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الكبير\nللحافظ أبي بكر أحمد بن الحُسَين بن عليٍّ البيهقي\n(٣٨٤ - ٤٥٨ هـ)\nتحقيق\nالدكتور / عبد الله بن عبد المحسن التركي\nبالتعاون مع\nمركز هجر للبحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية\nالدكتور / عبد السند حسن يمامة\nالجزء الأول","vol":"المقدمة","page":1},{"text":"حقوق الطبع محفوظة\nالطبعة الأولى\nالقاهرة ١٤٣٢ هـ - ٢٠١١ م","vol":"المقدمة","page":2},{"text":"السنن الكبير","vol":"المقدمة","page":3},{"text":"بسم اللَّهِ الرحمن الرحيم\nتقديم\nالحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات، وبفضله وتوفيقه تنال المطالب وتتحقق الآمال، وصلى اللَّه وسلم وبارك، على نبينا الحبيب المصطفى، محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ، خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين، وإمام المتقين، وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين.\nأما بعد:\nفإن السنن النبوية الشريفة، والآثار المروية عن الصحابة رضوان اللَّهِ عليهم، أحق ما ينبغي أن يعتني به طلاب العلم مدارسة وحفظًا وفهمًا، وأهل العلم تعليمًا وتوجيهًا وخدمة للكتب المصنفة فى ذلك، لا سيما فى هذا الزمن الذي فتَرَت فيه الهمم، وضعفت العزائم، عن التمسك بالسنة النبوية فى الأقوال والأعمال، والتسليم لما جاء فيها من الأمر والنهي، ومعرفة ما للصحابة على سائر أجيال الأمة، من الحق والفضل، فإن اللَّه أظهر هذا الدين بجهودهم، كما دلت عليه دلائل القرآن، وبذلهم الأمر أنس والمهج فى نصرته والاستجابة لرسوله -ﷺ - فى السراء والضراء، والمنشط والمكره، رضوان اللَّهِ عليهم أجمعين.\nوكتاب السنن الكبير للحافظ أبى بكر أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي (ت ٤٥٨ هـ) من أجمع الكتب للسنن والآثار وأوعاها، وأكثرها استقصاء،","vol":"المقدمة","page":5},{"text":"فيما نعلم.\nصنفه هذا الجهبذ النحرير، ليكون كتابًا جامعًا لأحاديث الأحكام، وما يتصل بها ويتممها من الآداب الشرعية، وبناه على مذهب الإِمام الشافعي، ورتبه على أبواب مختصر المزنى، ولم يكن ذلك تعصبًا منه ﵀ للشافعي على غيره، وإنما أراد أن يبين ابتناء الفقه على السنن والآثار، ولذلك استطرد فأخرج عامة ما تمسك به من ذلك إمام من الأئمة، من خبر أو أثر ليكون حجة لمذهبه أو سلفًا له في قوله، وإن كان ضعيفًا من جهة سنده أو من جهة دلالته على المراد، ليبين إجماعَهم على تحرى السنن والآثار في الجملة، وعذرَهم ﵏ في وقوع اجتهادهم أحيانًا على خلاف الصحيح الثابت، لقصور جَهْدهم عن الإحاطة بالسنة، فإن الاحاطة بها حاصلة من مجموع علماء الأمة، لا من كل واحد على حِدَته.\nوبهذا كان سنن البيهقي كالكتاب المستخرج على مجموع الكتب الستة الأصول التي كادت تستوعب السنة إلا قليلًا، وزاد عليها جملة صالحة بما اشتمل عليه مستدرك شيخه أبى عبد اللَّهِ الحاكم النيسابورى، وسنن شيخ شيوخه أبي الحسن الدارقطني، ومصنفا عبد الرزاق وابن أبي شيبة، في نقل فقه الصحابة والتابعين. وكشف فيه الحافظ البيهقي عن موهبة فائقة في حسن التصنيف، كما ظهر ذلك في تصانيفه الأخرى، وعن الصناعة الحديثية بين الرواية والدراية، وجودة التصرف في الجمع بين الفقه والحديث، والأثر والنظر.","vol":"المقدمة","page":6},{"text":"فجاء كتابه هذا شاملًا حافلًا، دالًّا على إمامته في كثير من العلوم، حرى بمن أدمن النظر فيه والمطالعة له، أن يسمى عالمًا مطلعًا على الشريعة من مشارف عالية، إذا ضم إليه ما يتممه من مثل التمهيد لابن عبد البر، والمغنى لابن قدامة، وشرح السنة للبغوى، والمحلى لابن حزم، وفتح الباري لابن حجر العسقلاني، ﵏ جميعًا.\nوقد طبع سنن البيهقي في المطبعة الحيدرية بالهند، طبعة قديمة على الأوفست، مع الحواشي التي استدرك بها ابن التركمانى على البيهقي، وسماه الجوهر النقى، وهي طبعة متقنة انتشرف بين أيدى الناس، واشتغلوا عليها حينًا من الدهر، إلى أن جاء الزمن الذي كثرت الحاجة فيه إلى إخراج الكتب في حُلل قشيبة، على الطريقة الحديثة التي يعتنى فيها بإثبات فروق النسخ الخطية في الهوامش، زيادة في الإتقان لدى تصحيح النص وكشف مشكلاته، واستكمال العمل فيه بهوامش متعددة في تخريج الأحاديث والآثار، وعزو الأقوال المأثورة والأشعار، وتفسير الغريب، وتراجم الأعلام من الأشخاص والبلدان وغير ذلك. وصناعة فهارس عامة كاشفة لمحتويات الكتاب، ومقربة للاستفادة منه وسرعة الرجوع إلى المعلومات التي اشتمل عليها.\nوكان هذا مع ما تقدم من التعريف بهذا الكتاب الجليل القدر، داعيًا إلى العمل فيه وإخراج طبعة جديدة على غرار ما سبق في الكتب التي يسر اللَّهِ ﷾ خدمتها وإخراجها.","vol":"المقدمة","page":7},{"text":"وقد كان العمل في هذا الإصدار الذي بلغ بفهارسه أربعة وعشرين مجلدًا، مرتكزًا على تصحيح النص بالاعتماد على أصول خطية يسر اللَّهِ جمعها، أنفسها نسخة العلامة أبي عمرو بن الصلاح الشهرزورى الدمشقي (ت ٦٤٣ هـ)، لكونها نسخة مصححة مسموعة عليه، مزودة بتعليقات مفيدة، مع معونة الطبعة الهندية اليسار إليها، والمختصر الذي عمله الحافظ الذهبي.\nوقد تم ضبط الكَلِم ضبطًا يزيل ما فيه من الإشكال وتعدو الاحتمال، وترقيم الآيات، مع كتابتها برسم المصحف، وبيان القراءات عند الحاجة، وتخريج الأحاديث والآثار، والإحالة على مواضع تراجم الرجال الذين تكلم عليهم المصنف، وصناعة معجم لشيوخ المصنف ضمن الفهارس.\nوما كان لهذه الموسوعة الحافلة أن تصدر بثوبها القشيب هذا، لولا عون اللَّهِ تبارك اسمُه، وحسنُ توفيقه، وما جنده لها من خلال مركز هجر للبحوث والدراسات العربية والإِسلامية في تحقيق كتب التراث، الذي دأب على إخراج المصنفات التي تشتد حاجة أهل العلم لها في صورة متميزة، راجين من ذلك مثوبة اللَّهِ، وخدمة الإِسلام ونفع المسلمين.\nفالشكر كل الشكر لجهود الباحثين الذين أسهموا في إخراج هذا العمل.","vol":"المقدمة","page":8},{"text":"وفي الختام، أسأل اللَّهِ أن يجعل هذا العمل خالصًا لوجهه الكريم، سببًا للفوز برضوانه العظيم. وصلى اللَّهِ وسلم وبارك على خيرته من خلقه، نبينا وإمامنا محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ، والحمد لله رب العالمين.\nد. عبد السند حسن يمامة","vol":"المقدمة","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1>مقدمة التحقيق</span>\nإن الحمد لله، نحمده، ونستعينه، ونستغفره، ونعوذ بالله من شرور أنفسنا ومن سيئات أعمالنا، من يهده اللَّهِ فلا مضل له، ومن يضلل فلا هادي له، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا اللَّهِ وحده لا شريك له، وأشهد أن محمدًا عبده ورسوله.\n(يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ) (يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا)، (يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا (٧٠) يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا).\nأما بعد:\nفقد منَّ اللَّه سبحانه بإرسال رسله إلى العباد، يهدونهم سبيل الفوز والنجاة؛ ويدعونهم إلى الهدى والرشاد. ﴿رُسُلًا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهِ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ١٦٥] وأرسل سبحانه رسوله محمدا -ﷺ - بالرسالة الخاتمة والشريعة الكاملة، وأنزل عليه كتابه الكريم ﴿بَصَائِرُ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٠٣].\nوتكفل اللَّهِ سبحانه بحفظه فقالَ: ﴿إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ","vol":"المقدمة","page":11},{"text":"لَحَافِظُونَ﴾ [الحجر: ٩] فما زال محفوظا ﴿لَا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلَا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ﴾ [فصلت: ٤١، ٤٢].\nولما كانت السنة وحيا من اللَّهِ سبحانه وبلاغا لرسالته، إذ قال سبحانه: ﴿وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى (٣) إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى﴾ [النجم: ٣، ٤] فقد أوجب اللَّهِ سبحانه على الناس طاعة رسوله فيما أمر ونهى، فقال سبحانه: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ [الحشر: ٧]، وحذر سبحانه من مخالفته وعصيان أمره، فقال: ﴿فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٦٣]. فجعل ﷾ السنة حجة شرعية، وتعبدنا باعتقاد مضمونها والعمل بمقتضاها، وهي شقيقة القرآن ومثيلته في الحجية والاعتبار؛ إذ هما جميعًا من عند اللَّهِ.\nفأصل الدين ومصدره هو الوحي من اللَّهِ لنبيه -ﷺ-، وله قسمان هما: القرآن والسنة، وقد بين اللَّهِ سبحانه ذلك اتم بيان فقال سبحانه: ﴿وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ١١٣] وقال: ﴿لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٤].\nوإن الأمة ما زالت متفقة على أن السنة النبوية لها مقام معلوم في بيان","vol":"المقدمة","page":12},{"text":"الأحكام، وأنها حجة قائمة بنفسها، وأنه يجب الرجوع إليها إذا ثبتت، ولا يجوز الحكم بالاجتهاد والرأى مع ثبوتها، وأنه قد ثبتت بها أحكام لم يرِد بها الكتاب، هذا من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى، فإثها بيان للقرآن، وتفسير له، ومفصّلة لما أجمل فيه، وهذه المعانى كلها محل إجماع عند من يعتد بأقوالهم، ولا نعلم أحدًا خالف في هذا إلا الزنادقة وأمثالهم من الفرق الضالة الذين لا يتأثر الإجماع بمخالفتهم.\nوإن الدارس لكتاب اللَّهِ والسنة النبوية، ولا سيما آيات الأحكام وأحاديثها، ليدرك تمام الإدراك أن للسنة أثرًا مهما في بيان الأحكام المجملة في القرآن الكريم، وهي التي تقيد المطلق، وتخصص العام، وتبين الناسخ والمنسوخ.\nوإذا أردنا أن نسوق أمثلة للأحكام التي أجملت في القرآن وبينتها السنة وفصلتها، وأمثلة أخرى للأحكام التي جاءت في السنة ولم ينزل بها قرآن، لوجدنا الشيء الكثير في مختلف أبواب العبادات والمعاملات والحدود وغيرها.\nفمن أين نعرف حد شارب الخمر ورجم الزاني المحصن وقطع يد السارق إذا لم نرجع إلى السنة المطهرة، وغير ذلك من المسائل الكثيرة التي يتوقف الإيمان بالقرآن والعمل به على الإيمان بالسنة والتزامها واتباعها.\nوقد حرمت السنة نكاح المرأة على عمتها أو خالتها، وحرمت الحمر الأهلية، وكل ذى ناب من السباع وذى مخلب من الطير، وأوجبت رجم","vol":"المقدمة","page":13},{"text":"الزاني المحصن، إلى غير ذلك بما ملئت به مدونات فقه الحديث والكتب الجامعة لأحاديث الأحكام. وقد قال تعالى: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا في أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٦٥].\nوقد أدركت الأمة الإِسلامية عظمة السنة ومكانتها، فحفظتها بعد حفظها للقرآن، ودوَّن العلماء فيها الدواوين من الجوامع والمسانيد والمعاجم والأجزاء والمصنفات، وبحثوا في أحوال الرجال والأسانيد، وألفوا في ذلك العدد الكثير من الكتب، وألفوا في الصحاح والسنن والموضوعات والعلل. وفي سبيل القيام بهذا الجهد الكبير جندوا أنفسهم لخدمتها وكابدوا في سبيلها المشاق والسهر والرحلات الطويلة إلى أقطار الأرض من شرقها إلى غربها ومن شمالها إلى جنوبها.\nوهذه مكتبات الدنيا تزخر بما خلفوا من الكنوز، حتى مكتبات أوروبا وأمريكا والهند، حيث استحوذت على إعجابهم وأدركوا أنها أعظم كنز يتباهون به في مكتباتهم.\nولم تكن السنة في القرن الأول -عصر الصحابة وكبار التابعين- مدونة في بطون الكتب، وإنما كانت مسطورة على صفحات القلوب، فكانت صدور الرجال مهد التشريع النبوى ومصدر الفتيا ومنبعث الحكم والأخلاق.\nوقد روى مسلم في \"صحيحه\" عن أبي سعيد الخدري -﵁ - أنه قال: قال","vol":"المقدمة","page":14},{"text":"رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تكتُبوا عنِّي، ومَن كتبَ عنِّي غيرَ القرآنِ فليَمْحُهُ\" (^١). قال أبو العباس القرطبى: كان هذا النهى متقدما، وكان ذلك لئلا يختلط بالقرآن ما ليس منه ثم لما أمن من ذلك أبيحت الكتابة، كما أباحها النبي -ﷺ - لأبي شاه في حجَّة الوداع حين قال: \"اكتُبُوا لأبي شاه\" فرأى علماؤنا هذا ناسخا لذلك (^٢).\nقال القاضي عياض: بين السلف اختلاف كبير في كتابة العلم من الصحابة والتابعين، فكرهه كثير منهم، وأجازه الأكثر، ثم وقع بَعْدُ الاتفاقُ على جوازه لِمَا جاء عنه ﵇ من إذنه لعبد اللَّهِ بن عمرو في الكتاب (^٣).\nوكما امتن اللَّهِ علينا بالسنة فقد امتن علينا بحفظها إذ سخر لها من أفذاذ الرجال من قام بحفظها وتدوينها، ونقصد بالتدوين كتابة الأحاديث وجمعها في ديوان واحد، وقد كان ذلك يتم في البداية في شكل مجهود فردي، حيث يقوم الراوى بكتابة مسموعاته في كتاب لنفسه، فلما انتشر الإِسلام في أرض اللَّهِ، واتسعت البلاد، وتفرق الصحابة في الأقطار، ومات كثير منهم، وقيل الضبط، دعت الحاجة إلى تدوين الحديث وتقييده بالكتابة، فلما أن أفضت الخلافة إلى الإِمام العادل عمر بن عبد العزيز كتب على رأس المائة إلى أبى بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم عامله وقاضيه على المدينة: انظر ما كان من حديث رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ - فاكتبه، فإني خفت دروس العلم وذهاب العلماء (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٠٠٤)، وأحمد (١١٥٣٦) بلفظ: \"شيئًا غير القرآن\".\n(^٢) المفهم ٦/ ٧٠٣.\n(^٣) إكمال المعلم ٨/ ٥٥٣.\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٩).","vol":"المقدمة","page":15},{"text":"وكذلك كتب إلى عماله في أمهات المدن الإِسلامية بجمع الحديث، فكان أول من استجاب له ابن شهاب الزهرى فدون في ذلك كتابًا، ثم فشا أمر التدوين في الطبقة التي تلته، وكان على رأس من دون ابن جريج في مكة وسعيد بن أبي عروبة وحماد بن سلمة في البصرة، وسفيان الثوري في الكوفة، وابن إسحاق والإمام مالك في المدينة وغيرهم، والتف حولهم طلبة العلم وأخذوا عنهم الحديث وحفظوه دراية ورواية، وشددوا في ضبطه ودققوا في مروياته.\nوقد اختلفت مناهج المصنفين في الحديث كما يقول ابن الأثير: رأيت هذا العلم على شرفه وعلو منزلته وعظم قدره علمًا عزيزًا، مشكل اللفظ والمعنى، والناس في تصانيفهم التي جمعوها وألفوها مختلفو الأغراض متنوعو المقاصد. ثم ذكر أغراضهم كما يلي:\n١ - منهم من قصر همته على تدوين الحديث ليحفقالفظه ويستنبط منه الحكم.\n٢ - ومنهم من يثبت الأحاديث في الأماكن التي هي دليل عليها، فيضع لكل مجموعة من الأحاديث المتشابهة بابًا يختص بها.\n٣ - ومنهم من استخرج أحاديث تتضمن ألفاظًا لغوية، ومعانى مشكلة، فوضع لها كتابًا، قصره على ذكر متونها، وشرح غريبها وإعرابه وتوضيح معانيه دون تعرض منه لذكر أحكامها.\n٤ - ومنهم من أضاف إلى الاختيار السابق ذكر الأحكام واراء الفقهاء.","vol":"المقدمة","page":16},{"text":"٥ - ومنهم من اقتصر على ذكر الغريب دون متنه، فجمع الكلمات الغريبة ودونها ورتبها وشرحها.\n٦ - ومنهم من قصد إلى استخراج أحاديث تضمنت ترغيبًا وترهيبًا وأحاديث تتضمن أحكامًا فدونها معًا (^١).\nويعقب ابن الأثير على هذه الأغراض قائلًا: \"وغير هؤلاء المذكورين من أئمة الحديث لو أردنا أن نستقصى ذكرهم واختلاف أغراضهم ومقاصدهم لطال الكتاب، ولم ننته إلى حد، فاختلاف الأغراض هو الداعى إلى اختلاف التصانيف\" (^٢).\nولا شك أن الإِمام البيهقي كان من هؤلاء الأفذاذ الذين اختارهم اللَّهِ لحفظ السنة، وحباهم بشرف التصنيف فيها وخدمتها، يظهر ذلك في جُل مصنفاته التي يعمد فيها إلى سياقة الحديث في موضعه من الاستشهاد أو الموضوع أو الفكرة بإسناده إلى النبي -ﷺ - أو الصحابي أو التابعى أو غيره ممن يروى عنه، بحيث إنه لا يكاد يذكر رواية أو قولًا إلا ويسوق معه إسناده لهذا القول أو تلك الرواية\" ويتجلى ذلك بوضوح في كتابه \"السنن الكبير\" الذي نحن بصدده، حيث ذكر المباحث الفقهية وأدلة المسائل الشافعية مستنبطة من الأحاديث والآثار المسندة، موردا كل حديث برواياته المتعددة وطرقه المختلفة، متكلما في الأسانيد والمتون بمقتضى الطرق الانتقادية، ومستشهدا بكتب الحديث الصحيحة.\n_________\n(^١) جامع الأصول ١/ ١٦ - ١٨.\n(^٢) السابق ١/ ١٨.","vol":"المقدمة","page":17},{"text":"ولمّا كان هذا الكتاب \"السنن الكبير\" بحاجة إلى مزيد اهتمام وعناية -لِما له من أهمية في المكتبة الإِسلامية حيث عده الذهبي أحد أربعة كتب عدها كتب الإِسلام- ونظرًا لما للمصنف من مكانة علمية، فقد وقع اختيارنا عليه لنوليه الاهتمام والعناية، وذلك بإعادة تحقيقه ونشره وإخراجه في صورة علمية، نرجو من اللَّهِ أن تكون مرضية للَّه ﷿ ونافعة لطلاب العلم وسائر المسلمين.\nوما كان لهذا السفر العظيم أن يخرج في هذه الصورة إلا بحبل من اللَّهِ وعون منه، وتسخيره لمجموعة من العمل مخلصة محبة للعلم حريصة على إخراجه على النحو الذي يرضى اللَّهِ ﷿، ويكون نافعا للإسلام وأهله. والحمد للَّه حق حمده.","vol":"المقدمة","page":18},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2>ترجمة المصنف </span>(^١)\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3>اسمه ونسبه:</span>\nهو الحافظ العلامة المثبت الفقيه، الأصولي، الدَّيِّن الوَرع، واحد زمانه في الحفظ، وفرد أقرانه في الإتقان والضبط، شيخ الإِسلام، أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي بن عبد اللَّهِ بن موسى، الخُسْرَوجِرْدي البيهقي النيسابوري الخيراساني.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4>مولده ونشأته:</span>\nولد في قرية خُسْرَوجِرْدَ، من قرى مدينة بيهق بنيسابور في شهر شعبان سنة (٣٨٤ هـ ٩٩٤ م) حيث لقى عناية طيبة منذ صغره؛ إذ دفعه أهله إلى الكتاب فتعلم وأتقن قراءة القرآن وحفظه.\nوفي سن الخامسة عشرة ابتدأ البيهقي التطواف على الشيوخ لتلقى العلم من منابعه، فبدأ بالسماع لكبار أعلام وفقهاء (خسروجرد) مسقط رأسه،\n_________\n(^١) تنظر ترجمته في: الأنساب ١/ ٤٣٨، وتبيين كذب المفترى ص ٢٦٥، والمنتظم ١٦/ ٩٧، ومعجم البلدان ١/ ٨٠٥، والكامل في التاريخ ١٠/ ٥٢، والمنتخب من السياق ١٠٣ ترجمة (٢٣١)، ووفيات الأعيان ١/ ٧٥، والمختصر في أخبار البشر ٢/ ١٨٥، ودول الإسلام ١/ ٢٦٩، والعبر ٣/ ٢٤٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٨/ ١٦٣، وتذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ١١٣٢، وتاريخ الإِسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٥١ هـ -٤٦٠ هـ) ص ٤٣٨، والإعلام بوفيات الأعلام ١٨٩، وفوات الوفيات ١/ ٧٥، والوافي بالوفيات ٦/ ٣٥٤، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكي ٤/ ٨، ومرآة الجنان ٣/ ٨١، والبداية والنهاية ١٦/ ٩، وطبقات الشافعية لابن قاضي شهبة ١/ ٢٢٥، والوفيات ٢٤٦، وشذرات الذهب ٣/ ٣٠٤، وروضات الجنات ١/ ٢٥١، ومعجم المؤلفين ١/ ٢٠٦، والنجوم الزاهرة ٥/ ٧٧، وطبقات الحفاظ للسيوطي ٤٣٣.","vol":"المقدمة","page":19},{"text":"أمثال: أبى نصر عمر بن عبد العزيز بن عمر بن قتادة البشيري وأبى الحسن بن عبد اللَّهِ بن إبراهيم الهاشمي، والحسين بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد السديري البيهقي، وعلي بن أحمد بن عمر الحمامى المقرئ. . . .\nوكانت بيهق هي النقطة التي اتخذها البيهقي منطلفا لرحلاته العلمية الواسعة في المدن المتاخمة لها أولًا، وحين نحاول أن نتعرف على محطاته المهمة في هذه الرحلة العظيمة، فإننا نجد منها: بلاد العراق والحجاز في رحلته إلى الحج، وبلاد نوقان وإسفرايين، وطوس والمهرجان وأسد آباد وهمذان والدامغان، وأصبهان، والري والطابران ونيسابور وروذبار وبغداد ومكة والمدينة وشط العرب إلى غير ذلك من البلدان.\nوكان المكان الأول الذي تلقى فيه البيهقي علومه بعد بيهق هو نيسابور وما جاورها من البلدان.\nثم انطلق البيهقي إلى المحطة المهمة في رحلته وهي بغداد، وقد كانت من المراكز الحديثية الكبرى، وقد سمع البيهقي في بغداد من عدد وافر من المحدثين، الذين كانوا يتصدرون النشاط العلمي في هذا البلد وقتذاك، ثم تابع البيهقي رحلاته العلمية إلى بقية البلدان الإِسلامية في طلب الحديث والتزود من الشيوخ وتحصيل العلوّ من الإسناد ..\nوبعد تطواف دائم وترحال متصل دام حوالى ثلاثين سنة تقريبًا، عاد البيهقي إلى مدينة (بيهق) بعد أن تبوأ مكانة مرموقة وأصبح من الأعلام المشهورين والحفاظ المعدودين، يعود إلى بيهق، لينقطع فيها عاكفا على","vol":"المقدمة","page":20},{"text":"هذه الكنوز التي نالها من رحلته، ليخرج منها هذه الكتب التي قل مثالها في بابها، وكان من ثمار اجتهاده وقوة همته في طلب العلم أن تمكن من جمع هذا العلم الوافر الغزير في مصنفات ومؤلفات قال عنها الذهبي: (تصانيف البيهقي عظيمة القدر غزيرة الفوائد، قلّ من جوّد تآليفه مثل الإِمام أبي بكر البيهقي، فينبغى للعالم أن يعتني بها).\nوكان المصنف - ﵀ - يصدر في كل رحلاته عن نفس خاشعة ورعة؛ ترقب اللَّهِ في أعمالها، وتطلب العلم بإخلاص ورغبة فيه، وبهمة عالية ونفس راضية، صابرة على بأس الحياة وضيق العيش دون عوز ولا شكوى، فبلغ ما بلغ من منزلة ودرجة رفيعة في العلم.\nوقد عاش البيهقي في عصر كثرت فيه الاضطرابات والفتن، ومن ثم فقد نهض مدافعا عن السنة داعيا الناس إلى العودة إليها، مع حسن الاعتقاد والزهد في الدنيا والبعد عن فتنها، وقد أولى الموضوعات التي كانت محل الجدل والمناظرات اهتماما خاصا، فأفرد لها العديد من المصنفات التي تمثل رأيه في هذه المسائل والموضوعات، ككتاب الاعتقاد، والأسماء والصفات، والقضاء والقدر، وشعب الإيمان، والبعث والنشور، متناولا هذه المسائل بأسلوب علمى يظهر الحق من خلال الكتاب والسنة، بعيدا عن الدلائل المنطقية التي أغرق فيها غيره، ولم يلجأ إليها إلا مع معارضى السنة لإبطال أقوالهم ودحض حججهم، فلم يكن ممن يلوى أعناق النصوص لتخدم مذهبه وتحقق غرضه وتنتصر لرأيه، كما يفعل بعض المتعصبين، بل","vol":"المقدمة","page":21},{"text":"كان يتوخى الحق منتظرا له ومنتصرا، لا للغلبة، متبعا في ذلك نهج إمامه الشافعي حيث قال: ما ناظرت أحدا على الغلبة إلا على الحق عندي.\nويقف إلى جانب هذه البيئة وأثرها في تكوين ثقافة البيهقي الجمع الهائل من العلماء الذين أخذ عنهم العلوم المختلفة فتكوّن من خلالها جانب كبير من ثقافته.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-5>شيوخه:</span>\nلقد سبقت الإشارة إلى البيئة العلمية في بيهق، وما ضمته من علماء في سائر فنون العلم والمعرفة، وأن المصنف ﵀ قد نشأ في هذه البيئة وأخذ عن علمائها، ثم إنه لم يكتف بذلك، بل ارتحل طلبا للعلم، وجلس إلى العديد من المشايخ والأئمة؛ حرصا على طلب العلم والاستزادة منه. وقد تنوعت ثقافته وعلمه بتنوع الشيوخ الذين أخذ عنهم، والذين يصعب استقصاء عددهم، ولكننا قد آثرنا مع كثرة شيوخه أن نذكر المشايخ الذين أخذ عنهم المصنف كتاب السنن الذي نحن بصدده، ليكون معجما لشيوخه في كتاب السنن، وهذا يعطى فائدة للقارئ، وقد رُتِّب هذا المعجم على حروف المعجم الألفبائى، مقتصرين على ذكر اسم الشيخ وكنيته ونسبه، ثم نشير في الحاشية إلى موضع ترجمته من الكتاب لمن أراد الاستزادة.\n١ - إبراهيم بن محمد بن إبراهيم أبو إسحاق الإسفراييني (^١).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٥٤٠١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":22},{"text":"٢ - إبراهيم بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن يوسف أبو إسحاق الطوسي الفقيه (^١).\n٣ - إبراهيم بن محمد بن أحمد أبو إسحاق الأرموى الفقيه (^٢).\nإبراهيم بن محمد بن علي بن إبراهيم بن معاوية أبو إسحاق النيسابوري العطار الصيدلاني (^٣).\n٥ - أحمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن محمود أبو بكر الثقفى الأصبهانيُّ الواعظ نزيل نيسابور (^٤).\n٦ - أحمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن حفص بن مسلم بن يزيد بن الحرشى أبو بكر المقرى القاضي الحيرى (^٥).\n٧ - أحمد بن أبي خلف الصوفى بن أحمد أبو حامد الإسفرايينى المهرجاني (^٦).\n٨ - أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو نصر الصفار (^٧).\n٩ - أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن شبيب أبو نصر الفامى الشبيبى\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٥١٠٢).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٤٦٦).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٣٥٩٥).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (١٨٩٤٤).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٢٢٢).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٩٦٢).\n(^٧) سيأتي في (٣٣٠٧).","vol":"المقدمة","page":23},{"text":"الخندقي (^١).\n١٠ - أحمد بن علي بن أحمد الرازي أبو حامد الإسفرايينى الحافظ (^٢).\n١١ - أحمد بن علي بن الحسن البزاز أبو العباس الكسائي المصري (^٣).\n١٢ - أحمد بن علي بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن منجويه أبو بكر الأصبهانيّ اليزدي الحافظ (^٤).\n١٣ - أحمد بن علي بن محمد بن منصور أبو المنصور الدامغاني (^٥).\n١٤ - أحمد بن علي المقرئ أبو حامد الخسروجردي (^٦).\n١٥ - أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن حمدون أبو بكر بن أبي أحمد الأشناني النيسابوري الصيدلاني (^٧).\n١٦ - أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم أبو سهل المهراني المزكي (^٨).\n١٧ - أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن الحارث بن عبد اللَّهِ أبو بكر التميمي\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٢٦٠).\n(^٣) ينظر (٥٨٢٤).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٢٠).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٧٩٨١).\n(^٦) سيأتي في (١٠/ ٢٤٧) مطبوع.\n(^٧) ترجمته قبل (٩٧).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٤٩٤).","vol":"المقدمة","page":24},{"text":"الأصبهاني (^١).\n١٨ - أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن حمك، أبو العباس الشاذياخي (^٢).\n١٩ - أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن موسى، أبو حامد النيسابوري الشافعي المعروف بأميرك بن أبي ذر (^٣).\n٢٠ - أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن حفص بن الخليل الأنصاري الحافظ أبو سعد الماليني الهروي الصوفي (^٤).\n٢١ - أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن غالب أبو بكر الخوارزمي البرقاني الفقيه الشافعي الحافظ الكبير (^٥).\n٢٢ - أحمد بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن عبد الصمد بن المهتدى بالله أبو عبد اللَّهِ الخطيب العباسى الهاشمى البغدادي (^٦).\n٢٣ - أحمد بن محمد بن مزاحم أبو سعيد النيسابوري الصفار الأديب (^٧).\n٢٤ - أحمد بن الوليد بن أحمد بن محمد بن الوليد أبو حامد الزوزني (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١١).\n(^٢) ينظر (٤٤٥٥).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٥٩٥٢).\n(^٤) ترجمته عقب (١٤).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٨٠٦).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٥٩٧٨).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٤٦٥٨).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (١٤٤٢٥).","vol":"المقدمة","page":25},{"text":"٢٥ - إسحاق بن محمد بن يوسف بن يعقوب بن إبراهيم بن إسحاق بن يوسف أبو عبد اللَّهِ السوسي النيسابوري (^١).\n٢٦ - إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن علي بن عروة أبو القاسم المعروف بابن عروة البندار (^٢).\n٢٧ - إسماعيل بن عبد الرحمن بن أحمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن عابد بن عامر أبو عثمان ابن أبي نصر الصابوني النيسابوري (^٣).\n٢٨ - جامع بن أحمد بن محمد بن مهدي أبو الخير النيسابوري المحمداباذي الوكيل (^٤).\n٢٩ - جعفر بن محمد بن الحسين بن علي أبو محمد الأبهرى ثم الهمذاني الصوفى الزاهد (^٥).\n٣٠ - جناح بن نذير بن جناح أبو محمد المحاربى الكوفى القاضي (^٦).\n٣١ - الحسن بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن الحسن بن محمد بن شاذان أبو علي بن أبي بكر البغدادي البزاز (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٦٦).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٢٢١٠).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٨٣).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٩٧).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٢٢٨٤).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٢٧).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٧٨٩).","vol":"المقدمة","page":26},{"text":"٣٢ - الحسن بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن فراس أبو محمد المكي العطار (^١).\n٣٣ - الحسن بن أحمد أبو محمد الحافظ (^٢).\n٣٤ - الحسن بن أحمد بن محمد أبى الفوارس بن فارس البغدادي البزاز أبو الفوارس (^٣).\n٣٥ - الحسن بن أشعث بن محمد بن سعيد أبو علي القرشي المنبجي الشريف (^٤).\n٣٦ - الحسن بن أبي عبد اللَّهِ (^٥).\n٣٧ - الحسن بن علي بن المؤمل بن الحسن بن عيسى بن ماسرجس أبو محمد الماسرجسى النيسابورى (^٦).\n٣٨ - الحسن بن محمد بن حبيب بن أيوب أبو القاسم المفسر النيسابوري الواعظ المفسر (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٥٠٢٥).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٥٢٠٤).\n(^٣) ترجمته في ١٠/ ٧٧ مطبوع.\n(^٤) ترجمته في ١٠/ ٤٢ مطبوع.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٦٦٩٣).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٤٩٦).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٣٠٧).","vol":"المقدمة","page":27},{"text":"٣٩ - الحسين بن الحسن بن محمد بن حلبس أبو عبد اللَّهِ المخزومي الغضائري البغدادي (^١).\n٤٠ - الحسين بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد أبو عبد اللَّهِ السديري البيهقي (^٢).\n٤١ - الحسين بن علي بن الحسن بن محمد أبو طاهر الكعبي الهمذاني (^٣).\n٤٢ - الحسين بن علي بن محمد بن نصر بن علوشا أبو أحمد الأسداباذي الإستراباذى (^٤).\n٤٣ - الحسين بن عمر بن برهان أبو عبد اللَّهِ الغزال البغدادي البزاز (^٥).\n٤٤ - الحسين بن محمد بن الحسين بن عبد اللَّهِ بن صالح بن شعيب بن فنجويه الثقفى أبو عبد اللَّهِ الدينوري (^٦).\n٤٥ - الحسين بن محمد بن محمد أبو عبد اللَّهِ المقرئ البجلي (^٧).\n٤٦ - الحسين بن محمد بن محمد بن علي بن حاتم أبو علي الروذباري الطوسي الفقيه (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٢٣٨٢).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٨٦٤٨).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٠١٧).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٣٨٠).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٤٢٢).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٤٦٦٦).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٤٩٤٢).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":28},{"text":"٤٧ - حمزة بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أحمد بن حمزة أبو يعلى المهلبي الصيدلاني النيسابوري (^١).\n٤٨ - الخليل بن أحمد بن محمد بن يوسف أبو سعيد البستي القاضي (^٢).\n٤٩ - روح بن أحمد بن عمر بن أحمد بن عبد الرحيم أبو علي التميمي الأصبهاني ثم النيسابوري (^٣).\n٥٠ - زيد بن جعفر بن الحسين بن محمد بن علي أبى هاشم العلوي (^٤).\n٥١ - سعيد بن العباس بن محمد بن علي بن محمد بن سعيد أبو عثمان القرشي الهروي المزكّي (^٥).\n٥٢ - سعيد بن أبي عمرو أبو عثمان (^٦).\n٥٣ - سعيد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو سعد الشعيبي الكرابيسي العدل (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٩٧٣).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٢٨٥٩).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٣٧٤٣).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (١٥١٣).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٤٩٣٥).\n(^٦) ينظر (١١٧٦٤).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٣٨).","vol":"المقدمة","page":29},{"text":"٥٤ - سعيد بن محمد بن عبدان أبو عثمان النيسابوري (^١).\n٥٥ - سهل بن أبي سهل، أبو إسحاق المهراني (^٢).\n٥٦ - سهل بن محمد بن سليمان أبو الطيب الصعلوكي الزيادى النيسابوري (^٣).\n٥٧ - شريك بن عبد الملك بن الحسن أبو سعيد المهرجاني الإسفرايينى (^٤).\n٥٨ - طلحة بن علي بن الصقر أبو القاسم البغدادي الكتاني (^٥).\n٥٩ - ظفر بن محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن زبارة بن عبد اللَّهِ بن الحسن بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب السيد أبو منصور العلوي الحسيني المزكى الغازي (^٦).\n٦٠ - أبو العباس ابن الفضل بن علي بن محمد الإسفرايينى (^٧).\n٦١ - عبد الخالق بن علي بن عبد الخالق بن إسحاق أبو القاسم المحتسب المؤذن (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٦١٨).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٣١٥٣).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٢٣٠٣).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٤٣١).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٣٤١).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٢٨٦١).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٤٣٦٣)، وينظر ما سيأتي في الفضل بن علي.\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٤٩).","vol":"المقدمة","page":30},{"text":"٦٢ - عبد الرحمن بن أبي حامد أحمد بن إبراهيم أبو محمد المقرئ (^١).\n٦٣ - عبد الرحمن بن عبيد اللَّهِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد أبو القاسم البغدادي الحرفي الحربي (^٢).\n٦٤ - عبد الرحمن بن علي بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن حمدان بن مهران أبو القاسم الفارسى ثم النيسابوري الشافعي (^٣).\n٦٥ - عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن أحمد بن بالويه أبو محمد النيسابوري المزكى (^٤).\n٦٦ - عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن حبيب أبو زيد القاضي (^٥).\n٦٧ - عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن بندار بن شبانة أبو سعيد الشاهد (^٦).\n٦٨ - عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد بن حمدان أبو القاسم الكريزى القرشى الكوشكي النيسابوري السرّاج (^٧).\n٦٩ - عبد العزيز بن عبد اللَّهِ بن عبد الرحمن أبو القاسم التاجر الأصفهاني ثم\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٤٢).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٦٧).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٣٣٠٧).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (١٦٦).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٠٥١٦).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (١٢٢٨٣).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٦٩٨).","vol":"المقدمة","page":31},{"text":"الرازي (^١).\n٧٠ - عبد العزيز بن محمد بن جعفر بن المؤمن أبو القاسم التميمى العطار البغدادي المعروف بابن شبان (^٢).\n٧١ - عبد القاهر بن طاهر بن محمد أبو منصور البغدادي (^٣).\n٧٢ - عبد اللَّهِ بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن حمدويه أبو محمد بن أبي القاسم البُنانى الثابتى الحرضى النيسابوري الحنفي (^٤).\n٧٣ - عبد اللَّهِ بن علي بن أحمد أبو محمد المعاذي (^٥).\n٧٤ - عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد بن الحسن أبو أحمد المهرجاني العدل (^٦).\n٧٥ - عبد اللَّهِ بن يحيى بن عبد الجبار أبو محمد البغدادي السكري (^٧).\n٧٦ - عبد اللَّهِ بن يوسف بن أحمد بن بامويه أبو محمد الأردستاني الأصبهاني (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٢٦٥٢).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١١٣٤٠).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٣٣٠٧).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٥٥٥٨).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (١٥٠٠١).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٨).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٢٦).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٩).","vol":"المقدمة","page":32},{"text":"٧٧ - عبد الملك بن أبي عثمان محمد بن إبراهيم أبو سعد النيسابوري الواعظ الزاهد المعروف بالخركوشي (^١).\n٧٨ - عبد الواحد بن محمد بن إسحاق بن النجار أبو القاسم البخاري المقرئ (^٢).\n٧٩ - عبيد اللَّهِ بن عمر بن علي أبو القاسم المقرئ الفقيه الفامي البغدادي المعروف بابن البقال (^٣).\n٨٠ - عُبيد بن محمد بن محمد بن مهدى بن سعيد بن عاصم أبو محمد النيسابوري القشيري الصيدلاني الأصم العدل (^٤).\n٨١ - عتبة بن خيثمة بن محمد بن حاتم بن خيثمة بن الحسن بن عوف أبو الهيثم القاضي التميمى النيسابوري الفقيه الحنفي (^٥).\n٨٢ - عثمان بن عبدوس بن محفوظ أبو سعيد الفقيه الجنزوردي (^٦).\n٨٣ - العلاء بن محمد بن أبي سعيد محمد بن يعقوب بن سليمان بن داود أبو الحسن المهرجاني الإسفراييني الناطفي المزكِّي الزاهد (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٦١٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٨٠).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١٧٧٣).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (١٠٧٨).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (١٢٩٩).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (١٣٦٤).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٥٧١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":33},{"text":"٨٤ - علي بن أحمد بن إبراهيم أبو الحسن القرشي الخسروجردي المقرئ (^١).\n٨٥ - علي بن أحمد بن عبدان بن الفرج بن سعيد بن عبدان أبو الحسن الشيرازى الأهوازى (^٢).\n٨٦ - علي بن أحمد بن عمر بن حفص بن الحمامي أبو الحسن البغدادي المقرى (^٣).\n٨٧ - علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن داود أبو الحسن البغدادي الرزّاز (^٤).\n٨٨ - علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن سليمان بن كامل أبو الحسن الزاهد الكرابيسى البخاري الغنجاري (^٥).\n٨٩ - علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن يوسف القاضي أبو الحسن السامري الرفاء (^٦).\n٩٠ - علي بن الحسن بن علي بن العباس بن محمد بن فهو أبو الحسن الفهري المصري (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩٩٤٥).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٨).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٥٢٠).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٢٧٨٨).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (١٠٩٥٧).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٦٩٧).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٨٤٠١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":34},{"text":"٩١ - علي بن الحسين بن علي أبو الحسن البيهقي (^١).\n٩٢ - علي بن الحسن بن علي أبو القاسم الطهماني (^٢).\n٩٣ - علي بن عبد اللهِ بن إبراهيم أبو الحسن الهاشمي العيسوي البغدادي (^٣).\n٩٤ - علي بن عبد اللهِ بن علي أبو الحسن الخسروجردي البيهقي (^٤).\n٩٥ - علي بن محمد بن بندار أبو الحسن القزوينى المجاور بمكة (^٥).\n٩٦ - علي بن محمد بن عبد اللهِ بن بشران أبو الحسين، البغدادي المعدّل (^٦).\n٩٧ - علي بن محمد بن علي بن حسين بن شاذان أبو الحسن القاضي الإسفراييني ابن السقا (^٧).\n٩٨ - علي بن محمد بن علي بن حُميد أبو الحسن (أبو محمد) الإسفراييني المقرئ المهرجاني (^٨).\n٩٩ - علي بن محمد بن محمد بن جعفر أبو الحسن السبعي (^٩).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٤٦٠٨).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٠/ ٩٦ مطبوع).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٢٢١٧).\n(^٤) السنن الكبرى (٤٢٣).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٧٥٥٩).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٤).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١١٩).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٢٢).\n(^٩) ترجمته في (١٢١١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":35},{"text":"١٠٠ - علي بن محمد بن علي بن يعقوب أبو القاسم الإيادي البغدادي المالكى (^١).\n١٠١ - علي بن محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن عثمان أبو الحسن البغدادي الطرازى الحنبلى الأديب (^٢).\n١٠٢ - عمر بن إبراهيم بن إسماعيل، أبو الفضل بن أبي سعيد الهروى (^٣).\n١٠٣ - عمر بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن عبدويه بن سدُوس أبو حازم العبدوي الحافظ (^٤).\n١٠٤ - عمر بن عبد العزيز بن عمر بن قتادة أبو نصر الأنصاري البشيري النعمانى (^٥).\n١٠٥ - العنبر بن الطيب بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن العنبر أبو صالح النيسابوري العنبرى (^٦).\n١٠٦ - غيلان بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن غيلان بن الحكم. أبو القاسم الهمذاني البغدادي البزاز (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٢٢٠).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٦٣٣٣).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٣٩٥٨).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٣).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٢٩١).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (١٣٥).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٨٤٨٧).","vol":"المقدمة","page":36},{"text":"١٠٧ - الفضل بن علي بن محمد أبو العباس الإسفراييني (^١).\n١٠٨ - كامل بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو جعفر العزائمي الحافظ المستملي (^٢).\n١٠٩ - مجالد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن مجالد أبو القاسم البجلي (^٣).\n١١٠ - محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد أبو بكر الأصبهانيُّ الحافظ الأردستاني (^٤).\n١١١ - محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن محمد أبو بكر الفارسي النيسابوري القاضي (^٥)\n١١٢ - محمد بن أحمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم أبو نصر البزاز الطابراني (^٦).\n١١٣ - محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو جعفر القرميسيني (^٧).\n١١٤ - محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن بن إسحاق أبو الحسن البغدادي البزاز (^٨).\n١١٥ - محمد بن أحمد بن زكريا أبو بكر الإسفراييني (^٩).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٤٤٤٧، ١٩٢١٤). وينظر ما تقدم في: أبو العباس ابن الفضل بن علي.\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٢١٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٦٤٩٧).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٣٩٦).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٨٣).\n(^٦) السنن الكبرى (١٧٩٩).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٧٠١٧).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (١٠٧).\n(^٩) ترجمته في (٢٦٧٦).","vol":"المقدمة","page":37},{"text":"١١٦ - محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن القاسم أبو أسامة المقري الهروي (^١).\n١١٧ - محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن الفرج بن أبي طاهر عطاء أبو عبد اللهِ البغدادي الدقاق المعروف بابن البياض (^٢).\n١١٨ - محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن فارس بن أبي الفوارس سهل أبو الفتح الحافظ (^٣).\n١١٩ - محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن شاذان بن أبي الفوارس أبو صادق النيسابوري الصيدلاني العطار الفقيه الأديب (^٤).\n١٢٠ - محمد بن أحمد بن عبد اللهِ بن محمد بن منصور أبو بكر النوقاني (^٥).\n١٢١ - محمد بن بكر بن محمد أبو بكر النوقاني الطوسي الفقيه (^٦).\n١٢٢ - محمد بن الحسن بن فُوْرَك أبو بكر الأصبهانيُّ الفقيه المتكلم (^٧).\n١٢٣ - محمد بن الحسن بن المؤمل أبو بكر النيسابوري المعروف بشاه الموصلي (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٢١٨١).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (١٣٨٦).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١١٦٠٤).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٢٤٤).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٦٤٣).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٣٥٠).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (٦٩).\n(^٨) سيأتي في (١٥٧٣٣).","vol":"المقدمة","page":38},{"text":"١٢٤ - محمد بن الحسين بن داود بن علي أبو الحسن العلوي الحَسَنى النيسابوري (^١).\n١٢٥ - محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن موسى أبو عبد الرحمن السلمي النيسابوري (^٢).\n١٢٦ - محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن الفضل أبو الحسين القطان (^٣).\n١٢٧ - محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن الهيثم أبو عمر القاضي البسطامي (^٤).\n١٢٨ - محمد بن أبي الحسين محمد بن أبي القاسم عبد الرحمن بن الحسن أبو ذر المذكر المطوعى النيسابوري (^٥).\n١٢٩ - محمد بن أبي سعيد بن سختويه أبو بكر الإسفراييني (^٦).\n١٣٠ - محمد بن ظفر بن محمد أبو الحسن العلوي (^٧).\n١٣١ - محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن محبور أبو عبد الرحمن الدهان (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٧).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٤٧).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٣٠).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٦٠٢٧).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٤١٠٣).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٧١٧٥).\n(^٧) سيأتي في (١١٠٢٨).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٣٨٧).","vol":"المقدمة","page":39},{"text":"١٣٢ - محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن الحسين أبو عمرو الأديب الرزجاهي البسطامى (^١).\n١٣٣ - محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد بن جعفر أبو الفتح اللاسكي القاضي (^٢).\n١٣٤ - محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد بن حمدويه الضبى أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظ الحاكم، المعروف بابن البيع (^٣).\n١٣٥ - محمد بن علي بن خشيش أبو الحسين التميمي المقرئ (^٤).\n١٣٦ - محمد بن علي بن محمد أبو نصر الشيرازى الفقيه التاجر (^٥).\n١٣٧ - محمد بن علي محمد بن علي بن حِيد أبو بكر الجوهري الصيرفي العدل الغازى (^٦).\n١٣٨ - محمد بن عيسى بن عبد العزيز بن الصّبّاح أبو منصور الهمذاني الصوفيّ (^٧).\n١٣٩ - محمد بن الفضل بن نظيف أبو عبد اللَّهِ المصري الفرّاء (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٠٣).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٨٦).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (١).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٢٦٤).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (٨٨٥).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٨٨١٩).\n(^٧) سيأتي في ١٠/ ٢٣٤ (مطبوع).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (٢١٠١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":40},{"text":"١٤٠ - محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن رجاء أبر بكر النيسابوري الأديب (^١).\n١٤١ - محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن صالح أبر بكر السليماني (^٢).\n١٤٢ - محمد بن محمد بن حم بن أبي المعروف أبر الحسن الإسفرايينى المهرجاني الفقيه (^٣).\n١٤٣ - محمد بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن جعفر العطار الوراق الحنفي الحيرى أبو بكر بن أبي سعيد البغدادي الفقيه (^٤).\n١٤٤ - محمد بن محمد بن عبد اللَّهِ بن نوح أبر منصور النخعى (^٥).\n١٤٥ - محمد بن محمد بن محمش بن علي بن داود أبو طاهر الفقيه الشافعي (^٦).\n١٤٦ - محمد بن موسى بن الفضل بن شاذان أبر سعيد النيسابوري الصيرفى المهرجاني الفقيه (^٧).\n١٤٧ - محمد بن نصرويه بن أحمد أبر سهل المروزى الكشميهنى (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٦٤٣).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٧٣٤٨).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٨٩).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (٨٣٥٠).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٣١٨١).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (٢٣).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٢).\n(^٨) ترجمته في (١٦٦٨).","vol":"المقدمة","page":41},{"text":"١٤٨ - محمد بن يعقوب بن أحمد بن أبو الحسن الفقيه الطابرانى (^١).\n١٤٩ - مسعود بن محمد بن علي بن الحسن أبو سعيد الجرجانى الأديب الحنفى (^٢).\n١٥٠ - منصور بن الحسين بن محمد بن أحمد أبو نصر المقرئ المفسر (^٣).\n١٥١ - منصور بن عبد الوهاب بن أحمد بن عبد اللَّهِ أبو صالح الشالنجى الصوفى (^٤).\n١٥٢ - ناصر بن الحسين بن محمد بن علي أبو الفتح العمرى القرشى الشريف المروزى الشافعي (^٥).\n١٥٣ - هبة اللَّهِ بن الحسن بن منصور أبو القاسم الطبرى الرازى الشافعي اللالكائى (^٦).\n١٥٤ - هلال بن محمد بن جعفر بن سعدان بن عبد الرحمن بن ماهوية بن مهيار بن المرزبان. أبو الفتح الكسكرى الحفار (^٧).\n١٥٥ - يحيى بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن سختويه أبو زكريا ابن\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (١٢٥).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٣٢٣).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٢٥٩٥).\n(^٤) ترجمته في (١٩٩٥٧).\n(^٥) ترجمته في (١٢٦٦).\n(^٦) ترجمته في (١٠٥٢١).\n(^٧) ترجمته في (١٠٧٢).","vol":"المقدمة","page":42},{"text":"أبى إسحاق المزكى (^١).\n١٥٦ - يحيى بن أحمد بن علي أبو سعد الصائغ بالرى (^٢).\n١٥٧ - يحيى بن محمد بن يحيى بن زكريا أبو سعيد الخطيب الإسفرايينى المهرجانى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-6>مذهبه الفقهى:</span>\nلقد اجتمع للمصنف - ﵀ - هذا العدد الكبير من الشيوخ مع البيئة العلمية المتميزة -بغض النظر عما وقع من اضطرابات سياسية واجتماعية- وتكون له من الثقافة مع مواهبه العقلية وميزاته الشخصية ما يؤهله إلى اختيار الأسس التي وضع عليها بنيانه العلمى، فقد درس على مشايخ الفقه، على اختلاف مذاهبهم، ودرس أقوالهم لاختيار مذهبه الفقهى فيقول: \"وقد قابلت بتوفيق اللَّهِ تعالى أقوال كل واحد منهم -بمبلغ علمى- من كتاب اللَّهِ تعالى ثم بما جمعت من السنن والآثار في الفرائض والنوافل في الحلال والحرام والحدود والأحكام، فوجدت الشافعي ﵀ أكثرهم اتباعا، وأقواهم احتجاجا، وأصحهم قياسا، وأوضحهم إرشادا، وذلك فيما صنف من الكتب القديمة والجديدة في الأصول والفروع، وبأبين بيان وأفصح لسان، وكيف لا يكون كذلك وقد تبحّر أولًا في لسان من ختم اللَّهِ به النبوة\n_________\n(^١) ترجمته في (٣١).\n(^٢) ترجمته في (٣٨٠).\n(^٣) ترجمته في (٣٧).","vol":"المقدمة","page":43},{"text":"وأنزل به القرآن مع كونه عربى اللسان، قرشى الدار والنسب، ومن خير قبائل العرب من نسل هاشم والمطلب، ثم اجتهد في حفظ كتاب اللَّهِ ﷿ وسنة نبيه - ﷺ - وآثار أصحابه وأقوالهم وأقوال من بعدهم في أحكام اللَّهِ ﷿، حتى عرف الخاص من العامِّ والمفسَّر من المجمل، والفرض من الأدب، والحتم من الندب، واللازم من الإباحة، والناسخ من المنسوخ، والقوي من الأخبار من الضعيف، والشاذ منها من المعروف، والإجماع من الاختلاف، ثم شبه الفرع المختلف فيه بالأصل المتفق عليه من غير مناقضة منه للبناء الذي أسسه، ولا مخالفة منه للأصل الذي أصله، فخرجتْ بحمد اللَّهِ ونعمته أقواله مستقيمة وفتاويه صحيحة\" (^١).\nهكذا اختار المصنف ﵀ المذهب الشافعي عن اقتناع وعن في راية بغيره من المذاهب وبعد تمحيص ودراسة ومقارنة وتحقيق، ولذلك فقد أعطاه غاية اهتمامه وجل جهده، فجمع نصوص الإِمام الشافعي أولًا وصنف لها مصنفا مستقلا، ثم جرد نفسه لشرح أقواله وتبيين آرائه وتأييدها، بكل ما ملك من علوم ومعرفة دون أن يدفعه ذلك إلى التعصب الأعمى الذي لا يرى إلا نصرة مذهبه والغض من غيره، بل سلك مسلكا وسطا معتدلا، فهو شافعى عن اقتناع، وبذل الجهد في نصرة مذهبه، وهو أيضًا يَعرف لغير الشافعية قدرهم وعلمهم واجتهادهم، ويعرف أن كلا منهم اجتهد بمبلغ علمه قاصدا الحق\n_________\n(^١) معرفة السنن ١/ ١٢٥، ١٢٦.","vol":"المقدمة","page":44},{"text":"والصواب من ذلك، وما كان عندهم من مخالفة فإنه يرجو \"ألا يؤخذ على واحد منهم أنه خالف كتابا نصا ولا سنة قائمة ولا جماعة ولا قياسا صحيحا عنده، ولكن قد يجهل الرجل السنة فيكون له قول يخالفها لا أنه عمد خلافها، وقد يغفل المرء ويخطئ في التأويل\" (^١).\nويلخص البيهقيُّ منهجه في ذلك بقوله: \"إني منذ نشأت وابتدأت في طلب العلم أكتب أخبار سيدنا المصطفى ﷺ وعلى آله أجمعين، وأجمع آثار الصحابة الذين كانوا أعلام الدين، وأسمعها ممن حملها وأتعرف أحوال رواتها من حفاظها، وأجتهد في تمييز صحيحها من سقيمها، ومرفوعها من موقوفها، وموصولها من مرسلها، ثم انظر في كتب هؤلاء الأئمة الذين قاموا بعلم الشريعة وبنى كلُّ واحد منهم مذهبه على مبلغ علمه من الكتاب والسنة، فأرى كل واحد منهم - ﵄ - جميعهم قصَد قَصْد الحق فيما تكلف، واجتهد في أداء ما كلف، وقد وعد رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في حديث صحيح عنه لمن اجتهد فأصاب أجرين ولمن اجتهد فأخطأ أجرا واحدا، ولا يكون الأجر على الخطأ، وإنما يكون على ما تكلف من الاجتهاد، ويرفع عنه إثم الخطأ بأنه إنما كلف الاجتهاد في الحكم على الظاهر دون الباطن\" (^١).\nوقد أثنى إمامُ الحرمين الجوينيُّ على مدى خدمةِ البيهقيِّ لمذهبِ الشافعي بقوله: \"ما من شافعيٍّ إلا وللشافعيِّ في عنقِه مِنَّةٌ، إلا البيهقيَّ؛ فإنَّه\n_________\n(^١) معرفة السنن والآثار ١/ ١٢٥.","vol":"المقدمة","page":45},{"text":"له على الشافعي مِنَّةٌ؛ لتصانيفِه في نصرته لمذهبِه وأقاويلِه\" (^١).\nوقال ابن تيمية: \"البيهقيُّ أعلم أصحاب الشافعي بالحديث وأنصرهم للشافعي\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-7>موقف البيهقي من أخبار الصفات:</span>\nتتلمذ البيهقي على ابن فورك، وقد درس ابن فورك المذهب الأشعرى بالعراق على أبي الحسن الباهلي (^٣). والبيهقي والخطيب البغدادى معدودان في الطبقة الثالثة أو المرحلة الثالثة من مراحل تدوين مذهب الأشاعرة التي تبدأ بالأشعرى نفسه، فالمرحلة الثانية يمثلها الباقلانى وابن فورك، والمرحلة الثالثة يمثلها أبو بكر البيهقي والخطيب البغدادى.\nوقد قرأ علم الكلام على مذهب الأشعرى (^٤) بل قال المعلمى: وإنى والله ما آسى على ابن فورك وإنما آسى على مسحوره البيهقي الذي امتلأ من تهويلات ابن فورك وغيره رعبا فاستسلم لهم وانقاد وراءهم (^٥). ومع ذلك فقد عده ابن تيمية من فضلاء الأشعرية، فقال: أما التميميون كأبى الحسن وابن أبى الفضل وابن رزق اللَّهِ فهم أبعد عن الإثبات وأقرب إلى موافقة غيرهم وألين لهم، ولهذا تتْبعهم الصوفيةُ ويميل إليهم فضلاء الأشعرية كالباقلانى\n_________\n(^١) طبقات الشافعية الكبرى (٤/ ١٠)، سير أعلام النبلاء (١٨/ ١٦٨).\n(^٢) مجموع الفتاوى (٣٢/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٣) طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٤/ ١٢٨\n(^٤) طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٣/ ٣.\n(^٥) التنكيل ١/ ٣٤٥.","vol":"المقدمة","page":46},{"text":"والبيهقي، فإن عقيدة أحمد التي كتبها أبو الفضل هي التي اعتمدها البيهقي مع أن القوم ماشون على السنة (^١).\nوقد عد أهل العلم أن ما وقع في كلامه في كتاب الاعتقاد إنما دخل عليه من كلام المتكلمين وتكلفهم فراج عليه واعتقد صحته.\nوالبيهقي مع توليه للمتكلمين من أصحاب أبى الحسن الأشعرى، فقد ألف كتابه \"الأسماء والصفات\" وروى في هذا الكتاب النصوص المثبتة لصفات اللَّهِ ﷿ بإسناده إلى النبي -ﷺ-، فمثلا قال في كتاب \"الأسماء والصفات\": باب ما جاء في إثبات اليدين صفتين لا من حيث الجارحة؛ لورود الخبر الصادق به. يعني إثبات اليدين لله حقيقة، لا على الوجه الثابت للمخلوق، هذه اليد الجارحة للمخلوق لكن نثبتها حقيقة لله على الوجه اللائق به سبحانه. قال اللَّهِ تعالى: ﴿قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ﴾، وقال: ﴿بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ﴾.\nوذكر الأحاديث الصحاح في هذا الباب، مثل قوله في حديث الشفاعة: \"يا آدمُ أنتَ أبو البَشرِ، خلقكَ اللَّهِ بيدِهِ ونفخَ فيكَ من رُوحِه\". ومثل قوله في الحديث المتفق عليه: \"أنتَ موسى اصطفاكَ اللَّهِ بكلامِه، وخطَّ لك الألواحَ بيدِه\". وفي لفظ: \"وكتبَ لكَ التوراةَ بيدِه\". ومثل ما في صحيح مسلم: \"وغَرسَ كرامةَ أوليائِه في جنَّةِ عَدْنٍ بيدِه\". ومثل قوله - ﷺ -: \"تكونُ الأرضُ يومَ القيامةِ خبزة واحدةً يتكفؤُها الجبارُ بيدِه كما يتكفأُ أحدُكمْ خبزته في السَّفَرِ نُزُلًا لأهلِ الجنةِ\".\n_________\n(^١) مجموع الفتاوى ٦/ ٥٣.","vol":"المقدمة","page":47},{"text":"وذكر أحاديث مثل قوله: \"بِيدِى الأمرُ\"، \" والخيرُ بيدَيْكَ\"، \"والذي نفس محمد بيده\"، و\"إن اللَّه يبسُطُ يدَهُ بالليلِ ليتوبَ مُسئُ النهارِ، يبسُطُ يدَهُ بالنهارِ ليَتوبَ مُسئُ الليل\".\nوقوله: \" المُقسِطونَ عندَ اللَّهِ على مَنابرَ من نُور عن يمينِ الرحمنِ، وكِلتا يديهِ يمينٌ\"، وقوله: \"يَطوِى اللَّهِ السماواتِ يومَ القيامةِ ثم يأخذُهن بيدِه اليُمنى، ثم يقولُ: أنا الملكُ أينَ الجبَّارونَ؟ أين المُتكبِرونَ؛ ثم يَطوِى الأَرضينَ بشِمالِه، ثم يقول: أنا الملكُ، أينَ الجبّارونَ؟ أينَ المُتكبرونُ؟ \" وقوله: \" يَمينُ اللَّهِ مَلأَى لا يَغِيضُها نفقةٌ، سحَّاءُ الليل والنهار، أرأيتم ما أنفق مُنذُ خلقَ السماواتِ والأرضَ، فإنه لم يَغِضْ ما في يمينِه، وعرشُه على الماءِ، وبيدِه الأُخرَى القِسطُ يخفِضُ ويرفَعُ\" وكل هذه الأحاديث في الصحيح.\nوذكر -أيضًا- قوله: \"إن اللَّهِ خلقَ آدمَ، فقال له ويداه مقبوضتان: اخْتَرْ أيَّهما شئتَ. قال: اختَرتُ يمينَ ربِّى، وكِلتا يَدَىْ رِّبى يمينٌ مُباركةٌ\"، وحديث: \"إن اللَّه لمَّا خلقَ آدمَ مسحَ على ظَهْرِه\" مع أحاديث أخر ذكرها من هذا النوع.\nثم قال البيهقي: أما المتقدمون من هذه الأمة فإنهم لم يفسروا ما كتبنا من الآيات والأخبار في هذا الباب.\nوكذلك قال في الاستواء على العرش وسائر الصفات الخبرية مع أنه يحكى قول بعض المتأخرين، يعني قول بعض الذين أولوا هذه الصفات من الأشاعرة بمعنى أنه يخالفهم في تأويل هذه النصوص.","vol":"المقدمة","page":48},{"text":"ويمكن القول بأنه سلك في الاستدلال طريقة السلف، وخالف الأشاعرة في كثير من المسائل عند التطبيق. لكنه أول بعض الصفات على مذهب الأشاعرة المتقدمين، ومع ذلك فقد خالف جمهور الأشاعرة، وهم المتأخرون الذين استقر المذهب على رأيهم، وذلك أنه أثبت كثيرًا من الصفات الواردة في القرآن والسنة؛ كإثبات الوجه والعين واليدين، خلافا لمذهب جمهور الأشاعرة، وأول بعض الصفات، ولهذا نقل في تأويله في بعض هذه الصفات عن بعض أئمة الأشاعرة.\nوكذلك نجد أن البيهقي وافق السلف في جميع ما يتعلق بأسماء اللَّهِ تعالى من طريقة إثباتها، والقول بعدم حصرها، وصلتها بالصفات، فأثبت صفة الفوقية، فقال في قوله تعالى: ﴿مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ﴾ أي فوق السماء على العرش كما نطق به الكتاب والسنة (^١).\nوقد وافق البيهقي السلف فيما أثبته من صفات الذات الخبرية وخالفهم في تأويل ما بقى منها. حيث أثبت اليدين والوجه والعين، وأوّل ما سوى ذلك، لكنه مع ذلك خالف السلف في صفات الفعل الخبرية؛ حيث ذهب إلى تأويل بعضها، وتفويض بعضها الآخر، زاعمًا أن التفويض في ما فوض فيه هو مذهب السلف. ومذهب السلف هو الإثبات الحقيقي لجميع الصفات إثباتًا لا تأويل فيه، ولا تفويض ولا تشبيه.\nوفي صفة الكلام خالف البيهقي السلف في جميع ما ذكره في هذه\n_________\n(^١) الأسماء والصفات ٢/ ٣٣٠.","vol":"المقدمة","page":49},{"text":"الصفة، من القول بأن الكلام نفسى قديم وأنه بدون حرف ولا صوت وأنه معنًى واحد، ورأيه في كلام اللَّهِ تعالى هو عين مذهب أصحابه الأشاعرة (^١).\nواتفق البيهقي مع السلف فيما يتعلق بمسألة الرؤية، من القول بإثباتها للمؤمنين يوم القيامة مستدلًا بحديث الرؤية، إلا أنه خالفهم بنفيه الجهة.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-8>البيهقي وعلم الكلام:</span>\nعاش البيهقي في فترة كانت مسائل الكلام موضوع مناقشات ومناظرات بين علماء الفرق المختلفة، فلم يجد بدًا من أن يدلى بدلوه في هذا المضمار وألف كتبًا حول الإيمان والقدر والرؤية والأسماء والصفات والاعتقاد. وكتابه \"الجامع المصنف في شعب الإيمان\" يختص بمباحث هذا العلم. وكان منهج البيهقي في كتبه هو ما جرى عليه أصحاب الحديث من إثبات الحق بنصوص من القرآن والسنة، ولم يلجأ إلى دلائل العقل والمنطق إلا للرد على معارضى السنة.\nوقد وصفه كثير من المؤرخين بالأصولى (^٢). وهذه الكلمة -كما قال أبو سعد السمعانى (^٣) - تطلق على من اختص بالأصول وهي علم الكلام. وعدَّه شيخ الإِسلام ابن تيمية من فضلاء الأشعرية الذين يمشون على السنة (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البيهقي وموقفه من الإلهيات ص ٥٨، ٢٠٣، ٢٠٤، ٢١١.\n(^٢) راجع: السير ١٨/ ١٦٧، التقييد ١/ ١٤٨، البداية والنهاية ١٢/ ٩٤، طبقات السبكي ٣/ ٣.\n(^٣) راجع: الأنساب ١/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٤) مجموعة فتاوى ابن تيمية ٦/ ٥٣.","vol":"المقدمة","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-9>زهده وورعه:</span>\nلقد كان البيهقي من العلماء العاملين الذين يقتدون بالنبي - ﷺ - ويسيرون على هديه ونهجه وسيرة صحابته، فكان زاهدا ورعا مقلًّا من الدنيا مستغنيا بالقناعة والعفاف كثير العبادة دقيق المراقبة لله ﷿ في جميع أعماله وأقواله.\nقال عبد الغافر: \"كان على سيرة العلماء، قانعا من الدنيا باليسير، متجملا في زهده وورعه\" (^١). قال ابن عساكر: \"وبقى كذلك إلى أن توفي -﵀- بنيسابور\" (^٢).\nوقال الذهبي: \"سرد الصوم ثلاثين سنة\" (^٣).\nوقال ابن خلكان: \"كان زاهدا متقللا من الدنيا بالقليل، كثير العبادة والورع على طريقة السلف\" (^٤). وكذا قال ابن كثير (^٥).\nوقال ابن الأثير: \"كان عفيفا زاهدا\" (^٦).\nوقال القارئ: \"كان له غاية الإنصاف في المناظرة والمباحثة\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) السير ١٨/ ١٦٧، وطبقات الشافعية ٤/ ١٠، وتبيين كذب المفتري ٢٦٦.\n(^٢) شذرات الذهب ٣/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٣) تذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ١١٣٣.\n(^٤) وفيات الأعيان ١/ ٥٨.\n(^٥) البداية والنهاية ١٦/ ٩.\n(^٦) الكامل ٨/ ١٠٤.\n(^٧) مرقاة المفاتيح ١/ ٦٣.","vol":"المقدمة","page":51},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-10>مكانته العلمية وثناء العلماء عليه:</span>\nلقد تبوأ البيهقي مكانة علمية بارزة بين أقرانه بل وعند شيوخه الذين توسموا فيه سمت طالب العلم المجد والعالم الفذ، وقد برع في العلوم المختلفة وخاصة علم الحديث والفقه بما بؤَّأه هذه المكانة الرفيعة والمنزلة العالية بين العلماء، وكان ممن \"اشتغل بالتصنيف بعد أن صار أوحد زمانه وفارس ميدانه وأحذق المحدثين وأحدَّهم ذهنا، وأسرعهم فهما، وأجودهم قريحة، وبلغت تصانيفه ألف جزء ولم يهيأ لأحد مثلها\" (^١).\nفانقطع بقريته مقبلا على الجمع والتأليف، ثم انعقد له مجلس في نيسابور بحضرة علمائها ليُقرأ عليه كتاب \"المعرفة\"، فتكاثر عليه الطلبة وسمعوا منه كتبه وجلبت إلى العراق والشام والنواحى. وقد بلغ المرتبة العليا بين الفقهاء الشافعية وكان أعلم أصحاب الشافعي بمذهبه، وقال عنه الذهبي: \"لو شاء البيهقي أن يعمل لنفسه مذهبا يجتهد فيه لكان قادرا على ذلك لسعة علومه ومعرفته بالاختلاف\" (^٢).\nوقال عنه السمعانى: \"كان إماما فقيها حافظا جمع بين معرفة الحديث وفقهه ... وسمع الحديث الكثير وصنف فيه التصانيف التي لم يسبق إليها وهي مشهورة وموجودة بين أيدى الناس\" (^٣).\nوقال عنه الحافظ عبد الغافر: \"هو الحافظ الأصولي الدَّيِّن الورع، واحد\n_________\n(^١) طبقات الشافعية ٤/ ٩.\n(^٢) سير أعلام النبلاء ١٨/ ١٦٩.\n(^٣) الأنساب ١/ ٤٣٨.","vol":"المقدمة","page":52},{"text":"زمانه في الحفظ وفرد أقرانه في الإتقان والضبط، من كبار أصحاب الحاكم ويزيد على الحاكم بأنواع من العلوم، كتب الحديث وحفظه من صباه وتفقه وبرع ... جمع بين علم الحديث والفقه وبيان علل الحديث ووجه الجمع بين الأحاديث\" (^١).\nوقال عنه السبكي: \"أحد أئمة المسلمين وهداة المؤمنين والدعاة إلى حبل اللهِ المتين، فقيه جليل، حافظ كبير، أصولي نِحرير، زاهد ورع قانت لله، قائم بنصرة المذهب أصولا وفروعا، جبلا من جبال العلم\" (^٢).\nوقال عنه ابن كثير: \"أحد الحفاظ الكبار، كان واحد زمانه في الإتقان والحفظ والفقه والتصنيف، كان فقيها محدثا أصوليا كان زاهدا متقللا من الدنيا كثير العبادة والورع\" (^٣).\nوقال شيخ الإِسلام ابن تيمية: \"البيهقي أعلم أصحاب الشافعي بالحديث وأنصرهم للشافعى\" (^٤).\nوقال السيوطي (^٥): البيهقي الإِمام الحافظ العلامة شيخ خراسان ... صاحب التصانيف .. كتب الحديث وحفظه من صباه، وبرع وأخذ في الأصول، وانفرد بالإتقان والضبط والحفظ .. وبورك له في علمه لحسن قصده وقوة فهمه وحفظه وكان على سيرة العلماء قانعا باليسير.\n_________\n(^١) السير ١٨/ ١٦٧.\n(^٢) طبقات الشافعية (٤/ ٨).\n(^٣) البداية والنهاية (١٦/ ٩).\n(^٤) مجموع الفتاوى (٣٢/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٥) ينظر طبقات الحفاظ ص ٤٣٤.","vol":"المقدمة","page":53},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-11>نتاجه العلمي:</span>\nسبقت الإشارة إلى أن البيهقي انقطع بقريته مقبلا على الجمع والتأليف فبورك له في علمه؛ لحسن قصده وقوة فهمه وحفظه، وعمل كتبا لم يسبق إلى تحريرها، وصنف التصانيف النافعة النظاف مليحة الترتيب والتهذيب كثيرة الفائدة والنفع، يشهد من يراها من العارفين بأنها لم تتهيأ لأحد من السابقين، وبلغت تصانيفه ألف جزء كما قال السبكى (^١).\nوهذه المصنفات تدل على سعة علمه وعلو مكانته ودرجته في الفهم من حيث الشمول وحسن الترتيب وصحة المرويات وجودة الصياغة وسعة المعرفة، بحيث إنه إذا تحدث في باب أو فن استوعبه وجمع كل ما يتعلق به، ثم يخرجه بصورة متكاملة شاملة لما يطلبه الطالب ويرضاه العالم.\nومن هذه المصنفات التي وقفنا عليها:\n١ - \"الآداب\": طبع حديثًا في أربع مجلدات.\n٢ - \"إثبات الرؤية\": مخطوط. ذكره البيهقي في الاعتقاد ص ١٢٨، والذهبى في تذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ١١٣٣، والسير ١٨/ ١٦٦، وينظر بروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٣.\n٣ - \"إثبات عذاب القبر\": طبع في عمان، بتحقيق الدكتور شرف محمود.\n٤ - \"أحكام القرآن\": طبع بمصر بتحقيق عبد الغني عبد الخالق في\n_________\n(^١) طبقات الشافعية (٤/ ٩، ١٠).","vol":"المقدمة","page":54},{"text":"عام ١٣٧١ هـ، ثم أعيد طبعه في بيروت في ١٣٩٥ هـ.\n٥ - \"الأربعون الصغوى\": طبع بتحقيق أبي إسحاق الحويني، دار الكتاب العربى بيروت، ١٤٠٨ هـ.\n٦ - \"الأربعون الكبرى\": مخطوط. ذكره الذهبي في التذكرة ٣/ ١١٣٣.\n٧ - \"الأسماء والصفات\": طبع مرات في الهند، وفي مصر.\n٨ - \"الاعتقاد\": طبع مرات. منها طبعة دار الفضيلة.\n٩ - \"الإيمان\": أشار إليه المؤلف في هذا الكتاب. في ٦/ ٢٧٤، ٥١٧.\n١٠ - \"البعث والنشور\": طبع بتحقيق محمد السعيد بسيونى زغلول ١٩٨٨ م.\n١١ - \"بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي\": طبع بتحقيق الدكتور خليل إبراهيم ملّا خاطر. من مطبوعات الرئاسة العامة لإدارات البحوث العلمية والإفتاء والدعوة والإرشاد بالمملكة العربية السعودية.\n١٢ - \"تخريج أحاديث الأم\": مخطوط. ثلاثة أجزاء منها جزء يوجد بمكتبة شستربيتى بأيرلندا الشمالية تحت رقم ٣٢٨٠، والجزء الثاني موجود بدار الكتب المصرية برقم ٩١١ - حديث، والثالث مفقود.\n١٣ - \"الترغيب والترهيب\": ذكره الذهبي في تذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ١١٣٣، وفي سير أعلام النبلاء ١٨/ ١٦٦.\n١٤ - \"الجامع في الخاتم\": مطبوع بتحقيق عمرو علي عمر، الدار السلفية -بومباى الهند- ١٤٠٧ هـ.","vol":"المقدمة","page":55},{"text":"١٥ - \" الجامع المصنف في شعب الإيمان\": منه طبعة دار الكتب العلمية بتحقيق محمد السعيد بن بسيونى زغلول ١٩٩٠ م، وطبعة الدار السلفية- بومباى الهند ٢٠٠٨ م، تحقيق عبد العلي عبد الحميد حامد.\n١٦ - \"حياة الأنبياء في قبورهم\": طبع في مصر سنة ١٣٤٩ هـ.\n١٧ - \"الخلافيات\": طبع منه ثلاثة مجلدات بتحقيق مشهور بن حسن آل سليمان، دار الصميعى ١٩٩٤ م- ١٤١٤ هـ.\n١٨ - \"الدعوات الصغير\": ذكره حاجى خليفة (^١)، والسبكى (^٢).\n١٩ - \"الدعوات الكبير\": طبع بتحقيق بدر بن عبد اللهِ البدر ١٩٨٩ م- ١٤٠٩ هـ.\n٢٠ - \"دلائل النبوة\": كان الأستاذ السيد أحمد صقر -﵀- بدأ تحقيقه وصدر منه الجزء الأول في عام ١٩٧٠ م، ولكنه لم يتمّه، وصدر أخيرًا في سبعة أجزاء بتحقيق الدكتور عبد المعطى قلعجي.\n٢١ - \"رد الانتقاد على لفظ الإمام الشافعي\": مخطوط. ذكره حاجى خليفة في كشف الظنون ١/ ٨٣٧.\n٢٢ - \"رسالة في حديث الجويبارى (^٣) \": مخطوط.\n_________\n(^١) كشف الظنون ١/ ١٤١٧.\n(^٢) طبقات الشافعية ٤/ ١٠.\n(^٣) لعله: الجويني عندما ألَّف كتاب المحيط، ذكرها السبكي ٥/ ٧٧، وبروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"المقدمة","page":56},{"text":"٢٣ - \"الزهد الكبير\": طبع بتحقيق الدكتور تقي الدين الندوى في الكويت، الطبعة الثانية في ١٩٨٣ م.\n٢٤ - \"السنن الصغرى\": طبع بتحقيق محمد ضياء الرحمن الأعظمى، مكتبة الدار بالمدينة ١٩٨٩ م وغيرها من الطبعات.\n٢٥ - \"السنن الكبير\": الكتاب الذي نحن بصدده وسيأتى الكلام عنه بالتفصيل.\n٢٦ - \"فضائل الأوقات\": طبع بتحقيق عدنان عبد الرحمن القيسى، ونشرفه مكتبة المنارة مكة المكرمة، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n٢٧ - \"فضائل الصحابة\": أشار إليه المؤلف في هذا الكتاب، وذكره الذهبي في السير ١٨/ ١٦٦، ١٦٧.\n٢٨ - \"القدر\": أشار إليه المؤلف في هذا الكتاب، وهو مخطوط.\n٢٩ - \"القراءة خلف الإِمام\": طبع في الهند قديمًا، وطبع أخيرًا في بيروت بتحقيق محمد السعيد بن بسيونى زغلول.\n٣٠ - كتاب \"الإسراء\"، وقيل: \"الأسرى\"، وقيل: \"الأسرار\": ذ كره الذهبي في السير ١٨/ ١٦٦، والسبكى ٤/ ١٠.\n٣١ - \"نصوص الإِمام الشافعي\": ذكره الذهبي ١٨/ ١٦٦ والسبكى ٤/ ٩، وحاجى خليفة ٦/ ١١٣٣٥، ١٣٨٢٣، وبروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٢.\n٣٢ - له رسالة إلى عميد الملك يرجوه فيها أن يوقف الفتنة التي ظهرت في","vol":"المقدمة","page":57},{"text":"أيامه. السبكي ٣/ ٣٩٥، وبروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٣.\n٣٣ - رسالة في \"بيان اختلاف الإِمام أبي حنيفة والإمام الشافعي\": ذكرها بروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٢. ولعلها قطعة من كتاب الخلافيات.\n٣٤ - كتاب في حياة الأنبياء في قبورهم. ذكره السبكي ٣/ ٣٨٥، وابن قاضي شهبة ٢/ ٢٧٢، وبروكلمان ٦/ ٢٣٢.\n٣٥ - \"المبسوط في نصوص الشافعي\": ذكره المصنف في مواضع عدة من كتابه هذا.\n٣٦ - \"المدخل إلى السنن\": طبع بتحقيق الدكتور محمد ضياء الرحمن الأعظمى، الأستاذ بالجامعة الإِسلامية بالمدينة المنورة.\n٣٧ - \"معرفة السنن والآثار\": صدر الجزء الأول منه في عام ١٩٧٠ م، بتحقيق السيد أحمد صقر، ثم نشر كاملًا نشرة باعتناء عبد المعطى قلعه جى، وأخرى باعتناء سيد كسروى حسن.\n٣٨ - \"مناقب أحمد بن حنبل\": لم نعثر على نسخة منه. ذكره الذهبي في التذكرة ٣/ ١١٣٣، والسير ١٨/ ١٦٦، والسبكى ٤/ ١٠.\n٣٩ - \"مناقب الإِمام الشافعي\": طبع في جزءين بتحقيق السيد أحمد صقر.\n٤٠ - \"ترغيب الصلاة\" ذكره حاجى خليفة (١/ ٤٠٠)، ولكنه لم يذكر اسم مؤلفه كاملًا؛ بل قال: \"للإمام أحمد .... البيهقي\". وذكره إسماعيل باشا في هدية العارفين (١/ ٧٨). ضمن مؤلفات البيهقي. لعله هو كتاب","vol":"المقدمة","page":58},{"text":"\"الترغيب والترهيب\" فإن صاحب \"كشف الظنون\" لم يذكره.\n٤١ - \"الزهد الصغير\": ذكره السيوطي في تدريب الراوي ٢/ ٣٦٧.\n٤٢ - \"معالم السنن\": ذكره إسماعيل باشا في \"هدية العارفين\" ١/ ٨٠٩.\nولم أقف عليه في مصادر ترجمته.\nكما ذكر له الدكتور الأعظمى (^١) كتاب \"العيون في الرد على أهل البدع\"، وقال: إن نسخة منه توجد في مكتبة أمبروزيانا في إيطاليا. ولم يذكره أحد ممن ترجم للبيهقي ولم أقف عليه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-12>تلاميذه:</span>\nلقد طلب العلم على يد البيهقي الكثير من الطلاب خاصة في الفترة التي عقد له المجلس في نيسابور وقد أخذ الطلاب علمه وكتبه ونقلوها إلى الأقطار، ومن أبرز تلاميذه:\n١ - ابنه أبو علي إسماعيل بن أحمد بن الحسن البيهقي (٤٢٨ - ٥٠٧ هـ).\n٢ - حفيده أبو الحسن عبيد اللهِ بن محمد بن أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي (٤٤٩ - ٥٢٣ هـ).\n٣ - زاهر بن طاهر أبو القاسم الشحامي.\n٤ - محمد بن الفضل بن أحمد بن محمد، أبو عبد اللهِ الفراوي.\n_________\n(^١) المدخل ص ٦٢.","vol":"المقدمة","page":59},{"text":"٥ - عبد الجبار بن محمد بن أحمد، أبو محمد الخواري البيهقي (٤٤٥ - ٥٣٦ هـ).\n٦ - أبو زكريا يحيى بن عبد الوهاب بن محمد بن إسحاق بن منده الأصبهانيُّ (٤٣٤ - ١١ هـ).\n٧ - محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد بن الحسين بن القاسم أبو المعالى الفارسي النيسابوري (٤٤٨ - ٥٣٩ هـ).\n٨ - عبد الجبار بن عبد الوهاب بن عبد اللهِ بن محمد الدهان النيسابوري.\n٩ - الحسين بن أحمد بن علي بن حسن بن فطيمة أبو عبد اللهِ القاضي الخسروجردي (٥٣٦ هـ).\n١٠ - أبو المظفر عبد المنعم بن أبي القاسم عبد الكريم القشيري (٤٤٥ - ٥٣٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-13>وفاته:</span>\nتذكر المصادر أنه توفي في عاشر شهر جمادى الأولى سنة ثمانٍ وخمسين وأربعمائة بمدينة نيسابور، حيث كان مجلسه العلمي، فغسل وكفن وعمل له تابوت، فنقل ودفن ببيهق حيث مولده في خسروجرد، ودفن بها، وقد عاش أربعًا وسبعين سنة. ﵀ وأجزل له المثوبة.","vol":"المقدمة","page":60},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-14>السنن الكبير</span>\nاختار البيهقي ﵀ المذهب الشافعي عن اقتناع ودراية بغيره من المذاهب وبعد تمحيص ودراسة ومقارنة وتحقيق، ولذلك فقد أعطاه غاية اهتمامه وجل جهده، فجمع نصوص الإِمام الشافعي أولًا وصنف لها مصنفا مستقلا، ثم جرد نفسه لشرح أقواله وتبيين آرائه وتأييدها بكل ما ملك من علوم ومعرفة، دون أن يدفعه ذلك إلى التعصب الأعمى الذي لا يرى إلا نصرة مذهبه والغض من غيره، بل سلك مسلكا وسطا معتدلا، فهو شافعي عن اقتناع، وبذل الجهد في نصرة مذهبه، وهو أيضًا يَعرف لغير الشافعية قدرهم وعلمهم واجتهادهم.\nوالبيهقي حين اقتنع بأحقية هذا المذهب بأن يتبعه، فإنه لم يقف عند هذا بل بذل الجهد الكبير في خدمته بما تحصل له من أحاديث رسول اللهِ - ﷺ -، فعرضها ورتبها، فيما يمثل نقاشا بين المذهب الشافعي وبين غيره، ولكن مادة هذا النقاش وأداته هي النص النبوى الشريف. وقد ظل البيهقي يجمع كتابه ويؤلف أبوابه، ويمليه على تلاميذه، نحوًا من سبع وعشرين سنة (٤٠٥ - ٤٣٢ هـ). ويبدو أن البيهقي ظل يدرس هذا الكتاب؛ فيمليه أحيانًا، ويُقرأ عليه أحيانًا أخرى طوال حياته، يدلنا على ذلك أنه قد يحيل في ثناياه إلى بعض الكتب التي ألفها بعد ذلك، فقد حال مثلًا إلى كتابى \"الخلافيات\"، و\"المعرفة\"، كما حال إلى كتاب \"الدعوات\"، وكتاب \"الأسماء والصفات\"، وكتاب \"دلائل النبوة\".","vol":"المقدمة","page":61},{"text":"وكانت درة العقد في هذا الجهد كتاب \"السنن الكبير\"، والذي قال عنه الذهبي: ليس لأحد مثله. وجعله أحد أربعة من أمهات كتب الشريعة هي أساس العلم وعدة العالم؛ وهي: السنن الكبير للبيهقي، والمغنى لابن قدامة، والمحلى لابن حزم، والتمهيد لابن عبد البر. قال: فمن حصل هذه الدواوين، وكان من أذكياء المفتين، وأدمن المطالعة فيها، فهو العالم حقا (^١).\nقال الإِمام الذهبي: ولو شاء البيهقي أن يعمل لنفسه مذهبًا يجتهد فيه لكان قادرًا على ذلك، لسعة علومه، ومعرفته بالاختلاف، أما السنن الكبير فما صنف في علم الحديث مثله تهذيبًا وترتيبًا وجودة.\nولابد أن نشير هنا إلى أن الكتاب وقد طبع من قبل باسم \"السنن الكبرى\" وعرف بذلك واشتهر، لكن لما دققنا في الصحيح من ذلك وجدنا أن نسخه الخطية تكاد تجمع على تسميته \"السنن الكبير\" وبخاصة نسخة الأصل التي هي نسخة أبي عمرو بن الصلاح وبقراءته وتصحيحه. وكذلك العلماء الذين ترجموا للبيهقي وذكروا مصنفاته، فقد أوردوه إلا القليل جدًّا باسم \"السنن الكبير\"، فكان الأصوب أن نسمى الكتاب باسمه الصواب وهو \"كتاب السنن الكبير\".\n_________\n(^١) السير (١٨/ ١٦٦، ١٩٣).","vol":"المقدمة","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-15>منهج البيهقي في \"كتاب السنن الكبير</span>\":\nنستطيع القول بأن \"كتاب السنن الكبير\" ليس مجرد مدونة حديثية -وإن كان من أكبر مدونات الحديث- لكنه مع ذلك حديثُ متفقهٍ، فالقضية الفقهية والحكم الذي يستنبط من الحديث مسألة حاضرة في كل صفحة من الكتاب.\nوالبيهقي وهو يقدم هذا الجهد الحديثى العظيم، والصنعة الحديثية الفائقة، والنفس الطويل في الدراسة والتحليل، الذي تعامل به مع الروايات والطرق والألفاظ، كل ذلكم كان بروح الباحث، الذي يبين ويؤكد نتيجة توصل إليها من بحث طويل، هي رجحان مذهب الشافعي الفقهى على غيره من المذاهب.\nونجده في هذا يسير على طريقة البخاري ﵀، في إبراز فقهه في تراجمه وسياق الأحاديث كالحجج لها، وكما فعل الطحاوي في تصنيفاته الحديثية حيث يورد الأحاديث ويوجهها بما يؤيد مذهب أصحابه الحنفية.\nومن أجل ذلك فإن أول ما نلحظه في ترتيبه للكتاب هو أنه رتبه على أبواب الفقه كما رتبها المزنى في \"مختصره\"، ولعل السر في ذلك يرجع إلى ما ناله هذا المختصر من شهرة واسعة في المذهب الشافعي، ولإعجاب البيهقي به رتب أكثر من كتاب من كتبه على ترتيبه، حتى كتابه \"نصوص الشافعي\"، فقد رتبه أيضًا ترتيب \"المختصر\".\nوقد قسم الكتاب إلى كتب كلية مثل كتاب الطهارة، ... ثم قسم الكتاب إلى وحدات أصغر منه وهي مجموعات الأبواب المتعلقة","vol":"المقدمة","page":63},{"text":"بحكم واحد وسماها (جماع أبواب)، وهي وحدة جامعة للعديد من الأبواب الفرعية فيقول مثلًا (جماع أبواب ما يوجب الغسل)، ثم يدرج تحتها الأحكام التفصيلية على شكل أبواب يذكر فيها ما يدل على الحكم الذي ترجم به الباب.\nوتراجم البيهقي هي المسائل الفقهية، والأحاديث التي تندرج تحتها هي الأدلة عليها، كقوله مثلًا: باب: الدليل على أن تارك الصلاة يكفر كفرًا يباح به دمه، ولا يخرج به عن الإيمان. وقوله باب: ما يستدل به على وجوب ذكر النبي - ﷺ - في الخطبة.\nوتأتى التراجم معبرة عن اختيار البيهقي ورأيه، كقوله باب: ترك الوضوء بما مست النار. وقوله: باب التوضؤ من لحوم الإبل. وقوله: باب من كره صوم الدهر واستحب القصد في العبادة لمن يخاف الضعف على نفسه، فهذا القيد في الترجمة: لمن يخاف الضعف على نفسه. دليل واضح على توجيهه لأحاديث الباب وفهمه لها. وهو يصدر الباب بالآيات القرآنية التي يرى لها تعلقا بالمسألة وما يستنبط منها من استنباطات جليلة للصحابة فمن بعدهم، يسوقها كلها بأسانيده إليهم.\nولم يكتف البيهقي بإيراد الأدلة لمذهب الشافعي، بل يذكر ما يستدل به أصحاب المذاهب الأخرى فإننا نجده يترجم لها، كقوله مثلًا: باب من قال لا يقرأ خلف الإِمام على الإطلاق، ثم يقول: باب من قال يقرأ خلف الإِمام فيما يجهر فيه بالقراءة بفاتحة الكتاب وفيما يسر فيه بفاتحة الكتاب فصاعدًا،","vol":"المقدمة","page":64},{"text":"وهو أصح الأقوال على السنة وأحوطها.\nوقد جعل كتابه مستوعبًا لأحاديث الأحكام من أخبار وآثار بمختلف درجاتها مع التمييز بينها.\nومن منهجه أيضًا تكرار الأحاديث حسب ما يمكن أن يستنبط منها، ولعله في هذا التكرار يشبه البخاري، وقد زاد هذا التكرار من حجم الكتاب، فجاء في مائتى جزء حديثى كما يقول البيهقي نفسه. وقد يكرر البيهقي الحديث لفائدة فقهية تعرض له في الباب، أو لعلوّ في الإسناد، فإن منهجه قائم أساسًا على الاستدلال، فلا يخرج النص في الباب إلا لمقصد استدلالى يهدف من ورائه إلى هدف ما. ولم يكن البيهقي يكتفى بموضع الاستشهاد في الحديث دائمًا، بل كان كثيرا ما يذكره بأكمله.\nوامتاز \"السنن الكبير\" بأنه جمع بين علم الحديث والفقه وبيان علل الحديث ووجه الجمع بين الأحاديث.\nونستطيع أن نستخلص أهم ما يتميز به الكتاب من نواحٍ عدة؛ فمن ناحية الإسناد نجد أن أهم ما يميزه أنه لا يخرج فيه حديثًا أو أثرًا أو حكاية أو شعرًا أو تعديلا أو تخريجا إلا بالإسناد.\nثم نجد اهتمامه بتعدد الأسانيد والطرق، فهو قد يورد عن الراوي الواحد أكثر من رواية؛ مرة بالانقطاع ومرة بالوصل، أو مرة بالوقف وأخرى بالرفع.\nولم يخل البيهقي كتابه من فائدة عظيمة هي بيان حال الرواة الذين","vol":"المقدمة","page":65},{"text":"يرى فيهم ما يضعف روايتهم، سواء من رأيه هو فيهم أو بنقل أقوال أئمة هذا الشأن.\nومن ناحية المتن يمتاز عن غيره بإيراد الحديث الذي رواه غيره مختصرًا أو مجملا فيورده البيهقي مطولًا أو مفسرا.\nويذكر البيهقي أقوال الصحابة والتابعين، وقد اهتم بذكر آرائهم اهتمامًا واسعًا يجعل الكتاب من أهم مصادر أقوالهم، ويذكر أحيانًا أقوال فقهاء الأمصار وآراء نقاد الحديث وأقوال اللغويين ومناظرات العلماء.\nومن الأمور التي لاحظنا البيهقي يلتزمها عزو الأخبار إلى الصحيحين وغيرهما من كتب السنة، وهذا العزو إنما يعني وجود أجل الخبر فيها، وقد يختلف بعض الاختلاف في لفظه مع سياقة البيهقي.\nفالبيهقي إذا عزا الحديث لواحد من الصحيحين فإنما يعزو أجل الحديث لا ألفاظه (^١).\nإلا إنه قد وقع في أحيان قليلة أن يعزو الخبر إلى \"الصحيحين\" معًا، وهو في أحدهما فقط، ومن ذلك حديث أبي هريرة - ﵁ -: \"تعس عبد الدينار والدرهم\". قالَ: أخرجه البخاري ومسلم؛ البخاري عن يحيى بن يوسف، ومسلم عن مسلم بن سلام (^٢). والصواب أنه في البخاري فقط (^٣). يقول\n_________\n(^١) فتح المغيث ١/ ٢٢، ٢٣.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢١١٩٠).\n(^٣) صحيح البخاري ٢/ ١٥١، بحاشية السندى، من باب الجهاد.","vol":"المقدمة","page":66},{"text":"الماردينى: \"أما مسلم فلم يخرجه، بل ولا يوجد في شيوخ مسلم من يدعى مسلم بن سلام، بل ولا في شيوخ الجماعة\" (^١).\nومن ذلك حديث أبي هريرة عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"المدينة حرام ما بين عير إلى ثور\". فقد قال المصنف: أخرجه البخاري ومسلم في \"الصحيح\" من حديث زائدة وغيره عن الأعمش.\nولم نجده بهذا الإسناد عند البخاري وهو عند مسلم وحده (^٢).\nوقد يعزو الخبر إلى أحد \"الصحيحين\"، مع أنه فيهما معًا، ومن ذلك حديث أبي هريرة - ﵁ - أن رسول اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صلاة في مسجدى هذا خير من ألف صلاة فيما سواه إلا المسجد الحرام\". قال البيهقي: رواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بن يوسف عن مالك. ولم يشر إلى تخريج مسلم له (^٣)، ولكنه في موضع آخر عزاه إليهما، وهذا صحيح (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-16>نقده للأخبار:</span>\nوأما نقده للأخبار فأمر متأصل في أعماله كلها، فقد يحكم على بعضها موجهًا حكمه إلى السند؛ وهو في ذلك قد يكتفى بالحكم على الراوي في دون ذكر السبب، ودون أن يعزوه إلى أحد من النقاد السابقين، فالظاهر أن هذا الحكم من اجتهاد البيهقي نفسه، وأحيانًا يعزو الرأى لقائله، وممن نقل\n_________\n(^١) الجوهر النقي ٥/ ١٩٦.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٠٠٤٦).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٢٠١٦٣).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٠٣٧١).","vol":"المقدمة","page":67},{"text":"عنهم آراءهم: الشافعي، وأبو حنيفة، وأحمد بن حنبل، ومالك، وشعبة، ويحيى بن معين، وعلي بن المدينى، والحميدى، والبخاري، وأبو حاتم، وأبو عيسى الترمذي، وأبو داود السجستانى، وأبو عبد الرحمن النسائي، وأبو أحمد بن عدي، ومحمد بن المنكدر، والدارقطني، وشيخه الحاكم أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظ، ولكنه يكثر من نقل آراء الدارقطني وأبى حاتم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-17>منزلة السنن الكبير بين السنن</span>\nيمكن اعتبار \"كتاب السنن الكبير\" في الرتبة التالية للصحيحين، ومع كتب السنن الأربع، لو أخذنا باعتبار شرط المصنف، ولو أخذنا باعتبار الصحة والشهرة لأخرناه إلى المرتبة الثالثة بعد الصحيحين والسنن، أما لو أخذنا باعتبار تجريد الأحاديث المرفوعة أو ذكر غيرها معها، لرتبناه في المرتبة الأخيرة مع موطأ مالك.\nولو أردنا أن نعقد موازنة بين كتب السنن (أبي داود، وجامع الترمذي، وسنن -أو مجتبى- النسائي، وسنن ابن ماجه، وسنن -أو مسند- الدارمي، وسنن الدارقطني) وبين \"كتاب السنن الكبير\"، من حيث شروطها وترتيب أبوابها وتراجمها، والأحاديث المنتقدة على كل منها، فسنجد أن شرط البيهقي تشبه شروط أصحاب السنن من إخراج الصحيح والحسن، فإن أخرجوا غيرهما نبهوا إليه.\nومن حيث الترتيب، فقد سار البيهقي على منوال ترتيب أبي داود والترمذي والنسائي والدارقطني في البدء بكتب العبادات. وكما ذكرنا من أنه","vol":"المقدمة","page":68},{"text":"رتب كتاب السنن كترتيب مختصر المزنى في الفقه الشافعي، وهو يبدأ بالطهارة من أبواب العبادات.\nومن حيث تراجم الأبواب، فإن البيهقي يكثر جدًّا من وضع التراجم؛ حيث يضع لكل مسألة ترجمة خاصة، وهو في هذا يشبه النسائي، بحيث يمكن أن نقول: إن تراجمه أشبه بمتون الفقه، ولكنه يكثر من ذكر ما تحتويه الترجمة من الأحاديث والأخبار غالبًا، كما أن تراجم البيهقي تعبر عن رأيه الذي هو رأي الشافعية في أكثر المواضع، وهو في هذا الموقف يشبه الدارقطني إلى حد كبير، وإن كان أكثر منه ذكرًا للتراجم، وأكثر ذكرًا لما تحويه من الأحاديث والأخبار.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-18>المصنفات والدراسات حول السنن الكبير</span>\nحظى كتاب السنن الكبير بعناية العلماء أكثر من أي كتاب آخر من كتب البيهقي، فقد تناولوه بالنقد والمعارضة، والتهذيب والاختصار، والانتقاء من زوائده، والاختيار منه، وغير ذلك من الدراسات، ومن هذه الكتب:\n١ - فوائد المنتقى من زوائد البيهقي، لأحمد بن أبي بكر البوصيرى (ت: ٧٤٠ هـ):\nعمد البوصيرى إلى الروايات التي ليست في الصحيحين ولا السنن الأربعة، وهي التي تعرف بالزوائد. فانتقى بعضها، ثم ذكر لكل حديث شواهد، وميز بين نص البيهقي وما يأتى به هو بقوله: \"قلت\".\nويذكر مع كل خبر إسناده كما أورده البيهقي مع ذكر رأيه في رجال","vol":"المقدمة","page":69},{"text":"الأسانيد التي يذكرها.\nويوجد من هذا الكتاب نسخة بدار الكتب المصرية من ثلاثة أجزاء، الموجود منها الجزء الثاني والثالث تحت رقم ٣٥٧ حديث، ويبدأ الثاني بأبواب كتاب الزكاة، وينتهى بآخر أبواب الرجعة، ويقع في ٢٣٢ ورقة. أما الثالث فيبدأ بأبواب كتاب الطلاق وينتهي بآخر (عدة أم الولد إذا توفي عنها سيدها)، ويقع في ٢١٨ ورقة.\n٢ - المهذب في اختصار السنن الكبير، لشمس الدين الذهبي (ت: ٧٤٨ هـ):\nوضح الذهبي نهجه في هذا الكتاب في مقدمته فقال: لم أختصر متون الأحاديث، بل اختصرت أسانيدها، وأبقيت من السند ما يعرف به مخرج الحديث ... فأما متونها فأثبتها إلا في مواضع قليلة من المكرر، أحذفها إذا قرب الباب من الباب، وآتى ببعض المتن، وقد تكلمت على كثير من الأسانيد بحسب اجتهادي، والله الموفق، وقد رمزت على الحديث بمن خرجه من الأئمة الستة ... ولم أتمم هذا العمل، فإن فسح الله في الأجل طالعت عليه الأطراف لشيخنا أبي الحجاج الحافظ إن شاء الله تعالى، وهذا أمر هين، كل من هو محدث يقدر أخذ أحاديث الكتاب من الأطراف، قوما خرج عن الكتب الستة فقد بينت لك إسناده ومخرجه، فاكشف عنه -إن شئت- من كتب الجرح والتعديل.\nوأهم ما في كتاب الذهبي هو حكمه على الأسانيد، والذهبي يضع على الرجال رموزًا لمن خرج لهم، ويحكم عليهم، فمثلًا: نقل عن البيهقي","vol":"المقدمة","page":70},{"text":" (مالك عن أبي الزناد ... ووضع فوق مالك) خ. م، أي أخرج له البخاري ومسلم. ومن حكمه على الرجال أن البيهقي حكم -مثلًا- على يحيى بن هاشم بأنه متروك، وقال الذهبي: بل كذاب. وقد رأينا أن من تمام الفائدة أن نذكر كلام الذهبي في الحاشية بقولنا: قال الذهبي. والكتاب مطبوع كاملًا بتحقيق دار المشكاة للبحث العلمي، طبعة دار الوطن.\n٣ - الجوهر النقي في الود على البيهقي، لابن التركمانى (ت: ٧٥٠ هـ):\nوهو علي بن عثمان بن مصطفى الماردينى الأصل، علاء الدين ابن التركمانى الحنفي، ولد سنة ٦٨٣ هـ، وتوفي في المحرم سنة ٧٥٠ هـ (^١).\nوقد بين غرضه من هذا الكتاب بقوله: هذه فوائد علقتها على السنن الكبرى للبيهقي، أكثرها اعتراضات عليه ومباحث معه.\nوقد اتجهت هذه الانتقادات وجهات مختلفة، كنقده له في الرجال، والحكم على الأخبار، واستنباط الأحكام الفقهية من الأحاديث والتراجم، ومدى مناسبتها لما تحويه من أحاديث، وأصول الفقه، وعزو الأخبار إلى الصحيحين، وتتبعات لغوية. ففى الرجال، كانت أغلب الانتقادات التي وجهها الماردينى إلى البيهقي في أنه قد جرح بعض رواة يرى الماردينى أنهم ثقات، أووثقه البيهقي فجرحه الماردينى، أو يسكت عنه البيهقي يشعر بثقته، فيجرحه الماردينى، أو يسكت عنه في باب ويجرحه في باب آخر، أو\n_________\n(^١) الدرر الكامنة ٣/ ١٥٦، ١٥٧.","vol":"المقدمة","page":71},{"text":"يجرحه البيهقي بصيغ مختلفة، فيتعقبه. وكذلك تعقبه في مواضع عدة في حكمه على الأخبار.\nوأما نقده له في استنباط الحكم من الحديث فمظاهره كثيرة، ولعلها ترجع إلى الاختلاف بين مذهبيهما؛ فالبيهقي شافعى، بينما المادرينى حنفى. وأما نقده له في التراجم ومدى مناسبتها لما تحتويه من أخبار وآثار، فقد كنا نتوقعه بسبب اختلاف وجهات النظر حول ما يمكن أن يفهم أو يستنبط من المادة العلمية المذكورة تحت الترجمة، وقد تكون المناسبة بعيدة عن الترجمة والمادة العلمية، فينتقده الماردينى بأنه بعيد المناسبة. كما انتقد في بعض المواضع قصور الترجمة وعدم دقتها.\nوانتقده كذلك لمخالفته -من وجهة نظره- أصول الفقه، كالاستدلال بمفهوم اللقب، وتسمية العام مطلقًا، والاستدلال بمفهومى الغاية والشرط معًا والاستدلال بالقراءات الشاذة، رغم أن الاستدلال بها يتفق مع أصول مذهب المارديني، ولكنه يختلف مع أصول مذهب البيهقي.\nومن هذه الأصول، جعله فعل الرسول - ﷺ - يفيد الوجوب مطلقًا، والاستدلال بفعل الصحابة، مع أنه بذلك يخالف الجديد من مذهب الشافعي.\nومن العجب أن يوجه الماردينى النقد إلى لغة البيهقي أو لغة الشافعي عندما يرتضيها البيهقي.\nوبالطبع فإن الكثرة الكاثرة من انتقادات وتعقبات الماردينى مردود عليه","vol":"المقدمة","page":72},{"text":"فيها. والكتاب مطبوع مع السنن الكبير طبعة الهند.\n٤ - وقد اختصره أيضًا إبراهيم بن علي المعروف بابن عبد الحق الدمشقي (ت ٧٤٤ هـ) في خمسة مجلدات، واختصره عبد الوهاب بن عبد الوهاب بن أحمد الشعرانى (ت ٩٧٤ هـ)، ولم يعثر على مختصريهما.\n- ومنها أيضًا الدر النقى من كلام الإِمام البيهقي في الرجال، قام بها حسين بن قاسم تاجحي الكلدارى، طبعة دار الفتح- الشارقة.\n- ومنها الدراسة القيمة التي قام بها الأستاذ الدكتور أحمد يوسف سليمان في كتابه (أبو بكر البيهقي وجهوده في خدمة الحديث النبوى).","vol":"المقدمة","page":73},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-19>وصف النسخ الخطية</span>\n- وقد يسر الله لهذا العمل عددًا من النسخ الخطية المتميزة التي أسهمت في إخراج العمل في صورة علمية محققة:\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-20>أولًا: نسخة المصنف:</span>\nوهي نسخه نفيسة محفوظة بدار الكتب المصرية برقم ٢٦٧ حديث. لا يوجد منها إلا الجزء الأخير من الكتاب، ويشتمل على الأجزاء ١٨٩ - ٢٠٢ من تجزئة المصنف، ويقع في ٣٩٢ ورقة من القطع الكبير، غير منتظم الأسطر فبعضها مكتوب بعرض الصفحة، وبعضها مكتوب بطولها، وربما أكمل الكلام في الحاشية، وبعض الأسطر مضروب عليها وهو أشبه بمسودة للمجالس التي أملى فيها الكتاب.\nكتب على الورقة الأولى منها:\nمجلدة من سنن الإِمام الحافظ \"أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي\" بخطه - ﵁ - رواية عبد الجبار بن محمد الجوادى عنه، رواية عبد الله بن عمر الصفار عنه. وتحته بقية الروايات.\nوقد أثبت في صفحتها الأولى وعقب كل جزء منها سماعات كثيرة بتواريخ مختلفة أقدمها في شهر ذى القعدة سنة ٤٤٥ هـ، وكتب بالصفحة الأولى: أول الجزء \"التاسع والثمانون بعد المائة\".\nأولها: باب لا يقضي وهو غضبان.\nوآخرها: نهاية باب الخلاف في أمهات الأولاد.","vol":"المقدمة","page":74},{"text":"وكتب في آخره في بداية السماعات: سمعت جميع هذا الكتاب في أربعة عشرة مجلدة هذه آخرها على الشيخ الإِمام ...\nثم كُتب: الحمد لله، في سنة ٤٥٨ توفي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن على البيهقي مؤلف هذا الكتاب، إمام في الحديث والفقه ...\nوقد رمزنا لهذه النسخة بـ (نسخة المصنف).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-21>ثانيًا: نسخة الشيخ أبي عمرو بن الصلاح:</span>\nوهي نسخة كاملة محفوظة بجامع الروضة باليمن، تقع في عشر مجلدات لا ينقص منها سوى الجزء الثاني، وهي نسخة في غاية الدقة والإتقان والتحقيق، وعليها تعليقات ابن الصلاح وتصحيحاته، وعلى هوامشها محاضر مقابلة ومجالس سماع لسائر الكتاب. ومقابلات على عدة نسخ للكتاب أشار إليها برموز (خ، ر، ص، وأصل المصنف) وقد أشرنا إلى هذه الفروق ولم نهمل منها شيئًا.\n\nإن أفضل ما يتم عمل التحقيق به هو أن يتوفر للمحقق من النسخ الخطية ما يسهل له الوصول إلى أصح صورة للنص، خاصة نسخة كتبها المصنف أو أملاها أو قرئت عليه أو صححها، بما نسميه نسخة المصنف. ونحن بعد البحث لم يتيسر لنا إلا جزء واحد بخط المصنف، ثم هذه النسخة التي قد قدمت لنا خدمة جليلة في إتمام عملنا التحقيقى؛ إذ أثبت عليها الحافظ ابن الصلاح مقابلات على نسخة المصنف التي كتبها بيده، فوفرت لنا صورة عن نسخة المصنف، وبينت ما فيها من ملاحظات وضبط، ونستطيع أن نتبين من خلال ما نقله ابن الصلاح، أن المصنف قد راجع نسخته فحذف وأضاف","vol":"المقدمة","page":75},{"text":"وضبط وقيد.\nوقد أفدنا من هذا غاية الافادة، وراعينا أن نسير على ما صححه المصنف في نسخته، لنقدم النص في صورته التي نراها أقرب إلى التي ارتضاها المصنف.\nوكما أفدنا من كل ما وجدناه من فوائد لابن الصلاح على نسخته، فإننا أفدنا بالأولى من كل ما علقه ابن الصلاح على نسخته مبينًا أنه بخط المصنف في ضبط الكلمات التي فيها أكثر من وجه، والأسماء التي اختلفت فيها النسخ. وبينا ما ضرب عليه من بعض الأسانيد أو الطرق وغير ذلك في الحاشية، ولولا الإطالة لما تركنا من ذلك شيئًا.\nوكذلك فقد كانت تصويبات ابن الصلاح خير معين لنا في حل كثير من مشكلات النص، وكم من المواضع التي كنا نقف أمامها في حيرة؛ فالنسخ الأخرى مجمعة على كلمة نراها خطأ واضحًا في اللغة، والأمانة العلمية تمنع من تغييرها، فلما يسر الله هذه النسخة وجدنا فيها ما أراحنا.\nوكذلك فقد أن لنا هذه النسخة خدمة عظيمة بإثباتها لضبط امتازت به، هو ضبط كثير من الكلمات المشكلة، إلا اليسير بما تأكد لنا أنه على خلاف ما ضبط، ونبهنا إلى ما ضبطه في الحاشية، وسيجد القارئ توضيح ما ذكرنا على مدار أجزاء الكتاب.\nوعلى العموم فقد اجتهدنا أن تكون نسختنا هذه صورة صادقة لهذه النسخة القيمة.","vol":"المقدمة","page":76},{"text":"وقد جعلناها أصلًا لعملنا في تحقيق الكتاب وأشرنا لها بالرمز (الأصل).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-22>الجزء الأول:</span>\nمحفوظ في معهد المخطوطات بجامعة الدول العربية برقم (٩٥ يمن شمالى)، وعليه خاتم المكتبة المتوكلية العامة بالجامعة العمومية لكتب الوقف في جامع صنعاء المحلية. وهو جزء غاية في الدقة والضبط، نقل من نسخة الإِمام ابن الصلاح، وعليه تعليقاته وتصويباته، والمقابلات والسماعات، وتم مقابلته بالأصل المنسوخ منه، فصار غاية في الدقة.\nويبدأ بأول الكتاب، وينتهي في أثناء: باب من قال: هي الصبح.\nكتب بقلم نسخى جيد، ويقع في ٢٣٢ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٧ سطرا.\nمكتوب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه:\n\"الجزء الأول من كتاب السنن الكبير على ترتيب مختصر أبي إبراهيم إسماعيل بن يحيى المزنى رحمه الله تعالى تأليف الإِمام أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي الحافظ ﵀\".\nوكتب تحته:\n\"رواية أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي ﵀، عنه. رواية الشيخ الزكى أبي القاسم منصور بن أبي","vol":"المقدمة","page":77},{"text":"المعالى عبد المنعم بن أبي البركات عبد الله بن أبي عبد الله محمد بن الفضل الفراوى الصاعدى ﵀، عنه. سماع العبد الفقير إلى الله ﵎ عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان منه ورواية عنه. نفعه الله به وبسائر العلوم آمين. وأخبره به غير واحد من شيوخه ... عن أبي القاسم زاهر بن طاهر المستملى الشحامى، قال: أخبرنا به البيهقي رحمه الله تعالى.\nثم إلى جواره:\n\"نقلت هذا السند من خط راويه الإِمام تقي الدين عثمان ابن عبد الرحمن الشهير بابن الصلاح في أجل نسخته نفع الله به\".\nوكُتب فوق العنوان تَمَلُّك نصه: \"مِن كُتب الفقير إلى الله الغنيِّ، محمد بن أبي بكر بن الخياط عفا الله عنه بمنه\".\nثم وَقْف إلى يسار العنوان نصه: \"مِن كُتب الوقف الموضوعة بمكتبة الجامع الكبير بصنعاء بأمر مولانا أمير المؤمنين المتوكل على الله رب العالمين أيده الله، لتاريخه شهر ربيع الثاني ١٣٥٥\". ووضع خاتم المكتبة بأعلى الورقة.\nوبأسفل الورقة: \"نقلت من خط الإِمام الحافظ أبي عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن الشهير بابن الصلاح، على ظهر نسخته التي علقت منها هذه النسخة وعورضت بها ما نصه: عارض به وبسائر الكتاب صاحبه عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان نفعه الله بالعلم وجعله من أئمته، وأتقن تصحيحه حتى صار أصلًا عزيز النظير، بارك الله العظيم فيه له وللمسلمين أجمعين","vol":"المقدمة","page":78},{"text":"آمين آمين آمين انتهى.\nوكذلك عارضت بهذه المجلدة نسخة الإِمام أبي عمرو المذكورة وصححته وطرزته ولم أدع بما تضمنته نسخة الشيخ أبي عمرو شيئًا من الحواشى والنسخ، فما كان نقله من خطه علمت عليه بكذا (ع)، وربما أفصحت بذكر اسمه، وما كان بخط غيره إن عرفته صرحت باسمه وإلا نبهت على أنه من غير خطه -أعني ابن الصلاح- وما كان مقيدا بوجهين فما هو لا من خطه إلا ما نبّهت عليه وكذلك ما كان فيه (كذا) نفسها على وقوع ذلك اللفظ على الوجه المكتوب فهو من خطه، إلا موضعا في أوائل هذا الجزء، ولم آل جهدا في تتبع ما يحتاج إلى معرفته ولم أقيد من غيره في المشكلة المحتاجة إلى التقييد إلا ما وجدته بخطه فرقمت الموضع. وفي التأكد أكرر ضبط ما سبق ضبطه بخطه. وقابلت أيضًا الحواشى وكل ما نقلته في الهوامش فالأصل المذكور. وانتهى ذلك في ثالث عشر شعبان سنة ٨٢٥ بمدينة تعز حرسها الله وسكانيها ونفع بذلك وجعله خالصا، بارك فيه لي وللمسلمين. وكتب الفقير محمد بن أبي بكر بن محمد بن صالح الشهير. بابن الخياط عفا الله تعالى عنه ولطفه ورحم والديه ورضى عن أشياخه في الدين، والحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله على نبينا محمد\".\nأوله: \"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم رب أعن ويسر، أخبرنا الشيخ الأصيل الجليل المسدد ذو الكنى أبو بكر أبو الفتح أبو القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم ... كتاب الطهارة باب التطهر بماء البحر\".","vol":"المقدمة","page":79},{"text":"وآخره: \"آخر الجزء العشرين من أجل الحافظ ﵀ يتلوه في الذي يليه إن شاء الله وهو المجلد الثاني جماع أبواب استقبال القبلة\".\nثم: \"تم الجزء الأول من كتاب السنن الكبير على مختصر أبي إبراهيم إسماعيل بن يحيى المزنى ﵀. عارضنى بهذه النسخة وهي المجلد من عشرة أجزاء على نسختى الصحيحة بصحيح الإِمام تقى الدين ابن الصلاح ....\nنسخت هذه عليها وكتب سليمان بن القاسم بن ... عفا الله عنه وصلى الله على ....\nواتفق الفراغ من زبره يوم الثلاثاء سابع ربيع الأول سنة تسع عشرة وثمانمائة غفر الله لكاتبه ومالكه ولمن نظر إليه، ختم الله لمالكه ولكاتبه بخير آمين. وصلى الله على رسوله سيدنا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم تسليما.\nثم خاتم المكتبة المتوكلية.\nثم كتب في أسفل الورقة: \"قال الإِمام أبو عمرو عثمان بن الصلاح فيما نقلته من خط محمد بن محمد ... بن الصفار الإسفراييني إحداهما بنيسابور .... هذا الكتاب عن خطه ما نصه: سمعت ... على الشيخ المزكى العدل الأصيل صلاح الدين أبي الفتح منصور بن أبي المعالى الفراوى ثم النيسابوري جميع كتاب السنن الكبير للبيهقي رحمه الله تعالى بحق سماعه له من أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل الفارسي بروايته عن المؤلف في مجالس آخرها في ذى القعدة من سنة سبع وستمائة بنيسابور وكان ذلك بعضه","vol":"المقدمة","page":80},{"text":"بقراءتي وبعضه بقراءة قاضي بَغْشور بدر الدين أما من أول الكتاب إلى كتاب النفقات خلا يسيرا قد سمعته بقراءة من .... لنا فإني سمعته بقراءاتي أما من كتاب النفقات إلى آخر الكتاب عدا قليلًا سمعته بقراءاتي هو من باب يُشترط عليهم ألا يحدثوا في أمصار المسلمين كنيسة، إلى باب الأضحية سنة .... عنه بقراءته هذا نصه حرفا بحرت كما قرأته بخط ابن الصفار المذكور. بخطه أيضًا عن خط ابن الصلاح ما نصه: في آخر نسخة الشيخ ابن الصلاح من كتاب السنن الكبير من أوله إلى آخره ... على جماعة ما نصه: سمع بقراءاته عبيد الله: عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان بن موسى بن أبي نصر من أول الكتاب إلى آخره باب صلاة النافلة جماعة ونقلت آخر هذا المنتخب على ابن الفراوى بسنده من نسخة صحيحة بنيسابور أبو محمد عبد الله بن عيسى بن عبد الله بن أبي حبيب الأندلسى واعتنى بها ... \".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-23>الجزء الثالث:</span>\nمحفوظ في مكتبة الأحقاف باليمن برقم ٥٤١ الريم- مجموعة آل يحيى.\nويقع في ٢١٤ ورقة من القطع الكبير، ومسطرته ٣٣ سطرًا.\nيبدأ بباب: الترغيب في قيام آخر الليل.\nوينتهي بباب: ما يستحب من اتساع القبر وإعماقه.\nوكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منها:","vol":"المقدمة","page":81},{"text":"الجزء الثالث من كتاب السنن الكبير تأليف الفقيه الحافظ الكبير أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي - ﵁ - رواية الشيخ الجليل أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي النيسابوري رحمه الله تعالى آمين. وفي أسفل الصفحة بعض التملكات.\nوأولها: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم رب يسر وسهل وأعن ... باب الترغيب في قيام آخر الليل.\nواخرها: آخر الجزء الحادى والستين من أجزاء الحافظ الصابر أبي عساكر. ومن آخر الأصل .... ومن آخر المجلد الثالث من هذه النسخة ويتلوه في الرابع منها باب تسوية القبور وتسطيحها ..\nوكتب في حاشية الورقة الأخيرة:\nقال في الأم: وجد في الأصل المقابل عليه بخط الإِمام تقى الدين بن الصلاح ﵀ ما هذا صورته: بلغ .. جمع الجامع حرس في الحادى والعشرين ولله الحمد وكتبه عثمان بن عبد الرحمن المسمع عفا الله عنه. هذا لفظه من خطه ﵀.\nوقال في آخره: قال في المنقول عنه: قال في الأم: قوبل هذا الجزء وصحح وضبط وحشى على أصله المنسوخ منه وهو أجل ... تقى الدين أبي عمرو عثمان بن الصلاح نفع الله به ورحمه حرفًا بحرف من غير زيادة ولا نقصان، والحمد لله، وانتهى ذلك يوم الأحد تاسع ربيع ... أحد شهور سنة ٧٨٦ هجرية، وقال في صورة ما وجد على ورقة الجزء الثالث من كتاب","vol":"المقدمة","page":82},{"text":"السنن الكبير للبيهقي من نسخة الإِمام تقى الدين بن الصلاح، والحمد لله على كل حال.\nثم مجالس السماع للجزء وتقع في خمس ورقات.\nوكتبت بخط نسخى واضح سنة ١١٧٢ هـ، وكتبت بعض الكلمات بالحمرة، وبها آثار أرضة وتمزقات.\nوهي مع ذلك من أجود النسخ المعتمد عليها حيث إنها نسخت من نسخة قوبلت على نسخة أبي عمرو ابن الصلاح، وهي نسخة ممتازة نادرة الخطأ، وبحاشيتها أشياء منقولة من خط المصنف، ولا يعيبها سوى كثرة خروقها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-24>الجزء الرابع:</span>\nوهو جزء محفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٣.\nكتب بخط نسخى جيد، ويقع الجزء في ٢٥٨ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nيبدأ بباب: تسوية القبور وتسطيحها من كتاب الجنائز.\nوينتهي بباب: من أحرم بها من التنعيم من كتاب الحج.\nوأوله: \"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم رب أعن بفضلك، أخبرنا الشيخ الزكى المزكى أبو بكر ... باب تسوية القبور\".\nوآخره: \"آخر الجزء الثمانين من أجل الحافظ الصا ... ﵀ وهو","vol":"المقدمة","page":83},{"text":"آخر المجلد الرابع من هذه النسخة يتلوه في الخامس منها الجزء الحادى والثمانون أوله جماع أبواب الاختيار في إفراد الحج والتمتع بالعمرة إن شاء الله تعالى وحده، والحمد لله رب العالمين حق حمده، وصلواته على سيدنا محمد وآله وصحبه\".\nوعلى وجه الورقة الأولى منه: \"الرابع من كتاب السنن الكبير تأليف الفقيه الحافظ الكبير أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي - ﵁ - رواية الشيخ الجليل أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي النيسابوري والشيخ الأصيل أبي القاسم زاهر بن طاهر المستملى النيسابوري رحمهما الله، عنه رواية الشيخ الزكى المزكى أبي القاسم منصور بن أبي المعالى عبد المنعم بن عبد الله بن الإِمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن الفضل الفراوى الصاعدى ﵀ عن أبي المعالى الفارسي، سماع العبد الفقير عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان المعروف بابن الصلاح عن أبي القاسم منصور وروايته إذنا عن غير واحد من أشياخه عن أبي القاسم زاهر بن طاهر ﵏ ونفعه به وبالعلم آمين، رواية الإِمام أبي اليمن عبد الصمد بن عبد الوهاب بن عساكر عن ابن الصلاح، رواية الشيخ الإِمام الفقيه رضي الدين إبراهيم بن محمد الطبري والشيخ الإِمام سمعان بن أحمد بن أبي الخير بن منصور السماحى كلاهما عنه رواية شيخنا الإِمام أبي الحسن على ابن أبي بكر بن محمد بن شداد ووالدى الإِمام برهان بن إبراهيم بن عمر العلوي كلاهما عنه رواية العبد الفقير إلى الله العلى سليمان بن إبراهيم","vol":"المقدمة","page":84},{"text":"العلوي لطف الله به وبهما. والشيخ إبراهيم الطبري المذكور عنده إجازة ابن الصلاح. قاله كاتبه ابن الخياط غفر الله ذنبه\".\nكتب فوقه: \"ملك الفقير إلى الله الغنى سليمان إبراهيم العلوي ... \".\nوعلى جانب الورقة: \"هذه نسخة الإِمام \" أبو\" عمر عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان بن الصلاح ﵀\".\nوفي آخره: \"سمع جميع هذه المجلدة من السنن الكبير وهي المجلدة الرابعة من هذه النسخة على صاحبها ومالكها الشيخ الإِمام العالم الحافظ الزاهد الورع شيخ المشايخ وقدوة العلماء تقي الدين أبي عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان عرف بابن الصلاح - ﵁ - بحق روايته فيه السادة الفقهاء .... \".\nوكتب عددا كبيرا من العلماء والطلاب ومن حضروا مجالس سماع المخطوط، ويقع ذلك في اثنى عشرة ورقة.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-25>الجزء الخامس:</span>\nوهو جزء محفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٤.\nكتب بخط نسخى معتاد، ويقع في ٢٦٠ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nيبدأ: بجماع أبواب الاختيار في إفراد الحج والتمتع.\nوينتهي: بباب السهولة والسماحة في الشراء والبيع.","vol":"المقدمة","page":85},{"text":"كتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: \"الخامس من السنن الكبير تأليف الإِمام الحافظ الكبير أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي - ﵁ -، رواية الشيخ أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي النيسابوري ﵀، عنه رواية الشيخ الزكي أبي القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم بن عبد الله ابن الإِمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن الفضل الفراوى النيسابوري، عنه ﵀ سماع العبد الفقير عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان بن موسى بن أبي نصر عفا الله عنه بمنه وأنبأه به غير واحد عن أبي القاسم زاهر بن طاهر عن الحافظ أبي بكر البيهقي - ﵁ -، بالله تعالى نستعين عبد اللطيف بن محمد بن مدين ومحمد بن محمد أبي اليسر المالكي وهو سماعه من الحافظ أبي الحجاج المزي\".\nوكتب إلى جانبه: \"وعارض بأصله هنا وصححه وقيد مشكله وحشاه بفوائد. نفعه الله به وغيره آمين آمين\". وكتب فوقه: \"وقف لله تعالى على طلبة العلم في مدرسة الأشرفية بمحروس مدينة تعز المحمية\".\nوتحته كلام غير واضح.\nأوله: \"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم عونك يا رب، أقرأنا الشيخ الأصيل أبو القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم بن عبد الله الفراوى ... جماع أبواب الاختيار في إفراد الحج\".\nوآخره: \"آخر الجزء المائة من الأصل وهو آخر المجلد الخامس من","vol":"المقدمة","page":86},{"text":"هذه النسخة، يتلوه في السادس منها الجزء الحادى بعد المائة أوله باب تجارة الوصى والحمد لله رب العالمين\".\nثم مجالس للسماعات وتقع في عشر ورقات.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-26>الجزء السادس:</span>\nمحفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٥.\nكتب بقلم نسخى معتاد، ويقع في ٢٧١ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nيبدأ بباب: تجارة الوصي بمال اليتيم وإقراضه.\nوينتهي في أثناء باب: إعطاء الفئ على الديوان ومن تقع به البداية.\nكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: \"السفر السادس من كتاب السنن الكبير تأليف الفقيه الحافظ الكبير أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي الخسروجردي البيهقي - ﵁ - رواية أبي المعالى محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي وأبى القاسم زاهر بن طاهر المستملي النيسابوري رحمهما الله، عنه رواية الشيخ الزكى أبي القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم بن عبد الله بن الإِمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن الفضل الصاعدى الفراوى ﵀ عن أبي المعالى الفارسي ﵀، سماع العبد الفقير إلى الله عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان الشهرزورى الموصلي، منه، عفا الله عنه وعنهم، وروايته كتابة وإذنا عن أشياخ له منهم أبو القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم الفراوي عن زاهر بن","vol":"المقدمة","page":87},{"text":"طاهر عن الإِمام أبي بكر البيهقي - ﵁ -\".\nوكتب فوقه: \"معارض ومصحح ... \".\nوفوقه وقف المدرسة الأشرفية.\nوأوله: (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، رب أعن برحمتك، أخبرنا الشيخ الزكي أبو القاسم منصور ... باب تجارة الوصي بمال اليتيم\".\nوآخره: \"آخر المجلد السادس من هذه النسخة يتلوه السابع منها، وأما زهرة فإنه كان أخا لقصي بن كلاب ومن أولاده من العشرة عبد الرحمن بن عوف وسعد بن أبي وقاص، إن شاء الله تعالى، والحمد لله رب العالمين حق حمده والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد النبي وآله وصحبه.\nوفي أسفل الورقة السماعات والمجالس. وتقع في ثمان ورقات.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-27>الجزء السابع:</span>\nمحفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٦.\nكتب بخط نسخى جيد، ويقع في ٣١٦ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٥ سطرا.\nيبدأ في أثناء باب: إعطاء الفئ على الديوان ومن تقع به البداية.\nوينتهي في أثناء باب: نفقه الأبوين.\nكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: \"السابع من السنن الكبير تأليف الإِمام العلم المفرد الأستاذ الجهبذ الفريد أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي","vol":"المقدمة","page":88},{"text":"البيهقي الخسروجردي، ودونه الفقير إلى الله تعالى محمد بن محمد بن أبي اليسر المالكي وهو سماعه من الحافظ أبي الحجاج المزي رواية الإِمام زاهر بن طاهر بن زاهر الشحامي، عنه رواية الشيخ الإِمام تقي الدين أبي عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن الصلاح عن غير واحد عن الشحامي، عنه، رواية الإِمام أبي النمر عبد الصمد بن عبد الوهاب ابن عساكر، عنه رواية الشيخ الإِمام رضي الدين إبراهيم بن أبي بكر الطبري عن ابن الصلاح وعن ابن عساكر، رواية والدى الفقيه برهان بن إبراهيم بن عمر العلوي وشيخي .... ابن علي بن أبي بكر بن شداد كلاهما عنه إجازة رواية مالكه ..... العبد الفقير إلى الله العلى سليمان بن إبراهيم العلوي إجازة عنهما ﵀.\nوأوله: \"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم أخبرنا الشيخ الزكي أبو القاسم منصور بن عبد المنعم بن عبد الله الفراوى ... وأما زهرة فإنه كان أخا لقصي بن كلاب ومن أولاده من العشرة عبد الرحمن بن عوف وسعد بن أبي وقاص\".\nوآخره: \"تم المجلد السابع من السنن بحمد الله وحسن توفيقه ويتلوه إن شاء الله في الذي يليه، وروى عن مطرف عن الحكم عن إبراهيم عن شريح عن عائشة عن النبي - ﷺ - وليس بمحفوظ. كتبه الفقير إلى رحمة الله ورضوانه محمود بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي الجن الحسيني غفر الله له ولوالديه ولجميع المسلمين آمين رب العالمين، ووفق الفراغ من نسخه عشية يوم السبت سادس عشر ذى الحجة سنة خمس وتسعين خمس مائة.","vol":"المقدمة","page":89},{"text":"والحمد لله وحده وصلواته على سيدنا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم تسليما\".\nثم مجالس السماع وتقع في خمس ورقات.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-28>الجزء الثامن:</span>\nمحفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٧.\nكتب بخط نسخى معتاد، ويقع في ٢١٨ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nوهو مبتور من أوله ومن آخره.\nيبدأ الموجود منه في أثناء باب: إيجاب القصاص على القاتل دون غيره من كتاب الجنايات.\nوينتهي في أثناء باب: ما جاء في عدد حد الخمر من كتاب الحدود.\nوليس فيه ورقة غلاف.\nأوله: \"الحافظ حدَّثنا أبو العباس هو الأصم حدَّثنا الربيع بن سليمان حدَّثنا عبد اللَّهِ بن محمد بن المغيرة\".\nوآخره: \"باب ما جاء في عدد حد الخمر: حدَّثنا أبو بكر محمد بن الحسن بن فورك أنبأ عبد اللَّهِ بن جعفر بن أحمد بن فارس ثنا يونس بن حبيب ثنا أبو داود ثنا عبد العزيز بن المختار عن عبد اللَّهِ بن فيروز عن حضين أبي ساسان الرقاشى قال حضرت عثمان بن عفان - ﵁ - وأتى بالوليد بن عقبة قد شرب\".","vol":"المقدمة","page":90},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-29>الجزء التاسع:</span>\nمحفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٨.\nكتب بخط نسخى معتاد، ويقع في ٢٨٩ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nيبدأ بأول كتاب السير: باب مبتدأ الخلق.\nوينتهي بباب: ما جاء فيمن مر بحائط إنسان أوماشيته.\nكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: \"الجزء التاسع من كتاب السنن الكبير على ترتيب مختصر أبي إبراهيم إسماعيل بن يحيى المزني ﵀، تأليف الإِمام أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي الحافظ عنه رواية الشيخ أبي المعالى ... \" نفس الإسناد الذي في الأجزاء السابقة.\nوفي أسفل الورقة بعض السماعات.\nأوله: \"أخبرنا الشيخ زاهر بن طاهر بن زاهر الشحامي قال: بسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم وصلى اللَّه على سيدنا محمد وآله وسلم. أخبرنا الإِمام الحافظ أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي ﵀ قال: كتاب السير\".\nوآخره: \"آخر الجزء الثاني والثمانين بعد المائة من أجل الحافظ الصابر ﵀ وهو آخر المجلد التاسع من هذه النسخة ويتلوه في العاشر منها الجزء الثالث والثمانون بعد المائة، أوله: باب ما يحل للمضطر من مال","vol":"المقدمة","page":91},{"text":"الغير. والحمد لله حق حمده\".\nثم السماعات ومجالس الإملاء وتقع في خمس ورقات.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-30>الجزء العاشر:</span>\nمحفوظ بمسجد الروضة في صنعاء تحت رقم ٣٦٩.\nكتب بخط نسخي معتاد. ويقع في ٢٧١ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرا.\nيبدأ بباب: ما يحل للمضطر من مال الغير.\nوينتهي بآخر الكتاب.\nمكتوب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: وقف المدرسة الأشرفية. وطمس منها عنوان الجزء، والإسناد الذي في الأجزاء السابقة، وفي أسفله سماعات متعددة للكتاب كاملا.\nأوله: \"بسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم رب يسر بفضلك أخبرنا .... باب ما يحل للمضطر من مال الغير\".\nوآخره: \"آخر كتاب السنن الكبير. قال الإِمام أحمد المصنف ﵀: فرغت منه بحمد اللَّه ومنه يوم الاثنين الثاني عشر من جمادى الآخرة سنة اثنتين وثلاثين وأربع مائة. والحمد لله رب العالمين حق حمده والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد وآله وحسبنا اللَّه ونعم الوكيل. نسخة الفقير إلى رحمة اللَّه تعالى وعفوه عبد الجليل بن عبد الجبار بن عبد الواسع","vol":"المقدمة","page":92},{"text":"الأبهري عفا اللَّه عنه وغفر له ولوالديه ولجميع المسلمين، لسيدنا وشيخنا الإِمام الأصيل العالم الفقيه الحافظ تقي الدين شيخ الإِسلام مفتى ...... سيد الأئمة صدر الحفاظ أبي عمرو بن عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن الصلاح الشافعي أمده اللَّه بطاعته وأثابه الجنة برحمته ومتع المسلمين بحياته بفضله ورحمته. وكان الفراغ منه بكرة يوم الخميس ثانى شهر ربيع الأول سنة ثلاث وثلاثين وستمائة\".\nثم تحته وبخط ابن الصلاح نفسه -وأكد ذلك ناسخ نسخة المكتبة المتوكلية العامه في آخرها: نقلت من خط العلامة الحافظ أبي عمرو تقي الدين بن الصلاح: \"بلغ سماع الجماعة بدار الحديث الأشرفية رحم اللَّه واقفها وعرض هذه النسخة على الإتقان من أولها إلى آخرها بأصلين أحدهما أصل الحافظ أبي القاسم علي بن الحسن المعروف بابن عساكر ﵀ الجديد المقابل وفيه روايته للكتاب كله عن أبي القاسم زاهر بن طاهر الشحامي عن مصنفه، ورواية ولده أبي محمد القاسم عن زاهر وأبى المعالي محمد بن إسماعيل الفارسي إجازة عن المصنف، وهو أصل معتمد، وعلامة ما كان منه في هذه النسخة: صلى اللَّه عليه وآله. والثاني أصل أبي المواهب الحسن ابن هبة اللَّه ابن صَصْرِى وفيه سماعه على الحافظ أبي القاسم وذكر معارضته إياه، لا أدرى: أبأصل الحافظ أو بأصل أصله. وعلامة ما كان منه في هذه النسخة (خ ر) وكان الفراغ من سماعهم للكتاب مني ومن عرض هذه النسخة يوم الاثنين الثامن عشر من شهر ربيع الأول سنة","vol":"المقدمة","page":93},{"text":"خمس وثلاثين وستمائة بدمشق حرسها اللَّه وسائر بلاد الإسلام وأهله -وهذا خط عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان المعروف بابن الصلاح غفر اللَّه له ولهم آمين آمين.\nثم مجالس السماع وتقع في ثلاث ورقات.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-31>ثالثًا: أجزاء مجموعة من دار الكتب المصرية:</span>\nوهي أجزاء من نسخ متفرقة يجتمع منها أغلب الكتاب:\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-32>الأول:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٥٨ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم: ١٤٥٢٤ وهو الجزء الأول من الكتاب، ويقع في ٢٦٧ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٥ سيطرًا.\nوقد كتب بخط نسخى جيد، وهو جزء ردئ، كثير الأخطاء، وبه سقط في مواضع متعددة.\nوكتب على الورقة الأولى منه: وهي الأولى من كتاب السنن الكبرى للبيهقي - ﵁ -.\nمحضر من سيدنا الحسين في مارس ١٨٧٦.\nيبدأ من أول الكتاب وينتهي بآخر باب: من قال الوسطى صلاة الصبح.\nوآخره: فأمره بالمحافظة على هاتين الصلاتين بتعجيلهما في أوائل وقتيهما. وبالله التوفيق. يتلوه جماع أبواب استقبال القبلة. الحمد لله رب","vol":"المقدمة","page":94},{"text":"العالمين ... ثم ذكر سماعات هذه المجلدة، وذكر أن هذه السماعات وغيرها في النسخة المقروء منها وهي نسخة محمد بن الكرخي.\nوعلى الصحفة الأخيرة ختم \"الكتبخانة الخديوية\" ختم يوسف بن سليمان ١٣١٧.\nورمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (أ).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-33>الثاني:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٦٤ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم: ١٢٦١٩، وهو الجزء الأول من الكتاب أيضًا، ويقع في ١٤٢ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرًا.\nوقد كتب بخط نسخي واضح، وهو جزء متوسط من حيث الجودة.\nويبدأ من أول الكتاب وينتهي بباب: غسل الإناء من ولوغ الكلب سبع مرات.\nوكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى: الجزء الأول من كتاب السنن الكبير على ترتيب مختصر أبي إبراهيم المزني تأليف الإِمام الحافظ أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي.\nوتحته وقف باسم السلطان المالك الملك الأشرف بتاريخ ثامن شهر رمضان من ٨٣٤، ولعل هذا هو تاريخ النسخ.\nوأوله: بسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم، على اللَّه التوكل، أخبرنا الشيخ الفقيه","vol":"المقدمة","page":95},{"text":"الحافظ المتقين أبو عمرو عثمان ...\nوآخره: الجزء الأول من السنن الكبير للبيهقي ﵀، ويليه الجزء الثاني بمشيئة اللَّه: باب إدخال التراب في إحدى غسلاته.\nورمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ب).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-34>الثالث:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٧٢١ حديث وهو الجزء الأول من الكتاب ومعه جلدة الجزء الثاني.\nويقع في ٣٥٤ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٥ سطرًا.\nكتب بخط نسخي واضح جيد، وهو جزء جيد قليل الأخطاء، وناسخه أحمد بن شاكر المصري الشافعي.\nعلى الورقة الأولى: المجلدة الثانية من السنن الكبير وهو مبتور من أوله يبدأ بـ: حدَّثنا محمد بن سليمان بن فارس. من باب المنع من الانتفاع بشعر الميتة، من كتاب الطهارة.\nوأوله: نا محمد بن سليمان بن فارس نا محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري ...\nوآخره: آخر المجلدة الأولى والله أعلم. ويتلوه إن شاء اللَّه في الذي يليه باب: كيف قراءة المصلي.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (د).","vol":"المقدمة","page":96},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-35>الرابع:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٦١٩ حديث.\nمعروض ومقروء على الحافظ المزي، وهو الجزء الثاني من الكتاب، ويقع في ٢٨٤ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، مسطرته ٢٣ سطرًا.\nكتب بخط نسخى واضح جيد، وعناوين أبوابه مشكولة، وكتب بالحاشية في مواضع متفرقة منها: بلغ مقابلة وسماعًا على شيخنا أبي الحجاج المزي، مما يوحى بتقدم تاريخ نسخه.\nوكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى: الجزء الثاني من السنن الكبرى للبيهقي.\nوفي الأسفل وقف النسخة.\nأوله: باب تحويل القبلة عن بيت المقدس.\nوآخره: نهاية باب ذكر البيان أن هذا النهي مخصوص ببعض الصلوات.\nوكتب في آخرها: آخر المجلد الثاني من كتاب السنن الكبير، ويتلوه في الذي يليه: باب ذكر البيان بأن هذا النهي مخصوص ببعض الأمكنة.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ص ١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-36>الخامس:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٦٥ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم ١٤٥٤٩.\nوهو الجزء الرابع من الكتاب، ويقع في ١٢٠ ورقة من القطع","vol":"المقدمة","page":97},{"text":"المتوسط، مسطرته ٢٥ سطرًا، كتب بخط معتاد، وعلى وجه الورقة الأولى منه وقف على السلطان الملك الأشرف بتاريخ ٨٣٧ بنفس خط الناسخ.\nوكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى: الجزء الرابع من السنن.\nأوله: باب وجوب التحلل من الصلاة بالتسليم.\nوآخره: باب من قام إلى الصلاة إذا أقيمت وقد أخذ حاجته من الطعام.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ص ٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-37>السادس:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٥٤ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم ١٢٢٠٣، ١٤٥٣٠.\nوهذه القطعة في ٧٣١ ورقة من القطع الكبير، ومسطرته ٢٩ سطرًا.\nوهي قطعة جيدة بخط نسخي واضح، نسخ عبد الوهاب بن أحمد الشعراني. وتشتمل هذه القطعة على الأجزاء الثالث والرابع والخامس من الكتاب. وعلى وجه الورقة الأولى من الجزء الثالث أنه أحضر من سيدنا الحسين في مارس سنة ١٨٧٦ وأضيف في مايو سنة ١٨٧٦، وعلى الجزء الرابع تملك يرجع تاريخه إلى ١١٧٤ هـ.\nيبدأ الجزء الثالث بباب: ترك الجماعة بعذر المرض والخوف.\nوينتهي بآخر باب: إخراج زكاة الفطر عن نفسه. وعدد أوراقه ٢٧٩ ورقة.","vol":"المقدمة","page":98},{"text":"وكتب في آخره: تم الجزء الثالث بحمد اللَّه وعونه ... يتلوه الجزء الرابع إن شاء اللَّه تعالى: باب: من قال لا يؤدى عن مكاتبه.\nوقد رمزنا لها بالرمز (ص ٣).\nويبدأ الجزء الرابع بباب: من قال لا يؤدى عن مكاتبه.\nوينتهي بآخر باب: لا يفدى المحرم إلا ما يؤكل لحمه. وعدد أوراقه ٢٤٦ ورقة.\nوكتب في آخره: يتلوه في الذي يليه: باب كراهية قتل النملة.\nوقد رمزنا لها بالرمز (ص ٤).\nويبدأ الجزء الخامس بباب: كراهية قتل النملة.\nوينتهي بباب: من قال لا يحكم بإسلام الصبي بنفسه وأبواه كافوان.\nوعدد أوراقه ٢٠٦ ورقة.\nوقد رمزنا له بالرمز (ص ٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-38>السابع:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٥٥ حديث.\nوهو الجزء السادس من الكتاب، ويقع في ٢٣٤ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، مسطرته ٢٥ سطرًا.\nوهو جيد ومشكول، كتب بخط نسخي واضح، وأبوابه مكتوبة باللون الأحمر.","vol":"المقدمة","page":99},{"text":"كتب على وجه الورقة الأولى: الجزء السادس من سنن البيهقي الكبير.\nوفي الأسفل وقف النسخة.\nأوله: باب تجارة الوصي بمال اليتيم.\nوآخره: آخر باب الفقير أو المسكين له كسب ..\nوكتب في آخره: تم الجزء السادس من السنن الكبرى للإمام البيهقي رحمه اللَّه تعالى آمين، ويتلوه الجزء السابع: باب من طلب الصدقة بالمسكنة أو الفقر.\nوقد رمزنا له بالرمز (ص ٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-39>الثامن:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٨١٣ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم: ٣٤٧٤٦.\nوهو جزء مبتور من أوله وآخره، ولعله الجزء السابع من الكتاب.\nويقع في ٢٤٥ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، مسطرته ٢١ سطرًا.\nكتب بخط نسخي واضح، وكتب على الورقة الأولى: محضر من كتبخانة جامع الأشرف في صيف .... مارس سنة.\nيبدأ من قوله: أبو أسامة عن إدريس. وهو من باب: لم يكن له أن يتعلم شعرًا ولا يكتب.\nوآخره: حدَّثنا محمد بن مسلم الطائفي، حدثني عمرو بن دينار، من باب: من قال الذي بيده عقدة النكاح الولي.","vol":"المقدمة","page":100},{"text":"وقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ص ٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-40>التاسع:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٦٥ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم: ١٤٥٤٨، ١٥٩٨٦.\nويشتمل على الجزء السابع والثامن، ويقع في ٤٤٨ ورقة من القطع الكبير، مسطرة الجزء السابع ٢٣ سطرًا، والثامن ٢٥ سطرًا.\nوقد كتب على ورقة العنوان في كل منهما: وقف باسم السلطان الملك الأشرف بخط محمد بن نصر الحنفي. وتاريخ وقف الجزء السابع شهر رمضان سنة ٨٣٤ هـ.\nيبدأ الجزء السابع: بباب: الرخصة فيما يوطأ من الصور ..\nوآخره: آخر باب المكره على الردة.\nوكتب في آخره: آخر المجلد، يليه كتاب الحدود.\nوأول الجزء الثامن: كتاب الحدود.\nوينتهي بآخر باب: إظهار دين النبي - ﷺ - على الأديان.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ص ٨).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-41>العاشر:</span>\nمحفوظ برقم ٢٥٧ حديث، الميكروفيلم رقم: ١٢٢٥٤.\nوهو الجزء العاشر من الكتاب، ويقع في ٢٨٩ ورقة من القطع المتوسط، ومسطرته ٢٥ سطرًا.","vol":"المقدمة","page":101},{"text":"وقد كتب بخط نسخي واضح، وكتب على وجه الورقة الأولى منه: المجلد الأخير من سنن البيهقي، وتحته وقف النسخة.\nوأوله يقابل كتاب السير.\nوآخر الموجود منه يقابل باب إظهار دين النبي على الأديان.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء بالرمز (ص ٩).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-42>رابعًا: نسخة المكتبة الزاهدية - باكستان</span>، لصاحبها الشيخ بديع الدين الراشدي السندي.\nوتقع في عشر مجلدات، وهي الوحيدة التي وقعت لنا كاملة، وهي دون المتوسط من حيث جودتها، حيث تكثر فيها الأخطاء النسخية والسقط، ويختلف ذلك باختلاف الأجزاء قلة وكثرة.\nوقد رمزنا لها بالرمز (س).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-43>المجلد الأول:</span>\nيقع في ٢٣٩ ورقة، ومسطرته ٢٣ سطرًا، وبعضها ٢١ سطرً، وتم نسخه في أوائل شهر المحرم سنة ١٣١٩ هـ.\nوكتب بأكثر من خط، وأوله من بداية الكتاب، وآخره يطابق آخر الجزء الأول من المطبوعة.\nوكتب على جلدته: الجزء الأول من كتاب السنن الكبير على ترتيب مختصر أبي إبراهيم المزني. تأليف الإِمام الحافظ أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين","vol":"المقدمة","page":102},{"text":"ابن علي البيهقي.\nوكتب في آخره: يتلوه إن شاء اللَّه تعالى: جماع أبواب استقبال القبلة.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-44>المجلد الثاني:</span>\nيقع في ٤٤١ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢٢ سطرًا، وقد كتب بخط واضح مقروء.\nوأوله: باب تحويل القبلة من بيت المقدس إلى الكعبة.\nوآخره: كان عمر بن الخطاب يروحنا في رمضان، ما باب ما روى في عدد ركعات القيام في رمضان، من، كتاب الصلاة.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-45>المجلد الثالث:</span>\nيقع في ٢٣٨ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢٢ سطرًا، وبعض أوراقه مسطرتها ٢٩ سطرًا، وتم نسخه سنة ١٣٣٥ هـ.\nوأوله: باب ذكر من رواها ركعتين.\nوآخره: آخر باب المحرم يموت.\n\nوكتب في آخره: ويليه<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-46> المجلد الرابع </span>وأوله باب: لا يتبع الميت بنار.\nالمجلد الرابع:\nيقع في ١١٠ ورقة، مسطرتها ٣٠ سطرًا، وتم نسخه سنة ١٣٣٥ هـ.\nوكتب بخط واضح مقروء، وبه طمس كثير وبعض المواضع أوراقها مبتورة.","vol":"المقدمة","page":103},{"text":"وأوله: باب لا يتبع الميت بنار.\nوآخره: أخبرنا أبو الحسين بن بشران ابنا أبو علي إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار ثنا يحيى بن أبي طالب ابنا علي بن عاصم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-47>المجلد الخامس:</span>\nيقع في ١٥٨ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢٧ سطرًا، وبعض أوراقه مسطرتها ٢١ سطرًا.\nوكتب بأكثر من خط واضح مقروء، وبه طمس وبتر في مواضع كثيرة.\nوأوله: باب فرض شهر رمضان، من كتاب الصوم.\nوآخره: عن عطاء عن جابر قال: قال رسول اللَّهﷺ - ... من باب الحرم كله منحر. من كتاب الحج.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-48>المجلد السادس:</span>\nيقع في ١٧١ ورقة، مسطرتها ٣٣ سطرًا، وتم مقابلته بنسخة السيد محمد بن زين العابدين الحيدرآبادى ضحية يوم الخميس ٢٨ رمضان المبارك سنة ١٣٣٥ هـ.\nوكتب بخط واضح مقروء، وبه طمس وبتر في مواضع متفرقة.\nوأوله: باب تجارة الوصي بمال اليتيم.\nوآخره يقابل ٦/ ٣٧٢ من المطبوعة.\nوكتب في آخره: تم المجلد السادس من كتاب السنن الكبير للبيهقي","vol":"المقدمة","page":104},{"text":"رحمه اللَّه تعالى، ويتلوه<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-49> المجلد السابع </span>وأوله كتاب قسم الصدقات.\nالمجلد السابع:\nيقع في ١٩٥ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢٦ سطرًا، وقد كتب بخط واضح مقروء، وقد خلا من الطمس والقطع.\nوأوله: كتاب قسم الصدقات.\nوآخره: إنما يعني بذلك النفقة والمنذر بن زياد ضعيف. وهو آخر الجزء السابع من المطبوعة، وفي آخره: قد تم المجلد السابع من السنن الكبير للحافظ البيهقي رحمه اللَّه تعالى، ويتلوه<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-50> المجلد الثا من </span>أوله: باب من أحق منهما بحسن الصحبة.\n\nالمجلد الثامن:\nيقع في ١٢٥ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢٦ سطرًا، وبعض أوراقه مسطرتها ٣٣ سطرًا، وبه طمس وقطع في مواضع متفرقة.\nوأوله: باب من أحق منهما بحسن الصحبة.\nوآخره: فلما أصبح ركب وركب المسلمون، من باب قتل النساء والصبيان في التبييت، من كتاب السير. وهو يقابل ٩/ ٨٠ من المطبوعة.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-51>المجلد التاسع:</span>\nيقع في ٢٠٣ ورقة، كل ورقة وجهان، مسطرتها ٢٣ سطرًا.\nوكتب بخط واضح مقروء، وتم الفراغ من نسخها في شهر رجب سنة","vol":"المقدمة","page":105},{"text":"١٣٣٩ هـ بحيدر آباد، وناسخه هو أبو محمد زين العابدين بن الشيخ محمد زكي الدين الكردي الشاه آبادى، وقد نسخه من نسخة محمد سعيد المدراسي المنسوخة عام ١٠٧ هـ.\nوأوله: باب جواز انفراد الرجل والرجال بالغزو. يقابل ٩/ ٩٩ من المطبوعة.\nوآخره: يأكله حتى يشبع إذا كان جائعا ويشرب حتى يروى. من باب ما جاء في من مر بحائط، من كتاب الضحايا. وهو يقابل آخر الجزء التاسع من المطبوعة.\nوقد أثبت الناسخ في آخره فهرسًا بالكتب والأبواب، وفهرسًا آخر لأسماء المجروحين في هذا المجلد وغيرهم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-52>المجلد العاشر:</span>\nيقع في ٢١٧ ورقة، كل ورقة وجهان، مسطرتها ٢٩ سطرًا، وكتب بخط واضح مقروء، وبه خرق في بعض المواضع، وناسخه فتح محمد، وقد فرغ منه يوم السبت السابع والعشرين من جمادى الأولى سنة ١٣٣٩ هـ.\nوعلى جلدته عبارة نقلها عن النسخة المنقول منها فيها كلام مكتوب على نسخة المصنف التي بخطه فيها سماع وسند.\nوأوله: باب ما يحل للمضطر من مال الغير. وهو يقابل بداية الجزء العاشر من المطبوع.","vol":"المقدمة","page":106},{"text":"وآخره آخر الكتاب، وفي خاتمته: قال الإِمام أحمد المصنف ﵀: فرغت منه بحمد اللَّه ومنِّه يوم الاثنين الثاني عشر من جمادى الآخرة سنة ٤٣٢ والحمد لله رب العالمين حق حمده، وصلى اللَّه على سيدنا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم، حسبنا اللَّه ونعم الوكيل.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-53>خامسًا: جزء مصور من المكتبة الأزهرية:</span>\nعن أصل محفوظ برقم ٤٢١ [٢٢٨٣].\nوهو المجلد السادس، ويقع في ٢٠٣ ورقة، مسطرتها ٢١ سطرًا.\nوهي من أجود النسخ التي اعتمدنا عليها في التحقيق حيث تميزت بجودة الخط ووضوحه فقد نسخها عبد الوهاب بن أحمد الشعراني، وقام بضبطها ضبطا كاملا وبإتقان ينبئ عن تمكن ناسخها ومعوفته بأسماء الرجال وغير ذلك، وقد شمل الضبط الأعلام والأماكن وغيرها، كما تميزت بما بها من تصويبات على حاشيتها تنم عن مقابلتها على نسخ صحيحة جيدة، وقد كتب على صفحتها الأخيرة أنها عورضت على الأصول الأصلية حالة السماع. وأيضًا فإن في بعض حواشيها فوائد حديثية قيمة مسبوقة بما نصه: قال الشيخ أو قال شيخنا. ولعله أبو عمرو بن الصلاح كما يتضح من جلدتيها.\nوقد كتب على وجه الورقة الأولى: المجلد السادس على ترتيب أبي إبراهيم إسماعيل بن يحيى بن إسماعيل المزني.\nتأليف: الشيخ العالم الحافظ أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي بن موسى البيهقي الخسروجردي رحمة اللَّه عليه.","vol":"المقدمة","page":107},{"text":"رواية الشيخ أبي المعالي محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد الفارسي عنه.\nرواية الشيخ أبي بكر منصور بن عبد المنعم بن عبد اللَّه الفراوي عنه.\nرواية الشيخين الحافظين تقي الدين أبي عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن وشرف الدين أبي عبد اللَّه محمد بن عبد اللَّه السلمي المرسي عنه.\nسماع منهما لصاحبه أبي على الحسن بن محمد بن إبراهيم الجاحرحي ﵀ وعفا عنه، وفي الأسفل وقف النسخة، ويليه اسم محمد بن بريك بن عبد اللَّه الشافعي.\nثم وقف يرجع إلى القرن الثامن.\nوفي آخرها إثبات سماعات كثيرة، وذكر ممن سمعها معه ابن الصلاح، وكان آخر هذا السماع سنة ٦٤٣ هـ.\nأولها: باب تجارة الوصي بمال اليتيم.\nوآخرها: آخر باب: لا وقت فيما يعطى الفقراء والمساكين ...\nوكتب في آخرها: آخر الجزء العشرين بعد المائة من الأصل، وآخر الجزء السادس من أصل عشرة مجلدات ولله الحمد، ويليه إن شاء اللَّه المجلد السابع: باب الرجل يقسم صدقته.\nوقد رمزنا لهذا الجزء النسخة بالرمز (ز).","vol":"المقدمة","page":108},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-54>منهج العمل في الكتاب</span>\nحين كان الشروع في وضع تصور لما يمكن أن يكون عليه العمل في تحقيق هذا الكتاب الجليل، كانت أولى النقط التي أخذت في الحسبان هي ما يحتويه من مادة علمية، لتحديد العمل اللازم لتحقيقه بشكل شامل، وما ينبغى الاعتناء به بشكل خاص. ولما كان هذا الكتاب من أكبر كتب الحديث والآثار، كان الواجب في المقام الأول، هو تحرير سياقاته وتدقيق ألفاظه مبنى وضبطا ومعنى.\nوكانت كتب السنة هي المرجع الأول في ضبط هذه المرويات التي تضمنها الكتاب؛ للحذو حذو ما حرره العلماء والاستضاءة بجهدهم الذي بذلوه، إلا أن سياق البيهقي لرواياته غالبا ما يتضمن زيادة أو تغييرا عن روايات غيره من المصنفين، حتى تلك الروايات التي ساقها بأسانيده من طرق الأئمة المصنفين قبله، كأحمد وأبي داود وابن أبي شيبة وغيرهم. وكذلك وهو يُتبع روايته بذكر رواية صاحبى الصحيحين لهاـ ولا يلزم من ذلك أن يتطابق لفظ روايته مع ألفاظ رواياتهم. ولذلك -مع وجود الرواية- فإن ضبط سياق البيهقي قد احتاج لجهد غير مسبوق، خاصة حين نجد الطبعة، بل الطبعات، للكتب التي أخرجت الروايات خالية من ضبط اللفظ وتدقيقه.\nوقد أوضح العمل في \"كتاب السنن الكبير\" مدى القصور الواقع في","vol":"المقدمة","page":109},{"text":"ضبط النص النبوى، مع ما ينبنى على الوجوه المختلفة لمبنى الكلمة أو ضبطها، من اختلاف في المعاني، ولا شك أن هذا القصور لا يتساهل فيه؛ لأن أوجب ما ينبغى أن يقوم به من يتصدى لتحقيق كتب السنة، هو ضبط نصوصها، وتوضيح المبهم من ألفاظها.\nوفي الحقيقة كان هذا هو العبء الأكبر في هذا العمل، ونحن بصدد أن نخرج طبعة مدققة من الكتاب، لا سيما وقد ألزمنا أنفسنا من أول يوم تصدينا فيه لتحقيق التراث، بضبط النصوص التي نعمل على تحقيقها، وكانت هذه هي المرحلة الصعبة في عملنا، بالقدر الذي ربما لا يتصوره الكثيرون، خاصة وأنه حتى لو استساغ محقق أن يجتهد في ضبط نصوص الكتب التي فيها كلام الناس، فإن ذلك غير مستساغ بحال مع كلام رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - الذي هو وحي من اللَّه، ودين نعبده على هداه، فلهو -والله- أمر عظيم، لا يسوغ التصرف في ألفاظه بالرأي.\nوقد بذلنا ما وسعنا من جهد في البحث في تحقيق سياقات الأحاديث وضبط كلماتها كلمة كلمة، بل وحين وضع نقطة هنا أو فاصلة هناك، أو تنصيصا يميز اللفظ النبوى الشريف عن غيره، مستعينين بكل ما يعين في ذلك من كلام العلماء الذين بينوا ذلك في شروحهم. وما وجدنا فيها من شئ لم نخرج عنه مطلقا، وكذلك ما أورده العلماء الذين صنفوا في غريب الحديث.\nأما الأحاديث التي لم نجدها إلا في مصنفات لم تُشرح أو لم يُعتنَ بضبط","vol":"المقدمة","page":110},{"text":"نصوصها، أو التي لم يخرجها غير البيهقي ﵀، ولم نجدها بعينها في كتب الغريب، فتلك كانت هي غاية الصعوبة التي واجهتنا. ولا يَظنّن ظان أن ذلك عذر يسوغ الاجتراء على كلام رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - لنوجهه بما يروق لنا، أو بما يتفق مع أفهامنا؛ لا، بل اجتهدنا أن نستهدى في ضبط المشكل منها، بما يماثل هذه السياقات فيما ضبط أو شرح في غيرها من الأحاديث.\nوكذلك -والحمد لله- وفرت لنا نسخة الشيخ أبي عمرو ابن الصلاح ﵀ ذخيرة عظيمة جليلة النفع في هذا الشأن. وكم كان الأمر في غاية العظمة ونحن نجد الضبط سواء بالحركات على الكلمات داخل النص، أو بالحروف على حواشي النسخة، وحين يتبعها الناسخ بأنها من خط المصنف، أو يشير إلى أن ذلك من خط ابن الصلاح بقوله: بخطه. وكان ذلك والحمد لله أكبر عون لنا في هذا الجانب من العمل، بل وقد بعث في قلوبنا الطمأنينة أننا نؤدى عملنا كما يجب بكل أمانة. وجدير بالذكر أننا في كل الأحوال نعتمد ضبط المصنف للكلمات أو الأعلام، ولا نغيره ولو كان بحثنا قد أدانا إلى غير ذلك، وإنما نكتفى بالإشارة إلى ذلك في الحاشية، إبقاء على ما هو في نسخة الأصل بما أثبته المصنف، أو أثبته ابن الصلاح، إلا في أضيق الحدود وبدليل قوى من تحريرات العلماء.\nوكذلك كان الشأن في ضبط أعلام الكتاب، سواء كانوا شيوخ المصنف أو غيرهم من رجال الأسانيد. ولا بد أن نذكر أننا لو ذهبنا نثبت كل ما وقفنا عليه من مادة خلال البحث في تحقيق كلمة أو ضبطها لطالت حواشي الكتاب","vol":"المقدمة","page":111},{"text":"جدًّا، بل إننا نقصد أولًا إلى معرفة الصواب لنثبته، ثم قد نكتفى بذلك، وقد نحيل إلى ما يرجع إليه في ذلك من مصدر أو اثنين فقط، وقد نذكر شيئًا مختصرًا من كلام العلماء.","vol":"المقدمة","page":112},{"text":"أما المنهج الذي اتبعناه في إخراج هذه النسخة المحققة من كتاب السنن الكبير، والتي حاولنا أن تكون كما أرادها المصنف ﵀، فكان عملنا فيه كما يلي:\n١ - مقابلة النسخ الخطية التي توفرت لنا بعضها ببعض وبالنسخة المطبوعة في الهند، والاستفادة من هذه النسخ في إخراج النص على أصح ما يمكن، وهو ما نقلته نسخة الأصل غالبا. وقد اتبعنا طريقة التلفيق بين النسخ كما هو منهجنا، وأثبتنا ما رأيناه الصواب في المتن، وأشرنا إلى غيره في الحاشية.\nونحن لا نثبت من الاختلافات ما هو من قبيل أخطاء النساخ أو ما لا فائدة من إثباته. وكذلك لم نشر إلى فروق النسخ فيما يتعلق بعبارات الترضى أو الترحم وما أشبه ذلك.\n٢ - ضبط النص ضبطًا يزيل والإشكال، وتركنا كثيرًا من الضبط الذي يستغنى عنه، مع الاعتناء التام بالضبط المتعلق بالإعراب والأعلام، مع الإشارة في الحاشية إلى الاختلاف في الضبط إن وجد من خلال المصادر الأصلية.\n٣ - التعليق على بعض المواضع بما يستدعيه المقام، من تفسير لفظ غريب، أو توضيح معنى مستغلق، أو التعريف ببلد أو موضع من مصادرها","vol":"المقدمة","page":113},{"text":"المعتمدة؛ لتقريب المراد إلى القارئ.\n٤ - ترقيم أحاديث الكتاب وآثاره، بإعطاء كل رواية جديدة رقمًا جديدًا، وما يذكره المصنف عقب الرواية من تعليقات فهو مندرج تحت رقمها.\nوأحيانا يورد المصنف الطرف الأخير من الرواية، من آخر الإسناد ومتن الرواية، ثم يورد إسناده إليها عقبها، فوضعنا رقم الرواية عند أول ما ذكر المصنف منها، وليس عند ذكره لأول الإسناد.\n٥ - كتابة الآيات برسم المصحف المطبوع وفق رواية حفص عن عاصم، مع إتباع كل آية برقمها واسم السورة. وما كان من قراءة متواترة مخالفة لها، فقد أشرنا إليها مع ذكر من قرأ بها من العشرة، وإن كانت قراءة شاذة ذكرنا ذلك ونبهنا عليه.\n٦ - ترجمة شيوخ المصنف في أول موضع يرد فيه الشيخ، بترجمة مختصرة من كلام أهل العلم. والمصنف ﵀ يكثر من ذكر الكنى للشيخ الواحد، ويتفنن في ذلك، فجمعنا في موضع ترجمته ما ذكره المصنف من ذلك لئلا يلتبس على القارئ فيظنه آخر. ولم نقف على تراجم بعض شيوخ المصنف ﵀.\n٧ - وفيما يتعلق بتخريج روايات الكتاب كان المنهج المتبع كما يلي:\nأولًا: البدء بتوثيق الروايات التي ساقها المصنف، من طريق من سبقه من أصحاب التصانيف بدون كلمة: أخرجه، اختصارًا. فهو يروى من طريق","vol":"المقدمة","page":114},{"text":"عبد الرزاق أو ابن أبي شيبة أو أبي داود وغيرهم. فنذكر موضع الحديث من هذه الكتب، بيانا للاتفاق أو الاختلاف في السند أو المتن، مع التنبيه على ذلك، مع البدء بكتب المصنف التي أورد فيها الرواية بنفس الإسناد، بدءًا من شيخه إلى آخر السند، وكان الغرض من ذلك ربط كتب المصنف بعضها ببعض، والاطمئنان إلى أن ما ذكره هنا موافق لما في كتبه الأخرى، باعتبارها أصولًا لمادة الكتاب، وقد نجد أحيانا اختلافات في كتبه الأخرى بحسب المطبوعات فكنا نشير إلى ذلك.\nثانيًا: إتباع هذا التوثيق بتخريج الحديث من طرقه المختلفة على طبقات السند، من خلال الكتب الستة ومسند أحمد وصحيحى ابن خزيمة وابن حبان، من خلال الراوي الذي اجتمع إسناد المصنف فيه مع إسناد أصحاب هذه الكتب، ولم نخرج عن هذه الكتب إلا قليلًا. ونفصل بين كل طريقين بنقطة (.) دون تكرار لفظ \"أخرجه\".\nثالثًا: إذا لم تكن الرواية في هذه الكتب، أوكانت في واحد منها فقط، أضفنا إليه غيره، وقد نضيف ذلك لفوائد توثيق لفظة أو طريق.\nرابعًا: نتبع ذلك في حاشية مستقلة بتوثيق ما يذكره المصنف عقب الروايات من إخراج صاحبي الصحيحين أو أحدهما للرواية\" بذكر رقم الرواية عندهما.\nوقد راعينا دائما أن نختصر في صياغتنا لحواشي الكتاب، فنستغنى قدر الإمكان عن الجمل أو الكلمات التي يدلس عليها غيرها، فمثلا: بدلا من أن","vol":"المقدمة","page":115},{"text":"نكتب: \"عبد الرزاق في مصنفه\" أو \"مصنف عبد الرزاق\" نكتب: \"عبد الرزاق\" إلا إذا خيف الالتباس.\nوحيث أطلق في التخريج \"مالك\" فالمقصود به \"الموطأ برواية يحيى بن يحيى الليثي\"، وبـ \"الشافعي\" ما رواه في كتابه \"الأم\"، وبـ \"ابن وهب\" في \"موطئه\"، وبـ \"يعقوب بن سفيان\" كتابه \"المعرفة والتاريخ\" وبـ \"ابن خزيمة\" كتابه المسمى \"صحيح ابن خزيمة\". وإذا كان الحديث في أكثر من موضع في المصدر اكتفينا بالموضع الذي يشارك المصنف في أعلى طبقاته، ولا نزيد إلا لفائدة.\nوهناك من الروايات ما لم نجده عند غير المصنف، فلم نخرجها، ويكثر هذا في الموقوفات والمقطوعات وما شابه ذلك، وكثيرمن هذه الروايات تجد من أوردها من العلماء يعزوها للبيهقي وحده، وقد نشير إلى ذلك تأكيدا.\nويأتي بعد ذلك بيان حال هذه الروايات من حيث الصحة والضعف. وبالنظر إلى منهج البيهقي في الكتاب، فإننا نجده في بعض الأحيان يتبع الرواية بحكمه عليها بالصحة أو بالضعف، أو ينقل كلام واحد أو أكثر من أئمة الجرح والتعديل على الحديث أو على إسناده، أو على راو أو أكثر فيه. وفي هذه الحالة رأينا ألا حاجة لإقحام كلام غيره عليه. ومن الروايات -وهي كثيرة- ما أتبعه البيهقي بذكر رواية الصحيحين أو أحدهما له، وهذا كاف في بيان حكم الحديث.\nثم يتبقى من الروايات ما يخلو بما سبق، فاجتهدنا أن نثبت من كلام","vol":"المقدمة","page":116},{"text":"العلماء ما يلقى الضوء باختصار على حالة الرواية صحة أو ضعفا، وخاصة الذين يُسند الحديث من كتبهم، مثل أبى داود والحاكم وغيرهما، وكذا كلام الحافظ ابن حجر وغيره من أهل العلم.\nوكان الحافظ الذهبى في اختصاره لكتاب المصنف، المسمى \"المهذب في اختصار السنن الكبير\" هو المرجع الأول بعد ذلك، ثم يأتى بعده ما أمكن من كلام غيره. وقد اعتبرنا هذا الاختصار نسخة من النسخ التي صححنا عليها الأصل، فأفدنا منه وأشرنا إلى ذلك في الحواشى، وكان من أفضل الفوائد التي أفادها هذا الكتاب أنه يحكم على روايات سكت عنها المصنف، فنقلنا كلامه في ذلك، وقد يخالفه في الكلام على حديث أو راو فذكرنا ذلك أيضا. فكان عملنا هذا متضمنا لأهم ما في كتاب الذهبي، فجمعنا بين هذين العملين لهذين العالمين الجليلين.\nوكان الحرص على الاختصار مقصودًا؛ لعدم تكرار مجهودات سُبقنا إليها، وحين نحيل القارئ على موضع الحديث في مسند الطيالسى من طبعتنا مثلا، فإن المقصود منه الإحالة على حواشى الكتاب التي فيها إسهاب في بيان كتب الحديث التي أخرجته، مع الحكم على الحديث. وكذلك في مسند أحمد، والإحسان بتقريب صحيح ابن حبان، ومسند أبى يعلى الموصلي بأرقام طبعة مؤسسة الرسالة، وهذا على سبيل المثال لا الحصر.\n٨ - تناول المصنف ﵀ كثيرا من الرواة بالجرح، سو اء كان ذلك بذكر كلام غيره من العلماء أو من كلامه هو ﵀، فرأينا إتماما للفائدة أن نترجم للراوى في أول موضع ذكره فيه المصنف، بذكر اسمه وكنيته","vol":"المقدمة","page":117},{"text":"ولقبه، ونحيل في ذلك على المصادر التي ترجمت له لمن أراد التوسع، ومن كان منهم من رجال التهذيب فقد ذكرنا حكم ابن حجر عليه في التقريب.\n٩ - تخريج كل قول ذكره المصنف ﵀ من مصادره الأصلية أو التي شاركت المصنف في الإسناد، وذلك للاطمئنان إلى صحة المنقول عن هؤلاء العلماء، ولمقابلة نص المصنف بما عند غيره.\n١٠ - صناعة فهارس فنية للكتاب، تيسر الوصول للمراد منه وهي:\n(١) فهرس الآيات القرآنية.\n(٢) فهرس الأحاديث القولية.\n(٣) فهرس الأحاديث غير القولية والآثار.\n(٤) فهرس القوافي.\n(٥) فهرس الأعلام.\n(٦) فهرس شيوخ المصنف.\n(٧) فهرس الرواة المتكلم فيهم.\n(٨) فهرس الأماكن.\n(٩) فهرس الفرق والقبائل والأمم.\n(١٠) فهرس الأيام والوقائع والغزوات.\n(١١) فهرس الكتب.","vol":"المقدمة","page":118},{"text":" (١٢) فهرس مراجع التحقيق.\n(١٣) فهرس كشاف المسائل الفقهية.\n* * *","vol":"المقدمة","page":119},{"text":"صور النسخ الخطية","vol":"المقدمة","page":120},{"text":"وجه الورقة الأولى من نسخة المصنف","vol":"المقدمة","page":121},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من نسخة المصنف","vol":"المقدمة","page":122},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ١","vol":"المقدمة","page":123},{"text":"ظهور اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ١","vol":"المقدمة","page":124},{"text":"وجه الورقة الأولى من الأصل ج ٣","vol":"المقدمة","page":125},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة الأصل ج ٣","vol":"المقدمة","page":126},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ٤","vol":"المقدمة","page":127},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ٤","vol":"المقدمة","page":128},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من الأصل ج ٥","vol":"المقدمة","page":129},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ٥","vol":"المقدمة","page":130},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من الأصل ج ٦","vol":"المقدمة","page":131},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ٧","vol":"المقدمة","page":132},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ٧","vol":"المقدمة","page":133},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ٨","vol":"المقدمة","page":134},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ٨","vol":"المقدمة","page":135},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ٩","vol":"المقدمة","page":136},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من الأصل ج ١٠","vol":"المقدمة","page":137},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من الأصل ج ١٠","vol":"المقدمة","page":138},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من المخطوط (أ)","vol":"المقدمة","page":139},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (أ)","vol":"المقدمة","page":140},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من (ب)","vol":"المقدمة","page":141},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من (ب)","vol":"المقدمة","page":142},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (د)","vol":"المقدمة","page":143},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (د)","vol":"المقدمة","page":144},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ١)","vol":"المقدمة","page":145},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من (ص ١)","vol":"المقدمة","page":146},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٢)","vol":"المقدمة","page":147},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من (ص ٢)","vol":"المقدمة","page":148},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٣)","vol":"المقدمة","page":149},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (ص ٣)","vol":"المقدمة","page":150},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٤)","vol":"المقدمة","page":151},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من (ص ٤)","vol":"المقدمة","page":152},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٥)","vol":"المقدمة","page":153},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (ص ٥)","vol":"المقدمة","page":154},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٦)","vol":"المقدمة","page":155},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (ص ٦)","vol":"المقدمة","page":156},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٧)","vol":"المقدمة","page":157},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من (ص ٧)","vol":"المقدمة","page":158},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٨)","vol":"المقدمة","page":159},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من (ص ٨)","vol":"المقدمة","page":160},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من (ص ٩)","vol":"المقدمة","page":161},{"text":"آخر الموجود من (ص ٩)","vol":"المقدمة","page":162},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ١","vol":"المقدمة","page":163},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ١","vol":"المقدمة","page":164},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٢","vol":"المقدمة","page":165},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٣","vol":"المقدمة","page":166},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٣","vol":"المقدمة","page":167},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٤","vol":"المقدمة","page":168},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٤","vol":"المقدمة","page":169},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٥","vol":"المقدمة","page":170},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٥","vol":"المقدمة","page":171},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٦","vol":"المقدمة","page":172},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٦","vol":"المقدمة","page":173},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٧","vol":"المقدمة","page":174},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٧","vol":"المقدمة","page":175},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٨","vol":"المقدمة","page":176},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٨","vol":"المقدمة","page":177},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ٩","vol":"المقدمة","page":178},{"text":"اللوحة الأخيرة من النسخة (س) ج ٩","vol":"المقدمة","page":179},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ١٠","vol":"المقدمة","page":180},{"text":"اللوحة الأولى من النسخة (س) ج ١٠","vol":"المقدمة","page":181},{"text":"الورقة الأولى من المخطوط (ز)","vol":"المقدمة","page":182},{"text":"الورقة الأخيرة من المخطوط (ز)","vol":"المقدمة","page":183},{"text":"بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n[وبه الإعانة\nأخبرَنا الشيخانِ الإمامانِ العالِمانِ؛ قُدوَةُ الفُضَلاءِ: أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي الفَضلِ السَّلَمِيُّ المُرسِيُّ (^١) قراءةً عليه في شَهْرِ رَجَبٍ سنةَ اثنَينِ وثَلاثينَ وسِتِّمِائَةٍ، والمُفتِي شَيخُ العُلَماءِ، الحافظُ أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ موسَى بنِ أبي نَصرٍ الشَّهرُزورِيُّ (^٢)، قراءةً عليه في شَهرِ الله المبارَكِ رَمَضانَ سنةَ اثنَينِ وأَربَعين وسِتِّمائَةٍ، على الأوَّلِ بدارِ الحَديثِ النّوريَّةِ بدِمَشقَ المحروسَةِ -حَرَسَها اللهُ- وعَلَى الثّاني بالجامِعِ منها، قالا] (^٣): أخبرَنا الشيخُ [الزَّكِيُّ الأصيلُ الجَليلُ المُسنِدُ ذو الكنَى] (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن أبي الفضل شرف الدين أبو عبد اللَّه السلمى المرسى، محدث مفسر نحوى، قرأ الفقه والأصول، وحدث بالسنن الكبير للبيهقي، وبغريب الحديث للخطابى عن مصور الفراوى، صنف الضوابط النحوية في علم العربية، وتفسير القرآن وغيرهما، توفي سنة (٦٥٥ هـ).\nالوافى بالوفيات ٣/ ٣٥٤، وبغية الوعاة ١/ ١٤٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٢٣/ ٣١٢، وطبقات المفسرين للسيوطى ص ٩١، ونفح الطيب ٢/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) الإِمام الحافظ العلامة شيخ الإِسلام تقي الدين أبو عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان بن الصلاح الشهرزورى الدمشقي، صاحب \"علوم الحديث\"، كان ذا جلالة عجيبة ووقار وهيبة وفصاحة وعلم نافع، متين الديانة، سلفى الجملة، وافر الحرمة، معظمًا عند السلطان. ولد سنة (٥٧٧ هـ)، وتوفى سنة (٦٤٣ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ٢٣/ ١٤٠، والبداية والنهاية ١٧/ ٢٨١.\n(^٣) في س، ب، م: \"أخبرنا الشيخ الفقيه الحافظ المتقن أبو عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عثمان عرف بابن الصلاح رحمه اللَّه تعالى قال\".\n(^٤) في س، ب: \"المسند\".","vol":"1","page":5},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ، أبو الفَتحِ، أبو القاسِمِ، مَنصورُ بنُ أبي المَعالي: عبدِ المُنعِمِ بنِ أبي البَرَكاتِ: عبدِ اللَّه ابنِ الإمامِ فقيهِ الحَرَمِ أبي عبدِ اللَّه محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ [الفُراوِيُّ الصاعدي النَّيسابورِيُّ ﵀] (^١) قراءةً (^٢) عليه [بنيسابورَ جَبَرها اللَّه] (^٣) - وأجازَ لي جميعَ مَسموعاتِه ومُسْتَجازاتِه (^٤) - قال: أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو المَعالي: محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ الفارِسِيُّ (^٥)، قالَ: أخبرَنا الامامُ الحافظُ أبو بكرٍ: أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عليٍّ البَيهَقِيُّ الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ (^٦) ﵀ (ح) قالَ أبو عمرٍو: وأنبأني غَيرُ واحِدٍ [مِن مَشايِخِي] (^٧)، عن الشيخِ أبي القاسِمِ: زاهِرِ بنِ طاهِرِ بنِ محمدٍ الشُّحاميِّ (^٨)، قالَ: أخبرَنا الشيخُ الامامُ الحافظُ\n_________\n(^١) في أ: \"الساعدى الفزارى\". وهو محمد بن الفضل بن أحمد بن محمد الفراوى النيسابوري الشافعي، الشيخ الإِمام المفتى، مسند خراسان، فقيه الحرم، البارع في الفقه والأصول، مناظر واعظ حسن الأخلاق، درس بالمدرسة الناصحية، وأم بمسجد المطرز، توفي سنة (٥٣٠ هـ).\nوقد اختلف في ضبط الفاء من الفراوى، فقيل بالضم، وقيل بالفتح. ينظر وفيات الأعيان ٤/ ٢٩٠، ٢٩١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٩/ ٦١٥، والمشتبه للذهبى ٢/ ٥٠٠، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ١١٠٠.\n(^٢) في س، ب، م: \"بقرائتى\".\n(^٣) في س، ب، م: \"به\".\n(^٤) في س، ب، م: \"مجازاته\".\n(^٥) بعده في س، ب، م: \"قراءة عليه وأجاز له جميع مسموعاته \" ولكن في م: \"قرأ\" مكان \"قراءة\". وأبو المعالي الفارسي هو محمد بن إسماعيل بن محمد بن حسين بن القاسم الفارسي ثم النيسابوري، ثقة مكثر، سمع السنن الكبير من البيهقي، وسمع كتاب المدخل منه أيضًا، روى عنه ابن عساكر والسمعاني، توفي سنة (٥٣٩) هـ. التقييد لمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد ١/ ٣٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٢٠/ ٩٣.\n(^٦) ليس في: س، ب، م.\n(^٧) ليس في: س، ب.\n(^٨) زاهر بن طاهر بن محمد بن محمد بن أحمد أبو القاسم الشحامي النيسابوري، سمع من البيهقي =","vol":"1","page":6},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عليٍّ البيهقيُّ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى بقراءةِ والِدِى عليه في شَعبانَ سنةَ خَمسينَ وأَربَعِمائَةٍ، قالَ: الحَمدُ للهِ بما هو أَهلُه، وكما يَنبَغِى لَه، وأَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وأَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وعلى آلِه وسَلَّم تسليمًا.\n* * *\n_________\n= سننه الكبير، روى الكثير، واستملى على جماعة، وقد ترجم له عبد الغافر بن إسماعيل فقال: ثقة الدين، شيخ مشهور، ثقة معتمد، من بيت العلم والزهد والورع والحديث والبراعة في علم الشروط والأحكام. حدث عنه أبو موسى المدينى والسمعانى وابن عساكر، توفي سنة (٥٣٣ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق لتاريخ نيسابور (٧٢٤)، والمنتظم ١٠/ ٨٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٢٠/ ٩.","vol":"1","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-56>كتاب الطَّهارة</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-57>بابُ التَّطَهُرِ (^١) بماءِ البَحرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٤٨]. وقال ﴿فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. قال أبو عبد اللَّه\nمحمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشافعيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ تعالَى عنه: ظاهِرُ القُرانِ يَدُلُّ على أَنَّ كُلَّ ماءٍ طَهارَةٌ (^٢)؛ ماءِ بَحرٍ وغيرِه، وقد روِى فيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ- حَديثٌ يوافِقُ ظاهِرَ القُرآنِ، في إِسنادِه مَن لا أعرِفُه (^٣). ثم ذكَر الحديثَ الذي:\n\n١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ (^٤)، وأبو زكريا يَحيَى (^٥) ابنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يحيى (^٦)، رحِمهما اللهُ تعالَى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"التطهير\". وكذلك في عناوين الأبواب التالية.\n(^٢) في س، د، م: \"طاهر\".\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٣.\n(^٤) محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن حمدويه الضبى الحافظ، أبو عبد اللَّه الحاكم النيسابوري الشافعي.\nالإِمام الحافظ الناقد العلامة شيخ المحدثين، صنف وخرج، وجرح وعدل، وصحح وعلل، وكان من بحور العلم، له تصانيف عدة منها المستدرك على الصحيحين. توفي سنة (٤٠٥ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ١٦٢، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٤/ ١٥٥.\n(^٥) في م: \"محمد\". خطأ.\n(^٦) يحيى بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن سختويه النيسابوري، أبو زكريا بن أبي إسحاق المزكى، الشيخ الإِمام الصدوق القدوة الصالح شيخ التزكية ببلده. كان شيخا ثقة نبيلا خيرا زاهدا ورعا متقنا، ما كان يحدث إلا وأصله بيده يُعارض، حدث بالكثير وكان بصيرا بمذهب الشافعي. توفي سنة (٤١٤). الإرشاد للخليلى ص ٣٣٠، والمنتخب من السياق (١٦٣٦)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٩٥، والتقييد ص ٤٨٣، وطبقات الشافعية للإسنوى ٢/ ٣٩٦، ٣٩٧، وشذرات الذهب ٣/ ٢٠١.","vol":"1","page":9},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعي، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ (^١) ﵀ في كتاب \"السنن\"، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرزاقِ المعروفُ بابنِ داسَةَ (^٢) بالبَصرَةِ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ سليمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الله بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سلَمةَ مِن آلِ ابنِ الأزرَقِ، أَنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ أبى بُردَةَ -وهو مِن بني عبدِ الدّارِ- أخبرَه أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سألَ رجلٌ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا نَركَبُ البحرَ ونَحمِلُ معنا القَليلَ مِنَ الماءِ، فإِن تَوَضّأنا به عَطِشنا، أفنتوضّأُ بماءِ البحرِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"هو الطّهورُ ماؤهُ الحِلُّ \"مَيتَتُهُ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحسين بن محمد بن محمد بن علي بن حاتم الروذبارى الطوسى أبو علي، الإمام المسند، حدث بسنن أبي داود بنيسابور وعقد له مجلس في الجامع، وحدث عنه من أقرانه الحاكم. توفي سنة (٤٠٣ هـ). الأنساب ٣/ ١٠٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢١٩، والتقييد ص ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) محمد بن بكر بن محمد بن عبد الرزاق البصرى التمار، أبو بكر ابن داسة، راوى سنن أبى داود، وهو آخر من حدث به كاملا، الشيخ الثقة العالم، توفى سنة (٣٤٦ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٣٨، والعبر ٢/ ٢٧٣، وشذرات الذهب ٢/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢)، الشافعي ١/ ٣، وأبو داود (٨٣)، ومالك ١/ ٢٢ وعنده: \"أفنتوضأ به؟ \" بدل قوله: \"أفنتوضأُ بماء البحر\". ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٣٣)، والبخاري في تاريخه ٣/ ٤٧٨، والترمذي (٦٩) وقال: حسن صحيح. والنسائي (٥٩، ٣٣١، ٤٣٦١)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٦، ٣٢٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١١)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٣). وصححه البخاري -كما في علل الترمذي الكبير (٣٣). وصححه جمع من أهل العلم منهم ابن منده وابن المنذر والطحاوى وابن حزم والخطابي، ينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ١٠.","vol":"1","page":10},{"text":"وقَد تابَعَ الجُلاحُ أبو كَثيرٍ (^١) صَفوانَ بنَ سُلَيمٍ (^٢) على رِوايَتِه عن سعيدِ بنِ سلمة.\n\n٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، قال: حدَّثَني اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا الجُلاحُ أبو كثيرٍ، أَنَّ ابنَ سلمةَ المَخزومِيَّ حدَّثه، أَنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ أبى بُردَةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كُنّا عندَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَومًا فجاءَه صَيّادٌ فقال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا نَنطَلِقُ في البحرِ نُريدُ الصَّيدَ، فيَحمِلُ معه أَحَدُنا الإداوَةَ (^٣) وهو يَرجو أَن يأخُذَ الصَّيدَ قَريبًا، فربما وجَدَه كَذَلِكَ، وربما لم يَجِدِ الصَّيدَ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ مِنَ البحرِ مَكانًا لم يَظُنَّ أَن يَبلُغَه، فلعلَّه يَحتَلِمُ أو يَتَوَضّاُ، فإِن اغتَسَلَ أَو تَوَضَّأ بهَذا الماءِ فلعل أَحَدَنا يُهلِكُه العَطَشُ، فهَل تَرَى في ماءِ البحرِ أَن نَغتَسِلَ به أَو نَتَوَضَّأ به إذا خِفنا ذَلِكَ؟ فزَعَمَ أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قالَ: \"اغتَسِلوا مِنه وتَوَضَّئوا به؛ فإِنه الطهورُ ماؤُه، الحِلُّ مَيتَتُه\" (^٤).\nوقَد تابَعَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ ويَزيدُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِيُّ سَعيدًا على\n_________\n(^١) الجلاح أبو كثير الأموى مولاهم المصري. تنظر ترجمته في: تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٧٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٢٦.\n(^٢) صفوان بن سليم أبو عبد اللَّه المدني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٠٧، ٣٠٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٤٦٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ١٨٤.\n(^٣) الإداوة: إناء الوضوء. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ٤٧، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٤١. وقال: احتج مسلم بالجلاح أبي كثير. ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٧٨ من طريق الليث به.","vol":"1","page":11},{"text":"رِوايَتِه، إِلا أنَّه اختُلِفَ فيه على يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ؛ فروِى عنه عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ عن رجلٍ مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وروِى عنه عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ أَنَّ رجلًا مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ (^٢). وروِى عنه عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُغيرَةِ الكِندِيِّ عن رجلٍ مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ (^٣). [وروِى عنه] (^٤) عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه [عن رجلٍ مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ (^٥). وعَنه عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبدِ الله] (^٦) عن أَبيه (^٧)، وقيل غيرُ هذا.\nواختَلَفوا أَيضًا في اسمِ سعيدِ بنِ سلَمةَ؟ فقيلَ كما قالَ مالكٌ. وقيل: [عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سعيدٍ] (^٨) المخزومِيُّ. وقيل: سلمةُ بنُ سعيدٍ. وهو الذي أَرادَ الشافعيُّ بقَولِه: في إِسنادِه مَن لا أَعرِفُه. أَوِ المُغيرَةُ، أَو هُما، إِلا أَنَّ الذي أَقامَ إسنادَه ثِقَةٌ، أَودَعَه مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ \"الموطأ\"، وأَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٤١، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٢) من طريق يحيى به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) في م: \"وعنه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٣).\n(^٦) سقط من: م.\n(^٧) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٨) من طريق يحيى به. وينظر التمهيد لابن عبد البر ١٦/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٨) في أ: \"سعيد بن عبد الله\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٧٩.","vol":"1","page":12},{"text":"وقَد رُوِي الحَديثُ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ (^١) وجابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه (^٢) وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو (^٣)، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\nقالَ الشافعيُّ ﵀: ورَوَى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عمرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هِندٍ الفِراسِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قالَ: \"مَن لم يُطَهِّرْه البحر فلا طَهَّرَه اللَّهُ\" (^٤).\n\n٣ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ الأنصارِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُختارِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العزيزِ بنُ عمرَ. فذكَره بمِثلِه، إِلا أنَّه لم يَقُل: الفِراسِيُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٥، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٢، ١٤٣. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٢: من طريق أهل البيت، وفى إسناده من لا يعرف.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٤، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٣ من طريق ابن جريج عن أبي الزبير عن جابر، وذكره ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١١ وقال: وإسناده حسن وليس فيه إلا ما يخشى من التدليس. وسيأتي في (١٢١٠) من وجه آخر عن جابر.\n(^٣) في أ: \"عمر\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٥، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٣. وضعفه ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١١.\n(^٤) الأم ١/ ٣.\n(^٥) عمر بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن عبدويه بن سدوس أبو حازم المسعودى الهذلي النيسابورى الإمام، كان ثقة صادقًا حافظًا عارفًا. قال عبد الغافر: الإمام الحافظ في صنعة الحديث، الثقة الأمين، كثير السماع، حسن الأصول. توفي سنة (٤١٧ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٢٧٢، والمنتخب من السياق (١٢١٦)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٥، ٣٦ من طريق محمد بن حميد به، وقال: إسناده حسن، وقال الذهبي في ١/ ٧: محمد بن حميد وهو واهٍ. وينظر البدر المنير لابن الملقن ١/ ٣٧٤.","vol":"1","page":13},{"text":"٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرانَ (^١) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ عامِرِ بنِ واثِلَةَ، أَنَّ أبا بكرٍ سُئِلَ عن مَيتَةِ البحرِ، فقالَ: هو الطهورُ ماؤُه الحَلالُ مَيتَتُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-58>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ بالعَذبِ مِنه والأُجاجِ</span>\n\n٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ ﵀، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَني خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أَنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ محمدٍ القُرَشِيَّ حدَّثه، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: أَتَى نَفَرٌ إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالوا: إنّا نَصيدُ (^٣) في البحرِ ومعنا مِنَ الماءِ العَذبِ، فربما تَخَوَّفنا العَطَشَ، فهَل يَصلُحُ أَن نَتَوَضأَ مِنَ البحرِ المالِحِ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم تَوَضَّئوا مِنه\" (^٤). وذكَر الحديثَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-59>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ بماءِ البِئرِ</span>\n\n٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) علي بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن بشران أبو الحسين البغدادى، الشيخ العالم المعدل، قال الخطيب: كان صدوقا ثبتا، تام المروءة، ظاهر الديانة. قال الذهبي: كان عدلًا وقورًا. توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٩٨، والأنساب ٥/ ٣٤٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٥ من طريق ابن نمير به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨٨) من طريق عبيد الله به.\nوقال الذهبى ١/ ٨: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"نصير\"، وفى حاشيتها كالمثبت.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٩) من طريق عبيد به.","vol":"1","page":14},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كعبٍ القُرَظيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، قالَ: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَنَتَوَضّأُ مِن بئرِ بُضاعَةَ؟ وهِىَ بئر يُلقَى فيها النَّتْنُ والجِيَفُ (^١) والمَحيضُ والكِلابُ؟ فقالَ: \"الماءُ طَهورٌ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَئٌ\" (^٢). أخرجه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\"، قالَ: وقالَ بعضُهم: ابنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ (^٤) رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: والحديثُ على طُهُورِه إذا لم تُلقَ في البِئرِ نَجاسَة، فإِذا أُلقيَت فيها نَجاسَة، فمَعنَى الحديثِ فيما بَلَغَ قُلَّتَينِ ولَم يَتَغَيَّرْ، ودَليلُه يَرِدُ في مَوضِعِه إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-60>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ بماءِ السَّماءِ</span>\n\n٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ (^٥) ﵀\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الجيفة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٦) عن الحسن بن علي به. وأحمد (١١٢٥٧)، والترمذي (٦٦)، والنسائي (٣٢٥) من طريق أبي أسامة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن. قال الذهبى ١/ ٨: وقال أحمد بن حنبل: صحيح. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ١٣. وسيأتى في (١٢٢٩، ١٢٣٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٦)، وعنده: \"عبد الرحمن بن رافع\".\n(^٤) يعني المصنف أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي ﵀.\n(^٥) محمد بن الحسين بن داود بن علي أبو الحسن العلوى الحسنى النيسابورى، الإمام السيد المحدث الصدوق، مسند خراسان، الحسيب، رئيس السادة، قال الحاكم: هو ذو الهمة العالية، والعبادة الظاهرة، انتقيت له ألف حديث. حدث عنه المصنف وهو أكبر شيخ له، توفى فجأة (٤٠١ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٩٨، والوافى بالوفيات ٢/ ٣٧٣، وطبقات الشافعية الكبرى للسبكى ٣/ ١٤٨.","vol":"1","page":15},{"text":"تعالَى، حدَّثَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ [البلاليُّ البَزّازُ] (^١)، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أَبيه، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقاص، قالَ: لَقَد رأيتُنِى مع النبي - ﷺ - في ماءٍ مِنَ السماءِ وإنِّي لأدلُكُ ظَهرَه وأَغسِلُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-61>بابُ التَّطَهُرِ بماءِ الثلج والبَرَدِ والماءِ البارِدِ</span>\n\n٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ (^٣) العَدلُ (^٤) قالا: حدَثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ (^٥)، حدَثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَجزَأَةَ بنِ زاهِرٍ الأسلَمِيِّ، قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ أبى أَوفَى قالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اللهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ مِلءَ السَّمَاواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَيءٍ بَعدُ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بن بلال البزار\". وهو أحمد بن محمد بن يحيى بن بلال، أبو حامد البزاز. توفي سنة ثلاثين وثلاثمائة. الأنساب ٢/ ٣٦٧، وحاشية الإكمال ٣/ ٢. وسيأتي في مواضع كثيرة من الكتاب مصحفا إلى: \"البزار\" مع اختلاف في النسخ أحيانا، فأثبتنا الصواب مع الإشارة إلى فروق النسخ.\n(^٢) مشيخة ابن طهمان (٧)، وعنه البخاري في تاريخه ٢/ ١٦٥، وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١١/ ١٢٦ من طريق المصنف به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٨: سنده وسط.\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن الحسن أبو أحمد المهرجانى العدل، سمع منه المصنف بغداد ووصفه بالعدالة وأكثر الرواية عنه في تصانيفه ومن طريقه تحمل البيهقي موطأ مالك بن أنس رواية ابن بكير، توفي سنة (٤٠٩ هـ) تقريبًا. تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢٢٦، ووقع فيه: عبد اللَّه بن أحمد بن الحسن.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"من خط ابن الصلاح: قلت: العَقَد بفتح العين والقاف معًا بطن من قيس. وقيل: من اليمن. والله أعلم\".","vol":"1","page":16},{"text":"\"اللَّهُمَّ طَهِّرْني بالثلجِ والبَرَدِ والماءِ البارِدِ، اللَّهُمَّ طَهِّرني مِنَ الذنوبِ، ونَقِّنِي مِنها كما يُنَقَّى الثوبُ الأبيَضُ مِنَ الدنسِ، أو (^١) الوَسَخِ\" (^٢). رواه أبو الحسينِ مسلمُ بن الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شعبَة (^٣).\n\n٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشَةَ قالت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَعَوَّذُ يقولُ: \"اللهُم اغسِلْ قَلبِي بماءِ الثَّلْجِ والبَرَدِ\". وذكَر الحديثَ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومسلم جميعًا في \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٦). وقالَ بَعضُهم في الحديثِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغسِلْ خَطايايَ بماء الثَّلْجِ والبَرَدِ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١١٨)، والنسائي (٤٠٠)، وابن حبان (٩٥٦) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي (٤٠١)، وابن حبان (٩٥٥) عن مجزأة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٧٦/ ٢٠٤).\n(^٤) عبد اللَّه بن يوسف بن أحمد بن بامويه أبو محمد الأردستاني الأصبهاني، نزيل نيسابور، الإمام المحدث الصالح، قال عبد الغافر: من كبار مشايخ نيسابور ووجوه المحدثين من أصحاب الشافعي، حدث نيفًا وأربعين سنة على الصحة والاستقامة، حدث عنه المصنف وأكثر عنه، توفي سنة (٤٠٩ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٨٩٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٣٩، وشذرات الذهب ٣/ ١٨٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠١)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٣٨)، والترمذي (٣٤٩٥)، والنسائي (٦١، ٣٣٢) من طرق عن هشام به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٣٧٧)، ومسلم (٥٨٩/ ...)،\n(^٧) وسيأتي عند المصنف بهذا اللفظ في (٣١١٧).","vol":"1","page":17},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-62>باب التَّطَهُّر بالماء المُسَخَّن</span>\n\n١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثنا العَلاءُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، حدَّثَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبيه، عن الأسلَعِ بنِ شَريكٍ قالَ: كُنتُ أَرحَلُ (^١) ناقَةَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فأصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ في لَيلَةٍ بارِدَةٍ، وأرادَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - الراحِلَةَ، فكَرِهتُ أَن أَرحَلَ ناقَتَه وأَنا جُنُب، وخَشِيتُ أن أغتَسِلَ بالماءِ البارِدِ فأَموتَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، قال: ثم وضَعتُ أَحجارًا فأَسخَنتُ بها (^٢) ماءً، فاغتَسَلتُ، ثم لَحِقتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا أَسلَعُ، ما لِي أَرَى راحِلَتَكَ تَضطَرِبُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، لم أرحَلْها. وذ كَر الحديثَ إلى أَن قال: قُلتُ: فأسخَنتُ ماءً فاغتَسَلتُ (^٣).\n\n١١ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانيُّ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: قلت: هو (أرحل) بفتح الحاء من غير تشديد، يقال: رحل ناقته. بالتخفيف؛ أي: شد عليها الرحل، والله أعلم. من خط ابن الصلاح.\n(^٢) في م: \"فيها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٠٩٣) من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به. والطبرانى (٨٧٧) من طريق محمد بن مرزوق به. وذكره الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢٦٢ وقال: وفيه الهيثم بن رزيق قال بعضهم لا يتابع على حديثه. قال الذهبي ١/ ٩: تفرد به العلاء، وما هو بحجة. قال الحافظ في التلخيص ١/ ٢٢: والهيثم بن رزيق الراوى له عن أبيه عن الأسلع هو وأبوه مجهولان.\n(^٤) أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن الحارث، أبو بكر الأصبهانى، نزيل نيسابور، الإمام المقرئ النحوى الزاهد المحدث، كان عارفا بالحديث كثير السماع صحيح الأصول. توفى سنة (٤٣٠ هـ). المنتخب من السياق لتاريخ نيسابور (١٩٤)، وإنباه الرواة ١/ ١٣٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٣٨.","vol":"1","page":18},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا إدريسُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا عَليُّ بنُ غُرابٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عمرَ، أَنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - كان يُسَخَّنُ له ماءٌ في قُمقُمَةٍ (^١) ويغتَسِلُ بهِ. قالَ أبو الحسنِ: هذا إسنادٌ صحيحٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-63>بابُ [كراهة التَّطَهُّر] (^٣) بالماءِ المُشَمَّسِ</span>\n\n١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرنِي صَدَقَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أَنَّ عمرَ - ﵁ - كان يكرَهُ الاغتِسالَ بالماءِ المُشَمَّسِ، وقالَ: إنَّه يورِثُ البَرَصَ (^٥).\n\n١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدَّثتا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ خالدٍ العَبْدِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدَّثَنا إسمَاعيلُ هو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) القمقمة والقمقم: ما يسخن فيه الماء من نحاس وغيره ويكون ضيق الرأس. النهاية ٤/ ١١٠.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٧ وقال: هذا إسناد صحيح. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٦) من طريق هشام بن سعد به، وليس فيه: \"ويغتسل به\". وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"كراهية التطهير\".\n(^٤) محمد بن موسى بن الفضل بن شاذان، أبو سعيد بن أبي عمرو النيسابورى الصيرفى المهرجانى الفقيه، الشيخ الثقة المأمون، قال عبد الغافر: الثقة الرضا المشهور بالصدق. توفى سنة (٤٤١ هـ).\nالمنتخب من السياق (١٧)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٥٠.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٣. وقال النووى في المجموع ١/ ١٣٣: وهذا ضعيف أيضًا باتفاق المحدثين. قال الذهبي ١/ ٩: إبراهيم واهٍ. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٢٢: وصدقة ضعيف.","vol":"1","page":19},{"text":"عَيّاشٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن حَسّانَ بنِ أزهَرَ، قالَ: قالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لا تغتَسِلوا بالماءِ المُشَمَّسِ؛ فإنَّه يورِثُ البَرَصَ (^١).\nوقَد روِي فيه حديثٌ مُسنَدٌ:\n\n١٤ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ أحمدَ الأَصبَهاني، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ العَدْلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قالَ: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا خالدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أسخَنتُ ماءً في الشَّمسِ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَفعَلِي يا حُمَيراءُ (^٢) فإنه يورِثُ البَرَصَ\" (^٣). وهَذا لا يَصِحُّ.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ قالَ: قالَ أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ: خالِدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ مَتروكٌ (^٤). وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّوفِيُّ، قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. قال ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ١/ ٤٤٣: وهذا إسناد جيد. وينظر نصب الراية ١/ ١٠٣، والتلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) حميراء: تصغير حمراء، يريد البيضاء، والعرب إذا قالوا: فلانة حمراء. عنوا به بياض اللون. النهاية ١/ ٤٣٨، ولسان العرب ٤/ ٢١٠ (ح م ر).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق في أحاديث الخلاف (٣٩)، وفى الموضوعات ٢/ ٧٩ من طريق ابن بشران به. والدارقطني ١/ ٣٨ من طريق سعدان بن نصر به. وابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ٩١٢ من طريق خالد بن إسماعيل به، وقال النووى في المجموع ١/ ١٣٣: هذا الحديث ضعيف باتفاق المحدثين ... ومنهم من يجعله موضوعًا.\n(^٤) سنن الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"سعيد\". =","vol":"1","page":20},{"text":"قالَ أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ (^١): خالدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو الوَليدِ المَخزومِيُّ يَضعُ الحديثَ على ثِقاتِ المُسلِمينَ. قالَ: ورَوَى هذا الحديثَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ مع خالدٍ وهبُ بنُ وهبٍ أبو البَختَرِيِّ (^٢)، وهو شَرٌّ مِنه.\nقالَ الشيخُ أحمدُ رحِمه الله تعالَى: وروِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ (^٣) مُنكَرٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ عن هِشامٍ، ولا يَصِحُّ (^٤). ورواه عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ الأعسَمُ عن فُلَيحٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا [أبو الحسنِ عليُّ ابنُ عمرَ] (^٥)، قالَ: عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ الأعسَمُ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، ولم يَروِه عن فُلَيحٍ غَيرُه، ولا يَصِحُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n= وهو أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن حفص أبو سعد المالينى الصوفى الأنصارى الهروى، الملقب بطاوس الفقراء، الإمام المحدث الصادق الزاهد الجوال، قال الذهبي: جال في طلب العلم ... وحصل، وله معرفة وفهم، جمع وصنف ... وكان ذا صدق وورع وإتقان. توفي سنة (٤١٢ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٣٧١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٠١، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٤/ ٥٩.\n(^١) الكامل ٣/ ٩١٢.\n(^٢) وهب بن وهب بن كثير بن عبد اللَّه أبو البخترى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٧٠، والمجروحين ٣/ ٧٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٥٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني في غرائب مالك -كما في نصب الراية ١/ ١٠٢، والتلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢١. وقال الذهبي: هذا مكذوب على مالك.\n(^٥) في س: \" أبو الحسين عن ابن عمر\".\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨، وعنده: \"الأعشم\" بدل \"الأعسم\".\nوعمرو بن محمد الأعسم قال عنه الذهبي: متهم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٧٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٨٦، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٢، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٣٧٥.","vol":"1","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-64>بابُ مَنعِ التَّطَهُّرِ بما عَدا الماءَ مِنَ المائعاتِ</span>\n\n١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ، قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"الصَّعيدُ الطَّيِّبُ وَضوءُ المُسلِمِ ولَو إلى عَشرِ سِنينَ، فإذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأَمِسَّه جِلدَكَ؛ فإنَّ ذَلِكَ خَيرٌ\" (^١). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-65>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ بالماءِ الذي خالطَه طاهِرٌ لم يَغلِب عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العَبّاسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصنعانيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدَّثنا (^٣) هِشامٌ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ أَنَها قالَت: توفِّيَت إحدَى بناتِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَتانا فقالَ: \"اغسِلْنَهَا بماءٍ وسدر، واغسِلنَها وِترًا، ثَلاثًا، أَو خَمسًا، أو أكثرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأيتُن ذَلِكَ، واجعَلنَ في الآخِرَةِ كافورًا، أَو شَيئًا مِن كافور\". وذكَر باقِيَ الحديثِ (^٤). مُخَرَّج في \"الصحيحين\" لأبِي عبدِ اللَّه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧ مطولًا، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣١١) من طريق خالد الطحان به. وأحمد (٢١٣٧١)، والترمذي (١٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٢)، وابن حبان (١٣١٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٨٧ من طريق خالد الحذاء به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٠٣٤، ١٠٣٥، ١٠٦٣، ١٠٦٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٧٣) - وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٤٤)، والترمذي =","vol":"1","page":22},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البخاريِّ، وأبي الحسينِ مُسلمِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ القُشَيرِيِّ مِن حديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حسّانَ وغيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٧ - أخْبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ العَدْلُ ببغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامرٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أم هانِيء قالت: اغتَسَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - ومَيمونَةُ مِن إناءٍ واحدٍ قَصعَةٍ فيها أثرُ العَجينِ (^٢).\n\n١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٣) ابنُ عَبدانَ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن رجلٍ، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلٍ، عن أُمِّ هانئ بنتِ أبي طالِبٍ. فذَكَرَت قِصَّةَ الفَتحِ، قالَت: فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - وعلى وجهِه\n_________\n= (٩٩٠)، والنسائي (١٨٨٤) من طريق هشام بن حسان به. وسيأتي في (٦٧٠٦).\n(^١) البخاري (١٢٦٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٩٥) من طريق أبي عامر به. والنسائي (٢٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به. قال البخاري -فيما نقله عنه الترمذي عقب حديث (١٧٨١): لا أعرف لمجاهد سماعا من أم هانئ. قال الذهبي ١/ ١١: فيه إرسال.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) علي بن أحمد بن عبدان بن الفرج أبو الحسن الشيرازي الأهوازي الشيخ المحدث الصدوق، من كبار المحدثين المكثرين سماعًا ورواية. ثقة مشهور عالي الإسناد. حدث عنه المصنف في تصانيفه وأبو القاسم القشيرى وغيرهما، توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٢٤٧)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٨١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٩٧.","vol":"1","page":23},{"text":"ريحُ الغُبارِ، فقالَ: \"يا فاطِمَةُ اسكُبِي لِي غُسْلًا (^١) \". فسَكَبَت لهُ في جَفنَةٍ فيها أثَرُ العَجينِ، وسَتَرَت عليه فاغتَسَلَ، وصَلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن مُجاهدٍ، عن أبي فاخِتَةَ، عن أمَ هانِئ. والَّذِى روِّينَاهُ مع إرسالِهِ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا خارِجَةُ، عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ، حدَّثَني مُجاهِدٌ، عن أبي فاخِتَةَ مَولَى أمَ هانِئ، قال: قالت أُمُّ هانِئ: [دَخَلتُ على] (^٣) رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أيَّامَ الفَتحِ ضُحًى، فأمَرَ بماءٍ، فسُكِبَ له في قَصعَةٍ كأنِّي أرَى أثَرَ العَجينِ فيها، وأمَرَ بثَوبٍ فسَتَرَ بَينِي وبَينَه فاغتَسَلَ، وصَلَّى صلاة الضحَى ثمانِ (^٤) رَكَعاتٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظ (^٦)، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: الغسل بضم الغين، وهو الماء الذي يغتسل به من خط ابن الصلاح\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٨٠) عن ابن عيينة به. والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٤١٧ (١٠١٥) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وفيهما: \"عن سعيد\" بدل \"عن رجل\". قال الذهبي ١/ ١١: إسناده ضعيف. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٥/ ٣٦٧.\n(^٣) في أ: \"دخل على\".\n(^٤) ضبطه في الأصل بفتح النون، وكتب فرقها: \"كذا وهو جائز. بخط ابن الصلاح\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٤٣٨ (١٠٧٠) من طريق عبد الكريم أبي أمية به، وقال الذهبي: خارجة لين، وأبو أمية هو عبد الكريم تالف.\n(^٦) أحمد بن علي بن محمد بن إبراهيم أبو بكر الأصبهاني اليزدي، أحد حفاظ زمانه وفرسان أهل الحديث من أقرانه. صنف على \"الصحيحين\" مستخرجا، وعلى \"جامع أبى عيسى\"، و\"سنن أبى داود\". توفي سنة (٤٢٨ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٩٢)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٣٨.","vol":"1","page":24},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ حَنْطَبٍ، عن أُمِّ هانئ، قالت: نزل رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ بأعلَى مَكَّةَ فأتَيتُه، فجاءَه أبو ذَرٍّ بجَفنَةٍ فيها ماءٌ، قالَت: إنِّى لأرَى فيها أثَرَ العَجينِ. قالَت: فسَتَرَه أبو ذَرٍّ فاغتَسَلَ، ثم سَتَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أبا ذَرٍّ فاغتَسَلَ، ثم صَلَّى النبيُّ - ﷺ - ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، وذَلِكَ في الضُّحَى (^١).\n\n٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحارِثيُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتم، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن رجلٍ قَد سَمّاه، عن أمِّ هانِئ أنها كَرِهَت أن يُتَوَضأَ بالماءِ الذي يُبَلُّ فيه الخبزُ (^٢).\nوهذا إن صَحَّ فإنَّما أرادَت إذا غَلَبَ عليه حَتَّى أُضيفَ إلَيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-66>بابُ مَنعِ التَّطَهُّرِ بالنَّبيذِ</span>\n\n٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ (^٣)، حدثنا الحسنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٢٣٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٤٨٦٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٧). قال الذهبي ١/ ١١: منقطع. وذكره الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢٦٩، وقال: رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح، وهو في الصحيح، خلا قصة أبي ذر وستر كل واحد منهما الآخر.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩. قال الذهبي ١/ ١١: منقطع وفيه مجهول.\n(^٣) علي بن محمد بن علي بن حميد أبو الحسن، وقيل: أبو محمد، الإسفراييني المقرئ المجود، روى عن الحسن بن محمد بن إسحاق ابن أخت أبى عوانة الإسفراييني وغيره، وأكثر عنه المصنف، =","vol":"1","page":25},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسفُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ، قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ. فذكَر قِصَّةً (^١)، ثم قالَ عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"الصَّعيدُ الطيبُ وَضُوءُ المُسلمِ ولو (^٢) عَشْرَ حِجَجٍ، فإذا وجَدَ الماءَ فليُمِسَّ بَشَرَه الماءَ؛ فإنَّ ذَلِكَ هو خَيرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ (^٤)، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحيمِ (^٥) بنُ مُنيبٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى\n_________\n= توفي سنة (٤٢٠ هـ)، تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٨٧.\n(^١) في م: \"قصته\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٣١٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٨٧ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وقال النووي في المجموع ١/ ١٤٠: حديث صحيح. وتقدم في (١٥). وسيأتي في (٨٨٦، ١٠٣٤، ١٠٣٥).\n(^٤) محمد بن محمد بن محمش بن علي أبو طاهر الشافعي، قال عبد الغافر: إمام أصحاب الحديث بخراسان وفقيههم بالاتفاق بلا مدافعة. قال الذهبي: كان إماما في المذهب، متبحرًا في علم الشروط، له فيه مصنف، بصيرًا بالعربية، كبير الشأن. توفي سنة (٤١٠ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٣)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٧٦، وطبقات الشافعية الكبرى للسبكى ٤/ ١٨٩.\n(^٥) في س، م: \" عبد الرحمن\". ينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٨١، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٢٥١ هـ- ٢٦٠) ص ١٩٦، وقد أورد ابن عساكر هذا الإسناد في تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ٤١، وذكره كذلك الخطيب في تاريح بغداد ٣/ ٢٦٦ - وفي غير هذه المواضع كما أثبتناه. وسيأتي كذلك في مواضع متفرقة من هذا الكتاب، وذكره الذهبي في السير ١٥/ ٣٣٧ ترجمة حاجب بن أحمد \"عبد الرحمن\"، وكذا عند المصنف في فضائل الأوقات ص ٤٤٠، والأسماء والصفات (٧٨٦)، وأدب الإملاء والاستملاء للسمعاني ص ١٨، ومعجم ابن عساكر ١/ ٤٨١.","vol":"1","page":26},{"text":"ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قالَ: \"كُلُّ شَرابٍ أسكَرَ فهوَ حَرامٌ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَهدِيٍّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عطاءٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ الوُضوءَ باللَّبَنِ وبِالنَّبيذِ، وقالَ: إنَّ التَّيَمُّمَ أعجَبُ إِلَيَّ مِنه (^٣).\n\n٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَلْدَةَ قالَ: سألتُ أبا العاليَةِ عن رجلٍ أصابَته جَنابَةٌ وليسَ عِندَه ماءٌ وعِندَه نَبيذٌ، أيَغتَسِلُ بهِ؟ قال: لا (^٤). وأمَّا الحديثُ الذي:\n\n٢٦ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨٢)، والنسائي (٥٦٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٨٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٩٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٠١/ ٦٩). وسيأتي عند المصنف في (١٧٤٤٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٧٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٨٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٨ من طريق أبى خلدة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٩).\n(^٥) عبد اللَّه بن يحيى بن عبد الجبار أبو محمد البغدادى السكري، يعرف بابن وجه العجوز، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه وكان صدوقًا، توفي سنة (٤١٧ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ١٩٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٨٦، وشذرات الذهب ٣/ ٢٠٨.","vol":"1","page":27},{"text":"ببغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علي إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ منصورٍ الرَمادِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثورِيُّ، عن أبي فزارَةَ العَبْسِيِّ، حدَّثَنا أبو زَيدٍ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ قالَ: لَمَّا كانت لَيلَةُ الجِنِّ تَخَلَّفَ منهُم -يَعنِي مِنَ الجِنِّ- رجلانِ. قالَ الرَّمادِيُّ: أحسِبُ عبدَ الرزاقِ قالَ: فقالا: نَشهَدُ الصلاةَ مَعَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. قالَ: فلَمّا حَضَرَتِ الصلاةُ قالَ لِيَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"هَل مَعَكَ وَضوءٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا، مَعِىَ إِداوَةٌ فيها نَبيذٌ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَمرَةٌ طَيبةٌ ومَاءٌ طَهورٌ\". فَتَوَضّأَ (^١).\n\n٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ (^٢) بالكوفةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جعفرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو غَسانَ، أخبرَنا قَيسٌ هو ابنُ الرَّبيعِ، أخبرَنا أبو فزارَةَ العَبْسِيُّ، عن أبي زَيدٍ، عن (^٤) عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مسعودٍ، قالَ: أتانا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إني قَد أُمِرتُ أن أقرأَ على إخوانِكُم مِنَ الجِن، ليقُم مَعِى رجلٌ مِنكُم، ولا يَقُم مَعِى رجلٌ في قلِبه مِثقالُ حَبة مِن خَردَل مِن كِبرٍ\". قال: فقُمتُ معه ومَعِى إداوَةٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٩٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٢٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٤)، والترمذي (٨٨) من طريق أبى فزارة بنحوه وقال التر مذى: وأبو زيد رجل مجهول عند أهل الحديث لا يعرف له رواية غير هذا الحديث.\n(^٢) جناح بن نذير بن جناح، أبو محمد المحاربى الكوفى القاضي، ولى قضاء الكوفة ثم عزل نفسه، توفي سنة (٤٢٠ هـ). تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٥٩.\n(^٣) في أ: \"عرزة\". قال الذهبي في المشتبه ٢/ ٤٥٧: وبغين ثم راء: قيس بن أبي غرزة الغفارى الصحابى، ومن أولاده أحمد بن حازم صاحب المسند.\n(^٤) في س: م \"أخبرنا\".","vol":"1","page":28},{"text":"ماءٍ -كَذا قال- حَتَّى إذا بَرَزنا خَط حَولِى خِطَّةً، ثم قالَ: \"لا تَخرُجَنَّ مِنها؟ فإِنكَ إن خرجتَ مِنها لم تَرَنِي ولم أرَكَ إلى يومِ القيامَةِ\". قالَ: ثم انطلقَ حَتَى تَوارَى عَنِّي. قالَ: فثَبَتُّ قائمًا، حَتَّى إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ أَقبَلَ، قالَ: \"ما لي أراكَ قائمًا؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: ما قَعَدتُ خَشيَةَ أن أخرُج منها. قالَ: \"أما إنّكَ لَو خرجتَ مِنها لم تَرَنِي ولم أرَكَ إلى يَومِ القيامَةٍ، هَل مَعَكَ مِن وَضوء؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قالَ: \"فماذا في الإداوَةِ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَبيذٌ. قالَ: \"تَمرَةٌ حُلوَةٌ (^١) وماءٌ طَيب\". ثم توضأَ وأقامَ الصلاةَ، فلمّا أنْ قَضى الصلاةَ قامَ إلَيه رجلانِ مِن الجِنِّ فسألاه المَتاعَ، فقالَ: \"أوَلَم آمُرْ لكُما ولِقَومِكُما ما [يُصلِحُكما؟ \". قالَ] (^٢): بَلَى، ولكنَّا أحبَبنا أن يَحضُرَ بَعضُنا مَعَكَ الصلاةَ. قالَ: \"مِمَّن أنتُما؟ \". قالا: مِن أهلِ نَصيبِينَ (^٣). فقالَ: \"قَد أفلَحَ هَذانِ، وأفلَحَ قومُهُما\". وأمَرَ لهُما بالعِظامِ والرَّجيعِ طعامًا وعَلَفًا، ونَهانا أن نَستَنجِىَ بعَظْمٍ أَو رَوْثٍ (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قالَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارِيُّ ﵀: أبو زَيدٍ الذي رَوَى حديثَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في أ: \"طيبة\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وفى الطبراني: \"يصلحكم قالا\".\n(^٣) نصيبين: تقع على الحدود بين تركيا وسوريا، والحدود تحوزها اليوم إلى تركيا، تجاور مدينة القامشلى السورية ليس بينهما غير الحدود، يمر فيها أحد فروع نهر الخابور. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٣١٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٩٦٢) من طريق قيس به. وذكره الهيثمي في المجمع ٨/ ٣١٤ وقال: وفيه أبو زيد وقيس بن الربيع أيضًا وقد ضعفه جماعة.","vol":"1","page":29},{"text":"\"تَمرَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ وماءٌ طَهورٌ. رجلٌ مَجهولٌ لا يُعرَفُ بصُحبَةِ عبدِ اللَّه (^١).\nورَوَى عَلقَمَةُ عن عبدِ اللَّه أنه قالَ: لم أكُنْ لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^٢).\nورَوَى شُعبَةُ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قالَ: سألَتُ (^٣) أبا عُبَيدَةَ: أكانَ عبدُ اللَّه مع رسولِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِن؟ قالَ: لا (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ قالَ: قالَ أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ (^٥): هذا الحديثُ مَدارُه على أبى فزارَةَ عن أبي زَيدٍ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وأبو فزارَةَ مشهورٌ، واسمُه راشِدُ بنُ كَيسانَ (^٦)، وأبو زَيدٍ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ (^٧) مجهولٌ، ولا يَصحُّ هذا الحَديثُ عن النبي - ﷺ -، وهو خِلافُ القُرآنِ.\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: وقَد روِى هذا الحَديثُ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ عن أبي رافِعٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٨). وعن أبي سَلَّامٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٤٦.\n(^٢) سيأتي بتمامه في (٢٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"سألنا\"، وفى الحاشية: \"سألت\" من خط ابن الصلاح.\n(^٤) سيأتي بتمامه في (٣٠).\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٤٧.\n(^٦) راشد بن كيسان أبو فزارة العبسى الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٨٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٢٢٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٤٠: ثقة.\n(^٧) أبو زيد القرشى المخزومى الكوفى، غير معروف اسمه ولا اسم أبيه. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ١٥٨، والكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٤٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٣٣٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٥٢٦، قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٢٥: مجهول.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٥٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ٧٧ وقال: لا يثبت.","vol":"1","page":30},{"text":"فُلانِ بنِ غَيلانَ الثقَفِيِّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^١). وعَنِ ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ عن حَنَشٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢). ورواه محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ حَيَّانَ (^٣) عن الحسنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ بإسنادٍ له إلى ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤)، ورواه الحسينُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه العِجْلِيُّ بإِسنادٍ له عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٥). ولا يصِحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارثِ الفَقيهُ، قالَ: قالَ أبو الحسنِ الدارَقُطْنِيُّ الحافظُ في تَضعيفِ هَذِه الأسانيدِ (^٦): عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٧) ضَعيفٌ، وليسَ هذا الحَديثُ في (^٨) مُصَنَّفاتِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، والرَّجُلُ الثَّقَفِيُّ الذي رواه عن ابنِ مسعُودٍ مَجهولٌ، قيلَ: اسمُه عمرٌو. وقيل: عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرِو بنِ غَيلانَ (^٩). وابنُ لَهيعَةَ (^١٠) ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِه، والحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٧٨٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ٧٦ من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٥/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٣) في م: \"حبان\" بالموحدة. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٣٩٨، وستأتي مصادر ترجمته في الصفحة التالية.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٨، وابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية ١/ ٣٥٨ من طريق محمد بن عيسى به.\nوينظر علل الدارقطني ٥/ ٣٤٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٧، ٧٨، وابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية ١/ ٣٥٨.\n(^٦) سنن الدارقطني ١/ ٧٦ - ٧٨.\n(^٧) علي بن زيد بن عبد الله بن زهير بن عبد الله بن جدعان، أبو الحسن القرشى التيمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٨٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٠٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٤٣٤ - ٤٤٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٢٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ٣٢٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٧: ضعيف.\n(^٨) في س، م: \"من\". والمثبت موافق لما في سنن الدارقطني.\n(^٩) ينظر ميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٦٤، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٣٢٢.\n(^١٠) عبد الله بن لهيعة بن عقبة أبو عبد الرحمن المصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ١١، والكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٤٦٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٨٧، وسير أعلام النبلا ٨/ ١٠ =","vol":"1","page":31},{"text":"قُتَيبَةَ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عيسَى (^٢) ضعيفانِ، والحُسَينُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه العِجلِيُّ (^٣) هذا يَضَعُ الحديثَ على الثِّقاتِ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد أنكَرَ ابنُ مسعودٍ شُهودَه مع النبيِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ في رِوايةِ عَلقَمَةَ عنه، وأنكَرَه ابنُه، وأنكَرَه إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ.\n\n٢٨ - أَمّا حَديثُ عَلقَمَةَ، فأخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ العَبْدِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، قالا: حدَّثَئا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، عن خالِدٍ يَعني الحَذّاءَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ قالَ: لم أكُنْ لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ مَعَ النبي - ﷺ -، ووَدِدتُ أنِّي كُنتُ مَعَه (^٤). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n= قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٤٤: صدوق خلط بعد احتراق كتبه.\n(^١) الحسن بن قتيبة الخزاعي المدائنى أبو علي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٧٣٩، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥١٨، ٥١٩، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) محمد بن عيسى بن حيان، أبو عبد الله المدائنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٩/ ١٤٣، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٣/ ٨٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٦٧٨، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٣) الحسين بن عبيد الله العجلى أبو علي، ينظر الكلام عليه في: والكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٧٧٥، الضعفاء والمتروكين ١/ ٢١٥، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٤١، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٢٥٦، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الشاشي (٣٣١)، والطبراني (٩٩٧١) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٥٠/ ١٥٢).","vol":"1","page":32},{"text":"٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، [حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه] (^١) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالَ: حدَّثَنى عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن داودَ، عن عامِرٍ قالَ: سألتُ عَلقَمَةَ: هَل كان ابنُ مَسعودٍ شَهِدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ؟ قالَ عَلقَمَةُ: أَنا سألتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقُلتُ: هَل شَهِدَ أَحَد مِنكُم مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ؟ قالَ: لا، ولَكِنَّا كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ ففَقَدناه، فالتَمَسناه في الأوديَةِ والشِّعابِ فقُلنا: استُطيرَ أَوِ اغتيلَ (^٢). فبِتنا بشَرِّ لَيلَةٍ [باتَ بها] (^٣) قَومٌ، فلمَّا أَصبَحنا إِذ هو جاءٍ مِن قِبَلِ حِراءٍ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، فقَدناكَ فطَلَبناكَ فلَم نَجِدْكَ، فبِتنا بشَرِّ لَيلَةٍ باتَ بها قَومٌ. قالَ: \"أَتانِي داعِي الجِنِّ، فذَهَبتُ معه، فقَرأتُ عَلَيهِمُ القُرآن\". قالَ: فانطَلَقَ بنا، فأَرانا آثارَهُم وآثارَ نيرانِهِم، وسألوه الزادَ فقالَ: \"كُلّ عَظمٍ ذُكِرَ اسمُ اللَّه عليه يَقَعُ في أَيديكُم أَوفَرَ (^٤) ما يَكونُ لَحمًا، وكُلُّ بَعرَةٍ عَلَفٌ لِدَوابِّكُم\". فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا تَستنجوا بهِما؛ فإنَّهُما طَعامُ إِخوانِكُم\" (^٥). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) استطير: طارت به الجن، والغِيلة: القتل غيلة وفي خفية. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ٢٠٢.\n(^٣) في س: \"باتها\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"أوفى\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"أوفر\" من خط ابن الصلاح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٨٢) من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (٤١٤٩)، وأبو داود (٨٥)، والترمذي (٣٢٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٣٢) من طرق عن داود به. وسيأتى في (٥٣٣).","vol":"1","page":33},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^١).\n\n٣٠ - وأَمّا حَديثُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، فأَخبَرناه أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ (^٢) ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قالَ: سألتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه: أَكانَ عبد اللَّه مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ؟ قالَ: لا. وسألتُ إِبراهيمَ، فقالَ: لَيتَ صاحِبَنا كان ذاكَ (^٣).\n\n٣١ - وأَمَّا الحَديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدَّثَنا فبَشِّرُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: قالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - \"النَّبيذ وَضوءٌ لِمَن لم يجِدِ الماءَ\" (^٤).\n\n٣٢ - قالَ: وأخبرنا أبو أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ تَمَّامٍ، حدَّثَنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٥٠/ ١٥٠).\n(^٢) محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن الفضل، أبو الحسين البغداد القطان الأزرق، الشيخ العالم الثقة المسند، قال الذهبي: مجمع على ثقته. توفي سنة (٤١٥ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٤٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٣١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (٤٥٦، ١٧٤٥)، والدارقطني ١/ ٧٧ من طريق شعبة به، وليس عندهما سؤالا إبراهيم، وقد سبق عند المصنف في (٢٧) بدون هذه الزيادة.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٦٢٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٥، وابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية ١/ ٣٥٨ من طريق المسيَّب بن واضح به.","vol":"1","page":34},{"text":"واضِحٍ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه مَوقوفًا (^١).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فيه على المُسَيَّبِ بنِ واضِحٍ، وهو واهِمٌ فيه في مَوضعَينِ؛ في ذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ، وفِى ذكرِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، والمَحفوظُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ عِكرِمَةَ غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ، كَذا رواه هِقلُ [بنُ الزِّيادِ] (^٢) والوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه شعَيبانُ النَّحوِي وعَلِيُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ (^٤). وكانَ المُسَيَّبُ (^٥) رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ تعالَى وإيَّاه كَثيرَ الوَهمِ (^٦). ورواه عبدُ الله بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عَباسٍ (^٧). وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ مَتروكٌ (^٨). وروِى بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ عن أَبانِ بنِ أبي عَيَّاشٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابن عبَّاسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٩). وأَبانٌ مَتروكٌ (^١٠). قالَ أبو الحسنِ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٦٢٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٥ من طريق المسيب به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، أ.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٥ من طريق هقل بن الزياد والوليد بن مسلم به. وأبو يعلى (٥٣٩٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٥ من طريق شيبان وعلي بن المبارك به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦) من طريق على ابن المبارك به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، أ.\n(^٦) المسيب بن واضح بن سرحان، أبو محمد السلمي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٩٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١١٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٤٠٣، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٤٠.\n(^٧) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٦). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٦ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن محرر به.\n(^٨) عبد اللَّه بن محرر العامرى الجزرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٢، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٧٦، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٤٥: متروك.\n(^٩) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٦، وابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية ١/ ٣٥٩ من طريق أبان به.\n(^١٠) أبان بن أبي عياش، أبو إسماعيل البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٩٥، =","vol":"1","page":35},{"text":"الدّارَقُطنِيُّ فيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ عنه: المَحفوظُ أنَّه [من قولِ] (^١) عِكرِمَةَ غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - ولا إلى ابنِ عَبَّاس (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ رحِمه الله تعالَى: وقَد رَوَى الحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ عن أبي إِسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ عن علي أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالوُضوءِ مِنَ النَّبيذِ (^٣). ورواه أبو إِسحاقَ عن الكوفِيُّ -واسمُه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، ويُقالُ له: أبو لَيلَى الخُراساني- عن مَزيدَةَ بنِ جابِرٍ عن عليٍّ: لا بأسَ بالوُضوءِ بالنَّبيذِ (^٤). وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَيسَرَةَ مَتروكٌ (^٥)، والحارِثُ الأعوَرُ ضَعيفٌ (^٦)، والحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ (^٧) لا يُحتَجُّ به، قَد ذَكَرتُ أَقاويلَ الحُفَّاظِ فيهِم في \"الخلافيات\" (^٨). ثم إنَّ صِفَةَ أَنبِذَتِهِم\n_________\n= والمجروحين ١/ ٩٦، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٣٧٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٩، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ١٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣١: متروك.\n(^١) في أ، س: \"رأى\". والمثبت مرافق لما في سنن الدارقطني.\n(^٢) سنن الدارقطني ١/ ٧٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٨، ٤٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٥)، والدارقطني ١/ ٧٨، ٧٩، وقال: تفرد به حجاج بن أرطاة لا يحتج بحديثه. قال الذهبي: حجاج لين كالحارث.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٠، ٥١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٩ من طريق أبى إسحاق الكوفى به.\n(^٥) عبد اللَّه بن ميسرة، أبو ليلى الحارثى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٧٧، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٣٢، والكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٤٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٩٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٥٥: ضعيف.\n(^٦) الحارث بن عبد اللَّه الأعور الهمداني، أبر زهير الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٧٨، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٢٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٤٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٣٥.\nوقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٤١: كذبه الشعبي في رأيه، ورمي بالرفض، وفي حديثه ضعف.\n(^٧) الحجاج بن أرطاة النخعى، أبو أرطاة الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٢٢٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤٢٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٦٨، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٨) الخلافيات عقب رقم (٥١). قال النووى في المجموع ١/ ١٤٢: وأما حديث ابن عباس والآثار =","vol":"1","page":36},{"text":"مَذكورَةٌ فيما:\n\n٣٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثنا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، حدَّثَنا أبي، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كُنَّا نَبيِذُ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في سِقاءٍ يوكَى أَعلاه، له ثَلاثَةُ عَزالى (^١) يُعَلَّقُ، نَنبِذُه غُدوَةً فيَشرَبُه عِشاءً، ونَنبِذُه عِشاءً فيَشرَبُه غُدوَةً (^٢). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ بنِ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ يَعنِى الحَنظَلِيَّ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَلدَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قالَ: نَرَى (^٤) نَبيذَكُم هذا الخَبيثَ، إنَّما كان ماءً تُلقَى فيه تَمَراتٌ فيَصيرُ حُلوًا (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-67>بابُ إِزالَةِ النَّجاساتِ بالماءِ دونَ سائرِ المائعاتِ</span>\n\n٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n= عنه وعن علي وغيرهما فكلها ضعيفة واهية.\n(^١) العزالى، جمع العزْلاء: وهو الثقب الذي يكون في أسفل القربة، يُصب منه الماء. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ١٧٦، وتاج العروس ٢٩/ ٤٦٨ (ع زل).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧١١)، والترمذي (١٨٧١) من طريق عبد الوهاب الثقفى به، وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وسيأتى في (١٧٤٨٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٠٥/ ٨٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \" ترى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٨ من طريق أبى خلدة بنحوه.","vol":"1","page":37},{"text":"إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. وأخبرَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَك يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سالِم ومالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أَسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ الصدِّيقِ أنها قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن الثَّوبِ (^١) يُصيبُه الدَّمُ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ، فقالَ: \"لِتَحُتَّه، ثم لِتَقرُصْه بالماءِ، ثم لِتَنضَحْه، ثم لِتُصَلِّ فيه\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي طاهِرٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إِسحاقَ (^٤)، أخبرنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن فاطِمَةَ، عن أَسماءَ قالَت: سألْتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن دَمِ الحَيضَةِ يُصيبُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في أ: \"الذي\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٠)، ومالك برواية أبى مصعب (١٦٦)، ومن طريقه (٣٦١)، وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب عن مالك ويحيى وعمرو به، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب عن مالك وحده.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩١)، والبخارى (٣٠٧).\n(^٤) يحيى بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن سختويه، أبو زكريا ابن أبي إسحاق المزكى، الشيخ الإمام الصدوق القدوة الصالح، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة عدل مرضى من أركان أهل الحديث والتزكية. قال الذهبي: كان شيخًا ثقة، نبيلًا خيرًا، زاهدًا ورعا متقنًا، وكان بصيرا بمذهب الشافعي. توفي سنة (٤١٤ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٦٣٦)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٩٥، وطبقات الشافعية للإسنوى ٢/ ٣٩٦.","vol":"1","page":38},{"text":"الثَّوبَ، فقالَ: \"حُتِّيه، ثم اقرُصِيه بالماءِ، ثم رُشيه وصَلِّي فيه\" (^١).\n\n٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينِيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروَةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن جَدَّتِها أَسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، أَنَّ امرأةً سألَت رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن دَمِ الحَيضِ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"حُتِّيه، ثم اقرُصيهِ بالماءِ، رُشِّيه وصلِّي فيه\" (^٣).\n\n٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعِ، عن الحسنِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ يَنَّاقٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قالَ: قالَت عائشَةُ: ما كان (^٤) لإحدانا إِلا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ تَحيضُ فيه، فإِن أَصابَه شَيءٌ مِن دَمٍ بَلَّته بريقِها ثم قَصَعَته بظُفُرِها (^٥). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٣٦). والشافعي ١/ ٦٧، وعنده: \"وانضحيه\" بدل \"ثم رشيه\". وأخرجه الترمذي (١٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى في (٦٦٦، ١١٧٢، ٤١٤٠، ٤١٦٠).\n(^٢) يحيى بن محمد بن يحيى بن زكريا، أبو سعيد الخطيب الإسفرايينى المهرجانى، راوى مسند الحميدى عن أبي بحر البربهارى، سمع منه المصنف بنيسابور، وأكثر الرواية عنه في تصانيفه، ومن طريقه تحمل مسند الحميدى. ينظر: إتحاف المرتقى بتراجم شيوخ البيهقي (١٩٢).\n(^٣) الحميدى (٣٢٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"كانت\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به، وقصعته بظفرها: دلكته. النهاية ٤/ ٧٣.","vol":"1","page":39},{"text":"أبى نُعَيمٍ عن إِبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ (^١).\n\n٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قَد كان يَكونُ لإحدانا الدِّرعُ (^٢) تَحيضُ فيه، وفيه تُصيبُها الجَنابَةُ، ثم تَرَى فيه قَطرَةً مِن دَمٍ فتَقصَعُه بريقِها (^٣).\nوهذا في الدَّمِ اليَسيرِ الذي يَكونُ مَعفوًا عنه، فأَمّا الكَثيرُ مِنه، فصَحيحٌ عَنها أَنَّها كانَت تَغسِلُه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في مَوضعِه إِن شاءَ الله تَعالى (^٤).\nثم قَد رُوِى عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِي ما:\n\n٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ، حدَّثَنى إِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَمَّادٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن سَلمانَ، قال: إذا حَكَّ أَحَدُكُم جِلدَه فلا يَمسَحْه بريقِه؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بطاهِرٍ. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإبراهيمَ، فقالَ: امسَحْه بماءٍ (^٥).\nوإِنَّما أَرادَ سَلمانُ - ﵁ - -واللهُ أعلمُ- أن الريقَ لا يُطَهِّرُ الدَمَ الخارجَ مِنه\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣١٢).\n(^٢) درع المرأة: قميصها، مذكر، وقيل: يؤنث أيضا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٦٤). وأخرجه الدارمى (١٠٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (٤١٦٨).\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في الخلافيات (١٥) عن شعبة به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٦)، والأباطيل للجوزقاني (٣٥٠)، والمحدث الفاصل ص ٣٩٤، ٣٩٥.","vol":"1","page":40},{"text":"بالحَكِّ. وأَمّا حَديثُ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال له: \"يا عَمّارُ، ما نُخامَتُكَ ولا دُموعُ عَينَيكَ إِلا بمَنزِلَةِ الماءِ الذي في رَكوَتِكَ، إنَّما تَغسِلُ ثَوبَكَ مِنَ البَولِ والغائطِ والمَنِيِّ والدَّمِ والقَئِ\". فهذا باطِلٌ لا أَصلَ له، وإِنَّما رواه ثابِتُ بنُ حَمّادٍ عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عَمّارٍ (^١). وعَلِيُّ بنُ زَيدٍ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٢)، وثابِتُ بنُ حَمّادٍ مُتَّهَم بالوَضعِ (^٣).\n* * *\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٢٤٨ - كشف)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٢٧ من طريق ثابت بن حماد به.\n(^٢) تقدم قبل (٢٨).\n(^٣) ثابت بن حماد، أبو زيد البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ١/ ١٧٦، والكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٥٢٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٥٧، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣٦٣.","vol":"1","page":41},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-68>جِماعُ أبوابِ الأواني</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-69>بابٌ في جِلدِ المَيتَةِ</span>\n\n٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحكمِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُكَيمٍ قال: قُرِئ عَلَينا كِتابُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أن لا تَنتَفِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بإهابٍ (^١) ولا عَصَبٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُكَيمٍ قال: قُرِئَ عَلَينا كِتابُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - بأَرضِ جُهَينَةَ وأَنا غُلامٌ شابٌّ: \"أن لا تَستَمتِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بإِهابٍ ولا عَصَبٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ مَولَى بنى هاشِمٍ، حدثنا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن خالِدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) قال النووي في شرح صحيح مسلم ٤/ ٥٤: واختلف أهل اللغة في الإهاب، فقيل: هو الجلد مطلقا.\nوقيل: هو الجلد قبل الدباغ، فأما بعده فلا يسمى إهابًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٧٨) من طريق النضر بن شميل به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤١٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٨٠)، والنسائي (٤٢٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٦١٣) من طرق عن شعبة به، وسيأتى في (٥٧، ٩٣). وقال الترمذي عقب (١٧٢٩): هذا حديث حسن ... وليس العمل على هذا عند أكثر أهل العلم. وينظر: التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٤٨. وينظر تعليق المصنف الآتي بعد قليل.","vol":"1","page":42},{"text":"عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، أنَّه انطَلَقَ هو وناسٌ معه إلى عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُكَيمٍ رجلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ، قال الحَكَمُ: فدَخَلوا وقَعَدتُ على البابِ، فخَرَجوا إِلَيَّ فأَخبَرونِي أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عُكَيمٍ أخبرَهُم، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلى جُهَينَةَ قبلَ مَوتِه بشَهرٍ: \"أَنْ لا تَنتَفِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بإِهابٍ ولا عَصَبٍ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ في هذا الحديثِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ: قبلَ وفاتِه بأربَعينَ يَومًا. وقيل: عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُكَيمٍ قال: حدثنا مشيخةٍ لَنا مِن جُهَينَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إِلَيهِم. وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسانَ قال: قال أبو زكريا يَعنِي يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ: حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُكَيمٍ: جاءَنا كتابُ رسول الله - ﷺ -: \"أن (^٣) لا تَنتَفِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بإِهابٍ ولا عَصَبٍ\". في حَديثِ ثِقاتِ الناسِ: حدثنا أَصحابُنا أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ: \"أن لا تَنتَفِعوا\" (^٤)\nقال الشيخُ: يَعنِي به أبو زكريا ﵀ تَعليلَ الحديثِ بذَلِكَ، وهو مَحمولٌ عِندَنا على ما قبلَ الدَّبغِ؛ بدَليلِ ما هو أَصَحُّ مِنه في الأبوابِ الَّتِي تَليهِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤)، وأبو داود (٤١٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٨٢) عن الثقفي به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٩٣).\n(^٣) ليست في: الأصل، ر.\n(^٤) معرفة الرجال لابن معين- رواية ابن محرز (٦٠٧).","vol":"1","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-70>بابُ طَهارَةِ جِلدِ المَيتَةِ بالدَّبغِ</span>\n\n٤٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إِملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بشاةٍ مَيِّتَةٍ (^١) لِمَولاةٍ لمَيمونَةَ، فقالَ: \" أَلا أَخَذوا إِهابَها فدَبَغوه فانتَفَعوا به؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله! إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. قال: \"إنَّما حَرُمَ أكَلُها\" (^٢).\n\n٤٥ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصر، حدثنا سُفيانُ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، إِلا أنَّه قال: عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن مَيمونَةَ، وقالَ: \"أَلا نَزَعتُم إِهابَها فدَبَغتُموه وانتَفَعتُم به؟ \" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيى وأبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ وغَيرِهِما عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ\n_________\n(^١) قال العيني في عمدة القارئ ٢١/ ١٣٣ في شرح حديث ابن عباس (أن رسول اللَّه مر بشاةٍ ميتة ...): ميتة، التخفيف والتثقيل فيه سواء على قول أكثر أهل اللغة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤١٢٠) من طريق ابن عيينة به. والنسائي (٤٢٤٧) من طريق الزهرى به. وينظر ما سيأتي.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤١٢٠)، والنسائي (٤٢٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٦١٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٦٣/ ١٠٠).","vol":"1","page":44},{"text":"ابنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن أبي بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيِّ (^١) في هذا الحديث قال: كان سُفيانُ ربما قالَه عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ ولَم يَذكُرْ فيه مَيمونَةَ، فإِذا وُقِّفَ عليه قال: هو عن مَيمونَةَ. وقيل له: فإِنَّ مَعمَرًا لا يقولُ فيه: فدَبَغوه. ويَقولُ: كان الزُّهرِيُّ يُنكِرُ الدِّباغَ (^١). فقالَ سُفيانُ: لَكِنِّي أَنا أَحفَظُه فيهِ، وفي الحديثِ الآخَرِ؛ حَديثِ عمرٍو عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ؛ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ (^٣) ويونُسُ بنُ يزيد (^٤) وصالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ (^٥) وغَيرُهُم، فلَم يَذكُروا فيه: فدَبَغوه. وقَد حَفظَه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، والزِّيادَةُ مِن مثلِه مَقبولَةٌ إذا كانَت لها شَواهِدُ، وقَد تابَعَه على ذَلِكَ عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ (^٦) وسُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٧) والزُّبَيدِيُّ (^٨) فيما روِى عَنهُم.\nوهو في حَديثِه أَيضا عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ كما:\n\n٤٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بشاةٍ لمَيمونَةَ مَيِّتَةٍ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٥٢)، وأبو داود (٤١٢١، ٤١٢٢).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٧، والحميدى عقب (٣١٥).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٤٩٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٠١٦)، والنسائي (٤٢٤٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (٧٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٩)، والبخاري (٢٢٢١، ٥٥٣١)، ومسلم (٣٦٣) عقب (١٠١).\n(^٦) سيأتي في (٦٣، ٦٤).\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٣ من طريق سليمان بن كثير به، وصحح إسناده.\n(^٨) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٠٣٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٢ من طريق الزبيدى به، وصحح الدارقطني إسناده.","vol":"1","page":45},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لَو أَخَذوا إِهابَها فدَبَغوه فانتفَعوا به؟ \" (^١). رو اه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عمرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢). ورواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو عن عَطاءٍ (^٣)، وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سليمانَ عن عَطاءٍ (^٤)، ولَم يَذكُروا لَفظَ الدِّباغِ في الحديث، وقَد حَفِظَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ.\nوتابَعَه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عَطاءٍ كما:\n\n٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ السلَمِيُّ (^٥) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال لأهلِ شاةٍ ماتَت: \"أَلا نَزَعتم جِلدَها فدَبَغتُموه فاستَمتعَتُم به؟ \" (^٦). وهَكَذا رواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^٧). وذَلِكَ رواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٤٩١). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٤٩)، وأبو عوانة (٥٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٦٣/ ١٠٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٥٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٦٩ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٣٦٥) من طربق عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان به.\n(^٥) محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن موسى أبو عبد الرحمن النيسابورى السلمى، الإمام الحافظ المحدث، شيخ خراسان وكبير الصوفية، قال الذهبي: كان ذا عناية تامة بأخبار الصوفية ... له كتاب \"حقائق التفسير\" ليته لم يصنفه فإنه تحريف وقرمطة. وقال أيضا: ما هو بالقوى في الحديث. توفى سنة (٤١٢ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٤٨، والمنتخب من السياق (٤)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٠٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٦٩، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٤ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٧) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٢٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٦٩ من طريق الليث به، وقال=","vol":"1","page":46},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^١)، ورواه سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُطلَقًا دونَ ذِكرِ الدِّباغِ فيه (^٢).\nوحَديثُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ وعلَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ شاهِدٌ لِصِحَّةِ حِفظِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ ومَن تابَعَه:\n\n٤٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدهٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ وأبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ [عبدِ الله بنِ] (^٣) بشْرانَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أَسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِي ابنَ وعلَةَ يَرويه عن ابن عباسٍ، قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أيُّما إهابٍ دُبِغَ فقَد طَهَرَ\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥). وقَدِ اتَّفَقَ الكُلُّ في هذا الحديث على ذِكرِ الدِّباغِ فيه، فوواه مالِكُ بنُ أنس، سفيان بنُ سعيد الثَّورِيُّ، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، وعَبدُ العزيز بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوردِيُّ، وفُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ، وهِشامُ\n_________\n= الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٥٥٣٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٧٢) من طريق سعيد بن جبير به.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٩) عن الحسين بن محمد الروذبارى وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٠٩)، والترمذي (١٧٢٨)، والنسائي (٤٢٥٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وسيأتى في (٦٦). وفى الهاء من: \"طهر\" لغتان؛ فتح الهاء وضمها، والفتح أفصح. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ٥٤.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٦٦/ ...).","vol":"1","page":47},{"text":"ابنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ بمَعناه (^١). ورواه أو الخير اليَزَنِيُّ عن ابن وعْلَةَ بمَعناه (^٢).\nورواه أخو سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ كما:\n\n٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علي بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ رَوْحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مرَّةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعْدِ، عن أَخيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - في جِلدِ المَيتَةِ قال: \"إنَّ دِباغَه قَد ذَهَبَ بخَبثه أَو رَجَسِه (^٤) أَو نَجَسِه\" (^٥). وهذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وسأَلتُ أحمدَ بنَ علي الأصبَهاني عن أَخِي سالِمٍ هذا، فقالَ: اسمُه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبي الجَعدِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٩٨، وأحمد (٢٤٣٥)، وأبو داود (٤١٢٣) من طريق الثورى به. ومسلم (٣٦٦/ ...، ١٠٥) من طريق الثورى وسليمان بن بلال والدراوردى به. والدارقطني ١/ ٤٦، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٢٨٠ من طريق فليح بن سلبمان هشام بن سعد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٣٦٦/ ١٠٦، ١٠٧)، والنسائي (٤٢٥٣) من طريق أبى الخير به.\n(^٣) عبد الخالق بن علي بن عبد الخالق بن إسحاق أبو القاسم المحتسب المؤذن، من أهل خراسان، قال عبد الغافر: مشهور ثقة، كثير الحديث والرواية، مبارك الإسناد، سديد الطريقة، قال الذهبي: كان كثير الأمر بالمعروف. توفي سنة (٤٠٥ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١١١٨)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ١١٥.\n(^٤) قال العيني في عمدة القاري ٢/ ٣٠٤: الرِّجس بالكسر، والرَّجَس بالتحريك، والرَّجس مثال كتِف: القذر. يقال: رِجْس نِجْس، ورَجَس نَجَس، ورَجِس نَجِس، إتباع.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٨٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٤) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٦) عبد اللَّه بن أبي الجعد الأشجعي الغطفاني، روى له النسائي حديثًا وابن ماجه آخر، وثقه ابن =","vol":"1","page":48},{"text":"٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرني مالك بنُ أَنَسٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أَمَرَ أن يُستَمتَعَ بجُلودِ المَيتَةِ إذا دُبِغَت (^١). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٢). وروِي عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ وعَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عائشةَ في هذا المَعنَى (^٣).\n\n٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن جَوْنِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ، أن رسولَ اللَّه جاءَ في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ عَلَى (^٤) بَيتٍ، فإِذا قِربَةٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ، فسألَ الماءَ، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. فَقالَ: \"دِباغُها طُهورُها\" (^٥). وهَكَذا رواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحجاج (^٦) وهِشامٌ\n_________\n= حبان. ثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٦٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٨: مقبول.\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٩٨، والنسائي (٤٢٦٣)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٦١٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٢٤). ضعيف أبى داود (٨٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣١٤)، والنسائي (٤٢٥٥ - ٤٢٥٨) من طريق الأسود بن يزيد به. وسيأتى في (٦٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤١٢٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٥٤) من طريق قتادة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٧٣). وسيأتى في (٦٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٠٩ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٠، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٦ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":49},{"text":"الدَّستُوائيُّ (^١) وسعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ في أصَحِّ الروايَتَينِ عنه عن قَتادَةَ مَوصولًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-71>بابُ طهارةِ باطِنِه بالدَّبغِ كطهارةِ ظاهِرِه، وجَوازِ الانتِفاعِ به في المائعاتِ كُلِّها</span>\n\n٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيع، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدَّثنى جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، أن أبا الخَيرِ حدَّثه قال: حدَّثني ابنُ وعلَةَ السَّبائيُّ، قال: سأَلتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: إنَّا نَكونُ بالمَغرِبِ فتأتينا المَجوسُ بالأَسقيَةِ فيها الماءُ والوَدَكُ (^٣). فقالَ: اشرَب. فقُلتُ: أَرأْيٌ تَراهُ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"دِبَاغُها طُهُورُهما\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغيره (^٥).\n\n٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٦٧)، والطبراني (٦٣٤٣) من طريق سعيد عن قتادة عن الحسن عن سلمة به.\n(^٣) الودك: الشحم. المفهم ٥/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٥٣)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٧٠ من طريق جعفر بن ربيعة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٦٦/ ١٠٧).","vol":"1","page":50},{"text":"إِسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِي، عن عِكرِمَةَ (^١)، عن ابنِ عَبّاسٍ، عن سَودَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: ماتَت شاةٌ لَنا فدَبَغنا مَسكَها (^٢)، فما زِلنا نَنتَبِذُ فيه حَتَّى صارَ شَنًّا (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه عَبدَةُ بنُ سليمانَ والفَضلُ بنُ موسَى عن إِسماعيلَ (^٥).\nورواه عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى عن إِسماعيلَ فقالَ: عن مَيمونَةَ بَدَلَ سَودَةَ:\n\n٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ محمد بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المحمَّداباذيُّ (^٦)، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله. فذكره بإِسنادِه عن ميمونة (^٧).\nورواه سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ كما:\n\n٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"عن أنس\".\n(^٢) المسك: الجلد. النهاية ٤/ ٣٣١.\n(^٣) الشن: القربة البالية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٨٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٧٠ من طريق عبدة به. والنسائي (٤٢٥١) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٦) في س: \"المجدابادى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢١٧.\n(^٧) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٧٠، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ٣١١ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وعندهما سودة بدل ميمونة، وقال ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ١/ ٥٨١: في بعض نسخ البخاري. عن ميمونة. بدل سودة.","vol":"1","page":51},{"text":"الصَّفّار، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ماتَت شاة لِسَودَةَ بنتِ زَمعَةَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ماتت فُلانَةُ. تَعنِي الشاة، قال: \"فلَولا أَخَذتُم مسكها؟ \". قالَت: نأْخُذُ مَسْكَ شاةٍ قَد ماتَت؟! فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إنما قال الله تعالَى: ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]. وإِنَّكُم لا تَطعَمونَه، إنَّما تَدبُغونَه فتَنتَفِعونَ به\". فأَرسَلَت إِلَيها، فسَلَخَت مَسْكَها فدَبَغَته، فاتَّخَذَت مِنه قِربَةً حَتَّى تَخَرَّقَت عِندَها (^١).\n\n٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّد والعَبّاسُ النَّرسِيُّ، أن أبا عَوانَةَ حدَّثَهم بإِسنادِه ومَعناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-72>بابُ المَنعِ مِنَ الانتِفاعِ بجِلدِ الكَلبِ والخِنزيرِ وأنَّهُما نَجِسانِ وهُما حَيّانِ</span>\n\n٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ رحِمه الله تعالَى، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٧٦٥) من طريق مسدد به، وأحمد (٣٠٢٦)، وأبو يعلى (٢٣٣٤، ٢٣٦٤) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وقال الذهبي: صحيح.\nوقوله: حتى تخرقت عندها. فيه بيان لمعنى قول سودة: حتى صار شنًّا. المتقدم في حديث (٥٣).","vol":"1","page":52},{"text":"الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا أَسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الشَيّبانيُّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عبدِ اللَّه (^١) بنِ عُكَيمٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ إِلَينا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أن لا تَستَمتِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بإِهاب ولا عَصَب\" (^٢).\n\n٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه السَّعدِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المَليحِ الهُذَلِيِّ، عن أَبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهَى عن جُلودِ السِّباعِ (^٣). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٤). وأبو المَليحِ هو عامِرُ بنُ أُسامَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، وقيل: زَيدُ بنُ أُسامَةَ.\n\n٥٩ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المزنيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سليمانَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا مِنجابُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ وأَبِى رَزينٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا ولَغَ الكلبُ في إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم فليُهرِقْهُ، ثم ليَغسِلْهُ سَبعَ مَرّات\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عبد الرحمن\". وضبب عليها وكتب في الحاشية: \"قلت: هو عبد الله بن عكيم. من خط الحافظ أبى عمرو\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٦١٣) من طريق الشيبانى به، وقال الترمذي: حسن. وتقدم في (٤١، ٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٠٦)، والترمذي (١٧٧٠ م)، والنسائي (٤٢٦٤) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١٤٥٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١٣٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٨٠).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١١٥٥، ١٢٢٤).","vol":"1","page":53},{"text":"رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" (^١) عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، وقالَ فيه: \"فليُرِقْهُ\".\n\n٦٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن [الضحاك بنِ عثمانَ] (^٢)، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَمَنُ الكَلبِ خَبيثٌ، وهو أَخبَثُ مِنه\" (^٣). يوسُفُ بنُ خالِدٍ هو السَّمتيُّ، غَيرُه أَوثَقُ مِنه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-73>بابُ وُقوعِ الدِّباغِ بالقَرَظِ (^٥) أو ما يَقومُ مَقامَه</span>\n\n٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ فرقَدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٧٩/ ٨٩).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ والمستدرك، وفى الضعفاء الكبير وسنن الدارقطني: (الضحاك بن عباد). وهو الصواب. وينظر ميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٢٤، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٢٠١.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٤، ١٥٥. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء الكبير ٢/ ٢٢٠، والدارقطني ١/ ٦٣ من طريق أبى كامل به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٠: بل واهٍ جدًّا. وهو يوسف بن خالد بن عمير السمتى، أبو خالد البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٢١، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٣١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٤٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤٦٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٨٠: تركوه، وكذبه ابن معين.\n(^٥) القرظ: شجر عظام، وهو أجود ما تدبغ به الجلود في أرض العرب، وهي تدبغ بورقه وثمره. تاج العروس ٢٠/ ٢٥٦ (ق ر ظ).","vol":"1","page":54},{"text":"أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حدَّثنى كَثيرُ بنُ فرقَدٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ مالِكِ بنِ حُذافَةَ حدَّثه عن أُمِّه العاليَةِ بنتِ سُبَيعٍ، أن مَيمونَةَ زَوجَ النبي - ﷺ - حَدَّثَتها، أنَّه مَرَّ برسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - رجالِ من قُرَيشٍ يَجُرّونَ شاةً لَهُم مِثلَ الحِمارِ، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لَو أَخَذتُم إِهابَها؟ \". فقالوا: إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"يُطَهِّرُها الماءُ والقَرَظُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ، إِلا أنَّه قالَ: عن أُمِّ العاليَةِ.\n\n٦٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثثا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ فرقَدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مالِكِ بنِ حُذافَةَ، حَدَّثَ (^٢) عن أم العاليَةِ بنتِ سُبَيعٍ أَنَها قالَت: كان لِي غَنَمٌ بأُحُدٍ، فوَقَعَ فيها المَوتُ، فدَخَلتُ على مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبي - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لها، فقالَت لِي مَيمونَةُ: لَو أَخَذتِ جُلودَها فانتَفعتِ بها؟ فقُلتُ: أَوَ يَحِلُّ ذلك؟ قالَت: نَعَم، مَرَّ على رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - رِجالٌ. ثم ذكَر ما بعدَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"هكذا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٥٩١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو يعلى (٧٠٨٦) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"حدثه \"- وفى حاشيتها كالمثبت.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤١٢٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٩١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٣٣) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٧٤).","vol":"1","page":55},{"text":"٦٣ - وأخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحارِثيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النيسابوريُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هانِيءٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيع بنِ طارِقٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوب، عن يونُسَ وعُقَيلٍ، عن الزهريِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللِه، عن ابنِ عَبَّاس، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مرَّ بشاةٍ ميتَةٍ، فقالَ: \"هَلّا انتفعتم بإهابها؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما (^١) حَرُمَ أكلُها\". زادَ عُقَيل: \"أَوَ لَيسَ في الماءِ والقَرَظِ ما يُطَهِّرُها؟ \" (^٢).\n\n٦٤ - وأخبرنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ قال: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيع بنِ طارِقٍ بهذا الإسنادِ مِثلَه، وقالَ: زادَ عُقَيلٌ في حَديثِه: فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أَليسَ في الماءِ والقَرَظِ ما يُطَهِّرُها و(^٣) الدِّباغِ؟ \" (^٤).\n\n٦٥ - وأخبرنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ الصُّوفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ الله بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُغلِّسِ وأَنا سأَلتُه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ بنِ حامِدٍ البَلْخِيُّ، حدثنا مَعروفُ بنُ حَسّانَ الخُراسانيُّ، حدثنا [عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ] (^٥)، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵁ - قالَت: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"استمتعوا بجُلودِ المَيتَةِ إذا هِيَ دُبِغَت؛ تُرابًا أَو رَمادًا أَو مِلحًا أَو\n_________\n(^١) في م: \" إنها\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٤١، ٤٢. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٤٩: رواه الدارقطني بإسناد حسن.\n(^٣) في م: \"أو\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٢. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٥٤) عن محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٥) في س، أ: \"عمرو بن دينار\".","vol":"1","page":56},{"text":"ما كان بعدَ أن [يَرُدَّ صَلاحَه\" أَو: \"يريدَ\" الشَّكُّ مني] (^١) (^٢). قال أبو أحمد: هذا مُنكَرٌ بهذا الإسنادِ. ومَعروفُ بنُ حَسّانَ السَّمَرقَندِيُّ يُكنَى أبا مُعاذٍ، مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-74>بابُ اشتِراط الدِّباغِ في طهارَةِ جِلدِ ما لا يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه وإن ذُكِّيَ</span>\n\n٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ (^٤) قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، أن عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ وعلَةَ أخبرَه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا دُبِغَ الإِهابُ فقَد طَهَرَ\" (^٥). أخرجه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" بهذا اللَّفظِ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدٍ: \"إذا دُبغ الإِهابُ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا بخط ابن الصلاح\". وفي س: \"يريد صلاحه أو يزيل الشك منى\"، وفي أ: \"يريد صلاحه، أو يريد الشك مني\". وفى م: \"يزيد صلاحه أو يزيل الشك عنه\"، وفي الدارقطني: \"تريد صلاحه\".\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٣٢٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٩ عن أحمد بن محمد بن مغلس به، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢١: لم يصح هذا.\n(^٣) معروف بن حسان، أبو معاذ السمرقندى. قال الذهبي: واهٍ. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣٢٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٤٣، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٦١.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\" وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٤/ ٢٠٨ من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به. وتقدم في (٤٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٦٦/ ١٠٥).","vol":"1","page":57},{"text":"٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه [الحُرْفِيُّ في] (^١) الحَربيَّةِ (^٢) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"طُهورُ كُلِّ أديمٍ (^٣) دِباغُه\" (^٤). رواتُه كُلُّهُم ثِقات.\n\n٦٨ - وأَمّا الحديث الذي أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِي، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّام، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن جَونِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أَتَى على بَيتٍ قدامة قِربَة مُعَلَّقَة، فسأَلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - الشَّرابَ، فقالوا: إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. فقالَ: \"ذكاتُها دباغها\" (^٥). فهَكَذا رواه عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. وقَد روّيناه مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ عن هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى قال: \"دِباغُها\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بن الحربى من أهل\".\nوهو الشيخ المسند العالم، سمع أبا بكر النجاد وأبا بكر الشافعي وغيرهما، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه، وكان ثقة. توفي سنة (٤٢٣ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٣٠٣، والأنساب ٢/ ٢٠٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤١١.\n(^٢) الحربية: محلة كبيرة مشهرة ببغداد. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٣) في م: \"إهاب\".\n(^٤) الغيلانيات لأبي بكر الشافعي (٨٥٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن الهيثم به، وقال: إسناده حسن كلهم ثقات.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٦١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٦ من طريق عفان به. وسيأتى في (٦٩)، وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٤٩: إسناده صحيح.","vol":"1","page":58},{"text":"طُهورُها\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^١). ورواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ كما:\n\n٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ (^٢)، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن جَونِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ الهذلِيِّ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"دِباغُ الأديمِ ذَكاتُه\" (^٣). وفي قِصَةِ الحديثِ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه في جِلدِ ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه، وفي طُرُقِه دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بالذَّكاةِ طَهارَتُه. وفي رِوايَةِ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن أَبيه في هذا الحديثِ: أنَّه دَعا بماءٍ مِن عندِ امرأَةٍ، فقالَت: ما عِندِي إِلا في قِربَةٍ لي مَيتَةٍ. فقالَ: \"أَلَيسَ قَد دَبَغتِها؟ \". قالَت: بَلَى. قال: \"فإِنَّ ذَكاتَها دِباغُها\" (^٤).\n\n٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارون، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ (^٥)، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن أَبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن جُلودِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١).\n(^٢) محمد بن الحسن بن فورك أبو بكر الأصبهانى، الإمام العلامة الصالح شيخ المتكلمين، قال الذهبي: كان أشعريا رأسا في فن الكلام، أخذ عن أبي الحسن الباهلى صاحب الأشعرى. قتل مسموما سنة (٤٠٦ هـ). ينظر وفيات الأعيان ٤/ ٢٧٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢١٤.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٣٣٩)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٧١) من طريق هشام به.\nقال ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٤٩: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٥٤)، والحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٥٥ من طريق معاذ بن هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٩٥٧).\n(^٥) ضبط في الأصل بفتح الكاف، وكتب فوقها: كذا بخط ابن الصلاح.","vol":"1","page":59},{"text":"السِّباع أن تُفرَشَ. كَذا أخبرنا (^١)، ورواه غَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ [عن يَزيدَ عن أبي المَليحِ] (^٢) مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ أَبيهِ (^٣).\n\n٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّذْباريُّ، أخبرَ نا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ بنِ سعيدٍ الحمصيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن بَحيرٍ (^٤)، عن خالِدٍ قال: وفَدَ المِقدامُ بنُ مَعديكَرِبَ إلى مُعاويَةَ فقالَ: وأَنشُدُكَ باللَّهِ، هَل تَعلَمُ أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُبسِ جُلودِ السِّباعِ والرُّكوبِ عَلَيها؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-75>بابُ طَهارَةِ جِلدِ ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه إذا كان ذَكيًّا</span>\n\n٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ وأيوُّب بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقَيُّ وعَمرُو بنُ عثمانَ الحمصيُّ قالوا: حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، أخبرَنا هِلالُ بنُ ميمون الجهنيُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، قال هِلال: لا أعلمُه إِلا عن أبي سعيدٍ. وقالَ أيوُّب وعَمرٌو: أُراه عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مرَّ بغُلامٍ يَسلُخُ شاةً، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - \" تنحَّ حتَّىَ أريك\" فأَدخَلَ يَدَه بَينَ الجِلدِ واللَّحمِ، فدَحَسَ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٩٧) عن إبراهيم بن عبد الله به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٧١) من طريق غندر عن شعبة به وقال: وهذا أصح. وينظر حديث (٥٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"بحر\" وهي كذلك في حاشية النسخة \"س\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٠.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤١٣١). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٦٦) عن عمرو بن عثمان به. صحيح سنن أبى داود (٣٤٧٩).\nوسيأتي في (٦١٧٧).\n(^٦) في س \"فدحش\". ودحس يده يريد أنه أدخل يده دسًّا بين اللحم والجلد. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٢١١.","vol":"1","page":60},{"text":"بها حَتَّى تَوارَت إلى الإبْطِ، ثم مَضَى فصَلَّى للنّاسِ (^١) ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٢). قالَ أبو داودَ: زادَ عمرٌو في حَديثِه: يَعنِي لم يَمَسَّ ماءً. وقالَ: عن هِلالِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الرَّملِيِّ. قال أبو داودَ: ورواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ عن هِلالٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا، لم يَذكُرْ أبا سَعيدٍ.\n\n٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ أحمدَ العَبْدُوِيُّ (^٤) الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي الجَهمِ، أخبرَنا المِنهالُ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا بَزيغٌ أبو الحَوارِيِّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، قال: كُنَّا نَنقُلُ الماءَ في جُلودِ الإبِلِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ولا يُنكِرُ عَلَينا (^٥). وهذا الإسنادُ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-76>بابُ المَنعِ مِنَ الانتِفاعِ بشَعَرِ المَيتَةِ</span>\n\n٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالناس\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٧٩) عن أبي كريب به. صحيح أبي داود (١٧٠).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عمرو\". والمثبت هو الصواب. وتقدمت ترجمته ص ١٣.\n(^٤) في س: \"العبدي\". وقال في الإكمال ٦/ ٢٥٠: العبدويي بضم الدال، وبعدها واو ساكنة وياءان، ويقال العبدوي -بكسر الواو تليها ياء النسبة- والدال على هذا مضمومة عند أهل الحديث ومفتوحة عن أهل العربية.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٤/ ١٩٣، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٦٠٥٥) من طريق المنهال بن بحر به.","vol":"1","page":61},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ طَهمانَ الرَّقاشِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: قال مُعاويَةُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَركَبوا الخَزَّ ولا النِّمارَ (^١) \". قال محمدٌ: وكانَ مُعاويَةُ إذا حدَّث مِثلَ هذا عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لم يُتَّهَمْ (^٢). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣)، وهو في الخَزِّ مَحمولٌ على التنزيه، ودَليلُه يَرِدُ في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ إِن شاءَ الله تَعالَى (^٤). ورَوَى أبو شيخٍ الهنائيُّ عن مُعاويَةَ هَكَذا في جُلودِ النُمورِ (^٥).\n\n٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ النابلسيِّ (^٦) بالرَّملة قال: حدَّث أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ البَغدادِيُّ وأَنا حاضِر، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبي، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"ادفِنوا الأظفارَ والشَّعَرَ والدَّمَ؛ فإِنَّها (^٧) مَيتَةٌ\" (^٨). قال أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ (^٩): عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ حَدَّثَ عن أَبيه عن نافِعٍ بأَحاديثَ لم يُتابِعْهُ\n_________\n(^١) الخز: ثياب تنسج من الصوف والحرير. والنمار: جلود النمور. النهاية ٢/ ٢٨، ٥/ ١١٧، ١١٨.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٠٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٥٦) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤١٢٩). صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٧٧).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٦١٨٧ - ٦١٩٠).\n(^٥) سيأتي مسندا في (٨٩٣٨).\n(^٦) في الأصل، س: \"البابلى\"، وفي م: \"الباهلى\".\n(^٧) في س: \"فإنه\".\n(^٨) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥١٨. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٢٧٩ من طريق عبد الله به.\n(^٩) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥١٧.","vol":"1","page":62},{"text":"أَحَدٌ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالى: هذا إِسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، قَد روِى في دَفنِ الظُّفُرِ والشَّعَرِ أَحاديثُ أَسانيدُها ضِعافٌ.\n\n٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي واقِدٍ قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"ما قُطِعَ مِنَ البَهيمَةِ وهِيَ حَيَّةٌ فهو مَيتَةٌ\" (^٢).\nوقَد يُحتَجُّ بهذا الحديثِ في الشَّعَرِ والظُّفُرِ، وإِنَّما ورَدَ على سَبَبٍ، وهو فيما:\n\n٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ، عن ريدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ قال: قَدِمَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - المَدينةَ والنّاسُ يحبُّون أَسنامَ الإبِلِ ويَقطَعونَ أَلياتِ الغَنَمِ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما قُطِعَ مِنَ البَهيمَةِ وهِيَ حَيَّةٌ فهوَ مَيتةٌ\" (^٣). وقدِ احتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا بما:\n_________\n(^١) عبد اللَّه بن عبد العزيز بن أبي رواد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٤٠١، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلي ٢/ ٢٧٩، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٢/ ١٣٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٤٥٥.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٥٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٠٤)، والترمذي (١٤٨٠) من طريق أبى النضر هاشم بن القاسم به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث زيد بن أسلم، والعمل على هذا عند أهل العلم.=","vol":"1","page":63},{"text":"٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرنا أبو عاصِمٍ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ واللفظ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنى (^١) عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: أخبرَني عَطاءٌ مُنذُ حينٍ قال: أخبرني ابنُ عباسٍ، أن مَيمونَةَ أخبرَته أن داجِنَةً (^٢) كانَت لِبَعضِ نِساءِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فماتَت، فقال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أَلا أَخَذتُم إِهابَها فاستَمتَعتُم به؟ \" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِيِّ (^٤). قال: فخَصَّ الإهابَ بالاستِمتاعِ بهِ.\nومَن قال بالقَولِ الآخَرِ احتج بما:\n\n٧٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهاب قال: حدَّثَني عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - وجَدَ شاةً ميِّتةً أُعطيَتْها مَولاةٌ لِمَيمونَةَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فقال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"هَلَّا انتَفَعتُم بجِلدِها؟ \". فقالوا: إنَّها مَيتَةٌ. فقالَ: \"إنما حَرُمَ أكَلُها\" (^٥). أخرَجَه\n_________\n= وسيأتي في (١٨٩٥٦).\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أبو\".\n(^٢) الداجنة: الشاة التي يعلفها الناس في منازلهم. الفائق ١/ ٤١١.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٤٨)، وابن حبان (١٢٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٦٤/ ١٠٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٥٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٧٢، وابن حبان (١٢٨٤) من طريق =","vol":"1","page":64},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي طاهِرٍ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١). قالوا: فخَصَّ الأكلَ بالتَّحريمِ.\nوقَد رَوَى أبو بكرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ في هذا الحديثِ زيادَةً لم يُتابِعْهُ عَلَيها ثِقَةٌ:\n\n٨٠ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الهذليُّ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: إنَّما حَرُمَ مِنَ المَيتَةِ ما يؤكَلُ مِنها وهو اللَّحمُ، فأَمّا الجِلدُ والسِّنُّ والعَظمُ والشعر والصُّوفُ فهوَ حَلالٌ (^٢). قال عَلِيٌّ: أبو بكرٍ الهذليُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمد قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: هذا الحديثُ لَيسَ يَرويه إِلا أبو بكرٍ الهذليُّ عن الزَّهريِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كُرِهَ مِنَ\n_________\n= ابن وهب به.\n(^١) البخاري (١٤٩٢)، ومسلم (٣٦٣/ ١٠١).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٦، ٤٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٤).\n(^٣) سُلْمَى بن عبد اللَّه بن سُلْمَى، أبو بكر الهذلي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٩٨، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلي ٢/ ١٧٧، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٥٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٥٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٠١: متروك الحديث.","vol":"1","page":65},{"text":"المَيتَةِ لَحمُها، فأما السِّنُّ والشَّعَرُ والقَدُّ (^١) فلا بأْسَ بهِ (^٢). قال يَحيَى (^٣): أبو بكرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ لَيسَ بشَيءٍ.\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: وقَد رواه عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ بإسنادِه: إنَّما حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِنَ المَيتَةِ لَحمَها، فأمّا الجِلدُ والشَّعَرُ والصُّوفُ فلا بأَسَ بهِ.\n\n٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأُبُلَيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ البُسرِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن أَخيه عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، فذكَره بإسنادِهِ (^٥). قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ رحِمه الله تعالَى: عبدُ الجَبّارِ ضَعيفٌ (^٦).\n\n٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحارثيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أبو طَلحَةَ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ محمدٍ ببَيروتَ، حدثنا أبو أَيُّوبَ سليمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ السَّفْرِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ\n_________\n(^١) القد: جلد السخلة الماعزة. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٦٨٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٨).\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدوري (٣٢٨١، ٣٥٢٦).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الأيلى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٧٥، ٧٦.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٧، ٤٨، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٢).\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٨.\nوعبد الجبار بن مسلم الدمشقي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ١٣٦، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٨٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٣٤، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٣٨٩.","vol":"1","page":66},{"text":"قال: سمعتُ أُمَّ سلمة زَوج النبي - ﷺ - تَقولُ: سَمِعت رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا بأس بمسكِ المَيتَةِ إذا دُبِغَ، ولا بأس بصوفها وشَعَرِها وقُرونِها إذا غُسِلَ بالماءِ\" (^١). قال عَلِيٌّ: يوسُف بنُ السَّفْرِ مَتروكٌ، ولَم يأتِ به غَيرُه (^٢).\nأخبرنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافط، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بن إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ القَبّانِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: يوسُف بنُ السَّفْر أبو الفَيضِ كاتِبُ الأوزاعيِّ مُنكَرُ الحديث (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِي عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ قَيسٍ البصريِّ، سمِع ابن مَسعودٍ يقولُ: إنَّما حَرُم مِنَ المَيتَةِ لَحمُها ودَمُها.\n\n٨٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ (^٥)، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا (*) محمدُ بن سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بن إِسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٧، وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٥٨ (٥٣٨)، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٧٨) من طريق سليمان بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) يوسف بن السفر، أبو الفيض الشامي كاتب الأوزاعي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٢٣، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلي ٤/ ٤٥٢، والضعفاء لأبى نعيم ص ١٦٥، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"القتباني\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٧٩)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٨٧، والضعفاء الصغير (٤٠٩).\n(^٥) محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن محمد أبو بكر الفارسي النيسابورى المشاط القاضي، قال عبد الغافر: الثقة العدل، الكثير السماع والحديث. استشهد سنة (٤٢٨ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٣٢)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٢٩، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٦، و(حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ- ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ١٣٨، ٢٤١، ٣١٠.\n(*) من ها تبدأ نسخة (٧٢١ حديث) بدار الكتب المصرية، ويرمز لها بالرمز (د).","vol":"1","page":67},{"text":"البخاريُّ قال: قالَه إِسرائيلُ عن حُمرانَ بنِ أَعيَنَ عن أبي حَربٍ يعني عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ قيسٍ (^١).\nومَن قال بطَهارَةِ الشَّعَرِ الذي على جِلدِ المَيتَةِ إذا دُبِغَ الجِلدُ، احتَجَّ بما:\n\n٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٢) بنِ أَيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرَّازيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيع بنِ طارِقٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوب، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، أن أبا الخَيرِ حدَّثَه قال: رأَيتُ علَى ابنِ وعلَةَ السبائيِّ فروًا، فمَسِستُه فقال: ما لَكَ تمسُّهُ؟ قَد سأَلتُ عنه ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: إنا نكون بالمَغرِبِ ومعنا البَربَرُ والمَجوسُ، نُؤتَى بالكَبشِ فيَذبَحونَه ونَحنُ لا نأكل ذَبائحَهُم، ونُؤتَى بالسِّقاء فيه الوَدَكُ. فقالَ ابنُ عبَّاس: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"دِباغُه طُهُورُه\" (^٣). رواه مسلمُ بنُ الحجاج في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن عمرِو بنِ الرَّبيع (^٤).\n\n٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ البيهقيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن أبي بَحرٍ -وكانَ يَنزِلُ بالكوفَةِ وكانَ أَصلُه بصريًّا- يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٧١.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٣) عن أبي حاتم الرازي به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٦٦/ ١٠٦).","vol":"1","page":68},{"text":"قال في الفِراءِ: ذَكاتُه دِباغُه (^١). هَكَذا رواه شُعبَةُ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى.\n\n٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جعفرٍ (^٢)، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، فأَتاه رجلٌ ذو ضَفيرَتَينِ فقالَ: يا أبا عيسَى، حَدِّثْنِي ما سَمِعتَ مِن أَبيكَ في الفِراءِ. قالَ: حدَّثَني أبى أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَتاه رجلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أُصَلِّي في الفِراءِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"فأَينَ الدِّباغُ؟ \". قال ثابِتٌ: فلَمّا ولَّى قُلتُ: مَن هذا؟ قالَ: سوَيدُ بنُ غَفَلَةَ (^٣).\nورواه بَعضُ النّاسِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ موسَى بإِسنادِه عن ثابِتٍ عن أَنَسٍ، وهو غَلَطٌ:\n\n٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ يُعرَفُ بأَبِي الشيخِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الوَليدِ الثَّقَفَيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأزدِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانيِّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فقالَ له رجلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كَيفَ تَرَى في الصَّلاةِ في الفِراءِ؟ فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٣١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٢) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٢) في د: \"جبير\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٨/ ٤٢٠، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢١٣ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به، وسيأتى في (٤٢٥٠).","vol":"1","page":69},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"فأَينَ الدِّباغُ؟ \". الإسنادُ الأوَّلُ أَولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا، وابنُ أبى لَيلَى هذا كَثيرُ الوَهْمِ (^١).\n\n٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إِبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها سُئلَت عن الفِراءِ، فقالَت: لعلَّ دِباغَها يَكونُ ذَكاتَها (^٢) \".\n\n٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمٍّ الفَقيهُ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوهَّاب، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: سألَ داوُدُ السَّرّاجُ الحَسَنَ عن جُلودِ النُّمورِ والسَّمّور (^٤) تُدبَغُ بالمِلحِ. قال: دِباغُها طُهُورُها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) هو محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى أبو عبد الرحمن الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٦٢٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٨٤: صدوق سيئ الحفظ جدا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٣٣ - مسند ابن عباس)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٧٠ من طريق إبراهيم النخعى به.\n(^٣) محمد بن محمد بن حم بن أبي المعروف، أبو الحسن الإسفراييني المهرجاني الفقيه، قال عبد الغافر: فاضل ثقة مستور، قدم نيسابور، وكتب عنه بإسفرايين، وكان مفتيها، كف في آخر عمره، ... وتوفي بإسفرايين. ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٥٧).\n(^٤) السمور: دابة معروفة ببلاد الروس تشبه، ومنها أسود لامع وأشقر، يتخذ من جلدها فراء غالية الأثمان. تاج العروس ١٢/ ٨١ (س م ر).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٤٢ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن هشام وفيه: \"عطية السراج\" السراج\" بدلا من: \"داود السراج\".","vol":"1","page":70},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى عمرُو بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحسنِ في صوفِ المَيتَةِ: اغسِلْه.\nوروي عن عَطاءِ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذلك (^١).\nوروى عن ابنِ سيرينَ والحَكَمِ وحَمادٍ أنَّهُم كَرِهوا استِعمالَ شَعَرِ الخِنزيرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-77>بابٌ في شَعَرِ النبي - ﷺ </span>-\n\n٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسف بنِ أحمدَ الأصبهاني، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزعفرانيُّ، حدثنا سفيان بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامٍ يَعنِي ابنَ حَسّانَ، محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بن مالكٍ قال: لَمّا رَمَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - الجَمرَةَ ونَحَرَ هَديَه ناوَلَ الحَلَّاقَ شِقَّه الأيمَنَ فحَلَقَه، فناوَلَه أبا طَلحَةَ، ثم ناوَلَه شِقَّه الأيسَرَ فحَلَقَه، وأَمَرَه أن يَقسِمَ بَينَ النّاسِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عمرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤)، وقالَ في آخِرِ الحديثِ: ثم دَعا أبا طَلحَةَ الأنصارِيَّ فقال: \"اقسِمْه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٠٧).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٦٦٧، ٢٥٦٦٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٩٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٨٢)، والترمذي (٩١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٨)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتى في (١٣٥٤٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٠٥/ ٣٢٦).","vol":"1","page":71},{"text":"بَينَ النّاسِ\". وأخرَجَ البخاريُّ بَعضَ مَعناه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^١).\n\n٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أن أبا سلمةَ حدَّثه، أن محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ حدَّثه، أن أباه شَهِدَ المَنحَرَ عِندَ النبي - ﷺ - هو ورَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، قال: فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بَينَ أصحابِه ضَحايا، فلَم يُصِبْه ولا صاحِبَه. قال: فحَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - رأسَه في ثَوبِه فأَعطاهُ، فقَسَمَ مِنه على رِجالٍ، قلَّمَ أظفارَه فأَعطَى صاحِبَه، فإِنَّه عِندَنا لَمَخضوبٌ بالحِنَّاءِ والكَتَمِ (^٢). تابَعَه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ عن أبانٍ (^٣). والخِضابُ مِن عِندِهِم لِكَي لا يَتَغَيَّرَ، والله أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-78>بابُ المَنعِ مِنَ الادِّهانِ في عِظامِ الفِيَلَةِ وغَيِرها مِمّا لا يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه</span>\n\n٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ رحِمه الله تعالَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبهاني، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ وأَبِى بشرٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن كُل ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السباع كُل ذِى مِخلَبٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٣٢) من طريق حبان بن هلال به. وأحمد (١٦٤٧٤، ١٦٤٧٥) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٢٩٣١).","vol":"1","page":72},{"text":"مِنَ الطَّيرِ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن أبي داودَ الطيالِسِي (^٢).\n\n٩٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ حَسانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ (ح) وحدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، قال: وأخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا صَدَقَة، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مُخَيمِرَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عُكَيمٍ، حدثنا مَشيَخَةٌ لَنا مِن جُهَينَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إليهم: \"أنْ لا تَستَمتِعوا مِنَ المَيتَةِ بشَئ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ قال: ورَوَى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ دينارٍ أنَّه سمِع ابنَ عمرَ يَكرَهُ أن يَدَّهِنَ في مُدهُنٍ (^٤) مِن عِظامِ الفيلِ لأَنَّه مَيتَةٌ (^٥). هَكَذا ذكَره في الجَديدِ.\nورواه في القَديمِ، كما:\n\n٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٨٦٨)، وعنه أحمد (٢٧٤٧، ٣٥٤٤). وسيأتى في (١٩٣٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٣٤/ ...).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٤٧) عن الحكم بن موسى به. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٦٧، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٢٧ - مسند ابن عباس)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٦٨ من طريق صدقة بن خالد به. والحديث تقدم في (٤١ - ٤٣).\n(^٤) المدهن: ما يجعل فيه الدهن. المصباح المنير ص ٧٧ (د هـ ن).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦)، الشافعي في الأم ١/ ٩.","vol":"1","page":73},{"text":"ابنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفرانيُّ، عن الشافعيِّ قال: أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يدَّهِنَ في عَظمِ فيلٍ. وفي مَوضِع آخَرَ: أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ عِظامَ الفيلِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ الانتِفاعَ بعِظامِ الفيَلَةِ وأَنيابِها (^٢). وعَن طاوُسٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أنَّهُما كَرِها العاجَ (^٣).\n\n٩٦ - وأما الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الشّامِيِّ، عن سليمانَ المَنْبِهيِّ (^٤)، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا سافَرَ كان آخِرَ عَهدِه بإِنسانٍ مِن أهلِه فاطِمَةُ، وأَوَّلَ مَن يَدخُلُ عَلَيها إذا قَدِمَ فاطِمَةُ، فقَدِمَ مِن غَزاةٍ له وقَد عَلَّقَت مِسْحًا (^٥) أو سِتْرًا على بابِها، وحَلَّتِ الحَسَنَ والحُسَينَ قُلبَينِ (^٦) مِن فِضَّةٍ، فقَدِمَ فلَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧)، وإبراهيم بن محمد هو ابن أبي يحيى شيخ الشافعي، قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٦: إبراهيم واهٍ. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٢: متروك.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٠٩).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢١٢).\n(^٤) قال الخزرجي في الخلاصة ص ١٥٥: بفتح الميم وإسكان النون. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٣١: بنون ثم موحدة مكسورة.\n(^٥) المسح: ثوب من الشعر غليظ. تاج العروس ٧/ ١٢٢ (م س ح).\n(^٦) القُلْب: السوار، وقيل: هو ما كان إدارة واحدة، ويل: إنما القلب سوار من عظم. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٤.","vol":"1","page":74},{"text":"يَدخُلْ، فظَنَّت أنما مَنَعَه أن يَدخُلَ ما رأَى، فهَتَكَتِ الستر وفَكَّتِ القُلبَينِ عن الصَّبيَّينِ، وقَطَعَته بَينَهُما، فانطَلَقا إلى رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - وهُما يَبكيانِ، فأَخَذَه مِنهُما، وقال: \"يا ثوبان، اذهَب بهذا إلى آلِ فلانٍ -أهلِ بَيتٍ بالمَدينَةِ- إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ أهلُ بَيتي، أكرَهُ اُن يأكلوا طيِّبَاتهم في حَياتِهِمُ الدُنيا، يا ثَوبانُ، اشتَرِ لِفاطِمَةَ قلادةً من عَصْبٍ (^١) وسوارَين من عاجٍ\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ بنُ عديٍّ الحافظ (^٣): حُمَيدٌ الشاميُّ هذا إنَّما أُنكِرَ عليه هذا الحديثُ، وهو حَديثُه لم أعلَمْ له غَيرَه (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عِصمَةَ، حدثنا أبو طالِب أحمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: سأَلتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ عن حُمَيدٍ الشاميِّ هذا، قال: لا أعرفه (٣). وأخبرنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأَبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الأُشنانِيُّ (^٥) قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) قال الخطابي: إن لم تكن الثياب اليمانية فلا أدري ما هي، وما أرى أن القلادة تكون منها. معالم السنن ٤/ ٢١٢. وفي لسان العرب ١/ ٦٠٢: وقال أبو موسى: يحتمل عندى أن الرواية إنما هي \"العصَب\" بفتح الصاد، وهي أطناب مفاصل الحيوانات ... ذكر لي بعض أهل اليمن أن العصب سن دابة بحرية تسمى فرس فرعون يتخذ منها الخرز وغير الخرز.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢١٣)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٨٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٦٣) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد به، وضعفه النووى في المجموع ١/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٦٨٦.\n(^٤) هو حميد بن أبي حميد الشامي. قال الذهبي: لا يعرف. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٣٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤١٢، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦١٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٠٤: مجهول.\n(^٥) أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن حمدون، أبو بكر الأشنانى النيسابورى الصيدلانى، قال عبد الغافر: جليل، ثقة، من كبار الصالحين. وقال الذهبي: ثقة جليل، صالح عابد. توفي سنة (٤١٦ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٧٧)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٩٧.\n(^٦) في س، د، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"1","page":75},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدراميُّ يقولُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعين: فحُمَيدٌ الشاميُّ كَيفَ حَديثُه الذي يَروِي؛ حَديثُ ثَوبانَ عن سليمانَ المَنبهيِّ؟ فقالَ: ما أعرِفُهُما (^١).\nوروِى فيه حَديثٌ آخَرُ مُنكَرٌ:\n\n٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الطرائفيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ (^٢) واللفظ له، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَداباذِيُّ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه الجُرجُسيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أخَذَ مَضجَعَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ وضَعَ طَهورَه وسِواكَه ومِشطَه، فإِذا هَبَّه الله تعالَى مِنَ اللَّيلِ استاكَ وتَوَضَّأَ وامتَشَطَ. قال: ورأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَمتَشِطُ بمِشطٍ مِن عاجٍ (^٤). قال عثمانُ: هذا مُنكَرٌ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: رِوايَةُ بقيَّة عن شُيوخِه المَجهولينَ ضَعيفَةٌ (^٦). وقَد قال\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي ص ٩٧ (٢٦٨). وأخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٨٦ من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) في م: \"المجدابادى\". وهو جامع بن أحمد بن محمد بن مهدى أبو الخير النيسابورى المحمداباذى الوكيل، سمع من أبى طاهر المحمداباذي، قال عبد الغافر: قديم معروف، توفي سنة (٤٠٧ هـ).\nينظر المنتخب من السياق (٤٥١)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢٢١.\n(^٣) في م: \"المجدابادى\". وتقدم في ص ٥١. وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٥/ ٢١٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٦) بالاسناد الأول. وأخرجه أبو الشيخ في أخلاق النبي - ﷺ - ص ١٨٤ من طريق بقية بن الوليد به.\n(^٥) الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٦) هو بقية بن الوليد الكلاعي الحميري، أبو يحمد الحمص. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل=","vol":"1","page":76},{"text":"أبو سليمانَ الخطابيُّ (^١): قال الأصمَعيُّ: العاجُ الذَّبلُ (^٢). ويُقالُ: هو عَظمُ ظَهرِ السُّلَحفاةِ البحريَّةِ، وأَمّا العاجُ الذي تَعرِفُه العامَّةُ فهوَ عَظمُ أنيابِ الفيَلَةِ، وهو مَيتَةٌ لا يَجوزُ استِعمالُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-79>بابُ المَنعِ مِنَ الشُّربِ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ</span>\n\n٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"الذي يَشرَبُ في آنية الفضة إنما يُجَرجِرُ في بَطنِه نارَ (^٣) جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ\n_________\n= ٢/ ٤٣٤، والتاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٥٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٠٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٩٢، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣٣١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٠٥: صدوق كثير التدليس عن الضعفاء.\n(^١) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢١٢.\n(^٢) الذبل: جلد السلحفاة البحرية أو البرية، أو عظام ظهر دابة بحرية تتخذ منها الأسورة والأمشاط. تاج العروس ٢٩/ ٩ (ذ ب ل).\n(^٣) قال المازري: وأما قوله \"يجرجر\" فقد يريد به يصوت، والجرجرة صوت البعير عند الهدير فعلى هذا تكون الرواية \"نارُ جهنم\" بالرفع، وقد يكون \"يجرجر\" بمعنى يتجرع فتكون الرواية على هذا \"نارَ جهنم\" بنصب الراء. وقال النووى: والنصب هو الصحيح المشهور. المعلم ٣/ ٧٣، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٤/ ٢٧، ٢٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨)، والصغرى (٢١٨، ٢١٩)، والخلافيات (١٠١)، والشافعي ١/ ١٠=","vol":"1","page":77},{"text":"ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كلاهما عن مالكٍ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه مسلم عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ والوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ عن نافِع، زادَ: \"إن الذي يأكُلُ ويَشرَبُ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَب والفضة\" (^٢).\nوذِكر الأكلِ والذَّهَبِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ في غَيرِ روايَةِ عَلَيٍّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، وقد رواه غَيرُ مُسلِمٍ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبةَ والوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ دونَ ذِكرِهِما (^٣). والله أعلمُ.\n\n٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ سويد بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ يقولُ: نَهانا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن سَبعٍ؟ نَهانا عن خاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ -أو قال: حَلْقَةِ الذَهَبِ- وعَنِ الحَريرِ، والإستَبرَقِ، والدّيباجِ، والمِيثَرَةِ الحَمراءِ، والقَسَيِّ (^٤)، وآنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ (^٥).\n_________\n= ومالك ٢/ ٩٢٤، ٩٢٥، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٤٢).\n(^١) البخارى (٥٦٣٤)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٦٥/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٣٨٧ (٩٢٦) عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة به.\n(^٤) الميثرة: وطاء محشو، يصنع من حرير أو ديباج، يترك على رحل البعير تحت الراكب، والقسى: ثياب مضلعة بالحرير تعمل بالقس -بفتح القاف وهو موضع ببلاد مصر- وقيل: هي ثياب كتان مخلوط بحرير. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧٨، ٥/ ١٥٠، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٣٤.\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٢٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٠٤،١٨٥٠٥) والبخاري (٢٤٤٥،١٢٣٩، =","vol":"1","page":78},{"text":"أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَم، وأَخرَجَه مسلم من وجهٍ آخرَ عن شعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠٠ - ورواه أبو إسحاق الشيباني عن أشعث، وزادَ فيه: ونَهانا عن الشُّرب في الفضَّةِ؛ \"فإِنَّه مَن يَشرَبْ فيها في الدُّنيا لا يَشرَبْ في الآخِرَةِ\". أخبرَناه أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبوَنا جعفر بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاق الشيبانيُّ. فذكرَه (^٢). أخرجاه جَميعًا من أوجُهٍ عن الشيبانيُّ (^٣).\n\n١٠١ - حدثنا السَّيِّد أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويه بنِ سَهلٍ المووزيُّ، حدَّثنا مَحمود (^٤) بنُ آدَمَ، حدَّثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا أبو فروَةَ الجُهَنِيُّ، سمِع عبدَ اللَّه بن عُكَيمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن حُذَيفَةَ بتِ اليَمانِ، أئه استَسقَى بالمَدائنِ، فأَتاه دِهقانٌ (^٥) بإِناءٍ من فِضَّةٍ فحَذَفَه -قال: وكانَ حُذَيْفَةُ رجلًا فيه حُدِّه-فقال:\n_________\n= ٥٦٥٠، ٦٢٢٢، ٦٦٥٤)، والترمذي (٢٨٠٩)، والنسائي (٣٧٨٧) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى في (٥٩١٢، ٦٦٥١، ١٩٨٩٣).\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٨٧٥٥) من طريق محمد بن عبد الوهاب به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٣٢)، والترمذي (١٧٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٨٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق الشيبانى به. وسيأتى في (١١٦١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٣٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٤) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٥) الدهقان: فارسي معرب، وهم زعماء القرى من العجم والفرس. إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"1","page":79},{"text":"إنِّي أعتَذِرُ إلَيكُم مِن هذا، إنِّي كُنتُ قَد تَقَدَّمتُ إلَيه، وإنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قامَ فينا، فنَهانا أن نَشرَبَ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفضة، وإن نَلبَسَ الحَريرَ والديباج، وقال: \"هو لهم في الذنيا، وهو لكم في الآخِرَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عمرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-80>بابُ المَنعِ مِنَ الأكلِ في صِحافِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ</span>\n\n١٠٢ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ إبراهيمَ الشافعيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سَيف قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقول: حدَّثنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي لَيلَى أنَّهُم كانوا عِندَ حُذَيفَةَ فاستَسقَى، فسَقاه مجوسيٌّ بقَدَحِ فضةٍ، فلمَّا وضَعَ القَدَحَ في يَدِه رَماه به، ثم قال: لَولا أنِّي نَهَيتُه غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ ولا مَرَّتَينِ -يقولُ أبو نُعَيمٍ: كأنه يقولُ: لم أصنَعْ هذا- ولَكِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَلبَسوا الحَريرَ ولا الديباج، ولا تَشرَبوا في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ، ولا تأكلوا في صِحافِها؛ فإِنَّها لَهُم في الدُّنيا ولكُم في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٣١٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٦٧) عقب (٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤١٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٤٤٦، ٨٤٤٧) من طريق أبى نعيم به، وسيأتى في (٦١٣٣، ٦١٣٤).","vol":"1","page":80},{"text":"سَيفِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ (^١).\n\n١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أحمدَ الأديبُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدَّثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى نَجيحٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: استَسقَى حُذَيفَةُ، فأَتاه دِهقانٌ بإِناءِ فِضَّةٍ، فأَخَذَه فرَماه به، وقال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهانا أن نَشرَبَ في آنيةِ الذَهَبِ والفِضَّةِ، وأَن نأكلَ فيها، وعَن لُبسِ الحَريرِ والديباجِ، وأَن نَجلِسَ عليه، وقال: \"هو لَهم في الدُّنيا ولكم في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^٤). ورواه مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ عن مُجاهِدٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ سَيفٍ وابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ في النَّهي عن الأكلِ فيها (^٥).\nوروِى في ذَلِكَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وعَن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبي - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٤٢٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٧/ ٥).\n(^٢) محمد بن عبد الله بن أحمد بن محمد أبو عمرو الرَّزجاهي البسطامى، الأديب، قال عبد الغافر: الأديب الثقة الشافعي، الفاضل، المحدث، المكثر. وقال الذهبي: تصدر للإفادة ... وكان صاحب فنون. توفي سنة (٤٢٧ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٦٢)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٠٤، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٤/ ١٥١.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٢٩٤٩)، والمصنف في الشعب (٦٣٨٠)، والآداب (٧١٢) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وسيأتى في (٤٢٦٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٨٣٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٣٧)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٧/ ...)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٧١) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"1","page":81},{"text":"١٠٤ - أمَّا حَديثُ عليٍّ، فأَخبَرناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ حاتِمٍ الأنصاريُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الَحَنَفِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ قال: انطَلَقتُ أنا وأَبِي إلى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فقال لنا: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهَى عن آنيةِ الذهَبِ والفضةِ أن يُشرَبَ فيها، وأَن يُؤكَلَ فيها، ونَهَى عن القَسِّيِّ والمِيثَرَةِ، وعَن ثيابِ الحَريرِ وخاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ (^١).\n\n١٠٥ - وأمَّا حَديثُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فحدثناه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِي إملاءً، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحسنِ (^٢)، حدثنا قَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن أنس بن سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن الأكلِ والشرب في آنيةِ الذهَبِ والفِضةِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو القَطِرانِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٤١، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩: سنده صالح.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٤٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٣٢)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٠٢٠) هن طريق حفص بن عبد الله النيسابورى به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩: أحمد ليس بثقة. وصحح الألباني إسناد النسائي وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين. السلسلة الصحيحة (٣٥٦٨).\n(^٤) في س، د، هـ: \"القطواني\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥٠٦.","vol":"1","page":82},{"text":"غياثٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا يونس بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن أنس بنِ سيرين قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أنس بنِ مالكٍ عِندَ نَفَرٍ مِنَ المَجوسِ. قال: فجِئَ بفالوذجَ (^١) على إناءٍ من فِضَّةٍ. قال: فلَم يأكُلْهُ، فقيلَ له. حَوِّلْهُ. قال: فحَوَّلَه على إناءٍ عِن خَلَنْجٍ (^٢) وجِئَ به فأكله (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-81>بابُ النَّهي عن الإناءِ المفَضَّضِ</span>\n\n١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا، الحسينُ بن الحسنِ بنِ أبي أيوب الطوسي (ح) وأخبرنا أبو الحسن محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاق البَزَّار (^٤) ببَغدادَ، أخبرنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمد بنِ إسحاق الفاكهيُّ بمَكَّةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو يحيى بنُ أبي ميسرة (^٥)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجاريُّ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ اللَّه بنِ مُطيعٍ، عن أبيه، عن محمدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن شرِبَ في إناءِ ذهَبٍ أو فضَّةٍ، أو إناء فيه شئٌ مِنذ ذلك، فإِنَّما يُجَرجِرُ في بَطنِه نار جهنم\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الفالوذج: حلواء تصنع الآن من النشا والماء والسكر ومواد أخرى، فارسى معرب. ينظر تاج العروس ٩/ ٤٥٤ (ف ل ذ)، والمعجم الوسيط ٢/ ٧٢٦ (ف ل ذ).\n(^٢) الخلنج: شجر يتخذ من خشبه الأواني. تاج العروس ٥/ ٥٣٧ (خ ل ج).\n(^٣) ذكره النووي في رياض الصالحين (١٨٠٦) وقال: رواه البيهقي بإسناد حسن.\n(^٤) محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن بن إسحاق أبو الحسن البغدادي البزاز، روى عنه المصنف والخطيب البغدادي، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه بعد أن كف بصره، وكان ثقة. توفي سنة (٤١٧ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٢٩٠، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٣١.\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ. وينظر الثقات ٨/ ٣٦٩، والمقتنى في سرد الكنى ٢/ ١٤٩، سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٣، ٢٢٤)، والخلافيات (١٠٥). قال الدارقطني ١/ ٤٠: إسناده =","vol":"1","page":83},{"text":"١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ في \"فوائدِه\" (^١) عن الطُوسِيِّ والفاكِهِي مَعًا، فزادَ في الإسنادِ بعدَ أبيه (عن جدِّه) عن ابنِ عمرَ، وأَظُنُّه وهْمًا؛ فقَد أخبرناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ إسحاقَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، بخَطِّ أبي الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ رحِمه الله تعالَى كما تَقَدَمَ، وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجَه أبو الحسنِ الدارقُطنيُّ في كِتابِه (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجَه أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهابِ عن أبي يَحيَى بنِ أبي مَسَرَّةَ في كِتابِه دونَ ذِكرِ جَدِّه.\nوالمَشهورُ عن ابنِ عمرَ في المُضَبَّبِ (^٣) مَوقوفًا عَلَيهِ:\n\n١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان لا يَشرَبُ في قَدَحٍ فيه حَلقَةُ فِضَّةٍ ولا ضَبَّة فِضَّةٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n= حسن. وقال الحاكم في المعرفة ١/ ١٣١: واللفظة \"أو إناء فيه شئ من ذلك\" لم نكتبها إلا بهذا الإسناد. وقال الذهبي في الميزان ٤/ ٤٠٦: هذا حديث منكر، أخرجه الدارقطني، وزكريا ليس بالمشهور.\n(^١) وأخرجه في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣١.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٠ عن الفاكهى به، وفوائد الفاكهى ص ٢٧٠ (١٠٠)، وعنه السهمى في تاريخ جرجان ص ١٠٨.\n(^٣) يقال: ضببت الخشب ونحوه: ألبسته الحديد. تاج العروس ٣/ ٢٣٢ (ض ب ب).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥١٠) عن ابن نمير به. قال ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ١/ ٦٥١: أخرجه البيهقي بإسناد صحيح. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٥٤.","vol":"1","page":84},{"text":"المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكيسانيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه أُتِيَ بقَدَحٍ مُفَضَّضٍ ليَشرَبَ مِنه، فأَبَى أن يَشرَبَ، فسأَلتُه فقال: إنَّ ابنَ عمرَ مُنذُ سمِع رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الشُّربِ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضةِ لم يَشرَبْ في القَدَحِ المُفَضَّضِ (^١).\nوروِي في ذَلِكَ عن عائشةَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ:\n\n١١١ - أمّا حَديثُ عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فأخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيد، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَمْرَةَ أنَّها قالَت: كُنّا مَعَ عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فما زِلنا بها حَتَّى رَخَّصَت لَنا في الحُلِيِّ، ولَم تُرَخِّصْ لَنا في الإناءِ المُفَضَّضِ (^٢). قال عبدُ الوَهابِ: قال سَعِيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ: حَمَلناه على الحَلقَةِ ونَحوِها.\n\n١١٢ - وأَمّا حَديثُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فأخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ الدّورِيَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن عِمرانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٩). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٤١٦) من طريق علي بن معبد به. قال المصنف عقب (١٥٣٦): خصيف الجزرى غير محتج به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٩٣٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥١٨) من طريق ابن سيرين به.","vol":"1","page":85},{"text":"عن قَتَادهَ، أنَّ أنسًا كَرِهَ الشُّربَ في المفضَّض (^١).\n\n١١٣ - وأمَّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ والهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علي بنِ الحسنِ يَعنِي ابنَ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبى، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزة، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سليمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسٍ أن قدَحَ النبي - ﷺ - انصَدَعَ، فجَعَلَ مَكانَ الشِّعبِ سِلسِلَةً مِن فضَّةٍ. قال عاصِمٌ: ورأَيتُ القَدَحَ وشَرِبت فيه. قال أبى: ورأَيتُ القَدَحَ وشَرِبتُ فيه (^٢).\n\n١١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ قال: وأَخبَرَنِي عليُّ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ (^٣) بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ (^٤)، فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه قال: انكَسَرَ. بَدَلَ: انصَدَعَ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٥). وهو يوهِمُ أن يَكونَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - اتَّخَذَ مَكانَ الشِّعبِ سِلسِلَةً مِن فِضَّةٍ.\n\n١١٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ وعُثمانُ بنُ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار (١٤١٣) من طريق أبي حمزة به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أحمد\". وفى حاشية م: هكذا في الأصول، ولعله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري. اهـ. وهو في نسخة أ، د: \"محمد\". كما أثبتناه.\n(^٤) في د: \"جمرة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣١٠٩).","vol":"1","page":86},{"text":"الزَّعفَرانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ علي بنِ الحسنِ بن شَقيقٍ المَروَزِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ وهو السُّكَّريُّ، أخبرَنا عاصِمُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَس أن قَدَحَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - انصدَعَ، فجَعَلتُ مَكانَ الشِّعب سلسِلَةً. يَعنِي أن أنَسًا جَعَلَ مَكانَ الشِّعبِ سِلسِلَةً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه الله تعالَى: هَكَذا في الحديثِ، لا أدرِى مَن قالَه؟ موسَى بن هارون أم مَن فوقَه (^٢)؟.\n\n١١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، حدتْنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُدرِكٍ قال: حدَّثنى يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصمٍ الأحوَلِ قال: رأَيتُ قَدَحَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - عِندَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، وكانَ قَد انصدَعَ فسَلسَلَه بفِضَّةٍ. قال: وهو قَدَحٌ جَيِّدٌ عَريضٌ من نُضارٍ (^٣) قال أنَسٌ: لَقَد سقَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - في هذا القَدَحِ أكثَرَ مِن كَذا وكَذا. قال: وقال ابنُ سيرينَ: إنَّه كان فيه حَلْقَةٌ مِن حَديدٍ، فأَرادَ أنَسٌ أن يَجعَلَ مَكانَها حَلْقَةً مِن ذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ، فقالَ له أبو طَلحَةَ: لا تُغَيِّرَنَّ شيئًا صَنَعَه رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^٤). فتَرَكَه. أخرَجَه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٠٥٠) عن موسى بن هارون به.\n(^٢) ينظر الفصل للوصل المدرج ١/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٣) نضار: خشب جيد، والنضار الخالص من كل شئ، ويقال: أصله من شجر النبع، ويقال: من الأثل، ولونه يميل إلى الصفرة. ينظر فتح الباري ١٠/ ١٠٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤١٠) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٦٣٨).","vol":"1","page":87},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-82>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ في سائرِ الأوانِي مِنَ الحجِارَةِ والزُّجاجِ والصُّفْرِ والنُّحاسِ والشَّبَهِ (^١) والخَشَبِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بكرٍ السهميُّ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقامَ مَن كان قَريبَ الدارِ إلى أهلِه يَتَوَضَّأُ وبَقِيَ قَومٌ، فأُعن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمِخضَبٍ مِن حِجارَةٍ فيه ماءٌ، فصَغُرَ المِخضَبُ أن يَبسُطَ فيه كَفَّه، فتَوَضأَ القَومُ كُلُّهُم. قُلنا: كم كانوا؟ قال: ثَمانينَ وزيادَةً (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُنيرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بَكرٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبدَةَ الضبِّيُّ، حدَّثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - دَعا بوَضوءٍ، فجِئَ بقَدَحٍ فيه ماء -أحسِبُه قال: قَدَحِ زُجاجٍ- فوَضَعَ أصابِعَه فيه، فجَعَلَ القَومُ يَتَوَضَّئَونَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَلَ (^٤)، فحَزَرتُهُم ما بَينَ السبعينَ إلى الثمانينَ، فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ إلى الماءِ كأنَّه يَنبُعُ مِن بَينِ أصابِعِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الشبه بفتحتين، وبكسر وسكون: ضرب من النحاس يصنع فيصفر، ويشبه الذهب في لونه. العون المعبود ١/ ٣٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥٤٥)، والمصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ١٢٣ من طريق عبد الله بن بكر السهمي به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٥).\n(^٤) يجوز فيها النصب على الحال، والرفع على البدلية. ينظر الكتاب لسيبويه ١/ ٣٩٧، ٣٩٨.\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (١٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٩٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.","vol":"1","page":88},{"text":"قال ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ: رَوَى هذا الخَبَرَ غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، فقالوا: رَحْراحٍ (^١). مَكانَ: زجاجٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال.\n\n١١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ العَلاءِ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع الزَّهرانيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علي بنِ الحسينِ المُقرِئُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَعا بإِناءٍ مِن ماءٍ، فأُتِيَ بقَدَحٍ رَحراحٍ فيه شَيءٌ مِن ماءٍ، فوَضَعَ أصابِعَه فيه. قال أنَسٌ: فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ إلى الماءِ يَنبُعُ مِن بَينِ أصابِعِه. قال أنَسٌ: فحَزَرتُ مَن تَوَضَّأ مِنه ما بَينَ السبعينَ إلى الثمانينَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزهرانِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الرحراح: الواسع القصير الجدار. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ٣٨. قال ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ٣٠٤: وهذه الصفة شبيهة بالطست.\n(^٢) علي بن محمد بن علي بن حسين بن شاذان، أبو الحسن القاضي الإسفرايينى، ابن السقا الإمام الحافظ الناقد، من أولاد أئمة الحديث، سمع الكتب الكبار، وأملى وصنف، توفي سنة (٤١٤ هـ). ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٠٥، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٨٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ١٧٨، وعبد بن حميد (١٣٦٣) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأبو يعلى (٣٣٢٩)، وابن حبان (٦٥٤٦)، والمصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ١٢٢ من طريق أبى الربيع الزهرانى به. والمصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ١٢٢ من طريق مسدد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٠)، ومسلم (٢٢٧٩/ ٤).","vol":"1","page":89},{"text":"١٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ ماهانَ الهَمذَانِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي سلَمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ يحيى، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ صاحِبِ النبي - ﷺ - قال: جاءَنا النبيُّ - ﷺ -، فأخرجنا له ماء في تَورٍ (^١) مِن صُفْرٍ، فتَوَضّأَ به فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وذِراعَيه مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ومَسَحَ برأسِه فأَقبَلَ بهِما وأَدبَرَ، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، قال: قَرأناه على أبي اليَمانِ، عن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزَّهريِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا ثَقُلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - واشتَدَّ به وجَعُه، استأَذَنَ أزواجَه في أن يُمَرَّضَ في بَيتِي، فأَذِنَ له، فخَرَجَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بَينَ رجُلَينِ تَخُطُّ رِجلاه في الأرضِ؛ بَينَ عباسٍ ورَجُلٍ آخَرَ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّه: فأَخبَرتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عباسٍ، فقالَ: أتَدرِى مَنِ الرَّجُلُ الآخَرُ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: هو عَلِيُّ. وكانَت عائشَةُ\n_________\n(^١) التور: قدح كبير كالقدر يتخذ تارة من الحجارة وتارة من النحاس وغيره. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٧١) من طريق أحمد بن عبد الله بن يونس به. وأحمد (١٦٤٥٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٠)، وابن حبان (١٠٩٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٧).","vol":"1","page":90},{"text":"تُحَدِّث أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال بعدَ ما دَخَلَ بَيتَه (^١) واشتَد وجَعُه: \"أهريقوا عَلَيَّ مِن سبعِ قِرَبٍ لم تُحلَلْ أوكيتُهُنَّ؛ لَعَلِّي أعهَدُ إلى الناسِ\"، فأُجلِسَ في مِخضَبٍ لِحفصةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ثم طَفِقنا نَصُبُّ عليه من تِلكَ القِرَبِ، حَتَّى طَفِقَ يُشيرُ إلَينا أن قَد فعَلتُنَّ، ثم خَرَج إلى الناسِ (^٢). رواه البخاريّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\nويُقالُ: إذ ذَلِكَ المِخضَبَ كان مِن نُحاسٍ:\n\n١٢٢ - وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ (^٤) أبو بكرٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاق إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ اللَّه، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ؛ قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: سَمِعتُ عبد الرزاقِ، وقال ابنُ رافِعٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ أو عَمرةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - في مَرَضِه الذي ماتَ فيه: \"صبُّوا عَلَيَّ مِن سبعِ قِرَبٍ لم تحلَلْ أوكيتُهُنَّ، لَعَلِّي أستَريحُ فأَعهَدَ إلى النّاس\". قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فأَجلَسناه في مخضَبٍ لِحَفصَة مِن نُحاسٍ، وسكبنا عليه الماءَ، حَتَّى طَفِقَ يُشيرُ إلَينا أن قَد فعَلتُنَّ، ثم خَرَجَ (^٥).\n\n١٢٣ - قال (^٦): وحدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى مَرَّةً، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدَّثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزّهرِيُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ بمثلِه، غَيرَ أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بيتى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٣٠) من طريق أبي اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٨).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا\".\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (٢٥٨) عن محمد بن رافع به.\n(^٦) يعني: ابن خزيمة.","vol":"1","page":91},{"text":"نُحاسٍ. ولَم يَقُلْ: ثم خَرَجَ (^١).\n\n١٢٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، [أخبرَنا القَطيعِيُّ] (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثنى أبى، قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وأَخبَرَني عُروَةُ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت نَحوَه: \"لَعَلِّي أستَريحُ\". كَذا أخبرَنا في \"المستدرك\" إجازَة (^٣).\n\n١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ، قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ بالطابَرانِ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو علي محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصّوّافُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا حَوثَرَةُ بنُ أشرَسَ أبو عامِرٍ العدويُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - في (^٥) تَورٍ مِن شَبَهٍ، يُبادِرُني مُبادَرَةً (^٦). جَوَّدَه حَوثَرَةُ بنُ أشرَسَ، وقَصَّرَ به\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (١٢٣).\n(^٢) في م: \" أنا أبو النضر\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٤، ١٤٥ مطولا، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وهو عند أحمد (٢٥١٧٩) وفيه: عروة أو عمرة على الشك.\n(^٤) الطابران: إحدى مدينتى طوس، وطوس مدينة بخراسان. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٤٨٦، ٥٦٠.\n(^٥) في م: \"من\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني في الصغير ١/ ٢١٣، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٦/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد الله بن أحمد=","vol":"1","page":92},{"text":"بَعضهُم عن حَمّادٍ، فقالَ: عن رجلٍ. ولَم يُسَمِّ شُعبَةَ (^١)، وأَرسَلَه بَعضُهُم فلَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه عُروةَ، وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَني أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: ذُكِرَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - امرأَةٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ. فذكَر الحديثَ. قالَ سَهلٌ: فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ حَتَّى جَلَسَ في سَقيفَةِ بني ساعِدَةَ وأَصحابُه، ثم قال: \"اسقِنا يا سَهلُ\". قال: فأَخرَجتُ لهم هذا القَدَحَ، فسَقَيتُهُم فيهِ. قال أبو حازِمٍ: فأَخرَجَ إلَينا سَهلٌ ذَلِكَ القَدَحَ، فشَرِبنا فيه. قال: ثم استَوهَبَه إيّاه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فوَهَبَه لَه (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ إسحاقَ وغَيرِه عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في قَدَحِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وفيه ما دَلَّ على أن ذَلِكَ كان مِن خَشَبٍ، ويُذكَرُ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي إسماعيلَ أنَّه دَخَلَ على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فرأَى في بَيتِه قَدَحًا مِن خَشَبٍ، فقالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَشرَبُ فيه ويَتَوَضّأُ (^٥).\n_________\n= به. وقال أبو نعيم: غريب من حديث حماد عن شعبة.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٥٣ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٨). ينظر صحيح أبى داود (٨٩، ٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨١٢٥)، والطبرانى (٥٧٩٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٣٧)، ومسلم (٢٠٠٧/ ٨٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٨٤ من طريق محمد بن أبي إسماعيل به.","vol":"1","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-83>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ في أوانِي المُشرِكينَ إذا لم يَعلَم نَجاسَةً</span>\n\n١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن عَوفٍ، عن أبي رَجاء العُطارِدِيِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: سَرَى (^٢) رسولُ الله - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ هو وأَصحابُه، فأصابَهُم (^٣) عَطَشٌ شَديدٌ، فأَقبَل رجلانِ مِن أصحابِه -أحسِبُه عَليًّا والزُّبَيرَ أو غَيرَهُما- قال: \"إنَّكُما سَتَجِدانِ بمَكانِ كَذا وكَذا امرأَةً مَعَها بَعيرٌ عليه مَزادَتانِ (^٤)، فأتيانِي بها\". قال: فأَتَيا المَرأَةَ، فوَجَداها قَد رَكِبَت بَينَ مَزادَتَينِ على البَعيرِ، فقالا لها: أجيبِى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -. قالَت: ومَن رسولُ اللَّه؟ هذا الصابِئُ؟ قالا: هو الذي تَعنينَ، وهو رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - حَقًا. فجاءا بها، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فجَعَلَ في إناءٍ مِن مَزادَتَيها، ثم قالَ فيه ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ، ثم أعادَ الماءَ في المَزادَتَينِ، ثم أمَرَ بعَزلاءِ (^٥) المَزادَتَينِ ففُتِحَت، ثم أمَرَ الناسَ فمَلَئوا آنيَتَهُم وأَسقيَتَهُم، فلَم يَدَعوا يَومَئذٍ إناءً ولا سِقاءً إلا مَلَئوه، قالَ عِمرانُ: فكانَ يُخَيَّلُ إليَّ أنها لم تَزدَدْ إلا امتِلاءً. قال: فأَمَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بثَوبِها فبُسِطَ، ثم أمَرَ أصحابَه فجاءوا مِن زادِهِم حَتَّى مَلَئوا لها ثَوبَها، ثم قالَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، د، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) السرى: سير الليل. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"فأصابه\".\n(^٤) هي القربة الكبيرة يزاد فيها جلد آخر من غيرها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٤، ومسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ١٩٠، والنهاية ٢/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٥) تقدم تعريف العزالي في ص ٣٧.","vol":"1","page":94},{"text":"لها: \"اذهَبِى فإِنّا لم نأَخُذْ مِن مائِكِ شَيئًا، ولَكِن اللَّهَ سَقانا\". قال: فجاءَت أهلَها فأَخْبَرَتهم، فقالَت: جِئتُكم مِن عِندِ أسحَرِ النّاسِ، أوْ إنَه لَرسولُ اللَّه حَقًّا. قال: فجاءَ أهلُ ذَلِكَ الحِواءِ (^١) حَتَى أسلَموا كُلُّهُم (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفِ بن أبي جَميلَةَ، وفيه: فكانَ آخِرُ ذلِكَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أعطَى الذي أصابَته الجنابةُ إناءً مِن ماءٍ، فقال: \"اذهب فأفرغه عليك\". وهي قائمة تَنظُرُ ما يُفعَلُ بمائِها (^٣).\n\n١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القطيعيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدَّثَني يَحيَى بنُ معين، عن عَوفٍ. فذكَره بمَعناه بزَيادَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عليّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، أخبرَنا بُردٌ أبو العَلاءِ. وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسة، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى وإِسماعيلُ، عن بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نَغزُو مَعَ رسول اللَّه - ﷺ -، فنُصيبُ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"الحى\". والحواء: بيوت مجتمعة من الناس على ماء. الفائق ٣/ ١٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ٢٧٦، ٢٧٧، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٣٧)، ومن طريقه المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٧٢، وسيأتى في (١٠٥٩، ١٩١٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٤٤)، ومسلم (٦٨٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ٢٧٧، وأحمد (١٩٨٩٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٣، ٢٧١، ٩٨٧، ٩٩٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٠١) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"1","page":95},{"text":"آنيةِ المُشرِكينَ وأسقيَتهم فنَستَمتِعُ بها، فلا يَعيبُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم. وفي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَبدانَ: فلا يُعابُ عَلَينا (^١).\n\n١٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ النيسابوريُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أن عمرَ تَوَضأَ مِن ماءِ نَصرانيَّةٍ في جَرَّةِ نَصرانيَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسينُ بنُ بشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ قال: حَدَّثونا عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ ولَم أسمَعْه، عن أبيه قال: لمَّا كُنَّا بالشّامِ أتَيتُ عمرَ بماءٍ فتَوَضّأَ مِنه، فقالَ: مِن أينَ جِئتَ بهذا؟ فما رأَيتُ ماءَ عِدٍّ (^٣) ولا ماءَ سَماء أطيَبَ مِنه. قال: قُلتُ: مِن بَيتِ هَذِه العَجوزِ النَّصرانيَّةِ. فلمَّا تَوَضأَ أتاها، فقالَ: أيَّتُها العَجوزُ أسلِمِي تَسلَمِي، بَعَثَ الله بالحَق محمدًا - ﷺ -. قال: فكَشَفتْ رأسَها، فإِذا مِثلُ الثَّغامَةِ (^٤)، قالَت: وأنا أموتُ الآنَ؟! قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: اللَّهُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٥٣) عن عبد الأعلى به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٣: ... وثقة جماعة وضعفه ابن المديني. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٥١).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٨. وعلقه البخاري عقب (١٩٢) بصيغة الجزم، وصححه النووى في المجموع ١/ ٣١٩.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بئر\". والماء العد: ما نبع من الأرض، وقيل: ماء الأرض الغزير. تاج العروس ٨/ ٣٤٥ (ع د د).\n(^٤) الثغامة: نبت أبيض الزهر والثمر شبه بياض الشيب، قاله أبو عبيد. وقال ابن الأعرابي: هي شجرة تبيضُّ كأنها الثلجة. المفهم ٥/ ٤١٨.","vol":"1","page":96},{"text":"اشْهَدْ (^١).\n\n١٣٢ - وأمَّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سوَيد، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵁ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَّقِي أن يَشرَب في الإناءِ لِلنَّصارَى (^٢). فقَد قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: تَفَرَّدَ به إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ الخُوزِيُّ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِبراهيمُ الخُوزِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣)، ثم هو مَحمولٌ على التَّنزيهِ بما مَضَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-84>بابُ التَّطَهُّرِ في آوانيهِم بعدَ الغَسلِ إذا عَلِمَ نَجَاسَةً</span>\n\n١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدٍ الحافظ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ حاتِمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦). وأخرجه في المعرفة (٤١) من طريق سعدان بن نصر به. والدارقطني ١/ ٣٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"للنصرانى\".\nوالحديث عند عبد الرزاق في مصنفه (١٧٠١٦)، وفيه: \"الإناء الضارى\". وبوب عليه: باب الحد في نبيذ الأسقية، ولا يشرب بعد ثلاث. والضارى هو الذي ضرى بالخمر وعُوِّد بها، فإذا جعل فيه العصير صار مسكرا. النهاية ٣/ ٨٧.\n(^٣) هو إبراهيم بن يزيد القرشى الأموى الخوزى، أبو إسماعيل المكى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٤٦، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ١/ ٧٠، والمجروحين ١/ ١٠٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٢٤٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٤٦/ ١: متروك الحديث.","vol":"1","page":97},{"text":"أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَبيعَةَ بنَ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي أبو إدريسَ عائذُ اللَّه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيُّ يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا بأَرضِ أهلِ كِتابٍ نأكُلُ في آنيتِهم، وأَرضِ صَيدٍ، أصيدُ بقَوسِي، وأَصيدُ بكَلبِي المُعَلَّمِ، وبِكَلبِي الذي لَيسَ بمُعَلِّمٍ، فأَخبِرنِى ما الذي يَحِلُّ لَنا مِن ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: \"أمّا ما ذَكَرتَ مِن أنَّكَ بأَرضِ قَومٍ أهلِ كتابٍ تأكلون في آنيتهِم، فإِن وجَدتُم غَيرَ آنيتهِم فلا تأكلوا فيها، وِإن لم تَجِدوا فاغسِلوها ثم كُلوا فيها، وأمَّا ما ذَكَرتَ مِن أنَّكَ بأَرضِ صَيدٍ، فما صِدتَ بقَوسِكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه عليه ثم كُلْهُ، وما عِمدتَ بكَلبِكَ المُعَلَّمِ فاذكُرِ اسمَ الله عليه ثم كُلْ، وما عِمدتَ بكَلبِكَ الذي لَيسَ بمُعَلَّمٍ فأَدرَكتَ ذَكاتَه فكُلْ\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\nوقَد روِى عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ ما دَل على أن الأمرَ بالغَسلِ وقَعَ عِندَ العِلمِ بنَجاسَةِ آنيَتِهِم:\n\n١٣٤ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٥٥)، والنسائي (٤٢٧٧)، والترمذي عقب (١٥٦٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\nوأحمد (١٧٧٥٢)، والبخاري (٥٤٧٨، ٥٤٩٦)، ومسلم (١٩٣٠/ ٠٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٠٧)، وابن حبان (٥٨٧٩) من طريق حيوة به، وسيأتى في (١٨٩١٦، ١٨٩٥٠، ١٨٩٧١، ١٩٧٤٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٨٨)، ومسلم (١٩٣٠/ ٨).","vol":"1","page":98},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ العَلاءِ بنِ زَبْرٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدِ اللَّه مسلمِ بنُ مِشكَمٍ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -: إنّا نُجاوِرُ أهلَ الكِتابِ وهُم يَطبُخونَ في قُدورِهِم الخِنزيرَ، ويَشرَبونَ في آنيَتِهِمُ الخَمرَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إن وجَدتُم غَيرَها فكُلوا فيها واشرَبوا، وِإن لم تَجِدوا غَيرَها فارحَضوهما (^١) بالماءِ، وكُلُوا (^٢) واشرَبوا\". هَكَذا أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣).\nولمحمَّدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ فيه إسناد آخَرُ:\n\n١٣٥ - أخبرَناه العَنبَرُ بنُ الطَّيِّبِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه العَنبَرِيُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا جَدِّي (^٥) يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدمشقيُّ -ولَقَبُه دُحَيمٌ- حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ هانئ أنَّه أخبرَه عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ارحضوها: اغسلوها، يقال: رحضت الثوب، إذا غسلته. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) في د، م: \"فكلوا\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٣٩). وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٧٨٣) من طريق محمد بن شعيب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٥٢).\n(^٤) العنبر بن الطيب بن محمد بن عبد الله بن العنبر أبو صالح النيسابورى العنبرى، أبو صالح بن أبي طاهر، ابن بنت يحيى بن منصور، قال عبد الغافر: أصيل مشهور، بيته بيت الحديث والعلم، روى عن جده لأمه: يحيى بن منصور القاضي، روى عنه المصنف وكثيرا ما كان ينسبه إلى جده لأمه. توفي سنة (٤٢٠ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٣٥٨)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٨٨.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \" ثنا\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤ (٥٩٢) من طريق دحيم به.","vol":"1","page":99},{"text":"١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ (^١)، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ قالَ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: إنا نَغزُو ونَسيرُ في أرضِ المُشرِكينَ، فنَحتاجُ إلى آنيَةٍ مِن آنيَتِهِم فنَطبُخُ فيها. فقالَ: \"اغسِلوها بالماءِ، ثم اطبُخوا فيها وانتَفِعوا بها\" (^٢).\nوهَكَذا رواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن أيّوبَ عن أبي قِلابَةَ مَوصولًا (^٣)، وقَد أرسَلَه جَماعَةٌ عن أيّوبَ وخالِدٍ، فلَم يَذكُروا أبا أسماءَ في إسنادِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"إسماعيل\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٤، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢١٨ (٥٨١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٥٠)، والترمذي (١٧٩٧) من طريق حماد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٣١)، والترمذي (١٥٦٠، ١٧٩٦) من طريق أيوب به، وقال الترمذي: مشهور من حديث أبي ثعلبة. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٤٩)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٢٣٠ (٦٠٣) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١٢٦٥).","vol":"1","page":100},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-85>جِماعُ أبوابِ السِّواكِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-86>بابٌ في فضل السواك</span>\n\n١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانيُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرنَا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"السِّواكُ مَطهَرَةٌ لِلفَمِ مَرضاةٌ لِلرَّبِّ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٨ - ورواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبي عمرَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشُّعَيبِيُّ (^٢)، حدَّثَني أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ السَّبيعِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ إملاءً مِن حِفظِه، حدَّثَني عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الغَضائرِيُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٧)، والصغرى (٧٩)، والشافعي في المسند ١/ ٨٨ (٧١). وأخرجه الحميدى (١٦٢) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الشعبي\". وهو سعيد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو سعد الشعيبى الكرابيسى العدل، رحل في طلب الحديث، وأدرك الأسانيد العالية بالعراقين، وصنف وجمع، قال عبد الغافر: العدل، معروف من أهل الحديث. وقال السمعاني: كان ينتخب على الشيوخ. ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٧٢٧)، والأنساب ٣/ ٤٣٤، ووقع فيه أبو سعيد.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"1","page":101},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ أبي عمرَ العَدَنيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنه قال: سمِع عائشةَ زَوجَ النبي - ﷺ - تَقولُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ابنُ أبي عَتيقٍ هو عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ -، ومُحَمَّدٌ يُكنَى أبا عَتيقٍ.\nوقَد رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه عن أبيه كَذَلِكَ، بيَّن فيه سَماعَ أبيهِ:\n\n١٣٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي عَتيقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سمِع عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"السِّواكُ مَطهَرَةٌ لِلفَمِ مَرضاةٌ لِلرَّب\" (^٢). عبدُ الرحمنِ هو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، نَسَبَه يَزيدُ إلى جَدِّهِ.\nوقيل: عن (^٣) عبدِ الرحمنِ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ. فكأنه سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا:\n\n١٤٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ وهبٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٤/ ٤٢١ عن علي بن عبد الحميد الغضائرى به. وقال ابن حجر: لكن الذي في \"مسند ابن أبي عمر\" ليس فيه مسعر، فيحتمل أن يكون عنده على الوجهين. التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٦٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٢٥)، والنسائيُّ (٥)، وابن حبان (١٠٦٧) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص، م.","vol":"1","page":102},{"text":"بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبي - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"السِّواكُ مطهَرَةٌ للفم مرضاة لِلرَّبِّ\" (^١).\n\n١٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ (^٢) بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأصبهانيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ قَزَعَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الهاشميُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن ابن جُرَيجٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"السِّواكُ مَطهَرَةٌ لِلفَمِ مَرضاةٌ للرَّب\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مِسعَر، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحِ بنِ هانئ، عن أبيه قالَ: قُلتُ لِعائشةَ: [بأَيِّ شَئٍ] (^٤) كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَبدأُ إذا دَخَلَ بَيتَهُ؟ قالت: بالسِّواكِ (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٤/ ٤٢٢ عن ابن أبي عتيق به.\n(^٢) في د: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (١٣٥). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ١٠٥ من طريق الحسن بن قزعة به.\n(^٤) في د: \"بأيش\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٧) عن الحسن بن علي بن عفان به، وأحمد (٢٤١٤٤)، وأبو داود (٥١)، والنسائي (٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٤) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٥٣).","vol":"1","page":103},{"text":"١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّار، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ يَعنِي ابنَ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فوَجَدتُه يَستاكُ بسِواكٍ بيَدِه وهو يقولُ: \"عَأْعَأْ\" (^١). والسِّواك في فيه كأنَّه يَتَهَوَّعُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤ - قال إسماعيلُ: حدثنا به عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه قال: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذكَره بإسنادِه عن أبي موسَى قال: دَخَلتُ على النبي - ﷺ - وهو يَستاكُ وطَرَفُ السِّواكِ على لِسانِهِ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ أبى النُّعمانِ، إلا أنَّه قال في الحديثِ: \"أُعْ أُعْ\". ورواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبِ الحارِثيِّ عن حَمّادٍ قَريبًا مِن لَفظِ حَديثِ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المَدينِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتيُّ (^٤) القاضِى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) هو حكاية صوته - ﷺ - إذا جعل السواك على طرف لسانه، والمراد طرفه الداخل، ومثلها قوله: \"أع اع\" في رواية البخاري الآتية. ينظر فتح الباري ١/ ٣٥٦، وحاشية السيوطى والسندى على النسائي ١/ ١٦.\n(^٢) يتهوع: يتقيأ، أي: له صوت كصوت المتقيئ، على سبيل المبالغة. فتح الباري ١/ ٣٥٦.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٨) من طريق عارم به، وأحمد (١٩٧٣٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩)، والنسائي (٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٤١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٤)، ومسلم (٢٥٤/ ٤٥).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"البرقى\"، وفى ر: \"اليزنى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٠٨.","vol":"1","page":104},{"text":"أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعَيب يَعنِي ابنَ الحَبحابِ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أكثرتُ عَلَيكُم في السواكِ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٣) بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن التَّميمِيِّ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن السواكِ، فقالَ: ما زالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا به حَتَّى خَشِينا أن يَنزِلَ عليه فيه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-87>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن السِّواكَ سُنَّةٌ لَيسَ بواجِبٍ</span>\n\n١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍ وفي آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِي لأَمَرتُهُم بتأَخيرِ العِشاءِ، والسِّواكِ عِندَ كلِّ صَلاة\" (^٥). زادَ أبو سعيد في رِوايَتِه: قال الشافعيُّ: وفي هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٥٩)، والنسائي (٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٦٦) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٨٨).\n(^٣) في د: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٨٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٥٢) من طريق شعبة به. وينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (١٥٦٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣)، والصغرى (٧٥)، والشافعي في الأم ١/ ٢٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٤٢)، وأبو داود (٤٦)، والنسائيُّ (٥٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٥٧).","vol":"1","page":105},{"text":"دَليلٌ على أن السواكَ لَيسَ بواجِبٍ وأَنَّه اختيارٌ؛ لأَنَّه لَو كان واجِبًا أمرَهُم به، شَقَّ عَلَيهِم أو لم يَشُقَّ (^١). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٣) بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حدَّثَني مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \" لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِى لأَمَرتُهُم بالسِّواكِ مَعَ كُل وُضوءٍ\" (^٤). هَكَذا أخبرَناه في \"الفوائد\".\n\n١٤٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^٥) الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمد، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنس. فذكَره مَرفوعًا (^٦). وهذا الحديث مَعروفٌ برَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ وبِشرِ بنِ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"يشقق\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٢/ ٤٢).\n(^٣) في د: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ٤٩ من طريق أبى النضر به. وأحمد (٩٩٢٨) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"سليمان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٠٢.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠) من طريق روح به.","vol":"1","page":106},{"text":"الزهرانيُّ عن مالكٍ [مَرفوعًا (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ] (^٢) رواه الشافعيُّ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ مَرفوعًا، وهو في \"الموطأ\" (^٣) بهذا الإسنادِ مَوقوفٌ دونَ ذِكرِ الوُضوءِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ الوَهابِ الحَجَبِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ السَّرّاجُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لَولا أن أشقَّ على أمتِى لَفَرَضتُ عَلَيهِم السواكَ مَعَ الوضوءِ، ولأخَّرت صَلاةَ العِشاءِ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٥).\n\n١٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٦)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أمَّتي -أظنُّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٤٣)، وابن الجارود (٦٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٣، وابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٦٠ من طريق بشر بن عمر به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (٤٥٤) بدون ذكر الوضوء، وبرواية يحيى ١/ ٦٦ بذكر الوضوء.\n(^٤) أمامه في حاشية الأصل: قلت: بل هو في الموطأ بهذا الإسناد مع ذكر الوضوء ولفظه عن أبي هريرة: لولا أن يشق على أمته لأمرهم بالسواك مع كل وضوء. كذلك هو في موطأ يحيى بن يحيى وغيره، وهو في المعنى مسند لا موقوف، والله أعلم. من خط الحافظ ابن الصلاح.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٦، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٣٢) من طريق عارم بن الفضل أبى النعمان به.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"البزار\".","vol":"1","page":107},{"text":"قالَ: - \"لأمَرتُهُم بالسِّواكِ مَعَ الوُضوءِ، ولأخَّرتُ صَلاةَ العِشاءِ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ أو نِصفِه\" وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ (^١).\n\n١٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ مَولَى أُمِّ صَبِيَّةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَولا أنِّي أكره أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِى\" نَحوَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٣ - قالَ: وحدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حدَّثَني أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ نَحوَه (^٣).\n\n١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قالَ: حدَّثنى عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويه، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي عليٍّ الصَّيقَلِ، عن ابنِ تَمّامِ [بنِ عباسٍ] (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤١٢)، والترمذي (١٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٣٣، ٣٠٣٤، ٣٠٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧، ٦٩١)، وابن حبان (١٥٣١) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به، وقال الترمذي: حديث أبى هريرة حديث حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني في كتاب النزول (٤٥) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به، وأحمد (١٠٦١٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٤٠) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٥٢٥)، والدارقطني في كتاب النزول (٤٦) من طريق محمد بن يحيى به. وأحمد (٩٦٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٣، والدارقطني في كتاب النزول (٤٧) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٤) ليس في: د، م، وفى ر: \"عياش\"، وكذلك في الحديث التالي.","vol":"1","page":108},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ - ﷺ -: \"ما لي أراكُم تأتونِي قُلحًا! (^١) لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِي لَفَرَضتُ عَلَيهِمُ السِّواكَ كما فُرِضَ عَلَيهِمُ الوُضوءُ\" (^٢). كَذا رواه الثَّورِيُّ.\n\n١٥٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا (^٣) أبو بكرٍ حمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ [بنُ سليمانَ] (^٤) بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ هو البخاريُّ قال: حدَّثَني محمدُ بنُ مَحبوبٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمن، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي عليٍّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ تَمّامٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَدخُلونَ عَلَيَّ قُلْحًا! استاكوا\" (^٥). قال البخاريُّ: وقال جَرير: عن منصورٍ، عن أبي عليٍّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ تَمّامِ (^٦) ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٧). وقالَ الثورِيّ. يَعنِي كَنَحوِ ما رَوَينا.\nورواه أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ عن إسحاق بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّالْقانيِّ عن جَريرٍ\n_________\n(^١) قلحا: جمع أقلح، والقَلَح: صفرة تكون في الأسنان ووسخ يركبها من طول ترك السواك. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٥) من طريق سفيان عن الصيقل عن جعفر بن تمَّام بن عباس عن أبيه، فجعله من مسند تمام بن عباس. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٥٧ عن سفيان بن منصور عن أبي على الصيقل به، وهو مجهول. ينظر لسان الميزان ٧/ ٨٣.\n(^٣) في س: \"أخبرناه\".\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه البزاز (٤٩٨ - كشف)، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٦ من طريق عمر بن عبد الرحمن به، قال النووى في المجموع ١/ ٣٢٥: إسناده ليس بقوى.\n(^٦) بعده في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٧) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٥٧.","vol":"1","page":109},{"text":"بإِسنادِه عن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وعَن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ عن عمرَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بإِسنادِه عن أبيه عن العباسِ (^٢) بنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). وقيل غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، وهو حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ في إسنادِهِ.\n\n١٥٦ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدلانِيُّ، أخبرنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن زكريا يَعنِي ابنَ أبي زائدَةَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن طَلقٍ يَعنِي ابنَ حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ الربَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"عَشرٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ؛ قَصُّ الشّارِبِ، وإعفاءُ اللِّحيَةِ، والسواكُ، والاستِنشاقُ بالماءِ، وقَصُّ الأظفارِ، وغَسلُ البَراجِمِ (^٤)، ونَتفُ الإِبْطِ، وحَلقُ العانَةِ، وانتقِاصُ الماءِ (^٥) \". قال مُصعَبٌ: ونَسيتُ العاشِرَةَ إلا أن تكونَ المَضمَضَةَ. رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٣١٨) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) في م: \"ابن عباس\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٧١٠) عن سريج به، وضعفه النووى في المجموع ١/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٤) البراجم: جمع بُرْجُمة، وهي العُقَد التي في ظهور الأصابع يجتمع فيها الوسخ. النهاية ١/ ١١٣.\n(^٥) انتقاص الماء: الاستنجاء بالماء. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ١٥٠. كما سيأتي (٢٤٣).\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٧)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٦٠)، وأبو داود (٥٣)، والترمذي (٢٧٥٧)، والنسائي (٥٠٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨٨) من طريق وكيع به، وسيأتي في (٢٤٣).\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٦١/ ٥٦).","vol":"1","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-88>بابُ تأكيدِ السِّواكِ عِندَ القيامِ إلى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ (^١) عَبْدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ (^٢) بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٤) اللَّه بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمّتِى لأَمَرتُهُم بتأخيرِ العِشاءِ (^٥)، والسواكِ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" (^٦). هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ. وفي حَديثِ مالكٍ: أو \"على النّاسِ لأمَرتُهُم بالسِّواكِ\". لم يَزِدْ عَلَيهِ. ورواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وقالَ: \"لأمَرتُهُم بالسواكِ مَعَ كُلِّ صلاةٍ\" (^٧). وأَكثَرُ النّاسِ لم يَذكُروا ذَلِكَ عن مالِكٍ، ورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن أبي الزِّنادِ بمِثلِ رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عَنه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أحمد بن\". وتقدم في ص ٧٥، ٧٦، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥١٩.\n(^٢) في س، د: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسن\". وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٣١٧.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١١/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"الآخرة\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٣)، والشعب (٢٧٧٢)، ومالك ١/ ٦٦، ومن طريقه النسائي (٧) وابن حبان (١٠٦٨). وتقدم تخريجه من طريق سفيان في (١٤٧).\n(^٧) البخاري (٨٨٧).","vol":"1","page":111},{"text":"١٥٨ - أخبرَنا به أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاق، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِي لأَمَرتُهُم بالسواك مَعَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" (^١).\nوقيل: عن أبي سلَمةَ عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ:\n\n١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيْمِي، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِي قال: سمَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَولا أن أشُقُّ على أُمَّتِي لأمَرتُهُم بالسِّواكِ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاة\" (^٢). قال أبو سلَمةَ: فرأَيتُ زَيدًا يَجلِسُ في المَسجِدِ وإِنَّ السِّواكَ مِن أُذُنِه مَوضِعَ القَلَمِ مِن أُذُنِ الكاتِبِ، فكُلَّما قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ استاكَ. وبَلَغَنِى عن البُخارِيِّ أنَّه كان يقولُ: حَديثُ أبي سلَمةَ عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ أصَحُّ. قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: كِلاهُما عِندِي صَحيحٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٨/ ٣٨٦ من طريق يوسف به، وأحمد (٩٥٤٩) عن يحيى بن سعيد به، والترمذي (٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٤٢) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٣٢، ١٧٠٤٨)، والترمذي (٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٤١) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٣١ عقب (١٤).","vol":"1","page":112},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد وقَعَ (^١) آخِرُ هذا الحديثِ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ بإسَنادٍ له آخَرَ:\n\n١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبي جعفرٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: كان السِّواكُ مِن أُذُنِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَوضِعَ القَلَمِ مِن أُذُنِ الكاتِبِ (^٢). قال أبو القاسِمِ (^٣): لم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلا يحيى.\nقال الشيخُ: ويحيى بنُ يَمانٍ ليس بالقَوِيِّ عِندَهم (^٤)، ويُشبِهُ أن يكونَ غَلِطَ مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الأوَّلِ إلى هذا.\n\n١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسيتِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القُرَشِيُّ الدِّمشقِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى اللَّخْميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ (ح) وأضرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"رفع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٩٢ من طريق عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ١٠١ من طريق يحيى بن يمان به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"رواه عن ابن إسحاق سفيان و\".\n(^٤) هو يحيى بن يمان العجلي، أبو زكريا الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٦٩١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٣١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٥٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٣٠٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٦١: صدوق عابد يخطئ كثيرا.","vol":"1","page":113},{"text":"أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ قال: قُلتُ: أرأيتَ تَوَضُّؤَ ابنِ عمرَ لِكُلِّ صلاةٍ طاهِرًا وغَيرَ طاهِرٍ، عمَّ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: حَدَّثَتنيه (^١) أسماءُ بنتُ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ حَنَظَلَةَ بنِ أبي عامِرٍ حَدَّثَها أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أُمِرَ بالوُضوءِ [عِندَ كُلِّ] (^٢) صلاةٍ طاهِرًا وغَيرَ طاهِرٍ، فلمَّا شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عليه أُمِرَ بالسِّواكِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ، فكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَرَى أن به قوَّةً، فكانَ لا يَدَعُ الوُضوءَ لِكُلِّ صَلاة (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيِّ. وقال سعيدٌ في حديثِه: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه. وقال: فلمَّا شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم. قال أبو داودَ: إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ رواه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، قال: عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه (^٤).\n\n١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حدثني أبي قال: وأخبرَنا أبو زكريا العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: ذكَر محمدُ بنُ مُسلِم الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، د، س: \"حدثته\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لكل\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٦٣، ٢٦٤، وأبو داود (٤٨). وأخرجه الدارمى (٦٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥، ١٣٨) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وأحمد (٢١٩٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨).\n(^٤) أبي داود (٤٨).","vol":"1","page":114},{"text":"قالت: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"فَضْلُ (^١) الصَّلاةِ التي يُستاكُ لها على الصَّلاةِ التي لا يُستاكُ لها سبعينَ (^٢) ضِعفًا\" (^٣).\nوهذا الحديثُ أحَدُ ما يُخافُ أن يَكونَ مِن تَدليساتِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٤)، وأَنَّه لم يَسمَعْه مِنَ الزُّهرِيِّ. وقد رواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى الصَّدَفِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيُّ (^٥)، وليس بالقَوِيِّ (^٦).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ، وكِلاهُما ضَعيفٌ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تفضل\".\n(^٢) قال السيوطى في الحاوى للفتاوى ٢/ ٢٧٢: قال الطيبى في شرح المشكاة في حديث: \"فضل الصلاة التي يستاك لها على الصلاة التي لا يستاك لها سبعين ضعفًا\": قوله: \"سبعين\" مفعول مطلق أو ظرف، أي تفضل مقدار سبعين.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٥، ١٤٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأحمد (٢٦٣٤٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٧)، والمصنف في الشعب (٢٧٧٣) من طريق محمد بن يحيى به، وضعفه النووى في المجموع ١/ ٣٢٥. وضعفه الألباني في السلسلة الضعيفة ٤/ ١٢.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار المدنى، صاحب المغازى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: سير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٣٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٤٠٥، وتعريف أهل التقديس بمراتب الموصوفين بالتدليس ص ١٦٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٣٠٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٤٤: صدوق يدلس.\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٥٠٢ - كشف)، وأبو يعلى (٤٧٣٨)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٩٥، والمصنف في الشعب (٢٧٧٤) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٦) هو معاوية بن يحيى الصدفى، أبو روح الشامى الدمشقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣٨٤، والكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٣٩٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٣٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٢١٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦١: ضعيف.","vol":"1","page":115},{"text":"١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبي يَحيَى الأسلَمِيُّ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"الرَّكعَتانِ بعدَ السواكِ أحَبُّ إليَّ مِن سبعينَ ركعةً قبلَ السِّواكِ\" (^٣). الواقِدِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\nوروِى عن عائشةَ مِن غَيرِ هذا الطريقِ:\n\n١٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيارَ (^٥)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ قيراطٍ، حدثنا فرَجُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ رُوَيمٍ، عن عَمْرةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"صلاةٌ بسِواكٍ خيرٌ مِن سبعينَ صلاةً بغَيرِ سواك\" (^٦). وهذا إسناد غيرُ قَوِيٍّ.\nوروِى في ذلك عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ مَرفوعًا مُرسَلًا. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِيُّ وأبو علي الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الرازى\". وهو محمد بن عمرو بن البخترى الرزاز. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٧٧٥). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبي أسامة (١٥٥ - بغية) عن الواقدى به.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن عمر بن واقد الواقدى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٢٤٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٤٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ١٨٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٣٦٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٩٤. متروك مع سعة علمه.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"وهبان\"، وفى د: \"قوهيان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٣١.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو نعيم -كما في التلخيص الحبير من طريق فرج بن فضالة به، وقال ابن معين: هذا الحديث لا يصح له إسناد، وهو باطل. التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٦٨.","vol":"1","page":116},{"text":"قالا: أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ [الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ] (^١) حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّه، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: أُمِرنا بالسِّواكِ. وقالَ: \"إنَّ العَبَد إذا قامَ يُصلِّي أتاه المَلَكُ، فقامَ خَلفَه يَستَمِعُ القُرآنَ ويَدنو، فلا يَزالُ يَستَمِعُ ويَدنو حتى يَضَعَ فاهُ على فِيهِ، فلا يَقرأُ آيَةً إلا كانت في جَوفِ المَلَكِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-89>بابُ تأكيدِ السِّواك عِندَ الاستيقاظ مِن النَّومِ</span>\n\n١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاق الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن منصورٍ وحُصَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي (^٤) وأبو عبدِ اللَّه إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحسين المجد ابادى\".\n(^٢) في س، د، م: \"عبد\". وهو الحسن بن عبيد الله بن عروة النخعي. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ١٩٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢١١٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٨٤)، والبزار (٦٠٣) من طريق الحسن بن عبيد الله به، وعند عبد الرزاق موقوف، وعند البزار التصريح بأن القول مرفوع إلى النبي - ﷺ -. السلسلة الصحيحة (١٢١٣).\n(^٤) عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن أحمد بن بالويه أبو محمد النيسابورى المزكى، الرئيس الأوحد، الثقة المسند، قال عبد الغافر: التقي من بيت العدالة، أحد الثقات المتقنين والأمناء المعروفين. وقال الذهبي: كان من وجوه البلد، عقد مجلس الإملاء في داره، وكان صادقا أمينا. توفي سنة (٤١٠ هـ).\nينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٠٠٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٥) إسحاق بن محمد بن يوسف بن يعقوب أبو عبد الله السوسي النيسابوري، قال عبد الغافر: العدل =","vol":"1","page":117},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن منصورٍ والأعمَشِ وحُصَينٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا قامَ مِن الليلِ يَشوصُ فاهُ بالسِّواكِ (^١). لفظُ حديثِ ابنِ مهديٍّ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، ورواه مسلم عن أبي موسى وبُندارٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧ - ورواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن حُصَينٍ، فقال في الحديثِ: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا قامَ ليَتَهَجَّدَ يَشوصُ فاهُ بالسِّواكِ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيبةَ، حدثنا هُشَيم. فذَكَرَه (^٣). أخرَجه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ (^٤). قال أبو سليمانَ الخطَابِيُّ: الشَّوْصُ دَلْكُ الأسنانِ عَرْضًا بالسِّواكِ وبالإصْبَعِ ونحوِهِما (^٥).\n_________\n= الثقة، الرضا، من نبلاء الرجال وكبار الصالحين والمعتمدبن في الحديث والمشهورين بين أهله.\nقال الذهبي: كان ثقة رضيا، صالحا نبيلا. توفي سنة (٤١٦ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٤٠٣، والمنتخب من السياق (٣٧٧)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٩٨.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨١) بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤١٥)، والنسائي (١٦٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وأبو داود (٥٥)، وابن حبان (١٠٧٥) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٣٤١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٧٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٨٩)، ومسلم (٢٥٥/ ٤٧).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٦/ ٢٥٥).\n(^٥) ذكره ابن حجر في الفنح ١/ ٣٥٦. ونص الخطابي في معالم السنن ١/ ٣٢: يشوص معناه: يغسل.","vol":"1","page":118},{"text":"١٦٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ في حديثٍ طويلٍ قالت: كُنّا نُعِدُّ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - سِواكَه وطَهورَه، فيَبعَثُه اللَّهُ ما شاءَ أن يَبعَثَه مِن اللَّيلِ، فيَتَسَوَّكُ ويَتَوَضّأُ ثم يُصلِّي (^١). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ عن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩ - ورواه بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ عن زُرارَةَ، فقال في الحديث: كان يوضَعُ له وَضوءُه وسِواكُه، فإذا قامَ مِن اللَّيلِ تَخَلَّى ثم استاكَ. أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّاد، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، [حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا] (^٤) ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا هَمّام، عن عليِّ بنِ زيدٍ، عن أمِّ محمدٍ (^٥)، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَرقُدُ مِن لَيلٍ ولا نَهارٍ فيَستَيقِظُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٤٧٠٠، ٤٨٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٦). صحيح أبي داود (٥٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"ثنا\".\n(^٥) أم محمد امرأة زيد بن جدعان. تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٣٨٥.","vol":"1","page":119},{"text":"إلا تسوَّك قبل أن يتوضأ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-90>باب تأكيد السواك عند الأَزْمِ </span>(^٢)\n\n١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا دَعْلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ الرَّازيُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا زُهَير (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّار، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا عمرو هو ابنُ خالدٍ، أخبرَنا زُهَير، حدثنا قابوسُ بنُ أبي ظَبيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتَى رجلانِ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - حاجَتُهُما واحِدَةٌ، فتَكَلَّمَ أحَدُهُما، فوَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن فِيهِ إخلافًا (^٣)، فقالَ (^٤) له: \"أما تَستاكُ؟ \". قال: بلى، ولَكِنِّي لم أطعَمْ مِن ثلاثٍ. فأمَرَ رجلًا من أصحابِه، فآواه وقَضَى حاجتَه. لفظُ حديثِ ابنِ عَبْدانَ. وهكذا رواه جماعَةٌ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-91>بابُ غَسلِ السواكِ</span>\n\n١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٠٠) من طريق همام به. قال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١): \"إسناد ضعيف ... لكن الحديث حسن بما قبله وله شواهد ... \"اهـ.\n(^٢) الأزم: الإمساك عن المطعم والمشرب. ينظر لسان العرب ١٢/ ١٨ (أزم).\n(^٣) أخلف الفم إخلافًا تغيرت رائحته. المصباح المنير ص ٦٨ (خ ل ف).\n(^٤) في س: \"فقيل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩)، والطبراني (١٢٦١١) من طريق زهير به. قال الذهبي ١/ ١٤: قابوس لين.\nوذكره الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٣٣٧، وقال: وفيه قابوس بن أبي ظبيان، وهو ثقة، وفيه ضعف.","vol":"1","page":120},{"text":"داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبد اللَّه الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الكوفيُّ الحاسب قال: حدَّثَني كَثيرٌ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالت: كان نبيُّ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَستاكُ، فيُعطيني السِّواكَ لأغسِلَه، فأَبدأُ به فأَستاكُ، ثم أغسِلُه وأَدفَعُه إليه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-92>بابُ التَّسَوُّكِ بسِواكِ الغَيِر</span>\n\n١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي قال: حدَّثَني ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حدَّثَني سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن هشامِ بنِ عروةَ قال: أخبرَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فذَكَرَتْ قِصَّةً (^٢) في مَرَضِه، وفيها: قالت: دَخَلَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي بكرٍ ومعه سِواكٌ يَستَنُّ به، فنَظَرَ إليه رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فقلتُ له: أعطِنِي هذا السِّواكَ يا عبدَ الرحمنِ. فأَعطانيه، فقضِمتُه ثم مضغْتُه (^٣)، فأَعطَيتُه رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فاستَنَّ وهو مُسْتسنِدٌ (^٤) إلى صَدرِي - ﷺ - (^٥). وفى حديثِ أبي زكريا عن عائشةَ قالت: دَخَلَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه. رواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٢). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح سنن أبي داود (٤٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"قصته\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"طيبته\".\n(^٤) في م: \"مستند\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٤٥ من طريق ابن أبي أويس به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٤٠) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"1","page":121},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيل بن أبي أويسٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-93>بابُ دَفعِ السِّواكِ إلى الأكبَرِ</span>\n\n١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكبر محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا صَخرُ بنُ جُوَيْريَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أرانِي (^٢) أتَسَوَّكُ، فجاءَنِى رجلانِ أحَدُهُما أكبَر مِن الآخَرِ، فناوَلتُ السِّواكَ الأصغَرَ منهما (^٣)، فقيل لي: كَبِّرْ. فدَفَعتُه إلى الأكبَرِ\" (^٤). أخرَجه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" قال: وقال عَفانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسمُ بنُ القاسمِ السَّيّارِيُّ (^٦)، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه يعني ابنَ المباركِ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، أن ابنَ عمرَ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - وهو يَسْتَنُّ، فأَعطاه أكبَرَ القومِ، ثم قال: \"إنَّ جبريلَ أمَرَنِي أن أُكَبِّرَ\" (^٧). استَشهدَ البخاريُّ بهذه الرِّوايةِ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٩٠). وسيأتي في (١٣٥٦٠).\n(^٢) قال ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ٣٥٧: \"أراني\" بفتح الهمزة من الرؤية، ووهم من ضمها.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، د، س، ر.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٢٢٧١، ٣٠٠٣) من طريق صخر بن جويرية، وعنده: \"أراني في المنام\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٤٦).\n(^٦) في س: \"السكرى\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٠٩، والأنساب ٣/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٢٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٨) البخاري عقب حديث (٢٤٦).","vol":"1","page":122},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-94>بابُ ما جاء في الاستياكِ عَرضًا</span>\nوقد روِى في الاستياكِ عَرضًا حديثٌ لا أحتَجُّ بمثلِه:\n\n١٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو سعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمد الصُوفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ، حدثنا يحيى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا اليَمانُ بنُ عَدِيٍّ أبو عَدِيٍّ الحمصيُّ، حدثنا ثُبَيتُ بنُ كَثيرٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن يحيى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن بَهزٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^١). كذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n١٧٧ - وأخبرَنا الحاكِمُ أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشيبانيُّ بالكوفةِ، حدثنا جعفرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الكِندِيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ رَبيعَةَ القُرَشِيُّ المَدَنِيُّ، عن يحيى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أكثَمَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَستاكُ عَرْضًا ويَشرَبُ مَصًّا، ويقولُ: \"هو أهنأُ وأَمرأُ وأَبرأُ\" (^٢). لفظُ حديثِ ابنِ أكثَمَ، وزادَ في حديثِ بَهزٍ: ويَتَنَفَّسُ ثلاثًا، ويقولُ: \"هو أهنأُ وأَمرأُ وأَبرأُ\". وإنَّما يُعرَفُ بَهزٌ بهَذا الحديثِ. ذكَره ابنُ مَنيعٍ وابنُ مَندَه (^٣)، فأَمّا رَبيعَةُ بنُ أكثَمَ فإنَّه استُشهِدَ بخيبرَ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٣٩. وأخرجه الطبراني (١٢٤٢)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١١/ ٤٧١ من طريق يحيى بن عثمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (١٠٢٥)، والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٣/ ٢٢٩، والأزدى في المخزون (٨٣) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.\n(^٣) معجم الصحابة للبغوى (٢٢٥)، ومعرفة الصحابة لابن منده ١/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦.","vol":"1","page":123},{"text":"١٧٨ - وروَى أبو داودَ في \"المَراسيلِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصباح، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ القُرَشِيِّ، عن عطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا شَرِبتُم فاشرَبوا مَصًّا، وإذا استَكتُم فاسْتاكوا عَرضًا\". أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ الفَسَوِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-95>باب الاستياكِ بالأصابعِ</span>\nوقد رُوِي في الاستياكِ بالأصابعِ حديث ضعيف:\n\n١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا الساجِيُّ قال: حدَّثني محمدُ بنُ موسى، حدثنا عيسى بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن عبدِ الحَكَمِ القَسْمَلِيِّ، عن أنسٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"تُجزِئُ مِن السِّواكِ الأصابعُ\" (^٣). أخبرَنا أبو سعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ: عبدُ الحَكَمِ القَسمَلِيُّ البَصرِيُّ عن أنسٍ وعن أبي (^٤) الصِّدِّيقِ، مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"التسترى\".\n(^٢) أبو داود في المراسيل (٥). وهو في السلسلة الضعيفة (٩٤٠).\n(^٣) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٧١، وينظر السلسلة الضعيفة (٢٤٧١).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"بكر\"، وهو أبو الصديق بكر بن عمرو الناجى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٢٣، ١٦/ ٤٠٢، ٤٠٣.\n(^٥) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٧١، والتاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٦/ ١٢٩. والقسملى هو عبد الحكم بن عبد الله -ويقال: ابن زياد- البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٣٥، =","vol":"1","page":124},{"text":"قال الشيخُ. وقد رواه عيسى بنُ شُعَيبٍ بإسنادٍ آخَرَ عن أنس:\n\n١٨٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَني أبو الضَّحّاكِ ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ النَّبيلِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسى، حدثنا عيسى بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنس، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"تُجزِئُ مِن السواك الأصابع\" (^١).\nتابَعهما عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرمٍ العَمِّيُّ عن عيسى بنِ شُعَيبٍ.\nتَفَرَّدَ به عيسى بالإسنادَينِ جميعًا.\n\n١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ اللَّه الحافظُ إجازَةً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ صادِرٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا موسى (^٢) بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنسٍ، عن أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"تُجزِئُ الأصابع مجزَأَ السِّواكِ\" (^٣). كذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى: موسى (^٤) بنُ شُعَيبٍ.\n\n١٨٢ - والمحفوظُ مِن حديثِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى ما أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ\n_________\n= والمجروحين ٢/ ١٤٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٣٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٠٢، وذكره المزى تمييزًا. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٦٦: ضعيف.\n(^١) أخرجه الضياء في المختارة (٢٦٩٩) من طريق عيسى بن شعيب به. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٧٠: وفى إسناده نظر.\n(^٢) في ر، م: \"عيسى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الضياء في المختارة (٢٧٠٠) من طريق عباس الدورى به.\n(^٤) في أ، م: \"عيسى\".","vol":"1","page":125},{"text":"بشْرانَ، حدثنا أبو جعفرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ صالحٍ، حدثنا خالدُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُثنَّى الأنصاريُّ، حدَّثنى بعضُ أهل بيتى عن أنسِ بنِ مالك، أن رجلًا مِن الأنصارِ مِن بنى عمرِو بنِ عوفٍ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّك رَغَّبتَنا في السواكِ، فهل دونَ ذلك مِن شئٍ؟ قال: \"إصبَعاكَ سِواكٌ عِندَ وُضوئِك (^١) تُمِرُّهُما على أسنانِك، إنَّه لا عَمَلَ لِمَن لا نيَّةَ له، ولا أجرَ لِمَن لا حِسبَةَ له\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٣ - أخبرَنا الأستاذُ إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي نصرٍ الصّابونِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٤) المَخلَدِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمدونِ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَرَسوسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ الحَمَّالُ (^٥)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن أنسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"الإصبَعُ تُجزِئُ مِنَ السواكِ\".\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"كل وضوء\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١١٦). وأخرجه الخطيب في الجامع الأخلاق الراوى (٦٨٦) عن أبي الحسين به مقتصرًا على قوله: \"إنه لا عمل لمن لا نية له ... \" ووقع فيه: \"أحمد بن زهير\" بدلًا من: \"أحمد بن إسحاق بن صالح\". وفيه أيضًا: عبد الله بن المثنى أبو الأنصارى.\n(^٣) إسماعيل بن عبد الرحمن بن أحمد بن إسماعيل أبو عثمان النيسابورى الصابونى، العلامة القدوة المفسر المحدث، قال عبد الغافر: الأستاذ، شيخ الإسلام ... أوحد وقته في طريقه ... كثير السماع والتصنيف. وقال الذهبي: كان من أئمة الأثر، له مصنف في السنة واعتقاد السلف، ما رواه منصف إلا واعترف له. توفي سنة (٤٤٩ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٣٠٧)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٩/ ٤٠، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٤/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الجمال\". ولم نجد له ترجمة.","vol":"1","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-96>بابُ النِّيَّةِ في الطَّهارةِ الحُكميَّةِ</span>\n\n١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ هو الثورِيُّ، حدثنا يحيى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ اللَّيثِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمال بالنياتِ، وإنَّما لكل امرِئٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانت هِجرَته إلى الله ورسولِه فهِجرَتُه إلى اللَّه ورسوله، ومَن كانت هِجرَته لِدُنيا يصيبها أو امرأة يَتَزَوَّجها فهِجرَئه إلى ما هاجَر إليه\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدَّثنا يحيى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يحيى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيِعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّاد، حدثنا يحيى بنُ سعيدٍ. فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"أيُّها الناسِ، إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنيةِ (^٣) \". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن الثَّورِيِّ، وعن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٤)، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"المجدابادى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٠١) عن محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بالنيات\".\nوالحديث أخرجه البخاري (٦٩٥٣)، والنسائي (٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٢، ٤٥٥) من طريق حماد به. وسيأتي في (٨١٨٨، ١٣٠٣٧، ١٥١٠١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٢٩) عن محمد بن كثير، وفي (٣٨٩٨) عن مسدد.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٠٧/ عقب ١٥٥).","vol":"1","page":127},{"text":"١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الحسينُ (^١) بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا صلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ الله عليه\" (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو علي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرْحِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن الدَّراوَردِيُّ قال: وذكَر رَبيعَةُ أن تَفسيرَ حَديثِ النبي - ﷺ -: \"لا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه عليه\". أنَّه الذي يَتَوَضَّأُ ويَغتَسِلُ ولا يَنوِى وُضوءًا لِلصَلاةِ ولا غُسلًا لِلجَنابَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤١٨) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٩) من طريق محمد بن موسى به. وسيأتي كلام المصنف على الحديث عقب (١٩٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٢).","vol":"1","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-97>جِماعُ أبواب سُنَّةِ الوُضوءِ وفَرضِهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-98>بابُ فرضِ الطُّهورِ ومَحِلِّه مِنَ الإيمانِ</span>\n\n١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ (^١) الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا (^٢) يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن جَدِّه مَمطورٍ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشعَرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"الطُّهورُ شطرُ الإيمانِ، والحَمدُ للهِ تَملأُ الميزانَ، وسُبحانَ اللَّه واللهُ أكبَرُ تَملأُ ما بَينَ السماءِ والأرضِ، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، والصَّبرُ ضياءٌ، والصَّدَقَةُ بُرهانٌ، والقُرآنُ حُجةٌ لكَ أو عليكَ، كُلّ النّاس يَغدو، فبائعٌ نَفسَه فمُعتِقُها أو موبِقُها\" (^٣)، أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ منصورٍ عن حَبّانَ بنِ هِلالٍ عن أبانِ بنِ يَزيدَ العَطّارِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جعفرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن منصورٍ، فذكَره بإِسنادِه، وقالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"الطُّهورُ شطرُ الإيمانِ\". وَجَعَلَ بَدَلَ: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\". \"الحمدُ للهِ\". وجَعَل مكانَ: \"الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ\". \"الصَّلاةُ نورٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"إسحاق بن\"، وفى أ: \"محمد بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٠٢) عن عفان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٢٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٥١٧) عن إسحاق به، وقال: صحيح.","vol":"1","page":129},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-99>بابُ فرضِ الطُّهورِ لِلصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ (^١) بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \" لا يَقبَلُ الله صَدَقَةً مِن غُلولٍ، ولا صَلاةً بغَيرِ طُهورٍ\" (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ عن حسينِ بنِ عليٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جعفرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قتادةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا المَليحِ الهُذَلَي يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في بَيتٍ فسمِعتُه يقولُ: \"إن اللهَ لا يَقبَلُ صَلاةً مِن غَيرِ طُهورٍ، ولا صَدَقَةً مِن غُلولٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"الحسين\". وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٦٩) عن حسين بن علي الجعفى به. والمصنف في المعرفة (١٠٢٨) من طريق زائدة به. وسيأتي في (٣٤٢٦، ٧٩١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٤/ ...).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١٤١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٠٨)، والدارمي (٧١٣)، وأبو داود (٥٩)، والنسائي (٢٥٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١)، وابن حبان (١٧٠٥) من طريق شعبة به، وهو صحيح، ينظر تحقيق الطيالسى، وسيأتي في (١١٠٥).","vol":"1","page":130},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو جعفرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانى إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سمِع سعيدَ بنَ الحُوَيرِثِ يقولُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنّا عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فأَتَى الخَلاءَ، ثم إنَّه رَجَعَ فأُتى بطعامٍ، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ألَا تتَوَضّأُ؟ فقالَ: \"لِيَ؟ أُصَلِّى فأَتَوَضّأَ؟! \" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - خَرَج مِن الخَلاءِ، فقُدِّمَ إليه طعامٌ (^٣)، فقالو ا: ألَا نأتيكَ بوَضوءٍ؟ فقالَ: \"إنّما أُمِرتُ بالوُضوءِ إذا قُمتُ إلى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-100>بابُ التَّسميَةِ على الوُضوءِ</span>\n\n١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشْرانَ العَدلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٢)، والدارمي (٧٩٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. ومسلم (٣٧٤/ ١١٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٠٨) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٤/ ١١٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"طعامها\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٨١)، والترمذي (١٨٤٧)، والنسائي (١٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٥) من طريق إسماعيل به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٦٥٧).","vol":"1","page":131},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدَّثَنا مَعمَر، عن ثابِتٍ وقَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَظَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وَضوءًا فلَم يَجِدوا، قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"هاهنا لا. فرأيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وضَعَ يَدَه في الإناءِ الذي فيه الماءُ، ثم قال: \"تَوَضئوا باسمِ الله\". قال: فرأيتُ الماءَ يَفورُ مِن بَينِ أصابِعِه والقَومُ يَتَوَضئونَ، حَتَّى تَوَضئوا عن آخِرِهِم. قال ثابِت: فقُلتُ لأنَسٍ: تُراهُم كَم كانوا؟ قال: كانوا نحو مِن سبعينَ رجلًا (^١).\nهذا صَحُّ ما في التَّسميَةِ.\n\n١٩٤ - فأَمّا ما أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن رُبَيحِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ الله عليه\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٢)، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف (٢٠٥٣٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٩٤)، والنسائي (٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٦٥٤٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٥٧)، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٧) عن زيد بن الحباب به. والدارمى (٧١٨) من طريق كثير بن زيد به.","vol":"1","page":132},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَرمَلَةَ أنَّه سمِع أبا ثِفالٍ يُحَدِّثُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ رَباحَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ بنِ حوَيطِبٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَتنِى جَدَّتي أنَّها سَمِعَت أباها يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ عليه، ولا يُؤمِنُ باللهِ مَن لا يُؤمِنُ بي، ولا يُؤمِنُ بي مَن لا يحبُّ الأنصارَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ زكريا المِهرَجانِيُّ بنَيسابورَ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ البَربَهارِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا بشرُ (^٢) بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَرمَلَةَ، عن أبي ثِفالٍ المُرِّيِّ، عن رَباحِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ بنِ حوَيطِبٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى جَدَّتى، عن أبيها، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه عليه، ولا يؤمِنُ بي مَن لا يحب الأنصارَ\" (^٣). أبو ثِفال المُرِّيُّ يُقالُ: اسمُه ثُمامَةُ بنُ وائلٍ. وقيل: ثُمامَةُ بنُ حُصَينٍ. وجَدَّةُ رَباحٍ هِيَ أسماءُ بنتُ سعيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٥١)، والترمذي (٢٥) من طريق ابن حرملة به، وقال الترمذي: قال أحمد بن حنبل: لا أعلم في هذا الباب حديثا له إسناد جيد. وابن ماجه (٣٩٨) من طريق أبي ثفال به مختصرا. وفى حاشية الأصل: أبوها سعيد بن زيد أحد العشرة واسمها أسماء.\n(^٢) في د: \"بشير\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٢ من طريق ابن أبي فديك به.","vol":"1","page":133},{"text":"١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلْدِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ البَزّازُ (^١)، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى المَخزومِيُّ، عن يَعقوبَ (^٢) بنِ سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ الله عليه\" (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِي الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ السعديُّ قال: سُئلَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ يَعنِي وهو حاضِرٌ عن التَّسميَةِ في الوُضوءِ، فقالَ: لا أعلمُ فيه حَديثًا ثابِتًا، أقوَى شَئٍ فيه حَديثُ كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن رُبَيحٍ، ورُبَيحٌ رجلٌ لَيسَ بمَعروفٍ (^٤).\nوَبَلَغَنِى عن أبي عيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيُّ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ في هذا البابِ حَديث أحسَنُ عِندِي مِن حَديثِ رَباحِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٥). قالَ أبو عيسَى: وروِى هذا الحديثُ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن صَدَقَةَ مَولَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي ثِفالٍ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ حوَيطِبٍ عن النبي - ﷺ -.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"البزاز\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ١١٦.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: بخط الحافظ ابن عساكر: يعقوب هذا هو الليثى وليس المخزومى.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٠٨٠) عن موسى بن هارون به. وتقدم في (١٨٦).\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٠٣٤. وهو ربيح بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي سعيد الخدرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٣٠٩، والكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٠٣٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٥٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٢٣٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٤٣: مقبول.\n(^٥) الترمذي عقب حديث (٢٥)، والعلل ص ٣١، ٣٢.","vol":"1","page":134},{"text":"وهو حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وأبو ثِفالٍ لَيسَ بالمَعروفِ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ قال: سلَمةُ اللَّيثِيُّ عن أبي هريرةَ يَعنِي في التَّسميَةِ: لا يُعرَفُ لِسَلَمَةَ سَماعٌ مِن أبي هريرةَ، ولا ليَعقوبَ مِن (^٣) أبيهِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، [أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ] (^٥)، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ محمدٍ أبو يَزيدَ الظَّفَرِيُّ، حدثنا أيُّوب بنُ النَّجّارِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"ما تَوَضَّأ مَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه عليه، وما صَلَّى مَن لم يَتَوَضَّأ\" (^٦). وهذا الحديثُ لا يُعرَفُ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي سلَمةَ إلا مِن هذا الوَجهِ. وكانَ أيّوبُ بنُ النَّجّارِ يقولُ: لم أسمَعْ مِن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) العلل ص ٣٢.\n(^٢) هو ثُمامة بن وائل بن حصين بن حمام، أبو ثفال المُرِّيُّ الشاعر. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ١٥٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤١٠، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣٧٢، ٤/ ٥٠٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٣٠، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٤٥٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٢٠: مقبول.\n(^٣) في س، م: (عن).\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٦.\n(^٥) في م: \"أنا يحيى بن صاعد أنا علي بن عمر الحافظ\".\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ٧١. قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٧: الحمل فيه على الظفرى. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٧٣.","vol":"1","page":135},{"text":"أبي كَثيرٍ إلا حَديثًا واحِدًا؛ حَديثَ: \"التقَى آدَمُ وموسَى\" (^١). ذكره يحيى بنُ مَعينٍ فيما رواه عنه ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ (^٢)، فكانَ حَديثُه هذا مُنقَطِعًا، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٩٩ - وقَد حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَجاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمِّه رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. فذكر الحديثَ في صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إنها لا تتمُّ صَلاةُ أحَدِكُم حَتى يُسبغَ الوُضوءَ كما أمَرَه الله به؛ يَغسِلُ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ، ويَمسَحُ رأسَه، ورِجلَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ\" (^٣). وذكَر الحديثَ. احتج أصحابُنا بهذا الحديثِ في نَفي وُجوبِ التَّسميَةِ.\n\n٢٠٠ - وبِما أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ شاذانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا أبو زكريا، هو يَحيَى بنُ هاشِمٍ السَّمسارُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا تَطَهَّرَ أحَدُكُم فليَذكُرِ اسمَ الله (^٤)؛ فإنه يَطهُر جَسَدُه كُلُّه، فإِن لم يَذكُر أحَدُكُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٤٧٣٨)، ومسلم ٤/ ٢٠٤٤ (٢٦٥٢/ ...) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٥٠٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤١، ٢٤٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٦٠) من طريق حجاج به، والدارميُّ (١٣٦٨)، والنسائي (١١٣٥) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (٣٩١٤).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"عليه\".","vol":"1","page":136},{"text":"اسمَ الله على طُهورِه لم يَطهُر إلا ما مَرَّ عليه الماءُ، فإِذا فرَغَ أحَدُكُم مِن طُهورِه فليَشهَدْ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأَن محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، ثم ليُصَلِّ عليَّ، فإِذا قال ذَلِكَ فُتِحت لي أبوابُ الرَّحمَةِ\" (^١). وهذا ضَعيف لا أعلمُه رواه عن الأعمَشِ غَيرُ يَحيَى بنِ هاشِمٍ. ويَحيَى بنُ هاشِمٍ مَتروكُ الحديثِ (^٢).\nوقَد روِى عن ابنِ عمرَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n٢٠١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ بَهرامَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ حَكيمٍ أبو بكرٍ، عن عاصمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن نافعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأ وذكَر اسمَ اللَّه على وُضوئِه كان طُهورًا لجسَدِه، ومَن تَوَضَّأ ولَم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه على وُضوئِه كان طُهورًا لأعضائِه\" (^٣). وهذا أيضًا ضَعيفٌ؛ أبو بكرٍ الدَّاهِرِيُّ غَيرُ ثِقَةٍ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحديثِ (^٤).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٣، وابن شاهين في فضائل الأعمال (١٠٠)، والصيداوى في معجم الشيوخ (٢٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن هاشم السمسار به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٧: بل كذاب. وهو يحيى بن هاشم السمسار، أبو زكريا الغسانى الكوفى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٠٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤١٢، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٧٤ من طريق محمد بن غالب به. وابن شاهين في فضائل الأعمال (٩٩) من طريق هشام بن بهرام به.\n(^٤) هو عبد الله بن حكيم أبو بكر البصرى، الداهرى. بنظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى (٦٦٧)، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٢/ ٢٤١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٤١١، ٤/ ٤٩٩، ٣/ ٢٧٧.","vol":"1","page":137},{"text":"٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحارِثيُّ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الزُّهَيرِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا مِرداسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ عائذٍ الطائيِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضَّأَ وذكَر اسمَ الله تَطَهَّرَ جَسَدُه كُلُّه، ومَن تَوَضّأَ ولَم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه لم يَتَطَهَّرْ إلا مَوضِعُ الوُضوءِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-101>بابُ غَسلِ اليَدَينِ قبلَ إدخالِهِما في (^٣) الإناءِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِي القَعنَبِيَّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن نَومِه فليَغْسِلْ يَدَه قبلَ أن يُدْخِلَها في وَضُوئِه؛ فإن أحَدَكُم لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الزهرى\" وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٤٢٨.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٧٤. وأخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ٤٩٢ من طريق محمد بن مخلد به. قال الذهبي عن مرداس بن محمد بن عبد الله: لا أعرفه، وخبره منكر في التسمية على الوضوء. ميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٨٨. وينظر لسان الميزان ٦/ ١٤.\n(^٣) ليست في: الأصل.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٣)، الشافعي ١/ ٢٤، ومالك ١/ ٢١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٩٦)، وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٠٦٣) من طريق القعنبى به. وسيأتي في (٥٧٨).","vol":"1","page":138},{"text":"عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^١).\nوثبَتَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٢) وهَمّامِ بنِ منبه (^٣) وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ (^٤) وثابِتٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٥) عن أبي هريرةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - هذا الحديثُ دونَ ذِكرِ التَّكرارِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-102>بابُ التَّكرارِ في غَسلِ اليَدَينِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن نَومِه فلا يَغمِسْ يَدَه في الإِناءِ حَتَّى يَغسِلَها ثَلاثًا؛ فإنه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٦). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبةَ وجَماعَةٍ عن سفيان بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٣٩، ١٠٥٨٩)، ومسلم (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٨) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٨٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٨) من طريق همام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يعقوب به. وسيأتي عقب (٢١٤).\n(^٥) سيأتي مسندًا في (١٢٢٢).\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ١٥٥ عقب (٥٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٤، وأحمد (٧٢٨٢). وأخرجه النسائي (١)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩)، وابن حبان (١٠٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"1","page":139},{"text":"عُيَينَةَ (^١). وثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّذْباريُّ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي رَزينٍ وأَبِي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ الليلِ فلا يغمس يَدَه في الإِناءِ حَتَّى يَغسِلَها ثلاثَ مراتٍ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٣). هَكَذا قالا عن أبي مُعاويَةَ في هذا الحديثِ: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ الليل\".\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن الأعمَشِ، إلا أنه قال: \"مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا\".\nولَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه أبا رَزينٍ:\n\n٢٠٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ. فذكَره (^٤). وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَنامِه\" (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ عن الأعمَشِ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم ١/ ٢٣٣ (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندا في (١١٧٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٣).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٧).","vol":"1","page":140},{"text":"٢٠٧ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سمَاعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن [أبي صالِحٍ وأَبِي رَزينٍ] (^١)، عن أبي هريرةَ -قال الأعمَشُ: رَفَعَه- قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَنامِه فلا يَغمِسْ يَدَه في الإِناءِ حتَّى يَغسِلَها ثلاثًا، فإنَّه لا يَدرِى أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ على المُقرِئُ، أخبرنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا نصر بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذاءُ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ شقيقٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَنامِه فلا يغمس يده في الإِناءِ حتى يغسلها ثلاثًا، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِى أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ عَلِيٍّ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أبي رزين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣٩) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٨/ ...).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٨) عن يوسف القاضي به. وابن خزيمة (١٤٥) من طريق نصر بن علي به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٨/ ٨٧).=","vol":"1","page":141},{"text":"الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شَعبَةُ (^١)، عن خالِدٍ بهذا الإسنادِ مِثلَه، وقالَ: \"أينَ باتَت يَدُه مِنه\" (^٢). وقَولُه: \"مِنه\". تَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ البُسرِيُّ، وهو ثِقَةٌ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ السَّرحِ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ سلَمةَ (^٣) المُرادِيُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أبي مَريَمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن نَومِه فلا يُدخِلْ يَدَه في الإِناءِ حَتَّى يَغسِلَها ثلاثَ مراتٍ؛ فإن أحَدَكُم لا يَدرِى أينَ باتَت يدُه (^٤)، أو أينَ كانَت تَطوفُ يَدُه\" (^٥).\n\n٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحارِثيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النيسابوريُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ وهب، حدثنا عَمِّي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وجابِرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَنامِه فلا يُدخِلْ يَدَه في الإِناءِ حَتَّى يَغسِلَها ثلاثَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \" شيبة\".\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (١٠٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٠٦٥) من طريق محمد بن الوليد به. وأحمد (٩٨٦٩) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) في س: \"مسلمة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل، س، م.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٠٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٠٦١) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"1","page":142},{"text":"مَرَّاتٍ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه، أو أينَ طافَت يَدُه\". فقالَ له رجل: أرأَيتَ إن كان حَوضًا؟ فحَصبَه ابنُ عمرَ وقالَ: أُخبِرُكَ عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وتَقولُ: أرأيتَ إن كان حَوضًا؟ (^١) قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ: إسناد حَسَن (^٢). كذا قال الشيخُ؛ لأنَّ جابِرَ بنَ إسماعيلَ (^٣) مَعَ ابنِ لَهيعَةَ (^٤) في إسنادِهِ.\n\n٢١٢ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ سالِمٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن جَدِّه [أوسِ بنِ أبي أوسٍ] (^٥) قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضّأ فاستَوكَفَ ثَلاثًا. قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لِلنُّعمانِ: وما استَوكَفَ؟ فقالَ: غَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا (^٦). قَد أقامَ آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ إسنادَه، واختُلِفَ فيه على شُعبَةَ (^٧).\n\n٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ مَحمُويه\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٩. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٦) عن أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن وهب به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) ليست في: الأصل.\n(^٣) هو جابر بن إسماعيل الحضرمى، أبو عباد المصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ١٦٣، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٥٠١، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٣٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٣٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٢٢: مقبول.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٢٨).\n(^٥) في س: \" أوس بن أوس\"، وفى م: \"أوس بن أويس\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٨٠)، والدارمى (٧١٩)، والنسائي (٨٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٧) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٤٢٥.","vol":"1","page":143},{"text":"العسكرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه جبيرٍ (^١) أنَّه قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ له بوَضوءٍ، فقالَ: \"تَوَضّأ يا أبا جُبَيرٍ\". فبَدأَ أبو جُبَيرٍ بفِيهِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا تَبدأ بفِيكَ يا أبا جُبَيرٍ؟ فإنَّ الكافِرَ يبدأُ بفِيهِ\". ثم دَعا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بوَضوءٍ، فغَسَلَ كَفَيه حَتَى أنقاهُما، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلى المِرفَقِ ثَلاثًا واليُسرَى ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ رأسَه، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-103>بابُ صِفَةِ غَسلِهِما</span>\n\n٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: حدَّثنى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَيّدَلانيُّ، حدثنا سلَمةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه أخبرَه أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم فليفرِغْ على يَدِه ثلاثَ مرات (^٣) قبلَ أن يُدخِلَ يَدَه في إنائِه؛ فإنه لا يَدرِى فيمَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلَمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في الأصل، س، أ، م. وفى د: \"عن جده\". وفى حاشيتها: (جبير). وفى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وقع وصوابه عن أبيه جبير عن أبيه نفير\"، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩: سقط منه عن جده نفير.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٧ من طريق آدم به. وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٧٦٨) من طريق الليث به. وابن حبان (١٠٨٩) من طريق معاوية به. وينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (٢٨٢٠).\n(^٣) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"غرفات\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٩) من طريق سلمة به. وأحمد (٩٢٣٨) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٨/ ٨٨).","vol":"1","page":144},{"text":"وقالَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَعقوبَ عن أبي هريرةَ: \"فليُفرِغْ على يَدَيه مِنَ الماءِ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن علي قال (^٢): صَلَى عَلِيٌّ الفَجرَ ثم دَخَلَ الرَّحْبَةَ (^٣) ودَخَلنا معه، فدَعا بوَضوءٍ، فأَتاه الغُلامُ بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ وطَسْتٍ، فأَخَذَ الإناءَ بيَمينِه فأَفرَغَ على يَدِه اليُسرَى ثم غَسَلَهُما جَميعًا، ثم أخَذَ الإناءَ بيَمينِه فأَفرَغَ على يَدِه اليُسرَى فغَسَلَهُما جَميعًا، فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا قبلَ أن يُدخِلَهُما في الإناءِ. وذكَر الحديثَ، وفي آخِرِه قال: مَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلى وُضوءِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فهذا كان طُهورَه (^٤).\n\n٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عيسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه يَعنِي ابنَ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي عَلقَمَةَ، أن عثمانَ دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضَّأَ، فأَفرَغَ بيَدِه اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى، ثم غَسَلَهُما إلى الكُوعَينِ. قال: ثم مَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا. ثم ذكَر الوُضوءَ ثَلاثًا، قال: ومَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه عقب (٢٠٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يعقوب.\n(^٢) أي عبد خير.\n(^٣) الرَّحْبة: هي رحبة الكوفة، وهي دكان وسط مسجد الكوفة كان على يقعد فيه ويعظ. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ١/ ٣٢٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٢٨) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأحمد (١١٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٩٠ من طريق زائدة به، وقال الدارقطني: صحيح. وسيأتي في (٢٢٣، ٢٣٤، ٢٦٦، ٢٧٣، ٣٢١، ٣٥٢).","vol":"1","page":145},{"text":"غَسَلَ رِجلَيه، وقالَ: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ مِثلَ ما رأَيتُمونِى تَوَضأتُ. وساقَ الحديثَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهذا الغَسلُ عِندَنا سُنَّةٌ واختيارٌ، لَيسَ بواجِبٍ، وبِه قال عَطاءٌ وابنُ سيرينَ وأَصحابُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ يَرفَعُه قال: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ النَّومِ فليُفرِغْ على يَدَيه الماءَ قبلَ أن يُدخِلَهُما في الإناءِ\". قال: فقالَ له قَيسٌ (^٣) الأشجَعِيُّ: فإِذا جِئنا مِهْراسَكُم هذا فكَيفَ نَصنَعُ بهِ؟ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِن شَرِّك (^٤).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِيُّ: المِهراسُ حَجَرٌ مَنقورٌ مُستَطيلٌ عَظيمٌ كالحَوضِ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنه الناسُ، لا يَقدِرُ أحَدٌ (^٥) على تَحريكِهِ (^٦).\n\n٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٩)، قال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٠٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٦٠).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ ومسند أحمد الموضع الثاني، وعند أبي عبيد (قين). وينظر ترجمة قين الأشجعى في الإصابة ٩/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد في الطهور (٢٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٨٦، ٨٩٦٥) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وحسن إسناده الألباني في الإرواء (١٦٤).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"حدكم\".\n(^٦) غريب الحديث ٤/ ١٨٥.","vol":"1","page":146},{"text":"محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ مِهرانَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ النَّومِ فلا يُدخِلْ يَدَه في الإناءِ حَتَّى يَغسِلَ يَدَه، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^١). قالَ سليمانُ: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لإبراهيمَ، قال: قَد قال أصحابُ عبدِ اللَّه: فكَيفَ يَصنَعُ أبو هريرةَ بالمِهْراسِ؟ قال سليمانُ: فكانوا لا يَرَونَ بأسًا أن يُدخِلَها إذا كانَت نَظيفَةً (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ الشافعيُّ بحَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في تَركِ الوُضوءِ عِندَ الطَّعامِ بعدَ ما خَرَجَ مِنَ الخَلاءِ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: واحتَجَّ أصحابُنا في ذَلِكَ بحَديثِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-104>بابُ إدخالِ اليَمينِ في الإناءِ والغَرفِ بها لِلمَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عمدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ قال: رأيتُ عثمانَ تَوَضّأ فأَفرَغَ على\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٥).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٤١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٩٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٩٩)، وسيأتي في (٣٩١٤).","vol":"1","page":147},{"text":"يَدَيه مِنَ الإناءِ، فغَسَلَهُما ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى في الوَضوءِ، فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم قال: رأيتُ رسولَ االله - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قال: \"مَن تَوَضأَ مِثلَ (^١) وُضوئى هذا، ثم رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ لم يُحَدثْ فيهِما نَفسَه غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٢).\n\n٢٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى. فذكَره بمَعناه، وزادَ في الرِّجلِ: إلى الكَعبَينِ (^٢).\n\n٢٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ االله الحافظُ، أخبرَنى محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ حَمدونٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزَّهريِّ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ. فذكَره بمَعناه، قال: ثم أدخَلَ يَمينَه في الوَضوءِ، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نحو\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (٢) من طريق الليث به. ثم ذكره أيضا عقبه من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٤).\n(^٤) أحمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن محمد أبو بكر الحرشي الحيرى النيسابورى الشافعي، مسند =","vol":"1","page":148},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن حُمران مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ أنَّه رأى عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ دَعا بوَضوءٍ، فأَفرَغَ على يَدِه مِن إنائِه، فغَسَلَهُما ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم أدخَلَ يَمينَه في الوَضوءِ، ثم تَمَضمَص واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ كُل رِجلٍ مِن رِجلَيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قال: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ مِثلَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ نَفسَه فيهما، غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-105>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ المضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ الهَمْدانِيُّ،\n_________\n= خراسان، قال عبد الغافر: كان من أصح أقرانه سماعا، وأوفرهم إتقانا، وأتمهم ديانة واعتقادًا، صنف في الأصول والحديث. قال محمد بن منصور السمعانى: ثقة في الحديث. وقال الذهبي: كان بصيرا بالمذهب، فقيه النفس. توفي سنة (٤٢١ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٧٤)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٥٦، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٤/ ٦.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٥٥)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٧١) من طريق أبي اليمان به. والنسائي (٨٥)، وابن حبان (١٠٦٠) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٤).","vol":"1","page":149},{"text":"عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ أنه أُتِىَ بوَضوءٍ، أَو أُتِىَ بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ، فأَفرَغَ على يَدَيه مِنَ الإناءِ، فغَسَلَهُما ثَلاثًا قبلَ أن يُدخِلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ، وأَدخَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى في الإناءِ، فمَلأ فمَه فتَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ بيَدِه اليُسرَى، يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثًا، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ، فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ إلى المِرفَقِ، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُسرَى ثلاثَ مَرّات إلى المِرفَقِ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى في الإناءِ حَتَّى غَمَرَها الماءُ، فرَفَعَها بما حَمَلَت مِنَ الماءِ ثم مَسَحَها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم مَسَحَ رأسَه (^١) بيَدَيه كِلتَيهِما مَرَّةً، ثم صَبَّ بيَدِه اليُمنَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ على قَدَمِه اليُمنَى، ثم غَسَلها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم صَبَّ بيَدِه اليُمنَى على قَدَمِه اليُسرَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم قال: هذا طُهورُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلى طُهورِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فهذا طُهورُه (^٢).\n\n٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضَّأَ أحَدُكُم فليَستَنْشِقْ بمِنْخَرَيه ماءً ثم لِيُنْثر (^٣) \" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"برأسه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٢)، والنسائي (٩١) من طريق الحسين بن علي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٣). وتقدم في (٢١٥)، وسيأتي في (٢٦٦).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"لينتثر\". وكتب فوقها: \"خ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٧٢) عن أحمد بن يوسف السلمى به. وأحمد (٨١٩٤) عن عبد الرزاق به.","vol":"1","page":150},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^١).\n\n٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وإِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضَّأَ أحَدَكُم فليَجعَلْ في أنفِه الماءَ (^٢) ثم ليَنتَثِرْ، ومَنِ استَجمَرَ فليوتِرْ\" (^٣). رواه البخاري في \"صحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-106>بابُ سُنَّةِ التَّكرارِ في المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. وحدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، أخبرَه أن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ أخبرَه أن عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ دَعا يَومًا بوَضوءٍ، فتَوَضَّأَ، فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣٧/ ٢١).\n(^٢) في س: \"ماء\".\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٤٦)، والنسائي (٨٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٠)، وابن حبان (١٤٣٩) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٣٧/ ٢٠).","vol":"1","page":151},{"text":"مَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^١) ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. وذكَر الحديثَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَومًا تَوَضأَ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا (^٢). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطَّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، إلا أنَّهُما لم يَذكُرا التَّكرارَ في المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ (^٣). وقَد روِى في حَديثِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ وبَحرِ بنِ نَصرٍ هَكَذا، وهُما ثِقَتانِ. والله أعلمُ.\nوقَد روِى التَّكرارُ فيهِما عن عثمانَ مِن [أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^٤):\n\n٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليُّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ الإسكَندَرانيُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثنى سعيدُ بنُ زيادٍ المُؤذِّنُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ التَّيمِي قال: سُئلَ ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن الوُضوءِ، فقالَ: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ سُئلَ عن الوُضوءِ، فدَعا بماءٍ، فأُتى بالمِيضأَةِ فأَصغاها (^٥) على يَدِه اليُمنَى، ثم أدخَلها في الماءِ، فتَمَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا، واستَنثَرَ (^٦) ثَلاثًا. وذكَر الحديثَ، وَفِى آخِرِه قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٥)، والصغرى (٩٤)، والخلافيات (٢٧٧، ٢٧٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣) عن محمد بن عبد الحكم به. والنسائي (١١٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٦/ ٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فأكفأها\". والميضأة: شبه المطهرة، تسع من الماء قدر ما يتوضأ به. وأصغاها أمالها ليصب ما فيها. ينظر معالم السنن ١/ ٢٨، وغريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٢٣٣، ٢٣٤، ومشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٨.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٧) أبو داود (١٠٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح سنن أبي داود (٩٩): حسن صحيح.","vol":"1","page":152},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورواه أيضًا أبو عَلقَمَةَ عن عثمانَ (^١)، وثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٢)، وروِّيناه عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة وأبو ثابِتٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَنامِه فتَوَضَّأَ فليَستَنثِرْ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ؛ فإنَّ الشَّيطانَ يبيتُ على خَيشومِه\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، ورواه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ (^٥).\n\n٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن قارِظٍ يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي غَطَفانَ قالَ: رأَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ تَوَضأَ فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ (^٦) مَرَّتَينِ، وقالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢١٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٣١، ٢٣٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي حازم به. وأحمد (٨٦٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٩) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٢٩٥)، ومسلم (٢٣٨).\n(^٦) في الأصل، د: \"واستنثر\".","vol":"1","page":153},{"text":"\"إذا مَضمَضَ أحَدُكُم واستَنثر (^١) فليفعَلْ ذَلِكَ مَرَّتَينِ بالِغَتَينِ أو ثَلاثا\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-107>بابُ المُبالَغَةِ في الاستِنشاقِ إلا أن يَكونَ صائمًا</span>\n\n٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ لَقيطِ بنِ صبِرَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فذكَر أشياءَ، فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أسبغِ الوُضوءَ وخَلِّلِ الأصابِعَ، وإذا استَنشَقتَ فبالِغْ إلا أن تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-108>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَ المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو النضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ واللفظ له، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ رَجاءٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا وهبُ ابنُ بقيَّة قالا: حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ رجلٌ مِن بني النَّجّارِ وكانَت له\n_________\n(^١) في\"س، م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٨٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١١)، وأبو داود (١٤١)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٧) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٧، ١٤٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٨٠)، والترمذي (٣٨)، والنسائي (٨٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحح. وسيأتي في (٣٦٠، ٨٣٣٧).","vol":"1","page":154},{"text":"صُحبَةٌ- قالَ: قُلنا له: تَوَضّأْ لَنا وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. فدَعا بماءٍ، فأَفرَغَ على كَفَّيه فغَسَلَهُما ثَلاثًا، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه فاستَخرَجَها، فتَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ مِن كَفٍّ واحِدَةٍ، يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه فمَسَحَ برأسِه، فأَقبَلَ بهِما وأَدبَرَ مَرَّةً، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ، ثم قال: هَكَذا كان وُضوءُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، كِلاهُما عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى قال: ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في التَّوْرِ، فمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^٣) ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ مِن غَرفَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^٤). يَعنِي -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- مَضمَضَ واستنثر (٣) كُلَّ مَرَّةٍ مِن غَرفَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، ثم فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثًا بثَلاثِ غَرَفاتٍ (^٥) بدَليلِ ما:\n\n٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٩) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٦٤٤٥)، والدارمى (٧٢١)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٥)، من طريق خالد به. وسيأتي في (٢٧٢، ٣٧٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩١)، ومسلم (٢٣٥/ ١٨).\n(^٣) في ر، س، م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٩)، ومسلم (٢٣٥) عقب (١٨).\n(^٥) في الأصل، د، ر: \"غرف\".","vol":"1","page":155},{"text":"قال: شَهِدتُ عمرَو بنَ أبي حَسَنٍ سألَ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ زَيدٍ عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فدَعا بتَوْرٍ مِن ماءٍ، فتَوَضأَ لَهُم، فأَكفأَ على يَدَيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ مِنَ التَّوْرِ، فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فتَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ مِن ثَلاثِ غُرَفٍ (^١) مِن ماءٍ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فمَسَحَ برأسِه فأَقبَلَ بيَدِه وأَدبَرَ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فغَسَلَ رِجلَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وقال في الحديثِ: فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ ثَلاثًا بثَلاثِ غَرَفاتٍ مِن ماءٍ. ورواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ بِشرٍ عن بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ عن وُهَيبٍ، وقال في الحديثِ: فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ مِن ثَلاثِ غرفاتٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ القاضي، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، وجَمعَ بَينَ المَضمَضةِ والاستِنشاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"غرفات\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٦)، والمعرفة (٣٥٦). أخرجه البخاري (١٨٦) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٣)، ومسلم ١/ ٢١١ (٢٣٥/ ...).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٠. وأخرجه الدارمي (٧٢٤)، وابن حبان (١٠٧٦) من طريق أبي الوليد به. والنسائي (١٠١)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٣)، من طريق الدراوردى به. وصححه النووى في المجموع ١/ ٣٩٨. وسيأتي في (٣٤٥).","vol":"1","page":156},{"text":"٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ قالَ: أتانا عَلِيٌّ وقَد صَلَّى، فدَعا بطَهورٍ. وذكَر الحديثَ قال: ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ ثَلاثا، فمَضمَضَ ونَثَرَ مِنَ الكَفِّ الذي أخَذَ فيهِ. وذكَر الحديثَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: مَن سَرَّه أن يَعلَمَ وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فهوَ هذا (^١).\n\n٢٣٥ - حدثنا أبو بكبر محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبهانى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن [مالِكِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ] (^٢)، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ الخَيوانِيِّ (^٣)، أن عَليًّا أُتِىَ بكُرسِيٍّ، فقَعَدَ عليه، ثم أُتِيَ بكُوزٍ مِن ماءٍ، فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا، ثم مَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا مع الاستِنشاقِ بماءٍ واحِدٍ، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا بيَدٍ واحِدَةٍ، وغسل ذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ووَضَعَ يَدَه في التَّوْرِ، ثم مَسَحَ رأسه (^٤) وأَقبَلَ بيَدَيه على رأسِه، ولا أدرِى أدبَرَ بهما أم لا، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا، ثم قالَ: مَن سَرَّه أن يَنظُرَ إلى طُهورِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فهذا طُهورُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٤)، والنسائي (٩٢) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وتقدم في (٢١٥)، وسيأتي من طريق آخر عن مسدد (٣٢١).\n(^٢) قوله: \"مالك بن عرفطة\" إنما هو: \"خالد بن علقمة\" وكان شعبة يخطئ فيه. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٠٢٠٣)، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٥٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ١٠٨.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قال ابن الصلاح: هو من فخذ من همذان يقال له خيوان بفتح الخاء المعجمة وبعدها ياء ساكنة منقوطة باثنتين من تحت ثم واو ثم ألف والله أعلم\".\n(^٤) في س، ب، د، م: \"برأسه\".\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨٩، ١١٧٨)، وأبو داود (١١٣)، والنسائي (٩٤) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":157},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-109>بابُ الفَصلِ بَينَ المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَة، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ لَيثًا يَذكُرُ عن طَلحَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه قال: دَخَلتُ يَعنِي على النبي - ﷺ - وهو يَتَوَضَّأُ، والماءُ يَسيلُ مِن وجهِه ولِحيَتِه على صَدرِه، فرأيتُه يَفصلُ بَينَ المضمَضةِ والاستِنشاقِ (^١).\nوقالَ أبو داودَ في حَديثٍ آخَرَ لِلَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصرِّفٍ عن أبيه عن جدِّه في الوُضوءِ: قال مُسَدَّدٌ: فحَدَّثتُ به يَحيَى يَعنِي القَطانَ، فأَنكَرَه. قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ يقولُ: إنَّ ابنَ عُيَينَةَ كان يُنكِرُه ويَقولُ: أيشٍ هذا طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصرِّفٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه؟ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّرائفِي قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه المَدينِيَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: إنَّ لَيثًا رَوَى عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصرِّفٍ عن أبيه عن جدِّه أنه رأى النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضأ. فأنكَرَ ذَلِكَ سُفيانُ يَعنِي ابنَ عُيَينَةَ، وعَجِبَ أن يَكونَ جَدُّ طَلحَةَ لَقِيَ النبيَّ - ﷺ -. قال علي: وسألتُ عبدَ الرحمنِ يَعنِي ابنَ مَهدِيٍّ عن نَسَبِ جَدَّ طَلحَةَ، فقالَ: عمرُو بنُ كَعبٍ، أو كَعبُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٣٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٣٢).","vol":"1","page":158},{"text":"عمرو، وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ. وقال غَيرُه: عمرُو بنُ كَعبٍ. لم يَشُكَّ فيهِ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ قال: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، رأَى جَدُّه النبيَّ - ﷺ -؟ فقال يَحيَى: المُحَدِّثونَ يَقولونَ: قَد رآه. وأَهلُ بَيتِ طَلحَةَ يَقولونَ: لَيسَت له صُحبَةٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-110>بابُ تأكيدِ المضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَسَّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكِرمانِيُّ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ الصّائغُ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِي ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرني أبو إدريسَ انَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يُخبِرُ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فليَستَنثِرْ، ومَنِ استَجمَرَ فليوتِر\" (^٣). هذا حَديثُ ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وزادَ حَسّانُ في حَديثِه أبا سعيدٍ الخدريُّ. فذكَره عَنهُما عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٣٨ من طريق علي به، إلى قوله: لقى النبي -ﷺ -.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (١٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٧٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن حبان (١٤٣٨) من طريق يونس.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦١)، ومسلم (٢٣٧/ عقب ٢٢).","vol":"1","page":159},{"text":"٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا حجَّاج بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه قال: وحدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ واللفظ له، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسدَّد، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حدَّثني إسماعيلُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن عاصمِ بنِ لَقيطِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه أتَى عائشةَ هو وصاحِبٌ له يَطلُبانِ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فلَم يَجِداه، فأَطعَمَتهُما عائشَةُ تَمرًا وعَصيدًا (^١)، فلَم يَلبَثا أن جاءَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَقَلَّعُ يَتَكَفّأُ (^٢) فقال: \"هَل أطعَمَكُما (^٣) أحدٌ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّه. ثم قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أخبِرنا عن الصلاةِ. فقالَ: \"أسبِغِ الوضوء وخلِّلِ الأصابعَ، وإذا استنشقت فبالِغ إلا أن تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٤).\n\n٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارىُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيج بهذا الحديث، قال فيه: \"إذا تَوَضَأْتَ فَمَضمِض\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) العصيدة: دقيق يلت بالسمن ويطبخ. النهاية ٣/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) التقلع: قوة المشي، كأنه يرفع رجليه من الأرض رفعًا قويًّا، لا كمن يمشي اختيالًا ويقارب خطاه؛ فإن ذلك من مشي النساء، ويوصفن به، ويتكفأ: يتمايل إلى قدام. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٠١، ١٨٣.\n(^٣) في د: \"أطعمهما\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٤٦)، وأبو داود (١٤٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٠).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٤٤). وأخرجه الدارمي (٧٣٢) عن أبي عاصم به، وعنده: \"إذا توضأت فأسبغ\" بدلًا من: \"إذا توضأت فمضمض\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٣١).","vol":"1","page":160},{"text":"٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عَمّارِ بن أبي عَمَّارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أمَرَ بالمَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ (^١). قال: وقال مَرَّةً أُخرَى مرسلًا لم يَقُلْ: عن أبي هريرةَ.\nقال الشيح: كَذا في هذا الحديثِ، أظنُّهُ هُدبَةُ أرسَلَه مَرَّةً، ووصَلَهُ أُخرَى. وتابَعَه داوُدُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ عن حَمَّادٍ في وصلِه (^٢)، وغَيرُهُما يَرويه مُرسَلًا. كَذَلِكَ ذكَره لِي أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ عن أبي الحسنِ الدَّارَقُطنِيِّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وخَالَفهُمَا إبراهيمُ بنُ سليمانَ الخَلَّالُ -شَيخٌ ليَعقوبَ بنِ سُفيانَ- فقال: عنَ حَمّادٍ عن عَمّارٍ عن ابن عباسٍ. وكِلاهُما غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ.\n\n٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعد أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّوفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عِصامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سليمانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"المَضمَضةُ والاستِنشاق مِنَ الوُضوءِ الذي لا بُدَّ مِنه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١١٦، والصيداوى في معجم الشيوخ (٤١) من طريق هدبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١١٦ من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) علل الدارقطني ٨/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦.\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١١٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٨٤ عن ابن أبي داود -وهو عبد الله بن سليمان بن الأشعث- به.","vol":"1","page":161},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورواه إسماعيلُ بنُ بشرٍ البَلخِيُّ عن عِصامِ نَحوَه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"مِنَ الوُضوءِ الذي لا تَتِمُّ الصَّلاةُ إلا به\".\n\n٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قال: تَفَرَّدَ به عِصامٌ (^١) ووَهِمَ فيه، والصَّوابُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ موسَى مُرسَلًا عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضأَ فليمضمضْ وليستنشقْ (^٢). قال عَلِيٌّ: حدثنا به محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحسانيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فليمضمض وليستنشقْ\" (^٣). وهَكَذا رواه سُفيانُ الثورِيُّ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُهُما عن ابنِ جرَيجٍ (^٤). ورواه محمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ الجُوزْجانيُّ عن الفضلِ بنِ موسَى السيَّانيِّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بإِسنادِ عِصامٍ ومَتنِ الجَماعَةِ (^٥). قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ: محمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ هذا ضَعيفٌ (^٦)، وهذا خَطأ، والمُرسَلُ أصَحُّ (^٧). واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) هو عصام بن يوسف البلخي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٥/ ٢٠٠٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٦٧، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٤. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٤/ ١٠٥.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٦) عن وكيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٨٤ من طريق الثورى وابن عيينة به. والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٤٠٦ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه العقيلي في الضعفاء ٤/ ٣٢، والدارقطني ١/ ٨٤ من طريق محمد بن الأزهر به.\n(^٦) هو محمد بن الأزهر الجوزجاني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢١٤٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٦٧، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٦٤.\n(^٧) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٤.","vol":"1","page":162},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-111>بابُ سُنَّةِ المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ، وأَنَّهُما غَيُر واجِبتَيِن</span>\nوبِه قال الحسنُ وعَطاءٌ آخِرَ قَولَيه والزُّهرِيُّ وقَتادَةُ ورَبيعَةُ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ (^١).\n\n٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن ابن الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"عَشرٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ، قَصُّ الشارِبِ، وإعفاءُ اللِّحيَةِ، والسِّواكُ، والاستِنشاقُ بالماءِ، وقَصُّ الأظفارِ، وغَسلُ البَراجِمِ، ونَتفُ الإِبْطِ، وحَلقُ العانَةِ، وانتِقاصُ الماءِ\". يَعنِي الإستنجاء بالماء. قال زكريا: قال مُصعَبٌ: ونَسيتُ العاشِرَةَ، إلا أن يكون المَضمَضَةَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ، وذكَر فيه: يَعنِي الاستِنجاءَ بالماءِ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ (^٤) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغاني، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن علي بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٨)، والأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (٣٦٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٤)، وأبو داود (٥٣). وتقدم في (١٥٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦١/ ٥٦). وينظر التمهيد ٢١/ ٦٥، والعلل للدارقطنى ١٤/ ٨٩.\n(^٤) محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن شاذان بن أبي الفوارس أبو صادق النيسابورى الصيدلانى العطار، الأديب المسند، الشيخ الفقيه الإمام، قال عبد الغافر: دين ثقة مشهور. توفي سنة (٤١٥ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٨)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٠١.","vol":"1","page":163},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَشرَةٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ؛ المضمضةُ، والاستِنشاقُ، والسواك، وقص الشّارِبِ، وتَقليمُ الأظفارِ، ونَتفُ الإِبْطِ وحَلقُ العانَةِ، وغَسلُ البَراجِمِ، والانتِضاحُ بالماءِ، والخِتانُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-112>بابُ غَسلِ الوَجهِ</span>\n\n٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حدَّثنى أبي، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباس أنَّه تَوَضأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه؛ أخَذَ غَرفَةً مِن ماءٍ فتَمَضمَضَ بها واستَنثَرَ، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَةً فجَعَلَ بها هَكَذا -يَعنِي أضافَها إلى يَدِه الأُخرَى- فغَسَلَ بها (^٢) وجهَه، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَة مِن ماءٍ فغَسَلَ بها يَدَه اليُمنَى، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَةً مِن ماءٍ فغَسَلَ بها يَدَه اليُسرَى، ثم مَسَحَ رأسَه، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَةً مِن ماءٍ ثم رَشَّ على رِجلِه اليُمنَى حَتَّى غَسَلها، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَةً أُخرَى فغَسَلَ بها رِجلَه اليُسرَى، ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -. يَعنِي يَتَوَضّأُ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحيمِ عن أبي سلَمةَ مَنصورِ بنِ سلَمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٢٧)، وأبو داود (٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤) من طريق حماد به. وأعله ابن القطان بالانقطاع بين سلمة وعمار؛ وبضعف علي بن زيد. ينظر بيان الرهم والإيهام ٣/ ٣٣٤ (١٠٧٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"بهما\".\n(^٣) أحمد (٢٤١٦). وسيأتي في (٣٤٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤٠).","vol":"1","page":164},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-113>بابُ التَّكرارِ في غَسلِ الوَجهِ</span>\n\n٢٤٦ - حدثنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ وأبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأدِيبُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ جعفر بنُ محمدٍ الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خالِدٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ يَزيدَ أخبرَه أن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ أخبرَه، أنَّه رأَى عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ دَعا بإناءٍ، فأَفرَغَ على يَدَيه ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فغَسَلَهُما، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فتَمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^١)، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ إلى الكَعبَينِ، ثم قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ نَحوَ وُضوئي هذا، ثم صَلّى رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ فيهِما نَفْسَه بشَئ غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه الأوَيسِيِّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبيهِ (^٣). ورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن علي بن أبي طالِب - ﵁ - وعَبدِ اللَّه بن زَيدٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٢٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٢٦/ ٤).\n(^٤) تقدم عن عبد الله بن زيد في (١٢٠)، وتقدم عن عليٍّ في (٢٢٣).","vol":"1","page":165},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرَّانيُّ (^١)، حدَّثَني محمدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه الخَولانِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ عَلِيٌّ وقَد أَهْراقَ الماءَ (^٢)، فدَعا بوَضوءٍ، فأتَيناه بتَوْرٍ فيه ماءٌ حَتَّى وضَعناه بَينَ يَدَيه، فقال: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، ألا أُريكَ كَيفَ كان يَتَوَضأُ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فأَصغَى الإناءَ (^٣) على يَدِه فغَسَلَها (^٤)، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى فأَفرَغَ بها على الأُخرَى، ثم غَسَلَ كَفَّيه، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^٥)، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَيه في الإناءِ جَميعًا، فأَخَذَ بهِما حَفنَةً مِن ماءٍ فضرَبَ بها على وجهِه، ثم ألقَم إبهامَيه (^٦) ما أقبَلَ مِن أُذُنَيه، ثم الثّانيَةَ، ثم الثالِثَةَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم أخَذَ بكَفِّه اليُمنَى قَبضةً مِن ماء، فصَبَّها على ناصيَتِه، فتَرَكَها تَستَنُّ (^٧) على وجهِهِ. وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الخزاعي\". وسيأتي في (٤٨٦٥، ٧٠٤٥، ١٤٢٢٣، ١٤٣٩٩). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٢١٥، ٢١٦.\n(^٢) قال العظيم آبادى في عون المعبود ١/ ٤٣: \" أهراق الماء\" بفتح الهمزة وسكون الهاء .. والظاهر أن المراد بالماء ههنا البول.\n(^٣) تقدم معناه في (٢٢٧).\n(^٤) في س، د، م: \"فغسلهما\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٦) ألقم إبهاميه: أي جعل الإبهامين في الأذنين كاللقمة. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ٤٤.\n(^٧) تستن: تسيل، يقال: سننت الماء. إذا صببته صبًّا سهلًا. معالم السنن ١/ ٤٩.\n(^٨) أبو داود (١١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٨).","vol":"1","page":166},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-114>بابُ تَخليلِ اللِّحيَةِ</span>\n\n٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثنى أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن عامِرِ بنِ شَقيقٍ يَعنِي ابنَ جَمرَةَ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ قالَ: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ تَوَضّأَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، قالَ: فخلل لِحيَتَه ثَلاثًا حينَ غَسَلَ وجهَه، ثم قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فعَلَ الذي رأَيتُموني فعَلت (^١). بَلَغَنِي عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن هذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: هو حَسَنٌ. قالَ محمدٌ: أصَحُّ شَئٍ عِندِي في التَّخليلِ حَديثُ عثمانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ زَرْوانَ (^٣)، عن أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهﷺ - كان إذا تَوَضَّأَ أخَذَ كَفًّا من\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٨، ١٤٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٢٥)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣١)، وابن ماجه (٤٣٠)، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٣)، وعبد بن حميد (٦٢)، وأبو داود (١١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١، ١٥٢، ١٦٧) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) ذكره الترمذي في سننه عقب الحديث (٣٠)، وفي علله عقب (١٩).\n(^٣) في د، س، م: \"زوران\". قال ابن حجر: الوليد بن زوران، بزاى ثم واو ثم راء، وقيل بتأخير الواو. التقريب ٢/ ٣٣٢. وقد ذكره المزي: الوليد بن زروان، بتقديم الراء. تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٢، ١٣.","vol":"1","page":167},{"text":"ماءٍ، فأَدخَلَه تَحتَ حَنَكِه، فخَلَّلَ به لِحيَتَه، وقالَ: \"هَكَذا أمَرَنِى رَبِّي ﷿\" (^١). وروّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن الزُّهريِّ وموسَى بنِ أبى عائشةَ وغَيرِهِما عن أنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٠ - وأخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدوريُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا السُكَّرِيُّ -يَعنِي أبا حمزة- عن إبراهيمَ الصّائغِ، عن أبى خالِدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: وضَّأتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فخَلَّلَ لِحيَتَه وعَنفَقَتَه (^٣) بالأصابعِ، وقالَ: \"هَكَذا أمَرَنِي رَبِّي ﷿ \".\nوروِّينا في تَخليلِ اللِّحيَةِ عن عَمَّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ وعائشةَ وأُمِّ سلَمةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤)، ثم عن علي (^٥) وغَيرِهِ (^٦). وروِّينا فى الرُّخصَةِ فى تَركِه عن ابنِ عمرَ والحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ، ثم عن النَّخَعِيِّ وجَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (١٦٩١)، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٩ من طريق الزهرى وموسى به. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (١٦)، والوهم والإيهام لابن القطان ٥/ ٢٢٠، والبدر المنير ٢/ ١٨٨.\nوحاشية ابن القيم على أبى داود ١/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٣) العنفقة: الشعر الذى على الشفة السفلى. وقيل: الشعر الذى بينها وبين الذقن. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٩، ٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٩) من حديث عمار. وأحمد (٢٥٩٧٠) من حديث عائشة. والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٣، والطبرانى ٢٣/ ٢٩٨ (٦٦٤) من حديث أم سلمة.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى الطهور (٣٠٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٣٢، ٤٣٣) من حديث ابن عمر وأبى أيوب.\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٧، ١٢٦)، والأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (٣٦٦).","vol":"1","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-115>بابُ عَركِ العارِضَيِن </span>(^١)\n\n٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّوفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ دُحَيمٍ وجَماعَةٌ قالوا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي العِشرينَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ قال: حدَّثَني عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا تَوَضّأَ عَرَكَ عارِضَيه بَعضَ العَركِ، ثم شَبَكَ لِحيَتَه بأَصابِعِه مِن تَحتِها (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ قَيسٍ (^٣)، واختَلَفوا في عَدالَتِه، فوَثَّقَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٤)، وأَباه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (^٥) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ (^٦).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ قالَ: قالَ\n_________\n(^١) العارضان: صفحتا الخدين. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢١٢.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٥/ ١٩٣٥. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٦ من طريق دحيم به. وابن ماجه (٤٣٢) عن هشام به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (١٧٨): في إسناده عبد الواحد، وهو مختلف فيه.\n(^٣) هو عبد الواحد بن قيس السلمي أبو حمزة الدمشقي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٦، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٣، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ١٢٣، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٦٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٤٣٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢٦: صدوق له أوهام ومراسيل.\n(^٤) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدارمى (٤٧١). وقال الغلابى عن ابن معين: لم يكن عبد الواحد بن قيس بذاك ولا قريب. تاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ٢٦٥. ونقل ابن الجوزي في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٥٦ عن ابن معين أنه قال: ضعيف.\n(^٥) الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٣، وتاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٦، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٨٠.","vol":"1","page":169},{"text":"ابنُ أبي حاتِم: قال أبى: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ الوَليدُ عن الأوزاعِيِّ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِي وقَتادَةَ قالا: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ -. مُرسَلًا، وهو الصوابِ (^١). قال أبو الحسنِ: ورواه أبو المُغيرةِ عن الأوزاعِيِّ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عمرَ، وهو الصَّوابُ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٢ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هانيءٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ قال: حدَّثَني عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِيِّ، عن النبي - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٣).\n\n٢٥٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا تَوَضَّأَ يَعرُكُ عارِضَيه، ويَشبِكُ لِحيَتَه بأَصابِعِه أحيانًا وَيترُكُ أحيانًا (٢).\n\n٢٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه السُّوسيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَم، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِيُّ قال: حدَّثني عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثني نافِعٌ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان يَعرُكُ عارِضَيه، ويَشبِكُ لِحيَتَه بأصابِعِه أحيانًا وَيترُكُ. هَكَذا قال (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أشبه بالصواب\". وينظر سنن الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٧. وهو في العلل لابن أبى حاتم ١/ ٤٨٤.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٧، ١٥٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٥٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٧٤ من طريق الوليد عن الأوزاعي عن نافع به.","vol":"1","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-116>باب غسل اليدين</span>\n\n٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِم عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحافظ، حدثنا أبو اللَّيثِ نَصرُ (^١) بنُ القاسِمِ الفَرائضيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ فغَرَفَ غَرفَةً فمَضمَضَ مِنها واستَنثَرَ، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ وجهَه، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُسرَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فمَسَحَ رأسَه وأُذنَيه داخِلَهُما بالسَبّابَتَينِ، وخالَفَ بإِبهامَيه على ظاهِرِ أُذُنَيه فمَسَحَ باطِنَهُما وظاهِرَهُما، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ رِجْله اليُمنَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-117>بابُ التَّكرارِ في غَسلِ اليَدَينِ</span>\n\n٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن حُمرانَ بنِ أبانٍ قال: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ - ﵁ - تَوَضّأَ فأَفرَغَ على يَدَيه ثَلاثًا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مضر\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٢٩٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٦٥.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٤، ١٧٢) - وعنه ابن ماجه (٤٣٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٦)، والنسائي (١٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى في (٣٤٦).","vol":"1","page":171},{"text":"فغَسَلَهُما، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^١)، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلى المِرفَقِ ثَلاثًا، ثم اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم مَسَحَ يَدَه برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، ثم اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا ثم قال: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ كوُضوئى هذا ثم صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ فيهِما بشَئ، غُفِرَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-118>بابُ إدخالِ المِرفَقَيِن في الوُضوءِ</span>\nوبِه قال عَطاءٌ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٧ - حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَني سوَيد يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ العقيليُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُديرُ الماءَ على المِرفَقِ.\n\n٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا القاضِى أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٧٢٠). وأخرجه النسائى (٨٤) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. وسيأتى في (٢٦٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٣٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢).","vol":"1","page":172},{"text":"عَقيلٍ، عن جدِّه، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا تَوَضأَ أدارَ الماءَ على مِرفَقَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-119>بابُ استِحبابِ إمرارِ الماءِ على العَضُدِ</span>\n\n٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بن الفَضلِ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ قال: كُنتُ خَلفَ أبى هريرةَ وهو يَتَوَضّأُ لِلصَّلاةِ، فكانَ يَمُدُّ يَدَه حَتَّى يَبلُغَ إِبطَه، فقُلتُ له: يا أبا هريرةَ ما هذا الوُضوءُ؟ فقالَ لِى: يا بنى فرّوخَ (^٢)، أنتُم ههنا؟ لَو عَلِمتُ أنَّكُم ههنا ما تَوَضأتُ هذا الوُضوءَ، سمِعتُ خَليلِى - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تَبلُغ الحلية مِنَ المُؤمِنِ حَيث يَبلُغُ الوضوء\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٣، وقال: ابن عقيل ليس بالقوى. وقال الذهبى ١/ ٦٠: القاسم ساقط.\n(^٢) فروخ: من ولد إبراهيم ﵇كان من ولدٍ بعد إسماعيل وإسحاق- كثر نسله ونما عدده، وهو الذى ولد العجم الذين هم في وسط البلاد، يعنى العراق. قال القاضى عياض: أراد أبو هريرة هنا الموالى، وكان خطابه لأبى حازم. العين ٤/ ٢٥٣، وإكمال المعلم ٢/ ٣١.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٩) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٨٨٤٠) من طريق خلف به. وابن خزيمة (٧)، وابن حبان (١٠٤٥) من طريق أبى مالك به،\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٠).","vol":"1","page":173},{"text":"نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُجمِرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٢٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ واللفظ له، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليث، عن خالِدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُجمِرِ أنَّه قال: رَقِيتُ يَومًا مَعَ أبى هريرةَ على ظَهرِ المَسجِدِ وعَلَيه سَراويلُ مِن تَحتِ قَميصِه، فنَزَعَ سَراويلَه، ثم تَوَضّأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه ورَفَعَ في عَضُدَيه الوُضوءَ، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ورَفَعَ في ساقَيه الوُضوءَ، ثم قال: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إن أُمَّتِي تأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلينَ مِن آثارِ الوُضوءِ، فمَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُم أن يُطيلَ غُرَّتَه فليفعَلْ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ دونَ فِعلِ أبى هريرةَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وذكَر فِعلَ أبى هريرةَ بمَعناه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-120>بابُ تَحريكِ الخاتَمِ في الإصبعِ عِندَ غَسلِ اليَدَينِ</span>\n\n٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمد المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيِّ بنِ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ يَحيَى الضريرُ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه قال: أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن أبيه عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٣)، وابن حبان (١٠٤٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٩٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٤٦/ ٣٥).","vol":"1","page":174},{"text":"تَوَضَّأَ حَرَّكَ خاتَمَه (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: سَمِعتُ [ابنَ حَمّادٍ] (^٢) يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ: مُعَمَّرٌ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى رافِعٍ (^٣) مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: والاعتمادُ في هذا البابِ على الأثَرِ عن عليٍّ وغَيرِهَ.\n\n٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّه البَصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ جابرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجَمِّعَ بنَ عَتّابِ بنِ شُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: وضأتُ عَليًّا فكانَ إذا تَوَضأَ حَرَّكَ خاتَمَه (^٥).\n\n٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ التَّميمِيُّ المُقرِئُ (^٦) بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَيبانيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ التَّمَّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٤٤٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٤٩) من طريق معمر بن محمد به، وفى مصباح الزجاجة (١٨٤): إسناده ضعيف، لضعف معمر وأبيه محمد بن عبيد الله.\n(^٢) في س: \"حمادا\".\n(^٣) هو معمر بن محمد بن عبيد الله بن أبي رافع القرشى الهاشمي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ٣٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٣٢٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٥٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٢٥٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦٧: منكر الحديث.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٤٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٢٤) من طريق مجمع به.\n(^٦) محمد بن علي بن خشيش أبو الحسين التميمي المقرئ، روى عن محمد بن علي بن دحيم الشيباني، روى عنه المصنف. توفي سنة (٤٢٠ هـ) تقريبا. تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤١٠ هـ) ص ٥١٠.","vol":"1","page":175},{"text":"الحِمَّانِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ ويَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن المُعَلَّى (^١) بنِ جابِرٍ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عمرَ إذا تَوَضأَ حَرَّكَ خاتَمَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-121>بابُ المَسحِ بالرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ محمد الحرشيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزَّهريِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ الليثي، عن حُمرانَ بنِ أبانٍ قال: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ - ﵁ - تَوَضأَ، فأَفرَغَ على يَدَيه ثَلاثًا فغَسَلَهُما، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ (^٣)، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلى المِرفَقِ ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، ثم اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ نَحوَ وُضوئي هذا ثم قال: \"مَن تَوَضأَ (^٤) وُضوئى هذا، ثم صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ فيهِما نَفسَه غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن مَعمَرٍ كما تقدَّم (^٦)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^٧) عن الزُّهريِّ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"العلاء\".\n(^٢) في س: \"بن الجرشى\"، وفى م: \"الجرشى\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"واستنشق\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"نحو\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٣٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٢١)، وأبو داود (١٠٦). وتقدم في (٢٥٦).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٩٣٤).\n(^٧) في س، م: \"وجه آخرَ\".\n(^٨) مسلم (٢٢٦).","vol":"1","page":176},{"text":"٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا الحسينُ الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ (^١) عَلقَمَةَ الهَمذَانِيُّ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه دَعا بوَضوءٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ، قالَ فيه: ثم أدخَلَ [يَدَه اليُمنَى] (^٢) في الإناءِ حَتَّى غَمَرَها (^٣) الماءُ ثم رَفَعَها بما حَمَلَت مِنَ الماءِ، ثم مَسَحَها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم مَسَحَ رأسَه بيَدَيه كِلتَيهِما مَرَّةً. وذكَر الحديثَ، وفِي آخِرِه: فمَن أحَب أن يَنظُرَ إلى طُهورِ (^٤) رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فهذا طُهورُه (^٥).\n\n٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ الكِنانِيُّ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، أنَّه سمِع عَليًّا وسئل عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ قالَ: ومَسَحَ على رأسِه حَتَّى الماءُ (^٦) يَقطُرُ، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قالَ: هَكَذا كان وُضوءُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٧)\n\n٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"أبو\".\n(^٢) في س: \"يديه\".\n(^٣) في س: \"غمر بها\".\n(^٤) في د: \"طهر\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢١٥، ٢٢٣، ٢٣٤).\n(^٦) في الأصل، سنن أبى داود: \"لما\"، وكتب فوقها في الأصل \"كذا\". وسيأتي في (٣٥٣) بلفظ: \"حتى ألمّ أن يقطر\".\n(^٧) أبو داود (١١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٣) من طريق ربيعة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٠٥). وسيأتي في (٣٥٣).","vol":"1","page":177},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا خلّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال لَنا ابنُ عباسٍ: أتُحِبُّونَ أن أُريَكُم كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأ؟ فدَعا بإناءٍ فيه ماءٌ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: ثم قَبَضَ قَبضَةً مِنَ الماءِ، فنَفَضَ يَدَه فمَسَحَ بها رأسَه وأُذُنَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-122>بابُ مَسحِ بَعضِ الرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى وإِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِيُّ قالا: حدثنا مُسدَّد، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، حدثنا بَكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المزنيُّ، عن حمزة بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: تَخَلَّفَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - معه، فلَمّا قَضى حاجَتَه قال: هَل مَعَكَ ماءٌ؟ \". فأَتَيتُه بمطهرةٍ (^٢) فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ووَجهَه، ثم ذَهَبَ يَحسِرُ عن ذِراعَيه فضاقَ كُمُّ الجُبَّةِ، فأَخرَجَ يَدَيه مِن تَحتِ الجُبَّةِ، وأَلقَى الجُبَّةَ على مَنكِبَيه، فغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ومَسَحَ بناصيَتِه وعَلَى العِمامَةِ وعلى خُفَّيهِ. وذكَر باقِيَ الحديثِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٧) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٥). وسيأتي في (٣٤٤).\n(^٢) المطهرة؛ بكسر الميم وفتحها: الإناء الذى يتطهر منه. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٣/ ١٣١، ١٧١.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٠٨) من طريق يزيد به. وأحمد (١٨١٧٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١٤)، وابن حبان (١٣٤٧) من طريق حميد به مطولًا ومختصرًا.","vol":"1","page":178},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بَزيعٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِيُّ (^٢)، عن بكرٍ، عن ابنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبيه (^٣)، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ، ومَسَحَ مُقَدَّم رأسِه ووَضَعَ يَدَه على العِمامَةِ، أو مَسَحَ على العِمامَةِ (^٤). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أمية بنِ بِسطامَ وغَيرِه عن مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سليمانَ عن أبيهِ (^٥). ورواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن التَّيمِيِّ عن بكرٍ عن (^٦) الحسنِ عن ابنِ المُغيرَةِ. قال بَكر: وقَد سَمِعتُه مِنَ ابنِ المُغيرَةِ (^٧).\n\n٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدٍ، عن رجلٍ، عن عمرِو (^٨) بنِ وهبٍ الثَّقَفِي قال: كُنّا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ٨١).\n(^٢) في س: \"الليثى\".\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"عن جده\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧١١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ٨٢).\n(^٦) بعده في س، م: \"أبى\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٣٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٨٣)، وأبو داود (١٥٠)، والترمذى (١٠٠)، النسائي (١٠٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٤٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٨) في س: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٢٩١.","vol":"1","page":179},{"text":"عِندَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وفيه: فتَوَضأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه وغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ومَسَحَ بناصيَتِه، ومَسَحَ على العِمامَةِ والخُفينِ (^١). وكذلِكَ قال جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٢). وروِى عن قَتادَةَ وعَوفٍ وهِشامٍ وغَيرِهِم عن محمدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-123>بابُ الاختيارِ في استيعابِ الرأسِ بالمَسحِ</span>\n\n٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالْ قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَك يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه عن (^٤) مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَني مالكٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازنى، عن أبيه، أن رجلا قال لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، وهو جَدُّ عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: هَل تَستَطيعُ أن تُريَنِى كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ زَيدٍ: نَعَم. فدَعا بوَضوءٍ فأَفرَغَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤٢٩ (١٠٣٩) من طريق حماد به، وفيه: عن رجل يكنى أبا عبد الله.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٦٥) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤٢٦ (١٠٣٠) من طريق قتادة به. وابن حبان (١٣٤٢)، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤٢٨ (١٠٣٦) من طريق عوف وهشام به.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ هنا. وتقدم في (٣٥)، وسيأتي في (٤٧٩١، ٧٤١٢، ٧٤٩٦، ١٠٤٤٢) وهو في جميع المواضع: \"ومالك\"، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٠٧ - ١١٠، ٣١/ ٤٠٨.","vol":"1","page":180},{"text":"على يَدَيه، فغَسَلَ يَدَيه مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَيه مَرَّتَينِ إلى المِرفَقَينِ، ثم مَسَحَ رأسَه بيَدَيه فأَقبَلَ بهِما وأَدبَرَ، بَدأَ بمُقَدَّمِ رأسِه ثم ذَهَبَ بهِما إلى قَفاه، ثم رَدَّهُما حَتَّى رَجَعَ إلى المَكانِ الذى بَدأَ مِنه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُف عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ موسَى الأنصارِيُّ عن مَعنٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ. فذكَر الحديثَ في وُضوئِه قال: ومَسَحَ رأسَه بيَدَيه جَميعًا مُقَدَّمَه ومُؤَخَّرَه مَرَّةً. وذكَر الحديثَ، ثم قال: مَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلى وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فهذا كان طُهورَه (^٣).\n\n٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ ويَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأنطاكِيُّ لَفظُه (^٤) قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن حَريزِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٤٣١)، وأبو داود (١١٨)، والترمذي (٣٢)، والنسائى (٩٧، ٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٥، ١٥٧)، وابن حبان (١٠٨٤). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٥٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٠ من طريق ابن وهب عن يحيى ومالك به. وابن خزيمة (١٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب عن مالك وحده به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨٥)، ومسلم (٢٣٥/ ...).\n(^٣) في د: \"وضوءه\". وتقدم تخريج الحديث في (٢١٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"واللفظ له \".","vol":"1","page":181},{"text":"عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - توضأ، فإِذا بَلَغ مَسْحَ رأسِه وضَعَ كَفَّيه على مُقَدَّمِ رأسِه، فأمرَّهُمَا حَتَى بلغَ القَفا، ثم ردَّهمَا إلى المَكانِ الذى بَدأَ مِنه (^١). قال مَحمود: قال: أخبرني حَريزٌ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا، أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الحرانيُّ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِم، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه ينُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ المُغيرَةُ بنُ فروَةَ ويَزيدُ بنُ أبى مالكٍ، أن معاويةَ تَوَضأَ لِلناسِ كما رأَى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ، فلمَّا بَلَغَ رأسَه غَرَفَ غَرفَة مِن ماءٍ فتَلَقّاها بشِمالِه حَتَى وضعَها على وسَطِ رأسِه حَتَى قَطَرَ الماءُ أو كادَ يَقطُرُ، ثم مَسَحَ مِن مُقَدَّمِه (^٣) إلى مُؤَخرِه، ومِن مُؤَخرِه إلى مُقَدَّمِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-124>بابُ تَحَرِّي الصُّدغَينِ في مَسحِ الرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي أيوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوذِ ابنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: رأَيتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٢). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٢٧٧ (٦٥٦) من طريق يعقوب بن كعب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١١٣).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"حتى يرفع\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مقدم رأسها\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٥٤، ١٦٨٥٥) من طريق الوليد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١١٥).","vol":"1","page":182},{"text":"يَتَوَضّأُ فمَسَحَ ما أقبَلَ مِن رأسِه وما أدبَرَ، ومَسَحَ صُدغَيه وأُذُنَيه ظاهِرَهُما وباطِنَهُما وثِنْيَهما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-125>بابُ المَسحِ على شَعَرِ الرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ (^٢)، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ معوِّذٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ عِندَها فمَسَحَ برأسِه، فمَسَحَ الرأسَ كُلَّه مِن فوقِ الشَّعَرِ كُلَّ ناحيَةٍ لِمُنصَبِّ الشَّعَرِ، لا يُحَرِّكُ الشَّعَرَ عن هَيئَتِه. وفِى رِوايَةِ غَيرِه (^٣): مِن قَرنِ (^٤) الشَّعَرِ (^٥).\n\n٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثني أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان إذا مَسَحَ رأسَه لم يَقلِبْ شَعَرَه (^٦). قالَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"منبتهما\". والثنى: تضاعيف الشئ. ينظر اللسان ١٤/ ١١٥ (ث ن ى).\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٢٢)، وأبو داود (١٢٩)، والترمذى (٣٤) من طريق ابن عجلان به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح سنن أبى داود (١١٩).\n(^٢) في د: \"معين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٠١.\n(^٣) في س، م: \" غيرها\".\n(^٤) في د: \"فوق\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٢٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٨) من طريق الليث به، ولفظ أحمد: من قرن الشعر. ولفظ أبى داود: من فوق الشعر. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١١٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥١) عن سهل بن يوسف به.","vol":"1","page":183},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّه: هذا وحَديثُ الرُّبَيِّع مَعناهُما واحِدٌ: لا يَقلِبُ الشَّعَرَ عن (^١) مَجاريهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-126>بابُ إمرارِ الماءِ على القَفا</span>\n\n٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنامٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ قالا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا مَسَحَ رأسَه استَقبَلَ رأسَه بيَدَيه حَتَى يأتىَ على أُذُنَيه وسالِفَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ الوادعيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى الحمَّانيُّ، حدثنا حَفص، عن لَيثٍ، عن طَلحَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه أنَّه أبصَرَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - حينَ تَوَضأَ مَسَحَ رأسَه وأُذُنَيه وأمرَّ يَدَيه على قَفاه (^٣). ورواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ فقالَ: مَسَحَ رأسَه حَتَّى بَلَغَ القَذالَ (^٤). وهو أوَّلُ القَفا، ولَم يَذكُرِ الإمرارَ.\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"على\".\n(^٢) السالفة: مقدمة العنق، وسالف كل شئ أوله. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٨.\nوالحديث أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٥١). والدولابى في الكنى (٣٦٠) من طريق حفص به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠) عن حفص بن غياث به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٥١)، وأبو داود (١٣٢) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (١٩).","vol":"1","page":184},{"text":"٢٨١ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ (^١)، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو إسرائيلَ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان إذا مَسَحَ رأسَه مَسَحَ قَفاه مَعَ رأسهِ. هذا مَوقوفٌ، والمُسنَدُ في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ، والله أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-127>بابُ المَسحِ على العِمامَةِ مَعَ الرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حُمَيد الطَّويلُ، حدثنا بَكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المزنيُّ، عن حمزة بنِ المغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: تخَلَّفَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فتخلَّفتُ معه، فلَمّا قَضَى حاجَتَه قال: \"أمَعَكَ ماءٌ؟ \". فأَتَيتُه بمِطهَرَةٍ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، وغَسَلَ وجهَه، ثم ذَهَبَ يَحسِرُ عن ذِراعَيه فضاقَ كُمُّ الجُبَّةِ، فأَخرَجَ يَدَيه مِن تَحتِ الجُبَّةِ، وأَلقَى الجبَّةَ على مَنكِبَيه، فغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ومَسَحَ بناصيَتِه، وعَلَى العِمامَةِ وعَلَى خُفَّيه ثم رَكِبَ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما تَقَدَّمَ ذِكرِى لَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"حفص\". وهو محمد بن الحسين أبو حصين الوادعى القاضى المتقدم في الإسناد السابق.\nينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٢١ (ترجمة يحيى بن عبد الحميد الحمانى)، والمشتبه ١/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٠٨) عن حميد بن مسعدة به. وتقدم في (٢٦٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٧٤/ ٨١).","vol":"1","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-128>بابُ إيجابِ المَسحِ بالرأسِ وإن كان مُتَعَمِّمًا</span>\n\n٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ قال: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: حدَّثَك مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى مَعقِلٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكِ قال: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ وعَلَيه عِمامَة قِطريَّةٌ (^١)، فأَدخَلَ يَدَيه مِن تَحتِ العِمامَةِ فمَسَحَ مُقَدَّم رأسِه، ولَم يَنقُضِ العِمامَةَ (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتاب \"السنن\" (^٣).\n\n٢٨٤ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ فحَسَرَ العِمامَةَ ومَسَحَ مُقَدَّم رأسِه -أو قال: ناصيَتَه- بالماءِ (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِّينا مَعناه مَوصولًا في حَديثِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ.\n\n٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا يَحيىَ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) قطرية: ضرب من البرود فيه حمرة، ولها أعلام فيها بعض الخشونة. ينظر معالم السنن ١/ ٥٧، والنهاية ٤/ ٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ١٦١ من طريق بحر بن نصر به، والبخارى في تاريخه ٦/ ٢٨، وابن ماجه (٥٦٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. قال ابن القطان في بيان الوهم والإيهام ٤/ ١١١: لا يصح.\n(^٣) أبو داود داود (١٤٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٦.","vol":"1","page":186},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، قال: وحدثنا بَحرٌ قال: قُرئَ على ابنِ وهب: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أُمِّ علقمة مَولاةِ عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها كانَت إذا تَوَضّأت تُدخِلُ [يدَيْها مِن تَحتِ الوِقايَةِ] (^١) تَمسَحُ برأسِها كُلِّهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَني محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَر القاضِى بالرَّيِّ (^٣)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ الحسنِ القَزّازُ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٤) بنُ إسماعيلَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبى مَذعورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: سأَلتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى، ذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ. وسأَلتُه عن المَسحِ على العِمامَةِ، فقال: لا، أمِسَّ الشَّعَرَ الماءَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يدها من تحت الوقاية\"، وفى م: \"يدها من تحت الرداء. والوقاية: الطرحة، وهى ما تطرحه المرأة على رأسها فوق القناع ليقيها البرد أو الحر. معجم لغة الفقهاء ص ٥٠٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٦ عن ابن وهب به، وفيه: \"يديها تحت الوقاية\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"ابن القاضى بالرى\". ولم نعثر له على ترجمة، وسيأتي في ١٠/ ١١٠ وفيه: ابن اللاسكى بالرى. دون ذكر القاضى أو ابن القاضى.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧١. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٠٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به. وصحح إسناده أحمد شاكر.","vol":"1","page":187},{"text":"٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِيُّ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان إذا مَسَحَ رأسَه رَفَعَ القَلَنْسُوَةَ (^١) ومَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رأسِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٨ - وأخبرنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنْجِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن نافِعٍ، أنه رأَى صَفيَّةَ بنتَ أبى عُبَيدٍ امرأَةَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ تَنزعُ خِمارَها ثم تَمسَحُ على رأسِها بالماءِ. ونافِعٌ يَومَئذٍ صَغيرٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أن أباه كان يَنزعُ العِمامَةَ ويَمسَحُ رأسَه بالماءِ (^٤).\nوَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ مَعَ ظاهِرِ الكِتابِ دِلالَةٌ ظاهِرَه على اختِصارٍ وقَعَ مِن جِهَةِ الرّاوِى في الحديثِ الذى:\n\n٢٩٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالا:\n_________\n(^١) القلنسوة: بفتح القاف واللام وسكون النون وضم السين، وفيها لغات أخرى منها قنسية: نوع من ملابس الرأس، تكون على هيئات متعددة. معجم لغة الفقهاء ص ٣٦٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٠٧.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٥، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٣).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٧).","vol":"1","page":188},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، عن بلالٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ والخِمارِ (^١).\nرواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\nوالذى يَدُلُّ عليه أيضًا ما:\n\n٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ عيسى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو هو ابنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ مَولَى أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى إدريسَ، عن بلالٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ وناصيَتِه والعِمامَةِ (^٣). حُمَيدٌ هذا هو الطَّويلُ، وخالِدٌ هذا هو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الواسِطِيُّ، وهذا إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ، وهو كَحَديثِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في المَسحِ على العِمامَةِ والنّاصيَةِ جَميعًا.\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى: يعنى بالخمار العمامة؛ لأنها تخمر الرأس، أى: تغطيه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ١٧٤.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٦٢) عن الحاكم وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٨٤)، والنسائى (١٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والترمذى (١٠١)، وابن ماجه (٥٦١) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (١٢٩٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٥/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٧)، والمعرفة (٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩) من طريق أبى قلابة به. وعند أحمد وابن خزيمة: الموقين والخمار. وينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم (٥٢)، وعلل الدارقطني ٧/ ١٨٢.","vol":"1","page":189},{"text":"ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ هذا الاختِصارُ وقَعَ أيضًا فيما:\n\n٢٩٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ثَورٍ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - سريَّةً فأَصابَهُمُ البَردُ، فلَمّا قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أمَرَهُم أن يَمسَحوا على العَصائبِ والتَّساخينِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-129>بابُ التَّكرارِ في مَسحِ الرأسِ</span>\n\n٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ في كِتابِ \"اختلاف الأحاديث\" لِلشّافِعِيِّ رحِمه الله تعالَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ - ﵁ -، عن عثمانَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا (^٢).\n\n٢٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عمرَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) العصائب: كل ما عصبت به رأسك من عمامة أو منديل أو خرقة، والتساخين: الخفاف، ولا واحد لها من لفظها. وقيل: واحدها تسخان وتسخين. وقيل: التسخان تعربب تَشْكَن، وهو اسم غطاء من أغطية الرأس. النهاية ١/ ١٨٩، ٢/ ٣٥٢، ٣/ ٢٤٤. ونقل الزبيدى عن حمزة الأصفهاني في كتاب الموازنة أن من فسره بالخفاف لم يعرف فارسيته. تاج العروس ٣٥/ ١٧٧ (س خ ن).\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (١٤٦)، وأحمد (٢٢٣٨٣). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ١٨٧، والرويانى (٦٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ٥٣، الشافعى ١/ ٣٢.","vol":"1","page":190},{"text":"هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن حُمرانَ قال: تَوَضّأَ عثمانُ على المَقاعِدِ (^١) ثَلاثًا وقالَ: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ. ثم قالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن رجلٍ يَتَوَضّأُ فيُحسِنُ الوُضوءَ ثم يُصَلِّى إلا غَفَرَ اللهُ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الصَّلاةِ الأُخرَى حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَها \" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٣).\nوعَلَى هذا اعتَمَدَ الشافعيُّ في تكرار المَسحِ، وهَذِه رِوايَةٌ مُطلَقَةٌ، والرِّواياتُ الثّابِتَةُ المُفَسَّرَةُ عن حُمرانَ تَدُلّ على أن التَّكرارَ وقَعَ فيما عَدا الرأسَ مِنَ الأعضاءِ، وأَنَّه مَسَحَ برأسه مَرَّةً واحِدَةً.\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قالَ: قالَ أبو داودَ السجِستانى: أحاديثُ عثمانَ الصِّحاحُ كُلُّها تَدُلُّ على مَسحِ الرأسِ أنَّه مَرَّةً، فإِنَّهُم ذَكَروا الوُضوءَ ثَلاثًا، وقالوا فيها: ومَسَحَ برأسِه، ولَم يَذكُروا عَدَدًا كما ذَكَروا في غَيرِه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى مِن أوجُهٍ غريبةٍ عن عثمانَ - ﵁ - ذِكرُ التَّكرارِ في مَسحِ الرأسِ، إلا أنَّها مَعَ خِلافِ الحُفّاظِ الثِّقاتِ لَيسَت بحُجَّةٍ عِندَ أهلِ\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن عبد البر: المقاعد قيل: هى الدكاكين -أى المصاطب- كانت عند باب دار عثمان، كانوا يجلسون عليها فسميت المقاعد. التمهيد ١٢/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ٥٤. وأخرجه الحميدى (٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢) من طريق سفيان به، وأحمد (٤٠٠)، ومسلم (٢٢٧/ ٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٧/ ...).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٠٨).","vol":"1","page":191},{"text":"المَعرِفَةِ، وإِن كان بَعضُ أصحابِنا يَحتَجُّ بها.\n\n٢٩٥ - مِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَد. وأخبرَنا أبو حازِم الحافظُ واللَّفظُ لَه، أخبرَنا (^١) أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ السجستانى ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ وردانَ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أخبرني حُمرانُ قال: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ تَوَضأَ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، و(^٢) ذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثا، ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأ ثم قال: \"مَن تَوَضأَ دونَ وُضوئى هذا كَفاه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٩٦ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفرايينيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَد، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى مَريَمَ قال: دَخَلتُ على ابنِ دارَةَ مَولَى عثمانَ مَنزِلَه فسَمِعَنِى أتَمَضمَضُ، فقالَ: يا محمدُ. قُلتُ: لبَّيكَ. قال: ألا أُخبرك عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قالَ: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ وهو\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"وأخبرنا\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، د: \"وغسل يعنى\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٩١ من طريق أبى عاصم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٩٨): حسن صحيح.","vol":"1","page":192},{"text":"بالمَقاعِدِ، فدَعا بإِناءٍ، فمَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا، واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ قَدَمَيه، ثم قال: مَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلى وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فليَنظُرْ إلى وُضوئى هذا (^١).\nوقَد ذكَر غَيرُه التَّثليثَ في القَدَمَينِ أيضًا.\n\n٢٩٧ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو غَسّانَ مالِكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن عامِرِ بنِ شَقيقٍ يَعنِي ابنَ جَمرَةَ (^٢)، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ قال: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ يَتَوَضّأ فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا، ومَضمَضَ واستنشق ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وأُذُنَيه ظاهِرَهُما وباطِنَهُما، وخلَّلَ لِحيَتَه، وغَسَلَ قَدَمَيه ثَلاثًا، وخَلَّلَ أصابعَ قَدَمَيه، وقالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ عن فعَلَ كما رأَيتمونِى فعَلتُ (^٣).\n\n٢٩٨ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ (^٤)، حدثثا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٣٦) عن صفوان به.\n(^٢) في س: \"حمزة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤١.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٩)، والصغرى (٩٥)، والخلافيات (١١٨). وأخرجه الدارمى (٧٣١) عن مالك بن إسماعيل به. وتقدم في (٢٤٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"حبيب\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ٢٦٨، ٣/ ٥٤٢.","vol":"1","page":193},{"text":"التِّرمِذِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدَّثني أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حدَّثني سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللَّه بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ، أنَّه تَوَضَّأَ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا ثلاثًا كُلَّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما، واستَنثَرَ ثَلاثا، ومَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ يَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا كُلَّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما، ثم قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ هَكَذا (^١). وروِى في ذَلِكَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ عن عثمانَ، وهو مُرسَلٌ (^٢).\nوقَد روِى مِن أوجُهٍ غَريبَةٍ عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، والرِّوايَةُ المَحفوظَةُ عنه غَيرُها.\n\n٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ على الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ أبو يَحيَى الحِمَّانيُّ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ الهَمدانى، أن عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضأَ، فغَسَلَ كَفيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، وتَمَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا، واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ قَدَمَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثا، ثم قال: هَكَذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١١٩). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٩١ من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل به. والبزار (٣٤٩) من طريق إسحاق بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٣٥).","vol":"1","page":194},{"text":"رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فعَلَ (^١). وهَكَذا رواه الحسنُ بنُ زيادٍ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ وأبو مُطيعٍ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ في مَسحِ الرأسِ ثَلاثًا (^٢)، ورواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ وأبو عَوانَةَ وغَيرُهُما، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ التَّكرارِ في مَسحِ الرأسِ (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه الجَماعَةُ عن عليٍّ إلا ما شَذَّ مِنها.\nوأَحسَنُ ما روِى عن عليٍّ فيه ما:\n\n٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عبَّاس بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه تَوَضّأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا، وقالَ: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ (^٤). هَكَذا قال ابنُ وهبِ: ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثَلاثًا. وقالَ فيه حَجّاج عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: ومَسَحَ برأسِه مَرَّةً (^٥).\n\n٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٢٠)، ومسند أبى حنيفة لأبى نعيم ص ٩٨، وجامع المسانيد للخوارزمى ١/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخوارزمى في جامع المسانيد ١/ ٢٣٦ من طريق الحسن بن زياد به. وأبو نعيم في مسند أبى حنيفة ص ٩٨، والخوارزمى في جامع المسانيد ١/ ٢٣٥ من طريق أبى مطيع به. وينظر تعليق الدارقطني على رواية أبى حنيفة في العلل ٤/ ٥١.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه من طريق زائدة في (٢١٥)، ومن طريق أبى عوانة في (٢٣٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٢١).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٩٥) من طريق حجاج عن شيبة عن محمد بن علي به.","vol":"1","page":195},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ويَدَيه مَرَّتَينِ، ومَسَحَ برأسِه مَرَّتَينِ، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه مَرَّتَينِ (^١).\nوأَخرَجَه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النسائيُّ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ هَكَذا في مَسحِ الرّأسِ مَرَّتَينِ (^٢). وقَد خالَفَه مالكٌ ووُهَيبٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ وخالِدٌ الواسِطِيُّ وغَيرُهُم، فرَوَوه عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى في مَسحِ الرّأسِ مَرَّةً، إلا أنَّه قال: أقبَلَ وأَدبَرَ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ اْحمدَ العَبدويُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يوسُفَ محمدُ بنُ سُفيانَ الصَّفّار بالمصِّيصةِ (^٤)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الزِّمَّانِيُّ (^٥)، حدثنا بشرٌ يَعنِي ابنَ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذِ ابنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يأتينا. قال: حدَّثتنا قال: \"اسكُبِي لِي وَضوءًا\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٥٢)، والترمذى (٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٦، ١٧٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) النسائى (٩٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه من طريق مالك برقم (٢٧٢)، ومن طريق وهيب برقم (٢٣٢)، ومن طريق سليمان بن بلال عقب (٢٣١)، ومن طريق خالد الواسطى برقم (٢٣١).\n(^٤) المصيصة: مدينة على شاطئ جيحان من ثغور بين أنطاكية وبلاد الروم تقارب طرسوس. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٥٥٧، ٥٥٨. وضبطها السمعانى في الأنساب ٥/ ٣١٥ بكسر الميم.\n(^٥) في س، أ، د، م: \"الرمانى\". بالراء المهملة. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٦٤٢، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ٦٣٢.","vol":"1","page":196},{"text":"فسَكَبتُ له في مِيضأَةٍ، وهِىَ الرِّكوَة، فأَخَذَ مُدًّا وثُلُثًا أو مدًّا ورُبُعًا فقالَ: \"اسكُبِى على يَدَىَّ\". فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: \"ضَعِى (^١) \". قالَت: فتَوَضّأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أنظُرُ، فوَضّأَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ومَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ مَرَّةً، ووَضّأَ يَدَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، ووَضّأَ يَدَه اليُسرَى ثَلاثًا، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه مَرَّتَينِ، يَبدأُ بمُؤَخَّرِ رأسِه ثم بمُقَدَّمِه، ثم مُؤَخَّرِ رأسِه ثم مُقَدَّمِه، ثم مَسَحَ بأُذُنَيه كِلتَيهِما ظاهِرِهِما وباطِنِهِما، ووَضّأَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، ووَضّا رِجلَه اليُسرَى ثَلاثًا. ورواه غَيرُه عن بشرٍ لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: ثم مُؤَخَّرِ رأسِه ثم مُقَدَّمِهِ (^٢).\nورَوَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأزرَقِ، عن أبى العَلاءِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان يَمسَحُ على رأسِه ثَلاثًا، يأخُذُ لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ ماءً جَديدًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-130>بابُ مَسحِ الأُذُنَينِ</span>\nقَد مَضى فيه حَديثُ شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن عثمانَ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n\n٣٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ الِإسكَندَرايُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ يونُسَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س، أ: \"أصغى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٦) عن مسدد. والترمذى (٣٣)، عن قتيبة، كلاهما عن بشر به، وقال الترمذى: حسن. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١١٧)، وسيأتي في (١١٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٣) من طريق إسحاق بن يوسف به.\n(^٤) تقدم برقم (٢٤٨، ٢٩٧).","vol":"1","page":197},{"text":"حدَّثَني سَعيدُ بنُ زيادٍ المُؤَذِّنُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ التَّيمِيِّ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن الوُضوءِ، فقالَ: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ سُئلَ عن الوُضوءِ، فدَعا بماءٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: فأَخَذَ ماء فمَسَحَ برأسِه وأُذُنَيه فغَسَلَ بُطونَهُما وظُهورَهُما مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيه، ثم قال: أينَ السّائلونَ عن الوُضوءِ؟ هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ (^١).\n\n٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ أُذُنَيه ظاهِرَهُما وباطِنَهُما (^٢).\n\n٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشام، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ قال: تَوَضّأَ أنَسٌ ونَحنُ عندَه، فجَعَلَ يَمسَحُ باطِنَ أُذُنَيه وظاهِرَهُما، فرأَى شِدَّةَ نَظَرِنا إلَيه، فقالَ: إنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يأمُرُنا بهَذا (^٣).\n\n٣٠٦ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ أُذُنَيه ظاهِرَهُما\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٢٧).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٢، وقال: ولم يحتجا بابن عقيل وهو مستقيم الحديث ومقدم في الشرف. ووافقه الذهبى. وتقدم في (٢٧٦، ٣٠٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (٣٥٧) من طريق مروان وهشيم عن حميد به.","vol":"1","page":198},{"text":"وباطِنَهُما، فنَظَرنا إلَيه فقالَ: كان ابنُ أُمِّ عَبدٍ يأمُرُنا بذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-131> بابُ إدخالِ الإِصبَعَيِن في صِماخَي (^٢) الأُذُنَينِ</span>\n\n٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ وهِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ المَعنَى (^٣) قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن حَريزِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ. قال: ومَسَحَ بأُذنَيه ظاهِرِهِما وباطِنِهِما. زادَ هِشامٌ: وأَدخَلَ أصابِعَه في صِماخَى أُذُنَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُهلِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّع بنتِ مُعَوِّذ ابنِ عَفراءَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ فأَدخَلَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيهِ (^٥).\n\n٣٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا وكيع،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٥٠ من طريق زائدة عن الثورى به مرفوعا، وقال: زائدة ثقة مأمون قد أسنده وأوقفه غيره.\n(^٢) الصماخ: الخرق الذى في الأذن المفضى إلى الدماغ، ويقال بالسين أيضا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٦.\n(^٣) في أ، م: \"الدمشقى\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٢٣)، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١١٤). وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٧٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١٨) عن وكيع به.","vol":"1","page":199},{"text":"حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، وقالَ: إصبَعَيه في جُحرَى أُذُنَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-132>بابُ مَسحِ الأُذُنَينِ بماءٍ جَديدٍ</span>\n\n٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن حَبّان بنِ واسِعٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أن أباه حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ اللَّه بنَ زَيدٍ يَذكُرُ أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ فأَخَذَ لأُذُنَيه ماءً خِلافَ الماءِ الذى أخَذَ لرأسه (^٢). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nوكَذَلِك روِى عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عِمرانَ بنِ مِقلاصٍ وحَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣)، ورواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\"، عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وهارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِيِّ وأَبِي الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ بإِسنادِه (^٤)، أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضأُ. فذكَر وُضوءَه قال: ومَسَحَ رأسَه بماءٍ غَيرِ فضلِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٤١) من طريق وكيع به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٢١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٣٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٣٢). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٥١ من طريق عبد العزيز وحرملة به، وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين إذا سلم من ابن أبي عبيد الله. ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بإسناد صحيح\".","vol":"1","page":200},{"text":"يَدِه (^١). ولَم يَذكُرِ الأُذُنَينِ (^٢):\n\n٣١١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ يَعنِي أبا الطاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ (^٣). فذكَره، وهَذا أصَحُّ مِنَ الذى قَبلَه.\n\n٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يُعيدُ إصبَعَيه في الماءِ فيَمسَحُ بهِما أُذُنَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٣١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِي، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجَيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا تَوَضّأَ يأخُذُ الماءَ بإِصبَعَيه لأُذُنَيهِ (^٥).\nوأَمّا ما روِى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الأُذُنانِ مِنَ الرأسِ\". فروِى ذلكَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يديه\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧)، وأبو داود (١٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٦٧)، والترمذى (٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٤)، وابن حبان (١٠٨٥) من طريق ابن وهب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٣٦) من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٣٥) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به، ومالك ١/ ٣٤.","vol":"1","page":201},{"text":"بأَسانيدَ ضِعافٍ ذَكَرَناها في \"الخِلافِ\" (^١). وأَشهَرُ الأسانيدِ (^٢) فيه ما:\n\n٣١٤ - أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ وأبو الرَّبيع قالا: حدثنا حَمّاد، حدثنا سِنانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ويَدَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه، وقالَ: \"الأُذُنانِ مِنَ الرّأسِ\". وَكانَ يَمسَحُ المأقَينِ (^٣).\nوهَذا الحديث يقال فيه مِن وجهَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما ضَعفُ بَعضِ رواتِه (^٤)، والآخَرُ دُخولُ الشك في رَفعِهِ. وبِصِحَّةِ ذلكَ أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عَبَّاس الدُّورِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: سِنانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ (^٥) يُحَدِّثُ عنه حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، لَيسَ هو بالقَوِيِّ (^٦). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَلَّالُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الخلافيات ١/ ٣٤٧، ٣٤٨.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"إسناد\". قال النووى في المجموع ١/ ٤٤٥: الأحاديث كلها ضعيفة -يعنى \"الأذنان من الرأس\"- متفق على ضعفها مشهور في كتب الحديث تضعيفها إلا حديث ابن عباس فإسناده جيد. والحديث أخرجه أبوداود (١٣٤) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٢٣)، والترمذى (٣٧)، دون قوله: \"وكان يمسح المأقين\"، وابن ماجه (٤٤٤) من طريق حماد بن زيد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٣) المأقان تثنية المأق. وسيأتي معناه في الحديث (٣١٦).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الرواة\".\n(^٥) هو سنان بن ربيعة الباهلى، أبو داود ربيعة البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٥١، والكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٢٧٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ١٤٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٤/ ٢٤٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٣٤: صدوق، فيه لين.\n(^٦) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى (٣٧٣٦)، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢٠).","vol":"1","page":202},{"text":"أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ وذُكِرَ عندَه شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ (^١) فقالَ: [إنَّ شَهرًا نَزَكُوه، إنَّ شَهرًا نَزَكوه. قَولُه: نَزَكوه] (^٢). أى: طَعَنوا فيه وأَخَذَته ألسِنَةُ النّاسِ. وبِإِسنادِه حدَّثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ شُعبَةَ يقولُ: كان شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ رافَقَ رجلًا مِن أهلِ الشّامِ فسَرَقَ عَيبَتَه (^٣). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى قالَ: كان شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ على بَيتِ المالِ، فأَخَذَ خَريطَةً (^٤) فيها دَراهِمُ فقالَ القائلُ:\nلَقَد باعَ شَهرٌ دينَهُ بخَريطَةٍ ... فمَن يأمَنُ القُرّاءَ بَعدَكَ يا شَهرُ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) هو شهر بن حوشب الشامي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٣٦١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٥٧٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٣٧٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٤/ ٣٦٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٥٥: صدوق كثير الإرسال والأوهام.\n(^٢) في ر، س، م: \"إن شهرا تركوه قوله تركوه\".\nوالأثر عند المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٣٣.\nوأخرجه السلفى في الطيوريات (٥٣) من طريق البغوى به. والفسوى في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٩٧، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٩١، وابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٣٦١ من طريق النضر به.\n(^٣) العيبة: وعاء من أدم يكون فيه المتاع. ينظر المحكم ٢/ ٢٦١.\nوالأثر أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢٣)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) الخريطة: وعاء من جلد أو نحوه يشد على ما فيه. ينظر التاج ١٩/ ٢٤٣ (خ ر ط).\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢٥)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٣١. وأخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٩٨ عن العباس بن محمد به.\nوقائل هذا الشعر القطامى الكلبى. ويقال: سنان بن مكمل النميرى- كما في تاريخ ابن جرير ٦/ ٥٣٨، ٥٣٩.","vol":"1","page":203},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ قال: سأَلتُ موسَى بنَ هارونَ عن هذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: لَيسَ بشَئٍ، فيه شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، وشَهرٌ ضَعيف (^١)، والحَديثُ في رَفعِه شَكٌّ (^٢).\n\n٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ خُشَيشٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى القَطَّانُ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، أخبرَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سِنانِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ أنَّه وصَفَ وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: كان إذا تَوَضأَ مَسَحَ مأقَيه بالماءِ. وقالَ أبو أُمامَةَ: الأُذُنانِ مِنَ الرأسِ. قال سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ: الأُذُنانِ مِنَ الرّأسِ. إنَّما هو مِن قَولِ أبي أُمامَةَ، فمَن قال غَيرَ هذا فقَد بَدَّلَ -أو كَلِمَةً قالَها سليمانُ- أى أخطأَ (^٣).\n\n٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ وقُتَيبَةُ، عن حمَّادِ بنِ زَيد، عن سِنانِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَب، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ذكَر وُضوءَ النبي - ﷺ - قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ المأقَينِ. قال: وقالَ: الأُذُنانِ مِنَ الرّأسِ. قال سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ: يَقولُها أبو أُمامَةَ. قال قتيبَةُ: قال حَمَّادٌ: لا أدرِى هو مِن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قال البيهقى\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٤، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢٧).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٤.","vol":"1","page":204},{"text":"قَولِ النبي - ﷺ - أو أبي أُمامَةَ؟ يَعنِي قِصَّةَ الأُذُنَينِ. قالَ قُتَيبَةُ: عن سِنانٍ أبي (^١) رَبيعَةَ (^٢). كَذا في كِتابِى: المأقَينِ. وهو في رِوايَةِ أبي سليمانَ الخَطّابِي عن ابنِ داسَةَ: المأقَينِ (^٣). فسَّرَه أبو سليمانَ بطَرَفِ العَينِ الذى يَلِى الأنفَ، وهو مخرج الدَّمعِ.\nوالَّذِى روِى مِن مَسحِه رأسه وأُذُنَيه في بَعضِ ما مَضَى مُجمَلٌ، وكَيفيَّتُه مَوجودَةٌ فيما:\n\n٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عليّ بنُ المَدينِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ. فذكَر الحديثَ. قالَ: ثم أخَذَ شَيئًا مِن ماءٍ فمَسَحَ به رأسَه، وقالَ بالوُسطَيَينِ (^٤) مِن أصابِعِه في باطِنِ أُذُنَيه والِإبهامَينِ مِن وراءِ أُذُنَيهِ.\nوقالَ أصحابُنا: فكأنه كان يَعزِلُ مِن كُلِّ يَدٍ إصبَعَينِ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِن مَسحِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بن\". وهو سنان بن ربيعة، أبو ربيعة البصرى. قال في عون المعبود ١/ ٥٠: فلا يتوهم متوهم أن قتيبة أخطأ فيه؛ لأن كنية سنان أبو ربيعة، واسم والده ربيعة، فاتفق القولان. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ١٤٧. وكذا قال أبو داود في السنن عقب الحديث.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٤). وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٢٨) من طريق ابن داسة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٢).\n(^٣) في د: \"المأقيين\". والمأق طرف العين الذى يلى الأنف. وفيه أقوال أخرى. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩١.\n(^٤) في د: \"بالوسطى\". والقول هنا بمعنى الفعل، فالعرب تجعل القول عبارة عن جميع الأفعال، وتطلقه على غير الكلام واللسان، فتقول: قال بيده أى: أخذ. وقال برجله. أى: مشى. النهاية ٤/ ١٢٤.","vol":"1","page":205},{"text":"الرأسِ مَسَحَ بهِما أُذُنَيهِ.\n\n٣١٨ - وقَد روِى في هذا الحديثِ: مَسَحَ أُذُنَيه داخِلَهُما بالسَّبّابَتَينِ، وخالَفَ بإِبهامَيه فمَسَحَ باطِنَهُما وظاهِرَهُما. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-133>بابُ غَسلِ الرِّجلَيِن</span>\n\n٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ورقاءُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباس: ألا أُريكُم وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ قال: فغَسَلَ يَدَيه مَرَة مَرَة، ومَضمَضَ مَرَّةً، واستَنشَقَ مَرَة، وغَسَلَ وجهَه مَرةً، وذِراعَيه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، ومَسَحَ برأسِهِ (^٢) مَرَّةً، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، ثم قال: هذا وُضوءُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^٣). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-134> بابُ التَّكرارِ في غَسلِ الرِّجلَيِن</span>\n\n٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \" رأسه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٣٧٨) من طريق ورقاء به. وليس فيه ذكر غسل الذراعين. وسيأتي في (٣٤٨).","vol":"1","page":206},{"text":"عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ يَزيدَ الليثيُّ أخبرَه، أن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ أخبرَه، أن عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ دَعا يَومًا بوَضوءٍ، فتَوَضّأَ فغَسَلَ كَفَيْه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم مَضمَضَ واستَنثَرَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلى المِرفَقِ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ (^١) اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى إلى الكَعبَينِ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَومًا تَوَضّأَ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قامَ يركعُ (^٢) رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ فيهِما نَفسَه غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذنبه\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ وأَبِي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ قالَ: أتانا عَلِيٌّ وقَد صَلَّى فدَعا بطَهورٍ، فقُلنا: ما يَصنَعُ بالطَّهورِ وقَد صَلَّى؟ ما يُريدُ إلا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل، د: \"يده\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فرفع\".\n(^٣) المصنف في السنن الصغرى (٩٤)، وفى المعرفة (٨٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن الحكم به. وأخرجه النسائى (١١٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٥٨) من طريق ابن وهب به، وتقدم في (٢٢٢، ٢٤٦، ٢٦٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٢٦/ ٣)، والبخارى (١٥٩، ١٦٤، ١٩٣٤).","vol":"1","page":207},{"text":"ليُعَلِّمَنا. فأُتى بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ وطَستٍ، فَأفرَغَ مِنَ الإناءِ على يَمينِه، فغَسَلَ يَدَه ثَلاثًا، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، مَضمَضَ ونَثَرَ مِنَ الكَفِّ الذى يأخُذُ مِنه الماءَ، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا وغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثا، وغَسَلَ [يَدَه الشمال] (^١) ثَلاثًا، ثم جَعَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ فمَسَحَ برأسِه مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، ورِجلَه الشمال ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: مَن سَرَّه أن يَعلَمَ وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فهو هَذا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-135>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن فرضَ الرِّجلَيِن الغَسلُ، وأَنَّ مَسحَهُما لا يُجزئُ</span>\n\n٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ والحَجَبِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، قال: تَخَلَّفَ عَنّا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفرَةٍ سافَرْناها فأدرَكَنا وقَد أرهَقَتنا (^٣) الصلاةُ (^٤)؛ صَلاةُ العَصرِ ونَحنُ نَتَوَضّأُ، فجَعَلنا نَمسَحُ على أرجُلِنا، فنادَى بأَعلَى صَوتِه: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"اليسرى\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٣٤).\n(^٣) أرهقنا؛ بفتح القاف وبعدها مثناة ساكنة، ومعنى الإرهاق الإدراك والغشيان. فتح البارى ١/ ٢٦٥، وينظر تاج العروس ٢٥/ ٣٨٢ (ر هـ ق).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٥) أخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢٢٠) من طريق الحاكم به. وأحمد (٦٩٧٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٨٥، ٥٨٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به.","vol":"1","page":208},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وموسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وأَبِي النُّعمانِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن شيبان وأَبِي كامِلٍ، كُلُّهُم عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^١).\n\n٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ وأبو سعيدٍ مَسعودُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانيُّ (^٢)، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا (^٣) إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ، عن أبي يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو، قال: رَجَعنا مَعَ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن مَكَّةَ إلى المَدينَةِ فانتَهَينا إلى ماءٍ بالطَّريقِ، فتَعَجلَ قَومٌ فتَوضَّئوا (^٤) وهُم عِجالٌ عِندَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ، فانتَهَينا إلَيهِم وأَعقابُهُم بيضٌ تَلوحُ، لم يَمَسَّها الماءُ، فقالَ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أسبِغوا الوُضوءَ، ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ، أسبِغوا الوضوء\" (^٥). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٠، ٩٦، ١٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٤١/ ٢٧).\n(^٢) مسعود بن محمد بن علي بن الحسن، أبو سعيد الجرجانى الأديب الحنفى، قال عبد الغافر: فاضل كبير، أديب فقيه مناظر ... كان قليل الحديث. وقال الذهبى: متكلَّم فيه ... وكان معتزليًّا. توفى سنة (٤١٦ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٤٦٢)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤١١.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بن \".\n(^٤) في ش، م: \"يتوضئون\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٦)، والشعب (٢٧١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨٠٩)، والنسائى (١١١) من=","vol":"1","page":209},{"text":"\"الصحيح\"، عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن وكيعٍ عن الثورِيِّ (^١).\n\n٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرنى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِيُّ بهَمَذانَ (^٢)، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ وكانَ يَمُرُّ بنا والنّاسُ يَتَوَضَّئونَ مِنَ المِطهَرَةِ فيَقولُ: أسبِغوا الوُضوءَ؛ فإِنَّ أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ويل لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجْهٍ (^٤) آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سلَّامٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن\n_________\n= طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأبو داود (٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٥٠) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائى (١٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١) من طريق جرير به.\n(^١) مسلم (٢٤١).\n(^٢) في م: \"بهمذان\".\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٦٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٠٤)، والدارمى (٧٣٤)، والنسائى (١١٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) في س، د: \"أوجه\".\n(^٥) البخاري (١٦٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٢/ ٢٩).","vol":"1","page":210},{"text":"النبيَّ - ﷺ - رأَى رجلًا لم يَغسِلْ عَقِبَه (^١)، فقالَ: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ (^٣)، وبِمَعناه رواه أبو صالِحٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن سالِمٍ سَبَلانَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵁ - تَقولُ لأخيها: يا عبدَ الرحمنِ، أسبغِ الوضوءَ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٥).\n\n٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سليمانَ وعليُّ بنُ الحسنِ (^٦) بنِ قُدَيدٍ وعاصِمُ بنُ رازحٍ المِصريونَ بمِصرَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو الطاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن سالِمٍ مَولَى شَدّادٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، ب، د: \"عقيبه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٥٦٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن سلام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٢/ ٢٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٤٢/ ٣٠).\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١٦٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨١٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. ومسلم (٢٤٠) من طريق سالم به.\n(^٦) في س، د، م: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٣٥.","vol":"1","page":211},{"text":"عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبي بكرٍ دَخَلَ على عائشةَ فتَوَضأ عندَها، فقالَت: يا عبدَ الرحمنِ أسبغِ الوُضوءَ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ويلٌ لِلعَراقيبِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطاهِرِ، إلا أنَّه قال: \"لِلأعقابِ\" (^٢). وقَد رواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ (^٣) ونُعَيمُ بنُ (^٤) عبدِ اللَّه عن سالِمٍ بمَعناه (^٥).\n\n٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: حدَّثني الليث، عن حَيوَةَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ جَزءٍ الزُّبَيدِيِّ، أنه سمِع النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ وبُطونِ الأقدامِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٦).\n\n٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: حدَّثَني محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الغنى بن سعيد الأزدى في الأوهام التى في المدخل ص ٩٢، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٥٧٢)، والخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٢٨٣ من طريق أبي الطاهر به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١١٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٠/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم ١/ ٢١٤ (٢٤٠/ ...) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٢٤٠/ ...) من طريق نعيم بن عبد الله.\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٨)، والحاكم ١/ ١٦٢، وقال: حديث صحيح، ولم يخرجا ذكر بطون الأقدام، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٣) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وأحمد (١٧٧١٠) من طريق حيوة به.","vol":"1","page":212},{"text":"هانئ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصيدلانيُّ، حدثنا سلمةُ (^١) بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، أن رجلًا تَوَضّأَ فتَرَكَ مَوضِعَ ظُفُرٍ على قَدَمِه، فأَبصَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ارجِعْ فأَحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ\" (^٢). فرَجَعَ ثم صلى. أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلَمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغاني، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أنَّه سمِع قَتادَةَ بنَ دِعامَةَ قال: حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رجلًا جاءَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - قَد تَوَضَّأَ وتَرَكَ على قَدَمِه مِثلَ مَوضِعِ الظُّفُرِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ فأَحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-136>بابُ قراءةِ مَن قرأ ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٦] نَصْبًا، وأَنَّ الأمرَ رَجَعَ إلى الغَسلِ، وأَنَّ مَن قرأها خَفضًا فإنما هو لِلمُجاوَرَةِ</span>\n\n٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ زكريا الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"سلم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٦٦٦) من طريق أبي الزبير به. وسيأتي في (٣٩٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٣/ ٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٨٧) عن هارون بن معروف به. وابن ماجه (٦٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. قال الذهبى ١/ ٧٤: تفرد به جرير. وينظر ما سيأتى في (٣٩٤).","vol":"1","page":213},{"text":"سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيم، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنه كان يَقرأُ: ﴿وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾. قال: عادَ الأمرُ (^١) إلى الغَسلِ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٢ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ قال: أخبرني أبو محمدٍ مَولَى قُرَيشٍ، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ الرَّبيع، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان يَقرَؤُها كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا بُندار، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيع، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه يَعنِي ابنَ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه كان يَقرأُ: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ﴾. قال: رَجَعَ الأمرُ إلى الغَسلِ (^٤).\n\n٣٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: رَجَعَ القُرآنُ إلى الغَسلِ. وقَرأ:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، د.\n(^٢) سنن سعيد بن منصور (٧١٥ - تفسير)، وعنه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤١٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٠. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (٣٩٦) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) سنن سعيد بن منصور (٧١٦ - تفسير)، وعنه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٩ من طريق أبي داود به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٩٢ من طريق قيس به.","vol":"1","page":214},{"text":"﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ﴾ بنصبها (^١).\n\n٣٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن قَيسٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: رَجَعَ القُرآنُ إلى الغَسلِ. وقَرأَ: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾. بنَصبِها (^٢).\n\n٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه كان يَقرَؤُها: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾. نَصْبًا (^٣).\n\n٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، عن أُسَيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عبدَ الرحمنِ الأعرَجَ كان يَنصِبُها: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾.\n\n٣٣٨ - قال: وأَخبرَنا هارونُ بنُ موسَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ غَيلانَ: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾. نَصْبًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٠ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٩٣ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٠ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٩٤ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) لم نجده. وأخرج عبد الرزاق (٧٨) عن ابن جريج قال: قلت لعطاء: قوله: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ﴾ ترى الكعبين فيما يغسل من القدمين؟ قال: نعم، لا شك فيه.","vol":"1","page":215},{"text":"٣٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالونُ قال: قَرأتُ على نافِعِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي نُعَيمٍ القارِئَ هَذِه القراءةَ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ، فذكَر فيها: ﴿بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾. مَفتوحَةً.\n\n٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، أخبرن الوَليدُ بنُ حَسَّانَ الثورِيُّ، أنَّه قرأَ القُرآنَ على أبي محمدٍ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ الحَضرَمِى وكانَ عالِمًا بوُجوهِ القراءاتِ، وذكَر فيها: ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾ مُنتَصِبَ اللَّام. وبَلَغَنِى عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ التَّيمِي أنَّه كان يَقرَؤُها نَصبًا (^١). وعَن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عامِرٍ اليَحصبِيِّ، وعَن عاصِمٍ برِوايَةِ حَفصٍ، وعَن أبي بكرِ بنِ عيَّاشٍ برِوايَةِ الأعشَى، وعَنِ الكِسائى، كل هَؤُلاءِ نَصَبوها، ومَن خَفَضَها فإِنَّما هو لِلمُجاوَرَةِ. قال الأعمَشُ: كانوا يَقرَءونَها بالخَفضِ وكانوا يَغسِلونَ (^١).\n\n٣٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطانُ وأبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ (^٣) ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أحمد بنُ عثمانَ الأَدَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبَّاس بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمَّارُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) والقراءة بالخفض متواترة، قرأ بها ابن كثير وأبو عمرو وحمزة وأبو جعفر وخلف، وروى أبو بكر عن عاصم بالخفض. ينظر السبعة لابن مجاهد ص ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣، والنشر ٢/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسنا\".\n(^٣) طلحة بن علي بن الصقر، أبو القاسم البغدادى الكتانى، الشيخ الثقة، الخير الصالح، بقية السلف، قال الخطيب: كان ثقة صالحًا ستيرًا دينًا. توفى سنة (٤٢٢ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ٣٥٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٧٩.","vol":"1","page":216},{"text":"رُزَيقٍ (^١)، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ أنه قال: اغسِلوا القَدَمَين إلى الكَعبَينِ كما أُمِرتُم (^٢).\nوروِّينا في الحديثِ الصحيحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ عَبَسَةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - في الوُضوءِ: \"ثم يَغسِلُ قَدَمَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ كما أمَرَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى\" (^٣). وفى ذلك دِلالَةٌ على أن اللَّهَ تعالَى أمَرَ بَغَسلِهِما.\n\n٣٤٢ - وأَمّا الأثَرُ الذى أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ قالَ: خَطَبَ الحَجّاجُ بنُ يوسُفَ النّاسَ فقالَ: اغسِلوا وُجوهَكُم وأَيديَكُم وأَرجُلَكُم، فاغسِلوا ظاهِرَهُما وباطِنَهُما وعَراقيبَهُما؛ فإِنَّ ذلكَ أقرَبُ إلى جَنَّتِكُم. فقالَ أنَسٌ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وكَذَبَ الحَجّاجُ: (فامسَحوا برُءوسِكُم وأَرجُلِكُم إلى الكَعبَينِ). قالَ: قَرأَها جَرًّا (^٤). فإِنَّما أنكَرَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ القراءةَ دونَ الغَسلِ؛ فقَد رُوِّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على وُجوبِ الغسلِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"زريق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٩٠، ١٩١، ١٩٣ من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وليس عندهما: \"كما أمرتم\".\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (٣٨٣، ٤٤٤٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٩٥ من طريق حميد به.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٣٠).","vol":"1","page":217},{"text":"٣٤٣ - وأمَّا الذى أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: حدَّثني عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أن عليَّ بنَ الحسينِ أرسَلَه إلى الرُّبيِّعِ بنتِ معوِّذٍ يَسأَلُها عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ في صِفَةِ وُضوءِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وفيه قالَت: ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ. قالَمت: وقَد أتانى ابنُ عَبّاس لَكَ -تَعنِى ابنَ عباسٍ- فأَخبَرتُه، فقالَ: ما أجِدُ في الكِتابِ إلا (^١) غَسلَتَينِ ومَسحَتَينِ (^٢).\nفهذا إن صَحَّ فيَحتَمِلُ أن ابنَ عباسٍ كان يَرَى القراءةَ بالخَفضِ، وأَنَّها تَقتَضِى المَسحَ، ثم لمَّا بَلَغَه أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَعَّدَ على تَركِ غَسلِهِما أو تَركِ شَئٍ مِنهُما، ذَهَبَ إلى وُجوبِ غَسلِهِما وقَرأها نَصْبًا؛ فقَد رُوِّينا (^٣) عنه أنَّه قَرأها نَصْبًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"على\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٩٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١٥) وأبو داود (١٢٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم في (٣٠٢).\n(^٣) بعده في أ: \"حدَّثَنا جعفر بن عون حدثنا هشام بن سعد حدثنا زيد بن أسلم عن عطاء بن يسار قال: قال ابن عباس: أتحبون أن أحدثكم كما كان رسول الله - ﷺ - توضأ قال فدعا بإناء فيه ماء ثم ذكر وضوءه، وقال فيه: ثم قبض قبضة من الماء فرض على رجله اليمنى ثم مسح بيديه من فوق القدم ثم فعل باليسرى مثل ذلك. هذا أصح خبر روى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في هذا\".\nوقد كتبت هذه الرواية على حاشية \"د\" وفى أولها: حدثنى المسروقى ... ولم يبين موضعها من المتن.\nوكتب الناسخ في آخرها: ليس من الأصل. وقد أضيف هذا السياق في \"م\" عقب حديث (٣٤٩) كرواية مستقلة أولها: حدثنى البيروتى حدثنى جعفر بن عون حدثنا هشام .... والذي يظهر أنها مقحمة في هذا الموضع خطأ. والله أعلم.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٣١).","vol":"1","page":218},{"text":"٣٤٤ - وأمَّا الحديث الذى أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالَ: حدَّثني أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بَالُويَهْ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا خلّاد بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قالَ: قالَ لَنا ابنُ عباسٍ: أتُحِبّونَ أن أُحَدِّثكُم كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضَّأُ؟ فذكَر الحديثَ قالَ: ثم اغتَرَفَ غَرفَةً أُخرَى فرَشَّ على رِجلِه (^١) وفيها النَّعلُ، واليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ومَسحَ بأَسفَلِ النَعلَينِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٥ - والذى أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قالَ: تَوَضّأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَدخَلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ، فاستَنشَقَ ومَضمَضَ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه فصَبَّ على وجهِه مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، وصَبَّ على يَدَيه مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ومَسَحَ رأسَه مَرَّةً، ثم أخَذَ حَفنَةً مِن ماءٍ فرَشَّ على قَدَمَيه وهو مُتنَعلٌ (^٣).\nفهكَذا رواه هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمد الدَّراوردِيُّ، وقَد خالَفهما سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَجلانَ ووَرقاءُ بنُ عمرَ ومحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وبعده في مصدر الخريج: \"اليمنى\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وتقدم في (٢٦٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٣).","vol":"1","page":219},{"text":"٣٤٦ - أمّا حَديثُ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ فأخبَرَناه [أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا] (^١) أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا، أخبرَنا الرَّمادِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه تَوَضّأَ. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: ثم اْخَذَ غَرْفَةً مِن ماءٍ ثم رَشَّ على [رجلِه اليمنى حتى غسَلها، ثم أخَذ غَرْفةً مِن ماءٍ فرَشّ على] (^٢) رِجلِه اليُسرَى، ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. يَعنِي يَتَوَضأُ (^٣). ورواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحيمِ عن أبي سلَمةَ الخُزاعِي، وقال في الحديث: ثم أخَذَ غَرْفَةً مِن ماءٍ فرَشَّ على رِجلِه -يَعنِي اليُمنَى- حَتَى غَسَلَها، ثم أخَذَ غَرفَةً أُخرَى فغَسَلَ بها رِجلَه -يعنى اليُسرَى- ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ (^٤).\n\n٣٤٧ - وأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ عَجلانَ، فأَخبَرناه أبو حازِمٍ العَبْدُوِيُّ (^٥) الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الليثِ نَصرُ بنُ القاسِمِ الفَرائضيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، فذكَره بإِسنادِه، قال: ثم غَرَفَ غَرْفَةً ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ب، م.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٤٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٠).\n(^٥) في س، د: \"العبدي\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٥٥).","vol":"1","page":220},{"text":"٣٤٨ - وأَمّا حَديثُ ورقاءَ فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ألا أُريكُم وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: فغَسَلَ يَدَيه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، وتَمَضمَضَ مَرَّةً واستَنشَقَ مَرَّةً، وغَسَلَ وجهَه مَرَّةً، وذِراعَيه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، ومَسَحَ برأسِه مَرَّةً، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، ثم قال: هذا وُضوءُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوقَد ذَكَرنا الرواياتِ فيما مَضَى إلا رِوايَةَ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ وهِىَ فيما:\n\n٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: ثم أخَذَ حَفنَةً فغَسَلَ بها رِجلَه اليُمنَى، وأَخَذَ حَفنَةً فغَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى.\nفهَذِه الرِّواياتُ اتَّفَقَت على أنَّه غَسَلَهُما، وحَديثُ الدَّراوَردِيِّ يَحتمِلُ أن يَكونَ موافِقًا لها بأَن يَكون غَسَلَهُما في النَّعلِ. وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٢) لَيسَ بالحافِظِ جِدًّا، فلا يُقبَلُ مِنه ما يُخالِفُ فيه الثقاتِ الأثباتَ، كَيفَ وهُم عَدَد وهو واحِدٌ؟ وقَد رَوَى الثَّورِيُّ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ ما يوافِقُ رِوايَةَ الجَماعَةِ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٣١٩).\n(^٢) هشام بن سعد المدني، أبو عباد، ويقال: أبو سعيد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٦١، والمجروحين ٣/ ٨٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٠٣ - ٢٠٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣١٨: صدوق له أوهام، ورمى بالتشيع.","vol":"1","page":221},{"text":"٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ الطّوسِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حاضرٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ السَّرّاج، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي سَمينَةَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ الجَرمِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، كِلاهُما عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال لِي ابنُ عباسٍ: ألا أُرِيك وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ فتَوَضأَ مَرَّةً، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيه وعَلَيه نَعلُه (^٢). فهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه غَسَلَ رِجلَيه في النَّعلَينِ. والله أعلَمُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ قال: قَد روِى أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على ظُهورِ قَدَمَيه، وروِى أنَّه رَشَّ ظُهورَهُما، وأَحَدُ الحديثَينِ مِن وجهٍ صالِحِ الإسناد لَو كان مُنفَرِدًا ثَبَتَ، والذى خالَفَه أكثَرُ وأَثبَتُ مِنه؛ وأَمّا الحديثُ الآخَرُ فليس مِمّا يُثْبِتُ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ لَوِ انفَرَدَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما عَنَى بالحَديثِ الأوَّلِ حَديثَ الدَّراوَردِيُّ وغَيرِه عن زَيدٍ، وعَنَى بالحَديثِ الآخَرِ واللهُ أعلمُ، حَديثَ عبدِ خَيرٍ عن عَليٍّ في المَسحِ على ظُهورِ القَدَمَينِ (^٤). وقَد بَيَّنا أنَّه أرادَ، إن صَحَّ، ظَهرَ الخُفَّينِ، وهو مَذكورٌ\n_________\n(^١) محمد بن بكر بن محمد، أبو بكر النوقانى الطوسى، قال عبد الغافر: حسن السيرة، بالغ في الورع والزهد. وقال الذهبى: الفقيه، شيخ الشافعية ومدرسهم بنيسابور ... وكان مع فضائله وكان صالحًا خاشعًا. توفي سنة (٤٢٠ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١١)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ -٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٨٩، وطبقات الشافعيَّة للسبكى ٤/ ١٢١.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٦٨، ٣٤٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٣)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٧٠، ١٧١.\n(^٤) حديث الدراوردى تقدم تخريجه في (٢٣٣)، وحديث عبد خير سيأتي مسندًا في (١٤٠٣، ١٤٠٤).","vol":"1","page":222},{"text":"في بابِ المَسحِ على الخُفِّ بعِلَلِهِ (^١).\nوقَد روِى عن عليٍّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ في مَعنَى الحديثِ الأوَّلِ:\n\n٣٥١ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍ و، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حدَّثَني أبي، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَني محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الخولانيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ عَلِيُّ بَيتِي فدَعا بوَضوءٍ، فجِئنا بقَعبٍ (^٢) يأخُذُ المُدَّ أو قَريبَه حَتَى وُضِعَ بَينَ يَدَيه وقَد بالَ، فقالَ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، ألا أتَوَضأُ لَكَ وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قَلتُ: بَلَى، فِداكَ أبي وأُمِّى. قال: فوُضِعَ له إناءٌ، فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثم مَضمَضَ، واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ، ثم أخَذَ بيَدَيه (^٣) فصَكَّ (^٤) بهما في (^٥) وَجْهِه وأَلقَمَ إبهامَيه ما أقبَلَ مِن أُذُنَيه. قال: ثم عادَ بمِثلَ ذلكَ ثَلاثًا، ثم أخَذَ كَفًّا مِن ماءٍ بيَدِه اليُمنَى فأَفرَغَها على ناصيَتِه، ثم أرسَلَها تَسيلُ على وجهِه، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلى المِرفَقِ ثَلاثًا (^٦)، ثم يَدَه الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه وأُذُنَيه مِن ظُهورِهِما، ثم أخَذَ بكَفَّيه مِنَ الماءِ فصَكَّ (^٧) على قَدَمَيه وفيها\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٤٠٠ - ١٤٠٤).\n(^٢) القعب: القدح الضخم. تاج العروس ٤/ ٦٣ (ق ع ب).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"حفنة من ماء جميعا\".\n(^٤) في ب، د: \"فغسل\".\n(^٥) ليس في: م.\n(^٦) ليس في: د.\n(^٧) بعده في م: \"بهما\".","vol":"1","page":223},{"text":"النَّعلُ، [فَبَلَّها به] (^١) ثم على الرجلِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِك. قَال: فقلتُ: وفِي النَّعلَينِ؟ قال: وفِي النَّعلَينِ. قُلتُ: وفِي النَّعلَينِ؟ قال: وفِي النَّعلَينِ. قُلتُ: وفِي النَّعلَينِ؟ قال: وفِي النَّعلَينِ (^٢).\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيُّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: لا أدرِى ما هذا الحديثُ. وكأنه رأى الحديثَ الأوَّلَ أصَحَّ، يَعنِي حَديثَ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: [يَحتَمِلُ إن] (^٣) صحَّ أن يَكونَ غَسَلَهُما في النَّعلَينِ، فقَد رُوِّينا مِن أوجُهٍ كَثيرَةٍ عن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ علي بنِ أبي طالِب - ﵁ - أنَّه غَسَلَ رِجلَيه في الوُضوءِ:\n\n٣٥٢ - مِنها ما أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن علي - ﵁ - أنه دَعا بوَضوء فأُتِيَ بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: ثم صَبَّ بيَدِه اليُمنَى ثلاثَ مَرّات على قَدَمِه اليُمنَى، ثم غَسَلَها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم صَبَّ بيَدِه اليُمنَى على قَدَمِه اليُسرَى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَها بيَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم قال: هذا طُهورُ نَبِي اللَّه - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ثم قبلها بها\"، وفي أ: \"ثم فبلها بها\"، وفي د: \"ثم بلها بها\"، وفي المسند: \"ثم قلبها بها\".\n(^٢) أحمد (٦٢٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٣)، وابن حبان (١٠٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به.\nوأبو داود (١١٧) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"محتمل وإن\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٢١٥، ٢٣٤، ٢٦٦، ٢٧٣، ٣٢١).","vol":"1","page":224},{"text":"٣٥٣ - ومِنها ما حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتيُّ (^١) القاضِى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ الكِنانيُّ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، أنَّه سمِع عَليًّا - ﵁ - وسُئلَ عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَراقَ الماءَ في الرَّحْبَةِ، ثم قال: أين السّائلُ عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثَلاثًا ووَجهَه ثَلاثًا وذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه حَتَّى ألَمَّ أن يَقطُرَ، وغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: هَكَذا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ (^٢). لَيسَ في رِوايَه الفقيهِ قَولُه: حَتَّى ألَمَّ أن يَقطُرَ. والباقِى سَواءٌ.\n\n٣٥٤ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرنَا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبي حَيَّةَ قال: رأَيتُ عَليًّا تَوَضّأَ، فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه حَتَّى أنقاهُما، ثم مَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا وذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ومَسَحَ برأسِه وغَسَلَ قَدَمَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ، ثم قامَ وأَخَذَ فضلَ وَضوئِه فشَرِبَه وهو قائمٌ، ثم قال: إنِّي أحبَبتُ أن أُرِيَكُم كَيفَ كان طُهورُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"البرى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٢٠٢.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٦٧).","vol":"1","page":225},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - (^١). هَكَذا رواه أبو إسحاقَ عن أبي حَيَّةَ.\nوثَبَتَ في مِثلِ هَذِه القصَّةِ أنه مَسَحَ، وأَخبَرَ أنَّه وُضوءُ مَن لم يُحْدِثْ:\n\n٣٥٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العسكريُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِك بنُ مَيسَرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّزّالَ بنَ سَبْرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن علي بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّه صَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم قَعَدَ في حَوائجِ النّاسِ في رَحْبَةِ الكوفَةِ حَتَّى حَضَرَت صَلاةُ العَصرِ، ثم أُتِى بكوزٍ مِن ماءٍ فأَخَذَ مِنه حَفْنَةً واحِدَةً، فمَسَحَ بها وجهَه ويَدَيه ورأسَه ورِجلَيه، ثم قامَ فشَرِبَ فضلَه وهو قائمٌ، ثم قال: إنَ ناسًا يَكرَهونَ الشُربَ قائمًا، وإنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صنَعَ كما صَنَعتُ وقالَ: \"هذا وُضوءُ مَن لم يحدِث\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٣).\nوفِي هذا الحديثِ الثابِتِ دلالَةٌ على أن الحديثَ الذى روِى عن النبي - ﷺ - في المَسحِ على الرجلَينِ إن صَحَّ، فإِنَّما عَنَى به وهو طاهِرٌ غَيرُ مُحدِثٍ، إلا أن بَعضَ الرواةِ كأنَّه اختَصَرَ الحديثَ فلَم يَنقُلْ قَولَه: \"هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٦) عن مسدد به. وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٣٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٤٣٦)، والترمذي (٤٨)، والنسائى (٩٦) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٦٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٥)، والنسائى (١٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٦) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٧١٨) من طريق عبد الملك به. وليس عند أبي داود ذكر الوضوء.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦١٦).","vol":"1","page":226},{"text":"وُضوءُ مَن لم يُحْدِثْ\".\n\n٣٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبي، أخبرَنا ابنُ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه دَعا بكوزٍ مِن ما؟ ثم قال: أينَ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ يَزعُمونَ أنَّهُم يَكرَهونَ الشُّربَ قائمًا؟ قال: فأَخَذَه فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ، ثم تَوَضّأَ وُضوءًا خَفيفًا، ومَسَحَ على نَعلَيه، ثم قال: هَكَذا فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ عن ما لم يُحْدِثْ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رواه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي الليثِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٢) الرحمنِ الأشجَعِيِّ:\n\n٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ علي الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبهانيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ البَزّازُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي اللَّيثِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ الرحمنِ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ، أنه دَعا بكوفي مِن ماءٍ ثم تَوَضأَ وُضوءًا خَفيفًا، ثم مَسَحَ على نَعلَيه، ثم قال: هَكَذا وُضوءُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِلطّاهِرِ ما لم يُحْدِثْ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٩٧٠). وأخرجه القطيعى في جزء الألف دينار (٦٣) عن عبد الله بن أحمد به.\n(^٢) في س، ب: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ب، م. وتقدمت ترجمه في (٢٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠).","vol":"1","page":227},{"text":"وفِي هذا دلالَةٌ على أن ما روِى عن علي في المَسحِ على النَّعلَينِ، إنَّما هو في وُضوءٍ مُتَطَوَّعٍ به لا في وُضوءٍ واجِبٍ عليه مِن حَدَثٍ يوجِبُ الوُضوءَ، أو أرادَ غَسلَ الرِّجلَينِ في النَّعلَينِ، أو أرادَ مَسحَ على جَورَبَيه ونَعلَيه كما رواه عنه بَعضُ الرواةِ مقَيَّدًا بالجَورَبَينِ، وأَرادَ به جَورَبَينِ مُنْعَلَينِ، فثابِتٌ عنه - ﵁ - غَسلُ الرجلَينِ، وثابِتٌ عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - غَسلُ الرجلَينِ والوَعيدُ على تَركِه. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-137>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن الكَعبَيِن هُما النّاتِئانِ في جانِبَي القَدَمِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ - ﵁ - في صِفَةِ وُضوءِ النبي - ﷺ -: ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى إلى الكَعبَينِ ثلاثَ مَرَّات، ثم غَسَلَ اليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِك (^١).\nوفِي ذلكَ دَليلٌ على أن لِكُل رِجلٍ كَعبَينِ.\n\n٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدويُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ الجَدَليُّ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ: أقبَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"أقيموا صُفوفَكُم -ثَلاثًا- والله لتُقِيمُنَّ صُفوفَكُم أو لَيُخالِفَن الله بَينَ قُلوبكُم\". قال: فرأَيتُ الرَّجُلَ يَلزَقُ كَعبَه بكَعبِ صاحِبِه، ورُكبَتَه برُكبَةِ صاحِبِه، ومَنكِبَه بمَنكِبِهِ (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢١٩).\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (١٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٣٠)، وأبو داود (٦٦٢) من طريق وكيع به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٦١٦). وسيأتي في (٥٢٤٩).","vol":"1","page":228},{"text":"٣٥٩ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُحارِبِيِّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بسوقِ ذِى المَجازِ (^١) وأَنا في بِياعَةٍ لِي، فمَرَّ وعَلَيه حُلَّة حَمراءُ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ قولوا: لا إلَهَ إلا الله. تُفلِحوا\". ورَجُلٌ يَتبَعُه يَرميه بالحِجارَةِ قَد أدمَى كَعبَيه. يَعنِي أبا لَهَبٍ وذكَر الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-138>بابُ تَخليلِ الأصابِعِ</span>\n\n٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ كَثيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عاصِمَ بنَ لَقيطِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ وافِدَ بنى المُنتَفِقِ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخبِرْنِى عن الوُضوءِ. فقالَ: \"أسبغِ الوُضوءَ وخَلِّلْ بَينَ الأصابعِ، وبالِغْ في الاستنشاقِ إلا أن تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) من أشهر أسواق العرب في الجاهلية، ولا زال موضعه معروفًا بسفح جبل كبكب من الغرب، يراه من يخرج من مكة على طريق غلة اليمانية. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٨١، والحاكم ٢/ ٦١١، ٦١٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وزيادات يونس بن بكير (٣١٦ - سيرة ابن إسحاق). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٩)، وابن حبان (٦٥٦٢) من طريق يزيد به. وصححه ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ١/ ٦٨٠. وسيأتي في (١١٢٠٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٩، ١١٠)، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٢)، والترمذي (٧٨٨)، والنسائى (٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠)، وابن حبان (١٠٥٤) من=","vol":"1","page":229},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن عثمانَ في صِفَةِ وُضوءِ النبي - ﷺ - أنَّه خَلَّلَ أصابعَ قَدَمَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-139>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ التَّخليلِ</span>\n\n٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: اْخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عمرٍو المَعافِرِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ الحُبُلِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ المُستَورِدَ بنَ شَدّادٍ القُرَشِيَّ يقولُ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَدْلُكُ بخِنصَرِه ما بَينِ أصابعِ رِجلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِيُّ بالرَّيِّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمِّي يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مالِكًا يُسأَلُ عن تَخليلِ أصابع الرجلَينِ في الوُضوءِ، فقالَ: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ على الناسِ. قال: فتَرَكتُه حَتَى خَفَ الناسُ، فقُلتُ له: يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ، سَمِعتُكَ تُفتِي في مَسأَلَةٍ في (^٣) تَخليلِ أصابعِ\n_________\n= طريق يحيى بن سليم به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٤٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠١٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٨)، والترمذي (٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٤٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٤).\n(^٣) ليس في: ب، م.","vol":"1","page":230},{"text":"الرِّجلَينِ؛ زَعَمتَ أن لَيسَ ذلكَ على الناسِ، وعِندَنا في ذلكَ سُنَّةٌ. فقالَ: وما هِىَ؟ فقُلتُ: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عمرٍو المَعافِرِيِّ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ الحُبُلِيِّ، عن المُستَورِدِ بنِ شَدّادٍ القُرَشِيِّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يدْلُكُ بخِنصَرِه ما بَينَ أصابعِ رِجلَيهِ. فقالَ: إنَّ هذا حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ، وما سَمِعتُ به قَطُّ إلا السّاعَةَ. ثم سَمِعتُه يُسأَلُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ، فأَمَرَ بتَخليلِ الأصابعِ (^١). قال عَمِّى: ما أقَلَّ مَن يَتَوَضأُ إلا ويُخطِئُه (^٢) الخَطُّ الذى تَحتَ الإبهامِ في الرِّجلِ، فإِنَّ النّاسَ يَثنونَ إبهامَهُم عِندَ الوُضوءِ، فمَن تَفَقَّدَ ذلكَ سَلِمَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-140>بابُ استِحبابِ الإِشراعِ في السّاقِ</span>\n\n٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الذورِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ قال: حدَّثَني عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزِيَّةَ الأنصارِيُّ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُجْمِرِ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ تَوَضّأَ، فغَسَلَ وجهَه فأَسبَغَ الوُضوءَ، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى حَتَّى (^٣) أشرَعَ في العَضُدِ، ثم يَدَه اليُسرَى حَتَّى أشرَعَ في العَضُدِ، ثم مَسَحَ رأسَه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى حَتَّى أشرَعَ في السّاقِ، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى حَتَّى أشرَعَ في السّاقِ، ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٣١، ٣٢ دون قول ابن وهب الأخير.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يحيطه\".\n(^٣) في س: \"ثم\".","vol":"1","page":231},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضَّأ (^١).\n\n٣٦٤ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أنتُمُ الغُرُّ المُحَجَّلونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن إسباغِ الوُضوءِ، فمَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُم فليُطِلْ غُرَّتَه وتَحجيلَه \". رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-141>بابٌ في نَزْعِ الخِضابِ عِندَ الوُضوءِ إذا كان يَمنَعُ الماءَ</span>\n\n٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السلميُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ (^٣)، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ ومُعاذٌ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن أبي سعيدِ ابنِ أخِى أُمِّ المُؤمِنينِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في المَرأَةِ تتَوَضأُ وعَلَيها الخِضابُ، قالَت: اسْلُتِيه وأَرْغِميهِ (^٤). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُها: أرْغِميه. تَقولُ: أهِينيه وارمِي به عَنكِ.\n\n٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ قال: حدَّثني مَن سمِع عائشةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٦٤) عن العباس بن محمد الدورى به، وتقدم في (٢٦١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٦/ ٣٤).\n(^٣) في س، ب: \"عتبة\"، وفي م: \"عبيدة\".\n(^٤) سلتت الخضاب عن يدها، إذا مسحته وأصل السلت القطع، ومنه: سلت القصعة، وهو أن يمسح ما علق بها من الطعام فيقطعه عنها. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ١١٥.\nوالأثر في غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٢٦. وأخرجه الدارمى (١١٣٢) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"1","page":232},{"text":"أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ تَقولُ: بَلَغَنِى، أو ذُكِرَ لِى، أن نِساءً (^١) يَختَضِبِنَ، ثم تَمسَحُ إحداهُنَّ على خِضابِها إذا تَوَضّأَت لِلصَّلاةِ، لأن تُقطَعَ يَدَيَّ بالسَّكاكينِ أحَبُّ إليَّ مِن أن أفعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن قَتادَةَ أنَّه حدَّثه، أن أبا العاليَةِ حدَّثه أو رجلٌ آخَرُ، انَّه سألَ ابنَ عَبّاسِ عن الخِضابِ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أُخبِرُكَ كَيفَ تَختَضِبُ نِساؤُنا؟ يُصَلِّينَ -يَعنِي العِشاءَ- ثم يركِّبْنَ (^٣) الخِضابَ فيَنَمْنَ، فإِذا كان صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ نَزَعْنَه فتَوَضَّأنَ وصَلَّينَ ثم رَكَّبْنَه، فإِذا كان صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ نَزَعْنَه بأَحسَنِ خِضابٍ، فلا يُشغَلْنَ عن وُضوءٍ؛ فإِنَّ أزواج النبيِّ - ﷺ - كُنَّ يَختَضِبْنَ بعدَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ.\n\n٣٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ بالُويه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، أخبرَنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن لاحِقِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الخِضابِ، فقالَ: أمّا نِساؤُنا فيَختَضِبْنَ مِن صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، ثم نَظَّفْنَ أيديَهُنُّ فتَطَهَّرْنَ، ثم يَعُدنَ عليه مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ إلى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ بأَحسَنِ خِضابٍ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"نساءك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١١٣١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) ركَّبه تركيبا: وضع بعضه على بعض فتركب وتراكب. تاج العروس ٢/ ٥٢٦ (رك ب).","vol":"1","page":233},{"text":"يَمْنَعُهُنَّ ذلكَ مِنَ الصلاةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-142>باب ما يقولُ بعد الفَراغِ من الوُضوء</span>\n\n٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ صالِحٍ الجهنيُّ قال: حدَّثني مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ الحمصيُّ قاضى أندَلُسَ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ ورَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِى وعَبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ بُختٍ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ الجُهَنِي، كُلُّهم يُحَدِّثُ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه وأبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حدَّثَني أبي، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ يَعنِي ابنَ يَزيدَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانيِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَه أبو عثمانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ (^٢)، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: كانَت عَلَينا رِعايَةُ الِإبِلِ، فحانَت نَوبَتِى فرَوَّحتُها بعَشِيٍّ، فأَدرَكتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قائمًا يُحَدِّثُ الناسَ، فأَدرَكتُ مِن قَولِه: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَتَوَضأُ فيُحسِنُ الوُضوءَ ثم يَقومُ فيصَلِّي رَكعَتَينِ، فيقبِلُ عَلَيهِما بقَلبِه ووَجهِه إلا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٠) من طريق شعبة به مختصرًا. والدارمى (١١٣٣، ١١٣٥) من طريق قتادة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"وربيعة بن زيد عن أبي إدريس الخولانى وعبد الوهاب بن بخت عن ليث بن سليم الجهنى كلهم يحدث\".","vol":"1","page":234},{"text":"وجَبَت (^١) له الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فقلتُ: ما أجوَدَ هَذِه! فإِذا قائلٌ بَينَ يَدَيَّ يقولُ: الذى (^٢) قَبلَها أجوَدُ. فنَظَرتُ فإِذا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، قال: إنِّى قَد رأَيتُكَ جِئتَ آنِفًا، قال: \"ما مِنكُم مِن أحَدٍ يَتَوَضأُ ثم يقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ [وأَشهَدُ أن] (^٣) محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه إلا فُتِحَت له أبوابُ الجَنَّةِ الثَّمانيَةُ، يَدخُلُ مِن أيِّها شاءَ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ مَهدِيٍّ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ، وقال في إسنادِه: عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنى أبو عثمانَ عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَني رَبيعَةُ بنُ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، عن [أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ و] (^٦) أبي عثمانَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ أنَّه سمِع عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن توضأَ فأَحسَنَ الوُضوءَ، ثم قال: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"وجب\".\n(^٢) في أ: \"التى\".\n(^٣) في ب: \"وأن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٢٧٥٣)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٢٦، ٤٢٧، وأحمد (١٧٣٩٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأبو داود (١٦٩)، والترمذى (٥٥)، والنسائى (١٤٨)، وابن حبان (١٠٥٠) من طريق معاوية مطولا ومختصرًا. واقتصر بعضهم على ذكر عمر، والبعض على ذكر عقبة. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ١٠١. وسيأتي في (٣٥٦٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٣٤/ ١٧).\n(^٦) ليس في: م.","vol":"1","page":235},{"text":"وحدَه لا شَريكَ له وإن محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه. فُتِحَت له ثَمانيَةُ أبوابِ الجنة يَدخُلُ مِن أيِّها شاءَ\" (^١).\n\n٣٧١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، وقالَ: وأبو عثمانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرِ بنِ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\nوروِى في حَديثِ ابنِ عمرَ وأنسٍ في هذا الحديثِ: \"اللَّهُم اجعَلْنِى مِنَ التوَّابينَ واجعَلْنِى مِنَ المُتَطَهِّرينَ \" (^٤). وذَلِكَ مَعَ غَيرِه مُخَرَّج في كِتابِ \"الدعوات\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-143>بابُ الوُضوءِ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا</span>\n\n٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١١١)، والدعوات الكبير (٥٨). وأخرجه النسائى (١٤٨) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣٤/ عقب ١٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (١١٢)، والخلافيات (٢٨٣) من حديث أنس وابن عمرو. قال الذهبى ١/ ٨٢: ما ثبت ذا. وقد وردت هذه الزيادة في حديث عمر عند الترمذى (٥٥). وصححها أحمد شاكر.\n(^٥) الدعوات الكبير (٥٨ - ٥٩).","vol":"1","page":236},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ. قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، عن أبي أنَسٍ قال: تَوَضّأَ عثمانُ بنُ عفانُ عِندَ المَقاعِدِ، فقالَ: ألا أُرِيكُم وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: ثم تَوَضّأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا. قال سُفيانُ: قال أبو النَّضرِ عن أبي أنَسٍ: وعِندَه رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ لَهُم: ألَيسَ هَكَذا رأَيتُم رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ؟ قالوا: بَلَى (^١). هَكَذا رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وأَبِي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن وكيعٍ، وقالَ في إسنادِه: عن أبي أنَسٍ (^٢). وأبو أنَسٍ هو مالِكُ بنُ أبي عامِرٍ الأصبحِيُّ.\n\n٣٧٣ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن سالِمٍ أبي النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ، أنَّه دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضّأَ عِندَ المَقاعِدِ، فتَوَضّأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال لأصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: هَل رأَيتُم رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٤) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٠).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"المقرئ \". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٧٥.","vol":"1","page":237},{"text":"هَذا؟ قالوا: نَعَم. لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُسَينِ. وفِي حَديثِ الفِريابِيِّ أن عثمانَ تَوَضأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال لأصحابِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -: هَكَذا رأَيتُم رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ قالوا: نَعَم (^١). وفِي حَديثِ أبي حُذَيفَةَ: دَعا بوَضوءٍ على المَقاعِدِ.\nوهَكَذا هو في \"جامع الثورى\" رِوايَةَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الوَليدِ العَدَنيُّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-144>بابُ كَراهِيةِ (^٣) الزّيادَةِ على الثَّلاثِ</span>\n\n٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ والعبَّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيارَ (^٤) قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبيدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي عائشةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه قال: جاءَ أعرابِى إلى النبي - ﷺ - فسأَلَه عن الوُضوءِ، فأَراه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: هذا (^٥) الوُضوءُ، فمَن زادَ على هذا فقَد أساءَ -أو: تَعَدَّى- وظَلَمَ\" (^٦). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الأشجَعِيُّ عن الثورِيِّ مَوصولًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٨٥ عن الفريابى وأبى حذيفة عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٨) عن العدنى به. قال الذهبى ١/ ٨٣: هذه علة مؤثرة في حديث وكيع.\n(^٣) في س: \"كراهة\".\n(^٤) في م: \"قوهيارى\".\n(^٥) في ب: \"هكذا\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٢)، والنسائى (١٤٠) من طريق يعلى به.\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٤) من طريق الأشجعى به.","vol":"1","page":238},{"text":"٣٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي عائشةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه، أن رجلًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كَيفَ الطُّهورُ؟ فدَعا بماءٍ في إناءٍ فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم غَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه، فأَدخَلَ إصبَعَيه السَّبَّاحَتَينِ في أُذُنَيه، ومَسَحَ بإِبهامَيه على ظاهِرِ أُذُنَيه، وبِالسَّبّاحَتَينِ باطِنَ أُذُنَيه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: \"هَكَذا الوضوءُ، فمَن زادَ على هذا أو نَقَصَ فقَد أساءَ وظَلَمَ\". أو: \"ظَلَمَ وأَساءَ\" (^١). قَولُه: \"نَقَصَ \". يَحْتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به نُقصانَ العُضوِ، وقَولُه: \"ظَلَمَ \". يَعنِي جاوَزَ الحَدَّ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-145>بابُ الوُضوءِ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ</span>\n\n٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضِي ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَبَّادِ (^٢) بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٨٢)، وأبو داود (١٣٥). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٣): حسن صحيح دون قوله: \"أو نقص\". فإنه شاذ.\n(^٢) في م: \"عبادة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠) من طريق يونس بن محمد به.","vol":"1","page":239},{"text":"رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسينِ بنِ عيسَى عن يونُسَ (^١).\n\n٣٧٧ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ العامِريُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الفَضلِ الهاشميُّ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-146>بابُ الوُضوءِ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً</span>\n\n٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، [أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ] (^٣) إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر وسُفيانُ وداوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ألا أُخبِرُكُم بوُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: فدَعا بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ، فجَعَلَ يَغرِفُ غَرفَةً غَرفَةً لِكُلِّ عُضوٍ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن سُفيانَ بإِسنادِه، وقالَ: تَوَضّأَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَرَّةً مَرَّةً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٥٨).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٧٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٦)، والترمذي (٤٣)، وابن حبان (١٠٩٤) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٢٦ - ١٢٨)، وعنه أحمد (٣٠٧٣، ٣١١٣، ٣٤٥٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٨)، والترمذى (٤٢)، والنسائيُّ (٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٤١١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥٧).","vol":"1","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-147>بابٌ: يوضِّيءُ (^١) بعض الأعضاء ثلاثًا وبَعضَها اثنَيِن وبَعضَها واحِدَةً</span>\n\n٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ أبي الحسنِ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ أبي الحسنِ يَسأَلُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فدَعا بتَورِ (^٢) ماءٍ، فتَوَضّأَ لَهُم وُضوءَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَكفأَ على يدَيه (^٣) مِنَ التَّورِ ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في التَّورِ فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ واستَنثَرَ ثلاثَ غَرَفاتٍ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه فغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَيه فغَسَلَ يَدَيه مَرَّتَينِ إلى المِرْفَقَينِ، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَيه فمَسَحَ رأسَهُ (^٤) فأَقبَلَ بهِما وأَدبَرَ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، ثم (^٥) غَسَلَ رِجلَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ (^٦). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن وُهَيبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-148>بابُ فضلِ التَّكرارِ في الوُضوءِ</span>\n\n٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وضوء\".\n(^٢) بعده في م، والبخارى: \"من\".\n(^٣) في ب، د: \"يده\".\n(^٤) في س، م، ب، د: \"برأسه\".\n(^٥) ليس في: م.\n(^٦) البخارى (١٩٢)، ومسلم (٢٣٥)، وتقدم في (٢٣٢).","vol":"1","page":241},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحسينُ بنُ أبي مَعشَرٍ السُّلَميِّ بحَرّانَ (^١) (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ يَحيَى بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ الصَّائغُ بالرَّيِّ وأبو أحمدَ بنُ عَلُّوسا [بأَسَداباذَ هَمَذانَ] (^٢) قالا: حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى الجَرَّاحِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ قالا: أخبرَنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضحٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: تَوَضّأَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَرَّة مَرَّةً، ثم قال: \"هذا وُضوءُ مَن لا [تُقبَل له] (^٣) صَلاةٌ إلا به، ثمَّ تَوَضّأ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم قال: \"هذا وُضوءُ مَن يُضاعَفُ له الأجرُ مَرَّتَينِ\". ثم تَوَضأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: \"هذا وُضوئى ووُضوءُ المُرسَلينَ (^٤) قَبلِى\" (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عَروبَةَ، وفِي حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سليمانَ: \"لا يَقبَلُ اللهُ له الصَّلاةَ إلا به\". وقالَ: \"يُضاعِفُ الله له\". وهَذا الحديثُ مِن هذا الوَجهِ تَفرَّد به المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحِ (^٦) ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) حران: مدينة عظيمة مشهورة على طريق الموصل والشام. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٣١.\n(^٢) في ب: \"بأسداباد بهمدان. وأسداباذ: مدينة بينها وبين همذان مرحلة واحدة نحو العراق. ينظر مراصد الاطلاع ١/ ٧٢. وابن علوسا هو الحسين بن علي بن محمد بن علوسا كما سيأتى في (٥٠٧٢).\n(^٣) في ب: \" يقبل الله صلاة\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"من \".\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٨٤)، وأبو عروبة الحرانى في جزئه ضمن جمهرة الأجزاء ١/ ١٩ (٣).\nوأخرجه ابن عساكر ٥٨/ ٢٠١ من طريق علي بن الحسن به. والحسن بن سفيان في الأربعين (١٧) - ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٨٠، والمصنف في المعرفة (٨٨) - عن المسيب به.\n(^٦) قال الدارقطني: والمسيب ضعيف. وتقدم الكلام في (٣٢).","vol":"1","page":242},{"text":"وروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٣٨١ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي سُوَيدٍ الذَّارعُ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ النُّعمانِ قالا: حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ الطَّويلُ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّيِّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ قال: دَعا النبيُّ - ﷺ - بماءٍ فتَوَضأَ واحِدَةً واحِدَةً، فقالَ: \"هذا وُضوءٌ لا يَقبَلُ الله الصلاة إلا به\". ثم دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضّأَ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، فقالَ: \"هذا وُضوءُ مَن يُؤتَى (^٢) أجرَه مَرَّتَينِ\". ثم دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضَّأَ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، فقال: \"هذا وُضوئى ووُضوءُ الأنبياءِ قَبلِى\" (^٣). وهكذا روِى عن عبدِ الرحيمِ بنِ زَيدٍ العَمِّيِّ (^٤) عن أبيه (^٥)، وخالَفَهُما غَيرُهُما\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الذراع\". وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ١/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"أوتى\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١٤٦. وأخرجه الطيالسى (٢٠٣٦)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٨٠ من طريق سلام به.\n(^٤) هو عبد الرحيم بن زيد العمى، أبو زيد البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ١٦١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٣١٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٣٠٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٠٤: كذبه ابن معين.\n(^٥) هو زيد بن الحوارى العمى، أبو الحوارى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٦٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٠٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٠٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٧٤: ضعيف.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٩)، وأبو يعلى (٥٥٩٨)، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٢٨٨، وابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ١٦١، ١٦٢ من طريق عبد الرحيم به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٧٣): هذا إسناد فيه زيد العمى وهو ضعيف، وعبد الرحيم متروك، بل كذاب، ومعاوية بن قرة لم يلق ابن عمر. قاله ابن أبي حاتم في العلل.","vol":"1","page":243},{"text":"ولَيسوا في الرِّوايَةِ بأَقوياءَ. والله أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-149>باب فضيلة الوضوء</span>\n\n٣٨٢ - أخبرنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ [وأبو بكرِ] (^١) ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قالا: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضأَ العَبدُ المُسلِمُ -أوِ: المُؤمِنُ- فغَسَلَ وجهَه، خَرَجَ مِن وجهِه كُلُّ خَطيئَةٍ نَظَرَ إلَيها بعَينَيه مَعَ الماءِ -أو: مَعَ آخِرِ قَطرِ الماءِ- فإِذا غَسَلَ يَدَيه خَرَجَ مِن يَدَيه كُلُّ خَطيئَةٍ بَطَشَتْها يَداه مَعَ الماءِ -أو: مَعَ آخِرِ قَطرِ الماءِ- فإِذا غَسَلَ رِجلَيه خَرَجَت كُلُّ خَطيئَةٍ مَشَتها رِجلاه مَعَ الماءِ -أو: مَعَ آخِرِ قَطرِ الماءِ- حَتَّى يَخرُجَ نقيًّا مِنَ الذُّنوبِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيوبَ، أخبرنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وبكر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٢)، ومالك ١/ ٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٠٢٠)، والترمذى (٢)، وابن حبان (١٠٤٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٤).","vol":"1","page":244},{"text":"وأبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ العَنبَرِىّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا شَدّادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو عَمّارٍ ويَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قالَ: قالَ عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ السّلَمِيُّ. فذكَر حَديثًا طَويلًا في قُدومِه على النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ، ثم قُدومِه عليه بالمَدينَةِ، قالَ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما الوُضوءُ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنه. قال: \"ما مِنكم مِن رجلٍ يقَرَّبُ وَضوءَه فيمضمض ويَستَنشِق فينتثر (^١)، إلا خَرَجَت (^٢) خَطايا فمِه وخَياشيمِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم إذا غَسَلَ وجهَه كما أمَرَه الله، إلا خَرَجَت خَطايا وجهِه مِن أطرافِ لِحيته مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَغسِلُ يَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ، إلا خَرَجَت خَطايا يَدَيه مِن أنامِلِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَمسَح رأسَه إلا خَرَجَت خَطايا رأسِه مِن أطرافِ شَعَرِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَغسِل قَدَمَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ إلا خَرَجَت خَطايا رِجلَيه مِن أنامِلِه مَعَ الماءِ، فإِن هو قامَ فصَلَّى، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عليه ومَجَّدَه بالَّذِى هو له أهلٌ، وفَرَّغَ قَلبَه للهِ إلا انصَرَفَ مِن خَطيئَتِه كهَيئَتِه يَومَ ولَدَته أمُّه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَعقِرِيِّ عن النَّضرِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي الوَليدِ عن عِكرِمَةَ: \"ثم يَغسِل قَدَمَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ كما أمَرَه اللَّه\". ولَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه يَحيَى بنَ أبي كَثيرٍ. وقَد رواه محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"فينثر\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، ر، ب: \"جرت\" وكذلك في المواضع الآتية في الحديث.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٧٩، ٢٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠١٩) من طريق عكرمة عن شداد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٣٢).","vol":"1","page":245},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ ابنِ خُزَيمَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيى الذهلِيِّ عن أبي الوَليدِ، واحتَجَّ به في وُجوبِ غَسلِ القَدَمَينِ (^١).\n\n٣٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانيُّ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّه بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه الصُّنابحيُّ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضأَ العَبدُ فمَضمَضَ خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن فِيه، فإذا استَنثَرَ خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن أنفِه، فإذا غَسَلَ وجهَه خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن وجهِه حَتَّى تَخرُجَ مِن تَحتِ (^٢) أشفارِ عَينَيه، فإذا غَسَلَ يَدَيه خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن يَدَيه حَتَّى تَخرُجَ الخَطايا (^٣) مِن تَحتِ أظفارِ يَدَيه، فإِذا مَسَحَ برأسِه خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن رأسِه حَتَّى تَخرُجَ مِن أُذُنَيه، فإذا غَسَلَ رِجلَيه خَرَجَتِ الخَطايا مِن رِجلَيه حَتَّى تَخرُجَ مِن تَحتِ أظفارِ رِجلَيه (^٤)، ثم كان مَشيُه إلى المَسجِدِ وصَلاتُه نافِلَةً له\" (^٥).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العبَّاس بنَ محمدٍ الدورِيُّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (١٦٥).\n(^٢) ليس في: ب.\n(^٣) ليس في: د.\n(^٤) في ب: \"قدميه\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ١٢٩، ١٣٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، ومالك ١/ ٣١، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٩٠٦٨)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٥/ ٣٢٢، والنسائى (١٠٣).","vol":"1","page":246},{"text":"يَقولُ: يَروِى (^١) عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنابِحِيِّ، صَحابِيٌّ (^٢)، ويُقالُ: أبو عبد اللَّهِ. والصُّنابِحِيُّ صاحِبُ أبي بكرٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُسَيلَةَ، والصُّنابِحيُّ صاحِبُ قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ يُقالُ له: الصُّنابحُ بنُ الأعسَرِ، كَذا قال يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣). وزَعَمَ البخاريُّ أن مالِكَ بنَ أنَسٍ وهِمَ في هذا، وإِنَّما هو أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُسَيلَةَ الصُّنابِحيُّ لم يَسمَعْ مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤). [وهذا الحديثُ مرسلٌ، وعبدُ الرحمنِ هو الذى روَى عن أبي بكرٍ الصديقِ - ﵁ -. والصُّنابحُ بنُ الأعسرِ صاحبُ النبيِّ - ﷺ -] (^٥).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقد رواه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" (^٦) مِن حديثِ مالكِ بنِ أنسٍ هكذا، ثم قال: وتابَعه ابنُ أبي مريمَ عن أبي غَسَّانَ عن زيدٍ، ورواه إسحاقُ بنُ عيسى بنُ الطَّبَّاعِ عن مالكٍ فقال: عن الصُّنَابِحيِّ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ. واحتجَّ بآثارٍ ذكَرها على أن الأمرَ فيه كما قال.\n\n٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٧) اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يروى عن\"، وفي د: \"روى عن\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٧.\n(^٤) علل الترمذى الكبير ص ٢١.\n(^٥) ليس في: ب. وهو موجود باختلاف يسير في حاشية \"د\"، ومكتوب عليه: حاشية من كلام البخارى وهو مضروب عليه في الأصل.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٢٢، والتاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٩٥.\n(^٧) في د: \"عبد\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ١٣٢.","vol":"1","page":247},{"text":"وأبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأعمَشُ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن ثَوبانَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"استقيموا ولَن تُحْصوا، واعلَموا أن مِن أفضلِ -وقال أبو بدرٍ: مِن خَيرِ- أعمالِكُم الصلاةَ، ولَن يُحافِظَ على الوُضوءِ إلا مُؤمِنٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-150>بابُ إسباغِ الوُضوء</span>\n\n٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. [قالوا: وأَخبرَنا] (^٢) أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أن الحَكَمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ القُرَشيَّ حدَّثه، أن نافِعَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبي سلَمةَ حَدَّثاه، أن مُعاذَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ حدَّثه، عن حُمرانَ مَولَى عثمانَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ لِلصَّلاةِ فأَسبَغَ الوُضوءَ، ثم مَشَى إلى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ فصَلَّاها مَعَ النّاسِ -أو: مَعَ الجَماعَةِ- أو فى المَسجِدِ؛ غُفِرَ له ذَنبُه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في\n_________\n(^١) محمد بن عمرو الرزاز في جزئه (٦٦)، وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٣٠ من طريق محمد بن عبيد به، وأحمد (٢٢٣٧٨)، والدارمي (٦٨١) من طريق الأعمش به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٧) من طريق سالم. قال الذهبى ١/ ٨٧: سالم لم يدرك ثوبان. وسيأتي في (٢١٧٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \" قال: أخبرنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٨٥٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٤٨٣) من طريق نافع وعبد الله به. =","vol":"1","page":248},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحسنِ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ (^٢) الدَّهَّانُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قالوا: وأَخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"ألا أخبِرُكُم بما يَمحو الله به الخَطايا ويَرفَعُ به الدَّرَجاتِ؟ إسباغُ الوُضوءِ على المَكارِهِ، وكَثرَةُ الخُطا إلى المَساجِدِ، وانتِظارُ الصَّلاةِ بعدَ الصلاةِ، فذَلِكم الرِّباطُ فذَلِكُم الرِّباطُ، فذَلِكُم الرِّباط\" (^٣).\n\n٣٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n= والبخارى (٦٤٣٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٧٥) من طريق معاذ به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥) من طريق حمران به.\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣٢/ ١٣).\n(^٢) في س، د، م: \"محبوب\". وهو محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن محبور، أبو عبد الرحمن الدهان، قال عبد الغافر: من بيت الحديث. وقال الذهبى: له فوائد منتقاة، روى فيها عن أبي حامد بن بلال فمن بعده. توفي سنة (٤٠٣ هـ) أو بعدها. ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٢٠)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٩٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٩٣)، ومالك ١/ ١٦١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٢٩)، والنسائى (١٤٣)، وابن حبان (١٠٣٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٣٣).","vol":"1","page":249},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ قالا: حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ.\nرواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاج في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ موسَى (^١).\n\n٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرني أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيوبَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حدَّثني مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجَيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - خَرَجَ إلى المَقبُرَةِ (^٢) فقالَ: \"السلام عَلَيكُم دارَ قَوم مُؤمِنينَ، وإنا إن شاءَ الله بكُم لاحِقونَ، ودِدتُ أنِّي قَد رأَيتُ إخوانَنا\". قالو ا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ألَسْنا (^٣) بإِخوانِكَ؟ قال: \"بل أنتُم أصحابِى، وإخوانُنا (^٤) الَّذين لم يأتوا بَعدُ، وأَنا فرَطُهُم على الحَوضِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كَيفَ تَعرِفُ مَن يأتى بَعدَكَ مِن أُمَّتِكَ؟ قال: \"أرأَيتَ (^٥) لَو كان لِرَجُلٍ خَيلٌ غرٌّ محَجَّلَةٌ في خَيل دُهْمٍ بُهْمٍ (^٦)، ألا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٥١/ ...).\n(^٢) قال النووي في شرح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٧: أما المقبرة فبضم الباء وفتحها وكسرها، ثلاث لغات، الكسر قليل.\n(^٣) في م: \"ولسنا\".\n(^٤) في د: \"وإخواني\".\n(^٥) في ب: \"أرأيتم\".\n(^٦) دُهْم بُهْم: الدهم جمع أدهم وهو الأسود، وأما البهم فقيل: السود أيضًا. وقيل: البهم الذي =","vol":"1","page":250},{"text":"يَعرِفُ خَيلَهُ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: \" فإِنَّهُم يأتونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلين مِنَ الوُضوءِ، وأَنا فرَطُهُم على الحَوضِ، فلَيُذادَنَّ رِجالٌ عن حَوضِي كما يُذادُ البعيرُ الضّالُّ؛ أُناديهِم: ألا هَلُمَّ، ألا هَلُمَّ، ألا هَلُمَّ. ثَلاثًا، فيقالُ: إنَّهُم قَد بَدَّلوا. فأَقولُ: فسُحْقًا، فسُحْقًا، فسُحْقًا\" (^١).\n\n٣٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا الأنصاريُّ يَعنِي إسحاقَ بنَ موسَى، حدثنا مَعْنٌ، حدثنا مالكٌ بهَذا الحَديثِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ موسَى الأنصارِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-151>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يوَضِّئُ صاحِبَه</span>\n\n٣٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّيْميُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّه دَفَعَ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - عَشيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى عَدَلَ إلى الشِّعبِ يَقضِي\n_________\n= لا يخالط لونه سواه من أى لون كان، بل يكون لونه خالصا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٠٢، وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ١٣٩.\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٨، ٢٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٧)، والنسائى (١٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٤٦). وعند أحمد وأبى داود مقتصرًا على ذكر دعاء المقابر. وسيأتي في (٧٢٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٩/ ...).\n(^٣) في الأصل، د، ب: \"التميمى\".","vol":"1","page":251},{"text":"حاجَتَه، فجَعَلَ أُسامَةُ يَصُبُّ عليه ويَتَوَضَّأُ، فقالَ له أُسامَةُ: ألا تُصلِّي يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"الصلاةُ أمامَكَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: بَينا أنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ إذ نَزَلَ فقَضَى حاجَتَه ثم جاءَ، فصَبَبْتُ عليه مِن إداوَةٍ كانَت مَعِي، فتَوَضَّأ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-152>بابُ تَفريقِ الوُضوء</span>\n\n٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيح، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن بَحيرٍ (^٥) يَعنِي ابنَ سَعدٍ (^٦)، عن خالِدٍ يَعنى ابنَ مَعدانَ، عن بَعضِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٤٠٢٢)، وأبو عوانة (٣٤٨٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وسيأتي في (٩٥٦٣ - ٩٥٦٥، ٩٥٧٦، ٩٥٧٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨١)، ومسلم (١٢٨٠/ ٢٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٤٠٦ (٩٧١)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٦٢٩) من طريق أبي الأحوص به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٦)، والبخارى (١٨٢).\n(^٥) في س، د، ر، م: \"يحيى\".\n(^٦) في ب، م: \"سعيد\".","vol":"1","page":252},{"text":"أصحابِ (^١) النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - رأى رجلًا يُصَلِّي وفِي ظَهرِ قَدَمِه لُمعَةٌ قَدرَ الدِّرهَمِ لم يُصِبْها الماءُ، فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصَّلاةَ (^٢).\nكَذا في هذا الحديثِ، وهو مُرسَلٌ (^٣)، وروِى في حَديثٍ مَوصولٍ كما:\n\n٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، أنه سمِع قَتادَةَ بنَ دِعامَةَ قال: أخبرَنا أنَسٌ، أن رجلًا جاءَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد تَوَضّأَ، وتَرَكَ على قَدَمِه مِثلَ مَوضِعِ الظُّفُرِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ فأَحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ\" (^٤).\nقال أبو داودَ: ولَيسَ هذا الحديثُ بمَعروفٍ، ولَم يَروِه عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ إلا ابنُ وهبٍ (^٥). يَعنِي بهَذا الِإسنادِ. قال أبو داودَ: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ وحُمَيدٌ، عن الحسنِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعنَى حَديثِ قَتادَةَ (^٦). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ. قالَ أبو داودَ (^٧): وقَد روِى عن مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه الجَزَرِيِّ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوُه\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"أزواج \".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٦١)، وأبو داود (١٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩٥) من طريق بقية به.\nوصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ١/ ٨٨: ما أراه إلا متصلا.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧٣). وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٣٠).\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ١/ ٨٩: مع غرابته رواته ثقات، ولجرير ما ينكر عن قتادة، هذا منه. ويراجع شرح علل ابن أبي حاتم لابن عبد الهادى ١/ ٣٤.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٧٤).\n(^٧) أبو داود عقب (١٧٣) دون قوله: \"فرجع ثم صلى\".","vol":"1","page":253},{"text":"قال: \"ارجِعْ فأَحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ\". فرَجَعَ ثم صَلَّى.\nقال الشيخُ:\n\n٣٩٥ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زكريا، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ البَرازُ (^١)، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٢). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\"، عن سلَمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ، يَعنِي عن الحسنِ (^٣).\nورواه أبو (^٤) سُفيانَ عن جابِرٍ بخِلافِ ما رواه أبو الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٣٩٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنيُّ، عن سُفيانَ يَعنِي الثورِيَّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: رأَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رجلًا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"البزار\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٢٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: ب.\n(^٥) محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد، أبو داود بكر الأصبهانى الأردستانى، الإمام الحافظ الجوال، الصالح العابد، وثقة الخطيب وشيرويه، وقال السمعانى: كان حافظا متدينا مكثرا من الحديث. توفى سنة (٤٢٤ هـ)، وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٤١٧، والأنساب ١/ ١٧٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٢٨، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٨٦، و(حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ- ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ١٣٦، ٢٠٠.","vol":"1","page":254},{"text":"يَتَوَضّأُ فبَقِىَ (^١) في رِجلِه لُمعَةٌ، فقالَ: أعِدِ الوُضوءَ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٧ - وعَن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ مِثلَه (^٣).\nوقَد روِى عن عمرَ ما دَلَّ على أن أمرَه بالوُضوء كان على طَريقِ الاستِحبابِ، وإِنَّما الواجِبُ غَسلُ تِلكَ اللُّمعَةِ فقَط:\n\n٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ وعَبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رأى رجلًا وبِظَهرِ قَدَمِه لُمعَةٌ لم يُصِبْها الماءُ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: أبِهَذا الوُضوءِ تَحضُرُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، البَردُ شَديدٌ وما مَعِى ما يُدفِئُنِى. فرَقَّ له بعدَما هَمَّ به، فقالَ له: اغسِلْ ما تَرَكتَ مِن قَدَمِكَ وأَعِدِ الصَّلاةَ. وأَمَرَ له بخَميصَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"و\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٦٣). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٣١٢) من طريق الأعمش به، وتقدم في (٣٢٩).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٦٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٥٠) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٤) الخميصة: كساء مربع من صوف. معالم السنن ١/ ٢١٦، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٠.\nوالأثر عند الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٩، ١١٠، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٦٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٤٩) من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"1","page":255},{"text":"٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ حَمٍّ (^١) المِهرَجانيُّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البيهقي، حدثنا قتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ تَوَضأَ في السّوقِ، فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ووَجهَه وذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ، فمَسَحَ على خُفَّيه بعدَما جَفَّ وُضوءُه وصَلَّى (^٢). وهَذا صَحيحٌ عن ابنِ عمرَ، ومَشهورٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بهَذا اللَّفظ.\nوكانَ عَطاءٌ لا يَرَى بتَفريقِ الوُضوءِ بأسًا (^٣). وهو قَولُ الحسنِ (^٤) والنَّخَعِيِّ (^٥) واصَحُّ قَولَيِ الشافعيِّ (^٦) - ﵁ -.\n\n٤٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن لَيثٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سابِطٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أو عن أخِي أبي أُمامَةَ قال: رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ عن قَومًا على أعقابِ أحَدِهِم مِثلُ مَوضِعِ الدِّرهَمِ، أو مِثلُ مَوضِعِ الظُّفُرِ لم يُصبْه الماءُ، قال: فجَعَلَ يقولُ: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النارِ\" (^٧). قال: وكانَ أحَدُهُم ينظُرُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حسن \".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٦، ٣٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٩٩)، والخلافيات (٢٦٥).\n(^٣) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٢، ١١٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٦٠).\n(^٤) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٤٨).\n(^٥) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٥١، ٤٥٥، ٤٥٨).\n(^٦) الأم ١/ ٣٠، ٣١.\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٠٨ من طريق عبد الواحد به.","vol":"1","page":256},{"text":"فإِذا (^١) رأَى بعَقِبِه مَوضِعًا لم يُصِبْه الماءُ أعادَ وُضوءَه.\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فشَيءٌ اختاروه لأنفُسِهِم، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به: أعادَ وُضوءَ ذلكَ المَوضِعِ فقَط.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-153>بابُ التَّرتيبِ في الوُضوءِ</span>\nاحتَجَّ الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى بظاهِرِ الكِتابِ، ثم بحَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ في صِفَةِ الوُضوءِ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n٤٠١ - واحتَجَّ أيضًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافط، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَنَزِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا محثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابرِ بن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ خَرَجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ وهو يُريدُ الصَّفا يقولُ: \"نَبدأُ بما بَدأَ اللهُ به\". فبَدأَ بالصَّفا (^٤).\n\n٤٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِيُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمد. فذَكَرَه (^٥). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أنه إذا\".\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٣٠. والحديث تقدم في (٢٣١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"العنبرى\". وفي ر: \"المقرئ\". وينظر سير أعلاء النبلاء ١٥/ ٥١٩.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٧٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٧٠)، والنسائي (٢٩٦٩).\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣ - ٤٣٥، وسيأتي في (٨٨٩٧).","vol":"1","page":257},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n٤٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، قال سليمانُ: وحَدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"ابدَءوا بما بدأ اللَّهُ ﷿ به: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ١٥٨].\n\n٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السائب، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه أتاه رجلٌ فقالَ: أبدأُ بالصفا قبلَ المَروَةِ أو بالمَروَةِ قَبلَ الصفا؟ وأُصَلِّي قبلَ أن أطوفَ أو أطوف قبلَ أن أصلِّي؟ وأَحلِقُ قبلَ أن أذبَحَ أو أذبَحُ قبلَ أن أحلِقَ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: خُذْ ذلكَ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فإِنَّه أجدَرُ أن يُحفَظَ، قال اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]. فالصَّفا قبلَ المَروَةِ، وقالَ تعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. الذَّبحُ قبلَ الحَلْقِ، وقالَ تعالَى: ﴿وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٦]. الطَّوافُ قبلَ الصلاةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ٢٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٧٠، ٢٧١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٤ من طريق قبيصة به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٠، ٢٧١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، وابن أبي شبية (١٤٨٩٩).","vol":"1","page":258},{"text":"٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ (^١)، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قالَ: خَطَبَ رجلٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: مَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه فقَد رَشَدَ، ومَن يَعصِهِما فقَد غَوَى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بِئسَ الخَطيبُ أنتَ! قُلْ (^٢): ومَن يَعصِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه فقَد غَوَى\" (^٣). هذا لفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ، وحَديثُ أبي حُذَيفَةَ مُختَصَرٌ، فقالَ: \"قُمْ، بئسَ الخَطيبُ أنتَ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكر بن أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-154>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في البِدايَةِ باليَميِن قبلَ اليَسارِ</span>\n\n٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكر بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَة، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إن كان\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"تمام\".\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، د، س، ب.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٤٧)، وابن حبان (٢٧٩٨) من طريق وكيع به.\nوأبو داود (١٠٩٩، ٤٩٨١)، والنسائى (٣٢٧٩) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٥٨٧٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٠).","vol":"1","page":259},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يُحِبُّ التَّيَمُّنَ في طُهورِه إذا تَطَّهَرَ، وفِي تَرَجُّلِه إذا تَرَجَّلَ، وفِي انتِعالِه إذا انتَعَلَ (^١).\n\n٤٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، فذكَره بإِسنادِه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُعجِبُه التَّيَقُّنُ ما استَطاعَ في شأنِه كُلِّه؛ في تَرَجُّلِه وتنَعُّلِه ووُضوئهِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، ورواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ (^٤) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنباعِ رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عمرو يَعنِي ابنَ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٠١) من طريق أبي الأحوص به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٧)، والبخاري (٤٢٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٨/ ٦٧)، وأبو داود (٤١٤٠)، والنسائي (٤١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٩٢٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٨/ ٦٦).\n(^٤) في س، ب، م: \"القاضي\". وهو أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن شبيب، أبو نصر الفامي الشيبى الخندقي، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة معروف، كان يحضر مجالس الحديث ويكتب الأمالى على كبر سنه، والناس يكتبون عنه لعلو إسناده. توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٧٨)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٦٤.","vol":"1","page":260},{"text":"قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا لَبِستُم وإذا تَوَضّأتُم فابدَءوا بأَيامِنِكُم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-155>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في البِدايَةِ (^٢) باليَسارِ</span>\n\n٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا مَروانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي خالِدٍ، عن زيادٍ يَعنِي مَولَى بنى مَخزومٍ قالَ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فسأَلَه عن الوُضوءِ، فقالَ: أبدأُ باليَمينِ أو بالشِّمالِ؟ فأَضرَطَ عَلِيٌّ به (^٣) ثم دَعا بماءٍ، فبَدأَ بالشِّمالِ قبلَ اليَمينِ (^٤).\nورواه حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ عن إسماعيلَ عن زيادٍ قالَ: قالَ عَلِيٌّ - ﵁ -: ما أُبالِي لَو بَدأتُ بالشِّمالِ قبلَ اليَمينِ إذا تَوَضّأتُ (^٥).\nورواه عَوفٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ هِندٍ قال: قالَ عَلِيٌّ - ﵁ -: ما أُبالِي إذا أتمَمتُ وُضوئى بأَيِّ أعضائى بَدأتُ (^٦). ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مُرادُه بما أطلَقَ في هذا ما فسَّرَه في رِوايَةِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، على أنَّه مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في ر: \"بميامنكم\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٨) من طريق عمرو بن خالد به. وأحمد (٨٦٥٢)، وأبو داود (٤١٤١)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٢)، وابن حبان (١٠٩٠) من طريق زهير به. قال الذهبى ١/ ٩١: هذا غريب فرد.\n(^٢) في ر، م: \"البداءة\".\n(^٣) أضرط به: استخف به وأنكر قوله، وهو من قولهم: تكلم فلان فأضرط به فلان، وهو أن يجمع شفتيه ويخرج من بينهما صوتًا يشبه الضراطة على سبيل الاستخفاف والاستهزاء. النهاية ٣/ ٨٤.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٢٢)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٨٩ من طريق حفص به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٢١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٨٨، ٨٩ من طريق عوف به =","vol":"1","page":261},{"text":"رَوَى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن الأنصارِيِّ عن عَوفٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ هِندٍ هذا الحديثَ، ثم قال: قال عَوفٌ: ولَم يَسمَعْه مِن عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه يَعنِي أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن أبي بَحرٍ قال: أخبرنا أشياخُنا الهِلاليّونَ، سُئلَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ عن الرَّجُلِ يَتَوَضأُ فيَبدأَ بشِمالِه قبلَ يَمينِه، فرَخَّصَ في ذَلِكَ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: سَمِعتُ وكيعًا يقولُ: أبو بَحرٍ الهِلالِيُّ اسمُه أحنَفُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه فُراتُ بنُ أحنَفَ، سمِع أباه، سمِع عبدَ اللَّه الهِلالِيَّ، سمِع ابنَ مَسعودٍ: إن شاءَ بَدأَ في الوُضوءِ بيَسارِهِ. ورَوَى أبو العُبَيدَينِ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رجلٍ تَوَضّأَ فبَدأَ بمَياسِرِه، فقالَ: لا بأسَ (^٣).\nورَوَى سليمانُ بنُ موسَى عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: لا بأسَ أن تَبدأَ برِجلَيكَ قبلَ يَدَيكَ (^٤). قال الدارقُطنيُّ: هذا مُرسَلٌ ولا يَثبُتُ (^٥). وهَذا لأنَّ\n_________\n(^١) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٢١٤).\n(^٢) الأسامى والكنى لأحمد ص ٩٠ (٢٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (٣٢٦)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٨٩، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٢٨٧) من طريق أبي العبيدين به، وقال الدارقطني: صحح.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٢٣)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٨٩، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٢٨٥) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٨٩.","vol":"1","page":262},{"text":"مُجاهِدًا لم يُدرِكْ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-156>بابُ نَهي المُحْدِثِ عن مَسِّ المُصحَفِ</span>\n\n٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكر بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ أبي الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه قال: كان في كِتابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"أن لا تَمَسَّ القُرْآنَ إلا على طُهْرٍ\" (^١).\n\n٤١٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حمزة، عن سليمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي بكر بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كَتَبَ إلى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسُّنَنُ والدِّيَاتُ، وبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: \"ولا يَمَسُّ القُرآنَ إلا طاهِرٌ (^٢) \".\n\n٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكر بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٢١، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٢٨)، وقال الدارقطني: مرسل ورواته ثقات.\n(^٢) في س: \"على طهر\"، وفي م: \"طاهرًا\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٥ - ٣٩٧، وصححه. وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٣١٢)، وابن حبان (٦٥٥٩) من طريق الحكم بن موسى به.","vol":"1","page":263},{"text":"حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، أخبرنا سَعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِي ابنَ ثَوابٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمًا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: قال النبي - ﷺ -: \"لا يمَسُّ القُرآنَ إلا طاهِرٌ (^١) \".\n\n٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقاصٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أُمسِكُ المُصحَفَ على سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقَّاصٍ فاحتَكَكتُ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: لَعَلَّكَ مَسِستَ ذَكَرَكَ. فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقال: قُمْ فتَوَضأْ. فقُمتُ فتَوَضأتُ ثم رَجَعتُ (^٢).\n\n٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا الحَسانيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، أ، ب، م: \"طاهرًا\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"لا تمس القرآن إلا طاهرًا\".\nوالحديث عند الدارقطني ١/ ١٢١ ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٩٨). وأخرجه الطبراني في المعجم الصغير ٢/ ١٣٩ من طريق سعيد بن محمد، وقال: لم يروه عن سليمان بن موسى إلا ابن جريج ولا عنه إلا أبو عاصم، تفرد به سعيد بن محمد. وينظر نصب الراية ١/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤٢، ومن طريقه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٨٤، ١٨٥، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٦). وصحح إسناده الألبانى في الإرواء ١/ ١٦١. وسيأتي في (٦٣٤).","vol":"1","page":264},{"text":"الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قالَ: كُنّا مَعَ سَلمانَ فخَرَجَ فقَضَى حاجَتَه ثم جاءَ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ، لَو تَوَضّأتَ لَعَلَّنا أن نَسأَلَكَ عن آياتٍ. قال: إنِّي لَستُ أمَسُّه، إنَّما ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ (٧٩)﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩].\nفقَرأَ عَلَينا ما شِئنا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ، هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢). ورواه أبو الأحوَصِ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه عن الأعمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن سَلمانَ (^٣).\n\n٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ المُنادِي، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ يَعنِي الأزرَقَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: خَرَجَ عُمَرُ مُتَقَلِّدًا السيفَ (^٥). فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: قيلَ له: إنَّ خَتَنَكَ وأُختَكَ قَد صَبَوا وتَرَكا دينَكَ الذي أنتَ عَلَيهِ. فمَشَى عُمَرُ حَتَّى أتاهُما وعِندَهُما رجلٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ يُقالُ له: خَبّابٌ، وكانوا يَقرَءونَ: ﴿طه﴾. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أعطوني الكِتابَ الذي هو عندَكُم فأَقرأَه. قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ يَقرأُ الكِتابَ. فقالَت أُختُه: إنَّكَ رِجسٌ، وإِنَّه لا يَمَسُّه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٠٦)، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٣، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٤، وقال: كلهم ثقات.\n(^٢) ينظر ما سيأتى في (٤٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٢٣، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٣ وصححه من طريق أبي الأحوص به، وقال الدارقطني: كلهم ثقات.\n(^٤) في ب، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بسيفه\".","vol":"1","page":265},{"text":"إلا المُطَهَّرونَ، فقُمْ فاغتَسِلْ أو تَوَضّأْ. قال: فقامَ عُمَرُ فتَوَضأَ ثم أخَذَ الكِتابَ فقَرأ: ﴿طه﴾ (^١).\nولِهَذا الحديثِ شَواهِدُ كَثيرَةٌ. وهو قَولُ الفُقَهاءِ السَّبعَةِ مِن أهل المَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-157>بابُ نَهي الجُنُبِ عن قراءةِ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبدَكَ (^٣) القَزَّازُ، حدثنا حجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ شُعبَةَ قال: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سلِمةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أَنا ورَجُلانِ؛ رجلٌ مِن قَومِي ورَجُلٌ أحسِبُه مِن بني أسَدٍ، فبَعَثَهُما وجهًا وقالَ: إنَّكما عِلجانِ فعالِجا (^٤) عن دينِكُما. ثم دَخَلَ المَخرَجَ فقَضى حاجَتَه، ثم خَرَجَ فأَخَذَ حَفنَةً مِن ماءٍ فمَسَحَ (^٥) بها، ثم جَعَلَ يَقرأُ القُرآنَ، قال: فكأنَّه رأَى أنا أنكَرنا ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقضِي حاجَتَه فيَقرأُ القُرآنَ ويأكُلُ معنا اللَّحمَ، ولَم يَكُنْ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٢١٩. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٢٣ من طريق ابن المنادى به. وقال: القاسم بن عثمان ليس بقوي. وقال الذهبى ١/ ٩٤: القاسم لا يدرى من هو.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عن الفقهاء السبعة في طبقات الفقهاء ١/ ٦١.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٣٨٤، والمقصد الأرشد ٢/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٤) العِلج: الرجل القوى الضخم. وعالجا: أي مارسا العمل الذي ندبتكما إليه واعملا به. النهاية ٣/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٥) في ب: \"فتمسح\".","vol":"1","page":266},{"text":"يَحجُبُه -وربما قال: يَحجِزُه- عن القُرآنِ شَئٌ لَيسَ الجَنابَةَ (^١).\n\n٤١٨ - رواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ، عن شُعبَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سليمانَ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبي الكَنودِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ الغافِقِيِّ، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: \"إذا تَوَضّأتُ وأَنا جُنُبٌ أكلتُ وشَرِبتُ، ولا أُصَلِّي ولا أقرأُ حَتى أغتَسِلَ\" (^٣). قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لِي مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ مِثلَه. يَعنِي مِن قَولِهِما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٧ من طريق حجاج بن محمد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣١٥)، وأبو داود (٢٢٩). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (١٤٦) من طريق عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف سنن أبي داود (٣٩)، وينظر الإرواء (٤٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٨٧ من طريق ابن وهب به، وقال الهيثمى: فيه ابن لهيعة وفيه ضعف، وفيه من لا يعرف. مجمع الزوائد ١/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٤) ابن وهب- كما في المدونة ١/ ٣٠، ٣١ بنحوه، وينظر مختصر اختلاف العلماء للطحاوى ١/ ١٧٥، والتمهيد ٩/ ١٦٠، والاستذكار ٣/ ٩٨.","vol":"1","page":267},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورواه الواقِدِيُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سليمانَ هَكَذا (^١).\n\n٤٢٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا أيُّوب بنُ سوَيدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، أن عمرَ - ﵁ - كَرِهَ أن يَقرأَ القُرآنَ وهو جُنُبٌ. ورواه غَيرُه عن الثَّورِيِّ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي وائلٍ عن عَبيدَةَ عن عمرَ (^٢)، وهو الصحيحُ.\n\n٤٢١ - وأَخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خميرُويَه (^٣)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ حَيٍّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ السَّمطِ، عن أبي الغَريفِ، عن عليٍّ في الجُنُبِ قال: لا يَقرأُ ولا حَرفًا (^٤).\nورَوَى أبو إسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ عن عليٍّ قال: اقرأَ القُرآنَ على كُلِّ حالٍ ما لم يَكُنْ جُنُبًا (^٥). وهو قَولُ الحسنِ والنَّخَعِيِّ والزُّهرِيِّ وقَتادَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣١٦) من طريق الواقدى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٧) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) في د: \"حيرويه\"، وفي م: \"حميدويه\".\n(^٤) سيأتى تخريجه في (٤٢٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١١١٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٢، ١٣١٥، ١٣٢٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شية (١٠٩٣، ١٠٩٦، ١١٠٠، ١١٠٣، ١١٢١).","vol":"1","page":268},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ أن يَقوأَ الجُنُبُ الآيَةَ ونَحوَها (^١). وروِى عنه أنَّه قال: الآَيَةَ والآيَتَينِ (^٢). ومَن خالَفَه أكثَرُ، وفيهِم إمامانِ، ومَعَهُم ظاهِرُ الخَبَرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-158>بابُ ذِكرِ الحديث الذي ورَدَ في نَهي الحائضِ عن قراءةِ القُرآنِ، وفيه نَظَرٌ</span>\n\n٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ (^٣) وَمُحَمَّد بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عيَّاش، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَقرأُ (^٤) الجنب ولا الحائضُ شيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٥).\nقال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلُ البخاريُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: إنَّما رَوَى هذا إسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر (٦٢٣)، والخلافيات (٣٣٠).\n(^٢) ينظر فضائل القرآن لأبى عبيد ص ٩٩، ١٠٠، والخلافيات (٣٣١).\n(^٣) الحسين بن عمر بن برهان، أبو عبد الله البغدادى الغزال البزاز، قال الخطيب: كان شيخا ثقة صالحا كثير البكاء عند الذكر. وقال الذهبى: الشيخ الثقة الصالح. سمع إسماعيل الصفار وعلى بن إدريس الستورى وأبا جعفر بن البخترى وابن السماك، توفى سنة (٤١٢ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٨٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٤) قال المناوى في فيض القدير ٦/ ٤٥٣: خبر بمعنى النهى. وضبطه الشيخ أحمد شاكر بالكسر، وقال: وهو نهى ... وإن قرئ بضم الهمزة كان نفيا، ومعناه النهى أيضا. ينظر سنن الترمذى ١/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٤٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣١) عن الحسن بن عرفة به. وابن ماجه (٥٩٥، ٥٩٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.","vol":"1","page":269},{"text":"ابنُ عَيّاشٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، ولا أعرِفُه مِن حَديثِ غَيرِه، وإِسماعيلُ مُنكَرُ الحديث عن أهلِ الحِجازِ وأَهلِ العِراقِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى عن غَيرِه عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٢)، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ. وروِى عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن قَولِه في الجُنُبِ والحائضِ والنُّفَساءِ، ولَيسَ بقَوِيٍّ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البيهقي، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الغِطْريفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَرب، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن عمرَ كان يَكرَهُ أن يَقرأَ الجُنُبُ. قال شُعبَةُ: وجَدتُ في صَحيفَتِى: (والحائضُ). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-159>بابُ قراءةِ القُرآنِ بعدَ الحَدَثِ</span>\n\n٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الترمذى عقب (١٣١) بنحوه، وعلله ص ٥٨، ٥٩.\nوإسماعيل هو إسماعيل بن عياش العنسى، أبو عتبة الحمصى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٩١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١٦٣، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٤٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٣٢١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٧٣: صدوق في روايته عن أهل بلده مخلِّط في غيرهم.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١١٧، ١١٨، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٣١٩، ٣٢٠) من طريق المغيرة بن عبد الرحمن وأبى معشر عنه به، وقال الدارقطني: وهذا غريب.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٢١)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٢١، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٣٢٩) عن جابر به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٢٦). وأخرجه الدارمى (١٠٣٢) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":270},{"text":"مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سليمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابن عباسٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ أخبرَه أنَّه باتَ لَيلَةً عِندَ مَيمونَةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، وهِىَ خالَتُه. قال: فاضطَجَعتُ في عَرْضِ الوِسادَةِ، واضطَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَهلُه في طولِها، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا انتَصَفَ اللَّيلُ أو قَبلَه بقَليلٍ أو بَعدَه بقَليلٍ استَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فجَعَلَ يَمسَحُ النَّومَ عن وجهِه بيَدِه، ثم قرأَ العَشرَ الآياتِ الخَواتِمَ مِن سورَةِ \"آلِ عِمرانَ\"، ثم قامَ إلى شَنٍّ (^١) مُعَلَّقَةٍ فتَوَضّأَ مِنها فأَحسَنَ وُضوءَه، ثم قامَ فصلَّى. وذكَر باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىّ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\nوقَد روِى عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ عن أبيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: فرأَيتُه قامَ فاستاكَ ثم تَوَضّأَ وهو يَقرأُ هَذِه الآياتِ: ﴿إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٩٠]. حَتَّى خَتَمَ السّورَةَ (^٤). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ مِهرُويَه (^٥) العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الشن: القربة البالية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٢١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٦٤)، والنسائى (١٦١٩)، وابن ماجه (١٣٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٧٥) وابن حبان (٢٥٩٢). وسيأتي في (٤٧٤٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٨٢)، والبخارى (١٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٤١)، ومسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٩١)، وأبو داود (٥٨، ١٣٥٣)، والنسائى (١٧٠٤) من طريق محمد بن علي به.\n(^٥) في د: \"مهران\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٨). كذا في الأصل بكسر الميم، ونص في التاج ١٤/ ١٦١ (م هـ ر) على فتحها.","vol":"1","page":271},{"text":"المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ السختِيانِي، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ كان في قَومٍ وهو يَقرأُ، فقامَ لِحاجَتِه ثم رَجَعَ وهو يَقرأُ، فقالَ له رجلٌ: لم تَوَضأ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ وأَنتَ تَقرأُ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: مَن أفتاكَ [بهَذا؟ أمُسَيْلِمةُ] (^١)؟!\nورواه هِشامٌ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبي مَريَمَ إياسِ بنِ ضُبَيحٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عُمَرَ. فذكَر مَعناه، ذكَره البخاريُّ في \"التاريخِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ سَلمانَ في سَفَرٍ فانطَلقَ فقَضَى حاجَتَه، ثم جاءَ فقُلنا له: يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ، تَوَضأْ لَعَلَّنا نَسأَلُكَ عن آيٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ. فَقالَ: سَلُوا فإِنِّي لا أمَسُّه، وإِنَّه ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُ إِلَّا الْمُطَهَّرُونَ (٧٩﴾ [الواقعة: ٧٩]. فسأَلناه فقَرأَ عَلَينا قبلَ أن يَتَوَضّأَ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرَوِيُّ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في د، م: \"بهذه المسألة\".\nوالأثر عند مالك ١/ ٢٠٠ بنحوه.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٣٧، ٤٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٦)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٤، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٣ من طريق أبي معاوية به، وقال الدارقطني: كلها صحاح. وينظر ما تقدم في (٤١٥).","vol":"1","page":272},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عامِرِ بنِ السِّمطِ، عن أبي الغَريفِ قال: قال عَلِيٌّ: لا بأسَ أن تَقرأَ القُرآنَ وأَنتَ على غَيرِ وُضوءٍ، فأَمّا وأَنتَ جُنُبٌ فلا، ولا حَرفٌ (^١).\n\n٤٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ قال: حدَّثَني سُفيانُ، عن سليمان بنِ أبي الجَهمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ وابنُ عباسٍ يَقولانَ: إنّا لَنَقرأُ الجُزءَ مِنَ القُرآنِ بعدَ الحَدَثِ. ورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ العَدَنِيُّ عن سُفيانَ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-160>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَذكُرُ اللَّهَ تعالَى على غَيِر طُهْرٍ</span>\n\n٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن خالِدِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن البَهِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ اللَّهَ على كُلِّ أحيانِهِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦١٩) من طريق خالد به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٢)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١١٨ من طريق عامر به، وقال الدارقطني: صحيح عن علي. وتقدم (٤٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ٨٩٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨)، والترمذي (٣٣٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٧) من طريق أبي كريب به. وأحمد (٢٤٤١٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٧٣).","vol":"1","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-161>باب استحباب الطُّهرِ للذِّكرِ والقراءةِ</span>\n\n٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن [حُضَينِ بنِ] (^١) المُنذِرِ أبي ساسانَ، عن المُهاجِرِ بنِ قُنفُذٍ أنَّه سَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَتَوَضّأُ فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن وُضوئه قال: \"إنه لم يَمنَعْنِي أن أرُدَّ عَلَيكَ إلا أني كَرِهتُ أن أذكُرَ اللَّهَ إلا على طَهارَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ (^٣) شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الحسنِ المهرجانيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البيهقي، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الليث، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: لا يَسجُدُ الرَّجُلُ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ، ولا يَقرأُ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ، ولا يُصَلِّى على الجِنازَةِ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ. مَوقوف (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"حصين عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٥٤٠، ٥٤١، ٥٥٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٦١) عن عبد الرهاب به. وأبو داود (١٧)، والنسائى (٣٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٠) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٣).\n(^٣) في الاصل، ب: \"سعد\".\n(^٤) شريك بن عبد الملك بن الحسن بن محمد بن إسحاق الأزهري، أبو سعيد بن أبي نعيم، قال عبد الغافر: جليل ثقة، من بيت العلم والحديث. توفى سنة (٤٣٠ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٨٠٩)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ- ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ٣٠٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حزم في المحلى ١/ ١١٥ من طريق نافع به، وسيأتي في (١١٠٨، ٣٨٣٢).","vol":"1","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-162>جِماعُ أبوابِ الاستِطابَةِ بابُ النَّهي عن استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ واستِدبارِها لِغائطٍ أو بَولٍ</span>\n\n٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ، بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ (^١) أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصبّاحِ الزَّعْفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبي أيوبَ الأنصارِيِّ [عن النبي - ﷺ -] (^٢) قال: \"لا تَستَقبِلوا القِبلَةَ لِغائطٍ ولا بَولٍ، ولا تَستَدبِروها\" (^٣).\nوقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: يَبلُغُ به النبيَّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ والرَّمادِيُّ يَعنِي إبراهيمَ بنَ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، وقالَ (^٤): قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -. وزادَ فيه: \"ولكِن شَرِّقوا أو غَرِّبوا\". قال أبو أيّوبَ: فقَدِمنا الشّامَ فوَجَدنا مَراحيضَ قَد بُنيَت قِبَلَ القِبلَةِ، فكُنّا نَنحَرِفُ عَنها ونَستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ تَعالَى (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"سعد\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٣٢).\n(^٤) يعنى أبا أيوب الأنصارى.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٧٩)، والدارمي (٦٩٢)، وأبو داود (٩)، والترمذي (٨)، والنسائي (٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"1","page":275},{"text":"عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضْرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ علي قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سَلمانَ قال: قيلَ له: قَد عَلَّمَكُم نَبيُّكُم كُل شَئٍ حَتَّى الخِراءَةَ. قال: فقالَ: أجَل، لَقَد نَهانا أن نَستَقبِلَ القِبلَةَ بغائطٍ أو بَولٍ، وأَن نَستَنجِىَ باليَمينِ، أو أن نَستَنجِىَ بأَقَل مِن ثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، أو أن نَستَنجِىَ برَجيعٍ أو بعَظمٍ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو علي الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ (^٤) ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا عبَّاس بنُ محمدٍ الدورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجْلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما أنا لكم مِثلُ الوالِدِ، فإِذا ذَهَبَ أحَدُكُم إلى الغائطِ فلا يَستقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبِرها، وإذا استَطابَ فلا يَستَطِبْ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٩٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧١٩)، وأبو داود (٧)، والترمذي (١٦)، والنسائى (٤١) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٢/ ٥٧).\n(^٤) الحسن بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن الحسن بن محمد بن شاذان، أبو علي بن أبي بكر البغدادى البزار، الإمام الفاضل الصدوق، مسند العراق، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه، وكان صدوقًا، صحيح السماع. وثقة أبو الحسن بن رزقويه وأبو القاسم الأزهرى. توفي سنة (٤٢٥ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٢٧٩، =","vol":"1","page":276},{"text":"بيَمينه\". وكانَ يأمُرُ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، ويَنهَى عن الرَّوْثِ والرِّمَّةِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ قال: حدَّثني القَعقاعُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّما أنا لَكُم مِثْل الوالِدِ أُعَلِّمُكُم، فإِذا ذَهَبَ أحَدُكُم الخَلاءَ (^٢) فلا يَستقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبِرها، ولا يَستَنجِ بيمينه\". وكانَ يأمُرُ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ ويَنهَى عن الرَّوثِ والرِّمَّةِ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو داود الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عمرَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، إلا أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: \"أُعَلِّمُكُم\". قال: \"فإِذا ذَهَبَ أحَدُكُم إلى الغائطِ فلا يَستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبِرها لِغائطٍ ولا بَولٍ، وليستنج بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ\".\nونَهَى عن الرَّوثِ والرِّمَّةِ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبيه مُختَصَرًا (^٥).\n_________\n= وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤١٥. ووقع في تاريخ بغداد: الحسن بن إبراهيم بن أحمد.\n(^١) الروث: رجيع ذوات الحافر، والرمة: العظم البالى. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦٧، ٢٧١.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٨)، وابن ماجه (٣١٢) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٢) في ب: \"إلى الخلاء\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٩)، والنسائى (٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨٠)، وابن حبان (١٤٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٦٥). وعنده: سهيل عن القعقاع عن أبي صالح، وهو الصواب كما أورده المصنف في الخلافيات عقب (٣٣٦). وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ١٥٣، ١٥٨.","vol":"1","page":277},{"text":"٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى يَعنِي ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبي يزيدَ (^١)، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ أبي مَعقِلٍ الأسَدِيِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أن يَستَقبِلَ القِبلَتَينِ ببَولٍ أو بغائطٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ. فذكَره بمثلِه (^٣). قال أبو داودَ (^٤): هو أبو زَيدٍ مَولًى لِبَنِى ثَعلَبَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-163>بابُ الرُّخصةِ في ذلكَ في الأبنيَةِ</span>\n\n٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّان، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حبّان، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إنَّ أُناسًا يَقولونَ: إذا قَعَدتَ على حاجَتِكَ فلا تَستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا بَيتَ المَقدِسِ. قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ: لَقَدِ ارتَقَيتُ على ظَهرِ [بيتٍ لَنا] (^٥)، فرأَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"زيد\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٩٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٩١، ٣٩٢ من طريق موسى به. وأحمد (١٧٨٤٠) من طريق وهيب به. وابن ماجه (٣١٩) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٣٨). وأبو داود (١٠). وقال الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٣): منكر.\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٠). قال الذهبى ١/ ٩٨: لا يدرى من هو.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بيتنا\".","vol":"1","page":278},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - على لَبِنَتَينِ مُستَقبِلًا بَيتَ المَقدِسِ لِحاجَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٤٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى، أن محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ أخبرَه، أن عَمَّه واسِعَ بنَ حَبّانَ أخبرَه قالَ: قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ: لَقَد رَقِيتُ ذاتَ يَومٍ على ظَهرِ بَيْتِنا (^٤)، فرأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدًا على لَبِنَتَينِ لِحاجَتِه مُستَقبِلَ الشّامِ مُستَدبِرَ القِبلَةِ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِيِّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٦).\n\n٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٥). والشافعى في مسنده (٦٥ - شفاء العى)، ومالك ١/ ١٩٣، ١٩٤، ومن طريقه النسائى (٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٥).\n(^٤) في د، س، م: \"بيت لنا\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٤٥)، والصغرى (٦٠)، والحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٦٣.\nوأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٩١)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٢) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٦) البخارى (١٤٩)، ومسلم (٢٦٦/ ٦١).","vol":"1","page":279},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِي بمِصرَ، حدثنى صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى، عن الحسنِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن مَروانَ الأصفَرِ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عمرَ أناخَ راحِلَتَه مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ ثم جَلَسَ يَبولُ إلَيها، فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبد الرحمنِ، ألَيسَ قَد نُهِىَ عن هَذا؟ قال: بَلَى، إنَّما نُهِىَ عن ذلكَ في الفَضاءِ، فإِذا كان بَينَكَ وبَينَ القِبلَةِ شَيءٌ يَستُرُكَ فلا بأسَ (^١).\n\n٤٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عليُّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا صفوانُ بنُ عيسَى. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابن علي الحسينُ بنُ علي الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رافِعٍ (^٣)، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ واللفظ له، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شَوكَرٍ (^٤)، أخبرَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ [بنِ سَعدٍ] (^٥)، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٤٧)، والمعرفة (١٢٨)، والصغرى (٥٩)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٤، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. واخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٠) من طريق صفوان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١)، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٧)، والخلافيات (٣٤٨). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ر: \"نافع\".\n(^٤) في ب: \"شوذب\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٥) زيادة من: م.","vol":"1","page":280},{"text":"إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَني أبانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن جابرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد نَهانا أن نَستَقبِلَ القِبلَةَ أو نَستَدبِرَها بفُروجِنا إذا أهرَقنا الماءَ، ثم قَد رأَيتُه قبلَ مَوتِه بعامٍ يَبولُ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ (^١). ولَيسَ في حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّه (بعامٍ) والباقِى بمَعناه. وقَد أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" مِن حَديثِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، وفيه: فرأَيتُه قبلَ أن يُقبَضَ بعامٍ يَستَقبِلُها (^٢).\n\n٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبي الصَّلتِ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ في خِلافَتِه وعِندَه محِراكُ بنُ مالكٍ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما استَقبَلتُ القِبلَةَ ولا استَدبَرتُها ببَولٍ ولا غائطٍ مُنذُ كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ عِراكٌ: حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَمّا بَلَغَه قَولُ النّاسِ في ذلكَ أمَرَ بمَقعَدَتِه فاستَقبَلَ بها القِبلَةَ (^٣). تابَعَه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ في إقامَةِ إسنادِهِ (^٤). ورواه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٤، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، والدارقطنى ١/ ٥٨، ٥٩ وقال: كلهم ثقات. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٧٢) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. والترمذي (٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وينظر الاستذكار ٢/ ٤٣٣، والعلل للدارقطنى ٦/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥١١) عن علي بن عاصم به، وإسناده ضعيف، خالد بن أبي الصلت لم يسمع من عراك. التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٥٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٤) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"1","page":281},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثقفيُّ عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ عن رجلٍ عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عائشَةَ (^١). وَرواه أبو عَوانَةَ وغَيرُه عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ عن عِراكٍ عن عائشَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الأديبُ، قَدِمَ عَلَينا قَصَبَةَ خُسرَوجِردَ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِي، حدثنا أبو عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٤) محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ بصورَ (^٥)، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الحَلَبِيُّ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ، عن عيسَى الحَنّاطِ (^٦) قال: قُلتُ لِلشَّعبِي وأَنا أعجَبُ مِنِ اختِلافِ أبي هريرةَ وابنِ عمرَ: قال نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عمرَ: دَخَلتُ بَيتَ حَفصةَ فحانَت التِفاتَةٌ، فرأَيتُ كَنيفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ. وَقالَ أبو هريرةَ: إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم الغائطَ فلا يَستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبِرْها. قال الشَّعبِيُّ: صَدَقا جَميعًا، أما قَولُ أبي هريرةَ فهو في الصَّحراءِ، إنَّ للهِ عِبادًا مَلائكَة وجِنٌّ يُصلّونَ، فلا يَستَقبِلْهُم أحَد ببَولٍ ولا غائطٍ ولا يَستَدبِرْهُم، وأَمّا كُنُفُهُم هَذِه فإِنَّما هو بَيتٌ يُبنَى لا قِبلَةَ فيهِ (^٧). وهَكَذا رواه موسَى بنُ داودَ وغَيرُه عن حاتِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٠٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٦٠ من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٢٤، والدارقطنى ١/ ٥٩ من طريق أبي عوانة والقاسم بن مطيب ويحيى بن مطر، ثلاثتهم عن خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٣) قصبة البلاد: مدينتها. وقصبة القرية: وسطها. وخسروجرد: من أعمال نيسابور، وقيل من أعمال إسفرايين، وهى قصبة بيهق. اللسان ١١/ ٦٧٤ (ق ص ب)، ومعجم البلدان ٢/ ٤٤١.\n(^٤) في د: \"الله\".\n(^٥) صور: بلد بساحل بحر الشام. التاج ١٢/ ٣٦٣ (ص ور).\n(^٦) في م: \"الخياط\".\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦١ من طريق حاتم به. وابن ماجه (٣٢٣) من طريق عيسى الحناط به بنحوه.","vol":"1","page":282},{"text":"إسماعيلَ (^١). إلا أن عيسَى بنَ أبي عيسَى الحَنّاطَ هذا هو عيسَى بنُ مَيسَرَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-164>بابُ التَّخَلِّي عِندَ الحاجَةِ</span>\n\n٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شعبَةَ قال: كنت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه، وكانَ إذا ذَهَبَ أبعَدَ في المَذهَبِ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو (^٤) قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺإذا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٦١، ومن طريقه الحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٢٦.\n(^٢) هو عيسى بن أبي عيسى الحناط الغفارى، أبو موسى، ويقال: أبو محمد المدنى الكوفى الأصل. ينظر الكلام عليه في: العلل ومعرفة الرجال ١/ ٢٣٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ١١٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ١٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٢٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٢٢٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٠٠: متروك.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٧١)، وأبو داود (١)، والترمذي (٢٠)، والنسائى (١٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠) من طرق عن محمد بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) في س: \"عمر\". وتقدمت ترجمته في ص ١٩.","vol":"1","page":283},{"text":"أرادَ البَرازَ تَباعَدَ حَتَى لا يَراه أحَدٌ، فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا بفَلاةٍ مِنَ الأرضِ لَيسَ فيها عَلَمٌ ولا شَجَرٌ، فقالَ لي: \"يا جابِرُ، خُذِ الإِداوَةَ وانطَلِقْ بنا\". فملأتُ الإدوة ماءً، وانطَلَقنا فمَشَينا حَتَى لا نكادَ نُرَى، فإِذا شَجَرَتانِ بَينَهُما أذرُعٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"يا جابِرُ، انطَلِقْ فقُلْ لِهَذِه الشَّجَرَةِ: يقولُ لَكِ رسولُ اللَّهِ: الحَقِى بصاحِبتِكِ حَتَّى أجلِسَ خَلفَكما\". ففَعَلتُ، فرَجَفَت (^١) حَتَى لَحِقَت بصاحِبَتِها، فجَلَسَ خَلفَهُما حَتَّى قَضَى حاجَتَه (^٢).\nوروِى في إبعادِ المَذهَب عن ابنِ عمرَ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي قُرادٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٣)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-165>بابُ الارتيادِ (^٤) لِلبَولِ</span>\n\n٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي التَّيَّاحِ، عن رجلٍ قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ ابنُ عباسٍ البَصرَةَ سمِع أهلَ البَصرَةِ يَتَحَدَّثونَ عن أبي موسَى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أحاديثَ،\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"فرجت\"، وفي ر: \"فزحفت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٨، والاعتقاد ص ٣٨٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٥) من طريق إسماعيل به، قال الذهبى ١/ ١٠١: إسماعيل فيه ضعف، ويونس قريب الحال، وهو من رواية العطاردى عنه وفيه مقال.\n(^٣) حديث ابن عمر سيأتى تخريجه في (٤٦٥). وحديث عبد الرحمن بن أبي قراد أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٧١)، والنسائيُّ (١٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥١).\n(^٤) الارتياد: أن يطلب المرء مكانا دمثا لينا منحدرا لئلا يرتد عليه بوله ويرجع عليه رشاشه. التاج ٨/ ١٢١ (رود).","vol":"1","page":284},{"text":"فكَتَبَ إلى أبي موسَى يَسأَلُه عَنها، فكَتَبَ إلَيه أبو موسَى: إن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينَما هو يَمشِى إذ مالَ، فقَعَدَ إلى جَنبِ حائطٍ فبالَ، فقالَ: \"إنَّ بنى إسرائيلَ كان إذا بالَ أحَدُهُم فأَصابَ جَسَدَه البَولُ قَرَضَه بالمَقاريضِ، فإِذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يبول فليَرتَدْ لِبَولِه\" (^١).\nورواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن أبي التَّيّاحِ، قال في الحديثِ: فأَتَى دَمِثًا (^٢) في أصلِ جِدارٍ فبالَ، ثم قال: \"إذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يبول فليَرتَدْ لِبَولِه\".\n\n٤٥١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-166>بابُ الاستِتارِ عِندَ قَضاءِ الحاجَةِ</span>\n\n٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ الحسينِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِيُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي يَعقوبَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ سَعدٍ مَولَى الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: أردَفَنِى رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ خَلفَه فأَسَرَّ إليَّ حَديثًا لا أُحَدِّثُ به أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ، وكانَ أحَبَّ ما استَتَرَ به رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِحاجَتِه هَدَفٌ أو حائشُ نَخلٍ (^٤)، يَعنِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسى (٥٢١)، وأحمد (١٩٥٣٧)، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٦٥ من طريق شعبة به. وإسناده ضعيف. وينظر تحقيق الطيالسى.\n(^٢) الدمث: المكان السهل. معالم السنن ١/ ١٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٣)، وأبو داود (٣)، وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (١).\n(^٤) الهدف: كل ما ارتفع من لأرض، وكل مرتفع هدف، وحائش النخل: مجتمعه، وهو الحش =","vol":"1","page":285},{"text":"حائطَ نَخلٍ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٣ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ السَّمسارُ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ أبي حَزرَةَ (^٣)، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه في مَسجِدِه. فذكَر قِصَّةً، قال: فقالَ جابِرٌ: فذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقضى حاجَتَه فاتَّبَعتُه بإِداوَةٍ مِن ماءٍ، فنَظَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فلَم يَرَ شَيئًا يَستَتِرُ به، فإِذا شَجَرَتانِ بشاطيء الوادِى، فانطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى إحداهُما فأَخَذَ بغُصنٍ مِن أغصانِها، فقالَ: \"انقادِى عليَّ بإِذنِ الله تعالَى\". فانقادت معه كالبَعيرِ المَخشوشِ (^٤) الذي يُصانِعُ قائدَه، حَتَى أتَى الشجَرَةَ الأُخرَى فأَخَذَ بغُصنٍ مِن أغصانِها، فقالَ: \"انقادِى على بإِذنِ الله تعالَى\". فانقادت معه كذَلِكَ، حَتَى إذا كان بالمُنَصَّفِ (^٥) فيما (^٦) بَينَهُما لأَمَ بَينَهُما -يَعنِي جَمَعَهُما- فقالَ:\n_________\n= والحشن أيضا، ولا واحد للحائش من لفظه. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ١٠٤.\n(^١) حائط نخل: البستان من النخل إذا كان عليه حائط، وهو الجدار. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٤٦٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٥)، وأبو داود (٢٥٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣) من طرق عن مهدى بن ميمون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٤٢/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"جززة\"، وفي د: \"حرزة\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٤) المخشوش: البعير الذي يجعل في أنفه خِشاش، وهو عود يجعل في أنف البعير إذا كان صعبًا ويشد فيه حبل ليذل وينقاد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ١٤٣.\n(^٥) كذا ضبطت في الأصل. وصرح النووى في شرح مسلم ١٨/ ١٤٣ بضبطها بفتح الميم، وكذلك في مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: هو في حاشية أصل مصححا عليه: \"مما\".","vol":"1","page":286},{"text":"\"التَئما عليَّ بإِذنِ اللهِ تعالَى\". فألتأَمتا. قال جابِرٌ: فجَلَستُ أُحَدِّثُ نَفسِى فقامَت مِنِّى لَفتَةٌ، فإِذا أنا برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُقبِلٌ، وإِذا الشَّجَرَتانِ قَدِ افتَرَقَتا، فقامَت كُلُّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما على ساقٍ. وذكَر باقِىَ الحَديث (^١). وواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هاوون بنِ مَعروفٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكر، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وعَمرُو بنُ الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن حُصَينٍ (^٣) الحُبرانِيِّ، عن أبي سَعدِ الخَيرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"من أتَى الغائطَ فليَستَتر، فإن لم يَجِد إلا كَثيبًا من رَملٍ يَجمَعُه ثم يَستَدبِرُه، فهنَّ الشياطين يَلعَبونَ بمَقاعِدِ بنى آدَمَ، من فعَلَ فقَد أحسَنَ، ومَن لا فلا حَرَجَ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-167>بابُ وضعِ الخاتَم عِندَ دُخولِ الخَلاءِ</span>\n\n٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٧ - ١٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٥، ٦٣٤، ١٥٣٢) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٠٦/ ٣٠١٤) مطولًا.\n(^٣) في م: \"حسن\"خطأ.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٣٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وابن ماجه (٣٣٧)، وابن حبان (١٤١٠) من طريق ثور به، وقال المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٠١: ليس بالقوى. وستأتى تتمة الحديث في (٥١١).","vol":"1","page":287},{"text":"حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ رحِمه الله تعالَى إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ فهدٍ، حدثنا حجَّاج بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا هَمّامَ صاحِبُ البَصرِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزَّهريِّ، عن أنسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان إذا دَخَلَ الخَلاءَ وضَعَ خاتَمَه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجَّاجٍ. وفِي حَديثِ هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: ولا أعلَمُه إلا عن الزَّهريِّ عن أنسٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزَّهريِّ عن أنسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - اتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن ورِقٍ، ثم ألقاه (^٢).\nقال الشيخ: هذا هو المَشهورُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ دونَ حَديثِ همَّامٍ.\n\n٤٥٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأنطاكِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ البَصرِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهريِّ، عن أنسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - لَبِسَ خاتَمًا نَقشُه (محمدٌ رسولُ اللَّه)، فكانَ إذا دَخَلَ الخَلاءَ وضَعَه (^٣). وهَذا شاهِدٌ ضَعيفٌ، والله أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٤١٣) من طريق هدبة بن خالد به. والترمذى (١٧٤٦) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به، وقال: حسن غريب. وأبو داود (١٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٣)، والنسائى (٥٢٢٨) من طريق همام به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٩). والورِق: الفضة. النهاية ٥/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (١٨٩) من طريق يحيى بن المتوكل به. =","vol":"1","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-168>بابُ ما يقولُ اذا أرادَ دُخولَ الخَلاءِ</span>\n\n٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ البيهقي، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا دخَلَ الخلاء قال: \"اللهم إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الخُبُثِ والخَبائثِ\" (^١). قال البخاريُّ: قال موسَى، عن حَمّاد. فذَكَرَه (^٢). ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ: إذا أتَى الخَلاءَ. وقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ: إذا أرادَ أن يَدخُلَ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٥) القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤)، والترمذى (٦) من طريق حماد به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (١٤٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٧٥/ ١٢٢).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (١٤٢).\n(^٥) في س: \"الحسين\". وتقدمت ترجمته في ص ١٤٨، ١٤٩.","vol":"1","page":289},{"text":"أرادَ الخَلاءَ قال: \"أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الخُبُثِ والخَبائثِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إن هَذِه الحُشوشَ (^٢) مُحتَضَرَةٌ، فإذا أتَى أحَدُكُم الخَلاءَ فليقُلْ: أعوذُ باللهِ مِنَ الخُبثِ والخَبائثِ\" (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رواه مَعمَرٌ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وأبو الجُماهِرِ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٥). ورواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ [عن قَتادَةَ] (^٦) عن القاسِمِ بنِ عَوفٍ الشيبانِى عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤) عن مسدد به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٦٦٤) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٢) الحشوش واحدها حش بحاء مثلثة: الكنف التى تقضى فيها الحاجة، وأصل الحش جماعة النخل الكثيفة، وكانوا يقضون حوائجهم إليها قبل أن يتخذوا الكنف في البيوت. ينظر معالم السنن ١/ ١٠، وتاج العروس ١/ ١٤٦ (ح ش ش).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٧١٤)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨٦)، وأبو داود (٦)، والترمذى في العلل الكبير ص ٢٢، والنسائى في الكبرى (٩٩٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٦)، وابن حبان (١٤٠٨) من طريق شعبة به. صحيح. وينظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى في الدعاء (٣٥٥) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) رواية ابن علية أخرجها النسائى في الكبرى (٩٩٠٤)، والطبرانى (٥١٠٠). ورواية أبي الجماهر أخرجها ابن بشران في أماليه (٧٨٠) من طريق سعيد بن بشير عن قتادة عن النضر بن أنس به. والطبرانى في الدعاء (٣٦٤) من طريقه عن سعيد بن بشير عن قتادة عن القاسم بن عوف الشيبانى به.\n(^٦) ليس في: م.\n(^٧) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٩٩٠٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (١٩٣٣١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٦)، من طرق عن سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.","vol":"1","page":290},{"text":"وقال أبو عيسَى (^١): قُلتُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ يَعنِي البُخارِيَّ: أيُّ الرِّواياتِ عندَكَ أصحُّ؟ فقالَ: لعل قَتادَةَ سمِع مِنهُما جميعًا عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ. ولَم يَقضِ في هذا بشيءٍ. قال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقيل: عن مَعمَرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن أنَسٍ، وهو وهمٌ.\nقال أبو سليمانَ (^٢): الخُبُثُ بضمِّ الباءِ جَماعَةُ الخَبيثِ، والخَبائثُ جَمعُ الخَبيثَةِ، يُريدُ ذُكرانَ الشَّياطينِ وإِناثَهُم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-169>بابُ تَغطيَةِ الرأسِ عِندَ دُخولِ الخَلاءِ، والاعتماد على الرِّجلِ اليُسرَى إذا قَعَدَ إن صَحَّ الخَبرُ فيهِ</span>\n\n٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونسَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ الخَلاءَ غَطَّى رأسَه، وإِذا أتَى أهلَه غَطَّى رأسَه (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وهَذا الحديث أحَدُ ما أُنكِرَ على محمدِ بنِ يونسَ الكُدَيمِيِّ (^٤). أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ في هذا الحديث:\n_________\n(^١) العلل الكبير ص ٢٢، ٢٣.\n(^٢) معالم السنن ١/ ١٠. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٨، والفائق ١/ ٣٤٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٩٥، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ١٨٢، ٧/ ١٣٨، ١٣٩ من طريق محمد بن يونس به.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن يونس بن موسى القرشى الكديمى، أبو العباس البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٣١٢، وتاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٤٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٦٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٠٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٢٢: ضعيف.","vol":"1","page":291},{"text":"لا أعلَمُه رواه غَيرُ الكُدَيمِيِّ بهَذا الإسناد، والكديميُّ أظهَرُ أمرًا مِن أن يُحتاجَ إلى أن يُبَيَّنَ ضَعفُه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وروِى في تَغطيَةِ الرّأسِ عِندَ دُخولِ الخَلاءِ عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ (^٢)، وهو عنه صَحيحٌ. ورواه (^٣) أيضًا عن حَبيبِ بنِ صالِحٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا:\n\n٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصِّبغِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، عن حَبيبِ بنِ صالِحٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ الخَلاءَ لَبِسَ حِذاءَه وغَطَّى رأسَه (^٤).\n\n٤٦٢ - وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن زمعة (^٥)، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا سُراقَةُ بنُ جُعْشُمٍ فقالَ: عَلَّمَنا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُنا\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٩٦.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٣١٦)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٣٤.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، ولعلها: \"وروِى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٣٨٣ من طريق أبي بكر به. قال الذهبى ١/ ١٠٤: وأبو بكر ضعيف.\n(^٥) في الأصل، ر، س، د، م: \"ربيعة\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه زمعة\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (٤٣٤٣). والمهذب للذهبى ١/ ١٠٥.","vol":"1","page":292},{"text":"الخلاء أن يعتمد على اليسرى وينصب اليمنى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-170>بابٌ: كيف التَّكَشُّفُ عند الحاجة</span>؟\n\n٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن رجلٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أرادَ حاجَةً لا يَرفَعُ ثَوبَه حَتَّى يَدنوَ مِنَ الأرضِ (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: ورواه عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ (^٣) عن الأعمَشِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ العَدْلُ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرازيُّ قال: حدَّثَني سَهلُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ. فذكَره بمَعناه كما قال أبو داودَ، إلا أنَّه قال: حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الأرضَ (^٥).\nورواه عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ عن عبدِ السَّلامِ قال: حَتَّى يَدنُوَ مِنَ الأرضِ (^٦).\n\n٤٦٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٦٠٥) من طريق زمعة بن صالح عن محمد بن أبي عبد الرحمن -وصوابه محمد بن عبد الرحمن- به. وينظر المطالب العالية (٤٨). وقال الذهبى ١/ ١٠٥: محمد بن عبد الرحمن وهذا مجهول كشيخه.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤).\n(^٣) بعده في، س، م: \"وكيع\".\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٤)، وقال: وهو ضعيف.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (١٤) من طريق عبد السلام به، وقال: مرسل.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارمى (٦٩٣) عن عمرو بن عون به.","vol":"1","page":293},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلي، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ المصيصيُّ شَيخٌ جَليلٌ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ الحاجَةَ [تَنَحَّى ولا] (^١) يَرفَعُ ثيابَه حَتَى يَدنوَ مِنَ الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-171> بابُ ما يقولُ إذا خَرَجَ مِنَ الخَلاءِ</span>\n\n٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، عن يوسُفَ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ مِنَ الغائطِ (^٣) قال: \"غُفرانَكَ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"تنحى لا\". وفي د: \"لا\".\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ٩٢، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٤٥) عن وكيع عن الأعمش قال: قال ابن عمر. وينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (١٠٧١).\n(^٣) في د: \"الخلاء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٠٧)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٦٩٣)، والترمذى (٧) من طريق إسرائيل بن يونس به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٢٠)، وأبو داود (٣٠) من طريق أبي النضر هاشم بن القاسم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣).","vol":"1","page":294},{"text":"٤٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ (^١)، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٢). وذكَر فيه سَماعَ أبي بُردَةَ مِن عائشةَ - ﵂ -.\n\n٤٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرنَا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه وزادَ عليه: \"غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ\". قال ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ: وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، بهَذا الإسنادِ مِثلَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ في هذا الحديثِ لم أجِدْها إلا في رِوايَةِ ابنِ خُزَيمَةَ وهو إمام، وقَد رأَيتُه في نُسخَةٍ قَديمَةٍ لِكِتابِ ابنِ خُزَيمَةَ لَيسَ فيه\n_________\n(^١) مرو: مدينة بفارس معروفة. معجم ما استعجم ٤/ ١٢١٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٨. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٩٩٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٠) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به.\n(^٤) صحيح ابن خزيمة (٩٠)، بدون الزيادة. وينظر تعليق المصنف الآتى.","vol":"1","page":295},{"text":"هَذِه الزِّيادَةُ، ثم أُلحِقَت بخَطٍّ آخَرَ بحاشيَتِه، فالأشبَهُ أن تكونَ مُلحَقَةً بكِتابِه مِن غَيرِ عِلمِه، والله أعلمُ. وقَد أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ الصابونِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ قال: حدثنا جَدِّى. فذكَره دونَ هَذِه الزيادَةِ، فصَحَّ بذَلِكَ بُطلانُ هَذِه الزيادَةِ في الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-172>بابُ النَّهي عن البَولِ في الماءِ الرَّاكِد</span>\n\n٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحسنِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ (^٣) ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الفاكهيُّ بمَكَةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الليث (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه نَهَى أن يُبالَ في الماءِ الرّاكِدِ (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر البدر المنير ٢/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٢) في ب: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) في ب، د: \"البرار\"، وفي م: \"البزار\".\n(^٤) في س، د، م: \"ميسرة\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٤٤.\n(^٥) أبو محمد الفاكهى في فوائده (١٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٧٥)، والنسائى (٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣) من طرق عن الليث به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٨١/ ٩٤).","vol":"1","page":296},{"text":"٤٧٢ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى إملاءً، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا يُبَالُ في الماءِ الرَّاكِدِ الذي لا يجرِي ثم يُغتَسَلُ مِنه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-173>بابُ النهي عن التَّخَلِّي في طَريقِ النّاسِ (^٣) وظِلِّهِم</span>\n\n٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيل بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اتَّقوا اللَّاعِنَينِ\". قالوا: وما اللَّاعِنانِ يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ قال: \"الذي يَتَخَلَّى في طَريقِ النّاسِ وظِلِّهِم\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٩٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٨٦)، والترمذى (٦٨)، وأخرجه النسائى (٣٩٥) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٢/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) في س: \"المسلمين\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٧)، وابن حبان (١٤١٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٦٩/ ٦٨).","vol":"1","page":297},{"text":"الفَضلِ الشَّعرانيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَني نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثني حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أن أبا سعيدٍ الحِميَرِيَّ حدَّثه، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \" اتَّقوا المَلاعِنَ الثلاثَ؛ البَرازَ في المَوارِدِ، وقارِعَةِ الطَّريقِ، والظلِّ\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٥ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: قال رجلٌ لأَبِي هريرةَ: أفتَيتَنا في كُلِّ شَئٍ حَتَّى يوشِكَ أن تُفتيَنا في الخُرءِ (^٢). قال: فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن سَلَّ سَخيمَتَه (^٣) على طَريق عامِر مِن طَريقِ المُسلِمينَ فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ الله والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمدِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا هِقْلٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٧، وعنده: والظل للخراءة. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٨) من طريق نافع بن يزيد به. قال ابن حجر: فيه نظر؛ لأن أبا سعيد لم يسمع من معاذ، ولا يُعرف هذا الحديث بغير هذا الإسناد. التلخيص ١/ ١٠٥. وحسنه الألبانى في إرواء الغليل ١/ ١٠٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"الخراءة\". والخرء بالضم: العذرة. القاموس المحيط ١/ ١٤ (خ ر أ).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"سخينته\"، وفي ب: \"سخينتيه\". والسخيمة: الغائط. النهاية ٢/ ٨٩١.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٦. وعنده: \"المثنى\" بدل \"أبو المثنى\"، وصحح إسناده. وأخرجه الطبرانى الأوسط (٥٤٢٦) من طريق كامل بن طلحة به. قال الذهبى ١/ ١٠٧: هذا حديث منكر. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٠٥: إسناده ضعيف.","vol":"1","page":298},{"text":"الأوزاعِيُّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةِ قال: يُكرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أن يَبولَ في هَواءٍ، وأَن يَتَغَوَّطَ على رأسِ جَبَلٍ كأَنَّه طَيرٌ واقِعٌ (^١). هَكَذا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن الأوزاعِيِّ.\n\n٤٧٧ - وقَد رواه يوسُفُ بنُ السَّفْرِ (^٢)، وهو مَتروكٌ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى، عن (^٣) أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ البَولَ في الهَواءِ. أخبرَه أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِهِ. قال أبو أحمدَ: هو مَوضوعٌ (١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-174>بابُ النَّهي عن البَولِ في مُغتَسَلِه أو مُتَوَضَّئِه ثم يَتَطَهَّرُ فيه كَراهَةَ أن يُصيبَه شيءٌ مِنَ البَولِ عِندَ صَبِّ الماءِ</span>\n\n٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، أخبرني أشعَثُ، عن الحسنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يبولنَّ أحَدُكُم في مُستَحَمَّه ثم يَغتَسِلُ فيه أو يَتَوَضّأُ فيه، فإِنَّ عامَّةَ الوَسواس مِنه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٢٠.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٨٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، وأحمد (٢٠٥٦٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٨)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٠٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢١)، والنسائى (٣٦) من طريق معمر به، وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب؛ لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من حديث أشعث بن عبد الله.","vol":"1","page":299},{"text":"أَورَدَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ:\n\n٤٧٩ - أخبرَناه أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ علي قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ. فذكَره إلا أنه قال في حَديثِ الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ: عن أشعَثَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه (^١).\nوفيما بَلَغَنِى عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيُّ أنه قال: لا يُعرَفُ هذا الحديثُ إلا مِن هذا الوَجهِ (^٢).\nوَيُروَى أن أشعثَ هذا هو ابنُ جابِرٍ الحدَّانيُّ. ورَوَى مَعمَرٌ فقالَ: أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه عن الحَسَنِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ: هو أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ جابِرٍ. وقَد ذكَره البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن [سعيدِ بنِ أبي الحسنِ] (^٤)، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ البَولَ في المُغتَسَلِ، وقالَ: إنَّ مِنه الوَسواسَ. كَذا رواه يَزيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٩)، وأبو داود (٢٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢).\n(^٢) علل الترمذى الكبير ص ٢٩.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٤) في س: \"سعيد عن أبي الحسن\"، وفي م: \"سعيد عن الحسن بن أبي الحسن\".","vol":"1","page":300},{"text":"إبراهيمَ التُّستَرِيُّ.\n\n٤٨١ - ورواه سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ صُهبانَ، عن ابنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: نُهِىَ أو زُجِرَ أن يُبالَ في المُغتَسَلِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^١).\n\n٤٨٢ - ورواه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢) سمِع عُقبَةَ بنَ صُهْبانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَبولُ في مُغتَسَلِه قال: يُخافُ مِنه الوَسواسُ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن داودَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، عن حُمَيدٍ الحِميَرِيِّ وهو ابنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: لَقيتُ رجلًا صَحِبَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كما صَحِبَه أبو هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَمتَشِطَ أحَدُنا كُلَّ يَومٍ، أو يَبولَ في مُغتَسَلِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"أنه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٠٨)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٦/ ٤٣١، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ٢٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠١١) من طريق زهير به. والنسائى (٢٣٨) من طريق داود به.=","vol":"1","page":301},{"text":"/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-175> بابُ النَّهي عن البَولِ في الثَّقبِ</span>\n\n٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العنبريُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ سعيدٍ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ المُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّد بنُ بَشَّارٍ وعبَّاس العنبريُّ وإِسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ - قال إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ: أخبرَنا (^١). وقالَ الآخَرونَ: حدثنا -مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، قال: حدَّثني أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سَرجِسَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يبولن أحَدُكُم في الجُحرِ، وإذا نِمتُم فأَطفِئوا السِّراجِ؛ فهن الفأرَةَ تأخُذُ الفَتيلَةَ فتُحرِقُ على أهلِ البَيتِ، وأَوكِئوا الأسقيَةَ، وخَمِّروا الشرابَ، وأَغلِقوا الأبوابَ\" (^٢). فقيلَ لِقَتادَةَ: وما يُكرَهُ مِنَ البَولِ في الجُحرِ؟ فقالَ: إنَّها مَساكِنُ الجِنِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-176>بابُ البَولِ في الطَّست وغَيِر ذلكَ مِنَ الأوانِي</span>\n\n٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ سَعدٍ السمَّان، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قيلَ لِعائشَةَ: إنَّهُم يَقولونَ: إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أوصَى إلى عليٍّ. فقالَت: بم أوصَى إلى عَلِي؟ وقَد رأَيتُه دَعا بطَستٍ\n_________\n= وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣). وسيأتي في (٩٢٨، ٩٢٩).\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٦، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن سعيد عن معاذ به. وابن الجارود (٣٤) عن إسحاق بن منصور عن معاذ به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٧٥)، وأبو داود (٢٩) من طريق معاذ به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٨).","vol":"1","page":302},{"text":"ليَبولَ فيها وأنا مُسنِدَتُه إلى صَدرِى، فانخَنَثَ (^١) - أو قالَت: فانخَنَثَت (^٢) - فماتَ وما شَعَرتُ، فبِمَ يقولُ هَؤُلاءِ إنَّه أوصَى إلى عَلِيٍّ؟! (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أزهَرَ، ورواه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^٤). وإِبراهيمُ هذا يُقالُ: هو إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ شَريكٍ التَّيمِيُّ.\n\n٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الفقيهُ بالرَّيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن حُكَيمَةَ بنتِ أُمَيمَةَ بنتِ رُقَيقَةَ (^٥)، عن أُمِّها قالَت: كان لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قَدَح مِن عَيدانٍ (^٦) تَحتَ سَريرِه يَبولُ فيه باللَّيلِ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ب: \"فانخنس\". قال الزبيدى: أخنث أى تثنى وتكسر. وفي حديث عائشة: فانخنث في حجرى ... أى فانثنى وانكسر لاسترخاء أعضائه - ﷺ - عند الموت. تاج العروس ٥/ ٢٤٠ (خ ن ث).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فانخنث\". وانخنثت: أى نفسه، كما جاء في رواية النسائى.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٢٦. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٣) من طريق أزهر به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٣٩)، والترمذى في الشمائل (٣٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٦٢٦) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٤٥٩)، ومسلم (١٦٣٦/ ١٩).\n(^٥) في ب: \"رقية\". وينظر الإصابة ١٣/ ١٦٤.\n(^٦) العيدان بفتح العين: النخلة الطوال المتجردة من السعف من أعلاه إلى أسفله، جمع عيدانة. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ١١.\n(^٧) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤)، والنسائى (٣٢)، وابن حبان (١٤٢٦) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٩): حسن صحيح.","vol":"1","page":303},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-177>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الكَلامِ على الخَلاءِ</span>\n\n٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رجلًا سَلَّمَ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - وهو يَبولُ فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِ (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ ابنُ عَمّارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عياضٍ، حدَّثَني أبو سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَخرُجِ الرَّجُلانِ يَضرِبانِ الغائطَ كاشِفَينِ عن عَورَتِهِما يَتَحَدَّثانِ؛ فإنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى يَمقُتُ على ذلكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الحَفيدُ (^٤)، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا سَلْمُ (^٥) بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٧٢٠) من طريق محمد بن يوسف الفريابى به، وأبو داود (١٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٣)، والنسائى (٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧٣) من طرف عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٠/ ١١٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥)، وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"الحميد\".\n(^٥) في س، د، م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢١٢.","vol":"1","page":304},{"text":"إبراهيمَ الورَّاقُ، حدثنا عِكرِمَة بن عَمَّارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ هِلالٍ (^١). فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيم بن عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبهانيُّ قالَ: قالَ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ عَقِيبَ هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ: هذا هو الصَّحيحُ، هذا الشيخُ هو عياضُ بنُ هِلالٍ، رَوَى عنه يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ غَيرَ حَديثٍ، وأَحسِبُ الوَهْمَ مِن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ حينَ قالَ: عن هِلالِ بنِ عياضٍ (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ قالَ: قالَ أبو داودَ: ولَم يُسنِدْه إلا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عليٌّ بنَ حَمشاذَ يقولُ: سَمِعت موسَى بنَ هارونَ يقول: حدثنا محمد بن الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) عياض بن هلال، قيل فيه: هلال بن عياض كما في الرواية السابقة. وقيل: عياض بن عبد الله. وقيل: عياض بن أبي زهير الأنصارى. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢١، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٤٠٨، وثقات ابن حبان (٥/ ٢٦٥) وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٥٧٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٩٦: مجهول.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٠)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٧، وقال: صحيح من حديث يحيى بن أبي كثير عن عياض بن هلال. وقال الذهبى: صحيح، وبعضهم قال: هلال بن عياض، وهو وهم. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧١) من طريق سلم بن إبراهيم الوراق به. وأحمد (١١٣١٠)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٣٢، ٣٣) من طرق عن عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٧١).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٥).","vol":"1","page":305},{"text":"الأوزاعِى، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيبر، عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-178>بابُ البَولِ قائمًا</span>\n\n٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيىَ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانيُّ، أخبرنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قامَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى سُباطَةِ (^٢) قَومٍ فبالَ قائمًا، فَتَنَحَّيتُ عنه فقالَ: \"ادنُه\". فدَنَوتُ، ثم تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين \" مِن حَديثِ الاْعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٢ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن أبي وائلٍ شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ قال: لَقَد رأَيتُنِى أنا ورسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَتَماشَى، فأَتَى سُباطَةَ قَومٍ خَلفَ الحائطِ فبالَ كما يَقومُ أحَدُكُم، قال: فانتَبَذتُ فأَشارَ إليَّ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) السباطة: الموضع الذي يرمى فيه التراب والأوساخ وما يكنس من المنازل. النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٤١)، وأبو داود (٢٣)، والترمذى (١٣)، والنسائى (١٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٥، ٥٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦١) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٣/ ٧٣).","vol":"1","page":306},{"text":"فجِئتُ فقُمتُ عِندَ عَقِبَيه حَتَى فرَغَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أتَى سُباطَةَ قَومٍ فبالَ قائمًا. فلَقيتُ (^٣) مَنصورًا فسألته فحَدَّثَنيه عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أتَى سُباطَةَ قَومٍ فبالَ قائمًا (^٤). كَذا رواه عاصِمُ بنُ بَهدَلَةَ وحَمَّادُ بنُ أبي سليمانَ عن أبي وائلٍ عن المُغيرَةِ (^٥)، والصَّحيحُ ما رَوَى مَنصورٌ والأعمَشُ عن أبي وائلٍ عن حُذَيفَةَ، كَذا قالَه أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ (^٦) وجَماعَةٌ من الحُفّاظِ.\nوقَد روِى في العِلَّةِ في بَولِه قائمًا حَديثٌ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٤٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٣/ ٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢)، وابن حبان (١٤٢٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٥).\n(^٣) الكلام لشعبة.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٤٠٧)، ومن طريقه الترمذى في العلل ص ٢٥، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦) وعنده عن منصور فقط. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٢٢)، والبخارى (٢٢٦، ٢٤٧١)، والنسائى (٢٧)، من طريق شعبة عن منصور به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣) من طريق عاصم وحماد به.\n(^٦) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٢٥.","vol":"1","page":307},{"text":"٤٩٤ - أخبرَناه أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُذَكِّرُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ ماهانَ الهَمذَانِيُّ الكَرابيسِيُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عِمرانَ موسَى بنُ سعيدٍ الحَنظَلِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ ماهانَ الكَرابيسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ غَسَّانَ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - بالَ قائمًا مِن جُرحٍ كان بمَأبِضِهِ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ (^٣) رحِمه الله تعالَى: وقَد قيلَ: كانَتِ العَرَبُ تَستَشفِى لِوَجَعِ الصُّلبِ بالبَولِ قائمًا. فلعلَّه كان به إذ ذاكَ وجَعُ الصُّلبِ، وقَد ذكَره الشافعيُّ رحِمه الله تعالَى بمَعناه (^٤)، وقيل: إنَّما فعَلَ ذلكَ لأنَّه لم يَجِدْ لِلقُعودِ مَكانًا أو مَوضعًا، والله أعلَمُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"المهرجانى\". وهو أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم، أبو سهل المهرانى المزكى، سمع أبا بكر النجاد ببغداد وحامدًا الرفاء، روى عنه المصنف، توفى سنة (٤٢٠ هـ) تقريبا. ينظر تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ-٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٩٣.\n(^٢) المَأبض: هو باطن الركبة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٥، ٤/ ٨٨.\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ١٨٢، وقال: حديث صحيح، تفرد به حماد بن غسان، ورواته كلهم ثقات. وقال الذهبي معلقا عليه: حماد ضعفه الدارقطني. وقال في المختصر ١/ ١١٠: هذا منكر.\n(^٣) هو المصنف، وقد أورد هذا الكلام بنصه في المعرفة ١/ ١٩٧. وقد تكررت هذه الصيغة في الكتاب مقصودا بها المصنف.\n(^٤) عزاه ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ٣٣٠ للشافعى وأحمد، ولعله ذكر أحمد اعتمادًا على ما جاء في السياق\nالسابق من قول ناقل السنن: (قال الإمام أحمد) فظنه ابن حجر الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، فذكره مع الشافعي. وكذلك فإن البيهقى إنما عزاه للشافعى فقط، والله أعلم.\n(^٥) ينظر المعرفة ١/ ١٩٧، وفتح البارى ١/ ٣٣٠.","vol":"1","page":308},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-179>بابُ البَولِ قاعِدًا</span>\n\n٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرْجِسِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ قالَ: كُنتُ أنا وعَمرُو بنُ العاصِ جالِسَينِ، فخَرَجَ عَلَينا رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وفِي يَدِه دَرَقَةٌ (^٢)، فبالَ وهو جالِسٌ، فتَكَلَّمنا فيما بَينَنا فقُلنا: يَبولُ كما تَبولُ المَرأَةُ، فأَتانا فقالَ: \"أما تَدرونَ ما لَقِىَ صاحِبُ بنى إسرائيلَ؟ كان إذا أصابَهُم بَولٌ قَرَضوه فنَهاهُم فتَرَكوه، فعُذِّبَ في قَبرِهِ\" (^٣). زادَ فيه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُه: فاستَتَرَ بها، فبالَ وهو جالِسٌ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحسن بن علي بن المؤمل بن الحسن بن عيسى بن ماسرجس، أبو محمد الماسرجسى النيسابورى، قال عبد الغافر: الثقة العدل، من بيت العلم والعدالة. وقال الذهبى: كان ثقة جليلا. توفى سنة (٤٠٧ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٤٨٤)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ١٥٨.\n(^٢) الدرقة: الترس من جلد ليس فيه خشب ولا عصب. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٩١.\n(^٣) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر ص ١٢٣ (١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٥٨)، وأبو داود (٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦)، والنسائى (٣٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦). وينظر ما سيأتى في (٥١٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الحميدى (٨٨٢) - ومن طريقه الحاكم ١/ ١٨٤، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢) من طريق ابن عيينة دون هذه الزيادة.","vol":"1","page":309},{"text":"حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما بالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - قائمًا مُنذ أُنزِلَ (^١) عليه الفُرقانُ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ الحسينِ بنِ حَفصٍ: سورَةُ \"الفُرقانِ\". ورواه بَعضُهُم فقالَ: القُرآنُ أوِ الفُرقانُ.\n\n٤٩٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، أخبرنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تُقسِمُ باللهِ ما رأَى أحَدٌ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَبولُ قائمًا مُنذُ أُنزِلَ عليه الفُرقانُ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيج، أخبرني عبدُ الكَريمِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أنزلت\".\n(^٢) في م: \"القرآن\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ١٨٥. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢)، والنسائى (٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧) من طريق المقدام به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"القرآن\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ١٨٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، وقال: وكأنهما تركاه لمعارضته خبر حذيفة.","vol":"1","page":310},{"text":"نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قالَ عُمَرُ: رآنِى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أبول قائمًا فقالَ: \"يا عُمَرُ، لا تَبُلْ قائمًا\". قال: فما بُلتُ قائمًا بَعدُ (^١). عبدُ الكَريمِ هذا هو ابنُ أبي المُخارِقِ، رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ فنَسَبوه. وعَبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ أبي المُخارِقِ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إلممحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثئا ابنُ وهبٍ أخبرَنِي مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّه رأَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ بالَ قائمًا (^٣). وهَذا يُضَعِّفُ حَديثَ عبدِ الكَريمِ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا البَولَ قائمًا عن عمرَ وعَلِيٍّ وسَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٠٠ - وأَنبأَنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: البَولُ قائمًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (١٤٨ - الروض) من طريق أحمد بن منصور الرمادى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٩٢٤)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٠٨)، وأبو عوانة (٥٨٩٨، ٥٨٩٩). وفيه \"عن ابن عمر عن عمر\". وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: عبد الكريم متفق على ضعفه.\n(^٢) هو عبد الكريم بن أبي المخارق، أبو أمية البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ١٤٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٧٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٢٥٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٤٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٣٧٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥١٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢٦٨ من طريق مالك به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٨، ١١٣٩)، وشرح المعانى للطحاوى ٤/ ٢٦٨، وصحيح ابن خزيمة (٦٢)، وناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه لابن شاهين ص ٨٠.","vol":"1","page":311},{"text":"أحصَنُ لِلدُّبُرِ (^١).\n\n٥٠١ - ورَوَى عَدِيُّ بنُ الفَضلِ -وهو ضَعيف (^٢) - عن علي بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أن يَبولَ الرَّجُلُ قائمًا. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحَمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المُخَرِّمِيُّ وأبو الفَضلِ الخِرَقِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا عَدِيُّ بنُ الفَضلِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-180>بابُ وُجوبِ الاستِنجاءِ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ</span>\n\n٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما أنا لَكُم مِثْلُ الوالِدِ، فإِذا ذَهَبَ أحَدُكُم إلى الغائطِ فلا يستقبل القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبِرها لِغائط ولا بَولٍ، وليَستَنج بثَلاثةِ أحجار\". ونَهَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٥٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) هو عدى بن الفضل التيمى، أبو حاتم البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤٦، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٨٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٥٣٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ١٦٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٧: متروك.\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ٢٠١٣. وأخرجه ابن شاهين في ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (٧٤) عن ابن صاعد به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٩) عن يحيى بن الفضل أبي الفضل به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٢٥): إسناد حديث جابر ضعيف لاتفاقهم على ضعف عدى بن الفضل.","vol":"1","page":312},{"text":"عن الرَّوْثِ والرِّمَّةِ، وأَن يَستَنجِىَ الرَّجُلُ بيَمينِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلَكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوح بنُ القاسِمِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ. فذكَر مَعناه مِثلَ إسنادِه، إلا أنَّه قال: ونَهَى عن الرَّوْثِ والرِّمَّةِ، وأَمَرَ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ ووَكيع، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قالوا لِسَلمانَ: قَد عَلَّمَكُم نَبيُّكُم - ﷺ - كُلَّ شَئٍ حَتَى الخِراءَةَ. فقالَ: أجَل، قَد نَهانا أن نَستَقبِلَ القِبلَةَ بغائطٍ أو بَولٍ، ونَهانا أن يَستَنجِىَ أحَدُنا بأَقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، ونَهانا أن نَستَنجِىَ برَجيعٍ أو بعَظمٍ (^٣).\nرواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤). ورواه الثورِيُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٤)، الشافعي ١/ ٢٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣) من طريق سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٣٥ - ٤٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٢٦٥)، وأبو عوانة (٥١٠) من طريق يزيد بن زريع عن روح بن القاسم عن سهيل بن أبي صالح عن القعقاع به مختصرًا. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٩/ ٤٤١، ٤٤٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٥٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٦٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٠٣)، وابن ماجة (٣١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤)، من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم من طريق أبي معاوية (٤٣٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٢/ ٥٧).","vol":"1","page":313},{"text":"الأعمَشِ ومَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ فذكَره وفيه: وقالَ: \"لا يَستَنجِى أحَدُكُم بدونِ ثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِيءُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو علي الحسنُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الزهرِيُّ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ قُرْطٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا ذَهَبَ أحَدُكُم إلى الغائطِ فليَذهَبْ معه بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ يَستَطيبُ بهِنَّ، فإنها تُجزِئُ عنه\" (^٢).\n\n٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ النُفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن الاستِطابَةِ، فقالَ: \"بثَلاثةِ أحجارٍ لَيسَ فيها رَجيعٌ\" (^٣). قالَ أبو داودَ: كَذا رواه أبو أُسامَةَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ عن هِشامٍ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ ووَكيعٌ وعَبدَةُ بنُ سليمانَ عن هِشامٍ (^٤). ورواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن هِشامٍ عن أبي وجْزَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٥٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠١٢)، والدارمى (٦٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٠) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. والنسائى (٤٤) من طريق أبي حازم به، وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٦٢)، وأبو داود (٤١). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢).\n(^٤) رواية محمد بن بشر العبدي عن هشام أخرجها أحمد (٢١٨٥٦). ورواية وكيع أخرجها الحميدي =","vol":"1","page":314},{"text":"عُمارَةَ (^١). وكانَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ يقولُ: الصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن هِشامٍ عن عمرِو بنِ خُزَيمَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورواه أبو معاويَةَ مَرَّةً عن هِشامٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ خُزَيمَةَ:\n\n٥٠٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). قال أبو عيسَى: قال البخاريُّ: أخطأ أبو مُعاويَةَ في هذا الحديث إذ زادَ فيه: عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَعدٍ. قال البخاريُّ: والصَّحيحُ ما رَوَى عَبدَةُ ووَكيعٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبي خُزَيمَةَ عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ عن خُزَيمَةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأبو خُزَيمَةَ هو عمرُو بنُ خُزَيمَةَ.\n\n٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ شيرُويه، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِي الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال:\n_________\n= (٤٣٣)، وأحمد (٢١٨٦١)، وابن ماجه (٣١٥). ورواية عبدة بن سليمان أخرجها ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٤٩، ١٦٦٣)، والترمذى في العلل ص ٢٦، والطبرانى (٣٧٢٥).\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدى (٤٣٢)، والطبرانى (٣٧٢٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في المتفق والمفترق ٣/ ١٤٨٢ (٨٩٦) من طريق أبي العباس به. والطبرانى (٣٧٢٣) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) العلل الكبير للترمذى ص ٢٦، ٢٧.","vol":"1","page":315},{"text":"أمَرَني رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أن آتيَه بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، فأَتَيتُه بحَجَرَينِ ورَوْثَةٍ، فأَخَذَ الحَجَرَينِ وأَلقَى الرَّوْثَةَ وقالَ: \"ائتنى بحَجَر\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-181>بابُ الإيتارِ في الاستِجمارِ</span>\n\n٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ (^٢) بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانيُّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن توضأ فليستنثر، ومَنِ استَجمَرَ فليوتِر\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ من حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن الزَّهريِّ (^٤).\nوثَبَتَ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النبي - ﷺ - مِثلُه (^٥). وعَن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - مِثلُه في الاستِجمارِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣١٢)، والطبرانى (٩٩٥١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٥٥ من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم الدبرى به. وأحمد (٤٢٩٩) عن عبد الرزاق به. وقد اختلف فيه على أبي إسحاق. ينظر ما سيأتي في (٥٣١).\n(^٢) في ب: \"أبو بكر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٢١، ٧٧٣٠)، والنسائى (٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣٧/ ٢٢)، والبخاري (١٦١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٤٦)، والبخارى (١٦٢)، ومسلم (٢٣٧/ ٢٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٠)، والنسائي (٨٦) من طريق الأعرج به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٣٩/ ٢٤) من طريق أبي الزبير به.","vol":"1","page":316},{"text":"وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي سُفيانَ عن جابِرٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَجمَرَ أحدُكُم فليَستَجمِر ثَلاثًا\".\n\n٥١٠ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علي الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَجمَرَ أحدكم فليستَجمِر ثَلاثًا\" (^١). وفِي هذا كالدِّلالَةِ على أن أمرَه بالاستِجمارِ وترًا هو الوِترُ الذي يَزيدُ على الواحِدِ.\n\n٥١١ - أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وعَمرُو بنُ الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن حُصَينٍ الحُبرانيُّ، عن أبي سَعدِ الخَيرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ استَجمَرَ فليوتِرْ، مَن فعَلَ هذا فقَد أحسَنَ، ومَن لا فلا حَرَجَ\" (^٢). وهَذا إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ وِترًا يَكونُ بعدَ الثَّلاثِ.\n\n٥١٢ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ (^٣) القاضِي بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٩٦) من طريق عيسى بن يونس عن الأعمش به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢١١: رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه (٤٥٤).\n(^٣) في س، ب: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٦٠.","vol":"1","page":317},{"text":"\"إذا استَجمَرَ أحَدُكُم فليوتِر، فإن اللهَ وِترٌ يُحبُّ الوِترَ، أما تَرَى السمَواتِ سَبعًا، والأرَضينَ سَبعًا، والطوافَ؟ \". وذكَر أشياءَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-182>بابُ التَّوَقِّى عن البَولِ</span>\n\n٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، قالا: أخبرنا أبو جَعفَر محمدُ بنُ علي بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشيبانيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه العَبسِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدا يُحَدِّثُ عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - على قَبرَينِ فقالَ: \"إنهُما لَيعَذَّبانِ (^٢) وما يُعَذَّبانِ في كَبيرٍ (^٣)، أمَّا أحَدُهُما فكانَ يَمشِى بالنميمةِ، وأمَّا الآخَرُ فكانَ لا يَستَنزِهُ مِن بَولِه\". وقالَ وكيعٌ: \"لا يَتَوَقَّى\". قال: فدَعا بعَسيبٍ رَطْبٍ فشَقَّه باثنَينِ، ثم غَرَسَ على هذا واحِدًا وعَلَى هذا واحِدًا، ثم قال: \"لعلَّه أن يُخَفَّفَ عَنهُما (^٤) ما لم يَيبَسا\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي موسَى وغَيرِه، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٨، وصححه، وقال الذهبى: منكر، والحارث ليس بعمدة. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٧)، وابن حبان (١٤٣٧) من طريق روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٢) في د، م: (يعذبان).\n(^٣) في س: \"كثير\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"العذاب\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠)، والترمذى (٧٠)، والنسائى (٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦)، من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"1","page":318},{"text":"وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ قالَ: انطَلَقتُ أنا وعَمرُو بنُ العاصِى فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه دَرَقَةٌ أو شِبهُ الدَّرَقَةِ، فجَلَسَ فاسْتَتَرَ بها فبالَ وهو جالِس، فقُلتُ أنا وصاحِبِى: انظُرْ إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - كَيفَ يَبولُ كما تَبولُ المَرأَةُ وهو جالِسٌ، فأَتانا فقالَ: \"أما عَلِمتُم ما لَقِىَ صاحِبُ بنى إسرائيلَ؟ كان إذا أصابَ أحَدًا مِنهُم شَئٌ مِنَ البَولِ قَرَضَه بالمِقراضِ\". فنَهاهُم عن ذَلِكَ، فعُذِّبَ في قَبرِهِ (^٢).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-183> بابُ الاستنجاءِ بالماءِ</span>\n\n٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأتى الخَلاءَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢١٨)، ومسلم (٢٩٢/ ١١١).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٨٤. وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٩٥).","vol":"1","page":319},{"text":"فأتبَعُه أنا وغُلامٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ بإِداوَةٍ مِن ماءٍ فيَستَنجِى بها (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحجَّاج (^٢).\n\n٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ في أهلِ قُبَاءٍ: ﴿فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٨] \". قال: \"كانوا يَستَنجونَ بالماءِ فنَزَلَت فيهِم هَذِه الآيَةُ\" (^٣).\n\n٥١٧ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ، حدثنا أحمد بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ﴾. قال: لَمَّا نَزَلَتَ هَذِه الآيَةُ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى عوَيمِ بنِ ساعِدَةَ فقالَ: \"ما هذا الطهورُ الذي أثنَى اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم بهِ؟ \". فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّه، ما خَرَجَ مِنا رجلٌ ولا امرأةٌ مِنَ الغائطِ إلا غَسَلَ دُبُرَه. أو قال: مَقعَدَتَه.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٢٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٥٤)، والنسائي (٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥ - ٨٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٠ - ١٥٢، ٥٠٠)، ومسلم (٢٧١/ ٧٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣١٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٧) عن محمد بن العلاء به، وقال الترمذى: غريب من هذا الوجه. وضعف إسناده ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١١٢.","vol":"1","page":320},{"text":"فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ففِي هذا\" (^١).\nوروّينا عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ، أنَّه كان يَستَنجِى بالماءِ إذا بالَ (^٢). وعَن عائشةَ - ﵂ -: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ غَسلُ المَرأَةِ قُبُلَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-184>بابُ الجَمعِ في الاستنجاءِ بين المسح بالأحجار والغسل بالماء</span>\n\n٥١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدثنأ أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ، حدَّثَني عُتبَةُ بنُ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ نافِعٍ أنَّه حدَّثه قال: حدَّثَني أبو أيّوب، وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ الأنصاريّونَ، أن هَذِه الآَيَةَ لَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ (١٠٨)﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٨]. فقالَ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ، إنَّ اللهَ قَد أثنَى عَلَيكم خَيرًا في الطُّهور، فما طُهورُكم هذا؟ \". قالو ا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، نَتَوَضّأُ لِلصَّلاةِ ونغتسل مِنَ الجَنابَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فهَل مَعَ ذلكَ غَيرُهُ؟ \". قالوا: لا، غَيرَ أن أحَدَنا إذا خَرَجَ مِنَ الغائطِ أحَبَّ أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٦)، والمعرفة (١٤٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١٠٦٥) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمى: إسناده حسن إلا أن ابن إسحاق مدلس وقد عنعنه. مجمع الزوائد ١/ ٢١٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٢٤٥ - كشف). قال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ١/ ٢١٣: وفيه ليث بن أبي سليم وهو مدلس وقد عنعنه.","vol":"1","page":321},{"text":"يَستَنجِىَ بالماءِ. قال: \"هو ذاكَ، فعَلَيكُموه\" (^١).\n\n٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: مُرْنَ أزواجَكُنَّ أن يَغسِلوا عَنهُم أثَرَ الغائطِ والبَولِ، فإِنِّى أستَحييهم، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه (^٢).\n\n٥٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ (^٣) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا همام وأبو عَوانَةَ قالا: حدثنا قَتادَةُ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^٤). ورواه أبو قِلابَةَ وغَيرُه عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّةِ، فلَم يُسنِدْه إلى فِعلِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٥)، وقَتادَة حافِظٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٥، وقال: حديث كبير صحيح، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٤٠)،. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٨٨٢ من طريق عباس بن الوليد به. والدارقطنى ١/ ٦٢ من طريق محمد بن شعيب به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٥) من طريق عتبة بن أبي حكيم به. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: عتبة بن أبي حكيم ضعيف، وطلحة لم يدرك أبا أيوب. وقال الزيلعى: سنده حسن وعتبة بن أبي حكيم فيه مقال. نصب الراية ١/ ٢١٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٢٨)، وأحمد (٢٥٣٧٨)، وأبو يعلى (٤٥١٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) علي بن أحمد بن عمر بن حفص بن الحمامي، أبو الحسن البغدادى المقرئ، قرأ القراءات على أبي بكر النقاش وغيره. قال الخطيب: كان صدوقًا دينًا فاضلًا، تفرد بأسانيد القراءات وعلوها في وقته. توفى سنة (٤١٧ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٣٢٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٨٤) عن عفان به. والترمذي (١٩)، والنسائى (٤٦)، وابن حبان (١٤٤٣) من طريق أبي عوانة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٤٣) من طريق يزيد الرشك عن معاذة به.\n(^٦) وصحح رفعه الدارقطني في العلل ١٤/ ٤٢٩.","vol":"1","page":322},{"text":"٥٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، وإِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، حدَّثَني الأوزاعِيُّ، حدَّثَني أبو عَمّارٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن نِسوَةً مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ دَخَلنَ عَلَيها، قال: فأَمَرَتهُنَّ أن يَستَنجينَ بالماءِ، وقالَت: مُرْنَ أزواجَكُنَّ بذَلِكَ؟ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُه. قال: وقالَت: هو شِفاءٌ مِنَ الباسورِ (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ (^٢) ﵀: هذا مُرسَلٌ، أبو عَمّارٍ شَدّاد لا أُراه أدرَكَ عائشَةَ.\n\n٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأهوازِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: قال عليّ بنُ أبي طالِبِ: إنَّهُم كانوا يَبْعَرونَ بَعرًا وأَنتُم تَثْلِطونَ ثَلطًا (^٣)، فأَتبِعوا الحِجارَةَ الماءَ (^٤). تابَعَه مِسعَرٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ. قال: لَيسَ هذا مِن قَديمِ حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ؛ فإنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٣)، وإسحاق بن راهويه (١٧٢٦) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) هو المصنف ﵀، وقد نقل أبو زرعة العراقى كلام البيهقى هنا بقوله: وقال البيهقى. تحفة التحصيل ص ١٨٥ ترجمة (٣٦٥).\n(^٣) ثلط البعير: إذا ألقى بعره رقيقا. والمراد أنهم كانوا يتغوطون يابسا كالبعر لأنهم كانوا قليلى الأكل والمآكل، وأنتم تثلطون رقيقا، وهو إشارة إلى كثرة المآكل وتنوعها. النهاية ١/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ٥٤، ٥٥ من طريق سعيد بن عثمان الأهوازى به، وفيه: \"عن عبد الملك بن عمير عن كردوس الثعلبى عن علي\". وابن أبي شيبة (١٦٤٤)، والدارقطنى في العلل ٤/ ٥٥ من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الزيلعى: جيد. نصب الراية ١/ ٢١٩.","vol":"1","page":323},{"text":"عبدَ المَلِكِ يَروِى عن الشَّبابِ.\n\n٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمد بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المخَرِّميُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: قال عَلِيٌّ: إنّا كُنا نَبعَرُ بَعْرًا، وأَنتُمُ اليَومَ تَثلِطونَ ثَلْطًا (^١).\n\n٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ (^٢) ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيع، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ واللفظ له، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه [بنِ أبي داودَ] (^٣) المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَقَد رأَيتُنِى وأَنا سابعُ سَبعَةٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ما لَنا طَعامٌ إلا ورَقُ الحَبْلَةِ أوِ الحُبُلَةِ (^٤) -هَكَذا حدَّث شُعبَةُ- حَتَى إنَّ أحَدَنا لَيَضَعُ (^٥) كما تَضَعُ الشاةُ، ثم أصبَحَت بَنو أسَدٍ تُعَزِّرُنِي على الإسلامِ، لَقَد خَسِرتُ إذن وضَلَّ سَعيِي. وفِي\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٠٢، ٨٠٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"حاتم\" خطأ.\n(^٣) في م: \"أبي داود بن\" خطأ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠.\n(^٤) قال ابن حجر: الأول بفتح المهملة وسكون الموحدة، والثانى بضمهما، وقيل غير ذلك، والمراد به ثمر العضاه وثمر السمر وهو يشبه اللوبيا. وقيل المقصود عروق الشجر. فتح البارى ٩/ ٥٥٠. وقال في ١١/ ٢٨٩: قوله ورق الحبلة. بضم المهملة والموحدة وبسكون الموحدة أيضًا، وفي حاشية الأصل: هو الحبلة بضم الحاء وسكون الباء.\n(^٥) ليضع: كناية عن الذي يخرج منه في حال التغوط. ينظر فتح البارى ١٢/ ٢٨٩، ٢٩٠.","vol":"1","page":324},{"text":"رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ: إلا ورَقُ الشجرِ أوِ الحُبُلَةِ، حَتَى إنَّ أحَدَنا لَيَضَعُ كما تَضَعُ الشاة ما له خِلطٌ (^١). والباقِى بمَعناه (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ. وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-185>بابُ دَلكِ اليَدِ بالأرضِ بعدَ الاستنجاءِ</span>\n\n٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أسودُ بنُ عامر، حدثنا شَريكٌ -قال أبو داودَ: وأَخبرَنا بنُ عبدِ اللَهِ، حدثنا وكيع، عن شريكٍ- عن إبراهيمَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبي زرعة، عن أبي هريرةَ قال. كانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أتَى الخَلاءَ أتَيتُه بماءٍ في تَوْرٍ أو رَكْوَةٍ فاستنجى، ثم مَسَحَ يَدَه على الأرضِ، ثم أتَيتُه بإناءٍ آخَرَ فتَوَضأَ (^٤).\nقال أبو داودَ: وحَديثُ الأسود بنِ عامر أتمُّ.\n\n٥٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ المقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمد بن إسحاق، حدثنا يوسف بن يعقوب، حدثنا محمد بن أبي بكر\n_________\n(^١) الخِلط: أى يصير بعرا لا يختلط من شدة اليبس الناشئ عن قشف العيش. ينظر فتح البارى ١١/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدى (٧٨) عن سفيان به. والطيالسى (٢٠٩)، وأحمد (١٤٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٤١٢)، ومسلم (٢٩٦٦).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٥٠) عن محمد بن عبد الله به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٨، ٤٧٣) من طريق وكيع به. وأحمد (٨١٠٤) وابن حبَّان (١٤٠٥) من طريق شريك به، وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥).","vol":"1","page":325},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه أبو عثمانَ الكوفيُّ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه البَجَلِيُّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - بوَضوءٍ فاستَنجَى، ثم دَلَكَ يَدَه بالأرضِ، ثم تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، رِجلَيكَ؟ قال: \"إنِّى أدخَلتُهما طاهِرَتَينِ\" (^١). هكذا رواه أبو نُعَيمٍ وشُعَيبُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه (^٢). قال أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النسائيُّ: هذا أشبَهُ بالصَّوابِ مِن حَديثِ شَريكٍ (^٣). والله أعلَمُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد قيلَ: عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه عن مَولًى لأبِى هريرةَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٥٢٧ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه قال: حدَّثَني مَولًى لأبِى هريرةَ -قال: وأَظنّه قال: أبو وهبٍ- قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال لى رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"وضِّئنِى\". فأَتَيتُه بوَضوءٍ فاستَنجَى (^٤)، ثم أدخَلَ يَدَه في التُّرابِ فمَسَحَها به ثم غَسَلَها، ثم تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٠٦) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٢) رواية أبي نعيم أخرجها ابن ماجه (٣٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٨٩)، ورواية شعيب أخرجها النسائى (٥١). وقال الذهبى ١/ ١١٧: إبراهيم لم يدرك أباه.\n(^٣) النسائى (٥١).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بماء\".","vol":"1","page":326},{"text":"فقُلتُ: إنَّكَ تَوَضأْتَ ولَم تَغسِلْ رِجلَيكَ؟ قال: \"إني أدخَلتهُما وهُما طاهِرَتانِ\" (^١).\n\n٥٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يوضَعُ له الماءُ والأُشنانُ (^٢)، يَعنِي للاستِنجاءِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-186>بابُ الاستِنجاءِ بما يَقومُ مَقَامَ الحِجارَةِ في الإِنقاءِ دونَ ما نُهِىَ عن الاستِنجاءِ بهِ</span>\n\n٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو القُرَشِيُّ، عن جَدِّه سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كان أبو هريرةَ يَتْبَعُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بإِداوَةٍ لِوَضوئه وحاجَتِه. قال: فأَدرَكَه يَومًا فقالَ: \"مَن هَذا؟ \". قال: أنا أبو هُرَيرَةَ. قال: \"ابغِنِى أحجارًا أستَنفِضْ بها (^٤)، ولا تأتِنِى بعَظمٍ ولا رَوثٍ\". فأَتَيتُه بأَحجارٍ في ثَوبِى فوَضَعتُها إلى جَنبِه، حَتَى إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٩٥) عن أبي أحمد به. والدارمى (٧٠٥)، وأبو يعلى (٦١٣٦) من طريق أبان به.\nقال الدارقطني في العلل ٨/ ٢٧٦: قال أحمد بن حنبل: هذا حديث منكر وكلها باطلة. ولا يصح عن أبي هريرة عن النبي - ﷺ - في المسح.\n(^٢) الأشنان: شجر ينبت في الأرض الرملية يغسل به الأيدى والثياب. ينظر اللسان ١٣/ ١٨ (أش ن).\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين ٤/ ٢٤٢ (٤١٦٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٣٣) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) أستنفض بها: أستنجى بها، أى: أزيل بهن عني الأذى، وهو من النفض، أن تهز الشئ ليطير غباره. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٢٧، وفتح البارى ١/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"1","page":327},{"text":"فرَغَ وقامَ تَبِعتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه ما بالُ العَظمِ والرَّوثِ؟ فقالَ: \"أتانِى وفدُ نَصيبينَ فسأَلونِى الزّادَ، فدَعَوتُ اللهَ لَهُم ألا يَمُرّوا برَوْثَةٍ ولا بعَظمٍ إلا وجَدوا عليه طَعامًا\" (^١).\n\n٥٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدويُّ الحافظ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحسنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ حَيَّانَ المازِنيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب الحَجَبِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن جدِّه سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أحمِلُ إداوَتى، فأدرَكتُه وهو يُريدُ الحاجَةَ. فذكَره بمَعناه. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ المَكِّيِّ عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى مُختَصَرًا، دونَ سُؤالِ أبي هريرةَ، ودونَ ذِكرِ الجِنِّ مِن نَصيبينَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ يونُسَ قالا: حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: لَيسَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ذكَره، ولَكِن عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الأسوَدِ (^٣)، عن أبيه، أنه سمِع عبدَ اللَّه يقولُ: أتَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - الغائطَ فأَمَرَنى أن آتيَه بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ. قال: فوَجَدتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٢٤ من طريق سويد بن سعيد به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٢٤ من طريق عمرو بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٥).\n(^٣) مراد أبي إسحاق: أى لست أرويه الآن عن أبي عبيدة، وإنما أرويه عن عبد الرحمن. فتح البارى ١/ ٢٥٧.","vol":"1","page":328},{"text":"حَجَرَينِ والتَمَستُ الثالِثَ فلَم أجِدْه، فأَخَذتُ رَوْثَةً وأَتَيتُ بها النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فأَخَذَ الحَجَرَينِ وأَلقَى الرَّوثَةَ وقالَ: \"هذا رِكسٌ\" (^١). رواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٢). وهَذا حَديثٌ قَد اختُلِفَ فيه على أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعيِّ؛ فرواه زُهَيرٌ بنُ مُعاويَةَ هَكَذا، واعتَمَدَه البخارىّ ووَضَعَهُ في \"الجامِعِ\"، ورواه مَعمَرٌ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، وزادَ في آخِرِه: \"ائتنى بحَجَر\" (^٣)، ورواه زكريا بنُ أبي زائدَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يزَيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤)، ورواه إسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن أبي عبَيدَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٥). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ (^٦): حَديثُ إسرائيلَ عِندِى أشْبَه (^٧) وأصَحُّ؛ لأنَّ إسرائيلَ أثبَتُ في أبي إسحاقَ مِن هَؤلاءِ، وتابَعَه على ذلكَ قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيع. قال: وزُهَيرٌ في أبي إسحاقَ لَيسَ بذَلِكَ؛ لأنَّ سَماعَه مِن\n_________\n(^١) ركس: يريد أنه رجيع قد رد من الطهارة إلى النجاسة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٣٠٦.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٧٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٢) من طريق أبي نعيم به.\nوأحمد (٣٩٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٧٨). وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٠٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٥/ ٣٤، ٣٥ من طريق زكريا بن أبي زائدة به. والطبرانى (٩٩٥٦)، والدارقطنى في العلل ٥/ ٣٥ من طريق زكريا به، بزيادة الأسود بين عبد الرحمن وعبد الله.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٨٥)، والترمذى (١٧) من طريق إسرائيل به، وقال الترمذى: وهذا حديث فيه اضطراب.\n(^٦) العلل الكبير ص ٢٨، ٢٩.\n(^٧) في د، م: \"أثبت\".","vol":"1","page":329},{"text":"أبي إسحاقَ بأخَرَةٍ (^١)، وأبو إسحاقَ في آخِرِ أمرِه كان قَد ساءَ حِفظُه.\n\n٥٣٢ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيه، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لِحاجَتِه فقالَ: ائتِنِي بشَئٍ أستنجِى به ولا تُقْرِبْنى حائلًا ولا رَجيعًا\" (^٢). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ إن صَحَّت تقَوَى رِوايَةَ أبي إسحاقَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، إلا أن لَيثَ بنَ أبي سُلَيمٍ ضعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثني عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن داودَ، عن عامِرٍ قال: سأَلتُ عَلقَمَةَ: هَل كان ابنُ مَسعودٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -: لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ؟ قال عَلقَمَةُ: أنا سأَلتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقُلتُ: هَل شَهِدَ أحَدٌ مِنكُم مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجِنِّ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنّا كُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أخرة\".\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٦١). وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٥/ ١٩ من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به.\nوأحمد (٤٠٥٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) هو ليث بن أبي سليم القرشى، أبو بكر الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٢٣١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٢٧٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ١٧٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٢٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٤٦٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٣٨: صدوق اختلط أخيرًا.","vol":"1","page":330},{"text":"ففَقَدْناه فالتَمَسْناه في الأوديَةِ والشِّعابِ فقُلنا: استُطيرَ أوِ اغتيلَ. فبِتنا بشَرِّ لَيلَةٍ باتَ بها قَومٌ، فلَمّا أصبَحنا إذا هو جاءٍ مِن قِبَلِ حِراءٍ، قال: فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فقَدْناكَ فطَلَبْناكَ فلَم نَجِدْكَ، فبِتنا بشَرِّ لَيلَةٍ باتَ بها قَومٌ. قال: \"أتانِي داعِي الجِنِّ فذَهَبتُ معه، فقَرأتُ عَلَيهِمُ القُرآنَ\". قال: فانطَلَقَ بنا فأَرانا آثارَهُم وآثارَ نيرانِهِم، وسأَلوه الزادَ فقالَ: \"كُل عَظم ذُكِرَ اسمُ اللَّهِ عليه يَقَعُ في أيديكُم أوفَرَ ما يَكونُ لَحمًا، وكُلُّ بَعرَةٍ عَلَفٌ لِدَوابِّكُم\". فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا تَستَنجوا بهِما؛ فإنَّهُما طَعامُ إخوانِكُم\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى هَكَذا (^٢).\nورواه عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ بهَذا الإسناد إلى قَولِه: وآثارَ نيرانِهِم. قال الشَّعبِيُّ: وسأَلوه الزَّادَ، وكانوا مِن جِنِّ الجَزيرَةِ. إلى آخِرِ الحديث مِن قَولِ الشَّعبِيِّ مُفَصَّلًا مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ قالا: حدثنا عليّ بنُ حُجرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٩)،\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٥٠/ ١٥٠).\n(^٣) مسلم في الموضع السابق.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٢٥٨) عن علي بن حجر به.","vol":"1","page":331},{"text":"ورواه محمدُ بنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن داودَ إلى قَولِه: وآثارَ نيرانِهِم. ثم قال: قال داوُدُ: ولا أدرِي في حَديثِ عَلقَمَةَ أو في حَديثِ عامِرٍ أنَّهُم سأَلوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ الزَّادَ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٥٣٥ - أَخبَرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورواه جَماعَةٌ عن داودَ مُدرَجًا في الحديث مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحِ الحمصيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي عمرو السَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ الدَّيلَمِي، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قَدِمَ وفدُ الجِنِّ على النبي - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا محمدُ، أنَّه أُمَّتَكَ أن يَستَنجوا بعَظمٍ أو رَوْثَةٍ أو حُمَمَةٍ (^٣)؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جَعَلَ لَنا فيها رِزقًا. قال: فنَهَى النبي - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٥٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهب: حَدَّثَكَ موسَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج على صحيح مسلم (٩٩٦) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به.\n(^٢) ينظر الفصل للوصل المدرج في النقل للخطيب ٢/ ٦٢١ - ٦٣٤.\n(^٣) الحممة: الفحم وما أحرق من الخشب والعظام ونحوها. معالم السنن ١/ ٢٧.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٩).","vol":"1","page":332},{"text":"عُليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُستَنجى بعَظمٍ حائلٍ أو رَوثَةٍ أو حُمَمَةٍ (^١). عُلَيُّ بنُ رَباحٍ لم يَثبُتْ سَماعُه مِنَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢)، والأوَّلُ إسنادٌ شاميٌّ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوفِي البابِ عن أبي عثمانَ بنِ سنَّةَ الخُزاعِيِّ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ التَّنوخِيِّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، إلا أنَّه ليس في رِوايَتِهِما ذِكرُ الحُمَمَةِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الوُوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر ابنُ داسة، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا رَوْحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إسحاق، حدثنا أبو الزبير، أنَّه جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نتمَسَّحَ بعَظمٍ أو بَعْرٍ (^٤). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زهير بنِ حَربٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٥).\nوروّينا فيه عن سلمان الفارسيِّ وأَبِي هريرةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n\n٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُوذباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر ابنُ داسةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحائل: المتغير من البلى، وكل متغير اللون حائل، يقال: حال لونه يحول، إذا تغير. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٢٣٩. والحممة: الفحمة. تاج العروس ٣٢/ ٢١ (ح م م).\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٥٦ من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٤٣٧٥) من طريق موسى بن علي به.\n(^٢) ينظر تحفة التحصيل لأبى زرعة بن العراقى ص ٣٦١، ٣٦٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٩) من طريق أبي عثمان بن سنة به. وابن أبي عمر في مسنده -كما في إتحاف المهرة للبوصيري ١/ ٣٦٧ (٦٧٢) - من طريق عبد الرحمن بن رافع به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٨)، وأحمد (١٤٦٩٩).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٦٣/ ٥٨).\n(^٦) حديث سلمان تقدم في (٥٠٤)، وحديث أبي هريرة تقدم في (٥٢٩).","vol":"1","page":333},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَوهَبٍ الهَمْدانيُّ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ، يَعني ابنَ فضالَةَ المِصريُّ، عن عَيَّاشِ بنِ عباسٍ القِتبانِيِّ، أن شُيَيمَ بنَ بَيتانَ القِتبانيَّ أخبرَه عن شَيبانَ القِتبانيِّ، عن روَيفِعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: إن كان أحَدُنا في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - لَيأخُذُ نِضوَ أخيه على أن له النِّصفَ مِمّا يَغنَمُ ولَنا النِّصفَ، وإِن كان أحَدُنا لَيَطيرُ له النَّصلُ (^١) والرّيشُ ولِلآخَرِ القَدَحُ، ثم قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"يا روَيفِعُ، لعل الحَياةَ سَتَطولُ بكَ بَعدِى، فأَخبِرِ النّاسَ أنَّه مَن عَقَدَ لِحيته أو تَقَلَّدَ وتَرًا أوِ استنجَى برَجيعِ دابَّةٍ أو عَظمٍ فإِنَّ محمدًا مِنه بَرِئٌ\" (^٢). [النِّضوُ البَعيرُ المَهزولُ] (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-187>بابُ الاستِنجاءِ بالجِلدِ المَدبوغِ</span>\n\n٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن أخيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - في جُلودِ المَيتَةِ: \"إنَّ دِباغَها قَد ذَهَبَ بخبثه أو بنَجَسِه أو رِجْسِه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليطير له النصل: أى يصيبه في القسمة، والقدح: خشب السهم قبل أن يراش ويركب فيه النصل. معالم السنن ١/ ٢٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٠٠) من طريق المفضل به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\" خطأ.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٩).","vol":"1","page":334},{"text":"٥٤١ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الذي رواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النبي - ﷺ - مِنَ الأنصارِ، أخبرَه عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى أن يَستَطيبَ أحَدٌ بعَظمٍ أو رَوْثٍ أو جِلدٍ. فقَد أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَني جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ وعَمرُو بنُ سَوادٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه. قالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ: هذا إسنادٌ غَيرُ ثابِتٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-188>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الاستنجاء بالتُّرابِ</span>\n\n٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي شيبة، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بِشرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ العُمَرِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بِشرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قالَ: الاستِنجاءُ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ أو ثَلاثَةِ أعوادٍ. قُلت: فإِن لم أجِدْه. قالَ: ثَلاث حِفناتٍ مِنَ التُّرابِ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن طاوُسٍ مِن قَولِهِ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن سلَمةَ بنِ وهرامَ عن طاوُسٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٥٦. وأخرجه البخارى في تاريخه ٧/ ٢٨٠، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٢٣ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٥٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"1","page":335},{"text":"ورواه زَمعَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن سلَمةَ فرَفَعَه مُرسَلًا.\n\n٥٤٣ - أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبَّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن زَمعَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن سَلَمةَ بنِ وَهرامَ قال: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا أتى أحَدُكُم البَرازَ فليُكرِمْ قِبلَةَ اللَّه ﷿، فلا يَستقبِلْها ولا يَستَدبِرها، ثم ليَستَطِبْ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ أو ثَلاثَةِ أعوادٍ أو ثَلاثِ حَثَياتٍ مِن تُرابٍ، ثم ليقُلْ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذي أخرَجَ عَنِّي ما يؤذيني، وأَمسَكَ عليَّ ما يَنفَعُنِي\" (^١). هَكَذا رواه ابنُ وهبٍ ووَكيع وغَيرُهُم عن زَمعَةَ (^٢). ورواه أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُضَرِيُّ (^٣) -وهو كَذابٌ مَتروك- عن أبي عاصِمٍ عن زَمعَةَ (^٤) عن سلمةَ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. ولا يَصِحُّ وصلُه ولا رَفعُه (^٥). قال عليُّ بنُ المَديني: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ: أكانَ زَمعَةُ يَرفَعُهُ؟ قال: نَعَم. فسأَلتُ سَلَمةَ عنه فلَم يَعرِفْه. يَعنى لم يَرفَعْه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٥٧، ٥٨ من طريق ابن وهب ووكيع به.\n(^٣) في س: \"المصرى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٣١٨.\nوهو أحمد بن الحسن بن أبان، أبو الحسن البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ١٤٩،\nوالكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢٠٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٦٧، ولسان الميزان ١/ ١٥٠.\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"ورواه أحمد بن الحسن\"، وبعده في م: \"ورواه سفيان بن عيينة\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٥٧ من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٥٨ من طريق علي بن المدينى به. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ١٩٤ عن علي بن المدينى به.","vol":"1","page":336},{"text":"٥٤٤ - وقَد رَوَى مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قَدِمَ سُراقَة بنُ مالكٍ على رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فسألَه عن التَّغَوُّطِ، فأمَرَه أن يَستَعلِىَ الرِّيحَ، وأن يَتَنَكَّبَ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَقبِلَها ولا يَستَدبِرَها، وأن يَستَنجِىَ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ لَيسَ فيها رَجيعٌ، أو ثَلاثَة أعوادٍ، أو ثَلاثِ حَثَياتٍ مِن تُرابٍ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثني الحَجاجُ ابنُ أرطاةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ قال: قال أبو الحسنِ الدارقُطنيُّ الحافظُ (^٢): لم يَروِه غَيرُ مُبَشِّرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، وهو مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وروِى فيه (^٤) عن أنَسِ بنِ مالك مَرفوعًا، وذلك يَرِدُ (^٥).\n\n٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السكريُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ عبد اللَّه التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى، حدثنا أبي، عن غَيلانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤١٣، والدارقطنى ١/ ٥٦، ٥٧ من طريق أبي عتبة به.\n(^٢) سنن الدارقطني ١/ ٥٧.\n(^٣) هو مبشر بن عبيد القرشي، أبو حفص الحمصى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ٣٠، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٩٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٣٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٢٨: متروك ورماه أحمد بالوضع.\n(^٤) في م: \" قتيبة\".\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٥٤٦).","vol":"1","page":337},{"text":"عن مَولَى عمرَ يَسارِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ إذا بالَ قال: ناوِلْنِى شَيئًا أستَنجِى به. قال: فأُناوِلُه العودَ والحَجرَ، أو يأتي حائطًا يَتَمَسَّحُ به، أو يُمِسُّه الأرضَ، ولَم يَكُنْ يَغسِلُه (^١). وهَذا أصَحُّ ما روِى في هذا البابِ وأَعلاه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-189>بابُ ما ورَدَ في النَّهي عن الاستِنجاءِ بشَيءٍ قَدِ استُنجِىَ به مَرَّةً</span>\nرَوَى طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: لا يُستَنجَى بحَجَرٍ (^٢) قَدِ استُنجِىَ به مَرَّةً (^٣).\nوقَد روِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ لم يَثبُتْ إسنادُه:\n\n٥٤٦ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الخَضِرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالدٍ (^٤)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنى الطَّرائفِيَّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الاستنجاء بثلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، وبالترابِ إذا لم يَجِدْ حَجَرًا، ولا يُستنجَى بشَئٍ قَدِ استُنجِىَ به مَرَّةَ\" (^٥). عثمانُ الطَّرائفِيُّ تكلَّموا فيه (^٦)، يَروِى عن قَومٍ مَجهولينَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حجر في الإصابة ٦/ ٧٠٨ من طريق عباس الترقفى به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بشيء\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في المصنف (١٦٦٨) من طريق طلحة به.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ وفي مصادر التخريج: \"مالك\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٢٨، ٢٧/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٢١.\n(^٦) هو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الحرانى الطرائفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٩٦، =","vol":"1","page":338},{"text":"واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسٍ ولا يَصِحُّ:\n\n٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ هارونَ بنِ موسَى البَلَدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ أبي داودَ، حدثنا مُعانُ (^١) بنُ رِفاعَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ بُختٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الاستِنجاءُ بثَلاثةِ أحجارٍ، و(^٢) بِالتُّرابِ إذا لم يَكُن يَجِدُ حِجارَةً، ولا يُستَنجَى بشَئ قَدِ استُنجِىَ به مَرَّةً\" (^٣). قال أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ (^٤): عامَّةُ ما رَوَى إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ هذا لا يُتابِعُه عليه أحَدٌ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-190>بابُ النَّهي عن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ عِندَ البَولِ باليَميِن</span>\n\n٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ. قال أبو العباسِ: وأَخبرَنا\n_________\n= وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٢٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٤٢٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٢: صدوق.\n(^١) في ب: \" معاذ\"، وفي د: \"معاد\"، وفي م: \"معن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٥٧.\n(^٢) في ب: \" أو\".\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٧٠، ٢٦٩.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٥) هو إبراهيم بن أحمد بن عبد الكريم الحرانى الضرير. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ميزان الاعتدال ١/ ١٧، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٢٨.","vol":"1","page":339},{"text":"العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنى أبي، حدَّثني الأوزاعِيُّ. قال: وأَخبرَنا العَبّاسُ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ -والحَديثُ للعَبَّاسِ- قال: حدَّثَني يَحيَى يَعنِي ابنَ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حدَّثني عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبي قَتادَةَ، حدَّثني أبي، أنه سمِع رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا بالَ أحَدُكُم فلا يَمَسَّ ذكَرَه بيمينه، ولا يتنفسْ في الإِناءِ، ولا يَستَنجِ (^١) بيمينه\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن الأوزاعِي، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، وفِي بَعضِ طُرُقِه: \"لا يُمسِكَنَّ أحَدُكُم ذكَرَه بيمينه وهو يبول\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-191>بابُ النَّهي عن الاستِنجاءِ باليَميِن</span>\n\n٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ رحِمه الله تعالَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم الخَلاءَ فلا يستنجينَّ بيَمينه، ولا يَمَسَّ ذكرَه بيمينه\" (^٤). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"يستنجى\" وكتب فرقها: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٣١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٣٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٧/ ٦٢، ٦٥).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٦٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٣٤)، والترمذى (١٨٨٩)، والنسائى (٢٥، ٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢٨، ٥٣٢٨) من طريق هشام به. وأبو داود (٣١) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥٣)، ومسلم (٢٦٧/ ٦٤).","vol":"1","page":340},{"text":"ورُوِّيناه مِن حَديثِ سمَلمانَ وأَبِي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ موسَى الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمد بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمش ومنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ يَزيدَ، عن سَلمانَ قال: قال له المشركونَ: إنا نَرَى صاحِبَكُم يُعَلِّمُكُم حَتَى الخِراءَةَ. قال: أجَل، إنَّه نَهانا أنْ يَستَنجِىَ أحَدُنا بيَمينِه، وأَن يَستَقبِلَ القِبلَةَ، ونَهانا عن الروث والعِظامِ، وقالَ: \"لا أحَدُ بدونِ ثلاثةِ أحجارٍ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٥٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، حدَثَنى القَعقاعُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما أنا لَكُم مِثلُ الوالد أُعلِّمَكُم، فإِذا ذهبَ أحَدُكُم الخَلاءَ فلا يَستقبِلِ القِبلَةَ ولا يَستَدبْرها، ولا يستنجى بيَمِينِه\" (^٣). وكانَ يأمُرُ بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ ويَنهَى عن الرَّوثِ والرِّمَّةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٠٨)، والنسائى (٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وتقدم من طريق الأعمش في (٤٣٤، ٥٠٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦٢) عقب (٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٩)، والنسائى (٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨٠)، وابن حبان (١٤٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (٥٠٢).","vol":"1","page":341},{"text":"٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصيدلانيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ خَليلان، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائد، أخبرَنا أبو أيّوبَ يَعنِي الأفريقِيُّ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ ومَعبَدٍ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ وهبٍ الخُزاعِيِّ قال: حدَّثتنى حَفصَةُ زَوجُ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يَجعَلُ يَمينَه لِطَعامِه وشَرابِه وثيابِه، ويَجعَلُ يَسارَه لِما سِوَى ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَزِيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ الخَفَّافُ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كانَت يَدُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - اليُمنَى لِطُهورِه ولِطَعامِه (^٢)، وكانَتِ اليُسرَى لِخَلائه وما كان مِن أذًى (^٣). هَكَذا رواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمِ بنِ بَزِيعٍ عن عبدِ الوهَّاب (^٤).\n\n٥٥٤ - ورواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، فلَم يَذْكُرْ في إسنادِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢)، وأبو يعلى (٧٠٤٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢٧)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٠٣ (٣٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن أبي زائدة به. وليس عند ابن حبان ذكر معبد. وصححه الحاكم ٤/ ١٠٩، والألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥).\n(^٢) بعده في س، ب، م: \"وشرابه\". وهى زيادة ليست في أى من مصادر التخريج.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٨٣) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٤).","vol":"1","page":342},{"text":"الأسوَدَ بنَ يَزيدَ. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوْبَةَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٥٥٥ - ورواه ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن سعيدٍ، عن رجلٍ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -. أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المِهرَجانِيُّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الخطابِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-192>بابُ الاستِبراءِ عن البَولِ</span>\n\n٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَني عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍ وقالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيد بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا فهدُ بنُ حَيّانَ القَيْسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعقوبَ الضَّبِّيُّ وهو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - بالَ فأَتاه عُمَرُ بكوزٍ مِن ماءٍ، فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا عُمَر\". قال: تَوَضّأْ بهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٧٣) من طريق إبراهيم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٨٤) عن ابن أبي عدى به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١١١: منقطع. ثم قال: وله شاهد من حديث حفصة.","vol":"1","page":343},{"text":"قال: \"لم أومَرْ كُلَّما بُلتُ أن أتَوَضّأَ، ولَو فعَلتُ كانت سُنةً\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ فهدِ ابنِ حبّان.\n\n٥٥٧ - أخبرنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حمزة الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إسحاقَ وزَمعَةُ قالا: حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يَزدادَ، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا بالَ نَتَرَ ذكَره ثلاثَ نَتَراتٍ (^٢). قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عَدِيٍّ: عيسَى بنُ يَزدادَ عن أبيه مُرسَل، رَوَى عنه زَمعَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، لا يَصِحُّ، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمَّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِيِّ. قال عبدُ الله: وقيل: عيسَى بنُ أزدادَ لا يُعرَفُ إلا بهَذا الحَديثِ.\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-193> بابُ كَيفيةِ الاستِنجاءِ</span>\n\n٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ القِطْرِيُّ، حدثنا عَتيقُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أُبَيُّ بنُ العباسِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ الساعديُّ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيُّ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن الاستِطابَةِ فقالَ: \"أَوَ لا يَجِدُ أحَدُكُم ثَلاثَةَ أحجارٍ؛ حَجَرَينِ لِلصَّفحَتَين وحَجَرًا لِلمَسرَبَةِ؟ \" (^٣). كَذا كان في كِتابِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢٧) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٦٤٣)، وأبو داود (٤٢) من طريق عبد الله بن يحيى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠).\n(^٢) الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٤.\n(^٣) الصفحتان: جانبا المخرج. والمسربة: مجرى الغائط؛ لأنه ممر الحدث ومسيله، من: سرب =","vol":"1","page":344},{"text":"٥٥٩ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلْوانِيُّ، حدثنا عَتيقٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلا أنه قال: \"حَجَرانِ لِلصفحَتَين وحَجَرٌ لِلمَسرَبَةِ\".\nأخبرنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ قال: قال أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ: إسنادُه حَسَنٌ (^١). يَعنِي إسنادَ هذا الحَديث.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-194>جِماعُ أبوابِ الحَدَثِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-195>بابُ الوضوء مِنَ البَولِ والغائطِ</span>\n\n٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو وغَيرُهُما قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العبَّاس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، أخبرَنا الزَّهريُّ، أخبرَنِي عَبّادُ بنُ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: شُكِيَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - الرَّجُلَ يخيلُ إلَيه الشَّئُ في الصلاةِ فقالَ: \"لا يَنفَتِل حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^٢). قال الشافعيُّ في رِوايَةِ أبي سعيدٍ: فلَمّا دَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ على أن الرَّجُلَ يَنصَرِفُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ بالرّيحِ،\n_________\n= الماء يسرُب: إذا سال. الفائق ٢/ ٣٠٤، ٣٠٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه الروياني (١١٠٨)، والعقيلي في الضعفاء الكبير ١/ ١٦، والدارقطني ١/ ٥٦ عن عتيق بن يعقوب به.\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٧)، الشافعي ١/ ١٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٥٠)، وأبو داود (١٧٦)، والنسائي (١٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٥١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥، ١٠١٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (٧٦٤، ٣٤٢٠، ١٥٢٣٢).","vol":"1","page":345},{"text":"كانَتِ الرّيحُ مِن سَبيلِ الغائطِ، وكانَ الغائطُ أكثَرَ مِنها. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علي بنِ المَدينِيُّ وغَيرِه، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الفَرّاءُ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه قال: حدَّثَني إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سليمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمَّامٍ قال: بالَ جَرير ثم تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَيه، فقيلَ له: تَفعَلُ هذا وقَد بُلتَ؟ قال: نَعَم رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - بالَ وتَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفيهِ. قال إبراهيمُ: فكانَ يُعجِبُهُم هذا الحديثُ؛ لأنَّ إسلامَ جَريرٍ كان بعدَ نُزولِ المائدَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ. وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ طَهمانَ عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أنه بالَ ثم تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، فقُلنا له: ما هذا الذي صَنَعتَ؟ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - صَنَعَ مِثلَ الذي صَنَعتُ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٧، ١٧٧، ٢٠٥٦)، ومسلم (٣٦١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به. ومسلم (٢٧٢/ ...)، والترمذى (٩٣)، والنسائى (١١٨)، وابن ماجه (٥٤٣) من طرق عن الأعمش. وسيأتي في (١٢٨٨، ١٣٠٥).","vol":"1","page":346},{"text":"البخاريُّ مِن [أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^١) عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ البَيروتي، أخبرَنا ابنُ شُعَيبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ وهو ابنُ أبي النَّجودِ، أنَّه حدَّثَهم عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: أتَيتُ صَفوانَ بنَ عَسّالٍ فقُلتُ له: إنَّكَ كُنتَ امرأً مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وإِنَّه قَد حَاك في صَدرِى المَسحُ على الخُفَّينِ مِنَ البَولِ والغائطِ، فأَخبرْنى بشَئٍ إن كُنتَ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: كان يأمُرُنا إذا كُنّا سَفْرًا أو مُسافِرينَ ألا نَخلَعَ خِفافَنا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ إلا مِن جَنابَةٍ، لَكِن مِن بَولٍ وغائطٍ ونَومٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شِيرُويه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن زِرٍّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عَسّالٍ قال: رَخَّصَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثًا إلا مِن جَنابَةٍ، ولَكِن مِن غائطٍ أو بَولٍ أو ريحٍ. قال أبو الوَليدِ: لم يَقُلْ: أو ريحٍ. غَيرُ مِسعَرٍ.\n\n٥٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، وأبو عُبَيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٢/ ٧٢)، والبخاري (٣٨٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٧٣٧٧) من طريق شيبان به، وسيأتي في (٥٨٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر غاية النهاية لابن الجزرى ١/ ٩٣.","vol":"1","page":347},{"text":"بواسِطٍ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ. قال عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الطيبِ يَزيدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ يَزيدَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسّانِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^١). قال عَلِيٌّ: لم يَقُلْ في هذا الحديث: أو ريحٍ. غَيرُ وكيعٍ عن مِسعَرٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-196>بابُ الوُضوءِ مِنَ المَذي أوِ الوَدي</span>\n\n٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، وأبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي بنَيسابورَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيم الشَّيبانيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُنذِرٍ أبي يَعلَى، عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن عليٍّ قال: كُنتُ رجلًا مذَّاءً فكُنتُ أستَحيِى أن أسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - لِمَكانِ ابنَتِه، فأَمَرتُ المِقدادَ بنَ الأسوَدِ فسألَه فقالَ: \"يَغسِلُ ذكَرَه ويَتَوَضّأُ\" (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن وكيعٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمش قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢). وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٦٠٦)، والبزار (٦٥١) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٠٣/ ١٧)، والبخارى (١٣٢، ١٧٨).","vol":"1","page":348},{"text":"مُنذِرًا الثورِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن علي قال: استَحيَيتُ أن أسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَذي مِن أجلِ فاطِمَةَ، فأَمَرتُ رجلًا فسألَه فقالَ: \"فيه الوُضوءُ\" (^١)، مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين \" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٧ - أخبرنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابن وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، أن أبا النَّضرِ حدَّثه، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، أن عليَّ بن أبي طالِبٍ أمَرَه أن يَسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن أحَدِنا إذا خَرَجَ مِنه المَذيُ ماذا عليه في ذَلِكَ؟ فإِنَّ عِندِى ابنَتَه وأَنا أستَحيى أن أسأَلَه. فقالَ المقدادُ: فسألتُه فقالَ: \"إذا وجَدَ ذلكَ أحَدُكُم فليغسِل فرجَه ويَتَوَضأْ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ\" (^٣). هَكَذا رواه أبو النَّضرِ سليمانَ.\nوَرواه بُكَيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ عن سليمان عن ابن عباسٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n٥٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٨٢)، والنسائي (١٥٧، ٤٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (١٧٨)، ومسلم (٣٠٣/ ١٨).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٨١٩، ٢٣٨٢٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٧)، وابن ماجة (٥٠٥)، والنسائي (١٥٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به. نقل المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٠٤ عن الشافعي: سليمان بن يسار عن المقداد، مرسل، لا نعلم سمع منه شيئا. ثم قال المصنف: هو كما قال.","vol":"1","page":349},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، قال: أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ: أرسَلتُ المِقدادَ بنَ الأسوَدِ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن المَذي يَخرُجُ مِنَ الإنسانِ كَيفَ يَفعَلُ بهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"توضأ وانضَحْ فرجَكَ\" (^١). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى وغيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍ وقالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن مُوَرِّقٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: المنيُّ والمَذيُ والوَديُ: فالمَنِيُّ مِنه الغُسلُ، ومِن هَذَين الوُضوءُ؟ يَغسِلُ ذكَرَه ويَتَوَضَّأُ (^٣).\nورواه إبراهيمُ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: الوَدْيُ الذي يَكونُ بعدَ البَولِ فيه الوُضوءُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-197>بابُ الوضوِء مِنَ الدَّمِ يَخرُجُ مِن أحَدِ السَّبيلَيِن وغَيِر ذلكَ مِن دودٍ أو حَصاةٍ أو غَيِرهِما</span>\n\n٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٨٢٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٣٧)، من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به. وابن خزيمة (٢٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٣/ ١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٨٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٧ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"1","page":350},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبي حُبَيشٍ استَفتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّي أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ: \"ذلك عِرْقٌ ولَيست بالحَيضَةِ، فهذا أقبَلَت فدَعِي الصلاةَ، وِاذا أدبرت فاغسِلِي عَنكِ أثَرَ الدَّمِ وتَوَضئي وصَلِّي، فإنما ذلك عِرْقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشام عن حَمَّاد دونَ قَولِه: \"وتَوَضئى\". ثم قال مسلمٌ: وفِي حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ زيادَةُ حَرفٍ تَرَكنا ذِكرَه (^٢). وهَذا لأنَّ هَذِه الزّيادَةَ غَيرُ مَحفوظَةٍ، إنَّما المَحفوظُ ما رواه أبو مُعاويَةَ وغَيرُه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ هذا الحديثَ، وفِي آخِرِه قال: قال هِشامٌ: قال أبي: ثم تَوَضَّئي لِكُلِّ صَلاة حَتَّى يَجِيءَ ذلكَ الوَقتُ (^٣).\n\n٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيد الإسفَرايينِيُّ (^٤) بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على شَريكٍ، عن أبي اليَقْظانِ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٣٥٩ (٨٩٢) من طريق أبي الربيع الزهراني به. والنسائي (٢١٧، ٣٦٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٣) عقب (٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٢٢٨)، والترمذى (١٢٥).\n(^٤) العلاء بن محمد بن أبي سعيد محمد بن يعقوب بن سليمان بن داود، أبو الحسن المهرجاني الإسفرايينى الناطفى المزكى، حدث عن بشر الإسفرايينى وجبريل بن محمد وغيرهما، وروى صحيح البخارى عن الكشميهنى، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة فاضل كبير، كثير السماع. ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٣٦٣).","vol":"1","page":351},{"text":"ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن جدِّه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُستَحاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصلاةَ أيام حَيضِها، وتَغتَسِلُ وتتَوَضَّأ لكل صَلاةٍ، وتَصومُ وتصلي (^١). وهَذا الحديثُ نَذكُرُ بَعضَ ما قيلَ فيه إن شاءَ اللَّه تعالَى في كِتابِ الحَيضِ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه ذُكِرَ عِندَه الوُضوءُ مِنَ الطعامِ. قال الأعمَشُ مَرَّةً: والحِجامَةُ لِلصائمِ -فقالَ: إنَّما الوُضوءُ مِمّا خَرَجَ ولَيسَ ممَّا دَخَلَ، وإنَّما الفِطرُ ممَّا دَخَلَ ولَيسَ مما خرج (^٣).\nوروِي أيضًا عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ مِن قَولِهِ (^٤).\nوروِي عن النبي - ﷺ - ولا يَثبُتُ:\nأخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍ وقالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ، حدَّثني إدريسُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثني الفَضلُ بنُ المُختارِ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن شُعبَةَ يَعنى مَولَى ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٧)، والترمذى (١٢٦، ١٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٢٥) من طريق شريك به، وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث قد تفرد به شريك عن أبي اليقظان. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٦). وسيأتي في (١٦٥٤، ١٦٥٥).\n(^٢) سيأتي عقب (١٦٥٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٦١). وهو في نسخة وكيع عن الأعمش (٢).\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (٧٤٦).","vol":"1","page":352},{"text":"عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"الوُضوء مِمّا خَرَجَ ولَيسَ مِمّا دَخَلَ\" (^١).\nورُوينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه قالَ في الذي يَتَوَضَّأُ فيَخرُجُ الدّودُ مِن دُبُرِه قالَ: عليه الوُضوءُ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَ الحسنُ وجَماعَةٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-198>بابٌ: الوُضوءُ مِنَ الريح يَخرُج مِن أحَدِ السَّبيلَيِن</span>\n\n٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ مَن أحدَثَ حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ\". قالَ رجلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ: ما الحَدَثُ يا أبا هُرَيرَةَ؟ قالَ: فُساءٌ أو ضُراطٌ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه، ورواه مسلم عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كُلُّهم عن عبدِ الرزاقِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٥١، وابن عدي ٤/ ١٣٤٠، وأبو نعيم في حلية الأولياء ٨/ ٣٢٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن منقذ به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٣١، ٦٣٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤١٥).\n(^٣) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤١٧ - ٤١٩).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٥٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٠٧٨)، وأبو داود (٦٠)، والترمذى (٧٦) مقتصرًا على المرفوع، وابن خزيمة (١١). وسيأتي في (٧٦٣).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٣٥، ٦٩٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٢٥/ ٢).","vol":"1","page":353},{"text":"٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيُّ الرَّزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عمرو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \" لا وُضوءَ إلا مِن صوتٍ أو ريحٍ\" (^١). وهَذا مُختَصَرٌ، وتَمامُه فيما:\n\n٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم في بَطنِه شَيئًا فأَشكَلَ عليه أخَرَجَ منه شيءٌ أم لا، فلا يَخرُجَنَّ مِنَ المَسجِدِ حَتى يَسمَعَ صوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-199>بابُ الوضوء مِنَ النَّومِ</span>\nقال الله تعالَى: ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ﴾ الآية [المائدة: ٦]. قال الشافعيُّ: فسَمِعتُ بَعضَ مَن أرضَى عِلمَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣١٣)، والترمذى (٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٥١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧) من طريق شعبة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٠٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٥٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٧)، والترمذى (٧٥) بنحوه، وابن خزيمة (٢٤، ٢٨) من طريق سهيل به. وسيأتي في (٧٦٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٦٢/ ٩٩).","vol":"1","page":354},{"text":"بالقُرآنِ يَزعُمُ أنَّها نَزَلَت في القائمينَ مِنَ النَّومِ (^١).\n\n٥٧٦ - قال الشيخُ: وهَذا يَرويه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن ذلكَ ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ﴾: مِنَ المَضاجِعِ، يَعنِي النَّومَ. أخبرَناه أبو أحمد المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ على أن الآَيَةَ نَزَلَت في خاصٍّ بأَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الصلَواتِ (^٣) بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ:\n\n٥٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: صَلَّى النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ صَلَواتِه كُلَّها بوُضوءٍ واحدٍ، ومَسَحَ على خُفَيْه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: إنِّي رأَيتُكَ صَنَعتَ اليَومَ شَيئًا لم يَكُنْ تَصنَعُه قبلَ اليَومِ. قال: \"عَمدًا فعَلتُه يا عُمَرُ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ١٢.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢١. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"كلها\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٦٦)، وأبو داود (١٧٢)، والترمذي (٦١)، والنسائي (١٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٧٧٤، ١٢٩٥، ١٢٩٦).\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٧٧/ ٨٦).","vol":"1","page":355},{"text":"قال الشافعيُّ: وفِي السُّنَّةِ دَليلٌ على أن يَتَوَضأَ مَن قامَ مِن نَومِهِ (^١). يَعنِي بها ما:\n\n٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصيرٍ الخُلْدِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم (^٢) فلا يَضَعْ يَدَه في الوَضوءِ حَتى يَغسِلَها؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أحَدُكُم أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الباقَرْحِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ النَّومِ إلى الوُضوءِ فليفرِغْ على يَدَيه مِنَ الماءِ، فإنَّه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٥). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٦).\n\n٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ١٢.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"من نومه\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٨) عقب (٨٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج المسند (٦٤٢) من طريق أبي كريب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٧٨) عقب (٨٨).","vol":"1","page":356},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قالَ: أتَيتُ صَفوانَ بنَ عَسّالٍ المُرادِيَّ قُلت: حَاكَ (^١) في صَدرِي المَسحُ على الخُفَّينِ بعدَ الغائطِ والبَولِ، وكُنتَ امرأً مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَتَيتُكَ أسأَلُكَ هَل سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ذلكَ شَيئًا؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، كان يأْمُرُنا إذا كُنّا سَفْرًا أو مُسافِرينَ ألا نَنزعَ خِفافَنا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ إلا مِن جَنابَةٍ، لَكِن مِن غائطٍ وبَولٍ ونَومٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن الوَضينِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن مَحفوظِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عائذٍ الأزدَيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنما العَينُ وِكاءُ السَّهِ (^٣)، فمَن نامَ فليتَوَضّأْ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمويه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"حك\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٩٥)، والترمذى (٣٥٣٥)، والنسائي (١٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٣٢١، ١٣٨٣). وتقدم في (٥٦٢، ٥٦٣).\n(^٣) الوكاء: أصله الخيط أو السير الذي يشد به رأس القربة، والسه: حلقة الدبر. فجعل اليقظة للعين مثل الوكاء للقربة، يقول: فإذا نامت العين استرخى ذلك الوكاء فكان منه الحدث. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٨٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٧)، وأبو داود (٢٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٤٧٧) من طريق بقية بن الوليد به، وحسنه النووى في المجموع ٢/ ١٤.","vol":"1","page":357},{"text":"البَهرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه، حدثنا بقيَّةُ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"العَينُ وِكاءُ السَّهِ، فإذا نامَتِ العَينُ استَطلَقَ الوِكاءُ\" (^١).\n\n٥٨٣ - ورواه مَروانُ بنُ جَناحٍ عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ قال العَينُ وِكاءُ السَّهِ. مَوقوفٌ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ جَناحٍ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا (^٣). قال الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ: ومَروانُ أثبَتُ مِن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ.\n\n٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَميُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: إذا نامَ أحَدُكُم مُضطَجِعًا فليَتَوَضأْ (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٤٩)، وأبو يعلى (٧٣٧٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٤٣٣، ٣٤٣٤)، والطبرانى ١٩/ ٣٧٢ (٨٧٥)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٦٠ من طريق بقية بن الوليد به. وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٦٨٧٩) من طريق أبي بكر ابن أبي مريم به. قال الذهبى ١٢٩/ ١: أبو بكر ضعيف.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٩٤)، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٤٧١.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٥) من طريق ابن بكير به، ومالك ١/ ٢١، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٤٨٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٣، ١٤٣٢).","vol":"1","page":358},{"text":"٥٨٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ (^١)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عمرَ قال: إذا وضَعَ أحَدُكُم (^٢) جَنبَه فليَتَوَضّأْ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وجَبَ الوُضوءُ على كُلِّ نائمٍ إلا مَن خَفَقَ خَفْقَةً برأسه (^٤). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ موَقوفًا، وروِي ذلكَ مَرفوعًا ولا يَثبُتُ رَفعُه (^٥).\n\n٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن خالِدِ بنِ غِلاقٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: مَنِ استَحَقَّ النَّومَ فقَد وجَبَ عليه الوُضوءُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"البزاز\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ب.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٦)، وهو في مجموع فيه مصنفات أبي جعفر بن البختري (٤٦١). قال الذهبي ١/ ١٢٩: الواقدى تالف.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٩)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٧) من طريق سفيان به. وفيه يزيد بن أبي زياد. ينظر الكلام عليه عقب (٢٥٦٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٩٦) من طريق ابن فضيل عن يزيد به.\n(^٦) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٩٩)، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٤٧٤).","vol":"1","page":359},{"text":"٥٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ، حدَّثني زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن الجُرَيرِيِّ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه. قال إسماعيلُ: قال الجُرَيرِيُّ: فسألناه عن استِحقاقِ النَّومِ فقالَ: هو أن يَضَعَ جَنبَه (^١).\nوقَد روِي ذلكَ مَرفوعًا ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه (^٢).\n\n٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ الأصبهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو عمرٍو، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ - ﵄- كان يَنامُ اليَسيرَ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ فيَتَوَضأُ.\n\n٥٩٠ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: وأَخبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه (^٣) عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا غَلَبَه النومُ في قيامِ اللَّيلِ أتَى فِراشَه فاضطَجَعَ فرَقَدَ رُقادَ الطَّيرِ، ثم يَثِبُ فيَتَوَضأُ ويُعاوِدُ الصَّلاةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٩١ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: وأَخبَرَنى أبو عمرٍو، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ قالا: مَن نامَ راكِعًا أو ساجِدًا تَوَضأَ.\n\n٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٦) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٠٠) من طريق شعبة عن الجريرى به مرفوعًا. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٨/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ١٢٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"1","page":360},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّه كان يَرَى على مَن نامَ جالِسًا وُضوءًا (^١).\nورواه الثَّورِيُّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحسنِ قال: إذا نامَ قاعِدًا أو قائمًا فعَلَيه الوُضوءُ (^٢). وإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ المُزَنِيُّ رحِمه اللَّه تَعالَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-200>بابُ تَركِ الوُضوءِ مِنَ النَّومِ قاعِدًا</span>\n\n٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شاذُّ بنُ فيّاضٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنتَظِرونَ العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ حَتَى تَخفِقَ رُءوسُهُم ثم يُصَلّونَ ولا يَتَوَضَّئونَ (^٤). قال أبو داودَ: زادَ فيه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ قال: على عَهدِ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n٥٩٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنامونَ ثم يَقومونَ فيُصلُّونَ ولا يَتَوَضَّئونَ على عَهدِ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٣) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٣) مختصر المزنى ص ٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (٧٨) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١٣٩٤١) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو يعلى (٣٢٤٠)، وأبو عوانة (٧٣٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٤٤٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":361},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ عن شُعبَةَ، دونَ قَولِه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِئُ، حدثنا ابنُ حُمَيدٍ يَعنِي محمدًا، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَقَد رأَيتُ أصحابَ النبي - ﷺ - يوقَظونَ لِلصَّلاةِ حتَّى إنِّي لأسمَعُ لأحَدِهِم غَطيطًا ثم يَقومونَ فيُصَلّونَ ولا يَتَوَضئونَ (^٢). قال ابنُ المُبارَكِ: هذا عِندَنا وهُمْ جُلوسٌ. وعَلَى هذا حَملَه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ والشافِعِيُّ (^٣)، وحَديثاهُما في ذلكَ مُخَرَّجانِ في \"الخِلافيّاتِ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ وداوُدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّاد، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانيُّ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: أُقيمَت صَلاةُ العِشاءِ فقامَ رجلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ لِي حاجَةً. فقامَ يُناجيه حَتَّى نَعَسَ القَومُ أو بَعضُ القَومِ ثم صَلَّى بهِم ولَم يَذكُرْ وُضوءًا (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حمَّادِ بنِ سلمةَ دونَ قَولِه: ولَم يَذكُر وُضوءًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٧٦/ ١٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٠، ١٣١ عن البغوى به. وعبد الرزاق (٤٨٣) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ١٢.\n(^٤) لم نجده في نسخة الخلافيات التى بين أيدينا.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٣٣) من طريق حماد به، وسيأتي في (٥٩١٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٧٦/ ١٢٦).","vol":"1","page":362},{"text":"٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِي على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ سَمعانَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان يَنامُ وهو جالِسٌ ثم يُصَلِّي ولا يَتَوَضّأ (^١).\n\n٥٩٨ - أخبرنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ لم يَرفَعْه قال: مَن نامَ وهو جالِسٌ فلا وُضوءَ عليه، فإِنِ اضطَجَعَ فعَلَيه الوُضوءُ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا في ذلكَ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأَبِي هريرةَ، وأَبِي أُمامَةَ (^٣). واحتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا بما:\n\n٥٩٩ - أخبرنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حدثنا قَزَعَةُ بنُ سوَيدٍ، حدَّثَني بَحرُ بنُ كَنيزٍ السَّقَّاءُ، عن مَيمونٍ الخَيّاطِ، عن أبي عِياضٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٢، ومن طريقه الشافعي ١/ ١٢، ٧/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٠٨).\n(^٣) حديث زيد بن ثابت أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٤١٨)، وحديث أبي هريرة سيأتي في (٦٠٦)، وحديث أبي أمامة أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٢).","vol":"1","page":363},{"text":"ابنِ اليَمانِ قال: كُنتُ في مَسجِدِ المَدينَةِ جالِسًا أخفِقُ، واحتَضَنَنِي رجلٌ مِن خَلفِي فالتَفَتُ، فإِذا أنا بالنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَل وجَبَ عَلَيَّ وُضوءٌ؟ قال: \"لا حَتَّى تَضَعَ جَنبَكَ\" (^١). وهَذا الحديث تَفَرَّدَ به بَحرُ بنُ كَنيزٍ السَّقاءُ (^٢)، وهو ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-201> بابُ ما ورَدَ في نَومِ الساجدِ</span>\n\n٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن يَزيدَ الدَّالانِيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نامَ في سُجودِه حَتَى غَطَّ ونَفَخَ، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، قَد نِمتَ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما يَجِبُ الوُضوءُ على مَن وضعَ جَنبَه، فإِنَّه إذا وضعَ جَنبَه استَرخَت مَفاصِلُه\" (^٤). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ حَربٍ، وقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحديثِ: \"إنَّما الوُضوءُ على مَن نامَ مُضطَجِعًا، فإِنَّه إذا اضطجع\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٤٨٦. وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٢٠) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\nوالعقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٥ من طريق قزعة به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"عن ميمون الخياط\".\n(^٣) هو بحر بن كنيز السقاء الباهلي، أبو الفضل البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في المجروحين ١/ ١٩٢، والكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٤٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٢، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٩٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٤١٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٩٣: ضعيف.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٥٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٤٢٩) من طريق عبد السلام بلفظ \"إنما يجب الوضوء على من نام مضجعا\" والباقي بنحوه.","vol":"1","page":364},{"text":"استَرخَت مَفاصِلُه\" (^١).\n\n٦٠١ - أخْبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِيُّ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ حَربٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَجِبُ الوُضوءُ على مَن نامَ جالِسًا أو قائمًا أو ساجِدًا حَتَّى يَضَعَ جَنبَه، فإِنَّه إذا وضعَ جَنبَه استَرخَت مَفاصِلُه\" (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ بهَذا الحديثِ على هذا الوَجه يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ أبو خالِدٍ الدَّالانِيُّ (^٣)، قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سألت محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: هذا لا شَئَ، رواه سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قَولَه، ولَم يَذكُرْ فيه أبا العاليَةِ، ولا أعرِفُ لأبِي خالِدٍ الدّالانِيِّ سَماعًا مِن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ: قَولُه: \"الوضوءُ على مَن نامَ مُضطَجِعًا\". هو حَديتٌّ مُنكَرٌ، لم يَروِه إلا يَزيدُ الدّالانِيُّ عن قَتادَةَ. وقالَ أبو داودَ: قال شُعبَةُ: إنَّما سمِع\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٢). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٥)، والترمذى (٧٧) من طريق عبد السلام بن حرب به بنحوه.\n(^٣) هو يزيد بن عبد الرحمن، أبو خالد الدالاني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٧٧، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٠٥، والكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٣٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٧٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٢/ ٨٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤١٦: صدوق يخطئ كثيرًا وكان يدلس.\n(^٤) علل الترمذي ص ٤٥.","vol":"1","page":365},{"text":"قَتادَةُ مِن أبي العاليَةِ أربَعَةَ أحاديثَ؛ حَديثُ يونُسَ بنِ مَتَّى، وحَديثُ ابنِ عمرَ في الصَّلاةِ، وحَديثُ: \"القُضاةُ ثلاثةٌ\". وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ: حدَّثَني رِجالٌ مَرضيّونَ مِنهُم عُمَرُ وأَرضاهُم عِندِي عُمَرُ. يَعنِي في: \"لا صلاةَ بعدَ العَصرِ\".\nقال الشيخُ: وسَمِعَ أيضًا حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ فيما يقولُ عِندَ الكَربِ، وحَديثَه في رُؤيَةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ أُسرِيَ به موسَى وغَيْرَه.\nقال أبو داودَ: وذَكَرتُ حَديثَ يَزيدَ الدّالانيُّ لأحمَدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ فقالَ: ما ليَزيدَ الدّالانيِّ يُدخِلُ على أصحابِ قَتادَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ [أحمدُ: يَعنِي به] (^١) ما ذكَره البخاريُّ مِن أنه لا يُعرَفُ لأبِي خالِدٍ الدّالانيِّ سَماعٌ مِن قَتادَةَ.\nقال أبو داودَ: ورَوَى أوَّلَه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ لم يَذكُروا شَيئًا مِن هَذا. وقالَ عِكرِمَةُ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَحفوظًا. وقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَنامُ عَينايَ ولا يَنامُ قَلبِي\" (^٢).\n\n٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا حجَّاج بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، عن أيّوبَ وحُمَيدٍ وحَمَّادٍ الكوفِيُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نامَ حَتَّى سُمِعَ له غَطيطٌ، فقامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأ. قال عِكرِمَةُ: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يعني به أحمد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٤)، والخلافيات (٤٠٣)، وأبو داود عقب (٢٠٢). =","vol":"1","page":366},{"text":"النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان مَحفوظًا (^١).\n\n٦٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن سَلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - نامَ حَتَّى نَفَخَ ثم قامَ فصلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأ (^٢). مُخَرَّج في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ دونَ الزِّيادَةِ التي تَفَرَّدَ بها أبو خالِدٍ الدّالانِيُّ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ عبَّاس في حَديثِ المَبيتِ دونَ تِلكَ الزِّيادَةِ (^٤).\nونَومُه هذا كان مُضطَجِعًا، وكانَ - ﷺ - يَترُكُ الوُضوءَ مِنه مَخصوصًا، والَّذِي يَدُلُّ عليه ما:\n\n٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، قال: سمِع عمرٌو كُرَيبًا يُخبِرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بِتُّ عِندَ خالَتِي مَيمونَةَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ، فلَمّا كان في بَعضِ اللَّيلِ قامَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - فتَوَضّأَ مِن شَنٍّ مُعَلَّقٍ وُضوءًا خَفيفًا -يُخَفِّفُه عمرو ويُقَلِّلُه جِدًّا-\n_________\n= والمجروحين ٣/ ١٠٥، والكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٣٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٧٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٢/ ٨٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤١٦: صدوق يخطئ كثيرا وكان يدلس.\n(^١) علل الترمذي ص ٤٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"يعني به أحمد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٤)، والخلافيات (٤٠٣)، وأبو داود عقب (٢٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٦٨١، ١١٩٢٠) من طريق حجاج بن المنهال به، وأحمد (٢١٩٤)، وعبد بن =","vol":"1","page":367},{"text":"ثم قامَ يُصَلِّي، فقُمتُ فتَوَضّأْتُ نَحوًا ممَّا تَوَضّأَ، ثم قُمتُ عن يَسارِه، فحَوَّلَنِي فجَعَلَنِي عن يَمينِه، ثم صَلَّى ما شاءَ الله، ثم اضطَجَعَ فنامَ حَتَى نَفَخَ، ثم جاءَه المُنادِي فآذَنَه بالصلاةِ. وقالَ سُفيانُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: ثم قامَ إلى الصلاةِ فصَلَّى بنا ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. قال سُفيانُ: قُلنا لِعَمرٍو: إنَّ أُناسًا يَقولونَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَنامُ عَينُه ولا يَنامُ قَلبُه. قال عمرو: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ: رُؤيا الأنبياءِ وحيٌّ. وقَرأ: ﴿إِنِّي أَرَى فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ﴾ (^١) [الصافات: ١٠٢]،. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علي بنِ المَدينى (^٢)، ورواه مسلم عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وابنِ أبي عمرَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، إلا أنَّهُما قالا: قال سُفيانُ: وهَذا لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خاصةً؛ لأنه بَلَغَنا أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَنامُ عَيناه ولا يَنامُ قَلبُه (^٣).\n\n٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقْبُرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ في حَديثٍ ذكَره في صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أتَنامُ قبلَ أن توتِرَ؟ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، إن عَينَيَّ تنامان ولا ينام قَلبِي\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِي،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١١، ١٩١٢)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٤، ١٥٣٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٨، ٨٥٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٨٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٥٦) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به، ومالك ١/ ١٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٣)، والترمذى (٤٣٩)، والنسائي (١٦٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٩، ١١٦٦)، وابن حبان (١١٦٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٤١) عن القعنبى به. وسيأتي في (٤٦٧٦، ٤٧٣٥، ١٣٥١٧).","vol":"1","page":368},{"text":"ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، وأَبِي هريرةَ، وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على أنَّه كان تَنامُ عَيناه ولا يَنامُ قَلبُه. قالَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: وكَذَلِكَ الأنبياءُ صَلَواتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِم تَنامُ أعيُنُهُم ولا تَنامُ قُلوبُهُم (^٢).\n\n٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو صَخرٍ، أنَّه سمِع يَزيدَ بنَ قُسَيطٍ يقولُ: إنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: لَيسَ على المُحتَبِي النائمِ، ولا على القائمِ النائمِ، ولا على الساجِدِ النائمِ، وُضوءٌ حَتَّى يَضطَجِعَ، فإِذا اضطَجَعَ تَوَضّأَ (^٣). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-202>بابُ انتِقاضِ الطُّهرِ بالإغماءِ</span>\n\n٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يونُسَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٥٦٩)، ومسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٥).\n(^٢) حديث جابر أخرجه البخارى (٧٢٨١). وحديث أبي هريرة أخرجه أحمد (٧٤١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨). وحديث أنس أخرجه البخارى (٣٥٧٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٠)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥٦٧. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٣) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٢٠: إسناده جيد.","vol":"1","page":369},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أبي عائشةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ - ﵂ - فقُلتُ: ألا تُحَدثينِي عن مَرَضِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -؟ فقالَت: بَلَى، ثقلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أصلى الناسُ؟ \". قُلنا: لا يا رسولَ اللَّه، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ. قال: \"ضَعوا لى ماء في المِخضَبِ. ففَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثم ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عليه، ثم أفاقَ فقالَ: \"أصلَّى الناس؟ \"\". فقلنا: لا، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. فَقالَ: \"ضَعوا لى ماء في المِخضَبِ\". ففَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثم ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عليه، ثم أفاقَ فقالَ: \"أصلى الناسُ؟ \". فقُلنا: لا، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ: \"ضَعوا لى ماء في المِخضَبِ. فَفَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثم ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عليه ثم أفاق فقالَ: \"أصلَّى الناسُ؟ \". فقُلنا: لا، وهُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. قالَت: والناسُ عُكوفٌ في المَسجِدِ يَنتَظِرونَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - لِصَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ. قالَت: فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى أبي بكرٍ أن يصلِّيَ بالناسِ (^١). وذكَر الحديثَ. لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ، وباقِي الحديث في كِتابِ الصلاةِ، رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\nوالغُسلُ بالإغماءِ شَئٌ استَحَبَّه رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -، والوُضوءُ يَكفِي إن شاءَ الله تَعالَى.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٧/ ١٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٥١٤١، ٢٦١٣٧)، النسائي (٨٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧) من طريق زائدة به، وسيأتي في (٥١٤٢، ١٦٦٥٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٨٧)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٠).","vol":"1","page":370},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-203>بابُ الوُضوءِ مِنَ المُلامَسَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣ المائدة: ٦] واسمُ اللَّمسِ يَقَعُ على ما دونَ الجِماعِ؛ لِقَولِه - ﷺ - لِماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ: \"لَعَلَّكَ قَبَّلتَ أو لَمَستَ\" (^١). ونَهيِه عن بَيعِ المُلامَسَةِ (^٢)، وقَولِه في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عنه: \"واليَدُ زِناها اللمسُ\" (^٣). وقَولِ عائشةَ: قَلَّ يَومٌ، أو ما كان يَومٌ، إلا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَطوفُ عَلَينا جَميعًا؟ فيُقَبِّلُ ويَلمِسُ، ما دونَ الوِقاعِ (^٤).\nوهَذِه الأحاديثُ بأَسانيدِهِنَّ مُخَرَّجَةٌ في مَواضِعِهِنَّ.\n\n٦٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: إنَّ القُبلَةَ مِنَ اللَّمسِ، فتَوَضَّئوا مِنها (^٥).\n\n٦٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٧٠٧٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٥٩٨٤، ١٠٩٧٠ - ١٠٩٧٥).\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٣٦٤٠، ١٣٦٤١).\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٣٥٦٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٢٧١)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٥. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٤ من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به، وقال: صحيح.","vol":"1","page":371},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مُخارِقٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّه يَعنِي ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ﴾ قولًا معناه ما دون الجماعِ (^١).\n\n٦١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه قال: القُبلَةُ مِنَ اللَّمسِ، وفيها الوُضوءُ، واللَّمسُ ما دونَ الجِماعِ (^٢). هَكَذا رواه الثَّورِيُّ وشُعبَةُ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٦١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: قُبلَةُ الرَّجُلِ امرأتَه وجَسُّها بيَدِه مِنَ المُلامَسَةِ، فمَن قبَّلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٦)، والخلافيات (٤٣٠) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٨، ٦٩، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٨٢١)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٩٦١ (٥٣٦٨) من طريق شعبة به. وقال المصنف عقبه في المعرفة: هذا إسناد موصول صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٢٩). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٥ من طريق محمد بن شاذان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٩، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٤٥ من طريق الثورى به. والدارقطنى ١/ ١٤٥ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":372},{"text":"امرأتَه أو جَسَّها بيَدِه فعَلَيه الوُضوءُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشافعيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابن بُكَيرٍ: فقَد وجَبَ عليه الوُضوءُ (^١).\nفهَذا قَولُ عمرَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، وخالَفَهم ابنُ عبَّاسٍ فحَمَلَ المُلامَسَةَ المَذكورَةَ في الكِتابِ على الجِماعِ، ولَم يَرَ في القُبلَةِ وُضوءًا.\n\n٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي بِشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قالَ: تَذاكَرْنا اللَّمسَ؟ فقالَ أُناسٌ مِنَ المَوالِي: لَيس مِنَ الجِماعِ. وقالَ ناسٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ: هِيَ مِنَ الجِماعِ. فذَكَرتُ ذلكَ لابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: مَعَ أيِّهِم كُنتَ؟ قُلتُ: مَعَ المَوالِي. قالَ: غُلِبَتِ المَوالِي؛ إنَّ اللَّمسَ والمُباشَرَةَ مِنَ الجِماعِ، ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَر وجَل يَكنِي ما شاءَ بما شاءَ (^٢).\nوقَولُ مَن يوافِقُ قَولُه ظاهِرَ الكِتابِ أولَى.\nواحتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا بما:\n\n٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى ويَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ قالا: حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٢)، والشافعى ١/ ١٥، ومالك ١/ ٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٣٣). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٣ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":373},{"text":"عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّه كان قاعِدًا عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فجاءَه رجل فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما تَقولُ في رجلٍ أصابَ مِنَ امرأةٍ لا تَحِلُّ له، فلَم يَدَعْ شَيئًا يُصيبُه الرَّجلُ مِنِ امرأتِه إلا وقَد أصابَه مِنها، إلا أنَّه لم يُجامِعْها؟ فقالَ: \"تَوَضَّأ وُضوءًا حَسَنًا ثم قُم فصلِّ\". قالَ: فانزَلَ الله ﷿ هَذِه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]، الآيَة. فقالَ: أهِيَ له خاصَّةً أم لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً؟ قال: \"بَل هِيَ لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً\" (^١).\nوهَكَذا رواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ وأبو عَوانَةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٢)، وفيه إرسالٌ (^٣)؛ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي لَيلَى لم يُدرِكْ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ.\n\n٦١٤ - وأمَّا الحديث الذي أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه العَبْسِيُّ، حدثنا وكيع، عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قبَّلَ بَعضَ نِسائِه ثم خَرَجَ إلى الصلاةِ ولَم يَتَوَضَّأْ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٣٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٥ دون قول النبي - ﷺ -: \"بل هى للمسلمين عامة\". وصححه. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٢/ ٦٢٣ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١١٢)، والترمذى (٣١١٣) من طريق زائدة به، وقال الترمذي: حديث ليس إسناده بمتصل؛ عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى لم يسمع من معاذ.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٦٦)، وأبو داود (١٧٩)، والترمذي (٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٥٠٢) من طريق وكيع به، وقال الترمذي: إنما ترك أصحابنا حديث عائشة عن النبي - ﷺ - في هذا لأنه لا يصح عندهم؛ لحال الإسناد. قال: وسمعت محمد بن إسماعيل يضعف هذا الحديث، وقال: حبيب بن أبي ثابت لم يسمع من عروة، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٥).","vol":"1","page":374},{"text":"وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بِشرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ، وذُكِرَ له حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ عن عُروةَ، قال: أمَا إنَّ سُفيانَ الثورِيَّ كان أعلَمَ النّاسِ بهَذا، زَعَمَ أن حَبيبًا لم يَسمَعْ مِن عُروةَ شَيئًا (^١).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى وذُكِرَ عِندَه حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ: تُصلِّي وإِن قَطَرَ الدمُ (^٢) على الحَصيرِ، وفِي القُبلَةِ. قال يَحيَى: احكِ عَنِّي أنَّهُما شِبهُ لا شَئَ (^٣).\n\n٦١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ الطَّالْقانِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَغراءَ (^٤)، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، أخبرَنا أصحابٌ لَنا، عن عُروةَ المُزَنِي، عن عائشةَ بهَذا الحَديثِ. قال أبو داودَ: روِي عن الثورِيِّ أنَّه قال: ما حدثنا حَبيبٌ إلا عن عُروةَ المُزَنِيِّ. يَعنِي: لم يُحَدِّثْهُم عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بشَئ (^٥).\nقال الشيخ: فعادَ الحديثُ إلى رِوايَةِ عُروةَ المُزَنِيِّ، وهو مَجهولٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٩.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، ب، د.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٩. وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٣٧) من طريق ابن المدينى به. وينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (٢٩٢٥)، والجرح والتعديل ١/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٤) في ب: \"معسر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٤١٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٩)، والخلافيات (٤٣٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٠).\n(^٦) عروة المزني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٤٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٦٥، والمغنى=","vol":"1","page":375},{"text":"٦١٦ - وأمَّا الحديث الذي أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السلميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي رَوقٍ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِي، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُقَبِّلُ بعدَ الوُضوءِ ثم لا يُعيدُ الوُضوءَ، وقالَت: ثم يُصلِّي (^١). فهَذا مُرسَلٌ. إبراهيمُ التَّيمِيُّ لم يَسمَعْ مِن عائشةَ، قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ وغَيرُه (^٢). وأبو رَوقٍ لَيسَ بقَوِيٍّ (^٣)، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه (^٤). ورواه أبو حَنيفَةَ عن أبي رَوقٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن حَفصَةَ (^٥). وإِبراهيمُ لم يَسمَعْ مِن عائشةَ ولا مِن حَفصةَ، قالَه الدَّارقُطنيُّ وغَيرُه (^٦). وقَد رَوَينا سائرَ ما روِي في هذا البابِ وبَيَّنَّا ضَعفَها في \"الخلافيات\" (^٧). والحَديثُ الصَّحيحُ عن عائشةَ في قُبلَةِ الصائمِ، فحَمَلَه\n_________\n= في الضعفاء ١/ ٦١٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ١٨٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٠: مجهول.\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٧٨)، والنسائي (١٧٠) من طريق الثورى به، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود ١/ ٤٦، والترمذى ١/ ١٣٨. وينظر تحفة التحصيل ص ١٣.\n(^٣) هو عطية بن الحارث، أبو روق الهمدانى الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٨٢، والمجروحين ٧/ ٢٧٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٤٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ٢٢٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٤: صدوق.\n(^٤) في الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٤٣ عن إسحاق بن منصور عن ابن معين أنه قال: صالح. وقد قال أحمد: لا بأس به. وقال أبو حاتم: صدوق. ولم نجد أحدًا ضعفه.\n(^٥) مسند أبي حنيفة لأبى نعيم ص ٢٧٥، وجامع المسانيد للخوارزمى ١/ ٢٤٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٤١ من طريق أبي حنيفة به.\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤١. وينظر جامع التحصيل ص ١٤١.\n(^٧) الخلافيات ٢/ ١٦٥ - ٢٠٥.","vol":"1","page":376},{"text":"الضُّعَفاءُ مِنَ الرّواةِ على تَركِ الوُضوءِ مِنها، ولَو صَحَّ إسنادُه لَقُلنا به إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-204>بابُ ما جاءَ في لَمسِ الصَّغائرِ (^١) وذَواتِ المَحارِمِ</span>\n\n٦١٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ (^٢) عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزَّاهِدُ (^٣) إملاءً وأبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ (^٤)، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثقفي، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، أنَّه سمِع أبا قَتادَةَ يقولُ: بَينا نَحن في المَسجِدِ جُلوسٌ خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَحمِلُ أُمامَةَ بنتَ أبي العاصِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ -وأُمُّها زَينَبُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ- وهِيَ صَبيَّةٌ، يَحمِلُها على عاتِقِه، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهيَ على عاتِقِه، يَضَعُها إذا رَكَعَ، ويُعيدُها إذا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الصغار\".\n(^٢) في م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) عبد الملك بن أبي عثمان محمد بن إبراهيم أبو سعد النيسابورى الواعظ الزاهد المعروف بالخركوشي، قال الخطيب: كان ثقة ورعا صالحا. وقال عبد الغافر: أحد أفراد خراسان علما وزهدا. وقال الذهبي: صحب الكبار، ووعظ وصنف، ورزق القبول الزائد، وبعد صيته، له تفسير كبير، وكتاب \"دلائل النبوة\"، وكتاب \"الزهد\". توفى سنة (٤٠٧ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٤٣٢، والمنتخب من السياق (١٠٧٥)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٤) في د، م: \"مسلمة\".","vol":"1","page":377},{"text":"قامَ، حَتَى قضى صلاتَه، يَفعَلُ ذلكَ بها (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم عن قُتيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-205>بابُ ما جاءَ في الملموسِ</span>\n\n٦١٨ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ، وأبو صادَقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ العامِريُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: فقَدتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فالتَمَستُه بيَدِي، فوَقَعَت يَدِي على قَدَمَيه وهُما مَنصوبَتانِ وهو ساجِدٌ وهو يقولُ: \"اللَّهم (^٣) أعوذُ بمُعافاتِكَ مِن عُقوبَتِكَ، وأَعوذُ برِضاكَ مِن سَخَطِكَ، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِنكَ، لا أُحصِي ثَناءً عَلَيكَ، أنتَ كما أثنَيتَ على نَفسِكَ\" (^٤). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ دونَ قَولِه: وهو ساجِدٌ (^٥). ورواه وُهَيبٌ ومُعتَمِرٌ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩١٨)، والنسائي (٧١٠) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٢٢٥٨٤)، وابن حبان (١١١٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٩٦)، ومسلم (٥٤٣/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"إنى\".\n(^٤) معرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم ص ٢١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٥٥)، والنسائي (١٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٦٥٥، ٦٧١) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٨٦/ ٢٢٢).","vol":"1","page":378},{"text":"دونَ ذِكرِ أبي هريرةَ في إسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-206>بابُ ما جاءَ في غَمزِ الرَّجُلِ امرأتَه بغيِر شَهوةٍ، أو مِن وراءِ حائلٍ</span>\n\n٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: قالَت عائشةُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ بندارٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بُجَيرٍ (^٢)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه، حدثنا القاسِمُ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: بئسَما عَدَلتُمونا بالكَلبِ والحِمارِ، لَقَد رأَيتُنِي ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يُصلِّي وأَنا مُضطَجِعَةٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَسجُدَ غَمَزَ رِجلَيَّ فقَبَضتُهُما (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ عمرٍو، وفِي حَديثِ المُقَدَّمِيِّ: لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّي وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَسجُدَ غَمَزَنِي فقَبَضتُ رِجلي. رواه البخاريُّ عن عمرِو بنِ عَلِي (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه: حَتَّى إذا أرادَ أن يوتِرَ مَسَّنِي برِجلِهِ (^٥). وَفِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣١٢) عن ابن نمير به. والدارقطنى في العلل ١٤/ ٨٣ من طريق وهيب به، وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٤/ ٨٢ عن معتمر بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) في م: \"بحير\" بالهاء المهملة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٩)، وأبو داود (٧١٢)، والنسائي (١٦٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥١٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٣٤)، والنسائي (١٦٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"1","page":379},{"text":"رِوايَةِ أبي سلمةَ عن عائشةَ: فإِذا سَجَدَ غَمَزَني فقَبَضتُ رجليَّ (^١). وفي روايةِ عُروةَ عن عائشةَ: فإِذا أرادَ أن يوتِرَ أيقَظَنِي فأَوتَرْتُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-207>بابُ الوُضوءِ مِن مسَّ الذَّكرِ</span>\n\n٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أنه سمِع عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: دَخَلتُ على مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ فتَذاكَرنا ما يَكونُ مِنه الوُضوءُ، فقالَ مَرْوانُ: ومِن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ الوُضوءُ. فقالَ عُروَةُ: ما عَلِمتُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ مَرْوانُ: أخبرَتنِي بُسرَةُ بنتُ صَفوانَ أنها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا مَسَّ أحَدُكُم ذكَره فليتوَضّأْ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٢١ - ورواه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ، وزادَ (^٤): \"فليتَوَضأْ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ\". أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٤٨)، والبخاري (٣٨٢)، ومسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٧٢)، وأبو داود (٧١٣)، والنسائي (١٦٨) من طريق أبي سلمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣٦)، والبخارى (٥١٢، ٩٩٧)، وأبو د اود (٧١١)، والنسائي (٧٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٣، ٨٢٤) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٥)، والشافعى ١/ ١٩، ومالك ١/ ٤٢، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٨١)، والنسائي (١٦٣)، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٦).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"فيه\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٠٣).","vol":"1","page":380},{"text":"٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو زكريا، وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِي، وغَيرُهُما، قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ - قال: وقَد كانَت صَحِبَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مسَّ أحَدُكُم ذكَرَه فلا يُصَليَنَّ حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ\" (^٢). وهَكَذا رواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيد القَطّانُ عن هِشامِ بنِ عروةَ عن أبيه عن بُسرَةَ، وذكَر سَماعَ هِشامٍ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكر أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حمزة، عن الزُّهَرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّه سمِع عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: ذكَر مَرْوانُ بنُ الحكمِ في إمارَتهِ على المَدينَةِ أنَّه يُتَوَضّأُ مِن مَس الذَّكَرِ إذا أفضَى إلَيه الرَّجُلُ بيَدِه، فأَنكَرتُ ذلكَ وقُلتُ: لا وُضوءَ على مَن مَسَّه. فقالَ مَرْوانُ: أخبرَتنِي بُسرَةُ بنتُ صَفوانَ أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ ما يُتَوَضّأُ مِنه فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ويُتَوَضّأُ مِن مسَّ الذَّكَرِ\". فقالَ عُروَةُ: فلَم أزَلْ أُمارِي مَرْوانَ حَتَّى دَعا رجلًا مِن حَرَسِه فأَرسَلَه إلى بُسرَةَ يَسأَلُها عَمّا حَدَّثَت فِي ذَلِكَ، فأَرسَلَت إلَيه بُسرَةُ بمِثلِ الذي\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"وأخبرناه إجازة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٣، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٥/ ٣٣٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٩٥)، والترمذى (٨٢)، والنسائي (٤٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"1","page":381},{"text":"حدَّثني عَنها مَرْوانُ (^١).\nورواه هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن مَرْوانَ عن بُسرَةَ:\n\n٦٢٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، وأبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ، وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِيَاضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن مَرْوانَ، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ -وكانَت صَحِبَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - - أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مسَّ أحَدُكم ذكَرَه فلا يُصَلِّيَن حَتَّى يَتَوَضأَ\" (^٢).\nورواه يَحيىَ بنُ سعيدٍ القَطانُ عن هِشامٍ عن أبيه عن بُسرَةَ، وذكَر سَماعَ هِشامٍ من أبيهِ (^٣).\nوأما سَماعُ أبيه عن (^٤) بُسرَةَ ومُشافَهَتُها إيّاه بالحَديثِ بعدَ سَماعِه مِن مَرْوانَ ففيما:\n\n٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٩٦) عن أبي اليمان به. والنسائي (١٦٤) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٤٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه (٦٢٢).\n(^٤) في أ، ب: \"من\".","vol":"1","page":382},{"text":"رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن مَسَّ ذكَرَه فليتَوَضّأْ\". قال عُروَةُ: فسأَلتُ بُسرَةَ فصَدَّقَته (^١).\n\n٦٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخَوّاصُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سليمان الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أبانٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن مَروانَ، عن بُسرَةَ أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" مَن مَسَّ فرجَه فلا يُصَلِّي (^٢) حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ\". قال: فأَتَيتُ بُسرَةَ فحَدَّثَتنِي كما حدَّثَني مَرْوانُ عَنها أنَّها سَمِعَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن مَرْوانَ حدَّثه عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ -وكانَت قَد صحِبَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مَسَّ أحَدُكُم ذكَرَه فلا يُصلِّيَن حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ\". قال: فأنكر ذلكَ عُروَةُ، فسأَلَ بُسرَةَ فصَدَّقَته بما قالَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١١٤) عن ابن خزيمة به.\n(^٢) في م: \"يصلين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥١٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥١١)، والصغرى (٣٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٦، ١٣٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١١٣) من طريق شعيب به.","vol":"1","page":383},{"text":"٦٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، فذكَر الحديثَ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه. قالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: تابَعَه رَبيعَةُ بنُ عثمانَ، والمُنذِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، وعَنبَسَةُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، وحُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ فرَوَوه عن هِشامٍ عن أبيه عن مَرْوانَ عن بُسرَةَ. قال عُروَةُ: فسألتُ بُسرَةَ بعدَ ذلكَ فصَدَّقَته (^١).\n\n٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ المَدينِي وذكَر حَديثَ شُعَيبِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ الذي يُذكَرُ فيه سَماعُ عُروةَ مِن بُسرَةَ، فقالَ عليٌّ: هذا ممَّا يَدُلُكَ أن يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ قَد حَفِظَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه أنَّه قال: أخبرَتنِي بُسرَةُ. قال عَلِيٌّ: فحَدَّثَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن مَرْوانَ، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صفوانَ -وقَد كانَت صَحِبَتِ النبي - ﷺ - - أن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مَسَّ أحَدُكُم ذكَرَه فلا يُصَلِّيَن حَتَّى يَتَوَضأَ\". فأَنكَرَ ذلكَ عُروَةُ وسأَلَ بُسرَةَ فصَدَّقَته (^٢).\n\n٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ قال: كان الشافعيُّ يوجِبُ الوُضوءَ مِن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ اتِّباعًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٤٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥١٥)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٧.","vol":"1","page":384},{"text":"لِخَبَرِ بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ، لا قياسًا، وبَقولِ الشافعيِّ أقولُ؛ لأنَّ عُروةَ قَد سمِع حَديثَا بُسرَةَ مِنها (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وبُسرَةُ بنتُ صَفوانَ بنِ نَوفَلِ بنِ أسَدٍ مِن المُبايِعاتِ، ووَرَقَةُ بن نَوفَلٍ عَمُّها، وهِيَ زَوجَةُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ أبي العاصِ، قالَه مُصعَبٌ الزُّبَيرِيُّ (^٢). وهِيَ جَدةُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ أُمُّ أُمِّه، قالَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُبارَكِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوج النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: سمعت رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن مَسّ فرجَه فليتَوَضّأْ\" (^٤)\n\n٦٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسهِر عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة عقب حديث (٣٤).\n(^٢) نسب قريش لمصعب ص ٢٠٩، وفيه: \"أم معاوية\"، ومن طريقه الحاكم ١/ ١٣٨، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٥١٨)، والمعرفة (١٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٣٨، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٩٦) من طريق مالك به.\nوترجمة بسرة بنت صفوان في الإصابة ١٣/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٨١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٥ من طريق الهيثم بن حميد به، وصححه أحمد، وقال ابن السكن: لا أعلم له علة. التلخيص ١/ ١٢٤.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٤٩، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٥، والطبرانى=","vol":"1","page":385},{"text":"وبَلَغَنِي عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ قال: سأَلتُ أبا زُرعَةَ عن حَديثِ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ فاستَحسَنَه، ورأَيتُه كان يَعُدُّه مَحفوظًا (^١).\n\n٦٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ النَّوْفَلِيُّ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن مسَّ ذكَرَه فعَلَيه الوُضوءُ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانيُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقاصٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أُمسِكُ المُصحَفَ على سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ فاحتَكَكتُ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: لَعَلَّكَ مَسِستَ ذَكَرَكَ؟ فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: قُمْ فتَوَضّأْ. فقُمتُ فتَوَضّأْتُ ثم رَجَعتُ (^٣).\n\n٦٣٥ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالك، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه\n_________\n= ٢٣/ ٢٣٥ (٤٥٠)، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٥٥٢) من طريق أبي مسهر به.\n(^١) العلل الكبير ص ٤٩، وسنن الترمذي ١/ ١٣٠، ونقل ابن أبي حاتم في مراسيل ابن أبي حاتم ص ٢١٢، ٢١٣ عن أبي زرعة قال: مكحول لم يسمع من عنبسة بن أبي سفيان شيئًا. وقال الذهبى ١/ ١٣٨: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٢٠). وسيأتي (٦٤٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٣٠٩)، والمعرفة (١٩٤) من طريق ابن بكير به، ومالك ١/ ٤٢. وتقدم في (٤١٤).","vol":"1","page":386},{"text":"كان يقولُ: إذا مَسَّ الرَّجُلُ ذكَرَه فقَد وجَبَ عليه الوُضوءُ (^١).\n\n٦٣٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابن شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: رأَيت عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ يَغتَسِلُ ثم يَتَوَضّأ، فقُلت له: يا أبَةِ ما يَجْزيكَ الغُسلُ مِنَ الوُضوءِ؟ قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنِّي أحيانًا أمَسُّ ذكري فأَتَوَضّأُ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٧ - وبإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ في سفرٍ فرأَيتُه بعدَ أن طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ تَوَضّأَ ثم صَلَّى، فقُلتُ له: إنَّ هَذِه صَلاةٌ ما كُنتَ تُصَلّيها. فقالَ: إنِّي بعدَ أن تَوَضّأْتُ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مَسِستُ ذَكَرِي، ثم نَسيتُ أن أتَوَضّأَ فتَوَضّأْتُ ثم عُدتُ لِصَلاتي (^٣).\n\n٦٣٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن مَسَّ ذكَره فقَد وجَبَ عليه الوُضوءُ (^٤).\nوروّينا في ذلكَ عن عائشةَ (^٥) وأَبِي هريرةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٥٦)، ومالك ١/ ٤٢، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٥)، وابن عدي ٢/ ٧٩٣.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤٣، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤٣.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٤٣.\n(^٥) سيأتي مسندًا في (٦٤٧).\n(^٦) سيأتي مسندًا في (٦٤٨ - ٦٥٠).","vol":"1","page":387},{"text":"ورَوَى الشافعيُّ في كِتابِ القَديمِ عن مُسلِمٍ وسَعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ بَينا هو يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ إذ زَلَّت يَدُه على ذَكَرِه، فأَشارَ إلى الناسِ، أنِ امكُثوا، ثم خَرَجَ فتوضأ، ثم رَجَعَ فأَتَمَّ بهِم ما بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٦٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ المُقرِئَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ سَلامَةَ هو الطحاوِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ شعيب (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ وابنُ عباسٍ يَقولانِ في الرَّجُلِ يَمَسُّ ذكَرَه: يَتَوَضأُ. قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لِقَتادَةَ: عمَّن هَذا؟ فقالَ: عن عَطاءٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-208>بابُ الوُضوءِ مِن مسِّ المَرأَةِ فرجَها</span>\n\n٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ الليث وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ اليَحصُبِي، عن الزهريُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزبَيرِ، أنَّه سمِع مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ يقولُ: أخبرَتنِي بُسرَةُ بنتُ صَفوانَ الأسَديَّةُ أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يأْمُرُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) في د: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٦.","vol":"1","page":388},{"text":"بالوُضوءِ مِن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ، والمَرأَةُ مِثلُ ذلكَ (^١). قالَ أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ: وهَذا الحديثُ بهَذِه الزّيادةِ في مَتنِه: والمرأةُ مِثلُ ذلكَ. لا يَرويه عن الزُّهرِيِّ غَير ابنِ نَمِرٍ هَذا.\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه هارونُ بنُ زيادٍ الحِنّائي عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، ورواه أبو موسَى الأنصاريُّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ على الصِّحَّةِ في الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا (^٢).\n\n٦٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شهابِ، أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ أنَّه سمع عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: ذكَر مَرْوانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ في إمارَتِه على المَدينَةِ أنَّه يُتَوَضّأُ مِن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ إذا أفضَى إلَيه بيَدِهِ. فأَنكَرتُ ذلكَ وقُلتُ: لا وُضوءَ على مَن مَسَّه. فقالَ مَرْوانُ: بَلَى، أخبرَتنِي بُسرَةُ بنتُ صَفوانَ أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ ما يُتَوَضّأُ مِنه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ويُتَوَضّأُ مِن مَس الذَّكَرِ\". فقالَ عُروَةُ: فلَم أزَلْ أُمارِي مَرْوانَ حَتَّى دَعا رجلًا مِن حَرَسِه فأَرسَلَه إلى بُسرَةَ يَسأَلُها عَمّا حَدَّثَته مِن ذَلِكَ، فأَرسَلَت إلَيه بُسرَةُ بمِثلِ ما حدَّثَني عَنها مَرْوانُ (^٣). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مِن حَديثِ الزُّهَرِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٦٠٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد (٣٢٣١) عن هشام بن عمار به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٦٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٠٥). وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٢٣).","vol":"1","page":389},{"text":"٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ نَمِرٍ قالَ: سألتُ الزهريَّ عن مَسِّ المَرأَةِ فرجَها، أتتَوَضأُ؟ فقالَ: أخبرنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أفضَى أحَدُكُم بيَدِه إلى فرجِه فليتوَضّأْ\" (^١). قال: والمَرأَةُ كَذَلِكَ.\nظاهِرُ هذا يَدُلُّ على أن قَولَه: قالَ: والمَرأَةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ. مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِيُّ. ومما يدل عليه أن سائرَ الرُّواةِ رَوَوه عن الزُّهرِيِّ دونَ هَذِه الزيادة وروِي ذلكَ في حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ عيَّاش عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه (^٢)، وليسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n٦٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو بكرِ بنُ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ (^٣) وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّوقانيُّ (^٤) بها، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٢٦ عن أبي موسى الأنصارى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٧، وفي العلل ١٥/ ٣٣٤ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن رجاء أبو بكر النيسابورى، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ فاضل، ثقة قديم.\nوقال الذهبى: انتخب عليه الحفاظ، توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٢)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٩٤.\n(^٤) محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن منصور أبو بكر النوقانى، حدث بنوقان عن أبي العباس، روى عنه المصنف، توفى سنة (٤٢٠ هـ) تقريبًا. تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٥.","vol":"1","page":390},{"text":"أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِيُّ الحمصيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَني الزُّبَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَني عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَيُّما رجلٍ مَسَّ فرجَه فليتَوَضّأْ، وأَيُّما امرأَةٍ مَسَّت فرجَها فلتَتَوَضّأْ\" (^١).\nورواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن بَقيَّةَ عن الزُّبَيدِيِّ محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ (^٢). ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ ثِقَةٌ. وهَكَذا رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ عن عمرٍو (^٣).\nوروِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو:\n\n٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا إدريسُ، يَعنِي ابنَ سليمانَ، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ راشِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه (^٤). قال أبو أحمدَ: هو مِن حَديثِ ابنِ ثَوبانَ عن أبيه عن عمرٍو أغرَبُ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وخالَفَهُمُ المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ عن عمرٍو في إسنادِه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٢) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٧٦) من طريق بقية بن الوليد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٢٨، والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٨٣١) من طريق إسحاق الحنظلى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٥ من طريق عبد الله بن المؤمل به. وفيه: \"أن بسرة سألت النبيِّ - ﷺ -\" فذكره. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٢٩ عن عبد الله بن المؤمل به. وصححه البخارى كما في علل الترمذي ص ٤٩.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٦٦٨، ٢٦٦٩.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"1","page":391},{"text":"وليسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^١).\n\n٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ الكِرمانِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ الكِرمانِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، حدثنا المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شعيب، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ إحدَى نِساءِ بنى كِنانَةَ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَيفَ تَرَى في إحدانا تَمسُّ فرجَها، والرَّجُلِ يَمسُّ ذكَرَه بعدَ ما يَتَوَضّأُ؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تتَوَضّأ يا بُسرَةَ بنتَ صفوانَ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٤٦ - قال عمرٌو: وحَدَّثَنِي سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أن مَرْوانَ أرسَلَ إلَيها يَسأَلُها فقالَت: دَعْنِي، سألتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - وعِندَه فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ فأَمَرَنى بالوُضوءِ (^٣).\n\n٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بُطَّةَ (^٤) الأصبهانيُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زكريا الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا مُحرِزُ بنُ سلمةَ العَدَنِي، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) هو المثنى بن الصباح اليمانى، أبو عبد الله الأبناوى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤١٩، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣٢٤، والمجروحين ٣/ ٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٢٠٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٣٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٢٨: ضعيف اختلط بأخرة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٢٠٣ (٥٢١) بنحوه من طريق المثنى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٢١٧٤) من طريق المثنى به، وفيه: \"عبد الله بن عمرو\" بدلا من: \"عبد الله بن عمر\".\n(^٤) بضم الباء كما في الإكمال لابن ماكولا ١/ ٢٣١، والمثشبه للذهبى ١/ ٨٤، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٩٥.","vol":"1","page":392},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إذا مَسَّتِ المَرأَةُ فرجَها تَوَضَّأَت (^١). وهَكَذا رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِيُّ عن أخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-209>بابُ تَركِ الوُضوءِ مِن مَن مسِّ الفَرجِ بظَهرِ الكَفِّ</span>\n\n٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الأُشنانيُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ النَّوفَلِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أفضَى بيَدِه إلى فرجِه لَيسَ دونَها حِجابٌ فقَد وجَبَ عليه وضوءُ الصَّلاةِ\" (^٤). وهَكَذا رواه مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ عن يزيد بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٥)، إلا أن يَزيدَ تكلَّموا فيهِ (^٦).\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٣٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٣/ ١٢٢، ١٢٣ من طريق عبد الله العمرى به.\n(^٣) لعله أحمد بن محمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم أبو بكر الأشنانى النيسابورى الصيدلانى. تقدم عقب (٩٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٢٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١١٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم به. وأحمد (٨٤٠٤) من طريق يزيد بن عبد الملك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٧٤، وابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٥، وابن شاهين في ناسخه (١١٢) من طريق معن به.\n(^٦) هو يزيد بن عبد الملك بن المغيرة القرشى الهاشمى النوفلى، أبو المغيرة، ويقال: أبو خالد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ١٠٢، والكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٩٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤٣٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٣٤٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٦٨: ضعيف.","vol":"1","page":393},{"text":"النَّحْوِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَني الفَضلُ بنُ زيادٍ قالَ: سأَلتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ، يَعنِي أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ النَّوفَلِيِّ فقالَ: شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ لَيسَ به بأْسٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ولأبِي هريرةَ فيه أصلٌ، فقَد:\n\n٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِس، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدَّثَني ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، سمِع عمرَ بنَ أبي وهبٍ، سمِع جَميلَ بنَ بَشيرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ: مَن أفضَى بيَدِه إلى فرجِه فليَتَوَضّأْ (^٢). هَكَذا مَوقوفٌ.\nوقيل: عن جَميلٍ عن أبي وهبٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٦٥٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن عمرَ بنِ أبي وهبٍ، عن جَميلٍ العِجلِيِّ، عن أبي وهبٍ الخُزاعِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: مَن مَسَّ فرجَه فليَتَوَضّأْ، ومَن مَسَّه -يَعنِي مِن وراءِ الثَّوبِ- فلَيسَ عليه وُضوءٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤٢٧.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢١٦، وفيه: \"قال عبد الصمد ... \"وليس فيه: \"ابن يحيى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٥٨). وينظر علل الدارقطني ٨/ ١٣٢.","vol":"1","page":394},{"text":"٦٥١ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو سَعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو (^٢): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نافِعٍ وابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"إذا أفضَى أحَدُكُم بيَدِه إلى ذَكَرِه فليتَوَضّأْ\" (^٣). وزاد بن نافعٍ فقالَ: عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النبيِّ (^٤) - ﷺ -.\nقال الشافعيُّ رحِمه الله تعالَى: وسَمِعتُ غَيرَ واحِدٍ مِنَ الحُفَّاظِ يَرويه لا يَذكُرونَ فيه جابِرًا. وزادَ أبو سعيدٍ في حَديثِه: قال الشافعيُّ: والإِفضاءُ باليَدِ إنَّما هو ببَطنِها، كما يُقالُ: أفضَى بيَدِه مُبايِعًا، وأفضَى بيَدِه إلى الأرضِ ساجِدًا، وإِلَى رُكبَتَيه راكِعًا (^٥).\n\n٦٥٢ - وأمَّا الحديث الذي أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَنَفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه طَلقِ بنِ عليٍّ قال: خَرَجْنا إلى\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"أبو عبد اللَّه الحافظ و\".\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"قالا\"، وبعده في ر: \"وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"لعله سقط وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن وهو الصواب\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٩)، والشافعى ١/ ١٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٨٠) من طريق ابن نافع به. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: في إسناده مقال، عقبة بن عبد الرحمن ذكره ابن حبان في الثقات، وقال ابن المديني: شيخ مجهول، وباقى رجاله ثقات. ينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٤٢٧ (٢٣).\n(^٥) الأم ١/ ١٩، ٢٠.","vol":"1","page":395},{"text":"نَبِيِّ اللَّه - ﷺ - وفدًا حَتَّى قَدِمنا عليه فبايَعناه وصَلَّينا معه، فجاءَ رجلٌ كأنه بَدَوِيٌّ\nفقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما تَرَى في مَسِّ الرَّجُلِ ذكَرَه بعدَ ما يَتَوَضّأُ؟ فقالَ: \"وهَل هو إلا بَضعَةٌ، أو مُضغَةٌ، مِنكَ؟ \" (^١). فهَذا حَديثٌ رواه مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو هَكَذا. قال أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصِّبغِيُّ (^٢): مُلازِمٌ فيه نَظَرٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ اليَمامِيُّ (^٤) وأَيُّوبُ بنُ عُتبَةَ (^٥) عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ (^٦)، وكِلاهُما ضَعيفٌ. ورواه عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ عن قَيسٍ، أن طَلقًا سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ -. فأَرسَلَه (^٧). [وعِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ أمثَلُ مَن رواه عن قَيسٍ] (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٢)، والترمذى (٨٥)، والنسائي (١٦٥)، وابن حبان (١١٢٠) من طريق ملازم بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: هذا الحديث أصح شئ روى في هذا الباب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٧).\n(^٢) في س، د: \"الضبعى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٢١، سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٨٣.\n(^٣) هو ملازم بن عمرو بن عبد الله بن بدر الحنفى السحيمى، أبو عمرو، لقبه لزيم، ويقال: لزم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٧٣، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٣٥، وثقات ابن حبان ٩/ ١٩٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ١٨٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٩١: صدوق.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن جابر بن سيار بن طلق اليمامى السحيمى، أبو عبد الله. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٢٧٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٦٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٢١٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤٩٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٨٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٤٩: صدوق ذهبت كتبه فساء حفظه وخلط كثيرًا.\n(^٥) هو أيوب بن عتبة اليمامي، أبو يحيى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٥٣، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٣٤٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٤٨٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٩٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٤٠٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٩٠: ضعيف.\n(^٦) ستأتى رواية محمد بن جابر مسندة في الحديث التالى، وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٨٦) من طريق أيوب بن عتبة به.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٧) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٨) ليس في: ب.","vol":"1","page":396},{"text":"وعِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ قَدِ اختَلَفوا في تَعديلِه (^١)، غَمَزَه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، وضَعَّفَه البخاريُّ جِدًّا. وأَمّا قَيسُ بنُ طَلقٍ (^٢)، فقَد رَوَى الزَّعفَرانِيُّ عن الشافعيِّ أنَّه قالَ: سأَلْنا عن قَيس فلَم نَجِدْ مَن يَعرِفُه بما يَكونُ لَنا قَبولُ خَبَرِهِ (^٣). وقَد عارَضه مَن وصَفنا ثِقَتَه ورَجاحَتَه في الحديث وثبَتَهُ (^٤). وفيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ النَّقّاشُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى القاضِي السَّرَخسِيُّ، حدثنا رَجاءُ بنُ مُرَجَّى الحافظُ في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: فقالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: قَد أكثَرَ النّاسُ في قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، ولا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِهِ (^٥). وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قالَ. قالَ ابنُ أبي حاتِمٍ: سأَلتُ أبي وأَبا زُرعَةَ عن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ جابِر هذا فقالا: قَيسُ بنُ طَلقٍ لَيسَ مِمَّن تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ. ووَهَّناه ولَم يُثَبِّتاه (^٦). ثم إنَّه كان -إن صَحَّ- في ابتِداءِ الهِجرَةِ حينَ كان\n_________\n(^١) هو عكرمة بن عمار، أبو عمار العجلي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١٠، وتاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٢٥٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٢٥٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٩٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ٢٦١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٠: صدوق يغلط.\n(^٢) هو قيس بن طلق بن علي الحنفى اليمامي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٣١٣، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٩٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٣٩٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٢٩: صدوق.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"تثبته\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الخلافيات (٥٩٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٠، وقال الذهبى: هذا في سنده محمد بن الحسن النقَّاش وهو هالك. وقد وثقة ابن معين في تاريخه برواية الدارمى (٤٨٦). وينظر ميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٩.","vol":"1","page":397},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَبنى مَسجِدَه، وَسَماعُ أبي هريرةَ وغَيرِه مِمَّن رُوِّينا عنه في ذلكَ كان بَعدَه، وهو فيما:\n\n٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جابِرٍ قال: حدَّثَني قَيسُ بنُ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمتُ على النبي - ﷺ - وهو يَبنى المَسجِدَ فقالَ: \"اخلِطِ الطّينَ فإِنَّكَ أعلمُ بخَلطِه [يايَمامِيُّ] (^١). فسأَلتُه أو سأَلَه رجلٌ فقالَ: أرأَيتَ الرَّجُلَ يَتَوَضأُ ثم يَمَسُّ ذَكَرَهُ؟ فقالَ: \"إنما هو مِنكَ\" (^٢).\nثم قَد حَمَلَه بَعضُ أصحابِنا على مَسِّه إيَّاه بظَهرِ كَفِّهِ.\n\n٦٥٤ - ففيما أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ قال: حدَّثني شَيخٌ لَنا مِن أهلِ اليَمامَةِ يُقالُ له: قَيسُ بنُ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أو سمِع رجلًا يَسأَلُه، قال: بَينَما أنا أصَلِّي فذَهَبتُ أحُكُّ فخِذِي فأصابَت يَدِي ذكرِي. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هو مِنكَ\" (^٣). والظّاهِرُ مِن حالِ مَن يَحُكُّ فخِذَه فأَصابَت يَدُه ذكَرَه أنه إنَّما يُصيبُه بظَهرِ كَفِّه، واللَّه أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م، وفي س: \"يايمانى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٥٩ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣٢، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٥٦٧) من طريق همام به.","vol":"1","page":398},{"text":"٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثني أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِيُّ العَدلُ الحافظُ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى القاضِي السَّرَخسِيُّ، حدثنا رَجاءُ بنُ مُرَجَّى الحافظُ قالَ: اجتَمَعنا في مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ أنا وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، فتَناظَروا في مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ فقالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: يُتَوَضّأُ مِنه. وتَقَلَّدَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ قَولَ الكوفيّينَ وقالَ بهِ. واحتَجَّ ابنُ مَعينٍ بحَديثِ بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ، واحتَجَّ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ بحَديثِ قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، وقالَ ليَحيَى: كَيفَ تتقَلَّدُ إسنادَ بُسرَةَ ومَروانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ أرسَلَ شُرَطيًّا حَتَّى رَدَّ جَوابَها إلَيهِ؟ فقالَ يَحيَى: ثم لم يُقنِعْ ذلكَ عُروةَ حَتَّى أتَى بُسرَةَ فسأَلَها وشافَهَته بالحَديثِ. ثم قالَ يَحيَى: ولَقَد أكثَرَ النّاسُ في قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ وأنَّه لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِهِ. فقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَل: كِلا الأمرَينِ على ما قُلتُما. فقالَ يَحيَى (^١): مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ: يُتَوَضّأُ مِن مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ. فَقالَ عَلِيٌّ: كان ابنُ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: لا يُتَوَضّأُ مِنه، وإِنَّما هو بَضعَةٌ مِن جَسَدِكَ. فقالَ يَحيَى: هذا عَمَّن؟ فقالَ: عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه. وإِذا اجتَمَعَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ وابنُ عمرَ واختَلَفا فابنُ مَسعودٍ أولَى أن يُتَّبَعَ. فقالَ له أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: نَعَم ولَكِن أبو قَيسٍ الأودِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِهِ. فقالَ عَلِيٌّ: حدَّثني أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمّارٍ قالَ: ما أُبالِي مَسِستُه أو أنفِي. فقالَ يَحيَى: بَينَ عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ وعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ مَفازَةٌ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن\". وينظر المستدرك ١/ ١٣٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٨)، والخلافيات (٥٩٨)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٩. وعنده الزيادة التى سيذكرها المصنف في الإسناد التالى.","vol":"1","page":399},{"text":"٦٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ النَّقَّاشُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى القاضِي السَّرَخسِيُّ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه وبَعضِ مَعناه. وقالَ في آخِرِه في حَديثِ عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن عمَّار فقالَ أحمدُ: عَمّارٌ وابنُ عمرَ استَوَيا، فمَن شاءَ أخَذَ بهَذا، ومَن شاءَ أخَذَ بهَذا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِي أنه قال في حَديثِ بُسرَةَ وسَماعِ عُروةَ مِنها كما قال يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ. وكأَنَّه رَجَعَ في ذلكَ إلى قَولِ يَحيَى وتَقليدِ حَديثِ بُسرَةَ.\nأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ: قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِي: اجتَمَعَ سُفيانُ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ فتَذاكَرا مَسَّ الذكَرِ، فقالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: يُتَوَضأُ مِنه. وقالَ سُفيانُ: لا يُتَوَضأُ مِنه. فقالَ سُفيانُ: أرأَيتَ لَو أن رجلًا أمسَكَ بيَدِه مَنيًّا ما كان عَلَيهِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: يَغسِلُ يَدَه. قال: فأَيُّهُما أكبَرُ؛ المنيُّ أو مَسِّ الذَّكَرِ؟ فقالَ: ما ألقاها على لِسانِكَ إلا الشيطانُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما أرادَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أن السنة لا تُعارَضُ بالقياسِ. وذكَر الشافعيُّ في رِوايَةِ الزعفرانيِّ عنه أن الذي قال مِنَ الصحابَةِ: لا وُضوءَ فيه.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٥٠، وفيه محمد بن الحسن النقاش. وتقدم كلام الذهبى فيه في (٦٥٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٦٠١)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٣٩) عن الثورى قال: سمعته يقول: دعانى وابن جريج بعض أمرائهم.","vol":"1","page":400},{"text":"فإِنَّما قالَه بالرّأي، ومَن أوجَبَ الوُضوءَ فيه فلا يُوجِبُه إلا بالاتِّباعِ (^١).\n\n٦٥٧ - وأَمّا الحديث الذي أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن عيسَى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، [عن أبي لَيلَى] (^٢) قال: كُنّا عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فجاءَ الحسنُ فأَقبَلَ يَتَمَرَّغُ عليه، فرَفَعَ عن قَميصِه وقَبَّلَ زُبيبَتَه (^٣). فهَذا إسنادٌ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ، ولَيسَ فيه أنَّه مَسَّه بيَدِه ثم صلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-210>بابٌ في مَسِّ الأُنثَيَيِن</span>\n\n٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ الطّوسِيُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حاضرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ صاحِبُ أبي صَخرَةَ، أخبرنا عَلِيٌّ، يَعنِي ابنَ مُسلِمٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ الوَكيلُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَر، عن هِشامِ بنِ عروةَ، عن أبيه، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ قالَت: سمعت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الخلافيات (٦٠٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في كتاب العيال (٢١٠)، والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء ١/ ٩٠ (٣٣٨) من طريق محمد بن عمران به، وسقط عيسى من مطبوع ابن أبي الدنيا.","vol":"1","page":401},{"text":"\"مَن مسَّ ذكرَه أو أُنثَيَيه (^١) أو رُفغَه (^٢) فليتوَضّأْ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الطّوسِي: \"أو رُفغَيه فليتَوَضّأْ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\nقالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: كَذا رواه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن هِشامٍ، ووَهِمَ في ذِكرِه الأُنثَيَينِ والرُّفغَ، وإِدراجِه ذلكَ في حَديثِ بُسرَةَ عن النبي - ﷺ -، والمَحفوظُ أن ذلكَ مِن قَولِ عُروةَ غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ. كَذَلِكَ رواه الثقاتُ عن هِشامٍ؛ مِنهُم أيّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وغَيرهُما (^٤).\n\n٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ السَّراجُ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه البَصرِيُّ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، والحُسَين (^٥) بنُ إسماعيلَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ السَّرَّاجُ، قالوا: حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ، أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن مَسَّ ذَكَرَه فليتوَضّأ\". قال: وكانَ عُروَةُ يقولُ: إذا مسَّ رُفغيه أو\n_________\n(^١) الأنثيان: الخصيتان. المصباح المنير ص ١٠ (أن ث).\n(^٢) الرفغ: أصل الفخذ وسائر المغابن، وكل موضع اجتمع فيه الوسخ فهو رفغ. المصباح المنير ص ٨٩ (ر ف غ).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٨، وفي العلل ١٥/ ٣٣٠، ٣٣١. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٢٠٠ (٥١١)، والخطيب في المدرج ١/ ٣٤٣، ٣٤٤ من طريق علي بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٨، وفي العلل ١٥/ ٣١٥.\n(^٥) في م: \" الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٢٥٨.","vol":"1","page":402},{"text":"أُنَثَييه أو ذكَرَه فليَتَوَضّأْ (^١).\n\n٦٦٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قالَ: كان أبي يقولُ: إذا مَسَّ رُفغَه أو أُنثَييَه أو فرجَه فلا يُصَلِّي حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ (^٢).\nوروِي ذلكَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ مِن وجهٍ آخر مُدرَجًا في الحديثِ (^٣)، وهو وهْمٌ، والصَّوابُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ عُروَةَ. والقياسُ أن لا وُضوءَ في المَسِّ، وإِنَّما اتَّبعَنا السُّنَّةَ في إيجابِه بمَسِّ الفَرجِ، فلا يَجِبُ بغَيرِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-211>باب في مسِّ الإِبِطِ</span>\n\n٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ يَسأَلُ سُفيانَ -يَعنِي ابنَ عُيَينَةَ- عن هذا الحديث: تَيَمَّمنا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إلى المَناكِبِ. فقالَ سُفيانُ: حَضَرتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أتَى الزُّهرِيَّ فقالَ: يا أبا بكرٍ، إنَّ النّاسَ يُنكِرونَ عَلَيكَ حَديثَينِ. قالَ: وما هُما؟ فقالَ: تَيَمَّمنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى المَناكِبِ. فقالَ الزُّهرِيُّ: أخبرَنيه عُبَيدُ اللَّهُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه عن عَمّارٍ قالَ: تَيَمَّمنا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إلى المَناكِبِ. فقالَ إسماعيلُ: وحَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ في مَسِّ الإبطِ. فكأَنَّ الزُّهرِيَّ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٨، وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٢٠٠ (٥١٠) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٤٨. وقال: كلهم ثقات. ومن طريقه الحاكم ١/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ٣٤٧ من طريق أيوب السختيانى عن هشام به.","vol":"1","page":403},{"text":"كَفَّ عنه كالمُنكِرِ له أو أنكَرَه، فأَتَيتُ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ فأَخبَرتُه وقَد كُنتُ سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ به عن الزُّهريِّ، فقالَ عمرٌو: بَلَى حدَّثني الزُّهرِيُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، أن عمرَ أمَرَ رجلًا أن يَتَوَضأَ مِن مسِّ الإِبطِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ الإبِطِ مُرسَل، عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ لم يُدرِكْ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ، وقَدَ أنكَرَه الزُّهرِيُّ بعدَ ما حدَّث بهِ، وقَد يَكونُ أمَرَ بغَسلِ اليَدِ مِنه تَنظيفًا، والله أعلَمُ.\nوروِي عن ابنِ عمرَ وابنِ عباسٍ يُخالِفُ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه في ذَلِكَ:\n\n٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: إذا تَوَضّأَ الرَّجل ومَسَّ إبْطَه أعادَ الوُضوءَ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا خَلَفُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، عن أبي سِنانٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَيسَ عليه إعادَة (^٢).\nوقَد روِي عن ابنِ عمرَ ما يوافِقُ ابنَ عباسٍ:\n\n٦٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السكريُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ينُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٢٩، والحميدي (١٤٣).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٥١. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٣٩، ١٤٠) من طريق خلف به.","vol":"1","page":404},{"text":"حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ الرَّازِيِّ، عن يَحيَى البَكّاءِ قالَ: رأَيتُ ابنَ عمرَ أدخَلَ يَدَه في إبْطِه وهو في الصَّلاةِ، ثم مَضَى في صلاتِهِ (^١)\n\n٦٦٥ - أخْبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاق، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن نافِعٍ، أنعبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان يَتَوَضّأُ في الحَرِّ ويُمِرُّ يَدَيه على إبْطَيه، ولا يَنقُضُ ذلكَ وُضوءَه (^٢).\nوعَن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ ويَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ ومالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ قالوا: لَيس في مَسِّ الإبْطِ وُضوءٌ. يَقولُه ابنُ وهب (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وهو قَولُ الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ والحارِثِ العُكلِي (^٤) مِنَ التّابِعينَ وهو قَولُ الشافعيِّ، رحِمنا اللَّهُ وإيَّاهُم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-212>بابٌ في مسِّ الأنجاسِ الرَّطبةِ</span>\n\n٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ قالَت: سَمِعتُ جَدَّتي أسماءَ تَقولُ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن دَمِ الحَيْضَةِ يصيبُ الثَّوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠٨)، وابن سعد ٤/ ١٧٢ من طريق أبي جعفر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠٧) عن عبد الله بن عمر عن نافع به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (١٤١).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٠٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٣)، والأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (١٤١).","vol":"1","page":405},{"text":"فقالَ: \"حُتّيه ثم اقرُصيه بالماءِ، ثم رُشّيه ثم صَلِّي فيه\" (^١). زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشافعيُّ: فإِذا أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بدَمِ الحَيضِ أن يُغسَلَ باليَدِ ولَم يأمُرْ بالوُضوءِ مِنه، والدمُ أنجَسُ [مِنَ الذَّكَرِ] (^٢)، فكُلُّ ما ماسَّ (^٣) مِن نَجَسٍ ما كان قياسٌ عليه بألا يَكونَ مِنه وُضوءٌ، وِإذا كان هذا في النَّجَسِ، فما لَيسَ بنَجَسٍ أولَى ألا يوجِبَ وُضوءًا، إلا ما جاءَ فيه الخَبَرُ بعَينِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-213>بابٌ في مسِّ الأنجاس اليابسة</span>\n\n٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بالسَّوقِ داخِلًا مِن بَعضِ العاليَةِ والناسُ كَنَفَتَيه (^٥)، فمَرَّ بجَديٍ أسَكَّ (^٦) مَيِّتٍ، فتَناوَلَه فأَخَذَ يَعنِي بأُذُنِه، ثم قال: \"أيُّكُم يُحِبُّ أن هذا له بدِرهَمٍ؟ \". فقالوا: مما نُحِبُّ أنَّه لَنا بشَئٍ، وما نَصنَعُ بهِ؟ قال: \"أتُحِبُّونَ أنَّه لَكُم\"؟. قالوا: واللَّه لَو كان حَيًّا كان عَيبًا فيه لأنَّه أسَكُّ، فكَيفَ وهو مَيِّتٌ؟ فقالَ: \"فواللَّهِ لَلدُّنيا أهوَنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٦).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) في س، د، م: \"لمس\".\n(^٤) الأم ١/ ٢٠.\n(^٥) الكنف: الجانب والناحية، والمراد أنهم أحاطوا به من جانبيه. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٠٥، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ٩٣.\n(^٦) أسك: قيل: هو الصغير الأذنين الملتصقهما، وهو أيضا الذي لا أذنان له والذي قطعت أذناه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٦. وقال في إكمال المعلم ٨/ ٢٥٩: يعنى صغير الأذنين.","vol":"1","page":406},{"text":"على اللَّهِ مِن هذا عَلَيكُم\" (^١). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدَّثَني عليّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عمرَ قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نُصلِّي مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - ولا نَتَوَضأُ مِن مَوطئٍ (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ وشَريكٌ وجَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، إلا أنَّهُم لم يَقولوا: مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\nورواه أبو مُعاويَةَ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه كما:\n\n٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى، أخبرَنا [حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^٥) الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، أو حُدِّثه عنه قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: كُنّا نُصلِّي لا نكُفُّ شَعَرًا ولا ثَوبًا ولا نَتَوَضّأُ مِن مَوطئٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٦) عن القعنبى به. وأحمد (١٤٩٣٠)، ومسلم (٢/ ٢٩٥٧) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢/ ٢٩٥٧).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٧١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٤) من طريق ابن إدريس وشريك وجرير به. وابن ماجه (١٠٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٩).\n(^٥) في م: \"أحمد بن حاجب\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٧) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وابن ماجه (١٠٤) من طريق الأعمش.","vol":"1","page":407},{"text":"وهَكَذا رواه هَنَّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، ورواه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي مُعاويَةَ كما:\n\n٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السريُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، أَو حُدِّثه عنه قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه -وقالَ هَنّادٌ: عن شَقيقٍ، أو حدِّثه عنه- قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-214>بابُ تَركِ الوُضوءِ مِن خُروجِ الدَّمِ مِن غَيرِ مَخرَجِ الحَدَثِ</span>\n\n٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثني صَدَقَةُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ ذاتِ الرِّقاعِ مِن نَخلٍ (^٢)، فأَصابَ رجلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ امرأَةَ رجلٍ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قافِلًا أتَى زَوجُها وكانَ غائبًا، فلَمّا أُخبِرَ الخَبَرَ حَلَفَ لا يَنتَهِي حَتَّى يُهَريق في أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -، فخَرَجَ يَتبَعُ أثَرَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مَنزِلًا فقالَ: \" [مَن رجلٌ] (^٣) يَكلَؤُنا لَيلَتَنا هَذِهِ؟ \". فانتدبَ رجلٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ ورَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالا: نَحنُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فكُونا بفَمِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٤)، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٩).\n(^٢) نخل: موضع بنجد من أرض غطفان. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٧٦٨.\n(^٣) في س: \"مروا رجلا\".","vol":"1","page":408},{"text":"الشِّعبِ\". فلَمّا أن خَرَجا إلى فمِ الشِّعبِ قال الأنصارِيُّ لِلمُهاجِرِيِّ: أيُّ اللَّيلِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أن أكفيَكَه أوَّلَه، أو آخِرَهُ؟ قال: بَل اكفِنِي أوَّلَه. فاضطَجَعَ المُهاجِرِيُّ فنامَ، وقامَ الأنصارِيُّ يُصَلِّي، وأَتَى زَوجُ المَرأَةِ، فلَمّا رأَى شَخصَ الرَّجُلِ عَرَفَ أنَّه رَبيئَةُ (^١) القَومِ، فرَماه بسَهمٍ فوَضَعَه فيه، فنَزَعَه فوَضَعَه، وثَبَتَ قائمًا يُصَلِّي، ثم رَماه بسَهمٍ آخَرَ فوَضَعَه فيه، فنَزَعَه فوَضَعَه، وثَبَتَ قائمًا يُصَلِّي، ثم عادَ له الثّالِثَةَ فوَضَعَه فيه، فنَزَعَه فوَضَعَه، ثم رَكَعَ فسَجَدَ، ثم أهَبَّ (^٢) صاحِبَه فقالَ: اجلِسْ فقَد أُثْبِتُّ (^٣). فوَثَبَ، فلَمّا رآهُما الرَّجُلُ عَرَفَ أنَّه قَد نَذِرا به (^٤) فهَرَبَ، فلَمّا رأَى المُهاجِرِيُّ ما بالأَنصارِيِّ مِنَ الدِّماءِ قال: سبحانَ اللَّه! أفَلا أهبَبتَنِي أوَّلَ ما رَماكَ؟ قال: كُنتُ في سورَةٍ أقرؤُها فلَم أُحِبَّ أن أقطَعَها حَتَّى أُنفِدَها، فلَمّا تابَعَ عَلَيَّ الرَّميَ رَكَعتُ فآذَنتُكَ، وايمُ اللَّهِ لَولا أن أُضيعَ ثَغرًا أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بحِفظِه لَقَطعَ (^٥) نَفسِي قبلَ أن أقطَعَها أو أُنفِدَها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ربيئة القوم: هو الرقيب الذي يشرف على المرقب ينظر العدو من أى وجه يأتى فينذر أصحابه، وإنما قيل له: ربيئة لأنه يكون على جبل أو شرف. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٤٩، ومعالم السنن ١/ ٧٠.\n(^٢) أهبه: أنهضه. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"أتيت\". وأثبتته الجراحة: حبسته في مكان لا يفارقه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٤) أى: شعرا به وعلما مكانه. معالم السنن ١/ ٧٠.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"لقطعت\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩)، والخلافيات (٦٠٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٦، ١٥٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٦) من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وأحمد (١٤٧٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٩٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (١٨٤٩٢).","vol":"1","page":409},{"text":"٦٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثني صَدَقَةُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن عَقيلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن جابِرٍ. فذكَره بمَعناه مُختَصَرًا. وفِي آخِرِه: فلمَّا رأَى المُهاجِرِيُّ ما بالأنصارِيِّ مِنَ الدِّماءِ قال: سبحانَ اللَّه! أَلا أنبَهتَنِي أوَّلَ ما رَمَى (^١)؟ قال: كُنتُ في سورَةٍ أقرؤُها فلَم أحبُّ أن أقطَعَها (^٢).\n\n٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا احتَجَمَ غَسَلَ مَحاجِمَه (^٣). ورَوَى الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ هَذا.\nوعَن رجُلٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: [اغسِلْ أثَرَ المَحاجِمِ عَنكَ وحَسبُكَ] (^٤).\nوروّينا فيه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبي - ﷺ -، إلا أن في إسنادِه ضَعفًا (^٥):\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"رماك\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٢).\n(^٣) المحاجم مواضع الحجامة. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٤٧ (ح ج م).\nوالاثر عند المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠)، والمعرفة (٢١٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٧١) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"اغسلوا أثر المحاجم عنكم وحسبكم\".\nوالأثر ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٣٧، والصغرى (٤٣)، والخلافيات عقب (٦٠٨).\n(^٥) في س، ب، م: \"ضعفاء\".","vol":"1","page":410},{"text":"٦٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ مُقاتِلٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ (^١) أبو أيّوبَ القُرَشِيُّ بالرَّقَّةِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأ ولَم يَزِدْ على غَسلِ مَحاجِمِهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سفيان، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، يَعنِي ابنَ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن التَّيمِيِّ، عن بكرٍ، يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عمرَ عَصرَ بَثرَةً في وجهِه فخَرَجَ شَئٌ مِن دَمٍ فحَكَّه بَينَ إصبَعَيه ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في مَعنَى هذا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، ثم عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، والحَسَنِ، وطاوُسٍ، وعَنِ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: لَيسَ على المُحتَجِمِ وُضوءٌ (^٤).\n\n٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ (^٥)،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٥١، ١٥٢، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٦٠٦)، وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١١٣: وفي إسناده صالح بن مقاتل وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٢)، والخلافيات (٦٠٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٥٣) من طريق التيمى به. وصحح إسناده الألبانى في الضعيفة عقب (٤٧٠).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٥٧، ٥٦٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤٧٩، ٤٨١، ١٤٧٨)، والمعرفة للمصنف ١/ ٢٣٧، ٢٣٨، والخلافيات عقب (٦٠٧، ٦١٤ - ٦١٨).\n(^٥) في د: \"حبان\". وينظر تذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ٩٤٥.","vol":"1","page":411},{"text":"حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسينِ (^١) بنِ زاطيا، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا مُطَرفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، حدَّثَني إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي المُجالِدِ، عن أبي الحَكَمِ (^٢) الدِّمَشقِيِّ، أن عُبادَةَ بنَ نُسَيٍّ حدَّثه، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ غَنْم الأشعَرِيِّ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ أنه قال: لَيسَ الوُضوءُ مِنَ الرُّعافِ (^٣) والقَئِ ومَسِّ الذَكَرِ وما مَسَّتِ النارُ بواجِبٍ. فقيلَ له: إنَّ ناسًا يَقولونَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"تَوَضّئوا مِمّا مَسَّتِ النّارُ\". فقالَ: إنَّ قَومًا سَمِعوا ولَم يَعُوا، كُنا نُسَمِّي غَسلَ اليَدِ والفَمِ وُضوءا، ولَيس بواجِبٍ، إنَّما أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - المُؤمِنينَ أن يَغسِلوا أيديَهُم وأَفواهَهُم مِمّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ ولَيسَ بواجِبٍ (^٤). مُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ تكلَّموا فيه (^٥)، والله أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٧٧ - وأَمّا الحديث الذي أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٦) بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عيَّاش، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، والصواب: \"إسحاق\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٣٤٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٢٥٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١١٤، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٢٠٥. وهو عند المصنف على الصواب في الشعب (٣٧٠٨)، والمدخل إلى السنن الكبرى (٤٠٢).\n(^٢) في ب: \"الحكيم\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٦٦/ ١٥١.\n(^٣) الرعاف: خروج الدم من الأنف، ويقال: الرعاف الدم نفسه. المصباح المنير ص ٨٨ (ر ع ف).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٧١ (١٣٤) من طريق مطرف به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١/ ٢٥٣: وفيه مطرف بن مازن وقد نسب إلى الكذب.\n(^٥) هو مطرف بن مازن الكنانى قاضى اليمن. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ٢٩، والكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٣٧٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٢٥، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٦) في د، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"1","page":412},{"text":"قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قاءَ أحَدُكُم في صَلاِته أو قَلَس (^١) أو رَعَفَ فليتَوَضّأْ، ثم ليَبقِ على ما مَضَى مِن صَلاِته ما لم يَتَكَلَّمْ\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا الحديثُ رواه ابنُ عَيّاشٍ مَرَّةً هَكَذا، ومَرَّةً قال: عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ، وكِلاهُما غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ أبي عِصمَةَ، حدثنا أبو طالِبٍ أحمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبلٍ يقولُ: إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ ما رَوَى عن الشّاميّينَ صَحيحٌ، وما رَوَى عن أهلِ الحِجازِ فلَيسَ بصحيحٍ. قال: وسأَلتُ أحمدَ عن حَديثِ ابنِ عَيّاشٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قاءَ أو رَعَفَ ... \". الحديث. فقالَ: هَكَذا رواه ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، وإِنَّما رواه ابنُ جُرَيجِ عن أبيه ولَم يُسنِدْه عن أبيه، لَيسَ فيه عائشَةُ (^٤).\n\n٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وإِبراهيمُ بنُ هانئ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ طَيفورٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) قلس: خرج من بطنه طعام أو شراب إلى الفم، وسواء ألقاه أو أعاده إلى بطنه إذا كان ملء الفم أو دونه، فإذا غلب فهو قئ. المصباح المنير ص ١٩٦ (ق ل س).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٥/ ١٩٢٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٥٣ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢٨٨، ٥/ ١٩٢٧، ١٩٢٨.","vol":"1","page":413},{"text":"الأنصاريُّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ والحَسَنُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا قاءَ أحَدُكُم أو قَلَسَ أو وجَدَ مَذْيًا وهو في الصَّلاةِ فليَنصَرِفْ فليتَوَضَّأْ، وليَرجِعْ فليَبنِ على صَلاتِه ما لم يَتَكَلَّم\" (^١).\nقال أبو الحسنِ: قال لَنا أبو بكرٍ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقولُ: هذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وهو مُرسَلٌ، وأمَّا حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ الذي يَرويه إسماعيلُ بنُ عيَّاش فلَيسَ بشَئٍ. قال الشافعيُّ في حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبيه: لَيسَت هَذِه الرِّوايَةُ بثابِتَةٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٢). وحَمَلَه مَعَ ما روِي فيه عن ابنِ عمرَ وغَيرِه على غَسلِ بَعضِ الأعضاءِ.\nقال الشيخ: وقَد رواه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ مَرَّةً هَكَذا مُرسَلًا كما رواه الجَماعَةُ، وهو المَحفوظُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وهو مُرسَلٌ.\nقال الزَّعفرانيُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ فيما رَوَى عن ابنِ عمرَ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّهُما كانا يَرعُفانِ فيَتَوَضّآنِ ويَبنيانِ على ما صَلَّيا: رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّهُما لم يَكونا يَرَيانِ في الدمِ وُضوءًا، وإِنَّما مَعنَى وُضوئِهما عندَنا غَسلُ الدَّمِ وما أصابَ مِنَ الجَسَدِ، لا وُضوءُ الصلاةِ، وقَد روِي عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه غَسَلَ يَدَيه مِن طَعامٍ ثم مَسَحَ ببَلَلِ يَدَيه وجهَه وقالَ: هذا وُضوءُ مَن لم يُحدِثْ. وهَذا مَعروف مِن كَلامِ العَرَبِ، يُسَمَّى وُضوءًا لِغَسلِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٥٥.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٣٨.","vol":"1","page":414},{"text":"بَعضِ الأعضاءِ لا لِكَمالِ وُضوءِ الصَّلاةِ، وهذا مَعنَى ما روِي عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الوُضوءِ من الرُّعافِ عندَنا واللهُ أعلَمُ. قال الشافعيُّ: ولَيسَت هَذِه الرِّوايَةُ بثابِتَةٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وعَلَى هذا يُحمَلُ ما روِي عن ثَوبانَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في القَئِ، إن صحَّتِ الرِّوايَةُ فيهِ:\n\n٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزازُ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أبي، عن حُسَين المُعَلِّمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو الأوزاعِيُّ، عن يَعيشَ بنِ الوَليدِ بن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه قال: حدَّثَني مَعدانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاءَ فأَفطَرَ. فلَقيتُ ثَوبانَ في مَسجِدِ دِمَشقَ فذَكَرتُ ذلكَ له فقالَ: أنا صَبَبتُ له وَضوءَه (^٣). وإِسنادُ هذا الحديث مُضطَرِبٌ، واختَلَفوا فيه اختِلافًا شَديدًا واللَّهُ أعلمُ، وهو مَذكورٌ مَعَ سائرِ ما روِي في هذا البابِ في \"الخلافيات\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة ١/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمر الدراوردى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٠٢)، والدارمي (١٧٦٩)، والترمذى (٨٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٥٧) من طريق عبد الصمد به، وقال الترمذي: أصح شئ في هذا الباب. وقد صححه غير واحد منهم ابن حبان وابن خزيمة وابن منده. ينظر التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) الخلافيات (٦٥٩، ٦٦٠).","vol":"1","page":415},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-215>بابُ تَركِ الوُضوءِ من القَهقَهَةِ في الصلاة</span>\n\n٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبي هاشِمٍ الحُسَينِيُّ (^١) بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ قال: سُئلَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه عن الرَّجُلِ يَضحَكُ في الصَّلاةِ قال: يُعيدُ الصَلاةَ ولا يُعيدُ الوُضوءَ (^٢).\n\n٦٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: إذا ضَحِكَ الرَّجل في الصلاةِ أعادَ الصَلاةَ ولَم يُعِدِ الوُضوءَ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، هو الثورِيُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: يُعيدُ الصَلاةَ ولا يُعيدُ الوُضوءَ (^٤). وهَكَذا رواه يَزيدُ أبو (^٥) خالِدٍ عن أبي سُفيانَ:\n\n٦٨٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \" الحنينى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٤٥)، والخلافيات (٦٧٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد الله به. وأبو يعلى (٢٣١٣)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٩٢٥)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣ من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٢ من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"1","page":416},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ أبي خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سُفيانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال في الضَّحِكِ في الصَّلاةِ: لَيسَ عليه إعادَةُ الوُضوءِ (^١). وعَن يَزيدَ أبي خالِدٍ عن الشعبي مثلَه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ بن شُعبَةَ (^٢). وكَذلِكَ رواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن يَزيدَ أبي خالِدٍ (^٣). ورواه أبو شَيبَةَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عثمانَ عن يَزيدَ (^٤) أبي خالِدٍ فرَفَعَه (^٥). وأبو شَيبَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٦)، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مَوقوفٌ. ورواه حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ مِن قَولِهِ (^٧).\n\n٦٨٤ - وأَخبرنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الوَكيلُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ، أنَّه كان يُصَلِّي بالناسِ فرأَوا شَيئًا فضَحِكَ بَعضُ مَن كان معه، فقالَ أبو موسَى حَيثُ انصَرَفَ: مَن كان ضَحِكَ مِنكُم فليُعِدِ الصَلاةَ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٣ من طريق عبد الرحمن ومعاذ به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٣ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) بعده في د: \"بن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٣ من طريق أبي شيبة به.\n(^٦) هو إبراهيم بن عثمان، أبو شيبة الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ١١٣، والتاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣١٠، والجرح والتعديل ١/ ١١٥، والمجروحين ١/ ١٠٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٤٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٩: متروك الحديث.\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٤، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٦٨٠) من طريق حبيب به.\n(^٨) المصنف في الخلافيات (٦٨٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٧٤، ١٧٥.","vol":"1","page":417},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو نُعَيمٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^١)، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنه أنه أمَرَ بالوُضوءِ.\n\n٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، هو البخاريُّ قال: حدَّثني زكريا، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن مَولًى لأبِي أُمامَةَ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: الحَدَثُ ما كان مِنَ النِّصفِ الأسفَلِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفاءُ (^٣)، أخَبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الذينَ يُنتَهَى إلى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، في مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم يَقولونَ فيمَن رَعَفَ: غَسَلَ عنه الدَّمَ ولَم يَتَوَضأْ. وفيمَن ضَحِكَ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧٤ من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٣) في م: \"الوفاء\". وهو علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن يوسف القاضى أبو داود الحسن السامرى الرفاء، وثقة الخطيب وقال: قال لى سبطه ابن حسنون: ما رأيته مفطرًا قط. وقال اللالكائى: كان رجلا صدوقًا صالحًا. توفى سنة (٤٠٢ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٣٢٧، والأنساب ٣/ ٢٠٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٨٦.","vol":"1","page":418},{"text":"الصَّلاةِ: [أَعادَ صلاتَه] (^١)، ولَم يُعِدْ مِنه وُضوءَه (^٢).\nوروّينا نَحوَ قَولِهِم في الضحِكِ عن الشَّعبِيِّ وعَطاءٍ والزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٧ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا هِشام، عن حَفصةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، أن رجلًا أعمَى جاءَ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في الصلاةِ، فتَرَدَّى في بئرٍ، فضحِكَ طَوائفُ مِن أصحابِ النبي - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَن ضَحِكَ أن يُعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصلاةَ (^٤).\nفَهَذا حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ، ومَراسيلُ أبي العاليَةِ لَيسَت بشَئٍ، كان لا يُبالِي عمن أخَذَ حَديثَه، كَذا قال محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ (^٥).\nوقَد روِي عن الحسنِ البَصرِي وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِي والزُّهرِيِّ مُرسَلًا:\n\n٦٨٨ - أمّا حَديثُ الحسنِ فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^٦)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشام، يَعنِي ابنَ حَسّانَ، عن الحسنِ، أن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \" أعادها\"، وفي ب: \"أعاد الصلاة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٠/ ٢٥٠ من طريق إسماعيل القاضى به بغير ذكر الشاهد.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٧٦٥، ٣٧٧٢، ٣٧٧٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٩٢٨، ٣٩٣٠، ٣٩٣٣)، والأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (١٣٠)، والخلافيات للمصنف ٢/ ٣٦٨، ٣٧٠.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٠٢٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧١، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٧٦٤).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"سليمان\".","vol":"1","page":419},{"text":"النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّي بالناسِ، فدَخَلَ أعمَى فتَرَدَّى في بئرٍ كانَت في المَسجِدِ، فضَحِكَ طَوائفُ مِمَّن كان خَلفَ النبي - ﷺ - في صَلاتِهِم، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ مَن كان ضَحِكَ أن يُعيدَ وُضوءَه ويُعيدَ صَلاتَه (^١).\nوقَد رواه أبو حَنيفَةَ عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ عن الحسنِ عن مَعبَدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ عن النبي - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢). وخالَفَه غَيلانُ بنُ جَريرٍ (^٣) فرواه عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن مَعبَدٍ (^٤). ومَعبَدٌ هذا لا صُحبَةَ له، وهو أوَّلُ مَن تكَلَّمَ في القَدَرِ بالبَصرَةِ (^٥). ورواه هُشَيمٌ عن مَنصورٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ مُرسَلًا (^٦).\n\n٦٨٩ - وأَمّا حَديثُ إبراهيمَ فأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: [جاءَ رجلٌ] (^٧) ضَريرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦٥ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسند أبي حنيفة لأبى نعيم ص ٢٢٢، ٢٢٣، وجامع المسانيد للخوارزمى ١/ ٢٤٧، ٢٤٨. وأخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٢٧، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٦٧، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٧٢٧) من طريق أبي حنيفة به.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، والصواب: \"جامع\". وهو كذلك في مصادر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ١٢٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦٧، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٧٢٩) من طريق غيلان بن جامع به.\n(^٥) هو معبد الجهنى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٤٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٤١، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٢٢٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦٢: صدوق مبتدع.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦٧، ١٦٨، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٧٣٠) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٧) في س: \"دخل\".","vol":"1","page":420},{"text":"البَصَرِ والنبيُّ - ﷺ - في الصَّلاةِ فعَثَرَ فتَرَدَّى في بئرٍ فضحِكوا، فأَمَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَن ضَحِكَ أن يُعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n٦٩٠ - وأَمّا حَديثُ الزُّهرِيِّ فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ رجلًا ضَحِكَ في الصَّلاةِ أن يُعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصَّلاةَ (^٢). قال الشافعيُّ: فلَم نَقبَلْ هذا لأنَّه مُرسَل. قال الشافعيُّ: ثم أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن الحسنِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بهَذا الحَديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه الرِّواياتُ كُلُّها راجِعَةٌ إلى أبي العاليَةِ الرِّياحِيِّ (^٤).\nوالَّذِي يَدُلُّ على ذلكَ ما: أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ المَدينِيِّ يقولُ: قال لي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ: حَديثُ الضَّحِكِ في الصَّلاةِ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أن يُعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصَّلاةَ. كُلُّه يَدورُ على أبي العاليَةِ. قال عَلِيٌّ: فقُلتُ: قَد رواه الحسنُ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا. فقالَ عبدُ الرحمنِ:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٧١. وأخرجه محمد بن الحسن الشيبانى في الحجة على أهل المدينة ١/ ٢٠٦، ٢٠٧ عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٢/ ١٨٥ من طريق المصنف عن الحاكم وحده به. والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٠)، الشافعي في الرسالة (١٢٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٢٠)، الشافعي في الرسالة (١٣٠١).\n(^٤) في د: \"الزيادى\".","vol":"1","page":421},{"text":"أخبرنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن حَفصِ بنِ سليمانَ قال: أنا حَدَّثتُ به الحَسَنَ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ. قُلتُ له: قَد رواه إبراهيمُ عن النبي - ﷺ -. فقالَ عبدُ الرحمنِ: حدثنا شَريك، عن أبي هاشِمٍ قال: أنا حَدَّثتُ به إبراهيمَ عن أبي العاليَةِ. فقالَ عَلِيٌّ: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ الرحمنِ: قَد رواه الزُّهرِيُّ عن النبي - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا. قال عبدُ الرحمنِ: قَرأتُ هذا الحديثَ في كِتابِ ابنِ أخِي الزُّهرِيِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سليمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ عن الحَسَنِ. قال: وسَمِعتُ عليًّا يقولُ: أعلمُ الناسِ بهَذا الحديثِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ (^٢) رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: ولَو كان عِندَ الزُّهرِيِّ أوِ الحسنِ فيه حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ لما استَجازا (^٣) القَولَ بخِلافِه، وقَد صَحَّ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحسنِ أنه كان لا يَرَى مِنَ الضَّحِكِ في الصلاةِ وُضوءًا (^٤). وعَن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حمزة وغيره عن الزُّهرِيِّ أنه قال: مِنَ الضحِكِ يُعيدُ الصَلاةَ ولا يُعيدُ الوُضوءَ (^٥).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ قال: قال أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ: وأَكثَرُ ما نُقِمَ على أبي العاليَةِ هذا الحديثُ، وكُلُّ مَن رواه غَيرُه فإِنَّما مَدارُهُم ورُجوعُهُم إلى أبي العاليَةِ، والحَديثُ له وبِه يُعرَفُ، ومَن أجلِ هذا الحديثِ تكلموا في أبي\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٠٢٩، ١٠٣٠. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦٦، ١٧١، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٧٦١)، والمعرفة (٢٢١) من طريق إسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضى به.\n(^٢) هو المصنف أحمد بن الحسين البيهقى ﵀.\n(^٣) في د: \"استجاز\".\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الخلافيات ٢/ ٤١٦، ولكن حكى ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٢٦ أنه كان يرى أن الضحك في الصلاة بنقض الوضوء.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦٦، ١٦٧ من طريق شعيب به بنحوه.","vol":"1","page":422},{"text":"العاليَةِ، وسائرُ أحاديثِه مُستَقيمَةٌ صالِحَةٌ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سليمانَ بنَ حَربٍ ذكَر حَديثَ أبي العاليَةِ، أن رجلًا ضَحِكَ في الصلاةِ فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يعيدَ الوُضوءَ والصَّلاةَ. فضَعَّفَه (^٢). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قال: سَمِعت يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: مُرسَلاتُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أحسَنُ مِن مُرسَلاتِ الحسنِ، ومُرسَلاتُ إبراهيمَ صَحيحَةٌ، إلا حَديثَ تاجِرِ البحرَينِ، وحَديثَ الضحِكِ في الصَّلاةِ، ومُرسَلُ الزُّهرِيِّ لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِي ذلكَ بأَسانيدَ مَوصولَةٍ إلا أنَّها ضعيفةٌ قَد بَيَّنتُ ضَعفَها في \"الخلافيات\".\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى المُطَرِّزُ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى، هو الذُهلِيُّ يقولُ: لم يَثبُتْ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الضَّحِكِ في الصَّلاةِ خَبَرٌ (^٤).\nوأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: قَرأتُ بخَطِّ أبي عمرٍو المُستَملِي:\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٠٣٠.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٢٣.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٢٠٦، ٢٢١ (٩٥٧، ٩٥٨، ١٠٢٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٤)، والخلافيات (٧٦٧).","vol":"1","page":423},{"text":"سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ أبي العاليَةِ وتَوابِعِه في الضَّحِكِ فقالَ: واهٍ ضَعيف. وفِي رِوايَةِ الحسنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الصبَّاح الزَّعْفَرانِيِّ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيِّ في حَديثِ الضحِكِ في الصَّلاةِ: لَو ثَبَتَ عندَنا الحديثُ بذَلِكَ لَقُلنا بهِ، والذِي يَزعُمُ أن عليه الوُضوءَ في القَهقَهَةِ يَزعُمُ أن القياسَ ألا يَنتَقِضَ، ولَكِنَّه زعم (^١) يَتْبَعُ الآثارَ، فلَو كان يَتْبَعُ مِنها الصَّحيحَ المَعروفَ كان بذَلِكَ عندَنا حَميدًا، ولَكِنَّه يَرُدُّ مِنها الصَّحيحَ المَوصولَ المَعروفَ، ويَقبَلُ الضَّعيفَ المُنقَطِعَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-216>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن الكلام وإن عَظُمَ لم يَكنْ فيه وُضوءٌ</span>\n\n٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّه إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطائيُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ عبدُ القُدّوسِ بنُ الحجَّاج، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه: \"مَن حَلَفَ مِنكُم فقالَ في حَلِفِه باللَّاتِ والعُزَّى. فليقُلْ: لا إلَهَ إلا الله. ومَن قال لِصاحِبِه: تَعالَ أُقامِركَ. فليتَصَدَّقْ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٥٤٥) من طريق أبي المغيرة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٨٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٩٦) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (٨٠٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣٢٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥)، وابن حبان (٥٧٠٥) من طرق عن الزهرى به. وسيأتي في (١٩٨٦٢).","vol":"1","page":424},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" [عن إسحاقَ عن أبي] (^١) المُغيرَةِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن الوَليدِ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمد بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيم يَعنِي ابنَ سعدٍ (^٣)، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ باللَّاتِ (^٤) فليَقُلْ: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\" (^٥). قالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: ولَم يَبلُغنِي أنَّه ذكَر في ذلكَ وُضوءًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-217>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في الأخذِ مِنَ الأظفارِ والشّارِبِ وما ذُكِرَ مَعَهُما وأنْ لا وُضوءَ في شَيءٍ مِن ذَلِكَ</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٤]، الآية.\n\n٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زكريا العَنبَرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ﴾. قالَ: ابتَلاه اللَّه ﷿ بالطهارِةِ؛ خَمسٌ في الرّأسِ، وخَمسٌ في الجَسَدِ، في الرّأسِ: قَصُّ الشارِبِ، والمَضمَضَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \" عن أبي إسحاق عن\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٦١٠٧)، ومسلم (١٦٤٧/ ...).\n(^٣) في د: \"سعيد\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"والعزى\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٧). والشافعى ١/ ٢١ عن ابن شهاب معلقًا.","vol":"1","page":425},{"text":"والاستِنشاقُ، والسواكُ، وفَرقُ الرأسِ. وفِي الجَسَدِ تَقليمُ الأظفارِ، وحَلقُ العانَةِ، والخِتانُ، ونَتفُ الإبْطِ، وغَسلُ مَكانِ الغائطِ والبَولِ بالماءِ (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى في هذا الكِتابِ حَديثُ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"عَشرٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ\" (^٢). فذَكَرَهُنَّ، إلا أنه ذكَر إعفاءَ اللحيَةِ وغَسْلَ البَراجِمِ، ولم يَذكُرِ الخِتانَ وفَرقَ الرأسِ.\n\n٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علي الإسفرايينيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيى زكريا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهريِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ،، عن أبي هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الفِطرَةُ خَمسٌ، أو خَمسٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ؛ الخِتانُ، والاستِحدادُ، ونَتفُ الإبْطِ، وقَصُّ الشّارِبِ، وتَقليمُ الأظفارِ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ. في\"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٦٦ وسقط منه أول الإسناد، وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ٥٧، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٩٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٢١٩ (١١٦٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٦، ٢٤٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٨)، والصغرى (٣٤٦٤)، والآداب (٨٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦١)، وأبو داود (٤١٩٨)، والنسائي (١١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢)، وابن حبان (٥٤٨٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٨٨٩)، ومسلم (٢٥٧/ ٤٩).","vol":"1","page":426},{"text":"٦٩٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ ابنُ أبي سُفيانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، قَصُّ الشّارِبِ، ونَتفُ الإِبْطِ، وتَقليمُ الأظفارِ\" (^١).\nرواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سليمانَ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \" أعفوا اللِّحَى، وأَحفُوا الشَّوارِبَ \" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nورواه البخاريُّ مِن طَريقٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه (^٥)، وزادَ فيه عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ: \"خالِفوا المُشرِكينَ\".\n\n٦٩٧ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٨٨) عن إسحاق بن سليمان به. والنسائي (١٢)، وابن حبان (٥٤٧٨) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٥)، والمصنف في الشعب (٦٤٣١) من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٩/ ٥٢).\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٨٩٣).","vol":"1","page":427},{"text":"إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خالِفوا المُشرِكينَ، وفِّروا اللِّحَى، وأَحْفُوا الشَّوارِبَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن سَهلِ بنِ عثمانَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ (^٢).\nورواه أبو هريرةَ عن النبي - ﷺ - إلا أنَّه قال: \"وخالِفوا المَجوسَ\":\n\n٦٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، أخبرَنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"جُزّوا الشَّوارِبَ، وأَرخوا اللِّحَى، وخالِفوا المَجوسَ\" (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن العَلاءِ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيد، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦٨)، والمصنف في الشعب (٦٤٣٣) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به، وعند أبي عوانة بلفظ: \"خالفوا المجوس\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٩٢)، ومسلم (٢٥٩/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٨٥) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٠/ ٥٥).","vol":"1","page":428},{"text":"سليمانَ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، قال أنَسٌ: وُقِّتَ لَنا في قَصِّ الشارِبِ، وتَقليمِ الأظفارِ، ونَتفِ الِإبْطِ، وحَلقِ العانَةِ ألا نَترُكَ أكثَرَ مِن أربَعينَ يومًا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ [الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ] (^٣)، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا صدَقَةُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: وقَّتَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَلقِ العانَةِ، وقَصِّ الشاربِ، وتَقليمِ الأظفارِ، ونَتفِ الِإبْطِ أربَعينَ يَومًا (^٤).\n\n٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا أيُّوب بن سوَيدٍ، حدثنا عيسَى، عن سليمانَ التَّيمِي، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عمرَ قَصَّ أظفارَه فقُلتُ: ألا تتَوَضَّأُ؟ فقالَ: مِمَّ أتَوَضّأُ؟! لأنتَ أكيَسُ في نَفسِكَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ب، د: \"ليلة\".\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٥) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٥) من طريق جعفر به. والترمذى (٢٧٥٩)، والنسائيُّ (١٤) عن قتيبة به بلفظ: \"وقت لنا رسول الله - ﷺ -\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٨/ ٥١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسن بن أبي الحسين\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٢٥. وتقدم في (٤٥٨). وسيأتي في (١٧٩٦، ٢٢٣٨، ٢٥٣٦)، وغيرها.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٠٠) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٢٢٣٢)، والترمذى (٢٧٥٨) من طريق صدقة بن موسى به.","vol":"1","page":429},{"text":"مِمَّن سَمَّاه أهلُه كَيِّسًا (^١).\nوروّينا عن الشَّعبِيُّ أنَّه قال في الرَّجُلِ يَقُصُّ أظفارَه بعدَ الوُضوءِ: هو طُهورُه (^٢). وعَنِ الحسنِ: لَيسَ فيه وُضوءٌ (^٣). وعَن عَطاءٍ: أمسِسْه الماءَ (^٤). وعَن إبراهيمَ كَذَلِكَ (^٥). وعَنِ الزَّهريِّ: إن شاءَ مَسَحَ عليه بماءٍ وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ.\n\n٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حبّان، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِي، عن الزُّهريِّ فيمَن قَلَّمَ أظفارَه أو قَصَّ شارِبَه أو جَزَّ شَعَرَه قال: إن شاءَ مَسَحَ عليه بماءٍ وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-218>باب: كَيفَ الأخْذ مِنَ الشّارِبِ</span>؟\n\n٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨١) عن عيسى بن يونس به. وذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٤٠ وفيه: \"كيسان\". بدلا من: \"كيسا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٦) بنحوه.\n(^٤) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٧) عن عطاء قال: لا شئ عليه فلم يزده إلا طهارة.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨٣، ٥٨٤) بلفظ: \"يُجرى عليه الماء\"، وذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨٠) عن المحاربى عن حجاج عن الزهرى وغيره بلفظ: \"ليس عليه وضوء\".","vol":"1","page":430},{"text":"المَسعودِيُّ، أخبرني أبو عَونٍ الثقفي محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأى رجلًا طَويلَ الشّارِبِ، فدَعا بسِواكٍ وشَفرَةٍ، فوَضَعَ السِّواكَ تَحتَ الشارِبِ وقَصَّ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجَيُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ قال: ذكَر رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَجوسَ فقالَ: \"إنَّهُم يوَفِّرونَ سِبالَهم (^٢) ويَحلِقونَ لِحاهُم، فخالفوهُم\". قال: فكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَستَعرِضُ سَبَلَتَه فيَجُزُّها كما تُجَزُّ الشّاةُ أو يُجَزُّ البَعيرُ (^٣).\n\n٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسف (^٤)، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيان، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلان، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي رافِعٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخدريُّ وجابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وابنَ عمرَ ورافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ وأَبا أَسِيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ وابنَ الأكوَعِ وأَبا رافِعٍ يُنهِكونَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٩١)، والطيالسى (٧٣٣). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٢٩ من طريق المسعودى به. قال الذهبى في المهذب ١/ ١٥٣: فيه انقطاع لأن أبا عون لم يدرك المغيرة.\n(^٢) السَّبَلَة بالتحريك: الشارب، والجمع السبال. النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (١٠٥١، ١٦٢٢) من طريق سعيد بن حفص النفيلى به. وابن حبان (٥٤٧٦) من طريق معقل به. وجود إسناده الألبانى في الصحيحة (٢٨٣٤).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يونس\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٥٢٢.","vol":"1","page":431},{"text":"شَوارِبَهُم حَتَّى الحَلقِ (^١).\nقالَ الإمامُ أحمدُ: كَذا وجَدتُه. وقالَ غَيرُه: عن عثمانَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ. وقيل: ابنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا شُرَحبيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الخولانيُّ قال: رأَيتُ خَمسَةً مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقُصُّونَ شَوارِبَهُم ويُعفونَ لِحاهُم ويُصفِّرونَها؛ أبو أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيُّ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ بُسرٍ وعُتبَةُ بنُ عَبدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ والحَجّاجُ بنُ عامِرٍ الثُّماليُّ والمِقدامُ بنُ مَعديكَرِبَ الكِندِيُّ، كانوا يَقُصُّونَ شَوارِبَهُم مَعَ طَرَفِ الشَّفَةِ (^٣).\n\n٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السلميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأُوَيسِيُّ قال: ذكَر مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ إحفاءَ بَعضِ النّاسِ شَوارِبَهُم، فقالَ مالكٌ: يَنبَغِي أن يُضرَبَ مَن صَنَعَ ذلكَ، فلَيسَ حَديثُ النبي - ﷺ - في الإحفاءِ، ولَكِن يُبدِي حَرفَ الشَّفَتَينِ والفَمِ. قال مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ: حَلقُ الشارِبِ بدعَةٌ ظَهَرَت في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٨٨٨) من طريق سفيان به، ولم يذكر أبا رافع.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٦٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن سويد عن عثمان بن عبيد الله بن رافع به. ولم يذكر أبا رافع وإنما ذكر أنسًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٢١٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن نجدة به. وجود إسناده الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٥/ ١٦٧.","vol":"1","page":432},{"text":"الناسِ. كَذا قالَ (^١).\n\n٧٠٨ - وقَد أخبرَنِي أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مَالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بنُ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبي - ﷺ -، أنَّه أمَرَ بإِحفاءِ الشَّوارِبِ وإِعفاءِ اللِّحَى (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، وفِي حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ: أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بإِحفاءِ الشَّوارِبِ (^٣) وإِعْفاءِ اللحَى. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٤).\nوروّيناه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ وعُمَرَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ (^٥).\nوكأَنَّه رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى حَمَلَ الإحفاءَ المأمورَ به في الخَبَرِ على الأخذِ مِنَ الشَّارِبِ بالجَزِّ دونَ الحَلقِ، وإِنكارُه وقَعَ لِلحَلقِ دونَ الإحفاءِ، والوَهمُ وقَعَ مِنَ الرّاوِي عنه في إنكارِ الإحفاءِ مُطلَقًا، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، ومَن ذَهَبَ إلى الحَلقِ\n_________\n(^١) الاستذكار ٢٦/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) في ب، د: \"اللحية\".\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٤١٩٩)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٤٧، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٧٦٤)، وابن حبان (٥٤٧٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \" خ ر: الشارب\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٩/ ٥٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٩٦، ٦٩٧).","vol":"1","page":433},{"text":"زَعَمَ أنَّه داخِلٌ في جُملَةِ أمرِه بالإحفاءِ.\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-219> بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّنَوُّرِ </span>(^١)\n\n٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا كامِل أبو العَلاءِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَتَنَوَّرُ ويَلِي عانَتَه بيَدِهِ (^٢). أسنَدَه كامِل أبو العَلاءِ (^٣) وأَرسَلَه مَن هو أوثَقُ مِنه.\n\n٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَلِي عانَتَه بيَدِهِ (^٤).\n\n٧١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تنوَّر: إذا تطلى بالنُّورة، وهى حجر كلسى يطحن ويخلط بالماء، ويطلى به الشعر فيسقط. تاج العروس ١٤/ ٣٠٨ (ن ور).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٧١٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٥٢) من طريق كامل أبي العلاء به. وينظر تعليقنا عليه في الطيالسى.\n(^٣) هو كامل بن العلاء التميمى السعدى، أبو العلاء، ويقال: أبو عبد الله. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٢٢٦، والكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢١٠٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٩٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٤٠٩. قال إبن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٣١: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في العلل ٣/ ٣٨٧ (٥٧٠٠) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٢٧)، وابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى ١/ ٤٤٢ من طريق سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"1","page":434},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا [ابنُ وهبٍ] (^١)، أخبرَنِي سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا تنَوَّرَ ولِيَ عانَتَه بيَدِهِ.\n\n٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَني أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ (^٣) عبدِ المَلِكِ قالَ: قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ المُبارَكِ: ما أدرِي مَن أخبرني عن قَتادَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - لم يَتَنَوَّرْ.\nقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: وهو أشبَهُ الأمرَينِ ألَّا يَكونَ. وذكَر الحديثَ الآخرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - ولِيَ عانَتَه. فقالَ: هذا ضَعيفٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: الحديثُ فيه ما قَدَّمتُه، وقَد رُوِي بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ لَيسَ بالمَعروفِ بَعضُ رِجالِه:\n\n٧١٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثني سليمانُ بنُ سلمةَ الحمصيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ ناشِرَةَ الألهانِيُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ زيادٍ الألهانِيُّ يقولُ: كان ثَوبانُ جارًا لَنا، وكانَ يَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ، فقُلتُ له، فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"زيد بن وهب\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"شاسويه\" بالشين المعجمة أوله. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ١٢٦ ترجمة عبد الله بن محمد بن يعقوب الكلاباذى، وتاريخ دمشق ٩/ ٤٠٨ ترجمة أوس بن حارثة بن لأم، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ١٢٦ ترجمة الحكم بن عمرو بن مجدع.\n(^٣) في م: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٣٠.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"1","page":435},{"text":"كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ ويَتَنَوَّرُ (^١).\n\n٧١٤ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن أبي كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِيِّ، عن [عبدِ الواحِدِ] (^٢)، عن صالِحِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أبي مَعْشَرٍ، أن رجلًا نَوَّرَ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فلَما بَلَغَ العانَةَ كَفَّ الرَّجُلُ، ونَوَّرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَفسَه.\n\n٧١٥ - وعَن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ [محمدِ بنِ] (^٣) إسحاقَ الأذرَمِيِّ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - لم يَتَنَوَّرْ، ولا أبو بكرٍ ولا عمرُ ولا عثمانُ. وكِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ. أخبرَنا بهِما أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ الفَسَوِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَهُما (^٥).\n\n٧١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن عبدِ اللَّه الطائيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عَمَّارٍ [الحسينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ] (^٦) المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبي حمزة\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٣٣، ووقع عنده: \"عمير بن زياد الألهاني\". وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١١/ ١٧٥ من طريق أبي الحسين بن الفضل به. قال الذهبى: سليمان بن سلمة الخبائرى تركه أبو حاتم.\n(^٢) في س: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٥٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: د. وينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٣٦١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٢.\n(^٤) في س: \"العسكرى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٠٧ في ترجمة أبي علي اللؤلؤى. وتقدم في (١٧٨)، وسيأتي في (٩٧٦، ٣٢٤٣).\n(^٥) المراسيل (٤٦٩، ٤٧٠).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"الحسن بن حارث\". والمثبت موافق لما في مصدر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٥٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١١/ ٤٠٠.","vol":"1","page":436},{"text":"السُّكَّرِيِّ، عن مُسلِمٍ المُلائيِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - لا يَتَنَوَّرُ، فإِذا كَثُرَ شَعَرُه حَلَقَه (^١).\nمسلمٌ المُلائيُّ ضَعيفٌ في الحديثِ (^٢)، فإِن كان حَفِظَه فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ قَتادَةُ أخَذَه أيضًا مِن أنَسٍ، والله أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِي في ذلكَ عن ابنِ عمرَ:\n\n٧١٧ - أخبرَناه يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يَطَّلِي، فيأمُرُنِي أطْلِيه حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ سِفلَتَه وليَها هو (^٣).\n\n٧١٨ - وبِهَذا الإسناد قال: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، قال: حدَّثَني عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان لا يَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ، وكانَ يَتَنَوَّرُ في البَيتِ ويَلبَسُ إزارًا ويأمُرُنِي أطلِي ما ظَهَرَ مِنه، ثم يأمُرُنِي أن أُؤَخِّرَ عنه فيَلِيَ فرجَه (^٤).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-220> بابُ تَرك الوُضوءِ مِمّا مَسَّت النّارُ</span>\n\n٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الشيخ في أخلاق النبي - ﷺ - ص ٢٧٨، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٣١٩٩) من طريق أبي عمار به. وأبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ١/ ٣٣١ من طريق علي بن الحسن به.\n(^٢) هو مسلم بن كيسان الضبي الملائي، أبو عبد الله الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٧١، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٩٢، والمجروحين ٣/ ٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٥٣٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٦٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٤٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ١٥٣ من طريق أمامة بن زيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ١٥٣ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.","vol":"1","page":437},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالك (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أكَلَ كَتِفَ شاةٍ ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ. ورواه مسلم عن القَعنَبِي (^٢).\n\n٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسدَّد، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: حدَّثني وهبُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عَبَّاس. قال -يَعنِي هِشامٌ: وحَذَثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، حدَّثَني عليّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه ابنِ عَبّاسٍ. قال- يَعنِي هِشامٌ (^٣): وحَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أكَلَ كَتِفًا أو لَحمًا، ثم صَلَّى ولَم يُمَضمِضْ ولَم يَمَسَّ ماءً (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٩٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٤١)، وابن حبان (١١٤٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٧) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٧)، ومسلم (٣٥٤/ ٩١).\n(^٣) كتب في الأصل: كذا. ورسم المنصوب بصورة المرفوع والمجرور جائز. ينظر تعليق الشيخ أحمد شاكر على الرسالة للإمام الشافعى ص ٥٩ حاشية (٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩، ٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٥٤)، وعنده: \"ولم يتوضأ\" بدل: \"ولم يمضمض\".","vol":"1","page":438},{"text":"٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ. وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ في بَيتِ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ، فجَعَلَ يَعجَبُ مِمَّن يَزعُمُ أن الوُضوءَ مِمّا مَسَّتِ النّارُ، ويَضرِبُ فيه الأمثالَ ويَقولُ: إنَّا نَستَحِمُّ بالماءِ المُسَخَّنِ ونَتَوَضّأُ به، ونَدَّهِنُ بالدُّهنِ المَطبوخِ. وذكَر أشياءَ مِمّا يُصيبُ النّاسُ مِمّا قَد مَسَّتِ النارُ، ثم قال: لَقَد رأَيتُنِي في هذا البَيتِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد تَوَضأَ ثم لَبِسَ ثيابَه، فجاءَه المُؤَذِّنُ فخَرَجَ إلى الصَّلاةِ، حَتَّى إذا كان في الحُجرَةِ خارِجًا مِنَ البَيتِ لَقيَته هَديَّةٌ؛ عُضوٌ مِن شاةٍ فأَكَلَ مِنها لُقمَةً أو لُقمَتَينِ، ثم صَلَّى وما مَسَّ ماءً (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢). وفيه دَلالَةٌ على أن ابنَ عباسٍ شَهِدَ ذلكَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحسينِ (^٣) عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليث، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَني جَعفَرُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أن أباه عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَحتَزُّ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ في يَدِه، فدُعِيَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأَلقاها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٥٠) عن أحمد بن عبد الحميد الحارثي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٥٩).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٥٥.","vol":"1","page":439},{"text":"والسكين التى كان يَحتَزُّ بها، ثم قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضَّأ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَحتَزُّ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ فأَكَلَ مِنها، فدُعِيَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فقامَ وطَرَحَ السكين ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٤ - قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وحَدَّثَنِي عليّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٥ - قال عمرو: حدَّثَني بُكَيرُ بنُ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أكَلَ عندَها كَتِفًا ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأْ (^٥).\n\n٧٢٦ - قال عمرٌو: وحَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ.\n_________\n(^١) فوائد ابن بشران (١٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٤٨)، ومسلم (٣٥٥/ ٩٢)، والترمذى (١٨٣٦) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتي في (٧٤٢، ٥١٠٨، ١٤٧٤٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٥٣)، وابن حبان (١١٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٢٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٤٤١ (١٠٦٨) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وأحمد (٢٦٨١٣) من طريق بكير به.","vol":"1","page":440},{"text":"٧٢٧ - قال عمرٌو: وحَدَّثَنِي سَعيدُ بنُ أبي هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي غَطَفانَ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: أشهَدُ لَكُنتُ أشوِي لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَطنَ الشّاةِ ثم قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأْ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى (^٢)، إلا أنَّه قال في حَديثِ جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ: عن يَعقوبَ عن كُرَيبٍ عن مَيمونَةَ. وهو الصحيحُ، وذِكرُ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه زيادَةُ وهمٍ. وأَخرَجَ البخاريُّ حَديثَ بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ عن أصبَغَ بنِ الفَرَجِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانيُّ إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قراءةً قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى ابنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قالا: سَمِعنا عائشةَ تَذكُرُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَمُرُّ على القِدْر فيأخُذُ مِنها العَرْقَ (^٤) فيأكُلُ مِنه، ثم يَنطَلِقُ إلى الصلاةِ وما يَتَوَضّأُ ولا يُمَضمِضُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٨١) من طريق ابن وهب به، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٦١) من طريق سعيد بن أبي هلال به. وأحمد (٢٣٨٥٥) من طريق ابن أبي رافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٣/ ٣٥٥)، (٣٥٦، ٣٥٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٠).\n(^٤) العَرْق: العظم إذا أخذ عنه معظم اللحم، يقال: عرقتُ العظم واعترقته وتعرقتُه، إذا أخذتَ عنه اللحم بأسنانك. النهاية ٣/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٢٩٨ - كشف)، والمصنف في الشعب (٥٨٢٦) من طريق يحيى بن يعلى به. وأحمد (٢٥٢٨٢) من طريق زائدة به. وذكره الهيثمى في المجمع ١/ ٢٥٣: وقال: ورجاله رجال الصحيح=","vol":"1","page":441},{"text":"٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمد بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ أخبرَه، أن أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبي - ﷺ - أخبرَته أنَّها قَرَّبَت إلى النبي - ﷺ - جَنبًا مَشويًا فأَكَلَه، ثم قامَ إلى الصلاةِ ولَم يَتَوَضأْ (^١).\nوهَكَذا رواه الحَجاجُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٢) ورَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (^٣) عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ.\n\n٧٣٠ - ورواه عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ - بنَحوِه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nوروِي عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ شَدَّادٍ وزَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ عن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (^٥).\n\n٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ\n_________\n= قال الذهبي ١/ ١٥٧: سنده صحيح.\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٣٨)، وعنه أحمد (٢٦٦٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٨٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٩٠) من طريق حجاج به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٩٨٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٥ من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٥٦) من طريق عبد الله بن شداد به. والنسائي (١٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٤٤) من طريق زينب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (١٧٦).","vol":"1","page":442},{"text":"كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى (^١) بنِ عمرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حَربٍ الطّائيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَدِّي عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابرٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أكَلَ لَحمًا فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأ (^٢).\nوفِي البابِ عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ (^٣) وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤) وسُوَيدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ (^٥) ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ (^٦) وأَبِي هريرةَ (^٧) وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِي (^٨) والمُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ (^٩) وعبدِ اللَّه بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ جَزْءٍ الزُّبَيدِيِّ (^١٠) ورافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ (^١١) وغَيرِهِم، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\nقالَ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزعفرانيُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ: وقَد روِي عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"الوُضوءُ ممَّا مَسَّتِ النارُ\" (^١٢). وإِنَّما أراد ما:\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"عيسى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٩٩)، والترمذى (٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٨٩) مطولا من طريق ابن عيينة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذي (٦٩).\n(^٣) أحمد (٥٠٥).\n(^٤) أحمد (٣٧٩١ - ٣٧٩٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٩٩)، والبخارى (٢٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٢)، والنسائي (١٨٦).\n(^٦) سيأتي تخريجه في (٧٣٧).\n(^٧) سيأتي تخريجه في (٧٣٨، ٧٣٩).\n(^٨) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧١٩، وأبو الشيخ في جزء أحاديث أبي الزبير عن غير جابر (٦٤).\n(^٩) أحمد (١٨٢١٩).\n(^١٠) أحمد (١٧٧٠٢، ١٧٧٠٩)، والترمذى في الشمائل (١٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٣١١).\n(^١١) أخرجه الطبراني (٤٢٧٣، ٤٤٣٢).\n(^١٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٥٠.","vol":"1","page":443},{"text":"٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثني الليث بنُ سعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ واللفظ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ الليث، حدثنا أبي، عن جَدِّي، عن عُقَيلٍ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَني عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أن خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ أخبرَه، أن أباه زَيدَ بنَ ثابتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الوضوء مِمّا مَسَّتِ النارُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٣ - قال ابنُ شِهاب: وأخبَرَنى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ قارِظٍ أخبرَه، أنه وجَدَ أبا هريرةَ يَتَوَضأُ على المَسجِدِ فقالَ: إنَّما أتَوَضأُ مِن أثوارِ أقِطٍ (^٢) أكَلتُها؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"تَوَضئوا ممَّا مَسَّتِ النارُ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٣٤ - قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرنى سَعيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ وأَنا أُحَدِّثُه هذا الحديثَ أنه سألَ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن الوُضوءِ ممَّا مَسَّتْ النارُ، قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٤٢)، والدارمى (٧٥٣) من طريق الليث به، والنسائي (١٧٩) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) الأثوار: جمع ثور، وهي القطعة من الأقط، والأقط: طعام يصنع من اللبن. المفهم ١/ ٦٠٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٨/ ٣٠٣، ٣٠٤ من طريق عقيل عن ابن شهاب به. والنسائي (١٧١ - ١٧٣)، وابن حبان (١١٤٦، ١١٤٧) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"1","page":444},{"text":"عُروَةُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"تَوَضَّئوا مِمّا مَسَّتِ النار\" (^١).\nرواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\nوفِي البابِ عن أمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣) وأمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤) وأبِي طَلحَةَ (^٥) وأبِي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ (^٦) وأَبِي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ (^٧) وغَيرِهِم، عن النبي - ﷺ -.\nقالَ الزَّعفَرانيُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ: وإِنَّما قُلنا: لا يُتَوَضّأُ مِنه؛ لأنَّه عندَنا مَنسوخٌ، ألا تَرَى أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ، وإِنَّما صَحِبَه بعدَ الفَتحِ، يَروِي عنه أنَّه رآه يأكُلُ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. وهَذا عندَنا مِن أبيَنِ الدَّلالاتِ على أن الوُضوءَ مِنه مَنسوخٌ، أو أن أمرَه بالوُضوءِ مِنه بالغَسلِ لِلتَّنظيفِ، والثّابِتُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه لم يَتَوَضّأْ مِنه، ثم عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ وعَلِيٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ وعامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ وأُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ وأبِي طَلحَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٢١ من طريق عقيل عن ابن شهاب به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٨٠) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٥١ - ٣٥٣).\n(^٣) أحمد (٢٦٧٧٣)، وأبو داود (١٩٥)، والنسائي (١٨٠، ١٨١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٢٤)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٥/ ١٢٩، والطبرانى ٢٣/ ٣٠١ (٦٧٥) من فعلهﷺ - لا من أمره.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٤٩)، والنسائي (١٧٧، ١٧٨).\n(^٦) أحمد (١٩٥٥٢).\n(^٧) أخرجه الدولابى في الكنى ١/ ٦٢ (٢٣٨)، والحاكم أبو أحمد- كما في الإصابة ١٢/ ٢٩١ - من حديث أبي سعيد الخير، ويقال: أبو سعد الخير، وينظر نظم المتناثر للكتاني ١/ ٦٧.","vol":"1","page":445},{"text":"كُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ لم يَتَوَضَّئوا مِنه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمَّا الطَريقَةُ الأُولَى، فإِلَيها ذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ العُلَماءِ، واحتَجُّوا فيها بما احتج به الشافعيُّ مِن رِوايَةِ ابنِ عباسٍ، ثم برِوايَةِ جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه الأنصارِيِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ وأبِي هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n٧٣٥ - أمّا حَديثُ جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ (^٢) قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عيَّاش، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حمزة، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: كان آخِرَ الأمرَينِ مِن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَركُ الوُضوءِ ممَّا مَسَتْ النّارُ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ. فذكَر إسنادَه بنَحوِه قال: كان آخِرَ الأمرَينِ مِن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أنه أكَلَ خُبزًا ولَحمًا ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ.\n\n٧٣٧ - وأَمّا حَديثُ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ فأَخبَرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٥٠، ٢٥١.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ب، م: \"القاضي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٨٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٢)، والنسائي (١٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٤٣) من طريق علي بن عياش به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٧).","vol":"1","page":446},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ حَيّانَ العِجلِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ قال: أكَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِمّا [غَيَّرَتِ النّارُ] (^١)، ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأ، وكانَ آخِرَ أمرَيْهِ. وقالَ غَيرُه: يونُسُ بنُ أبي خَلدَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٨ - وأَمّا حَديثُ أبي هريرةَ فأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوردِيُّ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ مِن ثَورِ أقِطٍ، ثم رآه أكَلَ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ، ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٩ - ورواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، فقالَ في الحديثِ: أكَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - ثَورَ أقِطٍ فتَوَضّأَ، وأَكَلَ كَتِفًا ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"غير بالنار\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"عن محمد بن مسلمة، قال: أكل رسول الله - ﷺ -\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن قانع ٣/ ١٥، والطبراني ١٩/ ٢٣٤ (٥٢١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن المبارك عن قريش بن حيان عن يونس بن أبي خلدة به. قال الذهبي ١/ ١٥٨: لا يعرف. وكذا الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ١٥٢.\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٤٢)، وعنه ابن حبان (١١٥١). وأخرجه الترمذي في الشمائل (١٦٩) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به، وأحمد (٩٠٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٣) من طريق سهيل به، وليس عند ابن ماجه ذكر الأقط. وصححه الألبانى في مختصر الشمائل (١٤٩).","vol":"1","page":447},{"text":"أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوذَهَبَ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ إلى الطَّريقَةِ الثّانيَةِ، وزَعَموا أن حَديثَ أبي هريرةَ مَعلولٌ، وفَتواه بعدَ وفاةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - بالوُضوءِ مِنه، وأَنَّ رِوايَةَ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حمزةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ اختِصار مِنَ الحديثِ الذي:\n\n٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى امرأَةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ ومَعَه أصحابُه، فقَرَّبَتْ له شاةً مَصْلِيَّةً (^٢)، قال: فأَكَلَ وأَكَلنا، ثم حانَتِ الظُّهرُ فتَوَضأَ ثم صَلَّى، ثم رَجَعَ إلى فضلِ طَعامِه فأَكَلَ، ثم حانَتِ العَصرُ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأْ (^٣).\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، ويَرَونَ أن آخِرَ أمرَيْه أُريدَ به في هَذِه القِصَّةِ، قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجستاني (^٤) وغَيرُه، وكَذَلِكَ يَرَونَ حَديثَ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ.\nوقَد روِي في حَديثٍ آخَرَ ما يُوهِمُ أن يَكونَ النّاسِخُ إيجابَ الوُضوءِ مِنه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٧ من طريق عبد العزيز بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) شاة مصلية: أى مشوية. النهاية ٣/ ٥٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٤) من طريق أبي العباس به. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٢ من طريق ابن وهب. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٣٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٩٢).","vol":"1","page":448},{"text":"٧٤١ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثني اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَني [زَيدُ بنُ جَبِيرَةَ] (^١) بنِ مَحمودِ بنِ أبي جَبِيرَةَ الأنصارِيُّ مِن بنى عبدِ الأشهَلِ، عن أبيه جَبِيرَةَ بنِ مَحمودٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ سَلامَةَ بنِ وَقْشٍ - وكانَ آخِرَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يَكونُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ فإِنَّه بَقِيَ بَعدَه- أنَّهُما دَخَلا وليمَةً، وسَلَمَةُ على وُضوءٍ، فأَكَلوا ثم خَرَجوا، فتَوَضّا سلمةُ، فقال له جَبِيرَةُ: ألَم تكُنْ على وُضوءٍ؟ قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنِّي رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وخَرَجنا مِن دَعوَةٍ دُعينا لها، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على وُضوءٍ، فأَكَلَ ثم تَوَضّأَ، فقُلتُ له: ألَم تَكُنْ على وُضوءٍ يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ قال: \"بَلَى، ولَكِنَّ الأُمورَ تَحدُثُ، وهَذا مِمّا حَدَثَ\" (^٢).\nوإِلَى مِثلِ هذا ذَهَبَ الزُّهرِيُّ، وهو فيما:\n\n٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي جَعفَرُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أن أباه عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَحتَزُّ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ في يَدِه، فدُعِيَ إلى الصَّلاةِ، فأَلقاها والسِّكّينَ التى كان يَحتَزُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"زيد بن جبير\"، وفي د: \"يزيد بن جبيرة\"، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفسوى في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٣٤، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (١٩٥٦)، والطبرانى (٦٣٢٦)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٣٨٨) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. قال الذهبي ١/ ١٥٩: زيد تركوه.","vol":"1","page":449},{"text":"بها، ثم قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأْ. قال الزهريُّ: فذَهَبَتْ تِلكَ في الناسِ، ثم أخبرَ (^١) رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ونِساءٌ مِن أزواجِه أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَوَضَّئوا ممَّا مَسَّتِ النارُ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، قال: قال أبو سعيدٍ يَعنِي عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدراميَّ: فهَذِه الأحاديثُ قَدِ اختُلِفَ فيها، واختُلِفَ في الأوَّلِ والآخِرِ مِنها، فلَم نَقِفْ على الناسِخِ والمَنسوخِ مِنها ببَيانٍ بَيِّنٍ نَحكُمُ به دونَ ما سِواه، فنَظَرْنا إلى ما اجتَمَعَ عليه الخُلَفاءُ الرَّاشِدونَ والأعلامُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فأَخَذنا (^٣) بإِجماعِهِم في الرُّخْصَةِ فيهِ.\nوالحَديثُ الذي يُروَى فيه الرُّخصَةُ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالك، عن أبي نُعَيمٍ وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، أنَّه سمِع جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه يقولُ: رأَيتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيِق - ﵁ - أكَلَ لَحمًا ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضأْ (^٤).\n\n٧٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمد، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أخبرنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٢٩٢٣)، وتقدم في (٧٢٢، ٧٢٣). وقول الزهري أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٨/ ٣١١.\n(^٣) في م: \"فأخذوا\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٢٧، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٧.","vol":"1","page":450},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عائشةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وأَبِي الزُّبَيرِ جَميعًا، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ وعُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أكَلا خُبزًا ولَحمًا فصَلَّيا ولَم يَتَوَضَّيا (^١).\n\n٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ضَمرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ المازِنِيِّ، عن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ أكَلَ خُبزًا ولَحمًا ثم مَضمَضَ وغَسَلَ يَدَيه ومَسَحَ بهِما وجهَه، ثم صَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٢).\n\n٧٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه طَعِمَ خُبزًا ولَحمًا فقيل له: ألا تَتَوَضَّأُ؟ فقالَ: إنَّ الوُضوءَ ممَّا خَرَجَ ولَيسَ ممَّا دَخَلَ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٧ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافط وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِي ابنَ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدبنِ يوسُفَ مَولَى عثمانَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: وقَفتُ على أبي هريرةَ وهو يَتَوَضَّأُ إذ جاءَه ابنُ عباسٍ فقال: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، أتَدرِي ممَّا تَوَضأتُ؟ قال: لا. قال أبو هريرةَ: مِن ثَورِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١١٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٨٢٧) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به، ومالك ١/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٦٧٠). وتقدم عقب (٥٧٢).","vol":"1","page":451},{"text":"أقِطٍ أكَلتُه. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ما أُبالِي ممَّا تَوَضأتَ، والله لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أكَلَ خُبزًا ولَحمًا، ثم قامَ إلى الصلاةِ ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^١).\n\n٧٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: لا وُضوءَ ممَّا مَست النارُ، إنَّما النارُ بَرَكَةٌ، والنارُ ما (^٢) تُحِلُّ مِن شَئٍ ولا تُحَرِّمُه (^٣).\n\n٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قَدِمَ مِنَ العِراقِ فدَخَلَ عليه أبو طَلحَةَ وأُبيُّ بنُ كعبٍ، فقَرَّبَ إلَيهِما طَعامًا قَد مَستْه النارُ، فأكَلوا مِنه، فقامَ أنَس فتَوَضأَ، فقالَ له أبو طَلحَةَ وأُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ: ما هذا يا أنَسُ، أعِراقيَّةٌ (^٤)؟ فقالَ أنَسٌ: لَيتَنِي لم أفعَلْ. وقامَ أبو طَلحَةَ وأُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ فصَلَّيا ولَم يَتَوَضَّيا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٦٤)، والنسائي (١٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج به، وليس عند النسائي قصة وضوء أبي هريرة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٧٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"لا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٣) - ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١١٧) - والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٣٩) عن ابن جريج به، وعد النسائي بدون أوله.\n(^٤) أعراقية: أي هل استفدت هذا العلم بالعراق، وتركت عمل أهل المدينة المتلقى عن النبي - ﷺ - شرح الزرقانى ١/ ٩٢.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٢٧، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٩.","vol":"1","page":452},{"text":"٧٥٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَتَوَضّأُ لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم يُصيبُ طَعامًا قَد مَسته النّارُ، أيَتَوَضّأُ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ: رأَيتُ أبي يَفعَلُ ذلكَ ثم لا يَتَوَضّأُ (^١).\n\n٧٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِي ابنَ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا داوُدُ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ، أنَّهُما أكَلا مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ خُبزًا ولَحمًا [فلم يتوضَّأْ] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-221>بابُ التَّوَضُّؤِ مِن لُحومِ الإبِلِ</span>\n\n٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا [أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٣) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عمرَ ومُسَدَّدٌ والحَجَبِيُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنى أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، قالوا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن رجلًا سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أتَوَضّأُ مِن لُحومِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"إن شئتَ فتَوَضَّأ، وِإن شئتَ فلا تتَوَضَّأ\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٧.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ولم يتوضيا\".\nوالأثر عند ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٧) من طريق آخر عن علقمة والأسود.\n(^٣) ليس في: ب، م، وفي س: \"أبو العباس\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٨٥، ٢٣١، ٢٣٧، ٣٠٤) وغيرها.","vol":"1","page":453},{"text":"أتَوَضّأ مِن لُحومِ الإبِلِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، فتوضأ مِن لُحوم الإبِلِ\". قال: أُصلِّي في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: أُصلِّي في مَبارِكِ الإبِلِ؟ قال: \"لا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي كامِلٍ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أشعَثَ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ وسِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ (^٢).\nوذَهَبَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِي إلى أن جَعفَرَ بنَ أبي ثَورٍ هذا مَجهولٌ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال عَلِيٌّ: جَعفَرٌ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٣).\nكذا قال عَلِيٌّ، وقَدْ أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ قال: جَعفَرُ بنُ أبي ثَورٍ جَدُه جابِرُ بنُ سَمُرَةَ. قالَ سُفيانُ وزَكَريا وزائدَةُ: عن سِماكٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في اللحومِ. قال: وقال أهلُ النَّسَبِ: ولَدُ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، خالِدٌ وطَلحَةُ ومَسلَمَةُ، وهو أبو ثَورٍ. قال: وقالَ شُعبَةُ عن سِماكٍ عن أبي ثَورِ بنِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠١٥)، وابنه عبد اللَّه في زوائد المسند (٢٠٩٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣١)، وابن حبان (١١٢٤) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٦٠/ ٩٧).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٢٥٤. وينظر تنقيح التحقيق لابن عبد الهادي ١/ ١٢٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٨٦.\nوجعفر هو ابن أبي ثور الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٨٧، والجرح والتعديل، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٨٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٢٩: مقبول.","vol":"1","page":454},{"text":"جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ (^١).\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِي عنه: حَديثُ الثَّورِيِّ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وشُعبَةُ أخطأَ فيه فقال: عن أبي ثَورٍ. وإِنَّما هو جَعفَرُ بنُ أبي ثَورٍ، وجَعفَرُ بنُ أبي ثَورٍ هو رجلٌ مَشهورٌ، وهو مِن ولَدِ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، رَوَى عنه سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ وأَشعَثُ بنُ أبي الشَّعثاءِ (^٢). قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ: وهَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثَةُ مِن أجِلَّةِ رواةِ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ومَن رَوَى عنه مِثلُ هَؤُلاءِ خَرَجَ مِن أن يَكونَ مَجهولًا، ولِهَذا أودَعَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ كِتابَه \"الصحيح\". وقَد رَوَى سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: أنبأَنِي مَن سمِع جابِرَ بنَ سَمُرَةَ يقولُ: كُنّا نُمَضمِضُ مِن ألبانِ الإبِلِ، ولا نُمَضمِضُ مِن ألبانِ الغَنَمِ، وكُنّا نَتَوَضأُ مِن لُحومِ الإبِلِ، ولا نَتَوَضّأُ مِن لُحومِ الغَنَمِ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحسينِ الكَرابيسِيَّ يَعنِي أحمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَمدونٍ الأعمَشِيَّ (^٥) يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ الحسنِ الأفطَسَ يقولُ: رأَيتُ محمدَ بنَ الحسنِ يَتَوَضّأُ مِن لُحومِ الإبِلِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٨٧، ١٨٨.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير ص ٤٧.\n(^٣) صحيح ابن خزيمة عقب حديث (٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ١٣٩ (٣١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) في م: \"الأعشى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ١٩٠، وتذكرة الحفاظ للذهبى ٣/ ٨٠٥.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٣).","vol":"1","page":455},{"text":"وقَد روِي [مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^١) عن النبي - ﷺ -.\n\n٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: سُئلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - عن الوُضوءِ مِن لُحومِ الإبِلِ فأَمَرَ به، وسُئلَ عن الصَّلاةِ في مَبارِكِ الإبِلِ فنَهَى عَنها (^٢).\n\n٧٥٥ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - سُئِلَ عن الوُضوءِ مِن لُحومِ الغَنَمِ فرَخَّصَ في الوُضوءِ مِنها، وسُئلَ عن الصَّلاةِ في مَرابِضِها فرَخَّصَ فيها (^٣).\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيِّ (^٤). ورواه الحَجَّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن أُسَيدِ بنِ حُضيرٍ (^٥). والحَجّاجُ ضعيفٌ (^٦).\nقالَ أبو عيسَى: حَديثُ الأعمَشِ أصحُّ. قال: ورواه عُبَيدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ابن رواحة\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٧٧٠).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٧٧١). وأخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ٢/ ٢٠٠ من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٣٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٤، ٤٩٣)، والترمذى (٨١)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢)، وابن حبان (١١٢٨) من طريق الأعمش به مطولا ومختصرا، وقال الترمذي: صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٦) من طريق حجاج به. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: إسناده ضعيف، لضعف حجاج بن أرطاة وتدليسه، وقد خالف غيره، والمحفوظ عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى عن البراء.\n(^٦) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في ص ٣٦.","vol":"1","page":456},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن ذِي الغُرَّةِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. ولَيسَ بشَئٍ. وذو الغُرَّةِ لا يُدرَى مَن هو، وحَديثُ الأعمَشِ أصَحُّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وعُبَيدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)، وبَلَغَنِي عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِي أنَّهُما قالا: قَد صَحَّ في هذا البابِ حَديثانِ عن النبي - ﷺ -: حَديثُ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، وحَديثُ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانيُّ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ: لم نَرَ خِلافًا بَينَ عُلَماءِ أهلِ الحديثِ أن هذا الخَبَرَ صَحيحٌ مِن جِهَةِ النَّقلِ لِعَدالَةِ ناقِليهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وابنِ عباسٍ: الوُضوءُ مِمّا خَرَجَ ولَيسَ مِمّا دَخَلَ (^٥). وإِنَّما قالا ذلكَ في تَركِ الوُضوءِ مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النّارُ.\n\n٧٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ المِهرَجانيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جُمانٍ الرّازِيُّ بها، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي جَعمرٍ قال: أُتِيَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٠٨٠) من طريق عبيدة به.\n(^٢) هو عبيدة بن معتب الضبي، أبو عبد الكريم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ١٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٢٥٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٤٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٤٨: ضعيف واختلط بأخرة.\n(^٣) ينظر سنن الترمذي ١/ ٢٥، والعلل الكبير ص ٤٧.\n(^٤) ابن خزيمة عقب (٣١).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٢، ٧٤٦).","vol":"1","page":457},{"text":"ابنُ مَسعودٍ بقَصعَةٍ مِنَ الكَبِدِ والسَّنامِ؛ لَحمِ الجَزورِ، فأَكَلَ ولَم يَتَوَضأْ. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ.\nوروِي عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسعودٍ يأكُلُ مِن ألوانِ الطعامَ ولا يَتَوَضّأ مِنه (^١).\nوبِمِثلِ هذا لا يُترَكُ ما ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وقَد حَمَلَ بَعضُ الفُقَهاءِ الوُضوءَ المَذكورَ في الخَبَرِ على الوُضوءِ الذي هو النَّظافَةُ ونفيُّ الزُّهومَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-222>بابُ المَضمَضَةِ مِن شُربِ اللَّبَنِ وغَيِره مِمّا له دُسومَةٌ</span>\n\n٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّه إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السوسيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغانيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، عن الأوزاعِي، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - شَرِبَ لَبَنًا فمَضمَضَ وقال: \"إن له دَسَمًا\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخرَ عن الأوزاعِي (^٤).\n\n٧٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٧).\n(^٢) الزهومة: ريح لحم سمين منتن. لسان العرب ١٢/ ٢٧٧ (ز هـ م).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٦٢٦). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٤٨) عن أبي عاصم به، وأحمد (١٩٥١، ٢٠٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٠٩)، ومسلم (٣٥٨/ ...).","vol":"1","page":458},{"text":"ابنُ الحسنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَرِبَ لَبَنًا ثم دَعا بماءٍ فتَمَضمَضَ مِنه ثم قال: \"إنَّ له دَسَمًا\" (^١).\nرواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَير بنِ يَسارٍ، أن سوَيدَ بنَ النُّعمانِ أخبرَه أنَّه خَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - عامَ خَيبَرَ، حَتَّى إذا كان بالصَّبهاءِ (^٣) من أدنَى خَيبَرَ صَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم دَعا بالأزوادِ فلَم يُؤتَ إلا بالسَّويقِ (^٤)، فأَمَرَ به فثُرِّيَ (^٥)، فأَكَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَكَلنا معه، ثم قامَ إلى المَغرِبِ فمَضمَضَ ومَضمَضنا، ثم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٥٨)، وابن حبان (١١٥٨)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٧٩١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\nوبعده في س، م: \"رواه البخاري في الصحيح عن عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود عن عبد الله بن عباس أن رسول الله - ﷺ - شرب لبنًا ثم دعا بماء فتمضمض منه، ثم قال: إن له دسمًا و\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٥٨/ ...).\n(^٣) الصهباء: جبل أحمر يشرف على خيبر من الجنوب، يسمى اليوم جبل عطوة. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢١١.\n(^٤) السويق: قال الداودى: هو دقيق الشعير، أو السلت المقلى. وقال غيره: ويكون من القمح. فتح البارى ١/ ٣١٢.\n(^٥) ثرى: أى بل بالماء، ثَرَّى التراب يثريه تثرية، إذا رش عليه الماء. النهاية ١/ ٢١٠.","vol":"1","page":459},{"text":"صَلَّى ولم يَتَوَضّأْ (^١). رواه البَخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِي وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-223>باب الرخصة في ترك المضمضة من ذلك</span>\n\n٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاء، يُخبِرُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ أنه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأكُلُ عَرْقًا مِن شاةٍ ثم صَلَّى ولَم يُمَضمِضْ ولَم يَمَسَّ ماءً (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ، عن مُطيعِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنه سمِع أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَرِبَ لَبَنًا فلَم يُمَضمِضْ ولَم يَتَوَضأ وصَلَّى. قال زَيدٌ: دَلَّنِي شُعبَةُ على\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٦، ومن طريقه النسائي (١٨٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٦. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١٥٥) عن أبي خليفة به. والطبرانى (٦٤٥٦) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٩، ٤١٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦١) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٢، ٢٥٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩، ٤٠)، وابن حبان (١١٥٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٥٤/ ...)","vol":"1","page":460},{"text":"هذا الشيخِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لَولا التَّلَمُّظُ (^٢) ما بالَيتُ ألَّا أُمَضمِضَ (^٣).\n\n٧٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ قراءةً عليه، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لَو (^٤) أنِّي أكَلتُ خُبزًا ولَحمًا وشَرِبتُ لَبَنَ اللِّقاحِ (^٥) ما بالَيتُ أن أُصَلِّيَ ولا أتَوَضّأَ، إلا أن أُمَضمِضَ فمِي وأغسل أصابِعِي مِن غَمَرِ (^٦) اللَّحمِ (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-224>بابُ انتِقاضِ الطُّهرِ بعَمدِ الحَدَثِ وسَهوِهِ</span>\n\n٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٧). وأخرجه البزار (٧٤٠٩) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٨١).\n(^٢) التلمظ: الأخذ باللسان ما يبقى في الفم بعد الأكل. وقيل: هو تتبع الطُّعم والتذوق. وقيل: هو تحريك اللسان في الفم بعد الأكل كأنه يتتبع بقية من الطعام بين أسنانه. اللسان ٧/ ٤٦١ (ل م ظ).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٦٨ من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٤) في س، د: \"لولا\".\n(^٥) اللقاح جمع لقحة، وهي: الحلوب من الإبل. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥٠٨.\n(^٦) الغمر بالتحريك: الدسم والزهومة من اللحم، كالوضر من السمن. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٧) أخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"1","page":461},{"text":"تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ أحَدِكُم إذا أحدَثَ حَتَّى يَتَوَضأَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^١).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-225>بابٌ لا يَزولُ اليَقينُ بالشَّكِّ</span>\n\n٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، أخبرَنا الزهريُّ، أخبرنى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيِّبِ وعَبَّادُ بنُ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ قال: شُكِيَ إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - الرَّجل يُخَيَّلُ إلَيه الشَّئُ في الصَّلاة، فقال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنفَتِلْ (^٢) حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ وغَيرِه، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٦٥ - أخبرنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّه البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثني سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم في بَطنِه الرِّيحَ فخُيِّلَ إلَيه أنَّه خَرَجَ مِنه الشَّئُ، فلا يَخرج حَتَّى يَسمَعَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٣)، وسيأتي في (١١٠٤).\n(^٢) في الأصل بالياء والتاء، وفي م: \"ينتقل\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٠)، والخلافيات (٧٩٧)، والحميدى (٤١٣). وتقدم في (٥٦٠)، وسيأتي في (٣٤٢٠، ١٥٢٣٢).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٦٠).","vol":"1","page":462},{"text":"صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِح، وقال في الحديثِ: \"فلا يَخرُجَنَّ مِنَ المَسجِدِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحسنِ أنَّه قال: إذا شَكَكتَ في الحَدَثِ وأَيقَنتَ الوُضوءَ فأَنتَ على وُضوءٍ، وإِذا شَكَكتَ في الوُضوءِ وأَيقَنتَ بالحَدَثِ فتَوَضَّأ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-226>بابُ الانتِضاحِ (^٣) بعدَ الوُضوءِ لِرَدِّ الوَسواسِ</span>\n\n٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ أوِ الحَكَمِ بنِ سُفيانَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا بالَ تَوَضّأَ ويَنتَضِحُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٤٠) عن معمر عمن سمع الحسن: إذا شككت في الوضوء قبل الصلاة فتوضأ، وإذا شككت وأنت في الصلاة أو بعد الصلاة فلا تعد تلك الصلاة.\n(^٣) الانتضاح بالماء: هو أن يأخذ قليلًا من الماء فيرش به مذاكيره بعد الوضوء لينفى عنه الوسواس. وقد نضح عليه الماء ونضحه به: إذا رشه عليه. النهاية ٥/ ١٥٣.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٧١، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٦) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٥٣٨٦) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٢).","vol":"1","page":463},{"text":"كَذا رواه الثورِيُّ ومَعمَرٌ وزائدَةُ عن مَنصورٍ (^١). ورواه شُعبَةُ كما:\n\n٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن رجلٍ يقال مالُ له: الحَكَمُ. أو: أبو الحَكَمِ. مِن ثَقيفٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ ثم أخَذَ حَفنَةً مِن ماءٍ فانتَضَحَ بها (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه وُهَيبٌ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣). ورواه أبو عَوانَةَ ورَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن [الحَكَمِ، أو أبي] (^٤) الحَكَمِ بنِ سُفيانَ الثَّقَفِي مُسنَدًا، [إِلا أنَّهُمْ] (^٥) لم يَذكُروا أباه (^٦). [ورواه إسرائيلُ وسَلَّامُ بنُ أبي مُطيعٍ وزَكَريَّا عن مَنصورٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ سُفيانَ، لم يَشُكّوا ولم يَذكُروا أباه] (^٧) (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٤٨٥) من طريق معمر به. وأحمد (١٧٦٢٠، ١٧٨٥٤، ٢٣٤٦٩) من طريق الثورى وزائدة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٣٠، والنسائي (١٣٤)، والطبرانى (٣١٧٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ ٢/ ٣٢٩، وعنده: \"أبو الحكم بن سفيان\". والطبراني (٣١٧٨)، وعنده: \"الحكم بن سفيان\". وينظر العلل لابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٥٥٨.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨٤)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٢/ ٣٢٩، ٣٣٠، والطبرانى (٣١٧٩، ٣١٨٤) من طريق جرير وأبى عوانة به، وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ١/ ٢٠٦ من طريق روح بن القاسم به.\n(^٧) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٨) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٢/ ٣٢٩، والطبرانى (٣١٧٥) من طريق سلام به. وابن ماجه (٤٦١) من طريق زكريا به.","vol":"1","page":464},{"text":"قالَ أبو عيسَى: سأَلت محمدًا يَعنِي ابنَ إسماعيلَ البخاريَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: الصَّحيحُ ما رَوَى شُعبَةُ ووُهَيبٌ، وقالا: عن أبيه. وربما قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ في هذا الحديث: عن أبيهِ (^١).\nقال الإمام أحمد: رواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن مَنصورٍ، فمَرَّةً ذكَر فيه أباه ومَرَّةً لم يَذكُرْه.\n\n٧٦٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عمرَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن ثَقيفٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - بالَ ثم نَضَحَ (^٢) فرجَه.\nورواه أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ عن ابنِ أبي عمرَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن مَنصورٍ وابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ هَكَذا، وقالَ في الحديثِ: ثم تَوَضأَ ونَضَحَ فرجَه بالماءِ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، أو أبي الحَكَمِ رجل مِن ثَقيفٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ونضحَ فرجَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذي الكبير عقب (٢٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٦)، والحاكم ١/ ١٧١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٤١)، وأبو د اود (١٦٧) من طريق سفيان. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٣).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٤٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٥)، والطيالسى (١٣٦٤).","vol":"1","page":465},{"text":"٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، أخبرَنِي عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ، عن أبيه، أن جِبريلَ نَزَلَ إلى النبي - ﷺ - في أوَّلِ ما أوحِيَ إلَيه فعَلَّمَه الوُضوءَ، فتَوَضأَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -، فلَمَّا فرَغَ أخَذَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بيَدِه ماءً فنَضَحَ به فرجَه (^٢).\n\n٧٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَباسُ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دَعا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بماءٍ وتَوَضأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً ونَضَحَ (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: قَولُه: ونَضَحَ. تَفَرَّدَ به قَبيصَةُ عن سُفيانَ، ورواه جَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ دونَ هَذِه الزّيادَةِ (^٤)، والله أعلمُ.\n\n٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٠. وأخرجه أبو الحسن القطان في زياداته على سنن ابن ماجه عقب (٤٦٢)، والطبرانى (٤٦٥٧) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف به. وأحمد (١٧٤٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٦٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٨٩): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ لضعف ابن لهيعة. وقال أبو حاتم كما في العلل عقب (١٠٤): هذا حديث كذب باطل.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٣٨) عن قبيصة به.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٧٨).","vol":"1","page":466},{"text":"أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا الفُراتُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رجلًا أتَى ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنِّي أجِدُ بَلَلًا إذا قُمتُ أُصَلِّي. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: انضَحْ بكأسٍ مِن ماءٍ، وإِذا وجَدتَ مِن ذلكَ شَيئًا فقُلْ: هو مِنه. فذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فمَكَثَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ ثم أتاه بعدَ ذلكَ فزَعَمَ أنَّه ذَهَبَ ما كان يَجِدُ مِن ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-227>بابُ أداءِ صَلَواتٍ بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال. وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه صَلَّى يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ الصَّلَواتِ بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: رأَيتُكَ صَنَعتَ شَيئًا ما كُنتَ تصنعه. قال: \"عَمدًا صَنَعتُه يا عُمَرُ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى القَطانِ عن الثَّورِيِّ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيُّ الرزازُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٣) من طريق الأعمش عن سعيد وغيره به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٧)، وسيأتي في (١٢٩٥، ١٢٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٧/ ٨٦).","vol":"1","page":467},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضحاك بنُ مَخلَدٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ الثورِيُّ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، وصَلَّى بهِم خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ (^١). ثم ذكَر الباقِيَ بمَعناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-228>بابُ تَجديدِ الوُضوء</span>\n\n٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٢) عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ، وكانَ أَحَدُنا يَكفيه الوُضوءُ ما لم يُحدِثْ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ (^٥).\n\n٧٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا مُسدَّد، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبي غُطَيفٍ الهُذَليُّ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، فلَمّا نودِيَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤١، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٦٣٦)، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٥٣) من طريق الضحاك بن مخلد به.\n(^٢) في ب: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨١.\n(^٣) في س: \"المقرئ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٧٤٧) عن الفريابى به، وأحمد (١٢٣٤٦)، والترمذى (٦٠) من طريق الثورى به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٤).","vol":"1","page":468},{"text":"بالظُّهرِ تَوَضّأ فصلَّى، فلَمّا نودِيَ بالعَصرِ تَوَضّأ، فقُلتُ له، فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن تَوَضّأ على طُهرٍ [كتب اللَّهُ] (^١) له عَشْرَ حَسَناتٍ\" (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: هذا حَديثُ مُسَدَّدٍ وهو أَتَمُّ، وأَنا لِحَديثِ ابنِ يَحيَى أَتقَنُ.\nقال الشيخُ: عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ الأفريقِيُّ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ (^٣)، [وهَذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ] (^٤).\nتم بحمد اللَّه ومَنِّه الجزءُ الأولُ ويتلوه الجزءُ الثاني\nوأوله: جِماعُ أبوابِ ما يوجِبُ الغُسلَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"كُتبت\"، وفي ب: \"كُتِب\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٦٢)، وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥١٢) عن محمد بن يحيى به. والترمذى (٥٩) من طريق الأفريقى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (١٢).\n(^٣) هو عبد الرحمن بن زياد بن أنعم، أبو أيوب الأفريقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢٣٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ٥٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ١٠٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٤١١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ١٧٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٨٠: ضعيف في حفظه.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ب. وينظر العلل المتناهية ١/ ٣٥٢.","vol":"1","page":469},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-229>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما يُوجِبُ الغُسلَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-230>بابُ وُجوبِ الغُسلِ بالتقاءِ الخِتانَينِ</span>\n\n٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الخطابِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا هِشام. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بن أحمدَ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشام وشُعبَةُ قالا: حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي رافعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قَعَدَ بَينَ شُعَبِها الأربَعِ (^٢) وأَلزَقَ الخِتانَ بالخِتانِ فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ. وفِي حَديثِ وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ: \"إذا قَعَدَ بَينَ شُعَبِها الأربَعِ ثم اجتَهَدَ فقَد\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"المجدابادى\".\n(^٢) قال النووي: اختلف العلماء في المراد بالشعب الأربع، فقيل: هي اليدان والرجلان. وقيل: الرجلان والفخذان. وقيل: الرجلان والشفران. واختار القاضي عياض أن المراد شعب الفرج الأربع. والشعب النواحي، واحدتها شعبة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ٤٠، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٢/ ١٠٧، وغريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٢٥٠، والقاموس المحيط (ش ع ب).\n(^٣) أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٢٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩١٠٧)، والدارمى (٧٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٦١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٤٧) من طريق وهب به. وأبو داود (٢١٦) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٠٧٤٣) من طريق هشام وشعبة به.","vol":"2","page":5},{"text":"وجَبَ الغُسلُ\". وفِي حَديثِ أبي نُعَيمٍ: \"ثم جَهَدَها\". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^١).\n\n٧٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا قَتادَةُ ومَطَرٌ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا جَلَسَ بَينَ شُعَبِها الأربَعِ ثم جَهَدَها فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ\" (^٢). وفِي حَديثِ مَطَرٍ: \"وِإن لم يُنزِلْ\". رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِه عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٣).\nوقَد ذكَر أَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ وهَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى وابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ الزّيادَةَ التى ذَكَرَها مَطَرٌ:\n\n٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو (^٤) الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا أَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطَّارُ وهَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قَعَدَ بَينَ شُعَبِها الأربَعِ ثم أَجهَدَ نَفسَه فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ، أَنزَلَ أَو لم يُنزِلْ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٩١)، ومسلم (٣٤٨/ ...).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٢٤) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به. وابن حبان (١١٧٤، ١١٧٨) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٤٨/ ٨٧).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٧٤) عن عفان به.","vol":"2","page":6},{"text":"٧٨١ - أخبرَنا جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ الوَكيلُ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّدابادِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا التَقَى الخِتانانِ (^٢) وجَبَ الغُسلُ، أَنَزَلَ أَو لم يُنزِلْ\".\n\n٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزكِّي، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، أَنَّهُم كانوا جُلوسًا فذَكَروا ما يُوجِبُ الغُسلَ -زادَ أبو موسَى في حَديثِه: فقالَ مَن حَضرَه مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ: إذا مَسَّ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ وجَبَ الغُسلُ. وقالَ مَن حَضَرَه مِنَ الأنصارِ: لا حَتَّى يَدفُقَ. ثم اتَّفَقا في المَعنَى -قال أبو موسَى: أَنا آتى بالخَبَرِ. فقامَ إلى عائشةَ فسَلَّمَ ثم قال: إِنِّي أُريدُ أن أَسأَلَكِ عن شَئٍ وأَنا أَستَحييكِ. فَقالَت: لا تَستَحِي أن تَسأَلَنِي عن شَئٍ كُنتَ سائلًا عنه أُمَّكَ التي ولَدَتكَ، إنَّما أَنا أُمُّكَ. قال: قُلتُ: ما يُوجِبُ الغُسلَ؟ قالَت: على الخَبيرِ سَقَطتَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"المجدابادى\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الختان الختان\". والختانان: موضع القطع من ذكر الغلام وفرج الجارية. ينظر الفائق للزمخشري ١/ ٣٥٤، والنهاية ٢/ ١٠.","vol":"2","page":7},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا جَلَسَ بَينَ شُعَبِها الأربَعِ ومَسَّ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ وجَبَ الغُسلُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ السُّلَميُّ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن الأنصارِيِّ (^٢).\nوقَد رواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي موسَى، إِلا أنَّه لم يَرفَعْه إلى النبي - ﷺ - (^٣)، وإِنَّما رَفَعَه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عليُّ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ (^٤). وعليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ لا يُحتجُّ بحَديثِه (^٥)، وهَذِه الروايَةُ التي أَخرَجَها مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" رِوايَةٌ صَحيحَةٌ مُسنَدَةٌ.\n\n٧٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه القُرَشِيُّ وغَيرُه، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّيِّ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: أخبرَتنى أُمُّ كُلثومٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رجلًا سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن الرَّجُلِ يُجامِعُ أَهلَه ثم يُكسِلُ (^٦)، هَل\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٧)، وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١٨٣) من طريق محمد بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٤٩/ ٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٤٦، وعبد الرزاق (٩٥٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٠٦)، والترمذى (١٠٩) من طريق علي بن زيد بدون ذكر أبي موسى.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب حديث (٢٧).\n(^٦) قال النووي: ضبطناه بضم الياء ويجوز فتحها، يقال: أكْسَل الرجل في جماعه إذا ضعف عن الإنزال، وكَسِل أيضًا، والأول أفصح. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٤/ ٣٨.","vol":"2","page":8},{"text":"عليه (^١) مِن غُسلٍ؟ وعائشَةُ جالِسَةٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إِنِّي لأفعَلُ ذَلِكَ أَنا وهَذِه ثم نَغتَسِلُ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّه إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَني أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ قال: حدَّثني عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّها سُئلَت عن الرَّجُلِ يُجامِعُ أَهلَه ولا يُنزِلُ الماءَ فقالَت: فعَلتُه أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فاغتَسَلنا مِنه جَميعًا (^٤).\n\n٧٨٥ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِي أبي قال: أخبرَني أبو أَيّوبَ قال: أخبرني أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إذا جامَعَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ فلَم يُنزِلْ. قال: \"يَغسِلُ ما مَسَّ المَرأَةَ مِنه ثم يَتَوَضّأُ ويُصَلِّي\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عليهما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٢٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٥٠/ ٨٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ٦٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٨١)، والترمذي (١٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٦٠٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٩٦، ٩١٢٧)، وابن حبان (١١٧٦، ١١٨٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٩٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٨٧)، وابن حبان (١١٦٩) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"2","page":9},{"text":"عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n٧٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ عيسَى البِسْطامِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدَّثني الحسينُ المُعَلِّمُ، حدَّثني يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، أن أبا سلمةَ حدَّثه، أن عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ حدَّثه، أن زَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيَّ حدَّثه، أنَّه سألَ عثمانَ بنَ عفَّانَ عن الرَّجُلِ يُجامِعُ فلا يُنزِلُ، فقالَ: لَيسَ عليه غُسلٌ. ثم قال: سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. قال: فسألتُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ عليَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ والزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ وطَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّه وأبيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ فقالوا مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. [قال أبو سلمةَ: وحدثنى عروةُ بنُ الزبيرِ، أنه سأل أبا أيوبَ الأنصاريَّ فقال مثلَ ذلك] (^٢) عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ البِسطامِي. وقالَ أبو قِلابَةَ في حَديثِه: لَيسَ مِنه إِلا الطُّهورُ. ولَم يَذكُرْ أُبَيًّا ولا حَديثَ عُروةَ عن أبي أَيّوبَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، إِلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٩٣)، ومسلم (٣٤٦/ ٨٤).\n(^٢) سقط من: النسخ. والمثبت من صحيح ابن خزيمة، ويقتضيه كلام المصنف الآتي.\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٢٢٤)، وعن ابن حبان (١١٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٨) من طريق عبد الصمد به.","vol":"2","page":10},{"text":"قَولَ عليٍّ ومَن مَعَه (^١).\n\n٧٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ أخبرَه، أن زَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيَّ أخبرَه، أنَّه سألَ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ: قالَ: قلتُ: أَرأَيتَ الرَّجُلَ يُجامِعُ امرأَتَه ولَم يُمنِ؟ قال عثمانُ: تَوَضّأ كما يَتَوَضّأُ لِلصَّلاةِ ويَغسِلُ ذكَرَه. وذكَر أنَّه سَمِعَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فسألتُ عن ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ والزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ وطَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، فأَمَروه بذَلِكَ (^٢). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ (^٣) بنِ حَفصٍ عن شَيبانَ، وذكَر فيهِم أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن ذَكوانَ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ على\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٩٢)، ومسلم (٣٤٧/ ٨٦) بدون ذكر سؤال علي والزبير وطلحة وأبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٧٠) عن عبيد الله به. وأحمد (٤٥٨) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ: \"سعيد\"، وفي صحيح البخاري: \"سعد\"، وقد نبه ابن حجر أنه في رواية القابسي للبخارى: \"سعيد\".\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٩).","vol":"2","page":11},{"text":"رجلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فأَرسَلَ إِلَيه، فخَرَجَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فقالَ: \"لَعلَّنا أَعجَلناكَ\". قال: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أُعجِلتَ أَو أَقحَطتَ (^١) فلا غُسلَ عَلَيكَ، وعَلَيكَ الوُضوءُ\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم عن أبي بكرٍ وغَيرِه عن غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\nفهَذا (^٤) حُكمٌ مَنسوخٌ بالأخبارِ التي قَدَّمنا ذِكرَها، والَّذِي يَدُلُّ على نَسخِه ما:\n\n٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِيِّ، عن الزُّهريِّ، أن رِجالًا مِنَ الأنصارِ فيهم أبو أيُّوب وأبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ، كانوا يُفتُونَ: الماءُ مِنَ الماءِ، وأَنَّه لَيسَ على مَن أَتَى امرأَتَه فلَم يُنزِلْ غُسلٌ. فلَمَّا ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ وابنِ عمرَ وعائشَةَ أَنكَروا ذَلِكَ وقالوا: إذا جاوَزَ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ. فقالَ سَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ، وكانَ قَد أَدرَكَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - في زَمانِه وهو ابنُ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أقحط: فتر ولم ينزل، وهو من: أقحط الناس، إذا لم يمطروا. النهاية ٤/ ١٧.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٢٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٦٢، ١١٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٠)، ومسلم (٣٤٥/ ٨٣).\n(^٤) جواب لقوله: \"وأما ... \" المتقدم في أول حديث (٧٨٥).","vol":"2","page":12},{"text":"سنةً: حدَّثني أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ أن الفُتيا التي كانَت: الماءُ مِنَ الماءِ، رُخصةٌ أَرخَصها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أَوَّلِ الاسلامِ، ثم أَمَرَ بالغُسلِ (^١).\n\n٧٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو عَبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ عمرَ (^٢) بنِ بَرهانٍ الغَرالُ وأبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيُّ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: إنَّما كانَتِ الفُتيا في الماءِ مِن الماءِ رُخصةً في أَوَّلِ الاسلامِ، ثم نُهِيَ عَنها (^٣).\nوهَذا الحديثُ لم يَسمَعْه الزُّهرِيُّ مِن سَهلٍ، إنَّما سَمِعَه عن بَعضِ أَصحابِه عن سَهلٍ:\n\n٧٩١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرو يَعنِي ابنَ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حدَّثَني بَعضُ مَن أَرضى، أن سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السَّاعِدِي أخبرَه، أن أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - إنَّما جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٠٩)، وابن الجارود (٩١) بتمامه، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٥) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٩٣).\n(^٢) في س: \"عمرو\". وتقدمت ترجمته في حديث (٤٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٧٦٩) عن أبي علي به. وأحمد (٢١١٠١، ٢١١٠٢)، والترمذي (١١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٩٦).","vol":"2","page":13},{"text":"رُخصَةً لِلنّاسِ في أَوَّلِ الإسلامِ لِقِلَّةِ الثّيابِ، ثم أمَرَنا (^١) بالغُسلِ ونَهَى عن ذَلِكَ (^٢). وقَد رُوِّيناه بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَوصولٍ صَحيحٍ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ:\n\n٧٩٢ - أَخبرَنا (^٣) أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الجَمّالُ (^٤) (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا مُبَشَرٌ الحَلَبِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي غَسَّان، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حدَّثَني أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ، أن الفُتيا التي كانوا يُفتونَ أن الماءَ مِنَ الماءِ، كانَت رُخصةً رَخَّصَها رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - في بَدءِ الإسلامِ، ثم أَمَرَ بالاغتِسالِ بَعدُ (^٥). وفِي حَديثِ موسَى بنِ هارونَ: ثم أَمَرَنا بالاغتِسالِ بَعدُ.\n\n٧٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ كَعبٍ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ، أن مَحمودَ بنَ لَبيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ سألَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ عن الرَّجُلِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أمر\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة بعد (٢٢٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢١١٠٥) من طريق عمرو به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود ١٩٨١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وأخبرنا\".\n(^٤) في س: \"الحمال\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥١٩.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٧) عن أبي الحسن به، وأبو داود (٢١٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١٧٩) من طريق محمد بن مهران به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٩).","vol":"2","page":14},{"text":"يُصيبُ أَهلَه ثم يُكسِلُ فلا يُنزِلُ. فقالَ زَيدٌ: يَغتَسِلُ. فقالَ له مَحمودُ بنُ لَبيدٍ: إنَّ أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ كان لا يَرَى الغُسلَ. فَقالَ له زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: إنَّ أُبَيًّا نَزَعَ عن ذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يَموتَ (^١).\nقَولُ أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ: الماءُ مِنَ الماءِ. ثم نُزوعُه عنه يَدُلّ على أنَّه أُثبِتَ له أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال بَعدُ ما نَسَخَه، وكَذَلِكَ عثمانُ بنُ عفانَ وعليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ وغَيرُهُما.\n\n٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنَ عفانَ وعائشَةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا مَسَّ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٥ - قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ: وحَدَّثَنِي الدَّراوردِيُّ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أَبيه، أن عَليًّا كان يقولُ: ما أَوجَبَ الحَدُّ أَوجَبَ الغُسلَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي النَّضرِ (^٤) مَولَى عمرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّه قال: سألتُ عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ -: ما يوجِبُ الغُسلَ؟ فقالَت: أَتَدرِي ما مَثَلُكَ يا أبا سلمةَ؟ مَثَلُكَ مَثَلُ الفَرّوجِ يَسمَعُ الدِّيَكَةَ تَصرُخُ فيَصرُخُ مَعَها (^٥)، إذا جاوَزَ الخِتانُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٧) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤٥، ٤٦. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٠) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٢، ٩٤٣، ٩٥٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٤٦) عن أبي جعفر به بنحوه.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"النصر\" بالصاد المهملة.\n(^٥) قال الباجي: يحتمل معنيين، أحدهما أن أبا سلمة كان في زمان الصبا وقبل أن يبلغ حد الجماع =","vol":"2","page":15},{"text":"الخِتانَ فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ (^١).\n\n٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ (^٢)، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا خالَفَ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ وجَبَ الغُسلُ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٤) بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ وهِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قالَ: سألتُ عَبِيدَةَ: ما يُوجِبُ الغُسلَ؟ قال: الدَّفقُ والخِلاطُ (^٥).\n\n٧٩٩ - وبِإِسنادِه، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن\n_________\n= يسأل عن مسائل الجماع ويتكلم فيها وهو لا يعرفها إلا بالسماع من غيره كالفرُّوج الذي يسمع الديكة التي بلغت حد الصراخ فيصرخ معها وإن لم يبلغ ذلك الحد. والثانى أن أبا سلمة كان صبيًّا لم يبلغ مبلغ الكلام في العلم إلا أنه كان يسمع الرجال والكهول يتكلمون في العلم فيتكلم معهم. المنتقى ١/ ٩٦.\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤٦، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٩٤١)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٦٠.\n(^٢) في د: \"زهير\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شية (٩٥٦) من طريق عبيد الله به. وفيه: جاوز الختان.\n(^٤) في م. \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) الخلاط: يكنى به عن الجماع لاختلاط الفرجين. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٦، وغريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٥٢٦، والمصباح المنير (خ ل ط).\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٥٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٥١) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"2","page":16},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِثلَه (^١).\n\n٨٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا جاوَزَ الخِتانُ الخِتانَ فقَد وجَبَ الغُسلُ.\n\n٨٠١ - وبِه عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ عن عليٍّ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-231>بابُ وُجوبِ الغُسلِ بخُروج المَنِيِّ</span>\n\n٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرٌو يَعنِي ابنَ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابِ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رسولَ الَلَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الماءُ مِنَ الماءِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيِعِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٣٨) عن الثورى عن جابر به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١١٦٨) من طريق ابن وهب به، وأحمد (١١٢٤٣) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٤٣/ ٨١).","vol":"2","page":17},{"text":"عن حُصَينِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ الفَزارِيِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَذي فقالَ: \"إذا رأَيتَ المَذيَ فتَوَضّأ واغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ، وإذا رأيتَ نَضحَ الماءِ فاغتَسِلْ\" (^١).\n\n٨٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ الكوفِيُّ مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا عمرٌو النّاقِدُ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الرُّؤاسِيُّ، حدثنا حَسَن يَعنِي ابنَ صالِحٍ، عن بَيانٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ (^٢) صَفوانَ، عن عليٍّ قال: كُنتُ رجلًا مَذَّاءً، فلَمّا رأى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - الماءَ قَد آذاني قال: \"إنَّما الغُسلُ مِنَ الماءِ الدّافِقِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-232>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُنزِلُ في مَنامِهِ</span>\n\n٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحسينُ بنُ أبي مَعشَرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ بحَرَّانَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن أَخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الرَّجُلِ يَرَى في المَنامِ البَلَلَ ولا يَذكُرُ احتِلامًا، قال: \"يَغتَسِلُ\". وإِن رأى أنَّه احتَلَمَ ولَم يَرَ بَلَلًا: \"فلا غُسلَ عليه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٨)، والنسائي (١٩٤)، وابن حبان (١١٠٢) من طريق زائدة به. وسيأتي برقم (٨١٤). صحيح. وينظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٢) في ب، د: \"أبي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٥١٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٦٢) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٦٩٤) عن أبي كريب به، وسيأتي تخريجه في (٨١١).","vol":"2","page":18},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-233>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَرَى في مَنامِها ما يَرَى الرَّجُلُ</span>\n\n٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ (^١) ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِي ابنَ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَني مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أم سلمةَ زَوجِ النبي - ﷺ - أَنَّها قالَت: جاءَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ امرأةُ أبي طَلحَةَ الأنصارِيِّ إلى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ الله لا يَستَحيِي مِنَ الحَقِّ، هَل على المَرأَةِ مِن غُسلٍ إذا هِيَ احتَلَمَت؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم إذا رأتِ الماءَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٣).\nوأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ:\n\n٨٠٧ - مِنها ما أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن غالب أبو بكر البرقاني الخوارزمي الشافعي، الإمام العلامة الفقيه، الحافظ الثبت، شيخ الفقهاء والمحدثين، قال الخطيب: كان ثقة ورعا، متقنًا متثبتًا فهمًا، لم ير في شيوخنا أثبت منه. توفي سنة (٤٢٥ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٣٧٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٦٤، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكي ٤/ ٤٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٢) عن الحاكم به، ومالك ١/ ٥١، ٥٢، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٥)، وابن حبان (١١٦٥، ١١٦٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٢، ٦١٢١).","vol":"2","page":19},{"text":"محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وزادَ: فقُلتُ لها: فضَحتِ النِّساءَ! وهَل تَحتَلِمُ المَرأَةُ؟ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَرِبَت يَمينُكِ (^١)، فبِمَ (^٢) يُشبِهُها ولَدُها إذن\" (^٣). رواه مسلم عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ (^٤). كَذا قال هِشامٌ.\nوخالَفَه الزُّهرِيُّ فقالَ: عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، أخبرَنا عُبَيدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِي ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أَنَّها حَدَّثَته، أن أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ أُمَّ بنى (^٥) أبي طَلحَةَ ذَهَبَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ اللهَ لا يَستَحيِي مِنَ الحَق، أَرأيتَ المَرأَةَ تَرَى في النَّومِ ما يَرَى الرَّجُلُ، أَتَغتَسِلُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قالَت عائشَةُ: أُفٍّ لَكِ، أَتَرَى المَرأَةُ ذَلِكَ؟ فالتَفَتَ إِلَيها رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"تَرِبَت يَداكِ، فمِن أَينَ يَكونُ الشَّبَهُ؟ \" (^٦). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ عن\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى: والأصح الأقوى الذي عليه المحققون في معناه أنها كلمة أصلها: افتقرت، ولكن العرب اعتادت استعماله غير قاصدة حقيقة معناها الأصلى. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٣/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) في س: \"فمن أين\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٨٣)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٦٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٥) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣١٣/ ...).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بنت\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارمي (٧٩٠)، وأبو عوانة (٨٤١) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"2","page":20},{"text":"أبيه عن جَدِّهِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ والزُّبَيدِيّ وابنُ أَخِي الزُّهرِيِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢). وأَرسَلَه مالكٌ عنه في أَكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ (^٣)، إِلا أن ابنَ أبي الوَزيرِ رواه عن مالكٍ فأَسنَدَه كَذَلِكَ (^٤).\nورواه مُسافِعٌ الحَجَبِيُّ عن عُروةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِيِّ:\n\n٨٠٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ خَليلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي زائدَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن مُسافِعِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أن امرأةً قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، هَل تَغتَسِلُ المَرأَةُ إذا احتَلَمَت أَو أَبصَرتِ الماءَ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: تَرِبَت يَداكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"دَعيها، وهَل يَكون الشَّبَهُ إِلا مِن قِبَلِ ذَلِكَ؟ إذا عَلا ماؤُها ماءَ الرَّجُلِ أَشبَهَ الوَلَدُ أَخوالَه، وإذا عَلا ماءُ الرَّجُلِ ماءَها أَشبَهَ الوَلَدُ أَعمامَه\" (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣١٤).\n(^٢) رواية يونس أخرجها أبو داود (٢٣٧). ورواية الزبيدى أخرجها النسائي (١٩٦). ورواية ابن أخى الزهري ذكرها أبو داود عقب (٢٣٧)، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٤/ ١٣٣.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٥١. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٤/ ١٣٤، ١٣٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهد ٥/ ١٥٠ من طريق ابن أبي الوزير به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦١٠) من طريق أبن أبي زائدة به.","vol":"2","page":21},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ (^١).\n\n٨١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّه] (^٢) محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلاليُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ وحُصَينُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سألَتِ امرأةٌ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - عن المَرأَةِ تَرَى [في مَنامِها ما يَرَى] (^٣) الرَّجُلُ في المَنامِ، فقالَ: \"إذا كان مِنها ما يَكونُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فلتَغتَسِلْ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ الخَيّاطُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - عن الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ البَلَلَ ولا يَذكُرُ احتِلامًا، قال: \"يَغتَسِلُ\". وعَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرَى أن قَدِ احتَلَمَ ولا يَجِدُ البَلَلَ، قال: \"لا غُسلَ عليه\". فقالَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ: فالمَرأَةُ تَرَى ذَلِكَ، أَعَلَيها غُسلٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، إنَّما النساءُ شَقائقُ الرِّجالِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣١٤/ ٣٣).\n(^٢) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٣) في س: \"ما رأى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٣٣) من طريق داود به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣١٢).\n(^٦) أبو داود (٢٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٩٥)، والترمذي (١١٣)، وابن ماجه (٦١٢) من طريق حماد به بنحوه. وقال الترمذي: عبد اللَّه بن عمر ضعفه يحيى بن سعيد من قبل حفظه. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٦): حسن، إلا قول أم سليم: \"المرأة ترى\" وتقدم برقم (٨٠٥).","vol":"2","page":22},{"text":"/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-234> بابُ صِفَةِ ماءِ الرَّجُلِ وماءِ المَرأَةِ اللَّذَينِ (^١) يوجِبانِ الغُسلَ</span>\n\n٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالا: حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ حَدَّثَهُم، أن أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ حَدَّثَت، أَنَّها سألَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَرأَةِ تَرَى في مَنامِها ما يَرَى الرَّجُلُ في مَنامِه، فقالَ رسولُ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأت ذَلِكَ المَرأَةُ فلتَغتَسِلْ\". فقالَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ (^٢): واستَحْييتُ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣) وهَل يَكونُ هَذا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فمِن أَينَ يَكونُ الشَّبَهُ؟ إنَّ ماءَ الرَّجُلِ غَليظٌ أَبيَضُ، وماءَ المَرأَةِ رَقيقٌ أَصفَرُ، فمِن أيِّهما عَلا أَو سبَقَ يَكونُ مِنه الشَّبَهُ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ العباسِ. رواه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ب، د: \"اللذان\". وإلزام الألف المثنى رفعا ونصبا وجرا لغة فيه. ينظر شرح ابن عقيل ١/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) في م، ومسند أحمد، والنسائي: \"سلمة\". قال النووى تعليقًا على رواية مسلم التالية: \"قوله: فقالت أُم سليم: واستحييت من ذلك\". هكذا هو في الأصول، وذكر الحافظ أبو علي الغساني أنه هكذا في أكثر النسخ، وأنه غُيّر في بعض النسخ فجعل: (فقالت أم سلمة). والمحفوظ من طرق شَتى: (أم سلمة)، قال القاضي عياض: وهذا هو الصواب؛ لأن السائلة هي أم سليم والرادة عليها أم سلمة في هذا الحديث، وعائشة في الحديث المتقدم، ويحتمل أن عائشة وأم سلمة جميعًا أنكرتا عليها، وإن كان أهل الحديث يقولون: الصحيح هنا أم سلمة لا عائشة. والله أعلم\". صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ٢٢٢، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"قالت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٢٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٧٦)، وابن حبان (٦١٨٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.","vol":"2","page":23},{"text":"مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن العباسِ بنِ الوَليدِ النَّرسِيِّ (^١).\n\n٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الدَّيرَعاقوليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، أنه سمِع أبا سَلَّامٍ قال: حدَّثَني أبو أَسماءَ الرَّحَبِيُّ، أن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - قال: كُنتُ قائمًا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فجاءَ حَبْرٌ مِن أَحبارِ اليَهودِ، فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا محمدُ. قال: فدَفَعتُه دَفعَةً كادَ يُصرَعُ مِنها، فقالَ اليهوديُّ: لِمَ دَفَعتَنى؟ فقُلتُ: أَلا تَقولُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال اليهوديُّ: إنَّما نَدعوه باسمِه الذي سَمَّاه به أَهلُه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اسمِي الذي سَمّانِي به أَهلِي محمدٌ\". قال اليَهودِيُّ: جِئتُ أَسأَلُكَ عن شَئٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"أيَنفَعُكَ شَئٌ إِن حَدَّثتك؟ \". قال: أَسمَعُ بأُذُّنَيَّ. فنكت رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بعودٍ معه ثم قال: \"سَلْ\". فقالَ اليَهودِيُّ: أَينَ يَكونُ الناسُ يَومَ تُبَدَّلُ الأرضُ غَيرَ الأرضِ والسَّماواتُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هُم في الظُّلمَةِ دونَ الجِسرِ\". قال: فمَن أَوَّلُ الناسِ إِجازَةً قال: \"فُقَراءُ المُهاجِرينَ\". قال اليهوديُّ: فما تُحفَتُهُم (^٢) حينَ يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ؟ قال: \"زيادَةُ كَبِدِ النّونِ (^٣) \". قال: فما غِذاؤُهُم على إثْرِها؟ قال: \"يُنحَرُ لهم ثَورُ الجَنَّةِ الذي كان يُأكُلُ مِن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣١١).\n(^٢) التحفة: ما يهدى إلى الرجل ويخص به ويلاطف. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٢٢٧، والمصباح المنير (ت حـ ف)، والتاج ٢٣/ ٥٢ (ت ح ف).\n(^٣) النون: الحوت، وجمعه نينان، وزيادة الكبد: طرف الكبد، وهو أطيبها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٢٢٧، وينظر العين ٨/ ٣٩٦.","vol":"2","page":24},{"text":"أَطرافِها\". قال: فما شَرابُهُم عَلَيهِ؟ قال: \"مِن عَينٍ فيها تُسَمَّى سَلسَبيلًا\". فقالَ: صَدَقتَ. قال: وجِئتُ أَسأَلُكَ عن شَئٍ لا يَعلَمُه أَحَدٌ مِن أَهلِ الأرضِ إِلا نَبِيٌّ أَو رجلٌ أَو رجلانِ. قالَ: \"أَيَنفَعُكَ إِن حَدَّثتك؟ \". قال: أَسمَعُ بأُذُنَيَّ. قال: جِئتُ أَسأَلُكَ عن الوَلَدِ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ماءُ الرَّجلِ أَبيَضُ وماءُ المَرأَةِ أَصفَرُ، فإِذا عَلا مَنِيُّ الرَّجلِ مَنِيَّ المَرأَةِ أَذكَرا بإِذنِ الله تعالَى، وِإذا عَلا مَنِيُّ المَرأَةِ مَنِيَّ الرَّجُلِ آنَثا بإِذنِ اللهِ\". فقالَ: صَدَقتَ وإِنَّكَ لَنَبِيٌّ. ثم انصَرَفَ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَقَد سألَنِي هذا عن الذي سألَنِي (^١) وما لِي بشَئٍ مِنه عِلمٌ حَتَّى أَتانِي اللَّهُ به\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانيِّ عن أبي تَوبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-235>بابٌ: المَذيُ والوَديُ لا يُوجِبانِ الغُسلَ</span>\n\n٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الحَذّاءُ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيع، عن حُصَينِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: كُنتُ رجلًا مَذَّاءً، فجَعَلتُ أَغتَسِلُ حَتَّى تَشَقَّقَ ظَهرِي. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِي - ﷺ - أَو ذُكِرَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"لا تَفعَلْ، إذا رأيتَ المَذيَ فاغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضّأْ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ، فإِذا نَضَحتَ الماءَ فاغتَسِلْ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عنه\"، وهي كذلك في صحيح مسلم.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٢) من طريق أبي توبة به، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٧٣) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣١٥/ ٣٤).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٠٦)، وفيه: \"فضخت\" بدلا من: \"نضحت\". وأخرجه النسائي (١٩٣) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٨٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠)، وابن حبان (١١٠٧) من طريق عبيدة به، وتقدم برقم (٨٠٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٠).","vol":"2","page":25},{"text":"٨١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِيُّ الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خلّاد بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن زُرعَةَ أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: المنيُّ والمَذيُ والوَديُ؛ أَمَّا المَنيُّ فهوَ الذي مِنه الغُسلُ، وأما الوَديُ والمَذيُ فقالَ: اغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ أَو مَذاكيرَكَ وتَوَضّأْ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ في المَذيِ بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-236>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ في ثَوبِه مَنيًّا ولا يَذكُرُ احتِلامًا</span>\n\n٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، عن مالك وغَيرِهِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن زُيَيدِ بنِ الصَّلتِ أنه قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ إلى الجُرْفِ (^٣)، فنَظَرَ فإِذا هو قَدِ احتَلَمَ وصَلَّى ولَم يَغتَسِلْ، فقالَ: والله ما أُراني إِلا قَدِ احتَلَمتُ وما شَعَرتُ، وصَلَّيتُ وما اغتَسَلتُ. فاغتَسَلَ وغَسَلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه من طريق أخرى عن ابن عباس في (٥٦٩).\n(^٢) ينظر الموطأ ١/ ٤١، والأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) الجُرف: مكان غربى المدينة يرى من جبل سلع مغيب الشمس. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٨١. وينظر معجم ما استعجم ١/ ٣٧٧.","vol":"2","page":26},{"text":"ما رأى في ثَوبِه ونَضَحَ ما لم يَرَ، وأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، ثم صَلَّى بعدَ ارتِفاعِ الضُّحَى مُتَمَكِّنًا (^١). لَفظُ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ.\n\n٨١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجاني، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ صَلَّى الصُّبحَ بالنّاسِ ثم غَدا إلى أَرضِه بالجُرفِ، فوَجَدَ في ثَوبِه احتَلامًا فقالَ: إنّا لمَّا أَصَبْنا الوَدَكَ لانَتِ العُروقُ. فاغتَسَلَ وغَسَلَ ما رأى في ثَوبِه مِنَ الاحتِلامِ [وعادَ لصلاتِه] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-237>بابٌ: الحائضُ تَغتَسِلُ إذا طَهَرَت</span>\n\n٨١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ استُحيضت سَبعَ سِنينَ -وكانَتِ امرأةَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ- فسألَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما هو عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، فاغتَسِلِي وصَلِّي\". فكانَت تَغتَسِلَ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب البخاري\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وفِي \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤٩. ومن طريقه الشافعى ١/ ٣٧، وعبد الرزاق (٣٦٤٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"وأعاد الصلاة\".\nوالأثر في الموطأ ١/ ٤٩. ومن طريقه الشافعى ١/ ٣٧، ٣٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٩٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٢٩١) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"2","page":27},{"text":"الحارِثِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عَنهُما (^١).\n\n٨١٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العبَّاس بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدَّثني الزهرِيُّ، حدَّثَني عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةُ بنت عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: استُحيضَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ جَحشٍ - وهِيَ تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ - سَبعَ سِنينَ، واشتَكَت ذَلِكَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، إنَّما هو عِرقٌ، فإِذا أَقبَلَتِ الحَيضةُ فدَعِي الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أَدبَرَت فاغتَسِلِي ثم صَلِّي\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وكانَت أمُّ حَبيبَةَ تَقعُدُ في مِركَنٍ (^٢) لأُختِها زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، حَتَّى إنَّ حُمرَةَ الدَّمِ لَتَعلو الماءَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَوله: \"فإذا أَقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ\". في هذا الحديثِ لم يَذكُرْه أَحَدٌ مِن أَصحابِ الزُّهرِيِّ غَيرُ الأوزاعِيِّ (^٤).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-238> بابُ الكافر يُسلِم فيَغتَسِلُ</span>\n\n٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا [أبو عبدِ الله] (^٥) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٢٧)، ومسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٤).\n(^٢) المركن: هي الإجانة (وعاء كبير) التي تغسل فيها الثياب. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٠٣، ٢٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٦٢٦) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٣٨) من طريق الأوزاعي عن الزهري عن عروة عن عمرة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٠٣).\n(^٤) ينظر سنن أبي داود عقب (٢٨٥).\n(^٥) كذا بالنسخ، وكتب عليها في الأصل: كذا.","vol":"2","page":28},{"text":"رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ وأبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ ابنُ الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ وعَبدُ اللَّه ابنا عمرَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن ثُمامَةَ الحَنَفِيُّ أُسِرَ، فكانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَغدو إِلَيه فيَقولُ: \"ما عندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". فيَقولُ: إِن تقتل تقتل ذا دم، وإِن تَمُنَّ تَمُنَّ على شاكِرٍ، وإِن تُرِدِ المالَ نُعطِكَ مِنه ما شِئتَ. وكانَ أَصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُحِبّونَ الفِداءَ ويَقولونَ: ما نَصنَعُ بقَتلِ هَذا؟ فمَرَّ عليه النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَومًا فأَسلَمَ فحَلَّه، وبَعَثَ به إلى حائطِ (^١) أبي طَلحَةَ وأَمَرَه أن يَغتَسِلَ، فاغتَسَلَ وصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَقَد حَسُنَ إِسلامُ أَخيكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٨٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِيُّ قال: قُرِئَ على شُعَيبِ بنِ الليث، أخبرَكَ أَبوكَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - خَيلًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فجاءَت برَجُلٍ مِن بنى حَنيفَةَ يُقالُ له: ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ. سَيِّدُ اليَمامَةِ، فرَبَطوه بساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِي المَسجِدِ. وذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَطلِقوا ثُمامَةَ\". فانطَلَقَ إلى نَخلٍ قَريبٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحائط: البستان من النخيل إذا كان عليه حائط وهو الجدار، وجمعه الحوائط. النهاية ١/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٣٤)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٢٣٨)، وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٣) عن محمد بن يحيى الذهلي به.","vol":"2","page":29},{"text":"مِنَ المَسجِدِ فاغتَسَلَ، ثم دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فقالَ: أَشهَدُ أن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّه. وذكَر باقِيَ الحَديثِ (^١). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن الليث (^٢).\nوفِي هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ الغُسلُ قبلَ الشَّهادَةِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أَسلَمَ عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ثم اغتَسَلَ ودَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فأَظهَرَ الشهادة، جَمعًا بَينَ الرِّوايَتَينِ.\n\n٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ (^٣) بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدَّثَني الحسنُ بنُ سَهلٍ المُجَوِّزُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأغَرِّ، عن خَليفَةَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، أنَّه أَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَسلَمَ فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَغتَسِلَ بماء وسِدرٍ (^٤).\nوهَكَذا رواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ عن سُفيانَ الثورِيِّ (^٥). ورواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، كما:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في السنن الصغرى (٣٥٩٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٢) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (٩٨٣٣)، ومسلم (١٧٦٤/ ٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٦٧٩)، والنسائي (١٨٩)، وابن حبان (١٢٣٩) من طريق ليث به. وسيأتي في (١٢٩٦٥، ١٨٠٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦٩، ٢٤٢٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوَّة ٥/ ٣١٧. وأخرجه ابن قانع في معجمه ٢/ ٣٤٨، والطبرانى ١٨/ ٣٣٨ (٨٦٦)، وأبو نعيم في حلية الأولياء ٧/ ١١٧، وفي معرفة الصحابة (٥٧٢٠) من طريق الحسن بن سهل المجوز به.\n(^٥) رواية يحيى أخرجها النسائي (١٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٠). ورواية ابن مهدى أخرجها أحمد (٢٠٦١١)، والترمذي (٦٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٤)، وقال الترمذي: حسن لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٤٩٥).","vol":"2","page":30},{"text":"٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأغَرِّ، عن خَليفَةَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، أن جَدَّه قَيسَ بنَ عاصِمٍ أَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - يُريدُ أن يُسلِمَ، فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَغتَسِلَ بماءٍ وسِدرٍ (^١). وبِمَعناه رواه محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٢) وجَماعَةٌ، إِلا أن أَكثَرَهُم قالوا: عن جدِّه قَيسِ بنِ عاصِمٍ. ورواه قَبيصةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ فزادَ في إِسنادِهِ:\n\n٨٢٤ - أَخبَرَناه أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأغَرِّ -وهو ابنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، وهو مَولَى بنى مِنقَرٍ- عن خَليفَةَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن أَبيه، أن جَدَّه قَيسَ بنَ عاصِمٍ أَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَسلَمَ (^٣)، فأَمَرَه أن يَغتَسِلَ بماءٍ وسِدرٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ. فذكَره هَكَذا.\n\n٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٧/ ٣٦ عن وكيع به، وأحمد (٢٠٦١٥) من طريق وكيع به بزيادة \"عن أبيه\" ين خليفة وقيس.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٥) عن محمد بن كثير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٢).\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩٦، ٣/ ١٨٧.","vol":"2","page":31},{"text":"قال: أُخبِرتُ عن عُثَيمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنه جاءَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: قَد أَسلَمتُ. فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \" أَلقِ عَنكَ شَعَرَ الكُفرِ\". يقولُ: احلِقْ. قال: وأَخبَرَني آخَرُ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال لآخَرَ معه: \"أَلقِ عَنكَ شَعَرَ الكُفرِ واختَتِنْ\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦٧)، والمعرفة (٥٢٥٦)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٣٥، ١٩٢٢٤) وعنه أحمد (١٥٤٣٢). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٣). وسيأتي في (١٧٦٢٠).","vol":"2","page":32},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-239>جماعُ أَبوابِ الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-240>بابُ بدايَةِ الجُنُبِ في الغُسلِ بغَسلِ يَدَيه قبلَ إِدخالِهِما الإناءَ</span>\n\n٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ إِملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ بَدأ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه مِنَ الإناءِ قبلَ أن يُدخِلَ يَدَه في الإناءِ، ثم تَوَضّأَ مِثلَ وُضوئه لِلصَّلاةِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن مُعاويَة بنِ عمرٍو (^١).\n\n٨٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فبَدأ فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا، ثم تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم أَدخَلَ يَدَه فخَلَّلَ بها أُصولَ الشَّعَرِ حَتَّى خُيِّلَ إليَّ (^٢) أنَّه استَبرأ البَشَرَةَ، ثم صَبَّ على رأسِه الماءَ، ثم أَفاضَ على سائرِ جَسَدِه الماءَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شيبة (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣١٦/ عقب ٣٦).\n(^٢) في س: \"لي\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٠، ٧٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٥٧) عن وكيع به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣١٦/ ٣٦).","vol":"2","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-241>بابُ غَسلِ الجُنُبِ ما به مِنَ الأذَى بشِمالِهِ</span>\n\n٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ مَخْرَمَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ بَدأ بيَمينِه فصبَّ عَلَيها مِنَ الماءِ فغَسَلَها، ثم صَبَّ الماءَ على الأذَى الذي به بيَمينِه وغَسَلَ عنه بشِمالِه، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ مِن ذَلِكَ (^١). أَظنُّهُ أراد (^٢) صَبَّ الماءَ على رأسِه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلِيِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-242>بابُ دَلكِ اليَدِ بالأرضِ بَعدَه وغَسلِها</span>\n\n٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِي، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: حَدَّثَتنِي خالَتِي مَيمونَةُ قالَت: أَدنَيتُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غُسلَه (^٤) مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٦٣) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. وأبو عوانة (٨٥٨)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٧٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في م: \"زاد\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٢١/ ٤٣).\n(^٤) قال النووي: هو بضم الغين، وهو الماء الذي يُغتسل به. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٢٣١.","vol":"2","page":34},{"text":"الجَنابَةِ، فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه مَرَّتَينِ أَو ثَلاثًا، ثم أَدخَلَ كَفَّه اليُمنَى في الإناءِ فأَفرَغَ بها على فرجِه فغَسَلَه بشِمالِه، ثم ضَرَبَ بشِمالِه الأرضَ فدَلَكَها دَلكًا شَديدًا، ثم تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم أَفرَغَ على رأسِه ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ مِلءَ كَفَّيه، ثم غَسَلَ سائرَ جَسَدِه، ثم تَنَحَّى عن مَقامِه ذَلِكَ، فغَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثم أَتَيتُه بالمِنديلِ فرَدَّه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علي بنِ حُجْرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ بَدأ فأَفرَغَ الإناءَ على يَدِه فغَسَلَها ثَلاثًا، ثم يُفرغُ بيَمينِه على شِمالِه ثم على فرجِه، ثم ضَرَبَ بيَدِه على الأرضِ فمَسَحَها ثم غَسَلَها، ثم تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم أَفرَغَ على رأسِه وسائرِ جَسَدِه، ثم تَنَحَّى فغَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤١)، وابن حبان (١١٩٠) من طريق علي بن حجر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣١٧/ ٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٩٨)، والنسائي (٤١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤١) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣١٧/ ...).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"ثنا\".","vol":"2","page":35},{"text":"الأعمَشُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فغَسَلَ فرجَه بيَدِه، ثم دَلَكَ بها الحائطَ ثم غَسَلَها، ثم تَوَضّأ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن غُسلِه غَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ شَوكَرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (^٣)، عن عُروةَ الهَمدانِيِّ، حدثنا الشَّعبِيُّ قالَ: قالَت عائشَةُ: لَئن شِئتُم لأُريَنَّكُم أَثَرَ يَدِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في الحائطِ حَيثُ كان يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-243>بابُ الوُضوءِ قبلَ الغُسلِ</span>\n\n٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ الله] (^٥) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أَبيه، أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَبدأُ فيَغسِلُ يَدَيه، ثم يَتَوَضأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم يُدخِلُ كَفَّيه في الماءِ فيُخَلِّلُ بها أُصولَ شَعَرِه، حَتَّى إذا خُيِّلَ إِلَيه أنَّه قَدِ استَبرأَ البَشَرَةَ غَرَفَ بيَدِه ثلاثَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٤)، والحميدى (٣١٦). وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٤٢٤ (١٠٢٦) عن بشر بن موسى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٠).\n(^٣) في س: \"هشام\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٩٥) من طريق عروة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"العباس\".","vol":"2","page":36},{"text":"غَرَفاتٍ فصَبَّها على رأسِه ثم اغتَسَلَ (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بن عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ يَبدأُ فيَغسِلُ يَدَيه، ثم يُفرغُ بيَمينِه على شِمالِه فيَغسِلُ فرجَه، ثم يَتَوَضّأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم يأخُذُ الماءَ فيُدخِلُ أَصابِعَه في أُصولِ الشَّعَرِ، حَتَّى إذا رأى أنَّه قَدِ استَمر حَفَنَ على رأسِه ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ، ثم أَفاضَ على سائرِ جَسَدِه، ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يحيَى. (^٤)\nوقَولُه في آخِرِ هذا الحديث: ثم غَسَلَ رِجلَيهِ. غَريبٌ صحيحٌ، حَفِظَه أبو مُعاويَةَ دونَ غَيرِه مِن أَصحابِ هِشامٍ الثِّقاتِ. وذَلِكَ لِلتَّنظيفِ (^٥) إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٦). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٥٩) عن محمد بن عبد الوهاب به. والدارمي (٧٧٥) عن جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨)، ومسلم (٣١٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٧)، والخلافيات (٧٧٣). وأخرجه إسحاق في مسنده (٥٦٢) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣١٦/ ٣٥).\n(^٥) في س، د: \"للتنظف\".","vol":"2","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-244>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في تأخيِر غَسلِ القَدَمَينِ عن الوُضوءِ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِنَ الغُسلِ</span>\n\n٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ ومحمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ قالَت: سَتَرتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وهو يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فبَدأ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ثم صبَّ بيَمينِه على شِمالِه فغَسَلَ فرجَه وما أَصابَه، ثم ضرَبَ بيَدِه على الحائطِ، ثم تَوَضأَ وُضوءَه لِلضَلاةِ غَيرَ قَدَمَيه، ثم أَفاضَ عليه الماءَ، ثم نَحَّى قَدَمَيه فغَسَلَهُما (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِيِّ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ (^٣)، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السائب، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ بَدأ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، ثم أَخَذَ بيَمينِه فصَبَّ على شِمالِه فغَسَلَ فرجَه حَتَّى يُنقيَه، ثم مَضمَضَ ثَلاثًا، واستَنشَقَ ثَلاثًا، وغَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، وذِراعَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا، ثم صَبَّ على رأسِه وجَسَدِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٦) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٩).\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"أنا عبد الله بن فورك\".","vol":"2","page":38},{"text":"الماءَ، فإِذا فرَغَ غَسَلَ قَدَمَيهِ (^١).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-245> بابُ تَخليلِ أُصولِ الشَّعَرِ بالماءِ وإيصالِه إلى البَشَرَةِ</span>\n\n٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن هِشامٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ بَدأَ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، ثم تَوَضّأَ كما يَتَوَضأُ لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم يُدخِلُ أَصابِعَه في الماءِ فيُخَلِّلُ بها أُصولَ شَعَرِه، ثم يَصبُّ على رأسِه ثلاثَ غُرَفٍ بيَدَيه، ثم يُفيضُ الماءَ على جِلدِه كُلِّهِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الموَجِّهِ الفَزارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ غَسَلَ يَدَيه، وتَوَضأَ وُضوءَه لِلصلاةِ، [ثم اغتَسلَ] (^٤)، ثم يُخَلِّلُ بيَدِه شَعَرَه، حَتَّى إذا ظَنَّ أنَّه قَد أَروَى بَشَرَتَه أَفاضَ عليه الماءَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم غَسَلَ سائرَ جَسَدِهِ. وقالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٩)، والطيالسى (١٥٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٤٨) من طريق حماد به. والنسائي (٢٤٣)، وابن حبان (١١٩١) من طريق عطاء به. صحيح. ينظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٤٠، ومالك ١/ ٤٤، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٤٧)، وابن حبان (١١٩٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٨).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ب، م.","vol":"2","page":39},{"text":"ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ نَغرِفُ مِنه جَميعًا (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبْدانَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حجَّاج بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّاد يَعنِي ابنَ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يَتَوَضأُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، ثم يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى في الماءِ، ثم يُخَلِّلُ بها شِقَّ رأسِه الأيمَنَ فيَتَّبِعُ بها أُصولَ الشَّعَرِ، ثم يَفعَلُ بشِقِّ رأسِه الأيسَرِ بيَدِه اليُسرَى كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَستَبرِئَ البَشَرَةَ، ثم يَصبُّ على رأسِه ثَلاثًا (^٣).\n\n٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المُقرِئُ سنةَ ثَلاثٍ وأَربَعينَ وثَلاثمائَةٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علي الرَّزاقُ، حدثنا حَجّاج وعَفّانُ وعُبَيدُ اللَّه، واللفظ لِعَفانَ قال: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن زاذانَ، أن عليًا قال: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ مَوضِعَ شَعرَة مِن جَسَدِه مِن جَنابَةٍ لم يُصِبْها الماءُ فُعِلَ به كَذا وكَذا مِنَ النارِ\". قال عَلِيٌّ: فمِن ثَمَّ عادَيت رأسِي (^٤). قال عُبَيدُ اللَّه في حَديثِه: وكانَ يَجُزُّ شَعَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٢، ٤٠٩، ٤١٨) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٠٠)، وأبو يعلى (٤٤٨٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٤) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٩)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١١٢١) من طريق حماد. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٧) وسيأتي (١٠٩٠).","vol":"2","page":40},{"text":"٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ وجيهٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحتَ كُلِّ شَعَرَةٍ جَنابَةٌ، فاغسِلوا الشَّعَرَ وأنقوا البَشَرَ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به مَوصولًا الحارِثُ بنُ وجيهٍ، والحارِثُ بنُ وجيهٍ تكلَّموا فيهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، يَعنِي العبَّاس بنَ الفَضلِ، وَمُحَمَّد بنُ عيسَى الواسِطيُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ فرّوخَ قال: لَقِيتُ (^٣) أبا أيُّوب فصافَحتُه، فوَجَدَ في أَظفارِي طولًا قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فسأله عن خَبَرِ السَّماءِ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَسأَلُ أَحَدُكُم عن خَبَرِ السَّماءِ وهو يَدَعُ أَظفارَه كأظفارِ الطَّيرِ [يُجمَعُ فيها] (^٤) الجَنابَةُ والتَّفَثُ\" (^٥). لَفظُ الأسفاطيِّ، هَكَذا رواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٨)، والترمذي (١٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٧) عن نصر بن علي به. قال أبو داود: الحارث بن وجيه حديثه منكر وهو ضعيف. وقال الترمذي: حديث الحارث بن وجيه حديث غريب، لا نعرفه إلا من حديثه، وهو شيخ ليس بذاك. وسيأتي في (٨٦٥).\n(^٢) الحارث بن وجيه الراسبي، أبو محمد البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٩٢، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٠٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٤٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٦٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٤٥: ضعيف.\n(^٣) ليس في: ب، وفي س: \"أتيت\".\n(^٤) في م: \"يجتمع فيه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٤٠٨٦) عن الحسن بن سهل به، وأحمد (٢٣٥٤٢) من طريق قريش به. وقال =","vol":"2","page":41},{"text":"جَماعَةٌ عن قُرَيشٍ.\n\n٨٤٤ - ورواه أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، كما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ حَيّانَ، عن وائلِ (^١) بنِ سُلَيمٍ قال: أَتَيتُ أبا أَيّوبَ الأزدِيَّ فصافَحتُه، فرأى أَظفارِي طِوالًا، فقالَ: أَتَى رجلٌ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَسأَلُه فقالَ: \"يَسأَلُنِي أَحَدُكُم (^٢) عن خَبَرِ السَماءِ ويَدَعُ أَظفارَه كأظفارِ الطيرِ يُجمَع (^٣) فيها الجَنابَةُ والتَّفَثُ\" (^٤). وَهَذا مُرسَلٌ؛ أبو أيّوبَ الأزدِيُّ غيرُ أبي أيّوبَ الأنصاريِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-246>بابُ سُنَّةِ التَّكرارِ في صَبِّ الماءِ على الرّأسِ</span>\n\n٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاق وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ،\n_________\n= الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ١٦٨: ورجاله رجال الصحيح خلا أبا واصل وهو ثقة.\nوالتفث: الوسخ مطلقًا. وهو في الحج ما يفعله المحرم إذا حل كقص الشارب والأظفار ونتف الإبط وحلق العانة. النهاية ١/ ١٩١.\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. وفي حاشية المطبوعة (١/ ١٧٥): هكذا في الأصول ولعله: واصل بن سليم كما وجد في المسند لأبي داود الطيالسي وفي مصدر التخريج، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة (٧٠٢)، والمطالب العالية (٨٣): \"واصل\". وفي مسند أحمد -كما في الحديث السابق-: \"أبو واصل\". وقال أبو حاتم في العلل ٦/ ١١٥ (٢٣٦٩): ليس هو واصل بن سليم، وإنما هو: أبو واصل سليمان بن فروخ.\n(^٢) في ب، س: \"أحدهم\".\n(^٣) في م: \"يجتمع\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٥٩٧).","vol":"2","page":42},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أَرادَ أن يَغتَسِلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ بَدأ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه قبلَ أن يُدخِلَهُما في الإناءِ، ثم يَغسِلُ فرجَه، ثم يَتَوَضّأُ وُضوءَه لِلصلاةِ، ثم يُشرِبُ شَعَرَه الماءَ، ثم يَحثِي على رأسِه ثلاثَ حَثَياتٍ (^١). وقالَ الشافعيُّ في إِسنادِهِ: عن هِشامٍ. وقالَ في الحديث: فغَسَلَ يَدَه قبلَ أن يُدخِلَها الإناءَ.\n\n٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّماكِ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن (^٢) مُخَوَّلٍ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ جَنابَةٍ أَفرَغَ على رأسِهِ ثَلاثًا. فَقالَ رجلٌ: إنَّ شَعَرِي كَثيرٌ. فقالَ جابِرٌ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَكثَرَ مِنكَ شَعَرًا وأَطيَبَ (^٣). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شعبةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٢)، والشافعى ١/ ٤١، والحميدى (١٦٣). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٠٤)، والنسائي (٢٤٩) مقتصرًا على ذكر الشاهد من طريق ابن عيينة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٧٥) عن سعيد به. والنسائي (٤٢٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٥).","vol":"2","page":43},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَغرِفُ على رأسِه ثَلاثًا وهو جُنُبٌ (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ جَعفَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه، حدثنا (^٣) محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِن جَنابَةٍ صَبَّ على رأسِه ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ مِن ماءٍ. فقالَ الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ: إنَّ شَعَرِي كَثيرٌ. قال جابِرٌ: فقُلتُ له: يا ابنَ أَخِي كان شَعَرُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أَكثَرَ مِن شَعَرِكَ وأَطيَبَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ (^٦) أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ سنةَ سِتٍّ وتِسعينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٤١. وأخرجه الحميدي (١٢٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٢٩/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٥٢) عن عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٢٩/ ٥٧).\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"محمد بن\".","vol":"2","page":44},{"text":"سليمانَ بنِ صُرَدٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: تَمارَوا في الغُسلِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: أَمّا أَنا فأَغسِلُ رأسِي كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَمّا أَنا فإِنِّي أُفيضُ على رأسي ثلاثَ أَكُفٍّ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَني سليمانُ بنُ صُرَدٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: ذَكَرْنا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الغُسلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أَمّا أَنا فأفيضُ على رأسِي ثلاثَ مَرّات هَكَذا\". ووَصَفَ زُهَيرٌ قال: فجَعَلَ باطِنَ كَفَّيه مِمّا يَلِي السَّماءَ وظاهِرَهُما مَمَّا يَلِي الأرضَ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-247>بابُ إِفاضَةِ الماءِ على سائرِ جَسَدِهِ</span>\n\n٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٥٧٥) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وأحمد (١٦٧٤٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (٨٥٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٢٧/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٤).","vol":"2","page":45},{"text":"قالَت: وضَعتُ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - غُسلًا مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فأَفرَغَ على يَمينِه فغَسَلَها، ثم أَفرَغَ بيَمينِه على يَسارِه فغَسَلَها، ثم أَفرَغَ بيَمينِه على يَسارِه فغَسَلَ فرجَه، ثم ضَرَبَ بيَدِه على الأرضِ، ثم تَوَضأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم أَفرَغَ على رأسِه بيَدِه ثَلاثًا، ثم سائرِ جَسَدِه، ثم تَنَحَّى عن مُغتَسَلِه فغَسَلَ رِجلَيه، فناوَلتُه مِنديلًا فلَم يأخُذْه، وجَعَلَ يَنفُضُ بيَدِهِ. قال حَفصٌ: قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإبراهيمَ فقالَ: إنَّما كَرِهوا ذَلِكَ مَخافَةَ العادَةِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أَبيهِ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-248>بابُ نَضحِ الماءِ في العَينَينِ وإِدخالِ الإصبَعِ في السُّرَّةِ</span>\n\n٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ، قال (^٤): كان إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ نَضَحَ الماءَ في عَينَيه وأَدخَلَ إصبَعَيْه (^٥) في سُرَّتِهِ (^٦). مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٥) من طريق الأعمش به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٣٦)، وما سيأتي (٨٩٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥٩).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٢٧، ٨٢٨، ٨٣٤، ٨٣٥، ٨٣٨، ٨٣٩، ٨٤٠، ٨٤٥).\n(^٤) القائل نافع، يحكى فعل ابن عمر.\n(^٥) في م: \"إصبعه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٩١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧٥) من طريق نافع به. وعند عبد الرزاق بذكر تخليل اللحية بدلًا من ذكر السرة.","vol":"2","page":46},{"text":"٨٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ نَضحَ في عَينَيه الماءَ (^١). قال مالكٌ: لَيسَ عليه العَمَلُ. قال الشافعيُّ: لَيسَ عليه أن يَنضَحَ في عَينَيه؛ لأنَّهُما ليسَتا ظاهِرَتَينِ مِن بَدنِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِي مَرفوعًا ولا يَصحُّ سَنَدُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-249>بابُ تأكيدِ المَضمَضَةِ والاستنشاق في الغُسلِ، وغَسلِ مَواضِعِ الوُضوءِ مِنه على التَّرتيبِ</span>\n\n٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ ومحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ قال: أخبرَنا ابنُ عباسٍ، عن خالَتِه مَيمونَةَ قالَت: وضَعتُ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - غُسلًا فاغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فأَكفأ الإناءَ بشِمالِه على يَمينِه فغَسَلَ كَفَّيه ثَلاثًا، ثم أَفاضَ على فرجِه فغَسَلَه، ثم قال بيَدِه على الحائطِ أَو على الأرضِ فدَلَكَها، ثم مَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ، وغَسَلَ وجهَه وذِراعَيه، وأَفاضَ على رأسِه، ثم أَفاضَ على سائرِ جَسَدِه، ثم تنَحَّى فغَسَلَ رِجلَيه، فأَتَيتُه بثَوبٍ فقالَ بيَدِه هَكَذا. يَعنِي رَدَّه (^٣). رواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٧، ومالك ١/ ٤٥.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٤١.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٧١٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٩٩)، والترمذي (١٠٣)، بدون ذكر الثوب، وابن ماجه (٤٦٧، ٥٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤١) من طريق وكيع به مختصرًا ومطولًا.","vol":"2","page":47},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أَوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ، واحتَجَّ به فيمَن تَوَضّأَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، ثم غَسَلَ سائرَ جَسَدِه ولَم يُعِدْ غَسلَ مَواضِعِ الوُضوءِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-250>بابُ الدَّليلِ على دُخولِ الوُضوءِ في الغُسلِ وسُقوطِ فرضِ المَضمَضَةِ والاستِنشاقِ</span>\n\n٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (^٢)، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ سليمانَ بنَ صرَدٍ، سَمِعتُ جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ يقولُ: ذُكِرَ غُسلُ الجَنابَةِ عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أَمّا أَنا فأُفيضُ على رأسِي ثَلاثًا\" (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"كتاب مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن أُناسًا قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألوه عن غُسلِ الجَنابَةِ وقالوا: إنّا بأَرضٍ بارِدَةٍ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما يَكفِي أَحَدَكُم أن يَحفِنَ على رأسِه ثلاثَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٥، ٢٦٦، ٢٧٤)، ومسلم (٣١٧/ ...).\n(^٢) في س: \"شعيب\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٩٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٨٦)، والنسائيُّ (٤٢٣) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (٨٤٩، ٨٥٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٢٧/ ٥٥).","vol":"2","page":48},{"text":"حفناتٍ\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"صحيح مسلم\" مِن حَديثِ جَعفرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن أَهلَ الطّائفِ قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ أَرضَنا أَرضٌ بارِدَةٌ فما يُجزِئُنا مِن غُسلِ الجَنابَةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَما أنا فأُفرِغُ على رأسِي ثَلاثًا\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغيرِه عن هُشَيمٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٨ - أخبرنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ مَرَّةٌ بعدَ مَرَّةٍ، عن أَيُّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي امرأةٌ وأشُدُّ ضَفرَ رأسِي، أَفأنقُضُه لِغُسلِ الجَنابَةِ؟ قال: \"لا، إنما يَكفيكِ أن تَحثِي عليه ثلاثَ حَثَياتٍ، ثم تُفيضِي عَلَيكِ الماءَ فتَطهُرِي\". أَو قال: \"فإِذا أَنتِ قَد طَهَرتِ\" (^٥). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَة وجَماعَةٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٧٧) عن حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٢٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٥٩) عن هشيم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٢٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٧٧)، وأبو داود (٢٥١)، والترمذي (١٠٥)، والنسائي (٢٤١) وابن ماجه (٦٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٦) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٨٧٢).","vol":"2","page":49},{"text":"سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، أنه كان يقولُ. وأَيُّ وُضوءٍ أَتَمُّ مِنَ الغُسلِ إذا اجتُنِبَ (^٢) الفَرج (^٣)؟!\n\n٨٦٠ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سألوا سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الرَّجُلِ يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، أَيَكفيه ذَلِكَ مِنَ الوُضوءِ؟ قال: نَعَم، وليَغسِلْ قَدَمَيهِ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ أنَّه قال في الذي نَسِيَ المَضمَضَةَ والاستِنشاقَ في الجَنابَةِ، قال: لا يُعيدُ الصَّلاةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-251>بابُ فرضِ الغُسلِ</span>\nوفيه دِلالَة على ما مَضَى في البابِ قَبلَه، وعَلَى سُقوطِ فرضِ التَّكرارِ في الغُسلِ.\n\n٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٣٠/ ٥٨).\n(^٢) في ب: \"اجتنبت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٨)، وسحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٣٥ من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٤) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٧٢، ٢٠٧٦)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ١٦٩، والأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ٣٧٩.","vol":"2","page":50},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفُ بنُ أبي جَميلَةَ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: كنّا في سَفَرٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ. قال: ونادَى بالصلاةِ فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فلَمّا انفَتَلَ مِنَ الصلاةِ إذا رجلٌ مُعتَزِلٌ لم يُصَلِّ مَعَ القَومِ، قال: \"ما مَنَعَكَ يا فُلانُ أن تُصَلِّيَ مَعَ القَومِ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَصابَتنِي الجَنابَةُ ولا ماءَ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكَ بالصَّعيدِ فإِنَّه يَكفيكَ\". ووذكر الحديثَ. قال: وكانَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ أن أَعطَى الذي أَصابَته الجَنابَةُ إِناءً مِن ماءٍ فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فأَفرِغْه عَلَيكَ\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفِ بنِ أبي جَميلَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أَيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى عامِرٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ. فذكَر الحديثَ في الجَنابَةِ تُصيبُه ولا ماءَ، قال: وقال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، الصعيدُ الطيب كافيكَ وِإن لم تَجِدِ الماءَ عَشرَ سِنينَ، فإِذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأَمِسَّه جِلدَكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٦٣ - قال يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ: وأَخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٩٨)، والنسائي (٣٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣، ٢٧١، ٩٨٧، ٩٩٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٠١، ١٣٠٢) من طريق عوف به، وليس عند النسائي ذكر الغسل. وسيأتي في (١٠٥٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٤، ٣٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٨٢/ ...).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٤٨٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٢).","vol":"2","page":51},{"text":"عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ (^١) قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ذرٍّ (^٢). يَعنِي بذلِك.\n\n٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أَيُّوبُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عِصمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: كانَتِ الصَلاةُ خَمسينَ والغُسلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ سَبعَ مِرارٍ، وغَسلُ الثَّوبِ مِنَ البَولِ سَبعَ مِرارٍ، فلَم يَزَلْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسأَلُ حَتَّى جَعَلَ الصَلاةَ خَمسًا، وغُسلَ الجَنابَةِ مَرةًّ، وغَسلَ الثَوبِ مِنَ البَولِ مَرَّةً (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ فيما حُكِيَ عنه: فأَمَّا رُوِي عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"تَحتَ كُلِّ شَعَرَةٍ جَنابَةٌ، فبُلّوا الشّعَرَ وأَنقوا البَشَرَةَ\". فإِنَّه لَيسَ بثابِتٍ (^٤). يَعنِي ما:\n\n٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ الله بنُ عَدِيٍّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ حُبابٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ وجيهٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"تَحتَ كُلِّ شَعرَةٍ جَنابَةٌ، فبُلُّوا الشَّعَرَ وأَنقوا البَشَرَةَ\" (^٥). تَفَرَّدَ به هَكَذا الحارِثُ بنُ وجيهٍ.\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"نجدان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٤٩.\n(^٢) مسند الطيالسي عقب (٤٨٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣١٢) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وسيأتي في (١٠٣٤، ١٠٥٥، ١٠٦٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٨٨٤) من طريق أيوب بن جابر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٥). وسيأتي في (١١٧٣).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الخلافيات عقب (٧٩٤)، والمعرفة عقب (٢٧٥) عن الشافعي.\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٦١٢. وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٧٨٩) من طريق الفضل بن الحباب =","vol":"2","page":52},{"text":"وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ عن الحارِثِ بنِ وجيهٍ فقالَ: لَيسَ حَديثُه بشَئٍ (^١). وأَنكَرَه غَيرُه أَيضًا مِن أَهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ؛ البخاريُّ وأبو داودَ السِّجِستانيُّ وغَيرُهُما (^٢)، وإِنَّما يُروَى عن الحسنِ عن النبي - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وعَنِ الحسنِ عن أبي هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٤)، وعَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ: كان يُقالُ (^٥).\nثم قَد حَمَلَه الشافعيُّ في رِوايَةِ الزَّعفَرانِيِّ وغَيرِه عنه على ما ظَهَرَ، وداخِلُ الأنفِ والفَمِ مِمّا بَطنَ، فأَشبَهَ داخِلَ العَينَينِ وداخِلَ الأُذُنَينِ.\nفقالَ مَن تَكَلَّمَ فيها مَعَ الشَّافعيِّ: القياسُ ألا يُعيدَ، ولَكِنّا أَخَذنا بالأثَرِ عن ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٦). يَعنِي ما:\n\n٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أَسباطُ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ عَجرَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا\n_________\n= به. وتقدم تخريجه من طريق آخر عن الحارث في (٨٤٢).\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين رواية الدورى (٣٢٦٧). وتقدم الحارث عقب (٨٤٢).\n(^٢) الضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ٣٢، والتاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨٤، وأبو داود عقب (٢٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٢)، وأبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٩٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧٤)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٤٣٢ - مسند علي).\n(^٥) في د: \"يعلل\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧٠).\n(^٦) هذا تتمة الكلام في الصفحة السابقة.","vol":"2","page":53},{"text":"يُعيدُ إِلا أن يَكونَ جُنُبًا. يَعنِي المَضمَضَةَ والاستِنشاقَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الثَّورِيُّ عن عثمانَ (^٢). قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ: لَيسَ لِعائشَةَ بنتِ عَجرَدٍ إِلا هذا الحَديثُ (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ (^٤): أَثَرُه الذي يَعتَمِدُ عليه: عثمانُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن عائشةَ بنتِ عَجرَدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وزَعَمَ أن هذا الأثَرَ ثابِتٌ يُترَكُ له القياسُ، وهو يَعيبُ عَلَينا أن نأخُذَ بحَديثِ بُسرَةَ بنتِ صَفوانَ عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٥). وعُثمانُ وعائشَةُ غَيرُ مَعروفَينِ ببَلَدِهِما (^٦)، وكَيفَ يَجوزُ لأحَدٍ يَعلَمُ أن يُثَبِّتَ ضَعيفًا مَجهولًا ويُوَهِّنَ قَويًا مَعروفًا؟!\nقال الشيخ: ورواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ عن عائشةَ بنتِ عَجرَدٍ (^٧). والحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ [لَيسَ بحجَّةٍ] (^٨).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-252>بابُ تَركِ الوُضوءِ بعدَ الغُسلِ</span>\n\n٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٩) عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١١٥، ومسند أبي حنيفة لأبى نعيم ص ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١١٥ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١١٥ وتتمة كلامه: عائشة بنت عجرد لا تقوم بها حجة.\n(^٤) تتمة كلام الشافعي السابق الإشارة له.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٢٠) وما بعدها.\n(^٦) عثمان هو ابن راشد السلمي من أهل الكوفة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٢١، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٤٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ١٩٦، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ١٤٠، ١٤١. وينظر الكلام أيضًا على عائشة بنت عجرد في: أسد الغابة ٧/ ١٩٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٦٤، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٧٠)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٦١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١١٥ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٨) في حاشية الأصل: \"ليس بحجاج في ح، وكذا كان في ص ثم أصلح بحجة فالله أعلم\".\n(^٩) في س، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"2","page":54},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ ثم يُصلِّي الرَّكعَتَينِ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، ولا أَراه يُحدِثُ وُضوءًا بعدَ الغُسلِ (^١).\n\n٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَريك، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يَتَوَضأُ بعدَ الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٢).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-253> بابُ غُسلِ المَرأَةِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ والحَيضِ</span>\n\n٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ (^٤) البَختَرِيِّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ -وهو ابنُ مُهاجِرٍ- عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن أَسماءَ يَعنِي بنتَ شَكَلٍ سألَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن الغُسلِ مِنَ المَحيضِ فقالَ: \"تأخُذُ إِحداكُنَّ ماءَها وسِدرَتَها فتَطَهَّرُ فتُحسِنُ الطُّهورَ، ثم تَصُبّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٧٨)، وأبو داود (٢٥٠)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٣ من طريق زهير به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٨٩)، والترمذي (١٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٢، ٤٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٥٧٩) من طريق شريك به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مطرز\".\n(^٤) سقط من: س، م.","vol":"2","page":55},{"text":"على رأسِها الماءَ وتَدلُكُه دَلكًا شَديدًا حَتى تَبلُغَ شُئونَ رأسِها (^١)، ثم تَصُبُّ عَلَيها الماءَ، ثم تأخُذُ فِرصَةً (^٢) مُمَسَّكَةً تَطَهَّرُ بها\". قالَت: كَيفَ أَتَطَهَّرُ بها؟ قال: \"سُبحانَ اللَّه! تَطَهَّرِي بها\". واستَتَرَ. قالَت عائشَةُ: تتَبَّعِي بها أَثَرَ الدَّمِ. وسألَته عن الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فقالَ: \"تأخُذينَ ماءَكِ فتَطَهَّرينَ أَحسَنَ الطُّهورِ وأَبلَغَه، ثم تَصُبّينَ على رأسِكِ الماءَ، ثم تَدلُكينه (^٣) حَتَّى يبلُغَ شُئونَ رأسِكِ، ثم تُفيضينَ عَلَيكِ (^٤) الماءَ (^٥) \". قال: وقالَت عائشَةُ: نِعمَ النَساءُ نِساءُ الأنصارِ لم يَكُنْ يَمنَعُهُنَّ الحَياءُ أن يَسأَلنَ عن الدِّينِ ويَتَفَقَّهنَ فيهِ (^٦). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٧).\nكَذا في كِتابِنا: \"شُئون\". وأَهلُ اللُّغَةِ يَقولونَ: سُور. أَو: شَوَى. وقالوا: سُورُه (^٨) أَعلاه، وشَواه جِلدُه.\n\n٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، عن صَدَقَةَ، حدثنا جُمَيعُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ -أَخو\n_________\n(^١) شئون الرأس: أصول الشعر وطرائق الرأس. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٢) الفِرصة: القطعة من القطن أو الصوف، تفرص، أى: تقطع. معالم السنن ١/ ٩٦.\n(^٣) في ب، د: \"تدلكيه\".\n(^٤) في ب: \"عليه\".\n(^٥) بعده في ب: \"قال\"، وبعده في د: \"قالت\".\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٧) مسلم (٣٣٢/ عقب ٦١).\n(^٨) في س، ب: \"شوره\". وينظر غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٦٣٧، والنهاية ٢/ ٤٢١.","vol":"2","page":56},{"text":"بني تَيمِ اللَّهِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ -قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أُمِّي وخالَتِي على عائشةَ فسألَتها إِحداهُما: كَيفَ كُنتُم تَصنَعونَ عِندَ الغُسلِ؟ فقالَت عائشَةُ: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ثم يُفيضُ على رأسِه ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، ونَحنُ نُفيضُ على رُءوسِنا خَمسًا مِن أَجلِ الضَّفْرِ (^١).\n\n٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمَّامٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ أنَّه قال: خَلِّلْها بالماءِ لا تَخَلَّلْها نارٌ قَليلٌ بُقْياها (^٢).\nورواه الثَّورِيُّ عن مَنصورٍ بإِسنادِه عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ، أنَّه قال لامرأتِه: خَلِّلِي رأسَكِ بالماءِ لا تخَلِّلْه نارٌ قَليلٌ بُقْياها عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-254>بابُ تَركِ المَرأَةِ نَقضَ قُرونِها إذا عَلِمَت وُصولَ الماءِ إلى أُصولِ شَعَرِها</span>\n\n٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السكريُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رافِعٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٥٢)، وأبو داود (٢٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى- كما في تحفة الأشراف ١١/ ٣٨٩ - من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وابن ماجه (٥٧٤) من طريق صدقة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٤٣٧ - مسند علي) من طريق شعبة به، وفيه أنه قاله لامرأته.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١١٩٧، ١١٩٨)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٤٣٤ - مسند علي) من طريق منصور به. وفي النسختين الأصل، ر: \"حذيفة\"، وليس عندهما \"بن اليمان\".","vol":"2","page":57},{"text":"رسولَ الله، إنِّي امرأةٌ أَشُدُّ ضَفْرَ رأسِي (^١) -أَو قالَت: عَقْصَ (^٢) رأسِي- أَفأنقُضُه لِلجَنابَةِ والحَيضَةِ؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما يَكفيكِ أن تُفرِغِي عَلَيكِ ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ ثم قَد طَهَرتِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٤).\n\n٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - وأَنا عندَه فقالَت: إِنِّي امرأةٌ أَشُدُّ ضَفْرَ رأسِي، فكَيفَ أَصنَعُ حينَ أَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ؟ قال: \"احفِنِي على رأسِكِ ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ، ثم اغمِزِي (^٥) أَثَرَ كُلِّ حَفنَةٍ\" (^٦).\nقَصَرَ بإِسنادِه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، في رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ عنه، أن سَعيدًا سَمِعَه\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى: هو بفتح الضاد وإسكان الفاء ... وقال الإمام ابن برى في الجزء الذي صنفه في لحن الفقهاء: من ذلك قولهم في حديث أم سلمة: أشد ضفر رأسي. يقولونه بفتح الضاد وإسكان الفاء، وصوابُه ضمُّ الضادِ والفاء جمع ضفيرة كسفينة وسفن. قال النووى: وهذا الذي أنكره رحمه الله تعالى ليس كما زعمه، بل الصواب جواز الأمرين، ولكل منهما معنى صحيح، ولكن يترجح ما قدمناه لكونه المسموع في الروايات الثابتة المتصلة، والله أعلم. شرح النووى ٤/ ١١.\n(^٢) العَقْص شبيه بالضفر إلا أنه أكثر منه، وهو أن يلوى الشعر على الرأس. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٨٧، وتهذيب اللغة ١/ ٤١، والقاموس المحيط (ع ق ص).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٧٧) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وتقدم في (٨٥٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٣٠/ ...).\n(^٥) اغمزى: اكبسى ضفائر شعرك عند الغسل، والغمز: العصر والكبس باليد. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٥، واللسان ٥/ ٣٨٨ (غ م ز).\n(^٦) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (١٨٥٢)، وأبو داود (٢٥٢) من طريق أسامة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٧).","vol":"2","page":58},{"text":"من أُمِّ سلمة، وذلك فيما:\n\n٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، أن سَعيدَ بنَ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيَّ حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي امرأةٌ أَشُدُّ ضَفْرَ رأسِي، فكَيفَ أَصنَعُ إذا اغتَسَلتُ؟ قال: \"احفِنِي عليه (^١) ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ ثم اغمِزيه على إِثرِ كُلِّ حَفنَةٍ يَكفيكِ (^٢) \".\nورِوايَةُ أيُّوب بنِ موسَى أَصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، وقَد حَفِظَ في إِسنادِه ما لم يَحفَظْ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ.\n\n٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: وحدثنا [عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ] (^٣) الكَعبِيُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَة، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أَيّوبَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: بَلَغَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"على رأسك\".\n(^٢) في د: \"بكفك\".\nوالحديث أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٣٤ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) في م: \"محمد بن عبد الله\".","vol":"2","page":59},{"text":"عائشةَ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرٍو (^١) يأمُرُ النِّساءَ إذا اغتَسَلْنَ أن يَنقُضنَ رُءوسَهُنَّ، فقالَت: يا عَجَبًا لابنِ عمرٍو هذا! أَفَلا يأمُرُهُنَّ أن يَحلِقنَ رُءوسَهُنَّ؟! لَقَد كُنتُ أَنا ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - نَغتَسِلُ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ، فلا أَزيدُ على أن أُفرغَ على رأسِي ثلاثَ إِفراغاتٍ (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ داودَ، عن عمرَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنّا نَغتَسِلُ وعَلَينا الضِّمَادُ (^٤) ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُحِلَّاتٍ ومُحرِماتٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن بَكارِ بنِ يَحيَى، عن جَدَّتِه قالَت: دَخَلتُ على أُمِّ سلمةَ. فذكَر\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عمر\".\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٧٩٨)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٦٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٧) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣١/ ٥٩).\n(^٤) الضماد: خرقة تلف على الرأس من قبل الصداع. الفائق ٢/ ٣٤٧. وينظر اللسان ٣/ ٢٦٤ (ض م د).\nوالمراد بالضماد في هذا الحديث: ما يلطخ به الشعر مما يلبده ويسكنه من طيب وغيره. عون المعبود ١/ ١٠٥.\n(^٥) يجوز في \"محلات ومحرمات\"، النصب على الحال، والرفع على الخبرية. ينظر شرح أبي داود للعيني ٢/ ١١، وعرن المعبود ١/ ١٠٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٤) عن نصر بن علي به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٠٢، ٢٥٠٦٢) من طريق عمر بن سويد به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٩).","vol":"2","page":60},{"text":"الحديثَ. قالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: وأَمّا المُمتَشِطَةُ فكانَت إِحدانا تكونُ مُمتَشِطَةً، فإِذا اغتَسَلَت لم تَنقُضْ ذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَّها تَحفِنُ على رأسِها ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ، فإِذا رأتِ البَلَلَ على أُصولِ الشَّعَرِ دَلَكَته، ثم أَفاضَت على شائرِ جَسَدِها (^١).\n\n٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بن الفَضلِ بنِ مُحمدٍ البيهقي، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أَهلَلتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بعُمرَةٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ في حَيضها، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هذا يَومُ عَرَفَةَ ولَم أَطهُرْ بَعدُ، وإِنَّما كُنتُ تَمَتَّعتُ بالعُمرَةِ. فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"انقُضِي رأسَكِ وامتَشِطِي، وأَهِلِّي بالحَجِّ وأَمسِكِي عن عُمرَتِكِ\". قالَت: ففَعَلتُ. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٣).\nوهِيَ إِنِ اغتَسَلَت لِلإهلالِ بالحَجِّ، وكانَ غُسلُها غُسلًا مَسنونًا، وقَد أُمِرَت فيه بنَقْضِ رأسِها وامتِشاطِ شَعَرِها، وكأنَّها أُمِرَت بذَلِكَ استِحبابًا، كما أُمِرَت أَسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيس بالغُسلِ لِلإهلالِ على النِّفاسِ استِحبابًا (^٤).\n\n٨٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ صُبَيحٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وضعفه الألباني قى ضعيف أبي داود (٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٣١٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٥٦، ٤٣٩٥)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١١ - ١١٣)، وسيأتي في (٨٨١٦، ٨٨٤٦، ٩٤٨٩، ٩٤٩٠).\n(^٤) سيأتي حديثها في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٠١٢ - ٩٠١٤).","vol":"2","page":61},{"text":"عن أَنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا اغتَسَلَتِ المَرأَةُ مِن حَيضِها نَقَضَت شَعَرَها وغَسَلَت بالخِطمِيِّ والأُشنانِ (^١)، وإِذا اغتَسَلَت مِنَ الجَنابَةِ لم تَنقُضْ رأسَها ولَم تَغسِلْه بالخِطمِيِّ والأُشنانِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-255>بابُ غَسلِ الجُنُبِ رأسَه بالخِطْمِيِّ</span>\n\n٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا شَريك، عن قَيسِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن سُواءَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنه كان يَغسِلُ رأسَه بالخِطْمِي وهو جُنُبٌ، يَجتَزِئُ بذَلِكَ ولا يَصُبُّ عليه الماءَ (^٣). وهَذا إِن ثَبَتَ فمَحمولٌ على ما لَو كان الماءُ غالِبًا على الخِطْمِيِّ، وكانَ غَسَل رأسَه بنِيَّةِ الطَّهارَةِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ.\n\n٨٨١ - وكَذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافعيُّ: قال سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ الأزمَعِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: إذا غَسَلَ الجُنُبُ رأسَه بالخِطْمِيِّ فلا يُعِدْ له غَسلًا (^٤). وبِمَعناه رواه الثورِيُّ وشُعبَةُ عن أبي إِسحاقَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الخطمى: ضرب من النبات يغسل به الرأس. اللسان ١٢/ ١٨٦ (خ ط م).\nوالأشنان: شجر ينبت في الأرض الرملية يغسل به الأيدى والثياب. اللسان ١٣/ ١٨ (أش ن)، والوسيط ١/ ١٩، ٢٠ (أش ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٥٥) من طريق حماد به. قال الذهبي ١/ ١٨٧: ابن يونس ليس بثقة.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٥٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨١)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٦٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٩) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٨) عن الثورى به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٨، والبغوى في الجعديات (٤٣٣) من طريق شعبة به. ووقع عند البغوى: عن الحارث بن الأزمع عن رجل من=","vol":"2","page":62},{"text":"٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^١) اللَّهِ، عن شَيبانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن [ساريَةَ بنِ] (^٢) عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: مَن غَسَلَ رأسَه بخِطْمِيٍّ وهو جُنُبٌ فقَد أَجزأ، وليَغسِلْ سائرَ جسَدِهِ (^٣).\nوخالَفَه أبو عَوانَةَ فرواه عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ قُطبَةَ الثَّقَفِي، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤)، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ شَيبانَ. كَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥). قالَ يَعقوبُ: قالَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِي: الحديثُ حَديثُ سُفيانَ (^٦).\nورُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال: كانوا يَغسِلونَ رُءوسَهُم بالسِّدرِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، ثم يَمكُثُ أَحَدُهُم ساعَةً ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-256>بابُ الطِّيبِ لِلمَرأَةِ عِندَ غُسلِها مِنَ الحَيضِ</span>\n\n٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ\n_________\n= همدان عن ابن مسعود.\n(^١) في د: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) في م: \"كريب عن\".\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٨، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٢٩ من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٨٢)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٧، ٢٠٨ من طريق الثوري به.\nوليس عند ابن أبي شيبة: سارية.\n(^٦) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠١٠).","vol":"2","page":63},{"text":"ابنُ الأعرابِي. وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بنَيسابورَ، وأبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أم، عن عائشةَ، أن امرأةً سألَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن غُسلِها مِنَ الحَيضِ (^١)، فأَمَرَها كَيفَ تَغتَسِلُ وقالَ: \"خُذِي فرصَةً مِن مِسكٍ فتطهَّري بها\". قالَت: كَيفَ أَتَطَهَّرُ بها؟ قال: \"تَطَهَّرِي بها\". قالَت: كَيفَ أَتَطَهَّرُ بها؟ قالَت: فاستَتَرَ مِنِّي هَكَذا -وحَكَى أبو عثمانَ يَعنِي سَعدانَ بأَصابِعِه الأربَعِ- قال: وحَكَى سفيان، فقالَ: \" سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! تَطَهَّرِي بها\". قالَت عائشَةُ: فاجتَذَبتُها إِلَيَّ فقُلتُ: تتَبَّعينَ بها أَثَرَ الدَّمِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ والرُّوذبارِيُّ، ولَم يَذكُرْ غَيرُهما حِكايَةَ أبي عثمانَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ، ورواه مسلم عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وابنِ أبي عمرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسَّانَ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينِ، عن أُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"المحيض\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٤)، والمعرفة (٢٨٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٥١)، وأبو يعلى (٤٧٣٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١٤)، ومسلم (٣٣٢/ ٦٠).","vol":"2","page":64},{"text":"عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ قالَت: قال لي رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا تُحِدُّ المَرأَةُ [على مَيِّتٍ] (^١) فوقَ ثَلاثَةٍ إِلا على زَوجِها، فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ أَربَعَةَ أَشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبا مَصبوغًا إِلا (^٢) ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ (^٣)، ولا تَكتَحِلُ ولا تَختَضِبُ، ولا تَمَسُّ طيبًا إلى أَدنَى طُهرِها إذا تَطَهَّرَت مِن حَيضَتِها نُبذَةً مِن قُسْطٍ أَو أظْفارٍ (^٤) \" (^٥). مُخَرَّج في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^٦).\n\n٨٨٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشيرازِيُّ (^٧) قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّاد، حدثنا أَيّوبُ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أم عَطيَّةَ قالَت: كُنّا نُنهَى أن نُحِدَّ على مَيِّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ إِلا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، د.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ر، س، ب، د، ورواية النسائي: \"ولا\". وسيأتي تعليق المصنف على هذه الرواية في (١٥٦٢٢).\n(^٣) العصب: برود اليمن يعصب غزلها ويصبغ ثم ينسج. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٣٠٤، والمصباح المنير (ع ص ب).\n(^٤) النبذة: القطعة والشئ اليسير. وأما القسط -ويقال: كُسْت- فهو والأظفار: نوعان معروفان من البخور. ينظر في ذلك غريب الحديث للحربى ٣/ ١١٢٩، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١١٨، ١١٩، واللسان ٢/ ٧٨ (ك س ت). وينظر ص ١٣٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٢٨)، وفيه: \"يحيى بن أبي كثير\"، بدلًا من: \"يحيى بن أبي بكير\"، والمعرفة (٤٦٧٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٠٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٩٤، ٢٧٣٠٤)، والنسائي (٣٥٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٧)، وابن حبان (٤٣٠٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٣٤٢، ٥٣٤٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٨/ ٦٦)، وسيأتي الحديث في (١٥٦١٧ - ١٥٦٢٤).\n(^٧) محمد بن علي بن محمد أبو نصر الشيرازى الفقيه التاجر، قال عبد الغافر: الفاضل الثقة الأمين، من المختصين بالأئمة الصعلوكية، وكان من أصحاب أبي الوليد حسان بن محمد القرشى. توفى=","vol":"2","page":65},{"text":"على زَوجٍ أَربَعَةَ أَشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا نَكتَحِلَ ولا نَتَطَيَّبَ ولا نَلبَسَ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا إِلا ثَوبَ عَصبٍ، وقَد رُخِّصَ في طُهرِها إذا اغتَسَلَت إِحدانا مِن مَحيضِها في نُبذَةٍ مِن قُسْطٍ وأَظفارٍ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَجَبِي، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيع الزهرانيُّ كِلاهُما عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-257>بابُ سُقوطِ فرضِ التَّرتيبِ في الغُسلِ</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. وقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - للجُنُبِ في حديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ: \"اذهَبْ فأَفرِغْه عَلَيكَ\" (^٣). وقالَ في حَديثِ أبي ذَرٍّ: \"فإذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأَمسِسه جِلدَكَ\" (^٤). ولَم يأمُرْ بالتَّرتيبِ.\n\n٨٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ. فذكَر الحديثَ في بَدْوِه (^٥) وجَنابَتِه إلى أن قالَ عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"الصَّعيدُ الطَّيِّبُ وُضوءُ المُسلِمِ ولَو (^٦) عَشرَ حِجَجٍ، فإذا وجَدَ الماءَ فليُمِسَّ\n_________\n= سنة (٤٠٩ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٥)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ١٩٥، ٢٣٠.\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٧٦، وأبو عوانة (٤٦٧٣)، والطبرانى ٢٥/ ٦٠ (١٣٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٤١)، ومسلم (٩٣٨/ ٦٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٦١).\n(^٤) تقدم نخريجه في (٢٢، ٨٦٢).\n(^٥) البَدْو: الخروج من الحضر إلى المراعى في الصحارى. اللسان ١٤/ ٦٥ (ب د و).\n(^٦) بعده في س، م: \"إلى\".","vol":"2","page":66},{"text":"بَشَرَه الماءَ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ هو خَيرٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-258>بابُ استِحبابِ البِدايَةِ فيه بالشِّقِّ الأيمَنِ</span>\n\n٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٢) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلاني، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا اغتَسَلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ دَعا بشَئٍ نَحوِ الحِلابِ، فأَخَذَه بكَفِّه فبَدأ بشِق رأسِه الأيمَنِ ثم الأيسَرِ، ثم أَخَذَ بكَفَّيه الماءَ فقالَ بهِما على رأسِه (^٣). رواه البخارىّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٤).\nوالحِلابُ إناءٌ، وهو ما يُحلَبُ فيه، يُسَمَّى حِلابًا. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ عن الشيخِ أبي بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيِّ.\n\n٨٨٨ - ومِمّا يُؤَكِّدُ ذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في \"زيادات الفوائد\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ في حِلابٍ قَدرَ هَذا -وأَرانا أبو عاصِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٦). وتقدم تخريجه من طريق يزيد بن زريع في (٨٦٣).\n(^٢) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٠)، والنسائي (٤٢٢) عن محمد بن المثنى به، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٥) من طريق أبي عاصم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٨)، ومسلم (٣١٨).","vol":"2","page":67},{"text":"قَدرَ الحِلابِ بيَدِه، فإِذا هو كَقَدرِ كُوزٍ يَسَعُ ثَمانيَةَ أَرطالٍ- ثم يَصبُّ على شِقِّ رأسِه الأيمَنِ، ثم يَصُبُّ على شَقِّ رأسِه الأيسَرِ، ثم يأخُذُ كَفَّيه (^١) فيَصُبُّ وسَطَ رأسِه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-259>بابُ تَفريقِ الغُسلِ</span>\n\n٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ المَعروفُ بأَبِي الشيخِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ (^٣) بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثني [محمدُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ قُنفُذٍ السَّهْمِيُّ] (^٤)، عن جابرِ بنِ سِيلانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رجلًا سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن الرَّجُلِ يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فيُخطِئُ بَعضَ جَسَدِه الماءُ، فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يَغسِلُ ذَلِكَ المَكانَ ثم يُصَلِّي\" (^٥). عاصِمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أبو عبدِ العَزيزِ الأشجَعِيُّ، قال البخاريُّ: فيه نَظَرٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بكفيه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٥٤) عن العباس بن محمد به، دون حكاية أبي عاصم.\n(^٣) في ب: \"أيوب\"، وفي د: \"هثيم\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٢٦١.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"محمد بن زيد بن مهاجر بن قنفد التيمي\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٥٦١) من طريق إسحاق بن موسى به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١/ ٢٧٣: ورجاله موثقون. وينظر كلام ابن رجب في فتح البارى ١/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٩٣.\nوينظر الكلام على عاصم بن عبد العزيز في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٤٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٥٠٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٩٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٨٤: صدوق يهم.","vol":"2","page":68},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-260>بابُ التَّمَسُّحِ (^١) بالمِنديلِ</span>\n\n٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ قالَت: وضَعتُ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - غُسلًا مِنَ الجَنابَةِ. فذكَر الحديثَ في غُسلِ النبي - ﷺ -، قالَت: وناوَلتُه مِنديلًا فلَم يأخُذْه وجَعَلَ يَنفُضُ بيَدَيهِ (^٢). قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإبراهيمَ فقالَ: إنَّما كَرِهوا ذَلِكَ مَخافَةَ العادَةِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ عن عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أَبيه، دونَ قَولِ الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٨٩١ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - اغتَسَلَ عندَها فأَتَته بمِنديلٍ فرَمَى بهِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُه لإبراهيمَ فقالَ: الحديث هَكَذا، ولا بأسَ بالمَسحِ بالمِنديلِ إنَّما هو عادَةٌ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ بمَعناه، دونَ قَولِ الأعمَشِ لإبراهيمَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"المسح\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بيده\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٥١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٩).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٧٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٥٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٦٦).","vol":"2","page":69},{"text":"٨٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالٍ يَعنى ابنَ يَسَافٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لا تَمَندَلْ إذا تَوَضّأتَ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عثمانَ وأنس أَنَّهُما لم يَرَيا به بأسًا (^٢). وعَنِ الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ أنَّه فعَلَه (^٣).\n\n٨٩٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن أبي مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كانَت له خِرقَةٌ يَتَنَشَّفُ بها بعدَ الوُضوءِ (^٤). أبو مُعاذٍ هذا هو سليمانُ بنُ أَرقَمَ وهو مَتروكٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين (١٨٦٨ - برواية الدورى). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٠٣) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٤، ١٥٩١)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٢٢، ٤٢٥).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧١٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٣).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٤. وأخرجه الترمذي (٥٣) من طريق ابن وهب به، وقال: حديث عائشة ليس بالقائم، ولا يصح عن النبي - ﷺ - في هذا الباب شئ.\n(^٥) هو سليمان بن أرقم، أبو معاذ البصرى، مولى الأنصار، وقيل: مولى قريش. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٣٢٨، وتاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٣، وتهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٣٥١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٩٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٢١: ضعيف.","vol":"2","page":70},{"text":"أَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، عن أبي الحسنِ عليِّ بنِ عمرَ الحافظِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا به (^١) أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، عن أبي أحمدَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ الحافظِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِي ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ غَيرِ قَوِيٍّ:\n\n٨٩٤ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثني أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الصوفيُّ الحافظُ [أبو العباسِ] (^٣) الشّيرازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ النَّحوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العَيناءِ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا أبو زَيدٍ النَّحوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ العَلاءِ، عن أَنَس بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كانَت له خِرقَةٌ يَتَنَشَّفُ بها بعدَ الوُضوءِ (^٤).\n\n٨٩٥ - قال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما رواه أبو عمرِو بنُ العَلاءِ عن إياسِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أن رجلًا حدَّثه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كانَت له خِرقَةٌ أَو مِنديلٌ، فكانَ إذا تَوَضّأَ مَسَحَ بها وجهَه ويَدَيهِ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أبي عمرِو بنِ العَلاءِ، عن إياسِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١١٠، والكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١١٠٢.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"حدثنا أبو العباس بن\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٦/ ٢٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٤٧٢.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ينشِفُ\" بدل: \"يتنشف\".\nوالحديث ذكره الدارقطني -كما في أطراف الغرائب ١/ ٦٣ - عن أبي العيناء به. قال الذهبي ١/ ١٩١: الشيرازي ليس بثقة، والآفة منه.","vol":"2","page":71},{"text":"ابنِ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوَهَذا هو المَحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الوارِثِ.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرٍو قال: سألتُ عبدَ الوارِثِ عن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيب، عن أَنَسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان له مِنديلٌ أَو خِرقَةٌ فإِذا تَوَضأَ مَسَحَ وجهَه (^٢). فقالَ: كان في قُطَينَةٍ (^٣) فأَخَذَه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ (^٤) فلَستُ أَرويهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهذا لَو رواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ عن أَنَسٍ لَكانَ إِسنادًا صَحيحًا، إِلا أنَّه امتَنَعَ مِن رِوايَتِه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما كان عندَه بالإسنادِ الأوَّلِ، والله أَعلَمُ.\nورُوِّينا عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا تَوَضأَ مَسَحَ وجهَه بطَرَفِ ثَوبِهِ. وهو ضَعيفٌ قَد ذَكَرناه في بابِ طَهارَةِ الماءِ المُستَعمَلِ (^٥).\n\n٨٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوهَّاب، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَسعَدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٣٨٦، والدولابي في الكنى ٢/ ٢٢٦ من طريق أبي عمرو به.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل ١/ ٤٧٣ عن عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) في س: \"قطنية\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطوسي في مختصر الأحكام (٤٥) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١١٣٦).","vol":"2","page":72},{"text":"زُرارَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زارَهُم فوَضَعوا له غُسلًا فاغتَسَلَ، ثم ناوَلَه (^١) مِلحَفَةً مَصبوغَةً بزَعفَرانٍ أَو وَرْسٍ (^٢) فاشتَمَلَ بها (^٣). هَكَذا رواه أبو داودَ في كتابٍ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِه عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\nورواه ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَسعَدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: أَتانا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فوَضَعنا له غُسلًا فاغتَسَلَ، ثم أَتَيناه بمِلحَفَةٍ ورسيَّةٍ فالتَحَفَ بها، فكأنِّي أَنظُرُ إلى أَثَرِ الوَرسِ على عُكَنِهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-261>بابُ الدَّليلِ على طَهارَةِ عَرَقِ الحائضِ والجُنُبِ</span>\n\n٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أُرَجِّلُ رأسَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ناولوه\". وهى إحدى روايتى المسند.\n(^٢) الملحفة: الملاءة. تاج العروس (٢٤/ ٣٥٦) (ل ح ف). والزعفران: صبغ معروف وهو من الطيب.\nوالورس: نبت أصفر طيب الريح يصبغ به. اللسان ٤/ ٣٢٤، ٦/ ٢٥٤ (زعفر، ورس).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٧٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٥٧) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥١٨٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١١١١).\n(^٥) العُكَن: الأطواء في البطن من السِّمَن. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٢، واللسان ١٣/ ٢٨٨ (ع ك ن).\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٤٦٦، ٣٦٠٤) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١٠٤، ٧٩٠).","vol":"2","page":73},{"text":"وأَنا حائضٌ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\nواحتجَّ الشافعيُّ (^٣) في ذَلِكَ أَيضًا بما ثَبَتَ مِن أَمرِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - الحائضَ أن [تَغسِلَ دَمَ المَحيضِ] (^٤) مِن ثَوبِها، ولَم يأمُرْها (^٥) بغَسلِ الثَّوبِ كُلِّه، ولا شَكَّ في كَثرَةِ العَرَقِ فيه. وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ الحديثُ في مَواضِعَ (^٦).\n\n٨٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لها: \"ناوِلينى الخُمرَةَ\" (^٧). قالَت: إِنِّي حائضٌ. قال: \"إنَّ حَيضتكِ لَيسَت في يَدِكِ\". [فناولتُها إياه] (^٨).\n\n٨٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٣)، ومالك ١/ ٦٠، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٧٦، ٣٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٥٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٥،٥٩٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٩٧/ ٩).\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ١٨.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"تغتسل دم الحيض\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"يأمر\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٣٦ - ٣٩، ٦٦٦).\n(^٧) الخمرة: هي ما يضع عليه الرجل جزء وجهه في سجوده من الحصير أو غيره. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٨) في س، م: \"فناولته إياها\".\nوالحديث عند الطيالسي (١٥٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٩٥)، والدارمي (٧٩٨، ١١١١)، وابن حبان (١٣٥٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":74},{"text":"ابنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إِلا أنَّه زادَ: \"ناوِلينى الخُمرَةَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ\" (^١). ولم يَقُلْ: فناوَلتُها إيّاه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ أبو طاهِرٍ: حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِيُّ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، أخبرَنا أَفلَحُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ تَختَلِف أَيدِينا فيه مِن الجَنابَةِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٤). ورواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن أَفلَحَ، وزادَ في الحديث: وتَلتَقِي (^٥). وقالَ إِسحاقُ بنُ سليمانَ الرّازِيُّ عن أَفلَحَ، يَعنِي: وتَلتَقِي (^٦). وعِندِي أن مَعنَى قَولِه: تَختَلِفُ أَيدِينا فيه. إِدخالُهُما أَيديَهُما فيه لأخذِ الماءِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٨٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦١)، والنسائي عقب (٢٧١، ٣٨٢) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٨/ ١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٦، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٧٢٣) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦١)، ومسلم (٣٢١/ ٤٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨١٢)، وابن حبان (١١١١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الإسماعيلى- كما في فتح البارى ١/ ٣٧٣.","vol":"2","page":75},{"text":"٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الهاشميُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَوِيَّةِ، عن عائشةَ أمِّ المُؤمِنينَ أَنَّها سُئلَت عن رجلٍ يُدخِلُ يَدَه الإناءَ وهو جُنُبٌ قبلَ أن يَغتَسِلَ، فقالَت: إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَئٌ، ولَكِن ليَبدأْ فيَغسِلْ يَدَه، قَد كُنتُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَغتَسِلُ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^١).\n\n٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مالِكًا يقولُ: حدَّثني نافِعٌ أن عبدَ اللَّه ابنَ عمرَ كان يَعرَقُ في الثوبِ (^٢) وهو جُنُبٌ ثم يُصلِّي فيهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٣ - وبِهَذا الإسناد أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مَسلَمَةَ بنِ عليٍّ والفُضيلِ بنِ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَبانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: لا بأسَ بعَرَقِ الجُنُبِ والحائضِ في الثوبِ (^٤). قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لي مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ مِثلَه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٨٩) من طريق شعبة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥١)، وابن حبان (١١٩٢) من طريق يزيد الرشك بنحوه.\n(^٢) في س، د، م: \"ثوبه\".\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٥٢، ومن طريقه الدارمى (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٠)، وابن أبي شية (٢٠١٤)، والدارمي (١٠٧١)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٧٤٧) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"2","page":76},{"text":"٩٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عيسَى بنُ يونُس، عن حُرَيثِ بنِ أبي مَطَرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ ثم يأتينِي وأَنا جُنُبٌ فيَستَدفِئُ بى (^١). تَفَرَدَ به حُرَيثُ بنُ أبي مَطَرٍ وفيه نَظَرٌ (^٢). ورُوِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عائشة مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-262>بابٌ في فضلِ الجُنُبِ</span>\n\n٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العبَّاسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكر بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ القَدَحِ -وهو الفَرَقُ (^٤) - وكُنتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٨٠)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٤ من طريق حديث به. وقال الترمذي: ليس بإسناده بأس. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١٢٨).\n(^٢) هو حريث بن أبي مطر، أبو عمرو الحناط الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٦٤، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٠، والكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٦١٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٥٦٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٥٩: ضعيف.\n(^٣) عزاه مغلطاى في شرح ابن ماجه ١/ ٧٢٨، ٧٢٩ إلى المصنف وحده.\n(^٤) الفَرَق بفتح الراء وإسكانها والفتح أجود: إناء يسع ثلاثة آصع. ينظر غريب الحديث للحربي ٢/ ٣٤٨، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ٣. =","vol":"2","page":77},{"text":"أَغتَسِلُ أَنا وهو مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشافعى. رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، قال أبو طاهِرٍ: حدثنا. وقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ عمرَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ حَفصٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ بمِثلِهِ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ\n_________\n= وكتب في حاشية د: \"الفرق ستة عشر رطلًا، وفي حديث أن النبي - ﷺ - كان يغتسل بثمانية أرطال. قال الخليل: الفرق بإسكان الراء مكيال ضخم من مكاييل أهل العراق، والفرق محرك الراء لغة، وفي الحديث: وما أسكر الفرق فالجرعة منه حرام\". أ. هـ والفرق يعادل في وقتنا الحالى ٩.١٦٥ لترات.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦)، والشافعى ١/ ٨، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٧١)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨٩) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣١٩/ ٤١)، والبخارى (٢٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٤ من طريق أبي الوليد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٦٤) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأحمد (٢٥٣٩٤)، والنسائي (٢٣٣، ٤١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٦٢) من طرق عن شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":78},{"text":"بالإسنادين جميعًا (^١).\n\n٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، قال أبو طاهِرٍ: حدثنا. وقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن عاصمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ بَينِي وبَينَه، فيُبادِرُنِي فأَقولُ: دَعْ لِي، دَعْ لِي. قالَت: وهُما جُنُبانِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العبالسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصمٍ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ، يُبادِرُني وأُبادِرُه، حَتَّى أَقولَ: دَعْ لِي، دَعْ لِي (^٤). كَذا قالَ (^٥).\n\n٩١٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، أخبرَنا أَبانٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَنا والنبيُّ - ﷺ - نَغتَسِلُ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢٥٤) من طريق أبي طاهر به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٦)، وابن حبان (١١٩٥) من طرق عن عاصم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٢١/ ٤٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٨٧)، والنسائي (٢٣٩، ٤١٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) في م: \"قالت\".","vol":"2","page":79},{"text":"فيَبدأُ قَبلِي (^١).\n\n٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِبر الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني ابنُ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - وأنَّها كانا يَغتَسِلانِ مِنَ الإناءِ الواحِدِ، يَغْترِفُ (^٢) مِنه وهُما جُنُبٌ (^٣).\n\n٩١٢ - وبِإِسنادِه: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّها أخبرَته عن النبي - ﷺ - وعَنها (^٤) أنَّهُما شَرَعا جَميعًا وهُما جُنُبٌ في إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^٥).\n\n٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أخبرَته مَيمونَةُ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - اغتَسَلَ وهِيَ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^٦). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، ورواه البخاريُّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، دونَ ذِكرِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٩، ٩٠٥، ٩٠٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"يغترفان\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٤).\n(^٤) في س. \"وفيها\"، وفي: \" وفيه\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٠٢٨)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٣٥٣). وعند عبد الرزاق: عن ابن جريج.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٠٩) عن الأحمسى به. وأحمد (٢٦٧٩٧)، والترمذي (٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٧)، والنسائي (٢٣٦) من طريق سفيان به، وعند الترمذي: \"من الجنابة\".","vol":"2","page":80},{"text":"مَيمونَةَ (^١). قال البخاريُّ: كان ابنُ عُيَينَة أخيرًا يقول: عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن ميمونَةَ.\nوالصحيحُ ما رواه أبو نُعَيمٍ (^٢):\n\n٩١٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ علي الجَوهَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنُ الطَّبّاعِ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بكرٍ (^٤) قالا: حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرني عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: عِلمِي والذى يَخطُرُ ببالي أن أبا الشَّعثاءِ أخبرَنِي، أن ابنَ عباسٍ أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ بفَضلِ مَيمونَةَ (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ بَكرٍ (^٦).\n\n٩١٦ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، عن سُفيانَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٢٢)، والبخارى (٢٥٣).\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٥٣١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الطباخ\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بكير\".\n(^٥) أحمد (٣٤٦٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٣٧) ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٠٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٢٣/ ٤٨).","vol":"2","page":81},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: انتَهَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - إلى بَعضِ أَزواجِه وقَد فضَلَ مِن غُسلِها فضلٌ، فأَرادَ أن يَتَوَضأَ به، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي اغتَسَلتُ مِنه مِن جَنابَةٍ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يَنجُسُ\" (^١).\n\n٩١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اغتَسَلَ بَعضُ أَزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في جَفنَةٍ (^٢)، فجاءَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - ليَتَوَضّأَ مِنها أَو يَغتَسِلَ، فقالَت له: يا رسولَ الله إِنِّي كُنتُ جُنُبًا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يُجنِبُ\" (^٣).\n\n٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثني أبي، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حدَّثَني أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أن زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سلمةَ حَدَّثَته، أن أم سلمةَ حَدَّثَتها، أَنَّها كانَت هِيَ ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلانِ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن مُعاذٍ (^٥).\n\n٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاق\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٢)، والنسائي (٣٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٩)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٥٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الجفنة: أعظم القصاع. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٩، وينظر القاموس المحيط (ج ف ن).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٦١) من طريق أبي الأحوص به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٨)، والبخارى (١٩٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٩٦، ٣٢٤).","vol":"2","page":82},{"text":"الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَبرٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - والمَرأَةُ [مِن نِسائِه] (^١) يَغتَسِلانِ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-263>بابٌ: لَيسَتِ الحَيضةُ في اليَدِ، والمُؤمِنُ لا يَنجُسُ</span>\n\n٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: حدَّثَني أبو حازِمٍ، قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: بَينَما النبيُّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ فقال: \"يا عائشَة، ناوليني الخُمرَةَ\". فقالَت: إِنِّي حائضٌ. فقال: \"إنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيس بيَدِكِ\". فناوَلَته (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ وغيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٦) اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٠٥، ١٢١٥٦) من طريق شعبة به، وأبو يعلى (٤٣٠٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن جبر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٤).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"إياها\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٦٨٨) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٩٥٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٧٠)، وأبو عوانة (٩١٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٩٩/ ١٣).\n(^٦) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠.","vol":"2","page":83},{"text":"غَنيَّةَ (^١)، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أَمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أُناوِلَه الخُمرَةَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي حائضٌ. فقال: \"ناوِلنيها، فإنَّ الحَيضَةَ لَيسَت في يَدِكِ\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - مِن [إِناءٍ واحدٍ] (^٤) كِلانا جُنُبٌ، ويُخرِجُ رأسه مِنَ المَسجِدِ وهو مُعتَكِفٌ وأَنا حائضٌ فأَغسِلُه، ويأْمُرُنى فأَتَّزِرُ ثم يُباشِرُنى وأَنا حائضٌ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٧) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ الوَكيلُ،\n_________\n(^١) في د، م: \"عتبة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٢) من طريق ابن أبي غنية به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٤/ ٢٣٦. وتقدم من طريق الأعمش عن ثابت في (٨٩٨، ٨٩٩)، وسيأتي في (٤١٧٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٨/ ١٢).\n(^٤) في ب، د: \"الإناء الواحد\".\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٣٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٦٣)، وأبو داود (٧٧)، والنسائي (٢٣٥، ٢٧٤، ٣٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٩٩ - ٣٠١).\n(^٧) في س: \"العباس\".","vol":"2","page":84},{"text":"حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه لَقيَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - في طَريقٍ مِن طُرُقِ المَدينَةِ وهو جُنُبٌ، فانسَلَّ فذَهَبَ فاغتَسَلَ، ففَقَدَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - فلَمّا جاءَ قال: \"أَينَ كُنتَ يا أبا هُرَيرَةَ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَقيتَنِي وأَنا جُنُبٌ، فكَرِهتُ (^٢) أن أُجالِسَكَ حَتَّى أَغتَسِلَ. فقالَ: \"سُبحانَ اللَّهِ\" إنَّ المُؤمِنَ لا يَنجُسُ\" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن واصِلٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَقيَه وهو جُنُبٌ، فحادَ عنه فاغتَسَلَ ثم جاءَ فقالَ: كُنتُ جُنُبًا. فقال: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ لا يَنجُسُ\" (^٥). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"المحمدابادى\"، وفي م: \"المجدابادى\".\n(^٢) في س: \"وأنا كرهت\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٥)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٥٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢١١)، وأبو داود (٢٣١)، والترمذي (١٢١)، والنسائي (٢٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٢٥٩) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٧١)، والبخاري (٢٨٣، ٢٨٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤١٧)، وابن ماجه (٥٣٥) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٢٣٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٨)، وابن حبان (١٣٦٩) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٧٢).","vol":"2","page":85},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-264>بابُ فضلِ المُحدِثِ</span>\n\n٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^١) القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، ومالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ، ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُم، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ الرِّجالَ والنِّساءَ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - كانوا يَتَوَضَّئونَ جميعًا في الإناءِ الواحِدِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكِ بنِ أَنَسٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه قال: حدَّثني نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: كُنا نَتَوَضأُ نَحنُ والنِّساءُ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، نُدلِي فيه أَيديَنا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٢٨)، وأبو داود (٧٩)، والنسائي (٧١، ٣٤١)، وابن ماجه (٣٨١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٣).\nقال العراقى في طرح التثريب ٢/ ٣٩: إنما أراد الزوجات، أو من يحل له أن يرى منها مواضع الوضوء؛ ولذلك بوب عليه البخاري: باب وضوء الرجل مع امرأته. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ٣٠٠: لا مانع من الاجتماع قبل نزول الحجاب، وأما بعده فيختص بالزوجات والمحارم.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠، ١٢١) من طرق عن عبيد اللَّه به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٣).","vol":"2","page":86},{"text":"٩٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ (^١) بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ [بنُ نَصرٍ] (^٢) قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ أُسامَهُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ النُّعمانِ، عن أُمِّ صُبَيَّةَ (^٣) الجُهَنيَّةِ قالَت: اختَلَفَتْ يَدِي ويَدُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في إِناءٍ واحِدٍ في الوُضوءِ (^٤).\nقال البخاريُّ: سالِمٌ هذا هو ابنُ سَرْجٍ (^٥)، ويُقالُ: ابنُ خَرَّبوذَ، أبو النُّعمانِ. وقال بَعضُهُم: ابنُ النُّعمانِ. قال البخاريُّ: هو مَولَى أُمِّ صُبَيَّةَ، واسمُها خَولَةُ بنتُ قَيسٍ. أخبرَنا به محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-265>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا زيادُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ب، د.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ب، د.\n(^٣) في س، د: \"حبيبة\"، وفي ب: \"صبيعة\". وينظر الإصابة ١٤/ ٤١٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٦٨)، وأبو داود (٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٢) من طريق أسامة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧١). قال مغلطاى في شرح ابن ماجه ١/ ٢١٧: واعترض بعضهم على صحة هذا الحديث بكونه ﵇ لم يمس امرأة لا تحل له. قال: وخولة هذه لم يأت في خبر صحيح ولا غيره أنها كانت بهذه الصفة، وفي الذي قاله نظر، وذلك من قولها: تختلف؛ لأن الاختلاف لا يوجب مسًّا ...\n(^٥) في ب، د: \"سرح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٤٢.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١١٣، ١١٤.","vol":"2","page":87},{"text":"ابنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه الأودِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الحِميَرِيِّ قال: لَقيتُ رجلًا صَحِبَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كما صَحِبَه أبو هريرةَ أَربَعَ (^١) سِنينَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أن يَمتَشِطَ أَحَدُنا كُلَّ يَومٍ، أَو يَبولَ في مُغتَسَلِه، أَو تَغتَسِلَ المَرأَةُ بفَضلِ الرَّجُلِ، أَو يَغتَسِلَ الرَّجُلُ بفَضلِ المَرأَةِ، وليَغتَرِفا جَميعًا (^٢).\n\n٩٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن داودَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه. فذكَره بنَحوِه إِلا أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: وليَغتَرِفا جَميعًا (^٣).\nوهَذا الحديثُ رُواتُه ثِقاتٌ، إِلا أن حُمَيدًا لم يُسَمِّ الصحابيَّ الذي حدَّثه فهوَ بمَعنَى المُرسَلِ، إِلا أنَّه مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، لَولا مُخالَفَتُه الأحاديثَ الثّابِتَةَ المَوصولَةَ قَبلَه. وداوُدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأودِيُّ (^٤) لم يَحتَجُّ به الشيخانِ البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ رحِمهما الله تَعالَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"سبع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٨١) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٧٠١٢)، والنسائي (٢٣٨) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨١). وتقدم في (٤٨٣).\n(^٤) هو داود بن عبد الله الأودى الزعافرى، أبو العلاء الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٣٦، والجرح والتعديل ٤١٦/ ٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤١١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ١٩١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٣٣: ثقة.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ١/ ١٩٨: وثقة جماعة، وقال عباس الدورى عن ابن معين: ليس بشئ. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ٣٠٠: رجاله ثقات، ولم أقف لمن أعله على حجة قوية، ودعوى البيهقى أنه في معنى المرسل مردودة؛ لأن إبهام الصحابي لا يضر، وقد صرح التابعى بأنه لقيه.","vol":"2","page":88},{"text":"٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حاجِبٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن رجلٍ مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُتَوَضَّأَ مِن فضلِ وَضوءِ المَرأَةِ (^١). قال يونُسُ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَناه أبو داوُدَ.\n\n٩٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٢) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، يَعنى الطيالِسِيَّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي حاجِبٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو وهو الأقرَعُ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَتَوَضَّأ الرَّجل بفَضلِ وَضوءِ المَرأَةِ (^٣).\nورواه مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ عن أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِي هَكَذا. إِلا أنَّه قال: أَو قال: بسُؤرِها (^٤).\nورَواه وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، كما:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٣٤٨).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٧٦. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٣) عن ابن بشَّار به. وقال الترمذي: حسن. والنسائي (٣٤٢)، وابن حبان (١٢٦٠) من طريق الطيالسي به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٦٤) من طريق محمود بن غيلان به.","vol":"2","page":89},{"text":"٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي حاجِبِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو الغفَّاري، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَهَى عن سُؤرِ المَرأةِ. وكانَ لا يَدرِي عاصِمٌ: فضلُ وَضوئِها، أَو: فضلُ شَرابِها (^١).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن سليمانَ التَيمِي، كما:\n\n٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السمَّاك، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عمرَ (^٢)، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سليمانَ التَّيمِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حاجِبٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَتَوَضَّأَ الرَّجلُ بفَضلِ وَضوءِ المَرأَةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٥) اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سليمانَ، عن أبي حاجِبٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِن بني غِفارٍ، أن نبي الله - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَتَطَهَّرَ الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٦٣) عن وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٣٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٥٥)، والترمذي (٦٣) من طريق سيمان التيمى به.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) في عن: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٢٤.","vol":"2","page":90},{"text":"بفَضلِ وَضوءِ المَرأَةِ (^١). وهَكَذا رواه هُشَيمٌ عن سليمانَ التَّيمِيِّ.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ قالَ: قالَ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البخاريُّ: سَوادَةُ بنُ عاصِمٍ أبو حاجِبٍ العَنَزِيُّ، يُعَدُّ في البَصريّينَ، ويُقالُ: الغِفارِيّ، ولا أُراه يَصِحُّ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣). وبَلَغَنِي عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ أنَّه قالَ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنى البُخارِيَّ، عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: لَيسَ بصَحيحٍ (^٤). يَعنِي حَديثَ أبي حاجِبٍ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو. وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ ابنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قالَ: أبو حاجِبٍ اسمُه سَوادَةُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، واختُلِفَ فيه؛ فرواه عِمرانُ بنُ حُدَيرٍ وغَزوانُ بنُ حُجَيرٍ السَّدوسِيُّ عنه مَوقوفًا مِن قَولِ الحَكَمِ غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ إلى النبي - ﷺ - (^٥):\n\n٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ فارِس، حدثنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُدَيرٍ، عن سَوادَةَ العَنَزِيِّ قال: اجتَمَعَ النّاسُ على الحَكَمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٣١٥٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٢) بعده في ب: \"لي\".\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٨٤، ١٨٥.\n(^٤) علل الترمذي ص ٤٠.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٥٣.","vol":"2","page":91},{"text":"بالمِرْبَدِ (^١) فنَهاهُم عَنه (^٢).\n\n٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ السَّرَّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ (^٣)، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَرْجِسَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن فضلِ وَضوءِ المَرأَةِ (^٤).\nوهَكَذا رواه مُعَلَّى بنُ أَسَدٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ المُختارِ (^٥). وخالَفَه شُعبَةُ عن عاصِمٍ:\n\n٩٣٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ (^٦) بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سَرْجِسَ قال: تَتَوَضأُ المَرأَةُ وتَغتَسِلُ مِن فضلِ غُسلِ الرَّجُلِ وطَهورِه، ولا يَتَوَضَّأُ الرَّجل يخيل إليه بفَضلِ غُسلِ المَرأَةِ ولا طَهورِها (^٧). قالَ عليٌّ: هذا مَوقوفٌ، وهو أولَى بالصوابِ.\n_________\n(^١) المِرْبَد: هو مربد البصرة، فيه سوق عظيمة للإبل، ثم صار محلة عظيمة سكنها الناس، وبه كانت مفاخرات الشعراء ومجالس الخطباء، وهو بائن عن البصرة بثلاثة أميال. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٨٣.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٨٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٧) من طريق عمران بن حدير به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مطير\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجمه ٢/ ٧٢، ٧٣، وأبو نعيم في المعرفة (٤٢١٧) من طريق مطين به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٤) من طريق معلى به.\n(^٦) في س، د: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٧) الدارقطني ١/ ١١٧.","vol":"2","page":92},{"text":"قال الشيخ: وبَلَغَنِي عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِيُّ أنَّه قالَ: حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سَرْجِسَ في هذا البابِ، الصحيحُ هو مَوقوفٌ، ومَن رَفَعَه فهوَ خَطَأٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-266>بابٌ: لا وقت (^٢) فيما يَتَطَهَّرُ به المُتَوَضِّئُ والمُغتَسِلُ</span>\n\n٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن إسحاق بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وحانَت صَلاةُ العَصرِ، والتَمَسَ النّاسُ الوَضوءَ فلَم يَجِدوه، فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بوَضوءٍ فوَضَعَ في ذَلِكَ الإناءِ يَدَه، وأَمَرَ النّاسَ أن يَتَوَضَّئوا مِنه. قالَ: فرأَيتُ الماءَ يَنبُعُ مِن تَحتِ أَصابِعِه، فتَوَضَّأَ الناسُ حَتَّى تَوَضَّئوا مِن عِندِ آخِرِهِم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذي ص ٤٠.\n(^٢) لا وقت: أي لا تحديد لقدر الماء. يقال: وقت الشئ يوقته ... إذا بين حده. وفي حديث ابن عباس: لم يَقِتْ رسول الله في الخمر حدا. أى لم يقدر ولم يحده بعدد مخصوص. اللسان ٢/ ١٠٧ (وق ت).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٨)، والدلائل ٤/ ١٢١، والشافعى في مسنده ٢/ ٤٠٣ (٦٦١)، ومالك ١/ ٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٣٤٨)، والترمذي (٣٦٣١)، والنسائي (٧٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥٣٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن مسلمة به.","vol":"2","page":93},{"text":"مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِي وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن [وجهٍ آخَرَ] (^١) عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\nورواه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسعودٍ (^٣) وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه (^٤)، والبَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ (^٥) عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مِهرُويَه بنِ عَيّاشٍ الرَّازيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِم الرَّازيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن إِناء واحِدٍ (^٦). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٧).\n\n٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزَّهريِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَغتَسِلُ مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ، وذَلِكَ القَدَحُ يَومَئذٍ يُدعَى الفَرَقَ (^٨). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئب، وقال: مِن قَدَحٍ يُقالُ له: الفَرَقُ (^٩).\n_________\n(^١) في: \"وجوه أخر\".\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٩، ٣٥٧٣)، ومسلم (٢٢٧٩/ ٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٩٣)، والبخاري (٣٥٧٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٤١٥١،٤١٥٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به، وتقدم عند المصنف (١٢٥)، (٨٣٩) من طريق هشام بن عروة.\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٧٣).\n(^٨) الطيالسي (١٥٤١). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٤٨ عن الزهري به وتقدَّم في (٩٠٥).\n(^٩) البخاري (٢٥٠).","vol":"2","page":94},{"text":"٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا الليثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلُ في القَدَحِ وهو الفَرَقُ، وكُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا وهو في (^١) إِناءٍ واحِدٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ هَكَذا (^٤).\n\n٩٤٢ - ورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ فقال في الحديثِ: قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ فيه قَدرُ الفَرَقِ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n٩٤٣ - ورَواه مالكٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مُضافًا إِلَيه دونَها. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي إِملاءً، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ مِن إِناءٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"من\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٦) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣١٩/ ٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨٩)، ومسلم (٣١٩/ ٤١)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٦) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٠٢٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٦٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٣١).","vol":"2","page":95},{"text":"هو الفَرَقُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليٌّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ (^٣)، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ، وهو الفَرَقُ (^٤). قال: فقالَ الزُّهرِيُّ: أَحسِبُه خَمسَةَ أَقساطٍ (^٥).\nقال أبو عمرَ: والقِسطُ أَربَعَةُ أَرطالٍ.\nورَواه غَيرُه أَيضًا عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ هَكَذا (^٦).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ قال: قال قُتَيبَةُ: قال سُفيانُ يَعنى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ: الفَرَقُ ثَلاثَةُ آصُعٍ (^٧). وفِي رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ عن الشافعيِّ أنه قالَه (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤٤، ٤٥، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٣٨)، وابن حبان (١٢٠١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣١٩/ ٤٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في المعجم الأوسط (٢٣٩١) من طريق أبي مسلم به.\n(^٥) القسط: مكيال يسع نصف صاع. التاج ٢٠/ ٢٥ (ق س ط). وهو يعادل حاليا ١.٥٢٧ ليترًا تقريبًا. بحث المقادير الشرعية (ضمن مجلة الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية) ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٦) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهريه (٩٥٩)، والنسائي (٤٠٨) من طريق إبراهم بن سعد به.\n(^٧) مسلم (٣١٩/ ٤١). والآصع جمع الصاع وهر يعادل حاليا ٣.٠٥٥ ليترًا تقريبًا. بحث المقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٨) الأم ١/ ٤٠.","vol":"2","page":96},{"text":"وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: الفَرَقُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ رَطلًا. قال: وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: صاعُ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ خَمسَةُ أَرطالٍ وثُلُثٌ. قيلَ: فمَن قال: ثَمانيَةُ أَرطالٍ. قال: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ بمَحفوظٍ (^١).\nقال الشافعيُّ: وبَلَغَنا أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضَّأَ بالمُدِّ، واغتَسَلَ بالصاعِ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قراءةً عليه وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إِملاءً قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسْعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن ابنِ جَبْرٍ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ في حَديثِه قال: حدَّثَني شَيخٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: ابنُ جَبْرٍ (^٣). قال: سَمِعتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلُ بالصاعِ إلى خَمسَةِ أَمدادٍ، وكانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ بالمُدِّ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيع عن مِسْعَرٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٢٣٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٢)، وفي المعرفة عقب حديث (٢٩٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"جبير\"، وفي ب: \"جبر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ١٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢٧٦) من طريق أبي الطاهر به. وأبو عوانة (٦٢٨) من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٠١)، ومسلم (٣٢٥/ ٥١).","vol":"2","page":97},{"text":"عبدُ الله بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ جَبرٍ (^١)، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضَّأُ بالمَكّوكِ (^٢)، ويَغتَسِلُ بخَمسِ مَكاكِيَّ (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ وغَيرُهُما عن شُعبَةَ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِهِما عنه في \"الصحيح\" (^٥).\nقالَ الشافعيُّ: وفِي هذا ما دَلَّ على أن لا وقتَ فيه إِلا كَمالُه، والله أعلمُ، مَعَ أنه قَد رُوِي عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - انَّه قال في الجُنُبِ: \"فإذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأمِسَّهُ (^٦) جِلدَك\". بغَيرِ توقيتِ شئٍ مِنه (^٧).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَى هذا الحديثُ، وسَيَرِدُ إِن شاءَ الله تَعالَى (^٨).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-267>بابُ استِحبابِ ألا يَنقُصَ في الوُضوءِ مِن مُدٍّ، ولا في الغُسلِ مِن صاعٍ</span>\n\n٩٤٧ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"جبير\"، وفي ب: \"حبر\".\n(^٢) المكوك: اسم لمكيال. غريب الحديث للحربي ٢/ ٤٨٩. وهو يعادل حاليا ٤.٥٨٢ ليترًا. بحث المقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧١٦)، وأبو عوانة (٦٢٧) من طريق عفان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطيالسي (٢٢١٦)، وأحمد (١٢١٠٥)، والنسائي (٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٦)، وابن حبان (١٢٠٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٢٥/ ٥٠).\n(^٦) في م: \"فأمسسه\".\n(^٧) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٢)، وفي المعرفة عقب حديث (٣٠٠). ولم نجده في الأم.\n(^٨) تقدم في (١٥)، وسيأتي في (١٠٥٥).","vol":"2","page":98},{"text":"إِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أبي رَيحانَةَ، عن سَفِينَةَ صاحِبِ (^١) رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلُ بالصّاعِ (^٢) ويَتَطَهَّرُ بالمُدِّ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ حَمّادٍ أبو النَّضرِ البَزّازُ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ الفَلَّاسُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا أبو رَيحانَةَ، عن سَفينَةَ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[يوَضِّئُه المُدُّ ويُغَسِّلُه الصّاعُ] (^٦) (^٧). رواه مسلمٌ عن عمرِو بنِ عليٍّ أبي حَفصٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٨).\n\n٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمان الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أَبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: حَدَّثَتنِي صَفيَّةُ، أن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في ب: \"مولى\".\n(^٢) في ب: \"بالمد\".\n(^٣) في ب: \"بالصاع\".\nوالحديث عند ابن أبي شيبة (٧١١)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٣١)، والدارمى (٧١٥)، والترمذي (٥٦) من طريق ابن علية به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٢٦/ ٥٣).\n(^٥) في س، ب: \" البزار\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٦) في د: \"يتوضأ بالمد ويغتسل بالصاع\".\n(^٧) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥٦٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٩٤ من طريق أبي حفص الفلاس به.\n(^٨) مسلم (٣٢٦/ ٥٢).","vol":"2","page":99},{"text":"يَتَوَضَّأُ بالمُدِّ ويَغتَسِلُ بالصّاعِ (^١).\n\n٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضيلٍ، عن حُصَينٍ ويَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"يُجزِئُ مِنَ الوُضُوءِ المُدُّ، ومِنَ الجنابَةِ صاعٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٥١ - ورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ وغَيرُه عن يَزيدَ وحدَه بإِسنادِه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضَّأُ بالمُدِّ ويَغتَسِلُ بالصَّاعِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٩٥٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثني مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ، يَعنِي الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاق، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ، أنَّه كان عِندَ جابِرٍ وعِندَه قَومٌ، فسأَلوه عن الغُسْلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فقال: يَكفيكَ صاعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٩٨) من طريق عفان به. وأبو د اود (٩٢)، والنسائي (٣٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٨) من طرق عن قتادة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٧) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٨٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٥٠)، وأبو داود (٩٣) من طريق يزيد بن أبي زياد به.","vol":"2","page":100},{"text":"فقالَ رجلٌ مِنهُم: والله ما يَكفينِي ذاكَ ولا إِلَيه ولا إِلَيهِ. فقال جابِرٌ: قَد كان يَكفِي [مَنْ هو] (^١) أَوفَى مِنكَ شَعَرًا، أو (^٢) خَيرًا مِنكَ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ حَفصٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ. قال: سأَلَها أَخوها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ عن غُسْلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فدَعَت بماءٍ قَدرَ الصّاعِ واغتَسَلَت وصبَّت على رأْسِها ثَلاثًا (^٥). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ (^٦) مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن شُعبَةَ ثم قال: وقالَ يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن شُعبَةَ: قَدرَ صاعٍ (^٧). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وزادَ في الحديثِ: وبَينَنا وبَينَها سِتْرٌ (^٨).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-268>بابُ في جَوازِ النقصانِ عَنهُما فيهِما إذا أتى على ما أُمِرَ بهِ</span>\n\n٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، س، ب، د.\n(^٢) في ب، م: \"و\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٠) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٠٧) عن يزيد به. والنسائي (٢٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"في الصحيح\".\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٥١) وفيه: يزيد بن هارون وبهز والجُدِّي عن شعبة.\n(^٨) مسلم (٣٢٠/ ٤٢).","vol":"2","page":101},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلاليُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. قال: وأَخبَرَنى أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا الليث، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، وكانَت تَحتَ المُنذِرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ أخبرَتها أَنَها كانَت تَغتَسِلُ هِيَ والنبيُّ - ﷺ - مِن إِناءٍ واحِدٍ يَسَعُ ثَلاثَةَ أَمدادٍ أو قَريبًا مِن ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّدابادِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنيُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ المَكِّيِّ أنَّه قال: بَلَغَ عائشةَ أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرٍو يُفتِي أن المَرأَةَ تَنقُضُ رأسَها عِندَ غُسْلِ الجَنابَةِ، فقالَت: لَقَد كَلَّفَ النِّساءَ (^٤) تَعَبًا، ولَقَد رأَيتُنِي أَغتَسِلُ أَنا ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن هذا -وإِذا تَوْرٌ مَوضوعٌ مِثلُ الصَّاعِ أَو دونَه- فأُفيضُ على رأْسِي ثلاثَ مِرارٍ جَميعًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٠٢) من طريق أبي الوليد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٢١/ ٤٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"المجدابادى\".\n(^٤) في ب: \"الناس\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٤)، وأبو الشيخ في جزء أبي الزبير عن غير جابر (٥١) من طريق إبراهيم به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٠٢: إسناده جيد. وتقدم عند المصنف في (٨٧٥) من طريق أيوب عن أبي الزبير.","vol":"2","page":102},{"text":"٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ الأنصارِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَبّادَ بنَ تَميمٍ، عن جَدَّتي، وهِيَ أُمّ عُمارَةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضَّأَ فأُتِيَ بإِناءٍ فيه ماءٌ قَدرَ ثُلُثَي المُدِّ (^١). هَكَذا رواه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ، وخالَفَه غَيرُه في إِسنادِهِ.\n\n٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرّازِيّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أُتى بثُلُثَى مُدٍّ مِن ماءٍ، فتوَضَّأَ فجَعَلَ يَدلُكُ ذِراعَيه (^٢).\n\n٩٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن ابنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضَّأَ بنَحوٍ مِن ثُلُثَي المُدِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٩٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٧٤) عن محمد بن بشار به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٤٤، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٨)، وابن حبان (١٠٨٣) من طريق يحيى بن أبي زائدة به. وأحمد (١٦٤٤١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشاشي (١٠٨٨) عن عبد الملك بن محمد به، وعنده \"ابن أبي زائدة\" بدلًا من \"أبو خالد الأحمر\"، و: \"المكوك\" بدلًا من: \"المد\".","vol":"2","page":103},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١). قال أبو زُرعَةَ الرّازِيُّ: الصَّحيحُ عِندِي حَديثُ غُندَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٩ - ورُوِي عن الصَّلتِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ بنِصفِ مُدٍّ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ الجَزَرِيُّ، عن الصَّلتِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). والصَّلتُ بنُ دينارٍ مَتروكٌ لا يُفرَحُ بحَديثِهِ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِي عنه في هذا الحديثِ: وقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: بقِسطٍ مِن ماءٍ:\n\n٩٦٠ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِم الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبد اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه نَحوَ حَديثِ المالينيِّ، وزادَ: وقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: بقِسطٍ مِن ماءٍ.\nوقَد قيلَ عنه في هذا الحديثِ: بأَقَلَّ مِن مُدٍّ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى -كما في إتحاف الخيرة (٨٥٩) - والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٢ من طريق معاذ به، وليس عند الطحاوي موضع الشاهد.\n(^٢) علل ابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٤٥٨ (٣٩).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٣٩٨. وأخرجه أبو يعلى- كما في المطالب العالية (٦) - من طريق سريج يونس به.\n(^٤) هو الصلت بن دينار أبو شعيب الأزدى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٣٧٥، والكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٣٩٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٢٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣١٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٤/ ٤٣٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٦٩: متروك.","vol":"2","page":104},{"text":"٩٦١ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الناقِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبي مَذعورٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ الجَزَرِيُّ، عن الصَّلتِ بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-269>بابُ النَّهي عن الإسراف في الوُضوءِ</span>\n\n٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبي خَلَفٍ الصوفيُّ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا [أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ] (^٢) (^٣) بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن أبي نَعامَةَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مُغَفَّلٍ سمِع ابنَه يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسأَلُكَ القَصرَ الأبيَضَ عن يَمينِ الجَنَّةِ إذا دَخَلتُها. فقالَ: يا بُنَيَّ، سَلِ الله الجَنَّةَ وتَعَوَّذْ به مِنَ النّارِ، فإِنِّي سَمِعت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّه سَيَكونُ في هَذِه الأُمَّةِ قَومٌ يَعتَدون في الطُّهورِ والدُّعاءِ\" (^٤).\n\n٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بإسناده\". والحديث أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٣٩٨.\n(^٢) في م: \" برداد\".\n(^٣) في س: \"أبو بكر بن محمد بن داود ثنا يزداد\". وسيأتي في (٣٢١٠، ٥٤٠١).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٢، والمصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٢٧٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٦) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٦٨٠١)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٦٤)، وابن حبان (٦٧٦٤) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٧).","vol":"2","page":105},{"text":"حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن عُتَيٍّ السَّعدِيِّ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ لِلوُضوءِ شَيطانًا يُقالُ له: الوَلْهَانُ (^١). فاحذَروه\". أَو قال: \"فاتَّقوه\" (^٢).\nوقالَ غَيرُه عن أبي داودَ في هذا الحديثِ: \"فاحذَروه، واتَّقوا وَسواسَ الماءِ\":\n\n٩٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ جَميلٍ، حدثنا عَبْدَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّار وَمُحَمَّد بنُ بَشَّارٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ، وقال في إِسنادِه: عن عُتَيِّ بنِ ضَمرَةَ (^٣).\nوهَذا الحديثُ مَعلولٌ برِوايَةِ الثورِيِّ عن بَيانٍ عن الحسنِ، بَعضُه مِن قَولِه غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ، وباقِيه عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ مِن قَولِه غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٩٦٥ - وذَلِكَ بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن بَيانٍ، عن الحسنِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الولهان بسكون اللام، ويروى فتحها. التاج (٣٦/ ٥٥١) (ول هـ).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٥٤٩)، ومن طريقه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٣٨). حديث منكر. وينظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٢، وفيه: \"يحيى بن ضمرة\" بدلًا من: \"عتي بن ضمرة\". وأخرجه الترمذي (٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٢) عن ابن بشار به، وقال الترمذي: غريب وليس إسناده بالقوي. وقال الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٩٤): ضعيف جدًّا.","vol":"2","page":106},{"text":"شَيطانُ الوُضُوءِ يُدعَى الوَلْهانَ، يَضحَكُ بالنّاسِ في الوُضوءِ. وعَن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ قال: كان يُقالُ: إنَّ لِلماءِ وَسْواسًا، فاتَّقوا وَسْواسَ الماءِ. وعَن سُفيانَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ قال: كان يُقالُ: في كُلِّ شَئٍ إِسرافٌ حَتَّى في الطُّهورِ، وإِن كان على شاطئ النَّهَرِ. هَكَذا رَواه غَيرُ خارِجَةَ بنِ مُصعَبٍ عن الحسنِ ويونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ. وخارِجَةُ يَنفَرِدُ برِوايَتِه مُسنَدًا، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ في الرِّوايَةِ (^١)، والله أَعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِي بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ مَرفوعًا معنى (^٢) ما رُوِّينا عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ:\n\n٩٦٦ - حَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ وأبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ التَّميمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُصَينٍ الأصبَحِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن سليمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي العَلاءِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اتّقوا وَسْواسَ الماءِ، فإِنَّ لِلماءِ وسواسًا وشَيطانًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) هو خارجة بن مصعب الضُّبعي، أبو الحجاج الخراسانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٣٧٥، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ١٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٣٢٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢١٠، ٢١١: متروك وكان يدلس عن الكذابين.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يعنى\".\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٠٤: يحيى متروك.","vol":"2","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-270>بابُ السَّتِر في الغُسلِ عِندَ النّاسِ</span>\n\n٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ قالَت: سَتَرْتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وهو يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فبَدأَ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، ثم صَبَّ بيَمينِه على شِمالِه فغَسَلَ فرجَه وما أَصابَه، ثم مَسَحَ بيَدَيه على الحائطِ أَوِ الأرضِ، ثم تَوَضأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ غَيرَ رِجلَيه، ثم أَفاضَ على جَسَدِه الماءَ، ثم تَنَحَّى فغَسَلَ قَدَمَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ (^٢). وتابَعَه أبو عَوانَةَ وزائدَةُ وابنُ فُضَيلٍ عن الأعمَشِ في السَّترِ (^٣). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ.\n\n٩٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قالَت: وضَعتُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ماءً. فذكَره، قالَت: وسَتَرْتُه حَتَّى اغتَسَلَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن موسَى القارِيِّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٠ - ٨٣٢، ٨٣٦، ٨٥١). وسيأتي في (١١٣٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٥٦)، والبخارى (٢٦٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٤١)، وأبو عوانة (٨٦٤) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٢٠٤٠)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٧٦٢) من طريق زائدة به. وسيأتي في (١١٣٥).","vol":"2","page":108},{"text":"عن زائدَةَ (^١).\n\n٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالِكٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، أن أبا مُرَّةَ مَولَى أُمِّ هانئٍ بنتِ أبي طالِبٍ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِع أُمَّ هانئٍ بنتَ أبي طالِبٍ تَقولُ: ذَهَبتُ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ فوَجَدْتُه يَغتَسِلُ وفاطِمَةُ بنتُه تَستُرُه بثَوبٍ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ يَعنِي ابنَ كَثيرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، أن أبا مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ حدَّثه، أن أُمَّ هانيء بنتَ أبي طالِبٍ حَدَّثته، أن عَلِيَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيها وهُم مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ الفَتحِ بمَكَّةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ. قالَت: ثم سُكِبَ له غُسلٌ، فسَتَرَته ابنَتُه فاطِمَةُ بثَوبِه، فلَمَّا اغتَسَلَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٣٧/ ٧٣).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٥٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٩٠٧)، والدارمي (١٤٩٤)، والترمذي (٢٧٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٢٥)، وابن حبان (١١٨٨). وسيأتي في (١٨٢٢٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٠، ٦١٥٨)، ومسلم (٣٣٦/ ٧٠).","vol":"2","page":109},{"text":"أَخَذَه فالتَحَفَ به، ثم قام فصلَّى ثَمانَ سَجَداتٍ وذَلِكَ ضُحًى (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُفَيلٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ العَرْزَمِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن يَعلَى، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأَى رجلًا يَغتَسِلُ بالبَرازِ (^٣)، فصَعِدَ المِنبَرَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عليه، ثم قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ جل ثناؤُه حَييٌّ سَتِيرٌ يحِبُّ الحَياءَ والسترَ، فإِذا اغتَسَلَ أَحَدُكُم فليَستَتِر\" (^٤).\n\n٩٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي خَلَفٍ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن أَبيه، عن النبي - ﷺ - بهَذا الحَديثِ. قال أبو داودَ: الأوَّلُ أَتَمُّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-271>بابُ التَّعَرِّي إذا كان وحدَه</span>\n\n٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو يَعلَى حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ المُهَلَّبِيُّ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٦٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي هند به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٦/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) بعده عند أبي داود: \"بلا إزار\". والبراز: الفضاء، واشتق منه: تبرَّز كما قيل من الغائط: تغوط. الفائق ١/ ٩٣. وينظر تهذيب اللغة ٤/ ٣٦٠.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٠١٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠٤) من طريق النفيلى به، وأحمد (١٧٩٦٨) من طريق عطاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٨٧).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٠١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٧٠)، والنسائي (٤٠٥) من طريق الأسود بن عامر به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٨٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) حمزة بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أحمد بن حمزة أبو يعلى المهلبى الصيدلانى النيسابورى، قال=","vol":"2","page":110},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَينَما أَيّوبُ يَغتَسِلُ عُريانًا خَرَّ عليه جَرادٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فجَعَلَ أَيّوبُ يَحْتَثِي في ثَوبِه، فناداه رَبُّه: يا أَيّوبُ، أَلَم أَكُنْ أَغنَيتُكَ عَمّا تَرَى؟ قال: بَلَى يا رَبِّ، ولَكِن لا غِنَى بِي (^١) عن بَرَكَتِكَ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٧٤ - وبِإِسنادِهِما قال: وقال وسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كانَت بَنو إِسرائيلَ يَغتَسِلونَ عُراةً يَنظُرُ بَعضُهُم إلى سَوْءَةِ بَعضٍ، وكانَ موسى يَغتَسِل وحدَه، فقالوا: والله ما يَمنَعُ موسى أن يَغتَسِلَ معنا إِلا أنَّه آدَرُ (^٣) \". قال: \"فذَهَبَ مَرَّةً يَغتَسِلُ فوَضَعَ ثَوبَه على الحَجَرِ، ففَرَّ الحَجَرُ بثَوبه\". قال: \"فجَمَحَ (^٤) موسى في أَثَرِه: ثَوبي حَجَرُ، ثَوبي حَجَرُ. حَتَّى نَظَرَت بَنو إِسرائيلَ إلى سَوْءَةِ موسَى، فقالوا: واللَّهِ ما بموسَى مِن بأْسٍ\". قال: \"فقام الحَجَر (^٥) بعدَ ما نَظَروا إِلَيه، فأَخَذَ ثَوبَه وطَفِقَ بالحَجَرِ ضَربًا\". فَقالَ أبو هريرةَ:\n_________\n= الذهبي: الشيخ الثقة العالم ... تفرد في وقته. توفى سنة (٤٠٦ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٦٢٦)، والأنساب ٣/ ٥٧٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٦٤.\n(^١) في س، ب: \"لي\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق في أمالى الصحابة (١٦٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٥٩)، والبخارى (٢٧٩)، وابن حبان (٦٢٢٩).\n(^٣) الأُدرة بالضم: نفخة في الخصية. النهاية ١/ ٣١. وقيل: هي عظم الخصية. المحكم ٩/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٤) جمح: أى: أسرع إسراعًا لا يرده شئ، قال الليث: وكل شئ مضى لوجهه على أمر فقد جمح. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٦٩. وينظر العين ٣/ ٨٨.\n(^٥) قام الحجر: أى ثبت. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٠.","vol":"2","page":111},{"text":"والله إنَّه نَدَبًا (^١) بالحَجَرِ؛ سِتَّةً أَو سَبعَةً ضَرْبَ موسَى بالحَجَرِ (^٢). رَواهُما البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَ مسلمٌ الحديثَ الثّانيَ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٤).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-272> بابُ كونِ السَّتِر أَفضَلَ وإِن كان خاليًا</span>\n\n٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو [عليٍّ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ] (^٥) الزَّعفَرانيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ وإِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جدِّه أنه قال: يا نبيَّ اللَّه، عَوراتُنا ما نأتى مِنها وما نَذَرُ؟ قال: \"احفَظْ عَورَتَكَ إِلا مِن زَوجَتِكَ أَو ما مَلَكَت يَمينُكَ\". فقُلتُ: أَرأيتَ إذا كان القَومُ بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ؟ قال: \"إِنِ استَطَعتَ ألا يرَاهما أَحَدٌ فلا يَراهما\". قال: قُلتُ: أَرأيتَ إذا كان أحدنا خاليًا؟ قال: \"اللَّهُ أَحَق أن يُستَحيَا مِنَ النّاسِ\" (^٦). ذكَره البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ مُختَصَرًا، قال: وقالَ بَهزٌ: عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"الله\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ندب\". والنَّدَب: أثر الجرح إذا لم يرتفع عن الجلد. النهاية ٥/ ٣٤، وينظر القاموس المحيط (ن د ب).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٧٣)، وابن حبان (٦٢١١) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٨، ٢٧٩)، وعنده: إنه لنَدَبٌ بالحجر ستة أو سبعة ضربا بالحجر.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٣٩) وعده: إنه بالحجر نَدَب ستةٌ أو سبعةٌ ضرب موسى بالحجر.\n(^٥) في س: \"الحسن علي بن محمد الصباغ\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣١٠.\n(^٦) المصنف في الآداب (٧٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٣٤) عن إسماعيل به. والترمذي (٢٧٩٤) من طريق معاذ به، وقال: حسن. وأبو داود (٤٠١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٧٢) من طريق بهز بن حكيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٩١)، وسيأتي في (٣٢٥٥، ١٣٦٦٩).","vol":"2","page":112},{"text":"أَحَقُّ أن يُستَحيَا مِنه مِنَ النّاس\" (^١).\n\n٩٧٦ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، عن الليث، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَغتَسِلوا في الصحراءِ إلَّا ألَّا تَجِدوا مُتَوارًى، فإِن لم تَجِدوا مُتَوارًى فليَخُطَّ أَحَدُكُم خَطًّا كالدّارَةِ (^٢)، ثم يُسَمِّي اللهَ تعالَى ويَغتَسِلُ فيها\". أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ محمد، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٩٧٧ - وبِهَذا الإسناد عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺقال: \"لا يَغتَسِلَنَّ أَحَدُكُم إِلا وقُربَه إِنسانٌ لا يَنظُرُ (^٤) وهو قَريبٌ مِنه يُكَلِّمُه\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-273>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُؤَخِّرُ الغُسلَ إلى آخِرِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن بُردٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا بُردُ بنُ سنانٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن غُضَيفِ بنِ الحارِثِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري قبل حديث (٢٧٨).\n(^٢) الدارة: ما أحاط بالشئ كالدائرة. القاموس المحيط ٢/ ٣٢ (د ور)، واللسان ٤/ ٢٩٦ (د ور).\n(^٣) المراسيل (٤٧٢). وأخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٧٧٨٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"إليه\".\n(^٥) المراسيل (٤٧١).","vol":"2","page":113},{"text":"قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ: أَرأيتِ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - كان يَغتَسِلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ في أَوَّلِ اللَّيلِ أَم في آخِرِه؟ قالَت: ربما اغتَسَلَ في أوَّل اللَّيلِ، وربما اغتَسَلَ في آخِرِهِ. قُلتُ: الله أَكبَرُ! الحَمدُ للهِ الذي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ سَعَةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-274>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُريدُ النَّومَ فيَغسِلُ فرجَه ويَتَوَضّأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ثم يَنامُ</span>\n\n٩٧٩ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: ذكَر عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - أنَّه تُصيبُه جَنابَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ له رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"تَوَضأ واغسِلْ ذكَرَكَ ثم نَمْ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nوقالَ الثورِيُّ وشُعبَةُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ في هذا الحديثِ: \"اغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضّأْ\" (^٤).\n\n٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٦)، وأحمد (٢٤٢٠٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٥٤) من طريق ابن علية به. والنسائي (٢٢٣) من طريق برد بن سنان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٩).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١٤)، وأبو داود (٢٢١)، والنسائي (٢٦٠)، وابن حبان (١٢١٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٠)، ومسلم (٣٠٦/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٩٠)، والدارمى (٧٨٣) من طريق الثورى به. وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠٨).","vol":"2","page":114},{"text":"وأبو محمدِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رجلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَيَرقُدُ أَحَدُنا وهو جُنُبٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم إذا تَوَضّأَ\" (^١). مُخَرَّج في \"الصحيحين\" مَعَ تَسميَةِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ في السُّؤالِ (^٢).\n\n٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال (^٣): وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أَنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أَرادَ أن يَنامَ وهو جُنُبًا تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ قبل أن يَنامَ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٢٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٨٢)، وأبو عوانة (٧٨٧، ٧٩٤) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به، وعندهم جميعًا أن السائل هو عمر، ولم نجد رواية لهذا الحديث بإبهام السائل.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٧)، ومسلم (٣٠٦).\n(^٣) أى أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٤٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٤٨٧٢)، وأبو داود (٢٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٣) من طريق يونس به. وسيأتي في (٩٩٤، ٩٩٥).","vol":"2","page":115},{"text":"فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي سَلَمَةَ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ عُروةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أَرادَ أن يَنامَ وهو جُنُبٌ غَسَلَ فرجَه وتَوَضأَ وُضوءَه لِلصلاةِ ثم نامَ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ الكَلبِيُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عَثّامٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عليٍّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا أَجنَبَ فأَرادَ أن يَنامَ تَوَضأَ أَو تَيَمَّمَ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي قَيسٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن وِترِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَيفَ كان يُوتِرُ، مِن أوَّل اللَّيلِ أَو آخِرِهِ؟ قالَت: كُل ذَلِكَ كان يَفعَلُ، ربما أَوتَرَ وربما أَخَّرَه. قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ سَعَةً. قُلتُ: كَيفَ كانَت قراءتُه مِنَ الليلِ، أَكانَ يُسِرُّ بالقراءةِ مِنَ الليل أَم يَجهَرُ؟ قالَت: كُل ذَلِكَ قَد كان يَفعَلُ، ربما أَسَرَّ وربما جَهَرَ. قالَ: قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ سَعَةً. قُلتُ: كَيفَ كان يَصنَعُ في الجَنابَةِ، أَكانَ يَغتَسِلُ قبلَ أن يَنامَ، أَو يَنامُ قبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٥٨٤) من طريق الليث به، وسيأتي في (٩٩٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٥/ ٢١)، والبخاري (٢٨٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨١) عن عثام بنحوه موقوفا. وحسن ابن حجر إسناده. الفتح ١/ ٣٩٤.","vol":"2","page":116},{"text":"أن يَغتَسِلَ؟ قالَت: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَد كان يَفعَلُ، ربما اغتَسَلَ فنامَ، وربما تَوَضأَ فنامَ. قال: قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ سَعَةً (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن الليث، إِلا أنَّه اختَصرَ الحديثَ فذكَر قِصَّةَ الغُسلِ دونَ ما قَبلَه (^٢).\n\n٩٨٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عَتابٍ العَبدِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِي، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا الليث بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَيسٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ: كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ في الجَنابَةِ، أَكانَ يَغتَسِلُ قبلَ أن يَنامَ، أَو يَنامُ قبلَ أن يَغتَسِلَ؟ قالَت: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَد كان يَفعَلُ، ربما اغتَسَلَ فنامَ، وربما تَوَضأَ فنامَ. قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ سَعَةً (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن الليث (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-275>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُريدُ النَّومَ فيأتِي ببَعضِ وُضوئه ثم يَنامُ</span>\n\n٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا [أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ] (^٥) بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٥٣)، وأبو داود (١٤٣٧)، والترمذي (٢٩٢٤) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (٤٧٧٢، ٤٨٩٩).\n(^٢) هو الحديث الآتي.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٧/ ٢٦).\n(^٥) في س: \"أبو عبد الله أحمد\".","vol":"2","page":117},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ [محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا] (^١) محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان إذا أَرادَ أن يَطعَمَ أَو يَنامَ وهو جُنُبٌ، غَسَلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ ومَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم طَعِمَ أَو نامَ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بِشرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرني نافِع، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ استَفتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: هَل يَنامُ أَحَدُنا وهو جُنُبٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، لِيتَوَضّأْ ثم ليَنَم حَتى يَغتَسِلَ إذا شاءَ\". قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ إذا أَرادَ أن يَنامَ وهو جُنُبٌ، صَبَّ على يَدَيه ماءً ثم غَسَلَ فرجَه بيَدِه الشِّمالِ، ثم غَسَلَ يَدَه التي غَسَلَ بها فرجَه، ثم تَمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ ونَضَحَ في عَينَيه وغَسَلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ ومَسَحَ برأسِه ثم نامَ، وإِذا أَرادَ أن يَطعَمَ شَيئًا وهو جُنُبٌ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ دونَ فِعلِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n[وفِعلُ ابنِ عمرَ] (^٥) وهو الرَّاوِي لِلخَبَرِ قَد يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ تَفسيرًا لِلوُضوءِ المَذكورِ في الخَبَرِ، إِلا أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قَد رَوَت عن النبي - ﷺ - أنَّه تَوَضأ وُضوءَه\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: د.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤٨، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦١٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٧). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٦/ ٢٤).\n(^٥) سقط من: س، ب، م.","vol":"2","page":118},{"text":"لِلصَّلاةِ، ووُضوءُ الصَّلاةِ يَشتَمِلُ على غَسلِ الرجلَينِ مَعَ سائرِ الأعضاءِ والله أَعلَمُ. والَّذِي رُوِي عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقَضَى حاجَتَه، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه ثم نامَ، لَيسَ يُريدُ به الوَطءَ وإِنَّما أَرادَ به الحَدَثَ، وسياقُ الحديثِ يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^١)، وسيَرِدُ (^٢) بتمامِه (^٣) إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-276>بابُ كَراهيَةِ نَومِ الجُنُبِ مِن غَيِر وُضوءٍ</span>\n\n٩٨٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إِملاءً وقراءةً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّباحِ الزَّعفرانيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عليِّ بنِ مُدرِكٍ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَيٍّ، عن أَبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَدخُلُ المَلائكَةُ بَيتًا فيه صورَةٌ ولا جُنُبٌ ولا كَلبٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٢٤، ٦٠٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سيأتي\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تمامه\".\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٢٧٩٠) وغيرها.\n(^٥) ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٣٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٢٧)، والنسائي (٢٦١)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٥٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٠٥) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألبانيُّ في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨، ٨٩٢).","vol":"2","page":119},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-277>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الذي رُوِيَ (^١) في الجُنُبِ يَنَامُ ولا يمسُّ ماءً</span>\n\n٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَنامُ وهو جُنُبٌ ولا يَمَسُّ ماءً (^٢).\n\n٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قالَ: سألتُ الأسوَدَ بنَ يَزيدَ، وكانَ لي جارًا وصَديقًا، عَمّا حَدَّثته عائشَةُ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقال (^٣): قالَت: كان يَنامُ أوَّلَ الليل ويُحيِي آخِرَه، ثم إِن كانَت له إلى أَهلِه حاجَةٌ قَضَى حاجَتَه، ثم يَنامُ قبلَ أن يَمسَّ ماءً، فإِذا كان عِندَ النِّداءِ الأوَّلِ قالَت: وثَبَ -فلا واللَّهِ ما قالَت: قامَ- وأَخَذَ الماءَ -\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ورد\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٥٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٥٥)، وأبو داود (٢٢٨)، والترمذي (١١٩) بنحوه، وابن ماجه (٥٨٣) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٥٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ب.","vol":"2","page":120},{"text":"ولا واللَّهِ ما قالَت: اغتَسَلَ. وأَنا أعلمُ ما تُريدُ- وإِن لم يَكُنْ له حاجَةٌ تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَ الرَّجُلِ لِلصَّلاةِ ثم صلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ دونَ قَولِه: قبلَ أن يمسَّ ماءً (^٢). وذاكَ لأنَّ الحُفّاظَ طَعَنوا في هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ وتَوَهَّموها مأخوذَةً عن غَيرِ الأسوَدِ، وأَنَّ أبا إسحاقَ ربما دَلَّسَ فرأوها (^٣) مِن تَدليساتِه. واحتَجّوا على ذَلِكَ برِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ عن الأسوَدِ بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ أبي إِسحاقَ.\n\n٩٩١ - أَمّا حَديثُ إبراهيمَ، فأَخبَرنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ أَنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان جُنُبًا فأَرادَ أن يَنامَ أَو يأكُلَ تَوَضّأَ (^٤). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٩٩٢ - وأَمّا حَديثُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ فأَخبَرناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٠٦)، والنسائي (١٦٣٩) من طريق زهير به. مقتصرًا على أوله.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٩).\n(^٣) في ب: \" فرواها\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٦)، والطيالسى (١٤٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٤٩)، والدارمى (٢١٢٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٤)، والنسائي (٢٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٥٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٥) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٤٢١٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٠٥/ ٢٢).","vol":"2","page":121},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضيلٍ، عن ابنِ (^١) إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أَبيه قال: سألتُ عائشةَ كَيفَ كان وُضوءُ النبي - ﷺ - إذا أَرادَ أن يَنامَ وهو جُنُبٌ؟ فقالَت: كان يَتَوَضأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ثم يَنامُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: [وحَديثُ] (^٣) أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِيِّ صَحيحٌ مِن جِهَةِ الرِّوايَةِ؛ وذَلِكَ أن أبا إسحاقَ بَيَّنَ فيه سَماعَه مِنَ الأسوَدِ في رِوايَةِ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ عنه، والمُدَلِّسُ إذا بَيَّنَ سَماعَه مِمَّن رَوَى عنه وكانَ ثِقَةً، فلا وجهَ لِرَدِّهِ.\nووَجهُه (^٤) الجَمعُ بَينَ الرِّوايَتَينِ على وجهٍ يَحْتَمِلُ. وقَد جَمَعَ بَينَهُما أبو العباسِ بنُ سُرَيجٍ (^٥) فأَحسَنَ الجَمعَ، وذَلِكَ فيما: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: سألتُ أبا الوَليدِ الفقيهَ فقُلتُ: أَنَّها الأُستاذُ، قَد صَحَّ عندَنا حَديثُ الثورِيِّ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَنامُ وهو جُنُبٌ ولا يَمسُّ ماءً (^٦). وكَذَلِكَ صَحَّ حَديثُ نافِعٍ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَيَنامُ أَحَدُنا وهو جُنُب؟ قال: \"نَعَم إذا تَوَضأَ\" (^٧). فقالَ لِي أبو الوَليدِة سألتُ أبا العباسِ بنَ سُرَيجٍ (٥) عن الحديثَينِ\n_________\n(^١) في د، م: \"أبي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٤٢)، والدارمى (٧٨٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في س، أ: \"وجدت بخط\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"وجه\".\n(^٥) في م: \"شريح\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٩٨٩).\n(^٧) تقدما في (٩٧٩، ٩٨٧).","vol":"2","page":122},{"text":"فقال: الحُكمُ لَهُما (^١) جَميعًا، أَمّا حَديثُ عائشةَ فإِنَّما أَرادَت أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَمَسُّ ماءً لِلغُسلِ، وأَمّا حَديثُ عمرَ فمُفَسَّرٌ، ذكَر فيه الوُضوءَ، وبِه نأخُذُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-278>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُريدُ الأكلَ</span>\n\n٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (^٢). وأَخبَرَنِي أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ -واللَّفظُ له- أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ ووَكيعٌ وغُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان جُنُبًا فأَرادَ أن يأكُلَ أَو يَنامَ تَوَضّأ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزهريُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أَرادَ أن يأكُلَ وهو جُنُبٌ غَسَلَ يَدَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بهما\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٧٥)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٥٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٥) من طريق وكيع به، وأحمد (٢٤٩٤٩) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٥/ ٢٢).\n(^٥) في س، م: \" يديه\". =","vol":"2","page":123},{"text":"٩٩٥ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّباحِ البَزَّازُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه وقال: غَسَلَ يَدَيهِ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: ورواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ، فجَعَلَ قِصَّةَ الأكلِ قَولَ عائشةَ مَقصورًا.\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه الليث بنُ سَعد عن الزُّهرِيِّ:\n\n٩٩٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ قتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ مَوهَبٍ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا أَرادَ أن يَنامَ وهو جُنُبٌ تَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ قبلَ أن يَنامَ. قالَت عائشَةُ: وإِذا أَرادَ أن يأكُلَ أَو يَشرَبَ يَغسِلُ يَدَيه ثم يأكُلُ ويَشرَبُ إِن شاءَ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ في هذا الإسنادِ غَيرُ هذا، وحَديثُ الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ أَصَحُّ.\n\n٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَطاء الخُراسانيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: قَدِمتُ على أَهلِي مِن سَفَرٍ فضَمَّخونِي بالزَّعفَرانِ (^٣)، فلَمّا أَصبَحتُ أَتَيتُ\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٧٢)، والنسائي (٢٥٦، ٢٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٨٣).\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢١٧) عن محمد بن الحسن بن قتيبة به، وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٨٢).\n(^٣) ضَمَخَه وضَمَّخه بالطيب: لطخه به. ينظر التاج ٧/ ٢٩٧ (ض م خ).","vol":"2","page":124},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يُرَحِّبْ (^١)، ولَم يَبَشَّ بي وقال: \"اذهَبْ فاغسِلْ هذا عَنكَ\". فغَسَلتُه عَنِّي فجِئتُه وقَد بَقِيَ عَلَيَّ مِنه شىَءٌ، فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يُرَحِّبُ بي ولَم يَبَشَّ بي وقال: \"اذهَبْ فاغسِلْ هذا عَنكَ\". فغَسَلتُه ثم أَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمتُ عليه فرَدَّ عليَّ السَّلامَ ورَحَّبَ بي قال: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ لا تَحضُرُ جِنازَةَ كافرِ بخَيرٍ ولا المُتَضَمِّخَ بالزَّعفَرانِ ولا الجُنبَ\" ورخص للجنب إذا أراد أن يأكل أو ينام أن يتوضأ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٨ - وأخبرنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داود السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا موسىَ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِلجُنُبِ إذا أَكَلَ أَو شَرِبَ أَو نامَ أن يَتَوَضّأَ. ولَم يَذكُرِ القَصةَ. وقال أبو داودَ: بَينَ يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ وعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ في هذا الحديثِ رجلٌ. قال: وقال عليٌّ وابنُ عمرَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو: الجُنُبُ إذا أَرادَ أن يأكُلَ تَوَضأ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-279>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُريدُ أن يَعودَ</span>\n\n٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٤) محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م، ونسختين من مسند الطيالسي: \"بي\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٦٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٨٦)، وأبو داود (٤١٧٦، ٤٦٠١)، والترمذي (٦١٣) مقتصرًا على موضع الشاهد، من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٥). وهو عنده برقم (٤١٧٦) بذكر القصة. وسيأتي في (٩٠٤٥).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أبو العباس،، وفي ب: \"أبو بكر\".","vol":"2","page":125},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا محاضرٌ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أَخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمد الكعبيُّ واللفظ له، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكر بن أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي المتوكل، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا أَتَى أَحَدُكُم أَهلَه مِنَ الليل ثم أراد أن يعود فليتَوَضّأْ بَينَهُما وُضوءًا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكر بن أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخدريُّ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أَرادَ أَحَدُكُمُ العَودَ فليتَوَضأْ فإنه أَنشَطُ لِلعَوْدِ\" (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنه أَمَرَ بالوُضوءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٢٢٧) عن محاضر به. وأبو داود (٢٢٠)، والترمذي (١٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٩) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وابن ماجه (٥٨٧) من طريق عاصم به. وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٨/ ٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢١١) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١١١٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٩) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠٤).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٧٥).","vol":"2","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-280>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَطوفُ على نِسائِه إذا حلَّلْنه أَو على إِمائِه بغُسلٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n١٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبي، أخبرَنا مِسكينُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أَنَسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَطوفُ على نِسائِه بغُسلٍ واحِدٍ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أَنَسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - طافَ على نِسائِه في لَيلَةٍ بغُسلٍ واحِدٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه قَتادَةُ عن أَنَسٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-281>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى: يَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كلِّ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n١٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٥٥) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٩/ ٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٦٧)، وأبو داود (٢١٨)، والنسائي (٢٦٣)، وابن حبان (١٢٠٦) من طريق ابن علية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٢).\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٤٢٠٢).","vol":"2","page":127},{"text":"بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زكريا، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عَمَّتِه سَلمَى، عن أبي رافِعٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - طافَ ذاتَ يَومٍ على نِسائِه يَغتَسِلُ عِندَ هَذِه وعِندَ هَذِه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَلا تَجعَلُه غُسلًا واحِدًا؟ قال: \"هذا أَزكَى وأَطيَبُ وأَطهَرُ\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: وحَديثُ أَنَسٍ أَصَحُّ مِن هَذا.\nوفِي رِوايَةِ أبي زكريا السَّيْلْحِينيِّ: طافَ على نِسائِه أَجمَعَ في لَيلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، يَغتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُنَّ غُسلًا، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، فهَلَّا غُسلًا واحدًا؟ قال: \"هذا أَطيَبُ وأَزكَى\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٢١٤)، وأبو داود (٢١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٣). وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠٧).","vol":"2","page":128},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-282>جماعُ أَبوابِ التَّيَمُّم</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-283>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ الرُّخصَةِ في التَّيَمُّم</span>\n\n١٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه، حدثنا [أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^١) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ أَنَّها قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أَسفارِه حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بالبَيداءِ أَو بذاتِ الجَيشِ (^٢) انقَطَعَ عِقدٌ لي، فأَقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على التِماسِه، وأَقامَ النّاسُ معه ولَيسوا على ماءٍ، ولَيسَ معهم ماءٌ، فأَتَى النّاسُ إلى أبي بكرٍ فقالوا: أَلا تَرَى ما صَنَعَت عائشَةُ! أَقامَت برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وبِالنّاسِ معه ولَيسوا على ماءٍ، ولَيسَ مَعَهُم ماءٌ. فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - واضِعٌ رأسه على فخِذِي قَد نامَ فقالَ: حَبَستِ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والنّاسَ (^٣) ولَيسوا على ماءٍ، ولَيسَ مَعَهُم ماءٌ؟!. قالَت: فعاتَبَنى أبو بكرٍ وقال ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ، وجَعَلَ يَطعُنُ بيَدِه على خاصِرَتى، فما يَمنَعُنى مِنَ التحَرُّكِ إِلا مَكانُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أبو العبَّاس\".\n(^٢) ذات الجيش: وقال بعضهم: أولات الجيش. موضع قرب المدينة، وهو واد بين ذى الحليفة وبرثان. ويعرف اليوم بالشلبية. معجم البلدان ٢/ ١٧٨، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١٣١.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"معه\".","vol":"2","page":129},{"text":"على فخِذِي، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أَصبَحَ على غَيرِ ماءٍ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ آيَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ فتَيَمَّموا. فقال أُسَيدُ بنُ الحُضَيرِ (^١): ما هِيَ بأَوَّلِ بَرَكَتِكُم يا آلَ أبي بَكرٍ. قالَت عائشَةُ: فبَعَثْنا البَعيرَ الذي كُنتُ عليه فوَجَدنا العِقدَ تَحتَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-284>بابُ كَيفَ التَّيَمُّم</span>\n\n١٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق الفقيهُ ويَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، قالَ أبو بكرٍ: أخبرَنا. وقالا: حدثنا، أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَني اللَّيثُ، حدَّثني جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنه سَمِعَه يقولُ: أَقبَلتُ أَنا وعَبدُ الله بنُ يَسارٍ (^٤) مَولَى مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبي - ﷺ - حَتَّى دَخَلنا على أبي الجُهَيمِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ الصمَّةِ فقال أبو الجُهَيمِ: أَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - من (^٥) نَحوِ بئرِ جَمَلٍ (^٦)، فلَقِيَه رجلٌ فسَلَّمَ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"وهو أحد النقباء\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٥٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٥٥)، والنسائي (٣٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٢)، وابن حبان (١٣٠٠). وسيأتي في (١٠٧٦) من طريق ابن أبي أويس عن مالك به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٣٤، ٣٦٧٢، ٤٦٠٧، ٥٢٥٠، ٦٨٤٤)، ومسلم (٣٦٧/ ١٠٨).\n(^٤) في س: \"بشار\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، ب، د.\n(^٦) قال ابن حجر: في قوله: من نحو بئر جمل. أى: من جهة الموضع الذي يعرف بذاك، وهو معروف بالمدينة، وهو بفتح الجيم والميم، وفي النسائي: بئر الجمل. وهو من العقيق. فتح البارى ١/ ٤٤٢.","vol":"2","page":130},{"text":"حَتَّى أَقبَلَ على الجِدارِ فمَسَحَ بوَجهِه ويَدَيه، ثم رَدَّ ﵇ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فقال: وقال الليث بنُ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدَّثَني اللَّيثُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إِلا أنَّه قال: فمَسَحَ بوَجهِه وذِراعَيه ثم رَدَّ ﵇ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبي الحوَيرِثِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ الصِّمَّةِ قال: مَرَرتُ على رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وهو يَبولُ فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى قامَ إلى جِدارٍ فحَتَّه بعَصًا كانَت معه، ثم وضَعَ يَدَيه على الجِدارِ فمَسَحَ وجهَه وذِراعَيه ثم رَدَّ عَلَيَّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٩)، والنسائي (٣١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٤) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٧٥٤١) من طريق الأعرج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٧)، ومسلم (٣٦٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٨)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) بعده في ب: \"السلام\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ٥١، والمصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٦). والبغوى في شرح السنة (٣١٠) عن أبي العباس محمد بن يعقوب به.\nقال ابن حجر في فتح البارى ١/ ٤٤٢: والثابت في حديث أبي جهيم أيضا بلفظ يديه لا ذراعيه =","vol":"2","page":131},{"text":"وَهَذا شاهِدٌ لِرِوايَةِ أبي صالِحٍ كاتِبِ اللَّيثِ، إِلا أن هذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجُ لم يَسمَعْه مِن ابنِ الصِّمَّةِ، إنَّما سَمِعَه مِن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ عن ابنِ الصِّمَّةِ. وإِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي يَحيَى الأسلَمِيُّ (^١) وأبو الحوَيرِثِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ (^٢) قَدِ اختَلَفَ الحُفّاظُ في عَدالَتِهما، إِلا أن لِرِوايَتِهما بذِكرِ الذِّراعَينِ فيه شاهِدًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأزدِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ العَبدِيُّ وكانَ صَدوقًا. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأزدِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا نافِعٌ قال: انطَلَقتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ في حاجَةٍ (^٤) إلى ابنِ عباسٍ، فلَمّا أن قَضَى حاجَتَه كان مِن حَديثِه يَومَئذٍ قال: بَينَما النبي - ﷺ - في سِكَّةٍ مِن سِكَكِ\n_________\n= فإنها رواية شاذة، مع ما في أبي الحويرث وأبى صالح من الضعف.\n(^١) هو إبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي يحيى الأسلمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٢٠، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٢٤، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢١٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٨٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ١٥٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٢: متروك.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"قال\". وهر عبد الرحمن بن معاوية الأنصارى، أبو الحويرث الزرقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٥٠، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢٨٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٤١٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٩١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٢٧٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٩٨: صدوق سيئ الحفظ.\n(^٣) زيادة من: س، م.\n(^٤) في س: \"حاجة لي\"، وفي م: \"حاجته\".","vol":"2","page":132},{"text":"المَدينَةِ وقَد خَرَجَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مِن غائطٍ أَو بَولٍ، فسَلَّمَ عليه رجل فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه، ثم إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - ضَرَبَ بكَفَيْه فمَسَحَ بوَجهِه مَسحَةً، ثم ضَرَبَ بكَفَّيه الثّانيَةَ فمَسَحَ ذِراعَيه إلى المِرفَقَين وقال: \"إنَّه لم يَمنَعْنِي أن أَرُدَّ عليك إِلا أَنِّي لم أَكُنْ على وُضوءٍ، أَو: على طَهارَةٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ. وقَد أَنكَرَ بَعضُ الحفَّاظِ رَفْعَ هذا الحديثِ على محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ العَبدِيِّ؛ فقَد رواه جَماعَة عن نافِعٍ مِن فِعلِ ابنِ عمرَ (^٢)، والَّذِي رواه غَيرُه عن نافِعٍ مِن فِعلِ ابنِ عمرَ إنَّما هو التَّيَمُّمُ فقَط، فأَمَّا هَذِه القَصَّةُ فهِيَ عن النبي - ﷺ - مَشهورَة برِوايَةِ أبي الجُهَيمِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ الصِّمَّةِ وغَيرِهِ. وثابِتٌ عن الضَّحّاك بنِ عثمانَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ أن رجلًا مرَّ ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَبولُ، فسَلَّمَ (^٣) فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه (^٤). إِلا أنَّه قَصَّرَ برِوايَتِه. ورواه (^٥) يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ عن نافِعٍ أَتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى، يَعنِي البُرُلُّسِيَّ، أخبرَنا حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، أن نافِعًا حدَّثه عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: أَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الغائِطِ، فلَقِيَه رجلٌ عِندَ بئرِ جَمَلٍ فسَلَّمَ عليه، فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٧ من طريق محمد بن ثابت به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤٦) من طريق الطيالسي ويحيى بن يحيى عن محمد بن ثابت.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٠١٢).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عليه\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٨٧).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"ورواية\".","vol":"2","page":133},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أَقبَلَ على الحائطِ، فوَضَع يَدَه على الحائطِ ثم مَسَحَ وجهَه ويَدَيه، ثم رَدَّ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - على الرَّجُلِ السلام (^١).\nفهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ شاهِدَةٌ لِرِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ العَبدِيِّ، إِلا أنَّه حَفِظَ فيها الذراعَينِ ولَم يُثبِتْها (^٢) غَيرُه، كما ساقَ هو وابنُ الهادِ الحديثَ بذِكرِ تَيَمُّمِه ثم رَدِّه جَوابَ السَّلامِ، وإِن كان الضَّخاكُ بنُ عثمانَ قَصَّرَ به، وفِعلُ ابنِ عمرَ التَّيَمُّمَ على الوَجهِ والذراعَينِ إلى المِرفَقَينِ شاهِدا لِصِحَّةِ رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ ثابِت غَيرُ مَنافٍ لَها.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الأُشنانيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيَّ يقولُ: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ قُلتُ: محمدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ العَبدِيُّ؟ قال: لَيس به بأْس (^٣). كَذا قال في رِوايَةِ الدارِمِي عنه، وهو في هذا الحديثِ غَيرُ مُستَحِقٍّ لِلنَّكيرِ (^٤) بالدَّلائلِ التي ذَكرتُها، وقَد رواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ عن محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ؛ مِثلُ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى ومُعَلَّى بنِ مَنصورٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِهِم (^٥)، وأَثنَى عليه مُسلِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٣١)، وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣١٦) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يحيى البرلسى به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٠).\n(^٢) في س: \"يثبتهما\".\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدارمى ص ٢١٦، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢١٥: وصح عن ابن معين تضعيفه.\n(^٤) في س: \"للتزكية\"، وفي م: \"للتنكير\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الجصاص في أحكام القرآن ٣/ ٣٣١ من طريق معلى بن منصور به. والعقيلى في الضعفاء =","vol":"2","page":134},{"text":"إبراهيمَ ورواه عنه (^١)، وهو عن ابنِ عمرَ مَشهورٌ.\n\n١٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العبديُّ (^٢)، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّه أَقبَلَ هو وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ مِنَ الجُرفِ حَتَّى إذا كانوا بالمِربَدِ (^٣) نَزَلَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ فتَيَمَّمَ صَعيدًا طَيِّبًا، فمَسَحَ بوَجهِه ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَين، ثم صَلَّى (^٤).\n\n١٠١١ - وبِإِسنادِه قالَ: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يَتَيَمَّمُ إلى المِرفَقَينِ (^٥).\n\n١٠١٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، أخبرني نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا الحسينُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ ويونُسُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: التَّيَمُّمُ ضَربَتانِ، ضَربَةٌ\n_________\n= الكبير ٤/ ٣٨ من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى.\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٠٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"البوشنجى\". وكلا النسبين صحيح. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٣) المربد: موضع على ميلين من المدينة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٨٤.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٥٦.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٥٦. ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨١.","vol":"2","page":135},{"text":"لِلوَجهِ، وضَربَةٌ لِلكَفَّينِ إلى المِرفَقَينِ (^١).\nورواه عليُّ بنُ ظَبيانَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ فرَفَعَه (^٢) وهو خَطأٌ، والصَوابُ بهَذا الَّلفظ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفٌ. وَرواه سليمانُ بنُ أبي داودَ الحَرّانيُّ عن سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). وَرواه سليمانُ بنُ أَرقَمَ التَّيمِيُّ عن الزَّهريِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أَبيه عن النبي - ﷺ - (^٤). وسُلَيمانُ بنُ أبي داودَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ أَرقَمَ ضَعيفانِ لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِهِما (^٥)، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مَعمَرٍ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سالِم عن ابنِ عمرَ مِن فِعلِهِ (^٦).\n\n١٠١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ بالُويَه قالا: حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عَزْرَةُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَ رجلٌ فقال: أَصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ وإنِّي تَمَعَّكتُ في التُّرابِ. فقال: اضرِبْ. فضَرَبَ بيَدَيه الأرضَ فمَسَحَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٣)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٧٩ من طريق علي بن ظبيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٦٠٨٨)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨١، والحاكم ١/ ١٨١ من طريق سليمان بن أبي داود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨١، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٩ من طريق سليمان بن أرقم به.\n(^٥) أما سليمان بن أبي داود الحرانى. فينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١١٥، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٣٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٠٦، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٩٠.\nوأما سليمان بن أرقم فتقدم عقب (٨٩٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٧)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٣٧)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٢ من طريق معمر به.","vol":"2","page":136},{"text":"وجهَه، ثم ضَرَبَ بيَدَيه فمَسَحَ بهِما يَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ (^١). كَذا قالَ، وإِسنادُه صَحيحٌ إِلا أنَّه لم يُبَيِّنِ الآمر له بذَلِكَ.\n\n١٠١٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ بالُويَه قالا: حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاق، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدٍ الأنماطيُّ، حدثنا حَرَمِيُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرٍ، عن النبي - ﷺ - قال: \"التيمم ضربةٌ للوجه وضربةٌ لليدين إلى المرفقين\" (^٢).\n\n١٠١٥ - وأَخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ القاضي، أخبرنا إبراهيم بن الحسين، حدثنا آدم بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا الربيع بنُ بَدرٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رجلٍ يُقالُ له: الأسلَعُ. قالَ: كُنتُ أَخدُمُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَتاه جِبريلُ بآيَةِ الصعيدِ (^٣)، فأَرانِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَيفَ المَسحُ لِلتَّيَمُّمِ، فضَرَبتُ بيَدَيَّ الأرضَ ضربَةً واحِدَةً فمَسَحتُ بهِما وجهِي، ثم ضرَبتُ بهِما الأرضَ فمَسَحتُ (^٤) يَدَيَّ إلى المِرفقَينِ (^٥). الرَّبيعُ بنُ بَدرٍ ضعيفٌ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وأبو نعيم في الصلاة (١٤٥). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٠. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨١ من طريق إبراهيم بن إسحاق به. وقال الدارقطني: رجاله كلهم ثقات والصواب موقوف.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"التيمم\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بهما\".\n(^٥) تفسير مجاهد ص ٣٠١. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١١٣، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٩، من طريق الربيع بن بدر به.\n(^٦) هو الربيع بن بدر بن عمرو التميمي السعدي، أبو العلاء البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء =","vol":"2","page":137},{"text":"إِلا أنَّه غَيرُ مُنفَرِدٍ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا هذا القَولَ مِنَ التابِعينَ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ الله (^٢) والحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ (^٣) والشَّعبِي (^٤) وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِي (٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-285>بابُ ذِكرِ الرِّواياتِ في كيفية التَّيَمُّمِ عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ - ﵁ </span>-\n\n١٠١٦ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: هَلَكَ عِقدٌ لِعائشَةَ مِن جَزْعِ ظَفارٍ (^٥) في سَفَرٍ مِن أَسفارِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، وعائشَةُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ السَّفَرِ، فالتَمَست عائشَةُ عِقدَها حَتَّى ابتَهَرَ (^٦) اللَّيلُ، فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n= الكبير ٢/ ٥٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٩٧، وتاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٤١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٦٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٤٣: متروك.\n(^١) بعده في م: \"به\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٨٥).\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٠٢٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٨٧).\n(^٥) في س: \"أظفار\". والجزع: الخرز اليمانى، وظفار: اسم مدينة لحمير باليمن. وقال ابن الأثير عن رواية: \"أظفار\": هكذا روى، وأريد به العطر -نوع من الطيب أسود، القطعة منه شبيهة بالظفر- كأنه يؤخذ ويثقب ويجعل في العقد والقلادة. النهاية ١/ ٢٦٩، ٣/ ١٥٨. وظفار معدودة اليوم من سلطنة عمان. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ١٠١.\n(^٦) ليس في: د، وفي ب: \"أبهر\"، وفي س، م: \"انتهى\"، وعند الطيالسي: \"انبهر\". قال ابن الأثير: \"سار حتى ابهارَّ الليل\" أي انتصف، وبهرة كل شئ وسطه. وقيل: ابهار الليل، إذا طلعت نجومه =","vol":"2","page":138},{"text":"فتَغَيَّظَ عَلَيها وقال: حَبَستِ الناسَ بمَكانٍ لَيسَ فيه ماء. قال: فأُنزِلَت (^١) آيَةُ الصَّعيدِ، فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ فقال: أَنتِ واللَّهِ يا بُنَيَّةُ ما عَلِمتُ مُبارَكَةٌ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّه: وكانَ عَمّار يُحَدِّثُ أن النّاسَ طَفِقوا يَومَئذٍ يَمسَحونَ بأَكُفِّهِمُ الأرضَ، فيَمسَحونَ وُجوهَهُم، ثم يَعودونَ فيَضرِبونَ ضَربَةً أُخرَى فيَمسَحونَ بها أَيديَهُم إلى المَناكِبِ والآباطِ ثم يُصَلّونَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِيُّ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ أَخِي الزَّهريِّ وجَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عَمّارٍ (^٣). وحَفِظَ فيه مَعمَر ويونُسُ ضَربَتَينِ كما حَفِظَهُما ابنُ أبي ذئبٍ.\nورواه مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ كما:\n\n١٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الحسينُ (^٤) بنُ عليِّ\n_________\n= واستنارت. والأول أكثر. النهاية ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^١) في م: \"فأنزل الله تعالى\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٦٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٨٨) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. منقطع؛ عبيد الله لم يسمع من عمار. ينظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٩١) من طريق معمر به. وأبو داود (٣١٨)، وابن ماجه (٥٧١) من طريق يونس به. وابن ماجه (٥٦٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\". وهو الشيخ الإمام المحدث، شيخ همذان، قال عبد الغافر: العدل الرئيس الحافظ. قال الذهبي: له رحلة واسعة ومعرفة حسنة. توفي سنة (٤١٦ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٥٩٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٣٥.","vol":"2","page":139},{"text":"ابنِ الحسنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ الكَعبِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ [عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُرْزَةَ] (^١)، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إِسماعيلَ بنِ حَمّادِ بنِ (^٢) زَيدٍ القاضي، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ أَسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهريِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّه أخبرَه عن أَبيه، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: تَمَسَّحْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - بالتُّرابِ فمَسَحنا وُجوهَنا وأَيديَنا إلى المَناكِبِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو أُوَيسٍ المدنيُّ عن الزُّهريِّ (^٤)، وأما سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ فإِنَّه شَكَّ في ذِكرِ أَبيه في إِسنادِه، ورواه مَرَّةً عن ابنِ دينارٍ عن الزُّهريِّ (^٥)، ومَرَّةً عن الزّهريِّ نَفسِهِ (^٦).\nورواه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ عن الزهرِيِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن عَمَّارٍ:\n\n١٠١٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثني أبي، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبي، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حدَّثني عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - عَرَّسَ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) في س، ب، م: \"عبيد الله بن بردة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ثنا\" خطأ. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٤) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٦٣١) من طريق أبي أويس به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٦٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٦١).\n(^٧) عرس: نزل للنوم والاستراحة، والتعريس: النزول لغير إقامة. معالم السنن ١/ ١٣٦.","vol":"2","page":140},{"text":"بأُولاتِ الجَيشِ (^١) ومَعَه عائشَةُ زَوجَتُه، فانقَطَعَ [عِقدٌ لها] (^٢) مِن جَزْعِ ظَفارٍ (^٣)، فحَبَسَ الناسَ ابتِغاءُ عِقدِها ذلِكَ، حَتَّى أَضاءَ الفَجرُ ولَيسَ مَعَ الناسِ ماءٌ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ تعالَى على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤) رُخصَةَ التَّطَهُّرِ بالصعيدِ الطَيِّبِ، فقامَ المُسلِمونَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فضرَبوا بأَيديهِمُ الأرضَ، ثم رَفَعوا أَيديَهُم ولَم يَقبِضوا مِنَ التُّرابِ شَيئًا، فمَسَحوا بها وُجوهَهُم وأَيديَهُم إلى المَناكِبِ، ومِن بُطونِ أَيديهِم إلى الآباطِ. قال ابنُ شهاب: ولا يَعتَبِرُ بهَذا النّاسُ، وبَلَغَنا أن أبا بكرٍ قال لعائشَةَ: واللهِ ما علِمتُ إنَّكِ لمبارَكَةٌ (^٥).\nورواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال فيه: ابنُ عباسٍ. وذكَر ضربَتَينِ كما ذكر ابن أبي ذِئبٍ ويونس (^٦).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبِيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: قال الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى في حَديثِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ هذا: إِن كان تَيَمُّمُهُم إلى المَناكِبِ بأَمرِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فهوَ مَنسوخٌ، لأنَ عَمّارًا أخبرَ أن هذا أَوَّلُ تَيَمُّمٍ كان حينَ نَزَلَت آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ، فكُلُّ تَيَمُّمٍ كان لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بَعدَه\n_________\n(^١) أولات الجيش هي ذات الجيش، وتقدم تعريفها في (١٠٠٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عقدها\".\n(^٣) في س: \"أظفار\". وينظر (١٠١٦).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"آية\".\n(^٥) أحمد (١٨٣٢٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٠)، والنسائي (٣١٣) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٦) أخرجه البزار (١٣٨٣)، وأبو يعلى (١٦٣٠) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"2","page":141},{"text":"فخالَفَه له وهو ناسِخٌ. قال الشافعيُّ: وروى عن عمَّار أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمره أن يُيَمِّمَ وجهَه وكَفَّيهِ (^١):\n\n١٠١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو القاسِمِ أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحُسينِ (^٢) الأسَدِيُّ بهَمْدانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقال: إِنِّي أَجنَبتُ فلَم أَجِدِ الماءَ. فقالَ عَمَّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: أَما تَذكُرُ أنا كُنا في سَفَرٍ فأَجنَبتُ أَنا وأَنتَ، فأما أَنتَ فلَم تُصلِّ، وأَمّا أَنا فتَمَعَّكتُ فصَلَّيتُ، فأَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ هَكَذا\". فضرَبَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بكَفَّيه الأرضَ فنَفَخَ فيهِما، ثم مَسَحَ بهِما وجهَه وكَفَيهِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ والنَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وذكَر سَماعَ الحَكَمِ لِلحَديثِ مِن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ نَفسِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٧)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعى ص ٤٩٦، ٤٩٧.\n(^٢) في ب، د: \"الحسن\". وفي حاشية ن: قلت: كذا وقع فيهما، وصوابه: عبد الرحمن بن الحسن مكبرا.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٢٦)، والنسائي (٣١٧)، وابن ماجه (٥٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٣٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٦٨/ ١١٢، ١١٣).","vol":"2","page":142},{"text":"١٠٢٠ - وقَد أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ قال: حدَّثني الحَكَمُ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن ابنٍ لِعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ -قال الحَكَمُ، ثم سَمِعتُه مِن ابنِ (^١) عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى بخُراسانَ- قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى عمرَ فقال: [إنَّه أَجنَبَ] (^٢) فلَم يَجِدِ الماءَ. فقال له عَمّارٌ: أَما تَذكُرُ أنّا كُنا في سَريةٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فأَجنَبتُ أَنا وأَنتَ، فأما أَنتَ فلَم تُصَلِّ، وأما أَنا فتَمَعَّكتُ في التُّرابِ ثم صلَّيتُ، فأَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقال: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ هَكَذَا\". ثم ضَرَبَ (^٣) بيده إلى الأرضِ ثم نَفَخَ فيهِما، ومَسَحَ وجهَه وكَفَّيه ثم (^٤) لم يُجاوِزِ الكوعَ (^٥)؟\nورواه سلمةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ عن ذَرِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُرهَبِيِّ، إِلا أنَّه شَكَّ في مَتنِه واضطَرَبَ فيهِ:\n\n١٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه، أن رجلًا أَتَى عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ فقال: إِنِّي كُنتُ في سَفَرٍ فأَجنَبتُ فلَم أَجِدِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: د.\n(^٢) في د: \"إنى أنجبت\".\n(^٣) في م: \"بيديه\".\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في المتفق والمفترق ٣/ ١٤٩٢ من طريق أبي العباس الأصم به.","vol":"2","page":143},{"text":"الماءَ. فقال له عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: لا تُصَلِّ. فقال عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أَما تَذكُرُ إِذ كُنتُ أَنا وأَنتَ في سَريَّةٍ فأَجنَبنا (^١) فلَم نُصِبِ (^٢) الماءَ، فأَمّا أَنتَ فلَم تُصَلِّ وأمَّا أَنا فتَمَعَّكتُ في التُّرابِ، فأتَينا رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ له فقال: \"يا عَمَّارُ (^٣)، إنما كان يَكفيكَ أن تَقولَ هَكَذا\". وضَرَبَ بيَدَيه (^٤) إلى (^٥) الأرضِ ثم نَفَخَ فيهِما فمَسَحَ وجهَه ويَدَيهِ. قال سلمةُ: لا أَدرِي بَلَغَ الذِّراعَينِ أَم لا؟ قال: فقال عُمَرُ: اتَّقِ الله. فقال عَمّارٌ: إِن شِئتَ يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ لِما جَعَلَ الله لَكَ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الحَقِّ ألا أُحَدِّثَ بهِ. فقال له عُمَرُ: بَل نوَلِّيكَ مِن ذَلِكَ ما تَوَلَّيتَ.\n\n١٠٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ذَرًّا يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى. فذكَره. قال شُعبَةُ: ثم شَكَّ سلمةُ فلَم يَدرِ إلى الكَفَّينِ أَو إلى المِرفَقَينِ (^٦). رواه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ عن سلمةَ هَكَذا وقال: لا أَدرِي فيه [المِرفَقَينِ، يَعنِي أَو إلى الكَفَّينِ] (^٧) (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فأجنبت أنا وأنت\".\n(^٢) في ب: \"نجد\".\n(^٣) في س.\"عمر\".\n(^٤) في س: \"بيده\".\n(^٥) في م: \"على\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٣)، والطيالسى (٦٧٤). صحيح. وانظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٧) في س: \" إلى المرفقين يعني أو الكفين\".\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٣٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢٤)، والنسائي (٣١٠) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.","vol":"2","page":144},{"text":"١٠٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدَّثَني شُعبَةُ بإِسنادِه بهَذا الحديثِ قال: ثم نَفَخَ فيها (^١)، ومَسَحَ بها (^٢) وجهَه وكَفَّيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ أَوِ الذِّراعَينِ. قال شُعبَةُ: كان سلمةُ يقولُ: الكَفَّينِ والوَجهَ والذِّراعَينِ. فقال له مَنصورٌ ذاتَ يَومٍ: انظُرْ ما تَقولُ فإِنَّه لا يَذكُرُ الذراعَينِ غَيرُكَ (^٣).\nرواه سلمةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ عن أبي مالكٍ حَبيبِ بنِ صُهبانَ الكاهِلِيِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ:\n\n١٠٢٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن سلمةَ، عن أبي مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عُمَرَ. فذكَر الحديثَ. وقالَ عَمَّارٌ: فأَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقال: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ أن تَقولَ هذا\". وضَرَبَ [بيَدَيه إلى الأرضِ ثم نَفَخَهُما ثم مَسَحَ بهِما] (^٤) وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى نِصفِ الذِّراعِ (^٥).\nورواه حُصينُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبي مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمّارًا يَخطُبُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فيهما\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بهما\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٢٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٦) وانظر التعليق على الحديث التالي.\n(^٤) في م: \"بيده إلى الأرض ثم نفخها ثم مسح بها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٢) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٨٨٨٢)، والنسائي (٣١٥) من طريق سفيان به. قال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٣): صحيح إلا قوله \"إلى نصف الذراع\" فإنه شاذ.","vol":"2","page":145},{"text":"فذكَر التَّيَمُّمَ، فضَرَبَ بكَفَّيه الأرضَ فمَسَحَ بهِما وجهَه وكَفَّيهِ (^١). ورَفَعَه إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن حُصَينٍ (^٢). ورواه الأعمَشُ مَرَّةً عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى (^٣)، ومَرَّةً عن سلمةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أَبيه (^٤)، وقال مَرَّةً مَتنِه: ثم مَسَحَ وجهَه والذراعَينِ إلى نِصفِ السّاعِدِ ولَم يَبلُغِ المِرفَقَينِ (^٥).\n\n١٠٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه، عن عَمَّارٍ أنه قال: سألتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن التَّيَمُّمِ، فأَمَرَني بالوَجهِ والكَفَّينِ ضَربَةً واحِدَةً. وكانَ قَتادَةُ يُفتِي به (^٦). وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٧)، ورواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ عَزرَةَ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم الفضل بن دكين في الصلاة (١٥٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٤٦)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٤ من طريق حصين بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٣ من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣) من طريق الأعمش به. قال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٤): صحيح دون ذكر الذراعين والمرفقين.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٩) من طريق الأعمش.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣).\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٤)، والمعرفة (٣٢٥). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١١٢ من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به.\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٧)، والترمذي (١٤٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٦) من طريق يزيد بن زريع عن ابن أبي عروبة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧) من طريق ابن علية عن=","vol":"2","page":146},{"text":"إِسنادِه. وكَذَلِكَ رواه أَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ عن قَتادَة، واختُلِفَ عليه في ذِكرِ عَزرَةَ في إِسنادِهِ (^١). وقيل عن أَبانٍ عن قَتادَةَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ: إلى المِرفَقَينِ:\n\n١٠٢٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا أَبان قال: سُئِلَ قَتادَةُ عن التَّيَمُّمِ في السَّفَرِ، فقال: حدَّثَني مُحَدِّث عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"إلى المِرفَقَينِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضيانِ الحسينُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ وأبو عمرَ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هانئٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا أَبان قال: سُئلَ قَتادَةُ عن التَّيَمُّمِ في السَّفَرِ فقال (^٣): كان ابنُ عمرَ يقولُ: إلى المِرفَقَينِ. وكانَ الحسنُ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ يَقولانِ: إلى المِرفَقَينِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِي مُحَدِّث عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إلى المِرفَقَينِ\" (^٤). قال أبو إسحاقَ: فذَكَرتُه لأحمَدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ فعَجِبَ مِنه وقال: ما أَحسَنَه (^٥).\n_________\n= ابن أبي عروبة به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣١٩) من طريق أبان بذكر عزرة. والدارمي (٧٧٢) من طريق أبان بدون ذكر عزرة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٦)، وأبو داود (٣٢٨). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٢): منكر.\n(^٣) بعده في د: \"عن الشعبى\".\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"قال إلى المرفقين قال إلى المرفقين\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٢.","vol":"2","page":147},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هذا الاختِلافُ في مَتنِ حَديثِ ابنِ أَبزَى عن عَمّارٍ إنَّما وقَعَ أَكثَرُه مِن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ لِشَكٍّ وقَعَ له، والحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ فقيهٌ حافِظٌ قَد رواه عن ذَرِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، ثم سَمِعَه مِن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، فساقَ الحديثَ على الإثباتِ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ فيه، وحَديثُ قَتادَةَ عن عَزرَةَ يُوافِقُه، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ حُصَينٍ عن أبي مالكٍ، وأَمّا حَديثُ قَتادَةَ عن مُحَدِّثٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ، فهوَ مُنقَطِعٌ، لا يُعلَمُ مِنَ الذي حدَّثه فيُنظَرَ فيهِ. وقَد ثَبَتَ الحديثُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ لا يَشُكُّ حَديثِيٌّ في صِحَّةِ إِسنادِه:\n\n١٠٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّاغانيُّ في جُمادَى الأُولَى سنةَ ثَمانٍ وسِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّه وأَبِي موسَى فقال أبو موسَى: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، الرَّجُلُ يُجنِبُ فلا يَجِدُ الماءَ، يُصلِّي؟ قال: لا. قال: أَلَم تَسمَعْ قَولَ عَمَّارٍ لِعُمَرَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَنِي أَنا وأَنتَ فأَجنَبتُ فتَمَعَّكتُ بالصَّعيدِ، فأَتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرْناه فقال: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ هَكَذا\". ومَسَحَ وجهه وكفيه واحدةً؟ فقال: إِنِّي لم أَرَ عمرَ قَنِعَ بذَلِكَ. قال: قُلتُ: فكَيفَ تَصنَعونَ بهَذِه الآيَةِ: \" ﴿فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. قال: إنا لَو رَخَّصنا لَهُم في هذا كان أَحَدُهُم إذا وجَدَ الماءَ البارِدَ تَمَسَّحَ بالصَّعيدِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فقُلتُ لِشَقيقٍ: فما كَرِهَه إِلا لِهَذا (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٣٤)، وابن حبان (١٣٠٤، ١٣٠٧) من طريق=","vol":"2","page":148},{"text":"أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١)، وأَشارَ البخاريُّ إلى رِوايَةِ يَعلَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ، وهو أَثبَتُهُم سياقَةً لِلحَديثِ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: قال الشافعيُّ في حَديثِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ: لا يَجوزُ على عَمّارٍ إذا كان تَيَمَّمَ مَعَ النبي - ﷺ - عِندَ نُزولِ الآيَةِ إلى المَناكِبِ عن أَمرِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إِلا أنَّه مَنسوخٌ؛ إِذ رَوَى أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بالتَّيَمُّمِ على الوَجهِ والكَفَّينِ، أَو يَكونُ لم يَروِ عنه إِلا تيَمُّمًا واحِدًا فاختلَفَت رِوايَتُه عنه، فتَكونُ رِوايَةُ ابنِ الصِّمَّةِ التي لم تَختَلِفْ أَثبَتَ، وإِذا لم تَختَلِفْ فأَولَى أن يُؤخَذَ بها، لأنَّها أَوفَقُ لِكِتابِ اللَّه تعالَى مِنَ الرِّوايَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ رُوِيَتا مُختَلِفَتَينِ، أَو يَكونُ إنَّما سَمِعوا آيَةَ التيمُّم عِندَ حُضورِ صلاةٍ فتَيَمَّموا فاحتاطوا فأَتَوا على غايَةِ ما يَقَعُ عليه اسمُ اليَدِ؛ لأنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَضُرُّهُم كما لا يَضُرُّهُم لَو فعَلوه في الوُضوءِ، فلَمّا صاروا إلى مَسأَلَةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أخبرَهُم أنَّه يَجزيهِم مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ أَقَلُّ ما فعَلوه، وهَذا أَولَى المَعاني عِندِي لِرِوايَةِ (^٢) ابنِ شِهابٍ مِن حَديثِ عَمَّارٍ بما وصَفتُ مِنَ الدَّلائلِ. قال الشافعيُّ: وإِنَّما مَنَعَنا أن نأخُذَ برِوايَةِ عَمَّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ في أن تَيَمُّمَ الوَجهِ والكَفَّينِ بثُبوتِ الخَبَرِ عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، أنَّه مَسَحَ وجهَه وذِراعَيهِ، وأَنَّ هذا أَشبَهُ بالقُرآنِ وأَشبَهُ بالقياسِ؛ فإِنَّ البَدَلَ مِنَ الشئ إنَّما يَكونُ مِثلَه (^٣).\n_________\n= يعلى بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٣٢١)، والنسائيُّ (٣١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) البخاري (٣٤٧)، ومسلم (٣٦٨/ ١١٠).\n(^٢) في ب، د: \"برواية\".\n(^٣) اختلاف الحديث ص ٤٩٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٧) إلى قوله: بما وصفت من الدلائل.","vol":"2","page":149},{"text":"ورَوَى الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزعفرانيُّ عن الشافعي حَديثَ ابنِ عمرَ في التَّيَمُّمِ ضَربَةٌ لِلوَجه وضَربَةٌ لِليَدَينِ إلى المِرفَقَينِ. ثم قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه يَعني الشافِعِيَّ: وبِهَذا رأَيتُ أَصحابَنا يأخُذونَ، وقَد روِي فيه شَيءٌ عن النبي - ﷺ -، ولَو أَعلَمُه ثابِتًا لم أَعْدُه ولَم أَشُكَّ فيه، وقَد قال عَمَّارٌ: تَيَمَّمنا مَعَ النبي - ﷺ - إلى المَناكِبِ. ورُوِي عنه عن النبي - ﷺ -: الوَجهَ والكَفينِ. وكأنَّ قَولَه: تَيَمَّمنا مَعَ النبي - ﷺ - إلى المَناكِبِ. لم يَكُنْ عن أَمرِ النبي - ﷺ -، فإِن ثَبَتَ عن عَمّارٍ عن النبي - ﷺ -: الوَجهَ والكَفَّينِ. ولَم يَثبُتْ عن النبي - ﷺ -: إلى المِرفَقَينِ. فما ثَبَتَ عن النبي - ﷺ - أَولَى، وبِهَذا كان [يُفتِي سَعيدُ] (^١) بنُ سالِمٍ.\nفكأنَّه في القَديمِ شَكَّ في ثُبوتِ الحديثَينِ؛ لِما ذَكَرنا في كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما، ومَسْحُ الوَجهِ والكَفينِ في حَديثِ عَمَّارٍ ثابِتٌ، وهو أَثبَتُ مِن حَديثِ مَسْحِ الذِّراعَينِ، إِلا أن حَديثَ مَسْحِ الذِّراعَينِ أَيضًا جَيِّدٌ بالشواهِدِ التي ذَكَرناها، وهي (^٢) في قِصَّةٍ أُخرَى، فإِن كان حَديثُ عَمّارٍ في ابتِداءِ التَّيَمُّمِ حَيثُ نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ ورَجَعوا إلى النبي - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَهُم أنَّه يَجزيهِم مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ أَقَل مِمَّا فعَلوا، فحَديثُ مَسحِ الذِّراعَينِ بَعدَه، فهوَ أَولَى بأَن يُتَّبَعَ، وهو أَشبَهُ بالكِتابِ والقياسِ، وهو فِعلُ ابنِ عمرَ صَحيحٌ عنه.\nوقَد رُوِي عن علي وابنِ عباسٍ مَسحُ الوَجهِ والكَفَّينِ، وروِي عن علي بخِلافِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يقول سعد\"، وفي م: \"يفتي سعد\". وهو سعيد بن سالم أبو عثمان المكى القداح. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٣١٩.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"هو\".","vol":"2","page":150},{"text":"١٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي أَيّوبَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، أن عَليًّا وابنَ عباسٍ كانا يَقولانَ في التَّيَمُّمِ: الوَجهَ والكَفَّينِ. ورُوِي عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٠٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ علي، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ الحَربِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ وشُجاعٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن بَعضِ أَصحابِ عليٍّ، عن عليٍّ قال: ضربَتانِ، ضربَة لِلوَجه وضربَة لِلذِّراعَينِ (^٢). وكِلاهُما عن عليٍّ مُنقَطِع.\nوقَد حَكاه الشافعيُّ في كِتابِ \"علي وعبد اللَّه\" بَلاغًا عن هُشَيمٍ عن خالِدٍ عن أبي إسحاقَ، أن عَليًّا قال في التَّيَمُّمِ: ضربَة لِلوَجه وضربَة لِلكَفَّينِ (^٣).\nوالاحتياطُ مَسحُ الوَجهِ ومَسحُ اليَدَينِ إلى المِرفَقَينِ خُروجًا مِنَ الخِلافِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-286>بابُ التَّيَمُّمِ بالصَّعيدِ الطّيبِ</span>\n\n١٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحارثى\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٩)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٦٣.","vol":"2","page":151},{"text":"يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ. قال أبو النَّضرِ: وحَدَّثَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا سَيَّارٌ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"أُعطيتُ خَمسًا لم يُعطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبلِي؛ نُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ مَسيرَةَ شَهرٍ، وجُعِلَت لِيَ الأرضُ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، فأَيُّما رجلٍ مِن أُمّتِي أدركته الصلاةُ فليُصَلِّ، وأُحِلِّت لِيَ الغَنائمُ ولَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قَبلِي، وأُعطيتُ الشَّفاعَةَ، وكانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - إلى قَومِه خاصَّةً وبُعِثتُ إلى الناس عامَّةً\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ وغيرِه، عن هشيمٍ (^٢)، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وقال في الحديثِ: \"وجُعِلَت على الأرضُ طَيِّبَةً طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيىَ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -. فذكَره بمَعناه، وذكَر هذه اللَّفظَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٧٤)، وعنه عبد بن حميد (١١٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٦٤)، والدارمى (١٤٢٩)، والنسائي (٤٣٠، ٧٣٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٤٧٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن علي الذهلى به. وسيأتي في (٣٨٥٠).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":152},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِي ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ يَعنى التَّيمِيُّ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"فُضِّلتُ بأَربَعٍ: جُعِلَتِ [الأرضُ لأمتي] (^١) مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، فأَيُّما رجل مِن أُمَّتِي أَتَى الصلاةَ فلَم يَجِدْ ماءً وجَدَ الأرضَ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، وأُرسِلْتُ إلى النّاسِ كافَّةً، ونُصِرتُ بالرّعبِ مِن مَسيرَةِ شَهرٍ يَسيرُ بَينَ يَدَيَّ، وأُحِلَّت لأمتى (^٢) الغَنائمُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا ابنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجْدانَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الصَّعيدَ الطَّيِّبَ وَضوءُ المُسلِمِ ولَو عَشرَ حِجَجٍ، فإِذا وجَدَ الماءَ فليَمَسَّ بَشَرَتَه؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ خيرٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ هِشامٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ بَكارٍ قالا: حدثنا مَخلَدٌ وهو ابنُ يَزيدَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أَيّوبَ السختياني وخالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجْدانَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"الصَّعيدُ الطَّيِّبُ وَضوءُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لي الأرض\".\n(^٢) في م: \"لي\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٠٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به، والترمذي (١٥٥٣) من طريق سليمان التيمى به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٢، ٤٣٢٤). قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٨/ ٢٥٩: \"رجال أحمد ثقات\". وصحح إسناده ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٢، ٨٨٦) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.","vol":"2","page":153},{"text":"المُسلِمِ وإن لم يَجِدِ الماءَ عَشرَ سِنينَ\" (^١). تفَرَّدَ به مخلَدٌ هكذا، وغَيرُه يَرويه عن الثَّورِيُّ عن أَيوبَ السختياني عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن رجلٍ عن أبي ذَرٍّ. وعَن خالِدٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ عن أبي ذَرٍّ كما رواه سائرُ النّاسِ (^٢). ورُوِي عن قَبيصَةَ، عن الثورِيِّ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مِحجَنٍ أَو أبي مِحجَنٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ (^٣).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-287> بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن الصَّعيدَ الطّيِّبَ هو التُّرابُ</span>\n\n١٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِي، عن رِبعِيِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"فُضِّلتُ على الناسِ بثَلاث: جُعِلَت صُفوفُنا كَصُفوفِ المَلائكَةِ، وجُعِلَت لَنا الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجِدًا، وجُعِلَت تُربَتُها لَنا طَهورًا\". وذكَر خَصلَةً أُخرَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"حجج\".\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي (٣٢١) عن عمرو بن هشام عن مخلد عن سفيان عن أيوب وحده به. وابن حبان (١٣١٣)، من طريق مخلد به. وأحمد (٢١٥٦٨)، والترمذي (١٢٤) من طريق سفيان عن خالد الحذاء به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم (٨٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣١٧، والبزار (٣٩٧٤)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٧ من طريق قبيصة به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٨٢٣، ٣٢١٨١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤)، وابن حبان (٦٤٠٠) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وأحمد (٢٣٢٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣) من طريق=","vol":"2","page":154},{"text":"رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وزادَ في الحديثِ: \"إذا لم نَجِدِ الماءَ\" (^١).\nورواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن أبي مالكٍ فقال: \"وجُعِلَ تُرابُها لنا طَهورًا\":\n\n١٠٣٧ - وقد أخبرنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي مالكٍ، عن رِبعِي بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فُضِّلنا على النّاسِ بثَلاثٍ؛ جُعِلَت صُفوفُنا كَصُفوفِ المَلائكَةِ، وجُعِلَتِ الأرضُ لَنا مَسجِدًا وجُعِلَ تُرابُها طَهورًا، وأُعطيتُ هَذِه الآيَةَ (^٢) مِن آخِرِ سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" مِن بَيتِ كَنزٍ تَحتَ العَرشِ لم يُعطَ أَحَدٌ مِنه قَبلِي، ولا يُعطَى أَحَدٌ مِنه بَعدِي\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي كامِلٍ، وحَديثُ عفانَ بمَعناه وقال: \"وجُعِلَ تُرابُها لَنا طَهورًا\".\n\n١٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n= أبي مالك به.\n(^١) مسلم (٥٢٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"الآيات\".\n(^٣) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٤٧٤، ٤٧٥. وأخرجه الطيالسي (٤١٨)، والنسائيُّ في الكبرى (٨٠٢٢) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وابن حبان (١٦٩٧) من طريق أبي مالك به.","vol":"2","page":155},{"text":"ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، أنَّه سمِع عَلِيَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أُعطيتُ ما لم يُعطَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الأنبياءِ\". فقلنا: ما هو يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ فقالَ: \"نُصِرتُ بالرعبِ، وأُعطيتُ مَفاتيحَ الأرضِ، وسُمّيتُ أحمدَ، وجُعِلَ لِي التُّرابُ طَهورًا، وجُعِلَت أُمَّتِي خَيرَ الأُمَمِ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن قابوسَ، عن أَبيه، عن ابنِ عباس قالَ: أَطيَبُ الصَّعيدِ أَرضُ الحَرثِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ المَلِكِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ بصورَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الحَلَبِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ إِدريسَ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبي ظَبيانَ، عن أَبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: الصَّعيدُ الحَرثُ حَرثُ الأرضِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-288>بابُ نَفضِ اليَدَينِ مِنَ التُّرابِ عِندَ التَّيَمُّم إذا بَقِيَ في يَدَيه غُبار يُماسُّ الوَجهَ كُلَّه</span>\n\n١٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٤٧٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٦٣) من طريق زهير به. وحسنه الهيثمى في المجمع ١/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١٣) عن جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٩٦٢ (٥٣٧٤) من طريق ابن إدريس به بلفظ: إن أطيب الصعيد أرض الحرث. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٢٢: قابوس لين.","vol":"2","page":156},{"text":"حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، سمِع ذَرَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه قال: أَتَى رجلٌ عمرَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وقال فيه: عن عمَّارٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما كان يُجزِئُكَ\". وضَرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه الأرضَ إلى التُّرابِ، ثم قال هَكَذا، فنَفَخَ فيها ومَسَحَ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى المَفْصِلِ، ولَيسَ فيه الذِّراعانِ (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-289>بابُ مَن لم يَجِد ماءً ولا تُرابًا</span>\n\n١٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٣) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَني أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّها استَعارَت قِلادَةً مِن أَسماءَ فهَلَكَت، فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ناسًا مِن أَصحابِه في طَلَبِها، فأَدرَكَتهُمُ الصلاةُ فصَلَّوا بغَيرِ وُضوءٍ، فلَمّا أَتَوُا النبيَّ - ﷺ - شَكَوا ذَلِكَ إِلَيه، فنَزَلَت آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ، فقال أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضَيرٍ: جَزاكِ اللَّهُ خَيرًا، فواللَّهِ ما نَزَلَ بكِ أَمرٌ قَطُّ إِلا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكِ مِنه مَخرَجًا، وجَعَلَ لِلمسلِمينَ فيه بَرَكَةً (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٦٧٣). وتقدم في (١٠١٩، ١٠٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٠ - ٣٤٣)، ومسلم (٣٦٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦١) - وعنه ابن حبان (١٧٠٩) - عن أبي كريب به. وابن ماجه (٥٦٨) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٧)، والنسائي (٣٢٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"2","page":157},{"text":"ابنِ إِسماعيلَ، عن أبي أُسامَةَ، ورواه مسلم عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^١).\nفهَؤُلاءِ الصَّحابَةُ - ﵃ - حينَ عَدِموا ما (^٢) جُعِلَ طَهورًا لَهُم صَلَّوا بحَقِّ الوَقتِ، وشَكَوا ذَلِكَ إلى النبي - ﷺ - فلَم يُنكِرْه، كَذَلِكَ غَيرُهُم إذا عَدِموا الماءَ والتُّرابَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمد بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن يَزيدَ يَعنِي ابنَ الهادِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما نَهَيتُكُم عنه فاجتَنِبوه، وما أَمَرتُكُم به فافعَلوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم، فإِنّما أَهلَكَ الَّذين مِن قَبلِكُم كثرةُ مَسائلِهِم واختِلافُهُم على أَنبيائهِم\" (^٤). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي خَلَفٍ عن أبي سَلَمَةَ (^٥).\nومُقتَضَى (^٦) مَذهَبِ عمرَ وابنِ مَسعود فيمَن لم يَجِدْ ماءً ولا تُرابًا ألا يُصلِّيَ؛ فإِنَّهُما لم يَرَيا لِلجُنُبِ طَهورًا إِلا الماءَ، فإِذا لم يَجِدْه قالا: لا يُصلِّي.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٧٧٣، ٥١٦٤)، ومسلم (٣٦٧/ ١٠٩).\n(^٢) في م: \"ماء\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٣٣٧/ ١٣٠) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٣٧/ ...).\n(^٦) بعده في س: \"هذا الحديث\".","vol":"2","page":158},{"text":"١٠٤٤ - وكَذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرَ (^١) أبو الحسينِ يَعنِي الجُرجانِيَّ، حدثنا بِشر يَعنِي ابنَ خالِدٍ الفارِضَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سليمانَ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: قال أبو موسَى لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ: إِن لم يَجِدِ الماءَ لا يُصَلِّي؟ فقال عبدُ اللَّهِ: نَعَم إِن لم أَجِدِ الماءَ شَهرًا لم أُصلِّ، لَو رَخَّصتُ لَهُم في هذا، كان إذا وجَدَ أَحَدُهُمُ البَردَ قال هَكَذا -يَعنِي التَّيَمُّمَ- وصَلَّى. قُلتُ: فأَينَ قَولُ عَمّارٍ لِعُمَرَ؟ قال: إِنِّي لم أَرَ عمرَ قَنِعَ بقَولِ عَمّارٍ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بِشرِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-290>بابُ النِّيَّةِ في التَّيَمُّمِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَمَّلِيُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ الواشِحِيُّ (^٥) أبو أَيّوبَ، حدثّنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ [بنِ أبي عليٍّ] (^٦) الحافظ المِهرَجانيُّ وأبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٣٠) عن محمد بن جعفر به، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٢٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٤٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"المزكى\". وقد تقدمت ترجمته في (٤٩٥).\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٣٣٠.\n(^٦) ليس في: م.","vol":"2","page":159},{"text":"المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاق، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيد، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقَّاصٍ اللَّيثيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أَيها النَّاسُ، إنما الأعمالُ بالنِّيَّةِ (^١)، وإنَّما لامرِيءٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى الله ورسوله، فهِجرَتُه إلى اللَّهِ ورسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى دُنيا يُصيبُها أَوِ امرأةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها، فهِجرَتُه إلى ما هاجَرَ إِلَيه\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلم عن أبي الرَّبيع (^٣)، لَيسَ في حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ: \"أَيها الناسُ\". والباقِي سَواءٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-291>بابُ البِدايَةِ بالوَجهِ ثم باليَدَينِ</span>\nقال الله تعالَى: ﴿فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٦].\n\n١٠٤٦ - [أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثابِت العَبدِيُّ. و] (^٤) أَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيىَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يَعنِي\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالنيات\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩) عن أبي الحسن به. وتقدم في (١٨٤، ١٨٥)، وسيأتي في (١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥، ٨١٨٨، ٩٠٦٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٩٨)، ومسلم (١٩٠٧).\n(^٤) سقط من: س، ب.","vol":"2","page":160},{"text":"العَبدِيَّ، عن نافِعٍ قال: انطَلَقتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ في حاجَةٍ لابنِ عمرَ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ، فقَضَى ابنُ عمرَ حاجَتَه مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ، فكانَ مِن حَديثِه يَومَئذٍ أن قال: مَرَّ رجلٌ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سِكَّةٍ مِنَ السِّكَكِ وقَد خَرَجَ مِن غائطٍ أَو مِن بَولٍ، فسَلَّمَ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ ﵇، حَتَّى إذا كادَ الرَّجُلُ أن يَتَوارَى مِنَ السِّكَّةِ، ضَرَبَ بيَدَيه على الحائطِ فمَسَحَ وجهَه، ثم ضَرَبَ بيَدَيه ضَربَةً أُخرَى فمَسَحَ ذِراعَيه، ثم رَدَّ على الرَّجُلِ السلام وقال: \"إنَّه لم يَمنَعْنِي أن أَرُدّ عَلَيكَ السلام إِلا أَنِّي لم أَكُنْ على طُهرٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وهو أَتَّمُهُما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-292>بابُ استِحبابِ البِدايَةِ باليُمنَى ثم باليُسرَى</span>\n\n١٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٢) أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ (^٣) الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، قالَ: أخبرني أَشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبي، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعجِبُه التَّيَمُّنُ في تَنَعُّلِه وتَرَجُّلِه وطُهورِه وفِي شأنِه كُلِّهِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَوضِي، وحَديثُ بشرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٩٦٢). قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٢٥: قال أحمد: هذا حديث منكر. وتقدم في (١٠٠٨).\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"بن\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٤٠) عن أبي عمر الحوضى به. وتقدم في (٤٠٦، ٤٠٧).","vol":"2","page":161},{"text":"عمرَ بمَعناه وقال: [عن عن] (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ عمرَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-293>بابٌ: الجُنُبُ يَكفيه التَّيَمُّمُ إذا لم يَجِدِ الماءَ</span>\n\n١٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرني الحسنُ يَعنِي ابنَ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - رأى رجلا مُعتَزِلًا لم يُصَلِّ في القَومِ فقال: \"يا فُلانُ، ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُصَلِّيَ في القَومِ؟ \". فقال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ ولا ماءَ. فقال: \"عَلَيكَ بالصَّعيدِ؛ فإنَّه يَكفيكَ\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٥).\n\n١٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه قال: شَهِدتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ فقال له عَمَّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ: تَذكُرُ إِذ كُنا سَرِيَّةً\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٨)، وابن عمر هو أبو عمر الحوضي حفص بن عمر المتقدم في الإسناد.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٨/ ٦٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٣٢٠) من طريق عبد الله به. وتقدم في (٨٦١) من طريق عوف.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٤٨).","vol":"2","page":162},{"text":"فأَجنَبنا فتَمَرَّغنا في التُّرابِ، فأَتَينا النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ له فقال: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ هذا\". ووَصَفَ ذَلِكَ. يَعنى التَّيَمُّمَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في أَكثَرِ النُّسَخِ عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبي إسحاق، عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن عَمّارٍ قال: أَجنَبتُ في الرَّملِ فتَمَعَّكتُ تَمَعُّكَ الدّابَّةِ، ثم أَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرتُه فقال: \"كان يَكفيكَ مِن ذَلِكَ التيمُّم\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ولَيسَ هو المَسعودِيَّ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرو، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: أُنزِلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ في المُسافِرِ: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]. قال: إذا أَجنَبَ فلَم يَجِدِ الماءَ تَيَمَّمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٨١٢) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به، وتقدم في (١٠٢٠،١٠١٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٠).\n(^٣) في س: \" المجدابادى\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٩١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣١٥)، والنسائي (٣١٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وعند النسائي: ناجية بن خفاف. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٥٤، والإصابة ١١/ ١٧١. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٠٢): صحيح بما قبله. وسيأتي في (١٠٦٤).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":163},{"text":"وصلَّى حَتَّى يُدرِكَ الماءَ، فإِذا أَدرَكَ الماءَ اغتَسَلَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-294>بابُ ما رُوِي في الحائضِ والنُّفَساءِ يَكفيهِما التَّيَمُّمُ عِندَ انقِطاعِ الدَّمِ إذا عَدِمَتا الماءَ</span>\n\n١٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٢) بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ يَعنِي الثورِيَّ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ. جاءَ أَعرابِيٌّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنا نكون في الرَّملِ وفينا الحائضُ والجُنُبُ والنُّفَساءُ، فيأتي عَلَينا أَربَعَةُ أَشهُرٍ لا نَجِدُ الماءَ. قالَ: \"عَلَيكَ بالترابِ\". يَعنِي التَّيَمُّمَ (^٣).\nهذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بالمُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ عن عمرٍو، والمُثَنَّى غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ (^٤).\nوقَد رواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ عن عمرٍو، إِلا أنه خالَفَه في الإسناد فرواه عن عمرٍو عن أَبيه عن جدِّه، واختَصَرَ المَتنَ فجَعَل السُّؤال عن الرَّجُلِ لا يَقدِرُ على الماءِ أَيُجامِعُ أَهلَهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٣ - ورواه أبو الرَّبيعِ السَمّانُ أَشعَثُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه اين أبي شيبة (١٦٧٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥١٢) من طريق المنهال به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٢٦) من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (٩١١) - ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٤٧) - من طريق المثنى به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٦٤٤).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٠٥٦).","vol":"2","page":164},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن أَعرابًا أَتَوُا النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا نكون في هَذِه الرِّمالِ لا نَقدِرُ على الماءِ، ولا نَرَى الماءَ ثَلاثَةَ أَشهُرٍ أَو أَربَعَةَ أَشهُرٍ -شَكَّ أبو الرَّبيعِ- وفينا النُّفَساءُ والحائضُ والجُنُبُ. قال: \"عَلَيكَ بالأرضِ\". أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع السَّمّانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وأبو الرَّبيعِ السَّمانُ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى قال: سَمِعتُ عَلِيَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: إنَّ أبا الرَّبيع رَوَى عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ في الرَّجُلِ يَعزُبُ في إِبِلِهِ (^٣). فقال سُفيانُ: إنَّما جاءَ بهَذا المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبَّاحِ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، وإِنَّما قال عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ يَقولُه. قال عَلِيٌّ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: إنَّ شُعبَةَ رواه هَكَذا عن جابِرٍ. فقال: إنَّ شُعبَةَ كان مِن أَهلِ الحِفظِ والصِّدقِ ولَم يَكُنْ مِمَّن يُريدُ الباطِلَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٣٦٩ من طريق أبي الربيع به.\n(^٢) هو أشعث بن سعيد البصرى، أبو الربيع السمان. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٧٢، والمجروحين ١/ ١٧٢، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٣٦٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٢٦١، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٣٥١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٧٩: متروك.\n(^٣) يعزب في إبله، أي: يبعد في المرعى. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٢٠.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٣٦٩، ٣٧٠.","vol":"2","page":165},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِي عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ المُسَيِّبِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ، وابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ إنَّما سَمِعَه مِن أبي الرَّبيع عن عمرٍو. كَذَلِكَ رواه سَعدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^١).\nورُوِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n١٠٥٤ - أخبرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورِ بنِ الرَّبيع، حدثنا عُمَرُ (^٢) بنُ شَبَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سلمةَ الأفطَسُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّة، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ الأعرابُ إلى النبي - ﷺ - فقالوا: إنا نكون بالرَّملِ، وإِنا نُعْزَبُ عن الماءِ الشَّهرَينِ والثلاثَةَ، وفينا الجُنُبُ والحائضُ. فقال: \"عَلَيكُم بالتُّرابِ\" (^٣). عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سلَمةَ الأفطَسُ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، والله أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-295>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَعزُبُ عن الماءِ ومَعَه أَهلُه، فيُصيبُها إِن شاءَ ثم يَتَيَمَّم</span>\n\n١٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ (^٥) بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٣٧٠ من طريق سعد بن الصلت به.\n(^٢) في م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٣) ابن عدي ٤/ ١٥١٣. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٠١١) من طريق سعيد بن المسيب به.\n(^٤) هو عبد الله بن سلمة الأفطس. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠٠، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٦٩، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلي ٢/ ٢٦١، والكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥١٢، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٥) في د: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":166},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ يَعنِي ابنَ سلمةَ، عن أَيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى عامِرٍ قال: دَخَلتُ في الإسلامِ فهَمَّنِي دينِي فأَتَيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ، فقال أبو ذَرٍّ: إِنِّي اجتَوَيتُ المَدينَةَ (^١) فأَمَرَ لِي رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بذَودٍ (^٢) وبغنم، فقال لِي: \" اشرَبْ مِن أَلبانِها\". قال حَمَّادٌ: وأَشُكّ في: \"أَبوالِها\". فقال أبو ذَرٍّ: فكُنتُ أَعزُبُ عن الماءِ ومَعِي أَهلِي، فتُصيبُنِي الجَنابَةُ فأُصَلِّي بغيرِ طُهورٍ، فأَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - بنِصفِ النَّهارِ وهو في رَهْطٍ مِن أَصحابِه وهو في ظِلِّ المَسجِدِ فقال: \"أبو ذَر؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم، هَلَكتُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: \"وما أَهلَكَكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: إِنِّي كُنتُ أَعزُبُ عن الماءِ ومَعِي أَهلِي، فتُصيبُنِي الجَنابَةُ، فأُصَلِّي بغيرِ طُهورٍ (^٣)، فأَمَرَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بماءٍ، فجاءَت به جاريَةٌ سَوداءُ بعُسٍّ يَتَخَضخَضُ (^٤) ما هو بمَلآنَ، فتَسَتَّرتُ إلى بَعيرٍ فاغتَسَلتُ ثم جِئتُ، فقال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، إنَّ الصَّعيدَ الطَّيِّبَ طَهورٌ وإِن لم تَجِدِ الماءَ إلى عَشرِ سِنينَ، فإِذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأَمِسَّه جِلدَكَ\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) اجتوى المدينة: أصابه الجوى، وهو المرض وداء الجوف إذا تطاول، وذلك إذا لم يوافقه هواؤها واستوخمها، ويقال: اجتويت البلد. إذا كرهت المقام فيه وإن كنت في نعمة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣١٨.\n(^٢) الذود من الإبل: ما بين الثنتين إلى التسع، وقيل: ما بين الثلاث إلى العشر. النهاية ٢/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) في س: \"وضوء\".\n(^٤) العس: القدح الكبير، ويتخضض: يتحرك. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩، ٣/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠١)، وأبو داود (٣٣٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٢). وينظر ما تقدم (٨٦٢).","vol":"2","page":167},{"text":"الحجَّاج، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جدِّه قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى النبي - ﷺ - فقال: الرَّجلُ يَغيبُ لا يَقدِرُ على الماءِ، أيُجامعُ (^١) أَهلَه؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٢). ومِثلُ هذا بالشَّواهِدِ يَقوَى، وحَديثُ عَمَّارٍ وعِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ (^٣) الثابِتُ عَنهُما شاهِدٌ لِهَذَينِ.\n\n١٠٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حبّان، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الأصبهانيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِي ابنَ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إِنِّي أَغيبُ عن الماءِ ومَعِي أَهلِي، أَفأصيبُ مِنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إِنِّي أَغيبُ أَشهُرًا. فقال: \"وإن مَكَثتَ ثلاثَ سنينَ\" (^٤). قالُ: عمُّه حكيمُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، نُمَيرِيٌّ (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن أَشعَثَ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه أَصابَ مِن جاريَتِه وأَنَّه تَيَمَّمَ فصَلَّى بهِم\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أيصيب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٩٧) عن معمر بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) حديث عمار تقدم في (١٠١٩)، وحديث عمران بن حصين تقدم في (١٠٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (١٤٩٢) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والطبرانى في الكبير ٢٠/ ٣٣٧ (٧٩٧) من طريق سعيد بن بشير به.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٢٧: قال البخاري: في صحبته نظر.","vol":"2","page":168},{"text":"وهو مُتَيَمِّمٌ (^١).\nوأَمّا غَسلُ الفَرجِ والكَلامُ في رُطوبَةِ فرجِ المَرأَةِ، فقَد نَقَلناه في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ في بابِ الأنجاسِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-296>بابُ غُسلِ الجُنُبِ ووُضوءِ المُحدِثِ إذا وجَدَ الماءَ بعدَ التَّيَمُّمِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفُ بنُ أبي جَميلَةَ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: كُنّا في سَفَرٍ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وإِنّا سِرنا لَيلَةً حَتَّى إذا كُنّا في آخِرِ اللَّيلِ وقَعنا في تِلكَ الوَقعَةِ، ولا وقعَةَ أَحلَى عِندَ المُسافِرِ مِنها. قال: فما أَيقَظَنا إِلا حَرُّ الشَّمسِ، وكانَ أَوَّلَ مِنَ استَيقَظَ فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ (^٣) -[يُسَمِّيهِم عوفٌ] (^٤) - ثم كان الرّابعَ عُمرُ بنُ الخطابِ. قال: وكان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا نامَ لم يُوقِظْه أَحَدٌ حَتَّى يَكونَ هو المُستَيقِظَ، لأنّا لا نَدرِي ما يَحدُثُ له في نَومِه. قال: فلَمّا استَيقَظَ عُمَرُ ورأى ما أَصابَ النّاسَ، وكانَ رجلًا أَجوَفَ جَليدًا (^٥)، كَبَّرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٤٢)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٦٠) من طريق جرير به مطولًا.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٤١٨٧ - ٤١٩٠) في: باب في رطوبة فرج المرأة.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"وفلان\".\n(^٤) في مصادر التخريج: \"يسميهم أبو رجاء ونسيهم عوف\".\n(^٥) الأجوف هنا: البعيد الصوت الذي صوته من جوفه. والجليد: القوي الشديد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٩، ١٦٥.","vol":"2","page":169},{"text":"ورَفَعَ صَوتَه بالتَّكبيرِ. قال: فما زالَ يُكَبِّرُ ويَرفَعُ صَوتَه بالتَّكبيرِ حَتَّى استَيقَظَ لِصَوتِه رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فلمَّا استَيقَظَ شَكَونا إِلَيه الذي أَصابَنا فقال: \"لا ضير\". أَو: \"لا ضَرَرَ\" شَكَّ عَوفٌ. فقال: \"ارتَحِلوا\". فارتَحَلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - وسارَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، فنَزَلَ فدَعا بوَضوءٍ فتَوَضّأَ ونادَى بالصلاةِ فصلَّى بالناسِ، فلمَّا انفَتَلَ مِن صَلاتِه إذا رجل مُعتَزِل لم يُصَلِّ مَعَ القَومِ فقال: \"ما مَنَعَكَ يما فُلانُ أن تُصَلِّيَ مَعَ القَومِ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ ولا ماءَ. قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكَ بالصعيد فإِنَّه يَكفيكَ\". قال: فسارَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فشكا إليه الناس العَطَشَ. قال: فنَزَلَ فدَعا فُلانًا -[يُسَمِّيه عَوفٌ] (^١) - ودَعا عليًّا فقال: \"اذهَبا فابتَغِيا لنا الماءَ\". فانطَلَقا فإذا هُما بامرأةٍ بَينَ مَزادَتَينِ أَو سَطيحَتَينِ (^٢) مِن ماءٍ على بَعيرٍ لها. قال: فقالا لها: أَينَ الماءُ؟ قالَت: عَهدِي بالماءِ أَمسِ هَذِه السّاعَةَ، ونَفَرُنا خُلوفٌ -قال عبدُ الوَهَّابِ: يَعنِي عِطاشٌ- قال: فقالا لها: انطَلِقِي إذن. فقالَت: إلى أَينَ؟ فقالا: إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -. قالَت: هو الذي يُقالُ له: الصّابِئُ؟ قالا: هو الذي تَعنينَ فانطَلِقِي. قال: فجاءا بها إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وحَدَّثاه الحديثَ، فاستَنزَلَها عن بَعيرِها، فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بإِناءٍ فأَفرَغَ فيه مِن أَفواه المَزادَتَينِ أَوِ السَّطِيحَتَينِ، فمَضمَضَ في الماءِ وأَعادَه في أَفواه المَزادَتَينِ أَوِ السَّطِيحَتين ثم أَوكأ أَفواهَهُما، وأَطلَقَ\n_________\n(^١) الذي في المصادر التي ذكرت هذا اللفظ: \"كان يسميه أبو رجاء ونسيه عوف\".\n(^٢) المزادة: هي التي يسميها الناس الراوية، والسطيحة نحوها أصغر منها، هي من جلدين، والمزادة أكبر منها. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٤٤.","vol":"2","page":170},{"text":"العَزالِيَ (^١). ثم قال لِلنّاسِ: \"اشرَبوا واستَقوا\". فاستَقَى مَن شاءَ وشَرِبَ مَن شاءَ. قال: وكانَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ أن أَعطَى الذي أَصابَته الجَنابَةُ إِناءً مِن ماءٍ فقال: \"اذهَبْ فأَفرِغْه عَلَيكَ\". وهىَ قائمَةٌ تُبصِرُ ما يُفعَلُ بمائِها. قال: وايمُ اللَّهِ ما أَقلَعَ عَنها حينَ أَقلَعَ وإِنَّه يُخَيَّلُ إِلَينا أَنَّها أَملأُ مِنها حينَ ابتَدأ فيها، فقال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اجمعوا لها\". فجمعوا لها مِن ينِ دُقَيِّقَةٍ وسوَيِّقَةٍ حَتَّى جَمَعوا لها طَعامًا، وجَعَلوه في ثَوبِها، وحَمَلوه ووَضَعوه بَينَ يَدَيها. ثم قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَعلَمينَ واللَّهِ أنّا ما رَزأنا (^٢) مِن مائِكِ شَيئًا، ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ هو الذي سقانا\". قال: فأَتَت أَهلَها وقَدِ احتَبَسَت عَلَيهِم فقالوا لها: ما حَبَسَكِ يا فُلانَةُ؟ قالَت: العَجَبُ؛ أَتاني رجلانِ فذَهَبا بي إلى هذا الصّابيء، ففَعَلَ بمائي كَذا وكَذا، لِلَّذِي كان، فواللَّهِ إنَّه لأسحَرُ مَن بَينَ هَذِه وهَذِه، أَو إنَّه لَرسولُ اللَّهِ حَقًّا. قال: فكانَ المُسلِمونَ يُغِيرونَ على مَن حَولَها مِنَ المُشرِكينَ ولا يُصيبونَ الصِّرْمَ (^٣) الذي هِيَ فيه، فقالَت يَومًا لِقَومِها: إنَّ هَؤُلاءَ القَومَ عَمْدًا يَدَعونَكُم، هَل لَكُم في الإسلامِ؟ فأَطاعوها فجاءوا جَميعًا فدَخَلوا في الإسلامِ. مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورِيُّ -وهو أَخو أبي عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تعريفها في (٣٣).\n(^٢) ما رزأنا: ما نقصنا ولا أخذنا شيئًا. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) الصرم: الطائفة من القوم ينزلون بإبلهم ناحية من الماء. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١٤.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٤٤، ٣٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٨٢/ ...)، وتقدم في (١٢٧، ٨٦١).","vol":"2","page":171},{"text":"ابنِ حَمدانَ- حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ زَرِيرٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رَجاءٍ يقولُ: حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُصينٍ أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في مَسيرٍ فأَدلَجوا لَيلَتَهُم، حَتَّى إذا كانوا في وجهِ الصُّبحِ عَرَّسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فغَلَبَتهُم أَعيُنُهُم حَتَّى ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فكانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ استَيقَظَ مِن مَنامِه أبو بكرٍ، وكانَ لا يوقِظُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن مَنامِه أَحَدٌ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -، فاستَيقَظَ عُمَرُ فقَعَدَ عِندَ رأسِه، فجَعَلَ يُكَبِّرُ ويَرفَعُ صَوتَه حَتَّى استَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا استَيقَظَ رأى الشمس قَد بَزَغَت قال: \"ارتَحِلوا\". فسارَ بنا حَتَّى ابيَضَّتِ الشمسُ، فنَزَلَ فصَلَّى، فاعتَزَلَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فلَم يُصَلِّ معنا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"يا فُلانُ، ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُصَلِّيَ مَعَنا؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّما أَصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ. فأَمَرَه أن يَتَيَمَّمَ بالصَّعيدِ ثم صلَّى. وعَجَّلَنِي (^١) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في رَكوبٍ (^٢) بَينَ يَدَيه لِطَلَبِ (^٣) الماءِ، وكُنّا قَد عَطِشنا عَطَشًا شَديدًا، فبَينَما نَحنُ نَسيرُ إذا نَحنُ بامرأةٍ سادِلَةٍ رِجلَيها (^٤) بَينَ مَزادَتَينِ، فقُلنا لها: أَينَ الماءُ؟ فقالَت: أَيْهاهْ أَيْهاهْ (^٥) لا ماءَ. فقُلنا: كم بَينَ أَهلِكِ وبَينَ الماءِ؟ قالَت: يَوم ولَيلَةٌ. قُلنا: انطَلِقِي إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n_________\n(^١) في صحيح البخاري \"جعلني\".\n(^٢) ركوب: أي: ركائب جمع رِكاب. هدي الساري ص ١٢٥.\n(^٣) في س: \"فطلبت\"، وفي د: \"نطلب\".\n(^٤) سادلة رجليها أي: مرسلتهما على الجمل، ويروى: سابلة بالموحدة. هدى الساري ص ١٣١.\n(^٥) قال النووي: هو بمعنى هيهات هيهات، ومعناه البعد من المطلوب واليأس منه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١٩١.","vol":"2","page":172},{"text":"فقالَت: وما رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ فلَم نُمَلِّكْها مِن أَمرِها شَيئًا حَتَّى استَقبَلْنا بها رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فحَدَّثَته بمِثلِ الذي حَدَّثَتنا، غَيرَ أَنَّها حَدَّثَته أَنَّها مُؤتِمَةٌ (^١). فأَمَرَ بمَزادَتَيها، فمَجَّ في العَزلاوَينِ العَلْياوَينِ، فشَرِبنا عِطاشًا أَربَعينَ رجلًا حَتَّى رَوِينا ومَلأْنا كُلَّ قِربَةٍ معنا وإِداوَةٍ، وغَسَّلنا صاحِبَنا (^٢)، غَيرَ أَنا لم نَسْقِ بَعيرًا، وهِيَ تكادُ تَبِضُّ (^٣) مِنَ المِلْءِ. ثم قال لَنا: \"هاتوا مماِ عندَكم\". فجَمَعنا لها مِنَ الكِسَرِ والتَّمرِ حَتَّى صَرَّ لها صُرَّةً فقال لها: \"اذهَبِي فأَطعِمِي هذا عيالَكِ، واعلَمِي أَنّا لم نرزأ مِن مائكِ شيئًا\". فلمَّا أَتَت أَهلَها قالَت: لَقَد لَقِيتُ أَسحَرَ النَّاس أَو هو نَبِيٌّ كما زَعَموا. فهَدَى اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ الصِّرْمَ بتِلكَ المَرأَةِ فأَسلَمَت وأَسلَموا (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن عبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ المَجيدِ عن سَلمِ بنِ زَرِيرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٦١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمد بن الحسنِ القاضي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو (^٦) أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ وهو ابن بُكَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مؤتمة: أي: ذات صبية أيتام. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٧٩.\n(^٢) قال النووي: غسلنا صاحبنا: يعنى الجنب، هو بتشديد السين، أي: أعطيناه ما يغتسل به. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١٩١.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: في نسخة \"تتضرج\". وتبض: تسيل؛ يعنى المزادتين. فتح البارى ٦/ ٥٨٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٩٠، ٢٠٩٩)، والمصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ١٣٠ من طريق محمد بن أيوب به. والطبرانى ١٨/ ١٣٧ (٢٨٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٩٦ من طريق أبي الوليد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٥٧١)، ومسلم (٦٨٢/ ٣١٢).\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ في هذا الموضع وفي (١٣٣٨٠). وسيأتي في (٨٨٨٠): \"عُمر\" بضم العين، وهو =","vol":"2","page":173},{"text":"عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النّاجِيِّ، قال: حدَّثَني أبو رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيُّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِلرَّجُلِ: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُصَلِّيَ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَصابَتني جَنابَة. قال: \"فتيمم بالصّعيدِ فإِذا فرَغتَ فصلِّ، فإِذا أَدرَكتَ الماءَ فاغتَسِلْ\". وذَكَروا الحديثَ (^١).\n\n١٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إِسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: تَمارَى ابنُ مَسعودٍ وعَمّار في الرَّجُلِ تُصيبُه الجَنابَةُ ولا يَجِدُ الماءَ، فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: لا يُصَلِّي حَتَّى يَجِدَ الماءَ. وقالَ عَمَّارٌ: كُنتُ في الإبِلِ فأَصابَتنى جَنابَةٌ فلَم أَقدِرْ على الماءِ، فتَمَعَّكتُ كما تتَمَعَّكُ -يَعنِي الدَّوابَّ- ثم أَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ مِن ذَلِكَ التيمُّم بالصعيد، فإِذا قَدَرتَ على الماءِ اغتَسَلتَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسدَّد، حدثنا خالِدٌ\n، عن خالِدٍ\n_________\n= كذلك في مصادر ترجمته، وفي حاشية الأصل: المعروف فيه أبو عمر بضم العين. وانفرد ابن حبان فكناه أبا عمرو بفتح العين، قال مغلطاى: كذا هو في عدة نسخ مجودا. اهـ. ينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٤٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١/ ٣٧٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٥١.\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٤/ ٢٧٩، وأخرجه الشافعيُّ ١/ ٤٥ من طريق عباد بن منصور مختصرا. والطبرانى في الصغير ١/ ٢٥٨، والدارقطنى ١/ ٢٠٠ من طريق أبي رجاء بنحوه. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٣٠: عباد واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٢/ ١٣ (٥٠٨) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"2","page":174},{"text":"الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ بُجدانَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: اجتَمَعَت غُنَيمَةٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ ابدُ فيها\". فبَدَوتُ إلى الرَّبَذَةِ (^١)، فكانَت تُصيبُنِي الجَنابَةُ فأَمكُثُ الخَمسَ والسِّتَّ، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أبو ذَرٍّ؟ \". فسَكَتُّ فقالَ: \"ثَكِلَتكَ أُمُّكَ أبا ذَرٍّ، لأُمِّكَ الوَيلُ\". فدَعا بجاريَةٍ فجاءَت بعُسٍّ مِن ماءٍ، فسَتَرَني بثَوبِي (^٢)، واستَتَرتُ بالرّاحِلَةِ فاغتَسَلَتُ، فكأنِّي أَلقَيتُ عَنِّي جَبَلًا. فقالَ: \"الصَّعيدُ الطَّيِّبُ وَضوءُ المُسلِمِ ولَو إلى عَشرِ سِنينَ، فإِذا وجَدتَ الماءَ فأَمسِسْه جِلدَكَ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ خَيرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ. فذكَره بنَحوِه وقالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: اجتَمَعَتْ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غنَمٌ مِن غَنَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ. ولَم يَذكُرِ الإبِلَ والوَيلَ. والباقِي بمَعناه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-297>بابُ رُؤيَةِ الماءِ خِلالِ صَلاةٍ افتَتَحَها بالتَّيَمُّمِ</span>\nاحتَجَّ بَعضُ أَصحابِنا في ذَلِكَ بعموم قَولِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنصرِفُ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ\n_________\n(^١) الرَّبذة: من قرى المدينة على ثلاثة أميال قريبة من ذات عرق على طريق الحجاز ... وبها قبر أبي ذر الغفاري. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٧٤٩.\n(^٢) في د: \"بثوب\"، وهي كذلك عند الحاكم.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥١)، والخلافيات (٨٤٩) مختصرًا، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٢) عن مسدد به. وابن حبان (١٣١١) من طريق خالد الطحان به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٦). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٢، ٨٨٦) من طريق يزيد.","vol":"2","page":175},{"text":"صَوتًا أَو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^١). وبِعُمومِ قَولِه في حَديثِ أبي سعيدٍ الخدريُّ: \"لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ شَئٌ، وادرَءوا ما استَطَعتُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُهَيلِ (^٣) بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا وُضوءَ إِلا مِن صَوتٍ أَو ريحٍ\" (^٤).\nوالاستِدلالُ بهَذا الحديثِ في هَذِه المَسأَلَةِ لا يَصِحُّ، ولا بحَديثِ أبي سَعيدٍ.\n\n١٠٦٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ علي، عن أبي سِنانٍ ضِرارِ بنِ مُرَّةَ الشَّيبانِي، عن حُصَينٍ، عن علي، أنَّه قال على المِنبَرِ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ إِلا الحَدَثُ\". ولا أستَحييكُم مِمّا لم يَستَحِي مِنه رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -، والحَدَثُ أن تَفْسوَ أَو تَضرِطَ (^٥). تَفَرَدَ به حِبّانُ بنُ عليٍّ العَنَزِيُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٦٠، ٧٦٤) من حديث عبد الله بن زيد.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٣٥٥٢).\n(^٣) في س، ب، م: \"سهل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٧٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١١٦٤)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (١٩٦٥)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٨٠٥ من طريق حبان بن علي به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٣١: لم يصح.\n(^٦) هو حبان بن علي العنزي، أبو علي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٢٦١، وتاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٢٥٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٣٩، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٤٩، وتهذيب =","vol":"2","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-298>بابُ التَّيَمُّمِ لِكُلِّ فريضَةٍ</span>\n\n١٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ (^١) بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عامِرٍ يَعنِي الأحوَلَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: يَتَيَمَّمُ (^٢) لِكُلِّ صلاةٍ وإِن لم يُحْدِثْ (^٣). إِسنادُه صَحيحٌ.\nوقَد رُوِي عن عليٍّ، وعَن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وعَنِ ابنِ عَبّاسٍ:\n\n١٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: يَتَيَمَّمُ (^٤) لِكُلِّ صلاةٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ يَعنِي الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= التهذيب ٢/ ١٧٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٧: ضعيف.\n(^١) في س: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) في س، ب، د: \"تيمم\".\n(^٣) في ب: \"تحدث\".\nالأثر عند المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤١). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٩٥ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٥١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٤ من طريق عبد الوارث به. وعند الدارقطني من فعل ابن عمر.\n(^٤) في س، ب، د: \"تيمم\".\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٠٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٤ من طريق هشيم به. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٥٥: فيه حجاج بن أرطاة، والحارث الأعور.","vol":"2","page":177},{"text":"عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن عمرَو بنَ العاصِ كان يُحدِثُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ تَيَمُّمًا. وكانَ قَتادَةُ يأخُذُ بهِ (^١). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّة ألا يُصَلِّيَ الرَّجل بالتَّيَمُّمِ إِلا صَلاةً واحِدَةً، ثم يَتَيَمَّمُ لِلصّلاةِ الأُخرَى (^٢). قال عَلِيٌّ: الحسنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nقُلتُ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو يَحيَى الحمَّانيُّ عن الحسنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ أنه قال: لا يُصَلِّي بالتَّيَمُّمِ إِلا صَلاةً واحِدَةً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٨٣٣)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٤.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥، وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٠).\n(^٣) هو الحسن بن عمارة البجلي، أبو داود محمد الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٠٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٧، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٢٩، وتاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٣٤٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٢٦٥، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥١٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٦٩: متروك.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥ من طريق أبي يحيى الحماني به.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨١٠، ٨١١) من طريق أبي العباس به. وسحنون في المدونة =","vol":"2","page":178},{"text":"وهَكَذا رواه ابنُ زَنجُويَه عن عبدِ الرزاقِ عن الحَسَنِ (^١). والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-299>بابُ التَّيَمُّمِ بعدَ دُخولِ وقتِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ (^٢) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عيَّاش القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن سَيّارٍ (^٤)، عن أبي أُمامة، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إن الله ﷿ قَد فضَّلَنِي على الأنبياءِ\" -أَو قال: \"أُمَّتِي على الأُمَمِ- بأَربَعٍ؛ أَرسَلَنِي إلى النّاسِ كافَّةً، وجَعَلَ الأرضَ كُلَّها لِي ولأُمَّتِي طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، فأَينَما أَدرَكَتِ الرَّجُلَ من أُمَتِي الصَّلاةُ فعِندَه مَسجِدُه وعِندَه طَهورُه، ونصرني (^٥) بالرُّعْبِ يَسيرُ بَينَ يَدَيَّ مَسيرَةَ شَهرٍ يُقذَفُ في قُلوبِ أعدائي، وأُحِلَّت لِيَ الغَنائمُ\" (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي الأشعَثِ.\n_________\n= ١/ ٤٨ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥ من طريق ابن زنجويه.\n(^٢) هلال بن محمد بن جعفر بن سعدان أبو الفتح الكسكرى ثم البغدادى الحفار، قال الخطيب: كان صدوقا. وقال ابن الأثير: كان عالما بالحديث عالي الإسناد. وقال الذهبي: الشيخ الصدوق، مسند بغداد. توفي سنة (٤١٤ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٧٥، والكامل لابن الأثير ٩/ ٣٣٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) في س، د: \"الحسن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ١٤٨.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يسار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"نصرت\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤٥) عن أبي الفتح به، ومسدد- كما في إتحاف البوصيرى (١٠٤٦).=","vol":"2","page":179},{"text":"١٠٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - عامَ غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ قامَ مِنَ الليل يُصَلِّي (^١). فذكَر الحديثَ. قال: \"لَقَد أُعطيتُ الليلَةَ خَمسًا ما أُعطيَهنَّ أَحَدٌ كان قَبلِي\". فذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"وجُعِلَت لِيَ الًا رضُ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، أَينَما أَدرَكتني الصَّلاةُ تَمَسَّحتُ وصَلَيتُ\". قال: \"والخامِسَةُ قيلَ لِي: سَلْ فإنَ كُلَّ نبيٍّ قَد سألَ. فأَخَّرتُ مَسأَلَتِي إلى يَومِ القيامَةِ، فهِيَ لَكُم ولِمَن شَهِدَ أن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-300>بابُ إِعوازِ الماءِ بعدَ طَلَبِهِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علي الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الله الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ الشهيدِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِي، عن رِبعِيِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"فُضِّلنا على النّاسِ بثَلاثٍ؛ جُعِلَت لنا الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجِدًا، وجُعِلَ تُرابُها لنا طَهورًا إذا لم نَجِدِ الماءَ، وجُعِلَت صُفوفُنا كَصُفوفِ المَلائكَةِ، وأُوتيتُ هَؤُلاءِ الآياتِ\n_________\n= ومن طريقه الطبراني (٨٠٠١). وتقدم في (١٠٣٣).\n(^١) في س، م: \"فصلى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٤٨٩) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٧٠٦٨) من طريق ابن الهاد به. وصحح إسناده المنذري في الترغيب ٤/ ٢٣٣، وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الترغيب (٣٦٣٤).","vol":"2","page":180},{"text":"مِن آخِرِ سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" مِن بَيتِ كَنزٍ تَحتَ العَرش لم يُعطَ مِنه أَحَدٌ قَبلِي ولا أَحَدٌ بَعدِي\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن ابنِ فُضيلٍ، إِلا أنَّه قالَ في الثالِثَةِ: وذكَر خَصلَةً أُخرَى فلَم يُفَسِّرْها (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مَحمودُ بنُ محمدٍ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ القاسِمِ حدَّثه، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّها قالَت: سَقَطَت قِلادَةٌ لي بالبَيداءِ ونَحنُ داخِلو المَدينَةِ، فأَقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فبَينا رأسُه في حَجْرِي راقِدًا أَقبَلَ أبي، فلَكَزَنى لَكزَةً (^٣) شَديدَةً وقالَ: أَحَبَستِ النّاسَ في قِلادَةٍ؟ ثم إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَيقَظَ، وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، [فالتمَسوا الماءَ فلَم يُوجَدْ] (^٤)، ونَزَلَت: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. إلى ذِكرِ التَّيَمُّمِ، قالَ أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضيرٍ: لَقَد بارَكَ اللَّهُ لِلنّاسِ فيكُم يا آلَ أبي بكرٍ، ما أَنتُم إِلا بَرَكَةٌ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٦٤٠٠)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٣٣١). وتقدم في (١٠٣٦، ١٠٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢٢/ ٤).\n(^٣) اللَّكز: هو الضرب بجُمْع الكف في جميع الجسد. وقيل: هو الوجء في الصدر. تاج العروس ١٥/ ٣٢٠ (ل ك ز).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فالتمس الناس الماء فلم يجدوا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٧٨، ٧٩ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٦٠٨، ٦٨٤٥).","vol":"2","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-301>بابُ السَّفَرِ الذي يَجوزُ فيه التَّيَمُّمُ</span>\n\n١٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَني مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أَسفارِه، حَتَّى إذا كُنا بالبَيداءِ أَو بذاتِ الجَيشِ انقَطَعَ عِقدٌ لي، فأَقامَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - على التِماسِه، وأَقامَ الناسُ معه ولَيسوا على ماءٍ ولَيسَ مَعَهُم ماءٌ، فأتَى الناسُ إلى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فقالوا: أَلَا تَرَى إلى ما صَنَعَت عائشَةُ؟ أقامَت برسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وبِالناسِ ولَيسوا على ماءٍ ولَيسَ مَعَهُم ماءٌ! فجاءَ أبو بكر ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - قَد نامَ على فخِذِي فقالَ: حَبَستِ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - والنّاسَ ولَيسوا على ماءٍ ولَيسَ مَعَهُم ماءٌ. فعاتبَنى وقالَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ، وجَعَلَ يَطعُنُ بيَدِه في خاصِرَتي، فلا يَمنَعُني مِنَ التَّحَرُّكِ إِلا مَكانُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - على فخِذِي، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - حَتَّى أَصبَحَ على غَيرِ ماءٍ، فأَنزَلَ الله ﵎ آيَةَ التَيَمُّمِ: ﴿فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾. فقالَ أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضَيرٍ: ما هِيَ أَوَّلَ (^١) بَرَكَتِكُم يا آلَ أبي بَكرٍ. قالَت: فبَعَثْنا البَعيرَ الذي كُنتُ عليه فوَجَدْنا العِقدَ تَحتَه (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بأول\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٠٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦٠٧)، ومسلم (٣٦٧/ ١٠٨).","vol":"2","page":182},{"text":"١٠٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه أَقبَلَ مِنَ الجُرْفِ حَتَّى إذا كان بالمِرْبَدِ تَيَمَّمَ؛ فمَسَحَ وجهَه ويَدَيه وصلَّى العَصرَ، ثم دَخَلَ المَدينَةَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ فلَم يُعِدِ الصلاةَ (^١). قال الشافعيُّ: والجُرْفُ قَريبٌ مِنَ المَدينَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِي مُسنَدًا عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ:\n\n١٠٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في \"الفوائد الكبير\" وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إِملاءً وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قراءةً وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِي (^٢) لَفظًا قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي رَزينٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَبِانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَيَمَّمَ وهو يَنظُرُ إلى بُيوتِ المَدينَةِ بمَكانٍ يُقالُ له: مِربَدُ النَّعَمِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٤٥، ٤٦، ٧/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) عبيد بن محمد بن محمد بن مهدى أبو محمد النيسابورى القشيرى الصيدلانى الأصم العدل، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة عدل. وقال الذهبي: ثقة رضا. توفى سنة (٤٠٩ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٣٥٧)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ١٩١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٥٩)، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٠، وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٣٤٣، ٣٤٤ من طريق محمد بن سنان به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٣٣: ابن سنان كذبه أبو داود.","vol":"2","page":183},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-302>بابُ الجَريحِ والقَريحِ والمَجدورِ يَتَيَمَّمُ إذا خاف التَّلَفَ باستِعمالِ الماءِ أَو شِدَّةَ الضَّنَى</span>\n\n١٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ. وأخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ رَفَعَه في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]. قال: \"إذا كانَت بالرَّجُلِ الجِراحَةُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أَوِ القُروحُ (^١) أَو الجُدَرِيُّ فيُجنِبُ، فيَخافُ إِنِ اغتَسَلَ أن يَموتَ فليتيَمَّمْ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي بكرِ بنِ عَلِيٍّ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَعفَرٌ الشاماتي عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه إِسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^٥) الفقيهُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \" القرح\".\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٢٧٢)، ومن طريقه ابن الجارود (١٢٩). قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٤٦: والصواب وقفه. وينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٤٥٩ (٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٢) من طريق الشاماتي به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٢٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٦٥، وعنه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٢٨)، من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٥) في س: \"سليمان\".","vol":"2","page":184},{"text":"جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الرَّجُلِ تُصيبُه الجَنابَةُ وبِه الجِراحَةُ يَخافُ إنِ اغتَسَلَ أن يَموتَ، قالَ: فليَتَيَمَّمْ وليُصَلِّ (^١).\nورواه إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ وغَيرُه أَيضًا عن عَطاءٍ مَوقوفًا. وكَذَلِكَ رواه عَزْرَةُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n١٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ [وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عَمرٍو قالا] (^٣): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغاني، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، [حدثنا شُعبَةُ قالَ: سألْتُ قَتادَةَ عن المَجدورِ فقالَ: سُئلَ عَنها الشَّعبِيُّ فقالَ: ذَهَبَ فُرسانُها (^٤). قالَ: وقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ شَيئًا فلَم يَحفَظْه. قالَ شُعبَةُ: وأَخبَرَني عاصِمٌ، يَعنِي الأحوَلَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قالَ في المَجدورِ: إنَّه يَتَمَّمُ.\n\n١٠٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ] (^٥)، [حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الهاشميُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ] (^٦)، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل ١/ ٤٥٩، والدارقطني ١/ ١٧٨ عن علي بن عاصم مرفوعًا. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧٦)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٣٦٢) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٨٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٠ من طريق عزرة به.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، ر، ب، د.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٠٠٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٦) ليس في: م.","vol":"2","page":185},{"text":"المَجدورِ وأَشباهِه إذا أَجنَبَ قال: يَتَيَمَّم بالصَّعيدِ. ورواه الثورِيُّ وعَبدَةُ بنُ سليمانَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ بإِسنادِه عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رُخِّصَ لِلمَريضِ التَّيَمُّمُ بالصَّعيدِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-303>بابٌ: المَحمومُ ومَن في مَعناه لا يَتَيَمَّمُ عِندَ وُجودِ الماءِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظ، حدَّثني أبو علي الحسين بن علي الحافط، أخبرَنا محمد بن سليمانَ، حدثنا هارون بنُ سعيدٍ الأَيْلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثني مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"الحُمَّى مِن فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ فأَطفِئوها بالماءِ\". قال نافِعٌ: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّه بن عمرَ يقول: اللهم أَذهِبْ عَنا الرِّجزَ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٣). ورَوَته عائشَة وأَسماءُ بنتا الصِّدِّيقِ (^٤). ورواه رافِع بن خَديجٍ (^٥)، كُلُّهم عن النبي - ﷺ -.\n١٠٨٣ م- أنبأني أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السلميُّ إجازةً أن أبا عبدِ اللَّه العسكريَّ أخبرهم، ثنا أبو القاسمِ البغويُّ، ثنا عثمان بنُ أبي شيبةَ، ثنا جريرٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (١٥٨) - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٣١) من طريق الثورى به. والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٨ من طريق عبدة به، وعنده \"عطاء بن السائب\". مكان: \"عزرة\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٤٥.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٢٠٩/ ٧٩).\n(^٤) رواية عائشة أخرجها أحمد (٢٤٢٢٨، ٢٤٢٢٩)، والبخارى (٣٢٦٣، ٥٧٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٢١٠).\nورواية أسماء أخرجها أحمد (٢٦٩٢٦)، والبخارى (٥٧٢٤)، ومسلم (٢٢١١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨١٠)، والبخارى (٥٧٢٦)، ومسلم (٢٢١٢).","vol":"2","page":186},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يعقوبَ بنِ عتبةَ، عن الحارثِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ هشامٍ، عن أبيه قال: أتى ابنُ الحمامةِ (^١) السلميُّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وهو في المسجدِ فقال: إنِّي أثنيتُ على ربي ومَدَحْتُك، فقال: \"أمْسِكْ عليك\". ثم قام به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فخرج به من المسجد، فقال \"ما أثنيتَ به على ربِّكَ فهاتِه، وما مدحْتَنِي به فدَعْه عنك\". فأنشد حتى إذا فرغَ دعا بلالًا فأمرَه أن يُعطيَه شيئًا، ثم أقبل رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على المسجدِ فوضَع يدَه على حائطِ المسجدِ، فمسَحَ به وَجْهَه وذراعيه ثم دخل. قال أبو القاسم: لا أدري عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هشامٍ صاحبُ هذا الحديثِ سَمِع من النبي - ﷺ - أم لا؟ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-304>بابُ التَّيَمُّمِ في السَّفَرِ إذا خاف المَوتَ أَوِ العِلَّةَ مِن شِدَّةِ البَردِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أَسمَعُ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيىَ بنَ أَيّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أَنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: احتَلَمتُ في لَيلَةٍ بارِدَةٍ في غَزوَةِ ذاتِ السَّلاسل، فأَشفَقتُ إِنِ اغتَسَلتُ أن أَهلِكَ، فتَيَمَّمتُ ثم صَلَّيتُ بأَصحابِي الصُّبحَ، فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ للنبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا عمرُو، صَلَّيتَ بأَصحابِكَ وأَنتَ جُنُبٌ؟ \". فأَخبَرتُه بالذِي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أبي حمامة\". وينظر الإصابة ٢/ ٤٥٤، ٨/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٢) كذا جاء هذا الحديث هنا، وفي النسخ أن موضعه في آخر باب ذكر الروايات في كيفية التيمم عن عمار بن ياسر. والحديث عند البغوى في معجم الصحابة ٤/ ٤٣٣.","vol":"2","page":187},{"text":"مَنَعَنى مِنَ الاغتِسالِ وقُلتُ: إِنِّي سَمِعتُ الله ﵎ يقولُ: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]. فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - ولَم يَقُلْ شَيئًا (^١).\nورواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، فخالَفَه في الإسناد والمَتنِ جَميعًا:\n\n١٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ أَظنُّه ابنَ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أَنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبي قَيسٍ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن عمرَو بنَ العاصِ كان على سَريَّةٍ وأَنَّه أَصابَهُم بَردٌ شَديدٌ لم يُرَ مِثلُه، فخَرَجَ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فقالَ: واللهِ لَقَدِ احتَلَمتُ البارِحَةَ، ولَكِنِّي واللهِ ما رأَيتُ بَرْدًا مِثلَ هذا، هَل مرَّ على وُجوهِكُم مِثلُهُ؟ قالوا: لا. فغَسَلَ مَغابِنَه (^٢) وتَوَضّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ثم صَلَّى بهِم، فلَمّا قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سألَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"كيف وجدتم عمرًا وصحابته؟ \". فأَثنَوا عليه خَيرًا وقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، صَلَّى بنا وهو جُنُبٌ. فأرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلى عمرٍو فسألَه، فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ وبِالذِي لَقِيَ مِنَ البَردِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ الله تعالَى قال: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾. ولَوِ اغتَسَلتُ مِتُّ. فضحك رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٢٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٧، ١٧٨.\n(^٢) المغابن: هي بواطن الأفخاذ عند الحوالب. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣٤١.","vol":"2","page":188},{"text":"عمرٍو (^١). أَخرَجَهُما أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^٢) ثم قال: وروَى هَذِه القِصَّةَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ قال فيه: فتَيَمَّمَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ قَد فعَلَ ما نُقِلَ في الرِّوايَتَينِ جَميعًا: غَسَلَ ما قَدَرَ على غَسلِه [وتَيَمَّمَ لِلباقِي] (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَبِي موسَى، قال أبو موسَى: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، الرَّجُلُ يُجنِبُ فلا يَجِدُ الماءَ أَيُصلِّي؟ قال: لا. فقالَ: أَلَم تَسمَعْ قَولَ عَمّارٍ لِعُمَرَ: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَنا وأَنتَ فأَجنَبتُ فتَمَعَّكتُ بالصعيدِ، فأَتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرناه فقالَ: \"إنَّما يَكفيكَ هَكَذا\". وَمسَحَ وجهَه وكفَّيه مسحةً (^٥) واحِدةً؟ فقال: إِنِّي لم أَرَ عمرَ قَنِعَ بذَلِكَ. فقال: وكَيفَ تَصنَعونَ بهَذِه الآيَةِ ﴿فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٦]؟ فقالَ: إنّا لَو رَخَّصنا لَهم في هذا كان أحَدُهُم إذا وجَدَ الماءَ البارِدَ تَمَسَّحَ بالصَّعيدِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فقُلتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٢٥)، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣١٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٧٨١٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٤، ٣٣٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفزاري في السير- كما في فتح الباري لابن رجب ٢/ ٢٧٩ - عن الأوزاعي. قال ابن رجب: وهذا مرسل.\n(^٤) في د: \"يمم الباقي\".\n(^٥) ليس في: ب، د.","vol":"2","page":189},{"text":"لِشَقيقٍ: فما كَرِهَه إِلا لِهَذا (^١)؟ مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٢).\nورواه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ، قال في الحديث: فما دَرَى عبدُ اللَّه ما يَقولُ؟ فقالَ: إنَّا لو رَخَّصنا لَهُم في هذا لأوشَكَ إذا بَرَدَ على أَحَدِهِمُ الماءُ أن يَدَعَه ويَتَيَمَّمَ. فقُلتُ لِشَقيقٍ: فإِنَّما كَرِهَ عبدُ اللَّه لِهَذا؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-305>بابُ الجُرحِ إذا كان في بَعضِ جَسَدِه دونَ بعضٍ</span>\n\n١٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حدثنا السِّريُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا (^٤) عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدَّثني أبي، أخبرَني الوَليدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٥) اللَّه بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن عَطاء حدَّثه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رجلًا أَجنَبَ في شِتاءٍ فسألَ، فأُمِرَ بالغُسلِ فاغتَسَلَ فماتَ، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ للنبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما لَهُم قتلوه؟ قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ -ثلاثًا- قَد جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الصَّعيدَ أوِ التَّيَمُّمَ طَهورًا\" (^٦).\nهذا حَديثٌ مَوصولٌ. وتَمامُ هَذِه القِصَّةِ في الحديثِ الذي أَرسَلَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢). وتقدم في (١٠٢٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٧)، ومسلم (٣٦٨/ ١١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٣٤٦) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"حفص بن\" وفي د: \"جعفر بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عبد\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٣) من طريق عمر بن حفص به. والوليد بن عبيد الله بن رباح ضعفه المصنف كما سيأتي عقب (١١١١٦).","vol":"2","page":190},{"text":"الأوزاعيُّ عن عَطاءٍ.\n\n١٠٨٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^١) السُّوسِيُّ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، حدثنا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ يقولُ: بَلَغَني عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّه سمِع ابنَ عباسٍ يُخبِرُ، أن رجلًا أَصابَه جُرحٌ في عهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثم أَصابَه احتِلامٌ، فأُمِرَ بالاغتِسالِ، فاغتَسَلَ فكُزَّ (^٢) فماتَ، فبلغ ذلك رسول الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"قَتَلوه قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ، أَلم يَكُنْ شِفاءُ العِيِّ السُّؤالَ؟ \". قال عَطاءٌ: فبَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"لَو غَسَلَ جَسَدَه وترَكَ رأسَه حَيثُ أَصابَه الجُرحُ؟ \" (^٣).\nفهَذا المُرسَلُ يَقتَضِي غَسلَ الصَّحيحِ مِنه، والأوَّلُ يَقتَضِي التَّيَمُّمَ، فمَن أوجَبَ الجَمعَ بَينَهُما يقولُ: لا تَنافِيَ بَينَ الرِّوايَتَينِ إلا أن إحداهُما مُرسَلَةٌ.\n\n١٠٨٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الأنطاكِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ خُرَيقٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجْنا في سَفَرٍ فأَصابَ رجلًا مِنّا حَجَرٌ فشَجَّه في رأسِه، ثم احتَلَمَ، فقالَ لأصحابِه: هَل تَجِدونَ لي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يعقوب\".\n(^٢) الكُزاز: داء يتولد من شدة البرد، وقيل: هو نفس البرد. الصحاح ٢/ ١١٤، وينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٧٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٣٧) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٥٦)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٥٧٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصحح إسناده الشيخ أحمد شاكر في تحقيق المسند ٥/ ٢٢ (٣٠٥٧)، قال: وإن كان ظاهره الانقطاع.","vol":"2","page":191},{"text":"رُخصَةً في التَّيَمُّمِ؟ قالوا: ما نَجِدُ لَكَ رُخصَةً وأَنتَ تَقدِرُ على الماءِ. فاغتَسَلَ فماتَ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا على النبي - ﷺ - أُخبِرَ بذَلِكَ قال: \"قَتَلوه قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ! ألَا سألوا إِذ لم يَعلَموا؟! فإنما شِفاءُ العِيِّ السؤالُ، إنَّما كان يَكفيه أن يَتَيَمَّمَ ويَعصِرَ أَو يَعصِبَ -شَكَّ موسَى- على جُرحِه خِرقَةً، ثم يَمسَحَ عَلَيها ويَغسِلَ سائرَ جَسَدِه\" (^١). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ مَوصولَةٌ جُمِعَ فيها بَينَ غَسلِ الصَّحيحِ والمَسحِ على العِصابَةِ والتَّيَمُّمِ، إِلا أَنَّها تُخالِفُ الرِّوايَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ في الإسنادِ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبَّاس بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السائب، عن زادانَ، عن عليٍّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ مَوضِعَ شَعَرَةٍ مِن جَسَده مِن جَنابَة لم يَغسِلْها فُعِلَ بها مِنَ النّارِ كَذا وكَذا\". قال عَلِيٌّ: فمِن ثَمَّ عادَيتُ شَعَرِي (^٢).\nفهَذا الحديثُ وما ورَدَ في مَعناه يوجِبُ غَسلَ الصَّحيحِ مِنه، والكِتابُ يوجِبُ التَّيَمُّم لِما لا يَقْدِرُ على غَسلِه. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوظاهِرُ الكِتابِ يَدُلُّ على استِعمالِ ما يَجِدُ مِنَ الماءِ ثم الرُّجوعِ إلى التَّيَمُّمِ إذا لم يَجِدْه. وقَد روِي عن إسحاقَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن عَبدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ، ويُذكَرُ عن عَبدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ أنَّه قال: يَتَوَضّأُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٦)، والخلافيات (٨٣٤)، وأبو داود (٣٣٦). قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٣٦: والزبير ليس ممن يحتج به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٨١٣) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وتقدم تخريجه (٨٤١).","vol":"2","page":192},{"text":"ويَتَيَمَّمُ. في الجُنُبِ لا يَجِدُ مِنَ الماءِ إِلا قَدْرَ ما يَتَوَضّأُ به (^١). وكَذا قال مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ (^٢)، وكانَ الحسنُ والزُّهرِيُّ يَقولانِ: يَتَيَمَّمُ فقَط (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-306>بابُ المَسحِ على العَصائبِ والجَبائرِ</span>\n\n١٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ السِّجِستانِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الحَلَبِيُّ بأَنطاكيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ خُرَيقٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجنا في سَفَرٍ فأَصابَ رجلًا مِنَّا حَجَرٌ فشَجَّه في رأسِه، ثم احتَلَمَ، فسألَ أَصحابَه: هَل تَجِدونَ لي رُخصَةً في التَّيَمُّمِ؟ فقالوا: ما نَجِدُ لَكَ رُخصَةً وأَنتَ تَقدِرُ على الماءِ. فاغتَسَلَ فماتَ، فلمَّا قَدِمْنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُخبِرَ بذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"قَتَلوه قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ! أَلا سألوا إِذ لم يَعلَموا؟! إنَّما شِفاءُ العِيِّ السُّؤالُ، إنَّما كان يَكفيه أن يَتَيَمَّمَ ويَعصِبَ على جُرحِه خِرقَةً ثم يَمسَحَ عَلَيها، ويَغسِلَ سائرَ جَسَدِه\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرني هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٨٧) عن عيسى بن يونس عن الأوزاعي، وفيه قول عبدة وقول الزهري الآتي.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠١)، وفيه قول معمر وقول الحسن الآتي.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٠١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٨٧، ٧٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٩ - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٣٥)، والمعرفة (٣٤٧) - عن ابن أبي داود به. وتقدم في (١٠٨٩).","vol":"2","page":193},{"text":"قال: إذا لم يَكُنْ على الجُرحِ عِصابٌ (^١) غَسَلَ ما حَولَه ولَم يَغسِلْه (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: أخبرَنِي هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، أنَّه سمِع نافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن كان له جُرحٌ مَعصوبٌ عليه تَوَضَّأَ ومَسَحَ على العِصابِ (^٣)، ويَغسِلُ ما حَولَ العِصابِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٤ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: أخبرني سَعِيدٌ، عن سليمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن إِبهامَ رِجلِه جُرِحَت فأَلبَسَها مَرارَةً (^٥) وكانَ يَتَوَضأُ عَلَيها (^٦).\n\n١٠٩٥ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حمزة، عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه تَوَضأَ وكَفُّه مَعصوبَةٌ فمَسَحَ [عَلَيها وعَلَى العِصابِ] (^٧)، وغَسَلَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ. هو عن ابنِ عمرَ صَحيحٌ.\nحدثنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمِّ، أخبرَنا الربيع قال: قال الشافعيُّ: وقَد رُوِي حَديثٌ عن عليٍّ أنَّه انكَسَرَ إِحدَى زَنْدَى (^٨)\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عصائب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٢٥) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"العصائب\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) المَرَارة: هنة دقيقة مستديرة فيها ماء أخضر، هي لكل ذى روح إلا الجمل. غريب الحديث للحربي ١/ ٩٢، وينظر الصحاح (م ر ر).\n(^٦) أخرجه إبراهيم الحربى في غريب الحديث ١/ ٨١، ٨٢، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٢٦) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٧) في س، م: \"على العصائب\".\n(^٨) الزندان؛ مثنى الزند: والزند من الذراع: ما انحسر عنه اللحم. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٠٠، =","vol":"2","page":194},{"text":"يَدَيه، فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَمسَحَ على الجَبائرِ. ولَو عَرَفتُ إِسنادَه بالصِّحَّةِ قُلتُ بهِ (^١). يَعنِي ما:\n\n١٠٩٦ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ السَّختيانيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَبانٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، حدَّثَني إِسرائيلُ، عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أَبيه، عن جدِّه، عن علي بنِ أبي طالِب قال: انكَسَرَت إِحدَى زَندَيَّ فسألتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"امسَحْ على الجَبائرِ\" (^٣). عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ الواسِطيُّ مَعروفٌ بوَضعِ الحديثِ (^٤)، كَذَّبَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٥) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٦) وغَيرُهُما مِن أَئمَّةِ الحديث، ونَسَبَه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ إلى وضعِ الحديثِ وقال: كانَ في جِوارِنا فلمَّا فُطِنَ له تَحَوَّلَ إلى واسِطٍ (^٧). وتابَعَه على ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ موسَى بنِ وجيهٍ، فرواه عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ مِثلَه (^٨). وعُمَرُ بنُ موسَى مَتروكٌ\n_________\n= والمصباح المنير ص ٩٨.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٣)، والشافعى ١/ ٤٤.\n(^٢) في س، ب، م: \"السجستانى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٥/ ١٧٧٥، ١٧٧٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٥٧) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٤) هو عمرو بن خالد أبو خالد القرشى الواسطى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٧٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٦٠٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٥٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٢٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٦٩: متروك.\n(^٥) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٣٣٠، ٣٦٣٥، ٤٥٤٩).\n(^٦) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣١٥، ٤/ ٣٥٢ (١٠٥٢، ٤٧٣٣).\n(^٧) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٧٤.\n(^٨) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٤٢) من طريق عمر بن موسى به.","vol":"2","page":195},{"text":"مَنسوبٌ إلى الوَضعِ (^١)، ونَعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الخِذلانِ. ورُوِي بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَجهولٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ (^٢) ولَيسَ بشَئٍ. ورواه أبو الوَليدِ خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ المَكِّيُّ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ عن عليٍّ مُرسَلًا (^٣). وأبو الوَليدِ ضَعيفٌ (^٤). ولا يثبُتُ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في هذا البابِ شَيءٌ، وأَصَحُّ ما رُوِي فيه حَديثُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ الذي قَد تقدَّم ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ، وإِنَّما فيه قَولُ الفُقَهاءِ مِنَ التّابِعينَ فمَن بَعدَهُم مَعَ ما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ في المَسحِ على العِصابَةِ. والله أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرٍو -أَظنه ابنَ مُرَّةَ- عن يوسُفَ المَكِّيِّ قال: احتَلَمَ صاحِبٌ لَنا وبِه جِراحَةٌ وقَد عَصَبَ صَدرَه، فسألْنا عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ فقالَ: يَغتَسِلُ ويَمسَحُ الخِرقَةَ -أَو قال- يَمسَحُ صَدرَه (^٥).\n\n١٠٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) هو عمر بن موسى بن وجيه المِيتَمي الوجهي الحمصي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٩٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٣٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٨٠٦، والكامل لابن عدي ٥/ ١٦٦٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٦ - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٤٤، ٨٤٥) - من طريق أبي الوليد به.\n(^٤) هو خالد بن يزيد المكي، أبو الوليد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٢٨٤، والكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ٨٨٨، ٨٨٩، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦٤٦، ٦٤٧، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٨٩، ٣٩١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٨) من طريق شعبة، وأخرجه في (١٤٥٢) من طريق عمرو بن مرة بنحوه.","vol":"2","page":196},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِي ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِيُّ قال: سألتُ طاوُسًا عن الخَدْشِ يَكونُ بالرَّجُلِ، فيُريدُ الوُضوءَ أوِ الاغتِسالَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، وقَد عَصَبَ عليه خِرقَةً، فقالَ: إِن كان يَخافُ فليَمسَحْ على الخِرقَةِ، وإِن كان لا يَخافُ فليَغسِلْها (^١).\n\n١٠٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدَّثَني أبو بكرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبي رَباحٍ ومُجاهِدَ بنَ جَبرٍ وطاوُسًا يَقولونَ في رجلٍ أَصابَ إِصبَعَه جُرحٌ، فقالوا: يَغسِلُ ما أَصابَه مِن دَمِه ثم يَعصبُها، ثم يَمسَحُ على العِصابِ إذا تَوَضّأَ، فإِن نَفَذَ مِنها (^٢) الدَّمُ حَتَّى يَظهَرَ فليُبدِلْها بأُخرَى، ثم يَمسَحُ عَلَيها إذا تَوَضّأَ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى البَصرِيِّ، أن هِشامَ بنَ حَسّانَ حدَّثه، أن رجلًا أَتَى الحَسَنَ فسألَه وأَنا أَسمَعُ، فقالَ: انكَسَرَت فخِذُه أَو ساقُه فتُصيبُه الجَنابَةُ. فأَمَرَه أن يَمسَحَ على الجَبائرِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٥) من طريق سليمان التيمي بنحوه.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"منه\".\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦١٦ - ٦٢١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٤، ١٤٤٥، ١٤٥٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٣) من طريق هشام عن يونس عن الحسن مختصرًا. وينظر أيضًا ما أخرجه في (١٤٥٠).","vol":"2","page":197},{"text":"١١٠١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُدَيرٍ قال: كان بي جُرحٌ شَديدٌ مِنَ الطَّاعونِ وأَصابَتني جَنابَةٌ، فسألتُ أبا مِجْلَزٍ فقالَ: امسَحْ، فإِنَّه يَكفيكَ (^١).\n\n١١٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِي ابنَ مُسلِمٍ قال: وأَخبَرَني شَيبانُ، عن أَشعَثَ قال: سألتُ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيُّ فقُلتُ: انكَسَرَت يَدِي وعَلَيها خِرقَتُها (^٢) وعيدانُها وجَبائرُها، فربما أَصابَتنِي جَنابَةٌ فقالَ: امسَحْ عَلَيها بالماءِ، فإِنَّ اللهَ تعالَى يَعذِرُ بالمَعذِرَةِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: لا توضَعُ العِصابُ (^٤) والجَبائرُ على الجُرحِ والكَسرِ إذا كان في مَوضِعِ الوُضوءِ، حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ويَغسِلَ مَوضِعَ ذَلِكَ الجُرحِ لِما ظَهَرَ مِن دَمِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-307>بابُ الصَّحيحِ المُقيمِ يَتَوَضَّأ لِلمَكتوبَةِ والجِنازَةِ والعيدِ ولا يَتَيَمَّمُ</span>\n\n١١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَشامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٧) من طريق معاذ مختصرًا.\n(^٢) في نسخة من الأصل: \"خِرَقها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف (٦٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٤) من طريق أشعث بنحوه.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"العصائب\".","vol":"2","page":198},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُقبَلُ (^١) صَلاةُ أَحَدِكُم إذا أَحدَثَ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، ورواه البخاريُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي المَليحِ يَعنِي ابنَ أُسامَةَ، عن أَبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَقبَلُ الله صَلاةً بغَيرِ طُهورٍ، ولا صَدَقَةً مِن غُلولٍ\" (^٤). أبو المَلِيحِ هو ابنُ أُسامَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ.\n\n١١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتيُّ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عُمَرُ (^٥) بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرني أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أخبرَني سالِمٌ مَولَى المَهرِيِّ قال: خَرَجتُ أَنا وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي بكرٍ إلى جِنازَةِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، فمَرَرتُ أَنا وعَبدُ الرحمنِ على حُجرَةِ عائشةَ فدَعا عبدُ الرحمنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يقبل الله\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٦٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٥)، والبخاري (١٣٥).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٩) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم من طريق شعبة في (١٩٠).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عمرو\".","vol":"2","page":199},{"text":"بوَضوءٍ، فسَمِعتُ عائشةَ تُناديه: يا عبدَ الرحمنِ، أَسبغِ الوُضوءَ، فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النَّار\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ، وزادَ أبو سعيدٍ في حَديثِه: فأَمَرَت له عائشَةُ بوَضوءٍ وقالَت لَه.\n\n١١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن رِبعِيٍّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"جُعِلَت لِي تُربَتُها طَهورًا إذا لم نَجِدِ (^٢) الماءَ\" (^٣). رواه مسلم عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الحسنِ الإسفَرايينيُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البيهقي، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الليث، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنه قال: لا يُصلِّي على الجِنازَةِ إِلا وهو طاهِرٌ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ (^٦). والَّذِي رُوِي عنه في التَّيَمُّمِ لِصَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ يَحتمِلُ أن يَكونَ في السَّفَرِ عِندَ عَدَمِ الماءِ. وفِي إِسنادِ حَديثِ ابنِ عمرَ في التَّيَمُّمِ ضعف ذَكَرناه في كِتابِ \"المعرفة\" (^٧)، والذِي رَوَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٢٤٠/ ...) من طريق عمر بن يونس به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يجد\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٧٣، ٣٢١٨١). وتقدم من طريق ابن فضيل في (١٠٣٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤/ ٥٢٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٣١).\n(^٦) مالك ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٧) المعرفة ١/ ٣٠٢، ٣٠٣.","vol":"2","page":200},{"text":"المُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في ذَلِكَ لا يَصحُّ عنه (^١)، إنَّما هو قَولُ عَطاءٍ، كَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ مِن قَولِه (^٢)، وهَذا أَحَدُ ما أَنكَرَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٣) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٤) على المُغيرَةِ بنِ زيادٍ، وقَد رُفِع إلى النبي - ﷺ - (^٥)، وهو خَطأٌ قَد بَيَّناه في \"الخلافيات\" (^٦). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-308>بابُ المُسافِرِ يَتَيَمَّمُ في أَوَّلِ الوَقتِ إذا لم يَجِد ماءً ويُصَلِّي ثم لا يُعيدُ وإِن وجَدَ الماءَ في آخِرِ الوَقتِ</span>\n\n١١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا عُمَيرُ بنُ مِرداسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن الليث بنِ سَعدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخدريِّ قال خَرَجَ رجلانِ في سَفَرٍ فحَضَرَتِ الصلاةُ ولَيسَ مَعَهُما ماءٌ، فتَيَمَّما صَعيدًا طَيِّبًا فصَلَّيا، ثم وجَدا الماءَ في الوَقتِ، فأَعادَ أَحَدُهُما الصلاةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٥٧٦)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٨٦، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٦٢)، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٨٥٥)، والمعرفة (٣٥١) من طريق المغيرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٢٧٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (١١٥٨٠)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٨٦ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٣/ ٣٥، ١٦٣ (٤٠٥٥، ٤٠٥٦، ٤٧٢٩).\n(^٤) يحيى بن معين -كما في العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٣/ ٢٨ (٤٠١١)، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٢٢، والخلافيات (٨٥٧)، والمعرفة (٣٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٤٠ - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٥٨) - من طريق المغيرة به.\n(^٦) الخلافيات ٢/ ٥١٦ - ٥١٨.","vol":"2","page":201},{"text":"والوُضوءَ ولَم يُعِدِ الآخَرُ، ثم أَتَيا رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - فذَكَرا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ لِلَّذِي لم يُعِدْ: \"أَصَبتَ السُّنَّةَ وأَجزأتكَ صَلاتُكَ\". وقالَ لِلذِي تَوَضَّأَ وأَعادَ: \"لَكَ الأجرُ مَرَّتَينِ\" (^١).\n\n١١١٠ - ورواه غَيرُ عبدِ الله بنِ نافِعٍ عن الليث عن عَمِيرةَ (^٢) بنِ أبي ناجيَةَ عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن الليث، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ أبي ناجيَةَ. فذكَره (^٣). كَذا في كِتابِي: عُمَيرٌ. والصواب عَمِيرَةُ بنُ أبي ناجيَةَ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: ذِكرُ أبي سعيدٍ في هذا الحديث وهمٌ ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ، هو مُرسَلٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وفيه اختِلافٌ ثالِثٌ:\n\n١١١١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّه مَولَى إِسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رجلَينِ مِن أَصحابِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٨، ١٧٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارمي (٧٧١)، وأبو داود (٣٣٨)، والنسائي (٤٣١) من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به.\n(^٢) في د: \"عمرة\"، وفي م: \"عمير\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٩.\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٣٣٨) دون قوله: وهم.","vol":"2","page":202},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ -. بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١١١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاق إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جُعشُمٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: تَيَمَّمَ ابنُ عمرَ على رأسِ ميلٍ أَو ميلَينِ مِنَ المَدينَةِ فصَلَّى العَصرَ، فقَدِمَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ ولَم يُعِدِ الصَّلاةَ (^٢).\n\n١١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاق القاضِي، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ ميناءَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أَبيه قال: كان مَن أَدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلى قَولِهِم مِنهُم سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ. فذكَر الفُقَهاءَ السَّبعَةَ مِنَ المَدينَةِ، وذكَر أَشياءَ مِن أَقاويلِهِم، وفيها: وكانوا يَقولونَ: مَن تَيَمَّمَ فصَلَّى ثم وجَدَ الماءَ وهو في وقتٍ أو في غَيرِ وقتٍ فلا إعادَةَ عليه، ويَتَوَضَّأُ لِما يَستَقبِلُ مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ ويَغتَسِلُ، والتَّيَمُّمُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ والوُضوءُ سَواءٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٣٩).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٠، وفيه: \"هيثم\" بدلًا من: \"جعشم\". وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٨٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٥٨)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٨٦ من طريق الثورى به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٧٧).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٨١، ٨٨٥، ٨٩١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨١١٤).","vol":"2","page":203},{"text":"ورُوِّيناه عن الشَّعبِيِّ والنَّخَعِيِّ والزهرِيِّ وغَيرِهِم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-309>بابُ تَعجيلِ الصَّلاةِ بالتَّيَمُّمِ إذا لم يَكُنْ عَلى ثِقَةٍ مِن وُجودِ الماءِ في الوَقت</span>\n\n١١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الخُزاعِيُّ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسلَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ غَنامٍ، عن بَعضِ أُمَّهاتِه، عن أُمِّ فروَةَ قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: أَيُّ الأعمالِ أَفضلُ؟ فقالَ: \"الصَلاةُ في أَوَّلِ وقتِها\" (^٢). قال الخُزاعِيُّ في حَديثِه: عن عَمَّةٍ له يُقالُ لها: أُمُّ فروَةَ. قَد بايَعَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ.\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ ما قَد مَضى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-310>بابُ مَن تَلَوَّمَ (^٤) ما بَينَه وبَينَ آخِرِ الوَقتِ رَجاءَ وُجودِ الماءِ</span>\n\n١١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٨٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨١١٢، ٨١١٤) عن الشعبى والنخعى، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨١٠٧) عن الزهري بلفظ: يعيد الصلاة.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١١). وسيأتي في (٢٠٦٧).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٧٧، ١١١٢)، وسيأتي في (١١١٧).\n(^٤) تلوم: تمكَّث وانتظر. النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٨، والقاموس المحيط ٤/ ١٧٩ (ل وم).","vol":"2","page":204},{"text":"أجنَبَ الرَّجُلُ في السَّفَرِ تَلَوَّمَ ما بَينَه وبَينَ آخِرِ الوَقت، فإِن لم يَجِدِ الماءَ تَيَمَّمَ وصَلَّى (^١). الحارِثُ الأعوَرُ (^٢) لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-311>بابٌ ما رُوِي في طَلَبِ الماءِ وفي حَدِّ الطَّلَبِ</span>\n\n١١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن عبدَ الرحمن بنَ القاسِمِ حدَّثه، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ قالَت: ثم إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - استَيقَظَ وحَضَرَتِ الصلاةُ، فالتُمِسَ الماءُ فلَم يوجَدْ (^٤)، فنَزَلَت آيَةُ التَّيَمُّمِ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٦).\n\n١١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زُنبورٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ تَيَمَّمَ بمَربَدِ النَّعَمِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٦، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٦٢). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١٠، ٨١٠٩)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٥٧) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) في س: \"الأعرج\".\n(^٣) تقدم في ١/ ٣٦.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يجده\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٧٦).\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٦٠٨، ٦٨٤٥).","vol":"2","page":205},{"text":"وصَلَّى وهو على ثَلاثَةِ أَميالٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ، ثم دَخَلَ المَدينَةَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ فلَم يُعِدْ (^١).\nرواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (^٢)، ورواه يَحيَى الأنصاريُّ ومالِكٌ عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١١١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانيُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِي ابنَ مُسلِمٍ قال: قيلَ لأبِي عمرٍو يَعني الأوزاعِيَّ: حَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ والماءُ جائرٌ عن الطَّريقِ، أَيَجِبُ عَلَيَّ أن أَعدِلَ إِلَيهِ؟ قال: حدَّثَني موسَى بنُ يَسارٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَكونُ في السَّفَرِ فتَحضُرُه الصَّلاةُ والماءُ مِنه على غَلوَةٍ أَو غَلوَتَينِ (^٤) ونَحوِ ذَلِكَ، ثم لا يَعدِلُ إِلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n١١١٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ المُبارَكِ يُحَدِّثُ عن حَكيمِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ، عن أَبيه قال: سألتُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن راعٍ في غَنَمِه أَو راعٍ تُصيبُه جَنابَةٌ وبَينَه وبَينَ الماءِ ميلانِ أَو ثَلاثَةٌ، قال: يَتَيَمَّمُ صَعيدًا طَيِّبًا.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه من طريق ابن عيينة في (١٠٧٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٦ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٥٦. وتقدم تخريجه من طريق يحيى في (١١١٢).\n(^٤) الغلوة: تساوى أربعمائة ذراع، أي ٨٠.١٨٤ مترًا. معجم لغة الفقهاء ص ٣٣٤، ٤٥١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٣٢) من طريق الوليد به.","vol":"2","page":206},{"text":"١١٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عمرَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ قال: اطلُبِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَكونَ آخِرُ الوَقتِ، فإِن لم تَجِدْ ماءً تَيَمَّمْ ثم صَلِّ (^١).\nوهَذا لم يَصحَّ عن عَلِيٍّ. وبِالثّابِتِ عن ابنِ عمرَ نَقولُ، ومَعَه ظاهِرُ القُرآنِ.\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-312> بابُ الجُنُبِ أَوِ المُحدِثِ يَجِدُ ماءً لِغُسلِه وهو يَخاف العَطَشَ فيَتَيَمُّم</span>\n\n١١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن زاذانَ، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا أجنَبَ الرَّجُلُ في أَرضِ فلاةٍ ومَعَه ماءٌ يَسيرٌ، فليُؤثِرْ نَفسَه بالماءِ وليَتَيَمَّمْ بالصعيدِ (^٢).\n\n١١٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن زاذانَ، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا أَصابَتْكَ جَنابَةٌ فأَرَدتَ أن تتَوَضأَ -أَو قال: تَغتَسِلَ- ولَيسَ مَعَكَ مِن الماءِ إِلا ما تَشرَبُ وأَنتَ تَخافُ فتَيَمَّمْ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١٥).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٢ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":207},{"text":"ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السائب، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا كُنتَ مُسافِرًا وأَنتَ جُنُبٌ، أَو أَنتَ على غَيرِ وُضوءٍ، فخِفتَ إِن تَوَضّأْتَ أن تَموتَ مِنَ العَطَشِ، فلا توَضّأْ واحبِسْ لِنَفسِكَ (^١).\nورُوِّيناه عن الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ وعَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وطاوُسٍ وغَيرِهِم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-313>بابُ المُتَيَمِّمِ يَؤُمُ المُتَوَضِّئيَن </span>(^٣)\n\n١١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن أَشعَثَ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن سعيدٍ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ في سَفَرٍ معه أُناسٌ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيهِم عَمّارٌ، فصَلَّى بهِم وهو مُتَيَمِّمٌ (^٤).\nورُوِّيناه عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب والحَسَن وعَطاءٍ والزُّهريِّ (^٥). وحَديثُ عمرو بن العاصِ قَد مَضَى في هذا الَبابِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-314>بابُ كَراهيَةِ مَن كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١١٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاق،\n_________\n(^١) توضأ، جاءت في الأصل: \"توضه\". والأثر عبد ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٦).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٩٦، ٨٩٧، ٨٩٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٥).\n(^٣) في د: \"المتوضئ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٤٢)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٦٠) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٠٦، ٩٠٧، ٩١٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٤٦، ١٠٤٧).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٨٤، ١٠٨٥).","vol":"2","page":208},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يَؤُمَّ المُتَيَمِّمُ المُتَوَضِّئين (^١). وهَذا إِسنادٌ لا تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ.\n\n١١٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أَصابَ ابنَ عمرَ جَنابَةٌ في سَفَرٍ فتَيَمَّمَ، فأَمَرَنى فصَلَّيتُ به وكُنتُ مُتَوَضِّئًا (^٢). وهَذا مَحمولٌ على الاستِحبابِ.\nورُوِي فيه حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١١٢٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ رميسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ ماتِعٍ الحِميَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إِسماعيلَ الكوفِيُّ أَسَدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ بَيانٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" لا يَؤُمُّ المتَيَمِّمُ المُتَوَضِّئينَ\". قال عَلِيٌّ: إِسنادُه ضعيفٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"المتوضئ\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥ من طريق حفص به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٦٦٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٦١) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٨٥.","vol":"2","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-315>جماعُ أَبوابِ ما يُفسِدُ الماءَ بابُ الماءِ الدّائمِ تَقَعُ فيه نَجاسَةٌ وهو أَقَلُّ مِنَ قُلَّتَيِن</span>\n\n١١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيِّ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُبالُ في الماءِ الدّائمِ الذي لا يَجرِي ثم يُغتَسَلُ مِنه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٩ - قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم فلا يَضَعْ يَدَه في الوَضوءِ في حَتَّى يَغسِلَها، إِنَّه (^٣) لا يَدرِي أحدُكم (^٤) أَينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٥). رَواهُما مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٦).\nقال الزَّعفَرانيُّ: قال الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ: فإِن عَجَنَ به -يَعنِي بالماءِ النَّجِسِ- عَجينًا لم يُؤْكَلْ، وأَطعَمَه الدَّوابَّ (^٧).\nقالَ الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقَد رُوِّينا عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ أنه يُطعِمُه الدَّجاجَ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"المسلمى\".\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٩٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٨٦)، والترمذي (٦٨).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فإنه\"، وفي د: \"لأنه\".\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ب، م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٨٢) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٧٨/ ٠٠٠)، (٢٨٢/ ٩٦).\n(^٧) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٧٩ عن الشافعى.\n(^٨) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٦).","vol":"2","page":210},{"text":"١١٣٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَني أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى إِسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِيُّ وهارونُ بنُ موسَى الفَروِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أَنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، حدَّثَني عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ أخبرَه أن النّاس نَزَلوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الحِجرَ أَرضَ ثَمودَ فاستَقَوا مِن بيارِها وعَجَنوا به، فأَمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُهَرِيقوا ما استَقَوا ويُطعِموا الإبِلَ العَجينَ، وأمَرَهُم أن يَستَقُوا مِنَ البِئرِ التي كانَت تَرِدُها النّاقَةُ (^١). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ موسَى الأنصارِيِّ، ورواه البخاريُّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن أَنَسِ بنِ عِياضٍ (^٢).\nوهَذا الماءُ وإِن لم يَكُنْ نَجِسًا، فحينَ كان مَمنوعًا مِن استِعمالِه أُمِرَ بإِراقَتِه وأُمِرَ بإِطعامِ ما عُجِنَ به الإبِلَ، فكَذَلِكَ ما يَكونُ مَمنوعًا مِنه لِنَجاسَتِهِ.\n\n١١٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا [ابنُ سَلمٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أَنَسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن عَجينٍ وقَعَ فيه قَطَراتٌ مِن دَمٍ، فنَهَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - عن أَكلِهِ. قال الوَليدُ: لأنَّ النّارَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٢٠٢)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٣٤ من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٨١/ ٤٠)، والبخاري (٣٣٧٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"أبو مسلم\"، وفي ب، م: \"ابن مسلم\". والمثبت من: د، وهو الصواب، وهو موافق لما عند ابن عدي. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٠٦.","vol":"2","page":211},{"text":"لا تُنَشِّفُ الدَّمَ (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَناه ابنُ سَلمٍ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِهِ، وإِنَّما يَروِي هذا سُوَيدٌ عن نوحِ بنِ ذَكوانَ عن الحسنِ عن أَنَسٍ.\n\n١١٣٢ - قال أبو أحمدَ (^٢): حَدَّثَناه صالِحُ بنُ أبي الحسنِ (^٣)، حدثنا موسَى بنُ سليمانَ (^٤) المَنبِجِيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن نوحِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن الحسنِ، عن أَنَسٍ، أن جاريَةً لَهُم عَجَنَت لَهُم عَجينًا في جَفنَةٍ، فأَصابَت يَدَها حَديدَةٌ في العَجينِ، فسألَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا تأكُلوه\". قال أبو أحمدَ (^٥): وسُوَيدٌ الذي خَلَطَ في رِوايَةِ هذا الحديثِ؛ فمرَّةً رواه عن نوحٍ عن الحسنِ. ومَرَّةً عن حُمَيدٍ عن أَنَسٍ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وعامَّةُ حَديثِه مِمّا لا يُتابِعُه الثقاتُ عليه وهو ضَعيفٌ كما وصَفوه. يَعني أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ (^٦) وغَيرَهُما مِنَ الأئمَّةِ، ضَعَّفوا سُوَيدًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٢٦٢. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٢٣٩)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٣/ ١٥٤ من طريق هشام بن خالد به.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٣/ ١٢٦٢. وفيه: (جريدة) بدلًا من: \"حديدة\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الجن\"، وكذا في الكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٤٣٤، ٢/ ٣٧، ٣/ ٣١٠، ٣١٣، ٥/ ١٦٢ وغيرها (تحقيق يحيى مختار غزاوى)، وفي الإكمال ٢/ ٣١٣، وتاريخ دمشق ٦٢/ ٨٠. وجاء في مواضع أخرى في الكامل: \"الحسن\". ينظر ١/ ١٥٢، ٢٥٤، وجاء في ميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٦٩ عن ابن عدي: \"الحسن\". وفي نسخة منه: \"الجن\".\n(^٤) في د: \"سلمان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٧٣.\n(^٥) الكامل ٣/ ١٢٦٢.\n(^٦) العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٤٧٧ (٣١٢٦)، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدوري ٤/ ٤١٥، ٤٥٨ (٥٠٤٤، ٥٢٨٠).\n(^٧) هو سويد بن عبد العزيز بن نمير السلمي، أبو محمد الدمشقي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٤٨، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٣٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٥٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٥١.=","vol":"2","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-316>بابُ طَهارَةِ الماءِ المُستَعمَلِ</span>\n\n١١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، [حدثنا أبو عمر] (^١)، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالهاجِرَةِ فصَلَّى بالبَطحاءِ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، ونَصب بَينَ يَدَيه عَنَزَةً (^٢) وتَوَضّأَ، فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يَتَمَسَّحونَ بوَضوئِهِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٤).\n\n١١٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثقفيُّ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، واللفظ لِلثَّقَفِيِّ، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوب، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ جابِرًا يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعودُنِي وأَنا مَريضٌ لا أَعقِلُ، فتَوَضّأَ وصَبَّ عَلَيَّ مِن وَضوئِه فعَقَلتُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، لِمَنِ الميراثُ، إنَّما يَرِثُنِي كَلالَةٌ؟ فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الفَرائضِ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n= قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٤٠: لين الحديث.\n(^١) سقط من: ب، وفي س، م: \"حدثنا أبو عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٦.\n(^٢) العنزة: عصا مثل نصف الرمح أو أكبر شيئًا، وفيها سنان، والعكازة قريب منها. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٤٤، ١٨٧٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠١)، ومسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٦٦) من طريق أبي الوليد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢١) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذي (٢٠٩٦) من طريق ابن المنكدر به وسيأتي في (١٢٣٢٩، ١٢٣٣٠).","vol":"2","page":213},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ. فذَكَرَت غُسلَ النبي - ﷺ - قالَت: فلَمّا فرَغَ تَنَحَّى فغَسَلَ رِجلَيه، فأَعطَيتُه مِلحَفَةً فأَبَى، فجَعَلَ يَنفُضُ الماءَ بيَدِهِ (^٢). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ [عن الأعمَشِ] (^٣).\n\n١١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ [إسحاقَ الثقَفِيُّ] (^٤)، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا رِشدين يَعنِي ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ أَنعُمٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا تَوَضّأَ مَسَحَ وجهَه بطَرَفِ ثَوبِهِ (^٥). قال أبو العباسِ: سَمِعتُ أبا رَجاءٍ يقولُ: سألَني أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن هذا الحديث فكَتَبَه.\nقال الشيخُ: وإِسنادُه لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٤)، ومسلم (١٦١٦/ ٨، ...).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (٧٧٤) من طريق زاندة به. وتقدم في (٨٣٠ - ٨٣٢، ٨٣٦، ٨٥١، ٩٦٧).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، ب، د. والحديث عند مسلم (٣٣٧/ ٧٣).\n(^٤) في د: \"يعقوب\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٤) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به، وقال: غريب. وإسناده ضعيف، ورشدين بن سعد وعبد الرحمن بن زياد بن أنعم الإفريقى يضعفان في هذا الحديث. وتقدم في (٨٩٥).","vol":"2","page":214},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ أنَّه قالَ: ربما لم يَجِدْ محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ المِنديلَ، فيَمسَحُ وجهَه بثَوبِهِ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ قالَ: قالَ الشافعيُّ: فإِن قالَ قائلٌ: فمِن أَينَ لم يَكُنْ نَجِسًا؟ قيلَ: مِن قِبَلِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ، ولا شَكَّ أن مِنَ الوَضوءِ ما يُصيبُ ثيابَه، ولَم نعلمْه غَسَلَ ثيابَه مِنه ولا أَبدَلَها، ولا عَلِمتُه فعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وكانَ مَعقولًا إِذ لم تَمَسَّ الماءَ نَجاسَةٌ أنَّه لا يَنجُسُ (^١).\n\n١١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الرَّجُلِ يَغتَسِلُ في (^٢) الإناءِ، فيَنتَضحُ مِنَ الذي يَصبُّ عليه في الإناءِ، قالَ: إنَّ الماءَ طَهورٌ ولا يُطَهَّرُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-317>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه يأخُذُ لِكلِّ عُضوٍ منه (^٤) ماءً جَديدًا ولا يَتَطَهَّرُ بالماءِ المُستَعمَلِ</span>\n\n١١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ٣٠.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ب: \"من\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٢) عن سعيد بن بشير عن قتادة عن عكرمة به. وأيضًا (٢٥٦) من طريق قتادة عن ابن عباس.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"2","page":215},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ إِدريس، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضأَ فغَرَفَ غَرفَةً، فمَضمَضَ واستَنشَقَ مِنها، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ وجهَه، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُمنَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ يَدَه اليُسرَى، ثم أَخَذَ شَيئًا مِن ماءٍ فمَسَحَ به رأسَه، وقالَ بالوُسطَيَينِ مِن أَصابِعِه في باطِنِ أُذُنَيه والإبهامَينِ مِن وراءِ أُذُنَيه، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى، ثم غَرَفَ غَرفَةً فغَسَلَ قَدَمَه اليُسرَى (^١).\n\n١١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأَيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السرح، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدَّثني ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن حَبّانَ بنَ واسِعٍ حدَّثه، أن أَباه حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ المازنيَّ يَذكُرُ أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - تَوَضَّأَ فمَضمَضَ ثم استَنثَرَ، ثم غَسَلَ وجهَه ثَلاثًا، ويَدَه اليُمنَى ثَلاثًا، والأُخرَى ثَلاثًا، ثم مَسَحَ برأسِه بماءٍ غَيرِ فضلِ يَدِه، وغَسَلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥، ٣١٧).","vol":"2","page":216},{"text":"رِجلَيه حَتَّى أَنقاهُما (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ السّرحِ وهارون بنِ معروفٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ الأنطاكِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذ ابنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: أَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمِيضأةٍ تَسَعُ مُدًّا أَو مُدًا وثُلُثًا، فقالَ: \"اسكُبِي\". قالَت: فسَكَبتُ عليه، فغَسَلَ وجهَه وذِراعَيه إلى مِرفَقَيه، وأَخَذَ ماءً جَديدًا فمَسَحَ رأسَه مُقَدَّمَه ومُؤَخَّرَه، وغَسَلَ قَدَمَيه ثَلاثًا (^٣). هَكَذا رواه شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وهو موافِقٌ لِلرِّوايَةِ الصَّحيحَةِ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدٍ.\nورُوِي عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ ما يُشبِهُ خِلافَه ويُشبِهُ موافَقَتَهُ:\n\n١١٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ داودَ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ برأسِه مِن فضلِ ماءٍ كان في يَدِهِ (^٤). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ داودَ وغَيرِه عن الثورِيِّ (^٥). وقالَ بَعضُهُم: ببَلَلِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧)، وأبو داود (١٢٠). وتقدم تخريجه من طريق ابن وهب (٣١٠، ٣١١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٩٠) من طريق الهيثم بن جميل به، وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣١٣): حسن دون قوله: وأخذ ماءً جديدًا.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٨)، وأبو داود (١٣٠). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٨٧، والمصنّف في الخلافيات (٨٦٩) من طرق عن عبد الله بن أبي داود به.","vol":"2","page":217},{"text":"يَدَيهِ. وكأنَّه أَرادَ: أَخَذَ ماء جَديدًا فصَبَّ بَعضَه ومَسَحَ رأسَه ببَلَلِ يَدَيهِ. وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ لم يَكُنْ بالحافِظِ (^١)، وأَهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ مُختَلِفونَ في جَوازِ الاحتِجاجِ برِواياتِهِ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عَبَّس الدُّورِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: ابنُ عَقيل لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِهِ (^٢). وقالَ أبو عيسَى: سألتُ البُخارِيَّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ فقالَ: رأَيتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَل وإِسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ والحُمَيدِيَّ يَحتَجُّونَ بحَديثِه، وهو مُقارِبُ الحَديثِ (^٣). وقَد رُوِي فيه عن أبي الدَّرداءِ عن النبي - ﷺ -، وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ، ورُوِي عن علي وابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ مَسعودٍ وعائشَةَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - في الغُسلِ شَئٌ في مَعناه، ولا يَصِحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ لِضَعفِ أَسانيدِه، وقَد بَيَّنتُه في \"الخلافيات\" (^٤)، وأَصَحُّ شَئٍ فيه ما رواه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٥) عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ، عن حَمّاد، عن إسحاقَ بنِ سوَيد، عن العَلاءِ بنِ زيادٍ،\n_________\n(^١) هو عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل القرشى الهاشمى، أبو محمد المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٢/ ٣، والكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٤٤٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٢٠٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٧٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٤٨٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٤٧، ٤٤٨: صدوق في حديثه لين.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٢٥٧ (١٢١٢). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٢/ ٢٦٤ من طريق المصنف به. وفي ٣٢/ ٢٦٣ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به بنحوه. وابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٥٤ عن الدورى.\n(^٣) الترمذي عقب (٣)، والعلل عقب (٢).\n(^٤) الخلافيات (٨٧٣ - ٨٨٢).\n(^٥) المراسيل (٧).","vol":"2","page":218},{"text":"عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه اغتَسَلَ فرأى لُمعَةً على مَنكِبِه لم يُصِبْها الماءُ، فأَخَذَ خُصلَةً مِن شَعَرِ رأسِه فعَصَرَها على منكِبِه، ثم مَسَحَ يَدَه على ذَلِكَ المَكانِ. وهَذا مُنْقَطِعٌ.\n\n١١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن أبا السّائبِ مَولَى هِشامِ بنِ زُهرَةَ حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يَغتَسِلُ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدّائمِ وهو جُنُبٌ\". فقالَ: كَيفَ يَفعَلُ يا أبا هُرَيرَةَ؟ قال: يَتَناوَله تَناوُلًا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وأَبِي الطّاهِرِ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عيسَى، كُلُّهم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢). كَذا روِي بهَذا الإسنادِ. وهو مَحمولٌ على ماءٍ دائمٍ يَكونُ أَقَلَّ مِن قُلَّتَينِ، فإِذا اغتَسَلَ فيه صارَ مُستَعمَلًا، فلا يُمكِنُ غَيرُه أن يَتَطَهَّرَ به، فأَمَرَ بأَن يَتَناوَلَه تَناوُلًا؛ لِئَلا يَصيرَ ما يَبقَى فيه مُستَعمَلًا. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١١٤٣ - وهَكَذا مَعنَى ما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣)، وابن حبان (١٢٥٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وليس عند النسائي قول أبي هريرة.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٣).","vol":"2","page":219},{"text":"القَطَّانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَبولَنَّ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدَّائمِ ولا يَغتَسِلْ فيه مِنَ الجَنابَةِ\" (^١). هذا رواه ابنُ عَجلانَ عن أَبيه بهَذا اللَّفظِ.\n\n١١٤٤ - وروِي عنه، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، أنه نَهَى أن يُبالَ في الماءِ الدَّائمِ، وأَن يُغتَسَلَ فيه مِنَ الجَنابَةِ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه عن أبي الزِّناد على لَفظٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١١٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُبالَ في الماءِ الدّائمِ ثم يُغتَسَلَ مِنه لِلجَنابَةِ (^٣). هذا اللَّفظُ هو الذي أُخرِجَ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن هذا الحديثِ: ثم يُغتَسَلَ مِنه. إِلا أنه لم يُخَرَّجْ فيه: لِلجَنابةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٥٩٦)، وابن حبان (١٢٥٧) من طريق يحيى به. وابن ماجه (٣٤٤) من طريق ابن عجلان به مختصرا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٥ من طريق ابن عجلان به دون قوله: من الجنابة.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩٦) من طريق يحيى بن محمد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٥).","vol":"2","page":220},{"text":"١١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنادِ، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ الأعرَجَ يحَدِّثُ أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: إنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يبولَنَّ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدَّائم ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه\". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^١).\nوَكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو الزِّنادِ عن موسَى بنِ أبي عثمانَ عن أَبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١١٤٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي عثمانَ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ رَفَعَه قال: \"لا يَبولَنَّ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدّائمِ ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ ثَبَتَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله التّاجِرُ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ (^٣) الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. وأَخبرَني أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأَخبَرَني أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الله واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢١، ٣٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦٦) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢١٥).\n(^٣) في س: \"حازم\".","vol":"2","page":221},{"text":"هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يَبولَنَّ أَحَدُكم في الماءِ الدّائمِ (^١) ثم يَتَوَضّأُ أَو يَغتَسِلُ مِنه\" (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه\". لم يَشُكَّ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عَوف عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ مَرفوعًا.\n\n١١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَوفٍ، [عن الحسنِ] (^٤)، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يبولَن أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدّائمِ ثم يَتَطَهَّرُ منه\" (^٥).\nوخالَفَهُما أَيّوبُ السَّختانيُّ، فرواه عن محمد مَوقوفًا على أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١١٥٠ - أخبرَناه عليّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيُّوب، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لا يَبولَنَّ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدَّائمِ ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ب، د: \"الراكد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٤٠)، والدارمي (٧٥٧)، وأبو داود (٦٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٢/ ٩٥).\n(^٤) ليس في: د.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٢٦)، والنسائي (٥٧) من طريق عوف عن ابن سيرين به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩٨) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٧).","vol":"2","page":222},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ مَوقوفًا.\nورواه هَمَّامُ بنُ مُنَبِّهٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١١٥١ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يبال في الماء الدائم الذي لا يجري ثم يغتسل منه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرزاق (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ ثَبَتَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٣). وعَن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n١١٥٢ - وروِي عن عَطاءِ بنِ مِيناءَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يبولَنَّ أحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدّائمِ ثم يَتَوَضأ مِنه أَو يَشرَبُ\". أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاق، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ أَنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ مِيناءَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ب، د: \"به\". والحديث تقدم تخريجه في (١١٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٢/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٨، ١٥٠٩) موقوفًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ٢٦ عن ابن وهب به. وابن خزيمة (٩٤) - وعنه ابن حبان (١٢٥٦) - من طريق أنس به.","vol":"2","page":223},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سليمانَ، عن يَحيَى [أبي عمرَ] (^١)، أن ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن ثَمانيَةِ رَهطٍ اغتَسَلوا مِن حَوضٍ واحِدٍ أَحَدُهُم جُنُبٌ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَئٌ (^٢).\nوهَذا إِن كانوا يَتَناوَلونَه تَناوُلًا فجائز، وإن كانوا انغَمَسوا فيه والماءُ قُلَّتانِ فصاعِدًا فجائزٌ أَيضًا، وإن كان أَقَلَّ فبِانغِماسِ جُنُبٍ فيه يَصيرُ مُستَعمَلًا، فالأثَرُ يَدُلُّ على أنه لا يَصيرُ نَجِسًا. والله أَعلَمُ.\n\n١١٥٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِي الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: حدَّثَني جَدِّي أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان أَحَدُنا يأتِي الغَديرَ (^٣) وهو جُنُبٌ فيَغتَسِلُ في ناحيَةٍ مِنه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-318>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن سُؤرَ الكلبِ نَجِسٌ</span>\n\n١١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عن أبي عمر\"، وفي ب، د: \" بن أبي عمر\"، وفي م: \"بن يعمر\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وهو موافق لما في مصادر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٥٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٤٠ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبي شيبة (١١٥٦)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٤١ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٨٢)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٨) من طريق يحيى أبي عمر به بنحوه.\n(^٣) الغدير: مستنقع ماء المطر صغيرًا كان أو كبيرًا. اللسان ٥/ ٨ (غ د ر).\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢١٣٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٥) عن هشيم عن أبي الزبير عن جابر أنه سئل عن الرجل الجنب ينتهي إلى الغدير ... وأيضًا (١٥٠٦) من طريق أبي الزبير عن جابر بنحوه.","vol":"2","page":224},{"text":"وأبو النَّضرِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ السَّعدِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي رَزينٍ وأبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في إناءِ أحَدِكُم فليُرقْد ثم لْيَغسِلْه سَبعَ مِرارٍ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٢).\n\n/<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-319> بابُ غَسْلِ الإِناءِ مِن وُلوغِ الكَلبِ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ</span>\n\n١١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ قال: حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبدَةَ السَّليطِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ [الحسينِ التُّرْكُ] (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا شَرِبَ الكلب في إناء أَحَدِكُم فليغسِلْه سبعَ مَرّاتٍ\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مرات\".\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي (٦٦، ٣٣٤) عن علي بن حجر به. وابن خزيمة (٩٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٢٩٦) من طريق علي بن مسهر به. وسيأتي من طريق آخر عن علي بن حجر في (١٢٢٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٩/ ٨٩).\n(^٣) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"القاضي\"، وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٤) في س: \"الحسين التركي\"، وفي د: \"الحسين المبرد\"، وفي م: \"الحسن التركي\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٦.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦١)، الشافعي ١/ ٦، ٧/ ٢٠٩، ومالك ١/ ٣٤، ومن طريقه أحمد =","vol":"2","page":225},{"text":"يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيىَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُه عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢). ورواه عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ عَيَّاشٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (^٣) عن أبي الزِّناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرةَ عن النبي - ﷺ - في الكَلبِ يَلَغُ في الإناءِ، أنه يَغسِلُه ثَلاثًا أَو خَمسًا أَو سَبعًا (^٤). وهَذا ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ. عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ الضَّحّاكِ مَتروكٌ (^٥)، وإِسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ لا يُحتَجُّ به خاصَّةً إذا رَوَى عن أَهلِ الحِجازِ (^٦). وقَد رواه عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ عن إِسماعيلَ عن هِشامٍ عن أبي الزِّنادِ: \"فاغسِلوه سبع مَرّاتٍ\" (^٧). كما رواه الثقاتُ.\n\n١١٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ\n_________\n= (٩٩٢٩)، وأبو داود -كما في التحفة ١٠/ ١٨٧ - والنسائي (٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٤).\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٩/ ٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"وغيره\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٥، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٩٧) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٥) هو عبد الوهاب بن الضحاك السلمي، أبو الحارث الحمصي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٠٠، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٧٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٤٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٩٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٤٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢٨: متروك.\n(^٦) هو إسماعيل بن عياش العنسي، أبو عتبة الحمصي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٦٩، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢٨٨، وتاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٢٢١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١٦٣، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٤٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٧٣: صدوق في روايته عن أهل بلده مخفط في غيرهم.\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٥، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٩٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن نجدة به.","vol":"2","page":226},{"text":"القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"طُهورُ إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ فيه أن يَغسِلَه سَبعَ مَرَّاتٍ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ (^٣) وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ (^٤) مُسنَدًا. وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ. وروِي عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥) وأَبِي هريرةَ (^٦) وعائشَةَ في غَسلِ الإناءِ مِن وُلوغِ الكَلبِ سَبعًا مِن فتواهُم (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-320>بابُ إِدخالِ التُّرابِ في إِحدَى غَسَلاتِهِ</span>\n\n١١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرو الزّاهِدُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابقٍ الخَولانِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٢٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٤٨). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٤٣) من طريق أحمد بن يوسف السلمي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٩/ ٩٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٦٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٢٧٨ - كشف)، والطبراني (١١٥٦٦)، وابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٢٣٥ - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٩٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه المروزي- كما في التمهيد لابن عبد البر ١٠/ ١٠٨، ١٠٩ - وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٣١).\n(^٦) سيأتي تخريجه عقب (١١٦٤).\n(^٧) إلى هنا ينتهى الموجود من النسخة رقم (٢٦٤) حديث المصورة من دار الكتب المصرية المشار إليها بالرمز (ب).","vol":"2","page":227},{"text":"حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنه قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"طُهورُ إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ فيه أن يَغسِلَه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ أُولاهُنَّ بالترابِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثني أبي، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسَّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إِسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا ولغَ الكَلبُ في إناءِ أحَدِكُم فليَغسِلْه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ أُولاهُنَّ أَو أُخراهُنَّ بتُرابٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١١٦١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا أَبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، أن محمدَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٥) عن الحاكم وأبي زكريا به. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٤ من طريق بحر بن نصر به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٩٠)، وأحمد (٩٥١١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٥) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٩/ ٩١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٤)، والشافعى في الأم ١/ ٦.","vol":"2","page":228},{"text":"سيرينَ حَدَّثه عن أبي هريرةَ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \" إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في الإناءِ فاغسِلوه سَبعَ مَرَّاتٍ، السّابِعَةَ (^١) بالتُّرابِ\" (^٢).\nوقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ بشيرٍ عن قَتادَةَ: \"الأُولَى بالتُّرابِ\":\n\n١١٦٢ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النيسابوريُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هانئ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إِلا أنَّه قال: \"الأُولَى بالتُّرابِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَني أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في الإِناءِ فاغسِلوه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ (^٤) أُولاهُنَّ بالتُّرابِ \" (^٥). هَذا حَديثٌ غَريبٌ، إِن كان حَفِظَه مُعاذٌ فهوَ حَسَنٌ؛ لأنَّ التُّرابَ في هذا الحديث لم يَروِه ثِقَةٌ غَيرُ ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ، وإِنَّما رواه غَيرُ هِشامٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) قال العيني في شرح أبي داود ١/ ٢١٦: معنى قوله \"السابعة\" أي: المرة السابعة بالتراب، وهذه جملة لا محل لها من الإعراب؛ لأنها وقعت كالتفسير لقوله: \"سبع مرار\" -الرواية هنا: سبع مرات- والأولى أن تكون صفة للسبع، ويكون محلها النصب.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٣). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٦): لكن قوله: \"السابعة\" شاذ. وأورده أيضا في ضعيف أبي داود (١٣).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٦٤، وصححه.\n(^٤) في د: \"مرار\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٦٥، وصححه. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٣٧) من طريق معاذ به.","vol":"2","page":229},{"text":"ابن سيرين كما سبق ذِكرُه.\nوقَد ثَبَتَ في حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ عن النبي - ﷺ - ذِكرُ التُّرابِ كما:\n\n١١٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو التَّيَّاحِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أَمَرَ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ ثم قال: \"ما بالِي ولِلكِلابِ (^١) \". ورَخَّصَ في كَلبِ الرِّعاءِ وكَلبِ الصَّيدِ، وقالَ: \"إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في الإِناءِ فاغسِلوه سَبعَ مِرارٍ (^٢)، والثامِنَةَ عَفِّروه بالترابِ\" (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أَوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤). وأبو هريرةَ أَحفَظُ مَن رَوَى الحديثَ في دَهرِه فرِوايَتُه أَولَى.\nوقَد رَوَى حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيُّوب عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ فتواه بالسَّبعِ كما رواه (^٥)، وفي ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على خَطأَ رِوايَةِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ في الثلاثِ (^٦). وعَبدُ المَلِكِ لا يقبل مِنه ما\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الكلاب\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مرات\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٨٩١). وأخرجه الدارمي (٧٦٤، ٢٠٤٩) من طريق وهب به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٦٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٢٠٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٢)، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٠٦)، والمعرفة (٣٦٥) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٥).\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٣، والدارقطني ١/ ٦٦، ومن طريقه المصنف في =","vol":"2","page":230},{"text":"يُخالِفُ فيه الثِّقاتِ (^١)، وبالله التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-321>بابُ نَجاسَةِ ما ماسَّه الكلبُ بسائرِ بَدَنِه إذا كان أَحَدُهُما رَطبًا</span>\n\n١١٦٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ. قال: وأَخبَرَني أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ النَّسَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يونسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ السَّبَّاقِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِي مَيمونَةُ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَصبَحَ يَومًا واجِمًا، قالَت مَيمونَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدِ استَنكَرتُ هَيئَتَكَ مُنذُ اليَومِ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن جِبريلَ كان وعَدَنِي أن يَلقانِي الليلَةَ فلَم يَلقَنِي، أَما واللَّهِ ما أَخلَفَنِي\". قال: فظَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومه ذَلِكَ على ذَلِكَ، ثم وقَعَ في نَفسِه جِرْوُ كَلبٍ تَحتَ فُسطاطٍ لَنا (^٢)، فأَمَرَ به فأُخرِجَ، ثم أَخَذَ بيَدِه ماءً فنَضَحَ مَكانَه، فلَمّا أَمسَى لَقيَه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ له: \"قَد كُنتَ وعَدتَنِي أن\n_________\n= الخلافيات (٩٠٢ - ٩٠٤) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^١) هو عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان واسمه ميسرة العرزمي، أبو محمد، وقيل: أبو سليمان. وقيل: أبو عبد الله، الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٣٩٣، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٢٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ١٠٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٥٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٣٩٦. قال ابن حبان في التقريب ١/ ٥١٩: صدوق له أوهام.\n(^٢) الجرو؛ بكسر الجيم وضمها وفتحها: الصغير من أولاد الكلب وسائر السباع. والفسطاط: نحو الخباء. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ١٤/ ٨٣. وقال القاضي عياض: والمراد به ههنا بعض حجر البيت. إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٣١٨.","vol":"2","page":231},{"text":"تَلقانِي البارِحَةَ\". قال: أَجَل، ولَكِنَّا لا نَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا صورَةٌ. فأَصبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ فأَمَرَ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ حَتَّى إنَّه يأمُرُ بقَتلِ كَلبِ الحائطِ الصَّغيرِ، ويَترُكُ كَلبَ الحائطِ الكَبيرِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى هَكَذا (^٢). وهَكَذا أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه بحَديثِ بَحرِ بنِ نَصرٍ مَقرونًا بحَديثِ حَرمَلَةَ.\n\n١١٦٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا به أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ في \"فوائد الشيخ\" (^٣)، وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي في \"مسند ابن وهب\"، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابقٍ الخَولانيُّ في جُمادَى الأولَى سنةَ سِتٍّ وسِتينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ وهبِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ القُرَشِيُّ، أخبرَني يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهاب الزُّهريِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حَدَّثَتني مَيمونَةُ زَوجُ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - أَصبَحَ يَومًا واجِمًا. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: ثم أَخَذَ بيَدِه ماءً فنَضَحَ به مَكانَه (^٤). وفي حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّه الحافظِ: عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ اللَّه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٥٦) من طريق حرملة به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٨٣، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ٥٩٠ من طريق ابن وهب به، وعندهما مقتصرًا على قول جبريل. والطبرانى ٢٤/ ١٧ (٣١) من طريق يونس به مقتصرًا على الأمر بقتل الكلاب.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٠٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"النسخ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن حبان (٥٦٤٩) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٠٣).","vol":"2","page":232},{"text":"ورواه شَبيبُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن ابنِ السَّبّاقِ عن مَيمونَةَ. ورواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ السبَّاق عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن مَيمونَةَ بمَعناه (^١).\nوروِي عن عُقَيلٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّه عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن مَيمونَةَ:\n\n١١٦٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُزَيزٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا سَلامَةُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، أخبرَني محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه أخبرَه، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبرَه، أن مَيمونَةَ زَوجَ النبي - ﷺ - أخبرَته أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ -. وذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: \"وعَدَنِي جِبريلُ ﵇ أن يَلقانِي\". قالَت مَيمونَةُ: وكانَ في بَيتِي جِرْوُ كَلبٍ، فأَخرَجَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثم نَضَحَ مَكانَه بالماءِ (^٢).\nوفِي هذا وفِي الذي قَبلَه مِن أَخبارِ الوُلوغِ دِلالَةٌ على نَسخِ ما:\n\n١١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ علي بنِ زَيدٍ الصائغُ، حدثنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٩٤) من طريق شعيب به. والطبراني ٢٣/ ٤٣١، ١٧/ ٢٤ (١٠٤٨، ٣٢) من طريق سليمان بن كثير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٩٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٩) عن محمد بن عزيز الأيلي به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في تعليقه على ابن خزيمة، وصحح الحديث بالطرق السابقة.","vol":"2","page":233},{"text":"ابنُ شَبيبِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرنى أبي، عن يونُسَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حدَّثني حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، أن عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ قال: كُنتُ أَبيتُ في المَسجِدِ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكُنتُ فتًى شابًا أَعزَبَ، وكانَتِ الكِلابُ تَبولُ وتُقبِلُ وتُدبِرُ في المَسجِدِ، فلَم يَكونوا يَرُشُّونَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ. فذكَره مُختَصَرًا، ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: تَبولُ (^٢).\nوقَد أَجمَعَ المُسلِمونَ على نَجاسَةِ بَولِها، ووُجوبِ الرَّش على بَولِ الآدَمِيِّ، فكَيفَ الكَلبُ؟! فكأنَّ ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ أَمرِه بقَتلِ الكِلابِ وغَسلِ الإناءِ مِن وُلوغِه، أَو كان عِلْمُ مَكانِ بَولِها يَخفَى عَلَيهِم، فمَن عَلِمَه وجَبَ عليه غَسلُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-322>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن الخِنزيرَ أَسوأُ حالًا مِنَ الكَلبِ</span>\nقال الشافعيُّ: لأنَّ الله ﷾ نَصَّه فسَمّاه نَجِسًا (^٣).\n\n١١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليث (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٠) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٤).\n(^٣) الشافعي ٣/ ١١ بلفظ: وقد نصب الله ﷿ الخنزير فسماه رجسا.","vol":"2","page":234},{"text":"قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَيوشِكَنَّ أن يَنزِلَ ابنُ مَريَمَ حَكَمًا مُقسِطًا، فيَكسِرَ الصَّليبَ، ويَقتُلَ الخِنزيرَ، ويَضَعَ الجِزيَةَ، ويَفيضَ المالُ حَتى لا يَقبَلَه أَحَدٌ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، ولَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ عَبدانَ في حَديثِه الجِزيَةَ. رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-323>بابُ السُّنَّة في الغَسلِ مِن سائرِ النَّجاساتِ</span>\n\n١١٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا استَيقَظَ أحَدُكُم فلا يُدخِلْ يَدَه في إِناءٍ -أَو قال: في وَضوئِه- حَتَّى يَغسِلَها ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أَينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٧١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ عبدُ القُدّوسِ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٢٣٣) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٠٩٤٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٢٢)، ومسلم (١٥٥/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٠٠، ٧٨١٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٨/ ...).","vol":"2","page":235},{"text":"- ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ أحدُكم مِنَ اللَّيلِ فلا يُدخِلْ يَدَه في الإِناءِ حَتَّى [يُفرِغَ عَلَيها] (^١) مَرَّتَينِ أو ثلاثًا، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أينَ باتت يدُه\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ هُرمُزَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-324>بابُ غَسلِها واحِدَةً يأتِي (^٤) عَلَيها</span>\n\n١١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ -وهِيَ امرأتُه- عن أَسماءَ جَدَّتِها (^٥)، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سألَته امرأةٌ عن دَمِ الحَيضَةِ يُصيبُ الثوبَ، قال: \"حُتِّيه ثم اقرُصيه بالماءِ ثم رُشِّيه، ثم صَلِّي فيه\" (^٦).\n\n١١٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حدثنا أَيّوبُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عِصمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ قال: كانَتِ الصَّلاةُ خَمسينَ، والغُسلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ سَبعَ مِرارٍ، وغَسلُ الثوبِ مِنَ البَولِ سَبعَ مِرارٍ، فلَم يَزَلْ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَسأَلُ حَتَّى جُعِلَتِ الصَّلاةُ خَمسًا، والغُسلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"يغسلها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٣) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣١٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"يكتفى\".\n(^٥) في الأصل، د: \"جدته\".\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٧).","vol":"2","page":236},{"text":"مَرَّةً، وغَسلُ الثَّوبِ مِنَ البَولِ مَرَّةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-325>باب سُؤرِ الهرة</span>\n\n١١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بن أَنَسٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علي بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنِ أَنَسٍ، عن إسحاق بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بن أبي طَلحَةَ، عن حُمَيدَةَ بنتِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن كَبشَةَ بنت كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، وكانَت تَحتَ ابنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، أن أبا قَتادَةَ دَخَلَ عَلَيها فسَكَبَت له وَضوءًا، فجاءَت هِرَّةٌ تَشرَبُ مِنه فأَصغَى لها أبو قَتادَةَ الإناءَ حَتَّى شَرِبَت. قالَت كَبشَةُ: فرآنِي أَنظُرُ إِلَيه، فقالَ: أَتَعجَبينَ يا ابنَةَ أَخِي؟ قالَت: فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بنَجَسةٍ (^٢)، إنَّها مِنَ الطَّوَّافينَ عَلَيكُم و(^٣) الطَوَّافاتِ\" (^٤). هَكَذا رواه مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ في \"الموطأ\" (^٥)، وقَد قَصَّرَ بَعضُ الرُّواةٍ برِوايَتِه فلَم يُقِمْ إِسنادَه. قال أبو عيسَى: سألتُ محمدًا -يَعني ابنَ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِيَّ- عن هذا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٦٤).\n(^٢) ضبطت في الأصل بفتح الجيم وكسرها.\n(^٣) في الأصل، د: \"أو\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠ بالإسناد الثاني، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن ماجه (٣٦٧) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وأحمد (٢٢٥٨٠)، وأبو داود (٧٥)، والترمذي (٩٢)، والنسائي (٦٨، ٣٣٩) من طريق مالك، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٢٢، ٢٣.","vol":"2","page":237},{"text":"الحديثِ، فقالَ: جَوَّدَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ هذا الحديثَ ورِوايَتُه أَصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ غَيرِهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ بقَريبٍ مِن رِوايَةِ مالكٍ:\n\n١١٧٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا الحسينُ المُعَلِّمُ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أُمِّ يَحيَى، عن خالَتِها بنتِ كَعبٍ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَينا أبو قَتادَةَ فقَرَّبنا إِلَيه وَضوءًا، فدَنا الهِرُّ فأَصغَى إِلَيه الإناءَ فشَرِبَ مِنه، ثم تَوَضأَ بفَضلِه، فنَظَرتُ إِلَيه فالتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فقالَ: كأنَّكِ تَعجَبينَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ بنَجَسٍ -أَو كَلِمَةً أُخرَى- إنّما هُنَّ (^٢) مِنَ الطَّوَّافينَ والطَّوَّافاتِ عَلَيكُم\" (^٣). أُمُّ يَحيىَ هِيَ حُمَيدَةُ (^٤)، وابنَةُ كَعبٍ هِيَ كَبشَةُ بنتُ كَعبٍ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه هَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى عن إِسحاقَ:\n\n١١٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الترمذي عقب (٩٢١) من قول الترمذي بمعناه.\n(^٢) في س: \"هو\"، وفي م: \"هي\".\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه -كما في النكت الظراف ٩/ ٢٧٢ - وأبو يعلى- كما في شرح علل ابن أبي حاتم لابن عبد الهادي ١/ ٦٧ - من طريق حسين المعلم. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٦/ ١٦٠.\n(^٤) في د: \"عبيدة\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٥٩.","vol":"2","page":238},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاج، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ قال: حدَّثَتنِي أُمُّ يَحيَى -قال حَجّاجٌ في رِوايَتِه: يَعنِي امرأتَه- عن خالَتِها وكانَت عِندَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أبو قَتادَةَ فسألَ الوَضؤَ، فمَرَّت به الهِرَّةُ فأَصغَى الإناءَ إِلَيها، فجَعَلتُ أَنظُرُ كأنِّي أُنكِرُ ما يَصنَعُ، فقالَ: يا بنتَ أَخِي، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لَنا: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بنَجسَة، إنَّما هِيَ مِنَ الطَّوّافينَ والطَّوّافاتِ\" (^١). وفي حَديثِ الحَوضِيِّ، أنَّ خالَتَها حَدَّثَتها، أَنَّها كانَت تَحتَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، فدَخَلَ أبو قَتادَةَ عَلَيها فدَعا بوَضوءٍ، فمَرَّت به الهِرَّةُ فأَصغَى الإناءَ إِلَيها، فجَعَلَت تَنظُرُ إِلَيه كأنَّها تُنكِرُ ما يَصنَعُ. ثم الباقِي مِثلُه.\nوقَد رُوِي عن هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن ابنِ أبي قَتادَةَ عن أَبيهِ:\n\n١١٧٧ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه، أنَّه كان يَتَوَضّأُ فمَرَّت به هِرَّةٌ فأَصغَى إِلَيها وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَت بنَجَسٍ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل ١/ ٥٨٩، ٥٩٠، والدارقطنى في العلل ٦/ ١٦١، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ٣٤٨ عن همام.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣).","vol":"2","page":239},{"text":"وقَد رواه الشافعيُّ عن الثِّقَةِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^١). وروِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي قَتادَةَ:\n\n١١٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا الحَجاجُ، عن قَتادَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: كان أبو قَتادَةَ يُصغِي الإناءَ لِلهِرِّ فيَشرَبُ، ثم يَتَوَضأُ به، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: ما صَنَعتُ إِلا ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: لَقَد رأَيتُ أبا قَتادَةَ يُقَرِّبُ طَهورَه إلى الهِرَّةِ فتَشرَبُ مِنه ثم يَتَوَضأُ بسُؤرِها (^٣). وكُلُّ ذَلِك شاهِدٌ لِصحَّةِ رِوايَةِ مالِكٍ.\nومِن شَواهِدِه ما:\n\n١١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى القاضِي ببُخارَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ الرَّازيُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ مُسافِعِ بنِ شَيبَةَ الحَجَبِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩١١)، والمعرفة (٣٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٣٧) من طريق الحجاج وفيه: \"عن قتادة عن عبد الله بن أبي قتادة عن أبيه: أنه وضع له وضوء ... \" بنحوه. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٦/ ١٦٣ عن عبد الله بن أبي قتادة موقوفًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٧) من طريق خالد به، وفي (٣٤٦) من طريق عكرمة به.","vol":"2","page":240},{"text":"قالَ: سَمِعتُ مَنصورَ ابنَ صفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أُمِّه صفيَّةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في الهِرَّةِ: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بنَجَسٍ، هِيَ كَبعضِ أَهلِ البَيتِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨١ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرني داوُدُ بنُ صالِحٍ التَّمَّارُ، عن أُمِّه، أنَّ مَولاةً لها أَهدَت إلى عائشةَ صَحفَةَ هَريسَةٍ، فجاءَت بها وعائشَةُ قائمَةٌ تُصَلِّي، فأَشارَت إِلَيها عائشَةُ أن ضَعيها فوَضَعَتها، وعِندَ عائشةَ نِسوَةٌ، فجاءَتِ الهِرَّةُ فأَكَلَت مِنها أُكلَةً -أَو قالَ: لُقمَةً- فلَمّا انصَرَفَت عائشَةُ قالَت لِلنِّسوَةِ: كُلنَ. فجَعَلنَ يَتَّقِينَ مَوضِعَ فمِ الهِرَّةِ، فأَخَذَتها عائشَةُ فأَدارَتها ثم أَكَلَتها، وقالَت: إنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بنَجَسٍ، إنَّها مِنَ الطَّوّافينَ والطَّوّافاتِ عَلَيكُم\". وقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَضّأُ بفَضلِها (^٢).\nورُوِي مِن أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عائشةَ في مَعناه، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١١٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، أخبرَنا الرُّكَينُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه العقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٤١ عن محمد بن أيوب به. وابن خزيمة (١٠٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ٦٩ من طريق ابن أبي جعفر الرازي به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٦) - ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩١٣)، والمعرفة (٣٧٤) -من طريق الدراوردي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٩). وانصرفت، أي من الصلاة","vol":"2","page":241},{"text":"عن عَمَّةٍ له يُقالُ لها: صَفيَّةُ بنتُ عُمَيلَةَ، أن الحُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ سُئلَ عن سُؤرِ الهِرَّةِ فلَم يَرَ به بأسًا (^١).\n\n١١٨٣ - وأمَّا الذي أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: حدَّثني، وقالَ أبو بكرٍ: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا بَكَّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ وحَمَّادُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَنبَسَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ فال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"طُهورُ الإِناءِ إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ فيه أن يُغسَلَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ الأولَى بالتُّرابِ، والهِرَّةُ مَرَّةً ومَرّتَينِ\" (^٢). قُرُّةُ يَشُكُّ.\nوبِمَعناه رواه عليُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٣). ورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، عن بَكَّارِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، عن أبي عاصِمٍ: \"والهِرَّةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ\" (^٤). وأبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحَّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ ثِقَةٌ، إِلا أنَّه أَخطأ في إِدراجِ قَولِ أبي هريرةَ في الهِرَّةِ في الحديث المَرفوعِ في الكَلبِ.\nوقَد رواه عليُّ بنُ نَصرٍ الجَهضَمِيُّ عن قُرَّةَ فبَيَّنَه بَيانًا شافيًا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩١٩)، والمعرفة (٣٧٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٥٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٩) من طريق الركين به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٠، والدارقطني ١/ ٦٤، ٦٧، ٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٦٠ من طريق علي به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٦٠ من طريق ابن خزيمة به.","vol":"2","page":242},{"text":"١١٨٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ الحسنُ بنُ سليمانَ الدارِميُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"طُهورُ إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم إذا ولَغَ فيه الكَلبُ أن يُغسَلَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ أولاهُنَّ بالتُّرابِ\" (^١). ثم ذكَر أبو هريرةَ الهِرَّ لا أَدرِي قالَه مَرّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ. قالَ نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ: وجَدتُه في كِتابِ أبي في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن قُرَّةَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ في الكَلبِ مُسنَدًا، وفِي الهِرِّ مَوقوفًا.\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه مسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن قُرَّة مَوقوفًا في الهِرَّةِ:\n\n١١٨٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِيُّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ المزنيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، قالوا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ في الهِرِّ يَلَغُ في الإناءِ قالَ: يُغسَلُ مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ (^٢).\nوَرواه أَيّوبُ السَّختِيانيُّ عن محمدٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوقوفًا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٢٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٦١.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٦١، وفيه: \"أحمد بن سهل الفقيه، ثنا أحمد بن محمد البرقي\" بدلًا من: \"أحمد بن سلمان الفقيه، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى البرتي\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤٠٧. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٦)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٦٨ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"2","page":243},{"text":"١١٨٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، جَميعًا عن أَيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: إذا ولَغَ الهِرُّ غُسِلَ مرَّةً (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مَعمَرٌ عن أيُّوب (^٢). وغَلِطَ فيه محمدُ بنُ عمرَ القَصَبِيُّ، فرواه عن عبدِ الوارِثِ عن أَيّوبَ مُدرَجًا في الحديث المَرفوعِ:\n\n١١٨٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرَ القَصَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أَيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \" إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم فليَغسِلْه سَبعَ مَرَّات أُولاهُنَّ أو أُخراهُنَّ بالتُّرابِ، والسِّنورُ مَرَّةً\".\nورواه أَيضا حَفصُ (^٣) بنُ واقِدٍ عن ابنِ عَونٍ عن محمدٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا مُدرَجًا في الحديثِ (^٤)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ أَولَى.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٤) - ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٧)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٦٧ - عن معمر به. وزاد: وأهرقه.\n(^٣) في م: \"جعفر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن شاهين في ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (١٤٠)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٩٩، =","vol":"2","page":244},{"text":"١١٨٨ - ورواه هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدٍ، عن ابى هريرةَ في سُؤرِ\nالسِّنَّورِ: يُهَراقُ ويُغسَلُ الإناءُ مَرَّةً أَو مَرَّتَين. أخبرناه أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِث أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النيسابوري، حدثنا محمد بن يحيى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورُوَى لَيثُ بنُ أبي سُلَيمٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ: إذا ولَغَ السِّنَّورُ في الإناءِ غُسِلَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ (^٢). إنما رواه ابن جُرَيجٍ وغَيرُه عن عَطاءٍ مِن قوله. (^٣)\nورُوِي من وجهٍ آخر عن أبي هريرةَ:\n\n١١٨٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنِي سَعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي صالحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: يُغسَلُ الإناءُ مِن (^٤)\n_________\n= والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ١٠٨ من طريق حفص بن واقد به، وعند ابن عدي كرواية الجماعة.\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٦٧ وقال: موقوف. وعنده: \"سؤر الهر\". وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٤) - ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٧ - من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤١) - ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٧، ٦٩ - من طريق ليث به. والدارقطني ١/ ٦٨ من طريق علي بن عاصم عن ليث به. وقال: ليث بن أبي سليم ليس بحافظ، وهذا موقوف، ولا يصح عن أبي هريرة، هذا أشبه أنه من قول عطاء.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٢)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٩ عن ابن جريج به. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٤) من طريق الحسن بن علي عن عطاء به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م. \"ولوغ\".","vol":"2","page":245},{"text":"الهِرِّ كما يُغسَلُ مِنَ الكَلبِ (^١). هَكَذا رواه ابنُ عُفَيرٍ مَوقوفًا. وروِي عن رَوحِ بنِ الفَرَجِ عن ابنِ عُفَيرٍ مَرفوعًا ولَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٠ - وقَد قيلَ: عن يَحيىَ بنِ أيُّوب قال: أخبرَني خَيرُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ مَوقوفًا. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الحارِثيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النيسابوريُّ، حدثنا عَلَّانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيوبَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوقَد يُروَى عن أبي هريرةَ عن النبي - ﷺ - ما هو حُجَّةٌ عليه في فُتياه في الهِرَّةِ إِن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ، وإِلا فهو مَحجوجٌ بما تقدَّم مِن حَديثِ أبي قَتادَةَ وعائشَةَ (^٤) عن النبي - ﷺ -.\n\n١١٩١ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عيسَى يَعني ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حدَّثني أبو زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يأتي دارَ قَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، ودونَهُم دارٌ، يَعني لا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٨ من طريق الصغاني به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠، وشرح المشكل ٧/ ٧٥، ٧٦ من طريق ابن عفير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٨ من طريق روح به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٦٨، وقال: هذا موقوف ولا يثبت عن أبي هريرة، ويحيى بن أيوب في بعض أحاديثه اضطراب. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠، وشرح المشكل ٧/ ٧٦ من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٧٤ - ١١٨١).","vol":"2","page":246},{"text":"يأتيها، فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تأتِي دارَ فُلانٍ ولا تأتِي دارَنا؟ فقالَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ في دارِكم كَلبًا\". قال: فإِنَّ في دارِهِم سِنَّورًا. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"السِّنَّورُ سَبُعٌ\" (^١).\n\n١١٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عبَّاس بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ يَعني ابنَ أَبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الهِرُّ مِن مَتاعِ البَيتِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-326>بابُ سُؤرِ سائرِ الحَيَواناتِ سِوَى الكَلبِ والخِنزيرِ</span>\n\n١١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أَبيه، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَتَوَضّأُ بما أَفضَلَتِ الحُمُرُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم وبِما أَفضَلَتِ السِّباعُ كُلُّها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٤٢) عن هاشم به مطولًا. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٥٣: عيسى ضعفه أبو داود. وانظر ما سيأتي في (١٢٠٣). وضبطت \"سبع\" في الأصل بضم الباء وسكونها.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٩٤ من طريق عباس به. وابن خزيمة (١٠٣) من طريق الحكم به.\nقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٥٣: حفص هو الفرخ واهٍ.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٧)، والصغرى (١٨٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٦.","vol":"2","page":247},{"text":"وفِي غَيرِ رِوايَتِنا قال الشافعيُّ: وأُخبرْنا عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ بمِثلِهِ (^١).\n\n١١٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصُّوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ المَوصِلِيُّ، حدثنا بِسطامُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ المُختارِ المَوصِلِيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن داودَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - سُئلَ: أَنَتَوَضّأُ بما أَفضَلَتِ الحُمُرُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم وبما أَفضَلَتِ السِّباعُ (^٢) \".\nوبِمَعناه رواه عبدُ الرزاقِ عن إِبراهيمَ (^٣). وإبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى الأسلَمِيُّ (^٤) مُختَلَفٌ في ثِقَتِه، ضَعَّفَه أَكثَرُ أَهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ وطَعَنوا فيه، وكانَ الشافعيُّ يُبعِّدُه عن الكَذِبِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ الصُّوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِي الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا قال: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشافِعِيُّ يقولُ: كان إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى قَدَريًّا. قُلتُ لِلرَّبيعِ: فما حَمَلَ الشافِعِيَّ على أن رَوَى عَنهُ؟ قال: كان يقولُ: لأن يخِرَّ إِبراهيمُ مِن بُعدٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيه مِن أن يَكذِبَ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٦٧) عن الشافعي به.\n(^٢) بعده في د: \"كلها\". والحديث في الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٨٠٤.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٥٢)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٦٢، ومن طريق الدارقطني المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٢٦).\n(^٤) هو إبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي يحيى الأسلمي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ١٠٥، والكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢١٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٨٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ١٥٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٢: متروك.","vol":"2","page":248},{"text":"وكانَ ثِقَةً في الحَديثِ (^١).\nقال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ: قَد نَظَرتُ أَنا في أَحاديثِه فلَيسَ فيها حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ، وإِنَّما يُروَى المُنكَرُ إذا كان العُهدَةُ مِن قِبَلِ الرّاوِى عنه، أَو مِن قِبَلِ مَن يَروِى إِبراهيمُ عَنه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد تابَعَه في رِوايَةِ هذا الحديثِ عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَبيبَةَ الأشهَلِيُّ، وقَد ذَكَرناه في كِتابِ \"المعرفة\" (^٣).\n\n١١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابوريُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ سالمٍ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أَبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنَتَوَضّأُ بما أَفضَلَتِ الحُمُرُ؟ فقالَ: \"وبِما أَفضَلَتِ السِّباعُ\" (^٤).\n\n١١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤)، وابن عدى ١/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) المعرفة (٣٦٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٩)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ٦٨، ٦٩، والدارقطني ١/ ٦٢، والشافعي ١/ ٦. وقال الدارقطني: ابن أبي حبيبة ليس بقوى في الحديث.","vol":"2","page":249},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ خَرَجَ في رَكبٍ فيهِم عمرُو بنُ العاصِ حَتَى ورَدوا حَوضًا، فقالَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ لِصاحِبِ الحَوضِ: يا صاحِبَ الحَوضِ، هَل تَرِدُ حَوضَكَ السِّبَاع؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: يا صاحِبَ الحَوضِ لا تُخبِرْنا، فإِنّا نَرِدُ على السِّباعِ وتَرِدُ عَلَينا (^١).\n\n١١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى خالِدٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بسُؤرِ الحِمارِ والبَغلِ بأسًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-327>بابُ ذِكرِ الأخبارِ التي يَتَفَرَّقُ بها الكَلبُ عن غَيرِه على طَريقِ الاختصارِ</span>\n\n١١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ كَلبًا إِلا كَلبَ ماشيَةٍ أَو صَيدٍ أَو زَرعٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٣، ٢٤، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٢٥٠).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٦٥ - ٣٦٨).","vol":"2","page":250},{"text":"انتَقَصَ مِن أَجرِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطٌ\". قال الزُّهرِيُّ: فذُكِرَ لابنِ عمرَ قَولُ أبي هريرةَ، فقالَ: يَرحَمُ اللهُ أبا هريرةَ، كان صاحِبَ زَرعٍ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\nورواه سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ وقالَ في الحديث: \"قيراطانِ\":\n\n١١٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيِّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا لَيسَ بكَلبِ صَيدٍ ولا ماشيَةٍ ولا أَرضٍ فإِنَّه يَنقُصُ مِن أَجرِه قيراطانِ في كُلِّ يَومٍ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\nوكَذا قالَه ابنُ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"قيراطانِ\" (^٥). إِلا أنَّه لم يَحفَظْ فيه كَلبَ الأرضِ في أَكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عنه، وقَد حَفِظَه أبو هريرةَ وسُفيانُ بنُ أبي زُهَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٢١)، وأبو داود (٢٨٤٤)، والترمذي (١٤٩٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٠٠). وسيأتي تخريجه من طرق عن يحيى بن أبي كثير (١١١٣٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٧٥/ ٥٨)، والبخاري (٢٣٢٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٤٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٣٠١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٧٥/ ٥٧).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١١١٢٦، ١١١٢٧).","vol":"2","page":251},{"text":"الشَّنائىُّ (^١) عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢)، إِلا أن سُفيانَ بنَ أبى زُهَيرٍ لم يَحفَظِ الصَّيدَ وقالَ: \"قيراطٌ\"\n\n١٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي التَّيّاحِ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: أَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بقَتلِ الكِلابِ ثم قال: \"ما لَهُم (^٣) ولَها؟ \". فرَخَّصَ في كَلبِ الصَّيدِ وكَلبِ الغَنَمِ وقالَ: \"إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في الإِناءِ فاغسِلوه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ، وعَفِّروه الثّامِنَةَ بالتُّرابِ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الأعيَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ ومَهرِ البَغِىِّ وحُلْوانِ الكاهِنِ (^٦). رواه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الشيانى\"، وفي م: \"الشنوئى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ١٤٥.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (١١١٣٧).\n(^٣) في س: \"لكم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه إبراهيم الحربى في غريب الحديث ١/ ١٩٣ عن مسدد به مقتصرًا على ذكر ولوغ الكلب. وأحمد (١٦٧٩٢) - وعنه أبو داود (٧٤) - عن يحيى به. وتقدم من طريق آخر عن شعبة (١١٦٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٨٠/. . .).\n(^٦) الحلوان: ما يُعطاه الكاهن ويُجعل له على كهانته. ينظر لسان العرب ١٤/ ١٩٤ (ح ل و).\nوالحديث عند مالك ٢/ ٦٥٦، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٣/ ١١، ٧/ ٢٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٧٠) من طريق ابن شهاب به.","vol":"2","page":252},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٢٠٢ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ إِملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أبي طَلحَة، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَدخُلُ المَلائكَةُ بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا صورَةٌ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، كُلُّهم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عيسَى يَعنِى ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتِى دارَ قَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ ودونَهُم دارٌ لا يأتيها، فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تأتِى دارَ فُلانٍ ولا تأتِى دارَنا؟ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إِن في دارِكُم\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٢٣٧)، ومسلم (١٥٦٧/ ٣٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٩٣)، والآداب ص ٣٦٧، والمعرفة (٣٥٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٥٣)، والنسائي (٤٢٩٣، ٥٣٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٣٢٢)، ومسلم (٢١٠٦/ ٨٣).","vol":"2","page":253},{"text":"كَلبًا\". قال: فإِنَّ في دارِهِم سِنَّورًا. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"السِّنَّورُ سَبُعٌ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ قال: قال أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ: عيسَى بنُ المُسَيَّبِ صالِحٌ فيما يَرويهِ (^٢).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: عيسَى بنُ المُسَيَّبِ صالِحُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-328>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الذي ورَدَ في سُؤرِ ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه</span>\n\n١٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ سَوَّارٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبي الجَهمِ، عن البَراءِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أُكِلَ لَحمُه فلا بأسَ بسُؤرِه\" (^٤).\nكَذا يُسَمِّيه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ رَجاءٍ (مُصعَبُ بنُ سَوّارٍ). فقَلَبَ اسمَه، وإِنَّما هو سَوّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ. وسَوّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ مَتروكٌ (^٥). أخبرَنا به أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٣، وقال: صحيح، وعيسى صدوق ولم يجرح قط. وقال الذهبي: قال أبو داود: ضعيف. وقال أبو حاتم: ليس بالقوى. وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٩١).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٩٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٦٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٢٨ من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به.\n(^٥) هو سوار بن مصعب الهمداني الكوفى، أبو عبد الله الأعمى المؤذن. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٩٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٤٦، والمغني في الضعفاء ١/ ٤١٦.","vol":"2","page":254},{"text":"الحارِثِ الفقيهُ عن أبي الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِىِّ الحافظِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ومَعَ ضَعفِ سَوَّارِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ اختُلِفَ عليه في مَتنِه؛ فرواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ عنه هَكَذا، ورواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ عنه بإِسنادِه: \"لا بأسَ ببَولِ ما أُكِلَ لَحمُه\" (^٢). ورواه عمرُو بنُ الحُصَينِ عن يَحيَى بنِ العَلاءِ عن مُطَرِّفٍ عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مَرفوعًا في البَولِ (^٣). وعَمرُو بنُ الحُصَينِ (^٤) ويَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ (^٥) ضَعيفانِ، ولا يَصِحُّ شَيءٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-329>بابُ ما لا نَفسَ له سائلَةً (^٦) إذا ماتَ في الماءِ القَليلِ</span>\n[وكُل ما لا نَفسَ له سائلَةً ماتَ في ماءٍ فلا يَنجُسُ الماءُ بمَوتِه فيه؛ لإِجماعِ الحُجَّةِ في ذَلِكَ] (^٧).\n\n١٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٢٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٢٨ من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٥٧، والدارقطني ١/ ١٢٨، وتمام (١٣٨ - روض) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٤) هو عمرو بن الحصين العقيلى، أبو عثمان البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٢٩، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٨٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٦٨: متروك.\n(^٥) هو يحيى بن العلاء البجلى، أبو سلمة الرازي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٩٧، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٧٩، والمجروحين ٣/ ١١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٨٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٩٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٥٥: رمى بالوضع.\n(^٦) النفس: الدم، ومنه قولهم: لا نفس له سائلة. أي: لا دم له يجرى. المصباح المنير ص ٢٣٦.\n(^٧) ليس في: س.","vol":"2","page":255},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنى عُتبَةُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أن عُبَيدَ بنَ حُنَينٍ أخبرَه أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَقَطَ الذُّبابُ في شَرابِ أَحَدِكُم فليَغمِسْه كُلَّه ثم ليَنزِعْه، فإِنَّ في أَحَدِ جَناحَيه داءً وفِى الآخَرِ شِفاءً\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا وقَعَ الذُّبابُ في إِناءِ أحَدِكُم، فإِنَّ في أَحَدِ جَناحَيه داءً وفِى الآخَرِ شِفاءً، وإِنَّه يَتَّقِى بالجَناحِ الذي فيه الدّاءُ، فليَغْمِسْه كُلَّه ثم ليَنزِعْه\" (^٣). ورواه عُمَرُ (^٤) بنُ عليٍّ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ عن القَعقاعِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ بنَحوِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ القارِظِىِّ قال: أَتَيتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بمِنًى فقَدَّمَ إِلَيَّ زُبدًا وكُتلَةً (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٢٦، ٣٢٧) عن الحاكم به، وفى الشعب (٥٦٢٧)، وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٠٨١) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٢٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٤١) - وعنه أبو داود (٣٨٤٤) - وابن خزيمة (١٠٥)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٦، ٥٢٥٠) من طريق بشر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٥٥).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عَمْرو\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٨٥) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٦) الكتلة: أعظم من الخُبْزة وهى قطعة من كنيز التمر. لسان العرب ١١/ ٥٨٢ (ك ت ل).","vol":"2","page":256},{"text":"فوَقَعَ ذُبابٌ في الزُّبدِ فجَعَلَ يَمقُلُه بخِنصَرِه. فقُلتُ: يا خالُ ما تَصنَعُ؟ فقالَ: اخبرَنِي أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وقَعَ الذُّبابُ في الطَّعامِ فامقُلوه (^١)؛ فإِنَّ في أَحَدِ جَناحَيه سُمًّا وفِى الآخَرِ شِفاءً، وإِنَّه يُؤَخِّرُ الشِّفاءَ ويُقَدِّمُ السُّمَّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٨ - ورَوَى بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الزُّبَيدِيِّ، عن بشرِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، عن سَلمانَ قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا سَلمانُ، كُلُّ طَعامٍ وشَرابٍ وقَعَت فيه دابَّةٌ لَيسَ لها دَمٌ فماتَت، فهوَ الحَلالُ أَكلُه وشُربُه ووُضوءُه\". أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: الأحاديثُ التي يَرويها سَعِيدُ الزُّبَيدِىُّ عامَّتُها لَيسَت بمَحفوظَةٍ (^٤).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قال: لم يَروِه غَيرُ بَقيَّةَ عن سعيدٍ الزُّبَيدِيِّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) امقلوه: اغمسوه. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٢١٤، ٢١٥، والمصباح المنير (م ق ل).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٤٣) بتمامه، وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٠٤)، وأبو يعلى (٩٨٦) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٢٤٧) - بذكر المرفوع فقط؛ جميعهم من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٩٧٤).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٤١، ١٢٤٢. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٧ من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٤٢.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٧. وسعيد الزبيدى هو سعيد بن عبد الجبار الزبيدى أبو عثمان الشامى الحمصى. =","vol":"2","page":257},{"text":"١٢٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: كُلُّ نَفسٍ سائلَةٍ لا يُتَوَضّأُ مِنها، ولَكِن رُخِّصَ في الخُنفُساءِ والعَقرَبِ والجَرادِ والجُدجُدِ (^١) إذا وقَعنَ في الرِّكاءِ (^٢) فلا بأسَ بهِ. قال شُعبَةُ: أَظنه قَد ذكَر الوَزَغَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا مَعناه عن الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ وعَطاءٍ وعِكرِمَةَ (^٤)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-330>بابُ الحوتِ يَموتُ في الماءِ [أو الجرادِ]</span> (^٥)\n\n١٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٦) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمَّاك، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثنى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ سنةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ ومِائَتَينِ وقُلتُ له: كَم سِنُّكَ\n_________\n= ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩٥، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٤٣، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٢٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٤٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٩٩: ضعيف.\n(^١) الجدجد: دويبة تَصِرُّ بالليل في الصيف فيها شبه من الجراد. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٤٩٤، وغريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٣/ ٦٦٢، والقاموس المحيط (جدد).\n(^٢) الرِّكاء: أوان صغيرة من جلد يشرب فيه الماء مفردها ركوة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦١. وينظر العين ٥/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (١٩٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٥٧) من طريق مغيرة بنحوه.\n(^٤) ينظر الطهور لأبي عبيد (١٨٨، ١٨٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٦٥٨)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"والجراد\".\n(^٦) في س، د، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":258},{"text":"يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ؟ قال: أربَعٌ وخمسونَ أو خَمسٌ وخمسونَ - قال: حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ بنُ أبي الزِّناد، حدَّثنى إِسحاقُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن ابن مِقسَمٍ يَعنِى عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ماءِ البحرِ، فقالَ: \"هو الطَّهورُ ماؤُه الحِلُّ مَيتَتُه\" (^١).\n\n١٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبْعِىُّ (^٢) في آخرِينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: أُحِلَّت لَنا مَيتَتانِ ودَمانِ؛ الجَرادُ والحيتانُ، والكَبدُ والطِّحالُ (^٣). وَهَذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ وهو في مَعنَى المُسنَدِ.\nوقَد رَفَعَه أَولادُ زَيدٍ عن أَبيهِم:\n\n١٢١٢ - أخبرَناه أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى (^٤) وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أَيّوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٥٠١٢)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢)، وابن حبان (١٢٤٤). وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣١١): حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٨٩٩٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٩٤). وذكره ابن عدى ١/ ٣٨٨، ٤/ ١٥٠٣ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) في م: \"السبيعى\". وهو على بن محمد بن محمد بن جعفر. الأنساب المتفقة (١٢٢)، والأنساب للسمعانى ٣/ ٢١٦، والمنتخب من السياق (١٢٨٩).\n(^٤) كامل بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر أبو جعفر العزائمى الحافظ المستملى، قال عبد الغافر: مشهور حافظ، بارع في الرواية حسن القراءة، استملى على المشايخ مدة، وكان كثير الشيوخ كثير السماع، وكان ثقة صحيح الرواية. توفى بعد الأربعمائة ظنا. ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٤٥٢)، وتاريخ الإسلام حوادث ووفيات سنة (٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢٢٨.","vol":"2","page":259},{"text":"الصِّبغِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ السُّرِّيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ وأُسامَةُ وعَبدُ الله بن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن أَبيهِم، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُحِلَّت لَنا مَيتَتانِ ودَمانِ؛ فأَمّا المَيتَتانِ فالجَرادُ والحوتُ، وأمَّا الدَّمانِ فالطِّحالُ والكَبِدُ\" (^٣). أَولادُ زَيدٍ هَؤُلاءِ كُلُّهُم ضُعَفاءُ جَرَّحَهُم يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٤)، وكانَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٥) وعَلِىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ (^٦) يوَثِّقانِ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ زَيدٍ (^٧)، إِلا أن الصَّحيحَ مِن هذا الحديثِ هو الأوَّلُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، د: \"الضبعى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٢١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٨٩.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"البسرى\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٧٣٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٢١٨، ٣٣١٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زيد به.\n(^٤) ينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٥٧، ١٩٧ (٦٦٤، ٩٠٤)، ومن كلام أبى زكريا في الرجال ص ٤٠ (٤٨).\n(^٥) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ١/ ٣٤٤، ٢/ ١٣٥، ٤٧٣، ٣/ ٢٧١ (٦٣٥، ١٧٩٥، ٣١٠٢، ٥٢٠٤).\n(^٦) ينظر قوله في سنن الترمذي عقب (٧١٩)، وفى الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٥٠٢، ١٥٨١ عنه: ليس في ولد زيد بن أسلم ثقة.\n(^٧) ينظر الكلام على عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٨٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ٥٧، والكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٥٨١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ١٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ١٧٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٨٠: ضعيف.\nوالكلام على أسامة بن زيد بن أسلم في: المجروحين ١/ ١٧٩، وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٢١، والكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣٨٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٣٣٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ١٧٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢: ضعيف من قبل حفظه.\nوالكلام على عبد الله بن زيد بن أسلم في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٩٤، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٥٩، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٥٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٢٢٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤١٧: صدوق، فيه لين.","vol":"2","page":260},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-331>بابُ طهارَةِ عَرَقِ الإنسانِ مِن أَىِّ مَوضِعٍ كانَ</span>\n\n١٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدخُلُ بَيتَ أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ ويَنامُ على فِراشِها ولَيسَت ثَمَّ، قال: فأُتِيَتْ (^١) يَومًا فقيلَ لها: هو هذا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على فِراشِكِ. فانتَهَت إِلَيه وقَد عَرِقَ عَرَقًا شَديدًا وذَلِكَ في الحَرِّ، فأَخَذَت قارورَةً فجَعَلَت تأخُذُ مِن ذَلِكَ العَرَقِ فتَجعَلُه في القارورَةِ، فاستَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما تَصنَعينَ؟ \". فقالَت: بَرَكَتُكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ نَجعَلُه في طيبِنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَصَبتِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن حُجَينِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الماجِشونَ بمَعناه (^٣). ورواه ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ وأَنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤). ورواه أبو قِلابَةَ عن أَنَسٍ عن أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٢١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطت في الأصل، وفي م: \"فأتت\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢١٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٣١٠، ١٣٣٦٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣٣١/ ٨٤) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٩٦)، ومسلم (٢٣٣١/ ٨٣) من طريق ثابت به. وأحمد (١٢٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨١) من طريق أنس به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١١٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٣٢) من طريق أبى قلابة به.","vol":"2","page":261},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يَتَوَضّأُ في الحَرِّ فيُمِرُّ يَدَيه على إِبطَيه ولا يَنقُضُ ذَلِكَ وُضوءَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-332>بابُ بُصاقِ الإنسانِ ومُخاطِهِ</span>\n\n١٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، أخبرَنا زكريا بنُ الحَكَمِ الرّاسِبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الفِريابِىُّ، قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أَنَسٍ قال: بَزَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ثَوبِه، يَعنِى وهو في الصلاةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الفِريابِيِّ، وفِى حَديثِ قَبيصَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَزَقَ في ثَوبِهِ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأى نُخامَةً في قِبلَةِ المَسجِدِ فحَكَّها بيَدِه، ورُئىَ في وجهِه شِدَّةُ ذَلِكَ عليه وقالَ: \"إنَّ العَبدَ إذا صَلَّى فإِنَّما يُناجِى رَبَّه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فإذا بَصَقَ أَحَدُكُم فليَبصُقْ عن يَسارِه أَو تَحتَ قَدَمَيه، أَو يَفعَلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٠٩) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤١).","vol":"2","page":262},{"text":"هَكَذا\". ثم بَزَقَ في ثَوبِه ودَلَكَ بَعضَه ببَعضٍ. قال يَزيدُ: وأَرانا حُمَيدٌ (^١).\n\n١٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: كُنّا في سَفَرٍ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ في مَزادَتَىِ المُشرِكَةِ قال: فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بإِناءٍ فأَفرَغَ فيه مِن أَفواه المَزادَتَينِ أَوِ السَّطيحَتَينِ، فمَضمَضَ في الماءِ وأَعادَه في أَفواه المَزادَتَينِ أَوِ السَّطيحَتَينِ، ثم أوكأ أفواهَهُما وأطلَقَ العَزالِيَ، ثم قال لِلنّاسِ: \"اشرَبوا واستَقوا\" (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ (^٤) أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن جَريرٍ، أنَّه كان يأمُرُ أَهلَه يَتَوَضَّئونَ بفَضلِ سِواكِهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-333>بابُ طَهارَةِ عَرَقِ الدَّوابِّ ولُعابِها</span>\n\n١٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٦٦)، والدارمى (١٤٣٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (٣٦٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم الحديث بتمامه في (١٠٥٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٤٤، ٣٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٨٢).\n(^٤) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٢٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٩، ٤٠ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.","vol":"2","page":263},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِىُّ (^١) ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الشافعيُّ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في جِنازَةِ أبى الدَّحداحِ، فلمَّا رَجَعَ أُتِىَ بفَرَسٍ مُعرَورًى (^٢) فرَكِبَه ومَشَينا مَعَه (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بن مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلِمَ وغَيرِه، عن أبنِ عمرَ في قِصَّهٍ ذَكَرَها في الحَجِّ قال: وإِنِّى كُنتُ تَحتَ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمَسُّنِى لُعابُها، أَسمَعُه يُلَبِّى بالحَجِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) على بن محمد بن على بن يعقوب أبو القاسم الإيادى البغدادي المالكى، قال الخطيب: كان ثقة يتفقه على مذهب مالك. وقال السمعاني: شيخ معروف ثقة فقيه صالح. توفى سنة (٤١٤ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغد اد ١٢/ ٩٧، والأنساب ١/ ٢٣٣، وتاريخ الإسلام حوادث ووفيات (سنة ٤٠١ هـ -٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٥٥.\n(^٢) الفرس المعرور: الذي لا سرج عليه ولا غيره، واعرورى الفرس إذا ركبه عُريا فهو معرورى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٧٨، والنهاية ٣/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٠٢٥) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٢٠٩٧٦) من طريق مالك بن مغول به. وسيأتي في (٦٩٣٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٦٥/ ٨٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٧٤) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به. وسيأتي في (٨٩٠٠).","vol":"2","page":264},{"text":"١٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الوَليدِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ غَنمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ خارِجَةَ قال: كُنتُ آخِذًا بزِمامِ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وهِىَ تَقْصَعُ بجَرَّتِها (^١)، ولُعابُها يَسيلُ بَينَ كَتِفَىَّ (^٢). وذكَر الحديثَ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بجرانها\".\nوالقصع: ضمك الشيء على الشيء حتى تقتله أو تهشمه، وإنما قصع الجرة شدة المضغ وضم بعض الأسنان على بعض. والجرة: ما تجتره الإبل فتخرجه من أجوافها لتمضغه ثم ترده في أكراشها بعد الجرة، أي: بعد أن تجتره. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٢١، وينظر الفائق ١/ ٢٠٤، وتهذيب اللغة ١/ ٤٢، والقاموس المحيط ١/ ٤٠٢ (ج ر ر).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٦٦، ١٨٠٨٢، ١٨٠٨٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وسيأتي في (١٢٦٦٦) من طريق سعيد عن قتادة.","vol":"2","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-334>جِماعُ أبوابِ الماءِ الذي يَنجُسُ والذِى لا يَنجُسُ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-335>بابُ الماءِ القَليلِ يَنجُسُ بالنَّجاسِةِ تَحدُثُ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ وابنُ بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي زيادٌ، أن ثابِتًا مَولَى عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زَيدٍ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم نائمًا ثم استَيقَظَ فأرادَ الوُضوءَ، فلا يَضَعْ يَدَه في الإناءِ حَتَّى يَصُبَّ على يَدِه، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِى أينَ باتَت يَدُه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ، ورواه أَيضًا عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا شَرِبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٧٤) عن عبد الرزاق وحده به.\n(^٢) مسلم عقب (٢٧٨/ عقب ٨٨).","vol":"2","page":266},{"text":"الكَلبُ في إناءِ أحَدِكُم فليَغسِلْه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ\" (^١) مُخَرَّجٌ في في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ كما مَضَى (^٢). وقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ: \"ولَغَ\". مَكانَ: \"شَرِبَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، اخبرني أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي رَزينٍ وأَبِى صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ولَغَ الكَلبُ في إِناءِ أَحَدِكُم فليُرِقْه، ثم ليَغسِلْه سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ\" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي عثمانَ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ رَفَعَه قال: \"لا يبولَنَّ أَحَدُكُم في الماءِ الدّائمِ ثم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه\" (^٥).\n\n١٢٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَيّانَ بنِ مُلاعِبٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١١٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٩/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٨). وتقدم في (١١٥٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٩/ ٨٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٤٧).","vol":"2","page":267},{"text":"بمَعناه (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسَّانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إِملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"غَطُّوا الإناءَ، وأَوكُوا السِّقاءَ، وأَغلِقوا الأبوابَ، وأَطفِئوا السِّراجَ (^٣)، فإِنَّ الشَّيطانَ لا يَحُلُّ سِقاءً ولا يَكشِفُ إِناءً ولا يَفتَحُ بابًا\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: أَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بتَغطيَةِ الوَضُوءِ، وإيكاءِ السِّقاءِ، وإِكفاءِ الإناءِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-336>بابُ الماءِ الكَثيرِ لا يَنجُسُ بنَجاسَةٍ تَحدُثُ فيه ما لم تُغَيِّرْه</span>\n\n١٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٠٧٦) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر السهمى به. وتقدم في (١١٤٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٢/ ٩٥).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"المصباح\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٦١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤١٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠١٢/ ٩٦).\n(^٦) ابن خزيمة (١٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٠٠)، والدارمى (٢١٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤١١) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٧٥٤).","vol":"2","page":268},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قالَ: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَتَوَضّأُ مِن بئرِ بُضاعَةَ؟ قال: وهِىَ بئرٌ يُلقَى فيها النَّتْنُ والجِيَفُ والحيَضُ والكِلابُ. فقالَ: \"الماءُ طَهورٌ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى شُعَيبٍ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانيّانِ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سَليطِ بنِ أَيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ الأنصارِىِّ ثم العَدَوِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يُقالُ له: إنَّه يُستَقَى لَكَ مِن بئرِ بُضاعَةَ، وهِىَ تُلقَى فيها لُحومُ الكِلابِ والمَحايضُ وعِذَرُ النّاسِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الماءَ طَهورٌ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^٢).\nكَذا رَوَياه عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ. وقيل عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ في هذا الإسناد: عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣). وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ واضِحٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن سَليطٍ: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كما قالَ محمدُ بنُ كَعبٍ (^٤). وقالَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ ويونُسُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أتتوضأ\" بالخطاب للنبي - ﷺ -. وتقدم في (٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٣)، وأبو داود (٦٧)، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٥٠ - مسند ابن عباس)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٠.\n(^٤) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٨٩، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٩٦٩).","vol":"2","page":269},{"text":"ابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن سَليطٍ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^١). وقيل: عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\nوقيل: عن سَليطٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخدرِيِّ عن أَبيهِ.\n\n١٢٣١ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّار، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبي نَوفٍ، عن سَليطٍ، عن ابنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخدرِيِّ، عن أَبيه قال: أتَيتُ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - وهو يَتَوَضّأُ مِن بُضاعَةَ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تَتَوَضّأُ مِنها ويُلقَى فيها ما يُلقَى فيها مِنَ النَّتَنِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَئٌ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الحُمَيدِيُّ عن بشرِ بنِ السَّرِيِّ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ القَسمَلِىِّ (^٤).\nورواه ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ عَمَّن لا يُتَّهَمُ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) رواية إبراهيم بن سعد أخرجها أحمد (١١٨١٥). ورواية أحمد بن خالد الوهبى أخرجها الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ١/ ١١، والدارقطني ١/ ٣١. ورواية يونس بن بكير أخرجها البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٨٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣١، ٣٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١١١٩)، والنسائي (٣٢٦) من طريق عبد العزيز بن مسلم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣١٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٧٥).","vol":"2","page":270},{"text":"العَدَوِىِّ عن أبي سَعيدٍ:\n\n١٢٣٢ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^١) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عَمَّن لا يُتَّهَمُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ العَدَوِىِّ - وقالَ محمدٌ: عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ - عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه قال: قيلَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّكَ تتَوَضّأُ مِن بئرِ بُضاعَةَ وهِىَ يُطرَحُ فيها ما يُنْجِى النّاسُ (^٢) ولُحومُ الكِلابِ والمَحيضُ. فَقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^٣).\nوقَد رُويَت هَذِه اللَّفظَةُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي سعيدٍ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ يَعنِي ابنَ الرَّبيعِ، عن طَريفٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَتَينا على غَديرٍ فيه جيفَةٌ، فتَوَضّأَ بَعضُ القَومِ، وأَمسَكَ بَعضُ القَومِ حَتَّى يَجِئَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -، فجاءَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - في أُخرَياتِ النّاسِ فقالَ: \"تَوَضَّئوا\"\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) ينجى الناس: أي يلقونه من العذرة. النهاية ٥/ ٢٦، واللسان ١٥/ ٣٠٤ (ن ج و).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٢). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٥١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به، وعندهما: عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن العدوى.","vol":"2","page":271},{"text":"واشرَبوا؛ فإِنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبَاحِ الدّولابِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن طَريفٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ. فذكَر بمَعناه، وقالَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^٢). قال: فاستَقَينا وسَقَينا. قال أبو جَعفَرٍ الدّولابِىُّ: طَريفٌ هو أبو سُفيانَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَيسَ هو بالقَوِيِّ، إِلا أَنِّى أَخرَجتُه شاهِدًا لِما تَقَدَّمَ. وقَد قيلَ عن شَريكٍ بهَذا الإسنادِ عن جابِرٍ (^٤). وقيل عنه عن جابِرٍ أَو أبى سعيدٍ بالشَّكِّ (^٥)، وأبو سعيدٍ كأنَّه أَصَحُّ.\nوقَد روِى عن أبي سعيدٍ قِصَّةٌ أُخرَى في مَعناه إِن كان راويها حَفِظَها:\n\n١٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أَيُّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ (^٦)، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٢٦٩). وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٧٨) من طريق قيس بن الربيع به.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٣٧، ١٤٣٨. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٥٦ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق محمد بن الصباح الدولابى به.\n(^٣) هو طريف بن شهاب، أبو سفيان السعدى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٣٨١، والكامل لابن عدى ٤١/ ١٤٣٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٧٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٣٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٧٧: ضعيف.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٢٠). وقال الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١١٦): صحيح دون قصة الجيفة.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٥٦ - مسند ابن عباس)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٢، والمصنف في الخلافيات (٩٧٩).\n(^٦) في س، د: \"الضبعى\".","vol":"2","page":272},{"text":"زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن أَبيه، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئِلَ عن الحياضِ التي بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ وقالوا: تَرِدُها السِّباعُ والكِلابُ والحَميرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما في بُطونِها لها، وما بَقِىَ فهوَ لنا طَهورٌ\" (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه إِسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. وروِى عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أَبيه عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٢). وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زَيدٍ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بأَمثالِهِ (^٣). وقَد روِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَرفوعًا، ولَيسَ بمَشهورٍ.\n\n١٢٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرِ بنِ بَرِّىٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن [أمِّه قالت] (^٤): دَخَلتُ على سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ في نِسوَةٍ فقالَ: لَو أَنِّى أَسقيكُم مِن بُضاعَةَ لَكَرِهتُم ذَلِكَ، وقَد واللهِ سَقَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِى مِنها (^٥). وهَذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٥١٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٥٩ - مسند ابن عباس)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٦٤٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣١ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢١٢).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أبيه قال\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٤). وأخرجه الرويانى (١١٢١) عن محمد بن إسحاق الصغانى به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٢، وأبو يعلى (٧٥١٩)، والطبراني (٦٠٢٦) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وعندهما: \"عن أبيه قال\". وأحمد (٢٢٨٦٠) من طريق محمد بن أبي يحيى به مختصرا.","vol":"2","page":273},{"text":"إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ مَوصولٌ.\n\n١٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينيُّ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن عمرَ ورَدَ حَوضَ مَجَنَّةَ (^١) فقيلَ: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّما ولَغَ الكَلبُ فيه آنِفًا. فقالَ: إنَّما ولَغَ الكَلبُ بلِسانِهِ. فشَرِبَ وتَوَضّأَ (^٢).\nورُوِى عن أَيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ في هَذِه القصَّةِ قال: قَد ذَهَبَت بما ولَغَت - يَعنِى الكِلابَ - في بُطونِها (^٣). وَهَذِه قِصَّةٌ مَشهورَةٌ عن عمرَ وإِن كانَت مُرسَلَةً. وقَد رُوِّينا في مَعناها عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ عن عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا مَنبوذٌ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: كُنّا نُسافِرُ مَعَ مَيمونَةَ فتَمُرُّ بالغَديرِ فيه البَعرُ والجِعلانُ (^٥)، فتَشرَبُ مِنه أَو تَوَضّأُ بهِ (^٦). قال سُفيانُ: وهَذا لَيسَ بشَكٍّ، إنَّما أَرادَ: تَشرَبُ إِن أَرادَت أَو\n_________\n(^١) مجنة: اسم سوق للعرب كان في الجاهلية، وقل: بلد على أميال من مكة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٢١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٨١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) تقدم عند المصنف (١١٩٦).\n(^٥) الجعلان، دويبة سوداء قوتها الغائط، فإن شمت ريحا طيبة ماتت. فيض القدير ٥/ ٤٨.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٧)، وأبو عبيد في كتاب الطهور (١٨٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥١٧)، وإسحاق (٢٠٢٧) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.","vol":"2","page":274},{"text":"تَوَضّأُ إِن أَرادَت.\n\n١٢٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: إنَّ الماءَ طَهورٌ كُلُّه لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ (^١). وزادَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن داودَ عن سعيدٍ: سألناه عن الحياضِ تَلَغُ فيها الكِلابُ قالَ: أُنزِلَ الماءُ طَهورًا لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ (^٣) ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، في الغَديرِ تَقَعُ فيه الدّابَّةُ فتَموتُ، قالَ: الماءُ طَهورٌ ما لم يَقِلَّ فتُنَجِّسُه المَيتَةُ؛ طَعمَه أَو ريحَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-337>بابُ نَجاسَةِ الماءِ الكَثيرِ إذا غَيَّرَته النَّجاسَةُ</span>\n\n١٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رِشدينُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (١٥٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٢٥)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٦٤ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أحمد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ٣٦٢، ٣٦٣ من طريق الوليد به.","vol":"2","page":275},{"text":"الباهِلِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الماءُ لا يُنَجِّسُه شيءٌ إِلا ما غَلَبَ عليه؛ طَعمِه أَو ريحِه\" (^١).\n\n١٢٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يُنَجِّسْه شَيءٌ إِلا ما غَلَبَه ريحُه أَو طَعمُه\". كَذا وجَدتُه، ولَفظُ القُلَّتَينِ فيه غَريبٌ.\n\n١٢٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الشّاماتِىُّ، حدثنا عَطيَّةُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ بنِ الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبى، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الماءَ طاهِرٌ إِلا إِن تَغَيَّرَ ريحُه أَو طَعمُه أَو لَونُه بنَجاسَةٍ تَحدُثُ فيه\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرِ بنِ يوسُفَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ بدِمَشقَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الماءُ لا يَنجُسُ إِلا ما غَيَّرَ ريحَه أَو طَعمَه\" (^٣).\nورواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن الأحوَصِ بنِ حَكيمٍ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٢١) من طريق مروان بن محمد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١١٧).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فيها\". والحديث عند المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٩٧ عن محمد بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"2","page":276},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^١). ورواه أبو أُسامَةَ عن الأحوَصِ عن أبي عَونٍ وراشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ مِن قَولِهِما (^٢). والحَديثُ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ، إِلا أَنّا لا نَعلَمُ في نَجاسَةِ الماءِ إذا تَغَيَّرَ بالنَّجاسَةِ خِلافًا، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشافعيُّ قال: وما قُلتُ مِن أنَّه إذا تَغَيَّرَ طَعمُ الماءِ وريحُه ولَونُه كان نَجِسًا، يُروَى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِن وجهٍ لا يُثبِتُ أَهلُ الحديثِ مِثلَه، وهو قَولُ العامَّةِ لا أَعلَمُ بَينَهُم فيه خِلافًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-338>بابُ الفَرقِ بَينَ القَليلِ الذي يَنجُسُ والكَثِير الذي لا يَنجُسُ ما لم يَتَغَيَّرْ</span>\n\n١٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الماءِ وما يَنوبُه مِنَ السِّباعِ والدَّوابِّ فقالَ: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحمِلِ الخَبَثَ\" (^٤). وهَكَذا رواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٦، وابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٠١٦، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٩ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩ من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٠٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨)، والخلافيات (٩٣٦)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٣) =","vol":"2","page":277},{"text":"إِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ (^١) وجَماعَةٌ عن أبي أُسامَةَ.\n\n١٢٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمَّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَخزومِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحمِلْ خَبَثًا\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ وجَماعَةٌ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ في هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ: فلمَّا اختُلِفَ على أبى أُسامَةَ في إِسنادِه أَحبَبنا أن نَعلَمَ مَن أَتَى بالصَّوابِ، فنَظَرنا في ذَلِكَ، فإِذا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيّوبَ قَد رواه عن أبي أُسامَةَ عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ على الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا، فصَحَّ القَولانِ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وصَحَّ أن الوَليدَ بنَ كَثيرٍ رواه عَنهُما جَميعًا، فكانَ أبو أُسامَةَ مَرَّةً يُحَدِّثُ به عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، ومَرَّةً\n_________\n= عن الحسن بن على به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٦).\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٤، ١٥، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٢ من طريق إسحاق به بلفظ: \"لم ينجسه شيء\"، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٥، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٣، وعنه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٣٨) من طريق بشر بن موسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٦، ١٧، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٣، وعنه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٣٨) من طريق محمد بن عثمان بن كرامة به.","vol":"2","page":278},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ به عن الوَليدِ عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَعدانَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الماءِ وما يَنوبُه مِنَ السِّباعِ والدَّوابِّ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحمِلِ الخَبَثَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ، حدثنا ابنُ سَعدانَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيُّوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الإسفَرايينىُّ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه وأَنا سألتُه، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيُّوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَبَّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٧، ١٨ مطولًا.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٤٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٨.","vol":"2","page":279},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الماءِ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى في إِحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي أسامَةَ كما رواه العامِرىُّ، وفِى الأُخرَى كما رواه الحُمَيدِىُّ، وفِى إِحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيِّ عن أبي أسامةَ كما رواه العامِرىُّ، وفِى الأُخرَى كما رواه الحُمَيدِىُّ. وفِى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على صِحَّةِ الرِّوايَتَينِ جَميعًا.\nأَمَّا الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى عن عثمانَ:\n\n١٢٥٠ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ وعُثمانُ ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أسامةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ الأُخرَى عنه:\n\n١٢٥١ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبَّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٤٢)، والمعرفة (٣٩٥)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٣، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٣٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وعند الحاكم: عبد الله بن موسى. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٣٣)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٢٤٩، ١٢٥٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٥. وعند ابن حبان في الموضع الثاني: محمد بن عباد بن جعفر.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٣)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ١٥. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٦).","vol":"2","page":280},{"text":"وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ الأُولَى عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ:\n\n١٢٥٢ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوليدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ الأُخرَى:\n\n١٢٥٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٤ - ورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن محمدِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمد بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ (^٣). وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨)، والخلافيات (٩٣٥)، والمعرفة (٣٩٣) عن الحاكم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٤)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٦). وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٨٢) من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به.","vol":"2","page":281},{"text":"النبيَّ - ﷺ - وسُئلَ عن الماءِ يكونُ بأَرضِ الفَلاةِ وما يَنوبُه مِنَ الدَّواب والسِّباعِ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان الماءُ قَدرَ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحمِلِ الخَبَثَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظِ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ وجَماعَةٌ عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ مِن أَصلِ سَماعِه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه إِملاءً، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ الصَّقرِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عائشةَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الماءِ يَكونُ في الفَلاةِ وتَرِدُه السِّباعُ والكِلابُ قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لا يَحمِلُ الخَبَثَ\" (^٣). كَذا قال: الكِلابُ والسِّباعُ. وهو غَريبٌ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ (^٤). وقالَ إِسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ: الكِلابُ والدَّوابُّ. إِلَّا أن ابنَ عَيّاشٍ اختُلِفَ عليه في إِسنادِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٤٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٣، وفيه: عبد الله بن عبد الله بن عمر. بدلًا من: عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عمر.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٤ عن إبراهيم بن سعد به. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١ من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٤) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. صحيح أبي داود (٥٧).\n(^٥) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٢١ عن ابن عياش به.","vol":"2","page":282},{"text":"ورَوَى هذا الحديثَ حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ المُنذِرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. وفيه قوَّةٌ لِرِوايَةِ ابنِ إِسحاقَ:\n\n١٢٥٦ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ فإِنَّه لا يَنجَسُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه بشرُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ ويَعقوبُ الحَضرَمِىُّ والعَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ المَكِّىُّ وعَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وأبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن حَمَّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ وهُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ المُنذِرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بُستانًا فيه مِقرَى (^٣) ماءٍ فيه جِلدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٩)، والخلافيات (٩٤٩)، وأبو داود (٦٥)، وقال: حماد بن زيد وقفه عن عاصم. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣ من رواية بشر ويعقوب والعلاء. ورواية عفان أخرجها أحمد (٥٨٥٥)، وابن الجارود (٤٦)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٨٩)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٣، وعند أحمد: قلتين أو ثلاثا، على الشك. ورواية الطاليسى في مسنده (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٣) المقرى والمقراة: بكسر الميم، وقيل بفتحها، الحوض الذي يجتمع فيه الماء. النهاية ٤/ ٥٦، والتاج ١٦/ ٢٨٤، ٢٨٥ (ق ر ى).","vol":"2","page":283},{"text":"بَعيرٍ مَيِّتٍ، فتَوَضّأَ مِنه، فقُلتُ: أَتَتَوَضّأُ مِنه وفيه جِلدُ بَعيرٍ مَيِّتٍ؟ فحَدَّثَنِى عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا بَلَغَ الماءُ قَدرَ قُلَّتَينِ أَو ثَلاثٍ لم يُنَجِّسْه شَيءٌ\" (^١). كَذا قالا: \"أَو ثَلاثٍ\". وكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وكامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ (^٢)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ الَّذينَ لم يَشُكّوا أَولَى.\n\n١٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ المِصّيصِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ فلا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^٣). قال عَلِىٌّ: رَفَعَه هذا الشيخُ عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن زائدَةَ، ورواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو عن زائدَةَ مَوقوفًا. وهو الصَّوابُ (^٤):\n\n١٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ، أخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ قال: حدثنا به القاضِى الحسينُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ مِثلَه مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٨)، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٤، وليس عنده: \"قدر\". وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٢ من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢ من طريق يزيد بن هارون وكامل بن طلحة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤.","vol":"2","page":284},{"text":"١٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو حُمَيدٍ المِصّيصِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي لوطٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ فصاعِدًا لم ينَجِّسْه شَيءٌ (^٢).\nورواه أبو بكرِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن أَبانٍ عن أبي يَحيَى عن ابنِ عباسٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوقوفًا.\nوأَمّا الحديثُ الذي:\n\n١٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا سوَيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا بَلَغَ الماءُ أَربَعينَ قُلَّةً لا يَحمِلُ الخَبَثَ\" (^٣).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ تَفَرَّدَ به القاسِمُ العُمَرِىُّ هَكَذا وقَد غَلِطَ فيهِ، وكانَ ضَعيفًا في\n_________\n(^١) ذكره على بن زيد البيهقي في تاريخ بيهق ص ٣١٨، وقال: ولد ونشأ في خسروجرد. وينظر إتحاف المرتقى (١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤، ٢٥، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥٤) عن أبي بكر النيسابورى به. وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١١٠١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن جريج. وفيه: \"محمد\". بدلًا من: \"مجاهد\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٥٨. وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥٨) من طريق سويد به. والعقيلى ٣/ ٤٧٣، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦ من طريق القاسم به.","vol":"2","page":285},{"text":"الحديث (^١)، جَرَحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ والبُخارِىُّ (^٢) وغَيرُهُم مِنَ الحُفّاظِ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عليٍّ الحافظَ يقولُ: حَديثُ محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا بَلَغَ الماءُ أَربَعينَ قُلَّةً\". خَطأٌ، والصَّحيحُ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو قَولَه.\nوبِمَعناه قالَه لِي أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ عن أبي الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ الحافظِ، قال: ووَهِمَ فيه القاسِمُ وكانَ ضَعيفًا كَثيرَ الخَطإِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٢ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ ومَعمَرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِى قال: إذا كان الماءُ اربَعينَ قُلَّةً لم يُنَجِّسْه شَيءٌ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ (^٥). ورواه أَيّوبُ السِّختيانِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) هو القاسم بن عبد الله بن عمر بن حفص العمرى العدوى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١١١، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢١٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٣٧٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٧١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١١٨: متروك.\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٤٧٨ (٣١٣٦)، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٦٠ (٦٨٦)، والتاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٧/ ٢١٨، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ١٣٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٦٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧ عن إسماعيل الصفار به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٨٩ - مسند ابن عباس)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧ من طريق روح به.","vol":"2","page":286},{"text":"عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ مِن قَولِه لم يُجاوِزْ به (^١). ورَوَى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ سِنانٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي هريرةَ، عن أَبيه قال: إذا كان الماءُ قَدرَ أربَعينَ قُلَّةً لم يَحمِلْ خَبَثًا (^٢). وخالَفَه غَيرُ واحِدٍ فرَوَوه عن أبي هريرةَ، فقالوا: أَربَعينَ غَرْبًا (^٣). ومِنهُم مَن قال: أَربَعينَ دَلْوًا. قالَه لِي أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ عن أبي الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ الحافظِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أَربَعونَ دَلوًا مِن ماءٍ لا يُنَجِّسُه، وإِنِ اغتَسَلَ فيه الجُنُبُ واتَّبعَه آخَرُ (^٥). وهَذا أَولَى. وابنُ لَهيعَةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٦). وقَولُ مَن يوافِقُ قَولُه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ قَولَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في القُلَّتَينِ أَولَى أن يُتَّبَعَ. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٢) - ومن طريقه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٤٧٣، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧ - وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٩٠ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (١٧١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٦٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٣) الغرب: الدلو العظيم يكون من مَسْك الثور. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٨٨، والمصباح المنير ص ١٦٩.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٩١ - مسند ابن عباس).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٦٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (١٧٢)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٩٢ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٨١) من طريق ابن لهيعة به بنحوه.\n(^٦) تقدم قبل (٢٨).","vol":"2","page":287},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-339>بابُ قَدْرِ القُلَّتَينِ</span>\n\n١٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بإِسنادٍ لا يَحضُرُنِى ذِكرُه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحْمِلْ خَبَثًا\". وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"بقِلالِ هَجَرَ\".\nقال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وقَد رأَيتُ قِلالَ هَجَرَ، فالقُلَّةُ تَسعُ قِربَتَينِ أَو قِربَتَينِ وشَيئًا (^١). قال الشافعيُّ (^٢): كان مسلمٌ يَذهَبُ إلى أن ذَلِكَ أَقَلُّ مِن نِصفِ القِربَةِ أَو نِصفُ القِربَةِ، فيَقولُ: خَمسُ قِرَبٍ هو أَكثَرُ ما تَسَعُ قُلَّتَينِ، وقَد تَكونُ القُلَّتانِ أَقلَّ مِن خَمس قِرَبٍ. قالَ الشافعيُّ: فالاحتياطُ أن تَكُونَ القُلَّةُ قِربَتَينِ ونِصفًا (^٣)، فإِذا كان الماءُ خَمسَ قِرَبٍ لم يَحمِلْ نَجَسًا في [جَرٍّ كان] (^٤) أَو غَيرِه، إِلا أن يَظهَرَ في الماءِ مِنه ريحٌ أَو طَعمٌ أَو لَونٌ. قال: وقِرَبُ الحِجازِ كِبارٌ فلا يَكونُ الماءُ الذي لا يَحمِلُ النَّجاسَةَ إِلا بقِرَبٍ كِبارٍ.\n\n١٢٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ٤. وأخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥٢)، والمعرفة (٤٠٢) من طريق أبى العباس.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٤، ٥.\n(^٣) تعادل القربة بالتقدير الحديث ٤٨.٦٨ لترا. بحث المقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٤) في الأم: \"جريان\" مصحفة. وينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ٢٦١.","vol":"2","page":288},{"text":"الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُمَيدٍ المِصّيصِىُّ، أخبرَنا حَجّاجٌ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: اخبرَنِى محمدٌ، أن يَحيَى بنَ عُقَيلٍ أخبرَه، أن يَحيَى بنَ يَعْمَرَ أخبرَه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يَحمِلْ نَجَسًا ولا بأسًا\". قال: فقُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ: قِلالُ هَجَرَ؟ قال: قِلالُ هَجَرَ. قال: فأَظُنُّ أن كُلَّ قُلَّةٍ تأخُذُ فرَقَينِ (^١). زادَ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ في رِوايَتِه: والفَرَقُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ رَطلًا.\n\n١٢٦٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، يَعنِى أبا حُمَةَ، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ - يَعنى موسَى بنَ طارِقٍ - عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى محمدٌ. فذَكَرَه. قال محمدٌ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ: أَىُّ قِلالٍ؟ قال: قِلالُ هَجَرَ. قال محمدٌ: فرأَيتُ قِلالَ هَجَرَ، فأَظُنُّ كُلَّ قُلَّةٍ تأخُذُ قِربَتَينِ. كَذا في كِتابِ شَيخِى (قِربَتَينِ) وهَذا أَقرَبُ مِمّا قال مسلمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، والإِسنادُ الأوَّلُ أَحفَظُ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ. قال أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ: محمدٌ هذا الذي حَدَّثَ عنه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ هو محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، يُحَدِّثُ عن يَحيىَ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ ويَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"قربتين\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٥٣)، والمعرفة (٤٠٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٤، ٢٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٤).\n(^٣) ناصر بن الحسين بن محمد بن على أبو الفتح المروزي الشافعي القرشي الشريف، قال عبد الغافر: من وجوه فقهاء أصحاب الشافعي بنيسابور ومناظريهم، والمنظورين منهم نسبًا وفضلا وورعا =","vol":"2","page":289},{"text":"حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: إذا كان الماءُ قُلَّتَينِ لم يُنَجِّسْه شَيءٌ. قالَ: قُلتُ: ما القُلَّتَينِ؟ قال: الجَرَّتَينِ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِسحاقُ - يَعنى ابنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيَّ - أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رِزمَةَ، عن حمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ المُنذِرِ قال: القِلالُ الخَوابِى (^٢) العِظامُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ عمرَ قال: قال عبدُ الرحيمِ يَعنِى ابنَ سليمانَ: سألنا ابنَ إسحاقَ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن القُلَّتَينِ فقالَ: هَذِه الجِرارُ التي يُستَقَى فيها الماءُ والدَّواريقُ.\n\n١٢٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الوَكيلُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ هُشَيمًا\n_________\n= وتواضعًا. وقال الذهبي: تفقه به أهل نيسابور، وكان مدار الفتوى والمناظرة عليه. . . وأملى مدة، وصنف. . . وكان خيرًا متواضعًا فقيرا، متعففا قانعًا باليسير، كبير القدر. توفى سنة (٤٤٤ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٥٧٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٦٤٣.\n(^١) الجعديات (٢١٢٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الخوابى، جمع خابية، وهى الجرة الكبيرة. تاج العروس ١/ ٢٠٧ (خ ب أ).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤ من طريق إسحاق به.","vol":"2","page":290},{"text":"يقولُ: القُلَّتَينِ يَعنِى الجَرَّتَينِ الكِبارَ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ الحَسّانِىُّ قال: قال وكيعٌ: يَعنى بالقُلَّةِ الجَرَّةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ: القُلَّةُ الجَرَّةُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا ابن عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ يَعنى ابنَ عَطاءٍ الخَفّافَ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ صَعصعَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فذكَر حَديثَ المِعراجِ وفيه: \"ثم رُفِعَت إِلَىَّ (^٤) سِدرَةُ المُنتَهَى\". فحَدَّثَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن ورَقَها مِثلُ آذانِ الفِيَلَةِ، وأَنَّ نَبِقَها مِثلُ قِلالِ هَجَرَ (^٥). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ\nأبى عَروبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٩، ٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٥٣) عن وكيع عقب حديث ابن عمر في القلتين.\n(^٣) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"لنا\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٧)، ودلائل النبوة ٢/ ٣٧٣ - ٣٧٦. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠١) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٢٠٧)، ومسلم (١٦٤/ ٢٦٤).","vol":"2","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-340>بابُ صِفَةِ بئرِ بُضاعَةَ</span>\n\n١٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ قال: أَمَّا حَديثُ بئرِ بُضاعَةَ، فإِنَ بئرَ بُضاعَةَ كَثيرَةُ الماءِ واسِعَةٌ كان يُطرَحُ فيها مِنَ الأنجاسِ ما لا يُغَيِّرُ لها لَونًا ولا طَعمًا ولا يَظهَرُ له فيها ريحٌ، فقيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: تَوَضّأُ مِن بئرِ بُضاعَةَ وهِىَ يُطرَحُ فيها كَذا وكَذا؟ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مُجيبًا: \"الماءُ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\". وبَيِّنٌ أنَّه في الماءِ مِثْلِها إِذ (^١) كان مُجيبًا عَلَيها (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ قال: قال قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ: سألتُ قَيِّمَ بئرِ بُضاعَةَ عن عُمقِها فقلتُ: أَكثَرُ ما يكونُ فيها الماءُ؟ قال: إلى العانَةِ. قُلتُ: فإِذا نَقَصَ؟ قال: دونَ العَورَةِ. قال أبو داودَ: قَدَّرتُ بئرَ بُضاعَةَ برِدائى، مَدَدتُه عَلَيها ثم ذَرَعتُه، فإِذا عَرضُها سِئةُ أَذرُعٍ، وسالتُ الذي فتَحَ لِي بابَ البُستانِ فأَدخَلَنِى إِلَيه: هَل غُيِّرَ بناؤُها عَمَّا كانَت عَلَيهِ؟ فقالَ: لا. ورأَيتُ فيها ماءً مُتَغَيِّرَ اللَّونِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-341>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَزحِ زَمزَمَ</span>\n\n١٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"إذا\". وهى كذلك في اختلاف الحديث.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٧)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٠٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٧٦)، وأبو داود عقب (٦٧).","vol":"2","page":292},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن زِنجيًّا وقَعَ في زَمزَمَ، يَعنِى فماتَ، فأَمَرَ به ابنُ عباسٍ فأُخرِجَ، وأَمَرَ بها أن تُنزَحَ. قال: فغَلَبَتهُم عَينٌ جاءَتهُم مِنَ الرُّكنِ، فأَمَرَ بها فدُسَّت بالقَباطِىِّ والمَطارِفِ (^١) حَتَّى نَزَحوها، فلَمّا نَزَحوها انفَجَرَت عَلَيهِم (^٢).\nورواه ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، أن زِنجيًّا وقَعَ في زَمزَمَ، فأَمَرَهُمُ ابنُ عباسٍ بنَزحِه (^٣). وهَذا بَلاغٌ بَلَغَهُما، فإِنَّهُما لم يَلقَيا ابنَ عباسٍ ولَم يَسمَعا مِنه. ورواه جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ مَرَّةً عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤)، ومَرَّةً عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ نَفسِه (^٥)، أن غُلامًا وقَعَ في زَمزَمَ فنُزِحَت. وجابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٦). ورواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٧)، وابنُ لَهيعَةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٨). قال الزَّعفرانِىُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ: لا نَعرِفُه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وزَمزَمُ\n_________\n(^١) القباطى، جمع قبطية، وهى الثوب من ثياب مصر رقيقة بيضاء. والمطارف، جمع مطرف، وهى أردية من خز مربعة لها أعلام. النهاية ٤/ ٦، واللسان ٩/ ٢١٣، ٢٤٨ (ط ر ف، ق ب ط).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣، وعنده: \"فدسمت\"، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الطهور (١٧٧)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١١٦٣) من طريق سعيد به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٣٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة عن قتادة عن ابن عباس به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠٥) عن جابر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٧، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٣، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٨٥) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٦) هو جابر بن يزيد الجعفى أبو عبد الله. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢١٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٠٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٣٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٦٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٢٣: ضعيف، رافضى.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٥)، والخلافيات (٩٩٠) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٨) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٢٨).","vol":"2","page":293},{"text":"عندَنا ما سَمِعْنا بهَذا (^١).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ شيرُويَه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا قُدامَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ يَعنِى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: أَنا بمَكَّةَ مُنذُ سبعينَ سنةً لم أَرَ أَحَدًا صَغيرًا ولا كَبيرًا يَعرِفُ حَديثَ الزِّنجِيِّ الذي قالوا إنَّه وقَعَ في زَمزَمَ، ما سَمِعتُ أَحَدًا يقولُ: نُزِحَ زَمزَمُ (^٢). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وكَذَلِكَ لا يَنبَغِى؛ لأنَّ الآثارَ قَد جاءَت في نَعتِها أَنَّها لا تُنزَحُ ولا تُذَمُّ (^٣). لا أَدرِى أبو قُدامَةَ حَكاه عن أبي عُبَيدٍ أَو أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ.\nقال الزَّعفَرانِىُّ: قال الشافعيُّ لِمُخالِفيه: قَد رَوَيتُم عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الماءُ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\". أَفَتُرَى أن ابنَ عباسٍ يَروِى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - خَبرًا ويَترُكُه إِن كانَت هَذِه رِوايَتَه، وتَروونَ عنه أنه تَوَضّأَ مِن غَديرٍ يُدافِعُ جيفَةً، وتَروونَ عنه: \"الماءُ لا يَنجُسُ\". فإِن كان شَيءٌ مِن هذا صَحيحًا، فهوَ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه لم تُنزَحْ زَمزَمُ لِلنَّجاسَةِ ولَكِن لِلتَنظيفِ إِن كان فعَلَ، وزَمزَمُ لِلشُّربِ، وقَد يَكونُ الدَّمُ ظَهَرَ على الماءِ حَتَّى رُئىَ فيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠٥) عن الزعفرانى به. وهو في مختصر المزني ص ٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٦).\n(^٣) الطهور لأبي عبيد ص ٢٤٨. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية قيل إنها بخط ابن الصلاح، فالله أعلم: قلت: يحتمل أن يكون قوله: لا تدم بالدال المهملة أي لا تطم، ويحتمل أن يكون بالذال المعجمة أي لا يقل ماؤها بحيث تذم، والله أعلم، والذي رأيناه في فن غريب الحديث فهو بالذال المعجمة من قولهم: بئر ذمة. بفتح الذال أي قليلة الماء\".\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠٦).","vol":"2","page":294},{"text":"١٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ بماءٍ، فقيلَ له: استَحَمَّت به فُلانَةُ الآنَ - يَعنِى امرأةً مِن نِسائِه - قال: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يُنَجِّسُه شَيءٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ القاضِى وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ وعُثمانُ بنُ عمرَ قالوا: حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اغتَسَلَ بَعضُ أَزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في جَفنَةٍ، فجاءَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - ليَتَوَضّأَ أَو ليَغتَسِلَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّى كُنتُ جُنُبًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الماءَ لا يَجْنُبُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن ماءِ الحَمّامِ فقالَ: الماءُ لا يَجنُبُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٩٦)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٦٦). وينظر ما تقدم في (٩١٦).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٩١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٩٢)، والمعرفة (٤٠٨) من طريق ابن دحيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (١١٥٦) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٤٤) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"2","page":295},{"text":"أبو بَحرٍ البَرْبَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا زكريا، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أَربَعٌ لا تَنْجَسُ؛ الإنسانُ والماءُ والثَّوبُ والأرضُ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٠ - وقالَ أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِىُّ عن زكريا في هذا الحديثِ: أَربَعٌ لا يُجْنِبْنَ. أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الطَوابيقِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالت: لَيسَت على الماءِ جَنابَةٌ (^٣).\nقال الزَّعفَرانِيُّ: قال الشافعيُّ: ونَحنُ نَروِى عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قَولَنا، ونَروِى عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه أَمَرَ رجلًا يَغتَسِلُ في بئرٍ مِن جَنابَةٍ. ويُروَى عن عمرَ قَريبًا مِنه.\n\n١٢٨٢ - وأَمَّا الأثَرُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سَليمانَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٤٢ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١١٣، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٩١) من طريق زكريا به. وفى الخلافيات: لا يخبثن.\n(^٣) تقدم بنحوه (٩٠١).","vol":"2","page":296},{"text":"الشافعيُّ حِكايَةً عن خالِدٍ الواسِطىِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي البَختَرِىِّ، عن عليٍّ، في الفأْرَةِ تَقَعُ في البِئرِ فتَموتُ، قال: تُنزَحُ حَتَّى تَغلِبَهُم (^١). فهَذا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ؛ لأنَّ أبا البَختَرِيِّ لم يَسمَعْ عَليًّا، فهوَ مُنقَطِعٌ. قال الزَّعفَرانِىُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ: رَوَى ابنُ أبي يَحيَى عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أَبيه، أن عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ قال: إذا وقَعَتِ الفأْرَةُ في البِئرِ فماتَت فيها نُزِحَ مِنها دَلوٌ أَو دَلوانِ. يَعنِى: فإِن تَفَسَّخَت نُزِحَ مِنها خَمسَةٌ أَو سَبعَةٌ. وهَذا أَيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، في احتِجَاجِ مَنِ احتَجَّ بالأثرِ عن عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ، قُلتُ: فتُخالِفُ ما جاءَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى قَولِ غَيرِهِ؟ قال: لا. قُلتُ: قَد فعَلتَ وخالَفتَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا وابنَ عباسٍ؛ زَعَمتَ أن عَليًّا قال: إذا وقَعَتِ الفأْرَةُ في البِئرِ نُزِحَ مِنها سَبعَةُ أَو خَمسَةُ أَدلاءٍ، وزَعَمتَ أَنَّها لا تَطهُرُ إِلا بعِشرينَ أَو ثَلاثينَ، وزَعَمتَ أن ابنَ عَبّاسٍ نَزَحَ زَمزَمَ مِن زِنجِيٍّ وقَعَ فيها، وأَنتَ تَقولُ: يَكفِى مِن ذَلِكَ أَربَعونَ أَو سِتّونَ دَلوًا، وهَذا عن عليٍّ وعَنِ ابنِ عباسٍ غَيرُ ثابِتٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-342>بابُ طَهارَةِ الماءِ يُنْتِنُ بلا حَرامٍ خالَطَه</span>\n\n١٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤١٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٦٤.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤١٠) عن الشافعي به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤١١). والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ١١١.","vol":"2","page":297},{"text":"حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، في قِصَّةِ أُحُدٍ وما أَصابَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - في وجهِه قال: وسَعَى عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ إلى المِهراسِ (^١)، فأَتَى بماءٍ في مِجَنَّةٍ، فأَرادَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَشرَبَ مِنه، فوَجَدَ له ريحًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذا ماءٌ آجِنٌ\" (^٢). فتَمَضمَضَ مِنه، وغَسَلَت فاطِمَةُ عن أَبيها الدَّمَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى مَن لا أَتَّهِمُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: فلَمّا انتَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إلى فمِ الشِّعبِ خَرَجَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ حَتَّى مَلأ دَرَقَتَه (^٤) مِنَ المِهراسِ، ثم جاءَ به إلى رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - ليَشرَبَ مِنه، فوَجَدَ له ريحًا فعافَه فلَم يَشرَبْ مِنه، وغَسَلَ عن وجهِه الدَّمَ، وصَبَّ على رأسِه وهو يقولُ: \"اشتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ على مَن دَمَّى وجهَ نَبيِّه - ﷺ -\".\nهَكَذا رواه يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ. ورواه إِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ عن أبيه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن أَبيهِ (^٥). وهو إِسنادٌ مَوصولٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المهراس: هو ماء بأحد في الشعب بالقرب من مشهد حمزة. والمهراس حجر منقور مستطيل يوضع به الماء يُتوضأ منه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٩٦، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٣٠٧، وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٢١٧).\n(^٢) الماء الآجن: المتغير الطعم واللون. النهاية ١/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٣/ ٢٨٢، ٢٨٣.\n(^٤) الدرقة: الترس من جلد بلا خشب ولا عقب. ينظر القاموس المحيط ٣/ ١٢٢، ٢٢٣ (ح ج ف، د رق).\n(^٥) إسحاق بن راهويه، كما في الإتحاف للبوصيرى (٦٢٤٦) وصحح البوصيرى إسناده.","vol":"2","page":298},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-343>جِماعُ أبوابِ المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-344>بابُ الرُّخْصَةِ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ (^١)\n\n١٢٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسِ بنِ سلمةَ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ وهارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ وهبٍ حدَّثَهُم، عن عمرٍو. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه وزادَ، وأَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ سألَ عمرَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: نَعَم إذا حدَّثَكَ سَعدٌ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَيئًا فلا تَسأَلْ غَيرَه (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أَصبَغَ بنِ الفَرَجِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أَسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨) عن هارون بن معروف به. وفى الأصل: \"عُبدوس\" بضم العين.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٢).","vol":"2","page":299},{"text":"ابنُ المُختارِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقَّاصٍ حَديثًا يَرفَعُه إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الوُضوءِ على الخُفَّينِ: \"إنَّه لا بأسَ بالوُضوءِ على الخُفَّينِ\". وحَدَّثَ أبو سلمةَ أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ حدَّثه بذَلِكَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ، وأَنَّ عمرَ قال لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ كأنَّه يَلومُه: حدَّثَكَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقَّاصٍ حَديثًا ولَم تأخُذْ به! إذا حدَّثَكَ سَعدٌ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلا تَبغِ وراءَ حَديثِه حَديثًا (^١). ذكَر البخاريُّ إِسنادَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٨ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمَّامٍ قال: بالَ جَريرٌ ثم تَوَضأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، فقيلَ: تَفعَلُ هَذا؟ قال: نَعَم، رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالَ ثم تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ. قال الأعمَشُ: قال إِبراهيمُ: كان يُعجِبُهُم هذا الحديثُ؛ لأنَّ إِسلامَ جَريرٍ كان بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، ورواه البخاريُّ عن آدَمَ عن شُعبَةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٠/ ٣٥١ من طريق عبد العزيز بن المختار به. وأحمد (١٤٥٢، ١٤٥٩)، والنسائي (١٢٢) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به مقتصرًا على ذكر المرفوع.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٠٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤، ٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦) من طريق أبى معاوية. ومسلم (٢٧٢/. . .)، والترمذي (٩٣)، والنسائي (١١٨)، وابن ماجه (٥٤٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٢/ ٧٢)، والبخاري (٣٨٧).","vol":"2","page":300},{"text":"١٢٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، أن جَريرًا بالَ ثم تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ وقالَ: ما يَمنَعُنِى أن أَمسَحَ وقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ. قالوا: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ قبلَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\". قال: ما أَسلَمتُ إِلا بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِىُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: مَشَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى سُباطَةِ (^٢) قَومٍ فبالَ قائمًا ثم دَعا بماءٍ فجِئتُه بماءٍ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وعنده: \"محمد بن غسان\" بدلًا من: \"محمد بن سنان\". وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٤) من طريق عبد الله بن داود به. وابن خزيمة (١٨٧) من طريق بكير به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٧٠: بكير مجروح.\n(^٢) السباطة: الموضع الذي يرمى فيه التراب والأوساخ وما يكنس من المنازل، وقيل: هي الكناسة نفسها. النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٦، ٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٦١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٣/ ٧٣).","vol":"2","page":301},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، قال ابنُ عُبَيدٍ: وحَدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه خَرَجَ لِحاجَتِه فاتَّبَعَه المُغيرَةُ بإِداوَةٍ فيها ماءٌ، فصَبَّ عليه حينَ فرَغَ مِن حاجَتِه فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن اللَّيث بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائيُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ الصّائغُ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، عن أَبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على عِمامَتِه وخُفَّيهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ. وفِي حَديثِ الآخَرينِ، أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٢٤) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٥٤٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٣)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٥).","vol":"2","page":302},{"text":"على الخُفَّينِ والعِمامَةِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وحَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ وأَبانٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ في المَسحِ على الخُفَينِ (^٣).\nورواه مَعمَرٌ عن يَحيَى عن أبي سلمةَ عن عمرٍو:\n\n١٢٩٣ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ قال: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على خُفَّيهِ (^٤). وقَد ذكَر البخاريُّ هَذِه الرواياتِ إِشارَةً إِلَيها (^٥).\n\n١٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى بلالٌ عن رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦١٦)، والدارمى (٧٣٧) عن أبي المغيرة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٤٦)، والبخاري (٢٠٤) من طريق شيبان به. والنسائي (١١٩) من طريق حرب به.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٤٦)، وعنه أحمد (١٧٦١٥).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٢٠٤، ٢٠٥).","vol":"2","page":303},{"text":"ومَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ والخِمارِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عيسَى. وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ بإِسنادِه عن بلالٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ والعِمامَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣). وتابَعَهُم على ذَلِكَ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ وأبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ (^٤). ورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن الأعمَشِ، فلَم يَذكُرْ كَعبًا في إِسنادِهِ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رواه شُعبَةُ في آخَرينَ عن الحَكَمِ مُرسَلًا (^٦). ورواه زائدَةُ وعَمَّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ عن الأعمَشِ، فذَكَرا فيه البَراءَ بَدَلَ كَعبٍ (^٧). ومَن أَقامَ إِسنادَه ثِقاتٌ. واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ وهو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٠٤)، والنسائي (١٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠) من طريق ابن نمير به. وابن ماجه (٥٦١) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٥)، والنسائي (١٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والترمذي (١٠١) من طريق على به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧١٧)، والطبراني (١٠٦١) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٦٢) عن عبد الواحد وأبى إسحاق.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٩٨) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٩٨)، والنسائي (١٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩١٥)، والنسائي (١٠٥) من طريق زائدة به.","vol":"2","page":304},{"text":"سليمانُ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً ومَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ وصَلَّى الصَّلَواتِ كُلَّها بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: صَنَعتَ شَيئًا ما كُنتَ تَصنَعُه. فقالَ: \"عَمدًا فعَلتُه يا عُمَرُ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عَلقَمَةُ بنُ مَرثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ بوُضوءٍ واحِدٍ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: إِنِّى رأَيتُكَ صَنَعتَ شَيئًا لم تَصنَعْه. قال: \"عَمدًا صَنَعتُه\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي نُعمٍ، حدَّثنى المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ أنَّه سافَرَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واديًا فقَضَى حاجَتَه ثم خَرَجَ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، نَسيتَ، لم تَخلَعِ الخُفَّينِ؟ قالَ: \"كَلَّا بَل أَنتَ نَسيتَ، بهَذا أَمَرَنِى رَبِّى ﷿\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عروبة في حديثه (٥٢)، وتمام في فوئده (١٧١، ١٧٢) من طريق على بن قادم مقتصرًا على ذكر الوضوء. وتقدم في (٥٧٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٤)، وأبو داود (١٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٤٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (١٥٦) من طريق بكير به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٧٢: بكير ضعيف. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧).","vol":"2","page":305},{"text":"ورُوِّينا جَوازَ المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ (^١)، وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ (^٢)، وسَعدِ بنِ أبي وقَّاصٍ (^٣)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ (^٥)، وحُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ (^٦)، وأَبِى أيُّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ (^٧)، وأَبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ (^٨)، وعَمَّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ (^٩)، وجابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١٠)، وعَمرِو بنِ العاصِ (^١١)، وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^١٢)، وسَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١٣)، وأَبِى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^١٤)، والمُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ (^١٤)، والبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^١٤)، وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ (^١٥)، وجابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ (^١٦)، وأَبِى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ (^١٧)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٦، ١٢٨٧). وسيأتي (١٣٠١، ١٣٠٢، ١٣٢٤، ١٣٢٥، ١٣٣٥، ١٣٤٢).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٣٢٨).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٣٠١، ١٣٠٢).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٣٢٦، ١٣٢٧، ١٣٣٤).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٣٠٣، ١٣٢٩).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٩٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٢٨).\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٤)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٤٩).\n(^٨) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٠٩)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٥٢).\n(^٩) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٢١)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٥٥).\n(^١٠) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٧١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٠٨).\n(^١١) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٤٨).\n(^١٢) سيأتي في (١٣١٣).\n(^١٣) ينظر مسند ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢)، ومسند الرويانى (١٠٢٥).\n(^١٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٢٨).\n(^١٥) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٥٤).\n(^١٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩١٠)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٤٤).\n(^١٧) ينظر مسند الحارث (٧٧ - بغية)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٥٠).","vol":"2","page":306},{"text":"الحارِثِ بنِ جَزءٍ (^١)، وأَبِى زَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢)، ﵃ أَجمَعينَ.\n\n١٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الجَرّاحِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ الباشانِىُّ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ: لَيسَ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ عندَنا خِلافٌ، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَسأَلُنِى عن المَسحِ فأَرتابُ به أن يَكونَ صاحِبَ هَوًى (^٤).\nبَلَغَنِى عن أبي بكرٍ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ أنَّه قال عَقِيبَ هَذِه الحِكايَةِ: وذَلِكَ أنَّ كُلَّ مَن رُوِى عنه مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه كَرِهَ المَسحَ على الخُفَّينِ، فقَد رُوِى عنه غَيرُ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما بَلَغَنا كَراهيَةُ ذَلِكَ عن عليٍّ وعائشَةَ وابنِ عَبّاسٍ. أَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عليٍّ أنَّه قال: سَبَقَ الكِتابُ المَسحَ على الخُفَّينِ (^٦). ولَم يُروَ ذَلِكَ عنه بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه. وأَمّا عائشَةُ، فإِنَّها كَرِهَت ذَلِكَ (^٧)، ثم ثَبَتَ عَنها أَنَّها أَحالَت بعِلمِ ذَلِكَ على عليٍّ، وعَلِىٌّ أخبرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بالرُّخصَةِ فيهِ.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٤٢٧، ٤٢٨ عن عبد الله بن الحارث.\n(^٢) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٥٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"شاسويه\". بالشين المعجمة. وينظر التعليق عليه في ١/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٢٣) عن ابن المبارك دون قوله: وإن الرجل ليسألنى.\n(^٥) الأوسط ١/ ٤٣٤.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٥٧).\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٥٥، ١٩٦٤).","vol":"2","page":307},{"text":"١٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبى عمرٍو والقاضِى أبو الهَيثَمِ عُتبَةُ بنُ خَيثَمَةَ (^١) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقالَت: ائتِ عَليًّا، فإِنَّه أعلمُ بذَلِكَ مِنِّى. فأَتَيتُ عَليًّا فسألتُه عن المَسحِ فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا أن يَمسَحَ المُقيمُ يَومًا ولَيلَةً والمُسافِرُ ثَلاثًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nوقالَ زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ: حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ. فذكَر هذا الإسنادَ وقالَ: فقالَت عائشَةُ: ما لِي بهَذا عِلمٌ، ولَكِنِ ائتِ رجلًا فسَلْه فهوَ أَعلَمُ. قُلتُ: ومَن هوَ؟ قالَت: عَلِىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، ائتِه فسَلْه. ثُمَّ ذكَر نَحوَه (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيُّوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، عن شَريكٍ،\n_________\n(^١) عتبة بن خيثمة بن محمد بن حاتم أبو الهيثم النيسابورى الحنفي، شيخ الحنفية، نعمان زمانه، قال عبد الغافر: أستاذ الففهاء والقضاة من أصحاب أبى حنيفة، عديم النظير في الفقه والتدريس. وقال القرشي: ثقة مشهور، من بيت العلم والقضاء والإمامة والحديث. توفى سنة (٤٠٦ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٣٥٦)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ١٣، والجواهر المضية ٣/ ٥٧٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٠٦)، والنسائي (١٢٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسيأتي (١٣١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٦/. . .).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٢٧٦/ عقب ٨٥) من طريق زيد به.","vol":"2","page":308},{"text":"عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أَبيه قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَت: ائتِ عَليًّا، فإِنَّه كان يُسافِرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَتَيتُه فسألتُه فقالَ: كُنّا إذا سافَرنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بالمَسحِ على خِفافِنا (^١).\nوأَمّا ابنُ عباسٍ فإِنَّما كَرِهَه حينَ لم يَثبُتْ له مَسحُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - على الخُفَّينِ بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\"، فلَمّا ثَبَتَ له رَجَعَ إِلَيهِ.\n\n١٣٠١ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمَادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى خُصَيفٌ، أن مِقسَمًا مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ أخبرَه، أن ابنَ عباسٍ أخبرَه قال: كنتُ (^٢) أَنا عِندَ عمرَ حينَ سألَه سَعدٌ وابنُ عمرَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقَضَى لِسَعدٍ. قال: فقُلتُ لِسَعدٍ: قَد عَلِمنا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على خُفَّيه، ولَكِن أَقَبلَ \"المائدَةِ\". أَم بَعدَها؟ لا يُخبِرُكَ أَحَدٌ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ بعدَ \"المائدَةِ\". فسَكَتَ عُمَرُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أَبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٩) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، د.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٦٢) عن عبد الرزاق به، وعنده: قال: لا يخبرك. . . فجعله من كلام سعد. وأبو داود - كما في تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٢٤٦ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"2","page":309},{"text":"أَنا عِندَ عمرَ حينَ اختَصَمَ إِلَيه سَعدٌ وابنُ عمرَ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقَضَى لِسَعدٍ، فقُلتُ: لَو قُلتُم بهَذا في السَّفَرِ البَعيدِ والبَردِ الشَّديدِ (^١).\nفهَذا تَجويزٌ مِنه لِلمَسحِ في السَّفَرِ البَعيدِ والبَردِ الشَّديدِ بعدَ أن كان يُنكِرُه على الإطلاقِ. وقَد رُوِى عنه أنَّه أَفتَى به لِلمُقيمِ والمُسافِرِ جَميعًا:\n\n١٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليٍّ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الغِطريفِ بجُرجانَ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ سلمةَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَ: لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ ولِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ (^٢). وهَذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن فِطرِ بنِ خَليفَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: يا أبا محمدٍ، إنَّ عِكرِمَةَ كان يقولُ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يقولُ: سَبَقَ الكِتابُ (^٣) الخُفَّينِ. قال: كَذَبَ عِكرِمَةُ، كان ابنُ عباسٍ\n_________\n(^١) مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٨) عن معمر عن ابن طاوس عن أبيه قال: سمعت رجلًا يحدث ابن عباس بخبر سعد وابن عمر. . .\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث (٧٨ - بغية) عن سليمان بن حرب. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٤، وشرح المشكل عقب (٢٤٩٠)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٤٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"المسح على\".","vol":"2","page":310},{"text":"يقولُ: امسَحْ على الخُفَّينِ وإِن خَرَجتَ مِنَ الخَلاءِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه وكيعٌ وغَيرُه عن فِطرٍ (^٢). ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ قالَ ما رَوَى عنه عِكرِمَةُ، ثم لما جاءَه الثَّبَتُ (^٣) عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه مَسَحَ بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" قال ما قال عَطاءٌ.\n\n١٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أن جَريرًا تَوَضّأَ مِن مِطْهَرَةٍ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه. قالوا: تَمسَحُ على خُفَّيكَ؟ قالَ: إِنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على الخُفَّينِ. وكانَ هذا الحديثُ يُعجِبُ أَصحابَ عبدِ اللَّهِ - يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ - ويَقولونَ: إنَّما كان إِسلامُ جَريرٍ بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عمرَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا بَقيَّةُ، حدَّثَنى إِبراهيمُ بنُ أَدهَمَ، حدَّثَنى مُقاتِلُ بنُ حَيّانَ قالَ: نَزَلتُ بشَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ فتَوَضّأَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤١/ ١١٢ من طريق المصنف به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٦٢) - ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٣٨٩ - وابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٠٥ من طريق فطر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٥٦ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) في م: \"التثبت\". والثبت: الحجة والبينة. التاج ٤/ ٤٧٦ (ث ب ت).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٩٦) عن أحمد بن شيبان به. وأحمد (١٩٢٠١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٢/. . .).","vol":"2","page":311},{"text":"ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه فقُلتُ له: تَمسَحُ على خُفَّيكَ؟ قال: [نَزَلَ بى جَريرُ] (^١) بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه فقُلتُ له: تَمسَحُ على خُفَّيكَ؟ قال: نَعَم، رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على خُفَّيهِ. قال: قُلتُ: بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\"؟ قال: ما أَسلَمتُ إِلا بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" (^٢). قال أبو يُحْمِدَ (^٣): قال إِبراهيمُ بنُ أَدهَمَ: ما سَمِعتُ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ بحَديثٍ أَحسَنَ مِن هَذا.\n\n١٣٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ (^٤) وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ (^٥) محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الطَّرَسوسِىُّ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أَدهَمَ، عن مُقاتِلٍ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على خُفَّيهِ. فقالوا: بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\"؟ قال جَريرٌ: إنَّما أَسلَمتُ بعدَ نُزولِ \"المائدَةِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"نزلت بجرير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطوسي في مختصر الأحكام (٧٧) وذكره الترمذي عقب (٩٤)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٤، وابن منده في مسند إبراهيم بن أدهم (٣٢، ٣٣) من طريق بقية به. والترمذي (٩٤) من طريق مقاتل بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذي (٨٢).\n(^٣) في س، د: \"محمد\". وأبو يُحْمِد هو بقية بن الوليد بن صائد. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٩٢.\n(^٤) الحسن بن محمد بن حبيب بن أيوب أبو القاسم النيسابورى المفسر الواعظ صاحب كتاب \"عقلاء المجانين\"، قال عبد الغافر: الأستاذ الإمام الواعظ، المفسر الكامل، سمع وجمع. وقال الذهبي: صنف في التفسير والآداب. . . تكلم فيه الحاكم في رقعة نقلها عنه مسعود بن على السجزى فالله أعلم. توفى سنة (٤٠٦ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٤٨٢)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٥) في د: \"أمامة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٤٩٥)، وابن منده في مسند إبراهيم بن أدهم (٣١) من =","vol":"2","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-345>بابُ مَسحِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - على الخُفَّينِ في السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ جَميعًا</span>\n\n١٣٠٨ - قال: أَمَّا السَّفَرُ ففيما أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إِملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عَبّادِ ابنِ زيادٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فلمَّا كان في بَعضِ الطَّريقِ تَخَلَّفَ وتَخَلَّفتُ معه بالإِداوَةِ، فتَبَرَّزَ ثم أَتانِى فسَكَبتُ على يَدَيه فتَوَضّأَ، وذَلِكَ عِندَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا غَسَلَ وجهَه وأَرادَ غَسلَ ذِراعَيه ضاقَ كُمَّا جُبَّتِه، وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ شاميَّةٌ، فأَخرَجَ يَدَه مِن تَحتِ الجُبَّةِ فغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ثم تَوَضّأَ فمَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانِيِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أَيّوبَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ليَقضِىَ حاجَتَه، فقُمتُ أَسكُبُ عليه الماءَ مِن إِداوَةٍ في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، فغَسَلَ وجهَه وذَهَبَ ليَغسِلَ ذِراعَيه فضاقَ عليه كُمّا الجُبَّةِ فأَخرَجَهُما مِن أَسفَلَ\n_________\n= طريق حيوة به.\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٤٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨١٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١٥). والنسائي في الكبرى (١٦٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ١٠٥).","vol":"2","page":313},{"text":"فغَسَلَهُما ثم مَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٠ - وأمَّا الحَضَرُ، ففيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فانتَهَى إلى سُباطَةِ قَومٍ فبالَ قائمًا، فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدَّثنى عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: أَتَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - سُباطَةَ قَومٍ بالمَدينَةِ فبالَ قائمًا، ثم دَعا بطَهورٍ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣١٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٠٦) من طريق سريج به. وأحمد (١٨٢٢٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٢١)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٣/ ٧٣)، والبخاري (٢٢٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ١١ من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.","vol":"2","page":314},{"text":"ابنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُسامَةَ قالَ: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الأسوافَ فذَهَبَ لحاجَتِه ثم خَرَجَ. قالَ أُسامَةُ: فسألتُ بلالًا ما صنَعَ؟ قال بلالٌ: ذَهَبَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - لِحاجَتِه ثم تَوَضّأَ فغَسَلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه ومَسَحَ برأسِه ومَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: الأسوافُ (^٢) حائطٌ بالمَدينَةِ.\nقالَ الشافعيُّ (^٣): وفِي حَديثِ بلالٍ دَليلٌ على أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ في الحَضَرِ؛ لأنَّ بلالًا حَمَلَ في الحَضَرِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ عليٍّ وغَيرِه في التَّوقيتِ دَليلٌ على (^٤) جَوازِ المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ في الحَضَرِ.\n\n١٣١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي يَعفورٍ العَبدِىِّ، أنَّه رأى أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ في دارِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ دَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٦) عن أبي زكريا به، وفى (٤١٣) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٥) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والنسائي (١٢٠) من طريق ابن نافع به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١١٦).\n(^٢) الأسواف: موضع بالمدينة معروف، وهو من حرم المدينة. معجم ما استعجم ١/ ١٥١. وفي معجم البلدان ١/ ١٦٩ أنه موضع صدقة زيد بن ثابت.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٣٣. وفيه: \"لأن بئر جمل في الحضر\" بدلًا من: \"لأن بلالا حمل في الحضر\".\n(^٤) في د: \"في\".\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٣٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٣٤)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٩٦).","vol":"2","page":315},{"text":"ورُوِّينا فيه عن عمرَ (^١) وسَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ (^٢) وابنِ عمرَ (^٣) - ﵃ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-346>بابُ التَّوقيتِ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ</span>\n\n١٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ قَيسٍ المُلائيُّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: أَتَيتُ عائشةَ (^٤) أَسأَلُها عن (^٥) الخُفَّينِ فقالَت: عَلَيكَ بابنِ أبي طالِبٍ، فإِنَّه كان يُسافِرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فأَتَيتُ عَليًّا فسألتُه فقالَ: أَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَمسَحَ ثَلاثًا إذا سافَرنا، ويَومًا ولَيلَةً إذا أَقَمنا (^٦).\n\n١٣١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إِلا أنَّه قال: فقالَ: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَ لِلمُسافِرِ، ويَومًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٨٦، ١٢٨٧)، وسيأتي في (١٣٠١، ١٣٠٢، ١٣٢٤، ١٣٢٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٠١، ١٣٠٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٣٤٧، ١٣٥٧).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"زوج النبي - ﷺ -\".\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"المسح على\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩) عن أبي محمد السكرى به، وعبد الرزاق في الأمالى في آثار الصحابة (٩٢ - رواية أبى محمد السكرى)","vol":"2","page":316},{"text":"ولَيلَةً لِلمُقيمِ (^١). وكانَ سُفيانُ إذا ذكَر عمرًا أَثنَى عَلَيهِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَت: سَلْ علِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ فإِنَّه كان يَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فسألتُه فقالَ: كُنّا نَمسَحُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ لِلمُسافِرِ، ويَومًا ولَيلَةً لِلمُقيمِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فقالَت: ائتِ عَليًّا فإِنَّه أعلمُ بذَلِكَ مِنِّى. فأَتَيتُ عَليًّا. فذَكَرَه. وأَخرَجَه أَيضًا مِن حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣١٧ - أخبرنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن داودَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن بُسرِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٨٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٢٦)، والنسائي (١٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٦/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٢٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٤) عن الزعفرانى به. وتقدم تخريجه من طريق أبى معاوية (١٢٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٦/ عقب ٨٥). وتقدم في (١٢٩٩).","vol":"2","page":317},{"text":"أبى إِدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ قال: حدثنا عَوفُ بنُ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىُّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَمَرَ بالمَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ؛ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ولَياليهنَّ لِلمُسافِرِ، ويَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ لِلمُقيمِ (^١).\n\n١٣١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ.\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: هو حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدَّثنى عبدُ الوهَّاب الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى بَكرَةَ، عن أَبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقالَ: \"لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ، ولِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ\". وكانَ أبى يَنزِعُ خُفَّيه ويَغسِلُ رِجلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٩٥) عن هشيم به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٧٥: داود دمشقى صالح الحديث.\n(^٢) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٥٥ (٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ١/ ١٢٠ من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان به. وسيأتي في (١٣٥٢).","vol":"2","page":318},{"text":"حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِىُّ الكوفِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ.\nوهَذا الحديثُ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ عن المُهاجِرِ أبى (^١) مَخلَدٍ، ورواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عنه عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، فإِمّا أن يَكونَ غَلَطًا مِنه أَو مِنَ الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ، وإِمّا أن يَكونَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ رواه على الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا. ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ أَولَى أن تَكونَ مَحفوظَةً.\n\n١٣٢١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: أَتَيتُ صَفوانَ بنَ عَسّالٍ المُرادِيَّ فقالَ: ما جاءَ بكَ؟ فقُلتُ: أَبتَغِى العِلمَ. فقالَ: إنَّ المَلائكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجنِحَتَها لِطالِبِ العِلمِ رِضًا بما يَطلُبُ. قُلتُ: حَكَّ في صَدرِى المَسحُ على الخُفَّينِ بعدَ الغائطِ والبَولِ، وكُنتَ امرَأً مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فأَتَيتُكَ أَسأَلُكَ هَل سَمِعتَ مِنه في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا؟ قال: نَعَم، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا إذا كُنّا سَفْرًا أَو مُسافِرينَ ألا نَنزِعَ خِفافَنا ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ولَياليَها إِلا مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، ولَكِن مِن غائطٍ وبَولٍ ونَومٍ (^٢). ورواه مَعمَرٌ عن\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"بن\". وكلاهما صواب فهو المهاجر بن مخلد أبو داود مخلد. والحديث سيأتي تخريجه في (١٣٥٢، ١٣٥٣).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أو\" بدل \"و\". والحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٩٥)، والترمذي (٣٥٣٥)، والنسائي (١٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٤٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٣٥٤، ١٣٨٣).","vol":"2","page":319},{"text":"عاصِمٍ، وزادَ فيه: مَسحَ المُقيمِ (^١).\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِيَّ قُلتُ: أَىُّ حَديثٍ عندَكَ أَصَحُّ في التَّوقيتِ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ؟ فقالَ: حَديثُ صَفوانَ بنِ عَسّالٍ، وحَديثُ أبى بَكرَةَ حَسَنٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: حَديثُ شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ عن عليٍّ أَصَحُّ ما رُوِى في هذا البابِ (^٣) عِندَ مُسلِمِ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ (^٤) رحِمه اللهُ تَعالَى.\n\n١٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن أبي رَوْقٍ عَطيَّةَ بنِ الحارِثِ الهَمدانِيِّ، حدثنا أبو الغَريفِ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عَسّالٍ المُرادِيِّ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: \"وليَمسَحْ أَحَدُكُم على خُفَّيه إذا كان مُسافِرًا ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ، وإذا كان مُقيمًا فيَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٣٥٤).\n(^٢) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٥٤، ٥٥ (٦٦، ٦٧).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الكتاب\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٦/. . .). وتقدم في (١٢٩٩، ١٣٠٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٣٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به مقمرًا على ذكر السرية. وأحمد (١٨٠٩٤) من طريق أبى روق به. وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٧) عن الحسن بن على به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠١١): إسناده حسن. وسيأتي في (١٣٥٥).","vol":"2","page":320},{"text":"أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ: \"لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثٌ (^١) ولِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن نُباتَةَ، عن عمرَ قال: المَسحُ لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن عمرَ أنَّه قال: يَمسَحُ الرَّجل على خُفَّيه إلى ساعَتِها مِن يَومِها ولَيلَتِها (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنى سلمةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ لِلمُسافِرِ ويَومٌ لِلمُقيمِ. قال الحارِثُ: فما أَنزِعُ خُفَّيَّ حَتَّى آتِيَ فِراشِى (^٥).\n\n١٣٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِىِّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ثلاثة أيام\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٥)، وابن حبان (١٣٣٠) من طريق أبى عوانة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\nوانظر ما سيأتي (١٣٣٠ - ١٣٣٣، ١٣٣٦، ١٣٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٩٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٤ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٠٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٤ من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٣٣٤).","vol":"2","page":321},{"text":"حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ المُصطَلِقِ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ إلى المَدينَةِ، فلَم يَنزعِ الخُفَّ ثَلاثًا يَمسَحُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى السُوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَت: سَلْ علِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ. قال: فسألتُه فقالَ: يَومٌ لِلمُقيمِ وثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ لِلمُسافِرِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الزَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ موسَى بنِ خَلَفٍ العَمِّيُّ، حدثنا أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ سلمةَ الهُذَلِيِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ قال: ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ لِلمُسافِرِ، ويَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ لِلمُقيمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-347>بابُ ما ورَدَ في تَركِ التَّوقيتِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٠٢) عن أبي معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٠٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: \"إلى المدائن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٠٣)، والبغوي في الجعديات (٢٥٦٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٤ من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة ذكر عائشة. وتقدم في (١٢٩٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٠٣).","vol":"2","page":322},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى السّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنى شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثنى زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مَنصورًا يقولُ: كُنّا في حُجرَةِ إبراهيمَ يعني النَّخَعِيَّ ومعنا إِبراهيمُ التَّيمِىُّ، فذَكَرنا المَسحَ على الخُفَّينِ، فقالَ إِبراهيمُ التَّيمِىُّ: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: جَعَلَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثًا، ولَوِ استَزَدتُه لَزادَنا. يَعنِى المَسحَ على الخُفَّينِ لِلمُسافِرِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن أَبيه، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأودِيِّ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: أَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَمسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ يَومًا ولَيلَةً إذا أَقَمنا وثَلاثًا إذا سافَرنا، وايمُ اللَّهِ لَو مَضَى السّائلُ في مَسأَلَتِه لَجَعَلَها خَمسًا (^٢)\nورواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن الثَّورِيِّ فقالَ في الحديثِ: ولَوِ استَزَدتُه لَزادَنا (^٣). وَرواه الحسنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ دونَ مَسحِ المُقيمِ:\n\n١٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل (٦٤) من طريق زائدة به. وأحمد (٢١٨٥٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٣٢) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق في الأمالى في آثار الصحابة (٩٣)، ومصنفه (٧٩٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢١٨٨١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٧).","vol":"2","page":323},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِيِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن أَعرابيًّا سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَ: \"ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ\". قال: فرأينا أنَّه لَوِ استَزادَه لَزادَه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ.\nورواه سلمةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ فأَدخَلَ بَينَ عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ وبَينَ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ الحارِثَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ، وتَرَكَ بَينَ عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ وبَينَ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِيَّ، ولَم يَذكُرْ: ولَوِ استَزَدتُه لَزادَنا:\n\n١٣٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"يَمسَحُ المُسافِرُ ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ\". قال شُعبَةُ: أَحسِبُه قال: \"ولَياليَهُنَّ\" (^٢).\nورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن سلمةَ، فخالَفَ شُعبَةَ في إِسنادِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٧٥٨)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٤٧ من طريق الحسن بن عبيد الله به. دون قوله - ﷺ -: \"ولياليهن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٥٤) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٤٩).","vol":"2","page":324},{"text":"١٣٣٤ - أخبرَناه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: يَمسَحُ المُسافِرُ ثَلاثًا. قال: وقالَ الحارِثُ: ما أَخلَعُ خُفَّىَّ حَتَى آتِىَ فِراشِى (^١).\nورواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ فخالَفَهُم جَميعًا:\n\n١٣٣٥ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عمرَ قال: يَمسَحُ المُسافِرُ على الخُفَّينِ ثَلاثًا.\nورواه إِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِىِّ، دونَ الزّيادَةِ التي رَواها مَنصورٌ وسَعيدُ بنُ مَسروقٍ عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ:\n\n١٣٣٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ وحَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن أَبى عبدِ اللَّه الجَدَلِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصاريِّ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ- أنَّه قال في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ: \"لِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٣٧) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٩٩)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٦٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٨٤ من طريق سفيان به. وقول الحارث عن ابن أبي شيبة وحده. وتقدم الأثر في (١٣٢٦).","vol":"2","page":325},{"text":"ولِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الحارِثُ بنُ يَزيدَ العُكلِىُّ وأبو مَعشَرٍ عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٢).\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ، عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: لا يَصِحُّ عِندِى حَديثُ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ في المَسحِ (^٣)؛ لأنَّه لا يُعرَفُ لأبِى عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِيِّ سَماعٌ مِن خُزَيمَةَ، وكانَ شُعبَةُ يقولُ: لم يَسمَعْ إِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ مِن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِيِّ حَديثَ المَسحِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقِصَّةُ زائدَةَ عن مَنصورٍ تَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ ما قال شُعبَةُ، وقَد مَضَت في أَوَّلِ البابِ (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٧ - ورواه ذَوّادُ بنُ عُلبَةَ الحارِثِىُّ - وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٦) - عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَدَلِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَمسَحُ المُسافِرُ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ\". ولَوِ استَزَدناه لَزادَنا. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عَلِيٌّ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٣١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٥٢)، وأبو داود (١٥٧) من طريق شعبة به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٧٨٦) من طريق الحارث به. وأحمد (٢١٨٧٠) من طريق أبى معشر به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"على الخفين\".\n(^٤) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٥٣ عقب (٦٤).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٣٣٠).\n(^٦) هو ذواد بن علبة الحارثى، أبو المنذر الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٦٤، وضعفاء العقيلى ٢/ ٤٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٥١٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٢٢١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٣٨: ضعيف عابد.","vol":"2","page":326},{"text":"يَعنِى ابنَ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا شِهابُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا ذَوّادُ بنُ عُلبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أَيّوبَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رَزينٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ قَطَنٍ، عن عُبادَةَ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ عُمارَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى في بَيتِه، قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَمسَحُ على الخُفَّينِ؟ قال: فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: يَومًا؟ قال: \"ويَومَينِ\". فقُلتُ: ويَومَينِ؟ قال: \"وثَلاثَةً\". قُلتُ: وثَلاثَةً يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ما بَدا لَكَ\" (^٢). قال يَعقوبُ: أُبَىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، ويُقالُ: ابنُ عِمارَةَ بكَسرِ العَينِ.\n\n١٣٣٩ - قال الشيخُ: رواه عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أَيّوبَ دونَ ذِكرِ عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ في إِسنادِه وقالَ في الحديث: قال: \"نَعَم وما شِئتَ\". أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ. فذكَره وزادَ فيه: قال يَحيَى بنُ أَيّوبَ: وكانَ قَد صَلَّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - القِبلَتَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ٩٨٦ من طريق شهاب بن عباد به. والترمذي في العلل (٦٥)، والطبراني (٣٧٦١) من طريق ذواد به. وفى نسخة الأصل: \"عليَة\" بدل \"علبة\".\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣١٦. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٧٩، والطبراني (٥٤٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٨ من طريق سعيد بن عفير به، وقال الدارقطني: هذا الإسناد لا يثبت. وابن ماجه (٥٥٧) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥٨).","vol":"2","page":327},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن عمرٍو دونَ ذِكرِ أَيّوبَ في إِسنادِهِ.\nورواه سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أَيُّوبَ كما:\n\n١٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأحمَسِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرنا الحسينُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنى أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ سلَّامٍ مَولَى خُزاعَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أَيّوبَ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ رَزينٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ عِمارَةَ - كَذا قال أبو عُبَيدٍ بالكَسرِ - قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَيتِ عِمارَةَ القِبلَتَينِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَمسَحُ على الخُفَّينِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: يَومًا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: ويَومَينِ؟ قال: \"ويَومَينِ\". قال: وثَلاثًا يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". حَتَى عَدَّ سَبعًا، ثم قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم ما بَدا لَكَ\" (^١). هَكَذا في رِوايَتِنا.\nوقيل عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ في هذا الإسنادِ: عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ. وقَد قيلَ في هذا الإسنادِ غَيرُ هَذا. أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجستانِىُّ: قَد اختُلِفَ في إِسنادِه ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢). وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قال: هذا إِسنادٌ لا يَثبُتُ، وقَدِ اختُلِفَ فيه على يَحيَى بنِ أَيّوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في معجم الصحابة (١٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٧٩، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٦٣) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٥٨).","vol":"2","page":328},{"text":"اختِلافًا كثيرًا، وعَبدُ الرحمنِ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَزيدَ (^٢) وأَيّوبُ بنُ قَطَنٍ (^٣) مَجهولونَ كُلُّهُم، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ (^٤).\n\n١٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا المِقدامُ بنُ داودَ بنِ تَليدٍ الرُّعَينِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الغَفّارِ بنُ داودَ الحَرّانِىُّ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ ينُ سلمةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى بكرٍ وثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسٍ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضَأَ أَحَدُكُم ولَبِسَ خُفَّيه، فليُصَلِّ فيهِما وليَمسَحْ عَلَيهِما، ثم لا يَخلَعْهُما إِن شاءَ إِلا مِن جَنابَةٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا أَسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن زِيَيدِ (^٦) بنِ الصَّلتِ\n_________\n(^١) هو عبد الرحمن بن رزين الغافقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٩١، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٦٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ١٧٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٧٩: صدوق.\n(^٢) هو محمد بن يزيد بن أبي زياد الثقفى الفلسطينى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٦٠، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٢٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٥٢٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ص ٥١٣: مجهول الحال (طبعة عوامة).\n(^٣) هو أيوب بن قطن الكندي الفلسطينى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٤٨٨، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٩٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٩٠: فيه لين.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٨.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ١٨١. وقال: إسناد صحيح، رواته عن آخرهم ثقات إلا أنه شاذ بمرة. ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: كذا بخط ابن الصلاح بكسر الزاى لا غير وقيده غيره بالضم والجر معا.","vol":"2","page":329},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ يقولُ: إذا تَوَضّأَ أَحَدُكُم ولَبِسَ خُفَّيه فليَمسَحْ عَلَيهِما وليُصَلِّ فيهِما، ولا يَخلَعْهُما إِن شاءَ إِلا مِن جَنابَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ وثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه. قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: وما عَلِمتُ أَحَدًا جاءَ به إِلا أَسَدُ بنُ موسَى (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد تابَعَه في الحديثِ المُسنَدِ عبدُ الغَفّارِ بنُ داودَ الحَرّانِىُّ، ولَيسَ عِندَ أَهلِ البَصرَةِ عن حَمّادٍ، ولَيسَ بمَشهورٍ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nفأَمّا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فالرِّوايَةُ عنه في ذَلِكَ مَشهورَةٌ، وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n١٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُلىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: خَرَجتُ مِنَ الشّامِ إلى المَدينَةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فدَخَلتُ على عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقالَ لِي: مَتَى أَولَجتَ خُفَّيكَ في رِجلَيكَ؟ قُلتُ: يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. قالَ: فهَل نَزَعتَهُما؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: أَصَبتَ السُّنَّةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٠، ١٨١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٦ من طريق بشر بن بكر به. و\"على بن رباح\" ضبطت بخط ابن الصلاح بفتح العين وضمها معا، هنا وفيما يأتى.","vol":"2","page":330},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ البَلَوِىِّ، أنَّه سمِع عُلَيَّ بنَ رَباحٍ اللَّخمِيَّ يُخبِرُ، أن عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيَّ قالَ: قَدِمتُ على عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ بفَتحٍ مِنَ الشّامِ وعَلَىَّ خُفّانِ لِي جَرمَقانِيَانِ (^١) غَليظانِ، فنَظَرَ إِلَيهِما عُمَرُ فقالَ: كم لَكَ مُنذُ لم تَنزِعْهُما؟ قال: قُلتُ: لَبِستُهُما يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واليَومُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ ثَمانٍ. قالَ: أَصَبتَ (^٢).\nورواه مُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، وقالَ فيه: أَصَبتَ السُّنَّةَ:\n\n١٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ البَلَوِىِّ، عن عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عمرَ مِثلَه، وقالَ: أَصَبتَ السُّنَّةَ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِّينا، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ التَّوقيتَ، فإِمَّا أن يَكونَ رَجَعَ إِلَيه حينَ جاءَه الثَّبَتُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في التَّوقيتِ، وإِمّا أن يَكونَ قَولُه الذي يوافِقُ السُّنَّةَ المَشهورَةَ أَولَى.\n_________\n(^١) الجرموق: خف صغير يلبس فوق الخف. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ١٦٢. وينظر ص ٣٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٢، ٤٣٣) عن أبي زكريا به. وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ١٣٦ من طريق بحر ومحمد بن عبد الحكم به. والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ١٣٧، ٤٠/ ٤٨٨ من طريق مفضل به.","vol":"2","page":331},{"text":"وقَد رُوِى عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان لا يوَقِّتُ فيه وقتًا:\n\n١٣٤٧ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان لا يوَقِّتُ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ وقتًا (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ (^٢). وقَد رُوِّينا عن عمرَ (^٣) وعَلِيٍّ (^٤) وعبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٥) وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ (^٦) التَّوقيتَ، وقَولُهُم يوافِقُ السُّنَّةَ التي هِىَ أَشهَرُ وأَكثَرُ. والأصلُ وُجوبُ غَسلِ الرِّجلَينِ، فالمَصيرُ إِلَيه أَولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nقال أبو عليٍّ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ: رَجَعَ أبو عبدِ اللَّه الشافعيُّ إلى التَّوقيتِ في المَسحِ عندَنا ببَغدادَ قبلَ أن يَخرُجَ مِنها (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-348>بابُ رُخصَةِ المَسحِ لِمَن لَبِسَ الخُفَّينِ على الطَّهارَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٦ من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٦ من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٢٤، ١٣٢٥، ١٣٣٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٢٨).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٣٢٦، ١٣٢٧، ١٣٣٤).\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٣٠٣، ١٣٢٩).\n(^٧) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٣٧).","vol":"2","page":332},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا [محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ] (^١)، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَوْنٍ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زكريا، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فقالَ: \"مَعَكَ ماءٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. فنَزَلَ عن راحِلَتِه ثم مَشَى حَتَّى تَوارَى عَنِّى في سَوادِ اللَّيلِ، ثم جاءَ فأَفرَغتُ عليه مِنَ الإداوَةِ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه ووَجهَه وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ مِن صوفٍ، فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يُخرِجَ ذِراعَيه مِنها حَتَّى أَخرَجَهُما مِن أَسفَلِ الجُبَّةِ، فغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه ومَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم أَهوَيتُ لأنزِعَ خُفَّيه، فقالَ: \"دَعْهُما فإِنِّى أَدخَلتُهُما طاهِرتَينِ\". فمَسَحَ عَلَيهِما (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أَبيه عن زَكَريّا (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى السَّفَرِ عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٣٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى ينُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إبراهيم بن عبد الله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٩٣) عن الحاكم بالإسناد الثاني به. وأخرجه الدارمي (٧٤٠) عن أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (١٨١٩٦) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٦، ٥٧٩٩)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٧٢ (٨٦٨)، وفي الأوسط (٣٥٢٥) من طريق عبد الله بن أبي السفر به.","vol":"2","page":333},{"text":"أَعيَنَ، عن إِسماعيلَ هو ابنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أَبيه. فذكَر مَعناه، إلى أن قال: فقُلتُ: أَلا أَنزِعُ خُفَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"إِنِّى قَد أَدخَلتُهُما طاهِرَتَينِ، لم أَحْتَفِ بَعدُ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٥٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أَبيه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فقالَ: \"تَخَلَّفْ يما مُغيرُ (^٢) وامضوا أَيُّها النّاسُ\". فَتَخَلَّفتُ ومَعِى ماءٌ، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حاجَتَه، ثم رَجَعَ فصَبَبتُ عليه ماءً، فغَسَلَ وجهَه، ثم ذَهَبَ يَغسِلُ يَدَيه وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ روميَّةٌ فضاقَ كُمُّها، فأَدخَلَ يَدَه مِن أَسفَلَ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه، ومَسَحَ برأسِه ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥١ - قال سُفيانُ: وزادَ فيه حُصَينٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أَبيه، قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، صَلَّى الله عَلَيكَ، أَتَمسَحُ على خُفَّيكَ؟ قال: \"إِنِّى أَدخَلتُهُما وهُما طاهِرَتانِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أجنب\". وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٧٢، ٣٧٣ (٨٦٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مغيرة\" بإثبات التاء.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميدي (٧٥٧)، والنسائي (١٢٥) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الحميدي (٧٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠، ١٩١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"2","page":334},{"text":"١٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيَّ، حدثنا المُهاجِرُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بَكرَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه رَخَّصَ لِلمُسافِرِ في ثَلاثَةِ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ، ولِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ، إذا تَطَهَّرَ ولَبِسَ خُفَّيه أن يَمسَحَ عَلَيهِما.\n\n١٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ بَشّارٍ وبِشرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَقَدِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَبانٍ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّاب بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا المُهاجِرُ وهو ابنُ مَخلَدٍ أبو مَخلَدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بَكرَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه رَخَّصَ لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامِ ولَياليَهُنَّ ولِلمُقيمِ يَومًا ولَيلَةً إذا تَطَهَّرَ فلَبِسَ خُفَّيه أن يَمسَحَ عَلَيهِما (^١).\nوهَكَذا رواه مُسَدَّدٌ وعَمرُو بنُ عليٍّ وأبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى والعَبّاسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الشافعيُّ عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، إِلا أن\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (١٩٢)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٤، والمصنف في المعرفة (٤٢٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٥٦) عن محمد بن بشار به. حسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٣٢٤)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٤ من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٤ من طرق عن مسدد والعباس به.","vol":"2","page":335},{"text":"الرَّبيعَ شَكَّ في قَولِه: إذا تَطَهَّرَ فلَبِسَ خُفَّيهِ. فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ الشافعىِّ، وهو في الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n١٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: حدثنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ أبى الرَّبيعِ واللَّفظُ له، قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: جِئتُ صَفوانَ بنَ عَسّالٍ المُرادِيَّ فقالَ: ما جاءَ بكَ؟ فقُلتُ: جِئتُ أَطلُبُ العِلمَ. قال. فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن خارِجٍ يَخرُجُ مِن بَيتِه في طَلَبِ العِلمِ إِلا وضَعَت له المَلائكَةُ أَجنِحَتَها رِضًا بما يَصنَعُ\". قال: جِئتُ أَسأَلُكَ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ. قال: نَعَم كُنتُ في الجَيشِ الذي بَعَثَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَنا أن نَمسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ إذا نَحنُ أَدخَلناهُما على طُهرٍ؛ ثَلاثًا إذا سافَرنا، ولَيلَةً إذا أَقَمنا، ولا نَخلَعَهُما مِن بَولٍ ولا غائطٍ ولا نَومٍ، ولا نَخلَعَهُما إِلا مِن جَنابَةٍ. قال: وسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ بالمَغرِبِ بابًا مَفتوحًا لِلتَّوبَةِ مَسيرَتُه سَبعونَ سنةً لا يُغلَقُ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ مِن نَحوِه\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ٣٤. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٢٥)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ٧٠، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٢٣٧) من طريق الربيع به. وهو في مسند الشافعي (١٢٣ - شفاء) بغير شك.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٦، وعد الرزاق (٧٩٣)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ٢٢٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٠٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٣). وفى تفسير عبد الرزاق مقتصرًا على ذكر التوبة، وعند ابن ماجه مقتصرًا على ذكر العلم.","vol":"2","page":336},{"text":"١٣٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الشَّاماتِىُّ - يَعنِى جَعفَرَ بنَ أحمدَ - حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى وحَوثَرَةُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن أبي رَوقٍ، حدثنا أبو الغَريفِ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عَسّالٍ المُرادِىِّ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَريَّةٍ وقالَ: \"ليَمسَحْ أَحَدُكُم إذا كان مُسافِرًا على خُفَّيه إذا أَدخَلَهُما طاهِرَتَينِ ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ، وليَمسَحِ المُقيمُ يَومًا ولَيلَةً\" (^١).\n\n١٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: أَتَيتُ عائشةَ أسأَلُها عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ فقالَت: ائتِ عَليًّا، فإِنَّه قَد كان يُسافِرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ: إنّا نَكونُ في أَرضٍ بارِدَةٍ وثُلوجٍ كَثيرَةٍ، فما تَرَى في الخُفَّينِ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لِلمُسافِرِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيّامٍ ولَياليهِنَّ، ولِلمُقيمِ يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ، يَمسَحُ على خُفَّيه إذا أَدخَلَهُما وقَدماه طاهِرَتانِ\". تَفَرَّدَ بهَذِه الزّيادَةِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى.\n\n١٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٤٦٧) عن يوسف بن موسى به. وتقدم في (١٣٢١).","vol":"2","page":337},{"text":"حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: سألتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ: أَيَتَوَضّأُ أَحَدُنا ورِجلاه في الخُفَّينِ؟ قالَ: نَعَم إذا أَدخَلَهُما وهُما طاهِرَتانِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-349>بابُ الخُفِّ الذي مَسَحَ عليه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا دَلهَمُ بنُ صالِحٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا دَلهَمُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن حُجَيْنِ (^٢) بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أَبيه قالَ: أَهدَى النَّجاشِىُّ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - خُفَّينِ ساذجَينِ أَسوَدَينِ (^٣)، فلَبِسَهُما ومَسَحَ عَلَيهِما. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٤)، وفِى حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، أن النَّجاشِيَّ أَهدَى إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خُفَّينِ أَسوَدَينِ ساذَجَينِ، فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ عَلَيهِما (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٣٧٩ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به.\n(^٢) في م: \"حجير\".\n(^٣) الساذج بكسر الذال وفتحها، قال الولى العراقى: كأن المراد: لم يخالط سوادهما لون آخر، وهذه الكلمة تستعمل في العرف بهذا المعنى ولم أجدها في كتب اللغة بهذا المعنى ولا رأيت المصنفين في غريب الحديث ذكروها. التاج ٦/ ٣٤ (س ذ ج).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٠٧ عن أبي نعيم، وليس فيه: فلبسهما ومسح عليهما.\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (٤٨٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٨١)، وأبو داود (١٥٥)، والترمذي (٢٨٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٥٤٩، ٣٦٢٠) من طريق دلهم به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٨٢: دلهم فيه لين، وحجين لا يعرف.","vol":"2","page":338},{"text":"١٣٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن الشَّيبانيِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيهِ. قالَ: فقالَ رجلٌ عِندَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ: يا مُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ، ومِن أَينَ كان لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خُفَّانِ؟ قالَ: فقالَ المُغيرَةُ: أَهداهُما إِلَيه النَّجاشِىُّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والشَّعبِىُّ إنَما رَوَى حَديثَ المَسحِ عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن أَبيهِ (^٢). وهَذا شاهِدٌ لِحَديثِ دَلهَمِ بنِ صالِحٍ، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبد الرزاقِ قال: سألتُ مَعمَرًا عن الخَرْقِ يَكونُ في الخُفِّ فقالَ: إذا خَرَجَ مِن مَواضِعِ الوُضوءِ شَئٌ فلا تَمسَحْ عليه واخلَعْ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ الثَّورِىَّ يقولُ: امسَحْ عَلَيهِما ما تَعَلَّقا بالقَدَمِ وإِن تَخَرَّقا (^٣).\nقالَ: وكَذَلِكَ كانَت خِفافُ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ مُخَرَّقَةً مُشَقَّقَةً.\nقَولُ مَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ في ذَلِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَينا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (٤٨٣٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٤٨ - ١٣٥١). وينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٤٠١ (٨)، وعلل الدارقطني ٧/ ٩٩.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين رواية الدورى (٤٢٣٠، ٤٢٣١).\n(^٤) بعده في د: \"لما\".","vol":"2","page":339},{"text":"١٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أَبيه، عن النبي - ﷺ - في المُحرِمِ: \"لا يَلبَسُ خُفَّينِ إِلا لِمَن لايَجِدُ النَّعلَينِ، فليقطَعْهُما حَتَّى يَكونا أَسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ: فيه دَلالَةٌ على أن الخُفَّ إذا لم يُغَطِّ جميعَ القَدَمِ فلَيسَ بخُفٍّ يَجوزُ المَسحُ عَلَيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-350>بابُ ما ورَدَ في المَسحِ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على جَورَبَيه ونَعلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ عَبدوسِ بنِ مَحفوظٍ الفقيهُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٢٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧، وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٣٨)، وعنه أبو داود (١٨٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٠٦)، ومسلم (١١٧٧/ ٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٨) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (١٨٢٠٦)، وأبو داود (١٥٩)، والترمذي (٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٥٥٩). وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح سنن أبي داود (١٤٣).","vol":"2","page":340},{"text":"الجَنزَروذِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أَنَسٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ.\nقال أبو محمدٍ: رأَيتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ ضَعَّفَ هذا الخَبَرَ، وقالَ: أبو قَيسٍ الأودِىُّ وهُزَيلُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ لا يَحتَمِلانِ هذا مَعَ مُخالَفَتِهِما الأجِلَّةَ الَّذينَ رَوَوا هذا الخَبَرَ عن المُغيرَةِ فقالوا: مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ. وقالَ: لا نَترُكُ ظاهِرَ القُرآنِ بمِثلِ أبى قَيسٍ وهُزَيلٍ. فذَكَرتُ هَذِه الحِكايَةَ عن مُسلِمٍ لأبِى العباسِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الدَّغولِىِّ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علِيَّ بنَ مَخلَدِ بنِ شَيبانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا قُدامَةَ السَّرَخسِىَّ يقولُ: قال عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ: لَو حَدَّثْتَنِى بحَديثِ أبى قَيسٍ عن هُزَيلٍ ما قَبِلتُه مِنكَ. فقالَ سُفيانُ: الحديثُ ضَعيفٌ. أَو: واهٍ. أَو كَلِمَةً نَحوَها.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثتُ أبى بهَذا الحديثِ، فقالَ أبى: لَيسَ يُروَى هذا إِلا مِن حَديثِ أبى قَيسٍ. قال أبى: أَبَى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ أن يُحَدِّثَ به، يقولُ: هو مُنكَرٌ (^٢).\nأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: حَديثُ المُغيرَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الجنزوردى\"، وفى د: \"الجنزورذى\". وفي معجم البلدان ٢/ ١٣١، ١٣٢ جنزروذ: قرية من قرى نيسابور.\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٣/ ٣٦٦، ٣٦٧ (٥٦١٢).","vol":"2","page":341},{"text":"ابنِ شُعبَةَ في المَسحِ رواه عن المُغيرَةِ أَهلُ المَدينَةِ وأَهلُ الكوفَةِ وأَهلُ البَصرَةِ، ورواه هُزَيلُ بنُ شُرَحبيلٍ عن المُغيرَةِ، إِلا أنَّه قال: ومَسَحَ على الجَورَبَينِ. وخالَفَ النّاسَ.\nأَخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسَّانَ قال: سألتُ أبا زكريا يَعنِى يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ، عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: النّاسُ كُلُّهُم يَروونَه: على الخُفَّينِ، غَيرَ أبى قَيسٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: كان عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ لا يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ؛ لأنَّ المَعروفَ عن المُغيرَةِ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على الخُفَّينِ. قال أبو داودَ: ورُوِى هذا أَيضًا عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ولَيسَ بالمُتَّصِلِ ولا بالقَوِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الشّاماتِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن أبي سِنانٍ عيسَى بنِ سِنانٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي موسَى قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ (^٢).\nالضَّحّاكُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ لم يَثبُتْ سَماعُه مِن أبى موسَى، وعيسَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٦٠) من طريق المعلى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٥٤).","vol":"2","page":342},{"text":"سِنانٍ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١). وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: عيسَى بنُ سِنانٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي الورقاءِ (^٣)، سمِع رجلًا مِن قَومِه يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ كَعبٍ يقولُ: رأَيتُ عَليًّا بالَ ثم مَسَحَ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٧ - ورواه إِسرائيلُ عن الزِّبرِقانِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رأَيتُ عليًا بالَ وتَوَضّأَ، ثم مَسَحَ على نَعلَيه وجَورَبَيهِ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمان بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا إِسرائيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nكَذَلِكَ رواه الثَّورِىُّ عن الزِّبرِقانِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) هو عيسى بن سنان أبو سنان القسملى الفلسطينى الحنفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٩٦، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٧٧، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٦٠٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣١٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٩٨: لين الحديث.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٣٦ (١٦٢١).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الزرقاء\" وكذا في المهذب ١/ ٢٨٣. وكلتاهما كنية الزبرقان بن عبد اللَّه. وينظر حاشية التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٤) ذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٤ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ٢٣٢ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٩٦)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٤ من =","vol":"2","page":343},{"text":"١٣٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ خالِدَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: رأَيتُ أبا مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيَّ يَمسَحُ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أَبيه قال: رأَيتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ بالَ ثم تَوَضّأَ فمَسَحَ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ ثم صَلَّى (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعِيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمِشُ بنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثنى إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن الأعمَشِ أَظُنُّه، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنه قال: رأَيتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أَتَى الخَلاءَ فتَوَضّأَ، ومَسَحَ على قُلَنْسِيَةٍ بَيضاءَ مَزرورَةٍ وعَلَى جَورَبَينِ أَسوَدَينِ مَرْعِزَّى (^٣). ورَفَعَه بَعضُ الضُّعَفاءِ\n_________\n= طريق الثوري به.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٤) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٩٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) في م: \"مرعزين\". وفي حاشية الأصل: هكذا قيده ابن الصلاح بخطه، وفى القاموس للمجد الشيرازي: والمرعز والمرعزى ويمد إذا خفف وقد تفتح الميم في الكل: الزغب الذي تحت شعر العنز. انتهى لفظه. وينظر القاموس المحيط ٢/ ١٨٣ (ر ع ز).\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٥) عن الثوري به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٩٣) من طريق الثوري عن واصل عن سعيد مقتصرًا على ذكر الشاهد.","vol":"2","page":344},{"text":"ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nوروِى في المَسحِ على الجَورَبَينِ عن أبي أُمامَةَ وسَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ وعَمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ (^١). قال أبو داودَ (^٢): وروِى ذَلِكَ عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ وابنِ عَبّاسٍ. وكانَ الأُستاذُ أبو الوَليدِ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى يُؤوِّلُ حَديثَ المَسحِ على الجَورَبَينِ والنَّعلَينِ على أنَّه مَسَحَ على جَورَبَينِ مُنَعَّلَينِ لا أنَّه جَورَبٌ على الانفرادِ ونَعلٌ على الانفِرادِ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عنه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ.\nوقَد وجَدتُ لأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أَثَرًا يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٣٧١ - أخبرَناه أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن راشِدِ بنِ نَجيحٍ قال: رأَيتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ دَخَلَ الخَلاءَ وعَلَيه جَورَبانِ أَسفَلَهُما جُلودٌ وأَعلاهُما خَزٌّ، فمَسَحَ عَلَيهِما (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-351>بابُ ما ورَدَ في المَسحِ على النَّعلَينِ</span>\n\n١٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا رَوّادٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٩٠، ٢٠٠١)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٤٧٩، ٤٨٥، ٤٨٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٥٩).\n(^٣) ينظر العلل لابن أبي حاتم ٢/ ٣٥ (١٩٥).","vol":"2","page":345},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً ومَسَحَ على نَعلَيهِ (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه رَوّادُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ (^٢)، وهو يَنفَرِدُ عن الثَّورِىِّ بمَناكيرَ هذا أَحَدُها، والثِّقاتُ رَوَوه عن الثَّورِيِّ دونَ هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ.\nورُوِى عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ عن الثَّورِىِّ هَكَذا ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ:\n\n١٣٧٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ الوَكيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه: أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ على النَّعلَينِ. والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ. ورواه عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىُّ (^٣) وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٤)، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، فحَكَيا في الحديثِ رَشًّا على الرِّجلِ وفيها النَّعلُ. وذَلِكَ يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ غَسَلَها في النَّعلِ، فقَد رواه سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ (^٥) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَجلانَ (^٦) ووَرقاءُ بنُ عمرَ (^٧) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٨) عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ،\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٣٨.\n(^٢) هو رواد بن الجراح أبو عصام الشامي العسقلاني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٦، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٢٢٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٢٨٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٥٣: صدوق اختلط بآخره فترك، وفي حديثه عن الثوري ضعف شديد.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٣، ٣٤٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٦٨، ٣٤٤).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٤٥، ٣٤٦).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٥٥).\n(^٧) تقدم في (٣١٩، ٣٤٨).\n(^٨) تقدم في (٣٤٩).","vol":"2","page":346},{"text":"فحَكَوا في الحديثِ غَسلَه رِجلَيه، والحَديثُ حَديثٌ واحِدٌ، والعَدَدُ الكَثيرُ أَولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ العَدَدِ اليَسيرِ، مَعَ فضلِ حِفظِ مَن حَفِظَ فيه الغَسلَ بعدَ الرَّشِّ على مَن لم يَحفَظْه.\n\n١٣٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَبّادُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أَبيه، قال: عَبّادٌ قال: أخبرَنِى أَوسُ بنُ أبى أَوسٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على نَعلَيه وقَدَمَيهِ (^١). وقالَ مُسَدَّدٌ: أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٣٧٥ - ورواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أَوسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على نَعلَيهِ. وهو مُنقَطِعٌ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذكَره (^٢). وهَذا الإسنادُ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ، وهو يَحتَمِلُ ما احتَمَلَ الحديثُ الأوَّلُ.\nوالَّذِى يَدُلُّ على أن المُرادَ به غَسلُ الرِّجلَينِ في النَّعلَينِ ما:\n\n١٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٥).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٢٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٦٥) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"2","page":347},{"text":"يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، رأَيتُكَ تَصنَعُ أَربَعًا لم أَرَ أَحَدًا مِن أَصحابِكَ يَصنَعُها؟ قالَ: ما هُنَ؟ فذَكَرَهُنَّ وقالَ فيهن: رأَيتُكَ تَلبَسُ النِّعالَ السِّبتيَّةَ (^١). قالَ: أَمَّا النِّعالُ السِّبتيَّةُ فإِنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلبَسُ النِّعالَ التي لَيسَ فيها شَعَرٌ ويَتَوَضّأُ فيها، فأَنا أُحِبُّ أن أَلبَسَها (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ (^٤).\nورواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ عن المَقبُرِيِّ فزادَ فيه: ويَمسَحُ عَلَيها.\n\n١٣٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قيلَ لابنِ عمرَ: رأيناكَ تَفعَلُ شَيئًا لم نَرَ أَحَدًا يَفعَلُه غَيرُكَ. قالَ: وما هوَ؟ قالَ: رأيناكَ تَلبَسُ هَذِه النِّعالَ السَّبتيَّةَ. قال: إِنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلبَسُها ويَتَوَضّأُ فيها ويَمسَحُ عَلَيها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) النعال السبتية، بكسر السين، وهى نعال أهل النعمة والسعة: تكون من جلود البقر المدبوغة. وسمت بذلك لأن شعرها قد سُبت عنها أي حُلق وأزيل، وقيل: لأنها انسبتت بالدباغ، أي لانت. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٥٠، والنهاية ٢/ ٣٣٠، ٣٣١.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٣٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٨)، والبخاري (٥٨٥١)، وأبو داود (١٧٧٢)، والنسائي (١١٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٦)، ومسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٧٢)، والنسائي (١١٧) من طرق عن سعيد به.\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (١٩٩).","vol":"2","page":348},{"text":"وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ إِن كانَت مَحفوظَةً فلا تُنافِى غَسلَهُما، فقَد يَغسِلُهُما في النَّعلِ ويَمسَحُ عَلَيهِما، كما مَسَحَ بناصيَتِه وعَلَى عِمامَتِه (^١)، والله أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: بالَ عَلِيٌّ وهو قائمٌ، ثم تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على النَّعلَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ قال: بالَ عَلِيٌّ وهو قائمٌ، ثم تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على النَّعلَينِ، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ قال: رأَيتُ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ بالرَّحْبَةِ بالَ قائمًا حَتَّى أَرغَى (^٤)، فأُتِىَ بكوزٍ مِن ماءٍ فغَسَلَ يَدَيه واستَنشَقَ وتَمَضمَضَ وغَسَلَ وجهَه وذِراعَيه، ومَسَحَ برأسِه، ثم أَخَذَ كَفًّا مِن ماءٍ فوَضَعَه على رأسِه حَتَّى رأَيتُ الماءَ يَنحَدِرُ على لحيَتِه، ثم مَسَحَ على نَعلَيه، ثم أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فخَلَعَ نَعلَيه، ثم تَقَدَّمَ فأَمَّ النّاسَ. قال ابنُ نُمَيرٍ: قال الأعمَشُ: فحَدَّثتُ إبراهيمَ قال: إذا رأَيتَ أبا ظَبيانَ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٨٥: ما هذا التفسير طائلًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٩٧ من طريق سلمة بن كهيل به. والشافعي من طريق ظبيان بنحوه.\n(^٤) أرغى البائل: صارت لبوله رغوة. التاج ٣٨/ ١٧٠ (ر غ و).","vol":"2","page":349},{"text":"فأَخبِرنِى. فرأَيتُ أبا ظَبيانَ قائمًا في الكُناسَةِ (^١)، فقُلتُ: هذا أبو ظَبيانَ. فأَتاه فسألَه عن الحَديثِ (^٢). والمَشهورُ عن عليٍّ أنَّه غَسَلَ رِجلَيه حينَ وصَفَ وُضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وهو لا يُخالِفُ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فأَمَّا مَسحُه على النَّعلَينِ فهوَ مَحمولٌ على غَسلِ الرِّجلَينِ في النَّعلَينِ والمسحِ على النَّعلَينِ؛ لأنَّ المَسحَ رُخصَةٌ لِمَن تَغَطَّت رِجلاه بالخُفَّينِ فلا يُعَدَّى بها مَوضِعُها، والأصلُ وُجوبُ غَسلِ الرِّجلَينِ إِلا ما خَصَّته سُنَّةٌ ثابِتَةٌ أَو إِجماعٌ لا يُختَلَفُ فيه، ولَيسَ على المَسحِ على النَّعلَينِ ولا على الجَورَبَينِ واحِدٌ مِنهُما، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-352>بابُ المسحِ على المُوقَين</span>\nوالموقُ هو الخُفُّ، إلا أن مَن أجَازَ المسحَ على الجُرمُوقَينِ احتجَّ بهِ.\n\n١٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، اخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) قال: وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَر العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا [عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ] (^٣) بنُ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ، سمِع أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى بنى تَيمِ بنِ مُرَّةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّه شَهِدَ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ عَوفٍ يَسأَلُ بلالًا عن\n_________\n(^١) الكناسة: مكان معروف بالكوفة كان بنو أسد وبنو تميم يطرحون فيها كناستهم. معجم ما استعجم ٤/ ١١٣٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٨٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٠٩)، وأحمد في العلل (٤٧٣٩) من طريق الأعمش، وصحح إسناده الألباني في تمام المنة ص ١١٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد الله\".","vol":"2","page":350},{"text":"وُضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: كان يَخرُجُ يَقضِى حاجَتَه فآتيهِ بالماءِ فيَتَوَضّأُ، ويَمسَحُ على عِمامَتِه ومُوقَيهِ (^١). وقالَ غَيرُه: تَميمُ بنُ مُرَّةَ.\n\n١٣٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا [أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ] (^٢) بنِ نُصَيرٍ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ الحَنّاطُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَمسَحُ على الموقَينِ والخِمارِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-353>بابُ خَلعِ الخُفَّينِ وغَسلِ الرِّجلَينِ في الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ أبى النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: أتَيتُ صَفوانَ بنَ عَسّالٍ قُلتُ له: إنَّه قَد حَكَّ في صَدرِى مِنَ المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، هَل سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيه شَيئًا؟ قال: نَعَم، أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كنّا سَفْرًا أو مُسافِرينَ ألَّا نَخلَعَ خِفافَنا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ ولَياليَهُنَّ مِن غائطٍ ولا بَولٍ ولا نَومٍ، إلا مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٤٠)، وأحمد (٢٣٩٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٥٣) من طريق شعبة به. وعند أحمد: الخفين. بدل من: الموقين. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أبو جعفر بن محمد بن محمد\". وينظر طبقات الصوفية ص ٤٣٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٤٩٢) من طريق الحسن بن الربيع به. وقال الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ١٠١، ١٠٢: وهم.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٢٧) من طريق زهير بن معاوية أبى خيثمة به. وتقدم في (١٣٢١، ١٣٥٤).","vol":"2","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-354>بابُ مَن خَلَعَ خُفَّيه بعدَ ما مَسَحَ عَلَيهِما</span>\n\n١٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الشّاماتِىُّ يَعنِى جَعفَرَ بنَ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا الأشَجُّ يَعنِى أبا سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وهو الدّالانِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الرَّجُلِ يَمسَحُ على خُفَّيه ثم يَبدُو له فيَنزِعُهُما، قال: يَغسِلُ قَدَمَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٨٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ (^٢) إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ. فذكَره بمَعناه. قال البخاريُّ: ولا نَعرِفُ أن يَحيَى سمِع مِن سعيدٍ أم لا، ولا سعيدٌ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ (^٤) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ حدَّثنى عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٦٩) عن عبد السلام بن حرب به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥١٢.\n(^٤) محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن الفرج بن أبي طاهر أبو عبد الله البغدادي الدقاق المعروف بابن البياض، قال الخطيب: كان شيخًا فاضلًا صالحًا ثقة. توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٣٥٣، وتاريخ الإسلام حوادث ووفيات (سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٨٦.","vol":"2","page":352},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي بَكرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ المَسحِ قال: وكانَ أبى يَنزِعُ خُفَّيه ويَغسِلُ رِجلَيهِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ خَلدونٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ في الرَّجُلِ يَتَوَضّأُ ويَمسَحُ على خُفَّيه ثم يَخلَعُهُما قالا: يَغسِلُ رِجلَيهِ (^٣).\nورواه أبو حنيفةَ عن حَمَّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ نَفسِه (^٤). ورُوِى عن الحَكَمِ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ: يُصَلِّى ولا يَغسِلُ قَدَمَيه (^٥). وهو قَولُ الحَسَنِ (^٦).\nورُوِى عن إبراهيمَ شَيءٌ ثالِثٌ:\n\n١٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ المُستَملِى، حدثنا حَيوَةُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣١٩).\n(^٢) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٥. وعنده في الإسناد: عبد الله بن عمرو. بدل: عبيد الله بن عمرو.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الآثار (٧٤)، ومحمد بن الحسن في الآثار (١٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٨١٢) عن أبى حنيفة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٩) عن إبراهيم.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٠٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٨١).","vol":"2","page":353},{"text":"ابنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن مَروانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا مَسَحَ على خُفَّيه ثم خَلَعَهُما خَلَعَ وُضوءَه (^١).\n\n١٣٨٩ - أخبرنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبَرنِى أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: سأَلتُ الزُّهرِىِّ عن رجلٍ تَوَضّأَ فأَدخَلَ رِجلَيه الخُفَّينِ طاهِرَتَينِ، ثم أحدَثَ فمَسَحَ عَلَيهِما، ثم نَزَعَهُما، أيَغسِلُهُما أم يَستأْنِفُ وُضوءَهُ؟ قال: بَل يَستأْنِفُ وُضوءَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُروَى عن مَكحولٍ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣). ورُوّينا عن الشَّافِعِيِّ في كِتابِ أبى حَنيفَةَ وابنِ أبي لَيلَى على تَفريقِ الوُضوءِ، وقَد مَضَتِ الآثارُ فيه في بابِه (^٤). ورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ في رجلٍ دَخَلَ خُفَّه حَصاةٌ قال: يَتَوَضّأُ (^٥). وإِنَّما أرادَ واللهُ أعلمُ: يَنزِعُ خُفَّه لإِخراجِ الحَصاةِ ويَتَوَضّأُ.\n\n١٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ [أبى بكرٍ] (^٦)، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ رُدَيحٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبي مَيمونَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٣٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧١) من طريق سعيد به، وعنده: غسل قدميه. بدل: خلع وضوءه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٣) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في ١/ ٢٥٢ - ٢٥٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه يحيى بن معين في جزئه (٧٨)، وأحمد في العلل (١١٨٢).\n(^٦) في د: \"بكر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٣٥.","vol":"2","page":354},{"text":"قال: غَزَوْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَنا بالمَسْحِ على الخُفَّينِ ثَلاثَةَ أيَّامٍ ولَياليَها لِلمُسافِرِ، ويَومًا ولَيلَةً لِلمُقيمِ ما لم يَخلَعْ [أو يُخْلَعْ] (^١). تَفَرَدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ رُدَيحٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-355>باب: كيفَ المَسحُ على الخُفَّينِ</span>\n\n١٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن كاتِبِ المُغيرَةِ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يَمسَحُ أعلَى الخُفِّ وأَسفَلَه (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا رَجاءُ بنُ حَيوَةَ، عن كاتِبِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: وضّأْتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، فمَسَحَ على أعلَى الخُفِّ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\nوالحديث أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٤١٨ (١٠٠٥) من طريق عمر بن رديح به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٠٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٦٨٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٩٦، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٩٧)، والترمذي (٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٥٥٠) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به، وقال الترمذي: حديث معلول، لم يسنده عن ثور بن يزيد غير الوليد بن مسلم. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١٢٠).","vol":"2","page":355},{"text":"وأَسفَلِهِ (^١). كَذا قال في هذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا رَجاءُ بنُ حَيوَةَ.\n\n١٣٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ إسحاقَ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ. فذكَره بمَعناه، وقالَ: عن رَجاءٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَروانَ الرَّقِّىُّ ومَحمودُ (^٣) بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^٤)، قال: عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ. قال أبو داودَ: يُروَى أن ثَورًا لم يَسمَعْ هذا الحديثَ مِن رَجاءٍ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: رواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن ثَورٍ وقالَ: حُدِّثتُ عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن كاتِبِ المُغيرَةِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا، لَيسَ فيه المُغيرَةُ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وهذا ذكَره أبو عيسَى عن البُخارِىِّ وأَبِى زُرعَةَ الرّازِىِّ (^٦).\n\n١٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ عَبدانَ، حدثنا عَمَّارُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ حُبابٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥). وينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ١٦٠.\n(^٣) في د: \"عمرو\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٩٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٥).\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الأوسط ١/ ٣٢٨ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٦) الترمذي ١/ ١٦٣ عقب (٩٧)، وفى العلل عقب (٧٠).","vol":"2","page":356},{"text":"سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَمسَحُ على ظَهرِ الخُفِّ وباطِنِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عَمّارٌ، حدثنا زَيدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: يَضَعُ الذي يَمسَحُ على الخُفَّينِ يَدًا مِن فوقِ الخُفِّ ويَدًا مِن تَحتِ الخُفِّ ثم يَمسَحُ (^٣). قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أحَبُّ ما سَمِعتُ إلَىَّ في مَسحِ الخُفَّينِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-356>بابُ الاقتِصارِ بالمَسحِ على ظاهِرِ الخُفَّينِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ ظاهِرَ خُفَّيهِ (^٤).\nكَذا رواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي الزِّنادِ، وكَذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٣)، وفي الخلافيات (٩٩٧)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٣٩٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي - كما في المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٤٢) - من طريق العمرى به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٨.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٧٢٧) وإسناده ضعيف.","vol":"2","page":357},{"text":"رواه إسماعيلُ بنُ موسَى عن ابنِ أبي الزِّناد، ورواه سليمانُ بنُ داودَ الهاشِمِىُّ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ (^٢) وعَلِىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ (^٣)، عن ابنِ أبي الزِّنادِ عن أبيه عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن المُغيرَةِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسَامَةَ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحسنِ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - بالَ ثم جاءَ حَتَّى تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على خُفِّه الأيمَنِ، ويَدَه اليُسرَى على خُفِّه الأيسَرِ، ثم مَسَحَ أعلاهُما مَسحَةً واحِدَةً حَتَّى كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى أصابعِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على الخُفَّينِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنِ غِياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: لَو كان الدّينُ بالرّأىِ لَكانَ أسفَلُ الخُفِّ أولَى بالمَسحِ مِن أعلاه، وقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على ظاهِرِ خُفَّيهِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد عقب (١٨١٥٦) عن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٨٦، وأبو داود (١٦١)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٧٧ (٨٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٨) عن على بن حجر به، وقال: حديث حسن.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٦٨) عن الحنفى عن الخزاز عن الحسن به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٨٩: فيه انقطاع ما.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٧).","vol":"2","page":358},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ السَّقَطِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: قال عَلِيٌّ: لَو كان دينُ اللَّهِ بالرّأىِ لَكانَ باطِنُ الخُفِّ أحَقَّ بالمَسحِ مِن أعلاه، ولَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ هَكَذا بأَصابِعِهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الأعمَشِ هذا الحديثَ قال: ما كُنتُ أُرَى باطِنَ القَدَمَينِ إلا أحَقَّ بالغَسْلِ (^٢) حَتَى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على ظَهرِ خُفَّيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعِيرِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا مَحمِشُ بنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ الخَيوانِيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: كُنتُ أُرَى أن باطِنَ القَدَمَينِ أحَقُّ بالمَسحِ مِن ظاهِرِهِما حَتَّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على ظَهرِ قَدَمَيه على خُفَّيهِ (^٥).\nوفِي كُلِّ هَذِه الرِّواياتِ المُقَيَّداتِ بالخُفَّينِ دِلالَةٌ على اختِصارٍ وقَعَ فيما:\n\n١٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ بنُ شَوذَبٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٩٩ من طريق إبراهم بن زياد به.\n(^٢) ليس في س، وفى د، م: \"بالمسح\". والمثبت موافق لما عند أبي داود.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٦٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"الشعرى\". وتقدم في (١٣٧٠).\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٤٤) عن ابن طهمان به.","vol":"2","page":359},{"text":"المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ قال: رأَيتُ عَليًّا تَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ ثم قال: لَولا أنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ على ظَهرِ القَدَمَينِ لَرأَيتُ أن أسفَلَهُما أو باطِنَهُما أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو السَّوداءِ عن ابنِ عبدِ خَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢). وعَبدُ خَيرٍ لم يَحتَجَّ به صاحِبا \"الصحيح\". فهَذا وما روِى في مَعناه إنَّما أُريدَ به قَدَما الخُفِّ؛ بدَليلِ ما مَضى وبِدَليلِ ما رُوِّينا عن خالِدِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ في صفَةِ (^٣) وُضوءِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فذكَر أنَّه غَسَلَ رِجلَيه ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدَّثنى خالِدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثنى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ سأَلَه سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ عن المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُ (^٥) بالمَسحِ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٤)، والدارمى (٧٤٢)، والبزار (٧٩٤) عن أبي نعيم به. وصححه الشيخ أحمد شاكر في تحقيقه للمسند (١٢٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٦٤، وعبد الرزاق (٥٧)، والحميدى (٤٧)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٩١٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٢٠) من طريق أبى السوداء به. وعندهم الغسل بدل المسح، وعند الشافعي الغسل والمسح وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩٠: عبد خير لم يخرج له البخاري ومسلم، وابنه لا يدرى من هو، وشعيب الصريفيني متكلم فيه.\n(^٣) في م: \"وصفه\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٩٩).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"يأمرنا\".","vol":"2","page":360},{"text":"ظَهرِ الخُفَّينِ إذا لَبِسَهُما وهُما طاهِرَتانِ (^١). خالِدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٤٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى حُمَيدُ بنُ مخراقٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّه رأَى أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ بقُباءٍ مَسَحَ ظاهِرَ خُفَّيه بكَفِّه (^٣) مَسحَةً واحِدَةً (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عَونٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عِرارٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، أنَّه بالَ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه ظُهورَ القَدَمَينِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٨ - ورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن [يريمَ أبى العَلاءِ] (^٦) قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٨٣)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٩٥ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٢) هو خالد بن أبي بكر العدوى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٣٢٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٣، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦٢٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢١١: فيه لين.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بكفيه\".\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٥٨. وأخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٧ - وعنه الشافعي ٧/ ٢٢٦ - وعبد الرزاق (٧٣٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٤) عن أنس.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩١: في إسناده الكديمى - يعني محمد بن يونس - وهو هالك.\n(^٦) في م: \"العلاء\". وفي حاشية الأصل: يريم هذا والد هبيرة بن يريم حكاه البخاري.","vol":"2","page":361},{"text":"رأَيتُ قَيسَ بنَ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بالَ، ثم أتَى دِجلَةَ وتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على ظَهرِ خُفَّيه هَكَذا، ورأَيتُ أثَرَ أصابِعِه على خُفَّيهِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ القَبّانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّد بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه شُعبَةُ وغَيرُه عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٢)، ورُوِى مَعنَى هذا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في \"أحاديث شعبة\"، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن بَالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عَوْنٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عِرارٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، أنَّه بالَ فتَوَضّأَ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه ظُهورَ القَدَمَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-357>بابُ جَوازِ نَزعِ الخُفِّ وغَسلِ الرِّجلِ إذا لم يَكُنْ فيه رَغبَةٌ عن السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n١٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٢)، ومسدد - كما في المطالب العالية (١٢٠)، وإتحاف الخيرة للبوصيرى (١٠١١) - وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٧٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩١٨)، والطبراني ١٨/ ٣٤٧ (٨٨٢) عن أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩١٦).\n(^٤) كذا جاء هذا الأثر، وهو تكرار للأثر رقم (١٤٠٧).","vol":"2","page":362},{"text":"حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ زاذانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أفلَحَ مَولَى أبى أيّوبَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، أنَّه كان يأمُرُ (^١) بالمَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ، وكانَ يَغسِلُ هو قَدَمَيه، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ: كَيفَ تأمُرُ بالمَسحِ وأَنتَ تَغسِلُ؟ فقالَ: بئسَ ما لِى، إن كان مَهنأَةً لَكُم ومأْثَمَةً عَلَىَّ، قَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه ويأْمُرُ به، ولَكِنِّى امرُؤٌ حُبِّبَ إلىَّ الوُضوءُ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الزَّهرانِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يأمرنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الشاشى (١١١٥) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٤٦٥)، والطبراني (٣٩٨٢) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"2","page":363},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-358>جِماعُ أبوابِ الغُسلِ لِلجُمُعَةِ والأعيادِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-359>بابُ الغُسلِ لِلجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n١٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالكٌ، أن نافِعًا حدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم إلى الجُمُعَةِ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ أبى الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنه قال: \"مَن جاءَ مِنكُم (^٣) الجُمُعَةَ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤١٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٢١٨)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥/ ٤١٨. ومالك ١/ ١٠٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١١)، والدارمى (١٥٧٧)، والنسائي (١٣٧٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٧٧).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٢٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٢٩١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٦٩).","vol":"2","page":364},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال وهو قائمٌ على المِنبَرِ: \"مَن جاءَ مِنكُم الجُمُعَةَ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^١).\n\n١٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ. فذكَره عَنهُما جَميعًا مُدرَجًا على الَّلفظ الأوَّلِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، أن صَفوانَ بنَ سُلَيمٍ حدَّثَهُم (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"غُسلُ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ واجِبٌ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ. وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"الغُسلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن. القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٧٠) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٤٤/ عقب ٢).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٠٢، وأبو داود (٣٤١). ومن طريق مالك أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٧٨)، والنسائي (١٣٧٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٧٤٢) عن طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٩٥)، ومسلم (٨٤٦/ ٥)، وسيذكره المصنف في (٥٧٢٧).","vol":"2","page":365},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-360>بابُ الدِّلالَةِ على أن الغُسلَ لِلجُمُعَةِ سُنَّةُ اختيارٍ</span>\n\n١٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه، أن رجلًا مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَخطُبُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أيَّةُ ساعَةٍ هَذِهِ؟ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، انقَلَبتُ مِنَ السّوقِ فسَمِعتُ النِّداءَ، فما زِدْتُ على أن تَوَضّأْتُ وأَقبَلْتُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: الوُضوءَ أيضًا وقَد عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ بالغُسلِ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ بَينا هو قائمٌ لِلخُطبَةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إذ جاءَ رجلٌ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ، فناداه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الصفار\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٢)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٦٢، وابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء المبهمة ١/ ٥٩ من طريق روح به. وسيأتي في (٥٧٢٩، ٥٩١٠).","vol":"2","page":366},{"text":"عُمَرُ: أيَّةُ ساعَةٍ هَذِهِ؟ قال: إنِّى شُغِلتُ اليَومَ فلَم أنقَلِبْ إلى أهلِى حَتَّى سَمِعتُ التّأذينَ (^١)، فلَم أزِدْ على أن تَوَضّأْتُ. قال عُمَرُ: الوُضوءَ أيضًا وقَد عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأْمُرُ بالغُسلِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٣). وهَذا حَديثٌ أرسَلَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ في \"الموطأ\" (^٤) فلَم يَذكُرْ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ في إسنادِه، ووَصَلَه خارِجَ \"الموطأ\"، والموْصولُ صَحيحٌ، فقَد رواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ ومَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مَوصولًا (^٥).\nوثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ عن عمرَ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٤١٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، اخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثنى يَحيَى، حدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ، حدَّثنى أبو هريرةَ قال: بَينا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَخطُبُ النّاسَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ دَخَلَ عثمانُ بنُ عفانَ المَسجِدَ، فعَرَّضَ له عُمَرُ فقالَ: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَتأخَّرونَ بعدَ النِّداءِ؟ فقالَ عثمانُ يَعنِى ابنَ عفانَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما زِدتُ حينَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"المنادى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٦٢ من طريق عبد الله بن محمد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٧٨).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٠١.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٨٤٥/ ٣) من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (٢٠٢)، والترمذي (٤٩٤) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"2","page":367},{"text":"سَمِعتُ النِّداءَ أن تَوَضّأتُ ثم أقبَلتُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: الوُضوءَ أَيضًا! أوَلَم تَسمَعْ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُمُ إلى (^١) الجُمُعَةِ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٢)؟ رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: فلَمَّا لم يَترُكْ عثمانُ الصَّلاةَ لِلغُسلِ ولَم يأْمُرْه عُمَرُ بالخُروجِ لِلغُسلِ، دَلَّ ذَلِكَ على أنَّهُما قَد عَلِما أن أمْرَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالغُسلِ على الاختيارِ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى العَطّارُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سأَلتُ عَمْرَةَ عن الغُسلِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَت: سأَلتُ عائشةَ عن الغُسلِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَت: كان النّاسُ عُمَّالَ أنفُسِهِم، فكانوا يَروحونَ بهَيئَتِهِم، فقيلَ لَهُم: \"لَوِ اغتَسَلتُم؟ \" (^٥). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ (^٦).\n\n١٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٤٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٤٨) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٤٥/ ٤)، والبخاري (٨٨٢).\n(^٤) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٤٩، ١٥٠ بنحوه.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٣٩)، وأبو داود (٣٥٢)، وابن حبان (١٢٣٦) من طرق عن يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٩٠٣)، ومسلم (٨٤٧).","vol":"2","page":368},{"text":"داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن أُناسًا مِن أهلِ العِراقِ جاءوا فقالوا: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، أتَرَى الغُسلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واجِبًا؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنَّه أطهَرُ وخَيرٌ لمنِ اغتَسَلَ، ومَن لم يَغتَسِلْ فلَيسَ عليه بواجِبٍ، وسأُخبِرُكُم كَيفَ بَدْأُ الغُسلُ، كان النّاسُ مَجهودينَ يَلبَسونَ الصّوفَ ويَعمَلونَ على ظُهورِهِم، وكانَ مَسجِدُهُم ضَيِّقًا مُقارِبَ السَّقفِ إنَّما هو عَريشٌ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في يَومٍ حارٍّ، وعَرِقَ النّاسُ في ذَلِكَ الصّوفِ حَتَّى ثارَت مِنهُم رياحٌ آذَى بذَلِكَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا، فلَمَّا وجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تِلكَ الرّيحَ قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إذا كان هذا اليَومُ فاغتَسِلوا، وليَمَسَّ أحَدُكُم أفضَلَ ما يَجِدُ مِن دُهنِه وطيبِه\". قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ثم جاءَ اللَّهُ بالخَيرِ ولَبِسوا غَيرَ الصّوفِ وكُفُوا العَمَلَ ووُسِّعَ مَسجِدُهُم، وذَهَبَ بَعضُ الذي كان يُؤذِى بَعضُهُم بَعضًا مِنَ العَرَقِ (^١).\n\n١٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّفّارُ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ القَنّادُ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فبِها ونِعمَت ويُجزِئُ مِنَ الفَريضَةِ، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\". وهَذا الحديث بهَذا اللَّفظِ غَريبٌ مِن هذا الوَجهِ، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مِن حَديثِ الحسنِ وغَيرِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٥٥) من طريق عمرو بن أبي عمرو بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٠)، وسيأتي في (٥٧٣٠).","vol":"2","page":369},{"text":"١٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرو الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فهوَ أفضلُ\" (^١).\nوهَكَذا روِى عن شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ:\n\n١٤٢٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه سَعيدُ بنُ سُفيانَ الجَحدَرِىُّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣)، وخالَفَهُما سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ فرواه مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٤٢٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ عن قَتادَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٥٩)، والدارمى (١٥٨١) عن عفان به. وسيأتي في (٥٧٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٣٥٢ من طريق ابن أبي رجاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٤٩٧) من طريق سعيد بن سفيان به، وقال: حسن.\n(^٤) ذكره الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٨٧.\n(^٥) ذكره الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٨٧، وابن أبي حاتم في العلل ٢/ ٥٤١.","vol":"2","page":370},{"text":"ورواه أبو حُرَّةَ الرَّقاشِىُّ عن الحسنِ كما:\n\n١٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو حُرَّةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: ولا أعلَمُه إلا عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٢٦ - ورواه بَكرُ بنُ بَكّارٍ عن أبي حُرَّةَ بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. ولَم يَشُكَّ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَندَه الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا بَكرُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا أبو حُرَّةَ. فذَكَرَه.\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وفِى إسنادِه نَظَرٌ:\n\n١٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ البِلالِىُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى البَغدادِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ صَبِيحٍ، عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ، والغُسلُ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ\" (^٢). لم يَذكُرْ أبو داودَ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٤٧). وأخرجه العقيلى ٢/ ١٦٧، والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٧٦٥) من طريق أبى حرة به. والحديث إنما هو لسمرة بن جندب. وأبو حرة مضعف في روايته عن الحسن، وانظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٢٢٤). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ١/ ١١٩، وابن عدى في الكامل =","vol":"2","page":371},{"text":"\"والغُسلُ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ\".\n\n١٤٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ صَبِيحٍ، عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن جاءَ إلى الجُمُعَةِ فليَغتَسِلْ\". فلَمَّا كان (^١) الشِّتاءُ فاشتَدَّ عَلَينا، فشَكَوْنا ذَلِكَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\" (^٢).\nوروِى أيضًا عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٤٢٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ (^٣) بنُ زَيدٍ الجَمّالُ (^٤) أبو محمدٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عَوفٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n= ٣/ ٩٩٣ من طريق الربيع به. إسناده ضعيف، وانظر تحقيق الطيالسي.\n(^١) في س، م: \"جاء\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٤١ من طريق أبان عن أنس.\n(^٣) في س: \"أسد\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٦٣٠ - كشف) من طريق أسيد به. قال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٧٥: فيه أسيد بن زيد وهو كذاب.","vol":"2","page":372},{"text":"ورواه الثَّورِىُّ عَمَّن حدَّثه عن أبي نَضرَةَ عن جابِرٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١)، ورواه إسحاقُ عن أبي داودَ الحَفَرِيِّ عن سُفيانَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-361>بابُ الغُسلِ للجُمُعَةِ عِندَ الرَّواحِ إلَيها</span>\n\n١٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثنى عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّحْوِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ بَينَما هو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ إذ جاءَ رجلٌ، فقالَ: لِمَ تَحتَبِسونَ إلى هَذِه السّاعَةِ؟ فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: ما هو إلا أنِّى سَمِعتُ النِّداءَ فتَوَضّأْتُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: والوُضوءَ! ألَم تَسمَعْ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا راحَ أحَدُكُم إلى المسجدِ (^٢) فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٣)؟ رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ: \"إذا راحَ أحَدُكُم إلى الجُمُعَةِ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٥). وقالَ الأوزاعِىُّ عن يَحيَى: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم\" (^٦). وقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٣١٣) عن الثوري به. وعبد بن حميد (١٠٧٧) من طريق الثوري وسمى الرجل أبانا. وهو ابن أبي عياش. والحديث ضعفه ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٢) في د: \"الجمعة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٨٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٩) من طريق حرب به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤١٨).","vol":"2","page":373},{"text":"مُعاويَةُ بنُ سلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-362>بابُ جَوازِ الغُسلِ لها إذا كان غُسلُه قَبلَها في يَومِها</span>\n\n١٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال طاوُسٌ: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: ذَكَروا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اغتَسِلوا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واغسِلوا رُءوسَكُم وإِن لم تَكونوا جُنُبًا، وأَصيبوا مِنَ الطّيبِ\". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أمَّا الغُسلُ فنَعَم، وأَمّا الطّيبُ فلا أدرِى (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"الغُسلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واجِبٌ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ\" (^٤). وقالَ أبو هريرةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ غُسلَ الجَنابَةِ ثم راحَ\". فذكَر رَواحَه بعدَ الغُسلِ في السّاعَةِ الأولَى والثّانيَةِ والثّالِثَةِ والرّابِعَةِ والخامِسَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٠) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) أبو زرعة الدمشقى في تاريخه (١٧٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٦٨١) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٨٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٤١٥).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (٥٩٢٩).","vol":"2","page":374},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-363>بابُ الغُسلِ على مَن أرادَ الجُمُعَةَ دونَ مَن لم يُرِدْها</span>\n\n١٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يأْتِىَ الجُمُعَةَ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: إنَّما الغُسلُ على مَن تَجِبُ عليه الجُمُعَةُ (^٣). وعَنه أنَّه كان لا يَغتَسِلُ في السَّفَرِ في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٤). وقَدِ استَحَبَّ غَيرُه أن يَغتَسِلَ في كُلِّ أُسبوعٍ مَرَّةً تَنَظُّفًا واحتَجَّ بما:\n\n١٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الضَّبِّىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ (^٥) بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أبى الحَجّاجِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ حَقٌّ أن يَغتَسِلَ في كُلِّ سَبعَةِ أيّامٍ يَومًا\" (^٦). قال البخاريُّ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة عقب (٢٥٨٢)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٣٣٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٤٤/ ١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ٢١، والمصنف في الشعب (٣٠١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥١٩٨، ٥٣٢٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٦٧).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"بن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٥٤.\n(^٦) قال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩٦: سنده صحيح.","vol":"2","page":375},{"text":"ورواه أبانُ بنُ صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهَذا يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ به أيضًا غُسلَ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n١٤٣٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ (^٢)، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَحنُ الآخِرونَ السّابِقونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، بَيدَ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ أُوتوا الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا، وأُوتينا مِن بَعدِهِم، فهَذا اليَومُ الذي اختَلَفوا فيه فهَدانا اللهُ له، فغَدًا لِليَهودِ، وبَعدَ غَدٍ لِلنَّصارَى\". فسَكَتَ وقالَ: \"حَقٌّ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ في كُلِّ سَبعَةِ أيّامٍ يَومًا يَغسِلُ رأسَه وجَسَدَه\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-364>بابُ الاغتسالِ لِلجَنابَةِ والجُمُعَةِ جَميعًا إذا نَواهُما مَعًا؛ لِقَولِه - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيّاتِ، ولِكُلِّ امرِئٍ ما نَوَى</span>\"\n\n١٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَميُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللهِ] (^٥) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، أنَّه سمِع عَلقَمَةَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٩٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"وهب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٠٣)، ومسلم (٨٤٩) من طريق وهيب به. وعند مسلم بذكر آخره فحسب.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٤٨٦).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"العباس\".","vol":"2","page":376},{"text":"وقّاصٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ [بالنّيَّةِ، وإِنَّما لامرِئٍ] (^١) ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى اللهِ وإِلَى رسولِه فهِجرَتُه إلى الله وإِلَى رسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى دُنيا يُصيبُها أو إلى امرأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها، فهِجرَتُه إلى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، ورواه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحسنُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَغتَسِلُ لِلجَنابَةِ والجُمُعَةِ غُسلًا واحِدًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-365>بابُ هَل يُكتَفَى بغُسلِ الجَنابَةِ عن غُسلِ الجُمُعَةِ إذا لم يَنوِها مَعَ الجَنابَةِ</span>؟\n\n١٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو سَعْدٍ (^٥) الشُّعَيبِيُّ (^٦) قالا: حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زكريا،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، وسنن ابن ماجه: \"بالنيات وإنما لكل امرئ\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٢٧) من طريق يزيد به. وتقدم في (١٨٤، ١٨٥، ١٠٤٥). وسيأتي في (٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٠٧)، والبخاري (١، ٥٤، ٢٥٢٩، ٣٨٩٨، ٦٦٨٩، ٦٩٥٣).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٩٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"سعيد\". وتقدمت ترجمته في ١/ ١٠١.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"الشعبي\".","vol":"2","page":377},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبَّانِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ العِجلِىُّ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ أبى وأَنا أغتَسِلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: غُسلُكَ مِن جَنابَةٍ أو لِلجُمُعَةِ؟ قال: قُلتُ: مِن جَنابَةٍ. قال: أعِدْ غُسلًا آخَرَ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ كان في طَهارَةٍ إلى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى حازِمٍ.\n\n١٤٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: إذا اغتَسَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ بعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ أجزأَه مِن غُسلِ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن زاذانَ قال: استَبَّ رجلانِ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ أحَدُهُما: أنا إذن كَمَثَلِ الذي لا يَغتَسِلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٨) من طريق أبى الحسن به. وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٢ من طريق الحسين بن محمد بن زياد به. وابن خزيمة (١٧٦٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٢٢) من طريق هارون بن مسلم به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٢٩٧: هذا حديث منكر. . . هارون لا يدرى من هو.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٧٧) عن أبي الأحوص به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٢٣).","vol":"2","page":378},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-366>بابُ الاغتِسالِ لِلأعيادِ</span>\n\n١٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ الرحمنِ] (^١) السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ يَزيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الإِسكَندَرانِيُّ بإِسكَندَريَّةَ قال: قُرِئَ على مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ سَعيدُ بنُ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في جُمُعَةٍ مِنَ الجُمُعِ: \"يا مَعاشِرَ المُسلِمينَ، إنَّ هذا يَومٌ جَعَلَه اللَّهُ تعالَى لَكُم عيدًا، فاغتَسِلوا وعَلَيكُم بالسِّواكِ\" (^٢). هَكَذا رواه هذا الشيخُ عن مالِكٍ. ورواه الجَماعَةُ عن مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ السَّبّاقِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n١٤٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَغتَسِلُ في العيدَينِ اغتِسالَه مِنَ الجَنابَةِ (^٤).\nورُوِى عن غَيرِه أيضًا، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ تعالَى في كِتابِ العيدَينِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٥٩١)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٤٣٣)، وابن المظفر في غرائب مالك (٨٨) من طريق يزيد بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٦٥، ومن طريقه ابن وهب (٢١٧)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٧، ومسدد - كما في المطالب العالية (٦٨٧) - وابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٥٢) وغيرهم. وانظر ما سيأتي في (٦٠٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٥٩٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به مطولًا.\n(^٥) ينظر ما سيأتي في (٦١٩٣)، وعقب (٦١٩٤).","vol":"2","page":379},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-367>بابُ الغُسلِ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ] (^١) بنُ محمدٍ الصّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها حَدَّثَته أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُغتَسَلُ مِن أربَعٍ؛ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، ويَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، ومِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ، والحِجامَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا زكريا، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ شَيبَةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه إلا أنَّه قال: كان يَغْتَسِلُ مِن أربَعٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مِسعَرٌ عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَسَّان المَرْورُّوذِىُّ (^٥) بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أبو بكر\"، وفي م: \"أبو بكر أحمد\"، وعند الحاكم: \"أبو محمد بكر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٠٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٦٣. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٦) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦١)، وأبو داود (٣٤٨، ٣١٦٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٥، ٦٩٣).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦١).\n(^٥) في م: \"المرروزى\". وهو عبد الصمد بن حسان المروروذى، ويقال: المروزي. ينظر الجرح =","vol":"2","page":380},{"text":"أبى السَّفَرِ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الغُسلُ مِن خَمسَةٍ؛ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، والحِجامَةِ، وغُسلُ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، وغَسلِ المَيِّتِ، والغُسلُ مِن ماءِ الحَمّامِ\" (^١). أخرَجَ مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" حَديثَ مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ عن ابنِ الزَّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"عَشرٌ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ\" (^٢). وتَرَكَ هذا الحديثَ فلَم يُخرِجْه، ولا أُراه تَرَكَه إلا لِطَعنِ بَعضِ الحُفّاظِ فيهِ (^٣).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرِ الغُسلَ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ:\n\n١٤٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: كُنّا نَغتَسِلُ مِن خَمسٍ؛ مِنَ [الحِجامَةِ، والحَمّامِ] (^٤)، [ونَتفِ الإِبْطِ] (^٥)، ومنَ\n_________\n= والتعديل ٦/ ٥١، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٤١٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٥١٧، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٢٠، وتعجيل المنفعة ١/ ٨١٩.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي السفر به. بلفظ: \"يغتسل من أربع. . .\" ولم يذكر الغسل من ماء الحمام.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦١/ ٥٦). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٦، ٢٤٣).\n(^٣) ينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ١/ ٥٧٠ (١١٣).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الجنابة والحجامة\".\n(^٥) جاء مكانه في مصنف عبد الرزاق: \"الموسى\"، وفى المطالب العالية وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة: \"الموتى\".","vol":"2","page":381},{"text":"الجَنابَةِ، ويَومِ الجُمُعَةِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإِبراهيمَ فقالَ: ما كانوا يَرَونَ غُسلًا واجِبًا إلا مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، وإِن كانوا لَيَستَحِبّونَ أن يَغتَسِلوا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثنى عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، حدَّثنى مُجاهِدٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: اغتَسِلْ مِنَ الحَمّامِ، والجُمُعَةِ، والجَنابَةِ، والحِجامَةِ، والموسَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن غَسَّلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن حَمَلَه فليَتَوَضّأْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ أظُنُّه ابنَ المُختارِ، حدثنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِن غَسلِه الغُسلُ، ومِن حَملِه الوُضوءُ\" (^٤). يَعنِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤١، ٥٣٠٩)، ومسدد - كما في المطالب (٢٣٦/ ٢)، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة (٩٧٧) - من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٤٧. وفيه \"الجماع\" بدل: \"الحمام\".\n(^٣) ذكره البخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٣٩٧ عن ابن عجلان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٩٣)، وابن ماجه (١٤٦٣) من طريق محمد بن عبد الملك به، وقال الترمذى: =","vol":"2","page":382},{"text":"المَيِّتَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٩ - ورواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن إسحاقَ مَولَى زائدَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعناه. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حامِدُ (^٢) بنُ يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن سُهَيلٍ مَرَّةً مَرفوعًا ومَرَّةً مَوقوفًا (^٤).\nورواه وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن سُهَيلٍ كما:\n\n١٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مِهرانَ الضَّريرُ الثِّقَةُ المأمونُ وكانَ مِن أحفَظِ النّاسِ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ (^٥) بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n= حسن. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٠/ ١٦١.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٨٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن حبان (١١٦١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حاتم\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣١٦٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٠٨).\n(^٤) ذكره البخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٣٩٦، ٣٩٧.\n(^٥) في م: \"وهب\".","vol":"2","page":383},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مِن غَسلِه الغُسلُ، ومِن حَملِه الوُضوءُ\" (^١). يَعنِي في المَيِّتِ والجِنازَةِ. كَذا رواه ولا أُراه حَفِظَه.\n\n١٤٥١ - وقيل عن وُهَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو واقِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِى ابنَ ثَوبانَ، وإِسحاقَ مَولَى زائدَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِن غَسلِه الغُسلُ، ومِن حَملِه الوُضوءُ\". أَخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ. فذَكَرَه. وزادَ قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: لَو عَلِمتُ أنَّه نَجِسٌ لم أمَسَّه (^٢).\nوقيل: عن إسحاقَ عن أبي سعيدٍ. وقيل غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٥٢ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ سليمانَ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ، عن أُسامَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى المَهرِيينَ (^٣)، عن إسحاقَ مَولَى زائدَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ مِثلَه وقبلَه: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ١٦١ عن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سمويه في فوائده - كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤٦٢ عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. والبخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٣٩٧، والبزار (٨٢٦١) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٧٤، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٣٦٣.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"ومن حمله فليتوضأ\". وهو في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٩٧.","vol":"2","page":384},{"text":"١٤٥٣ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إسحاقَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٤٥٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أبانٍ، عن يَحيَى، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى لَيثٍ، عن [أبى إسحاقَ] (^٢)، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣)\n\n١٤٥٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنى الأُوَيسِيُّ، عن الدَّراوَردىِّ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قَولَه. قالَ البخاريُّ: وهَذا أشبَهُ (^٤).\nقال: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وعَلِيٌّ: لا يَصِحُّ في هذا البابِ شَيءٌ (^٥).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ وسُئلَ عن الغُسلِ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ فقالَ: يَجزيه الوُضوءُ. أدخَلَ أبو صالِحٍ بَينَه وبَينَ أبي هريرةَ في هذا، يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٩٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١١٠)، وعنه أحمد (٧٧٧٠) عن معمر به، وعنده: أبو إسحاق. مكان: إسحاق. كما سيأتي في الإسناد التالى.\n(^٢) في م: \"إسحاق\".\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٧١) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٣) عن البخاري به، ولم نجده في التاريخ الكبير.","vol":"2","page":385},{"text":"إسحاقَ مَولَى زائدَةَ (^١). قال: وحَديثُ مُصعَبٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، فيه خِصالٌ لَيسَ عليه العَمَلُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقالَ أبو عيسَى: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: إنَّ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ وعَلِيَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: لا يَصِحُّ في هذا البابِ شَيءٌ. قال محمدٌ: وحَديثُ عائشةَ في هذا البابِ لَيسَ بذاكَ (^٤).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافعيُّ: وإِنَّما مَنَعَنِى مِن إيجابِ الغُسلِ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ أن في إسنادِه رجلًا لم [أَقَعْ مِنْ] (^٥) مَعرِفَةِ ثَبَتِ حَديثِه إلى يَومِى هذا على ما يُقنِعُنِى، فإِن وجَدتُ مَن يُقنِعُنِى أوجَبتُه وأَوجَبتُ الوُضوءَ مِن مَسِّ المَيِّتِ مُفضيًا إلَيه، فإِنَّهُما في حَديثٍ واحِدٍ (^٦).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ المُطَرِّزُ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقولُ: لا أعلمُ في: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا (^٧) فليَغتَسِلْ\". حَديثًا ثابِتًا، ولَو ثَبَتَ لَزِمَنا استِعمالُه (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤٤٢ - ١٤٤٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣١٦٢).\n(^٤) العلل الكبير ص ١٤٣.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"أقنع عن\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٣٨.\n(^٧) في س: \"الميت\".\n(^٨) ذكره ابن عبد الهادى في تنقيح التحقيق ١/ ٣١٨.","vol":"2","page":386},{"text":"قال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقَد روِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي سلمةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٥٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَحبوبٍ الرَّملِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الرَّبيعِ التَّميمِىُّ (^١) بمِصرَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن حُنَينِ بنِ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ (^٢) سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبي - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ\". هذا لَفظُ القاضِى. وفِى رِوايَةِ الحافظِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ الغُسلُ، ومِن حَملِه الوُضوءُ\" (^٣). ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وحُنَينُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٤).\nوالمَحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ أبى سلمةَ ما أشارَ إلَيه البخاريُّ مَوقوفٌ مِن قَولِ أبي هريرةَ:\n\n١٤٥٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"التيمى\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أبى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٨٥٦٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام على ابن لهيعة عقب (٢٧).\nوحنين هو ابن أبي حكيم القرشي الأموى المصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٨٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤٥٧، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦٢١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٦٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٠٧: صدوق.","vol":"2","page":387},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن حَمَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَتَوَضّأْ، ومَن مَشَى مَعَها فلا يَجلِسْ حَتَّى يُقضَى دَفنُها (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفًا على أبي هريرةَ كما أشارَ إلَيه البُخارِىُّ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ ببَغدادَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ يَعنِى البَرقِىَّ (^٢)، وجَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ قالا: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن حَمَلَه فليَتَوَضّأْ\" (^٣). زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ قال البخاريُّ: رَوَى عنه أهلُ الشّامِ أحاديثَ مَناكيرَ (^٤). وقالَ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّسائيُّ: زُهَيرٌ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٧٩٩٢) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٥٥)، والبخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٣٩٧ من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) في د: \"البرتى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٥٠٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن شاهين في ناسخه (٣١) عن أبي بكر عبد الله بن سليمان به. والبزار (٨٣٣٣) من طريق عمرو بن أبي سلمة به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٨٦) عن زهير بن محمد به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٤) الضعفاء الصغير (١٢٧)، والتاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢٧.\n(^٥) النسائي في الضعفاء والمتروكين (٢١٨). =","vol":"2","page":388},{"text":"ورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٦٠ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن غَسَلَ المَيِّتَ فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن حَمَلَه فليَتَوَضّأْ\" (^١). عمرُو بنُ عُمَيرٍ إنَّما يُعرَفُ بهَذا الحديثِ ولَيسَ بالمَشهورِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءَمَةِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن حَمَلَ جِنازَةً فليَتَوَضّأْ\" (^٣). هذا هو المَشهورُ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ. وصالِحٌ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n= وزهير هو ابن محمد التميمى العنبرى، أبو المنذر الخراساني. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٠١: وثقة ابن معين وأحمد مرة، وليناه أخرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٧٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٤١٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ١٦٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٨٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٣٤٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٦٤: رواية أهل الشام عنه غير مستقيمة، فضعف بسببها.\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣١٦١).\n(^٢) هو عمرو بن عمير الحجازى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٥٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٥٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١٧٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٨٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٨٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٧٥: مجهول.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٤٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠١، ٩٨٦٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) هو صالح بن نبهان مولى التوءمة بنت أمية بن خلف الجمحى، أبو محمد المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٩١، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٦٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٩٩، وميزان =","vol":"2","page":389},{"text":"١٤٦٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ عاصِمٍ الدِّمَشقِيَّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: قُلتُ لِلَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ: إنَّ ابنَ أبى ذِئبٍ أخبرَنِى عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال يَعنِي: \"ومَن حَمَلَه فليَتَوَضّأْ\". قال اللَّيثُ: بَلَغَنا أن هذا مِن حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ، ذُكِرَ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: يُريدُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ألا يَشهَدَ الجِنازَةَ إلا مُتَوَضِّئٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى هذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ مَنصوصًا، إلا أن إسنادَه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ وردانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أرادَ أن يَحمِلَ (^١) فليَتَوَضّأْ\".\nقال الشيخُ: الرِّوَاياتُ المَرفوعَةُ في هذا البابِ عن أبي هريرةَ غَيرُ قَويَّةٍ؛ لجَهالةِ بَعضِ رواتِها وضَعفِ بَعضِهِم (^٢)، والصَّحيحُ عن أبي هريرةَ مِن قَولِه مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ:\n_________\n= الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٠٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٦٣: صدوق اختلط بأخرة.\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"ميتا\".\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٠١: بل هي غير بعيدة من القوة إذا ضم بعضها إلى بعض.","vol":"2","page":390},{"text":"١٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: مَن غَسَلَ المَيِّتَ فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن أدخَلَه قَبرَه فليَتَوَضّأْ (^١).\nوقَد قيلَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ في قَولِه (^٢):\n\n١٤٦٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: أن في (^٣) السُّنَّةِ أن يَغتَسِلَ مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا، ويَتَوَضّأَ مَن نَزَلَ في حُفرَتِه حينَ يُدفَنُ، ولا وُضوءَ على أحَدٍ في غَيرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّن صَلَّى عليه ولا مِمَّن حَمَلَ جِنازَتَه، ولا مِمَّن مَشَى مَعَها (^٤).\n[وقَد مَضَى عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: لَو عَلِمتُ أنَّه نَجِسٌ لم أمَسَّه] (^٥).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٦٦ - حدثنا الفقيهُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٩/ ٢٩٤ عن عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) في م: \"في قوله\".\n(^٣) ليس في: د، وفي م: \"من\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٥٣) من طريق الزهري به مختصرًا.\n(^٥) ليس في: د. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٤٥١).","vol":"2","page":391},{"text":"الأُرمَوِىُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٢).\nوقالَ غَيرُه: عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إسحاقَ (^٣)، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤). وقالَ أبانٌ: عن يَحيَى، عن أبي إسحاقَ، سمِع أبا هُرَيرَةَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ: خَبَرُ أبى إسحاقَ عن أبيه عن حُذَيفَةَ ساقِطٌ. قال: وقالَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ: لا يَثبُتُ فيه حَديثٌ.\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: والمَشهورُ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ الأسَدِيِّ عن عليٍّ كما:\n\n١٤٦٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الفقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) هو إبراهيم بن محمد بن أحمد بن على أبو إسحاق الأرموى، قال عبد الغافر: المحدث، الحافظ، الأصولى، من كبار المحدثين وثقاتهم، وكان نسيج وحده في وقته، خرج على الصحيحين. وقال الذهبي: كان أصوليًا متفننا، طاف وجد، وجمع كثيرًا من الأصول والمسانيد والتواريخ، ولم يرو إلا القليل. توفى سنة (٤٢٨ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٢٧١)، وتاريخ الإسلام حوادث ووفيات (سنة ٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ٢١٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٧٦٠)، وابن شاهين في ناسخه (٣٧) وغيرهما من طريق محمد بن المنهال به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أبى إسحاق\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٧٠) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٩٧ من طريق أبان عن يحيى عن رجل عن أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"2","page":392},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^١) اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ الأسَدِىِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: لما توُفِّىَ أبو طالِبٍ أتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عَمَّكَ الضَّالَّ قَد هَلَكَ. قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فوارِه\". فقُلتُ: ما أنا بمواريهِ. قالَ: \"فمَن يواريهِ؟ انطَلِقْ فوارِه، ولا تُحدِثَنَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى تأتيَنِي\". فانطَلَقتُ فوارَيتُه، فأَمَرَنِى أن أغتَسِلَ، ثم دَعا لِي بدَعَواتٍ وما يَسُرُّنِى بها ما على الأرضِ مِن شَيءٍ (^٢).\nورواه أيضًا الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ وشَريكٌ عن أبي إسحاقَ، ورواه الأعمَشُ، عنه عن رجلٍ عن عَلِيٍّ (^٣). وناجيَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأسَدِىُّ (^٤) لم تَثبُتْ عَدالَتُه عِندَ صاحِبَىِ \"الصحيح\"، ولَيسَ فيه أنَّه غَسَلَه.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: حَديثُ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٥٢) من طريق إسرائيل به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢١٤)، والنسائي (٢٠٠٥) من طريق الثوري به. وأحمد (٧٥٩)، والنسائي (١٩٠) من طريق شعبة به. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ١٤٤ عن شريك به. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ١٤٦ عن الأعمش به.\n(^٤) هو ناجية بن كعب الأسدى، ويقال: ناجية بن خفاف العنزى، أبو خفاف الكوفي. ويقال: إنهما اثنان. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٠٧، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٨٦، والمجروحين ٣/ ٥٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٥٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٣٩٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٩٤: ثقة.","vol":"2","page":393},{"text":"أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يوارِىَ أبا طالِبٍ، لم نَجِدْه إلا عِندَ أهلِ الكوفَةِ، وفِى إسنادِه بَعضُ الشَّيءِ، رواه أبو إسحاقَ عن ناجيَةَ، ولا نَعلَمُ أحَدًا رَوَى عن ناجيَةَ غَيرَ أبى إسحاقَ.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عليٍّ هَكَذا:\n\n١٤٦٨ - حَدَّثَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الدَّيْبُلىُّ (^١) بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأصَمُّ قال: سَمِعتُ السُّدِّيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: لما توُفِّىَ أبو طالِبٍ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: إنَّ عَمَّكَ الشيخَ قَد ماتَ. فقالَ لِي: \"اذهَبْ فوارِه، ثم لا تُحدِثْ شَيئًا حَتَّى تأتيَنِى\". [فواريتُه ثم أتيْتُه، فقال: \"اذهَبْ فاغْتَسِلْ، ثم لا تُحْدِثْ شَيئًا حَتَّى تأْتيَنى\"] (^٢). فاغتَسَلتُ ثم أتَيتُه، فدَعا لِي بدَعَواتٍ ما يَسُرُّنِى بها حُمْرُ النَّعَمِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ الهَرَوِيُّ بها، حدَّثنى أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه نَحوَه. زادَ: حُمْرُ النَّعَمِ وسُودُها. وكانَ عَلِيٌّ إذا غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا اغتَسَلَ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به\n_________\n(^١) في س، أ، م: \"الدبيلى\" بتقديم الموحدة التحتية، وغير منقوطة في: د. وستأتى على الصواب في (١٠٤٨٦، ١٩٥٩٨).\n(^٢) زيادة من: د.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٠٤٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٧)، وعبد الله في زوائد المسند (١٠٧٤) من طريق الحسن بن يزيد به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١٠٤٢ - تفسير).","vol":"2","page":394},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأصَمُّ بإِسنادِه هَذا.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: الحسنُ بنُ يَزيدَ الكوفِىُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ، وحَديثُه عن السُّدِّيِّ لَيسَ بالمَحفوظِ (^١)، ومَدارُ هذا الحديثِ المَشهورِ على أبى إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ عن عَلِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٠ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى عليٍّ اللَّهَبِىِّ (^٣)، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: دَخَلَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه بمَوتِ أبى طالِبٍ، فقالَ: \"فاذهَبْ فاغسِلْه، ثم لا تُحدِثَنَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى تأْتيَنِى\". فغَسَلتُه ووارَيتُه ثم أتَيتُه، فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فاغتَسِلْ\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ النَّوقانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَروِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ أبى عليٍّ. فذكَره (^٤)، وهَذا مُنكَرٌ لا أصلَ له بهَذا الإسنادِ، وعَلِيُّ بنُ أبى عليٍّ اللَّهَبِىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، جَرَّحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) هو الحسن بن يزيد الأصم، أبو على، مولى قريش. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٠٩، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٣، وتاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٤٥٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٧٣: صدوق يهم.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٣٨، ٧٣٩.\n(^٣) في د: \"التميمي\" وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٨٨، والأنساب ٥/ ١٤٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٩٧) من طريق الفروى به.\n(^٥) هو على بن أبي على اللهبى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٨٨، والجرح =","vol":"2","page":395},{"text":"ابنُ مَعينٍ، وجَرَّحَه البخاريُّ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّسائيُّ، ويُروَى عن عليٍّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ هَكَذا، وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\nورُوِى عن عليٍّ مِن قَولِه ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ:\n\n١٤٧١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ مُقاتِلِ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الزِّبرِقانِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: لما ماتَ أبو طالِبٍ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ماتَ الشيخُ الضّالُّ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبْ فاغسِلْه وكَفِّنْه\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنا؟ فقالَ: \"ومَن أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ مِنكَ؟ اذهَبْ فاغسِلْه وكَفِّنْه وجَنِّنْه، ولا تُحدِثَنَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى تأْتِيَنِى\". فانطَلَقْتُ ففَعَلتُ. قال: فلَمّا أتَيتُه قال: \"اذهَبْ فاغتَسِلْ غُسلَ الجَنابَةِ\" (^١). هذا غَلَطٌ، والمَشهورُ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن ناجيَةَ عن عليٍّ كما تَقَدَّمَ. وصالِحُ بنُ مُقاتِلِ بنِ صالِحٍ يَروِى المَناكيرَ (^٢).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن الحارِثِ عن عليٍّ مِن قَولِه:\n\n١٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n= والتعديل ٦/ ١٩٧، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٠٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٤٧، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٢٤٥.\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ١٤٥ عن أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) هو صالح بن مقاتل بن صالح. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ٣٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٠١، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٤٣٦، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ١٧٧.","vol":"2","page":396},{"text":"مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه قال: مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ (^١).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِه:\n\n١٤٧٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَغتَسِلْ. كَذا رُوِى عنه بهَذا الإسنادِ، والصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ خِلافُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ: هَل على مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا غُسلٌ؟ فقالَ: أنَجَّستُم صاحِبَكُم؟! يَكفِى مِنه الوُضوءُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الغُسلِ مَن غَسْلِ المَيِّتِ فقالَ: أنجاسٌ هُم فتَغتَسِلونَ مِنهُم؟ يَعنِى الغُسلَ مِن غَسْلِ المَيِّتِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٥٢) من طريق جابر به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٠٣: جابر الجعفى واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١٠١) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"2","page":397},{"text":"١٤٧٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى ومَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَيسَ عَلَيكُم في (^١) مَيِّتِكُم غُسلٌ إذا غَسَلتُموه، إنَّ مَيِّتَكُم لمُؤمِنٌ طاهِرٌ ولَيسَ بنَجِسٍ، فحَسبُكُم أن تَغسِلوا أيديَكُم (^٢).\nوروِى هذا مَرفوعًا ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه:\n\n١٤٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَمدانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ عَلَيكُم في غَسلِ مَيِّتِكُم غُسْلٌ إذا غَسَلتُموه (^٣)، وإِنَّ المُسلِمَ لَيسَ بنَجِسٍ، فحَسبُكُم أن تَغسِلوا أيديَكُم\" (^٤). هذا ضَعيفٌ، والحَملُ فيه على أبى شَيبَةَ كما أظُنُّ (^٥)، وروِى بَعضُه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في د، م: \"غسل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن شاهين في ناسخه (٣٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق الصغانى به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"إنه مسلم مؤمن طاهر\". وينظر مصادر التخريج في الحاشية التالية.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٦، وعنده: \"فإن ميتكم ليس بنجس\" مكان: \"وإن المسلم ليس ينجس\"، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٧٦، وابن شاهين في ناسخه (٣٨) عن أحمد بن محمد به.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٠٣: بل هو ثقة. وقال: لكن هذا من مناكير خالد؛ فإنه يأتى بأشياء منكرة. . . وفيه ابن عقدة الحافظ، مجروح. اهـ. قلت: وينظر الكلام على أبى شيبة إبراهيم بن عبد اللَّه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١١٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٢٨، وإكمال تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٢٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ١٣٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٧: صدوق.","vol":"2","page":398},{"text":"١٤٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ المُسَيَّبُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ وعُثمانُ ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنَجِّسوا مَوتاكُم، فإِن المُسلِمَ لَيسَ بنَجِسٍ حَيًّا ولا مَيِّتًا\" (^١). وهَكَذا رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ غَريبٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، والمَعروفُ مَوقوفٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٣) الأُشنانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عمرَ: أيُغتَسَلُ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ؟ فقالَ: ما المَيِّتُ؟ فقُلتُ: أرجو أن يَكونَ مُؤمِنًا. قال: فتَمَسَّحْ بالمُؤمِنِ ما استَطَعتَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يقولُ: مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فأَصابَه مِنه شَيءٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٧٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٨٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٧٠ من طريق ابن عيينة به. وضعفه الألباني في السلسلة الضعيفة عقب (٦٣٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٣٧).\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٢٣٨) مختصرًا، وعبد الله بن أحمد في السنة (٦٥٤)، والخلال في السنة (١٣٣٨) من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"2","page":399},{"text":"فليَغتَسِلْ وإِلَّا فليَتَوَضّأْ.\n\n١٤٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ المُغيرَةُ بنُ سلمةَ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كُنّا نَغْسِلُ المَيِّتَ، فمِنّا مَن يَغتَسِلُ ومِنّا مَن لا يَغتَسِلُ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا [عبدُ الكَريمِ] (^٢) بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كُنّا نَغْسِلُ المَيِّتَ فيَتَوَضّأُ بَعضُنا ويَغتَسِلُ بَعضٌ، ثم نَعودُ فنُكَفِّنُه ثم نُحَنِّطُه ونُصَلِّى عليه ولا [نعودُ لوُضوءٍ] (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: قَد رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ حَنَّطَ سَعيدَ بنَ زَيدٍ وحَمَلَه فيمَن حَمَلَه ثم دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ.\n\n١٤٨٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٧٢. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٥/ ٤٢٤ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله به. وصححه ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٣٨.\n(^٢) في د: \"عبد الرحمن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"نعيد الوضوء\".","vol":"2","page":400},{"text":"حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبي عبدِ الغَفّارِ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ قالَت: غَسَلَ سَعدٌ سَعيدَ بنَ زَيدٍ وحَنَّطَه، ثم أتَى البَيتَ فاغتَسَلَ، ثم قال لَنا: أما إنِّي لم أغتَسِلْ مِن غَسلِى إيّاه، ولَكِنِّى اغتَسَلتُ مِنَ الحَرِّ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ مِن كِتابٍ عَتيقٍ، حدثنا أبو فروَةَ يَزيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى أبى يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: إن كان صاحِبُكُم نَجِسًا فاغتَسِلوا، وإِن كان مُؤمِنًا فلِمَ يُغْتَسَلُ مِن المُؤمِنِ (^٢)؟ إسنادُه لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ.\n\n١٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن مَكحولٍ قال: قُمتُ إلى أنَسٍ في هذا المَسجِدِ فسأَلتُه عن الوُضوءِ مِنَ الجَنائزِ، فقالَ: إنَّما كُنّا في صَلاةٍ ورَجَعنا إلى صَلاةٍ فلا وُضوءَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٣٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة ٤/ ٤٣٨ من وجه آخر عن ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٠١. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى ٧/ ٤٥٣، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٩/ ٣٣٤ من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"2","page":401},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو (^١)، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أن عائشةَ قالَت: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! أمواتُ المُؤمِنينَ أنجاسٌ! وهَل هو إلا رجلٌ أخَذَ عودًا فحَمَلَه؟\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢١٢.","vol":"2","page":402},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-368>كتابُ الحيضِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثنى جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ بابَنوسَ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ: ما تَقولينَ في العِراكِ؟ قالَت: الحَيضَ تَعنونَ؟ قُلنا: نَعَم. قالَت: سَمّوه كما سَمّاه اللَّهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-369>بابٌ: الحائضُ لا تُصَلِّى ولا تَصومُ</span>\n\n١٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ جَزَرَةُ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ البَرقِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إدريسَ أبو حاتِمٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَمُّويَه (^٢) أبو سِنانٍ البَلخِىُّ الثَّقَفِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الأضحَى أوِ الفِطرِ إلى المُصَلَّى فصَلَّى، ثم انصَرَفَ فوَعَظَ النّاسَ وأَمَرَهُم بالصَّدَقَةِ فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، تَصَدَّقوا\". ثم انصَرَفَ فمَرَّ على النِّساءِ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ، تَصَدَّقنَ فإِنِّي رأَيتُكُنَّ أكثَرَ أهلِ النّارِ\". فقُلنَ: ولِمَ ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"تُكثِرنَ اللَّعنَ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٥١٣).\n(^٢) في د: \"حمزة\". وينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٤٣.","vol":"2","page":403},{"text":"وتَكفُرنَ العَشيرَ، ما رأَيتُ مِن ناقِصاتِ عَقلٍ ودينٍ أذهَبَ لِلُبِّ الرَّجُلِ الحازِمِ مِنكُن يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ\". فقُلنَ له: وما نُقصانُ عَقلِنا ودينِنا؟ قال: \"ألَيسَ شَهادَةُ المَرأَةِ مِثلَ نِصفِ شَهادَةِ الرَّجُلِ؟ \". قُلنَ: بَلَى. قال: \"فذَلِك (^١) مِن نُقصانِ عَقلِها، ألَيسَ إذا حاضَتِ المَرأَةُ لم تُصَلِّ ولَم تَصُمْ؟ \". قُلنَ: بَلَى. قال: \"فذَلِكَ مِن نُقصانِ دينِها\" (^٢).\nرواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن الحُلوانِيِّ (^٣) وغَيرِه عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-370>بابٌ: الحائضُ تَقضِى الصَّومَ ولا تَقضِى الصَّلاةَ</span>\n\n١٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ وأبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى واللَّفظُ لأبِى الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَوِيَّةِ، أن امرأَةً سأَلَت عائشةَ: ما بالُ الحائضِ تَقضِى الصَّومَ ولا تَقضِى الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَت لها: أحَروريَّةٌ أنتِ؟ فقالَت: لَستُ بحَروريَّةٍ ولَكِنِّى أسأَلُ. فقالَت: كان يُصيبُنا ذَلِكَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فَنُؤمَرُ بقَضاءِ الصومِ ولا نُؤمَرُ بقَضاءِ الصَّلاةِ. قال مَعمَرٌ: وأَخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن حجر: بكسر الكاف خطابا للواحدة التي تولت الخطاب، ويجوز فتحها على أنه للخطاب العام. فتح الباري ١/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٨١٩١).\n(^٣) في س: \"الخولانى\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٤، ١٤٦٢، ١٩٥١)، ومسلم (٨٠).","vol":"2","page":404},{"text":"أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ مِثلَه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن عاصِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ حَمّادٍ عن أيّوبَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-371>بابٌ: الحائضُ لا تَطوفُ بالبَيتِ</span>\n\n١٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بسَرِفَ (^٣) أو قَريبٍ مِنه حِضتُ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أبكِى فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ؟ أنَفِستِ؟ \" قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"إنَّ هذا أمرٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ ﷿ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فاقضِى ما يَقضِى الحاجُّ إلا الطَّوافَ بالبَيتِ\". قالَت: وذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أو قالَت: ضَحَّى بالبَقَرِ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ عن سُفيانَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٦٨، ١٣٦٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٢٧٧، ١٢٧٨)، وعنه أحمد عقب (٢٥٩٥١)، وسيأتي في (٨١٩٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٥/ ٦٧، ٦٩).\n(^٣) سرف: واد يقع على بعد ١٢ ميلًا شمال مكة، يوجد به قبر ميمونة أم المؤمنين. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٥٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٠٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٩، ٣٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٥، ٢٩٣٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨٣٤) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (٩٣٧٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٩٤)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٩).","vol":"2","page":405},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-372>بابٌ: الحائضُ لا تَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ ولا تَعتَكِفُ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^١) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُخرِجُ إلَىَّ رأسَه مِنَ المَسجِدِ وهو مُجاوِرٌ، فأَغسِلُه وأَنا حائضٌ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِيِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُروَةَ (^٣).\nوفِي حَديثِ أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه أمَرَ الحُيَّضَ أن يَعتَزِلنَ مُصلَّى المُسلِمينَ. وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى في كِتابِ العيدَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-373>بابٌ: الحائضُ لا تَمَسُّ المُصحَفَ ولا تَقرأُ القُرآنَ</span>\n\n١٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ داودَ، حدَّثَنى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٧/ ٨)، والبخاري (٢٩٦، ٢٠٤٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٦٣٠٨، ٦٣١٢).","vol":"2","page":406},{"text":"أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسُّنَنُ والدِّياتُ، وبَعَثَ به عمرَو (^١) ابنَ حَزمٍ، فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: \"ولا يَمَسُّ القُرآنَ إلا طاهِرٌ\" (^٢). أرسَلَه غَيرُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّهَ كَرِهَ لِلحائضِ مَسَّ المُصحَفِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقرأُ الحائض ولا الجُنُبُ شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٤). لَيسَ هذا بالقَوِىِّ.\n\n١٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو هو الأوزاعِىُّ، قال: سُئلَ الزُّهرِىُّ عن الجُنُبِ والنُّفَساءِ والحائضِ فقالَ: لم يُرَخَّصْ لَهُم أن يَقرَءوا مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيئًا.\nورُوّيناه عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٥)، ثم عن عَطاءٍ وأَبِى العاليَةِ والنَّخَعِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في الأصل، وفي غيرها: \"مع عمرو\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (٢٩٧). وتقدم في (٤١١، ٤١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٥٩٨)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٢٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١١٦). وابن عرفة في جزئه (٣). وتقدم في (٤٢٢).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٤٢٢).","vol":"2","page":407},{"text":"وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ في الحائضِ: لا تَقرأُ القُرآنَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-374>بابٌ: الحائضُ لا تُوطَأُ حتَّى تَطهُرَ وتَغتَسِلَ</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢].\nقالَ الشافعيُّ: فقيلَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ: ﴿يَطْهُرْنَ﴾. مِنَ المَحيضِ، ﴿فَإذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ﴾. بالماءِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، أن مُعاويَةَ بنَ صالِحٍ حدَّثه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ﴾. يقولُ: اعتَزِلوا نِكاحَ فُروجِهِنَّ، ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾. يقولُ: إذا طَهُرْنَ مِنَ الدَّمِ وتَطَهَّرنَ بالماءِ، ﴿فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾. يقولُ: في الفَرجِ لا تَعدُوا إلى غَيرِه، فمَن فعَلَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ فقَدِ اعتَدَى (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٣)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ٩٧.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٦١.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٧٢٣، ٧٢٤، ٧٣٣، ٧٣٦، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢ (٢١١٥، ٢١١٩) - دون ذكر الجزء الأخير من الآية - والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٢٠٦ - مقتصرًا على الجزء الأول من الآية - من طريق أبى صالح به.","vol":"2","page":408},{"text":"حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾: حَتَّى يَنقَطِعَ الدَّمُ، ﴿فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ﴾. قال: يقولُ: إذا اغتَسَلنَ (^١).\n\n١٤٩٨ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ في الحائضِ إذا طَهَرَت مِنَ الدَّمِ قال: لا يأْتيها زَوجُها حَتَّى تَغتَسِلَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ (^٣)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنا سالِمٌ، أنَّه سمِع الحَسَنَ يقولُ: لا بأْسَ أن يَغشَى الرَّجُلُ امرأَتَه ولَيسَ بحَضرَتِه ماءٌ إذا طَهَرَت مِن حَيضَتِها في سَفَرٍ إذا تَيَمَّمَت (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن سالِمٍ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّهُما سُئلا عن الحائضِ، أيُصيبُها زَوجُها إذا رأَتِ الطُّهرَ قبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١١٢١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٧٣١، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٢٠٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (١١٢٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) في د، م: \"حبان\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١١٢٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٧٣٤ من وجه آخر عن الحسن.","vol":"2","page":409},{"text":"تَغتَسِلَ؟ فقالا: لا، حَتَّى تَغتَسِلَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ، قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ أعرابِيٌّ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنا نَكون بالرَّمْلِ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ أو خَمسَةَ أشهُرٍ، فتَكونُ فينا النُّفَساءُ والحائضُ والجُنُبُ، فما تَرَى؟ قال: \"عَلَيكُم بالصَّعيدِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-375>بابُ مُباشَرَةِ الحائضِ فيما فوقَ الإِزارِ، وما يَحِلُّ مِنها وما يَحرُمُ</span>\n\n١٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كانَت إحدانا إذا حاضَت أمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تتَّزِرَ بإِزارٍ ثم يُباشِرُها (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٥٢).\n(^٣) إسحاق بن راهويه (١٤٩٣)، وعنه النسائي (٢٨٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٣٦) من طريق جرير به.","vol":"2","page":410},{"text":"حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن مَنصورٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ [عمرَ بنِ العَلاءِ] (^٢) الجُرجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كانَت إحدانا إذا كانَت حائضًا أمَرَها النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن تأْتَزِرَ في فورِ حَيضَتِها (^٣) ثم يُباشِرُها، وأَيُّكُم يَملِكُ إرْبَه كما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَملِكُ إرْبَه (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ الخَليلِ عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبْعيُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ [إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ] (^٦) السّوسِىُّ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ وغَيرُهُم\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٩٣/ ١)، والبخاري (٢٠٣٠).\n(^٢) في د: \"عمرو\". وينظر تاريخ جرجان ص ٣٤٧، ٣٤٨.\n(^٣) فور حيضتها: معظمها ووقت كثرتها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٩٦٦)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٦٣٥).\nقال النووي: وقولها: وأيكم يملك إربه. أكثر الروايات فيه بكسر الهمزة مع إسكان الراء، ومعناه عضوه الذي يستمتع به، أي الفرج، ورواه جماعة بفتح الهمزة والراء، ومعناه حاجته وهى شهوة الجماع. . . واختار الخطابى هذه الرواية وأنكر الأولى وعابها على المحدثين، والله أعلم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٢٠٤، وينظر معالم السنن ١/ ٨٤.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٩٣/ ٢).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"محمد بن إسحاق\".","vol":"2","page":411},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُباشِرُ نِساءَه فوقَ الإِزارِ وهُنَّ حُيَّضٌ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا الشيبانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن مَيمونَةَ زَوْجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يُباشِرَ امرأَةً مِن نِسائِه وهِىَ حائضٌ أمَرَها فاتَّزَرَت (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللهِ] (^٥) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنٍ يَعنى ابنَ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٠٨٦) من طريق خالد به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٤٦) من طريق الشيباني به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٤/ ٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٥٥) من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"العباس\".","vol":"2","page":412},{"text":"الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مَيمونَةَ تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَضطَجِعُ مَعِى وأَنا حائضٌ وبَينِى وبَينَه ثَوبٌ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ. وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن زَينَبَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: بَينَما أنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُضطَجِعَةٌ في الخَميلَةِ (^٣) إذ حِضتُ، فانسَلَلتُ فلَبِستُ ثيابَ حِيضَتِي، فقالَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنَفِستِ\". قُلتُ: نَعَم. فدَعانِى فاضطَجَعتُ معه في الخَميلَةِ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٩٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٥).\n(^٣) الخميلة: القطيفة، وهى كل ثوب له خمل - هدب - من أي شيء كان. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٠٣)، والدارمى (١٠٨٥)، والنسائي (٢٨٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٩٨، ٣٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٩٦).","vol":"2","page":413},{"text":"بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّها كانَت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في لِحافٍ فأَصابَها الحَيضُ، فقالَ لها: \"قومِى فاتَّزِرِى ثم عودِي\" (^١).\n\n١٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثنى شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في لِحافٍ واحِدٍ فانسَلَلتُ فقالَ: \"ما شأْنُكِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: حِضتُ. فقالَ: \"شُدِّى عَلَيكِ إزارَكِ ثم ادخُلِى\" (^٢).\nورواه مالكٌ عن رَبيعَةَ عن عائشةَ مُرسَلًا (^٣). ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ وقَعَ ذَلِكَ لِعائشَةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ جَميعًا.\n\n١٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ - يَعنِى ابنَ موسَى - حدثنا إِسرائيلُ، عن مِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ: أكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُباشِرُكِ وأَنتِ حائضٌ؟ قالَت: وأَنا عارِكٌ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اتَّزِرِى بنتَ أبى بكرٍ\". ثم يُبَاشِرُنِى لَيلًا طَويلًا. قُلتُ: أكانَ يأكُلُ مَعكِ وأَنتِ حائضٌ؟ قالَت: إن كان لَيُناوِلُنِى العَرْقَ (^٤) فأَعَضُّ مِنه، ثم يأخُذُه فيَعَضُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٤٣) من طريق يزيد به. وينظر جامع التحصيل ص ٢٣٩. وعلل الدارقطني ١٥/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) صحح إسناده ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ١٦٧.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٥٨.\n(^٤) العرق: العظم عليه بقية اللحم. شرح أبي داود للعينى ٢/ ١٩.","vol":"2","page":414},{"text":"مَكانَ الذي عَضَضتُ مِنه. قُلتُ: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَشرَبُ مِن شَرابِكِ؟ قالَت: كان يُناوِلُنِى الإناءَ فأَشرَبُ، ثم يأْخُذُه فيَضَعُ فاه حَيثُ وضَعتُ فِىَّ فيَشرَبُ (^١).\n\n١٥١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إن كُنتُ لأشرَبُ مِنَ القَدَحِ وأَنا حائضٌ، فيَضَعُ النبيُّ - ﷺ - فاه على المَكانِ الذي شَرِبتُ مِنه، وآخُذُ العَرقَ فأَنهَشُ مِنه، فيَضَعُ فاه على المَكانِ الذي نَهَشتُ مِنه (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ ومِسعَرٍ عن المِقدامِ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ المَكِّىُّ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَّكِئُ في حَجرِى وأَنا حائضٌ ويَقرأُ القُرآنَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٥٤)، وأبو داود (٢٥٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠) من طريق المقدام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٩٤)، والدارمى (١١٠١)، والنسائي (٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٤٦) من طريق داود به.","vol":"2","page":415},{"text":"البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ زُهَيرٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^١).\n\n١٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَوْنِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ بابَنُوسَ قال: دَخَلنا على عائشةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَشَّحُنِى ويَنالُ مِن رأْسِى (^٢) وأَنا حائضٌ وعَلَىَّ الإزارُ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بَكّارٍ، حدَّثَنى مَروانُ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن حَرامِ (^٤) بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عَمِّه، أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ما يَحِلُّ لِى مِن امرأَتِى وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ قال: \"لَكَ ما فوقَ الإِزارِ\". (^٥) قال: وذكَر مؤاكَلَةَ الحائضِ أيضًا، وساقَ الحديثَ. عَمُّه عبدُ الله بنُ سَعدٍ الأنصارِىُّ. وقيل: حَرامُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٠١)، والبخاري (٢٩٧).\n(^٢) يتوشحنى: من المعانقة، وينال من رأسى: تريد القبلة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥٧٧.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤٢)، والدارمي (١٠٩٢) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٤٨٨).\n(^٤) في د: \"حزام\". وفي حاشية الأصل: هو حرام بفتح الحاء والراء المهملتين.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢١٢). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٧).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٠٨)، والترمذي (١٣٣) من طريق العلاء بن الحارث به.","vol":"2","page":416},{"text":"١٥١٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ قُسَيطٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى عمرَ قال: جاءَ نَفَرٌ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ إلى عمرَ فقالَ لَهُم عُمَرُ: أبِإِذنٍ جِئتُم؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: فما جاءَ بكُم؟ قالوا: جِئنا نَسأَلُ عن ثَلاثٍ. قال: وما هُنَّ؟ قالوا: صَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ في بَيتِه تَطَوُّعًا ما هِىَ؟ وما يَصلُحُ لِلرَّجُلِ مِن امرأَتِه وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ وعَنِ الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: أسَحَرَةٌ أنتُم؟ قالوا: لا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما نَحنُ بسَحَرَةٍ. قالَ: لَقَد سأَلتُمونِى عن ثَلاثَةِ أشياءَ ما سأَلَنِى عَنهُنَّ أحَدٌ مُنذُ سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَنهُنَّ قَبلَكُم؛ أمّا صَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ في بَيتِه نورٌ، فنَوِّرْ بَيتَكَ ما استَطَعتَ، وأَمّا الحائضُ فما فوقَ الإِزارِ ولَيسَ له ما تَحتَه، وأَمّا الغُسلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ فتُفرغُ بيَمينِكَ على يَسارِكَ، ثم تُدخِلُ يَدَكَ في الإِناءِ فتَغسِلُ فرجَكَ وما أصابَكَ، ثم تَوَضّأُ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم تُفرغ على رأسِكِ ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، تَدْلُكُ رأسَكَ كُلَّ مُرَّةٍ، ثم تَغسِلُ سائرَ جَسَدِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-376>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُصيبُ مِنَ الحائضِ ما دونَ الجِماعِ</span>\n\n١٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ٢٨٦، والضياء في المختارة (٢٦٠، ٢٦١) من طريق عبيد الله به. وقال: إسناده صحيح.","vol":"2","page":417},{"text":"ابنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن اليَهودَ كانَت إذا حاضَت مِنهُمُ المَراةُ أخرَجوها مِنَ البَيتِ، ولَم يؤاكِلوها ولَم يُشارِبوها، ولَم يُجامِعوها في البَيتِ. فسُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ﴾ إلى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [البقرة: ٢٢٢]. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"جامِعوهُنَّ في البُيوتِ، واصنَعوا كُلَّ شَيءٍ غَيرَ النِّكاحِ\". فقالَتِ اليَهودُ: ما يُريدُ هذا الرَّجُلُ أن يَدَعَ شَيئًا مِن أمرِنا إلا خالَفَنا فيهِ! فجاءَ أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضَيرٍ وعَبّادُ بنُ بشرٍ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ اليَهودَ تَقولُ كَذا وكَذا، أفَلا نَنكِحُهُنَّ في المَحيضِ؟ فتَمَعَّرَ وجهُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أن قَد وجَدَ عَلَيهِما، فخَرَجا فاستَقبَلَتهُما هَديَّةٌ مِن لَبَنٍ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فبَعَثَ في آثارِهِما فسَقاهُما، فظَنَنّا أنَّه لم يَجِدْ عَلَيهِما (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي داودَ الطيالِسِى: فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يؤاكِلوهُنَّ وأَن يُشارِبوهُنَّ وأَن يُجامِعوهُنَّ في البُيوتِ ويَفعلوا ما شاءوا إلا الجِماعَ. وذكَر الباقِىَ بمَعناه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ واحمَدُ بنُ يونُسَ وابنُ رُمحٍ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حدَّثنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢١٦٥)، وأبو داود (٢٥٨، ٢١٦٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٢).","vol":"2","page":418},{"text":"حَبيبٍ مَولَى عُروةَ، عن نُدبَةَ (^١) مَولاةِ مَيمونَةَ، عن مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُباشِرُ المَرأَةَ مِن نِسائه وهِىَ حائضٌ، إذا كان عَلَيها إزارٌ يَبلُغُ أنصافَ الفَخِذَينِ أوِ الرُّكبَتَينِ مُحتَجِزَةً بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى حَبيبٌ مَولَى عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن نُدبَةَ مَولاةَ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أخبرَته أنَّها أرسَلَتها مَيمونَةُ إلى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ في رِسالَةٍ، فدَخَلت عليه، فإِذا فِراشُه مَعزولٌ عن فِراشِ امرأَتِه، فرَجَعَت إلى مَيمونَةَ فبَلَّغَتها رِسالَتَها، ثم ذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لها. فقالَت لها مَيمونَةُ: ارجِعِى إلى امرأَتِه فسَلِيها عن ذَلِكَ. فرَجَعَتْ إلَيها فسأَلَتْها، فأَخبَرَتها أنَّها إذا طَمِثَت عَزَلَ عبدُ اللَّهِ فِراشَه عَنها. فأَرسَلَت مَيمونَةُ إلى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ فتَغَيَّظَت عليه وقالَت: أتَرغَبُ عن سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فواللهِ إن كانَتِ المَرأَةُ مِن أزواجِه لَتأْتَزِرُ بالثَّوبِ ما يَبلُغُ أنصافَ فخِذَيها، ثم يُباشِرُها بسائرِ جَسَدِه (^٣).\n\n١٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) في النسائي، وبعض نسخ المسند: \"بُدَيّة\". وهما واحد، وقال في المجتبى ١/ ١٥٥، ١٥٦: وكان الليث يقول: ندبة. وينظر سنن أبي داود عقب (٢٦٧)، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٧٢.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٢٠)، والدارمى (١٠٩٧)، وأبو داود (٢٦٧)، والنسائي (٢٨٦) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٩).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"جسدها\". والحديث أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ١٢، ١٣ (٢٠، ٢١) من طرق عن الزهري به.","vol":"2","page":419},{"text":"داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن جابرِ بنِ صُبْح (^١). قال: سَمِعتُ خِلاسًا الهَجَرِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: كُنتُ أنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَبيتُ في الشِّعارِ (^٢) الواحِدِ وأَنا حائضٌ طامِثٌ، فإِن أصابَه مِنِّى شَيءٌ غَسَلَ مَكانَه لم يَعْدُه، وإِن أصابَ - تَعنِى ثَوبَه - غَسَلَ مَكانَه ولَم يَعْدُه وصلَّى فيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ بنِ غانِمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِى ابنَ زيادٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غُرابٍ، أن عَمَّةً له حَدَّثَته أنَّها سأَلَت عائشةَ قالَت: إحدانا تَحيضُ ولَيسَ لها ولِزَوجِها إلا فِراشٌ واحِدٌ. قالَت: أُخبِرُكِ ما صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ دَخَلَ فمَضَى إلى مَسجِدِه - قال أبو داودَ: تَعنِى مَسجِدَ بَيتِه - فلَم يَنصَرِفْ حَتَى غَلَبَتنِى عَينِى وأَوجَعَه البَردُ فقالَ: \"ادنِى مِنِّى\". فقُلتُ: إنِّى حائضٌ. قال: \"وإِن، اكشِفِى عن فخِذَيكِ\". فكَشَفتُ فخِذَيَّ، فوَضَعَ خَدَّه وصَدرَه على فخِذَيَّ، وحَنَيتُ عليه حَتَّى دَفِئَ ونامَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"صبيح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٤١.\n(^٢) الشعار: الثوب الذي يستشعره الإنسان، أي: يجعله مما يلى بدنه. معالم السنن ١/ ١١٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٩، ٢١٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٧٣)، والنسائي (٢٨٣، ٧٧٢) من طرق عن يحيى بن سعيد به. صحيح أبي داود (٢٤١).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧٠). قال الذهبي ١/ ٣١٢: سنده واه.","vol":"2","page":420},{"text":"أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ (^١)، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن بَعضِ أزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أرادَ مِنَ الحائضِ شَيئًا أمَرَها فأَلقَت على فرجِها ثَوبًا ثم صَنَعَ ما أرادَ (^٢). قال أبو بكرٍ: وكُلُّ أزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - ثِقاتٌ.\n\n١٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبي مَيسَرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُباشِرُنِى في شِعارٍ واحِدٍ وأَنا حائضٌ، ولَكِنَّه كان أملَكَكُم لإِرْبِه، أو يَملِكُ إرْبَه (^٣). كَذا رواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، وتابَعَه إسرائيلُ (^٤).\nورواه شُعبَةُ فبَيَّنَ أن ذَلِكَ كان بعدَ الاتِّزارِ:\n\n١٥٢٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي مَيسَرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أتَّزِرُ وأَنا حائضٌ وأَدخُلُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في لِحافِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٢) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٢). وينظر فتح الباري ١/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٧ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٧٥)، والنسائي (٢٨٤، ٣٧١) من طرق عن أبي إسحاق به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٢٤) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤١٦)، والدارمى (١٠٨٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":421},{"text":"والأحاديثُ التي مَضَت في البابِ قبلَ هذا أصحُّ وأَبيَنُ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادَ بما عَسَى أن يَصِحَّ مِن هَذِه الأحاديثِ ما هو مُبَيَّنٌ في تِلك الأحاديثِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على شُعَيبِ بنِ الليث: أخبرَكَ أبوكَ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عِقالٍ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ أُمَ المُؤمِنينَ: ما يَحرُمُ عَلَىَّ مِن امرأَتِى وأَنا صائمٌ؟ قالَت: فرجُها. قال: فقُلتُ: ما يَحرُمُ عَلَىَّ مِن امرأَتِى إذا حاضَت؟ قالَت: فرجُها (^١).\n\n١٥٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اتَّقِ مِنَ الحائضِ مِثلَ مَوضِعِ النَّعلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-377>بابُ ما رُوِى في كَفّارَةِ مَن أتَى امرَأتَه حائضًا</span>\n\n١٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٨، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٢/ ٣٦٢ من طريق شعيب به. وابن حزم ١١/ ٣٠٤، ٣٠٥ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٧٢٧ من طريق هاشم به.","vol":"2","page":422},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الذي يأْتِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ قال: \"يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارٍ أو بنِصفِ دينارٍ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (^١)، وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ الخَفّافُ عن شُعبَةَ.\nورواه عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سليمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وحَفصُ بنُ عمرَ الحَوضِىُّ وحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٣).\nوقَد بَيَّنَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ أنَّه رَجَعَ عن رَفعِه بعدَ ما كان يَرفَعُه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٤، ٢١٦٨)، والنسائي (٢٨٩، ٣٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ص ٢٢٤ من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب القاضي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٤٣٠ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم عن أبي عوانة عن الحكم به. وفي ١/ ٤٢٩ من طريق الحجاج به. والدارمى (١١٤٦) عن أبي الوليد عن شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":423},{"text":"١٥٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، في الذي يأْتِي امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا. قال ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ: فقيلَ لِشُعبَةَ: إنَّكَ كُنتَ تَرفَعُه. قال: إنِّى كُنتُ مَجنونًا فصَحَحتُ (^١). فقَد رَجَعَ شُعبَةُ عن رَفعِ هذا الحديثِ وجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ.\n\n١٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدَّثنى مَطَرٌ الوَرَّاقُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيمَن وقَعَ على امرأَتِه وهِىَ حائضٌ، أنَّه يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ (^٢). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن مِقسَمٍ:\nوَفِى رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ دَلالَةٌ على أن الحَكَمَ لم يَسمَعْه مِن مِقسَمٍ، إنَّما سَمِعَه مِن عبدِ الحميدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ عن مِقسَمٍ.\n\n١٥٣٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أحمد عقب (٢٠٣٢) مختصرًا. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (١١٠) من طريق ابن مهدى به.\n(^٢) مشيخة ابن طهمان (٣٠)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (١٢١٣٢).","vol":"2","page":424},{"text":"سَعِيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يَتَصدَّقَ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ. ففَسَّرَه قَتادَةُ قال: إن كان واجِدًا فدينارٌ، وإِن لم يَجِدْ فنِصفُ دينارٍ (^١). لم يَسمَعْه قَتادَةُ مِن مِقسَمٍ:\n\n١٥٣١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رجلًا غَشِىَ امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ فسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، فأَمَرَه أن يَتَصدَّقَ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ (^٣). ولَم يَسمَعْه أيضًا مِن عبدِ الحَميدِ:\n\n١٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، حدَّثَنى الحكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ، أن عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ حدَّثه، أن مِقسَمًا حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رجلًا أَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فزَعَمَ أنَّه أتَى، يَعنِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأَمَرَه نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَتَصدَّقَ بدينارٍ فإِن لم يَجِدْ فنِصفُ دينارٍ (^٤). كَذا رواه حَمّادُ بنُ الجَعدِ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَكَمِ مَرفوعًا. وفِي رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ دَلالَةٌ على أن ذَلِكَ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٢) عن عبد الوهاب به دون تفسير قتادة.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عبادة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٠٤) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٢٢٩) من طريق هدبة به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣١٤: حماد ضُعِّف، والصحيح وقفه.","vol":"2","page":425},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّقَرِيُّ مَوقوفًا إلا أنَّه أسقَطَ عبدَ الحَميدِ مِن إسنادِهِ:\n\n١٥٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّقَرِىُّ، أُراه عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الحائضِ إذا وقَعَ عَلَيها. الحديث (^١).\n\n١٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: ورَوَى الأوزاعِىُّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أظُنُّه عن عمرَ بنِ الخطاب، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"آمُرُه أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بخُمُسَيْ دينارٍ\" (^٢).\nوهَذا اختِلافٌ ثالِثٌ في إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ، رواه إجازةً إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ، عن بَقيَّةَ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ بهَذا الإسناد، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أنَّه كانَت له امرأَةٌ تَكرَهُ الرِّجالَ، فكانَ كُلَّما أرادَها اعتَلَّت له بالحَيضَةِ، فظَنَّ أنَّها كاذِبَةٌ فأَتاها فوَجَدَها صادِقَةً، فأَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَه أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بخُمُسَيْ دينارٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٠١) من طريق الشقرى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٦٦).\n(^٣) إسحاق - كما في المطالب العالية (٢٤٧)، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة (١٠٦٨)، وفى المطالب: \"عن يزيد عن ابن زيد عن عمر\"، وفى الإتحاف: \"عن يزيد عن ابن يزيد عن عمر\". وعندهما: \"بخمس دينار\".","vol":"2","page":426},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه إسحاقُ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن أبيه، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ كانَت له امرأَةٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهو مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ عبدِ الحَميدِ وعُمَرَ.\n\n١٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ] (^٢) محمدِ بن عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وقَعَ الرَّجل بأَهلِه وهِىَ حائضٌ فلتتَصَدَّقْ بنِصفِ دينارِ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: رواه شَريكٌ مَرَّةً فشَكَّ في رَفعِهِ.\nورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن عليِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ وخُصَيفٍ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n١٥٣٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ بَذيمَةَ وخُصَيفٌ، عن مِقسَمٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الذي يأْتِي امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ. الحديث (^٤). خُصَيفٌ الجَزَرِىُّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق - كما في المطالب العالية (٢٤٨). قال الذهبي ١/ ٣١٤: منكر.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٣)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٢٨٧ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) هو خصيف بن عبد الرحمن الجزرى، أبو عون الحراني الخِضْرِمي الأموى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٢٨، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٠٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٥٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ١٤٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٢٤: صدوق، سيئ الحفظ خلط بأخرة.","vol":"2","page":427},{"text":"١٥٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ عبدِ الكَريمِ البَصرِيِّ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم امرأَتَه في الدَّمِ فلتتَصَدَّقْ بدينارٍ، وإِذا وطِئَها وقَد رأَتِ الطُّهرَ ولَم تَغتَسِلْ فليَتَصَدَّقْ بنِصفِ دينارٍ\" (^١). هكَذا في رِوايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ.\nورواه ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ فجَعَلَ التَّفسيرَ مِن قَولِ مِقسَمٍ:\n\n١٥٣٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يَتَصدَّقَ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ. وفَسَّرَ ذَلِكَ مِقسَمٌ فقالَ: إن غَشِيَها في الدَّمِ فدينارٌ، وإِن غَشِيَها بعدَ انقِطاعِ الدَّمِ قبلَ أن تَغتَسِلَ فنِصفُ دينارٍ (^٢).\nوقيل: عن سعيدٍ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في الذي يأْتِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ: \"يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارٍ، فإِن لم يَجِدْ فنِصفُ دينارٍ\". فسَّرَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٧٣) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجارود (١١١) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"2","page":428},{"text":"مِقسَمٌ فقالَ: إذا كان في إقبالِ الدَّمِ فدينارٌ، وإِذا كان في انقِطاعِ الدَّمِ فنِصفُ دينارٍ، وإِذا لم تَغتَسِلْ فنِصفُ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٠ - رواه أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّازىُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الذي يأْتِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ قال: \"إن كان الدَّمُ عَبيطًا (^٢) فليَتَصَدَّقْ بدينارٍ، وإِن كان في الصُّفرَةِ فنِصفُ دينارٍ\". أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ والنَّرسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى العَبسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ فوَقَفَه:\n\n١٥٤١ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\nحدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ أبو أُمَيَّةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الذي يأْتِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ قال: يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ. هذا أشبَهُ بالصَّوابِ. وعَبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ أبى المُخارِقِ أبو أُمَيَّةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٤).\nورُوِى عن أبي الحسنِ الجَزَرِىِّ عن مِقسَمٍ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ ما يوافِقُ تَفسيرَ مِقسَمٍ:\n\n١٥٤٢ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٢) الدم العبيط: هو الدم الطرى. ينظر التاج ١٩/ ٤٦٦ (ع ب ط).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (١١٥١) عن عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٤٩٨).","vol":"2","page":429},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ مُطَهَّرٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سليمانَ، عن على بنِ الحَكَمِ البُنانِيِّ، عن أبي الحسنِ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا أصابَها في الدَّمِ فدينارٌ، وإِذا أصابَها في انقِطاعِ الدَّمِ فنِصفُ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو القاسِمِ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ عَطاءٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الذي يَقَعُ على امرأَتِه وهِىَ حائضٌ قال: \"يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارٍ أو نِصفِ دينارٍ\" (^٢). ويَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٥، ٢١٦٩) وجاء في الموضع الأول: \"إذا أصابها في أول الدم. . .\". وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٨): صحيح موقوف.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٨٦ من طريق العباس بن محمد به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٣٧) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٣) هو يعقوب بن عطاء بن أبي رباح الحجازى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٩٨، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٥٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤٥٣. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٧٦: ضعيف.","vol":"2","page":430},{"text":"العَطّارُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الذي يأْتِى امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ: \"يَتَصَدَّقُ بدينارِ، فإن لم يَجِدْ فنِصفُ دينارٍ\" (^١). عَطاءٌ هو ابنُ عَجلانَ ضَعيفٌ مَتروكٌ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ عنه عن عَطاءٍ وعِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣). وَرُوِى عن عَطاءٍ وعِكرِمَةَ أنَّهُما قالا: لا شَئَ عليه؛ يَستَغفِرُ اللهَ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ: جُملَةُ هَذِه الأخبارِ مَرفوعِها ومَوقوفِها يَرجِعُ إلى عَطاءٍ العَطّارِ وعَبدِ الحَميدِ وعَبدِ الكَريمِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، وفيهِم نَظَرٌ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا، فإِن كان مَحفوظًا فهوَ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ يَصحُّ:\n\n١٥٤٥ - أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٢٣٤) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) هو عطاء بن عجلان الحنفى، أبو محمد البصري العطار. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٦، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٣٥، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٩٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٩٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٧٥. قال الذهبي ٢/ ٦٦٢: تركوه. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٢: متروك.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ٢٠٠٣ من طريق عطاء العطار به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١١٣٧، ١١٤٠).\n(^٥) عبد الحميد هو ابن عبد الرحمن بن زيد، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٤٩، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٢٧٦.","vol":"2","page":431},{"text":"الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوابِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الرَّجُلِ يأْتِى امرأَتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ قال: إن أتاها في الدَّمِ تَصدَّقَ بدينارٍ، وإِن أتاها في غَيرِ الدَّمِ تَصدَّقَ بنِصفِ دينارٍ.\nقالَ الإمامُ أحمدُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: ورَوَى عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لَيسَ عَلَيه إلا أن يَستَغفِرَ اللهَ تَعالَى (^١). والمَشهورُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ كما تَقَدَّمَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى، يَعنِى في كتابِ \"أحكام القرآن\" فيمَن أتَى امرأَتَه حائضًا أو بعدَ تَوليَةِ الدَّمِ ولَم تَغتَسِلْ: يَستَغفِرُ الله تعالَى ولا يَعودُ حَتَى تَطهُرَ وتَحِلَّ لها الصَّلاةُ، وقَد روِى فيه شَئٌ لَو كان ثابِتًا أخَذنا به، ولَكِنَّه لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-378>بابُ السِّنِّ التي وُجِدَتِ المَرأَةُ حاضَت فيها</span>\n\n١٥٤٧ - فيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ الأصَمِّ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشافعيِّ قال: أعجَلُ مَن سَمِعتُ به مِنَ النِّساءِ يَحِضنَ نِساءٌ بتِهامَةَ، يَحِضنَ لِتِسعِ سِنينَ.\n\n١٥٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قراءةً عليه، حدَّثنى أبو أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٩).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٧٢.","vol":"2","page":432},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الشُّعَيْبِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الأَرزَنانِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ طاهِرِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، حدَّثَنى جَدِّى، حدَّثنى الشافعيُّ قال: رأَيتُ بصَنعاءَ جَدَّةً بنتَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ سنةً؛ حاضَتِ ابنَةَ تِسع ووَلَدَتِ ابنَةَ عَشرٍ، وحاضَتِ البِنتُ ابنَةَ تِسعٍ ووَلَدَتِ ابنَةَ عَشرٍ.\nويُذكَرُ عن الحسنِ بنِ صالِحٍ أنَّه قال: أدرَكتُ جارَةً لَنا صارَت جَدَّةً بنتَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ سنةً (^٣). وعَن مُغيرَةَ الضَّبِّيِّ أنَّه قال: احتَلَمتُ وأَنا ابنُ اثنَتَىْ عَشرَةَ سنةً (^٣). ورُوِّينا عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: إذا بَلَغَتِ الجاريَةُ تِسعَ سِنينَ فهِىَ امرأَةٌ (^٤). تَعنِى واللهُ أعلمُ: فحاضَت فهِىَ امرأَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-379>بابُ أقَلِّ الحَيضِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ قال: قَرأْتُ على مَعقِلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أدنَى وقتِ الحَيضِ يَومٌ (^٥).\n\n١٥٥٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س، د، م: \"الشعبي\". وينظر اللباب ٢/ ٢١، ٢٢.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطت في \"الأصل\"، وذكر مثله في التاج ٣٥/ ٩١. ونص في الأنساب ١/ ١١٠ أنها بضم الزاى.\n(^٣) ذكره البخاري معلقًا قبل حديث (٢٦٦٤)، وينظر ابن حجر في التعليق ٣/ ٣٩١.\n(^٤) ذكره الترمذي ٣/ ٤١٨ تعليقا.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٨، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٥، ١٠١٦) من طريق النفيلى به.","vol":"2","page":433},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ يقولُ: عندَنا ههنا امرأَةٌ تَحيضُ غُدوَة وتَطهُرُ عَشيَّةً (^١).\n\n١٥٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: قال إسحاقُ: قال عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ: كانَتِ امرأَةٌ يُقالُ لها: أُمُّ العَلاءِ. قالَت: حَيضَتِى مُنذُ أيَّامِ الدَّهرِ يَومانِ.\n\n١٥٥٢ - قال: وقالَ إسحاقُ: وصَحَّ لَنا في زَمانِنا عن غَيرِ واحِدَةٍ أنَّها قالَت: حَيضَتِى يَومانِ. وقالَ يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ: عِندِى امرأَةٌ تَحيضُ يَومَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٣ - وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشافعيِّ أنَّه قال: رأَيتُ امرأَةً أُثبِتَ لِي أنَّها لم تَزَلْ تَحيضُ يَومًا ولا تَزيدُ عليه، وأُثبِتَ لي عن نِساءٍ أنَّهُنَّ لم يَزَلْنَ يَحِضْنَ أقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثٍ، وعَن نِساءٍ أَنَّهُنَّ لم يَزَلْنَ يَحِضْنَ خَمسَةَ عَشرَ، وعَنِ امرأَةٍ أو أكثَرَ أنها لم تَزَلْ تَحيضُ ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ، وكَيفَ زَعَمتَ أنَّه لا يَكونُ ما عَلِمنا أنه يَكونُ (^٣)؟.\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عليٍّ وشُرَيحٍ أنَّهُما جَوَّزا ثلاثَ حِيَضٍ في شَهرٍ وخَمسِ لَيالٍ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في كِتابِ العِدَدِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٤). قال الشافعيُّ: ونَحنُ نَقولُ بما رُوِىَ عن عليٍّ؛ لأنَّه موافِقٌ لما روِى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه لم يَجعَلْ لِلحَيضِ وقتًا (^٥). واحتَجَّ بحَديثِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أقبَلَتِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٩ من طريق العباس بن محمد الدورى به.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٦٤.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٥٤٩٣، ١٥٤٩٤).\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ١٧٣.","vol":"2","page":434},{"text":"الحَيضَةُ فاترُكِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا ذَهَبَ قَدرُها فاغسِلِى الدَّمَ عَنكِ وصَلِّى\".\n\n١٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا بالإجازةِ أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عنت هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: قالَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى لا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَ بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فاترُكِى الصَّلاةَ، فإِذا ذَهَبَ قَدرُها فاغسِلِى الدَّمَ عَنكِ وصَلِّى\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-380>بابُ أكثَرِ الحَيضِ</span>\n\n١٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكر ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ مَندَه، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن مُفَضَّلِ بنِ مُهَلهَلٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أكثَرُ الحَيضِ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٦ - ورواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ، عن مُفَضَّلٍ وابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أكثَرُ الحَيضِ خَمْسَ عَشرَة.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٦١، وسيأتي في (١٥٦٦، ١٥٦٧)، ومن طريق مالك في (١٥٦٨، ١٥٨٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٦).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"يوما\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الدارمي (٨٧٠) من طريق ابن إدريس به.","vol":"2","page":435},{"text":"وإِلَيه كان يَذهَبُ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سَلْمُ (^٢) بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الحسنِ قال: تَجلِسُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٨ - وبِإِسنادِه عن الرَّبيعِ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: الحَيضُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ صَبِيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: الحَيضُ [خَمسَ عَشَرَةَ] (^٥)، فإِن زادَت فهِىَ مُستَحاضَةٌ (^٦). قال: ورأَيتُ ابنَ مَهدِيٍّ يَذهَبُ في الحَيضِ إلى قَولِ عَطاءٍ. قال ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ: كانَت عندَنا امرأَةٌ حَيضَتُها خمسَ عشرةَ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٨، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٨) من طريق يحيى عن مفضل به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سلام\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ٩٩٤، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٢٠) من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٨ من طريق وكيع به. والدارمى (٨٦٠) من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"خمسة عشر\".\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٩) من طريق الربيع به.","vol":"2","page":436},{"text":"١٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سَهلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُطَرِّفٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن أخيه ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ، أنَّهُم قالوا في المَرأَةِ الحائضِ: إنَّ أكثَرَ ما تَكُفُّ عن الصَّلاةِ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وأَدرَكتُ النّاسَ وهُم يَقولونَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَنّاطُ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِىُّ، / حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ. قال عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ قال: عندَنا امرأَةٌ تَحيضُ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ مِنَ الشَّهرِ حَيضًا مُستَقيمًا صَحيحًا (^١).\n\n١٥٦٢ - قال عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا (^٢) سَعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَنّاطُ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن شَريكٍ وحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ قالا: أكثَرُ الحَيضِ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٣ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٩، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٢٣).\n(^٢) بعده في د: \"يحيى بن\".\n(^٣) في س: \"الخياط\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٩، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٢٤).","vol":"2","page":437},{"text":"حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: المُستَحاضَةُ تَنتَظِرُ ثَلاثًا، خَمسًا، سَبعًا، تِسعًا، عَشرًا، لا تُجاوِزُ (^١).\n\n١٥٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الجَلدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ قال: قال أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: قُرءُ الحائضِ خَمسٌ، سِتٌّ، سَبعٌ، ثَمانٍ، عَشرٌ، ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتَصومُ وتُصَلِّى (^٢). فهَذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بالجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، وقَد أُنكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِ.\n\n١٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: قال الشافعيُّ في حَديثِ الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ: قَد أخبرَنيه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: قَرءُ المَرأَةِ - أو قال: قَرءُ حَيضِ المَرأَةِ - ثَلاثٌ، أربَعٌ. حَتَّى انتَهَى إلى عَشرَةٍ. وَقالَ لِي ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ: الجَلدُ بنُ أيّوبَ أعرابِيٌّ لا يَعرِفُ الحديثَ (^٣). وقالَ لِي: قَدِ استُحيضَتِ امرأَةٌ مِن آلِ أنَسٍ فسُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عَنها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٤٦، وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٩٨، وابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٢١١، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٢٥، ١٠٢٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والدارمى (٨٦٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٤٦، ٤٧. وأخرجه أبو سيد الأشج في جزئه (١٥٦)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني في السنن ١/ ٢٠٩، وفى المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ٨٦٨ عن ابن علية به.\n(^٣) هو الجلد بن أيوب البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥٧، والجرح والتعديل =","vol":"2","page":438},{"text":"فأَفتَى فيها وأَنَسٌ حَيٌّ، فكَيفَ يَكونُ عِندَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ ما قُلتَ مِن عِلمِ الحَيضِ ويَحتاجونَ إلى مَسأَلَةِ غَيرِه فيما عندَه فيه عِلمٌ. قال الشافعيُّ: ونَحنُ وأَنتَ لا نُثبِتُ حَديثَ مِثلِ الجَلدِ، ويُستَدَلُّ على غَلَطِ مَن هو أحفَظُ مِنه بأَقَلَّ مِن هَذا (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَصلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: قال سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ: كان حَمّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدٍ، يُضعِّفُ الجَلدَ ويَقولُ: لم يَكُنْ يَعقِلُ الحديثَ (^٢).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: وأَمّا خَبَرُ أنَسٍ، فإِنَّ إسماعيلَ بنَ إسحاقَ أخبرَنا قال: حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: ذَهَبتُ أنا وجَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ إلى الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، فحَدَّثَنا بحَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ عن أنَسٍ في الحائضِ، فذَهَبنا نُوَقِّفُه فإِذا هو لا يَفصلُ بَينَ الحائضِ والمُستَحاضَةِ (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الدارِمىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّرِامِيَّ يقولُ: سأَلتُ\n_________\n= ٢/ ٥٤٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٨، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٢٠، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ١٣٣.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩١)، والخلافيات (١٠٢٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٦٤.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٤٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢). وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ٢٠٥ من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والدارقطني في السنن ١/ ٢١٠ من طريق حماد به.","vol":"2","page":439},{"text":"أبا عاصِمٍ عن الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ فضَعَّفَ أمرَه جِدًّا وقالَ: كان شَيخًا مِن مَشايِخِ العَرَبِ تَساهَلَ أصحابُنا في الرِّوايَةِ عَنه (^١).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ: أهلُ البَصرَةِ يُنكِرونَ حَديثَ الجَلدِ بنِ أيّوبَ ويَقولونَ: شَيخٌ مِن شُيوخِ العَرَبِ لَيسَ بصاحِبِ حَديثٍ. قال ابنُ المُبارَكِ: وأَهلُ مِصرِه (^٢) أعلمُ به مِن غَيرِهِم. قال يَعقوبُ: وسَمِعتُ سليمانَ بنَ حَربٍ وصَدَقَةَ بنَ الفَضلِ وإِسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ، وبَلَغَنِى عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، أنَّهُم يُضَعِّفونَ الجَلدَ بنَ أيُّوبَ ولا يَرَوْنَه في مَوضِعِ الحُجَّةِ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الجُنَيدِىُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا البخاريُّ قال: حدثنا عَبدانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ قال: أهلُ البَصرَةِ يُضَعِّفونَ حَديثَ الجَلدِ بنِ أيُّوبَ البَصرِيِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى صَدَقَةُ قال: كان ابنُ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: جَلدٌ! ومَن جَلدٌ؟! ومَن كان جَلدٌ (^٤)؟!\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ حَمَّادٍ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر المعرفة (٤٩٣) فيمن ضعفه، وفيه: \"ابن عاصم\" بدلًا من: \"أبى عاصم\".\n(^٢) في د، م: \"مصر\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٤٧.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥٧، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٨، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٥١.","vol":"2","page":440},{"text":"يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى ذكَر الجَلدَ بنَ أيّوبَ فقالَ: لَيسَ يَسْوَى حَديثُه شَيئًا، ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى في أقَلِّ الحَيضِ وأَكثَرِه أحاديثُ ضِعافٌ، قَد بَيَّنتُ ضَعفَها في \"الخلافيات\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-381>بابُ المُستَحاضَةِ إذا كانَت مُمَيِّزَةً</span>\n\n١٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّي امرأَةٌ أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما ذاك عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ وصَلِّى\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٨، والعلل ومعرفة الرجال (٧٧٥).\n(^٢) ينظر الخلافيات ٣/ ٣٤١ وما بعدها.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى ١/ ١٢٤. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٩٢٧) عن محمد بن عبد الوهاب به. والدارمى (٨٠١) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وتقدم في (١٥٥٤).","vol":"2","page":441},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوهَكَذا رواه في إقبالِ الحَيضِ وإِدبارِه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٣)، وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٤)، وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ (^٥)، وأبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ (^٦)، وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٧)، وعَبُد اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ (^٨)، وجَماعَةٌ كَبيرَةٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، إلا أن حَمّادًا زادَ فيه الوُضوءَ، وابنَ عُيَينَةَ زادَ فيه الاغتِسالَ بالشَّكِّ.\nورواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ الإمامُ، عن هِشامٍ وقالَ في الحديث: \"فإذا ذَهَبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٢)، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٠٨) عن أحمد بن يونس به. وابن ماجه (٦٢١) من طريق ابن أبي شيبة به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٢٢)، والترمذي (١٢٥)، والنسائي (٢١٢)، وفى الكبرى (٢١٧) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣١)، ومسلم (٣٣٣/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٥٧٥، ١٥٧٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٦٤٣). وتقدم في (٥٧٠).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٥٨٦).\n(^٦) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٦٤٥).\n(^٧) أخرجه مسلم (٣٣٣/. . .) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٨) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٥٦٩).","vol":"2","page":442},{"text":"قَدرُها فاغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ وصَلِّى\":\n\n١٥٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: قالَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى لا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَ بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فاترُكِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا ذَهَبَ قَدرُها فاغسِلِى الدَّمَ عَنكِ وصَلِّى\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢). ورواه البخاريُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ أبى رَجاءٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣)، فخالَفَهُم في مَتنِه فقالَ في الحديثِ: فقالَ: \"لا، إنّ ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، ولَكِن دَعِى الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ الأيَّامِ التي كُنتِ تَحيضينَ فيها، ثم اغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\".\nوقَد روِى عن أبي أُسامَةَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه شَكَّ فيه:\n\n١٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ياسينَ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ كَرامَةَ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ وأبو أُسامَةَ (ح) قال أبو بكرٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٦١. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٣٥٨ (٨٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي أويس به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٥٤)، وسيأتي في (١٥٨٥) من طرق أخرى عن مالك.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٢٥).","vol":"2","page":443},{"text":"حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كُناسَةَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ أتَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّى أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، ولكن دَعِى الصَّلاةَ الأيَّامَ التي كُنتِ تَحيضينَ فيها، ثم اغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\" (^١). أو كما قالَ. وأَنا أظُنُّ أن الحديثَ (^٢) على لَفظِ أبى أُسامَةَ، فقَد رُوِّينا عن غَيرِه على الَّلفظ الذي رواه الجَماعَةُ عن هِشامٍ. وقَد روِى عن أبي أُسامَةَ على اللَّفظِ الذي رواه الجَماعَةُ في إقبالِ الحَيضِ وإِدبارِهِ:\n\n١٥٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ كَرامَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذكَره وقالَ في الحديثِ: أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: \"لَيسَ ذَلِكِ بالحَيضِ، إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، فإذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\" (^٣). وهَذا أولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا؛ لِموافَقَتِه رِوايَةَ الجَماعَةِ إلا أنَّه قال: \"فاغتَسِلِى\". وقَد قالَه أيضًا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ بالشَّكِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٣٣٣/. . .) من طريق ابن نمير به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٦٦) من طريق جعفر بن عون.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحديثين\".\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٦.","vol":"2","page":444},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ عَلقَمَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ كانَت تُستَحاضُ، فقالَ لها النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ دَمَ الحَيضَةِ أسوَدُ يُعرَفُ، فإِذا كان ذَلِكَ فأمسِكِى عن الصَّلاةِ، وإِذا كان الآخَرُ فتَوَضَّئى وصَلِّى، فإنَّما هو عِرقٌ\" (^١). قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: كان ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ حدثنا به عن عائشةَ ثم تَرَكَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ، عن محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ أنَّها كانَت تُستَحاضُ فقالَ لها النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان دَمُ الحَيضَةِ فإِنَّه دَمٌ أسوَدُ يُعرَفُ، فإذا كان ذَلِكَ فأَمسِكِى عن الصَّلاةِ، فإِذا كان الآخَرُ فتَوَضَّئى وصَلِّى، فإِنَّما هو عِرقٌ\". قال ابنُ المُثَنَّى: حدثنا به ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ مِن كِتابِه هَكَذا ثم حدثنا بَعدُ حِفظًا قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ كانَت تُستَحاضُ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: قال مَكحولٌ: النِّساءُ لا يَخفَى عَلَيهِنَّ الحَيضَةُ، إنَّ دَمَها أسوَدُ غَليظٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٠٦) من طريق أحمد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢١٦، ٣٦١) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٠٩)، وأبو داود (٢٨٦، ٣٠٤) وفى الموضع الثاني دون ذكر: \"فإنما هو عرق\". وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٥، ٣٦٠) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به بالإسناد الأول دون ذكر عائشة.","vol":"2","page":445},{"text":"فإِذا ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ وصارَت صُفرَةً رَقيقَةً فإِنَّها مُستَحاضَةٌ، فلتَغتَسِلْ وتُصَلِّى (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: وقَد رُوِىَ مَعنَى ما قال مَكحولٌ عن أبي أُمامَةَ مَرفوعًا بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n١٥٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا الباغَندِىُّ محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا حَسَّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكِرمانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن العَلاءِ قال: سَمِعتُ مَكحولًا يقولُ عن أبي أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، قال: \"ودَمُ الحَيضِ أسوَدُ خاثِرٌ (^٢) تَعلوه حُمرَةٌ، ودَمُ المُستَحاضَةِ أصفَرُ رَقيقٌ، فإِن غَلَبَها فلتَحتَشِ كُرسُفًا (^٣)، فإِن غَلَبَها فلتَعلُها بأُخرَى، فإِن غَلَبَها في الصَّلاةِ فلا تَقطَعِ الصَّلاةَ وإِن قَطَرَ، ويأتيها زَوجُها وتَصومُ وتُصَلِّى\" (^٤). عبدُ المَلِكِ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٥)، والعَلاءُ هو ابنُ كَثيرٍ ضَعيفُ الحديث (^٦)، ومَكحولٌ لم يَسمَعْ مِن أبى أُمامَةَ شَيئًا واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٢٨٦).\n(^٢) الخاثر: الثخين الغليظ، وهو عكس الرقيق. ينظر اللسان ٤/ ٢٣٠ (خ ث ر).\n(^٣) الكرسف: القطن. النهاية ٤/ ١٦٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٤٠)، والمعرفة (٤٩٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٨، ومن طريقه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٤١) من طريق الباغندى به.\n(^٥) عبد الملك الكوفى ينظر الكلام عليه في ذيل ميزان الاعتدال للعراقى ص ٣٤٧، ٣٤٨.\n(^٦) هو العلاء بن كثير أبو سعد اليثى الشامى الدمشقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥١٣، ٥١٤، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٦٠، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٨١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٥٣٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٩٣: متروك.","vol":"2","page":446},{"text":"أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ عن أبي الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِىِّ الحافظِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-382>بابُ غُسلِ المُستَحاضَةِ المُمَيِّزَةِ عِندَ إدبارِ حَيضَتِها</span>\n\n١٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عمرَ (^٢)، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ كانَت تُستَحاضُ، فسأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\" (^٣) رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ هَكَذا (^٤). وكانَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ يَشُكُّ في ذِكرِ الغُسلِ فيهِ:\n\n١٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه وقالَ: \"وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\". أو قال: \"اغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ وصَلِّى\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٤١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢١٨، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٤).\n(^٢) في ص، م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٦٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٢٠).\n(^٥) الحميدي (١٩٣)، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٤٥٨، ٤٥٩، ١٢/ ١٢٥.","vol":"2","page":447},{"text":"وقَد رُوِى فيه زيادَةُ الوُضوءِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ ولَيسَت بمَحفوظَةٍ، ورواه أبو أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ وذكَر فيه الاغتِسالَ إلا أنَّه خالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في سياقِه (^١)، وفِي الخَبَرِ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه كان يَشُكُّ فيهِ.\n\n١٥٧٧ - أخبرنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، حدَّثَنى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةُ بنتُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: استُحيضَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ جَحشٍ وهِىَ تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ سَبعَ سِنينَ، واشتَكَت ذَلِكَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بالحيضَةِ، إنَّما هو عِرقٌ، فإذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغتَسِلِى ثم صَلِّى\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وكانَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ تَقعُدُ في مِركَنٍ لأُختِها زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ حَتَّى إنَّ حُمرَةَ الدَّمِ لَتَعلو الماءَ (^٢).\nذِكرُ الغُسلِ في هذا الحديثِ صَحيحٌ، وقَولُه: \"فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ - وإِذا أدبَرَت\". تَفَرَّدَ به الأوزاعِىُّ مِن بَينِ ثِقاتِ أصحابِ الزُّهرىِّ، والصَّحيحُ أن أمَّ حَبيبَةَ كانَت مُعتادَةً، وأَنَّ هَذِه اللَّفظَةَ إنَّما ذَكَرَها هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ في قِصَّةِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبي حُبَيشٍ.\nوقَد رواه بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ عن الأوزاعِيِّ كما رواه غَيرُه مِنَ الثِّقاتِ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٦٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨١٩).","vol":"2","page":448},{"text":"١٥٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى الزُّهرِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عُروَةُ وعَمرَةُ بنتُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: استُحيضَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ جَحشٍ وهِىَ تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ سَبعَ سِنينَ، فاشتَكَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَذِه لَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، ولَكِن هذا عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلِى ثم صَلِّى\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وكانَت تَغتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ ثم تُصَلِّى، وكانَت تَقعُدُ في مِركَنٍ لأُختِها زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ حَتَّى إنَّ حُمرَةَ الدَّمِ لَتَعلو الماءَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-383>بابُ صَلاةِ المُستَحاضَةِ واعتِكافِها في حالِ استِحاضَتِها، والإِباحَةِ لِزَوجِها أن ياتيَها</span>\n\n١٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: اعتَكَفَتْ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - امرأَةٌ مِن أزواجِه مُستَحاضَةٌ، وكانَت تَرَى الحُمرَةَ والصُّفرَةَ، فربما وضَعنا الطَّستَ تَحتَها وهىَ تُصَلِّى (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٩٣١)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٧٤٠)، والطوسي في مختصر الأحكام (١٠٩) من طريق بشر بن بكر به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٠) من طريق عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٤٧٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٦) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١٠، ٢٠٣٧).","vol":"2","page":449},{"text":"١٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، قالا: حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ يَعنِى الحَذّاءَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اعتَكَفَ فاعتَكَفَ معه بَعضُ نِسائه وهِىَ مُستَحاضَةٌ تَرَى الدَّمَ، فربما وضَعَتِ الطَّستَ تَحتَها مِنَ الدَّمِ. وزَعَمَ أن عائشةَ رأَت ماءَ العُصفُرِ فقالَت: كأَنَّ هذا شَيءٌ كانَت فُلانَةُ تَجِدُه (^١). لَفظُ وهبٍ، وحَديثُ إسحاقَ مِثلُه سَواءً، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، عن الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كانَت أُمُّ حَبيبةَ تُستَحاضُ وكانَ زَوجُها يَغشاها (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبي سُرَيجٍ الرَّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى قَيسٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن حَمنَةَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، أنَّها كانَت مُستَحاضَةً وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجته بيبى بنت عبد الصمد في جزئها (٨٠) - ومن طريقها ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤١/ ٧٤ - من طريق إسحاق بن شاهين به. والدارمي (٩٠٦) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٩). قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٢٢: هو مرسل.","vol":"2","page":450},{"text":"زَوجُها يُجامِعُها (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه أباحَ وطأَها (^٢). وهو قَولُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ والحَسَنِ وعَطاءٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وغَيرِهِم (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: سأَلتُ أبى عن وطءِ المُستَحاضَةِ، فقالَ: حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن غَيلانَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن قَميرَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: المُستَحاضَةُ لا يَغشاها زَوجُها. قال أبى: ورأَيتُ في كِتابِ الأشجَعِيِّ كما رواه وكيعٌ. ورواه غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ أنَّه قال: المُستَحاضَةُ لا يَغشاها زَوجُها (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ ففَصَلَ قَولَ الشَّعبِيِّ مِن قَولِ عائشةَ:\n\n١٥٨٤ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٠). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٨، ١١٨٩)، والدارمى (٨٤٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٠٣، ٨٠٤).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٨٤ - ١١٨٧، ١١٩٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١٢٩، ١٧١٣٢، ١٧١٣٣)، ومسند الدارمي (٨٤٦ - ٨٤٨، ٨٥٠، ٨٥١، ٨٥٣)، والمصاحف لابن أبي داود ص ١٨٨.\n(^٤) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٧٠، وأحمد في العلل في معرفة الرجال ٣/ ٣٠٤ (٥٣٥١).","vol":"2","page":451},{"text":"أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن قَميرَ امرأَةِ مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: المُستَحاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ حَيضَتِها ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^١). قال: وقالَ الشَّعبِىُّ: لا تَصومُ ولا يَغشاها زَوجُها (^٢). فَعادَ الكَلامُ في غِشيانِها إلى قَولِ الشَّعبِيِّ كما قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ. وتَرَكناه بما مَضَى مِنَ الدَّلالَةِ على إباحَةِ وطئِها إذا تَوَلَّى حَيضُها واغتَسَلَت.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-384>بابٌ: في الاستِظهارِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ احمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وإِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى لا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَ بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَت فاترُكِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا ذَهَبَ قَدرُها فاغسِلِي عَنكِ الدَّمَ وصَلِّى\" (^٣). واللَّفظُ لإِسماعيلَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشِّيرازِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٥، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١٢٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٦١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٣)، وابن حبان (١٣٥٠) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٦).","vol":"2","page":452},{"text":"حدثنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^١) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعُ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ (^٢) ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشِ جاءَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغسِلِى الدَّمَ عَنكِ ثم صَلِّى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وحَديثُ مُحاضِرٍ بمَعناه، رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٧ - أخبرنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن عِراكٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها قالَت: إنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الدَّمِ، فقالَت عائشَةُ: رأَيتُ مِركَنَها مِلءَ دَمٍ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"امكُثِى قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحبِسُكِ حَيضَتُكِ ثم اغتَسِلِى\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"داسة ثنا\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣٣/. . .).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٦)، وأبو داود (٢٧٩)، وعنده: \"ملآن دما\".\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٥).","vol":"2","page":453},{"text":"فجَعَلَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيهِما جَميعًا؛ إذا أدبَرَت حَيضتُها، أو مَضَى قَدرُ ما كانَت حَيضَتُها تَحبِسُها، في حُكمِ الطّاهِراتِ، ولَم يأمُرْ بالاستِظهارِ (^١). وقَد رُوِى في حَديثٍ ضعيفٍ ما يوهِمُ أن يَكونَ فيه:\n\n١٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ يَعنِى محمدًا، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عيَّاشٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ، عن أبيه، أن ابنَةَ مَرثَدٍ الأنصاريَّةَ أتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: تَنَكَّرتُ حَيضَتِى. قال: \"كَيفَ؟ \". قالَت: تأخُذُنِى فإِذا تَطَهَّرتُ مِنها عاوَدَتنى. قالَ: \"إذا رأَيتِ ذَلِكَ فامكُثِى ثَلاثًا\" (^٢). قال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ: الخَبَرُ واهٍ، ويَحْتَمِلُ أنَّه قال؛ لأنَّ الطُّهرَ كَثيرًا يَقَعُ في وسَطِ الحَيضِ فيَكونُ حَيضًا بعدَ ذَلِكَ.\nقال الشيخُ: حَرامُ بنُ عثمانَ ضَعيفٌ لا تَقومُ بمثلِه الحُجَّةُ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىَّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أن القَعقاعَ بنَ حَكيمٍ أخبرَه، أنَّه سألَ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن المُستَحاضَةِ فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى، ما أحَدٌ أعلمَ بهَذا مِنِّى،\n_________\n(^١) كذا جاءت في الأصل هنا وفي أول الباب. وفى غيرها \"الاستطهار\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٥٥٧) من طريق حرام به.\n(^٣) هو حرام بن عثمان السلمى الأنصاري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٠١، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ١/ ٣٢٠، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٨٥٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٩، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٦٨.","vol":"2","page":454},{"text":"إذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فلتَدَعِ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فلتَغتَسِلْ ثم لتُصَلِّى (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-385>بابُ المُعتادَةِ لا تُمَيِّزُ بَينَ الدَّمَينِ</span>\n\n١٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِى ابنَ بكرِ بنِ مُضَرَ، عن أبيه، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: إنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ التي كانَت تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ شَكَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الدَّمَ فقالَ لها: \"امكُثِى قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحبِسُكِ حَيضَتُكِ ثم اغتَسِلِى\". وكانَت تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ قُرَيشٍ التَّميمِىِّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ بَكرٍ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (٨١٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٦٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٢٨٦)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٤٧١ عن حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤) بدون ذكر أبى بكر وأبى سعيد، وفى الخلافيات (١٠١١) عن الحاكم به. وأبو عوانة (٩٣٨)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٧٥٥) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٥).","vol":"2","page":455},{"text":"١٥٩١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن اللَّيثِ، عن يَزيدَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الدَّمِ، قالَت عائشَةُ: لَقَد رأَيتُ مِركِنَها مَملوءًا دَمًا. فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"امكُثِى قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحبسُكِ حَيضَتُكِ ثم اغتَسِلِى\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢). ورواه الزُهرِيُّ عن عُروةَ مُختَصَرًا:\n\n١٥٩٢ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصّفَّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: استَفتَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ جَحشٍ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّى أُستَحاضُ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلي ثم صَلِّي\". فكانَت تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤)، وهَكَذا رواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٩)، والنسائي (٢٠٧، ٣٥١) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٥٨٥٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٩)، والنسائي (٢٠٦، ٣٥٠) عن قتيبة به. وأبو داود (٢٩٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٣).","vol":"2","page":456},{"text":"جَماعَةٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ.\nورواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ، فخالَفَهُم في الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا:\n\n١٥٩٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى صالِحٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ، أنَّها أمَرَت أسماءَ - أو أسماءُ حَدَّثَتنِى، أنَّها أمَرَتها فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ - أن تَسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَها أن تَقعُدَ الأيَّامَ التي كانَت تَقعُدُ ثم تَغتَسِلُ (^١). هَكَذا رواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن سُهَيلٍ. ورواه خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُهَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن أسماءَ في شأنِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ فذكَر قِصَّةً في كَيفيَّةِ غُسلِها إذا رأَتِ الصَّفارَةَ فوقَ الماءِ (^٢). ورواه محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن فاطِمَةَ. فذكَر استِحاضَتَها وأَمْرَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إيّاها بالإِمساكِ عن الصَّلاةِ إذا رأَتِ الدَّمَ الأسوَدَ (^٣). وفيه وفِي رِوايَةِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ (^٤) دِلالَةٌ على أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٠، وشرح المشكل (٢٧٣٠) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٧٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٨٦).","vol":"2","page":457},{"text":"حُبَيشٍ كانَت تُمَيِّزُ بَينَ الدَّمَينِ، ورِوايَةُ سُهَيلٍ فيها نَظَرٌ، وفِي إسنادِ حَديثِه ثم في الرِّوايَةِ الثّانيَةِ عنه دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه لم يَحفَظْها كما يَنبَغِى.\n\n١٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبي حُبَيشٍ حَدَّثَته، أنَّها أتَتْ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فشَكَت إلَيه الدَّمَ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، فانظُرِى إذا أتاكِ قُرْؤُكِ فلا تُصَلِّى، فإِذا مَرَّ القُرءُ فتَطَهَّرِى، ثم صَلِّى ما بَينَ القَرءِ إلى القَرءِ\" (^١). وفِي هذا ما دَلَّ على أنَّه لم يَحفَظْه، وهو سَماعُ عُروةَ مِن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ، فقَد بَيَّنَ هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ أن أباه إنَّما سمِع قِصَّةَ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبي حُبَيشٍ مِن عائشةَ، ورِوايَتُه في الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا أصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ المُنذِرِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ. قال أبو داودَ: ورواه قَتادَةُ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ استُحيضَت فأَمَرَها النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن تَدَعَ الصَّلاةَ أيَّامَ أقرائِها ثم تَغتَسِلَ وتُصَلِّىَ. قال أبو داودَ: وقَتادَةُ لم يَسمَعْ مِن عُروةَ شَيئًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَةُ عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ في شَأْنِ أُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٦٠، ٢٧٦٣٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٢٠). قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٢٤: والمنذر هذا مجهول.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٨١).","vol":"2","page":458},{"text":"حَبيبَةَ (^١) أصَحُّ مِن هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ، أمّا رِوايَةُ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ في شأنِ فاطِمَةَ فإِنَّها ضَعيفَةٌ، وسَيَرِدُ بَيانُ ضَعفِها إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ الكاتِبِ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن فاطِمَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى. وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ أبو عَقيلٍ، عن بُهَيَّةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ امرأَةً تَسأَلُ عائشةَ، يَعنِى عن سَبَبِ حَيضِها، لا تَدرِى كَيفَ تُصَلِّى، فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لاِمرأَةٍ فسَدَ حَيضُها وأُهْريقَت دَمًا ولا تَدرِى كَيفَ تُصَلِّى. قالَت: فأَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن آمُرَها: \"فلتَنظُرْ قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحيضُ في كُلِّ شَهرٍ وحَيضُها مُستَقيمٌ فلتَعُدَّ (^٤) \". وفِي حَديثِ إسماعيلَ: \"فلتَقعُدْ وتُقَدِّرْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأيّامِ واللَّيالِى، ثم لتَدَعِ الصَّلاةَ فيهِنَّ بقَدرِهِنَّ، ثم لتَغتَسِلْ وتُحسِنْ طُهرَها، ثم تَستَذفِرْ (^٥) بثَوبٍ ثم تُصلِّى، فإِنِّى أرجو أن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٨٧، ١٥٩٠).\n(^٢) سيأتي عقب (١٦٤٦).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٦٨٠ - ١٦٨٢).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فلتعتد\".\n(^٥) في س: \"تستثفر\". وهما بمعنًى، والاستذفار هو أن تشد فرجها بخرقة لتمنع سيلان الدم. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٢٣.","vol":"2","page":459},{"text":"يَكونَ هذا مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، وأَن يُذهِبَها اللهُ تعالَى عَنها إن شاءَ اللهُ تعالَى\". قالَت: فأَمَرْتُها ففَعَلَت فأَذهَبَها اللهُ عَنها، فمُرِى صاحِبَتَكِ بذَلِكِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَلِيٍّ.\n\n١٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فاستَفتَت لها أُمُّ سلمةَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لِتَنظُرْ عَدَدَ اللَّيالِى والأيّامِ التي كانَت تَحيضُهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهرِ قبلَ أن يُصيبَها الذي أصابَها، فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّهرِ، فإِذا خَلَّفَت ذَلِكَ فلتَغتَسِلْ وتَستَثفِرْ بثَوبٍ ثم لْتُصَلِّى\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشافعيِّ. هذا حَديثٌ مَشهورٌ أودَعَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ \"الموطأ\"، وأَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣) إلا أن سليمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ لم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٦٢٤) من طريق أبى عقيل به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٢٥: يحيى بن المتوكل ضعفوه. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠. وسيأتي في (١٦٤٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٢)، والمعرفة (٤٧٣) من طريق أبى العباس عن الربيع به، والشافعي في الأم ١/ ٦٠، ٧/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧١٦)، والنسائي (٢٠٨، ٣٥٣) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٦٢، وأبو داود (٢٧٤). ينظر جامع التحصيل ص ١٩٠. وانظر صحيح أبي داود ١/ ٥٢، ٥٣.","vol":"2","page":460},{"text":"يَسمَعْه مِن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ:\n\n١٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ الأهوازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رجلًا أخبرَه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن امرأةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فاستَفتَت لها أُمُّ سلمةَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِتَنظُرْ عَدَدَ الأيّامِ واللّيالِى التي كانَت تَحيضُهُنَّ قبلَ أن يَكونَ بها الذي كان وقَدرَهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهرِ فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ لِذَلِكَ، فإِذا خَلَّفَت ذَلِكَ وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلتَغتَسِلْ وتَستَثفِرْ بثَوبٍ وتُصَلِّى\" (^١). تابَعَه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ وصَخرُ بنُ جوَيريَةَ وجوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ:\n\n١٥٩٨ - أمّا حَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: فأَخبَرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا أنَسٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عياضٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رجلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ. فذكَر مَعنَى حَديثِ اللَّيثِ وقالَ: \"فإِذا خَلَّفَتْهُنَّ وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلتَغتَسِلْ\". وساقَ مَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٩ - وأَمّا حَديثُ إسماعيلَ فأَخبَرناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٥)، والدارمى (٨٠٧) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦).","vol":"2","page":461},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ أبى عَبَّادٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رجلًا أخبرَه عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدِّماءَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت لها أُمُّ سلمةَ، سَلِى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: \"لِتَنظُرْ عَدَدَ الأيّامِ واللَّيالِى [التي كانَت تَحيضُهُنَّ] (^١) قبلَ أن يَكونَ بها الذي كان وقَدرَهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهرِ، فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ ولتَغتَسِلْ، ثم لتَستَثفِرْ [في ثَوبِها] (^٢) ثم تُصَلِّى\".\n\n١٦٠٠ - وأَمَّا حَديثُ صَخرٍ، فأَخبَرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا صخرُ بنُ جوَيريَةَ، عن نافِعٍ بإِسنادِ اللَّيثِ ومَعناه، وقالَ: \"فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ، ثم إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلتَغتَسِلْ ولتَستَثفِرْ بثَوبٍ ثم تُصَلِّى\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٠١ - وأَمّا حَديثُ جوَيريَةَ بنِ أسماءِ: فأَخبَرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدَّثَنى جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه أخبرَه سليمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أن رجلًا أخبرَه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فاستَفتَت\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فإذا ذهب قدرها فلتغتسل\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بثوبها\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٧). وفى الأصل: \"تستذفر\" بدل \"لتستثفر\".","vol":"2","page":462},{"text":"لها أُمُّ سلمةَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لِتَنظُرْ عِدَّةَ اللَّيالِى والأيَّامِ التي كانَت تَحيضُهُن قبلَ أن يَكونَ بها الذي كان وقَدرَهُنَّ مِنَ الأشهُرِ، فتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ، فإِذا خَلَّفَت ذَلِكَ وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلتَغتَسِلْ، ولتَستَذفِرْ بثَوبٍ ثم تُصَلِّى\".\nوروِى عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن مَرجانَةَ عن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ:\n\n١٦٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ نِزارٍ الأيلِىُّ - وكانَ ثِقَةً - حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ - وهو ثَبَتٌ في الحديث - حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ - وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ وكانَ مالكٌ يُملِى عليه - حدثنا نافِعٌ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن مَرجانَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، [أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ، وأَنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ] (^١) سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال: \"لِتَنظُرْ عَدَدَ الأيَّامِ واللَّيالِى التي كانَت تَحِيضُهُنَّ قبلَ أن يَكونَ لها الذي كان، وقَدرَهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهرِ، فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ، فإِذا ذَهَبَ قَدرُها فلتَغتَسِلْ ولَتَستَذفِرْ بثَوبِها وتُصَلِّى\" (^٢).\nورواه أيُّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، إلا أنَّه سَمَّى المُستَحاضَةَ في الحديثِ فقالَ: فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٩٣ (٦٤٩) من طريق خالد بن نزار به، وفيه: ابن مرجانة. وإسحاق بن راهويه (١٨٤٥) من طريق موسى بن عقبة دون ذكر مرجانة.","vol":"2","page":463},{"text":"١٦٠٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ استُحيضَت فكانَت تَغتَسِلُ مِن مِركَنٍ لها، فتَخرُجُ وهِىَ غالبةُ (^١) الصُّفرَةِ، فاستَفتَت لها أُمُّ سلمةَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"لِتَنظُرْ أيّامَ قُرئِها وأَيّامَ حَيضِها، فتَدَعَ فيها الصَّلاةَ، وتَغتَسِلُ فيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ، وتَستَذفِرُ بثَوبٍ وتُصَلِّى\" (^٢).\nورواه حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ وقالَ: فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبي حُبَيشٍ (^٣). وحَديثُ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ في شأنِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ (^٤) أصَحُّ مِن هَذا. وفيه دِلالَةٌ على أن المَرأَةَ التي استَفتَت لها أُمُّ سلمةَ غَيرُها، ويحتَمِلُ إن كانَت تَسميَتُها صَحيحَةً في حَديثِ أُمِّ سلمةَ أن كانَت لها حالَتانِ في مُدَّةِ استِحاضَتِها؛ حالَةٌ تُمَيِّزُ فيها بَينَ الدَّمَينِ، فأَفتاها بتَركِ الصَّلاةِ عِندَ إقبالِ الحَيضِ وبِالصَّلاةِ عِندَ إدبارِه، وحالَةٌ لا تُمَيِّزُ فيها بَينَ الدَّمَينِ، فأَمَرَها بالرُّجوعِ إلى العادَةِ، ويَحتمِلُ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nورُوِىَ عن أبي سلمةَ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ دونَ التَّسميَةِ:\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"عالية\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٤٠) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٧٨) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٨، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٤٥٤ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٨٦).","vol":"2","page":464},{"text":"١٦٠٤ - أَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال في المُستَحاضَةِ: \"تَنظُرُ عَدَدَ اللَّيالِى والأيّامِ التي كانَت تَحِيضُهُنَّ ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى\" (^١).\n\n١٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا وَهبانُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قالَت: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المُستَحاضَةِ فقالَ: \"تَقعُدُ أيّامَ أقرائِها ثم تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ طُهرٍ ثم تَحتَشِى ثم تُصَلِّى\" (^٢). وهَكَذا رواه قَطَنُ بنُ نُسَيرٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ سليمانَ فقالَ في الحديث: إنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ سأَلَت (^٣). ولا يُعرَفُ إلا مِن جِهَةِ جَعفَرِ بنِ سليمانَ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: ورَوَى العَلاءُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، أن سَودَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٩٣)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٦٥ (٥٥٩)، والحاكم ٤/ ٥٦ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٩٦٠، ٧٨١٨)، وفي الصغير (٢٢٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢١٩، والحاكم ٤/ ٥٥، ٥٦ من طريق وهبان بن بقية به، وعند الحاكم: \"تقعد أيام أقرائها ثم تغتسل وتصلى عند طهرها\". وينظر ما سيأتي (١٦٨٤).\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٦٨٣).","vol":"2","page":465},{"text":"استُحيضَت، فأَمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا مَضَت أيَّامُها اغتَسَلَت وصَلَّت (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: وهَذا فيما رواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن العُطارِدِيِّ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، عن العَلاءِ (^٢) أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ. قالَ أبو داودَ (^٣): ورَوَى سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ: المُستَحاضَةُ تَجلِسُ أيّامَ قُرئِها. وكَذَلِكَ رواه الشَّعبِيُّ عن قَميرَ امرأةِ مَسروقٍ عن عائشَةَ. وهو قَولُ الحسنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ وعَطاءٍ ومَكحولٍ وإِبراهيمَ وسالِمٍ والقاسِمِ، أن المُستَحاضَةَ تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيَّامَ أقرائها.\n\n١٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ وأبو النَّضرِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ ومُجالِدٍ وبَيانٍ، قال ابنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ في حَديثِه: إنَّهُم سَمِعوا الشَّعبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن قَميرَ امرأَةِ مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: المُستَحاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيَّامَ حَيضِها ثم تَغتَسِلُ ثم تَوَضّأُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ وُضوءًا (^٤).\n\n١٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٢٨١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٥٧)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٩١٨٤) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٢٨١).\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨١) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٥٩)، والدارمى (٨١٧، ٨٢٦) من طريق مجالد به. تقدم في (١٥٨٤).","vol":"2","page":466},{"text":"يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، حدثنا سليمانُ يَعنِى التَّيمِيَّ، عن طَلْقٍ يَعنِى ابنَ حَبيبٍ قال: كَتَبَتِ امرأَةٌ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ في الدَّمِ مُنذُ سَنَتَينِ، فكَتَبَت إلَيه تُعَظِّمُ عليه إن كان عندَه عِلمٌ إلا أنبأَها به فقالَ: تَجلِسُ وقتَ أقرائِها ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى، فما أتَى عَلَيها شَهرانِ حَتَّى طَهَرَت (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-386>بابٌ: الصُّفرَةُ والكُدرَةُ في أيّامِ الحَيضِ حَيضٌ</span>\n\n١٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبي عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه مَولاةِ عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: كان النِّساءُ يَبعَثنَ إلى عائشةَ بالدِّرَجَةِ (^٢) فيها الكُرسُفُ فيه الصُّفرَةُ مِن دَمِ الحَيضِ، فتَقولُ: لا تَعَجَلنَّ حَتَّى تَرَينَ القَصَّةَ البَيضاءَ (^٣). تُريدُ بذَلِكَ: أىِ الطُّهرَ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ. قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ: الكُرسُفُ القُطنُ.\n\n١٦١٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال مالكٌ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَمَّتِه، أنَّها حَدَّثَته عن ابنَةِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّه بَلَغَها أن نِساءً كُنَّ يَدْعُونَ بالمَصابيحِ مِن جَوفِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٨، ١١٧٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٩٩، ١٠٠، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ١/ ١٥٩ (٥٤، ٥٥) من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) قال ابن الأثير: هكذا يروى بكسر الدال وفتح الراء، جمع دُرْج، وهو وعاء تضع فيه المرأة خف متاعها. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١١١، والقاموس المحيط ١/ ١٩٤ (د ر ج).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٧) من طريق ابن بكير به. وأخرجه مالك ١/ ٥٩، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨١٤)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٣٢٩). وعلقه البخاري عقب (٣١٩).","vol":"2","page":467},{"text":"اللَّيلِ ليَنظُرنَ إلى الطُّهرِ به، فكانَت تَعيبُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِنَّ وتَقولُ: ما كان النِّساءُ يَصنَعنَ هَذا (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى هذا على وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها كانَت تَنهَى النِّساءَ أن يَنظُرنَ إلى أنفُسِهِنَّ لَيلًا في الحَيضِ، وتَقولُ: إنَّها قَد تكونُ الصُّفرَةُ والكُدرَةُ (^٢).\nوَقَد رُوِى على وجهٍ ثالِثٍ:\n\n١٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٣) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن صاحِبَتِه فاطِمَةَ بنتِ محمدٍ وكانَت في حَجرِ عَمْرَةَ قالَت: أرسَلَتِ امرأَةٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ إلى عَمْرَةَ كُرسُفَةَ قُطْنٍ فيها - أظُنُّه أرادَ الصُّفرَةَ - تَسأَلُها: هَل تَرَىْ إذا لم تَرَ المَرأَةُ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ إلا هذا طَهَرَت؟ قالَت: لا، حَتَّى تَرَى البَياضَ خالِصًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٥٩، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠١٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٠١)، والدارمى (٨٨٥) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٤٩٦، والدارمى (٨٨٨) عن يعلى بن عبيد به.","vol":"2","page":468},{"text":"وَقيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بَكرٍ:\n\n١٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ. قال: وأَخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن فاطِمَةَ، عن أسماءَ قالَت (^١): كُنّا في حَجرِها مَعَ بَناتِ أخيها، فكانَت إحدانا تَطهُرُ ثم تُصَلِّى، ثم تَنتَكِسُ بالصُّفرَةِ اليَسيرَةِ فتسأَلُها فتَقولُ: اعتَزِلنَ الصَّلاةَ ما رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَرَينَ البَياضَ خالِصًا (^٢).\n\n١٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا أشعَثُ، عن الحسنِ قال: إذا رأَتِ المَرأَةُ التَّريئَةَ فإِنَّها تُمسِكُ عن الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّها حَيضٌ (^٣).\n\n١٦١٥ - قال: وأَخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى، في أبى سلمةَ قال: إذا رأَتِ المَرأَةُ التَّريئَةَ فلتَنظُرِ الأيّامَ التي كانَت تَحيضُ فيهِنَّ ولا تُصَلِّى فيهِنَّ.\n_________\n(^١) أي: فاطمة.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (١٠١٣). وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨١٦) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وإسحاق بن راهويه (٢٢٥٩)، والدارمى (٨٨٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٨٩٧) بلفظ: ليس في الترية شيء بعد الغسل إلا الطهور. وينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٠٨)، وسيأتي كلام المصنف عن التريئة عقب الأثر التالى.","vol":"2","page":469},{"text":"الصَّوابُ التَّريَّةُ وهو الشَّيءُ الخَفِىُّ اليَسيرُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-387>بابُ الصُّفرَةِ والكُدرَةِ تَراهُما بعدَ الطُّهرِ</span>\n\n١٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: كُنّا لا نَعُدُّ الكُدرَةَ والصُّفرَةَ شَيئًا (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: كُنّا لا نَعُدُّ الصُّفرَةَ والكُدرَةَ بعدَ الطُّهرِ شَيئًا.\n\n١٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أُمِّ الهُذَيلِ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ - وكانَت بايَعَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كُنّا لا نَعُدُّ الكُدرَةَ والصُّفرَةَ بعدَ الطُّهرِ شَيئًا. قال أبو داودَ: أُمُّ الهُذَيلِ هِىَ حَفصَةُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: وكَذَلِكَ رواه حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وغَيرُه عن حَمَّادِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٨) عن مسدد به. والدارمى (٨٩٣)، والنسائي (٣٦٦) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٢٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٠).","vol":"2","page":470},{"text":"ابنِ سلمةَ (^١)، ورواه أيضًا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢)\nورُوِى عن عائشةَ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ لا يَسوَى ذِكرَه:\n\n١٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الطَّيِّببِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُبارَكِ الحَنّاطُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أشرَسَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سليمانَ الزَّيّاتُ العَبدِىُّ، عن بَحرٍ السَّقّاءِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: ما كُنّا نَعُدُّ الكُدرَةَ والصُّفرَةَ شَيئًا ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\nورُوِى مَعناه عن عائشةَ بإِسنادٍ أمثَلَ مِن ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنى ابنَ راشِدٍ، عن سليمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ موسَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: إذا رأَتِ المَرأَةُ الدَّمَ فلتُمسِكْ عن الصلاةِ حَتَّى تَراه أبيَضَ كالقَصَّةِ، فإِذا رأَت ذَلِكَ فلتَغتَسِلْ ولتُصَلِّ، فإِذا رأَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ صُفرَةً أو كُدرَةً فلتَتَوَضّأْ ولتُصَلِّ، فإِذا رأَت دَمًا أحمَرَ فلتَغتَسِلْ ولتُصَلِّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (٩٠٠)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ٢/ ٢٣٦ (٨١٩)، والطبراني ٢٥/ ٦٣ (١٥١)، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٤ من طريق حجاج به، وصححه الحاكم، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٥/ ٦٤ (١٥٢) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٨٩١) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٢٩: إسناده صالح مع نكارته.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":471},{"text":"أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سلَّامٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، أن أُمَّ أبى بكرٍ حَدَّثَته، أن عائشةَ أخبرَتها أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في المَرأَةِ التي (^١) تَرَى ما يَريبُها بعدَ الطُّهرِ قال: \"إنَّما هِىَ عِرقٌ\". أو: \"إنَّما هِىَ عُروقٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سابِقٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أُمِّ أبي بكرٍ، أنَّها أخبرَته أن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، المَرأَةُ التي (١) تَرَى الشَّيءَ مِنَ الدَّمِ تَراها بعدَ الطُّهرِ. قال: \"إنَّما هِىَ عِرقٌ\". أو: \"عُروقٌ\" (^٣).\nوهَذا يَحتمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به الصُّفرَةَ، ويَحتمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به إذا جاوَز خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-388>بابُ ما روِى في الصُّفرَةِ إذا رُئيَت في غَيرِ أيّامِ العادَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ليست في: د.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٢٨)، وأبو داود (٢٩٣) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٦) من طريق شيبان به.","vol":"2","page":472},{"text":"مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ رُوَيبَةَ، عن أُختِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: إن كانَت إحدانا لَتَبقَى صُفرَتُها حينَ تَغتَسِلُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-389>بابُ المُبتَدِئَةِ لا تُمَيِّزُ بَينَ الدَّمَينِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٤ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن عَمِّه عِمرانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن أُمِّه حَمنَةَ بنتِ جَحشٍ قالَت: كُنتُ أُستَحاضُ حَيضَةً كَثيرَةً شَديدَةً، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أستَفتيه وأُخبِرُه، فوَجَدتُه في بَيتِ أُختِى زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى امرأةٌ أُستَحاضُ حَيضَةً كَثيرَةً شَديدَةً فما تَرَى فيها؟ قَد مَنَعَتنِى الصَّلاةَ والصَّومَ. قالَ: \"أنعَتُ لَكِ الكُرسُفَ، فإِنَّه يُذهِبُ الدَّمَ\". قالَت: هو أكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"فاتَّخِذِى ثَوبًا\". قالَت: هو أكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ، إنَّما أثُجُّ ثَجًّا. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"سآمُرُكِ. بأَمرَينِ أيَّهُما فَعَلتِ أجزأَ عَنكِ مِنَ الآخَرِ، فإن قَوِيتِ عَلَيهِما فأَنتِ أعلمُ\". فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هَذِه رَكضَةٌ مِن رَكَضاتِ الشَّيطانِ فتَحَيَّضِي سِتَّةَ أو سَبعَةَ أيَّامٍ في عِلمِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ثم اغتَسلِى حَتَّى إذا رأَيتِ أنَّكِ قَد طَهَرتِ واستَنْقَأْتِ فصَلِّى ثَلاثًا وعِشرينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٢١٩٠) عن عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل به.","vol":"2","page":473},{"text":"لَيلَةً أو أربَعًا وعِشرينَ لَيلَةً وأَيَّامَها، فإنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجزِئُكِ، وكَذَلِكَ فافعَلِى كُلَّ شَهرٍ كما تَحيضُ النِّساءُ وكما يَطهُرنَ ميقاتَ حَيضِهِنَّ وطُهرِهِنَّ، وإِن قَوِيتِ على أن تُؤَخِّرِى الظُّهرَ وتُعَجِّلِى العَصرَ فتَغتَسِلينَ فتَجمَعينَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وتُؤَخِّرينَ المَغرِبَ وتُعَجِّلينَ العِشاءَ ثم تَغتَسِلينَ وتَجمَعينَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ فافعَلِى، وصومِى إن قَدَرتِ على ذَلِكَ\". قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وهَذا أعجَبُ الأمرَينِ إلَيَّ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، إلا أنَّه زادَ عِندَ قَولِه: \"أو أربَعًا وعِشرينَ لَيلَةً وأَيَّامَها\": \"وصومِى\". وزادَ أيضًا: \"وتَغتَسِلينَ مَعَ الفَجرِ فافعَلِى، وصومِى إن قَدَرتِ على ذَلِكَ\" (^٢). قالَ أبو داودَ: رواه عمرُو بنُ ثابِتٍ عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ قال: قالَت حَمنَةُ: فقُلتُ: هذا أعجَبُ الأمرَينِ إلَىَّ. لم يَجعَلْه كَلامَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وجَعَلَه كَلامَ حَمنَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠١٣، ١٠١٤)، وفي الصغرى (١٦٩)، والمعرفة (٤٧٩) بالإسناد الأول، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣، وعنده بزيادة: \"وصومى\" بعد قوله: \"وأيامها\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٧٤)، والترمذي (١٢٨) من طريق أبى عامر العقدى به، وقال: حسن صحيح. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٢٧) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد به.\nقلت: وقد ادعى بعضهم أن: \"استنقأت\" مهموزة شاذة، قال الشيخ أحمد شاكر ﵀ في تعليقه على الترمذي ١/ ٢٢٤: ليس شاذا، بل هو استعمال جائز ومسموع، إذ إن همز ما ليس بمهموز كثير في كلام العرب. . . وهذا الحرف \"استنقأت\" لم أره في شيء من روايات هذا الحديث مرويا بالياء إلا في رواية الدارقطني، وأما أبو داود والترمذي والحاكم فإنه مروى عندهم بالهمزة، وكذلك هو بالهمزة في نسخة مخطوطة صحيحة عيقة من التحقيق لابن الجوزى، رواه فيه بإسناده من طريق مسند أحمد بن حنبل، وكذلك في نسخة مخطوطة صحيحة قديمة من المنتقى للمجد ابن تيمية.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٧).","vol":"2","page":474},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وعَمرُو بنُ ثابِتٍ هذا غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^١). وَبَلَغَنِى عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه سمِع محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ يقولُ: حَديثُ حَمنَةَ بنتِ جَحشٍ في المُستَحاضَةِ هو حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ، إلا أن إبراهيمَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ هو قَديمٌ، لا أدرِى سمِع مِنه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ أم لا؟ وكانَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: هو حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وأَمّا حَمنَةُ بنتُ جَحشٍ فقَد قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: هِىَ أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ، كانَت تُكنَى بأُمِّ حَبيبَةَ وهِىَ حَمنَةُ بنتُ جَحشٍ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يَقولُه (^٣). وخالَفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ فزَعَمَ أن المُستَحاضَةَ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ لَيسَت بحَمنَةَ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ ابنِ عَقيلٍ يَدُلُّ على أنَّها غَيرُ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ، وكانَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ\n_________\n(^١) هو عمرو بن ثابت بن هرمز البكري أبو محمد - ويقال: أبو ثابت - الكوفى. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٣١: تركوه وكان يترفض. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣١٩، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٢٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٧٦، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٧٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير (٧٤).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٩) عن عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٩) عن المفضل بن غسان به.","vol":"2","page":475},{"text":"ربما قال في حَديثِ عائشةَ: حَبيبَةُ بنتُ جَحشٍ. وهو خَطأٌ، إنَّما هِىَ أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ، كَذَلِكَ قالَه أصحابُ الزُّهرِيِّ سواهُ (^١). وحَديثُ ابنِ عَقيلٍ يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ في المُعتادَةِ، إلا أنَّها شَكَّت فأَمَرَها إن كان سِتًّا أن يَترُكَها سِتًّا، وإِن كان سَبعًا أن يَترُكَها سَبعًا. والمُبتَدِئَةُ تَرجِعُ إلى أقَلِّ الحَيضِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ في المُبتَدِئَةِ، فتَرجِعُ إلى الأغلَبِ مِن حَيضِ النِّساءِ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ. وقَد قال الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: ويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه قال في البِكرِ يَستَمِرُّ بها الدَّمُ: تَقعُدُ كما تَقعُدُ نِساؤُها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-390>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَحيضُ يَومًا وتَطهُرُ يَومًا</span>\n\n١٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: استُحيضَتِ امرأَةٌ مِن آلِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فأَمَرونِى فسأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إذا رأَتِ الدَّمَ البَحْرانِيَّ (^٣) فلا تُصَلِّى، وإِذا رأَتِ الطُّهرَ ولَو ساعَةً مِنَ النَّهارِ فلتَغتَسِلْ ولتُصَلِّ (^٤). وقَرأتُه في \"كتاب ابن خزيمة\": عن زيادِ بنِ أيُّوبَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: أمَّا ما رأَتِ الدَّمَ البَحْرانِيَّ فلا تُصَلِّى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في د، م: \"سواء\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٠)، وسنن الدارمي (٨٧٥).\n(^٣) البحرانى: الدم الغليظ الواسع الذي يخرج من قعر الرحم، ونسب إلى البحر لكثرته وسعته. معالم السنن ١/ ٨٧.\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٢٨٦). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٦)، والدارمي (٨٢٧) من طريق ابن علية به. والدارمي (٨٢٨) من طريق خالد الحذاء به، ولم نجده عند ابن خزيمة.","vol":"2","page":476},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-391>بابُ النِّفاسِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسَّانَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي سَهلٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، عن مُسَّةَ الأزديَّةِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كانَتِ النُّفَساءُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَقعُدُ بعدَ نِفاسِها أربَعينَ لَيلَةً، أو أربَعينَ يَومًا، وكُنّا نَطلِى وُجوهَنا بالوَرْسِ مِنَ الكَلَفِ (^١). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، وهو أبو الحسنِ الأحوَلُ الكوفِيُّ، وقالَ أبو الوَليدِ: عن زُهَيرٍ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٢). ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\nوقَد رواه أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى:\n\n١٦٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ الكِندِيُّ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ السَّكُونِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي سَهلٍ، عن مُسَّةَ الأزديَّةِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كانَتِ النُّفَساءُ تَجلِسُ على عَهدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٢ من طريق أبى غسان به. وأحمد (٢٦٥٦١)، وأبو داود (٣١١) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٢٦٥٨٤)، والترمذي (١٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٨) من طريق على به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤): حسن صحيح.\nوالكلف: شيء يعلو الوجه كالسمسم، ولون بين السواد والحمرة، وحمرة كدرة تعلو الوجه. القاموس المحيط ٣/ ١٩٨ (ك ل ف).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (٩٩٥) عن أبي الوليد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"الكوفى\". وكلاهما صحيح، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٣٨٢.","vol":"2","page":477},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعينَ يَومًا، وكُنّا نَطلِى وُجوهَنا بالوَرْسِ والزَّعفَرانِ (^١).\nبَلَغَنى عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىُّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى ثِقَةٌ، رَوَى له شُعبَةُ، وأبو سَهلٍ كَثيرُ بنُ زيادٍ ثِقَةٌ، ولا أعرِفُ لمُسَّةَ غَيرَ هذا الحَديثِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه يونُسُ بنُ نافِعٍ عن أبي سَهلٍ كَثيرِ بنِ زيادٍ كما:\n\n١٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ حَليمٍ (^٣) المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زيادٍ أبى سَهلٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى مُسَّةُ الأزديَّةُ قالَت: حَجَجتُ فدَخَلتُ على أُمِّ سلمةَ فقُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ سَمُرَةَ بنَ جُندُبٍ يأمُرُ النِّساءَ يَقضينَ صَلاةَ الحَيضِ. فقالَت: لا يَقضينَ، كانَتِ المَرأَةُ مِن نِساءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَقعُدُ في النِّفاسِ أربَعينَ لَيلَةً لا يأمُرُها النبيُّ - ﷺ - بقَضاءِ صَلاةِ النِّفاسِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٨٤)، والترمذي (١٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٤٨) من طريق أبي بدر به، وقال الترمذي: غريب.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير (٧٧).\n(^٣) في س: \"حكيم\"، وفى د: \"سليم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات ٣/ ٤٠٩، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٢) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٥).","vol":"2","page":478},{"text":"ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدَّثَنى أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: النُّفَساءُ تَنتَظِرُ أربَعينَ يَومًا، أو نَحوَه (^١).\n\n١٦٣١ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن بشرِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: تَنتَظِرُ - يَعنِى النُّفَساءَ - سَبعًا، فإِن طَهَرَت وإِلَّا فأَربَعَةَ عَشَرَ، فإِن طَهَرَت وإِلا فواحِدَةً وعِشرينَ، فإِن طَهَرَت وإِلَّا فأَربَعينَ ثم تُصَلِّى (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى فيها عن عمرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن أبى حُرَّةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي العاصِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قال: تَنتَظِرُ النُّفَساءُ أربَعينَ يَومًا ثم تَغتَسِلُ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِى فيها أَحاديثُ مَرفوعَةٌ، كُلُّها سِوَى ما ذَكَرنا ضَعيفَةٌ، وقَد ذَهَبَ إلى ما رُوِّينا بَعضُ أصحابِ الحَديثِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٧٥) عن الحاكم به. وأحمد (مسائل عبد الله - ٢١٩) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. والدارمى (٩٩٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٦) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧، ١١٩٨)، والصلاة لأبي نعيم (١٢٦)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٨٢٦، ٨٣٠)، وسنن الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢١، والخلافيَّات للمصنف (١٠٧٢، ١٠٧٤).\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٤٨.","vol":"2","page":479},{"text":"١٦٣٣ - أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: سُئلَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ عن النُّفَساءِ كَم تَقعُدُ إذا رأَتِ الدَّمَ؟ قال: أربَعينَ يَومًا ثم تَغتَسِلُ (^١).\nوذَهَبَ بَعضُهُم إلى حَملِ ما رُوِّينا فيها على عادَتِهِنَّ، وأَنَّ غَيرَهُنَّ إنَّ رأَينَ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ مَكَثنَ ما لم يُجاوِزْ سِتّينَ يَومًا اعتِبارًا بالوُجودِ.\n\n١٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبدَةَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ والشَّعبِيِّ كانا يَقولانِ: إذا طالَ بها الدَّمُ تَرَبَّصَت ما بَينَها وبَينَ شهرين (^٢) ثم تَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الشَّاماتِىُّ يَعنِى جَعفَرَ بنَ أحمدَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن اللَّيثِ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: تَجلِسُ النُّفَساءُ سِتّينَ يَومًا (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحسنِ قال: إذا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٢، وجزء في مسائل عن الإمام أحمد للبغوي (٤٠).\n(^٢) في م: \"ستين\".\n(^٣) ينظر الصلاة لأبي نعيم (١٣٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٦٢٤)، وسنن الدارمي (٩٩٩)، وسنن الترمذي عقب (١٣٩)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ٢٥١.\n(^٤) ينظر الصلاة لأبي نعيم (١٣٠)، وسنن الترمذي عقب (١٣٩)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ٢٥١.","vol":"2","page":480},{"text":"رأَتِ النُّفَساءُ أقامَت خَمسينَ لَيلَةً (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ (^٢). وفِي ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على أنَّه كان تأَوَّلَ ما رواه عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي العاصِ في الأربَعينَ على أن عثمانَ بنَ أبى العاصِ كان يَذهَبُ فيما دونَ الأربَعينَ إلى أنَّها وإِن طَهَرَت لم يَغشَها زَوجُها حَتَّى تَبلُغَ أربَعينَ. وقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما يَدُلُّ على أنَّه كان يَذهَبُ إلى خِلافِه فيما دونَ الأربَعينَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسّانِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عمرِو (^٤) بنِ يَعلَى الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن عَرفَجَةَ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: لا يَحِلُّ لِلنُّفَساءِ إذا رأَتِ الطُّهرَ إلا أن تُصَلِّىَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّحوِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ محمدٍ الحِمصِىُّ ولَقَبُه سُلَيمٌ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِي الأسوَدُ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الترمذي عقب (١٣٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٦٢٥) من طريق أشعث عن الحسن، وقال: لا تجلس النفساء أكثر من أربعين ليلة.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠١)، والدارمى (٩٩٠) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٣١).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ. وفي مصدر التخريج: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤١٧.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٣. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الصلاة (١٢٧) عن إسرائيل به.","vol":"2","page":481},{"text":"غَنْمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مَضَى لِلنُّفَساءِ سَبعٌ ثم رأَتِ الطُّهرَ فلتَغتَسِلْ ولتُصَلِّ\" (^١). وهَكَذا أخبرناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبي سَهلٍ.\n\n١٦٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ. فذكَره إلا أنَّه قال: حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، قال: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عليٍّ، عن الأسوَدِ. وفِي آخِرِه: قال سُلَيمٌ: فلَقيتُ علِيَّ بنَ عليٍّ فحَدَّثَنِى عن الأسوَدِ، عن [عُبادَةَ بنِ] (^٢) نُسَيٍّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). هذا أصَحُّ، وإِسنادُه لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ.\n\n١٦٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّىِّ، عن أبي إياسٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وقتُ النُّفَساءِ أربَعونَ لَيلَةً إلا أن تَرَى الطُّهرَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه سَلَّامٌ الطَّويلُ عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٥). ورواه العَرزَمِيُّ (^٦) محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بأَسانيدَ له عن مُسَّةَ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ (^٧). ورواه العَلاءُ بنُ كَثيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٦، وقال: غريب في الباب، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه تمام في فوائده (٢٣٠ - روض) من طريق عبد السلام بن محمد به.\n(^٢) في س: \"قتادة عن\".\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٧١).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٤٩) من طريق سلام الطويل به.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"العزرمى\".\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٣، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٥٢، ١٠٥٣) من طريق العرزمي به. =","vol":"2","page":482},{"text":"عن مَكحولٍ عن أبي هريرةَ وأَبِى الدَّرداءِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وزَيدٌ العَمِّىُّ (^٢) وسَلَّامُ بنُ سَلمٍ المَدائنِيُّ (^٣) والعَرزَمِيُّ (^٤) والعَلاءُ بنُ كَثيرٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ (^٥) كُلُّهُم ضُعَفاءُ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، قال سَهمٌ مَولَى بنى سُلَيمٍ: إن مَولاتَه أُمَّ يوسُفَ ولَدَت بمَكَّةَ فلَم تَرَ دَمًا، فلَقيَت عائشةَ فقالَت: أنتِ امرأَةٌ طَهَّرَكِ اللَّهُ، فلَمَّا نَفَرَت رأَت. قال محمدٌ: قالَه لَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-392>بابُ المُستَحاضَةِ تَغسِلُ عَنها أثَرَ الدَّمِ وتَغتَسِلُ، وتَستَثفِرُ بثَوبٍ وتُصَلِّى، ثم تَتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ</span>\n\n١٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n= وينظر الأفراد للدارقطنى (٥٨٥٦).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٦١، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٢٢٤، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٦٠) من طريق العلاء بن كثير به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٨١).\n(^٣) هو سلام بن سلم الطويل المدائنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٣٣، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٦٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٣٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٧٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٧٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٤٢: متروك.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن عبيد الله بن أبي سليمان العرزمى الفزارى، أبو عبد الرحمن الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٧١، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي (٥٢١)، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٤٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٣٢٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٨٧: متروك.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٥٧٤).\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٩٤.","vol":"2","page":483},{"text":"داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ، عن بُهَيَّةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ امرأَةً تَسأَلُ عائشةَ يَعنِى عن حَيضِها، أظُنُّه قال: فقالَت عائشَةُ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن امرأَةٍ فسَدَ حَيضُها وأُهْريقَت دَمًا، فأَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن آمُرَها فلتَنظُرْ قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحيضُ في كُلِّ شَهرٍ وحَيضُها مُستَقيمٌ وقالَ: \"فلتَقعُدْ بقَدرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأيّامِ، ثم لتَدَعِ الصَّلاةَ فيهِنَّ وبِقَدرِهِنَّ، ثم تَغتَسِلْ ثم تَستَثفِرْ بثَوبٍ ثم لِتُصَلِّ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ سَعدٍ المَرثَدِيُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشِ استَفتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّى أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ: \"ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، فإذا أقبَلَتِ الحيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغسِلِى عَنكِ أثَرَ الدَّمِ وتَوَضَّئى وصَلِّى، فإِنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى الرَّبيعِ، وفِي حَديثِ خَلَفٍ أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشِ سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"فاغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ وتَوَضَّئى وصَلِّى\". والباقِى بمَعناه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ دونَ قَولِه: \"وتَوَضَّئى\" (^٣). وكأَنَّه ضَعَّفَه لِمُخالَفَتِه سائرَ الرّواةِ عن هِشامٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٤). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٥)، وتقدم في (١٥٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢١٧، ٣٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٦٢١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣٣/. . .).","vol":"2","page":484},{"text":"ورواه أبو حمزة السُّكَّرِىُّ عن هِشامٍ، إلا أنَّه أرسَلَ الحديثَ ولَم يَذكُرْ عائشةَ:\n\n١٦٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ هِشامًا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ. الحديث وقالَ فيه: \"فاغتَسِلِى عِندَ طُهرِكِ وتَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" (^١).\nقالَ أبو بكرٍ: ورَوَى إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الشافعيُّ عن داودَ العَطّارِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. ورَوَى الحسنُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبي حَنيفَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ الحديثَ، وقالَ فيه: \"وتَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والصَّحيحُ أن هَذِه الكَلِمَةَ مِن قَولِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n١٦٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ إلى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٣٥٤) من طريق أبى حمزة به.\n(^٢) الحسن بن زياد - كما في جامع المسانيد للخوارزمى ١/ ٣٦٨. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٢، وشرح المشكل (٢٧٣٢)، والطبراني ٢٤/ ٣٦٠ (٨٩٥)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ١٢٤ من طريق أبى حنيفة به.","vol":"2","page":485},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى امرأَةٌ أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَ بالحَيضِ، فإِذا أقبَلَت حَيضَتُكِ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ ثم صَلِّى\". قال: قال أبى: \"ثم تَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ حَتَّى يَجِئَ ذَلِكَ الوَقتُ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بن يَحيَى دونَ قَولِ عُروةَ (^٢).\nوقَولُ عُروةَ فيه صَحيحٌ، وروِى ذَلِكَ في حَديثِ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n١٦٤٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن (^٣) الأعمَشُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسَّانِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى امرأَةٌ أُستَحاضُ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، اجتَنِبِى الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ مَحيضكِ، ثم اغتَسِلِى وتَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ وإِن قَطَرَ الدَّمُ على الحَصيرِ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى بكرِ ابنِ الحارِثِ. وهَكَذا رواه عليُّ بنُ هاشِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٢٢٨)، والترمذى (١٢٥)، والنسائي (٢٢٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٣/. . .).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٨)، وأبو داود (٢٩٨)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢١٢.","vol":"2","page":486},{"text":"وقُرَّةُ بنُ عيسَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ وجَماعَةٌ عن الأعمَشِ (^١)، واختُلِفَ فيه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ داودَ الخُرَيْبِىِّ، ورواه حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ وأبو أُسامَةَ وأَسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ عن الأعمَشِ، فوَقَفوه على عائشةَ واختَصَروه (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: جِئنا مِن عِندِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ داودَ الخُرَيْبِىِّ إلى يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ فقالَ: مِن أينَ جِئتُم؟ قُلنا: مِن عِندِ ابنِ داوُدَ. فقالَ: ما حَدَّثَكُم؟ قُلنا: حدثنا عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ. الحديثَ. فقالَ يَحيَى: أمَا إنَّ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىَّ كان أعلَمَ النّاسِ بهَذا، زَعَمَ أن حَبيبَ بنَ أبى ثابِتٍ لم يَسمَعْ مِن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ شَيئًا (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى السَّمَرقَندِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، قال: سَمِعتُ عَلِىَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينيَّ يقولُ: حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ لم يَسمَعْ مِن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ شَيئًا. قال يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: حَديثُ حَبيبٍ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ لا شَيءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٥)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢١١ من طريق على بن هاشم به. والدارقطني ١/ ٢١١، ٢١٢ من طريق قرة بن عيسى ومحمد بن ربيعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٣ من طريق حفص وأبى أسامة به. وذكره عن أسباط معلقا.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٩، ٢١٣، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٠). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٧٩٩)، وابن الأعرابى في المعجم (١٠٨٤) من طريق ابن داود به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الخلافيات (٤٣٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٣٩، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة =","vol":"2","page":487},{"text":"وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العَبَّاسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِيَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: حَبيبٌ ثَبَتٌ؟ قال: نَعَم، إنَّما رَوَى حَديثَينِ - أظُنُّ يَحيَى يُريدُ مُنكَرَينِ - حَديثَ تُصَلِّى الحائضُ وإِن قَطَرَ الدَّمُ على الحَصيرِ، وحَديثَ القُبلَةِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ: حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ ضَعيفٌ، ودَلَّ على ضَعفِ حَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ هذا أن حَفصَ بنَ غِياثٍ وقَفَه على عائشةَ، وأَنكَرَ أن يَكونَ حَديثُ حَبيبٍ مَرفوعًا، ووَقَفَه أيضًا أسباطُ عن الأعمَشِ، ورواه ابنُ داودَ عن الأعمَشِ مَرفوعًا أوَّلُه، وأَنكَرَ أن يَكونَ فيه الوُضوءُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ، ودَلَّ على ضَعفِ حَديثِ حَبيبٍ هذا أن رِوايَةَ الزُّهرىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: فكانَت تَغتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ. في حَديثِ المُستَحاضَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو العَلاءِ يَعنِى أيّوبَ بنَ أبى مِسكينٍ، عن الحَجَّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال في المُستَحاضَةِ: \"تدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ أقرائِها، ثم تَغتَسِلُ مَرَّةً، ثم تَتَوَضّأُ إلى مِثلِ أيّامِ\n_________\n= (١٨١) من طريق على به بنحوه.\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ١٨ (٢٩٢٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٣٠٠)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٣.","vol":"2","page":488},{"text":"أقرائِها، فإِن رأَت صُفرَةً انتَضَحَت وتَوَضأَت وصَلَّت\".\n\n١٦٤٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو العَلاءِ، عن ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن امرأةِ مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١).\n\n١٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ. فذَكَرَهُما بالإِسنادَينِ إلا أنَّه جَعَلَ الأوَّلَ مِن قَولِ عائشَةَ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَديثُ أيّوبَ أبى العَلاءِ ضَعيفٌ لا يَصِحُّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: ورُوِى عن أبي يوسُفَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ أبي خِداشٍ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن قَميرَ امرأَةِ مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ أتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى امرأَةٌ أُستَحاضُ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ فانظُرِى أيّامَ أقرائِكِ، فإذا جاوَزَت فاغتَسِلِى واستَذفِرِى، ثم تَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الصغير ٢/ ١٤٩، ومن طريقه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٢٧٤، من طريق الدورى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٩، ٣٠٠).","vol":"2","page":489},{"text":"١٦٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ محمدٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ أبى خِداشٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^١). قال عَلِيٌّ: تَفَرَّدَ به عَمَّارُ بنُ مَطَرٍ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢) عن أبي يوسُفَ، والَّذِى عِندَ النّاسِ عن إسماعيلَ بهَذا الإسناد مَوقوفًا: المُستَحاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيَّامَ أقرائِها، وتَغتَسِلُ، وتَتَوَضأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ.\n\n١٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن بَيانٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن قَميرَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت في المُستَحاضَةِ: تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيَّامَ حَيضَتِها، وتَغتَسِلُ وتَستَذفِرُ وتَوَضَّأُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا بَيانٌ، عن عامِرٍ. فذكَره وقالَ: ثم تَتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣).\nهَكَذا رِوايَةُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ وبَيانٍ ومُغيرَةَ وخِراشٍ (^٤) ومُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن قَميرَ، عن عائشةَ: تَتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (٣). وَرِوايَةُ داودَ بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٠، ٢١١.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٩٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٢٧، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٥٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٦٩.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٨٤، ١٦٠٧).\n(^٤) في د، م: \"فراس\".","vol":"2","page":490},{"text":"هِندٍ وعاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن قَميرَ، عن عائشةَ: تَغتَسِلُ في كُلِّ يَومٍ مَرَّةً (^١). وكَذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ الكاتِبِ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ في قِصَّةِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢). وعُثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٣)، وروِى عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على شَريكٍ، عن أبي اليَقظانِ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُستَحاضَةُ تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ حَيضَتِها، وتَغتَسِلُ وتَتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ وتَصومُ وتُصَلِّى\" (^٥).\n\n١٦٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، قال: قَرأتُ على شَريكٍ، عن أبي اليَقظانِ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٥٩)، والدارمى (٨٤١) من طريق داود به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٣) من طريق داود وعاصم به.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٦٨٢).\n(^٣) هو عثمان بن سعد القرشي، أبو بكر البصري الكاتب المعلم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٢٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٥٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٩٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٣٧٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ١١٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٩: ضعيف.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمة الحجاج بن أرطاة عقب (٣٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٧)، والترمذي (١٢٦، ١٢٧)، وفى العلل (٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٦٢٥)، والدارمى (٨٢٠) من طريق شريك به، وقال الترمذي: تفرد به شريك عن أبي اليقظان. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٣٧: صوابه عدى بن أبان بن ثابت بن قيس الظفرى، فنسب إلى جده، وأبان لا يعرف.","vol":"2","page":491},{"text":"أبيه، عن عليٍّ مِثلَه (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العَبَّاسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، قال يَحيَى: وجَدُّه اسمُه دينارٌ. قال أبو الفَضلِ: فرَدَدتُه أنا على يَحيَى فقالَ: هو هَكَذا اسمُه دينارٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: حَديثُ عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ هذا ضَعيفٌ لا يَصِحُّ، ورواه أبو اليَقظانِ عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ عن أبيه عن عَلِيٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، قال أبو يَعلَى: قُرِئَ على بشرِ بنِ الوَليدِ، أخبرَكَ أبو يوسُفَ، عن أبى أيّوبَ الأفريقِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ المُستَحاضَةَ أن تَوَضّأَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٤). تَفَرَدَّ به أبو يوسُفَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليٍّ بنِ (^٥) أيوبَ الأفريقِيِّ، وأبو يوسُفَ ثِقَةٌ إذا كان يَروِى عن ثِقَةٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٢، والمصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨٤، ١٠٨٥) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨٣)، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٧ (٢٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨٦)، وفي المعرفة (٤٨٩) من طريق أبى يعلى به. والطبراني في الأوسط (١٥٩٧) من طريق بشر بن الوليد به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٣٧: الأفريقى لينه أبو زرعة.\n(^٥) في د، م: \"أبى\".","vol":"2","page":492},{"text":"وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشافعىِّ، أنَّه قيلَ له: أما إنّا رُوِّينا أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ المُستَحاضَةَ تَتَوَضّأُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ؟ قال الشافعيُّ: قُلتُ: نَعَم، قَد روّيتُم ذَلِكَ وبِه نَقولُ؛ قياسًا على سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الوُضوءِ ممَّا خَرَجَ مِن دُبُرٍ أو ذَكَرٍ أو فرجٍ. قال: ولَو كان هذا مَحفوظًا عندَنا كان أحَبَّ إلَينا مِنَ القياسِ (^١).\n\n١٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ (^٢)، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الخَلاءِ فقُرِّبَ إلَيه طَعامٌ، فعَرَضوا عليه الوَضوءَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما أُمِرتُ بالوُضوءِ إذا قُمتُ إلى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣). قال أبو بكرٍ: أخبَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن اللَّهَ تعالَى أمَرَه بالوُضوءِ إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ لا دُخولَ وقتٍ أو خُروجَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-393>بابُ غُسلِ المُستَحاضَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ٦٢.\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"الحسن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٧٩، ٣٨٠.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٢).","vol":"2","page":493},{"text":"عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ كانَت تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، وأَنَّها استُحيضَت سَبعَ سِنينَ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هذا لَيسَ بالحَيضَةِ ولَكِنَّها عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلِى\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الرَّبيعِ، وفي حَديثِ حَرمَلَةَ أنَّها استَفتَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هَذِه لَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، ولَكِن هذا عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وكانَت تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ في مِركَنٍ في حُجرَةِ أُختِها زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ حَتَّى تَعلوَ حُمرَةُ الدَّمِ الماءَ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فحَدَّثْنا بذَلِكَ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ فقالَ: يَرحَمُ اللَّه هِندًا، لَو كانَت سَمِعَت بهَذِه الفُتيا، واللَّهِ إن كانَت لَتَبكِى لأنَّها كانَت لا تُصَلِّى (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَمةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ بطولِه، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ دونَ قِصَّةِ هِندٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه الأوزاعِىُّ عن الزُّهرىِّ عَنهُما جَميعًا (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٩ - ورواه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ. أخبرَناه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٥، ٢٨٨)، والنسائي (٢٠٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٧٥٠)، وابن حبان (١٣٥٢) من طريق حرملة به، وليس عند ابن حبان قول الزهري.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٤)، والبخاري (٣٢٧)\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١٩، ١٥٧٧، ١٥٧٨).","vol":"2","page":494},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثنى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبي الحسنِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَرْكانِيُّ، [حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعدٍ. فذكَره بمعناه دون قصةِ هندٍ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^١) عن محمدِ بن جعفرٍ الوَرْكانىِّ] (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مَعمَر ويونُسُ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ. وربما قال مَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ: عن الزُّهرىِّ عن عَمْرَةَ عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ (^٣).\nورواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ، والحَديثُ صَحيحٌ عَنهُما جَميعًا.\n\n١٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مِلحانَ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثنى اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: استَفتَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ جَحشٍ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّى أُستَحاضُ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلِى ثم صَلِّى\". فكانَت تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٥). قالَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ...).\n(^٢) سقط من: س، د، م. والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٦٥) عن معمر به، وفيه: أن المستحاضة فاطمة بنت أبى حبيش. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٢٩٠) عن معمر ويونس. وأخرجه مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٤)، والنسائي (٢١٠، ٣٥٥) من طريق ابن عيينة به، وعند أبي داود: وربما قال معمر، عن عمرة، عن أم حبيبة بمعناه.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وصوابه أحمد بن إبراهيم بن ملحان\".\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٩٢).","vol":"2","page":495},{"text":"اللَّيثُ: فلَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ شِهابٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ أن تَغتَسِلَ - يَعنِى عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ - ولَكِنَّه شَيءٌ فعَلَته. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ، وذكَر كَلامَ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١). وبِمَعناه قالَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ أيضًا (^٢).\nوفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشافعيِّ أنَّه قال: إنَّما أمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تَغتَسِلَ وتُصَلِّىَ، ولَيسَ فيه أنَّه أمَرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ، ولا أشُكُّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى أن غُسلَها كان تَطَوُّعًا غَيرَ ما أُمِرَت به، وذَلِكَ واسِعٌ لَها (^٣).\nأخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قراءةً عليه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، قال: قال الشافعيُّ: وقَد رَوَى غَيرُ الزُّهرِىِّ هذا الحديثَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ، ولَكِنْ رواه عن عَمْرَةَ بهَذا الإسنادِ والسّياقِ، والزُّهرِىُّ أحفَظُ مِنه، وقَد رَوَى فيه شَيئًا يَدُلُّ على أن الحديثَ غَلَطٌ، قال: تَترُكُ الصَّلاةَ قَدرَ أقرائِها. وعائشَةُ تَقولُ: الأقراءُ الأطهارُ (^٤).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ ما:\n\n١٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٣٤/ ٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٩).\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٦٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٦٢.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":496},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ مُضَرَ، حدثنا أبى، حدَّثَنى ابنُ الهادِ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ استُحيضَت فذَكَرتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بحَيضَةٍ ولَكِنَّها رَكضَةٌ مِنَ الرَّحِمِ، فلتَنظُرْ قَدرَ أقرائِها التي كانَت تَحيضُ فتَترُكُ الصَّلاةَ، ثم تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ وتُصَلِّى\" (^١). قال أبو بكرٍ: قال بَعضُ مَشايِخِنا: خَبَرُ ابنِ الهادِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ (^٣) يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n١٦٦٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، عن عَبدَةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ استُحيضَت في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَها بالغُسلِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ. قال: وساقَ الحديثَ. قالَ أبو داودَ: ورواه أبو الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٠٩، ٣٥٤) من طريق إسحاق بن بكر به. وأحمد (٢٤٩٧٢) من طريق ابن أبي حازم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\".","vol":"2","page":497},{"text":"الطَّيالِسِيُّ ولَم أسمَعْه مِنه، عن سليمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ: استُحيضَت زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ فقالَ لها النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اغتَسِلِى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" وساقَ الحديثَ. قال أبو داودَ: ورواه عبدُ الصَّمَدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الوارِثِ عن سليمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ قال: \"تَوَضَّئى لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\". وَهَذا وهمٌ مِن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، والقَولُ قَولُ أبى الوَليدِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَةُ أبى الوَليدِ أيضًا غَيرُ مَحفوظَةٍ، فقَد رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن سليمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ كما رواه سائرُ النّاسِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n١٦٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِي، حدثنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا سليمانُ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: استُحيضَت أُختُ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ سَبعَ سِنينَ، فكانَت تَملأُ مِركَنًا لها ماءً ثم تَدخُلُه حَتَّى تَعلوَ الماءَ حُمرَةُ الدَّمِ، فاستَفتَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ لها: \"إنَّه لَيسَ بحَيضَةٍ ولَكِنَّه عِرقٌ، فاغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى\". لَيسَ فيه الأمرُ بالغُسلِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ، وهَذا أولَى؛ لموافَقَتِه سائرَ الرِّواياتِ عن الزُّهرىِّ، ورِوايَةُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن الزُّهريِّ غَلَطٌ؛ لمخالَفَتِها سائرَ الرِّواياتِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، ومُخالَفَتِها الرِّوايَةَ الصَّحيحَةَ عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n١٦٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ (^٢) ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٢).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"2","page":498},{"text":"الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبى وإِسحاقُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ مُضَرَ والنَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ قالوا: حدثنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ التي كانَت تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ شَكَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الدَّمَ فقالَ لها: \"امكُثِى قَدرَ ما كانَت تَحبِسُكِ حَيضَتُكِ ثم اغتَسِلِى\". قال: فكانَت تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ مِن عِندِ نَفسِها (^١).\nففِى هَذِه (^٢) الرِّوايَتَينِ الصَّحيحَتَينِ بَيانُ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - لم يأمُرْها بالغُسلِ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ، وأنَّها كانَت تَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِن عِندِ نَفسِها، فكَيفَ يَكونُ الأمرُ بالغُسلِ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ ثابِتًا مِن حَديثِ عُروَةَ؟.\n\n١٦٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: لَيسَ على المُستَحاضَةِ إلا أن تَغتَسِلَ غُسلًا واحِدًا، ثم تَوَضّأُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ لِلصَّلاةِ.\n\n١٦٦٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بمثلِه إلا أنَّه قال: ثم تَوَضّأُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٩٠).\n(^٢) هكذا في النسخ.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٩، ومالك ١/ ٦٣.","vol":"2","page":499},{"text":"ورواه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٦٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها لم تَكُنْ تَرَى على المُستَحاضَةِ إلا غُسلًا واحِدًا (^٢). وروّينا فيما تقدَّمَ عن قَميرَ امرأَةِ مَسروقٍ عن عائشةَ ما يَدُلُّ على هَذا (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبي الحَجّاجِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ (^٤)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ: عن الحسينِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: أخبرَتنِى زَينَبُ بنتُ أبى سلمةَ، أن امرأَةً كانَت تُهَراقُ الدَّمَ وكانَت تَحتَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ وتُصَلِّىَ (^٥). كَذا رواه حُسَينٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٦١) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجعد (٣٠٢٦) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٨٤).\n(^٤) في س: \"حبيب\"، وفى د: \"حنب\"، وفي م: \"خبيب\". ينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٢/ ١٥٧. وسيأتي في (١٦٨٩).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٣). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٧).","vol":"2","page":500},{"text":"المُعَلِّمُ، وخالَفَه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ فأَرسَلَهُ:\n\n١٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبي سلمةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ سأَلَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَت: إنِّي أُهَراقُ الدَّمَ. فأَمَرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ وتُصلِّىَ (^١).\nورواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن يَحيَى، فجَعَلَ المُستَحاضَةَ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ:\n\n١٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، قال: حدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ وعِكرِمَةُ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سلمةَ كانَت تَعتَكِفُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهِىَ تُهَريقُ الدَّمَ، فأَمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تَغتَسِلَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٢).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بخِلافِ هَذا:\n\n١٦٧١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ استُحيضَت فسأَلَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَها أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٤٨٤ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. والدارمى (٩٣٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (٩٣٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به، وفيه: أو عكرمة. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٤١: هذا غلط، زينب لا حاضت ولا اعتكفت مع رسول الله - ﷺ -؛ كانت صغيرة جدًّا، وجاء عن عكرمة ما يخالف هذا.","vol":"2","page":501},{"text":"تَنتَظِرَ أيّامَ أقرائِها ثم تَغتَسِلَ وتُصَلِّىَ، فإِذا رأَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ شَيئًا تَوَضّأَت واستَثفَرَت واحتَشَت وصَلَّت (^١). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ أقرَبُ مِن حَديثِ عائشةَ في بابِ الغُسلِ (^٢)، وحَديثُ عائشةَ مِنَ الوَجهِ الثّابِتِ عَنها أولَى أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا.\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّها تَغتَسِلُ غُسلًا واحِدًا ثم تَتَوَضّأُ، وهو لا يُخالِفُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فيما يَرويه عنه:\n\n١٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عمرَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أبيه قال: تَغتَسِلُ غُسلًا واحِدًا ثم تَتَوَضّأُ.\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا المُجَوَّزُ يَعنِى الحَسَنَ بنَ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن امرأَةً استُحيضَتْ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَها النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن تُؤَخِّرَ الظُّهرَ وتُعَجِّلَ العَصرَ وتَغتَسِلَ لَهُما غُسلًا، والمَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ، تُعَجِّلُ هَذِه وتُؤَخِّرُ هَذِه وتَغتَسِلُ لَهُما غُسلًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٥) من طريق هشيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨١٨، ٨١٩).","vol":"2","page":502},{"text":"وهَكَذا رواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ عن الحسنِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وهو غَلَطٌ مِن جِهَةِ الحَسَنِ.\n\n١٦٧٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ امرأَةً استُحيضَتْ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأُمِرَت أن تُؤَخِّرَ الظُّهرَ وتُعَجِّلَ العَصرَ وتَغتَسِلَ لَهُما غُسلًا، والمَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ تُؤَخِّرُ هَذِه وتُعَجِّلُ هَذِه وتَغتَسِلُ لَهُما غُسلًا، وتَغتَسِلُ لِلصُّبحِ غُسلًا. وهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ.\nوذكَر جَماعَةٌ مِنهُم امتِناعَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ مَن رَفعِ الحَديثِ:\n\n١٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: استُحيضَتِ امرأَةٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأُمِرَت. قُلتُ: مَن أمَرَها، النبيُّ - ﷺ -؟ قال (^١): لَستُ أُحَدِّثُكَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - شَيئًا. قالَت: فأُمِرَت أن تُؤَخِّرَ الظُّهرَ وتُعَجِّلَ العَصرَ وتَغتَسِلَ لَهُما غُسلًا واحِدًا، وتُؤَخِّرَ المَغرِبَ وتُعَجِّلَ العِشاءَ وتَغتَسِلَ لَهُما غُسلًا، وتَغتَسِلَ لِلصُّبحِ غُسلًا (^٢).\nورواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ وفيه قال: فقُلتُ لِعَبدِ الرحمنِ: عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، د: \"قالت\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٥٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٩١)، والنسائي (٢١٣، ٣٥٨) من طرق عن شعبة به.","vol":"2","page":503},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: لا أُحَدِّثُكَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بشَيءٍ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ، فخالَفَ شُعبَةَ في رَفعِه وسَمَّى المُستَحاضَةَ:\n\n١٦٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا هَنادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، حدثنا عَبدَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنى محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سلمةَ (^٣)، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن سَهلَةَ بنتَ سُهَيلٍ استُحيضَت فأَتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ، فلَمَّا جَهَدَها ذَلِكَ أمَرَها أن تَجمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بغُسلٍ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بغُسلٍ، وتَغتَسِلَ لِلصُّبحِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عَلِيٍّ. وفِي حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنَّما هِىَ سَهلَةُ بنتُ سُهَيلٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُها بالغُسلِ عِندَ كُلِّ صلاةٍ، فلَمَّا شَقَّ عَلَيها أمَرَها. الحديثُ. قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ: قال بَعضُ مَشايِخِنا: لم يُسنِدْ هذا الخَبَرَ غَيرُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، وشُعبَةُ لم يَذكُرِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وأَنكَرَ أن يَكونَ الخَبَرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٤) من طريق معاذ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٩٦٤) عن النضر به.\n(^٣) في م: \"مسلمة\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٧٩)، والدارمى (٨٠٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"2","page":504},{"text":"مَرفوعًا، وخَطّأَه أيضًا في تَسميَةِ المُستَحاضَةِ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وقَدِ اختَلَفَ الرّواةُ في إسنادِ هذا الخَبَرِ.\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: فرواه شُعبَةُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ كما مَضَى.\nورواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ فأَرسَلَه إلا أنَّه وافَقَ محمدًا في رَفعِه:\n\n١٦٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، أن امرأةً مِنَ المُسلِمينَ استُحيضَت فسأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. الحديث (^١).\nورُوِى عن الثَّورِىِّ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ:\n\n١٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنِى سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ قالَت: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِحَمنَةَ فقُلتُ: إنَّها مُستَحاضَةٌ. فقالَ: لِتَجلِسْ أيّامَ أقرائِها ثم تَغتَسِلْ، وتُؤَخِّرُ الظُّهرَ وتُعَجِّلُ العَصرَ فتَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى، وتُؤَخِّرُ المَغرِبَ وتُعَجِّلُ العِشاءَ وتَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلّيهِما، وتَغتَسِلُ لِلفَجرِ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٠ من طريق سفيان به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٤٢: مرسل.\n(^٢) الطبراني ٢٤/ ١٥٦ (١٤٥). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٠٠ من طريق نعيم بن =","vol":"2","page":505},{"text":"ورُوِى عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّة، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ بَيانٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي عليٍّ: عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ. وفِي حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ: عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بَكرٍ. ورِوايَةُ أبي عليٍّ أصَحُّ، قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسول اللَّهِ، إنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ استُحيضَت مُنذُ كَذا وكَذا فلَم تُصَلِّ. فقالَ: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ! هذا مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، لِتَجلِسْ في مِركَنٍ\". فجَلَسَت فيه حَتَّى رأَينا الصَّفَارَةَ فوقَ الماءِ. فقالَ: \"تَغتَسِلُ لِلظُّهرِ والعَصرِ غُسلًا واحِدًا، ثم تَغتَسِلُ لِلمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ غُسلًا واحِدًا، ثم تَغتَسِلُ لِلفَجرِ غُسلًا واحِدًا، ثم تَتَوَضّأُ ما بَينَ ذَلِكَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي عليٍّ: \"لِتَجلِسْ في مِركَنٍ فإِذا رأَت صُفَارَةً فوقَ الماءِ فلتغتَسِلْ\". وذَكَرَه (^١). هَكَذا رواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ، واختُلِفَ فيه عليه، والمَشهورُ رِوايَةُ الجُمهورِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ في شأنِ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ بنتِ جَحشٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ:\n_________\n= حماد به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٤٢: نعيم منكر الحديث انفرد بهذا.\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٦). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٥ من طريق خالد به.\n(^٢) انظر ما تقدم (١٥٧٧، ١٥٧٨).","vol":"2","page":506},{"text":"١٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: جاءَت خالَتِى فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ إلى عائشةَ فقالَت: إنِّي أخافُ أن أقَعَ في النّارِ، إنِّي أدع الصَّلاةَ السَّنَةَ والسَّنَتَينِ لا أُصَلِّى. فقالَت: انتَظِرِى حَتَّى يَجِئَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -. فجاءَ فقالَت عائشَةُ: هَذِه فاطِمَةُ تَقولُ كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ لها النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"قولِى لها فلتَدَعِ الصَّلاةَ في كُلِّ شَهرٍ أيَّامَ قُرئها، ثم لِتَغتَسِلْ في كُلِّ يَومٍ غُسلًا واحِدًا، ثم الطُّهورُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ، ولتُنَظِّفْ ولتَحتَشِى، فإِنَّما هو داءٌ عَرَضَ، أو رَكضَةٌ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، أو عِرقٌ انقَطَعَ\" (^٢).\nورواه عُمَرُ بنُ شَبَّةَ عن أبي عاصِمٍ كَذَلِكَ وقالَ: \"ثم الطُّهورُ بَعدُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ\" (^٣).\nوخالَفَه غَيرُه عن عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ:\n\n١٦٨١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن خالَتِه فاطِمَةَ بنتِ أبى حُبَيشٍ، أنَّها استَحاضَت فأَتَت أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ عائشةَ فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لها، فدَخَلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٧٩)، والحاكم ١/ ١٧٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٧ من طريق عمر بن شبة به.","vol":"2","page":507},{"text":"فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فاطِمَةُ ذَكَرَت أنَّها تُستَحاضُ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"قولِى لِفاطِمَةَ تُمسِكُ عن الصَّلاةِ في كُلِّ شَهرٍ عَدَدَ أقرائِها قبلَ أن يَعْرِضَ لها هذا، ثم تَغتَسِلُ غَسلَةً واحِدَةً، ثم الطُّهرُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ\".\n\n١٦٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ أحمدُ بنُ المِقدامِ. قال عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو ذَرٍّ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَنبَسَةَ، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البُرسانِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ الكاتِبُ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ - وفِي حَديثِ أبى الأشعَثِ، أن خالَتَه فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ - استُحيضَت فلَبِثَت زَمانًا لا تُصَلِّى، فأَتَت أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ عائشةَ، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لها وذَكَرَت قِصَّةً، قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قولِى لِفاطِمَةَ تُمسِكُ في كُلِّ شَهرٍ عن الصَّلاةِ عَدَدَ قُروئِها، فإِذا مَضَت تِلكَ الأيّامُ فلتَغتَسِلْ غَسلَةً واحِدَةً تَستَدخِلُ وتَنَظَّفُ وتَستَثفِرُ، ثم الطُّهورُ عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ وتُصَلِّى، فإِنَّ الذي أصابَها رَكضَةٌ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، أو عِرقٌ انقَطَعَ، أو داءٌ عَرَضَ لها\". قال عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ: فسأَلتُ هِشامَ بنَ عُروةَ، فأَخبَرَنِى بنَحوِه عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: ورُوِى عن الحَجَّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ مَعنَى الرِّوايَةِ الثّانيَةِ عن عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢). والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ غَيرُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢١٦، ٢١٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الخلافيات (١٠٨٠) من طريق الحجاج به، وينظر ما تقدم عقب (١٦٥٣).","vol":"2","page":508},{"text":"مُحتَجٍّ به، وعُثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ الكاتِبُ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ؛ كان يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ ويَحيَى ابنُ مَعينٍ يُضَعِّفانِ أمرَه (^١).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n١٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا قَطَنُ بنُ نُسَيرٍ الغُبَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَرأَةِ المُستَحاضَةِ كَيفَ تَصنَعُ؟ قال: \"تَقعُدُ أيّامَ أقرائِها، ثم تَغتَسِلُ في كُلِّ يَومٍ عِندَ كُلِّ طُهْرٍ وتُصَلِّى\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ مُطَهَّرٍ عن جَعفَرٍ.\nوقالَ وَهبانُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ: \"تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ طُهرٍ\":\n\n١٦٨٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا وَهبانُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قالَت: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المُستَحاضَةِ فقالَ: \"تَقعُدُ أيّامَ أقرائِها، ثم تَغتَسِلُ عِندَ كُلِّ طُهرٍ ثم تَحتَشِى ثم تُصَلِّى\" (^٢). قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ: جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ فيه نَظَرٌ (^٣)، ولا يُعرَفُ هذا الحديثُ لابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨١٦ عن يحيى بن سعيد. وهو في تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ١٤٢. وتقدم الحجاج بن أرطأة في ١/ ٣٦، وعثمان بن سعد عقب (١٦٥٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٠٥).\n(^٣) هو جعفر بن سليمان الضبعى، أبو سليمان البصري. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٤٣: فد وثقة جماعة في الجملة، واحتج به مسلم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٩٢، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٨١، =","vol":"2","page":509},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ ولا لأبِى الزُّبَيرِ مِن وجهٍ غَيرِ هذا، وبِمثلِه لا تَقومُ حُجَّةٌ، واختُلِفَ عليه فيهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عليٍّ أنَّها تَغتَسِلُ كُلَّ يَومٍ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةٍ: لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٢). وعَنِ ابنِ عباسٍ: عِندَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةٍ: لما اشتَدَّ عَلَيها الغُسلُ أمَرَها أن تَجمَعَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ (^٣). وعَنِ ابنِ عمرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: تَغتَسِلُ مِن طُهرٍ إلى طُهرٍ (^٤). وفِى إحدَى الرِّواياتِ عن عائشةَ كَذَلِكَ (^٥)، وفِى الرِّوايَةِ الثانيَةِ: كُلَّ يَومٍ غُسلًا (^٦). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عن عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ: الوُضوءُ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٧).\nوفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباسِ، عن\n_________\n= وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ١٧٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٩٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٣١: صدوق زاهد لكنه كان يتشيع.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٢).\n(^٢) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٧٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٦٧، ١٣٦٩)، والدارمى (٩٣١، ٩٣٣، ٩٣٦)، وشرح المعاني للطحاوى ١/ ١٠٠، والأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ١٦٢ (٥٥).\n(^٣) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٦٣، ١٣٧٠)، والدارمى (٩٣٧، ٩٤٠)، وشرح المعانى للطحاوى ١/ ١٠١، ١٠٢، والاوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ١٦٣ (٥٦).\n(^٤) ينظر الدارمى (٨٤٢)، وسنن أبي داود عقب (٣٠١)، وعندهم: من ظُهْر إلى ظُهْر. وينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٦٧). ولفظه فيه: تغتسل من الطهر إلى الطهر كل يوم مرة عند صلاة الظهر.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٦٧).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه عقب (١٦٨٠).\n(^٧) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١١٦١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٠٠)، والدارمى (٨١٦، ٩٠٢)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٥٠، ٥١).","vol":"2","page":510},{"text":"الرَّبيعِ، عن الشافعيِّ قال: وفِي حَديثِ حَمْنَةَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال لها: \"إن قَوِيتِ فاجمَعِى بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بغُسلٍ، وبَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بغُسلٍ، وصَلِّى الصُّبحَ بغُسلٍ\". وأَعلَمَها أنَّه أحَبُّ الأمرَينِ إلَيه لها، وأَنَّه يُجزِئُها الأمرُ الأوَّلُ أن تَغتَسِلَ عِندَ الطُّهرِ مِنَ الحَيضِ، ثم لم يأمُرْها بغُسلٍ بَعدَه. قال: وإِن روِى في المُستَحاضَةِ حَديثٌ مُغْلَقٌ، فحَديثُ حَمْنَةَ بَيَّنَ أنَّه اختيارٌ وأَنَّ غَيرَه يُجزِئُ مِنه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-394>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُبتَلَى بالمذىِ أوِ البَولِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: كُنتُ رجلًا مَذّاءً وكانَ عِندِى ابنَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فاستَحيَيتُ أن أسألَه، فأمرتُ رجلًا فسألَه فقالَ: \"إذا وجَدتَ ذَلِكَ فاغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضّأْ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ٦١، ٦٢. وعنده: \"مستغلق\" بدل: \"مغلق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٦، وشرح المشكل (٢٦٩٩) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٩).","vol":"2","page":511},{"text":"عن عَطاءٍ قال: كان عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ رجلًا مَذّاءً، فكانَ ياخُذُ الفَتيلَةَ فيُدخِلُها في إحليلِهِ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ، بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: إنِّى لأجِدُه يَتَحَدَّرُ مِنِّى مِثلَ الخُرَيزَةِ، فإِذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم ذَلِكَ فليَغسِلْ ذكَرَه وليَتَوَضّأْ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ. يَعنِى المَذىَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن جُندُبٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ المَخزومِيِّ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ عن المَذىِ فقالَ: إذا وجَدتَه فاغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضَأْ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ (^٤)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيُّوب بنُ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثنى سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: كان زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ قَد سَلِسَ (^٥) مِنه البَولُ، فكانَ يُدارِى مِنه ما غلَبَ، فلَمّا غَلَبَه أرسَلَه. قال: وكانَ يُصَلِّى وهو\n_________\n(^١) الإحليل: مخرج البول من الإنسان. المعجم الكبير ٥/ ٦٢٧ (ح ل ل).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٥)، ومالك ١/ ٤١، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١١.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤١، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٦).\n(^٤) في س: \"حقب\"، وفي م: \"حبيب\"، وتقدم في (١٦٦٨).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"سلسل\".","vol":"2","page":512},{"text":"يَخرُجُ مِنه (^١).\n\n١٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، يَعنِى الحَنظَلِىَّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، [عن الزُّهرِيِّ] (^٢)، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: كَبِرَ زَيدٌ حَتَّى سَلِسَ (^٣) مِنه البَولُ، فكانَ يُداريه ما استَطاعَ، فإِذا غَلَبَه تَوَضّأَ وصَلَّى (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِى في مَعناه حَديثٌ بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ الواسِطىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا بقيِّة بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مِهرانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أن رجلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ بى باسورًا، وكُلَّما تَوَضأتُ سالَ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا تَوَضّأتَ فسالَ مِن قَرنِكَ إلى قَدَمِكَ فلا وُضوءَ عَلَيكَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٢ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"سلسل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٨٢)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٥٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٠٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤ من طريق محمد بن محمد بن سليمان به.","vol":"2","page":513},{"text":"١٦٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ (^١) أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا سوَيدٌ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، أن رجلًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ بىَ النّاصورَ، وإِنِّى أتَوَضّأُ فيَسيلُ. ثم ذكَر الباقِىَ بنَحوِهِ (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا مُنكَرٌ لا أعلمُ (^٣) رواه عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ غَيرَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مِهرانَ (^٤). قال أبو أحمدَ: وهو مَجهولٌ لَيسَ بالمَعروفِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-395>بابُ ما يَفعَلُه مَن غَلَبَه الدَّمُ مِن رُعافٍ أو جُرحٍ</span>\n\n١٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه دَخَلَ على عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ بعدَ أن صَلَّى الصُّبحَ مِنَ اللَّيلَةِ التي طُعِنَ فيها عُمَرُ، فأُوقِظَ عُمَرُ فقيلَ له: الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ، الصُّبحَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: نَعَم ولا حَظَّ في الإِسلامِ لمن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ. فصَلَّى عُمَرُ وجُرحُه يَثعَبُ دَمًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٤٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ١٧٤ من طريق سويد به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"أحدا\".\n(^٤) هو عبد الملك بن مهران، أبو هشام الرقاعى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٧٠، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ١٠٣، وضعفاء العقيلى ٣/ ٣٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٦٥، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٦٩.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣٩، ٤٠. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٨) من طريق ابن بكير به.","vol":"2","page":514},{"text":"١٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ في الراعَفِ لا يَرقأُ: يَسُدُّ أنفَه ويَتَوَضّأُ ويُصَلِّى (^١).\n\n١٦٩٥ - قال الوَليدُ: وأَخبَرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ، أنَّه سمِع ابنَ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىَّ يقولُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\nآخِرُ كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ والحَيضِ\n\nتم بحمد الله ومَنِّه الجزءُ الثاني\nويتلوه الجزءُ الثالثُ\nوأوله: كتابُ الصلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٧٦، ٣٦١٥) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.","vol":"2","page":515},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-396>كتابُ الصلاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-397>بابُ أصلِ فرضِ الصلاةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ عَزَّ ثَناؤُه: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥]. مَعَ عَدَدِ آيٍ فيه ذِكرُ فرضِ الصَّلاةِ.\n\n١٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ بنَ خالِدٍ يُحَدِّثُ طاوُسًا قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى ابنِ عمرَ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، ألا تَغزو؟ فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"بُنِىَ الإِسلامُ على خَمسٍ؛ شَهادَةِ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، وإِقامِ الصَّلاةِ، وإيتاءِ الزَّكاةِ، والحَجِّ، وصَومِ رَمَضانَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى، ورواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه عن حَنظَلَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قراءةً، وحَدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٥)، وفى الشعب (٢٠)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٠١)، والترمذي عقب (٢٦٠٩)، والنسائي (٥٠١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٨)، وابن حبان (١٥٨، ١٤٤٦) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨)، ومسلم (١٦/ ٢٢).","vol":"3","page":5},{"text":"عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ إملاءً (^١)، قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُدَيرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ السَّدوسِىِّ، عن حُمرانَ بنِ أبانٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن عَلِمَ أن الصَّلاةَ حَقٌّ واجِبٌ، أو مَكتوبٌ، دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-398>بابُ أوَّلِ فرضِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n١٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ أنَّه دَخَلَ على عائشةَ فقالَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، أنبِئينِى عن قيامِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَت: ألَستَ تَقرأُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ﴾؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فقالَت: فإِنَّ اللهَ تعالَى افتَرَضَ القيامَ في أوَّلِ هَذِه السّورَةِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه حَولًا حَتَّى انتَفَخَت أقدامُهُم، وأَمسَكَ اللهُ خاتِمَتَها اثنَىْ عَشَرَ شَهرًا في السَّماءِ، ثم أنزَلَ اللهُ تعالَى التَّخفيفَ في آخِرِ هَذِه السورَةِ، فصارَ قيامُ اللَّيلِ تَطَوُّعًا بعدَ فريضَةٍ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن محمد أبو القاسم القرشي النيسابورى السراج، قال عبد الغافر: الفقيه الثقة الجليل القدر، النبيل الأصيل، وجه المحدثين في عصره، توفى سنة (٤١٨ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (٩٩٥)، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكي ٥/ ١١٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٤٩)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٤٢٣) من طريق عمران بن حدير به. وقال الذهبى ١/ ٣٤٦: عبد الملك مجهول.\n(^٣) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (١). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٤٤)، من طريق محمد بن بشر به، =","vol":"3","page":6},{"text":"بشرٍ في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ (^١).\nوقَد أشارَ الشافعىُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى إلى مَعنَى هذا دونَ الرِّوايَةِ، وزادَ فقالَ: ويُقالُ: نُسِخَ ما وَصَفْتَ في \"المُزَّمِّلِ\" بقَولِ اللَّهِ تعالَى: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾. ودُلوكُ الشَّمسِ زَوالُها ﴿إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ﴾ العَتَمَةُ: ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ وقُرآنُ الفَجرِ الصُّبحُ ﴿إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا (٧٨) وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨، ٧٩]. فأَعلَمَه أنَّ صَلاةَ اللَّيلِ نافِلَةٌ لا فريضَةٌ، وأَنَّ الفَرائضَ فيما ذكر من لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: دُلوكُ الشَّمسِ مَيلُها (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: دُلوكُ الشَّمسِ إذا فاءَ الفَئُ، وغَسَقُ اللَّيلِ اجتِماعُ اللَّيلِ وظُلمَتُه (^٤).\n\n١٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n= وأحمد (٢٤٢٦٩)، والنسائي (١٦٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٧) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^١) مسلم (٧٤٦/. . .).\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ٦٨.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١١، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٣٦).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١١، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٢٦).","vol":"3","page":7},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾. قال: إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ عن بَطنِ السَّماءِ لِصَلاةِ الظُّهرِ. ﴿إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ﴾. قال: بَدءُ اللَّيلِ صَلاةُ المَغرِبِ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الدَّيرَعاقولِىُّ. وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، قالا: حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِي سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تَفضُلُ صَلاةُ الجَميعِ صَلاةَ أحَدِكُم وحدَه بخَمسَةٍ وعِشرينَ جُزءًا، وتَجتَمِعُ مَلائكَةُ اللَّيل ومَلائكَةُ النَّهارِ فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ\". ثم يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا﴾ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٥/ ٢٧، ٣١، ٣٢ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٩) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٤٩/ ٢٤٦).","vol":"3","page":8},{"text":"القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ بنِ واقِدٍ الكِلابِيُّ، أخبرَنا مَرْوانُ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، حدثنا قَيسُ بن أبي حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جَريرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو يقولُ: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ نَظَرَ إلى القَمَرِ لَيلَةَ البدر فقالَ: \"إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ رَبَّكُم كما تَرَونَ هذا القَمَرَ، لا تُضامّونَ (^١) في رُؤيَتِه، فإِنِ استَطَعتُم ألا تُغلَبوا على صَلاةٍ\". قال إسماعيلُ: يقولُ: لا تَفوتَنَّكُم. ﴿قبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وقَبلَ غُروبِها﴾. يَعنِى العصرَ والفَجرَ. ثم قرأَ جَريرٌ: ﴿فَسَبِّحْ (^٢) بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا﴾ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، كِلاهُما عن مَرْوانَ (^٤)، إلا أن الحُمَيدِىَّ أدرَجَ القراءةَ في الحديثِ، وقَد أدرَجَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ غَيرُ مَرْوانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ القراءةَ في الحديثِ (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) تضامُّون: يروى بالتشديد والتخفيف؛ فالتشديد معناه: لا ينضم بعضكم إلى بعض وتزدحمون وقت النظر إليه، ويجوز ضم التاء وفتحها. ومعنى التخفيف: لا ينالكم ضيم في رؤيته فيراه بعضكم دون بعض. والضيم الظلم. النهاية ٣/ ١٠١. وينظر معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٢٩، ومشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٩.\n(^٢) هكذا في النسخ، وفي حاشية صحيح البخاري أن اللفظة هكذا في نسخ البخاري، وأثبتها القائمون على تصحيحه \"وسبح\" موافقة للتلاوة. وستأتى في (٢٢١١) كذلك في النسخ \"فسبح\"، وهى في البخاري (٥٧٣) \"فسبح\" وأثبتوها كما هي، لقول الراوى هناك: ثم قال.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة في التوحيد ٢/ ٤٠٩ - ٤١١ (٨) من طريق مروان الفزارى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٤)، ومسلم (٦٣٣/ ٢١١).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٢٢١١).","vol":"3","page":9},{"text":"١٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الشيخُ أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، قال: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ قال: جاءَ نافِعُ بنُ الأزرَق إلى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ في القُرآنِ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقَرأَ: ﴿فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ﴾ قال: صلاةُ المَغرِبِ، ﴿وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ﴾. صَلاةُ الفَجرِ ﴿وَعَشِيًّا﴾ صَلاةُ العَصرِ ﴿وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ﴾ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ [الروم: ١٧، ١٨]. وقَرأَ: ﴿وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ﴾ (^١) [النور: ٥٨].\n\n١٧٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ﴾ قال: صَلاةُ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، ﴿وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ﴾ صَلاةُ الغَداةِ، ﴿وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا﴾ قال: العَصرُ. ﴿وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ﴾ قال: الظُّهرُ.\n\n١٧٠٦ - قال: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ عن سعيدٍ عن قَتادَةَ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٧ - قال: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا عمرٌو، عن الحسنِ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ﴾. قال: صَلاةُ الفَجرِ، والطَّرَفُ الآخَرُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٠، ٤١١ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٨/ ٤٧٥ من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":10},{"text":"الظُّهرُ والعَصرُ، ﴿وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]. المَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٨ - قال: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ﴾. قال: صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ وصَلاةُ العَصرِ، ﴿وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾. قال: المَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٩ - قال: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كان بَدءُ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَتَينِ بالغَداةِ ورَكعَتَينِ بالعَشِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-399>بابُ فرائضِ الخَمسِ</span>\n\n١٧١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَطاءٍ الخَفّافَ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فذكَر قِصَّةَ المِعراجِ وفيها قال: \"وفُرِضَت عَلَىَّ خَمسونَ صَلاةً كُلَّ يَومٍ - أو قال: أُمِرتُ بخَمسينَ صَلاةً كُلَّ يَومٍ - الشَّكُّ مِن سعيدٍ - فجِئتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُ على موسَى فقالَ لِى: بِمَ أُمِرتَ؟ فقُلتُ: أُمِرتُ بخَمسينَ صَلاةً كُلَّ يَومٍ. قالَ: إنِّي قَد بَلَوتُ النّاسَ قَبلَكَ وعالَجتُ بنى إسرائيلَ أشدَّ المُعالَجَةِ، وإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لا يُطيقونَ ذَلِكَ، فارجِعْ إلى رَبِّكَ فسَلْه التَّخفيفَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٢/ ٦٠٤، ٦٠٥، ٦٠٩، ٦١٠ من طرق عن الحسن بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٢/ ٦٠٥، ٦١٠ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩ من طريق سعيد به مطولًا.","vol":"3","page":11},{"text":"لأُمَّتِكَ. فرَجَعتُ فحَطَّ عَنِّى خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ، فما زِلتُ أختَلِفُ بَينَ رَبِّى وبَينَ موسَى، كُلَّما أتَيتُ عليه قال لِى مِثلَ مَقالَتِه حَتَّى رَجَعتُ بخَمسِ صَلَواتٍ كُلَّ يَومٍ، فلَمّا أتَيتُ على موسَى قال لِى: بِمَ أُمِرتَ؟ قُلتُ: أُمِرتُ بخَمسِ صَلَواتٍ كُلَّ يَومٍ. قال: إنِّي قَد بَلَوتُ النّاسَ قَبلَكَ وعالَجتُ بني إسرائيلَ أشَدَّ المُعالَجَةِ، وإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لا يُطيقونَ ذَلِكَ، فارجِعْ إلى رَبِّكَ فسَلْه التَّخفيفَ لأُمَّتِكَ. قُلتُ: لَقَد رَجَعتُ إلى رَبِّى حَتَّى استَحيَيتُ ولَكِن أرضَى وأُسَلِّمُ\". قال: \"فنوديتُ - أو: نادانِى مُنادِى (^١). الشَّكُّ مِن سعيدٍ - أن قَد أمضَيتُ فريضَتِى، وخَفَّفتُ عن عِبادِى، وجَعَلتُ بكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ عَشرَ أمثالِها\" (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأمَوِيُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُنا عن لَيلَةٍ أُسرِىَ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن مَسجِدِ الكَعبَةِ. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: فأَوحَى إلَيه ما شاءَ فيما أوحَى خَمسينَ صَلاةً على أُمَّتِه كُلَّ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ، ثم هَبَطَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ موسَى فاحتَبَسَه فقالَ: يا محمدُ، ما عَهِدَ إلَيكَ رَبُّكَ؟ قال: \"عَهِدَ إلَىَّ خَمسينَ صَلاةً على أُمَّتِى كُلَّ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ\". قال: فإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لا تَستَطيعُ فارجِعْ فليُخَفِّفْ عَنكَ وعَنهُم. فالتَفَتَ إلى جِبريلَ ﵇ كأَنَّه يَستَشيرُه في ذَلِكَ، فأَشارَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مناد\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٧٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٢٠٧)، ومسلم (١٦٤/ ٢٦٤).","vol":"3","page":12},{"text":"إلَيه أن: نَعَم إن شِئتَ. فعَلا به جِبريلُ فقالَ: \"يا رَبِّ خَفِّفْ عَنّا؛ فإِنَّ أُمَّتِى لا تَستَطيعُ هذا\". فوَضَعَ عنه عَشْرَ صَلَواتٍ، ثم رَجَعَ إلى موسَى فاحتَبَسَه، ولَم يَزَلْ يَرُدُّه موسَى إلى رَبِّه حَتَّى صارَ إلى خَمسِ صَلَواتٍ، ثم احتَبَسَه عِندَ الخامِسَةِ فقالَ: يا محمدُ، قَد واللَّهِ راوَدتُ بني إسرائيلَ على أدنَى مِن [هذهِ الخَمسِ] (^١) فضَيَّعوه وتَرَكوه، وأُمَّتُكَ أضعَفُ أجسادًا وقُلوبًا وأَبصارًا وأَسماعًا، فارجِعْ فليُخَفِّفْ عَنكَ رَبُّكَ. فالتَفَتَ إلى جِبريلَ ليُشيرَ عليه، فلا يَكرَهُ ذَلِكَ جِبريلُ، فرَفَعَه عِندَ الخامِسَةِ فقالَ: \"يا رَبِّ، إنَّ أُمَّتِى ضِعافٌ أجسادُهُم وقُلوبُهُم وأَسماعُهُم وأَبصارُهُم فخَفِّفْ عَنّا\". فقالَ: إنِّي لا يُبَدَّلُ القَولُ لَدَىَّ، هِىَ كما كتبْتُ عَلَيكُم في أُمِّ الكِتابِ، ولَكَ بكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ عَشرُ أمثالِها، هِىَ خَمسونَ في أُمِّ الكِتابِ، وهِىَ خَمسٌ عَلَيكَ. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ الأيلِىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصفَهانِىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشافعيُّ قالا: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"هذا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤١٤، ٩٣٠). وأخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٧١٢) عن محمد بن يعقوب به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٤١٦ - ٤٢٠، وفى تهذيب الآثار (٧١٩ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن خزيمة في التوحيد (٣١٥)، وأبو عوانة (٣٥٧) عن الربيع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٧٠)، ومسلم (١٦٢/ ٢٦٢)، وعند البخاري مقتصرًا على أوله.","vol":"3","page":13},{"text":"عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِع طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أهلِ نَجدٍ ثائرُ الرّأسِ، نَسمَعُ دَوِىَّ صَوتِه ولا نَفقَهُ ما يقولُ، حَتَّى دَنا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فإِذا هو يَسأَلُ عن الإِسلامِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ\". قالَ: هل عَلَىَّ غَيرُهُنَّ؟ قال: \"لا، إلا أن تَطَوَّعَ\". قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وصيامُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ\". قال: هَل عَلَىَّ غَيرُهُ؟ قال: \"لا، إلا أن تَطَوَّعَ\". قال: وذكَر رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الزَّكاةَ، قال: هَل عَلَىَّ غَيرُها؟ قال: \"لا، إلا أن تَطَوَّعَ\". فأَدبَرَ الرَّجُلُ وهو يقولُ: واللَّهِ لا أزيدُ على هذا ولا أنقُصُ مِنه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفلَحَ إن صَدَقَ\" (^١). قال الشافعيُّ في حَديثِه: وذكَر الصَّدَقَةَ فقالَ: هَل عَلَىَّ غَيرُها؟ مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو الضَّريرُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مُحَيريزٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن كِنانَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ ﷿ على عِبادِه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٦)، وفى المعرفة (٥٠٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٦٨ بذكر الصلاة فقط، ومالك ١/ ١٧٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٩٠)، وسيأتي في (٤٥٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦، ٢٦٧٨)، ومسلم (١١/ ٨).","vol":"3","page":14},{"text":"فمَن وافَى (^١) بهِنَّ لم يُضَيِّعْهُنَّ، كان له عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهدٌ أن يَغفِرَ له وأَن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، ومَن لم يوافِ بهِنَّ استِخفافًا بحَقِّهِنَّ، فلَيسَ له عِندَ اللَّه عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه وإِن شاءَ غَفَرَ له\" (^٢). وقالَ مالكٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ في هذا الإسنادِ: رجلٌ مِن بنى كِنانَةَ يُدعَى المُخدِجِىَّ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أرأَيتُم لَو أن نَهَرًا ببابِ أحَدِكُم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه كُلَّ يَومٍ خَمسَ مَرّاتٍ ما تَقولونَ مُبْقِيًا (^٤) مِن دَرَنِهِ؟ \". قالوا: لا يُبقِى مِن دَرَنِه شَيئًا. قال: \"فذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ يَمحو اللَّهُ بهِنَّ الخَطايا\" (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ الهادِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-400>بابُ عدَدِ رَكَعاتِ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ</span>\n\n١٧١٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى العَبّاسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"وفى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٩٣)، والدارمى (١٦١٨) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتي في (٢٢٥٧).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يبقى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٢٥)، والترمذى (٢٨٦٨)، والنسائي (٤٦١) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٣٥).\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٦٧/ ٢٨٣)، والبخاري (٥٢٨).","vol":"3","page":15},{"text":"حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ قال: أتَى جِبريلُ ﵇ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. وَذَلِكَ دُلوكَ الشَّمسِ حينَ مالَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ أربَعًا، ثم أتاه حينَ كان ظِلُّه مِثلَه فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى العَصرَ أربَعًا، ثم أتاه حينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ ثَلاثًا، ثم أتاه حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ أربَعًا، ثم أتاه حينَ بَرَقَ الفَجرُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصلَّى الصُّبحَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم أتاه مِنَ الغَدِ في الظَّهِيرةِ (^١) حينَ صارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيءٍ مِثلَه فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ أربَعًا، ثم أتاه حينَ صارَ [ظِلُّ كلِّ شيءٍ] (^٢) مِثلَيه فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى العَصرَ أربَعًا، ثم أتاه الوَقتَ بالأمسِ حينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصلَّى المَغرِبَ ثَلاثًا، ثم أتاه بعدَ أن غابَ الشَّفَقُ وأَظلَمَ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ. فصَلَّى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ أربَعًا. ثم أتاه حينَ أسفَرَ الفَجرُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصلِّ. فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ رَكعَتَينِ ثم قال: ما بَينَ هَذَينِ صلاةٌ (^٣). أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ لم يَسمَعْه مِن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ، وإِنَّما هو بَلاغٌ بَلَغَه.\nوقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ في حَديثٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلٍ:\n\n١٧١٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الظهر\".\n(^٢) كذا في الأصل. وفى غيرها: \"ظله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٧). وأخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢٦٣ (٧٢٤) عن الأسفاطى به.","vol":"3","page":16},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّحْوِىُّ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن مالِكَ بنَ صَعصَعَةَ حدَّثَهم. فذكَر حَديثَ المِعراجِ بطولِه، وفيه فرضُ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ (^١).\nقال قَتادَةُ: وحَدَّثَنا الحسنُ يَعنِى البَصرِىَّ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما جاءَ بهِنَّ إلى قَومِه خَلا عَنهُم حَتَّى إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ عن بَطنِ السَّماءِ نودِىَ فيهِم: الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً. قال: ففَزِعَ القَومُ لِذَلِكَ فاجتَمَعوا، فصَلَّى بهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ لا يَقرأُ فيهِنَّ عَلانيَةً، يَقتَدِى النّاسُ بنَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ويَقتَدِى نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - بجِبريلَ ﵇، حَتَّى إذا تَصَوَّبَتِ الشَّمسُ عن بَطنِ السَّماءِ وهِىَ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ نودِىَ فيهِم بالصَّلاةِ جامِعَةً، ففَزِعَ القَومُ لِذَلِكَ فاجتَمَعوا، فصَلَّى بهِم نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العَصرَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ لا يَقرأُ فيهِنَّ عَلانيَةً، يَقتَدِى النّاسُ بنَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ويَقتَدِى نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجِبريلَ ﵇، حَتَّى إذا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ نودِىَ فيهِم بالصَّلاةِ جامِعَةً، فاجتَمَعوا، فصَلَّى بهِم نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ يَقرأُ في [الرَّكعتَيْنِ ولا يقرأُ في واحدةٍ] (^٢)، يَعنِى عَلانيَةً، يَقتَدِى النّاسُ (^٣) بنَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويَقتَدِى نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجِبريلَ ﵇، حَتَّى إذا غابَ الشَّفَقُ نودِىَ فيهِم بالصَّلاةِ جامِعَةً، فاجتَمَعوا فصَلَّى بهِم نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ يَقرأُ في رَكعَتَينِ عَلانيَةً ولا يَقرأُ في الثِّنتَينِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٣٩) عن محمد بن عبيد الله به، وأحمد (١٧٨٣٤) عن يونس بن محمد بذكر المعراج، ولم يذكر الصلاة. وتقدم في (١٧١٠).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الأوليين ولا يقرأ في الواحدة\".\n(^٣) ليست في: الأصل، د.","vol":"3","page":17},{"text":"يَقتَدِى النّاسُ بنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويَقتَدِى نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجِبريلَ ﵇. قال: فباتَ القَومُ وهُم لا يَدرونَ أيُزادونَ على ذَلِكَ أم لا. حَتَّى إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ نودِىَ فيهِم: الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً. فاجتَمَعوا فصَلَّى بهِم نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ يُطيلُ فيهِما القراءةَ، يَقتَدِى النّاسُ بنَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويَقتَدِى نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجِبريلَ ﵇ (^١).\nففِى هذا الحديثِ وما رُوِى في مَعناه دَليلٌ على أن ذَلِكَ كان بمَكَّةَ بعدَ المِعراجِ، وأَنَّ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسَ فُرِضنَ حينَئذٍ بأَعْدادِهِنَّ.\nوقَد ثَبَتَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - خِلافُ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا فيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاةُ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ إلى المَدينَةِ فُرِضَت أربَعًا، وأُقِرَّت صَلاةُ السَّفَرِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن مَعمَرٍ. قال: وتابَعَه عبدُ الرزاق عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا التَّقييدُ تَفَرَّدَ به مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وسائرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي خيثمة في تاريخه (٤١٦)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٤٥٢، ٤٥٣، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١٢)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٠، والمصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٤٠٧، ٤٠٨ من طريق قتادة عن الحسن.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٧٥) عن عبد الرزاق به. وسيأتي في (٥٤٤٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٩٣٥).","vol":"3","page":18},{"text":"الثِّقاتِ أطلَقوه.\n\n١٧١٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ قال: سُئلَ الزُّهرِىُّ: كَيفَ كانَت صَلاةُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ قبلَ أن يُهاجِرَ إلى المَدينَةِ؟ فقالَ: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: فرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلاةَ أوَّلَ ما فرَضَها رَكعَتَينِ، ثم أتَمَّها في الحَضَرِ، وأُقِرَّت صَلاةُ السَّفَرِ على الفَريضَةِ الأولَى (^١).\nورُوِى عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ عن مَسروقٍ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -:\n\n١٧١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنَّ أوَّلَ ما فُرِضَتِ الصلاةُ رَكعَتَينِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ واطمأَنَّ زادَ رَكعَتَينِ غَيرَ المَغرِبِ لأنَّها وِترٌ، وصَلاةُ الغَداةِ تَطولُ قراءتُها. قالَت: وكان إذا سافَرَ صَلَّى صَلاتَه الأولى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٤٠٦. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (١٣٢٤) عن محمد بن عوف به. والنسائي (٤٥٣) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٥، ٩٤٤) من طريق داود بن أبي هند به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٥٣: هو من رواية بكار بن عبد اللَّه السيرينى، وهو واهٍ.","vol":"3","page":19},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-401>جماعُ أبوابِ المَواقيتِ</span>\n\n١٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ يَومًا، فدَخَلَ عليه عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ فأَخبَرَه أن المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ يَومًا وهو بالكوفَةِ، فدَخَلَ عليه أبو مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىُّ فقالَ: ما هذا يا مُغيرَةُ؟ ألَيسَ قَد عَلِمتَ أن جِبريلَ ﵇ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم صَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم صَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم صَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم صَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم قال: بهَذا أُمِرتَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ لِعُروَةَ: انظُرْ ما تُحَدِّثُ يا عُروَةُ! أوَ إنَّ جِبريلَ هو أقامَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقتَ الصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ عُروَةُ: كَذَلِكَ كان بَشيرُ بنُ أبى مَسعودٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيهِ. قال عُروَةُ: ولَقَد حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ زَوجُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ في حُجرَتِها قبلَ أن تَظهَرَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣، ٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٣٥٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٤٥٠)، وأبو داود (٤٠٧) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى به، وعند أبي داود بذكر آخره. وسيأتي في (٢١٠٧، ٢١٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢١)، ومسلم (٦١٠/ ١٦٧، ٦١١/ ١٦٨).","vol":"3","page":20},{"text":"١٧٢١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرىِّ، أن عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ قال عِندَ عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ فأَمَّنا فصَلَّيتُ معه، ثم نَزَلَ فأَمَّنا فصَلَّيتُ معه، ثم نَزَلَ فأَمَّنا فصَلَّيتُ معه\". حتى عَدَّ خَمْسَ صلوَاتٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: اتَّقِ اللهَ وانظُرْ ما تَقولُ يا عُروَةُ. فقالَ عُروَةُ: أخبرَنِي بَشيرُ بنُ أبى مَسعودٍ عن أبيه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَزَلَ جِبريلُ فأَمَّنا فصَلَّيتُ معه، ثم نَزَلَ فأَمَّنا فصَلَّيتُ معه\". حَتَّى عَدَّ خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الجُمهورُ مِن أصحابِ الزُّهرِىِّ، نَحوَ مَعمَرٍ وشُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ وغَيرِهِم (^٢)، لم يَذكُروا الوَقتَ الذي صَلَّى فيه ولَم يُفَسِّروه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، إلا أنَّه زادَ ما أخبرَ به أبو مَسعودٍ عَمّا رآه يَصنَعُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٧٢٢ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدي (٤٥١) عن سفيان به، وفيه: فأمنى فصليت.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٩) من طريق معمر به. والبخاري (٣٢٢١)، ومسلم (٦١٠/ ١٦٦)، والنسائي (٤٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٦٦٨)، من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (٢١٠٥) من طريق شعيب.","vol":"3","page":21},{"text":"أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَه أن عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كان قاعِدًا على المِنبَرِ فأَخَّرَ العَصرَ شَيئًا، فقالَ له عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: أما إنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ أخبرَ محمدًا - ﷺ - بوَقتِ الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: اعلَمْ ما تَقولُ. فقالَ عُروَةُ: سَمِعتُ بَشيرَ بنَ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"نَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ فأَخبَرَنِى بوَقتِ الصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّيتُ معه، ثم صَلَّيتُ معه، ثم صَلَّيتُ معه، ثم صَلَّيتُ معه، ثم صَلَّيتُ معه\". يَحسُبُ بأَصابِعِه خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ، ورأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ، وربما أخَّرَها حينَ يَشتَدُّ الحَرُّ، ورأَيتُه يُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ بَيضاءُ قبلَ أن تَدخُلَها الصُّفرَةُ، فيَنصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فيأتِي ذا الحُلَيفَةِ قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ، ويُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ حينَ تَسقُطُ الشَّمسُ، ويُصَلِّى العِشاءَ حينَ يَسوَدُّ الأُفُقُ، وربما أخَّرَها حَتَّى يَجتَمِعَ النّاسُ، وصَلَّى الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ (^١)، ثم صَلَّى مَرَّةً أُخرَى فأَسفَرَ بها (^٢)، ثم كانَت صَلاتُه بعدَ ذَلِكَ بغَلَسٍ حَتَّى ماتَ، لم يَعُدْ إلى أن يُسفِرَ (^٣).\nوتَفسيرُ كَيفيَّةِ صَلاةِ جِبريلَ ﵇ بالنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في حَديثِ أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ (^٤)، وهو في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عباسٍ وغَيرِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) الغلس: ظلمة آخر الليل إذا اختلطت بضوء الصباح. النهاية ٣/ ٣٧٧.\n(^٢) أسفر بالصلاة: صلاها وقت الإسفار، أي بعد تبين وقتها وسطوع ضوء الفجر. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٥٢) عن الربيع به. وأبو داود (٣٩٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧١٥)، وسيأتي في (١٧٣٠).","vol":"3","page":22},{"text":"١٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ مَرَّتَينِ عِندَ البَيتِ، فصَلَّى بىَ الظُّهرَ حينَ مالَتِ الشَّمسُ فكانَت بقَدرِ الشِّراكِ (^١)، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيءٍ مِثلَه، ثم صَلَّى بىَ المَغرِبَ حينَ أفطَرَ الصّائمُ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ الفَجرَ حينَ حَرُمَ الطَّعامُ والشَّرابُ على الصّائمِ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ الظُّهرَ مِنَ الغَدِ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَدرَ (^٢) ظِلِّه، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَيه، ثم صَلَّى بىَ المَغرِبَ حينَ أفطَرَ الصّائمُ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العِشاءَ لِثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلِ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ الفَجرَ فأَسفَرَ، والتَفَتَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: يا محمدُ، هذا وقتُ الأنبياءِ مِن قَبلِكَ، والوَقتُ فيما بَينَ هَذَينِ الوَقتَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ - وهو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الشراك: أحد سيور النعل التي تكون على وجوهها، وقدره ههنا ليس على معنى التحديد، ولكن زوال الشمس لا يبين إلا بأقل ما يرى من الظل، وكان بمكة هذا القدر. شرح أبي داود للعينى ٢/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"مثل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٨١)، وأبو داود (٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢٥) من طريق سفيان به، وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث به. وقال: حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":23},{"text":"الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ المَخزومِىُّ - عن حَكيمٍ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^١). ورُوّينا عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢) وأَبِى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ (^٣) وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤) وأَبِى هريرةَ (^٥) وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ (^٦) في قِصَّةِ إمامَةِ جِبريلَ ﵇ النبيَّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ (^٧). وثَبَتَ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ (^٨) وبُرَيدَةَ بنِ الحُصَيبِ (^٩) وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ (^١٠) عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في مَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ في غَيرِ هَذِه القَصَّةِ، ونَحنُ نأتِى على رِوايَتِها إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-402>بابُ أوَّلِ وقتِ الظُّهرِ</span>\nقالَ اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]. قالَ الشافعيُّ: دُلوكُ الشَّمسِ زَوالُها (^١١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٩٣ من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة الزبيرى به. والشافعي في مسنده (١٤٥ - شفاء العى)، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٢) - والدارقطني ١/ ٢٥٨ من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٤٢، ١٧٤٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧١٥)، وسيأتي في (١٧٣٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عمر\". وينظر معرفة السنن ١/ ٣٩٨، والمهذب للذهبى ١/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٧٤٥، ١٧٤٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٤٩).\n(^٧) ليس في: د.\n(^٨) سيأتي في (١٧٣٦، ١٧٥٤، ١٧٧٢).\n(^٩) سيأتي في (١٧٥٥، ١٧٧٣).\n(^١٠) سيأتي في (١٧٢٧، ١٧٢٨، ١٧٣٥، ١٧٣٨، ١٧٥٦، ١٧٥٧، ١٧٧٥، ١٧٩٢).\n(^١١) الشافعي في الأم ١/ ٦٨، وأحكام القرآن ١/ ٥٦، ٥٩.","vol":"3","page":24},{"text":"١٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: دُلوكُ الشَّمسِ مَيلُها بعدَ نِصفِ النَّهارِ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ وخالِدٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دُلُوكُها (^٢) زَوالُها (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ (^٤) مَحمِشٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الحسنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَزينٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي (^٥) أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"وقتُ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ ما لم يَطلُعْ قَرنُ الشَّمسِ الأوَّلُ، ووَقتُ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ عن بَطنِ السَّماءِ ما لم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٧١، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٢٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وتقدم في (١٦٩٩).\n(^٢) في د، س، م: \"دلوك الشمس\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٣٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٥/ ٢٥، والطبراني في المعجم الأوسط (١٣٧١) من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"الحسن بن\".\n(^٥) سقط من: د.","vol":"3","page":25},{"text":"يَحضُرِ العَصرُ، ووَقتُ صَلاةِ العَصرِ ما لم تَصفَرَّ الشَّمسُ ويَسقُطْ قَرنُها الأوَّلُ، ووَقتُ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ ما لم يَسقُطِ الشَّفَقُ، ووَقتُ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحجَّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي أيّوبَ العَتَكِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وقتُ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ وكانَ ظِلُّ الرَّجُلِ كَطولِه ما لم يحضُرِ العَصرُ\" (^٣). وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ بمَعناه. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن الدَّورَقِىِّ عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن هَمَّامٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو دَاودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِيِّ سَعدِ بنِ طارِقٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُدرِكٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٠)، وفى الصغرى (٢٧٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠٢٦، ١٠٩٧) عن أحمد بن يوسف به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٣٦٨) من طريق إبراهم بن طهمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠٢٥) من طريق الحوضى به. وأحمد (٦٩٦٦) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (١٧٣٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٣).","vol":"3","page":26},{"text":"الأسوَدِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ قال: كان قَدرُ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّيفِ ثَلاثَةَ أقدامٍ إلى خَمسَةِ أقدامٍ، وفِي الشِّتاءِ خَمسَةَ أقدامٍ إلى سَبعَةِ أقدامٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داوُدَ.\nوهَذا أمرٌ يَختَلِفُ في البُلدانِ والأقاليمِ، فيُقَدَّرُ في كُلِّ إقليمٍ بالمَعروفِ به مِن أمرِ الزَّوالِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-403>بابُ آخِرِ وقت الظُّهرِ وأَوَّلِ وقتِ العَصرِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ قال: قال صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ ابنَ حَزمٍ، بَلَغَه أن أبا مَسعودٍ قال: نَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - بالصَّلاةِ، فأَمَرَه فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم صَلَّى العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ بقَدرِه مَرَّةً، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم صَلَّى العَتَمَةَ وهِىَ العِشاءُ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم صَلَّى الصُّبحَ حينَ طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، ثم جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ فأَخَّرَ الظُّهرَ إلى قَدرِ ظِلِّه، وأَخَّرَ العَصرَ إلى قَدرِ ظِلِّه مَرَّتَينِ، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٢)، ثم أعتَمَ بالعِشاءِ، ثم أصبَحَ بالصبحِ. ثم قال: ما بَينَ هَذَينِ صَلاةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأبو داود (٤٠٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٠٢) من طريق عبيدة بن حميد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٧).\n(^٢) وجبت الشمس: غابت. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١١٥.","vol":"3","page":27},{"text":"١٧٣١ - قال صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ: وكانَ عَطاءٌ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في وقتِ الصَّلاةِ نَحوَ ما كان أبو مَسعودٍ يُحَدِّثُ.\n\n١٧٣٢ - قال صالِحٌ: وكانَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وأبو الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىُّ يُحَدِّثانِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّلَمِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٧٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، قال: حدَّثَنى حَكيمُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ، فصَلَّى بىَ الظُّهرَ حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ وكانَت بقَدرِ الشِّراكِ، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَه\". وذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"ثم صَلَّى بىَ الغَدَ الظُّهرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَه، ثم صَلَّى بىَ العَصرَ حينَ كان (^٢) ظِلُّ كُلِّ شي مِثلَيه\". وذكَر الحديثَ، وفى آخِرِه: \"ثم التَفَتَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنَّ هذا وقتُ الأنبياءِ مِن قَبلِكَ، الوَقتُ فيما بَينَ هَذَينِ الوَقتَينِ\" (^٣).\nوكانَ الشافعيُّ ﵀ يَذهَبُ إلى أن أوَّلَ وقتِ العَصرِ يَنفَصِلُ مِن آخِرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٨). وتقدم من طريق أبى بكر ابن حزم عن أبى مسعود في (١٧١٥). وسيأتى حديث عطاء عن جابر في (١٧٤٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"صار\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٧٥٢) من طريق الحسين بن حفص به. وتقدم في (١٧٢٣).","vol":"3","page":28},{"text":"وقتِ الظُّهرِ، وأنَّ قَولَ ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"صَلَّى بىَ العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيءٍ مِثلَه\". يَعنِى: حينَ تَمَّ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَه جاوَزَ ذَلِكَ بأَقَلَّ مِمّا يُجاوِزُه. قال: وبَلَغَنِى عن بَعضِ أصحابِ ابنِ عباسٍ مَعنَى ما وصَفتُ، وأَحسِبُه ذكَره عن ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٣٤ - قال الشيخُ: وكأَنَّه أرادَ ما أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عليّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وقتُ الظُّهرِ إلى العَصرِ، والعَصرِ إلى المَغرِبِ، والمَغرِبِ إلى العِشاءِ، والعِشاءِ إلى الفَجرِ (^٢). تابَعَه حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ صاحِبُ الأنماطِ عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في وقتِ الظُّهرِ فقالَ: ووَقتُ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ إلى صَلاةِ العَصرِ، أىَّ وقتٍ ما صَلَّيتَ فقَد أدرَكتَ (^٣).\nومَوجودٌ في السُّنَّةِ الثّابِتَةِ مَعنَى ما وصَفَ الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى وهِىَ ما:\n\n١٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو دَاودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٢٢٦) عن الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٠٨ من طريق حبيب به.","vol":"3","page":29},{"text":"وهَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيُّوبَ الأزْدِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^١)، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"وقتُ الظُّهرِ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ وكانَ ظِلُّ الرَّجُلِ كَطُولِه ما لم يَحضُرِ العَصرُ، ووَقتُ العَصرِ ما لم تَصفَرَّ الشَّمسُ، ووَقتُ المَغرِبِ ما لم يَغِبِ الشَّفَقُ - وقالَ شُعبَةُ: ما لم يَقَعْ ثَوْرُ (^٢) الشَّفَقِ - ووَقتُ العِشاءِ ما بَينَكَ وبَينَ نِصفِ اللَّيلِ، ووَقتُ الصُّبحِ إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ ما لم تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: قال شُعبَةُ: أحيانًا يَرفَعُه وأَحيانًا لا يَرفَعُه. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةُ وهَمَّامٍ (^٤).\nوفيه البَيانُ أن وقتَ الظُّهرِ يَمتَدُّ إلى وقتِ العَصرِ، فإِذا جاءَ وقتُ العَصرِ ذَهَبَ وقتُ الظُّهرِ.\n\n١٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا بَدرُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ، عن أبيهِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن بَدرِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي موسَى سَمِعتُه مِنه، عن أبيه، أن سائلًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فسأَلَه عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، د: \"عمر\".\n(^٢) في س، م، ومسند الطيالسي: \"نور\" بالموحدة الفوقية.\nوثور الشفق: ثوران حمرته، وجاء أيضًا: \"فور الشفق\". بالفاء: وهى بقية حمرة الشمس في الأفق. معالم السنن ١/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٣٦٣)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٩٦) من طريق شعبة به، وتقدم في (١٧٢٨) من طريق همام.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣).","vol":"3","page":30},{"text":"مَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ، فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه شَيئًا، ثم أمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ حينَ انشَقَّ الفَجرُ فصَلَّى، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ الظُّهرَ والقائلُ يقولُ: قَد زالَتِ الشَّمسُ أو لم تَزُلْ. وهو كان أعلمَ مِنهُم، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ العَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ، وأمَرَه فأَقامَ المَغرِبَ حينَ وقَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، وأمَرَه فأَقامَ العِشاءَ عِندَ سُقوطِ الشَّفَقِ. قال: ثم صَلَّى الفَجرَ مِنَ الغَدِ والقائلُ يقولُ: قَد طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ أو لم تَطلُعْ. وهو كان أعلمَ مِنهُم، وصَلَّى الظُّهرَ قَريبًا مِن وقتِ العَصرِ بالأمسِ، وصَلَّى العَصرَ والقائلُ يقولُ: قَدِ احمَرَّتِ الشَّمسُ. وصَلَّى المَغرِبَ قبلَ أن يَغيبَ الشَّفَقُ، وصَلَّى العِشاءَ ثُلُثَ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلَ، ثم قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن الوَقتِ؟ ما بَينَ هَذَينِ الوَقتَينِ وقتٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ (^٢)، ورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن بَدرِ (^٣) بنِ عثمانَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: ثم أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ حَتَّى كان قَريبًا مِن وقتِ العَصرِ بالأمسِ (^٤).\nوفِي ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على صِحَّةِ تأويلِ الشافعىِّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-404>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ الاختيارِ لِلعَصرِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٣٧)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٣٧٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٣ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦١٤/ ١٧٩).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بلال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٦١٤/ ١٧٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نمير به.","vol":"3","page":31},{"text":"عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أتانِى جِبريلُ عندَ بابِ الكَعبَةِ مَرَّتَينِ\". فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه، يَعنى في المَرَّةِ الأُخرَى: \"ثم صَلَّى العَصرَ حينَ صارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَيه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-405>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ الجَوازِ لِصَلاةِ العَصرِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"وقتُ الظُّهرِ ما لم يَحضُرِ العَصرُ، ووَقتُ العَصرِ ما لم تَصفَرَّ الشَّمسُ، ووَقتُ المَغرِبِ ما لم يَسقُطْ ثَوْرُ (^٢) الشَّفَقِ، ووَقتُ العِشاءِ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ، ووَقتُ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ ما لم تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِيِّ (^٤).\nورواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ عن قَتادَةَ وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"ووَقتُ صَلاةِ العَصرِ ما لم تَصفَرَّ الشَّمسُ ويَسقُطْ قَرنُها الأوَّلُ\". وقَد مَضَى بإِسنادِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٢٤)، ولفظه \"أمنى جبريل\".\n(^٢) في م: \"نور\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٦) عن عبيد الله بن معاذ به. وتقدم في (١٧٣٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٢٧).","vol":"3","page":32},{"text":"وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وعَن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصُّبحِ قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ الصُّبحَ، ومَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ العَصرِ قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ العَصرَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ عَدِىٍّ - وكانَ مِن خيارِ خَلقِ اللَّهِ تعالَى - حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ العَصرِ رَكعَةً قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٥). وابن وهب (٤٥٠) - ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٩٨٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٧٣، ومالك ١/ ٦ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٥٤)، والترمذي (١٨٦)، والنسائي (٥١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٩)، ومسلم (٦٠٨/ ١٦٣).","vol":"3","page":33},{"text":"ومَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الفَجرِ رَكعَةً قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى العباسِ رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-406>بابُ وقتِ المَغرِبِ</span>\n\n١٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدَّثَنى حَكيمُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ\". فذكر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: \"ثم صَلَّى بىَ المَغرِبَ حينَ أفطَرَ الصّائمُ\". وَقالَ في المَرَّةِ الأُخرَى: \"ثم صَلَّى بىَ المَغرِبَ حينَ أفطَرَ الصّائمُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السّيّارِىُّ وأبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ حَكيمٍ (^٤) المَروَزيّانِ بمَروَ، قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الفَزارِيُّ، حدثنا عَبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحسينِ، أخبرَنِي وهبُ بنُ كَيسانَ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ قال: جاءَ جِبريلُ ﵇ إلى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٢) عن الحسن بن الربيع به. وأحمد (٧٧٩٨)، والنسائي (٥١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٤)، وابن حبان (١٥٨٢، ١٥٨٥) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٨/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٣٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"حليم\".","vol":"3","page":34},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ فقالَ: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصلِّ الظُّهرَ. فقامَ فصلَّى الظُّهرَ حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم مَكَثَ حَتَّى كان فَىْءُ الرَّجُلِ مِثلَه، فجاءَه فقالَ: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصَلِّ العَصرَ. فقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم مَكَثَ حَتَّى غابَتِ الشَّمسُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ المَغرِبَ. فقامَ فصَلَّاها حينَ غابَت سَواءً، ثم مَكَثَ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ الشَّفَقُ، فجاءَه فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ العِشاءَ. فقامَ فصَلَّاها، ثم جاءَه حينَ سَطَعَ الفَجرُ لِلصُّبحِ فقالَ: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصَلِّ. فقامَ فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ، ثم جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ حينَ كان فَيْءُ الرَّجُلِ مِثلَه فقالَ: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصَلِّ الظُّهرَ. فقامَ فصلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم جاءَه حينَ كان فَيْءُ الرَّجُلِ مِثلَيه فقالَ: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصَلِّ (^١). فقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم جاءَه المَغرِبَ حينَ غابَتِ الشَّمسُ وقتًا واحِدًا لم يَزُلْ عنه فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ المَغرِبَ. ثم جاءَه للعِشاءِ حينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلُ فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ العِشاءَ. ثم جاءَه للصُّبحِ حينَ أسفَرَ جِدًّا فقالَ: قُمْ فصَلِّ الصُّبحَ. ثم قال: ما بَينَ هَذَينِ كُلُّه وقتٌ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رواه بُردُ بنُ سِنانٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n١٧٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الصَّوّافُ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ بِشرٍ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا بُردُ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن جِبريلَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في د: \"العصر\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٣٨)، والترمذى (١٥٠)، والنسائي (٥٢٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب.","vol":"3","page":35},{"text":"﵇ أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُه الصَّلاةَ، فجاءَه حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، فتَقَدَّمَ جِبريلُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَلفَه والنّاسُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم جاءَه حينَ صارَ الظِّلُّ مِثلَ قامَةِ شَخصِ الرَّجُلِ، فتَقَدَّمَ جِبريلُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَلفَه والنّاسُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم جاءَه حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، فتَقَدَّمَ جِبريلُ ﵇ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَلفَه والنّاسُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ. ثم ذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ وقالَ فيه: ثم أتاه اليَومَ الثّانِىَ، جاءَه حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ لِوَقتٍ واحِدٍ، فتَقَدَّمَ جِبريلُ ﵇ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَلفَه والنّاسُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ. قال: وقالَ في آخِرِه: ثم قال: ما بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ وقتٌ. قال: فسأَلَ رجلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّى بهِم كما صَلَّى به جِبريلُ ﵇، ثم قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن الصَّلاةِ؟ ما بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ وقتٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى حاتِمٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ فيما كَتَبَ إلىَّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سألَ رجلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن وقتِ الصَّلَواتِ، فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ حينَ فاءَ الفَىْءُ، وصلَّى العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَه، وصَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، وصلَّى العِشاءَ حينَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٥٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٠) من طريق يحيى بن صاعد به. والنسائي (٥١٢) من طريق برد به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٦٠: برد وثقوه إلا عليا فليَّنه.","vol":"3","page":36},{"text":"غابَ الشَّفَقُ، وصَلَّى الصُّبحَ حينَ بَدا أوَّلُ الفَجرِ، ثم صَلَّى الظُّهرَ اليَومَ الثّانِىَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَه، وصَلَّى العَصرَ حينَ كان ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ مِثلَيه، وصَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، وصَلَّى العِشاءَ في ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، وصَلَّى الصُّبحَ بعدَ ما أسفَرَ، ثم قال: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ أمَّنِى ليُعَلِّمَكُم أنَّ ما بَينَ هَذَينِ وقتٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذا جِبريلُ ﵇ يُعَلِّمُكُم دينَكُم\". ثم ذكَر مَواقيتَ الصَّلاةِ، ثم ذكَر أنَّه صَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم لما جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ في وقتٍ واحِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَسِيدٍ، عن محمدٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يُخبِرُ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَهُم، أن جِبريلَ ﵇ أتاه فصَلَّى به الصَّلَواتِ في وقتَينِ إلا المَغرِبَ قال: \"فجاءَنِي في المَغرِبِ فصَلَّى بى ساعَةَ غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم جاءَنِى مِنَ الغَدِ في المَغرِبِ فصَلَّى بى ساعَةَ غابَتِ الشَّمسُ لم يُغَيِّرْه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٣٩٤) عن حسان بن عطية به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٦٠: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٠١) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وقال البخاري: حديث حسن. العلل الكبير للترمذى ص ٦٣. وينظر البدر المنير ٣/ ١٦٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٤، وقال: صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦١ من طريق =","vol":"3","page":37},{"text":"محمدٌ هو ابنُ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ المُؤَذِّنِ.\nورُوّينا عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ حَزمٍ عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^١)، وعَن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ في هَذِه القِصَّةِ في صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ بنَحوِ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىٌّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ يَعنِى ابنَ الأكوَعِ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَغرِبَ إذا تَوارَتْ بالحِجابِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّيِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ ابنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّجاشِيِّ، حدَّثنى رافِعُ بنُ خَدِيجٍ الأنصارِىُّ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَنصَرِفُ أحَدُنا وإِنَّه لَيَنظُرُ إلى مَواقِعِ نَبْلِهِ (^٥). مُخَرَّجٌ في\n_________\n= الدورى به. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٨٥ عن أبي نعيم دون ذكر المرفوع.\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧١٥، ١٧٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٤٩) من حديث أبى سعيد الخدري.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٥٠) عن مكى بن إبراهيم به. وأبو داود (٤١٧)، والترمذى (١٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٨) من طريق ابن أبي عبيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦١)، ومسلم (٦٣٦/ ٢١٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٦١٩)، والحاكم ١/ ١٩٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"3","page":38},{"text":"\"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: كُنّا نُصلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَغرِبَ ثم نأتِى بنى سَلِمَةَ، فلَو رَمَيْنا لرأَيْنا مَواقِعَ نَبْلِنا (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَوْءَمَةِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَغرِبَ ثم نأتِى السّوقَ، فلَو رَمَيْنا بالنَّبلِ رأَيْنَا مَواقِعَها (^٣).\n\n١٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ القاضِى بمَرْوَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ (ح) قالَ: وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن مَرْثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ اليَزَنِيِّ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو أيّوبَ غازيًا وعُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ يَومَئذٍ على مِصرَ، فأَخَّرَ المَغرِبَ فقامَ إلَيه أبو أيّوبَ فقالَ: ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ يا عُقبَةُ؟! فقال: شُغِلنا. فقال:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥٩)، ومسلم (٦٣٧/ ٢١٧).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٨٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٧) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٩٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٢٩)، وعبد بن حميد (٢٨١) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"3","page":39},{"text":"أما واللَّهِ ما آسَى إلا أن يَظُنَّ النّاسُ أنَّكَ رأَيتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثم تَصنَعُ هَكَذا، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَزالُ أُمَّتِى بخَيرٍ - أو: على الفِطرَةِ - ما لم يُؤَخِّروا المَغرِبَ حَتَّى تَشتَبِكَ النُّجومُ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ أنْ: صَلِّ الظُّهرَ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ قبلَ أن تَدخُلَها صُفرَةٌ، والمَغرِبَ إذا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعِشاءَ ما لم تَنَمْ، وصَلِّ الصُّبحَ والنُّجومُ باديَةٌ، واقرأْ فيها سورَتَينِ طَويلَتَينِ مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زكريا العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ وعُمارَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ - يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ - يُصلِّى المَغرِبَ ونَحنُ نُرَى أن الشَّمسَ طالِعَةٌ. قال: فنَظَرنا يَومًا إلى ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: ما تَنظُرونَ؟ قالوا: إلى الشَّمسِ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: هذا والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه ميقاتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةِ. ثم قال: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]. فهَذا دُلوكُ الشَّمسِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٠، ١٩١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وأحمد (٢٣٥٣٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٣٩) من طريق ابن علية به. وأبو داود (٤١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٧، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٦٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٥٤، =","vol":"3","page":40},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-407>بابُ مَن قال: لِلمَغرِبِ وقتانِ</span>\nوقَد ذكَره الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى مُعَلَّقًا على ثُبوتِ الخَبَرِ.\n\n١٧٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصفَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الإخْمِيمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا بَدرُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه أتاه سائلٌ فسأَلَه عن مَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه شَيئًا، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الفَجرَ حينَ انشَقَّ الفَجرُ والنّاسُ لا يَكادُ يَعرِفُ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ الظُّهرَ حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ والقائلُ يقولُ: انتَصَفَ النَّهارُ. وهو كان أعلمَ مِنهُم، وأَمَرَه فأَقامَ العَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ المَغرِبَ حينَ وقَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ العِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم أخَّرَ الفَجرَ مِنَ الغَدِ حَتَّى انصَرَفَ مِنها، والقائلُ يقولُ: طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ أو كادَت. ثم الظُّهرَ حينَ كان قَريبًا مِنَ العَصرِ، ثم أخَّرَ العَصرَ حَتَّى انصَرَفَ مِنها، والقائلُ يقولُ: احمَرَّتِ الشَّمسُ. ثم أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ حَتَّى كان عِندَ سُقوطِ الشَّفَقِ، ثم أخَّرَ العِشاءَ حَتَّى كان ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلُ، ثم أصبَحَ فدَعا السّائلَ، ثم قال: \"الوَقتُ فيما بَينَ هَذَينِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ يوسُفَ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n= والطبراني في الكبير (٩١٥١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٣٣) عن أبي نعيم به. وأبو داود (٣٩٥)، والنسائي (٥٢٢) من طريق بدر به.","vol":"3","page":41},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه عن بَدرِ بنِ عثمانَ بهَذا الَّلفظِ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ اليَشكُرِىُّ وأبو أيوبَ النَّهرَوانِىُّ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - رجلٌ فسأَلَه عن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ فقال: \"صَلِّ معنا هَذَينِ (^٢) \". فلمَّا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ أمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ يَعنِى الظُّهرَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ العَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقام المَغرِبَ حينَ غابَ حاجِبُ الشَّمسِ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقام العِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ الفَجرَ حينَ طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، فلَمَّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ أمَرَه فأَقام الظُّهرَ فأَبرَدَ بها، فأَنعَمَ أن يُبرِدَ بها (^٣)، وأَمَرَه فأَقامَ العَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ فأَخَّرَها فوقَ ذَلِكَ الذي كان، وأَمَرَه فأَقامَ المَغرِبَ قبلَ أن يَغيبَ الشَّفَقُ، وأَمَرَه فأَقامَ العِشاءَ حينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ، وأَمَرَه فأَقام الفَجرَ فأَسفَرَ بها، ثم قال: \"وقتُ صَلاتِكُم كما رأَيتُم\". زادَ أبو أيّوبَ في حَديثِه: ثم قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ؟ \". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"وقتُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦١٤/ ١٧٨).\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"اليومين\"، وفي س: \"الوقتين\".\n(^٣) أي: بالغ في الإبراد وأحسن، ونعم الشيء: حسن. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ٣٢٣.","vol":"3","page":42},{"text":"صَلاتِكُم بَينَ مما رأَيتُم\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ (^١). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي قُدامَةَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢)، وفِي \"علل أبى عيسى الترمذي\" عن البُخارِىِّ أنَّه قال: حَديثُ أبى موسَى حَسَنٌ، وحَديثُ الثَّورِىِّ عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه في المَواقيتِ هو حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاق الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو - قال شُعبَةُ: وكانَ أحيانًا يَرفَعُه وأَحيانًا لا يَرفَعُه - قال: وقتُ الظُّهرِ ما لم تَحضُرِ العَصرُ، ووَقتُ العَصرِ ما لم تَحضُرِ المَغرِبُ، ووَقتُ المَغرِبِ ما لم يَسقُطْ ثَوْرُ (^٤) الشَّفَقِ، ووَقتُ العِشاءِ ما لم يَنتَصفِ اللَّيلُ، ووَقتُ الصُّبحِ ما لم تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وفِي بَعضِها: لم يَرفَعْه مَرَّتَينِ ورَفَعَه مَرَّةً (^٦). وقَد رَفَعَه (^٧) هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ وهَمّامُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٥٥)، والترمذي (١٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٦٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢٣) من طريق إسحاق به. والنسائي (٥١٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦١٣/ ١٧٦).\n(^٣) علل الترمذي ص ٦٣.\n(^٤) في م: \"نور\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٩٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٢).\n(^٧) في س: \"رواه\".","vol":"3","page":43},{"text":"يَحيَى والحَجّاجُ بنُ الحجَّاج عن قَتادَةَ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم الفَجرَ فإِنَّه وقتٌ إلى أن يَطلُعَ قَرنُ الشَّمسِ الأوَّلُ، ثم إذا صَلَّيتُم الظُّهرَ فإِنَّه وقتٌ إلى أن يَحضُرَ العَصرُ، فإِذا صَلَّيتُم العَصرَ فإِنَّه وقتٌ إلى أن تَصفَرَّ الشَّمسُ، فإِذا صَلَّيتُم المَغرِبَ فإِنَّه وقتٌ إلى أن يَسقُطَ الشَّفَقُ، فإِذا صَلَّيتُم العِشاءَ فإِنَّه وقتٌ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدَّثَنى ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سألَ رجلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ فقال: \"صَلِّ معنا\". فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، وقالَ في اليَومِ الثّانِى: ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٦٦)، ومسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٣) من طريق همام به. وابن خزيمة (٣٢٦) من طريق هشام به، وسيأتي في (١٧٧٤)، وتقدم طريق الحجاج في (١٧٢٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧١).","vol":"3","page":44},{"text":"قبلَ غَيبوبَةِ الشَّفَقِ (^١).\nورواه بُردُ بنُ سِنانٍ عن عَطاءٍ، فذكَر قِصَّةَ إمامَةِ جِبريلَ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، وذكَر وقتَ المَغرِبِ واحِدًا (^٢)، وتِلكَ قِصَّةٌ، وسُؤالُ السّائلِ عن أوقاتِ الصَّلَواتِ قِصَّةٌ أُخرَى كما نَظُنُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. ورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِه: وقتُ المَغرِبِ إلى العِشاءِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-408>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ في تَسميةِ المَغرِبِ بصَلاةِ المَغرِبِ دونَ العِشاءِ</span>\n\n١٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَغلِبَنَّكُم الأعرابُ على اسمِ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ\". فقالَ: \"تَقولُ الأعرابُ: هِىَ العِشاءُ\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥). وبِمَعناه رواه هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ.\n\n١٧٦٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٠٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن الحارث به. وعلقه أبو داود (٣٩٥) عن سليمان بن موسى به.\n(^٢) تقدمت هذه الرواية في (١٧٤٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٣٤).\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٠٥٥٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٤١) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٦٣).","vol":"3","page":45},{"text":"الفِريابِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَسعودٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، أخبرَنا أبى، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغَفَّلِ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَغلِبَنَّكُم الأعرابُ على اسمِ صَلاتِكُم، فإِنَّ الأعرابَ تُسَمّيها عَتَمَةً\".\nقال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ: حَديثُ أبى مَسعودٍ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه في صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ، وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن ابنِ عمرَ في العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: إلا أن الَّذينَ رَوَوه عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ على اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ أكثَرُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-409>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ في تَسميَةِ العِشاءِ بصَلاةِ العِشاءِ دونَ العَتَمَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي لَبيدٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَغلِبَنَّكُم الأعرابُ على اسمِ صَلاِتكُم، هِىَ العِشاءُ، إلا إنَّهُم يُعتِمُونَ بالإبِلِ (^١) \" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ (^٤) بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عتمة الليل ظلمته، ويعتمون بالابل: أي يحلبونها حينئذ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٢). والشافعي ١/ ٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٧٢)، وأبو داود (٤٩٨٤)، والنسائي (٥٤٠، ٥٤١)، وابن ماجه (٧٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٤٤/ ٢٢٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"3","page":46},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوَّادٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن أهلِ الطّائفِ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَغلِبَنَّكُم الأعرابُ مِنَ اسمِ صَلاتِكُم، فإِنَّها في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ العِشاءُ، وإِنَّما سَمَّتها الأعرابُ العَتَمَةَ مِن أجلِ إبِلِها لِحِلابِها\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-410>بابُ أوَّلِ وقتِ العِشاءِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ\". فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: \"وصَلَّى بىَ العِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-411>بابُ دُخولِ وقتِ العِشاءِ بغَيبوبَةِ الحُمرَةِ </span>(^٣)\n\n١٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨١٥٣)، والبزار (١٠٥٥)، وأبو يعلى في مسنده (٨٦٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢٥) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (١٧٢٣، ١٧٣٣، ١٧٤١) من طريق سفيان. وسيأتي في (١٧٧١، ١٧٨٦، ٢١٢٧) من طريق وكيع.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الشفق\". وهى الحمرة التي تبقى في السماء بعد مغيب الشمس وهى بقية شعاعها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"3","page":47},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ (^١). قال أبو مُصعَبٍ: قال مالكٌ: الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا (^٤). وروِى عن عَتيقِ بنِ يَعقوبَ عن مالكٍ عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن عَتيقِ بنِ يَعقوبَ بنِ صُدَيْقٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ، فإِذا غابَ الشَّفَقُ وجَبَتِ الصَّلاةُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٦٤)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٤) من طريق أبى مصعب به، وعنده: عبد الله بن عمر. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٨)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٩ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبيد\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢١٢٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٩ من طريق على بن عبد الصمد به.","vol":"3","page":48},{"text":"١٧٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَحيَى - قالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: هو أخو مُعاويَةَ بنِ يَحيَى الصَّدَفِىِّ - عن حِبّانَ بنِ أبي جَبَلَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عمرَ وعَلِىٍّ وأَبِى هريرةَ أنَّهُم قالوا: الشَّفَقُ الحُمرَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشافعيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ وشَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قالا: الشَّفَقُ شَفَقانِ؛ الحُمرَةُ والبَياضُ، فإِذا غابَتِ الحُمرَةُ حَلَّتِ الصَّلاةُ، والفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ المُستَطيلُ والمُعتَرِضُ، فإِذا انصَدَعَ المُعتَرِضُ حَلَّتِ الصَّلاةُ.\nورُوِّينا (^٣) عن سُفيانَ عن ثَورٍ عن مَكحولٍ أنَّه قالَ: إذا ذَهَبَتِ الحُمرَةُ فصَلِّ. قالَ سُفيانُ: وهو أحَبُّ إلَينا، وذَلِكَ الشَّفَقُ عندَنا؛ لأنَّ البَياضَ لا يَذهَبُ حَتَّى يَمضِىَ اللَّيلُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٦/ ٤٠ من طريق الحسين بن بشران به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٦٥) من طريق أحمد بن حنبل به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر (٩٦٩)، وسنن الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٩، وشرح السنة ٢/ ١٨٦، والصغرى للمصنف (٢٧٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"روى\".","vol":"3","page":49},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: والَّذِى رواه سليمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في أوقاتِ الصَّلاةِ: ثم صَلَّى العِشاءَ قبلَ غَيبوبَةِ الشَّفَقِ. مُخالِفٌ لِسائرِ الرِّواياتِ:\n\n١٧٦٩ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدَّثَنى ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سليمانَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورواه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّسائىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىِّ فقالَ في الأوَّلِ: والعِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ. وَقالَ في الثّانِى: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ: ثم قال في العِشاءِ: أُرَى إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بِشرٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: إنِّى لأعلَمُ النّاسِ بوَقتِ هَذِه الصَّلاةِ صَلاةِ العِشاءَ الآخِرَةِ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّيها لِسُقوطِ القَمَرِ لِثالِثَةٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه شُعبَةُ عن أبي بِشرٍ (^٤). ورواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ ورَقَبَةُ بنُ مَسقَلَةَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٥٨).\n(^٢) النسائي (٥٠٣). وتقدم في (١٧٥٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم في ١/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤١٥)، وأبو داود (٤١٩)، والترمذي (١٦٥)، والنسائي (٥٢٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٩٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"3","page":50},{"text":"عن أبي بِشرٍ عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-412>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ العِشاءِ</span>\nوفيه قَولانِ؛ أحَدُهُما ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ، والآخَرُ نِصفُه، فمَن قال بالأوَّلِ احتَجَّ بما:\n\n١٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ\". فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: \"وصَلَّى بىَ العِشاءَ ثُلُثَ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلَ\" (^٢). يَعنِى في المَرَّةِ الآخِرَةِ.\n\n١٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، عن بَدرِ بنِ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى موسَى، عن أبي موسَى، أن سائلًا سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه شَيئًا حَتَّى أمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ. فذكَر الحديثَ قال فيه: وأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ العِشاءَ حينَ غابَ الشَّفَقُ، فلمَّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ. فذكَر الحديثَ قال فيه: وصَلَّى العِشاءَ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، ثم قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ؟ الوَقتُ فيما بَينَ هَذَينِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٧٧) من طريق هشيم به. والنسائي (٥٢٧) من طريق رقبة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٦٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٩٥).","vol":"3","page":51},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن بَدرِ بنِ عثمانَ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفقيهُ (^٢) في مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَةِ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ بنِ أبي حَفصَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رجلًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فسأَلَه عن مَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ فقال: \"اشهَدْ معنا الصَّلاةَ\". فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا فأَذَّنَ بغَلَسٍ فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ، ثم أمَرَه بالظُّهرِ حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ عن بَطنِ السَّماءِ، ثم أمَرَه بالعَصرِ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ، ثم أمَرَه بالمَغرِبِ حينَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم أمَرَه بالعِشاءِ حينَ وجَبَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم أمَرَه الغَدَ فنَوَّرَ بالصُّبحِ، ثم أمَرَ بالظُّهرِ فأَبرَدَ، ثم أمَرَه بالعَصرِ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ لم يُخالِطْها صُفرَةٌ، ثم أمَرَه بالمَغرِبِ قبلَ أن يَقَعَ الشَّفَقُ، ثم أمَرَه بالعِشاءِ عِندَ ذَهابِ ثُلُثِ اللَّيل أو بَعضِه - شَكَّ أبو رَوحٍ - فلَمّا أصبَحَ قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ؟ ما بَينَ ما رأَيتَ وقتٌ\" (^٣).\nرواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ عن حَرَمِيِّ بنِ عُمارَةَ أبى رَوحٍ (^٤). وقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦١٤/ ١٧٩).\n(^٢) عبيد الله بن عمر بن على أبو القاسم المقرئ الفقيه الفامى البغدادي، ابن البقال، قال الخطيب: كان فقيهًا ثقة. توفي سنة (٤١٥ هـ). ينظر: تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٣٨٢، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة (٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٨٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٢٤) من طريق على بن عبد الله به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٣/ ١٧٧).","vol":"3","page":52},{"text":"فأَقامَ العِشاءَ حينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، اخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ قالَت: أعتَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالعَتَمَةِ حَتَّى ناداه عُمَرُ فقال: الصَّلاةَ، نامَ النِّساءُ والصِّبيانُ. فَخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما يَنتَظِرُها أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ الأرض غَيرُكُم\". ولا يُصَلَّى يَومَئذٍ إلا بالمَدينَةِ، وكانوا يُصَلّونَ العَتَمَةَ فيما بَينَ أن يَغيبَ شَفَقُ اللَّيلِ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ عن أبي اليَمانِ، وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\nومَن قال بالقَولِ الثّانِى احتَجَّ بما:\n\n١٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ (^٤) الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي أيّوبَ العَتَكِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكرَ الحديث قال فيه: \"وقتُ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٥٣٤) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٥٩)، ومسلم (٦٣٨/ ٢١٨)، والنسائي (٤٨١) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٦٢، ٥٦٩).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٧٤) من طريق أبى عمر به. وأحمد (٦٩٦٦) من طريق همام به.","vol":"3","page":53},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"إلى نصفِ اللَّيلِ الأوسَطِ\" (^١). وفِي حَديثِ هِشامٍ عن قتادةَ: \"فإِذا صَلَّيتُم العِشاءَ فإنَّه وقتٌ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ هَلِ اصطَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خاتَمًا؟ فقال: نَعَم، أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ صَلاةَ العِشاءِ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ، فلَمّا صَلَّى أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"النّاسُ قَد صَلَّوا ورَقَدوا، وإِنَّكُم لَن تَزالوا في صلاةٍ مُنذُ انتَظَرتُم الصَّلاةَ\". فكأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى وَبِيصِ (^٣) خاتَمِهِ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُنيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ العَطّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٥٧).\n(^٣) الوَبيص: البريق. النهاية ٥/ ١٤٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٦٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي (٥٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٢) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٨٤٧).","vol":"3","page":54},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَظَرْنا (^١) النبيَّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةً حَتَّى كان قَريبًا مِن نِصفِ اللَّيلِ، فجاءَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - فصلَّى. قال: فكأَنَّما أنظُرُ إلى وبيصِ خاتَمِه حَلقَةَ فِضَّةٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: حَتَّى مَضَى شَطرُ اللَّيلِ. والباقِى بمَعناه (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: سُئلَ: هَل كان لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خاتَمٌ؟ قال: نَعَم، أخَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ وقَد كادَ يَذهَبُ شَطرُ اللَّيلِ أو عِندَ شَطرِ اللَّيلِ، ثم جاءَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ النّاسَ قَد صَلَّوا وناموا، وإِنَّكُم لَن تَزالوا في صلاةٍ ما انتَظَرتُم الصَّلاةَ\". قال أنَسٌ: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى وبيصِ خاتَمِه مِن فِضَّةٍ. وأَشارَ بيَدِه اليُسرَى ووَصَفَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا بَهزٌ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) نظرنا: انتظرنا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٢.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢١٠٨)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٢١٧). وأخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٧٢) من طريق قرة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٤٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨١٩)، وعبد بن حميد (١٢٩٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٥) في م: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٥٧.","vol":"3","page":55},{"text":"العَمِّىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، أنَّهُم سأَلوا أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن خاتَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَره بمَعناه إلا أنَّه قال: ورَفَعَ إصبَعَه اليُسرَى الخِنصَرَ (^١). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ابنُ (^٣) الخُراسانِيِّ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قالَ: أخَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إلى قَريبٍ مِن شَطرِ اللَّيلِ، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى وقالَ: \"إنَّكُم لَن تَزالوا في الصَّلاةِ ما انتَظَرتُموها، ولَولا كِبَرُ الكَبيرِ وضَعفُ الضَّعيفِ\" - أحسِبُه قال: \"وذو الحاجَةِ - لأخَّرتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ\". وهَكَذا رواه بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وغَيرُه عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ (^٤).\nوخالَفَهُم أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ عن داودَ فقالَ: عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n١٧٨١ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٢٨٥) عن أبي بكر ابن نافع به. والمصنف في الشعب (٦٣٧٠) من طريق أحمد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٤٠/ ٢٢٢).\n(^٣) ليست في: د.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٢) من طريق بشر به. وأحمد (١١٠١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٥) من طريق ابن أبي عدى. والنسائي (٥٣٨)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٣) من طريق عبد الوارث وعد الأعلى كلهم عن داود به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٧).","vol":"3","page":56},{"text":"الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أصحابِه وهُم يَنتَظِرونَ العِشاءَ، فقالَ: \"صَلَّوْا ورَقَدوا وأَنتُم تَنتَظِرونَها، أما إنَّكُم في صلاةٍ ما انتَظَرتُموها، ولَولا ضَعفُ الضَّعيفِ وكِبَرُ الكَبيرِ لأخَّرتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ\" (^١).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ عن عائشةَ في هَذِه القِصَّةِ: حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عامَّةُ اللَّيلِ، وحَتَّى نامَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ (^٢). وفِي حَديثِ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ: حَتَّى ابهارَّ اللَّيلُ (^٣). وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ: حَتَّى رَقَدَ النّاسُ واستَيقَظوا، ورَقَدوا واستَيقَظوا (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ: فخَرَجَ عَلَينا حينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ أو بَعدَه (^٥). وفِي حَديثِ أبى المِنهالِ عن أبي بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ: وكانَ لا يُبالِي بتأخيرِ العِشاءِ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ. ثم قال: إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ. وقالَ مُعاذٌ: قال شُعبَةُ: ثم لَقيتُه مَرَّةً فقالَ: أو ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ. وقالَ خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ عن شُعبَةَ: إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ. وقالَ حَمّاد بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي المِنهالِ: إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٧٦)، وابن حبان (١٥٢٩)، وأبو يعلى (١٩٣٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢١٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٥٦٧)، ومسلم (٦٤١/ ٢٢٤). وينظر الكلام على قوله: ابهار الليل. في (١٠١٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٢١٤٣).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٢١٤٥).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٠٠)، ومسلم (٦٤٧/ ٢٣٧).","vol":"3","page":57},{"text":"١٧٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلِ بنِ غَزْوانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ لِلصَّلاةِ أوَّلًا وآخِرًا، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ وقتِ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ، وإِنَّ آخِرَ وقتِها حينَ يَدخُلُ وقتُ العَصرِ، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ وقتِ العَصرِ حينَ يَدخُلُ وقتُها، وإِنَّ آخِرَ وقتِها حينَ تَصفَرُّ الشَّمسُ، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ وقتِ المَغرِبِ حينَ تَغرُبُ الشَّمسُ، وإِنَّ آخِرَ وقتِها حينَ يَغيبُ الأُفُقُ، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ وقتِ العِشاءِ حينَ يَغيبُ الأُفُقُ، وإِنَّ آخِرَ وقتِها حينَ يَنتَصِفُ اللَّيلُ، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ وقتِ الفَجرِ حينَ يَطلُعُ الفَجرُ، وإِنَّ آخِرَ وقتها حينَ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العَبَّاسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّوريَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يُضَعِّفُ حَديثَ محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ. أحسِبُ يَحيَى يُريدُ: \"إنَّ لِلصَّلاةِ أوَّلًا وآخِرًا\". وقالَ: إنَّما يُروَى عن الأعمَشِ عن مُجاهِدٍ (^٢). وقالَ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ \"التاريخ\": حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ لِلصَّلاةِ أوَّلًا وآخِرًا\". رواه النّاسُ كُلُّهُم عن الأعمَشِ عن مُجاهِدٍ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٧٢)، والترمذي (١٥١) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٩٣ (١٩٠٩).\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٦٦ (٣١٧٥).","vol":"3","page":58},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وبِمَعناه ذكَره البخاريُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^١).\n\n١٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قالَ: كان يُقالُ: إنَّ لِلصَّلاةِ أوَّلًا وآخِرًا. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَزارِىُّ وأبو زُبَيدٍ عَبثَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن الأعمَشِ عن مُجاهِدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الطُّفاوِىُّ، حدثنا ايُّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ كان يقولُ: انظُروا، يوافِقُ حَديثِى ما سَمِعتُم مِنَ الكِتابِ أن عمرَ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ إلى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، أن صَلُّوا الظُّهرَ حينَ تَرتَفِعُ الشَّمسُ، يَعنِى تَزولُ، وصَلُّوا العَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ، وصَلُّوا المَغرِبَ حينَ تَغيبُ الشَّمسُ، وصَلُّوا العِشاءَ إلى نِصفِ اللَّيلِ الأوَّلِ، وصَلُّوا الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ أو بسَوادٍ، وأَطيلوا القراءةَ.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الترمذي عنه عقب حديث (١٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ١١٩، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٢ من طريق محمد بن أحمد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي عقب حديث (١٥١) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٢ من طريق عبثر به.","vol":"3","page":59},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-413>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ الجَوازِ لِصَلاةِ العِشاءِ</span>\nرُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: وقتُ العِشاءِ إلى الفَجرِ (^١).\nوَعَنه وعن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ في المَرأَةِ تَطهُرُ قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ: صَلَّتِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ (^٢). وعَن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لأبِى هريرةَ: ما إفراطُ صلاةِ العِشاءِ؟ قال: طُلوعُ الفَجرِ (^٣). ورُوّينا عن عائشةَ قالت: أعتَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ بالعِشاءِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عامَّةُ اللَّيلِ، وحَتَّى (^٤) نامَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ، ثم خَرَجَ إلَيهِم فصَلَّى بهِم وقال: \"إنَّه لَوَقتُها لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِى\". وهَذا يَرِدُ في بابِ تأخيرِ العِشاءِ (^٥).\n\n١٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٦) القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثنى ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ قال: \"لَيسَ في النَّومِ تَفريطٌ، إنَّما التَّفريطُ على مَن لم يُصَلِّ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى يَجِئَ وقتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٩٧٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧) عن عبد الرحمن بن عوف وابن عباس.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٥٩.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"قد\".\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٢١٤٦).\n(^٦) في م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣١٨.","vol":"3","page":60},{"text":"الأُخرَى\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ عن سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-414>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ في تَسميَةِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بالفَجرِ والصُّبحِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]. ورُوّينا عن أبي هريرةَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه أرادَ به صَلاةَ الفَجرِ (^٣).\nوقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصُّبحِ قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ الصُّبحَ\". وذَلِكَ قَد مَضَى بإِسنادِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-415>بابُ أوَّلِ وقتِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n١٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٦٩)، والمعرفة (٩٨٦)، والدلائل ٤/ ٢٨٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤١)، والنسائي (٦١٦) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وأحمد (٣٢٩٧)، والترمذى (١٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٠، ٩٨٩) من طريق ثابت به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨١/ ٣١١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٠٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٣٩).","vol":"3","page":61},{"text":"فَذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه في المَرَّةِ الأولَى: \"وصَلَّى بىَ الفَجرَ حينَ حَرُمَ الطَّعامُ والشَّرابُ على الصّائمِ\". وَقالَ في المرَّةِ الآخِرَةِ: \"وصَلَّى بىَ الفَجرَ فأَسفَرَ\" (^١).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في هَذِه القِصَّةِ قالْ ثم جاءَه، يَعنِى: جِبريلُ ﵇ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، حينَ سَطَعَ الفَجرُ لِلصُّبحِ وقال: قُمْ يا محمدُ فصَلِّ. فقامَ فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ. وقالَ في المَرَّةِ الثّانيَةِ: حينَ أسفَرَ جِدًّا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-416>بابٌ: الفَجرُ فجرانِ، ودُخولُ وقتِ الصُّبحِ بطُلوعِ الآخِرِ مِنهُما</span>\n\n١٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدَّارَبَردِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ فأَمّا الفَجرُ الذي يَكونُ كَذَنَبِ السِّرحانِ (^٣) فلا يُحِلُّ الصَّلاةَ ولا يُحَرِّمُ الطَّعامَ، وأَمّا الذي يَذهَبُ مُستَطيلًا في الأُفُقِ فإِنَّه يُحِلُّ الصَّلاةَ ويُحَرِّمُ الطَّعامَ\". هَكَذا رُوِى بهَذا الإسنادِ مَوصولًا (^٤).\nورُوِى مُرسَلًا وهو أصَحُّ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٢٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٤٢).\n(^٣) السرحان: الذئب، وإنما يشبه بذنب السرحان لأنه مستدق صاعد في غير اعتراض، وهو الفجر الكاذب الذي لا يحل شيئا ولا يحرمه. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ١٧٤.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٩١، وقال: إسناده صحيح. ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"3","page":62},{"text":"١٧٨٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عَلِىٍّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الفَجرُ فجرانِ\". فذكَر الحديثَ مِثلَه سَواءً (^١).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُسنَدًا ومَوقوفًا:\n\n١٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَرزوقٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى النّاقِدَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ فجرٌ يَحِلُّ فيه الطَّعامُ ويَحرُمُ فيه الصَّلاةُ، وفَجرٌ يَحِلُّ فيه الصَّلاةُ ويَحرُمُ فيه الطَّعامُ\" (^٣). هَكَذا رواه أبو أحمدَ مُسنَدًا.\nورواه غَيرُه مَوقوفًا، والمَوقوفُ أصَحُّ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٨ من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٥٦، ١٩٢٧) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. وسيأتي في (٨٠٨٣) من طريق أحمد بن عبد الرحمن به. وفى (٢١٨١) من طريق عمرو الناقد به.","vol":"3","page":63},{"text":"١٧٩٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ فجرٌ يَطلُعُ بلَيلٍ يَحِلُّ فيه الطَّعامُ والشَّرابُ ولا يَحِلُّ فيه الصَّلاةُ، وفَجرٌ يَحِلُّ فيه الصَّلاةُ ويَحرُمُ فيه الطَّعامُ والشَّرابُ، وهو الذي يَنتَشِرُ على رُءوسِ الجِبالِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-417>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ الاختيارِ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n١٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رجلًا سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن وقتِ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ حينَ طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى، فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ أخَّرَ حَتَّى أسفَرَ، ثم أمَرَه أن يُقيمَ فأَقامَ فصَلَّى، ثم دَعا الرَّجُلَ فقالَ: \"أشَهِدتَ الصَّلاةُ أمسِ واليَومَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ما بَينَ هذا وهَذا وقتٌ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا مَعناه في حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ الحُصَيبِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وهو حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٦٥) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢١٩)، والنسائي (٦٤٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٧٣).","vol":"3","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-418>بابُ آخِرِ وقتِ الجَوَازِ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n١٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ (^١) الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذكَر الحديثَ قال فيه: \"ووَقتُ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مِن طُلوعِ الفَجرِ ما لم تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ، فإِذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٢)، فإِنَّها تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَى شَيطانٍ\" (^٣).\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِيِّ، عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، عن هَمّامٍ إلا أنَّه قال: \"فإِذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ فأَمسِكْ عن الصَّلاةِ فإنَّها تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَى شَيطانٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"فأمسك عن الصلاة\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٢٨) مقتصرا على ذكر صلاة الظهر والعصر.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٢/ ١٧٣).\n(^٥) أحمد (٦٩٦٦).","vol":"3","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-419>بابُ إدراكِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بإِدراكِ رَكعَةٍ مِنها</span>\n\n١٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ يَعنى الشَّيبانِىَّ الحافظَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ حدَّثه عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ العَصرِ سَجدَةً قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، أو مِنَ الصُّبحِ قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، فقَد أدرَكَها\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ وزادَ في الحديث: والسَّجدَةُ إنَّما هِىَ الرَّكعَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عَبَّاسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٣) (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٠٠) عن حرملة به. وأحمد (٢٤٤٨٩)، والنسائي (٥٥١) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٩/ ١٦٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"عمرو\".","vol":"3","page":66},{"text":"هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَةً فقَد أدرَكَها كُلَّها\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-420>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّها لا تَبطُلُ بطُلوعِ الشَّمسِ فيها</span>\n\n١٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَنَاحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَنَاحٍ القاضِى المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ عحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (^٣)، حدثنا الفَضلُ يَعنِى ابنَ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أدرَكَ أحَدُكُم أوَّلَ سَجدَةٍ مِن صَلاةِ العَصرِ قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ فليُتِمَّ صَلاتَه، وإِذا أدرَكَ أوَّلَ سَجدَةٍ مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فليُتِمَّ صَلاتَه\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ (^٥).\n\n١٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ ابنُ ابنَةِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا جَدِّى (^٦) أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٨٣) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والنسائي (٥٥٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. والترمذي (٥٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٨) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٨٣٤، ٢٦١١، ٥٧٩٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٥١٥) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٧٤٥٨) من طريق يحيى بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٥٦).\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"ثنا\" خطأ.","vol":"3","page":67},{"text":"الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال (ح) قال أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ: وحَدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وبُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ وعَنِ الأعرَجِ، يُحَدِّثونَه عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الصُّبحِ رَكعَةً قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ [ورَكَعَةً بعدَ ما تَطلُعُ] (^١) [الشمسُ فقد أَدرَكها] (^٢)، ومَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ العَصرِ قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ وثَلاثًا بعدَ ما تَغرُبُ فقَد أدركها (^٣) \" (^٤).\nوبِمَعناه رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن الأعرَجِ وعَطاءٍ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ.\n\n١٧٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ قال: سُئلَ قَتادَةُ عن رجلٍ صَلَّى رَكعَةً ثم طَلَعَ قَرنُ الشَّمسِ، قال: فقال: حدَّثَنى خِلاسٌ، عن أبي رافِع، أن أبا هريرةَ حدَّثه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُتِمُّ صَلاتَه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فقد أدرك الصبح\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أدرك العصر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٥) من طريق الدراوردى به. وتقدم في (١٧٣٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٥٩) عن عفان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٤) من طريق همام به.","vol":"3","page":68},{"text":"١٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا سَعِيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صَلَّى مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ رَكعَةً قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فطَلَعَت فليُصَلِّ إلَيها أُخرَى\" (^١).\n\n١٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ [عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحسنُ] (^٢) بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم رَكعَةً مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ ثم طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ فليُصَلِّ إلَيها أُخرَى\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا أبو بكرٍ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فقَرأَ \"آلَ عِمرانَ\" فقالوا: كادَتِ الشَّمسُ تَطلُعُ. قال: لَو طَلَعَت لم تَجِدْنا غافِلينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٣٩) عن روح به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٣) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧١٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٨١ من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"3","page":69},{"text":"١٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ - ﵁ - الفَجرَ، فما سَلَّمَ حَتَّى ظَنَّ الرِّجالُ ذَوو العُقولِ أن الشَّمسَ قَد طَلَعَت، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ قالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، كادَتِ الشَّمسُ تَطلُعُ. قال: فتَكَلَّمَ بشَيءٍ لم أفهَمْه. فقُلت: أَيَّ شَيءٍ قالَ؟ فقالوا: قال: لَو طَلَعَت (^١) لم تَجِدْنا غافِلينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-421>بابُ مُراعاةِ أدِلَّةِ المَواقيتِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وعَلِيُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ قالا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ العَطّارُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ السَّكسَكِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبي أوفَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ خيارَ عِبادِ اللَّهِ الَّذينَ يُراعُونَ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ والنُّجومَ والأظِلَّةَ لِذِكرِ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ بإِسنادِه هَكَذا، وهو ثِقَةٌ.\n\n١٨٠٤ - وقَد أخبرَناه أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"الشمس\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧١٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٥١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (١٨٧٦)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٣٩٨) من طريق عبد الجبار به. وينظر الصحيحة (٣٤٤٠).","vol":"3","page":70},{"text":"أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن إبراهيمَ السَّكسَكِىِّ، حدَّثَنى أصحابُنا، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ أنَّه قال: إنَّ أحَبَّ عِبادِ اللَّهِ إلى اللَّهِ الَّذينَ يُحِبّونَ اللَّهَ، ويُحَبِّبونَ اللَّهَ إلى النّاسِ، والَّذينَ يُراعونَ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ والنُّجومَ والأظِلَّةَ لِذِكرِ اللَّهِ (^١).\nورُوِى مَوقوفًا على أبي هريرةَ في مَعناه:\n\n١٨٠٥ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ أبو يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن واصِلٍ، [عن أبي] (^٢) أيّوبَ الأُسوارِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: ألا إنَّ خيارَ أُمَّةِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - الَّذينَ يُراعونَ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ (^٣) لِمَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-422>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في الأذانِ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ يَعقوبَ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُنادِى بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُنادِىَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ رجلًا أعمَى لا يُنادِى حَتَّى يُقالَ له: أصبَحتَ أصبَحتَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٧٤٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٥١ من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٢) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"والنجوم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٩) من طريق أبى النضر به. وأحمد (٤٥٥١)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"3","page":71},{"text":"القَعنَبِيِّ (^١)، وأَرسَلَه الشَّافِعِيُّ وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الرّواةِ عن مالكٍ (^٢)، والحَديثُ في الأصلِ مَوصولٌ، وقَد وصَلَه جَماعَةٌ عن مالكٍ مِنهُمُ ابنُ وهبٍ ورَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ وعَبدُ الرزاقِ (^٣) وكامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، ووَصَلَه أيضًا جَماعَةٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ: قالَ أخبرَنِى يونُسُ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى تَسمَعوا أذانَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". قال يونُسُ في الحديثِ: وكانَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ هو الأعمَى الذي أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فيه: ﴿عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى﴾. كان يُؤَذِّنُ مَعَ بلالٍ. قالَ سالِمٌ: وكانَ رجلًا ضَريرَ البَصَرِ ولَم يَكُنْ يُؤَذِّنُ حَتَّى يَقولَ له النّاسُ حينَ يَنظُرونَ إلى بُزوغِ الفَجرِ: أذِّنْ (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n= (٤٠١) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٢٧).\n(^١) البخاري (٦١٧).\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ٨٣، والموطأ برواية يحيى بن يحيى ١/ ٧٤، وبرواية محمد بن الحسن (٣٤٨)، وبرواية أبى مصعب (٢٠٢).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٥١) عن عبد العزيز بن الماجشون. والدارمى (١٢٢٦) عن ابن عيينة كلاهما عن الزهري به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٠). والترمذي (٢٠٣)، والنسائي (٦٣٨) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"3","page":72},{"text":"عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن اللَّيثِ، وعَن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ دونَ القِصَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُنادِي بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُنادِىَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَوادَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَغُرَّنَّكُم مِن سُحورِكُم أذانُ بلالٍ ولا بَياضُ الأُفُقِ المُستَطيلُ حَتَّى يَستَطيرَ هَكَذا\" (^٤). وحَكاه حَمّادٌ بيَدِه، يَعنِى مُعتَرِضًا. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٩٢/ ٣٦، ٣٧).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٧٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١٦)، والنسائي (٦٣٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٤٨) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢٠١٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٢٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سوادة به. والترمذي (٧٠٦)، والنسائي (٢١٧١) من طريق سوادة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٩٤/ ٤٣).","vol":"3","page":73},{"text":"١٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ المُقرِئَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحسينُ بنُ عَلُّوسا بأَسَداباذَ هَمَذانَ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنى زيادُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ الحارِثِ الصُّدائيَّ يُحَدِّثُ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فبايَعتُه على الإِسلامِ. وذكَر حَديثًا طَويلًا قال: فلَمّا كان أذانُ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ أمَرَنِي فأَذَّنتُ فجَعَلتُ أقولُ: أُقيمُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنظُرُ إلى ناحيَةِ المَشرِقِ إلى الفَجرِ، فيَقولُ: \"لا\". حَتَّى إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ نَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فتَبَرَّزَ ثم انصَرَفَ إلَىَّ وقَد تَلاحَقَ أصحابُه فقالَ: \"هَل مِن ماءٍ يا أخا صُداءٍ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا، إلا شَيءٌ قَليلٌ لا يَكفيكَ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلْه في إناءٍ ثم ائتِنِى به\". ففَعَلتُ فوَضَعَ كَفَّه في الماءِ، قال الصُّدائىُّ: فرأَيتُ بَينَ إصبَعَينِ مِن أصابِعِه عَينًا تَفورُ. فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَولا أنِّى أستَحيِى مِن رَبِّى لَسَقَينا وأَسقَينا، نادِ بأَصحابِى مَن كان له حاجَةٌ في الماءِ\". فنادَيتُ فيهِم فأَخَذَ مَن أرادَ مِنهُم، ثم قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى الصَّلاةِ، فأَرادَ بلالٌ أن يُقيمَ فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أخا صُداءٍ هو أذَّنَ، ومَن أذَّنَ فهوَ يُقيمَ\". قال الصُّدائىُّ: فأَقَمتُ الصَّلاةَ (^٣). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) في د: \"همدان\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٤). وفى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٥٥، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٩٥. وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"3","page":74},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ غانِمٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، مُختَصَرًا، وقالَ في الحديثِ: لَمّا كان أوَّلُ أذانِ الصُّبحِ أمَرَنِى النبيُّ - ﷺ - فأَذَّنتُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-423>بابُ ذِكرِ المَعانِي التي يُؤَذِّنُ لها بلالٌ بلَيلٍ</span>\n\n١٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ سَعدٍ السَّمّانُ (^٢)، حدثنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ (ح) قال: وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن سليمانَ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدًا مِنكُم أذانُ بلالٍ - أو قال: نِداءُ بلالٍ - مِن سُحورِه، فإِنَّه يُؤَذِّنُ - أو قال: يُنادِى - لِيَرجِعَ قائمَكُم\". أو: \"ليَنتَبِهَ نائمُكُم\". ثم قال: \"لَيسَ أن يَقولَ هَكَذا\". أو قال: \"هَكَذا حَتَّى يَقولَ هَكَذا\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن سليمانَ (^٤)،\n_________\n= (١٧٥٣٨)، وأبو داود (٥١٤)، والترمذي (١٩٩)، وابن ماجه (٧١٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زياد به، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٧٥: وهو ضعيف. وسيأتي في (١٨٩٠).\n(^١) أبو داود (٥١٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"بن اليمان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٤٤١.\n(^٣) أحمد (٤١٤٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٤٩)، والنسائي (٦٤١، ٢١٧٠)، وابن ماجه (١٦٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٠٢، ١٩٢٨) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢١، ٥٢٩٨، ٧٢٤٧).","vol":"3","page":75},{"text":"ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-424>بابُ القدْرِ الذى كان بَينَ أذانِ بلالٍ وابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، ورِوايَةُ مَن قَدَّمَ أذانَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ على أذانِ بلالٍ</span>\n\n١٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عَبدَةُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشَةَ. وعَن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالا: كان لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُؤَذِّنانِ؛ بلالٌ وابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". قال القاسِمُ: لم يَكُنْ بَينَ أذانِهِما إلا أن يَنزِلَ هذا ويَرقَى هَذا (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عَبدَةَ (^٤)، ورواه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٥).\n\n١٨١٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبيبِ (^٦) بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى عَمَّتِى أُنَيسَةُ قالَت: كان بلالٌ وابنُ أُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٩٣/ ٣٩).\n(^٢) في س، د: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٩٥)، والنسائي (٦٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٤٠٣) من طريق عبيد الله به، وسيأتي في (٨١٠١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٩٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٢٢، ٦٢٣، ١٩١٨).\n(^٦) في النسخ: \"حبيب\". وسيأتي على الصواب في الأسانيد التالية، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٢٧.","vol":"3","page":76},{"text":"مَكتومٍ يُؤَذِّنانِ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ ابنُ أُمِّ مكتومٍ\". فكُنّا نَحبِسُ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ عن الأذانِ فنَقولُ: كما أنتَ حَتَّى نَتَسَحَّرَ، كما أنتَ حَتَّى نَتَسَحَّرَ. ولَم يَكُنْ بَينَ أذانِهِما إلا أن يَنزِلَ هذا ويَصعَدَ هَذا (^١). وهَكَذا رواه عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ وأبو عمرَ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّتِى أُنَيسَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ يُنادِى بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُنادِىَ بلالٌ\" (^٣).\nهَكَذا رواه محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ الرَّازِىُّ عَنهُما. ورواه محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الكُدَيمِيُّ عن أبي الوَليدِ كما رواه الطَّيالِسِىُّ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ (^٤).\nورواه سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وجَماعَةٌ بالشَّكِّ:\n\n١٨١٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٧٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٣٤ من طريق عمرو به. وابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء ٢/ ٨٣٠ من طريق خالد بن الحارث كلاهما عن شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ١٩١ (٤٨٠) من طريق أبى عمر حفص بن عمر به. وساق لفظه على الشك. وأحمد (٢٧٤٤٠)، والنسائي (٦٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٤٠٤)، والطحاوى ١/ ١٣٨، وابن حبان (٣٤٧٤) من طريق خبيب به وبنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٣٦٤ عن أبي الوليد به.","vol":"3","page":77},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنى خُبَيبُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّتِى، وكانَت قَد حَجَّت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قالت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". أو قال: \"إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ بلالٌ\". قالت: وكانَ يَصعَدُ هذا ويَنزِلُ هذا، فكُنّا نَتَعَلَّقُ به فنَقولُ: كما أنتَ حَتَّى نَتَسَحَّرَ (^١).\n\n١٨١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ قال: فإِن صَحَّ رِوايَةُ أبى عمرَ وغَيرِه، فقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ بَينَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ وبَينَ بلالٍ نُوَبٌ، فكانَ بلالٌ إذا كانَت نَوبَتُه أذَّنَ بلَيلٍ، وكانَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ إذا كانَت نَوبَتُه أذَّنَ بلَيلٍ، وهَذا جائزٌ صَحيحٌ، وإِن لم يَصِحَّ فقَد صَحَّ خَبَرُ ابنِ عمرَ وابنِ مَسعودٍ وسَمُرَةَ وعائشَةَ أن بلالًا كان يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى في حَديثِ عُروةَ عن عائشةَ تَقديمُ أذانِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ:\n\n١٨١٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى المَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مكتومٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في المعجم الكبير ٢٤/ ١٩١ (٤٨٠)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٥٦٣) من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد اللَّه به. وأحمد (٢٧٤٣٩) عن عفان، وابن خزيمة (٤٠٥) من طريق محمد بن جعفر كلاهما عن شعبة بنحوه على الشك.\n(^٢) صحيح ابن خزيمة عقب حديث (٤٠٨).","vol":"3","page":78},{"text":"رجلٌ أعمَى، فإِذا أذَّنَ فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ بلالٌ\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وكانَ بلالٌ يُبصِرُ الفَجرَ. قال هِشامٌ: وكانَت عائشَةُ تَقولُ: غَلِطَ ابنُ عُمَرَ (^١). كَذا روَى بإِسنادِه، وحَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشةَ أصَحُّ (^٢).\nورواه الواقِدِىُّ - ولَيسَ بحُجَّةٍ (^٣) - بإِسنادٍ له عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ:\n\n١٨١٨ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرَ الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ بلالٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الحاكِمُ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا شَبيبُ بنُ غَرقَدَةَ، أنَّه سمِع حِبّانَ بنَ الحارِثِ يقولُ: أتَيتُ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ وهو مُعَسكِرٌ بدَيرِ أبى موسَى فوَجَدتُه يَطعَمُ فقالَ: ادنُ فكُلْ. فقُلتُ: إنِّي أُريدُ الصَّومَ. فَقالَ: وأَنا أُريدُ الصَّومَ. فلَمَّا فرَغَ مِن طَعامِه قال لابنِ النَّبّاحِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٠٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨١٢).\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في ١/ ١١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٤/ ٢٠٩ عن الواقدى به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٧٦: وهو متروك.","vol":"3","page":79},{"text":"أقِمِ الصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-425>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى النَّهىَ عن الأذانِ قبلَ الوَقتِ</span>\n\n١٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن بلالًا أذَّنَ قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَرجِعَ فيُنادِىَ: \"ألا إنَّ العَبدَ نامَ، ألا إنَّ العَبدَ نامَ\". ثَلاثًا. زادَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ في حَديثِه: فرَجَعَ فنادَى: ألا إنَّ العَبدَ نامَ (^٢).\nهذا حَديثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بوَصلِه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن أيّوبَ. ورُوِى أيضًا عن سعيدِ بنِ زَرْبِيٍّ عن أيّوبَ، إلا أن سَعيدًا ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ حَمّادٍ مُنفَرِدَةٌ، وحَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ أصَحُّ مِنها (^٤)، ومَعَه رِوايَةُ الزُّهرِيِّ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤١). وسيأتي في (٢١٧٦). وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٧: مجموع ما ورد في تقديم الأذان قبل الفجر إنما ذلك بزمن يسير لعله لا يبلغ مقدار قراءة الواقعة أو نحو ذلك، بل أقل، فبهذا المقدار تحصل فضيلة التقديم لا بأكثر، أما ما يفعل في زماننا من أنه يؤذن للفجر أولا من الثلث الأخير فخلاف السنة لو سلم جوازه.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٢) من طريق موسى به. وعبد بن حميد (٧٨٠)، وأبو داود (٥٣٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) هو سعيد بن زربى الخزاعي البصري العبَّادانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٧٣، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٣١٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٠١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٤٣٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٣٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٩٥: منكر الحديث.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨١٢).","vol":"3","page":80},{"text":"سالِمٍ عن أبيهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ وطالوتُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ نَحوَ حَديثِ أبى عمرَ الضَّريرِ. ثم قال: قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: أخطأَ حَمّادٌ في هذا الحديثِ، والصَّحيحُ حَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى عن نافِعٍ، وحَديثُ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ المُطَرِّزَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقولُ: حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن بلالًا أذَّنَ قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ. شاذٌّ غَيرُ واقِعٍ على القَلبِ، وهو خِلافُ ما رواه النّاسُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه معمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن أيّوبَ قال: أذَّنَ بلالٌ مَرَّةً بلَيلٍ. فذكَره مُرسَلًا (^٣). وروِى عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ عن نافِعٍ مَوصولًا، وهو ضَعيفٌ لا يَصِحُّ.\n\n١٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ خالِدٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٤) بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت في (١٨٠٧). وحول هذا الحديث والصحيح في قصته يراجع: العلل لابن أبي حاتم ١/ ١١٤، وعلل الدارقطني ١٢/ ٣٣٩، والعلل المتناهية لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٢) ذكره الترمذي عقب حديث (٢٠٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٨)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٤ عن معمر به.\n(^٤) بعده في الأصل، د: \"بن محمد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٣٨.","vol":"3","page":81},{"text":"ابنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن بلالًا أذَّنَ بلَيلٍ فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ \". قالَ: استَيقَظتُ وأَنا وَسْنَانُ فظَنَنتُ أن الفَجرَ قَد طَلَعَ فأَذَّنتُ، فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُنادِىَ في المَدينَةِ ثَلاثًا: \"إنَّ العَبدَ رَقَدَ\". ثم أقعدَه إلى جَنبِه حَتَّى طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، ثم قال: \"قُمِ الآنَ\". قال: ثم رَكَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَيِ الفَجرِ (^١).\nورواه أيضًا عامِرُ بنُ مُدرِكٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ مَوصولًا مُختَصَرًا، وهو وهمٌ، والصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ شُعَيبِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، حدثنا نافِعٌ، عن مُؤَذِّنٍ لِعُمَرَ يُقالُ له: مَسروحٌ. أذَّنَ قبلَ الصُّبحِ فأَمَرَه عُمَرُ. ذكَر نَحوَه، يَعنِى نَحوَ حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\nقالَ أبو داودَ (^٤): ورواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن نافِعٍ أو غَيرِه، أن مُؤَذِّنًا لِعُمَرَ يُقالُ له: مَسروحٌ. أو غَيرُه. ورواه الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان لِعُمَرَ مُؤَذَنٌ يُقالُ له: مَسعودٌ. فذكَر نَحوَه. قال أبو داودَ: وهَذا أصَحُّ مِن ذاكَ. يَعنِى: حَديثُ عمرَ (^٥) أصَحُّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٣٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي محذورة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٤ من طريق عامر به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣)، وأبو داود (٥٣٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٩٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب حديث (٥٣٣).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"ابن عمر\".","vol":"3","page":82},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه قال: عَجِّلوا الأذانَ بالصُّبحِ يَدَّلِجُ المُدَّلِجُ (^١) [وتخرجُ العامِرَةُ] (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِرْيابِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن شَدّادٍ مَولَى عِياضٍ (^٣) قال: جاءَ بلالٌ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - وهو يَتَسَحَّرُ فقالَ: \"لا تُؤَذِّنْ حتَّى تَرَى الفَجرَ\". ثم جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ فقالَ: \"لا تُؤَذِّنْ حَتَّى يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ\". ثم جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ فقالَ: \"لا تُؤَذِّنْ حَتَّى تَرَى الفَجرَ هَكَذا\". وجَمَعَ بَينَ يَدَيه ثم فرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٤). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\nقال أبو داودَ السِّجستانِيُّ: شَدّادٌ مَولَى عِياضٍ لم يُدرِكْ بلالًا.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ عن أبي داوُدَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ قَد بَيَّنّا ضَعفَها في كِتابِ \"الخلاف\" (^٦)، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مُرسَلًا مِن حَديثِ حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ وغَيرِهِ:\n\n١٨٢٥ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أدلج بالتخفيف من أول الليل، وادّلج بالتشديد من آخر الليل\". وأدلج إدلاجا: سار الليل كله، فإن خرج آخر الليل فقد ادَّلج بالتشديد. المصباح المنير ص ٧٦.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"وتخرج العاهرة\". وفى س:، يخرج العائرة\". وعمار البيوت: سكانها من الجن. مختار الصحاح ١/ ٤٦٧. والأثر أخرجه الشافعي في القديم كما في المعرفة للمصنف ١/ ٤١٢.\n(^٣) في د: \"عاصم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٣٤)، والبزار (١٣٧٤)، والطبراني (١١٢١) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (٥٣٤).\n(^٦) لم نجده في المطبوع من الخلافيات، وهو في مختصر الخلافيات لابن فرح اللخمى ١/ ٤٦٧.","vol":"3","page":83},{"text":"الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: أذَّنَ بلالٌ بلَيلٍ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ إلى مَقامِكَ فنادِ ثَلاثًا: ألا إنَّ العَبدَ نامَ\". وهو يقولُ:\nلَيتَ بلالًا لم تَلِدْه أُمُّه ... وابتَلَّ مِن نَضْحِ دَمٍ جَبينُه\nفنادَى ثَلاثًا: إنَّ العَبدَ نامَ (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ مُرسَلًا، والأحاديثُ الصِّحاحُ التي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكرُها مَعَ فِعلِ أهلِ الحَرَمَينِ أَولى بالقَبولِ مِنه، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٨٢٦ - أخبرنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا [حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ] (^٢)، حدَّثَنى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ حَربٍ قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: ألَيسَ قَد أمَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بلالًا أن يُعيدَ الأذانَ؟ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا\". قُلتُ: ألَيسَ قَد أمَرَه أن يُعيدَ الأذانَ؟ قال: لا، لم يَزَلِ الأذانُ عندَنا بلَيلٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-426>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ في الأذانِ لِسائرِ الصَّلَواتِ بعدَ دُخولِ الوَقتِ</span>\n\n١٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم الفضل بن دكين في كتاب الصلاة (٢٢١) عن سليمان به. والدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٤ من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"إسحاق\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥١.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٥)، وأحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٤٧٥) دون ذكر الأذان، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ١٣٧.","vol":"3","page":84},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، حدثنا سِماكٌ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان بلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ إذا دَحَضَتِ الشَّمسُ (^١)، ثم لا يُقيمُ حَتَّى يَرَى النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فإِذا رآه أقامَ حينَ يَراه (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى خَيثَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الهَمدانِىُّ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ قال: أتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - في نَفَرٍ مِن قَومِى، فأَقَمْنا عندَه عِشرينَ لَيلَةً، وكانَ رَحيمًا رَقيقًا، فلَمّا رأَى شَوقَنا إلى أهلينا قال: \"ارجِعوا فكونوا فيهِم وعَلِّموهُم وصَلُّوا، فإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم أحَدُكُم، وليَؤُمَّكُم أكبَرُكُم\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، د. ودحضت الشمس: أى زالت عن وسط السماء إلى جهة المغرب، كأنها دحضت، أى زلقت. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٠٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٥٢) عن أبي النضر به، بدون ذكر أبى إسحاق. وأبو داود (٤٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٧١٣) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٠٦/ ١٦٠) عن أبي خيثمة عن سحاك بدون ذكر أبى إسحاق.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٢٥٣) من طريق وهيب به. وسيأتي في (١٩٦٣، ١٩٦٤، ٢٣٠١، ٥٠٦٣، ٥٠٦٤، ٥٣٥٩).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٢٨).","vol":"3","page":85},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: قال مالكٌ: لم يَزَلِ الصُّبحُ يُنادَى بها قبلَ الفَجرِ، فأَمّا غَيرُها مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ فإِنّا لم نَرَها يُنادَى لها (^١) إلا بعدَ أن يَحِلَّ وقتُها (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: قال الشافعيُّ: لا يُؤَذَّنُ لِصَلاةٍ غَيرِ الصُّبحِ إلا بعدَ وقتِها؛ لأنِّى لم أعلَمْ أحَدًا حَكَى عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه أذَّنَ لِصَلاةٍ قبلَ وقتِها غَيرَ الفَجرِ، ولَم نَرَ المُؤَذِّنينَ عندَنا يُؤَذِّنونَ إلا بعدَ دُخولِ وقتِها إلا الفَجرَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-427>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على تَرجيحِ قَولِ أهلِ الحِجازِ وعلمِهم </span>(^٣)\nوإِنَّما أورَدتُه ههُنا لأنَّ الشّافِعِيَّ أشارَ إلَيه في مَسأَلَةِ الأذانِ، وهو بتَمامِه مُخَرَّجٌ في كِتابِ \"المدخل\".\n\n١٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ (^٤) بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ الفقيهُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بها\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) في د، س، م، حاشية الأصل: \"عملهم\".\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"3","page":86},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتاكُم أهلُ اليَمَنِ، [أَتاكُم أهلُ اليَمَنِ] (^١)، هُم أرَقُّ أفئدَةً، الإيمانُ يَمانٍ، والفِقهُ يَمانٍ، والحِكمَةُ يَمانيَةٌ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن إسحاقَ الأزرَقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ: ومَكَّةُ والمَدينَةُ يَمانيَتانِ مَعَ ما دَلَّ به على فضلِهِم في عِلمِهِم (^٤).\n\n١٨٣١ - وذكَر الحديثَ الذي حَدَّثَناه أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً وقراءةً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يوشِكُ أن تَضرِبوا أكبادَ الإِبِلِ فلا تَجِدونَ عالِمًا أعلَمَ مِن عالِمِ المَدينَةِ\" (^٥). رواه الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ.\n\n١٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٠٢) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٢/ ٨٣)، والبخاري (٤٣٨٨).\n(^٤) معرفة السنن والآثار ١/ ٤١٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٨٠)، والترمذي (٢٦٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٩١)، وابن حبان (٣٧٣٦) من طريق سفيان به. ووقع عند النسائي: أبو الزناد. مكان: أبى الزبير. وقال النسائي: هذا خطأ، والصواب: أبو الزبير.","vol":"3","page":87},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أزهَرَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لِلقُرَشِيِّ مِثلُ قوَّةِ الرَّجُلَينِ مِن غَيرِ قُرَيشٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، زادَ زَيدٌ في رِوايَتِه: فقيلَ لِلزُّهرِىِّ: ما تُريدُ بذَلِكَ؟ قال: نُبلَ الرّأْىِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-428>بابُ الصَّبِىِّ يَبلُغُ والكافِرِ يُسلِمُ والمَجنونِ يُفيقُ والحائضِ تَطهُرُ قبلَ مُضِىِّ الوَقتِ، فيُدرِكُ مِن وقتِ الصَّلاةِ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وعَن بُسرِ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ وعَنِ الأعرَجِ يُحَدِّثونَه عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصُّبحِ قبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ الصُّبحَ، ومَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ العَصرِ قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ فقَد أدرَكَ العَصرَ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٠٥٢)، وابن حبان (٦٢٦٥)، والطبراني (١٤٩١)، والمصنف في المعرفة (١/ ٩٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٨٠: صحيح ولم يخرجوه.\n(^٢) في م: \"بشر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٥٩٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥٨٣)، والجوهرى في مسند الموطأ (٣٤١)، والصيداوى في معجم الشيوخ (٣٠٢)، والمصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٨) من طريق القعنبى به. وتقدم في (١٧٣٩).","vol":"3","page":88},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن مالِكٍ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-429>بابُ قَضاءِ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بإِدراكِ وقتِ العَصرِ، وقَضاءِ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بإِدراكِ وقتِ العِشاءِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ عن ابنِ يوسُفَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وعَلِىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ - قال عَلِيٌّ: يَعنِى الثَّورِىَّ - عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، عامَ تَبوكَ. وقالَ عليُّ بنُ سعيدٍ: في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ (^٤). مُخَرَّجٌ في\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٧٩)، ومسلم (٦٠٨/ ١٦٣).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٠، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١١٢٣)، والنسائي (٥٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٦٥)، والترمذي (٥٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٠)، ومسلم (٦٠٧/ ١٦١).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٥٥٩٣ - ٥٥٩٧).","vol":"3","page":89},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ (^١)، وهو مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ غَريبٌ تَفَرَّدَ به عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ (^٢) بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ يَربوعٍ، عن جَدِّه عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن مَولًى لِعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: إذا طَهَرَتِ الحائضُ قبلَ أن تَغرُبَ الشمسُ صَلَّتِ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا، وإِذا طَهَرَت قبلَ الفَجرِ صَلَّتِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ جَميعًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا طَهَرَتِ المَرأَةُ في وقتِ صَلاةِ العَصرِ فلتَبدأْ بالظُّهرِ فلتُصَلِّها، ثم لتُصَلِّ العَصرَ، وإِذا طَهَرَت في وقتِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ فلتَبدأْ فلتُصَلِّ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٠٦/ ٥٣).\n(^٢) في د، س، م: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١، والسير ١١/ ١٤٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم الفضل بن دكين في الصلاة (٢٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٧٥)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٢٤) من طريق محمد بن عثمان به، وليس عند أبى نعيم: عن جده عبد الرحمن، وعند ابن أبي شيبة: عن جدتى، عن مولى لعبد الرحمن بن عوف. وعند ابن المنذر: عن جدتى، عن مولاة لعبد الرحمن بن عوف.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٧٧)، والدارمى (٩٢٢) من طريق مقسم عن ابن عباس به.","vol":"3","page":90},{"text":"١٨٣٨ - ورواه لَيثُ بنُ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ وعَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وإِذا طَهَرَت قبلَ الفَجرِ صَلَّتِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ.\nوهو فيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الشَّاماتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن لَيثٍ. فذكَره (^١). وقيل: عنه عَنهُما مِن قَولِهِما (^٢).\nورُوّيناه عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ سِواهُما، وعَنِ الفُقَهاءِ السَّبْعَةِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-430>بابُ المُغمَى عليه يُفيقُ بعدَ ذَهابِ الوَقتَينِ فلا يَكونُ عليه قَضاؤُهُما</span>\n\n١٨٣٩ - أخبرنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ أُغمِىَ عليه فذَهَبَ عَقلُه فلَم يَقضِ الصَّلاةَ. قال: وقالَ مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أن الوَقتَ ذَهَبَ، وأَمّا مَن أفاقَ وهو في وقتٍ فإِنَّه يُصَلِّى (^٣).\nهَكَذا في رِوايَةِ جَماعَةٍ عن نافِعٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ عبيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٨) عن ليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٧٩)، والدارمى (٩٢٦) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٣، وعنه ابن وهب (٤٥٢). وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٩) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٤) في د: \"عبد\".","vol":"3","page":91},{"text":"نافِعٍ: يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ: ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِىُّ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، أن أباه قال: كان مَن أدرَكْتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلى قَولِهِم - يَعنِى مِن تابِعِى أهلِ المَدينَةِ - يَقولونَ. فذكَر أحكامًا وفيها: المُغمَى عليه لا يَقضِى الصَّلاةَ إلا أن يُفيقَ وهو في وقتِ صَلاةٍ فليُصَلِّها، وهو يَقضِى الصَّومَ، والَّذِى يُغمَى عليه فيُفيقُ قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ، وإِن أفاقَ قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ. قالوا: وكَذَلِكَ تَفعَلُ الحائضُ إذا طَهَرَت قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ أو طُلوعِ الفَجرِ.\nورُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ واللَّهُ أعلمُ:\n\n١٨٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الدَّغولِيُّ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا مُغيثُ بنُ بُدَيلٍ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ هو ابنُ يَسارٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأيلِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ، أنَّه سألَ عائشةَ عن الرَّجُلِ يُغمَى عليه فيَترُكُ الصَّلاةَ اليَومَ واليَومَينِ وأَكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ، فقالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" لَيسَ لِشَيءٍ من ذَلِكَ قَضاءٌ، إلا أن يُغمَى عليه في صَلاتِه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٥٢)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٨٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٨٢.","vol":"3","page":92},{"text":"فيُفيقَ وهو في وقتِها فيُصَلِّيها\" (^١).\n\n١٨٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ، حدثنا مُغيثٌ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن خارِجَةَ الأكبَرِ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ روِى عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ عن أبي حُسَينٍ وهو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٣)، ذكَره البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" (^٤) وقالَ: فيه نَظَرٌ (^٥). والحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأيلِىُّ تَرَكوه، كان ابنُ المُبارَكِ يوَهِّنُه، ونَهَى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن حَديثِهِ (^٦).\n\n١٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى عَمّارٍ، أن عَمّارَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٣/ ٩٢٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٨٢ من طريق أحمد بن خالد عن خارجة عن عبد الله بن حسين به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٨٢ من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٢.\n(^٥) هو عبد الله بن حسين بن عطاء بن يسار الهلالى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٥، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤١٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١٨٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٩: ضعيف.\n(^٦) هو الحكم بن عبد الله بن سعد، أبو عبد الله الأيلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٤٥، والضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ٣٥، وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٢٥٦، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢٤٨، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٣٢.","vol":"3","page":93},{"text":"ياسِرٍ أُغمِىَ عليه في الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، فأَفاقَ نِصفَ اللَّيلِ، فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-431>بابُ المَرأَةِ تُدرِكُ مِن أوَّلِ الوَقتِ مِقدارَ الصَّلاةِ ثم حاضَتْ أو أُغمِى عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ عن محمدٍ - ﷺ -. فذكَر أحاديثَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَرونِى ما تَرَكتُكُم، فإِنَّما هَلَكَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِكُم بسُؤالِهِم واختِلافِهِم على أنبيائهِم، وإِذا نَهَيتُكُم عن شَيءٍ فاجتَنِبوه، وإِذا أمَرتُكُم بالأمرِ فأتوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُقبَةَ وهو ابنُ أبي ثُبَيتٍ الرَّاسِبِىُّ وهو ثِقَةٌ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ نَهَى النِّساءَ أن يَبِتْنَ عن العِشاءِ مَخافَةَ أن يَحِضنَ. يُريدُ صَلاةَ العِشاءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سنن الدارقطني ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٧٢)، وعنه أحمد (٨١٤٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٣٧/ ١٣١).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١٠١.","vol":"3","page":94},{"text":"١٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوابِ، حدثنا ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: إذا فرَّطَتِ المَرأَةُ في الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَحيضَ قَضت تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-432>بابٌ: لا يَقرَبِ الصَّلاةَ سَكرانُ</span>\n\n١٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِيُّ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: سَمِعتُ مُنادِىَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - يُنادِى: إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا يَقرَبِ الصَّلاةَ سَكرانُ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى الخُتُلِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرٍو، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةِ تَحريمِ الخَمرِ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: فنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ التي في \"النِّساءِ\": ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٤٣].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٣٠٤)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٣/ ٦٣ من طريق ابن شبرمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٧٨)، والنسائي (٥٥٥٥) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) في س: \"الحبيلى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٣٢٢. وضبطت في الأصل بضم التاء المشددة وفتحها.","vol":"3","page":95},{"text":"فكانَ مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُنادِى: أن لا يَقْرَبَنَّ الصَّلاةَ سَكرانُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-433>بابُ صِفَةِ أقَلِّ السُّكْرِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أن رجلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ دَعاه وعَبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ عَوفٍ فسَقاهُما قبلَ أن يُحَرَّمَ الخَمرُ، فأَمَّهُم عَلِيٌّ في المَغرِبِ وقَرأَ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، فخَلَطَ فيها. فنَزَلَت: ﴿لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ﴾ (^٢) [النساء: ٤٣]\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-434>بابُ زَوالِ العَقلِ بالسُّكْرِ لا يَكونُ عُذْرًا في سُقوطِ الفَرضِ عَنه</span>\n\n١٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ حدَّثه، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ سُكْرًا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً فكأَنَّما كانَت له الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها فسُلِبَها، ومَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ سُكْرًا أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ كان حَقًّا على اللَّه أن يَسقيَه مِن طينَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٠٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١١٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٧١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١١٨).","vol":"3","page":96},{"text":"الخَبالِ\". قيلَ: وما طينَةُ الخَبالِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"عُصارَةُ أهلِ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالأهوازِ، حدثنا أبو الفَضَلِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمّادٍ القَلانِسِىُّ بالرَّملَةِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا تُقبَلُ لَهُم صَلاةٌ ولا تَصعَدُ لَهُم حَسَنَةٌ: العَبدُ الآبِقُ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلى مَواليه فيَضَعَ يَدَه في أيديهِم، والمَرأَةُ السّاخِطُ عَلَيها زَوْجُها، والسَّكرانُ حَتَّى يَصحوَ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به زُهَيرٌ هَكَذا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٧٨) مقتصرا على قوله: \"من ترك الصلاة سكرا أربع مرات. . .\". وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٥٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وذكره الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٦٩، ٧٠، وقال: رواه أحمد، ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٨٧٢٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٤٠)، وابن حبان (٥٣٥٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ١/ ٣٨٣: هذا من مناكير زهير.","vol":"3","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-435>جماعُ أبوابِ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-436>بابُ بَدءِ الأذانِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحَّامُ، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: كان المُسلِمونَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ يَجتَمِعونَ فيَتَحَيَّنونَ الصَّلَواتِ، ولَيسَ يُنادِى بها أحَدٌ، فتَكَلَّموا يَومًا في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: نَتَّخِذُ ناقوسًا مِثلَ ناقوسِ النَّصارَى؟ وقالَ بَعضُهُم: بَل قَرنًا مِثلَ قَرنِ اليَهودِ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أوَلا تَبعَثونَ رجلًا يُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، قُمْ فنادِ بالصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجَّاجٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: ذَكَروا أن يَعلَموا وقتَ الصَّلاةِ بشَيءٍ فيَعرِفونَه، فذَكَروا أن يَضرِبوا ناقوسًا، أو يُنَوِّروا نارًا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٩٠)، والنسائي (٦٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٦١) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٧)، والبخاري (٦٠٤).","vol":"3","page":98},{"text":"فأُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ وأنْ يوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ عن محمدٍ عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى القُطَعِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كانَتِ الصَّلاةُ إذا حَضَرَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَعَى رجلٌ في الطَّريقِ فنادَى: الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ! فاشتَدَّ ذَلِكَ على النّاسِ فقالوا: لَوِ اتَّخَذنا ناقوسًا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ لِلنَّصارَى\". فقالوا: لَوِ اتَّخَذنا بوقًا؟ قال: \"ذَلِكَ لِليَهودِ\". قال: فأَمَرَ بلالًا أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى الخُتَّلِيُّ وزيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، وحَديثُ عَبّادٍ أتَمُّ، قالا: حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ - قال زيادٌ: أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ - عن أبي عُمَيرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عُمومَةٍ له مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: اهتَمَّ النبيُّ - ﷺ - لِلصَّلاةِ كَيفَ يَجمَعُ النّاسَ لها، فقيلَ له: انْصِبْ رايَةً عِندَ حُضورِ الصَّلاةِ فإِذا رأَوها آذَنَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا. فلَم يُعجِبْه ذَلِكَ، قال: فذُكِرَ له القُنْعُ، يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٩٣)، والنسائي (٦٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣٦٦، ٣٦٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب به، وعندهم جميعا مقتصرا على قوله: أمر بلال.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠٦)، ومسلم (٣٧٨/ ٣).\n(^٣) في س: \"القطيعى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٦٠٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٦٩) عن محمد بن يحيى القطعى به.","vol":"3","page":99},{"text":"الشَّبّورَ (^١)، وقالَ زيادٌ: شَبّورُ اليَهودِ. فلَم يُعجِبْه ذَلِكَ وقالَ: \"هو مِن أمرِ اليَهودِ\". قال: فذُكِرَ له الناقوسُ فقالَ: \"هو مِن أمرِ النَّصارَى\". فانصَرَفَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ وهو مُهتَمٌّ لِهَمِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأُرِىَ الأذانَ في مَنامِه. قال: فغَدا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي لَبَينَ نائمٍ ويَقْظانَ إذ أتانِى آتٍ فأَرانِي الأذانَ. قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قَد رآه قبلَ ذَلِكَ فكَتَمَه عِشرينَ يَومًا، قال: ثم أخبرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ له: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُخْبِرَنا؟ \". فقالَ: سَبَقَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ فاستَحْيَيْتُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ قُمْ فانظُرْ ما يأمُرُكَ به عبدُ اللهِ بنُ زَيدٍ فافعَلْه\". قال: فأَذَّنَ بلالٌ. قال أبو بشرٍ: فأَخبَرَنِى أبو عُمَيرٍ أن الأنصارَ تَزعُمُ أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدٍ لَولا أنَّه كان يَومَئذٍ مَريضًا لَجَعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُؤَذِّنًا (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ السَّمَرْقَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، حدثنا عَمِّى يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيم بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه قال: حدَّثَنى أبي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: لما أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالنّاقوسِ يُعمَلُ ليُضرَبَ به لِلنّاسِ في الجَمْعِ لِلصَّلاةِ أطافَ بى\n_________\n(^١) القنع: هو البوق، روى بالباء وبالتاء والثاء والنون وهو أكثرها. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١١٥، ١١٦.\nوالشبور: لفظة عبرانية، وهو البوق. النهاية ٢/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٩٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٦٨).","vol":"3","page":100},{"text":"وأَنا نائمٌ رجلٌ يَحمِلُ ناقوسًا في يَدِه، فقُلتُ له: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، أتَبيعُ النّاقوسَ؟ قال: وما تَصنَعُ بهِ؟ فقُلتُ: نَدعو به إلى الصَّلاةِ. قال: أفَلا أدُلُّكَ على ما هو خَيرٌ مِن ذَلِكَ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: تَقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. ثم استأخَرَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ قال: ثم تَقولُ إذا أقَمتَ الصَّلاةَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فلَمَّا أصبَحتُ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرتُه ما رأَيتُ فقالَ: \"إنَّها لَرُؤيا حَقٍّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى، فقُمْ مَعَ بلالٍ فأَلقِ عليه ما رأَيتَ فليُؤَذِّنْ به؛ فإِنَّه أندَى (^١) صَوتًا مِنكَ\". فقُمتُ مَعَ بلالٍ، فجَعَلتُ أُلقيه عليه ويُؤَذِّنُ به، فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وهو في بَيتِه فخَرَجَ يَجُرُّ رِداءَه ويَقولُ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَقَد رأَيتُ مِثلَ ما رأى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فلِلَّهِ الحَمدُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه\n_________\n(^١) أي: أرفع وأعلى. وقيل: أحسن وأعذب. وقيل: أبعد. النهاية ٥/ ٣٧. وقال القاضي: أي: أمد وأبعد غاية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (١٣٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧١، ٣٧٣) من طريق يعقوب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٦٩): حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":101},{"text":"مِثلَه إلا أنَّه ذكَر التَّكبيرَ في صَدرِ الأذانِ مَرَّتَينِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ ذكَره محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (^٢).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: وهَكَذا رواه الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، يَعنِى قِصَّةَ الرُّؤيا في تَثنيَةِ الأذانِ وإِفرادِ الإِقامَةِ، وقالَ فيه ابنُ إسحاقَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. وقالَ فيه مَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لم يُثَنّيا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ الإمامَ أبا بكرٍ أحمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ أيُّوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى المُطَرِّزَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقولُ: لَيسَ في أخبارِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ في قِصَّةِ الأذانِ خَبَرٌ أصَحُّ مِن هَذا - يَعنِى حَديثَ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ - لأنَّ محمدًا سمِع مِن أبيه، وابنُ أبي لَيلَى لم يَسمَعْ مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وفِي كِتابِ \"العلل\" لأبِى عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ قال: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحديث - يَعنِى حَديثَ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ - فقالَ: هو عِندِى حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٦٤٧٨)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (١٣٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٠٦) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٤٩٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٧٢) عن محمد بن يحيى الذهلى به. ولم نجده في المطبوع من العلل.","vol":"3","page":102},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-437>بابُ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ بالأَذانِ والإِقامَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: أُحيلَتِ الصَّلاةُ ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ. فذكَر أوَلًا حالَ القِبلَةِ، وذكَر آخِرًا حالَ المَسبوقِ ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ، وذكَر بَينَ ذَلِكَ حالَ الأذانِ فقالَ: وكانوا يَجتَمِعونَ لِلصَّلاةِ يُؤذِنُ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا حَتَّى نَقَسُوا (^١) أو كادوا أن يَنقُسُوا، ثم إنَّ رجلًا يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، بَينا أنا بَينَ النّائمِ واليَقظانِ رأَيتُ شَخصًا عليه ثَوبانِ أخضَرانِ قامَ (^٢)، فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فقالَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، حَتَّى فرَغَ مِنَ الأذانِ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم قال في آخِرِ أذانِه: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، ثم أمهَلَ شَيئًا، ثم قامَ فقالَ مِثلَ الذي قال، غَيرَ أنَّه زادَ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلِّمْها بلالًا\". فكانَ أوَّلَ مَن أذَّنَ بها بلالٌ، وجاءَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد طافَ بى مِثلُ الذي أطافَ بعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ غيرَ أنَّه سَبَقَنِى إلَيكَ (^٣). وبِمَعناه رواه جَماعَةٌ عن\n_________\n(^١) النقس: الضرب بالناقوس، وهى خشبة طويلة تضرب بخشبة أصغر منها. النهاية ٥/ ١٠٦، وشرح أبي داود للعينى ٢/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"قائم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٢٤)، وأبو داود (٥٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٨١) من طريق المسعودى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٩)، وسيأتي في (١٩٩٩، ٣٦٦٢).","vol":"3","page":103},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَسعودِيِّ، غَيرَ أن عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى لم يُدرِكْ مُعاذًا، فهوَ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-438>بابُ القيامِ في الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: كان المُسلِمونَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في بَدءِ الأذانِ، وفِي آخِرِه: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، قُمْ فنادِ بالصَّلاةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، حدثنا سَلمُ (^٣) بنُ سليمانَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المازِنِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُتبَةَ، عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: حَقٌّ وسُنَّةٌ مَسنونَةٌ ألا يُؤَذِّنَ الرَّجُلُ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ، ولا يُؤَذِّنَ إلا وهو قائمٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٨) من طريق أبى العباس به. وأبو عوانة (٩٤٦) عن محمد بن إسحاق به، وتقدم تخريجه من طريق حجاج في (١٨٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٧)، وتقدم في (١٨٥٢).\n(^٣) في س: \"سالم\"، وفي م: \"سلمة\". وينظر ميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٨٥.\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه من طريق أبى الشيخ في (١٨٨٠).","vol":"3","page":104},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-439>بابُ الأذانِ راكِبًا وجالِسًا</span>\n\n١٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ ربما أذَّنَ على راحِلَتِه الصُّبحَ ثم يُقيمُ بالأَرضِ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبى طُعمَةَ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان يُؤَذِّنُ على راحِلَتِهِ (^٢).\nورُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٨٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، عن الحسنِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمرَ بلالًا في سَفَرٍ فأَذَّنَ على راحِلَتِه، ثم نَزَلوا فصَلَّوا رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى بهِمُ الصُّبحَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٢٦) من طريق عبدة عن عبيد اللَّه العمرى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩٦) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٣٠٠، ٣٠١) من طريق أبى طعمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق عقب (٢٢٣٧) من طريق الحسن بنحوه مختصرا.","vol":"3","page":105},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحسنِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على أبى زَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ وهو جالِسٌ. قال: وتَقَدَّمَ رجلٌ فصلَّى بنا وكانَ أعرَجَ أُصيبَ رِجلُه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: يُكرَهُ أن يُؤَذِّنَ قاعِدًا إلا مِن عُذرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-440>بابُ التَّرجيعِ في الأذانِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - عَلَّمَه هذا الأذانَ: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، ثم يَعودُ فيَقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ مَرَّتَينِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ مَرَّتَينِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَه إلا اللَّهُ\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٢٨) من طريق الحسن بن محمد به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨١٥)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٣٠، ٢٢٣١).\n(^٣) في د، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٦٣٠) من طريق معاذ به.","vol":"3","page":106},{"text":"إبراهيمَ عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مُحَيريزٍ أخبرَه، وكانَ يَتيمًا في حَجْرِ أبى مَحذورَةَ حتى جهَّزَهُ إلى الشّامِ، فقُلتُ لأبِى مَحذورَةَ: أي عَمِّ، إنِّي خارِجٌ إلى الشّامِ، وإِنِّى أخشَى أن أُسأَلَ عن تأذينِكَ، [فأَخبِرْنى أبا مَحذورَةَ. قال] (^٢): نَعَم، خَرَجتُ في نَفَرٍ فكُنّا ببَعضِ طَريقِ حُنَينٍ، فقَفَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن حُنَينٍ، فلَقيَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ الطَّريقِ، فأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[بالصَّلاةِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -] (^٣)، فسَمِعْنا صَوتَ المُؤَذِّنِ ونَحنُ مُتَنَكِّبونَ، فصَرَخْنا نَحْكيه ونَستَهزِئُ به، فسَمِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَرسَلَ إلَينا إلى أن وقَفنا بَينَ يَدَيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّكُمُ الذي سَمِعتُ صَوتَه قَدِ ارتَفَعَ؟ \". فأَشارَ القَومُ كُلُّهُم إلىَّ وصَدَقوا، فأَرسَلَ كُلَّهُم وحَبَسَنِى فقالَ: \"قُمْ فأَذِّنْ بالصَّلاةِ\". فقُمتُ ولا شَئَ أكرَهَ إلَىَّ مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - ولا مِمّا يأمُرُنِى به، فقُمتُ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَلقَى عَلَىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - التّأذينَ هو بنَفسِه فقالَ: \"قُل: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّه أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ\". ثم قال لِى: \"ارجِعْ فامدُدْ مِن صَوتِكَ\".\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٧٩).\n(^٢) في م: \"فقال\".\n(^٣) في س: \"بصلاة\".","vol":"3","page":107},{"text":"ثم قال: \"قُل: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبرُ اللَّهُ أكبرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\". ثم دَعانِي حينَ قَضَيتُ التّأذينَ فأعطانِى صُرَّةً فيها شَيءٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ، ثم وضَعَ يَدَه على ناصيَةِ أبى مَحذورَةَ، ثم أمَرَّها على وجهِه ثم مِن بَينِ ثَديَيه، ثم على كَبِدِه، ثم بَلَغَت يَدُه سُرَّةَ أبى مَحذورَةَ، ثم قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بارَكَ اللَّهُ (^١) فيكَ، وبارَكَ عَلَيكَ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ مُرنِي بالتّأذينِ بمَكَّةَ. فقالَ: \"قَد أمَرتُكَ به\". وذَهَبَ كُلُّ شَيءٍ كان لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِن كَراهيَةٍ، وعادَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّه مَحَبَّةً لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقَدِمتُ على عَتّابِ بنِ أَسيدٍ عامِلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَذَّنتُ بالصَّلاةِ عن أمرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى بذَلِكَ مَن أدرَكْتُ مِن آلِ أبى مَحذورَةَ على نَحوِ مما أخبرَ ابنُ مُحَيريزٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٧ - قال الشافعيُّ ﵀: وأَدرَكتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ يُؤَذِّنُ كما حَكَى ابنُ مُحَيريزٍ، وسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ عن أبي مَحذورَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَعنَى ما حَكَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رواه حجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ وأبو عاصِمٍ ورَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"لك\".\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٨٤، ٨٥، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٧)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٤. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٤ من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٧٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به. =","vol":"3","page":108},{"text":"١٨٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى السَّمَرقَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى عثمانُ بنُ السّائبِ مَولاهُم، عن أبيه الشيخِ (^١) مَولَى أبى مَحذورَةَ، وعَن أُمِّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا مِن أبى مَحذورَةَ قال: خَرَجتُ في عَشَرَةِ فِتيانٍ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إلى حُنَينٍ، فأَذَّنوا وقُمنا نُؤَذِّنُ مُستَهزِئينَ بهِم، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ائتونِى بهَؤُلاءِ الفِتيانِ\". فقالَ: \"أذِّنوا\". فأَذَّنوا، وكُنتُ أحَدَّهُم صَوتًا، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم هذا الذي سَمِعتُ صَوتَه، اذهَبْ فأَذِّنْ لأهلِ مَكَّةَ، وقُل لِعَتّابِ بنِ أسيدٍ: أَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ أن أُؤَذِّنَ لأهلِ مَكَّةَ\". وقالَ: \"قُلْ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ مَرَّتَينِ، أشهدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم ارجِعْ فقُلْ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ مَرَّتَينِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَينِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ مَرَّتَينِ، حىَّ على الفَلاحِ مَرَّتَينِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، وإِذا أقَمتَ فقُلْها مَرَّتَينِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ\n_________\n= وأحمد (١٥٣٨٠) من طريق روح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٥).\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. وفي مصادر التخريج: \"السائب\". وقد تكرر الإسناد كما هنا في (١٩٩٥). وينظر ترجمة السائب والد عثمان في تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٩٦.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٣٧٦)، وأبو داود (٥٠١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٣).","vol":"3","page":109},{"text":"أبى مَحذورَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، عَلِّمنِى سُنَّةَ الأذانِ. قال: فمَسَحَ مُقَدَّمَ رأسِى وقالَ: \"تَقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، تَرفَعُ بها صَوتَكَ، ثم تَقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، تَخفِضُ بها صَوتَكَ، ثم تَرفَعُ صَوتَكَ بالشَّهادَةِ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، فإِن كان صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ قُلتَ: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عن أبي مَحذورَةَ في هذا الحديثِ الرُّجوعُ إلى كَلِمَةِ التَّكبيرِ بعدَ الشَّهادَتَينِ، ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ بقَوِيٍّ، مَعَ مُخالَفَتِه الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةَ وعَمَلَ أهلِ الحِجازِ.\n\n١٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عائذٍ القَرَظِ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمَّارٍ وعَمَّارُ وعُمَرُ ابنا حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه سَعدٍ القَرَظِ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: إنَّ هذا الأذانَ، يَعنِى أذانَ بلالٍ الذي أمَرَه به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وإِقامَتَه وهو: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٤)، وأبو داود (٥٠٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٢).","vol":"3","page":110},{"text":"محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، [ثم يَرجِعُ فيَقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ] (^١)، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، والإِقامَةُ واحِدَةٌ واحِدَةٌ ويَقولُ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً (^٢). كَذا في الكِتابِ، وغَيرُه يَرويه عن الحُمَيدِىِّ فيَذكُرُ التَّكبيرَ في صَدرِ الأذانِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم يَرويه الحُمَيدِىُّ في حَديثِ أبى مَحذورَةَ أربَعًا. ونأخُذُ به؛ لأنَّه زائدٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-441>بابُ الالتِواءِ في: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ</span>\n\n١٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: أتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وهو في قُبَّةٍ حَمراءَ بالأبطَحِ (^٤)، فخَرَجَ إلَينا بلالٌ بفَضلِ وَضوءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فبَينَ نائلٍ [وناضِحٍ] (^٥) مِنه. قال: فأَذَّنَ بلالٌ، فجَعَلتُ أتَتَبَّعُ فاه ههُنا وههُنا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٨٠، ٢٨١. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٦، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٤) من طريق الحميدي به.\n(^٣) في د: \"الحسن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٤) الأبطح: جزع من وادى مكة بين المنحنى والحجون، وقد سمى اليوم الشارع المار من المنحنى إلى الحجون، شارع الأبطح، وعليه طريق الحاج إلى منى. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣٣.\n(^٥) زيادة من: م.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٥٩)، والبخاري (٦٣٤)، والترمذي (١٩٧)، والنسائي (٥٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"3","page":111},{"text":"١٨٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبي، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: فتَوَضّأَ وأَذَّنَ بلالٌ، فجَعَلتُ أتْبَعُ فاه ههُنا وههُنا يقولُ يَمينًا وشِمالًا، يقولُ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حىَّ على الفَلاحِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا قَيسٌ يَعنِى ابنَ الرَّبيعِ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ بلالًا خَرَجَ إلى الأبطَحِ فأَذَّنَ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، لَوَى عُنُقَه يَمينًا وشِمالًا، ولَم يَستَدِرْ، ثم دَخَلَ فأَخرَجَ العَنَزَةَ. وساقَ حَديثَه (^٣). هَكَذا رواه قَيسٌ، وخالَفَه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ فقالَ: واستَدارَ في أذانِهِ:\n\n١٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو بالأَبطَحِ في قُبَّةٍ\n_________\n= (٣٨٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) أحمد (١٨٧٦٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٠)، والنسائى (٦٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٨٧، ٢٩٩٥)، وابن حبان (٢٣٩٤) من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتي في (٥٥٦٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٤٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢٠).","vol":"3","page":112},{"text":"حَمراءَ، ثم خَرَجَ بلالٌ فوَضَعَ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - طَهورًا، ثم أذَّنَ ووَضَعَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيه، واستَدارَ في أذانِهِ (^١).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الحَجّاجُ أرادَ بالاستِدارَةِ التِفاتَه في: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، فيَكونُ موافِقًا لِسائرِ الرّواةِ. والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لَيسَ بحَجّاجٍ (^٢)، واللَّهُ يَغفِرُ لَنا ولَه.\nوقَد رواه عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ مُدْرَجًا في الحديثِ (^٣)، وسُفيانُ إنَّما رَوَى هَذِه اللَّفظَةَ في \"الجامع\" رِوايَةَ العَدَنِيِّ عنه عن رجلٍ لم يُسَمِّه عن عَونٍ. وروِى عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن عَونِ بنِ أبى جُحَيفَةَ مُرسَلًا، لم يَقُلْ عن أبيه (^٤). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-442>بابُ وضعِ الإصبَعَينِ في الأُذُنَينِ عِندَ التّأذينِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ وقَد جَعَلَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيه، وهو يَلتَوِى في أذانِه يَمينًا وشِمالًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧١١) من طريق عبد الواحد به. والدارمى (١٢٣٥) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) تقدم قبل (٣٣). وينظر عقب (٨٦٦).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٨٠٦) - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٧٥٩)، والترمذي (١٩٧) وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ١٠٥ (٢٥٩) من طريق حماد عن حجاج عن عون عن أبيه متصلًا.\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (٣٨٨)، وفيه: هشام. بدلا من: هشيم. وأخرجه الطوسى في مختصر الأحكام ٢/ ١٤ (١٨١) عن الدورقى به.","vol":"3","page":113},{"text":"١٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بلالًا أن يُدخِلَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيه، وكانَت إقامَتُه مُفرّدَةً: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً (^١).\n\n١٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُسْتَةَ، وأَخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ وعُمَرَ وعَمَّارٍ ابنَيْ حَفصٍ، عن آبائِهِم، عن أجدادِهِم، عن بلالٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال له: \"إذا أذَّنتَ فاجعَلْ إصبَعَيكَ في أُذُنَيكَ؛ فإِنَّه أرفَعُ لِصَوتِكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ محمدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عيسَى بنِ حارِثَةَ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا أن يُؤَذِّنَ، فجَعَلَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيه ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَنظُرُ إلَيه فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ، فمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ مِن يَومَئذٍ.\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ سيرينَ أن بلالًا جَعَلَ إصبَعَيه في أُذُنَيه في بَعضِ أذانِه أو في إقامَتِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧١٠، ٧٣١) عن هشام بن عمار به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (١٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٧٢) من طريق ابن كاسب به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٣٣٤: وفيه عبد الرحمن بن سعد بن عمار وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٠٧)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩٥، ٢١٩٧، ٢١٩٨).","vol":"3","page":114},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-443>بابٌ: لا يُؤَذِّنُ إلا طاهِرٌ</span>\n\n١٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحارِثِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُؤَذِّنُ إلا مُتَوَضِّئٌ\" (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى الصَّدَفِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢). والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِيِّ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: لا يُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ إلا مُتَوَضِّئٌ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عُمَيرُ بنُ عِمرانَ العَلَّافُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُتبَةَ، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: حَقٌّ وسُنَّةٌ مَسنونَةٌ ألَّا يُؤَذِّنَ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ، ولا يُؤَذِّنَ إلا وهو قائمٌ (^٤). عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ وائلٍ عن أبيه مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٠) من طريق الوليد به. ويراجع كلام ابن رجب على هذا الحديث في شرحه للبخاري ٣/ ٥٦١.\n(^٢) هو معاوية بن يحيى الصدفى، أبو روح الشامي الدمشقى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ٣، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٩٥، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٢٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٣٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦١: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠١) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أبو الشيخ في كتاب الأذان - كما في نصب الراية ١/ ٢٩٢، وفيه: الحارث بن عبيد. بدلا من: الحارث بن عتبة. وفيه: راكب. بدلا من: قائم.","vol":"3","page":115},{"text":"وهو قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ (^١). وقالَ إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ: كانوا لا يَرَونَ بأسًا أن يُؤَذِّنَ الرَّجُلُ على غَيرِ وُضوءٍ (^٢). وبِه قال الحسنُ البَصرِىُّ وقَتادَةُ (^٣)، والكَلامُ فيه يَرجِعُ إلى استِحبابِ الطَّهارَةِ في الأذكارِ، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-444>بابُ رَفعِ الصَّوتِ بالأَذانِ</span>\n\n١٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي صَعصَعَةَ الأنصارِىِّ ثم المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أخبرَه أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ قال: \"إنِّي أراكَ تُحِبُّ الغَنَمَ والباديَةَ، فإِذا كُنتَ في غَنَمِكَ أو باديَتِكَ فأَذَّنتَ لِلصَّلاةِ فارفَعْ صَوتَكَ بالنِّداءِ؛ فإِنَّه يَسمَعُ مَدَى صَوتِ المُؤَذِّنِ جِنٌّ ولا إنسٌ ولا شَيءٌ إلا شَهِدَ له يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٩٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠٧).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٠١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩٩، ٢٢٠٠).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠١، ٢٢٠٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٤٣٠، ٤٣١).\n(^٥) الشافعي ١/ ٨٧، ومالك ١/ ٦٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٣٠٥)، والنسائي (٦٤٣).","vol":"3","page":116},{"text":"أوَيسٍ. وفِي حَديثِ الشافعىِّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى صَعصَعَةَ، عن أبيه، أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ قال له: وقالَ: \"فأَذَّنتَ بالصَّلاةِ فارفَعْ صَوتَكَ، فإِنَّه لا يَسمَعُ مَدَى صَوتِكَ. . .\". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عثمانَ - قال شُعبَةُ: وكانَ يُؤَذِّنُ على أطوَلِ مَنارَةٍ بالكوفَةِ - قال: حدَّثَنى أبو يَحيَى وأَنا أطوفُ معه، يَعنِى حَولَ البَيتِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وسَمِعتُه مِن فيه يقولُ: \"المُؤَذِّنُ يُغفَرُ له مَدَّ (^٢) صَوتِه، ويَشهَدُ له كُلُّ رَطْبٍ ويابِسٍ، وشاهِدُ الصَّلاةِ يُكتَبُ له خَمسٌ وعِشرونَ حَسَنَةً ويُكَفَّرُ عنه ما بَينَهُما\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ ابنُ يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ (^٤)، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: لما قَدِمَ عُمَرُ مَكَّةَ أذَّنتُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٥٤٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"مدى\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٦٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٩٠٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٥)، والنسائي (٦٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٧٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩٠) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٩٢: أبو يحيى لا يُعرف.\n(^٤) في س: \"الخراز\"، وفى د: \"الخزار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٧.","vol":"3","page":117},{"text":"فقالَ لِي عُمَرُ: يا أبا مَحذورَةَ، أما خِفتَ أن تَنشَقَّ مُرَيطاؤُكَ (^١)؟.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-445>بابُ الكَلامِ في الأذانِ بما (^٢) لِلنّاسِ فيه مَنفَعَةٌ</span>\n\n١٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ وعاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ وعَبدِ الحَميدِ صاحِبِ الزِّيادِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: خَطَبَنا ابنُ عباسٍ في يَومٍ ذِى رَدْغٍ (^٣)، فلَمّا بَلَغَ المُؤَذِّنُ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، أمَرَه أن يُنادِىَ: الصَّلاةُ في الرِّحالِ. فنَظَرَ القَومُ بَعضُهُم إلى بَعضٍ فقالَ: كأَنَّكُم أنكَرتُم هذا؟! قَد فعَلَ هذا مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّى، وإِنَّها عَزَمَةٌ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ وعاصِمٍ، ومِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَروانَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ البَزّازُ (^٦) بدِمَشقَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي العِشرينَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أن محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىَّ حدَّثه،\n_________\n(^١) المريطاء: الجلدة التي بين السرة والعانة. النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٠. والأثر في مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر البخترى الرزاز (٤٨٢). وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٣١٧) عن الحسن بن مكرم به.\n(^٢) كذا في الأصل، وفى بقية النسخ: \"فيما\".\n(^٣) الردغ: الوحل. تاج العروس ٢٢/ ٤٧٧ (ر د غ).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦٤) من طريق عاصم به. وسيأتي في (٥٧١٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦١٦)، ومسلم (٦٩٩/ ٢٦ - ٢٨).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"البزار\".","vol":"3","page":118},{"text":"عن نُعَيمِ بنِ النَّحّامِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ امرأَتِى في مِرطِها (^١) في غَداةٍ بارِدَةٍ، فنادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا سَمِعتُ قُلتُ: لَو قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ. فلمَّا قال: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. قال: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ السِّيرافِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن سليمانَ بنِ صُرَدٍ، وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ، أنَّه كان يُؤَذِّنُ بالعَسكَرِ فيأمُرُ غُلامَه بالحاجَةِ وهو في أذانِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-446>بابُ استِحبابِ تأخيِر الكَلامِ إلى آخِرِ الأذانِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ أذَّنَ لَيلَةً بضَجْنانَ (^٤) في لَيلَةٍ بارِدَةٍ، ثم قال: صَلُّوا في\n_________\n(^١) المرط: كساء من صوف أو خز يؤتزر به وتتلفع المرأة به. المصباح المنير ص ٢١٧ (م ر ط).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم (٧٥٩)، وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٣/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣ من طريق هشام به. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠٩)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٢٢ من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.\n(^٤) ضجنان: حرة شمال مكة، على مسافة (٥٤) كيلا على طريق المدينة، تعرف اليوم بحرة المحسنبة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٧٩.","vol":"3","page":119},{"text":"رِحالِكُم. ثم أخبرَهُم أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ المُنادِىَ فيُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ، ثم يُنادِى في إثرِها: أن صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم، في اللَّيلَةِ البارِدَةِ أوِ اللَّيلَةِ المَطيرَةِ.\n\n١٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ إمْلاءً، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ والحَديثُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه قال: حدَّثنى نافِعٌ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ أذَّنَ لَيلَةً بالعِشاءِ بضَجْنانَ في لَيلَةٍ بارِدَةٍ وقالَ على إثرِ ذَلِكَ: ألا صَلّوا في الرِّحالِ (^١). وأَخبرَنا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ مُؤَذِّنًا أن يُؤَذِّنَ على إثرِ ذَلِكَ: ألا صَلُّوا في الرِّحالِ، في اللَّيلَةِ البارِدَةِ أو المَطيرَةِ في السَّفَرِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٤) بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ (^٥)، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ النَّحّامِ مِن بنى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: نودِىَ بالصُّبحِ في يَومٍ بارِدٍ وهو في مِرطِ امرأَتِه فقالَ: لَيتَ المُنادِىَ يُنادِى: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ. فنادَى مُنادِى النبيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"رحالكم\"\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٥١)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٥٥) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٨١ - ٥٠٨٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٢)، ومسلم (٦٩٧/ ٢٣، ٢٤).\n(^٤) بعده في الأصل، د: \"بن أحمد\".\n(^٥) في س: \"ميسرة\".","vol":"3","page":120},{"text":"في آخِرِ أذانِه: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ، وذَلِكَ في زَمَنِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\nتابَعَه الأوزاعِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ إلا أنَّه قال: فلَمّا قال: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. قال: ومَن قَعَد فلا حَرَج (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-447>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُؤَذِّنُ ويُقيمُ غَيرُه</span>\n\n١٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ. قال عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنِى جامِعُ بنُ سَوادَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ الحارِثِ الصُّدائيَّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَذَّنتُ بالفَجرِ، فجاءَ بلالٌ يُقيمُ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، إنَّ أخا صُداءٍ أذَّنَ، ومَن أذَّنَ فهوَ يُقيمُ\" (^٣).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عمرَ وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَميلٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ المُقرِئُ أبو محمدٍ البَزّارُ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ راشِدٍ المازِنِىُّ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان في مَسيرٍ له فحَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فنَزَلَ القَومُ فطَلَبوا بلالًا\n_________\n(^١) فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى (١٠٤)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٢/ ١٧٥، ١٧٦.\nوأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٥٥٣)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٤٢٩) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٣٧) من طريق الثوري به. وتقدم في (١٨١٠).","vol":"3","page":121},{"text":"فلَم يَجِدوه، فقامَ رجلٌ فأَذَّنَ، ثم جاءَ بلالٌ فقالَ القَومُ: إنَّ رجلًا قَد أذَّنَ. فمَكَثَ القَومُ هَونًا (^١)، ثم إنَّ بلالًا أرادَ أن يُقيمَ فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَهلًا يا بلالُ، فإِنَّما يُقيمُ مَن أذَّنَ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به سَعيدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدَّثنى الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ قالَ: رأَيتُ أبا مَحذورَةَ جاءَ وقَد أذَّنَ إنسانٌ قَبلَه فأَذَّنَ ثم أقامَ (^٤). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ شاهِدٌ لما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n١٨٩٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الواقِفِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّه رأَى الأذانَ في المَنامِ، فأَتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فذكَر ذَلِكَ له، قالَ: فأَذَّنَ بلالٌ. قالَ: وجاءَ عَمِّى إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أرَى الرُّؤيا ويُؤَذِّنُ بلالٌ! قال: \"فأَقِمْ أنتَ\". فأَقامَ عَمِّى (^٥). هَكَذا رواه أبو داودَ عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"هُوِيًّا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن شاهين في الناسخ والمنسوخ (١٦٨) عن البغوي به.\n(^٣) هو سعيد بن راشد المازنى السماك، ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ٥٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٣٥، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٣٧٣، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٢٧. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٣٩٤: قال النسائي: متروك.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٨٥، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٥٤) عن حفص به.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١١٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٧٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٢) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"3","page":122},{"text":"ابنِ عمرٍو. ورواه مَعنٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الواقِفِىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ. قال البخاريُّ: فيه نَظَرٌ (^١)\n\n١٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن أبي العُمَيسِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرتُه كَيفَ رأَيتُ الأذانَ فقالَ: \"ألقِه على بلالٍ؛ فإِنَّه أندَى مِنكَ صَوتًا\". فلَمّا أذَّنَ بلالٌ قدِمَ (^٢) عبدُ اللَّهِ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَقامَ (^٣). هَكَذا رواه أبو العُمَيسِ. وروِى عن زَيدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه كَذَلِكَ. وكانَ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيُّوبَ الفقيهُ يُضَعِّفُ هذا الحديثَ بما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه.\n\n١٨٩٥ - وبِما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن أبي عُمَيرِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: حدَّثَنى عُمومَةٌ لِى مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالوا: اهتَمَّ النبيُّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، وقالَ فيه: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٨٣ عن معن به، وقال: فيه نظر؛ لأنه لم يذكر سماع بعضهم من بعض.\n(^٢) في م، وشرح المعاني: \"ندم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٨٣، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٤٢ من طريق محمد بن سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":123},{"text":"زَيدٍ مَريضًا يَومَئذٍ، والأَنصارُ تَزعُمُ أنَّه لَو لم يَكُنْ مَريضًا لَجَعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُؤَذِّنًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَو صَحَّ حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ وصَحَّ حَديثُ الصُّدائيِّ كان الحُكمُ لِحَديثِ الصُّدائيِّ؛ لِكَونِه بعدَ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-448>بابُ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ لِلجَمعِ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فقُلتُ: أخبِرنِي عن حَجَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: ثم أذَّنَ بلالٌ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ ولَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما، ثم رَكِبَ. قال: فلَمَّا أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ، يُريدُ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، صَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَتَينِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ مُدرَجًا في الحديثِ الطَّويلِ في حَجَّةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣)، ويُقالُ: هذا القَدرُ مِنَ الحديثِ مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٤)، والنسائي (٦٠٣، ٦٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٥٣) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وسيأتي في (١٨٩٨، ٩٥٧٣، ٩٥٩٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"3","page":124},{"text":"١٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ - المَعنَى واحِدٌ - عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ بأَذانٍ واحِدٍ بعَرَفَةَ ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما وإِقامَتَينِ، وصلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بجَمْعٍ (^١) بأَذانٍ واحِدٍ وإِقامَتَينِ، ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما (^٢). قالَ أبو داودَ: هذا الحديث أسنَدَه حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ في الحديث الطَّويلِ، ووافَقَ حاتِمًا على إسنادِه محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعْفِىُّ عنْ جَعفَرٍ عن أبيه عن جابِرٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعَتَمَةَ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ. قال أبو داودَ (^٣): قال لِي أحمدُ يَعنِى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ: أخطأَ حاتِمٌ في هذا الحديثِ الطَّويلِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ عن جَعفَرٍ كما رواه حاتِمٌ:\n\n١٨٩٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَتَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) جمع: المزدلفة. النهاية ١/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٠٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٧٧).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف - كما في مختصر الخلافيات ١/ ٤٨٨ - عن أبي داود به، وينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ١٣١. ولم نجده في كتب أبي داود التي بين أيدينا.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨١١) من طريق حفص به.","vol":"3","page":125},{"text":"ورُوِى في المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بجَمْعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، واختُلِفَ عليه في ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ، ولَم يُنادِ في كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما إلا بإِقامَةٍ، ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما ولا على إثرِ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمد بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ بمَعناه، وقالَ: بإِقامَةٍ إقامَةٍ جَمَعَ بَينَهُما. قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: قال وكيعٌ: صَلَّى كُلَّ صَلاةٍ بإِقامَةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، المَعنَى، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ بإِسنادِ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٨٦)، والدارمي (١٩٢٦)، والنسائي (٦٥٩، ٣٢٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٩٢٧)، وأحمد (٦٤٧٣)، وليس عند أحمد قول وكيع.","vol":"3","page":126},{"text":"عن حَمَّادٍ ومَعناه، وقالَ: بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ، ولَم يُنادِ في الأولَى ولَم يُسَبِّحْ على إثرِ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما. قال: مَخلَدٌ قال: لم يُنادِ في واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما (^١).\nهَكَذا رِوايَةُ سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه، وهِىَ أصَحُّ الرِّواياتِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٩٠٢ - ورواه سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ كما أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: أَفَضْنا مَعَ ابن عمرَ فصَلَّى بنا المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ ثَلاثًا ورَكعَتَينِ، ثم قال: هَكَذا صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هذا المَكانِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيْبَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن إسماعيلَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ وسَلَمَةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٣ - ورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ كما أخبرَنا أبو زكريا أَبنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ مِن أصلِه قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٢٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٥٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٣١)، والترمذي (٨٨٨)، والنسائي (٦٠٥، ٦٥٨) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٨٨/ ٢٨٨، ٢٩١).","vol":"3","page":127},{"text":"حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ الأزدِيِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ المَغرِبَ بجَمْعٍ ثَلاثًا والعِشاءَ رَكعَتَينِ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ. فقالَ له مالِكُ بنُ خالِدٍ: ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: صَلَّيتُهُما مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هذا المَكانِ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٤ - ورواه شَريكٌ القاضِى، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ قالا: صَلَّينا مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا [محمدُ بنُ] (^٢) سليمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِى ابنَ يوسُفَ، عن شَريكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورواه إسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ فخالَفَ غَيرَه في مَتنِهِ:\n\n١٩٠٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ ابنِ عمرَ صَلاتَينِ بجَمْعٍ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ جَميعًا، فقالَ له خالِدُ بنُ مالكٍ: ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ يا أبا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٧٦)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٩)، والترمذي (٨٨٧) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذي: صحيح حسن. وعند الترمذي بإبهام القائل لابن عمر، وعند أحمد: عبد الله بن مالك، وعند أبي داود: مالك بن الحارث.\n(^٢) ليس في: د.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٩٣٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤١٩).","vol":"3","page":128},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: صَلَّيتُهُما مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هذا المَكانِ (^١).\nرِوايَةُ الثَّورِىِّ وشَريكٍ أصَحُّ لِموافَقَتِهِما رِوايَةَ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، ورِوايَةُ سعيدٍ يَحتمِلُ أن تَكونَ موافِقَةً لِرِوايَةِ سالِمٍ مِن حَيثُ إنَّه أرادَ إقامَةً واحِدَةً لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن ابنِ عمرَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ نَحوُ رِوايَةِ إسرائيلَ:\n\n١٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه قال: أقبَلتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ مِن عَرَفاتٍ إلى المُزدَلِفَةِ، فلَم يَكُنْ يَفتُرُ مِنَ التَّكبيرِ والتَّهليلِ حَتَّى أتَينا المُزدَلِفَةَ، فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ أو أمَرَ إنسانًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، فصَلَّى بنا المَغرِبَ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثم التَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: الصَّلاةَ. فصَلَّى بنا العِشاءَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم دَعا بعَشائِهِ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى عِلاجُ بنُ عمرٍو بمِثلِ حَديثِ أبى عن ابنِ عمرَ، فقيلَ لابنِ عمرَ في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - هَكَذا (^٢).\nورُوِى عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّهُما صَلَّيا كُلَّ واحِدَةٍ مِنَ الصَّلاتَينِ في وقتِ العِشاءِ مَفصولَتَينِ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ.\n\n١٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٣/ ١٧٥ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٣٣). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٢٢): صحيح لكن قوله: \"فقال الصلاة\" شاذ والمحفوظ: \"فأقام\".","vol":"3","page":129},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو العُمَيسِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن أحَدَهُما صَحِبَ عمرَ والآخَرَ صَحِبَ عبدَ اللَّهِ - ﵄ -، فذَكَرا عَنهُما أنَّهُما لم يُصَلّيا المَغرِبَ حَتَّى نَزَلا جَمْعًا، فصَلَّيا المَغرِبَ بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ، ثم تَعَشَّيا، ثم صَلَّيا بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ (^١). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١٩٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ الوَهبِيَّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ إلى مَكَّةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ قال: ثم قَدِمنا جَمْعًا، فصَلَّى بنا الصَّلاتَينِ كُلَّ صَلاةٍ وحدَها بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ والعَشاءُ بَينَهُما (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ عن إسرائيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٩ - ورواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَمَرَ رجلًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ وصَلَّى بَعدَها رَكعَتَينِ، ثم دَعا بعَشائِه، ثم أمَرَ، أُرَى - شَكَّ زُهَيرٌ - فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، ثم صَلَّى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ رَكعَتَينِ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: حَجَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذكَر\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢١٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢١١ من طريق إبراهيم عن الأسود عن عمر بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٦٩) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٨٣).","vol":"3","page":130},{"text":"الحديثَ، وذكَر فيه ما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٠ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ الزَّمْهَرانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهْمانَ، عن جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجَمْعٍ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ وصَلاةَ العَشاءِ رَكعَتَينِ، فصَلَّاهُما جَميعًا بأَذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^٣). كَذا رواه جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ، وجابِرٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\n\n١٩١١ - ورواه الحسنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى أيّوبَ أنَّه قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمُزدَلِفَةَ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ وصَلاةَ العِشاءِ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ لم يَذكُرِ الأذانَ. حَدَّثَناه أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ. فذَكَرَه. والحَسَنُ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٤٤) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٧٣) من طريق جابر به، وفيه: بإقامة. ولم يذى الأذان.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٠٧٠).","vol":"3","page":131},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-449>بابُ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ لِلجَمْعِ بَينَ صَلَواتٍ فائتاتٍ</span>\n\n١٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عمرَ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: حُبِسْنا يَومَ الخَندَقِ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى كان بعدَ المَغرِبِ بهَوِىٍّ (^١) مِنَ اللَّيلِ حَتَّى كُفينا، وذَلِكَ قَولُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٥]. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، فأَحسَنَ صَلاتَها كما كان يُصَلِّيها، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ كَذَلِكَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ كَذَلِكَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى العِشاءَ كَذَلِكَ، وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يُنزِلَ اللَّهُ تعالَى في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ: ﴿فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٣٩].\nوهَكَذا رواه الشافعيُّ في الجَديدِ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٣)، ورواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ بمَعناه (^٤)، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا فأَقامَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ إقامَةً. ورواه الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ لم يُسَمِّ أحَدًا مِنهُم وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) الهوى: الحين الطويل من الزمان. النهاية ٥/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٩٨)، والنسائى (٦٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٦)، وابن حبان (٢٨٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٨٦.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٣٤٥). وسيأتي مسندا في (٦٠٧١).","vol":"3","page":132},{"text":"بلالًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى العِشاءَ.\nوهَكَذا رواه أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن أبيه في هَذِه القِصَّةِ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه، إلا أن أبا عُبَيدَةَ لم يُدرِكْ أباه، وهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n١٩١٣ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ جَنَاحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَنَاحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ (^١) جُبَيرٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنَّ المُشرِكينَ شَغَلوا النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن أربَعِ صَلَواتٍ يَومَ الخَندَقِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ، ثم أقامَ فصَلَّى العِشاءَ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن هُشَيمِ بنِ بَشيرٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ. ورواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، واختُلِفَ عليه في الأذانِ؛ مِنهُم مَن حَفِظَه عنه (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٢) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤٨١٢)، وفي مسنده (٣٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٥٥)، والترمذي (١٧٩)، والنسائي (٦٦١) من طريق هشيم به، وقال الترمذي: ليس بإسناده بأس إلا أن أبا عبيدة لم يسمع من عبد الله.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٦٩) عن هشام.","vol":"3","page":133},{"text":"ومِنهُم مَن لم يَحفَظْه (^١). ورواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ: يُتابِعُ بَعضُها بَعضًا بإِقامَةٍ إقامَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-450>بابُ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ لِلفائتَةِ</span>\n\n١٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَفَلَ مِن غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: ثم تَوَضّأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصَلَّى بهِمُ الصُّبحَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ، ولَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الأذانِ (^٤).\nولَم يَذكُرْ فيه الأذانَ أحَدٌ مَعَ الوَصلِ غَيرُ أبانٍ العَطّارِ عن مَعمَرٍ:\n\n١٩١٥ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ العَطّارُ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: عَرَّسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بنا مَرجِعَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠١٣)، والنسائي (٦٢١، ٦٦٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٩٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠٦٩) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وابن ماجه (٦٩٧) عن حرملة به. وأبو داود (٤٣٥) من طريق ابن وهب به، وسيأتي في (٣٢١٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٨٠/ ٣٠٩).","vol":"3","page":134},{"text":"مِن خَيبَرَ فقالَ: \"مَن يَحفَظُ عَلَينا الصَّلاةَ؟ \". فقالَ بلالٌ: أنا. فناموا حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١): \"يا بلالُ نِمتَ؟ \". قال: أخَذَ بنَفسِى الذي أخَذَ بأَنفاسِكُم. فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَحَوَّلوا عن مَكانِكُمُ الذي أصابَتكُم فيه الغَفلَةُ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قال: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \" (^٢). ورواه مالكٌ في \"الموطإِ\" عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ مُرسَلًا وذكَر فيه الأذانَ (^٣).\nوالأَذانُ في هَذِه القِصَّةِ صَحيحٌ ثابِتٌ، قَد رواه غَيرُ أبي هريرةَ:\n\n١٩١٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ (^٤)، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: سَرَينا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةً فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: لَو عَرَّستَ بنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنِّي أخافُ أن تَناموا عن الصَّلاةِ\". فقالَ بلالٌ: أنا أوقِظُكُم. فنَزَلَ القَومُ فاضطَجَعوا، وأَسنَدَ بلالٌ ظَهرَه إلى راحِلَتِه فغَلَبَته عَيناه، فاستَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد طَلَعَ حاجِبُ الشَّمسِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، أينَ ما قُلتَ؟ \". قال بلالٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أُلقيَت عَلَىَّ نَومَةٌ مِثلُها قَطُّ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"تحولوا عن مكانكم الذي أصابتكم به الغفلة فقال رسول اللَّه - ﷺ -\". وسيأتي مكان هذه العبارة قريبا.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٣٢٢٠).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٣، ١٤.\n(^٤) في س، د: \"فضل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٩٣.","vol":"3","page":135},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ قَبَضَ أرواحَكُم حينَ شاءَ، ورَدَّها إلَيكُم حينَ شاءَ\". ثم قال: \"يا بلالُ، قُمْ فآذِنِ النَّاسَ بالصَّلاةِ\". فتَوَضّأَ، فلَمّا ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ وابيَضَّت قامَ فصَلَّى (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عِمرانَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثَنى ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بطولِه في نَومِهِم عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، وفيه: ثم نادَى بلالٌ بالصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ، ثم صَلَّى صَلاةَ الغَداةِ، فصَنَعَ كما كان يَصنَعُ كُلَّ يَومٍ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ عن سليمانَ، وقالَ في الحديث: ثم أذَّنَ بلالٌ بالصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٨ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٠٩)، وابن حبان (١٥٧٩) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٩٨٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤١)، والنسائي (٦١٥)، وابن حبان (١٤٦٠) من طريق سليمان به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وأحمد (٢٢٥٤٦)، والترمذي (١٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٠، ٩٨٩) من طريق ثابت به مطولًا مختصرًا. وسيأتي في (٣٢١٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٨١).","vol":"3","page":136},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفُ بنُ أبى جَميلَةَ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: كُنّا في سَفَرٍ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ في نَومِهِم عن الصَّلاةِ، قال: فلَمّا استَيقَظَ شَكَونا إلَيه الذي أصابَنا فقالَ: \"لا ضَيرَ. أو: لا ضَرَرَ\". شَكَّ عَوفٌ، فقالَ: \"ارتَحِلوا\". فارتَحَلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - وسارَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، فنَزَلَ فدَعا بوَضوءٍ، ونادَى بالصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن عَوفٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان في سَفَرٍ فنامَ عن الصلاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، قال: فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم انتَظَرَ حَتَّى استَعْلَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ فصَلَّى بهِم (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه هِشامٌ عن الحَسَنِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا حُسَينُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٥) بنحوه، وليس فيه: ونادى بالصلاة.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٢/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٩١) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأبو داود (٤٤٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (٣٢١٧).","vol":"3","page":137},{"text":"ابنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سِرنا لَيلَةً مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ في نَومِهِم عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، وقالَ فيه: فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ ثم أقامَ (^١).\n\n١٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنا عَيَّاشُ بنُ عباسٍ، أن كُلَيبَ بنَ صُبَيحٍ حدَّثه، أن الزِّبْرِقانَ حدَّثه، عن عَمِّه عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه، فنامَ ولَم يُصَلِّ الصُّبحَ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فلَم يَستَيقِظْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولا أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِه حَتَّى آذاهُم حَرُّ الشَّمسِ فأَمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَتَنَحَّوا عن ذَلِكَ المَكانِ، ثم أمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ، ثم صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَيِ الفَجرِ، وأَمَرَ أصحابَه فصَلَّوا رَكعَتَيِ الفَجرِ، ثم أمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣)، وذِى مِخبَرٍ الحَبَشِيِّ (^٤) وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ (^٥) مَرفوعًا إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٤٣٠٧). وأخرجه أبو داود يعلى (٥٠١٠)، وابن حبان (١٥٨٠) من طريق حسين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٥١)، وأبو داود (٤٤٤) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن به، وعند أحمد ذكر الإقامة فقط. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٩)، والنسائي (٦٢٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٢٤)، وأبو داود (٤٤٥، ٩٩٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٢ - قطعة من الجزء ١٣).","vol":"3","page":138},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنى ابنَ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن زُيَيدَ (^١) بنَ الصَّلتِ خَرَجَ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إلى الجُرفِ، فنَظَرَ فإِذا هو قَدِ احتَلَمَ فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما أظُنُّ إلا وأَنِّى قَدِ احتَلَمتُ وما شَعَرتُ، وصَلَّيتُ وما اغتَسَلتُ. قال: فاغتَسَلَ وغَسَلَ ما رأَى في ثَوبِه ونَضَحَ ما لم يَرَ، وأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ ثم صَلَّى بعدَ ارتِفاعِ الضُّحَى مُتَمَكِّنًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-451>بابُ سُنَّةِ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ لِلمَكتوبَةِ في حالَتَىِ الانفِرادِ والجَماعَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُغيرُ إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، وكانَ يَستَمِعُ الأذانَ، فإِن سمِع الأذانَ أمسَكَ وإِلَّا أغارَ. قال: فسَمِعَ رجلًا يقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"على الفِطرَةِ\". ثم قال: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَرَجْتَ مِنَ النّارِ\". قال: فنَظَروا فإِذا هو راعِى مِعْزًى (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"زيد\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف للدارقطنى ٣/ ١١٤٥.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١٦).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٨٢، والجعديات للبغوى (٣٤٠٦). وأخرجه تمام في فوائده (٨٨١ - روض) من طريق القطان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٨٢).","vol":"3","page":139},{"text":"١٩٢٤ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُغيرُ عِندَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، فكانَ يَستَمِعُ، فإِن سمِع أذانًا أمسَكَ وإِلَّا أغارَ، فاستَمَعَ ذاتَ يَومٍ فسَمِعَ رجلًا يقولُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الفِطرَةَ الفِطرَةَ\". فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا الله. فقالَ: \"خَرَجتَ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه إذ سَمِعنا مُناديًا يقولُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"على الفِطرَةِ\". فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَرَجَ مِنَ النّارِ\". قال: فابتَدَرناه فإِذا هو صاحِبُ ماشيَةٍ أدرَكَته الصَّلاةُ فنادَى بها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٠٨ من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأبو داود (٢٦٣٤) - وعنه أبو عوانة (٦٥٩٦) - عن موسى بن إسماعيل به، وعندهم مختصر إلى قوله: \"وإلا أغار\". وأخرجه أبو سعيد النقاش في فوائد العراقيين (٩١) بتمامه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٦١) عن عبد الوهاب به. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٦٦٥) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":140},{"text":"١٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، أن أبا عُشّانَةَ المَعافِرِيَّ حدَّثه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يَعجَبُ رَبُّكَ مِن راعِى غَنَمٍ في رأسِ شَظيَّةٍ (^١) لِلجَبَلِ، يُؤَذِّنُ بالصَّلاةِ ويُصَلِّى، فيَقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: انظُروا إلى عَبدِى هذا يُؤَذِّنُ ويُقيمُ لِلصَّلاةِ يَخافُ مِنِّى، قَد غَفَرتُ لِعَبدِى وأَدخَلتُه جَنَّتِى\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ ببَغدادَ في سنةِ ثَمانِ وسِتّينَ ومائَتَينِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ قال: لا يَكونُ رجلٌ بأَرضٍ قِىٍّ (^٣) فيَتَوَضّأُ أو يَتَيَمَّمُ صَعيدًا طَيِّبًا فيُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ، ثم يُقيمُها فيُصَلِّى - وفِي حَديثِ أبى العباسِ: فيُقيمُها - إلا أمَّ مِن جُنودِ اللَّهِ مَن لا يُرَى قُطراه. أو قال: طَرَفاه. شَكَّ التَّيمِىُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الشظية: قطعة مرتفعة في رأس الجبل. النهاية ٢/ ٤٧٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٢٠٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٦٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فئ\"، والأرض القِيُّ، بالكسرِ والتشديد: هي الأرض القفر الخالية. الفائق ٣/ ٢٣٤، والنهاية ٤/ ١٣٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٣٤١)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨٩)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥ من طريق سليمان به.","vol":"3","page":141},{"text":"١٩٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سليمانُ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن سَلمانَ قال: لا يَكونُ رجلٌ بأَرضٍ قِيٍّ فيَتَوَضّأُ إن وجَدَ ماءً وإِلَّا تَيَمَّمَ، فيُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ ثم يُقيمُها، إلا أمَّ مِن جُنودِ اللَّه ﷿ ما لا يُرَى طَرَفاه، أو قال: طَرَفُه. هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ. وقَد روِى مَرفوعًا، ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه:\n\n١٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِم الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَيروتِيُّ ببَيروتَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، يَعنِى ابنَ سوَيدٍ الرَّملِيَّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ النَّضرِ، حدثنا القاسِمُ يَعنِى ابنَ غُصنٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِيِّ قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن رجلٍ يَكونُ بأَرضٍ قِيٍّ فيُؤَذِّنُ بحَضرَةِ الصَّلاةِ ويُقيمُ الصَّلاةَ فيُصَلِّى، إلا صَفَّ خَلفَه مِنَ المَلائكَةِ ما لا يُرَى قُطراه، يَركَعونَ برُكوعِه، ويَسجُدونَ بسُجودِه، ويُؤَمِّنونَ على دُعائه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-452>بابُ سُنَّةِ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ في البُيوتِ وغَيرِها</span>\n\n١٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ الخُرَيبِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ جُمَيعٍ، عن لَيلَى بنتِ مالكٍ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف ٤/ ٣٢ - من طريق داود به.","vol":"3","page":142},{"text":"ابنِ خالِدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أُمِّ ورَقَةَ الأنصاريَّةِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"انطَلِقوا بنا إلى الشَّهيدَةِ فنَزورُها\". وأَمَرَ أن يُؤَذَّنَ لها ويُقامَ وتَؤُمَّ أهلَ دارِها في الفَرائضِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-453>بابُ الاكتِفاءِ بأَذانِ الجَماعَةِ وإِقامَتِهِم</span>\n\n١٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ قالا: أتَينا عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ في دارِه فقالَ: أصَلَّى هَؤُلاءِ خَلفَكُم؟ قُلنا: لا. فقالَ: قوموا فصَلُّوا. فلَم يأمُرْنا بأَذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ. ثم اقتصَّ (^٢) صَلاتَه بهِما (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قالَ: صَلَّى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ بى وبِالأسوَدِ بغَيرِ أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، وربما قالَ: يُجزِئُنا أذانُ الحَىِّ وإِقامَتُهُم.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٨٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٠٣، وسيأتي في (٥٤٢٠).\n(^٢) في م: \"اقتضا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٧١٨، ٧١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٣٤).","vol":"3","page":143},{"text":"١٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سليمانُ، يَعنِى ابنَ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ قال: قال ابنُ عمرَ: إذا كُنتَ في قَريَةٍ يُؤَذَّنُ فيها ويُقامُ أجزأَكَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمرًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ واقِدٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان لا يُقيمُ الصَّلاةَ بأَرضٍ تُقامُ بها الصَّلاةُ، وكانَ لا يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَيِ الفَجرِ في السَّفَرِ، وكانَ لا يَدَعُهُما في الحَضَرِ. قيلَ لِسُفيانَ: فإِنَّ حَمّادَ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ في هذا الحديثِ أو في بَعضِه: عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ. فقالَ سُفيانُ: ما سَمِعتُ عَمرًا ذاكِرًا يَزيدَ الفَقيرَ قَطُّ، ما قال لَنا إلا أنَّه سمِع عِكرِمَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ واقِدٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-454>بابُ صِحَّةِ الصَّلاةِ مَعَ تَركِ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ أو تَركِ أحَدِهِما</span>\n\n١٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ جَميعًا.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٠٩.","vol":"3","page":144},{"text":"قالَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ في الحديث: لم يُنادِ في كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما إلا بإِقامَةٍ، ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما ولا على إثرِ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: قال أبو عمرٍو يَعنِى الأوزاعِيَّ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبيَرِ المَكِّيُّ، عن نافِعِ بنِ (^٣) جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قالى: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - موازِى العَدوِّ يَومَ الخَندَقِ، فشَغَلوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ حَتَّى كان نِصفُ اللَّيلِ، ثم قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فبَدأَ بالظُّهرِ فصَلَّاها، ثم العَصرَ ثم المَغرِبَ ثم العِشاءَ، يُتابِعُ بَعضُها بَعضًا بإِقامَةٍ إقامَةٍ.\n\n١٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ. وعَن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فامشُوا وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٩١)، ومالك ١/ ٤٠٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٨٧)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٦)، والنسائي (٦٠٦). وتقدم تخريجه من طريق ابن أبي ذئب في (١٨٩٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٣)، ومسلم (١٢٨٧/ ٧٠٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\".","vol":"3","page":145},{"text":"[فصَلُّوا ما أدركتُم واقضُوا ما فاتكُم] (^١) \" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرىِّ (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ: ومَن أدرَكَ آخِرَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد فاتَه أن يَحضُرَ أذانًا وإِقامَةً، ولَم يُؤَذِّنْ لِنَفسِه ولَم يُقِمْ، ولَم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا أنَّه إذا جاءَ المَسجِدَ وقَد خَرَجَ الإمامُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ كان له أن يُصَلِّىَ بلا أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يقولُ: مَن صَلَّى في مَسجِدٍ قَد أُقيمَت فيه الصَّلاةُ أجزأَتْه إقامَتُهُم.\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: وبِه قال الحسنُ والشَّعبِيُّ والنَّخَعِيُّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-455>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ أن يُؤَذِّنَ ويُقيمَ في نَفسِه إذا دَخَلَ مَسجِدًا قَد أُقيمَت فيه الصَّلاةُ</span>\nوكانَ عَطاءٌ يقولُ: يُقيمُ لِنَفسِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"والوقار فما أدركتم فصلوا وما فاتكم فأتموا\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٤١٢، ٢٤٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٩٣)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٧٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٦، ٩٠٨)، ومسلم (٦٠٢).\n(^٤) الأم ١/ ٨٧.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٠)، وكتاب الصلاة للفضل بن دكين (٢٦٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣١٥، ٢٣١٦، ٢٣١٨).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٧، ١٩٥٨، ١٩٧٠)، وكتاب الصلاة للفضل بن دكين (٢٨١ - =","vol":"3","page":146},{"text":"١٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمَّدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي عيسَى التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن يونُسَ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: جاءَنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ وقَد صَلَّينا الفَجرَ، فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، ثم صَلَّى الفَجرَ بأَصحابِهِ (^١).\nورُوّيناه عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ في الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ (^٢)، ثم عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ والزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-456>بابُ أخذِ المَرءِ بأَذانِ غَيرِه وإِقامَتِه وإِن لم يُقِمْ بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصمٍ قال: سمِع النبيُّ - ﷺ - رجلًا يُؤَذِّنُ لِلمَغرِبِ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ما قال. قال: فانتَهَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - وقَد قال: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"انزِلوا فصَلُّوا المَغرِبَ بإِقامَةِ ذَلِكَ العَبدِ الأسوَدِ\" (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n= ٢٨٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨٦، ٢٢٨٧، ٢٣١١).\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤١٨) عن الثوري به. وابن أبي شيبة (٧١٦٢) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) الأوسط لابن المنذر (١١٩١).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣١٢، ٢٣١٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧١)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٧، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٠٣: إبراهيم واهٍ.","vol":"3","page":147},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-457>بابٌ: لَيسَ على النِّساءِ أذانٌ ولا إقامَةٌ</span>\n\n١٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريّا المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ على النِّساءِ أذانٌ ولا إقامَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن أسماءَ قالَت قال: رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على النِّساءِ أذانٌ ولا إقامَةٌ ولا جُمُعَةٌ، ولا اغتِسالُ جُمُعَةٍ، ولا تَقَدَّمَهُنَّ امرأَةٌ ولَكِن تَقومُ في وسَطِهِنَّ\" (^٢). هَكَذا رواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأيلِىُّ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مَوقوفًا (^٤) ومَرفوعًا، ورَفعُه ضَعيفٌ، وهو قَولُ الحسنِ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وابنِ سيرينَ والنَّخَعِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في موطئه (٤٧٣)، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٠٢٢) عن عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.\n(^٢) الكامل ٢/ ٦٢٠. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ١٧٣ من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به، بنحوه.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٤٢).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٩).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٠٢٠، ٥٠٢١، ٥٠٢٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٤، ٢٣٢٦ - ٢٣٢٨).","vol":"3","page":148},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-458>بابُ أَذانِ المَرأَةِ وإقامَتِها لِنَفسِها وصواحِباتِها</span>\n\n١٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها كانَت تُؤَذِّنُ وتُقيمُ وتَؤُمُّ النِّساءَ وتَقومُ وسَطَهُنَّ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكير الحارِثِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ البَرقِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ ثَوبانَ: هَل على النِّساءِ إقامَةٌ؟ فحَدَّثَنِى أن أباه حدَّثه قال: سأَلتُ مَكحولًا فقالَ: إذا أذَّنَّ فأَقَمنَ فذَلِكَ أفضَلُ، وإِن لم يَزِدْنَ على الإِقامَةِ أجزأت عَنهُنَّ. قال ابنُ ثَوبانَ: وإِن لم يُقِمنَ، فإِنَّ الزُّهرِيِّ حَدَّثَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنّا نُصَلِّى بغَيرِ إقامَةٍ.\nوهَذا إنْ صَحَّ مَعَ الأوَّلِ فلا يَتَنافَيانِ؛ لِجَوازِ فِعلِها ذَلِكَ مَرَّةً وتَركِها أُخرَى، لِجَوازِ الأمرَينِ جَميعًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ. ويُذكَرُ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قيلَ له: أتُقيمُ المَرأَةُ؟ قال: نَعَم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-459>بابٌ: المَرأةُ لا تُؤَذِّنُ لِلرِّجالِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٣، ٢٠٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٥) عن ابن إدريس به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٠٤: ليث لين.\n(^٢) في م: \"محمد\".","vol":"3","page":149},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ بأصبَهانَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبَرَنِي نافِعٌ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه كانَ يقولُ: كان المُسلِمونَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ يَجتَمِعونَ فيَتَحَيَّنونَ الصَّلاةَ ولَيسَ يُنادِي بها أحَدٌ، فتكَلَّموا يَومًا في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: اتَّخِذوا ناقوسًا مِثلَ ناقوسِ النَّصارَى. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: بل قَرنًا مِثلَ قَرنِ اليَهودِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أوَلا تَبعَثونَ رجلًا يُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، قُمْ فنادِ بالصَّلاةِ\" (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-460>بابُ القَولِ مِثلَ ما يقولُ المُؤَذِّنُ</span>\n\n١٩٤٦ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى إملاءً قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنُ الحسنِ الشَّرْقِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَمِعتُمُ النِّداءَ فقولوا مِثلَ مَا يقولُ المؤَذِّنُ\" (^٣). رواه البخاري عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، كِلاهمُا عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٨). وتقدم في (١٨٥٢، ١٨٥٩)\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠٤)، ومسلم (٣٧٧).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٦٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٥٢٢)، والترمذي (٢٠٨)، والنسائي (٦٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٧٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٠) عن ابن مهدى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦١١)، ومسلم (٣٨٣).","vol":"3","page":150},{"text":"١٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَهضَمٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قال المُؤَذِّنُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ أحَدُكُمُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ. ثم قال: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. قال: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. ثم قال: أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ. قال: أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ. ثم قال: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ. قال: لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّهِ. ثم قال: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. قال: لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّهِ. ثم قال: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. قال: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. ثم قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. مِن قَلبِه دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَهضَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدّارَبَردِىُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ بنَ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ وهو جالِسٌ على المِنبَرِ أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ فقالَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات (٤٧)، والصغرى (٢٩٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٨٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٧) من طريق محمد بن جهضم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٨٥).","vol":"3","page":151},{"text":"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: وأَنا. فلَمَّا انقَضَى التّأذينُ قال: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ على هذا المَجلِسِ حينَ أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ، فقالَ مِثلَ ما سَمِعتُم مِن مَقالَتِى (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الدَّستُوائىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ قال: دَخَلنا على مُعاويَةَ فنادَى المُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ فقالَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: وأَنا أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: وأَنا أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ. قال يَحيَى: فحَدَّثَنا صاحِبٌ لَنا أنَّه لما قال: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ. قال: لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللهِ. ثم قال: هَكَذا سَمِعْنا نَبيَّكُم - ﷺ -. لَفظُ حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ، ولَم يُثبِتْ عبدُ الوَهّابِ أو مَن رَوَى عنه هذا التَّفصيلَ مِن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦٢)، والنسائي (٦٧٤) من طريق أبى أمامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩١٤).","vol":"3","page":152},{"text":"ابنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ مُختَصَرًا دونَ هَذِه الزّيادَةِ مِن يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا سمِع المُؤَذِّنَ يَتَشَهَّدُ قالَ: \"وأَنا وأَنا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-461>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا فرَغَ مِن ذلكَ</span>\n\n١٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ وأبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ (^٤) ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حدثنا كَعبُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَمِعتُمُ المُؤَذِّنَ يُؤَذِّنُ فقولوا كما يقولُ، وصَلُّوا عَلَىَّ، فإِنَّه لَيسَ أحَدٌ يُصَلِّى عَلَيَّ صَلاةً إلا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه عَشْرًا، وسَلُوا اللَّهَ لِىَ الوَسيلَةَ، فإِنَّ الوَسيلَةَ مَنزِلَةٌ في الجَنَّةِ لا يَنبَغِى أن تَكونَ إلا لِعَبدٍ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٢٨)، والدارمى (١٢٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٩٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"البزار\".","vol":"3","page":153},{"text":"عِبادِ اللَّهِ، وأَرجو أن أكونَه، ومَن سأَلَها لِى حَلَّت عليه (^١) شَفاعَتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ إسحاقَ البَزَّازُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنا كَعبُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: إنَّه سَمِع عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: إنَّه سمِع النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا سَمِعتُمُ المُؤَذِّنَ\" (^٣). ثم حدثنا المُقرِئُ نَحوَ حَديثِه عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي أيّوبَ.\n\n١٩٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن حَيوَةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ أبي أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِما، عن كَعبِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وقالَ: \"وأَرجو أن أكونَ أنا هو، فمَن سألَ لِىَ الوَسيلَةَ حَلَّتْ له الشَّفاعَةُ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ المُرادِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيَّاشٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"له\".\n(^٢) فوائد الفاكهى (١٠٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٦١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٨) من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدعوات (٥٠). وفوائد الفاكهى (١٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٦٨)، والترمذي (٣٦١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٨) من طريق المقرئ به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٣) عن محمد بن سلمة به. وأبو عوانة (٩٨٣)، وابن حبان (١٦٩٠) من طريق ابن وهب عن حيوة وحده به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٨٤).","vol":"3","page":154},{"text":"عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قال حينَ يَسمَعُ النِّداءَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أسأَلُكَ بحَقِّ هَذِه الدَّعوَةِ التّامَّةِ والصَّلاةِ القائمَةِ، آتِ محمدًا الوَسيلَةَ والفَضيلَةَ، وابعَثْه المَقامَ المَحمودَ الذي وعَدتَه؛ إنَّكَ لا تُخلِفُ الميعادَ. إلا حَلَّت له شفاعَتِى\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عَيّاشٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن حُكَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قال حينَ يَسمَعُ المُؤَذِّنَ: وأَنا أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وَحدَه لا شَريكَ له وأَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، رَضيتُ باللَّهِ رَبًّا وبمُحَمَّدٍ رسولًا وبالإِسلامِ دينًا. غُفِرَ له\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَعنٍ المَسعودِىُّ، عن أبي كَثيرٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أقولَ عِندَ أذانِ المَغرِبِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات (٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨١٧)، وعنه أبو داود (٥٢٩). والترمذي (٢١١)، وابن ماجه (٧٢٢)، والنسائي (٦٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٤٢٠) من طريق على بن عياش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٤). بدون قوله: \"إنك لا تخلف الميعاد\". قال الألباني: لم ترد هذه الزيادة في جميع طرق الحديث عن على بن عياش اللَّهم إلا في رواية الكشميهنى لصحيح البخاري خلافًا لغيره فهى شاذة. إرواء الغليل ١/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٨٦).","vol":"3","page":155},{"text":"إقبالُ لَيلِكَ، وإِدبارُ نَهارِكَ، وأَصواتُ دُعاتِكَ، فاغفِرْ لِى\" (^١). كَذا في كِتابِى، وقالَ غَيرُه عن القاسِمِ بنِ مَعنٍ قال: حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ (^٢). ورواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إسحاقَ عن أبي كَثيرٍ وزادَ فيه: \"وحُضورُ صَلاتِكَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-462>بابُ الدُّعاءِ بينَ الأذانِ والإقامةِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ السَّرحِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن حُيَيٍّ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ الحُبُلِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رجلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَ المُؤَذِّنينَ يَفضُلونَنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُلْ كما يَقولونَ، فإِذا انتَهَيتَ فسَلْ تُعطَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّيِّ، عن أبي إياسٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُرَدُّ الدُّعاءُ بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وأخرجه ابن السنى في عمل اليوم والليلة (٦٤٩) من طريق العدنى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الدعوات (٣٣٣) عن الحاكم به. وفيه: أظنه قال: حدثنا المسعودى. وأبو داود (٥٣٠) من طريق العدنى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٥٤١) من طريق عبد الرحمن به، والترمذي (٣٥٨٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن عن حفصة، عن أبيها أبي كثير به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب إنما نعرفه من هذا الوجه، وحفصة بنت أبى كثير لا نعرفها، ولا أباها.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥٢٤). وقال الألباني في صحيح أي داود (٤٩٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدعوات (٦٠)، وأبو داود (٥٢١). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٤٨٩).","vol":"3","page":156},{"text":"١٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ يَعقوبَ الزَّمْعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو حازِمِ ابنُ دينارٍ، أن سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \" [اثنتانِ لا تُرَدّانِ] (^١) - أو [قَلَّ ما] (^٢) تُرَدّانِ - الدُّعاءُ عِندَ النِّداءِ، وعِندَ البأسِ حينَ يُلحِمُ بَعضُه بَعضًا\" (^٣). رَفَعَه الزَّمْعِىُّ ووَقَفَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ الإمامُ.\n\n١٩٦٠ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: ساعَتانِ تُفتَحُ فيهِما أبوابُ السَّماءِ، وقَلَّ داعٍ تُرَدُّ عليه دَعوَتُه، حَضرَةُ النِّداءِ بالصَّلاةِ، والصَّفُّ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-463>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا سمِع الإقامةَ</span>\n\n١٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، حدَّثَنى رجلٌ مِن أهلِ الشَّامِ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أو عن بَعضِ أصحابِ\n_________\n(^١) في د، س: \"اثنان لا يردان\". وفي م: \"ثنتان لا تردان\".\n(^٢) في د: \"قال ما\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدعوات (٥٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٩٨. وأخرجه الدارمي (١٢٣٦)، وأبو داود (٢٥٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤١٩) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢١٥).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٧٠، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٧٣٠).","vol":"3","page":157},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ بلالًا أخَذَ في الإِقامَةِ فلَمّا قال: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أقامَها اللهُ وأَدامَها\". وقالَ في سائرِ الإِقامَةِ كَنَحوِ حَديثِ عمرَ في الأذانِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا إنْ صَحَّ شاهِدٌ لِما استَحَبَّه الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى مِن قَولِه: اللَّهُمَّ أقِمْها وأَدِمْها واجعَلْنا مِن صالِحِ أهلِها عَمَلًا. وبَعضُ هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ فيما:\n\n١٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي عيسَى الأُسوارِيِّ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ إذا سمِع الأذانَ قال: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِه الدَّعوَةِ المُستَجابَةِ المُستَجابِ لها، دَعوَةِ الحَقِّ وكَلِمَةِ التَّقوَى، تَوَفَّنِى عَلَيها وأَحيِنِى عَلَيها، واجعَلنِى مِن صالِحِ أهلِها عَمَلًا يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-464>بابُ الأذانِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^٣) القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ قال: أتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أنا وابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات (٧١)، وأبو داود (٥٢٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (٤٦٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"3","page":158},{"text":"عَمٍّ لِي فقالَ: \"إذا سافَرتُما فأَذِّنا وأَقيما، وليَؤُمَّكُما أكبَرُكُما\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا والمَنيعِيُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ زَنجُويه، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: ابنُ عَمٍّ لِى (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىِّ (^٣).\nوفيما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ أبى جُحَيفَةَ في أذانِ بلالٍ بالأَبْطَحِ (^٤)، وحَديثِ أبى قَتادَةَ وغَيرِه في أذانِ بلالٍ مُنصَرَفَهُم مِن خَيبَرَ (^٥)، وفيما نَذكُرُه في مَسأَلَةِ الإِبرادِ بالظُّهرِ مِن حَديثِ أبى ذَرٍّ (^٦)، دَليلٌ على أن الأذانَ والإِقامَةَ مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ في السَّفَرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-465>بابُ قَولِ مَنِ اقتَصَرَ على الإقامَةِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان لا يَزيدُ على الإِقامَةِ في السَّفَرِ في الصَّلاةِ إلا في الصُّبحِ، فإِنَّه كان يُؤَذِّنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٤٣١) من طريق أبى بكر به. والترمذي (٢٠٥)، والنسائي (٦٣٣، ٧٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩٦) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٩٦٨) من طريق الفريابى به. وأحمد (١٥٦٠١)، والنسائي (٦٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢١٢٩) من طريق خالد به. وسيأتي في (٢٣٠١، ٥٠٦٣، ٥٠٦٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٧١ - ١٨٧٤).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩١٦، ١٩١٧).\n(^٦) سيأتي في (٢٠٨٦ - ٢٠٨٨).","vol":"3","page":159},{"text":"فيها ويُقيمُ ويَقولُ: إنَّما الأذانُ لِلإِمامِ الذي يَجتَمِعُ إلَيه النّاسُ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أخيه الرُّحَيلِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قالَ: سأَلتُ ابنَ عمرَ: أُؤَذِّنُ في السَّفَرِ؟ قالَ: لِمَن تُؤَذِّنُ؟ للفَأْرِ (^٢)؟!\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الذي ذَهَبَ إلَيه ابنُ عمرَ شَيءٌ يَحتَمِلُ، لَولا حَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ في الأذانِ في الباديَةِ (^٣)، وحَديثُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه في أذانِ الرّاعِى (^٤)، وفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أن الأذانَ مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ وإِن كان وحدَه، ويُستَدَلُّ بحَديثِ ابنِ عمرَ على أن تَركَ الأذانِ في السَّفَرِ أخَفُّ مِن تَركِه في الحَضَرِ. ورُوّينا عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ أنَّه قال في المُسافِرِ: إن شاءَ أذَّنَ وأَقامَ، وإِن شاءَ أقامَ (^٥). وَبَعضُ النّاسِ رَفَعَ حَديثَ ابنِ عمرَ، وهو وهمٌ فاحِشٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-466>بابُ إفرادِ الإقامةِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٤٧٧)، ومالك ١/ ٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط ٣/ ٤٨ من طريق زهير بن معاوية به، ولم يسم أخاه. وفيه: للفَأْرة.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٨١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٩٢٣، ١٩٢٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨٨) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٦) في النسخ: \"البزار\". وتقدم تحريره في ١/ ١٦.","vol":"3","page":160},{"text":"حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ الخَفّافُ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ. فحَدَّثتُ به أيّوبَ فقالَ: إلَّا الإِقامَةَ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ إِلا الإِقامَةَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٩٤٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٧١)، وأبو داود (٥٠٩) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٠٧)، ومسلم (٣٧٨/ ٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٢٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به، وتقدم في (١٨٥٣). وسيأتي من طريق أبي داود عنه في (١٩٧٩).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٠٥).","vol":"3","page":161},{"text":"القاسِمِ ابنُ بنتِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ البِسطامِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ - على شَكٍّ فيه - حدثنا بشرُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: ذَكَروا النّارَ والنّاقوسَ، وذَكَروا اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى، فأُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عمرٍو. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عِمرانَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يُثَنِّىَ الأذانَ ويوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِيِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٩٥٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٨/ ٢).\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٣٦٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٠٣، ٣٤٥٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٨٣٤) من طريق عبد الوارث به.","vol":"3","page":162},{"text":"عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، [أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لما كَثُرَ النّاسُ ذَكَروا أن يُعلِموا وقتَ الصَّلاةِ بشَيءٍ يَعرِفونَه، فذَكَروا أن يُنَوِّروا نارًا أو يَضرِبوا ناقوسًا، فأُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإقامَةَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ] (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى الثَّقَفِيَّ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لما كَثُرَ النّاسُ ذَكَروا أن يَعلَموا وقتَ الصَّلاةِ بشَئٍ يَعرِفونَه، فذَكَروا أن يوقِدوا نارًا أو يَضرِبوا ناقوسًا، فأُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامةَ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٧٨/ ٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٨)، وعنه أبو عوانة (٩٥٢). والسراج (٣٨) من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٧٨/ ٤).\n(^٤) سقط من: د.\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (٣٦٦، ٣٦٨). وتقدم تخريجه من طريق عبد الوهاب في (١٨٥٣).","vol":"3","page":163},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عمرَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِيِّ عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الشافعيُّ عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ (^٤).\nورواه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وقُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن عبدِ الوَهَّابِ بإِسنادِه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بلالًا. وفى سياقِ مَن ساقَ قِصَّةَ الحديثِ دَليلٌ على أن الآمِرَ به هو رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بلالًا أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإقامةَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٠٦)، ومسلم (٣٧٨/ ٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٦٦) عن محمد بن بشار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٧٨/ ٥).\n(^٤) السنن المأثورة للشافعي (٧١)، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٢).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٣)، والصغرى (٢٨٤)، والحاكم ١/ ١٩٨، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (٤٣٢٠)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"3","page":164},{"text":"ابنِ هانِئٍ وأبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَملِى، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن أبانِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان أذانُه مَثنَى مَثنَى، وإِقامَتُه مَرَّةً مَرَّةً.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-467>بابُ تَثنيَةِ قَولِه: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، وإِفرادِ باقِيها </span>(^٢)\n\n١٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٣) بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرُويَه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ (^٤)، عن سِماكِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويوتِرَ الإقامةَ إلا الإِقامَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٦٢٦) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) في م: \"ما قبلها\".\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) بعده في د، م: \"بن زيد\".\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن أبي خيثمة (١٣٩٩)، وأبو داود (٥٠٨)، وعنه أبو عوانة (٥٩٢).","vol":"3","page":165},{"text":"رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ إلا قَولَه: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي المُثَنَّى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: كان الأذانُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَثنَى مَثنَى، والإِقامَةُ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً، غَيرَ أن المُؤَذِّنَ إذا قال: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. قال مَرَّتَينِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى الفَرّاءَ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا المُثَنَّى قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: كان الأذانُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَثنَى مَثنَى، والإِقامَةُ مَرَّةً\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٠٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"البزار\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٩٤)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٣٧٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٥) عن الحاكم به. وفى المعرفة (٥٨٩) من طريق أبى العباس به. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٦٠٢) عن ابن مهدى به.","vol":"3","page":166},{"text":"مَرَّةً، غَيرَ أنَّه إذا قال: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. ثَنّاها، فإِذا سمِع الإقامَةَ أحَدُنا تَوَضّأَ ثم خَرَجَ (^١).\nورواه غُندَرٌ وعُثمانُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي جَعفَرٍ المَدَنِيِّ عن مُسلِمِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢)، ورواه أبو عامِرٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي جَعفَرٍ مُؤَذِّنِ مَسجِدِ العُريانِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا المُثَنَّى مُؤَذِّنَ مَسجِدِ الأكبَرِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: أدرَكتُ أبى وجَدِّى يُؤَذِّنونَ هذا الأذانَ الذي أُؤَذِّنُ، ويُقيمونَ هَذِه الإقامَةَ، فيَقولونَ: إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عَلَّمَه أبا مَحذورَةَ. فذكَر الأذانَ. قال: والإقامَةُ فُرادَى: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ (^٤).\n\n١٩٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٦٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٤)، وابن حبان (١٦٧٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٦٩)، وأبو داود (٥١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٤)، وابن حبان (١٦٧٤) من طريق غندر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١١) من طريق أبى عامر به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٩١)، والنسائي (٦٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٨) من طريق إبراهيم به. وقال الترمذي: صحيح.","vol":"3","page":167},{"text":"سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ جَزَرَةُ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى وجَدِّى يُحَدِّثانِ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ، أنَّه كان يُؤَذِّنُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيُفرِدُ الإِقامَةَ إلا أنَّه يقولُ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-468>بابُ مَن قال بإفرادِ قولِه: قد قامتِ الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n١٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَليمِىُّ المَروَزيّانِ بمَروَ قالا: حدثنا أبو الموَجَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الموَجِّهِ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا عَبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ وهو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ عن النِّداءِ أن أوَّلَ مَن أُرِيَه (^٢) في النَّومِ رجلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن بنى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ: بَينا أنا نائمٌ إذ أرَى رجلًا يَمشِى وفِي يَدِه ناقوسٌ فقُلتُ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، أتَبيعُ هذا النّاقوسَ؟ فقالَ: ما تُريدُ إلَيهِ؟ فقُلتُ: أُريدُ أن أتَّخِذَه لِلنِّداءِ بالصَّلاةِ. فقالَ: ألا أُخبِرُكَ بخَيرٍ مِن ذَلِكَ؟ قُلْ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٧٩٣) عن يعقوب بن حميد به.\n(^٢) في م: \"أمر به\".","vol":"3","page":168},{"text":"على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. ثم قالَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. قالَ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: فاستَيقَظَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ فجَمَعَ عليه ثيابَه، ثم أقبَلَ حَتَّى أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِى أُرِىَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قالَ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: وأُرِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فأَقبَلَ حَتَّى أخبرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِى أُرِىَ مِن ذَلِكَ، وكانَ أوَّلَهُما سَبَقَ بالرُّؤيا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، فوَجَدَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد أمَرَ بالتّأذينِ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا فأَذَّنَ بالأذانِ الأوَّلِ ثم بالإِقامَةِ (^١). هَكَذا رواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\nورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ كما:\n\n١٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ حمدُويَه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ الزّاهِدُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ هو ابنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قالَ: ذكَر محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه قالَ: لما أجمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَضرِبَ بالنّاقوسِ يَجمَعُ النّاسَ لِلصَّلاةِ وهو له كارِهٌ لِموافَقَةِ النَّصارَى، أطافَ بى مِنَ اللَّيلِ طائفٌ وأَنا نائمٌ، رجلٌ عليه ثَوبانِ أخضَرانِ وفِي يَدِه ناقوسٌ يَحمِلُه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٩٣٧)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩ من طريق يونس به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧٧٤) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"3","page":169},{"text":"فقُلتُ له: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، أتَبيعُ النّاقوسَ؟ قال: وما تَصنَعُ بهِ؟ قُلتُ: أدعو به إلى الصَّلاةِ. قال: أفَلا أدُلُّكَ على خَيرٍ مِن ذَلِكَ؟ فقُلتُ: بَلَى، فقالَ: تَقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. ثم استأخَرَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثم قال: ثم تَقولُ إذا أقَمتَ الصَّلاةَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فلمَّا أصبَحتُ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرتُه بما رأَيتُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هَذِه لَرُؤيا حَقٍّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى\". ثم أمَرَ بالتأذينِ، فكانَ بلالٌ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ يُؤَذِّنُ بذَلِكَ (^١).\nولِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٩٨٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثنى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه قال: حدَّثَنى أبى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: لما أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالنّاقوسِ يُعمَلُ ليَضرِبَ به النّاسُ لِجَمعِ الصَّلاةِ. فذكَر الحديثَ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٦٤٧٧). وتقدم في (١٩٨٥).","vol":"3","page":170},{"text":"في رُؤياه وفِي حِكايَةِ الأذانِ بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وقالَ في الإِقامَةِ: ثم تَقولُ إذا أقَمتَ الصَّلاةَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. فعادَ الحديثُ إلى إفرادِ سائرِ كَلِماتِ الإِقامَةِ وتَثنيَةِ قَولِه: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ (^١).\nحدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقول: لَيسَ في أخبارِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ في قِصَّةِ الأذانِ خَبَرٌ أصَحُّ مِن هذا؛ لأنَّ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ سَمِعَه مِن أبيه، وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى لم يَسمَعْه مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ (^٣) يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عائذٍ القَرَظِ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارٍ وعَمّارٌ وعُمَرُ ابنا حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه سَعدِ القَرَظِ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: إنَّ هذا الأذانَ أذانُ بلالٍ الذي أمَرَ به\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢)، والدلائل ٧/ ١٧، وأبو داود (٤٩٩). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٦٩): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٣٧٢).\n(^٣) في د: \"سعد\".","vol":"3","page":171},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وإِقامَتُه، وهو: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، ثم يَرجِعُ فيَقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. والإِقامَةُ واحِدَةٌ واحِدَةٌ ويَقولُ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ بطولِهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٩ - قال الحُمَيدِيُّ: حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، قال: سَمِعتُ جَدِّى عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ أبى مَحذورَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه أبى مَحذورَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - ألقَى هذا الأذانَ عليه. فذكَر التَّكبيرَ في صَدرِه أربَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم ذكَر الأذانَ بالتَّرجيعِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٠ - قال الحُمَيدِىُّ: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: أدرَكتُ جَدِّى وأَبِى وأَهلِى يُقيمونَ فيَقولونَ. فذكَر الإِقامَةَ فُرادَى وقالَ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٦ من طريق بشر بن موسى به. وتقدم في (١٨٧٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢)، والترمذي (١٩١)، والنسائي (٦٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٨) من طريق إبراهيم به، وقال الترمذي: صحيح.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٩). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٦ من طريق بشر به. وتقدم في (١٩٨٣) من طريق إبراهيم.","vol":"3","page":172},{"text":"قال الحُمَيدِيُّ: القَولُ فيهِما مَعًا قَولُ أهلِ مَكَّةَ. قال الحُمَيدِيُّ: شَهِدَ أبو مَحذورَةَ على أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - ألقَى عليه في أوَّلِ الأذانِ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، وشَهِدَ سَعدٌ على بلالٍ بمَرَّةٍ واحِدَةٍ، فكانَ موافِقًا لأبِى مَحذورَةَ فيها، وكانَ أبو مَحذورَةَ زائدًا شاهِدًا على الآخَرِ، فصِرنا إلى: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ مَرَّتَينِ، لأنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يَشفَعَ الأذانَ ويُوتِرَ الإِقامَةَ إلا الإِقامَةَ. فصارَ أنَسٌ شاهِدًا على أن بلالًا أُمِرَ بتَثنيَةِ كَلِمَةِ الإِقامَةِ، فمِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ صِرنا إلى تَثنيَةِ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، ولأنَّ إجماعَ النّاسِ على أهلِ المَدينَةِ بتَثنيَتِهِما.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الكَلامُ الذي ذكَره الحُمَيدِىُّ فإِنَّما أخَذَه عن أُستاذِه محمدِ بنِ إدريسَ الشافعيِّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى، ذكَره في كِتابِ القَديمِ رِوايَةَ الزَّعفرانِيِّ عنه بمَعناه مُختَصَرًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-469>بابُ مَن قال بتثنيةِ الإقامةِ عندَ تَرجيعِ الأذانِ</span>\n\n١٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدثنا عَبَّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أن أبا مَحذورَةَ حدَّثه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَّمَه الأذانَ تِسعَ عَشرَةَ كَلِمَةً، والإِقامَةَ سَبعَ عَشرَةَ كَلِمَةً، الأذانُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ الله أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا","vol":"3","page":173},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، [أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ] (^١) حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ مَرَّتَينِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ مَرَّتَينِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، والإِقامَةُ مَثنَى مَثنَى (^٢).\nورواه عَفّانُ عن هَمَّامٍ، وفَسَّرَ الإِقامَةَ مَثنَى مَثنَى، وزادَ في آخِرِها: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ (^٣).\nورواه سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ عن هَمّامٍ كما:\n\n١٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عامِرٍ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ نَحوًا مِن عِشرينَ رجلًا أذَّنوا فأَعجَبَه صَوتُ أبى مَحذورَةَ قال: \"قُل: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: د، س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٥٢)، وأبو داود (٥٠٢)، والنسائي (٦٣٠) من طريق همام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨١)، والترمذي (١٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٧) من طريق عفان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":174},{"text":"لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، والإِقامَةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ\" (^١). هَكَذا رواه.\nوأَجمَعوا على أن الإِقامَةَ لَيسَت كالأذانِ في عَدَدِ الكَلِماتِ إذا كان بالتَّرجيعِ، فدَلَّ على أن المُرادَ به جِنسُ الكَلِماتِ، وأَنَّ تَفسيرَها وقَعَ مِن بَعضِ الرّواةِ. وقَد رَوَى هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّه الدَّستُوائيُّ هذا الحديثَ عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ دونَ ذِكرِ الإِقامَةِ فيهِ. وذَلِكَ المِقدارُ أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" كما تَقَدَّمَ ذِكرُنا له (^٢)، ولعلَّه تَرَكَ رِوايَةَ هَمَّامِ بنِ يَحيَى لِلشَّكِّ في سَندِ الإِقامَةِ المَذكورَةِ فيه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِىُّ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن أُمِّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: لما رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن حُنَينٍ خَرَجتُ عاشِرَ عَشرَةٍ مِن مَكَةَ أطلُبُهُم، فسَمِعتُهُم يُؤَذِّنونَ لِلصَّلاةِ، فقُمنا نُؤَذِّنُ نَستَهزِئُ بهِمُ فقامَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لَقَد سَمِعتُ في هَؤُلاءِ تأذينَ إنسانٍ حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ\". فأَرسَلَ إلَينا فأَذَّنّا رجلًا رجلًا، فكُنتُ آخِرَهُم فقالَ حينَ أذَّنتُ: \"تَعالَ\". فأَجلَسَنِى بَينَ يَدَيه، فمَسَحَ على ناصيَتِى، وبارَكَ عَلَىَّ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم قال: \"اذهَبْ فأَذِّنْ عِندَ البَيتِ الحَرامِ\". قُلتُ: كَيفَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فعَلَّمَنِى الأذانَ كما يُؤَذِّنونَ الآنَ بها: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٢٣٢)، وأبو داود (٥٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٧٧) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٩). وتقدم في (١٨٦٥).","vol":"3","page":175},{"text":"لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ في الأُولَى مِنَ الصُّبحِ - اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\". قال: وقَد عَلَّمَنِى الإِقامَةَ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ: \"اللَّهُ أكبرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلانِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبر، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\" (^١). قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي هذا عثمانُ كُلَّه عن أُمِّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، أنَّها سَمِعَت ذَلِكَ مِن أبى مَحذورَةَ، كَذا رواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ.\n\n١٩٩٤ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حُمَيدٍ (^٢) المِصّيصِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ السّائبِ، أخبرَنِي أبى وأُمُّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: لما خَرَجَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - إلى حُنَينٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وقالَ في التَّكبيرِ في صَدرِ الأذانِ أربَعًا. قال: وعَلَّمَنِى الإِقامَةَ مَرَّتَينِ: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٥) من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) في د: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥٢.","vol":"3","page":176},{"text":"الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\" (^١). فذكَر الإِقامَةَ مُفرَدَةً كما تَرَى، وصارَ قَولُه: مَرَّتَينِ. عائدًا (^٢) إلى كَلِمَةِ الإِقامَةِ.\nوعَلَى ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ أيضًا رِوايَةُ عبدِ الرزاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n١٩٩٥ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى عثمانُ بنُ السّائبِ مَولاهُم، عن أبيه الشيخِ (^٣) مَولَى أبى مَحذورَةَ، وعَن أُمِّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا ذَلِكَ مِن أبى مَحذورَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"وإِذا أقَمتَ فقُلْها مَرَّتَينِ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. أسَمِعتَ (^٤)؟ \". وزادَ: فكانَ أبو مَحذورَةَ لا يَجُزُّ ناصيَتَه ولا يَفرُقُها؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسَحَ عَلَيها.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ: التَّرجيعُ في الأذانِ مَعَ تَثنيَةِ الإِقامَةِ مِن جِنسِ الاختِلافِ المُباحِ، فمُباحٌ أن يُؤَذِّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ فيُرَجِّعَ في الأذانِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٤. وأخرجه النسائي (٦٣٣) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) ليس في: د، س.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وفي مصادر التخريج \"السائب\". وقد تقدم هذا الإسناد كما هنا في (١٨٦٨)، وتقدم التعليق عليه.\n(^٤) ابن خزيمة (٣٨٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٧٩)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٣٧٦). وتقدم في (١٨٦٨) من رواية محمد بن رافع عن عبد الرزاق.","vol":"3","page":177},{"text":"ويُثَنِّىَ الإِقامَةَ، ومُباحٌ أن يُثَنِّىَ الأذانَ ويُفرِدَ الإِقامَةَ؛ إذ قَد صَحَّ كِلا الأمرَينِ مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَمّا تَثنيَةُ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ فلَم يَثبُتْ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - الأمرُ بهِما (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي صِحَّةِ التَّثنيَةِ في كَلِماتِ الإِقامَةِ سِوَى التَّكبيرِ وكَلِمَتَىِ الإِقامَةِ نَظَرٌ، ففِى اختِلافِ الرِّواياتِ ما يُوهِمُ أن يَكونَ الأمرُ بالتَّثنيَةِ عادَ إلى كَلِمَتَىِ الإِقامَةِ، وفِي دَوامِ أبى مَحذورَةَ وأَولادِه على تَرجيعِ الأذانِ وإِفرادِ الإِقامَةِ ما يُوجِبُ ضَعفَ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى تَثنيَتَها، أو يَقتَضِى أن الأمَرَ صارَ إلى ما بَقِىَ عليه هو وأَولادُه، وسَعدُ القَرَظِ وأَولادُه في حَرَمِ اللَّهِ تعالَى وحَرَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى أن وقَعَ التَّغييرُ في أيَّامِ المِصريّينَ (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا الشافعيُّ قال: أدرَكتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ يُؤَذِّنُ كما حَكَى ابنُ مُحَيريزٍ، يَعنِى بالتَّرجيعِ. قال: وسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ عن أبي مَحذورَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَعنَى ما حَكَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\nقال الشافعيُّ: وسَمِعتُه يُقيمُ فيَقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. قال\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة ١/ ١٩٤ عقب حديث (٣٧٦).\n(^٢) ينظر ما ذكره ابن كثير في البداية والنهاية ١٥/ ٣٢٨، ٣٢٩ ضمن حوادث سنة ستين وثلاثمائة.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٦٧).","vol":"3","page":178},{"text":"الشافعيُّ: وحَسِبتُنِى سَمِعتُه يَحكِى الإِقامَةَ خَبَرًا كما يَحكِى الأذانَ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ الحسنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيِّ عن الشافعىِّ في مَسأَلَةِ كَيفيَّةِ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ قال الشافعيُّ: الرِّوايَةُ فيه تَكَلُّفٌ، الأذانُ خَمسُ مَرّاتٍ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ في المَسجِدَينِ على رُءوسِ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ، ومُؤَذِّنو مَكَّةَ آلُ أبى مَحذورَةَ، وقَد أذَّنَ أبو مَحذورَةَ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وعَلَّمَه الأذانَ، ثم ولَدُه بمَكَّةَ، وأَذَّنَ آلُ سَعدِ القَرَظِ مُنذُ زَمَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالمَدينَةِ وزَمَنِ أبى بكرٍ، كُلُّهُم يَحكونَ الأذانَ والإِقامَةَ والتَّثويبَ وقتَ الفَجرِ كما قُلنا، فإِن جازَ أن يَكونَ هذا غَلَطًا مِن جَماعَتِهِم والنّاسُ بحَضرَتِهِم، ويأتينا مِن طَرَفِ الأرضِ مَن يُعَلِّمُنا، جازَ له أن يَسأَلَنا عن عَرَفَةَ وعَن مِنًى ثم يُخالِفُنا، ولَو خالَفَنا في المَواقيتِ كان أجوَزَ له في خِلافِنا مِن هذا الأمرِ الظّاهِرِ المَعمولِ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سأَلتُ مالِكَ بنَ أنَسٍ عن السُنَّةِ في الأذانِ، فقالَ: ما تَقولونَ أنتُم في الأذانِ؟ وعَمَّن أخَذتُمُ الأذانَ؟ قال الوَليدُ: فقُلتُ: أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ وابنُ جابِرٍ وغَيرُهُما أن بلالًا لم يُؤَذِّنْ لأحَدٍ بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأَرادَ الجِهادَ فأَرادَ أبو بكرٍ مَنعَه وحَبَسَه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٧). الشافعي ١/ ٨٥. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٤ من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب حديث (٥٨١).","vol":"3","page":179},{"text":"فقالَ: إن كُنتَ أعتَقتَنِى للَّهِ فلا تَحبِسنِى عن الجِهادِ، وإِن كُنتَ أعتَقتَنِى لِنَفسِكَ أقَمتُ. فخَلَّى سَبيلَه، فكانَ بالشّامِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيهِم عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ الجابيَةَ (^١)، فسأَلَ المُسلِمونَ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ أن يَسأَلَ لَهُم بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ لَهُم، فسأَلَه فأَذَّنَ لَهُم يَومًا، أو قالوا: صَلاةً واحِدَةً، قالوا: فلَم يُرَ يَومًا كان أكثَرَ باكيًا مِنهُم يَومَئذٍ حينَ سَمِعوا صَوتَه، ذِكرًا مِنهُم لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالوا: فنَحنُ نَرَى أو نَقولُ: إنَّ أذانَ أهلِ الشّامِ عن أذانِه يَومَئذٍ. فقالَ مالكٌ: ما أدرِى ما أذانُ يَومٍ أو صَلاةُ يَومٍ، أذَّنَ سَعدُ القَرَظِ في هذا المَسجِدِ في زَمانِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ وأَصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُتَوافِرونَ فيه، فلَم يُنكِرْه مِنهُم أحَدٌ، فكانَ سَعدٌ وبَنوه يُؤَذِّنونَ بأَذانِه إلى اليَومِ، ولَو كان والٍ يَسمَعُ مِنِّى لَرأَيتُ أن يَجمَعَ هَذِه الأُمَّةَ على أذانِهِم. فقيل لمالِكٍ: فكَيفَ كان أذانُهُم؟ قال: يقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، ثم يَرجِعُ فيَقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. قال: والإِقامَةُ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الجابية: قرية تقع شمال بلدة الصنمين، ولها تل يعرف بتل الجابية قريبة من الجولان. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٠/ ٤٧٠ من طريق المصنف.","vol":"3","page":180},{"text":"قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ: فأَرَى فُقَهاءَ أصحابِ الحديثِ قَد أجمَعوا على إفرادِ الإِقامَةِ واختَلَفوا في الأذانِ، فاختارَ بَعضُهُم أذانَ أبى مَحذورَةَ، مِنهُم مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ والشّافِعِىُّ وأَصحابُهُما، واختارَ جَماعَةٌ مِنهُم أذانَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: مِنهُمُ الأوزاعِىُّ كان يَختارُ تَثنيَةَ الأذانِ وإِفرادَ الإِقامَةِ، وإِلَى إفرادِ الإِقامَةِ ذَهَبَ سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، والحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سيرينَ، والزُّهرِىُّ، ومَكحولٌ، وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، في مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم مِنَ التّابِعينَ - ﵃ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-470>بابُ ما رُوِى في تثنيَةِ الأذانِ والإقامةِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: حدثنا أصحابُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ جاءَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، رأَيتُ في المَنامِ رجلًا قامَ على جِذْمِ حائطٍ (^٢)، فأَذَّنَ مَثنَى، وأَقامَ مَثنَى، وقَعَدَ قَعدَةً وعَلَيه بُردانِ أخضَرانِ (^٣). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ٣/ ١٧، والبغوى في شرح السنة عقب (٤٠٥).\n(^٢) الجذم: الأصل، وجذم الحائط أصله. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٣١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٣١، وابن شاهين في ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (١٩٣) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"3","page":181},{"text":"وقيل: عنه عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن مُعاذٍ:\n\n١٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: أُحيلَتِ الصَّلاةُ ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ في رُؤيا عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وذكَر الأذانَ مَرَّتَينِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم قال في آخِرِ أذانِه: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، ثم أمهَلَ شَيئًا، ثم قامَ فقالَ مِثلَ الذي قال غَيرَ أنَّه زادَ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيَّاشٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن مُعاذٍ (^٢).\nوقيل: عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ:\n\n٢٠٠٠ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا حُصينُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بحَديثِه في رُؤياه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨١) من طريق أبى بكر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٠) من طريق حصين به.","vol":"3","page":182},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه شَريكٌ وعَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ عن حُصينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠١ - [ورواه حُصَينُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن حُصينٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال] (^٢): استَشارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ في الأذانِ. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: فأَذَّنَ مَثنَى مَثنَى، ثم قَعَدَ قَعدَةً، ثم أقامَ مَثنَى مَثنَى.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا حُصَينُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، [حدثنا حُصَينٌ] (^٣). فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ؛ ابنُ فُضَيلٍ وغَيرُه، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى (^٥). والحَديثُ مَعَ الاختِلافِ في إسنادِه مُرسَلٌ؛ لأنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى لم يُدرِكْ مُعاذًا ولا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدٍ، ولَم يُسَمِّ مَن حدَّثه عَنهُما أو عن أحَدِهِما.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ: عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى لم يَسمَعْ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (٣٨٢) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) ليس في: م، وفي د: \"حصين بن عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٠) من طريق حصين بن نمير عن ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٤) من طريق ابن فضيل به.","vol":"3","page":183},{"text":"مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ ولا مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه صاحِبِ الأذانِ، فغَيرُ جائزٍ أن يُحتَجَّ بخَبَرٍ غَيرِ ثابِتٍ على أخبارٍ ثابِتَةٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى في هذا البابِ أخبارٌ مِن أوجُهٍ ما أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ قَد بَيَّنتُ ضَعفَها في \"الخلافيات\". وأَمثَلُ إسنادٍ رُوِى في تَثنيَةِ الإِقامَةِ حَديثُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، وهو إن صَحَّ فكُلُّ أذانٍ رُوِى ثُنائيَّةً فهوَ بعدَ رُؤيا عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، فيَكونُ أولَى مِمَّا رُوِى في رُؤياه، مَعَ الاختِلافِ في كَيفيَّةِ رُؤياه في الإِقامَةِ، فالمَدَنيّونَ يروُونَها مُفرَدَةً، والكوفيُّونَ يَروُونَها مَثنَى مَثنَى، وإِسنادُ المَدَنيّينَ مَوصولٌ، وإِسنادُ الكوفيِّينَ مُرسَلٌ، ومَعَ مَوصولِ المَدَنيّينَ مُرسَلُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^٢)، وهو أصَحُّ التّابِعينَ إرسالًا، ثم ما رُوِّينا مِنَ الأمرِ بالإِفرادِ بَعدَه، وفِعلِ أهلِ الحَرَمَينِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-471>بابُ التَّثويبِ في أذانِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أبو قُدامَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، عَلِّمنِى سُنَّةَ الأذانِ. وذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: \"حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، فإِن كان صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ قُل: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة ١/ ٢٠٠ عقب (٣٨٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٩٨٥).","vol":"3","page":184},{"text":"النَّومِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ وعَبدُ الرزاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ السّائبِ، أخبرَنِى أبى و(^٢) أُمُّ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه وفيه: \"الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، في الأُولَى مِنَ الصُّبحِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٤ - ورُوّينا عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي سَلمانَ (^٤)، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: كُنتُ أُؤَذِّنُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فكُنتُ أقولُ في الأذانِ الأوَّلِ مِنَ الفَجرِ بعدَ: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ. فذكَره (^٥). وأبو سَلمانَ اسمُه هَمّامٌ المُؤَذِّنُ.\n\n٢٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٣). وأخرجه الطبراني (٦٧٥١) عن أبي المثنى به. وتقدم في (١٨٦٩).\n(^٢) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٥)، وأبو داود (٥٠١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"سليمان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٦٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٧٨)، والنسائي (٦٤٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"3","page":185},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ المُؤَذِّنِ، أن سَعدًا كان يُؤَذِّنُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال حَفصٌ: فحَدَّثَنِى أهلِى أن بلالًا أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ليُؤذِنَه بصَلاةِ الفَجرِ فقالوا: إنَّه نائم. فنادَى بلالٌ بأَعلَى صَوتِه: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. فأُقِرَّت في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ. فذكَر قِصَّةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ ورُؤْياه إلى أن قال: ثم زادَ بلالٌ في التّأذينِ: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، وذَلِكَ أن بلالًا أتَى بعدَ ما أذَنَ التّأذينَةَ الأولَى مِن صَلاةِ الفَجرِ فيُؤْذِنُ (^٢) النبيَّ - ﷺ - بالصَّلاةِ، فقيلَ له: إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - نائمٌ. فأَذَّنَ بلال بأعلَى صَوتِه: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. فأُقِرَّت في التّأذينِ لِصَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إذا قال المُؤَذِّنُ في أذانِ الفَجرِ: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. قال: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٦). وأخرجه الدارمي (١١٩٢)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٢) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ليؤذن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الفسوى في تاريخه ١/ ٢٦٠ عن أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (١٩٨٥).","vol":"3","page":186},{"text":"الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وهو إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n٢٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا (^٢) عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ ثم الظَّفَرِىُّ أبو الوَليدِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي العِشرينَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أن محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيَّ حدَّثه عن نُعَيمِ بنِ النَّحّامِ قالَ: كُنتُ مَعَ امرأَتِي في مِرطِها في غَداةٍ بارِدَةٍ، فنادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا سَمِعتُ قُلتُ: لَو قالَ: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ. قالَ: فلَمّا قالَ: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. قال: ومَن قَعَدَ فلا حَرَجَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: كان في الأذانِ الأوَّلِ بعدَ الفَلاحِ: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٣. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٦) عن محمد بن عثمان به. والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"أبو\". وأشار في الحاشية أنها ساقطة في نسخة. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٥.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٨٥).\n(^٤) أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٢٤٤)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٣٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٢) عن الثوري به.","vol":"3","page":187},{"text":"ورواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ بإِسنادِه عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، [الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ] (^١)، في الأذانِ الأوَّلِ مَرَّتَينِ. يَعنِى في الصُّبحِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسَّانِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن العُمَرِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن عُمَرَ. ووَكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن عمرَ أنَّه قال لِمُؤَذِّنِه: إذا بَلَغتَ: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ في الفَجرِ فقُل: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-472>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّثويبِ في غَيرِ أذانِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٢٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: أُمِرَ بلالٌ أن يُثَوِّبَ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ ولا يُثَوِّبَ في غَيرِها (^٤).\n\n٢٠١٢ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) جاءت في م مرتين.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٤/ ٦ (١١٣٠).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٣) من طريق الحكم به.","vol":"3","page":188},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن بلالٍ قال: أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ألا أُثَوِّبَ إلا في الفَجرِ (^١). [حدثني أحمدُ بنُ منصورٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبيْريُّ، حدثنا أبو إسرائيلَ، عن الحَكَم بنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي ليلَى، عن بلالٍ قال: أمرنى النبي - ﷺ - أن أُثَوِّبَ في الفجرِ] (^٢). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ، [فإِنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ] (^٢) بنَ أبى لَيلَى لم يَلقَ بلالًا.\n\n٢٠١٣ - ورواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ وزُبَيدٍ عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، أن بلالًا كان لا يُثَوِّبُ إلا في الفَجرِ، فكانَ يقولُ في أذانِه: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ، الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسين ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعمَّرُ بنُ سليمانَ الرَّقِّيُّ، عن الحَجّاجِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ، فثَوَّبَ رجلٌ في الظُّهرِ أوِ العَصرِ فقالَ: اخرُجْ بنا فإِنَّ هَذِه بدعَةٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-473>بابُ ما رُوِى في: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩١٣) عن على بن عاصم به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٨٢) من طريق حجاج به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥٣٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٠٤).","vol":"3","page":189},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يُكَبِّرُ في النِّداءِ ثَلاثًا ويَشَهَدُ ثَلاثًا، وكانَ أحيانًا إذا قال: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. قال على إثرِها: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ (^١).\nورواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ ربما زادَ في أذانِه: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ (^٢).\nورواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن نافِعٍ كما:\n\n٢٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ لا يُؤَذِّنُ في سَفَرِه، وكانَ [يُقيمُ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ] (^٣)، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. وأَحيانًا يقولُ: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ (^٤).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ في أذانِهِ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه نُسَيرُ بنُ ذُعْلُوقٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ وقالَ: في السَّفَرِ.\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن أبي أُمامَةَ.\n\n٢٠١٧ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك برواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٥٣) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) في م: \"يقول\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٩٧) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"3","page":190},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَلِىَّ بنَ الحسينِ كان يقولُ في أذانِه إذا قال: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. قال: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ. ويَقولُ: هو الأذانُ الأوَّلُ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رُستَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَعدٍ المُؤَذِّنُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارٍ وعَمّارٍ وعُمَرَ ابنَى حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن آبائهِم، عن أجدادِهِم، عن بلالٍ أنَّه كان يُنادِى بالصُّبحِ فيَقولُ: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ. فأَمَرَه النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَجعَلَ مَكانَها: الصَّلاةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ النَّومِ. وتَرَكَ: حَىَّ على خَيرِ العَمَلِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ لم تَثبُتْ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيما عَلَّمَ بلالًا وأَبا مَحذورَةَ، ونَحنُ نَكرَهُ الزّيادَةَ فيه (^٣)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-474>بابُ الأذانِ في المَنارَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٥١) من طريق حاتم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٧١) من طريق يعقوب بن حميد به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ١/ ٤١٩: وقد صارت سمة وشعارًا للإمامية.","vol":"3","page":191},{"text":"إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن امرأةٍ مِن بنى النَّجَّارِ قالَت: كان بَيتِى مِن أطوَلِ بَيتٍ حَولَ المَسجِدِ، فكانَ بلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ عليه الفَجرَ فيأتِي بسَحَرٍ فيَجلِسُ على البَيتِ (^١) يَنظُرُ إلى الفَجرِ، فإِذا رآه تَمَطَّى ثم قال: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أحمدُكَ وأَستَعينُكَ على قُرَيشٍ أن يُقيموا دينَكَ. قالَت: ثم يُؤَذِّنُ. قالَت: واللهِ ما عَلِمتُه كان تَرَكَها لَيلَةً واحِدَةً هَذِه الكَلِماتِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٠ - ورَوَى خالِدُ بنُ عمرٍو قال: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبي بَرْزَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الأذانُ في المَنارَةِ والإِقامَةُ في المَسجِدِ.\nأخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأطرابُلُسِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وهَذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ لم يَروِه غَيرُ خالِدِ بنِ عمرٍو، وهو ضَعيفٌ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ثم\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥١٩). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٨٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٢٦٤) من طريق أحمد بن محمد به.\n(^٤) هو خالد بن عمرو بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه، أبو سعيد القرشي الأموى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٦٤، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٣٤٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٨٣، وتاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٤٩٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ١٣٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ١٠٩. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢١٦: رماه ابن معين بالكذب، ونسبه صالح جزرة وغيره إلى الوضع.","vol":"3","page":192},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-475>بابٌ: لا يُؤَذِّنُ إلا عَدلٌ ثِقَةٌ لِلإِشرافِ على عَوراتِ النّاسِ، وأَماناتِهِم على المَواقيتِ</span>\n\n٢٠٢١ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أيّوبَ بنِ سَلْمُويه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، عن نافِعِ بنِ (^١) سليمانَ المَكِّىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ، والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، فأرشَدَ اللَّهُ الإمامَ وعَفا عن المُؤَذِّنِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى خَلَفٍ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدانَ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ عيسَى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ إسحاق بنِ أبي الصَّبغِىُّ حدثنا أبو بكرٍ موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الخَطْمِىُّ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحِمّانِىُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عيسَى الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم خيارُكُم، وليَؤُمَّكُم أقرَؤُكُم\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٦٣)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٧٨، والترمذي في العلل (٩٢) من طريق المقرئ به. وابن خزيمة (١٥٣٢) من طريق حيوة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٧٢٦) من طريق حسين بن عيسى الحنفى به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٠: حسين هو أخو سليم القارئ له مناكير.","vol":"3","page":193},{"text":"٢٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سليمانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى مَحذورَةَ، وهو إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي مَحذورَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمَناءُ المُسلِمينَ على صَلاتِهِم وسُحورِهِمُ المُؤَذِّنونَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُؤَذِّنونَ أُمَناءُ المُسلِمينَ على صَلاتِهِم\" (^٢). قال: وذكَر مَعَها غَيرَها، وهَذا المُرسَلُ شاهِدٌ لما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n٢٠٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِبَنى خَطْمَةَ مِنَ الأنصارِ: \"يا بنى خَطْمَةَ، اجعَلوا مُؤَذِّنَكُم أفضَلَكُم في أنفُسِكُم\". وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢٠٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّماكِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٧٤٣) عن محمد بن عبد الله به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٠: يحيى مجروح.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٨)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٧. وأخرجه مسدد - كما في الإتحاف (١٢٨١) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"3","page":194},{"text":"حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ المُؤَدِّبُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: قَدِمنا على عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال (^١): مَن مؤذنُكم؟ فقُلنا: عَبيدُنا ومَوالينا. فقالَ بيَدِه هَكَذا يُقَلِّبُها: عَبيدُنا ومَوالينا! إنَّ ذَلِكُم بكُم لَنَقصٌ شَديدٌ، لَو أطَقتُ الأذانَ مَعَ الخِلِّيفَى (^٢) لأذَّنتُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-476>بابُ أذانِ الأعمَى إذا أذَّنَ بَصيرٌ قَبلَه أو أخبَره بالوَقتِ</span>\n\n٢٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا مالِكٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُنادِى بلَيلٍ، فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُنادِىَ ابنُ أُمِّ مكتومٍ\". قال ابنُ شهابٍ: وكانَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ رجلًا أعمَى لا يُنادِى حتَّى يُقالَ له: أصبَحتَ أصبَحتَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فسأل\".\n(^٢) الخليفى بالكسر والتشديد والقصر: الخلافة. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣١٩. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢١: يعني أنه لا يتفرغ من أعباء الخلافة.\n(^٣) سيأتي مختصرًا في (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٠٦) من طريق القعنبى.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦١٧).","vol":"3","page":195},{"text":"٢٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وسَعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ كان مُؤَذِّنًا لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو أعمَى (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ المُرادِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي عَروبَةَ، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يَكرَهُ أن يَكونَ المُؤَذِّنُ أعمَى (^٣).\nوهَذا والذِى رُوِى عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤) في ذَلِكَ مَحمولٌ على أعمَى مُنفَرِدٍ لا يَكونُ معه بَصيرٌ يُعلِمُه الوَقتَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-477>بابُ الرَّغبَةِ في أن يَكونَ المُؤَذِّنُ صَيِّتًا</span>\n\n٢٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٣٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٤) ينظر ما أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦٤).","vol":"3","page":196},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه قال: حدَّثَنى أبى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذكَر قِصَّةَ رُؤياه لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّها لَرُؤيا حَقٍّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى، فقُم مَعَ بلالٍ فأَلقِ عليه ما رأيتَ فليُؤَذِّنْ به، فإِنَّه أندَى صَوتًا مِنكَ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ أبى مَحذورَةَ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ، حَيثُ قال في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ: \"أيُّكُمُ الذي سَمِعتُ صَوتَه ارتَفَعَ؟ \" (^٢). وفِي الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى: \"لَقَد سَمِعتُ في هَؤُلاءِ تأذينَ إنسانٍ حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ\" (^٣). وهِىَ رِوايَةُ عثمانَ بنِ السّائبِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-478>بابُ تَرسيلِ الأذانِ وحَذْفِ (^٤) الإقامَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ [عبدِ اللَّهِ الوَرَّاقُ] (^٥)، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي صَعصعَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أخبرَه أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ قال: \"إنِّي أراكَ تُحِبُّ الغَنَمَ والباديَةَ، فإِذا كُنتَ في غَنَمِكَ وباديَتِكَ فأَذَّنتَ بالصَّلاةِ فارفَعْ صَوتَكَ بالنِّداءِ، فإِنَّه لا يَسمَعُ مَدَى صَوتِ المُؤَذِّنِ جِنٌّ ولا إنسٌ ولا شَيءٌ إلا شَهِدَ له يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٦)، والمعرفة (٥٩٢)، والدلائل ٧/ ١٧، وأبو داود (٤٩٩). وتقدم في (١٨٥٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٦٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٩٩٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"حذم\". والحذف: التخفيف وترك الإطالة. والحذم: الإسراع، وأصل الحذم في المشى الإسراع فيه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٥٦، ٣٥٧.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عبد الرزاق\".","vol":"3","page":197},{"text":"القيامَةِ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\nقال الشافعيُّ: والتَّرغيبُ في رَفعِ الصَّوتِ يَدُلُّ على تَرتيلِ الأذانِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمد المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ\nبنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ العُمَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَهدِيٍّ،\nأخبرَنا عبدُ المُنعِمِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحسنِ وعَطاءٍ، عن\nجابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِبِلالٍ: \"يا بلالُ، إذا أذَّنتَ فتَرَسَّلْ، وإِذا أقَمتَ فاحذِمْ، واجعَلْ بَينَ أذانِكَ وإِقامَتِكَ قَدرَ ما يَفرُغُ الآكِلُ مِن أكلِه، والشّارِبُ مِن شُربِه، والمُعتَصِرُ (^٤) إذا دَخَلَ لِقَضاءِ حاجَتِه، ولا تَقوموا حَتَّى تَرَونِى\" (^٥). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ المُنعِمِ بنِ نُعَيمٍ أبى سَعيدٍ (^٦).\nقال البخاريُّ (^٧): هو مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٨). ويَحيَى بنُ مُسلِمٍ البَكّاءُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٨١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٢٩٦).\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٨٨.\n(^٤) المعتصر: الذي يريد أن يأتى الغائط لقضاء الحاجة، كَنَى عنه بالمعتصر، إما من العَصْر أو العَصَر: وهو الملجأ والمُسْتخْفى. ينظر التاج ١٣/ ٧٠ (ع ص ر).\n(^٥) ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٤٩. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٠٦)، وعنه الترمذي (١٩٦)، من طريق عبد المنعم به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد بن حميد عقب (١٠٠٦)، والترمذي عقب (١٩٦)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٩٥٢)، والسهمى في تاريخ جرجان ١/ ١١٣ من طرق عن عبد المنعم به، قال الترمذي: إسناده مجهول.\n(^٧) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٣٧.\n(^٨) هو عبد المنعم بن نعيم الأسوارى، أبو سعيد البصري صاحب السقاء. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٣٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٦٧، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٥٧، وتهذيب الكمال =","vol":"3","page":198},{"text":"الكوفِىُّ (^١) ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٢).\nوقَد روِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن الحسنِ وعَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ، ولَيسَ بالمَعروفِ:\n\n٢٠٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا حَمدانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ بنِ خالِدٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا صَبِيحُ بنُ عمرَ السّيرافِىُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن الحسنِ وعَطاءٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِبِلالٍ. فذكَر مِثلَه إلى قَولِه: \"لِقَضاءِ حاجَتِهِ\". الإسنادُ الأوَّلُ أشهَرُ مِن هَذا.\n\n٢٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مَرحومُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ العَطّارُ، عن أبيه، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ مُؤَذِّنِ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ قال: قال لِي عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: إذا أذَّنتَ فتَرَسَّلْ، وإِذا أقَمتَ فاحدِرْ (^٣).\n_________\n= ١٨/ ٤٣٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٤٣١. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢٥: متروك.\n(^١) هو يحيى بن مسلم أبو سليم البصري المعروف بالبكاء، مولى القاسم بن الفضل. ينظر الكلام عليه في: طبقات ابن سعد ٧/ ٢٤٥، والتاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٦٤، ٢٨١، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ١٠٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٥٣٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٢٧٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٥٨: ضعيف.\n(^٢) الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٨٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٢٢٦، ٢٢٨) من طريق مرحوم به.","vol":"3","page":199},{"text":"٢٠٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه الأنصارِىُّ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مَرحومٍ العَطّارِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ مُؤَذِّنِ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ أن عمرَ قال له ذَلِكَ، إلا أنَّه قال: وإِذا أقَمتَ فاحذِمْ (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ (^٢): قال الأصمَعِىُّ: الحَذمُ الحَدرُ في الإِقامَةِ وقَطْعُ التَّطويلِ.\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يُرَتِّلُ (^٣) الأذانَ ويَحدِرُ الإِقامَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-479>بابُ الاستِهامِ على الأذانِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدَّثنى مالكٌ، عن سُمَيٍّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو يَعلَمُ النّاسُ ما في النِّداءِ والصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ ثم لم يَجِدوا إلا أن يَستَهِموا عليه لاستَهَموا عليه، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما في التَّهجيرِ لاستَبَقوا إلَيه، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما في العَتَمَةِ والصُّبحِ لأتَوهُما ولَو حَبوًا\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٤٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٣٨ من طريق مرحوم به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يرسل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٤٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠٢)، ومالك ١/ ٦٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٢٦)، والترمذي (٢٢٥)، والنسائي (٥٤٠، ٦٧١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩١، ١٥٥٤). وسيأتي من طريق مالك في (٢١٤٣٧).\nوقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٢: هذا الحديث دال على كراهية أذان جماعة معًا، إذ لو ساغ ذلك لأذنوا جميعهم ولما احتاجوا إلى الاستهام.","vol":"3","page":200},{"text":"عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كلاهما عن مالِكٍ (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ: ويُذكَرُ أن قَومًا اختَلَفوا في الأذانِ فأَقرَعَ بَينَهُم سَعدٌ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، خدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ قال: تَشاحَّ (^٣) النّاسُ في الأذانِ بالقادِسيَّةِ، فاختَصَموا إلى سَعدٍ، فأَقرَعَ بَينَهُم (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-480>بابُ عَدَدِ المُؤَذِّنينِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُؤَذِّنانِ؛ بلالٌ وابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ الأعمَى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يُؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ فكُلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". ولَم يكنْ بَينَهُما إلا أن يَنزِلَ هذا ويَرقَى هَذا (^٥).\n\n٢٠٣٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٨٩)، ومسلم (٤٣٧/ ١٢٩).\n(^٢) البخاري باب الاستهام في الأذان، قبل حديث (٦١٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"تشاجر\".\n(^٤) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٥٦، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٣: سنده منقطع.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٠٩٢/ ٣٨) من طريق ابن نمير به. وتقدم في (١٨١٢).","vol":"3","page":201},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢). ورواه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةُ مُؤَذِّنينَ؛ بلالٌ وأبو مَحذورَةَ وابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ (^٤). قال أبو بكرٍ: والخَبَرانِ صَحيحانِ بمعنَى (^٥) هذا وما تَقَدَّمَ، فمَن قال: كان له مُؤَذِّنانِ. أرادَ اللَّذَينِ كانا يُؤَذِّنانِ بالمَدينَةِ، ومَن قال: ثَلاثَةً. أرادَ أبا مَحذورَةَ الذي كان يُؤَذِّنُ بمَكَّةَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي اقتِصارِه بمَكَّةَ على مُؤَذِّنٍ واحِدٍ دِلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الاقتِصارِ على مُؤَذِّنٍ واحِدٍ.\n\n٢٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ ويَزيدُ بنُ مَوهَبٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أخبرَه أن التّأذينَ الثّالِثَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إنَّما أمَرَ به عثمانُ حينَ كَثُرَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ، وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨١٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٨٠/ ٧، ١٠٩٢/ ٣٨) من حديث ابن عمر، وفي (٣٨٠، ١٠٩٢) من حديث عائشة.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٢، ٦٢٣، ١٩١٨). وتقدم في (١٨١٢).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة - كما في إتحاف الخيرة (١٣٤٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٠٨) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"يعني\".","vol":"3","page":202},{"text":"التّأذينُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ حينَ يَجلِسُ الإمامُ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢). ويُقالُ: إنَّه مَعَ الإِقامَةِ صارَ الثّالِثَ. والخَبَرُ ورَدَ في التّأذينِ لا في المُؤَذِّنِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-481>بابُ التَّطَوُّعِ بالأذانِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنِي الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبي العَلاءِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي العاصِ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اجعَلنِى إمامَ قَومِى. قال: \"أنتَ إمامُهُم، فاقتَدِ بأَضعَفِهِم، واتَّخِذ مُؤَذِّنًا لا يأخُذُ على أذانِه أجرًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-482>بابُ رِزقِ المُؤَذِّنِ</span>\nقالَ الشافعيُّ (^٤): قَد رزَقَ المُؤَذِّنينَ إمامُ هُدًى؛ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ. واحتَجَّ في جَوازِ الاجتِعالِ (^٥) على تَعليمِ الخَيرِ بما رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الصَّداقِ عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"على المنبر\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١٦)، وأبو داود (٧٨٩)، وابن ماجه (١١٣٥)، والنسائي (٣٩٢، ١٩٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٧٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩١٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٧١)، والنسائي (٦٧٢) من طريق عفان به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٤٢٣) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٤٥٣، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥٧).\n(^٥) الاجتعال: أخذ الجعل، وهو الأجر. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٤٠ (ج ع ل).","vol":"3","page":203},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه زَوَّجَ امرأةً على سورَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ البِسطامِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ أبو مَعشَرٍ البَرّاءُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرُّوا بحَيٍّ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ وفيهِم لَديغٌ أو سَليمٌ (^٢)، فقالوا: هَل فيكُم مِن راقٍ؟ فإِنَّ في الماءِ لَديغًا أو سَليمًا. فانطَلَقَ رجلٌ مِنهُم فرَقاه على شاءٍ فبَرأ، فلمَّا أتَى أصحابَه كَرِهوا ذَلِكَ وقالوا: أخَذتَ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ أجرًا! فلمَّا قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أحَقَّ ما أخَذتُم عليه أجرًا كتابُ اللَّهِ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سِيدانَ بنِ مُضارِبٍ عن أبي مَعشَرٍ (^٤).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ أبى مَحذورَةَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَعاه حينَ قَضَى التّأذينَ فأَعطاه صُرَّةً فيها شَيءٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٤٤٧٤، ١٤٤٧٥).\n(^٢) السليم: اللديغ، قال الأصمعى: إنما سمى اللديغ سليما لأنهم تطيروا من اللديغ فقلبوا المعنى. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٧٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٤٦)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٦٥ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وسيأتي في (١٤٥١٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧٣٧).\n(^٥) تقدمت هذه الرواية في (١٨٦٦). وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٤: إنما أعطاه يتألفه.","vol":"3","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-483>بابُ فضلِ التّأذينِ على الإمامَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الأئمَّةُ ضُمَناءُ والمُؤَذِّنونَ أُمَناءُ، فأَرشَدَ اللَّهُ الأئمَّةَ وغَفَرَ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وهَذا الحديثُ لم يَسمَعْه سُهَيلٌ مِن أبيه إنَّما سَمِعَه مِنَ الأعمَشِ.\n\n٢٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، فأَرشَدَ اللَّهُ الأئمَّةَ وغَفَرَ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الغَفّارِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠٠)، الشافعي ١/ ٨٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٣١) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٦٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به. وابن المقرئ في معجمه (١٠٢٨)، وأبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٨٣ من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.","vol":"3","page":205},{"text":"الأعمَشُ. وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو حمزة السُّكَّرِيُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ الأعمَشَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، اللَّهُمَّ أرشِدِ الأئمَّةَ، واغفِرْ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^١). زادَ أبو حمزة في رِوايَتِه قالَ: فقالَ رجلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَقَد تَرَكتَنا ونَحنُ نَتَنافَسُ الأذانَ بَعدَكَ زَمانًا. قالَ: \"إنَّ بَعدَكُم زَمانًا سَفِلَتُهُم مُؤَذِّنُهم\". وهَذا الحديثُ لم يَسمَعْه الأعمَشُ باليَقينِ مِن أبى صالِحٍ، وإِنَّما سَمِعَه مِن رجلٍ عن أبي صالِحٍ.\n\n٢٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن رجلٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، اللهُمَّ أرشِدِ الأئمَّةَ واغفِرْ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ قالَ: نُبِّئتُ عن أبى صالِحٍ، ولا أرَى إلا قَد سَمِعتُه مِنه عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. مِثلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٦٣). والبخترى في مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٣٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٧٨) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وسيأتي في (٥٣٩٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥١٧)، وأحمد (٧١٦٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٨٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥١٨).","vol":"3","page":206},{"text":"وقَد رُوِى عن محمدِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبيه عن عائشَةَ. وبَلَغَنِى عن البُخارِىِّ أنَّه قال: حَديثُ أبى صالِحٍ عن عائشةَ أصَحُّ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، حدَّثَنى نافِعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أن محمدَ بنَ أبى صالِحٍ حدَّثه، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِع عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، فأَرشَدَ اللَّهُ الإمامَ وعَفا عن المُؤَذِّنِ\" (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن الأعمَشِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٢٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرّاءُ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: المُؤَذِّنُ يُغفَرُ له مَدَّ صَوتِه، ويُصَدِّقُه كُلُّ رَطْبٍ ويابِسٍ. قال: وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، اللَّهُمَّ أرشِدِ الأئمَّةَ واغفِرْ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^٣). هَكَذا\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذي ص ٦٥.\n(^٢) الفاكهى في فوائده (٣٤). وتقدم في (٢٠٢١) من رواية عبد اللَّه بن يزيد المقرئ.\n(^٣) أخرجه السراج في مسنده (٧٢) من طريق أحمد بن حفص به.","vol":"3","page":207},{"text":"رواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ.\n\n٢٠٥١ - وقَد رواه عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُغفَرُ لِلمُؤَذِّنِ مَدَّ (^١) صَوتِه، ويَشهَدُ له كُلُّ رَطْبٍ ويابِسٍ سمِع صَوتَه\". هذا القَدرُ مَرفوعًا دونَ الحديث الآخَرِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ (^٢). فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورواه عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الغَفّارِ كما:\n\n٢٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الغَفّارِ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُغفَرُ لِلمُؤَذِّنِ مَدَى صَوتِه، ويَشهَدُ له كُلُّ رَطْبٍ ويابِسٍ سَمِعَه\" (^٥).\nورواه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ كما:\n\n٢٠٥٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"مدى\".\n(^٢) في م: \"رزق\".\n(^٣) ذكره البوصيرى في الإتحاف عقب (١٢٩٤) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٠١) عن أبي الجواب به. والطبراني (١٣٤٦٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في المتفق والمفترق (١٢٢٣) من طريق أبى سهل به.","vol":"3","page":208},{"text":"الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المُؤَذِّنُ يُغفَرُ له مَدَى صَوتِه، ويَشهَدُ له كُلُّ رَطبٍ ويابِسٍ سَمِعَه\" (^١)\nوقَد رُوِّينا هذا الحديثَ عن موسَى بنِ أبي عثمانَ عن أبي يَحيَى عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nورُوّينا الحديثَ الأوَّلَ عن الحسنِ البَصرِىِّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا:\n\n٢٠٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحسنِ، ذكرَ النبيَّ (^٣) - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، فأَرشَدَ اللَّهُ الأئمَّةَ، وغَفَرَ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^٤). أو قال: \"غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لِلأئِمَّةِ، وأَرشَدَ المُؤَذِّنينَ\". شَكَّ ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ.\n\n٢٠٥٥ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المُؤَذِّنونَ أُمَناءُ المُسلِمينَ على صَلاتِهِم وحاجَتِهِم. أو: حاجاتِهِم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (١٢١) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٨٢).\n(^٣) في د: \"عن النبي\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٩)، وتقدم في (٢٠٢٤).","vol":"3","page":209},{"text":"وقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ عن يونُسَ عن الحسنِ عن جابِرٍ، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن أبي أُمامَةَ:\n\n٢٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ الخُزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا أبو غالِبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: المُؤَذِّنونَ أُمَناءُ المُسلِمينَ، والأئمَّةُ ضُمَناءُ. قال: والأذانُ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِنَ الإمامَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-484>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في الأذانِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو يَعلَى المُهَلَّبِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ. قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا نودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ أدبَرَ الشَّيطانُ له ضُراطٌ حَتَّى لا يَسمَعَ التّأذينَ، فإذا قُضِىَ التّأذينُ أقبَلَ، حَتَّى إذا ثوِّبَ بها أدبَرَ، حَتَّى إذا قُضِىَ التَّثويبُ أقبَلَ يَخطُرُ بَينَ المَرءِ ونَفسِه يقولُ له: اذكُرْ كَذا اذكُرْ كَذا. لِما لم يكنْ يَذكُرُ مِن قَبلُ، حَتَّى يَظَلَّ الرَّجُلُ [إنْ يَدرِى كيفَ] (^٢) صَلَّى\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ٢٧٥ عن حماد بنحوه.\n(^٢) في م: \"ما يدرى كم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٦٦٣) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.","vol":"3","page":210},{"text":"عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\nوالمُرادُ بالتَّثويبِ ها هُنا الإِقامَةُ، والَّذِى يَدُلُّ عليه ما:\n\n٢٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الشَّيطانَ إذا سمِع النِّداءَ بالصَّلاةِ أحالَ (^٢) - يَعنِى - له ضُراطٌ حَتَّى لا يَسمَعَ صَوتَه، فإِذا سَكَتَ رَجَعَ فوَسوَسَ، فإِذا سمِع الإِقامَةَ ذَهَبَ حَتَّى لا يَسمَعَ صَوتَه، فإِذا سَكَتَ رَجَعَ فوَسوَسَ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبيه: \"أدبَرَ ولَه حُصاصٌ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ هَرَبَ الشَّيطانُ حَتَّى يَكونَ بالرَّوحاءِ\". وهِىَ مِنَ المَدينَةِ ثَلاثونَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥٣)، والبخاري (٦٠٨، ١٢٢٢).\n(^٢) أحال: أي تحول من موضعه. النهاية ١/ ٤٦٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٨٩/ ١٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٤٨)، والدلائل ٧/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه مسلم (٣٨٩/ ١٧) من طريق سهيل بن أبى صالح به.\nوالحصاص: شدة العدو وسرعته. وقيل: هو أن يمصع بذنبه ويصر بأذنيه ويعدو، وقيل: هو الضراط. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٨١.","vol":"3","page":211},{"text":"ميلًا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنى عيسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبي سُفيانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ المُؤَذِّنينَ أطوَلُ الناسِ أعناقًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أبو الشيخِ الأصفَهانِىُّ قال: قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي داودَ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: مَعنَى قَولِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"المُؤَذِّنونَ أطوَلُ الناسِ (^٥) أعناقًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\". لَيسَ أنَّ أعناقَهُم تَطولُ، وذَلِكَ أن النّاسَ يَعطَشونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، فإِذا عَطِشَ الإِنسانُ انطَوَت عُنُقُه، والمُؤَذِّنونَ لا يَعطَشونَ، فأَعناقُهُم قائمَةٌ (^٦).\n\n٢٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩٣) من طريق أبى معاوية.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦١)، والمصنف في الشعب (٣٠٥١) من طريق يعلى به. وابن ماجه (٧٢٥) من طريق طلحة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٨٧/ ١٤) من طريق عبدة به. وفى (٣٨٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) ليس في: د، س.\n(^٦) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٥٣).","vol":"3","page":212},{"text":"عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا خَيرُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن (^١) ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أذَّنَ اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ سنةً وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ، وكُتِبَ له بتأذينِه في كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ سِتّونَ حَسَنَةً، وبِإِقامَتِه ثَلاثونَ حَسَنَةً\" (^٢). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: هذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ ولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ لَهيعَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عَمَّن حدَّثه عن نافِعٍ. قال البخاريُّ: وهَذا أشبَهُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٣ - وأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ لَهيعَةَ: فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أذَّنَ اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ سنةً وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ، وكُتِبَ له بكُلِّ أذانٍ سِتّونَ حَسَنَةً، وبِكُلِّ إقامَةٍ ثَلاثونَ حَسَنَةً\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حدثنا على\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٢٨)، والمصنف في الشعب (٣٠٥٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٩٤).\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٥٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"3","page":213},{"text":"٢٠٦٤ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهيارَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ رُستُمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أذَّنَ خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ وأَمَّهُم إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). لا أعرِفُه إلا مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ رُستُمٍ عن حَمَّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٥ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الهاشِمِىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عمرٍو البَجَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سوقَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَكونَ الإمامُ مُؤَذِّنًا (^٣). فهَذا حَديثٌ إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ. إسماعيلُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ نَجيحٍ أبو إسحاقَ الكوفِىُّ حَدَّثَ بأَحاديثَ لم يُتابَعْ عَلَيها (^٤)، وجَعفَرُ بنُ زيادٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٦/ ٧٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن رستم به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٢٧ عن إبراهيم: قال ابن عدى وغيره: منكر الحديث. وينظر الكامل ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣١٦.\n(^٤) هو إسماعيل بن عمرو بن نجيح، أبو إسحاق البجلى الكوفى، ثم الأصبهانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ١٠٠، والكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣١٦، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٣٩، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ١٣٩، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٤٢٥. وذكره ابن حجر في تهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٣٢٠ تنبيهًا على خطأ في ترجمته.\n(^٥) هو جعفر بن زياد الأحمر، أبو عبد الله الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٩٢، =","vol":"3","page":214},{"text":"٢٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: لَو كُنتُ أُطيقُ الأذانَ مَعَ الخِلِّيفَى لأذَّنتُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-485>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في التَّعجيلِ بالصَّلَواتِ في أوائلِ الأوقاتِ</span>\nقالَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٨]. قالَ الشافعيُّ: ودُلوكُها مَيلُها (^٢). وهو قَولُ ابنِ عمرَ (^٣)، ومَعنَى قَولِ ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٤). وقالَ تعالَى: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. قال الشافعيُّ: والمُحافَظَةُ على الشَّئِ تَعجيلُه (^٥). وقالَ تعالَى: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤].\n\n٢٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ\n_________\n= والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٨٠، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢١٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٩٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٣٠: صدوق يتشيع.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (١٩٣، ٢٩٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٥٧) من طريق قيس به، وتقدم بأطول من هذا في (٢٠٢٦).\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٦٨ ولفظه: دلوكها زوالها.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٩٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٠٠).\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٧).","vol":"3","page":215},{"text":"الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ العُمَرِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ غَنّامٍ، عن جَدَّتِه الدُّنيا، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ فروَةَ - وكانَت مِمَّن بايَعَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، وكانَت مِنَ المُهاجِراتِ الأُوَلِ - أنَّها سَمِعَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وسُئلَ عن أفضَلِ الأعمالِ فقالَ: \"الصَّلاةُ لأوَّلِ وقتِها\" (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ - عَودًا على بَدءٍ (^٣) - حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ (^٤)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ (^٥)، حدثنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ العَيزارِ، عن أبي عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: أىُّ العمَلِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"الصَّلاةُ في أوَّلِ وقتِها\". قُلتُ: ثم أىٌّ؟ قال: \"الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قُلتُ: ثم أيٌّ؟ قال: \"برُّ الوالِدَينِ\" (^٦). وهَكَذا رواه محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ بُندارٌ عن عثمانَ بنِ عمرَ [وعنه، رواه] (^٧) ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ في\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٩ وعنده: عبيد اللَّه بن عمر. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٠٤) عن الخزاعي به. والترمذي (١٧٠) من طريق العمرى به. وتقدم في (١١١٤) من طريق العمرى.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢٦).\n(^٣) يعني: غير مرة. ينظر الصغرى (٣٠٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"البزار\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ١٤٧.\n(^٥) في م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٨)، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وفي معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٩٧. وأخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ص ٤٢٨ من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\nوقال ابن حبان عقب (١٤٧٩): \"الصلاة في أول وقتها\". تفرد به عثمان بن عمر.\n(^٧) في م: \"عنه رواه محمد\".","vol":"3","page":216},{"text":"\"مختصر المختصر\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عليُّ بنُ حَفصٍ المَدائنِىُّ عن شُعبةَ عن الوَليدِ بنِ العَيزارِ (^٢). وروِى عن غُندَرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عُبَيدٍ المُكْتِبِ، عن أبي عمرٍو، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثنى السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: سأَلنا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن وقتِ صَلاةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: كان يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ بالهاجِرَةِ، ويُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ، ويُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ إذا وجَبَت، ويُصَلِّى العِشاءَ؛ إذا كَثُرَ النّاسُ عَجَّلَ وإِذا قَلُّوا أخَّرَ، ويُصلِّى الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) صحيح ابن خزيمة (٣٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٦، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٨، ١٨٩ من طريق على به. وسيأتي في (٣٢٠٨) من طريق شعبة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٢٠)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٦، والحاكم ١/ ١٨٩ من طريق غندر به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٧) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به، وأحمد (١٤٩٦٩)، والدارمى (١١٨٤)، والنسائي (٥٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٦٥)، ومسلم (٦٤٦/ ٢٣٣).","vol":"3","page":217},{"text":"أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ، أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ بَشيرَ بنَ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّى الظُّهرَ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ، وربما أخَّرَها حينَ يَشتَدُّ الحَرُّ، ورأَيتُه يُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ بَيضاءُ قبلَ أن تَدخُلَها الصُّفرَةُ، فيَنصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فيأتِى ذا الحُلَيفَةِ (^١) قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ، ويُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ حينَ تَسقُطُ الشَّمسُ، ويُصلِّى العِشاءَ حينَ يَسوَدُّ (^٢) الأُفُقُ، وربما أخَّرَها حَتَّى يَجتَمِعَ النّاسُ، وصَلَّى الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ، ثم صَلَّى مَرَّةً أُخرَى فأَسفَرَ بها، ثم كانَت صَلاتُه بعدَ ذَلِكَ بغَلَسٍ حَتَّى ماتَ، ثم لم يَعُدْ إلى أن يُسفِرَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا الليثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةً لِوَقتِها الآخِرِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللهُ ﷿ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مُعَلَّى بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\nورواه قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن اللَّيثِ كما:\n\n٢٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذو الحليفة: بلدة تبعد عن المدينة على طريق مكة نسعة أكيال جنوبًا، وتعرف اليوم عند العامة ببئار على. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٠٤، ١٠٥.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تسود\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٢٠) من طريق الحاكم عن محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٦١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ١٩٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق معلى به.","vol":"3","page":218},{"text":"هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عمرَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها الآخِرِ مَرَّتَينِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ ﷿ (^١). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ، إسحاقُ بنُ عمرَ لم يُدرِكْ عائشَةَ.\n\n٢٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أسباطَ وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ العُمَرِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوَقتُ الأوَّلُ رِضوانُ اللَّهِ، والوَقتُ الآخِرُ عَفوُ اللَّهِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣). قالَ أبو أحمدَ: هَكَذا كان يقولُ لَنا ابنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ في هذا الإِسنادِ. والصَّوابُ ما حَدَّثَناه ابنُ صاعِدٍ وابنُ أسباطَ، على أن هذا الحديثَ بهَذا الإسنادِ باطِلٌ إن قيلَ فيه: عبدُ اللَّهِ. أو: عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: هذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بيَعقوبَ بنِ الوَليدِ المَدَنِيِّ (^٤). ويَعقوبُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦١٤)، والترمذي (١٧٤) من طريق قتيبة به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث حسن غريب، وليس إسناده بمتصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق ابن صاعد به. والترمذي (١٧٢) من طريق أحمد بن منيع به.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٠٦. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في معجمه (١١٣٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٤) هو يعقوب بن الوليد بن عبد اللَّه بن أبي هلال الأزدى المدنى أبو يوسف، وقيل: أبو هلال. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي (٦١٥)، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢١٦، =","vol":"3","page":219},{"text":"مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^١)، وكَذَّبَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٢) وسائرُ الحُفاظِ ونَسَبوه إلى الوَضعِ، نَعوذُ باللهِ مِنَ الخِذلانِ. وقَد روِى بأَسانيدَ أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^٤) الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زكريّا مِن أهلِ عَبدَسِيٍّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى مَحذورَةَ مُؤَذِّنُ مَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن جَدِّى يَعنِى أبا مَحذورَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوَّلُ الوَقتِ رِضوانُ اللهِ، وأَوسَطُ الوَقتِ رَحمَةُ اللَّهِ، وآخِرُ الوَقتِ عَفوُ اللهِ\" (^٥).\nإِبراهيمُ بنُ زكريا هذا هو العِجلِىُّ الضَّريرُ يُكنَى أبا إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَ عن الثِّقاتِ بالبَواطيلِ (^٦)، قالَه لَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ عن أبي أحمدَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ\n_________\n= والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ١٣٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٧٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٣٩٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٧٧: كذبه أحمد وغيره.\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٦٨١، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٠٤، ٢٦٠٥.\n(^٢) العلل ١/ ٥٤٨، ٢/ ٥٣٨.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ضعيفة\"، وفي د: \"ضعاف\".\n(^٤) بعده في د: \"بن أحمد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٩ عن عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق به. وابن شاهين في فضائل الأعمال (٤٨) من طريق على بن إبراهيم الواسطى به. وابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٥٥ من طريق إبراهيم بن زكريا به.\n(^٦) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٣، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣١، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٥٨. قال ابن حجر: وقد فرق غير واحد بين إبراهيم بن زكريا العجلى البصري وبين إبراهيم بن زكريا الواسطي العبدسي. ينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٧٠، والمجروحين ١/ ١١٥، وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٥٣، ٥٤، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٤٨.","vol":"3","page":220},{"text":"الحافظِ (^١). وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى مَحذورَةَ هو إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي مَحذورَةَ، مَشهورٌ (^٢).\nوروِى هذا الحديثُ على اللَّفظ الأوَّلِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣) وجَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤) وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٥) مَرفوعًا، ولَيسَ بشَيءٍ.\nولَه أصلٌ في قَولِ أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الباقِرِ:\n\n٢٠٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: أوَّلُ الوَقتِ رِضوانُ اللَّه، وآخِرُ الوَقتِ عَفوُ اللَّهِ. هَكَذا قاله أبو أُوَيسٍ عن جَعفَرٍ.\nورُوِى عن موسَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-486>بابُ تَعجيلِ الظُّهرِ في غَيرِ شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) أبو إسماعيل المكي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٠٤، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١١٣، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٣٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٩: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ١٣٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٠٩، وابن الجوزى في العلل (٦٥١).\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٦٢٦) من طريق موسى به.","vol":"3","page":221},{"text":"أبى بَرَزَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّى الظُّهرَ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ويُصَلِّى العَصرَ وإِنَّ أحَدَنا يَذهَبُ إلى أقصَى المَدينَةِ ويَرجِعُ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ، ونَسيتُ المَغرِبَ، وكانَ لا يُبالِى بتأخيرِ العِشاءِ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ. قال: ثم قال: إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ. قال: وكانَ يَكرَهُ النَّومَ قَبلَها والحَديثَ بَعدَها، وكانَ يُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ ويَعرِفُ أحَدُنا جَليسَه الذي كان يَعرِفُه، وكانَ يَقرأُ فيها مِنَ السِّتّينَ إلى المائَةِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ حينَ تَدحَضُ الشَّمسُ: يَعنِى: تَزولُ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّد بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما رأَيتُ إنسانًا كان أشَدَّ تَعجيلًا بالظُّهرِ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٩٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤١)، ومسلم (٦٤٧/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٧٣) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (٢١٠١٦)، وأبو داود (٨٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٨/ ١٨٨).","vol":"3","page":222},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. ما استَثنَت أباها ولا عُمَرَ (^١). هَكَذا رواه الجَماعَةُ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ.\n\n٢٠٨٠ - ورواه إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ عن سُفيانَ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ الأذرَمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ. فذكَره بنَحوِه دونَ قَولِه: ما استَثنَت أباها ولا عمرَ (^٢). وهو وهمٌ. والصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ، قالَه ابنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٣) وغَيرُه، وقَد رواه إسحاقُ مَرَّةً على الصَّوابِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-487>بابُ تأخيِر الظُّهرِ في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ</span>\n\n٢٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا اشتَدَّ الحَرَّ فأَبرِدوا بالصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ، واشتَكَتِ النّارُ إلى رَبِّها ﷿ فقالَت: رَبِّ أكَلَ بَعضِى بَعضًا. فأَذِنَ لها بنَفَسَينِ؛ نَفَسٍ في الشِّتاءِ ونَفَسٍ في الصَّيفِ، فهوَ أشَدُّ ما تَجِدونَ مِنَ الحَرِّ وأَشَدُّ ما تَجِدونَ مِنَ الزَّمهَريرِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٣٨)، والترمذي (١٥٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٥/ ٧٣، ٧٤ عن أبي عبد الرحمن الأذرمى به.\n(^٣) ينظر العلل ٣/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٠٩) عن إسحاق به على الصواب كما ذكر المصنف.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠١٤) من طريق على بن المديني به. وأحمد (٧٢٤٦)، والنسائي (١٤٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"3","page":223},{"text":"٢٠٨٢ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذكَره بمثلِه إلا أنَّه قال: \"فأَشَدُّ ما تَجِدونَ مِنَ الحرِّ فمِن حَرِّها، وأَشَدُّ ما تَجِدونَ ينَ البَردِ فمِن زَمهَريرِها\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ وقُتَيبَةُ، أن اللَّيثَّ حدَّثَهُم، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ فأَبرِدوا عن الصَّلاةِ\". قال ابنُ مَوهَبٍ: \"بالصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ وعَن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان الحَرُّ فأَبرِدوا عن الصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ\". وذكَر: \"أن النّارَ اشتَكَت إلى رَبِّها ﷿، فأَذِنَ لها في كُلِّ عامٍ بنَفَسَينِ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٧٢.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٠٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٥/ ١٨٠).","vol":"3","page":224},{"text":"نَفَسٍ في الشِّتاءِ ونَفَسٍ في الصَّيفِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ موسَى عن مَعنِ بنِ عيسَى عن مالكٍ (^٢). وقَد رواه الشافعيُّ عن مالكٍ في القَديمِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِىُّ، وأبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أبرِدوا بالظُّهرِ فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أَوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ بَعضُها رِوايَةً وبَعضُها إشارَةً (^٥). وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n\n٢٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحسنِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ وهبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: كُنّا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فأَرادَ المُؤَذِّنُ أن يُؤَذِّنَ الظُّهرَ فقالَ: \"أبرِدْ\". ثم أرادَ أن يُؤَذِّنَ فقالَ: \"أبرِدْ\". مَرَّتَينِ أو\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٥٥)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٦١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦١٧/ ١٨٦).\n(^٣) السنن المأثورة (١٢٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٩٠، ١١٤٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٧٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٣٨، ٣٢٥٩) من طريق الأعمش، وذكره عقب (٥٣٨) إشارة إلى رواية سفيان ويحيى وأبى عوانة عن الأعمش.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٣٤).","vol":"3","page":225},{"text":"ثَلاثًا حَتَّى رأينا فئَ التُّلولِ (^١) ثم قال: \"إنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ، فإِذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ فأَبرِدوا بالصَّلاةِ\". قال أبو داودَ: هو مُهاجِرٌ أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣). وكَذا قال جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ: فأَرادَ المُؤَذِّنُ أن يُؤَذِّنَ.\n\n٢٠٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه مثلَهُ، أنَّه سمِع أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: إنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فأَذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ، فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أبرِدْ\" (^٤). وذكَره. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ:\n\n٢٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ والحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُهاجِرٍ أبى الحسنِ، أنَّه سمِع زَيدَ بنَ وهبٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: أذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ، فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أبرِدْ أبرِدْ\". أو قال: \"انتَظِر، انتَظِرْ\". وقالَ: \"إنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ، فإِذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ فأَبرِدوا عن الصَّلاةِ\". قال أبو ذَرٍّ: حَتَّى رأينا\n_________\n(^١) يعني: حتى مالت الشمس وبعدت عن وسط السماء حتى ظهر للتلال فئ. والفئ هو الظل العائد بعد زواله. . . فما كان قبل الزوال يسمى ظلا وما كان بعده يسمى فيئا. فتح الباري لابن رجب ٣/ ٧٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٢٥٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في البعث والنشور (١٩٠) من طريق الأسفاطى. وابن حبان (١٥٠٩) من طريق أبى الوليد به.","vol":"3","page":226},{"text":"فئَ التُّلولِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\nوفِي هذا كالدَّلالةِ (^٣) على أن الأمرَ بالإِبرادِ كان بعدَ التّأذينِ، وأَنَّ الأذانَ كان في أوَّلِ الوَقتِ.\n\n٢٠٨٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ لَفظًا، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ سَمُرَةَ (^٤). قالَ حَمّادٌ: وحَدَّثَنيه سَيّارُ بنُ سَلامَةَ، عن أبي بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ، قالَ أحَدُهُما: كان بلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ إذا دَلَكَتِ الشَّمسُ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: كان بلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ إذا دَحَضَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٩٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قالَ: كان بِلالٌ لا يَحذِمُ الأذانَ، وكانَ ربما أخَّرَ الإِقامَةَ شَيئًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٢٨) من طريق غندر به. وأبو داود (١٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٥)، ومسلم (٦١٦/ ١٨٤).\n(^٣) في د: \"الدلالة\"، وفى س: \"دلالة\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٨٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠١٩)، وأبو داود (٤٠٣) من طريق حماد به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٩٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٩٦٣).\n(^٦) الطيالسي (٨٠٧)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٧١٣). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٤٥٠)، والطبراني (١٩٤٧) من طريق شريك به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٨٤).","vol":"3","page":227},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى قَولُه: كان بِلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ إذا دَحَضَتِ الشَّمسُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-488>بابُ ما رُوِى في التَّعجيلِ بها في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ</span>\n\n٢٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن خَبَّابٍ قال: شَكَونا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّ الرَّمضاءِ فلَم يُشكِنا (^٢). قُلتُ لأبِى إسحاقَ: في الظُّهرِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أفِى تَعجيلِها؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ وهبٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٢٧).\n(^٢) أي: شكوا إليه حر الشمس وما يصيب أقدامهم منها في صلاة الظهر، وسألوه تأخيرها إلى الإبراد قليلا. وقوله فلم يُشْكِهم، أي: لم ينزع عن ذلك ولم يجبهم، وهذا الحرف له معنيان أحدهما ضد الآخر، تقول: أشكيت الرجل، إذا أحوجته إلى الشكاية، وأشكيته: نزعتُ عن الأمر الذي شكانى له. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٦٠٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٧) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٢١٠٥٢، ٢١٠٦٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦١٩/ ١٩٠).","vol":"3","page":228},{"text":"حدَّثَنى خَبّابُ بنُ الأرَتِّ قال: شَكَونا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الرَّمضاءَ فما أشكانا، وقالَ: \"إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ فصَلُّوا\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأنصارِيِّ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فآخُذُ قَبضةً مِنَ الحَصا لِتَبرُدَ في كَفِّى، أضعُها لجَبهَتِى أسجُدُ عَلَيها لِشِدَّةِ الحَرِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-489>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن خَبَرَ الإِبرادِ بها ناسِخٌ لِخَبَرِ خَبّابٍ وغَيرِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ (^٣) بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن شَريكٍ، عن بَيانِ بنِ بشرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الظُّهرِ بالهاجِرَةِ، فقالَ لَنا: \"أبرِدوا بالصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ\n_________\n(^١) الفاكهى في فوائده (٧٤). وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٣/ ٣١٢ (٩٦٩) من طريق خلاد به. والبزار (٢١٣٤)، والطبراني (٣٧٠٣)، وفى الأوسط (٢٠٥٤) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٠٧)، والنسائي (١٠٨٠) من طريق عباد بن عباد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٦). وسيأتي في (٢٦٩٨).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"بن محمد\".","vol":"3","page":229},{"text":"جَهَنَّمَ\" (^١). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: سأَلتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فعَدَّه مَحفوظًا وقالَ: رواه غَيرُ شَريكٍ عن بَيانٍ عن قَيسٍ عن المُغيرَةِ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ بالهاجِرَةِ، فقيلَ لَنا: أبرِدوا بالصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ. ورواه أبو عيسَى عن عمرَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ مُجالِدٍ عن أبيه عن بَيانٍ، كما قال البُخارِىُّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا نافِعٌ يَعنِى الجُمَحِيَّ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فسَمِعَ صَوتَ أبى مَحذورَةَ فقالَ: ويحَه ما أشَدَّ صَوتَه! أما يَخافُ أن تَنشَقَّ مُرَيطاؤُه (^٣)؟!. قال: فأَتاه يُؤذِنُه بالصَّلاةِ فقالَ: ويحَكَ ما أشَدَّ صَوتَكَ! أما تَخافُ أن يَنشَقَّ مُريَطاؤُكَ؟! فقالَ: إنَّما شَدَدتُ صَوتِى لِقُدومِكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: إنَّكَ في بَلدَةٍ حارَّةٍ، فأَبرِدْ على النّاسِ، ثم أبرِدْ مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا ثم أذِّنْ، ثم انزِلْ فاركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ ثم ثَوِّبْ آتِكَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-490>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنه لا يَبلُغُ بتأخيِرها آخِرَ وقتِها</span>\n\n٢٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١١)، وأحمد (١٨١٨٥)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٥٠٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٨٠) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٢) لم نجده في كتب الترمذي التي بين أيدينا.\n(^٣) المريطاء: هي ما بين السرة إلى العانة. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٢٩٨.\n(^٤) في س: \"امامك\"، وفي م: \"إقامتك\".\nوالأثر في أخبار مكة للفاكهى ٢/ ١٤١ عن ابن أبي مليكة به.","vol":"3","page":230},{"text":"الدّارَبَردِىُّ (^١) بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنى غالِبٌ القَطّانُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالظَّهائرِ سَجَدْنا على ثيابِنا اتِّقاءَ الحَرِّ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن غالِبٍ بغَيرِ هذا اللَّفظِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ بإِسفَرايينَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن موسَى (^٤) أبى العَلاءِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ في أيّامِ الشِّتاءِ، وما يُدْرَى ما مَضَى مِنَ النَّهارِ أكثَرُ أو ما بَقِىَ (^٥).\nوفِي هذا إن صَحَّ كالدَّلالَةِ على الفَرقِ بَينَ الشِّتاءِ والصَّيفِ في وقتِ صَلاتِه - ﷺ -، وأنَّ خَبَرَ بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيِّ مَحمولٌ على أنَّه أخَّرَها في الحَرِّ، إلا أنَّه لم يَبلُغْ بتأخيرِها آخِرَ وقتِها، فكانوا يَجِدونَ مَعَ التّأخيرِ حَرَّ الرِّمالِ والبَطحاءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الداربجردى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٨٤)، والنسائي (١١١٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٢)، ومسلم (٦٢٠).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"بن\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٦٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٨٨، ١٢٦٣٤) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"3","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-491>بابُ تَعجيلِ صَلاةِ العَصرِ</span>\n\n٢٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى العَصرَ ثم يَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى قُباءٍ فيأتيهم والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٩ - أخبرنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ حَيَّةٌ، ويَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى العَوالِى والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ حيَّةٌ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ الرُّمحِ (^٤).\nورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ عن اللَّيثِ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٩. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٠١٩) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥١)، ومسلم (٦٢١/ ١٩٣).\n(^٣) ليست في: \"د\". والحديث عند أبي داود (٤٠٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٢١/ ١٩٢).","vol":"3","page":232},{"text":"٢١٠٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ (^١) المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَروفٍ أبو كامِلٍ المَدينِيُّ إملاءً بمِصرَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زُكَيْرٍ (^٢) الحَمراوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ كاتِبُ اللَّيثِ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يونُسَ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ العَصرِ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ حَيَّةٌ، فيَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى العَوالِى والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ (^٣). وبعضُ (^٤) العَوالِى مِنَ المَدينَةِ على أربَعَةِ أميالٍ أو ثَلاثَةٍ. قالَ البخاريُّ: زادَ اللَّيثُ عن يونُسَ: وبُعدُ العَوالِى أربَعَةُ أميالٍ أو ثَلاثَةٌ (^٥).\n\n٢١٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قالَ: أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ العَصرِ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ حَيَّةٌ، فيَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى العَوالِى فيأتيها والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ. وبعضُ (٤) العَوالِي مِنَ المَدينَةِ على أربَعَةِ أميالٍ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وقالَ: وبَعضُ العَوالِى مِنَ المَدينَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لطيف\". وهو أبو عبد الله المصرى الفراء، الشيخ العالم المسند المعمر، قال الصفدى: مسند ديار مصر في زمانه. وقال الذهبي: تفرد في الدنيا بعلو الإسناد. توفى سنة (٤٣١ هـ)، وقد نيف على التسعين. الوافى بالوفيات ٤/ ٣٢٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٧٦.\n(^٢) في د، س، م: \"بكير\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٣١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) في د: \"بعد\".\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٧٣٢٩).","vol":"3","page":233},{"text":"على أربَعَةِ أميالٍ أو نَحوِهِ (^١). وهَذا مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ، ذكَره مَعمَرٌ عنه مِن قَولِهِ.\n\n٢١٠٢ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو صالِحٍ ابنُ ابنَةِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى العَصرَ فيَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى العَوالِى والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: والعَوالِى مِنَ المَدينَةِ على ميلَينِ وثَلاثَةٍ. وأَحسِبُه قال: وأَربَعَةٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: تَذاكَرنا عِندَ خَيثَمَةَ (والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ حَيَّةٌ)، فقالَ: حَياتُها أن تَجِدَ حَرَّها (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ البَزّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِى بَشيرُ بنُ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ، أنَّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ حينَ زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ، وربما أخَّرَها في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ، والعَصرَ والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ يَسيرُ الرَّجُلُ حينَ يَنصَرِفُ مِنها إلى ذِى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥٠).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٦٩)، وعنه أحمد (١٢٦٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٦) من طريق جرير به.","vol":"3","page":234},{"text":"الحُلَيفَةِ سِتَّةَ أميالٍ قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ. وذكَر الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ الحِمصِىُّ في سنةِ إحدَى وعِشرينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدَّثَنى أبو بشرٍ شُعَيبُ بنُ دينارٍ أبى حَمزَةَ القُرَشِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ في إمارَتِه، وكانَ عُمَرُ يُؤَخِّرَ الصَّلاةَ في ذَلِكَ الزَّمانِ فقالَ له عُروَةُ: أخَّرَ المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ صَلاةَ العَصرِ وهو أميرُ الكوفَةِ، فدَخَلَ عليه أبو مَسعودٍ عُقبَةُ بنُ عمرٍو الأنصارِىُّ - وهو جَدُّ زَيدِ بنِ الحسنِ أبو أُمِّه وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا - فقالَ: ما هذا يا مُغيرَةُ؟ أما واللَّهِ لَقَد عَلِمتَ، لَقَد نَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ فصَلَّى فصَلَّى النبيُّ - ﷺ -، ثم صلَّى فصَلَّى النبىُّ - ﷺ -، ثم صَلَّى فصَلَّى النبيُّ - ﷺ - خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ، ثم قال: هَكَذا أُمِرتُ. ففَزِعَ عُمَرُ حينَ حدَّثه عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ بذَلِكَ وقالَ: اعْلَمْ ما تُحَدِّثُ به يا عُروَةُ؟! إنَّ جِبريلَ لَهوَ أقامَ لَهُم وقتَ الصَّلاةِ؟ قال عُروَةُ: كَذَلِكَ كان بَشيرُ بنُ أبى مَسعودٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢٥٩ (٧١٦) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد (١٩٨٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٥٤، والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٦٩٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٣٥ عن أبي اليمان به. ومسند الشاميين (٣١١٧) من طريق شعيب به.","vol":"3","page":235},{"text":"٢١٠٦ - قال عُروَةُ: ولَقَد حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ العَصرِ والشَّمسُ في حُجرَتِها قبلَ أن تَظهَرَ الشَّمسُ. فلَم يَزَلْ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَومِ يَتَعَلَّمُ وقتَ الصَّلاةِ بعَلامَةٍ حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^١).\n\n٢١٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ يَومًا، فدَخَلَ عليه عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، فَأَخبَرَه أن المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ يَومًا وهو بالكوفَةِ، فدَخَلَ عليه أبو مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىُّ فقالَ: ما هذا يا مُغيرَةُ؟! ألَيسَ قَد عَلِمتَ أن جِبريلَ ﵇ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟! فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٨ - قال عُروَةُ: ولَقَد حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ زَوجُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ في حُجرَتِها قبلَ أن تَظهَرَ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ وعَنِ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\nوقالَ يونُسُ واللَّيثُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: والشَّمسُ في حُجرَتِها لم يَظهَرِ الفَئُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الشاميين (٣٠٩٤) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٠). وتقدم في (١٧٢٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٦١٥). وتقدم في (١٧٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢١، ٤٠٠٧)، ومسلم (٦١٠/ ١٦٧). وتقدم عقب (١٧٢٠).","vol":"3","page":236},{"text":"مِن حُجرَتِها (^١). وقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: والشَّمسُ طالِعَةٌ في حُجرَتِى لم يَظهَرِ الفَئُ بَعدُ (^٢). وقالَ هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ: والشَّمسُ لم تَخرُجْ مِن حُجرَتِها (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ: مِن قَعرِ حُجرَتِها (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ في قَعرِ حُجرَتِي (^٥).\n\n٢١١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، فذكَره. وقالَ: والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ في قَعرِ حُجرَتِي طالعةٌ (^٦). قال الشافعيُّ عَقِيبَ حَديثِ مالكٍ: وهَذا مِن أبيَنِ ما رُوِى في أوَّلِ الوَقتِ؛ لأنَّ حُجَرَ أزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في مَوضِعٍ مُنخَفِضٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٦١١/ ١٦٩) من طريق يونس به. والبخاري (٥٤٥)، والترمذي (١٥٩)، والنسائي (٥٠٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٥)، والبخاري (٥٤٦)، ومسلم (٦١١)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٢) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٥٤٤، ٣١٠٣) بهذا اللفظ. وأحمد (٢٥٦٨٥)، ومسلم (٦١١/ ١٧٠) وغيرهما بنحوه من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري قبل حديث (٥٤٤).\n(^٥) الإسماعيلي - كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٢٥٥. وفيه: \"أبو عبد الرحمن\" بدل \"عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٦) ليست في: س، م.","vol":"3","page":237},{"text":"ولَيسَت بالواسِعَةِ، وذَلِكَ أقرَبُ لها مِن أن تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ مِنها في أوَّلِ وقتِ العَصرِ (^١).\n\n٢١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سَوَّادٍ السَّرْحِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن يزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، أن موسَى بنَ سَعدٍ (^٣) الأنصارِىَّ حدَّثه عن حَفصِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العَصرَ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ أتاه رجلٌ مِن بنى سَلِمَةَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنّا نُريدُ أن نَنحَرَ جَزورًا لَنا، ونَحنُ نُحِبُّ أن تَحضُرَها. قال: \"نَعَم\". فانطَلَقَ وانطَلَقْنا معه، فوَجَدنا الجَزورَ لم تُنحَرْ، فنُحِرَت ثم قُطِّعَت ثم طُبِخَ مِنها، ثم أكَلنا قبلَ أن تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ (^٥).\n\n٢١١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ١/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٢) في س: \"الشرجى\"، وفى د: \"السرخسي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٥٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"سجد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٦٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥١٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٥٥ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٢٤/ ١٩٧).","vol":"3","page":238},{"text":"حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو النَّجاشِىِّ، حدَّثَنى رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صلاةَ العَصرِ، ثم نَنحَرُ الْجَزُورَ فتُقسَمُ عَشرَ قِسَمٍ ثم تُطبَخُ، فنأكُلُ لَحمًا نَضيجًا قبلَ أن تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ الرّازِىِّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٢).\nوهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ الصَّحيحَةُ عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ تَدُلُّ على خَطإِ ما رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ أَو عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ نافِعٍ أو نُفَيعٍ الكِلابِىُّ (^٣)، عن ابنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ عن أبيه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُهُم بتأخيرِ العَصرِ (^٤). وهو مُختَلَفٌ في اسمِه واسمِ أبيه، واختُلِفَ عليه في اسمِ ابنِ رافِعٍ فقيلَ فيه: عبدُ اللَّهِ. وقيل: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ. قال البخاريُّ (^٥): لا يُتابَعُ عليه. واحتَجَّ على خَطَئِه بحَديثِ أبى النَّجاشِىِّ عن رافِعٍ. وقالَ أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ فيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ عنه (^٦): هذا حَديثٌ ضَعيفُ الإِسنادِ، والصَّحيحُ عن رافِعٍ وغَيرِه ضِدُّ هَذا.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٧٥) عن أبي المغيرة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨٥)، ومسلم (٦٢٥/ ١٩٨).\n(^٣) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦١، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٤، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٥٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٢/ ١٥٧، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٥٨٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٥/ ٨٩، ٦/ ٦١، ٦٢ من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٨٩.\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٥١.","vol":"3","page":239},{"text":"٢١١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالِكٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ (^١)، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى العَصرَ ثم يَخرُجُ الإِنسانُ إلى بنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ فيَجِدُهُم يُصَلّونَ (^٢) العَصرَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ: فيَخرُجُ الإِنسانُ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٢١١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٥) اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ، حدَّثَنى إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى العَصرَ بقَدرِ ما تُنحَرُ الجَزورُ ثم نَعُضُّها (^٦) لِغُروبِ الشَّمسِ، وقَدرِ أن يُذهَبَ إلى بنى حارِثَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ فيَرجِعَ قبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسين\". وينظر ما تقدم في ٢/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"أن يصلوا\".\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٨١، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٧٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٢١/ ١٩٤).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر ما تقدم في ١/ ٥٨.\n(^٦) نعضها: أي نقطعها ونفصل أعضاءها. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٧) أخرجه حنبل في جزئه (٤٣) عن سريج به.","vol":"3","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-492>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تأخيرِ العَصرِ</span>\n\n٢١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخاريُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ جَميلٍ (^١) قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: صَلَّينا مَعَ عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ الظُّهرَ، ثم خَرَجنا حَتَّى دَخَلنا على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: فوَجَدناه يُصَلِّى العَصرَ، فقُلتُ: يا عَمِّ، ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ التي صَلَّيتَ؟ قال: العَصرُ، وهَذِه صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - التي كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَه (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبي مُزاحِمٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ المَرثَدِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّه دَخَلَ على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في دارِه بالبَصرَةِ حينَ انصَرَفَ مِنَ الظُّهرِ - قال: ودارُه بجَنبِ المَسجِدِ - قال: فلَمّا دَخَلنا عليه قال: أصَلَّيتُم العَصرَ؟ قُلنا: إنَّما انصَرَفنا السّاعَةَ مِنَ الظُّهرِ. قال: فصَلُّوا العَصرَ. قال: فقُمنا فصَلَّينا، فلَمّا انصَرَفنا\n_________\n(^١) في د، س، م: \"حنبل\". وهو أحمد بن جميل المروزي. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٥٠٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٩)، ومسلم (٦٢٣).","vol":"3","page":241},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \" [تِلكَ صَلاةُ المُنافِقِ] (^١)، يَجلِسُ يَرقُبُ الشَّمسَ حَتَّى إذا كانَت بَينَ قَرنىِ الشَيطانِ قامَ فنَقَرَها أربَعًا، لا يَذكُرُ اللَّهَ ﷿ إلا قَليلًا\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى الرَّبيعِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّه قال: دَخَلنا على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ بعدَ الظُّهرِ، فقامَ يُصَلِّى العَصرَ، فلَمَّا فرَغَ مِن صَلاتِه ذَكَرنا تَعجيلَ الصَّلاةِ أو ذَكَرَها فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تِلكَ صَلاةُ المُنافِقينَ، تِلكَ صَلاةُ المُنافِقينَ، تِلكَ صَلاةُ المُنافِقينَ، يَجلِسُ أحَدُهُم حَتَّى إذا اصفَرَّتِ الشَّمسُ فكانَت بَينَ قَرنىِ شَيْطانٍ، أو على قَرْنِ شيطانٍ، قامَ فنَقر أربَعًا، لا يَذكُرُ اللَّهَ ﷿ فيها إلا قَليلًا\" (^٤).\n\n٢١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيُّوبَ البَزّازُ (^٥)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا مسلمٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"تلك صلاة المنافقين، تلك صلاة المنافقين\"، وفى د: \"تلك صلاة المنافقين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٤٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٣) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٢٢/ ١٩٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١٣)، ومالك ١/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"البزار\"، وغير منقوطة في: د. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"3","page":242},{"text":"المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المَليحِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ بُرَيدَةَ في غَزوَةٍ في يَومٍ ذِى غَيمٍ فقالَ: بَكِّروا بصَلاةِ العَصرِ، فإِنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ صلاةَ العَصرِ حَبِطَ عَمَلُه\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢). وخالَفَه الأوزاعِىُّ في إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ:\n\n٢١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ (^٣) بنُ عمرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ الغَزّالُ وأبو الحسينِ (^٣) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وغَيرُهُما (^٤) ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىُّ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المُهاجِرِ، عن بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ غَزَواتِه، قال: فقالَ: \"بَكِّروا بالصَّلاةِ في اليَومِ الغَيمِ، فإِنَّه مَن تَرَكَ عَلاةَ العَصرِ حَبِطَ عَمَلُه\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ. وأَخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٥٧)، والنسائي (٤٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"غيرهم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"3","page":243},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الذي تَفوتُه صَلاةُ العَصرِ كأَنَّما وُتِرَ [أَهلَه ومالَه] (^١) \" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٢١٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه يَبلُغُ به النبيَّ - ﷺ - في الذي تَفوتُه صَلاةُ العَصرِ: \"كأَنَّما وُتِرَ أهلَه ومالَه\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارمِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَلِيَّ ابنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ في حَديثِ سُفيانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ماله وولده\".\nوقوله - ﷺ - \"وتر أهله وماله\". قال النووي: روى بنصب اللامين ورفعهما، والنصب هو الصحيح المشهور الذي عليه الجمهور على أنه مفعول ثان، ومن رفع فعلى ما لم يسم فاعله، ومعناه انتزع منه أهله وماله. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١٢٥، ١٢٦.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١١. ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٦٥)، وأخرجه أبو داود (٤١٤) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٢)، ومسلم (٦٢٦/ ٢٠٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٥)، والنسائي (٥١١)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٣٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"3","page":244},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فاتتهُ العَصرُ فكأَنَّما وُتِرَ أهلَه ومالَه\". قال عَلِىٌّ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: فإنَّ ابنَ أبى ذِئبٍ يُسنِدُه عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ سمِع النبيَّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: سَمِعتُه مِنه ووَعاه قَلبِى وحَفِظتُه كما أنَّكَ ههُنا: عن سالِمٍ عن أبيهِ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ كَذَلِكَ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه مَعمَرٌ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ حدَّثنى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الدِّيلِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فاتَته الصَّلاةُ فكأَنَّما وُتِرَ أهلَه ومالَه\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ فقُلتُ: يا أبا بكرٍ أتَدرِى أيَّةَ صَلاةٍ هِىَ؟ قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: إنَّه بَلَغَنِى أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فاتَته صَلاةُ العَصرِ فكأَنَّما وُتِرَ أهلَه ومالَه\" (^٣). ورواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ وقالَ في آخِرِه: قال الزُّهرِيُّ: فذَكَرتُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٢٦/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٢٠) من طريق معمر به، وفى (٦٣٢٤) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ٥٠٧ من طريق ابن عبد الحكم به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٤٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"3","page":245},{"text":"ذَلِكَ لِسالِمٍ فقالَ: حدَّثَنى أبى، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ صَلاةَ العَصرِ\" (^١). وقَد رَوَى صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مُطيعِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ مِثلَ حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ - يَعنِى عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الفِتَنِ - إلا أن أبا بكرٍ يَزيدُ فيه: \"ومِنَ الصَّلاةِ صَلاةٌ مَن فاتَته فكأَنَّما وُتِرَ أهلَه ومالَه\". وهو مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٢) والحَديثُ مَحفوظٌ عَنهُما جَميعًا، رواه عِراكُ بنُ مالكٍ عَنهُما مَعًا: نَوفَلِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ - إِمَّا بَلاغًا أو سَماعًا (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ، أن صَلِّ العَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ قَدرَ ما يَسيرُ الرّاكِبُ ثَلاثَةَ فراسِخَ، وأَن صَلِّ العَتَمَةَ ما بَينَكَ وبَينَ ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، فإِن أخَّرتَ فإِلَى شَطْرِ اللَّيلِ ولا تَكُنْ مِنَ الغافِلينَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٩١٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٨٨٦/ ١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد - كما في أطراف المسند (٧٤٨٣)، والنسائي (٤٧٧، ٤٧٨) من طريق عراك به.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٧.","vol":"3","page":246},{"text":"ابنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلى عُمّالِه: إنَّ أهَمَّ أمرِكُم عِندِى الصَّلاةُ، مَن حَفِظَها أو حافَظَ عَلَيها حَفِظَ دينَه، ومَن ضَيَّعَها فهوَ لِما سِواها أضيَعُ. ثم كَتَبَ، أن صَلّوا الظُّهرَ إذا كان الفَئُ ذِراعًا إلى أن يَكونَ ظِلُّ أحدِكُم (^١) مِثلَه، والعَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ قَدرَ ما يَسيرُ الرّاكِبُ فرسَخَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً، والمَغرِبَ إذا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعِشاءَ إذا غابَ الشَّفَقُ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، فمَن نامَ فلا نامَت عَينُه، فمَن نامَ فلا نامَت عَينُه، فمَن نامَ فلا نامَت عَينُه، والصُّبحَ والنُّجومُ باديَةٌ مُشتَبِكَةٌ، فمَن نامَ فلا نامَت عَينُه (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ لاحِقٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى تَميمَةُ بنتُ سلمةَ، أنَّها أتَتْ عائشةَ في نِسوَةٍ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ فقُلنا: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، نَسأَلُكِ عن مَواقيتِ الصَّلَواتِ؟ قالَتِ: اجلِسْنَ. فجَلَسنا، فلَمّا كانَتِ السّاعَةُ التي تَدعونَها نِصفَ النَّهارِ قامَت فصَلَّت بنا وهِىَ قائمَةٌ وسَطَنا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَت قُلتُ لها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنّا نَدعو هَذِه في بلادِنا نِصفَ النَّهارِ. قالَت: هَذِه صَلاتُنا آلَ محمدٍ - ﷺ -. ثم جَلَسنا، فلَمّا كانَتِ السّاعَةُ التي تَدعونَها بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ صَلَّت بنا العَصرَ، فقُلنا لها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنّا نَدعو هَذِه في بلادِنا بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ. قالَت: هَذِه صَلاتُنا آلَ محمدٍ - ﷺ -، إنّا آلَ محمدٍ لا نُصلِّى الصَّفراءَ. قالَت: ثم جَلَسنا، فلَو كان\n_________\n(^١) في د، س، م: \"كل شيء\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٦، ٧.","vol":"3","page":247},{"text":"غَيرُ عائشةَ لَظَنَنّا أنَّها قَد صَلَّتِ المَغرِبَ قبلَ أن تَجِبَ، ولَكِن قَد عَرَفتُ أن عائشةَ لا تُصَلِّى إلا عِندَ الوَقتِ حينَ وجَبَت، وجَهَرَت بالقراءةِ في المَغرِبِ، فاستأذنَ عَلَيها نِسوَةٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ، فقالَت: لا تأذَنِى لَهُنَّ صَواحِبَ الحَمّاماتِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-493>بابُ تَعجيلِ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمّنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ عِندَ البَيتِ مَرَّتَينِ\". فذكَر الحديثَ، كُلَّ صَلاةٍ في وقتَينِ، وقالَ في المَغرِبِ في اليَومَينِ جميعًا: \"وصَلَّى بى المَغرِبَ حينَ أفطَرَ الصَّائمُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ (^٣) بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى. وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ ابنُ ابنَةِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى،\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٣٨: لا رواية لزياد وتميمة في السنن، وزياد صدوق، روى عنه أيضًا أبو نعيم.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٢) عن وكيع به، وفيه: عن حكيم بن حكيم بن عباد.\n(^٣) في د: \"بكر\".","vol":"3","page":248},{"text":"حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ إذا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وتَوارَت بالحِجابِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢)، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، حدَّثَنى جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو النَّجاشِىِّ، حدَّثَنى رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَغرِبَ فيَنصرِفُ أحَدُنا وهو يَرَى مَواضِعَ نَبلِهِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى صالحٍ، رواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٦٤) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٦١)، وتقدم في (١٧٤٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٣٦/ ٢١٦).\n(^٤) أي: يرى المواضع التي تصل إليها سهامه إذا رمى بها؛ لبقاء الضوء. ينظر فتح الباري ٢/ ٤١.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠٦٦) عن محمد بن عوف به. وأحمد (١٧٢٧٥) عن أبي المغيرة به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٧٤٨) من طريق الأوزاعي.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٣٧/ ٢١٧)، والبخاري (٥٥٩).","vol":"3","page":249},{"text":"٢١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ بخُسرَوجِردَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا نُصلِّى المَغرِبَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم نَرمِى، فيَرَى أحَدُنا مَوْضِعَ (^١) سَهمِهِ. غَريبٌ بهَذا الإِسنادِ.\n\n٢١٣١ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ (^٢) إسحاقَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سُمَيرَةَ (^٣) قال: حدَّثَنى أبو طَريفٍ، أنَّه كان شاهِدَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وهو مُحاصِرٌ لأهلِ الطائفِ قال: فكانَ يُصلِّى بنا صَلاةَ البَصَرِ حَتَّى لَو أن إنسانًا رَمَى بنَبلِه أبصَرَ مَواقِعَ نَبلِهِ (^٤). شَكَّ أبو جَعفَرٍ الحُلوانِىُّ في بَعضِ ألفاظِه، والحَديثُ مَحفوظٌ عن يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن بشرٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ. وصَلاةُ البَصَرِ أرادَ بها صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ، وإِنَّما سُمّيت صَلاةَ البَصَرِ لأنَّها تُؤَدَّى قبلَ ظُلمَةِ اللَّيلِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٣٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مواقع\".\n(^٢) بعده في د: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٣) في س، م، وشرح معاني الآثار: \"سمرة\". وعند أحمد: \"شميلة\". وينظر تعجيل المنفعة ٢/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٩/ ٤٦، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٧٨ من طريق بشر به. وأحمد (١٥٤٣٧) من طريق زكريا بن إسحاق به.\n(^٥) وقيل: صلاة الفجر؛ لأن البصر يثبت الأشخاص حينئذ. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٧٤.","vol":"3","page":250},{"text":"الكُدَيمِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عَقيلٍ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبى سُمَيرَةَ (^١)، عن أبي طَريفٍ الهُذَلِىِّ قال: حاصَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حِصنَ الطّائفِ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى بنا صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ وأَحَدُنا يَرَى مَواقِعَ نَبلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ [ابنُ الحسنِ] (^٣) بنِ الحسينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٤) بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدَّثَنى عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، أخبرَنِي الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ الوادِعِيِّ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ مَسروقٍ على عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ فقالَ لها مَسروقٌ: رجلانِ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - كِلاهُما لا يألو عن الخَيرِ، أحَدُهُما يُعَجِّلُ المَغرِبَ ويُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ، والآخَرُ يُؤَخِّرُ المَغرِبَ ويُؤَخِّرُ الإِفطارَ. قالَت: أيُّهُما الذي يُعَجِّلُ المَغرِبَ ويُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ؟ قال: ابنُ مَسعودٍ. قالَت: هَكَذا كان يَصنَعُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ زَكَريّا (^٦).\n\n٢١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"سمرة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٣٧٣ من طريق عبيد بن عقيل به.\n(^٣) ليس في: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٦٦.\n(^٤) في د: \"الحسن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٩٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢١٢)، وأبو داود (٢٣٥٤)، والترمذي (٧٠٢)، والنسائي (٢١٦٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٩٩/ ٥٠).","vol":"3","page":251},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن/ أبى بُردَةَ قال: أقبَلتُ مِنَ الجَبّانِ فمَرَرتُ في جُعْفِيٍّ (^١) وأَنا أقولُ: الآنَ وجَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، فمَرَرتُ بسُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ عِندَ مَسجِدِهِم فقُلتُ: أصَلَّيتُم؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقُلتُ: ما أُراكُم إلا قَد عَجَّلتُم. قال: كَذَلِكَ كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يُصَلِّيها.\n\n٢١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى يونُسُ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنَ عفانَ كانا يُصَلّيانِ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ حينَ يَنظُرانِ إلى اللَّيلِ الأسوَدِ قبلَ أن يُفطِرا، ثم يُفطِرانِ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ حينَ تَغرُبُ الشَّمسُ، وقالَ: هذا والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه وقتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) جعفى: ككرسى، قبيلة، وهى ولد جعفى بن سعد العشيرة أبو حى باليمن. القاموس المحيط ٣/ ١٢٧ (ج ع ف)، اللباب ١/ ٢٣١، وقال: وهو من مذحج.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٨٩، ومن طريقه الشافعي في مسنده (٧٣١ - شفاء العى)، وابن سعد ٥/ ١٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٩) عن أبي الأحوص به.","vol":"3","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-494>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تأخيرِ المَغرِبِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٧ - حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ إملاءً في جامِعِ المَنصورِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى هارونُ يَعنى ابنَ مَعروفٍ، قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: وسَمِعتُه أنا مِن هارونَ قالَ: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ الأسوَدِ القُرَشِىُّ، أن يَزيدَ بنَ خُصَيفَةَ حدَّثه، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَزالُ أُمَّتِى على الفِطرَةِ ما صَلَّوُا المَغرِبَ قبلَ طُلوعِ النُّجومِ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن عمرَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَزالُ أُمَّتِى على الفِطرَةِ، ما لم يُؤَخِّروا المَغرِبَ حَتَّى تَشتَبِكَ النُّجومُ\" (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ أبى أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣)، ورُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ (^٤)، وأَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٥٧١٧)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخه ١٤/ ١٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (١٢٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن موسى به، وليس عن ابن ماجه ذكر معمر. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٤٠: قال أحمد بن حنبل: هذا حديث منكر.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٥١).\n(^٤) ذكره ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى ٣/ ٩٦٨.","vol":"3","page":253},{"text":"٢١٣٩ - واحتَجَّ بَعضُ مَن أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ بما أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليث، حدَّثَنى خَيرُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن ابنِ (^١) هُبَيرَةَ السَّبائىِّ، عن أبي تَميمٍ الجَيشانِىِّ، عن أبي بَصرَةَ الغِفارىُّ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العَصرَ بالمَخْمِصِ (^٢) فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ عُرِضَتْ على مَن كان قَبلَكُم فضَيَّعوها، فمَن حافَظَ عَلَيها أوتِىَ (^٣) أجرَه مَرَّتَينِ، ولا صَلاةَ بَعدَها حَتَّى يَطلُعَ الشّاهِدُ\" (^٤). قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ: سأَلتُ اللَّيثَ عن الشّاهِدِ فقالَ: هو النَّجمُ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥). ولا يَجوزُ تَركُ الأحاديثِ الصَّحيحَةِ المَشهورَةِ بهَذا، وإِنَّما المَقصودُ بهَذا نَفىُّ التَّطَوُّعِ بَعدَها لا بَيانُ وقتِ المَغرِبَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-495>بابُ مَن قال بتَعجيلِ العِشاءِ</span>\n\n٢١٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرِ قال: أنا أعلمُ النّاسِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أبى\".\n(^٢) المخمص: طريق في جبل عير إلى مكة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٤٤.\n(^٣) في م: \"أوفى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٢٨) من طريق خَيْر به. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٤٤٣١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٣٠/ ٢٩٢).","vol":"3","page":254},{"text":"بوَقتِ الصَّلاةِ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلّيها لِسُقوطِ القَمَرِ لِثالِثَةٍ (^١) (^٢). وسائرُ ما رُوِى في التَّعجيلِ بالصَّلَواتِ على العُمومِ قَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣).\n\n٢١٤١ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي بَكرَةَ قالَ: أخَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ تِسعَ لَيالٍ إلى ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَو أنَّكَ عَجَّلتَ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ لَكانَ أمكَنَ لِقائمِنا (^٤)؟ وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ المُنادِى: لَكانَ أمثَلَ لِقيامِنا مِنَ اللَّيل. فعَجَّلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٥)؟ تَفَرَّدَ به عليُّ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المراد بقوله: \"لسقوط القمر\": أي وقت غروبه، أو سقوطه إلى الغروب، وقوله: \"لثالثة\": أي ليلة ثالثة من الشهر. عون المعبود ١/ ١٦١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٩) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٨٤١٥)، والترمذي (١٦٥، ١٦٦)، والنسائي (٥٢٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٤).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٠٦٧ - ٢٠٧٦).\n(^٤) في س: \"لقيامنا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٨٣) عن روح به.\n(^٦) تقدم قبل (٢٨).","vol":"3","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-496>بابُ مَن قال بتَعجيلِها إذا اجتَمَعَ النّاسُ</span>\n\n٢١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ (^١) بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: سأَلنا جابِرًا عن وقتِ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: كان يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ بالهاجِرَةِ، والعَصرَ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ، والمَغرِبَ إذا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعِشاءَ؛ إذا كَثُرَ النّاسُ عَجَّلَ وإِذا قَلّوا أخَّرَ، والصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-497>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ تأخيرَها</span>\n\n٢١٤٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أىُّ حينٍ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أن أُصَلِّىَ العِشاءَ التي يَقولُها النّاسُ العَتَمَةَ إمامًا وخِلْوًا؟ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أعتَمَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ العِشاءَ حَتَّى رَقَدَ النّاسُ واستَيقَظوا، ورَقَدوا واستَيقَظوا، فقامَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فقالَ: الصَّلاةَ. قال عَطاءٌ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فخَرَجَ نَبِيُّ اللَّه - ﷺ - حَتَّى أنظُرُ إلَيه الآنَ، يَقطُرُ رأْسُه ماءً واضِعًا يَدَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٤٠. وما تقدم في (٢٠٦٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٧). وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٠٦٩)\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٥)، ومسلم (٦٤٦/ ٢٣٣).","vol":"3","page":256},{"text":"على شِقِّ رأسِه فقالَ: \"لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِى لأمَرتُهُم أن يُصَلُّوها كَذَلِكَ\". قالَ: فاستَثبَتُّ عَطاءً كَيفَ وضَعَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَدَه على رأسِه كما أنبأَه ابنُ عباسٍ؟ فبَدَّدَ لِى عَطاءٌ بَينَ أصابِعِه شَيئًا مِن تَبديدٍ، ثم وضَعَ أطرافَ أصابِعِه على فرقِ الرأسِ، ثم ضَمَّها يُمِرُّها كَذَلِكَ على الرّأْسِ حَتَّى مَسَّتْ إبهامُه طَرَفَ الأُذُنِ مِمّا يَلِى الوَجهَ، ثم على الصُّدغِ وناحيَةِ اللِّحيَةِ، لا يُقَصِّرُ ولا يَبطُشُ (^١) بشَئٍ إلا كَذَلِكَ. قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: كم [ذُكِرَ لَكَ] (^٢) أخَّرَها النبيُّ - ﷺ - لَيلَتَئذٍ؟ قالَ: لا أدرِى. قالَ عَطاءٌ: فأَحَبُّ إلَيَّ أن تُصَلّيَها إمامًا وخِلْوًا مُؤَخَّرَةً كما صَلَّاها النبيُّ - ﷺ - لَيلَتَئذٍ. قالَ: فإِن شَقَّ عَلَيكَ ذَلِكَ خِلْوًا، أو على النّاسِ في الجَماعَةِ وأَنتَ إمامُهُم، فصَلِّها وَسطَةً (^٣)؛ لا مُعَجَّلَةً ولا مُؤَخَّرَةً (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ هَكَذا، ورواه البخاريُّ عن مَحمودٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) لا يقصر: من التقصير، ومعناه لا يبطئ. ولا يبطش: أي لا يستعجل. فتح الباري ٢/ ٥١.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٣) هكذا جاءت هذه اللفظة، ولم نجدها في كتب اللغة، وعند مسلم \"وَسَطًا\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢١١٢)، وعنه أحمد (٣٤٦٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٤٢/ ٢٢٥)، والبخاري (٥٧١).","vol":"3","page":257},{"text":"ابنُ عمرَ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شُغِلَ عن الصَّلاةِ لَيلَةً، فلَم يَخرُجْ حَتَّى رَقَدنا ثم استَيقَظنا، ثم رَقَدنا ثم استَيقَظنا، فخَرَجَ عَلَينا وقالَ: \"لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ الأرضِ يَنتَظِرُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ غيرُكُم\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: مَكَثنا لَيلَةً نَنتَظِرُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[لصلاةِ العشاءِ] (^٣) الآخِرَةِ، فخَرَجَ عَلَينا حينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ أو بَعدَه، فقالَ حينَ خَرَجَ: \"إنَّكُم تَنتَظِرونَ صَلاةً ما يَنتَظِرُها أهلُ دينٍ غَيرُكُم، ولَولا أن يَثقُلَ على أُمَّتِى لَصَلَّيتُ بهِم هَذِه السَّاعَةَ\". قال: ثم أمَرَ المُؤَذِّنَ فأَقامَ ثم صَلَّى (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n٢١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢١١٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٦١١)، وأبو داود (١٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٠)، ومسلم (٦٣٩/ ٢٢١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"للعشاء\". وينظر مصدر التخريج.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٥٣٦) عن إسحاق به. وابن خزيمة (٣٤٤) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٣٩/ ٢٢٠).","vol":"3","page":258},{"text":"عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى مُغيرَةُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، أخبرَته عن عائشةَ قالَت: أعتَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ بالعِشاءِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عامَّةُ اللَّيلِ، وحَتَّى نامَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ. قالَت: ثم خَرَجَ إلَيهِم فصَلَّى بهِم، وقالَ: \"إنَّه لَوَقتُها لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرزاقِ، وفِي حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ: عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ أنَّها قالَت. ولَم يَقُلْ: بالعِشاءِ. والباقِى بمَعناه سَواءٌ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجَّاجٍ وعَن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عَوفٌ، حدثنا أبو المِنهالِ قال: انطَلَقتُ مَعَ أبى إلى أبى بَرْزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ فقالَ له أبى: حَدِّثْنا كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى المَكتوبَةَ؟ قالَ: كان يُصَلِّى الهَجيرَ (^٣)، وهِىَ التي تَدعونَها الأُولَى، حينَ تَدحَضُ الشَّمسُ، ويُصَلِّى العَصرَ ثم يَرجِعُ أحَدُنا إلى أهلِه في أقصَى المَدينَةِ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ. ونَسيتُ ما قالَ في المَغرِبِ، قال: وكانَ يَستَحِبُّ أن يُؤَخِّرَ العِشاءَ. قال: وكانَ يَكرَهُ النَّومَ قَبلَها والحَديثَ بَعدَها.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢١١٤)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥١٧٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٨) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٣٨/ ٢١٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"الظهر\".","vol":"3","page":259},{"text":"قال: وكانَ يَنفَتِلُ مِن صَلاةِ الغَداةِ حينَ يَعرِفُ أحَدُنا جَليسَه، ويَقرأُ مِنَ السِّتّينَ إلى المِائَةِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبي المِنهالِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُؤَخِّرُ صَلاةَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: أخَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إلى قَريبٍ مِن شَطْرِ اللَّيلِ، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى بهِم وقالَ: \"إنَّكُم لَن تَزالوا في صَلاةِ ما انتَظَرتُموها، ولَولا كِبَرُ الكَبيرِ وضَعفُ الضَّعيفِ\". قال: وأَحسِبُه قال: \"وذو الحاجَةِ، لأَخَّرتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٤٩) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٩٧٦٧)، والنسائي (٥٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٦٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٩)، ومسلم (٦٤٧/ ٢٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٢٩)، والنسائي (٥٣٢) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٣/ ٢٢٦).","vol":"3","page":260},{"text":"إلى شَطرِ اللَّيلِ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ وغَيرُهُم عن داوُدَ (^٢). ورواه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن داودَ فقالَ: عن جابِرٍ. بَدَلَ: أبى سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا حَريزُ بنُ عثمانَ الرَّحَبِيُّ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ السَّكونِيِّ صاحِبِ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن مُعاذٍ قال: بَقَينا (^٤) رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِصَلاةِ العَتَمَةِ لَيلَةً، فتأَخَّرَ بها حَتَّى ظَنَّ الظّانُّ أن قَد صَلَّى، أو لَيسَ بخارِجٍ، ثم إنَّه خَرَجَ بَعدُ فقالَ له قائلٌ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، لَقَد ظَنَنّا أنَّكَ قَد صَلَّيتَ يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، أو لَستَ بخارِجٍ. فقالَ لَنا النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أعتِموا بهَذِه الصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّكُم قَد فُضِّلتُم بها على سائرِ الأُمَمِ، ولَم تُصَلِّها أُمَّةٌ قَبلَكُم\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٨٠) من طريق يحيى بن جعفر عن على بن عاصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٢) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأحمد (١١٠١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٤٥) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به. والنسائي (٥٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٣) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة ٢/ ٣٥٤ (٤٠٨٢)، وأبو يعلى (١٩٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٥٢٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) يعني: انتظرنا. كما في حاشية د.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣١٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٦٦)، وأبو داود (٤٢١) من طريق حريز به.","vol":"3","page":261},{"text":"يَزيدَ، سمِع ابنَ عباسٍ يَستَحِبُّ تأْخيرَ العِشاءِ ويَقرأُ ﴿وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ (^١) [هود: ١١٤].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-498>بابُ كَراهيَةِ النَّومِ قبلَ العِشاءِ حَتَّى يَتأَخَّرَ عن وقتِها، وكَراهيَةِ الحديثِ بَعدَها في غَيرِ خَيرٍ</span>\n\n٢١٥٢ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِيِّ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، عن أبي بَرزَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"أكرَهُ النَّومَ قَبلَها والحَديثَ بَعدَها\" يَعنِى صَلاةَ العِشاءِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٣ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ [عبدِ الرحمنِ] (^٤) الطّائفِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما نامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَبلَها، ولا سَمَرَ بَعدَها. يَعنِى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٢٨)، وسعيد بن منصور (١١٠٣ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٠٣٢).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢١٣١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤١)، ومسلم (٦٤٧/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦). وتقدم في (٢٠٧٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عامر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٠٢) من طريق أبى عامر به. وأحمد (٢٦٢٨٠) من طريق الطائفى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٧٦).","vol":"3","page":262},{"text":"٢١٥٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ وهو ابنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبي حَمزَةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نائمًا قبلَ العِشاءِ، ولا لاغِيًا (^١) بَعدَها، إمّا ذاكِرًا فيَغنَمُ، وإِمَّا نائمًا فيَسلَمُ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: جَدَبَ (^٣) لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - السَّمَرَ بعدَ صَلاةِ العَتَمَةِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عَمَّن سمِع ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا سَمَرَ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ إلا لِمُصَلٍّ أو مُسافِرٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في د، س، م: \"لاعبا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٩٣٦). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٨٧٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"حدث\". وجدب: أي ذم وعاب. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٤٠) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وأحمد (٣٦٨٦) من طريق عطاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٧٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢٤٤) من طريق سفيان به، وأيضًا في (٣٩١٧) من طريق منصور به، وفيه: خيثمة عن ابن مسعود.","vol":"3","page":263},{"text":"٢١٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا جَناحٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن رجلٍ (^١) جُعفِىٍّ سمِع عبدَ اللَّهِ [بنَ مَسعودٍ] (^٢) يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا سَمَرَ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ إلا لِمُصَلٍّ أو مُسافِرٍ\" (^٣). ورواه حَمَّادُ بنُ (^٤) شُعَيبٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأَخطأَ فيه. وقيل: عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، وهو خَطأٌ.\n\n٢١٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى عمرَ وهو بعَرَفَةَ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، جِئتُ مِنَ الكوفَةِ وتَرَكتُ بها رجلًا يُملِى المَصاحِفَ عن ظَهرِ قَلبِهِ. قالَ: فغَضِبَ عُمَرُ وانتَفَخَ حَتَّى كادَ يَملأُ ما بَينَ شُعبَتَىِ الرَّجُلِ (^٥) ثم قال: ويحَكَ مَن هوَ؟ قال: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ. فما زالَ يُطفِئُ ويُسِرُّ الغَضَبَ حَتَّى عادَ إلى حالِه التي كان عَلَيها، ثم قال: ويحَكَ واللهِ ما أعلَمُه بَقِىَ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ هو أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ مِنه، سأُحَدِّثُكَ عن ذَلِكَ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يَزالُ يَسمُرُ في الأمرِ مِن أمرِ المُسلِمينَ عِندَ أبى بكرٍ، وأَنَّه سَمَرَ عِندَه ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ وأَنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"من\".\n(^٢) ليس في د، س.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠٣) من طريق منصور عن خيثمة عن رجل من قومه به.\n(^٤) في م: \"عن\". وهو حماد بن شعيب، أبو شعيب التميمي، ضعفه البخاري وابن معين وأبو زرعة. ينظر: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٥، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٤٢، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٥١.\n(^٥) هكذا في النسخ، والمستدرك. وعند أحمد وابن خزيمة: \"شعبتى الرحل\". وشعبتا الرحل: شرخاه؛ وهما قادمته وآخرته. المغرب للمطرزى ١/ ٤٤٤.","vol":"3","page":264},{"text":"معه، ثم خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وخَرَجنا نَمشِى معه، فإِذا رجلٌ قائمٌ يُصلِّى في المَسجِدِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَمِعُ قراءتَه، فلَمّا أعيانا أن نَعرِفَ مَنِ الرَّجُلُ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن سَرَّه أن يَقرأَ القُرآنَ غَضًّا كما أُنزِلَ فليقرأْه على قراءةِ ابنِ أُمِّ عَبدٍ\". ثُمَّ جَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ يَدعو، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ له: \"سَلْ تُعطَهْ\". قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: فقُلتُ: لأَغدوَنَّ إلَيه فلأُبَشِّرَنَّه. قال: فغَدَوتُ إلَيه لأُبَشِّرَه، فوَجَدتُ أبا بكرٍ قَد سَبَقَنِى إلَيه فبَشَّرَه، وواللهِ ما سابَقتُه إلى خَيرٍ قَطُّ إلا سَبَقَنِى إلَيهِ (^١). هَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الأعمَشِ، وفِي ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على أن رِوايَةَ السَّمَرِ مِن عمرَ لا مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ، في (^٢) رِوايَةِ عَلقَمَةَ.\n\n٢١٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى عمرَ فقالَ: جِئتُكَ مِن عِندِ رجلٍ يُملِى المَصاحِفَ عن ظَهرِ قَلبِه. فذكَر بَعضَ الحديثِ، ثم قال عُمَرُ: سأُحَدِّثُكَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، إنّا سَمَرنا لَيلَةً في بَيتِ أبى بكرٍ في بَعضِ ما يَكونُ مِن حاجَةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. ثم ذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ بمَعناه. وفِي آخِرِه قال محمدٌ العَطّارُ لِلأَعمَشِ: ألَيسَ قال خَيثَمَةُ: إنَّ اسمَ الرَّجُلِ قَيسُ بنُ مَروانَ؟ قال: نَعَم، يُريدُ الرَّجُلَ الذي جاءَ إلى عُمَرَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٥)، والترمذي (١٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٦، ١٣٤١) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) في د: \"وفى\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣١٣.","vol":"3","page":265},{"text":"وهَذا الحديثُ لم يَسمَعْه عَلقَمَةُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن عمرَ، إنَّما رواه عن القَرثَعِ عن قَيسٍ عن عُمَرَ:\n\n٢١٦٠ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن القَرثَعِ، عن قَيسٍ أوِ ابنِ قَيسٍ رجلٍ مِن جُعْفِيٍّ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ قالَ: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا معه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وهو يَقرأُ. فذكَر القِصَّةَ بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قِصَّةَ السَّمَرِ (^١).\n\n٢١٦١ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو دَاوُدَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ حَتَّى أكثَرَ بالحديثِ، ثم رَجَعنا إلى أهلِنا، فلَمّا أصبَحنا غَدَونا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عُرِضَ عَلَىَّ الأنبياءُ بأُمَمِها وأَتباعِها مِن أُمَمِها\" (^٢). وذكَر الحديثَ بطولِهِ.\n\n٢١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٤٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٨٧، ٣٩٨٨) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"3","page":266},{"text":"عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرِ بنُ أبي حَثمَةَ (^١)، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ العشِاءِ في آخِرِ حَياتِه، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قامَ فقالَ: \"أرأَيتَكُم لَيلَتَكُم هَذِه؟ فإِنَّ علَى رأس مِائَةِ سنةٍ مِنها لا يَبقَى مِمَّن هو اليَومَ على ظَهرِ الأرضِ أحَدٌ\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ: فوَهَلَ (^٢) النّاسُ في مَقالَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى ما يَتَحَدَّثونَ مِن هَذِه الأحاديثِ، عن مِائَةِ سنةٍ، وإِنَّما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَبقَى مِمَّن هو اليَومَ على ظَهرِ الأرضِ أحَدٌ\". يُريدُ بذَلِكَ أنَّها تَخرِمُ (^٣) ذَلِكَ القَرنَ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-499>بابُ تَعجيلِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها أخبرَته، أن نِساءً مِنَ المُؤمِناتِ كُنَّ يَشهَدنَ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُتَلَفِّعاتٍ في مُروطِهِنَّ، ثم يَنقَلِبنَ إلى بُيوتِهِنَّ حينَ يَقضينَ الصَّلاةَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في س، د: \"خيثمة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٢٠٧ ترجمة \"عبد اللَّه بن عمر\".\n(^٢) وهل الناس: غلطوا أو توهموا أو فزعوا أو نسوا، والأول أقرب. فتح الباري ٢/ ٧٥.\n(^٣) تخرم: تقطع. وروى: تجرَّم ذلك القرن، أي: انقضى. النهاية ١/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٢٨) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٠١)، ومسلم (٢٥٣٧/ ٢١٧).","vol":"3","page":267},{"text":"يَعرِفُهُنَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ الغَلَسِ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنَّ نِساءٌ مِنَ المُؤمِناتِ يُصَلِّينَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ مُتَلَفِّعاتٍ بمُروطِهِنَّ، ثم يَرجِعنَ إلى أهلِهِنَّ، وما يَعرِفُهُنَّ أحَدٌ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنْ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ فيَنصَرِفنَ النِّساءُ مُتَلَفِّعاتٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٦)، والنسائي (٥٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٥٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٤٥/ ٢٣٠).","vol":"3","page":268},{"text":"بمُروطِهِنَّ ما يُعرَفنَ مِنَ الغَلَسِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن نَصرِ بنِ عليٍّ عن مَعنٍ، جَميعًا عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٦ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوهَّابِ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الوُحَاظِيُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ، فيَنصَرِفُ ونِساءُ المُؤمِنينَ مُتَلَفِّعاتٌ بمُروطِهِنَّ لا يُعرَفنَ مِنَ الغَلَسِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ موسَى عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن سَيّارِ بنِ سَلامَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وأَبِى على أبى بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ فقالَ له أبى: أخبِرنا كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى المَكتوبَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: وكانَ يَنفَتِلُ مِن الصلاةِ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ حينَ يَعرِفُ الرَّجُلُ جَليسَه، وكانَ يَقرأُ بالسِّتّينَ إلى المِائَةِ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٣٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٧٤، ومالك ١/ ٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٣) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٦٧)، ومسلم (٦٤٥/ ٢٣٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٧)، وفيه: \"أحمد بن محمد بن عبد الوهاب\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٢٢) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٧٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٢١٤٧) من طريق يحيى القطان عن عوف.","vol":"3","page":269},{"text":"مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي المِنهالِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَسَنٍ قال: كان الحَجّاجُ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ، فسأَلتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعَصرَ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ، والمَغرِبَ إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، والعِشاءَ إذا رأَى في النّاسِ قِلَّةً أخَّرَ، وإِذا رأَى فيهِم كَثرَةً عَجَّلَ، والصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ (^٣). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصَّحيحَينِ\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِى بَشيرُ بنُ أبي مَسعودٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: ثم صلَّى الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ، ثم صَلَّاها يَومًا فأَسفَرَ بها، ثم لم يَعُدْ إلى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٤٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦١، ٦٤٧/ ٢٣٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢١٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٦٩)، وأبو داود (٣٩٧)، والنسائي (٥٢٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٠، ٥٦٥)، ومسلم (٦٤٦).","vol":"3","page":270},{"text":"الإِسفارِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّارُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَطاءٍ المُقرِئُ الجَلَّابُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وزَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ تَسَحَّرا، فلَمّا فرَغا مِن سَحورِهِما قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى الصَّلاةِ فصَلَّى. قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: كم كان بَينَ فراغِهِما مِن سَحورِهِما ودُخولِهِما في الصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ: قَدرُ ما يَقرأُ الرَّجُلُ خَمسينَ آيَةً (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ عن رَوحٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ حدَّثه، أنَّه تَسَحَّر مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: ثم خَرَجتُ إلى الصَّلاةِ. قال أنَسٌ: فقُلتُ لِزَيدٍ: كَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٥٢) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٧٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (١١٣٤) من طريق روح به. وأحمد (١٢٧٣٩)، والنسائي (٢١٥٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٦).","vol":"3","page":271},{"text":"كان بَينَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: قَدرُ خَمسينَ أو سِتّينَ آيَةً (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ عن هَمَّامٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: عن زَيدٍ أنَّهُم تَسَحَّروا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - ثم قاموا إلى الصَّلاةِ. ورواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عن هَمَّامٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثنى أخِى أبو بكرٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن أبي حازِمِ، أنَّه سمِع سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: كُنتُ أتَسَحَّرُ في أهلِى ثم أُبَكِّرُ سُرْعَةَ أن أُدرِكَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ يقولُ: حدثنا نَهيكُ بنُ يَرِيمَ، حدَّثَنى مُغيثُ بنُ سُمَيٍّ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، فصَلَّى بغَلَسٍ، وكانَ يُسفِرُ بها، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ: ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ؟ وهو إلى جانِبِى فقالَ: هَذِه صَلاتُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ -، فلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُمَرُ أسفَرَ بها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦١٦) من طريق همام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٥)، ومسلم (١٠٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٤٢) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧٧).","vol":"3","page":272},{"text":"عثمانُ (^١). وفِي كِتابِ \"العلل\" لأبِى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ: حَديثُ الأوزاعِىِّ عن نَهيكِ بنِ يَرِيمَ في التَّغليسِ بالفَجرِ حَديثٌ حَسنٌ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣) الهُّذَلِىِّ أن عمرَ كَتَبَ إلى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ: كَتَبتُ إلَيكَ في الصَّلاةِ وأَحَقِّ ما تَعاهَدَ المُسلِمونَ مِن دينِهِم، وقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَيفَ كان يُصَلِّى، حَفِظتُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما حَفِظتُ، ونَسيتُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما نَسيتُ، فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ بالهاجِرَةِ، وصَلَّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ حَيَّةٌ، والمَغرِبَ حينَ حَلَّ فِطرُ الصّائمِ، والعِشاءَ ما لم يَخَفْ رُقادَ النّاسِ، والصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ، وأَطال (^٤) فيها القراءةَ (^٥).\n\n٢١٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥٩/ ٤٥٢ من طريق المصنف به. وابن ماجه (٦٧١) من طريق الأوزاعى.\n(^٢) لم نجده فيما بين أيدينا من علل الترمذي، وأخرجه ابن عساكر في الموضع السابق.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عمر\".\n(^٤) في س، د: \"أطل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه - كما في المطالب (٢٨٣)، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة (١١٣٤) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"3","page":273},{"text":"الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ حَيّانَ الأسَدِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ الأودِيَّ يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطاب صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، ولَو أنَّ ابنِى مِنِّى ثَلاثَةَ أذرُعٍ لم أعرِفْه إلا أن يَتَكَلَّمَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: قال الشافعيُّ: أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ، عن حِبّانَ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: أتَيتُ عَليًّا وهو مُعَسْكِرٌ (^٢) بدَيرِ أبى موسَى، فوَجَدتُه يَطعَمُ فقالَ: ادنُ فكُلْ. فقُلتُ: إنَّى أُريدُ الصَّومَ. قال: وأَنا أُريدُه. فدَنَوتُ فأَكَلتُ، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: يا ابنَ النَّبّاحِ (^٣)، أقِمِ الصَّلاةَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ حَفصٍ خالُ (^٥) النُّفَيلِيِّ قال: قَرأْنا على مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان يُصَلِّى بنا الصُّبحَ حينَ يَطلُعُ الفَجرُ، والمَغرِبَ حينَ تَغرُبُ الشَّمسُ، ثم يقولُ: هَذِه صَلاتُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة ٢/ ٢١١ (٣٢٥٢)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٠٥٠) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"بعسكر\". وفي حاشيتها: \"صوابه معسكر\". وفي س، د: \"بمعسكر\".\n(^٣) في م: \"التياح\". وقال ابن ماكولا: أبو النباح عامر بن النباح مؤذن على ﵁. الإكمال ٧/ ٣٣٠. وينظر تاج العرومى ٧/ ١٦١ (ن ب ح). وتقدم في ص ٧٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٣٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٦٥. وأخرجه مسدد كما في المطالب العالية (١١٠٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٥) في م: \"قال\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٤٥ من طريق سعيد بن حفص به.","vol":"3","page":274},{"text":"٢١٧٨ - ورُوِّينا عن الفَرافِصَةِ (^١) بنِ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه قال: ما أخَذتُ سورَةَ \"يوسُفَ\" إلا مِن قراءةِ عثمانَ إيّاها في الصُّبحِ، مِن كَثرَةِ ما كان يُرَدِّدُها. أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ، أن الفَرافِصَةَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ قال. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه كان يَدخُلُ فيها مُغَلِّسًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-500>بابٌ: خَيرُ أعمالِكُم الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n٢١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الجَعدِ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"استَقيموا، ولَن تُحصُوا، واعلَموا أن خَيرَ أعمالِكُم الصَّلاةُ، ولَن يُحافِظَ على الوُضوءِ إلا مُؤمِنٌ\" (^٣). تابَعَه أبو كَبشَةَ السَّلولِىُّ عن ثَوبانَ (^٤)، ورواه لَيثٌ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٥)، وروِى عن أبي أُمامَةَ يَرفَعُه (^٦). قال الشافعيُّ (^٧): والصَّلاةُ المُقَدَّمَةُ مِن أعلَى أعمالِ بنى آدَمَ. وذكَر ما مَضَى مِنَ الحديثِ عن\n_________\n(^١) ذكره في الإكمال ٧/ ٦٣ بفتح الفاء الأولى، ثم ذكر في ٧/ ٦٤ قول ابن حبيب: كل اسم في العرب فرافصة فهو مضموم الفاء إلا الفرافصة - رجل - وهو ابن الأحوص بن عمرو بن ثعلبة. وذكر ابن حجر في التبصير ٣/ ١٠٧١ أن قول ابن حبيب مختص بأهل الجاهلية. وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٧/ ٦٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١١٩٥)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٧، ومالك ١/ ٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٧٨)، والدارمى (٦٨١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٣٣)، والدارمى (٦٨٢) من طريق أبى كبشة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٨) من طريق ليث به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٤٧: سالم لم يلق ثوبان، وليث لين.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٩).\n(^٧) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٧٤.","vol":"3","page":275},{"text":"النبي - ﷺ - حينَ سُئلَ أىُّ الأعمالِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"الصَّلاةُ في أوَّلِ وقتِها\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-501>بابُ الإِسفارِ بالفَجرِ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ طُلوعُ الفَجرِ الآخِرِ مُعتَرِضًا</span>\n\n٢١٨٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَخْتَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أسفِروا بالفَجرِ فإِنَّه أعظَمُ لِلأَجرِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-502>بابُ إعادَةِ صَلاةِ مَنِ افتَتَحَها قبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ الآخِر</span>\n\n٢١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ المُقرِئُ الهَرَوِىُّ (^٣) بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحسنِ النَّقاشُ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِيُّ، حدثنا عمرٌو النّاقِدُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١٤، ٢٠٦٧، ٢٠٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨١٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٩٠) من طريق يزيد به، والترمذي (١٥٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال: حسن صحيح. وأبو داود (٤٢٤)، والنسائي (٥٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٦٧٢)، وابن حبان (١٤٨٩) من طريق عاصم بن عمر به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٤٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن القاسم أبو أسامة المحدث المقرئ الهروى، تلا على السامَرِّى وأبى الطيب ابن غلبون، حدث بمكة وبدمشق، قال أبو عمرو الدانى: رأيته يقرئ بمكة، وربما أملى الحديث من حفظه، فقلب الأسانيد، وغير المتون. توفى سنة (٤١٧ هـ). ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٦٤، وغاية النهاية ٢/ ٨٦، ٨٧.","vol":"3","page":276},{"text":"\"الفَجرُ فجرانِ: فجرٌ يَحرُمُ فيه الطَّعامُ، وتَحِلُّ فيه الصَّلاةُ، وفَجرٌ يَحِلُّ فيه الطَّعامُ وتَحرُمُ فيه الصَّلاةُ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ صَلَّى بهِمُ الصُّبحَ بلَيلٍ فأَعادَ بهِمُ الصَّلاةَ، ثم صَلَّى بهِم فأَعادَ بهِمُ الصَّلاةَ، ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٢). ورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-503>بابُ صَلاةِ الوُسطَى، وقَولِ مِن قال: هِىَ الظُّهرُ</span>\n\n٢١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ أبى حَكيمٍ، عن الزِّبْرِقانِ، عن عُروةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى بالهَجيرِ - أو بالهاجِرَةِ - وكانَت أثقَلَ الصَّلاةِ على أصحابِه فنَزَلَت: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. قال: لأَنَّ قَبلَها صَلاتَينِ وبَعدَها صَلاتَينِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٌ وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٧١) من طريق ابن سيرين قال: نبئت أن أبا موسى. فذكره.\n(^٣) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٧٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٤٨٢١) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٦٧ من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"3","page":277},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ عن شُعبَةَ، وقالا في الحديث: الظُّهرَ بالهاجِرَةِ (^١).\n\n٢١٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزِّبرِقانِ، عن زُهرَةَ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فأَرسَلوا إلى أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ فسأَلوه عن الصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى فقالَ: هِىَ الظُّهرُ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّيها بالهَجيرِ (^٢). ورواه غَيرُه عن أبي داودَ، فزادَ فيه: فقالَ يَعنِى زَيدًا: هِىَ الظُّهرُ. فأَرسَلوا إلى أُسامَةَ (^٣). ورواه غَيرُه عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ عن الزِّبرِقانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمرِيِّ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأُسامَةَ نَحوَه (^٤).\n\n٢١٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ البَصْرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ زُهرَةُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، أن ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ حدَّثه، أنَّه كان قاعِدًا وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، فقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يقولُ: صَلاةُ الوُسطَى هِىَ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ. قال: فمَرَّ عَلَينا ابنُ عمرَ فقالَ عُروَةُ: أرسِلوا إلى ابنِ عمرَ فسَلوه. فأَرسَلنا إلَيه غُلامًا فسأَلَه، ثم جاءَ الرَّسولُ فقالَ: هِىَ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ. فشَكَكنا في قَولِ الغُلامِ، فقُمْنا جَميعًا فذَهَبْنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤١١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٥٧) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٩٧).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٦٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٣/ ٤٣٤، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٦١) كلاهما عن عمرو بن على عن أبي داود الطيالسي به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٥٦).","vol":"3","page":278},{"text":"إلى ابنِ عمرَ فسأَلناه، فقالَ: هِىَ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ (^١).\n\n٢١٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّه قال: الصَّلاةُ الوُسطَى صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-504>بابُ مَن قال: هِىَ صلاةُ العَصرِ</span>\n\n٢١٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنى شَقيقُ بنُ عُقبَةَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنى البَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ قال: نَزَلَت (حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وصَلاةِ العَصرِ) فقَرأْناها على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن نَقرأَها ثم قال: إنَّ اللَّهَ نَسَخَها فأَنْزَلَ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فقالَ له رجلٌ: أهِىَ صَلاةُ العَصرِ؟ فقالَ: قَد أخْبَرتُكَ كَيفَ نَزَلَت وكَيفَ نَسَخَها اللَّهُ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ عن الفُضيلِ، إلا أنَّه قال: فقالَ رجلٌ: هِىَ إذن صَلاةُ العَصرِ؟ فقالَ البَراءُ: قَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٣٦٠ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٦٧ عن ابن مرزوق به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٣٥٩ من طريق عفان به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٧٣) من طريق فضيل به.","vol":"3","page":279},{"text":"أخبَرتُكَ كَيفَ نَزَلَت، وكَيفَ نَسَخَها اللهُ تَعالَى (^١). قالَ مسلمٌ (^٢): ورواه الأشجَعِىُّ.\n\n٢١٨٨ - يَعنِى كما أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشافعيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قالَ: قَرأْناها مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَمانًا: (حافِظوا على الصَّلَواتِ وصَلاةِ العَصرِ) ثم قَرأْناها بَعدُ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فلا أدرِى أهِىَ هِىَ أم لا (^٣)؟\n\n٢١٨٩ - أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي الوَزيرِ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرَّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثنى هِشامُ بنُ حَسَّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ السَّلْمانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الخَندَقِ فقالَ: \"مَلأَ اللَّهُ بُيوتَهُم وقُبورَهُم نارًا كما شَغَلونا عن الصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى حَتَّى غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، وهِىَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٣٠).\n(^٢) مسلم عقب (٦٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠٤١) من طريق ابن أبي الليث به.","vol":"3","page":280},{"text":"صَلاةُ العَصرِ\" (^١). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٩٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصْرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الصَّنعانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ بنِ جُعْشُمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن شُتَيْر بنِ شَكَلٍ العَبْسِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يقولُ: لمَّا كان يَومُ الأحزابِ صَلَّينا العَصرَ ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"شَغَلونا عن صَلاةِ الوُسطَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ، مَلأَ اللهُ قُبورَهَم وأَجوافَهُم نارًا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٩١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: قيلَ لِرَجُلٍ: سَلْ عليًّا عن صَلاةِ الوُسطَى. فَسأَلَه فقالَ: كُنّا نَرَى أنَّها صَلاةُ الفَجرِ حَتَّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الأحزابِ يقولُ: \"شَغَلونا عن صَلاةِ الوُسطَى العَصرِ، حَتَّى غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، مَلأَ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٩٤)، ومسلم (٦٢٧)، وأبو داود (٤٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٣٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٣٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٦) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٥٨، ١١٠٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٣٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (٣٢٣٢، ٣٢٣٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٢٧/ ٢٠٥).","vol":"3","page":281},{"text":"قُبورَهُم وأَجوافَهُم نارًا\" (^١).\n\n٢١٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ وعَونُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن زُبَيدٍ اليامِيِّ، عن مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ يَومَ الخَندَقِ: \"شَغَلونا عن صَلاةِ الوُسطَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ، مَلأَ اللهُ أجوافَهُم وقُبورَهُم نارًا\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَونِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّام، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الوُسطَى صَلاةُ العَصرِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٦٠) من طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٣٦)، وابن حبان (١٧٤٥) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧١٦)، والترمذي (١٨١، ٢٩٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٨٦) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٥٥) عن عفان به. والترمذي (٢٩٨٣) من طريق قتادة به. وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"3","page":282},{"text":"عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُنادِى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الوُسطَى صَلاةُ العَصرِ\" (^١). كذا رُوِى بهَذا الإسنادُ.\nخالَفَه غَيرُه، فرواه عن التَّيمِىِّ مَوقوفًا على أبى هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٢١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصْرِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثَنى سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n٢١٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن التَّيمِىِّ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: قال أبى: لَيسَ هو أبو صالِحٍ السَّمّانُ ولا باذامُ، هذا بَصْرِىٌّ أُراه ميزانٌ. يَعنِى: اسمُه ميزانٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا قَولُ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ في أصَحِّ الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه، وقَولُ أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ وأَبِى أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ وأَبِى هريرةَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وإِحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن ابنِ عمرَ وابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وعائشَةَ - ﵃ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٣٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدمياطى في كشف المغطى (٤٣) من طريق إبراهيم به، وابن أبى شيبة ٣/ ٥٨٥ (٨٧٠٥) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٣) علل أحمد (١١٨٦).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢١٩١، ٢١٩٥، ٢١٩٧، ٢٢٠١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨٦٨٦، =","vol":"3","page":283},{"text":"ورُوِى عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، وهو مِنَ التابِعينَ (^١): أنَّها صَلاةُ المَغرِبِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-505>بابُ مَن قال: هِىَ الصُّبحُ</span>\nوإِلَيه مالَ الشافعيُّ رحِمه اللهُ تَعالَى (^٣).\n\n٢١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أن عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كانا يَقولانَ: الصَّلاةُ الوُسطَى صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ رأْيِي (^٤).\n\n٢١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليلِ، عن جابرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَبَّاسِ قال: صَلاةُ الوُسطَى صَلاةُ الفَجرِ (^٥).\n_________\n= ٨٦٨٩ - ٨٦٩٢، ٨٧٠٤ - ٨٧٠٦)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ٣٦٦.\n(^١) قبيصة بن ذؤيب أبو سعيد الخزاعي المدنى ثم الدمشقى، ولد عام الفتح سنة ثمان بعد وفاة أبيه ذؤيب بن حلحلة صاحب بدن النبي - ﷺ -، ودعا له النبي - ﷺ -، ولم يع هو ذلك. روى عن كثير من الصحابة. توفى سنة ست أو سبع أو ثمان وثلاثين. سير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٣٦٧.\n(^٣) ينظر السنن الصغرى (٣٠٧)، ومعرفة السنن (٦٤٤).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٣٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٧٠ عن ابن مرزوق به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٣٦٧ من طريق عفان به.","vol":"3","page":284},{"text":"٢١٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحسنُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ السَّمْحِ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ تَمّامٍ، حدثنا أبو الأشهَبِ وسَلْمُ بنُ زَريرٍ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ قال: صَلَّى بنا ابنُ عباسٍ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ وهو أميرٌ على البَصرَةِ، فقَنَتَ قبلَ الرُّكوعِ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى لَو أن رجلًا بَينَ يَدَيه لَرأَى بَياضَ إبطَيه، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: هَذِه الصَّلاةُ التي ذَكَرَها اللَّهُ ﷿ في كِتابِه: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. وكَذَلِكَ رواه عَوفٌ عن أبي رَجاءٍ.\n\n٢٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ (^١) بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن عَوفٍ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا ابنُ عباسٍ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، فقَنَت قبلَ الرُّكوعِ، فلمَّا انصَرَفَ قال: هَذِه صَلاةُ الوُسطَى التي قال اللَّهُ ﷿ فيها: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٣٨].\n\n٢٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا داوُدُ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٣٦٧، ٣٦٨. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٧٠ من طريق عوف به.","vol":"3","page":285},{"text":"عمرَ قال: الصَّلاةُ الوُسطَى الصُّبحُ (^١). ورُوِّيناه أيضًا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، واحتَجَّ بما احتَجَّ به ابنُ عباسٍ. وهو قَولُ عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٠٢ - ومَن قال به احتَجَّ بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي يونُسَ مَولَى عائشةَ، أنه قال: أمَرَتنِى عائشَةُ - ﵂ - أن أكتُبَ لها مُصحَفًا، ثم قالَت: إذا بَلَغتَ هَذِه الآيَةَ فآذِنِّى: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فلَمَّا بَلَغتُها آذَنتُها، فأَملَت عَلَىَّ (حافِظوا على الصَّلَواتِ والصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى وصَلاةِ العَصرِ وقوموا للَّهِ قانِتينَ). وقالَت عائشَةُ: سَمِعتُها مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤). وفيه دِلالَةٌ على أن الوُسطَى غَيرُ العَصرِ.\n\n٢٢٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عمرِو بنِ رافِعٍ، أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أكتُبُ مُصحَفًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٩٧ - تفسير) عن داود به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ٣٦٧، وتفسير ابن جرير ٤/ ٣٧٠، وتفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٢/ ٤٤٨، وكف المغطى للدمياطى ص ١٢٣.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٣٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٤٤٨)، وأبو داود (٤١٠)، والترمذي (٢٩٨٢)، والنسائي (٤٧١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٢٩).","vol":"3","page":286},{"text":"لِحَفصةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إذا بَلَغتَ هَذِه الآيَةَ فآذِنِّى: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فلَمّا بَلَغتُها آذَنتُها، فأَملَت عَلَىَّ: (حَافِظُوا على الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى وصَلاةِ العَصرِ وقوموا للَّهِ قانِتينَ) (^١).\n\n٢٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أمَرَت حَفصَةُ بمُصحَفٍ يُكتَبُ لها، فقالَت لِلَّذِى يَكتُبُ: إذا أتَيتَ على ذِكرِ الصَّلاةِ فذَرْ مَوضِعَها حَتَّى أُعلِمَكَ ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ. [ففَعَلَ فكَتَبَ] (^٢): (حَافِظُوا على الصَّلَواتِ والصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى وصَلاةِ العَصرِ). قال نافِعٌ: فرأَيتُ الواوَ مُعَلَّقَةً (^٣). وهَذا مُسنَدٌ إلا أن فيه إرسالًا مِن جِهَةِ نافِعٍ، ثم أكَّدَه بما أخبرَ عن رُؤيَتِه، وحَديثُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عمرٍو الكاتِبِ مَوصولٌ وإِنْ كان مَوقوفًا، فهوَ شاهِدٌ لِصِحَّةِ رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ عن نافِعٍ.\n\n٢٢٠٥ - وقَد رواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ هو محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، ونافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، كِلاهُما عن عمرَ بنِ رافِعٍ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، قال: كُنتُ أكتُبُ المَصاحِفَ في زَمانِ أزواجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فاستَكتَبَنِى\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٣٩. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ١٦٥ عن ابن بكير به.\n(^٢) في د: \"فكتبت\"، وفي م: \"ففعل فكتبت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه إسماعيل بن إسحاق كما في التمهيد ٣/ ١١٨ من طريق حماد به.","vol":"3","page":287},{"text":"حَفصَةُ بنتُ عمرَ مُصحَفًا لها، فقالَت لِي: أىْ بُنَىَّ إذا انتَهَيتَ إلى هَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فلا تَكتُبْها حَتَّى تأْتيَنِى فأُمِلَّها (^١) عَلَيكَ كما حَفِظتُها مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فلَمَّا انتَهَيتُ إلَيها حَمَلتُ الوَرَقَةَ والدَّواةَ حَتَّى جِئتُها فقالَت: اكتُبْ: (حَافِظُوا على الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى؛ هي صَلاةِ العَصرِ وقوموا للَّهِ قانِتينَ). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). فخالَفَ رِوايَةَ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ في الإسناد والمَتنِ جَميعًا، حَيثُ قال: عن عمرَ بنِ رافِعٍ. وإِنَّما هو عمرُو بنُ رافِعٍ، وعُمَرُ لا يَصِحُّ، قالَه البخاريُّ (^٣)، وحَيثُ قال: هِىَ صَلاةُ العَصرِ، وإِنَّما هو: وصَلاةِ العَصرِ. وقَد خولِفَ إسنادُ حَديثِ عائشةَ أيضًا في مَتنِه، والصَّحيحُ ما ذَكَرناه، وقَد رُوِى بوِفاقِهِ.\n\n٢٢٠٦ - ورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ إنَّه قرأَ: (حَافِظُوا على الصَّلَواتِ والصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى وصَلاةِ العَصرِ). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فأمليها\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: بتشديد اللام وكسر الميم.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ٨٦ من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وأبو يعلى (٧١٢٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٣٠.","vol":"3","page":288},{"text":"وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عُميْرِ (^١) بنِ يَريِمَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ بذَلِكَ.\nوقَد جاءَ الكِتابُ ثم السُّنَّةُ بتَخصيصِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بزيادِةِ الفَضيلَةِ.\n\n٢٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ يقولُ: \"يَجتَمِعُ مَلائكَةُ اللَّيلِ ومَلائكَةُ النَّهارِ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ\". ثم يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا﴾ (^٢) [الإسراء: ٧٨]. مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى العِشاءَ فى جَماعَةٍ كان كَقيامِ نِصفِ لَيلَةٍ، ومَن صَلَّى الفَجرَ في جَماعَةٍ كان كَقيامِ لَيلَةٍ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"هبيرة\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٤٩/ عقب ٢٤٦).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أخرى\".\nوالحديث أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٤٩)، والدارمى (١٢٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٧٣) من طريق أبى =","vol":"3","page":289},{"text":"وجهَينِ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^١).\n\n٢٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ سُفيانَ العَلَقِىِّ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صَلَّى الصُّبحَ فهوَ في ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فانظُرْ يا ابنَ آدَمَ، لا يَطلُبَنَّكَ اللَّهُ بشَئٍ مِن ذِمَّتِه\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيْبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٣).\n\n٢٢١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عُروةَ (^٤) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ، حدثنا أبو السَّرِىِّ موسَى بنُ الحسنِ (^٥) النَّسائيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ جُندُبَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فهوَ في ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ، فلا يَطلُبَنَّكُم اللهُ مِن ذِمَّتِه\n_________\n= نعيم به. وابن حبان (٢٠٥٩) من طريق أبى نعيم أيضًا مع خلاف في لفظه، وسيأتي في (٥٠٢٧) من طريق أبى نعيم وغيره، وقد ذكر المصنف الخلاف في ألفاظه هناك.\n(^١) مسلم (٦٥٦/ ٢٦٠).\n(^٢) أبو جعفر الرزاز (٢٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨١٤)، والترمذي (٢٢٢) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٥٧/ ٢٦٢).\n(^٤) إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن على بن عروة أبو القاسم المعروف بابن عروة البندار، قال الخطيب: كتبت عنه، وكان صدوقًا. توفي سنة (٤٢٣ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٣١٣، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ١٠٣.\n(^٥) في د: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٧٨.","vol":"3","page":290},{"text":"بشَئٍ، فإِنَّه مَن يَطلُبْه بشَئٍ يُدرِكْه فيَكُبَّه في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ عليٍّ عن بشرٍ (^٢).\nوقَد جاءَ الكِتابُ ثم السُّنَّةُ بزيادَةِ فضيلَةِ الصُّبحِ والعَصرِ جَميعًا.\n\n٢٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاق الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ قال: قال لِي جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ: كُنّا عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إذ نَظَرَ إلى القَمَرِ لَيلَةَ البَدرِ فقالَ: \"أما إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ رَبَّكُم كما تَرَونَ هذا، لا تُضامّونَ - أو لا تُضاهونَ - في رُؤيَتِه، فإِنِ استَطَعتُم ألَّا تُغلَبوا على صَلاةٍ قبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وقَبلَ غُروبِها فافعَلوا\". ثم قال: \"فسَبِّح (^٣) بحَمدِ رَبِّكَ قبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وقَبلَ الغُروبِ\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٢١٢ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٢٧٦)، والطبراني (١٦٨٣) من طريق بشر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٥٧/ ٢٦١).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وتقدم التعليق على ذلك في (١٧٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٧) من طريق يحيى به. وأبو داود (٤٧٢٩)، والترمذي (٢٥٥١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧) من طريق إسماعيل به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٧٣)، ومسلم (٦٣٣).","vol":"3","page":291},{"text":"ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المَلائكَةُ يَتَعاقَبونَ فيكُم؛ مَلائكَةٌ باللَّيلِ ومَلائكَةٌ بالنَّهارِ، يَجتَمِعونَ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ وصَلاةِ العَصرِ، ثم يَعرُجُ إلَيه (^١) الَّذينَ باتوا فيكُم، فيَسأَلُهُم، وهو أعلمُ بهِم: كَيفَ تَرَكتُم عِبادِىَ؟ قالوا: تَرَكْناهُم وهُم يُصَلُّونَ وأَتَيناهُم وهُم يُصَلُّونَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٢١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جارودِ بنِ دينارٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ (^٦)، عن أبي بكرِ [ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قَيسٍ] (^٧)، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٢٠) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٣٦)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٨٩٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٣٢)، والبخاري (٥٥٥، ٣٢٢٣).\n(^٥) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٦) في س: \"حمزة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٣٦٢.\n(^٧) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"3","page":292},{"text":"صَلَّى البَردَينِ دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً سنةَ ثَلاثٍ وثَلاثينَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ العَوَقِيُّ (^٢) وهُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ قالا: حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبيه، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلِّى البَردَينِ دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٤)، إلا أنَّهُما لم يَنسِبا أبا بكرٍ عن هُدبَةَ، ونَسَباه عن غَيرِه (^٥)، وهو أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، واسمُ أبى موسَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ قَيسٍ.\n\n٢٢١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفقيهُ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّوّافُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسنِ يَعنِى أبا شعَيبٍ الحَرّنِيَّ، حدثنا عفان، حدثنا همّام، عن أبي جَمرَة، عن أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى البَردَينِ دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٦). قالَ أبو شُعَيبٍ: قال بَعضُ النَّحويّينَ: غُدوَةً وعَشيًّا. قال: وأبو بكرٍ هذا يُقالُ: إنَّه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عُمارَةَ بنِ رُوَيبَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٤٠). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٤٦٥) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"العوفى\" بالفاء. وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٥٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه الروياني (٥١٥) من طريق محمد بن سنان به. وعبد الله في زوائد المسند (١٦٧٣٠) عن هدبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧٤)، ومسلم (٦٣٥/ ٢١٥)، ووردت نسبة أبى بكر في بعض نسخ البخاري.\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٥٧٤)، ومسلم (٦٣٥/. . .).\n(^٦) أخرجه الرامهرمزى في الأمثال (١٢٧) عن أبي شعيب به.","vol":"3","page":293},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: والَّذِى رواه عنه أبو جَمرَةَ هو أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى موسَى. وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عُمارَةَ أيضًا قَد رواه بمَعناه.\n\n٢٢١٧ - وهو فيما أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ (^١) ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عُمارَةَ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ رُوَيبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَلِجُ النّارَ مَن صَلَّى قبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وقَبلَ غُروبِها\". وعِندَه رجلٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ فقالَ: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم، أشهَدُ به عَلَيهِ. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: وأَنا أشهَدُ لَقَد سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ [في المَكانِ] (^٢) الذي سَمِعتَه مِنه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى خالِدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) على بن عبد الله بن إبراهيم أبو الحسن العيسوى الهاشمى، ولى قضاء المدينة للمنصور، وثقه الخطيب، وقال الذهبي: العلامة الصدوق. توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٢١.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بالمكان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٢٧)، والنسائي (٤٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٣٤/ ٢١٣، ٢١٤).","vol":"3","page":294},{"text":"٢٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^١) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن داودَ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبي حَربٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، عن أبيه قالَ: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ فيما عَلَّمَنِى أن قال: \"حافِظْ على الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ\". قُلتُ: إنَّ هَذِه ساعاتٌ لِيَ فيها أشغالٌ، فمُرنِى بأَمرٍ جامِعٍ إذا أنا فعَلتُه أجزأَ عَنِّى. قالَ: \"حافِظْ على العَصرَينِ\". وما كانَت مِن لُغَتِنا قُلتُ: وما العَصرانِ؟ قال: \"صَلاةٌ قبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، وصَلاةٌ قبلَ غُروبِها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأَنَّه أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ: حافِظْ عَلَيهِنَّ في أوائلِ أوقاتِهِنَّ، فاعتَذَرَ بالأَشغالِ المُفضيَةِ إلى تأْخيرِها عن أوائلِ أوقاتِهِنَّ، فأَمَرَه بالمُحافَظَةِ على هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ بتَعجيلِهِما في أوَّلِ وقتَيهِما. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) أبو جعفر الرزاز (٦٨٧)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٤١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٨) عن عمرو بن عون به.","vol":"3","page":295},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-506>جِماعُ أبوابِ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-507>بابُ تَحويلِ القِبلَةِ مِن بَيتِ المَقدِسِ إلى الكعبَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ (^١) السَّرّاجُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - قال: بَينَما الناسُ بقُباءٍ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٢) إذ أتاهُم آتٍ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد أُنزِلَ عليه اللَّيلَةَ قُرآنٌ، وقَد أُمِرَ أن يَستَقبِلَ الكَعبَةَ، فاستَقبِلوها. وكانَت وُجوهُهُم إلى الشَّامِ، فاستَداروا إلى الكَعبَةِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"إسحاق\".\n(^٢) في س: \"العصر\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٥٥). والشافعي ١/ ٩٤. ومالك ١/ ١٩٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٣٤)، والنسائي (٤٩٢، ٧٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤٣٥). وسيأتي في (٢٢٧٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤٩٤)، ومسلم (٥٢٦/ ١٣).","vol":"3","page":296},{"text":"إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قالَ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ فصَلَّى نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ (^١) أو سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، وكانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُحِبُ أن يوَجَّهَ نَحوَ الكَعبَةِ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٤]. فمَرَّ رجلٌ كان يُصَلِّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - على قَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُصَلّونَ وهُم رُكوعٌ نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد وُجِّهَ إلى الكَعبَةِ. فتَحَرَّفوا نَحوَ (^٢) الكَعبَةِ، فقالَ السُّفَهاءُ مِنَ النّاسِ وهُمُ اليَهودُ: ﴿مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا﴾. قالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ١٤٢]. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^٥) بنِ الحسنِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى قِبَلَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا أو سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، وكانَ يُعجِبُه أن تَكونَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"شهرًا\".\n(^٢) في س: \"إلى\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٢٥ - ٦٢٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٠٧)، والترمذي (٣٤٠، ٢٩٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٤٣٣) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٩٩)، ومسلم (٥٢٥/ ١١، ١٢).\n(^٥) في س: \"سليمان\". وقد تقدم في ١/ ١٠٦.","vol":"3","page":297},{"text":"قِبلَتُه قِبَلَ البَيتِ، وأَنَّه صَلَّى صَلاةَ العَصرِ وصَلَّى معه قَومٌ، فخَرَجَ رجلٌ مِمَّن كان صَلَّى معه، فمَرَّ على أهلِ مَسجِدٍ وهُم راكِعونَ، فقالَ: أشهَدُ باللهِ لَقَد صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قِبَلَ مَكَّةَ. فدارُوا كما هُمْ قِبَلَ البَيتِ (^١).\n\n٢٢٢٢ - وبِإِسنادِه عن البَراءِ قال: قيلَ: هذا (^٢) الَّذينَ ماتوا قبلَ أن تُحَوَّلَ إلى الكَعبَةِ (^٣)، ورِجال قُتِلوا، فلَم نَدرِ ما نَقولُ فيهِم. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ١٤٣]. رَواهُما البخاريُّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سليمانَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ والكَعبَةُ بَينَ يَدَيه وبَعدَ ما تَحَوَّلَ إلى المَدينَةِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، ثم صَرَفَه اللهُ تعالَى إلى الكَعبَةِ (^٦).\n\n٢٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٧)، ودلائل النبوة ٢/ ٥٧٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٩٦) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والمهذب ١/ ٤٥٥، وفى الصغرى: \"هؤلاء\".\n(^٣) في س: \"القبلة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٨).\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٤٨٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٩١) عن يحيى بن حماد به.","vol":"3","page":298},{"text":"سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ (^١)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعدًا يقولُ: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعدَ ما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، ثم حُوِّلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ قَبَلَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ قَبلَ بَدرٍ بشَهرَينِ (^٢). هَكَذا رواه العُطارِدِىُّ عن ابنِ فُضَيلٍ. ورواه مالكٌ (^٣) والثَّورِىُّ (^٤) وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٥) عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ سَعدٍ.\n\n٢٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَميرَةَ بنِ زيادٍ الكِندِىِّ، عن عليٍّ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ تعالَى عنه: ﴿فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٤]. قال: شَطرَه: قِبَلَه (^٦).\n\n٢٢٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، أخبرَنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"العطار\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٢١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ١٤٩، والمصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٧٤ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار العطاردى به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٩٦، ومن طريقه الشافعي في مسنده ١/ ١٧٨ (١٩٠)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٦٥٦)، وفى الدلائل ٢/ ٥٧٣.\n(^٤) تفسير الثوري ص ٥١.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٧٣ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٦) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٦٦٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٢٥٤ (١٣٦٣) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.","vol":"3","page":299},{"text":"نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿شَطْرَهُ﴾ يَعنِى نَحوَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ ذكَره عليُّ بنُ أبى طَلحَةَ عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ:\n\n٢٢٢٧ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-508>بابُ فرضِ القِبلَةِ، وفَضلِ استِقبالِها</span>\n\n٢٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ هو ابنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ سِياهٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلَاتنا، واستَقبَلَ قِبلَتَنا، وأَكَلَ ذَبيحَتَنا، فذَلِكَ المُسلِمُ، له ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وذِمَّةُ رسولِه، فلا تُخفِروا اللَّهَ في ذِمَّتِه\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ العباسِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢١٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٢٤٨ (١٣٢٩)، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٧١ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٥٠١٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٩١).","vol":"3","page":300},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، أن نُعَيمَ بنَ حَمّادٍ حَدَّثَهُم، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أنْ لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأَنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ، فإِذا شَهِدوا أنْ لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأَنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ، وصَلَّوْا صَلاتَنا، واستقَبَلوا قِبلَتَنا، وأَكَلوا ذَبيحَتَنا، حَرُمَت عَلَينا دِماؤُهُم وأَموالُهُم إلا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن نُعَيمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-509>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في تَركِ استِقبالِها في السَّفَرِ إذا تَطَوَّعَ راكِبًا أو ماشيًا</span>\n\n٢٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٍ. وأَخبرَنا [كاملُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^٣) المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه حَيثُما تَوَجَّهَت بهِ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ: كان ابنُ عمرَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٥٦)، وأبو داود (٢٦٤١)، والترمذي (٢٦٠٨)، والنسائي (٣٩٧٧، ٥٠١٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٩٢).\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"أحمد بن كامل\". وتقدم في (١٢١٢)، وسيأتي في (٢٢٣٦، ٣٤٩١، ٣٧٤٩).","vol":"3","page":301},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. وفِي رِوايَةِ الشافعىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه في السَّفَرِ حَيثُما تَوَجَّهَت بهِ (^١). ولَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه. رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٣١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سليمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه يُومِئُ إيماءً أينَما تَوَجَّهَت بوَجهِه تَطَوُّعًا. قال: وكانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. ثم قرأَ هَذِه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥]. ثم قال: في هذا أُنزِلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى وهو مُقبِلٌ مِن مَكَّةَ إلى المَدينَةِ على\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٦٠). والشافعي ١/ ٩٧، ومالك ١/ ١٥١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٤)، والنسائي (٤٩١، ٧٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٧)، والبخاري (١٠٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٠١)، والترمذي (٢٩٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٩٩٧) من طريق عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان به.","vol":"3","page":302},{"text":"راحِلَتِه حَيثُ كان وجهُه. قال: وفيه نَزَلَت: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سُراقَةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ أنمارٍ يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه مُتَوَجِّهًا قِبَلَ المَشرِقِ تَطَوُّعًا (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يُصَلِّىَ تَطَوُّعًا وهو يَسوقُ الإِبِلَ أينَما تَوَجَّهَت، وإِن أتَى على سَجدَةٍ قَرأَها وسَجَدَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-510>بابُ الدَّليلِ على إباحَةِ ذَلِكَ على أىِّ مَركوبٍ كان ناقَةً أو حِمارًا</span>\n\n٢٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧١٤)، والنسائي (٤٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٦٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٠٠) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٤٠).","vol":"3","page":303},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى سُبحَتَه (^٢) حَيثُما تَوَجَّهَت به ناقَتُه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٥) المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِىُّ، عن أبي الحُبابِ سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى على حِمارٍ وهو موَجِّهٌ (^٦) إلى خَيبَرَ (^٧). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٨).\n\n٢٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا عَلِيٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الصفار\".\n(^٢) السبحة من التسبيح، والمقصود هنا صلاة النافلة. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٣١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٨٧) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣١).\n(^٥) في س: \"حرب\".\n(^٦) في س: \"متوجه\". ومُوَجِّه، قال الإمام النووي: هو بكسر الجيم، أي: متوجه، ويقال: قاصد، ويقال: مقابل. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ٢١١.\n(^٧) مالك ١/ ١٥٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٢٠)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٦)، والنسائي (٧٣٩).\n(^٨) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٥).","vol":"3","page":304},{"text":"عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قالَ: تَلَقَّينا (^١) أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ تعالَى عنه حينَ قَدِمَ مِنَ الشامِ فلَقيتُه بعَينِ التَّمرِ (^٢). قالَ: - فرأَيتُه يُصَلِّى على حِمارٍ ووَجهُه مِن هذا الجانِبِ - يَعنِى: عن يَسارِ القِبلَةِ - فقُلتُ له: رأَيتُكَ تُصَلِّى لِغَيرِ القِبلَةِ؟ فقالَ: لَولا أنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه ما فعَلتُه (^٣). وَفِى حَديثِ عفانَ: ووَجهُه ذَلِكَ الجانِبَ. وأَومأ هَمّامٌ عن يَسارِ القِبلَةِ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: لم أفعَلْه. يَعنى التَّطَوُّعَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"، عن أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن حَبّانَ عن هَمَّامٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عَفّانَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-511>بابُ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ بالنّاقَةِ عِندَ الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٢٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (^٥)، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينى، حدثنا رِبعِىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الجارودِ بنِ أبي سَبرَةَ الهُذَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ أبى الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنى الجارودُ بنُ أبى سَبرَةَ، حدَّثَنى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا سافَرَ فأَرادَ أن يَتَطَوَّعَ بالصَّلاةِ استَقبَلَ بناقَتِه القِبلَةَ فكَبَّرَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لقينا\".\n(^٢) عين التمر: بلدة قريبة من الأنبار غربى الكوفة، افتتحها خالد بن الوليد في عهد أبى بكر ﵄. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٥٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١١٣)، وأبو عوانة (٢٣٦٥) من طريق همام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٠٠)، ومسلم (٧٠٢/ ٤١).\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٤٥٨، ٧٠٠، ١٧٩٦).","vol":"3","page":305},{"text":"ثَمَّ صَلَّى حَيثُ تَوَجَّهَت به النّاقَةُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-512>بابُ الإيماءِ بالرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ، والسُّجودُ أخفَضُ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، عن شُعَيبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قالَ: حدَّثَنى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُسَبِّحُ وهو على ظَهرِ راحِلَتِه، لا يُبالِى حَيثُ كان وجهُه، ويُومِئُ برأسِه إيماءً. وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ (٢)، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قالَ: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سمِع جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى وهو على راحِلَتِه النَّوافِلَ مِن كُلِّ جِهَةٍ، ولَكِنَّه يَخفِضُ السَّجدَتَينِ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ ويومِئُ إيماءً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٠٩)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٥) من طريق ربعى بن الجارود به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٨٤).\n(^٢) في س: \"الصفار\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٥٥) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٠٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"3","page":306},{"text":"٢٢٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى النبيُّ - ﷺ - لِحاجَةٍ، فجِئتُ وهو يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه نَحوَ المَشرِقِ والسُّجودُ أخفَضُ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فلَمَّا فرَغَ قال: \"إنِّي كُنتُ أُصَلِّى\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-513>بابُ الوِترِ على الرّاحِلَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى مالكٌ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ، فلمَّا خَشِيتُ الصُّبحَ نَزَلتُ فأَوتَرتُ، فقالَ ابنُ عمرَ: ألَيسَ لَكَ في رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُسوَةٌ (^٢)؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يوتِرُ على البَعيرِ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٥٥)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٧)، والترمذي (٣٥١) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"حسنة\".\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٢٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥١٩)، والترمذي (٤٧٢)، والنسائي (١٦٨٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٠).","vol":"3","page":307},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٢٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُبِىٍّ القاضِى وتَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه حَيثُ تَوَجَّهَت به ويُوتِرُ عَلَيها، ويُخبِرُ أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا (^٤) أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ (^٥)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُوتِرُ على راحِلَتِهِ (^٦).\n\n٢٢٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ قال: قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: أكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يوتِرُ على\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩٩٩)، ومسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٢٢) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٠٩٥).\n(^٤) لم يرد هذا الأثر في: س.\n(^٥) في م: \"بشير\".\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (١٦٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":308},{"text":"الرّاحِلَةِ؟ قال: وهَل لِلوِترِ فضيلَةٌ على سائرِ التَّطَوُّعِ؟! إى واللَّهِ لَقَد كان يوتِرُ عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٢٢٤٦ - ورواه غَيرُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ عن أبي سلمةَ هَكَذا، وزادَ في آخِرِه: قال أبو سلمةَ: وحَدَّثَنيه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا الحسينُ (^٢) بنُ أبى مَعشَرٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ يَعنِى أبا سلمةَ. فذكَره بزيادَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن ثوَيرِ (^٤) بنِ أبى فاخِتَةَ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا رَضِىَ اللهُ تعالَى عنه كان يُوتِرُ على راحِلَتِهِ (^٥).\n\n٢٢٤٨ - زادَ فيه غَيرُه عن الثَّورِىِّ: يومِئُ إيماءً (^٦). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ. فذكَره بزيادَتِهِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الشيخ في طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان ٣/ ٨٥ من طريق أبى سلمة به، وبالزيادة الآتية.\n(^٢) في د: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٥٣.\n(^٤) في د: \"ثور\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٨٧)، وابن عدى ٢/ ٥٣٣ من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٦) ليس في: د.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٦٩).","vol":"3","page":309},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-514>بابُ النُزولِ لِلمَكتوبَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُسَبِّحُ [على الرَّاحِلةِ قِبَل أىِّ وِجهَةٍ (^١) تَوَجَّهَ] (^٢)، ويوتِرُ عَلَيها، غَيرَ أنَّه لا يُصَلِّى عَلَيها المَكتوبَةَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخَرَجَه البخاريُّ مَن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمِّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّمَرقَندِىُّ، حدَّثَنى مُعاذُ ابنُ فَضالَةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرِ بنِ البَياضِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى على راحِلَتِه قِبَلَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وجه\".\n(^٢) في س: \"على راحلته قبل أي وجهة توجهت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٢٤)، والنسائي (٤٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٩٠، ١٢٦٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٩)، والبخاري (١٠٩٨).","vol":"3","page":310},{"text":"المَشرِقِ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يُصَلِّىَ المَكتوبَةَ نَزَلَ واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ وصَلَّى (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسلِمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ مُعاذٍ قال: حدَّثَنى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وقالَ: نَحوَ المَشرِقِ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ ومُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُسَبِّحُ وهو (^٣) على راحِلَتِه، ويُومِئُ برأسِه قِبَلَ أىِّ وجهٍ تَوَجَّهَ، ولَم يكنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ في الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن أخيه زَيدٍ، عن جَدِّه أبى (^٦) سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٧٢)، والدارمى (١٥٥٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٠، ١٠٩٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٩٥)، والدارمى (١٥٥٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٠٩٧)، ومسلم (٧٠١/ ٤٠).\n(^٦) في د: \"ابن\".","vol":"3","page":311},{"text":"كَبشَةَ السَّلولِيِّ، عن سَهلِ ابنِ الحَنظَليَّةِ قال: سِرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في جَيشٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه: قال: \"مَن يَحرُسُنا اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ أنَسُ (^١) بنُ أبى مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوِىُّ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"انطَلِقْ إلى هذا الشِّعْبِ حَتَّى تَكونَ في أعلاه، ولا تَنزِلَنَّ إلا مُصَلِّيًا أو قاضِىَ حاجَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ المُنذِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّه سألَ عائشةَ - ﵂ -: هَل رُخِّصَ لِلنِّساءِ أن يُصَلِّينَ على الدَّوابِّ؟ قالَت: لم يُرَخَّصْ لَهُنَّ في شِدَّةٍ ولا رَخاءٍ (^٣). قال محمدٌ: هذا في المَكتوبَةِ.\n\n٢٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ والوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يُنزِلُ مَرضاه في السَّفَرِ حَتَّى يُصَلُّوا الفَريضَةَ في الأرضِ. إلا أنَّ ابنَ المُبارَكِ لم يَذكُرْ نافِعًا في حَديثِهِ.\n\n٢٢٥٥ - وأمَّا الحديثُ الذي أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أنيس\". وينظر الإصابة ١/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٢٨٣)، (١٨٤٨٧). وينظر تخريجه في (٣٩٢٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٢٢٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٨٧).","vol":"3","page":312},{"text":"عُمَرُ بنُ الرَّمّاحِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الحسينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ سلمةَ الهَمَذانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سليمانَ داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عَقيلٍ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ الرَّمّاحِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - انتَهَى إلى مَضيقٍ هو وأَصحابُه، والسَّماءُ - قال يَحيَى: وأَحسِبُه قال: أوِ البِلَّةُ. قال: - مِن فوقِهِم، والبِلَّةُ مِن أسفَلَ مِنهُم، وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فأَمَرَ المُؤَذِّنَ فأَقامَ، فتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على راحِلَتِه، فصَلَّى بهِم يُومِئُ إيماءً، يَجعَلُ السُّجودَ أخفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، أو سُجودَه أخفَضَ مِن رُكوعِهِ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ قال يَحيَى: أحسِبُه قال: والعَدوُّ مِن فوقِهِم، والبِلَّةُ مِن أسفَلَ. وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ، ولَم يَثبُتْ مِن عَدالَةِ بَعضِ رواتِه ما يُوجِبُ قَبولَ خَبرِه، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ في شِدَّةِ الخَوفِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-515>بابُ [ما جاء في صَلاتِه الوِترَ] (^٢) على الرّاحِلَةِ مِنَ الدِّلالَةِ على أن الوِترَ لَيسَ بواجِبٍ</span>\nوقَد ذَكَرنا الأخبارَ فيها.\n\n٢٢٥٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٧٣)، والترمذي (٤١١) من طريق عمر بن الرماح به، وقال: غريب.\n(^٢) في س: \"في الصلاة\"، وفي م: \"ما في صلاته الوتر\".","vol":"3","page":313},{"text":"أنَسٍ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلِ ابنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِع طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، [فإِذا هو يَسأَلُ عن الإِسلامِ] (^١)، فقالَ [رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -] (^١): \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ\". فقالَ: هَل عَلَىَّ غَيرُها؟ قالَ: \"لا، إلا أن تَطَوَّعَ\" (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ (^٤) العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أن رجلًا مِن بنى كِنانَةَ يُدعَى المُخدِجِيَّ سمِع رجلًا بالشّامِ يُدعَى أبا محمدٍ يقولُ: إنَّ الوِترَ واجِبٌ. قال المُخدِجِيُّ: فرُحتُ إلى عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، فاعتَرَضتُ له وهو رائحٌ إلى المَسجِدِ، فأَخبَرتُه بالَّذِى قال أبو محمدٍ، فقالَ عُبادَةُ: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ على العِبادِ، فمَن جاءَ بهِنَّ لم يُضَيِّعْ مِنهُنَّ شَيئًا استِخفافًا بحَقِّهِنَّ كان له عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهدٌ أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، ومَن لم يأتِ بهِنَّ فلَيسَ له عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه وإِن شاءَ أدخَلَه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٠)، وتقدم في (١٧١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦، ٢٦٧٨)، ومسلم (١١/ ٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٢٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٤٢٠)، والنسائي (٤٦٠)، وتقدم في (١٧١٣)، وسيأتي في (٤٥١١، ٢١٠١٣).","vol":"3","page":314},{"text":"٢٢٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحسنِ الفقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: الوِترُ لَيسَ بحَتمٍ، ولَكِنَّه سُنَّةٌ سَنَّها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوهو قَولُ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ وابنِ عباسٍ، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مَعَ سائرِ الآثارِ الوارِدَةِ فيه مَوضِعُها بابُ صَلاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-516>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في تَركِ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ في المَكتوبَةِ حالَ المُسايَفَةِ وشِدَّةِ القِتالِ</span>\n\n٢٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا سُئلَ عن صَلاةِ الخَوفِ قالَ: يَتَقَدَّمُ الإمامُ وطائفَةٌ ثم قَصَّ الحديثَ، وقالَ ابنُ عمرَ في الحديث: فإِن كان خَوفًا أشَدَّ مِن ذَلِكَ صَلَّوْا رِجالًا ورُكبانًا، مُستَقبلِى القِبلَةِ وغَيرَ مُستَقبِليها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٢)، والترمذي (٤٥٤)، والنسائي (١٦٧٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٤٥١٣).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٤٥٠٦ - ٤٥٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٧١، ١٨٤٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٩٦، ومالك ١/ ١٨٤، ومن طريقه البخاري (٤٥٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٠، ٩٨١، ١٣٦٦، ١٣٦٧). وسيأتي في (٦٠٩٠).","vol":"3","page":315},{"text":"وهو ثابِتٌ مِن جِهَةِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ومَوضِعُه كِتابُ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-517>بابُ مَن طَلَبَ باجتِهادِه إصابَةَ عَينِ الكَعبَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: سَمِعتَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يقولُ: إنَّما أُمِرتُم بالطَّوافِ ولَم تُؤمَروا بدُخولِهِ. قال: لم يَكُنْ يَنهَى عن دُخولِه، ولَكِن سَمِعتُه يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - لما دَخَلَ البَيتَ دَعا في نَواحيه كُلِّها، ولَم يُصَلِّ فيه حَتَّى خَرَجَ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ في قِبَلِ الكَعبَةِ، ثم قال: \"هَذِه القِبلَةُ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ دونَ قِصَّةِ الدُّخولِ عن عَطاءٍ، ودونَ ذِكرِ أُسامَةَ (^٣)، والصَّحيحُ ما رُوِّينا، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بطولِه وذكَر أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-518>بابُ مَن طَلَبَ باجتِهادِه جِهَةَ الكَعبَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٦٠٨٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١١٢٥). وعبد الرزاق (٩٠٥٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٧٥٤)، والنسائي (٢٩١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٣٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٩٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٣٠/ ٣٩٥).","vol":"3","page":316},{"text":"المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مُجَبَّرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ قِبلَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢٢٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ قِبلَةٌ\" (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ بالأوَّلِ ابنُ مُجَبَّرٍ (^٣)، وتَفَرَّدَ بالثّانِى يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ الخَلَّالُ (^٤)، والمَشهورُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ حَمَّادِ بنِ سلمةَ وزائدَةَ بنِ قُدامَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ وغَيرِهم، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن عمرَ مِن قَولِهِ (^٥).\n\n٢٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ الطُوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الحاضِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧١ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٦١: محمد واهٍ.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧٠ عن أبي يوسف به.\n(^٣) محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن مجبر بن عبد الرحمن بن عمر بن الخطاب العمرى البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢٠، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٦٣، والكامل ٦/ ٢١٩٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٦٢١، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٤) لم نقف له على ترجمة، وقد ذكر ذلك من قبلُ الشيخ الألباني ﵀ في إرواء الغليل ١/ ٣٢٦، وفى الثمر المستطاب ص ٨٤٩ فقد قال: لم أجد له ذكرًا في كتب الرجال التي عندى.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ١٨٢ من طريق زائدة به. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٢/ ٣١ عن يحيى.","vol":"3","page":317},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن عمرَ قال: ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ قِبلَةٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه غَيرُهُما عن نافِعٍ، ورُوِى عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^١). ورُوِى عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢). ورُوِى عن عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِهِما (^٣).\nوالمُرادُ به واللَّهُ أعلمُ أهلُ المَدينَةِ، ومَن كانت (^٤) قِبلَتُه على سَمْتِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ مما (^٥) بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ، يَطلُبُ قِبلَتَهُم ثم يَطلُبُ عَينَها.\n\n٢٢٦٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ أبى نُعَيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ قِبلَةٌ إذا تَوَجَّهتَ قِبَلَ البَيتِ (^٦).\n\n٢٢٦٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَنبَسَةَ أبو محمدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٤٢ - ٣٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١٠١١). وقال الترمذي عقب (٣٤٤): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) قال الألباني في الإرواء ١/ ٣٢٦: فالحديث بهذه الطرق صحيح والله أعلم.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٥٠٥، ٧٥٠٦).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"كان\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فيما\".\n(^٦) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٢/ ٣٢ عن نافع بن أبي نعيم به.","vol":"3","page":318},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ عَنبَسَةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ يَعقوبَ اليَشكُرِىُّ في نُخَيلَةَ (^١)، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ المَكِّيُّ مِن ولَدِ عبدِ الدّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"البَيتُ قِبلَةٌ [لأهلِ المَسجِدِ] (^٢)، والمَسجِدُ قِبلَةٌ لأهلِ الحَرَمِ، والحَرَمُ قِبلَةٌ لأهلِ الأرضِ في مَشارِقِها ومَغارِبِها مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ المَكِّىُّ، وهو ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤). ورُوِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُبْشِىٍّ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٥)، ولا يُحتَجُّ بمثلِه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-519>بابُ الاختِلافِ في القِبلَةِ (^٦) عِندَ التَّحَرِّى</span>\n\n٢٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ بشرٍ المَرثَدِيُّ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الواسِطِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَسيرٍ أو سَريَّةٍ، فأَصابَنا غَيمٌ، فتَحَرَّينا واختَلَفنا في\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بجيلة\". ونخيلة: تصغير نخلة، موضع قرب الكوفة على سمت الشام. ينظر مراصد الاطلاع ٣/ ١٣٦٦.\n(^٢) في س: \"لأهله\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٢٦٢) عن جعفر بن عنبسة به.\n(^٤) هو عمر بن حفص القرشي العبدرى المكي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٩٠، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٣٧، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار - كما في التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢١٣.\n(^٦) في س: \"الاجتهاد\".","vol":"3","page":319},{"text":"القِبلَةِ، فصَلَّى كُلُّ رجلٍ مِنّا على حِدَةٍ، فجَعَلَ أحَدُنا يَخُطُّ بَينَ يَدَيه لِنَعلَمَ أمكِنَتَنا، فلَمَّا [أَصبَحنا نَظَرنا وإِذا] (^١) نَحنُ قَد صَلَّينا إلى (^٢) غَيرِ القِبلَةِ، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِلنَبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"قَد أجزأتْ صَلاتُكُم\". تَفَرَدَ به محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ (^٣) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه العَرزَمِىُّ (^٤) عن عَطاءٍ (^٥) وهُما ضَعيفانِ.\n\n٢٢٦٧ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ الحارِثِىُّ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثَكُم داوُدُ بنُ عمرٍو. فذكَره بمِثلِ رِوايَةِ المَرثَدِيِّ (^٦).\nثم قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: كَذا قال: عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ. وقالَ غَيرُه: عن محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَرزَمِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ. وهُما ضَعيفانِ] (^٧).\n\n٢٢٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ الحسينُ بنُ موسَى الرَّقِّىُّ بأَنطاكيَةَ، حدثنا موسَى يَعنى ابنَ مَرْوانَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص: \"أصبح نظرنا فإذا\"، وفي م: \"أصبحنا نظرناه فإذا\".\n(^٢) في د، م: \"على\".\n(^٣) هو محمد بن سالم الهمداني، أبو سهل الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٧٢، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٦٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢٣٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ١٧٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٦٣: ضعيف.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٦٤٠).\n(^٥) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٢٧٥).\n(^٦) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٧) ليس في: س.","vol":"3","page":320},{"text":"الرَّقِّىَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الواسِطِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذكَره بمَعناه.\n\n٢٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: لا تُقَلِّدوا دينَكُمُ الرِّجالَ، فإِن أبَيتُم فبِالأمواتِ لا بالأحياءِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-520>بابٌ: لا تُسمَعُ دِلالَةُ مُشرِكٍ لِمَن كان أعمَى أو غَيرَ بَصيرٍ بالقِبلَةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبي نَملَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إذ دَخَلَ عليه رجلٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ فقالَ: يا محمدُ أتَكَلَّمُ هَذِه الجِنازَةُ؟ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُ أعلمُ\". فقالَ اليَهودِىُّ: أنا أشهَدُ أنَّها تَكَلَّمُ. فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما حَدَّثَكُم أهلُ الكِتابِ فلا تُصَدِّقوهُم ولا تُكَذِّبوهُم، وقولوا: آمَنا باللهِ وكُتُبِه ورُسُلِه، فإِن كان حَقًّا لم تُكَذِّبوهُم، وإِن كان باطِلًا لم تُصَدِّقوهُم\" (^٢). ابنُ أبى نَملَةَ هو نَملَةُ بنُ أبى نَملَةَ الأنصارِىُّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٤٦٠) من طريق أبى العباس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٢٦) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وابن حبان (٦٢٥٧) من طريق يونس به. وأبو داود (٣٦٤٤) من طريق الزهري به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٨٦).","vol":"3","page":321},{"text":"٢٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصْرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّستَرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعْبِىِّ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَسأَلوا أهلَ الكِتابِ عن شَئ؛ فإِنَّهُم لَن يَهدوكُم وقَد ضَلُّوا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-521>بابُ استِبيانِ الخَطإِ بعدَ الاجتِهادِ</span>\n\n٢٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: بَينَما النّاسُ بقُباءٍ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ إذ جاءَهُم آتٍ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد أُنزِلَ عليه قُرآنٌ، وقَد أمِرَ أن يَستَقبِلَ الكَعبَةَ، فاستَقبِلوها. وكانَت وُجوهُهُم إلى الشّامِ، فاستَدارُوا إلى الكَعبَةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ وحُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٣١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٦٣: الهيثم واهٍ، ومجالد ليس بحجة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦). وتقدم في (٢٢١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤٩٤)، ومسلم (٥٢٦/ ١٣). وتقدم عقب (٢٢١٩).","vol":"3","page":322},{"text":"أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - وأَصحابَه كانوا يُصَلُّونَ نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ: ﴿فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٤]. مَرَّ رجلٌ مِن بنى سَلِمَةَ فناداهُم وهُم رُكوعٌ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ: ألا إنَّ القِبلَةَ قَد حوِّلَت إلى الكَعبَةِ. مَرَّتَينِ. قال: فمالوا كما هُم رُكوعٌ إلى الكَعبَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ سعيدٍ أبو الرَّبيعِ وعُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ قَيسٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أظلَمَت مَرَّةً ونَحنُ في سَفَرٍ فاشتَبَهَت عَلَينا القِبلَةُ، فصَلَّى كُلُّ رجلٍ مِنّا حيالَه، فلَمّا انجَلَت إذا بَعضُنا صَلَّى لِغَيرِ القِبلَةِ، وبَعضُنا قَد صَلَّى لِلقِبلَةِ، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّه، - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَضَت صَلاتُكُم\". ونَزَلَت: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥] (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٤٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢٧/ ١٥). وعنده: \"أن رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يصلى. . .\" بدون ذكر أصحابه.\n(^٣) في س، ونسختين من الطيالسي: \"عمرو\". وذكر الشيخ أحمد شاكر في تعليقه على الترمذي، والشيخ الألباني في الإرواء ١/ ٣٢٣ أنه عمرو بن قيس الملائى من رجال مسلم. والصواب أنه عُمَرُ بن قيس المعروف بسندل، متروك الحديث. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٨٧، وينظر كلام العراقى في تحفة الأحوذى ١/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٢٤١)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٠٢٠)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٧٢ عن الأشعث وحده. والترمذي (٣٤٥) من طريق الأشعث به، وقال: هذا الحديث ليس بذاك، لا نعرفه إلا من حديث أشعث السمان، وأشعث بن سعيد أبو الربيع السمان يضعف في الحديث. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٦٣: عاصم ضعفه ابن معين.","vol":"3","page":323},{"text":"٢٢٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ الحارِثُ بنُ نَبهانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: صَلَّينا لَيلَةً في غَيمٍ وخَفِيَت عَلَينا القِبلَةُ وعَلَّمْنا عَلَمًا، فلَمَّا انصَرَفنا نَظَرنا فإِذا نَحنُ قَد صَلَّينا إلى غَيرِ القِبلَةِ، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"قَد أحسَنتُم\". ولَم يأمُرْنا أن نُعيدَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن عَطاءٍ، وعَنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ العَرزَمِيِّ عن عَطاءٍ، أمّا حَديثُ محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن عَطاءٍ فقَد مَضَى (^٢).\nوأمَّا حَديثُ عبدِ المَلِكِ فإِنَّه في وِجاداتِ أحمدَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ العَنبَرِيِّ عن أبيه:\n\n٢٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ الرُّصافِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ العَسكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ العَنبَرِىُّ قال: وجَدتَ في كِتابِ أبى، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي سليمانَ العَرزَمِىُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً كُنتُ فيها، فأَصابَتنا ظُلمَةٌ فلَم نَعرِفِ القِبلَةَ، فقالَت طائفَةٌ مِنها: القِبلَةُ ههُنا قِبَلَ الشَّمالِ. فصَلَّوْا وخَطُّوا خَطًّا، وقالَ بَعضُنا: القِبلَةُ ههُنا قِبَلَ الجَنوبِ. وخَطُّوا خَطًّا، فلَمّا أصبَحنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في موطئه (٤٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٦٦، ٢٢٦٧).","vol":"3","page":324},{"text":"وطَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ أصبَحَت تِلكَ الخُطوطُ لِغَيرِ القِبلَةِ، فقَدِمنا مِن سَفَرِنا فأَتَينا النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فسأَلناه عن ذَلِكَ، فسَكَتَ، وأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥]. أي حَيثُ كُنتُم (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِيُّ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ الباغَندِيُّ، عن أحمدَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، ولا نَعلَمُ لِهَذا الحديث إسنادًا صَحيحًا قَويًّا؛ وذَلِكَ لأنَّ عاصِمَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ العُمَرِيَّ، ومُحَمَّدَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَرزَمِيَّ، ومُحَمَّدَ بنَ سالِمٍ الكوفِيَّ، كُلَّهُم ضُعَفاءُ (^٢)، والطَّريقُ إلى عبدِ المَلِكِ العَرزَمِيِّ غَيرُ واضِحٍ؛ لِما فيه مِنَ الوِجادَةِ وغَيرِها، وفِي حَديثِه أيضًا نُزولُ الآيَةِ في ذَلِكَ. وصَحيحٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ العَرزَمِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ، أن الآيَةَ إنَّما نَزَلَت في التَّطَوُّعِ خاصَّةً حَيثُ تَوَجَّهَ بكَ بَعيرُكُ (^٣). وقَد مَضى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n\n٢٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧١، وابن مردويه - كما في تفسير ابن كثير ١/ ٢٢٨ - من طريق الحسن بن علي بن شبيب به.\n(^٢) أما عاصم فهو عاصم بن عبيد الله بن عاصم بن عمر بن الخطاب العدوي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٨٤، والضعفاء للعقيلى ٣/ ٣٣٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢٧، ١٢٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٥٠٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٥٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٤٦. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٨٤: ضعيف. وتقدمت مصادر العرزمى عقب (١٦٤٠)، ومحمد بن سالم في (٢٢٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧١ من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٢٣١).","vol":"3","page":325},{"text":"ابنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّي وهو مُقبِلٌ مِن مَكَّةَ إلى المَدينَةِ على راحِلَتِه حَيثُ كان وجهُه. قال: وفيه نَزَلَت: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِيِّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ أنَّها نَزَلَت في المَكتوبَةِ ثم صارَت مَنسوخَةً، وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n٢٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أوَّلُ ما نُسِخَ مِنَ القُرآنِ فيما ذُكِرَ لَنا واللهُ أعلمُ، شأنُ (^٣) القِبلَةِ، قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١١٥]. فاستَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى نَحوَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، وتَرَكَ البَيتَ العَتيقَ، فقالَ: ﴿سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٢]. يَعنونَ بَيتَ المَقدِسِ، فنَسَخَها فصَرَفَه الله إلى البَيتِ العَتيقِ فقالَ: ﴿وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ١٥٠].\nوفِي كَلامِ الشافعيِّ ﵀ بَيانُ ما في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وهو أنَّه دَخَلَ في مَبسوطِ كَلامِه: فلَمَّا هاجَرَ إلى المَدينَةِ استَقبَلَ بَيتَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٥٩) بزيادة مسدد بين أبى المثنى ويحيى. وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٢٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٣)، وتقدم عقب (٢٢٣٢).\n(^٣) في د: \"بشأن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٥٧). والحاكم ٢/ ٢٦٧، وسقط منه أول السند.","vol":"3","page":326},{"text":"المَقدِسِ مُوَلِّيًا عن البَيتِ الحَرامِ، وهو يُحِبُّ لَو قَضَى اللهُ له باستِقبالِ البَيتِ الحَرامِ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِه الآيَةَ، إلى أن أنزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ١٤٤].\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّها نَزَلَت في قَولِهِم: ﴿مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا﴾.\n\n٢٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ أوَّلَ ما نُسِخَ في القُرآنِ القِبلَةُ، وذَلِكَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَمّا هاجَرَ إلى المَدينَةِ، وكانَ أكثَرَ أهلِها اليَهودُ، أمَرَه اللَّهُ أن يَستَقبِلَ بَيتَ المَقدِسِ، ففَرِحَتِ اليَهودُ، فاستَقبَلَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بِضعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يحِبُّ قِبلَةَ إبراهيمَ ﵇، فكانَ يَدعو اللَّهَ ويَنظُرُ إلى السَّماءِ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا﴾ إلى قَولِه: ﴿فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٤]. يَعنِى نَحوَه، فارتابَ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَهودُ، وقالوا: ﴿مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا﴾. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾. ﴿وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ﴾ (^٢). قال ابنُ عباسٍ:\n_________\n(^١) أحكام القرآن للشافعي ١/ ٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٥٠، ٦٢٣، ٦٥٨، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٢٤٨، ٢٥٣ (١٣٢٩، ١٣٥٥)، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٧١ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.","vol":"3","page":327},{"text":"وليَميزَ أهلَ اليَقينِ مِن أهلِ الشَّكِّ والرِّيبَةِ، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٣]. يَعنِى تَحويلَها على أهلِ الشَّكِّ، ﴿إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٥]. يَعنِى المُصَدِّقينَ بما أنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^١).\nقال الشافعيُّ ﵀ في قَولِه: ﴿فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾. يَعنِى والله أعلمُ: فثَمَّ الوَجهُ الذي وجَّهَكُمُ اللهُ إلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن النَّضرِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَرَبِيٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ﴾. قال: قِبلَةُ اللَّهِ، فأَينَما كُنتَ في مَشرِقٍ أو مَغرِبٍ فلا تَوَجَّهَنَّ إلا إلَيها (^٣).\n\n٢٢٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن صَلَّى على غَيرِ طُهرٍ، أو على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١/ ٦٢٢، ٢/ ٦٤٣، ٦٤٧، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ١٠٣، ٢٥٠، ٢٥١ (٤٨٩، ١٣٤١، ١٣٤٤) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) أحكام القرآن للشافعي ١/ ٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٩٣)، والترمذي عقب (٢٩٥٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٥٧ من طريق النضر بن عربى به.","vol":"3","page":328},{"text":"غَيرِ قِبلَةٍ، أعادَ الصَّلاةَ أنَّى (^١) كان، في الوَقتِ أو غَيرِ الوَقتِ، إلا أن يَكونَ خَطَؤُه القِبلَةَ تَحَرُّفًا أو شَيئًا يَسيرًا (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال في الذي يُصَلِّى لِغَيرِ القِبلَةِ: لا يُعيدُ (^٣)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-522>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن خَطأَ الانحِرافِ (^٤) مَعفوٌّ عَنه</span>\n\n٢٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّينا وراءَه وهو قاعِدٌ، فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فرآنا قيامًا فأَشارَ إلَينا. وذكَر الحديثَ. مُخَرَّجٌ في \"صحيح مسلم\" (^٥).\n\n٢٢٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ (^٦)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ ابنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا سَلَّامٍ يَقولَ: حدَّثَنى أبو كَبشَةَ السَّلولِىُّ، أنَّه حدَّثه عن سَهلِ ابنِ الحَنظَليَّةِ قال: لما سارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى حُنَينٍ قال: \"ألا رجلٌ يَكلَؤُنا اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ أنَسُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٢/ ٢٢.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٠٢، ٣٤٠٤).\n(^٤) في س: \"الاجتهاد\".\n(^٥) مسلم (٤١٣)، وسيأتي في (٣٤٦٢، ٦٠٠١).\n(^٦) في س، د: \"بهمدان\" بالدال.","vol":"3","page":329},{"text":"ابنُ أبي مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوِىُّ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"انطَلِقْ\". فلَمّا كان الغَدُ خَرَجَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى، فقالَ: \"هَل أحسَستُم فارِسَكُم\". قالوا: لا. فجَعَلَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى ويَلتَفِتُ إلى الشِّعبِ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"إنَّ فارِسَكُم قَد أقبَلَ\". فلَمّا جاءَ قال: \"لَعَلَّكَ نَزَلتَ\". قال: لا إلا مُصَلِّيًا أو قاضيًا حاجَةً. ثم قال: إنِّي اطَّلَعتُ الشِّعبَينِ فإِذا هَوازِنُ بظُعُنِهِم (^١) وشائِهِم ونَعَمِهِم مُتَوَجِّونَ إلى حُنَينٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"غَنيمَةُ المُسلِمينَ غَدًا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ\" (^٢). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n٢٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ الرَّزْجاهِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيْلانَ المَروَزِيُّ. وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ الأبهَرِىُّ الصوفيُّ (^٣) بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا جِبريلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَيُّويَه، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيْلانَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَلحَظُ في صَلاتِه يَمينًا وشِمالًا ولا يَلوِى عُنُقَه خَلفَ ظَهرِهِ (^٤). هَكَذا رواه الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، وخالَفَه غَيرُه\n_________\n(^١) الظُّعُن: النساء، واحدتها ظعينة، وأصل الظعينة: الراحلة التي تظعن وترتحل، فقيل للمرأة: ظعينة. إذا كانت تظعن مع الزوج حيثما ظعن، أو لأنها تحمل على الراحلة إذا ظعنت. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٥٢)، وسيأتي تخريجه في (٣٩٢٥، ١٨٤٨٧).\n(^٣) الهمذانى الصوفى، كان ثقة صدوقا، عارفا له شأن وخطر، وحيد عصره في علم المعرفة والطريقة. توفى سنة (٤٢٨ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٧٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٨٧) عن محمود بن غيلان به، وأحمد (٢٤٨٥)، وأبو داود - كما في تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ١١٧، والنسائي (١٢٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٥، ٨٧١) من طريق الفضل بن موسى =","vol":"3","page":330},{"text":"ورواه مُنقَطِعًا.\n\n٢٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلحَظُ في صَلاتِه مِن غَيرِ أن يَلوِىَ به عُنُقَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-523>بابُ الصَّبِىِّ يَبلُغُ في صَلاتِه فيُتِمُّها، أو يُصَلّيها في أوَّلِ الوَقتِ ثُم يَبلُغُ فلا يَلزَمُه إعادَتُها</span>\nلأنَّه فعَلَ ما كان (^٢) مأمورًا بفِعلِه مَضروبًا على تَركِهِ.\n\n٢٢٨٦ - وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النُّمَيرِيُّ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الجُهَنِيُّ، حدَّثَنى عَمِّى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبْرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مُروا الصَّبِيَّ بالصَّلاةِ ابنَ سَبعٍ، واضرِبوه عَلَيها ابنَ عَشرٍ\" (^٣).\nتابَعَه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\n_________\n= به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٦)، والترمذي (٥٨٨) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) في س: \"يكون\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود (١٤٧) عن محمد بن هشام به. والدارمى (١٤٧١)، والترمذي (٤٠٧) من طريق حرملة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٦٥): حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-524>جِماعُ أبوابِ صِفَةِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-525>بابُ النيَّةِ في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّراجُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، أنَّه سمِع عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وقّاصٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عمرَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيَّةِ، وإِنَّما لاِمرِئٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى اللَّهِ وإِلَى رسولِه فهِجرَتُه إلى اللَّهِ وإِلَى رسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلى دُنيا يُصيبُها أوِ امرأة يَتَزَوَّجُها فهِجرَتُه إلى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو الأصبَهانِيَّ يَعنِى ابنَ مَندَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ هارونَ بنِ سُفيانَ القاضِىَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ البُوَيطِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِيَّ رَحمَةُ اللهِ عليه يقولُ: يَدخُلُ في حَديثِ: \"الأعمالُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٤، ١٨٥، ١٠٤٥، ١٤٣٥). وسيأتي في (٧٤٤٥، ٩٠٦٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٠٧/. . .)، والبخاري (١، ٥٤، ٢٥٢٩، ٣٨٩٨، ٥٠٧٠، ٦٦٨٩، ٦٦٥٣).","vol":"3","page":332},{"text":"بالنّيّاتِ\". ثُلُثُ العِلمِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-526>بابُ عُزوبِ النّيَّةِ بعدَ الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٢٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا فُضيلُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةً فزادَ فيها أو نَقَصَ، فلمَّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَل (^٢) حَدَثَ في الصَّلاةِ شَئٌ؟ قال: \"وما ذاكَ؟! \". قال: فذَكَرْنا الذي فعَلَ، فثَنَى رِجلَه ثم استَقبلَ القِبلَةَ فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثم أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"لَو حَدَثَ في الصَّلاةِ شَيءٌ لأنبأتُكُم، وإِنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ أنسَى كما تَنسَونَ، فإِذا نَسيتُ فذَكِّرونِى، وأَيُّكُم ما نَسِىَ في صَلاتِه فليَتَحَرَّ الذي يَرَى أنَّه الصَّوابُ فليُتِمَّ عليه، ثم يَسجُدُ سَجدَتَىِ السَّهوِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٢٨٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ (^٥) الصَّبّاحِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١).\n(^٢) ليس في: د.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٢٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٨) من طريق الفضيل بن عياض به. وسيأتي في (٣٨٧٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٧٢/. . .)، والبخاري (٤٠١).\n(^٥) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"3","page":333},{"text":"الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَها في الصَّلاةِ فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَىِ السَّهوِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-527>بابُ ما يَدخُلُ به في الصَّلاةِ مِنَ التَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّيدَلانِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ الحُلْوانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - أن رجلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جالِسٌ في ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ، فصَلَّى ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ عليه، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". [فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ، فقالَ: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ] (^٣) \". فقالَ في الثّالِثَةِ أو (^٤) التي بَعدَها: عَلِّمْنِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأَسبِغِ الوُضوءَ، ثم استَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما (^٥) تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٥٨)، والترمذي (٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسيأتي في (٣٨٩٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بما\"","vol":"3","page":334},{"text":"القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ في صَلاتِكَ كُلِّها\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ (^٣). وذكَر الحديثَ. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^٤)، وقَد خالَفَه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n٢٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا بُدَيلٌ (^٥)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥١). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٦٩٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠٦٠، ٣٦٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نمير به. وسيأتي في (٢٣٩٦، ٢٥١٠، ٢٧٩٢، ٢٨٠٤، ٤٠٠٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٥١)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨١٢، ٨٦٩، ٨٩٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٣٠)، وأبو داود (٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩٩) من طريق حسين المعلم به. وسيأتي في (٢٥٨٧، ٢٧٤١، ٢٧٤٢، ٣٠٠١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٩٨/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٥) بعده في س: \"التركى أخبرنا الحسن بن محمد بن إسحاق ثنا يوسف بن يعقوب حدثنا الربيع\".","vol":"3","page":335},{"text":"يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ والقراءةَ بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢] (^١).\n\n٢٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن الثَّورِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن عليٍّ رَفَعَه إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الطُّهورُ، وإِحرامُها التَّكبيرُ، وإِحلالُها التَّسليمُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشافعيُّ رحمةُ اللَّهِ عليه في القَديمِ: وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n٢٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ (^٣) التَّكبيرُ، وانقضَاؤُها التَّسليمُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-528>بابُ كَيفيةِ التَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ١٥١ من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٤/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٢) أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٦)، وأبو داود (٦١، ٦١٨)، والترمذي (٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٥) من طريق الثوري به، وقال الترمذي: هذا الحديث أصح شيء في هذا الباب وأحسن. وسيأتي في (٣٠٠٤، ٣٤١٩، ٤٠٢٧).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"الطهور وإحرامها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في كتاب الصلاة (٢)، والطبراني (٩٢٧١) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (٣٠٠٦).","vol":"3","page":336},{"text":"الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قال الإمامُ: اللَّهُ أكبر. فقولوا: اللَّهُ أكبر. وإِذا قال: سَمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٢٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ. فذكَره بمثلِه في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ. قال أبو القاسِمِ: لم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلا أبو عاصِم.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ عن سعيدٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٢٩٧ - حَدَّثَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الحسنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ألا أدُلُّكُم على شَيءٍ يُكَفِّرُ اللَّهُ به الخَطايا ويَزيدُ به في الحَسَناتِ؟ \" قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"إسباغُ الوُضوءِ عِندَ المَكارِهِ، وكَثرَةُ الخُطا إلى هَذِه المَساجِدِ، وانتِظارُ الصَّلاةِ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ، ما مِنكُم مِن رجلٍ يَخرُجُ مِن بَيتَه مُتَطَهِّرًا فيُصَلِّى مَعَ المُسلِمينَ الصَّلاةَ في جَماعَةٍ، ثم يَقعُدُ في هذا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٧٧) من طريق أبى عاصم به.","vol":"3","page":337},{"text":"المَسجِدِ يَنتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ الأُخرَى، إلا أن المَلائكَةَ تَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له، اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْه. فإذا قُمتُم إلى الصَّلاةِ فاعدِلوا صُفوفَكُم وأَقيموها، وسُدُّوا الفُرَجَ؛ فإِنِّى أراكُم مِن وراءِ ظَهرِى، فإِذا قال إمامُكُمُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. فقولوا: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِنَّ خَيرَ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ المُقَدَّمُ، وشَرَّها المُؤَخَّرُ، وخَيرَ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ المُؤَخَّرُ، وشَرَّها المُقَدَّمُ، يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ، إذا سَجَدَ الرِّجالُ فاخفِضْنَ أبصارَكُنَّ، لا تَرَينَ عَوْراتِ الرِّجالِ مِن ضيقِ الأُزُرِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٢٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ. فذكَر الحديثَ بمثلِه، إلا أن في كِتابِه: \"ويُصَلِّى مَعَ المُسلِمينَ صَلاةَ الجَماعَةِ\". والباقِى سَواءٌ.\n\n٢٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. قال أبو النَّضرِ: وحَدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو ثَورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - قال: بَينَما نَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نُصَلِّى إذ سمِع رجلًا يقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ كَبيرًا، والحَمدُ للَّهِ كَثيرًا، وسُبحانَ اللَّهِ بُكرَةً وأَصيلًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ القائلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذا وكَذا؟ \" قالَ رجلٌ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ: \"عَجِبتُ لها؛ فُتِحَت لها أبوابُ السَّماءِ\". قال ابنُ عمرَ - ﵄ -:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٢٧، ٧٧٦، ٨٧٧) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. وأحمد (١٠٩٩٤)، والدارمى (٧٢٦) من طريق زهير بن محمد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":338},{"text":"فما تَرَكتُهُنَّ مُنذُ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقولُهُنَّ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-529>بابُ وُجوبِ تَعَلُّمِ ما تُجزِئُ به الصَّلاةُ مِنَ التَّكبيرِ والقُرآنِ والذِّكرِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\nفي حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةِ الدّاخِلِ الذي صَلَّى: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَ هذا، فعَلِّمْنِى. فقالَ: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةَ فكَبِّرْ\". وذكَر الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ ينُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، أن حَجّاجَ بنَ مِنهالٍ حدَّثَهُم، قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أن أهلَ اليَمَنِ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: ابعَثْ معنا رجلًا يُعَلِّمْنا السُّنَّةَ والإِسلامَ. فأَخَذَ بيَدِ أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ، فقالَ: \"هذا أمينُ هَذِه الأُمَّةِ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن عَفّانَ (^٥).\n\n٢٣٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٢٧)، والترمذي (٣٥٩٢)، والنسائي (٨٨٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠١/ ١٥٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٢٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٤٨) عن عفان به. وأيضًا في (١٢٢٦١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٤١٩/ ٥٤).","vol":"3","page":339},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمد بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقارِبونَ، فأَقَمْنا عندَه عِشرينَ لَيلَةً. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَحيمًا رَقيقًا، فظَنَّ أنّا قَدِ اشتَقنا أهلَنا (^١)، وسأَلَنا عَمَّن تَرَكنا في أهلِنا، فأَخبَرناه، فقالَ: \"ارجِعوا إلى أهليكُم فأَقيموا فيهِم، وعَلِّموهُم ومُروهُم، وإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ أحَدُكُم، ثم ليَؤُمَّكُم أكبَرُكُم\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن جَدِّه قال: كَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ إلى عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ شِبلٍ، أنْ أعلِمِ النّاسَ ما سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فَجَمَعَهُم فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تَعَلَّموا القُرآنَ، فإِذا عَلِمتُموه فلا تَغلُوا فيه، ولا تَجفُوا عنه، ولا تأكُلو به، ولا تَستَكثِروا به\" (^٤). وذكَر باقِىَ الحَديثِ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إلى أهلنا\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٨٩) عن مسدد عن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم عن خالد الحذاء عن أبي قلابة به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٩٨، ١٥٦٠١)، والنسائي (٦٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٩٨، ١٥١٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن علية به. وتقدم في (١٨٢٨، ١٩٦٣، ١٩٦٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٠٠٨)، ومسلم (٦٧٤/ ٢٩٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٩٠)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٤٤٤)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٦٦٦).","vol":"3","page":340},{"text":"٢٣٠٣ - حَدَّثَناه الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي راشِدٍ الحُبرانِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ شِبلٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٣) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ وأبو عُمَرَ وآدَمُ قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أخبرَنِي عَلقَمَةُ بنُ مَرثَدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعدَ بنَ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عثمانَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ خَيرَكُم مَن عَلَّمَ القُرآنَ وتَعَلَّمَه\". قال: وأَقرأَ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ في إمرَةِ عثمانَ حَتَّى كان الحَجّاجُ، وقالَ: ذاكَ أقعَدَنِى مَقعَدِى هَذا (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) سهل بن محمد بن سليمان أبو الطيب الصعلوكى الزيادى النيسابورى، الفقيه الشافعي، قال الخليلى: الإمام في وقته، متفق عليه. . . عديم النظير في وقته علمًا ودينًا. وقال الحاكم: هو أنظر من رأينا. وقال أبو إسحاق الشيرازي: كان أبو الطيب فقيهًا أديبًا، جمع رئاسة الدنيا والدين، وأخذ عنه فقهاء نيسابور. توفى سنة (٤٠٤ هـ). ينظر الإرشاد للخليلى (٧٧٣)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٠٧، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكي ٤/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٦٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٠) من طريق أبان به. وأيضًا في (١٥٦٦٨) من طريق همام عن يحيى به.\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٩٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٥٢) عن أبي عمر حفص بن عمر به. وأحمد (٤١٢، ٤١٣)، والترمذي (٢٩٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١١) من طرق عن شعبة به.","vol":"3","page":341},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ (^١).\n\n٢٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ (^٢) عَبدوسُ بنُ الحسينِ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ماهانَ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ أبى عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ موسَى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما نَحَلَ والِدٌ ولَدًا خَيرًا له مِن أدَبٍ حَسَنٍ\" (^٣). أيُّوبُ بنُ موسَى هو ابنُ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عامِرِ [بنِ أبي عامرٍ] (^٤).\n\n٢٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ (^٥) بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: تَعَلَّموا العَرَبيَّةَ (^٦).\n\n٢٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٠٢٧).\n(^٢) في د: \"العباس\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٦٧٣). وسيأتي في (٥١٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٠٣، ١٦٧١٠، ١٦٧١٧)، والترمذي (١٩٥٢) من طريق عامر به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٧١: وهو ضعيف، والخبر مرسل.\n(^٤) ليس في: د.\nوالحديث أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (١٦٧٣) من طريق مسلم والقواريرى عن عامر به.\n(^٥) في د: \"حفص\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في جامع بيان العلم (٢٢٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"3","page":342},{"text":"حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ -، قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ إذا سمِع بَعضَ ولَدِه يَلحَنُ ضَرَبَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-530>بابُ جَهرِ الإمامِ بالتَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ (^٢) الصَّقْرِ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ قالَ: اشتَكَى أبو هريرةَ أو غابَ، فصَلَّى أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ، فجَهَرَ بالتَّكبيرِ حينَ افتَتَحَ، وحينَ رَكَعَ، وبَعدَ أن قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. وحينَ رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ، وحينَ سَجَدَ، وحينَ رَفَعَ، وحينَ قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ، حَتَّى قَضَى صَلاتَه على ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا انصرَفَ قيلَ له: قَدِ اختَلَفَ النّاسُ على صَلاتِك. فخَرَجَ حَتَّى قامَ عِندَ المِنبَرِ فقالَ: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّي واللَّهِ ما أُبالِي اختَلَفَت صَلاتُكُم أو لم تَختَلِفْ، إنِّي رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - هَكَذا يُصَلِّى (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ عن فُلَيحِ بنِ سليمانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٨٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الأدب المفرد (٦٧٦).\n(^٢) بعده في د: \"أبى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨٠) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٢٥).","vol":"3","page":343},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ فيَرفَعُ صَوتَه بالتَّكبيرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-531>بابٌ: لا يُكَبِّرُ المأمومُ حتَّى يَفرُغَ الإمامُ من التَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قالَ: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فلا تَختَلِفوا عليه، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلّوا جُلوسًا أجمَعونَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-532>بابٌ: لا يُقيمُ المُؤَذِّنُ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ الإمامُ</span>\n\n٢٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سلمةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، أخبرَنا سِماكٌ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قالَ: كان بلالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ إذا دَحَضَت - يَعنِى الشَّمسَ - فلا يُقيمُ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -، فإِذا خَرَجَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٠٨٢)، وعنه أحمد (٨١٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٢)، ومسلم عقب (٤١٤).","vol":"3","page":344},{"text":"أقامَ الصَّلاةَ حينَ يَراه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ الحَوْضِيُّ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: أَخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ بنَ يِسافٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: المُؤَذِّنُ أملَكُ بالأذانِ، والإِمامُ أملَكُ بالإِقامَةِ (^٣).\nورُوِى عن شَريكٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٤)، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-533>بابٌ: كَم بَينَ الأذانِ والإقامَةِ</span>؟\n\n٢٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبي الحسنِ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ المُزَنِيُّ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ - ثَلاثًا - لِمَن شاءَ\" (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٥٢) من طريق زهير به. وتقدم في (١٨٢٧) من طريق أبى خيثمة عن إسحاق، وفى (٢٠٩٠) من طريق شريك، كلاهما عن سماك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٢١٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٣٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤١٩٠) من طريق سفيان عن منصور به. وصححه الألباني في الضعيفة عقب (٤٦٦٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٣٢٧ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٧٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٧) من طريق الجريرى به. =","vol":"3","page":345},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الجُرَيرِىِّ (^١).\n\n٢٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ عامِرٍ الأنصارِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: إنْ كان المُؤَذِّنُ إذا أذَّنَ قامَ ناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَبتَدِرونَ السَّوارِى يُصَلُّونَ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ عليهم (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهُم كَذَلِكَ؛ يُصَلُّونَ الرَّكعَتَينِ قبلَ المَغرِبِ، ولَم يَكُنْ بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ شَئٌ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤)، ورواه عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ: وكانَ بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ قَريبٌ. يَعنِى به في صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ (^٥).\n\n٢٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ ولَقَبُه حَمدانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مُبارَكٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n= وسيأتي في (٤٥٥٠) من طريق الجريرى، وفى (٤٥٤٩، ٤٥٥٢، ٤٥٥٣) من طريق كهمس عن ابن بريدة به.\n(^١) البخاري (٦٢٤)، ومسلم عقب (٨٣٨).\n(^٢) ليس في: د.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢٨٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٤٨٩) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١٣٩٨٣) عن محمد بن جعفر به. والنسائي (٦٨١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه الإسماعيلى في مستخرجه - كما في فتح الباري ٢/ ١٠٨ - من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.","vol":"3","page":346},{"text":"عبدُ المُنعِمِ خَتَنُ (^١) عمرِو بنِ فائدٍ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحسنِ وعَطاءٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِبِلالٍ: \"يا بلالُ اجعَلْ بَينَ أذانِكَ وإِقامَتِكَ بقَدرِ ما يَفرُغُ الآكِلُ مِن أكلِه، والشّارِبُ مِن شُربِه، والمُعتَصِرُ مِن حاجَتِه، ولا تَقوموا حَتَّى تَرَوْنِى\" (^٢). في إسنادِه نَظَرٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-534>بابُ الإمامِ يَخرُجُ فإِن رأى جَماعَةً أقامَ الصَّلاةَ وإِلا جَلَسَ حَتَّى يَرَى مِنهُم جَماعَةً، إذا كان في الوَقتِ سَعَةٌ</span>\n\n٢٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زكريا بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَخرُجُ بعدَ النِّداءِ إلى المَسجِدِ، فإِذا رأَىَ أهلَ المَسجِدِ قَليلًا جَلَسَ حَتَّى يَرَى مِنهُم جَماعَةً ثم يُصَلِّى، وكانَ إذا خَرَجَ فرأَى جَماعَةً أقامَ الصَّلاةَ.\n\n٢٣١٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ أيضًا، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - مِثلَ هذا الحَديثِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الختن: عند العرب كل من كان من قرابة الزوجة كالأب والأخ، وختن الرجل عند العامة زوج ابنته. المصباح المنير ص ٦٣ (خ ت ن).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٠٣٢).\n(^٣) فوائد الفاكهى (١١٤، ١١٥)، ومن طريقه ابن بشران في الأمالى (٩٤٨).","vol":"3","page":347},{"text":"ورواه أيضًا أبو عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-535>بابُ مَتَى يَقومُ المأمومُ </span>(^٢)\n\n٢٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: كانَتِ الصَّلاةُ تُقامُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيأخُذُ النّاسُ مَقامَهُم قبلَ أن يأخُذَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مَقامَه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٣١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ كَهمَسٍ، عن أبيه كَهمَسٍ قال: قُمنا بمِنًى إلى الصَّلاةِ والإِمامُ لم يَخرُجْ، فقَعَدَ بَعضُنا، فقالَ لِي شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ: ما يُقعِدُكَ؟ قُلتُ: ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ. قال: هذا السُّمودُ (^٥). فقالَ لِيَ الشيخُ: حدَّثَنى به عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كُنّا نَقومُ في الصَّلاةِ صُفوفًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - طَويلًا قبلَ أنْ يُكَبِّرَ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٤٥، ٥٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به، وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٧، ١٠٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"الإمام\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٤١) من طريق داود بن رشيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٠٥/ ١٥٩).\n(^٥) السامد: المنتصب إذا كان رافعًا رأسه ناصبًا صدره. والمقصود الإنكار على من يقوم قبل أن يرى الإمام. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٨، وعون المعبود ٢/ ١٧٤.","vol":"3","page":348},{"text":"وقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلّونَ على الَّذين يَلونَ الصَّفَّ الأوّلَ، وما مِن خُطوَةٍ أحَبَّ إلى اللهِ جلَّ ثناؤُه مِن خُطوَةٍ يَمشيها يَصِلُ بها صَفًّا\" (^١).\nوالَّذِى رُوِى عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ في هذا الحديثِ قَد رُوِى أيضًا عن عَلِىٍّ؛ رُوِى عن أبي خالِدٍ الوالِبِيِّ قال: خَرَجَ إلَينا عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - ونَحنُ قيامٌ فقالَ: ما لِي أراكُم سامِدينَ؟! يَعنِى قيامًا (^٢).\nوسُئلَ إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ: أيَنتَظِرونَ الإمامَ قيامًا أو قُعودًا (^٣)؟ قال: لا، بَل قُعودًا.\nوالأشبَهُ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقومونَ إلى الصَّلاةِ قبلَ خُروجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ويأخُذونَ مَقامَهُم قبلَ أن يأخُذَ، ثم أمَرَهُم بأَن لا يَقوموا حَتَّى يَرَوه قَد خَرَجَ، تَخفيفًا عَلَيهِم.\n\n٢٣١٩ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا تَقوموا حَتَّى تَرَونِى\" (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٤٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٣٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤١١٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٤٢٠٥) من طريق أبى خالد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤١١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٣٣، ٢٢٦٤١)، والنسائي (٧٨٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٣٧).","vol":"3","page":349},{"text":"٢٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وعَبدُ الرزاقِ قالا: حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا تَقوموا حَتَّى تَرَونِى قَد خَرَجتُ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن شَيبانَ عن يَحيَى: \"حَتَّى تَرَونِى قَد خَرَجتُ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الحَجّاجُ الصَّوَّافُ عن يَحيَى مِن رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عَنه (^٤). ورواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن مَعمَرٍ، وأبو نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ، وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن الحَجَّاجِ دونَ قَولِه: \"قَد خَرَجتُ\" (^٥).\nوأَمَّا الذي يَرويه بَعضُ المُتَفَقِّهَةِ في هذا الحديثِ: \"حَتَّى تَرَونِى قائمًا في الصَّفِّ\". فلَم يَبلُغْنا. ورُوِّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه إذا قيلَ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. وثَبَ فقامَ. وعَنِ الحسينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبِ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يَفعَلُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٣٢)، بدون قوله: \"قد خرجت\". وأخرجه الترمذي (٥٩٢)، والنسائي (٦٨٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"الصواف\".\nوالحديث عند مسلم (٦٠٤/. . .).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٠٤/. . .).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٢٦) عن محمد بن بشار. بدون قوله: \"قد خرجت\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٧٧). وأخرجه الحميدي (٤٢٧) عن سفيان به. والبخاري (٦٣٨) عن أبي نعيم عن شيبان به. ومسلم (٦٠٤/ ١٥٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":350},{"text":"ذَلِكَ، وهو قَولُ عَطاءٍ والحَسَنِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-536>بابُ لا يُكَبِّرُ الإمامُ حَتَّى يأمُرَ بتَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ خَلفَه</span>\n\n٢٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ وأبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ رَضِىَ اللهُ تعالَى عنه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعدَ أن أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ قبلَ أن يُكَبِّرَ أقبَلَ بوَجهِه على أصحابِه فقالَ: \"أقيموا صُفوفَكُم وتَراصُّوا؛ فإنِّى أواكُم مِن وراءِ ظَهرِى\". قال: فلَقَد رأَيتُ الرَّجُلَ يُلزِقُ مَنكِبَه بمَنكِبِ أخيه إذا قامَ في الصَّلاةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٣٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فأَقبَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"أقيموا صُفوفَكُم وتَراصُّوا؛ فإِنِّى أراكُم مِن وراءِ ظَهرِى\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٣٦ - ١٩٣٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤١١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠١١)، والنسائي (٨١٣، ٨٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢١٧٣) من طرق عن حميد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٧٨) عن معاوية به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٩).","vol":"3","page":351},{"text":"٢٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ (^١)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُسَوِّى صُفوفَنا حَتَّى كأَنَّما يُسَوِّى بها القِداحَ (^٢)، حَتَّى رأَى (^٣) أنَّا قَد عَقَلنا عنه، ثم خَرَجَ يَومًا فقامَ حَتَّى كادَ يُكَبِّرُ، فرأَى رجلًا باديًا صَدرُه مِنَ الصَّفِّ فقالَ: \"عِبادَ اللهِ، لَتُسَوُّنَّ صُفوفَكُم أو لَيُخالِفَنَّ اللهُ بَينَ وُجوهِكُم\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٢٣٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ (^٦) مُعاذٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ الحارِثِ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى صَغيرَةَ، عن سِماكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُسَوِّى صُفوفَنا إذا قُمنا لِلصَّلاةِ، فإِذا استَوَينا كَبَّرَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بشير\".\n(^٢) القداح: خشب السهام حين تنحت وتُبْرى، واحدها قِدْح. إكمال المملم ٢/ ١٩٤.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يرى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٢٧)، وأبو داود (٦٦٣)، والترمذي (٢٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٩٤) من طرق عن سماك به. وسيأتي في (٥٢٤٧، ٥٢٤٨) من طرق أخرى عن سماك.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٣٦/ ١٢٨).\n(^٦) في م: \"معاذ بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٥٨.\n(^٧) أبو داود (٦٦٥).","vol":"3","page":352},{"text":"٢٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يأمُرُ بتَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ، فإِذا جاءوه فأَخبَروه أن قَدِ استَوَت كَبَّرَ (^١).\n\n٢٣٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلِ ابنِ مالِكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ - ﵁ - فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ وأَنا أُكَلِّمُه في أن يَفرِضَ لِى، فلَم أزَلْ أُكَلِّمُه وهو يُسَوِّى الحَصباءَ بنَعلَيه، حَتَّى جاءَه رِجالٌ قَد وكَّلَهُم بتَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ، فأَخبَروه أن الصُّفوفَ قَدِ استَوَت، فقالَ لِي: استَوِ في الصَّفِّ. ثم كَبَّرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-537>بابُ ما يقولُ في الأمرِ بتَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ</span>\n\n٢٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ السّائبِ صاحِبِ المَقصورَةِ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ يَومًا، فقالَ: هَل تَدرِى لِمَ صُنِعَ هذا العودُ؟ قُلتُ: لا واللَّهِ. قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَضَعُ عليه يَدَه فيَقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٥٨، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٢٤٠٨).","vol":"3","page":353},{"text":"\"استَووا، اعدِلوا صُفوفَكُم\" (^١).\n\n٢٣٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أنَسٍ بهَذا الحديثِ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ أخَذَه بيَمينِه، ثم التَفَتَ فقالَ: \"اعتَدِلوا (^٢)، سوُّوا صُفوفَكُم\". ثم أخَذَه بيَسارِه قالَ: \"اعتَدِلوا (^٢)، سَوُّوا صُفوفَكُم\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى: وسائرُ السُّنَنِ في تَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ وكَيفيَّتِها مُخَرَّجَةٌ في أبوابِ الإمامَةِ بمَشيئَةِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-538>بابُ الإمامِ تَعرِضُ له الحاجَةُ بعدَ الإقامَةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُناجِى رجلًا في جانِبِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٦٩) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضيف أبي داود (١٢٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"اعدلوا\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٧٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٦٨) من طريق مسدد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (١٣٠).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٥٢٤١ - ٥٢٥٤) وما بعدها.","vol":"3","page":354},{"text":"المَسجِدِ، فما قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى نامَ القَومُ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرُّوخَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-539>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّه يُكَبِّرُ قبلَ فراغِ المُؤَذِّنِ مِنَ الإقامَةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَهمٍ. قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ جَميلٍ، قالا: حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ فرّوخَ التَّميمِيُّ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا العَوَّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى - ﵁ - قال: كان إذا قال بلالٌ: قَد قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ. نَهَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَبَّرَ (^٣). وهَذا لا يَرويه إلا الحَجّاجُ بنُ فرُّوخَ (^٤)، وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يُضَعِّفُه (^٥).\n\n٢٣٣١ - حدثنا أبو سَعدٍ (^٦) الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ بُندارِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٤٤) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (١١٩٨٧، ١٢٣١٤)، والنسائي (٧٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٧) من طريق عبد العزيز بن صهيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٢)، ومسلم (٣٧٦/ ١٢٣).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٤٩. وأبو يعلى - كما في الإتحاف للبوصيرى (١٣٤٤). وقال البوصيرى: هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف الحجاج.\n(^٤) هو حجاج بن فروخ الواسطى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٦٥، وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٢٨٤، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٢٠٣، ٨/ ٢٠٢، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٥٠، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ١٠٢.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"سعيد\".","vol":"3","page":355},{"text":"الحسينِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عن بلالٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّه سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ (^١).\n\n٢٣٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو زكريا الحِنّائيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: قال بلالٌ - ﵁ - لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: لا تَسبِقْنى بآمينَ.\nكَذا رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن عاصِمٍ مُرسَلًا. ورُوِى بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ عن عاصِمٍ عن أبي عثمانَ عن سَلمانَ قال: قال بلال (^٢). ولَيسَ بشَئٍ؛ إنَّما رَواه (^٣) الجَماعَةُ الثِّقاتُ عن عاصِمٍ دونَ ذِكرِ سَلمانَ.\nورواه محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ عن عاصِمٍ بلَفظٍ آخَرَ:\n\n٢٣٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ في \"المسند\"، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: قال بلالٌ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\" (^٤).\nورواه شُعبَةُ عن عاصِمٍ، وقالَ: عن بلالٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٣١٤) عن محمد بن أبي بكر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٠٣٢)، والبزار (١٣٧٥)، والطبرانى (١١٢٥) من طريق عاصم الاحول به. وسيأتي في (٢٤٧٦، ٢٤٧٧).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"رواية\".\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٣٨٨٣). وسيأتي في (٢٤٧٨).","vol":"3","page":356},{"text":"تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\" (^١). فيَرجِعُ الحديثُ إلى أن بلالًا كأَنَّه كان يُؤَمِّنُ قبلَ تأمينِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\". واللهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-540>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في التَّكبيرِ في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ الحُسَينِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ يُحاذِى بهِما مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، ولا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-541>بابُ مَن قال: يَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيهِ</span>\nاتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ وسُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ وشُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ وعُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ وغَيرِهِم عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في الرَّفعِ حَذوَ المَنكِبَينِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ هو في رِوايَةِ أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٤٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٠)، وعنه أبو داود (٧٢١)، والترمذي (٢٥٥، ٢٥٦)، والنسائى (١٠٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٨٥٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢١)، والبخارى (٧٣٥، ٧٣٦).\n(^٤) ستأتي هذه الروايات في (٢٣٤٧، ٢٥٣٩، ٢٥٤٢، ٢٥٤٥، ٢٥٧٦، ٢٦٤١، ٦٢٥٧).","vol":"3","page":357},{"text":"عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وكَذَلِكَ هو في رِوايَةِ أبى حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ في عَشَرَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٢٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاح، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^١). حَمَّادٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ، وقَدِ استَشهَدَ البخاريُّ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ البَصْرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ (^٣) بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ في عَشَرَةٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ الحارِثُ بنُ رِبعِيٍّ، فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ. وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ، ووَصَفَ رَفعَ يَدَيه عِندَ الرُّكوعِ، وعَندَ رَفعِ الرّأسِ مِنه، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ، وقالَ في كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما: حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٦٢) عن عفان به. وسيأتى في (٢٥٤٨، ٢٥٤٩).\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٧٣٩).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عمر\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٣٠، ٩٦٣)، والترمذي (٣٠٥)، وابن ماجه =","vol":"3","page":358},{"text":"وَكَذَلِكَ هو في رِوايَةِ علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٢٣٣٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحسينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ (^١) بنُ عليٍّ الطَّسْتِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رِبحِ (^٢) بنِ سليمان البَزّازُ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى وهو ابنُ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ القُرَشِىِّ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، وكانَ لا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في شَئٍ مِن سُجودِه، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ السَّجدَتَينِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ هو في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ:\n_________\n= (١٠٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨٨، ٦٢٥) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (٢٣٥٩٩)، والنسائي (١٠٣٨، ١١٠٠) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (٢٥٥٥، ٢٨٥٧).\n(^١) في س: \"العزيز\".\n(^٢) في س: \"رمح\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٦١١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٧)، وأبو داود (٧٤٤، ٧٦١) والترمذي (٣٤٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨٤) من طريق سليمان بن داود به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وأخرجه البخاري في رفع اليدين ص ٢٢، وقال: وكذلك يروى عن سبعة عشر نفسًا من أصحاب النبي - ﷺ - أنهم كانوا يرفعون أيديهم عند الركوع. وسئل أحمد عن حديث على هذا، فقال: صحيح. ينظر نصب الراية ١/ ٤١٢.","vol":"3","page":359},{"text":"٢٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: حدَّثَنى وائلُ بنُ حُجرٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وبَعدَ ما يَرفَعُ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ. قال وائلٌ: ثم أتَيتُهُم في الشِّتاءِ فرأَيتُهُم يَرفَعونَ أيديَهُم في البَرانِسِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الحُمَيدِيُّ (^٢) وغَيرُه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ. وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن عاصِمٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ سليمانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّخَعِيِّ، عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أبصَرَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - حينَ قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا بحِيالِ مَنكِبَيه، وحاذَى إبهامَيه أُذُنَيه ثم كَبَّرَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٦٥)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٠. وأخرجه النسائي (١١٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٨٨٥٠)، وأبو داود (٧٢٦، ٩٥٧)، والترمذي (٢٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٨١٠، ٩١٢) من طرق عن عاصم به مطولًا ومختصرًا، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٨٨٥).\n(^٣) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٥٥٣، ٢٧٣١).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٧٢٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٤٥).","vol":"3","page":360},{"text":"ورواه الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ وأبو عَوانَةَ وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ وبِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وجَماعَةٌ عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، فقالوا في الحديث: فرَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى حاذَتا أُذُنَيه. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: حِذاءَ أُذُنَيهِ (^١). ورواه شَريكٌ عن عاصِمٍ، وقالَ: رَفَعَ يَدَيه حِيالَ أُذُنَيهِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ هو في الرِّوايَةِ الثّابِتَةِ (^٣) عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ وائلٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ عن وائلٍ (^٤)، وفِي رِوايَةٍ ثابِتَةٍ (^٥) عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما أُذُنَيه. وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى ثابِتَةٍ: حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما فُروعَ أُذُنَيهِ:\n\n٢٣٤٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرني أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ، عن سعيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كَبَّرَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما فُروعَ أُذُنَيه، وإِذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٢٦)، والنسائي (١٢٦٤) من طريق بشر بن المفضل. وتقدم تخريجه من طرق عن عاصم في (٢٣٣٨). وسيأتي من طريق زائدة في (٢٣٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٢٨) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) في س: \"الثانية\".\n(^٤) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٥٥٢).\n(^٥) في س: \"ثانية\".","vol":"3","page":361},{"text":"رَكَعَ كَذَلِكَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ كَذَلِكَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\nورواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، وقالَ في أوَّلِه: رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يَجعَلَهُما قَريبًا مِن أُذُنَيهِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ عن قَتادَةَ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه (^٤)، وقالَ في الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى: إلى فُروعِ أُذُنَيه. ورواه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ، فقالَ: حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما فُروعَ أُذُنَيه. وفِي رِوايَةٍ: حَذوَ مَنكِبَيهِ.\nوإِذا اختَلَفَت هَذِه الرِّواياتُ، فإِمَّا أن يُؤخَذَ بالجَميعِ فيُخَيَّرَ بَينَهُما، وإِمّا أن تُترَكَ رِوايَةُ مَنِ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ عليه، ويُؤخَذَ برِوايَةِ مَن لم يُختَلَفْ عَلَيهِ. قال الشافعيُّ ﵀: لأنَّها أثبَتُ إسنادًا، وأَنَّها حَديثُ عَدَدٍ، والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ومَعَ رِوايَتِهِم فِعلُ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -:\n\n٢٣٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٨٤) عن محمد بن المثنى به - وعنده \"شعبة\" بدل \"سعيد\" - وأحمد (١٥٦٠٠) عن ابن أبي عدى به. وأحمد (١٥٦٠٤) من طريق سعيد به. وسيأتي في (٢٥٥١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩١/ ٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٣٦)، والنسائي (٨٨٠، ١٠٢٣) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٥٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٧٧.","vol":"3","page":362},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، أن عمرَ - ﵁ - كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إلى المَنكِبَينِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكذَلِكَ كان يَفعَلُ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ وأبو هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٤٢ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أَسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبِ - ﵁ - قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تكونا حَذوَ أُذُنَيهِ (^٣).\nيَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-542>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في الافتِتاحِ مَعَ التَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٥٣٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٢٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٥١٩، ٢٥٢٠، ٢٥٢٥)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٢٦، ٢٤٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٧٤) عن أسباط به. والبخاري في جزء رفع اليدين ص ٨٨ من طريق سفيان الثوري عن يزيد بن أبي زياد به.\n(^٤) هو يزيد بن أبي زياد، أبو عبد الله القرشي الهاشمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٨/ ٣٣٤، والمجروحين ٣/ ٩٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٣٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٣٢٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٦٥: ضعيف، كبر فتغير، صار يتلقن، وكان شيعيًّا.","vol":"3","page":363},{"text":"ابنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ التَّكبيرَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ يُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يَجعَلَهُما حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم إذا كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم إذا قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ: \"رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ولا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ حينَ يَسجُدُ ولا حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ مالكٍ وابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيهِ (^٣). وهو في مَعنَى رِوايَةِ شُعَيبٍ إلا أن رِوايَةَ شُعَيبٍ أبيَنُ.\n\n٢٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ البُرجُلانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ المَسعودِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الجَبَّارِ بنَ وائلٍ قال: حدَّثنى أهلُ بَيتِى، عن أبي وائلٍ، أنَّه كان حينَ قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رآه يَرفَعُ يَدَيه مَعَ التَّكبيرِ، ويَضَعُ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى في الصَّلاةِ، ويَسجُدُ بَينَ كَفَّيهِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عامِرٍ اليَحصُبِيُّ عن وائلٍ:\n\n٢٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٨٧٥) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٨).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٢٦٤١). وتقدم في (٢٣٣٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٤٤، ١٨٨٥٢)، وأبو داود (٧٢٥) من طريق المسعودى به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٦٦٥)، وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٣٣٩). وما سيأتي في (٢٣٥٦، ٢٥٥٢).","vol":"3","page":364},{"text":"أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ رِبحٍ السَّمّاكُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي البَختَرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ اليَحصُبِىِّ، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه مَعَ التَّكبيرِ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ - أو قال: سَجَدَ - ورأَيتُه يُسَلِّمُ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-543>بابُ الابتِداءِ بالرَّفعِ قبلَ الابتِداءِ بالتَّكبيرِ</span>\n\n٢٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، أن ابنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم كَبَّرَ (^٢). وساقَ الحديثَ.\n\n٢٣٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن ابنَ عمرَ - ﵄ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ لِلصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم كَبَّرَ، وإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ولا يَفعَلُه حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٤٨، ١٨٨٥٣)، والدارمى (١٢٨٧) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٨٠: غريب.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٥١٨). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٧، ٢٨٨ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن بشر به. وينظر التخريج التالى.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٥١٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٥٦) من طريق محمد بن رافع به.","vol":"3","page":365},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ في هذا الحديثِ: رأَيتُه إذا كَبَّرَ جَعَلَ يَدَيه حِذاءَ مَنكِبَيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-544>بابُ الابتِداءِ بالتَّكبيرِ قبلَ الابتِداءِ بالرَّفعِ</span>\n\n٢٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ يَعنى الحَذّاءَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، أنَّه رأى مالِكَ بنَ الحوَيرِثِ إذا صَلَّى كَبَّرَ، ثم رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وحَدَّثَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ هَذا (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخاريُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ الواسِطِىِّ عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وقالَ: إذا صَلَّى كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢٢). وينظر ما تقدم (٢٣٣٤).\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٥٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٣٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي مسندًا (٢٥٨٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٦٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٨٥)، وابن حبان (١٨٧٣) من طريق خالد بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٩١/ ٢٤)، والبخاري (٧٣٧).","vol":"3","page":366},{"text":"ورِوايَةُ مَن دَلَّت رِوايَتُه على الرَّفعِ مَعَ التَّكبيرِ أثبَتُ وأَكثَرُ فهىَ أولَى بالاتِّباعِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-545>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سَمعانَ قالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَينا أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - مَسجِدَ الزُّرَقيّينَ فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه مَدًّا ثم سَكَتَ هُنَيَّةً يَسأَلُ اللهَ مِن فضلِه، وكانَ يُكَبِّرُ إذا خَفَضَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ (^١).\n\n٢٣٥٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سَمعانَ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَينا أبو هريرةَ مَسجِدَ بنى زُرَيقٍ فقالَ: ثَلاثٌ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعمَلُ بهِنَّ تَرَكَهُنَّ النّاسُ، كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ قالَ هَكَذا. وأَشارَ أبو عامِرٍ بيَدِه ولَم يُفَرِّجْ بَينَ أصابِعِه ولَم يَضُمَّها (^٢).\n\n٢٣٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٤٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠٨، ١٠٤٩٢)، والترمذي (٢٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٣) هن طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٣١١٨).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٥٩)، وابن حبان (١٧٧٧) من طريق أبى عامر العقدى به بنحوه.","vol":"3","page":367},{"text":"أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ ابنُ الأصبَهانِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سَمعانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ نَشَرَ أصابِعَه نَشرًا (^١).\n\n٢٣٥٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَرفَعُ يَدَيه مَدًّا. يَعنى في الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ: إنَّ ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ التَّكبيرِ.\n\n٢٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قامَ في صلاةِ فريضَةٍ ولا تَطَوُّعٍ إلا شَهَرَ يَدَيه إلى السَّماءِ يَدعو ثم يُكَبِّرُ بَعدُ. تابَعَه جَريرٌ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ.\nوقَد رُوِى في حَديثٍ أنَّه قال: \"إذا استَفتَحَ أحَدُكُمُ الصَّلاةَ فليَرفَعْ يَدَيه ويَستَقبِلْ بباطِنِهِما القِبلَةَ\" (^٣). إلا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ فضَرَبتُ عَلَيه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٧٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن اليمان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٦٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٧٥، ١٠٤٩١) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٨٠١) من حديث ابن عمر. وقال الهيثمي: فيه عمير بن عمران =","vol":"3","page":368},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-546>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في الثَّوبِ</span>\n\n٢٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ الجَرْمِيُّ قال: أخبرَنِي أبى، أن وائلَ بنَ حُجرٍ أخبرَه قال: قُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَيفَ يُصَلِّى. قال: فنَظَرتُ إلَيه قامَ وكَبَّرَ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيهِ. وذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ في آخِرِه: ثم جِئتُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ بزَمانٍ فيه بَردٌ، فرأَيتُ النّاسَ عَلَيهِم جُلُّ الثّيابِ، تَحَرَّكُ أيديهِم مِن تَحتِ الثّيابِ (^١).\n\n٢٣٥٥ - ورواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عاصِمٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: ثم أتَيتُهُم في الشِّتاءِ، فرأَيتُهُم يَرفَعونَ أيديَهُم في البَرانِسِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-547>بابُ وضعِ اليَدِ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n= وهو ضعيف. مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ١٠٢.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧٠)، وأبو داود (٧٢٧)، والنسائي (٨٨٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٦٠) من طريق زائدة به. وتقدم في (٢٣٣٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٣٨).","vol":"3","page":369},{"text":"هَمّامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ (^١) ومَولًى لَهُم أنَّهُما حَدَّثاه، عن أبيه وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، أنَّه رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - حينَ دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ كَبَّرَ - قال أبو عثمانَ: وصَفَّ هَمّامٌ حِيالَ أُذُنَيه - ثم التَحَفَ بثَوبِه، ثم وضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على يَدِه اليُسرَى، فلَمّا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ أخرَجَ يَدَيه مِنَ الثَّوبِ ورَفَعَهُما فكَبَّرَ، فلمَّا قال: \"سِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". رَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَمّا سَجَدَ سَجَدَ بَينَ كَفَّيهِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عَفّانَ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٥٧ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ (^٤) العَنبَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا قامَ في الصَّلاةِ قَبَضَ على شِمالِه بيَمينِه، ورأَيتُ عَلقَمَةَ يَفعَلُه (^٥). قال يَعقوبُ: وموسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ كوفِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ.\n\n٢٣٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) هكذا في النسخ ومختصر الذهبي ١/ ٤٨١، وبعده في مصادر التخريج: \"عن علقمة بن وائل\". وسيأتي على الصواب في (٢٥٥٢). وهو موافق لمصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٠٦) من طريق عفان به. وأبو داود (٧٢٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٦٢) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد عن محمد بن جحادة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٠١).\n(^٤) في د: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ١٢٦.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٤٦)، والنسائي (٨٨٦) من طريق موسى بن عمير به.","vol":"3","page":370},{"text":"عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ الجَرْمِىُّ قال: أخبرَنِى أبى، أن وائلَ بنَ حُجرٍ أخبرَه قال: قُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى. قال: فنَظَرتُ إلَيه قامَ وكَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى حاذَتا بأُذُنَيه، ثم وضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على ظَهرِ كَفِّه اليُسرَى والرُّسغِ مِنَ السّاعِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٣٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وإِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه قال: كان النّاسُ يُؤمَرونَ أن يَضَعَ الرَّجُلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى على ذِراعِه اليُسرَى في الصَّلاةِ. قال أبو حازِمٍ: ولا أعلمُ إلا أنَّه يَنمِى ذَلِكَ. أو كَلِمَةً تُشبِهُها (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وقالَ: قالَ أبو حازِمٍ: ولا أعلَمُه إلا يَنمِى ذَلِكَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٢٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارِ بنِ الرَّيّانِ، عن هُشَيمِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أبي زَينَبَ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهْدِىِّ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى، فوَضَعَ يَدَه اليُسرَى على اليُمنَى، فرآه النبيُّ - ﵁ - فوَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٥٤).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٥٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٨٤٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٤٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٧٥٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٨٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٨١١) من طريق هشيم به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٨٢: رواته ثقات، هكذا رواه هشيم عنه، وخالفه محمد بن الحسن المزني فقال: عن حجاج، عن أبي سفيان عن جابر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٦١).","vol":"3","page":371},{"text":"٢٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ هُلبٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واضعًا يَمينَه على شِمالِه في الصَّلاةِ (^١). هُلبٌ اسمُه يَزيدُ بنُ قُنافَةَ.\nورُوّينا عن الحارِثِ بنِ غُضَيفٍ الكِنْدِىِّ وشَدَّادِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ الأنصارِيِّ، أن كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أحمدَ الخُزاعِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّا مَعاشِرَ الأنبياءِ أُمِرنا بثَلاثٍ؛ بتَعجيلِ الفِطرِ، وتأخيرِ السُّحورِ، ووَضعِ اليَدِ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى في الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ المَجيدِ (^٤)، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ بطَلحَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥) - ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ - عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٦٧) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (٢٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٩) من طريق سماك به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن. وينظر ما سيأتي (٣٦٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٦٧، ١٦٩٦٨) عن الحارث بن غضيف. ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٥٥، والطبرانى (٧١١١) عن شداد بن شرحبيل.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٨٣. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٠٢٩) عن إسحاق بن أحمد به.\n(^٤) هو عبد المجيد بن عبد العزيز بن أبي رواد الأزدي، أبو عبد الحميد المكي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١١٢، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٦٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٦٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٧١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٣٨١، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥١٧: صدوق يخطئ، وكان مرجئًا، أفرط ابن حبان فقال: متروك.\n(^٥) هو طلحة بن عمرو بن عثمان الحضرمى المكي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٥٠، =","vol":"3","page":372},{"text":"ومَرَّةً عن أبي هريرةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\nولَكِنَّ الصَّحيحَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبانٍ الأنصارِىِّ عن عائشةَ وقالَت: ثَلاثٌ مِنَ النُّبوَّةِ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ مِن قَولِها.\n\n٢٣٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، قال مَنصورٌ: حُدِّثنا عن محمدِ بنِ أبانٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ النُّبوَّةِ؛ تَعجيلُ الإِفطارِ، وتأخيرُ السُّحورِ، ووَضعُ اليَدِ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى في الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الجَحدَرِيِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ صُهبانَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢]. قال: هو وضعُ يَمينِكَ على شِمالِكَ في الصَّلاةِ (^٣). كَذا قال شَيخُنا: عاصِمٌ الجَحدَرِىُّ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ صُهبانَ.\n_________\n= والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٤٧٨، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٢٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٢٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٧٩: متروك.\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٨٢٠٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٤. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٢ من طريق هشيم به. وقال عقبه: ولا نعرف لمحمد، يعني ابن أبان، سماعًا من عائشة.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٣٧.","vol":"3","page":373},{"text":"٢٣٦٥ - ورواه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" في تَرجَمَةِ عُقبَةَ بنِ ظَبيانَ، عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن حمَّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، سمِع عاصِمَ (^١) الجَحدَرِيَّ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ ظَبيانَ، عن عليٍّ: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾: وَضْعُ يَدِه اليُمنَى على وسَطِ ساعِدِه على صَدرِهِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ ﵀ قال: أخبرَنا موسَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٢٣٦٦ - قال: وقالَ البخاريُّ: قال لَنا قُتَيبَةُ: عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن عاصِمٍ الجَحدَرِيِّ، عن عُقبَةَ مِن أصحابِ عليٍّ، عن عليٍّ: وضْعُهُما على الكُرسوعِ (^٣).\n\n٢٣٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصيرٍ الخُلْدِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، حدثنا غَزْوانُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان شَديدَ اللُّزومِ لِعَلِىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: كان عَلِىٌّ إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةَ فكَبَّرَ ضرَبَ بيَدِه اليُمنَى على رُسغِه الأيسَرِ، فلا يَزالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَركَعَ، إلا أن يَحُكَّ جِلدًا أو يُصلِحَ ثَوبَه، فإِذا سَلَّمَ سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه: سَلامٌ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما سيأتي في (٤٧٨٣، ٨٣٤٦).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٣٧.\n(^٣) الكرسوع: رأس الزند الذي يلى الخنصر. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٠٠.","vol":"3","page":374},{"text":"عَلَيكُم. ثم يَلتَفِتُ عن شِمالِه فيُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيه، فلا نَدرِى ما يقولُ، ثم يقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللهِ، لا نَعبُدُ إلا إيّاه. ثم يُقبِلُ على القَومِ بوَجهِه، فلا يُبالِي عن يَمينِه انصَرَفَ أو عن شِمالِهِ (^١). هذا إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ.\n\n٢٣٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن زُرعَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: صَفُّ القَدَمَينِ ووَضعُ اليَدِ على اليَدِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-548>بابٌ: وضعُ اليَدَينِ على الصَّدرِ في الصَّلاةِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n٢٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُجْرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ قال: حَضَرتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَضَ (^٣) إلى المَسجِدِ، فدَخَلَ المِحرابَ، ثم رَفَعَ يَدَيه بالتَّكبيرِ، ثم وضَعَ يَمينَه على يُسراه على صَدرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٣٧٠ - ورواه أيضًا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٩٥٧) من طريق عبد السلام به، دون قوله: فإذا سلم. . .\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٥٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٥٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"إذا - أو - حين نهض\".\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٦٦.","vol":"3","page":375},{"text":"كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن وائلٍ، أنَّه رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - وضَعَ يَمينَه على شِمالِه ثم وضَعَهُما على صَدرِهِ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُؤَمِّلٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حبّان أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا أبو الحَريشِ الكِلابِيُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عاصمٌ الجَحدَرِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ صُهبانَ - كَذا قال - أنَّ عَليًّا قال في هَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾. قال: وضعُ يَدِه اليُمنَى على وسْطِ يَدِه اليُسرَى، ثم وضعُهُما على صَدرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٧٢ - وقالَ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَريشِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدشا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن رجلٍ، عن أنَسٍ مِثلَه، أو قال: عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٢٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ البُخارِيِّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ مالكٍ النُّكْرِيُّ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾. قال: وضعُ اليَمينِ على الشِّمالِ في الصَّلاةِ عِندَ النَّحرِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٧٩) من طريق مؤمل به. وأحمد (١٨٨٤٥)، والنسائي (١٢٦٣)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٣٣ (٧٨) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا ومطولًا.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٣٦٤، ٢٣٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤٤٣ من طريق عمرو بن مالك النكرى به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٨٤: روح تركه ابن حبان، وقال ابن معين: صويلح. وينظر تفسير البغوي ٤/ ٥٣٤، والتمهيد ٢٠/ ٧٨.","vol":"3","page":376},{"text":"٢٣٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدٌ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ قال: أمَرَنِى عَطاءٌ أن أسأَلَ سَعيدًا: أينَ تَكونُ اليَدانِ في الصَّلاةِ، فوقَ السُّرَّةِ أو أسفَلَ مِنَ السُّرَّةِ؟ فسأَلتُه فقالَ: فوقَ السُّرَّةِ (^١). يَعنِى به سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ.\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو مِجلَزٍ لاحِقُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ (^٢)، وأَصَحُّ أثَرٍ رُوِى في هذا البابِ أثَرُ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وأَبِى مِجلَزٍ، ورُوِى عن عليٍّ: تَحتَ السُّرَّةِ. وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ.\n\n٢٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زكريا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنى زيادُ بنُ زَيدٍ السُّوائيُّ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ في الصَّلاةِ وضعَ الكَفِّ على الكَفِّ تَحتَ السُّرَّةِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤). ورواه حَفصُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في الأمالى (٥٤) عن ابن جريج به. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٧٥٧) عن سعيد وأبى مجلز.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٩٥٩). وينظر الحاشية السابقة.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٥) من طريق ابن أبي زائدة به. وأبو داود (٧٥٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث عن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٦ من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"3","page":377},{"text":"غياثٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ كما:\n\n٢٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إنَّ مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ وضعَ اليَمينِ على الشِّمالِ تَحتَ السُّرَّةِ (^١).\nعبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إسحاقَ هذا هو الواسِطِىُّ القُرَشِىُّ (^٢)، جَرَحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٣) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٤) والبُخارِيُّ (^٥) وغَيرُهُم.\nورواه أيضًا عبدُ الرحمنِ، عن سَيّارٍ (^٦)، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ كَذَلِكَ (^٧). وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إسحاقَ مَتروكٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-549>بابُ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ بعدَ التَّكبيِر</span>\n\n٢٣٧٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٢) عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق بن الحارث، أبو شيبة الواسطى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٥٩، وضعفاء العقيلى ٢/ ٣٢٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥١٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ١٣٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٧٢: ضعيف.\n(^٣) علل أحمد ٢/ ٢٨٦، وسنن أبي داود عقب (٧٥٨)، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢١٣، والكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦١٣.\n(^٤) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٣٤٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦١٣.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"يسار\"، وفي د: \"سفيان\". والمثبت من مصدر التخريج. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٥/ ٣٩٢.\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٥٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"3","page":378},{"text":"ابنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدَّثَنى عَمِّى الماجِشونُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ الماجِشونُ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ قال: \"وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ حَنيفًا وما أنا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، إنَّ صَلاتِى ونُسُكِى ومَحياىَ ومَماتِى للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ، لا شَريكَ له وبِذَلِكَ أُمِرتُ وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ المَلِكُ لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ، أنتَ رَبِّى وأَنا عَبدُكَ، ظَلَمتُ نَفسِى واعتَرَفتُ بذَنبِى، فاغفِرْ لِى ذُنوبِى جَميعًا، لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلا أنتَ، واهدِنِى لأحسَنِ الأخلاقِ، لا يَهدِى لأحسَنِها إلا أنتَ، واصرِفْ عَنِّى سَيِّئَها، لا يَصرِفُ عَنِّى سَيِّئَها إلا أنتَ، لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، والخَيرُ كُلُّه في يَدَيكَ، والشَّرُّ لَيسَ إلَيكَ، أنا بكَ وإِلَيكَ، تَبارَكتَ وتَعالَيتَ، أستَغفِرُكَ وأَتوبُ إلَيكَ\". فإِذا رَكَعَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسلَمتُ، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمعِى وبَصَرِى، ومُخِّى وعِظامِى وعَصَبِى\". فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ وما بَينَهُما، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَئٍ بَعدُ\". فإِذا سَجَدَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسلَمتُ، سجَدَ وجهِىَ للَّذِى خَلَقَه فصوَّرَه، فشَقَّ سَمعَه وبَصَرَه، تَبارَكَ اللَّهُ أحسَنُ الخالِقينَ\". ثم يَكونُ مِن آخِرِ ما يقولُ بَينَ التَّشَهُّدِ والسَّلامِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِى ما قَدَّمتُ وما أخَّرتُ، وما أسرَرتُ وما أعلَنتُ وما","vol":"3","page":379},{"text":"أسرَفتُ، وما أنتَ أعلمُ به مِنِّى، أنتَ المُقَدِّمُ وأَنتَ المُؤَخِّرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا استَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ كَبَّرَ. ثم قال: وقالَ: \"وأَنا أوَّلُ المُسلِمينَ\". وقالَ: وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ ومِلءَ ما بَينَهُما، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَئٍ بَعدُ\". وقالَ: \"فصَوَّرَه فأَحسَنَ صورَتَه، وشَقَّ سَمعَه وبَصَرَه، تَبارَكَ اللهُ أحسَنُ الخالِقينَ\". فإِذا سَلَّمَ قال. فذكَر الدُّعاءَ ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"وما أسرَفتُ\". رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، وذكَر قَولَه: \"وما أسرَفتُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٣٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطِيُّ وأَنا سأَلتُه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٧)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٦٦)، وجاء في الطيالسي: عن عمى الماجشون عبد الله بن أبي سلمة. وهو خطأ كما أشار الشيخ شاكر في التعليق على الترمذي. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٩، ٨٠٣)، وأبو داود (٧٦٠، ١٥٠٩)، والنسائي (٨٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (١٧٧٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به. والترمذي (٣٤٢١، ٣٤٢٢) من طريق عبد العزيز ويوسف به، وقال: حسن صحح. وابن خزيمة (٧٢٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٦٦) من طريق يوسف به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٧١/ ٢٠١، ٢٠٢).","vol":"3","page":380},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا ابتَدأَ الصَّلاةَ المَكتوبَةَ قال: \"وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ حَنيفًا مُسلِمًا وما أنا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، إنَّ صَلاتِى ونُسُكِى ومَحياىَ ومَماتِى للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ لا شَريكَ له، وبِذَلِكَ أُمِرتُ وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ المَلِكُ لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ، سُبحانَكَ وبِحَمدِكَ، أنتَ رَبِّى وأَنا عَبدُكَ، ظَلَمتُ نَفسِى واعتَرَفتُ بذَنبِى، فاغفِرْ لِى ذُنوبِى جَميعًا، لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلا أنتَ، واهدِنِى لأحسَنِ الأخلاقِ، لا يَهدِى لأحسَنِها إلا أنتَ، واصرِفْ عَنِّى سَيِّئَها، لا يَصرِفُ سَيِّئَها إلا أنتَ، لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، والخَيرُ كلُّه (^١) بيَدَيكَ، والمَهدِىُّ مَن هَدَيتَ، أنا بكَ وإِلَيكَ، تَبارَكتَ وتَعالَيتَ، أستَغفِرُكَ وأَتوبُ إلَيكَ\". قال: وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ قالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسلَمتُ، أنتَ رَبِّى، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمعِى وبَصَرِى، ومُخِّى وعِظامِى، وما استَقَلَّت به مِن قَدَمِى، للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ\". وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ في الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَئٍ بَعدُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٣٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ الهاشِمِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ كَبَّرَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: د.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٠٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"3","page":381},{"text":"ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيهِ. وذكَر الحديثَ، قال: ويَقولُ حينَ يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بعدَ التَّكبيرِ: \"وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ\". فذكَره وقالَ: \"وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ المَلِكُ لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ، سُبحانَكَ أنتَ رَبِّي وأَنا عَبدُكَ\". فذكَره، ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"واهدِنِى\". إلى قَولِه \"لَبَّيكَ\". ثم قال: \"لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، أنا بكَ وإِلَيكَ، لا مَنجا مِنكَ إلا إلَيكَ، أستَغفِرُكَ ثم أتوبُ إلَيكَ\" (^١). ثم ذكَر الباقِىَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وحَديثُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أتَمُّ.\n\n٢٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا استَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قال: \"لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ سُبحانَكَ، ظَلَمتُ نَفسِى وعَمِلتُ سوءًا فاغفِرْ لِى، إنَّه لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلا أنتَ، وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ حَنيفًا وما أنا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، إنَّ صَلاِتى ونُسُكِى ومَحياىَ ومَماتِى للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ لا شَريكَ له، وبِذَلِكَ أُمِرتُ وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\".\nوقَد حَكاه الشافعيُّ عن هُشَيمٍ مِن غَيرِ سَماعٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابه، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبي الخَليلِ، عن عليٍّ (^٢)، فإِن كان مَحفوظًا فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أبو إسحاقَ سَمِعَه مِنهُما، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٦٤، ٦٧٣) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به، وسيأتي في (٢٨٥٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٨٣)، وفيه: قال الشافعي فيما بلغه عن هشيم. وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٦٦ وفيه: أخبرنا هشيم.","vol":"3","page":382},{"text":"وفِي حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ: \"وأَنا أوَّلُ المُسلِمينَ\". وكَذَلِكَ في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، وفِي بَعضِها: \"وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\". قال الشافعيُّ ﵀: يَجعَلُ مَكانَ: \"وأَنا أوَّلُ المُسلِمينَ\". \"وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\".\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وبِذَلِكَ أمَرَ محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ وجَماعَةٌ مِن فُقَهاءِ المَدينَةِ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يَقولَ: سَمِعتُ العَبّاسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: قال النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ ﵀: \"والشَّرُّ لَيسَ إلَيكَ\". تَفسيرُه: والشَّرُّ لا يُتَقَرَّبُ به إلَيكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-550>بابُ الاستِفتاحِ بسُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ</span>\n\n٢٣٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ المُلائيُّ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا استَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قال: \"سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، وتَبارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ١٦٨. وينظر شفاء العليل ص ١٧٩ لابن القيم، وشرح الطحاوية ٢/ ٥١٧.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٧٦)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٩ من طريق طلق به. وقال الدارقطني: وليس هذا الحديث بالقوى.","vol":"3","page":383},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ: هذا الحديثُ لَيسَ بالمَشهورِ عن عبدِ السَّلام بنِ حَربٍ، لم يَروِه إلا طلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، وقَد رَوَى قِصَّةَ الصَّلاةِ جَماعَةٌ عن بُدَيلٍ، لم يَذكُروا فيه شَيئًا مِن هَذا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عائشةَ:\n\n٢٣٨٢ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ الغَضائرِيُّ (^٢) قالا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا استَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه ثم يقولُ: \"سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، وتَبارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ\" (^٣). وهَذا لم نَكتُبْه إلا مِن حَديثِ حارِثَةَ بنِ أبي الرِّجالِ (^٤)، وهو ضَعيفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٧٧٦).\n(^٢) الحسين بن الحسن بن محمد بن حلبس المخزومى الغضائرى البغدادي أبو عبد الله، الإمام الصالح، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه وكان ثقة فاضلًا. وقال الذهبي: له جزء مشهور سمعناه. توفى سنة (٤١٤ هـ). قال الذهبي: لعله جاوز التسعين. تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٣٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٧٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال الترمذي: لا نعرفه من حديث عائشة إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٤) هو حارثة بن أبي الرجال محمد بن عبد الرحمن الأنصاري النجارى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٩٤، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٥٥، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣١٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٦٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٤٥: ضعيف.","vol":"3","page":384},{"text":"ورُوِى في حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ:\n\n٢٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفّاءُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا زكريا وهو ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ سليمانَ، عن علىِّ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيل فاستَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قال: \"سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، وتَبارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ\". قال: ثم هَلَّلَ ثَلاثًا: \"لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ\". ثم كَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، أعوذُ باللهِ السَّميعِ العَليمِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ، مِن هَمزِه ونَفثِه ونَفخِه\" (^١). قال جَعفَرٌ: هَمزُه المُوتَةُ (^٢)، ونَفثُه الشِّعرُ، ونَفخُه الكِبرُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: هذا الحديثُ يَقولونَ: هو عن علىِّ بنِ علىٍّ عن الحسنِ. الوَهَمُ مِن جَعفَرٍ (^٣)\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِى في الاستِفتاحِ بسُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ حَديثٌ آخَرُ عن لَيثٍ عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن أبيه مَرفوعًا (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٧٣، ١١٦٥٧)، وأبو داود (٧٧٥)، والترمذي (٢٤٢)، والنسائي (٨٩٨، ٨٩٩)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٧) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به. وقال الترمذي: قد تكلم في إسناد حديث أبى سعيد، وكان يحيى بن سعيد يتكلم في على بن على الرفاعى. وقال أحمد: لا يصح هذا الحديث.\n(^٢) الموتة: الجنون، وإنما سماه همزا لأنه جعله من النخس والغمز. الفائق ٤/ ١١٢.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٧٧٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٣٥ من طريق ليث به.","vol":"3","page":385},{"text":"ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ. ورُوِى ذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ (^١)، ورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشَةَ (^٢).\nوأَصَحُّ ما رُوِى فيه الأثَرُ المَوقوفُ على عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ:\n\n٢٣٨٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، أن عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ حينَ افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ كَبَّرَ ثم قال: سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، وتَبارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-551>بابُ مَن رَوَى الجَمعَ بَينَهُما</span>\n\n٢٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الجُوزْجانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ محمدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، أن أباه حدَّثه، أن محمدَ بنَ المُنكَدِرِ أخبرَه، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا استَفتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قال: \"سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، وتَبَارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ، وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٧٣٥)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٠١ من طريق عطاء عن عائشة.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٨٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٢٣٩٣) من طريق الأعمش عن إبراهيم به. والحديث عند مسلم (٣٩٩) من حديث عبدة عن عمر.","vol":"3","page":386},{"text":"حَنيفًا وما أنا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، إنَّ صَلاتِى ونُسُكِى ومَحياىَ ومَماتِى للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ، لا شَريكَ له\" (^١).\n\n٢٣٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الجُوزْجانِيُّ (^٢) أبو إسحاقَ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وقالَ: \"تَبارَكَ اسمُكَ\". والباقِى سَواءٌ.\nورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عامِرٍ الأسلَمِىُّ - وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣) - عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-552>بابُ التَّعَوُّذِ بعدَ الافتِتاحِ</span>\n\n٢٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، سمِع عاصِمَ العَنَزِىَّ (^٥) يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ (^٦) جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٨٩٥) من طريق شعيب بن أبي حمزة. وليس فيه الجمع بين الذكرين، والذي فيه: \"إن صلاتى ونسكى. . . اللَّهم اهدنى لأحسن الأعمال. . .\". قال الذهبي ١/ ٤٨٧: على غرابته سنده جيد.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا\".\n(^٣) هو عبد اللَّه بن عامر الأسلمي، أبو عامر المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٥٦، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٢٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ١٥٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٢٧٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٢٥: ضعيف.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (١٣٣٢٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن عامر به.\n(^٥) في س: \"العنبرى\". وينظر التعليق على مثل هذا في (٥٥٥٥، ٨٣٤٦).\n(^٦) ليس في: س.","vol":"3","page":387},{"text":"أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - لما دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ كَبَّرَ قال: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ كَبيرًا\". قالَها ثَلاثًا \"والحَمدُ للَّهِ كَثيرًا\". قالَها ثَلاثًا \"وَسبحانَ اللَّهِ بُكرَةً وأَصيلًا\". قالَها ثَلاثًا: \"أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجِيمِ، مِن نَفخِه ونَفثِه وهَمزِه\" (^١).\n\n٢٣٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذكَره بمَعناه إلا أنَّه قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجِيمِ\". وزادَ: قال عمرٌو: نَفخُه الكِبرُ، وهَمزُه المُوتَةُ، ونَفثُه الشِّعرُ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٨٩ - ورواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن مِسعَرٍ وشُعبَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن رجلٍ مِن عَنَزَةَ يُقالُ له: عاصِمٌ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعنَى حَديثِ أبي داودَ، وزادَ التَّفسيرَ إلا أنَّه لم يَنسُبْه إلى عمرٍو، ولَكِن قال: قيلَ: وما هَمزُهُ؟ قال: الموتَةُ التي تأخُذُ ابنَ آدَمَ. قيلَ: وما نَفخُه؟ قال: الكِبرُ. قيلَ: وما نَفثُهُ؟ قال: الشِّعرُ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ وشُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٩٨٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٦٤)، وابن حبان (١٧٨٠) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٨)، وابن حبان (١٧٧٩) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٣) خرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣٩، ١٦٧٤٠)، وأبو داود (٧٦٥) من طريق مسعر به. وابن خزيمة (٤٦٩) من طريق حصين بن عبد الرحمن، فقال: عن عاد بن عاصم. قال ابن خزيمة عقب الحديث: وعاصم العنزى وعاد بن عاصم مجهولان لا يدرى من هما. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (١٦١).","vol":"3","page":388},{"text":"٢٣٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ مُطَهَّرٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن عليِّ بنِ عليٍّ الرِّفاعِىِّ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ كَبَّرَ. فذكَر استِفتاحَه بسُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ، وبالتَّهليلِ والتَّكبيرِ بَعدَه ثَلاثًا: \"أعوذُ باللَّهِ السَّميعِ العَليمِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ، مِن هَمزِه ونفخِه ونَفثِه\". ثم يَقرأُ (^١)\nورُوّيناه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا:\n\n٢٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى ظَبيَةَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا (^٢) أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيْبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ يقولُ. وفِي حَديثِ ورقاءَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُنا أن نَقولَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ، هَمزِه ونَفخِه ونَفثِه\" (^٣). قالَ عَطاءٌ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٧٥). وتقدم في (٢٣٨٣).\n(^٢) بعده في د: \"أبو عبد الله الحافظ أنا أبو عبد الله الشيبانى نا إبراهيم بن عبد اللَّه السعدى نا أحمد بن أبى ظبية نا ورقاء عن عطاء بن السائب وأخبرنا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٦). وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٦١١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤٧٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وأحمد (٣٨٢٨) من طريق عطاء به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٠٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ عطاء بن السائب اختلط بآخره وسمع منه محمد بن فضيل بعد الاختلاط، =","vol":"3","page":389},{"text":"فهَمزُه المُوتَةُ، ونَفثُه الشِّعرُ، ونَفخُه الكِبرُ.\nورواه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عَطاءٍ فوَقَفَه:\n\n٢٣٩٢ - حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السائب، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه كان يَتَعَوَّذُ في الصَّلاةِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجِيمِ، مِن نَفخِه ونَفثِه وهَمزِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٣٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عمرَ كان إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ قال: اللهُ أكبَرُ. ثم يقولُ: سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وبِحَمدِكَ، تَبارَكَ اسمُكَ، وتَعالَى جَدُّكَ، ولا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ. ثم يَتَعَوَّذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجِيمِ، ثم يَقرأُ ما بَدا له مِنَ القُرآنِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-553>بابُ الجَهرِ بالتَّعَوُّذِ أوِ الإِسرارِ بهِ</span>\n\n٢٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن\n_________\n= وقد قيل إن أبا عبد الرحمن السلمى لم يسمع من ابن مسعود. وينظر الإرواء (٣٤١).\n(^١) الطيالسي (٣٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٠١ من طريق حفص به.","vol":"3","page":390},{"text":"رَبيعَةَ بنِ عثمانَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ وهو يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ رافِعًا صَوتَه: رَبَّنا إنّا نَعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ. في المَكتوبَةِ إذا فرَغَ مِن أُمِّ القُرآنِ (^١). زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشافعيُّ ﵀: وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَتَعَوَّذُ في نَفسِه، وأَيَّهُما فعَلَ الرَّجُلُ أجزأَه، وكانَ بَعضُهُم يَتَعَوَّذُ حينَ يَفتَتِحُ قبلَ أُمِّ القُرآنِ، وبِذَلِكَ أقولُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والأحاديثُ في البابِ قَبلَه تَدُلُّ على أنَّه يَتَعَوَّذُ قبلَ القراءةِ. قال الشافعيُّ ﵀: ويَقولُه في أوَّلِ رَكعَةٍ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وبِه قال الحسنُ وعَطاءٌ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ. قال الشافعيُّ: وقَد قيلَ: إن قالَه حينَ يَفتَتِحُ كُلَّ رَكعَةٍ قبلَ أُمِّ القُرآنِ فحسنٌ (^٢)\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ويُحكَى عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان يَستَعيذُ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-554>بابُ فرضِ القراءةِ [في كلِّ ركعةٍ] (^٤) بعدَ التَّعَوُّذِ</span>\n\n٢٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٨٨). والشافعي في المسند (٢١٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"فهو حسن\". وينظر الأم ١/ ١٠٧.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٢/ ٨٣ - ٨٦.\n(^٤) ليس في: د.","vol":"3","page":391},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فصَلَّى، ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فرَدَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ﵇ وقالَ: \"ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". قال: فرَجَعَ الرَّجُلُ فصَلَّى كما يُصَلِّى، ثم جاءَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمَ عليه، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". حَتَّى فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: والذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَ هذا فعَلِّمْنِى. قالَ: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعَا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ في صَلاتِكَ كُلِّها\" (^١). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٣٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ أبى علىٍّ بَيّاعِ الأنماطِ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أُنادِىَ: \"لا صَلاةَ إلا بقُرآنٍ، بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فما زادَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٣٩٧ - أخبرنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٢٩٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٥٧، ٧٩٣)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٢٩)، وأبو داود (٨١٩، ٨٢٠)، وابن حبان (١٧٩١) من طريق جعفر به بنحوه. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٢٤٩٤، ٤٠١٠).","vol":"3","page":392},{"text":"عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ قال: سأَلْنا خَبّابًا: أكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الأولَى والعَصرِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلنا: بأَىِّ شَئٍ كُنتُم تَعرِفونَ ذلِكَ؟ قال: باضطِرابِ لِحيَتِهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أَوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-555>بابُ تَعيينِ القراءةِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٣٩٨ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إِملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ - ﵁ -، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٣٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٦٠، ٢١٠٦١)، وأبو داود (٨٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠٥)، وابن حبان (١٨٢٦، ١٨٣٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٢٤٦٨، ٣١٠٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٤٦، ٧٦٠، ٧٦١، ٧٧٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٩)، وفي القراءة خلف الإمام (١٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٨٨) عن الزعفراني به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٥٦)، ومسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٤).","vol":"3","page":393},{"text":"سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ مَحمودَ بنَ الرَّبيعِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الشافعيُّ والحُمَيدِيُّ عن سُفيانَ: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بِشْرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالَ: وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدَّثَنى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ صَلاةٍ لا يُقرأُ فيها بأُمِّ الكِتابِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ (^٣)، ثم هِىَ خِداجٌ، ثم هِىَ خِداجٌ\". فقالَ يا أبا هريرةَ: فإِنِّى أَكونُ أَحيانًا وراءَ الإمامِ. قالَ: يا فارِسِيُّ، اقرأْ بها في نَفسِكَ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"قالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: قَسَمتُ الصَّلاةَ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ، فإِذا قالَ العَبدُ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. قالَ اللَّهُ: حَمِدَنِى عَبدِى. وإِذا قالَ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. قالَ: أَثنَى عَلَيَّ عَبدِى. وإِذا قالَ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. قالَ: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى. أَو قالَ: فوَّضَ إِلَيَّ عَبدِى. وإِذا قالَ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٨)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ١٠٧، والحميدى (٣٨٦).\n(^٣) خداج: أي: ذات نقص، والخداج: النقصان، وقيل: خداج هنا بمعنى مخدجة، أحل المصدر محل الفعل، أي: ناقصة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٠.","vol":"3","page":394},{"text":"نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. قالَ: هَذِه بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ. فإِذا قالَ: ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ (٦) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فهَذا لعَبدِى ولِعَبدِى ما سأَلَ\" (^١). قالَ سُفيانُ: دَخَلتُ على العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ في بَيتِه وهو مَريضٌ، فسأَلتُه، فحَدَّثَنِى بهَذا الحَديثِ. رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\"، عن إِسحاقَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٢)، وقالَ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾.\nهَكَذا رواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أَبيه، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. وتابَعَه على إِسنادِه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ (^٣)، ورَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ (^٤)، وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ (^٥)، وإِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (^٦)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَزيدَ البَصرِىُّ (^٧)، وجَهضَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٨)، فرَوَوه عن العَلاءِ عن أَبيه عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -. وخالَفَهُم مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ فرواه كما:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٤)، والحميدى (٩٧٣، ٩٧٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٠١٣) عن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٥/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٩٨)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٤٩٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١١، ٧٧) من طريق روح به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحميدي (٩٧٤)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٨)، والترمذي (٢٩٥٣) من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٦) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٧) أخرجه المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٣) من طريق محمد بن يزيد البصري به.\n(^٨) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٤١٤)، والمصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٢) من طريق جهضم به.","vol":"3","page":395},{"text":"٢٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالِكٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ (^١) عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أَنَسٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا السّائبِ مَولَى هِشامِ بنِ زُهرَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بأُمِّ القُرآنِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ، فهِىَ خِداجٌ، فهِىَ خِداجٌ غَيرُ تَمامٍ\". قالَ: فقُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ، إِنِّى أَحيانًا أَكونُ وراءَ الإمامِ. قالَ: فغَمَزَ ذِراعِى وقالَ: اقرأْ بها في نَفسِكَ يا فارِسِيُّ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"قال اللهُ ﷿: قَسَمتُ الصَّلاةَ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصفَينِ، فنِصفُها لِى ونِصفُها لِعَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\". قالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقرَءوا. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. يقولُ اللهُ: حَمِدَنِى عَبدِى. ويَقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يقولُ اللهُ: أَثنَى عَلَىَّ عَبدِى. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ فهَذِه الآيَةُ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصْفَينِ (^٢)، ولِعَبدِى ما سأَلَ. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ (٦) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فهَؤُلاءِ لِعَبدِى ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، وفِي حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ: \"يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"داسة\".\n(^٢) سقط من: د.","vol":"3","page":396},{"text":"يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى، وهَذِه الآيَةُ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى\". والباقِي بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nرواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَة بنِ سَعيدٍ. (^٢)\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٣)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٤)، والوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبي السّائبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ (^٥). وكأَنَّه سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا.\nوالَّذِى يَدُلُّ عليه رِوايَةُ أبى أوَيسٍ المَدَنِىِّ عن العَلاءِ عَنهُما عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٢٤٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ عيسَى. وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ الشيخُ الصّالِحُ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ مِن أبى ومِن أبى السّائبِ جَميعًا، وكانا جَليسَينِ لأَبِى هريرةَ قالَ: وقالَ أبو هريرةَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فهىَ خِداجٌ، هِىَ خِداجٌ غَيرُ تَمامٍ\" (^٦) انتَهَى حَديثُ أبى عبدِ اللهِ. وذكَر أبو نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٩٣). وأبو داود (٨٢١). وأخرجه النسائي (٩٠٨) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٥/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٦)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٥)، ومسلم (٣٩٥/ ٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٨٣٨)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٢٩٦٨).\n(^٦) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٦، ٧٧)، والمعرفة (٦٩٥). وأخرجه الترمذي عقب (٢٩٥٣) =","vol":"3","page":397},{"text":"الفامِيُّ باقِىَ الحَديثِ بنَحوِ رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالِكٍ. ورواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَعقِرِيِّ عن النَّضرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبي أوَيسٍ (^١).\nورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ سَمعانَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، فزادَ فيه التَّسميَةَ:\n\n٢٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدونٍ الذهلِيُّ، وكَتَبَه لي بخَطِّه، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، عن ابنِ سَمعانَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يقولُ اللهُ ﵎: قَسَمتُ هَذِه السُّورَةَ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصفَينِ، فإِذا قالَ العَبدُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: ذَكَرَنِى عَبدِى. فإِذا قالَ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: حَمِدَنِى عَبدِى. فإِذا قالَ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: أَثنَى عَلَىَّ عَبدِى. فإِذا قالَ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى. وإِذا قالَ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. قالَ: هذا لِعَبدِى ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٤٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ\n_________\n= من طريق ابن أبي أويس به.\n(^١) مسلم (٣٩٥/ ٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣٢، ١٣٣، وعنه المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٥)، والمعرفة (٦٩٦) من طريق جعفر بن أحمد به.","vol":"3","page":398},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الأزرَقُ يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ إِسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ سَمعانَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قالَ: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بأُمِّ الكِتابِ (^١) فهِىَ خِداجٌ\". فذكر نحوَ حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ في أَوَّلِه، ثم زادَ التَّسميَةَ، وقالَ في آخِرِ الحَديثِ: \"فهَذِه الآيَة بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصفَينِ\". وآخِرِ السّورَةِ: \"لِعَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\" (^٢). قالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ ﵀: ابنُ سَمعانَ، هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ سَمعانَ، مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nورَوَى هذا الحديثَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، مِنهُم: مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ (^٤)، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٥)، ورَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ (^٦)، وابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٧)، وابنُ عَجلانَ (^٨)، والحَسَنُ بنُ الحُرِّ (^٩)، وأبو أوَيسٍ (^١٠) وغَيرُهُم،\n_________\n(^١) في د: \"القرآن\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٢.\n(^٣) هو عبد اللَّه بن زياد بن سليمان بن سمعان، مولى أم سلمة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الصغير البخاري ص ٦٤، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٢/ ٢٥٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ٧، والكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٤٤.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٤٠١).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٢٤٠١).\n(^٦) تقدم عقب (٢٤٠٠).\n(^٧) تقدم في (٢٤٠٠).\n(^٨) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٣٨، والمصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٩)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٢١٦، ٢١٧، ٢٢٧ من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٩) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٧٦)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (١٦٦)، والمصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٧٨) من طريق الحسن بن الحر به.\n(^١٠) تقدم في (٢٤٠٢).","vol":"3","page":399},{"text":"على اختِلافٍ مِنهُم في الإِسنادِ، واتِّفاقٍ مِنهُم على المَتنِ، فلَم يَذكُرْ أَحَدٌ مِنهُم في حَديثِه: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. واتِّفاقُهُم على خِلافِ ما رواه ابنُ سَمعانَ أَولَى بالصَّوابِ، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: قالَ أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: في كُلِّ صَلاةٍ قراءةٌ، فما أَسمَعَنا النبيُّ - ﷺ - أَسمَعْناكُم، وما أَخفَى مِنّا أَخفَيناه مِنكُم، [مَن قرأَ بأُمِّ الكِتابِ] (^١) فقَد أَجزأَت عنه، ومَن زادَ فهوَ أَفضَلُ (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٢٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ الأودِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَهلُ بنُ عامِرٍ البَجَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هُرَيمُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ ابنِ عباسٍ بالبَصرَةِ، فقَرأَ في أَوَّلِ رَكعَةٍ (^٤) بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ وأَوَّلِ آيَةٍ مِنَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، ثم رَكَعَ، ثم قامَ في الثّانيَةِ فقَرأَ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ والآيَةَ الثّانيَةَ مِنَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، ثم رَكَعَ، فلَمّا انصرَفَ أَقبَلَ عَلَينا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١١٨٥). وأخرجه في القراءة خلف الإمام (١١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٩٦/ ٤٤).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الركعة\".","vol":"3","page":400},{"text":"فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى يقولُ: ﴿فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ﴾ [المزمل: ٢٠]. قالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ ﵀: هذا إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ، وفيه حُجَّةٌ لِمَن يقولُ: إنَّ مَعنَى قَولِه: ﴿فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ﴾. أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إنَّما هو بَعدَ قراءةِ فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-556>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ ما جَمَعَتْه مَصاحِفُ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - كُلُّه قُرآنٌ، وبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ في فواتِحِ السّوَرِ سِوَى سورَةِ \"بَراءَةَ\" مِن جُملَتِهِ</span>\n\n٢٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو ثابِتٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ - ﵁ - قالَ: بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - مَقتَلَ أَهلِ اليَمامَةِ، وعِندَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ -، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: إنَّ عمرَ أَتانِى فقالَ: إنَّ القَتلَ قَدِ استَحَرَّ (^٢) يَومَ اليَمامَةِ بقُرّاءِ القُرآنِ، وإِنِّى أَخشَى أَن يَستَحِرَّ القَتلُ بقُرّاءِ القُرآنِ في المَواطِنِ كُلِّها فيَذهَبَ قُرآنٌ كَثيرٌ، وإِنِّى أَرَى أَن تأْمُرَ بجَمْعِ القُرآنِ. قُلتُ: كَيفَ أَفعَلُ شَيْئًا لم يَفعَلْه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: هو واللَّهِ خَيرٌ. فلَم يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُراجِعُنِى في ذَلِكَ حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدرِى لِلَّذِى شَرَحَ له صَدرَ عُمَرَ، ورأَيتُ في ذَلِكَ الذي رأَى عُمَرُ. قالَ زَيدٌ: قالَ أبو بكرٍ: وإِنَّكَ رجلٌ شابٌّ عاقِلٌ لا نَتَّهِمُكَ، قَد كُنتَ تَكتُبُ الوَحىَ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ -، فتَتَبَّعِ القُرآنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٥٠)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٨.\n(^٢) استحر: كثر واشتد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٧.","vol":"3","page":401},{"text":"فاجمَعْه. قالَ زَيدٌ: فواللهِ لَو كَلَّفَنِى نَقلَ جَبَلٍ مِنَ الجِبالِ ما كان بأَثقَلَ عَلَىَّ مِمّا كَلَّفَنى مِن جَمعِ القُرآنِ. قُلتُ: كَيفَ تَفعَلانِ شَيئًا لم يَفعَلْه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالَ أبو بكرٍ: هو واللهِ خَيرٌ. فلَم يَزَلْ يُراجِعُنِى في ذَلِكَ حَتَّى شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدرِى لِلَّذِى شَرَحَ له صدرَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ، ورأَيتُ في ذَلِكَ الذي رَأَيَا. قالَ: فتَتَبَّعتُ القُرآنَ أَجمَعُه مِنَ العُسُبِ (^١) والرِّقاعِ (^٢) واللِّخافِ (^٣) وصُدورِ الرِّجالِ، فوَجَدتُ آخِرَ سورَةِ \"التَّوبَةِ\": ﴿لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٨]. إِلَى آخِرِ السّورَةِ (^٤) مَعَ خُزَيمَةَ، أَو أبى خُزَيمَةَ، فأَلحَقتُها في السورَةِ، وكانَتِ الصُّحُفُ عندَ أبى بكرٍ حَياتَه، ثم عندَ عمرَ حَياتَه حَتَّى تَوَفّاه اللَّهُ، ثم عندَ حَفصَةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ. رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي ثابِتٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ الكُشميهَنِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ (^٦) إِملاءً، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ. قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، وزادَ: قالَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) العسب: جمع عسيب، وهو سعف النخل، وأهل الحجاز يسمونه الجريد أيضًا. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٥٦.\n(^٢) الرقاع: جمع رُقْعَة، وهى قطعة من الورق أو الجلد يكتب فيها. ينظر المعجم الوسيط (ر ق ع).\n(^٣) اللخاف: جمع لَخْفَة، وهى حجارة بيض رقاق. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٥٦.\n(^٤) بعده في د: \"أصبتها\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٧١٩١).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"حبيب\".","vol":"3","page":402},{"text":"شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى خارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قالَ: فقَدتُ آيَةً مِن آخرِ (^١) سورَةِ \"الأحزابِ\" قَد كُنتُ أَسمَعُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ بها، فالتَمَسْتُها فلَم أَجِدْها مَعَ أَحَدٍ إِلا مَعَ خُزَيمَةَ الأنصارِىِّ الذي جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَهادَتَه شَهادَةَ رجلَينِ في قَولِ اللَّهِ تعالَى: ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ (^٢) [الأحزاب: ٢٣].\n\n٢٤٠٩ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قالَ: أخبرَنِى أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: أَنَّ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ قَدِمَ على عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ في وِلايَتِه، وكانَ يَغزُو مَعَ أَهلِ العِراقِ قِبَلَ إِرمينيَةَ (^٣) وأَذرَبيجانَ (^٤) في غَزوِهِم ذَلِكَ الفَرْجَ (^٥) مِن أَهلِ الشّامِ وأَهلِ العِراقِ، فتَنازَعوا في القُرآنِ حَتَّى سمِع حُذَيفَةُ - ﵁ - مِنَ اختِلافِهِم فيه ما أَذعَرَه (^٦)، فرَكِبَ حُذَيفَةُ حَتَّى قَدِمَ على عثمانَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أَدرِكْ هَذِه الأُمَّةَ قَبلَ أَن يَختَلِفوا في القُرآنِ اختِلافَ اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى في الكُتُبِ. ففَزعَ لِذَلِكَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -، فأَرسَلَ إلى حَفصةَ بنتِ عمرَ، أَن أَرسِلِى إِلَينا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: د.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٧/ ١٤٨، وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٠٦) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (٢١٦٤٣، ٢١٦٤٤)، والترمذي (٣١٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٩٩٥) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) إرمينية: بكسر أوله ويفتح، وسكون ثانيه وكسر الميم وياء ساكنة وكسر النون وياء خفيفة مفتوحة؛ اسم لصقع عظيم واسع جهة الشمال، يضم كورًا كثيرة، فتحها سلمان بن ربيعة الباهلى سنة أربع وعشرين زمن عثمان ﵁. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٢١٩، والروض المعطار ص ٢٥.\n(^٤) أذربيجان: تقع في أقصى الشمال الغربى من إيران على حدود روسيا وتركيا والعراق، فتحها المسلمون على يد عتبة بن فرقد في خلافة عمر بن الخطاب ﵁. المعجم الكبير ١/ ٩، ٢٢٣ (أذر، أرم).\n(^٥) الفَرْج: الثغر. فتح الباري ٩/ ١٧.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"ادعوه\"، وفي حاشية س: \"أوغره\".","vol":"3","page":403},{"text":"بالصُّحُفِ التِى جُمِعَ فيها القُرآنُ. فأَرسَلَت بها إِلَيه حَفصَةُ، فأَمَرَ عثمانُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، وسَعيدَ بنَ العاصِ، وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ، وعَبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أَن يَنسَخوها في المَصاحِفِ، وقالَ لَهُم: إذا اختَلَفتُم أَنتُم وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ في [عَرَبيَّةٍ مِن عَرَبيَّةِ] (^١) القُرآنِ فاكتُبوها بلِسانِ قُرَيشٍ، فإِنَّ القُرآنَ أُنزِلَ بلِسانِهِم. ففَعَلوا حَتَّى كُتِبَتِ المَصاحِفُ، ثم رَدَّ عثمانُ الصُّحُفَ إلى حَفصَةَ، وأَرسَلَ إلى كُلِّ جُندٍ مِن أَجنادِ المُسلِمينَ بمُصحَفٍ، وأَمَرَهُم أَن يُحَرِّقوا كُلَّ مُصحَفٍ يُخالِفُ المُصحَفَ الذي أُرسِلَ به، وذَلِكَ زَمانُ حُرِّقَتِ المَصاحِفُ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، وحَديثُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ بمَعناه، إِلا أنَّه قالَ في رِوايَةِ أبى الوَليدِ (^٣): الحارِثَ بنَ هِشامٍ. وقالَ في رِوايَةِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ: عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ الحارِثِ. ولَم يَذكُرْ رَدَّ الصُحُفِ إلى حَفصَةَ في رِوايَةِ أبى الوَليدِ، وذَكَرَها في رِوايَةِ ابنِ حمزة، وقالَ في آخِرِه: فكَتَبوا الصُّحُفَ في المَصاحِفِ، فبَعَثَ إلى كُلِّ أُفُقٍ بمُصحَفٍ، وأَمَرَ بما سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ القراءةِ (^٤) في كُلِّ صَحيفَةٍ أَن تُمحَى أَو تُحرَقَ (^٥). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وعَن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ عن إِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، وقالَ في الرِّوايَتَينِ جَميعًا: ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"غريبة من غريبة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٧/ ١٥٠، ١٥١. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٠٦) من طريق أبى الوليد به. والترمذي (٣١٠٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٩٨٨) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) في س: \"القرآن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٤٠) مختصرًا، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٩، ٢٠ من طريق شعيب به.","vol":"3","page":404},{"text":"عَلَيْهِ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٢٣].\n\n٢٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عليٍّ الجُعفِيَّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أَبانٍ وهو زَوجُ أُختِ حُسَينٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن العَيزارِ بنِ جَرْوَلٍ (^٢)، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قالَ: اختَلَفَ النّاسُ في القُرآنِ على عَهدِ عثمانَ - ﵁ - قالَ: فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يقولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: قراءتِي خَيرٌ مِن قراءتِكَ. قالَ: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - فجَمَعَنا أَصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ النّاسَ قَدِ اختَلَفوا اليَومَ في القراءةِ وأَنتُم بينَ ظَهرانَيهِم، فقَد رأيتُ أَن أَجمَعَهُم على قراءةٍ واحِدَةٍ. قالَ: فاجتَمَعَ رأْيُنا مَعَ رأْيِه على ذَلِكَ. قالَ: وقالَ عَلِىٌّ - ﵁ -: لَو وُلِّيتُ مِثلَ الذي وُلِّىَ لَصنَعتُ مِثلَ الذي صَنَعَ (^٣).\n\n٢٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا عَوفٌ، عن يَزيدَ الفارِسِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: قُلتُ لِعُثمانَ: ما حَمَلَكُم أَن عَمَدتُم إلى \"بَراءَةَ\" وهِىَ مِنَ المِئينَ، وإِلَى \"الأنفالِ\" وهِىَ مِنَ المَثانِى فقَرَنتُم بَينَهُما، ولَم تَجعَلوا بَينَهُما سَطرًا فيه: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٠٧).\n(^٢) في س: \"حريث\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٣٠٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن شيبة في أخبار المدينة ٣/ ٩٩٤، ٩٩٥، وإبن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ٢٢، ٢٣، والآجرى في الشريعة (١٢٤٣) من طريق محمد بن أبان به.","vol":"3","page":405},{"text":"ووَضَعتُموها في السَّبعِ الطِّوَالِ، ما حَمَلَكُم على ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ عثمانُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان مِمّا يَنزِلُ عليه مِنَ السّوَرِ الَّتِي يُذكَرُ فيها كَذا وكَذا، فإِذا أُنزِلَت عليه الآياتُ يقولُ: \"ضَعوا هَذِه الآياتِ في مَوضِعِ كَذا وكَذا\". [وكانَ إذا أُنزِلَت] (^١) عليه السّورَةُ يقولُ: \"ضَعوا هَذِه في مَوضِعِ كَذا وكَذا\". وكانَتِ \"الأنفالُ\" أوَّلَ ما أُنزِلَ عليه بالمَدينَةِ، وكانَت \"بَراءَةُ\" مِن آخِرِ القُرآنِ نُزولًا، وكانَت قِصَّتُها تُشبِه قِصَّتَها، فقُبِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَم يُبَيِّنْ أَمرَها، فظَنَنتُ أَنَّها مِنها؛ مِن أَجلِ ذَلِكَ قَرَنْتُ بَينَهُما، ولَم أَجعَلْ بَينَهُما سَطرًا فيه ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ووَضَعتُها في السَّبعِ الطِّوَالِ (^٢). ففِى هذا ما دَلَّ على أَنَّها إنَّما كُتِبَت في مَصاحِفِ الصَّحابَةِ مَعَ دِلالَةِ المُشاهَدَةِ.\nوقَد رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما دَلَّ على أَنَّها إنَّها كُتِبَت في فواتِحِ السُّوَرِ لِنُزولِها، وعِندَ نُزولِها كان يُعلَمُ انقِضاءُ سورَةٍ وابتِداءُ أُخرَى.\n\n٢٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ في كِتابِ \"السنن\"، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، وابنُ السَّرحِ قالوا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فإذا نزلت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٩)، وأبو داود (٧٨٦)، والترمذي (٣٠٨٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٠٧) من طريق عوف به. وقال الشيخ أحمد شاكر: في إسناده نظر كثير، بل هو عندى ضعيف جدًّا، بل هو حديث لا أصل له، يدور إسناده في كل رواياته على يزيد الفارسى. . . وفيه تشكيك في معرفة سور القرآن الثابتة بالتواتر القطعى، قراءة وسماعًا وكتابة في المصاحف، ويه تشكيك في إثبات البسملة في أوائل السور، كأن عثمان كان يثبتها برأيه وينفيها برأيه، وحاشاه من ذلك. . . شرح المسند ١/ ٣٢٩، ٣٣٠.","vol":"3","page":406},{"text":"قالَ قُتَيبَةُ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يَعرِفُ فصْلَ السورَةِ حَتَّى تَنزِلَ عليه: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١).\nورواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ:\n\n٢٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إِسحاقَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الغُزىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قالَ: كان المُسلِمونَ لا يَعلَمونَ انقِضاءَ السورَةِ حَتَّى تَنزِلَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فإِذا نَزَلَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، عَلِموا أَنَّ السُّورَةَ قَدِ انقَضَت (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه دُحَيمُ بنُ النَّعيمِ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، إِلا أنَّه قَصَّرَ به، فلَم يَذكُرْ سَعيدَ بتَ جُبَيرٍ في إِسنادِهِ.\n\n٢٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ بخُسرَوجِردَ مِن أُصولِه، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى المَروَزِيُّ وداوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: بَينَما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ بَينَ أَظهُرِنا في المَسجِدِ إِذ أَغفَى إِغفاءَةً، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقَرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ (١) فَصَلِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٥)، والشعب (٢٣٢٩)، وأبو داود (٧٨٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٠٧).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"3","page":407},{"text":"لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ (٢) إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ﴾ [الكوثر: ١ - ٣]. ثم قالَ: \"هَل تَدرونَ ما الكَوثَرُ؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أَعلَمُ. فقالَ: \"إنَّه نَهرٌ وعَدَنيه رَبِّى في الجَنَّةِ، آنيَتُه أَكثَرُ مِن عَدَدِ الكَواكِبِ، تَرِدُ عليه أُمَّتِى، فيُختَلَجُ (^١) العَبدُ مِنهُم فأَقولُ: يا رَبِّ، إنَّه مِن أُمَّتِى. فيُقالُ: إنَّكَ لا تَدرِى ما أَحدَثَ بَعدَكَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدَّثَنا المُختارُ بنُ فُلفُلٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: بَينَما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ بَينَ أَظهُرِنا إِذ أَغفَى إِغفاءَةً، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه مُتَبَسِّمًا، فقُلنا: ما أَضحَكَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قالَ: \"نَزَلَت عَلَيَّ آنِفًا سورَةٌ\". فقَرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ﴾. إلى آخِرِها. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٤) على لَفظِ حَديثِ أبى بَكرٍ. وعَلَى لَفظِه أَيضًا رواه أَيضًا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ (^٥). وربما لم يَقُلْ بَعضُهُم: آنِفًا. والمَشهورُ فيما بَينَ أَهلِ التَّفسيرِ والمَغازِى أَنَّ هَذِه السُّورَةَ مَكّيَّةٌ، ولَفظُ حَديثِ عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ لا يُخالِفُ قَولَهُم، فيُشبِهُ أَن يَكونَ أَولَى.\n_________\n(^١) يختلج: يجتذب ويقطع. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٩٠٣) عن على بن حجر به.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٨٧)، وعنه بقى بن مخلد في الحوض والكوثر (٣٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٠٠/ ٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٩٦)، ومسلم (٤٠٠/. . .)، وأبو داود (٧٨٤، ٤٧٤٧) من طريق ابن فضيل به.","vol":"3","page":408},{"text":"٢٤١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قَطَنُ بنُ نُسَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرٌ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ الأعرَجُ المَكِّيُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروَةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - في ذِكْرِ الإِفكِ قالَت: جَلَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكَشَفَ عن وجهِه وقالَ: \"أَعوذُ بالسَّميعِ (^١) - أَو قالَ: أَعوذُ باللَّهِ السَّميعِ العَليمِ - مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ﴾ \" [النور: ١١]. الآيَةَ (^٢).\nقالَ أبو داودَ: أَخافُ أَن يَكونَ أَمرُ الاستِعاذَةِ مِن كَلامِ حُمَيدٍ.\nقالَ الشيخُ - ﵀ -: فالنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. عندَ افتِتاحِ سورَةٍ، ولَم يَقرأْها عندَ افتِتاحِ آياتٍ لم تكُنْ أَوَّلَ سورَةٍ، وفِي ذَلِكَ تأْكيدٌ لما رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، وأَنَّها إنَّما كُتِبَت في المَصاحِفِ حَيثُ نَزَلَت، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٤١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ البَغدادِىُّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدَّثَنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رَوّادٍ، حدَّثَنا نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ -، أنَّه كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ كَبَّرَ، ثم قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فإِذا فرَغَ قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. قالَ: وكانَ يقولُ: لِمَ كُتِبَت في المُصحَفِ إِن لم تُقرأْ؟! (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بالله السميع\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٨٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٦٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٠). وأخرجه في الشعب (٢٣٣٦) من طريق ابن أبي رواد به. والشافعي ١/ ١٠٨ من طريق نافع به، دون قول ابن عمر.","vol":"3","page":409},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-557>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ آيَةٌ تامَّةٌ مِنَ الفاتِحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِيُّ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ: ذَكَرَتْ - أَو كَلِمَةٌ غَيرُها - قراءةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾، ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾ [الفاتحة: ١ - ٤]. يُقَطِّعُ قراءتَه آيَةً آيَةً (^١).\n\n٢٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، أَنَّ قراءةَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - كانَت: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ (^٢). يَعنى كَلِمَةً كَلِمَةً. وكَذَلِكَ رواه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بمَعناه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٠٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٨٣)، والترمذي (٢٩٢٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد الأموى وقال: غريب. . . وليس إسناده بمتصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٤٢) من طريق همام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٨١٣) - ومن طريقه أبو يعلى (٦٩٢٠)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٣٩٢ (٩٣٧) - والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٩٩، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ٩٤ من طريق حفص به.","vol":"3","page":410},{"text":"ورواه عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ (^١) - ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ - عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ فزادَ فيهِ:\n\n٢٤٢٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قرأَ في الصَّلاةِ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فعَدَّها آيَةً. ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. آيَتَينِ. ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ثَلاثَ آياتٍ. ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. أَربَعَ آياتٍ. وقالَ هَكَذا: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. وجَمَعَ خَمسَ أَصابِعِهِ (^٢).\nرواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ في \"كتابه\" عن الصَّغانِيِّ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ. وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ (^٤) ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) هو عمر بن هارون البلخى، أبو حفص. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ص ٨٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ٩٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢١٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٢٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٦٤: متروك.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٣١٨)، والصغرى (٣٨٨)، والمعرفة (٧٠٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٢. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩٦: خبر منكر شذ به عمر، وقد قال ابت معين وغيره: كذاب. وقال النسائي وغيره: متروك. وأيضًا فإن كان عدها بلسانه في الصلاة فذلك مناف للصلاة، وإن كان بأصابعه فلا يدل على أنها آية ولا بد من الفاتحة.\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٤٩٣)، ومن طريقه الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"عبد اللَّه\".","vol":"3","page":411},{"text":"زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ الأعوَرُ قالَ: قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبى، أَنَّ سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ أخبرَه فقالَ له: ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي﴾ [الحجر: ٨٧]. قالَ: هِىَ أُمُّ القُرآنِ. قالَ أبى: وقَرأَ عَلَىَّ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. حَتَّى خَتَمَها، ثم قالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. الآيَةُ السّابِعَةُ. قالَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ لأَبِى: وقَرأَها عَلَيَّ ابنُ عباسٍ كما قَرأْتُها عَلَيكَ، ثم قالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. الآيَةُ السّابِعَةُ. قالَ ابنُ عَباسٌ: فذَخَرَها اللهُ لَكُم فما أَخرَجَها لأَحَدٍ قَبلَكُم (^١).\n\n٢٤٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أَبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي﴾. قالَ: فاتِحَةُ الكِتابِ. قيلَ لابنِ عباسٍ: فأَينَ السّابِعَةُ؟ قالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٢).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ -:\n\n٢٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زكريا، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ واصِلٍ، حدَّثَنا خَلَّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا أَسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن عبدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٣، ٣٨٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٥٠، ٥٥١. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ١١٨، ١١٩ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٥٧.","vol":"3","page":412},{"text":"خَيرٍ قالَ: سُئلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - عن السَّبْعِ المَثانِي فقالَ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾. فقيلَ له: إنَّما هِىَ سِتُّ آياتٍ. فَقالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. آيَةٌ (^١).\nورُوِى عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا، والمَوقوفُ أَصَحُّ:\n\n٢٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنى نوحُ بنُ أبى بلالٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان يقولُ: \" ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ سَبعُ آياتٍ، إِحداهُنَّ ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، وهِىَ السَّبْعُ المَثانِى (^٣) والقُرآنُ العَظيمُ، وهِىَ أُمُّ القُرآنِ، وهِىَ فاتِحَةُ الكِتابِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٤٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى نوحُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٣. وأخرجه سفيان في تفسيره ص ١٦١ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ١١٣، ١١٤، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (١٢١٠)، والمصنف في الشعب (٢٣٥٣) - وابن الضريس في فضائل القرآن (١٥٤) من طريق السدي به، بلفظ: السبع المثانى فاتحة الكتاب.\n(^٢) فى س: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٣) فى د: \"من المثانى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥١٠٢) من طريق سعد بن عبد الحميد به. وأبو عمرو الدانى فى البيان في عد آى القرآن ص ٣٧، والمصنف في الصغرى (٩٩٣)، والشعب (٢٣٢٥) من طريق عبد الحميد به.","vol":"3","page":413},{"text":"ابنُ أبى بلالٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قَرأْتُم: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ فاقرَءوا: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، إنَّها أُمُّ القُرآنِ، وأُمُّ الكِتابِ، والسَّبعُ المَثانِى و﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ إِحداها\". قالَ أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ: ثم لَقيتُ نوحًا فحَدَّثَنِى عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ عن أبي هريرةَ مِثلَه (^١) ولَم يَرفَعْه (^٢).\n\n٢٤٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَسّانُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدَّثَنا المُفَضَّلُ [يَعنِى ابنَ فَضالَةَ] (^٣)، عن أبي صَخرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ: ﴿سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي﴾. قالَ: هِىَ أُمُّ الكِتابِ، وهِىَ سَبعُ آياتٍ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-558>بابُ افتِتاحِ القراءةِ في الصَّلاةِ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ والجَهرِ بها إذا جَهرَ بالفاتِحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ الكِلابِيُّ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ وجَريرٌ قالا: حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قالَ: سُئلَ أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ - ﵁ -: كَيفَ كانَت قراءةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالَ: كانَت مَدًّا، ثم قرأَ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، د: \"بمثله\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٢.\n(^٣) زيادة من: د.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عمرو الدانى في البيان في عد آى القرآن ص ٥٣ من طريق حسان به.","vol":"3","page":414},{"text":"﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يَمُدُّ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ﴾، ويَمُدُّ: ﴿الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢)، إِلا أنَّه قالَ: يَمُدُّ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ﴾. ويَمُدُّ بـ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ﴾. ويَمُدُّ بـ: ﴿الرَّحِيمِ﴾.\n\n٢٤٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ وجَريرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حازِمٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قالَ: سُئلَ أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: كَيفَ كانَت قراءةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالَ: كانَت مَدًّا. ثم قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يَمُدُّ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ﴾، ويَمُدُّ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ﴾، ويَمُدُّ: ﴿الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المِصرِىُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبى وشُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ قالا: حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. قالَ: وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن نُعَيمٍ المُجْمِرِ قالَ: كُنتُ وراءَ أبي هريرةَ فقَرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، ثم قرأَ بأُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٢٠)، والمعرفة (٧٣٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣١٧) من طريق عمرو بن عاصم به. وأحمد (١٢١٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٤٦٥)، والنسائى (١٠١٣)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٣) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٤٦).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٤) في س: \"البصري\".","vol":"3","page":415},{"text":"القُرآنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: آمينَ. وقالَ النّاسُ: آمينَ. ويَقولُ كُلَّما سَجَدَ: اللهُ أَكبَرُ. وإِذا قامَ مِنَ الجُلوسِ قالَ: اللهُ أكبَرُ. ويَقولُ إذا سَلَّمَ: والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إِنِّى لأَشبَهُكُم صَلاةً برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ: صَلَّيتُ وراءَ أبي هريرةَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ المِصرِيُّ عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بهَذا الإِسنادِ نَحوَه (^٢). وهو في \"كتاب الدارقطني\" (^٣).\nوهو إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، ولَه شَواهِدُ منها:\n\n٢٤٣٠ - ما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ خُرَّزاذَ، حدَّثَنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُوَيسٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أَمَّ النّاسَ قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٤).\n\n٢٤٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو طالِبٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورِ بنِ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، فذكَره بإِسنادِه، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا قرأَ وهو يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ افتَتَحَ بـ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦، ٣٩٧)، والمعرفة (٧١٠). والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٩٩) - وعنه ابن حبان (١٨٠١) - عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والنسائى (٩٠٤) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم عن شعيب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٨٨)، وابن حبان (١٧٩٧) من طريق حيوة به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٠٠ من طريق عثمان بن خرزاذ به.","vol":"3","page":416},{"text":"﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. قالَ أبو هريرةَ: هِىَ آيَةٌ مِن كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿، اقرَءوا إِن شِئتُم فاتِحَةَ القُرآنِ، فإِنَّها الآيَةُ السّابِعَةُ (^١).\n\n٢٤٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ، حدَّثَنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَجهَرُ في الصَّلاةِ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فتَرَكَ النّاسُ ذَلِكَ (^٢). كَذا قالَه السَّرّاجُ، عن عُقبَةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن ابنِ قيسٍ. ورواه الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ. وهو الصَّوابُ.\n\n٢٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ حَمّادِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، عن أبي خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَستَفتِحُ القراءةَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٣٤ - ورواه إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، عن مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سليمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٠٦، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٩٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٠٦، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٢، ٢٣٣ من طريق إبراهيم السراج به. وعند الدارقطني: \"معشر\" بدلًا من: \"مسعر\"، وقال: الصواب أبو معشر. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩٨: أبو معشر ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود - كما في تحفة الأشراف (٦٥٣٧) - والترمذي (٢٤٥) من طريق معتمر به، وقال: ليس إسناده بذاك. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩٨: إسماعيل فيه مقال، وأبو خالد مجهول.","vol":"3","page":417},{"text":"وقالَ: سَمِعتُ إِسماعيلَ بنَ حَمّادِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. في الصَّلاةِ، يَعنِى: كان يَجهَرُ بها. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحسينُ بنُ علىٍّ التَّميمِىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سليمانَ. فذَكَرَه. ولَه شَواهِدُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ذَكَرناها في \"الخلافيات\" (^١).\n\n٢٤٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ. قالَ: وحدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الطّالْقانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أَبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في السَّبعِ المَثانِي قالَ: هِىَ فاتِحَةُ الكِتابِ، قَرأَها ابنُ عباسٍ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ سَبْعًا. قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لأَبِى: أخبرَكَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. آيَةٌ مِن كِتابِ اللهِ؟ قالَ: نَعَم. ثم قالَ: قَرأَها ابنُ عباسٍ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. في الرَّكعَتَينِ جَميعًا (^٢).\n\n٢٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٢/ ٥١، ٥٢.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٥٥١.","vol":"3","page":418},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قالَ: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلَكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أَسمَعُ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ فجَهَرَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١).\n\n٢٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الزِّيقِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الزِّيقِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهْمانَ، عن عمرَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن أَبيه، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قالَ: رأَيتُ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ، وصَلَّيتُ وراءَه، فسَمِعتُه يَجهَرُ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ: كان يَفتَتِحُ أُمَّ الكِتابِ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣). هذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٢٤٣٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧١٢)، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤١٧٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠٠ من طريق عمر بن ذر به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩٩: سليمان هو الشاذكونى متهم.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩)، والمعرفة عقب (٧٢٢).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٥٢).","vol":"3","page":419},{"text":"عَتيقُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلْوانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عَتيقُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أَبيه، وعَن عَمِّه عُبَيدِ الله يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصلاةَ يَبدأُ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ الزّاهِدِ: يَقرأُ. وزادَ في رِوايَتِه: وأَنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ يَقرأُ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. في أُمِّ الكِتابِ وفِي السّورَةِ الَّتِي تَليها. والصَّوابُ مَوقوفٌ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه أَيّوبُ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٢) وغَيرُهُما عن نافِعٍ.\n\n٢٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن أَيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ -، أنَّه كان يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٤١ - قالَ: وأَخبرَنا سَعيدٌ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يقولُ: تُفتَتَحُ القراءةُ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٠٠، ٨٤١)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٠٥ من طريق الحلواني به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٤٩٩: عبد الرحمن تركوه، واتهمه بعضهم بالكذب.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ١٠٨، وعبد الرزاق (٢٦٠٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠٠ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ٣٠٨ عن أيوب.","vol":"3","page":420},{"text":"الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١).\n\n٢٤٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: كان ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵄ - يَستَفتِحُ القراءةَ في الصَّلاةِ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ ويَقولُ: ما يَمنَعُهُم مِنها إِلا الكِبْرُ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قالَ: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أَسمَعُ، حدَّثَنا بِشْرُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فقَرأَ، فجَهَرَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن أبي هريرةَ بإسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عَنه (^٤).\n\n٢٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، عن عبدِ المَجيدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٢)، والمعرفة (٧٢٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠٠ من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤١٧٥) عن معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤١٧٣)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠٠، والمصنف في الشعب (٢٣٣٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٤٢٩).","vol":"3","page":421},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، أَنَّ أبا بكرِ ابنَ حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ أخبرَه، أَنَّ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قالَ: صَلَّى مُعاويَةُ بالمَدينَةِ صَلاةً، فجَهَرَ فيها بالقراءةِ فقَرأَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. لأُمِّ القُرآنِ، ولَم يَقرأْ بها لِلسّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعدَها حَتَّى قَضَى تِلكَ القراءةَ، ولَم يُكَبِّرْ حينَ يَهوِى حَتَّى قَضَى تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ ناداه مَن شَهِدَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ مِن كُلِّ مَكانٍ: يا مُعاويَةُ، أَسَرَقْتَ الصَّلاةَ أَم نَسيتَ؟ فلَمَّا صَلَّى بَعدَ ذَلِكَ قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. لِلسّورَةِ الَّتِي بَعدَ أُمِّ القُرآنِ، وكَبَّرَ حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرزاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ.\n\n٢٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَحيَى الجُرجانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. قالَ عَلِيٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذكَره، إِلا أنَّه قالَ: فلَم يَقرأْ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. لأُمِّ القُرآنِ، ولَم يَقرأْ بها لِلسّورَةِ الَّتِى بَعدَها. فذكَر الحديثَ وزادَ: الأنصار. ثم قالَ: فلَم يُصَلِّ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ إِلا قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. لأُمِّ القُرآنِ والسّورَةِ الَّتِى بَعدَها، وكَبَّرَ حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا (^٢). وكأنَّه حَمَلَ لَفظَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨)، والشافعي ١/ ١٠٨.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣١١، وعبد الرزاق (٢٦١٨).","vol":"3","page":422},{"text":"حَديثِ الشافعىِّ على لَفظِ حَديثِ عبدِ الرزاقِ ولَم يُبَيِّنْ، ولَفظُ حَديثِ الشافعىِّ على ما رُوِّينا، وكَذَلِكَ رواه في \"المبسوط\" (^١).\n\n٢٤٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أَبى إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ مُعاويَةَ - ﵁ - قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فصَلَّى بهِم ولَم يَقرأْ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ولَم يُكَبِّرْ إذا خَفَضَ وإِذا رَفَعَ، فناداه المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ حينَ سَلَّمَ: أَىْ مُعاويَةُ، سَرَقتَ صَلاتَكَ، أَينَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾؟ وأَينَ التَّكبيرُ إذا خَفَضتَ وإِذا رَفَعتَ؟! فصَلَّى بهِم صَلاةً أُخرَى فقالَ ذَلِكَ فيها الذي عابوا عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٤٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قالَ: أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن مُعاويَةَ والمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ مِثلَه، أَو مِثلَ مَعناه (^٣). قالَ الشافعيُّ ﵀: وأَحسِبُ هذا الإسنادَ أَحفَظَ مِنَ الإسنادِ الأوَّلِ (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: ورواه إِسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) هو كتاب المبسوط للإمام الشافعي ﵀ في الفقه، رواه عنه الربيع بن سليمان والزعفرانى. ينظر الفهرست ١/ ٢١٠، والرسالة المستطرفة ص ١٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٧١٥). والشافعي ١/ ١٠٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٧١٦). والشافعي ١/ ١٠٨.\n(^٤) الشافعي ١/ ١٠٨، وفيه: \"أخفض\" بدلًا من: \"أحفظ\".","vol":"3","page":423},{"text":"إِسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه، أَنَّ مُعاويَةَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ (^١). ويَحتَمِلُ أَن يَكونَ ابنُ خُثَيمٍ سَمِعَه مِنهُما، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٤٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أَيّوبَ ونافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ قالا: حدثنا عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قالَ: مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ أَن يَقرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ثم فاتِحَةَ الكِتابِ، ثم يَقرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ثم يَقرأَ سورَةً. فكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يَقرأُ أَحيانًا بسورَةٍ مَعَ فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ يَفتَتِحُ كُلَّ سورَةٍ مِنها بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. وكانَ يقولُ: أَوَّلُ مَن قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. سِرًّا بالمَدينَةِ عمرُو بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ وكانَ رجلًا حَيِيًّا (^٢).\nورُوِّينا الجَهرَ بها عن فُقَهاءِ مَكَّةَ؛ عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، عن أَبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّه قالَ: إنَّ الشَّيطانَ استَرَقَ مِن أَهلِ القُرآنِ أَعظَمَ آيَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣١١ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٢) لم نجده. وأخرج عبد الرزاق (٢٦١٢) عن معمر عن الزهري أنه قال: كان يفتتح ببسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم ويقول: آية من كتاب اللَّه تركها الناس.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٦١٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤١٧١، ٤١٧٢).","vol":"3","page":424},{"text":"في القُرآنِ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١). كَذا كان في كِتابِى: عن أَبيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ. وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-559>بابُ مَن قالَ: لا يَجهَرُ بها</span>\n\n٢٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في \"الفوائد\" قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى قالَ: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَىَّ قَتادَةُ بنُ دِعامَةَ: حدَّثَنى أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ - ﵁ - أنه صَلَّى خَلفَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ - فكانوا يَستَفتِحونَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. لا يَذكُرونَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. في أَوَّلِ قراءةٍ ولا في آخِرِها (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا بَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ أبو المُنيرِ اليَربوعِيُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وخَلفَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ - فلَم أَسمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنهُم قالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٣٧)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١١٩، ١٢٠) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٩٩/ ٥٢).","vol":"3","page":425},{"text":"أبى (^١) موسَى وبُندارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، وقالَ: فلَم أَسمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنهُم يَقرأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٢). وبِهَذا اللَّفظِ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ. ورواه وكيعٌ وأَسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ عن شُعبَةَ: فلَم يَجهَروا بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣). ورواه زَيدُ بنُ حُبابٍ عن شُعبَةَ: فلَم يَكونوا يَجهَرونَ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن شُعبَةَ وهَمّامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ (^٥). ورواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (^٦) وأبو عمرَ الحَوضِيُّ وجَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ: كانوا يَفتَتِحونَ القراءةَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. وبِذَلِكَ اللَّفظِ أَخرَجَه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" (^٧).\n\n٢٤٥٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدْلُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - كانوا يَستَفتِحونَ القراءةَ بـ:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، د.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٩/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٤٩٥) من طريق وكيع به. والدارقطني ١/ ٣١٥ من طريق أسود بن عامر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٥ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٦ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وابن الجارود (١٨٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى عن شعبة به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٦، والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٢٥) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٧) البخاري (٧٤٣) عن حفص بن عمر عن شعبة به.","vol":"3","page":426},{"text":"﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عمرَ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢). وهَذا اللَّفظُ أَولَى أَن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا. فقَد رواه عامَّةُ أَصحابِ قَتادَةَ عن قَتادَةَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ؛ مِنهُم حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ (^٣)، وأَيّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ (^٤)، وهِشامٌ الدَّسْتُوائيُّ (^٥)، وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ (^٦)، وأَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ (^٧)، وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٨) وغَيرُهُم.\nقالَ أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ: وهو المَحفوظُ عن قَتادَةَ وغَيرِه عن أَنَسٍ (^٩).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رواه إِسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ وثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^١٠). وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو الجَوزاءِ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: كان يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ، والقراءةَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١١٧) عن حفص بن غياث. بدل: حفص بن عمر.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٤٣).\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٦ عن حميد.\n(^٤) سيأتي مسندًا برقم (٢٤٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٣٥)، والدارمى (١٢٧٦)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٥)، وأبو داود (٧٨٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٩١)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢١)، والنسائي (٩٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٩٦) من طريق سعيد به. ولفظ النسائي: لم أسمع أحدًا منهم يقرأ ببسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم.\n(^٧) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٦ عن أبان به.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧١٤)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٩) الدارقطني ١/ ٣١٦.\n(^١٠) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٠)، ومسلم (٣٩٩/ عقب ٥٢) من طريق إسحاق به. وأحمد (١٣٧٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤٩٧) من طريق ثابت به.","vol":"3","page":427},{"text":"الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١).\n\n٢٤٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أَيُّوبَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ - ﵁ - قالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ - ﵃ - يَفتَتِحونَ القراءةَ بـ ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ (^٢). زادَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدٍ في روايتيهما (^٣): قالَ الشافعيُّ: يَعنِى: يَبدَءونَ بقراءةِ أُمِّ القُرآنِ (^٤) قَبلَ ما يُقرأُ بَعدَها، واللهُ أَعلَمُ، ولا يَعنِى أَنَّهُم يَترُكونَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٥).\n\n٢٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه قالَ: قُمتُ وراءَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ -، فكُلُّهُم كان لا يَقرأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ (^٦). كَذا رواه مالكٌ، وخالَفَه\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٢٧٤١، ٣٠٠١).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٢٤). والشافعي ١/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨٤)، والبخاري في جزء القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٨١٣)، والنسائي (٩٠٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في س، د: \"روايتهما\".\n(^٤) في م: \"الكتاب\".\n(^٥) الشافعي ١/ ١٠٧.\n(^٦) مالك ١/ ٨١، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ٦٧، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٠٢.","vol":"3","page":428},{"text":"أَصحابُ حُمَيدٍ في لَفظِهِ.\n\n٢٤٥٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قالَ: كُنتُ صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ -، فكانوا يَفتَتِحونَ قراءتَهَم بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. هَكَذا رواه (^١) الجَماعَةُ عن حُمَيدٍ، وذكَر بَعضُهُم رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، غَيرَ أَنَّهُم ذَكَروه بلَفظِ الافتِتاحِ بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾.\nقالَ حَرمَلَةُ (^٢): قالَ الشافعيُّ في رِوايَةِ مالكٍ عن حُمَيدٍ: خالَفَه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ والفَزارِىُّ والثَّقَفِيُّ (^٣) وعَدَدٌ لَقِيتُهُم سَبعَةً أَو ثَمانيَةً مُتَّفِقينَ مُخالِفينَ له، والعَدَدُ الكَثيرُ أَولَى بالحِفظِ مِن واحِدٍ. ثم رَجَّحَ رِوايَتَهُم برِوايَةِ أَيّوبَ عن قَتادَةَ عن أَنَسٍ. وقَد مَضى (^٤).\n\n٢٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"رواية\".\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٢٣) عن حرملة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٦) من طريق سفيان به. وتمام في فوائده (٣٢٤ - الروض) من طريق مروان الفزارى به. والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٢٣) من طريق الشافعي عن عبد الوهاب الثقفى به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٤٥٣).","vol":"3","page":429},{"text":"الصَّغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا رَوْحٌ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبو نَعامَةَ الحَنَفِىُّ، عن ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، عن أَبيه قالَ: صلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ فما سَمِعتُ أَحَدًا مِنهُم يَقرأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه الجُرَيرِيُّ عن أبي نَعامَةَ قَيسِ بنِ عَبَايَةَ الحَنَفِىِّ، وزادَ في مَتنِه: عثمانَ - ﵃ -. إِلا أنَّه قالَ: فلَم أَسمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنهُم جَهرَ بها (^٢). وخالَفَهُما خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، فرواه عن أبي نَعامَةَ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ:\n\n٢٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي نَعامَةَ الحَنَفِىِّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ لا يَقرَءونَ. يَعنى: لا يَجهَرونَ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣). كَذا في الحَديثِ. ورواه الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ عن سُفيانَ وقالَ: لا يَجهَرونَ. ولَم يَقُلْ: لا يَقرَءونَ. وأبو نَعامَةَ قَيسُ بنُ عَبَايَةَ لم يَحتَجُّ به الشيخانِ (^٤)، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٤٥)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٤٤١، والنسائي (٩٠٧) من طريق عثمان بن غياث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٨٧)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١١٦، ١٣٠)، والترمذي (٢٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٨١٥) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٥٩) عن عبد اللَّه بن الوليد به.\n(^٤) هو قيس بن عباية، أبو نعامة الحنفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٥٦، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١٠٢، وثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٣١٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٧٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٩٧. قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٠٣: بصرى صدوق ما علمت فيه جرحًا. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٢٩: ثقة.","vol":"3","page":430},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-560>بابُ كَيفَ قراءةُ المُصَلِّي</span>\nقالَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا﴾ [المزمل: ٤].\nقالَ الشافعيُّ ﵀: أَقَلُّ التَّرتيلِ تَركُ العَجَلَةِ في القُرآنِ عن الإبانَةِ (^١).\n\n٢٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قالَ: سألتُ أَنَسًا عن قراءةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: كان يَمُدُّ مَدًّا (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أَنَّ قراءةَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - كانَت: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ووَصَفَ عَفّانُ حَرفًا حَرفًا، ومَدَّ بكُلِّ حَرفٍ صَوتَه (^٤).\n\n٢٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ١٠٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٣٧٦ عن عفان به. والبخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (٢٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٤٦٥) عن مسلم به. وتقدم في (٢٤٢٧، ٢٤٢٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٤٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٣٧٦ عن عفان به. وتقدم في (٢٤١٩).","vol":"3","page":431},{"text":"القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إياسٍ يَعنِى مُعاويَةَ بنَ قُرَّةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مُغَفَّلٍ يقولُ: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو على ناقَتِه أَو على جَمَلِه وهِىَ تَسيرُ به، وهو يَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الفَتحِ\" قراءةً لَيِّنَةً، أَو مِن سورَةِ \"الفَتحِ\"، وهو يُرَجِّعُ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ الباغَندِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ -، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"يُقالُ لِصاحِبِ القُرآنِ يَومَ القيامَةِ: اقرأْه وارقَهْ (^٣)، ورَتِّلْ كما كُنتَ تُرَتِّلُ في الدُّنيا، فإِنَّ مَنزِلَكَ عندَ آخِرِ آيَةٍ (^٤) تَقرَؤُها\" (^٥). مَعناهُما واحِدٌ، ووَكيعٌ أَتَمُّهُما حَديثًا.\n_________\n(^١) الترجيع: ترديد القراءة، ومنه ترجيع الأذان. وقيل: هو تقارب ضروب الحركات في الصوت. النهاية ٢/ ٢٠٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه البخارى في خلق أفعال العباد (٢١٩) عن آدم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٤٧).\n(^٣) في حاشية م: في نسخة: \"اقرأه وارتق\".\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"كنت\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٣٠)، والشعب (٢١٥٧). والحاكم ١/ ٥٥٢، ٥٥٣. وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٩١٤) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٩٩)، وأبو داود (١٤٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٥٦)، وابن حبان (٧٦٦) من طريق سفيان. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":432},{"text":"٢٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى بنَيسابورَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبْسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوْسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ - ﵁ - قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"زَيِّنوا القُرآنَ بأَصواتِكُم\" (^١).\n\n٢٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن شُعبَةَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوْسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"زَيِّنوا القُرآنَ بأَصواتِكُم\". قالَ عبدُ الرحمنِ: وكُنتُ نَسيتُ هَذِه الكَلِمَةَ حَتَّى ذَكَّرَنيها الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ عن شُعبَةَ: فنَسيتُ هذا الحَرفَ حَتَّى ذَكَّرَنِيه الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قراءةً عليه في شَوّالٍ سنةَ خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٠٩) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (١٤٦٨)، والنسائي (١٠١٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٧٧٤)، ومن طريقه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (١٩٩). والحاكم ١/ ٥٧٣. وأخرجه النسائي (١٠١٥)، وابن ماجه (١٣٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٥١) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه =","vol":"3","page":433},{"text":"أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما أَذِنَ اللهُ لِشَئٍ ما أَذِنَ لِنَبِيٍّ حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ يَتَغَنَّى بالقُرآنِ\". زادَ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ في حَديثِه: \"يَجهَرُ به\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n٢٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ الوَردِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: قالَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ: مَرَّ بنا أبو لُبابَةَ فاتَّبَعناه حَتَّى دَخَلَ بَيتَه فدَخَلْنا عليه، فإِذا رجلٌ رَثُّ البَيتِ رَثُّ الهَيئَةِ (^٤)، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ:\n_________\n= الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١١٠٣).\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤١٦٦)، وعنه أحمد (٧٦٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٥٢). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٨٦٨) من طريق الدراوردى به. والبخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (١٨٦)، وأبو داود (١٤٧٣) من طريق ابن الهاد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٩٢/ ٢٣٣)، البخاري (٧٥٤٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٢٣، ٧٤٨٢)، ومسلم (٧٩٢/ ٢٣٢).\n(^٤) الرثُّ الشيء البالى، وفلان رثُّ الهيئة وفى هيئته رثاثة أي بذاذة. الصحاح ١/ ٢٨٢، ٢٨٣ (ر ث ث).","vol":"3","page":434},{"text":"سَمِعتُ ررسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ (^١): \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ\". قالَ: فقُلتُ لابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، أَرأيتَ إنْ لم يَكُنْ حَسَنَ الصَّوتِ؟ قالَ: يُحَسِّنُه ما استَطاعَ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادٌ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ قالَ: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إِنِّى سَريعُ القراءةِ، إِنِّي أَهُذُّ (^٣) القُرآنَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَأَن أَقرأَ سورَةَ \" البَقَرَةِ\" فأُرَتِّلَها أَحَبُّ إليَّ مِن أَن أَقرأَ القُرآنَ كُلَّه هَذرَمَةً (^٤).\n\n٢٤٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن إِبراهيمَ قالَ: قرأَ عَلقَمَةُ على عبدِ اللَّهِ، وكانَ حَسَنَ الصَّوتِ، فقالَ: رَتِّلْ فِداكَ أبى وأُمِّى؛ فإِنَّه زَينُ القُرآنِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-561>بابٌ: لا تُجزِئُه قراءتُه في نَفْسِه إذا لم يَنطِقْ به لِسانُه</span>\n\n٢٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من مصدر التخريج، والمهذب ١/ ٥٠٤.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤٧١). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٠٥): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في شعب الإيمان: \"أهذرم\"، وكلاهما بمعنًى. وهو السرعة في الكلام. النهاية ٥/ ٢٥٥، ٢٥٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٥٨). وأخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (١١٩٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٤١٨٧) من طريق أبى جمرة بنحوه.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٢١٦٠) من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. وسعيد بن منصور (٥٤ - تفسير)، وابن سعد ٦/ ٨٦، وابن أبي شيبة (٨٨٠٨) من طريق المغيرة به.","vol":"3","page":435},{"text":"عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصْرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَخبَرَةَ قالَ: سألْنا خَبّابًا: أَكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الأولَى والعَصرِ؟ قالَ: نَعَم. قالَ: قُلنا: بأَيِّ شَئٍ كُنتُم تَعرِفونَ ذاكَ؟ قالَ: باضطِرابِ لِحيَتِهِ (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٢). وفيه دَليلٌ على أنَّه لا بُدَّ مِن أَن يُحَرِّكَ لِسانَه بالقراءةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-562>بابُ التّأمينِ</span>\n\n٢٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدٍ وأَبِى سلمةَ، أَنَّهُما أخبراه عن أبي هريرةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا أَمَّنَ الإمامُ فأَمِّنوا؛ فإنَّه مَن وافَقَ تأمينُه تأمينَ المَلائكَةِ غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\". قالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"آمينَ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٤٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قالَ: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٣١). وتقدم في (٢٣٩٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٤٦، ٧٦٠، ٧٦١)، ولم نجده في مسلم، ينظر تحفة الأشراف (٣٥١٧).\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٠٥: لا صراحة في هذا على الوجوب.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٣٣). والشافعي ١/ ١٠٩، ومالك ١/ ٨٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢١)، وأبو داود (٩٣٦)، والترمذي (٢٥٠)، والنسائي (٩٢٧).","vol":"3","page":436},{"text":"فذكَره بمَعناه (^١). أَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢٤٧١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ قالَ: حَفِظناه مِنَ الزُّهرِىِّ. وقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: حَدَّثَناه عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا أَمَّنَ القارِئُ فأَمِّنوا؛ فإِنَّ المَلائكَةَ يُؤَمِّنونَ، فمَنَ وافَقَ تأمينُه تأمينَ المَلائكَةِ غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٢٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ، أخبرَنِي سُمَيٌّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم في التمييز (٣٩) عن يحيى بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٨٠)، ومسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٤)، والنسائي (٩٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٤٠٢).","vol":"3","page":437},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا قالَ الإمامُ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فقولوا: آمينَ. فإِنَّه مَن وافَقَ قَولُه قَولَ المَلائِكَةِ غُفِرَ له ما تقدَّم مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أَبيهِ (^٢). قالَ البُخارِيُّ: تابَعَه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبي سَلَمَةَ.\n\n٢٤٧٣ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قالَ القارِئُ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فقالَ مَن خَلفَه: آمينَ. فوافَقَ ذَلِكَ قَولَ أَهلِ السَّماءِ: آمينَ. غُفِرَ له ما تقدَّم مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٣٥). والشافعي ١/ ١٠٩، ومالك ١/ ٨٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢٢)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٣)، والترمذى (٢٦٧)، والنسائي (١٠٦٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٣٥) عن القعنبى به. وعند الترمذي والنسائي: إذا قال الإمام: سمع الله لمن حمده. فقولوا: ربنا ولك الحمد. بدلًا من: إذا قال الإمام: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فقولوا: آمين.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٧٥)، ومسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٠٤)، والدارمى (١٢٨١) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"3","page":438},{"text":"\"إذا قالَ أَحَدُكُم: آمينَ. فقالَتِ المَلائكَةُ في السَّماءِ: آمينَ. فوافَقَت إِحداهُما الأُخرَى، غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إِملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ (^٣) بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قالَ: هذا ما حدَّثَنى أبو هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قالَ أَحَدُكُم: آمينَ والمَلائكَةُ في السَّماءِ: آمينَ. فوافَقَ إِحداهُما الأُخرَى، غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥). وثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ أَيضًا مِن حَديثِ نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُجْمِرِ وأَبِى يونُسَ سُلَيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٦).\n\n٢٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٣٦). الشافعي ١/ ١٠٩، ومالك ١/ ٨٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢٤)، والنسائي (٩٢٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٨١)، ومسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) كذا هنا، وتقدم في (٤٧٢، ٢٢١٢)، وسيأتي في (٣٠٦١) عبيد الله. وكذا هو في فتح الباب (٦٣).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٦٤٥)، وعنه أحمد (٨١٢٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٤١٠/ عقب ٧٥).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٤٢٩) من حديث نعيم. وأخرجه مسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٤) من طريق أبى يونس به.","vol":"3","page":439},{"text":"عاصِمٍ يَعنِى الأحوَلَ، عن أبي عثمانَ قالَ: قالَ بلالٌ - ﵁ - لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ (^١). ورواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ فقالَ: عن بلالٍ أنَّه قالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ (^٢). ورِوايَةُ عبدِ الرزاقِ أَصَحُّ، كَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن عاصِمٍ (^٣).\nورواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن عاصِمٍ كما:\n\n٢٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا رَوْحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. قالَ: وأَخبَرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سليمانَ. قالَ: وفِي حَديثِ رَوحٍ قالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ عاصِمُ بنُ سليمانَ أَنَّ أبا عثمانَ النَّهدِيَّ حدَّثه عن بلالٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ عن عاصِمٍ:\n\n٢٤٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ في \"المسند\"، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمٌ، عن أبي عثمانَ قالَ: قالَ بلالٌ - ﵁ -: قالَ\n_________\n(^١) الطبراني (١١٢٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٦٣٦). وتقدم في (٢٣٣١ - ٢٣٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٣٧) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٣٢).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٩.","vol":"3","page":440},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\" (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: فكأَنَّ بلالًا كان يُؤَمِّنُ قَبلَ تأمينِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا تَسبِقْنِى بآمينَ\". كما قالَ: \"إذا أَمَّنَ الإمامُ فأَمِّنوا\".\n\n٢٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ قالَ: دَخَلتُ على عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فحَدَّثَتنِى قالَت: بَينَما أَنا قاعِدَةٌ عندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جاءَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ فاستأذَنَ أَحَدُهُم. وذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"تَدرينَ على ما حَسَدونا؟ \". قُلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أَعلَمُ. قالَ: \"فإِنَّهُم حَسَدونا على القِبلَةِ الَّتِي هُدينا لَها وضَلُّوا عَنها، وعَلَى الجُمُعَةِ الَّتِي هُدينا لَها وضَلُّوا عَنها، وعَلَى قَولِنا خَلفَ الإمامِ: آمينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٤٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٦٨) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب القاضي به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٢٩)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٢ من طريق حصين به، وعندهما: \"عمر بن قيس\" بدلًا من: \"عمرو بن قيس\".","vol":"3","page":441},{"text":"قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لم يَحسُدونا اليَهودُ بشَئٍ ما حَسَدونا بثَلاثٍ: التَّسليمِ، والتّأمينِ، واللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-563>بابُ جَهرِ الإمامِ بالتّأمينِ</span>\n\n٢٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: حدَّثنى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أَنَّ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - قالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا أَمَّنَ الإمامُ فأَمِّنوا، فإِنَّ المَلائكَةَ تُؤَمِّنُ، فمَن وافَقَ تأمينُه تأمينَ المَلائكَةِ غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\". قالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ ﵀: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"آمينَ\". قالَ يونُسُ: وكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٢). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٢٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٢، وابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٣٢، والخطيب في الموضح ٢/ ٢١٤، ٢١٥ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٠٧: عبد اللَّه واهٍ.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٩)، وابن وهب (٤٠٨)، ومالك ١/ ٨٧. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٨٣) من طريق ابن وهب عن يونس. وليس عند ابن ماجه وابن خزيمة قول ابن شهاب وابن يونس الأخير. وتقدم في (٢٤٦٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٨٠)، ومسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤١٠/ ٧٣).","vol":"3","page":442},{"text":"الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرئفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن حُجرِ بنِ العَنبَسِ، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ قالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا قالَ: \"آمينَ\". رَفَعَ بها صَوتَه. لفظُ حَديثِ الفَقيهِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ السُّلَمِىِّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - إذا قالَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ قالَ: \"آمينَ\". رَفَعَ بها صَوتَه في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٢٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدَّثَنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ. فذكَر بإِسنادِه مِثلَه وقالَ: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: \"آمينَ\". يَمُدُّ بها صَوتَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ عن سُفيانَ: يَمُدُّ بها صَوتَه (^٣). وقالَ الفِريابِىُّ عن سُفيانَ في هذا الحَديثِ: رَفَعَ صَوتَه بآمينَ وطَوَّلَ بها (^٤). وبِمَعناه رواه العَلاءُ بنُ صالِحٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١١). وأخرجه مسلم في التمييز (٣٧)، وأبو داود (٩٣٢)، والترمذي (٢٤٨)، وفى العلل (٩٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٣٨) عن الأشجعي.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٤٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٤ من طريق الفريابى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٤٩) من طريق العلاء بن صالح به. وذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٤ عن محمد بن =","vol":"3","page":443},{"text":"وخالَفَهُم شُعبَةُ في إِسنادِه ومَتنِهِ:\n\n٢٤٨٤ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سلمةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ حُجْرًا أبا العَنبَسِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن وائلٍ، وقَد سَمِعتُه مِن وائلٍ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا قرأَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: \"آمينَ\". خَفَضَ بها صَوتَه (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِىُّ قالَ: خولِفَ شُعبَةُ فيه في ثَلاثَةِ أَشياءَ؛ قيلَ: حُجْرٌ أبو السَّكَنِ. [وهو ابنُ] (^٢) عَنبَسٍ، وزادَ فيه: عَلقَمَةَ. ولَيسَ فيه. وقالَ: خَفَضَ بها صَوتَه. وإِنَّما هو: جَهرَ بها (^٣).\nوبَلَغَنِى عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ عن البُخارِىِّ، أنَّه ذكَره وقالَ: حَديثُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن سلمةَ في هذا البابِ أَصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وشُعبَةُ أَخطأَ فيهِ. وَكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو زُرعَةَ الرَّازِىُّ (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: أَمّا خَطَؤُه في مَتنِه فبَيِّنٌ، وأمَّا قَولُه: حُجْرٌ أبو العَنبَسِ. فكَذَلِكَ ذكَره محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٥). وأمَّا قَولُه: عن عَلقَمَةَ.\n_________\n= سلمة، والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٣٨) عن العلاء بن صالح ومحمد بن سلمة به.\n(^١) الطيالسي (١١١٧).\n(^٢) في التاريخ الكبير: \"وقال: هو أبو\".\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧٣.\n(^٤) الترمذي عقب (٢٤٨)، والعلل عقب (٩٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارمي (١٢٨٣)، وأبو داود (٩٣٢) عن محمد بن كثير به.","vol":"3","page":444},{"text":"فقَد بَيَّنَ في رِوايَتِه أَنَّ حُجْرًا سَمِعَه مِن عَلقَمَةَ، وقَد سَمِعَه أَيضًا مِن وائلٍ نَفسِه. وقَد رواه أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن شُعبَةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ:\n\n٢٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في \"الفوائد الكبير\" لأبِى العباسِ وفِي حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ حُجْرًا أبا عَنبَسٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن وائلٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، أنَّه صَلَّى خَلفَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا قال: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: \"آمينَ\". رافِعًا بها صَوتَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ:\n\n٢٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ مِن أَصلِه، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أَبيه قالَ: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَجهَرُ بآمينَ (^٢).\n\n٢٤٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صادِقٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣).\nورواه زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ وقالَ: مَدَّ بها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٤٣ (١٠٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٣٢ من طريق أبى الوليد به، وعند الطبراني: \"فاخفى بها صوته\". وعند الحاكم: \"يخفض بها صوته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٦٩) عن الأسود بن عامر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧٣) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"3","page":445},{"text":"صَوتَه (^١). ورواه عَمَّارُ بنُ زُرَيقٍ (^٢) عن أبي إِسحاقَ عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ وقالَ: رَفَعَ بها صَوتَه.\n\n٢٤٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن أبي [بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيِّ] (^٣)، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ اليَحصُبِيِّ، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قاالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: \"رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِى، آمينَ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عَبْدانُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن جَدِّى، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن نُعَيمٍ المُجْمِرِ قالَ: صَلَّى بنا أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. ثم قرأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ: آمينَ. ثم قالَ: والَّذى نَفسِى بيَدِه إِنِّى لأشبَهُكُم صَلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٢ (٣٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٤، ٣٣٥ من طريق زيد بن أبي أنيسة به.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ بتقديم الزاى المعجمة، وفى تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ١٨٩، والتقريب ٢/ ٤٧: \"رزيق\" بتقديم الراء.\n(^٣) في س: \"شريك\".\n(^٤) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى الرزاز (٣٧٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ٤٢ (١٠٧) من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ١٥٠٨: هذا حديث منكر، والعطاردى وأبوه تُكُلم فيهما، واليحصبى فيه جهالة.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٤٢٩).","vol":"3","page":446},{"text":"٢٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بن عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الزُّبَيدِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ قالَ: أخبرَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ وسَعيدٍ، أَنَّ أبا هريرةَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا فرَغَ مِن قراءةِ أُمِّ القُرآنِ رَفَعَ صَوتَه فقالَ: \"آمينَ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو الأحوَصِ القاضِى، عن إِسحاقَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ العَلاءِ الزُّبَيدِىِّ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالَ: قالَ عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: هذا إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ (^٢). يريدُ إِسنادَ هذا الحَديثِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-564>بابُ جَهرِ الإمامِ بالتّأمينِ</span>\n\n٢٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، أَنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان يُؤَذِّنُ لِمَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، فاشتَرَطَ ألَّا يَسبِقَه بـ ﴿الضَّالِّينَ﴾ حَتَّى يَعلَمَ أنَّه قَد دَخَلَ الصَّفَّ، فكانَ إذا قالَ مَرْوانُ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قالَ أبو هريرةَ: آمينَ. يَمُدُّ بها صَوتَه، وقالَ: إذا وافَقَ تأمينُ أَهلِ الأرضِ تأمينَ أَهلِ السَّماءِ غُفِرَ لَهُم.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٥ من طريق يحيى بن عثمان بن صالح به. وابن خزيمة (٥٧١) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٣٥. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٠٩: إسحاق راويه مجروح.","vol":"3","page":447},{"text":"٢٤٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: كُنتُ أَسمَعُ الأئمَّةَ؛ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ ومَن بَعدَه، يَقولونَ: آمينَ. ومَن خَلفَهُم: آمينَ. حَتَّى إنَّ لِلمَسجِدِ لَلَجَّةً (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يَرفَعُ بها صَوتَه إِمامًا كان أَو مأمومًا (^٢).\n\n٢٤٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبي أَيّوبَ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: أَدرَكتُ مِائَتَينِ مِنِ أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في هذا المَسجِدِ إذا قالَ الإمامُ: ﴿غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِم وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. سَمِعتُ لَهُم رَجَّةً بآمينَ (^٣).\nورواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن عليِّ بنِ الحسنِ وقالَ: رَفَعوا أَصواتَهُم بآمينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) اللَّجَّة: اختلاط الأصوات. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ١٣٦، وينظر القاموس المحيط ١/ ٢١٢ (ل ج ج). والحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٧٤٠). الشافعي ٧/ ٢٠١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٦٤٠) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) ينظر صحيح ابن خزيمة (٥٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٦٣ من طريق على بن الحسن به، وعنده: على بن الحسين. بدلًا من: على بن الحسن. وخالد بن أبي ثور. بدلًا من: خالد بن أبي أيوب.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٦/ ٢٦٥ من طريق إسحاق به، وفيه: خالد بن أبي نوف. بدلًا من: خالد بن أبي أيوب.","vol":"3","page":448},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-565>بابُ القراءةِ بَعدَ أُمِّ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n٢٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزّازُ (^١)، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ أبى عليٍّ بيَّاعِ الأنماطِ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: أَمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَن أُنادِىَ: \"لا صَلاةَ إِلا بقراءةِ فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فما زادَ\" (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-566>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في إِكمالِ سورَةٍ ابتَدأَها بَعدَ الفاتِحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَمدانَ بهَمَذانَ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ أحمدَ الجَزّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وكانَ يُطَوِّلُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، ويُقَصِّرُ في الثّانيَةِ، ويُسمِعُنا الآيَةَ أَحيانًا (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الوراق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٩٧). ومجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى الرزاز (٧٠٣). وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٣٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٧٥٥) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٥٩)، ومسلم (٤٥١).","vol":"3","page":449},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-567>بابُ الاقتِصارِ على قراءةِ بَعضِ السُّورَةِ</span>\n\n٢٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ. قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٌ: قالَ سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ يقولُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدَّثَنا حَجَّاجٌ. قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عَبَّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ ابنُ سُفيانَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ العابِدِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ قالَ: صَلَّى النبيُّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ الصُّبحَ، فاستَفتَحَ سورَةَ المُؤمِنينَ، حَتَّى إذا جاءَ ذِكرُ موسَى وهارونَ، أَو ذِكرُ عيسَى - محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ يَشُكُّ، واختَلَفوا عليه - أَخَذَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - سَعْلَةٌ. قالَ: فرَكَعَ، وابنُ السّائبِ حاضِرٌ (^١). كَذَلِكَ رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الجمّالِ (^٢) عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣). وقالَ البُخارِىُّ: يُذكَرُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ بهَذا (^٤).\n\n٢٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ المَعروفُ بابنِ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٦) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ بالجيم، وقيل: أنها بالحاء. وينظر الإكمال ٣/ ٢٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ١١٥.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٥٥/ ١٦٣).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٧٧٤).","vol":"3","page":450},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قالَ: قُرِئَ على أحمدَ بنِ مُلاعِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ قالَ: وقُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أَسمَعُ، حدَّثَنا بِشْرُ بنُ عمرٍو أبو الوَليدِ قالَ: حدَّثَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى صاحِبُ البَصرِىِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قالَ: أَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَن نَقرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وبِما تَيَسَّرَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-568>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَ سورَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n٢٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى ابنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: إِنِّى قَرأتُ المُفَصَّلَ اللَّيلَةَ في رَكعَةٍ. فقالَ له ابنُ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -: أَهَذًّا كَهَذِّ الشِّعرِ (^٢)؟ لَقَد عَرَفتُ النَّظائرَ الَّتِى كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرِنُ بَينَهُنَّ. وذكَر عِشرينَ سورَةً مِن أَوَّلِ المُفَصَّلِ، سورَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ واحدةٍ (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدَّثَنا الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٣). وأخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الامام (١٢)، وأبو داود (٨١٨) عن أبي الوليد به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٠٩: سنده صحيح، ويدل على وجوب الفاتحة.\n(^٢) الهذ: شدة الإسراع. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٠٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٢١٧٨) من طريق آدم به. وأحمد (٤١٥٤)، والنسائي (١٠٠٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٧٥)، ومسلم (٨٢٢/ عقب ٢٧٩).","vol":"3","page":451},{"text":"شَقيقٍ قالَ: سألتُ عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قُلتُ: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرِنُ بَينَ السُّوَرِ؟ قالت: مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ (^١).\n\n٢٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ جَميعًا، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ. فذكَره إِلا أنَّه قالَ: بَينَ السّورَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أَنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - قرأَ لَهُم: ﴿وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى﴾. فسَجَدَ فيها، ثم قامَ فقَرأَ سورَةً أُخرَى (^٣).\n\n٢٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنى نافِعٌ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يَجمَعُ السُّورَتَينِ والثَّلاثَ مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ في السَّجدَةِ الواحِدَةِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٩٢)، وفيه: السورتين. بدلًا من: السور. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٢٧) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٨٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٩) من طريق عبد الله بن شقيق به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٢٩) عن إسماعيل بلفظ: أكان رسول الله - ﷺ - يقرأ السور؟ قالت: المفصل.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٢٠٦، ومن طريقه الشافعي ١/ ١٣٧، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٤٦ - ٢٨٤٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٧١١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني =","vol":"3","page":452},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-569>بابُ إِعادَةِ سورَةٍ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ</span>\n\n٢٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُحْرِزُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: كان رجلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يَؤُمُّهُم في مَسجِدِ قُباءٍ، فكانَ كُلَّما افتَتَحَ سورَةً يَقرؤُها لَهُم في الصَّلاةِ مِمّا يُقرأُ به افتَتَحَ بـ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِنها، ثم يَقرأُ سورَةً أُخرَى مَعَها، وكانَ يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، فكَلَّمَه أَصحابُه وقالوا: إنَّكَ تَفتَتِحُ بهَذِه السّورَةِ، ثم لا تَرَى أَنَّها تُجزِئُكَ حَتَّى تَقرأَ بأُخرَى، فإِمّا أَن تَقَرأَها، وإِمّا أَن تَدَعَها وتَقرأَ أُخرَى. فقالَ لَهُم: ما أَنا بتارِكِها، إِن أَحبَبتُم أَن أَؤُمَّكُم بذَلِكَ فعَلتُ، وإِن كَرِهتُم تَرَكتُكُم. وكانوا يَرَونَه أَفضَلَهُم، وكَرِهوا أَن يَؤُمَّهُم غَيرُه، فلَمّا أَتاهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَخبَروه الخَبَرَ، فقالَ: \"يا فلانُ، ما يَمنَعُكَ مِمَّا يأمُرُكَ أَصحابُكَ؟ وما يَحمِلُكَ على لُزومِ هَذِه السّورَةِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ؟ \". فقالَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّى أُحِبُّها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ حُبَّها يُدخِلُكَ الجَنَّةَ\".\n\n٢٥٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الصَّقرِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ (^١)، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n= ١/ ٣٤٨ من طرق عن نافع به.\n(^١) بعده في س: \"عبد الله الحافظ ثنا أبو الحسن\".","vol":"3","page":453},{"text":"عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^١). قالَ البُخارِيُّ: وقالَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ عن ثابِتٍ عن أَنَسٍ. فذكَر هذا الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-570>بابُ الاقتِصارِ على فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي مَحمودُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إِسماعيلُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: قالَ أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: في كُلِّ صَلاةٍ يُقرأُ، فما أَسمعَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَسمَعْناكُم، وما أَخفَى أَخفَيناه مِنكُم. فَقالَ رجلٌ: أَرأيتَ إِن لم أَزِدْ على أُمِّ القُرآنِ؟ قال: إِن زِدتَ عَلَيها فهوَ خَيرٌ، وإِنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٥٤٠). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٠، ٢٤١ من طريق على بن الصقر به، وعده: على بن الصفر. وابن خزيمة (٥٣٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة به. والترمذي (٢٩٠١) من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٧٤ - م).\n(^٣) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢)، وفى الصغرى (٥٦٦)، وابن وهب في موطئه (٣٥٦). وأخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٦)، والدارمى (١٢٧٨) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٥)، والبخاري (٧٥٦).","vol":"3","page":454},{"text":"انتَهَيتَ إِلَيها (^١) أَجزأتْ عَنكَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّائغُ قراءةً عليه، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنا حَنظَلَةُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لم يَقرأْ فيهِما إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٠٨ - وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الخَطّابِ عن حَنظَلَةَ السَّدوسِىِّ، إِلا أنَّه قالَ: صَلَّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأَدَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الرَّملِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الخَطّابِ، حدَّثَنا حَنظَلَةُ السَّدوسِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عليها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٢٣) عن إسماعيل به. والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٨)، والنسائي (٩٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٧) من طريق ابن جريج به، وزيادة السؤال لأبي هريرة عند المصنف في الصغرى فحسب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٧٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٠) عن عفان به. وابن خزيمة (٥١٣) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥١٢: حنظلة ضعفه النسائي.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٢٩، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٤٢٤ من طريق محمد بن عبد العزيز الرملى به.","vol":"3","page":455},{"text":"٢٥٠٩ - ورواه غَيرُهُما عن حَنظَلَةَ، حدثنا شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لم يَزِدْ فيهِما على فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو بَحْرٍ البَكراوِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَنظَلَةُ السَّدوسِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِه في جَوازِ الاقتِصارِ على فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-571>بابُ وُجوبِ القراءةِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ</span>\n\n٢٥١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، حدَّثنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ، فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فصَلَّى، ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَ هذا، فأَرِنِي وعَلِّمْنِي. قالَ: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فَكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٢٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٦٢٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٩٠).","vol":"3","page":456},{"text":"ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ في صَلاتِكَ كُلِّها\" (^١). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥١١ - ورواه إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، عن أبي أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -. وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"ثم كَذَلِكَ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ وسَجدَةٍ\". أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الخَفّافُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٢٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النّاقِدُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: إذا كُنتَ إِمامًا فخَفِّفْ، فإِنَّ في النّاسِ الكَبيرَ والضَّعيفَ وذا الحاجَةِ، وإِذا صَلَّيتَ وحدَكَ فطَوِّلْ ما بَدا لَكَ، وفِي كُلِّ صَلاةٍ اقرأْ، فما أَسمعَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أَسمَعْناكُم، وما أَخفَى عَنّا [أَخفَينا عَنكُم] (^٤). فقالَ له رجلٌ: أَرأَيتَ إِن لم أَزِدْ على أُمِّ القُرآنِ؟ قالَ: إِن زِدتَ عَلَيها فهوَ خَيرٌ، وإِنِ انتَهَيتَ إِلَيها أَجزأَ عَنكَ (^٥). رواه مُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٣). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٨٨١) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم في (٢٣٩٥، ٢٢٩٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٥٧، ٧٩٣، ٦٢٥٢)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٦٦٦٧)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) في س: \"أخفيناكم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٨٧٩) من طريق أبى يعلى به. وتقدم في (٢٥٠٦).","vol":"3","page":457},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ (^١) دونَ ما في أَوَّلِه مِنَ الأمرِ بالتَّخفيفِ، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ كما مَضى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-572>بابُ مَن قالَ: يَقتَصِرُ في الأُخرَيَينِ على فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ وأَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسُورَتينِ، وفى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ بأُمِّ الكتابِ، ويُسمِعُنا الآيةَ، ويُطَوِّلُ في الركعةِ الأولى ما لا يُطِيلُ في الركعةِ الثانيةِ (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٥١٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرٌ قالَ: حدَّثَنى يَزيدُ الفَقيرُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵄ -\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٩٦/ ٤٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٧٢). وتقدم عقب (٢٥٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٢٧)، والدارمى (١٣٣٠)، وأبو داود (٧٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وعند الدارمي عن همام وحده. وسيأتي في (٢٥٢٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥١/ ١٥٥)، البخاري (٧٧٦).","vol":"3","page":458},{"text":"يقولُ: يُقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ - يَعنِى الأُولَيَينِ - بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِي الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ. قال: وكُنّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّه لا صَلاةَ إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فما فوقَ ذاكَ. أَو قالَ: ما أَكثَرَ مِن ذاكَ (^١). ورُوّينا ما دَلَّ على هذا عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وعائشَةَ - ﵃ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-573>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ قراءةَ السّورَةِ بَعدَ الفاتِحَةِ في الأُخرَيَينِ</span>\n\n٢٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشْرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بِشْرٍ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ، عن الوَليدِ أبى بشرٍ، عن أبي الصِّدّيقِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قالَ: كُنّا نَحزِرُ (^٣) قيامَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، فحَزَرنا (^٣) قيامَه في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ قَدرَ قراءةِ: \"الم تَنزيلُ السَّجدَةِ\"، وحَزَرنا (^٣) قيامَه في الأُخرَيَينِ قَدرَ نِصفٍ مِن ذَلِكَ، وحَزَرنا (^٣) قيامَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٧). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢١٠ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن أبي شية (٣٧٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٤٣) من طريق مسعر به، وعند ابن ماجه: كنا نقرأ. بدلًا من: كنا نتحدث.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٦٥٦، ٢٦٦٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٣٩، ٣٧٤٣، ٣٧٥٣).\n(^٣) في م، والصغرى: \"نحرز، فحرزنا، وحرزنا\" على الترتيب. والحزر: التقدير. ينظر المصباح المنير (ح ز ر).","vol":"3","page":459},{"text":"في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ على قَدرِ قيامِه في الأُخرَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ، وفِي الأُخرَيَينِ على النِّصفِ مِن ذَلِكَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. وفِي حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ: على قَدرِ ثَلاثينَ آيَةً. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءِ بنِ السِّندِيِّ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ، عن الوَليدِ أبى بشرٍ، عن أبي الصِّدِّيقِ النّاجِيِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: كان يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ قَدرَ ثَلاثينَ آيَةً، وفِي الأُخرَيَينِ قَدرَ خَمسَ عَشَرَةَ آيَةً - أَو قالَ: نِصفَ ذَلِكَ - وفِي العَصرِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ قَدرَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ آيَةً، وفِي الأُخرَيَينِ قَدرَ نِصفِ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤). وأخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩٣) عن مسدد. وأحمد (١٠٩٨٦)، وأبو داود (٨٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠٩) من طريق هشيم به. وليس عند البخاري: أبو بشر الوليد بن مسلم.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٥٢/ ١٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٠٠٣) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (١١٨٠٢)، والدارمى (١٣٢٥) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥٢/ ١٥٧).","vol":"3","page":460},{"text":"سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى سليمانَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، أَنَّ عُبادَةَ بنَ نُسَىٍّ أخبرَه أنَّه سمِع قَيسَ بنَ الحارِثِ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنابِحِيُّ أنَّه قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ في خِلافَةِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فصلَّى وراءَ أبى بكرٍ المَغرِبَ، فقَرأَ أبو بكرٍ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وسورَةٍ سورَةٍ مِن قِصارِ المُفَصَّلِ، ثم قامَ في الرَّكعَةِ الثّالِثَةِ قالَ: فدَنَوتُ مِنه حَتَّى إنَّ ثيابِى لَتَكادُ أَن تَمَسَّ ثيابَه، فسَمِعتُه قرأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٨]. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قالَ الشافعيُّ: وقالَ سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: لَمّا سمِع عمرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بهَذا عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - قالَ: إِن كُنتُ لَعَلَى غَيرِ هذا حَتَّى سَمِعتُ بهَذا فأَخَذتُ بهِ (^١).\n\n٢٥١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا صَلَّى وحدَه يَقرأُ في الأربَعِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٤٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٧، ٢٢٨. ومالك ١/ ٧٩، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٢٦٩٨)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٥٨، ٥/ ٣٢١، وأبو داود - كما في تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٢٩٨ (٦٦٠٧).","vol":"3","page":461},{"text":"جميعًا في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وسورَةٍ، وكانَ أَحيانًا يَقرأُ بالسّورَتينِ والثَّلاثِ في الرَّكعَةِ الواحِدَةِ في صَلاةِ الفَريضَةِ، ويَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ كَذَلِكَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وسورَةٍ سورَةٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الشافعيُّ المَغرِبَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-574>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في تَطويلِ الأُولَيَينِ وتَخفيفِ الأُخرَيَينِ</span>\n\n٢٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنُ المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرٍو [شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوَّارٍ] (^٢)، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عَونٍ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أَنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - قالَ لِسَعدِ بنِ أبي وقاَّصٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّ أَهلَ الكوفَةِ قَد (^٣) شَكَوكَ في كُلِّ شَئٍ حَتَّى في الصَّلاةِ.\n\n٢٥٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وحَجَّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، واللَّفظ لِسُلَيمانَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عَونٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ سَمُرَةَ قالَ: قالَ عُمَرُ لِسَعدٍ - ﵄ -: قَد شَكَوكَ في كُلِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٤٥). والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٧، ٢٢٨، ومالك ١/ ٧٩.\n(^٢) في س: \"وشبابة بن سوار قالا\".\n(^٣) ليس في: م.","vol":"3","page":462},{"text":"شَئٍ حَتَّى الصَّلاةِ. قالَ: أَمّا أَنا فأَمُدُّ في الأُولَيَينِ، وأَحذِفُ في الأُخرَيَينِ، ولا آلُو ما اقتَدَيتُ به مِن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ: صَدَقتَ، ذاكَ الظَّنُّ بكَ. وفِي حَديثِ شَبَابَةَ: فأَمُدُّ بهِم في الأُولَيَينِ، وأَحذِفُ بهِم في الأُخرَيَينِ. وقالَ في آخِرِه: فقالَ: ذاكَ الظَّنُّ بكَ يا أبا إسحاقَ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قالَ: شَكا أَهلُ الكوفَةِ سَعدًا إلى عمرَ فعَزَلَه، واستَعمَلَ عَلَيهِم عَمَّارًا، فشَكَوا حَتَّى ذَكَروا أنَّه لا يُحسِنُ يُصَلِّى، فأَرسَلَ إِلَيه فقالَ: يا أبا إِسحاقَ، إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ يَزعُمونَ أَنَّكَ لا تُحسِنُ تُصَلِّى. قالَ: أَمّا أَنا واللَّهِ فإِنِّى كُنتُ أُصَلِّى بهِم صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما أَخرِمُ عَنها؛ أُصَلِّى صَلاةَ العِشاءِ فأَركُدُ في الأُولَيَينِ وأَحذِفُ في الأُخرَيَينِ. قالَ: ذاكَ الظَّنُّ بكَ يا أبا إِسحاقَ. فأَرسَلَ معه رجلًا أَو رِجالًا إلى أَهلِ الكوفَةِ، يَسأَلُ عنه أَهلَ الكوفَةِ، فلَم يَدَعْ مَسجِدًا إِلا سأَلَ عنه، ويُثنونَ مَعروفًا، حَتَّى دَخَلَ مسجدَ بَنِى عَبسٍ فجلَس،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٠)، وأبو داود (٨٠٣)، والنسائي (١٠٠١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٧٠)، ومسلم (٤٥٣/ ١٥٩).","vol":"3","page":463},{"text":"فقامَ رجلٌ مِنهُم يُقالُ له: أُسامَةُ بنُ قَتادَةَ يُكنَى أبا سَعدَةَ قالَ: أَمَّا إذا نَشَدتَنا، فإِنَّ سَعدًا كان لا يَسيرُ بالسَّريَّةِ، ولا يَقسِمُ بالسَّويَّةِ، ولا يَعدِلُ في القَضيَّةِ. قالَ سَعدٌ: أَما واللهِ لأدعوَنَّ اللهَ بثَلاثٍ: اللَّهُمَّ إِن كان عَبدُكَ هذا كاذِبًا، قامَ رياءً وسُمعَةً، فأَطِلْ عُمُرَه، وأَطِلْ فقرَه، وعَرِّضْه بالفِتَنِ. وكانَ بَعدُ إِذ يُسأَلُ يقولُ: شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ مَفتونٌ أَصابَتنِى دَعوَةُ سَعدٍ. قالَ عبدُ المَلِكِ: فأَنا رأَيتُه بَعدُ قَد سَقَطَ حاجِباه على عَينَيه مِنَ الكِبَرِ، وإِنَّه لَيَتَعَرَّضُ لِلجَوارِى في الطُّرُقِ يَغمِزُهُنَّ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-575>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في تَطويلِ الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى</span>\n\n٢٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ، يُطيلُ في الأُولَى، ويُقَصِّرُ في الثّانيَةِ، ويَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٣). رواه البُخارِيُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٧٥٨) مختصرًا، والبزار (١٠٦٢)، وأبو يعلى (٦٩٣)، والطبراني (٣٠٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٢٠)، وأبو داود (٧٩٨)، والنسائي (٩٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٨٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٥٧) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"3","page":464},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^١).\n\n٢٥٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ (^٢) رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمَّامٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ بأُمِّ الكِتابِ وسورَتَينِ، وفِي الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ بأُمِّ الكِتابِ، وكانَ يُسمِعُنا أَحْيَانًا الآيَةَ، وكانَ يُطيلُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، ولا يُطيلُ في الثّانيَةِ، وهَكَذا في العَصرِ، وهَكَذا في الصُّبحِ (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ عن هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: فظَنَنّا أنَّه يُريدُ بذَلِكَ أَن يُدرِكَ النّاسُ الرَّكعَةَ الأولَى (^٥).\n\n٢٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدِ بنَ شاكِرٍ، وأَحمَدُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٧٩).\n(^٢) في س: \"أبو\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٥١٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٧٦)، ومسلم (٤٥١/ ١٥٥).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٨٠٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٦٧٥).","vol":"3","page":465},{"text":"هَمَّامٌ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن رجلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي أَوفَى، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقومُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى مِنَ الظُّهرِ حَتَّى لا يَسمَعَ وقعَ قَدَمٍ (^١). يُقالُ: هذا الرَّجُلُ هو طَرَفَةُ الحَضرَمِيُّ.\n\n٢٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الشَّعْرانِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا الحِمّانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ الحُمَيسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن طَرَفَةَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي أَوفَى قالَ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بنا الظُّهرَ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ، ولَو جَعَلتَ جَنْبًا في الرَّمضاءِ لأَنضَجَته، وكانَ يُطيلُ الرَّكعَةَ الأولَى مِنَ الظُّهرِ، فلا يَزالُ يَقرأُ قائمًا ما دامَ يَسمَعُ خَفقَ نِعالِ القَومِ، ويَجعَلُ الرَّكعَةَ الثّانيَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الأولَى، والثّالِثَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الثّانيَةِ، والرّابِعَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الثّالِثَةِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى بنا العَصرَ قَدرَ ما يَسيرُ السَّائرُ فرسَخَينِ أَو ثَلاثَةً، وكانَ يُطيلُ الرَّكعَةَ الأولَى مِنَ العَصرِ، والثّانيَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الأولَى، والثّالِثَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الثّانيَةِ، والرَّابِعَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الثّالِثَةِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى بنا المَغرِبَ حينَ يقولُ القائلُ: غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، وقائلٌ يقولُ: لم تَغرُبْ، وكانَ يُطيلُ الرَّكعَةَ الأولَى مِنَ المَغرِبِ، والثّانيَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الأولَى، والثّالِثَةَ أَقصَرَ مِنَ الثّانيَةِ، وكانَ يُؤَخِّرُ العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ شَيئًا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٤٦)، وأبو داود (٨٠٢) من طريق عفان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٣٣٧٦) من طريق الحمانى به. وابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٤٤٨) من طريق طرفة بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥١٦: طرفة لا يُعرف، وأبو إسحاق خازم صاحب مناكير، والحمانى ليس بعمدة.","vol":"3","page":466},{"text":"٢٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ - قالَ: لَقَد كانَت صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ تُقامُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - فيَذهَبُ الذّاهِبُ إلى البَقيعِ، فيَقضِى حاجَتَه ثم يَتَوَضّأُ، ثم يأْتِي ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى مِمّا يُطَوِّلُها (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-576>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَوِّى بَينَ الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ إذا لم يَنتَظِرْ أَحَدًا، ثم بَينَ الأُخرَيَينِ</span>\n\n٢٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، حدَّثَنا مَنصورُ بنُ زاذانَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي الصِّدّيقِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قالَ: كُنّا نَحْزِرُ قيامَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الظُّهرِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ قَدرَ قراءةِ ثَلاثينَ آيَةً، قَدرَ قراءةِ: \"الم تَنزيلُ السَّجدَةِ\"، وفِي الأُخرَيَينِ على نِصفٍ مِن ذَلِكَ، وحَزَرنا قيامَه في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ على قَدرِ الأُخرَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ، والأُخرَيَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ على النِّصفِ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣). رواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٩٧٢) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٥٤/ ١٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٠٠٢) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٥١٥).","vol":"3","page":467},{"text":"مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن هُشَيمٍ (^١). ورواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن مَنصورٍ، فقال في الحَديثِ: في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ قَدرَ ثَلاثينَ آيَةً (^٢). وقَد أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" على ما مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-577>بابُ التَّكبيرِ لِلرُّكوعِ وغَيرِهِ</span>\n\n٢٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قالَ: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أَنَ أبا هريرةَ كان يُصَلِّى بهِم، فيُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما خَفَضَ ورَفَعَ، فإِذا انصَرَفَ قالَ: واللهِ إِنِّى لأَشبَهُكُم صَلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وفِي حَديثِ يَحيَى: فلمَّا انصَرَفَ (^٤). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٢٥٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٥٢/ ١٥٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٥١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٥٢/ ١٥٧). وتقدم عقب (٢٥١٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٥٣). والشافعي ١/ ١١٠. ومالك ١/ ٧٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٢٠)، والنسائي (١١٥٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٧٨٥)، ومسلم (٣٩٢/ ٢٧).","vol":"3","page":468},{"text":"حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَركَعُ، ثم يقولُ: \"سَمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". حينَ يَرفَعُ صُلبَه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ، ثم يقولُ وهو قائمٌ: \"رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأْسَه، ثم يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في الصَّلاةِ كُلِّها حَتَّى يَقضيَها، ويُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ مِنَ اثْنَتَين بَعدَ الجُلوسِ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن حُجَينِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵃ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما خَفَضَ ورَفَعَ. قالَ: فلَم تَزَلْ تِلكَ صَلاتَه حَتَّى لَقِىَ اللَّهَ ﷿ (^٣). وَهوَ مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ. وهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨٥١)، والنسائي (١١٤٩) من طريق ليث به. والترمذي (٢٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٧٨) من طريق ابن شهاب به، وعند الترمذي مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٩٢/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٥٤). والشافعي ١/ ١١٠، وابن وهب (٣٨٧)، ومالك ١/ ٧٦، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٢٤٩٧).","vol":"3","page":469},{"text":"الأخيرَةُ قَد روِيَت في الحَديثِ المَوصولِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ وأَبِى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -:\n\n٢٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرنا شُعَيبٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنا أبى وبَقيَّةُ، عن شُعَيبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قالَ: أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وأبو سلمةَ، أَنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان يُكَبِّرُ في كُلِّ صَلاةٍ مِنَ المَكتوبَةِ وغَيرِها، فيُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَركَعُ، ثم يقولُ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. ثم يقولُ: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ. قَبلَ أَن يَسجُدَ، ثم يقولُ: اللهُ أَكبَرُ. حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأْسَه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَسجُدُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأْسَه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ مِنَ الجُلوسِ في اثنَتَينِ، فيَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، ثم يقولُ حينَ يَنصَرِفُ: والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إِنِّى لأَقرَبُكُم شَبَهًا بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، إِن كانَت هَذِه لَصَلاتَه حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ ﵀: هذا الكَلامُ الأخيرُ يَحمِلُه مالكٌ والزُّبَيدِيُّ (^٢) وغَيرُهُما عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، ووافَقَ عبدُ الأعلَى عن مَعمَرٍ شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهريِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٥٥)، وأبو داود (٨٣٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"الزبيرى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤٨٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٨٣٦).","vol":"3","page":470},{"text":"قالَ الشيخُ ﵀: قَد أَخرَجَ البُخارِىُّ حَديثَ شُعَيبٍ عن أبي اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبٍ (^١)\nوَأمَّا حَدِيثُ عبدِ الأعلَى:\n\n٢٥٣٣ - فأخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ المُقْرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أَنَّهُما صَلَّيا خَلفَ أبي هريرةَ، فلَمّا رَكَعَ كَبَّرَ، فلَمّا رَفَعَ رأْسَه قالَ: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ. ثم سَجَدَ وكَبَّرَ، ثم رَفَعَ وكَبَّرَ، ثم كَبَّرَ حينَ قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ، ثم قالَ: ما زالَت هَذِه صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^٢).\n\n٢٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبي الحسينِ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبي العَلاءِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قالَ: صَلَّى مَعَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - بالبَصرَةِ، فقال عِمرانُ: ذَكَّرَنا هذا الرَّجُلُ صَلاةً كان يُصَلّيها بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما رَفَعَ وكُلَّما وضَعَ (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٠٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٥٨)، والدارمى (١٢٨٣ م)، والنسائي (١١٥٥) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٣٥٣٣) عن إسحاق بن شاهين به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٨٤).","vol":"3","page":471},{"text":"٢٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَر الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ وأبو سلمةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا هَمَّامٌ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، عن عكرِمَةَ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ شَيخٍ أَحْمَقَ بمَكَّةَ، فكَبَّرَ في صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ ثِنتَينِ وعِشرينَ تَكبيرَةً، فأَتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: إِنِّى صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ شَيخٍ أَحمَقَ، فكَبَّرَ في صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ ثِنتَينِ وعِشرينَ تَكبيرَةً. قالَ: ثَكِلَتكَ أُمُّكَ! تِلكَ صَلاةُ أبى القاسِمِ - ﷺ - (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ الحُسَينِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأصَمِّ قالَ: سأَلتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن التَّكبيرِ في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: يُكَبِّرُ إذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا سَجَدَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ، وإِذا سَجَدَ، وِإذا قامَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ. فقالَ له خُطَيمٌ: عَمَّن تَحفَظُ هَذا؟ فقالَ: عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ -. فقالَ له خُطَيمٌ: وعُثمانَ؟ قال: وعُثمانَ (^٤). هَذا هو الصَّوابُ بالخاءِ المُعجَمَةِ، وقيل: حُطَيمٌ بالحاءِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٦) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٨٨).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٣٦)، والنسائي (١١٧٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.","vol":"3","page":472},{"text":"٢٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ وأبو الفَضلِ العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهِيارَ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأصَمِّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أَنَسًا يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ - ﵃ - يُتِمّونَ التَّكبيرَ إذا رَفَعوا، وإِذا وضَعوا (^١).\nوهَذا وما قَبلَه أَولَى مِمّا:\n\n٢٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عِمرانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يُتِمُّ التَّكبيرَ. وفِي حَديثِ عمرٍو: عن ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أَبزَى، عن أَبيه، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وكانَ لا يُتِمُّ التَّكبيرَ (^٢). فقَد يَكونُ كَبَّرَ ولَم يُسمِعْ، وقَد يَكونُ تَرَكَ مَرَّةً ليُبَيِّنَ (^٣) الجَوازَ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٦٥) عن الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٢٠ من طريق عمرو بن مرزوق به. وأحمد (١٥٣٦٩) عن يحيى بن حماد به. وسيأتي في (٣٩١٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"لبيان\".","vol":"3","page":473},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-578>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ عندَ الرُّكوعِ وعِندَ رَفعِ الرّأْسِ مِنه</span>\n\n٢٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إِسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قراءةً وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إِملاءً قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ - ﵄ -، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَهُما كَذَلِكَ، وقالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". وكانَ لا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ. رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٤٠ - ورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ وزادَ فيه: وإِذا كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ. أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ وخالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٥٨). والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٠. ومالك ١/ ٧٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٦٧٤)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٣٣)، والنسائي (٨٧٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٥).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٨٤)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢٧٩) عن عبد الرحمن به. والدارمى (١٣٤٧) عن خالد بن مخلد به.","vol":"3","page":474},{"text":"٢٥٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزّازُ قالا: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أَبيه قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ، وبَعدَ ما يَرفَعُ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، ولا يَرفَعُ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وجَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ حَليمٍ (^٣) المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدَّثَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ بمَروَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ إِبراهيمَ البُنانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قالَ: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ. قالَ: وكانَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ حينَ يُكَبِّرُ لِلرُّكوعِ، ويَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، ويَقولُ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ولا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٠) - وعنه أبو داود (٧٢١) - والترمذي (٢٥٥)، والنسائي (١٠٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٨٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨٣) من طريق سفيان به. وليس عند النسائي ذكر السجود.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢١).\n(^٣) في س: \"حكيم\".\n(^٤) ينظر الحديث التالى.","vol":"3","page":475},{"text":"قالَ: وكانَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه كَذَلِكَ في الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ والتَّطَوُّعِ والعيدَينِ والجَنائزِ (^١).\n\n٢٥٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا به أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ، أخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، ولَم يَذكُرْ فِعلَ ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ قُهزاذَ عن سلمةَ بنِ سليمانَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِى أبو بِشْرٍ شُعَيبُ بنُ دينارٍ (^٤) أبى حَمزَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ - ﵄ - قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ التَّكبيرَ لِلصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ يُكَبِّرُ، حَتَّى يَجعَلَهُما حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم إذا كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم إذا قالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخاري في رفع اليدين (٨٧) عن ابن المبارك.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في رفع اليدين (١٧٦)، والنسائي (٨٧٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٣٦)، ومسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢٣).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"عن\" خطأ، فأبو حمزة كنية دينار والد شعيب. والمثبت على الصواب، كما في مصدر التخريج، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٥١٦.","vol":"3","page":476},{"text":"وقالَ: \"رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ولا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ حينَ يَسجُدُ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ لِلصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ، فإِذا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ولا يَفعَلُه حينَ يَرفَعُ رأْسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ رافِعٍ عن حُجَينٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٥). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في رفع اليدين (٨٦) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٨٥٨) من طريق ابن ملحان به. والبخاري في رفع اليدين (١٣٨) من طريق الليث به، وليس فيه ذكر السجود.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢٣).\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (٤٥٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٥١٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٩٠/ ٢٢).","vol":"3","page":477},{"text":"٢٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ السِّمَنانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ الجَهضَمِيُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وبَعدَ ما يَرفَعُ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، ورَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَيَّاشٍ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٢).\n\n٢٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا أَيُّوبُ، حدَّثَنا نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ -، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ وأَيّوبَ السَّخْتِيانِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ مُسنَدًا، واستَشهَدَ البُخارِيُّ بجَميعِ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٨) من طريق الإسماعيلي به. وأبو داود (٧٤١) عن نصر بن على به. والبخاري في رفع اليدين (١٠٣) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وليس عند المصنف: أبو الحسين السمناني.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٦٢) عن عفان به. والبخاري في رفع اليدين (١٠٦) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٧٣٩).\n(^٥) في س: \"الطوسي\".","vol":"3","page":478},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَزينٍ السُّلَمِيُّ أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه حينَ يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا استَوَى قائمًا مِن رُكوعِه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ويَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٢٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ الدِّينَوَرِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو بِشْرٍ إِسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ - وقالَ الدِّينَوَرِىُّ: إِسحاقُ بنُ أبى عِمرانَ الواسِطىُّ - حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قالَ: رأَيتُ مالِكَ بنَ الحوَيرِثِ إذا صَلَّى كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه، [وإِذا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه] (^٢)، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وحَدَّثَنا أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى هَكَذا (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٦٤).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٨٥) عن إسحاق بن أبي عمران به. وتقدم في (٢٣٤٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٣٧)، ومسلم (٣٩١/ ٢٤).","vol":"3","page":479},{"text":"خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ الهُجَيمِيُّ البَصرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ قالَ: أخبرَنا قَتادَةُ، عن نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ أنَّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في صَلاتِه إذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما فُروعَ أُذُنَيهِ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وزادَ رَفْعَ اليَدَينِ إذا كَبَّرَ (^١). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢). ورواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ وأبو عَوانَةَ وهَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى وهِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ وغَيرُهُم عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ ومَولًى لَهُم أَنَّهُما حَدَّثاه عن أَبيه وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ، أنَّه رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - حينَ دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ كَبَّرَ - قال أبو عثمانَ: وصَفَ هَمّامٌ حيالَ أُذُنَيه، يَعنِى رَفْعَ اليَدَينِ - ثم التَحَفَ بثَوبِه، ثم وضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على يَدِه اليُسرَى، فلَمَّا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ أَخرَجَ يَدَيه مِنَ الثَّوبِ ورَفَعَهُما فكَبَّرَ، فلَمَّا قالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الذهبي في سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ١٢٨ من طريق الصفار به. وتقدم في (٢٣٤٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩١/ ٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٣١)، والدارمى (١٢٨٦)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٢٥)، وأبو داود (٧٤٥)، والنسائي (٨٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. ومسلم (٣٩١/ ٢٥) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وأحمد (٢٠٥٣٧) من طريق همام به. وابن ماجه (٨٥٩) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"3","page":480},{"text":"رَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَمّا سَجَدَ سَجَدَ بَينَ كَفَّيهِ (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عَفّانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ (^٣) الضَّبِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ يَعنِى ابنَ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ الحَضرَمِيِّ قالَ: أَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: لأَنظُرَنَ كَيفَ يُصَلِّى؟ فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، وكَبَّرَ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم أَخَذَ شِمالَه بيَمينِه، فلَمّا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، فلَمّا رَكَعَ وضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه، فلَمَّا أَرادَ أَن يَرفَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، فلمَّا سَجَدَ وضَعَ يَدَيه مِن وجهِه ذَلِكَ المَوضِعَ، فلَمّا جَلَسَ افتَرَشَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، ووَضَعَ حَدَّ مِرفَقِه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، وعَقَدَ ثِنتَينِ وحَلَّقَ واحِدَةً وأَشارَ بالسَّبّابَةِ (^٤). ورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (^٥) وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٥٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٠١/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"عمرو\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥٠) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وسيأتي في (٢٧٣١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥٨)، والنسائي (١١٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩١) من طريق الثوري به. وسيأتي في (٢٧٣٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥٥)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٥٤) مختصرًا، وابن خزيمة (٦٩٧، ٦٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم عقب (٢٣٣٩).","vol":"3","page":481},{"text":"وأبو عَوانَةَ (^١) وغَيلانُ بنُ جامِعٍ (^٢) وأبو الأحوَصِ (^٣) وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ (^٤) وابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٥) وجَماعَةٌ عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، إِلا أَنَّ بَعضَهُم قالَ: حِذاءَ أُذُنَيه. ووافَقَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عبدَ الواحِدِ بنَ زيادٍ في المَنكِبَينِ.\n\n٢٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ البَصرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قالَ: حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيَّ في عَشَرَةٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ الحارِثُ بنُ رِبعِيٍّ، فقال أبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعديُّ: أَنا أَعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالوا: لِمَ؟! ما كُنتَ أكثَرَنا له تبَعًا ولا أَقدَمَنا له صُحبَةً. قالَ: بَلَى. قالوا: فاعرِضْ عَلَينا. قالَ: فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يَقِرَّ كُلُّ عُضوٍ مِنه في مَوضِعِه مُعتَدِلًا، ثم يَقرأُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ ويَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه، ثم يَركَعُ ويَضَعُ راحَتَيه على رُكبَتَيه، ثم يَعتَدِلُ ولا يَنصِبُ رأْسَه ولا يُقنِعُ (^٦)، ثم يَرفَعُ رأْسَه فيَقولُ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ثم يَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهما مَنكِبَيه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٢٣٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٣٧ (٨٨) من طريق غيلان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٩٦، ٢٢٣، ٢٣٠، ٢٥٩، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٣٤ (٨٠)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٥ من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٣٥٤، ٢٣٥٨). وسيأتي في (٢٨٢٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٣٣٨).\n(^٦) لا ينصب رأسه: لا يرفعه، ولا يقنعه: لا يرفعه حتى يكون أعلى من ظهره. النهاية ٤/ ١١٣، ٥/ ٦١. وينظر ما سيأتي في الحديث الآتى.","vol":"3","page":482},{"text":"حَتَّى يَعودَ كُلُّ عَظمٍ مِنه إلى مَوضِعِه مُعتَدِلًا، ثم يقولُ: \"اللَّهُ أَكبَرُ\". ثم يَهوِى إلى الأرضِ، فيُجافِى يَدَيه عن جَنبَيه، ثم يَرفَعُ رأْسَه فيَثنِى رِجلَه اليُسرَى، فيَقعُدُ عَلَيها ويَفتَحُ أَصابِعَ رِجلَيه إذا سَجَدَ، ثم يَعودُ، ثم يَرفَعُ فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُ أَكبَرُ\". ثم يَثنِى برِجلِه فيَقعُدُ عَلَيها مُعتَدِلًا حَتَّى يَرجِعَ أَو يَقِرَّ كُلُّ عَظمٍ مَوضِعِه مُعتَدِلًا، ثم يَصنَعُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم إذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ كَبَّرَ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه كما فعَلَ أَو كَبَّرَ عندَ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ، ثم يَصنَعُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ في بَقيَّةِ صَلاتِه، حَتَّى إذا كان في السَّجدَةِ الَّتِي فيها التَّسليمُ أَخَّرَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، وقَعَدَ مُتَوَرِّكًا على شِقِّه الأيسَرِ. فقالوا جَميعًا: صَدَقَ، هَكَذا كان يُصَلِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). وبِمَعناه رواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ (^٢) وأبو أُسامَةَ (^٣) وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ المَسمَعِيُّ (^٤) وغَيرُهُم عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ.\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ وأَصحابِه:\n\n٢٥٥٥ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا فُلَيحٌ، حدَّثَنى عَبّاسُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالَ: اجتَمَعَ محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ وأبو حُمَيدٍ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وسَهلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٣٧١٠) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٢٧٥٩، ٢٨٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٧٧) من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"3","page":483},{"text":"سَعدٍ، فذَكَروا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقال أبو حُمَيدٍ: أَنا أَعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قامَ فكَبَّرَ ورفَعَ يَدَيه، ثم رفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ، ثم رَكَعَ، ثم وضعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه كأَنَّه قابِضٌ عَلَيهِما، ووَتَّرَ (^١) يَدَيه فنَحَّاهُما عن جَنبَيه، ولَم يُصَبِّ رأْسَه (^٢) ولَم يُقْنِعْه، ثم رَفَعَ يَدَيه فاستَوَى قائمًا حَتَّى أَخَذَ كُلُّ عَظمٍ مَوضِعَه، ثم سَجَدَ وأَمكَنَ جَبهَتَه وأَنفَه، ونَحَّى يَدَيه عن جَنبَيه، ووَضَعَ كَفَّيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه حَتَّى فرَغَ، ثم جَلَسَ فافتَرَشَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، وأَقبَلَ بصَدرِ اليُمنَى على قِبلَتِه، ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُسرَى على رُكبَتِه اليُسرَى، ويَدَه اليُمنَى على رُكبَتِه اليُمنَى، وأَشارَ بإصبَعِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الزّاهِدُ إِملاءً مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه قال: قال أبو إِسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ أبى النُّعمانِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ، فرَفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وحينَ رَكَعَ، وحينَ رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ فرَفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وحينَ رَكَعَ، وحينَ رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُه عن ذَلِكَ فقال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ\n_________\n(^١) وتَّر يديه: أي عوجهما من التوتير، وهو جعل الوتر على القوس. عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٢) لم يصبِّ رأسه: أي: أنه لم يكن يخفضه كثيرا ولا يميله إلى الأرض، من صبا إلى الشيء يصبو إذا مال، وصبَّى رأسه تصبية، شدد للتكثير. وقيل: هو مهموز من: صبأ، إذا خرج من دين إلى دين. وقال الأزهري: الصواب: لا يصوب. ويروى: لا يَصُبُّ. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣، ١٠.\n(^٣) السراج في مسنده (١٠٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٨٩) عن محمد بن رافع به. والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٢٣)، والترمذي (٢٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٧١) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمرو به. وسيأتي في (٢٥٨٦، ٢٧٣٤، ٢٧٨٧، ٢٨١٣).","vol":"3","page":484},{"text":"أَيّوبَ السَّخْتِيانِيُّ فكانَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُه فقالَ: رأَيتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُه فقالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فكانَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُه فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، وقالَ أبو بكرٍ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكانَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^١). رواتُه ثِقاتٌ.\n\n٢٥٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو جَعفَرٍ الكيلينِيُّ (^٢) الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرزاقِ يقولُ: أَخَذَ أَهلُ مَكَّةَ الصَّلاةَ مِنَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وأَخَذَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ مِن عَطاءٍ، وأَخَذَ عَطاءٌ مِنَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وأَخَذَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ مِن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -، وأَخَذَ أبو بكرٍ مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٢٥٥٨ - قالَ سلمةُ: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وزادَ فيه: وأَخَذَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مِن جِبريلَ، وأَخَذَ جِبريلُ ﵇ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﵎.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الثعلبى في تفسيره ١٠/ ٣١٢ من طريق أبى إسماعيل السلمى به. وينظر ما سيأتي.\n(^٢) بكسر الكاف بعدها ياء. ينظر المشتبه ٢/ ٥٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٢٨٢) عن سلمة بن شبيب به.","vol":"3","page":485},{"text":"قال عبدُ الرزاقِ: فكانَ (^١) ابنُ جُرَيجٍ يَرفَعُ يَدَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى الأسَديّانِ بهَمَذانَ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ دِيزِيلَ الهَمَذانِيُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا الحَكَمُ قال: رأَيتُ طاوُسًا كَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه عندَ التَّكبيرِ، وعِندَ رُكوعِه، وعِندَ رَفعِه رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فسأَلتُ رجلًا مِن أَصحابِه فقالَ: إنَّه يُحَدِّثُ به عن ابنِ عمرَ عن عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٥). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ: فالحَديثانِ كِلاهُما مَحفوظانِ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وابنِ عمرَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦)، فإِنَّ ابنَ عمرَ رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فعَلَه، ورأَى أَباه فعَلَه ورواه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٢٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فقال\".\n(^٢) أحمد (٧٣) بنحوه. وأخرجه المروزي في مسند أبى بكر الصديق (١٣٧) من طريق عبد الرزاق بنحوه.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بهمدان\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الهمداني\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٦٤٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في الجامع لأخلاق الراوى وآداب السامع (١٠١)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (١٣١) من طريق آدم به. وعند البخاري مقتصرًا على حكاية فعل طاوس.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٣٣، ٥٠٣٤) من طريق شعبة به عن ابن عمر عن النبي - ﷺ -، وأما حديث ابن عمر عن عمر فقد تقدم في الرواية التي قبلها.","vol":"3","page":486},{"text":"أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ الهاشِمِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ويَصنَعُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ إذا قرأَ قراءتَه وأَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ، ويَصنَعُه إذا فرَغَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، ولا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في شَئٍ مِن صَلاتِه وهو قاعِدٌ، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ السَّجدَتَينِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه كَذَلِكَ وكَبَّرَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوّينا هذا الحديثَ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ (^٢) وجابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣) وأَبِى هريرةَ (^٤) وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٥) عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى البُخارِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدَّثَنا مَحمودُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ مَحمودٍ البُخارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِىُّ قالَ: وقَد رُوّينا عن سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ نَفسًا مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أَنَّهُم كانوا يَرفَعونَ أَيديَهُم عندَ الرُّكوعِ؛ فمِنهُم أبو قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، وأبو أُسَيدٍ السّاعِدِىُّ البَدرِىُّ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ البَدرِىُّ، وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىُّ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَبَّاسِ بنِ عبدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٨٤) عن بحر بن نصر به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٨٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٢٣٣٧). وينظر (٢٣٧٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣٠ م)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٦٣)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (١١٠)، وأبو داود (٧٣٨)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩٤). وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٣٤٩ - ٢٣٥٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في رفع اليدين (٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٦).","vol":"3","page":487},{"text":"المُطَّلِبِ الهاشِمِىُّ، وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ خادِمُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأبو هريرةَ الدَّوسِيُّ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوَّامِ القُرَشِىُّ، ووائلُ بنُ حُجرٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، ومالِكُ بنُ الحوَيرِثِ، وأبو موسَى الأشعَرِيُّ، وأبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ الأنصارِيُّ رَضِىَ اللهُ تعالَى عَنهُم (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّيناه عن هَؤُلاءِ وعَن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ (^٢)، وعُمَرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ (^٣)، وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ (^٤)، وجابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ (^٥)، وعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنيِّ (^٦)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جابِرٍ البَياضِيِّ ﵃ أجمَعينَ.\n\n٢٥٦١ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَرفَعونَ أيديَهُم إذا رَكَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعوا رُءوسَهُم مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، كأَنَّما أيدِيهم مَراوِحُ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) رفع اليدين في الصلاة (٩).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٥٥٦، ٢٥٥٧).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٥٣٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٢٥).\n(^٤) ينظر رفع اليدين في الصلاة (٢٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٤)، وشرح المعاني للطحاوى ١/ ٢٢٥، وفيهم: أنه يرفع يديه في تكبيرة الإحرام فقط.\n(^٥) رفع اليدين في الصلاة (٤٤، ١١٤).\n(^٦) المعجم الكبير للطبراني ١٧/ ٢٩٧ (٨١٩).\n(^٧) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٧٧٥) من طريق محمد بن المنهال به. والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٦٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٤٤) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"3","page":488},{"text":"٢٥٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأخرَمُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سليمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: هو شَئٌ يُزَيِّنُ به الرَّجُلُ صَلاتَه، كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَرفَعونَ أيديَهُم في الافتِتاحِ، وعِندَ الرُّكوعِ، وإِذا رَفَعوا رُءوسَهُم (^١).\nأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى البُخارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَحمودُ بنُ إسحاقَ البُخارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالَ: ويُروَى عن عِدَّةٍ (^٢) مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ وأَهلِ الحِجازِ وأَهلِ العِراقِ والشّامِ والبِصرَةِ واليَمَنِ، أنَّهُم كانوا يَرفَعونَ أيديَهُم عندَ الرُّكوعِ، ورَفعِ الرَّأْسِ مِنه؛ مِنهُم سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، وعَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، ومُجاهِدٌ، والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، وسالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ، وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، والنُّعمانُ بنُ أبى عيَّاشٍ، والحَسَنُ، وابنُ سيرينَ، وطاوُسٌ، ومَكحولٌ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ، ونافِعٌ، وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، والحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، وقَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ، وغَيرُهُم عِدَّةٌ كَثيرَةٌ (^٣).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّيناه عن أبي قِلابَةَ (^٤) وأَبِى الزُّبَيرِ (^٥)، ثم عن مالِكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في رفع اليدين (٨٢) من طريق عبد الملك به دون قوله: كان أصحاب رسول الله - ﷺ -. . .\n(^٢) في س: \"عدد\"، وفي م: \"عشرة\".\n(^٣) رفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٣)، وينظر (١٣٢).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٤٩)، ورفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٠٨).\n(^٥) ينظر المحلى ٤/ ١٢٢.","vol":"3","page":489},{"text":"أنَسٍ (^١)، والأوزاعِيِّ (^٢)، واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٣)، وابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤)، ثم عن الشافعيِّ (^٥)، ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٦)، وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ (^٧)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٨)، ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٩)، وأَحمَدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^١٠)، وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيِّ (^١١)، وعِدَّةٍ كَثيرَةٍ مِن أهلِ الآثارِ بالبُلدانِ رَحِمَهُم اللهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٢٥٦٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرَّازِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ أبى مَرحومٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ بنُ حاتِمٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن الأصبَغِ بنِ نُباتَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: لَمَّا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر سنن الترمذي عقب (٢٥٦)\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٥٧٤).\n(^٣) ينظر المحلى ٤/ ١٢٣.\n(^٤) ينظر رفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٩٦)، وسنن الترمذي عقب (٢٥٦)\n(^٥) الأم ١/ ١٠٤، ١٠٥.\n(^٦) ينظر رفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٩٧).\n(^٧) ينظر رفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٢٣، ١٩٧)\n(^٨) سيأتي تخريجه في (٢٥٧٣)\n(^٩) ينظر رفع اليدين في الصلاة (١٥، ١٣٢).\n(^١٠) ينظر مسائل الإمام أحمد رواية ابنه عبد الله (٣٢٠، ٣٢١)، ورواية ابنه صالح (٥٣٨، ٥٤٩)، ورواية ابن هانئ (٢٤٠).\n(^١١) ينظر كتاب المسائل عن إمام أهل الحديث أحمد بن حنبل وإسحاق بن راهويه رواية إسحاق بن منصور الكوسج (١٨٨).","vol":"3","page":490},{"text":"نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ (١) فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ١، ٢]. قالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - لِجِبريلَ: \"ما هَذِه النَّحيرَة الَّتِي أمَرَنِي بها رَبِّى ﷿؟ \". قالَ: إنَّها لَيسَت بنَحيرَةٍ، ولَكِنَّه يأْمُرُكَ إذا تَحَرَّمْتَ لِلصَّلاةِ أن تَرفَعَ يَدَيكَ إذا كَبَّرتَ، وإِذا رَكَعتَ، وإِذا رَفَعتَ رأْسَكَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، فإِنَّها صَلاتُنا وصَلاةُ المَلائكَةِ الَّذينَ في السَّمَواتِ السَّبعِ. قالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"رَفْعُ الأيدِى مِنَ الاستِكانَةِ الَّتِى قالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ﴾ (^١) [المؤمنون: ٧٦] \". وقَد رُوِى هذا، والاعتِمادُ على ما مَضَى وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-579>بابُ مَن لم يَذكُرِ الرَّفعَ إلا عندَ الافتِتاحِ</span>\n\n٢٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيهِ. قالَ سُفيانُ: ثم قَدِمْتُ الكوفَةَ فلَقِيتُ يَزيدَ، فسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا، وزادَ فيه: ثم لا يَعودُ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّهُم لَقَّنوه. قالَ سُفيانُ: هَكَذا سَمِعتُ يَزيدَ يُحَدِّثه، ثم سَمِعتُه بَعدُ يُحَدِّثُه هَكَذا، ويَزيدُ فيه: ثم لا يَعودُ. قالَ الشافعيُّ ﵀: وذَهَبَ سُفيانُ إلى أن يُغَلِّطَ يَزيدَ في هذا الحَديثِ، يقولُ: كأَنَّه لُقِّنَ هذا الحَرفَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٣٧، ٥٣٨. قال الذهبي: إسرائيل صاحب عجائب وأصبغ شيعى متروك عند النسائي. وقال الذهبي في المهذب ١/ ٥٢٤: الأصبغ متروك، وإسرائيل اتهمه ابن حبان، وهذا خبر منكر جدًّا. وقال ابن حجر: إسناده ضعيف جدًّا. التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"3","page":491},{"text":"فتَلَقَّنَه، [ولَم يَكُنْ سُفيانُ يرى يَزيدَ بالحِفظِ] (^١).\n\n٢٥٦٥ - كَذَلِكَ أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بِشْرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ بمَكَّةَ. فذكَرَ هذا الحديثَ، لَيسَ فيه: ثم لا يَعودُ. قالَ سُفيانُ: فلمَّا قَدِمتُ الكوفَةَ سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ به فيَقولُ فيه: ثم لا يَعودُ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّهُم لَقَّنوه. وقالَ لي أصحابُنا: إنَّ حِفظَه قَد تَغَيَّرَ، أو قالوا: قَد ساءَ (^٢). قالَ الحُمَيدِيُّ: قُلنا لِقائلِ هذا يَعنِى لِلمُحتَجِّ بهَذا: إنَّما رواه يَزيدُ، ويَزيدُ يَزيدُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدُوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ قالَ: سأَلتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ عن هذا الحَديثِ فقالَ: لا يَصِحُّ عنه هذا الحَديثُ (^٣). قال: وسَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعيني يُضَعِّفُ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى زيادٍ (^٤). قالَ أبو سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ: ومِمَّا يُحَقِّقُ قَولَ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ أنَّهُم لَقَّنوه هَذِه الكَلِمَةَ، أنَّ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيَّ وزُهَيرَ بنَ مُعاويَةَ وهُشَيمًا (^٥) وغَيرَهُم مِن أهلِ\n_________\n(^١) في د، م: \"ولم يكن يذكر سفيان يزيد بالحفظ\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٧٧٦). والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٧٨.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٧٢٤)، وعنه البخاري في رفع اليدين (٧٤).\n(^٣) معرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم ص ٨٠، ٨١.\n(^٤) معرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم ص ٨٠، ٨١، وابن معين في تاريخه (٢٥٠، ٨٧٨ - برواية الدارمي). ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٢٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٠٢)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٧٦)، وأبو داود (٧٥١) من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"3","page":492},{"text":"العِلمِ، لم يَجيئوا بها، إنَّما جاءَ بها مَن سمِع مِنه بأخَرَةٍ.\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يُؤَكِّدُ ما ذَهَبَ إليه هَؤُلاءِ ما:\n\n٢٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ قالا: حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ بمَكَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قالَ: رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ. قالَ سُفيانُ: فلَمّا قَدِمْتُ الكوفَةَ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ، ثم لا يَعودُ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّهُم لَقَّنوه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الدَّيرَعاقولِيُّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ بَشّارٍ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى هذا الحديثَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن أخيه عيسَى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ قالَ فيه: ثم لا يَعودُ (^٢). وقيل: عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٣٠. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٢٥: هذا حديث منكر جدًّا، وإبراهيم بن بشار له أوابد، هذا منها.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٢٤ من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد في العلل عقب (٧٠٨)، وسحنون في المدونة ١/ ٦٩، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٢٤ من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"3","page":493},{"text":"وقيل: عنه، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى (^١). ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِه (^٢)، وهو أسوأُ حالًا عندَ أهلِ المَعرِفَةِ بالحَديثِ مِن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ. فذكَر فصلًا في تَضعيفِ حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، ثم قالَ: ولَم يَروِ هذا عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى أحَدٌ أقوَى مِن يَزيدَ.\n\n٢٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وكيع، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ كُلَيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قالَ: قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: لأُصَلّيَنَّ بكُم صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ: فصَلَّى فلَم يَرفَعْ يَدَيه إلا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً (^٣).\n\n٢٥٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قالَ: قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: عَلَّمَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد في العلل عقب (٧٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٢) محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى أبو عبد الرحمن الكوفى الفقيه قاضى الكرفة، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٦٢، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٦٢٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٣١٠، قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٨٤: صدوق سيئ الحفظ جدًّا.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٨١)، وأبو داود (٧٤٨)، والترمذي (٢٥٧)، والنسائي (١٠٥٧) من طريق وكيع به. وقال الترمذي: حسن. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٦٨٣).","vol":"3","page":494},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ، فكَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَديْه، فلَمّا رَكَعَ طَبَّقَ يَديْه بَينَ رُكبَتَيهِ. قالَ: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ سَعدًا، فقالَ: صَدَقَ أخِى، قَد كُنّا نَفعَلُ هذا، ثم أُمِرنا بهَذا. يَعنِى الإمساكَ على الرُّكبَتَينِ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ: فإِن كان الحَديثُ على ما رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ فقَد يَكونُ عادَ لِرَفعِهِما فلَم يَحكِه، وإِن كان على ما رواه الثَّورِىُّ ففِى حَديثِ ابنِ إدريسَ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان في صَدرِ الإِسلامِ، كما كان التَّطبيقُ في صَدرِ الإِسلامِ، ثم سُنَّت بَعدَه السُّنَنُ، وشُرِّعَت بَعدَه الشَّرائعُ، حَفِظَها مَن حَفِظَها وأَدّاها، فوَجَبَ المَصيرُ إلَيها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِيُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٢)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ المُبارَكِ يقولُ: لم يَثبُتْ عِندِى حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَفَعَ يَديْه أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ثم لم يَرجِعْ. وقَد ثَبَتَ عِندِى حَديثُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ، ذكَره عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ومالِكٌ ومَعمَرٌ وابنُ أبي حَفصَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). قالَ: وأُراه واسِعًا. ثم قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - وهو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٧٤)، والبخاري في رفع اليدين (٧٢)، والنسائي (١٠٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٩٥) من طريق ابن إدريس به. وقال البخاري: هذا المحفوظ عند أهل النظر من حديث عبد الله بن مسعود. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٢٥: مجموع الطريقين عن عاصم يوضح أن ذلك كان في صدر الإسلام.\n(^٢) في س: \"سامويه\"، وفي م: \"شاسويه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٥٧٩) من طريق ابن المبارك وعبيد اللَّه ومعمر وابن أبي حفصة به. والخطيب =","vol":"3","page":495},{"text":"يَرفَعُ يَديْه في الصَّلاةِ؛ لِكَثرَةِ الأحاديثِ وجَودَةِ الأسانيدِ (^١).\n\n٢٥٧٠ - قالَ الشيخُ: ورواه محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ، فلَم يَرفَعوا أيديَهُم إلا عندَ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ الضَّريرُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى إسرائيلَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالَ: قال عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ: تَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ - وكانَ ضَعيفًا - عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ. وغَيرُ حَمّادٍ يَرويه عن إبراهيمَ مُرسَلًا عن عبدِ اللهِ مِن فِعلِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وهو الصَّوابُ (^٣).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبي سليمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُرسَلًا مَوقوفًا (^٤).\n\n٢٥٧١ - ورَوَى أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيُّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n= في تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٢٦٠ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٨٢). وأخرجه الترمذي عقب (٢٥٦) من طريق وهب دون قوله: وقد ثبت عندى.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٢٧٠، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٥، والمصنف في المعرفة (٧٨٣) من طريق إسحاق بن أبي إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٣٠٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"3","page":496},{"text":"عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في التَّكبيرَةِ الأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، ثم لا يَرفَعُ في شَئٍ مِنها. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَنَزِىُّ (^١)، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). قالَ عثمانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ: فهَذا قَد رُوِى مِن هذا الطَّريقِ الواهِى عن عَلِىٍّ (^٣). وقَد رَوَى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه رأَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَرفَعُهُما عندَ الرُّكوعِ، وبَعدَ ما يَرفَعُ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^٤). فلَيسَ الظَّنُّ بعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه يَختارُ فِعلَه على فِعلِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. ولَكِن لَيسَ أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيُّ مِمَّن يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِه، أو تَثبُتُ به سُنَّةٌ لم يأْتِ بها غَيرُه (^٥).\nقالَ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ: قالَ الشافعيُّ في القَديمِ: ولا يَثبُتُ عن عليٍّ وابنِ مَسعودٍ. يَعنِى ما رَوَوه عَنهُما مِن أنَّهُما كانا لا يَرفَعانِ أيديَهُما في شَئٍ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ إلا في تكبيرَةِ الافتِتاحِ. قالَ الشافعيُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما رواه عاصِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"العنبرى\" خطأ. وهو أبو الحسن أحمد بن محمد بن عبدوس العنزى النيسابورى الطرائفى، ارتحل إلى عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي فأكثر عنه، وحدث عنه الحاكم وقال: كان صدوقًا. السير ١٥/ ٥١٩، ٥٢٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٧٩). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٨٢٥) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٤)، وأحمد في العلل (٧١٧) من طريق أبى بكر النهشلى به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٢٦: بل طريقه جيد.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٦٠).\n(^٥) أبو بكر النهشلي، اختلف في اسمه، فقيل: اسمه عبد اللَّه بن قطاف، وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣٣٤، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٤٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٥٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٠١: صدوق رمى بالإرجاء. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٢٦: قد روى له مسلم والنسائي، ويجوز أن عليًّا ﵇ يترك رفعهما لبيان الجواز.","vol":"3","page":497},{"text":"كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَلِىٍّ. فأَخَذَ به، وتَرَكَ ما رَوَى عاصِمٌ، عن أبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - رَفَعَ يَدَيه (^١). كما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ (^٢)، ولَو كان هذا ثابِتًا عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ كان يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ رآهُما مَرَّةً أغْفَلا فيه رَفْعَ اليَدَينِ، ولَو قالَ قائلٌ: ذَهَبَ عَنهُما حِفظُ ذَلِكَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - وحَفِظَه ابنُ عمرَ لَكانَت له الحُجَّةُ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن حُصينٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وعُثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قالَ: دَخَلنا على إبراهيمَ فحَدَّثَه عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: صَلَّينا في مَسجِدِ الحَضرَميِّينَ، فحَدَّثَنِى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَفَعَ يَدَيه حينَ يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ. فقالَ إبراهيمُ: ما أرَى أباه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلا ذاكَ اليَومَ الواحِدَ، فحَفِظَ ذَلِكَ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ لم يَحفَظْ ذَلِكَ مِنه. ثم قالَ إبراهيمُ: إنَّما رَفعُ اليَدَينِ عندَ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ جَريرٌ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٣٥، ٢٣٤٣).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٧٨٣) عن الشافعي.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٩١. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ١٢ (٨) عن محمد بن النفر به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٢٤ من طريق حصين به.","vol":"3","page":498},{"text":"قالَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ: هَذِه عِلَّةٌ لا تَسوَى سَماعَها (^١)؛ لأَنَّ رَفعَ اليَدَينِ قَد صَحَّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، ثم عن الخُلَفاءِ الرّاشِدينَ، ثم عن الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ، ولَيسَ في نِسيانِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ رَفعَ اليَدَينِ ما يوجِبُ أنَّ هَؤُلاءِ الصَّحابَةَ - ﵃ - لم يَرَوُا النبيَّ - ﷺ - رَفَعَ يَدَيه؛ قَد نَسِىَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ ما لم يَختَلِفِ المُسلِمونَ فيه بَعدُ، وهِىَ المُعَوِّذَتانِ، ونَسِىَ ما اتَّفَقَ العُلَماءُ كُلُّهُم على نَسخِه وتَركِه مِنَ التَّطبيقِ، ونَسِىَ كَيفيَّةَ قيامِ اثنَينِ خَلفَ الإمامِ، ونَسِىَ ما لم يَختَلِفِ العُلَماءُ فيه أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الصُّبحَ يَومَ النَّحرِ في وقتِها، ونَسِىَ كَيفيَّةَ جَمْعِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ، ونَسِىَ ما لم يَختَلِفِ العُلَماءُ فيه مِن وضعِ المِرفَقِ والسّاعِدِ على الأرضِ في السُّجودِ، ونَسِىَ كَيفَ كان يَقرأُ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى﴾ [الليل: ٣]. وإِذا جازَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ أن يَنسَى مِثلَ هذا في الصَّلاةِ خاصَّةً، كَيفَ لا يَجوزُ مِثلُه في رَفعِ اليَدَينِ؟!\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ قالَ: قُلتُ لِلشّافِعِىِّ: ما مَعنَى رَفعِ اليَدَينِ عندَ الرُّكوعِ؟ فقالَ: مِثلُ مَعنَى رَفعِهِما عندَ الافتِتاحِ، تَعظيمًا للَّهِ، وسُنَّةً مُتَّبَعَةً يُرجَى فيها ثوابُ اللَّهِ ﷿، ومِثلُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ على الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وغَيرِهِما (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) في التاج ٣٨/ ٢٣٩ (س وى): ولا يسوى، كيرضى، لغة قليلة أنكرها أبو عبيدة وحكاها غيره، وفى المصباح: وفى لغة قليلة: سَوِى درهما يسواه. اهـ. وينظر المصباح المنير ص ١١٢ (س وى).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٢٠١.","vol":"3","page":499},{"text":"٢٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بن حَليمٍ الصّائغُ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الخَطّابِ السُّلَمِيُّ وكانَ رجلًا صالِحًا قالَ: أخبرَنِي عليُّ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ قال: صَلَّيتُ في مَسجِدِ الكوفَةِ، فإِذا أبو حَنيفَةَ قائمٌ يُصَلِّى، وابنُ المُبارَكِ إلى جَنبِه يُصَلِّى، فإِذا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه كُلَّما رَكَعَ وكُلَّما رَفَعَ، وأبو حَنيفَةَ لا يَرفَعُ، فلمَّا فرَغوا مِنَ الصَّلاةِ قالَ أبو حَنيفَةَ لِعَبدِ الله: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، رأَيتُكَ تُكثِرُ رَفعَ اليَدَينِ، أرَدتَ أن تَطيرَ؟! فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ: يا أبا حَنيفَةَ قَد رأَيتُكَ تَرفَعُ يَدَيكَ حينَ افتَتَحتَ الصَّلاةَ، فأَرَدتَ أن تَطيرَ؟! فسَكَتَ أبو حَنيفَةَ. قالَ وكيعٌ: فما رأَيتُ جَوابًا أحضَرَ مِن جَوابِ عبدِ اللهِ لأبِى حَنيفَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رُمَيحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَروَزِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ الشّاذَكونِيُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: اجتَمَعَ الأوزاعِىُّ والثَّورِيُّ بمِنًى، فقالَ الأوزاعِىُّ لِلثَّورِيِّ: لِمَ لا تَرفَعُ يَدَيكَ في خَفْضِ الرُّكوعِ ورَفعِهِ؟ فقالَ الثَّورِىُّ: حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ. فقالَ الأوزاعِيُّ: أروِى لَكَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وتُعارِضُنِى بيَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، ويَزيدُ رجلٌ ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ، وحَديثُه مُخالِفٌ لِلسُّنَّةِ؟! قالَ: فاحمارَّ وجهُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في السنة (٥١٨)، وابن حبان في الثقات ٨/ ٤٥ من طريق وكيع بنحوه. وذكره البخاري في رفع اليدين (١٠٠) عن ابن المبارك.","vol":"3","page":500},{"text":"الأوزاعِىُّ: كأَنَّكَ كَرِهْتَ ما قُلتُ؟ قالَ الثَّورِىُّ: نَعَم. قالَ الأوزاعِىُّ: قُمْ بنا إلى المَقامِ نَلتَعِنُ أيُّنا على الحَقِّ. قالَ: فتَبَسَّمَ الثَّورِىُّ لمَّا رأَى الأوزاعِيَّ قَدِ احتَدَّ.\n\n٢٥٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ البَرذَعِىُّ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمْدُويَه الإِشْتِيخَنِيُّ (^١)، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ. فذكَر الحديثَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ المَروَزِيِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-580>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في رَفعِ اليَدَينِ كُلَّما كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ دَاسَةَ قالَ: حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُصَفَّى الحِمصِيُّ، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تَكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ وهُما كَذَلِكَ فيَركَعُ، ثم إذا أرادَ أن يَرفَعَ صُلبَه رَفَعَهُما حَتَّى تَكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثم قالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ولا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في السُّجودِ، ويَرفَعُهُما في كُلِّ تَكبيرَةٍ يُكَبِّرُها قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ صَلاتُه (^٢). الزُّبَيدِيُّ هذا اسمُه محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ عامِرٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-581>بابُ ما رُوِى في التَّطبيقِ في الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الاستخينى\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٢٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٦٣).","vol":"3","page":501},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ قالا: أتَينا عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ في دارِه قالَ: صَلَّى هَؤُلاءِ خَلفَكُم؟ قُلنا: لا. فقال: قوموا فصَلُّوا. فلَم يأْمُرْنا بأَذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، فذَهَبنا لِنَقومَ خَلفَه، فأَخَذَ بأَيدينا فجَعَلَ أحَدَنا عن يَمينِه والآخَرَ عن شِمالِه، فلَمّا رَكَعنا وضَعنا أيديَنا على رُكَبِنا، فضَرَبَ أيديَنا وطَبَّقَ كَفَّيه، ثم أدخَلَهُما بَينَ فخِذَيه، فلَمَّا صَلَّينا قالَ: إنَّه سَيَكونُ عَلَيكُم أُمَراءُ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن مَواقيتِها، ويَخنُقونَها إلى شَرَقِ المَوتَى - يَعنِى آخِرَ الوَقتِ - فإِذا رأَيتُموهُم قَد فعَلوا ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا الصَّلاةَ لِوَقْتِها، واجعَلوا صَلاتَكُم مَعَهُم سُبْحَةً، وإِذا كُنتُم ثَلاثَةً فصَلُّوا جَميعًا، وإِذا كُنتُم أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فليَتَقَدَّمْكُم أحَدُكُم، فإِذا رَكَعَ أحَدُكُم فليَفرِشْ ذِراعَيه على فخِذَيهِ. ثم طَبَّقَ (^١) بَينَ كَفَّيه، وأَرانا قالَ: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى اختِلافِ أصابِعِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ أبو مُعاويَةَ: هذا قَد تُرِكَ (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-582>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في وضعِ الرَّاحَتَينِ على الرُّكبَتَينِ ونَسخِ التَّطبيقِ</span>\n\n٢٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبَّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ليطبق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٨٨)، وأبو داود (٨٦٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا. والنسائي (٧١٨) من طريق الأعمش به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٣٤/ ٢٦).","vol":"3","page":502},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن أبي يَعفورٍ (^١) قال: سَمِعتُ مُصعَبَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ أبى، فطَبَّقْتُ بَينَ كَفَّيَّ، ثم وضَعتُهُما بَينَ فخِذَيَّ، فنَهانِي أبى عن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: كُنّا نَفعَلُ هذا فنُهينا عنه، وأُمِرنا أن نَضَعَ أيديَنا على الرُّكَبِ (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٧٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي يَعفورٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ سَعدٍ فطَبَّقتُ بيَدَىَّ فجَعَلتُهُما بَينَ رُكبَتَىَّ، فضرَبَ بيَدَىَّ. قال: ثم صَلَّيتُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى إلى جَنبِه فطَبَّقتُ بيَدَيَّ فجَعَلتُهُما بَينَ رُكبَتَىَّ. قالَ: فضرَبَ بيَدَىَّ وقال: يا بُنَيَّ، إنّا كُنّا نَفعَلُ هذا فأُمِرنا أن نَضرِبَ بالأكُفِّ على الرُّكَبِ (^٤). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، وزادَ: إنّا نُهينا عن هذا، وأُمِرنا أن نَضرِبَ بالأكُفِّ على الرُّكَبِ. وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يعقوب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٥٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٨٢) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأبو داود (٨٦٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٥٩)، والنسائي (١٠٣١) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٣٥/ ٢٩).","vol":"3","page":503},{"text":"٢٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ يَعنى ابنَ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ قالَ: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى إلى جَنبِ أبى، فلَمّا رَكَعتُ قُلتُ كَذا. وطَبَّقَ يَدَيه بَينَ رِجلَيه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قالَ: كُنّا نَفعَلُ هذا، ثم أُمِرنا أن نَرفَعَ إلى الرُّكَبِ (^١).\n\n٢٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ قالَ: أقبَلَ عُمَرُ فقال: أيُّها النّاسُ سُنَّت لَكُمُ الرُّكَبُ، فأَمسِكوا بالرُّكَبِ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قالَ: كُنّا إذا رَكَعنا جَعَلنا أيديَنا بَينَ أفخاذِنا، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الأخذَ بالرُّكَبِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٩٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (١٥٧٠)، ومسلم (٥٣٥/ ٣١)، والنسائي (١٠٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٧٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٨٣) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٥٨) من طريق أبى حصين بنحوه، وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٣٥) من طريق أبى حصين به.","vol":"3","page":504},{"text":"٢٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ (^١) أبى سَبرَةَ الجُعفِىِّ قالَ: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فجَعَلتُ أُطَبِّقُ كما يُطَبِّقُ أصحابُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَركَعُ، قالَ: فقالَ رجلٌ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، ما يَحمِلُكَ على هَذا؟ قُلتُ: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يَفعَلُه، وذكَر أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُه. قالَ: صَدَقَ عبدُ اللَّهِ، ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ربما صَنَعَ الأمرَ، ثم أحدَثَ اللَّهُ له الأمرَ الآخَرَ، فانظُرْ ما اجتَمَعَ عليه المُسلِمونَ فاصنَعْه. قالَ: فلَمّا قَدِمَ كان لا يُطَبِّقُ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وهذا الذي صارَ الأمرُ إلَيه مَوجودٌ في حَديثِ أبى حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىِّ وغَيرِه في صِفَةِ رُكوعِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وفِي ذَلِكَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ أهلَ المَدينَةِ أعرَفُ بالنّاسِخِ والمَنسوخِ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-583>بابُ صِفَةِ الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو (^٣) بنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ: فذَكَرْنا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٦٢ من طريق خيثمة به.\n(^٣) في س: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٠٤.","vol":"3","page":505},{"text":"فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ: أنا كُنتُ أحفَظَكُم لِصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ رأَيتُه إذا كَبَّرَ جَعَلَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ أمكَنَ يَدَيْه مِن رُكبَتَيه، ثم هَصَرَ ظَهرَه (^١). وَذكَر الحديثَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٨٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو العامِرِيِّ قالَ: كُنتُ في مَجلِسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فتَذاكَرُوا صَلاتَه، فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ. فذكَر بَعضَ هذا الحَديثِ، وقالَ: إذا رَكَعَ أمكَنَ كَفَّيه مِن رُكبَتَيه، وفَرَّجَ بَينَ أصابِعِه، ثم هَصَرَ ظَهرَه غَيرَ مُقنِعٍ رأسَه ولا صافِحٍ (^٤) بخَدِّهِ (^٥).\n\n٢٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِى فُلَيحٌ، حدَّثَنى عَبَّاسُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالَ: اجتَمَعَ أبو حُمَيدٍ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، فذَكَرُوا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أعلَمُكُم\n_________\n(^١) هصر ظهره: ثنى ظهره وخفضه. معالم السنن ١/ ١٩٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩)، والمعرفة (٨٧٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٦٩) من طريق ابن بكير به. وأبو داود (٧٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٣) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (٢٨٠٩). وتقدم في (٢٥٥٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٢٨).\n(^٤) صافح بخده: أي غير مبرز صفحة خده مائلا في أحد الشقين. معالم السنن ١/ ١٩٥.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٧٣١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٧١) دون قوله: \"ولا صافح بخده\".","vol":"3","page":506},{"text":"بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، قالَ: ثم رَكَعَ فوَضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه كأَنَّه قابِضٌ عَلَيهِما، ووَتَّرَ يَدَيه فجافَى عن جَنبَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ لم يُشخِصْ رأسَه ولَم يُصَوِّبْه، ولكن بَينَ ذَلِكَ. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي سُفيانَ السَّعْدِىِّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ أُراه رَفَعَه - شَكَّ أبو مُعاويَةَ - قالَ: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الطُّهورُ، وتَحريمُها التَّكبيرُ، وتَحليلُها التَّسليمُ، وفِي كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ تَسليمَةٌ، ولا صَلاةَ لا يُقرأ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وغَيرِها، فريضَةً أو غَيرَ فريضَةٍ، وإِذا رَكَعَ أحَدُكُم فلا يُدبِّحْ تَدبِيحَ الحِمارِ (^٤) وليُقِمْ صُلبَه، وإِذا سَجَدَ فليَمُدَّ صُلبَه، فإِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٧٦٩، ٨٥٤)، وأبو داود (٧٣٤، ٩٦٧). وتقدم في (٢٥٥٥)، وسيأتي في (٢٧٣٤، ٢٧٨٧، ٢٨١٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٩١)، وسيأتي في (٢٧٤١، ٢٧٤٢، ٢٧٨٥، ٢٨٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٩٨/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٤) هو أن يطأطئ رأسه في الركوع حتى يكون أخفض من ظهره. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٢٧٤، والفائق في غريب الحديث ١/ ٤٠٧، ٤٠٨.","vol":"3","page":507},{"text":"الإِنسانَ يَسجُدُ على سَبعَةِ أعظُمٍ: جَبهَتِه وكَفَّيه ورُكبَتَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه، وإِذا جَلَسَ فليَنصِبْ رِجلَه اليُمنَى وليَخفِضْ رِجلَه اليُسرَى\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-584>بابُ القَولِ في الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن المُستَورِدِ بنِ الأحنَفِ، عن صِلَةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ، فاستَفَتَح بسورَةِ البَقَرَةِ فقُلتُ: يَقرأُ مِائَةَ آيَةٍ ثم يَركَعُ. فمَضَى، فقُلتُ: يَختِمُها ثم يَركَعُ. فمَضَى حَتَّى قرأَ سورَةَ \"النِّساءِ\" و\"آلِ عِمرانَ\"، ثم رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه فيَقولُ: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العَظيمِ، سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العَظيمِ\". ثم رَفَعَ رأسه فقالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". فأَطالَ القيامَ، ثم سَجَدَ فأَطالَ السُّجودَ يقولُ في سُجودِه: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ الأعلَى\". لا يَمُرُّ بآيَةٍ فيها تَخويفٌ وتَعظيمٌ إلا ذَكَرَه (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا. والترمذي (٢٣٨) من طريق أبى سفيان به مختصرًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٠: أبو سفيان اسمه طريف، تركوه. وسيأتي في (٤٠٢٨، ٤٠٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٦٠٩) من طريق إسحاق به. وأحمد (٢٣٢٦١، ٢٣٣٦٧)، وأبو داود (٨٧١)، والترمذي (٢٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٢، ٦٠٣) من طريق الأعمش مختصرًا ومطولًا، وسيأتي في (٣٧٣٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٧٢/ ٢٠٣).","vol":"3","page":508},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ أيّوبَ الغافِقِيُّ، عن عَمِّه إياسِ بنِ عامِرٍ الغافِقِيِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قالَ: لَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [الحاقة: ٥٢]. قالَ: لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلوهما في رُكوعِكُم\". فلَمَّا نَزَلَت: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ [الأعلى: ١]. قالَ لَنا: \"اجعَلوها في سُجودِكُم\" (^١).\n\n٢٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى أو موسَى بنِ أيُّوبَ، عن رجلٍ مِن قَومِه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ بمَعناه، زادَ قالَ: فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا رَكَعَ قالَ: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ العَظيمِ وبِحَمدِه\". ثَلاثًا، وإِذا سَجَدَ قالَ: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ الأعلَى وبِحَمدِه\". ثَلاثًا. قالَ أبو داودَ: وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ نَخافُ ألا تَكونَ مَحفوظَةً (^٢).\n\n٢٥٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا سَعِيدُ الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن السَّعدِيِّ، عن أبيه أو عَمِّه قالَ: رَمَقْتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - في صَلاتِه، فكانَ يَتَمَكَّنَ في رُكوعِه وسُجودِه قَدرَ ما يَقولَ: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ وبِحَمدِه\". ثَلاثًا (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٠٠) من طريق المقرئ به. وأبو داود (٨٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٧) من طريق موسى بن أيوب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (١٨٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٧٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٨٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٨٥). وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣١: السعدى وشيخه مجهولان.","vol":"3","page":509},{"text":"٢٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عَونٍ رَفَعَه إلى عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رَكَعَ أحَدُكُم فقالَ: سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العَظيمِ. ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ فقَد تَمَّ رُكوعُه، وذَلِكَ أدناه، وإِذا سَجَدَ فقالَ: سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى. يَعنِى ثَلاثًا، فقَد تَمَّ سُجودُه، وذَلِكَ أدناه\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ؛ عَونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ لم يُدرِكْ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ.\n\n٢٥٩٤ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الموسَوِيُّ بمَكَّةَ حَرَسَها اللهُ تعالَى، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيسُ بنُ مَرحومٍ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قالَ: جاءَتِ الحَطّابَةُ (^٢) فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لا نَزالُ سَفْرًا (^٣) أبَدًا، فكَيفَ نَصنَعُ بالصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ - ﷺ -: \"سبِّحوا ثَلاثَ تَسبيحاتٍ رُكوعًا، وثَلاثَ تَسبيحاتٍ سُجودًا\" (^٤). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٨٦)، والترمذي (٢٦١)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به، وقال الترمذي: ليس إسناده بمتصل، عون بن عبد الله لم يلق ابن مسعود. وسيأتي في (٢٧٢٩).\n(^٢) الحطابة: الذين يجمعون الحطب فيبيعونه. اللسان ١/ ٣٢٢ (ح ط ب).\n(^٣) سفر: جمع مسافر، والسفر والمسافرون بمعنى. النهاية ٢/ ٣٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٧٧) عن حاتم به. والشافعي في مسنده (٢٤٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٨٩٤) من طريق جعفر به.","vol":"3","page":510},{"text":"يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفامِيُّ (^١) وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحسينِ المُقرِئُ (^٢) في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُكثِرُ أن يَقولَ في رُكوعِه: \"سُبحانَكَ وبِحَمدِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لِى\". يَتأَوَّلُ القُرآنَ (^٣).\n\n٢٥٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، [حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ] (^٤)، حدَّثَنا مَنصورٌ. فذكَره وقالَ: \"سُبحانَكَ رَبَّنا وبحَمدِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِى\". يَتأَوَّلُ القُرآنَ (^٥). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"القاضي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٢) منصور بن الحسين بن محمد بن أحمد أبو نصر المقرئ المفسر، سمع من أبي العباس الأصم، وكاد أن ينفرد به، قال عبد الغافر: معروف مشهور، عمر دهرًا طويلًا، توفي سنة (٤٢٢ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٤٨١)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٤١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٦٧) عن عبد الرحمن به. والنسائي (١١٢٢)، وابن خزيمة عقب (٦٠٥) من طريق سفيان به. والبخاري (٧٩٤، ٤٢٩٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٢٩) من طريق منصور به. وسيأتي في (٢٧٢٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٢٣) عن يحيى به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٨١٧)، ومسلم (٤٨٤/ ٢١٧).","vol":"3","page":511},{"text":"٢٥٩٧ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّلِيطِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائشَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ في رُكوعِه وسُجودِه: \"سُبّوحٌ قُدّوسٌ رَبُّ المَلائكَةِ والرّوحِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٥٩٨ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا الماجِشونُ بنُ أبي سَلَمةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ. وذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: وإِذا رَكَعَ قالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسْلَمْتُ، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمعِي وبَصَرِي وعِظامِي - أظُنُّه قال - ومُخِّي وعَصَبِي\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٤).\n\n٢٥٩٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمد بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٠٦)، والنسائي (١١٣٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٩) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وأبو داود (٨٧٢) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٨٧/ ٢٢٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٧٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٧١/ ٢٠٢).","vol":"3","page":512},{"text":"حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا ابتَدأَ الصَّلاةَ المَكتوبَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه قال: وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسلَمتُ، أنتَ رَبِّى، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمعِي وبَصَرِي ومُخِّي وعَظمِي، وما استقَلَّت به قَدَمِي للهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-585>بابُ النَّهىِ عن قراءةِ القُرآنِ في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قالَ: حدَّثنى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، أنَّ أباه حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: نَهانِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أقرأَ راكِعًا أو ساجِدًا (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١١١٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٩٢٤)، وأبو داود (٤٠٤٥)، والترمذي (١٧٣٧) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٤٢٦٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢٠٩).","vol":"3","page":513},{"text":"٢٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ وهارونُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، عن لُبسِ القَسِّيِّ والمُعَصفَرِ، وعَنِ تَخَتُمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعَنِ القراءةِ في الرُّكوعِ (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ (^٣) والوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٤) ويَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن أبيه عن عليٍّ (^٥)، ورواه الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، وَفِى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ، عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عَلِىٍّ (^٦). ورواه محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٨١٢)، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٣٤٧)، الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (١٧٠)، ومالك ١/ ٨٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٤٣)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٦٩، وأبو داود (٤٠٤٤)، والترمذي (٢٦٤)، والنسائي (١٠٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١٣، ٢٠٧٨/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١١) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١٠) من طريق الوليد بن كثير به.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١٣) من طريق يزيد وأسامة ومحمد بن عمرو وابن إسحاق به.\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١٣) من طريق الضحاك وابن عجلان به، وفى (٤٨٠/ ٢١٢) من طريق داود به.","vol":"3","page":514},{"text":"حُنَينٍ، عن عَلِىٍّ (^١). ورواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٢٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ سُحَيمٍ مَولَى آلِ عباسٍ قال: أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كَشَفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - السِّتارَةَ والنّاسُ صُفوفٌ خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ فقال: \"إنَّه لم يَبقَ مِن مُبَشِّراتِ النُّبوَّةِ إلا الرُّؤيا الصّالِحَةُ يَراها المُسلِمُ أو تُرَى له، ألا إنِّي نُهيتُ أن أقرأَ راكِعًا أو ساجِدًا، فأَمّا الرُّكوعُ فعَظِّموا فيه الرَّبَّ، وأَمّا السُّجودُ فاجتَهِدوا مِنَ الدُّعاءِ، فقَمنٌ (^٣) أن يُستَجابَ لَكُم\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n٢٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨٠/ عقب ٢١٣) من طريق ابن المنكدر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٤٨١/ ٢١٤) من طريق أبى بكر ابن حفص به.\n(^٣) قَمِن: بفتح القاف وفتح الميم وكسرها، لغتان مشهورتان، وفيه لغة ثالثة قمين بزيادة ياء وفتح القاف وكسر الميم: ومعناه حقيق وجدير. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٤/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨.\n(^٤) الحميدى (٤٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٠)، وأبو داود (٨٧٦)، والنسائي (١٠٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٦) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٢٧٢٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٧٩/ ٢٠٧).","vol":"3","page":515},{"text":"الطَّويلِ، عن الحسنِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - قالَ: كُنّا نُسَبِّحُ رُكوعًا وسُجودًا، ونَدعو قيامًا وقُعودًا (^١).\n\n٢٦٠٤ - قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا مُعاذٌ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحسنِ قال: سُئلَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن القراءةِ في الرُّكوعِ، فقالَ: كُنّا نَجعَلُ الرُّكوعَ تَسبيحًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-586>بابُ الطُّمأنينَةِ في الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ الجُشَمِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في قِصَّةِ الدّاخِلِ الذي لم يُحسِنِ الصَّلاةَ، حَتَّى عَلَّمَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقال فيما عَلَّمَه: \"ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا\" (^٢). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٣).\n\n٢٦٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سلَّامٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: قال: رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ صُلبَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٣٣) من طريق حميد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعف أبي داود (١٧٩).\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٦٥٧٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٢٩٠، ٢٣٩٥، ٢٥١٠). وسيأتي في (٢٧٩٢، ٣٩٩٩).","vol":"3","page":516},{"text":"في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٦٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ (^٢) المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ مِن أصلِ سَماعِهِما قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ [القاضِى، حدَّثَنا] (^٣) إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةُ رجلٍ لا يُقيمُ فيها صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\" (^٤). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وكَذَلِكَ رواه عامَّةُ أصحابِ الأعمَشِ عن الأعمَشِ.\n\n٢٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ فيها صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\". تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٠٣)، والترمذي (٢٦٥)، والنسائي (١٠٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٨٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٦٦)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٢) من طريق الأعمش به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (٢٧٦٥).\n(^٢) كذا في س، م، وأشار في حاشية م أنه وقع في نسخة: \"حدثنا القاضي\". وهو الصواب. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٢٥، وسيأتى على الصواب في (٦٦١٤، ١١٢٢٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٦٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخترى في مجموع مصنفاته (٥)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ١٥٦. قال الدورى =","vol":"3","page":517},{"text":"٢٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبَةُ بنُ الأحنَفِ الأوزاعِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو سَلامٍ الأسوَدُ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ الأشعَرِيُّ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الأشعَرِيِّ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بأَصحابِه ثم جَلَسَ في طائفَةٍ مِنهُم، فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فقامَ يُصَلِّى، فجَعَلَ لا يَركَعُ ويَنقُرُ في سُجودِه، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنظُرُ إلَيه، فقال: \"تَرَونَ هذا، لَو ماتَ هذا (^١) ماتَ على غَيرِ مِلَّةِ محمدٍ، يَنقُرُ صَلاتَه كما يَنقُرُ الغُرابُ الدَّمَ، إنَّما مَثلُ الذي يُصَلِّى ولا يَركَعُ ويَنقُرُ في سُجودِه كالجائعِ لا يأكُلُ إلا تَمرَةً أو تَمرَتَينِ، ماذا يُغنيانِ عَنهُ؟ فأَسبِغوا الوُضوءَ، ويلٌ لِلأعقابِ مِنَ النّارِ، وأَتِمّوا الرُّكُوع والسُّجودَ\". قال أبو صالِحٍ: فقُلتُ لأبِى عبدِ اللهِ الأشعَرِيِّ: مَن حدَّثَكَ بهَذا الحديثِ؟ قالَ: أُمَراءُ الأجنادِ؛ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، وعَمرُو بنُ العاصِ، وشُرَحبيلُ ابنُ حَسَنَةَ، ويَزيدُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ كُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ سَمِعَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-587>بابُ إدراكِ الإمامِ في الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ العَلَّافُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ (ح)\n_________\n= عقب الحديث: لم يروه غير يحيى، وهو حديث غريب جدًّا.\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٦٦٥) من طريق صفوان به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٥٥) من طريق الوليد به مختصرًا. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٤: شيبة روى عنه أيضًا محمد بن شعيب، ما علمت به بأسًا، وهذا حديث حسن الإسناد غريب.","vol":"3","page":518},{"text":"وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أبى سليمانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي عَتّابٍ وسَعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا جِئتُم ونَحنُ سُجودٌ فاسجُدوا، ولا تَعدُّوها شَيئًا، ومَن أدرَكَ الرَّكعَةَ فقَد أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ أبي سليمانَ المَدينِيُّ.\nوقَد رُوِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ أضعَفَ مِن ذَلِكَ عن أبي هريرةَ:\n\n٢٦١١ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرَّملِيُّ والقاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ والعبَّاسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ سَوادٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن قُرَّةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد أدرَكَها قَبلَ أن يُقيمَ الإمامُ صُلبَه\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: هَذِه الزّيادَةُ: \"قَبلَ أن يُقيمَ الإمامُ صُلبَه\". يَقولُها يَحيَى بنُ حُمَيدٍ عن قُرَّةَ (^٣) وهو مِصرِيٌّ. قال أبو أحمدَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قالَ البُخارِيُّ: يَحيَى بنُ حُمَيدٍ عن قُرَّةَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ سمِع مِنه ابنُ وهبٍ، مِصرِيٌّ لا يُتابَعُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٧٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٢) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٨٤. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٩٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"عن قرة\".","vol":"3","page":519},{"text":"في حَديثِهِ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وحَدَّثَنا الجُنَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا البُخارِىُّ قالَ: يَحيَى بنُ أبى سليمانَ المَدَنِيُّ عن المَقبُرِيِّ وابنِ أبي عَتّابٍ، مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n٢٦١٢ - قالَ الشيخُ: وقَد روِى بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن رجلٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا جِئتُم والإِمامُ راكِعٌ فاركَعوا، وإِن كان (^٢) ساجِدًا فاسجُدوا، ولا تَعتَدّوا بالسُّجودِ إذا لم يَكُنْ معه الرُّكوعُ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الفَرّاءُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ المَكِّيُّ، عن رجلٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لم يُدرِكِ الرَّكعَةَ لم يُدرِكِ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٤).\nوروِى فيه عن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -:\n\n٢٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عليِّ بنِ الأقمَرِ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٨٦.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٣٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦١٤) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٥: مرسله مجهول.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٥: لا أعرف المكي.","vol":"3","page":520},{"text":"قالَ: مَن لم يُدرِكِ الإمامَ راكِعًا لم يُدرِكْ تِلكَ الرَّكعَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٦١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىِّ ابنُ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ وهُبَيرَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مَن لم يُدرِكِ الرَّكعَةَ فلا يَعتَدَّ بالسُّجودِ (^٢).\n\n٢٦١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّان، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن أدرَكَ الإمامَ راكِعًا، فرَكَعَ قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ الإمامُ رأسَه فقَد أدرَكَ تِلكَ الرَّكعَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٦١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: إذا فاتَتكَ الرَّكعَةُ فقَد فاتَتكَ السَّجدَةُ (^٤).\n\n٢٦١٨ - قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ وزَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٢٣) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٣٧١)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٣٥١) من طريق إسرائيل عن أبي إسحاق عن هبيرة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٣٧٤)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٩٩٢) من طريق ابن جريج.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٠.","vol":"3","page":521},{"text":"كانا يَقولانِ: مَن أدرَكَ الرَّكعَةَ قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ الإمامُ رأسَه فقَد أدرَكَ السَّجدَةَ (^١)\n\n٢٦١٩ - قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان يقولُ: مَن أدرَكَ الرَّكعَةَ فقَد أدرَكَ السَّجدَةَ، ومَن فاتَته قراءةُ أُمِّ القُرآنِ فقَد فاتَه خَيرٌ كَثيرٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-588>بابُ مَن رَكَعَ دونَ الصَّفِّ</span>\nوفِي ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على إدراكِ الرَّكعَةِ، ولَولا ذَلِكَ لَمَا تَكَلَّفوه.\n\n٢٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرَ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا زيادٌ الأعلَمُ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبي بَكرَةَ، أنَّه دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - راكِعٌ، فرَكَعَ قَبلَ أن يَصِلَ إلى الصَّفِّ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"زادَكَ اللَّهُ حِرصًا ولا تَعُدْ\" (^٣). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن هَمَّامٍ (^٤).\nقالَ الشافعيُّ: قَولُه: \"لا تَعُدْ\". يُشبِهُ قَولَه: \"لا تأتوا الصَّلاةَ تَسعَونَ\". يَعنِى واللهُ أعلَمُ: لَيسَ عَلَيكَ أن تَركَعَ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إلى مَوقِفِكَ، لِما في ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّعَبِ، كما لَيسَ عَلَيكَ أن تَسعَى إذا سَمِعتَ الإِقامَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٠.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٨٠)، والمعرفة (١٥٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٥٨) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (٥٢٨١ - ٥٢٨٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٨٣).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٨١)، والمعرفة (١٥٠٦)، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٦: الظاهر أن هذا نهى يقتضى الزجر في الموضعين، فلا يركع الإنسان حتى يقوم في الصف، ولا يأت الصلاة سعيا، فما أدرك في الصورتين صلى، وما فاته قضاه. اهـ.","vol":"3","page":522},{"text":"٢٦٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ وزَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ دخَلا المَسجِدَ والإِمامُ راكِعٌ، فرَكَعا ثم دَبَّا (^١) وهُما راكِعانِ حَتَّى لَحِقا بالصَّفِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو أُمامَةَ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، أنَّه رأَى زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ والإمامُ راكِعٌ، فمَشَى حَتَّى إذا أمكَنَه أن يَصِلَ الصَّفَّ وهو راكِعٌ كَبَّرَ، فرَكَعَ ثم دَبَّ وهو راكِعٌ حَتَّى وصَلَ الصَّفَّ (^٣)\n\n٢٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدَّثَنا مَنصورٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قالَ: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ مِن دارِه إلى المَسجِدِ، فلَمّا تَوَسَّطْنا المَسجِدَ رَكَعَ الإمامُ، فكَبَّرَ عبدُ اللهِ ورَكَعَ ورَكَعتُ معه، ثم مَشَينا راكِعَينِ حَتَّى انتَهَينا إلى الصَّفِّ حينَ رَفَعَ القَومُ رُءوسَهُم، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) دبَّ دبيبا: سار سيرا لينا. المصباح المنير ص ٧٢ (د ب ب).\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٣٦: منقطع، أبو بكر لم يدرك أبا بكر الصديق.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٢٥) عن أبي بكر أحمد بن الحسن عن أبي العباس الأصم، وابن وهب (٤١٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٣٦) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"3","page":523},{"text":"قَضَى الإمامُ الصَّلاةَ قُمتُ وأَنا أرَى أنِّى لم أُدرِكْ، فأَخَذَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بيَدِى وأَجلَسَنِى، ثم قال: إنَّكَ قَد أدرَكتَ (^١).\nورُوِّينا فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-589>بابُ مَن كَبَّرَ تَكبيرَةً واحِدَةً للافتِتاحِ ورَكَعَ، ومَنِ استَحَبَّ أن يُكَبِّرَ أُخرَى لِلرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: كان ابنُ عمرَ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ إذا أتَيا الإمامَ وهو راكِعٌ كَبَّرا تَكبيرَةً ويَركَعانِ بها (^٣).\n\n٢٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا بِشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قالَ: كان زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ إذا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ والنّاسُ رُكوعٌ استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فكَبَّرَ، ثم رَكَعَ، ثم دَبَّ وهو راكِعٌ حَتَّى يَصِلَ إلى الصَّفِّ. قال محمدٌ: أخبرَنِى ذاكَ أبو أُمامَةَ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ الأنصارِىُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٣٤) عن أبي الأحوص به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٩٧، والطبراني (٩٣٥٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٥٢٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥١٧) من طريق الزهري عن سالم عن ابن عمر وزيد، من قولهما.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٠٣) من طربق شعيب به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٩٨ من طريق محمد بن شهاب الزهري به.","vol":"3","page":524},{"text":"٢٦٢٦ - قالَ شُعَيبٌ: وقالَ هِشامُ بنُ عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ: كان عُروَةُ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ.\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوّينا في البابِ قبلَه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^١).\n\n٢٦٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ قالَ: قُلتُ لِمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: إنَّ بَعضَهُم أخبرَنِي، عن حَمّادٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قالَ: إن أدرَكَهُم رُكوعًا أو سُجودًا أو جُلوسًا يُكَبِّرُ تَكبيرَتَينِ. فَقالَ مالكٌ: أمّا في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ فذَلِكَ الأمرُ الذي نَعرِفُه، وأَمّا تَكبيرَتَينِ لِلجُلوسِ فإِنِّى لا أعرِفُ هَذا. قُلتُ: يُكَبِّرُ واحِدَةً يَستَفتِحُ بها ويَجلِسُ بها؟ قالَ: نَعَم.\nقالَ الشيخُ: إن صَحَّ هذا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ به (^٢) في السُّجودِ فكَبَّرَ للافتِتاحِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِنَ الافتِتاحِ رَفَعَ الإمامُ بتَكبيرٍ وقَعَدَ، فيوافِقُه في أذكارِه وأَفعالِه، وكَذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ أرادَ أن يَكونَ تَكبيرُ الإمامِ لِلسُّجودِ بَعدَ افتِتاحِه الصَّلاةَ واقتِدائِه به، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٦٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ قالَ: وأَخبَرَنِي إسماعيلُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قالَ: إذا أدرَكَهُم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٦٢٣).\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"إذا أدركه\".","vol":"3","page":525},{"text":"رُكوعًا كَبَّرَ تَكبيرَتَينِ: تَكبيرَةً لافتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ وتَكبيرَةً لِلرُّكوعِ وقَد أدرَكَ الرَّكعَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-590>بابُ يَركعُ برُكوعِ الإمامِ ويَرفَعُ برَفعِه ولا يَسبِقُه، وكذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ وغَيرِهِ</span>\n\n٢٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ، فلمَّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ أَقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى إمامُكُم، فلا تَسبِقونِي بالرُّكوعِ ولا بالسُّجودِ، ولا بالقيامِ ولا بالانصِرافِ؛ فإِنِّى أراكُم أمامِى ومِن خَلفِى\". ثم قالَ: \"والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَو رأَيتُم ما رأَيتُ لَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا ولَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا\". قالوا: وما رأَيتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قالَ: \"رأَيتُ الجَنَّةَ والنَّارَ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٢٨) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٧٢٢٦). وأخرجه النسائي (١٣٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١٦) من طريق على بن مسهر به. وأحمد (١١٩٩٧)، والدارمى (١٣٥٦) من طريق المختار بن فلفل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٢٦/ ١١٢).","vol":"3","page":526},{"text":"هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُنا: \"ألَّا تُبادِروا الإمامَ بالرُّكوعِ، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]. فقولوا: آمينَ. فإِنَّه إذا وافَقَ كَلامَ المَلائكَةِ غُفِرَ لِمَن في المَسجِدِ، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قالَ: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢). وحَديثُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ أتَمُّ.\n\n٢٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ عطاءٍ (^٣) ابنُ البَياضِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قالَ: قُرِئَ على الحارِثِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ في سنةِ مائَتَينِ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه فارفَعوا رُءوسَكُم، وإِذا قالَ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا جَميعًا: اللَّهُم رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، ولا تَسجُدوا قَبلَ أن يَسجُدَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه فارفَعوا رُءوسَكُم، ولا تَرفَعوا رُءوسكُم قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن سُهَيلٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٦٠) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وابن خزيمة (١٥٧٦) من طريق الأعمش به. وأبو داود (٦٠٣) من طريق أبي صالح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤١٥/ ٨٧).\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٧٥) من طريق سهيل بن أبي صالح به. وتقدم في (٢٣٠٩)، وسيأتي في (٥١٣٨، ٥٢١٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (٤١٥/ عقب ٨٧).","vol":"3","page":527},{"text":"وحَديثُ علىِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ أتَمُّ.\n\n٢٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَهمٍ الأنطاكِيُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ بنِ حَمَّادٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَهمٍ الأنطاكِيُّ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ، أنَّ أبا إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيَّ حدَّثه، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ على المِنبَرِ: حدَّثَنا البَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ، أنَّهُم كانوا يُصَلُّونَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فإِذا رَكَعَ رَكَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ فقالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". لم نَزَل قيامًا حَتَّى نَراه قَد وضَعَ وجهَه في الأرضِ، ثم نَتبَعُه. وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ: جَبهَتَه بالأرضِ، ثم نَسجُدُ (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سَهمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى البَراءُ وهو غَيرُ كَذوبٍ، أنَّهُم كانوا يُصَلُّونَ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ لم أرَ أحَدًا يَحنِي ظَهرَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٢٢) من طريق الفزارى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٧٤/ ١٩٩).","vol":"3","page":528},{"text":"حَتَّى يَضَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَبهَتَه على الأرضِ، ثم يَخِرُّ مَن وراءَه سُجَّدًا (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢). وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ (^٤)، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أنَّه سمِع مُعاويَةَ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا تَسبِقونِى بالرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ، فإِنِّى قَد بدنت، فمَهما أسبِقُكم به حينَ أركَعُ تُدرِكونِي حينَ أرفَعُ، ومَهما أسبِقُكم به حينَ أسجُدُ تُدرِكونِي حينَ أرفَعُ\" (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (^٦).\n\n٢٦٣٥ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥١١)، وأبو داود (٦٢٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٢٦، ٢٢٢٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق السبيعي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٧٤/ ١٩٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٩٠، ٧٤٧، ٨١١).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"حيان\". وينظر التقريب ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٣٠) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٦٨٩٢)، والبخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٣٩، وابن خزيمة (١٥٩٤) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٣٨)، وأبو داود (٦١٩)، وابن ماجه (٩٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٩٤)، وابن حبان (٢٢٢٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان.","vol":"3","page":529},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّلِيطِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّي قَد بدنت، فلا تَسبِقونِى بالرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ ولَكِن أسبِقُكُم، أنَّكُم تُدرِكونَ ما فاتَكُم\" (^١). لم نَضبِطْ عن شُيوخِنا \"بَدُنتُ\" أو \"بَدَّنتُ\"، واختارَ أبو عُبَيدٍ \"بَدَّنتُ\"، بالتَّشديدِ ونَصْبِ الدَّالِ، يَعنِى: كَبِرتُ. ومَن قال: \"بَدُنتُ\" برَفعِ الدّالِ، فإِنَّه أرادَ كَثرَةَ اللَّحمِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-591>بابُ إثمِ مَن رَفَعَ رأسَه قَبلَ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٢٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّسْتَرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قالَ محمدٌ - ﷺ -: \"أما يَخشَى الذي يرفَعُ رأسَه قَبلَ الإمامِ أن يُحَوِّلَ اللهُ رأسَه رأْسَ حِمارٍ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n٢٦٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الجُدِّيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وحَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وشُعبَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٣١) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٣٤)، ومسلم (٤٢٧/ ١١٥)، وابن حبان (٢٢٨٣) من طريق محمد بن زياد به.","vol":"3","page":530},{"text":"وإِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أما يَخشَى اللهَ الذي يَرفَعُ رأسَه والإِمامُ ساجِدٌ أن يَجعَلَ اللهُ رأسَهُ رأسَ حِمارٍ؟ \". قالَ شُعبَةُ في حَديثِه: \"أو صورَتَه صورَةَ حِمارٍ؟ \" (^١). أخرَجَه البُخارِىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ الحَمَّادَينِ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٣٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عَقيلٍ مِن كِتابِه ومِن حِفظِه، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أما يَخافُ أحَدُكُم إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ قَبلَ الإمامِ أن يُحَوِّلَ اللَّهُ رأسَه رأْسَ حِمارٍ؟ \" (^٤).\n\n٢٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّان، حدَّثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٠٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. والترمذي (٥٨٢)، والنسائي (٨٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٦١)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٠٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٨٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩١)، ومسلم (٤٢٧/ ١١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٢٧/ ١١٤، ١١٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣١٢٨). وأخرجه تمام في فوائده (٣٠٤ - الروض)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥١/ ٢١٢ من طريق محمد بن سيرين به.","vol":"3","page":531},{"text":"سمِع عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يقولُ: إذا رَفَعَ أحَدُكُم رأسَه فظَنَّ أنَّ الإمامَ قَد رَفَعَ فليُعِدْ رأسَه، فإِذا رَفَعَ الإمامُ رأسَه فليَمكُثْ قَدرَ ما تَرَكَ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ وإِبراهيمَ النَخَعِيِّ أنَّه يَعودُ فيَسجُدُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-592>بابُ القَولِ عندَ رَفعِ الرّأسِ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ وإذا استَوَى قائمًا</span>\n\n٢٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَركَعُ، ثم يقولُ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". حينَ يَرفَعُ صُلبَه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ، ثم يقولُ وهو قائمٌ: \"رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\" (^٣). وذكَر الحديثَ. رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n٢٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ وأبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرِامِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ فيما قُرِئَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٧٥٨)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨١ من طريق الحارث به.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط عقب (٢٠١٢) عن النخعي.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٣٠)، وسيأتي في (٢٨٠٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٩٢/ ٢٩).","vol":"3","page":532},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، وإِذا رَفَعَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَهُما كَذَلِكَ وقالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنَا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". وكانَ لا يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في السُّجودِ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَلَوِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الحِبَرِيُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا الماجِشونُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه قالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما بَينَهُما، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَئٍ بَعدُ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي سَلَمَةَ (^٥).\n\n٢٦٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ الحسنِ، عن ابنِ أبي أوفَى قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٣٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحيري\". وينظر المشتبه ١/ ١٨٤.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٣٧٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٧١/ ٢٠٢).","vol":"3","page":533},{"text":"السَّماءِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَيءٍ بَعدُ\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ ووَكيعٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ الخرقِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسَّانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". قالَ: \"رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَيءٍ بَعدُ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسَّانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ وما بَينَهُما، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَيءٍ بَعدُ، أهلَ الثَّناءِ والمَجدِ، لا مانِعَ لِما أعطَيتَ، ولا مُعطِىَ لِما مَنَعتَ، ولا يَنفَعُ ذا الجَدِّ مِنكَ الجَدُّ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٣٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٤٦) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وأحمد (١٩١٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٨٧٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٧٦/ ٢٠٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٦٥) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. وأحمد (٢٤٩٨)، ومسلم (٤٧٨/ عقب ٢٠٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٥٦)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٩٠٦).","vol":"3","page":534},{"text":"رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٦٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ إذا قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَيءٍ بَعدُ، أهلَ الثَّناءِ والمَجدِ، أحَقُّ ما قالَ العَبدُ، وكُلُّنا لَكَ عَبدٌ، لا مانِعَ لِما أعطَيتَ، ولا يَنفَعُ ذا الجَدِّ مِنكَ الجَدُّ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٦٤٧ - رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الدّارِمِىِّ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ محمدٍ الدِّمَشقِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، إلا أنَّه قال: كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قالَ: \"رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". وزادَ: \"ولا مُعطِىَ لِما مَنَعتَ\" (^٣). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الدَّارِمِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٢٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٧٨/ ٢٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٣) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف به. وأحمد (١١٨٢٨)، والنسائي (١٠٦٧)، وابن حبان (١٩٠٥) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٧٧/ ٢٠٥).\n(^٤) الدارمي (١٣٥٢).","vol":"3","page":535},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُجْمِرِ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى الزُّرَقِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ، أنَّه قالَ: كُنّا يَومًا نُصَلِّى وراءَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَمّا رَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ وقالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". قالَ رجلٌ وراءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ربَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ حَمدًا كَثيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبارَكًا فيهِ. فَلَمّا انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"مَنِ المُتَكَلِّمُ آنِفًا؟ \". قالَ الرَّجُلُ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَقَد رأَيتُ بِضعَةً وثَلاثينَ مَلَكًا يبتَدِرونَها أيُّهُم يَكتُبُها أوَّلُ\" (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ (^٢).\nورواه مُعاذُ بنُ رِفاعَةَ عن أبيه، فذكَره عَقِيبَ عُطاسٍ عَطَسَه رِفاعَةُ ولَم يَذكُرْ مَوضِعَه، وزادَ فيه: كما يُحِبُّ رَبُّنا ويَرضَى.\n\n٢٦٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ البَصرِىُّ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنِي رِفاعَةُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٢١٧)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣١٧، ٣١٨، وأبو داود (٧٧٠)، ومالك ١/ ٢١١، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٩٩٦)، والنسائي (١٠٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٤)، وابن حبان (١٩١٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٩٩).","vol":"3","page":536},{"text":"الزُّرَقِيُّ أبو زَيدٍ (^١) إمامُ المَسجِدِ قالَ: سَمِعتُ مُعاذَ بنَ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ الأنصارِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه رِفاعَةَ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَغرِبَ، فعَطَسَ رِفاعَةُ فقالَ: الحَمدُ للَّهِ حَمدًا كَثيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبارَكًا فيه، [مُبارَكًا عليه] (^٢)، كما يُحِبُّ رَبُّنا ويَرضَى. فلَمّا صَلَّى (^٣) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"أينَ المُتَكَلِّمُ في الصَّلاةِ؟ \". قالَ رِفاعَةُ: ودِدتُ أنِّى عَدِمتُ عِدَّةً مِن مالِي ولَم أشهَدْ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ حينَ قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أينَ المُتَكَلِّمُ في الصَّلاةِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: \"كَيفَ قُلتَ؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للَّهِ حَمدًا كَثيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبارَكًا فيه كما يُحِبُّ رَبُّنا ويَرضَى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَقَدِ ابتَدَرَها بِضعَةٌ وثَلاثونَ مَلَكًا أيُّهُم يَصعَدُ بها\" (^٤).\nوروِى عن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قالَ: عَطَسَ شابٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ وهو في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ كَذا. فذكَر بَعضَ مَعناه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يزيد\".\n(^٢) في حاشية م: مضروب عليها في النسخة المصرية. وستأتى بعد ذلك في الحديث بدونها.\n(^٣) في م: \"انصرف\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٧٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٧٣) من طريق سعيد بن عبد الجبار به. والترمذي (٤٠٤)، والنسائي (٩٣٠) من طريق رفاعة بن يحيى به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٧٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٦٢).","vol":"3","page":537},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-593>باب الإمامِ يَجمَعُ بَينَ قَولِه: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، وكَذَلِكَ المأمومُ</span>\n\n٢٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ يُكَبِّرُ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه يُكَبِّرُ، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ السَّجدَتَينِ قال: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\" (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٢).\nوقَولُه: كانَ. عِبارَةٌ عن دَوامِ فِعلِه، وكَذَلِكَ ذكَره ابنُ عمرَ وابنُ عباسٍ (^٣) وغَيرُهُما، فأَمّا قَولُه: وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه يُكَبِّرُ. فإِنَّما أرادَ واللهُ أعلَمُ: بَعدَ ما رَفَعَ رأسَه وأَرادَ أن يَسجُدَ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في حَديثِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذكَر صَلاتَه قال: ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\".\n\n٢٦٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٥٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٩٥).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٦٤١، ٢٦٤٤).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٦٤٠).","vol":"3","page":538},{"text":"حَمْدانَ بهَمَذانَ في سنةِ إحدَى وأَربَعينَ، حدَّثَنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ - ﵁ - قالَ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فلَمّا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\" (^١)\n\n٢٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الأصبَهانِىُّ التّاجِرُ بالرَّىِّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن الثَّورِيِّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّه كان إذا قالَ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. قالَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، اللَّهُمَّ بحَولِكَ وقوَّتِكَ أقومُ وأَقعُدُ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ التّاجِرُ بالرَّىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ وهو إمامٌ لِلنّاسِ في الصَّلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٩٩)، والنسائي (١٦٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٨٤) من طريق العلاء بن المسيب به. وقال النسائي عقبه: هذا الحديث عندى مرسل، وطلحة لا أعلمه سمع من حذيفة شيئًا.\n(^٢) عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن، سمع أبا حاتم محمد بن عيسى الوسقندى، روى عنه البيهقي، لقيه بالرى. تاريخ الإسلام حوادث ووفيات سنة (٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ٢٨/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (٥٧٦) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٥٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٤٢: فيه الحارث.","vol":"3","page":539},{"text":"يقولُ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، اللهُ أكبَرُ. يَرفَعُ بذَلِكَ صوتَه ونُتابِعُه مَعًا (^١).\n\n٢٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ قالَ: قالَ محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سيرينَ: إذا قالَ الإمامُ: سمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. قالَ مَن خَلفَه: سمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ.\nوروِى عن أبي بُردَةَ ابنِ أبي موسَى أنَّه كان يقولُ خَلفَ الإمامِ: سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. وقالَ عَطاءٌ: يَجمَعُهُما مَعَ الإمامِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ (^٢). ورُوِى فيه حَديثانِ ضَعيفانِ قَد خَرَّجتُهُما في \"الخلاف\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-594>بابُ ما استَدَلَّ به مَن قالَ باقتِصارِ المأمومِ على الحَمدِ دونَ قَولِه: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه</span>\n\n٢٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قالَ: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى القَعنَبِيَّ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٩١٥).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب حديث (٨٢٩) عنهم. وذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٤/ ٣٥٤ عن ابن سيرين وأبى بردة وعطاء. وذكره البغوي في شرح السنة عقب (٦٣١) عن ابن سيرين وعطاء.","vol":"3","page":540},{"text":"عن مالكٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا قالَ الإمامُ: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. فإِنَّه مَن وافَقَ قَولُه قَولَ المَلائكَةِ غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، ورواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يونُس بن جُبَيرٍ، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقاشِيِّ، أنَّ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ - ﵁ - صَلَّى بالنّاسِ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: فقالَ أبو موسَى: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَنا فعَلَّمَنا صَلاتَنا، وبَيَّنَ لَنا سُنَّتَنا فقال: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم فأَقيموا صُفوفَكُم، فإذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]. فقولوا: آمينَ. يُجِبْكُم اللَّهُ، وإِذا كَبَّرَ فرَكَعَ فكَبِّروا واركَعوا، فإِنَّ الإمامَ يُكَبِّرُ قَبلَكُم ويَرفَعُ قَبلَكُم\". فقال نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فتِلكَ بتِلكَ، وإِذا قالَ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. يُجِبْكُم اللَّهُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٨٨. ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢٣)، والترمذي (٢٦٧)، والنسائي (١٠٦٢)، وابن حبان (١٩٠٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٤٨) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٩٦)، ومسلم (٤٠٩/ ٧١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٦٣١).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٠٦٥)، وعنه أحمد (١٩٥٠٤). وسيأتي في (٢٨٦٧، ٢٨٦٨).","vol":"3","page":541},{"text":"رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\nورواه عليُّ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ واقِدٍ عن أبيه عن مَطَرٍ عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِيِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ فقال لَنا: إذا قالَ الإمامُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ. فقُلِ: اللهُ أكبَرُ. فتِلكَ بتِلكَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه، فقالَ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقُلْ مِثلَها، فتِلكَ بتِلكَ (^٢). والرِّوايَةُ الصَّحيحَةُ هِىَ الرِّوايَةُ الأُولَى.\n\n٢٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَهُم قال: أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكِبَ فرَسًا فصُرِعَ عنه، فجُحِشَ (^٣) شِقُّه الأيمَنُ، فصَلَّى لَنا صَلاةً مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ وهو جالِسٌ، فصَلَّينا معه جُلوسًا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قالَ: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فلا تَختَلِفوا عليه، فإذا صَلَّى قائمًا فصَلّوا قيامًا، وإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قالَ: سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، وإِذا صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلّوا قُعُودًا أجمَعينَ\" (^٤). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٤).\n(^٢) أشار الدارقطني إلى هذه الرواية في العلل ٧/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٣) الجحش هنا مثل الخَدْش، وقيل: فوقه. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ١٧٣.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٣٧٣). ومالك ١/ ١٣٥، ومن طريقه النسائي (٨٣١)، وابن حبان (٢١٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٥٦) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٣٧٠٢، ٥١٣٥)","vol":"3","page":542},{"text":"حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه (^١)، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو هريرةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روِى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ:\n\n٢٦٥٨ - أخبرَناه أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التّاجِرُ بالرَّىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن الثَّورِيِّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا قالَ الإمامُ: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فليَقُلْ مَن خَلفَه: رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-595>بابُ كَيفَ القيامُ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٢٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ الجُشَمِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في قِصَّةِ الدّاخِلِ، وفيه: \"ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا\" (^٥). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^٦).\n\n٢٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٩، ٧٣٢، ٧٣٣، ٨٠٥، ١١١٤)، ومسلم (٤١١/ ٧٧ - ٨١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤١١/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٠٩).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٩١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٣٩٥).\n(^٦) البخاري (٧٥٧، ٧٩٣)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٥).","vol":"3","page":543},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ قال: قال يَومًا وذَلِكَ في غَيرِ وقتِ صَلاةٍ: ألا أُريكُم كَيفَ كان صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقامَ فأَمكَنَ القيامَ، ثم رَكَعَ فأَمكَنَ الرُّكوعَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فانتَصَبَ قائمًا هُنَيئَةً. قالَ أبو قِلابَةَ: صَلَّى بنا صَلاةَ شَيخِنا هذا أبى بُرَيدٍ، وكانَ أبو بُرَيدٍ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدةِ الأخيرَةِ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى استَوَى قاعِدًا، ثم نَهَضَ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢). أبو بُرَيدٍ - بالباءِ والرّاءِ - هو عمرُو بنُ سَلِمَةَ الجَرمِيُّ، كَناه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ بذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٦٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ في صِفَةِ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه استَوَى حَتَّى يَعودَ كُلُّ فَقَارٍ (^٣) مَكانَه (^٤). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٣٩) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وأبو داود (٨٤٢، ٨٤٣)، والنسائي (١١٥٠) من طريق أيوب به. وابن خزيمة (٦٨٧) من طريق أبى قلابة به مختصرًا. وسيأتي في (٢٧٨٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٠٢).\n(^٣) الفقار: بفتح الفاء والقاف جمع فقارة: وهى عظام الظهر. فتح الباري ٢/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٨٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٨٢٨).","vol":"3","page":544},{"text":"ورواه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ فقالَ في الحَديثِ: حَتَّى يَعودَ كُلُّ عَظمٍ مِنه إلى مَوضِعِه مُعتَدِلًا (^١).\n\n٢٦٦٢ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا ثابِتٌ قالَ: كان أنَسٌ يَنعَتُ لَنا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكانَ يُصلِّى فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قامَ حَتَّى نَقولَ قَد نَسِىَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٦٣ - حدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الفَضلِ أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ البَزّاز، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ قال: قال لَنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: إنِّى لا آلُو أن أُصَلِّىَ بكُم كما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بنا. قالَ حَمّادٌ: قالَ ثابِتٌ: وكانَ أنَسٌ يَصنَعُ بنا شَيئًا لا أراكُم تَصنَعونَه، كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ انتَصَبَ قائمًا حَتَّى يَقولَ القائلُ: قَد نَسِىَ. وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدةِ استَوَى جالِسًا حَتَّى يَقولَ القائلُ: قَد نَسِىَ (^٤). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٦٠)، وابن حبان (١٩٠٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٠٩) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به. وأحمد (١٣٣٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٨٨٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.","vol":"3","page":545},{"text":"هِشامٍ، كِلاهُما عن حَمّادٍ (^١).\n\n٢٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ قال (ح) وأَخبَرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: غَلَبَ على الكوفَةِ رجلٌ قَد سَمّاه زَمَنَ ابنِ الأشعَثِ، فأَمَرَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أن يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قامَ قَدرَ ما أقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ، مِلءَ السَّمَواتِ ومِلءَ الأرضِ، ومِلءَ ما شِئتَ مِن شَئٍ بَعدُ، أهلَ الثَّناءِ والمَجدِ، لا مانِعَ لِما أعطَيتَ، ولا مُعطِىَ لِما مَنَعتَ، ولا يَنفَعُ ذا الجَدِّ مِنكَ الجَدُّ. قالَ الحَكَمُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى فقالَ: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ يقولُ: كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورُكوعُه وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ وسُجودُه وما بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ. قالَ شُعبَةُ: فذَكَرتُه لِعَمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، فقالَ: قَد رأَيتُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى فلَم تَكُنْ صَلاتُه كَذا (^٢).\nقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عمرٍو. رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٢١)، ومسلم (٤٧٢/ ١٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٦٩)، والبخاري (٧٩٢)، وأبو داود (٨٥٢)، والترمذي (٢٧٩، ٢٨٠)، والنسائي (١٠٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٠، ٦٥٩)، وابن حبان (١٨٨٤) من طريق شعبة مقتصرًا به على الفقرة الأخيرة. وسيأتي في (٢٧٩٣).","vol":"3","page":546},{"text":"عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-596>بابُ التَّكبيرِ عندَ الهُوِيِّ لِلسُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قالَ: حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، قالَ فيه: ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-597>بابُ وضعِ الرُّكبَتَينِ قَبلَ اليَدَينِ</span>\n\n٢٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ تَقَعُ رُكبَتاه قَبلَ يَدَيه، وإِذا رَفَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه قَبلَ رُكبَتَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٧١/ ١٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٨٦٥) من طريق ابن ملحان به. وتقدم في (٢٥٣٠). وسيأتي في (٢٧٧٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٥٣٠). وسيأتي في (٢٧٧٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٣٨)، والترمذي (٢٦٨)، والنسائي (١٠٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٢٦)، وابن حبان (١٩١٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب، لا نعرف أحدًا رواه مثل هذا عن شريك. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف =","vol":"3","page":547},{"text":"٢٦٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، كان إذا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه وكَبَّرَ، ثم التَحَفَ بثَوبِه ووَضَعَ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ قالَ هَكَذا بثَوبِه وأَخرَجَ يَدَيه، ثم رَفَعَهُما وكَبَّرَ، فلمَّا أرادَ أن يَسجُدَ وقَعَت رُكبَتاه على الأرضِ قَبلَ أن تَقَعَ كَفّاه، فلَمَّا سَجَدَ وضَعَ جَبهَتَه بَينَ كَفَّيه وجافَى عن إبطَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٦٦٨ - وقالَ هَمَّامٌ: وحَدَّثَنا شَقيقٌ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمٌ، عن أبيه، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ مِثلَ هَذا. قالَ: وفي حَديثِ أحَدِهِما قالَ هَمَّامٌ: وأَكبَرُ عِلمِى أنَّه في حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ: فإِذا نَهَضَ نَهَضَ على رُكبَتَيه واعتَمَدَ على فخِذَيهِ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا عَفانُ، حدَّثَنا هَمَّامٌ، حدَّثَنا شَقيقٌ أبو اللَّيثِ قالَ: حدَّثَنى عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا سَجَدَ وقَعَت رُكبَتاه إلى الأرضِ قَبلَ أن تَقَعَ كَفّاه. قالَ عَفّانُ: وهَذا\n_________\n= أبي داود (١٨١).\n(^١) البخترى في مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٧٠٥). وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٧ (٦٠) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٣٦، ٨٣٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٥٠، ١٨٢، ١٨٣).","vol":"3","page":548},{"text":"الحَديثُ غَريبٌ (^١). ورواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن شَريكٍ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: هذا حَديثٌ يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ شَريكٍ القاضِى، وإِنَّما تابَعَه هَمّامٌ مِن هذا الوَجهِ مُرسَلًا. هَكَذا ذكَره البُخارِىُّ وغَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ المُتَقَدِّمينَ رَحِمَهُم اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٢٦٧٠ - وَأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ حدَّثنا محمدُ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ عَنْ أُمِّه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ قَالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. . . ثم سَجَدَ، وكانَ أَوَّلَ مَا وَصَلَ إلى الأرضِ رُكبَتاه (^٢).\n\n٢٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بْنُ يَعقُوبَ حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا العَلاءُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أَنَسٍ قَالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَبَّرَ فَحَاذَى بإِبهامَيه أُذُنَيه، ثم رَكَعَ حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ مَفْصِلٍ مِنه في مَوْضِعِهِ، وَرَفَعَ رأسَه حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ مَفْصِلٍ مِنه في مَوضِعِه، ثم انحَطَّ بِالتَّكبيرِ حَتَّى سَبَقَت رُكبَتاه يَدَيهِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ العَلاءُ بنُ إسماعيلَ (^٤)، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٤٢) من طريق عفان به. وذكره الحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٥٥، وقال: وهو المحفوظ.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٤٥: محمد له مناكير، وسعيد ليس بالقوى، قاله النسائي.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٤٥، والحازمى في الاعتبار ص ٥٥ من طريق الدورى به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ١/ ٥٤٥: وما ضعِّف، والخبر بهذا السند منكر جدًّا.","vol":"3","page":549},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ في وضعِ الرُّكبَتَينِ قَبلَ اليَدَينِ مِن فِعلِهِما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-598>بابُ مَن قالَ: يَضَعُ يَدَيه قَبلَ رُكبَتَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدَّثَنا خَلَفُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو العُكبَرِىُّ حدَّثَنا سَعِيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بْنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَجَدَ أَحَدُكُم فلا يَبرُكْ كما يَبْرُكُ البَعيرُ، وليَضَعْ يَدَيه ثم رُكبَتَيه\". وفِى رِوَايَةِ أبى داودَ قال حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ، وقالَ في الحَدِيثِ: \"وليَضَعْ يَدَيه قَبْلَ (^٢) رُكبَتَيه\" (^٣). وبِمَعناه رواه غَيرُهُما عن سعيدٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ.\n\n٢٦٧٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بْنِ زيادٍ حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَجَدَ أَحَدُكُم فلا يَبْرُكْ كما يَبرُكُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٥٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٥) من فعل عمر. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٥٦ من فعل ابن مسعود. وذكرهما المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٨٣٥).\n(^٢) في س: \"على\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٣٦)، وأبو داود (٨٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٥٥) عن سعيد بن منصور به. والنسائي في (١٠٩٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٤٦).","vol":"3","page":550},{"text":"الجَمَلُ، وليَضَعْ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه\". كَذا قالَ: \"على رُكبَتَيه\". فإِن كان مَحفوظًا كان دَليلًا على أنَّه يَضَعُ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه عندَ الإهواءِ إلى السُّجودِ.\n\n٢٦٧٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا سَجَدَ أحَدُكُم فليَبدأْ برُكبَتَيه قَبلَ يَدَيه، ولا يَبرُكَ بُروكَ الجَمَلِ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢). إلا أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىَّ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، والَّذِي يُعارِضُه يَتَفَرَّدُ به محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ وعَنه الدَّراوَردِيُّ.\nوقَد رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ مُختَصَرًا كما:\n\n٢٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحسنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَعمِدُ أحَدُكُم في صَلاتِه فيَبرُكُ كما يَبرُكُ الجَمَلُ؟! \" (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِى أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان ثم نُسِخَ، وصارَ الأمرُ إلى ما رُوّينا عن وائلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥٤٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٥٥ من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٤)، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٨٣٧).\n(^٣) عبد اللَّه بن سعيد بن أبي سعيد كيسان المقبرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٧١، والمجروحين ٢/ ٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣١، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤١٩: متروك.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٨٤١). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٦٩)، والنسائي (١٠٨٩) عن قتيبة به، وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٤٧).","vol":"3","page":551},{"text":"حُجرٍ، إلا أنَّ إسنادَه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٢٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ الظَّهرانِيِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زكريا، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن أبيه، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قالَ: كُنّا نَضَعُ اليَدَينِ قَبلَ الرُّكبَتَينِ، فأُمِرنا بالرُّكبَتَينِ قَبلَ اليَدَينِ (^١). كَذا قالَ، والمَشهورُ عن مُصعَبٍ عن أبيه حَديثُ نَسخِ التَّطبيقِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ. ولِعَبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيِّ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ، ولا أُراه إلا وَهمًا.\n\n٢٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زكريا، حدَّثَنا مُحرِزُ بنُ سَلَمةَ العَدَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَضَعُ يَدَيه قَبلَ رُكبَتَيهِ. قالَ: وكانَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ وهبٍ وأَصبَغُ بنُ الفَرَجِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٣).\nوالمَشهورُ عن عبدُ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ فى هذا ما:\n\n٢٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٦٢٨). وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٤٦: إبراهيم تركه أبو حاتم، وأبوه تركه الدارقطني، وجده ضعفوه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود - كما في تحفة الأشراف (٨٠٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٢٧) من طريق أصبغ به.","vol":"3","page":552},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: إذا سَجَدَ أحَدُكُم فليَضَعْ يَدَيه، فإِذا رَفَعَ فليَرفَعْهُما، فإِنَّ اليَدَينِ تَسجُدانِ كما يَسجُدُ الوَجهُ (^١).\n\n٢٦٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا المُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ رَفَعَه قال: \"إنَّ اليَدَينِ تَسجُدانِ كما يَسجُدُ الوَجهُ، فإِذا وضَعَ أحَدُكُم وجهَه فليَضَعْ يَدَيه، فإِذا رَفَعَه فليَرفَعْهُما\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ عن إسماعيلَ. والمَقصودُ مِنه وضعُ اليَدَينِ في السُّجودِ، لا التَّقديمُ فيهِما، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-599>بابُ السُّجودِ على الكَفَّينِ والرُّكبَتَينِ والقَدَمَينِ والجَبهَةِ</span>\n\n٢٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٢٧ من طريق المصنف به. وعبد الرزاق (٢٩٣٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٦. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٣٠) من طريق المؤمل بن هشام به. وأحمد (٤٥٠١) - ومن طريقه أبو داود (٨٩٢) - والنسائي (١٠٩١) من طريق ابن علية به. وسيأتي في (٢٦٨٤).","vol":"3","page":553},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: أُمِرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ على سَبعَةِ أعظُمٍ، ونُهِىَ أن يَكُفَّ شَعَرَه وثيابَه؛ الكَفَّينِ والرُّكبَتَينِ والقَدَمَينِ والجَبهَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى الرَّبيعِ، وفِي حَديثِ العباسِ: أُمِرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ على سَبعَةٍ، ونُهِىَ أن يَكُفَّ شَعَرًا ولا ثَوبًا. أو قالَ: ثيابَه (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عارِمِ بنِ الفَضلِ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِى الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيِّ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البُخارِيُّ عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n٢٦٨١ - حدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً وأبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ قراءةً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ -، أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا سَجَدَ العَبدُ سَجَدَ معه سَبعَةُ آرابٍ؛ وجهُه وكَفّاه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٨٩) عن سليمان به. والترمذي (٢٧٣)، والنسائي (١٠٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٣) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢٥٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٢)، وابن حبان (١٩٢٣) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وسيأتي في (٢٦٨٦، ٢٦٨٩، ٢٧١٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٨١٥)، ومسلم (٤٩٠/ ٢٢٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٠٩).","vol":"3","page":554},{"text":"ورُكبَتاه وقَدَماه\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ إشكابَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنى أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدَّثَنى الحسنُ ابنُ الحُرِّ، حدَّثَنى عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ [أحدِ بَنِى] (^٣) مالكٍ، عن عَيّاشٍ، أو عَبّاسِ بنِ سَهلٍ السّاعِدِيِّ، أنَّه كان في مَجلِسٍ فيه أبوه، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وفِى المَجلِسِ أبو هريرةَ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وأبو حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىُّ مِنَ الأنصارِ، أنَّهُم تَذاكَروا الصَّلاةَ، فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالوا: كَيفَ؟ قالَ: اتَّبَعتُ ذَلِكَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالوا: فأَرِنا. قال: فقامَ يُصَلِّى وهُم يَنظُرونَ إلَيه، فبَدأَ فكَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ يَدَيه نَحوَ المَنكِبَينِ، ثم كَبَّرَ لِلرُّكوعِ، فرَفَعَ يَدَيه أيضًا حَتَّى أمكَنَ يَدَيه مِن رُكبَتَيه غَيرَ مُقَنِّعٍ رأسَه ولا مُصَوِّبِه، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". فرَفَعَ يَدَيه، ثم قالَ: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\". فسَجَدَ فانتَصَبَ على كَفَّيه ورُكبَتَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه وهو ساجِدٌ، ثم كَبَّرَ فجَلَسَ، فتَوَرَّكَ إحدَى قَدَمَيه ونَصَبَ قَدَمَه الأُخرَى، ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ، ثم كَبَّرَ يَعنِى فقامَ ولَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٠)، وأبو داود (٨٩١)، والترمذي (٢٧٢)، والنسائي (١٠٩٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٢١) من طريق قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (٨٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣١) من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أخبرني\". خطأ، والمثبت كما في مصادر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢١٠.","vol":"3","page":555},{"text":"يَتَوَرَّكْ، ثم عادَ فرَكَعَ الرَّكعَةَ الأُخرَى كَذَلِكَ، ثم جَلَسَ بَعدَ الرَّكعَتَينِ، حَتَّى إذا أرادَ أن يَنهَضَ لِلقيامِ قامَ بتَكبيرٍ، ثم رَكَعَ الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللهِ\". وسَلَّمَ عن شِمالِه أيضًا: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللهِ\". قالَ: وحَدَّثَنِى عيسَى، أنَّ مِمّا حدَّثه أيضًا في الجُلوسِ في التَّشَهُّدِ: أن يَضَعَ اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، ويَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ثم يُشيرُ بالدُّعاءِ بإصبَعٍ واحِدَةٍ (^١). هَكَذا رواه غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن أبي بَدرٍ، ورواه بَعضُهُم عن أبي بَدرٍ فقال: عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنى مالكٌ، عن عَبَّاسِ بنِ سَهلٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ.\nورَوَى عُتبَةُ بنُ أبي حَكيمٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى عن العباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ. ولَم يَذكُرْ محمدًا في إسنادِه (^٢)، والصَّحيحُ أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قَد شَهِدَه مِن أبى حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ.\n\n٢٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ. قال مِقدامٌ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الأسوَدِ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٣٣) عن على بن إشكاب به. وابن حبان (١٨٦٦) من طريق شجاع بن الوليد به. والترمذي (٢٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٥٨٩) من طريق عباس بن سهل به. وتقدم في (٢٥٥٥)، وسيأتي في (٢٧٣٤، ٢٧٧٢).\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٧٥٢).","vol":"3","page":556},{"text":"عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: كُنتُ في مَجلِسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فتَذاكَروا صَلاتَه، فقال أبو حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىُّ: أنا أعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَت مِن هِمَّتِى، رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ كَبَّرَ، ثم قرأَ، فإِذا رَكَعَ كَبَّرَ ووَضَعَ كَفَّيه على رُكبَتَيه وفَرَّجَ بَينَ أصابِعِه، ثم هَصَرَ ظَهرَه غَيرَ مُقَنِّعٍ رأسَه ولا صافِحًا بخَدِّه، فإِذا رَفَعَ قائمًا قامَ حَتَّى يَعودَ كُلُّ عُضوٍ إلى مَكانِه، فإِذا سَجَدَ أمكَنَ الأرضَ بكَفَّيه ورُكبَتَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه، ثم اطمأَنَّ ساجِدًا، فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه اطمأَنَّ جالِسًا، فإِذا قَعَدَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ قَعَدَ على بَطنِ قَدَمِه اليُسرَى ونَصَبَ اليُمنَى، فإِذا كانَتِ الرّابِعَةُ أفضَى بوَرِكِه اليُسرَى إلى الأرضِ، وأَخرَجَ قَدَمَيه مِن ناحيَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وفِي رِوايَةِ عَبّاسِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ في هذا الحَديثِ: فانتَصَبَ على كَفَّيه ورُكبَتَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه في السُّجودِ.\n\n٢٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا سَجَدَ أحَدُكُم فليَضَعْ يَدَيه، فإِذا رَفَعَ فليَرفَعْهُما؛ فإِنَّ اليَدَينِ تَسجُدانِ كما يَسجُدُ الوَجهُ\" (^٢). كَذا قال. ورواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ فقال: \"رَفَعَه\" (^٣). ورواه حَمَّادُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٨٤، ٢٥٨٥). وسيأتي في (٢٧٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٢٠١)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٣٤) من طريق مسلم به. وتقدم في (٢٦٧٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٦٧٩).","vol":"3","page":557},{"text":"زَيدٍ عن أيُّوبَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عمرَ (^١)، ورواه ابنُ أبي لَيلَى عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-600>بابُ إمكانِ الجَبهَةِ مِنَ الأرضِ في السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا الحَجاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمِّه رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا عندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَ رجلٌ فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى، فلَمَّا قَضَى صَلاتَه جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعَلَى القَومِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". وَذكَر الحديثَ في تَعليمِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إيّاه، قالَ فيه: \"ثم يُكَبِّرُ فيَسجُدُ، فيُمَكِّنُ جَبهَتَه مِنَ الأرضِ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ مَفاصِلُه وتَستَوِىَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-601>بابُ ما جاءَ في السُّجودِ على الأنفِ</span>\n\n٢٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً سنةَ ثَلاثٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٦٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٣٦) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٩٩).\n(^٤) في س: \"عبادة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٧٨.","vol":"3","page":558},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أسجُدَ على سَبعَةِ أعظُمٍ: على الجَبهَةِ\" - وأَشارَ بيَدِه إلى أنفِه - \"واليَدَينِ والرُّكبَتَينِ وأَطرافِ القَدَمَينِ، ولا نَكُفَّ الثّيابَ ولا الشَّعَرَ\". وفِي حَديثِ مُعَلَّى: \"ولا أكُفَّ الثَّوبَ ولا الشَّعَرَ\" (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ، إلا أنَّه قالَ: \"ولا نَكفِتَ\". وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ كَذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أسجُدَ على سَبعَةٍ، ولا أكُفَّ الشَّعَرَ ولا الثّيابَ: الجَبهَةِ والأنفِ واليَدَينِ والرُّكبَتَينِ والقَدَمَينِ\" (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\"، عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: \"لا أكفِتَ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٩٦) من طريق معلى بن أسد به. وابن حبان (١٩٢٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن حجاج به. وأحمد (٢٧٧٧) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨١٢)، ومسلم (٤٩٠/ ٢٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٩٠/ ٢٣١).","vol":"3","page":559},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قالَ: أُمِرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ مِنه على سَبعَةٍ؛ يَدَيه ورُكبَتَيه وأَطرافِ أصابِعِه وجَبهَتِه، ونُهِىَ أن يَكفِتَ مِنه الشَّعَرَ والثّيابَ. قالَ سُفيانُ: وزادَ ابنُ طاوُسٍ: فوَضَعَ يَدَه على جَبهَتِه، ثم مَرَّ بها على أنفِه حَتَّى بَلَغَ بها طَرَفَ أنفِهِ. قالَ: وكانَ أبى يَعُدُّ هذا واحِدًا (^١).\n\n٢٦٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عَلِيٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وعَمرٌو، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: أُمِرَ نَبيُّكُم - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ على سَبعَةٍ، ونُهِىَ، قالَ ابنُ طاوُسٍ: أن يَكُفَّ الشَّعَرَ والثّيابَ. وقالَ عمرٌو: يَكُفَّ شَعَرَه وثيابَه. قالَ سُفيانُ: وفِي حَديثِ عمرٍو: أن يَسجُدَ على سَبعَةٍ؛ جَبهَتِه ويَدَيه ورُكبَتَيه وأَطرافِ أصابِعِهِ. قالَ سُفيانُ: إلا أنَّ ابنَ طاوُسٍ حدَّثَنا أنَّ طاوُسًا كان يقولُ بيَدِه على جَبهَتِه وأَنفِه. وأَمَرَّ ابنُ طاوُسٍ يَدَه على أنفِه وجَبهَتِه. قالَ ابنُ طاوُسٍ: كان أبى يقولُ: هو واحِدٌ، واليَدَينِ، والرُّكبَتَينِ، والرِّجلَينِ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وفِي رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ ذِكرَ الأنفِ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٣٨)، والشافعي ١/ ١١٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٠)، والنسائي (١٠٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٦٨٧).","vol":"3","page":560},{"text":"الحَديثِ مِن تَفسيرِ طاوُسٍ، وقَد أخرَجَ مُسلِمٌ حَديثَ سُفيانَ عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ في \"الصحيح\" مُختَصَرًا دونَ التَّفسيرِ (^١).\n\n٢٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا يُخبِرُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: أُمِرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ مِنه على سَبعٍ. قالَ يَعنِى ابنَ مَيسَرَةَ: قُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ أرأَيتَ الأنفَ؟ قالَ: هو خَيرُه (^٢).\n\n٢٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعتَكِفُ. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"قَد رأَيتُ هَذِه اللَّيلَةَ ثم أُنسيتُها، وقَد رأَيتُنِى أَسجُدُ صَبيحَتَها في ماءٍ وطينٍ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فأَبصَرَت عَيناىَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعَلَى جَبهَتِه وأَنفِه أثَرُ الماءِ والطّينِ صَبيحَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٩٠/ ٢٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٠١١) عن يوسف به.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٨٨)، ومالك ١/ ٣١٩. ومن طريقه النسائي (١٠٩٤)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧٣)، وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٨٢) عن القعنبى به. وسيأتي في (٨٦١٠، ٣٥٩٤، ٨٦٦٣).","vol":"3","page":561},{"text":"مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن ابنِ الهادِ (^١).\n\n٢٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ اللَّخْمِيُّ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٢) ابنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الغَيلانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ [سَلمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ] (^٣)، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ والثَّورِيُّ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - رأَى رجلًا يُصلِّى فإِذا سَجَدَ لم يَمَسُّ أنفُه الأرضَ، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا يَمَسُّ أنفُه الأرضَ ما يَمَسُّ الجَبينُ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٦٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدَّثَنا الجَرّاحُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ. فذكَر حَديثَ شُعبَةَ والثَّورِيِّ، كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على الانفِرادِ بمَعناه، ثم قال أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ: لم يُسنِدْه عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ إلا أبو قُتَيبَةَ، والصَّوابُ عن عاصِمٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ مُرسَلًا (^٥).\n\n٢٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠٢٧)، ومسلم (١١٦٧/ ٢١٣، ٢١٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) زيادة من: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق أبى قتيبة به، وقال: صحيح على شرط البخاري. والطبراني (١١٩١٧) من طريق عاصم به. وابن المقرئ في معجمه (٤٢٧) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٤٨.","vol":"3","page":562},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قالَ: مرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ أوِ امرأَةٍ لا يَضَعُ أنفَه إذا سَجَدَ، فقال: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةٌ لا يُصيبُ الأنفُ مِنَ الأرضِ ما يُصيبُ الجَبينُ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وعَبدَةُ بنُ سليمانَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن عِكرِمَةَ مُرسَلًا (^٢).\nورُوِى عن سِماكٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بَعضُ مَعناه مِن قَولِه:\n\n٢٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ وأبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا (^٣) إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قالَ: إذا سَجَدتَ فضَعْ أنفَكَ على الأرضِ مَعَ جَبهَتِكَ. وفِي حَديثِ الصَّفّارِ: ثم جَبهَتَكَ (^٤).\n\n٢٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِيُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قالَ: إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٨٢) عن سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٠٧)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٤٤) من طريق عاصم به، وقال أبو داود عقبه: وقد أسند هذا الحديث وهذا أصح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل (١٠١) من طريق عبدة بن سليمان.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"محمد بن\". وقد تكرر كثيرًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٧٨)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٥٣) من طريق سماك به.","vol":"3","page":563},{"text":"سَجَدَ أحَدُكُم فليَضَعْ أنفَه على الأرضِ، فإِنَّكُم قَد أُمِرتُم بذَلِكَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه شَريكٌ عن سِماكٍ (^٢)، ورواه حَربُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"ضَعْ أنفَكَ ليَسجُدَ مَعَكَ\" (^٣). قالَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: حَديثُ عِكرِمَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلٌ أصَحُّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-602>بابُ الكَشفِ عن الجَبهَةِ في السُّجودِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥) ورِفاعَةَ (^٦) في السُّجودِ على الجَبهَةِ، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ (^٧) في سُجودِه في الطّينِ على جَبهَتِهِ.\n\n٢٦٩٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن خَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ قالَ: شَكَونا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شِدَّةَ الرَّمضاءِ في جِباهِنا وأَكُفِّنا فلَم يُشكِنا (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٠٠)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٥٤) من طريق أبى الاحوص به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣٥٢) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل (١٠٢)، والخطيب في المتفق والمفترق (٤٧٥) من طريق حرب بن ميمون به.\n(^٤) علل الترمذي الكبير عقب (١٠٢).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٦٨٠).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٦٨٥).\n(^٧) تقدم في (٢٦٩١).\n(^٨) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٩٢).","vol":"3","page":564},{"text":"٢٦٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرَايينيُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأنصارِىِّ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - قال: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الظُّهرِ فآخُذُ قَبضَةً مِنَ الحَصَى في كَفِّى حَتَّى تَبرُدَ، وأَضَعُها بجَبهَتِى إذا سَجَدتُ مِن شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: ولَو جازَ السُّجودُ على ثَوبٍ مُتَّصِلٍ به لَكانَ ذَلِكَ أسهَل مِن تَبريدِ الحَصا في الكَفِّ ووَضعِها لِلسُّجودِ عَلَيها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ الجُذامِىِّ، عن صالِحِ بنِ حَيْوانَ (^٢) السَّبائىِّ حدَّثه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأَى رجلًا يَسجُدُ بجَنبِه وقَد اعتَمَّ على جَبهَتِه، فحَسَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن جَبهَتِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٩٣).\n(^٢) كذا في س، م بالحاء المهملة. ينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٥٨١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٧، ٣٨، والتقريب ١/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٨٤) من طريق ابن وهب به، وعنده: \"خيوان\" بالخاء. ونقل المزى عن ابن الأعرابى عن أبي داود: ليس أحد يقول: \"خيوان\" بالخاء المعجمة إلا قد أخطأ. تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٨.","vol":"3","page":565},{"text":"وفيما رَوَى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ القُرَشِيِّ قال: رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رجلًا يَسجُدُ على كَوْرِ العِمامَةِ فأَومأ بيَدِه: ارفَعْ عِمامَتَكَ، وأَومأَ إلى جَبهَتِهِ. وهَذا المُرسَلُ شاهِدٌ لِمُرسَلِ صالِحٍ (^١).\n\n٢٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا هَنّادٌ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا كان أحَدُكُم يُصَلِّى فليَحْسِرِ العِمامَةَ عن جَبهَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا هَنَّادٌ، حدَّثَنا عَبدَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا سَجَدَ وعَلَيه العِمامَةُ يَرفَعُها حَتَّى يَضَعَ جَبهَتَه بالأرضِ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا هَنَّادٌ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سَكَنِ بنِ أبي كَريمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، أنَّه كان إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ حَسَرَ العِمامَةَ عن جَبهَتِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧١) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٨) عن وكيع به، وقال الذهبي ١/ ٥٥٢: عبد الأعلى الثعلبي فيه ضعف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٦١) من طريق عبيد الله به بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٩) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٧)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٦٢) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"3","page":566},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-603>بابُ مَن بَسَطَ ثَوبًا فسَجَدَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الأسفاطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا بِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثَنا غالِبٌ القَطّانُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَستَطِعْ أحَدُنا أن يُمَكِّنَ جَبهَتَه مِنَ الأرضِ مِن شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ، طَرَحَ ثَوبَه، ثم سَجَدَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا بِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثَنى غالِبٌ القَطّانُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيَضَعُ أحَدُنا طَرَفَ الثَّوبِ مِن شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ مَكانَ السُّجودِ (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" بقَريبٍ مِن هذا الَّلفظِ عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٧٠)، والبخاري (١٢٠٨)، وأبو داود (٦٦٠)، وابن ماجه (١٠٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٧٥) من طريق بشر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٣٥٤) عن أبي خليفة الفضل بن الحباب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٥).","vol":"3","page":567},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَنى بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثنى غالِبٌ القَطّانُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ، فإِذا لم يَستَطِعْ أحَدُنا أن يُمَكِّنَ جَبهَتَه مِنَ الأرضِ بَسَطَ ثَوبَه فسَجَدَ عَلَيهِ. رواه مُسلِمٌ في\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٠٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، أخبرَنا سُرَيجُ (^٢) بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ. فذكَر إسنادَه، إلا أنَّه قالَ في مَتنِه: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ، فيأخُذُ أحَدُنا الحَصْباءَ (^٣) في يَدِه، فإِذا بَرَدَ وضَعَه وسَجَدَ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ: هَذانِ حَديثانِ رَواهُما بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ؛ أحَدُهُما في الثَّوبِ، والآخَرُ في الحَصْباءِ. وقَد رواه خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ عن بكرٍ، يَعنِى بقَريبٍ مِنَ الَّلفظِ الأوَّلِ في الثّيابِ (^٥).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وأَمّا ما روِى عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ السُّجودِ على كَوْرِ العِمامَةِ، فلا يَثبُتُ شَيءٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\nوأَصَحُّ ما رُوِى في ذَلِكَ قَولُ الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ حِكايَةً عن أصحابِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٢٠/ ١٩١).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"شريح\" بالحاء. والمثبت من مصدر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١.\n(^٣) كذا في س، م، وفي مصدر التخريج \"الحصى\"، وكذلك ذكره ابن حجر عن البيهقي بلفظ \"الحصى\"، ولعله من نسخة لم تتيسر لنا. فتح الباري ١/ ٤٩٣.\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٤١٥٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٠٩٦).","vol":"3","page":568},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٢٧٠٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحسنِ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسجُدونَ وأَيدِيهِم في ثيابِهِم، ويَسجُدُ الرَّجُلُ مِنهُم على عِمامَتِهِ (^١). والحَديثُ الأوَّلُ يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به ثَوبًا مُنفَصِلًا عنه، وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ: يَسجُدُ الرَّجُلُ مِنهُم على عِمامَتِه وجَبهَتِه. والاحتياطُ لفَرْضِ (^٢) السُّجودِ أولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-604>بابُ السُّجودِ على الكَفَّينِ ومَن كَشفَ عَنهُما في السُّجودِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في السُّجودِ على الكَفَّينِ حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ وحَديثُ العباسِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٢٧٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ إسماعيلَ الخُطَبِيُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجْلانَ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيُّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥١) من طريق هشام به. وذكره البخاري معلقًا قبل (٣٨٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"لغرض\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٦٨٠، ٢٦٨١).","vol":"3","page":569},{"text":"أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بوَضعِ الكَفَّينِ ونَصْبِ القَدَمَينِ في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيِّ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ (^٢) بنُ واقِدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو إسحاقَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّبِيعِيُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ يقولُ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يَسجُدُ على أليَتَىِ الكَفِّ (^٣).\n\n٢٧١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو عمرَ الحَوضِيُّ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، قال: أنبأَنِي أبو إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قالَ: إذا سَجَدَ أحَدُكُم فليَسجُدْ على أليَةِ الكَفِّ (^٤). واللَّفظُ لِلحَوضِيِّ.\n\n٢٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن خَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ قالَ: شَكَونا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ في جِباهِنا وأَكُفِّنا فلَم يُشكِنا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٧٧) من طريق وهيب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٢٢٨).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٩١٥) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٨٨) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٠٨، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٨٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق به، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٥٤: صحيحان غريبان.\n(^٥) البخترى في مجموع مصنفاته (٧٠٩). وأخرجه الشاشي (١٠١٨) من طريق معلى به. والبخاري =","vol":"3","page":570},{"text":"٢٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدُ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا سَجَدَ وضَعَ كَفَّيه على الذي يَضَعُ عليه وجهَه. قالَ نافِعٌ: ولَقَد رأَيتُه في يَومٍ شَديدِ البَردِ، وإِنَّه لَيُخرِجُ كَفَّيه مِن تَحتِ بُرنُسٍ له حَتَّى يَضَعَهُما على الحَصباءِ (^١).\n\n٢٧١٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: مَن وضَعَ جَبهَتَه بالأرضِ فليَضَعْ كَفَّيه على الذي يَضَعُ عليه جَبهَتَه، ثم إذا رَفَعَ فليَرفَعْهُما؛ فإِنَّ اليَدَينِ تَسجُدانِ كما يَسجُدُ الوَجهُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-605>بابُ مَن سَجَدَ عَلَيهِما في ثَوبِهِ</span>\nقَد مَضى حَديثُ الحسنِ البَصرِيِّ: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسجُدونَ وأَيديهِم في ثيابِهِم (^٣).\n\n٢٧١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، أنَّ سَعدًا صَلَّى بالنّاسِ في مُستَقَةٍ يَداه فيها (^٤).\n_________\n= في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٤١، والطبراني (٣٧٠٤) من طريق وهيب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٥٤: منقطع سليمان لم يدرك خبابا. وتقدم في (٢٠٩٢، ٢٦٩٧).\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٦٣، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٧/ ٢٥١، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٤٦٣).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٦٣. وتقدم في (٢٦٧٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٧٠٧).\n(^٤) أبو عبيد ٤/ ٢٤١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢٦٠) عن حفص بن غياث به.","vol":"3","page":571},{"text":"قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: والمُستَقَةُ الفَروُ الطَّويلُ الكُمَّينِ. وهَذا مُرسَلٌ. وروّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال: كانوا يُصَلّونَ في مَساتِقِهِم وبَرانِسِهِم (^١) وطَيالِسِهِم (^٢)، ما يُخرِجونَ أيديَهُم (^٣).\nوقَد روِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ في إسنادِه بَعضُ الضَّعفِ:\n\n٢٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ صامِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قامَ يُصلِّى في مَسجِدِ بنى عبدِ الأشهَلِ وعَلَيه كِساءٌ، مُلتَفٌّ به، يَضَعُ يدَه عليه يَقيه بَردَ الحَصى (^٤).\nوروِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n٢٧١٦ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا خارِجَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سليمانَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قالَ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى في كِساءٍ أبيَضَ في غَداةٍ بارِدَةٍ، يَتَّقِى بالكِساءِ\n_________\n(^١) البرانس: جمع بُرْنُس، وهو كل ثوب رأسه منه ملتزق به. دُرَّاعة كان أو ممطرًّا أو جبة. العين ٧/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٢) الطيلسان: شبه الأردية يوضع على الكتفين والظهر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧١).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٢١. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٣٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أويس به. وابن خزيمة (٦٧٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن إسماعيل به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٧٠): في إسناده إبراهيم بن إسماعيل الأشهلي قال فيه البخاري: منكر الحديث، وضعفه ابن معين والنسائي والدارقطني، ووثقه أحمد والعجلى. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢١٥).","vol":"3","page":572},{"text":"بَردَ الأرضِ بيَدِه ورِجلِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-606>بابُ لا يَكُفُّ ثَوبًا ولا شَعرًا، ولا يُصَلِّى عاقِصًا شَعرًا</span>\n\n٢٧١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: أُمِرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَسجُدَ على سَبعَةِ أعظُمٍ، ولا يَكُفَّ ثَوبًا ولا شَعَرًا (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٧١٨ - وحَدَّثَناه أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه قالَ: على سَبعٍ، وأَلَّا يَكُفَّ ثَوبًا ولا شَعَرًا (^٤). رواه البُخارِىُّ عن قَبيصةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخترى في مجموع مصنفاته (٤٥٢) عن الواقدى به. وأحمد (٢٣٨٥)، وأبو يعلى (٢٥٧٦) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٠)، والنسائي (١١١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٢٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨١٠)، ومسلم (٤٩٠/ ٢٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٧)، والنسائي (١١١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٣٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٨٠٩).","vol":"3","page":573},{"text":"٢٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ بُكَيرًا حدَّثه، أنَّ كُرَيبًا مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ حدَّثه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ رأَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحارِثِ يُصَلِّى ورأسُه مَعقوصٌ مِن ورائِه، فقامَ وراءَه فجَعَلَ يَحُلُّه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ أقبَلَ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ فقال: ما لَكَ ورأسِى؟ قالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما مَثَلُ هذا مَثَلُ الذي يُصَلِّى وهو مَكتوفٌ\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجَّاجٌ قالَ: قالَ لِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيُّ، عن أبيه، أنَّه رأَى أبا رافِعٍ مَولَى النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ، وحَسَنٌ يُصَلِّى قائمًا قَد غَرَزَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٤٧). وأخرجه النسائي (١١١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩١٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٨٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٧٦٧) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩٢/ ٢٣٢).","vol":"3","page":574},{"text":"ضَفْرَتَيه (^١) في قَفاه، فحَلَّهُما أبو رافِعٍ، فالتَفَتَ حَسَنٌ إلَيه مُغضَبًا، فقالَ أبو رافِعٍ: أقبِلْ على صَلاتِكَ ولا تَغضَبْ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ذَلِكَ كِفلُ الشَّيطانِ\". يقولُ: مَقعَدُ الشَّيطانِ، يَعنِى مَغرِزَ ضَفرَتَيه. لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجَّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ، وفِي حَديثِ عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن سعيدٍ وقالَ: \"هو كِفلُ الشَّيطانِ\". يَعنِى مَقعَدَ الشَّيطانِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا في كَراهيَةِ ذَلِكَ عن عمرَ وعَلِىٍّ وحُذَيفَةَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵃ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-607>بابُ الذِّكرِ في السُّجودِ</span>\nوقَد مَضَى فيه حَديثُ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - المُخَرَّجُ في \"كتاب مسلم بن الحجاج\" (^٤).\n\n٢٧٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ في رُكوعِه: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العَظيمِ\". يُرَدِّدُها، فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ضفرته\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٩٩١)، ومن طريقه أحمد كما في إطراف المسند ٦/ ٢٢١، وأبي داود (٦٤٦)، والترمذي (٣٨٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩١١)، وابن حبان (٢٢٧٩) من طريق حجاج به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨١١٩، ٨١٢٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٧٢/ ٢٠٣). وتقدم في (٢٥٨٩).","vol":"3","page":575},{"text":"\"سمِع اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". فإِذا سَجَدَ قال: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى\". يُرَدِّدُها، وكانَ يقولُ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ: \"رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِى\" (^١).\n\n٢٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُكثِرُ أن يَقولَ في رُكوعِه وسُجودِه: \"سُبحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا وبِحَمدِكَ، اللُّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِي\". يَتأَوَّلُ القُرآنَ (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورواه البُخارِىُّ عن عثمانَ عن جَريرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عائشَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ في سُجودِه: \"سُبّوحٌ قُدّوسٌ، رَبُّ المَلائكَةِ والرّوحِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٩٩) من طريق يحيى به. والنسائي (١٦٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦٨٤) من طريق العلاء به. وعند ابن ماجه مختصرًا، وقال النسائي: هذا الحديث عندى مرسل، لا أعلم طلحة سمع من حذيفة شيئًا.\n(^٢) إسحاق بن راهويه (١٤٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٣)، وأبو داود (٨٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٦٠٥) من طريق جرير به. والنسائي (١٠٤٦)، وابن حبان (١٩٣٠) من طريق منصور به. وتقدم في (٢٥٩٥) وليس فيه ذكر السجود.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٨٤/ ٢١٧)، والبخاري (٤٩٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٠٦)، والنسائي (١١٣٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٩) من طريق ابن أبي عروبة به. =","vol":"3","page":576},{"text":"أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٧٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ الماجِشونِ قال: أخبرَنِي أبى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قامَ في الصَّلاةِ. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: فإِذا سَجَدَ قالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، ولَكَ أسلَمتُ، وعَلَيكَ تَوَكَّلتُ، سَجَدَ وجهِى لِلَّذِى خَلَقَه وصَوَّرَه وشَقَّ سَمعَه وبَصَرَه، فتَبارَكَ اللَّهُ أحسَنُ الخالِقينَ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-608>بابُ الاجتِهادِ في الدُّعاءِ في السُّجودِ رَجاءَ الإِجابَةِ</span>\n\n٢٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ سُحَيمٍ مَولَى العباسِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدِ بنِ عَبّاسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: كَشَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - السِّترَ،\n_________\n= وأبو داود (٨٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٠٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^١) مسلم (٤٨٧/ ٢٢٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٧٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٧١/ ٢٠١).","vol":"3","page":577},{"text":"ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَعصوبٌ في مَرَضِه الذي ماتَ فيه فقال: \"اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ - ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - إنَّه لم يَبقَ مِن مُبَشِّراتِ النُّبوَّةِ إلا الرُّؤيا يَراها العَبدُ الصّالِحُ أو تُرَى له، ألا وإِنِّى قَد نُهيتُ عن القراءةِ في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ، فإِذا رَكَعتُم فعَظِّموا اللهَ، وإِذا سَجَدتُم فاجتَهِدوا في الدُّعاءِ، فإِنَّه قَمِنٌ (^١) أن يُستَجابَ لَكُم\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ التُّستَريُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ سَوَّادٍ السَّرْحِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبي بكرٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا صالِحٍ ذَكوانَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أقرَبُ ما يَكونُ العَبدُ مِن رَبِّه وهو ساجِدٌ، فأَكثرِوا الدُّعاءَ فيه\" (^٥). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n\n٢٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) سبق ص ٥١٥ من نفس الجزء.\n(^٢) إسماعيل بن جعفر في حديثه (٤٤٦)، ومن طريقه النسائي (١١١٩)، وابن حبان (٦٠٤٦) مختصرًا. وتقدم في (٢٦٠٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٧٩/ ٢٠٨).\n(^٤) كذا في س، م. ولعل صوابه: \"النسوى\". كما في الأنساب ٥/ ٤٨٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٦١)، وأبو داود (٨٧٥)، والنسائي (١١٣٦)، وابن حبان (١٩٢٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٤٨٢/ ٢١٥).","vol":"3","page":578},{"text":"داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ السَّرحِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ في سُجودِه: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِي ذَنبِى كُلَّه، دِقَّه وجِلَّه، وأَوَّلَه وآخِرَه\". زادَ ابنُ السَّرحِ: \"عَلانيَتَه وسِرَّه\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ بنِ السَّرحِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-609>بابُ قَدرِ كَمالِ الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ في الاختيارِ</span>\n\n٢٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ وابنُ رافِعٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ كَيسانَ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن وهبِ بنِ مانوسَ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: ما صَلَّيتُ وراءَ أحَدٍ بَعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أشبَهَ صَلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن هذا الفَتَى. يَعنِى عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، قال: فحَزَرنا في رُكوعِه عَشرَ تَسبيحاتٍ، وفِي سُجودِه عَشرَ تَسبيحاتٍ. قالَ أبو داودَ: قال أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ: قُلتُ له: مانوسُ أو مابوسُ؟ قالَ: أمّا عبدُ الرزاقِ فيَقولُ: مابوسُ، وأَمّا حِفظِى فمانوسُ. وَهَذا لَفظُ ابنِ رافِعٍ، قالَ أحمدُ: عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨٧٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٧٢)، وابن حبان (١٩٣١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٨٣/ ٢١٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٨٨). وأخرجه النسائي (١١٣٤) عن محمد بن رافع به. وأحمد (١٢٦٦١)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٠٨ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن إبراهيم به، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٥٨: غريب لا يعرف إلا بهذا السند. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٨٩).","vol":"3","page":579},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-610>بابُ أدنَى الكَمالِ</span>\n\n٢٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ الهُذَلِيِّ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"إذا رَكَعَ أحَدُكُم فقال: سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العَظيمِ. ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فقَد تَمَّ رُكوعُه، وذَلِكَ أدناه، وإِذا سَجَدَ فقالَ: سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى. ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فقَد تَمَّ سُجودُه، وذَلِكَ أدناه\" (^١).\n\n٢٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الطُّفاوِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدٌ الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى تَميمٍ - أحسَنَ الثَّناءَ عليه - عن أبيه قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فسأَلتُه عن قَدرِ رُكوعِه وسُجودِه فقال: قَدرَ ما يقولُ الرَّجُلُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ وبِحَمدِه. ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-611>بابُ أينَ يَضَعُ يَدَيه في السُّجودِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ عن أبيه، أنَّه رأَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٥٩) عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن الطفاوى به. وتقدم في (٢٥٩٢) من طريق الجريرى عن السعدى عن أبيه أو عمه.","vol":"3","page":580},{"text":"النبيَّ - ﷺ -. وذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه: فلَمّا سَجَدَ سَجَدَ بَينَ كَفَّيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ [محمدِ ابنِ] (^٢) حامِدٍ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حِبَالٍ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ كَيفَ يُصَلِّى. قال: فقامَ، فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، وكَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، فلَمّا رَكَعَ وضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه، فلَمّا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، فلَمّا سَجَدَ وضَعَ وجهَه بَينَ يَدَيه بذَلِكَ المَكانِ. وذكَر الحديثَ. كَذا قال عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن عاصِمٍ: حَذوَ مَنكِبَيهِ (^٤). ووافَقَه على ذَلِكَ في رَفعِ اليَدَينِ سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. وقالَ بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وغَيرُه عن عاصِمٍ: حَذوَ أُذُنَيه. وقالَ: فلَمّا سَجَدَ وضَعَ رأسَه بذَلِكَ المَنزِلِ مِن يَدَيهِ.\n\n٢٧٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٥٢).\n(^٢) سقط من: م. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"حبان\". وهو محمد بن حبال بن حماد بن فرقد بن عبد الصمد أبو أحمد الصغانى. ينظر إكمال الإكمال ٢/ ٣٧٨، وتاريخ بغداد الموضع السابق.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٥٥٣).","vol":"3","page":581},{"text":"قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ يَكونُ يَداه حِذاءَ أُذُنَيهِ (^١). كَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الثَّورِيِّ.\n\n٢٧٣٣ - وقالَ وكيعٌ عن الثَّورِيِّ بإِسنادِه هذا: قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ سَجَدَ ويَدَيه قَريبَتَينِ مِن أُذُنَيهِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا أولَى لِموافَقَتِه رِوايَةِ أبى حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ وأَصحابِهِ.\n\n٢٧٣٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِي فُلَيحٌ، حدَّثَنى عَبَّاسُ بنُ سَهلٍ قال: اجتَمَعَ أبو حُمَيدٍ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ ومحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، فذَكَروا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ: ثم سَجَدَ فأَمكَنَ أنفَه وجَبهَتَه ونَحَّى يَدَيه عن جَنبَيه، ووَضَعَ كَفَّيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-612>بابٌ: يَضُمُّ أصابِعَ يَدَيه في السُّجودِ ويَستَقبِلُ بها القِبلَةَ</span>\n\n٢٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٤٥) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٥٥٥، ٢٥٨٦)، وسيأتي في (٢٧٨٧).","vol":"3","page":582},{"text":"عُقبَةَ الخازِنُ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، عن أبيه قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا رَكَعَ فرَّجَ أصابِعَه، وإِذا سَجَدَ ضَمَّ أصابِعَه (^١).\n\n٢٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَيَّاشُ بنُ تَميمٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ مالِكِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الفَزارِيِّ (^٢)، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ فوَضَعَ يَدَيه بالأرضِ استَقبَلَ بكَفَّيه وأَصابِعِه القِبلَةَ.\n\n٢٧٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الصُّدائيُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنى أبى عليُّ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا رَكَعَ بَسَطَ ظَهرَه، وإِذا سَجَدَ وجَّهَ أصابِعَه قِبَلَ القِبلَةِ فتَفاجَّ (^٤).\n\n٢٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ سَجّادَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٢٠) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وابن خزيمة (٦٤٢) من طريق الحارث به.\n(^٢) في س: \"الفراوي\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٥٣٩.\n(^٣) في س: \"الصيدلاني\". وينظر التقريب ١/ ١٧٧.\n(^٤) الفجّ: تفريجك بين شيئين. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١١٠، والقاموس المحيط ١/ ٢٠٩ (ف ج ج).\nوالحديث عند السراج في مسنده (٣٥٢)، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٥٩: على واه.","vol":"3","page":583},{"text":"أُسامَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - قال: يُكرَهُ ألَّا يَميلَ بكَفَّيه إلى القِبلَةِ إذا سَجَدَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-613>بابٌ: يَضَعُ كَفَّيه ويَرفَعُ مِرفَقيه ولا يَفتَرِشُ ذِراعَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إيادِ بنِ لَقيطٍ، عن إيادٍ، عن البَراءِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَجَدتَ فضَعْ كَفَّيكَ وارفَعْ مِرفَقَيكَ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٢٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اعتَدِلوا في السُّجودِ، ولا يَبسُطَنَّ أحَدُكُم ذِراعَيه انبِساطَ الكَلبِ\" (^٤). مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ (^٥).\n\n٢٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٠) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٦٥٦)، وابن حبان (١٩١٦) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٩٤/ ٢٣٤).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٠٨٩)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٤٩)، وأبو داود (٨٩٧)، والنسائي (١١٠٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٢٦) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (٨٩٢) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٨٢٢)، ومسلم (٤٩٣).","vol":"3","page":584},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَفتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ، والقراءةَ بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢]. وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ لم يُشخِصْ رأسَه ولَم يُصوِّبْه، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ استَوَى قائمًا، وكانَ إذا سَجَدَ فرَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ لم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ جالِسًا، وكانَ يَنهَى عن عَقِبِ الشَّيطانِ، وكانَ يَفتَرِشُ رِجلَه اليُسرَى ويَنصِبُ رِجلَه اليُمنَى، وكانَ يَكرَهُ أن يَفتَرِشَ ذِراعَيه افتِراشَ الكَلبِ، وكانَ يَختِمُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّسليمِ، وكانَ يقولُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ التَّحيَّةَ (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ في صِفَةِ صَلاةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: وكانَ يَنهانا أن يَفتَرِشَ أحَدُنا ذِراعَيه افتِراشَ السَّبُعِ (^٣). ورُوّينا فيه عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤) وأَبِى\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق بن راهويه (١٣٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٣٠)، وأبو داود (٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩٩) من طريق حسين به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩٨/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٨٧٦). وتقدم في (٢٢٩١)، وسيأتي في (٢٧٨٥، ٢٨٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٧٦)، والترمذي (٢٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٤)، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"3","page":585},{"text":"هريرةَ (^١) وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ شِبلٍ (^٢)، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-614>بابٌ: يُجافى مِرفَقَيه عن جَنبَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى وإِسحاقُ بنُ بكرٍ وأبو صالِحٍ الجُهَنِيُّ والنَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ بنِ بُحَينَةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا صَلَّى فرَّجَ بَينَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يَبدوَ إبْطاه. وقالَ أبو صالِحٍ الجُهَنِيُّ في حَديثِه: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ جافَى عَضُدَيه عن جَنبَيه حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إِبْطَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه (^٤) مِثلَه أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا صَلَّى فرَّجَ بَينَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إِبطَيهِ (^٥). رواه البُخارِيُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٢٧٦٣).\n(^٢) في س: \"سهل\". وينظر التقريب ١/ ٤٨٣.\nوسيأتي حديث عبد الرحمن بن شبل في (٢٧٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٤٨) من طريق بكر بن مضر به.\n(^٤) في م: \"بإسناد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٢٥)، والنسائي (١١٠٥) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٥٦٤)، ومسلم (٤٩٥/ ٢٣٥).","vol":"3","page":586},{"text":"٢٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأصَمِّ، [عن عَمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ] (^١)، عن مَيمونَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ لَو شاءَت بُهَيمَةٌ أَن تَمُرَّ بَينَ يَدَيه مَرَّت (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٢٧٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وأبو إِسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ (^٤) قالا: حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ (^٥) اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ خَوَّى بيَدَيه - يَعنِى: جَنَّحَ - حَتَّى يَرَوا وَضَحَ (^٦) إِبطَيه مِن ورائِه، وإِذا قَعَدَ اطمأَنَّ على فخِذِه اليُسرَى (^٧). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٠٩)، وأبو داود (٨٩٨)، والنسائي (١١٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (٦٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٩٦/ ٢٣٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"العبدى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٧٧.\n(^٥) في س: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٦٥.\n(^٦) الوضح: البياض. النهاية ٥/ ١٩٥.\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارمي (١٣٧١) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٨) مسلم (٤٩٧/ ٢٣٨).","vol":"3","page":587},{"text":"ورواه أَيضًا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ (^١).\n\n٢٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أَقرَمَ الخُزاعِيِّ، عن أَبيه، أنَّه كان مَعَ أبيه بالقاعِ مِن نَمِرَةَ، فمَرَّ عَلَيهِم رَكبٌ فأَناخوا بناحيَةِ الطَّريقِ، فقالَ لِي أبى: كُنْ في بَهْمِكَ حَتَّى أَدنوَ مِن هَؤُلاءِ الرَّكبِ أُسائلُه. قالَ: فدَنا ودَنَوتُ حَتَّى أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيهِم، فكُنتُ أَنظُرُ إلى عُفرَتَىْ (^٢) إبْطَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كُلَّما سَجَدَ (^٣). قالَ يَعقوبُ: هَكَذا قالَ: مِن نَمِرَةَ. والصَّحيحُ: ثَمِرَةَ، أَخطأَ فيه كما أَخطأَ فيه ابنُ المُبارَكِ أَيضًا (^٤).\n\n٢٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ، عن التَّميمِىِّ الذي حدَّث بالتَّفسيرِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: أَتَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - مِن خَلفِه، فرأَيتُ بَياضَ إِبْطَيه وهو مُجَخٍّ (^٥) قَد فرَّجَ بَينَ يَدَيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨١٨)، ومسلم (٤٩٧/ ٢٣٩) من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.\n(^٢) العُفْرة: البياض وليس بالبياض الناصع الشديد، ولكنه لون الأرض. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٠١)، والترمذي (٢٧٤)، والنسائي (١١٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٨٨١)، من طريق داود بن قيس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٧٢٠).\n(^٤) الذي في مصادر التخريج: \"نمرة\". ولم يشر أي مصدر إلى \"ثمرة\". ونمرة ناحية بعرفة، قال ياقوت في رسم \"نمرة\": وقال عبد اللَّه بن أقرم: رأيته بالقاع من نمرة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٨١٣.\n(^٥) في س: \"مجنح\". وسيأتي معناها قريبًا.\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٩٩) عن النفيلى به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٥) من طريق زهير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٧٩٦).","vol":"3","page":588},{"text":"٢٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِيُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ (^١) السُّورِينيُّ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إِسحاقَ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى جَخَّ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا زكريا العَنبَرِىَّ يَقولُ: جَخَّ الرَّجُلُ في صَلاتِه: إذا مَدَّ ضَبْعَيه (^٣)، وتَجافَى في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ.\n\n٢٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزَّاقِ، حدَّثَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَجَدَ تَجافَى حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إِبْطَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا عَبّادُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أَحمَرُ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: إِنْ كُنّا لَنأْوِى (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"النضر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٧، ٢٢٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي (١١٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٧) من طريق النضر به.\n(^٣) الضبع، بسكون الباء: العضد، وقيل: الضبع: الإبط، وقيل: ما بين الإبط إلى نصف العضد، وقيل: هو وسط العضد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٥.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٩٢٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٩)، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦١: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٥) نأوى: نرق له، أويت إلى الرجل آوى له، إذا أصابه شيء فرئيت له. معالم السنن ١/ ٢١٥.","vol":"3","page":589},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - مِمَّا يُجافِى بيَدَيه عن جَنبَيه إذا سَجَدَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-615>بابٌ: يُفَرِّجُ بَينَ رِجلَيه ويُقِلُّ بَطنَه عن فخِذَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا بَقيَّةُ، حدَّثَنى عُتبَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى حَكيمٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عيسَى، عن العباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ السّاعِدِيِّ، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ في صفَةِ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: وإِذا سَجَدَ فرَّجَ بَينَ فخِذَيه غَيرَ حامِلٍ بَطنَه على شَئٍ مِن فخِذَيهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه إِسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن عُتبَةَ إِلا أنَّه قال في إِسنادِه: عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣). وهو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n٢٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ، عن دَرّاجٍ، عن ابنِ حُجَيرَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا سجَدَ أَحَدُكُم فلا يَفتَرِشْ يَدَيه افتِراشَ الكَلبِ، وليَضُمَّ فَخِذَيه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٨٨٦) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٩٠٠) من طريق عباد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٩٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٣٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه بقى بن مخلد - كما في فتح الباري لابن رجب ٧/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦ - من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٦٠ من طريق إسماعيل به، وفيه: عيسى بن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٥٣)، وابن حبان (١٩١٧) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"3","page":590},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\nولعل التَّفريجَ أَشبَهُ بهَيئاتِ السُّجودِ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ، أنَّه وصَفَ السُّجودَ؛ فبَسَطَ يَدَيه ورَفَعَ عَجيزَتَه وخَوَّى، وقالَ: هَكَذا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسجُدُ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٥٥ - وقالَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ أبو تَوبَةَ، عن شَريكٍ، عن أبي إِسحاقَ قالَ: وصَفَ لَنا البَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ؛ فوَضَعَ يَدَيه واعتَمَدَ على رُكبَتَيه ورَفَعَ عَجيزَتَه، وقال: هَكَذا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسجُدُ. أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٢٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في القُعودِ لِلحاجَةِ، وفيه: ثم قال: لَعَلَّكَ مِنَ الَّذينَ يُصَلُّونَ على أَوراكِهِم؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا أَدرِى واللهِ. قال: يَعنِى الذي يَسجُدُ ولا يَرتَفِعُ عن الأرضِ، يَسجُدُ وهو لاصِقٌ بالأرضِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٠١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٩١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٠١)، والنسائي (١١٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٦) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٩٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٩٠).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٩٣، ومن طريقه البخاري (١٤٥)، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٢: إسناده ثابت.","vol":"3","page":591},{"text":"٢٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: لا يَسجُدَنَّ أَحَدُكُم مُوَرِّكًا ولا مُضطَجِعًا؛ فإِنَّه إذا أَحسَنَ السُّجود سَجَدت عِظامُه كُلُّها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-616>بابٌ: يَنصِبُ قَدَمَيه ويَستَقبِلُ بأَطرافِ أَصابِعِهِما القِبلَةَ</span>\n\n٢٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرنا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ: أَنا كُنتُ أَحفَظَكُم لِصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: وإِذا سَجَدَ وضَعَ يَدَيه غَيرَ مُفتَرِشٍ ولا قابِضِهِما، واستَقبَلَ بأَطرافِ أَصابِعِ رِجلَيه القِبلَةَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأخرَمُ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ وأبو كُرَيبٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ يقولُ: كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٤٢)، والطبراني (٩٣٢٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٦٩) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٢٨).","vol":"3","page":592},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ. الحديث، وقال فيه: ثم هَوَى إلى الأرضِ ساجِدًا، ثم جافَى عَضُدَيه عن إِبطَيه وفَتحَ أَصابِعَ رِجلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-617>بابُ ما جاءَ في ضَمِّ العَقِبَينِ في السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الطَّرَسوسِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزِيَّةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا النَّضرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُروَةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: قالَت عائشَةُ زَوجُ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: فقَدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ مَعِى على فِراشِى، فوَجَدتُه ساجِدًا راصًّا عَقِبَيه، مُستَقبِلًا بأَطرافِ أَصابِعِه القِبلَةَ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"أَعوذُ برِضاكَ مِن سَخَطِكَ، وبِعَفوِكَ مِن عُقوبَتِكَ، وبِكَ مِنكَ، أُثنِى عَلَيكَ، لا أَبلُغُ كُلَّ ما فيكَ\". فلَمّا انصرَفَ قالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، أَخَذَكِ شَيطانُكِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: أَما لَكَ شَيطانٌ؟ قالَ: \"ما مِن آدَمِيٍّ إِلا لي شيطانٌ\". فقُلتُ: وأَنتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قالَ: \"وأَنا، لَكِنِّى دَعَوتُ الله عليه فأَسلَمَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-618>بابٌ: يَعتَمِدُ بمِرفَقَيه على رُكبَتَيه إذا أَطالَ (^٣) السُّجودَ</span>\n\n٢٧٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٠٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٨، ٢٢٩، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٥٤)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٩٣٣) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٣: الطرسوسى قال ابن عدى: هو في عداد من يسرق الحديث. وتقدم في (٦١٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"طال\".","vol":"3","page":593},{"text":"قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيث بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: شَكا أَصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى النبيِّ - ﷺ - مَشَقَّةَ السُّجودِ عَلَيهِم إذا انفَرَجوا (^١) فقال: \"استَعينوا بالرُّكَبِ\". زادَ شُعَيبٌ في رِوايَتِه: قال ابنُ عَجلانَ: وذَلِكَ أَن يَضَعَ مِرفَقَيه على رُكبَتَيه إذا أَطالَ السُّجودَ وأَعيا (^٢).\n\n٢٧٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُمَيٍّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ قال: شَكَونا إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الاعتِمادَ والادِّعامَ (^٣) في الصَّلاةِ، فرَخَّصَ لَهُم أَن يَستَعينَ الرَّجُلُ بمِرفَقَيه على رُكبَتَيه أَو فخِذَيهِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن سُمَىٍّ عن النُّعمانِ قال: شَكا أَصحابُ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَره مُرسَلًا (^٥). قال البُخارِيُّ: وهَذا أَصَحُّ بإِرسالِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) انفرجوا، أي: باعدوا اليدين عن الجنين. عون المعبود ١/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وأبو داود (٩٠٢). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٨٦) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٨٤٧٧) من طريق الليث به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٩٢).\n(^٣) الادعام: هو الاتكاء. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٢٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٣ من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٢٨)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٣ من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٠٣.","vol":"3","page":594},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-619>بابُ الطُّمأنينَةِ في السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّه الجُشَمِيُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ الدّاخِلِ الذي أَساءَ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى عَلَّمَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال فيه: \"ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا\". مُخَرَّجٌ في \"الصحيحين\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-620>بابُ التَّغليظِ على مَن لا يُتِمُّ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ</span>\n\n٢٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أَتِمّوا الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إِنِّى لأراكَم مِن بَعدِ ظَهرِى إذا ما رَكَعتُم وسَجَدتُم\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ أبى مَسعودٍ أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ فيها صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\":\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٦٠٥) وذكرنا هناك طرقه.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢١٠٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٢٥/ ١١١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٤٢)، ومسلم (٤٢٥/ ١١٠).","vol":"3","page":595},{"text":"٢٧٦٥ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إِملاءً، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عِمرانَ القاضِى بهَراةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ عبدُ الجَليلِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمارَةَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ الأزدِيِّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ البَدرِيِّ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ لِرَجُلٍ لا يُقيمُ صُلبَه - أَو قال: ظَهرَه - في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفِي حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: \"صُلبَه\". بِلا شَكٍّ، وقالَ: عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ قال: قال.\n\n٢٧٦٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى (^٢) بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسرائيلُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ فيها صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليِّ ابنُ الصَّوَّافِ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٦٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٧٣)، وأبو داود (٨٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٦١). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٦٠٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٦٠٨).","vol":"3","page":596},{"text":"أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن واصِلٍ الأحدَبِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّه مَرَّ على رجلٍ يُصَلِّى لا يُتِمُّ رُكوعًا ولا سُجودًا، فقال له: مُذ كَم تُصَلِّى هَذِه الصَّلاةَ؟ فقال: مُنذُ أَربَعينَ سنةً. أَو قالَ: مُنذُ كَذا وكَذا. قالَ: ما صَلَّيتَ للَّهِ صَلاةً مُنذُ كَذا وكَذا. قالَ مَهدِىٌّ: وأَحسِبُه قالَ له: لَو مُتَّ لمُتَّ على غَيرِ سُنَّةِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الصَّلتِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مَهدِيٍّ بنِ مَيمونٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أَبيه، عن تَميمِ بنِ مَحمودٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ شِبلٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ثَلاثٍ: عن نَقرَةِ الغُرابِ، وافتِراشِ السَّبُعِ، ولا يُوطِنُ (^٣) الرَّجُلُ المَكانَ الذي يُصَلِّى فيه كما يُوطِنُ البَعيرُ (^٤).\n\n٢٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٠/ ١٨٤ من طريق مهدى به. وسيأتي في (٤٠٥٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٨٩، ٨٠٨) بأخصر من هذا السياق.\n(^٣) يوطن الرجل المكان: يتخذ مكانًا في المسجد لا يصلى إلا فيه كما يفعل البعير في مبركه. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٦٢، ١٣١٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وابن ماجه (١٤٢٩) من طريق وكيع به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١١٧٦).","vol":"3","page":597},{"text":"عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن تَميمِ بنِ مَحمودٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ شِبلٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّلاةِ عن افتِراشِ السَّبُعِ، وأَن يَنقُرَ نَقرَ الغُرابِ، وأَن يُوطِنَ الرَّجُلُ المَقامَ كما يُوطِنُ البَعيرُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-621>بابُ التَّكبيرِ عندَ رَفعِ الرّأسِ مِنَ السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٢٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أَن قال: ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَهوِى ساجِدًا، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَسجُدُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-622>بابُ القُعودِ على الرِّجلِ اليُسرَى بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ</span>\n\n٢٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزَّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيَّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٣٣، ١٥٥٣٤)، وأبو داود (٨٦٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٥١)، والنسائي (١١٤٩) من طريق الليث به. والترمذي (٢٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٧٨، ٦١١، ٦٢٤) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٩٢/ ٢٩).","vol":"3","page":598},{"text":"عَشرَةٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في صِفَةِ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال فيه: ثم يَهوِى (^١) إلى الأرضِ، فيُجافِى يَدَيه عن جَنبَيه، ثم يَرفَعُ رأسَه فيَثنِى رِجلَه اليُسرَى فيَقعُدُ عَلَيها (^٢).\n\n٢٧٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، قالَ: أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ الفَرغانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ الحُرِّ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بن عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ أَحَدِ بنى مالكٍ، عن عَبّاسِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّه كان في مَجلِسٍ فيه أَبوه، وكانَ مِن أَصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، وكانَ في المَجلِسِ أبو هريرةَ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وأبو حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيُّ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وأَنَّهُم تَذاكَروا الصَّلاةَ فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: أَنا أَعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه: ثم قال: \"اللَّهُ أَكبَرُ\". فسَجَدَ وانتَصَبَ على كَفَّيه ورُكبَتَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه وهو ساجِدٌ، ثم كَبَّرَ فجَلَسَ، فتَوَرَّكَ إِحدَى رِجلَيه ونَصَبَ قَدَمَه الأُخرَى، ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ في إِسنادِه: عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، سَمِعَه مِن عَبّاسِ بنِ سَهلٍ، أنَّه حَضَرَ أبا حُمَيدٍ وأَبا أُسَيدٍ ورِجالًا مِنهُم في الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ساجدا\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٥، ٢٥٨٦، ٢٦٨٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٨٩، وأبو داود عقب (٧٣٥) تعليقًا.","vol":"3","page":599},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-623>بابُ القُعودِ على العَقِبَينِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ</span>\n\n٢٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سمِع طاوُسًا يقولُ: قُلنا لابنِ عباسٍ في الإقعاءِ على القَدَمَينِ فقال: هو سُنَّةٌ. فقُلنا: فإِنّا نَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الجَفاءِ إذا فعَلَه الرَّجُلُ. فقالَ: بَل هِى سُنَّةُ نَبيِّكَ محمدٍ - ﷺ - (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٧٤ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ أَن تَمَسَّ أَلْيَتاكَ عَقِبَيكَ (^٣).\nزادَ فيه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ عن سُفيانَ: بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ.\n\n٢٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى عن انتِصابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على عَقِبَيه وصُدورِ قَدَمَيه بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ إذا صَلَّى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٥٣) عن محمد بن بكر به. وأبو داود (٨٤٥)، والترمذي (٢٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٦٨٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٠٣٠) - ومن طريقه الطبراني (١٠٩٥٠) - من طريق سفيان الثوري به.","vol":"3","page":600},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى نَجيحٍ المَكِّيُّ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ أبى الحجَّاجِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ يَذكُرُه. قال: فقُلتُ له: يا أبا العباسِ واللَّهِ إِن كُنّا لنَعُدُّ هذا جَفاءً مِمَّن صَنَعَه. قال: فقال: إنَّها لَسُنَّةٌ (^١).\n\n٢٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، أَنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ أخبرَه، أنَّه رأَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ إذا سَجَدَ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الأُولَى يَقعُدُ على أَطرافِ أَصابِعِه ويَقولُ: إنَّه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمٌ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ وابنَ عباسٍ كانا يُقعِيانِ. قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ: وكانَ طاوُسٌ يُقعِى.\n\n٢٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُهَيرٍ مُعاويَةُ بنُ حُدَيجٍ قال: رأَيتُ طاوُسًا يُقعِى، فقُلتُ: رأَيتُكَ تُقعِى. فقال: ما رأيتَنِى أُقعِى ولَكِنَّها الصَّلاةُ، رأيتُ العَبادِلَةَ الثَّلاثَةَ يَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ؛ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ وعَبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ وعَبدَ اللَّه بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَفعَلونَه. قال أبو زُهَيرٍ:\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٦: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه السراج (٣٣٧) عن محمد بن الهيثم به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٧٥٢) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"3","page":601},{"text":"وقَد رأيتُه يُقعِى (^١).\n\n٢٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِيُّ الهَرَوِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ صَفوانَ الكوفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عمرَ وابنَ عباسٍ وهُما يقُعيانِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ على أَطرافِ أَصابِعِهِما. قال إِبراهيمُ: فسأَلتُ عَطاءً عن ذَلِكَ، فقال: أَيَّ ذَلِكَ فعَلتَ أَجزأكَ، إن شِئتَ على أَطرافِ أَصابِعِكَ، وإِنْ شِئتَ على عَجُزِكَ.\nفهَذا الإِقعاءُ المُرَخَّصُ فيه أَوِ المَسنونُ على ما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عمرَ، وهو أَن يَضَعَ أَطرافَ أَصابِعِ رِجلَيه على الأرضِ، ويَضَعَ أَليَتَيه على عَقِبَيه ويَضَعَ رُكبَتَيه بالأرضِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-624>بابُ الإقعاءِ المَكروهِ في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الإقعاءِ في الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩٨، ١٩٩. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٥٧ عن أسانيد الإقعاء عن العبادلة: أسانيدها صحيحة.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه البزار (٤٥٨٦) من طريق قتادة به بنحوه.","vol":"3","page":602},{"text":"خالَفَه حَمّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ:\n\n٢٧٨١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدَّثَنا السّالَحينِيُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الإقعاءِ والتَّوَرُّكِ في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السَّيْلَحينِيُّ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ. وقَد قيلَ عنه عن حَمَّادٍ وبَحرِ بنِ كَنِيزٍ (^٢) عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ. والرِّوايَةُ الأولَى أصَحُّ.\n\n٢٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: أَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ، ونَهانِي عن ثَلاثٍ، أَمَرَنِي: بصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أَيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ، وأَلا أَنامَ إِلا على وِترٍ، ورَكعَتَيِ الضُّحَى، ونَهانِي: عن الالتِفاتِ في الصلاةِ التِفاتَ الثَّعلَبِ، أَو (^٣) أُقعِى إقعاءَ القِردِ، أَو (^٣) أنقُرُ نَقرَ الدّيكِ (^٤).\n\n٢٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٦١٧٤) من طريق يحيى بن معين به. وأحمد (١٣٤٣٧)، والبزار (٧٢٦١، ٤٥٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) في م: \"كثير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"و\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٥٠، ١٠٤٨٣)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦/ ٣٥٥ من طريق ليث به. وعند ابن عساكر بذكر مجاهد وشهر بن حوشب، قال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٧: ليث ضعيف.","vol":"3","page":603},{"text":"أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ (^١)، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا علىُّ\". وذكَر الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"ولا تُقعِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ\" (^٢).\nالحارِثُ الأعوَرُ لا يُحتَجُّ به، وكَذَلِكَ لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ (^٣)، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عمرَ صَحيحٌ.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ أنَّه حَكَى عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ أنَّه قال: الإقعاءُ هو أن يُلصِقَ أَليَتَيه بالأرضِ ويَنتَصِبَ على ساقَيه ويَضَعَ يَدَيه بالأرضِ. وقال في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: الإقعاءُ جُلوسُ الإنسانِ على أَليَتَيه ناصِبًا فَخِذَيه مِثلَ إقعاءِ الكَلبِ والسَّبُعِ (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وهَذا النَّوعُ مِنَ الإقعاءِ غَيرُ ما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عمرَ، وهَذا مَنهِيٌّ عنه، وما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عمرَ مَسنونٌ، وأمَّا حَديثُ أبى الجَوزاءِ عن عائشَةَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -: أنَّه كان يَنهَى عن عَقِبِ الشَّيطانِ، وكانَ يَفرِشُ رِجلَه اليُسرَى ويَنصِبُ رِجلَه اليُمنَى. فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ وارِدًا في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الوزان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٤)، والترمذي (٢٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٤) من طريق إسرائيل به. وأبو داود (٩٠٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمة الحارث الأعور في ١/ ٣٦، ومصادر ترجمة ليث بن أبي سليم في ١/ ٣٣٠.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢١٠، ٢/ ١٠٩.","vol":"3","page":604},{"text":"الجُلوسِ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ الأخيرِ، فلا يَكونُ مُنافيًا لِما رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عمرَ في الجُلوسِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-625>بابُ المُكثِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ</span>\n\n٢٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أَسماءَ وخَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، أن سليمانَ بنَ حَربٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ قالَ: قالَ أَنَسٌ: لا آلو أن أُصَلِّىَ بكُم كما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بنا. قالَ ثابِتٌ: فكانَ أنَسٌ يَصنَعُ شَيئًا لا أراكُم تَصنَعونَه، كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ قامَ حَتَّى يَقولَ القائلُ: قَد نَسِىَ. وإذا رَفَعَ رأسَه بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ قَعَدَ حَتَّى يَقولَ القائلُ: قَد نَسِىَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ. رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ قالت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٦٦٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٢١)، ومسلم (٤٧٢).","vol":"3","page":605},{"text":"الحديثَ في صِفَةِ صَلاتِه وقالت: كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ لم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ قائمًا، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ لم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ قاعِدًا (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عارِمٌ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، أنَّ (^٣) مالِكَ بنَ الحوَيرِثِ قال لأصحابِه: ألا أُريكُم كَيفَ صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ وذاكَ في غَيرِ حينِ صَلاةٍ، فقامَ ثم رَكَعَ فكَبَّرَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقامَ هُنَيْئَةً ثم سَجَدَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه ثم انتظَرَ هُنَيْئَةً، ثم سَجَدَ. قال أبو قِلابَةَ: صَلَّى صَلاةَ شَيخِنا هذا يَعنِى عمرَو بنَ سَلِمَةَ. قال أَيُّوبُ: وكانَ عمرٌو يَصنَعُ شَيئًا لا أَرَى النّاسَ يَصنَعونَه، كان إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِن آخِرِ السَّجدَتَينِ في الأولَى والثّالِثَةِ استَوَى قاعِدًا، ثم يَقومُ (^٤). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِي فُلَيحٌ، حدَّثَنى عَبَّاسُ بنُ سَهلٍ قال: اجتَمَعَ أبو حُمَيدٍ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٧٤١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٦٦٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٨١٨).","vol":"3","page":606},{"text":"ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، فذَكَروا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أَعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَها وذكَر السُّجودَ قالَ: ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه حَتَّى رَجَعَ كُلُّ عَظمٍ في مَوضِعِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرَّزّازُ (^٢) مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن سالِمٍ أبى (^٣) عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال عُقبَةُ بنُ عمرٍو: ألا أُصَلِّى كما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى؟ فقُلنا: بَلَى. قال: فقامَ يُصَلِّى، فلَمّا رَكَعَ وضَعَ راحَتَيه على رُكبَتَيه، وجَعَلَ أصابِعَه مِن وراءِ رُكبَتَيه، وجافَى إبْطَيه حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَئٍ مِنه، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقامَ حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَيءٍ مِنه، ثم سَجَدَ فجافَى إِبْطَيه حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَيءٍ مِنه، ثم رفَع رأسَه فقعَد حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَيءٍ مِنه، ثم صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ ثم قالَ: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى، وهَكَذا كان يُصَلِّى بنا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-626>بابُ ما يقولُ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ</span>\n\n٢٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٣٤، ٩٦٧). وتقدم في (٢٥٨٦).\n(^٢) على بن أحمد بن محمد بن داود الرزاز أبو الحسن البغدادى، قال الخطيب: كان كثير السماع والشيوخ، إلى الصدق ما هو. توفى سنة (٤١٩ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٧٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨١)، والنسائي (١٠٣٦) من طريق زائدة به. وسيأتي في (٢٨٠٨).","vol":"3","page":607},{"text":"يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، سمِع أبا حمزة يُحَدِّثُ عن رجلٍ مِن عَبسٍ - شُعبَةُ يَرَى أنَّه صِلَةُ بنُ زُفَرَ - عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فذكَر الحديثَ قال: وكانَ يقولُ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ: \"رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِي، رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِي\". وجَلَسَ بقَدرِ سُجودِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الطَّبيبُ، حدَّثَنا كامِلُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: بتُّ عندَ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ، فقامَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - مِن نَومِه. فذكَر الحديثَ في صَلاةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - وفيه: وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ قال: \"رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِى وارحَمنِى، واجبُرْنِى وارفَعْنِى، وارزُقْنِى واهدِنِى\". ثم سَجَدَ (^٢). تابَعَه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عن كامِلٍ (^٣)، وقيل عن زَيدٍ: \"وعافِنِى\". دونَ قَولِه: \"واجبُرْنِي وارفَعْنِى\".\n\n٢٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٤١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٧٥)، وأبو داود (٨٧٤)، والنسائي (١٠٦٨، ١١٤٤) من طريق شعبة به، وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٩: أبو حمزة هو طلحة بن يزيد. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٩٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن صبيح عن كامل بن العلاء به. وأحمد (٢٨٩٥) من طريق كامل عن حبيب عن ابن عباس أو عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٥٠)، والترمذي (٢٨٤، ٢٨٥) من طريق زيد به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث غريب. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٦٩: بعضهم يرسله. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٢٥٨: فيه كامل =","vol":"3","page":608},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِيُّ قالَ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ عَليًّا كان يقولُ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ: رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِي وارحَمْنِى وارفَعْنِى واجبُرْنِى (^١).\nورواه الحارِثُ الأعوَرُ عن عليٍّ إلا أنَّه قال: واهدِنِي. بَدَلَ: وارفَعْنِى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-627>بابُ فرضِ الطُّمأنينَةِ في الرُّكوعِ والقيامِ مِنه، والسُّجودِ والجُلوسِ مِنه، والسُّجودِ الثّانِى</span>\n\n٢٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ، فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فصَلَّى، ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - فرَدَّ عليه النبيُّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"ارجِعْ فَصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". ثَلاثًا، قال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَه، فعَلِّمْنِى. قال: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكعًا، ثم ارفَعْ (^٣) حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ في صَلاتِكَ\n_________\n= أبو العلاء مختلف فيه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧٥٦).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حجر في نتائج الأفكار ٢/ ١١٨ من طريق المصنف به. وقال عقبه: رجاله موثقون إلا الواسطة بين سليمان وعلى.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٠٠٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٨٩٢١) من طريق الحارث به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: \"وارفعنى\"، وليس عند عبد الرزاق: \"اهدنى\" ولا: \"ارفعنى\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"رأسك\".","vol":"3","page":609},{"text":"كُلِّها\" (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-628>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن أَن يَكونَ مُكثُ المُصَلِّى في هَذِه الأركانِ قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ</span>\n\n٢٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي الحَكَمُ، أَنَّ مَطَرَ بنَ ناجيَةَ لما ظَهَرَ على الكوفَةِ أَمَرَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أن يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ، فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ أطالَ القيامَ، فحَدَّثتُ به ابنَ أبى لَيلَى، فحَدَّثَ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى فرَكَعَ، وإذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ، وإذا سَجَدَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ (^٣). أخرَجاه جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ (^٤).\n\n٢٧٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بن أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كان سُجودُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورُكوعُه وقُعودُه بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٩٥، ٢٥١٠، ٢٦٠٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٩٣).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٧٧٢). وتقدم في (٢٦٦٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٩٢، ٨٠١)، ومسلم (٤٧١)","vol":"3","page":610},{"text":"قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحيمِ عن أبي أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو كامِلٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبي حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: رَمَقتُ محمدًا - ﷺ - في الصَّلاةِ فوَجَدتُ قيامَه، ورَكْعَتَه، واعتِدالَه بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، فسَجْدَتَه، فجَلْسَتَه بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ، فسَجْدَتَه، فجَلْسَتَه بَينَ التَّسليمِ والانصِرافِ، قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ. رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ وحامِدِ بنِ عمرَ إلا أنَّه قالَ في مَتنِه: فرَكعَتَه، فاعتِدالَه بَعدَ رُكوعِه، فسَجْدَتَه، فجَلْسَتَه بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ، فسَجدَتَه وجَلْسَتَه ما بَينَ التَّسليم والانصِرافِ، قَريبًا مِنَ السَّواءِ (^٤).\nأخبرَناه أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الجُلودِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٨٣) من طريق أبى أحمد به. وأحمد (١٨٦٣٤) من طريق مسعر به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٥٤) من طريق مسدد وأبى كامل به. وأحمد (١٨٥٩٨)، والنسائي (١٣٣١) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٧١/ ١٩٣) بذكر الجلستين.","vol":"3","page":611},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ، حدَّثَنا حامِدُ بنُ عمرَ البَكراوِىُّ وأبو كامِلٍ فُضَيلُ بنُ حُسَينٍ الجَحدَرِيُّ، كِلاهُما عن أبى عَوانَةَ قالَ حامِدٌ: حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ. فذكَره. وكأنَّ ذِكرَ إحدَى الجَلسَتَينِ سَقَطَ مِن رِوايَتِنا، وإنَّما ذَكَرَهُما حامِدٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-629>بابٌ في جَلسَةِ الاستراحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ نُجَيدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ الحوَيرِثِ اللَّيثِيُّ، أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يُصَلِّى، فإذا كان في وِترٍ مِن صَلاتِه لم يَنهَضْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ قاعِدًا (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىَّ في عَشَرَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ في صِفَةِ صَلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٤٤)، والترمذي (٢٨٧)، والنسائي (١١٥١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٢٣).","vol":"3","page":612},{"text":"النبيِّ - ﷺ - وفيه: ثم يَعودُ يَعنِى إلى السُّجودِ ثم يَرفَعُ فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُ أَكبَرُ\". ثم يَثنِى رِجلَه فيَقعُدُ عَلَيها مُعتَدِلًا حَتَّى يَرجِعَ، أَو يَقَرَّ، كُلُّ عَظمٍ مَوضِعَه مُعتَدِلًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-630>بابُ كَيفَ القيامُ مِنَ الجُلوسِ</span>\n\n٢٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي. وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أَيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: كان مالِكُ بنُ الحُوَيرِثِ يأتينا في مَسجِدِنا هذا ليُصَلِّىَ بنا فيَقولُ: إِنِّى لأُصَلِّى بكُم وما أُريدُ الصَّلاةَ، ولَكِنِّى أُريدُ أن أُريَكُم كَيفَ رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى. قال أَيّوبُ: فقُلتُ لأبِى قِلابَةَ: كَيفَ كانَت؟ يَعنِى صَلاتَه قال: مِثلَ صَلاةِ شَيخِنا هذا. يَعنِى عمرَو بنَ سَلِمَةَ، قال أَيُّوبُ: وكانَ ذَلِكَ الشيخُ يُتِمُّ التَّكبيرَ، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الثّانيَةِ جَلَسَ، ثم اعتَمَدَ على الأرضِ (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن وُهَيبٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الهِسِنجانِيُّ يَعنِى إبراهيمَ بنَ يوسُفَ، وعِمرانُ يَعنِى ابنَ موسَى قالا: حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٤، ٢٧٧١).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٦٦٠، ٢٧٨٦) من طريق أيوب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٧، ٨٢٤).","vol":"3","page":613},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، أنَّه حَدَّثَ عن مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ ودَخَلَ عَلَينا مَسجِدَنا فقالَ: إِنِّى لأُصَلِّى وما أُريدُ الصَّلاةَ، ولَكِنِّى أُريدُ أن أُعَلِّمَكُم كما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى. قال: فذكَر أنَّه حَيثُ رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ، يَعنِى في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، استَوَى قاعِدًا، ثم قامَ واعتَمَدَ على الأرضِ (^١).\n\n٢٨٠٠ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ بنَحوِه، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: وكانَ مالكٌ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الأخيرَةِ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى فاستَوَى قاعِدًا، قامَ واعتَمَدَ على الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، أنَّه رأى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ يَرجِعُ مِن سَجدَتَينِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيه، فلَمّا انصَرَف ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: إنَّها لَيسَت بسُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ، وإنَّما أفعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِن أجلِ أنِّى أشتَكِى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٩٣٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ١١٦، ١١٧.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٨٩.","vol":"3","page":614},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-631>بابُ مَن قال: يَرجِعُ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيهِ</span>\nرَوَى خالِدُ بنُ إلياسَ - ويُقالُ: إياسٍ. وهو ضَعيفٌ (^١) - عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَضُ في الصَّلاةِ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيهِ (^٢). وحَديثُ مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ أصَحُّ.\n\n٢٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ السَّوْطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفَّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ الأعمَشُ قال: رأيتُ عُمارَةَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يُصَلِّى مِن قِبَلِ أبوابِ كِندَةَ. قال: فرأيتُه رَكَعَ ثم سَجَدَ، فلَمَّا قامَ مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الأخيرَةِ قامَ كما هو، فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقال: حَدَّثَنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَزيدَ أنَّه رَأَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يَقومُ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيه في الصَّلاةِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحَديثِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىَّ فقال إبراهيمُ: حدَّثَنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَزِيدَ، أنَّه رأى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. فَحَدَّثتُ به خَيثَمَةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ فقال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ يَقومُ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيهِ. فحَدَّثتُ به محمدَ بنَ عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللهِ الثَّقَفِيَّ فقال:\n_________\n(^١) هو خالد بن إلياس - ويقال: إياس - بن صخر بن أبي الجهم، أبو الهيثم المدنى إمام مسجد النبي - ﷺ -. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٤٠، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٣٢٨، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٢/ ٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٨٠. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢١١: متروك الحديث.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٨٨) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\".","vol":"3","page":615},{"text":"رأيتُ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى يَقومُ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيهِ. فحَدَّثتُ به عَطيَّةَ العَوفِيَّ فقالَ: رأيتُ ابنَ عمرَ وابنَ عباسٍ وابنَ الزُّبَيرِ وأبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يَقومونَ على صُدورِ أقدامِهِم في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٢٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى زكريا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أَسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عَبدَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: رَمَقتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فرأيتُه يَنهَضُ على صُدورِ قَدَمَيه ولا يَجلِسُ، إذا صَلَّى في أوَّلِ رَكعَةٍ حينَ يَقضِى السُّجودَ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: هو عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ صَحيحٌ، ومُتابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ أولَى، وابنُ عمرَ قَد بَيَّنَ في رِوايَةِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ حَكيمٍ عنه أنَّه لَيسَ مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ، وإنَّما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِن أجلِ أنَّه يَشتَكِى. وعَطيَّةُ العَوفِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-632>بابُ ما يَفعَلُ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ وسَجدَةٍ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ ما وصَفنا</span>\n\n٢٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الخَفّافُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى أُسامَةَ: أَحَدَّثَكُم\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٧٢: إسناده مع قوته غريب.\n(^٢) جزء سفيان بن عيينة ص ٨٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٦٦)، والطبراني (٩٣٢٧).\n(^٣) هو عطية بن سعد بن جنادة العوفى أبو الحسن الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٨٢، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٧٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ١٤٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٥/ ٣٢٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٤: صدوق يخطئ كثيرًا، كان شيعيًّا مدلسًا.","vol":"3","page":616},{"text":"عُبَيدُ (^١) اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قالَ: دَخَلَ رجلٌ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جالِسٌ في ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ فصَلَّى، ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ عليه فقال: \"وعَلَيكَ (^٢)، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ عليه، فقال له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقال له في الثّالِثَةِ: فعَلِّمنِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأَسبِغِ الوُضُوءَ، واستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ وكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ رأسَكَ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ قاعِدًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم اقعُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ قاعِدًا، ثم (^٣) كَذَلِكَ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ وسَجدَةٍ\"؟ فأقَرَّ به أبو أُسامَةَ وقال: نَعَم (^٤). كَذا قال إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن أبي أُسامَةَ. ورِوايَتُه كَذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٨٠٥ - والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ أبى قُدامَةَ ويوسُفَ بنِ موسَى، عن أبي أُسامَةَ: \"ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ رأسَك حتَّى تَستَوِىَ وتَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ رأسَك حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ قائمًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ في صَلاتِكَ كُلِّها\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ (^٦) بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"السلام\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"افعل\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥١٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٢٩٠).\n(^٦) في م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"3","page":617},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ.\n\n٢٨٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمَّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ. فذكَره بنَحوِه وقال في آخِرِه: \"ثم ارفَعْ (^١) حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ قائمًا\" (^٢). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى (^٣). ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ وابنِ نُمَيرٍ، إلا أنَّه أحالَه على رِوايَةِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ ولَم يَسُقِ المَتنَ، ولَم يَذكُرْ في رِوايَةِ يَحيَى السُّجودَ الثّانِىَ ولا ما بَعدَه مِنَ القُعودِ أوِ القيامِ (^٤). والقيامُ أشبَهُ بما سيقَ الخَبَرُ لأجلِه مِن عَدِّ الأركانَ دونِ السُّنَنِ، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَركَعُ، ثم يقولُ: \"سمِع اللهُ لمن حَمِدَه\". حينَ يَرفَعُ صُلبَه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ، ثم يقولُ وهو قائمٌ: \"رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَهوِى\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"رأسك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه السراج كما في فتح الباري ٢/ ٢٧٩ من طريق يوسف بن موسى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٦٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٦).","vol":"3","page":618},{"text":"ساجِدًا، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَسجُدُ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَرفَعُ رأسَه، ثم يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في الصَّلاةِ كُلِّها حَتَّى يَقضِيَها، ويُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ مِنَ الثِّنتَينِ بَعدَ الجُلوسِ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وعُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سالِمٍ البَرّادِ قال: أتَينا عقبَةَ بنَ عمرٍو الأنصارِىَّ أبا مَسعودٍ فقُلنا له: حَدِّثْنا عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقامَ بَين أيدينا في مَسجِدٍ فكَبَّرَ، فلَمّا رَكَعَ وضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه وجَعَلَ أصابِعَه أسفَلَ مِن ذَلِكَ، وجافَى بَينَ مِرفَقَيه حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَئٍ مِنه، ثم قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقامَ حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَيءٍ مِنه، ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ، فوَضَعَ كَفَّيه على الأرضِ، ثم جافَى بمِرفَقَيه عن جَنبَيه حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَئٍ مِنه، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه، فجَلَسَ حَتَّى استَقَرَّ كُلُّ شَئٍ مِنه، ففَعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا، ثم صَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ مِثلَ هَذِه الرَّكعَةِ، يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه، ثم قال: هَكَذا رأينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-633>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ الجُلوسِ في التَّشَهُّدِ الأوَّلِ والثّانِى</span>\n\n٢٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٥٣٠، ٢٦٤٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٩٢/ ٢٨، ٢٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٦٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٩٨) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٧٦٩)، وتقدم في (٢٧٨٨).","vol":"3","page":619},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ البَزَّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فذَكَرنا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقال أبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىُّ: أنا كُنتُ أحفَظَكُم لِصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، رأيتُه إذا كَبَّرَ جَعَلَ يَدَيه حَذو مَنكِبَيه، وإذا رَكَعَ أمكَنَ يَدَيه مِن رُكبَتَيه ثم هَصَرَ ظَهرَه، فإذا رَفَعَ رأسَه استَوَى حَتَّى يَعودَ كُلُّ فَقَارٍ مَكانَه، وإذا سَجَدَ وضَعَ يَدَيه غَيرَ مُفتَرِشٍ ولا قابِضِهِما، واستَقبَلَ بأطرافِ أصابِعِ رِجلَيه، وإذا جَلَسَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ قَدَّمَ رِجلَيه، ثم جَلَسَ على رِجلِه اليُسرَى، وإذا جَلَسَ في الرَّكعَةِ الآخِرَةِ قَدَّمَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى وجَلَسَ على مَقعَدَتِهِ (^١). رواه البُخارِيُّ في \"الصحيح\" كما:\n\n٢٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ هو البُخارِيُّ قال: حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ ويَزيدَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ. فذكَر الحديثَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٨٤، ٢٧٥٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٢٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وأبو داود (٧٣١، ٩٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٣) من طريق الليث عن يزيد بن أبي حبيب ويزيد بن محمد به.","vol":"3","page":620},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: إلا أنَّ البُخارِىَّ يقولُ في رِوايَتِه: واستَقبَلَ بأطرافِ أصابِعِ رِجلَيه القِبلَةَ، فإذا جَلَسَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ جَلَسَ على رِجلِه اليُسرَى ونَصَبَ اليُمنَى، وإذا جَلَسَ في الرَّكعَةِ الآخِرَةِ قَدَّمَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى ونَصَبَ الأُخرَى وقَعَدَ على مَقعَدَتِهِ.\n\n٢٨١١ - ورواه شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ عن اللَّيثِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ فقالَ في مَتنِه: فإذا جَلَسَ في الأولَيَينِ جَلَسَ على قَدَمِه اليُسرَى ونَصَبَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى، وإذا جَلَسَ في الآخِرَةِ جَلَسَ على أليَتَيه وجَعَلَ بَطنَ قَدَمِه اليُسرَى عندَ مأْبِضِ (^١) فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ونَصَبَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى. أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا شَبَابَةُ، حدَّثَنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. فذكَره، إلا أنَّه أسقَطَ مِن إسنادِه ابنَ حَلحَلَةَ.\n\n٢٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ وعَبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلْحَلَةَ الدُّؤَلِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَعَدَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ قَعَدَ على بَطنِ قَدَمِه اليُسرَى ونَصَبَ اليُمنَى، فإذا كانَتِ الرَّابِعَةُ أفضَى بوَرِكِه اليُسرَى إلى الأرضِ، وأخرَجَ قَدَمَيه مِن ناحيَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المأبض: باطن الركبة. ينظر الفائق ١/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٥٨ من طريق ابن وهب به. ولم يذكر محمد بن عمرو بن حلحلة.","vol":"3","page":621},{"text":"٢٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِى فُلَيحٌ، أخبرَنِى عَبَّاسُ بنُ سَهلٍ قال: اجتَمَعَ أبو حُمَيدٍ وأبو أُسَيدٍ وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، فذَكَروا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ قال فيه: ثم جَلَسَ فافتَرَشَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، وأقبَلَ بصَدرِ اليُمنَى على قِبلَتِه، ووَضَعَ كَفَّه اليُمنَى على رُكبَتِه اليُمنَى، وكَفَّه اليُسرَى على رُكبَتِه اليُسرَى، وأشارَ بإصبَعِه (^١).\nوهَذا في التَّشَهُّدِ الأوَّلِ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِه ذِكرُ التَّشَهُّدِ الأخيرِ.\n\n٢٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ في عَشَرَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ، قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: أنا أعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: حَتَّى إذا كان في السَّجدَةِ الَّتِى فيها التَّسليمُ أخَّرَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، فقَعَدَ مُتَوَرِّكًا على شِقِّه الأيسَرِ. فقالوا جَميعًا: صَدَقَ، هَكَذا كان يُصَلِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nوهَذا في التَّشَهُّدِ الأخيرِ نَصًّا، ولَيسَ في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ كَيفيَّةُ الجُلوسِ في التَّشَهُّدِ الأوَّلِ، وقَد حَفِظَهُما جَميعًا ابنُ حَلحَلَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو على ما\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٥، ٢٥٨٥، ٢٧٣٤).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٤، ٢٧٧١).","vol":"3","page":622},{"text":"مَضَى، وبِاللهِ التّوفيقُ.\nوأمّا حَديثُ أبى الجَوزاءِ عن عائشَةَ في صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: وكانَ يقولُ في رَكعَتَينِ التَّحيَّةَ، وكانَ يَفرِشُ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، ويَنصِبُ رِجلَه اليُمنَى، وكانَ يَنهَى عن عَقِبِ الشَّيطانِ (^١). وحَديثُ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ في صَلاةِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: ثم جَلَسَ فافتَرَشَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى (^٢). فأَحَدُهُما وارِدٌ في التَّشَهُّدِ الآخِرِ، والثّانِى وارِدٌ في التَّشَهُّدِ الأوَّلِ، بالاستِدلالِ بحَديثِ أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ وأصحابِهِ.\n\n٢٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدٌ، يَعنيانِ ابنَ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىَّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن عبدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه أخبرَه، أنَّه كان يَرَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ يَتَرَبَّعُ في الصَّلاةِ إذا جَلَسَ، ففَعَلتُه وأنا يَومَئذٍ حَديثُ السِّنِّ، فنَهانِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ وقال: إنَّما سُنَّةُ الصَّلاةِ أن تَنصِبَ رِجلَكَ اليُمنَى وتَثنِىَ اليُسرَى. فقُلتُ: إنَّكَ تَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: إنَّ رِجليَّ لا تَحمِلانِى (^٤). رواه البُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالِكٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٨٧، ٢٧٤٢، ٢٧٨٥). وسيأتي في (٢٨٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٥٥٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبيد\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٨٩، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٩٥٨).\n(^٥) البخاري (٨٢٧).","vol":"3","page":623},{"text":"٢٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه قال: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ فى الصَّلاةِ أن تُضجِعَ رِجلَكَ اليُسرَى وتَنصِبَ اليُمنَى (^١).\n\n٢٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ كان إذا جَلَسَ في التَّشَهُّدِ نَصَبَ رِجلَه اليُمنَى، وثَنَى رِجلَه اليُسرَى، وجَلَسَ على وَرِكِه اليُسرَى، ولم يَجلِسْ على قَدَمَيه، ثم قال: أرانِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، وحَدَّثَنِى أنَّ أباه كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-634>بابُ كَيفَ يَضَعُ يَدَيه على فخِذَيه، والإشارَةِ بالمُسَبِّحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّراجُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو موسَى يَعنِى هارونَ بنَ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالِكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٥٩، ٩٦٠)، والنسائي (١١٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٦٧٨، ٦٧٩) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٩٠، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٩٦١).","vol":"3","page":624},{"text":"أنَسٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ المُعاوِىِّ قال: رآنِى ابنُ عمرَ وأنا أعبَثُ بالحَصَى، فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ نَهانِى وقالَ: اصنَعْ كما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ. قُلتُ: وكَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ؟ قال: كان إذا جَلَسَ في الصَّلاةِ وضَعَ كَفَّه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى وقَبَضَ أصابِعَه كُلَّها، وأشارَ بإصبَعِه الَّتِى تَلِى الإبهامَ ووَضَعَ كَفَّه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشافعىِّ. رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا جَلَسَ في الصَّلاةِ وضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه، ورَفَعَ إصبَعَه اليُمنَى الَّتِى تَلِى الإبهامَ فدَعا بها، ويَدُه اليُسرَى على رُكبَتِه باسِطَها عَلَيها (^٣). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ١١٦، ومالك ١/ ٨٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣١)، وأبو داود (٩٨٧)، والنسائي (١٢٦٦)، وابن حبان (١٩٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٨٠/ ١١٦).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٣٢٣٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٤٨)، والترمذي (٢٩٤)، والنسائي (١٢٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٩١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧١٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٨٠/ ١١٤).","vol":"3","page":625},{"text":"٢٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفَّانُ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيى، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عثمانَ اللاحِقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَعَدَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ويَدَه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، وعَقَدَ ثَلاثًا وخَمسينَ يَدعو (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ محمدٍ عن حَمَّادٍ إلا أنَّه قال: وعَقَدَ ثَلاثًا وخَمسينَ وأشارَ بالسَّبَّابَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى هو ابنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ هو ابنُ زيادٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرِ بنِ رِبعِيٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو هِشامٍ المَخزومِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدَّثَنا عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أَبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَعَدَ في الصَّلاةِ جَعَلَ قَدَمَه اليُسرَى بَينَ فخِذِه وساقِه، وفَرَشَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُسرَى على رُكبَتِه اليُسرَى، ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على ركبتِه اليُمنَى، وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِهِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٥٣) عن عفان به. والدارمى (١٣٧٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٨٠/ ١١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٦٩٦) من طريق عبد الواحد به.","vol":"3","page":626},{"text":"حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ: ووَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على رُكبَتِه اليُمنَى، وأَشارَ بإِصبَعٍ واحِدَةٍ. رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بن مَعمَرِ بنِ رِبعِىٍّ (^١).\n\n٢٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ قالا: حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أَبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَعَدَ يَدعو وضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ويَدَه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه السَّبّابَةِ، ووَضَعَ إِبهامَه على إِصبَعِه الوُسطَى ويُلقِمُ كَفَّه اليُسرَى رُكبَتَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى خالِدٍ الأحمَرِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ: كان إذا قَعَدَ في الصَّلاةِ وضَعَ يَدَه على رُكبَتِه وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِهِ (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وعَن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا في كِتابِ \"الدعوات\" عن أبي صالِحٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - رأى سَعدًا يَدعو بإِصبَعَيه في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"أَحِّدْ أَحِّدْ\" (^٤). ورُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٧٩/ ١١٢).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة ٣/ ٥٤٩ (٨٥١٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٤٣)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٤٩، ٣٥٠ من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به. وسيأتي من طريق زياد ويحيى في (٢٨٢٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٩/ ١١٣).\n(^٤) الدعوات الكبير (٢٦٤).","vol":"3","page":627},{"text":"آخَرَ مَوصولًا في الدُّعاءِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-635>بابُ ما رُوِى في تَحليقِ الوُسطَى بالإِبهامِ</span>\n\n٢٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فكَبَّرَ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى حاذَى بهِما أُذُنَيه، وأَخَذَ شِمالَه بيَمينِه، فلَمّا أَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَمّا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَمّا سَجَدَ وضَعَ يَدَيه فسَجَدَ بَينَهُما، ثم جَلَسَ فوَضَعَ يَدَه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، ومِرفَقَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ثم عَقَدَ الخِنصَرَ والبِنصَرَ، ثم حَلَّقَ الوُسطَى بالإِبهامِ، وأَشارَ بالسَّبّابَةِ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رواه جَماعَةٌ عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ.\nونَحنُ نُجيزُه، ونَخَتارُ ما رُوّينا في حَديثِ ابنِ عمرَ، ثم ما رُوّينا في حَديثِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ؛ لِثُبوتِ خَبَرِهِما، وقوَّةِ إِسنادِه، ومَزيَّةِ رِجالِه، ورَجاحَتِهِم في الفَضلِ على عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) الدعوات الكبير (٢٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٣٩)، والترمذي (٣٥٥٧)، والنسائي (١٢٧١) من طريق أبى صالح عن أبي هريرة.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٣٨، ٢٣٣٩).","vol":"3","page":628},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-636>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ الإشارَةِ بالمُسَبِّحَةِ</span>\n\n٢٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِيُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدَّثَنا عِصامُ بنُ قُدامَةَ البَجَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ الخُزاعِىُّ مِن أَهلِ البَصرَةِ، أَنَّ أَباه حدَّثه، أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدًا في الصَّلاةِ واضِعًا ذِراعَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، رافِعًا إِصبَعَه السَّبّابَةَ قَد أَحناها شَيئًا وهو يَدعو (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-637>بابُ مَن رَوَى أنَّه أشارَ بها ولَم يُحَرِّكْها</span>\n\n٢٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي زيادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه ذكَر أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُشيرُ بإصبَعِه إذا دَعا لا يُحَرِّكُها. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: ورأيتُ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عامِرٌ، عن أَبيه، أنَّه رأى النبيَّ - ﷺ - يَدعو كَذَلِكَ، يَتَحامَلُ النبيُّ - ﷺ - بيَدِه اليُسرى على فخِذِه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٢٧٣) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وأحمد (١٥٨٦٦)، وأبو داود (٩٩١)، وابن ماجه (٩١١)، وابن خزيمة (٧١٦) من طريق عصام به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٨٩)، والنسائي (١٢٦٩) من طريق حجاج به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٠٨): شاذ بقوله: ولا يحركها. وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٨٢٢) من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر والليث.","vol":"3","page":629},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه مُبَشِّرُ بنُ مُكَسِّرٍ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (^١). ورُوِى عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ كما:\n\n٢٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبى، أَنَّ وائلَ بنَ حُجرٍ أخبرَه قال: قُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ إلى صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر الحديثَ، وقالَ فيه: ثم قَعَدَ فافتَرَشَ رِجلَه اليُسرَى، ووَضَعَ كَفَّه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه ورُكبَتِه اليُسرَى، وجَعَلَ حَدَّ مِرفَقِه الأيمَنِ عَلَى فخِذِه اليُمنَى، ثم قَبَضَ ثَلاثَةً مِن أَصابِعِه، وحَلَّقَ حَلْقَةً، ثم رَفَعَ إِصبَعَه فرأيتُه يُحَرِّكُها يَدعو بها (^٢).\nفيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بالتَّحريكِ الإشارَةَ بها لا تَكريرَ تَحريكِها، فيَكونُ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، واللهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٨٢٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الشافعيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدَّثَنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا كَثيرُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحريكُ الإِصبَعِ في الصَّلاةِ مَذعَرَةٌ (^٣) لِلشَّيطانِ\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ عمرَ الواقِدِىُّ، ولَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٧٨: روى نحوه أبو العميس عن عامر بن عبد الله فقال: عن عمرو بن سليم عن أبي قتادة. والأول أرجح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧٠)، وأبو داود (٧٢٧)، والنسائي (١٢٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٠، ٧١٤)، وابن حبان (١٨٦٠) من طريق زائدة به، وقال ابن خزيمة: ليس في شيء من الأخبار \"يحركها\" إلا في هذا الخبر، زائدة ذكره. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٦٧).\n(^٣) مذعرة: مخوفة. فيض القدير ٣/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الرويانى (١٤٣٩)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٤٧ من طريق الواقدى به.","vol":"3","page":630},{"text":"بالقَوِىِّ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: تَحريكُ الرَّجُلِ إِصبَعَه في الجُلوسِ في الصَّلاةِ مَقمَعَةٌ لِلشَّيطانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-638>بابُ الإشارَةِ بالمُسَبَّحَةِ إلى القِبلَةِ</span>\n\n٢٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه رأى رجلًا يُحَرِّكُ الحَصا بيَدِه وهو في الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال له عبدُ اللَّهِ: لا تُحَرِّكِ الحَصا وأَنتَ في الصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، ولَكِنِ اصنَعْ كما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ. قال: وكَيفَ؟ قال: فوَضَعَ يَدَه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه، وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه الَّتِي تَلِي الإبهامَ في القِبلَةِ، ورَمَى ببَصَرِه إِلَيها أَو نَحوَها. ثم قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-639>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في أَن لا يُجاوِزَ بَصَرُه إشارَتَه</span>\n\n٢٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٥٧٨: بل مجمع على تركه. أهـ. وتقدم في (١٦٣).\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٨٣٦).\n(^٣) حديث على بن حجر عن إسماعيل بن جعفر (٤٤٣)، ومن طريقه النسائي (١١٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧١٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٤٧). وتقدم من وجه آخر في (٢٨١٩).","vol":"3","page":631},{"text":"بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا جَلَسَ في الصَّلاةِ وضَعَ كَفَّه اليُسرَى على فخِذِه اليُسرَى، وكَفَّه اليُمنَى على فخِذِه اليُمنَى، وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه السَّبّابَةِ لا يُجاوِزُ بَصَرُه إِشارَتَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-640>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ هذا سُنَّةُ اليَدَينِ في التَّشَهُّدَينِ جَميعًا</span>\n\n٢٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أَبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا جَلَسَ في ثِنتَينِ أَو في أَربَعٍ، وضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه، ثم أَشارَ بإِصبَعِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-641>بابُ ما يَنوِى المُشيُر بإشارَتِه في التَّشَهُّدِ</span>\n\n٢٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو الأصبَغِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أَنَسٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ أبى القاسِمِ قال: حدَّثَنى رجلٌ مِن أَهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ خُفافِ بنِ إيماءِ بنِ رَحَضَةَ، فرآنِى أُشيرُ بإصبَعِى في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٠٠/ ٢)، وأبو داود (٩٩٠)، والنسائي (١٢٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٧١٨)، وابن حبان (١٩٤٤) من طريق يحيى به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٧٤): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١١٦٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"3","page":632},{"text":"الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: ابنَ أَخِى لِمَ تَفعَلُ هَذا؟ قُلتُ: إِنِّى رأيتُ خيارَ النّاسِ وفُقَهاءَهُم يَفعَلونَه. قال: قَد أَصَبتَ، رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُشيرُ بإصبَعِه إذا جَلَسَ يَتَشَهَّدُ في صَلاتِه، وكانَ المُشرِكونَ يَقولونَ: إنَّما يَسحَرُنا. وإِنَّما يُريدُ النبيُّ - ﷺ - التَّوحيدَ.\n\n٢٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ قال (^١): أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ حامِدُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنى عِمرانُ بنُ أبى أَنَسٍ أَحَدُ بنى عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَىٍّ وكانَ ثِقَةً، عن أبي القاسِمِ مِقسَمٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ قال: حدَّثَنى رجلٌ مِن أَهلِ المَدينةِ قال: صَلَّيتُ في مَسجِدِ بنى غِفارٍ. فذكَر جُلوسَه قال: ووَضَعتُ يَدِى اليُسرَى على فخِذِى اليُسرَى، ووَضَعتُ يَدِى اليُمنَى على فخِذِى اليُمنَى، ونَصَبتُ إِصبَعِى السَّبّابَةَ. قال: فرآنِى خُفافُ بنُ إيماءِ بنِ رَحَضَةَ الغِفارِيُّ، وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأَنا أَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ. قال: فلَمّا انصَرَفتُ مِن صَلاتِى قال لِى: لِمَ نَصَبتَ إِصبَعَكَ هَكَذا؟ قال: فقُلتُ له: رأيتُ النّاسَ يَصنَعونَ ذَلِكَ. قال: فإِنَّكَ قَد أَصَبتَ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا صَلَّى يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ، وكانَ المُشرِكونَ يَقولونَ: إنَّما يَصنَعُ هذا محمدٌ بإِصبَعِه ليَسحَرَ. وكَذَبوا، إنَّما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ لِمَا يوَحِّدُ بها رَبَّه ﵎ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عاليا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٧٢) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به، وقل الذهبي ٢/ ٥٧٩: راويه مجهول.","vol":"3","page":633},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن العَيزارِ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن الرَّجُلِ يَدعو يُشيرُ بإصبَعِه، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: هو الإخلاصُ.\n\n٢٨٣٤ - ورواه الثَّورِىُّ فى \"الجامع\" عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن التَّميمِىِّ وهو أَربَدَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: هو الإِخلاصُ (^١).\n\n٢٨٣٥ - وعَن أَبانِ بنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: ذَلِكَ التَّضَرُّعُ.\n\n٢٨٣٦ - وعَن عثمانَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: مَقمَعَةٌ لِلشَّيطانِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ.\n\n٢٨٣٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسن بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى سليمانُ ابنُ بلالٍ، عن عباسِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أَخيه إِبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- قال: \"هَكَذا الإخلاصُ\". يُشير بإصبَعِه الَّتِى تَلِى الإبهامَ: \"وهَذا الدُّعاءُ\". فرَفَعَ يَدَيه حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه: \"وهَذا الابتِهالُ\". فرَفَعَ يَدَيه مَدًّا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٢٤٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٥٠٦) من طريق الثورى به. وأحمد (٣١٥٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٢٤٥) عن الثورى به، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٥٠٨، ٣٠١٨٨) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٢٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٩١) من طريق عباس بن عبد اللَّه بن معبد به، وقال الذهبى: تابعه الدراوردى وابن عيينة مختصرًا، ورواه وهيب عن العباس بن عبد اللَّه بن معبد فقال: عن =","vol":"3","page":634},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-642>بابُ سُنَّةِ التَّشَهُّد فى الرَّكعَتَيِن الأولَيَيِن</span>\n\n٢٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبى الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-. فذكَر الحديثَ فى صَلاةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: فكانَ يقولُ بَينَ كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ التَّحيَّةَ (^١). مُخَرَّجٌ فى \"كتابِ مسلمٍ\" مِن حَديثِ حُسَينِ بنِ ذَكوانَ المُعَلِّمِ إِلا أنَّه قال: وكانَ يقولُ فى كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ التَّحيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عَمِّه رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-. فذكَر حَديثَ الصَّلاةِ وقالَ فيه: \"فإِذا أَنتَ قُمتَ فى صَلاِتكَ فكَبِّرِ اللَّهَ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ عَلَيكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\". وقالَ فيه: \"فإِذا جَلَستَ فى وسَطِ الصَّلاةِ فاطمَئنَّ، وافتَرِشْ فخِذَكَ اليُسرَى، ثم تَشَهَّدْ، ثم إذا قُمتَ فمِثلُ ذَلِك، حَتَّى تَفرُغَ مِن صَلاِتكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n= عكرمة عن ابن عباس قوله. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٢٣).\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢٥٨٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩٨/ ٤٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٦٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥٩٧، ٦٣٨) عن مؤمل به.","vol":"3","page":635},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-643>بابُ قَدرِ الجُلوسِ فى الرَّكعَتَيِن الأولَيَيِن</span>\n\n٢٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إِبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أَبيه، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن أَبيه عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا كان فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ كأنَّما يَكونُ على الرَّضْفِ (^١). قال: قُلتُ: حَتَّى يَقومَ؟ قال: حَتَّى يَقومَ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ. فذكَره بمَعناه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحجَّاج عن سَعدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-644>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ القُعودَ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ الأَوَّلِ لَيسَ بواجِبٍ</span>\n\n٢٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) الرضف: الحجارة المحماة بالشمس أو النار. التاج ٢٣/ ٣٤٧ (ر ض ف).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٩٠)، والنسائى (١١٧٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) الشافعى ١/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩٥)، والترمذى (٣٦٦) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث حسن، إلا أن أبا عبيدة لم يسمع من أبيه. وقال ابن حجر فى التلخيص ١/ ٢٦٣: منقطع؛ لأن أبا عبيدة لم يسمع من أبيه. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١١).","vol":"3","page":636},{"text":"شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرىِّ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ مَولَى بنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ بُحَينَةَ بنِ أَزدِ شَنوءَةَ، وهو حَليفٌ لِبَنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ (^١) ابنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وكانَ مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أخبرَه أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِم صَلاةَ الظُّهرِ، فقامَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ فلَم يَجلِسْ، وقامَ النّاسُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى إذا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ وانتَظَرَ النّاسُ تَسليمَه كَبَّرَ وهو جالِسٌ، فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ قَبلَ أَن يُسَلِّمَ ثم سَلَّمَ (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٤٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ، حدَّثَنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ سليمانَ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ فلَم يَجلِسْ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهو (^٤). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قال الإمام النووى: كذا هو فى نسخ صحيح البخارى ومسلم، والذى ذكره ابن سعد وغيره من أهل السير والتواريخ أنه حليف بنى المطلب، وكان جده حالف المطلب بن عبد مناف. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ٥٩، وينظر طبقات ابن سعد ٤/ ٣٤٢، والإصابة ٦/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٣٥) من طريق شعيب به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٩٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٢٩)، ومسلم (٥٧٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩١٩)، والنسائى (١١٧٦، ١٢٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٩، ١٠٣١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٢٥)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٧).","vol":"3","page":637},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-645>بابُ التَّكبيِر عندَ القيامِ مِنَ الثِّنتَينِ بَعدَ الجُلوسِ</span>\n\n٢٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قال: حدَّثنى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ. فذكَر الحديثَ قال: ثم يُكَبِّرُ حينَ يَقومُ مِنَ الثِّنتَينِ بَعدَ الجُلوسِ (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن مُطَرَّفٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ أَنا وعِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ خَلفَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، وكانَ إذا سَجَدَ كَبَّرَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه كَبَّرَ، وإِذا نَهَضَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ كَبَّرَ، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ أَخَذَ عِمرانُ بيَدِى فقالَ: لَقَد ذَكَّرَنِى هذا مِثلَ صَلاةِ محمدٍ -ﷺ-. أَو: لَقَد صَلَّى بنا هذا مِثلَ صَلاةِ محمدٍ -ﷺ-. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٠٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٩٢).","vol":"3","page":638},{"text":"حَديثِ سليمانَ: فلَمّا انصَرَفنا أَخَذَ عِمرانُ بيَدِى (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-646>بابُ الاعتِمادِ بيَدَيه على الأرضِ إذا نَهَضَ، قياسًا على ما رُوّينا فى النُّهوضِ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى</span>\n\n٢٨٤٦ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ قال: كان مالِكُ بنُ الحُوَيرِثِ يأتينا فيَقولُ: أَلا أُحَدِّثُكُم عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فيُصَلِّى فى غَيرِ وقتِ صَلاةٍ، فإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الثّانيَةِ فى أَوَّلِ رَكعَةٍ، استَوَى قاعِدًا واعتَمَدَ على الأرضِ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ (^٤) البَغدادِىُّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا كامِلُ بن طَلحَةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ سَلَمةَ، عن الأزرَقِ بن قَيسٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ إذا قامَ مَن الرَّكعَتَين اعتَمدَ على الأرض بيَدَيهِ. فقُلتُ لِوَلَدِه ولجُلَسائه: لعلَّه يَفعَلُ هذا من\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٥٢) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به، والنسائى (١٠٨٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٢٦)، ومسلم (٣٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١١٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٨٧) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"بن\"، وأشار فى حاشية س أن هذا اللفظ ساقط من نسخة، وقد تقدم فى (٨١٥، ٢٠٩٥).","vol":"3","page":639},{"text":"الكِبَرِ؟ قالوا: لا، ولَكِن هذا يَكونُ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يَعتَمِدُ على يَدَيه إذا نَهَضَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ كان يَفعَلُ الحسنُ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٤٨ - وأمَّا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّدابادىُّ إِملاءً، حدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا معمَّرٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يعتَمِدَ الرَّجُلُ على يَدِه فى الصَّلاةِ (^٤)\n\n٢٨٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَبُّويَه ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّد بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الغَزّالُ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه نَحوَه وقالَ: فى لَفظِ حَديثِ ابنِ شَبُّويه: نَهَى أَن يَعتَمِدَ الرَّجُلُ على يَدِه فى الصَّلاةِ. وقالَ ابنُ رافِعٍ: نَهَى أَن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ وهو مُعتَمِدٌ على يَدِهِ. وقالَ ابنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ: نَهَى أَن يَعتَمِدَ الرَّجُلُ على يَدَيه إذا نَهَضَ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٥). فهَذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٠١٤) من طريق حماد به مختصرًا. وفى المهذب للذهبى ٢/ ١٥٨١: هكذا يكون. مكان: هذا يكون.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٩٦٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٠١٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٩٦٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٠٠٨، ٤٠٠٩، ٤٠١٢، ٤٠١٣، ٤٠١٨).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٠٥٤).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٩٩٢). وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١٠): صحيح إلا لفظ ابن عبد الملك فإنه منكر.","vol":"3","page":640},{"text":"حَديثٌ قَدِ اختُلِفَ فى مَتنِه على عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ. وقَد رواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ كما:\n\n٢٨٥٠ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه وقالَ فى مَتنِ الحَديثِ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا جَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ فى الصَّلاةِ أَن يَعتَمِدَ على يَدِه اليُسرَى. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أحمدَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَن يَجلِسَ الرَّجُلُ فى الصَّلاةِ وهو مُعتَمِدٌ على يَدِهِ (^١). وهَذا أَبيَنُ الرِّواياتِ، ورِوايَةُ غَيرِ ابنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ لا تُخالِفُه وإِن كان أَبيَنَ مِنها، ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ وهْمٌ، والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على أَنَّ رِوايَةَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ هِىَ المُرادُ بالحَديثِ أَنَّ هِشامَ بنَ يوسُفَ رواه عن مَعمَرٍ كَذَلِكَ:\n\n٢٨٥١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أَيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن إِسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى رجلًا وهو جالِسٌ مُعتَمِدًا على يَدِه اليُسرَى فى الصَّلاةِ وقالَ: \"إنَّها صَلاةُ اليَهودِ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٧٠، ٨٧١)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٠، وأبو داود (٩٩٢)، وأحمد (٦٣٤٧). ولفظه: وهو يعتمد على يديه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧١، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٨٢: هذا إسناد قوى.","vol":"3","page":641},{"text":"٢٨٥٢ - والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على هذا أَيضًا ما أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ (^١) اللَّه الحُرْفِىُّ (^٢) ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يقولُ: رأى عبدُ اللَّه رجلًا يُصَلِّى ساقِطًا على رُكبَتَيه مُتَّكِئًا على يَدِه اليُسرَى فقالَ: لا تُصَلِّ هَكَذا، إنَّما يَجلِسُ هَكَذا الَّذينَ يُعَذَّبونَ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى شَيبَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّة فى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ إذا نَهَضَ الرَّجُلُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ ألا يَعتَمِدَ بيَدَيه على الأرضِ إِلا أَن يَكونَ شيخًا كبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ (^٤).\nأبو شَيبَةَ هذا هو عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إِسحاقَ الواسِطىُّ القُرَشِىُّ، جَرَحه (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُهُما، يَرويه تارَةً هَكَذا، وتارَةً عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عَلِىٍّ:\n\n٢٨٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"عبيد\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"المحروتى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩٤) من طريق هشام به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٨٢: موقوف صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٠١٦) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"أخرجه\". والمثبت هو الصواب، فقد ضعف الإمام أحمد ويحيى بن معين أبا شيبة هذا، قال الإمام أحمد: ليس بشئ، منكر الحديث. وقال يحيى بن معين: ضعيف ليس بشئ. وكذا ضعفه غير واحد من أهل العلم. وتقدم فى (٢٣٧٦).","vol":"3","page":642},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن علىٍّ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ ألا تَعتَمِدَ على يَدَيكَ حينَ تُريدُ أَن تقومَ بَعدَ القُعودِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-647>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ عندَ القيامِ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَيِن</span>\n\n٢٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إِبراهيمَ الحِيرِىُّ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ بشرِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا دَخَلَ فى الصَّلاةِ كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا رَكَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّه لِمَن حَمِدَه. رَفَعَ يَدَيه، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ رَفَعَ يَدَيهِ، ورَفَعَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عمرَ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عَيَّاشٍ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٤). وعَبدُ الأعلَى يَنفَرِدُ برَفعِه إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهو ثِقَةٌ.\nوقَد روِى ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ:\n\n٢٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) محمدُ بنِ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٤/ ١٦١٤.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الجيزى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى رفع اليدين (١٠٣)، وأبو داود (٧٤١) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٣٩).\n(^٥) فى م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"3","page":643},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو ابنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، ثم رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه، ثم يقولُ: \"اللَّهُ أَكبَرُ\". وإِذا رَكَعَ كَبَّرَ حينَ يَركَعُ ويَرفَعُ يَدَيه، ثم عَدَلَ صُلبَه فلَم يُصَوِّبْه ولَم يُقنِعْه، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه\". ثم رَفعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحَاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه، ثم اعتَدَلَ حَتَّى جاءَ كُلُّ عُضوٍ إلى مَوضِعِه مُعتَدِلًا، ثم يَفعَلُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى إذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَين كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه كما صَنَعَ فى ابتِداءِ الصَّلاةِ، حَتَّى إذا كانَتِ السَّجدَةُ الَّتِى تكونُ حِلَّةَ الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ رأسَه فيها، وقَعَدَ مُتَوَرِّكًا (^١).\n\n٢٨٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: حدَّثنى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىَّ فى عَشَرَةٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ الحارِثُ بنُ رِبعِىٍّ، فقالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: أَنا أَعلَمُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر الحديثَ وذكَر فيه: رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ بهِما مَنكِبَيه إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ، وعِندَ الرُّكوعِ، وعِندَ رَفعِ الرّأسِ مِنه. قال: ثم إذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُحاذِىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٠٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٧٠) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٥٤).","vol":"3","page":644},{"text":"بهِما مَنكِبَيه كما فعَلَ إِذ كَبَّرَ عندَ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ، ثم صَنَعَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ فى بَقيَّةِ صَلاتِهِ (^١). ورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٢٨٥٨ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَضلِ الهاشِمِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قامَ إلى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَدْوَ مَنكِبَيه، ويَصنَعُه إذا قَضى قراءتَه وأَرادَ أَن يَركَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ فعَلَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ولا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه فى شَئٍ مِن صَلاتِه وهو قاعِدٌ، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ السَّجدَتَينِ كَبَّرَ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه كَذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-648>بابُ مُبتَدأَ فرضِ التَّشَهُّدِ</span>\n\n٢٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَليلُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البُستِىُّ القاضِى (^٣) -قَدِمَ عَلَينا بنَيسابورَ حاجًّا-\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٣٣٦، ٢٥٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٧)، وأبو داود (٧٤٤، ٧٦١)، والترمذى (٣٤٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٨٦٤) من طريق سليمان بن داود به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وتقدم فى (٢٥٦٠).\n(^٣) قال عبد الغافر: جليل مشهور فاضل. سمع من القاضى أبى سعيد الخليل بن أحمد السجزى. المنتخب من السياق (٦٦٣)، تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢٢٣.","vol":"3","page":645},{"text":"حَدَّثَنا أَبُو العباسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ المُظَفَّرِ البَكْرِىُّ، أَخبرَنا ابنُ أَبِى خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: كُنَّا إِذَا صَلَّيْنَا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قُلنَا: السَّلَامُ عَلَى اللَّهِ دُونَ عِبَادِهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَى جِبْرِيلَ وميكائيلَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ وَفُلَانٍ. فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فَقَالَ: \"إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ السَّلَامُ، إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فليَقُل: التَّحيّاتُ لِلَّهِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النبىُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَينا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ -فَإِنَّكُمْ إِذَا قُلْتُمُوهَا أَصَابَتْ كُلَّ عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ لِلَّهِ فِى السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ- أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ\" (^١). رَوَاهُ البُخَارِىُّ فِى \"الصحيح\" عَنْ أَبِى نُعَيْمٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِى مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٦٠ - أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ إِملاءً، حدَّثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللَّه المَخزومِىُّ سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ ومَنصورٍ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سَلَمةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كُنا نَقولُ قَبلَ أَن يُفرَضَ التَّشَهُّدُ: السَّلامُ على اللَّه، السَّلامُ على جِبريلَ وميكائيلَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقولوا هَكَذا؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ هو السَّلامُ، ولَكِن قولوا: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَة اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٠٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٣١)، ومسلم (٤٠٢/ ٥٨).","vol":"3","page":646},{"text":"وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصَّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّه، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^١). قال عَلِىٌّ: هذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n٢٨٦١ - حدَّثَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ (^٢) إِملاءً ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ قراءةً عَلَيهِما قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدَّثَنا سَيفُ بنُ سليمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا قال: حدَّثنى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سَخبَرَةَ أبو مَعمَرٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- التَّشَهُّدَ كَفِّى بَينَ كَفَّيه كما يُعَلِّمُنِى السّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ: \"التَّحيَّاتُ للَّه، والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\". وهو بَينَ ظَهرانَيهِم، فلَمّا قُبِضَ قُلنا: السَّلامُ على النَّبِىِّ (^٣). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبى بكرِ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٠. وأخرجه النسائى (١٢٧٦) من طريق أبى عبيد اللَّه المخزومى به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٩٩) من طريق الأعمش ومنصور به.\n(^٢) الظفر بن محمد بن أحمد بن زَبَّارة أبو منصور العلوى الحسينى النيسابورى السيد المسند، الرئيس المجاهد، قال عبد الغافر: خرج له الحاكم أبو عبد اللَّه الفوائد، وسمع الخلق منه، وكانت أصوله وسماعاته صحيحة، ثم احترق قصره بما فيه من الكتب فضاعت أصوله. توفى سنة (٤١٠ هـ).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٣٥)، والنسائى (١١٧٠) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٢٦٥)، ومسلم (٤٠٢/ ٥٩).","vol":"3","page":647},{"text":"وقَد روِى عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّشَهُّدِ:\n\n٢٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثنى أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى التَّشَهُّدِ: \"التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، [الصَّلَواتُ الطيِّباتُ] (^١)، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". قال: قال ابنُ عمرَ: زِدتُ فيها: وبَرَكاتُه، \"السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ\". قال ابنُ عمرَ: زِدتُ فيها: وحده لا شَريكَ له \"وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ. ورواه ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ فوَقَفَه، إِلا أنَّه رَدَّه إلى حَياةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: كُنّا نَقولُها فى حَياتِه، فلَمّا ماتَ قُلنا: السَّلامُ على النبىِّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه (^٣). وكانَ محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِىُّ يَرَى رِوايَةَ سَيفٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ هِىَ المَحفوظَةَ دونَ رِوايَةِ أبى بشرٍ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ. ورُوِى عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بابَىْ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤) إِلا أنَّه أَخَّرَ قَولَه: للَّهِ. وزادَ فى الأصلِ: وبَرَكاتُه (^٥). ورُوِى عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"والصلوات والطيبات\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٧١). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٥٧).\n(^٣) ذكره الترمذى فى العلل الكبير ص ٧١، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥١. قال الترمذى: وأوقفه ابن أبى عدى. وقال الدارقطنى: رفعه ابن أبى عدى. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٢٥.\n(^٤) بعده فى س: \"عنه\". وفى م: \"عنه كذا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٦٠) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن بابى به.","vol":"3","page":648},{"text":"زَيدٍ العَمِّىِّ عن أبى الصِّدّيقِ الناجِىِّ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن أبى بكرٍ الصدِّيقِ مُختَصرًا (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ رحِمه اللَّه تعالَى: وأَمّا ما:\n\n٢٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ وموسَى بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قَعَدَ الإمامُ فى آخِرِ رَكعَةٍ مِن صَلاِته، ثم أَحدَثَ قَبلَ أَن يَتَشَهَّدَ، فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُه\". فهوَ حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ. ورواه القَعنَبِىُّ عن الأفريقِىِّ كما:\n\n٢٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا تَمتامٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أنْعُمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ وبَكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا رَفَعَ الرَّجُلُ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجودِ فى آخِرِ صَلاِته، ثم أَحدَثَ قَبلَ أَن يُسَلِّمَ، فقَد جازَت صَلاتُه\" (^٢).\nوهَكَذا رواه العَدَنِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ عَنهُما: \"إذا جَلَسَ الإمامُ، ثم أَحدَثَ قَبلَ أَن يُسَلِّمَ، فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُه\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى فى العلل الكبير ص ٧٠، ٧١، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٦٤ من طريق زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦١٧)، والترمذى (٤٠٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زياد به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث إسناده ليس بذاك القوى، وقد اضطربوا فى إسناده.","vol":"3","page":649},{"text":"ورواه مُعاذُ بنُ الحَكَمِ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ وزادَ فيه: \"وقَضَى فيه تَشَهُّدَه\" (^١).\nوعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ هو الأفريقِىُّ، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى القَطّانُ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَل ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُهُم مِن أَئمَّةِ الحَديثِ (^٢)، وقَدِ اختُلِفَ عليه فيه، وهو بعِلَلِه مَذكورٌ فى \"كتاب الخلاف\" (^٣).\n\n٢٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمًا أبا النَّضرِ قال: سَمِعتُ حَمَلَةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يقولُ: لا تَجوزُ صَلاةٌ إِلا بتَشَهُّدٍ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ: لا صَلاةَ إِلا بتَشَهُّدٍ (^٥).\nفالَّذِى رُوِى عن عاصمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ مِن قَولِه: إذا جَلَسَ مِقدارَ التَّشَهُّدِ، ثم أَحدَثَ فقَد تَمَّت صلاتُه (^٦). لا يَصِحُّ. وعاصمُ بنُ ضَمْرَةَ غَيرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٤ من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٧٧٧).\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٢/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٣١ عن محمد بن بشار به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٠٨٠، ٣٦٨٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٨٩٧، ٨٨٩٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ٥/ ١٢٧، وفتح البارى لابن رجب ٧/ ٣٢٠، ٣٢١.\n(^٦) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٦٦، وعبد الرزاق (٣٦٨٦) من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"3","page":650},{"text":"مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^١).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ قال: قالَ: أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سألتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ عَمَّن تَرَكَ التَّشَهُدَ فقال: يُعيدُ. قُلتُ: فحَديثُ علىٍّ: مَن قَعَدَ مِقدارَ التَّشَهُّد. فقالَ: لا يَصِحُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-649>بابُ التَّشَهُّدِ الذى عَلَّمَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ابنَ عَمِّه عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ وأَقرانَه</span>\nولا شَكَّ فى كَونِه بَعدَ التَّشَهُّدِ الذى عَلَّمَه ابنَ مَسعودٍ وأَضرابَه.\n\n٢٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ (^٢) ابنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ النَّسائىُّ بمِصرَ. وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ إِملاءً، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ فِراسٍ المالِكِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو عِمرانَ البَزّازُ قالا: حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وطاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي اللَّه عليه وسلم- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ كما يُعَلِّمُنا القُرآنَ، وكانَ يقولُ: \"التَّحيّاتُ المُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيباتُ للَّهِ، سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ\n_________\n(^١) هو عاصم بن ضمرة السلولى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٨٢، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٤٥، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٢٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٩٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ٤٥، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٣٨٤: صدوق.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٥١.","vol":"3","page":651},{"text":"ورَحمَةُ اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، سَلامٌ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحينَ، أشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، رواه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، وقالَ فى لَفظِ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ: كما يُعَلِّمُنا السُّورة مِنَ القُرآنِ. وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-650>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه لا يَبدأُ بشَئٍ قَبلَ كَلِمَةِ التَّحيَّةِ</span>\n\n٢٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمد الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ هو الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن حِطّانَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أَنَّ أبا موسَى صَلَّى بالنَّاسِ، فلَمَّا قعَدَ قال رجلٌ: أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلاةُ بالبِرِّ والزَّكاةِ. قالَ: فلمَّا انصَرَفَ أبو موسَى قال: أَيُّكُمُ القائلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذا وكَذا؟ فأَرَمَّ القَومُ (^٣)، ثم قال: أَيّكُمُ القائلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذا وكَذا؟ فأَرَمَّ القَومُ، فقالَ أبو موسَى: يا حِطّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قائلُها؟ قُلتُ: واللَّهِ ما قُلتُها، ولَقَد خَشيتُ أَن تَبكَعَنِى (^٤) بها. فقامَ رجلٌ فقالَ: أَنا قائلُها، وما أَرَدتُ بها إِلا الخَيرَ. فقالَ أبو موسَى: أَما تَدرونَ كَيفَ تُصَلّونَ؟! إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَنا فعَلَّمَنا\n_________\n(^١) النسائى (١١٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٥)، وأبو داود (٩٧٤)، والترمذى (٢٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٧٠٥)، وابن حبان (١٩٥٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٠٣/ ٦٠، ٦١).\n(^٣) أرم القوم: سكتوا ولم يجيبوا. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٤) تبكعنى: تجبهنى أو تبكتنى أو نحو ذلك من الكلام، قال الأصمعى: يقال: بكعت الرجل بكعا، =","vol":"3","page":652},{"text":"صَلاتَنا، وبَيَّنَ لَنا سُنَّتَنا فقالَ: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم فأَقيموا صُفوفَكُم، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قال: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]. فقولوا: آمينَ. يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ، وإِذا كَبَّرَ ورَكَعَ فكَبِّروا واركَعوا؛ فإِنَّ الإِمامَ يُكَبِّرُ قَبلَكُم ويَرفَعُ قَبلَكُم\". فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فتِلكَ بتِلكَ، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. فإِذا كان عندَ القُعودِ فليَقُلْ أَوَّلَ ما يَتَكَلَّمُ به: التَّحيَّاتُ الطَّيِّباتُ الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّه، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^١). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إِسحاقَ بنِ راهُويه وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقاشِىِّ، أَنَّ الأشعَرِىَّ صَلَّى بأَصحابِه صَلاةً، فلمَّا جَلَسَ فى صَلاتِه قال رجلٌ خَلفَه: أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلاةُ بالبِرِّ والزَّكاةِ. فلَمّا قَضَى الأشعَرِىُّ صَلاتَه قال: أَيُّكُمُ القائلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذا وكَذا؟ فأَرَمَّ القَومُ، فقالَ لِى: يا حِطّانُ لَعَلَّكَ قُلتَها؟ قُلتُ: ما قُلتُها، ولَقَد رَهِبتُ أَن تَبكَعَنِى بها. قال الأشعَرِىُّ: أَما تَعلَمونَ ما تَقولونَ فى صَلاتِكُم؟! إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَنا فعَلَّمَنا سُنَّتَنا، وبَيَّنَ لَنا صَلاتَنا فقالَ: \"أَقيموا صُفوفَكُم، ثم ليَؤُمَّكُم أَحَدُكُم، فإِذا كَبَّرَ الإمامُ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قرأَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فقولو: آمينَ.\n_________\n= إذا استقبلته بما يكره. معالم السنن ١/ ٢٣٥.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٨٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٣٠٦٥). وعنه أحمد (١٩٥٠٤). وتقدم فى (٢٦٥٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٤/ ٤٠٤).","vol":"3","page":653},{"text":"يُجِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ، وِإذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، فإِنَّ الإمامَ يَركَعُ قَبلَكُم ويَرفَعُ قَبلَكُم\". قال نَبِىُّ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"فتِلكَ بتِلكَ، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. يَسمَعِ اللَّهُ لَكُم، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قال على لِسانِ نَبيِّه: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فإِذا كبَّرَ وسجَدَ فكَبِّروا واسجُدوا، فإِنَّ الإمامَ يَسجُدُ قَبلَكُم ويَرفَعُ قَبلَكُم\". قال نَبِىُّ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"فتِلكَ بتِلكَ، فإذا كان عندَ القعدةِ فليَكُنْ مِن أَوَّلِ قَولِ أَحَدِكُم: التَّحيّاتُ الطَّيِّباتُ الصَّلَواتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه، والسَّلامُ (^١) عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ وسَعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ وأَبِى عَوانَةَ عن قَتادَةَ بهَذا الَّلفظِ، إِلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قال على لِسانِ نَبيِّه: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". إِلا فى رِوايَةِ أبى عَوانَةَ، وذكَره أَيضًا فى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرزاقِ (^٣)، ولَيس فيما رُوّينا مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-651>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ أَو أَباحَ التَّسميَةَ قَبلَ التَّحيَّةِ</span>\n\n٢٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أَيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ: \"باسمِ اللَّهِ وبِاللَّه، التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى س، م. وعند الطيالسى \"السلام\" بدون واو.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٥١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٦٥)، وأبو د اود (٩٧٢)، والنسائى (١١٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٠١)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٨٤، ١٥٩٣)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٧) من طريق هشام به. وتقدم فى (٢٦٥٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٢، ٦٣).","vol":"3","page":654},{"text":"والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النَّبىُّ ورَحمَة اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، أَسأَلُ اللَّهَ الجَنَّةَ، وأَعوذُ به مِنَ النَّارِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٨٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أَيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ. فذكَره بمثلِه وزادَ: كما يُعَلِّمُنا السّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ وقالَ: \"التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ للَّهِ\". وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"نَسأَلُ اللَّهَ الجَنَّةَ، ونَعوذُ به مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أَيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ. قال أبو عيسَى: سألتُ البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحَديثِ فقالَ: هو خَطأٌ، والصَّوابُ ما رواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وطاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عَبّاسٍ. وهَكَذا رواه عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الرُّؤاسِىُّ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ مِثلَ ما رَوَى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٣).\nورُوِى فى إِحدَى الرِّوايَتينِ عن عمرَ وابنِ عمرَ وعائشَةَ.\nأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عمرَ:\n\n٢٨٧١ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٨٤٧). وأخرجه النسائى (١١٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٩٠٢) من طريق أيمن بن نابل به. وقال النسائى: لا نعلم أحدًا تابع أيمن على هذا الحديث وخالفه الليث فى إسناده، وأيمن لا بأس به، والحديث خطأ. وينظر فتح البارى لابن رجب ٧/ ٣٥١، ونصب الراية ١/ ٤٢١، والتلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٦٥، ٢٦٦، والتحديث بما قيل لا يصح فيه حديث ص ٦٠.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٨٧). وأخرجه النسائى (١٢٨٠) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٣) العلل الكبير ص ٧٢.","vol":"3","page":655},{"text":"إِسحاقَ الخُزاعِىُّ بمَكَّةَ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ كان يُعَلِّمُ النّاسَ التَّشَهُّدَ فى الصَّلاةِ، وهو يَخطُبُ الناسَ على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيَقولُ: \"إذا تَشَهُّدَ أَحَدُكُم فليَقُلْ: باسمِ اللَّهِ خَيرِ الأسماءِ، التَّحيّاتُ الزّاكياتُ الصَّلَوات الطَّيِّباتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وأَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\". قال عُمَرُ: ابدَءوا بأَنفُسِكُم بَعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وسَلِّموا على عِبادِ اللَّه الصّالِحينَ (^١).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ وهِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ عن عُروَةَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ عن عمرَ، وذكَر فيه التَّسميَةَ وزادَ وقَدَّمَ وأَخَّرَ. وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِن شاءَ اللَّه تَعالَى (^٢).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ عن ابنِ عمرَ:\n\n٢٨٧٢ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان يَتَشَهَّدُ فيَقولُ: باسمِ اللَّهِ، التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ والصَّلَواتُ الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عليك أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٢٨٧٧).","vol":"3","page":656},{"text":"وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصّالِحينَ، شَهِدتُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، شَهِدتُ أَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ. يقولُ هذا فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ، ويَدعو إذا قَضَى تَشَهُّدَه بما بَدا له، فإِذا جَلَسَ فى آخِرِ صَلاتِه تَشَهَّدَ كَذَلِكَ أَيضًا، إِلا أنَّه يُقَدِّمُ التَّشَهُّدَ، ثم يَدعو بما بَدا له، فإِذا قَضَى تَشَهُّدَه وأَرادَ أَن يُسَلِّمَ قال: السَّلامُ على النبىِّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عَبّادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحينَ. السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم على يَمينِه، ثم يَرُدُّ على الإمامِ، فإِن سَلَّمَ عليه أَحَدٌ عن يَسارِه رَدَّ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عائشَةَ:\n\n٢٨٧٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان يقولُ فى التَّشَهُّدِ فى الصَّلاةِ فى وسَطِها وفِى آخِرِها قَولًا واحِدًا: \"باسمِ اللَّهِ، التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، الصَّلَواتُ للَّهِ، الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصَّالِحينَ\" (^٢). ويَعُدُّ لَنا بيَدِه عَدَدَ العَرَبِ (^٣).\nورُوِى عن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ عن علىٍّ:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٩١. وأخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٩٥) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) ينظر التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٣) فى س: \"القرب\".","vol":"3","page":657},{"text":"٢٨٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ الفَقيهُ بنَيسايورَ وأبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن إِسرائيلَ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه كان إذا تَشَهَّدَ قال: باسمِ اللَّه.\nورُوِى عن وكيعٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبى إِسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ، أَنَّ عليًّا كان إذا تَشَهَّدَ قال: باسمِ اللَّه وباللَّهِ (^١). والحارِثُ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِهِ (^٢). والرِّوايَةُ المَوصولَةُ المَشهورَةُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروَةَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ القارِىِّ عن عمرَ لَيسَ فيها ذِكرُ التَّسميَةِ، وكَذَلِكَ الرِّوايَةُ الصَّحيحَةُ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسمِ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن القاسِمِ عن عائشَةَ لَيسَ فيها ذِكرُ التَّسميَةِ (^٣)، إِلا ما تَفَرَّدَ بها محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٤). وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيها عن ابنِ عمرَ فهِىَ وإِن كانَت صَحيحَةً، فيَحتَمِلُ أَن تكونَ زيادَةً مِن جِهَةِ ابنِ عمرَ، فقَد رُوِّينا عنه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- حَديثَ التَّشَهُّدِ لَيس فيه ذِكرُ التَّسميَةِ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nوقَد رَوَى ثابِتُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ، وهِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ عن أَبيه عن عائشَةَ، كِلاهُما عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّسميَةِ قَبلَ التَّحيَّةِ (^٥). وثابِتُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٩١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٢٧) عن وكيع به، بلفظ: باسم اللَّه خير الأسماء اسم اللَّه.\n(^٢) تقدم قبل (٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١١٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن ويحيى به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٨٨: ابن إسحاق لين.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٥٢١ من طريق ثابت بن زهير عن نافع وهشام بن عروة به.","vol":"3","page":658},{"text":"مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ ضَعيفٌ (^١). والصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفٌ كما رُوّينا.\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سمِع رجلًا يقولُ: باسمِ اللَّهِ، التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ. فانتَهَرَه.\n\n٢٨٧٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو إِسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُعشُمٍ، عن سُفيانَ هو الثورِىُّ، عن داودَ، عن أبى العاليَةِ قال: سمِع ابنُ عباسٍ رجلًا حينَ جَلَسَ فى الصَّلاةِ يقولُ: الحَمدُ للَّهِ. قَبلَ التَّشَهُّدِ، فانتَهَرَه وقالَ: ابدأْ بالتَّشَهُّدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٨٧٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ وأبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إِبراهيمَ، قال: قُلتُ لإِبراهيمَ: أَقولُ فى التَّشَهُّدِ: بسمِ اللَّه؟ قال: قُل: التَّحيّاتُ لِلَّهِ. قال: قُلتُ: أَقولُ: الحَمدُ لِلَّهِ؟ قال: قُل: التَّحيّاتُ لِلَّهِ. قال: وكانَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ إذا تَشَهَّدَ: الحمدُ للَّهِ باسمِ اللَّهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) هو ثابت بن زهير أبو زهير. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٥٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ص ١٦٢، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ١/ ١٧٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢٠٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٨٤، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٠٥٨) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٢٢) من طريق داود به.","vol":"3","page":659},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-652>بابُ مَن قَدَّمَ كَلِمَتَى الشَّهادَةِ على كَلِمَتَى التَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٢٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ، قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهاب الزُّهرىُّ وهِشامُ بنُ عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ كِلاهُما حدَّثنى عن عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ، وكانَ عامِلًا لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ على بَيتِ المالِ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ ابنَ الخَطّابِ يُعَلِّمُ الناسَ التَّشَهُّدَ فى الصَّلاةِ وهو على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: أَيُّها النّاسُ، إذا جَلَسَ احَدُكُم ليُسَلِّمَ مِن صَلاتِه أَو يَتَشَهَّدَ فى وسَطِها، فليَقُلْ: باسمِ اللَّهِ خَيرِ الأسماءِ، التَّحيّاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ المُبارَكاتُ للَّهِ، أَربَع، أَيُّها الناسُ، أَشهَدُ أن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، التَّشَهُّدُ أَيُّها الناسُ قَبلَ السَّلامِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، ولا يقولُ أَحَدُكُمُ: السَّلامُ على جِبريلَ، السَّلامُ على ميكائيلَ، السَّلامُ على مَلائكَةِ اللَّهِ. إذا قال: السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصَّالِحينَ. فقَد سَلَّمَ على كُلِّ عَبدٍ للَّهِ صالِحٍ فى السَّمواتِ أَو فى الأرضِ، ثم ليُسَلِّمْ. ولَم يَختَلِفْ حَديثُ ابنِ شِهابٍ ولا حَديثُ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ إِلا أَنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ قال: الزَّاكياتُ. وقالَ هِشامٌ: المُبارَكاتُ. قال ابنُ إِسحاقَ: ولا أُرَى إِلا أَنَّ هِشامًا كان أَحفَظَهُما لِلُزومِهِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ٣٤ عن محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"3","page":660},{"text":"قالَ الشيخُ: كَذا رواه محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، ورواه مالكٌ ومَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ شِهابِ لم يَذكُروا فيه التَّسميَةَ، وقَدَّموا كَلِمَتَى التَّسليمِ على كَلِمَتَى الشَّهادَةِ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إِسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبُو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أَنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَهُم عن عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ، أنَّه سمِع عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يُعَلِّمُ النّاسَ التَّشَهُّدَ على المِنبَرِ فيَقولُ: قولوا: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، الطَّيِّباتُ للَّهِ، الصَّلَواتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ، وفِى حَديثِ الشافعىِّ ﵀: سمِع عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يقولُ على المِنبَرِ وهو يُعَلِّمُ النّاسَ التَّشَهُّدَ. وقالَ: الطَّيِّباتُ الطيِّباتُ للَّهِ. والباقِى سَواءٌ.\n\n٢٨٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٩٠)، الشافعى فى الرسالة ص ٢٦٨، ومالك ١/ ٩٠.","vol":"3","page":661},{"text":"حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ قالَ: شَهِدتُ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ على المِنبَرِ يُعَلِّمُ النّاسَ التَّشَهُّدَ فقالَ: التَّحتاتُ للَّهِ، الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحينَ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه. قالَ مَعمَرٌ: كان الزُّهرِىُّ يأخُذُ به ويَقولُ: عَلَّمَه الناسَ على المِنبَرِ وأصحابُ رسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- مُتَوافِرونَ لا يُنكِرونَه. قال مَعمَرٌ: وأنا آخُذُ بهِ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد روِى فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن عائشَةَ تَقديمُ كَلِمَتَى الشَّهادَةِ:\n\n٢٨٨٠ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، ثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها كانَت تَقولُ إذا تَشَهَّدَت: التَّحيِّاتُ الطَّيِّباتُ، الصَّلَواتُ الزّاكياتُ للَّهِ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إِلا اللَّه وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وأشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم (^٢).\n\n٢٨٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمد، حدَّثَنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٠٦٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٠٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٩١.","vol":"3","page":662},{"text":"بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشَةَ بمثلِه إِلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: وحدَه لا شَريكَ لَه (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عائشَةَ تَقديمَ كَلِمَتَى التَّسليمِ:\n\n٢٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسنُ (^٢) بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرني يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: كانَت عائشَةُ تُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ وتُشيرُ بيَدِها تَقولُ: التَّحيّاتُ الطَّيِّباتُ الصَّلَواتُ الزّاكيّاتُ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ على النبىِّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عبادِ اللَّهِ الصالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ (^٣)، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه. ثم يَدعو الانسانُ لِنَفسِه بَعدُ.\nورُوِى عن محمدِ بنِ صالِحِ بنِ دينارٍ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ مَرفوعًا، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ:\n\n٢٨٨٣ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدَّثَنى صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ صالِحٍ التَّمّارُ، عن أَبيه، عن القاسِمِ قال: عَلَّمَتنِى عائشَةُ قالَت: هذا تَشَهُّدُ النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٩١.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الحسين\". وتقدم فى (٤٣٥).\n(^٣) بعده فى س: \"وحده\".","vol":"3","page":663},{"text":"ورَحمَةُ اللَّه وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عبادِ اللَّه الصَّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسوله\". قال محمدٌ: قُلتُ: باسمِ اللَّهِ. فقالَ القاسِمُ: باسمِ اللَّهِ كُلَّ ساعَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-653>بابُ التَّوَسُّعِ فى الأخذِ بجَميعِ ما رُوّينا فى التَّشَهُّدِ مُسنَدًا ومَوقوفًا، واختيارِ المُسنَدِ الزّائدِ على غَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٢٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذكَر حَديثَ عمرَ فى التَّشَهُّدِ كما مَضَى (^٢)، ثم قال: فكانَ هذا الذى عَلَّمَنا مَن سَبَقَنا بالعِلمِ مِن فُقَهائِنا صِغارًا، ثم سَمِعناه بإِسنادِه وسَمِعنا ما خالَفَه، فكانَ الذى نَذهَبُ إِلَيه أَنَّ عمرَ لا يُعَلِّمُ الناسَ على المِنبَرِ بَينَ ظَهرانَىْ أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إِلا على ما عَلَّمَهُمُ النبىُّ -ﷺ-، فلمَّا انتَهَى إِلَينا مِن حَديثِ أَصحابِنا حَديثٌ نُثبِتُه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- صِرنا إِلَيه، وكانَ أَولَى بنا. فذكَر حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ، فقالَ، يَعنى بَعضَ مَن كَلَّمَ الشَّافِعِىَّ فى ذَلِكَ: فإِنا نَرَى الرِّوايَةَ قَدِ اختَلَفَت فيه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فرَوَى ابنُ مَسعودٍ خِلافَ هذا، ورَوَى أبو موسَى وجابِرٌ (^٣)، وقَد يُخالِفُ بَعضُها بَعضًا فى شَئٍ مِن لَفظِه، ثم عَلَّمَ عُمَرُ خِلافَ هذا كُلِّه فى بَعضِ لَفظِه، وكَذَلِكَ تَشَهُّدُ عائشَةَ وابنِ عمرَ، وقَد يَزيدُ بعضُهم الشَّئ على بَعضٍ. قال الشافعىُّ: فقُلتُ: الأمرُ فى هذا بَيِّنٌ، كُلُّ كَلامٌ أُريدَ به\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١١٧ من طريق صالح التمار به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٧٨).\n(^٣) بعده فى الرسالة: \"خلاف هذا\".","vol":"3","page":664},{"text":"تَعظيمُ اللَّهِ ﷿ فعَلَّمَهُموه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فيَحفَظُه أَحَدُهُم على لَفظٍ، ويَحفَظُه الآخَرُ على لَفظٍ يُخالِفُه لا يَختَلِفانِ فى مَعنًى، فلعلَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أَجازَ لِكُلِّ امرِئٍ مِنهُم كما حَفِظَ، إِذ كان لا مَعنَى فيه يُحيلُ شَيئًا عن حُكمِه (^١).\nواستَدَلَّ على ذَلِكَ بحَديثِ حُروفِ القُرآنِ.\nقالَ الشافعىُّ ﵀: أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ هِشامَ بنَ حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ يَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الفُرقانِ\" على غَيرِ ما أَقرؤُها، وكانَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- أَقرأَنيها، فكِدتُ أَن أَعجَلَ عليه، ثم أَمهَلتُه حَتَّى انصَرَفَ، ثم لَبَّبتُه برِدائِه، فجِئتُ به إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّى سَمِعتُ هذا يَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الفُرقانِ\" على غَيرِ ما أَقرأتَنيها. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقرأْ\". فقَرأ القراءةَ الَّتِى سَمِعتُه يَقرأُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَكَذا أُنزِلَت\". ثم قال لى: \"اقرأْ\". فقَرأتُ فقالَ: \"هَكَذا أُنزِلَت، إن هذا القُرآنَ أُنزِلَ على سَبعَةِ أَحرُفٍ، فاقرَءوا ما تَيَسَّرَ مِنه\" (^٢). قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: فإِذا كان اللَّهُ برأفَتِه بخَلقِه أَنزَلَ كِتابَه على سَبعَةِ أَحرُفٍ، مَعرِفَةً مِنه بأَنَّ الحِفظَ قَد يَزِلُّ (^٣) ليُحِلَّ (^٤) لَهُم قراءتَه وإِنِ اختَلَفَ لَفظُهُم فيه -\n_________\n(^١) الرسالة ص ٢٦٨ - ٢٧٢.\n(^٢) الرسالة ص ٢٧٣.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"نزل\". والمثبت من مصدر التخريج.\n(^٤) فى س: \"لنجعل\"، وفى م: \"ليجعل\".","vol":"3","page":665},{"text":"كان ما سِوَى كِتابِ اللَّه أَولَى أَن يَجوزَ فيه اختِلافُ الَّلفظ ما لم يُحِلْ مَعناه (^١).\nقالَ الشافعىُّ (^٢) ﵀: ولَيسَ لأحَدٍ أَن يَعمِدَ أَن يَكُفَّ عن قراءةِ حَرفٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ إِلا بنِسيانٍ، وهَذا فى التَّشَهُّدِ وفِى جَميعِ الذِّكرِ أَخَفُ (^٣).\nوَقالَ مَن كَلَّمَ الشافعىُّ: كَيفَ صِرتَ إلى اختيارِ حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ فى التَّشَهُّدِ دونَ غَيرِهِ؟ قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: لَمَّا رأَيتُه واسِعًا، وسَمِعتُه عن ابنِ عباسٍ صَحيحًا، كان عِندِى أَجمَعَ وأَكثَرَ لَفظًا مِن غَيرِه، فأَخَذتُ به غَيرَ مُعَنِّفٍ لِمَن أَخَذَ بغَيرِه ما ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ: والثّابِتُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ذَلِكَ حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-654>بابُ السُّنَّةِ فى إِخفاءِ التّشَهُّدِ</span>\n\n٢٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمد بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أَبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أَن تُخفِىَ التَّشَهُّدَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الرسالة ص ٢٧٤.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الشيخ\".\n(^٣) اختلاف الحديث ص ٧١، ٧٢.\n(^٤) الرسالة ص ٢٧٦.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٧، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٨٦)، والترمذى (٢٩١)، وابن =","vol":"3","page":666},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ:\n\n٢٨٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدَّثَنا سَهلُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ البُخارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أَبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: مِن سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ أَن تُخفِىَ التَّشَهُّدَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-655>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّشَهُّدِ</span>\n\n٢٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نافِعٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأت على مالكٍ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُجْمِرِ، أَنَّ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِىَّ -وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ هو الذى كان أُرِىَ النِّداءَ بالصَّلاةِ- أخبرَه عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: أَتانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ فى مَجلِسِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، فقالَ له بَشيرُ بنُ سَعدٍ: أَمَرَنا اللَّهُ أَن نُصلِّىَ عَلَيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فكَيفَ نصَلِّى عَلَيكَ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى تَمَنَّينا أنَّه\n_________\n= خزيمة (٧٠٦) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"3","page":667},{"text":"لم يَسأَلْه، ثم قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قُولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ، فى العالَمينَ إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ. والسَّلامُ كما قَد عَلِمتُم\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى إِلا أنَّه قال: \"كما بارَكتَ على آلِ (^٢) إِبراهيمَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ وكَتَبتُه مِن أَصلِه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثنى أبى، عن ابنِ إِسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى فى الصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- إذا المَرءُ المُسلِمُ صلَّى عليه فى صَلاتِه، محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه، عن أبى مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو قال: أَقبَلَ رجل حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ عندَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أَمَّا السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ فقَد عَرَفناه، فكَيفَ نُصلِّى عَلَيكَ إذا نَحنُ صلَّينا عَلَيكَ فى صَلاتِنا، صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيكَ؟ قال: فصَمَتَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- حَتَّى أَحبَبنا أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ لم يَسأَلْه ثم قال:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٦٥، ١١٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٠٦٧، ٢٢٣٥٢)، والدارمى (١٣٨٢)، وأبو داود (٩٨٠)، والترمذى (٣٢٢٠)، والنسائى (١٢٨٤)، وابن حبان (١٩٥٨).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م. والمثبت من المهذب ٢/ ٥٩٢، وهو موافق لما عند مسلم.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٠٥/ ٦٥).","vol":"3","page":668},{"text":"\"إذا أَنتُم صَلَّيتُم عَلَىَّ فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ النبىِّ الأُمِّىِّ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إِبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ النبىِّ الأُمِّىِّ وعَلَى آلِ محمد، كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^١). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: هذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ بذِكرِ الصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلَواتِ.\n\n٢٨٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ. فذكَره بنَحوِه ثم قال عَلِىٌّ: هذا إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ مُتَّصِلٌ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد روِى عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنَحوهِ.\n\n٢٨٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ (^٣) بنُ الحسنِ ابنِ أحمدَ الأسَدِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ إيَّاسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا الحَكَمُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى يقولُ: لَقيَنِى كَعبُ بنُ عُجرَةَ فقالَ لِى: أَلا أُهدِى لَكَ هَديَّةً؟ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ عَلَينا فقُلنا له: يارسولَ اللَّهِ قَد عَلِمنا كَيفَ نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيكَ، فكَيفَ نُصَلِّى عَلَيكَ؟ فقالَ: \"قولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وابن خزيمة (٧١١)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٩٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٧٢) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأبو داود (٩٨١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٨٧٧) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٤، ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بن الحارث\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٥.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١٨٤.","vol":"3","page":669},{"text":"على إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ (^١)، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ وقالَ: \"كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ\" (^٣). وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ كَذَلِكَ (^٤).\nوقَولُه فى الحَديثِ: قَد عَلِمنا كَيفَ نُسَلِّمُ. إِشارَةٌ إلى السَّلامِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّشَهُّدِ، فقَولُه: فكَيفَ نُصَلِّى عَلَيكَ؟ أَيضًا يَكونُ المُرادُ به فى القُعودِ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ.\n\n٢٨٩١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إِسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثنى سَعدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، عن النبىِّ -صلي اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه كان يقولُ فى الصَّلاةِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ وآلِ إِبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ، كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ وآلِ إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية المطبوعة أنه فى النسخ المصرية والسندبة: \"على آل إبراهيم\". فى الموضعين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٠٥)، وأبو داود (٩٧٦، ٩٧٧)، والنسائى (١٢٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٩٠٤)، وابن حبان (٩١٢) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (٤٨٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبى ليلى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٥٧) وفيه: \"على آل إبراهيم\". فى الموضعين، وكذا ذكره الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٠٦/ ٦٦، ٦٧). وفيه: \"على آل إبراهيم\". فى الموضعين.\n(^٥) الشافعى ١/ ١١٧. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٩٣: إبراهيم واهٍ.","vol":"3","page":670},{"text":"٢٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَبّابٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هذا السَّلامُ، فكَيفَ نُصلِّى عَلَيكَ؟ قال: \"قولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ عَبدِكَ ورسولِكَ كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ (^١) كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ\" (^٢). وفِى هذا أَيضًا إِشارَةٌ إلى ما أَشارَ إِلَيه حَديثُ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، وقَد رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا حَيوَةُ، عن أبى هانئٍ، عن أبى علىٍّ عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأَى رجلًا صَلَّى لم يَحمَدِ اللَّه ولَم يُمَجِّدْه ولَم يُصَلِّ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- وانصَرَفَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"عَجِلَ هذا\". فدَعاه فقالَ له ولِغَيرِه: \"إذا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُم فليَبدأْ بتَحميدِ رَبِّه ﷿ والثَّناءِ عليه، وليُصَلِّ على النبىُّ -ﷺ- ثم يَدعو بما شاءَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية المطبوع إشارة أنه زاد فى نسخة: عبدك ورسولك.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣)، والنسائى (١٢٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٠٣) من طريق يزيد ابن الهاد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٩٨).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٣٧)، وأبو داود (١٤٨١)، والترمذى (٣٤٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧١٠)، وابن حبان (١٩٦٠) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به، =","vol":"3","page":671},{"text":"٢٨٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَرزةَ الغِفارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا إِسرائيلُ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا إذا جَلَسنا بَينَ الرَّكعَتَينِ فى الصَّلاةِ لا نَدرِى ما نَقولُ إِلا أَن نُسَبِّحَ ونُكَبِّر ونَذكُرَ اللَّهَ، وإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عُلِّم جَوامِعَ الخَيرِ وفَواتِحَه، فأَقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"إذا جَلَستُم بَينَ الرَّكعَتَينِ فقولوا: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النَّبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وإِذا قال: \"السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّه الصّالِحينَ (^١). أَصابَت كُلَّ عَبدٍ صالِحٍ أَو نبىٍّ مُرسَلٍ\". ثم يَبتَدِئُ بالثَّناءِ على اللَّهِ ﷿ والمِدحَةِ له بما هو أَهلُه، وبِالصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، ثم يَسأَلُ بَعدُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-656>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على أَهلِ بَيتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهُم آلُه</span>\n\n٢٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= والنسائى (١٢٨٣)، من طريق أبى هانئ به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"فقد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٧٧، ٤٠١٧)، وأبو داود (٩٦٩)، والترمذى (١١٠٥)، والنسائى (١١٦٢، ١١٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧٢٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٩٤: إسناده قوى. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (٤٠١٧).","vol":"3","page":672},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ زُهَيرِ ابنِ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو فروَةَ، حدَّثنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عيسَى بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى يقولُ: لَقِينِى كَعبُ بنُ عُجرَةَ فقالَ: أَلا أُهدِى لَكَ هَديَّةً سَمِعتُها مِنَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقُلتُ: بَلَى، فأَهدِها لى. قالَ: سأَلْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ الصلاةُ عَلَيكُم أَهلَ البَيتِ؟ قال: \"قولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما بارَكتَ على إِبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إِسماعيلَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-657>بابُ بَيانِ أَهلِ بَيتِه الَّذينَ هُم آلُه</span>\n\n٢٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حبّان يَحيَى بنُ سعيدِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن عَمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ حَيّانَ قالَ: انطَلَقتُ إلى زَيدِ بنِ أَرقَمَ فقالَ: قامَ فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بماءٍ يُدعَى خُمًّا بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ، حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عليه ووَعَظَ وذَكَّرَ، ثم قالَ: \"أَمّا بَعدُ، أَلا أَيُّها النّاسُ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٤٨.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٣٧٠).","vol":"3","page":673},{"text":"فإِنَّما أَنا بَشَرٌ يوشِكُ أَن يأتيَنِى رسولُ رَبِّى فأُجيبَ، وإِنِّى تارِكٌ فيكُم ثَقَلَينِ (^١)، أَوَّلُهُما كِتابُ اللَّهِ فيه الهُدَى والنّورُ، فتَمَسَّكُوا بكِتابِ اللَّهِ، وخُذوا به\". فحَثَّ عليه ورَغَّبَ فيه ثم قال: \"وأَهلُ بَيتِى، أُذَكرُكُمُ اللَّهَ فى أَهلِ بَيتِى\". قال حُصَينٌ: يا زَيدُ، مَن أَهلُ بَيتِه، أَلَيسَت نِساؤُه مِن أهلِ بَيتِهِ؟ قال: بَلَى، إنَّ نِساءَه مِن أَهلِ بَيتِه، ولَكِن أَهلُ بَيتِه الَّذينَ ذَكَرَهُم مَن حُرِموا الصَّدَقَةَ بَعدَه. قال: ومَن هُم؟ قال: آلُ علىٍّ وآلُ عَقيلٍ وآلُ جَعفَرٍ وآلُ العَبَّاسِ. قال: وكُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ حُرِموا الصَّدَقَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إِسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ وجَريرٍ عن أبى حَيّانَ (^٣).\n\n٢٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ عثمانَ الأَدَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا زكريا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، حدَّثَنا مُصعَبُ ابنُ شَيبَةَ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: خَرَجَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ذاتَ غَداةٍ وعَلَيه مِرْطٌ مُرَحَّلٌ (^٤) مِن شَعَرٍ أَسوَدَ، فجاءَ الحسنُ فأَدخَلَه معه، ثم جاءَ\n_________\n(^١) سُمِّيا ثقلين لعظمهما وكبير شأنهما، وقيل: لثقل العمل بهما. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٥/ ١٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٦٥)، وأبو داود (٤٩٧٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨١٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٥٧) من طريق أبى حيان التيمى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٠٨).\n(^٤) مرط مرحل: المرط كساء، والمرحل: هو الموشى المنقوش عليه صور رحال الإبل. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٥/ ١٩٤.","vol":"3","page":674},{"text":"الحسينُ فأَدخَلَه معه، ثم جاءَت فاطِمَةُ فأَدخَلَها معه، ثم جاءَ عَلِىٌّ فأَدخَلَه معه، ثم قال: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٣٣]. رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-658>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ كُلَّ مَن حُرِمَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن آلِه إذا كان مِن صَليبَةِ بنى هاشِمٍ وإِن لم يَكُنْ مِن أَولادِ مَن سَمَّاهُم زَيدُ بنُ أَرقَمَ</span>\n\n٢٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣) بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ أنَّه أخبرَه، أَنَّ ابنَ رَبيعَةَ بنَ الحارِثِ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِع رَبيعَةَ بنَ الحارِثِ وعَبَّاسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ قالا: لَو بَعَثْنا هَذَينِ الغُلامَينِ، لِى ولِلفَضلِ، إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَمَّرَهُما على هَذِه الصَّدَقَةِ، فأَدِّيا ما يُؤَدِّى النّاسُ، وأَصابا ما يُصيبُ الناسُ مِنَ المَنفَعَةِ؟ فذكَر الحديثَ فى خُروجِهِما إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- إلى أَن قال: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٦٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤٠٣٢)، والترمذى (٢٨١٣) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٢٤).\n(^٣) اختلف فى اسمه، هل هو \"عبد اللَّه\" أو \"عبيد اللَّه\". ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٩١.","vol":"3","page":675},{"text":"النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أَلا إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَنبَغِى لِمُحَمَّدٍ ولا لآلِ محمدٍ، إنَّما هِىَ أَوساخُ النّاسِ\". وذكَر الحديثَ فى تَزويجِهِما والإِصداقِ عَنهُما مِنَ الخُمُسِ (^١). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢). قال البُخارِىُّ: عبدُ اللَّهِ أَصَحُّ (^٣).\nوابنُ رَبيعَةَ هو عبدُ المُطَّلِبِ بنُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ هاشِمٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-659>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ بنى المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ مِن جُملَةِ آلِه -ﷺ-؛ لِكَونِهِم مَعَ بنى هاشِمٍ شَيئًا واحِدًا فى حِرمانِ الصَّدَقَةِ والإِعطاءِ مِن سَهمِ ذِى القُربَى</span>\n\n٢٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ أخبرَه، أنَّه جاءَ هو وعُثمانُ بنُ عفانَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُكَلِّمانِه لما قَسَمَ فَىْءَ خَيبَرَ بَينَ بنى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ فقالا: يا رسولَ اللَّه قَسَمتَ لِإخوانِنا بنى المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ ولَم تُعطِنا شَيئًا، وقَرابَتُنا مِثلُ قَرابَتِهِم؟ فقالَ لَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥١٩)، وابن حبان (٤٥٢٦) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧٢/ ١٦٧، ١٦٨). وسيأتى عند المصنف (١٣٣٦٨، ١٣٣٦٩) من طريق مالك ويونس عن الزهرى.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٢٦.","vol":"3","page":676},{"text":"بَنو هاشِمٍ والمُطَّلِبِ شَئٌ واحِدٌ\". وقالَ جُبَيرُ بنُ مُطعِمٍ: لم يَقسِمْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِبَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ ولا لِبَنِى نَوفَلٍ مِن ذَلِكَ الخُمُسِ شَيئًا كما قَسَمَ لِبَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ (^١). أَخرَجَه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\nوشَواهِدُه تُذكَرُ فى كِتابِ قَسمِ الفَئِ بمَشيئَةِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-660>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أَنَّ أَزواجَه -ﷺ- مِن أهلِ بَيتِه فى الصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِنَّ</span>\nوذَلِكَ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى خاطَبَهُنَّ بقَولِه تعالَى: ﴿يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ﴾. ثمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلى أَن قال: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٢، ٣٣]. وإِنَّما قال: ﴿عَنْكُمُ﴾. بلَفظِ الذُّكورِ لأنَّه أَرادَ دُخولَ غَيرِهِنَّ مَعَهُنَّ فى ذَلِكَ، ثم أَضافَ البُيوتَ إِلَيهِنَّ فقالَ: ﴿وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٤].\n\n٢٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ السَّلَمِىُّ مِن أَصلِه وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٦٨)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٨، ٢٩٧٩)، والنسائى (٤١٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨١)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٨) من طريق يونس به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٠٩٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٢٩).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٣٠٨٣ - ١٣٠٨٧).","vol":"3","page":677},{"text":"حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ دينارٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: فى بَيتِى أُنزِلَت: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا﴾. قالَت: فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى فاطِمَةَ وعَلِىٍّ والحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ فقالَ: \"هَؤُلاءِ أَهلُ بَيتى\". وفِى حَديثِ القاضِى والسُّلَمِى: \"هَؤُلاءِ أَهلِى\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أَما أَنا مِن أَهلِ البَيتِ؟ قال: \"بَلَى إن شاءَ اللَّه تعالَى\" (^١). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: هذا حديثٌ صحيحٌ سَنَدُه، ثِقاتٌ رواتُه.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى فى شَواهِدِه ثم فى مُعارَضَتِه أَحاديثُ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُها، وفِى كِتابِ اللَّهِ البَيانُ لِما قَصدناه فى إِطلاقِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- الآلَ، ومُرادُه مِن ذَلِكَ أَزواجُه، أَو هُنَّ داخِلاتٌ فيهِ.\n\n٢٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عفانَ يَعنِى الحَسَنَ بنَ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ: \"اللَّهُم اجعَلْ رِزقَ آلِ محمدٍ قوتًا\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ، عن أبى أُسامَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٦، ٣/ ١٤٦، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٩٧: إسناده صالح وفيه نكارة.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (١٤٥٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣٤٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (٩٧٥٣)، والترمذى (٢٣٦١)، وابن ماجه (٤١٣٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٤٣٦).","vol":"3","page":678},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه البُخارِىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُمارَةَ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّما يأكُل آلُ محمدٍ من هذا المالِ، ليس لهم أَن يَزيدوا على المأكَلِ\" (^٢). وإِنَّما أَرادَ مَن فى نَفَقَتِه.\nورُوّينا عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: ما شَبعَ آلُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- مِن طَعامٍ ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ حَتَّى قُبِضَ (^٣). ورُوِّينا عن عائشَةَ أَنَّها قالَت: ما شَبِعَ آلُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- مُنذُ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ مِن طَعامِ بُرٍّ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ تِباعًا حَتَّى قُبِضَ (^٤). وعَن عائشَةَ أَنَّها قالَت: إنّا كُنّا آلَ محمدٍ -ﷺ- لَنَمكُثُ شَهرًا ما نَستَوقِدُ بنارٍ، إنَّما هو التَّمرُ والماءُ (^٥).\nوأَشارَ أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحَلِيمِىُّ إلى أَنَّ اسمَ أَهلَ البَيتِ لِلأزواجِ تَحقيقٌ، واسمَ الآلِ لَهُنَّ تَشبيهٌ بالنَّسَبِ وخُصوصًا أَزواجُ النبىِّ؛ لأنَّ اتَّصالَهُنَّ به غَيرُ مُرتَفِعٍ، وهُنَّ مُحَرَّماتٌ على غَيرِه فى حَياتِه وبَعدَ وفاتِه، فالسَّبَبُ الذى لَهُنَّ به قائمٌ مَقامَ النَّسَبِ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وفِى نَصِّ النبىِّ -ﷺ- على الأمرِ بالصَّلاةِ على أَزواجِه يُغنيه عن غَيرِهِ.\n\n٢٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٥٥/ ١٢٦)، والبخارى (٦٤٦٠).\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٣٥٢٩، ٢٠٥٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٥٣٧٤).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٣٤٤٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٢٩٧٢)، وفيه: إِنْ كنا.","vol":"3","page":679},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ قال: أخبرنى أبو حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىُّ أَنَّهُم قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهٍ كَيفَ نُصَلِّى عَلَيكَ؟ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قولوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وأَزواجِه وذُرّيَّتِه، كما صَلِّيتَ على آلِ إِبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ وأَزواجِه وذُرّيَّتِه، كما بارَكتَ على آلِ إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢٩٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ ابنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ.\n\n٢٩٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعِ ومُحَمَّد بنُ إِدريسَ هو الشافعىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ راهُويه وغَيرِه عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نافِعٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) إسماعيل القاضى فى فضل الصلاة على النبى -ﷺ- (٧٠). ومالك ١/ ١٦٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٠٠)، والبخارى (٣٣٦٩)، ومسلم (٤٠٧)، وأبو داود (٩٧٩)، والنسائى (١٢٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٩٠٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٠٠)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (١٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٦٠)، ومسلم (٤٠٧/ ٦٩).","vol":"3","page":680},{"text":"٢٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حِبّانُ بنُ يَسارٍ الكِلابِىُّ، حدَّثنى أبو مُطَرِّفٍ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ كَريزٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الهاشمىُّ، عن المُجمِرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن سَرَّه أَن يَكتالَ بالمِكيالِ الأوفَى إذا صَلَّى عَلَينا أَهلَ البَيتِ فليقُل: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ النبىِّ، وأَزواجِه أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ، وذُرّيَّتَه وأَهلِ بَيتِه، كما صَلَّيتَ على إِبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^٢).\nفكأنَّه -ﷺ- أَفرَدَ أَزواجَه وذُرّيَّتَه بالذِّكرِ على وجهِ التّأكيدِ، ثم رَجَعَ إلى التَّعميمِ ليَدخُلَ فيها غَيرُ الأزواجِ والذُّرّيَّةِ مِن أَهلِ بَيتِه صَلَّى اللَّهُ تعالى عليه وآلِه وسَلَّمَ وعَلَيهِم أَجمَعينَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-661>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أَنَّ مَوالِى النبىِّ -ﷺ- يَدخُلونَ فى هَذِه الجُملَةِ</span>\n\n٢٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بطُوسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَر القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ ومُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ، عن أَنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَولَى القَومِ مِن أَنفُسِهم\". رواه البُخَارِىُّ فى بعضِ النُّسَخِ عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عبد\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٨٢). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٥٩٨: سنده ليس بذاك.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٦١).","vol":"3","page":681},{"text":"٢٩٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ رجلًا على الصَّدَقَةِ مِن بنى مَخزومٍ فقالَ لأبِى رافِعٍ: اصحَبنِى فإِنَّكَ تُصيبُ مِنها. قال: حَتَّى آتِىَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فأَسأَلَه. فأَتاه فسألَه فقالَ: \"مَولَى القَومِ مِن أَنفُسِهِم، وإِنّا لا تَحِلُّ لَنا الصَّدَقَةُ\" (^١).\nفلمَّا جَعَلَهُم -ﷺ- فى هذا الحَديثِ (^٢) كآله مِن بنى هاشِمٍ وبَنى المُطَّلِبِ فى تَحريمِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فكَذَلِك هُم فى الصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِم، واللَّهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-662>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أَنَّ آلَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- هُم أَهلُ دينِه عامَّةً</span>\n\n٢٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ قال: سَمِعتُ رجلًا قال لِلثَّورِىِّ: مَن آلُ محمدٍ؟ قال: قد اختَلَفَ النّاسُ؛ فمِنهُم مَن يقولُ: أَهلُ البَيتِ. ومِنهُم مَن يقولُ: مَن أَطاعَه وعَمِلَ بسُنَنِه. قال أبو بكرٍ -أَحسِبُه عبدَ الرزاقِ- قال: مَن أَطاعَه (^٣).\nقالَ الشيخُ: ومَن ذَهَبَ هذا المَذهَبَ الثّانِىَ أَشبَهَ أَن يَقولَ: قال اللَّه عَزَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٧٢)، والترمذى (٦٥٧)، والنسائى (٢٦١١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٤) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح. وسيأتى فى (١٣٣٧٠، ١٣٣٧١).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) الأمالى لعبد الرزاق (٤٦).","vol":"3","page":682},{"text":"وجَلَّ لِنوحٍ ﵇: ﴿احْمِلْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَهْلَكَ﴾ [هود: ٤٠] وقالَ: ﴿إِنَّ ابْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِى وَإِنَّ وَعْدَكَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنْتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ (٤٥) قَالَ يَا نُوحُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيْرُ صَالِحٍ﴾ [هود: ٤٥، ٤٦]. فأَخرَجَه بالشِّركِ عن أَن يَكونَ مِن أَهلِ نوحٍ. وقَد أَجاب عنه الشافعىُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى فقالَ: الذى نَذهَبُ إِلَيه فى مَعنَى هَذِه الآيَةِ أَنَّ قَولَ اللَّه ﵎: ﴿إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ﴾. يَعنِى الَّذينَ أَمَرنا بحَملِهِم مَعَكَ؛ لأنَّه قال: ﴿وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٢٧]. فأَعلَمَه (^١) أنَّه أَمَرَه بأَن يَحمِلَ مِن أَهلِه مَن لم يَسبِقْ عليه القَولُ مِن أَهلِ مَعصيَتِه، ثم بَيَّنَ له فقالَ: ﴿إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيْرُ صَالِحٍ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ ابنُ الوَليدِ ابنِ مَزيَدٍ، أَخبرَنِى أبى قالَ: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو عَمّارٍ رجلٌ منا قال: حدَّثَنى واثِلَةُ بنُ الأسقَعِ اللَّيثِىُّ قال: جِئتُ أُريدُ عليًّا فلَم أَجِدْه فقالَت فاطِمَةُ: انطَلَقَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدْعوه فاجلِسْ. قال: فجاءَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَخَلا، فدَخَلتُ مَعَهُما. قال: فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَسَنًا وحُسَينًا، فأَجلَسَ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على فخِذِه، وأَدنَى فاطِمَةَ مِن حَجرِه\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"فأعلمهم\".\n(^٢) أحكام القرآن للشافعى ١/ ٧٤.","vol":"3","page":683},{"text":"وزَوجَها، ثم لَفَّ عَلَيهِم ثَوبَه وأَنا مُنتَبِذٌ (^١) فقالَ: \" ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا﴾. اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلاءِ أَهلِى، اللَّهُمَّ أهلِى أَحَقُّ\". قال واثِلَةُ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، وأَنا مِن أَهلِكَ؟ قال: \"وأَنتَ مِن أَهلِى\". قال واثِلَةُ: إنَّها لَمِن أَرجَى ما أَرجو (^٢).\n\n٢٩١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه السُّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سليمانَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: حدَّثنى أبو عَمّارٍ قال: حدَّثنى واثِلَةُ بنُ الأسقَعِ قال: أَتَيتُ عَليًّا فلَم أَجِدْه. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ (^٣). هذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ. وهو إلى تَخصيصِ واثِلَةَ بذَلِكَ أقرَبُ مِن تَعميمِ الأُمَّةِ به، وكأنَّه جَعَلَ واثِلَةَ فى حُكمِ الأهلِ، تَشبيهًا بمَن يَستَحِقُّ هذا الاسمَ لا تَحقيقًا، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ العُقَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن الحسنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه قال: آلُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- أُمَّتُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) منتبذ: جالس فى ناحية. ينظر التاج ٩/ ٤٨٢ (ن ب ذ).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٨٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٧٦) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٤٧، عن أبى العباس عن الربيع وبحر بن نصر به، وصححه الحاكم، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٤) ابن عدى ٢/ ٧٢٧، ٧٢٨.","vol":"3","page":684},{"text":"٢٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مِهرُويه بنِ عباسٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا نافِعٌ أبو هُرمُزَ قال: سَمِعتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: مَن آلُ مُحمدٍ؟ قال: \"كُلُّ تَقِىٍّ\" (^١).\nوهَذا لا يَحِلُّ الاحتِجاجُ بمِثلِهِ، نافِعٌ السَّلَمِىُّ أبو هُرمُزَ بَصرِىٌّ، كَذَّبَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وضَعَّفَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وغَيرُهما مِنَ الحُفّاظِ (^٢)، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-663>بابُ هَل يُصَلَّى على غَيرِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ وقَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]\n\n٢٩١٣ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ واللَّفظُ لأبِى الوَليدِ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى أَوفَى -وكانَ مِن أَصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ- قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أَتاه قَومٌ بصَدَقاتِهِم قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥١٣ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ٢٨٧، وتمام فى فوائده (١٦٤٨) من طريق نافع أبى هرمز به.\n(^٢) هو نافع بن هرمز أبو هرمز. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: العلل للإمام أحمد ٢/ ٢٨٣، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٦٠٢، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٥٥، والمجروحين ٣/ ٥٧، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٤/ ٢٨٦، وسماه نافع بن عبد الواحد، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢٤٣، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ١٤٦.","vol":"3","page":685},{"text":"صَلِّ عَلَيهِم\". فأَتاه أبى بصدقةٍ (^١) فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على آلِ أبى أَوفَى\" (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن نُبَيحٍ العَنَزِىِّ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، أَنَّ امرأةً قالَت لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: صَلِّ عَلَىَّ وعَلَى زَوجِى. فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيكِ وعَلَى زَوجِكِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما يَنبَغِى الصَّلاةُ مِن أَحَدٍ على أَحَدٍ إِلا على النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"بصدقتهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٩٠) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٩١١١)، والنسائى (٢٤٥٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٩٦) وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٥)، وابن حبان (٩١٧) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (٧٧٣٢، ١٣٢٥٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٩٧، ٤١٦٦، ٦٣٣٢، ٦٣٥٩). ومسلم (١٠٧٨).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٥٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٨١)، وابن حبان (٩١٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٠: إسناده صالح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٨٠٠)، وإسماعيل القاضى فى فضل الصلاة على النبى -ﷺ- (٧٥)، والطبرانى (١١٨١٣) من طريق عثمان بن حكيم به.","vol":"3","page":686},{"text":"قالَ الشيخُ: يُريدُ به الصَّلاةَ الَّتِى هِىَ تَحيَّةٌ لِذِكرِه على وجهِ التَّعظِيمِ، فأَمّا صَلاتُه على غَيرِه فإِنَّها كانَت بمَعنَى الدُّعاءِ والتَّبريكِ، وتِلكَ جائزَةٌ على غَيرِهِ.\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الثالثُ ويتلوه الجزءُ الرابعُ وأولُه: بابُ الدُّعاءِ فى الصَّلاةِ","vol":"3","page":687},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-664>بابُ الدُّعاءِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٢٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: كُنّا إذا جَلَسنا مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ قُلنا: السَّلامُ على اللَّهِ قَبلَ عِبادِه، السَّلامُ على جِبريلَ، السَّلامُ على ميكائيلَ، السَّلامُ على فُلانٍ، السَّلامُ على فُلانٍ. قال: فسَمِعَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ هو السَّلامُ، فإِذا جَلَسَ أَحَدُكم فى الصَّلاةِ فليَقُل: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، والصَّلواتُ (^١) والطَّيِّبات، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، فإِذا قالَها أَصابَت كُلَّ عَبدٍ صالِحٍ فى السَّماءِ والأرضِ، أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه، ثم يَتَخَيَّرُ بَعدُ مِنَ الدُّعاءِ ما شَاءَ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٩١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"الصلاة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧٠٣) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وتقدم فى (٢٨٥٩، ٢٨٦٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٠٢/ ٥٨).\n(^٤) فى س: \"بكير\".","vol":"4","page":5},{"text":"ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، حدَّثَنا شَقيقٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذكَره ببَعضِ مَعناه، وفِى آخِرِه: \"ثم ليَتَخَيَّر أَحَدُكُم مِنَ الدُّعاءِ أَعجَبَه إِلَيه فيَدعوَ به\" (^١). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مَنصورٌ عن شَقيقٍ، وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"ثم ليَتَخَيَّر بَعدُ مِنَ المَسأَلَةِ ما شاءَ\" (^٣).\nوقَد دَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاتِه لأقوامٍ وعَلَى أَقوامٍ بأَسمائِهم، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِن شاءَ اللَّه تعالَى (^٤)، ورُوِّيناه عن علىٍّ (^٥).\n\n٢٩١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ الحافظُ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ محمدٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَونُ بنُ سَلَّام، حدَّثَنا سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيم أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ وأبِى عُبَيدَةَ قالا: قال عبدُ اللَّه: يَتَشَهَّدُ الرَّجُلُ، ثم يُصلِّى على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، ثم يَدعو لِنَفسِهِ (^٦).\n\n٢٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو إِسحاقَ، أنَّه سمِع أبا عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ هو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٠١)، وأبو داود (٩٦٨)، والنسائى (١٢٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٠٣)، من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٣٥).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٨٦٠). وليس فيه موضع الشاهد.\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (٣١٢٨ - ٣١٤٧).\n(^٥) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٣٣٦٨). وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧١١٦).\n(^٦) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٧٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٦٨ وصححه.","vol":"4","page":6},{"text":"وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ دَعاهُم، وخَرَجوا مِن مَنزِلِه إلى المَسجِدِ مَسجِدِ المَدينَةِ، وعَبدُ اللَّه قائمٌ يُصلِّى ويَقرأُ، ثم جَلَسَ فتَشَهَّدَ، فأَثنَى على اللَّهِ ما هو أَهلُه أَحسَنَ ما يُثنِى رجلٌ، ثم صَلَّى على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، ثم ابتَهَلَ فى الدُّعاءِ، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قائمٌ يَستَمِعُ فجَعَلَ يقولُ: \"سَلْ تُعطَه\". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: مَن هذا يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ قال: \"هذا عبدُ اللَّه ابنُ أُمِّ عَبدٍ، مَن سَرَّه أَن يَقرأَ القُرآنَ غَضًّا كما أُنزِلَ فليَقرأْه كما أُنزِل ابنُ أُمِّ عَبدٍ\". فابتَدَرَه أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ فسَبَقَه أبو بكرٍ، فزَعَمَ عُمَرُ أَنَّ أبا بكرٍ سَبَقَه، قال عُمَرُ: وكانَ سَبَّاقًا بالخَيرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-665>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ له ألا يَقصُرَ عنه مِنَ الدُّعاءِ قَبلَ السَّلامِ</span>\n\n٢٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ الحكّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أَنَّ عائشَةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أخبرَته، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يَدعو فى الصَّلاةِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّى أَعوذُ بكَ مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِن فِتنَةِ المَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِنَ المأثَمِ والمَغرَمِ\". قالَت: فقالَ له قائلٌ: ما أَكثَرَ ما تَستَعيذُ مِنَ المَغرَمِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟! قال: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ إذا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فكَذَبَ، ووَعَدَ فأَخلَفَ\" (^٢). رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٤١٤) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٣٦٦٢، ٣٧٩٧، ٤١٦٥)، والنسائى فى عمل اليوم والليلة (٨٦٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٨) عن أبى اليمان به. وأبو داود (٨٨٠)، والنسائى (١٣٠٨)، وابن حبان (١٩٦٨) من طريق شعيب به. والنسائى (٥٤٦٩، ٥٤٨٧) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (١١٠٧٢) من طريق محمد بن أبى عتيق عن الزهرى.","vol":"4","page":7},{"text":"عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^١).\n\n٢٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمد الصَّيدَلانِىُّ ويَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ يَعنِى الهَرَوِىَّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عائشَةَ، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. وعَن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا تَشَهَّدَ أَحَدُكُم فليَستَعِذْ باللَّهِ مِن أَربَعٍ؛ يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنى أَعوذُ بكَ مِن عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ، ومِن عَذابِ القَبرِ، ومِن فِتنَةِ المَحيا والمَماتِ، ومِن فِتنَةِ المَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ هانئٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو المُغيرَةِ ومُحَمَّد بنُ كَثيرٍ جَميعًا عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن حَسَّانَ يَعنِى ابنَ عَطيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عائشَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا فرَغَ أَحَدُكُم مِن صَلاِته فليَدْعُ بأَربَعٍ، ثم ليَدعُ بَعدُ بما شاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّى أَعوذُ بكَ مِن عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وعَذابِ القَبرِ، وفِتنَةِ المَحيا والمَماتِ، وفِتنَةِ المَسيحِ الدَّجَّالِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٨٣٢)، ومسلم (٥٨٩/ ١٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٨٠، ١٠١٨١)، وابن خزيمة (٧٢١) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٨٨/ ١٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (١٣٨٣، ١٣٨٤) عن أبى المغيرة ومحمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٧٢٣٧) وعنه أبو داود (٩٨٣)، ومسلم (٥٨٨/ ١٣٠)، والنسائى (١٣٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٩٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٢١) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٦٧).","vol":"4","page":8},{"text":"٢٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ والحَسَنُ بنُ الطَّيِّبِ قالا: حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ أنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: عَلِّمْنِى دُعاءً أَدعو به فى صَلاتِى. قال: \"قُل: اللَّهُمَّ إِنى ظَلَمتُ نَفسِى ظُلمًا كَثيرًا، ولا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إِلا أَنتَ، فاغفِرْ لِى مَغفِرَةً مِن عِندِكَ، وارحَمْنِى، إنَّكَ أَنتَ الغَفورُ الرَّحيمُ\" (^١). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ، رواه البُخارِىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-666>بابُ مَن قال: يَترُكُ المأمومُ القراءةَ فيما جَهَرَ فيه الإمامُ بالقراءةِ</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٠٤]. قال الشافعىُّ رحِمه اللَّهُ تعالَى فى القَديمِ: فهَذا عندَنا على القراءةِ الَّتِى تُسمَعُ خاصَّةً (^٣).\n\n٢٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا مِسكينُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ الحَرَّانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٨١). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٥٣١)، والنسائى (١٣٠١) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٨، ٢٨)، والبخارى (٦٣٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨٤٥) من طريق الليث به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٠٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٤٦) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٣٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٠٥/ ٤٨).\n(^٣) لم نجده فى كتب الشافعى.","vol":"4","page":9},{"text":"عن ثابِتِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: المُؤمِنُ فى سَعَةٍ مِنَ الاستِماعِ إليه إِلا فى صَلاةٍ مَفروضَةٍ أَو مَكتوبَةٍ أَو يَومِ جُمُعَةٍ، أَو يَومِ فِطرٍ أَو يَومِ أَضحًى. يَعنِى: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾ (^١).\nورُوّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عباسٍ عن هَذِه الآيَةِ قال: هذا لِكُلِّ قارِئٍ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن هذا فى الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ (^٣) القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الصَّلاةِ، فسَمِعَ قراءةَ فتًى مِنَ الأنصارِ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾ (^٤).\nورُوّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: فى الخُطبَةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٥). ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ: فى الصَّلاةِ والخُطبَةِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٥٣) وفيه: أبو جعفر محمد بن عمرو الرذاذ. بدلًا من: إسماعيل ابن محمد الصفار. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٤٦ من طريق مسكين بن بكير به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٢: ما بإسناده بأس.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٥٦).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الحسين\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدم فى (٢١٢، ٣٢٤، ٣٦٦، ٧٦٢)، وغيرها. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٥.\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٨)، وتفسير مجاهد ص ٣٥٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٩٧٦ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٥٣)، وابن جرير ١٠/ ٦٦٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٧ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٥٩)، وابن جرير ١٠/ ٦٦٥، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٤٦.","vol":"4","page":10},{"text":"٢٩٢٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىّ، عن أبى عياضٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال فى هَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾. قال: كان النّاسُ يَتَكَلَّمونَ فى الصَّلاةِ، فنَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ (^١). وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَبدانَ قال: كانوا يَتَكَلَّمونَ فى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وهَكَذا قال مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ:\n\n٢٩٢٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا عَونُ بنُ موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ قُرَّةَ قال: أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَإِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا﴾. قال: كان النّاسُ يَتَكَلَّمونَ فى الصَّلاةِ.\nورواه سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ عن عَونٍ وزادَ فيه: فأَنزَلَها القُصّاصُ فى القَصَصِ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٧٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٥٧)، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط ٣/ ١٠٥، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٠/ ٦٥٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٤٥ من طريق إبراهيم الهجرى به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٩٧٩ - تفسيره) ومن طريق المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٨٣).","vol":"4","page":11},{"text":"علىِّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سليمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى غَلَّابٍ، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقَاشِىِّ قال: صَلَّينا مَعَ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ. فذكَر الحديثَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- وفيه: \"فإِذا كَبَّرَ الإمامُ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قرأَ فأَنصِتوا\" (^١). رَوَى مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فى \"الصحيح\" حَديثَ أبى عَوانَةَ عن قَتادَةَ بسياقِ المَتنِ دونَ هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ (^٢)، ثم أَتبَعَه رِوايَةَ سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ وهِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ، قال: وحَدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ. فذكَر هَذِه الرِّوايَةَ، ثم قال: وفِى حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن سليمانَ عن قَتادَةَ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ: \"فإِذا قرأَ فأَنصِتوا\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أيخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: قَولُه: \"فأَنصِتوا\". لَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ، أَو لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا علىٍّ الحافظَ يقولُ: خالَفَ جَريرٌ عن التَّيمِىِّ أَصحابَ قَتادَةَ كُلَّهُم فى هذا الحَديثِ، والمَحفوظُ عن قَتادَةَ رِوايَةُ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ وهَمَّامٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ ومَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ وأَبِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٨٤٧) من طريق جرير به. وأبو داود (٩٧٣) من طريق سليمان التيمى به. وتقدم فى (٢٦٥٦) من طريق قتادة.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٣١٠)، بلفظ: ليس بشئ. وأبو داود عقب (٩٧٣) بلفظ: ليس بمحفوظ.","vol":"4","page":12},{"text":"عَوانَةَ والحَجّاجِ بنِ الحجّاجِ ومَن تابَعَهُم على رِوايَتِهِم. يَعنِى دونَ هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ.\nورواه سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ وعُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن قَتادَةَ فأَخطأ فيهِ.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا علىٍّ الحافظَ يَذكُرُه (^١).\n\n٢٩٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حامِدٍ محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى القُطَعِىُّ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عامِرٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ يَعنِى أبا غَلَّابٍ، عن حِطَّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقاشِىِّ قالَ: صَلَّى بنا أبو موسَى فقالَ أبو موسَى: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُعَلِّمُنا إذا صَلَّى بنا فقالَ: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإِمَامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قرأَ فأَنصِتوا\" (^٣). قالَ علىُّ بنُ عمرَ: سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رواه محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٣١٠).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"القطيعى\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدم فى (٤٥١٨)، وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٥٢٣.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٣٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٩٥)، والنسائى (٨٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٨٤، ١٥٩٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٨٠٠).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٣٠.","vol":"4","page":13},{"text":"٢٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ أَبانٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ ومُصعَبِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فلا تَختَلِفوا عليه، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا قرأَ فأَنصِتوا، وإِذا قال: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧]. فقولوا: آمينَ. وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا أَجمَعونَ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (^٢). وهو وهمٌ مِنَ ابنِ عَجلانَ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ قالَ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ فى حَديثِ ابنِ عَجلانَ: \"إذا قرأَ فأَنصِتوا\": لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٢٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبان. وقال: إسماعيل بن أبان ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٠٤)، والنسائى (٩٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٤٦)، من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به. وقال أبو داود: وهذه الزيادة: \"وإذا قرأ فانصتوا\". ليست بمحفوظة، الوهم عندنا من أبى خالد. وقال النسائى فى الكبرى عقب (٩٩٤): لا نعلم أن أحدًا تابع ابن عجلان على قوله: \"وإذا قرأ فانصتوا\". وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٨/ ١٨٧، والمعرفة للمصنف ٣/ ٧٥. وقد صحح هذه الزيادة مسلم عقب (٤٠٤)، وابن عبد البر ٦/ ٢٧٣. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٣١٠)، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٤٥٥.","vol":"4","page":14},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى حاتِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى وذكَر هذا الحديثَ، فقالَ أبى: لَيسَت هَذِه الكَلِمَةُ مَحفوظَةً، هِىَ مِن تَخاليطِ ابنِ عَجلانَ. قال: وقَد رواه خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ أَيضًا -يَعنِى عن زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ- وخارِجَةُ أَيضًا لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رواه يَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ الرّازِىُّ كما رَوَياه، ويَحيَى ابنُ العَلاءِ مَتروكٌ (^٢).\nواعتِمادُ الشافعىِّ فى القَديمِ بَعدَ الآيَةِ على الحَديثِ الذى:\n\n٢٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- انصَرَفَ مِن صَلاةٍ جَهَرَ فيها بالقراءةِ فقالَ: \"هَل قرأَ مَعِى أَحَدٌ مِنكُم آنِفًا؟ \". فقالَ رجلٌ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"إِنِّى أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ\". قال: فانتَهَى النّاسُ عن القراءةِ مع رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيما جَهَرَ فيه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٣١١). وعلل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٣٩٥. وتقدمت مصادر ترجمة خارجة بن مصعب فى.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٢٩٣١).","vol":"4","page":15},{"text":"النبىُّ -ﷺ- بالقراءةِ مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ حينَ سَمِعوا ذَلِكَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى حَديثَ ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ هذا مَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ على مَعنَى مالِكٍ.\n\n٢٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ ومُحَمَّد بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الزُّهرىُّ وابنُ السَّرحِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزهرىُّ حَفِظتُه مِن فيه قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أُكَيمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سَعيدَ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةً نَظُنُ أَنَّها الصُّبحُ، فلَمّا قَضاها قال: \"هَل قرأَ مِنكُم أَحَدٌ؟ \". فقالَ رجلٌ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنِّى أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ! \". قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: قال سُفيانُ: ثم قال الزُّهرِىُّ شَيئًا لم أَحفَظْه، انتَهَى حِفظى إلى هَذا. وقالَ مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ: فانتَهَى النّاسُ عن القراءةِ فيما جَهَرَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال عَلِىٌّ: قال لِى سُفيانُ يَومًا: فنَظَرتُ فى شَئٍ عِندِى فإِذا هو: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ. بلا شَكٍّ. وقالَ مُسدَّد فى حَديثِه: قال مَعمَرٌ: فانتَهَى الناسُ عن القراءةِ فيما جَهَرَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ ابنُ السَّرحِ فى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨٢٦)، ومالك ١/ ٨٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٠٠٧)، والترمذى (٣١٢)، والنسائى (٩١٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٤٩)، وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"4","page":16},{"text":"حَديثِه: قال مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ: قال أبو هريرةَ: فانتَهَى النّاسُ. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ: قال سُفيانُ: وتَكَلَّمَ الزُّهرِىُّ بكَلِمَةٍ لم أَسمَعْها. فقالَ مَعمَرٌ: إنَّه قال: فانتَهَى النّاسُ (^١). وقالَ أبو داودَ: ورَوَى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إِسحاقَ عن الزُّهرىِّ وانتَهَى حَديثُه إلى قَولِه: \"ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ\". ورواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال فيه: قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فاتَّعَظَ المُسلِمونَ بذَلِكَ، فلَم يَكونوا يَقرَءونَ معه فيما يَجهَرُ بهِ. قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ يقولُ: قَولُه: فانتَهَى النّاسُ. مِن كَلامِ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وكَذا قالَه محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ البُخارِىُّ فى \"التاريخ\" قال: هذا الكَلامُ مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ. أخبرَنا (^٣) محمدٌ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، قال محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ. فذكَره (^٤). وقالَ فى ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ: هو عُمارَةُ بنُ أُكَيمَةَ اللَّيثِىُّ، ويُقالُ: عَمَّارٌ (^٥).\nقالَ الشيخُ: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على أنَّه مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ ما:\n\n٢٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٤٨) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٣٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٨٢٧) وفيه: ورواه عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق.\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"إبراهيم بن\". وهو محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد أبو بكر الفارسى، تقدمت ترجمته فى (٨٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٣٢١). والتاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٣٨.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٩٨.","vol":"4","page":17},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدَّثنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثنى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قرأَ ناسٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةٍ يُجهَرُ فيها بالقراءةِ، فلمَّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَقبَلَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: \"هَل قرأَ مَعِى مِنكُم أَحَدٌ؟ \". فقالوا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنِّى أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ\". قالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: فاتَّعَظَ المُسلِمونَ بذَلِكَ فلَم يَكونوا يَقرَءونَ (^١).\nحَفِظَ الأوزاعِىُّ كَونَ هذا الكَلامِ مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ ففَصَلَه عن الحَديثِ، إِلا أنَّه لم يَحفَظْ إِسنادَه. الصَّوابُ ما رواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أُكَيمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ (^٢).\nورواه ابنُ أَخِى الزُّهرِىِّ عن عَمِّه عن الأعرَجِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٢٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أَخِى الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَمِّه قالَ: أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، وكانَ مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"هَل قرأَ أَحَدٌ مِنكُم آنِفًا فى الصَّلاةِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"إِنِّى أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ! \".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٢٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٥٠) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وصححه الألبانى فى تعليقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (١٨٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٩٦) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"4","page":18},{"text":"فانتَهَى النّاسُ عن القراءةِ حينَ قال ذَلِكَ (^١). قال يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ: هذا خَطأٌ لا شَكَّ فيه ولا ارتيابَ.\nورواه مالكٌ ومَعمَرٌ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ والزُّبَيدِىُّ كُلُّهُم عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: فى صِحَّةِ هذا الحَديثِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- نَظَرٌ؛ وذَلِكَ لأنَّ راوِيَه ابنُ أُكَيمَةَ اللَّيثِىُّ وهو رجلٌ مَجهولٌ، لم يُحَدِّثْ إِلا بهَذا الحَديثِ وحدَه، ولَم يُحَدِّثْ عنه غَيرُ الزُّهرِىِّ، ولَم يَكُنْ عندَ الزُّهرِىِّ مِن مَعرِفَتِه أَكثَرُ مِن أَن رآه يُحَدِّثُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ.\nوفيما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أَنَّ أبا بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىَّ أخبرَهُم، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى قال: قال الحُمَيدِىُّ فى حَديثِ ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ: هذا حَديثٌ رواه رجلٌ مَجهولٌ لم يُرْوَ عنه غَيرُه قَطُّ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وفِى الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبى السّائبِ عن أبى هريرةَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بأُمِّ القُرآنِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ\". فقُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ إِنِّى أَكونُ أَحيانًا وراءَ الإمامِ؟ قال: فغَمَزَ ذِراعِى وقالَ: يا فارِسِىُّ، اقرأْ بها فى نَفسِكَ (^٣). وأبو هريرةَ راوِى الحديثَينِ، دَليلٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٢٥)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٢٢) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع (٢٦٣٩ - ط. دار الفكر): ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٢٨)، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٥: قد روى حديثه أهل السنن الأربعة وحسنه الترمذى. اهـ. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٤٩: ثقة.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٢٩٦٨).","vol":"4","page":19},{"text":"على ضَعفِ رِوايَةِ ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ، أَو أَرادَ بما فى حَديثِ ابنِ أُكَيمَةَ المَنعَ عن الجَهرِ بالقراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ، أَوِ المَنعَ عن قراءةِ السّورَةِ فيما يُجهَرُ فيه بالقراءةِ، وهو مِثلُ حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حَصينٍ الوارِدِ فى هذا البابِ، وهو مَذكورٌ فى البابِ الذى يَليهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-667>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَقرأُ خَلفَ الإِمامِ على الإطلاقِ</span>\n\n٢٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه صَلَّى وكانَ مَن خَلفَه يَقرأُ، فجَعَلَ رجلٌ مِن أَصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- يَنهاه عن القراءةِ فى الصَّلاةِ، فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ أَقبَلَ عليه الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: أَتَنهانِى عن القراءةِ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟! فتَنازَعا حَتَّى ذَكَرا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَلَّى خَلفَ الإمامِ فإِنَّ قراءةَ الإمامِ له قراءةٌ\" (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ مَوصولًا، ورواه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ عنه مُرسلًا دونَ ذِكرِ جابِرٍ، وهو المَحفوظُ:\n\n٢٩٣٦ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو حنيفة فى مسنده ١/ ٢٢٨، ومن طريقه أبو يوسف فى الآثار (١١٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢١٧، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٧٧، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤، وقال: لم يسنده عن موسى بن أبى عائشة غير أبى حنيفة والحسين بن عمارة، وهما ضعيفان.","vol":"4","page":20},{"text":"حَليمٍ الصّائغُ الثِّقَةُ بمَروَ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه كِتابِ \"الصلاة\" لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ وشُعبَةُ وأبو حَنيفَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كان له إِمامٌ فإِنَّ قراءةَ الإمامِ له قراءةٌ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ الثَّورِىِّ وشُعبَةَ بنِ الحجّاجِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مَنصورُ ابنُ المُعتَمِرِ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وِإسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ وأبو عَوانَةَ وأبو الأحوَصِ وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ وغَيرُهُم مِنَ الثقاتِ الأثباتِ (^٤)، ورواه الحسنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ عن موسَى مَوصولًا (^٥). والحَسنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروكٌ (^٦).\n\n٢٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ وإِسحاقُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ حَىٍّ، عن جابِرٍ ولَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كان له إِمامٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٣٦)\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣١٧ من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٧٧ من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد وسفيان بن عيينة وشعبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٩٦) عن شريك وجرير به. وينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ٧٠٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٣٥، ابن عدى ٢/ ٧٠٦ من طريق الحسن به.\n(^٦) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى (١٠٧٠).","vol":"4","page":21},{"text":"فقراءةُ الإمامِ قراءةٌ\" (^١). جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ ولَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٢)، وكُلُّ مَن تابَعَهُما على ذَلِكَ أَضعَفُ مِنهُما أَو مِن أَحَدِهِما، والمَحفوظُ عن جابِرٍ فى هذا البابِ ما:\n\n٢٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بكيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، أنَّه سمِع جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: مَن صلَّى رَكعَةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بأُمِّ القُرآنِ فلم يُصَلِّ، إِلا وراءَ الإمامِ (^٣). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن جابِرٍ مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ.\nوقَد رَفَعَه يَحيَى بنُ سلَّامٍ (^٤) وغَيرُه مِنَ الضُّعَفاءِ عن مالكٍ (^٥)، وذاكَ ممّا لا يَحِلُّ رِوايَتُه على طَريقِ الاحتِجاجِ بهِ. وقَد يُشبِهُ أَن يَكونَ مَذهَبُ جابِرٍ فى ذَلِك تَركَ القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فيما يُجهَرُ فيه بالقراءةِ دونَ ما لا يُجهَرُ، فقَد رَوَى يَزيدُ الفَقيرُ عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنا نَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٤٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٥٠) من طريق الحسن بن صالح عن جابر به. وأحمد (١٤٦٤٣) من طريق الحسن بن صالح عن أبى الزبير به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٩٢).\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمة ليث بن أبى سليم فى (٥٣٢)، ومصادر ترجمة جابر الجعفى فى عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٥٦)، ومالك فى الموطأ ١/ ٨٤، ومن طريقه البخارى فى جزء القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٨٥)، والترمذى (٣١٣)، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) هو يحيى بن سلام الأفريقى، ينظر الكلام عليه فى: ثقات ابن حبان ٩/ ٢٦١، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٠٧٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٨٠، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢١٨، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٤٩) من طريق يحيى بن سلام به.","vol":"4","page":22},{"text":"الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ يُشبِهُ أَن يَكونَ مَذهَبُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n٢٩٣٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، أَنَّ رجلًا سألَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فقالَ: أَنصِتْ لِلقُرآنِ، فإِنَّ فى الصَّلاةِ شُغلًا، وسَيَكفيكَ ذاكَ الإمامُ (^٢).\nوإِنَّما يُقالُ: أَنصِتْ لِلقُرآنِ. لِما يُسمَعُ لا لِما لا يُسمَعُ. وقَد قال عَلقَمَةُ: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، فلَم أَعلَمْ أنَّه يَقرأُ حَتَّى جَهَرَ بهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَقُلْ رَبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا﴾ (^٣) [طه: ١١٤]. ورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ الأسَدِىِّ أنَّه قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ خَلفَ الإمامِ فسَمِعتُه يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ (^٤).\n\n٢٩٤٠ - وأَمّا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٤٣) من طريق يزيد به، وسيأتى فى (٢٩٨٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٨٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٧٤). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٩٣١١) من طريق سفيان به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢١٩ من طريق شعبة به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع (٢٦٤٧) (ط. دار الفكر): ورجاله موثقون.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٧٢) من طريق علقمة به.\n(^٤) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٢٩٧٨).","vol":"4","page":23},{"text":"ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن صَلَّى وراءَ الإمامِ كَفاه قراءةُ الإمامِ (^١). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عمرَ مِن قَولِه، وبِمَعناه رواه مالك فى \"الموطأ\" عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه مَرفوعًا (^٣)، وهو خَطأ. وسوَيدٌ تَغَيَّرَ بأخَرَةٍ فكَثُرَ الخَطأُ فى رِواياتِهِ (^٤). ورُوِى عن خارِجَةَ بنِ مُصعَب عن أَيُّوبَ عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا (^٥). وخارِجَةُ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٦).\n\n٢٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ ابنَ أبى نَصرٍ الدّارَبَردِىَّ (^٧) يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَبدانَ بنَ محمدٍ الحافظَ هو المَروَزِىُّ يقولُ: حَديثُ خارِجَةَ عن أَيُّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كان له إِمامٌ\". غَلَطٌ مُنكَرٌ، وإِنَّما هو عن ابنِ عمرَ من قَولِه، على أنَّه قَد رُوِى عن ابنِ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٩٤).\n(^٢) الموطأ ١/ ٨٦.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٩٣).\n(^٤) هو سويد بن سعيد بن سهل الهروى أبو محمد الحدثانى الأنبارى، ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٢٠، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٣٥٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٤٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٤/ ٢٧٢. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٣٤٠: صدوق فى نفسه إلا أنه عمى فصار يتلقن ما ليس من حديثه، وأفحش فيه ابن معين القول.\n(^٥) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٩٠).\n(^٦) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٩٦٦).\n(^٧) فى س: \"الداربجردى\".","vol":"4","page":24},{"text":"خِلافُه. قالَ عَبدانُ: حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ أبى عِمرانَ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى الأزهَرِ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عمرَ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فقالَ: إِنِّى لأستَحيِى مِن رَبِّ هَذِه البَنيَّةِ أَن أُصَلِّىَ صَلاةً لا أَقرأُ فيها بأُمِّ القُرآنِ (^١). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٢٩٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا كَهْمَسُ بنُ الحسنِ، عن أبى الأزهَرِ الضُّبَعِىِّ، عن أبى العاليَةِ البَرَّاءِ، فذكَر قِصَّةً وفيها أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ صَفوانَ قال لابنِ عمرَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، أَفِى كُلِّ صَلاةٍ تَقرأُ؟ قال: إِنِّى لأستَحيِى مِن رَبِّ هَذِه البَنيَّةِ أَن أَركَعَ رَكعَتَينِ لا أَقرأُ فيهِما بأُمِّ القُرآنِ فزائدًا. أَو قال: فصاعِدًا.\n\n٢٩٤٣ - قال يَعقوبُ: وحَدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثَنا سَعِيدٌ الجُرَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، عن أبى العاليَةِ البَرَّاءِ نَحوَه.\nفكأنَّه كان يَرَى القراءةَ خَلفَ الإمامِ فيما يُسِرُّ الإمامُ فيه بالقراءةِ، وعَلَى ذَلِكَ وضَعَه مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ، وقَد رُوِى عنه بخِلافِهِ:\n\n٢٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٩٢)، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٧: إسناده منقطع.","vol":"4","page":25},{"text":"حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أُسامَةُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ لا يَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ جَهرَ أَو لم يَجهَرْ، وكانَ رِجالٌ أَئمَّةٌ يَقرَءونَ وراءَ الإمامِ (^١). كَذا رواه، والمُثبِتُ أَولَى مِنَ النّافِى.\n\n٢٩٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ ابنُ زَيدٍ قال: سألتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فقالَ: إِن قَرأتَ فقَد قرأَ قَومٌ كان فيهِم أُسوَةٌ والأخذُ بأَمرِهِم، وِإن تَرَكتَ فقَد تَرَكَ قَومٌ كان فيهِم أُسوَةٌ. قالَ: وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ لا يَقرأُ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ وابنُ صاعِدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ ابنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا الحَجاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أَوفَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ ورَجُلٌ يَقرأُ خَلفَه، فلمَّا فرَغَ قال: \"مَن ذا الذى يُخالِجُنِى سُورَتِى؟ \". فنَهَى عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ. قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: قَولُه: فنَهَى عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ برِوايَتِه حَجَّاجٌ (^٤). وقَد رواه عن قَتادَةَ شُعبَةُ وابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ ومَعمَرٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٤٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٦٠)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٤٥. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٢٦، ٤٠٥ من طريق يوسف بن موسى به، وقال: حجاج لا يحتج به.\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٣٢).","vol":"4","page":26},{"text":"وإِسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وحَجّاجُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ وأَيّوبُ بنُ أبى مِسكينٍ وهَمّامٌ وأَبانٌ وسَعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ (^١)، فلَم يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ مِنهُم ما تَفَرَّدَ به حَجّاجٌ. قال شُعبَةُ: سألتُ قَتادَةَ: كانَّه كَرِهَهُ؟ قال: لَو كَرِهَه لَنَهَى عَنه.\n\n٢٩٤٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ (^٢) أَوفَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى يَومًا الظُّهر، فجاءَ رجلٌ فقَرأ خَلفَه: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: \"أَيُّكُمُ القارِئُ؟ \". قال: أَنا. قال: \"قَد ظَنَنتُ أَنَّ بَعضَكُم خالَجَنيها\" (^٣). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" بهَذا المَعنَى مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وأَبِى عَوانَةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٩٤٨ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ هو الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ السِّجستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. فذكَر الحديثَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"بشر\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٤٨.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"أبى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٩٢)، وأبو داود (٨٢٨) عن أبى الوليد الطيالسى به. وأحمد (١٩٨١٥)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٨٢، ٨٨، ٩٣)، وأبو داود (٨٢٨)، والنسائى (٩١٦، ١٧٤٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٩٨/ ٤٧ - ٤٩).","vol":"4","page":27},{"text":"بمَعنَى حَديثِ أبى الوَليدِ، وفِى آخِرِه قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لِقَتادَةَ: كأنَّه كَرِهَه؟ فقالَ: لَو كَرِهَه لَنَهَى عَنه (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عِمرانَ بنِ حصَينٍ أنَّه قال: لا تَجوزُ صَلاةٌ إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٢).\nوكأنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- إِن كَرِهَ مِنَ القارِئِ خَلفَه شَيئًا كَرِهَ الجَهرَ بالقراءةِ دونَ القراءةِ نَفسِها.\nوهو مِثلُ ما:\n\n٢٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزّازُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ حُذافَةَ صَلَّى فجَهَرَ بالقراءةِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا ابنَ حُذافَةَ، لا تُسمِعْنِى وأَسمِعِ اللَّه ﷿\" (^٣).\n\n٢٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدَّثنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثنى أبو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٦٣، ٣٦٤)، والطيالسى (٨٩١)، وأبو داود (٨٢٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٢٩)، والنسائى (٩١٧)، وابن حبان (١٨٤٥، ١٨٤٦) من طريق قتادة به. وأحمد (١٩٨٨٩) من طريق خالد بن مهران عن زرارة بن أوفى به، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٨: فظهر أن حجاجا أخطأ فيه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٣٩).\n(^٣) أبو جعفر الرزاز فى مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٢٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٢٦) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٨/ ٢٤، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٠٨: هذا من مناكير النعمان.","vol":"4","page":28},{"text":"الزّاهِريَّةِ، حدَّثَنى كَثيرُ بنُ مُرَّةَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أَفِى كُلِّ صَلاةٍ قراءةٌ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". فقالَ رجلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: وجَبَت هَذِه. فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكُنتُ أَقرَبَ القَومِ إليه: \"ما أَرَى الإمامَ إذا أَمَّ القَومَ إِلا قَد كَفاهُم\" (^١).\nكَذا رواه أبو صالِحٍ كاتِبُ اللَّيثِ وغَلِطَ فيهِ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ فى إِحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه وأَخطأ فيه، والصَّوابُ أَن أبا الدَّرداءِ قال ذَلِكَ لِكَثيرٍ ابنِ مُرَّةَ.\n\n٢٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ (^٢) عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ قالا: حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبى الزّاهِريَّةِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: قامَ رجلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أَفِى كُلِّ صَلاةٍ قُرآن؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فقالَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: وجَبَ هَذا. فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: يا كَثِيرُ -وأَنا إلى جَنبِه- لا أَرَى الإمامَ إذا أَمَّ القَومَ إِلا قَد كَفاهُم (^٣). قال عَلِىٌّ: الصَّوابُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ أبى الدَّرداءِ كما قال ابنُ وهبٍ، وهمَ فيه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى زَيدٌ كما رواه ابنُ وهبٍ (^٤)، ورواه عبدُ الرحمنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٧٧). وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٦/ ٢١٧.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"ثنا\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدم فى (١٢٦٠، ١٢٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٨١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٣٨، ٣٣٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٣٠)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٧٩).","vol":"4","page":29},{"text":"ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، وهو إِمامٌ حافِظٌ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ أبى الدَّرداءِ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن أبى الدَّرداءِ أنه كان يَرَى القراءةَ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٢)، وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ كان لا يَراها مَعَ الإمامِ.\n\n٢٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّه أخبرَه أنه سألَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ عن القراءةِ مَعَ الإمامِ فقالَ: لا أقرأُ (^٣) مَعَ الإمام فى شَئٍ (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥). وهو مَحمولٌ على الجَهرِ بالقراءةِ مَعَ الإمامِ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n٢٩٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ ابنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أَبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: مَن قرأَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٢٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢١٦، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٨٠).\n(^٢) ينظر القراءة خلف الإمام للمصنف (٢٢٩، ٢٣٠، ٣٨٤).\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، وفى مصدرى التخريج والمهذب ٢/ ٦٠٩: \"قراءة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٩٥٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٧٧/ ١٠٦).","vol":"4","page":30},{"text":"وراءَ الإمامِ فلا صَلاةَ (^١).\nوهَذا إِن صَحَّ بهَذا اللَّفظِ -وفيه نَظَرٌ- فمَحمولٌ على الجَهرِ بالقراءةِ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أَعلَمُ.\nوقَد خالَفَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، فرواه عن سُفيانَ عن عمرَ بنِ محمدٍ عن موسى بنِ سعدٍ [عن أبيه] (^٢) عن زيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، [ورواه داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ عن عمرَ بنِ محمدٍ عن موسَى بنِ سَعدٍ عن زَيدٍ] (^٣) لم يَذكُرْ أَباه فى إِسنادِهِ. قال البُخارِىُّ: لا يُعرَفُ بهَذا الإسنادِ سَماعُ بَعضِهِم مِن بَعضٍ، ولا يَصِحُّ مِثلُه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-668>بابُ مَن قال: يَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ فيما يُجهَرُ فيه بالقراءةِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وفيما يُسِرُّ فيه بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فصاعِدًا</span>\nوَهوَ أَصَحُّ الأقوالِ على السُّنَّةِ وأَحوَطُها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينىِّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، أَنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٤٨)، وفيه: بن جعفر. بدلًا من: بن حفص.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م. وأثبتناها فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (٤٤٨)، وكما سيأتى فى كلام المصنف.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) القراءة خلف الإمام للبخارى عقب (٤٥).","vol":"4","page":31},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\". رواه البُخارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينىِّ، ورواه مُسلِمٌ عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٢٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاج حدَّثَنا إِملاءً قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّه بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرنى مَحمودُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^٢). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيع، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الغَداةِ فثَقُلَت عليه القراءةُ، فلما انصَرَفَ قال: \"إِنِّى أَراكُم تَقرَءونَ وراءَ إِمامِكُم؟ \". قال: قُلنا: أَجَل واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا لَنَفعَلُ هَذا. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا إِلا بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\"\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٥٦)، ومسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٤)، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٢٣٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢). وتقدم فى (٢٥٠٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٥).","vol":"4","page":32},{"text":"فإنَّه لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بها\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ التَّنوخِىِّ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه إِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ ويَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وجَماعَةٌ عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٢). ورواه إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِسحاقَ وذكَر فيه سَماعَ ابنِ إِسحاقَ مِن مَكحولٍ:\n\n٢٩٥٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى مَكحولٌ. بهَذا وقالَ فيه: فقالَ: \"إِنِّى لأراكُم تَقرَءونَ خَلفَ إِمامِكُم إذا جَهرَ\". قُلنا: أَجَل واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَذًّا. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا إِلا بأُمِّ القُرآنِ، فإِنَّه لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بها\" (^٣). قال علىُّ بنُ عمرَ: هذا إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ.\n\n٢٩٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ الأزدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ (^٤)، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ مَحمودِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٠٨). وأخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٤) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٧١)، وأبو داود (٨٢٣)، والترمذى (٣١١)، وابن حبان (١٨٤٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به، وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٨١)، وابن حبان (١٧٨٥، ١٧٩٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون وابن علية به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١١٤)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٤٥) عن يعقوب به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"جماز\".","vol":"4","page":33},{"text":"ابنِ الرَّبيع الأنصارِىِّ، قال نافِعٌ: أَبطأَ عُبادَةُ عن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فأَقامَ أبو نُعَيمٍ المُؤَذِّنُ الصَّلاةَ، فصَلَّى أبو نُعَيمٍ بالناسِ، فأَقبَلَ عُبادَةُ وأَنا معه حَتَّى صَفَفنا خَلفَ أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأبو نُعَيمٍ يَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ، فجَعَلَ عُبادَةُ يَقرأُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قُلتُ لِعُبادَةَ: سَمِعتُكَ تَقرأُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وأبو نُعَيمٍ يَجهَرُ. قالَ: أَجَل، صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعضَ الصَّلَواتِ الَّتِى يَجهَرُ فيها بالقراءةِ، فالتَبَسَت عليه القراءةُ، فلمَّا انصَرَفَ أَقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"هَل تَقرَءونَ إذا جَهَرتُ بالقراءةِ؟ \". فقالَ بَعضُنا: إنا نَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ. قال: \"فلا، وأَنا أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازَعُ القُرآنَ! فلا تَقرَءوا بشَئٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ إذا جَهَرتُ إِلا بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٩٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ العَلاءِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عُبادَةَ، نَحوَ حَديثِ الرَّبيع بنِ سليمانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٦٠ - قالَ الشيخُ: ورواه غَيرُه عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وغَيرِه عن مَكحولٍ عن مَحمودٍ عن أبى نُعَيمٍ أنَّه سمِع عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هَل تَقرَءونَ فى الصَّلاةِ مَعِى؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلُوا إلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨٢٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٩ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يوسف به. والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٥) من طريق زيد بن واقد به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٧ م)، وأبو داود (٨٢٥). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٨).","vol":"4","page":34},{"text":"العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: حدَّثنى غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِنهُم سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ التَّنوخِىُّ. فذكَره (^١)، وهَذا خَطأٌ، إنَّما المُؤَذِّنُ والإِمامُ كان أبو نُعَيمٍ، والحَديثُ عن مَكحولٍ عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيع عن عُبادَةَ. وعَن مَكحولٍ عن نافِعِ بنِ مَحمودٍ عن عُبادَةَ، فكأَنَّه سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ قال: قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: قَولُه: عن أبى نُعَيمٍ. أَظنه قال: خَطأٌ، إنَّما كان أبو نُعَيمٍ المُؤَذِّنَ ولَيسَ هو كما قالَ (^٢) الوَليدُ عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن عُبادَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه أَيضًا حَرامُ (^٤) بنُ حَكيمٍ عن نافعِ بنِ مَحمودٍ:\n\n٢٩٦١ - أخبرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدَّثَنا مُحمدُ بنُ زَنجُويَه وأبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقىُّ واللفظ لَه قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ الصُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن حَرامِ (^٤) بنِ حَكيمٍ ومَكحولٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ مَحمودِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ -كَذا قال- أنَّه سمِع عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ يقرأُ بأُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٩ من طريق أبى زرعة به.\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"قال\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٩.\n(^٤) فى س: \"حزام\".","vol":"4","page":35},{"text":"القُرآنِ وأبو نُعَيمٍ يَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ فقُلتُ: رأَيتُكَ صَنَعتَ فى صَلاتِكَ شَيئًا. قال: وما ذاكَ؟ قال: سَمِعتُكَ تَقرأُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وأبو نُعَيمٍ يَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ. قال: نَعَم، صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعضَ الصَّلَواتِ الَّتِى يَجهَرُ فيها بالقراءةِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"مِنكُم مِن أَحَدٍ يَقرأُ شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ إذا جَهَرتُ بالقراءةِ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وأَنا أَقولُ: ما لِى أُنازِعُ القُرآنَ، لا يَقرأنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنكُم شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ إذا جَهَرتُ بالقراءةِ إِلا بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^١). قال أبو الحسنِ الدَّارَقُطنِىُّ ﵀: هذا إِسنادٌ حَسَنٌ ورِجالُه ثِقاتٌ.\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رواه هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ عن صَدَقَةَ:\n\n٢٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عَمّارٍ، حدَّثَنا صَدَقَةُ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ حَكيمٍ ومَكحولٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ مَحمودٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عُبادَةَ -قال: وكانَ على إيلياءَ- فأَبطأَ عُبادَةُ عن الصُّبحِ، فأَقامَ أبو نُعَيمٍ الصَّلاةَ، وكانَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَذَنَ ببَيتِ المَقدِسِ، فجِئتُ مَعَ عُبادَةَ حَتَّى صَفَّ مَعَ النّاسِ، وأبو نُعَيمٍ يَجهَرُ بالقُرآنِ، فقَرأَ عُبادَةُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ حَتَّى فهِمتُها مِنه، فلمَّا انصَرَفَ قُلتُ: سَمِعتُكَ تَقرأُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ؟ قال: نَعَم صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعضَ الصَّلاةِ الَّتِى يَجهَرُ فيها بالقراءةِ، فقالَ: \"لا يَقرأَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنكُم إذا جَهَرتُ بالقراءةِ إِلا بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٢٠) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٥) عن صدقة به.","vol":"4","page":36},{"text":"والحَديثُ صَحيحٌ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، ولَه شَواهِدُ، مِنها ما:\n\n٢٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ سَختُويَه لَفظًا، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدَّثَنا الأشجَعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عائشَةَ، عن رجلٍ مِن أَصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَلَّكُم تَقرَءونَ والإِمامُ يَقرأُ؟ \". قالوا: إنّا لَنَفعَلُ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا إِلا أَن يَقرأَ أَحَدُكُم بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" (^١). هذا إِسنادٌ جَيِّدٌ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ. ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ:\n\n٢٩٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ قراءةً عليه، حدَّثَنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أَيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أَنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- لما قَضى صَلاتَه أَقبَلَ عَلَيهِم بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"أَتَقرَءونَ فى صَلاِتكُم والإِمامُ يَقرأُ؟ \". فسَكَتوا، فقالَ لَهُم ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فقالَ قائلٌ أَو قائلونَ: إنّا لَنَفعَلُ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا، ليَقرأْ أَحَدُكُم بفاتِحَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٧٠) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٦٥)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٧) من طريق خالد الحذاء به، قال الذهبى ٢/ ١١٦: إبراهيم، قال صالح جزرة: كان يكذب، أشكل على الناس أمره عشرين حتى ظهر بعد بالكذب وقال موسى بن هارون: تركوه. قلت -يعنى الذهبى-: لكن الحديث فى مسند أحمد عن يحيى بن آدم عن سفيان.","vol":"4","page":37},{"text":"الكِتابِ فى نَفسِه\" (^١).\n\n٢٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ برِوايَتِه عن أَنَسٍ عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ وهو ثِقَةٌ، إِلا أَنَّ هذا إنَّما يُعرَفُ عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عائشَةَ:\n\n٢٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثنى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى القراءةِ. قال إِسماعيلُ عن خالِدٍ: قُلتُ لأبِى قِلابَةَ: مَن حدَّثَكَ هَذا؟ قال: محمدُ بنُ أبى عائشَةَ مَولًى لِبَنى أُمَيَّةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٣٩). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٨٠٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢١٨، وابن حبان (١٨٤٤، ١٨٥٢)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢٦٨٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٤٠ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به.\nقال البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٧: ولا يصح أنس. وقال أبو حاتم كما فى العلل ٢/ ٤٤٤: وهم فيه عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو، والحديث ما رواه خالد الحذاء عن أبى قلابة عن محمد بن أبى عائشة عن رجل من أصحاب النبى -ﷺ- عن النبى -ﷺ-.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٤٩). وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٧ عن أبى سلمة به. وعبد الرزاق (٢٧٦٥) عن أيوب به.\n(^٣) البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٧: وأخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٥٨) من طريق محمد بن سليمان بن فارس به.","vol":"4","page":38},{"text":"٢٩٦٧ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ قال: حُدِّثتُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أتَقرَءونَ خَلفِى؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"فلا تفعَلوا إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتَابِ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وهو مُرسَلٌ. وقَد روِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ عن أَبيه. [وفيما ذكَرناه غُنْيةٌ] (^٢).\n\n٢٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ هو ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدَّثنى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ مَولَى الحُرَقَةِ، عن أبى السّائبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أَسمَعُ، حدَّثَنا يشرُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا السائب مَولَى هِشامِ بنِ زُهرَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاةً لم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٢٥)، وعبد بن حميد (١٨٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"فيما ذكرنا عنه\".","vol":"4","page":39},{"text":"يَقرأْ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ غَيرُ تَمامٍ\". قال: فقُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ، إِنِّى أَكونُ أَحيانًا خَلفَ الإمامِ فأَقرأُ خَلفَهُ؟ قال: فأَخَذَ ذِراعِى فقالَ: اقرأْ يا فارِسِىُّ بها فى نَفسِكَ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"قالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: قَسَمتُ الصَّلاةَ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصفَينِ؟ نِصفُها لِى، ونِصفُها لِعَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\". قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: حَمِدَنِى عَبدِى. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: أَثنَى عَلَىَّ عَبدِى. يقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّهُ: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى. يَقولُ العَبدُ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. قال اللَّهُ: هذا بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ\". وفِى حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ: \"وإِذا قال: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. قال: مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى، فهَذا لِى وما بَقِىَ لَه. يقولُ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾.\". ثم قرأَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ (^١). أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٦٩ - ورواه الحُمَيدِىُّ فى كِتابِ \"الرد\"، عن (^٣) سُفيانَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أَبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ صَلاةٍ لا يُقرأُ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ، إِنِّى أَسمَعُ قراءةَ الإمامِ. فقالَ: يا فارِسِىُّ - أَو يا ابنَ الفارِسِىِّ- اقرأْ بها فى نَفسِكَ. أخبرَناه أبو سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٥٠، ٥٤). وتقدم فى (٢٤٠١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٥/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"على\".","vol":"4","page":40},{"text":"حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوّينا القراءةَ خَلفَ الإمامِ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ؛ مِنهُم أَميرُ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّابِ:\n\n٢٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن جَوّابٍ التَّيمِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ شَريكٍ، أنَّه سألَ عمرَ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فقالَ: اقرأْ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ. قُلتُ: وإِن كُنتَ أَنتَ؟ قال: وإِن كُنتُ أَنا. قُلتُ: وإِن جَهَرتَ؟ قال: وإِن جَهَرتُ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإصطَخرِىُّ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ مِن كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نَوفَلٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣). قال عَلِىٌّ: رواتُه كُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ.\nقالَ الشيخ: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ عليه سائرُ الرِّواياتِ أَنَّ جَوّابًا أَخَذَه عن يَزيدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦٣)، والحميدى (٩٧٤). وتقدم فى (٢٤٠٠).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٨٨، ١٨٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٧.","vol":"4","page":41},{"text":"شَريكٍ، وإِبراهيمَ أَخَذَه عن الحارِثِ بنِ سوَيدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ شَريكٍ. ولإِبراهيمَ فيه إِسنادٌ آخَرُ:\n\n٢٩٧٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ المُنتَشِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَبايَةَ رجلًا مِن بنى تَميمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ يقولُ: لا صَلاةَ إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ ومَعَها. قال: قُلتُ: أرأَيتَ إذا كُنتُ خَلفَ الإمامِ؟ قال: اقرأْ فى نَفسِكَ (^١).\nومِنهُم أَميرُ المُؤمِنينَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ:\n\n٢٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٢) بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىِّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن أَبيه (ح) وأَخبرَنا يَعقوبُ، حدَّثَنا المُعَلَّى (^٣)، عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه كان يأمُرُ أَو يَحُثُّ (^٤) أَن يقرأَ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِى الرَّكعَتَينِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩١).\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"على\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"يوجب\"، وفى المعرفة وشرح المعانى: \"يحب\".","vol":"4","page":42},{"text":"الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الأعلَى السامِىُّ (^٢) عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣)، وهو أَصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ حَيثُ قال: عن أَبيه، عن علىٍّ. ورواه غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ مَعمَرٍ.\n\n٢٩٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا إِسحاقُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن عَلِىٍّ. وعَن مَولًى لَهُم عن جابِرٍ، قالا: يَقرأُ الإمامُ ومَن خَلفَه فى الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٤).\nوسَماعُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ عن علىٍّ ثابِتٌ، وكانَ كاتِبًا لَه.\nورُوّينا عن الحَكَمِ وحَمّادٍ أَنَّ عَليًّا كان يأْمُرُ بالقراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٥). وهو مُرسَلٌ شاهِدٌ لِما تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ المَوصولِ، وفِى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على ضَعفِ ما رُوِى عن علىٍّ بخِلافِه بأَسانيدَ لا يَسوَى ذِكرُها لِضَعفِها.\nومِنهُم عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩٧)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤١٩.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الشامى\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى مصدرى التخريج، وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٤/ ٥٥٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٠)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩٦) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٥). وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨ - ٢١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧١)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام عقب (١٩٦).","vol":"4","page":43},{"text":"٢٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سبمةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ يَقرأَ خَلفَ الإِمامِ فقُلتُ له: تَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ؟ فقالَ عُبادَةُ: لا صَلاةَ إِلا بقراءةٍ (^١).\n\n٢٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُسلِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ قال: سَمِعتُ حَمَلَةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، أنه رأَى رجلًا لا يُتِمُّ رُكوعَه ولا سُجودَه، فأَتاه فأَخَذَ بيَدِه فقالَ: لا تَشَبَّهوا بهَذا ولا بأَمثالِه، إنَّه لا صَلاةَ إِلا بأُمِّ الكِتابِ، فإِن كُنتَ خَلفَ إِمامٍ فاقرأْ فى نَفسِكَ، وإِن كُنتَ وحدَكَ فأَسمِعْ أُذُنَيكَ، ولا تُؤذِ مَن عن يَمينِكَ ومَن عن يَسارِكَ (^٢). هو مُسلِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه العَكِّىُّ الشَّامِىُّ، ومَذهَبُ عُبادَةَ فى ذَلِكَ مَشهورٌ.\nومِنهُم أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ:\n\n٢٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ العَتيقُ، حدَّثَنا إِسحاقُ الرَّازِىُّ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ الرَّازِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٠١)، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٧) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٠٤).","vol":"4","page":44},{"text":"أبى سِنانٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيل قال: سأَلتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ: أَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\nومِنهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ:\n\n٢٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَملِى، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن أَشعَثِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زيادٍ الأسَدِىِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ خَلفَ الإمامِ، فسمِعتُه يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ (^٢).\nوَمِنهُم مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ:\n\n٢٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَحمدٍ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الفَيضِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا شَيبَةَ المَهرِىَّ يقولُ: سألَ رجلٌ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ، قال: إذا قرأَ فاقرأْ بفاتِّحَةِ الكِتابِ و﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. وإِذا لم تَسمَعْ فاقرأْ فى نَفسِكَ، ولا تُؤذِى مَن عن يَمينِكَ ولا مَن عن شِمالِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٧، ٣١٨. وأخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٥٣) من طريق إسحاق الرازى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦١٤: هذا غريب.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٠٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٦٩) عن شريك به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"محمود\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما سيأتى فى (٢٩٩١). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥٠٥.\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٣٠٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٦) من طريق شعبة به. =","vol":"4","page":45},{"text":"ومِنهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ:\n\n٢٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن العَيزارِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اقرأْ خَلفَ الإمامِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^١).\n\n٢٩٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا تَدَعْ أَن تَقرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فى كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ خَلفَ الإمامِ، جَهَرَ أَو لم يَجهَرْ (^٢).\nومِنهُم عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قَد مَضَت رِوايَةُ أبى الأزهَرِ الضُّبَعِىِّ عن أبى العاليَةِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٢٩٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمد، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ وابنَ عُتبَةَ يَقرآنِ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٤). كَذا قالَ.\n_________\n= وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦١٤: فيه إرسال.\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٠٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٩٠) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٧٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٢) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٩٤٢، ٢٩٤٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٠٨).","vol":"4","page":46},{"text":"ورُوِى عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ بمَعناه (^١). وعِندِى أنَّه أَرادَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ.\n\n٢٩٨٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُصَينٌ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ فسَمِعتُه يَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ، فلَقيتُ مُجاهِدًا فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ مُجاهِدٌ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ يَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ مِن سورَةِ \"مَريَمَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٩٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصَينٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٣). هذا إِسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وكَذَلِكَ ما قَبلَه.\nومِنهُم أبو هريرةَ، وقَد مَضَت رِوايَةُ العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أَبيه وعَن أبى السّائب عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\nومِنهُم أبو الدَّرداء:\n\n٢٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٤٠٩) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٦٧)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢١٧) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢١٥).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٩٦٨، ٢٩٦٩).","vol":"4","page":47},{"text":"حيَّان، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الحَوارِىِّ (^١) وعَمرُو ابنُ عثمانَ ومَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ وكَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن حَسَّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، أَنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ قال: لا تَترُكْ قراءةَ فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ خَلفَ الإمامِ جَهَرَ أَو لم يَجهَرْ. هذا لَفظُ كَثيرٍ، وزادَ عَلِىُّ وابنُ أبى الحَوارِىِّ (^١): ولَو أَن تَقرأَ وأَنتَ راكِعٌ.\nزادَ عمرٌو وحدَه: وِإن كان راكِعًا فاقرأْها إذا عَلِمتَ أَنَّكَ تُدرِكُ آخِرَها (^٢).\nوَمِنهُم جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأنصارِىُّ:\n\n٢٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\nوَمِنهُم أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ:\n\n٢٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الجوارى\". والمثبت هو الصواب. وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٢/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٩). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦١٥: منقطع.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٤٣) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٤٥) من طريق مسعر به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٨٧).","vol":"4","page":48},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سَهلٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ قالَ: سأَلتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ عن القراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فقالَ: بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^١).\nومِنهُم هِشامُ بنُ عامِرٍ:\n\n٢٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الحاكِمُ الإسفرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، أَنَّ هِشامَ بنَ عامِرٍ قرأَ فقيلَ له: أَتَقرأُ خَلفَ الإمامِ؟ قال: إنّا لَنَفعَلُ (^٢).\nومِنهُم أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ:\n\n٢٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى \"التاريخ\"، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الوَجيه يَعنى النَّيسايورِىَّ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسٍ قالَ: كان يأمُرُنا بالقراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ. قالَ: وكُنتُ أقومُ (^٣) إلى جَنبِ أَنَسٍ فيَقرأُ (^٤) بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ، ويُسمِعُنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٤). وأخرجه البخارى فى تاريخه ٧/ ٦٧، وقى القراءة خلف الإمام (٥٧) من طريق العوام به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ١٧١ (٤٤٣) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع (٢٦٥٠): ورجاله موثقون. (ط. دار الفكر).\n(^٣) فى س: \"أقرأ\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.","vol":"4","page":49},{"text":"قراءتَه لِنأخُذَ عَنه (^١).\nكَذا قال. ورواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ فى كِتابِ \"القراءة خلف الإمام\" عن أحمدَ ابنِ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىِّ عن النَّضرِ عن العَوّامِ، قال: وهو ابنُ حَمزَة:\n\n٢٩٩٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثنى محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامىُّ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا العَوَّامُ وهو ابنُ حمزة. فذكَره بمثلِه (^٢)، وهَذا أَصَحُّ.\nومِنهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُغَفلٍ المُزَنِىُّ:\n\n٢٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى إِسحاقَ وحَمَّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ ويَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى إِسحاقَ، عن عمرَ بنِ أبى سُحَيمٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مُغَفلٍ المُزَنِىُّ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا أَن نَقرأَ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٣). تابَعَه سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ عن شُعبَةَ.\nومِنهُم عائشَةُ الصِّدّيقَةُ بنتُ الصِّدّيق ﵂ وعن أبيها:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٥). وعلقه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٦١) عن حماد بن سلمة به. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٤٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبى إسحاق به.","vol":"4","page":50},{"text":"٢٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو يَحيَى السَّمَرقَندِىُّ مُشافَهَةً، أَنَّ محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ حدَّثَهم، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن عائشَةَ وعَن أبى هريرةَ أَنَّهُما كانا يأمُرانِ بالقراءةِ وراءَ الإمامِ إذا لم يَجهَرْ (^١).\n\n٢٩٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رُستَةَ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ إِبرَاهيمَ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ ابنُ بَهدَلَةَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ وعائشَةَ أَنَّهُما كانا يأمُرانِ بالقراءةِ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى الطهرِ والعَصرِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وشَئٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ، وكانَت عائشَةُ تَقرأُ فى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ (^٤)، وروِّيناه عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ:\n\n٢٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ العَلاءِ قالوا: كان مَكحولٌ يقولُ: اقرأْ فى المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ والصُّبحِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فى كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ سِرًّا. قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢٢) من طريق عمرو بن أبى قيس عن عاصم به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"زهير\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٣، ٢٣٤).","vol":"4","page":51},{"text":"مَكحولٌ: اقرأْ بها فيما جَهَرَ بها الإمامُ إذا قرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسَكَتَ سِرًّا، وإِن لم يَسكُتْ قَرأتَها قَبلَه ومَعَه وبَعدَه لا تَترُكَنَها على حالٍ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّه قال: لِلإِمامِ سَكتَتانِ فاغتَنِموهُما (^٢).\n\n٢٩٩٥ - أَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حبّان، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدَّثنى أحمدُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: لَكِنَّ مَن مَضَى كانوا إذا كَبَّروا مَكَثَ الإمامُ ساعَةً لا يَقرأُ قَدرَ ما يَقرَءونَ بأُمِّ الكِتابِ. قال عبدُ الرزاقِ: قال ابنُ جُرَيج فى حَديثِه، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كانوا إذا كَبَّروا لا يَفتَتِحونَ القراءةَ حَتَّى يَعلَمَ أَنَّ مَن خَلفَه قَد قرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n٢٩٩٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ، عن أَبيه أنَّه قال: يا بَنِىَّ اقرَءوا فى سَكتَةِ الإمامِ، فإِنَّه لا تَتِمُّ صَلاةٌ إِلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٤).\n\n٢٩٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حاتِمٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٠)، وأبو داود (٨٢٥)، وعندهما: جهر به. مكان: جهر بها. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٧٨٩).\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٣٨).","vol":"4","page":52},{"text":"هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ ومَنصورٌ، عن الحسنِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: اقرأْ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى كُلِّ صَلاةٍ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فى نَفسِكَ (^١).\n\n٢٩٩٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثنا أبو إِسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه كان يقولُ: اقرأْ خَلفَ الإمامِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وفِى الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ (^٢).\n\n٢٩٩٩ - أَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يُحَسِّنُ القراءةَ خَلفَ الإمامِ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٠٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيعٌ قال: قال ابنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: اقرأْ فى خَمسِهِنَّ، يقولُ: الصَّلَواتِ كُلِّها (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-669>بابُ خَتمِ الصَّلاةِ بالتَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٣٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٩) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٠) عن هشيم يه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٩) عن وكيع به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٤٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٥٧) عن وكيع به.","vol":"4","page":53},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ اللَّه السَّعدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أَصلِه، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه السَّعدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى هو ابنُ الحسينِ المُعَلِّمُ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا بُدَيلٌ، عن أبى الجَوزاءِ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّكبيرِ، والقراءةَ بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ لم يُشخِصْ رأسَه ولَم يُصَوِّبْه ولَكِن بَينَ ذَلِكَ، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ لم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ قائمًا، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ السُّجُودِ لم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ قاعِدًا، وكانَ يَفرِشُ رِجلَه اليُسرَى ويَنصِبُ رِجلَه اليُمنَى، وكانَ يقولُ بَينَ كُل رَكعَتَينِ تَحيَّةً، وكانَ يَنهانا عن عَقِبِ الشَّيطانِ، وكانَ يَنهانا أَن يَفتَرِشَ أَحَدُنا ذِراعَيه افتِراشَ السَّبُعِ، وكانَ يَختِمُ الصَّلاةَ بالتَّسليمِ. لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ، إِلا أَنَّ فى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ: وكانَ يَنهَى عن عَقِبِ الشَّيطانِ. قال عبدُ الأعلَى: عَقِبُ الشَّيطانِ أَن يَقعُدَ على ظَهرِ قَدَمَيه جَميعًا. أَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ وغَيرِه عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-670>بابُ تَحليلِ الصَّلاةِ بالتَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٣٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا إِبراهيمُ ابنُ إِسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ ويَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٩١، ٢٥٨٧، ٢٧٤١).","vol":"4","page":54},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ القِبطيَّةِ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قُلنا، يَعنِى الإِشارَةَ بإِصبَعِه السَّبابَةِ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُمُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم. فقالَ لَنا يَعنِى النبىَّ -ﷺ-: \"ما بالُ أَقوامٍ يَرمونَ بأيديهِم فى الصَّلاةِ كأنَّها أَذنابُ الخَيلِ الشُّمسِ (^١)؟! أَلا يَكفِى أَحَدَكُم أَو أَحَدَهُم أَن يَضَعَ يَدَه على فخِذِه، ثم يُسَلِّمَ على أَخيه مِن عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِه؟ \" (^٢).\n\n٣٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا ووَكيعٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه ابنِ القِبطيَّةِ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَلَّمَ أَحَدُنا أَشارَ بيَدِه مِن عن يَمينِه ومِن عن شِمالِه، فلَمّا صلَّى قال: \"ما بالُ أَحَدِكُم يَرمِى بيَدِه كأنَّها أَذنابُ خَيل الشُّمسِ إنَّما يَكفِى -[أو: أَلا] (^٣) يَكْفِى- أحَدَكُم أَن يَقولَ هَكَذا\". وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه: \"ويُسَلِّمَ على أَخيه مِن عن يَمينِه ومِن عن شِمالِه\" (^٤). رواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ وعَن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ زكريا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ بمَعنَى هذا الحَديثِ إِلا أنَّه قال: \"أَما يَكفَى\" (^٥). لم يَشُكَّ فيه، وجَعَلَ اللَّفظَ لابنِ أبى زائدَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) الشُّمس: بضم الميم وإسكانها: التى لا تستقر إذا نخست، وهو فى الناس العسر، يقال فى جمعه: شموس. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٠٦)، وأبو داود (٩٩٩)، والنسائى (١١٨٤، ١٣١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧٣٣) من طريق مسعر به. وسيأتى فى (٣٠٢٣، ٣٠٣٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٨١).\n(^٣) فى النسخ: \"أولًا\". والمثبت من سنن أبى داود.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٩٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٨) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٣١/ ١٢٠).","vol":"4","page":55},{"text":"٣٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن علىٍّ يَرفَعُه إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الطُّهورُ، وإِحرامُها التَّكبيرُّ، وإِحلالُها التَّسليم\" (^١).\nورُوّينا ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وغَيرِه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢)، وفِى ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على ضَعفِ ما:\n\n٣٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ مِن أَصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا جَلَسَ مِقدارَ التَّشَهُّدِ ثم أَحدَثَ فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُه (^٣).\nعاصِمُ بنُ ضَمرَةَ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤). وأَميرُ المُؤمِنينَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ لا يُخالِفُ ما رواه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، وإِن صحَّ إن صحَّ ذَلِكَ عنه قهوَ مَحجوجٌ بما رواه هو وغَيرُه عن سَيِّدِنا المُصطَفَى -ﷺ- الذى لا حُجَّةَ فى قَولِ أَحَدٍ مِن أُمَّتِه مَعَه.\n\n٣٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٩٣). وسيأتى فى (٣٤١٩، ٤٠٢٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٩٤، ٢٥٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد فى العلل ١/ ٤٢٦ (٩٣٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٠ من طريق أبى عاصم به. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (٢/ ١٩٣) (٣٠٦)، وما تقدم عقب (٢٨٦٥).\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى (٢٨٦٥).","vol":"4","page":56},{"text":"سَعَيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إِسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ قال: قال عِبدُ اللَّهِ: مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ التَّكبيرُ، وانقِضاؤُها التَّسليمُ، إذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ فقُمْ إِن شِئتَ (^١).\nوهَذا الأثَرُ الصَّحيحُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ يَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ ما نَقولُه فيما:\n\n٣٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ (^٢) علىُّ بنُ حمُّويَه ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ قال: أَخَذَ عَلقَمَهُ بيَدِى وحَدَّثَنِى أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ مَسعودٍ أَخَذَ بيَدِه، وأَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَخَذَ بيَدِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فعَلَّمَه التَّشَهُّدَ فى الصَّلاةِ وقالَ: \"قُل: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أَيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عبادِ اللَّه الصّالِحينَ\". قال أبو خَيثَمَةَ: وزادَنِى فى هذا الحَديثِ بَعضُ أَصحابِنا عن الحسنِ: \"أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\". قال أبو خَيثَمَةَ: بَلَغَ حِفظى عن الحسنِ فى بَقيَّةِ هذا الحَديثِ: \"إذا فعَلتَ هذا -أو- قَضَيتَ هذا، فقَد قَضَيتَ صَلاتَكَ، إِن شِئتَ أَن تَقومَ فقُمْ، وإِن شِئتَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٤٣٠، ٤٣١ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق شعبة به. والفضل بن دكين في كتاب الصلاة (٢)، وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٤٢٩ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، والطبرانى (٩٢٧١) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٢٩٤). قال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٠٤: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) فى س: \"أحمد\".","vol":"4","page":57},{"text":"أَن تَقعُدَ فاقعُدْ\" (^١). هذا حَديثٌ قَد رواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ وأَدرَجوا آخِرَ الحَديثِ فى أَوَّلِه، وقَد أَشارَ يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى إلى ذَهابِ بَعضِ الحَديثِ عن زُهَيرٍ فى حِفظِه عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ. ورواه أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ عن زُهَيرٍ، وزَعَمَ أَنَّ بَعضَ الحَديثِ انمَحَى مِن كِتابِه أَو خُرِّقَ (^٢).\nورواه شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ عن زُهَيرٍ، وفَصَلَ آخِرَ الحَديثِ مِن أَوَّلِه، وجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، وكأنَّه أَخَذَه عنه قَبلَ ذَهابِه مِن حِفظِه، أَو مِن كِتابِه:\n\n٣٠٠٨ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ الحُرِّ. فذكَر الحديثَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى إلى قَولِه: \"الصَّالِحينَ\". ثم قال: \"أَشهَدُ أَن لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ، وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\". قال عبدُ اللَّه: فإِذا قُلتَ ذَلِكَ فقَد قَضَيتَ ما عَلَيكَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، فإِن شِئتَ أَن تَقومَ فقُمْ، وإِن شِئتَ أَن تَقعُدَ فاقعُدْ (^٣). قال عَلِىٌّ ﵀: شَبابَةُ ثِقَةٌ، وقَد فصَلَ آخِرَ الحَديثِ جَعَلَه مِن قَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وهو أصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ مَن أَدرَجَ آخِرَه فى كَلامِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٠٦)، وأبو داود (٩٧٠)، وابن حبان (١٩٦١)، من طريق زهير بن معاوية به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٥، والطبرانى (٩٩٢٥)، والخطيب فى المدرج ١/ ١٠٦ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٣.","vol":"4","page":58},{"text":"واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nوقَد تابَعَه غَسّانُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ وغَيرُه، فرواه عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ كَذَلِكَ، آخِرُ الحَديثِ مِن كَلامِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ لم يَرفَعْه إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ-. أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ قال: وهِمَ زُهَيرٌ فى رِوايَتِه عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ، وأَدرَجَ فى كَلامِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- ما لَيسَ مِن كَلامِه، وهو قَولُه: إذا فعَلتَ هذا فقَد قَضَيتَ صَلاتَكَ. وهَذا إنَّما هو عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، كَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ عن الحسنِ ابنِ الحُرِّ:\n\n٣٠٠٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَزيزٍ، حدَّثَنا غَسّانُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ. فذكَر الحديثَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ شَبابَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقالَ فى آخِرِه: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: إذا فرَغتَ مِن هذا فقَد قَضَيتَ صَلاتَكَ، فإِن شِئتَ فقُمْ، وإِن شِئتَ فاقعُدْ (^١).\n\n٣٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مُصَفَّى، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ ثَوبانَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: عَلَّمَنِى النبىُّ -ﷺ- التَّشَهُّدَ. فذكَره إلى: \"عَبدُه ورسولُه\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٦٢)، والطبرانى (٩٩٢٤)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٤ من طريق غسان بن الربيع به، وعند الطبرانى بدون قول ابن مسعود. وصححه الألبانى فى تعيلقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (١٩٥٩).","vol":"4","page":59},{"text":"قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسعودٍ: فإذا فرَغتَ مِن صَلاتِكَ فإن شِئتَ فاثبُتْ وإِن شِئتَ فانصَرِفْ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذِه اللَّفظَهُ: فإِذا فرَغتَ مِن صَلاتِكَ. إِن كانَت مَحفوظَة، أَشبَهُ بما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ فى انقِضاءِ الصَّلاةِ بالتَّسليمِ، وبِما سَنَرويه عنه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّسليمِ، وكأَنَّه أَرادَ خِلافَ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّه لا يَجوزُ لِلمأمومِ أَن يَنصَرِفَ بَعدَ الفَراغِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ قَبلَ انصِرافِ الإمامِ، وإِن كانَتِ اللَّفظَةُ الأُولَى ثابِتَةً عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فمَعلوم أَنَّ تَعليمَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ تَشَهُّدَ الصَّلاةِ كان فى ابتِداءِ ما شُرعَ التَّشَهُّدُ، ثم كان بَعدَه شَرعُ الصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، بدَليلِ قَولِهِم: قَد عَرَفنا السَّلامَ عَلَيكَ، فكَيفَ الصَّلاةُ عَلَيكَ؟ ثم شُرعَ التَّسليمُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ معه أَو بَعدَه، فصارَ الأمرُ إِلَيه، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\nوالَّذِى يُؤَكِّدُ هذا ما:\n\n٣٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ مِن أَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إِسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِىُّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدَّثَنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا قَضَى التَّشَهُّدَ فى الصَّلاةِ أَقبَلَ على النّاسِ بوَجهِه قَبلَ أَن يَنزِلَ التَّسليمُ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن عمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى المدرج ١/ ١١٢ من طريق محمد بن مصفى به.","vol":"4","page":60},{"text":"يَنزِلَ التَّسليمُ (^١). وهَذا وإِن كان مُرسَلًا فهوَ موافِق لِلأحاديثِ المَوصولَةِ المُسنَدَةِ فى التَّسليمِ.\n\n٣٠١٢ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الذى أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُس، حدَّثَنا زهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أَنعُمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رافِعٍ وبَكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا قَضَى الإمامُ الصَّلاةَ وقَعَدَ، فأَحدَثَ قَبلَ أَن يَتَكَلَّمَ، فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُه، ومَن كان خَلفَه مِمَّن أَتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٢). فإِنَّه لا يَصِحُّ. وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ يَنفَرِدُ به، وهو مُختَلَفٌ عليه فى لَفظِهِ، وعَبدُ الرحَمنِ لا يُحتَجُّ به؛ كان يَحيَى القَطّانُ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ لا يُحَدِّثان عنه لِضعفِه، وجَرُحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُهُما مِنَ الحُفّاظِ (^٣)، ثم الجَوابُ عنه كالجَوابِ عَمّا رُوّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-671>بابُ الاختيارِ فى أن يُسَلِّمَ تَسليمَتَيِن</span>\n\n٣٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّد، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ ومَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٤٤) من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وسيأتى فى (٤٠٣١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٦١٧). وتقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٦٣). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٢٢).\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٧٧٧).","vol":"4","page":61},{"text":"رجلٍ بمَكَّةَ فسَلَّمَ تَسليمَتَينِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبدِ اللَّه فقالَ: أنَّى عَقَلَها؟ وقالَ الحَكَمُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ ابنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٢)، إلا أنَّه قال: أنَّى عَلِقَها (^٣)؟\n\n٣٠١٤ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ، أنَّ إمامًا لأهلِ مَكَةَ سَلَّمَ تَسليمَتَينِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبدِ اللَّه، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّه: أنَّى عَلِقَها (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ ابنِ حَنبَلٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وزادَ فيه: قال شُعبَةُ: رَفَعَه مَرَّةً (^٥).\n\n٣٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ. فذكَره وقالَ: إنَّ أميرًا أو رجلًا (^٦).\nولِهَذا الحديث شَواهِدُ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٣٠١٦ - مِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (١٣٨٦) عن مسدد به. وأبو يعلى (٥٢٤٤) عن يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٨١/ ١١٧).\n(^٣) فى س: \"عقلها\". وعلقها: أى من أين حصل على هذه السنة وظفر بها، الديباج على مسلم ٢/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) فى س: \"عقلها\". والحديث عند الطيالسى (٣٦٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٨١/ ١١٨).\n(^٦) أحمد (٤٢٣٩).","vol":"4","page":62},{"text":"ابنُ القاسِمِ (^١) السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ حاتِمٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ قَيسٍ والأسوَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ وأبو الأحوَصِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُسَلِّمُ عن يَمينِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ خَدِّه الأيمَنِ، وعَن يَسارِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّه\". حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ خَدِّه الأيسَرِ (^٢). هذا حَديثٌ رواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (^٣) وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ (^٤) وأبو الأحوَصِ (^٥) وعُمَرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ (^٦) وِإسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ (^٧) وشَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه النَّخَعِىُّ (^٨) عن أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى الأحوَصِ والأسوَدِ، وفِى رِوايَةٍ ثالِثَةٍ عنه عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ عن أبيه وعَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"بن\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٣٢٤) من طريق على بن الحسن به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٢٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٩٩)، وأبو داود (٩٩٦)، والنسائى (١٣٢٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٣) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩٦) من طريق زائدة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩٦)، وابن حبان (١٩٩١) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢٨٠)، وأبو داود (٩٩٦)، والنسائى (١٣٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٩١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٧٣٨)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٠) من طريق عمر بن عبد الطنافس به.\n(^٧) سيأتى فى (٣٠١٨).\n(^٨) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٩٦).","vol":"4","page":63},{"text":"٣٠١٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ قالا: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه وعَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أنا رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُكَبِّرُ فى كُلِّ رَفعٍ ووَضعٍ وقيامٍ وقُعودٍ، ويُسَلِّمُّ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِه حَتَّى أرَى بَياضَ خَدَّيه فى كِلْتَيهِما، ورأيتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ يَفعَلانِ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٣٠١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ وزُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ بمثلِه، وزادَ: السَّلام عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". ورأيتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ يَفعَلانِهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرٍ (^٣). وكانَ أبو الحسنِ الدّارقُطنِىُّ ﵀ يَستَحسِنُ هَذِه الرِّوايَةَ ويَقولُ: هِىَ أحسَنُها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٦٠)، والنسائى (١٣١٨)، وذكره أبو داود عقب (٩٩٦) من طريق زهير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٢٥١).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٨٥)، وفى المعرفة (٩٣٨)، وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٧٢) من طريق إسرائيل به. والنسائى (١١٤١) من طريق زهير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٩٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٢٤٩) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به.","vol":"4","page":64},{"text":"إسنادًا. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عنه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ (^١).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n٣٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، عن زكريا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: ما نَسيتُ مِنَ الأشياءِ فإِنِّى لم أنسَ تَسليمَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". ثم قال: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلى بَياضِ خَدِّهِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه غَيرُه عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\nورواه حُرَيثُ بنُ أبى مَطَرٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن البَراءِ:\n\n٣٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا حُرَيثٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُسَلِّمُ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِه حَتَّى يَبدوَ خَدُّه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّه\" (^٤).\nوَهوَ ثابِتٌ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وجابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-.\n_________\n(^١) سنن الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) فى م: \"خديه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٩٤)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٧ من طريق منصور به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦١٩: سند منكر.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٥٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٧ من طريق حريث به، وقال الزيلعى فى نصب الراية ١/ ٤٣٣: وحريث تكلم فيه البخارى، وأبو حاتم، والفلاس، وابن معين، وتركه النسائى والأزدى.","vol":"4","page":65},{"text":"أمّا حَديثُ سَعدٍ:\n\n٣٠٢١ - فأَخبَرناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنِى جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ. قال ابنُ سلمةَ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ أرَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُسَلِّمُ عن يَمينِه وعَن يَسارِه حَتَّى أرَى بَياضَ خَدِّهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٣٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا مُصعَبُ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه سَعدٍ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- يُسَلِّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ تَسليمَتَينِ؛ تَسليمَةً عن يَمينِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". وتَسليمَةً عن يَسارِه: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ خَدَّيه مِن ههُنا وههُنا. قال: فذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ عندَ الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: هذا حَديثٌ لم أسمَعْه مِن حَديثِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ له إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ: أكُلَّ حَديثِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَمِعتَ؟ قال الزُّهرِىُّ: لا. قال: فثُلُثَيهِ؟ قال: لا. قال: فنِصفَهُ؟ فوَقَفَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٣١٦) عن إسحاق به. وابن خزيمة (٧٢٦) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١٤٨٤) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٨٢/ ١١٩).","vol":"4","page":66},{"text":"الزُّهرِىُّ عندَ النِّصفِ أو عندَ الثُّلُثِ. فقالَ له إسماعيلُ: اجعَلْ هذا الحديثَ فيما لم تَسمَعْ (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ:\n\n٣٠٢٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبَانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ ويَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ وأبو نُعَيمٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ القِبطيَّةِ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قُلنا يَعنِى الإشارَةَ بإِصبَعِه السَّبّايَةِ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُمُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم. فقالَ لَنا، يَعنِى النبىَّ -ﷺ-: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَرمونَ بأيديهِم فى الصَّلاةِ كأنَّها أذنابُ الخَيلِ الشُّمْسِ؟ أما يَكفِى أحَدَهُم -أو أحَدَكُم- أن يَضَعَ يَدَه على فخِذِه، ثم يُسَلِّمَ عن يَمينه وعَن شِمالِه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: \"ثم يُسَلِّمَ على أخيه مِن على يَمينِه وشِمالِه\" (^٣).\n\n٣٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٢٧)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٢) من طريق ابن المبارك. وأحمد (١٥٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٩١٥) من طريق مصعب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٧٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى رفع اليدين (٨٠)، والنسائى (١٣١٧) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وتقدم فى (٣٠٠٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٣١/ ١٢٠).","vol":"4","page":67},{"text":"الفَحّامُ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ، أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقال: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\". كُلَّما وضَعَ، \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\". كُلَّما رَفَعَ، ثم يقولُ: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّه\". عن يَمينِه، \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ\". عن يَسارِهِ (^١). أقامَ إسنادَه حجَّاج بنُ محمدٍ وجَماعَةٌ، وقَصَّرَ به بَعضُهُم عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. واختَلَفَ فيه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ على (^٢) عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى (^٣)، ومَن أقامَه حُجَّةٌ، فلا يَضُرُّه خِلافُ مَن خالَفَه، واللَّهُ أعلَم.\n\n٣٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سلمةُ ابنُ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حُجرًا أبا العَنبَسِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن وائلٍ، وقَد سَمِعتُه مِن وائلٍ، أنَّه صلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر الحديثَ وفيه: وسَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه وعَن يَسارِهِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ اليَحصبِىُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٣١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٧٦) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٦٣٩٧) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٢٥٢).\n(^٢) فى س: \"عن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٣٢٠). وقال: هذا حديث منكر، الدراوردى ليس بالقوى. تحفة الأشراف ٦/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١١١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥٤)، وابن حبان (١٨٠٥) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":68},{"text":"وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٣٠٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَضِرِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى رَزينٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّه سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه وعَن يَسارِه ثم قامَ (^٢). ورواه مُغيرَةُ عن أبى رَزينٍ، وزادَ فيه: سَلامٌ عَلَيكُم، سَلامٌ عَلَيكُم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-672>بابُ جَوازِ الاقتِصارِ على تَسليمَةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n٣٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّنّيسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ المَكِّىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُسَلِّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ تَسليمَةً واحِدَةً تِلقاءَ وجهِه، يَميلُ إلى الشِّقِّ الأيمَنِ شَيئًا -أو- قَليلًا (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٥).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ مَوقوفًا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٩٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٦٥، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٩٣٩) من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٠. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٧٢٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٥) من طريق عمرو به. وابن ماجه (٩١٩) من طريق زهير به. قال الترمذى: حديث عائشة لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢١: هذا من مناكيره.","vol":"4","page":69},{"text":"٣٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت تُسَلِّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ تَسليمَةً واحِدَةً (^١) قِبَلَ وجهِها: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم (^٢).\nقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّه: تابَعَه وُهَيبٌ (^٣) ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (^٤) عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن القاسِمِ. وقالَ الدَّراوَردِىُّ: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ.\nورُوِى عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وسَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ وسَلَمَةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-؛ أمَّا حَديثُ أنَسٍ:\n\n٣٠٢٩ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺكان يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمَةً واحِدَةً (^٥).\nوأمَّا حَديثُ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ:\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٣٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) ذكره الحاكم فى المستدرك ١/ ٢٣٠ عن وهيب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٨٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٤٧٣)، والضياء فى المختارة (٢٠٩٤)، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٩٤٠) من طريق أبى المثنى به، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢١: فرد غريب.","vol":"4","page":70},{"text":"٣٠٣٠ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الكاتِبُ، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عَطاءِ ابنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُسَلِّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ تَسليمَةً قِبالَةَ وجهِه، فإِذا سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه سَلَّمَ عن يَسارِهِ (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ:\n\n٣٠٣١ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ القُرَشِىُّ مُؤَذِّنُ مَسجِدِ مِصرَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ راشِدٍ بَصرِىٌّ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ -﵁- قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَوَضّأَ فمَسَحَ رأسَه مَرَّةً، وصَلَّى فسَلَّمَ مَرَّةً (^٢).\nوروِى عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- أنَّهُم سَلَّموا تَسليمَةً واحِدَةً (^٣).\nوهو مِنَ الاختِلافِ المُباحِ والاقتِصارِ على الجائزِ، وبِاللَّهِ التّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-673>بابُ حَذفِ السَّلامِ</span>\n\n٣٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٥٨. والطبرانى (٦٩٣٨) من طريق روح به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢١: روح واه.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٣٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٢٠) عن محمد بن الحارث به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢١: يحيى ضعفه النسائى.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٧٨ - ٣٠٩٣)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (١٥٤٦ - ١٥٥٠).","vol":"4","page":71},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن قُرَّةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"حَذفُ السَّلامِ سُنَّةٌ\" (^١).\nهَكَذا رواه الفِريابِىُّ (^٢) ومُبَشِّرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَلَبِىُّ (^٣) عن الأوزاعِىِّ مَرفوعًا. ورواه عَبدانُ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ فوَقَفَه، وكأَنَّه تَقصيرٌ مِن بَعضِ الرّواةِ:\n\n٣٠٣٣ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ ابنُ القاسِمِ السِّيّارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ. فذكره بإِسنادِه مَوقوفًا على أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سأَلتُ أبا زكريا العَنبَرِىَّ وحَدَّثَنا به عن أبى عبدِ اللَّه البوشَنجِىِّ عن حَذفِ السَّلامِ، فقالَ: ألا يَمُدَّ السَّلامَ، ويَحذِفَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-674>بابُ مَن قال: يَنوِى بالسَّلامِ التَّحليلَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\nلِقَولِه -ﷺ-: \"تَحليلُها التَّسليمُ\" (^٥). وَلِقَولِه ﵊: \"إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٣٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٨٥) - ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٠٠٤) - وابن خزيمة (٧٣٤) من طريق الفريابى به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٣١ من طريق مبشر بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣١. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٩٧) من طريق ابن المبارك به، وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٢٩٣، ٣٠٠٤) من حديث على، وتقدم فى (٢٥٨٨) من حديث أبى سعيد، وسيأتى فى (٤٠٢٧، ٤٠٢٨) عن على وأبى سعيد.","vol":"4","page":72},{"text":"الأعمالُ بالنّيّاتِ\" (^١). ويَنوِى السَّلامَ على الحاضرينَ وعَلَى الحَفَظَةِ، ويَنوِى المأمومُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الرَّدَّ على الإمامِ.\n\n٣٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ القِبطيَّةِ قال: حدَّثَنى جابِرُ بنُ سَمُرَةَ -﵁- قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قُلنا بأَيدينا: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُمُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما بالُ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينِ يَرمونَ بأيديهِم كأنَّها أذنابُ الخَيلِ الشُّمْسِ؟ أما يَكفِى أحَدَكُم أن يَضَع يَدَه على فخِذِه، ثم يُسَلِّمَ على أخيه عن يَمينه وشِمالِه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الجُماهِرِ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: أمَرَنا النبىُّ -ﷺ- أن نَرُدَّ على الإمامِ، وأَن نَتَحابَّ، وأَن يُسَلِّمَ بَعضنا على بَعضٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٨٤) من حديث عمر.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٠٠٢، ٣٠٠٣، ٣٠٢٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٣١/ ١٢٠).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٥٣٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠٠١)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١١) من طريق أبى الجماهر به. وابن ماجه (٩٢١) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"4","page":73},{"text":"٣٠٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبى داودَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ وعُمَرُ بنُ شَبَّةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأسفاطِىُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ القاسِمِ أبو بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نُسَلِّمَ على أئمَّتِنا، وأَن يُسَلِّمَ بَعضُنا على بَعضٍ (^١).\n\n٣٠٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ موسَى أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، حدَّثَنى خُبَيبُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن أبيه سليمانَ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ: أمَّا بَعدُ، أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا كان فى وسَطِ الصَّلاةِ أو حينَ انقِضائِها: \"فابدَءوا قبلَ التَّسليمِ فقولوا: التَّحيّاتُ والطَّيِّباتُ والصَّلَواتُ والمُلكُ للَّهِ، ثم سَلِّموا على اليَمينِ، ثم سَلِّموا على قارِئكُم وعَلَى أنفُسِكُم\" (^٢). وفِى هذا دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بالرَّدِّ على الإمامِ أن يَنوِىَ فى تَسليمِه عن الصَّلاةِ الرَّدَّ عليه لا أنَّه يُفرِدُه.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧١٠) من طريق محمد بن يزيد. وابن ماجه (٩٢٢) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وعنده: \"على بن القاسم\" والصواب: \"عبد الأعلى بن القاسم\" صوبه المزى فى تحفة الأشراف ٤/ ٧١. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (١٩٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٧٥). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢٢: إسناده مظلم وفيه مجاهيل، فلا حجة فيه، ولو سلمنا لدل على مضمون قولنا بعد التحيات: السلام عليا وعلى عباد اللَّه الصالحين. ثم إن قوله: \"فى وسط الصلاة\". يؤكد ما أقول، وأما ما قبل هذا الحديث فظاهر فى السلام الشرعى لا التسليم الذى به نتحلل من الصلاة؛ إذ لا ذكر للصلاة فى متنه بالطريقين.","vol":"4","page":74},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يقولُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، عن يَمينِه، ثم يَرُدُّ على الإمام، فإِن سَلَّمَ عليه أحَدٌ عن يَسارِه رَدَّ عَلَيهِ (^١). وروّينا عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّه قال: الرَّدُّ على الإمامِ سَلامَه سُنَّةٌ. وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ يقولُ: إذا سَلَّمتَ عن يَمينِكَ أجزأكَ مِنَ الرَّدِّ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-675>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الإِيماءِ باليَدِ عندَ التَّسليمِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن فُراتٍ القَزّازِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ القِبطيَّةِ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فكُنّا إذا سَلَّمنا قُلنا بأَيدينا: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُمُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، فنَظَرَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقال: \"ما شأنُكُم تُشيرونَ بأيديكُم كأنَّها أذنابُ خَيلِ شُمْسٍ؟ إذا سَلَّمَ أحَدَكُم فليَلتَفِتْ إلى صاحِبِه ولا يَرْمِى (^٣) بيَدِه\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك فى الموطأ ١/ ٩١، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٥).\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢٣: رد السلام فريضة، وأن نفشى رد السلام، وأن نقبل بالرد على من سلم، وفى الصلاة لا يستحب للمأمومين الجهر بالسلام، ولا الإقبال على الإمام بذلك، وحقيقة الرد أن يقول: وعليك السلام. ولا يشرع للمصلى قول ذلك، نعم ينوى بالسلام على الملكين اللذين عن يمينه وعن شماله، وإن نسى النية فى ذلك فلا حرج عليه.\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م. وفى مسلم: \"يومئ\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣٠٠٢).","vol":"4","page":75},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-676>بابُ لا يُسَلِّمُ المأمومُ حَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ الإِمامُ</span>\n\n٣٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حِبِّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ حدَّثه، أخبرَنِى مَحمودُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، سَمِعتُ عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ الأنصارِىَّ. فذكَر الحديثَ فى صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بهِم قال: ثم سَلَّمَ وسَلَّمنا حينَ سَلَّمَ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حِبَّانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ (^٣) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-677>بابُ الإمامِ يَنحَرِفُ بَعدَ السَّلامِ</span>\n\n٣٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى يَعلَى بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبنه قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فكانَ إذا انصرَفَ انحَرَفَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٣١/ ١٢١).\n(^٢) ابن المبارك فى مسنده (٤٣)، وعن طريقه أحمد (١٦٤٧٩)، والبخارى (٦٨٦)، والنسائى (١٣٢٦). وسيأتى فى (٥٣٣٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٨٣٨)، ومسلم (٢٦٤/ ٣٣).\n(^٤) بعده فى س: \"قال: ثم سلم وسلمنا حين سلم لهم\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٦١٤). وأخرجه النسائى (١٣٣٣) عن طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٧٤٧٥) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (٢١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١٣) من طريق يعلى به. وسيأتى فى (٣٦٩١). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٧٤).","vol":"4","page":76},{"text":"٣٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بن الحسنِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرٌ (ح) وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن ابنِ البَراءِ، عن البَراءِ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أحبَبنا أن نَكونَ عن يَمينِه ليُقبِلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِهِ. قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"رَبِّ قِنِى عَذابَكَ يَومَ تَبعَثُ عِبادَكَ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٠٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ فَرّوخَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخَفَّ النّاسِ صَلاةً فى تَمامٍ. قال: وصَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فكانَ ساعَةَ يُسَلِّمُ يَقومُ، ثم صَلَّيت مَعَ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- فكانَ إذا سلَّم وثَبَ مَكانَه، كأَنَّه يَقوم عن رَضْفٍ (^٣). تفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّه بنُ فرّوخَ المصرىُّ، ولَه أفرادٌ (^٤)، واللَّه أعلم. والمَشهورُ عن أبى الضُّحَى عن مسروقٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٥٤) عن أبى نعيم به. وابن خزيمة (١٥٦٥) من طريق مسعر به. وسقط من مطبوعة ابن خزيمة: \"عن ابن البراء\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٩/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٦ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧١٧) من طريق ابن أبى مريم. قال ابن خزيمة: حديث غريب.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٢٤: قال البخارى: تعرف وتنكر. وينظر بقية الكلام عليه فى الجرح والتعديل =","vol":"4","page":77},{"text":"قال: كان أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ -﵁- إذا سَلَّمَ قامَ كأَنَّه جالِسٌ على الرَّضْفِ (^١). وروّينا عن علىٍّ أنَّه سَلَّمَ ثم قامَ.\n\n٣٠٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجَّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى زيادٌ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ قال: سَمِعتُ خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ يَعيبُ على الأئمَّةِ جُلوسَهُم فى صلاتِهِم بَعدَ أن يُسَلِّموا ويَقولُ: السُّنَّةُ فى ذَلِكَ أن يَقومَ الإمامُ ساعَةَ يُسَلِّمُ.\nورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّهُما كَرِهاه، ويُذكَرُ عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-. واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-678>بابُ مُكثِ الإمامِ فى مَكانِه إذا كانَت معه نِساءٌ كى يَنصَرِفْنَ قَبلَ الرِّجالِ</span>\n\n٣٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَتنِى هِندٌ بنتُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا سَلَّمَ مِن صلاتِه قامَ النِّساءُ حينَ يَقضِى تَسليمَه، ومَكَثَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فى مَكانِه يَسيرًا. قال\n_________\n= ٥/ ٦٣٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٣٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٢٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٤٧١، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٤٤٠: صدوق يغلط.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٢١٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق أبى الضحى به.","vol":"4","page":78},{"text":"ابنُ شِهابٍ ﵀: فنرَى مُكثَه ذَلِكَ -واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ- لِكَى يَنفُذَ النِّساءُ قَبلَ أن يُدرِكَهُنَّ مَنِ انصَرَفَ مِنَ القَومِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢)، وقالَ: هِندٌ بنتُ الحارِثِ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن الزُّهرِىِّ: الفِراسيَّةُ. وقالَ بعضُهم: القُرَشيَّةُ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن هِندٍ بنتِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- إذا سَلَّمَ مَكَثَ قَليلًا، كانوا يَرَونَ أن ذَلِكَ كَيما تَنفُذَ النِّساءُ قَبلَ الرِّجالِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-679>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ له أن يَذكُرَ اللَّهَ فى مُكثِه ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٣٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن أبى الوَليدِ هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يَجلِسُ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ إلا بقَدرِ ما يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ السَّلامُ ومِنكَ السَّلامُ، تَبارَكتَ يا ذا الجَلالِ والإِكرامِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٤١)، وابن ماجه (٩٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١٩) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. والنسائى (١٣٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٣) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٣٧، ٨٤٩، ٨٧٠، ٨٧٥).\n(^٣) ينظر البخارى (٨٥٠).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢١٨١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٦٤٤)، وأبو داود (١٠٤٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٧٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٩٢٣) من طريق يزيد به. ومسلم (٥٩٢/ ١٣٦)، =","vol":"4","page":79},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ وخالِدٍ الحَذاءِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الحارِثِ (^١).\n\n٣٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ [إسحاقُ بنُ] (^٢) محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السُوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شَدّادٌ أبو عَمّارٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أسماءَ الرَّحَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنى ثَوبانُ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أرادَ أن يَنصَرِفَ مِن صَلاتِه استَغفَرَ ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثم قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ السَّلامُ ومِنكَ السَّلامُ، تَبارَكتَ يا ذا الجَلالِ والإِكرامِ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٠٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن أبى عَمّارٍ، عن أبى أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه زادَ: \"وإِلَيكَ السَّلامُ، تَبارَكتَ يا ذا الجَلالِ والإِكرامِ\". قال الوَليدُ: قلتُ لِلأوزاعِىِّ: وكَيفَ الاستِغفارُ؟ قال: يقولُ: أستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ،\n_________\n= وأبو داود (١٥١٢)، والترمذى (٢٩٨)، والنسائى (١٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٠٠٠) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^١) مسلم (٥٩٢).\n(^٢) فى س: \"الحسن\"، وتقدمت ترجمته فى (١٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٦٥)، وأبو داود (١٥١٣)، والترمذى (٣٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٩٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٠٣) من طريق الأوزاعى، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"4","page":80},{"text":"أستَغفِرُ اللَّه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"وإِلَيكَ السَّلامُ\". وقالَ: \"تَبارَكتَ يا ذا الجَلالِ والإِكرامِ\". ثم ذكَر قَولَ الأوزاعِىِّ ﵀ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-680>بابُ الاختيارِ لِلإِمامِ والمأمومِ فى أن يُخفيا الذِّكرَ</span>\nقالَ الشافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ عَزَّ ذِكرُه: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠]. يَعنِى الدُّعاءَ واللَّه أعلَمُ: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ﴾. تَرفَع: ﴿وَلَا تُخَافِتْ﴾. حَتَّى لا تُسمِعَ نَفسَكَ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾. قالَت: هو الدُّعاءُ (^٤).\n\n٣٠٥٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدٌ الهَبّارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: نَزَلَت يَعنِى هَذِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٣٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٩٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٠٠٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وليس عندهم: \"وإليك السلام\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٩١/ ١٣٥).\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ١٢٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٦٣٢٧)، ومسلم (٤٤٧/ ١٤٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٣٠١) من طريق هشام ابن عروة به.","vol":"4","page":81},{"text":"الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾. فى الدُّعاءِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه مُجاهِدٌ فى الدُّعاءِ والمَسأَلَةِ (^٢).\n\n٣٠٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾. قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا دَعا فى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ صَوتَه (^٣). كَذا فى هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ ولَيسَت بقَويَّةٍ.\n\n٣٠٥٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾. قال: نَزَلَت ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَوارٍ بمَكَّةَ، وكانَ إذا رَفَعَ صَوتَه سمِع المُشرِكونَ ذَلِكَ فيَسُبّوا القُرآنَ ومَن أنزَلَه، ومَن جاءَ به، قال اللَّه تعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ﴾. حَتَّى يَسمَعَ المُشرِكونَ: ﴿وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ عن أصحابِكَ فلا تُسمِعُهُم: ﴿وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا﴾. أسمِعْهُم ولا تَجهَرْ، حَتَّى يأخُذوا عَنكَ القُرآنَ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه، ورواه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٥٢٦)، ومسلم (٤٤٧/ عقب ١٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٢٦٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨١٧١) عن ابن فضيل به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٥/ ١٢٦ من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥)، والبخارى (٤٧٢٢)، والترمذى (٣١٤٦)، والنسائى (١٠١٠)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"4","page":82},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ الصَبّاحِ وغَيرِه عن هُشَيمٍ (^١). ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الجَميعُ مُرادًا بالآيَةِ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: لمَّا غَزا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حُنَينًا -أو قال: لمَّا تَوَجَّهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى حُنَينٍ أشرَفَ النّاسُ على وادٍ، فرَفَعوا أصواتَهُم بالتَّكبيرِ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، اربَعُوا (^٢) على أنفُسِكُم، إنَّكُم لا تَدعونَ أصَمَّ ولا غائبًا، إنَّما تَدعونَ سَميعًا قَريبًا وهو مَعَكُم\". قال: وأَنا خَلفَ رايَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَمِعَنِى وأَنا أقولُ: لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ قَيسٍ\". فقُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"ألا أدُلُّكَ على كلِمَةٍ مِن كَنزِ الجَنَّةِ؟ \". قُلتُ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فِداكَ أبى وأُمِّى. قال: \"لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّه\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n= (١٥٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٧٩٦) من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتى فى (٣١١٣).\n(^١) البخارى (٧٤٩٠، ٧٥٤٧)، ومسلم (٤٤٦/ ١٤٥).\n(^٢) اربعوا: معناه: ارفقوا بأنفسكم واخفضوا أصواتكم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٧/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٢٠)، والبخارى (٢٩٩٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٠٤/ ٤٤)، وأبو داود (١٥٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٢٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٧٩) من طريق عاصم به. والترمذى (٣٣٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦٣)، وابن حبان (٨٠٤) من طريق أبى عثمان به.","vol":"4","page":83},{"text":"مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن عاصِمٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-681>بابُ جَهرِ الإمامِ بالذِّكر إذا أحب أن يُتَعَلَّمَ مِنه</span>\nقالَ الشافعىُّ: واحسِبُ ما رَوَى ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ مِن تَهليلِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، وما رَوَى اِبن عباسٍ مِن تكبيرِه -كما رَوَيْنا- وأَحسِبُه إنَّما جَهَرَ قَليلًا ليَتَعَلَّمَ الناسُ منه (^٢).\n\n٣٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابن سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنتُ أعرِفُ انقِضاءَ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالتَّكبيرِ (^٣). قالَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: ثم ذَكَرتُه لأبِى مَعبَدٍ بَعدُ، فقالَ: لم أحدِّثْكم به. قال عمرٌو: وقَد حَدَّثَنيه، وكانَ مِن أصدَقِ مَوالِى ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ. قال الشافعىُّ: كأنَّه نَسيَّه بَعدَ ما حدَّثه إيَّاه.\n\n٣٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنَا علىٌّ، حَدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنتُ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٣٠٥)، ومسلم (٢٧٠٤/ ٤٤).\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ١٢٧.\n(^٣) الشافعى ١/ ١٣٦. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٠٠٢)، والنسائى (١٣٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٦) عن طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٣٣).","vol":"4","page":84},{"text":"أعرِفُ انقِضاءَ صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالتَّكبيرِ. قال عمرٌو: ثم أنكَرَه أبو مَعبَدٍ، قال عمرٌو: وقَد أخبرَنيهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه، ورواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبى عمرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nورواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n٣٠٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَبدَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ ابنِ عبدِ الوَهّاب، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عَبدَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يُهَلِّل فى دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ يقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، له المُلكُ وله الحَمدُ، وهو على كُلِّ شئٍ قَديرٌ، لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إِلا باللَّه، لا إلهَ إلا اللَّهُ، لا نَعبُدُ إلا إيّاه، له النِّعمَةُ وله الفَضلُ، ولَه الثَّناءُ الحسنُ، لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، مُخلِصين له الدّينَ ولَو كَرِهَ الكافِرونَ\". ثم يقولُ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُهَلِّلُ بِهِنَّ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٢٠٠) من طريق على به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٤٢)، ومسلم (٥٨٣/ ١٢٠، ١٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٧)، والبخارى (٨٤١). ومسلم (٥٨٣/ ١٢٢)، وأبو داود (١٠٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٧) عن طريق ابن جريج.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٥٠٧)، ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٧٥٠). وأخرجه النسائى (١٢٣٩)، ابن حبان (٢٠٠٨) من طريق عبدة به. وأحمد (١٦١٠٥)، ومسلم (٥٩٤/ ١٣٩) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"4","page":85},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ وحَجّاجٌ الصَّوّافُ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ سمِع ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَذكُرُه (^٢).\n\n٣٠٥٧ - أخبرنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ وإِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ؛ قال قُتَيبَةُ: حدَّثَنا. وقالَ إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن وَرّادٍ مَولَى المُغيرَةِ قال: كَتَبَ المُغيرَةُ ابنُ شُعبَةَ إلى مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ -﵄- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺكان يقولُ فى دُبُرِ صَلاتِه إذا سَلَّمَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، له المَلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ، وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ لا مانِعَ لِما أعطَيتَ، ولا مُعطِىَ لِما مَنَعتَ، ولا يَنفَعُ ذا الجَدِّ مِنكَ الجَدُّ\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n٣٠٥٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ سُعَيرٍ أبو محمدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٩٤/ ١٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٥٩٤/ ١٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤١) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٢٢)، وأبو داود (١٥٠٦)، والنسائى (١٣٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤٠) -ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٠١٠) - من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٣٤١) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٨١٨٣) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٣٣٠)، ومسلم (٥٩٣/ ١٣٧).","vol":"4","page":86},{"text":"حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ والمُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن وَرّادٍ قال: أملَى المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ كِتابًا إلى مُعاويَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا قَضَى صَلاتَه قال. فذكَره بمثلِه لَفظًا واحِدًا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، ومَن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ وعَبدَةَ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن عَمِّه الماجِشونِ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى صَلاتِه قال: وإِذا فرَغَ مِن صَلاتِه فسَلَّمَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لِى ما قَدَّمتُ وما أخَّرتُ، وما أسرَرتُ وما أعلَنتُ وما أسرَفتُ، وما أنتَ أعلمُ به مِنِّى، أنتَ المُقَدِّمُ والمُؤَخِّرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ\" (^٤). ورواه يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ عن أبيه الماجِشونِ بإسنادِه، وذكَر هذا الدُّعاءَ بَينَ التَّشَهُّدِ والتَّسليمِ، وكِلاهُما مُخَرَّجٌ فى \"كتاب مسلم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢٠٠٥) من طريق الأعمش عن المسيب بن رافع به. والبخارى (٧٢٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤٢) من طريق عبد الملك به. وأحمد (١٨١٣٩)، والنسائى (١٣٤٠) من طريق وراد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٩٣/ عقب ١٣٧)، (٥٩٣/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٨٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٤٣) من طريق الحجاج به. وأحمد (٧٢٩)، وأبو داود (٧٦٠، ١٥٠٩)، وابن حبان (٢٠٢٥) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وتقدم فى (٢٣٧٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٧١/ ٢٠١، ٢٠٢).","vol":"4","page":87},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-682>بابُ التَّرْغِيبِ فِى مُكْثِ الْمُصَلِّى فِى مُصَلَّاهُ لإِطَالَةِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِى نَفْسِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الإِمَامُ إِذَا انْحَرَفَ</span>\n\n٣٠٦٠ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَلِىٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِىُّ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو بَكْرِ ابْنُ دَاسَةَ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدَّثَنا القَعْنَبِىُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِى الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ -﵁- أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَالَ: \"إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تُصَلِّى عَلَى أَحَدِكُمْ مَا دَامَ فِى مُصَلَّاهُ الذى صَلَّى فِيهِ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ أَوْ يَقُمْ: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ، اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُ\" (^١). رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِىُّ فِى \"الصَّحِيحِ\" عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٠٦١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المَلائكَةُ تُصَلِّى على أحَدِكُم ما دامَ فى مُصَلَّاه الذى صَلِّى فيه تَقولُ: اللهُمَّ اغفِرْ له، اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْه. ما لم يُحدِثْ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٣٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٦٩)، ومالك ١/ ١٦٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٧)، والبخارى (٤٤٥)، والنسائى (٧٣٢)، وابن حبان (١٧٥٣) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٥٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٨٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٢١١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٢١)، والترمذى (٣٣٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٩/ عقب ٢٧٦).","vol":"4","page":88},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عمرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ حَربٍ الطّائىُّ قال: حدَّثَنا أبو جَدِّى علىُّ ابنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ هو الحَفَرِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- إذا صَلَّى يَعنِى الصُّبحَ جَلَسَ فى مُصَلَّاه حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ، وزادَ فيه: حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ حَسَنًا (^٢). ورواه أبو خَيثَمَةَ عن سِماكٍ وزادَ فيه: فإِذا طَلَعَت قامَ. ولَم يَقُلْ: حَسَنًا (^٣).\n\n٣٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزَّازُ قراءةً عليه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ورقاءُ، عن سُمَىٍّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ذَهَبَ أهلُ الدُّثورِ (^٤) بالدَّرَجاتِ والنَّعيمِ المُقيمِ. قال: \"كَيفَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: صَلَّوا كما صَلَّينا، وجاهَدوا كما جاهَدنا، وأَنفَقوا مِن فُضولِ أموالِهِمِ، ولَيسَ لَنا مالٌ. فقالَ: \"أفَلا أُخبِرُكُم بأمرٍ تُدرِكونَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم، وتَسبِقونَ مَن جاءَ بَعدَكُم، ولا يأتى أحَدٌ بمثلِ ما جِئتُم به، إلا مَن جاءَ بمثلِه؟ تُسَبِّحونَ فى دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ عَشرًا،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٩٥٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٥٠)، وعبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٢٠٩٤٨) من طريق أبى داود الحفرى به. وأحمد (٢٠٩٦٨)، ومسلم (٦٧٠/ ١٢٨٧) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (٥٨٥)، والنسائى (١٣٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٧٥٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٢٩) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٠/ ٢٨٧). وقوله: \"حسنا\". يعنى: طلوعا حسنا. مسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٣٤٦٨).\n(^٤) الدثور: الأموال الكثيرة، مفردها: دَثْر. النهاية ٢/ ١٠٠.","vol":"4","page":89},{"text":"وتَحمَدونَ عَشرًا، وتُكَبِّرونَ عَشرًا\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ عن سُمَىٍّ كما:\n\n٣٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ هو الاسفَرايينىُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن سُمَىٍّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: جاءَ الفُقَراءُ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: ذَهَبَ أهلُ الدُّثورِ مِنَ الأموالِ بالدَّرَجاتِ العُلَى والنَّعيمِ المُقيمِ، يُصَلّونَ كما نُصَلِّى، ويَصومونَ كما نَصومُ، ولَهُم فُضولٌ مِن أموالٍ يَحُجُّونَ بها ويَعتَمِرونَ ويُجاهِدونَ ويَتَصدَّقونَ. فقالَ: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بأمرٍ إن أخَذتُم به أدرَكتُم مَن سَبقَكُم ولَم يُدرِكْكُم أحَدٌ بَعدَكُم، وكُنتُم خَيرَ مَن أنتُم بَينَ ظَهرانَيْه، إلا أحَدٌ عَمِلَ بمِثلِ ما عَمِلتُم؛ تُسَبِّحونَ وتَحمَدونَ وتُكَبِّرونَ خَلفَ كُل صَلاةٍ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ\". قال: فاختَلَفنا بَينَنا، فقالَ بَعضنا: نُسَبِّحُ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، ونَحمَدُ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، ونُكَبِّرُ أربَعًا وثَلاثينَ، فرَجَعتُ إلَيه فقالَ: \"تَقولُ: سُبحانَ اللَّه والحَمدُ للَّهِ واللَّه أكبَرُ حَتَّى يَكونَ مِنهُنَّ كُلِّهِنَّ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦١٧). وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٧٢٠) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٣٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٩٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤٩) -ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٠١٤) - من طريق معتمر به.","vol":"4","page":90},{"text":"أبى بكرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عاصِمِ بنِ النَّضرِ عن المُعتَمِرِ بنِ سليمانَ (^١).\n\n٣٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ فُقَراءَ المُهاجِرينَ أتَوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: ذَهَبَ أهلُ الدُّثورِ والأموالِ بالدَّرَجاتِ العُلَى والنَّعيمِ المُقيمِ. فقالَ: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: يُصلّونَ كما نُصَلِّى، ويَصومونَ كما نَصومُ، ويَتَصَدَّقونَ ولا نَتَصَدَّقُ، ويُعتِقونَ ولا نُعْتِقُ. قال: \"أفَلا أُعَلِّمُكُم شَيئًا تُدرِكونَ به مَن سَبَقَكُم وتَسبِقونَ به مَن بَعدَكُم، ولا يَكونُ أحَدٌ أفضَلَ مِنكُم إلا مَن صَنَعَ مِثلَ ما صَنَعتُم؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"تُسَبِّحونَ اللَّهَ وتُكَبِّرونَ وتَحمَدونَ دُبرَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ\". قال سُمَىٌّ: فحَدَّثتُ بَعضَ أهلِى هذا الحديثَ فقالَ: وهِمَتَ إنَّما قال: \"تُسَبِّحُ اللَّهَ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، وتَحمَدُ اللَّهَ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، وتُكَبِّرُ اللَّهَ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ\". فرَجَعتُ إلى أبى صالِحٍ فقُلتُ له ذَلِكَ، فأَخَذَ بيَدِى وقالَ: تَقولُ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ وسُبحانَ اللَّه والحَمدُ للَّهِ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ مِن جَميعِهِنَّ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ. قال أبو صالِحٍ: ثم رَجَعَ فُقَراءُ المُهاجِرينَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: قَد سمِع إخوانُنا أهلُ الأموالِ ما قُلتَ ففَعَلوا مِثلَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فذَلِكَ فضلُ اللَّهِ يُؤتيه مَن يَشاءُ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٨٤٣)، ومسلم (٥٩٥/ ١٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٠٨٦)، والطبرانى فى الدعاء (٧٢٠) من طريق الليث به. وأبو نعيم فى المستخرج (١٣٢١) من طريق ابن عجلان به.","vol":"4","page":91},{"text":"٣٠٦٦ - قال ابنُ عَجلانَ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ رَجاءَ بنَ حَيوَةَ، فحَدَّثَنِى بمثلِه عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ سِوَى قَولِ سُمَىٍّ، ثم قال: وزادَ غَيرُ قُتَيبَةَ فى هذا الحديثِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). ورواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، وأَدرَجَ قَولَ أبى صالِحٍ فى رُجوعِ فُقَراءِ المُهاجِرينَ فى الحديثِ، وزادَ: يقولُ سُهَيلٌ: إحدَى عَشرَةَ إحدَى عَشرَةَ إحدَى عَشرَةَ، فجَميعُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّه ثَلاثٌ وثَلاثونَ (^٢). ولِسُهيلٍ فيه إسناد آخَرُ بزيادَةِ مَتنٍ وزيادَةِ عَدَدٍ:\n\n٣٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّد، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سَبَّحَ اللَّهَ فى دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، وكَبَّرَ اللَّهَ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، وحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، فتِلكَ تِسعَةٌ وتِسعونَ، ثم قال تَمامَ المِائَةِ: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، له المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ، وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ. غُفِرَت له خَطاياه وإِن كانتَ مِثلَ زَبَدِ البحرِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الحَميدِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٩٥/ ١٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٩٥/ ١٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٥٠)، وابن حبان (٢٠١٦) من طريق خالد به. وأحمد (١٠٢٦٧)، ومسلم (٥٩٧/ عقب ١٤٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٩٧١) من طريق سهيل به. ووقع فى رواية النسائى: =","vol":"4","page":92},{"text":"ابنِ بَيانٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١).\n\n٣٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ ومالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ وحَمزَةُ الزَّيّاتُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَكَمَ بنَ عُتَيبَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجْرَةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُعَقِّباتٌ لا يَخيبُ قائلُهُنَّ -أو فاعِلُهُنَّ- دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ مَكتوبَةٍ؛ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ تَسبيحَةً، وثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ تَحميدَةً، وأربَعًا وثَلاثينَ تَكبيرَةً\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ عيسَى عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُبارَكِ، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمزَةَ الزَّيّاتِ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٦٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَلَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ قُدامَةَ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدَّثَنا عَثّامٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ\n_________\n= \"عبيدة\". وقد صوبها النسائى عقب الحديث.\n(^١) مسلم (٥٩٧/ ١٤٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٦١٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠١٩) من طريق شعبة وحمزة ومالك به. ومسلم (٥٩٦/ عقب ١٤٥)، والترمذى (٣٤١٢)، والنسائى (١٣٤٨) من طريق الحكم بن عتيبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٩٦/ ١٤٤، ١٤٥).","vol":"4","page":93},{"text":"السّائبِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعقِدُ التَّسبيحَ بيَمينِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-683>بابُ الإمامِ يُقبِلُ على النّاسِ بوَجهِه إذا سَلَّمَ فيُحَدِّثُهُم فى العِلمِ وفيما يَكُونُ خَيًرا</span>\n\n٣٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو رَجاءٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا صَلَّى صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"هَل رأى أحَدٌ مِنكُمُ رُؤيا\" (^٢). الحديث.\n\n٣٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأَدَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رَجاءٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا صَلَّى الصُّبحَ أقبَلَ بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"مَن رأى مِنكُم رُؤيا فليقُضها أَعبُرْها له\" (^٣). وذكَر الحديثَ. كَذا قالَه. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٤١١)، والنسائى (١٣٥٤)، وابن حبان (٨٤٣) من طريق عثام به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب من حديث الأعمش. وسيأتى فى (٣٤١٢، ٣٤١٣).\n(^٢) المصنف فى إثبات عذاب القبر (١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٦٥)، وابن حبان (٤٦٥٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٢٩٤) من طريق وهب بن جرير به.","vol":"4","page":94},{"text":"عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جَريرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن وهبِ ابنِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^١).\n\n٣٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قالَ: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ بالحُدَيبيَةِ فى إثرِ سَماءٍ كانَت مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فلَمّا انصرَفَ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"هَل تَدرونَ ماذا قال رَبُّكُم؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"قال: أصبَحَ مِن عِبادِى مُؤمِنٌ بى وكافِرٌ، فأمّا مَن قال: مُطِرنا بفَضلِ اللَّهِ ورَحمَتِه. فذَلِكَ مُؤمِنٌ بى وكافِرٌ بالكَوكبِ، وأمّا مَن قال: مُطِرنا بنَوءِ كَذا وكَذا. فدلِكَ كافِرٌ بى ومُؤمِنٌ بالكَوكَبِ\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحسينِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثَنى حُمَيدٌ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٨٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٧٥/ ٢٣).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٩٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٠٦١)، والبخارى (١٠٣٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٨٣٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٨). وسيأتى فى (٦٥٢٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٨٤٦)، ومسلم (٧١/ ١٢٥).","vol":"4","page":95},{"text":"الطَّويلُ قال: سُئلَ أنَسٌ: أتَّخَذ النبىُّ -ﷺ- خاتَمًا؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، أخَّرَ لَيلَةً صَلاةَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إلى قَريبٍ مِن شَطرِ اللَّيلِ، فلمَّا صَلَّى أقبَلَ إلَيْنا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"إنَّ النّاسَ قَد صَلُّوا ونامُوا، ولَم تَزالوا فى صَلاةٍ ما انتَظَرتُموها\". قال أنَسٌ: فكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلى وبيصِ خاتَمِهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عن حُمَيدٍ كما مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n٣٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الحسنِ قال: كانوا يَستَحِبّونَ لِلرَّجُلِ إذا صَلَّى الصُّبحَ ألَّا يَطعَمَ طَعامًا حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، ويُصَلِّى للَّهِ ﷿ رَكعَتَينِ.\nورُوِّينا عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ أنه قال: أدرَكتُ النّاسَ وما يَتَكَلَّمونَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمس. وإِنَّما أرادَ فيما لا يَعنيهم. وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوأمَّا بَعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ:\n\n٣٠٧٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى الوَضّاحِ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ الحديثَ بَعدَ الفَجرِ. أو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٦٢) عن الأنصارى به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٧٧٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٤٧).","vol":"4","page":96},{"text":"قال: بَعدَ رَكعَتَى الفَجرِ. وكانَ يَستَحِبُّ أن يُسَبِّحَ ويُكَبِّرَ (^١).\n\n٣٠٧٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن المَسعودِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ قال: كان يَعِزُّ على عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ ألَّا يَذكُرَ اللَّهَ والقُرآنَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ الفَجرَ (^٢).\nوروّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّهُما كَرِها الكَلامَ بَعدَ رَكعَتَى الفَجرِ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٧٧ - وكأَنَّهُم كَرِهوا ما لا يَعنِى مِنَ الكَلامِ، فقَد ثَبَتَ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَى الفَجرِ، فإِن كُنتُ مُستَيقِظَةً حدَّثَنى وإِلَّا اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى يَقومَ إلى الصَّلاةِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، فذَكَرَه (^٤). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٤٦٧) من طريق مجاهد بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٤٦١) من طريق المسعودى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٤٦٢ - ٦٤٦٥).\n(^٤) الحميدى (١٧٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٢٢) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٧٢)، وأبو داود (١٢٦٢)، والترمذى (٤١٨) من طريق أبى النضر به. وسيأتى فى (٤٩٥٢) من طريق الحميدى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١١٦١)، ومسلم، (٧٤٣/ ١٣٣).","vol":"4","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-684>باب السُّنَّةِ فِى رَدِّ النَّافِلَةِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ إِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاةٌ يُتَنَفَّلُ بَعْدَهَا</span>\n\n٣٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قَضَى أحَدُكُمُ الصَّلاةَ فى مَسجِدِه فليَجعَلْ لِبَيتِه نَصيبًا مِن صَلاِته؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جاعِلٌ فى بَيتِه مِن صَلاِته خَيرًا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن الأعمَشِ.\n\n٣٠٧٩ - ورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ. فذكَره بمثلِه إلا أنَّه قال: \"فى المَسجِدِ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه زائدَةُ عن الأعمَشِ:\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٤٣٩٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٢٠٦)، والترمذى فى العلل (١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩٠)، من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٧٨/ ٢١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٧)، وابن ماجه (١٣٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠٦) من طريق سفيان به. وذكره الترمذى فى العلل (١٣٣) عن سفيان به. وقال عقبه: وهذا أصح، ولم يحفظ أبو معاوية أبا سعيد.","vol":"4","page":98},{"text":"٣٠٨٠ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذكَره بمثلِه بزيادَةِ أبى سعيدٍ فى إسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n٣٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"اجعَلوا مِن صَلاِتكُم فى بُيوتِكُم ولا تَتَّخِذوها قبورًا\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى موسَى وزُهَيرٍ، كلُّهُم، عن يَحيَى (^٣).\nوفِى الحديث الثّابِتِ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ صَلاةِ المَرءِ فى بَيتِه إلا الصَّلاةَ المَكتوبَةَ\" (^٤). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٣٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى الوَزيرِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٨) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. وابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٠٩) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٥٣) -ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٠٤٣) - وابن ماجه (١٣٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠٥) من طريق يحيى به. والبخارى (١١٨٧)، والترمذى (٤٥١) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. ومسلم (٧٧٧/ ٢٠٩)، والنسائى (١٥٩٧) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٣٢)، وهو عند مسلم (٧٧٧/ ٢٠٨) عن أبى موسى محمد بن المثنى وحده. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٦/ ٦٩.\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (٤٦٦٨).","vol":"4","page":99},{"text":"عُجرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى المَغرِبَ فى مَسجِدِ بنى عبدِ الأشهَلِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ رأَى النّاسَ يُسَبِّحونَ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النَّاسُ إنَّما هَذِه الصَّلَواتُ فى البُيوتِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-685>بابُ جَوازِ فِعلِها فى المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٣٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄- قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قَبلَ الظُّهرِ سَجدَتَينِ وبَعدَها سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ المَغرِبِ سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ العِشاءِ سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ سَجدَتَينِ، فأما المَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ والجُمُعَةُ ففِى بَيتِهِ. وحَدَّثَتنِى حَفصةُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺكان يُصلِّى سَجدَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ قَبلَ أن يُصَلِّىَ الفَجرَ، وكانَت ساعَةً لا أدخُلُ فيها على النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٣). وفيه إشارَةٌ إلى فِعلِ السَّجدَتَينِ قَبلَ الظُّهرِ والسَّجدَتَينِ بَعدَها فى المَسجِدِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٧٨، وأبو داود (١٣٠٠) من طريق محمد بن أبى الوزير، عن محمد بن موسى به. والترمذى (٦٠٤)، والنسائى (١٥٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠١) من طريق إبراهيم بن أبى الوزير عن محمد بن موسى به. قال الترمذى: غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٦٠) عن يحيى به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٣٧٨) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بنحوه بلفظ: \"ففى رحله\". وأبو داود (١٢٥٢)، والترمذى (٤٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٩٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٤) من طريق نافع به. وسيأتى فى (٤٥٣٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (١١٧٢)، ومسلم (٧٢٩/ ١٠٤).","vol":"4","page":100},{"text":"٣٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الجَرجَرائىُّ، أخبرَنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى المُغيرَةِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُطيلُ القراءةَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ (^١).\nرواه نَصرٌ المُجَدَّرُ عن يَعقوبَ القُمِّىِّ وأَسنَدَه مِثلَه (^٢).\nقالَ أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ يونُسَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣) بمَعناه مُرسَلٌ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأنَّه -ﷺ- كان يفعل هذا زمانًا، وما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ مِن رَكعَتَى المَغرِبِ فى بَيتِه زَمانًا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-686>بابُ الإِمَامِ يَتَحَوَّلُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ فِى الْمَسْجِدِ</span>\n\n٣٠٨٥ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَلِىٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِىُّ، أَخبرَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدَّثَنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْقُرَشِىُّ، حَدَّثَنا عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِىُّ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ -﵁- قَالَ: قَالَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٣٠١). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٣٧٩) عن حسين بن عبد الرحمن به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود عقب (١٣٠١) من طريق نصر به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٠٢). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢٨٤).","vol":"4","page":101},{"text":"رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَا يُصَلِّى الإِمَامُ فِى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِى صَلَّى فِيهِ حَتَّى يَتَحَوَّلَ\" (^١). قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِىُّ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ.\n\n٣٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الليث، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يَتَطَوَّعَ بعدَ الفَريضَةِ فليتَقَدَّمْ أو ليَستأخِرْ، أو عن يَمينِه أو عن شِمالِه\" (^٢).\n\n٣٠٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيَعجِزُ أحَدُكُم إذا صَلَّى فأرادَ أن يَتَطَوَّعَ أن يَتقدَّمَ أو يَتأخَّرَ، أو يَتَحَوَّلَ عن يَمِينِه أو عن يَسارِه؟ \" (^٣).\nورواه جَريرٌ عن لَيثٍ عن حَجّاجٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ أو إبراهيمَ ابنِ إسماعيلَ. قال البخارىُّ ﵀: إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أصَحُّ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦١٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤٠، وأبو داود (١٠٠٦) من طريق حماد بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان فى الثقات ٤/ ١٧ من طريق معتمر به. وأحمد (٩٤٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٠٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤٢٧) من طريق الليث به. قال البخارى: ولم يثبت هذا الحديث. التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤١. وقال الدارقطنى: ولا يصح الحديث، الاضطراب من الليث. العلل ٩/ ٧٤.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٣٤: لا يدرى من ذا.","vol":"4","page":102},{"text":"واللَّيثُ يَضطَرِبُ فيهِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهو لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ، يَتَفَرَّدُ به واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلْدِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا أشعَثُ بنُ شُعبَةَ، حدَّثَنا المِنهالُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، عن الأزرَقِ بن قَيسٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا إمامٌ لَنا يُكنَى أبا رِمْثَةَ قال: صَلَّيتُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ أو مِثلَ هَذِه الصَّلاةِ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- يَقومانِ فى الصَّفِّ المُقَدَّمِ عن يَمينِه، وكانَ رجلٌ قَد شَهِدَ التَّكبيرَةَ الأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، فصلَّى نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه وعَن يَسارِه حَتَّى رأينا بَياضَ خَدَّيه، ثم انفَتَلَ كانفِتالِ أبى رِمثَةَ يَعنِى نَفسَه، فقامَ الرَّجل الذى أدرَكَ معه التَّكبيرَةَ الأُولَى مِنَ الصَّلاةِ يَشفَعُ فوَثَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ، فأَخَذَ بمَنكِبَيه فهَزَّه، ثم قال: اجلِسْ فإِنَّه لها يَهلِكْ أهلُ الكِتابِ إلا أنَّه لم يَكُنْ بَينَ صَلاتِهِم فصلٌ. فرَفَعَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- بَصَرَه فقالَ: \"أصابَ اللَّهُ بكَ يا ابنَ الخطابِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٠٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ. قال أبو داودَ: وقَد قيلَ مَكانَ أبى رِمثَةَ: أبو أُمَيَّةَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٠، وعنده: \"أحمد بن على الجزار\" بدلا من: \"الخزاز\". وقال الحاكم: على شرط مسلم. وتعقبه الذهبى بقوله: المنهال ضعفه ابن معين، وأشعث فيه لين، والحديث منكر. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الكبير ٢٢/ ٢٨٤ (٧٢٨) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٠٧). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١٥).","vol":"4","page":103},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا إن ثَبَتَ يَجمَعُ الإمامَ والمأمومَ، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ أبى هريرةَ.\nوفِى هذا البابِ حَديثٌ هو أصَحُّ مِن جَميعِ ما ذَكَرناه:\n\n٣٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا غُندَرٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبى الخُوارِ، أنَّ نافِعَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ أرسَلَه إلى السّائبِ ابنِ أُختِ نَمِرٍ يَسأَلُه عن شَئٍ رآه مِنه مُعاويَةُ فى الصَّلاةِ، فقالَ: نَعَم صَلَّيتُ معه الجُمُعَةَ فى المَقصورَةِ، فلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ قُمتُ فى مَقامِى فصَلَّيتُ، فلَمَّا دَخَلَ أرسَلَ إلىَّ فقالَ: لا تَعُدْ لِما فعَلتَ، إذا صَلَّيتَ الجُمُعَةَ فلا تَصلْها بصَلاةٍ حَتَّى تَتَكَلَّمَ أو تَخرُجَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَنا بذَلِكَ؛ ألَّا نوصِلَ صَلاةً حَتَّى نَتَكَلَّمَ أو نَخرُجَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٣٠٩١ - ورواه عبدُ الرزاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بمَعناه وقالَ فى آخِرِه: فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بذَلِكَ وقال: \"لا توصَلُ صَلاةٌ بصَلاةٍ حَتَّى تَخرُجَ أو تَتَكَلَّمَ\". أخبرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ منصُورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٥٤٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩١٣)، ومسلم (٨٨٣/ عقب ٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٣/ ٧٣).","vol":"4","page":104},{"text":"قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه قال: فلَمّا سَلَّمتُ قُمتُ. ولَم يَذكُرِ الإمامَ (^١). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ تَجمَعُ الجُمُعَةَ وغَيرَها حَيثُ قال: \"لا توصَلُ صَلاةٌ بصَلاةٍ\". وتجمع الإمامَ والمأمومَ. وقَد ذكر الشافعىُّ ﵀ فى رِوايَةِ المُزَنِىِّ عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ هَذِه الرِّوايَةَ (^٢)، وقَد نَقَلتُها مَعَ أثَرِ ابنِ عباسٍ وقَولِ الشافعىِّ ﵀ فى الإِملاءِ فى كِتابِ الجُمُعَةِ مِنَ \"المبسوط\".\n\n٣٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّمّاكُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الغَفّارِ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ ألا يَقومَ مِن مَوضِعِه الذى صَلَّى فيه يُصَلِّى تَطَوُّعًا حَتَّى يَنحَرِفَ أو يَتَحَوَّلَ أو يَفصِلَ بكَلامٍ (^٣).\nورواه الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَيسَرَةَ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، إلا أنَّه قال: لا يَصلُحُ لِلإِمامِ، وفِى رِوايَةٍ: لا يَنبَغِى لِلإِمامِ. ورُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى ذَلِكَ وقالَ: فليَتَقَدَّمْ أو ليُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا (^٤).\n\n٣٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا القاضِى\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥٥٣٤). ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٨٦٦)، وأبو داود (١١٢٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٠٥) من طريق محمد بن رافع به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٩٩٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٧٩٧)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٢٨٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٧٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٨١ عن عثمان السماك به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٣٥: عباد ضعفه ابن المدينى وعمرو ساقط.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٠٧٩) من طريق سفيان به","vol":"4","page":105},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنى الشَّافِعِىَّ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ، عن عمرٍو قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵁-: مَن صَلَّى الفَريضَةَ ثم أرادَ أن يُصَلِّىَ بَعدَها فليَتَقَدَّمْ أو ليُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا.\n\n٣٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى (^١) بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عمرَ -﵁- دَفَعَ رجلًا عن مَقامِه الذى صَلَّى فيه المَكتوبَةَ وقالَ: إنَّما دَفَعتُكَ لِتَقَدَّمَ أو تأخَّرَ. وروِى عنه بمَعناه فى الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n٣٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشام الدَّستُوائىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا صَلَّى تَحَوَّلَ مِن مَقامِه الذى صَلَّى فيهِ.\n\n٣٠٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّه بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بنَ عمرَ كان يُصَلِّى سُبحَتَه فى مَقامِه الذى صَلَّى فيهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه شُعبَةُ عن أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢). وكأنَّه كان يَفصلُ بَينَهُما بكَلامٍ أوِ انحِرافٍ أو فِعلِ ما يَجوزُ فِعلُه.\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"معلى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٤٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٠٦٨) من طريق أيوب بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":106},{"text":"٣٠٩٧ - وكَذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ ابنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، حدَّثَنا فُراتُ بنُ أحنَفَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرٍ الهِلالِىِّ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يَتَطَوَّعَ الرَّجُلُ مَكانَه. أو راه فعَلَه. شَكَّ عَلِىٌّ. ورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّه فرَّقَ فى ذَلِكَ بَينَ الإمامِ والمأمومِ، فكَرِهَه لِلإِمامِ دونَ المأمومِ (^١)، وإِسنادُه غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-687>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ أن يَكونَ انصِرافُ المأمومِ بانصِرافِ الإِمامِ</span>\n\n٣٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى \"زيادات الفوائد\"، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن هِندٍ بنتِ الحارِثِ القُرَشيَّةِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كُنَّ النِّساءُ فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا سَلَّمَ مِنَ المَكتوبَةِ قُمنَ، وثَبَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومَن خَلفَه مِنَ الرِّجالِ، فإِذا قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ الرِّجالُ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٣٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٠٧٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٤) من طريق عثمان به. والنسائى (١٣٣٢) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٨٦٦).","vol":"4","page":107},{"text":"بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ الأزدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- حَضَّهُم على الصَّلاةِ، ونَهاهُم أن يَنصَرِفوا قَبلَ انصِرافِه مِنَ الصَّلاةِ (^١). وهَذا مُختَصَرٌ مِنَ الحديثِ الثابِتِ عن على بنِ مُسهِرٍ عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ عن أنَسٍ، فى النَّهى عن سَبقِ المأمومِ الإمامَ بالرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ والقيامِ والانصِرافِ (^٢). ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ بالانصِرافِ الخُروجَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ بالسَّلامِ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، أنَّه قال: مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ التَّكبيرُ، وانقِضاؤُها التَّسليمُ، إذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ فقُمْ إن شِئتَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-688>بابُ مَن قال: يَقرأُ بَينَ كُلِّ سورَتَينِ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾</span>\nقَد مَضتِ الأخبارُ فى هَذا.\n\n٣١٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدَّثَنا جوَيريَةُ ابنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا ابتَدأ فى القراءةِ فى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٢٧)، وأبو داود (٦٢٤) من طريق زائدة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٨٣).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٦٢٩).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٠٠٦).","vol":"4","page":108},{"text":"الصَّلاةِ قال: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فإِذا فرَغَ مِن فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ قال ذَلِكَ حينَ يَستَفتِحُ السّورَةَ (^١).\n\n٣١٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَمِيرُويَه الهَرَوِىُّ بها، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَجهَرُ إذا قرأَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. وإِذا قرأَ السّورَةَ جَهَرَ بها أيضًا (^٢).\n\n٣١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ وراءَ ابنٍ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- فكانَ يَقرأُ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فإِذا قال: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. قال: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن أبى هريرةَ وغَيرِ واحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-689>بابُ الإسرارِ بالقراءةِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ ووُجوبِ القراءةِ فيهِما</span>\nقَد مَضَى فيه حَديثُ أبى قَتادَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعى فى مسنده ١/ ٢٠١ (٢٢٦ - شفاء العى)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٦٠٨)، وأبو عبيد فى فضائل القرآن ص ١١٥ من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤١٧٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤١٧٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٠٠ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤١٧٠). وينظر شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٥١٣، ٢٥٢٣).","vol":"4","page":109},{"text":"٣١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ محمدٍ المَخزومِىُّ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ السَّماكِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ السَّوّاقُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ ابنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ قال: قُلنا لِخَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلنا: بمَ كُنتُم تَعرِفونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: باضطِرابِ لِحيَتِهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٣١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرَ الجُرجانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺقال: \"لا صَلاةَ إلا بقراءةٍ\". قال أبو هريرةَ: فما أعلَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أعلَنّاه لَكُم، وما أخفاه أخفَيناه لَكُم (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٠١)، وابن حبان (١٨٢٦) من طريق مسدد. وتقدم فى (٢٣٩٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٤٦، ٧٦٠، ٧٦١، ٧٧٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٩). وعنده \"أبو أمامة\" بدلا من: \"أبو أسامة\". وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٠٣) من طريق حبيب بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٩٦/ ٤٢).","vol":"4","page":110},{"text":"٣١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا كَثيرُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ حَنطَبٍ قال: تَمارَوا فى القراءةِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، فأَتَوا خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فقالَ: قال لِى أبى: قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى بنا الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ يُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيه، ولا أعلَمُ ذَلِكَ إلا بقراءةٍ، فنَحنُ نَفعَلُه (^١).\n\n٣١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يَقرأُ فى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، وكانَ يُسمِعُنا الأحيانَ الآيَةَ. قال: وكانَ يَقرأُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ، وكانَ يُطيلُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى ما لا يُطيلُ فى الثّانيَةِ. قال: وهَكَذا فى صَلاةِ العَصرِ. قال: وهَكَذا فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-690>بابُ الجَهرِ بالقراءةِ فى الرَّكعَتَيِن الأُولَيَيِن مِنَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ</span>\n\n٣١٠٧ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٢٢)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩٢) من طريق كثير بن زيد به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٥٢٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٧٦)، ومسلم (٤٥١/ ١٥٥).","vol":"4","page":111},{"text":"أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَبَّاحِ الزَّعفرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ ابنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى المَغرِبِ بالطّورِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَبَّاس العَنبَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيبر، عن أبيه -وكانَ قَد جاءَ فى أُسارَى بَدرٍ- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى المَغرِبِ بالطورِ، وذَلِكَ أوَّلَ ما وقَرَ الإيمانُ فى قَلبِى. وهو يَومَئذٍ مُشرِكٌ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٣١٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه الجَلَابُ، حدطنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا خلّاد بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مِسعَر، حدَّثَنى عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، أنَّه سمِع البَراءَ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٥١٤) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (١٨٣٣) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (٤٠٩١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٨٥٤)، ومسلم (٤٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٧٣)، والبخارى (٣٠٥٠)، ومسلم (٤٦٣/ عقب ١٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٢٣).","vol":"4","page":112},{"text":"العِشاءِ بالتّينِ والزَّيتونِ، فما سَمِعتُ أحَدًا أحسَنَ صَوتًا مِنه وقراءهً (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخرَ عن مِسعَرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-691>بابُ الجَهرِ بالقراءةِ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٣١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السَّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ سَريعِ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الفجرِ: ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ﴾ [التكوير: ١٧] (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن مِسعَرٍ (^٤).\n\n٣١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على الجِنِّ ولا رآهُم، انطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى طائفَةٍ مِن أصحابِه عامِدينَ إلى سُوقِ عُكاظٍ، وقَد حيلَ بَينَ الشَّياطينِ وبَينَ خَبَرِ السَّماءِ، وأُرسِلَت عَلَيهِمُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٦٦)، والبخارى (٧٥٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٨٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٢) من طريق مسعر به. وسيأتى فى (٤٠٩٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٦٩)، ومسلم (٤٦٤/ ١٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٣٣) من طريق مسعر به. وسيأتى فى (٤٠٦٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥٦/ ١٦٤).","vol":"4","page":113},{"text":"الشُّهُبُ، فرَجَعَتِ الشَّياطينُ إلى قَومِهِم، فقالوا: ما لَكُم؟ قالوا: قد حيلَ بَينَنا وبَينَ خَبَرِ السماء، وأُرسِلَت عَلَينا الشُّهُبُ. قالوا: ما حالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَ خَبَرِ السَّماءِ إلا شَئٌ حَدَثَ، فاضرِبوا مَشارِقَ الأرضِ ومَغارِبَها، وانظُروا ما هذا الذى حالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَ خَبَرِ السَّماءِ. فانصرَفَ أولَئكَ الَّذينَ تَوَجَّهوا نَحوَ تِهامَةَ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهو بنَخلَةَ عامِدينَ إلى سوقِ عُكاظٍ، وهو يُصلِّى بأَصحابِه صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، فلَمّا سَمِعوا القُرآنَ استَمَعوا له وقالوا: واللَّهِ هذا الذى حالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَ خَبَرِ السَّماءِ. فهُنالِكَ حينَ رَجَعوا إلى قَومِهِم قالوا: يا قَومَنا إنا سَمِعنا قُرآنًا عَجَبًا يَهْدِى إِلَى الرُّشْدِ فَآمَنَّا بِهِ وَلَنْ نُشْرِكَ بِرَبِّنَا أَحَدًا. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ على نَبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿قُلْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ﴾ [الجن: ١]. وإِنَّما أوحِىَ إلَيه قَولُ الجِنِّ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن على بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ قال: كُنّا عندَ عِمرانَ ابنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁- فكُنّا نَتَذاكَرُ العِلمَ، فقالَ رجلٌ: لا تتَحَدَّثوا إلا بما فى القُرآنِ. فَقالَ له عِمرانُ: إنَّكَ لأحمَقُ، أوَجَدتَ فى القُرآنِ صَلّوا الظُّهر أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٢٢٥، ٢٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧١)، والبخارى (٤٩٢١)، والترمذى (٣٣٢٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٦٢٤)، وابن حبان (٦٥٢٦) من طريق أبى عوانة.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٧٣)، ومسلم (٤٤٩/ ١٤٩).","vol":"4","page":114},{"text":"والعَصرَ أربَعًا لا تَجهَر بالقراءةِ فى شَئٍ مِنها، والمَغرِبَ ثَلاثًا تَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنها، ولا تَجهَر بالقراءةِ فى رَكعَةٍ، والعِشاءَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ تَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ فى رَكعَتَينِ مِنها، ولا تَجهَر بالقراءةِ فى رَكعَتَينِ، والفَجرَ رَكعَتَينِ تَجهَرُ فيهِما بالقراءةِ؟ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-692>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ الجَهرِ</span>\n\n٣١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مُتَوارٍ بمَكَّةَ، فكانَ إذا صلَّى رَفَعَ صَوتَه، فإِذا سمِع ذَلِكَ المُشرِكونَ سَبُّوا القُرآنَ ومَن نَزَلَ به ومَن جاءَ به، فقالَ اللَّه ﷿ لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ أَسمِعْ أصحابَكَ، ﴿وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١٠]. أسمِعْهُمُ القُرآنَ حَتَّى يأْخُذوا عَنكَ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ (^٣). ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ وعَمرٍو الناقِدِ عن هُشَيمٍ، إلا أنَّه قالَ فى الحديث: فقالَ اللَّه لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ﴾. فيَسمَعَ المُشرِكونَ قراءتَكَ: ﴿وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾. عن أصحابِكَ، أسمِعْهُمُ القُرآنَ وَلا تَجهَرْ ذَلِكَ الجَهرَ، ﴿وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا﴾.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٧٤)، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١/ ١٥٣. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٣٨: إسناده وسط.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٧٥). وتقدم فى (٣٠٥٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٥٤٧).","vol":"4","page":115},{"text":"قال: يقولُ: بَينَ الجَهرِ والمُخافَتَةِ (^١).\n\n٣١١٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٣١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يَجهَرُ بالقراءةِ فى الصَّلاةِ، وأَنَّ قراءتَه كانَت تُسمَعُ عندَ دارِ أبى جَهمٍ بالبَلاطِ (^٣). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ هو البوشَنجِىُّ ﵀: البَلاطُ مَوضِعٌ بالمَدينَةِ قَريبٌ مِنَ السُّوقِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ولَم يَكُنْ فى الوَقتِ الذى جَهرَ فيه عُمَرُ هذا الجَهرَ ما كان فى وقتِ نُزولِ الآيَةِ مِن خَوفِ المُشرِكينَ أن يَنالوا مِنه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-693>بابٌ فى سَكتَتَى الإمامِ</span>\n\n٣١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٤٦/ ١٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود نعيم فى مستخرجه (٩٩١) من طريق محمد بن الصباح به.\n(^٣) الموطأ (١٣٤) برواية محمد بن الحسن.","vol":"4","page":116},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا كَبَّرَ فى الصَّلاةِ سَكَتَ هُنَيَّةً قَبلَ أن يَقرأَ، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، أرأيتَكَ سُكوتَكَ بَينَ التَّكبيرِ والقراءةِ ما تَقولُ؟ قال: \"أقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ باعِدْ بَينِى وبَينَ خَطاياىَ كما باعَدتَ بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ، اللَّهُمَّ نَقّنِى مِن خَطاياىَ كما يُنَقَّى الثَّوبُ الأبيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، اللُّهُمَّ اغسِلنِى مِن خَطاياىَ بالثَّلجِ والماءِ والبَرَدِ\" (^١).\n\n٣١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدَّثَنا (^٢) عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ القَعقاعِ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كامِلٍ وعَن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n٣١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٧٣)، والشعب (٣١٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٦٤)، والنسائى (٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٥)، وابن حبان (١٧٧٦) من طريق جرير به. وابن ماجه (٨٠٥) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٨١) عن أبى كاهل به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٤٤)، ومسلم (٥٩٨/ ١٤٧)، (٥٩٨/ عقب ١٤٧).","vol":"4","page":117},{"text":"سعيدِ بنِ سِمعانَ قال: أتانا أبو هريرةَ فى مَسجِدِ بنى زُرَيقٍ فقالَ: ثَلاثٌ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفعَلُهُنَ تَرَكَهُنَّ النّاسُ؛ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا دَخَلَ فى الصَّلاةِ مُدًّا، ويَسكُتُ بَعدَ القراءةِ هُنَيَّة يَسأَلُ اللَّه ﷿ مِن فضلِه، ويُكَبِّرُ إذا رَكَعَ وإِذا خَفَضَ (^١). كَذا فى هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ: بَعدَ القراءةِ.\n\n٣١١٩ - ورواه عاصمُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: وكانَ يَسكُتُ قَبلَ القراءةِ هُنَيَّةً. أخبَرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصمُ بنُ علىٍّ. فذَكَرَه.\nوبهذا المَعنَى رواه عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (^٢).\n\n٣١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ، حدَّثَنا سَعِيدٌ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّ سَمُرَةَ بنَ جُندُبٍ وعِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ -﵁- تَذاكَرا، فحَدَّثَ سَمُرَةُ بنُ جُندُبٍ أنَّه حَفِظَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَكتَتَينِ؛ سَكتَةً إذا كَبَّرَ، وسَكتَةً إذا فرَغَ مِن قراءةِ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾. فحَفِظَ ذاكَ سَمُرَةُ، وأَنكَرَ عليه عِمرانُ ابنُ حُصَينٍ، فكَتَبا فى ذَلِكَ إلى أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ -﵁-، وكانَ فى كِتابِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠٨)، والنسائى (٨٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٠) من طريق يحيى ابن سعيد به. والحاكم ١/ ٢٣٤ من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٨٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٤٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"4","page":118},{"text":"إلَيهِما، أو فى رَدِّه عَلَيهِما: إنَّ سَمُرَةَ قَد حَفِظَ (^١).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: وسَكتَةً إذا فرَغَ مِن قراءةِ السُّورَةِ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الفاتِحَةَ (^٢). وبِمَعناه رواه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ.\n\n٣١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ قال: قال سَمُرَةُ: حَفِظتُ سَكتَتَينِ فى الصَّلاةِ، سَكتَةً إذا كَبَّرَ الإمامُ حَتَّى يَقرأَ، وسَكتَةً إذا فرَغَ مِن فاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ عندَ الرُّكوعِ. قال: فأَنكَرَ ذاكَ عِمرانُ بنُ حُصينٍ. قال: فكَتَبوا فى ذَلِكَ إلى أُبَىٍّ بالمَدينَةِ، فصَدَّقَ سَمُرَةَ (^٣).\nوقيل: عن هُشَيمٍ عن يونُسَ: وإِذا قرأَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ هو سَكَتَ سَكتَةً. لم يَذكُرِ السّورَةَ. وقالَ حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ عن الحسنِ: وسَكتَةً إذا فرَغَ مِنَ القراءةِ (^٤). وقالَ أشعَثُ عن الحسنِ: إذا فرَغَ مِنَ القراءةِ كُلِّها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٧٥)، وأبو داود (٧٧٩). وأخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٧٧) من طريق مسدد به. وابن خزيمة (١٥٧٨) من طريق يزيد به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٨١) من طريق سعيد به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٨٧٥)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩٩) من طريق محمد بن المنهال به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٧٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٦٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٦٦)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٧٨) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٧٨) من طريق أشعث به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٦٤).","vol":"4","page":119},{"text":"ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هذا التَّفسيرُ وقَعَ مِن رواتِه عن الحسنِ؛ فلِذَلِكَ اختَلَفوا، ويَدُلُّ عليه:\n\n٣١٢٢ - ما أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَعقوبَ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كانَت له سَكتَتانِ، فقالَ عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ: ما أحفَظُهُما عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فكَتَبوا فيه إلى أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعب، فكَتَبَ أُبَىٌّ: إنَّ سَمُرَةَ قَد حَفِظَ. قُلنا لِقَتادَةَ: ما السَّكتَتانِ؟ قالَ: سَكتَةٌ حينَ يُكَبِّرُ، والأُخرَى حينَ يَفرُغُ مِنَ القراءةِ عندَ الرُّكوعِ، ثم قالَ الأُخرَى -يَعنِى المَرَّةَ الأُخرَى-: سَكتَةٌ حينَ يُكَبِّرُ، وسَكتَةٌ إذا قالَ: ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ (^١).\n\n٣١٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُثَنَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ -﵁- قال: سَكتَتانِ حَفِظتُهُما عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال فيه: قالَ سَعيدٌ: قُلنا لِقَتادَةَ: ما هاتانِ السَّكتَتانِ؟ فقالَ: إذا دَخَلَ فى صَلاتِه، وإِذا فرَغَ مِنَ القراءةِ. ثم قالَ بَعدُ: وإِذا قالَ ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٣٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٨٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٥١)، وابن حبان (١٨٠٧) من طريق ابن المثنى به. وابن ماجه (٨٤٤) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. قال ابن حبان: والحسن لم يسمع من سمرة شيئًا، وسمع من عمران هذا الخبر، واعتمادنا فيه على عمران دون سمرة.","vol":"4","page":120},{"text":"٣١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ القَعقاعِ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ بنُ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا نَهَضَ فى الثّانيَةِ استَفتَحَ بـ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. ولَم يَسكُتْ (^١).\n\n٣١٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا والِدِى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ مُعارِكٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣١٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا نَهَضَ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ استَفتَحَ القراءةَ ولَم يَسكُتْ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: حُدِّثتُ عن يَحيَى بنِ حَسّانَ ويونُسَ المؤَدِّبِ وغَيرِهِما قالوا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nوفيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه لا سَكتَةَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثانيَةِ قَبلَ القراءةِ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٥. وعنده: عبد الوهاب بن عبد الوهاب بدلًا من: عبد اللَّه بن عبد الوهاب. وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (١٦٠٣). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٠٠ عن حسين بن نصر به. وأبو نعيم فى المستخرج (١٣٣٠) من طريق يحيى بن حسان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٣٦) من طريق محمد بن أسلم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٩٩/ ١٤٨).","vol":"4","page":121},{"text":"وهو حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه أرادَ به أنَّه لا يَسكُتُ فى الثّانيَةِ كَسُكوتِه فى الأُولَى للاستِفتاحِ، واللَّه أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-694>بابُ القُنوتِ فى الصَّلَواتِ عندَ نُزولِ نازِلَةٍ</span>\n\n٣١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو ثابِتٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أرادَ أن يَدعوَ على أحَدٍ أو يَدعوَ لأحَدٍ يَقنُتُ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، فربما قال إذا قال: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ وسَلَمَةَ بنَ هِشامٍ والمُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، واجعَلْها عَلَيهِم سِنينَ كَسِنِى يوسُفَ\". يَجهَرُ بذَلِكَ، قال: وكانَ يقولُ فى بَعضِ صَلَواتِه فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ فُلانًا وفُلانًا\". لأحياءٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨] (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٩) من طريق إبراهيم به. وابن حبان (١٩٦٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٦٠).","vol":"4","page":122},{"text":"٣١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ، أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنَا سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ حينَ يَفرُغُ مِن صَلاةِ الفَجرِ مِنَ القراءةِ، ويُكَبِّرُ ويَرفَعُ رَأسَه: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثم يقولُ وهو قائمٌ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ وسَلَمَةَ بنَ هِشامٍ وعَيّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ والمُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، واجعَلْها عَلَيهِم سِنينَ كَسِنِى يوسُفَ، اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ لِحْيَانَ وَرِعْلًا وَذَكْوَانَ وَعُصَيَّةَ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ\". ثم بَلَغَنا أنَّه تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ لمَّا أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ﴾ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٣١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- لَمّا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ مِنَ الصُّبحِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ وسَلَمَةَ بنَ هِشامٍ وعَيَّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ والمُستَضعَفينَ بمَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٧٢) من طريق ابن وهب.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٥/ ٢٩٤).","vol":"4","page":123},{"text":"اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْها عَلَيهِم سِنينَ كَسِنى يوسُفَ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، ورواه مسلم عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٣١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَما هو يُصلِّى العِشَاءَ إذ قال: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ثم قال قَبلَ أن يَسجُدَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ عَيّشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَ أنجِ سلمةَ بنَ هِشام، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، اللَّهُمَّ نَجِّ المُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْها (^٣) سِنينَ كَسِنِى يوسُفَ\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَيبانَ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الأوزاعِىُّ عن يَحيَى: صَلاةَ العَتَمَةِ (^٦).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه هِشام الدَّستُوائىُّ عن يَحيَى، وفِى إحدَى الرِّوايتَينِ عنه: العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٥٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٨٦، ١٨٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٠)، والنسائى (١٠٧٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى فى (٣٣٦٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٠٠)، ومسلم (٦٧٥/ عقب ٢٩٤).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"عليهم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (١٥١٤) من طريق شيبان به. وسيأتى تخريجه فى (١٧٨١٨).\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٥٩٨)، ومسلم (٦٧٥/ عقب ٢٩٥).\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (٣١٤٣).","vol":"4","page":124},{"text":"٣١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قال: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فى الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ مِن صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ قَنَتَ فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ عَيّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ سلمةَ بنَ هِشامٍ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ المُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، اللَّهمَّ اجعَلْها سِنينَ كَسِنِى يوسُفَ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بن فَضالَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣١٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: واللَّهِ لأنا أقرَبُكُم صَلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فكانَ أبو هريرةَ يَقنُتُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ، وعِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ، وصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، بَعدَ ما يقولُ: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فيَدعو لِلمُؤمِنينَ ويَلعَنُ الكُفّارَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦١٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٣٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٦٤)، والنسائى (١٠٧٤)، وابن حبان (١٩٨١) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"4","page":125},{"text":"٣١٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذٌ يَعنِى ابنَ هِشامٍ صاحِبَ الدَّستُوائىِّ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى. فذكَره بمِثلِ مَعناه، إلا أنه قال: واللَّهِ لأُقَرِّبَنَّ بكُم صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشام، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢). فهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ أثبَتَتِ القُنوتَ فى الصَّلَواتِ الثلاثِ.\n\n٣١٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُس بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو ابنُ مُرَّةَ، سمِع ابنَ أبى لَيلَى يُحَدِّثُ، عن البَراءِ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺكان يَقنُتُ فى الصُّبحِ والمَغرِبِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ (^٤).\n\n٣١٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِم الرَّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى الجَهمِ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان لا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٤٠). وأخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٤٦ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٩٧)، ومسلم (٦٧٦/ ٢٩٦).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٧٧٣)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٠٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٧٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٤١)، والترمذى (٤٠١)، والنسائى (١٠٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٩٨٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٧٨/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦).","vol":"4","page":126},{"text":"يُصلِّى صَلاةً مَكتوبَةً إلا قَنَتَ فيها (^١). محمدٌ هذا هو ابنُ أنَسٍ أبو أنَسٍ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ، ومُطَرِّفٌ هو ابنُ طَريفٍ.\n\n٣١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حِبّانُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِعَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الفَجرِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ فُلانًا وفُلانًا\". فأَنزَلَ اللَّه ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨]. الآيَة (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حِبّانَ (^٣).\n\n٣١٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رِعْلًا وذَكْو انَ وعُصيَّةَ وبَنِى لِحيانَ استَمَدُّوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَدوًّا (^٤)، فأَمَدَّهُم بسَبعينَ مِنَ الأنصارِ كُنّا نُسَمّيهِمُ القُرّاءَ فى زَمانِهِم، كانوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٣٧ من طريق أبى حاتم به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩٤٥٠) من طريق محمد ابن أنس به. قال الذهبى: ٢/ ٦٤٢: هذا منكر ومحمد بن أنس الرازي ليس بعمدة.\n(^٢) ابن المبارك فى الجهاد (٥٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٥٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٠٧٦). وأخرجه النسائى (١٠٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦٢٢)، وابن حبان (١٩٨٧) من طريق معمر به. وسيأتى فى (٣١٧٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٥٩).\n(^٤) كذا فى س، م. وفى مصادر التخريج: \"على عدو\". وفى بعضها: \"على قومهم\".","vol":"4","page":127},{"text":"يَحتَطِبونَ بالنَّهارِ ويُصَلّونَ باللَّيلِ، حَتَّى إذا كانوا ببِئرِ مَعُونَةَ قَتَلوهُم وغَدَروا بهِم، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النبىَّ -ﷺ-، فقَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا يَدعو فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ على أحياءٍ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ؛ على رِعْلٍ وذَكْوانَ وعُصَيَّةَ وبَنِى لِحيانَ. قال أنَسٌ: فقَرأنا بهِم قُرآنًا، ثم إنَّ ذَلِكَ رُفِعَ: بَلِّغُوا قَومَنا أنَّا قَد لَقينا رَبِّنا فرَضِىَ عَنّا وأَرضانا (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ النَّرْسِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣١٣٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وجَدَ على شَئٍ قَطُّ ما وجَدَ على أصحابِ بئرِ مَعونَةَ وأَصحابِ سَريَّةِ المُنذِرِ بنِ عمرٍو، فمَكَثَ شَهرًا يَدعو على الَّذينَ أصابوهُم فى قُنوتِ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ، يَدعو على رِعلٍ وذَكوانَ وعُصيَّةَ ولِحيانَ (^٣).\nورواه قَتادَةُ (^٤) وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ (^٥) وأبو مِجلَزٍ لاحِقُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٦٤)، والبخارى (٣٠٦٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٩٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٤٢)، وعنه أحمد (١٣٠٢٧). وأخرجه البخارى (٦٣٩٤)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ ٣٠٢) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣١٣٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى (٤٠٨٨).\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (٣٣٦٦).","vol":"4","page":128},{"text":"وأَنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ (^١) وموسَى بنُ أنَسٍ (^٢) وعاصِمُ بنُ سليمانَ الأحوَلُ (^٣) كُلُّهُم عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، وقالوا فى الحديثِ: شَهرًا. ورواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ عن أنَسٍ كَذَلِكَ: ثَلاثينَ صَباحًا (^٤). ورواه هَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى عن إسحاقَ فقالَ: أربَعينَ صَباحًا (^٥). والصَّحيحُ ثَلاثينَ. وقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن هَمّامٍ (^٦).\nورُوِى عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ عن أنَسٍ فى قِصَّةِ العُرَنيّينِ قالَ: فأَرسَلَ فى آثارِهِم بَعدَ أن دَعا عَلَيهِم فى صَلاتِه خَمسَةً وعِشرينَ يَومًا، وتِلكَ القِصَّةُ غَيرُ هَذِهِ. والمَحفوظُ عن حُمَيدٍ فى قِصَّةِ القُرّاءِ:\n\n٣١٣٩ - ما أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِىُّ المالِكِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصيبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ (^٧) بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرنِى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، أنَّه سمِع أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: كان شَبابٌ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩١١)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ ٣٠٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٢٤)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ عقب ٣٠٣).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣١٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٥٥)، والبخارى (٢٨١٤)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ ٢٩٧)، وابن حبان (٤٦٥١) من طريق مالك.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٩٥)، والبخارى (٢٨٠١) من طريق همام.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٧٤)، والبخارى (٤٠٩١) من طريق همام به. وسيأتى فى (١٨٨٥٥) بلفظ: سبعين.\n(^٧) فى س: \"عبيد اللَّه\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ١١/ ٩٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٨٥.","vol":"4","page":129},{"text":"الأنصارِ يَستَمِعونَ القُرآنَ ثم يَنتَحونَ (^١) فى ناحيَةِ المَدينَةِ، يَحسِبُ أهلوهُم أنَّهُم فى المَسجِدِ، ويَحسَبُ أهلُ المَسجِدِ أنَّهُم فى أهليهِم، فيُصَلُّونَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ حَتَّى إذا تَقارَبَ الضُّبحُ احتَطَبَ بَعضُهُم، واستَقَى بَعضُهُم مِنَ الماءِ العَذبِ، ثم يُقبِلونَ حَتَّى يَضعوا حُزَمَهُم وقِرَبَهُم على أبوابِ حُجَرِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَهُمُ النبىُّ -ﷺ- إلى بئرِ مَعونَةَ، فاستُشهِدوا كُلُّهُم، فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على مَن قَتَلَهُم خَمسَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً (^٢).\nوكذلِكَ رواه عَلقَمَةُ بنُ أبى عَلقَمَةَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: فدَعا على مَن قَتَلَهُم خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا. وكَذَلِكَ رواه جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن أبيه مُرسَلًا: خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا. والرِّواياتُ فى الشَّهرِ أشهَرُ وأَكثَرُ وأَصَحُّ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\nوأَكثَرُ الرِّواياتُ عن أنَسٍ فى إثباتِ القُنوتِ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، وقَد ثَبَتَ عنه فى المَغرِبِ أيضًا:\n\n٣١٤٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرنى عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا وهبٌ هو ابنُ بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ هو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ هو الحَذّاءُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: القُنوتُ فى المَغرِبِ والغَداةِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يتنحون\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٦٢) من طريق حميد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٤٣: غريب فرد.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٢٤)، والطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٨١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.","vol":"4","page":130},{"text":"إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، وقالَ: كان القُنوتُ فى المَغرِبِ والفَجرِ (^١).\nورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى القِصَّةِ الَّتِى رَواها أنَسٌ: فى جَميعِ الصَّلَواتِ.\n\n٣١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنا هِلالُ بنُ خَبّابٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا مُتَتابِعًا فى الظُّهرِ والعصرِ والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ والصُّبحِ فى دُبُرِ كُلِّ صلاةٍ إذا قال: \"سمِعَ اللَّه لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فى الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ، يَدعو على حَىٍّ مِن بنى سُلَيمٍ على رِعْلٍ وذَكْوانَ وعُصَيَّةَ، ويُؤَمِّنُ مَن خَلفَه، وكانَ أرسَلَ إلَيهِم يَدعوهُم إلى الإِسلامِ فقَتَلوهُم. قال عِكرِمَةُ: هذا مِفتاحُ القُنوتِ (^٢).\n\n٣١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، حدَّثَنى عِمرانُ بنُ أبى أنَسٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ علىٍّ، عن خُفافِ بنِ إيماءٍ الغِفارِىِّ قال: قال النبىُّ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ بنى لِحيانَ ورِعْلًا وذَكْوانَ، وعُصَيَّةَ عَصَوُا اللَّهَ ورسولَه، وغِفارُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لها، وأسلَمُ سالَمَها اللَّهُ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٩٨، ١٠٠٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٢٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٦١٨) من طريق عارم به. وأحمد (٢٧٤٦) من طريق ثابت به. وسيأتى فى (٣١٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٧٠) من طريق عمران به. ومسلم (٦٧٩/ عقب ٣٠٨) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٧٩/ ٣٠٧).","vol":"4","page":131},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-695>بابُ تَرْكِ الْقُنُوتِ فِى سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ غَيرِ الصُّبْحِ عِنْدَ ارْتِفَاعِ النَّازِلَةِ وَفِى صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ لِقَوْمٍ أَوْ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ أَوْ قَبَائِلِهِم</span>\n\n٣١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى، حدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ، حدَّثَنى أبو هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَنَتَ فى صلاةِ العَتَمَةِ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ بَعدَ ما قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". شهرًا يقولُ فى قُنوتِه: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنْجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، اللَّهُمَّ أنْجِ سلمةَ بنَ هِشامٍ، اللَّهُمَّ أنْجِ عَيّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنْجِ المُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْها علَيهم سِنينَ كسِنِى يوسُفَ\" (^١).\n\n٣١٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صلاةِ العَتَمَةِ شَهرًا، يقولُ فى قُنوتِه. فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ عَيَّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، وزادَ فى آخِرِه: قال أبو هريرةَ: وأَصبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ فلَم يَدْعُ لَهُم، فذَكَرتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٤١ - مسند ابن عباس) عن العباس بن الوليد به.","vol":"4","page":132},{"text":"ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"وما تَراهُم قَد قَدِموا؟! \" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ مِهرانَ الرّازِىِّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، وذكَر عَيّاشًا وقالَ فى آخِرِه: قال أبو هريرةَ: ثم رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَرَكَ الدُّعاءَ بَعدُ، فقُلتُ: أرَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد تَرَكَ الدُّعاءَ لَهُم. قال: فقيلَ: وما تَراهُم قَد قَدِموا (^٢)؟!.\n\n٣١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عيسَى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ قالا: أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الرَّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. فذكَره، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكر العَتَمَةَ وقالَ: فى صَلاتِه شَهرًا إذا قال: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". يقولُ فى قُنوتِهِ.\nورواه حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ الأوزاعِىِّ، وفِى آخِرِه: لم يَزَلْ يَدعو حَتَّى نَجّاهُمُ اللَّهُ، ثم تَرَكَ الدُّعاءَ لَهُم (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عن حَربٍ فى هذا الحديثِ قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما لَكَ لم تَدْعُ لِلنَّفَرِ؟ قال: \"أوَما عَلِمتَ أنَّهُم قَد قَدِموا؟! \".\n\n٣١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٤٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٨٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وابن خزيمة (٦٢١) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٥/ ٢٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٧٦، والحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ٧٢ من طريق حرب به.","vol":"4","page":133},{"text":"هِشامٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَنَتَ شَهرًا يَدعو على أحياءٍ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ ثم تَرَكَه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٣١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ موسَى الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا قُدامَةَ يَحكِى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ فى حَديثِ أنَسٍ: قَنَتَ شَهرًا ثم تَرَكَه. قال عبدُ الرحمنِ ﵀: إنَّما تَرَكَ اللَّعنَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-696>بابُ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ أَصْلَ الْقُنُوتِ فِى صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ إِنَّمَا تَرَكَ الدُّعَاءَ لِقَوْمٍ أَوْ عَلَى قَومٍ آخَرِينَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ أَوْ قَبَائِلِهِمْ</span>\n\n٣١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن الرَّبيع بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قَنَتَ شَهرًا يَدعو عَلَيهِم ثم تَرَكَه، فأمَّا فى الصُّبحِ فلَم يَزَلْ يَقنُتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٥٠)، والبخارى (٤٠٨٩)، والنسائى (١٠٧٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤٣)، وابن حبان (١٩٨٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٧/ ٣٠٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ٦٦ عن الحاكم به.","vol":"4","page":134},{"text":"حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^١).\n\n٣١٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ قالَ: كُنتُ جالِسًا عندَ أنَسٍ فقيلَ له: إنَّما قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا. فقالَ: ما زالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقنُتُ فى صَلاةِ الغَداةِ حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^٢). قالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ سَنَدُه، ثِقَةٌ رواتُه، والرَّبيعُ ابنُ أنَسٍ تابِعِىٌّ مَعروفٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ سمِع أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ، رَوَى عنه سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ وغَيرُهُما. وقالَ أبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حاتِمٍ: سأَلتُ أبى وأَبا زُرعَةَ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ فقالا: صَدوقٌ ثِقَةٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رواه إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ المَكِّىُّ وعَمرُو بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحسنِ عن أنَسٍ، إلا أنّا لا نَحتَجُّ بإِسماعيلَ المَكِّىِّ ولا بعَمرِو بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٤):\n\n٣١٥٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ المَخزومِىُّ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّماكِ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُرَيشُ بنُ أنَسٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ المَكِّىُّ وعَمرُو بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَ: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٥٧) من طريق أبى جعفر به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٦٣). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٣٩ من طريق أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٤٤ من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٣) الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٥٤. وفيه أن أبا حاتم قال: صدوق.\n(^٤) هو إسماعيل بن مسلم المكى. ينظر فى: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١٩٨، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٧٤: ضعيف الحديث. وعمرو بن عبيد ينظر فى: الجرح والتعديل =","vol":"4","page":135},{"text":"وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ -﵃- وأَحسِبُه قال: رابِعٌ- حَتَّى فارَقتُهُم (^١). ورواه عبدُ الوارِثِ ابنُ سعيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ عُبَيدٍ وقالَ: فى صَلاةِ الغَداةِ (^٢).\nولِحَديثِهِما هذا شَواهِدُ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- ثم عن خُلَفائه -﵃- فمِنها:\n\n٣١٥١ - ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ ويَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه العَنبَرِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا خُلَيدُ بنُ دَعلَجٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقَنَتَ، وخَلفَ عمرَ فقَنَتَ، وخَلفَ عثمانَ فقَنَتَ (^٣).\n\n٣١٥٢ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا السَّاجِىُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا بُندارٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا العَوَّامُ بنُ حَمزَةَ قال: سأَلتُ أبا عثمانَ عن القُنوتِ فى الصُّبحِ قال: بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ. قُلتُ: عَمَّن؟ قال: عن أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃- (^٥). هذا إسنادٌ\n_________\n= ٦/ ٢٤٦، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٥٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١٢٣.\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٠ عن عثمان السماك به. والبزار (٦٧٠٣) من طريق قريش به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٣٩: ورجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٦٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٠ من طريق عمرو ابن عبيد به. وقال ابن حجر فى التلخيص ١/ ٢٤٥: وغلط بعضهم فصيره عن عبد الوارث عن عوف فصار ظاهر الحديث الصحة وليس كذلك، بل هو من رواية عمرو وهو ابن عبيد رأس القدرية، ولا يقوم بحديثه حجة.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ٩١٨ من طريق النفيلى به. وأخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٥٤ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق خليد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٤٥: خليد لينه أحمد.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الشافعى\". وفى حاشية س: \"صوابه الساجى\". وهذا فى الكامل.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٦٦)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ٢٠٢٠.","vol":"4","page":136},{"text":"حَسَنٌ. ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ لا يُحَدِّثُ إلا عن الثِّقاتِ عندَه.\n\n٣١٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ (^١) بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنى مُخارِقٌ عن طارِقٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ الصُّبحَ فقَنَتَ (^٢).\n\n٣١٥٤ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ يَقنُتُ ها هنا فى الفَجرِ بمَكَّةَ (^٣).\n\n٣١٥٥ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عمرَ مِثْلَه (^٤). وهَذِه رِواياتٌ صَحيحَةٌ مَوصولَةٌ.\n\n٣١٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ بشرٍ المَرثَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الحسينُ بنُ علىٍّ الدَّرامىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ هو ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فى\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"بشير\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٧٩)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٥٠ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٩٦٦) من طريق إسماعيل به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٦٧) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٢١٥) من طريق ابن جريج.","vol":"4","page":137},{"text":"السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ فما كان يَقنُتُ إلا فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^١).\n\n٣١٥٧ - ورواه آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ عن شُعبَةَ بإِسنادِه وقالَ: فكانَ يَقنُتُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثانيَةِ مِن صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، ولا يَقنُتُ فى سائرِ صَلَواتِه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوفِى هذا دَليلٌ على اختِصارٍ وقَعَ فى الحديث الذى:\n\n٣١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ مُنيب، حدَّثَنا الفُضَيلُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ الأسوَدَ وعَمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ قالا: صَلِّينا خَلفَ عمرَ الفَجرَ فلَم يَقنُتْ (^٣).\nمَنصورٌ وإِن كان أحفَظَ وأَوثَقَ مِن حَمّادِ بنِ أبى سليمانَ فرِوايَةُ حَمّادٍ فى هذا توافِقُ المَذهَبَ المَشهورَ عن عمرَ فى القُنوتِ.\n\n٣١٥٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا عَوفٌ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ\n_________\n(^١) البغوى فى الجعديات (٣٦٧).\n(^٢) ذكره الذهبى فى تنقيح كتاب التحقيق ١/ ٢٤٤ عن آدم عن شعبة. وقال: سنده صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٤٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٥٠ من طريق منصور به. والطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٦٥٢ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق إبراهيم. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٤٦: حاجب واه. وسيأتى فى (٣٩٣٦).","vol":"4","page":138},{"text":"عمرَ -﵁- سِتَّ سِنينَ فكانَ يَقنُتُ.\nورواه سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ عن أبى عثمانَ، أنَّ عمرَ قَنَتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^١)، ورواه أيضًا أبو رافِعٍ عن عمرَ على ما نَذكُرُه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٢). والقَولُ فى مِثلِ هذا قَولُ مَن شاهَدَ وحَفِظَ لا قَولُ مَن لم يُشاهِدْ ولَم يَحفَظْ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ التَّميمِىُّ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأزدِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: قَنَتَ عَلِىٌّ -﵁- فى الفَجرِ (^٣). وهَذا عن علىٍّ صَحيحٌ مَشهورٌ.\n\n٣١٦١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرَّاجُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ ابنُ حَكيمٍ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن فِطرِ (^٤) بنِ خَليفَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ الكاهِلِىِّ قال: كأنِّى أسمَعُ عَليًّا -﵁- فى الفَجرِ حينَ قَنَتَ وهو يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَستَعينُكَ ونَستَغفِرُكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٩١ - مسند ابن عباس).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٣١٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٥١ من طريق سفيان به. وزاد مع على أبا موسى.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"مطر\"، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٧٨) من طريق حبيب به. وذكره الذهبى فى التنقيح ١/ ٢٤٦ عن شريك به.","vol":"4","page":139},{"text":"٣١٦٢ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى زُرعَةَ، عن عَرفَجَةَ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- صَلاةَ الفَجرِ فلَم يَقنُتْ، وصَلَّيتُ مَعَ علىٍّ فقَنَتَ (^١).\n\n٣١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ هو ابنُ عامِرٍ، عن عَوفٍ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ قال: صَلَّى ابنُ عباسٍ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فى هذا المَسجِدِ فقَنَتَ وقَرأ هَذِه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨].\n\n٣١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عَلِىٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى يُحَدِّثُ، عن البَراءِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه كان يَقنُتُ فى الصُّبحِ. قال عمرٌو: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإِبراهيمَ فقالَ: لم يَكُنْ كأصحابِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، كان صاحِبَ أُمَراءَ. قال: فرَجَعتُ فتَرَكتُ القُنوتَ. فَقالَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ: تاللَّهِ ما رأينا كاليَومِ قَطُّ شَيئًا لم يَزَلْ فى مَسجِدِنا. قال: فرَجَعتُ إلى القُنوتِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ إبراهيمَ، فلَقيَنِى فقالَ: هذا مَغلوبٌ على صَلاتِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا مِن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وإيّاه غَيرُ مَرضِىٍّ، لَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) البغوى فى الجعديات (٢١٦٨). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٦/ ١٨٠ من طريق عثمان بنحوه بدون ذكر ابن مسعود. وابن أبى شيبة (٧٠٣٢) من طريق عثمان بنحوه بدون ذكر على.\n(^٢) البغوى فى الجعديات (٧٢). وتقدم فى (٣١٣٤) بلفظ: \"الصبح والمغرب\".","vol":"4","page":140},{"text":"كُلُّ عِلمٍ لا يوجَدُ عندَ أصحابِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- ووُجِدَ عندَ غَيرِه لا يُؤخَذُ به، بَل يُؤخَذُ به إذا كان أعَلَى مِن أصحابِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وكانَ الرّاوِى ثِقَةً، وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى ثِقَةٌ، وقَد أخبرَ عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ عن أهلِ المَسجِدِ أنَّه لم يَزَلْ فى مَسجِدِهِم.\nورُوّينا عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ -﵁- مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أنَّه قَنَتَ فى صلاةِ الفَجرِ:\n\n٣١٦٥ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ البَراءِ، عن البَراءِ، أنَّه قَنَتَ فى الفَجرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-697>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه يَقنُتُ بَعدَ الرُّكُوعِ</span>\n\n٣١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: واللَّهِ لأنا أقرَبُكُم صلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فكانَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁- يَقنُتُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ مِن صلاةِ الصبحِ بَعدَ ما يقولُ: سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فيَدعو لِلمُؤمِنينَ ويَلعَنُ الكافِرينَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٠٧٦)، والطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٦٢٨ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤). وأخرجه الحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ٧٢ من طريق أبى سهل ابن زياد القطان به. وتقدم فى (٣١٣٢).","vol":"4","page":141},{"text":"٣١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، أنَّ مُسلِمَ بنَ إبراهيمَ حَدَّثَهُم، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قَنَتَ شَهرًا بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، يَدعو على أحياءٍ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٣١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامىُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ قالا: حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أنَّه سُئلَ: هَل قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ؟ قال: نَعَم. فقيلَ له: قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ أو بَعدَهُ؟ قال: بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ يَسيرًا. قال: فلا أدرِى اليَسيرَ القيامَ أوِ القُنوتَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ سليمانَ، وفِى حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ: سُئلَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ أو بَعدَه؟ قال: بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ يَسيرًا (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣١٤٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٤٤) عن سليمان بن حرب ومسدد به. والنسائى (١٠٧٠) من طريق حماد به. وابن ماجه (١١٨٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٠١).","vol":"4","page":142},{"text":"٣١٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ قال: قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: هَل قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ؟ قال: نَعَم بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ. ثم سُئلَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ: هَل قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ؟ قال: نَعَم بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ يَسيرًا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. وأَخبرَنَا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن القُنوتِ فقالَ: قَد كان القُنوتُ. قُلتُ: قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ أو بَعدَهُ؟ قال: قَبلَه. قُلتُ: إنَّ فُلانًا أخبرَنا عَنكَ أنَّكَ قُلتَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ. قال: كَذَبَ، إنَّما قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ شَهرًا؛ أنَّه كان بَعَثَ قَومًا يُقالُ لَهُمُ القُرّاءُ زُهاءَ سَبعينَ رجلًا إلى قَومٍ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فقَتَلَهُم قَومٌ من المشركينَ دونَ أولَئكَ، وكانَ بَينَهُم وبَينَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَهدٌ، فقَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا يَدعو عَلَيهِم (^٣). رواه\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٢٨٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١١٧) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٧/ ٢٩٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٤٠٩٦) من طريق عبد الواحد. وأحمد (١٢٧٠٥)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ ٣٠١) من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"4","page":143},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^١). كَذا فى هَذِه الروايَةِ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ: أنَّ القُنوتَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ إنَّما كان شَهرًا حينَ كان يَدعو على الَّذينَ قَتَلوا القُرّاءَ، وأَوهَمَ أنَّ القُنوتَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ وبَعدَه إنَّما هو قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ.\nورَوَى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صهَيبٍ عن أنَسٍ فى قِصَّةِ القُرّاءِ قال: فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا عَلَيهِم فى صَلاةِ الغَداةِ، وذَلِكَ بَدءُ القُنوتِ، وما كُنا نَقنُتُ. ثم رَوَى عبدُ العَزيزِ أنَّ رجلًا سألَ أنَسًا عن القُنوتِ: أبَعدَ الرُّكوعِ أو عندَ الفَراغِ مِنَ القراءةِ؟ قال: لا بَل عندَ الفَراغِ مِنَ القراءةِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن أبى هريرةَ فى غَيرِ قصة القُرّاءِ، أنَّ قُنوتَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فيه كان بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، وكَذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٣١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامِىُّ قال: قَرأنا على أبى اليَمانِ، أنَّ شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حمزة أخبرَه عن الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قالا: قال أبو هريرةَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ يَرفَعُ صُلبَه فيَقولُ: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". يَدعو لِرِجالٍ فيُسَمّيهِم بأَسمائهِم فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُم أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، وسَلَمَةَ بنَ هِشامٍ، وعَيَّاشَ بنَ أبى\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٠٠٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٤٠٨٨).","vol":"4","page":144},{"text":"رَبيعَةَ، والمُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، واجعَلْها عَلَيهِم سنينَ كَسِنِى يوسُفَ\". وأهلُ المَشرِقِ مِن مُضَرَ يَومَئذٍ يخالِفونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٣١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثه عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِعَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- إذا رَفَعَ رأسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ فى الرَّكعَةِ الآخِرَةِ مِنَ اهجرِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ فُلانًا وفُلانًا وفُلانًا\". بَعدَ ما يقولُ: \"سمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨] الآيَة (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّلَمِىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ بإِسنادِه، وزادَ فقالَ: وعَن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدعو على صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وسُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو والحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ فنَزَلَت: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾. إلى قَولِه: ﴿ظَالِمُونَ﴾.\n\n٣١٧٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدٍ هو البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٤٤ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٠٣).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣١٣٦).","vol":"4","page":145},{"text":"حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى هذا عن عمرَ بنِ حَمزَةِ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه مَوصولًا، إلا أنَّه ذكَر أبا سُفيانَ بَدَلَ سُهَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n٣١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ خُفافٍ، أنَّه قال: قال خُفافُ بنُ إيماءٍ: رَكَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"غِفارُ غَفَرَ اللَّه لها، وأسلَمُ سالَمَها اللَّهُ، وعُصَيَّةُ عَصتِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه، اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ بنى لِحيانَ، والعَنْ رِعْلًا وذَكْوانَ\". ثم خَرَّ ساجِدًا. قال خالِدٌ: فجُعِلَت لَعنَةُ (^٣) الكَفَرَةِ لأجلِ ذَلِكَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: قال خُفافٌ: فجُعِلَت (^٥).\nورُوّينا عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن أنَسٍ، أنَّه أفتَى بالقُنوتِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ:\n\n٣١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إنَّما قَنَتَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- شَهرًا. فقُلتُ: كَيفَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٠٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٧٤)، والترمذى (٣٠٠٤) وعند أحمد: سهل بن عمرو، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"لعنة اللَّه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٨٤) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وأحمد (١٦٥٧١) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٧٩/ ٣٠٨).","vol":"4","page":146},{"text":"القُنوتُ؟ قال: بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ (^١).\nفهوَ ذا قَد أخبرَ أنَّ القُنوتَ المُطلَقَ المُعتادَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ. وقَولُه: إنَّما قَنَتَ شَهرًا. يُريدُ به اللَّعنَ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ. ورواةُ القُنوتِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ أكثَرُ وأَحفَظُ، فهوَ أولَى، وعَلَى هذا دَرَجَ الخُلَفاءُ الرّاشِدونَ -﵃- فى أشهَرِ الرِّواياتِ عَنهُم وأَكثَرِها.\n\n٣١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحَنّاطُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى إسرائيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا العَوّامُ رجل مِن بنى مازِنٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- قَنَتا فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ (^٢).\nورُوّيناه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ عن العَوّامِ بنِ حَمزَةَ بزيادَةِ: عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n٣١٧٧ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ وسُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ وعَلِى بنِ زَيدٍ، أخبرَنِى كُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا عثمانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَقنُتُ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٨٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٠٧٨). من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"4","page":147},{"text":"٣١٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيب، عن الحسنِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ عمرَ قَنَتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ (^١).\n\n٣١٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: قَنَتَ عُمَرُ. قُلتُ: بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\nوبِإِسنادِه عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أشياخَنا يُحَدِّثونَ أنَّ عليًّا كان يَقنُتُ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِى عن عمرَ وعَلِىٍّ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ تعالَى عَنهُما قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ (^٤)، والصَّحيحُ عن عمرَ بَعدَه.\n\n٣١٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحسينُ بنُ أبى مَعشَرٍ السُّلَمِىُّ بحَرّانَ، حدَّثَنى أحمدُ بنُ بَكّارِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن خُلَيدِ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: قَنَتَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ -﵃- بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، ثم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٨٦) من طريق الحسن بدون ذكر أبى رافع.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٠٨٤) من طريق يزيد به، وعنده: قبل الركوع.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٦٢٢ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق شعبة.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٦١٤ - مسند ابن عباس) عن عمر. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٥١ عن على.","vol":"4","page":148},{"text":"تَباعَدَتِ الدّيارُ، فطَلَبَ الناسُ إلى عثمانَ -﵁- أن يَجعَلَ القُنوتَ فى الصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ لِكَى يُدرِكوا الصَّلاةَ، فقَنَتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ (^١). خُلَيدُ بنُ دَعلَجٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢). وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-698>بابٌ دُعَاءِ الْقُنُوتِ</span>\n\n٣١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نوحٍ مِن أولادِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَر، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن بُرَيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، عن أبى الحَوراءِ، عن حَسَنِ -أوِ الحسنِ (^٣) - بنِ علىٍّ قال: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَلِماتٍ أقولُهُنَّ فى القُنوتِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنِى فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنِى فيمَن تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لِى فيما أعطَيتَ، وقِنِى شَرَّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ، وإِنَّه لا يَذِلّ مَن والَيتَ، ولا يَعِزُّ مَن عادَيتَ، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنا وتَعالَيتَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٥٤ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن شاهين فى ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (٢١٩) من طريق خليد به.\n(^٢) خليد بن دعلج، أبو عمرو الشامى السدوسى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٩٩، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٣٨٤، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٨٥، والكامل ٣/ ٤٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٠٧. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب. ١/ ٢٢٧: ضعيف.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الحسين\". والمثبت من مصادر التخريج وهو مفهوم كلام المصنف بعدُ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١١٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٩٥) من طريق إسرائيل به. وأحمد (١٧٢١)، وأبو داود (١٤٢٦)، والترمذى (٤٦٤)، والنسائى (١٧٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٧٨)، من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الترمذى: =","vol":"4","page":149},{"text":"كَذا كان فى أصلِ كِتابِه: عن الحسنِ أوِ الحسنِ (^١) بنِ علىٍّ. فكأَنَّ الشَّكَّ لم يَقَعْ فى الحسنِ وإِنَّما وقَعَ فى الإِطلاقِ أوِ النِّسبَةِ، وكانَ فى أصلِ كِتابِه هَذِه الزّيادَةُ: \"ولا يَعِزُّ مَن عادَيتَ\".\n\n٣١٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا العَلاءُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى بُرَيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحَوراءِ قال: سأَلتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ ما عَقِلتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: عَلَّمَنِى دَعَواتٍ أقولُهُنَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنِى فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنِى فيمَن تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لِى فيما أعطَيتَ، وقِنِى شَرَّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ\". أُراه قال: \"إِنَّه لا يَذِلُّ مَن والَيتَ، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنا وتَعالَيتَ\". قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لمحمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، فقالَ: إنَّه الدُّعاءُ الذى كان أبى يَدعو به فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ فى قُنوتِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: بُرَيدٌ يقولُ: ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لمحمد ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ:\n\n٣١٨٣ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّارُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه بَخَطِّ أبى الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِىِّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= حسن. وابن حبان (٩٤٥) من طريق بريد به. وسيأتى فى (٤٦٨٩).\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٣)، وفى الدعوات الكبير (٣٨٠). وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الدعاء (٧٤٨) من طريق العلاء به.","vol":"4","page":150},{"text":"أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زكريا بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ أبى مَسَرَّةَ (^١)، أخبرَنِى أبى، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ، أنَّ بُرَيدَ بنَ أبى مَريَمَ أخبرَه قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ ومُحَمَّدَ بنَ علىٍّ هو ابنُ الحَنَفيَّةِ بالخَيفِ يَقولانِ: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَقنُتُ فى صلاةِ الصُّبحِ وفِى وِترِ اللَّيلِ بهَؤُلاءِ االكلِماتِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنِى فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنِى فيما تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لِى فيما أعطَيتَ، وقِنِى شَرَّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ، إنَّه لا يَذِلُّ مَن والَيتَ، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنَا وتَعالَيتَ\" (^٢).\n\n٣١٨٤ - ورُوِّينا عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ هُرمُزَ، عن بُرَيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا دُعاءً نَدعو به فى القُنوتِ مِن صلاةِ الصُّبحِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنا فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنا فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنا فيمَن تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لَنا فيما أعطَيتَ، وقِنا شَرّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ، إنَّه لا يَذِلُّ مَن والَيتَ، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنا وتَعالَيتَ\" (^٣). ورواه مَخلَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الحَرّانِىُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، فذكَر رِوايَةَ بُرَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"ميسرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٢) الفاكهى فى فوائده (١٠٢). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٠: والد أبى يحيى هو أحمد بن زكريا بن أبى مسرة، وما علمت فيهما جرحا مع نكارة الحديث، وطريق أبى إسحاق عن بريد أثبت؛ فقد رواه عن أبى إسحاق جماعة.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٩٥٧).","vol":"4","page":151},{"text":"مُرسَلَةً فى تَعليمِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أحَدَ ابنَىِ ابنَتِه هذا الدُّعاءَ فى وِترِه، ثم قال بُرَيدٌ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ الحَنَفيَّةِ وابنَ عباسٍ يَقولانِ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقولُها فى قُنوتِ اللَّيلِ، وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو صَفوانَ الأُمَوِىُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ هُرمُزَ. وقالَ فى حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ: فى قُنوتِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ. فصَحَّ بهَذا كُلِّه أنَّ تَعليمَ هذا الدُّعاءِ وقَعَ لِقُنوتِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ وقُنوتِ الوِترِ، وأَنَّ بُرَيدًا أخَذَ الحديثَ مِنَ الوَجهَينِ اللَّذَينِ ذَكَرناهُما، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣١٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانىُّ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ القاهِرِ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبى عِمرانَ قال: بَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدعو على مُضَرَ إذ جاءَه جِبريلُ فأَومأَ إلَيه أنِ اسكُتْ، فسَكَتَ، فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنَّ اللَّهَ لم يَبعَثْكَ سَبَّابًا ولا لَعّانًا، وإِنَّما بَعَثَكَ رَحمَةً، ولَم يَبعَثْكَ عَذابًا ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢٨]، ثم عَلَّمَه هذا القُنوتَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَستَعينُكَ ونَستَغفِرُكَ، ونُؤمِنُ بكَ، ونَخضَعُ لَكَ، ونَخلَعُ ونَترُكُ مَن يَكفُرُكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إيّاكَ نَعبُدُ، ولَكَ نُصَلِّى ونَسجُدُ، وإِلَيكَ نَسعَى ونَحفِدُ (^١)، نَرجو رَحمَتَكَ ونخْشىَ عَذابَكَ الجِدَّ، إنَّ عَذابَكَ بالكافِرينَ مُلحِقٌ (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) نحفد: أى نسرع فى العمل والخدمة. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٢) الجد بكسر الجيم: الحق لا اللعب ولا العبث. وملحق بكسر الحاء ولا تفتح هكذا يروى هذا الحرف يقال: لحقت القوم، وألحقهم. بمعنى واحد، وملحق فى هذا الموضع بمعنى لاحق، ومن قال: ملحق بفتح الحاء أراد أن اللَّه جل وعز يلحقه إياه، وهو معنى صحيح غير أن الرواية هى الأولى. =","vol":"4","page":152},{"text":"وقَد روِى عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- صَحيحًا مَوصولًا:\n\n٣١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أنَّ عمرَ -﵁- قَنَتَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لَنا ولِلمُؤمِنينَ والمُؤمِناتِ، والمُسلِمينَ والمُسلِماتِ، وأَلِّفْ بَينَ قُلوبِهِم، وأَصلِحْ ذاتَ بَينِهِم، وانصُرْهُم على عَدوِّكَ وعَدوِّهِم، اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ كَفَرَةَ أهلِ الكِتابِ الَّذينَ يَصُدّونَ عن سَبيلِكَ، ويُكَذِّبونَ رُسُلَكَ، ويُقاتِلونَ أولياءَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ خالِفْ بَينَ كَلِمَتِهِمَ، وزَلزِلْ أقدامَهُم، وأَنزِلْ بهِم بأسَكَ الذى لا تَرُدُّه عن القَومِ المُجرِمينَ، بسمِ اللَّهِ الرحمنِ الرحيمِ اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَستَعينُكَ ونَستَغفِرُكَ، ونُثنِى عَلَيكَ ولا نكفُرُكَ، ونَخلَعُ ونَترُكُ مَن يَفجُرُكَ، بسمِ اللَّهِ الرحمنِ الرحيمِ اللَّهُمَّ إيّاكَ نَعبُدُ، ولَكَ نُصَلِّى ونَسجُدُ، ولَكَ نَسعَى ونَحفِدُ، نَخشَى عَذابَكَ الجِدَّ، ونَرجو رَحمَتَكَ، إنَّ عَذابَكَ بالكافِرينَ مُلحِقٌ (^١). ورواه سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ أبزَى عن أبيه عن عمرَ، فخالَفَ هذا فى بَعضِه:\n\n٣١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ١٧١. وانظر تاج العروس ٢٦/ ٣٤٩. قلت: وضبطت فى نسخة الأصل من المهذب للذهبى بفتح الحاء وكسرها وكتب فوقها: \"معا\". إشارة إلى صحة الوجهين كما ذكر ذلك محقق المهذب. وينظر ص ٣٠٣.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الدعوات الكبير (٣٨٢). وأخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٨٩) عن ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥١: عبد القاهر يجهل.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٦٩) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"4","page":153},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عَبدَةُ بنُ أبى لُبابَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ بَعدَ القراءةِ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ: اللَّهُمَّ إيّاكَ نَعبُدُ، ولَكَ نُصَلِّى ونَسجُدُ، وإِلَيكَ نَسعَى ونَحفِدُ، نَرجو رَحمَتَكَ ونَخشَى عَذابَكَ، إنَّ عَذابَكَ بالكافِرينَ مُلحِقٌ، اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَستَعينُكَ ونَستَغفِرُكَ، ونُثنِى عَلَيكَ الخَيرَ، ولا نَكفُرُكَ، ونُؤمِنُ بكَ ونَخضَعُ لَكَ، ونَخلَعُ مَن يَكفُرُكَ (^١).\nكَذا قال: قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ. وهو وإِن كان إسنادًا صَحيحًا، فمَن رَوَى عن عمرَ قُنوتَه بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ أكثَرُ؛ فقَد رواه أبو رافِعٍ (^٢) وعُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ (^٣) وأبو عثمانَ النَّهدِىُّ (^٤) وزيدُ بنُ وهبٍ (^٥)، والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ، وفِى حُسنِ سياقِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ لِلحَديثِ دَلالَة على حِفظِه وحِفظِ مَن حَفِظَ عَنه. ورُوّينا عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قَنَتَ فى الفَجرِ فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَستَعينُكَ ونَستَغفِرُكَ (^٦).\nورُوّينا عن أبى عمرِو بنِ العَلاءِ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ فى دُعاءِ القُنوتِ: إنَّ عَذابَكَ بالكُفّارِ مُلحِقٌ. يَعنِى بخَفضِ الحاءِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٥٩٦ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبزى به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣١٧٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣١٨٦).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣١٧٦، ٣١٧٧).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٣١٧٩).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٣١٦١).","vol":"4","page":154},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-699>بابُ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ فِى الْقُنُوتِ</span>\n\n٣١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ صَقرِ بنِ نَصرِ ابنِ موسَى السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ فى سُوَيقَةِ غالِبٍ مِن كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ فى قِصَّةِ القُرّاءِ وقَتلِهِم قال: فقالَ لِى أنَسٌ: لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كُلَّما صَلَّى الغَداةَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه يَدعو عَلَيهِم، يَعنِى على الَّذينَ قَتَلوهُم (^١).\n\n٣١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَيخ فى مَجلِسِ عمرِو بنِ عُبَيدٍ زَعَموا أنَّه جَعفَرُ ابنُ مَيمونٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ مَيمونٍ بَيّاعِ الأنماطِ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيِىٌّ كَرِيمٌ، يَسْتَحْيِى إِذَا رَفَعَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَيْهِ يَدَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمَا صِفْرًا خَائِبَتَيْنِ\" (^٢). رَفَعَه جَعفَرُ بنُ مَيمونٍ هَكَذا. ووَقَفَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٠٢)، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٩٧٣) من طريق عفان به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥١: على قال الدارقطنى: ليس القوى.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (١٠١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧١٥) عن يزيد به. والترمذى (٣٥٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٦٥)، وابن حبان (٨٧٦) من طريق ابن أبى عدى به. وأبو داود (١٤٨٨) من طريق جعفر به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٢٠).","vol":"4","page":155},{"text":"سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ عن أبى عثمانَ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه (^١)، والحَديثُ فى الدُّعاءِ جُملَةً إلا أنَّ عَدَدًا مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ رَضِىَ اللَّه تعالَى عَنهُم رَفَعوا أيديَهُم فى القُنوتِ، مَعَ ما رُوِّيناه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٣١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ أبى علىٍّ بَيّاعِ الأنماطِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عثمانَ قال: رأَيتُ عمرَ -﵁- يَمُدُّ يَدَيه فى القُنوتِ (^٣).\n\n٣١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّد، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو عثمانَ النَّهدِىُّ قال: كُنّا نَجِئُ وعُمَرُ يَؤُمُّ الناسَ، ثم يَقنُتُ بنا بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، ويَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَتَّى يَبدوَ كَفاه ويُخْرجَ ضَبعَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٣١٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى عثمانَ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقَرأَ ثَمانينَ آيَةً مِنَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، وقَنَتَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى رأَيتُ بَياضَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧١٤)، والمصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (١٠١٣) موقوفا. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٨٨٠)، والمصنف فى الدعوات (١٨١) مرفوعا.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣١٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٠٨)، والبخارى فى رفع اليدين (١٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى رفع اليدين (١٦١) عن مسدد به.","vol":"4","page":156},{"text":"إبطَيه، ورَفَعَ صَوتَه بالدُّعاءِ حَتَّى سمِع مَن وراءَ الحائطِ (^١).\n\n٣١٩٣ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ وبَكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ جَميعًا، عن أبى رافِعٍ قالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقَنَتَ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، ورَفَعَ يَدَيه وجَهَرَ بالدُّعاءِ. قالَ قَتادَةُ: وكانَ الحسنُ يَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). وهَذا عن عمرَ -﵁- صَحيحٌ.\nورُوِى عن علىٍّ -﵁- بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ، ورُوِى عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ -﵄- فى قُنوتِ الوِترِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخ ﵀: فأَمّا مَسحُ اليَدَينِ بالوَجهِ عندَ الفَراغِ من الدُّعاءَ فلَستُ أحفَظُه عن أحَدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ فى دُعاءِ القُنوتِ، وإِن كان يُروَى عن بَعضِهِم فى الدُّعاءِ خارجَ الصَّلاةِ، وقَد رُوِى فيه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- حَديثٌ فيه ضَعفٌ (^٤)، وهو مُستَعمَلٌ عندَ بَعضهِم خارجَ الصَّلاةِ، وأما فى الصَّلاةِ فهوَ عَمَلٌ لم يَثبُتْ بخَبَرٍ صَحيحٍ ولا أثَرٍ ثابِتٍ ولا قياسٍ، فالأولَى ألَّا يَفعَلَه، ويَقتَصرَ على ما فعَلَه السَّلَفُ -﵃- مِن رَفعِ اليَدَينِ دونَ مَسحِهِما بالوَجهِ فى الصَّلاةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ هو السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٥)، والمعرفة (٩٧٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٦، ٤٥٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٤٣)، وأبو داود (١٤٩٢) من حديث السائب بن يزيد. والترمذى (٣٣٨٦) من حديث عمر بن الخطاب. وضعفه النووى فى الأذكار ص ٤٩٢. وينظر حديث ابن عباس الآتى.","vol":"4","page":157},{"text":"ابنِ أيمَنَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ، عَمَّن حدَّثه، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"سَلُوا اللَّهَ ﷿ ببطونِ أكُفِّكُم، ولا تَسألوه بظُهورِها، فإِذا فرَغتُم فامسَحوا بها وُجوهَكُم\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: روِى هذا الحَديثُ مِن غَيرِ وجهٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ كُلُّها واهيَةٌ، وهَذا الطَّريقُ أمثَلُها وهو ضَعيفٌ أيضًا.\n\n٣١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الجَرّاحِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ شاسُويَه، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرنى علىٌّ الباشانِىُّ قال: سألَتُ عبدَ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ عن الذى إذا دَعا مَسَحَ وجهَه، قال: لم أجِدْ له ثَبَتًا. قال عَلِىٌّ: ولَم أرَه يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَقنُتُ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ فى الوِترِ، وكانَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-700>باب الْمَأْمُومِ يُؤَمِّنُ عَلَى دُعَاءِ الْقُنُوتِ</span>\n\n٣١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكير، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ خَبّابٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا مُتَتابِعًا فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، والصُّبحِ، فى دُبُرِ كُل صَلاةٍ إذا قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الآخِرَةِ، يَدعو على أحياءٍ مِن سُلَيمٍ، على رِعْلٍ وذكْوانَ وعُصَيَّةَ، ويُؤَمِّنُ مَن خَلفَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٨٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٨١، ٣٨٦٦) من طريق محمد بن كعب به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤٤٣). وتقدم فى (٣١٤١). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٢٨٠).","vol":"4","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-701>بابُ مَن لم يَرَ القُنوتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٣١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: ما قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى شَئٍ مِن صَلَواتِهِ (^١). كَذا رواه محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ السُّحَيمِىُّ، وهو مَتروكٌ (^٢).\n\n٣١٩٨ - وقَد رَوَى أبو حَمزَةَ الأعوَرُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَنَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا يَدعو على عُصَيَّةَ وذَكْوانَ، فلَمّا ظَهَرَ عَلَيهِم تَرَكَ القُنوتَ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوقَد رُوّينا عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ ﵀ أنَّه قال: إنَّما تَرَكَ اللَّعنَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٤٨٣) من طريق محمد بن جابر به مطولًا.\n(^٢) هو محمد بن جابر بن سيار بن طلق، أبو عبد اللَّه اليمامى السُّحيمىُّ. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٥٣، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٤/ ٤١، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٥٨، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٧٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٦٤، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٥٠: صدوق ذهبت كتبه فساء حفظه وخلط كثيرًا، وعمى فصار يلقن.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٩٩٧٣) عن على بن عبد العزيز. والبزار (١٥٦٩) من طريق مالك ابن إسماعيل به. وأبو يعلى (٥٠٤٣) من طريق شريك به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٣٧: وفيه أبو حمزة الأعور القصاب وهو ضعيف.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣١٤٧).","vol":"4","page":159},{"text":"٣١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى: يا أبَتِ ألَيسَ قَد صَلَّيتَ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وخَلفَ أبى بكرٍ وخَلفَ عُمَرَ؟ قال: بَلَى. قُلتُ: فكانوا يَقنُتونَ فى الفَجرِ؟ قال: يا بُنَىَّ مُحدَثَةٌ (^١). طارِقُ بنُ أشيَمَ الأشجَعِىُّ لم يَحفَظْهُ عمَّن صَلَّى خَلفَه فرآه مُحدَثًا، وقَد حَفِظَه غَيرُه، فالحُكمُ له دونَه.\n\n٣٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنى أبو الحسنِ العَنَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ ابنِ عمرَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فلَم يَقنُتْ، فقُلتُ لابنِ عمرَ: لا أراكَ تَقنُتُ؟ قال: لا أحفَظُه عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِنا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: نِسيانُ بَعضِ الصَّحابَةِ أو غَفلَتُه عن بَعضِ السُّننِ لا يَقدَحُ فى رِوايَةِ مَن حَفِظَه وأَثبَتَه (^٣).\n\n٣٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٤٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (٤٠٣) من طريق أبى عوانة. وأحمد (١٥٨٧٩)، والترمذى (٤٠٢)، والنسائى (١٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤١)، وابن حبان (١٩٨٩) من طريق أبى مالك به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٤٦ من طريق قتادة به بنحوه. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٣: صحيح عن ابن عمر.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٤: نسيان ابن عمر لذلك كالمستحيل؛ لأنه مستمر على صلاة الصبح دائمًا، وكان ملازمًا للنبى -ﷺ- وصاحبيه، شديد الاتباع.","vol":"4","page":160},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: أرأَيتَ قيامَهُم عندَ فراغِ القارِئِ مِنَ السّورَةِ، هذا القُنوتُ، إنَّها لَبِدعَةٌ، ما فعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلا شَهرًا ثم تَرَكَه (^١).\nبشرُ بنُ حَربٍ النَّدَبِىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، فإِن صَحَّت رِوايَتُه عن ابنِ عمر ففيها دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه إنَّما أنكَرَ القُنوتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ [دوامًا.\n\n٣٢٠٢ - وأَمّا] (^٣) الذى أخبرنى أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شَبابَةُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَيسَرَةَ أبو لَيلَى، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى حُرَّةَ (^٤)، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ القُنوتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بدعَةٌ (^٥).\nفإِنَّه لا يَصِحُّ، وأبو لَيلَى الكوفىُّ مَتروكٌ (^٦)، وقَد رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قَنَتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٤٤٢ من طريق حماد به بنحوه.\n(^٢) هو بشر بن حرب الأزدى، أبو عمرو النَّدَبِىُّ. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ١/ ٢١، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ١/ ١٣٨، والمجروحين ١/ ١٨٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١١٠، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣١٤. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٤: بعضهم قواه، واحتج به النسائى. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٩٨: صدوق فيه لين.\n(^٣) فى س: \"وأما ما صحت روايته عن ابن عمر\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"مرة\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤١.\n(^٦) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٧) تقدم فى (٢١٩٩).","vol":"4","page":161},{"text":"٣٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الرَّمادِىُّ (^١) يَعنِى إبراهيمَ بنَ بَشَّارٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن القُنوتِ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحسنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: محمدُ بنُ يَعلَى وعَنبَسَةُ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ نافِعٍ ضُعَفاءُ، ولا يَصحُّ لِنافِعٍ سَماعٌ مِن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ. قال: وقالَ هَيَّاجٌ عن عَنبَسَةَ عن ابنِ نافِعٍ عن أبيه عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ. وصَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبى عُبَيدٍ لم تُدرِكِ النبىَّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-702>بابُ التَّرغيبِ فى حِفظِ وقتِ الصَّلاةِ والتَّشديدِ على مَن أضاعَه</span>\nقال اللَّه ﷿: ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ (٤) الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾ [الماعون: ٤ - ٥].\n\n٣٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ زُبَيدٍ الإِيامِىُّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقَّاصٍ قال: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾. وفِى قراءةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: (لاهونَ). قال: السَّهوُ عَنها تَركُ وقتِها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى ص: \"الزيادى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٤٢) من طريق محمد بن يعلى به. وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٥٥): موضوع.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٣٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب فى تالى التلخيص (٢٣٣) عن أبى بكر ابن الحسن القاضى به. وقراءة عبد اللَّه بن =","vol":"4","page":162},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رواه خَلَفُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ (^١).\n\n٣٢٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى (^٢) بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن عاصِمٍ هو ابنُ أبى النَّجودِ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سعدٍ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى: أرأَيتَ قَولَ اللَّهِ تعالى: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾. هو الذى يُحَدِّثُ أحَدُنا نَفسَه فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قالَ: لا، وأَيُّنا لا يُحَدِّثُ نَفسَه فى الصَّلاةِ! ولَكِنَّ السَّهوَ تَركُ الصَّلاةِ عن وقتِها (^٣).\nوقَد أسنَدَه عِكرِمَةُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأزدِىُّ:\n\n٣٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المَهرانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سليمانَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأزدِىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قالَ: سأَلتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- عن قَولِه: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾. قالَ: \"هُمُ الذينَ يوخِّرونَ (^٤) الصَّلاةَ عن وقتِها\" (^٥).\n_________\n= مسعود شاذة. ينظر مختصر الشواذ لابن خالويه ص ١٨١.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٥٩ من طريق خلف بن حوشب به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"محمد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٠٤) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) فى س: (تركوا).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٨٢٢)، وابن أبى حاتم فى العلل (٥٣٦) من طريق شيبان بن فروخ به، وقال ابن أبى حاتم: فسمعت أبا زرعة يقول: هذا خطأ والصحيح موقوف. وأخرجه البزار (١١٤٥) من =","vol":"4","page":163},{"text":"٣٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنى حَرَمِىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ القَسمَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾ قال: \"إضَاعَةُ الوَقتِ\" (^١). وهَذا الحَديثُ إنَّما يَصِحُّ مَوقوفًا. وعِكرِمَةُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^٢) قَد ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) وغَيرُه مِن أئمَّةِ الحَديثِ.\n\n٣٢٠٨ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ الحَسَنِىُّ (^٤) ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويه الدَّقّاقُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قال: الوَليدُ بنُ العَيزارِ أخبرَنِى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى صاحِبُ هَذِه الدّارِ، وأَومأَ بيَدِه إلى دارِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، قال: سأَلتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ-: أىُّ العَمَلِ أحَبُّ إلى اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"الصَّلاةُ لوَقتِها\". قُلتُ: ثم أىٌّ؟ قال: \"برُّ الوالِدَينِ\". قُلتُ: ثم أىٌّ؟ قال: \"الجِهادُ فى سبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قال: وحَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n= طريق عكرمة به، وقال: ولا نعلم أسنده إلا عكرمة عن عبد الملك بن عمير. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٢١.\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٣٩٧) من طريق أبى سعيد به.\n(^٢) هو عكرمة بن إبراهيم الأزدى، أبو عبد اللَّه. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٥٠، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١١، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٨٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٨٩، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ١٨١.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٤١٢.\n(^٤) فى س، م: (الحسينى). وتقدمت ترجمته فى ١/ ١٥.","vol":"4","page":164},{"text":"بهِنَّ، ولَوِ استَزَدتُه لَزادَنِى (^١). هَكَذا أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ مُطَرِّفٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه الصُّنابِحِىِّ قال: زَعَمَ أبو محمدٍ أنَّ الوِترَ واجِبٌ. فقالَ عُبادَةُ: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ (^٣)، أشهَدُ أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَوات افتَرَضَهُنَّ اللَّهُ، مَن أحسَنَ وُضوءَهُنَّ وصَلَاتهُنَّ لِوَقتِهِنَّ، وأتَمَّ رُكوعَهُنَّ وخُشوعَهُنَّ، كان له عندَ اللَّهِ عَهدٌ أن يَغفِرَ له، ومَن لم يَفعَلْ فلَيسَ له عندَ اللَّهِ عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ غَفَرَ له، وإِن شاءَ عَذَّبَه\" (^٤). لَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٨٩٠، ٤١٨٦)، والنسائى (٦٠٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٧٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٥/ ١٣٩).\n(^٣) كذب أبو محمد: أى: أخطأ، سماه كذبًا؛ لأنه يشبهه فى كونه ضد الصواب، كما أن الكذب ضد الصدق. . . وهذا الرجل ليس بمخبر، وإنما قاله باجتهاد أداه إلى أن الوتر واجب، والاجتهاد لا يدخله الكذب، وإنما يدخله الخطأ. النهاية ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٢٧٠٤) من طريق محمد بن مطرف به. وتقدم فى (١٧١٣). وسيأتى فى (٦٥٧٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٠).","vol":"4","page":165},{"text":"فى حَديثِ آدَمَ ذِكرُ الوِترِ، وقالَ: عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنابِحِىِّ (^١).\n\n٣٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سليمانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى خَلَفٍ الصوفىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ الجَوسَقانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو الأشعَثِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ جَليسٍ لِمِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّ أخوَف ما أخافُ على أُمَّتِى تأخيرُهُم الصَّلاةَ عن وقتها، وتَعجيلُهُم الصَّلاةَ عن وقتِها\".\n\n٣٢١١ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ قال: حدَّثَنا الأشعَثِىُّ. فذكَر هذا الحديثَ ثم قال البخارىُّ: لا أدرِى أَيْشٍ هذا الحَديثُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لأنَّه لا يُعرَفُ حالُ عبدِ الرحمنِ هذا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فى المَواقيتِ وفيها كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٣٢١٢ - وقَد رواه غَيرُ الأشعَثِىِّ، [فذكَر هذا الحديثَ] (^٣)، عن حَفصٍ فأَسنَدَه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الإصابة ٥/ ٢٩١، ٦/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٧٢، دون ذكر: لا أدرى أيش هذا الحديث. وينظر لسان الميزان ٣/ ٤٤٧. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٥: الخبر منكر، وعبد الرحمن مجهول.\n(^٣) كذا جاءت هذه الجملة فى س، م، ولعلها انتقال نظر مما قبلها.","vol":"4","page":166},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ عِصامٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الشَّعثاءِ علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه.\n\n٣٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرٌ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ: ما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ فى أهلِهِ؟ فقالَت: كان يَكونُ فى مِهنَةِ أهلِه -قال: تَعنِى فى خِدمَةِ أهلِه- فإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ خَرَجَ إلى الصَّلاةِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-703>باب: لَا تَفْرِيطَ عَلَى مَنْ نَامَ عَنْ صَلَاةٍ أَوْ نَسِيَهَا حَتَّى ذَهَبَ وَقْتُهَا، وَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٣٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وشُجاعُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أخبرَنا حُصَينٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه أبى قَتادَةَ قال: سَرَينا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ فى سَفَرٍ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه لَو عَرَّستَ بنا؟ فذكَر الحديثَ فى نَومِهِم عن الصَّلاةِ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٢٦، ٢٤٩٤٨)، والترمذى (٢٤٨٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٦).","vol":"4","page":167},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ قَبَضَ أرواحَكُم حينَ شاءَ، ورَدَّها عَلَيكُم حينَ شاءَ\". ثم أمَرَهُم فانتَشَروا لِحاجَتِهِم وتَوَضَّئوا، وارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ فصلَّى بهِم (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثَنى ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ فى مَسيرِهِم قالَ: فمالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- عن الطَّريقِ فوَضَعَ رأسَه، ثم قالَ: \"احفَظوا عَلَينا صَلاتَنا\". فكانَ أوَّلَ مَنِ استَيقَظَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- والشَّمسُ فى ظَهرِه، فقُمنا فزِعينَ فقالَ: \"اركَبوا\". فسِرنا حَتَّى ارتَفَعَتِ الشمسُ، ثم دَعا بمِيضَأَةٍ (^٣) كانَت مَعِى فيها شَئٌ مِن ماءٍ، فتَوَضّأْنا مِنها. وذكَر الحديثَ قالَ: ثم نادَى بلالٌ بالصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ، ثم صَلَّى صلاةَ الغَداةِ، فصَنَعَ كما كان يَصنَعُ كُلَّ يَومٍ، ثم رَكِبَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ورَكِبنا، فجَعَلَ بَعضُنا يَهمِسُ إلى بَعضٍ: ما كَفّارَةُ ما صنَعنا بتَفريطِنا فى صَلاتِنا؟ فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما هذا الذى تَهمِسونَ دونِى؟ \". فقُلنا: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّه تَفريطُنا فى صَلاتِنا. فقالَ: \"أما لَكُم فِيَّ أُسوَةٌ؟ \". ثم قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ فى النَّومِ تَفريطٌ، إنَّما التَّفريطُ على مَن لم يُصَلِّ الصَّلاةَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٤٧٨٧). وتقدم فى (١٩١٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٤٧١).\n(^٣) تقدم تعريفها فى (٢٢٧).","vol":"4","page":168},{"text":"حَتَّى يَجِئَ وقتُ الأُخرَى، فإِذا كان ذَلِكَ فليُصَلِّها حينَ يَستَيقِظُ، فإِذا كان مِنَ الغَدِ فليُصَلِّها عندَ وقتِها\". وذكرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ. ثم قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَباحٍ: إنِّى لأُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديث فى المَسجِدِ الجامِعِ فقالَ لِى عِمرانُ بنُ الحُصَينِ: انظُرْ أيّها الفَتَى كَيفَ تُحَدِّثُ، فإِنِّى لأحَدُ الرَّكبِ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ. قُلت: يا أبا نُجَيدٍ حَدِّثْ، أنتَ أعلَمُ بالحَديثِ. قال: مِمَّن أنتَ؟ قُلتُ: مِنَ الأنصارِ. قال: فأَنتُم أعلَمُ بالحَديثِ. فحَدَّثتُ القَومَ، فقالَ عِمرانُ: لَقَد شَهِدتُ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ فما شَعَرتُ أنَّ أحَدًا حَفِظَه كما حَفِظتُه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ عن سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ وقالَ: \"فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فليُصَلِّها حينَ يَنتَبِهُ لها، فإِذا كان الغَدُ فليُصَلِّها عندَ وقتِها\" (^٢).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّه أعلَمُ لِيُبَيِّنَ أنَّ وقتَها لم يَتَحَوَّلْ إلى ما بَعدَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، فإِذا كان الغَدُ صَلَّاها عندَ وقتِها، يَعنِى صَلاةَ الغَدِ. وقَد حَمَلَه بَعضهُم عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رَباحٍ على الوَهْمِ:\n\n٣٢١٦ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا الأسوَدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سُمَيرٍ (^٣) قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَباحٍ الأنصارِىُّ وكانَتِ الأنصارُ تُفَقِّهُه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٩١٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨١/ ٣١١).\n(^٣) فى س، م، ومطبوعة سنن أبى داود: \"ضمير\". بالشين المعجمة. والمثبت هو الصواب وهو الموافق لما فى المهذب ٢/ ٦٥٧. قال العظيم آبادى: بضم السين المهملة مصغرًا، كذا ضبطه الذهبى فى كتاب المشتبه والمختلف والزيلعى فى تخريجه، وهو الصحيح المعتمد. عون المعبود ١/ ١٦٨. =","vol":"4","page":169},{"text":"فحَدَّثَنا قال: حدَّثَنا أبو قَتادَةَ الأنصارىُّ فارِسُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر قِصَّةَ نَومِهِم عن الصَّلاةِ إلى أن قال: فما استَيقَظنا إلا بالشَّمسِ طالِعَةً عَلَينا، فقُمنا وهِلينَ (^١) لِصَلاتِنا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"رُوَيدًا رُوَيدًا\". حَتَّى تَعالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم قال: \"مَن كان يُصَلِّى هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ قبلَ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ فليُصَلِّهِما\". قال: فصلَّاهُما مَن كان يُصَلّيهِما ومِنَ كان لا يُصَلّيهِما، ثم أمَرَ فنودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ، ثم تقدَّم فصَلَّى بنا، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"إنّا بحَمدِ اللَّه لم نَكُنْ فى شَئٍ مِن أمرِ الدُّنيا شَغَلَنا عن صَلاتِنا، ولَكِن أرواحُنا كانَت بيَدِ اللَّه أرسَلَها إذا شاءَ، فمَن أدرَكَته هَذِه الصَّلاةُ مِن غَدٍ صالِحًا (^٢) فليُصَلِّ مَعَها مِثلَها\" (^٣).\nقال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ: لا يُتابَع فى قَولِه: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها ولِوَقْتِها مِنَ الغدِ\".\nأخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ قال: قال محمدٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على ضَعفِ هَذِه الكَلِمَةِ وأَنَّ الصَّحيحَ ما مَضَى مِن رِوايَةِ سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، أنَّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ أحَدَ الرَّكبِ كما\n_________\n= وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٩٠، والمشتبه للذهبى ٢/ ٤٠١، وتبصير المنتبه لابن حجر ٢/ ٧٨٩.\n(^١) وهلين: يعنى فزعين. عون المعبود ١/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) فى نسخة من المطبوع: \"صلاها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٨) من طريق الأسود بن شيبان، وفيه: \"فليقض معها مثلها\". وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨١): شاذ.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٨٤.","vol":"4","page":170},{"text":"حَدَّثَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَباحٍ عنه، وقَد صَرَّحَ فى رِوايَةِ هذا الحديثِ بأَن لا يَجِبُ مَعَ القَضاءِ غَيرُه:\n\n٣٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن الحسنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: سَرَينا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزاةٍ -أو قال: سَريَّةٍ- فلَمّا كان فى آخِرِ السَّحَرِ عَرَّسنا، فما استَيقَظنا حَتَّى أيقَظَنا حَرُّ الشَّمسِ، فجَعَلَ القَومُ مِنّا يَنتَبِهُ فزِعًا دَهِشًا، فلَمّا استَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَنا فارتَحَلنا، ثم سِرنا حَتَّى ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم نَزَلنا فقَضى القَومُ حَوائجَهُم، ثم أمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ، فصَلَّينا رَكعَتَينِ، ثم أمَرَه فأَقامَ، ثم صَلَّى الغَداةَ، فقُلنا: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ ألا نَقضيها مِنَ الغَدِ (^١) لِوَقتِها؟ فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَنهاكُم اللَّهُ عن الرِّبا ويَقبَلُه مِنكُم؟ \" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٢١٨ - ورواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ حدَّثه. فذكَر مَعناه. أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ بَيانٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الغداة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٤)، وابن حبان (١٤٦١، ٢٦٥٠) من طريق هشام به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٥٧: إسناده صالح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٦٤) من طريق روح به.","vol":"4","page":171},{"text":"المُهَلَّبِ، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ. فَذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٣٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ قَفَلَ مِن غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ سارَ لَيلَةً حَتَّى إذا أدرَكَه الكَرَى عَرَّسَ، وقالَ لِبِلالٍ: \"اكلَأْ لَنا اللَّيلَ (^٢) \". فصَلَّى بلالَ ما قُدِّرَ له، ونامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَصحابُه، فلَمّا تَقارَبَ الفَجرُ استَنَدَ بلالٌ إلى راحِلَتِه مواجِهَ الفَجرِ، فغَلَبَت بلالًا عَيناه وهو مُستَنِدٌ إلى راحِلَتِه، فلَم يَستَيقِظْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا بلالٌ ولا أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِه حَتَّى ضَرَبَتهُم الشَّمسُ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أوَّلَهُم استيقاظًا، ففَزعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أىْ بلالُ؟ \". فقالَ بلالٌ: أخَذَ بنَفسِى الذى أخَذَ بنَفسِكَ بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"اقتادُوا\". فاقتادوا رَواحِلَهُم شَيئًا، ثم تَوَضّأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فصلَّى بهِم الصُّبحَ، فلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ الصَّلاةَ فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قال: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \". قال يونُسُ: وكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يَقرَؤُها: ﴿لِذِكْرِي﴾. وفِى حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٦٥) من طريق زائدة به. وتقدم فى (١٠٥٩) من حديث أبى رجاء عن عمران.\n(^٢) اكلأ لنا الليل، أى: احفظه واحرسه لنا؛ بمعنى: راقب لنا صلاة الفجر. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٩٤.","vol":"4","page":172},{"text":"أحمدَ: (لِلذِّكرَى) (^١) قال يونُسُ: وكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يَقرَؤُها كَذَلِكَ. قال أحمدُ: قال عَنبَسَةُ، يَعنِى عن يونُسَ فى هذا الحديثِ: (لِذِكرِى). قال أحمدُ: الكَرَى النُّعاسُ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبانٌ، حدَّثَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ فى هذا الخَبَرِ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَحَوَّلُوا عن مَكانِكُم الذى أصابَتكُم فيه الغَفلَةُ\". قال: فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ وصَلَّى (^٤).\nوهَذا الخَبَرُ رواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا. ورواه مالكٌ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن النبىِّ - ﷺ- منقطعًا (^٥)، ومَن وصَلَه ثِقَةٌ. وقَد ثَبَتَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى هريرةَ مُختَصَرًا:\n\n٣٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بن\n_________\n(^١) هذه قراءة شاذة، ينظر مختصر الشواذ لابن خالويه ص ٩٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٣٥) دون ذكر قول يونس الأول، وفيه: \"فى هذا الحديث للذكرى\" بدلًا من: \"فى هذا الحديث لذكرى\". وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠٦٩) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وابن ماجه (٦٩٧) عن حرملة به. والنسائى (٦١٨) من طريق ابن وهب به مختصرًا. والترمذى (٣١٦٣) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٨٠/ ٣٠٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٣٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٦١٩) من طريق معمر به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٢١).\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٣، ١٤. وينظر التمهيد ٣/ ٣٢٣، ٤/ ٦٨ - ٧٠.","vol":"4","page":173},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: عَرَّسْنا مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فلَم نَستَيقِظْ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ليأخُذْ كُلُّ رجلٍ برأسِ راحِلَتِه، فإِنَّ هذا مَنزِلٌ حَضَرَنا فيه الشَّيطانُ\". ففَعَلنا، ثم دَعا بالماءِ فتَوَضّأ ثم سَجَدَ سجدَتَينِ، ثم أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلَّى الغَداةَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وأبو الوَليدِ ومُسلِمٌ قالوا: حدَّثَنا هَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، ولا كَفّارَةَ لها إلا ذَلِكَ\". ثم قرأَ قَتادَةُ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هُدبَةُ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٣٤)، والنسائى (٦٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٨، ٩٩٩)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٦٥١) من طريق يحيى به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٠/ ٣١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٤٨)، وأبو داود (٤٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٣) من طريق همام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٩٧).","vol":"4","page":174},{"text":"فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَدّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ، وهو هُدبَةُ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً أو نامَ عَنها فكَفّارَتُها أن يُصَلّيَها إذا ذَكَرَها\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ والمُثَنَّى بنُ سعيدٍ وغَيرُهُما عن قَتادَةَ (^٥).\n\n٣٢٢٥ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ والمَسعودِىُّ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى عَلقَمَةَ القارِىِّ مِن بنى قارَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، وحَديثُ المَسعودِىِّ أحسَنُ، قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرجِعَه مِنَ الحُدَيبيَّةِ فعَرَّسنا، فقالَ: \"مَن يَحرُسُنا لِصَلاتِنا؟ \" -وقالَ: شُعبَةُ: \"مَن يَكلَؤُنا؟ \"- فقالَ بلالٌ: أنا. قال: المَسعودِىُّ فى حَديثِه: \"إِنَّكَ تَنامُ؟ \". ثم قال: \"مَن يَحرُسُنا لِصَلاِتنا؟ \". قالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: قُلتُ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّكَ تَنامُ؟ \". فَحَرَستُهُم حَتَّى إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٦٤٨) من طريق هدبة به. وسيأتى فى (٣٨٥٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٤/ ٣١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٥٠)، والترمذى (١٧٨)، والنسائى (٦١٢)، وابن ماجه (٦٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٠٤)، وابن حبان (١٥٥٥، ٢٦٤٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٨٤/ عقب ٣١٤).\n(^٥) ستأتى هذه الروايات فى (٤٤٤٥، ٤٤٤٦).","vol":"4","page":175},{"text":"كان فى وجهِ الصُّبحِ أدرَكَنِى ما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فنِمتُ، فما استَيقَظنا إلا بالشَّمسِ قال: فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَنَعَ ما كان يَصنَعُ، ثم قال: \"إنَّ اللَهَ لَو أرادَ ألَّا تَناموا عَنها لم تَناموا، ولكن أرادَ أن يَكونَ لِمَن بَعدَكُم، فهَكَذا فافعَلوا؛ مَن (^١) نامَ مِنكُم أو نَسِىَ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سليمانَ البُرُلُّسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو ثابِتٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ أبى العَطّافِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فوَقتُها إذا ذَكَرَها\" (^٣). كَذا رواه حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أبى العَطّافِ، وقَد قيلَ: عنه، عن أبى الزِّناد، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيم أو عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ. وهو مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٤)، قال (^٥) البخارىُّ (^٦) وغَيرُه. والصَّحيحُ عن أبى هريرةَ وغَيرِه عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ومن\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٣٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٥٧) مختصرًا، وفى (٤٤٢١)، وأبو داود (٤٤٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٨٥٣) من طريق شعبة به وفيه أن الذى كان يكلؤهم بلال، وينظر الدلائل للمصنف ٤/ ٢٧٤. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٨٠). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٤٢٣، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٨٤٠) من طريق حفص بن عمر به.\n(^٤) هو حفص بن عمر بن أبى العطاف القرشى السهمى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٧٧، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢٥٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٨. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٨٧: ضعيف.\n(^٥) فى المعرفة: قاله. ولعله الصواب.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٦٧.","vol":"4","page":176},{"text":"النبىِّ -ﷺ- ما ذَكرَنا، لَيسَ فيه \"فوَقتُها إذا ذَكَرَها\".\nوفِى حَديثِ أبى قَتادَةَ وأَبِى هريرةَ وغَيرِهِما دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ وقتَ القَضاءِ لا يَتَضَيَّقُ، ولَو كان يَتَضَيَّقُ لأشبَهَ ألَّا يُؤَخِّرَها عن حالِ الانتِباهِ لِمَكانِ الشَّيطانِ، فقَد صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يَخنُقُ الشَّيطانَ. قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: وخَنقُه الشَّيطانَ فى الصَّلاةِ أكبَرُ مِن وادٍ فيه شَيطانٌ (^١).\n\n٣٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ عِفريتًا مِنَ الجِنِّ تَفَلّتَ عَلَىَّ البارِحَةَ ليقطَعَ عَلَىَّ الصَّلاةَ، فأمكنَنِى اللَّهُ مِنه فذَرعتُه (^٢)، وأرَدتُ أن أربِطَه إلى جَنبِ ساريَة مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ حَتَّى تُصبِحوا فتَنظُروا إلَيه كُلُّكُم أجمَعونَ\". قال: \"فذَكَرتُ دَعوَةَ أخِى سليمانَ: رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مُلكًا لا يَنبَغِى لأحَدٍ مِن بَعدِى\". قال: \"فرَدَّه خاسِئًا\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمد بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) فى س: \"فدرعته\". وذرعته: خنقته. تاج العروس ٢١/ ٦ (ذ ر ع).\n(^٣) أحمد (٧٩٦٩). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١٤٤٠) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وابن حبان (٦٤١٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٤٢٣)، ومسلم عقب (٥٤١/ ٣٩).","vol":"4","page":177},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَرَّ عَلَىَّ الشَّيطانُ فتناوَلتُه فأخَذتُه فخَنَقتُه حَتَّى وجَدتُ بَردَ لِسانِه على يَدِى، وقالَ: أوجَعتَنِى أوجَعتَنِى. ولَولا [ما دَعا] (^١) سليمانُ ﵇ لأصبَحَ مُناطًا إلى أُسطوانَةٍ مِن أساطينِ المَسجِدِ، يَنظُرُ إلَيه وِلدانُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه جابِرُ بنُ سَمُرَةَ فرواه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-704>بابُ قَضاءِ الصَّلَواتِ الأُولَى فالأُولَى</span>\n\n٣٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يحيى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: جاءَ عُمَرُ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- يَومَ الخَندَقِ، فجَعَلَ يَسُبُّ كفّارَ قُرَيشٍ ويَقولُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه ما صَلّيتُ صَلاةَ العَصرِ حَتَّى كادَت أن تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ. قال النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وأنا واللَّهِ ما صَلَّيتُها بَعدُ\". قال: فنَزَلَ إلى بُطْحانَ (^٤) فتَوَضّأَ وصَلَّى العَصرَ بَعدَ ما غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ بَعدَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"دعاء\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٧/ ٩٩ من طريق ابن دحيم به. وأحمد (٣٩٢٦) من طريق إسرائيل به مختصرًا.\nوقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ١/ ٢٨٨: وأبو عبيدة لم يسمع من أبيه وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٤٤١٨).\n(^٤) بطحان: واد بالمدينة. معجم البلدان ١/ ٦٦٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (١٨٠)، والنسائى (١٣٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٥) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.","vol":"4","page":178},{"text":"٣٢٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ بنَحوِهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن وكيعٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ (^٣) بنُ عثمانَ أبو عثمانَ التَّنوخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- موازِى العَدوِّ فشَغَلوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، حَتَّى كان نِصفُ اللَّيلِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فبَدأَ بالظُّهرِ فصَلَّاها، ثم العَصرَ، ثم المَغرِبَ، ثم العِشاءَ، يُتبعُ بَعضَها بَعضًا (^٤). زادَ فيه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن أبى عمرٍو الأوزاعِىِّ: يُتابِعُ بَعضُها بَعضًا بإِقامَةٍ إقامَةٍ. وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه.\nورُوّيناه عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى مَسأَلَةِ الأذانِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٤٧٨٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٤٥)، ومسلم (٦٣١/ عقب ٢٠٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"سعد\".\n(^٤) تقدم من طريق الأوزاعى فى (١٩٣٦).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٩١٢).","vol":"4","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-705>بابُ مَن قال بتَركِ التَّرتيبِ فى قَضائهِنَّ</span>\nوهو قَولُ طاوُسٍ والحَسَنِ.\n\n٣٢٣٢ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الفَراءُ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن شُتَيرِ بنِ شَكَلٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ أنَّه قال: شُغِلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الأحزابِ عن صَلاةِ العَصرِ حَتَّى صَلَّى ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ فقالَ: \"شَغَلونا عن الصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى؛ صَلاةِ العَصرِ، مَلأ اللَّهُ قُبورَهُم (^١) وبُيوتَهُم نارًا\" (^٢).\n\n٣٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ صُبَيحٍ، عن شُتَيرِ بنِ شَكَلٍ، عن علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الأحزابِ: \"شَغَلونا عن الصَّلاةِ الوُسطَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ، مَلأ اللَّهُ بُيوتَهُم وقُبورَهُم نارًا\". ثم صَلَّاها بَينَ العِشاءَينِ؛ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"قلوبهم\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى عذاب القبر (١٨٣). وتقدم فى (٣١٩٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى عذاب القبر (١٨٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٦٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٧، ٩١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٣٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ١/ ٦٦١ عن قوله: بين المغرب والعشاء: يريد الوقتين لا الصلاتين.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٢٧/ ٢٠٥).","vol":"4","page":180},{"text":"وقَد رُوِى بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ أنَّه نَقَضَ الأُولَى فصلَّى العَصرَ ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ:\n\n٣٢٣٤ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبى جُمُعَةَ حَبيبِ بنِ سِباعٍ، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الأحزابِ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ ونَسِىَ العَصرَ، فقالَ (^١) لأَصحابِه: \"هَل رأيتُمونِى صَلَّيتُ العَصرَ؟ \". قالوا: لا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المُؤَذِّنَ فأَذَّنَ، ثم أقامَ الصلاةَ فصلَّى العَصرَ، ونَقَضَ الأُولَى، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ (^٢).\nورُوّينا فى الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه صَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم صَلَّى المَغرِبَ بَعدَها، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فى يَومٍ، وما رُوّينا عن علىٍّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى يَومٍ آخَرَ، وما رُوّيناه فى حَديثِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ وأَبِى سعيدٍ فى يَومٍ آخَرَ. ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بقَولِ علىٍّ: بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ. بَينَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ ووَقتِ العِشاءِ، فيَكونُ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ جابِرٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س: \"رسول اللَّه -ﷺ-\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٧٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. قال ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٤/ ٨٦: وهذا حديث منكر، برواية ابن لهيعة عن مجهولين.","vol":"4","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-706>بابُ مَنْ ذَكَرَ صَلَاةً وَهُوَ فِى أُخْرَى</span>\nقَدِ احتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا فى ذَلِكَ بعُمومِ قَولِه -ﷺ-: \"صَلّوا ما أدرَكتُم ثم اقضوا ما فاتَكُم\".\n\n٣٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أتَيتُم الصَّلاةَ فلا تأتوها تَسعَونَ، وأْتوها تَمشُونَ وعَلَيكُم السَّكينَةُ، فصَلّوا ما أدرَكتم واقضوا ما فاتَكُم\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ بَسَّامٍ أبو إبراهيمَ التَّرجُمانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فلَم يَذكُرْها إلا وهو مَعَ الإِمامِ، فليُصَلِّ مَعَ الإِمامِ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِن صَلاِته فليُعِدِ الصَّلاةَ التى نَسِىَ، ثم ليُعِدِ الصَّلاةَ التى صَلَّى مَعَ الإمامِ\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٠)، والنسائى (٨٦٠)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى فى (٣٦٦٩، ٣٦٧١) من طرق عن الزهرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ٩/ ٦٧ عن أبى بكر ابن الحسن القاضى به. وأبو يعلى فى معجمه (١١٠)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥١٣٢) من طريق الترجمانى به. وقال الطبرانى: لم يرفع هذا =","vol":"4","page":182},{"text":"إبراهيمَ التَّرجُمانِىُّ برِوايَةِ هذا الحديثِ مَرفوعًا، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا. وهَكَذا رواه غَيرُ أبى إبراهيمَ عن سَعيدٍ.\n\n٣٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ أيوبَ، حدَّثَنا سَعِيدٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ مِثلَه، ولَم يَرفَعْه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ العُمَرِىُّ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا:\n\n٣٢٣٨ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ قال: مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً مِن صَلواتِه فلَم يَذكُرْها إلا وهو وراءَ الإمامِ، فإِذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ فليُصَلِّ الصلاةَ الَّتِى نَسيَها، ثم ليُصلِّ بَعدُ الصلاةَ الأُخرَى (^٢).\nقال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ مالكٌ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n= الحديث عن عبيد اللَّه بن عمر إلا سعيد بن عبد الرحمن، تفرد به الترجمانى. وصحح الموقوف أبو زرعة الرازى، والدارقطنى. ينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ١٧٢ (٢٩٣)، وعلل الدارقطنى ١٣/ ٢٤ (٢٩١٣).\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ٩/ ٦٧ عن أبى بكر ابن الحسن به. والدارقطنى ١/ ٤٢١ من طريق يحيى ابن أيوب به.\n(^٢) ابن وهب فى موطئه (٤٥٩)، ومالك ١/ ١٦٨، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٢٢٥٥).","vol":"4","page":183},{"text":"سالِمٍ مِثلَه.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِعادَةُ الصَّلاةِ الَّتِى صَلَّاها مَعَ الإِمامِ عندَ الشافعىِّ ﵀ استِحبابٌ لا إيجابٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحيمِ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبى عمرَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا نَسِىَ أحَدُكُم صَلاةً فذَكَرَها وهو فى صَلاة مَكتوبَةٍ، فليَبدأْ بالَّتِى هو فيها، فإِذا فرَغَ صَلَّى الَّتِى نَسِىَ\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ ﵀: عُمَرُ بنُ أبى عمرَ مَجهولٌ، لا أعلَمُ يَروِى عنه غَيرُ بَقيَّةَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وجِماعُ ما يُفارِقُ المَرأَةَ فيه الرَّجُلُ مِن أحكامِ الصَّلاةِ راجِعٌ إلى السَّترِ، وهو أنَّها مأْمورَةٌ بكُلِّ ما كان أستَرَ لَها، والأبوابُ الَّتِى تَلِى هَذِه تكشِفُ عن مَعناه وتَفصيلِه، وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-707>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلمَرأَةِ مِن تَركِ التَّجافِى فى الرُّكُوعِ والسُّجودِ</span>\nقال إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ تُؤمَرُ إذا سَجَدَت أن تُلزِقَ بَطنَها بفَخِذَيها كَى لا تَرتَفِعَ عَجيزَتُها، ولا تُجافِى كما يُجافِى الرَّجُلُ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٦٨٢. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٤٢١ من طريق على بن حجر به، وقال: عمر بن أبى عمر مجهول. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦١: مكحول ما أدرك ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٠٧١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٩٥).","vol":"4","page":184},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ قالَ: حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ قالَ: قالَ عَلِىٌّ: إذا سَجَدَتِ المَرأَةُ فلتَضُمَّ فخِذَيها (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثانِ ضَعيفانِ لا يُحتَجُّ بأَمثالِهِما، أحَدُهُما:\n\n٣٢٤١ - حَديثُ عَطاءِ بنِ العَجلانِ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ العَبدِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، عن رَسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"خَيرُ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ الأَوَّلُ، وخَيرُ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ الصَّفُّ الآخِر (^٢) \". وكانَ يأْمُرُ الرِّجالَ أن يَتَجافَوا فى سُجودِهِم، ويأْمُرُ النِّساءَ يَنخَفِضْنَ فى سُجودِهِنَّ، وكانَ يأْمُرُ الرِّجالَ أن يَفرِشوا اليُسرَى ويَنصِبوا اليُمنَى فى التَّشَهُّدِ، ويأْمُرُ النِّساءَ أن يَتَرَبَّعْنَ، وقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ لا تَرفَعْنَ أبصارَكُنَّ فى صَلاتِكُنَّ، تَنظُرَنَ إلى عَوْراتِ الرِّجالِ\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرنى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سليمانَ (^٣)، عن عَطاءِ بنِ عَجْلانَ، أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم. فذكَره، واللَّفظُ الأوَّلُ واللَّفظُ الآخِرُ مِن هذا الحديث مَشهورانِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، وما بَينَهُما مُنكَرٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. والآخَرُ:\n\n٣٢٤٢ - حَديثُ أبى مُطيعٍ الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَلخِىِّ، عن عمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٩٠) عن أبى الأحوص به. وعبد الرزاق (٥٠٧٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٢: الحارث لين.\n(^٢) فى س: \"المؤخر\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"سليم\".","vol":"4","page":185},{"text":"عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا جَلَستِ المَرأةُ فى الصَّلاةِ وضَعَت فخِذَها على فخِذِها الأُخرَى، وإِذا سَجَدت ألصَقَتْ بَطنَها فى فخِذَيها كأستَرِ ما يَكونُ لها، وِإنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى يَنظُرُ إلَيها ويَقولُ: يا مَلائكَتِى أُشهِدُكُم أنِّى قَد غَفَرتُ لها\". أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرَخْسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ البَلخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُطيعٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ. فذَكَرَه (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: أبو مُطيعٍ بَيِّنُ الضَّعفِ فى أحاديثِه، وعامَّةُ ما يَروِيه لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَط ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) وغَيرُه، وكَذَلِكَ عَطاءُ ابنُ عَجلانَ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\nوروِى فيه حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ، وهو أحسَنُ مِنَ المَوصولَينِ قَبلَه:\n\n٣٢٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو على اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ غَيلانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٣١.\n(^٢) هو الحكم بن عبد اللَّه، أبو مطيع البلخى الفقيه، صاحب أبى حنيفة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٢٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٢٧، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٧٤، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٣٤، ٧/ ١٠٧. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٢: تركه جماعة، وراويه عنه محمد بن القاسم الطايكانى متهم.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ١٢٤.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى ٢/ ٤٣١.","vol":"4","page":186},{"text":"أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مرَّ على امرأَتَينِ تُصَلّيانِ فقالَ: \"إذا سَجَدتُما فضُمّا بَعض اللَّحمِ إلى الأرضِ، فإِنَّ المَرأةَ لَيسَت فى ذَلِكَ كالرَّجُلِ\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل لأبى داود (٨٧). قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٢: من أضعف المراسيل.","vol":"4","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-708>جماعُ أبوابِ لُبسِ المُصَلِّى</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-709>بابُ وُجُوبِ سَتْرِ الْعَوْرَةِ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَغَيْرِهَا</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣١].\nقالَ الشافعىُّ: فقيلَ واللَّه أعلَمُ: الثّيابُ. وهوُ يُشبِهُ ما قيلَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهذا قَولُ طاوُسٍ، وقالَ مُجاهِدٌ ما وارَى عَورَتَكَ ولَو عَباءَةً (^٢).\n\n٣٢٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه ابنُ المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه تعالَى: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾. قالَ: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ إذا طافَت بالبَيتِ تُخرِجُ صَدرَها وما هُناكَ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّه تعالَى: ﴿خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ مُسلمَ البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ١/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ١٠/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٠/ ١٥٠ من طريق وهب بن جرير به.","vol":"4","page":188},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ تَطوفُ بالبَيتِ فى الجاهِليَّةِ وهِىَ عُريانَة، وعَلَى فرجِها خِرقَةٌ وهِىَ تَقولُ:\nاليَومَ يَبدو بَعضُه أو كُلُّه ... فما بَدا مِنه فلا أُحِلُّه\nفنَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ: ﴿قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣٢] الآيةَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ نافِعٍ وابنِ بَشّارٍ عن غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nقالَ الشافعىُّ: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُصَلِّى أحَدُكُم فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على عاتِقِه منه شَئٌ\". فدَلَّ أن لَيسَ لأَحَدٍ أن يُصلِّىَ إلا لابِسًا إذا قَدَرَ على ما يَلبَسُ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُصَلّيَنَّ أحَدُكُم فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على عاتِقِه مِنه شَئٌ\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٢٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١٩. وأخرجه النسائى (٢٩٥٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٢٨/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٨٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٩٩) دون ذكر الشافعى فى الإسناد. الأم ١/ ٨٩. وسيأتى فى (٣٣٢٩).\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٥٩). ولفظه: \"لا يصلى أحدكم فى الثوب الواحد ليس على عاتقيه شئ\".","vol":"4","page":189},{"text":"حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه غَيرَ أنَّه قال: \"لا يُصَلِّى الرَّجُلُ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على عاتِقِه مِنه شَئٌ\". رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ عن مالِكٍ (^١).\n\n٣٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضى وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَه عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن اشتِمالِ الصَّمّاءِ، وأَن يَحتَبِىَ الرَّجل فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على فرجِه مِنه شَئٌ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن الليث، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبى سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ [عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه، عن] (^٤) خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن لُبسَتَينِ؛ عن اشتِمالِ الصَّمّاءِ، وعَن الاحتِباءِ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ (^٥) يُفضِى بفَرجِه إلى\n_________\n(^١) كذا ذكر المصنف، وهو المتقدم، وتقدم التنبيه على لفظ البخارى.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٣)، والنسائى (٥٣٥٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٦٧)، ومسلم (١٥١٢).\n(^٤) فى س: \"عبيد اللَّه بن\".\n(^٥) الاحتباء: أن يقعد الإنسان على أليتيه وقد نصب ساقيه وهو غير متزر ثم يحتبى بثوب يجمع بين طرفيه ويشدهما على ركبتيه، وإذا فعل ذلك بقيت فُرْجة بينه وبين الهواء تنكشف منها عورته. معالم السنن ٣/ ٨٩.","vol":"4","page":190},{"text":"السَّماءِ (^١). أَخرَجاه فى \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يأْكُلَ الرَّجُلُ بشِمالِه، أو يَمشِىَ فى نَعلٍ واحِدَةٍ، وأَن يَشتَمِلَ الصَّمّاءَ، وأَن يَحتَبِىَ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ كاشِفًا عن فرجِهِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\nواشتِمالُ الصَّمّاءِ عندَ الفُقَهاءِ أن يَشتَمِلَ بثَوبٍ واحِدٍ لَيسَ عليه غَيرُه، ثم يَرفَعَه مِن أحَدِ جانِبَيه فيَضعَه على مَنكِبَيه، فيَبدوَ مِنه فرجُه.\n\n٣٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن اشتِمالِ الصَّمّاءِ، والاحتِباءِ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، وأَن يَرفَعَ الرَّجُلُ إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى وهو مُستَلقٍ على ظَهرِهِ (^٥). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٤١) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٦٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٤، ٥٨١٩)، ومسلم عقب (١٥١١) وليس فيه موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٢٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٧٠٥)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٩٩/ ٧٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٦٥)، والترمذى (٢٧٦٧)، والنسائى (٥٣٥٧) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٤٧٧٠)، وابن حبان (٥٥٥٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٠٩٩/ ٧٢).","vol":"4","page":191},{"text":"ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ النَّهىُ عن أن يَرفَعَ الرَّجل إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى (^١) مُستَلقيًا مِن أجلِ انكِشافِ العَورَةِ، لأنَّ المُستَلقِىَ إذا رَفَعَ إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى مَعَ ضيقِ الإِزارِ لم يَسلَمْ مِن أن يَنكَشِفَ شَئٌ مِن فخِذَيه، والفَخِذُ عَورَةٌ، فأَمَّا إذا كان الإِزارُ سابِغًا أو كان لابِسُه عن التَّكَشُّفِ مُتَوَقّيًا فلا بأسَ به. قالَه أبو سليمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عَنه (^٢).\n\n٣٢٥٢ - استِدلالًا بما حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّحَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَبّادِ ابنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى المَسجِدِ مُستَلقيًا واضِعًا إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى. قال سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: وعَمِّه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وجَماعَةٍ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُستَلقيًا فى المَسجِدِ رافِعًا إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرى. قال\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"مع ضيق\". والصواب حذفها، ولعله انتقال نظر من العبارة التالية.\n(^٢) معالم السنن ٤/ ١٢٠.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٤٩)، والترمذى (٢٧٦٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٢٨٧)، ومسلم (٢١٠٠/ ٧٦).","vol":"4","page":192},{"text":"الزُّهرِىُّ: وأَخبَرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، يَعنِى عن عمرَ وعُثمانَ بذَلِكَ، وكانَ لا يُحصَى ذَلِكَ مِنهُما. قالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: وجاءَ النّاسُ بأَمرٍ عَظيمٍ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنى أبى قال: حدَّثَنى عثمانُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: أقبَلتُ بحَجَرٍ أحمِلُه وعَلَىَّ إزارٌ خَفيفٌ، فانحَلَّ إزارِى ومَعِىَ الحَجَرُ لم أستَطِعْ أن أضَغَه حَتَّى بَلَغتُ به إلى مَوضِعِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ارجِعْ إلى ثَوبِكَ فخُذْه، ولا تَمشُوا عُراةً\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ يَحيَى الأُمَوِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ وإِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٢١)، وعنه أحمد (١٦٤٣٠). والبخارى (٤٧٥، ٥٩٦٩)، ومسلم (٢١٠٠/ ٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٨٦٦)، والنسائى (٧٢٠)، وابن حبان (٥٥٥٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٠٠/ ٧٦) مقتصرًا على المرفوع.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٥٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠١٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد الأموى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٨١/ ٣٤).","vol":"4","page":193},{"text":"بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه قالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّه، عَوْراتُنا ما نأتِى مِنها وما نَذَرُ؟ قالَ: \"احفَظْ عَورَتَكَ إلا مِن زَوجَتِكَ أو ما مَلَكَت يَمينُكَ\". قُلتُ: أرأَيتَ إن كان القَومُ بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ؟ قال: \"إنِ استَطَعتَ ألَّا يَراها أحَدٌ فلا يَراها\". قُلتُ: أرأَيتَ إذا كان أحَدُنا خاليًا؟ قالَ: \"اللَّهُ أحَقُّ أن يُستَحيَا مِنه (^١) مِنَ النّاسِ\". أشارَ البخارىُّ إلى هذا الحديثِ فى التَّرجَمَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-710>بابُ عَورَةِ المَرأَةِ الحُرَّةِ</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n\n٣٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾. قالَ: ما فى الكَفِّ والوَجهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٥٧ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ المُلائىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ﴾ الآيَة. قالَ: الكُحلُ والخاتَمُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٧٥)، وسيأتى فى (١٣٦٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٨١) عن حفص بن غياث به بنحوه. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٥: عبد اللَّه ضعيف.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٥٨ من طريق الملائي به.","vol":"4","page":194},{"text":"٣٢٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا حاتِمٌ هو ابنُ أبى صَغيرَةَ، أخبرَنا خُصَيفٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنهَا﴾. قالَ: الكُحلُ والخاتَمُ.\nورُوّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مِثلُ هَذا (^١).\n\n٣٢٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا عُقبَةُ الأصَمُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما ظَهَرَ مِنها الوَجهُ والكَفّانِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: الزّينَةُ الظّاهِرَةُ الوَجهُ والكَفّانِ (^٤).\nورُوّينا مَعناه عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، وهو قَولُ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٥).\n\n٣٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأنطاكِىُّ ومُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الحَرّانِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المندر فى تفسيره - كما فى الدر المنثور ١١/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٩١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٧٤).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٧٥، ١٧١٨١، ١٧١٨٢)، وتفسير ابن جرير ١٧/ ٢٥٨، ٢٥٩، ٢٦١.","vol":"4","page":195},{"text":"أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ أيّوبَ النَّصيبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ (^١)، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ دُرَيكٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ أسماءَ بنتَ أبى بكرٍ دَخَلَت على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَيها ثيابٌ شاميَّةٌ رِقاقٌ، فأَعرَضَ عَنها، ثم قال: \"ما هذا يا أسماءُ؟ إنَّ المَرأةَ إذا بَلَغَتِ المَحيضَ لم يَصلُحْ أن يُرَى مِنها إلا هذا وهَذا\". وأَشارَ إلى وجهِه وكَفَّيهِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ المالينِىِّ. قال أبو داودَ: هذا مُرسَلٌ، خالِدُ بنُ دُرَيكٍ لم يُدرِكْ عائشَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ: مَعَ هذا المُرسَلِ قَولُ مَن مَضَى مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ رَضِىَ اللَّه تعالَى عَنهُم فى بَيانِ ما أباحَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الزّينَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، فصارَ القَولُ بذَلِكَ قَويًّا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-711>بابُ عَورَةِ الأَمَةِ</span>\n\n٣٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم عَبدَه أمَتَه [أو أجيرَه] (^٣)، فلا يَنظُرنَّ إلى عَورَتِها\" (^٤). كَذا قال: \"إلى عَورَتِها\".\n\n٣٢٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"بشر\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٠٤)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١٢٠٩. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٥٨).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١١٣). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٦٥).","vol":"4","page":196},{"text":"زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا داودُ بنُ سَوّارٍ المُزَنِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا زَوِّجَ أحَدَكُم خادِمَه عَبدَه أو أجيرَه، فلا يَنظُرنَّ إلى ما دونَ السُّرَّةِ وفَوقَ الرُّكبَةِ\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: صَوابُه سَوّارُ ابنُ داوُدَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ إذا قُرِنَت برِوايَةِ الأوزاعِىِّ دَلَّنا على أنَّ المُرادَ بالحَديثِ نَهىُ السَّيِّدِ عن النَّظَرِ إلى عَورَتِها إذا زَوَّجَها، وأَنَّ عَورَةَ الأَمَةِ ما بَينَ السّرَّةِ والرّكبَةِ. وسائرُ طُرُقِ هذا الحديثِ يَدُلُّ، وبَعضُها يَنُصُّ، على أن (^٢) المُرادَ به نَهىُ الأَمَةِ عن النَّظَرِ إلى عَورَةِ السَّيِّد بَعدَما زُوِّجَت، أو نَهىُ الخادِمِ مِنَ العَبدِ أوِ الأجيرِ عن النَّظَرِ إلى عَورَةِ السَّيِّدِ بَعدَ ما بَلَغا النِّكاحَ؛ فيَكونُ الخَبَرُ وارِدًا فى بَيانِ مِقدارِ العَورَةِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ لا فى بَيانِ مِقدارِها مِنَ الأَمَةِ (^٣)، وسَنأْتِى على ذِكرِها فى البابِ الذى يَليه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٣٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ أبى عُبَيدٍ حَدَّثَته قالَت: خَرَجَتِ امرأةٌ مُختَمِرَةٌ مُتَجَلبِبَةٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: مَن هَذِه المَرأَةُ؟ فقيلَ له: هَذِه جارِيَةٌ لِفُلانٍ. رجلٌ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٩٦، ٤١١٤). وسيأتى من طريق سوار (٣٢٧٦). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٦٧، ٣٤٦٦).\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٦: قال أبو عمرو ابن الصلاح: أعتقد المؤلف أن الخادم هنا مذكر، وذهب عليه أن الخادم تطلقه العرب على الأمة الخادمة.","vol":"4","page":197},{"text":"مِن بَنيه، فأَرسَلَ إلى حَفصَةَ -﵂- فقالَ: ما حَمَلَكِ على أن تُخَمِّرِى هَذِه الأَمَةَ وتُجَلبِبيها وتُشَبِّهيها بالمُحصَناتِ حَتَّى هَمَمتُ أن أقَعَ بها لا أحسِبها إلا مِنَ المُحصَناتِ؟! لا تُشَبِّهوا الإِماءَ بالمُحصَناتِ (^١).\n\n٣٢٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الكوفىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: حدَّثَنى ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن جَدَّه أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنَّ إماءُ عمرَ يَخدُمْنَنا كاشِفاتٍ عن شُعورِهِنَّ تَضرِبُ ثُديَّهُنَّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والآثارُ عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ فى ذَلِكَ صحيحَةٌ، وأنَّها تَدُلُّ على أنَّ رأْسَها ورَقَبَتَها وما يَظهَرُ مِنها فى حالِ المِهنَةِ لَيسَ بعَورَةٍ، فأَمّا حَديثُ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ فقَدِ اختُلِفَ فى مَتنِه، فلا يَنبَغِى أن يُعتَمَدَ عليه فى عَورَةِ الأَمَةِ، وإِنْ كان يَصلُحُ الاستِدلالُ به وبِسائرِ ما يأْتى عليه معه فى عَورَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٢٦٥ - وقَدِ احتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابُنا فى ذَلِكَ بحَديثٍ رواه بإِسنادِه عن عيسَى ابنِ مَيمونٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أرادَ شِراءَ جاريَةٍ أوِ اشتَراها فلينظُر إلى جَسَدِها كُلِّه إلا عَورَتَها، وعَورَتُها ما بَينَ مَعْقِدِ إزارِها إلى رُكبتِها\". أَخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٩٩٢) مختصرًا. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٦: سنده قوى.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٩٩٢).","vol":"4","page":198},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ الفارِسِىُّ بصُورَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ المَدينِىُّ، عن محمدٍ التَّيمِىِّ، عن عيسَى ابنِ مَيمونٍ. فذكَره (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ ﵀: هو محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: فهَذا إسنادٌ لا تَقومُ بمثلِه حُجَّةٌ، وعيسَى بنُ مَيمونٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nوقد روِى عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ (^٣)، عن صالِحِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٣٢٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسٌ الخَلَّالُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ: \"لا بأْسَ أن يُقَلِّبَ الرَّجُلُ الجاريَةَ إذا أرادَ أن يَشتَرِيَها، ويَنظُرَ إلَيها ما خَلا عَورَتَها، وعَورَتُها ما بَينَ رُكبتِيها إلى مَعْقِدِ إزارِها\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-712>بابُ عَورَةِ الرَّجُلِ</span>\n\n٣٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٨٢.\n(^٢) هو عيسى بن ميمون المدنى، المعروف بالواسطى، مولى القاسم بن محمد. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ص ٨٦، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٤٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٢٥. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٠٢: ضعيف.\n(^٣) هو حفص بن عمر الحلبى، قاض حلب. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٧٩، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٩٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٢٢، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٦٣، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٢٦.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٩٨. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٧٧٣) من طريق يحيى بن صالح به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٥٣: وفيه صالح بن حسان وهو ضعيف وذكره ابن حبان فى الثقات.","vol":"4","page":199},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سَعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِىُّ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا زكريا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- يُحَدِّثُ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَنقُلُ مَعَهُم الحِجارَةَ لِلكَعبَةِ وعَلَيه إزارُه، فقالَ له العَبّاسُ عَمُّه -﵁-: يا ابنَ أخِى، لَو حَلَلتَ إزارَكَ فجَعَلتَه على مَنكِبَيكَ دونَ الحِجارَةِ؟ قال: فحَلَّه فجَعَلَه على مَنكِبَيه فسَقَطَ مَغشيًّا عليه. قال: فما رُئىَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ اليَومِ عُريانًا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِم سَواءٌ، رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَطَرِ بنِ الفَضلِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، جَميعًا عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٦٨ - ورواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو فقالَ فى الحديث: فخَرَّ إلى الأرضِ وطَمَحَت عَيناه (^٣) إلى السَّماءِ ثم قامَ فقالَ: \"إزارِى إزارِى\". فشَدَّ عليه إزارَه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ (^٤) قال: حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٣١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣٢، ١٤٥٧٨) عن روح به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٦٤)، ومسلم (٣٤٠/ ٧٧).\n(^٣) طمح بصره: ارتفع. التاج ٦/ ٥٨٨ (ط م ح).\n(^٤) فى س: \"بكير\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٦٨) عن محمد بن بكر به.","vol":"4","page":200},{"text":"ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\n\n٣٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن أبى عُذْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن دُخولَ الحَمّاماتَ، ثم رَخَّصَ لِلرِّجالِ أن يَدخُلوها فى المَيازِرِ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ السَّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بن المُسَيَّبِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى النَّضرِ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن زُرعَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جَرْهَدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ جَرْهَدًا كان مِن أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ قال: جَلَسَ عندَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وفَخِذِى مُنكَشِفٌ فقالَ: \"خَمِّرْ عَلَيكَ، أمَا عَلِمتَ أن الفَخِذَ عَورَةٌ؟! \" (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رواه القَعنَبِىُّ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٤٠/ ٧٦)، والبخارى (١٥٨٢، ٣٨٢٩).\n(^٢) الميازر: جمع مئزر، وهو الإزار. عون المعبود ٤/ ٤٩.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٤٠٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٥٧)، والترمذى (٢٨٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٤٩) من طريق حماد به، وقال الترمذى: لا نعرفه إلا من حديث حماد بن سلمة، وإسناده ليس بذاك القائم. وسيأتى فى (١٤٩١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٢٦) عن ابن مهدى عن مالك به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٠١٤) عن القعنبى به.","vol":"4","page":201},{"text":"٣٢٧١ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ سَواءٍ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جَرْهَدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- مرَّ عليه وهو كاشِفٌ عن فخِذِه فقالَ: \"غَطِّها فإِنَّها مِنَ العَورَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٢٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: أخبرَنِى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أخبرنى أبو كَثيرٍ مَولَى محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ جَحشٍ، عن مَولاه محمدٍ، أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فمَرَّ على مَعمَرٍ وهو جالِسٌ عندَ دارِه بالسّوقِ وفَخِذاه مَكشوفَتانِ، فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا مَعمَرُ غَطِّ فخِذَيكَ فإِنَّ الفَخِذَينِ عَورَةٌ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن العَلاءِ (^٣).\n\n٣٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ ببَيتِ المَقدِسِ وهو يَسكُنُ الرَّملَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ الكوفىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٢١٤٧)، وفى الأوسط (٧٨١١) من طريق محمد بن ثعلبة به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٧: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٥٢)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٩٤) من طريق حفص بن ميسرة عن العلاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٩٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"4","page":202},{"text":"يَحيَى، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الفَخِذ عَورَةٌ\" (^١).\nوقَد ذكَر البخارىُّ فى التَّرجَمَةِ حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ وجَرْهَدٍ ومُحَمَّدِ ابنِ جَحشٍ بلا إسنادٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخ: وهَذِه أسانيدُ صَحيحَةٌ يُحتَجُّ بها (^٣).\n\n٣٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُبادَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أُخبِرتُ عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَكشِفْ فخِذَكَ، ولا تَنظُرْ إلى فخِذِ حىٍّ ولا مَيِّتٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ قال: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَنا كاشِفٌ عن فخِذِى، فقالَ: \"يا علىُّ غَطِّ فخِذَكَ فإِنَّها مِنَ العَورَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٣٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣) عن محمد بن سابق بنحوه. والترمذى (٢٧٩٦) من طريق إسرائيل به، وقال الترمذى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٢٢٨: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (٣٧٠).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٧: لا تصل إلى الصحة، بل صالحة للحجة بانضمام بعضها إلى بعض.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣١٤٠، ٤٠١٥)، وقال: هذا الحديث فيه نكارة. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٦٠) من طريق روح به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٧: لم يصح إسناده.","vol":"4","page":203},{"text":"ابنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حَبيبٍ الشَّيلَمانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا سَوّارٌ أبو حَمزَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُروا صبيانَكُم بالصَّلاةِ فى سَبعِ سنينَ، واضرِبوهُم عَلَيها فى عَشْرٍ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم فى المَضاجِعِ، وإِذا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُم عَبدَه أو أجيرَه فلا يَرَيَنَّ ما بَينَ سُرَّتِه ورُكبَتِه، فإِنَّ ما بَينَ سُرَّتِه ورُكبَتِه مِن عَورَتِه\" (^١).\n\n٣٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ زاجٌ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ وهو سَوَّارُ بنُ داودَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُروا صِبيانَكُم بالصَّلاةِ لِسَبعٍ، واضرِبوهُم عَلَيها لِعَشْرٍ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم فى المَضاجِعِ، وإِذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم عَبدَه أمَتَه أو أجيرَه فلا تَنظُرِ الأَمَةُ إلى شَئٍ مِن عَورَتِه؛ فإِنَّ ما تَحتَ السُّرَّةِ إلى رُكبَتِه مِنَ العَورَةِ\" (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ عن سَوّارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ عن عمرٍو، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ:\n\n٣٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإِسفَراييِنىُّ ببُخارَى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٣٠. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٨: حديث جرهد معلول، قد رواه معن وابن وهب وابن الطباع وغيرهم عن مالك عن أبى النضر عن زرعة عن أبيه، فهذا مرسل، وخرجه الترمذى. . عن زرعة بن مسلم بن جرهد عن جده، ثم قال الترمذى: ما أرى إسناده بمتصل. وقال معمر عن أبى الزناد: أخبرنى ابن جرهد عن أبيه. . .\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٣٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٥٦) من طريق سوار به. وسيأتى فى (٥١٥٧).","vol":"4","page":204},{"text":"عيسَى المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ الخُوارِزمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُغيرَةُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا سَوّارُ بنُ داودَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُروا صِبيانَكُم بالصَّلاةِ فى سَبعِ سِنينَ، واضرِبوهُم عَلَيها فى عَشرٍ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم فى المَضاجِعِ، وإِذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم خادِمَه مِن عَبدِه أو أجيرِه، فلا يَنظُرَنَّ إلى شَئٍ مِن عَورَتِه؛ فإِنَّ كلَّ شَئٍ أسفَلَ مِن سُرَّتِه إلى رُكبَتِه مِن عَورَتِه\" (^١).\n\n٣٢٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ داودَ بنِ وردانَ القَزّازُ بمِصرَ، حدَّثَنا زكريا بنُ يَحيَى كاتِبُ العُمَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضَالَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن الخَليلِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَلِّموا صِبيانَكُم الصَّلاةَ فى سَبعِ سِنينَ، وأدِّبوهُم عَلَيها فى عَشْرِ سِنينَ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم فى المَضاجِعِ، وإِذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم أمَتَه عَبدَه أو أجيرَه، فلا تَنظُر إلى عَورَتِه، والعَورَةُ فيما بَينَ السُّرَّةِ والرّكبَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٢٧٩ - وقَد رَوَى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى راشِدٍ البَصرِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، عن عَبّادِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى أيّوبَ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧ عن عيسى بن محمد به، وقال: ولا أصل له عن محمد ابن جحادة والرواية فى هذا فيها لين.\n(^٢) الكامل ٣/ ٩٢٩.\n(^٣) هو سعيد بن أبى راشد، ويقال: سعيد بن راشد، السَّماك، أبو محمد المازنى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٣/ ٤٧١، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٩، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٣٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٤٢٦. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٩٥: مقبول.","vol":"4","page":205},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما فوقَ الرُّكبَتَينِ مِنَ العَورَةِ، وما أسفَلَ مِنَ السُّرَّةِ مِنَ العَورَةِ\". أخبرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى (^١) راشِدٍ. فذكَره (^٢). وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-713>بابُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْفَخِذَ لَيْسَتْ بِعَوْرَةٍ وَمَا قِيلَ فِى السُّرَّةِ وَالرُّكْبَةِ</span>\n\n٣٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا القاضِى الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- غَزا خَيبَرَ. قال: فصَلَّينا عندَها صَلاةَ الغَداةِ بغَلَسٍ، فرَكِبَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ورَكِبَ أبو طَلحَةَ وأَنا رَديفُ أبى طَلحَةَ، فأَجرَى نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى زُقاقِ خَيبَرَ، وإِنَ رُكبَتى لَتَمَسُّ فخِذَ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم حَسَرَ الإِزارَ عن فخِذِه، حَتَّى إنِّى لأَنظُرُ إلى بَياضِ فخِذِ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلمَّا دَخَلَ القَريَةَ قال: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ، خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنّا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صَباحُ المُنذَرينَ\" (^٣). وذكَر الحديثَ بطولِه، رواه\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٣١.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٨٠) من طريق ابن علية به. وفيه: \"فانكشف فخذه\" بدلًا من: \"ثم حسر الإزار عن فخذه\".","vol":"4","page":206},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه مسلم عن زُهَيرِ ابنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ إلا أنَّه قال: وانحَسَرَ الإِزارُ عن فخِذِ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٣٢٨١ - ورواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن إسماعيلَ فقالَ فى الحديث: فانكَشَفَ فخِذُه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوفِى قَولِه: انحَسَرَ أو انكَشَفَ. دَليلٌ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ لم يَكُنْ بقَصدِه -ﷺ-، وقَد تَنكَشِفُ عَورَةُ الإِنسانِ بريحٍ أو سَقْطَةٍ أو غَيرِهِما، فلا يَكونُ مَنسوبًا إلى الكَشفِ، وقَولُه فى الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى: ثم حَسَرَ الإِزارَ عن فخِذِهِ. يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ حَسَرَ ضيقُ الزُّقاقِ الذى أجرَى فيه مَركوبَه إزارَه عن فخِذِه. فيَكونُ الفِعلُ لِجِدارِ الزُّقاقِ لا لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤)، ويَكونُ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ غَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ موافِقًا لِما مَضَى مِنَ الأحاديثِ فى كَونِ الفَخِذِ عَورَةً، غَيرَ مُخالِفٍ لَها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٢٨٢ - ورواه حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ عن أنَسٍ وقالَ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه: وإِنَّ رُكبَتِى لَتَمَسُّ رُكبَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ولَم يَذكُرِ انكِشافَ الفَخِذِ (^٥). أخبرَناه أبو\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٧١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٤، ١٢٠).\n(^٣) أحمد (١١٩٩٢) ولفظه: وانحسر الإزار.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٩: أو هو مبنى لم يُسَمَّ فاعله، فتوافق الألفاظ بمعنى.\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٦٩: هى زيادة ثابتة حفظها غير حميد.","vol":"4","page":207},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النُّمَيرِىُّ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَرْوانُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: انتَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى خَيبَرَ لَيلًا، فلَمّا أصبَحَ رَكِبَ ورَكِبَ المُسلِمونَ معه، فخَرَجَ أهلُ خَيبَرَ بمَساحيهِم ومَكاتِلِهِم (^١) كما كانوا يَصنَعونَ كُلَّ يَومٍ، فلَمّا بَصروا بالنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالوا: محمدٌ واللَّهِ، محمدٌ والخَميسُ. ثم رَجَعوا هِرابًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنّا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صَباحُ المُنذَرينَ\". قال أنَسٌ: وأَنا رَديفُ أبى طَلحَةَ يَومَئذٍ، وإِنَّ رُكبَتِى لَتَمَسُّ رُكبَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-.\nوقالَ فى الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى: وإِنَّ قَدَمِى لَتَمَسُّ قَدَمَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n٣٢٨٣ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحسينِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الأنصارىُّ، حدَّثَنى حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٢). قال أبو حاتِمٍ: قُلتُ لِلأَنصارِىِّ: ما مَعنَى الخَميسِ؟ قال: الجُندُ، الجَيشُ.\nواحتَجَّ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ الفَخِذَ لَيسَت بعَورَةٍ بشَئٍ يَرويه فى ذَلِكَ فى قِصَّةِ عثمانَ -﵁-.\n_________\n(^١) المساحى: جمع مِسْحاة، وهى المِجْرَفَة من الحديد. والمكاتل: جمع مِكتَل، وهو الزَّبيل الكبير، أى القُفَّة. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٥٠، ٣٢٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٠٢، وذكر أن الأنصارى هو محمد بن عبد اللَّه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣١٤٠)، والبخارى (٦١٠)، وابن حبان (٤٧٤٥) من طرق عن حميد بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":208},{"text":"٣٢٨٤ - والثّابِتُ مِن قِصةِ عثمانَ فى ذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (^١)، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى حَرمَلَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ وسُلَيمانَ ابنَىْ يَسارٍ، وأَبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُضطَجِعًا فى بَيتِه كاشِفًا عن فخِذَيه أو ساقَيه، فاستأْذَنَ أبو بكرٍ فأَذِنَ له وهو على تِلْكَ الحالِ فتَحَدَّثَ، ثم استأْذَنَ عُمَرُ فأَذِنَ له (^٢) وهو [كَذَلِكَ فتَحَدَّثَ] (^٣)، ثم أستأْذَنَ عثمانُ فجَلَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وسَوَّى ثيابَه -قال محمدٌ: ولا أقولُ ذَلِكَ فى يَومٍ واحِدٍ- فتَحَدَّثَ. فلَمّا خَرَجَ قالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ دَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ فلَم تَهتَشَّ (^٤) له ولَم تُبالِه (^٥)، ثم دَخَلَ عُمَرُ فلَم تَهتَشَّ له ولَم تُبالِه، ثم دَخَلَ عثمانُ فجَلَستَ وسَوَّيتَ ثيابَكَ؟! فقالَ: \"ألا أستَحىِ مِن رجلٍ تَستَحيِى مِنه المَلائكَةُ؟ \" (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما بهَذا اللَّفظِ: كاشِفًا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"حفص\".\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"عمر\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"على تلك الحال فتحدث ثم استأذن عمر وهو كذلك فتحدث\".\n(^٤) قال النووى: هكذا هو فى جميع نسخ بلادنا: تهتش بالتاء بعد الهاء، وفى بعض النسخ الطارئة بحذفها، وكذا ذكره القاضى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٨/ ١٦٨.\n(^٥) لم تباله: أى لم تكترث به وتحتفل لدخوله. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٨/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٦٠٣)، وابن حبان (٦٩٠٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.","vol":"4","page":209},{"text":"عن فخِذَيه أو ساقَيه بالشَّكِّ (^١).\nولا يُعارَضُ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ الصَّحيحُ الصَّريحُ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الأمرِ بتَخميرِ الفَخِذِ، والنَّصُّ على أنَّ الفَخِذَ عَورَةٌ.\nوقَد رواه ابنُ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىُّ وهو أحفَظُهُم فلَم يَذكُرْ فى القَصَّةِ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ:\n\n٣٢٨٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ ابنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ سَعيدَ بنَ العاصِ أخبرَه، أنَّ عثمانَ وعائشَةَ -﵄- تَحَدَّثا، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ استأْذَنَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو مُضطَجِعٌ على فِراشِه لابِسٌ مِرطَ عائشةَ، فأُذِنَ لأبِى بكرٍ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو كَذَلِكَ، فقَضَى إلَيه حاجَتَه ثم انصَرَفَ، ثم استأْذَنَ عُمَرُ -﵁- فأَذِنَ له وهو على ذَلِكَ الحالِ، فقَضى إلَيه حاجَتَه ثم انصرَفَ، قال عثمانُ -﵁-: ثم استأْذَنتُ عليه فجَلَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ لِعائشَةَ: \"اجمَعِى عَلَيكِ ثيابَكِ\". قال: فقَضيتُ إلَيه حاجَتى ثم انصَرَفتُ. قال: فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: يا رسولَ اللَّه لم أرَكَ فزِعْتَ لأبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ كما فزِعْتَ لِعُثمانَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ عثمانَ رجلٌ حَيِىٌّ، وإِنِّى خَشيتُ إن أذِنتُ له وأنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٤٠١/ ٢٦).","vol":"4","page":210},{"text":"على تِلَكَ الحالِ ألَّا يُبَلِّغَ إِلَىَّ حاجَتَه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه عن يَعقوبَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، ولَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الفَخِذِ ولا السّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٨٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ عمرَ ابنِ بَرهانٍ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ ابنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَدِينِىِّ (^٣) قال: حَدَّثَتنِى حَفصَةُ بنتُ عمرَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ جالِسًا قَد وضعَ ثَوبَه بينَ فخِذَيه، فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ فاستأْذَنَ فأَذِنَ له، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- على هَيئَتِه، ثم عُمَرُ بمِثلِ هَذِه القِصةِ، ثم عَلِىٌّ ثم أُناسٌ مِن أصحابِه، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- على هَيئَتِه، ثم جاءَ عثمانُ يستأذنُ، فأَخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثَوبَه فتَجَلَّلَه، قالَت: فتَحَدَّثوا ثم خَرَجوا. قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، جاءَ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ وسائرُ أصحابِكَ وأَنتَ على هَيئَتِكَ، فلَمَّا جاءَ عثمانُ تَجَلَّلتَ بثَوبِكَ؟! قالَت: فقالَ: \"ألا أستَحيِى مِمَّن تَستَحيِى مِنه المَلائكَةُ؟ \" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو يَعفورٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٥) عن يعقوب به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٦٠٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وابن حبان (٦٩٠٦) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٠٢).\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، والمهذب للذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٠، وكذلك فى الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٧٣. وسيأتى فى الإسناد التالى: \"المدنى\"، وهو كذلك فى التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٦٦) عن روح به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٩/ ٨٢: وإسناده حسن.","vol":"4","page":211},{"text":"٣٢٨٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بن موسَى، عن شَيبانَ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَدَنِىِّ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ عمرَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ فوَضَعَ ثَوبَه بَينَ فخِذَيه. فذكَر مَعناه (^١).\nوالَّذِى هو الأشبَهُ أن يَكونَ -ﷺ- أخَذَ بطَرَفِ ثَوبِه فوَضَعَه بَينَ فخِذَيه، إذ لا يُظَنُّ به غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، وإِنَّما يَنكَشِفُ بذَلِكَ فى الغالِبِ رُكبَتاه دونَ فخِذَيهِ.\nوَرِوايَةُ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قَد صَرَّحَت بذَلِكَ، أظُنُّه فى قِصةٍ أُخرَى:\n\n٣٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ فى حَديثٍ ذكَره عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن أبى موسَى. قال حَمَّادٌ: فحَدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ الحَكَمِ وعاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا عثمانَ يُحَدِّثَه عن أبى موسَى نَحوًا مِن هذا، غَيرَ أنَّ عاصِمًا زادَ فيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان فى مَكانٍ فيه ماءٌ قَد كَشَفَ عن رُكبَتَيه، فلمَّا أقبَلَ عثمانُ غَطّاهُما (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٣).\nوهَذا لا حُجَّةَ فيه لِمَن ذَهَبَ إلى أنَّ الفَخِذَ لَيسَت بعَورَةٍ، وكَشفُهُما قَبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٦٧) من طريق شيبان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧١: حديث غريب.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الاعتقاد ص ٥١٧.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٦٩٥).","vol":"4","page":212},{"text":"دُخولِ عثمانَ -﵁- إنَّما يَدُلُّ على أنَّ الرُّكبَتَينِ لَيسَتا بعورَةٍ، وعَلَى ذَلِكَ دالٌّ أيضًا حَديثُ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، وَعَلَى أنَّ السُّرَّةَ لَيسَت بعَورَةٍ، وإِنَّما العَورَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ ما بَينَهُما.\n\n٣٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ ابنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قال لِلحَسَنِ: ارفَعْ قَميصَكَ عن بَطنِكَ حَتَّى أُقَبِّلَ حَيثُ رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُقَبِّلُ. فرَفَعَ قَميصَه فقَبَّلَ سُرَّتَه (^١). كَذا قال: عن حَمّادٍ. وقالَ غَيرُه: عن حَمّادٍ وعَنِ ابنِ عَونٍ عن أبى محمدٍ وهو عُمَيرُ بنُ إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n٣٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أزهَرُ السَّمّانُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ الحسنِ فلَقيَه أبو هريرةَ قال: أرِنِى أُقَبِّلْ مِنكَ حَيثُ رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُقَبِّلُ. فقالَ بفُقمَيه (^٣)، فوَضَعُ فاه على سُرَّتِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ١٦٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، والخطيب فى تاريخه ٩/ ٩٥ من طريق أزهر ابن سعد عن ابن عون به. وابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٧٢٤ من طريق إبراهيم بن الحجاج عن حماد ابن سلمة، وقال فيه: عن أبى محمد.\n(^٢) قال الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٠/ ٥٠: وهو أشبه بالصواب.\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م. وفى حاشية س، ومسند أحمد، والمهذب ٢/ ٦٧١: \"بقيمصه\". والفقم: الفك. الوسيط ٢/ ٧٢٤ (ف ق م).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٥٩٣، ٦٩٦٥) من طرق عن ابن عون به.","vol":"4","page":213},{"text":"٣٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَحيَى الأسلَمِىِّ، عن أبى العَلاءِ مَولَى الأسلَميّينَ قالَ: رأَيتُ عليًّا -﵁- يَتَّزِرُ فوقَ السُّرَّةِ (^١).\nوهَذا لا يُخالِفُ قَولَ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ السُّرَّةَ لَيسَت بعَورَةٍ؛ لأنَّ مَن زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ عَقَدَ الإِزارَ فوقَ السُّرَّةِ ليَستَوعِبَ جميعَ العَورَةِ بالسَّترِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-714>بابُ ما تُصَلِّى فيه المَرأَةُ مِنَ الثّيابِ</span>\n\n٣٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالكٌ وابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ وغَيرُهُم، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ زَيدٍ القُرَشِىُّ حدَّثَهم عن أُمِّه، أنَّها سأَلَت أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-: ماذا تُصَلِّى فيه المَرأَةُ مِنَ الثّيابِ؟ فقالَت: فى الخِمارِ والدِّرْعِ (^٢) السَّابِغِ الذى يُغَيِّبُ ظُهورَ قَدَمَيها (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ وحَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٣/ ٢٨ عن أنس بن عياض به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٢٣٠) من طريق محمد بن أبى يحيى به.\n(^٢) درع المرأة: قميصها، مذكر، وقيل: يؤنث أيضًا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٦٩)، وابن وهب فى موطئه (٤٤٨)، ومالك ١٤٢/ ١، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٦٣٩). وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٢٥): ضعيف موقوف.","vol":"4","page":214},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أُمِّه عن أُمِّ سلمةَ مَوقوفًا (^١).\nورواه عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٣٢٩٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّها سأَلَتِ النبىَّ -ﷺ-: أتُصَلِّى المَرأَةُ فى دِرْعٍ وخِمارٍ لَيسَ عَلَيها إزارٌ؟ فقالَ: \"إذا كان الدِّرعُ سابِغًا يُغَطِّى ظُهورَ قَدَمَيها\" (^٢).\n\n٣٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الذى يَجُرُّ ثَوبَه مِنَ الخُيَلاءِ لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَيه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فكَيفَ بالنِّساءِ؟ قال: \"شِبرٌ\". قالَت: إِذَنْ تَخرُجَ سوقُهُنَّ. أو قالَت: أقدامُهُنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٦٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٤٠) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧١: وقفه أصح. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٥/ ٢٥١، والتمهيد ٤/ ٥٥.","vol":"4","page":215},{"text":"قال: \"فذِراعٌ ولا يَزِدْنَ عليه\" (^١).\n\n٣٢٩٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"ذَيلُ المَرأةِ شِبرٌ\". قُلتُ: إِذَنْ تَخرُجَ قَدَماها. قال: فذِراعٌ لا يَزِدنَ عليه\" (^٢).\nوفِى هذا دَليلٌ على وُجوبِ سَترِ قَدَمَيها.\n\n٣٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^٣) بنِ عمرَ الحَمَّامِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا حجَّاج بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ حائضٍ إلا بخِمارٍ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ. ورواه سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٧٣١)، والنسائى (٥٣٥١) من طريق أيوب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٣٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧٤١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وأبو داود (٤١١٧)، وابن حبان (٥٤٥١) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"محمد\". وتقدمت ترجمته (٥٢٠).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥١، وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم ولم يخرجاه، وأظن أنه لخلاف فيه على قتادة. =","vol":"4","page":216},{"text":"الحسنِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٣٢٩٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ حائضٍ إلا بخِمارٍ\" (^١).\n\n٣٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدَّثَنى بُكَيرٌ، عن بُسْرِ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الخَولانِىِّ، وكانَ يَتيمًا فى حَجرِ مَيمونَةَ، قال (^٣): رأَيتُ مَيمونَةَ تُصلِّى فى دِرْعٍ سابِغٍ وخِمارٍ لَيسِ عَلَيها إزارٌ (^٤).\n\n٣٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ (^٥)، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن الثِّقَةِ، عن بُكَيرِ\n_________\n= ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٤١) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. وابن ماجه (٦٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٧٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٧١١، ١٧١٢) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (٢٥١٦٧)، والترمذى (٣٧٧) من طريق حماد به، وقال الترمذى: حسن.\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥١. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٦٤١) عن سعيد بن أبى عروبة، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٢: سعيد أثبت فى قتادة من حماد، وقد حسن الترمذى حديث حماد. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٤/ ٤٣١، ٤٣٢.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"بشر\". والمثبت هو الصواب، كما فى مصدرى التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"قالت\". والمثبت هو الصواب.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٤٠، ٤٤١. وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (١٣٤ - بغية) من طريق بكير به، وعنده: سابغ ضيق.\n(^٥) فى س: \"حفص\".","vol":"4","page":217},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ. فذكَره بنَحوِه قال: وكانَت تُصَلِّى فى الدِّرعِ والخِمارِ لَيسَ عَلَيها إزارٌ (^١).\n\n٣٣٠٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها كانَت تُصَلِّى فى الدِّرعِ والخِمارِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-715>بابُ التَّرغيبِ فى أن تُكَثِّفَ ثيابَها أو تَجعَلَ تَحتَ دِرعِها ثَوبًا إن خَشِيت أن يَصِفَها دِرعُها</span>\n\n٣٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِح وسُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِىُّ وابنُ السَّرحِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى قُرَّةُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ المَعافِرِىُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ نِساءَ المُهاجِراتِ الأُوَلَ لما أنزَلَ اللَّهُ تعالَى: ﴿وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١]. شَقَقنَ، قال ابنُ صالِحٍ: أكثَفَ (^٣) مُروطِهِنَّ فاختَمَرنَ بها (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٤٢.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) كذا جاء هنا، ولفظ بقية الرواة غير ابن صالح أكنف. بالنون. كما عند أبى داود. وأكنف بالنون: الأستر والأصفق، وأكثف بالثاء: الأغلظ والأثخن. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٥٣، ٢٠٦.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١٠٢).\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٧٥٨)، وسيأتى من طريقه فى (١٣٦٣٧). وينظر فتح البارى ٨/ ٤٨٩، والتغليق ٤/ ٢٦٩.","vol":"4","page":218},{"text":"الزّاهِدُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانَ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- قالَت: لما نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ﴾. أخَذَ نِساءُ الأنصارِ أُزُرَهُنَّ فشَقَقنَه مِن نَحوِ الحَواشِى فاختَمَرنَ بهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ وتَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"صِنفانِ مِن أهلِ النّارِ لم أرَهُما قطُّ؛ قَومٌ مَعَهُم سياطٌ كأذنابِ البَقَرِ يَضرِبونَ بها النّاسَ، ونِساءٌ كاسياتٌ عارياتٌ، مائلاتٌ مُميلاتٌ، رُءوسُهُنَّ كأمثالِ أسنِمَةِ البُختِ المائلَةِ (^٣)، لا يَدخُلنَ الجَنَّةَ ولا يَجِدْنَ ريحَها، وإِنَّ ريحَها لَتوجَدُ مِن (^٤) كَذا وكَذا\" (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٣٦٣٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٥٩).\n(^٣) قال البغوى: قيل: معناه أنهن يعظمن روءسهن بالخمر والعمائم حتى تشبه أسنمة البخت -الجِمال- وقيل: يطمحن إلى الرجال، لا يغضضن من أبصارهن، ولا ينكسن رءوسهن. شرح السنة ١٠/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٤) كذا فى س، م، والمهذب ٢/ ٦٧٣، وبعده فى مصادر التخريج: \"مسيرة\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٥٣٢، ٥٣٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٤٦١) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به. وأحمد (٨٦٦٥) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢١٢٨/ ١٢٥).","vol":"4","page":219},{"text":"٣٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى موسَى بنُ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ عَبّاسَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عَبّاسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ حدَّثه، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن دِحيَةَ بنِ خَليفَةَ قال: بَعَثَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى هِرَقلَ، فلمَّا رَجَعَ أعطاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قُبْطيَّةً (^١) فقالَ: \"اجعَلْ صَديعَها (^٢) قَميصًا، وأعطِ صاحِبَتَكَ صَديعًا تَختَمِرُ به\". فلَمَّا ولَّى دَعاه قال: \"مُرْها تَجعَلْ تَحتَه شَيئًا لِئَلَّا يَصِفَ\" (^٣). وقالَ بَعضُهُم: عبَّاس بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ. قال البخارىُّ: مَن قال: ابنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه أكثَرُ. وذَكَرَ فيمَن قال: ابن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، يَحيَى بنَ أيّوبَ وابنَ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ عن موسَى بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبَّاسٍ حَدَّثَه (^٥).\n\n٣٣٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) القبطية: الثوب من ثياب مصر رقيقة بيضاء، وكأنه منسوب إلى القبط، وهم أهل مصر، وضم القاف من تغيير النسب، وهذا فى الثياب، فأما فى الناس فقبطى بالكسر. النهاية ٤/ ٦. وينظر معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) الصَّديع: النصف من الشئ المشقوق نصفين. التاج ٢١/ ٣٢١ (ص د ع).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ١٨٧ من طريق ابن أبى مريم به، وصححه، وقال الذهبى: فيه انقطاع. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٤١١٦) عن يحيى بن أيوب. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٣/ ٦٧٣: خالد لم يدرك دحية والراوى عن خالد مجهول.\n(^٤) التاريخ ٧/ ٣.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤١١٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٨٩).","vol":"4","page":220},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا زكريا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه قالَ: كسانِى رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- قُبطيَّةً كَثيفَةً أهداها له دِحيَةُ الكَلبِىُّ، فكَسوتُها امرأتِى فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما لَكَ لا تَلبَسُ القُبطيَّةَ؟ \". قُلتُ: كَسَوتُها امرأَتِى. فقالَ: \"مُرْها فلتَجعَلْ تَحتَها غِلالَةً (^١)؛ فإِنِّى أخافُ أن تَصِفَ عِظامَها\" (^٢).\n\n٣٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كسا النّاسَ القَباطِىَّ، ثم قال: لا تَدرَّعْها نِساؤُكُم. فقالَ رجلٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قَد ألبَستُها امرأَتِى، فأَقبَلَت فى البَيتِ وأَدبَرَت، فلَم أرَه يَشِفُّ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: إن لم يكنْ يَشِفُّ فإِنَّه يَصِفُ.\nوقَد رواه أيضًا مسلمٌ البَطينُ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن عُمَرَ (^٣).\nولِمَعنَى هذا المُرسَلِ شاهِدٌ بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ:\n_________\n(^١) الغِلالة: ثوب يلبس تحت الثياب. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ١/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٨٨) عن زكريا بن عدى به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٣: إسناده صالح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٢٥٣) من طريق الأعمش عن مسلم البطين قال: قال عمر. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٥١٧٠) من طريق الأعمش عن أبى صالح: قال عمر. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٣: كلاهما مرسل عنه.","vol":"4","page":221},{"text":"٣٣٠٧ - أخبرَناه الفَقيهُ أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ (^١) مِن أصلِ كِتابِه وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِىُّ (^٢) وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الصَّفّارُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عَمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ يَعنِى التَّيمِىَّ، عن محمدِ ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: تُصَلِّى المَرأَةُ فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ؛ درعٍ، وخِمارٍ، وإِزارٍ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عنَ أُمِّ سلمةَ أنَّها صَلَّت فى دِرعٍ وخِمارٍ ثم قالَت: ناوِلينِى المِلحَفَةَ (^٤). وعَن عائشةَ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ (^٥). وعَن عائشةَ أنَّها سُئلت عن الخِمارِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد القاهر بن طاهر بن محمد أبو منصور البغدادى أحد أعلام الشافعية، قال عبد الغافر: الأستاذ الكامل ذو الفنون، الفقيه الأصولى، الأديب الشاعر النحوى، أملى سنين، واختلف إليه الأئمة فقرءوا عليه. وقال الذهبى: كان رئيسًا محتسْمًا مثريًا، له كتاب \"التكملة\" فى الحساب. توفى سنة (٤٢٧ هـ) أو (٤٢٩ هـ). ينظر المنتخب من السياق (١١٩٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٧٢، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٥/ ١٣٦.\n(^٢) عبد الرحمن بن على بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن حمدان بن مهران أبو القاسم الفارسى الشافعى، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة صائن عفيف. توفى سنة (٤٢٣ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٠١١)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٠.\n(^٣) الأثر فى جزء حديث محمد بن عبد اللَّه الأنصارى (١١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٢٢١) من طريق سليمان التيمى بنحوه.\n(^٤) الملحفة: ما يلتحف به. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٢/ ١٩٣.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى المصنف (٥٠٢٧). وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (٣٧٩).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٣٢٩٦).","vol":"4","page":222},{"text":"فقالَت: إنَّما الخِمارُ ما وارَى البَشَرَةَ والشَّعَرَ (^١).\n\n٣٣٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبى عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه أنَّها قالَت: دَخَلَت حَفصةُ بنتُ عبدِ الرحمنِ على عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، وعَلَى حَفصةَ خِمارٌ رَقيقٌ، فشقَّقَتْه عائشَةُ وكَسَتها خِمارًا كَثيفًا (^٢).\n\n٣٣٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ فى حَديثِ عائشةَ، أنَّها كانَت تَحتَبِكُ تَحتَ الدِّرعِ فى الصَّلاةِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه حَجّاجٌ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ شَبيبٍ، عن عائشَةَ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الاحتِباكُ شَدُّ الإِزارِ وإِحكامُه، يَعنِى أنَّها كانَت لا تُصَلِّى إلا مُؤتَزِرَةً (^٣).\n\n٣٣١٠ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن أبى عُبَيد فى حَديثِ عائشةَ، أنَّها كَرِهَت أن تُصَلِّىَ المَرأَةُ عُطُلًا، ولَو أن تُعَلِّقَ فى عُنُقِها خَيطًا. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه الفَزارِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشَةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ ذَلِكَ. قال أبو عُبيَدٍ: قَولُه: عُطُلًا. يَعنى الَّتِى لا حَلْىَ عَلَيها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٠٤٩).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩١٣، ومن طريقه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٨/ ٧١.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣١٢.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٣٣، وفيه: \"عبد اللَّه بن سيار\" بدلًا من \"عبد اللَّه بن يسار\". وينظر =","vol":"4","page":223},{"text":"وثابِتٌ عن عائشةَ فى نِساءٍ مِنَ المُؤمِناتِ كُنَّ يَشهَدْنَ الصَّلاةَ مُتَلَفِّعاتٍ بمُروطِهِنَّ:\n\n٣٣١١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ فيما قَرأْتُ عليه، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: لَقَد كان رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ فيَشهَدُها معه النساءُ مِنَ المُؤمِناتِ مُتَلَفِّعاتٍ بمُروطِهِنَّ، ثم يَرجِعنَ إلى بُيوتِهِنَّ وما يَعرِفُهُنَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ النّاسِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-716>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أن يُصَلِّىَ فيه مِنَ الثّيابِ</span>\n\n٣٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السِّمنانِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ قالا: حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِىِّ، سمِع نافِعًا، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فليأْتَزِرْ وليَرتَدْ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٣١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n= تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٢٣٨ ترجمة عائشة بنت طلحة.\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢١٦٣)، وفيه: من الغلس. مكان: من الناس.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٢) إلى قولها: وما يعرفهن أحد.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٦٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٧١٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ به. وصححه الألبانى. انظر التعليقات الحسان على صحيح ابن حبان (١٧١٠).","vol":"4","page":224},{"text":"حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدَّثَنا مُثَنَّى بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن شُعبَةَ. فذكَره بمَعناه بإِسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n٣٣١٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ المُسَيَّبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، ولا يرَى نافِعٌ إلا أنَّه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فليَلبَس ثَوبَيه، فإِنَّ اللَهَ ﷿ أحَقُّ أن يُزَّيَّنَ له، فإِن لم يَكُنْ له ثَوبانِ فليأْتَزِرْ إذا صَلَّى، ولا يَشتَمِلْ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاِته اشتِمالَ اليَهودِ (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n٣٣١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ الضُّبَعِىُّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: رآنِى ابنُ عمرَ وأَنا أُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ فقالَ: ألَم أكسُكَ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فلَو بَعَثتُكَ كُنتَ تَذهَبُ هَكَذا؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: فاللَّهُ أحَقُّ أن تَزَيَّنَ. له. ثم قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فى ثَوبٍ فليَشُدَّه على حَقوِه (^٤)، ولا تَشتَمِلوا كاشتِمالِ اليَهودِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٤/ ٥٧ من طريق المثنى به.\n(^٢) اشتمال اليهود: هو أن يجلل بدنه الثوب ويسبله من غير أن يشيل طرفه. معالم السنن ١/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٧٧، ٣٧٨، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩٣٦٨) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٥١: وإسناده حسن.\n(^٤) الحقو: مَعْقِد الإزار. النهاية ١/ ٤١٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٦٩) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به مختصرًا.","vol":"4","page":225},{"text":"٣٣١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِع قال: تَخَلَّفتُ يَومًا فى عَلَفِ الرِّكابِ، فدَخَلَ عَلَىَّ ابنُ عمرَ وأَنا أُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، فقالَ لى: ألَم تُكسَ ثَوبَينِ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: أرأَيتَ لَو بَعَثتُكَ إلى بَعضِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ أكنتَ تَذهَبُ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: فاللَّهُ أحَقُّ أن تَتَجَمَّلَ له أم النَّاسُ؟ ثم قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أو قال عُمَرُ: \"مَن كان له ثَوبانِ فليُصَلِّ فيهِما، ومَن لم يَكُنْ له إلا ثَوبٌ فليتَّزِرْ به، ولا يَشتَمِلْ كاشتِمالِ اليَهودِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٣١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ قال: احتَبَستُ له فى عَلَفِ الرِّكابِ. وذكَر الحديثَ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أو قال: قال عُمَرُ- وأَكثَرُ ظَنِّى أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ليُصَلِّ أحَدُكُم فى ثَوبَينِ، فإن لم يَجِدْ إلا ثَوبًا واحِدًا فليَتَّزِرْ به، ولا يَشتَمِلِ اشتِمالَ اليَهودِ\". ورواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن نافِعٍ هَكَذا بالشَّكِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٣١٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٣٥) عن سليمان بن حرب به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٦٣٥٦) من طريق نافع به بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٩٣).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٣/ ١٧، وقال: \"والمحفوظ قول أيوب أن نافعًا قال: سمعت ابن عمر يرفعه إلى النبى -ﷺ- أو إلى عمر\".","vol":"4","page":226},{"text":"حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قالَ: قامَ رجلٌ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- فسأَلَه عن الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ، فقالَ: \"أوَكُلُّكُم يَجِدُ ثَوبَينِ؟ \". ثم قامَ رجلٌ إلى عمرَ فسأَلَه عن الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ، فقالَ: إذا وسَّعَ اللَّهُ فأَوسِعوا، جَمَعَ رجلٌ عليه ثيابَه، صَلَّى رجلٌ فى إزارٍ ورِداءٍ، فى إزارٍ وقَميصٍ، فى إزارٍ وقَباءٍ (^١)، فى سَراويلَ ورِداءٍ، فى سَراويلَ وقَميصٍ، فى سَراويلَ وقَباءٍ، فى تُبّانٍ (^٢) وقَباءٍ، فى تُبّانٍ وقَميصٍ. وأَحسِبُه قال: فى تُبَّانٍ ورِداءٍ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ (^٥) بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَرمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ يَحيَى بنُ واضِحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو المُنيبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى لِحافٍ لا يَتَوَشَّحُ به (^٦)، ونَهَى أن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى سَراويلَ ولَيسَ عليه رِداءٌ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) القباء: والجمع الأقبية: ثياب ضيقة من ثياب العجم معلومة، وأصله من ذوات الواو؛ لأنه من: قبوتُ، إذا ضممت. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٠.\n(^٢) التُّبَّان: سراويل قصيرة الساقين، أو بلا ساقين. فتح البارى ١/ ٩٢.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٤٩)، ومسلم (٥١٥/ ٢٧٦)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩٨، ٢٣٠٦) من طريق أيوب، وعند أحمد ومسلم بذكر المرفوع فحسب.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٦٥).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"الحسن\". وتقدم على الصواب فى (٤٤٥، ٩٩٣، ١٠٨٣) وغيرها.\n(^٦) يتوشح به: يتغشى به، والأصل فيه من الوشاح، وهو شئ ينسج عريضًا من أديم. النهاية ٥/ ١٨٧.\n(^٧) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٠ وفيه بياض مكان شيخه وشيخ شيخه، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود =","vol":"4","page":227},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-717>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n٣٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ \"المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ سائلًا سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ فقالَ: \"أوَلِكُلِّكُم ثَوبانِ؟ \" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٣٣٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه العسكرىُّ بالأَهوازِ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رجلًا يَسأَلُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أيُصَلِّى أحَدُنا فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَلِكُلِّكُم ثَوبانِ؟ \". فكانَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: إنِّى\n_________\n= (٦٣٦) من طريق سعيد بن محمد به.\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٤٠، ومن طريقه النسائى (٧٦٢)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٢٥) عن القعنبى به. وأحمد (٧٢٥١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧٥٨) من طريق الزهرى به. وعند أحمد بزيادة قول أبى هريرة الآتى.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٥٨)، ومسلم (٥١٥/ ٢٧٥).","vol":"4","page":228},{"text":"لأَترُكُ رِدائى على المِشْجَبِ (^١) وأُصَلِّى مُلتَحِفًا (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ دونَ فِعلِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٣)، ورواه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n٣٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ ابنُ أبى الموالِ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ أنَّه قال: دَخَلنا على جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو قائمٌ يُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُلتَحِفًا به، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قُلنا: يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ أتُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُلتَحِفًا به، وهَذا رِداؤُكَ مَوضوعٌ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، أحبَبتُ أن يَرانِى الجاهِلُ أمثالُكُم، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصلِّى هَكَذا (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ أبى الموالِ (^٦).\n\n٣٣٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) المشجب: خشبات موثقة تنصب وتنشر عليها الثياب. العين ٦/ ٤٠، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٠٦) من طريق الزهرى عن أبى سلمة وحده به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥١٥/. . .).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣٣١٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٦٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبى الموال به بنحوه.\n(^٦) البخارى (٣٧٠).","vol":"4","page":229},{"text":"رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُخالِفًا بَينَ طَرَفَيه على عاتِقِه، وثَوبُه على المِشْجَبِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٣٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عَمرِو بنِ (^٣) البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عَبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يُصلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا بهِ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n\n٣٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مِهرُويَه ابنِ عَبّاسِ بنِ سِنانٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ قَد خالَفَ بَينَ طَرَفَيه على عاتِقَيهِ.\n\n٣٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ (^٦) بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ببَيهَقَ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٤٤٧)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٧٦٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥١٨/ ٢٨٣).\n(^٣) سقط من س، م. وتقدم على الصواب فى (١٧، ١٩١، ٤١٦) وغيرها، وتنظر ترجمته فى سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٤) مجموع فيه مصنفات ابن البخترى (٦٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٢) عن يعلى بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (١٠٤٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥١٩/ ٢٨٤).\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"المظفر\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى (٢٨٦١).","vol":"4","page":230},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى بَيتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ واضِعًا طَرَفَيه على مَنكِبَيهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ موسَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٢٧ - وأخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصلِّى فى بَيتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا بهِ. أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: اختَلَفَ أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ وابنُ مَسعودٍ فى الصَّلاةِ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، فقالَ أُبَىٌّ: ثَوبٍ. وقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: ثَوبَينِ. فجازَ عَلَيهِم عُمَرُ فلامَهُما وقالَ: إنَّه لَيَسوءُنِى أن يَختَلِفَ اثنانِ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- فى شَئٍ واحِدٍ، فعَن أىِّ فُتياكُما يَصدُرُ الناسُ؟ أمّا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٢٩)، والترمذى (٣٣٩)، والنسائى (٧٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٠٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦١)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩١ - ٢٢٩٣) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٥٤)، ومسلم (٥١٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٥٦)، ومسلم (٥١٧/ ٢٧٨).","vol":"4","page":231},{"text":"مَسعودٍ فلَم يأْلُ، والقَولُ ما قال أُبَىٌّ (^١).\nورواه أبو مَسعودٍ الجُرَيرِىُّ عن أبى نَضرَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ عمرَ، وقالَ: فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ إذا كان فى الثّيابِ قِلَّةٌ، فأَمّا إذا وسَّعَ اللَّهُ فالصَّلاةُ فى ثَوبَينِ أزكَى (^٢).\nوهَذا والَّذِى قَبلَه يَدُلَّانِ على أنَّ الذى أمَرَ به عُمَرُ وابنُ مَسعودٍ فى الصَّلاةِ فى ثَوبَينِ استِحبابٌ لا إيجابٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-718>بابُ النَّهى عن الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على عاتِقَيه مِنه شَئٌ</span>\n\n٣٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُصَلّيَنَّ أحَدُكُم فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على عاتِقَيه مِنه شَئٌ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والدارقطنى فى العلل (١٤٢) من طريق داود به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد (٢١٢٧٦ - زوائد المسند) من طريق الجريرى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٤٩: وأبو نضرة لم يسمع من أبىٍّ ولا ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٠٠)، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٢٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٧)، وأبو داود (٦٢٦)، والنسائى (٧٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"4","page":232},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٣٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحبوبٍ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، قالا: حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يَشهَدُ أنَّه سمِع رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن صَلَّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ فليُخالِفْ بَينَ طَرَفَيه\". زادَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ فى رِوايَتِه: \"على عاتِقَيه\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ على لَفظِ حَديث آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-719>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه إنَّما يَلتَحِفُ به إذا كان واسِعًا، وإِذا كان ضَيِّقًا اتَّزَرَ به وجازَت صَلاتُه</span>\n\n٣٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّه أتَى جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه ونَفَرٌ قَد سَمّاهُم، قال: فلَمّا دَخَلنا عليه وجَدناه يُصَلِّى فى ثَوبٍ مُلتَحِفًا به ورِداؤُه قَريبًا مِنه، لَو تَناوَلَه بَلَغَه قال: فلَمّا سَلَّمَ سأَلناه عن صَلاتِه فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ فقالَ: أفعَلُ هذا ليَرانِى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥١٦). وتقدم من طريق مالك (٣٢٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٦٦)، وأبو داود (٦٢٧)، وابن حبان (٢٣٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٦٠).","vol":"4","page":233},{"text":"الحَمقَى أمثالُكُم فيُفشُونَ عن جابِرٍ رُخصَةً رَخَّصَها له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ إنِّى خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى بَعضِ أسفارِه، فجِئتُه لَيلَةً لِبَعضِ أمرِى فوَجَدتُه يُصلِّى، وعَلَىَّ ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ فاشتَمَلتُ به وصَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"ما السُّرَى (^١) يا جابِرُ؟ \". فأَخبَرتُه بحاجَتِى قال: \"يا جابِرُ ما هذا الاشتِمالُ الذى رأيتُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه كان ثَوبًا واحِدًا ضَيِّقًا. فقالَ: \"إذا صَلَّيتَ وعَلَيكَ ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ، فإِن كان واسِعًا فالتَحِفْ به، وإِن كان ضَيِّقًا فاتَّزِرْ به\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: فى كِتابِى: سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ بخَطِّ الشِّيرازِىِّ، والصَّوابُ سَعيدُ بنُ الحارِثِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ عن فُلَيحٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ السِّمسارُ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدَّثَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ أبى حَزرَةَ (^٤)، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدُ اللَّهِ فى مَسجِدِه وهو يُصلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُشتَمِلًا به، فتَخَطَّيتُ القَومَ حَتَّى جَلَستُ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، أتُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) السرى: السير بالليل، أراد: ما أوجب مجيئك فى هذا الوقت؟ النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦٧)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٣٠٥) من طريق فليح به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٦١). وتقدم من وجه آخر عن جابر فى (٣٣٢٢).\n(^٤) فى س: \"جزرة\"، وفى م: \"حرزة\". والمثبت كما فى المهذب ٢/ ٦٧٧، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٦١، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٤٣٥.","vol":"4","page":234},{"text":"فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ وهَذا إزارُكَ إلى جَنبِكَ؟ فقالَ: أرَدتُ أن يَدخُلَ عَلَىَّ الأحمَقُ مِثلُكَ فيَرانِى كَيفَ أصنَعُ فيَصنَعُ مِثلَه. فذكَر حَديثًا طَويلًا وفيه: قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، يَعنِى: يُصلِّى وكانَت عَلَىَّ بُردَةٌ ذَهَبتُ أُخالِفُ بَينَ طَرَفَيها، فلَم تَبلُغْ لِى، وكانَت لَها ذَباذِبُ (^١) فنَكَّستُها، ثم خالَفتُ بَينَ طَرَفَيها، ثم تَواقَصتُ عَلَيها (^٢)، فجِئتُ حَتَّى قُمتُ عن يَسارِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخَذَ بيَدِى فأَدارَنِى حَتَّى أقامَنِى عن يَمينِه، فجاءَ ابنُ صَخرٍ حَتَّى قامَ عن يَسارِه، فأَخَذَنا بيَدَيه جَميعًا فدَفَعَنا حَتَّى أقامَنا خَلفَه، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرمُقُنِى وأَنا لا أشعُرُ، ثم فطِنتُ به فقالَ هَكَذا، يَعنِى شُدَّ وسَطَكَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا جابِرُ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"إذا كان واسِعًا فخالِفْ بَينَ طَرَفَيه، وإِذا كان ضَيِّقًا فاشدُدْه على حَقوِكَ (^٣) \". رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارون بنِ مَعروفٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٣٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى النسخ: \"ذباب\". والمثبت كما فى المهذب ٢/ ٦٧٧، ومصادر التخريج. والذباذب: هى الأهداب والأطراف، واحدها ذبذب؛ بالكسر، سمِّيت بذلك لأنها تتحرك على لابسها إذا مشى. تاج العروس ٢/ ٤٢٦ (ذ ب ب).\n(^٢) تواقصت عليها: معناه أنه ثنى عنقه ليمسك الثوب به، كأنه يحكى خلقة الأوقص من الناس. معالم السنن ١/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) فى م: \"حقوتك\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٦٣٤)، وابن حبان (٢١٩٧، ٢٢٦٥) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٠٨، ٣٠١٠).","vol":"4","page":235},{"text":"عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى مِرطٍ، بَعضُه عَلَىَّ وبَعضُه عليه وأَنا حائضٌ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ ثَبَتَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢). وفيه دَليلٌ على جَوازِ الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ وإِنْ لم يَكُنْ على عاتِقِه مِنه شَئٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-720>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى القَميصِ</span>\n\n٣٣٣٤ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَلِىٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِىُّ، أَخبرَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِى بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِى حَوْمَلٍ الْعَامِرِىِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِى بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَمَّنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- فِى قَمِيصٍ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءٌ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: إِنِّى رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فِى قَمِيصٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكر، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المُؤمِنِ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه ابنُ بريدةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- تَقولُ: ما كان شَئٌ مِنَ الثّيابِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٠٣)، والشافعى فى مسنده (١٨٨ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣٢٩) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٥).\n(^٢) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٤١٧٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٣٣)، وقال بعد أبى حومل العارمى: كذا قال، والصواب أبو حرمل. اهـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٣٨، ٢٦٧. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٢٣).","vol":"4","page":236},{"text":"أحَبَّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- منَ القَميصِ (^١).\n[وقيل: عنه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ] (^٢):\n\n٣٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبدَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو تُمَيلَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المُؤمِنِ بنُ خالِدٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، [عن أُمِّه] (^٣)، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: لم يَكُنْ ثَوبٌ أحَبَّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ القَميصِ (^٤).\nرواه أبو داودَ، عن زيادِ بنِ أيّوبَ عن أبى تُمَيلَةَ (^٥).\nوقيل: عنه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه (^٦) عن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٢٤٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٧٦٢) من طريق زيد بن الحباب وغيره به، وقال: حسن غريب إنما نعرفه من حديث عبد المؤمن بن خالد تفرد به، وهو مروزى. وأبو داود (٤٠٢٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٦٨) من طريق عبد المؤمن به.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م. والمثبت على الصواب كما ذكر المصنف قبل قليل، وهو كذلك فى مصادر التخريج.\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٦٦٩٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٧٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٧٥) من طريق أبى تميلة به، وقال الترمذى: وسمعت محمد بن إسماعيل يقول: حديث عبد اللَّه بن بريدة عن أمه عن أم سلمة أصح، وإنما يذكر فيه أبو تميلة عن أمه. وينظر علل الترمذى الكبير ص ٢٩٠.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٠٢٦)، وفيه: \"عن أبيه\". بدلًا من: \"عن أمه\". وينظر تحفة الأشراف ١٣/ ١٤. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٩٧).\n(^٦) فى س: \"أمه\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو الشيخ فى أخلاق النبى -ﷺ- ص ١٠٦.","vol":"4","page":237},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عمرَ: أىُّ ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أن أُصَلِّىَ فيهِ؟ قال: القَميصُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-721>بابُ الدَّليل على أنَّه يَزُرُّه إن كان جَيبُه واسِعًا ويَدَعُه إن كان ضَيِّقًا</span>\n\n٣٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه إنِّى رجلٌ أصيدُ، أَفأُصَلِّى فى القَميصِ الواحِدِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم وزُرَّه ولَو بشَوكَةٍ\" (^٢).\nرواه أبو أوَيسٍ عن موسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ المَخزومِىِّ عن أبيه عن سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ مُعاويَةَ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٥٤، والدولابى فى الكنى (١٣٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧٧٧، ٧٧٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩٤) من طريق الدراوردى به. وأحمد (١٦٥٢٠)، والنسائى (٧٦٤) من طريق موسى بن إبراهيم به. وعلقه البخارى عقب (٣٥٠) وقال: فى إسناده نظر.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٩٦ من طريق أبى أويس به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٨: أبو أويس فيه ضعف، قد رواه عطاف بن خالد، عن موسى، سمع سلمة.","vol":"4","page":238},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى يَحتَزِمَ (^١).\nورَوَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حُدَّثتُ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُصلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى قَميصٍ مَحلولَةٍ أزرارُه مَخافَةَ أن يُرَى فرجُه إذا رَكَعَ حَتَّى يُزِرَّه. قال يَحيَى: إذا (^٢) لم يَكُنْ عليه إزارٌ. وَهَذا وإِن كان مُنقَطِعًا فهوَ موافِقٌ لِلمَوصولِ قَبلَه.\n\n٣٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ التَّميمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عمرَ يُصلِّى مَحلولٌ أزرارُه (^٣)، فسأَلتُه عن ذَلِكَ فقال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفعَلُه (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ. وبَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ، عن حَديث زُهَيرٍ هذا فقالَ: أنا أتَّقِى هذا الشيخَ، كأَنَّ حَديثَه مَوضوعٌ، ولَيسَ هذا عِندِى بزُهَيرِ بنِ محمدٍ، وكانَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ يُضعِّفُ هذا الشيخَ ويَقولُ: هذا شَيخٌ يَنبَغِى أن يَكونوا قَلَبوا اسمَه (^٥). وأَشارَ البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) يحتزم: يتلبب ويشد وسطه. النهاية ١/ ٣٧٩. والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٩٠١٧، ١٠١٠٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣٦٩) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه. ضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٣٠).\n(^٢) فى م: \"إذ\".\n(^٣) فى س، والمستدرك، ونسخة الأصل من ابن حبان: \"إزاره\". والمثبت موافق لما عند ابن خزيمة. المهذب للذهبى ٢/ ٦٧٨، وأشار المحقق أنه كُتب فى حاشية الأصل عنده: \"إزاره\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٠ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٧٩)، وابن حبان (٥٤٥٣) من طريق صفوان بن صالح به.\n(^٥) علل الترمذى الكبير ص ٣٨١.","vol":"4","page":239},{"text":"إلى بَعضِ هذا فى \"التاريخ\" (^١). ورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عمرَ مِن أوجُهٍ دونَ السَّنَدِ.\n\n٣٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى قال: ما رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ قَطُّ إلا مَحلولَ الأزرارِ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٤١ - قال سَعيدٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى زُهرَةُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ القُرَشِىُّ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبا حازِمٍ ومُحَمَّدَ بنَ المُنكَدِرِ يُصَلونَ وأَزرارُ قُمُصِهِم مُطلَقَةٌ.\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَ ما رُوّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ نَفسِهِ (^٣).\nوهو إذا كان فى الصَّلاةِ مَحمولٌ عندَنا على ما لَو كان الجَيبُ ضيِّقًا، واللَّه أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-722>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى الرِّداءِ</span>\n\n٣٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بَدرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه طَلقِ بنِ علىٍّ قال: خَرَجْنا إلى نَبِىِّ اللَّه -ﷺ- وفدًا حَتَّى قَدِمنا عليه فبايَعناه وصلَّينا معه، فجاءَ رجلٌ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢٧.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الإزار\".\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥١٧٦).","vol":"4","page":240},{"text":"فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ ما تَرَى فى الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ؟ فأَطلَقَ نَبِىُّ اللَّه -ﷺ- إزارَه وطارَقَ به (^١) رِداءَه، واشتَمَلَ بها، وقامَ فصلَّى بنا، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"أوَكُلُّكُم يَجِدُ ثَوبَينِ؟ \" (^٢).\nوالأحاديثُ الَّتِى رُوّيناها فى صَلاةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا به. المُرادُ به الرَّداءُ، أو ما يُشبِهُ الرِّداءَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-723>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى الإِزارِ، وعَقدِه على القَفا</span>\n\n٣٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنى واقِدُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قالَ: صَلَّى جابِرٌ فى إزارٍ قَد عَقَدَه مِن قِبَلِ قَفاه، وثيابُه مَوضوعَةٌ على المِشجَبِ، فقالَ له قائلٌ: أتُصلِّى فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ؟ قالَ: أما إنِّى إنَّما صَنَعتُ ذَلِكَ ليَرانِى أحمَقُ مِثلُكَ، وأَيُّنا كان له ثَوبانِ فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-724>بابُ ظُهورِ العَورَةِ مِن أسفَلِ الإِزارِ عندَ السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٣٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) طارق به: من طارقت الثوب على الثوب: إذا طبقته عليه. عون المعبود ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٨٥)، وأبو داود (٦٢٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٩٧) من طريق ملازم بن عمرو به بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٨٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٥٢). وتقدم من وجه آخر عن ابن المنكدر فى (٣٣٢٢).","vol":"4","page":241},{"text":"سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويوسُفُ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كانوا يُصَلّونَ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهُم عاقِدونَ أُزُرَهُم مِنَ الصِّغَرِ على رِقابِهِم، فقيلَ لِلنِّساءِ: لا تَرفَعنَ رُءوسَكُنَّ حَتَّى يَستَوِىَ الرِّجالُ جُلوسًا (^١).\n\n٣٣٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانىُّ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: لَقَد رأَيتُ الرِّجالَ عاقِدِينَ أُزُرَهُم فى أعناقِهِم مِثلَ الصِّبيانِ مِن ضيقِ الأُزُرِ خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ قائلٌ: يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ لا تَرفَعنَ رُءوسَكُنَّ حَتَّى يَرفَعَ الرِّجالُ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُتَوَكَلِ العَسقَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُسلِمٍ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مَولًى لأَسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -﵂- قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨١٠)، والنسائى (٧٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦٣)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٣٠١)، من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٤٦٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٦٢)، وأبو داود (٦٣٠) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٨١٤)، ومسلم (٤٤١).","vol":"4","page":242},{"text":"مِنكُنَّ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا تَرفَعْ رأسَها حَتَّى يَرفَعَ الرِّجالُ رُءوسَهُم\". [كَراهيَةَ أن يَرَينَ] (^١) مِن عَوْراتِ الرِّجالِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-725>بابُ مَن جَمَعَ ثَوبَه بيَدِه كراهيَةَ أن تَبدوَ عَورَتُه</span>\n\n٣٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الفَزارِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: رأَيتُ سَبعينَ مِن أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ ما مِنهُم رجلٌ عليه رِداءٌ، إمّا بُردَةٌ وإِمّا كِساءٌ، قَد رَبَطوها فى أعناقِهِم، فمِنها ما يَبلُغُ نِصفَ السّاقِ، ومنها ما يَبلُغُ الكَعبَينِ، فيَجمَعُه بيَدِه كَراهيَةَ أن تَبدوَ عَورَتُه (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ عيسَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-726>بابُ كَراهيَةِ إسبالِ الإِزارِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"كراهة أن يرى\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٥١)، وعبد الرزاق (٥١٠٩)، وعنه أحمد (٢٦٩٤٧)، وعند عبد الرزاق وأحمد: \"عن مولاة\" بدلا من: \"عن مولى\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٤٩) من طريق معمر به. وفى (٢٦٩٥٠) من طريق أخى الزهرى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٦٤) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به. وابن حبان (٦٨٢) من طريق فضيل به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٤٢).","vol":"4","page":243},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-: بَينَما رجلٌ يُصَلِّى مُسبِلٌ إزارَه فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"اذهَبْ فتَوَضّأْ\". فذَهَبَ فتَوَضّأَ، ثم جاءَ فقالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اذهَبْ فتَوَضّأْ\". فذَهَبَ فتَوَضّأَ، ثم جاءَ، فقالَ له رجلٌ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ ما لَكَ أمَرتَه يَتَوَضّأُ ثم سَكَتَّ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّه كان يُصَلِّى وهو مُسبِلٌ إزارَه، وِإنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لا يَقبَلُ صَلاةَ رجلٍ مُسْبِلٍ إزارَه\" (^١). هَكَذا رواه أبانٌ العَطّارُ عن يَحيى، وخالَفَه حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ فى إسنادِه فرواه كما:\n\n٣٣٤٩ - أخبرنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا حَربٌ، عن يَحيَى قال: حدَّثَنى إسحاقُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، أنَّ أبا جَعفْرٍ المَدَنِىَّ حدَّثه، أنَّ عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ حدَّثه، أنَّ رجلًا مِن أصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- حدَّثه قال: بَينَما نحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَعَلَ رجلٌ يُصَلِّى، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اذهَبْ فتَوَضّأْ\". فتَوَضّأَ ثم عادَ يُصَلِّى، فقال له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اذهَبْ فتَوَضّأْ\". فقال رجلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما شأنُكَ أمَرتَه أن يَتَوَضّأْ ثم سَكَتَّ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ: \"إنِّى إنَّما أمَرتُه أن يَتَوَضّأ أنَّه كان مُسبِلًا إزارَه، ولا يَقبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلاةَ رجلٍ مُسبِلٍ إزارَه\".\nرواه هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّه الدَّستُوائىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن عَطاءِ ابنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رجلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حدَّثه (^٢). فأَسقَطَ مَنْ بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٣٨، ٤٠٨٦) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٢٤، ٨٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٢٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧٠٣)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٦١٢٧) من طريق =","vol":"4","page":244},{"text":"يَحيَى وعَطاءٍ.\n\n٣٣٥٠ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ وثابِت أبو زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -رَفَعَه أبو عَوانَةَ ولَم يَرفَعْه ثابِتٌ- أنَّه رأَى أعرابيًّا عليه شَمْلَةٌ قَد ذَيَّلَها وهو يُصَلِّى، فقالَ: \"إنَّ الذى يَجُرُّ ثَوبَه مِنَ (^١) الخُيَلاءِ فى الصَّلاةِ لَيسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فى حِلٍّ ولا حَرامٍ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ قال: رَوَى هذا جَماعَةٌ عن عاصِمٍ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ مَسعودٍ، مِنهُم حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، وأبو الأحوَصِ، وأبو مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى الأحاديثِ الثّابِتَةِ المُطلَقَةِ فى النَّهى عن جَرِّ الإِزارِ دَليلٌ على كَراهيَتِه فى الصَّلاةِ وغَيرِها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-727>بابُ كَراهيَةِ السَّدْلِ فى الصَّلاةِ وتَغطيَةِ الفَمِ</span>\n\n٣٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ حَليمٍ\n_________\n= هشام به، وعند أحمد والنسائى بذكر أبى جعفر. وقال الذهبى عن إسناد النسائى ٢/ ٦٨٠: صالح.\n(^١) فى س: \"عن\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٣٤٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٦٣٧)، عن أبى عوانة وحده به. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٨٠) من طريق أبى عوانة به، بدون ذكر الصلاة. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٩٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٦٣٧).","vol":"4","page":245},{"text":"المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه. وأَخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُتَوَكِّلِ أبو الحسنِ البَزّارُ، حدَّثَنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الحسنِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن سليمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن السَّدْلِ فى الصَّلاةِ، وأَن يُغَطِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فاه (^١).\n\n٣٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحسنِ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عِسْلِ ابنِ سُفيانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه كَرِهَ السَّدْلَ، ورَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٣٣٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهابِ هو ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عِسْلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن السَّدْلِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٣، وصححه، وعنده: \"الحسين بن ذكوان\" بدلا من: \"الحسن بن ذكوان\" وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٧٢، ٩١٨) وابن حبان (٢٣٥٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٨١: هذا منكر.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١٤١٩) عن سعيد بن عامر عن ابن أبى عروبة وحده به.","vol":"4","page":246},{"text":"فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\nوصَلَه الحسنُ بنُ ذَكوانَ عن سليمانَ عن عَطاءٍ، وعِسْلٍ عن عَطاءٍ.\nوأَرسَلَه عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ عن عَطاءٍ:\n\n٣٣٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكَارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ قال: سأَلتُ عَطاءً عن السَّدْلِ فكَرِهَه، فقُلتُ: أعَنِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقال: نَعَم (^٢). وهَذا الإِسنادُ وإِنْ كان مُنقَطِعًا ففيه قوَّةٌ لِلمَوصولَينِ قَبلَه.\nورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه صلَّى سادِلًا (^٣). وكأَنَّه نَسِىَ الحديثَ، أو حَمَلَه على أنَّ ذَلِكَ إنَّما لا يَجوزُ لِلخُيلاءِ، وكانَ لا يَفعَلُه خُيَلاءَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن النبىِّ - ﷺ:\n\n٣٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ (^٤) بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ إبراهيمَ البَوْسِىُّ بصَنعاءَ قال: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا بِشْرُ بنُ رأفِعٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ أنَّه فى الصَّلاةِ، وذكَر أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٨٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وأحمد (٧٩٣٤)، والترمذى (٣٧٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٨٩) من طريق عسل به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٨١: عسل ضعفه ابن معين. وينظر علل الدارقطنى (١٦٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٧) من طريق عامر الأحول بنحوه، وذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ٨/ ٣٣٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٤٧)، وأبو داود (٦٤٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٩٩).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الصغانى\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما سيأتى فى (٥٩٨٩، ٧٠٢٣، ٩٩٥١).","vol":"4","page":247},{"text":"كان يَكرَهُه (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به بِشْرُ بنُ رافِعٍ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\nورَوَى سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن رجلٍ لم يُسَمِّه (^٣)، عن أبى عَطيَّةَ الوادِعِىِّ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- مرَّ برَجُلٍ قَد سدَلَ ثَوبه فى الصَّلاةِ فأَخَذَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ثَوبَه فعَطَفَه عليه (^٤). وهذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٣٣٥٦ - وقَد رواه حَفصُ بنُ أبى داودَ -وهو حَفصُ بنُ سليمانَ القارِئُ الكوفِىُّ- عن الهَيثَمِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: مَرَّ النبىُّ -ﷺ- برَجُلٍ يُصلِّى قَد سَدَلَ ثَوبَه، فعَطَفَه عَلَيهِ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسينِ (^٥) ابنُ أبى عمرٍو السَّمّاكُ، حدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ أبى داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٦). إلا أنَّ حَفصًا ضَعيفٌ فى الحَديثِ (^٧). وقَد كَتَبناه مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ ابنِ طَهمانَ عن الهَيثَمِ، فإِنْ كان مَحفوظًا فهوَ أحسَنُ مِن رِوايَةِ حَفصٍ القارِئِ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٤١٧)، وفيه: \"وكان أبى يذكر أن النبىَّ -ﷺ- ينهى عنه\".\n(^٢) هو بشر بن رافع الحارثى، أبو الأسباط النجرانى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٧٤، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٣٥٧، والمجروحين ١/ ١٨٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٤٤٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١١٨، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٩٩: ضعيف الحديث.\n(^٣) فى س: \"يسمعه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١٦) عن الثورى به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"الحسن\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ١١١، ١١٢ من طريق أبى الربيع به، وفى الأوسط (٦١٦٤) من طريق حفص به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٥٠: وهو ضعيف.\n(^٧) هو حفص بن سليمان الأسدى، أبو عمر البزار الكوفى القارئ. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٦٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٧٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٥٥، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٨٨، =","vol":"4","page":248},{"text":"وقَد كَرِهَه عَلِىٌّ -﵁- فيما:\n\n٣٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيم، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّه خَرَجَ فرأَى قَومًا يُصَلّونَ قَد سَدَلوا ثيابَهُم فقالَ: كأَنَّهُم اليَهودُ خَرَجوا مِن فُهْرِهِم (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: هو مَوضِعُ مِدْراسِهِم (^٢) الذى يَجتَمِعونَ فيه. قال: والسَّدْلُ إسبالُ الرَّجُلِ ثَوبَه مِن غَيرِ أن يَضُمَّ جانِبَيه بَينَ يَدَيه، فإِن ضَمَّه فلَيسَ بسَدلٍ (^٣).\nورُوِى عن ابنِ عمرَ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه أنَّه كَرِهَه، وكَرِهَه أيضًا مُجاهِدٌ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ثم عن الحسنِ وابنِ سيرينَ أنَّهُم لم يَرَوا به بأْسًا (^٥). وكأَنَّهُم إنَّما رَخَّصوا فيه لِمَن يَفعَلُه لِغَيرِ مَخِيلَةٍ، فأَمّا مَن يَفعَلُه بَطَرًا فهوَ مَنهِىٌّ عنه، وقَد أشارَ الشافعىُّ ﵀ إلى مَعنَى هذا فى كِتابِ البوَيطِىِّ (^٦)، واحتَجَّ بمَتنِ الحديثِ الذى:\n_________\n= وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ١٠. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٨٦: متروك الحديث مع إمامته فى القراءة.\n(^١) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٨١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٣٩) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"مدارسهم\". والمِدْرَاسُ: هو البيت الذى يقرأ فيه أهل الكتاب كتبهم، درست الكتاب: قرأته. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٨٢.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤١٤، ١٤١٨ - ١٤٢٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٤٠ - ٦٥٤٤).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤١٢، ١٤١٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٥٢ - ٦٥٥٥).\n(^٦) ينظر المجموع ٣/ ١٨٢.","vol":"4","page":249},{"text":"٣٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن جَرَّ ثَوبَه خُيَلاءَ لم يَنظُرِ اللَّهُ إليه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁-: أىْ رسولَ اللَّه إنَّ أحَدَ شِقَّىْ إزارِى يَستَرخِى إلا أن أتَعاهَدَ ذَلِكَ مِنه. فقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَستَ -أو إنَّكَ لَستَ- مِمَّن يَصنَعُه خُيَلاءَ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عمرٌو، عن طاوُسٍ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لمَّا ذكَر فى الإِزارِ ما ذكَر قال أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إزارِى يَسقُطُ عن أحَدِ شِقَّىَّ. قال: \"إنَّكَ لَستَ مِنهُم\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيان عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ ثم عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٧٥٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٨٥) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٥٣٥١)، والنسائى (٥٣٥٠)، وابن حبان (٥٤٤٤) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٧٨٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٠٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٠٦٢).","vol":"4","page":250},{"text":"والشَّعبِىِّ وعِكرِمَةَ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّهُم كَرِهوا التَّلَثُّمَ فى الصَّلاةِ (^١)، ورِوايَةُ الحسنِ بنِ ذَكوانَ تُصَرِّحُ بالنَّهىِ عَنه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-728>بابُ مَوضِعِ الإِزارِ مِنَ الرِّجْلِ</span>\n\n٣٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبَرنى عُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ -﵄- قال: مَرَرتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وفِى إزارِى استِرخاءٌ فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللَّهِ ارفَعْ إزارَكَ\". فرَفعتُه فقالَ: \"زِدْ\". فزِدتُ، فما زِلتُ أتَحَرَّى بَعدُ، فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: أينَ؟ فقالَ: أنصافَ السّاقَينِ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى طاهِرٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرنى مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٠٦١ - ٤٠٦٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧٣٧٦، ٧٣٧٧، ٧٣٧٩).\n(^٢) تقدمت فى (٣٣٥١).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"عمرو\". وهو عمر بن محمد بن زيد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٩٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٦٠١) من طريق بحر بن نصر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٨٦).","vol":"4","page":251},{"text":"وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه قال: سأَلتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ عن الإِزارِ فقالَ: أُخبِرُكَ بعِلمٍ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إزرَةُ المُؤمِنِ إلى نِصفِ السّاقَينِ، ولا جُناحَ فيما بَينَه وبَينَ الكَعبَينِ، فما أسفَلَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى النّارِ، [فما أسفَلَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى النّارِ] (^١)، لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلى مَن يَجُرُّ إزارَه بَطَرًا\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ مالكٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n٣٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما كان أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ مِنَ الإِزارِ ففِى النّارِ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما تَحتَ الكَعبَينِ مِنَ الإِزارِ فى النّارِ\". رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩١٤، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٤٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧١٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (٥٤٤٦) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧١٧)، وابن حبان (٥٤٥٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر عن العلاء به. وأحمد (١١٠١٠)، وأبو داود (٤٠٩٣)، والنسائى الكبرى (٩٧١٤) من طريق العلاء به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٦١٣٤)، والآداب (٧٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣١٩)، والنسائى (٥٣٤٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٧٨٧).","vol":"4","page":252},{"text":"٣٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هَنّادٌ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أبى الصَّبّاحِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى سُمَيَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: ما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الإِزارِ فهوَ فى القَميصِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-729>بابُ تَسَتُّرِ العارِى بوَرَقِ الشَّجَرِةِ وغَيِره مِمّا يَكونُ طاهِرًا إذا لم يَجِدْ ثَوبًا</span>\n\n٣٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، أظُنُّه عن عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ المُلائىِّ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان لِباسُ آدَمَ وحَواءَ ﵉ الظُّفُرَ (^٢)، فلَمّا أكَلا الشَّجَرَةَ لم يَبقَ مِنه شَئٌ إلا مِثلَ الظُّفُرِ ﴿وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٢]. قال: ورَقُ التّينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٠٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٨٩١) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٨٣: ينبغى للمسلم ألا يفصل قميصًا ولا فرجية إلا ويحترز من أن يطوله عن الكعبين خوفًا من الوعيد بالنار على ذلك، وكذلك السراويل. وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٥١).\n(^٢) الظُّفُر: شئ يشبه الظفر فى بياضه وصفائه وكثافته. النهاية ٣/ ١٥٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣١٩ من طريق سفيان به، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"4","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-730>جِماعُ أبوابِ الكَلامِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-731>بابُ ما يَجوزُ مِنَ الدُّعاءِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: لما رَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأْسَه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الأخيرَةِ مِن صلاةِ الصُّبحِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، وسَلَمَةَ بنَ هِشام، وعَيّاشَ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، والمُستَضعَفينَ بمَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأتَكَ على مُضَرَ، واجعَلْها عَلَيهِم سِنينَ كَسِنى يوسفَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَنَتَ فى الفَجرِ شَهرًا يَدعو على رِعْلٍ وذَكْوانَ، وقالَ: \"عُصَيَّةُ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سليمانَ التَّيمِىِّ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٩٣٩). وتقدم فى (٣١٢٨) من طريق ابن شهاب بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٠٠)، ومسلم (٦٧٥/. . .).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٥٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٥٢)، والنسائى (١٠٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٧٣) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٩٤)، ومسلم (٦٧٧/ ٢٩٩).","vol":"4","page":254},{"text":"٣٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، قالا: حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ علىٍّ، عن خُفافِ بنِ إيماءٍ الغِفارِىِّ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ بنى لِحيانَ ورِعْلًا وذَكوانَ، وعُصَيَّةَ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه، وغِفارُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لها، وأسلَمُ سالَمَها اللَّهُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الدّرابَجِرْدِىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، أنَّ عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قَنَتَ فى المَغرِبِ، فدَعا على ناسٍ وعَلَى أشياعِهِم، وقَنَتَ بَعدَ الركعةِ (^٤).\n\n٣٣٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣١٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٩/ ٣٠٧).\n(^٣) فى م: \"الدار بجردى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٤٣٦، ٤٦٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٧٦) من طريق سفيان به، وعنده عبد اللَّه بن معقل. بدل: عبد الرحمن بن معقل.","vol":"4","page":255},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ ابنِ الحسنِ، سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ مَعقِلٍ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- يَقنُتُ فى صلاةِ العَتَمَةِ -أو قال: المَغرِبِ- بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ، ويَدعو فى قُنوتِه على خَمسَةٍ وسَمّاهُم (^١).\n\n٣٣٧٠ - حدَّثَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ (^٢) بنُ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ماتى بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا قَبيصةُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إياسٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ -﵁- قال: إنِّى لأَدعو لِثَلاثينَ مِن إخوانِى وأَنا ساجِدٌ أُسَمِّيهِم بأَسمائِهِم وأَسماءِ آبائِهِم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-732>بابُ ما يَجوزُ مِن قراءةِ القُرآنِ والذِّكرِ فى الصَّلاةِ يُريدُ له جَوابًا أو تَنبيهًا</span>\n\n٣٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدالُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدَّثَنا شَريك، عن عِمرانَ بنِ ظَبيانَ، عن أبى تِحْيَى (^٤) يَعنِى حُكَيْمَ بنَ سَعدٍ قال: نادَى رجل مِنَ الغالينَ عَليًّا -﵁- وهو فى الصَّلاةِ صلاةِ الفَجرِ فقالَ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان فى المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٣٥ عن عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"المظفر\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى (٢٨٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٠٦٠). وأخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (١١٠١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨١٧٨) من طريق شعبة به وعندهما: \"السبعين\". قال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٨٤: منقطع.\n(^٤) فى س: \"يحيى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢١٠.","vol":"4","page":256},{"text":"الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ [الزمر: ٦٥]. فأَجابَه عَلِىٌّ -﵁- وهو فى الصَّلاةِ: ﴿فَاصْبِرْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَلَا يَسْتَخِفَّنَّكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُوقِنُونَ﴾ (^١) [الروم: ٦٠].\n\n٣٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ الصَّلتِ قال: دَخَلنا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فى المَسجِدِ والإِمامُ راكِع، فرَكَعَ عبدُ اللَّه فرَكَعنا معه، وجَعَلَ يَمشِى إلى الصَّفِّ ونَحنُ رُكوعٌ، فمَرَّ رجل فسَلَّمَ عليه فقالَ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ ورسولُه. فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: كان يُقالُ: مِن أشراطِ السّاعَةِ أن يُسَلِّمَ الرَّجُلُ على الرَّجُلِ بالمعرِفَةِ، وأَن تُتَّخَذَ المَساجِدُ طُرُقًا، وأَن يَتَّجِرَ الرَّجُلُ وامرأَتُه، وأَن تَغلُوَ الخَيلُ والنِّساءُ ثم يَرخُصنَ، ثم لا تَغلوَ إلى يَومِ القيامَةِ (^٢). هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وحَديثُ أبى بكرٍ مُختَصر.\nورُوِى عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بنَحوِه ورَفَعَ آخِرَه إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ-، يَزيدُ ويَنقُصُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٤٦ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٨٨٨٧) من طريق يحيى بن عبد الحميد به. والبغوى فى الجعديات (٢٣٨٧) من طريق ابن ظبيان به.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٣٩٣). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٤٤٦ من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الحاكم، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٧٠) من طريق طارق به.","vol":"4","page":257},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-733>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا نابَه شئٌ فى صَلاتِهِ</span>\n\n٣٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَهَبَ إلى بنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ ليُصلِحَ بَينَهُم، فكانَتِ الصَّلاةُ فجاءَ المُؤَذِّنُ إلى أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيق فقالَ: أتُصَلِّى لِلنّاسِ فأُقيمَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فصلَّى أبو بكرٍ. قال: فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والنّاسُ فى الصَّلاةِ، فتخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وقَفَ فى الصَّفِّ فصَفَّقَ النّاسُ، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ لا يَلتَفِتُ فى الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا أكثَرَ النّاسُ التَّصفيقَ التَفَتَ فرأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَشارَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنِ امكُثْ مَكانَكَ، فرَفَعَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- يَدَيه فحَمِدَ اللَّه على ما أمَرَه به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن ذَلِكَ، ثم استأْخَرَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- حَتَّى استَوَى فى الصَّفِّ، وتَقَدَّمَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى، ثم انصَرَفَ فقالَ: \"يا أبا بكر ما مَنَعَكَ أن تَثبُتَ إذ أمَرتُكَ؟ \". قال أبو بكرٍ: ما كان لابنِ أبى قُحافَةَ أن يُصَلِّىَ بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما لِى رأيتُكُم (^١) أكثَرتُمُ التَّصفيقَ؟ مَن نابَه شَئٌ فى صَلاِته فليُسَبِّحْ، فإِنَّه إذا سَبَّحَ التُفِتَ، وإِنَّما التَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أراكم\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٥٢٠)، والشافعى فى الأم ١/ ١٥٦، ١٧٤، ومالك ١/ ١٦٣، ومن =","vol":"4","page":258},{"text":"رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^١).\n\n٣٣٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَلَغَه أنَّ بنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ كأن بَينَهُم شَئٌ، فخَرَجَ يُصلِحُ بَينَهُم. وذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قالَ: فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ ما لَكُم إذا نابَكُم شَئٌ فى الصَّلاةِ أخَذتُم فى التَّصفيقِ؟ إنَّما التَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ، مَن نابَه شَئٌ فى صَلاِته فليقُلْ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، فإِنَّه لا يَسمَعُه أحَدٌ حينَ يقولُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، إلا التَفَتَ\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٣٧٥ - وأَخرَجاه أيضًا عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ عن أبيه إلا أنَّه قال: \"التَّصفيحُ\". بَدَلَ: \"التَّصفيقُ\". وقالَ سَهلٌ: التَّصفيحُ هو التَّصفيقُ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبى الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن\n_________\n= طريقة أحمد (٢٢٨٥٢)، وأبو داود (٩٤١)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨١٦)، وأبو داود (٩٤٢)، والنسائى (٧٨٣، ١١٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٣، ١٥١٧، ١٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٦١) من طريق أبى حازم به. وسيأتى فى (٣٩٢٤، ٥٣١٨).\n(^١) مسلم (٤٢١/ ١٠٢)، والبخارى (٦٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٧٨٣) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٣٤)، ومسلم (٤٢١/ ١٠٣).","vol":"4","page":259},{"text":"أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ. فذكَره ولَم يَذكُرْ قَوله: \"فإنَّه لا يَسمَعُه أحَدٌ\". إلى آخِرِ ما نَقَلنا (^١).\n\n٣٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"التَّسبيحُ فى الصَّلاةِ لِلرِّجالِ، والتَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ دونَ قَولِه: \"فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣). وقَد رواه الحُمَيدِىُّ وجَماعَة عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ فذَكَروا هَذِه اللَّفظَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٣٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"التَّسبيحُ لِلرِّجالِ، والتَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ، فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢١٨)، ومسلم (٤٢١/ ١٠٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٢٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٠٣)، ومسلم (٤٢٢/ ١٠٦).\n(^٤) الحميدى (٩٤٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى فى العلل ٨/ ٦٢ من طريق أحمد بن منصور به. وابن حبان (٢٢٦٣) من طريق عبد الرزاق به، دون ذكر: \"فى الصلاة\".","vol":"4","page":260},{"text":"٣٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلَمةَ ابنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"التَّسبيحُ للرِّجالِ، والتَّصفيق لِلنِّساءِ\". قالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: وقَد رأَيتُ رِجالًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يُسَبِّحونَ ويُشيرونَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٢).\nورواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عَنهُما وقالَ: \"فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٣٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قالَ: حمذا ما حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قال: وقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"التَّسبيحُ لِلقَومِ، والتَّصفيق للنِّساءِ، فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n٣٣٨٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرَ (^٦) أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٢٠٧) من طريق ابن وهب به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٢٢/ ١٠٦).\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ٨/ ٦١ عن هشيم ليس فيه: فى الصلاة.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٢٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٤٠٩٦)، وعنه أحمد (٨٢٠٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٢٢/. . .).\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"عمرو\". هو المثبت هو الصواب، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥٥.","vol":"4","page":261},{"text":"العُطارِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ محمدُ بنُ خازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"التَّسبيحُ لِلرِّجالِ، والتَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^١). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٣٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ. فذكَره بمثلِه. قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُه لإِبراهيمَ فقالَ: قَد كانَت أُمِّى تَفعَلُه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n٣٣٨٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرَّاءُ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سليمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا استُؤذِنَ على الرَّجُلِ وهو يُصَلِّى فإِذنُه التَّسبيحُ، وإِذا استُؤذِنَ على المَرأةِ وهِىَ تُصَلِّى فإِذنُها التَّصفيقُ\".\nوأَمّا الحَديثُ الذى رُوِى عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كانَت لِى ساعَةٌ مِنَ السَّحَرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٦٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٧٥٥٠)، والنسائى (١٢٠٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٢٢/ ١٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٤٨ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٢٢/ ١٠٧).","vol":"4","page":262},{"text":"أدخُلُ فيها على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فإِذَا كان فى صَلاةٍ سَبَّحَ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ إذنَه لِى. فهوَ حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فى إسنادِه ومَتنِه؛ فقيلَ: سَبَّحَ. وقيل: تَنَحنَحَ. ومَدارُه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَىٍّ الحَضرَمِىِّ (^١). قال البخارىُّ: فيه نَظَرٌ (^٢). وضَعَّفَه غَيرُه، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ عن رِوايَتِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو زكريا الحِنّائىُّ وأبو عِمرانَ التُّستَرِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ القَعقاعِ، عن الحارِثِ العُكْلِىِّ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَىٍّ قال: قال لِى عَلِىُّ -﵁-: كانَت لِى ساعَةٌ مِنَ السَّحَرِ أدخُلُ فيها على النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فإِن كان فى صَلاةٍ سَبَّحَ، فكانَ ذَلِكَ إذنَه لى فى الصَّلاةِ، وإِن لم يَكُنْ فى صَلاةٍ أذِنَ لِى (^٣). وَذكَر باقِىَ الحَديثِ.\nتابَعَه مُسَدَّدٌ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ فى التَّسبيحِ دونَ ذِكرِ الحارِثِ فى إسنادِهِ:\n\n٣٣٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسر، المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) هو عبد اللَّه بن نجى بن سلمة الحضرمى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٨٤، وثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٣٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢١٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥١٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٥٥. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٤٥٦: صدوق.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٥٠٠) من طريق محمد بن عبيد وغيره به. وأحمد (٥٧٠) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به.","vol":"4","page":263},{"text":"عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَىٍّ قال: قال عَلِىُّ -﵁-: كانَت لِى ساعَةٌ مِنَ السَّحَرِ أدخُلُ فيها على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فإِن كان فى صَلاةٍ سَبَّحَ، وكانَ فى ذَلِكَ إذنُه، وإِن كان فى غَيرِ صَلاةٍ أذِنَ لِى (^١). لم يَذكُرْ مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ فى إسنادِه الحارِثَ العُكْلِىَّ، ووافَقَ الأوَّلَ فى التَّسبيحِ.\n\n٣٣٨٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ ابنُ زيادٍ. فذكَره وذكَر فى إسنادِه الحارِثَ العُكلِىَّ، إلا أنَّه قال فى مَتنِه: فإِن كان فى صَلاةٍ تنَحنَحَ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ إذنَه (^٢).\n\n٣٣٨٦ - ورواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَىٍّ فى التَّنَحنُحِ دونَ ذِكرِ أبى زُرعَةَ فى إسنادِهِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الحِبَرِىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسَّانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ٣/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٥٠٠)، والبزار (٨٨٢) من طريق أبى كامل به، وعند النسائى: \"سبح\" بدل: \"تنحنح\". وقال ابن حجر فى التلخيص ١/ ٢٨٣: قال يحيى بن معين: لم يسمعه عبد اللَّه من على، بينه وبين على أبوه.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الجيزى\". وهو خطأ، وتقدم فى (٢٦٤٢)، وسيأتى فى (٣٧٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٣٦، ٨٥٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٠٨) من طريق ابن عياش به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٨١٠).","vol":"4","page":264},{"text":"ورواه شُرَحبيلُ بنُ مُدرِكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى التَّسبيحِ، وزادَ فيه: عن أبيهِ (^١). وكَيفَما كان فعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُجَىٍّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-734>بابُ ما لا يَجوزُ مِنَ الكَلامِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، جَميعًا عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ شُبَيلٍ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ -﵁- قال: كان أحَدُنا يُكَلِّمُ -يَعنِى صاحِبَه إلى جَنبِه- فى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى نزلَت: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨]. فأُمِرنا بالسُّكوتِ ونُهينا عن الكَلامِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ. وقالَ: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ شُبَيلٍ. وفِى حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ، عن إسماعيلَ: حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ شُبَيلٍ. وقالَ فى مَتنِه: كُنّا نَتَكَلَّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ، يُكَلِّمُ أحَدُنا أخاه فى حاجَتِه، حتَّى نَزَلَت: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾. فأُمِرنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٤٧)، والنسائى (١٢١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٠٢) من طريق شرحبيل به، وعندهم: تنحنح. وقال النسائى عقب (٨٥٠٢): خالفه شرحبيل بن مدرك فى إسناده، ووافقه على قوله: تنحنح. وضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٦٠).","vol":"4","page":265},{"text":"بالسكوتِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٣٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ رَشَدِ بنِ خُثَيمٍ الكوفِىُّ بواسِطٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نُسَلِّمُ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ فيَرُدُّ عَلَينا، فلَمَّا رَجَعْنا مِن عِندِ النَّجاشِىِّ سَلَّمنا عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَينا فقُلنا: يارسولَ اللَّهِ كُنّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيكَ فى الصَّلاةِ فتَرُدُّ عَلَينا؟ قال: \"إنَّ فى الصَّلاةِ شُغْلًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ فُضَيلٍ، وفِى حَديثِ أبى بَدرٍ شُجاعِ بنِ الوَليدِ: فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كُنتَ تَرُدُّ عَلَينا، ما لَكَ اليَومَ لم تَرُدُّ عَلَينا؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ فى الصَّلاةِ شُغْلًا\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نُمَيرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٥٠)، والترمذى (٤٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٦) من طريق هشيم به. وابن حبان (٢٢٤٦) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٩٢٧٨)، والنسائى (١٢١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٦) من طريق يحيى بن معيد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٧، ١٠٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٦)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٣٤)، ومسلم (٥٣٩/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٥٣)، والسنن الصغرى (٩٢٣) عن أبى علىٍّ وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٦٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٥) من طريق ابن فضيل به.","vol":"4","page":266},{"text":"أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^١).\n\n٣٣٨٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فأَخَذَنِى ما قَدُمَ وما حَدُثَ (^٢) فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أحدَثَ شَئٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُحدِثُ لِنَبيِّه مِن أمرِه ما شاءَ، وإِنَّ ممَّا أحدَثَ ألَّا تَكَلَّموا فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا زائدَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: كُنّا نَتَكَلَّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ ويُسَلِّمُ بَعضُنا على بَعضٍ، ويُوصِى أحَدُنا بالحاجَةِ. قال: فجِئتُ ذاتَ يَومٍ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ، فأَخَذَنِى ما قَدُمَ وما حَدُثَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ قالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُحدِثُ مِن أمرِه ما يَشاءُ، وإِنَّه قَد أحدَثَ ألَّا تَكَلَّموا فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٣٣٩١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١١٩٩)، ومسلم (٥٣٨/ ٣٤).\n(^٢) ما قدُم وما حدُث: معناه: الحزن والكآبة: يريد أنه قد عاوده قديم الأحزان واتصل بحديثها. معالم السنن ١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٠٠)، والطيالسى (٢٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤١٧) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٩٢٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٣) من طريق عاصم به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٢٢).\n(^٤) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٤٥) من طريق زائدة به.","vol":"4","page":267},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ شِنْظِيرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أرسَلَنِى النبىُّ -ﷺ- فى حاجَةٍ له، فجِئتُ وقَد قَضَيتُها، فسَلَّمتُ عليه وهو يُصَلِّى فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ.\n\n٣٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ يَعنى أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءِ بنِ (^١) السِّندِىِّ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى كَثيرُ بنُ شِنْظِيرٍ، حدَّثَنا عَطاءٌ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أرسَلَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حاجَةٍ، فانطَلَقتُ ثم رَجَعتُ وقَد قَضَيتُها، فأَتَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فوَقَعَ فى قَلبِى ما اللَّهُ أعلَمُ به، فقُلتُ فى نَفسِى: لعلّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وجَدَ عَلَىَّ أننى (^٢) أبطأْتُ عليه. ثم سَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فوَقَعَ فى نَفسِى أشَدُّ مِنَ المَرَّةِ الأولَى، ثم سَلَّمتُ عليه فرَدَّ عَلَىَّ فقالَ: \"أما إنَّه لم يَمنَعْنِى أن أرُدَّ عَلَيكَ إلا أنِّى كُنتُ أُصَلِّى\". وكانَ على راحِلَتِه مُتَوَجِّهًا لِغَيرِ القِبلَةِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤٩٢.\n(^٢) فى س: \" أنى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٨٣) عن عبد الصمد به. وأحمد (١٥١٦٦)، ومسلم (٥٤٠/ ٣٨) من طريق كثير ابن شنظير به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢١٧)، ومسلم (٥٤٠/. . .).","vol":"4","page":268},{"text":"٣٣٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حِمْيَرٍ (^١)، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ الحَكَمِ السَّلَمِىُّ قال: بَينا أنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ إذ عَطَسَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّه. فحَدَّقَنِى القَومُ بأَبصارِهِم، فقُلتُ: واثُكلَ أُمِّياه! ما لَكُم تَنظُرونَ إلىَّ؟ قال: فضَرَبوا بأَيديهِم على أفخاذِهِم. قال: فلَمّا رأَيتُهُم يُسَكِّتونِى، لَكِنِّى سَكَتُّ (^٢). قال: فلَمّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الصَّلاةِ دَعانِى -فبِأَبِى وأُمِّى- رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ما رأَيتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَبلَه ولا بَعدَه أحسَنَ تَعليمًا مِنه، واللَّهِ ما كَهَرَنِى (^٣) ولا ضرَبَنِى ولا سَبَّنِى قال: \"إنَّ صَلَاتنا هَذِه لا يَصلُحُ فيها شَئٌ مِن كَلامِ النّاسِ، إنَّما هو التَّكبيرُ والتَّسبيحُ وتِلاوَةُ القُرآنِ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٥).\n\n٣٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ النَّسائىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"خمير\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٢٣٤، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٢) قال العينى: جواب \"لما\" محذوف تقديره: ما خالفتهم بل سكت. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٤/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) أى: لم يتجهمنى ولا أغلظ على فى القول، وقيل: الكهر: الانتهار. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠١٨)، والقراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩١). وأخرجه النسائى (١٢١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٧) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وأحمد (٢٣٧٦٢)، وأبو داود (٩٣٠) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٣٧/. . .).","vol":"4","page":269},{"text":"حدَّثَنا فُلَيحٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: لما قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَلِمتُ أُمورًا مِن أُمورِ الإِسلامِ، فكانَ فيما عَلِمتُ أن قيلَ لِى: إذا عَطَستَ فاحمَدِ اللَّهَ، وإِذا عَطَسَ العاطِسُ فحَمِدَ اللَّه فقُلْ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّه. قال: فبَينا أنا قائمٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ إذ عَطَسَ رجلٌ فحَمِدَ القَهَ فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّه. رافِعًا بها صَوتِى، فرَمانِى النَّاسُ بأَبصارِهِم حَتَّى احتَمَلَنِى ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ: ما لَكُم تَنظُرونَ إلىَّ بأَعيُنٍ شُزْرٍ (^١)؟ قال: فسَبَّحوا، فلَمّا قَضَى النبىُّ -ﷺ- الصَّلاةَ قال: \"مَنِ المُتَكَلِّمُ؟ \". قيلَ: هذا الأعرابِىُّ. فدَعانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّما الصَّلاةُ لِقراءةِ القُرآنِ وذِكرِ اللَّهِ، فإِذا كُنتَ فيها فليَكُنْ ذَلِكَ شأْنَكَ\". فما رأَيتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَطُّ أرفَقَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-735>بابُ مَن تَكَلَّمَ جاهِلًا بتَحريمِ الكَلامِ</span>\n\n٣٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّه إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبَّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: قُلتُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: إنّا كُنّا\n_________\n(^١) شزر؛ جمع شزر، وهو النظر عن اليمن والشمال، وقيل: هو النظر بمؤخر العين، وأكثر ما يكون فى حال الغضب وإلى الأعداء. عون المعبود ١/ ٣٥١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٣١). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٩٦).","vol":"4","page":270},{"text":"حَديثَ عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّةٍ، فجاءَ اللَّهُ بالإِسلامِ، وإِنَّ رِجالًا مِنّا يَتَطَيَّرونَ؟ قال: \"ذَلِكَ شَئٌ يَجِدونَه فى صُدورِهِم فلا يَصُدَّنَّهُم\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه ورِجالٌ مِنّا يأْتونَ الكَهَنَةَ؟ قال: \"فلا يأْتوهُم\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ورِجالٌ مِنْا يَخُطّونَ (^١)؟ قال: \"كان نَبِىٌّ مِنَ الأنبياءِ يَخُطُّ، فمَن وافَقَ خَطَّه فذاكَ\". قال: وبَينا أنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ إذ عَطَسَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ. فحَدَّقَنِى القَومُ بأَبصارِهِم. قال: فقُلتُ: واثُكلَ أُمِّياه! ما لَكُم تَنظُرونَ إلَىَّ؟ فضَرَبَ القَومُ بأَيديهِم على أفخاذِهِم، فلَمّا رأَيتُهُم يُسَكِّتونِى، لَكِنِّى سَكَتُّ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَعانى، فبِأَبِى هو وأُمِّى، ما رأَيتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَبلَه ولا بَعدَه أحسَنَ تَعليمًا مِنه، واللَّهِ ما ضَرَبَنِى ولا كَهَرَنِى ولا سَبَّنِى فقالَ: \"إنَّ صَلاتَنا هَذِه لا يَصلُحُ فيها شَئٌ مِن كَلامِ النّاسِ، وإِنَّما هِىَ التَّسبيحُ والتَّكبيرُ وتِلاوَةُ القُرآنِ\" (^٢). وذكَر باقِىَ الحَديثِ.\n\n٣٣٩٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: إنّا كُنّا حَديثَ عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّةٍ فجاءَ اللَّهُ بالإِسلامِ. وإِنَّما قال: أتَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: إنَّ رِجالًا مِنّا. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) يخطُّون؛ من الخطِّ، والخطُّ هو علم الرَّمْل. ينظر تاج العروس ١٩/ ٢٥٤ (خ ط ط).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٣٩٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٣٧/ ٣٣).","vol":"4","page":271},{"text":"٣٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ وأَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: صلَّيتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فعَطَسَ رجلٌ إلَى جَنبِى فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّه. فرَمانِى القَومُ بأَبصارِهِم فقُلتُ: واثُكلَ أُمِّياه، ما لِى أراكُم تَنظُرونَ إلَىَّ وأَنا أُصَلِّى؟ فجَعَلوا يَضرِبونَ بأَيديهِم على أفخاذِهِم يُصمِّتونِى، فلَمّا قَضى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الصَّلاةَ، فبِأَبِى وأُمِّى ما رأَيتُ قَبلَه ولا بَعدَه أحسَنَ تَعليمًا مِنه، واللَّهِ ما كَهَرَنِى ولا سَبَّنِى ولا ضَرَبَنِى، ولَكِنَّه قال: \"إنَّ صَلَاتَنا هَذِه لا يَصلُحُ فيها شَئٌ مِن كَلامِ النّاسِ، إنَّما هو الصَّلاةُ والتَّسبيحُ والتَّحميدُ وقراءةُ القُرآنِ\" (^١). أو كالَّذِى قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ثم ذكَر ما ذكَر الأوزاعِىُّ مِنَ التَّطَيُّرِ وغَيرِهِ. قالَ الشافعىُّ ﵀: ولَم يُحكَ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَه بإِعادِةٍ، وحُكِىَ أنَّه تَكَلَّمَ وهو جاهِلٌ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-736>بابُ مَن سَلَّمَ أو تَكَلَّمَ مُخطِئًا أو ناسيًا</span>\n\n٣٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الهَمَذانِىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ؛ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٦٦) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ١٢٥.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الهمدانى\". وتقدم فى (٣٢٤، ١١٠٩، ١٢٩٠، ٢٥٥٩).","vol":"4","page":272},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ، فقالَ له ذو اليَدَينِ: أقُصِرَتِ (^١) الصَّلاةُ يا رسولَ اللَّه أو نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأصحابِه: \"أحَقٌّ ما يَقولُ ذو اليدين؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ أُخراوَينِ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ. قال سَعدٌ: ورأَيتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ صَلَّى مِنَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ وسَلَّمَ، فتَكَلَّمَ ثم صَلَّى ما بَقِىَ فقالَ: هَكَذا فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى سلمةَ (^٣).\nوتَمامُ هَذِه المَسأَلَةِ يَرِدُ فى بابِ السُّجُودِ إنَّ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-737>بابُ مَن بَكى فى صَلاتِه فلَم يَظهَرْ مِن صَوتِه ما يَكونُ كَلامًا له هِجاءٌ</span>\n\n٣٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زكريا (^٤) يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العنبرىُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن حجر: بضم القاف وكسر المهملة على البناء للمفعول، أى أن اللَّه قصرها، وبفتح ثم ضم على البناء للفاعل. أى: صارت قصيرة. فتح البارى ٣/ ١٠٠.\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٣٩٦٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٢٧)، ومسلم (٥٧٣/. . .).\n(^٤) فى م: \"بكر\". وتقدم فى (٦٢٧، ٢٧٤٩) وغيرها، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٣٣.","vol":"4","page":273},{"text":"عن عائِشَةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنَّاسِ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ أبا بكرٍ إذا قامَ فى مَقامِكَ لم يُسمِعِ النّاسَ مِنَ البُكاءِ، فمُرْ عمرَ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ. قال: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ لِلنَّاسِ\". قالَت عائشَةُ: فقُلتُ لِحَفصَةَ: قولِى له: إنَّ أبا بكر إذا قامَ فى مَقامِكَ لم يُسمِعِ النّاسَ مِنَ البُكاءِ، فمُرْ عمرَ فليُصَلِّ لِلنّاسِ. ففَعَلَت حَفصَةُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكُنَّ لأنتُنَّ صَواحِبُ يوسُفَ (^١)، مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنَّاسِ\". فقالَت حَفصَةُ لِعائشَةَ: ما كُنتُ لأُصيبَ مِنكِ خَيرًا (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ سليمانَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حمزة بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: لما اشتَدَّ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وجَعه قال: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رجلٌ رَقيقٌ، إذا قامَ فى مَقامِكَ لم يُسمِعِ النّاسَ مِنَ البُكاءِ. فقالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) قال الإمام النووى: أى فى التظاهر على ما تردن وكثرة إلحاحكن فى طلب ما تردنه وتملن إليه. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٤/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٧٠، ومن طريقه الترمذى (٣٦٧٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٢٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٤٧)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠١) من طريق هشام بن عروة به. وسيأتى فى (٣٧٠٤)، ومن حديث أبى موسى (٥١٣٣، ٥١٣٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٩، ٧١٦)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٧) ولفظه بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":274},{"text":"فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فعاوَدَته مِثلَ مَقالَتِها فقالَ: \"أنتُنَّ صَواحِباتُ يوسُفَ، مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ الجُعفِىِّ (^٢). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حَمزَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- وقالَت فى الحديث: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رجلٌ رَقيقٌ، إذا قرأَ القُرآنَ لا يَملِكُ دَمعَه (^٣).\n\n٣٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصلِّى وفِى صَدرِه أزيزٌ (^٥) كأَزيزِ الرَّحَى مِنَ البُكاءِ (^٦).\n\n٣٤٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٧٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٧٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٨٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٤).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"البزار\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدم فى (٢٠٦٨)، وسيأتى فى (٤٣١٥، ٥٠٨٦، ٧٨٠٩، ١٠٥٨٧) وغيرها. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١٩٢. ووقع فى تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٤٣٢: البزار. بالراء المهملة، وفى أثناء الترجمة البزاز. بالزاى.\n(^٥) أزيز: يعنى غليان جوفه بالبكاء، والأصل فى الأزيز الالتهاب والحركة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٦) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٧٤)، والدلائل ١/ ٣٥٧، والحاكم ١/ ٢٦٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣١٢)، وأبو داود (٩٠٤)، وابن حبان (٧٥٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وعند أحمد وابن حبان: \"كأزيز المرجل\". وهو اللفظ الآتى.","vol":"4","page":275},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا حَمادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه إلا أنَّه قال: ولجَوفِه أزيزٌ كأزيزِ المِرجَلِ (^١).\n\n٣٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وقّاصٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يَقرأُ فى العَتَمَةِ بسورَةِ \"يوسُفَ\" وأَنا فى مُؤَخَّرِ الصُّفوفِ حَتَّى إذا جاءَ ذِكرُ يوسُفَ سَمِعتُ نَشيجَه فى مُؤَخَّرِ الصَّفِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-738>بابُ مَن تَبَسَّمَ فى صَلاتِه أو ضَحِكَ فيها</span>\n\n٣٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحَّامُ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: التَّبَسُّمُ لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ، ولَكِنِ القَرقَرَةُ (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\nوقَد رَفَعَه ثابِتُ بنُ محمدٍ الزّاهِدُ وهو وهمٌ مِنه:\n_________\n(^١) ابن المبارك فى الزهد (١٠٩)، ومن طريقه النسائى (١٢١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٠٠)، وابن حبان (٦٦٥) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٥٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٠٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٨٣، ٣٦٥٤٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"القهقهة\". والقرقرة: الضحك الشديد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٣٣.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٧٧٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٩١٨)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٤ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"4","page":276},{"text":"٣٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى الزّاهِدَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ الكَشْرُ (^١)، ولَكِن يَقطَعُها القَرقَرَةُ\" (^٢).\nوقَد روِى فى التَّبَسُّمِ فى الصَّلاةِ حَديثٌ آخَرُ لا يُحتَجُّ بأَمثالِه:\n\n٣٤٠٦ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، أخبرَنا عمرٌو النّاقِدُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ ابنُ ثابِتٍ الجَزَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوازِعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةٍ إذ تَبَسَّمَ فى صَلاتِه، فلمَّا قَضَى صَلاتَه قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ رأَيناكَ تَبَسَّمتَ. قال: \"مَرَّ بى ميكائيلُ وعَلَى جَناحِه أثَرُ غُبارٍ وهو راجِعٌ مِن طَلَبِ القَومِ فضَحِكَ إلىَّ فتَبَسَّمتُ إلَيه\" (^٣).\nالوازِعُ بنُ نافِعِ العُقَيلِىُّ الجَزَرِىُّ تَكَلَّموا فيهِ (^٤). وقَد حَكاه الواقِدِىُّ فى \"المغازى\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الكشر: ظهور الأسنان عند التبسم. فتح البارى ١/ ١٧٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الصغير (١٠٠٤)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٥٢٣ من طريق أحمد بن مهدى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٩١: عن ثابت: صدوق يغلط.\n(^٣) ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٥٦، وأبو يعلى (٢٠٦٠). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٧٥ من طريق على بن ثابت به.\n(^٤) هو الوازع بن نافع العقيلى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٨٣، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣٩، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٤/ ٣٣٠، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ٨٣. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٦٩١: هالك.\n(^٥) المغازى ١/ ١١٣.","vol":"4","page":277},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، فى مَن ضَحِكَ فى الصَّلاةِ: يُعيدُ الصَّلاةَ ولا يُعيدُ الوُضوءَ. ورُوّينا عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ أنَّه قالَ فى قِصَّةٍ مَحكيَّةٍ عنه: مَن كان ضَحِكَ مِنكُم فليُعِدِ الصَّلاةَ (^١). ويُذكَرُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-739>بابُ ما جاءَ فى النَّفخِ فى مَوضِعِ السُّجودِ</span>\n\n٣٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرٍو قالَ: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر صَلاةَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: ثم نَفَخَ فى آخِرِ سُجودِه فقالَ: \"أُفٍّ أُفٍّ\". ثم قال: \"رَبِّ ألَم تَعِدْنِى ألا تُعَذِّبَهُم وأنا فيهِم؟ ألَم تَعِدْنِى ألَّا تُعَذِّبَهُم وهُم يَستَغفِرونَ؟ \". ففَرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن صَلاتِه وقَد أمحَصَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ هذا نَفخًا يُشبِهُ الغَطيطَ (^٣)، وذَلِكَ لما عُرِضَ عليه مِن تَعذيبِ بَعضِ مَن وجَبَ عليه العَذابُ، فلَيسَ غَيرُه فى التّأْفيفِ فى الصَّلاةِ كَهوَ، بأَبِى هو وأُمِّى -ﷺ-، كما لم يَكُنْ كَهوَ فى رُؤيَةِ ما رأَى مِن تَعذيبِهِم.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٨٤).\n(^٢) أمحصت الشمس: ظهرت من الكسوف وانجلت. النهاية ٤/ ٣٠٢.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (١١٩٤). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٧) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٠٥٥).\n(^٣) الغطيط: الصوت الذى يخرج مع نفس النائم، وهو ترديده حيث لا يجد مساغًا. النهاية ٣/ ٣٧٢.","vol":"4","page":278},{"text":"وقَد رواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن عَطاءٍ فقالَ: وجَعَلَ يَنفُخُ فى آخِرِ سُجودِه مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ ويَبكِى. ولَم يَذكُرِ التّأْفيفَ (^١). ورواه أبو إسحاقَ عن السّائبِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو فذكَر النَّفخَ دونَ التّأْفيفِ (^٢).\nوزَعَمَ أبو سليمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ ﵀ أنَّ قَولَه: \"أُفٍّ\". لا يَكونُ كَلامًا حَتَّى يُشَدِّدَ الفاءَ فتَكونَ ثَلاثَةَ أحرُفٍ مِنَ التّأْفيفِ، قال: والنّافِخُ لا يُخرِجُ الفاءَ فى نَفخِه مُشَدَّدَةً ولا يَكادُ يُخرِجُها فاءً صادِقَةً مِن مَخرَجِها (^٣).\n\n٣٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ الأزدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ قال: كُنتُ عندَ أُمِّ سلمةَ فدَخَلَ عَلَيها ذو قَرابَةٍ لَها شابٌّ ذو جُمَّةٍ، فقامَ يُصلِّى ويَنفُخُ فقالَت؟ يا بُنَىَّ لا تَنفُخْ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لِعَبدٍ لَنا أسوَدَ: \"أى رَباحُ تَرِّبْ وجهَكَ\" (^٤).\nوهَكَذا رواه جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ نَحوَ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ وغَيرِه عن مَيمونٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٨١) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٤٠١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٩٢: قد يُسْمَع من المصلى حرفان فتبطل صلاته مثل أن يقول: قف، وصم. . . وقد يسمع منه حرفان لا تعد فى العرف كلاما، ولا يعد هو بها متكلمًا كمن سعد. . . وكأنين الشيخ إذا أخفاه. . . فهذا ونحوه لا يبطل، ومن تعمق فى هذا وقع فى الوسواس ولا بد.\n(^٣) معالم السنن ١/ ٢٥٩. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٩٢: قال ابن الصلاح: لا يستقيم هذا؛ لأن حرفين عندنا كلام مبطل للصلاة، أفهم أو لم يُفْهِم.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"4","page":279},{"text":"أبى حَمزَةَ (^١)، ولَم أكتُبْه مِن حَديثِ غَيرِه، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\nورُوِى فيه حَديثٌ آخَرُ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣)، وهو ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\n\n٣٤٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَضرِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يَخشَى أن يَكونَ كَلامًا. يَعنى النَّفخَ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: والنَّفخُ لا يَكونُ كَلامًا إلا إذا بانَ مِنه كَلامٌ له هِجاءٌ، وأمّا إذا لم يُفهَمْ مِنه كَلامٌ له هِجاءٌ فلا يَكونُ كَلامًا.\n\n٣٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ الأبرَشُ قال: حدَّثَنى أيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ قال: قُلتُ لِقُدامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عَمّارٍ الكِلابِىِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: إنا نَتأَذَّى بريشِ الحَمامِ فى مَسجِدِ الحَرامِ إذا سَجَدنا. فقالَ: انفُخوا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٤٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة. والترمذى (٣٨١) من طريق عباد بن العوام. وفى (٣٨٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد، ثلاثتهم عن أبى حمزة به. وقال الترمذى: حديث أم سلمة إسناده ليس بذاك.\n(^٢) هو ميمون أبو حمزة الأعور القصاب. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٤٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ٥، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٩٢: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٤٨٧٠)، وفى الأوسط (١٤٨٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٠١٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦٦٠١) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه.\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (١٩٥).","vol":"4","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-740>بابُ مَن تَصَفَّحَ فى صَلاتِه كِتابًا ففَهِمَه أو قَرأَه</span>\n\n٣٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّه بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ والحارِثُ بنُ نَبهانَ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختِيانِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّها كان يَؤُمُّها غُلامُها ذَكوانُ فى المُصحَفِ فى رَمَضانَ. إلا أنَّ الحارِثَ قال فى الحديثِ: عن أيّوبَ عن القاسِمِ عن عائشَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-741>بابُ مَن عَدَّ الآىَ فى صَلاتِه أو عَقَدَها، ولَم يَتَلَفَّظْ بما يَكونُ كَلامًا</span>\n\n٣٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعقِدُ التَّسبيحَ (^٢).\n\n٣٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ قُدامَةَ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عَثّامٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٣٠٣). ومن طريقه ابن أبى داود فى المصاحف ص ١٩٢ بدون ذكر الحارث بن نبهان. وعلقه البخارى عقب (٦٩٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٥٤٧. وقال الذهبى: صحيح. وتقدم فى (٣٠٦٩) من طريق أخرى عن عطاء.","vol":"4","page":281},{"text":"ابنِ عمرٍو قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعقِدُ التَّسبيحَ. قال ابنُ قُدامَةَ: بيَمينِهِ (^١).\n\n٣٤١٤ - قال الشيخُ: ورواه ابنُ الباغَندِىِّ، عن أبى الأشعَثِ أحمدَ بنِ المِقدامِ العِجلِىِّ، عن عَثّامٍ، وقالَ فى الحديث: يَعقِدُ التَّسبيحَ فى الصَّلاةِ. ذكَره شَيخٌ لَنا بِخُسْروجِردَ يُعرَفُ بأَبِى الحسنِ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ علىٍّ، صَحيحُ السَّماعِ، عن الشيخِ أبى بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىِّ فى \"أماليه\" لِحَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن ابنِ الباغَندِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٤١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الخُسْروجِردِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ مُطَيَّنٌ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ فُدَيكٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّه كان يَعُدُّ الآىَ فى الصَّلاةِ ويَعقِدُ (^٣). مِن قَولِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ.\n\n٣٤١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ ابنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ مُطَيَّنٌ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ الفُدَيكِ، حدَّثَنى الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّه كان يَعُدُّ الآىَ فى الصَّلاةِ ويَعقِدُ (^٤).\n\n٣٤١٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدَّثَنى الأعمَشُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٠٢). وينظر ما تقدم فى (٣٠٦٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٨٤٣) من طريق أحمد بن المقدام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٩٣٥) من طريق عطاء به بنحوه.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٩٢٦، ٤٩٣٣).","vol":"4","page":282},{"text":"أنَّه كان يَعُدُّ الآىَ فى الصَّلاةِ ويَعقِدُ (^١).\n\n٣٤١٨ - أَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، أو سُفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: رأَيتُ يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ وثّابٍ يَعُدُّ الآىَ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-742>بابُ مَن أحدَثَ فى صَلاتِه قَبلَ الإِحلالِ مِنها بالتَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٣٤١٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنا الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، رَفَعَه إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الطُّهورُ، وإِحرامُها التَّكبيرُ، وإِحلالُها التَّسليمُ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، يَعنِى: شُكِىَ إلَيه الرَّجُلُ يَجِدُ فى صَلاتِه شَيئًا قال: \"لا يَنصَرِفْ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٩٢٩) من طريق هشام بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٩٣٠) عن أبى معاوية عن الأعمش به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٥٣٩). وتقدم فى (٢٢٩٣، ٣٠٠٤).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٥٦٠، ٧٦٤).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٧٧)، ومسلم (٣٦١).","vol":"4","page":283},{"text":"٣٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أشكَلَ على أحَدِكُم فى صَلاِته خَرَجَ مِنه شئٌ أو لم يَخرُجْ، فلا يَنفَتِلْ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^١).\n\n٣٤٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم فى الصَّلاةِ فوَجَدَ حَرَكَةً فى دُبُرِه، أحدَثَ أو لم يُحدِثْ، فأشكَلَ عليه، فلا يَنصرِفْ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^٢).\nوفِى هذا دَليلٌ على أنَّه يَنصَرِفُ إذا سمِع صوتًا أو وجَدَ ريحًا، لا فرقَ فيه بَينَ عَمدِه وسَهوِه وسَبقِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكهىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ محمدِ، عن ثَورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّيطانَ يأتِى أحَدَكُم فيَنقُرُ عندَ عِجازِه (^٣)، فلا يَخرُجَنَّ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا أو يَفعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٥٧٥) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٧٧). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٦٣).\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، والمهذب ٢/ ٦٩٤، وفى مصدر التخريج: \"عجاله\".","vol":"4","page":284},{"text":"ذَلِكَ مُتَعَمِّدًا\" (^١).\n\n٣٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ علىٍّ الغَزّالُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ ابنِ شَقيقٍ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أحدَثَ أحَدُكُم وهو فى الصَّلاةِ فليَضَعْ يَدَه على أنفِه ثم ليَنصَرِفْ\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه على وصلِه حَجِّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن هِشامٍ، وعُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ المُقَدِّمِىُّ عن هِشَامٍ، وجُبارَةُ بنِ مُغَلِّسٍ عن عبد اللَّهِ بن المُبارَكِ عن هِشامٍ (^٣). ورواه الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَهُ وزائدَةُ وابنُ المُبأرَكِ وشُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ وَعَبْدَةُ (^٤) بنُ سليمانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٥). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: وهَذا أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ الفَضلِ بنِ موسَى (^٦).\n\n٣٤٢٥ - قال الشَيخُ: ورواه نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ عن الفَضلِ بنِ موسَى هَكَذا\n_________\n= والعِجَان: ما بين الدبر والأنثيين. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥٢٦.\n(^١) حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (٥٩). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٩٤: الجارى ضعيف. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٩٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٣٩) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١١١٤) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٩٨٥).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"عبيدة\"، وفى المهذب ٢/ ٦٩٤: دون نسبة. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٥٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٣٢) عن الثورى به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٤/ ١٦٠.\n(^٦) العلل الكبير ص ٩٩.","vol":"4","page":285},{"text":"مَوصولًا، إلا أنه قال فى مَتنِه: \"إذا أحدَثَ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاِتِه فليأخُذْ على أنفِه، ولينصَرِفْ فليتَوَضَّأْ\". أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريك، حدَّثَنا نُعَيمٌ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوّينا فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا تُقبَلْ صَلاةُ أحَدِكُم إذا أحدَثَ حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَلاةَ بغَيرِ طُهورٍ، ولا تُقبَلُ صَدَقَةٌ مِن غُلولٍ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم مِن حَديثِ سِماكٍ (^٤).\nفثَبَتَ بهَذِه الأخبارِ وُجوبُ الانصرافِ عن الصَّلاةِ عندَ الحَدَثِ، ووُجوبُ الوُضوءِ، وقَد قال فيما رُوّينا عنه: \"إحرامُها التَّكبيرُ\" (^٥). فلا يَعودُ إلَيها إلا باستِئنافِ تَكبيرٍ، وفى ذَلِكَ كالدِّلالَةِ على استِئنافِ الصَّلاةِ.\n\n٣٤٢٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٨ من طريق عبد بن شريك به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٥٧٣).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٨٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٢٤).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٢٩٣، ٣٠٠١، وعقب ٣٠٩٩)، وسيأتى فى (٤٠٢٩، ٤٠٣٠).","vol":"4","page":286},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عيسَى بنِ حِطّانَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ طَلقٍ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا فسا أحَدُكُم فى الصَّلاةِ فليَنصَرِفْ فليَتَوَضّأْ، وليُعِدْ صَلاتَه\" (^١).\nوهَذا يُصَرِّحُ بإِعادَةِ الصَّلاةِ. وبِه قالَ المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ منَ الصَّحابَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-743>بابُ مَن قال: يَبنِى مَن سَبَقَه الحَدَثُ على ما مَضَى مِن صَلاتِهِ</span>\n\n٣٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ السَّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قراءةً عليه وأَنا أسمَعُ، أنَّ داودَ بنَ رُشَيدٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبيهِ. وعَن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا قاءَ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه أو قَلَسَ (^٣) فليَنصَرِفْ فليَتَوَضّأْ، ثم ليَبنِ على ما مَضَى مِن صَلاتِه ما لم يَتَكَلَّمْ\". قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فإِن تَكَلَّمَ استأنَفَ (^٤).\nورواه جَماعَةٌ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبيه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا. وعَنه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ مَوصولًا.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٦)، والمعرفة (١٠٢٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٥، ١٠٠٥) وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٢٦)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٧) من طريق جرير به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٥، ٢١٤).\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٣٤٤١).\n(^٣) قَلَس من القَلْس: بفتح القاف وسكون اللام: ما يخرج من الحلق من الماء ورقيق القئ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٥.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٣.","vol":"4","page":287},{"text":"٣٤٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن رَعَفَ فى صَلاتِه فليَنصَرِفْ فليَتَوَضّأْ، ثم ليَبْنِ على ما صَلَّى\".\nوهَذا الحَديثُ أحَدُ ما أُنكِرَ على إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ. والمَحفوظُ ما رواه الجماعَةُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبيه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مرسَلًا. كَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارىُّ وأبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ وعَبدُ الرزاقِ وعَبدُ الوَهّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ وغَيرُهُم عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- فإِنَّما يَرويه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\nوسُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ مَتروكٌ (^٣)، وما يَرويه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ عن غَيرِ أهلِ الشّامِ ضَعيفٌ لا يوثَقُ بهِ (^٤).\nورُوِى عن إسماعيلَ عن عَبّادِ بنِ كَثيرٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٥). وعَبّادٌ وعَطاءٌ (^٦) هَذانِ ضعيفانِ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ينظر سنن الدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٤.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٦٧٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٩٣).\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٤٢٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٥ من طريق عباد بن كثير وعطاء بن عجلان به.\n(^٦) عباد: هو ابن كثير الثقفى البصرى، سكن مكة. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٨٤، =","vol":"4","page":288},{"text":"٣٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ وحَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ الجُمَحِىُّ ومالِكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ واللِّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا رَعَفَ انصَرَفَ فتَوَضّأَ، ثم رَجَعَ فبَنَى على ما صَلَّى ولَم يَتَكَلَّمْ (^١).\nهذا عن ابنِ عمرَ صَحيحٌ، وقَد رُوِى عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n٣٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه ابنُ البَيّاعِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه فيما قَرأتُ عليه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، أنِّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: مَن وجَدَ فى بَطنِه رِزًّا (^٢) أو قَيئًا فليَنصرِفْ فليَتَوَضَّأْ، فإِن لم يَتَكَلَّمِ احتَسَبَ بما صَلَّى، وإِن يَتَكَلَّمَ استأنَفَ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\nوقيل: عن أبى إسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n_________\n= وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ١٤٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ١٠٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٧١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١٠٠، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٣٩٣: متروك.\nوعطاء تقدم عقب (١٥٤٤).\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٨.\n(^٢) الرز: الصوت من البطن من القرقرة ونحوها. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٤٣، والنهاية ٢/ ٢١٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى فى الأم ٧/ ١٦٤ من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٥٢)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٦ من طريق أبى إسحاق به بنحوه. وقال الزيلعى فى نصب الراية ٢/ ٦٢: وهو ضعيف.","vol":"4","page":289},{"text":"٣٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا عبَّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: أيُّما رجلٍ دَخَلَ فى الصَّلاةِ فأَصابَه رِزٌّ فى بَطنِه أو قَىْءٌ أو رُعافٌ، فخَشِىَ أن يُحدِثَ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ الإمامُ، فليَجعَلْ يَدَه على أنفِه، فإِن كان يُريدُ أن يَعتَدَّ بما قَد مَضَى فلا يَتَكَلمْ حَتَّى يَتَوَضّأَ، ثم يُتِمُّ ما بَقِىَ، فإِن تكلَّمَ فليَستَقبِلْ، وإِن كان قَد تَشَهَّدَ وخافَ أن يُحدِثَ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ الإمامُ فليُسَلِّمْ، فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُه (^١).\nورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ عن علىٍّ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٢).\nوالحارِثُ الأعوَرُ ضَعيفٌ، وعاصِمُ بنُ ضَمرَةَ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٣).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ ثالِثٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁-، وفيه أيضًا ضَعفٌ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ:\n\n٣٤٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباس محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ (^٤) بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: مَن وجَدَ فى بَطنِه رزًّا أو كان فى بَطنِه بولٌ، فليَجعَلْ ثَوبَه على\n_________\n(^١) أخرج آخره منه عبد الرزاق (٣٢٣٢، ٣٦٨٦) من طريق إسرائيل به، وعنده عاصم بدل الحارث.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٠٦) عن الثورى به. والدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٦ من طريق أبى إسحاق بمعناه.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمة الحارث قبل (٣٣) ومصادر ترجمة عاصم فى (٢٨٦٥).\n(^٤) كذا فى س، م، والصواب (ثوير) كما فى المهذب ٧/ ٦٩٥. وهو ثوير بن أبى فاختة. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٢٩.","vol":"4","page":290},{"text":"أنفِه ثم ليَنفَتِلْ وليَتَوَضّأْ، ولا يُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا، فإِن تَكَلَّمَ استأنَفَ.\nوفِى كُلِّ هذا إن صَحَّ دِلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الانصِرافِ بالرِّزِّ قَبلَ خُروجِ الحَدَثِ، ثم البِناءِ على ما مَضَى مِنَ الصَّلاةِ. وروِى مِثلُ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ -﵁- (^١).\n\n٣٤٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كان يَرعُفُ فيخرج فيَغسِلُ الدَّمَ، ثم يَرجِعُ فيَبنِى على ما قَد صَلَّى (^٢).\n\n٣٤٣٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، أنَّه رأَى سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يَرعُفُ وهو يُصَلِّى، فيأتِى حُجرَةَ أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فأُتِىَ بوَضوءٍ فتَوَضّأَ، ثم رَجَعَ فبَنَى على ما قَد صَلَّى (^٣).\n\n٣٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، عن (^٤) سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ قال: يَرجِعُ فيَبنِى على ما قَد صَلَّى. يَعنِى فى الرُّعافِ، وقال عَطيَّةُ: وكَتَبَ ابنُ عمرَ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ إلى أُمَيَّةَ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ أَسيدٍ، فقَرأَ عَلَينا كِتابَهُما بذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٥١).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٨.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٨، ٣٩.\n(^٤) فى س: \"بن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٩/ ٢٩٢ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"4","page":291},{"text":"٣٤٣٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الوَليدُ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو أنَّه سمِع عَطاءً يقولُ: يَنصَرِفُ فيَتَوَضأُ ولا يُكَلِّمُ أحَدًا، ثم يَرجِعُ فيَبنِى على ما قَد صَلَّى (^١).\nورُوّيناه عن طاوُسٍ (^٢) وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وغَيرِهِما.\n\n٣٤٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ قال: قال أبو عمرٍو: أخبرَنِى واصِلٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: إذا صَرَفتَ وجهَكَ عن القِبلَةِ فأَعِدِ الصَّلاةَ.\n\n٣٤٣٩ - قال: وقالَ أبو عمرٍو هو الأوزاعِىُّ: أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى مالكٍ، أنَّه سمِع عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: إذا صَرَفتَ وجهَكَ عن القِبلَةِ فأَعِدْ.\n\n٣٤٤٠ - وبِهَذا الإسناد حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ والحَسَنِ، مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٤١ - قال الوَليدُ: وأَخبَرَنِى الليث بنُ سَعدٍ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه حدَّثَهم عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: يَستأنِفُ (^٤).\nقال الشافعىُّ ﵀: أحَبُّ الأقاويلِ إلىَّ فيه أنَّه قاطِعٌ لِلصَّلاةَ، وهَذا قَولُ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ. قال: وقَولُ المِسوَرِ أشبَهُ بقَولِ العامَّةِ فى مَن ولَّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٥٨) من طريق آخر عن عطاء.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦١٦، ٣٦١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٢١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٦٧) من طريق آخر عن الحسن.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٢٠) من طريق الزهرى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٦٩٦: منقطع. وتقدم عقب (٣٤٢٧).","vol":"4","page":292},{"text":"ظَهرَه القِبلَةَ عامِدًا أنَّه يَبتَدِئُ. قال: ولا يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ فى حالٍ لا يَحِلُّ له فيها الصَّلاةُ ما كان بها، ثم يَبنِى على صَلاتِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. وكانَ فى القَديمِ يقولُ: يَبنِى. وقالَ فى الإملاءِ: لَولا مَذهَبُ الفُقَهاءِ لَرأَيتُ أنَّ مَن تَحَرَّفَ عن القِبلَةِ لِرُعافٍ أو غَيرِه فعَلَيه الاستِئنافُ، ولَكِن لَيسَ فى الآثارِ إلا التَّسليمُ. قال ذَلِكَ بهَذِه المَسأَلَةِ ومَسائلَ أُخَرَ، وقَد رَجَعَ فى الجَديدِ إلى قَولِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.","vol":"4","page":293},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-744>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما يَجوزُ مِنَ العَمَلِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-745>بابُ الإِشارَةِ برَدِّ السَّلامِ</span>\n\n٣٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنّه قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَنِى لِحاجَةٍ، ثم أدرَكتُه وهو يُصلِّى فسَلَّمتُ عليه فأَشارَ إلىَّ، فلمَّا فرَغَ دَعانِى فقالَ: \"إنَّكَ سَلَّمتَ آنِفًا وأنا أُصَلِّى\". وهو موَجَّهٌ حينَئذٍ قِبَلَ المَشرِقِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ والحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أرسَلَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو مُنطَلِقٌ إلى بنى المُصطَلِقِ، فأَتَيتُه وهو يُصلِّى على بَعيرِه، فكَلَّمتُه فقالَ لي بيَدِه هَكَذا، وأَومأَ زُهَيرٌ بيَدِه، ثم كَلِمتُه فقالَ لي هَكَذا، وأَومأَ زُهَيرٌ أيضًا بيَدِه نَحوَ الأرضِ، وأَنا أسمَعُه يَقرأُ يُومِئُ برأْسِه، فلمَّا فرَغَ قال: \"ما فعَلتَ فى الذى أرسَلتُكَ لَهُ؟ فإِنه لم يَمنَعْنِى أن أُكَلِمَكَ إلا أنِّى كُنتُ أُصَلِّى\". قال زُهَيرٌ: وأبو الزُّبَيرِ جالِسٌ معه مُستَقبِلَ الكَعبَةِ فقالَ بيَدِه أبو الزُّبَيرِ إلى بنى المُصطَلِقِ، فقالَ بيَدِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١١٨٨) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (١٠١٨) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم فى (٤١٢٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٤٠/ ٣٦).","vol":"4","page":294},{"text":"إلى غَيرِ الكَعبَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه -﵄- قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حاجَةٍ، فأَتَيتُه وهو يُصَلِّى، فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فرَدَّ عَلَىَّ إشارَةً (^٣).\nورواه غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: لم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ. وإِنَّما أرادَ: لم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ كَلامًا، ورَدَّ عَلَىَّ إشارَةً، وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوقَد جَمَعَهُما يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيم فى الرِّوايَةِ:\n\n٣٤٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بن إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه إلى حاجَةٍ له، فجاءَ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فسَلَّمَ عليه، فلَم يَرُدَّ عليه وأَومأَ بيَدِه، فلمَّا سلَّمَ قال: \"إنَّه لم يَمنَعْنِى أن أرُدَّ علَيكَ إلا أنِّى كُنتُ أُصَلِّى\" (^٤).\n\n٣٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى عَبَّاسَ بن الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا لَيثُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٥)، وأبو داود (٩٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٨٨٩) من طريق زهير بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٤٠/ ٣٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٢٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٥٦ من طريق يزيد به بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":295},{"text":"ابنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى بُكَيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن نابِلٍ صاحِبِ العَباءِ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن صُهَيبٍ قال: مَرَرتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فرَدَّ إلَىَّ إشارَةً. قال لَيثٌ: حَسِبتُه قال: بإِصبَعِهِ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى فى هَذِه القِصَّةِ بإِسنادٍ فيه إرسالٌ، أنَّه أشارَ بيَدِه بلا شَكٍّ:\n\n٣٤٤٧ - حَدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ بمِنًى قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ: ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى مَسجِدِ بنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ بقُباءٍ لَيُصلِّى فيه، فدَخَلَت عليه رِجالُ الأنصارِ يُسَلِّمونَ عليه، فسأَلتُ صُهَيبًا وكانَ معه: كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم حينَ كانوا يُسَلِّمونَ عليه وهو يُصَلِّى؟ فقالَ صُهَيبٌ: كان يُشيرُ إلَيهِم بيَدِهِ. قال سُفيانُ: فقُلتُ لِرَجُلٍ: سَلْه: أنتَ سَمِعتَه مِنَ ابنِ عُمَرَ؟ فقالَ: يا أبا أُسامَةَ أسَمِعتَه مِنَ ابنِ عُمَرَ؟ قال: أمّا أنا قَد كَلَّمتُه وكَلَّمَنِى. ولَم يَقُلْ زَيدٌ: سَمِعتُه (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٣٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيم،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه احمد (١٨٩٣١)، وأبو داود (٩٢٥)، والترمذى (٣٦٧)، والنسائى (١١٨٥)، وابن حبان (٢٢٥٩) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذى عقب (٣٦٨): وحديث صهيب حسن لا نعرفه إلا من حديث الليث عن بكير.\n(^٢) الحميدى (١٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٦٨)، والنسائى (١١٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٠١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٨٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٥٨) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٨٣٢).","vol":"4","page":296},{"text":"حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ وهو ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى قُباءٍ، فجاءَتِ الأنصارُ يُسَلِّمونَ عليه، فإِذا هو يُصلِّى، فجَعَلوا يُسَلِّمونَ عليه، فقالَ ابنُ عمرَ: يا بلالُ كَيفَ رأَيتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم وهو يُصَلِّى؟ قال هَكَذا بيَدِه كُلِّها، يَعنِى يُشيرُ (^١).\nوهَكَذا رواه وكيعُ بن الجَرّاحِ وجَعفَر بنُ عَونٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\nورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ عن هِشامٍ فقالَ: بلالٌ -أو- صُهَيبٌ:\n\n٣٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَنِى هِشَّامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى قُباءٍ فسَمِعَت به الأنصارُ، فجاءوا يُسَلِّمونَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فقُلتُ لِبِلالٍ -أو- صُهَيبٍ: كَيفَ رأَيتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم وهُم يُسَلِّمونَ عليه وهو يُصَلِّى؟ قال: يُشيرُ بيَدِهِ. قال: وبَلَغَنِى فى غَيرِ هذا الحديثِ أنَّ صُهَيبًا الذى سأَلَه ابنُ عمرَ (^٣). ابنُ وهبٍ يَقولُه.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: كِلا الحديثَينِ عِندِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى (٩٤٧) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٨٦)، والترمذى (٣٦٨) من طريق وكيع به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٢٧) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٢٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٤٣٩)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٧٠٩).","vol":"4","page":297},{"text":"صَحيحٌ، وقَد رواه ابنُ عمرَ عن بلالٍ وصُهَيبٍ جَميعًا (^١).\n\n٣٤٥٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه سَلَّمَ على رجلٍ وهو يُصلِّى، فرَدَّ عليه الرَّجل كَلامًا فقالَ: إذا سُلِّمَ على أحَدِكُم وهو يُصَلِّى فلا يَتَكَلَّمْ، ولَكِنْ يُشيرُ بيَدِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عمرٌو، عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ موسَى بنَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ جَميلِ الجُمَحِىَّ سَلَّمَ على ابنِ عباسٍ وهو يُصلِّى، فأخَذَه (^٣) بيَدِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-746>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ الإِشارَةِ باليَدِ</span>\n\n٣٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينُ بنُ عيسَى الخُراسانِىُّ الدَّامَغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ عَونٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ سعدٍ، حدَّثَنا نافِعٌ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) الترمذى عقب (٣٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٨٤٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن عمر به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٥٩٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م. وفى المهذب ٢/ ٦٩٨، ومصادر التخريج: \"فأخذ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٥٩٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٨٤٥)، والفاكهى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ١٨٢ (٢٨١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"4","page":298},{"text":"يقولُ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى قُباءٍ يُصَلِّى فيه. قال: فجاءَته الأنصارُ فسَلَّموا عليه وهو يُصلِّى. قالَ: فقُلتُ لِبِلالٍ: كَيفَ رأَيتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم حينَ كانوا يُسَلِّمونَ عليه وهو يُصلِّى؟ قالَ: يقولُ هَكَذا. وبَسَطَ كَفَّه، وبَسَطَ جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ كَفَه، وجَعَلَ بَطنَه أسفَلَ وظَهرَه إلى فوقَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-747>بابُ مَن أشارَ بالرّأسِ</span>\n\n٣٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىُّ إملاءً وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قراءةً قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنى مِسعَرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- سَلَّمَ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى، فقالَ برأسِه، يَعنِى الرَّدَّ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٥٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىٌّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ قالَ: أُنبِئتُ أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ قالَ: أتَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- حينَ قَدِمتُ عليه مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ أُسَلِّمُ عليه، فوَجَدتُه قائمًا يُصَلِّى، فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فأَومأَ برأسِهِ. وكانَ محمدٌ يأخُذُ بهِ (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٣٤٥٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٩٢٧). وتقدم فى (٣٤٤٨). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٢٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٨٥٢)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٤٩)، وابن الأعرابى (١٣) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميرى فى جزئه (٦) من طريق هشام به بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":299},{"text":"تَمتامٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَعلَى التّوَّزِىُّ (^١)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ رَجاءٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: لما قَدِمتُ مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ أتَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى، فسَلَّمتُ عليه فأَومأَ برأسِهِ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو يَعلَى محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ التّوَّزِىُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-748>بابُ مَنْ رَأَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ بَعْدَ الْفَرَاغِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ</span>\n\n٣٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبانٌ، عن عاصمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنا نُسَلِّمُ فى الصَّلاةِ ونأمُرُ بحاجَتِنا، فقَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى فسَلَّمتُ عليه، فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ السَّلامَ، فأَخَذَنِى ما قَدُمَ وما حَدُثَ، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الصَّلاةَ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يُحدِثُ مِن أمرِه ما يَشاءُ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَد أحدَثَ ألَّا تَكَلَّموا فى الصَّلاةِ\". فرَدَّ عَلَىَّ السَّلامَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-749>بابُ مَن لم يَرَ التَّسليمَ على المُصَلِّى</span>\nقالَ أبو سُفيانَ: قال جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁-: لَو دَخَلتُ على قَومٍ وهُم يُصَلّونَ ما سَلَّمتُ عَلَيهِم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"التنورى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٤٩١.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (١٤٣٨)، والطبرانى (٩٧٨٣)، وفى الصغير (٨٢٩) من طريق أبى يعلى التوزى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٨٢: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٩٢٤). وتقدم فى (٣٣٨٩). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨١٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٠٠)، وأبو يعلى (٢٣١٤) من طريق أبى سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٨/ ٣٨: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"4","page":300},{"text":"٣٤٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا غِرارَ فى صَلاةٍ ولا تَسليم (^١) \". قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: فيما أُرَى أنَّه أرادَ أن لا تُسَلِّمَ ويُسَلَّمَ عَلَيكَ، وتَغريرُ الرَّجُلِ بصَلاتِه أن يُسَلِّمَ وهو فيها شاكٌّ (^٢). كَذا فى كِتابِى.\n\n٣٤٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه إلا أنَّه قال: \"لا غِرارَ فى صَلاةٍ ولا تَسليم\". قالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: يَعنِى فيما أُرَى ألَّا تُسَلِّمَ ويُسَلَّمَ عَلَيكَ، ويُغَرَّرُ الرِّجُلُ. بصَلاتِه فيَنصَرِفُ وهو فيها شاكٌّ (^٣). وهَذا اللَّفظُ أقرَبُ إلى تَفسيرِ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ. قال أبو داودَ: رواه ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، يَعنِى عن أبى مالكٍ على لَفظِ ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ ولَم يَرفَعْه (^٤).\n\n٣٤٥٩ - ورواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ عن سُفيانَ بإِسنادِه قال: أُراه رَفَعَه قال: \"لا غِرارَ فى تَسليمٍ ولا صَلاةٍ\": أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) قال العينى: يروى بالفتح، ويروى بالجر، فمن فتحها كان معطوفا على الغرار، ويكون المعنى: لا نقص ولا تسليم فى الصلاة؛ لأن الكلام فى الصلاة بغير كلامها لا يجوز، ومن جرها يكون معطوفا على الصلاة، ويكون المعنى: لا نقص فى صلاة ولا فى تسليم. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٤/ ١٧٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأحمد (٩٩٣٦، ٩٩٣٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٩٢٨). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٢١).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٩٢٩).","vol":"4","page":301},{"text":"ابنُ موسى بنِ عِمرانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوهَذا اللَّفظُ يَقتَضِى نَفىَ الغِرارِ عن الصَّلاةِ والتَّسليمِ جميعًا، والأخبارُ الَّتِى مَضَت تُبيحُ التَّسليمَ على المُصَلِّى والرَّدَّ بالإِشارَةِ، وهِىَ أولَى بالاتِّباعِ، وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-750>بابُ الإِشارَةِ فيما يَنوبُه فى صَلاتِه يُريدُ بها إفهامًا</span>\n\n٣٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ قال: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى مَرَضِه وهو جالِسٌ وخَلفَه قيامٌ، فأَشارَ إلَيهِم أنِ اجلِسوا، فلمَّا قَضَى صَلاتَه قال: \"إِنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ فارفَعوا، وإِذا صَلِّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٦١ - قال حَمَّادٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه فى هذا الحديثِ: فأَومأَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٤ ووقع فيه: أبو بكر. مكان: أبو كريب. وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٢٩) عن أبى كريب محمد بن العلاء به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠٣) عن عبد اللَّه بن نمير به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٥٠)، والبخارى (٥٦٥٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٥١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٤) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى فى (٣٧٠٣، ٥١٣٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٢/ ٨٣).","vol":"4","page":302},{"text":"إلَيهِم بيَدِه أنِ اجلِسوا. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَى إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ عن سليمانَ بنِ داوُدَ (^٢).\nوروياه (^٣) فى حَديثِ جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فى هَذِه القِصَّةِ قال: فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فرآنا قيامًا فأَشارَ إلَينا.\n\n٣٤٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَة بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ عن فصلَّينا وراءَه وهو قاعِدٌ، وأبو بكرٍ -﵁- يُكَبِّرُ يُسمِعُ النّاسَ تكبيرَه. قال: فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فرآنا قيامًا فأَشارَ إلَينا. وذكَر باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^٤).\n\n٣٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ وعَبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أزهَرَ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أرسَلوه إلى عائشةَ -﵂-.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٩٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به، وليس عنده: بيده.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤١٢/ ٨٣).\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م. ولعلها: رواه. أى مسلم. كما قال المصنف فى آخره: وذكر باقى الحديث. بالإفراد.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٤١٣/ ٨٤)، وأبو داود (٦٠٦)، والنسائى (١١٩٩) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٤٥٩٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٦، ٨٧٣، ٨٨٦) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم فى (٢٢٨٢)، وسيأتى فى (٦٠٠١).","vol":"4","page":303},{"text":"فذكَر الحديثَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، وأَنَّهُم رَدُّوه إلى أُمِّ سلمةَ، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ -﵂-: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عَنهُما، ثم رأَيتُه يُصَلّيهِما، أمّا حينَ صَلَّاهُما فإِنَّه صَلَّى العَصرَ ثم دَخَلَ وعِندِى نِسوَةٌ مِن بنى حَرامٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فصَلَّاهُما، فأَرسَلتُ إلَيه الجاريَةَ فقُلتُ: قومِى لِجَنبِه فقولِى له: تَقولُ أُمُّ سلمةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أسمَعُكَ تَنهَى عن هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ وأَراكَ تُصلّيهِما؟! فإِن أشارَ بيَدِه فاستأخِرِى عنه. قالَت: ففَعَلَتِ الجاريَةُ، فأَشارَ بيَدِه فاستأخَرَتْ عنه، فلمَّا انصرَفَ قال: \"يا بنتَ أبى أُمَيَّةَ سألتِ عن الرَّكعَتَينِ بعدَ العَصرِ، إنَّه أتانا ناسٌ مِن عبدِ القَيسِ بالإِسلامِ مِن قَومِهِم، فشَغَلونِى عن الرَّكعَتَينِ بعدَ الظُّهرِ، فهُما هاتانِ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٦٤ - أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُشيرُ فى الصَّلاةِ بيَدِهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٧٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٥٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتى فى (٤٤٥٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٣٣، ٤٣٧٠)، ومسلم (٨٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٨٤ من طريق عبد الرزاق به، وليس فيه: بيده.","vol":"4","page":304},{"text":"ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ وخُشَيشُ بنُ أصرَمَ (^١) قالوا: أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُشيرُ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا [محمدُ بنُ] (^٣) إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ (^٤) عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: أتَيتُ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- حينَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فإِذا النّاسُ قيامٌ يُصَلُّونَ وإِذا هِىَ قائمَةٌ، قالَت: فقُلتُ: ما لِلنّاسِ؟ فأَشارَت بيَدِها إلى السماء وقالَت: سُبحانَ اللَّه! فقُلتُ: آيَةٌ؟ فأَشارَت أن نَعَم. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ (^٦) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٧).\n\n٣٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"حرام\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٨٤، وعبد الرزاق (٣٢٧٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٤٠٧)، وأبو داود (٩٤٣)، رواه بن خزيمة (٨٨٥)، وابن حبان (٢٢٦٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٣٢).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، م. والمثبت هو الصواب كما تقدم فى (٢٨٨، ٣١٣، ٣٨٩). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥٨١.\n(^٤) فى م: \"عن\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٨٨، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣١١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٢٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) سقط من: م.\n(^٧) البخارى (١٠٥٣)، ومسلم (٩٠٥/ ١١، ١٢).","vol":"4","page":305},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى داودَ وهو أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَعقوبَ ابنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن أبى غَطَفانَ المُرِّىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"التَّسبيحُ لِلرِّجالِ والتَّصفيقُ لِلنِّسوانِ، ومَن أشارَ فى صَلاتِه إشارَةً تُفهَمُ عنه فليُعِدْها\" (^١). قال عَلِى: قال لَنا ابنُ أبى داودَ: أبو غَطَفانَ هذا رجلٌ مَجهولٌ، وآخِرُ الحديثِ زيادَةٌ فى الحديثِ، فلعلَّه مِن قَولِ ابنِ إسحاقَ، والصَّحيحُ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كان يُشيرُ فى الصَّلاةِ. رواه أنَسٌ (^٢) وجابِرٌ (^٣) وغَيرُهُما عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-. قال عَلِىٌّ: ورواه ابنُ عمرَ (^٤) وعائشَةُ -﵃- (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-751>بابُ حَملِ الصَّبِىِّ ووَضعِه فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السِّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمِ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصلِّى وهو حامِلٌ أُمامَةَ بنتَ زَينبَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولأبِى العاصِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ، فإِذا سَجَدَ وضَعَها،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٨٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٤٤) عن عبد اللَّه بن سعيد به، وقال: هذا الحديث وهم. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢٠٠).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه (٣٤٦٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه (٣٤٤٢ - ٣٤٤٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه (٣٤٦٤).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه (٣٤٦٠).","vol":"4","page":306},{"text":"وإِذا قامَ حَمَلَها (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى سليمانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى سليمانَ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ عَجلانَ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا عامِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ يُخبِرُ عن محمدٍ ابنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ -﵁- قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ وأُمامَةُ بنتُ أبى العاصِ -وهىَ ابنَةُ زَينَبَ بنتِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على عاتِقِه، فإِذا رَكَعَ وضَعَها، وإِذا فرَغَ مِنَ السُّجُودِ أعادَها (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِىُّ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عمرَ عن سُفيانَ عَنهُما (^٤)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-752>بابُ الصَّبِىِّ يَتَوَثَّبُ على المُصَلِّى ويَتَعَلَّقُ بثَوبِه فلا يَمنَعُه</span>\n\n٣٤٧٠ - حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٧٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٢٤)، وأبو داود (٩١٧)، والنسائى (١٢٠٣)، وابن حبان (١١٠٩)، وتقدم فى (٦١٧). وسيأتى فى (٤١٩١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٤٣/ ٤١)، والبخارى (٥١٦).\n(^٣) الشافعى فى مسنده ١/ ٢٦٢ (٣٤٦)، والحميدى (٤٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٣٢)، والنسائى (٨٢٦، ١٢٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٨٦٨) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. وتقدم فى (٦١٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٤٣/ ٤٢).","vol":"4","page":307},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّه ابنُ المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو حامِلٌ أحَدَ ابنَيه الحَسَنَ أوِ الحُسَينَ، فتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فوَضَعَه عندَ قَدَمِه اليُمنَى، فسَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَجدَةً أطالَها. قال أبى: فرَفَعتُ رأسِى مِن بَينِ النّاسِ فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ساجِدٌ وِإذ الغُلامُ راكِبٌ على ظَهرِه، فعُدتُ فسَجَدتُ، فلمَّا انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال النّاسُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه لَقَد سَجَدتَ فى صَلاتِكَ هَذِه سَجدَةً ما كُنتَ تَسجُدُها، أفَشَئٌ أُمِرتَ به أو كان يُوحَى إلَيكَ؟ قال: \"كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لم يَكُنْ، إنَّ ابنِى ارتَحَلَنِى فكَرِهتُ أن أُعجِلَه حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حاجَتَه\" (^١).\n\n٣٤٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفَّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ (^٢) القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ يُصلِّى بالنّاسِ، فأَقبَلَ الحسنُ والحُسَينُ -﵄- وهُما غُلامانِ، فجَعَلا يَتَوَثَّبَانِ على ظَهرِه إذا سَجَدَ، فأَقبَلَ النّاسُ عَلَيهِما يُنَحّيانِهما عن ذَلِكَ قال: \"دَعوهُما، بأبِى وأُمِّى، مَن أحَبَّنِى فليُحِبَّ هَذَينِ\" (^٣). وهَذا المُرسَلُ شاهِدٌ لِما تَقَدَّمَ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٦٥، ١٦٦، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٣٣)، والنسائى (١١٤٠) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"عباس\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣١٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٧١١) عن أبى بكر بن عياش به.","vol":"4","page":308},{"text":"٣٤٧٢ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد قال أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵁-: ما رأَيتُ أحَدًا كان أرحَمَ بالعيَالِ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبذ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^١). وهو مخَرَّجٌ فى \"كتاب مسلم\" (^٢).\nمَعَ سائرِ ما ثَبَتَ عنه -ﷺ- مِن أخلاقِه الحَسَنَةِ وأَوصافِه الجَميلَةِ الَّتِى مَن عَرَفَها لم يَستَبعِدْ ما رُوِّينا فى هَذَينِ البابَينِ مِن رأفَتِه ورَحمَتِه، مَعَ قَولِ اللَّهِ تعالَى: ﴿بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٨].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-753>بابُ مَن تَناوَلَ فى صَلاتِه شَيئًا بيَدِه أو غَمَزَ غَيَره</span>\n\n٣٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ يَعنِى ابنَ مِهرانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ المُرادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى رَبيعَةُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ أنَّه قال: قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصلِّى فسَمِعناه (^٣) يقولُ: \"أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنكَ\". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ ثم قال: \"ألعَنكَ بلَعنَةِ اللَّهِ\". ثلاثًا، وبَسط يَدَه كأنَّه يَتَناوَلُ شَيئًا، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١١٠١١)، والدلائل ١/ ٣٣٠، وأحمد (١٢١٠٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٥٠) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣١٦).\n(^٣) فى س: \"فسمعته\".","vol":"4","page":309},{"text":"الصَّلاةِ قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه سَمِعناكَ تَقولُ فى الصَّلاةِ شَيئًا لم نَسمَعْكَ تَقولُه قَبلَ ذَلِكَ، ورأَيناكَ بَسَطتَ يَدَكَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ عَدوَّ اللَّه إبليسَ لَعَنَه اللَّهُ جاءَ بشِهابٍ مِن نارٍ ليَجعَلَه فى وجهِى فقُلتُ: أعوذُ باللَّه مِنكَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم قُلتُ: ألعَنُكَ بلَعنَةِ اللَّهِ التّامَّةِ، فلَم يَستأخِرْ ثلاثَ مَرَاتٍ، ثم أرَدتُ أن آخُذَه، واللَّهِ لَولا دَعوَةُ أخينا سليمانَ لأصبَحَ مُوثَقًا يَلعَبُ به وِلدانُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ المُرادِىِّ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضى بَعضُ مَعناه مِن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى مَسأَلَةِ قَضاءِ الفائتَةِ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سليمانَ الخرقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ خَليفَةَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَينَما أنما أُصَلِّى إذ اعتَرَضَ لِى شَيطانٌ فأخَذتُه فخَنقتُه، فلَولا دَعوَةُ أخِى سليمانَ لأوثَقتُه فى بَعضِ هَذِه السَّوارِى حَتَّى يَراه النّاسُ أو تَرَونَه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٧/ ٩٨. وأخرجه النسائى (١٢١٤) عن محمد بن سلمة. وابن حبان (١٩٧٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٢٢٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٨٢). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٣٤٩) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وتقدم من وجه آخر فى (٣٢٢٧). وقال الألبانى فى تعليقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (٢٣٤٣): حسن صحيح.","vol":"4","page":310},{"text":"ورُوّينا فى حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ قال: \"إنِّى رأيتُ الجَنَّةَ -[أو أُريتُ الجَنَّةَ] (^١) فتَناوَلتُ مِنها عُنقودًا\" (^٢).\n\n٣٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى النَّضرِ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ أنامُ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ورِجلاىَ فى قِبلَتِه، فإِذا سَجَدَ غَمَزَنِى فقَبَضتُ رِجلَىَّ، وإِذا قامَ بَسَطتُهُما، والبُيوتُ يَومَئذٍ لَيسَ فيها مَصابيحُ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سليمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أخبرَه أنَّه باتَ لَيلَةً عندَ مَيمونَةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂-. فذكَر الحديثَ فى قيامِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- ووُضوئِه وصَلاتِهِ. قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ: فقُمتُ فصَنَعتُ مِثلَ الذى صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقُمتُ إلى جَنبِه، فوَضَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه اليُمنَى على رأسِى، ثم أخَذَ بأُذُنِى اليُمنَى يَفتِلُها. أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٦٣٧٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١١٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥١٤٨)، والنسائى (١٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣٤٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢٠٩)، ومسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٧٢).","vol":"4","page":311},{"text":"حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-754>بابُ مَن مَسَّ لحيَتَه فى الصَّلاةِ [مِن غَيِر عَبَثٍ]</span> (^٢)\n\n٣٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصينٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَضَعُ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى فى الصَّلاةِ، وربما مَسَّ لحيَتَه وهو يُصَلِّى (^٣).\nهَكَذا رواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ.\n\n٣٤٧٨ - ورواه شُعبَةُ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو المُثَنَى، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن حُصينٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ ابنِ أخِى عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن رجلٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى فربما تَناوَلَ لِحيَتَه فى صَلاتِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٨٣)، ومسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٨٢). وتقدم فى (٤٢٤).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٨٤٧)، وأحمد فى العلل (١٢٥٨) عن هشيم عن حصين عن عبد الملك بن عمرو بن حريث أو الحويرث، كذا ذكره البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤٢٥ عن هشيم. وعبد الملك اختلف فى اسمه. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٣٧، وإكمال تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٥٧، وتقريب التهذيب ١/ ٥٢٥. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٠٢: منقطع مرتين.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد فى العلل (١٢٥٩)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٤٨) من طريق شعبة به دون ذكر: عن رجل.","vol":"4","page":312},{"text":"ورُوِى عن مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن شُعبَةَ، وذكَر الرَّجُلَ الذى لم يُسَمِّه، وهو عمرُو بنُ حُرَيثٍ (^١).\nورواه سليمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن حُصينٍ عن عمرِو بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ المَخزومِىِّ ابنِ أخِى عمرِو بنِ الحُرَيثِ قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nوقَد روِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ وقيل فى أحَدِهِما: مِن غَيرِ عَبَثٍ.\nويُذكَرُ عن النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّه قال: كان يُقالُ: مَسُّ اللِّحيَةِ فى الصَّلاةِ واحِدَةً أو دَعْ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا نَظيرُ ما يُروَى فى مَسِّ الحَصَى واحِدَةً:\n\n٣٤٧٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الخَطْمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الوَليدَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عيسَى بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ يُخبِرُ عن نافِعٍ، ولَم يَسمَعْه مِنه. وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ شَهْرِيارَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ حَفصٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان ربَّما يَضَعُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٤٦٢) من طريق مؤمل به.\n(^٢) ذكره البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤٢٥ عن سليمان بن كثير به.\n(^٣) كذا جاء هذا الأثر هنا، وسيتكرر مرة أخرى مع ما بعده عقب الحديث الآتى، وفى المهذب ٢/ ٧٠٣ ذكره مرة واحدة كما هنا، ثم لم يكرره.","vol":"4","page":313},{"text":"يَدَه على لحيَتِه فى الصَّلاةِ مِن غَيرِ عَبَثٍ (^١).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ، وهو مِن حَديثِ أبى ذَرٍّ. ويُذكَرُ عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّه قال: كان يُقالُ: مَسُّ اللِّحيَةِ فى الصَّلاةِ واحِدَةً أو دَعْ. وهَذا نَظيرُ ما يُروَى فى مَسِّ الحَصَى واحِدَةً (^٢).\nقال أبو أحمدَ ﵀: عاقَةُ ما يَرويه عيسَى (^٣) هذا لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-755>بابُ مَن تَقَدَّمَ أو تَأخَّرَ فى صَلاتِه مِن مَوضِعٍ إلى مَوضِعٍ</span>\n\n٣٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلْمانَ (^٥) الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قراءةً عليه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقَرأَ سورَةً طَويلَةً، ثم رَكَعَ فأَطالَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه، ثم استَفتَحَ سورَةً أُخرَى، ثم رَكَعَ حينَ قَضاها وسَجَدَ، ثم فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فى الثّانيَةِ، ثم قال: \"إنَّهُما آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّه، فإِذا رأيتُم ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٢. وأخرجه البزار (٥٩٢٠) عن إسماعيل بن حفص به. والدولابى فى الكنى (٢٧٢٩) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٢) هذا الكلام مع الأثر تكرار لما سبق قبل هذا الحديث.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"القداح\". ولم ترد فى كلام ابن عدى ولم يذكرها الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٠٣، ولم نجدها أيضًا فى نسبه، فهو عيسى بن عبد اللَّه بن الحكم بن نعمان بن بشير أبو موسى الأنصارى. وينظر الكلام عليه في الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٩٢، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٢١، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣١٦، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٤) الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٣.\n(^٥) فى م: \"سليمان\".","vol":"4","page":314},{"text":"حَتَّى يُفَرَّجَ عَنكُم، لَقَد رأيتُ فى مَقامِى هذا كُلَّ شَئٍ وُعِدتُم، حَتَّى لَقَد رأيتُنِى أُريدُ أن آخُذَ قِطْفًا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ حينَ رأيتُمونِى جَعَلتُ أتَقَدَّمُ، ولَقَد رأيتُ جَهَنَّمَ يَحطِمُ بَعضُها بَعضًا حينَ رأيتُمونِى تأخَّرتُ، ورأيتُ فيها عمرَو بنَ لُحَىٍّ، وهو الذى سَيَّبَ السَّوائبَ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عَطاءٌ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر الحديثَ فى صَلاةِ الخُسوفِ، وقالَ فيه: ثم تأَخَّرَ فى صَلاةٍ فتأَخَّرَتِ الصُّفوفُ معه، ثم تَقَدَّمَ فتَقَدَّمَتِ الصُّفوفُ مَعَه (^٣).\nوالحَديثُ بتَمامِه مُخَرَّجٌ فى كِتابِ صَلاةِ الخُسوفِ (^٤)، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ ناصِحٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ ابنُ عاصِمٍ، عن بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٦٣٧٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢١٢)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٨٦)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٨٤٤)، عن ابن بشار به. وصححه الألبانى فى تعليقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (٢٨٣٣).\n(^٤) ينظر ما سيأتى فى (٦٣٩٢، ٦٣٩٣).","vol":"4","page":315},{"text":"المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثَنا بُردٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، [عن عُروةَ] (^١)، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جِئتُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى البَيتِ والبابُ مُغلَقٌ عليه، فمَشَى حَتَّى فتَحَ لي، ثم رَجَعَ إلى مَكانِه. قالَت: والبابُ فى القِبلَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ بشرٍ، وفِى حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ قالَت: كان البابُ فى قِبلَةِ مَسجِدِنا هذا، فاستَفتَحتُ البابَ فمَشَى النبىُّ -ﷺ- وهو يُصلِّى حَتَّى فتَحَ البابَ ثم رَجَعَ راجِعًا. يَعنِى إلى مَكانِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِىُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا الأزرَقُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: كُنّا بالأهوازِ نُقاتِلُ الحَروريَّةَ، فبَينا أنا على جُرُفِ نَهَرٍ إذا رجلٌ يُصَلِّى، وإِذا لجامُ دابَّتِه بيَدِه، فجَعَلَتِ الدّابَّةُ تُنازِعُه، وجَعَلَ يَتبَعُها. قالَ شُعبَةُ: هو أبو بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىُّ. قال: وجَعَلَ رجلٌ مِنَ الخَوارجِ يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ افعَلْ بهَذا الشيخِ. فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ الشيخُ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ قَولَكُم، وإِنِّى قَد غَزَوتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَتَّ غَزَواتٍ، أو سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ، أو ثَمانِ غَزَواتٍ، وشَهِدتُ تَيسيرَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، ولَأنْ كُنتُ أرجِعُ مَعَ دابَّتِى\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٢٧)، وعنه أبو داود (٩٢٢)، والترمذى (٦٠١) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٠٣) عن على بن عاصم به. والنسائى (١٢٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢٣٥٥) من طريق برد به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٠٤: برد وثقوه، وضعفه ابن المدينى.","vol":"4","page":316},{"text":"أحَبّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أدَعَها تَذهَبُ إلى مألَفِها فيَشُقَّ عَلَىَّ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ ابنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثتا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كُنّا نُقاتِلُ الأزارِقَةَ بالأهوازِ جَمعَ المُهَلَّبِ بنِ أبى صُفرَةَ. قال: فجاءَ أبو بَرزَةَ فأَخَذَ بمِقوَدِ بِرذَونِه أو دابَّتِه. قال: فبَينَما هو يُصلِّى إذ أفلَتَ مِن يَدِه، فمَضَتِ الدّابَّةُ فى قِبلَتِه، فانطَلَقَ أبو بَرزَةَ حَتَّى أخَذَها، ثم رَجَعَ القَهقَرَى، فقالَ رجلٌ وكانَ يَرَى رأىَ الخَوارِجِ: انظُروا إلى هذا الشيخِ -ونالَ مِنه- إنَّه تَرَكَ صلاتَه، وانطَلَقَ إلى دابَّتِهِ. قال: فأَقبَلَ أبو بَرزَةَ لمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه فقالَ: إنِّى غَزَوتُ معَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ -أو قال: مَرّاتٍ- وأَنا شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ، ولَو أنَّ دابَّتِى ذَهَبَت إلى مألَفِها شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ، فصَنَعتُ ما رأَيتُم. قالَ: فقُلنا لِلرَّجُلِ: ما أرَى اللَّهَ إلا يَجزيكَ، سَبَبتَ رجلًا مِن أصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-756>بابُ قَتلِ الحَيَّةِ والعَقرَبِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٧٠، ١٩٧٩٠) من طريق شعبة به. والبخارى (٦١٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٦٦) من طريق الأزرق بن قيس به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٢/ ٩٥ من طريق عمرو بن مرزوق به.","vol":"4","page":317},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ أَبى كَثيرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن ضَمضَمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقَتلِ الأسوَدَينِ فى الصَّلاةِ؛ الحَيَّةِ والعَقرَبِ (^١).\n\n٣٤٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وإِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى البَيتِ، فجاءَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ فدَخَلَ، فلمَّا رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى قامَ إلى جانِبِه يُصَلِّى. قال: فجاءَت عَقرَبٌ حَتَّى انتَهَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم تَرَكَته، وأَقبَلَت إلى علىٍّ، فلمَّا رأَى ذَلِكَ عَلِىُّ ضَرَبَها بنَعلِه، فلَم يَرَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- بقَتلِه إيّاها بأسًا (^٢).\n\n٣٤٨٧ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٦٦٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٥٤)، وعنه أحمد (٧٨١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠١١٦)، وأبو داود (٩٢١)، والترمذى (٣٩٠)، وابن حبان (٢٣٥٢) من طريق على بن المبارك به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (٧١٧٨)، والنسائى (١٢٠١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٣٥١) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى المنتخب من ذيل المذيل ص ٦٦٧ عن العباس بن الوليد به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٦٥٣) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٨٤: وفى طريق الطبرانى عبد اللَّه بن صالح كاتب الليث قال عبد الملك بن شعيب بن الليث: ثقة مأمون وضعفه الأئمة أحمد وغيره.","vol":"4","page":318},{"text":"ابنِ قَعنَبٍ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَفاكَ الحَيَّةَ ضَربَةٌ بالسَّوطِ، أصبتَها أم أخطأتَها\" (^١).\nوهَذا إن صحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّه أعلَمُ وُقوعَ الكِفايَةِ بها فى الإِتيانِ بالمأمورِ، فقَد أمَرَ -ﷺ- بقَتلِها، وأَرادَ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ إذا امتَنَعَت بنَفسِها عندَ الخَطأ، ولَم يُرِدْ به المَنعَ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ على ضَربَةٍ واحِدَةٍ.\n\n٣٤٨٨ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سُهَيلٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زكريا، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَ وزَغَةً فى أوَّلِ ضَربَةٍ فلَه كَذا وكَذا حَسَنَةً، ومَن قَتَلَها فى الضَّربَةِ الثّانيَةِ فلَه كَذا وكَذا حَسَنَةً، أدنَى مِنَ الأولَى، ومَن قَتَلَها فى الضَّربَةِ الثّالِثةِ فلَه كَذا وكَذا حَسَنَةً، أدنَى مِنَ الثَّانيَةِ\" (^٢). وفى حَديثِ خالِدٍ: \"دون الأولى\". وقال: \"لِدونِ الثَّانيَةِ\" والباقِى سَواءٌ.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن حاتم فى العلل (٢٣٤٥)، والدارقطنى كما فى أطراف الغرائب (٥٢٢) عن إسماعيل ابن مسلمة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٠٥: هذا منكر، وحميد صدوق ذو مناكر.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٢٦٣). أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٥٩)، والترمذى (١٤٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٩) من طريق به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"4","page":319},{"text":"٣٤٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زكريا، عن سُهَيلٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أخِى أو أُختِى، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"فى أوَّلِ ضَربَةٍ سبعينَ حسَنةً\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يحيى بنِ يحيى ومحمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ دينارٍ قال: رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ رأَى ريشَةً وهو فى الصَّلاةِ فضَرَبَها برِجلِه وقالَ: حَسِبتُ أنَّها عَقرَبٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-757>بابُ المُصَلِّى يَدفَعُ المارَّ بَينَ يَدَيهِ</span>\n\n٣٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ التُّركُ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى الذُّهلِىِّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البيهقىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا كان\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٢٦٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٤٠). وفى رواية محمد بن الصباح عند مسلم: حدثتنى أختى.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٤٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٠٠٦) عن ابن عيينة به.","vol":"4","page":320},{"text":"أحدكم يُصَلِّى فلا يَدَعْ أحَدًا يَمرُّ بَينَ يَدَيه، وليَدْرَأْه ما استَطاعَ، فإِن أبى فليُقاتِلْه، فإِنَّما هو شَيطانٌ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٣٤٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدَّثَنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّى أحدكم فليُصَلِّ إلى سُترَةٍ، وليَدْنُ مِنها\". ثم ساقَ مَعناه (^٣).\n\n٣٤٩٣ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ قالا: حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرّوخَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ قال: بَينا أنا وصاحِبٌ لِى نَتَذاكَرُ حَديثًا إذ قال أبو صالِحٍ السَّمّانُ: أنا أُحَدِّثُكَ ما سَمِعتُ مِن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ ورأَيتُ مِنه. قال: بَينَما أنا مَعَ أبى سعيدٍ نُصلِّى يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إلى شَئٍ يَستُرُه مِنَ النّاسِ إذ دَخَلَ شابٌّ مِن بنى أبى مُعَيطٍ أرادَ أن يَجتازَ بَينَ يَدَيه، فدَفَعَ نَحرَه، فنَظَرَ فلَم يَرَ مَساغًا إلا بَينَ يَدَى أبى سعيدٍ، فأَعادَ فدَفَعَ فى نَحرِه أشَدَّ مِنَ الدَّفعَةِ الأولَى، فمَثَلَ قائمًا ونالَ مِن أبى سعيدٍ، ثم\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٥٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٢٩٩)، وأبو داود (٦٩٧)، والنسائى (٧٥٦)، وابن حبان (٢٣٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨١٦) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠٥/ ٢٠٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٩٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٥٤) عن أبى كريب محمد بن العلاء به. وابن حبان (٢٣٧٢) من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به.","vol":"4","page":321},{"text":"زاحَمَ النّاسَ فخَرَجَ، فدَخَلَ على مَروانَ فشَكا إلَيه ما لَقِىَ. قال: ودَخَلَ أبو سعيدٍ على مَروانَ فقالَ له مَروانُ: ما لَكَ [ولابنِ أخيكَ] (^١) جاءَ يَشتَكيكَ؟ فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ -﵁-: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم إلى شَئٍ يَستُرُه مِنَ النّاسِ، فأرادَ أحَدٌ أن يَجتازَ بَينَ يَدَيه فليَدفَعْ فى نَحرِه، فإِن أبَى فليُقاتِلْه، فإِنَّما هو شَيطانٌ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ، ورواه البخارىُّ عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ عن سليمانَ (^٣).\n\n٣٤٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٤) علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ ابنُ طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ العَدَوِىِّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵁- كان يُصَلِّى فمَرَّ رجلٌ مِن آلِ أبى مُعَيطٍ فمَنَعَه، فأَبَى أن يَنتَهِىَ فنَبَذَه، فأَبَى فدَفَعَ فى صَدرِه ومَروانُ يَومَئذٍ أميرٌ على المَدينَةِ، فشَكا ذَلِكَ إلَيه، فذكَر ذَلِكَ مَروانُ لأبِى سعيدٍ، فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا مَرَّ بَينَ يَدَىْ أحَدِكُم شَئٌ وهو يُصَلِّى فليَمنَعْه، فإِن أبى فليُقاتِلْه، فإِنَّما هو شَيطانٌ\". وإِنِّى قَد كُنتُ نَهَيتُه فأَبَى أن يَنتَهِىَ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ولأخيك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٠٧)، وأبو داود (٧٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨١٩) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٠٥/ ٢٥٩)، والبخارى (٥٠٩).\n(^٤) فى ص: \"الحسين\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٨١٨) من طريق يونس بن عبيد به مختصرا.","vol":"4","page":322},{"text":"عبدِ الوارِثِ على لَفظِ حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ مَضمومًا إلى ذَلِكَ الإسناد (^١)، وذَلِكَ مِنه تَجَوُّزٌ، إلا أنَّه ﵀ أفرَدَه بالذِّكرِ على لَفظِه فى كِتابِ بَدءِ الخَلقِ (^٢).\n\n٣٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنى صَدَقَةُ بنُ يَسارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُصَلُّوا إلا إلى سُترَةٍ، ولا تَدَعْ أحَدًا يَمُرُّ بَينَ يَدَيكَ، فإِن أبَى فقاتِلْه، فإِنَّ معه القَرينَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى بكرٍ الحَنَفِىِّ دونَ ما فى أوَّلِه مِنَ السُّترَةِ (^٤).\n\n٣٤٩٦ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن صهَيبٍ البَصرِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى فأَرادَ جَدْىٌ أن يَمُرَّ بَينَ يَدَيه فجَعَلَ يَتَّقيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٠٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٢٧٤).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥١. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٨٠٠، ٨٢٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٣٦٩)، من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به. وأحمد (٥٥٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٩٥٥) من طريق الضحاك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٠٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٣)، وأبو داود (٧٠٩) من طريق شعبة به، وعندهما بدون ذكر صهيب. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ١٠٠ (٢٤١)، وما سيأتى فى (٣٥٢٣، ٣٥٤٥، ٣٥٤٦). وصححه الألبانى =","vol":"4","page":323},{"text":"٣٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّد، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: هَبَطنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺمِن (^١) ثَنيَّةِ أذاخِرَ (^٢)، فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلَّى إلى جِدارٍ، فاتَخَذَه قِبلَةً ونَحنُ خَلفَه، فجاءَت بَهمَةٌ (^٣) لِتَمُرُّ بَينَ يَدَيه، فما زالَ يُدارئُها (^٤) حَتَّى لَصِقَ بَطنُه بالجِدارِ ومَرَّت مِن ورائهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-758>بابُ إثمِ المارِّ بَيَن يَدَى المُصَلِّى</span>\n\n٣٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ أرسَلَه إلى أبى جُهَيمٍ يَسأَلُه ماذا سمِع مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى المارِّ بَينَ يَدَىِ المُصَلِّى؟ قال أبو جُهيمٍ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو يَعلَمُ المارُّ بَينَ يَدَىِ المُصَلِّى ماذا عليه لَكانَ أن يَقِفَ أربَعينَ خَيرًا له مِن أن يَمُرَّ بَينَ يَدَيه\". قال أبو النَّضرِ:\n_________\n= فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٥٣).\n(^١) فى س: \"فى\".\n(^٢) أذاخر: جبل تضاف إليه الثنية، وهى قرب مكة من جهة المدينة، ويسمها العامة اليوم: ريع ذاخر. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة فى السيرة النبوية ص ١٨، والمعجم الكبير ١/ ١٦٠.\n(^٣) البهمة: ولد الضأن الذكر والأنثى. النهاية ١/ ١٦٨.\n(^٤) يدارئها: يدافعها. النهاية ٢/ ١١٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٠٨) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٦٨٥٢) من طريق هشام به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٠٧: إسناده صالح.","vol":"4","page":324},{"text":"لا أدرِى قالَ: أربَعينَ يَومًا أو شَهرًا أو سنةً (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-759>بابُ ما يَكونُ سُترَةَ المُصَلِّى</span>\n\n٣٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الأسَدِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ عن سُترَةِ المُصَلِّى فقالَ: \"مِثلُ مُؤْخِرَةِ الرَّحلِ (^٣) \" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن المُقرِئِ (^٥).\n\n٣٥٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ (^٦) يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٠١)، ومالك ١/ ١٥٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٥٤٠)، والترمذى (٣٣٦)، والنسائى (٧٥٥)، وابن حبان (٢٣٦٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٨١٣) من طريق سالم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٠)، ومسلم (٥٠٧/ ٢٦١).\n(^٣) المؤخرة: بضم الميم وكسر الخاء وهمزة ساكنة، ويقال بفتح الخاء مع فتح الهمزة وتشديد الخاء، ومع إسكان الهمزة وتخفيف الخاء، ويقال: آخرة الرحل بهمزة ممدودة وكسر الخاء، وهى العود الذى فى آخر الرحل. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ٢١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٧٤٥) عن العباس بن محمد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٠٠/ ٢٤٤).\n(^٦) بعده فى س: \"عبد اللَّه بن\".","vol":"4","page":325},{"text":"أبو الأسوَدِ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ. رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يَزيدَ مُختَصَرًا (^١).\n\n٣٥٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً وأبو صالِحٍ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وضَعَ أحَدُكُم بَينَ يَدَيه مِثلَ مُؤْخِرَةِ الرَّحلِ فلا يَضُرُه مَن مَرَّ وراءَ ذَلِكَ\". وفى حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّه: \"فليُصَلِّ ولا يُبالِى مَن يَمُرُّ وراءَ ذَلِكَ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٥٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى والدَّوابُّ تَمُرُّ بَينَ أيدينا، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مِثلُ مُؤْخِرَةِ الرَّحلِ يَكونُ بَينَ يَدَى أحَدِكُم، ثم لا يَضُرُّه ما مَرَّ بَينَ يَدَيه\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٤٣/ ٥٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٣٥)، وابن حبان (٢٣٧٩) من طريق قتيبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٩٩/ ٢٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٩٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٣٨٠) من طريق عمر بن عبيد به.","vol":"4","page":326},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: مُؤْخِرَةُ الرَّحلِ ذِراعٌ فما فوقَه (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قالَ: مُؤْخِرَةُ الرَّحلِ ذِراعٌ (^٣). وقالَ مَعمَرٌ عن قَتادَةَ: ذِراعٌ وشِبرٌ (^٤).\n\n٣٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُعَرِّضُ راحِلَتَه فيُصَلِّى إلَيها. قُلتُ: أفَرأَيتَ إذا ذَهَبَتِ الرِّكابُ؟ قالَ: كان يأخُذُ الرَّحلَ فيَعدِلُه فيُصَلِّى إلى آخِرَتِه. أو قالَ: مُؤْخِرَتِه (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ وزادَ فيه: وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَفعَلُه (^٦).\n\n٣٥٠٤ - أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٩٩/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٦٨٦). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٣٧): صحيح مقطوع.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٢٧٢).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٢٩٨)، وعنه إسحاق بن راهويه فى مسنده (٣١٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٦٨)، وعنه مسلم (٥٠٢/ ٢٤٧) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٠٧).","vol":"4","page":327},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى إلى بَعيرِه وهو مُعتَرِضٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ (^١). وقَولُه: أفَرأَيتَ؟. مِن قَولِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه لِنافِعٍ.\n\n٣٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحَمّادِىُّ. فذكَر الحديثَ نَحوَ حَديثِ المُقرِئ. قال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ قَولُه: أفَرأيتَ. مِن كَلامِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ لِنافِعٍ لا مِن كَلامِ نافِعٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ موسَى والقاسِمَ بنَ زكريا أخبرانِى قالا: حدَّثَنا خَلَّادُ بنُ أسلَمَ، حدَّثَنا عَبِيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فيُعرِّضُ البَعيرَ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ. قال القاسِمُ فى حَديثِه: قالَ عُبَيدُ اللَّه: سأَلتُ نافِعًا: إذا ذَهَبَتِ الإِبِلُ كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ قالَ: كان يُعَرِّضُ مُؤْخِرَةَ الرَّحلِ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا خَرَجَ يَومَ العيدِ أمَرَ بالحَربَةِ فتوضَعُ بَينَ يَدَيه، فيُصلِّى إلَيها والناسُ وراءَه، وكانَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ فى السَّفَرِ، فمِن ثَمَّ اتَخَذَها الأُمَراءُ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ، ورواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٥٠٢/ ٢٤٨)، وأبو داود (٦٩٢)، والترمذى (٣٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٨٠١)، وابن حبان (٢٣٧٨) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٢٨) عن عبيدة بن حميد به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٨٦) عن ابن نمير به. وأحمد (٤٦١٤)، والنسائى (٧٤٦)، =","vol":"4","page":328},{"text":"مسلم عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ نُمَيرٍ [وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ] (^١).\n\n٣٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو العُمَيسِ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالأبطَحِ قالَ: فجاءَه بلال فآذَنَه بالصَّلاةِ. قالَ: فدَعا بوَضوءٍ فتَوَضّأَ. قالَ: فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يأتونَ وَضوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيَتَمَسَّحونَ به، ثم أخَذَ بلالٌ العَنَزَةَ فمَشَى بها مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قالَ: ثم أقامَ الصَّلاةَ ورَكَزَها بَينَ يَدَيه، وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ. قالَ: والظُّعُنُ يَمُرّونَ بَينَ يَدَيه؛ المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ والبَعيرُ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، جَميعًا عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\nورواه شُعبَةُ عن عَونٍ عن أبيه فقالَ: يَمُرُّ خَلفَ العَنَزَةِ المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ (^٤).\n\n٣٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n= وابن ماجه (٩٤١، ١٣٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٩، ١٤٣٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به، وعندهم باختصار سوى ابن ماجه فى الموضع الثانى فبمثل لفظ المصنف.\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\nوالحديث عند البخارى (٤٩٤)، ومسلم (٥٠١/ ٢٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٤٢٢١) من طريق جعفر بن عون به بنحوه، وقد تقدم من طرق أخرى فى (١٨٧١ - ١٨٧٥)، وسيأتى فى (٥٢٩٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٣)، ومسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٥١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٤٣)، والبخارى (٤٩٥)، وأبو داود (٦٨٨) من طريقه شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":329},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الرَّبيع بنِ سَبرَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى عَمِّى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ليَستُرْ أحَدُكُم صلاتَه ولَو بسَهمٍ\" (^١).\n\n٣٥٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النُّمَيرِىُّ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الجُهَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنى عَمِّى عبدُ المَلكِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ققال: \"استَتِروا فى صَلاتِكُم ولَو بسَهمٍ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-760>بابُ الخَطِّ إذا لم يَجِدْ عَصًا</span>\n\n٣٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّد (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنى أبو عمرِو ابنُ محمدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، أنَّه سمِع جدَّه حُرَيثًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فليَجعَلْ تِلقاءَ وجهِه شَيئًا، فإِن لم يَجِدْ فليَنصِبْ عَصًا، فإِن لم يَكُنْ معه عَصًا فليَخطُطْ خَطًّا، ثم لا يَضُرُّه ما مَرَّ أمامَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٢ بدون ذكر عمِّ حرملة. وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٨٧، والطبرانى (٦٥٤٠) من طريق حرملة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨١٠) من طريق عبد الملك بن الربيع به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٠٩: إسناده بذاك.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٨٩). وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١، وابن خزيمة (٨١٢) من طريق =","vol":"4","page":330},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن إسماعيلَ، وابنُ عُيَينَةَ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه عن إسماعيلَ (^١).\nورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن إسماعيلَ كما:\n\n٣٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنى أبو عمرِو ابنُ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى عمرٍو -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّى أحدكم فليَجعَلْ بَينَ يَدَيه شَيئًا، فإِن لم يَجِدْ فليَخُطَّ خَطًّا، ثم لا يَضُرُّه ما مَرَّ أمامَه\" (^٢).\n\n٣٥١٢ - ورواه حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبى عمرِو ابنِ محمدِ بنِ حُرَيثِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- على لَفظِ حَديثِ بشرٍ. أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورواه وُهَيبٌ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ عن إسماعيلَ عن أبى عمرِو ابنِ حُرَيثٍ عن\n_________\n= بشر بن المفضل به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٣٤).\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١ من طريق روح به. وأحمد (٧٣٩٢)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١، وابن ماجه (٩٤٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٩٤)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١، وابن خزيمة عقب (٨١٢) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٤٣) من طريق حميد بن الأسود به، وفيه: عن جده. بدلا من: عن أبيه.","vol":"4","page":331},{"text":"جَدِّه حُرَيثٍ (^١).\nوَقالَ عبدُ الرزاقِ: عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، سمِع إسماعيلَ، عن حُرَيثِ بنِ عَمّارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، مُختَصَرًا (^٢). ورواه ابنُ عُيينَةَ فى رِوايَةِ الشافعىِّ ﵀ والحُمَيدِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ عنه (^٣) عن إسماعيل بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن أبى محمدِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ عن جَدَه حُرَيثٍ العُذرِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤). ثم روِى عنه أنَّه شَكَّ فيهِ (^٥).\n\n٣٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عَبدوسٍ قَرأتُ عليه قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عليًّا يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ: قال سُفيانُ فى حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبى محمدِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم بأرضِ فلاةٍ فليَنصِبْ عَصًا\". قال عَلِىٌّ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: إنَّهُم يَختَلِفونَ فيه؛ بَعضُهُم يقولُ: أبو عمرِو ابنُ محمدٍ. وبَعضُهُم يقولُ: أبو محمدِ ابنُ عمرٍو؟ فتَفَكَرَ ساعَةً ثم قال: ما أحفَظُ إلا أبا محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٣٤) من طريق وهيب به. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧١ من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٢٨٦).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) الحميدى (٩٩٣)، ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٤٩). وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١١٨ عن الزعفرانى عن الشافعى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٩٢) عن سفيان، عن أبى محمد ابن عمرو، وقال مرة: عن أبى عمرو ابن محمد، عن جده، عن أبى هريرة.","vol":"4","page":332},{"text":"ابنَ عمرٍو. قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: فابن جُرَيجٍ يقولُ: أبو عمرِو ابنُ محمدٍ. فسَكَتَ سُفيانُ ساعَةً، ثم قال: أبو محمدِ ابنُ عمرٍو أو أبو عمرِو ابنُ محمدٍ. ثم قال سُفيانُ: كُنتُ أراه أخًا لِعَمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ. وقالَ مَرَّةً: العُذرِىُّ. [قال عَلِىٌّ: قال سُفيانُ: كان جاءَنا إنسانٌ بصرِىٌّ لَكُم (^١) عتبةُ ذاكَ أبو مُعاذٍ فقالَ] (^٢): إنِّى لَقيتُ هذا الرَّجُلَ الذى رَوَى عنه إسماعيلُ. قال علىٌّ: ذلكَ بَعدَ ما ماتَ إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فطَلَبَ هذا الشيخَ حَتَّى وجَدَه. قال عُتبَةُ: فسأَلتُه عنه فخَلَطَه عَلَىَّ. قال سُفيانُ: ولَم نَجِدْ شَيئًا يَشُدُّ هذا الحديثَ ولَم يَجِئْ إلا مِن هذا الوَجهِ. قال سُفيانُ: وكانَ إسماعيلُ إذا حدَّث بهَذا الحديثِ يقولُ: عندَكُم شَئٌ تَشُدّونَه بهِ؟ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: واحتَجَّ الشَّافعىُّ ﵀ بهَذا الحديثِ فى القَديمِ، ثم تَوَقَّفَ فيه فى الجَديدِ فقالَ فى كِتابِ البُوَيطىِّ: ولا يَخُطُّ المُصَلِّى بَينَ يَدَيه خَطًّا إلا أن يَكونَ فى ذَلِكَ حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ فليُتَّبِعْ. وكأنَّه ﵀ عَثَرَ على ما نَقَلناه مِنَ الاختِلافِ فى إسنادِه، ولا بأسَ به فى مِثلِ هذا الحُكمِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى، وبِه التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) كذا جاءت هذه الكلمة فى س، م، ولم ترد فى المعرفة للمصنف، وستأتى الإشارة إلى مكانها فى النسخة س.\n(^٢) فى س: \"ذاك أبو معاذ وقال\". وأشار فى الحاشية أنه جاء فى نسخة كالمثبت هنا من النسخة المطبوعة.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٥٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٩٠) من طريق ابن المدينى به نحوه. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٣٥).","vol":"4","page":333},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ وصَفَ الخَطَّ فقالَ هَكَذا. يَعنِى عَرْضًا (^١) مِثلَ الهِلالِ. قال أبو داودَ: وسَمِعتُ مُسَدَّدًا يقولُ: قال ابنُ داودَ: الخَطُّ بالطّولِ (^٢).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى قال: سأَلتُ الحُمَيدِىَّ عن الخَطِّ، فأَومأَ لى مِثلَ الهِلالِ العَظيمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-761>بابُ الصَّلاةِ إلى الأُسطُوانَةِ التِى تَكونُ فى المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٣٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىٌّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: كُنتُ آتِى مَعَ سلمةَ المَسجِدَ فيُصلِّى عندَ الأُسطُوانَةِ التِى تَكونُ عندَ المُصحَفِ. قُلتُ: يا أبا مُسلِمٍ أراكَ تتَحَرَّى الصَّلاةَ عندَ هَذِه الأُسطُوانَةِ؟ قال: فإِنَى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَحَرَّى الصَّلاةَ عندَها (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مُثنَّى عن مَكِّىٍّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"جوزا\".\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٦٩٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٤٩).\n(^٤) أحمد (١٦٥١٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٣٠)، وابن حبان (١٧٦٣) من طريق يزيد بن أبى عبيد به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٠٢)، ومسلم (٥٠٩/ ٢٦٣).","vol":"4","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-762>بابُ السُّنَّةِ فى وُقوفِ المُصَلِّى إذا صَلَّى إلى أُسطُوانَةٍ أو ساريَةٍ أو نَحوِها</span>\n\n٣٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ الألهانِىُّ (^١) (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ الوَليدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، عن المُهَلَّبِ بنِ حُجرٍ البَهرانِىِّ، عن ضباعَةَ بنتِ المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيها قال: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى إلى عودٍ ولا عَمودٍ ولا شَجَرَةٍ إلا جَعَلَه على حاجِبِه الأيمَنِ أو الأيسَرِ، ولا يَصمُدُ له صَمدًا. لَفظُ حَديثِ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الصَّغَانِىِّ: قال الوَليدُ بنُ كامِلٍ البَجَلِىُّ: حدَّثَنى المُهَلَّبُ بنُ حُجرٍ البَهرانِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى ضباعَةُ. ولَم يَقُل: ابنَ الأسوَدِ (^٢).\n\n٣٥١٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، عن المُهَلَّبِ بنِ حُجرٍ البَهرانِىِّ، عن ضباعَةَ بنتِ المِقدامِ، عن أبيها قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا صلَّى إلى سُترَةٍ جَعَلَها على حاجِبِه الأيمَنِ أو\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الهلالى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٨١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٦٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٢٠) عن على بن عياش به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١٠: الوليد واهٍ.","vol":"4","page":335},{"text":"حاجِبِه الأيسَرِ، لم يَتَوَسَّطْها (^١).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ حِميَرٍ وبَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن الوَليدِ بنِ كامِلٍ فقال: المِقدادُ (^٢).\nوقيل عن بَقيَّةَ فى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه: المِقدامُ (^٣). والمِقدادُ أصَحُّ، فاللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\nوالحَديثُ تَفَرَّدَ به الوَليدُ بنُ كامِلٍ البَجَلِىُّ الشّامِىُّ (^٤)، قال البخارىُّ: عندَه عَجائبُ (^٥). واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-763>بابُ الدُّنُوِّ مِنَ السُّترَةِ</span>\n\n٣٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن سَهلِ\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ١٦١، ١٦٢ وعنده: المقداد، بدلا من: المقدام.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان فى المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ١٦٢ من طريق محمد بن حمير وبقية به. وابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٤٢ من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٢١) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٤) هو الوليد بن كامل بن معاذ، أبو عبيدة بن أبى الوليد الامى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٨/ ١٥٢، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٤، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٥٥٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٤١، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٨٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٧، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣٣٥: لين الحديث.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٥٢.","vol":"4","page":336},{"text":"ابنِ سَعدٍ قال: كان بَينَ مُصَلَّى النبىِّ -ﷺ- وبَينَ الجِدارِ مَمَرُّ الشّاةِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: لم يَكُنْ بَينَ المِنبَرِ وبَينَ الحائطِ إلا قَدرُ مَمَرِّ الشّاةِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَكَىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وحامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى وابنُ السَّرحِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ يَبلُغُ به النبىَّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم إلى سُترَةٍ فليَدْنُ مِنها، لا يَقطَعِ الشَّيطانُ عَليه صَلاته\" (^٥). قال أبو داودَ: ورواه واقِدُ بنُ محمدٍ عن صَفوانَ عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٨٠٤)، وابن حبان (٢٣٧٤) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأبو داود (٦٩٦)، وابن حبان (١٧٦٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبى حازم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٩٦)، ومسلم (٥٠٨/ ٢٦٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٨٢) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٩٧).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٦٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٩٠)، والنسائى (٧٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٠٣)، وابن حبان (٢٣٧٣) من طريق سفيان به وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٤٣).","vol":"4","page":337},{"text":"ابنِ سَهلٍ عن أبيه، أو عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، واختُلِفَ فى إسنادِهِ.\n\n٣٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن واقِدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّه سمِع صَفوانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبيه، أو عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم إلى شَئٍ فلْيَدنُ مِنه، لا يَقطَعِ الشَّيطانُ صَلاتَه\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ مُرسَلًا:\n\n٣٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ المَدَنِىُّ، أنَّ نافِعَ بنَ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ حدَّثه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فليُصَلِّ إلى سُترَةٍ، وليَدنُ مِن سُترَتِه، فإِنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَمُرُّ بَينَه وبَينَها\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد أقامَ إسنادَه سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، وهو حافِظٌ حَجَّةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-764>بابُ مَن صَلَّى إلى غَيِر سُترَةٍ</span>\n\n٣٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٤٤٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٣٩٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٣٠٣) عن داود بن قيس به.","vol":"4","page":338},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمِنًى إلى غَيرِ جِدارٍ، فجِئتُ راكِبًا على حِمارٍ لِى وأَنا يَومَئذٍ قَد راهَقتُ الاحتِلامَ، فمَرَرتُ بَينَ يَدَىْ بَعضِ الصَّفِّ، فنَزَلتُ وأَرسَلتُ الحِمارَ يَرتَعُ ودَخَلتُ مَعَ النّاسِ، فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ أحَدٌ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ قال: قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: إلى غَيرِ جِدارٍ. يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلَمُ: إلى غَيرِ سُترَةٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمة اللَّهُ: وهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ ذَكَرَها مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ﵀ فى هذا الحديثِ فى كِتابِ المَناسِكِ (^٤)، ورواه فى كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ دونَ هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ، ورواه الشافعىُّ ﵀ عنه فى القَديمِ كما رواه فى المَناسِكِ، وفِى الجَديدِ كما رواه فى الصَّلاةِ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٥٥، ١٥٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣١٨٤، ٣١٨٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٨٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٤)، وابن حبان (٢١٥١، ٢٣٩٣). وسيأتى فى (٣٥٤٣، ٣٥٤٤) من طرق أخرى عن مالك.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٦).\n(^٣) الشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ١٣٩.\n(^٤) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية أبى مصعب (١٣٥٧).","vol":"4","page":339},{"text":"٣٥٢٣ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمد عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمد بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بحَكَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنى أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ الجَزّارِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى فى فضاءٍ لَيسَ بَينَ يَدَيه شَئٌ (^١).\nولَه شاهِدٌ بإِسنادٍ أصحُّ مِن هذا عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ، وسَيَرِدُ بَعدَ هذا إن شاءَ اللَّه تَعالَى (^٢).\n\n٣٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبى وداعَةَ السَّهمِىِّ، عن بَعضِ أهلِه، أنَّه سمِع جَدَّه المُطَّلِبَ بنَ أبى وداعَةَ يقولُ: رأَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى مِمّا يَلِى بابَ بنى سَهمٍ والنّاسُ يَمُرّونَ بَينَ يَدَيه، لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَ الطّوّافِ سُترَةٌ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يَعنى ابنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ فى هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٥) عن أبى معاوية به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٦٣: وفيه الحجاج بن أرطاة وفيه ضعف.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٣٥٥٠، ٣٥٥١). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١١: شاهده أوهى منه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٤١)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٠١٦)، عن سفيان به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف =","vol":"4","page":340},{"text":"الحديثِ: قال سُفيانُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ جرَيجٍ يقول: أخبرَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: رأَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى والنّاسُ يَمُرّونَ (^١). قال سُفيانُ: فذَهَبتُ إلى كَثيرٍ فسأَلتُه قُلتُ: حَديثٌ تُحَدِّثُه عن أبيكَ؟ قال: لم أسمَعْه مِن أبى، حدَّثَنى بَعضُ أهلِى، عن جَدِّى المُطَّلِبِ (^٢). قال عَلِىٌّ: قَولُه: لم أسمَعْه مِن أبى. شَديدٌ على ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. قال أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ: يَعنِى ابنَ جُرَيجٍ لم يَضبِطْه.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن كَثيرٍ عن أبيه قال: حدَّثَنى أعيانُ بنى المُطَّلِبِ عن المُطَّلِبِ (^٣). ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ أحفَظُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-765>بابُ مَن قال: يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ إذا لم يَكُنْ بَيَن يَدَيه سُترَةٌ؛ المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ والكلبُ الأسوَدُ</span>\n\n٣٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدِ ابنِ هِلالٍ العَدَوِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الصّامِتِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يَقطَعُ صَلاةَ الرَّجُلِ إذا لم يَكُنْ\n_________\n= أبى داود (٤٣٧).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٤٤)، والنسائى (٧٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٨١٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٤١).\n(^٢) أخرج هذه الرواية أحمد (٢٧٢٤٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٢٩٠ (٦٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"4","page":341},{"text":"بَينَ يَدَيه مِثلُ مُؤْخِرَةِ الرَّحلِ، المَرأةُ والحِمارُ والكَلبُ الأسوَدُ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ فما بالُ الأسوَدِ مِنَ الأبيَضِ مِنَ الأحمَرِ؟ قال: يا ابنَ أخِى سأَلتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كما سأَلتَنِى، فقالَ: \"الكَلبُ الأسوَدُ شَيطانٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ ويونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ وجَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ وسَلْمِ بنِ أبى الذَّيّالِ وعاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، فساقَ حَديثَ يونُسَ، ثم أحالَ عليه حَديثَ الباقينَ (^٢)، وهَذا مِنه رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وإيّاه تَجَوُّزٌ، فحَديثُ بَعضِهِم كما:\n\n٣٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ ابنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: يَقطَعُ صَلاةَ الرَّجُلِ إذا لم يَكُنْ بَينَ يَدَيه مِثلُ آخِرَةِ الرَّحلِ، المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ والكَلبُ الأسوَدُ. فقُلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ أرأَيتَ الكَلبَ الأسوَدَ مِنَ الكَلبِ الأحمَرِ مِنَ الكَلبِ الأبيَضِ؟ قال: قال: يا ابنَ أخِى إنِّى سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كما سأَلتَنِى، فقالَ: \"الكَلبُ الأسوَدُ شَيطانٌ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ إلا أنَّه لم يَسُقْه (^٤). وهَكَذا قالَه عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ عن حُمَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٢٣)، وأبو داود (٧٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٠)، وابن حبان (٢٣٨٥) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائى (٧٤٩) من طريق حميد بن هلال به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٣٨٤) من طريق شيبان بن فروخ به. وأحمد (٢١٤٠٢)، وأبو داود (٧٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٢١٠) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به مختصرا.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥١٠/. . .).","vol":"4","page":342},{"text":"جَعَلَ أوَّلَ الحديثِ مِن قَولِ أبى ذَرٍّ، ثم جَعَلَه مَرفوعًا بالسُّؤالِ فى آخِرِهِ.\nوأَعرَضَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ عن الاحتِجاجِ برِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، واحتَجَّ بها غَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ.\nوَقَد أشارَ الشافعىُّ ﵀ إلى تَضعيفِ الحديثِ فى هذا البابِ وخِلافِه ما هو أثبَتُ مِنه، فإِمّا أن يَكونَ غَيرَ مَحفوظٍ، أو يَكونَ المُرادُ به أنَّه يَلهو ببَعضِ ما يَمُرُّ بَينَ يَدَيه فيَقطَعُه عن الاشتِغالِ بها، لا أنَّه يُفسِدُ الصَّلاةَ (^١). وهَذا الذى حَمَلَ الحديثَ عليه أولَى به، فنَحنُ نَحتَجُّ بمِثلِ إسنادِ هذا الحَديثِ، ولَه شَواهِدُ بَعضُها صحيحُ الإسناد مِثلُه (^٢).\n\n٣٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا المخزومِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأصَمِّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ الأصمِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ المَرأةُ والكَلبُ والحِمارُ، ويَقِى ذَلِكَ مِثلُ مُؤْخِرَةِ الرَّحْلِ\". رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\nويُروَى عن قَتادَةَ عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤). وقيل: عنه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر اختلاف الحديث ص ١٣٩، ١٤٠، ومعرفة السنن والآثار ٢/ ١٢٣، ١٢٤.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١٣: إن احتججت به فهو نص فى قطع الصلاة وفسادها.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥١١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٩٠) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"4","page":343},{"text":"عن زُرارَةَ عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^١). وقيل: عنه عن الحسنِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ (^٢)، كِلاهُما عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُختَصرًا (^٣).\n\n٣٥٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ المَرأةُ الحائضُ والكَلبُ\" (^٤). قالَ يَحيَى هو القَطّانُ: لم يَرفَعْ هذا الحديثَ أحَدٌ عن قَتادَةَ غَيرُ شُعبَةَ. قالَ يَحيَى: وأَنا أَفْرُقُه (^٥). قالَ: ورواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ وهِشامٌ عن قَتادَةَ. يَعنِى موقوفًا (^٦). قالَ يَحيَى: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ هَمّامًا يُدخِلُ بَينَ قَتادَةَ وجابرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبا الخَليلِ (^٧). قالَ عَلِىٌّ: ولَم يَرفَعْ هَمّامٌ الحديثَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والثّابِتُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ لا يُفسِدُ الصَّلاةَ ولَكِن يُكرَهُ (^٨). وذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ مِن قَولِه مَعَ قَولِه: يَقطَعُ. على أنَّ المُرادَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٩٥٠) من طريق قتادة به. وفى الزوائد: إسناده صحيح. فقد احتج البخارى بجميع رواته.\n(^٢) فى س: \"معقل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٣٨٦) من طريق قتادة به. قال الذهبى عن إسناد ابن ماجه: إسناده قوى. المهذب ٢/ ٧١٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٤١)، وأبو داود (٧٠٣)، والنسائى (٧٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٩٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٥١).\n(^٥) يعنى: أخاه، وأخاف أن يكون غَلِط فيه شعبة.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائى (٧٥٠) من طريق هشام به. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٧٠٣) عن هشام وابن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٧) ذكره ابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ٢٠٢١، ٢٥٩١ من طريق همام به.\n(^٨) سيأتى فى (٣٥٥٦).","vol":"4","page":344},{"text":"بالقَطعِ غَيرُ الإفسادِ.\nويُروَى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-:\n\n٣٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ هو ابنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ بَحرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال أحسِبه أسنَدَ ذلك إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ-، قال: \"يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ الكَلبُ والحِمارُ، والمَرأةُ الحائضُ، واليَهودِىُّ والنَّصرانِىُّ، والمَجوسِىُّ والخِنزيرُ، ويَكفيكَ إذا كانوا مِنكَ على قَدرِ رَميَةٍ بحَجَرٍ لم يَقطَعوا صَلَاتكَ\" (^١).\n\n٣٥٣٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البَصرِىُّ مَولَى بنى هاشِمٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذٌ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: أحسِبُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم إلى غَيرِ السُّترَةِ، فإِنَّه يَقطَعُ صَلَاته. . . \". ولَم يَذكر النَّصرانِىَّ قال: \"والمَرأَةُ\". ولَم يَذكُرِ الحائضَ. قال: \"ويُجزِئُ عنه إذا مَرُّوا بَينَ يَدَيه على قدرِ رمية بحَجَرٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٥٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سعيدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٧٤ - منتخب)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٥٨، وابن جرير فى تهذيبه (٥٨٥ - تتمة مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٤٢٦ من طريق معاذ بن هشام.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٧٠٤). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٣٧).","vol":"4","page":345},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن مَولًى ليَزيدَ بنِ نِمرانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ نِمرانَ قال: رأَيتُ رجلًا بتَبوكَ مُقعَدًا فقالَ: مَرَرتُ بَينَ يَدَىِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وأَنا على حِمارٍ وهو يُصَلِّى فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اقطَعْ أثَرَه\". فما مَشَيتُ عليها (^١) بَعدُ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَيوَةَ، عن سعيدٍ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، زادَ فقالَ: \"قَطَعَ صَلاتَنا قَطَعَ اللَّهُ أثَرَه\". قال أبو داودَ: ورواه أبو مُسهِرٍ عن سعيدٍ: \"قَطَعَ صَلَاتنا\" (^٣).\n\n٣٥٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ ابنُ سعيدٍ الهَمدانِىُّ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ قالا: حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ غَزوانَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه نَزَلَ بتَبوكَ وهو حاجٌّ، فإِذا رجلٌ مُقعَدٌ، فسأَلتُه عن أمرِه فقالَ: سأُحَدِّثُكَ حَديثًا فلا تُحَدِّثْ به ما سَمِعتَ أنِّى حَىٌّ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَزَلَ بتَبوكَ إلى \"نخلَةٍ\" فقالَ: \"هَذِه قِبلَتُنا\". ثمَّ صَلَّى إلَيها. قال: فأَقبَلتُ وأَنا غُلامٌ أسعَى حَتَّى مَرَرتُ بَينَه وبَينَها فقالَ: \"قَطَعَ صَلاتَنا، قَطَعَ اللَّه أثَرَه\". فما قُمتُ عَلَيها إلى يَومِى هَذا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عليه\". والمثبت من سنن أبى داود.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤٣، وأبو داود (٧٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٠٨) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٣٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤٣، وأبو داود (٧٠٦). قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١٤: رواه أبو مسهر عن سعيد فقال: عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر عن يزيد بن جابر عن يزيد بن نمران عن المقعد، وهذا أقوى طرقه.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤٣، ٢٤٤، وأبو داود (٧٠٧). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٤٠).","vol":"4","page":346},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-766>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ مُرورَ المَرأَةِ بَيَن يَدَيه لا يُفسِدُ الصَّلاةَ</span>\n\n٣٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه مِنَ الليل وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ كاعتِراضِ الجِنازَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلٍ وابنِ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ حَفصٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما تَقولونَ فيما يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ. قالَت: إنَّ المَرأَةَ لَدابَّةُ سَوءٍ! لَقَد رأَيتُنى مُعتَرِضَةً بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كاعتِراضِ الجِنازَةِ وهو يُصَلِّى (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٩٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتى فى (٣٧٤٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٦٧)، والبخارى (٣٨٣، ٥١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٤٧)، وابن حبان (٢٣٩٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٦٩).","vol":"4","page":347},{"text":"حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ بَينَ يَدَيهِ. قالَ شُعبَةُ: قالَ سَعدٌ: وأَحسِبُها قالَت: وأَنا حائضٌ (^١).\n\n٣٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى النَّضرِ مَولَى عمرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ أنامُ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ورِجلاىَ فى قِبلَتِه، فإِذا سَجَدَ غَمَزَنِى فقَبَضتُ رِجلَىَّ، فإِذا قامَ بَسَطتُهُما. قالَت: والبُيوتُ يَومَئذٍ لَيسَ فيها مَصابيحُ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ مُعتَرِضَةً فى قِبلَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيُصَلِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَنا أمامَه، فإذا أرادَ أن يُوتِرَ قالَ: \"تَنَحَّىْ\" (^٣).\nوقالَ عُروَةُ، عن عائشةَ: فإِذا أرادَ أن يُوتِرَ أيقَظَنِى وأَوتَرتُ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٥٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٩، ٢٤٦٦٤)، وأبو داود (٧١٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٤٧٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٧١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٨٩)، وابن حبان (٢٣٤٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"4","page":348},{"text":"وذَلِكَ أصَحُّ (^١).\n\n٣٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ قال: حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى مسلمٌ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، وذُكِرَ عندَها ما يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ؛ الكَلبُ والحِمارُ، والمَرأَةُ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: قَد شَبَّهتُمونا بالحَميرِ والكِلابِ! واللَّهِ لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى وأَنا على السَّريرِ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ مُضطَجِعَةٌ، فتَبدو لِىَ الحاجَة فأَكرَهُ أن أجلِسَ فأُوذِىَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَنسَلُّ مِن عِندِ رِجلَيهِ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرَ ابنِ حَفصٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عمرَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ، قال: قيلَ لَها: إنَّ ناسًا يَقولونَ: إنَّ الصَّلاةَ يَقطَعُها الكَلبُ والحِمارُ والمَرأَةُ. قالَت: ألا أُرأهُم قَد عَدَلونا بالكِلابِ والحَميرِ! وربما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى باللَّيلِ وأَنا على السَّريرِ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فيَكونُ لِى حاجَةٌ فأَنسَلُّ مِن قِبَلِ رِجلَى السَّريرِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٥٣٤، ٣٥٣٦)، وسيأتى فى (٣٥٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٥) من طريق حفص به، وعند أحمد بالإسناد الثانى.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٤)، ومسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٧٠).","vol":"4","page":349},{"text":"كَراهيَةَ أن أستَقبِلَه بوَجهِى (^١).\n\n٣٥٤١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدَّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وقُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن جَريرٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: عَدَلتُمونا بالكِلابِ والحُمُرِ! لَقَد رأَيتُنِى مُضطَجِعَةً على السريرِ فيَجِئُ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيَتَوَسَّطُ السريرَ فيُصَلِّى، فأَكرَهُ أن أسنَحَه (^٢)، فأَنسَلُّ مِن قِبَلِ رِجلَىِ السَّريرِ حَتَّى أنسَل مِن لِحافِى (^٣). قال قُتَيبَةُ فى حَديثِه: حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال الأسوَدُ، عن عائشَةَ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-767>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ مُرورَ الحِمارِ بَينَ يَدَيه لا يُفسِدُ الصَّلاةَ</span>\n\n٣٥٤٢ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) أى: أسير أمامه وأقوم فى وجهه فأقطع صلاته. وقد يكون \"أسنحه\" هنا: أتعرض له فى صلاته. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٣) مسند إسحاق بن راهويه (١٤٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤١٢)، والنسائى (٧٥٤) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٠٨)، ومسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٧١).","vol":"4","page":350},{"text":"أخبرنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حدَّثه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، سمِع ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: جِئتُ أنا والفَضلُ بنُ العباسِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ ونَحنُ على أتانٍ لَنا، فمَرَرنا ببَعضِ الصَّفِّ فنَزَلنا عَنها وتَرَكْناها تَرتَعُ، ولَم يَقُلْ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَيئًا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السِّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقبَلتُ راكِبًا على أتانٍ وأَنا يومَئذٍ قَد ناهَزتُ الاحتِلامَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ بمِنًى، فمَرَرتُ بَينَ يَدَىْ بَعضِ الصفِّ، فنَزَلتُ وأَرسَلتُ الأتانَ تَرتَعُ، ودَخَلتُ فى الصَّفِّ، فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ أحَدٌ (^٣). وفِى حَديثِ الشافعىِّ: فأَرسَلتُ حِمارِى تَرتَعُ ودَخَلتُ الصَّفَّ فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ أحَدٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٤٧). وتقدم فى (٣٥٢٢) بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٦/ ٥٠٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٥٢)، والشافعى ١/ ١٨٨ (٢٠٥ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أبو داود (٧١٥) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم فى (٣٥٢٢) من طريق مالك. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٥٩).","vol":"4","page":351},{"text":"٣٥٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ إلا أنه قال: بَينَ يَدَىِ الصَّفِّ. وقالَ: فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ أحَدٌ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nورواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فقالَ: فى حِجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣). ورواه مَعمَر عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فقالَ: فى حِجَّةِ الوَداعِ. أو قال: يَومَ الفَتحِ (^٤).\nوحِجَّةُ الوَداعِ أصحُّ.\nورُوّينا فى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ فى كِتابِ المَناسِكِ مِنَ \"الموطأ\" أنَّه قال فى هذا الحديثِ: إلى غَيرِ جِدارٍ. قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلَمُ: إلى غَيرِ سُترَةٍ (^٥).\nوذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ على خَطأَ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّه صَلَّى إلى سُترَةٍ، وأنَّ سُترَةَ الإمامِ سُترَةُ المأمومِ، فلِذَلِكَ لم يَقطَعْ مُرورُ الحِمارِ بَينَ أيديهِم صَلاتَهُم، ففِى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ دَليلٌ على أنَّه صَلَّى إلى غَيرِ سُترَةٍ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٥٥، ١٥٦.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٩٣، ٨٦١)، ومسلم (٥٠٤/ ٢٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٥٠٤/ ٢٥٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٥٤)، ومسلم (٥٠٤/ ٢٥٧)، والترمذى (٣٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية مصعب (١٣٥٧)، وتقدم فى (٣٥٢٢).","vol":"4","page":352},{"text":"٣٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن أبى الصَّهباءِ قال: كُنا عندَ ابنِ عباسٍ فذَكَروا عندَه ما يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ فقالَ: الكَلبُ والمَرأَةُ والحِمارُ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: جِئتُ أنا وغُلامٌ مِن بنى هاشِمٍ أو بنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ مُرتَدِفَينِ على حِمارٍ، ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ فى خَلاءٍ، فنَزَلنا عن الحِمارِ وتَرَكناه بَينَ أيدِيهم فما بالاه (^١). قال: وجاءَت جاريَتانِ مِن بنى هاشِمٍ تَشتَدّانِ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، فاقتَتَلَتا (^٢) فأَخَذَهُما فنَزَعَ إحدَاهِما مِنَ الأُخرَى فما بالاه (^٣).\n\n٣٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن صُهَيبٍ، قُلتُ: مَن صُهَيبٌ؟ قال: رجلٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان على حِمارٍ هو وغُلامٌ مِن بنى هاشِمٍ فمَرَّ بَينَ يَدَىِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى، فلَم يَنصَرِفْ لِذَلِكَ، وجاءَت جاريَتانِ مِن بنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فأَخَذَتا برُكبَتَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-! ففَرَّعَ بَينَهُما -يَعنِى بذَلِكَ: فرَّقَ بَينَهُما-\n_________\n(^١) فما بالاه: أى: ما اكترث وما التفت، يقال: لا أباليه، ولا أبالى منه. عون المعبود ١/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) فى س: \"فاقبلتنا\". وفى حاشية م: \"أقبلتا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٧١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٧، ٨٨٢)، وابن حبان (٢٣٨١) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦١٦).","vol":"4","page":353},{"text":"ولَم يَنصَرِفْ لِذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٣٥٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الحسنِ العُرَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جِئتُ أنا وغُلام مِن بنى عبدِ المُطلِبِ على حِمارٍ، ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ، فأَرسَلنا الحِمارَ ودَخَلنا فى الصَّلاةِ، وجاءَت جاريَتانِ مِن بنى عبدِ المُطلِبِ تَستَبِقانِ، ففَرَّجَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما ولَم يَقطَعْ عليه شَيئًا، وسَقَطَ جَدىٌ بَينَ يَدَيه مِن كَوَّةٍ فلَم يَقطَعْ عليه صَلاتَه (^٢).\n\n٣٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قراءةً، و(^٣) حَدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الصَيدَلانِىُّ لَفظًا قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنى إدريسُ يَعنِى ابنَ يَحيَى، عن بكرِ بنِ مُضَرَ، عن صَخرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، أنَّه سمِع عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى بالنّاسِ فمَرَّ بَينَ أيديهِم حِمارٌ، فقالَ عَيّاشُ بنُ أبى رَبيعَةَ: سُبحانَ اللَّه! سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! فلَمّا سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٨٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٥، ٣١٦٧)، والشافعى (٧٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٨٣٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٥٣) من طريق الحسن العرنى به. فى الزوائد: إسناده صحيح إلا أنه منقطع.\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م. وتقدمت ترجمته فى (١٠٧٨).","vol":"4","page":354},{"text":"المُسَبِّحُ آنِفًا: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ وبِحَمدِه؟ \". قال: فقالَ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ أنَّ الحِمارَ يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ. قال: \"لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ شَئٌ\" (^١).\n\n٣٥٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ قال: قيلَ لابنِ عمرَ: إنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ يقولُ: يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ الكَلبُ والحِمارُ. فقالَ ابنُ عمرَ: لا يَقطَعُ صَلاةَ المُسلِمِ شَئٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-768>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ مُرورَ الكَلبِ وغَيرِه بَينَ يَدَيه لا يُفسِدُ الصَّلاةَ</span>\n\n٣٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ علىٍّ، عن عَبّاسِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: زارَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- عَبّاسًا فى باديَةٍ لَنا ولَنا كُلَيبَةٌ وحِمارَةٌ تَرعَى، فصلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- العَصرَ وهُما بَينَ يَدَيه لم تُؤَخَّرا ولَم تُزجَرا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الباغندى فى مسند عمر بن عبد العزيز (٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن منقذ به. والباغندى (٨) من طريق إدريس بن يحيى به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١٧: صخر اتهم بالوضع، وهذا خبر منكر جدًّا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٩٩)، وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٥١٥ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٦٣ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٧)، والنسائى (٧٥٢) من طريق حجاج به. وأنكره الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٣٠).","vol":"4","page":355},{"text":"٣٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن جَدِّى، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ علىٍّ، عن عَبّاسِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عَبَّاسٌ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: أتانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ فى باديَةٍ ومَعَه عَبّاسٌ، فصَلَّى فى صَحراءَ لَيسَ بَينَ يَدَيه سُترَةٌ وحِمارَةٌ لَنا وكُلَيْبَةٌ تَعبَثانِ بَينَ يَدَيه، فما بالَى ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٣٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا مُجالِدٌ، عن أبى الوَدّاكِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ شَئٌ، وادرأْ ما استَطَعتَ فإِنَّه شيطانٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٥٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّد، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا مُجالِدٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَدّاكِ قال: مَرَّ شابٌّ مِن قُرَيشٍ بَينَ يَدَىْ أبى سعيدٍ وهو يُصَلِّى فدَفَعَه، ثم عادَ فدَفَعَه، ثم عادَ فدَفَعَه، ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ قال: إنَّ الصَّلاةَ لا يَقطَعُها شَئٌ ولَكن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٥٧). وأبو داود (٧١٨). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٤٢).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الحسن\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى (٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٧١٩) من طريق أبى أسامة به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧١٠١: مجالد ضعيف.","vol":"4","page":356},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ادرَءوا ما استَطَعتم فإِنَّه شيطان\" (^١).\n\n٣٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ وشُعبَةُ قالا: حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ وعَليًّا -﵄- قالا: لا يَقطَعُ صلاةَ المُسلِمِ شَئٌ، وادرَءوهُم ما استَطَعتُم (^٢).\n\n٣٥٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدتْنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابن بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ شَئٌ ممّا يَمرُّ بَينَ يَدَىِ المُصَلِّى (^٣).\nورواه أبو عَقيلٍ يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ الباهِلِىُّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ المَكِّىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فرَفَعَه (^٤)، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٣٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ فقيلَ له: أيَقطَعُ الكَلبُ والحِمارُ والمَرأَةُ الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ﴿إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٢٠) عن مسدد به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٦٤ من طريق هشام وشعبة به، ولفظه: وادرءوا عنها ما استطعتم.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٥٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٧، ٣٦٨ من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"4","page":357},{"text":"الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ﴾ [فاطر: ١٠]. فما يَقطَعُ هذا؟ ولكن يُكرَهُ (^١).\n\n٣٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ. فذكَره بنَحوِه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-769>بابُ مَن كَرِه الصَّلاةَ إلى نائمٍ أو مُتَحَدِّثٍ</span>\n\n٣٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أيمَنَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ، عمن حدَّثه، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ قال: قُلتُ يعنى (^٢) لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُصَلُّوا خَلفَ النّائمِ ولا المُتَحَدِّث\" (^٣). وهَذا أحسَنُ ما روِى فى هذا البابِ، وهو مُرسَلٌ.\nورواه هِشامُ بنُ زيادٍ أبو المِقدامِ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٤)، وهو مَتروكٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٥١٨ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٥٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٩٤). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٤٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٧٤ - منتخب) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) هو هشام بن زياد بن أبى يزيد القرشى أبو المقدام. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٠٠، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٥٨، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٠٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ٣٨، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣١٨: متروك.","vol":"4","page":358},{"text":"وأَصَحُّ أثَرٍ روِى فى هذا البابِ ما:\n\n٣٥٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مَعديكَرِبَ الهَمدانِىِّ قالَ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: لا تَصلُّوا بَينَ الأساطينِ (^١)، ولا تُصَلِّ وبَينَ يَدَيكَ قَومٌ يَمتَرونَ أو يَلعَبونَ (^٢).\nوهَذا المَوقوفُ فى قَومٍ يَمتَرونَ بَينَ يَدَيه فيُلهيه سَماعُ أصواتِهِم وكَلامِهِم عن الخُشوعِ فى الصَّلاةِ، فيَتَّقِى ذَلِكَ ما استَطاعَ، فأَمّا الصَّلاةُ وبَينَ يَدَيه نائمٌ لا يَحتَشِمُ مِنه، فقَد كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَفعَلُها. وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n٣٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ (ح) قالَ: وأَخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كانَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يُوتِرَ أيقَظَنِى فأَوتَرتُ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) الأساطين: جمع أسطوان وهو السارية والعمود وشبهه. ينظر مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٥٧٢) من طريق سفيان به، ووقع عنده: ابن سعد. مكان: ابن مسعود. بلفظ: ولا تأتموا بقوم يمترون ويلغون. وسيأتى هذا الأثر مرة أخرى فى (٥٢٧٢).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٨٨٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٤) من طريق وكيع به. وأحمد =","vol":"4","page":359},{"text":"وكيعٍ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورواه البخارىُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n_________\n= (٢٤٢٣٦)، وأبو داود (٧١١)، والنسائى (٧٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٨٢٣، ٨٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٣٤١، ٢٣٤٤، ٢٣٤٥، ٢٣٤٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^١) مسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٦٨)، والبخارى (٥١٢، ٩٩٧).","vol":"4","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-770>[جِماعُ أبوابِ] (^١) الخُشوعِ فى الصَّلاةِ والإِقبالِ عَلَيها</span>\nقالَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤه ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١) الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١ - ٢]\n\n٣٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ المَسعودِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سِنانٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّه سُئِلَ سُئلَ عن قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. قال: الخُشوعُ فى القَلبِ، وأَن تُلِينَ كَتِفَكَ لِلمَرءِ المُسلِمِ، وأَلَّا تَلتَفِتَ فى صَلاتِكَ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه وأبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ يَزيدَ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنيهِ أبو عثمانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: كانَت عَلَينا رِعايَةُ الإِبِلِ، فكانَت نَوبَتِى، فرَوَّحتُها بعَشِىٍّ، فأَدرَكتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قائمًا يُحَدِّثُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"باب\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٣. وابن المبارك فى الزهد (١١٤٨). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٩ من طريق المسعودى به. وعبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٤٣ من طريق أبى سنان به. وعندهم ما عدا الحاكم: عن رجل. مكان: عن عبيد اللَّه بن أبى رافع. وعند ابن المبارك وابن جرير: كنفك. بدل: كتفك. وعند عبد الرزاق: كتفيك. وينظر الدر المنثور ١٠/ ٥٥٨.","vol":"4","page":361},{"text":"النّاسَ، فأَدرَكتُ مِن قَولِه: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَتَوَضّأُ فيُحسِنُ الوُضوءَ، ثم يَقومُ فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ يُقبِلُ عَلَيهِما بقَلبِه ووَجهِه، إلا وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ\". فقُلتُ: ما أجوَدَ هَذِه! فإِذا قائلٌ بَينَ يَدَىَّ يقولُ: الَّتِى قَبلَها أجوَدُ. فنَظَرتُ فإِذا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: إنِّى قَد رأَيتُكَ جِئتَ آنِفًا. قال: \"ما مِنكُم مِن أحَدٍ يَتَوَضّأُ، ثم يقولُ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأشهَدُ أن محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه. إلا فُتِحَت له أبوابُ الجَنَّةِ الثَّمانيَةُ يَدخُلُ مِن أيُّها شاءَ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ وقالَ: عن أبى إدريسَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى أبو عثمانَ، وإِنَّما يَقولُه مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ تَوَضّأَ: \"مَن تَوَضّأ نَحوَ وُضوئى هذا، ثم قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ لا يُحَدِّثُ فيهِما نَفسَه، غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٣).\n\n٣٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: رآنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحن رافِعِى (^٤) أيدينا فى الصَّلاةِ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٦٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧/ ٢٣٤).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٢٢، ٢٤٦، ٢٦٥، ٣٢٠).\n(^٤) كذا فى: س، م، والنسخ الخطية للمسند وأطراف المسند (١٣٦٢). وعند أبى داود والنسائى وابن حبان: \"رافعوا\". وكذا جاء فى المهذب ٢/ ٧١٩.","vol":"4","page":362},{"text":"\"اسكُنوا فى الصَّلاةِ\".\n\n٣٥٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: دَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ رافِعِى أيدينا فى الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"ما لِى أراكُم رافِعِى أيديكُم كأنَّها أذنابُ خَيلٍ شُمْسٍ؟ اسكُنوا فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- إذا قامَ فى الصَّلاةِ كأَنَّه عودٌ، وحَدَّثَ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ كان كَذَلِكَ. قال: وكانَ يُقالُ: ذاكَ الخُشوعُ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: قارّوا فى الصَّلاةِ. يَعنِى: اسكُنوا فيها.\n\n٣٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢١٠٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٧٥)، ومسلم (٤٣٠)، وأبو داود (٩١٢، ١٠٠٠)، والنسائى (١١٨٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٧٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد فى فضائل الصحابة (٢٣٠) من طريق فضيل به. وابن أبى شيبة (٧٣١٥)، والمروزى فى تعظيم قدر الصلاة (١٤٤) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"4","page":363},{"text":"الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حدَّثَنى الأعمَشُ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ مَسعودٍ: قارّوا فى الصلاةِ (^١).\n\n٣٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. قال: السُّكونُ فيها (^٢).\n\n٣٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سَعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ قال: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. قال: خائفونَ (^٣).\n\n٣٥٦٩ - وبِإِسنادِه عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. قال: الخُشوعُ فى القَلبِ وإِلبادُ البَصَرِ (^٤) فى الصَّلاةِ (٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"صلاة\". وفى مصادر التخريج: \"الصلاة\". وفى النهاية ٤/ ٣٨: ومنه حديث ابن مسعود: قاروا الصلاة. أى: اسكنوا فيها ولا تتحركوا ولا تعبثوا، وهو تفاعل من القرار. اهـ. وكذا جاء تفسيره فى مصنف ابن أبى شيبة فى الأثر.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٣٠٥) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٧٣١٦) من طريق الأعمش به، وابن أبى شيبة (٧٣٢٠، ٧٣٢١) من طريق أبى الضحى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٨ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وابن المبارك فى الزهد (١٦٩، ١١٤٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٣٢٦٢) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٤٣، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ١٠ من طريق معمر عن الحسن وقتادة.\n(^٤) إلباد البصر: إلزامه موضع السجود فى الصلاة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣١٢.","vol":"4","page":364},{"text":"٣٥٧٠ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِى الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ الْمِهْرَجَانِىُّ بِهَا أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِىِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَنَمَةَ، أَنَّ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَصَلَّى صَلَاةً فَأَخَفَّهَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ إِنَّكَ خَفَّفْتَ. فَقَالَ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَنِى انْتَقَصْتُ مِنْ حُدُودِهَا شَيْئًا؟ إِنِّى بَادَرْتُ بِهَا سَهْوَةَ الشَّيْطَانِ، إِنِّى سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقُولُ: \"إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُصَلِّى الصَّلَاةَ مَا لَهُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا عُشْرُهَا، تُسْعُهَا، ثُمُنُهَا، سُبُعُهَا، سُدُسُهَا، خُمُسُهَا، رُبُعُهَا، ثُلُثُهَا، نِصْفُهَا\" (^١). هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِىِّ.\nوَرَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِى سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِىِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِى بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ: يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ أَرَاكَ قَدْ خَفَّفْتَهَا (^٢).\nوَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ أَبِى لَاسٍ الْخُزَاعِىِّ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ. فَذَكَرَهُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٩٤)، وأبو داود (٧٩٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦١٢) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧١٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦١١)، وابن حبان (١٨٨٩) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٢٣) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"4","page":365},{"text":"وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِى هِلَالٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ أَبِى الْيُسْرِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَالَ: \"مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّى الصَّلَاةَ كَامِلَةً، وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّى النِّصْفَ وَالثُّلُثَ وَالرُّبُعَ، وَالْخُمُسَ\". حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْعُشُرَ (^١).\nوَرَوَاهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِى هِلَالٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِىِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَالَ: \"إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيُصَلِّى، فَمَا يُكْتَبُ لَهُ إِلَّا عُشْرُ صَلَاتِهِ، وَالتُّسُعُ، وَالثُّمُنُ، وَالسُّبُعُ، حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ لَهُ صَلَاتُهُ تَامَّةً\" (^٢).\n\n٣٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه التاجِرُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّه الأنصارىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَستَوفِزَ الرَّجُلُ (^٣) فى صَلاتِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-771>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الالتِفاتِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّىُّ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٢٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦١٣) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦١٤) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) أى أن يقعد فى صلاته منتصبا غير مطمئن. التيسير بشرح الجامع الصغير ٢/ ٩٢٣.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"4","page":366},{"text":"أبو الأحوَصِ، حدَّثَنا أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الالتِفاتِ فى الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"هو اختِلاسٌ يَختَلِسُه الشَّيطانُ مِن صَلاةِ العَبدِ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ عن أشعَثَ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٥٧٣ - ورواه مِسعَرٌ عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ عن أبى وائلٍ عن مَسروقٍ. أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا زكريا السّاجِىُّ وابنُ ناجيَةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرٌ. فذكَره (^٤)، إلا أنَّ السّاجِىَّ قال: عن عائشةَ رَفَعَته.\n\n٣٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"المستدرك\"، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩١٠) عن مسدد به. والبخارى (٣٢٩١)، والترمذى (٥٩٠)، والنسائى (١١٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٤، ٩٣١) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٨٤، ٩٣١) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٤٦)، والنسائى (١١٩٥) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٨٧) عن زكريا الساجى به، وفيه: عن أشعث عن أبيه عن مسروق. قال ابن حجر فى الفتح ٢/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٥: ووقع عند البيهقى من رواية مسعر عن أشعث عن أبى وائل، فهذا اختلاف على أشعث. . . وأما الرواية عن أبى وائل فشاذة؛ لأنه لا يعرف من حديثه. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٤/ ٢٨٠.","vol":"4","page":367},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّه بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا الأحوَصِ يُحَدِّثُنا فى مَجلِسِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قالَ: قالَ أبو ذَرٍّ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَزالُ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه مُقبِلًا على العَبدِ وهو فى صَلاتِه ما لم يَلتَفِتْ، فإِذا التَفَتَ انصرَفَ عنه\" (^١).\n\n٣٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، حدَّثَنى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأحوَصِ يُحَدِّثُ فى مَجلِسِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا ذَرٍّ قالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَزالُ اللَّهُ ﷿ مُقبِلًا على العَبدِ ما لم يَلتَفِتْ، فإِذا صَرَفَ وجهَه انصَرَفَ عنه\" (^٢).\nورواه الحارِثُ الأشعَرِىُّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه:\n\n٣٥٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقاقُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزَهَرِ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدَّثَنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدَّثَنى أخِى زَيدُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، أنَّه سمِع جدَّه أبا سَلَّامٍ يقولُ: حدَّثَنى الحارِثُ الأشعَرِىُّ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٣٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأبو داود (٩٠٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٨١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢١: ما أبو الأحوص هذا بعوف صاحب ابن مسعود، ذا مدنى.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٨٢) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به. وأحمد (٢١٥٠٨)، والنسائى (١١٩٤) من طريق يونس به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٥٧).","vol":"4","page":368},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أوحَى إلى يَحيَى بنِ زكريا فقامَ فحَمِدَ اللَّه وأثنَى عليه ثم قال: إن اللَّهَ أمَرَكُم بالصَّلاةِ، وإِنَّ العَبدَ إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى استَقبَلَه اللَّهُ بوَجهِه، فلا يَصرِفُ وجهَه عنه حَتَّى يَكونَ العَبدُ هو الذى يَصرِفُ وجهَه عنه\" (^١).\nورواه أبو تَوبَةَ عن مُعاويَةَ وقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"فإِذا نَصَبتُم وُجوهَكُم فلا تَلتَفِتوا\" (^٢).\nورواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ سلَّامٍ وقالَ: \"فإِذا قمتُم إلى الصَّلاةِ فلا تَلتَفِتوا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-772>بابُ كَراهيَةِ النَّظَرِ فى الصَّلاةِ إلى ما يُلهيه عَنها</span>\n\n٣٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى خَميصَةٍ (^٤) لَها أعلامٌ فقالَ: \"شغَلَتنِى أعلامُ هَذِه الخَميصَةِ، اذهَبوا بها إلى أبى جَهمٍ وأتونِى بأنبِجانيَّتِه (^٥) \" (^٦). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٦٥٤). وأخرجه النسائى كما فى تحفة الأشراف (٣٢٧٤) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٨٣، ٩٣٠) من طريق أبى توبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٠)، والترمذى (٢٨٦٣، ٢٨٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٥) من طريق يحيى به، وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٤) الخميصة: كساء من صوف أو خز معلمة سوداء، كانت من لباس الناس. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٥) الأنبجانية: كساء يتخذ من الصوف وله خمل ولا علم له، وهى من أدون الثياب الغليظة. النهاية ١/ ٧٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائى (٧٧٠) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٨٧)، وأبو داود (٩١٤، ٤٠٥٣)، والنسائى =","vol":"4","page":369},{"text":"عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٣٥٧٨ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الأَصْبَهَانِىُّ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الأَعْرَابِىِّ، حَدَّثَنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ -﵂- قَالَتْ: كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَمِيصَةٌ فَأَعْطَاهَا أَبَا جَهْمٍ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ أَنْبِجَانِيَّةً فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْخَمِيصَةَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الأَنْبِجَانِيَّةِ. قَالَ: \"إِنِّى كُنْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى عَلَمِهَا فِى الصَّلَاةِ\" (^٢). أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِى \"الصحيح\" مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-773>بابُ كَراهيَةِ رَفعِ البَصَرِ إلى السَّماءِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَرفَعونَ أبصارَهُم إلى السَّماءِ فى صَلاتِهِم؟ \". فاشتَدَّ قَولُه فى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قال: \"لَيُنتَهَيَنَّ عن ذَلِكَ أو\n_________\n= (٧٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٩٢٨) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٣٥)، ومسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦٢) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (٣٩٢٨) من طريق سفيان.\n(^١) البخارى (٧٥٢)، ومسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦١).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأربعين الصغرى (١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٩٠) عن أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٥٧٣٤)، وأبو داود (٩١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٢٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦٣).","vol":"4","page":370},{"text":"لَتُخطَفَنَّ أبصارُهُم\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيَنتَهيَنَّ أقوامٌ عن رَفعِهِم أبصارَهُم عندَ الدُّعاءِ فى الصَّلاةِ إلى السَّماءِ أو لَتُخطَفَنَّ أبصارُهُم\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤). وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ:\n\n٣٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيَنتَهيَنَّ أقوامٌ يَرفَعونَ أبصارَهُم إلى السَّماءِ فى الصَّلاةِ، أو لا تَرجِعُ إلَيهِم\" (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٠٤)، وأبو داود (٩١٣)، والنسائى (١١٩٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد وحده به. وأحمد (١٢٠٦٥)، وابن ماجه (١٠٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٤٧٥، ٤٧٦) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (١٣٧١٠) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٥٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٧٤). وأخرجه النسائى (١٢٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٢٩/ ١١٨).\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٦٥)، ومسلم (٤٢٨/ ١١٧)، وأبو داود (٩١٢) من =","vol":"4","page":371},{"text":"عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-774>باب: لا يُجاوِزُ بَصَرُه مَوضِعَ سُجودِهِ</span>\n\n٣٥٨٢ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَونٍ، عن محمد قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا صَلَّى رَفَعَ رأسَه إلى السَّماءِ تَدورُ عَيناه يَنظُرُ ههُنا وههُنا، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١) الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١ - ٢]. فطأطأَ ابنُ عَونٍ رأسَه ونَكَسَ فى الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٨٣ - وروِى ذَلِكَ عن أبى زَيدٍ سعيدِ بنِ أوسٍ عن ابنِ عَونٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوصولًا -والصَّحيحُ هو المُرسَلُ- أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِىُّ (^٣) وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ الرَّفّاءِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا سَعِيدٌ أبو زَيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ. فذكَره، إلا أنَّه قال: كان يَلتَفِتُ فى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى نَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١) الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. فنَكَسَ رأسَه،\n_________\n= طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٠٨٣٧)، وابن ماجه (١٠٤٥) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢٢: هذه الأحاديث نص فى التحريم.\n(^١) مسلم (٤٢٨/ ١١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٧٧)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٤٥) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"المهرجانى\".","vol":"4","page":372},{"text":"ووَصَفَ لَنا أبو زَيدٍ (^١).\n\n٣٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَبّاسُ ابنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ قال: نُبِّئتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا صَلَّى رَفَعَ بَصرَه إلى السَّماءِ، فنَزَلَت آيَةٌ، إن لم تكنْ ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾. فلا أدرِى أىَّ آيَةٍ هِىَ. فكانَ محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ يُحِبُّ ألا يُجاوِزَ بَصَرُه مُصَلَّاه (^٢). هَذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ مَوصولًا كما:\n\n٣٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا صَلَّى رَفَعَ بَصرَه إلى السَّماءِ فنَزَلَت: ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾ فطأطأَ رأسَه (^٣).\nورواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ مُرسَلًا، وهَذا هو المَحفوظُ.\n\n٣٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢٢: الكديمى -يعنى محمد بن يونس- هالك.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسير ١٧/ ٧ من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٣، وقال: حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين لولا خلاف فيه على محمد فقد قيل عنه مرسلا، ولم يخرجاه. قال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٢ عن رواية أبى شعيب: غلط فى وصله.","vol":"4","page":373},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ سَلْمٍ (^١)، حدَّثَنا دُحَيمٌ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَدَقَةَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سليمانَ بنِ داودَ الخَولانِىَّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا قِلابَةَ الجَرْمِىَّ يقولُ: حدَّثَنى عَشَرَةٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن صلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى قيامِه ورُكوعِه وسُجودِه بنَحوٍ مِن صلاةِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، يَعنِى عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ. قال سليمانُ: فرَمَقتُ عمرَ فى صلاتِه فكانَ بَصَرُه إلى مَوضِعِ سُجودِهِ. وذكَر باقِىَ الحديثِ (^٢)، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ.\n\n٣٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ العَطّارَ البَغدادِىَّ، حدَّثَنا نَصرُ ابنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنى الرَّبيعُ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن عُنبُوانَةَ -وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى صادِقٍ: عن عُنطُوانَةَ- عن الحسنِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أينَ أضَعُ بَصَرِى فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: \"عندَ مَوضِعِ سُجودِكَ يا أنَسُ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، هذا شَديدٌ، لا أستَطيعُ هَذا. قال: \"ففِى المَكتوبَةِ إذن\" (^٣). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: قال أبو العباسِ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّه يَحتاجُ أن يَكونَ عُنطُوانَةَ، ولَكِن كَذا\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"سليم\"، وفى الكامل: \"سالم\". وهو أبو محمد عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن سلم، تقدم على الصواب فى (٢/ ٢١١، ٢١٢)، وسيأتى فى (١٩٢٧١)، وقد ورد مرارا على الصواب فى الكامل. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٣/ ١١٢٤. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢٢: الخولانى ضعف وقد قال أبو حاتم: لا بأس به، وصدقة ضعفه البخارى.\n(^٣) الحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٨٢. وأخرجه الخطيب فى الكفاية ص ٢٤٨ من طريق أبى العباس به. وابن عدى ٣/ ٩٩١، والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ٣/ ٤٢٧ من طريق الربيع بن بدر به.","vol":"4","page":374},{"text":"فى كِتابِى.\nقال الشيخُ: رواه جَماعَةٌ عن الرَّبيع بنِ بَدرٍ عن عُنطوانَةَ، والرَّبيعُ بن بَدرٍ ضَعيفٌ (^١)، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٣٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الحِنّائىُّ، حدَّثَنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا عُلَيلَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ، حدَّثَنا عُنطُوانَةُ، عن الحسنِ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أنَسُ اجعَلْ بَصَرَكَ حَيثُ تَسجُدُ\" (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ وقَتادَةَ أنَّهُما كانا يَكرَهانِ تَغميضَ العَينَينِ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٣). وروِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ ولَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-775>بابُ كراهيَةِ مَسحِ الحَصَى وتَسويَتِه فى الصَّلاةِ، فإِن كان لا بُدّ فاعِلًا فمَرَّةً واحِدَةً</span>\n\n٣٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيِعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ يَبلُغُ به النبىَّ -ﷺ- (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٥) ابنُ الفَضلِ (^٦) القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى (١٠١٥).\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ١/ ٧٢٣: عليلة واه.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٦٥٦٢).\n(^٤) ينظر الطبرانى (١٠٩٥٦)، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٦٢، ٢٣٦٣.\n(^٥) فى م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"الفضيل\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى (٣٠).","vol":"4","page":375},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزهرىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأحوَصِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم إلى الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّ الرَّحمَةَ تُواجِهُه، فلا يَمسَحِ الحَصَى (^١) \". قال سُفيانُ: [فقالَ سَعدُ] (^٢) بنُ إبراهيمَ للزهرىِّ (^٣): مَن أبو الأحوَصِ؟ فقالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: أما رأيتَ الشيخَ الذى يُصَلِّى فى الرَّوضَةِ؟ فجَعَلَ الزُّهرِىُّ يَنعَتُه وسَعدٌ لا يَعرِفُه (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم إلى الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّ الرَّحمَةَ تُواجِهُه فلا يَمسَحِ الحَصَى\". لم يَذكُرْ قِصَّةَ سَعدٍ.\n\n٣٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ قال: حدَّثَنى مُعَيقيبٌ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال فى الرَّجُلِ يُسَوِّى التُّرابَ حَيثُ يَسجُدُ قال: \"إن كُنتَ فاعِلًا فواحِدَةً\" (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَيبانَ، ومِن أوجُهٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الحصباء\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"وقال سعدان\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"الزهرى\".\n(^٤) الحميدى (١٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٣٠)، وأبو داود (٩٤٥)، والترمذى (٣٧٩)، والنسائى (١١٩٠)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩١٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٧٣) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن. وأحمد (٢١٣٣٢، ٢١٤٤٨، ٢١٥٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩١٤)، وابن حبان (٢٢٧٤) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥١١) من طريق شيبان به.","vol":"4","page":376},{"text":"عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ (^١).\n\n٣٥٩١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمد بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن مُعَيقيبٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَمسَحْ وأنتَ تُصَلِّى، فإِن كُنتَ لا بُدَّ فاعِلًا فواحِدَةً تَسويَةَ الحَصَى\" (^٢).\n\n٣٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى بَصرَةَ الغِفارِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: مَسحُ الحَصَى واحِدَةٌ، وأَلَّا أفعَلَها أحَبّ إلىَّ مِن مِائَةِ ناقَةٍ سودِ الحَدَقِ (^٣).\nورواه مُجاهِدٌ عن أبى ذَرٍّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى مَسحِ الحَصَى واحِدَةً (^٤). وقيل: عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أبى وائلٍ عن أبى ذَرٍّ.\nورُوّينا عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁- أنَّه سَوَّى [الحصباءَ بنَعلِه] (^٥) قَبلَ الدُّخولِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٠٧)، ومسلم (٥٤٦/ ٤٧ - ٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٤٦) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٥٥٠٩)، ومسلم (٥٤٦/ ٤٧، ٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (٨٩٥، ٨٩٦) من طريق هشام به. والترمذى (٣٨٠)، والنسائى (١١٩١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٤٧١). وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٣: إسناده صالح.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٤٧٢).\n(^٥) فى م: \"الحصى بنعليه\".","vol":"4","page":377},{"text":"فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٣٥٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىٌّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ القارِئ أنَّه قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ إذا هَوَى يَسجُدُ يَمسَحُ الحصباءَ (^٢) لوضعِ (^٣) جَبهَتِه مَسحًا خَفيفًا (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا القَدرُ هو المُرَخَّصُ فيه، وإِنَّما الكَراهيَةُ فى العَبَثِ به، ولَو سَوّاه قَبلَ الدُّخولِ فى الصَّلاةِ كما فعَلَ عثمانُ -﵁- كان أولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه رأى رجلًا يَعبَثُ بالحَصَى فقالَ: لَو خَشَعَ قَلبُ هذا خَشَعَت جَوارِحُه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-776>باب: لا يَمسَحُ وجهَه مِنَ التُّرابِ فى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ</span>\n\n٣٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢٣٢٦).\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحصى\".\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وفى الموطأ والمهذب ٢/ ٧٢٤: \"الموضع\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٥٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن المبارك فى الزهد (١١٨٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٣٣٠٨، ٣٣٠٩).","vol":"4","page":378},{"text":"أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الوُسُطَ مِن رَمَضانَ، واعتَكَفَ عامًا حَتَّى إذا كان لَيلَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ، وهِىَ اللَّيلَةُ الَّتِى يَخرُجُ مِن صبيحَتِها مِنَ اعتِكافِه فقالَ: \"مَن كان اعتَكَفَ مَعِى فليَعتَكِفِ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ، وقَد رأيتُ هَذِه اللَّيلَةَ ثم أُنسيتُها، وقَد رأيتُنِى فى صَبيحَتِها أسجُدُ فى ماءٍ وطينٍ، فالتَمِسوها فى العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، والتَمِسوها فى كُلِّ وِترٍ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فأَمطَرَتِ السَّماءُ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ، وكانَ المَسجِدُ على عَريشٍ، فوَكَفَ المَسجِدُ (^١). قال أبو سعيدٍ: فأَبصرَت عَيناىَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- انصَرَفَ عَلَينا وعَلَى جَبهَتِه وأَنفِه أثَرُ الماءِ والطّينِ مِن صَبيحَةِ إحدَى وعِشرينَ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيل بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالِكٍ (^٣). قال البخارىُّ: كان الحُمَيدِىُّ يَحتَجُّ بهَذا الحديثِ فى ألا يَمسَحَ الجَبهَةَ فى الصَّلاةِ؛ لأنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- رُئىَ الماءُ والطّينُ فى أرنَبَتِه وجَبهَتِه بَعدَ ما صَلَّى (^٤).\n\n٣٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ،\n_________\n(^١) وكف المسجد: سقط الماء من سقفه. فتح البارى ٤/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٤٣). وتقدم فى (٢٦٩١)، وسيأتى فى (٨٦١٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٢٧).\n(^٤) البخارى قبل (٨٣٦). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢٤: لا يدل؛ لأن مكان سجوده مبلول، ولو كان يمسحه عن جبهته لأراد مسحه مرات ثم يصيبه الماء والطين -ﷺ-، بل يدل على أن السجود على الأرض أفضل منه على حصير ومنديل.","vol":"4","page":379},{"text":"أخبرَنا سَعِيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: أربَعٌ مِنَ الجَفاءِ؛ أن يَبولَ الرَّجُلُ قائمًا، وصَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ والنّاسُ يَمُرّونَ بَينَ يَدَيه ولَيسَ بَينَ يَدَيه شَئٌ يَستُرُه، ومَسحُ الرَّجُلِ التُّرابَ عن وجهِه وهو فى صَلاتِه، وأَن يَسمَعَ المُؤَذِّنَ فلا يُجيبُه فى قَولِهِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الجُرَيرِىُّ عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢). ورواه سَعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"والنَّفخُ فى الصَّلاةِ\". بَدَلَ المُرورِ، ولَم يَقُلْ: أربَعٌ (^٣). قال البخارىُّ: هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ يَضطَرِبونَ فيهِ.\n\n٣٥٩٦ - قَالَ الشيخُ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ هَارُونُ بْنُ هَارُونَ التَّيْمِىُّ مَدَنِىٌّ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَالَ: \"أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْجَفَاءِ؛ يَبُولُ الرَّجُلُ قَائِمًا، أَوْ يُكْثِرُ مَسْحَ جَبْهَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، أَوْ يَسْمَعُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ يُؤَذِّنُ فَلَا يَقُولُ مِثْلَ مَا يَقُولُ، أَوْ يُصَلِّى بِسَبِيلِ مَنْ يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَه\". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِىُّ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّمَشْقِىُّ، حَدَّثَنا دُحَيْمٌ، حَدَّثَنِى ابْنُ أَبِى فُدَيْكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هَارُونُ بْنُ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهُدَيْرِ التَّيْمِىُّ. فَذَكَرَهُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط ١/ ٣٣٦ (٢٧٩) من طريق جعفر بن عون به مقتصرا على أوله.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩٦ من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩٥، ٤٩٦.\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٨٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٦٤) عن دحيم به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٣٤٧): فيه هارون بن هارون، وقد اتفقوا على تضعيفه.","vol":"4","page":380},{"text":"قال أبو أحمدَ (^١): أحاديثُه عن الأعرَجِ وغَيرِه مِمّا لا يُتابِعُه الثِّقاتُ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: حدَّثَنا الجُنَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا البخارىُّ قال: هارونُ بنُ هارونَ لا يُتابَعُ فى حَديثِه، يَروِى عن الأعرَجِ، يُقالُ: هو أخو مُحْرِزٍ (^٣) التَّيمِىِّ المَدَنِىِّ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضعيفَةٌ. وروِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا يَمسَحُ وجهَه منَ التُّرابِ فى الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى يَتشَهَّدَ ويُسَلِّمَ (^٤).\n\n٣٥٩٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا مُحاضرٌ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: لا تَزالُ المَلائكَةُ تصَلِّى على الإنسانِ ما دامَ أثَرُ السُّجودِ فى وجهِهِ. قال العَبّاسُ: لم يُحَدِّثْ به غَيرُه (^٥).\nقال الشيح: ورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه عَدَّه مِن الجَفاءِ، وعَنِ الحسنِ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٨٦.\n(^٢) هو هارون بن هارون بن عبد اللَّه بن محرر بن الهدير القرشى التيمى أبو محرر، ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٢٦، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٦٨، والمجروحين ٣/ ٩٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ١١٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ١٥، قال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٥: ضعفوه. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣١٣: ضعيف.\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، وابن عدى، وقال المزى: ذكره البخارى فيمن اسمه محرر بالراء المكررة، وذكره ابن أبى حاتم وغيره فيمن اسمه مُحْرِز بالراء والزاى. تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٢٧٣. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٤٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٣/ ٢٧٢ من طريق محاضر به.","vol":"4","page":381},{"text":"لم يَرَ به بأسًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-777>بابُ: ﴿سِيمَاهُمْ فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩]\n\n٣٥٩٨ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿سِيمَاهُمْ فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ﴾. قال: السَّمتُ الحَسَنُ (^٢).\n\n٣٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا العُمَرِىُّ، عن سالمٍ أبى النَّضرِ قالَ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى ابنِ عمرَ فسَلَّمَ عليه قال: مَن أنتَ؟ قالَ: أنا حاضِنُكَ فُلانٌ. ورأى بَينَ عَينَيه سَجدَةً سَوداءَ فقالَ: ما هذا الأثَرُ بَينَ عَينَيكَ؟ فقَد (^٣) صَحِبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃-، فهَل تَرَى ههُنا مِن شَئٍ؟\n\n٣٦٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه رأَى أثَرًا فقالَ: يا عبدَ (^٤) اللَّهِ إنَّ صورَةَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٤٢٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٧٤٤، ٤٧٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٢٣ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"فقال\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"أبا عبد\".","vol":"4","page":382},{"text":"الرَّجُلِ وجهُه، فلا تَشِنْ صورَتَكَ (^١).\n\n٣٦٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ثَورِ ابنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى عَونٍ قال: رأى أبو الدَّرداءِ امرأَةً بوَجهِها أثَرٌ مِثلُ ثَفِنَةِ (^٢) العَنزِ، فقالَ: لَو لم يكنْ هذا بوَجهِكِ كان خَيرًا لَكِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ أنَّه أنكَرَه وقالَ: واللَّهِ ما هِىَ سيماءُ.\n\n٣٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ القَطّانُ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الخُراسانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن جعيدٍ (^٤) هو ابنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: كُنّا عندَ السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ إذ جاءَه الزُّبَيرُ ابنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ فقالَ: قَد أفسَدَ وجهَه، واللَّهِ ما هِىَ سيماءُ، واللَّهِ لَقَد صلَّيتُ على وجهِى مُذ كَذا وكَذا ما أثَرَ السُّجودُ فى وجهِى شَيئًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥١) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٢) الثفنة بكسر الفاء: ما ولى الأرض من كل ذات أربع إذا بركت، كالركبتين وغيرهما، ويحصل فيه غلظ من أثر البروك، والمراد هنا ما كان على جبهتها من أثر السجود. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢١٥، ٢١٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٢) من طريق ثور به.\n(^٤) فى س، م، والمهذب ٢/ ٧٢٥: \"حميد\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وسيأتى على الصواب فى (٤٤٠٢، ٦٦٦٣، ٢٠٢٩١). وهو الجعد بن عبد الرحمن. ويقال: الجعيد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٥٦١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٤١٨)، والطبرانى (٦٦٨٥) من طريق الفضل بن =","vol":"4","page":383},{"text":"٣٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَبّاسُ بنُ فضلٍ الضَّبِّىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: قُلتُ لمجاهِدٍ: ﴿سِيمَاهُمْ فِى وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ﴾. أهوَ أثَرُ السُّجُودِ فى وجه الإنسانِ؟ فقالَ: لا، إنَّ أحَدَهُم يَكونُ بَينَ عَينَيه مِثلُ رُكبَةِ العَنزِ وهو كما شاءَ اللَّهُ -يَعنِى مِنَ الشَّرِّ- ولَكِنَّه الخُشوعُ (^١).\n\n٣٦٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى مُغيرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: نَدَى الطَّهورِ وثَرَى الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-778>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّخَصُّرِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: نُهِىَ عن التَّخَصُّرِ فى الصَّلاةِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن حَمَّادٍ وقالَ: نُهِىَ عن الخَصرِ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٠٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ،\n_________\n= موسى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٧/ ١٠٧: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٢٤ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٢٥ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢١٩).","vol":"4","page":384},{"text":"عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن التَّخَصُّرِ فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٣٦٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حِبّانُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ مُختَصرًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَكَمِ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أبى خالِدٍ وأَبِى أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ هَكَذا (^٣). وأَشارَ إلَيه البخارىُّ لَكِنَّه أخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن هِشامٍ: نُهِىَ (^٤).\n\n٣٦٠٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: نُهِىَ عن الاختِصارِ فى الصَّلاةِ. فقُلتُ لِهِشامٍ: ذكَره عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ برأسِه، أى: نَعَم.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٨٢)، والطيالسى (٢٦٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٨٥) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. والنسائى (٨٨٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (٧١٧٥، ٨٣٧٤، ٩١٨١)، وأبو داود (٩٤٧)، والترمذى (٣٨٣)، والنسائى (٨٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٠٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٤٥/ ٤٦).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (١٢١٩)، (١٢٢٠) من طريق يحيى القطان.","vol":"4","page":385},{"text":"٣٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ. فذكَره بمثلِه زادَ: فقالَ: قُلنا لِهِشامٍ: ما الاختِصارُ؟ قال: يَضَعُ يَدَه على خَصرِه وهو يُصَلِّى (^١).\nورَوَى سلمةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَعنَى هذا التَّفسيرِ.\n\n٣٦١٠ - ورُوِى عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن هِشامٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الاختِصارُ فى الصَّلاةِ راحَةُ أهلِ النارِ\". أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٣٦١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ النَّسائىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن التَّخَصُّرِ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو هِلالٍ الرّاسِبِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٧٨٩٧، ٧٩٣٠).\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٩٠٩)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٢٨٦). وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٦: هذا منكر.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب فى الموضح ٢/ ٤٦٤ من طريق موسى بن الحسن به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى كما فى أطراف الغرائب ٥/ ٢٥٠ من طريق أبى هلال به.","vol":"4","page":386},{"text":"٣٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: حدَّثَنى زيادُ بنُ صُبَيحٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلى جَنبِ ابنِ عمرَ -﵁- وأَنا لا أعرِفُه، فوَضَعتُ يَدِى على خاصِرَتِى فنَحَّى يَدِى، فلَمّا قَضَيتُ الصَّلاةَ قُلتُ: ما أرَدتَ إلَىَّ؟ قال: أنتَ هو! أنتَ هو! قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَنهَى عن الصَّلبِ فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\nورواه مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن سعيدٍ وقالَ: عن التَّخَصُّرِ فى الصَّلاةِ.\nورُوّينا عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ أنَّهُما كَرِها ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-779>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَقديمِ إحدَى الرَّجلَينِ عندَ النُّهوضِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ (^٣):\n\n٣٦١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"خُطوَتانِ إحداهُما أحَبُّ الخُطا إلى اللَّهِ ﷿، والأُخرَى أبغَضُ الخُطا إلى اللَّهِ عَزَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٤٩)، وأبو داود (٩٠٣)، والنسائى (٨٩٠) من طريق سعيد بن زياد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٩٩).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٦٢٣ - ٤٦٢٥، ٤٦٣٢)، والبخارى (٣٤٥٨).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧٣٦٥).","vol":"4","page":387},{"text":"وجَلَّ، فأمّا الخُطوَةُ التى يُحِبُّها اللَّهُ ﷿ فرَجُلٌ نَظَرَ إلى خَلَلٍ فى الصَّفِّ فسَدَّه، وأمّا التى يُبغِضُ اللَّهُ فإِذا أرادَ الرَّجُلُ أن يَقومَ مَدَّ رِجلَه اليُمنَى ووَضَعَ يَدَه عَلَيها، وأثبَتَ اليُسرَى ثم قامَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-780>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَصُفَّ بَينَ قَدَمَيه وهو قائمٌ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ سَعدِ (^٢) بنِ حَمُّويه النَّسَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَيسَرَةَ، عن المِنهالِ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه رأى رجلًا صفَّ بَينَ قَدَمَيه، يَعنِى فى الصَّلاةِ، فقالَ: أخطأ السُّنَّةَ، أما إنَّه لَو راوَحَ (^٣) كان أحَبَّ إلىَّ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه صَفَّ قَدَمَيه وضَمَّهُما فى الصَّلاةِ (^٥).\nورُوّينا عنه فيما مَضى أنَّه قال: صَفُّ القَدَمَينِ ووَضعُ اليَدِ على اليَدِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^٦). وحَديثُ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ مَوصولٌ، وحَديثُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ عن أبيه مُرسَلٌ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٢، وقال: هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم، فقد احتج ببقية فى الشواهد ولم يخرجاه، فأما بقية بن الوليد فإنه إذا روى عن المشهورين فإنه مأمون مقبول. وتعقبه الذهبى بقوله: لا، فإن خالدا عن معاذ منقطع. وكذا قال فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٧.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"سعيد\". والمثبت كما سيأتى فى (٥٩٦٥)، وكذا جاء فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٩/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) أى اعتمد على إحدى قدميه مرة وعلى الأخرى مرة ليوصل الراحة إلى كل منهما. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٨٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٣٥).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٣٧، ٨١٣٦).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٢٣٦٨).","vol":"4","page":388},{"text":"واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-781>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فى الاعتماد على العَصا إذا شَقَّ عليه طولُ القيامِ</span>\n\n٣٦١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاق الزُّهرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حُصينِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ قال: قَدِمتُ الرَّقَّةَ فقالَ لِى بَعضُ أصحابِى: هَل لَكَ فى رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: قُلتُ: غَنيمَةٌ. فدَفَعنا إلى وابِصَةَ ابنِ مَعبَدٍ، فقُلتُ لِصاحِبِى: نَبدأُ فنَنظُرُ إلى دَلِّه (^١)، فإِذا عليه قَلَنسوَةٌ لاطيَةٌ ذاتُ أُذُنَينِ، وبُرنُسُ خَزٍّ أغبَرُ (^٢)، وإِذا هو مُعتَمِدٌ على عَصًا فى صَلاتِه، فقُلنا له بَعدَ أن سَلَّمنا، فقالَ: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ قَيسٍ بنتُ مِحصَنٍ -﵂- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لما أسَنَّ وحَمَلَ اللَّحمَ اتَخَذَ عَمودًا فى مُصَلَّاه يَعتَمِدُ عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٦١٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو (^٤) مُعاويَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدل: الحالة التى يكون عليها الإنسان من السكينة والوقار، وحسن السيرة والطريقة واستقامة المنظر والهيئة. النهاية ٢/ ١٣١.\n(^٢) لاطية: لازقة بالرأس ملصقة به، والبرنس: كل ثوب رأسه منه ملتزق به من دراعة أو جبة أو غيره، والخز: ثياب تنسج من صوف، وحرير، وأغبر: كأن لونه لون التراب. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٤، ٢٦٥، وقال: حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين غير أنهما لم يخرجا لوابصة بن معبد لفساد الطريق إليه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٤٨) من طريق شيبان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٢٧ عن إسناد أبى داود: على شرط البخارى ومسلم. وسيأتى عقب (٥٤١٨).\n(^٤) سقط من س، م. والمثبت هو الصواب كما جاء فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٢٧، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٢٣.","vol":"4","page":389},{"text":"الحَجّاجِ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَوَكَّئونَ على العِصِىِّ فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-782>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَشبيكِ اليَدِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: سألتُ نافِعًا عن الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى وهو مُشَبَّكٌ يَدَه، قال: قال ابنُ عمرَ: تِلكَ صَلاةُ المغَضوبِ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\nوحَديثُ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ فى النَّهى عن التَّشبيكِ بَينَ الأصابِعِ بَعدَما يَتَوَضّأُ، أو بَعدَ ما يَدخُلُ الصَّلاةَ، مَوضِعُه كِتابُ الجُمُعَةِ (^٣). وهو إن ثَبَتَ عامٌّ فى جَميعِ الصَّلَواتِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-783>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَفقيعِ الأصابِعِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\nرُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَنهَى عنه ويَكرَهُه (^٤).\n\n٣٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَبّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، أنَّ سَهلَ بنَ مُعاذٍ حدَّثه، عن أبيه مُعاذٍ صاحِبِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٢٣) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٨٤)، وأبو داود (٩٩٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٧٦).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٥٩٤٨).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧٣٥٠).","vol":"4","page":390},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الضّاحِكُ فى الصَّلاةِ، والمُلتَفِتُ، والمُتَفَقِّعُ أصابِعَه، بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ\" (^١). مُعاذٌ هو ابنُ أنَسٍ الجُهَنِىُّ. وزَبّانُ بنُ فائدٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-784>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّثاؤُبِ فى الصَّلاةِ وغَيِرها، وما يُؤمَرُ به عندَ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٣٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمودٍ التَّميمِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الباقَرحِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى يُحِبُّ العُطاسَ ويَكرَهُ التَّثاؤُبَ، فإِذا عَطَسَ أحَدُكُم وحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، كان حَقًّا على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ يَسمَعُه أن يَقولَ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ. وأمّا التَّثاؤُبُ فإِنَّما هو مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، فإِذا تَثاوَبَ أحَدُكُم فليَرُدَّ ما استَطاعَ، فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا قال: هاه. ضَحِكَ الشَّيطانُ مِنه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٢١) من طريق زبان به.\n(^٢) هو زبان بن فائد المصرى أبو جوين الحمراوى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٤٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٦١٦، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٣١٣، وتهذب الكمال ٩/ ٢٨١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٣٠٣، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٥٧: ضعيف الحديث مع صلاحه وعبادته.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٣٢٨٩، ٦٢٢٦) عن عاصم بن على به. وأحمد (٩٥٣٠)، وأبو داود (٥٠٢٨)، والترمذى (٢٧٤٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٠٤٢، ١٠٠٤٣) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"4","page":391},{"text":"٣٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"التَّثاؤُبُ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، فإِذا تَثاوَبَ أحدكم فليَكظِمْ مما استَطاعَ\" (^١). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ العَلاءِ، عن وكيعٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ أبى سعيدٍ الخدرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا تَثاوَبَ أحَدُكُم فى الصَّلاةِ فليَكظِمْ ما استَطاعَ، فإِنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَدخُلُ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٦٢)، والترمذى (٣٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٩٢٠)، وابن حبان (٢٣٣٧) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٩٤/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٠٢٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٠٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٢٦٢) من طريق وكيع به. وأحمد (١١٩١٦)، ومسلم (٢٩٩٥/ ٥٧)، وأبو داود (٥٠٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩١٩) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٩٩٥/ ٥٩).","vol":"4","page":392},{"text":"٣٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ ابنِ أبى صالِحٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: \"فليَضَعْ يَدَه على فيه\". ولَم يَذكُرِ الصَّلاةَ (^١). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديث بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن سُهَيلٍ بمَعنَى هذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-785>بابُ كَراهيَةِ رَفعِ الصَّوتِ الشَّديدِ بالعُطاسِ</span>\n\n٣٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سُمَىٍّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا عَطَسَ غَضَّ صوتَه وخَمَّرَ وجهَه (^٣).\n\n٣٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ قال: حدَّثَنى سُمَىٌّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا عَطَسَ أمسَكَ يَدَه أو ثَوبَه على فيه ثم\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٣٢٥)، وعنه أحمد (١١٣٢٣)، وعبد بن حميد (٩٠٧ - منتخب).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٩٥/ ٥٧، ٥٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميدى (١١٥٧)، وابن سعد ١/ ٣٨٥، وأبو يعلى (٦٦٦٣)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٨٤٩)، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٥٤) من طريق ابن عجلان به.","vol":"4","page":393},{"text":"خَفَضَ بها صَوتَه (^١).\n\n٣٦٢٥ - ورَوَى يَحيَى بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ النَّوفَلِىُّ عن أبيه عن داودَ بنِ فراهيجَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَكرَهُ العَطسَةَ الشَّديدَةَ فى المَسجِدِ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ المَنبِجِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: يَحيَى بنُ يَزيدَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، ووالِدُه يَزيدُ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى الحديثِ الأوَّلِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-786>بابُ التَّرغيبِ فى تَحسيِن الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عندَ عثمانَ فدَعا بطَهورِه، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِنِ امرِئٍ مُسلِم تَحضُرُه صَلاةٌ مَكتوبَةٌ فيُحسِنُ وُضوءَها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٢٩)، والترمذى (٢٧٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٣٥٦)، وابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٠٢.\n(^٣) هو يحيى بن يزيد بن عبد الملك بن المغيرة النوفلى مدينى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٩٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٠٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤١٤، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٨١.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى (٦٤٨).","vol":"4","page":394},{"text":"وخُشوعَها ورُكوعَهما، إلا كانت كَفّارَةً لِما قَبلَها مِنَ الذُّنوبِ، ما لم يُؤتِ كَبيرَةً، وذَلِكَ الدَّهرَ كُلَّه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ وغَيرِه عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومًا ثم انصَرَفَ فقالَ: \"يا فُلانُ ألا تُحسِنُ صَلاتَكَ؟ ألا يَنظُرُ المُصَلِّى إذا صَلَّى كَيفَ يُصَلِّى؟ فإِنَّما يُصَلِّى لِنَفسِه، إنِّى واللَّهِ لأُبصِرُ مِن ورائى كما أُبصِرُ مِن بَينِ يَدَىَّ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ هو ابنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ يَعنِى الجُعفِىَّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ يَعنِى الهَجَرِىَّ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أحسَنَ الصَّلاةَ حَيثُ يَراه النّاسُ وأساءَها حَيثُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٧٧). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٧ - منتخب)، وأبو عوانة (١٣١٢)، والبزار (٤١١) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٧٩٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٨/ ٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٧٨). وأخرجه النسائى (٨٧١) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وابن خزيمة (٤٧٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٢٣/ ١٠٨).","vol":"4","page":395},{"text":"يَخلو، فتِلكَ استِهانَةٌ يَستَهينُ بها رَبَّه\" (^١).\n\n٣٦٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: خَرَجَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إيّاكُم وشِركَ السَّرائرِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما شِركُ السَّرائرِ؟ قال: \"يَقومُ الرَّجُلُ فيُصَلِّى فيُزَيِّنُ صَلاتَه جاهِدًا لما يَرَى مِن نَظَرِ النّاسِ إلَيه، فذَلِكَ شِركُ السَّرائرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو نَصرٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ أنَّه قال: الصلاةُ مِكيالٌ، فمَن وفَّى أُوفِىَ له، ومَن نَقَصَ فقَد عَلِمتُم ما قيلَ لِلمُطَفِّفينَ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٣١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٨٨٠، ٨٨١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٧٣٨)، وأبو يعلى (٥١١٧) من طريق الهجرى به. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٣٠: الهجرى ضعفوه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٣١٤٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٣٧) من طريق أبى خالد به دون ذكر جابر بن عبد اللَّه وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٣٠: إسناده حسن.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٣١٥٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٧٥٠) عن سفيان به. وابن المبارك فى الزهد (١١٩٢) عن سفيان عن رجل عن سالم به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٩٣) من طريق أبى نصر به. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٣٠: منقطع.\n(^٤) فى م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"4","page":396},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى نَصرٍ وهو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، بمَعناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-787>باب: البُزاقُ فى المَسجِدِ خَطيئَةٌ وكفّارَتُها دَفنُها</span>\n\n٣٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"البُزاق فى المَسجِدِ خَطيئَةٌ وكَفارَتُها دَفنُها\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"البُزاقُ فى المَسجِدِ خَطيئَةٌ وكَفّارَتها دَفنُها\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٣٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسن بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدَّثَنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤١٥)، ومسلم (٥٥٢/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٥)، والترمذى (٥٧٢)، والنسائى (٧٢٢) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وأحمد (١٢٠٦٢، ١٢٨٩٠، ١٤٠٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٩) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٥٢/ ٥٥).","vol":"4","page":397},{"text":"عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا تَميمُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فروخَ، حدَّثَنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدَّثَنا واصِلٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عُرِضَت عَلَىَّ أعمالُ أُمَّتِى حَسَنُها وسَيِّئُها، فوَجَدتُ فى مَحاسِنِ أعمالِها الأذَى يُماطُ عن الطَّريقِ، ووَجَدتُ فى مَساوِئ أعمالِها النُّخاعَةَ تَكونُ فى المَسجِدِ لا تُدفَنُ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ وشَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ قال: أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَودودٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فبَزَقَ فيه أو تَنَخَّمَ، فليَحفِرْ فليَدفِنْه، فإِن لم يَفعَلْ فليَبزُقْ فى ثَوبِه ثم ليَخرُجْ به\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-788>بابُ مَن بَزَقَ وهو يُصَلِّى </span>(^٤)\n\n٣٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٦٧)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٢٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٨) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٥٣/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٣١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣١٠) من طريق أبى مودود به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٥٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) بعده فى س: \"أخبرنا أبو على الروذبارى\".","vol":"4","page":398},{"text":"وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً وأبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ قراءةً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الفَضلِ أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ مِهرانَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه رأى نُخامَةً أو بُزاقًا فى القِبلَةِ، فقُمتُ فحَتَتُّها (^١)، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُحِبُّ أحَدُكُم أن يأتيَه رجلٌ وهو يُصَلِّى فيَبزُقَ أو يَتَنَخَّعَ فى وجهِهِ؟ إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فلا يبزُقْ بَينَ يَدَيه ولا عن يَمِينِه، ولَكِن عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه، وِإلا بَزَقَ فى ثَوبِه فدَلَكَه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ غُندَرٍ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن القاسِمِ ابنِ مِهرانَ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فلا يَبزُقَنَّ أمامَه، فإِنَّه مُستَقبِلٌ رَبَّه، ولا عن يَمِينِه، ولَكِن عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه اليُسرَى، فإِن لم يَقدِرْ فليَبزُقْ فى ناحيَةِ ثَوبِه، ثم يَرُدَّ ثَوبَه بَعضَه ببَعضٍ\". قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرُدُّ ثَوبَه بَعضَه ببَعضٍ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فنحيتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٠٨) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (٩٣٦٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٥٠/. . .).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٥)، ومسلم (٥٥٠/ ٥٣)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٢) من طريق القاسم بن مهران به.","vol":"4","page":399},{"text":"٣٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نُخامَةً فى القِبلَةِ، فكَرِهَه حَتَّى عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ فى وجهِه فحَكَه ثم قال: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم -أو: إنَّ المَرءَ- إذا قامَ فى صَلاتِه، فإِنَّما يُناجِى رَبَّه -أو قال: رَبُّه بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ- فليَبزُقْ عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه\". ثم أخَذَ بطَرَفِ ثَوبِه فبَزَقَ فيه ورَدَّ بَعضه على بَعضٍ، ثم قال: \"أو ليَفعَلْ هَكَذا\" (^١).\n\n٣٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- رأى نُخامَةً فى القِبلَةِ، فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عليه حَتَّى رُئىَ فى وجهِه، فقامَ فحَكَّها بيَدِه، ثم قال: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا قامَ فى صلاتِه فإِنَّه يُناجِى رَبَّه -أو: إنَّ رَبَّه بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ- فلا يَبصُقَنَّ أحَدُكُم فى قِبلَتِه، ولَكِن عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه\". ثم أخَذَ بطَرَفِ رِدائه فبَصَقَ فيه، ثم رَدَّ بَعضه إلى بعضٍ فقالَ: \"أو يَفعَلُ كذا\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٢١٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٠٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٠٥).","vol":"4","page":400},{"text":"الحسنِ القاضى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ إذا كان فى صَلاتِه فإِنَّما يُناجِى رَبَّه، فلا يبزقنَّ بَينَ يَدَيه ولا عن يَمينِه، ولَكِن عن يَسارِه تَحتَ قَدَمِه\" (^١). قالَ أبو عمرَ الحَوضِىُّ عن شُعبَةَ: \"ولَكِن عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ رِجلِه\".\n\n٣٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرَ الحَوضِىُّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَتفُلَنَّ أحَدُكُم بَينَ يَدَيه ولا عن يَمينِه، ولَكِن عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ رِجلِه\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ ابنِ أبى إياسٍ وعَن أبى عمرَ الحَوضِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ نَحوَ حَديثِ آدَمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-789>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه إنَّما يَبزُقُ عن يَسارِه إذا كان فارِغًا</span>\n\n٣٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) القراءة خلف الإمام (١٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٠٩، ١٣٨٨٩)، والبخارى (١٢١٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٦٧)، والبزار (٧١٧٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤١٢، ٤١٣)، ومسلم (٥٥١/ ٥٤).","vol":"4","page":401},{"text":"المُحارِبِىِّ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّيتَ فلا تَبصُقَنَّ بَينَ يَدَيكَ ولا عن يَمينِكَ، وابصُقْ تِلقاءَ شِمالِكَ إن كان فارِغًا، أو تَحتَ قَدَمِكَ\". وقالَ برِجلِه، كأنْ (^١) يَحُكَّه بقَدَمِهِ (^٢).\nورواه أبو الأحوَصِ عن مَنصورٍ فقالَ: \"أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه اليُسرَى\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-790>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه إن بَزَقَ عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ قَدَمِه دَفَنَها أو دَلَكَها بنَعلِه اليُسرَى</span>\n\n٣٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم لِلصَّلاةِ فلا يَبصُقْ أمامَه، إنَّه يُناجِى اللَّهَ ما دامَ فى مُصَلّاه، ولا عن يَمِينِه، فإِنَّ عن يَمِينِه مَلَكًا، ولَكِن ليَبصُقْ عن شِمالِه أو تَحتَ رِجلِه فيَدفِنُها\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٣٢: \"كأنه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٢١)، والترمذى (٥٧١)، والنسائى (٧٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٨٧٦) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح. وأحمد (٢٧٢٢٢، ٢٧٢٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٨٧٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٨) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٥٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٨٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٣٤)، وابن حبان (١٧٨٣، ٢٢٦٩).\n(^٥) البخارى (٤١٦).","vol":"4","page":402},{"text":"٣٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو داود الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ قال: حدَّثَنى الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبى العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فتَنَخَّعَ فدَلَكَها بنَعلِه اليُسرَى (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ (^٢). وأبو العَلاءِ هو يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الشِّخّيرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-791>بابُ ما جاءَ فى حَكِّ النُّخاعةِ عن القِبلَةِ</span>\n\n٣٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو داود العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ وأَبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵄- يَقولانِ: رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نُخامَةً (^٣) فى القِبلَةِ فتَناوَلَ حَصاةً فحَكَها، ثم قال: \"لا يَتَنَخَّمْ أحَدُكم فى القِبلَةِ ولا عن يَمِينِه، وليَبصُقْ عن يَسارِه أو تَحتَ رِجلِه اليُسرَى\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٣) عن مسدد به. وابن خزيمة (٨٧٨) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (١٦٣١٠، ١٦٣١٣، ١٦٣١٩)، والنسائى (٧٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٨٧٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٧٢) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٥٤/ ٥٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"نخاعة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى كما فى تحفة الأشراف (٣٩٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٨٧٥)، وابن حبان (٢٢٦٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١١٥٥٠، ١١٨٣٧، ١١٨٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٧٦١) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"4","page":403},{"text":"وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^١).\n\n٣٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأى بُصاقًا فى جِدارِ القِبلَةِ فحَكَّه، ثم أقبَلَ على النّاسِ فقالَ: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم يُصَلِّى فلا يَبصُقْ قِبَلَ وجهِه، فإِنَّ اللَهَ تعالَى قِبَلَ وجهِه إذا صَلَّى\" (^٢).\n\n٣٦٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ وأبو إسحاق إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٣٦٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاق، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بَينَما هو يَخطُبُ إذ رأى نخامَةً فى قِبلَةِ المَسجِدِ، فتَغَيَّظَ على أهلِ المَسجِدِ ثم قال: \"إنَّ اللَّه تعالَى قِبَلَ أحَدِكُم إذا صَلَّى، فلايبزق -أو- لا يَتَنَخَّعَنَّ\". ثم نَزَلَ فحَتَّه بيَدِه، ثم لَطَخَه فيما أظُنُّه بزَعفَرانٍ. وقالَ ابنُ عمرَ: إذا تَنَخَّعَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٤٨) عقب (٥٢)، والبخارى (٤٠٨ - ٤١١).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٩٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٥)، والنسائى (٧٢٣).\n(^٣) محمد بن نصر فى تعظيم قدر الصلاة (١١٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٦)، ومسلم (٥٤٧/ ٥٠).","vol":"4","page":404},{"text":"أحَدُكُم فليَتَنَخَّعْ عن يَسارِهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ دونَ كَلِمَةِ اللَّطخِ -فيما أظُنُّ (^٢) - بالزَّعفَرانِ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ دونَها بمَعنَى حَديث مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه رأى بُصاقًا فى جِدارِ القِبلَةِ أو مُخاطًا أو نُخاعَةً فحَكَّه (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥). وأَخرَجاه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٦).\n\n٣٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ السِّمسارُ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدَّثَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ أبى حَزرَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فى مَسجِدِه فقالَ: أتانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى مَسجِدِنا هذا وفِى يَدِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٩) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٤٥٠٩)، ومسلم (٥٤٧/ ٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٩٢٣) من طريق أيوب به. والبخارى (٦١١١) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"يظن\".\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢١٣)، ومسلم (٥٤٧/ ٥١). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٣٣: هى زيادة ثابتة من طريق سليمان بن حرب عن حماد بن زيد عنه.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٩٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥١٥٦).\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٠٧)، ومسلم (٥٤٩).\n(^٦) تقدم فى الحديث السابق.","vol":"4","page":405},{"text":"عُرجونُ ابنِ طابٍ (^١)، فرأى فى قِبلَةِ المَسجِدِ نُخامَةً، فحَكَّها بالعُرجونِ، ثم أقبَلَ عَلَينا فقالَ: \"أيُّكُم يُحِبُّ أن يُعرِضَ اللَّهُ عَنهُ؟ \". قالَ: فخَشَعنا. ثم قال: \"أيُّكُم يُحبُّ أن يُعرِضَ اللَّه عَنهُ؟ \". قال: فخَشَعنا. ثم قال: \"أيُّكُم يُحِبُّ أن يُعرِضَ اللَّه عَنهُ؟ \". قال: قُلنا: لا أيُّنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قِبَلَ وجهِه، فلا يَبصُقَنَّ قِبَلَ وجهِه ولا عن يَمينِه، وليَبصُقْ تَحتَ رِجلِه اليُسرَى، فإِن عَجِلَت به بادِرَةٌ (^٢) فليَقُلْ هَكَذا بثَوبِه\". ثم طَوَى ثَوبَه بَعضَه على بَعضٍ: \"أرونِى عَبيرًا (^٣) \". فقامَ فتًى مِنَ الحَىِّ يَشتَدُّ إلى أهلِه فجاءَ بخَلوقٍ فى راحَتِه، فأَخَذَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَعَلَه فى رأسِ العُرجونِ، ثم لَطَخَ به على أثَرِ النُّخامَةِ. قال جابِرٌ: فمِن هُناكَ جَعَلتُمُ الخَلوقَ فى مَساجِدِكُم (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وقالَ: \"ليَبصُقْ عن يَسارِه تَحتَ رِجلِه اليُسرَى\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-792>بابُ مَن وجَدَ فى صَلاتِه قَملَةً فصَرَّها ثم أخرَجَها مِنَ المَسجِدِ، أو دَفَنَها فيه، أو قَتَلَها</span>\n\n٣٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) العرجون: الغصن، وابن طاب: نوع من التمر. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) أي: غلبته بصقة أو نخامة بدرت منه. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٧.\n(^٣) العبير؛ قال الأصمعى: هو أخلاط من الطيب تجمع بالزعفران. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٥، ٦٢٤، ١٥٣٢) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٠٠٨).","vol":"4","page":406},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى الدَّستُوائىَّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن رجلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُمُ القَملَةَ وهو يُصَلِّى، فلا يَقتُلْها، ولَكِنْ يَصُرُّها حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ\" (^١).\nوقالَ علىُّ بنُ مُبارَكٍ عن يَحيَى: \"فليَصُرَّها حَتَّى يُخرِجَها\". يَعنِى مِنَ المَسجِدِ.\n\n٣٦٥٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هَنّادٌ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ مُبارَكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن الحَضرَمِىِّ بنِ لاحِقٍ، عن رجلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُمُ القَملَةَ فى المَسجِدِ فليَصُرَّها حَتَّى يُخرِجَها\" (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ فى مِثلِ هَذا.\n\n٣٦٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ المُلائىُّ، عن زاذانَ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ خُثَيمٍ قال: رأى عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قَملَةً على ثَوبِ رجلٍ فى المَسجِدِ، فأَخَذَها فدَفَنَها فى الحصباءِ ثم قال: ﴿أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ كِفَاتًا (٢٥) أَحْيَاءً وَأَمْوَاتًا﴾ (^٣) [المرسلات: ٢٥، ٢٦].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٦) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٢٣٤٨٥) من طريق يحيى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٠: ورجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٥٥٨) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٧٥٦٠) من طريق مسلم الملائى به.","vol":"4","page":407},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ نَحوُ هذا عن مُجاهِدٍ، وعَنِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ: يَدفِنُها كالنُّخامَةِ (^١).\nوَروّينا عن مالِكِ بنِ يُخامِرَ (^٢) أنَّه قال: رأيتُ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ يَقتُلُ القَملَ (^٣) والبَراغيثَ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٤). وعَنِ الحسنِ قال: لا بأسَ بقَتلِ القَملِ فى الصَّلاةِ ولَكِن لا يَعبَثُ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-793>بابُ انصِراف المُصَلِّى</span>\n\n٣٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه: لا يَجعَلْ أحَدُكُم لِلشَّيطانِ نَصيبًا مِن صلاتِه، يَرَى أنَّ حَقًّا عليه ألا يَنصرِفَ إلا عن يَمينِه، لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أكثَرَ ما يَنصرِفَ عن يَسارِهِ (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧٥٤٩، ٧٥٥٥، ٧٥٦٤).\n(^٢) اختلف فى ضبط أوله فقيل بضم الياء وقيل بفتحها. ينظر فتح البارى ١١/ ٣٥٥، ١٣/ ٤٤٣، وخلاصة تذهيب التهذيب ص ٣٦٨، وتقريب التهذيب ٣/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) فى م: \"القملة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٧٥٥٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٧١٤)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٧) من طريق شعبة به. وابن خزيمة (١٧١٤) من طريق أبى أسامة.","vol":"4","page":408},{"text":"حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ: جُزءًا. بَدَلَ: نَصيبًا، وقالَ: عن شِمالِهِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n٣٦٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو فى داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سليمانَ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لا يَجعَلْ أحَدُكُم نَصيبًا لِلشَّيطانِ مِن صَلاتِه ألَّا يَنصَرِفَ إلا عن يَمينِه، وقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أكثَرَ ما يَنصَرِفُ عن شِمالِهِ. قال عُمارَةُ: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ بَعدُ فرأيتُ مَنازِلَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- عن يَسارِهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٥٦ - أخبرنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرِ، عن أبى الأوبَرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: رأيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى حافيًا وناعِلًا، وقائمًا وقاعِدًا، ويَنفَتِلُ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ قال: قال سُفيانُ: وحَدَّثَنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ هُلْبٍ، عن أبيه قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَنصَرِفُ مَرَّةً عن يَمينِه، ومَرَّةً عن يَسارِه، ويَضَعُ إحدَى\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٨٥٢)، ومسلم (٧٠٧/ ٧٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٨٤) عن سفيان به. و(٨٨٩٩) من طريق سفيان الثورى، عن عبد الملك بن عمير حدثنى من سمع أبا هريرة. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٣٤: إسناده جيد.","vol":"4","page":409},{"text":"يَدَيه على الأُخرَى (^١).\nقال الشافعىُّ ﵀: فإِن لم يَكُنْ له حاجَةٌ فى ناحيَةٍ، وكانَ يَتَوَجَّهُ ما شاءَ، أحبَبتُ أن يَكونَ تَوَجُّهُه عن يَمينِه؛ لِما كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يُحِبُّ مِنَ التيامُنِ، غَيرَ مُضَيَّقٍ عليه فى شَئٍ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَى خَبَرُ عائشةَ فى استِحبابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- التَّيامُنَ فى شأنِه كُلِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ أخو أبى حامِدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ ابنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَنصَرِفُ عن يَمينِهِ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٣٦٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٦٧) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢١٩٧٩)، والترمذى (٢٥٢، ٣٠١)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٩، ٩٢٩) من طريق سماك به، وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن. وتقدم فى (٢٣٦١) بذكر أوله.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ١٢٨.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٤٠٦، ٤٠٧، ١٠٤٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٣٥٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٩٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٠٨/ ٦١).","vol":"4","page":410},{"text":"السُّدِّىِّ قالَ: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ: كَيفَ أنصرِفُ إذا صلَّيتُ، عن يَمينِى أو عن يَسارِى؟ فقالَ: أمّا أنا فأَكثَرُ ما رأيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَنصرِفُ عن يَمينِهِ (^١). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-794>بابُ المَسبوقِ ببَعضِ صَلاتِه يَصنَعُ ما يَصنَعُ الإمامُ، فإِذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ قامَ فأَتَمَّ باقِىَ صَلاتِهِ</span>\n\n٣٦٦٠ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ (^٣) بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا نودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ فأْتوها وأنتُم تَمشونَ وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلّوا، وما سُبِقتُم فأتِمّوا\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n٣٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ بشرٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ ابنُ رافِعٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن حَديثِ عَبّادِ بنِ زيادٍ، أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ حدَّثه، أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٣٥٨) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٣٩٨٥) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وأحمد (١٣٢٧٧) من طريق السدى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٨/ ٦٠).\n(^٣) تقدم التعليق عليه فى (٢٤٧٥).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٤٠٣)، وعنه أحمد (٨٢٢٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥٣).","vol":"4","page":411},{"text":"شُعبَةَ أخبرَه أنَّه غُزا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكر الحديثَ فى قصَّةِ وُضوء النبىَّ -ﷺ- ومَسحِه على الخُفَّينِ قال: ثم أقبَلَ. قال المُغيرَة: فأَقبَلت معه حَتَّى يجدَ النّاسَ قد قَدَّموا عبدَ ألرحمنِ بنَ عَوفٍ، فصَلَّى بِهِما، فأَدرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدى الرَّكعَتَين، فصَلَّى مَعَ النّاسِ الرَّكعَةَ الآخِرَةَ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ قامَ رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ - يُتِمُّ صَلاتَه، فأَفزَعَ ذَلك المُسلِمينَ، فأَكثَروا التَّسبيحَ، فلَمّا قَضَى النبىُّ -ﷺ- صَلاتَه أقبَلَ عَلَيهِم، ثم قال: \"أحسَنتُم - أو: قَد أصَبتُم\". يَغْبِطُهُم أن صَلَّوُا الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن إسماعيلَ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن حَمزة بنِ المُغيرةِ، نَحوَ حَديثِ عَبّادٍ. قال المُغيرَة: فأَرَدتُ تأخيرَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ فقال النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"دَعْه\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وحَسَنٍ الحُلْوانِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا المَسعودِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: أُحيلَتِ الصَّلاةُ ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ. فذكَر حالَ القِبلَةِ وحالَ الأذانِ، فهَذانِ حالانِ. قال: وكانوا يأتونَ الصَّلاةَ وقَد سَبَقَهُمُ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ، فيُشيرُ إلَيهِم كَم صَلَّى بالأصابِعِ، واحِدَةً ثِنتَينِ، فجاءَ مُعاذٌ وقَد سَبَقَه النبىُّ -ﷺ- ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: لا أجِدُه على حالٍ إلا كُنتُ عَلَيها ثم قَضَيتُ. فدَخَلَ فى الصَّلاةِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥١٥) عن محمد بن رافع به. وتقدم بقية تخريجه فى (١٣٠٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ١٠٥).","vol":"4","page":412},{"text":"فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ مُعاذٌ يَقضِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد سَنَّ لَكُم مُعاذٌ، فهَكَذا فافعَلوا\" (^١).\nورواه شُعبَةُ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ عن عبد الرحمنِ: حدَّثَنا أصحابُنا قال: كان الرَّجُل إذا جاءَ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٢)، وذَلِكَ أصَحُّ؛ لأنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى لم يُدرِكْ مُعاذًا.\n\n٣٦٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أَخبرَنا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أَخبرَنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَالنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى، فَسَمِعَ خَفْقَ نَعْلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: \"أَيُّكُمْ دَخَلَ؟ \". قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: \"وَكَيْفَ وَجَدْتَنَا؟ \". قَالَ: سُجُودًا فَسَجَدْتُ. قَالَ: \"هَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا، إِذَا وَجَدْتُمُوهَ قَائِمًا أَوْ رَاكِعًا أَوْ سَاجِدًا أَوْ جَالِسًا فَافْعَلُوا كَمَا تَجِدُونَهُ، وَلَا تَعْتَدُّوا بِالسَّجْدَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَدْرِكُوا الرَّكْعَةَ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ يَعنى ابن أبى حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ إذا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٥٨، ١٩٩٨).\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٧٩٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسدد كما فى المطالب العالية (٥٢٩) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٣٦: هذا الشيخ الذى أرسله مجهول.","vol":"4","page":413},{"text":"وجَدَ الإمامَ قَد صَلَّى بَعضَ الصَّلاةِ صَلَّى مَعَ الإمامِ ما أدرَكَ، إن قامَ قامَ، وإِن قَعَدَ قَعَدَ، حَتَّى يَقضىَ الإمامُ صَلاتَه لا يُخالِفُه فى شَئٍ. قال: وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ -﵁- يقولُ: إذا فاتَتكَ الرَّكعَةُ فقَد فاتَتكَ السَّجدَةُ (^١).\n\n٣٦٦٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: إذا وجَدتَ الإمامَ على حالٍ فاصنَعْ كما يَصنَعُ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى مَعنَى هذا مَرفوعًا مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبِ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا أخبرَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا فاتَته رَكعًة أو شَئٌ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ مَعَ الإمامِ فسَلَّمَ الإمامُ قامَ ساعَةَ يُسَلِّمُ، ولَم يَنتَظِرْ قيامَ الإمامِ (^٤).\n\n٣٦٦٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرٌ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ الحارِثُ بنُ نَبهانَ، عن أبى هارونَ العَبدِىِّ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ قال: هِىَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٦١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخترى فى جزئه (٦٥٦) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٢٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٥٩١)، وقال: حديث غريب، لا نعلم أحدًا أسنده إلا ما روى من هذا الوجه، والعمل على هذا عند أهل العلم.\n(^٤) ابن وهب فى موطئه (٣٧٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩/ ٣) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"4","page":414},{"text":"السُّنَّةُ. وعَنِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أيضًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-795>باب: ما أدرَكَ مِن صَلاةِ الإِمامِ فهوَ أوَّلُ صَلاتِهِ</span>\n\n٣٦٦٨ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِى أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِىُّ، أَخبرَنا عَلِىُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِى شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِى أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقُولُ: \"إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ، ائْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا، وَمَا فَاتَكَمْ فَأَتِمُّوا\" (^٢).\nرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِىُّ فِى \"الصحيح\" عَنْ أَبِى الْيَمَانِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ هَكَذَا (^٣).\n\n٣٦٦٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَرْكانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ وأَبِى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، زادَ أبو سعيدٍ فى حَديثِه: وأَبوه، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أُقيمَت الصَّلاةُ فلا تأتوها تَسعَونَ، وأتوها تَمشُونَ وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٣٧٥، ٣٧٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٢)، والترمذى (٣٢٧) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (٥٩٣٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (٩٠٨)، ومسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥١).","vol":"4","page":415},{"text":"فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأتِمّوا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ دونَ رِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبيه سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢). وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن الزُّهرِىُّ عَنهُما بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٣).\nورواه شُعبَةُ عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ فقالَ: \"واقضوا ما سَبَقَكُم\" (^٤). ورِوايَةُ ابنِه عنه مَعَ مُتابَعَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ إيّاه أصَحُّ، وكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبى سلمةَ:\n\n٣٦٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ثُوِّبَ بالصَّلاةِ فعَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأتِمّوا\" (^٥).\n\n٣٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ يَرويه عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٥٤٠) من طريق البرتى به. وابن ماجه (٧٧٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وتقدم فى (١٩٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٦، ٩٠٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٦٤، ٩٠١١)، وأبو داود (٥٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٥، ١٧٧٢) من طريق شعبة وإبراهيم بن سعد عن سعد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٩٦ من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٣٧: إسناده صالح.","vol":"4","page":416},{"text":"النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أتَيتُمُ الصَّلاةَ فلا تأتوها وأنتُم تَسعَونَ، وأْتوها وأنتُم تَمشُونَ عَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلّوا، وما فاتَكُم فاقضُوا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ مُدرَجًا فيما قَبلَه على لَفظِ حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عمرَ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ ابنَ سلمةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ يقولُ: لا أعلَمُ هَذِه اللَّفظَةَ رَواها عن الزُّهرِىِّ غَيرُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ: \"واقضُوا ما فاتَكُم\". قال مسلمٌ: أخطأَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ فى هَذِه اللَّفظَةِ.\n\n٣٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَتّابٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالِكِ ابنِ أنَسٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تأتوا الصَّلاةَ وأنتُم تَسعَونَ، ائتُوها وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأتِمّوا\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئ، رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٠)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٧٧، ١٧٨)، والترمذى (٣٢٩)، والنسائى (٨٦٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٣٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٨٥)، ومسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٦٥) من طريق العلاء به.","vol":"4","page":417},{"text":"فى بَعضِ النُّسخِ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ.\n\n٣٦٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا نودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ (^١) فأْتوها وأنتُم تَمشونَ وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلّوا، وما سُبِقتُم فأتِمّوا\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ.\nوبِمَعنَى هذا اللَّفظ رواه جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n٣٦٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا مَكِّىٌّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ثُوِّبَ بالصَّلاةِ فلا يَسعَيَنَّ إلَيها أحَدُكُم، ولَكِن ليَمشِ عليه السَّكينَةُ والوَقارُ، صَلِّ ما أدرَكتَ، واقضِ ما سُبِقتَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ فُضَيلِ بنِ عياضٍ وابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٤). ورواه أبو رافِعٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- بمَعنَى هَذا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"للصلاة\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٦٦٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥١٤)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٨٧، ١٨٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٦) من طريق أبى رابع به.","vol":"4","page":418},{"text":"والَّذينَ قالوا: \"فأتِمّوا\". أكثَرُ وأَحفَظُ وأَلزَمُ لأبِى هريرةَ -﵁- فهوَ أولَى، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n٣٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: بَينَما نَحنُ نُصلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ سمِع جَلَبَةَ رِجالٍ، فلَمّا صَلَّى دَعاهُم فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكُم؟ \". قالوا: اسَتعجَلنا إلى الصَّلاةِ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا، إذا أتَيتُمُ الصَّلاةَ فعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما سُبِقتُم فأتِمّوا\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن حَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ سَلَّامٍ وشَيبانَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: ما أدرَكتَ فهوَ أوَّلُ صَلاتِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٣٧، ٧٣٨: ما يظهر لي كثير فرق بين قوله: \"فأتموا\" و: \"فاقضوا\". لأن كل من أتم الصلاة فقد قضاها، قال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا﴾. أى: فإذا تمت الصلاة.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٦٥) عن أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٠٨) من طريق شيبان به. وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٥)، ومسلم (٦٠٣/ ١٥٥).\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٨: فيه الحارث الأعور. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٨٧) من طريق آخر عن على.","vol":"4","page":419},{"text":"٣٦٧٧ - قال: وأَخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ مِثلَه (^١).\n\n٣٦٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ، عن رَبيعَةَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ وأَبا الدَّرداءِ -﵄- قالا: ما أدرَكتَ مِن آخِرِ صَلاةِ الإمامِ فاجعَلْه أوَّلَ صَلاتِكَ (^٢).\nقال الوَليدُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لأبِى عمرٍو يَعنِى الأوزاعِىَّ ولِسَعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ فقالا: ما أدرَكتَ مِن صَلاةِ الإمامِ أوَّلُ صَلاتِكَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوّيناه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحِ والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ وأَبِى قِلابَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٧٩ - وعَن قَتادَةَ أنَّ عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: ما أدرَكتَ مَعَ الإمامِ فهوَ أوَّلُ صَلاتِكَ، واقضِ ما سَبَقَكَ به مِنَ القُرآنِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٣٦٨٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٩٢) من طريق أيوب به بلفظ: ما أدرك مع الإمام آخر صلاته.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٨٤) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣١٦٢، ٣١٦٨)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٧١٨٦، ٧١٩٧، ٧١٩٩).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢، وعبد الرزاق (٣١٦٠).","vol":"4","page":420},{"text":"مِثلَ قَولِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- (^١). هذا وإِن كان مُرسَلًا، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فهوَ شاهِدٌ لِرِوايَةِ الحارِثِ عن علىٍّ -﵁-.\n\n٣٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ السُّنَّةَ إذا أدرَكَ الرَّجُلُ رَكعَةً مِن صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ مَعَ الإمامِ أن يَجلِسَ مَعَ الإمامِ، فإِذا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ قامَ فرَكَعَ الثّانيَةَ فجَلَسَ فيها وتَشَهَّدَ، ثم قامَ فرَكَعَ الرَّكعَةَ الثّالِثَةَ، فتَشَهَّدَ فيها ثم سَلَّمَ، والصَّلَواتُ على هَذِه السُّنَّةِ فيما يُجلَسُ فيه مِنهُنَّ.\nقال الزُّهرِىُّ: قال سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: حَدِّثونِى بثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ يُتَشَهَّدُ فيهِنَّ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. فإِذا سُئلَ عَنها قال: تِلكَ صَلاةُ المَغرِبِ يُسبَقُ الرَّجُلُ مِنها برَكعَةٍ، ثم يُدرِكُ رَكعَتَينِ فيَتَشَهَّدُ فيهِما (^٢).\n\n٣٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه فاتَته رَكعةٌ مِنَ المَغرِبِ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ الإمامُ قامَ حَتَّى رَفَعَ صَوتَه بالقراءةِ، فكأَنِّى أسمَعُ قراءتَه: ﴿فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّى﴾ (^٣) [الليل: ١٤].\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠٢، وعبد الرزاق (٣١٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه مالك ١/ ١٦٩، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر فى جامع بيان العلم (٧٦٧) عن الزهرى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٢٠٠) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣١٧٢).","vol":"4","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-796>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى وحدَه ثم يُدرِكُها مَعَ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٣٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو على إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الصّامِتِ قالَ: كان أميرٌ مِنَ الأُمَراءِ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ، فسأَلْتُ أبا ذَرٍّ، فضَرَبَ فخِذِى فقالَ: سأَلتُ خَليلِى، يَعنِى النبىَّ -ﷺ-، فضَرَبَ فخِذِى فقالَ: \"صَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِميقاتِها، فإِن أدرَكتَ فصَلِّ مَعَهُم، ولا تَقُلْ: إنِّى قَد صَلَّيتُ فلَن أُصَلِّىَ مَعَهُم\" (^١).\n\n٣٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى ايُّوب السَّختيِانِىُّ، عن أبى العاليَةِ قال: أخَّرَ عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ زيادٍ الصَّلاةَ، فلَقيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الصّامِتِ فسأَلتُه، فضَرَبَ فخِذِى وقالَ: سأَلتُ خَليلِى أبا ذَرٍّ فضَرَبَ فخِذِى وقالَ: سأَلتُ خَليلِى، يَعنِى النبىَّ -ﷺ-، فضَرَبَ فخِذِى فقالَ: \"صَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِميقاتِها، فإِن أدرَكتَ فصَلِّ مَعَهُم، ولا تَقُلْ: إنِّى قَد صَلَّيتُ فلا أُصَلِّى\". أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٠٦) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢١٤٢٣)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٩٥٤)، ومسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٢)، والنسائى (٧٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٠٦) من طريق أيوب به. ومسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٤) من طريق أبى العالية به. وسيأتى فى (٣٦٩٠، ٥٤٠٤).","vol":"4","page":422},{"text":"إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ (^١).\n\n٣٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى الدِّيلِ يُقالُ له: بُسرُ بنُ مِحجَنٍ، عن أبيه مِحجَنٍ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأُذِّنَ بالصَّلاةِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى، ثم رَجَعَ ومِحجَنٌ فى مَجلِسِه كما هو، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُصَلِّىَ مَعَ النّاسِ؟ ألَستَ برَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ؟ \". قال: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ولَكِنِّى يا رسولَ اللَّه قَد كُنتُ صَلَّيتُ فى أهلِى. قال: \"فإِذا جِئتَ فصَلِّ مَعَ النّاسِ وإِن كُنتَ قَد صَلَّيتَ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبد المَلِكِ ابن محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن جابرِ ابنِ يَزيدَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قالَ: صَلَّينا مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- الفَجرَ بمِنًى، فجاءَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٤، وابن وهب (٤٤٠)، ومالك ١/ ١٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٣٩٥)، والنسائى (٨٥٦)، وابن حبان (٢٤٠٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٨٢٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٦٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٦.","vol":"4","page":423},{"text":"رجلانِ حَتَّى وقَفا على رَواحِلِهِما، فأَمَرَ بهِما النبىُّ -ﷺ- فجِئَ بهِما تُرعَدُ فرائصُهُما (^١)، فقالَ لَهُما: \"ما مَنَعَكُما أن تُصَلّيا مَعَ النّاس؟ ألَستُما مُسلِمَينِ؟ \". قالا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنّا كُنّا صلَّينا فى رِحالِنا. فقالَ لَهُما: \"إذا صَلَّيتُما فى رِحالِكُما ثم أتَيتُما الإمامَ فصَلّيا معه، فإِنَّها لَكُما نافِلَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ قال: قَرأتُ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، عن بُكَيرٍ، أنَّه سمِع عَفيفَ بنَ عمرَ (^٣) بنِ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: حدَّثَنى رجلٌ مِن أسَدِ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، أنَّه سألَ أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ قال: يُصَلِّى أحَدُنا فى مَنزِلِه الصَّلاةَ ثم يأتِى المَسجِدَ وتُقامُ الصَّلاةُ، فأُصلِّى مَعَهُم فأَجِدُ فى نَفسِى مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا. فقالَ أبو أيّوبَ: سأَلنا عن ذَلِكَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ له سَهمُ جَمعٍ (^٤) \" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الفرائص: جمع الفريصة وهي لحمة وسط الجنب عند منبض القلب، تفترص عند الفزع، أى: ترتعد. معالم السنن ١/ ١٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٧٧ - ١٧٤٧٩)، وأبو داود (٥٧٥، ٥٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٨) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (٣٦٩١، ٣٦٩٢). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٣٨، ٥٣٩).\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، والمعجم الكبير ٤/ ١٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٨٣. وفى سنن أبى داود (٥٧٨)، وتحفة الأشراف ٣/ ١٠٨ والمهذب ٢/ ٧٤٠: عفيف بن عمرو. وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٤) سهم جمع: أي له سهم من الخير جُمع فيه حظان، وقيل: أراد بالجمع الجيش: أي كسهم الجيش من الغنيمة. النهاية ١/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٥٧٨). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٣٩٩٨) من طريق أحمد بن صالح به. والمزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٨٣ من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١١٥).","vol":"4","page":424},{"text":"٣٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ (^١)، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عَفيفِ بنِ عمرَ (^٢) السَّهمِىِّ، عن رجلِ مِن بني أسَدٍ، أنَّه سألَ أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ فقالَ: إنِّى أُصَلِّى فى بَيتِى ثم آتِى المَسجِدَ، فأَجِدُ الإمامَ يُصَلِّى، أفأُصَلِّى مَعَهُ؟ فقالَ أبو أيّوبَ: نَعَم، مَن صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّ له سَهمَ جَمعٍ، أو مِثلَ سَهمِ جَمعٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-797>بابُ ما يَكونُ مِنهُما نافِلَةً</span>\n\n٣٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عِمرانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الصّامِتِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- أنَّ النبىَّ قال: \"إنَّه سَيَكونُ أُمَراءُ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن مَواقيتِها، ألا فصَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها ثم ائتِهِم، فإِن كانوا قَد صَلَّوا كُنتَ قَد أحرَزتَ صَلاتَكَ، وإِلا صَلَّيتَ مَعَهُم فكانَتَ نافِلَةً\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ إدريسَ عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"حفص\".\n(^٢) كذا هنا ولم يسم أباه فى الموطأ، وفى التاريخ الكبير والمعرفة: \"عمرو\". وينظر حاشية (٣) فى الصفحة السابقة.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٣٣، ومن طريقه البخارى فى تاريخه ٧/ ٧٥. وأخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٣٥ من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٤٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٨٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٦)، وابن حبان (١٧١٨) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٢١٣٢٤)، ومسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٣٨)، وأبو داود (٤٣١)، والترمذى (١٧٦) من طريق أبى عمران به.","vol":"4","page":425},{"text":"شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٣٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنا جابِرُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قال: شَهِدتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- حَجتَه، فصَلَّيتُ معه صَلاةَ الفَجرِ فى مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ. قال: فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه وانحَرَفَ، فإِذا هو برَجُلَينِ فى أُخرَياتِ القَومِ لم يُصَلّيا معه قال: \"عَلَىَّ بهِما\". فأتِىَ بهِما تُرعَدُ فرائصُهُما قال: \"ما مَنَعَكُما أن تُصَلّيا مَعَنا؟ \". قالا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كُنّا قَد صَلَّينا فى رِحالِنا. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلا، إذا صَلَّيتُما فى رِحالِكُما ثم أتَيتُما مَسجِدَ جَماعَةٍ فصَلّيا مَعَهُم، فإِنَّها لَكُما نافِلَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٦٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: أخبرَنِى يَعلَى بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنا جابِرُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ الأسوَدِ الخُزاعِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: صَقَينا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- الفَجرَ بمِنًى، فانحَرَفَ فأَبصَرَ رجلَينِ مِن وراءِ النّاسِ، فدَعا بهِما فجِئَ بهِما تُرعَدُ فرائصُهُما فقالَ: \"ما مَنَعَكُما أن تُصَلّيا مع النَّاسِ؟ \". قالا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّينا فى الرَّحْلِ. قال: \"لا تَفعَلوا، إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فى رَحلِه، ثم أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ مَعَ الإمامِ، فليُصَلِّها مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٧٤)، والترمذى (٢١٩)، والنسائى (٨٥٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٩)، وابن حبان (١٥٦٥) من طريق هشيم به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح.","vol":"4","page":426},{"text":"الإمامِ، فإِنَّها له نافِلَةٌ\" (^١). هَكَذا رواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ ووَكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ وعيرُهُما عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىُّ. وخالَفَهُم أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ فرواه عن سُفيانَ كما:\n\n٣٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فلَمّا انصَرَفَ رأَى رجلَينِ فى مُؤَخَّرِ القَومِ. قال: فدَعا بهِما فجاءا تُرعَدُ فرائصهُما فقالَ: \"ما لَكُما لم تُصَلّيا مَعَنا؟ \". قالا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّينا فى الرِّحالِ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلا، إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فى رَحلِه ثم جاءَ إلى الإمامِ فليُصَلِّ معه، وليَجعَلِ التى صَلَّى فى بَيته نافِلَةً\" (^٢).\nقال عَلِىٌّ: خالَفَه أصحابُ الثَّورِىِّ ومَعَهُم أصحابُ يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، مِنهُم شُعبَةُ وهِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ وشَريكٌ وغَيلانُ بنُ جامِعٍ وأبو خالِدٍ الدّالانِىُّ ومُبارَكُ ابنُ فَضالَةَ وأبو عَوانَةَ وهُشَيمٌ وغَيرُهُم، ورَوَوه عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ مِثلَ قَولِ وكيعٍ، [يَعنِى عن سُفيانَ] (^٣).\nقال عَلِىٌّ: ورواه حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ عن أبيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٨٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٧٥)، وأبو داود (٦١٤)، والنسائى (١٣٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٨) من طرق عن سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٧٤).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤١٤.\n(^٣) فى سنن الدارقطنى: \"وابن مهدى\".","vol":"4","page":427},{"text":"ابنِ عمرٍو عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه قال: \"فيكونُ (^١) لَكُما نافِلَةً، والَّتِى فى رَواحِلِكُما فريضَةً\". قال عَلِىٌّ: حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أخطأَ حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ فى إسنادِه وإِن أصابَ فى مَتنِه، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ، وذكَر الشافعىُّ ﵀ فى القَديمِ احتِجاجَ من احتَجَّ بحَديثِ يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ ثم قال: وهَذا إسنادٌ مَجهولٌ.\nوإنَّما قال ذَلِكَ واللَّه أعلَمُ؛ لأنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ الأسوَدِ لَيسَ له راوٍ غَيرُ ابنِه جابرِ ابنِ يَزيدَ، ولا لجابرِ بنِ يَزيدَ راوٍ غَيرُ يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ يوَثِّقونَ يَعلَى بنَ عَطاءٍ، وهَذا الحَديثُ له شَواهِدُ قَد تقدَّم ذِكرُها، فالاحتِجاجُ به وبِشَواهِدِه صَحيحٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-798>بابُ مَن قال: الثّانيَةُ فريضَةٌ. وفيه نَظَرٌ</span>\n\n٣٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن نوحِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: جِئتُ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ، فجَلَستُ ولَم أدخُلْ مَعَهُم فى الصَّلاةِ. قال: فانصَرَفَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرأَى يَزيدَ جالِسًا فقالَ: \"ألَم تُسلِمْ يا يَزيدُ؟ \". قال: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّه، قَد أسلَمتُ. قال: \"وما\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى س، م. وعزاه صاحب كنز العمال (٢٠٦٧١) إلى المصنف بلفظ: \"فتكون\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤١٤.","vol":"4","page":428},{"text":"مَنَعَكَ أن تَدخُلَ مَعَ النّاسِ فى صَلاتِهِم؟ \". قال: إنِّى كُنتُ صَلَّيتُ فى مَنزِلِى وأَنا أحسِبُ أن قَد صَلَّيتُم. فقالَ: \"إذا جِئتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فوَجَدتَ النّاسَ فصَلِّ مَعَهُم وإِن كُنتَ قَد صَلَّيتَ، فلتَكُنْ لَكَ نافِلَةً وهَذِه مَكتوبَةً\" (^١).\nفهَذا موافِقٌ لِما مَضى فى إعادَةِ الصَّلاةِ فى الجَماعَةِ، مُخالِفٌ له فى المَكتوبَةِ مِنهُما، وما مَضى أكثَرُ وأَشهَرُ فهوَ أولَى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قراءةً عليه، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ قال: سأَلتُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى فى بَيتِه ثم يُدرِكُ الجَماعَةَ قال: يُصَلّيها مَعَهُم. قال: قُلتُ: فبِأَيِّهِما يَحتَسِبُ؟ قال: بالَّذِى صَلَّى مَعَ الإمامِ، فإِنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- حدَّثَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"صَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ فى الجَميعِ (^٢) تَزيدُ على صَلاتِه وحدَه خَمسًا وعِشرينَ صَلاةً\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-799>بابُ مَن قال: ذَلِكَ إلى اللَّهِ ﷿ يَحتَسِبُ له بأَيَّتِهِما شاءَ عن فرضِهِ</span>\n\n٣٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٧٠)، وأبو داود (٥٧٧). وأخرجه البخارى فى تاريخه ٨/ ١٠٩ من طريق معن بن عيسى به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١١٢).\n(^٢) فى م: \"الجمع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٣١٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"4","page":429},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ رجلًا سألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ فقالَ: إنِّى أُصَلِّى فى بَيتِى ثم أُدرِكُ الصَّلاةَ مَعَ الإِمامِ، أفأُصَلِّى مَعَهُ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ: نَعَم فصَلِّ مَعَه. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فأَيَّتَهُما أجعَلُ صَلاتِى؟ فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ: وذَلِكَ إلَيكَ؟! إنَّما ذَلِكَ إلى اللَّه تعالَى يَجعَلُ أيَّتَهُما شاءَ (^١).\n\n٣٦٩٧ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ رجلًا سألَ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: إنِّى أُصَلِّى فى بَيتى ثم آى المَسجِدَ فأَجِدُ الإمامَ يُصَلِّى، أفأُصَلِّى مَعَهُ؟ فقالَ سَعيدٌ: نَعَم. قال الرَّجُلُ: فأَيَّتَهُما أجعَلُ صَلاتِى؟ فقالَ سَعيدٌ: وأَنتَ تَجعَلُها؟! إنَّما ذَلِكَ إلى اللَّهِ يَجعَلُ أيَّتَهُما شاءَ (^٢).\nوالقَولُ الأوَّلُ أصَحُّ؛ لِحَديثِ أبى ذَرٍّ ويَزيدَ بنِ الأسوَدِ. ويُذكَرُ عن عثمانَ ابنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى رافِعٍ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عمرَ عن إعادَةِ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: المَكتوبَةُ الأولَى (^٣). فكأَنَّه بَلَغَه فى ذَلِكَ ما لم يَبلُغْه حينَ لم يَقطَعْ فيها بشَئٍ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-800>بابُ مَن أعادَها وإِن صَلَّاها فى جَماعَةٍ</span>\nرُوّينا فى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخدرِىِّ -﵁- فى الرَّجُلِ الذى دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ وقَد صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"ألا رجلٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ على هذا فيُصَلِّىَ معه؟ \". فقامَ رجلٌ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٣٣، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (١١٢١).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٣٥ من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٦/ ٢٣٤.","vol":"4","page":430},{"text":"فصَلَّى مَعَه (^١). وعَنِ الحسنِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا فى هذا الخَبَرِ: فقامَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فصَلَّى معه، وقَد كان صَلَّى مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٣٦٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحسينِ السِّمسارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الأنصارِىُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنى حُمَيد الطَّويلُ قال: قال أنَسٌ: قَدِمنا مَعَ أبى موسَى الأشعَرىِّ فصَلَّى بنا الغَداةَ بالمِربَدِ، ثم انتَهَينا إلى المَسجِدِ، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فصَلَّينا مَعَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٦٩٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ قال: حدَّثَنى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: قال أنَسٌ: كان أبو موسَى على جُندِ أهلِ البَصرَةِ والنُّعمانُ بنُ مُقَرنٍ على جُندِ أهلِ الكوفَةِ، وكُنتُ بَينَهُما، فتَواعَدا أن يَلتَقيا عِندِى غُدوَةً، فصَلَّى أحَدُهُما بأَصحابِه ثم جاءَ فصلَّى مَعَنا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-801>بابُ مَن لم يَرَ إعادَتَها إذا كان قَد صَلَّاها فى جَماعَةٍ</span>\nوفيما مَضَى مِنَ الأخبارِ كالدِّلالَةِ على ذَلِكَ؛ لِوُرودِ الأمرِ بالإِعادَةِ على مَن صَلَّاها وحدَه.\n\n٣٧٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرنا إسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى مسندا فى (٥٠٧١، ٥٠٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الأثرم كما فى التمهيد ٣/ ٩١ من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٧٢٠) من طريق حميد به.","vol":"4","page":431},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عيسَى العَطّارُ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ -زادَ ابنُ مُكرَمٍ: وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، وهَذا حَديثُ يَزيدَ- حدَّثَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، حدَّثَنى سليمانُ مَولَى مَيمونَةَ، أنَّه سمِع ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تُصَلُّوا صَلاةً فى يَومٍ مَرَّتَينِ\" (^٢).\n\n٣٧٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، أخبرَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ ذَكوانَ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنِى سليمانُ مَولَى مَيمونَةَ قال: أتَيتُ على ابنِ عمرَ ذاتَ يَومٍ وهو جالِسٌ بالبَلاطِ (^٣) والنّاسُ فى صَلاةِ العَصرِ فقُلتُ: أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ النّاسُ فى الصَّلاةِ! قال: إنِّى قَد صَلَّيتُ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ مَكتوبَةً فى يَومٍ مَرَّتَينِ\" (^٤). قال عَلِىٌّ: تَفَرَّدَ به الحسينُ المُعَلِّمُ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا إن صحَّ فمَحمولٌ على أنَّه قَد كان صَلَّاها فى جَماعَةٍ فلَم يُعِدْها، وقَوله: \"لا صَلاةَ مَكتوبَةً فى يَومٍ مَرَّتَينِ\". أي كِلتاهُما على وجهِ الفَرضِ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"البزار\". وتقدم فى (٢٠٦٨)، وسيأتى فى (٤٣١٥) وغيرها.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٩٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٤٦٨٩)، وأبو داود (٥٧٩)، والنسائى (٨٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤١)، وابن حبان (٢٣٩٦) من طريق حسين به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٤٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) البلاط: موضع بالمدينة بين المسجد وسوق المدينة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٥٢.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤١٦. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٤١) من طريق أبى أسامة به.","vol":"4","page":432},{"text":"ويَرجِعُ ذَلِكَ على أنَّ الأمرَ بإِعادَتِها اختيارٌ أو لَيسَ بحَتمٍ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-802>بابُ صَلاةِ المَريضِ</span>\n\n٣٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى زكريا بنُ يَحيَى المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَقَطَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن فرَسٍ، فجُحِشَ شِقُّه (^١) الأيمَنُ فدَخَلنا عليه نَعودُه، فحَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصلَّى قاعِدًا، فصَلَّينا قُعودًا، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ فارفَعوا وإِذا قال: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، وإِذا صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلُّوا قُعودًا أجمَعينَ\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن سُفيانَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣). وأَخرَجا هَذِه القِصَّةَ أيضًا مِن حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂-.\n\n٣٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عَبْدَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَخَلَ عليه\n_________\n(^١) جُحِش: هو أن يصيبه شئ فينسحج منه جلده، وهو كالخدش أو أكبر من ذلك. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٧٤)، والبخارى (٨٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٧٦، ١٢٣٨)، والنسائى (٧٩٣، ١٠٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢١٠٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم فى (٢٦٥٧)، وسيأتى فى (٥١٣٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (١١١٤)، ومسلم (٤١١/ ٧٧).","vol":"4","page":433},{"text":"ناسٌ مِن أصحابِه يَعُودونَه، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسًا فصَلَّوا بصَلاتِه قيامًا، فأَشارَ إلَيهِم أنِ اجلِسوا فجَلَسوا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ فارفَعوا، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: لما ثَقُلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَ بلالٌ يُؤذِنُه بالصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رجلٌ أسِيفٌ (^٣)، وإِنَّه مَتَى يَقومُ مَقامَكَ لا يُسمِعِ النّاسَ، فلَو أمَرتَ عُمَرَ. قال: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ لِحَفصَةَ: قولِى له: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رجلٌ أسيفٌ، وإِنَّه مَتَى يَقومُ مَقامَكَ لا يُسمِعُ النّاسَ، فلَو أمَرتَ عُمَرَ. فقالَت له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكُنَّ لأنتُنَّ صَواحِبُ يوسُف، مُروا أبا بكر فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فأَمَروا أبا بكرٍ فصَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٨٥٨٠)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٢٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٥٠)، والبخارى (٥٦٥٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٥١٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٤) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى فى (٥١٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤١٢/ ٨٢)، والبخارى (٦٨٨، ١١١٣، ١٢٣٦).\n(^٣) رجل أسيف: أى شديد الحزن والبكاء، وقال الأزهرى: أسيف أى رقيق. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٦.","vol":"4","page":434},{"text":"بالنّاسِ. قالَت: فلَمّا دَخَلَ فى الصَّلاةِ وجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن نَفسِه خِفَّةً، قالَت: فقامَ يُهادَى بَينَ رجلَينِ ورِجلاه تَخُطّانِ فى الأرضِ (^١). قالَت: فلَمّا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ سمِع أبو بكرٍ حِسَّه ذَهَبَ ليَتأخَّرَ، فأَوَمأَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قُمْ مَكانَكَ، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى جَلَسَ عن يَسارِ أبى بكرٍ، قالَت: فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ جالِسًا، وأبو بكرٍ قائمًا، يَقتَدِى أبو بكرٍ بصَلاةَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- ويَقتَدِى النّاسُ بصَلاةِ أبى بَكرٍ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخارىُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٧٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ بَيانٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ العَيشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان وَجِعًا، فأَمَرَ أبا بكرٍ أن يُصلِّىَ بالنّاسِ، قالَت: فوَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن نَفسِه\n_________\n(^١) رجلاه تخطان فى الأرض: أى لا يستطيع أن يرفعهما ويضعهما ويعتمد عليهما. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٤/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٧٦)، والنسائى (٨٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٢١، ٦٨٧٣) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وسيأتى فى (٥١٤٤، ٥٢١٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٥)، والبخارى (٧١٣).","vol":"4","page":435},{"text":"خِفَّةً، فجاءَ فقَعَدَ إلى جَنبِ أبى بكرٍ، فأَمَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أبا بكرٍ وهو قاعِدٌ، وأَمَّ أبو بكرٍ النّاسَ وهو قائمٌ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\nوفى صَلاتِه -ﷺ- جالِسًا فى مَرَضِه دِلالَةٌ على ما قَصَدناه بهَذا البابِ، وفى صَلاتِه بأَبِى بكرٍ وهو قاعِدٌ وأبو بكرٍ قائم دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ الأمرَ الأوَّلَ صارَ مَنسوخًا، وأَنَّ الصَّحيحَ يُصَلِّى قائمًا وإِن صَلَّى إمامُه قاعِدًا بالعُذرِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ الطّالْقانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ -قال أبو إسحاقَ: وسَمِعتُ ابنَ المُبارَكِ يقولُ: كان إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ ثَبَتًا فى الحديثِ- عن حُسَينٍ المُكْتِبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: كانَت بي بَواسيرُ، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"صَلِّ قائمًا، فإِن لم تَستَطِعْ فقاعِدًا، فإِن لم تَستَطِعْ فعَلَى جَنبٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٧٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (٢)، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٩٨. وتقدم فى (٣٣٩٩).\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٢٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٧٩، ١٢٥٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١٩٨١٩)، وأبو داود (٩٥٢)، والترمذى (٣٧٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٩، ١٢٥٠) من طريق وكيع عن إبراهيم بن طهمان به. وسيأتى فى (٥٥٥٦).","vol":"4","page":436},{"text":"حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-803>بابُ ما روِى فى كَيفيَّةِ هذا القُعودِ</span>\n\n٣٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا (^٣).\n\n٣٧٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ زُهَيرٍ التُّستَرِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ العباسِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ. فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه قال: عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ (^٤).\n\n٣٧١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ ابنُ الأصبَهانِىِّ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٨٠ عن إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١١١٧).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى (١٦٦٠) عن هارون بن عبد اللَّه به، وقال: لا أعلم أحدا روى هذا الحديث غير أبى داود وهو ثقة، ولا أحسب هذا الحديث إلا خطأ، واللَّه أعلم.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٧٨، ١٢٣٨) من طريق يوسف بن موسى القطان به.","vol":"4","page":437},{"text":"قالَت: رأَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا (^١).\nوقَد رُوّينا فى الحديث الثّابِتِ عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قَعَدَ فى الصَّلاةِ جَعلَ قَدَمَه اليُسرَى بَينَ فخِذِه وساقِه، وفَرَشَ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى (^٢). إلا أنَّ ذَلِكَ فى القُعودِ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ. ولعل ذَلِكَ كان مِن شَكوًى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٧١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا عَبدانُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَدعو هَكَذا، ووَضَعَ يَدَيه على رُكبَتَيه وهو مُتَرَبِّعٌ جالِسٌ (^٣).\n\n٣٧١٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ ابنُ على المُقَدَّمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ حُمَيدًا الطَويلَ قال: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا على فِراشِهِ (^٤). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّه: لا أعلَمُ أنِّى سَمِعتُه إلا مِنه. قال: وكانَ عَبّاد يَرويه لا يقولُ فيه: مُتَرَبِّعًا.\n[قال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى عُقبَةُ أخو سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الطّائىِّ، أنَّه رأَى] (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٢٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٥٨، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٢١).\n(^٣) عزاه ابن حجر فى التلخيص الحبير ١/ ٢٢٦ للمصنف وحده.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حجر فى تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٢١٨ من طريق المصنف به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٤: غريب.\n(^٥) سقط من: م.","vol":"4","page":438},{"text":"[[أنس بنَ مالكٍ] (^١) يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا (^٢). ورواه أيضًا عنه عُمَرُ شَيخٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ (^٣)] (^٤).\n\n٣٧١٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان يَتَرَبَّعُ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٥).\n\n٣٧١٤ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قال: سأَلتُ قَتادَةَ عن التَّرَبُّعِ فى الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: قال محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ يَفعَلُه.\nقال الشيخُ: رُوّينا عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه إنَّما قعَدَ كَذَلِكَ فى التَّشَهُّدِ، واعتَذَرَ فى ذَلِكَ بأَنَّ رِجلَيه لا تَحمِلانِه (^٦)، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إنَّ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٣٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: رأَيتُ بَكرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا ومُتَّكِئًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أنس بن سيرين أنه رأى أنس بن مالك\". والمثبت كما فى مصدر التخريج. وعقبة بن عبيد يروى عن أنس بن مالك.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦١٧٤، ٦١٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه بن أبى شيبة (٦١٧٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٤١٠٧).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) قال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٧٤٤: الكديمى -يعنى محمد بن يونس- ساقط.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨١٥).\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦١٧٩) عن معاذ بن معاذ به.","vol":"4","page":439},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ فى المَريضِ: يُصَلِّى مُتَرَبِّعًا (^١). ورُوّينا عن عمرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أنَّه فعَلَه (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَه:\n\n٣٧١٦ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ قال: سأَلتُ الحَكَمَ عن التَّرَبُّعِ فى الصَّلاةِ، فكَرِهَه وقالَ: أحسِبُ ابنَ عباسٍ كَرِهَه (^٥).\n\n٣٧١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصينٍ، عن الهَيثَمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: لَأنْ أقعُدَ على جَمرَةٍ أو جَمرَتَينِ أحَبُّ إلىَّ مِن أن أقعُدَ مُتَرَبِّعًا فى الصَّلاةِ (^٦).\nوهَذا قَد حَمَلَه الشافعىُّ فى كِتابِ علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ على الإِطلاقِ وقالَ: نَكرَهُ (^٧) ما يَكرَهُ ابنُ مَسعودٍ مِن تَرَبُّعِ الرَّجُلِ فى الصَّلاةِ، وهُم -يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤١٠٤، ٤١٠٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦١٧٨، ٦١٩٣).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤١١٣).\n(^٣) فى س: \"اليعمرى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٦٤٣.\n(^٤) فى س: \"الشرنجى\". وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٣/ ٤٢٥.\n(^٥) أبو القاسم البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٩١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٠٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦١٨٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦١٨٤) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٧) فى س، م: \"يكره\". والمثبت من مصدر التخريج، والمهذب ٢/ ٧٤٥.","vol":"4","page":440},{"text":"العِراقيّينَ- يُخالِفونَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ ويَقولونَ: قيامُ صَلاةِ الجالِسِ التَّرَبُّعُ (^١). ثم فى كِتابِ البوَيطِىِّ قال: يَقعُدُ فى مَوضِعِ القيامِ مُتَرَبِّعًا وكَيفَ أمكَنَه. وكأَنَّه حَمَلَه على الخُصوصِ أو ذَهَبَ إلَيه ببَعضِ ما مَضى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-804>بابُ الإيماءِ بالرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ إذا عَجَزَ عَنهُما</span>\n\n٣٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، [حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عادَ مَريضًا، فرآه يُصَلِّى على وَسادَةٍ؛ فأَخَذَها فرَمى بها، فأَخَذَ عودًا لَيُصلِّىَ عليه فأَخَذَه فرَمَى به وقالَ: \"صَلِّ على الأرضِ إنِ استَطَعتَ، وإِلّا فأومِئْ إيماءً، واجعَلْ سُجودَكَ أخفَضَ مِن رُكوعِكَ\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ ابنُ مَعمَرٍ البحرانِىُّ عن أبى بكرٍ الحَنَفِىِّ (^٣). وهَذا الحديثَ يُعَدُّ فى أفرادِ أبى بكرٍ الحَنَفِىِّ عن الثَّورِىِّ] (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٦٢٢). وأخرجه البزار (٥٦٨ - كشف) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به، وقال: لا نعلم أحدا رواه عن الثورى إلا الحنفى.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٥٦٨ - كشف) عن محمد بن معمر به.\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.","vol":"4","page":441},{"text":"٣٧١٩ - [وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ (^١)، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ] (^٢)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عادَ مَريضًا فرآه يُصَلِّى على وِسادَةٍ، فأَخَذَها فرَمَى بها. ثم ذكَر بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"صَلِّ بالأرضِ إنِ استَطَعتَ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: إذا لم يَستَطِعِ المَريضُ السُّجودَ أومَأَ برأسِه إيماءً ولم يَرفَعْ إلى جَبهَتِه شَيئًا (^٤). كَذَلِكَ رواه جَماعَةٌ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا (^٥). ورواه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عامِرٍ الأسلَمِىُّ عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nوقَد روِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوقوفًا:\n\n٣٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن جَبَلَةَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"خبيب\". وتقدم فى (٢٩٨، ١٦٦٨، ١٦٨٩)، وسيأتى فى (٤٠٤٩، ٤٠٥٠، ٤١٤٦).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٨٢) وسقط منه: عبد الوهاب بن عطاء. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٥: ما خرجوه. وصحح أبو حاتم وقفه على جابر -﵁-. علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٦٨. وأخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٨٠) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٤٢) من طريق أيوب عن نافع به.","vol":"4","page":442},{"text":"قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عمرَ وأَنا أسمَعُ عن الصَّلاةِ على المِروَحَةِ (^١) فقالَ: لا تَتَّخِذْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إلَهًا آخَرَ. أو قال: لا تَتَّخِذ للَّهِ أندادًا، صَلِّ قاعِدًا واسجُدْ على الأرضِ، فإِن لم تَستَطِعْ فأَومِئْ إيماءً، واجعَلِ السُّجودَ أخفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ على أخيه عُتبَةَ نَعودُه وهو مَريضٌ، فرأَى مَعَ أخيه مِروَحَةً يَسجُدُ عَلَيها، فانتَزَعَها مِنه عبدُ اللَّهِ وقالَ: اسجُذ على الأرضِ، فإِن لم تَستَطِعْ فأَومِئْ إيماءً، واجعَلِ السُّجودَ أخفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-805>بابُ مَن وضَعَ وِسادَةً على الأرضِ فسَجَدَ عَلَيها</span>\n\n٣٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: رأَيتُ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- تَسجُدُ على وِسادَةٍ مِن أدَمٍ مِن رَمَدٍ بها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى مصدرى التخريج: \"العود\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٣٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣١) بإسناد آخر عن جملة.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤١٤٤) عن الثورى عن أبى إسحاق به، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٤٣) عن الأعمش عن إبراهيم عن علقمة به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٨١)، والشافعى ١/ ٨١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨١٤) من طريق يونس بن عبيد به. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨١٦) من طريق الحسن به.","vol":"4","page":443},{"text":"٣٧٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىَّ وعَلِىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ ويونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن أُمِّ الحسنِ أنَّها رأَت أُمَّ سلمةَ تُصَلِّى على وِسادَةٍ مِن رَمَدٍ كان بعَينِها.\n\n٣٧٢٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا كامِلٌ، حدَّثَنا مُبارَكُ بنُ فضالَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن أُمِّه بمِثلِهِ.\nورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه رَخصَ فى السُّجُود على الوِسادَةِ والمِخَدَّةِ (^١).\n\n٣٧٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا بَكرُ بنُ بَكّارٍ أبو عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: رأَيتُ عَدِىُّ بنَ حاتِمٍ يَسجُدُ على جِدارٍ فى المَسجِدِ ارتِفاعُه قَدرُ ذِراعٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حِبانُ (^٣) هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إسرائيلَ، حدَّثَنا مَجزأةُ بنُ زاهِرٍ، عن رجلٍ مِنهُم مِن أصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ اسمُه أُهبانُ بنُ أوبر وكانَ يَشتَكِى رُكبَتَه أو رُكبَتَيه، فكانَ إذا سَجَدَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨١٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٤١٤٦، ٤١٤٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان فى المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٣١ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"حيان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٤٤.","vol":"4","page":444},{"text":"جَعَلَ تَحتَ رُكبَتَيه وِسادَةً (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى عامِرٍ العَقَدِىِّ عن إسرائيلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-806>بابُ ما روِى فى كَيفيَّةِ الصَّلاةِ على الجَنبِ أو الاستِلقاءِ، وفيه نَظَرٌ</span>\n\n٣٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ بَطحاءَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الحِبَرىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا حَسَنُ بنُ حُسَينٍ العُرَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الحسينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يُصَلِّى المَريضُ قائمًا إنِ استَطاعَ، فإِن لم يَستَطِعْ صَلَّى قاعِدًا، فإن لم يَستَطِعْ أن يَسجُدَ أومأ وجَعَلَ سُجودَه أخفَضَ مِن رُكوعِه، فإِن لم يَستَطِعْ أن يُصَلِّى قاعِدًا صَلَّى على جَنبِه الأيمَنِ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ، فإِن لم يَستَطِعْ أن يُصَلِّىَ على جَنبِه الأيمَنِ صَلَّى مُستَلقيًا رِجلُه مِمّا يَلِى القِبلَةَ\" (^٤).\n\n٣٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى فى معجم الصحابة ١/ ١٤٦ (١٠٨) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤١٧٤).\n(^٣) فى س: \"الجدى\". وفى م: \"الحيرى\". وتقدم فى (٢٦٤٢، ٣٣٨٦).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٢. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٦: هذا إسناد ساقط. . . حسن واه وشيخه منكر الحديث. وينظر نصب الراية ٢/ ١٧٦.","vol":"4","page":445},{"text":"يُصَلِّى المَريضُ مُستَلقيًا على قَفاه، تَلِى قَدَماه القِبلَةَ (^١).\nوهَذا مَوقوفٌ، وهو مَحمولٌ على ما لَو عَجَزَ عن الصَّلاةِ على جَنبِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-807>بابُ مَن أطاقَ أن يُصَلِّىَ مُنفَرِدًا قائمًا ولَم يُطِقْه مَعَ الإمامِ صَلَّى (^٢) قائمًا مُنفَرِدًا</span>\n\n٣٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحامُ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عنْ صَلاةِ القاعِدِ، فقالَ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَلَّى قائمًا فهوَ أفضَلُ، ومَن صَلَّى قاعِدًا فلَه نِصفُ أجرِ القائمِ، ومَن صَلَّى نائمًا فلَه نِصفُ أجرِ القاعِدِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^٤).\n\n٣٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ الأسَدِىُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٣، وعبد الرزاق (٤١٣٠).\n(^٢) فى م: \"فصلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٧١)، والنسائى (١٦٥٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٦، ١٢٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢٥١٣) من طريق حسين المعلم به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١١١٥، ١١١٦).","vol":"4","page":446},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رجلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إنِّى لا أستَطيعُ الصَّلاةَ مَعَكَ. قال: وكانَ رجلًا ضَخمًا، فصَنَعَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- طَعامًا فدَعاه إلى مَنزِلِه وبَسَطَ له حَصيرًا، ونَضَحَ طَرَفَ الحَصيرِ، فصَلَّى عليه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ. فقالَ رجلٌ مِن آلِ جارودٍ لأنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ: أكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى الضُّحَى؟ فقالَ: ما رأَيتُه صَلَّاها إلا يَومَئذٍ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-808>بابُ مَن قامَ فيما أطاقَ وقَعَدَ فيما عَجَزَ عَنه</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n٣٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ وأَبِى النَّضرِ، عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى جالِسًا فيَقرأُ وهو جالسٌ، فإِذا بَقِىَ مِن قراءتِه قَدرُ ما يَكونُ ثَلاثينَ أو أربَعينَ آيَةً قامَ فقَرأَ وهو قائمٌ، ثم رَكَعَ ثم سَجَدَ، ثم يَفعَلُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٢٩، ١٢٣٣٠)، والبخارى (١١٧٩)، وأبو داود وابن حبان (٢٠٧٠) من طريق شعبة به. والبخارى (٦٠٨٠)، وابن حبان (٢٣٠٩) من طريق أنس بن سيرين به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٠).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٣٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٩)، وأ بو داود (٩٥٤)، والترمذى (٣٧٤)، والنسائى (١٦٤٧). وسيأتى فى (٤٦٥١).","vol":"4","page":447},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-809>بابُ مَن وقَعَ فى عَينَيه الماءُ</span>\n\n٣٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ الرَّبيع المَكِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرٍو قال: لما وقَعَ فى عَينَىِ ابنِ عباسٍ الماءُ أرادَ أن يُعالَجَ مِنه، فقيلَ له: تَمكُثُ كَذا وكَذا يَومًا لا تُصَلِّى إلا مُضطَجِعًا. فكَرِهَه.\n\n٣٧٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ لما سَقَطَ فى عَينَيه الماءُ أرادَ أن يُخرِجَه مِن عَينَيه، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تَستَلقِى سَبعَةَ أيّامٍ لا تُصَلِّى إلا مُستَلقيًا. قال: فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وقالَ: إنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّه مَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ وهو يَستَطيعُ أن يُصَلِّىَ لَقِىَ اللَّهَ تعالَى وهو عليه غَضبانُ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٣١/ ١١٢)، والبخارى (١١١٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٣٥٦)، ومن طريقه اللالكائى فى شرح أصول الاعتقاد (١٥٣٥) من طريق شريك به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٧: إسناده حسن.","vol":"4","page":448},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، أنَّ عبدَ المَلِكِ أو غَيرَه بَعَثَ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ بالأطِبّاءِ على البُرُدِ وقَد وقَعَ الماءُ فى عَينَيه، فقالوا: تُصَلِّى سَبعَةَ أيّامِ مُستَلقيًا على قَفاكَ، فسأَلَ أُمَّ سلمةَ وعائشَةَ عن ذَلِكَ فنَهَتاه (^١).\nوعَن سُفيانَ عن الأعمَشِ عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: أرأَيتَ إن كان الأجَلُ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢)؟\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-810>بابُ الوُقوفِ عندَ آيَةِ الرَّحمَةِ وآيَةِ العَذابِ وآيَةِ التَّسبيحِ</span>\n\n٣٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقاقُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرٌ الفِريابِىُّ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن المُستَورِدِ بنِ الأحنَفِ، عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: صلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فافتَتَحَ \"البَقَرَةَ\" فقُلتُ: يُصَلِّى بها فى رَكعَةٍ. ثم مَضَى فقُلتُ: يَركَعُ بها. ثم افتَتَحَ \"النِّساءَ\" فقَرأَها، ثم افتَتَحَ \"آلَ عِمرانَ \" فقَرأَها، يَقرأُ مُتَرَسِّلًا، إذا مَرَّ بآيَةٍ فيها تَسبيحٌ سَبَّحَ، وإِذا مَرَّ بسُؤالٍ سألَ، وإِذا مَرَّ بتَعَوُّذٍ تَعَوَّذَ، ثم رَكَعَ فقالَ: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ العَظيمِ\". فكانَ رُكوعُه نَحوًا مِن قيامِه، ثم قال: \"سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ثم قامَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"فنهيناه\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٤١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٤٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"4","page":449},{"text":"قَريبًا ممّا رَكَعَ، ثم سَجَدَ فقالَ: \"سُبحان رَبِّىَ الأعلَى\". فكانَ سُجودُه قَريبًا مِن قيامِهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قال: قُلتُ لِسُلَيمانَ يَعنِى الأعمَشَ: أدعو فى الصَّلاةِ إذا مَرَرتُ بآيَةِ تَخَوُّفٍ (^٣)؟ فحَدَّثَنِى عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن مُستَورِدٍ، عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فكانَ يقولُ فى رُكوعِه: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ العَظيمِ\". وفى سُجودِه: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى\". وما مَرَّ بآيَةِ رَحمَةٍ إلا وقَفَ عندَها فسأَلَ، ولا بآيَةِ عَذابٍ إلا وقَفَ عندَها فتَعَوَّذَ (^٤).\n\n٣٧٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أيُّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الحارِثِ بنِ يَزيدَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن زيادِ بنِ نُعَيمٍ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٦١)، والنسائى (١٠٤٥)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٢، ٦٦٠، ٦٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٣٣٦٧)، والنسائى (١٦٦٣)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٧) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٧٢/ ٢٠٣).\n(^٣) تخوف: مصدَرٌ من التفعُّل، أى: بآية مُخوِّفة. عون المعبود ١/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٢)، وأبو داود (٨٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٤٠)، والترمذى (٢٦٢، ٢٦٣)، والنسائى (١٠٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٣، ٦٠٣) من طريق شعبة به. ومسلم (٢٧٢)، والنسائى (١٠٠٨، ١١٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٦٨٤)، وابن حبان (٢٦٠٩) من طريق الأعمش به، وعند بعضهم مختصر.","vol":"4","page":450},{"text":"الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ مِخراقٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: إنَّ رِجالًا يَقرأُ أحَدُهُمُ القُرآنَ فى اللَّيلَةِ مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا. فقالَت: أولَئكَ قَرَءوا ولَم يَقرَءوا، كُنتُ أقومُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى اللَّيلِ التّامِّ فيَقرأُ بـ \"البَقَرَةِ\" و\"آلِ عِمرانَ\" و\"النِّساءِ\"، فإِذا مَرَّ بآيَةٍ فيها استِبشارٌ دَعا ورَغِبَ، وإِذا مَرَّ بآيَةٍ فيها تَخويفٌ دَعا واستَعاذَ (^١).\n\n٣٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: قُمتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَيلَةً، فقامَ فقَرأَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، لا يَمُرُّ بآيَةِ رَحمَةٍ إلا وقَفَ فسأَلَ، ولا يَمُرُّ بآيَةِ عَذابٍ إلا وقَفَ فتَعَوَّذَ. قال: ثم رَكَعَ بقَدرِ قيامِه يقولُ فى رُكوعِه: \"سُبحانَ ذِى الجَبَروتِ والمَلَكوتِ والكِبرياءِ والعَظَمَةِ\". ثم سَجَدَ بقَدرِ قيامِه، ثم قال فى سُجودِه مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثم قامَ فقَرأَ بـ \"آلِ عِمرانَ\"، ثم قرأَ سورَةً سورَةً (^٢).\n\n٣٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن ثابِتٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٠٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٠٩) من طريق الحارث بن يزيد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٨: إسناده صالح غريب.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٢٧٦)، والاعتقاد ص ٧٧، وأبو داود (٨٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٨٠)، والنسائى (١٠٤٨، ١١٣١) من طريق معاوية به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٠٠).","vol":"4","page":451},{"text":"البُنانِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى تَطَوُّعًا، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ النَّارِ، ويلٌ لأهلِ النّارِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا قرأَ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ [الأعلى: ١] قال: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّى الأعلَى\" (^٢).\nقالَ أبو داودَ: خولِفَ وكيعٌ فى هذا الحديثِ؛ رواه أبو وكيعٍ وشُعبَةُ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا.\n\n٣٧٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنْ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشةَ قال: كان رجلٌ يُصَلِّى فوقَ بَيتِه، فكانَ إذا قرأَ ﴿أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَدِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى﴾ [القيامة: ٤٠]. قال: سُبحانَكَ فبَلَى. فسأَلوه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٣٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ حدَّثَنى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٥٥)، وأبو داود (٨٨١)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٢) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى عن ثابت به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٤٩: هكذا رواه الجماعة عن ابن أبى ليلى، ورواه المطلب بن زياد عنه فقال: عن عدى بن ثابت عن أبى ليلى. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٨٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٦) عن وكيع به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٨٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٨٤)، وينظر نتائج الأفكار ٢/ ٤٨، ٤٩. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٨٦).","vol":"4","page":452},{"text":"أعرابيًّا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قرأ مِنكُم بالتّينِ والزَّيتونِ فانتَهَى إلى آخِرِها: ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ﴾ [التين: ٨]. فليَقُل: وأنا على ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشّاهِدينَ. ومَن قرأ: ﴿لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ فانتهى إلى: ﴿أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى﴾ [القيامة: ٤٠]. فليَقُل: بَلَى. ومَن قرأ: ﴿وَالْمُرْسَلَتِ﴾. فبَلَغَ: ﴿فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [المرسلات: ٥٠]. فليَقُلْ: آمَنّا باللَّهِ\". قال إسماعيلُ: ذَهَبتُ أُعيدُ على الرَّجُلِ الأعرابِىِّ وأنظُرُ لعلَّه (^١)، قال: يا ابنَ أخِى أتَظُنُّ أنِّى لم أحفَظْه؟! لَقَد حَجَجتُ سِتّينَ حَجَّةً ما مِنها حَجَّة إلا وأنا أعرِفُ البَعيرَ الذي حَجَجتُ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عليًّا يَقرأُ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. فقالَ: سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى (^٣).\n\n٣٧٤٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا موسَى يَقرأُ فى الجُمُعَةِ بـ ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. فقالَ: سُبحانَ رَبِّىَ الأعلَى. و﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أى: لعل الأعرابى وهم. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٤/ ١٠٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٩١)، والترمذى مختصرًا (٣٣٤٧) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث إنما يروى بهذا الإسناد عن هذا الأعرابى عن أبى هريرة ولا يسمى.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٧٢٣) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (٤٠٤٩) عن الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٧٢١) من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"4","page":453},{"text":"٣٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الأستاذُ أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه البُوشَنْجِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن بشرِ (^١) بنِ جابانَ الصَّغَانِىِّ، عن حُجرِ بنِ قَيسٍ المَدَرِىِّ قال: بتُّ عندَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، فسَمِعتُه وهو يُصَلِّى مِنَ الليل يَقرأُ، فمَرَّ بهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تُمْنُونَ (٥٨) أَأَنْتُمْ تَخْلُقُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْخَالِقُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٥٨، ٥٩] قال: بَل أنتَ يا رَبِّ. ثَلاثًا، ثم قرأ: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ (٦٣) أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٦٣، ٦٤]. قال: بَل أنتَ يا رَبِّ. ثلاثًا (^٢)، ثم قرأ: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ (٦٨) أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٦٨، ٦٩]: بَل أنتَ يا رَبِّ. ثَلاثًا، ثم قرأ: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ (٧١) أَأَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِئُونَ﴾ [الواقعة: ٧١، ٧٢]. قال: بَل أنتَ يا رَبِّ. ثَلاثًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-811>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن وُقوفَ المَرأةِ بجَنبِ الرَّجُلِ لا يُفسِدُ عليه صَلاتَه</span>\n\n٣٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"بشير\". وقد جاء عند المصنف فى الشعب كما سيأتى فى التخريج كما وقع هنا: \"بشر\". وفى مصدرى التخريج: \"شداد\". وكذا ترجم له البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٢٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٣١ وذكرا روايته عن حجر المدرى، ورواية معمر عنه.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٣٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧٧، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وعبد الرزاق (٤٠٥٣).","vol":"4","page":454},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه مِن اللَّيلِ وأنا مُعتَرِضَة بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ كاعتِراضِ الجِنازَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا مِنجابُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّه ذُكِرَ عندَها ما يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ، فقالوا: يَقطَعُها الكَلبُ والحِمارُ والمَرأةُ. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: قَد جَعَلتُمونا كِلابًا! لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى وإِنِّى لَبَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، وأنا مُضطَجِعةٌ عَلَى السريرِ، فيَكونُ لِيَ الحاجَةُ فأكرَهُ أن أستَقبِلَه فأنسَلُّ انسِلالًا (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ الخَليلِ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٣٧٤٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينىُّ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى وهو حامِلٌ أُمامَةَ بنتَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٥٣٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٦٧)، والبخارى (٣٨٣، ٥١٥). وتقدم فى الموضع السابق.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٥٣٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥١١)، ومسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٧٠).","vol":"4","page":455},{"text":"زَينَبَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولأبِى العاصِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ، فإِذا سَجَدَ وضَعَها، وإِذا قامَ حَمَلَها (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ كما تقدَّم ذِكرُه (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ مُحتَجٌّ بما رُوِى فى ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ، والرِّوايَةُ عندَنا عن عمرَ كما:\n\n٣٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى العَلاءِ بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن غُضَيفِ بنِ الحارِثِ الكِندِىِّ قال: سألتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: قُلتُ: إنّا نَبدو فنَكونُ فى الأبنيَةِ، فإِن خَرَجتُ قُرِرتُ (^٣)، وإِن خَرَجَتِ امرأتِى قُرَّت؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: اقطَعْ بَينَكَ وبَينَها ثَوبًا، ثم ليُصَلِّ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنكُما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٤٦٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٤٣/ ٤١)، والبخارى (٥١٦).\n(^٣) قُرَّ الرجلُ، بالضم: أصابه القُر، أى البرد. ينظر التاج ١٣/ ٣٨٨ (ق ر ر).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٣٩١) عن سفيان الثورى به. ومسدد، كما فى المطالب العالية (٣٨٠) من طريق برد بن سنان به.","vol":"4","page":456},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-812>جِماعُ أبوابِ سُجودِ التِّلاوَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-813>بابُ سُجودِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- مَتَى ما مَرَّ بآيَةِ سَجدَةٍ </span>(^١)\n\n٣٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ هو المَنيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ قال: أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كان يَقرأُ القُرآنَ فيَقرأُ السّورَةَ فيها سَجدَةٌ فيَسجُدُ، ونَسجُدُ معه حَتَّى ما يَجِدُ بَعضنا مَوضِعًا لمكانِ جَبهَتِهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى خَيثَمَةَ، وفى حَديثِ الآخَرَينِ: يَقرأُ عَلَينا القُرآنَ. وقالا: حَتَّى لا يَجِدَ أحَدُنا مَوضِعًا لجبينِهِ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِهِما (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-814>بابُ فضلِ سُجودِ التِّلاوَةِ</span>\n\n٣٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"سجد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٦٩)، والبخارى (١٠٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٥٧) من طريق يحيى القطان به. وابن خزيمة (٥٥٨)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وسيأتى فى (٣٨٢٢)، ولفظ: \"لجبينه\". عند ابن خزيمة.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٧٥)، ومسلم (٥٧٥/ ١٠٣).","vol":"4","page":457},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قرأ ابنُ آدَمَ السَّجدَةَ فسَجَدَ اعتَزَلَ الشَّيطانُ يبكِى يقولُ: يا ويلَه! أُمِرَ ابنُ آدَمَ بالسُّجودِ فسَجَدَ فلَه الجَنَّةُ، وأُمِرتُ بالسجودِ فأبَيتُ فلِىَ النّارُ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-815>بابُ مَن قال: فى القُرآنِ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً لَيسَ فى المُفَصَّلِ مِنها شَئٌ</span>\nحَكاه الشافعىُّ ﵀ عن مالِكٍ (^٣). ورواه عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وابنِ عباسٍ، ورواه غَيرُه أيضًا عن ابنِ عمرَ وأَبِى الدَّرداءِ.\n\n٣٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا أبو قُدامَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ أبو قُدامَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَراقِ أو رجلٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: لم يَسجُدْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢٧٥٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٩٧١٣)، ومسلم (٨١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨١/ ١٣٣).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٤٥، ١٤٦.","vol":"4","page":458},{"text":"فى شَئٍ مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ بَعدَما تَحَوَّلَ إلى المَدينَةِ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رواه محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ عن أزهَرَ بنِ القاسِمِ عن الحارِثِ عن مَطَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٥٤ - ورواه بَكرُ بنُ خَلَفٍ خَتَنُ المُقرِئِ عن أزهَرَ، وقالَ فى مَتنِه: إنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فى \"النَّجمِ\" وهو بمَكَّةَ، فلَمّا هاجَرَ إلى المَدينَةِ تَرَكَها. أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ خَلَفٍ خَتَنُ المُقرِئِ. فذكَره ولَم يَشُكَّ فى إسنادِهِ (^٣).\nوهَذا الحَديثُ يَدورُ على الحارِثِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ أبى قُدامَةَ الإيادِىِّ البَصرِىِّ (^٤)، وقَد ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٥)، وحَدَّثَ عنه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، وقالَ: كان مِن شيوخِنا وما رأَيتُ إلا خَيرًا (^٦). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوالمَحفوظُ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما:\n\n٣٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٨١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٠) من طريق محمد به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٠٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٣٥٩٨) من طريق بكر به.\n(^٤) هو الحارث بن عبيد أبو قدامة الإيادى البصرى مؤذن مسجد البرتى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٢/ ٢٧٥، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٨١، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٥٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٤٩، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٤٢: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٩٣.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٧٥، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٨١.","vol":"4","page":459},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسدَّد، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، [عن أيُّوبَ] (^١)، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قرأَ بـ \"النَّجمِ\"، فسَجَدَ معه المُسلِمونَ والمُشرِكونَ والجِنُّ والإِنسُ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ولَيسَ فيه الزّيادَةُ الَّتِى أتَى بها أزهَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن الحارِثِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٣).\nوفيما رَوَى الشافعىُّ فى القَديمِ بإِسنادِه عن مُجاهِدٍ وعَنِ الحسنِ البصرِىِّ عن النبىَّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا بمَعنَى هَذِه الزّيادَةِ.\n\n٣٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قَرأتُ عندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"والنَّجمِ\" فلَم يَسجُدْ فيها (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ (^٥).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إنَّما لم يَسجُدْ لأنَّ زَيدًا لم يَسجُدْ، وكانَ هو القارِئَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٤٨٦٢)، والترمذى (٥٧٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٧١).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٦١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٩١)، والترمذى (٥٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٢، ٢٧٦٩) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٧٣)، ومسلم (٥٧٧).","vol":"4","page":460},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سَهلٍ المُطَرِّزُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ فائدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن المَهدِىِّ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثتنِى عَمَّتِى أُمُّ الدَّرداءِ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: سَجَدتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- إحدَى عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً لَيسَ فيها مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ شَئٌ، \"الأعرافُ\"، و\"الرَّعدُ\"، و\"النَّحلُ\"، و\"بنى إسرائيلَ\"، و\"مَريَمُ\"، و\"الحَجُّ\" سَجدَةً، و\"الفُرقانُ\"، وسُلَيمانُ بسُورَةِ (^١) \"النَّملِ\"، و\"السَّجدَةُ\"، و\"ص\"، وسَجدَةُ الحَواميمِ (^٢). كَذا رُوِى بهَذا الإِسنادِ.\n\n٣٧٥٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عمرُو ابنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عمَّن أخبرَه، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ، أنَّه سَجَدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً مِنهُنَّ النَّجمُ (^٣).\nورواه سُفيان بنُ وكيعٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو، عن (^٤) سعيدٍ، عن عمرَ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"وسورة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٥٦) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٢: هذا خبر منكر، وعثمان وهاه ابن عدى. وكذا ضعفه البوصيرى فى الزوائد.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٦٦).\n(^٤) فى س: \"بن\".\n(^٥) فى م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣١٣.","vol":"4","page":461},{"text":"الدِّمَشقِىِّ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ (^١)\nورواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن عمرَ (^٢) وهو ابنُ حَيانَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مُخبِرًا يُخبِرُ عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ عن أبى الدَّرداءِ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ قال: رُوِى عن أبى الدَّرداءِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: إحدَى عَشرَةَ سَجدَةً. وإِسنادُه واهٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوّينا عن أبى الدَّرداءِ أنَّه سَجَدَ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n٣٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ الرَّفّاءُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن العُريانِ أو أبى العُريانِ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: لَيسَ فى المُفَصَّلِ سَجدَةٌ. قال: فلَقِيتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ فذَكَرتُ له ما قال ابنُ عباسٍ، قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والمُؤمِنونَ والمُشرِكونَ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٥٦٨) عن سفيان بن وكيع به. وأحمد (٢١٦٩٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠٥٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف الترمذى (٨٧).\n(^٢) فى م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٥٦٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب حديث (١٤٠١).\n(^٥) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٣٧٩٠، ٣٧٩١).","vol":"4","page":462},{"text":"\"النَّجمِ\" فلَم [نَزَلْ نَسْجُدُ] (^١) بَعدُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-816>بابُ مَن قال: فى القُرآنِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً مِنها ثَلاثٌ فى المُفَصَّلِ</span>\n\n٣٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أخبرَنِى الحارِثُ بنُ سعيدٍ العُتَقِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مُنَينٍ مِن بنى عبدِ كُلالٍ، عن (^٣) عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أقرأَه خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً فى القُرآنِ، مِنها ثَلاثٌ (^٤) فى المُفَصَّلِ وسورَةُ \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-817>بابُ سَجدَةِ \"النَّجم</span>\"\n\n٣٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحسنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو عمرَ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"يزل يسجد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٣٩٧) من طريق زهير به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٢: العريان لا يعرف.\n(^٣) بعدها فى س: \"ابن\".\n(^٤) بعدها فى س: \"عشرة\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٠٧)، وفى الصغرى (٨٩٤)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥٢٧. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٠١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٥٧) من طريق سعيد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٣٧٥: عبد اللَّه بن منين مجهول.","vol":"4","page":463},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنه قرأَ سورَةَ \"النَّجمِ\" فسَجَدَ، وما بَقِىَ أحَدٌ مِنَ القَومِ إلا سَجَدَ، إلا رجلٌ رَفَعَ كَفًّا مِن حَصباءَ، فوَضَعَه على جَبهَتِه وقالَ: يَكفينِى هَذا. قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: لَقَد رأَيتُه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ قُتِلَ كافِرًا (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عمرَ حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فيها يَعنِى: \"والنَّجمِ\". وسَجَدَ فيها المُسلِمونَ والمُشرِكونَ والجِنُّ والإِنسُ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٤).\n\n٣٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٠٦) عن حفص بن عمر به. وأحمد (٣٨٠٥)، والبخارى (٣٨٥٣، ٣٩٧٢)، والنسائى (٩٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٥٥٣)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٤) من طريق شعبة به، وعند بعضهم مختصر. وسيأتى فى (٣٨٢١).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٧٠)، ومسلم (٥٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٥٧٥) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٧١، ٤٨٦٢).","vol":"4","page":464},{"text":"المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبى وداعَةَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فى \"النَّجمِ\"، وسَجَدَ النّاسُ معه. قال المُطَّلِبُ: ولَم أسجُدْ، هو يَومَئذٍ كافِرٌ. قال المُطَّلِبُ: فلا أدَعُ السُّجودَ فيها أبَدًا (^١).\n\n٣٧٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا رَباحٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبى وداعَةَ السَّهمِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ سورَةَ \"النَّجمِ\" فسَجَدَ وسَجَدَ مَن عِندَه، فرَفَعتُ رأسِى وأَبَيتُ أن أسجُدَ. ولَم يكنْ أسلَمَ يَومَئذٍ المُطَّلِبُ، فكانَ بَعدُ لا يَسمَعُ أحَدًا قَرأَها إلا سَجَدَ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ (^٣) الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قرأَ لَهُم: ﴿وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى﴾ فسَجَدَ فيها، ثم قامَ فقَرأَ سورَةً أُخرَى (^٤).\n\n٣٧٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥٨٨١)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٤٦٤).\n(^٢) أحمد (١٥٤٦٥)، ومن طريقه النسائى (٩٥٧). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٣: إسناده حسن.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بن\"، وهو عبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٤٦٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٨٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٥٦ من طريق مالك به. وقد اختلف فيه على مالك. ينظر علل الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٤. وسيأتى فى (٣٨١٧) من طريق ابن وهب عن يونس بن يزيد.","vol":"4","page":465},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن علىٍّ قال: عَزائمُ السُّجُود فى القُرآنِ أربَعٌ: ﴿الم (١) تَنزيلُ﴾، و\"حم السَّجدَةُ\"، و\"النَّجمِ\"، و: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾ (^١).\nقال يَعلَى: وحَدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا نَصرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى سَورَةَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ حَكّامٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنه قال: عَزائمُ السُّجودِ أربَعٌ: ﴿الم (١) تَنزيلُ﴾، و\"حم السَّجدَةُ\"، و﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾، و\"النَّجمِ\" (^٣).\nهَكَذا رواه الجَماعَةُ عن شُعبَةَ، ويُذكَرُ عن هُشَيمٍ عن شُعبَةَ نَحوُ رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٢٩، وقال الذهبى: صحيح. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٦٣) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٦٣) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٢٨٣٧) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. ويعقوب بن شيبة كما فى التمهيد ١٠/ ٣٢٢ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":466},{"text":"٣٧٦٨ - أخبرَناه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَبّاسُ ابنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرٍّ، عن علىٍّ قال: عَزائمُ السُّجودِ أربَعٌ: ﴿الم (١) تَنزِيلُ﴾، و\"حم السَّجدَةُ (^١) \"، و\"النَّجمُ\"، و﴿اقْرَأْ بأسمِ رَبِكَ﴾ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-818>بابُ سَجدَةِ: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾</span>\n\n٣٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قرأَ لَهُم: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. فسَجَدَ فيها، فلمَّا انصَرَفَ أخبرَهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فيها (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٣٧٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"تنزيل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر (٢٧٦٢) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) الشافعى فى الأم ١/ ١٣٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٠٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣١٤)، والنسائى (٩٦٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٧٨/ ١٠٧).","vol":"4","page":467},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بكرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ هو ابنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن أبى سلَمةَ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قرأَ: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. فسَجَدَ فيها، فقُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ [ألَم أرَكَ] (^١) سَجَدتَ؟! فقالَ: لَو لم أرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ ما سَجَدتُ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٣).\n\n٣٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرِامِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا المُعتَمِرُ يَعنِى ابنَ سليمانَ التَّيمِىَّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى قال: حدَّثَنا بَكرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنِىَّ، عن أبى رافع قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- العَتَمَةَ، فقَرأَ: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. فسَجَدَ، قُلتُ: ما هَذِه السَّجدَةُ؟ قال: سَجَدتُ بها خَلفَ أبى القاسِمِ -ﷺ- فلا أزالُ أسجُدُ بها حَتَّى ألقاه (^٤). رواه\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"إنى أراك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠٧) من طريق هشام به. والنسائى (٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦١) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٧٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٨/ ١٠٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٤٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٤٠)، والبخارى (٧٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦١) من طريق معتمر به. والبخارى (٧٦٨)، والنسائى (٩٦٧) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.","vol":"4","page":468},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ وغَيرِه عن مُعتَمِرٍ (^١).\n\n٣٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رافِعٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه سَجَدَ فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. وقالَ: رأَيتُ خَليلِى -ﷺ- يَسجُدُ فيها، فلا أزالُ أسجُدُ فيها حَتَّى ألقاه (^٢).\n\n٣٧٧٣ - أَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يَسجُدُ فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. قُلتُ: تَسجُدُ فيها؟ فذكَره، وفِى آخِرِه: وقالَ شُعبَةُ: قُلتُ: النبىَّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشارٍ وغَيرِه عن غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٣٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ وشُعبَةُ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٠٧٨)، ومسلم (٥٧٨/ ١١٠).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٥٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩١٥) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٧٨/ ١١١).","vol":"4","page":469},{"text":"وشَريكٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قالَ: رأَيتُ عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ قرأَ: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. على المِنبَرِ فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-819>بابُ سَجدَةِ: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾</span>\n\n٣٧٧٥ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ مِيناءَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَجَدنا مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾، وفى: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه فى سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٣٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ. قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٢٨٤) عن سفيان الثورى به. وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٤٣/ ٤٤١ من طريق شريك به. وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٧٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٠٩٥)، وأبو جعفر الرزاز (٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٤٠٧)، والترمذى (٥٧٣)، والنسائى (٩٦٦)، وابن ماجه (١٠٥٨)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٨/ ١٠٨).","vol":"4","page":470},{"text":"صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ مَولَى بني مَخزومٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سَجَدَ رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. و: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٧٧ - ورواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَجَدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. و: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾. سَجدَتَينِ. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ. فذكَره (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (٢).\n\n٣٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا قُرَّةُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَجَدَ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. و: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾، ومَن هو خَيرٌ مِنهُما (^٤).\nورُوّينا السُّجودَ فى: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ﴾ عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٠٣٢)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٩٩١)، والقطيعى فى جزء الألف دينار (٨٥)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١٠/ ٣٢٠ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٨/ ١٠٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٩٥٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٦٢١). وأخرجه النسائى (٩٦٤، ٩٦٥) من طريق قرة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٩٢٤، ٩٢٥).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٣٧٦٦، ٣٧٦٧).","vol":"4","page":471},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-820>بابُ سَجدَتَى سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ</span>\"\n\n٣٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُنَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أقرأَه خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سَجدَةً فى القُرآنِ، مِنها ثَلاثٌ فى المُفَصَّلِ، وفى سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٣٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وغَيرُه قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن مِشرَحِ بنِ هاعانَ أبى المُصعَبِ حدَّثه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، حدَّثه قالَ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه فى سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتانِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ومَن لم يَسجُدْهُما فلا يَقرأْهُما\" (^٢).\nرواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الكِبارِ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٣، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٧٦٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٠، وابن وهب فى موطئه (٣٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٦٤)، والترمذى (٥٧٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به، وقال الترمذى: ليس إسناده بذاك القوى.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٠٧ (٨٤٧)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠٨ من طريق عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٥ عن ابن لهيعة: وفيه ضعف.","vol":"4","page":472},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه أبو داودَ مَعَ الحديثِ الأوَّلِ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^١).\n\n٣٧٨١ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحِ، عن عامِرِ بنِ جَشِيبٍ (^٢)، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"فُضِّلَت سورَةُ \"الحَجِّ\" على القُرآنِ بسَجدَتَينِ\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ الفَسَوِىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه هَذا. قال أبو داودَ: وقَد أُسنِدَ هذا ولا يَصِحُّ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃-:\n\n٣٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ، أنَّه صَلى مَعَ عمرَ -﵁- الصُّبحَ فسَجَدَ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n٣٧٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٠٢). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٠٣).\n(^٢) فى س: \"حسيب\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ١٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ١٤.\n(^٣) فى م: \"النسوى\".\n(^٤) المراسيل (٧٨).\n(^٥) المصنف فى بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٠١، ١٠٢، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٦٢، والدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠٨ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":473},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أخبرَنِى رجلٌ مِن أهلِ مِصرَ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- الفَجرَ بالجابيَةِ، فقَرأ السّورة الَّتِى يُذكَرُ فيها الحَجُّ، فسَجَدَ فيها سَجدَتَينِ. قال نافِعٌ: فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: إنَّ هَذِه السُّورة فُضِّلَت بأَنَّ فيها سَجدَتَينِ. وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَسجُدُ فيها سَجدَتَينِ (^١).\nوهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ عن عمرَ وإِن كانَت عن نافِعٍ فى مَعنَى المُرسَلِ؛ لِتَرْكِ نافِعٍ تَسميةَ المِصرِىِّ الذي حدَّثه، فالروايَةُ الأولَى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ صُعَيرٍ عن عمرَ رِوايَةٌ صَحيحَةٌ مَوصولَةٌ، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ مَوصولَةٌ:\n\n٣٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ -﵄- أنَّه سَجَدَ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يَسجُدُ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ:\n\n٣٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافعى حِكايَةً عن هُشَيمٍ، عن أبى عبدِ اللَّه الجُعفِىِّ، عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: إنَّه كان يَسجُدُ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٠٣)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦١/ ٤٤٨.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٠٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٣١٨) عن هشيم به. وقال الذهبى فى =","vol":"4","page":474},{"text":"٣٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ ابنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، أنَّهُما كانا يَسجُدانِ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٣٧٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ مُحرِزٍ، أنَّ أبا موسَى سَجَدَ فى سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ، وأَنَّه قرأَ آيَةَ السَّجدَةِ الَّتِى فى آخِرِ سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" فسَجَدَ وسَجَدْنا مَعَه (^١).\n\n٣٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: فى سورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتانِ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: فُضِّلَت سورَةُ \"الحَجِّ\"\n_________\n= المهذب ٢/ ٧٥٥: الجعفى هو جابر الضعيف.\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩١، وصححه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٠٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٣١٧) عن حفص به.","vol":"4","page":475},{"text":"بسَجدَتَينِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ (^١).\n\n٣٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعود، حدَّثَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ، أنَّه كان يَسجُدُ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ ابنِ الحسينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ (^٣) بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ ابنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ جُبَيرِ ابنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ كان يَسجُدُ فى \"الحَجِّ\" سَجدَتَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-821>بابُ سَجدَةِ \"ص</span>\"\n\n٣٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٩٤) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٦٢ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"محمود\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٦١٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٣١٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٦٢، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٩١، وصححه من طريق شعبة به. وليس عند الحاكم: \"عن أبيه\".","vol":"4","page":476},{"text":"يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن السُّجودِ فى \"ص\"، فقالَ: لَيسَ مِن عَزائمِ السُّجودِ، وقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسجُدُ فيها (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٧٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"المستدرك\"، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ بمِصرَ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"ص\" وهو على المِنبَرِ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ السَّجدَةَ نَزَلَ فسَجَدَ وسَجَدَ النّاسُ معه، فلَمّا كان يَومًا آخَرَ قَرأَها، فلَمّا بَلَغَ السَّجدَةَ تَهَيّأَ النّاسُ لِلسُّجودِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما هِىَ تَوبَةُ نَبِىٍّ، ولَكِن رأيتُكُم تَهَيّأتُم لِلسُّجودِ\". فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَ وسَجَدوا (^٤). هذا حَديثٌ حَسَنُ الإسناد صَحيحٌ أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٨٧)، والبخارى (٣٤٢٢)، وأبو داود (١٤٠٩)، والترمذى (٥٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٥٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٦٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"ثنا نصر\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٣١، ٤٣٢، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وابن وهب (٣١٥) مختصرًا. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٥٥، ١٧٩٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبى هلال به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٤١٠).","vol":"4","page":477},{"text":"٣٧٩٤ - وفيما رَوَى الشافعىُّ فى القَديمِ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ عن أبيه قال: قال: رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَجَدَها داوُدُ ﵇ لِتَوبَةٍ، ونَسجُدُها نَحنُ شُكرًا\". يَعنِى: \"ص\". أخبرَناه الإمامُ الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ المُقرِئِ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ. فذكَره (^١). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن أوجُهٍ عن عمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ عن أبيه عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولًا (^٢)، ولَيسَ بقَوِىٍّ.\n\n٣٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعود فى \"ص\": تَوبَةُ نَبِىٍّ ذُكِرَت.\nقال: وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ألَيسَ قَد قال اللَّه تعالَى: ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٠] (^٣)؟\n\n٣٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّىُّ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنَّه كان لا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١١٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٧٠) من طريق عمر بن ذر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٩٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٩٠، ٤٢٩٧) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"4","page":478},{"text":"يَسجُدُ فى \"ص\"، ويَقولُ: إنَّما هِىَ تَوبَةُ نَبِىٍّ (^١)\n\n٣٧٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سَعِيدُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عَبدَةَ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ، عن زِرٍّ هو ابنُ حُبَيشٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّه كان لا يَسجُدُ فى \"ص\" (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- أنَّهُم كانوا يَسجُدونَ فى \"ص\":\n\n٣٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عِكرِمَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، أنَّ سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِع ابنَ عباسٍ -﵁- يقولُ: رأَيتُ عمرَ -﵁- قرأَ على المِنبَرِ \"ص\" فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَ، ثم رَقِىَ على المِنبَرِ (^٣).\n\n٣٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ -﵁- قرأَ \"ص\" على المِنبَرِ فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٧٢٠) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وأخرجه أيضًا (٨٧١٩) من طريق حماد به. وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٩٦) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٧٢١) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. والشافعى ٧/ ١٨٨ عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠٧.","vol":"4","page":479},{"text":"سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن السُّجُود فى \"ص\"، فقالَ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ﴾ (^١).\n\n٣٨٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبى (^٢) الحسنِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا بُندارٌ، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن العَوّامِ قال: سأَلتُ مُجاهِدًا عن السَّجدَةِ فى \"ص\"، فقالَ: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵁- فقالَ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ﴾. وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يَسجُدُ فيها (^٣). رواه البخارى فى \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٨٠٢ - وزادَ فيه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، عن العَوّامِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: فكانَ داودُ مِمَّن أُمِرَ نَبيُّكُم -ﷺ- أن يَقتَدِىَ بهِ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٨٠٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطنافِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرنى (١١٠٣٦) عن أبى مسلم به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٦٢، والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٨٥ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٢٣٥ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٨٠٦).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٠٩). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٦١ من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"4","page":480},{"text":"فذكَره بزيادَتِهِما دونَ فِعلِ ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ بزيادَتِهِما (^٢).\n\n٣٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ البَختَرِىِّ الحِنّائىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا خُصَيفٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قال لِىَ ابنُ عمرَ: أتَسجُدُ فى \"ص\"؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: فقالَ لى: اسجُدْ فيها؛ فإِنَّ اللَّه تعالَى يقولُ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ﴾. كَذا قال ابنُ عُمَرَ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: فى \"ص\" سَجدَةٌ (^٤).\n\n٣٨٠٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: رأَيتُ فى المَنامِ كأَنِّى أقرأُ سورَةَ \"ص\"، فلَمّا أتَيتُ على السَّجدَةِ سَجَدَ كُلُّ شَئٍ رأَيتُ؛ الدَّواةُ، والقَلَمُ، واللَّوحُ، فغَدَوتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرتُه، فأَمَرَ بالسُّجودِ فيها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٨٨)، والبخارى (٣٤٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٥٢)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٦) من طريق العوام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٨٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٢٣٧ من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٨٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٨٢).\n(^٥) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٢٠. وأخرجه فى المعرفة (١١١٣) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١١/ ٣٠٤، ٣٠٥.","vol":"4","page":481},{"text":"٣٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ خُنَيسٍ، عن الحسنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى يَزيدَ قال: قال لِىَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: يا حَسَنُ حدَّثَنى جَدُّكَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رجل إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ رأَيتُ البارِحَةَ فيما يَرَى النّائمُ أنِّى أُصلَّى خَلفَ شَجَرَةٍ فقَرأتُ \"ص\"، فلَمّا أتَيتُ على السَّجدَةِ سَجَدتُ، فسَجَدَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ بسُجودِى، فسَمِعتُها وهِىَ تَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اكتُبْ لِى بها عندَكَ ذِكرًا، واجعَلْ لى بها عندَكَ ذُخرًا، وأَعظِمْ لِى بها عندَكَ أجرًا. قالَ: فسَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قرأَ \"ص\"، فلَما أتَى على السَّجدةِ سَجَدَ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ فى سُجودِه ما أخبرَ الرَّجُلُ عن قَولِ الشَّجَرَةِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى بكرٍ، إلا أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: بسُجودِى.\n\n٣٨٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ البَزّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ خُنَيسٍ قالَ: حدَّثَنى حَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال فى الدُّعاءِ: اللَّهُمَّ اكتُبْ لِى بها عندكَ أجرًا، واجعَلْها لِى عندَكَ ذُخرًا، وضَعْ عَنِّى بها وِزرًا، واقبَلْها مِنِّى كما قَبِلتَ مِن عَبدِكَ داودَ. ولَم يَقُلْ: \"ص\" إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٣) من طريق محمد بن يزيد بن خنيس به، وعند ابن خزيمة الزيادة التى ستأتى فى الحديث التالى. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٨٦٥).","vol":"4","page":482},{"text":"قال: فرأَيتُ كأَنِّى قَرأتُ سَجدَةً فسَجَدتُ. وزادَ فى آخِرِه: قال محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ ابنِ خُنَيسٍ: كان الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ يُصَلِّى بنا فى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ فى شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، وكانَ يَقرأُ السَّجدَةَ فيَسجُدُ، فيُطيلُ السُّجودَ، فقيلَ له فى ذَلِكَ فيَقولُ: قال لِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى جَدُّكَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ أبى يَزيدَ بهَذا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-822>بابُ مَن لم يَرَ وُجوبَ سَجدَةِ التِّلاوَةِ</span>\n\n٣٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه أخبرَه، عن زَيدَ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قرأَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى﴾. فلَم يَسجُدْ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارى عن أبى الرَّبيعِ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٤) المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدعوات الكبير (٣٩٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٢١٩، ٢٢٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الترمذى (٥٧٩، ٣٤٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٢)، وابن حبان (٢٧٦٨) من طريق محمد بن يزيد بنحوه بدون آخره، وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٨: الحسن غير معروف.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٩٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥٦٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وتقدم فى (٣٧٥٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٧/ ١٠٦)، والبخارى (١٠٧٢).\n(^٤) فى م: \"عمر\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى ١/ ٢٥.","vol":"4","page":483},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن محمدِ [بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ] (^١) بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فى \"النَّجمِ\" وسَجَدَ النّاسُ معه إلا رجلَينِ أرادَا أن يُشهَرا (^٢).\nقال الشافعىُّ: والرَّجُلانِ لا يَدَعانِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ الفَرضَ، ولَو تَرَكاه أمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بإِعادَتِه، وأَمّا حَديثُ زَيدٍ فهوَ واللَّه أعلَمُ أنَّ زَيدًا لم يَسجُدْ وهو القارِئُ، فلَم يَسجُدِ النبىُّ -ﷺ-، ولَم يَكُنْ فرضًا فيأمُرَه النبىُّ -ﷺ- بهِ (^٣). واحتَجَّ بما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى فرضِ خَمسِ صَلَواتٍ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: هَل عَلَىَّ غَيرُها؟ قال: \"لا إلا أن تَطَوَّعَ\" (^٤).\n\n٣٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ الأذرَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ عثمانَ التَّيمِىَّ أخبرَه، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قرأَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ سورَةَ \"النَّحلِ\" حَتَّى إذا جاءَتِ السَّجدَةُ نَزَلَ فسَجَدَ وسَجَدَ النّاسُ، حَتَّى إذا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٥٩٦، ٥٩٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٣٤) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٥: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ١٣٦.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٧١٢، ٢٢٥٦) من حديث طلحة بن عبيد اللَّه، وفى (١٧١٣) من حديث عبادة بن الصامت.","vol":"4","page":484},{"text":"كانَتِ الجُمُعَةُ الثّانيَةُ قرأَ بها، حَتَّى إذا جاءَتِ السَّجدَةُ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنّا لم نُؤمَرْ بالسُّجودِ، فمَن سَجدَ فقَد أصابَ وأَحسَنَ، ومَن لم يَسجُدْ فلا إثمَ عَلَيهِ. قال: ولَم يَسجُدْ عُمَرُ. قال: وزادَ نافِعٌ: إنَّ رَبَّكَ لم يَفرِضْ عَلَينا السُّجودَ إلا أن نَشاءَ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ابنِ جُرَيج بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وزادَ نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عمرَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لم يَفرِضِ السُّجودَ إلا أن نَشاءَ (^٢).\n\n٣٨١١ - وشاهِدُه المُرسَلُ الذى أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قرأَ السَّجدةَ وهو على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَ وسَجَدوا معه، ثم قرأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى فتهيَّئوا لِلسُّجودِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: على رِسْلِكُم، إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لم يَكتُبْها عَلَينا إلا أن نَشاءَ. فقَرأَها ولَم يَسجُدْ، ومَنَعَهُم أن يَسجُدوا (^٣).\nقالَ البخارىُّ: وقيل لِعِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ: الرَّجُلُ يَسمَعُ السَّجدَةَ ولَم يَجلِسْ لَها؟ قال: أرأَيتَ لَو قَعَدَ لَها؟ كأَنَّه لا يوجِبُه عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الإسماعيلى، كما فى فتح البارى ٢/ ٥٥٩ من طريق حجاج بن محمد به، وقوله: عبد الرحمن بن عثمان. مقلوب. والصواب: عثمان بن عبد الرحمن. وهى رواية البخارى كما سيأتى.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٧٧). وفيه: \"عثمان بن عبد الرحمن\". وينظر التعليق السابق.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٢٠٦ برواية الليثى. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٥٤ من طريق مالك به.\n(^٤) البخارى قبل حديث (١٠٧٧).","vol":"4","page":485},{"text":"٣٨١٢ - وفى رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: سُئلَت عائشَةُ -﵄- عن سُجودِ القُرآنِ، فقالَت: حَقُّ اللَّهِ (^١) تُؤَدّيه، أو تَطَوُّعٌ تَطَوَّعُه، وما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَسجُدُ للَّهِ سَجدَة إلا رَفَعَه اللَّهُ بها دَرَجَةً، أو حَطَّ عنه بها خَطيئَةً، أو جَمَعَهُما له كِلتَيهِما. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-823>بابُ استِحبابِ السُّجودِ فى الصَّلاةِ مَتَى ما قَرأَ فيها آيَةَ السَّجدَةِ</span>\n\n٣٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ الطَّيِّبِ البَلخِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سليمانَ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبيهِ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا عمرو الناقِدُ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: صلَّيت مَعَ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- العَتَمَةَ، فقَرأَ ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. فسَجَدَ، فقُلتُ له: ما هَذِه السَّجدَةُ؟ فقالَ: سَجَدتُ بها مَعَ أبى القاسِمِ -ﷺ-، فلا أزالُ أسجُدُ بها حَتَّى ألقاه. قال عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ: العِشاءَ. وقالَ: فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: يا أبا هريرةَ -أو قُلتُ-\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية س: \"للَّه\"، وهو كذلك فى مصنف عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩١٥) عن محمد بن عمار وغير واحد عن عاصم به. وابن أبى شيبة (٤٦٦١) من طريق ابن سيرين به.","vol":"4","page":486},{"text":"ما هَذِهِ (^١)؟ قال: كذا (^٢) سَجَدَ به. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ كما تَقَدَّمَ (^٥).\n\n٣٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ -قال: ولَم أسمَعْه مِن أبى مجلَزٍ- عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ، فرآه أصحابُه أنَّه قرأَ: \"تَنزيلُ السَّجدَةِ\" (^٦).\n\n٣٨١٥ - أَخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّيالِسِىُّ أبو الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن أبيه، عن مَيَّةَ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ فى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ ثم قامَ، فيُرَوْنَ (^٧) أنَّه قرأَ سورَةً فيها سَجدَةٌ، كَذا قال: [مَيَّةُ. وقالَ] (^٨) غَيرُه: أُمَيَّةُ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س: \"السجدة\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٦٤٧٦)، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٧٧١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٧٨/ ١١٠) عن عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ وعمرو الناقد، وليس عن عمرو الناقد.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٧٨).\n(^٦) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٥٦)، وأبو داود (٨٠٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وليس عند أبى داود التصريح بأن سليمان لم يسمعه من أبى مجلز. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٢).\n(^٧) فى س: \"فيرونها\".\n(^٨) سقط من: س.","vol":"4","page":487},{"text":"٣٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن أبيه، عن رجلٍ يُقالُ له: أُمَيَّةُ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-824>بابُ السَّجدَةِ إذا كانَ فى آخِرِ السّورَةِ وكانَ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالَ: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى الأعرَجُ، عن أبى هريرةَ قالَ: رأَيتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطاب -﵁- سَجَدَ فى \"النَّجمِ\" فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، ثم استَفتَحَ بسورَةٍ أُخرَى (^٢).\n\n٣٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قالَ: إذا كانَتِ السَّجدَةُ فى آخِرِ السّورَةِ، فإِن شاءَ رَكَعَ، وإِن شاءَ سَجَدَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٢٢) عن الحاكم وحده به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٠٧) من طريق معتمر به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٥٩: أمية مجهول.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٣٧٢). وتقدم فى (٣٧٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩١٩) عن سفيان الثورى به. والطبرانى (٨٧١٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٦: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"4","page":488},{"text":"أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ فى الرَّجُلِ يَقرأُ السّورَةَ آخِرُها السَّجدَةُ قال: إن شاءَ رَكَعَ، وإِن شاءَ سَجَدَ ثم قامَ فقَرأَ ورَكَعَ وسَجَدَ (^١).\n\n٣٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مسلمٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ المُزَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: حدَّثَنى رجلانِ كِلاهُما خَيرٌ مِنِّى، إن لم يَكُنْ أظُنُّه قال: أبو بكرٍ أو عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵄-، فلا أدرِى مَن هوَ، أنَّ أحَدَهُما سَجَدَ فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾. وفى: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ إذا قرأَ \"النَّجمَ\" مَعَ القَومِ سَجَدَ وإِذا قَرأَها فى الصَّلاةِ، وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ إذا وصَلَ إلَيها قُرآنًا سَجَدَ، وإِذا لم يَصِلْ إلَيها قُرآنًا رَكَعَ، وكانَ عثمانُ بنُ عفانَ -﵁- إذا قَرأَها سَجَدَ، ثم يَقومُ فيَقرأُ بـ \"التّينِ والزَّيتونِ\" أو سورَةٍ تُشبِهُها. قال: وسَجَدَ بها النبىُّ -ﷺ-. وفِى حَديثِ البِرتِىِّ: إن لم يَكُنِ النبىُّ -ﷺ- أو عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الطحاوي كما فى مختصر اختلاف العلماء ١/ ٢٤٢ عن شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٥٨ من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه مختصرا بطرفه الأول. وانظر ما تقدم ٢/ ٣١٦.","vol":"4","page":489},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-825>بابُ سُجودِ القَومِ بسُجودِ القارِئِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى سُجودِه خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾ (^١)\n\n٣٨٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قرأَ سورَةَ \"النَّجمِ\" فسَجَدَ فيها، وما بَقِىَ أحَدٌ مِنَ القَومِ إلا سَجَدَ، فأَخَذَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ كَفًّا مِن حَصًى أو تُرابٍ فرَفَعَه إلى وجهِه وقالَ: يَكفينِي هَذا. قالَ عبدُ اللَّه: ولَقَد رأَيتُه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ قُتِلَ كافِرًا (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَى عيسَى بنُ حامِدٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مِنجابٌ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قالَ: أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قالَ: ربما قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- القُرآنَ فيَمُرُّ بالسَّجدَةِ فيَسجُدُ بنا، حَتَّى ازدَحَمنا عندَه حَتَّى ما يَجِدُ أحَدُنا مَكانًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٧٦٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤٠٦)، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٧٦١).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٧٠)، ومسلم (٥٧٦).","vol":"4","page":490},{"text":"يَسجُدُ فيه فى غَيرِ الصَّلاةِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، وفى حَديثِ ابنِ مُسهِرٍ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ السَّجدَةَ ونَحنُ عندَه فيَسجُدُ ونَسجُدُ معه، فنَزدَحِمُ حَتَّى ما يَجِدُ بَعضنا لجَبهَتِه مَوضِعًا فى غَيرِ الصَّلاةِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ آدَمَ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-826>بابُ مَن قال: إنَّما السَّجدَةُ على مَنِ استَمَعَها</span>\nرُوِى ذَلِكَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n٣٨٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سفيانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: مَرَّ سَلمانُ بقَومٍ يَقرَءونَ السَّجدَةَ، قالوا: نَسجُدُ؟ قال: لَيسَ لَها غَدَونا (^٤).\n\n٣٨٢٤ - وعَن سفيانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما السَّجدَةُ على مَن جَلسَ لَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٧٥١).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٧٦)، مسلم (٥٧٥/ ١٠٤).\n(^٣) سيأتى تخريجه فى الصفحة التالية حاشية (٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩٠٩) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٤٦) عن ابن فضيل عن عطاء به. وقال ابن حجر فى التغليق ٢/ ٤١٢: وهو إسناد صحيح؛ لأن الثورى سمع من عطاء قبل الاختلاط.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٣٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"4","page":491},{"text":"٣٨٢٥ - وعَن سُفيانَ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: إنَّما السَّجدَةُ على مَن سَمِعَها (^١).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عثمانَ قال: إنَّما السَّجدَةُ على مَن جَلَسَ لَها وأَنصتَ (^٢).\nوَيُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عمرَ نَحوٌ مِن قَولِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ نَفسِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-827>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَسجُدُ المُستَمِعُ إذا لم يَسجُدِ القارِئُ</span>\n\n٣٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قَرأتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"النَّجمَ\" فلَم يَسجُدْ فيها (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما تقدَّم (^٥).\n\n٣٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٤٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد عن سعيد بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩٠٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٤٣) من طريق سعيد به. وينظر تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤١٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٤٨).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٧٥٦).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٧٣).","vol":"4","page":492},{"text":"وحَفصُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ رجلًا قرأَ بآيَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ فيها سَجدَةٌ عندَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فسَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ وسَجَدَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- معه، ثم قرأَ آخَرُ آيَةً فيها سَجدَةٌ وهو عندَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فانتَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ أنْ يَسجُدَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فلَم يَسجُدْ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَرأتُ السَّجدَةَ فلَم تَسجُدْ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُنتَ إمامًا، فلَو سَجَدتَ سَجَدتُ مَعَكَ\" (^١).\nوقَد رواه الشافعىُّ ﵀ وقالَ: إنِّى لأحسِبُه زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ؛ لأنَّه يُحكَى أنَّه قرأَ عندَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فلَم يَسجُدْ، وإِنَّما رَوَى الحديثَينِ مَعًا عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فهَذا الذى ذكَره الشافعىُّ ﵀ مُحتَمِلٌ.\nوقَد رواه إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى فروَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَوصولًا (^٣). وإِسحاقُ ضعيفٌ (^٤).\nوروِى عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن قُرَّةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ، وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ. والمحفوظُ من حَديثِ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ مُرسَلٌ، وحَديثُه عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٣٧٠)، ومن طريقه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٧٧).\n(^٢) الشافعى ١/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور، كما فى عمدة القارئ ٧/ ١٠٦ من طريق إسحاق بن عبد اللَّه بن أبى فروة عن أبى هريرة.\n(^٤) هو إسحاق بن عبد اللَّه بن أبى فروة القرشى الأموى أبو سليمان المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٢٧، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ١٣١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٤٤٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٤٤٤، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٥٩: متروك.","vol":"4","page":493},{"text":"زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ مَوصولٌ مُختَصرٌ، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّه، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ قال: قَرأتُ السَّجدَةَ عندَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فنَظَرَ إلىَّ فقالَ: أنتَ إمامُنا، فاسجُدْ نَسجُدْ مَعَكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-828>بابُ مَن قال: يُكَبِّرُ إذا سَجَدَ ويُكَبِّرُ إذا رَفَعَ. ومَن قال: يُسَلِّمُ. ومَن قال: لا يُسَلِّمُ</span>\n\n٣٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ أبو مَسعودٍ الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ عَلَينا القُرآنَ، فإِذا مَرَّ بالسَّجدَةِ كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ وسَجَدنا. قال عبدُ الرزاقِ: وكانَ الثَّورِىُّ يُعجِبُه هذا الحَديثُ. قال أبو داودَ: يُعجِبُه لأنَّه كَبَّرَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠، ٥١.\n(^٢) فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر الرزاز (٤٩٣). وأخرجه ابن حجر فى تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤٠٩ من طريق على ابن محمد بن عبد اللَّه به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩٠٧)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٢٤ من طريق أبى إسحاق به، وعند البخارى وابن حجر: سليم بن حنظلة. بدل: سليمان بن حنظلة.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٤١٣). وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٠٧): منكر بذكر التكبير.","vol":"4","page":494},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ يَسارٍ، عن أبيه قال: إذا قرأَ الرَّجُلُ السَّجدَةَ فلا يَسجُدُ حَتَّى يأتى على الآيَةِ كُلِّها، فإِذا أتَى عَلَيها رَفَعَ يَدَيه وكَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ (^١). قال: وسَمِعتُ محمدًا يَعنِى ابنَ سيرينَ يقولُ مِثلَ هَذا (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ صَبِيحِ عن الحسنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّه قال: إذا قَرأتَ سَجدَةً فكَبِّرْ واسجُدْ، وإِذا رَفَعتَ فكَبِّرْ.\nويُذكَرُ عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ وأَبِى الأحوَصِ أنَّهُما سَلَّما فى السَّجدَةِ تَسليمَةً عن اليَمينِ (^٣). ورَفَعَه بَعضُهُم عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ إلى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّه سَجَدَ ولَم يُسَلِّمْ (^٥).\nوعَنِ الحسنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ فى السَّجدَةِ تَسليمٌ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-829>بابُ ما يقولُ فى سُجودِ التِّلاوَةِ</span>\n\n٣٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٠٦) من طريق ابن عون من فعل مسلم بن يسار وليس فيه رفع اليدين.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٠٥) من وجه آخر عن ابن سيرين.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤١٩٨، ٤١٩٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٠٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٠٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٠٢) عن الحسن من فعله.","vol":"4","page":495},{"text":"عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن رجلٍ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ فى سُجودَ القُرآنِ باللَّيلِ؛ يقولُ فى السَّجدةِ مِرارًا: \"سَجَدَ وجهِى لِلَّذِى خَلَقَه، وشَقَّ سَمعَه وبَصَرَه، بحَولِه وقوَّتِه\" (^١). زادَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ فى رِوايَتِه: \"فتَبارَكَ اللَّهُ أحسَنُ الخالِقينَ\".\nوقَد مَضى ما روِى فى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-830>باب: لا يَسجُدُ إلا طاهِرًا</span>\n\n٣٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حدَّثَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه قال: لا يَسجُدُ الرَّجُلُ إلا وهو طاهِرٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأبو داود (١٤١٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٥٨٠، ٣٤٢٥)، والنسائى (١١٢٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (٢٤٠٢٢) من طريق خالد عن أبى العالية به. وأحمد (٢٥٨٢١) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٨٠٦، ٣٨٠٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٤٣١).","vol":"4","page":496},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-831>بابُ الرّاكِبِ يَسجُدُ مومِئًا، والماشِى يَسجُدُ على الأرضِ</span>\n\n٣٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شرَيكٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قرأَ عامَ الفَتحِ سَجدَةً، فسَجَدَ النّاسُ كُلُّهُم، مِنهُمُ الرّاكِبُ والسّاجِدُ فى الأرضِ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرّاكِبَ يسجُدُ على يَدِهِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن علىٍّ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- أنَّهُما سَجَدا وهُما راكِبانِ بالإيماءِ (^٢). وعَنِ ابنِ عمرَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن السُّجودِ على الدّابَّةِ فقالَ: اسجُدْ وأَومِئْ (^٣). وقالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: لا تَسجُدْ إلا أن تَكُون طاهِرًا، فإِذا سَجَدْتَ وأَنتَ فى حَضرٍ فاستَقبَلِ القِبلَةَ، وإِن كُنتَ راكِبًا فلا عَلَيكَ حَيثُ كان وجهُكَ (^٤).\n\n٣٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ الأزديَّةِ قالَت: رأَيتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقرأُ فى المُصحَفِ، فإِذا مَرَّت بسَجدَةٍ قامَت فسَجَدَت (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤١١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٥٦) من طريق أبى الجماهر به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٣٣، ٤٢٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٢٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن وهب، كما فى تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤١٢.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٢٢٧) عن الحاكم وحده. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٦٤١) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":497},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-832>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَسجُدُ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ</span>\n\n٣٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الصَّبّاحِ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَحرٍ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِىُّ قالَ. كُنتُ أقُصُّ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فأَسجُدُ، فنَهانِى ابنُ عمرَ، فلَم أنتَهِ ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثم عادَ فقالَ: إنِّى صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومَعَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃-، فلَم يَسجُدوا حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ (^١).\nوهَذا إن ثَبَتَ مَرفوعًا، فيُختارُ له تأخيرُ السَّجدةِ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ وقتُ الكَراهَةِ، وإِن لم يَثبُتْ رَفعُه، فكأَنَّه قاسَها على صَلاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ، وسَنَدُلُّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ على تَخصيصِ ما له سَبَبٌ عن النَّهىِ المُطلَقِ (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ وسالِمٍ والقاسِمِ وعِكرِمَةَ، أنَّهُم رَخَّصوا فى السُّجودِ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ وبَعدَ العَصرِ (^٣)، وثابِتٌ عن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه سَجَدَ لِلشُّكرِ بَعدَ صلاةِ الفَجرِ حينَ سمِع البُشرَى بالتَّوبَةِ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ فى زَمانِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤١٥). قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٦٢: تفرد به أبو بحر عبد الرحمن بن عثمان البكراوى عن ثابت، قال أحمد: أبو بحر طرح الناس حديثه.\n(^٢) ينظر ما سيأتى فى (٤٤٤٥ - ٤٤٩٦).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٣٦٣، ٤٣٦٤).\n(^٤) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٣٩٩٠، ٤٤٩٦، ٦٨٥١، ١٥١١٠، ١٨٦٢٦).","vol":"4","page":498},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-833>بابٌ</span>\n\n٣٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الخَطْمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يَسجُدُ بآخِرِ الآيَتَينِ مِن \"حم السَّجدَةِ\"، وكانَ أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ يَسجُدُ بالأُولَى مِنهُما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-834>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى الكَعبَةِ</span>\n\n٣٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ ومَعَه بلالٌ وأُسامَةُ وعُثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، قال ابنُ عمرَ: فسأَلتُ بلالًا: ما صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: جَعَلَ عَمودًا عن يَسارِه، وعَمودًا عن يَمينِه، وثَلاثَةَ أعمِدَةٍ وراءَه، ثم صَلَّى. قال: وكانَ البَيتُ يَومَئذٍ على سِتَّةِ أعمِدَةٍ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، عن مالكٍ، وقالَ: عَمودَينِ عن يَسارِهِ (^٣). وَكَذَلِكَ قالَه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٤١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٢٣)، الشافعى ١/ ٩٨، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢٣)، والنسائى (٧٤٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٥)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٨٨).","vol":"4","page":499},{"text":"الشافعىُّ فى أحَدِ المَوضِعَينِ (^١). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ لَنا إسماعيلُ: حدَّثَنى مالكٌ وقالَ: عَمودَينِ عن يَمينِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ، وهو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n٣٨٣٨ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ هو وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ الحَجَبِىُّ وبِلالُ بنُ رَباحٍ، فأَغلَقَها عليه ومَكَثَ فيها. قال عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ: فسأَلتُ بلالًا حينَ خَرَجَ: ماذا صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: جَعَلَ عَمودًا عن يَسارِه، وعَمودَينِ عن يَمينِه، وثَلاثَةَ أعمِدَةٍ وراءَه -وكانَ البَيتُ يَومَئذٍ على سِتَّةِ أعمِدَةٍ- ثم صَلَّى (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه القَعنَبِىُّ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه (^٤).\n\n٣٨٣٩ - ورواه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن مالكٍ وقالَ: تَرَكَ عَمودَينِ عن يَمينِه، وعَمودًا عن يَسارِه، وثَلاثَةَ أعمِدَةٍ خَلفَه، ثم صَلَّى وبَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ ثَلاثَةُ أذرُعٍ. أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مسند الشافعى (٢٠١ - شفاء العى).\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (٥٠٥).\n(^٣) ذكره ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٨/ ٣٩٢ عن يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٢٣) عن القعنبى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٧٨٠).","vol":"4","page":500},{"text":"مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٣٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ فيما قَرأتُ عليه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدَّثَنا فُلَيحٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: أقبَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- عامَ الفَتحِ وهو مُردِفٌ أُسامَةَ على القَصواءِ، ومَعَهَ بلالٌ وعُثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ الحَجَبىُّ، حَتَّى أناخَ عندَ البَيتِ، ثم قال لِعُثمانَ: \"ائتِنا بمِفتاحٍ\" (^٢). فجاؤَه بالمِفتاحِ ففَتَحَ له البابَ، فدَخَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- وأُسامَةُ وبِلالٌ وعُثمانُ، ثم أغلَقوا عَلَيهِمُ البابَ، فمَكَثَ نَهارًا طَويلًا، ثم خَرَجَ وابتَدَرَ النّاسُ الدُّخولَ، فسَبَقتُهُم فوَجَدتُ بلالًا قائمًا وراءَ البابِ، فقُلتُ له: أينَ صَلَّى النبىُّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: صَلَّى بَينَ العَمودَينِ المُقَدَّمَينِ، وكانَ البَيتُ على سِتَّةِ أعمِدَةٍ شَطرَينِ، صَلَّى بَينَ العَمودَينِ مِنَ الشَّطرِ المُقَدَّمِ، وجَعَلَ بابَ البَيتِ خَلفَ ظَهرِه، فاستَقبَلَ بوَجهِه الذى يَستَقبِلُكَ حينَ تَلِجُ البَيتَ (^٣) بَينَه وبَينَ الجِدارِ. قال: ونَسيتُ أن أسأَلَه كَم صَلَّى، وعِندَ المَكانِ الذى صَلَّى فيه مَرمَرَةٌ (^٤) حَمراءُ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن سُرَيجٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٢٧، ٦٢٣١)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢٤) من طريق ابن مهدى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٧٨١).\n(^٢) فى س: \"بالمفتح\". والمفتح بكسر الميم: المفتاح. لسان العرب ٢/ ٥٣٧ (ف ت ح).\n(^٣) فى م: \"والبيت\".\n(^٤) المرمرة: واحدة المرمر، وهو نوع من الرخام الصلب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٤٩) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٤٤٠٠).","vol":"4","page":501},{"text":"٣٨٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ عَبدوسٍ أن السَّجِستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَسعودٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ مَسعودٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ سليمانَ النُّمَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ قال: أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان إذا دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ مَشَى قِبَلَ وجهِه حينَ يَدخُلُ، ويَجعَلُ البابَ قِبَلَ ظَهرِه، فيَمشِى حَتَّى يكون بَينَه وبَينَ الجِدارِ الذى قِبَلَ وجهِه قَريبٌ مِن ثَلاثَةِ أذرُعٍ، يُصَلِّى، يَتَوَخَّى المَكانَ الذى أخبرَه بلالٌ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فيه، ولَيسَ على أحَدٍ بأسٌ أن يُصَلِّى مِن أىِّ نَواحِى البَيتِ شاءَ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ المُنذِرِ عن أبى ضَمرَةَ عن (^٢) موسَى (^٣).\n\n٣٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سَعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ قال: حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- البَيتَ هو وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ وبِلالٌ وعُثمانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٠٩) من طريق الفضيل بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) بعدها فى س: \"أبى\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٦).","vol":"4","page":502},{"text":"طَلحَةَ، فأَغلَقوا عَلَيهِم، فلَمّا فتَحوا كُنتُ فى (^١) أوَّلِ مَن ولَجَ، فلَقِيتُ بلالًا، فسأَلتُه: هَل صَلَّى فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، صَلَّى بَينَ العَمودَينِ اليَمانيَينِ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا سَيفٌ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: أُتِىَ ابنُ عمرَ فى مَنزِلِه فقيلَ له: هذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ. قال: فأَقبَلتُ فأَجِدُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد خَرَجَ، وأَجِدُ بلالًا على البابِ قائمًا فقُلتُ: يا بلالُ هَل صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الكَعبَةِ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقُلتُ: أينَ (^٤)؟ قال: بَينَ الأُسطوانَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ فى وجهِ الكَعبَةِ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى عن سَيفِ بنِ سليمانَ (^٦). ويُقالُ: قَد رواه أيضًا عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وفيه: أنَّه صَلَّى فى الكَعبَةِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٦٩١) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٩٨)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٩٣).\n(^٤) فى س: \"كم صلى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٢٩٠٨) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠١٦) من طريق سيف به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٣٩٧).\n(^٧) البخارى (١١٦٧).","vol":"4","page":503},{"text":"وقَدِ اتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ أيّوبَ السَّختِيانِىِّ (^١) وعُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ (^٢) وفُلَيحِ بنِ سليمانَ (^٣) وابنِ عَونٍ (^٤) وغَيرِهِم عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه نَسِىَ أن يَسأَلَه: كَم صلَّى؟ وفى هذا الحديثِ أنَّه صلَّى فيها رَكعَتَينِ. فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أخبرَ عن أقَل ما يَكونُ صَلَّاه، وسَكَتَ عَمّا زادَ عَلَيهِما؛ لأنَّه لم يَسأَلْه بلالًا.\n\n٣٨٤٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ صَفوانَ قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: كَيفَ صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ؟ قال: صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n٣٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ الحَنَفِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ يقولُ: صلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الكَعبَةِ، وسَيأتِى مَن يَنهاكَ عن ذَلِكَ فلا تُطِعْه. يَعنِى ابنَ عَبّاسٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٢٢)، والبخارى (٤٦٨)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٨٩، ٣٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠١٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٢٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٩١)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٩١)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٢٠٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٨٤٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٩٢)، والنسائى (٢٩٠٥) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٠٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٥٣)، وأبو داود (١٨٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠١٧) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٧٨٣).\n(^٦) الطيالسى (١٩٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٥٣، ٥٠٦٦)، وابن حبان (٣٢٠٠) من طريق شعبه به","vol":"4","page":504},{"text":"٣٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرِ بنِ رِبعِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أسَمِعتَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: إنَّما أُمِرتُم بالطَّوافِ ولَم تُؤمَروا بدُخولِهِ؟ فقالَ: لم يكنْ يَنهَى عن دُخولِه، ولَكِنِّى سَمِعتُه يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- لَما دَخَلَ البَيتَ دَعا فى نَواحيه كُلِّها ولَم يُصَلِّ فيه حَتَّى خَرَجَ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ رَكَعَ فى قِبَلِ البَيتِ رَكعَتَينِ وقالَ: \"هَذِه القِبلَةُ\". قُلتُ: ما نَواحيها؟ أفِى زَواياها؟ قال: فى كُلِّ قِبلَةٍ مِنَ البَيتِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرزاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ كما تَقَدَّمَ (^٢).\nقال الشافعىُّ ﵀: مَن قال: صلَّى. شاهِدٌ، ومَن قال: لم يُصَلِّ. لَيسَ بشاهِدٍ، فأَخَذنا بقَولِ بلالٍ، وكانَت هَذِه الحُجَّةَ الثّابِتَةَ عندَنا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوّينا أيضًا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- (^٤). [وروِى ذَلِكَ عن شَيبَةَ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ الحَجَبِىِّ] (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٦٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٩٨)، ومسلم (١٣٣٠/ ٣٩٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٦٢.\n(^٥) ليس فى: س.","vol":"4","page":505},{"text":"ورُوِى عن عثمانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ الحَجَبِىِّ:\n\n٣٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبَيه، عن عثمانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى الكَعبَةِ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، وفيه إرسالٌ بينَ (^٢) عُروةَ وعُثمانَ.\n\n٣٨٤٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ ابنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: دَخَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- البَيتَ ثم خَرَجَ وبِلالٌ خَلفَه، فقُلتُ لِبِلالٍ: هَل صَلَّى؟ قال: لا. قال: فلَمّا كان الغَدُ دَخَلَ فسأَلتُ بلالًا: هَل صَلَّى؟ قال: نَعَم، صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، استَقبَلَ الجَذَعَةَ وجَعَلَ السّاريَةَ الثّانيَةَ عن يمينِهِ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ أبى حَربٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الغَفّارِ بنِ القاسِمِ قال: حدَّثَنى حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ قال:\n_________\n= والأثر أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٩١، والمصنف فى الشعب (٤٠٥٤).\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٤٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨٧) من طريق حماد به، بزيادة فى آخره. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٩٤: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) فى س: \"عن\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٥١. وفيه: الجزعة. مكان: الجذعة. وحسن إسناده الزيلعى فى نصب الراية ٢/ ٣٢١.","vol":"4","page":506},{"text":"حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- البَيتَ، فصَلَّى بَينَ السّاريَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى بَينَ البابِ والحِجرِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم قال: \"هَذِه القِبلَةُ\". ثم دَخَلَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى فقامَ فيه يَدعو، ثم خَرَجَ ولَم يُصَلِّ (^١).\nوهاتانِ الرِّوايَتانِ إن صَحَّتا ففيهِما دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه -ﷺ- دَخَلَه مَرَّتَينِ، فصَلَّى مَرَّةً وتَرَكَ مَرَّةً، إلا أنَّ فى ثُبوتِ الحديثَينِ نَظَرًا، وما ثَبَتَ عن بلالٍ وهو مُثبِتٌ، أولَى مِمّا ثَبَتَ عن أُسامَةَ وهو نافِى، ومَعَ بلالٍ غَيرُه.\n\n٣٨٥٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ أبى سعيدٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُعطيتُ خَمسًا لم يُعطَهُنَّ أحَدٌ قبلى: كان كُلُّ نَبِىٍّ يبعَثُ إلى قَومه خاصَّةً، وبُعِثتُ إلى كُلِّ أحمَرَ وأسوَدَ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغَنائمُ ولَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قبلى، وجُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ طَيِّبَةً وطَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، وأيُّما رجلٍ أدرَكَته الصلاةُ صَلَّى حَيثُ كان، ونُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ بَينَ يَدَىْ مَسيرَةِ شَهرٍ، وأُعطيتُ الشَّفاعَةَ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، ورواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ وغَيرِه عن هُشَيمٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٥٢. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٣٤٧) من طريق أبى مريم عبد الغفار بن القاسم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٦٥: عبد الغفار تركوه واتهم. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٩٤: وفيه أبو مريم روى عن صغار التابعين ولم أعرفه وبقية رجاله موثقون وفى بعضهم كلام.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٣١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٢١)، والبخارى (٣٣٥).","vol":"4","page":507},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-835>بابُ النَّهى عن الصَّلاةِ على ظَهرِ الكَعبَةِ</span>\n\n٣٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ ابنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جَبِيرَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّلاةِ فى سَبعَةِ مَواطِنَ: المَقبَرَةِ، والمَجزَرَةِ، والمَزبَلَةِ، والحَمّامِ، ومَحَجَّةِ الطَّريقِ، وظَهرِ بَيتِ اللَّهِ تعالَى، ومَعاطِنِ (^١) الإِبِلِ (^٢).\n\n٣٨٥٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به زَيدُ بنُ جَبِيرَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ المِهرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حامِدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الرّاوَسانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ البخارىِّ يقولُ: زَيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"ومواطن\".\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٤٤٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٤٦) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد المقرئ به، وقال الترمذى: حديث ابن عمر إسناده ليس بذاك القوى، وقد تُكلم فى زيد بن جبيرة من قِبل حفظه.\n(^٤) هو زيد بن جَبِيرةَ بن محمود بن أبى جَبِيرة أبو جَبِيرة الأنصارى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٩٠، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٥٩، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٣١٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ١، قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٦٦: مجمع على ضعفه. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٧٣: متروك.","vol":"4","page":508},{"text":"جَبِيرَةَ أبو جَبِيرَةَ عن داودَ بنِ الحُصينِ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^١).\nورُوِى هذا الحَديث عن عبدِ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىِّ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عمرَ عن عمرَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، وحَديثُ داودَ أشبَهُ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، قالَه أبو عيسَى (^٢). وقَد رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ عَن (^٣) أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى قِبَلِ البَيتِ رَكعَتَينِ وقالَ: \"هَذِه القِبلَةُ\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-836>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ المُرتَدَّ يَقضِى ما تَرَكَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه (^٤)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّام، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، لا كَفّارَةَ لها إلا ذَلِكَ\". قال قَتادَةُ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ (^٥) [طه: ١٤]. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٩٠، والضعفاء الصغير (١٢٥).\n(^٢) الترمذى عقب (٣٤٧).\n(^٣) فى م: \"وعن\". وقد تقدم الحديث فى (٣٨٤٦) عن ابن عباس عن أسامة بن زيد.\n(^٤) بعده فى س: \"حدثنا عبد اللَّه بن بالويه\".\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٢٢٢).\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٩٧).","vol":"4","page":509},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-837>جِماعُ أبوابِ سُجودِ السَّهوِ وسُجودِ الشُّكرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-838>باب: لا تَبطُلُ صَلاةُ المَرءِ بالسَّهوِ فيها</span>\n\n٣٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ قالا: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ أنسَى كما تَنسَونَ، فأيُّكُم شَكَّ فى صَلاتِه، فليَنظُرْ أحرَى ذَلِكَ إلى الصَّوابِ، فليُتِمَّ عليه ويَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ، وأَخرجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ (^٢).\n\n٣٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى جاءَه الشَّيطانُ فلَبَسَ عليه حَتَّى لا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى، فإِذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم ذَلِكَ فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٤٨) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والنسائى (١٢٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢١٢)، وابن حبان (٢٦٥٧، ٢٦٦٠) من طريق مسعر به، وتقدم فى (٢٢٨٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠)، والبخارى (٤٠١).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٠٠، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٠٣٠)، والنسائى (١٢٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٦٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٣١)، والترمذى (٣٩٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٠) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"4","page":510},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخارى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^١).\n\n٣٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا نودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ أدبَرَ الشَّيطانُ له ضُراطٌ حَتَّى لا يَسمَعَ النِّداءَ، فإِذا قُضِىَ النِّداءُ أقبَلَ، فإِذا ثُوِّبَ بها أدبَرَ، فإِذا قُضِىَ التَّثويبُ أقبَلَ حَتَّى يَخطِرَ بَينَ المَرءِ وبَينَ نَفسِه حَتَّى يقولَ: اذكُرْ كَذا، اذكُرْ كَذا. لما لم يَكُنْ يَذكُرُ، فإِذا لم يَدرِ أحَدُكُم صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أو أربَعًا فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-839>بابُ مَن شَكَّ فى صَلاتِه فلَم يَدرِ صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أو أربَعًا</span>\n\n٣٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ الحارِثِ العَقَبِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدّورِىّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) مسلم ١/ ٣٩٨ (٣٨٩/ ٨٢)، والبخارى (١٢٣٢).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٤٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٦٩)، والنسائى (١٢٥٢)، وابن حبان (١٦) من طريق هشام به. والبخارى (٣٢٨٥)، وابن حبان (١٦٦٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١١٣١)، ومسلم ١/ ٣٩٨ (٣٨٩/ ٨٣).","vol":"4","page":511},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه، فلَم يَدرِ كَم صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أم أربَعًا، فليَطرَحِ الشَّكَّ وليَبنِ على ما استَيقَنَ، وليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ، فإِن كان هِىَ خَمسًا كانَتا شَفعًا، وإِن صَلَّى تَمامَ الأربَعِ كانَتا تَرغيمًا لِلشَّيطانِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ عن موسَى بنِ داوُدَ (^٢).\n\n٣٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وداوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ حدَّثَهم، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى الصَّلاةِ فلا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أو أربَعًا، فليقُم فليصَلِّ رَكعَةً، ثم ليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قبلَ السَّلامِ، فإن كانَتِ الركعَةُ التى صَلّى خامِسَةً شَفَعَها بهاتينِ السَّجدَتَينِ، وإِن كانَت رابِعَةً فالسَّجدَتانِ تَرغيمٌ لِلشَّيطانِ\" (^٣). إلا أنَّ هِشامًا بَلَغَ به أبا سعيدٍ الخدرىُّ (^٤). هَكَذا رواه بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ وهبٍ.\nورواه أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ وهبٍ عن عَمِّه ابنِ وهبٍ، فجَعَلَ الوَصلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٨٢) عن موسى بن داود به. وابن حبان (٢٦٦٩) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧١/ ٨٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٢٨)، وابن وهب (٤٥٣)، ومالك ١/ ٩٥، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٠٢٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٩٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٢٤) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"4","page":512},{"text":"لِداودَ بنِ قَيسٍ:\n\n٣٨٥٩ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى قال: حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^١). ورِوايَةُ بَحرِ بنِ نَصرٍ كأَنَّها أصَحُّ.\nوقَد وصَلَ الحديثَ جَماعَةٌ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ مَعَ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ وهِشامِ ابنِ سَعدٍ:\n\n٣٨٦٠ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ ابنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا لم يَدرِ أحَدُكُم ثَلاثًا صَلَّى أم أربَعًا، فليُتِمَّ وليُصَلِّ (^٢) رَكعَةً، ثم يَسجُدُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ سجدَتَى السَّهوِ وهو جالِسٌ، فإن كانَت صَلاتُه خَمسًا شَفَعَت صَلَاتَه، وإِن كانَت أربَعًا كانَتا تَرغيمًا لِلشَّيطانِ\" (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رواه محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ وفُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٧١).\n(^٢) فى م: \"ويصلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٧٩٤)، والنسائى (١٢٣٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٧٩).","vol":"4","page":513},{"text":"عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ مَوصولًا (^١).\n\n٣٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِىُّ، فرَّقَهُما فى مَوضِعَينِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَلَستُ إلى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ هَل سَمِعتَ مِنَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الرَّجُلِ إذا نَسِىَ صَلاتَه فلَم يَدرِ أزادَ أم نَقَصَ ما أمَرَ به فيهِ؟ قُلتُ: وما سَمِعتَ أنتَ يا أميرَ المؤمِنينَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَيئًا فى ذَلِكَ؟ قال: لا واللَّهِ ما سَمِعتُ مِنه فيه شَيئًا، ولا سأَلتُ عنه. إذ جاءَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ فقالَ: فيم أنتُما؟ فأَخبَرَه عُمَرُ فقالَ: سأَلتُ هذا الفَتَى عن كَذا وكَذا فلَم أجِدْ عندَه عِلمًا. قال عبدُ الرحمنِ: لَكِن عِندِى، لَقَد سَمِعتُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-. فقالَ عُمَرُ: فأَنتَ عندَنا العَدلُ الرِّضا، فماذا سَمِعتَ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه، فشَكَّ فى الواحِدَةِ والثِّنتَينِ فليَجعَلْهُما (^٢) واحِدَةً، وإِذا شَكَّ فى [الاثنَتَينِ والثَّلاثِ] (^٣) فليَجْعَلْها (^٤) اثنَتَينِ، وإِذا شَكَّ فى الثَّلاثِ والأربَعِ فليَجعَلْها (^٤) ثَلاثًا، حَتَّى يَكونَ الوَهَمُ فى الزّيادَةِ، يَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٢٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٤) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. وأحمد (١١٦٨٩) من طريق فليح بن سليمان به، وفى (١١٨٣٠) من طريق محمد بن مطرف به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٧٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) كذا هنا وسيأتى فى (٣٨٨٤): \"فليجعلها\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"الاثنين والثلاثة\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"فليجعلهما\".","vol":"4","page":514},{"text":"ثم يُسَلِّمُ\" (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رواه الجَماعَةُ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاق بنِ يَسارٍ (^٢).\nورواه إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ كما:\n\n٣٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ الفَضلِ أبو عُبَيدَةَ السَّقَطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: كُنّا عندَ عمرَ فتَذاكَرنا الرَّجُلَ يَسهُو فى صَلاتِه فلَم يَدرِ كَم صَلَّى، قالَ: فقُلتُ: ما سَمِعتُ فى ذَلِكَ شَيئًا. قالَ: فبَينا نَحنُ كَذَلِكَ إذ جاءَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ فقالَ: فيمَ أنتُم؟ قُلنا: الرَّجُلُ يَسهو فى صَلاتِه فلا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى. قالَ عبدُ الرحمنِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا سَها الرَّجُلُ فلَم يَدرِ ثِنتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا أو أربَعًا، فليَجعَلِ السَّهوَ فى الزّيادَةِ وليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ\". قال محمد بنُ إسحاقَ: فلَقيتُ حُسَينَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فذاكَرتُه هذا الحديثَ فقالَ لِى: هَل أسنَدَه لكَ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قالَ: لَكِن حدَّثَنى مَكحولٌ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِ هذا الحَديثِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٣١) برواية أبى زرعة وحده، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٢٣٧، ٢٣٨. وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٣٥/ ٢٣٧ من وجه آخر عن أبى زرعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٦)، والترمذى (٣٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به، وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث حسن غريب صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٧) عن إسماعيل به.","vol":"4","page":515},{"text":"ورواه المُحاربِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^١)، فصارَ وصلُ الحديثِ لِحُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، إلا أنَّ له شاهِدًا مِن حَديثِ مَكحولٍ:\n\n٣٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ سَيفٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ واقِدٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، عن مَكحولٍ. فذكَره نَحوَ رِوايَةِ ابنِ إسحاقِ عن مَكحولٍ عن كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣) عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\nورُوِى أيضًا عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن مَكحولٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا (^٥).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ:\n\n٣٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٩٩٤)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٩ من طريق المحاربى به.\n(^٢) هو حسين بن عبد اللَّه بن عبيد اللَّه بن عباس القرشى الهاشمى أبو عبد اللَّه المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٨٨، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٧، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٨٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٣٤١، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٧٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) فى م: \"إسحاق\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٩٩٩) عن سليمان بن سيف به. والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٠، والحاكم ١/ ٣٢٤ من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وقال الحاكم: هذا حديث مفسر صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه. ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٠ من طريق ثور بن يزيد به.","vol":"4","page":516},{"text":"حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ المَكِّىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنتُ أُذاكِرُ عمرَ شَيئًا مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، فأَتَى عَلَينا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- فقالَ: ألا أُحَدِّثُكُما حَديثًا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: أشهَدُ شَهادَةَ اللَّهِ لَسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم فى شَكٍّ مِنَ النُّقصانِ فى صَلاتِه فليُصَلِّ حَتَّى يَكونَ فى شَكٍّ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ المَكِّىِّ (^٢)، ورواه أيضًا (^٣) بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن بَحرِ بنِ كَنِيزٍ (^٤) السَّقّاءِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٦).\n\n٣٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى \"الفوائد الكبير\" لأبِى العباسِ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فلَم يَدرِ اثنَتَينِ صَلَّى أو ثَلاثًا، فليُلقِ الشَّكَّ وليَبنِ على اليَقينِ\" (^٧). جَعفَرٌ هذا هو ابنُ عَونٍ، وكَذا كان فى الأصلِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٩) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٦٩: إسماعيل واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٧٦) عن ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) بعده فى س: \"عن\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"كثير\". والمثبت هو الصواب. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٢.\n(^٥) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل، كما فى التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٥ عن بحر به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٧ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٧) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٦٩: غريب.","vol":"4","page":517},{"text":"سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى أخِى، عن سليمانَ، عن عمرَ بنِ محمدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى [وغَيرُه قالا] (^١): حدَّثَنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عمرَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فلا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أم أربَعًا، فليَركَعْ رَكعَةً يُحسِنُ رُكوعَها وسُجودَها، ثم يَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ\" (^٢). رواتُه ثِقاتٌ.\nوقَد وقَفَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ فى \"الموطأ\":\n\n٣٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عمرَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فليَتَوَخَّ (^٣) الذى يَظُنُّ أنَّه نَسِىَ\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٣٤) عن الحاكم عن أحمد بن عثمان عن أبى إسماعيل به، والحاكم ١/ ٣٢٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٢٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى أويس به، ومن طريق أيوب بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"فليطرح\".","vol":"4","page":518},{"text":"مِن صَلاتِه فليُصَلِّه، ثم يَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ (^١).\n\n٣٨٦٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ كان إذا سُئلَ عن النِّسيانِ فى الصَّلاةِ يقولُ: ليَتَوَخَّ أحَدُكُمُ الذى يظُنُّ أنَّه نَسِىَ مِن صَلاتِه فليُصَلِّهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٨٦٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عَفيفِ بنِ عمرٍو السَّهْمِىِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وكَعبَ الأحبارِ عن الذى يَشُكُّ فى صَلاتِه فلا يَدرِى أثَلاثًا صَلَّى أم أربَعًا، فكِلاهُما قال: فليَقُمْ فليُصلِّ رَكعَةً أُخرَى، وليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ إذا صَلَّى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-840>بابُ سُجودِ السَّهوِ فى النَّقصِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ قَبلَ التَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٣٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ مِن بعضِ الصَّلَواتِ ثم قامَ ولَم يَجلِسْ، فقامَ النّاسُ معه، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه ونَظَرنا تَسليمَه كَبَّرَ، فسَجَدَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٩٥، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٩٦.","vol":"4","page":519},{"text":"سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قَبلَ التَّسليمِ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٣٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ (^٣)، فقامَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ فلَم يَجلِسْ، فلمَّا كان فى آخِرِ صَلاتِه انتَظَرْنا تَسليمَه (^٤) أن يُسَلمَ، فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم سَلَّمَ (^٥).\n\n٣٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ الجُهَنِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ (^٦)، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن العَجلانِ مَولَى فاطِمَةَ، حدَّثه أنَّ محمدَ بنَ يوسُفَ مَولَى عثمانَ حدَّثه، عن أبيه، أنَّ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁- صَلَّى بهِم فنَسِىَ، فقامَ وعَلَيه جُلوسٌ فلَم\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١١٩، ومالك ١/ ٩٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٩٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٠٣٤)، والنسائى (١٢٢١). وأخرجه البخارى (٨٢٩، ١٢٣٠)، وأبو داود (١٠٣٥)، والترمذى (٣٩١)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٩)، وابن حبان (١٩٣٨، ١٩٣٩، ١٩٤١) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) العشى: ما بين زوال الشمس وغروبها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ٦٨.\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"أى\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٣٤٤٩).\n(^٦) فى س: \"نصر\". وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٤٨٧.","vol":"4","page":520},{"text":"يَجلِسْ، فلمَّا كان فى آخِرِ صَلاتِه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ قَبلَ السَّلامِ ثم قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَنَعَ (^١). قال أبى: وهو رأيِى.\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ فعَلَه عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىُّ (^٢). قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: وكَذَلِكَ سَجَدَهُما ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ وقامَ مِن ثِنتَينِ قَبلَ التَّسليمِ. وهو قَولُ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَدِ اختُلِفَ فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-841>بابُ سُجودِ السَّهوِ فى الزّيادَةِ فى الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ التَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٣٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ مَولَى ابنِ أبى أحمدَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ العَصرِ، فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، فقامَ ذو اليَدَينِ فقالَ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لم يَكُنْ\". فقالَ: قَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩١٧)، والنسائى (١٢٥٩) من طريق محمد بن يوسف به بنحوه مطولًا. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٣١٤ (٨٦٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٢٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (١٠٣٥).\n(^٤) ينظر معرفة السنن والآثار ٢/ ١٩٨.","vol":"4","page":521},{"text":"كان بَعضُ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على النّاسِ فقالَ: \"أصَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّه. فأَتَمَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما بَقِىَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ بَعدَ السَّلامِ وهو جالِسٌ. لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، ولَم يَذْكُرِ الشافعىُّ قَولَه: \"كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لم يَكُنْ\". وقالَ: ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ بَعدَ التَّسليمِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى سلمةَ وابنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٣٨٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: سَلَّمَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ مِنَ العَصرِ ثم قامَ فدَخَلَ الحُجرَةَ، فقامَ الخِرباقُ، رجلٌ بَسيطُ اليَدَينِ فنادَى: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ؟ فخَرَجَ مُغضبًا يَجُرُّ رِداءَه، فسأَلَ فأُخبِرَ، فصَلَّى تِلكَ الركعَةَ الَّتِى كان تَرَكَ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١٢٣، ومالك ١/ ٩٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢٦)، والنسائى (١٢٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٣/ ٩٩)، والبخارى (٤٨٢، ٧١٤، ١٢٢٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٦٣)، والشافعى ١/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢١٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (١٩٨٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٠١٨)، والنسائى (١٢٣٦)، وابن حبان (٢٦٥٤، ٢٦٧١) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.","vol":"4","page":522},{"text":"إبراهيمَ عن الثَّقَفِىِّ (^١).\n\n٣٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو وأبو بكرٍ وعُثمانُ ابنا (^٢) أبى شَيبَةَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: صلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال إبراهيمُ: فلا أدرِى أزادَ أم نَقَصَ- فلَما سَلَّمَ قيلَ له: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أحَدَثَ فى الصَّلاةِ شَئٌ؟ قال: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قالوا: صَلَّيتَ كَذا وكَذا. قال: فثَنَى رِجلَه واستقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، فسَجَدَ بهِم سَجدَتينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، فلَمّا انفَتَلَ أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"إنَّه لَو حَدَثَ فى الصَّلاةِ شَئٌ أنبأتُكُم به، ولَكِن إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ أنسَى كما تَنسَونَ، فإِذا نَسِيتُ فذَكِّرونِى، وإِذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فليَتَحَرَّ الصَّوابَ فليُتِمَّ عليه، ثم ليُسَلِّمْ، ثم ليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمان بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورواه مسلم عن أبى بكرٍ وعُثمانَ ابنَىْ أبى شَيبَةَ وعَن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، إلا أنَّه لم يُثبِتْ لَفظَ التَّسليمِ، وقَد أثبَتَه البخارىُّ وغَيرُه مِنَ الأئمَّةِ عن هَؤُلاءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٧٤/ ١٠٢).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"أنبأ ابن\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٤٤٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٠٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٦٦٢) من طريق جرير به. والنسائى (١٢٤١)، وابن ماجه (١٢١١)، وابن حبان (٢٦٥٦) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠١)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٨٩).","vol":"4","page":523},{"text":"٣٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: صَلَّى صَلاةً فزادَ أو نَقَصَ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ أقبَلَ على القَومِ بوَجهِه. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ. وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"فإِذا سَلَّمَ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ\".\nوحَفِظَه أيضًا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ ووُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ (^١).\nورواه مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ وفُضَيلُ بنُ عِياضٍ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن مَنصورٍ، فلَم يَذكُروا لَفظَ التَّسليمِ وكَلِمَةَ التَّحَرِّى (^٢).\nورواه جَماعَةٌ عن إبراهيمَ، مِنهُمُ الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ (^٣) وسُلَيمانُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأعمَشُ (^٤) فلَم يَذكُروا هَذِه اللَّفظَةَ ولا كَلِمَةَ التَّحَرِّى، ورواه إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠)، وابن حبان (٢٦٥٩) من طريق الثورى به، بلفظ: \"فليتحر الصواب\". وأحمد (٤١٧٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠)، والنسائى (١٢٤٣) من طريق شعبة به، بلفظ: \"فليتحرَّ أقرب ذلك إلى الصواب\". ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠) من طريق وهب به، بلفظ: \"فلينظر أحرى ذلك إلى الصواب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٤٨)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠)، والنسائى (١٢٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢١٢)، وابن حبان (٢٦٥٧) من طريق مسعر به. والبخارى (٦٦٧١)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به. ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٠)، والنسائى (١٢٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٨) من طريق فضيل به.\n(^٣) ستأتى روايته فى (٣٨٩٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٣٢)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٤ - ٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٢١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"4","page":524},{"text":"سُويدٍ النَّخَعِىُّ عن عَلقَمَةَ فلَم يَذكُرْهُما (^١)، وهو غَيرُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ النَّخَعِىِّ الفَقيهِ، وحَفِظَ ما لم يَحفَظْه إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ فى غَيرِ رِوايَةِ الحَكَمِ عنه مِنَ الزّيادَةِ أوِ النُّقصانِ فقالَ: صَلَّى خَمسًا.\nورواه الأسوَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، فوافَقَ إبراهيمَ بنَ سُويَدٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ فى أنَّه صَلَّى خَمسًا، ولَم يَذكُرِ اللَّفظَتَينِ (^٢)، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ فى السَّلامِ، إلا أنَّ فى صِحَّتِه نَظَرًا:\n\n٣٨٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا النُّفَيلىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كُنتَ فى صَلاةٍ فشَكَكتَ فى ثَلاثٍ أو أربَعٍ، وأكثرُ ظَنِّكَ على أربَع، تَشَهَّدتَ ثم سَجَدتَ سَجدَتَينِ وأنتَ جالِسٌ قبلَ أن تُسَلِّمَ، ثم تَشَهَّدتَ أيضًا ثم تُسَلِّمُ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: وكَذا رواه عبدُ الواحِدِ عن خُصيفٍ ولَم يَرفَعْه، ووافَقَ عبدَ الواحِدِ أيضًا سُفيانُ وشَريكٌ وإِسرائيلُ، واختَلَفوا فى الكَلامِ فى مَتنِ الحديثِ ولَم يُسنِدوه.\n_________\n(^١) ستأتى روايته فى (٤٠٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٨٣، ٣٩٨٣)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٣)، والنسائى (١٢٥٨) من طريق الأسود به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٧٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٥) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٢: الحديث منكر تفرد به خصيف وقد ضُعِّف، وأبو عبيدة عن أبيه منقطع. اهـ. وسيأتى فى (٣٩٥٨) وسيضعفه المصنف هناك.","vol":"4","page":525},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-842>بابُ مَن قال: يَسجُدُهُما بَعدَ التَّسليمِ على الإِطلاقِ</span>\n\n٣٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاج يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُسافِعٍ، أنَّ مُصعَبَ بنَ شَيبَةَ أخبرَه، عن عُتبَةَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن شَكَّ فى صَلاتِه فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ بعدَ أن يُسَلِّمَ\" (^١). هذا الإسنادُ لا بأسَ به، إلا أنَّ حَديثَ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أصَحُّ إسنادًا مِنه، ومَعَه حَديثُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ، على ما نَذكُرُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ السُّكَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ الحِمصِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدَّثَنا عبيدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدٍ يَعنِى الكَلاعِىَّ، عن زُهَيرٍ يَعنِى العَنسِىَّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ثَوبانَ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لِكُلِّ سَهو سَجدَتانِ بعدَما يُسَلِّمُ\".\n\n٣٨٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٣٣). وأخرجه النسائى (١٢٤٩) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (١٧٤٧) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٢: عتبة -ويقال: عقب- لا يدرى من هو، ومصعب ليس بذاك.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عبد\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما عند أبى داود، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١١١.","vol":"4","page":526},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ والرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ و(^١) عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وشُجاعُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عَيّاشٍ حَدَّثَهُم. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ: عن أبيه. غَيرُ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، وقالَ: زُهَير يَعنِى ابنَ سالِمٍ العَنسِىَّ (^٢).\nوهَذا إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ، وحَديثُ أبى هريرةَ وعِمرانَ وغَيرِهِما فى اجتِماعِ عَدَدٍ مِنَ السَّهوِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- ثم اقتِصارِه على سَجدَتَينِ يُخالِفُ هذا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ الجُشَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا المسعودِىُّ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ قال: صَلَّى بنا المُغيرَةُ فنَهَضَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، قُلنا: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! قال: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! ومَضَى (^٣)، فلَمّا أتَمَّ صَلاتَه وسَلَّمَ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ، فلَمّا انصرَفَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ كما صَنَعتُ (^٤). قال أبو داودَ: وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ أبى لَيلَى عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن المُغيرَةِ يَرفَعُه.\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ أصَحُّ مِن هذا، ومَعَه رِوايَةُ مُعاويَةَ، وفى حَديثِهِما أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَهُما قَبلَ السَّلامِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عن\". والمثبت من سنن أبى داود، وهو الصواب، وعثمان بن أبى شيبة من شيوخ أبى داود. وتقدم قريبًا (٣٨٧٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٣٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢١٩) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"وما مضى\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٠٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٦٣)، والترمذى (٣٦٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"4","page":527},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-843>بابُ مَن قال: يَسجُدُهما قَبلَ السَّلامِ فى الزّيادَةِ والنُّقصانِ، ومَن زَعَمَ أنَّ السُّجودَ بَعدَه صارَ مَنسوخًا</span>\n\n٣٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَ: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فلَم يَدرِ كَم صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أو أربَعًا، فليُصَلِّ رَكعَةً وليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قبلَ التَّسليمِ، فإِن كانَتِ الرَّكعَةُ التى صَلَّى خامِسَةً شَفَعَها بهاتَينِ، وإِن كانَت رابِعَةً فالسَّجدَتانِ تَرغيمٌ لِلشَّيطانِ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ وهِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ مَوصولًا (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ أيضًا مَوصولًا:\n\n٣٨٨٣ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرِ بنِ يوسُفَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ بدِمَشقَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ وزيرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىَّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: وتأَوَّلَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ما أخبرَنا هو عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فلا يَدرِى أثَلاثًا صَلَّى أم أربَعًا، فليُلقِ الشَّكَّ وليَبنِ على اليقينِ، ثم ليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ، فإِن كانَت وِترًا شَفَعَها بهاتَينِ السَّجدَتَينِ، وإِن كانَت شَفعًا فالسَّجدَتانِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٢٦)، ومالك ١/ ٩٥. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٩٠٢).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجهما فى (٣٨٥٧، ٣٨٥٨).","vol":"4","page":528},{"text":"تَرغيمٌ للشَّيطانِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَلَستُ إلى عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-. فذكَر الحديثَ كما مَضَى عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفيه: عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه؛ فشَكَّ فى الواحِدَةِ والثِّنتَينِ فليَجعَلْها (^٢) واحِدَةً، وإِذا شَكَّ فى الاثنَتَينِ والثَّلاثِ فليَجعَلْها (^٢) اثنَتَينِ، وإِذا شَكَّ فى الثَّلاثِ والأربَعِ فليَجعَلْها ثَلاثًا، حَتَّى يَكونَ الوَهْمُ فى الزّيادَةِ، ويَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم يُسَلِّمُ\" (^٣).\n\n٣٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يأتِى الشَّيطان أحَدَكُم فى صَلاتِه فيَلبِسُ عليه حَتَّى لا يَدرِى كَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٣/ ١٨٢ من طريق أحمد بن عمير به. وابن حبان (٢٦٦٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"فليجعلهما\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٦١).","vol":"4","page":529},{"text":"صَلَّى، فإِذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم ذَلِكَ فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ ومَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ (^٣)، ورواه ابنُ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فزاد (^٤) فيهِ:\n\n٣٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أبى يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ. بهَذا الحديثِ بإِسنادِه، وزادَ: \"وهو جالِسٌ قبلَ التَّسليمِ\" (^٥).\n\n٣٨٨٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ ونَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فلَم يَدرِ أزادَ أم نَقَصَ فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ ثم ليُسَلِّمْ\".\n\n٣٨٨٨ - أخبرنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٩٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم ١/ ٣٩٨ (٣٨٩/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٠٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٦)، ومسلم ١/ ٣٩٨ (٣٨٩/ ٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٠) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٧٨٢٢) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) كذا فى س، م، والصواب: فزادا.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٠٣١).","vol":"4","page":530},{"text":"حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الزُّهرِىُّ بإِسنادِه وقالَ: \"فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم يُسَلِّمُ\" (^١).\nولابنِ إسحاقَ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ:\n\n٣٨٨٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ والحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. قال: وحَدَّثنا الحسينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ بنُ صَفوانَ بنِ سلمةَ الأنصارِىُّ ثم الزُّرَقِىُّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ خَرَجَ الشَّيطانُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ له حُصاصٌ (^٢)، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ رَجَعَ، فإِذا أقامَ المُؤَذِّنُ خَرَجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ ولَه ضُراطٌ، فإِذا سَكَتَ رَجَعَ، حَتى يأتِىَ المَرءَ المُسلِمَ فى صَلاتِه فيَدخُلَ بَينَه وبَينَ نَفسِه، لا يَدرِى أزادَ فى صَلاتِه أو نَقَصَ، فإِذا وجَدَ ذَلِكَ أحَدُكُم فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم يُسَلِّمُ\" (^٣). ورواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ والأوزاعِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ دونَ هَذِه الزّيادَةِ (^٤)، ورواه عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ عن يَحيَى فذَكَرَها.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٢٣).\n(^٢) الحصاص: شدة العدو وسرعته، ويقال: هو الضراط. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١٨١.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٤. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢١٧) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريج رواية هشام فى (٣٨٥٦)، ورواية الأوزاعى أخرجها البخارى فى (٣٢٨٥).","vol":"4","page":531},{"text":"٣٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الرُّومِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ قالَ: حدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ قالَ: حدَّثَنى أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قالَ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا سَها أحَدُكُم فلَم يَدرِ أزادَ أو نَقَصَ، فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ ثم يُسَلِّمُ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه محمدُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، عن عمرَ بنِ يونُسَ (^١)، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ موافِقٌ لِلرِّوايَةِ الثابتةِ (^٢) عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٣٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ قالَ: قُرِئَ على الحسنِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى اثنَتَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ أوِ العَصرِ، فلمَّا اعتَدَلَ قائمًا لم يَرجِعْ حَتَّى قَضَى صَلاتَه، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم سَلَّمَ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٩٢ - وأخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٤ من طريق محمد بن مرزوق به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٩/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الثانية\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣١) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٢٩١٩)، والنسائى (١١٧٦، ١١٧٧، ١٢٢٢) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتى من طريق مالك فى (٣٩٠٣، ٣٩٠٤).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"بهمدان\". وتقدم فى (٢٢٣٣، ٢٦٥٠)، وسيأتى فى (٤٢٩٥) وغيرها.","vol":"4","page":532},{"text":"بُحَينَةَ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقامَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ قَبلَ أن يَجلِسَ، فمَضَى فى صَلاتِه، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه وانتَظَرَ النّاسُ تَسليمَه كَبَّرَ، فسَجَدَ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه وسَلَّمَ\". رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^١)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ عن الأعرَجِ (^٢).\nفهو حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ لا يَشُكُّ حَديثِىٌّ فى ثُبوتِهِ، والأعرَجُ هو عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرجُ مِن ثِقاتِ المَدَنيّينَ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ بُحَينَةَ هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مالِكِ ابنِ القِشبِ مِن أزدِ شَنوءَةَ، وأُفُه بُحَينَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ، ذكَره البخارىُّ عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، قال البخارىُّ: رَوَى عنه ابنُه علىُّ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا البخارىُّ. فذكَره عن عَلِىٍّ (^٣).\nقال الشافعىُّ ﵀ فى القَديمِ: ابنُ بُحَينَةَ مَعروفٌ بصُحبَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وقَد رَوَى هذا غَيرُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ ابنِ بحَينَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٦٧٠)، ومسلم (٥٧٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢٥)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٧)، وسيأتى فى (٣٩٠٣).\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠، ١١.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٦٩.","vol":"4","page":533},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: قَد رواه الشافعىُّ، ورُويناه فيما مَضَى عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁- عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه (^١)، ورَوَى الشافعىُّ فى القَديمِ عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ مازِنٍ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قالَ: سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ السَّلامِ وبَعدَه، وآخِرُ الأمرَينِ قَبلَ السَّلامِ (^٢). وذكَره أيضًا فى رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ، إلا أنَّ قَولَ الزُّهرِىِّ مُنقَطِعٌ لم يُسنِدْه إلى أحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ، ومُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٩٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ سليمانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-. فذكَر صلاةَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وسَهوَه، ثم قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وكانَ ذَلِكَ قَبلَ بَدرٍ، ثم استَحكَمَتِ الأُمورُ بَعدُ (^٤).\nوهَذا الذى بَلَغَنا عن الزُّهرِىِّ فى هذا المَعنَى، إلا أنَّ الذى حَدَّثَ الزُّهرِىَّ بهَذِه القِصَّةِ لم يَذكُرْ له سُجودَ السَّهوِ، وكانَ يَزعُمُ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- لم يَسجُدْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ يَومَ ذِى اليَدَينِ أو ذِى الشِّمالَينِ على ما نَذكُرُه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٨٧٢).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) هو مطرف بن مازن الكنانى قاضى اليمن. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٩٨، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣١٤، والمجروحين ٣/ ٢٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٢٥، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٤٧.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٤٤١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٦٦)، والنسائى (١٢٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٤٦)، وابن حبان (٢٦٨٥). وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٧٢).","vol":"4","page":534},{"text":"تَعالَى (^١). وقَد أثبَتَ غَيرُه سَجدَتَيه عن أبى سلمةَ وابنِ سيرينَ وأَبِى سُفيانَ عن أبى هريرةَ يَومَ ذِى اليَدَينِ (^٢)، ومَشهورٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فتواه بسُجودِ السَّهوِ قَبلَ السَّلامِ.\n\n٣٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا سِماكُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسهِرٍ عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ مُسهِرٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أخيه عمرِو بنِ مُهاجِرٍ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، أنَّ الزُّهرىِّ قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀: السَّجدَتانِ قبَلَ السَّلامِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-844>بابُ مَن سَها فصَلَّى خَمسًا</span>\n\n٣٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الظُّهرَ خَمسًا، فقيلَ له: أزيدَ فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: \"ما ذاكَ؟ \". فقالوا: صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، وقالَ مَرَّةً: بَعدَما فرَغَ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (٣٩٦٥).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٣٩٦١ - ٣٩٦٤، ٣٩٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ١٧٦ من طريق أبى مسهر به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩١٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠١٩)، والنسائى (١٢٥٣، ١٢٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٦، ١٠٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"4","page":535},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ وقالَ: سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ بَعدَما سَلَّمَ (^١). وهَذا لأنَّه لم يَذكُرْه إلا بَعدَ التَّسليمِ.\n\n٣٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. بإِسنادِه نَحوَه قال: صَلَّى النبىُّ -ﷺ- الظُّهرَ خَمسًا، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قيلَ: أزيدَ فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قالو ا: صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العنبرىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ النَّخَعِى الأعوَرِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا عَلقَمَةُ الظُّهر خَمسًا، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال القَومُ: يا أبا شِبلٍ قَد صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. قال: كَلَّا، ما فعَلتُ. قالوا: بَلَى. قال: وكُنتُ فى ناحيَةِ القَومِ وأَنا غُلامٌ فقُلتُ: بَلَى قَد صلَّيتَ خَمسًا. فقالَ: وأَنتَ أيضًا يا أعوَرُ تَقولُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. فانفَتَلَ فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٢٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩١).","vol":"4","page":536},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَمسًا، فلَمّا انفَتَلَ تَوَشوَشَ (^١) القَومُ بَينَهُم فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَل زيدَ فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قالوا: فقَد صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. فانفَتَلَ ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ ثم قال: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ مِثلُكُم، أنسَى كما تَنسَونَ، فإِذا نَسِىَ أحَدُكُم فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ جَريرٍ، رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ وعَن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ عثمانَ، إلا أنَّه جَعَلَ قَولَه: \"فإِذا نَسِىَ أحَدُكُم فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ\". فى رِوايَةِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ (^٣)، وقَد رواه شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ كما كَتَبتُه.\n\n٣٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ، فلَمّا انفَتَلَ قالوا:\n_________\n(^١) فى س، وابن خزيمة: \"توسوس\". ورواه القاضى عياض بالمعجمة وبالمهملة، وقال: توشوش القوم: تحركوا وهمسوا بعضهم إلى بعض، ومنه وسواس الحلى وهو صوته عند تحركه، ومنه وسوسة الشيطان وهى همسه بإغوائه فى القلوب، قال الخليل: الوسوسة صوتٌ فى اختلاط. وقال النووى: ضبطناه بالشين المعجمة. إكمال المعلم ٢/ ٢٨٩، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ٦٥. وينظر العين ٦/ ٢٩٩ وفيه: \"الوشوشة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢٨٢) عن ابن إدريس به. وأبو داود (١٠٢٢)، والنسائى (١٢٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٦١)، من طريق الحسن بن عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٢).","vol":"4","page":537},{"text":"صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. قال: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ مِثلُكم (^١) أذكُرُ كما تَذكُرونَ، وأنسَى كما تَنسَونَ\". ثم أقبَلَ فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عَونِ ابنِ سلَّامٍ عن أبى بكرٍ النَّهشَلِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٣٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصٌ وأبو مُعاويَةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ بَعدَ السَّلامِ والكَلامِ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٥). قال الشافعىُّ (^٦): وذَلِكَ أنَّه إنَّما ذكَر السَّهوَ بَعدَ الكَلامِ فسأَلَ، فلَمّا استَيقَنَ أنَّه قَد سَها سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ (^٧).\nقال الشيخُ: وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فى حَديثِ الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ النَّخَعِىِّ، ثم فى رِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سوَيدٍ النَّخَعِىِّ عن عَلقَمَةَ، ثم فى رِوايَةِ الأسوَدِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n٣٩٠٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٢٥٨) من طريق النهشلى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٥٨)، والترمذى (٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والنسائى (١٣٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٨) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٥).\n(^٦) فى س: \"الشيخ\".\n(^٧) الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٤.","vol":"4","page":538},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مِنجابُ بنُ الحارِثِ التَّميمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فزادَ أو نَقَصَ -قال إبراهيمَ: والوَهْمُ مِنِّى- فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أزيدَ فى الصَّلاةِ شَئٌ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ أنسَى كما تَنسَونَ، فإِذا نَسِىَ أحَدُكُم فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ\". ثم تَحَوَّلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مِنجابِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢).\nوفى هذا الحديثِ وفِى حَديثِ الأسوَدِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ سُجودَه كان بَعدَ قَولِه: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ\". وقَد مَضَى فى رِوايَةِ مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه -ﷺ- سَجَدَ أوَّلًا، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم أقبَلَ على القَومِ وقالَ ما قالَ. وقَد مَضَى فى هذا البابِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ، وهو أولَى أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا مِن رِوايَةِ مَن تَرَكَ التَّرتيبَ فى حِكايَتِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-845>بابُ مَن سَها فقامَ مِنَ اثنَتَيِن ثم ذكَر قَبلَ أن يَستَتِمَّ (^٣) قائمًا عادَ فجَلَسَ وسَجَدَ لِلسَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٠٣) من طريق عدى بن مسهر به. وأحمد (٤٠٣٢)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٢١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) فى س: \"يستقيم\".","vol":"4","page":539},{"text":"الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا جابِرٌ، حدَّثَنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُبَيلٍ الأحمَسِىُّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قامَ الإمامُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فإِن ذكَر قبلَ أن يَستَتِمَّ قائمًا فليَجلِسْ، وإِنِ استَتَمَّ قائمًا فلا يَجلِسْ، ويَسجُدُ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ\" (^١).\n\n٣٩٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَخامُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ فنَهَضَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ فسَبَّحَ القَومُ فجَلَسَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ وسَجَدنا مَعَه (^٢).\nوهَذا عندَنا على أنَّه لم يَنتَصِبْ قائمًا. ورُوّينا عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه تَحَرَّكَ لِلقيامِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ فسَبَّحوا به، فجَلَسَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ وهو جالِسٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-846>بابُ مَن سَها فلَم يَذكُرْ حَتَّى استَتَمَّ قائمًا لم يَجلِسْ وسَجَدَ لِلسَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى خالِى مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٢٣)، وأبو داود (١٠٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٠٨) من طريق الثورى به. وأحمد (١٨٢٢٢، ١٨٢٣١) من طريق جابر الجعفى به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٧: جابر واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٨٩) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"4","page":540},{"text":"الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ مِن بَعضِ الصَّلَواتِ، ثم قامَ فلَم يَجلِسْ، فقامَ النّاسُ معه، فلَمّا قَضَى صلاتَه ونَظَرْنا تَسليمَه كَبَّرَ، فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ قَبلَ التَّسليمِ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخارىُّ عن ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^٣) المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى اثنَتَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ فلَم يَجلِسْ فيها، فلَمّا قَضَى صلاتَه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثم سَلّمَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٥).\n\n٣٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بن إسحاقَ الأنصارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مالكٍ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٧٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"محمد\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدمت ترجمته فى ١/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٩٦، ٩٧، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٩١).\nوجاء بعده فى س: \"لفظ حديث الشافعى\". وليس الحديث من طريقه.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٢٥)، وتقدم فى (٨٣٩٢).","vol":"4","page":541},{"text":"أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى الشَّفعِ الذى يُريدُ أن يَجلِسَ فى صَلاتِه فمَضَى فى صَلاتِه، فلمَّا كان فى آخِرِ الصَّلاةِ سَجَدَ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ ثم سَلّمَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيع الزَّهرانِىِّ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوّينا مِن حَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁- بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٣٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عامِرٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ فقامَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فسَبَّحوا به فلَم يَجلِسْ، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ، ثم قال: رأَيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوّينا مِن حَديثِ المَسعودِىِّ عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ مِثلَه (^٥)، وحَديثُ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ فى السُّجُودِ قَبلَ السَّلامِ أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا سَعدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١١٧٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٧٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٧٣)، والترمذى (٣٦٤) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح الترمذى (٢٩٩).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (٨٨١).","vol":"4","page":542},{"text":"أبى وقّاصٍ فنَهَضَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فسَبَّحَ به النّاسُ فمَضَى فى صَلاتِه، ثم قال حينَ انصَرَفَ: صَنَعتُ كما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَنَعَ (^١).\nورواه يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى عن أبى مُعاويَةَ وزادَ فيه: ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ حينَ انصَرَفَ.\n\n٣٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذكَر بمَعناه (^٢) ورواه بَيانٌ عن قَيسٍ فوَقَفَه على سَعدٍ (^٣).\n\n٣٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إدريسُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ شُمَاسَةَ (^٤) المَهرِىَّ يقولُ: صَلَّى بنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىُّ، فقامَ وعَلَيه جُلوسٌ، فقالَ النّاسُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! فلَم يَجلِسْ ومَضَى على قيامِه، فلَمّا كان فى آخِرِ صَلاتِه سَجَدَ [سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ] (^٥) وهو جالِسٌ، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُكُم آنِفًا تَقولونَ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! لِكَيما أجلِسَ، لَكِنِ السُّنَّةُ الذى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٣٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٨: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٢، ٣٢٣، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٨٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٥٢٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٤١ من طريق بيان به.\n(^٤) ضبطه النووى فى تهذيب الأسماء واللغات ١/ ٥٣٦ بفتح الشين وضمها، وضبطه ابن حجر فى تقريب التهذيب ١/ ٤٨٤ بكسر الشين، وقد ضبطناه بالضم كما فى الأصل.\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.","vol":"4","page":543},{"text":"صَنَعتُ (^١).\nورُوّينا ذَلِكَ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- (^٢)، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-847>بابُ مَن سَها فجَلَسَ فى الأُولَى</span>\n\n٣٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المُطَّوِّعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِىُّ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الوُحاظِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ العَنسِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن سالِمِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن أبيه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا سَهوَ فى وثبَةِ الصَّلاةِ إلا قيامٌ عن جُلوسٍ، أو جُلوسٌ عن قيامٍ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ الدّارِمِىِّ، وفى حَديثِ الآمُلِىُّ (٣): حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ. وهَذا حَديثٌ يَنفَرِدُ به أبو بكرٍ العَنسِىُّ، وهو مَجهولٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٤٠)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣١٤ (٨٨٦) من طريق بكر بن مضر به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٥٣٥)، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٤٨٧، ٣٤٨٩).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الأيلى\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٤، وصححه، وعنده: \"وجلوس\" مكان: \"أو جلوس\". وفى المهذب للذهبى وتلخيص المستدرك كما أثبتناها. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٧ من طريق يحيى بن صالح به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٨: خبر منكر، وقد روى عن العنسى أيضًا عن بقية.\n(^٥) هو أبو بكر العنسى، وجاء عند ابن عدى: أبو بكر العقيلى. ووقع فى أثناء الترجمة: العبسى بالباء =","vol":"4","page":544},{"text":"٣٩١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ قال: حدَّثَنى خُصَيفٌ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- أنَّه قالَ: السَّهوُ إذا قامَ فيما يُجلَسُ فيه، أو قَعَدَ فيما يُقامُ فيه، أو سَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، فإِنَّه يَفرُغُ مِن صَلاتِه ويَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، يَتَشَهَّدُ فيهِما ويُسَلِّمُ (^١).\n\n٣٩١٢ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ الفَقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرنا ثابِتٌ قالَ: صَلَّى بنا أنَسٌ، فقامَ فيما يَنبَغِى له أن يَقعُدَ، أو قَعَدَ فيما يَنبَغِى له أن يَقومَ، فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، وحَدَّثَ عن أصحابِه أنَّهُم كانوا يَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-848>بابُ مَن سَها فتَرَكَ رُكنًا عادَ إلى ما تَرَكَ حَتَّى يأتِىَ بالصَّلاةِ على التَّرتيبِ</span>\nفقَد صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الصَّلاةَ مُرَتبةً، وقالَ فى حَديثِ مالِكِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ: \"صَلّوا كما رأيتُمونِى أُصَلِّى\".\n_________\n= الموحدة، قال ابن عدى: مجهول، له أحاديث مناكير عن الثقات. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب: مجهول. . . وأنا أحسب أنه ابن أبى مريم. ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٥٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٥٤، والكاشف للذهبى ٣/ ٢٧٨، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٢/ ٤٤، والتقريب ٢/ ٤٠١.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤٩١)، والطبرانى (٩٣٦٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) الجعديات (١٣٧٩).","vol":"4","page":545},{"text":"٣٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سليمانَ مالِكُ بنُ الحوَيرِثِ -﵁- قال: قال لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"صَلّوا كما رأيتُمونِى أُصَلِّى، فإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم أحَدُكُم، وليَؤُمَّكُم أكبَرُكُم\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٢).\n\n٣٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمِّه رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ أنَّه كان جالِسًا عندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ رجلٌ فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَى القَومِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وعَلَيكَ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". قال: فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى، فجَعَلنا نَرمُقُ صَلاتَه لا نَدرِى ما يَعيبُ مِنها، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَى القَومِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". وذكَر ذَلِكَ إمّا مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: ما أدرِى ما عِبتَ عَلَىَّ مِن صَلاتِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّها لا تَتِمُّ صَلاةُ أحَدِكُم حَتَّى يُسبِغَ الوُضوءَ كما أمَرَه اللَّه تعالَى، يَغسِلُ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ، ويَمسَحُ برأسِه ورِجلَيه\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١٥٨. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٩٧، ٥٨٦) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٢٤٦).","vol":"4","page":546},{"text":"إلى الكَعبَينِ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ ويَحمَدُ اللَّهَ ويُمَجِّدُه، ويَقرأُ مِنَ القُرآنِ ما أذِنَ اللَّهُ له فيه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ فيَركَعُ، ويَضَعُ كَفَّيه على رُكبَتَيه حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ مَفاصِلُه فيَستَوِىَ، ثم يقولُ: سمِع اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، ويَستَوِى قائمًا حَتَّى يأخُذَ كُل عُضوٍ مأخَذَه، ثم يُقيمُ صُلبَه، ثم يُكَبِّرُ فيَسجُدُ فيُمَكِّنُ جَبهَتَه مِنَ الأرضِ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ مَفاصِلُه ويَستَوِىَ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ فيَرفَعُ رأسَه ويَستَوِى قاعِدًا على مَقعَدَته، ويُقيمُ صُلبَه\". فوَصَفَ الصَّلاةَ هَكَذا حَتَّى فرَغَ ثم قال: \"لا تَتِمُّ صَلاةُ أحَدِكُم حَتَّى يَفعَلَ ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-849>بابُ مَن شَكَّ فى فِعلِ ما أُمِرَ بهِ</span>\n\n٣٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الحسنِ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم على شَكٍّ مِن صَلاتِه فى النُّقصانِ فليُصَلِّ حَتَّى يَكونَ على الشَّكِّ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ\" (^٢).\nوقَد مَضى مَعناه فى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وابنِ عمرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵃- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٦٨٥).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٣٤٧٦). وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٦٤) من طريق أخرى عن الزهرى. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٧٩: إسماعيل واه.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٨٥٧، ٣٨٥٩، ٣٨٦٠، ٣٨٦٥ - ٣٨٦٨).","vol":"4","page":547},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-850>بابُ مَن كَثُرَ عليه السَّهوُ فى صَلاتِه فسَجدَتا السَّهوِ تَجزيانِ عِن ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ</span>\n\n٣٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وحَجّاجٌ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ (^١) الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ -وأَكبَرُ ظَنِّى نَّه قال: الظُّهر- فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، وقامَ إلى خَشَبَةٍ فى مُقَدَّمِ المَسجِدِ وهو غَضبانُ -ولَم يَذكُرْ حَجاج: وهو غَضبانُ- فوَضَعَ يَدَه عَلَيها، وفى القَومِ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄-، فهاباه أن يُكَلَّماه، وخَرَجَ سَرَعانُ (^٢) النّاسِ فقالوا: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ؟ وفى النّاسِ رجلٌ كان يَدعوه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بذِى اليَدَينِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أنَسيتَ أم قُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ؟ فقالَ: \"لم أنسَ ولَم تُقصَرِ الصَّلاةُ\". فقالَ: بَلَى نَسيتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"صَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فَصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثم كَبَّرَ، فسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه وكَبَّرَ، ثم وضَعَ رأسَه فكَبَّرَ، ثم سَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه وكَبَّرَ (^٣). واللَّفظُ لِسُلَيمانَ. رواه\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"العشاء\"\n(^٢) قال ابن حجر: بفتح المهملات، ومنهم من سكن الراء، وحكى عياض أن الأصيلى ضبطه بضم ثم إسكان كأنه جمع سريع ككثيب وكثبان، والمراد بهم: أوائل الناس خروجًا من المسجد وهم أصحاب الحاجات غالبا. فتح البارى ٣/ ١٠٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٨٥ من طريق حجاج به. وأبو عوانة (١٩١٤) من طريق يزيد به. وسيأتى فى (٣٩٤٩). وفيه: أقصرت الصلاة؟ مرتان.","vol":"4","page":548},{"text":"البخارى فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ إلا أنَّه قال: وأَكثَرُ ظَنِّى العَصرُ. وقالَ: ثم سَلَّمَ ثم كَبَّرَ (^١).\n\n٣٩١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدَّثَنا حَكيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَنا التَّرجُمانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَكيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَجدَتا السَّهوِ تَجزيانِ مِن كُلِّ زيادَةٍ ونُقصانٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المالينِىِّ، وفى حَديثِ ابنِ عَبدانَ: \"سَجدَتا السَّهوِ لِكُلِّ زيادَةٍ ونُقصانِ\" (^٢). وهَذا الحَديثُ يُعَدُّ من أفرادِ حَكيمِ بنِ نافِعٍ الرَّقِّىِّ، وكانَ يَحيَى ابنُ مَعينٍ يوَثِّقُه (^٣)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-851>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ شَيئًا مِن تَكبيراتِ الانتِقالاتِ لم يَسجُدْ [سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ]</span> (^٤)\n\n٣٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عِمرانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٢٩، ٦٠٥١).\n(^٢) الكامل ٢/ ٦٣٩. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٥٩٢)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥١٣٣) من طريق إسماعيل ابن إبراهيم الترجمانى به.\n(^٣) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ١٢٧. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٨٠: قال أبو زرعة: ليس بشئ.\n(^٤) فى س: \"للسهو\".","vol":"4","page":549},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فكانَ لا يُتِمُّ التَّكبيرَ (^١).\nوهَذا عندَنا مَحمولٌ على أنَّه -ﷺ- سَها عنه فلَم يَسجُدْ لَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-852>بابُ مَن سَها عن القراءةِ</span>\n\n٣٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يحيى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ المَغرِبَ فلَم يَقرأْ فيها، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قيلَ له: ما قَرأتَ. قال: فكَيفَ كان الرُّكوعُ والسُّجودُ؟ قالوا: حَسَنًا. قال: فلا بأسَ إذن (^٢).\nوهَذا على قَولِ الشافعىِّ فى القَديمِ مَحمولٌ على القراءةِ الواجِبَةِ. قال الشافعىُّ: ولَم يُذكَرْ أنَّه سَجَدَ لِلسَّهوِ ولَم يُعِدِ الصَّلاةَ، فإِنَّما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَينَ ظَهرَىِ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهو مَحمولٌ عندَنا على قراءةِ السُّورَةِ، أو على الإِسرارِ بالقراءةِ فيما كان يَنبَغِى له أن يَجهَرَ بها. ثم قَد رُوِى عن عمرَ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٣٨٣). وتقدم فى (٢٥٣٨).\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٤٠٣٧). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٨٠: أبو سلمة عن عمر منقطع.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (١١٤٣).","vol":"4","page":550},{"text":"أعادَها، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فى بابِ أقَلِّ ما يُجزِئُ إنَّ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-853>بابُ مَن جَهَرَ بالقراءةِ فيما حَقُّه الإِسرارُ لم يَسجُدْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هِشام، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، ويُسمِعُنا الآيَةَ أحيانًا، ويُطيلُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى ويُقَصِّرُ فى الثّانيَةِ، ويَقرأُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبى، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أبى قَتادَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَقرأُ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وسورَتَينِ مَعَها فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ وصَلاةِ العَصرِ، ويُسمِعُنا الآيَةَ أحيانًا، وكانَ يطيلُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (٤٠٣٨ - ٤٠٤١) فى باب من قال: تسقط القراءة عمن نسى، ومن قال: لا تسقط.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٦٢٦). وتقدم فى (٢٥١٣، ٢٥٢٢ - ٢٥٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٩٧)، والنسائى (٩٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠٧)، وابن حبان (١٨٣١) من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"4","page":551},{"text":"آخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^١).\nورُوّينا عن أبى عبدِ اللَّه الصُّنابِحِىِّ أنَّه سمِع أبا بكر الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- قرأَ فى الثّالِثَةِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ بـ \"أُمِّ القُرآنِ\" وبِهَذِه الآيَةِ ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٨] (^٢).\n\n٣٩٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافعىُّ ﵀ حِكايَةً عن عبدِ الرحمنِ ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّه يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ. قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: وهَذا عندَنا لا يُوجِبُ سَهوًا (^٣).\n\n٣٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، أنَّه جَهَرَ بالقراءةِ فى الظُّهرِ أوِ العَصرِ -شَكَّ داوُدُ- فسَبَّحَ النّاسُ فمَضَى، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: إنَّ فى كُلِّ صَلاةٍ قراءةً، وما حَمَلَنى على ذَلِكَ خِلافُ السُّنَّةِ، ولَكِنِّى قَرأتُ ناسيًا، فكَرِهتُ أن أقطَعَ القراءةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٧٨)، ومسلم (٤٥١/ ١٥٥).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٥١٧).\n(^٣) الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٥٨) من طريق داود به بنحوه.","vol":"4","page":552},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن قَتادَةَ أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ جَهَرَ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ فلَم يَسجُدْ (^١). وعَن خَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ بنَحوٍ مِن ذَلِكَ، ورُوِى فيه عن عمرَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-854>بابُ مَنِ التَفَتَ فى صَلاتِه لم يَسجُدْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ فى ذَهابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى بنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ وصَلاةِ أبى بكرٍ، ومَجِئِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وتَصفيقِ النّاسِ، قال: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ لا يَلتَفِتُ فى الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا أكثَرَ النّاسُ التَّصفيقَ التَفَتَ. فذكَر الحديثَ وفى آخِرِه: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما لِي رأيتُكُم (^٣) أكثَرتُمُ التَّصفيحَ؟! مَن نابَه شَئٌ فى صَلاتِه فليُسَبِّحْ فإِنَّه إذا سَبَّحَ التُفِتَ إلَيه، وإِنَّما التَّصفيحُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٤).\nورُوّينا فيما مَضَى عن جابِرٍ قال: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فصَلَّينا وراءَه وهو قاعِدٌ، فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فرآنا قيامًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٦٤) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٥٦، ٣٦٥٧، ٣٦٦١)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (١٦٣٨، ١٦٤٠).\n(^٣) فى س: \"أراكم\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٣٧٣)، وسيأتى فى (٥٣٧١).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٨٢، ٣٤٦٢).","vol":"4","page":553},{"text":"٣٩٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سلَّامٍ، عن زَيدٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا سلَّامٍ قال: حدَّثَنى السَّلولِىُّ، عن سَهلِ ابنِ الحَنظَليَّةِ قال: ثُوِّبَ بالصَّلاةِ، يَعنى صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى وهو يَلتَفِتُ إلى الشِّعبِ (^١). قالَ أبو داودَ: يعنى: وكانَ أرسَلَ فارِسًا إلى الشَّعبِ مِنَ اللَّيلِ يَحرُسُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-855>بابُ مَن فكَّرَ فى صَلاتِه أو حَدَّثَ نَفسَه بشَئٍ لم يَسجُدْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^٣) المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مالكٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُجوِّزَ لأُمَّتِى عَمّا وسوَسَت به أنفُسَها -أو: حَدَّثَت به أنفُسَها- ما لم تَكَلَّم به أو تَعمَلْ به\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٩١٦، ٢٥٠١). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٨٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٧) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به. وتقدم فى (٢٢٥٢، ٢٢٨٣)، وسيأتى فى (١٨٤٨٧). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨١٠، ٢١٨٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩١٦). دون قوله: يعنى.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"الصفار\". وحذف هذه النسبة هو الصواب كما فى شعب الإيمان للمصنف. وينظر ترجمته فى تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٧٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨١.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٧٠) من طريق يزيد به. والنسائى (٣٤٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٤٤) من طريق مسعر به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٣١١).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٥٢٨، ٦٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠٢).","vol":"4","page":554},{"text":"٣٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُقبَة بنِ الحارِثِ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- العَصرَ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قامَ سَريعًا، فدَخَلَ على بَعضِ نِسائِه، ثم خَرَجَ ورأَى ما فى وُجوه القَومِ مِن تَعَجُّبِهِم لِسُرعَتِه قال: \"ذَكَرتُ وأنا فى الصَّلاةِ تِبرًا عندَنا، فكَرِهتُ أن يُمسِىَ أويَبيتَ عندَنا، فأمَرتُ بقِسمَتِه\" (^١)، رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إنِّى لأحسُبُ جِزيَةَ البحرَينِ وأَنا قائمٌ فى الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-856>بابُ مَن نَظَرَ فى صَلاتِه إلى ما يُلهيه لم يَسجُدْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى خَميصَةٍ لَها أعلامٌ، فقالَ: \"شَغَلَتنِى هَذِه الأعلامُ، اذهَبوا بها إلى أبى جَهمِ، وأْتونِى\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٦١٥١). وأخرجه البخارى (٨٥١، ١٤٣٠)، والنسائى (١٣٦٤) من طريق عمر بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٠٢٥).","vol":"4","page":555},{"text":"بالأنبِجانِىِّ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢). وقالَ يونُسُ عن الزُّهرِىُّ: \"فإِنَّها ألهَتنِى فى صَلاتِى\" (^٣).\n\n٣٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الحسينِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ بخُسرَوجِردَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ الحسينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبى عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمَّه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أهدَى أبو جَهمِ بنُ حُذَيفَةَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَميصَةً شاميَّةً لَها عَلَمٌ، فشَهدَ فيها الصَّلاةَ، فلمَّا انصرَفَ قال: \"رُدُوا هَذِه الخَميصَةَ إلى أبى جَهمٍ، فإِنِّى نَظَرتُ إلى عَلَمِها فى الصَّلاةِ، فكادَ يَفتِنُنِى\" (^٤).\nقال الشافعىُّ: فلَم نَعلَمْه سَجَدَ لِلسَّهوِ، ونَظَرَ أبو طَلحَةَ إلى حائطٍ (^٥) فذكَر ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فلَم نَعلَمْه أمَرَه أن يَسجُدَ لِلسَّهوِ.\n\n٣٩٣٠ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ الأنصارِىَّ كان يُصَلِّى فى حائطٍ له فطارَ دبسِىٌّ (^٦)، فطَفِقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٧٧٠) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٥٧٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٥٢)، ومسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٩٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٥). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٨٣: إسناده قوى.\n(^٥) الحائط: البستان من النخيل إذا كان عليه حائط، وهو الجدار. النهاية ١/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٦) الدبسى: بفتح الدال وبضمها، طائر صغير منسوب إلى دبس الرطب، وهو قسم من الحمام البرى. وقيل: هو ذكر اليمام. حياة الحيوان للدميرى ١/ ٤٦٦.","vol":"4","page":556},{"text":"يَتَرَدَّدُ يَلتَمِسُ مَخرَجًا فأَعجَبَه ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلَ يُتبِعُه بَصرَه ساعَةً، ثم رَجَعَ إلى صَلاتِه، فإِذا هو لا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى، فقالَ: لَقَد أصابَنِى فى مالِى هذا فِتنَةٌ. فجاءَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذكَر له الذى أصابَه فى حائطِه مِنَ الفِتنَةِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هو صَدَقَةٌ، فضَعْه حَيثُ شِئتَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-857>بابُ مَن نَسِىَ القُنوتَ سَجَدَ لِلسَّهوِ، قياسًا على ما رُوّينا فيمَن قامَ مِنَ اثنَتَينِ فلَم يَجلِسْ</span>\n\n٣٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عِمرانَ القَطّانِ، عن الحسنِ، فيمَن نَسِىَ القُنوتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قال: عليه سَجدَتا السَّهوِ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فيمَنَ نَسِىَ القُنوتَ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قال: عليه سَجدَتا السَّهوِ (^٣).\n\n٣٩٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحسنِ قال: مَن نَسِىَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٩٨، ومن طريقه ابن المبارك فى الزهد (٥٢٦)، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٤١٦. قال ابن عبد البر: لا أعلمه يروى من غير هذا الوجه وهو منقطع. التمهيد ٩/ ٤٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤١ من طريق إبراهيم بن مرزوق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤١ من طريق العباس بن الوليد به.","vol":"4","page":557},{"text":"القُنوتَ فى الوِترِ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ. قالَ سُفيانُ ﵀: وبِه نأخُذُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-858>بابُ مَن لم يَرَ السُّجودَ فى تَركِ القُنوتِ</span>\n\n٣٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبيه قالَ: صلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الفَجرَ فلَم يَقنُتْ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِىُّ قال: سأَلتُ أبى عن القُنوتِ فقالَ: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃-، فلَم أرَ أحَدًا مِنهُم فعَلَه قَطُّ (^٣).\n\n٣٩٣٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ وعَمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره محمد بن نصر المروزى فى مختصر الوتر ص ١٤١، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط ٥/ ٢١٨ عن الحسن وسفيان معلقا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى (٨٥٥) عن أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٨٤: إسناده قوى.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٧٩)، والترمذى (٤٠٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (٢٧٢٠٩)، والترمذى (٤٠٣)، والنسائى (١٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤١) من طريق أبى مالك الأشجعى به.","vol":"4","page":558},{"text":"مَيمونٍ قالا: صَلَّينا خَلفَ عمرَ الفَجرَ فلَم يَقنُتْ (^١).\nوقَد رُوّينا فى بابِ القُنوتِ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم عن الخُلَفاءِ بَعدَه أنَّهُم قَنَتوا فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ. ومَشهورٌ عن عمرَ مِن أوجُهٍ صَحيحَةٍ أنَّه كان يَقنُتُ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٢)، فلَئن تَرَكوه فى بَعضِ الأحايينِ سَهوًا أو عَمدًا دَلَّ ذَلِكَ على كَونِه غَيرَ واجِبٍ، وحينَ لم يُنقَلْ عن أحَدٍ مِنهُم أنَّه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ لِذَلِكَ، دَلَّ على أنَّه لا سُجودَ فى السَّهوِ عنه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-859>بابُ مَن سَها عن سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ حَتَّى انصَرَفَ</span>\n\n٣٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا شاذانُ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربِ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنًّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الظُّهرَ خَمسًا، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قيلَ: أزيدَ فى الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قالوا: صَلَّيتَ خَمسًا. فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ سليمانَ، ولَم يَذكُرْ شاذانُ الظُّهرَ، وقالَ: [فلَمّا انصَرَفَ. وقالَ: فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ] (^٣) (^٤). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣١٥٨).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣١٥٠ - ٣١٥٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"فسجد سجدتين\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٩٥).","vol":"4","page":559},{"text":"شُعبَةَ كما مَضَى (^١). ورُوّينا مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ أتَمُّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n٣٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ نُبيطٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ فى بَيتِى فسَهَوتُ، ثم أتَيتُ الضَّحّاكَ يَعنِى ابنَ مُزاحِمٍ، فقُلتُ له: إنِّى صَلَّيتُ فى بَيتِى فسَهَوتُ. فقالَ: اسجُدِ الآنَ (^٣).\n\n٣٩٣٩ - وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ البُزارىُّ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسينِ الغازِى، حدَّثَنا أبو حَفصٍ عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ، عن الحسنِ قال: إذا سَها فى المسجِدِ فلَم يَسجُدْ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فلَيسَ عليه شَئٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-860>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ نافِلَةٌ</span>\n\n٣٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدَّثَنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٢٦)، ومسلم (٥٧٢/ ٩١).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٨٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٥٤٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٥١١) عن سلمة بن نبيط.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الشيرازى\". وهو أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن أحمد بن محمد البزارى ويقال: الأبزارى. وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٣٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٥٢. وسيأتى أنه بالزاى الفارسية المنقوطة بثلاث نقاط فوق وهى تنطق كحرف الجيم المعطش الرخو وليس الشديد كما فى الفصحى. ينظر (١١٩٥٤، ١٤٨٠٦).","vol":"4","page":560},{"text":"عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُم فى صَلاتِه فليُلقِ الشَّكَّ وليَبنِ على اليَقينِ، فإِذا استَيقَنَ التَّمامَ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ (^١)، فإِن كانَت صَلاتُه تامَّةً كانَتِ الرَّكعَةُ نافِلَةً والسَّجدَتانِ، وإِن كانَت ناقِصَةً كانَتِ الرَّكعَةُ تَمامًا لِصَلاِته، وكانَتِ السَّجدَتانِ مُرغِمَتَى الشَّيطانِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-861>بابُ مَن سَها خَلفَ الإِمامِ دونَه لم يَسجُدْ لِلسَّهوِ</span>\nقَد مَضى حَديثُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ وكَلامُه خَلفَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- جاهِلًا بتَحريمِه، ثم لم يأمُرْه النبىُّ -ﷺ- بسُجودِ السَّهوِ (^٣). ورُوِى فى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وهو قَولُ الشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ والزُّهرِىِّ وغَيرِهِم (^٤).\n\n٣٩٤١ - وقَد رُوِى فيه حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ، أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُستَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ داودَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن أبى الحسينِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال. جاءَ جُبَيرُ بنُ مُطعِمٍ إلى ابنِ عمرَ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ، كَيفَ قال أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرُ فى الإمامِ يَؤُمُّ القَومَ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عمرَ: قال عُمَرُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الإمامَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س: \"للسهو\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٢٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٢٣) عن محمد بن العلاء به مقرونًا بعبد اللَّه بن سعيد الأشج. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٩٠٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٣٩٥).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٢/ ٣١٥، ٣١٦، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٢/ ٤٣٨.","vol":"4","page":561},{"text":"يَكفِى مَن وراءَه، فإن سَها الإمامُ فعَلَيه سَجَدَتا السَّهوِ، وعَلَى مَن وراءَه أن يَسجُدوا معه، وإِن سَها أحَدٌ مِمَّن خَلفَه، فلَيسَ عليه أن يَسجُدَ والإِمامُ يَكفيه\" (^١).\nورَوَى خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ عن أبى الحسينِ المَدينِىِّ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه عن عمرَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه (^٢).\nوأبو الحسينِ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٣)، والحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ ميناءَ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: سُترَةُ الإمامِ سُترَةٌ لمن خَلفَه قَلُّوا أو كَثُروا، وهو يَحمِلُ أوهامَهُم (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-862>بابُ الإمامِ يَسهو فيَسجُدُ ويَسجُدُ مَن خَلفَه</span>\nلِقَولِه -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما الإمامُ ليؤتَمَّ به فلا تَختَلِفوا عليه\" (^٦).\n\n٣٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ\n_________\n(^١) قال الألبانى فى السلسلة الضعيفة (٢٩٨٣): موضوع.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٧٧ من طريق خارجة به. وقال ابن حجر فى التلخيص ٢/ ٦: وفيه خارجة بن مصعب وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى: لا يعرف. ميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٥١٥، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٨٤٢).\n(^٥) ذكره ابن رجب فى فتح البارى له ٤/ ١٢ عن عبد الرحمن بن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٣٠٩، ٢٩٣٠) من حديث أبى هريرة، وفى (٢٦٥٧) من حديث أنس، وفى =","vol":"4","page":562},{"text":"القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعَمرُو ابنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَهُم، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ الأعرَجِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ بُحَينَةَ حدَّثه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى اثنَتَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ فلَم يَجلِسْ، فلَمّا قَضَى صلاتَه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، يُكَبِّرُ فى كُلِّ سَجدَةٍ وهو جالِسٌ قَبلَ السَّلامِ، وسَجَدَهُما النّاسُ معه مَكانَ ما نَسِىَ مِنَ الجُلوسِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-863>بابُ المَسبوقِ ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ يُتِمُّ باقِىَ صَلاتِه، ولا يَسجُدُ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ إذا لم يَسهُ هو ولا الإمامُ، لِقَولِه -ﷺ-: \"ما أدرَكتم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأتِمّوا</span>\" (^٤).\n\n٣٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ ثَورٍ الجُذامِىُّ وابنُ أبى مَريَمَ قالا: حدَّثَنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عمرِو بنِ وهبٍ،\n_________\n= (٢٩٢٩) من حديث أبى موسى.\n(^١) ابن وهب (٤٥٨)، ومن طريقه النسائى (١٢٦٠) بدون ذكر مالك.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٣٠)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٥). وتقدم عقب (٣٨٧٠).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٩٣٧، ٣٦٦٠، ٣٦٦٨ - ٣٦٧٣) من حديث أبى هريرة، وفى (٣٦٧٥) من حديث أبى قتادة.","vol":"4","page":563},{"text":"عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: انتَهَيتُ أنا ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وقَد صَلَّى بالنّاسِ رَكعَةً، فذَهَبَ يَستأخِرُ، فأَشارَ إلَيه أنِ اثبُتْ، فصلَّينا ما أدرَكْنا وقَضينا ما سُبِقْنا بهِ (^١).\n\n٣٩٤٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ وعَن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ قال: تَخَلَّفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذكَر قِصَّةً قال: فأَتَينا النّاسَ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ يُصَلِّى بهِمُ الصُّبحَ، فلَما رأَى النبىَّ -ﷺ- أرادَ أن يَتأَخَّرَ، فأَومأَ إلَيه أن يَمضِىَ. قال: فصلَّيتُ أنا والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- خَلفَه رَكعَةً، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ قامَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى الرَّكعَةَ الَّتِى سُبِقَ بها ولَم يَزِدْ عَلَيها شَيئًا. قالَ أبو داودَ: أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ وابنُ عمرَ وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ يَقولونَ: مَن أدرَكَ الفَردَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ عليه سَجدَتا السَّهوِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أولَى أن يُتَّبَعَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-864>بابُ سُجودِ السَّهوِ [فى السهوِ] (^٣) فى التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\nرُوِى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤٢٦ (١٠٣٢). وأخرجه النسائى (١٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٥) من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (١٨١٣٤) من طريق ابن سيرين به. وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٠٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٢).\n(^٣) ليس فى: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر ٣/ ٣٢٥ (١٧١٣).","vol":"4","page":564},{"text":"٣٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى جاءَه الشَّيطانُ فلَبَسَ عليه، حَتّى لا يَدرِى كَم صَلَّى، فإِذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُم ذَلِكَ فليَسجُدْ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-865>باب: كَيفَ يَسجُدُ لِلسَّهوِ إذا سَجَدَهُما قَبلَ السَّلامِ</span>؟\n\n٣٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، اخبرنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ وابنُ رُمحٍ (^٣) قالا: حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ الأَسْدِىِّ (^٤) حَليفِ بنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ (^٥)، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٣٠) عن القعنبى به، وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٥٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٣٢)، ومسلم ١/ ٣٩٨ (٣٨٩/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) فى س: \"جريج\".\n(^٤) بسكون السين، فهو من أزد شنوءة. ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٨٤٢)، والأنساب ١/ ١٣٧.\n(^٥) كذا فى س، م، والصواب أنه حليف بنى المطلب لا بنى عبد المطلب. ينظر طبقات ابن سعد =","vol":"4","page":565},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ فى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ وعَلَيه جُلوسٌ، فلَمّا أتَمَّ صَلاتَه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ يُكَبِّرُ فى كُلِّ سَجدَةٍ وهو جالِسٌ قَبلَ أن يُسَلِّمَ، وسَجَدَهُما النّاسُ معه مَكانَ ما نَسِىَ مِنَ الجُلوسِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ إلا أنَّ أبا عمرٍو لم يَقُل: الأسْدِىَّ. ولا: حَليفَ بنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٤٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ هُرمُزَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَها عن قُعودٍ قامَ عنه. قال: فانتَظَرْنا سَلامَه فكَبَّرَ ثم سَجَدَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ رأسَه، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ رأسَه ثم سَلَّمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-866>باب: كيفَ يَسجُدُ لِلسَّهوِ إذا سَجَدَهُما بَعدَ السَّلامِ</span>؟\n\n٣٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ الظُّهر أوِ العَصرَ -وأَكبَرُ ظَنِّى أنَّه قال: الظُّهرَ- فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، وقامَ إلى خَشَبَةٍ فى مُقَدَّمِ\n_________\n= ٤/ ٣٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٥٠٨.\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٩) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (٣٩٤٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٣٠)، ومسلم (٥٧٠/ ٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ١٨١ من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"4","page":566},{"text":"المَسجِدِ وهو غَضبانُ، فوَضَعَ يَدَه عَلَيها، وفى النّاسِ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ، فهاباه أن يُكَلِّماه، وخَرَجَ سَرَعانُ النّاسِ فقالوا: أقُصرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، وفى النّاسِ رجلٌ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدعوه: ذو اليَدَينِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنَسيتَ أُم قُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ؟ فقالَ: \"لم أنسَ ولَم تُقصَرِ الصَّلاةُ\". قال: بَل نَسيتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"صَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فكَبَّرَ، ثم وضَعَ رأسَه فكَبَّرَ، ثم سَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه وكَبَّرَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عمرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ إلا أنَّه قال: وأَكثَرُ ظَنِّى أنَّها العَصرُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-867>بابُ مَن قال: يُكَبِّرُ ثم يُكَبِّرُ ويَسجُدُ</span>\n\n٣٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ وهِشامٍ ويَحيَى بنِ عَتيقٍ وابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصةِ ذِى اليَدَينِ، أنَّه كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ. قالَ هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حَسّانَ: كَبَّرَ ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ (^٣).\nتَفَرَّدَ به حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن هِشامٍ، وسائرُ الرُّواةِ عن ابنِ سيرينَ ثم سائرُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٩١٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢٩، ٦٠٥١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠١١). وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١٦): شاذ.","vol":"4","page":567},{"text":"الرُّواةِ عن هِشام بنِ حَسّانَ لم يَحفَظوا (^١) التَّكبيرَةَ الأولَى، وحَفِظَها (^٢) حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-868>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَلِّمُ عن سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ الاسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى صلاتَى العَشِىِّ، إمّا الظُّهر وإِمّا العَصرَ، رَكعَتَينِ -وأَكبَرُ ظَنِّى أنَّها العَصرُ- ثم انصَرَفَ إلى جِذعٍ فى المَسجِدِ فاستَنَدَ إلَيه وهو مُغضَبٌ، فخَرَجَ سَرَعانُ النّاسِ يَقولونَ: قُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ! قَصرَتِ الصَّلاة! وفى القَومِ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- فهاباه أن يُكَلِّماه، فقامَ ذو اليَدَينِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أقُصرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما يقولُ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فقالوا: صَدَقَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. فصَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ كَسُجودِه الأوَّلِ أو أطوَلَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فرَفَعَ. قال محمدٌ: وأُخبِرتُ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أنَّه قال: وسَلَّمَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"يحفظ\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"حفظهما\".\n(^٣) الحميدى (٩٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٧٤) عن سفيان به مختصرًا.","vol":"4","page":568},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٣٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدَّثَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁- قال: سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ مِنَ العَصرِ، ثم قامَ فدَخَلَ الحُجرَةَ، فقامَ رجلٌ بَسيطُ اليَدَينِ فقالَ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فخَرَجَ مُغضَبًا، فصَلَّى الرَّكعَةَ الَّتِى كان تَرَكَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ ثم سَلَّمَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ إلا أنَّه قال: فصَلَّى الرَّكعَةَ الَّتِى كان تَرَكَ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الشافعىُّ ﵀ عن عبدِ الوهَّاب قال: ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وجَماعَةٌ عن خالِدٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-869>بابُ مَن قال: يَتَشَهَّدُ بَعدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ ثم يُسَلِّمُ</span>\n\n٣٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٧٣/ ٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (١٢٧٠) من طريق إسحاق به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٧٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٧٤/ ١٠٢).\n(^٤) الشافعى ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٥) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٣٩٦٩) من طريق ابن علية ويزيد بن زريع عن خالد.","vol":"4","page":569},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الوَزيرِ التّاجِرُ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ الملِكِ الحُمرانِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- تَشَهَّدَ فى سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ ثم سَلَّمَ (^١).\n\n٣٩٥٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ [بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٢) بنِ المُثَنَّى. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِم، فسَها فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثم تَشَهَّدَ بَعدُ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به أشعَثُ الحُمرانِىُّ.\nوقَد رواه شُعبَةُ ووُهَيبٌ (^٤) وابنُ عُلَيَّةَ والثَّقَفِىُّ وهُشَيمٌ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ ويَزيدُ ابنُ زُرَيعٍ وغَيرُهُم عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ (^٥)، لم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُم ما ذكَر أشعَثُ عن محمدٍ عنه، ورواه أيّوبُ عن محمدٍ قال: أُخبِرتُ عن عِمرانَ. فذكَر السَّلامَ دونَ التَّشَهُّدِ (^٦). وفى رِوايَةِ هُشَيمٍ ذكَر التَّشَهُّدَ قَبلَ السَّجدَتَينِ، وذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٦٢) عن أبى حاتم به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٣٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٩٥)، والنسائى (١٢٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٦٢) عن محمد ابن يحيى به، وليس عند النسائى ذكر التشهد، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٦٠) من طريق شعبة به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٤٣، والطبرانى ١٨/ ١٩٥ (٤٦٧) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٥) تقدمت رواية الثقفى فى (٣٨٧٤، ٣٩٥٢)، وستأتى بقية الروايات قريبًا، وأما رواية حماد بن زيد فقد أخرجها النسائى (١٣٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٢٦٥).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٩٥١).","vol":"4","page":570},{"text":"على خَطأ أشعَثَ فيما رَواه (^١).\n\n٣٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ، فقالَ له رجلٌ يُقالُ له: الخِرباقُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّما صَلَّيتَ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ. قال: \"أكَذَلِكَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قالَ: فقامَ فصَلَّى، ثم سَجَدَ ثم تَشَهَّدَ وسَلَّمَ، وسَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ، ثم سَلَّمَ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ بهَذا اللَّفظِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالَ: قالَ حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ: قال سلمةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ: قُلتُ لمحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ: فيهِما تَشَهُّدٌ؟ يَعنِى فى سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ. قالَ: لم أسمَعْه فى حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، وأَحَبُّ إلَىَّ أن يَتَشَهَّدَ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٤). وقالَ البخارىُّ ﵀: وسَلَّمَ أنَسٌ والحَسَنُ ولَم يَتَشَهَّدا. وقالَ قَتادَةُ: لا يَتَشَهَّدُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٨٨: ولا رواه عن أشعث سوى الأنصارى، فلعل الخطأ مه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ١٩٤ (٤٦٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٤٩٣) من طريق سلمة بن علقمة به.\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (١٢٢٨).\n(^٥) البخارى قبل حديث (١٢٢٨). وقال ابن حجر عن قول قتادة: كذا فى الأصول التى وقفت عليها من البخارى، وفيه نظر فقد رواه عبد الرزاق عن معمر عن قتادة قال: يتشهد فى سجدتى السهو ويسلم. =","vol":"4","page":571},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: الأخبارُ الصَّحيحَةُ فى ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ على أنَّه وإِن سَجَدَهُما بَعدَ السَّلامِ لم يَتَشَهَّدْ لَهُما، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٣٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى قال: حدَّثَنى الشَّعبِىُّ، عن المُغيرَةِ ابنِ شُعبَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- تَشَهَّدَ بَعدَ أن رَفَعَ رأسَه مِن سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ (^١).\nوَهَذا يَتَفَرَّدُ به محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى عن الشَّعبِىِّ، ولا يُفرَحُ بما يَتَفَرَّدُ به (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٣٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ أبى سَعيدٍ (^٣) الهَرَوِىُّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا حاجًّا، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ علىٍّ الجَوهَرِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدَّثَنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n= فلعل: \"لا\" فى الترجمة زائدة، ويكون قتادة قد اختلف عليه فى ذلك. فتح البارى ٣/ ٩٨. وينظر أثر قتادة فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٥٠١)، والأوسط لابن المنذر ١/ ٣١٥.\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤١٢ (٩٨٨)، وفى الأوسط (٨١٢٤) من طريق محمد بن عمران به.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى ٣/ ٤٩٤.\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، وهو كذلك فى المنتخب من السياق، وسير أعلام النبلاء. وفى تاريخ بغداد، والأنساب، وتاريخ الإسلام: \"سعد\". وسيأتى فى النسخ بالوجهين فى (٢٠٢٩٧)، وهو عمر بن إبراهيم بن إسماعيل أبو الفضل الهروى الزاهد، خال شيخ الإسلام أبى عثمان الصابونى، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ ثقة معروف كثير الحديث. وقال الذهبى: كان إمامًا قدوة فى الزهد والورع والعلم والعبادة. توفى سنة (٤٢٥ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٢٧٣، والمنتخب من السياق (١٢١٧)، والأنساب ٣/ ١٢٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٤٨، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ١٦٤.","vol":"4","page":572},{"text":"قال: \"إذا كُنتَ فى صَلاة فشَكَكتَ فى ثَلاثٍ أو أربَعٍ وأكثَرُ ظَنِّكَ على أربَعٍ، تَشَهَّدتَ ثم سَجَدتَ سَجدَتَينِ وأنتَ جالِسٌ قبلَ أن تُسَلِّمَ، ثم تَشَهَّدتَ أيضًا ثم سَلَّمتَ\" (^١). وهَذا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ، ومُختَلَفٌ فى رَفعِه ومَتنِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-870>بابُ الكَلامِ فى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٣٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ يَعنِى الرَّقَاشِىَّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على (^٢) عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قالْ كُنّا نُسَلِّمُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يُصَلِّى فيَرُدُّ عَلَينا، فلَمّا قَدِمنا مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ سَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّكَ كُنتَ تَرُدُّ عَلَينا؟ قال: \"كَفَى بالصَّلاةِ شُغُلًا\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمّادٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٤).\n\n٣٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٧٧).\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"ابن وهب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٨٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن حماد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٨٧٥)، ومسلم (٥٣٨/ ٣٤)، وتقدم فى (٣٣٨٨).","vol":"4","page":573},{"text":"الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجودِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نُسَلِّمُ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- وهو فى الصَّلاةِ قَبلَ أن نأتِىَ أرضَ الحَبَشَةِ فيَرُدُّ عَلَينا وهو فى الصَّلاةِ، فلمَّا رَجَعْنا مَن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ أتَيتُه لأُسَلِّمَ عليه فوَجَدتُه يُصَلِّى، فسَلَّمتُ عليه فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَىَّ، فأَخَذَنِى ما قَرُبَ وما بَعُدَ، فجَلَستُ حَتَّى إذا قَضَى صَلاتَه أتَيتُه فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه يُحدِثُ مِن أمرِه ما يَشاءُ، وإِنَّ مِمَّا أحدَثَ اللَّهُ أن لا تَكَلَّموا فى الصَّلاةِ\" (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى فى ذَلِكَ حَديثُ جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه وزيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ (^٢)، وذَلِكَ كُلُّه مَحمولٌ عندَنا على العَمدِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-871>بابُ الكَلامِ فى الصَّلاةِ على وجهِ السَّهوِ</span>\n\n٣٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيد الدّارِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبى تَميمَةَ السَّخْتِيانِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- انصَرَفَ مِنَ اثنَتَينِ، فقالَ له ذو اليَدَينِ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٧٥)، والنسائى (١٢٢٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٣) من طريق ابن عيينة به، وتقدم فى (٣٤٥٦). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٦٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٣٨٧، ٣٣٩١).","vol":"4","page":574},{"text":"نَسيتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أصَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فقالَ النّاسُ: نَعَم. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى اثنَتَينِ أُخرَيَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ، ثم كَبَّرَ فسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِم سَواءٌ إلا أنَّ الشَّافِعِىَّ ﵀ لم يَقُل: ابنَ أبى تَميمَةَ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ وحَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ. قال: فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم قامَ إلى خَشَبَةٍ فى مُقَدَّمِ المَسجِدِ، فوَضَعَ يَدَيه عَلَيها إحداهُما على الأُخرَى، يُعرَفُ فى وجهِه الغَضَبُ، ثم خَرَجَ سَرَعانُ النّاسِ وهُم يَقولونَ: قُصرَتِ الصَّلاةُ! قُصرَتِ الصَّلاةُ! وفى النّاسِ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- فهاباه أن يُكَلِّماه، فقامَ رجلٌ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُسَمّيه ذا اليَدَينِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أنَسيتَ أم قُصرَتِ الصَّلاةُ؟ فقالَ: \"لم أنسَ ولَم تُقصَرِ الصَّلاةُ\". قال: بَل نَسيتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على القَومِ فقالَ: \"أصَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فأَومَئوا، أى\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ١٢٣، ومالك ١/ ٩٣، ومن طريقه الترمذى (٣٩٤)، والنسائى (١٢٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٩، ٢٦٨٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠٠٩) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧١٤)، ومسلم (٥٧٣/ ٩٧، ٩٨).","vol":"4","page":575},{"text":"نَعَم، فرَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى مَقامِه، فصَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ الباقيَتينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ وكَبَّرَ، ثم كَبَّرَ وسَجَدَ مِثلَ سُجودِه أو أطوَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ وكَبَّرَ. قالَ: فقيلَ لمحَمَّدٍ: سَلّمَ فى السَّهوِ؟ فقالَ: لم أحفَظْه مِن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، ولَكِنُ نُبِّئتُ أنَّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ قال: ثم سَلَّمَ. قال أبو داودَ: لم يَذكُرْ \"فأَومَئوا\" إلا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَم يَبلُغْنا إلا مِن جِهَةِ أبى داودَ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وهُم ثِقاتٌ أئمَّةٌ.\n\n٣٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى لَنا (^٢) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الظُّهر أوِ العَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ وسَلَّمَ، فقالَ ذو اليَدَينِ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أو نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأصحابِه: \"أحَقٌّ ما يَقولُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ أُخراوَينِ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ. قال شُعبَةُ: قال سَعدٌ: ورأَيتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ صَلَّى مِنَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ وسَلَّمَ وتَكَلَّمَ ثم صَلَّى ما بَقِى،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٠٨). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٨٦).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بنا\".","vol":"4","page":576},{"text":"وقالَ: هَكَذا فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، ولَيسَ فى حَديثِ بشرٍ قِصةُ عُروةَ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٦٤ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن شَيبانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: بَينَما أنا أُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الظُّهرِ، فسَلَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ، فقامَ رجل مِن بني سُلَيمٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ قال: \"لم تُقصَرْ ولَم أنسَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّما صَلَّيتَ رَكعَتَينِ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"حَقًّا ما يقولُ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ أُخرَيَينِ (^٣).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنِى ضَمضَمٌ أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: ثم سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَجدَتَينِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ سابِقٍ، رواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز (٧١٥). وتقدم فى (٣٣٩٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٤٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٦٢) من طريق شيبان به. ومسلم (٥٧٣/ ٩٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به. وعند أحمد بحديث ضمضم الآتى.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٤٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٧٠) من طريق شيبان به.","vol":"4","page":577},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ إلا أنَّه ساقَ بَعضَ الحديث دونَ جَميعِه قال: واقتَصَّ الحديثَ (^١). ويَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ لم يَحفَظْ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ عن أبى سلمةَ، وإِنَّما حَفِظَهُما عن ضَمضمِ بنِ جَوسٍ (^٢)، وقَد حَفِظَهُما سَعدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ مِن أبى سلمةَ (^٣)، ولَم يَحفَظْهُما الزُّهرِىُّ لا عن أبى سلمةَ ولا عن جَماعَةٍ حَدَّثوه بهَذِه القِصَّةِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-.\n\n٣٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، أنَّ أبا بكرِ ابنَ سليمانَ بنِ أبى حَثمَةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، فقالَ ذو الشِّمالَينِ ابنُ عَبدٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لم تُقصَرِ الصَّلاةُ ولَم أنسَ\". فقالَ ذو الشَّمالَينِ: قَد كان بَعضُ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على القَومِ فقالَ: \"أصَدَقَ ذو الشِّمالَينِ؟ \". فقالوا: نَعَم. فَقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَتَمَّ ما بَقِىَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، ولَم يَسجُدِ السَّجدَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ تُسجَدانِ إذا شَكَّ الرَّجُلُ فى صَلاتِه حينَ لَقّاه النّاسُ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى هذا الخَبَرَ سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ وأبو بكرِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٧٣/ ١٠٠).\n(^٢) فى م: \"جوش\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٣٩٨، ٣٩٦٣).","vol":"4","page":578},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^١).\nوهَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فيه على الزُّهرِىِّ؛ فرواه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ هَكَذا، وهو أصَحُّ الرِّواياتِ فيما نُرَى، حَديثُه عن ابنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ مُرسَلٌ، وحَديثُه عن الباقينِ مَوصولٌ، وأَرسَلَه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عنه عن ابنِ أبى حَثمَةَ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ (^٢)، وأَسنَدَه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عنه عن جَماعَتِهِم دونَ رِوايَتِه عن ابنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ (^٣)، وأَسنَدَه مَعمَرٌ عنه عن أبى سلمةَ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ سليمانَ بنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ:\n\n٣٩٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ سليمانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى النبىُّ -ﷺ- الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ فسَها فى رَكعَتَينِ فانصَرَفَ، فقالَ له ذو الشِّمالَينِ ابنُ عبدِ عمرٍو وكانَ حَليفًا لِبَنِى زُهرَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠١٣)، والنسائى (١٢٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٤٨، ١٠٥١) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وقال ابن عبد البر: وأما قول الزهرى فى هذا الحديث: إنه ذو الشمالين. فلم يتابع عليه. . . وقد اضطرب على الزهرى فى حديث ذى اليدين اضطرابًا أوجب عند أهل العلم بالنقل تركه من روايته خاصة. . . قال مسلم بن الحجاج فى كتاب \"التمييز\" له: قول ابن شهاب: إن رسول اللَّه -ﷺ- لم يسجد يوم ذى اليدين سجدتى السهو. خطأ وغلط. التمهيد ١/ ٤٠٢ - ٤٠٤.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٩٤، ٩٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٢٢٨) من طريق يونس عن ابن شهاب عن أبى سلمة عن أبى هريرة. وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٧١).","vol":"4","page":579},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أخُفِّفَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما يقولُ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". قالوا: صَدَقَ يا نَبِىَّ اللَّه. قال: فأَتَمَّ بهِمُ الرَّكعَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ نَقَصَ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ بَعدَ ما تَفَرَّغَ (^١). وهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه لم يَسمَعْهُم ذَكَروا له سَجدَتَيه، وقَد سَجَدَهُما حَتَّى [أَخْبَرَ به] (^٢) عن نَفسِهِ.\nواختُلِفَ على ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى هَذِه القِصَّةِ (^٣). وقَد ثَبَتَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤)، ثم عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَجَدَهُما (^٥).\n\n٣٩٦٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، أنَّ أبا سُفيانَ مَولَى ابنِ أبى أحمدَ أخبرَه أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ العَصرِ فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، فقالَ ذو اليَدَينِ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أم نَسيتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لم يَكُنْ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، قَد كان بَعضُ ذَلِكَ. فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٤٤١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٦٦)، والنسائى (١٢٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٤٦)، وابن حبان (٢٦٨٥)، وليس فى هذه المصادر أنه سجد سجدتى السهو. وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١١٧٢).\n(^٢) فى س: \"أخبرته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠١٥) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٩١).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣٩١٦، ٣٩٤٩، ٣٩٥١، ٣٩٦١).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٣٣٩٨، ٣٩٦٣).","vol":"4","page":580},{"text":"على النّاسِ فقالَ: \"أصَدَقَ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فقالوا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأَتَمَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما بَقِىَ عليه مِنَ الصَّلاةِ ثم سَلَّمَ، وسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ بَعدَ السَّلامِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ بإِسنادِه عن أبى هريرةَ قال: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٣٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ أبو كُرَيبٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فسَها، فسَلَّمَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فقالَ له رجلٌ يُقالُ له: ذو اليَدَينِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ أم نَسيتَ؟ قال: \"ما قُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ وما نَسيتُ\". قال: فإِنَّكَ صَلَّيتَ رَكعَتَينِ. فقالَ: \"أكما قال ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: فتَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ.\n\n٣٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٤٥٥)، وتقدم فى (٣٨٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٣/ ٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢١٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣٤) من طريق محمد بن العلاء به. وأحمد (٤٩٥٠) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٩٣).","vol":"4","page":581},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ، أخبرَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قالَ: سَلّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ مِنَ العَصرِ ثم دَخَلَ، فقامَ إلَيه رجلٌ يُقالُ له: الخِرباقُ، وكانَ طَويلَ اليَدَينِ فقالَ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ يا رسولَ اللَّه؟ فخَرَجَ مُغضَبًا يَجُرُّ رِداءَه فقالَ: \"أصَدَقَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فقامَ فصَلَّى تِلكَ الركعَةَ، ثم سَلَّمَ ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَيهِما، ثم سَلّمَ. وقالَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ: ثم دَخَلَ مَنزِلَه. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ سُوَيدَ بنَ قَيسٍ أخبرَه، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ حُدَيجٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى يَومًا، فانصَرَفَ وقَد بَقِىَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَةٌ، فأَدرَكَه رجلٌ فقالَ: نَسيتَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَةً. فرَجَعَ فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصلَّى بالنّاسِ رَكعَةً. فأَخبَرتُ بذَلِكَ النّاسَ، فقالوا: وتَعرِفُ الرَّجُلَ؟ قُلتُ: لا، إلَّا أن أَراه. فمَرَّ بى فقُلتُ: هو\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٤٤٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٤، ١٠٦٠) من طريق ابن علية به. وأبو داود (١٠١٨) عن مسدد به. والنسائى (١٢٣٦) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧٤/ ١٠١).","vol":"4","page":582},{"text":"هَذا. فقالوا: هذا طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^١).\n\n٣٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أيّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ حُدَيجٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَغرِبَ، فسَها فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم انصَرَفَ، فقالَ له رجل: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ سَهَوتَ فسَلَّمتَ فى رَكعَتَينِ. فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ، ثم أتَمَّ تِلكَ الرَّكعَةَ، فسأَلتُ النّاسَ عن الرَّجُلِ الذى قال لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: إنَّكَ سَهَوتَ. فقيلَ لى: تَعرِفُهُ؟ قُلتُ: لا، إلا أن أراه. فمَرَّ بي رجل فقُلتُ: هو هَذا. قالوا: هذا طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n٣٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، حدَّثَنا عِسلُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، أنَّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ بالنّاسِ فسَلَّمَ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ، ثم قامَ إلى الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ ليَستَلِمَه، فنَظَرَ فرأَى القَومَ جُلوسًا. قال: فجاءَ حَتَّى صَلَّى لَنا الركعَةَ الباقيَةَ، ثم سَلَّمَ ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ فى فَورَتِى إلى ابنِ عباسٍ فسأَلتُه فقالَ: إيهًا للَّهِ أبوكَ! كَيفَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٥٤)، وأبو داود (١٠٢٣)، والنسائى (٣٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٥٢) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٨٩٩).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٥٣) من طريق وهب به.","vol":"4","page":583},{"text":"صنَعَ؟ فأَعَدْتُ عليه فقالَ: ما أماطَ (^١) عن سُنَّةِ نَبيِّه -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٣٩٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحسنِ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهْمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشام وهو ابنُ حَسّانَ، عن عِسلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ. فذكَر مَعناه وزادَ: فسَبَّحنا فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: ما أتمَمنا الصَّلاةَ؟ فقُلنا برُءوسِنا (^٣) سُبحانَ اللَّهِ. أى: لا. وَلَم يَذكُرْ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ أكثَرَ مِن أن قال: ما أماطَ عن سُنَّةِ نَبيِّه -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n٣٩٧٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أبو قُدامَةَ الإيادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عامِر، عن عَطاءٍ قال: صَلَّى ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ المَغرِبَ فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ ثم نَهَضَ، فسَبَّحَ النّاسُ، فقالَ: ما لَهُم؟ ثم جاءَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَةً، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ. قال: فأَتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فأَخبَرتُه بفِعلِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فقالَ: ما أماطَ عن سُنَّةِ نَبيِّه -ﷺ-.\n_________\n(^١) ما أماط: ما ذهب وما بعُد. ينظر التاج ١٦/ ١٢٥ (م ى ط).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسى (٢٧٨٠) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٣٢٨٥) من طريق عطاء به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٥٠: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) قال ابن الأثير: العرب تجعل القول عبارة عن جميع الأفعال، وتطلقه على غير الكلام واللسان فتقول: قال بيده، أى: أخذ، وقال برجله، أى: مشى. . . وقد تكرر ذكر القول بهذه المعانى فى الحديث. النهاية ٤/ ١٢٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (١٨١ - بغية) عن السهمى به. والبزار (٥٢٠٠) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.","vol":"4","page":584},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ هذا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ.\n\n٣٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: حدَّثَنى الحَجّاجُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ قال: حدَّثَنى يَحيَى ابنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ عَطَسَ رجلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فقُلتُ: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ. فرَمانِى القَومُ بأَبصارِهِم فقُلتُ: واثُكلَ أُمِّياه! ما شأنُكُم تَنظُرونَ إلَىَّ؟ فجَعَلوا يَضرِبونَ بأَيديهِم على أفخاذِهِم، فلَمّا رأَيتُهُم يُصمِّتونِى لَكِنِّى سَكَتُّ، فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فبِأَبِى هو وأُمِّى، ما رأَيتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَبلَه ولا بَعدَه أحسَنَ تَعليمًا مِنه، واللَّهِ ما كَهَرَنِى ولا شَتَمَنِى ولا ضرَبَنِى. قال: \"إن هَذِه الصَّلاةَ لا يَصلُحُ فيها شَئٌ مِن كَلامِ النّاسِ هذا، إنَّما هو التَّسبيحُ والتَّكبيرُ وقراءةُ القُرآنِ\". أو كما قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٨٠٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٦٢)، وأبو داود (٩٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨٥٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٣٣٩٣) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٣٧).","vol":"4","page":585},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-872>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه لا يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فى تَحريم الكَلامِ ناسِخًا لحَديثِ أبى هريرةَ وغَيِره فى كَلامِ النّاسِى</span>\nوذَلِكَ لِتَقَدُّمِ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّه وتأَخُّرِ حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- وغَيرِهِ.\nقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ فيما رُوّينا عنه فى تَحريمِ الكَلامِ: فلَمّا رَجَعْنا مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ. ورُجوعُه مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ كان قَبلَ هِجرَةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- إلى المَدينَةِ، ثم هاجَرَ إلى المَدينَةِ، وشَهِدَ مع النبىِّ -ﷺ- بَدرًا، فقِصَّةُ التَّسليمِ كانَت قَبلَ الهِجرَةِ.\n\n٣٩٧٦ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حُدَيجُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلى النَّجاشِىِّ، ونَحنُ ثَمانونَ رجلًا ومعنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ. فَذكَر الحديثَ فى دُخولِهِم على النَّجاشِىِّ، وفى آخِرِه قال: فجاءَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ فبادَرَ، فشَهِدَ بَدرًا (^١).\n\n٣٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدَّثَنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ المُغيرَةِ الجَوهَرِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨، والطيالسى (٣٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٠٠) من طريق حديج ابن معاوية به. وقال ابن كثير فى البداية والنهاية ٤/ ١٧٤: هذا الإسناد جيد قوى، وسياق حسن. وقال ابن حجر فى الفتح ٧/ ١٨٩: إسناده حسن.","vol":"4","page":586},{"text":"حدَّثَنا إسماعيل بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: ومِمَّن يُذكَرُ أنَّه قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ مِن مُهاجِرَةِ أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ الأولَى ثم هاجَرَ إلى المَدينَةِ. فذَكَرَهُم وذكَر فيهِم عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ قال: وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). هَكَذا ذكَره سائرُ أهلِ المَغازِى بلا اختِلافٍ بَينَهُم فيه.\nوأَمّا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- فقَد رُوّينا عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ وحَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ (^٢). ورُوّينا عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: بَينَما أنا أُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلاةَ الظُّهرِ. فذكَر قِصَّةَ ذِى اليَدَينِ (^٣). ورُوِّينا فى حَديثِ أبى سُفيانَ مَولَى ابنِ أبى أحمدَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n٣٩٧٨ - وفى حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قال: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ، فسَلَّمَ فى رَكعَتَينِ. فذكَره. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣٣/ ٧٦ من طريق أبى الحسين بن الفضل به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٩٥١، ٣٩٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٩٦٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٨٧٣، ٣٩٦٧).","vol":"4","page":587},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى (^١) يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذكَره (^٢).\nوأَخبَرَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه شَهِدَ هَذِه القِصَّةَ، وقُدومُ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- على النبىِّ -ﷺ- كان وهو بخَيبَرَ.\n\n٣٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عَنبَسَةُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَصحابِه خَيبَرَ بَعدَما فتَحوها. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٣٩٨٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ القَطّانِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى سليمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عِراكَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: قَدِمتُ المدينَةَ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بخَيبَرَ، ورَجُلٌ مِن بني غِفارٍ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"ابن\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وتقدم مرارًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٤٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠١٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٤٠، ١٠٤٤) من طريق الزهرى به بدون ذكر أبى بكر بن الحارث. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٢١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٤٠)، والحميدى (١١٠٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٢٣، ٢٧٢٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٨٢٧).\n(^٥) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٤٠.","vol":"4","page":588},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ثم إنَّه تَبِعَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فقَدِمَ عليه وهو بخَيبَرَ.\n\n٣٩٨١ - أَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسًا يَعنِى ابنَ أبى حازِمٍ يقول: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: صَحِبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثلاثَ سِنينَ (^١).\n\n٣٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى قال: قال الحُمَيدِىُّ وهو يَذكُرُ هَذِه المَسأَلَةَ: ويُحْمَلُ حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- على العَمدِ. قال: فإِن قال قائلٌ: فما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ؟ فظاهِرُه العَمدُ والنِّسيانُ والجَهالَةُ؟ قُلنا: صَدَقتَ، هذا ظاهِرٌ، ولَكِن كان إتيانُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ قَبلَ بَدرٍ، ثم شَهِدَ بَدرًا بَعدَ هذا القَولِ، فلَمّا وجَدْنا إسلامَ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بخَيبَرَ قَبلَ وفاةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- بثَلاثِ سِنينَ وقَد حَضَرَ صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَولَ ذِى اليَدَينِ، ووَجَدْنا عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ حَضرَ صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّةً أُخرَى وقَولَ الخِرباقِ، وكانَ إسلامُ عِمرانَ بَعدَ بَدرٍ، ووَجَدْنا مُعاويَةَ بنَ حُدَيجٍ حَضَرَ صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَولَ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، وكانَ إسلامُ مُعاويَةَ قَبلَ وفاةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- بشَهرَينِ، ووَجَدْنا ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يُصَوِّبُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- فى ذَلِكَ، ويَذكُرُ أنَّها سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ ابنَ عَشرِ سِنينَ حينَ قُبِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ووَجَدْنا ابنَ عمرَ رَوَى ذَلِكَ، وكانَ إجازَةُ النبىِّ -ﷺ- ابنَ عمرَ يَومَ الخَندَقِ بَعدَ بَدرٍ، فعَلِمْنا أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٣٩، ٧٤٠.","vol":"4","page":589},{"text":"حَديثَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- خُصَّ به العَمدُ دونَ النِّسيانِ، ولَو كان ذَلِكَ الحَديثُ فى النِّسيانِ والعَمدِ يَومَئذٍ لَكانَت صَلَواتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هَذِه ناسَخَةً له؛ لأنَّها بَعدَه (^١).\n\n٣٩٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأبّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ بَحرٍ الخَشّابُ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: كان إسلامُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ فى آخِرِ الأمرِ، فلَم يأمُرْه النبىُّ -ﷺ- إِعادَةِ الصَّلاةِ، فمَن تَكَلَّمَ فى صَلاتِه ساهيًا أو جاهِلًا مَضَت صَلاتُه، ومَن تَكَلَّمَ مُتَعَقَدًا استأنَفَ الصَّلاةَ (^٢).\nوقَد أشارَ الشافعىُّ ﵀ إلى أكثَرِ ما حَكَيناه عن غَيرِه فى كِتابِ \"اختلاف الأحاديث\" (^٣). وفيما رُوّينا عن غَيرِه تأكيدٌ لِقَولِهِ. قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: قال قائلٌ: أفَذو اليَدَينِ الذى رُوّيتُم عنه المَقتولُ ببَدرٍ؟ قُلتُ: لا، عِمرانُ يُسَمّيه الخِرباقَ، ويَقولُ: قَصيرُ اليَدَينِ أو مَديدُ اليَدَينِ. والمَقتولُ ببَدرٍ ذو الشِّمالَينِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: الذى قُتلَ ببَدرٍ هو ذو الشِّمالَينِ ابنُ عبدِ عمرِو بنِ نَضلَةَ حَليفٌ لِبَنِى زُهرَةَ مِن خُزاعَةَ، هَكَذا ذكَره عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ.\n\n٣٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٩٣ مختصرًا جدًا.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ١٩٣ إلى قوله: بإعادة الصلاة.\n(^٣) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٣٢ - ٢٣٥.","vol":"4","page":590},{"text":"أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: وممَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذو الشِّمالَينِ ابنُ عبدِ عمرِو بنِ نَضلَةَ بنِ غُبشانَ مِن خُزاعَةَ. قال: واستُشهِدَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يَومَ بَدرٍ مِن بنى زُهرَةَ بنِ كِلابٍ رجلانِ؟ عُمَيرُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ، وذو الشِّمالَينِ ابنُ عبدِ عمرِو بنِ نَضلَةَ حَليفٌ لَهُم مِن خُزاعَةَ مِن بنى غُبشانَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ فى \"مَغازيه\" ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^١). قالَ محمدٌ: لا عَقِبَ لَه.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا ذو اليَدَينِ الذى أخبرَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بسَهوِه فإِنَّه بَقِىَ بَعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. هَكَذا ذكَره شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واحتَجَّ بما:\n\n٣٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الزّاهِدُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ بَحرِ بنِ بَرِّىٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا مَعَدِىُّ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنى شُعَيثُ (^٢) بنُ مُطَيرٍ، عن أبيه، ومُطَيرٌ حاضِرٌ فصَدَّقَه مُطَيرٌ، قال شُعَيثٌ (^٢): يا أبَتاه أخبَرتَنِى أنَّ ذا اليَدَينِ لَقِيَكَ بذِى خُشُبٍ (^٣) فأَخبَرَكَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِم إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِىِّ وهِىَ العَصرُ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ فسَلَّمَ، ثم قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- واتَّبَعَه أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄-، وخَرَجَ سَرَعانُ النّاسِ، فلَحِقَه ذو اليَدَينِ وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٨٠، ٧٠٧، ومعرفة الصحابة لأبي نعيم (٢٦٢٥، ٢٦٢٦).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"شعيب\". بالباء، والمثبت هو الصواب. ينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٣٥٥، ١٣٥٦، وتعجيل المنفعة ١/ ٦٤٣، ٦٤٤.\n(^٣) ذو خُشُب: واد على مسيرة ليلة من المدينة. ينظر معجم ما استعجم ٢/ ٥٠٠، والنهاية ٢/ ٣٢.","vol":"4","page":591},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أقُصرَتِ الصَّلاة أو نَسيتَ؟ قال: \"ما قُصِرَتِ الصَّلاةُ ولا نَسيتُ\". ثم أقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- فقالَ: \"مما يقولُ ذو اليَدَينِ؟ \". فقالا: صَدَقَ يا رسولَ اللَّه. فرَجَعَ وثارَ النّاسُ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ (^١).\n\n٣٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا أبى ونَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ وبُندارٌ قالوا: حدَّثَنا مَعدِىُّ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا شُعَيثُ (^٢) بنُ مُطَيرٍ، عن أبيه، قال: وأَبوه مُطَيرٌ حاضِرٌ حينَ حدَّثَنى بهَذا الحديثِ قال: قال له: يا أبتِ، حَدَّثتَنِى أنَّ ذا اليَدَينِ لَقيَكَ بذِى خُشُبٍ، فحَدثَكَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِم إحدَى صَلاتَى العَشِى، وهِىَ العَصرُ، رَكعَتَينِ، ثم سَلَّمَ. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ ثم سَلَّمَ، ثم سَجَدَ (^٣).\nوقَد قال بَعضُ الرّواةِ فى حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ: فقالَ ذو الشِّمالَينِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أقُصرَتِ الصَّلاة أم نَسيتَ (^٤)؟ وشَيخا الصَّحيحَينِ البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١/ ٤٠١، والاستيعاب ٢/ ٤٧٦ من طريق على بن بحر به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٥: معدى لين.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"شعيب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (١٦٧٠٨) عن نصر بن على. وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١/ ٤٠٢ من طريق محمد بن بشار بندار به. وعبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (١٦٧٠٧) عن محمد ابن المثنى عن معدى به. وينظر الاستيعاب ٢/ ٤٧٧. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٥١: وفيه معدى ابن سليمان قال أبو حاتم: شيخ. وضعفه النسائى.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٣٩٦٥، ٣٩٦٦).","vol":"4","page":592},{"text":"لم يُصَحِّحا شَيئًا مِن تِلكَ الرِّواياتِ؛ لِما فيها مِن هذا الوَهْمِ الظّاهِرِ، وكانَ شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ﵀ يقولُ: كُلُّ مَن قال ذَلِكَ فقَد أخطأَ؛ فإِنَّ ذا الشِّمالَينِ تَقَدَّمَ مَوتُه ولَم يُعقِبْ، ولَيسَ له راوٍ.\n\n٣٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: سَمعتُ حَفصَ بنَ عاصِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبى سعيدِ ابنِ المُعَلَّى، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان فى المَسجِدِ وأَنا أُصَلِّى فدَعانِى. قال: فصَلَّيتُ ثم جِئتُ فقالَ: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُجيبَنِى حينَ دَعَوتُكَ؟ أمَا سَمِعتَ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ٢٤]؟ لأُعَلِّمَنَّكَ أعظَمَ سورَةٍ فى القرآنِ قبلَ أن أخرجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ\". قال: فمَشَيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى كِدْنا أن نَبلُغَ بابَ المَسجِدِ فقُلتُ: نَسِىَ، فذَكَّرْتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ قُلتُ كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \" ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾. السَّبعُ المَثانِى والقُرآنُ العَظيمُ الذى أُوتيتُه\" (^١).\n\n٣٩٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ الجُشَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال فى إسنادِه: عن، عَن، وقالَ: \"دَعَوتُكَ فلَم تُجِبْنِى\". قال: كُنتُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٣٦٢).","vol":"4","page":593},{"text":"أُصَلِّى. قال: فذكَر مَعناه (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\nوفى هذا دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ جَوابَ أصحابِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- حينَ سأَلَهُم عَمّا يقولُ ذو اليَدَينِ لم يُبطِلْ صَلاتَهُم، مَعَ ما رُوّينا عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ فى تِلكَ القِصَّةِ أنَّهُم أومَئوا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-873>بابُ سُجودِ الشُّكرِ</span>\n\n٣٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الجُوزْجانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ أبى السَّفَرِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيْدانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ أبو جَعفَرٍ القَمّاطُ الكوفيّانِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ أبى السَّفَرِ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ يوسُفَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: بَعَثَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ إلى أهلِ اليَمَنِ يَدعوهُم إلى الإِسلامِ فلَم يُجيبوه، ثم إنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ عَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ، وأَمَرَه أن يُقفِلَ خالِدًا ومَن كان معه إلا رجلٌ ممَّن كان مَعَ خالِدٍ أحَبَّ أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٥١)، والبخارى (٤٦٤٧، ٥٠٠٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٨٦٢، ٨٦٣)، وابن حبان (٧٧٧) من طريق يحيى القطان به. وأبو داود (١٤٥٨)، والنسائى (٩١٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٨٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٤٧٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٣٩٦٢).","vol":"4","page":594},{"text":"يُعَقِّب مَعَ علىٍّ -﵁- فليُعَقِّبْ مَعَه (^١). قال البَراءُ: فكُنتُ مِمن عَقَّبَ معه، فلَمّا دَنَونا مِنَ القَومِ خَرَجوا إلَينا، فصَلَّى بنا عَلِىٌّ -﵁- وصَفَّنا صَفًّا واحِدًا، ثم تَقَدَّمَ بَينَ أيدِينا، فقَرأَ عَلَيهِم كِتابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَسلَمَت هَمْدانُ جَميعًا، فكَتَبَ عَلِىُّ -﵁- إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بإِسلامِهِم، فلَمّا قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الكِتابَ خَرَّ ساجِدًا، ثم رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"السَّلامُ على هَمْدانَ، السَّلامُ على هَمْدانَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَ البخارىُّ صدرَ هذا الحديثِ عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ عن شُرَيحِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يوسُفَ فلَم يَسُقْه بتَمامِه (^٣). وسُجودُ الشُّكرِ فى تَمامِ الحديثِ صَحيحٌ على شَرطِهِ.\n\n٣٩٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ كَعبٍ قائدَ كَعبٍ حينَ عَمِىَ مِن بَيتِه (^٤) قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) فليعقب معه: قال ابن حجر: أى يرجع إلى اليمن، والتعقيب أن يعود بعض العسكر بعد الرجوع ليصيبوا غزوة من الغد، كذا قال الخطابى، وقال ابن فارس: غزاة بعد غزاة. والذي يظهر أنه أعم من ذلك، وأصله أن الخليفة يرسل العسكر إلى جهة مدة فإذا أنمضت رجعوا وأرسل غيرهم، فمن شاء أن يرجع من العسكر الأول مع العسكر الثانى سمى رجوعه تعقيبًا. فتح البارى ٨/ ٦٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٩٦، وفى المعرفة (١١٧٣). وأخرجه الرويانى (٣٠٤)، وابن عبد البر فى الاستيعاب ٣/ ١١٢٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن يوسف به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٣٤٩).\n(^٤) كذا فى: س، م. قال ابن حجر عن رواية البخارى فى المغازى: بفتح الموحدة وكسر النون بعدها تحتانية ساكنة، وقع للقابسى هنا، وكذا لابن السكن فى الجهاد: من بيته. بفتح الموحدة وسكون التحتانية بعدها مثناة. والأول هو الصواب. فتح البارى ٨/ ١١٧. وسيأتى فى (٤٤٦٩).","vol":"4","page":595},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بطولِه إلى أن قال: حَتَّى كَمَلَت لَنا خَمسونَ لَيلَةً مِن حينَ نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ [-ﷺ- عن كَلامِنا، فلَمّا صلَّيتُ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ صُبحَ خَمسينَ] (^١) لَيلَةً وأَنا على ظَهرِ بَيتٍ مِن بُيوتِنا، فبَينَما أنا جالِسٌ على الحالِ الَّتىِ ذكَر اللَّهُ مِنّا؛ قَد ضاقَت عَلَىَّ نَفسِى، وضاقَت عَلَىَّ الأرضُ بما رَحُبَت، سَمِعتُ صوتَ صارخٍ أوفَى على جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ (^٢): يا كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ أبشِرْ. قال: فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا، وعَرَفتُ أنَّه قَد جاءَ الفَرَجُ، وآذَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بتَوبَةِ اللَّه عَلَينا حينَ صَلَّى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، فذَهَبَ النّاسُ يُبَشَرونَنا، وذَهَبَ قِبَلَ صاحِبَىَّ مُبَشَرونَ، ورَكَضَ رجلٌ إلىَّ فرَسًا (^٣)، وسَعَى ساعٍ مِن أسلَمَ فأَوفَى على الجَبَلِ، فكانَ الصَّوتُ أصرَعَ إلىَّ مِنَ الفَرَسِ، فلَمّا جاءَنِى الذى سَمِعتُ صوتَه يُبَشَّرُنِى نَزَعتُ ثَوبَىَّ فكَسَوتُهُما إيّاه ببُشراه، واللَّه ما أملِكُ غَيرَهُما يَومَئذٍ، واستَعَرتُ ثَوبَينِ فلَبِستُهُما، فانطَلَقتُ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وذكَر الحديثَ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n٣٩٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س.\n(^٢) سلع: جبل صغير بالمدينة، وهو أشهر جبالها على صغره، وقد أصبح العمران يحيط به من كل اتجاه، بل قد كساه من معظم جوانبه. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة فى السيرة النبوية ص ١٦١.\n(^٣) فى م: \"فرحًا\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢٧٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٩٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٤١٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩).","vol":"4","page":596},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّاز (^١)، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ قالوا كُلُّهُم: حدَّثَنا بَكّارُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى بَكرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى بَكرَةَ -﵁- قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- إذا أتاه أمرٌ يَسُرُّه أو سُرَّ به خَرَّ ساجِدًا شُكرًا للَّهِ ﷿ (^٢). رواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن مَخلَدِ (^٣) بنِ خالِدٍ عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٣٩٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حدَّثَنى موسَى بنُ يَعقوبَ، عن ابنِ (^٥) عثمانَ -قال أبو داودَ: وهو يَحيَى بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عثمانَ- عن أشعَثَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن مَكَّةَ نُريدُ المَدينَةَ، فلَمّا كان قَريبًا مِن عَزْوَرَ (^٦) نَزَلَ، ثم رَفَعَ يَدَيه فدَعا اللَّه ساعَةً، ثم خَرَّ ساجِدًا فمَكَثَ طَويلًا، ثم قامَ فرَفَعَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الخراز\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤١٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٩٤) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٦: بكار فيه لين.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"محمد\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى سنن أبى داود، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٣٣٤.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧٧٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤١٣).\n(^٥) بعده فى س: \"أبى\".\n(^٦) عزور: على الطريق من المدينة إلى مكة، ويقال فيها: عَزْوَرَا. النهاية ٣/ ٢٣٣، وينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٤٥.","vol":"4","page":597},{"text":"يَدَيه ساعَةً، ثم خَرَّ ساجِدًا. ذكَره أحمدُ ثَلاثًا. قال: \"إنِّى سألتُ رَبِّى وشَفَعتُ لأُمَّتِى، فأعطانِى ثُلُثَ أُمَّتِى، فخَرَرتُ لِرَبِّى ساجِدًا شُكرًا، ثم رَفَعتُ رأسِى، فسألتُ رَبِّى لأُمَّتِى فأعطانِى ثُلُثَ أُمَّتِى، فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا لِرَبِّى شُكرًا، ثم قُمتُ فسألتُ رَبِّى لأُمَّتِى فأعطانِى الثُّلُثَ الآخِرَ، فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا لِرَبِّى ﷿\". قال أبو داودَ ﵀: أشعَثُ بنُ إسحاقَ أسقَطَه أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ حينَ حدَّثَنا به، فحَدَّثَنِى به عنه موسَى بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ (^١).\n\n٣٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاق المُزَكَّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أبى وشُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ قالا: أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ فرأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خارِجًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ، فاتَّبَعتُه أمشِى وراءَه ولا يَشعُرُ بى حَتَّى دَخَلَ نَخلًا، فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فسَجَدَ فأَطالَ السُّجودَ وأَنا وراءَه، حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى تَوَفّاه، فأَقبَلتُ أمشِى حَتَّى جِئتُه، فطأطأتُ رأسِى أنظُرُ فى وجهِه، فرَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لَمَّا أطَلتَ أن السُّجودَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خَشيتُ أن يَكون اللَّهُ قَد تَوَفَّى نَفسَكَ، فجِئتُ أنظُرُ. فقالَ: \"إنِّى لَما رأيتَنِى دَخَلتُ النَخلَ لَقيتُ جِبريلَ ﵇ فقالَ: أُبَشِّرُكَ أن اللَّهَ تعالَى يقولُ: مَن سَلَّمَ عَلَيكَ سَلَّمتُ عليه، ومَن صَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٧٥). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩٠).","vol":"4","page":598},{"text":"عَلَيكَ صَلَّيتُ عليه\" (^١).\n\n٣٩٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَدِّى، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ أبى عمرٍو، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنِّى لَقيتُ جِبريلَ ﵇ فبَشَّرَنِى وقالَ: إنَّ رَبَّكَ يقولُ لَك: مَن صَلَّى عَلَيكَ صَلَّيتُ عليه، ومَن سَلَّمَ عَلَيكَ سَلَّمتُ عليه. فسَجَدتُ للَّهِ شُكرًا\" (^٢).\nوفى البابِ عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وجَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ [وابنِ] (^٣) عمرَ وأَنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ وأَبِى جُحَيفَةَ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤)، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ عن رِوايَةِ الضُّعَفاءِ.\n\n٣٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٣) من طريق الليث به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٧: إسناده جيد لكنه معلول.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٥٥٠. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٥٧) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وأحمد (١٦٦٤) من طريق سليمان به (بدون ذكر عاصم بن عمر). وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٧: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار، كما فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٧، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٥٤١) من حديث جابر. وقال الهيثمى: رجاله ثقات. والطبرانى (٢٢٩٦) من حديث جرير. والطبرانى فى الأوسط، (٥٢٧٢) من حديث ابن عمر. وابن ماجه (١٣٩٢) من حديث أنس. وأبو نعيم فى الحلية ٧/ ٢٥٧ من حديث أبى جحيفة.","vol":"4","page":599},{"text":"حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قالَ: حدَّثَنى جابِرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ قالَ: رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رجلًا نُغاشيًّا (^١) يُقالُ له: زُنَيمٌ. قَصيرٌ، فخَرَّ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ساجِدًا ثم قال: \"أسألُ اللَّهَ العافيَةَ\" (^٢). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ورِوايَةُ جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ (^٣)، ولَكِن له شاهِدٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ.\n\n٣٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا حَفصُ ابنُ غِياثٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عَرفَجَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أبصرَ رجلًا به زَمانَةٌ (^٤) فسَجَدَ. قال محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: وأَنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- أتاه فتحٌ فسَجَدَ، وأَنَّ عمرَ -﵁- أتاه فتحٌ أو أبصَرَ رجلًا به زَمانَةٌ فسَجَدَ (^٥). ويُقالُ: هذا عَرفَجَةُ السُّلَمِىُّ. ولا يَرَونَ له صُحبَةً، فيَكونُ مُرسَلًا شاهِدًا لما تَقَدَّمَ.\nوقيل عن مِسعَرٍ، عن أبى عَونٍ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا، ثم عنه عن أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) النغاشى: القصير أقصر ما يكون، الضعيف الحركة، الناقص الخلق. النهاية ٥/ ٨٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٩٦) من طريق سفيان به، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٨٩)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٤١٠ من طريق جابر الجعفى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٧: وليس بصحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم قول المصنف فى جابر الجعفى ومصادر ترجمته فى ١/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٤) الزمانة: العاهة. التاج ٣٥/ ١٥٣ (ز م ن).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٢٧٢)، والعسكرى فى تصحيفات المحدثين ٢/ ٤٨٩ من طريق داود ابن رشيد به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٩ وفيه محمد بن عبد اللَّه الفهمى ولم يرو عنه غير مسعر.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٩١) من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"4","page":600},{"text":"٣٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبى عَونٍ، عن رجلٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- لما أتاه فتحُ اليَمامَةِ سَجَدَ (^١).\n\n٣٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن رجلٍ يُقالُ له: أبو موسَى، يَعنِى مالِكَ بنَ الحارِثِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ علىٍّ فقالَ: اطلُبوه. يَعنِى المُخدَجَ (^٢)، فلَم يَجِدوه، فجَعَلَ يَعرَقُ جَبينُه ويَقولُ: واللَّهِ ما كَذَبتُ [ولا كُذِبتُ] (^٣). فاستَخرَجوه مِن ساقيةٍ (^٤) فسَجَدَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٩٠) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٢) المخدج فى اللغة: الناقص، والمقصود هنا ناقص اليد، وكان ذلك يوم قتال الخوارج. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٣.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"ساقيه\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٩٦٢)، وتاريخ بغداد ١/ ١٩٩، وعند عبد الرزاق: ساقية أو جدول. والساقية: النهر الصغير. التاج ٣٨/ ٢٩٣ (س ق ى)، وينظر تاريخ ابن جرير ٥/ ٨٨، والبداية والنهاية ١٠/ ٦٠١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٩٣) من طريق الثورى به، و(٨٤٩٤) من طريق محمد بن قيس به.","vol":"4","page":601},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-874>جِماعُ أبوابِ أقَلِّ ما يَجزِى من عَمَلِ الصَّلاةِ وأَكثَرِه</span>\nوقَد بَيَّنَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الحديثِ الذى:\n\n٣٩٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، [أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشارٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ] (^١)، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فصلَّى، ثم جاءَ وسَلَّمَ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". حَتَّى فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: والَّذى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَ هذا، فأَرِنِى وعَلِّمْنِى. قالَ: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ كَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأ ما تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتى تَطمَئنَّ جالِسًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ فى صَلاِتكَ كُلِّها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القاضِى. رواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٢٩٠، ٢٣٩٦، ٢٥١٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٥٧)، ومسلم (٣٩٧/ ٤٥).","vol":"4","page":602},{"text":"٤٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) عَبدانُ الجَواليقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له قال: أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رجلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ، فجاءَ فسَلَّمَ عليه، فقالَ: \"وعَلَيكَ (^٢)، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". قال: فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى، ثم سَلَّمَ عليه، فقالَ له: \"وعَلَيكَ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ فى الثّالِثَةِ: فعَلِّمْنِي يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال له: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأسبغِ الوُضوءَ، ثم استقبِلِ القِبلَةَ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ ما تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم اركَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ رأسَكَ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، [ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ وتَطمَئنَّ جالسًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا] (^٣)، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ قائمًا، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ فى صَلاِتكَ كُلِّها\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، إلا أنَّه لم يُثبِتْ عنه ما أثبَتَه إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وغَيرُه عن أبى أُسامَةَ مِن قَولِه ثانيًا: \"ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"بن\". خطاْ؛ لأن عبد اللَّه بن أحمد الجواليقى معروف بعبدان. ينظر الأنساب ٢/ ١٠٤.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"السلام\".\n(^٣) سقط من: س.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٠٦).","vol":"4","page":603},{"text":"ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ قائمًا\" (^١). ولَم يَحفَظْه أيضًا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ عن عَبدانَ، وتِلكَ زيادَةٌ مَحفوظَةٌ فى هذا الحديثِ مِن أوجُهٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ.\n\n٤٠٠١ - ورواه أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرَ فزادَ فى آخِرِه: \"فإِذا فعَلتَ هذا فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُكَ، وإِنِ انتَقَصتَ مِن هذا فإِنَّما أنقصتَ مِن صَلاِتكَ\". وقالَ فيه: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأسبغِ الوُضوءَ\". ولم يُثبِتْ ما أثبَتَه أبو أُسامَةَ فى آخِرِ الحديثِ. أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٤٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الليث يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى مِن آلِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمٍّ له بَدرِىٍّ، أنَّه حدَّثه، أنَّ رجلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فصلَّى ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرمُقُه ونَحنُ لا نَشعُرُ، فلَمّا فرَغَ أقبَلَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له: \"ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى، ثم أقبَلَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: \"ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: والَّذِى أكرَمَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه لَقَد جَهِدتُ فعَلِّمْنِى. فقالَ له: \"إذا قُمتَ تُريدُ الصَّلاةَ فتَوَضّأْ وأحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ، ثم استَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ، ثم اركَعْ فاطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، ثم اسجُدْ فاطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ قاعِدًا، ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم ارفَعْ، ثم افعَلْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَفرُغَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢٨٠٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٨٠)، وأبو داود (٨٥٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٦٢).","vol":"4","page":604},{"text":"مِن صَلاتِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٠٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عَمِّه وكانَ بَدريًّا أنَّه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ دَخَلَ رجلٌ المَسجِدَ، فقامَ فى ناحيَةٍ مِنه يُصَلِّى. وذكَر الحديثَ وفيه مِنَ الزّيادَةِ: \"ثم قُمْ فاستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ\". وقالَ فى السُّجودِ الثّانِى: \"ثم اسجُدْ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، فإِذا صَنَعتَ ذَلِكَ فقَد قَضَيتَ صَلاتَكَ، وما انتَقَصتَ مِن ذَلِكَ فإِنَّما تَنقُصُ مِن صَلاتِكَ\" (^٢).\nرواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمِّه رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رواه إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن علىِّ ابنِ يَحيَى، مِن رِوايَةِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى عَنه (^٥). وقَصَّرَ به حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ فقالَ: عن إسحاقَ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن عَمِّه (^٦). وقالَ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحسن بن سفيان فى الأربعين (٢٤) عن قتيبة، عن الليث وبكر بن مضر به. والطبرانى (٤٥٢٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٠٥٢) من طريق بكر بن مضر به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٠٠٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٨٣٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٠٨، ١٠٩)، والنسائى (١٣١٣) من طرق عن داود بن قيس به. وينظر ما سيأتى برقم (٤٠٠٥).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٦٨٥، ٣٩١٤).\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٥٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٦٣).","vol":"4","page":605},{"text":"عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ (^١).\nوالصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مَن تَقَدَّمَ، وافَقَهُم إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلادِ بنِ رافِعٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢). وقَصَّرَ بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن إسماعيلَ بنَسَبِ يَحيَى، وبَعضُهُم بإِسنادِه (^٣)، فالقَولُ قَولُ مَن حَفِظَ، والرِّوايَةُ الَّتِى ذَكَرناها بسياقِها موافِقةٌ لِلحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى ذَلِكَ، وإِن كان بَعضُ هَؤُلاءِ يَزيدُ فى ألفاظِها ويَنقُصُ، ولَيسَ فى هذا البابِ حَديثٌ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-875>بابُ تَعيينِ القراءةِ المُطلَقَةِ فيما رُوّينا بالفاتحَةِ</span>\n\n٤٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عمرَ، عن سعيدٍ المقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- رأَى رجلًا يُصَلِّى يَومًا وهو فى المسجِدِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ الرَّجُلُ جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ، ارجِعْ فصَلِّ فإِنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ\". فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى، ثم جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على النبىِّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٤٠٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٨٦١)، والنسائى (٦٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به، وعند النسائى: خلاد بن رفاعة. بدل: خلاد بن رافع.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٠٢) عن على بن حجر عن إسماعيل بن جعفر به. ولم يقل: \"عن أبيه\". وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٩: هو بطرقه قوى، وقد أخرجه أولو السنن الأربعة.","vol":"4","page":606},{"text":"فقالَ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال: فرَجَعَ فصَلَّى مَرَّتينِ أو ثَلاثًا، ثم قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما أُحسِنُ غَيرَ ما تَرَى، فعَلِّمْنِى كَيفَ أُصَلِّى؟ فقالَ له: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فأسبِغِ الوُضوءَ ثم كَبِّرْ، فإِذا استَوَيتَ قائمًا قَرأتَ بأمِّ القُرآنِ، ثم قَرأتَ بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، ثم رَكَعتَ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ راكِعًا، ثم تَرفَعُ رأسَكَ حَتَّى تَعتَدِلَ قائمًا، وتَقولُ: سمِع اللَّه لمن حَمِدَه. ثم تَسجُدُ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ ساجِدًا، ثم تَرفَعُ رأسَكَ حَتَّى تَطمَئنَّ قاعِدًا، ثم تَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ فى صَلاتِكَ كُلِّها\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا بَحرٌ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ داوُدُ بنُ قَيسٍ المَدَنِىُّ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن عَمٍّ له بَدرِىٍّ أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسًا فى المَسجِدِ، قال. ثم [ذكَر الحديثَ] (^٢)، وقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فإِذا أتمَمتَ صَلاتَكَ على نَحوِ هذا فقَد تَمَّت صَلاتُكَ، وما نَقَصتَ مِن هذا فإِنَّما تَنقُصُه مِن صَلاتِكِ\" (^٣). أحالَ ابنُ وهبٍ بهَذِه الرِّوايَةِ على ما مَضَى، ورواه غَيرُ ابنِ وهبٍ عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ، فلَم يُثبِتْ تَعيينَ القراءةِ. ورواه يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ وهبِ عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ، فساقَ الحديثَ، وذكَر فيه قراءةَ أُمِّ القُرآنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٥)، وابن وهب (٣٨٢). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٧٩٩: عبد اللَّه ليس بالقوى، وقد أسقط منه والد المقبرى، وفيه ذكر ما زاد على الفاتحة، وقول: سمع اللَّه. وليس ذا بواجب.\n(^٢) فى س: \"ذكرها\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٦)، وابن وهب (٣٨٣)، وتقدم فى عقب (٤٠٠٣) من رواية داود ابن قيس بدون تعيين القراءة.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام ص ١٥.","vol":"4","page":607},{"text":"٤٠٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ بقيَّة، عن خالِدٍ، عن محمدٍ يَعنى ابنَ عمرٍو، عن علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ بهَذِه القِصَّةِ قال: \"إذا قُمتَ فتوَجَّهتَ إلى القِبلَةِ فكَبِّرْ، ثم اقرأْ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وبِما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن تَقرأَ، وإِذا رَكَعتَ فضَعْ راحَتَيكَ على رُكبَتَيكَ، وامدُدْ ظَهرَكَ\". وقالَ: \"إذا سَجَدتَ فمَكِّن لِسُجودِكَ، فإِذا رَفَعتَ فاقعُدْ على فخِذِكَ اليُسرَى\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيع، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَلاةَ لمن لم يَقرأْ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ فصاعِدًا\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ قال: حدَّثَنا الحُلوانِىُّ يَعنى الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ مَحمودَ بنَ الرَّبيعِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٧)، وأبو داود (٨٥٩)، وفيه: عن على بن يحيى عن أبيه عن رفاعة. وهذه رواية اللؤلؤى، وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٣/ ١٦٩ كرواية المصنف. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٩٥) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٠٠: هذا منقطع، ومحمد ليس بذاك.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٦٢٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٧٤٩)، وابن حبان (١٧٨٦، ١٧٩٣). والنسائى (٩١٠) من طريق معمر به، وتقدم فى (٢٣٩٩، ٢٤٠٠، ٢٥٠٥، ٢٩٥٤، ٢٩٥٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٧).","vol":"4","page":608},{"text":"الذى مَجَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى وجهِه مِن بئرِهِم أخبرَه، أنَّ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ أخبرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يَقرأْ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ\" (^١). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ علىٍّ الحُلوانِىِّ، ورواه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عَلىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ (^٣) فى أصلِه، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ عيسَى الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن العَلاءِ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ مِن أبى ومِن أبى السّائبِ جَميعًا وكانا جَليسَىْ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قالا: قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَلّى صَلاةً لم يَقرأْ فيها بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فهِىَ خِداجٌ، فهِىَ خِداجٌ، غَيرُ تَمامٍ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ إنِّى أكونُ أحيانًا وراءَ الإمامِ؟ فغَمَزَ ذِراعِى وقالَ: يا فارِسِىُّ اقرأْ بها فى نَفسِكَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ، يَعنِى: \"يقولُ اللَّهُ: قَسَمتُ الصَّلاةَ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى نِصفَينِ، فنِصفُها لِى ونِصفُها لِعَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ، يقولُ عَبدِى: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ يقولُ اللَّهُ: حَمِدَنِى عَبدِى. فيَقولُ: ﴿الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾. فيقولُ اللَّهُ: أثنَى عَلَىَّ عَبدِى، يقولُ عَبدِى: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. يقولُ اللَّه. مَجَّدَنِى عَبدِى، وهَذِه الآيَةُ بَينِى وبَينَ عَبدِى، يقولُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٤٣)، والبخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٣) من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٤/ ٣٦). والبخارى (٧٥٦).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"القاضى\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى الحديث (٤٠٨).","vol":"4","page":609},{"text":"عَبدِى: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. فهَذِه الآيَةُ بَينِى وبَينَه، وآخِرُ السّورَةِ لِعَبدِى، ولِعَبدِى ما سألَ. يقولُ عَبدِى: ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾ \". إلى آخِرِ السّورَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن العَلاءِ عَنهُما (^٢).\n\n٤٠١٠ - أخبرنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن أُنادِىَ فى المَدينَةِ أن: \"لا صَلاةَ إلا بقراءةِ فاتحَةِ الكِتابِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٠١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّه البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى كَثيرٍ المَدَنِىَّ قال: حدَّثَنى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ وهو قائمٌ يُصَلِّى، فصَرَخَ به فقالَ: \"تَعالَ يا أُبَىُّ\". فعَجِلَ أُبَىٌّ فى صَلاتِه، ثم جاءَ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما مَنَعَكَ يا أُبَىُّ أن تُجيبَنِى إذ دَعَوتُكَ؟ ألَيسَ اللَّهُ تعالَى يقولُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُوا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٤٠٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٩٥/ ٤١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٤٥).","vol":"4","page":610},{"text":"اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ﴾؟ [الأنفال: ٢٤] \" الآيَة. قال أُبَىٌّ: جَرمَ (^١) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لا تَدعونِى إلا أجَبتُكَ وإِن كُنتُ مُصَلّيًا. قال: \"تُحِبُّ أن أُعَلِّمَكَ سورَةً لم يَنزِلْ فى التَّوارَةِ ولا فى الإِنجيلِ ولا فى الزَّبورِ ولا فى الفُرقانِ مِثلُها؟ \". فقالَ أُبَىٌّ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"لا تَخرُجُ مِن بابِ المَسجِدِ حَتَّى تَعَلَّمَها\". والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَمشِى يُريدُ أن يَخرُجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ البابَ ليَخرُجَ قال له أُبَىٌّ (^٢): السّورَةُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فوَقَفَ فقالَ: \"نَعَم، كَيفَ تَقرأُ فى صَلاتِكَ؟ \". فقَرأَ أُبَىٌّ \"أُمَّ القُرآنِ\" فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه ما أُنزِلَ فى التَّوراةِ ولا فى الإِنجيلِ ولا فى الزَّبورِ ولا فى الفُرقانِ مِثلُها، وإِنَّها لَهِىَ السَّبعُ المَثانِى الذى آتانِى اللَّهُ ﷿\" (^٣).\nورواه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن العَلاءِ عن أبيه عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ بمَعناه فى قِصَّةِ \"الفاتِحَةِ\" دونَ قِصَّةِ الإِجابَةِ (^٤)، ورواه جَهضَمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن العَلاءِ عن أبيه عن أبى هريرةَ (^٥)، وخالَفَهُم مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ فرواه عن العَلاءِ عن أبى سعيدٍ مَولَى عامِرِ بنِ كُرَيزٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لأُبَىِّ ابنِ كَعبٍ. فذكَره مُرسَلًا (^٦)، ورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) جرم: أى وجب وحُقَّ. النهاية ١/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) فى م: \"أى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (١١٨٨) من طريق أبى عثمان عمرو بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (٣١٢٥)، والنسائى (٩١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٥٠٠، ٥٠١) من طريق عبد الحميد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٨٧٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٢٠٨)، والمصنف فى القراءة خلف الإمام (١٠٤) من طريق جهضم به.\n(^٦) مالك ١/ ٨٣.","vol":"4","page":611},{"text":"أبى بكرٍ عن أبى الزِّنادِ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-876>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّها سَبعُ آياتٍ بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾</span>\n\n٤٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ أُمُّ القُرآنِ، والسَّبعُ المَثانِى والقُرآنُ العَظيمُ\" (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٣).\nورواه نوحُ بنُ أبى بلالٍ عن المَقبُرِىِّ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ:\n\n٤٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا تَمتامٌ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن نوحِ بنِ أبى بلالٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \" ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ سَبعُ آيات بـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾، وهِىَ السَّبعُ المَثانِى وهِىَ أُمُّ القُرآنِ وفاتِحَةُ الكِتاب\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٥٥٨، والمصنف فى الشعب (١٥١٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٣٤٤). وأخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٤٩) عن آدم به. وأحمد (٩٧٨٨)، والدارمى (٣٤١٧)، وأبو داود (١٤٥٧)، والترمذى (٣١٢٤) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٠٤).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٣٢٥)، وأيضًا (٢٣٢٤) عن إسحاق به. وأخرجه أبو عمرو الدانى فى =","vol":"4","page":612},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: ثم لَقِيتُ نوحًا فحَدَّثَنِى به عن سعيدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^١)، ورُوّينا عن علىٍّ (^٢) وابنِ عباسٍ (^٣) وغَيرِهِما ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-877>بابُ وُجوبِ التَّشَهُّدِ الآخِرِ</span>\n\n٤٠١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ سَهلٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى قالا: [حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى] (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، وعَن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ كما يُعَلِّمُنا القُرآنَ، وكانَ يقولُ: \"التَّحيّاتُ المُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ للَّهِ، سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، سَلامٌ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه، وأشهَدُ أن محمدًا\n_________\n= البيان فى عد آى القرآن ص ٣٧ من طريق المعافى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٠٢: إسحاق؛ وقال أبو على النيسابورى: متروك، وأما نوح وإن كان صادقا، فتفرده يعد منكرا. وتقدم فى (٢٤٢٤) من طريق على بن ثابت عن عبد الحميد به.\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٤٢٥). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٠٢: الوقف أصح.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٤٢٣).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٤٢٢).\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م. وتقدم على الصواب مرارًا. وينظر المنتخب من السياق ١/ ٤٠٠.","vol":"4","page":613},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عيسَى. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ كما يُعَلِّمُنا السّورة مِنَ القُرآنِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّه بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ وغَيرُه ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن حِطّانَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّه الرَّقاشِى، أنَّ أبا موسَى صَلَّى بالنّاسِ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفيه عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"فإِذا كان عندَ القُعودِ فليَقُلْ أوَّلَ ما يَتَكَلَّمُ به: التَّحيّاتُ الطَّيِّباتُ الزّاكيّاتِ للَّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصّالِحينَ، أشهدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه وأشهَدُ أن محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٠٠) عن محمد بن رمح. وأحمد (٢٦٦٥)، وأبو داود (٩٧٤)، والترمذى (٢٩٠)، والنسائى (١١٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٠٥)، وابن حبان (١٩٥٢ - ١٩٥٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٠٣/ ٦٠).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٠١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٩٢)، والنسائى (١٢٧٧) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٠٣/ ٦١).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٨٨٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٣٠٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٦٥)، وعنه أبو داود =","vol":"4","page":614},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\n\n٤٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، أخبرَنِى حَمّادٌ ومَنصورٌ والأعمَشُ وأبو هاشِمٍ وحُصَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، كُلُّهُم عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. وأبو إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ وأَبِى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا إذا صَلَّينا لا نَدرِى ما نَقولُ، نَقولُ: السَّلامُ على اللَّهِ، السَّلامُ على جِبريلَ، السَّلامُ على ميكائيلَ، السَّلامُ على النَّبيّينَ. [فعَلَّمَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ هو السَّلامُ] (^٢)، فإِذا صلَّيتُم فقولوا: التَّحيّاتُ للَّهِ، والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النبىُّ ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللَّهِ الصالِحينَ\". قال أبو وائلٍ فى حَديثِه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"فإِذا قُلتَها أصابَت كُلَّ مَلَكِ مُقَرَّبٍ ونَبِىٍّ مُرسَلٍ وعَبدِ صالِح، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، وأشهَدُ أن محمدًا عَبدُه ورسولُه\" (^٣).\n\n٤٠١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ وأَبِى عُبَيدَةَ،\n_________\n= (٩٧٢)، والدارمى (١٣٩٨)، ومسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٢، ٦٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٧٢، ٩٧٣)، والنسائى (١٠٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٩٠١)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٧) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^١) مسلم (٤٠٤/ ٦٤).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٣٠٦١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٠١٧)، وابن ماجه عقب (٨٩٩). وتقدم فى (٢٨٦٠).","vol":"4","page":615},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٤٠١٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَحمودُ بنُ علىٍّ البَرازُ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ ومَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائل، عن عبدِ اللَّه قال: كُنّا نَقولُ قَبلَ أن يُفرَضَ عَلَينا التَّشَهُّدُ: السَّلامُ على اللَّه قَبلَ خَلقِه، السَّلامُ على جِبريلَ وميكائيلَ. فعَلَّمَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- التَّشَهُّدَ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ صاعِدٍ عن المَخزومِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ التَّميمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى إسرائيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَعشَرٍ البَرّاءُ (^٥) يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن أبى حمزة، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلَّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ كما يُعَلَّمُنا السُّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ ويَقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ إلا بتَشَهُّدَ\" (^٦). وبِمَعناه رواه صُغدِىُّ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٢١)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٣٥٦٢) من طريق أبى عبيدة به. وتقدم فى (٢٨٦٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٣٢٨)، ومسلم (٤٠٢/ ٥٥ - ٥٨).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"البزار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٢٦.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٨٦٠).\n(^٥) لقب بـ \"البراء\" لأنه كان يبرى النبل أو العود. تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٤٧٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٥ من طريق أبى معشر البراء به.","vol":"4","page":616},{"text":"أبى حَمزَةَ (^١). وهو بشَواهِدِه الصَّحيحَةِ يَقوَى بَعضَ القوَّةِ.\n\n٤٠٢١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا أبو وكيعٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّه قالَ: التَّشَهُّدُ تَمامُ الصَّلاةِ (^٢). ورُوّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قالَ: لا تَجوزُ صَلاةٌ إلا بتَشَهُّدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-878>بابُ وُجوبِ الصَّلاةِ على النبىِّ -ﷺ</span>-\nوقَد مضَى فى هذا البابِ حَديثُ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٤) وكَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ (^٥) وأَبِى سعيدٍ (^٦) وفَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٧) وغَيرِهِم.\n\n٤٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٤/ ١٤٠٩، والطبرانى (٩٩٢٢)، وفى الأوسط (٤٥٧٤)، وأبو نعيم فى الحلية ٤/ ٢٣٦ من طريق صغدى به. ورواه البزار (١٥٧١) من طريق أبى حمزة. قال الهيثمى: وفيه صغدى بن سنان ضعفه ابن معين، ورواه البزار برجال موثقين فى بعضهم خلاف لا يضر إن شاء اللَّه. مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٧٥ من طريق أبى وكيع بلفظ: التشهد انقضاء الصلاة.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٨٦٥).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٨٨٧ - ٢٨٨٩).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٨٩٠، ٢٨٩١).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٢٨٩٢).\n(^٧) تقدم فى (٢٨٩٣).","vol":"4","page":617},{"text":"محدَّثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنى -فى الصَّلاةِ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا المَرءُ المُسلِمُ صَلَّى عليه فى صَلاتِه- محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ (^١)، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ ابنِ عبدِ رَبِّه الأنصارِىُّ أخِى بَلحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢) عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو قال: أقبَلَ رجلٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ عندَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه أمّا السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ فقَد عَرَفناه، فكَيفَ نُصَلِّى عَلَيكَ إذا نَحنُ صلَّينا فى صَلاتِنا؟ قال: فصمَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى أحبَبنا أنَّ الرَّجُلَ لم يَسأَلْه، ثم قال: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم عَلَىَّ فقدلوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ النبىِّ الأُمِّىِّ، وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ على إبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إبراهيمَ، وبارِكْ على محمدِ النبىِّ الأُمِّىِّ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، كما بارَكتَ على إبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إبراهيمَ إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\". قال عَلِىٌّ: هذا إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ مُتَّصِلٌ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ السَّبّاقِ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إذا تَشَهَّدَ أحَدُكُم فى الصَّلاةِ فليَقُل: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، وبارِكْ على محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"التميمى\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى المهذب ٢/ ٨٠٤، وتقدم فى (١١٩٦، ١٨٥٦، ١٨٨٩، ١٩٨٧، ٢٠٠٨)، وغيرها. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"عن\". والمثبت هو الصواب وينظر الإصابة ٧/ ٢١٠.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٨٨٨).","vol":"4","page":618},{"text":"وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ، وارحَم محمدًا وآلَ محمدٍ، كما صَلَّيتَ وبارَكتَ وتَرَحَّمتَ على إبراهيمَ وعَلَى آلِ إبراهيمَ، إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ\" (^١). كَذا قاله عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁-. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٠٢٤ - ورَوَى عبدُ المُهَيمِنِ بنُ عَبّاسِ بنِ سَهلٍ السّاعِدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى، عن جَدِّى، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ لِمَن لا وُضوءَ له، ولا وُضوءَ لِمَن لم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّه عليه، ولا صَلاةَ لِمَن لم يُصلِّ على نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ بَحرٍ البَرِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ المُهَيمِنِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوعَبدُ المُهَيمِنِ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ برِواياتِهِ (^٣). ورُوِى فيه عن عائشةَ مَرفوعًا وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٩، وصحح إسناده. قال ابن القيم: وفى تصحيح الحاكم لهذا الحديث نظر ظاهر؛ فإن يحيى بن السباق وشيخه غير معروفين بعدالة ولا بجرح. جلاء الأفهام ص ٥٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه الرويانى (١٠٩٥)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٥ من طريق على بن بحر به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٠٠) من طريق عبد المهيمن به. فى الزوائد: ضعيف لاتفاقهم على ضعف عبد المهيمن.\n(^٣) هو عبد المهيمن بن عباس بن سهل الساعدى الأنصارى المدنى أخو أُبَىِّ بن عباس. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٣٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٦٧، والضعفاء ٣/ ١١٤، والكامل ٥/ ١٩٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٤٠. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٥٢٥: ضعيف.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٥ من حديث عائشة. وفيه عمرو بن شمر وجابر الجعفى. قال الدارقطنى: ضعيفان.","vol":"4","page":619},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا إسرائيلُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: لَو صَليتُ صَلاةً لا أصَلِّى فيها على آلِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- لَرأيتُ أنَّ صَلاتِى لا تَتِمُّ (^١).\n\n٤٠٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ التَّميمِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مُعاويَةَ الطَّلحِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو حُصينٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مالكٍ الجَنْبِىُّ، عن شَريكٍ. قال: وحَدَّثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، جَميعًا، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ البَدرِىِّ قال: لَو صَلَّيتُ صَلاةً لا أصَلِّى فيها على محمدٍ وعَلَى آلِ محمدٍ ما رأَيتُ أنَّها تَتِمُّ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nوفيما مَضَى ههُنا وفى بابِ صِفَةِ الصَّلاةِ كِفايَةٌ (^٤). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال: مَن لم يُصَلِّ على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّشَهُّد فليُعِدْ صَلاتَه. أو قال: لا تُجزِئُ صَلاتُه (^٥). ورُوّينا مَعناه عن الحَجّاج بنِ أرطاةَ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٥٣٩. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٥٥، ٣٥٦ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ٦/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨ عن شريك وإسرائيل به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٨٨٧ - ٢٨٩٤).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٩٠٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد عن الشعبى.","vol":"4","page":620},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-879>بابُ وُجوبِ التَّحَلُّلِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ بالتَّسليمِ</span>\n\n٤٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الطُّهورُ، وإِحرامُها التَّكبيرُ، وإِحلالُها التَّسليمُ\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرَ، أخبرَنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الوُضوءُ، وتَحريمُها التَّكبيرُ، وتَحليلُها التَّسليمُ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو عمرَ الضَّريرُ هَكَذا فيما زَعَمَ ابنُ صاعِدٍ (^٣) وكَثيرٌ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ، وقَد تابَعَه عليه حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ عن حَسّانَ (^٤)، فحَسّانُ هو الذى تَفَرَّدَ بهِ.\n\n٤٠٢٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ أبى الدُّمَيكِ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ (^٥) اللَّهِ العَيشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٨٤). وتقدم فى (٢٢٩٣، ٣٠٠٤، ٣٤١٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢٣٩٠) عن أبى مسلم به. وابن عدى ٢/ ٧٨٣، والحاكم ١/ ١٣٢ من طريق أبى عمر به. وقال الحاكم: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد على شرط مسلم ولم يخرجاه.\n(^٣) ذكره ابن عدى ٢/ ٧٨٣ عن ابن صاعد.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٧٨٤ من طريق حبان بن هلال به.\n(^٥) فى م، والكامل: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٤٧.","vol":"4","page":621},{"text":"حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ الوُضوءُ، والتَّكبيرُ تَحريمُها، والتَّسليمُ تَحليلُها\" (^١). هذا هو المَحفوظُ عن أبى سُفيانَ طَريفٍ السَّعدِىِّ، وحَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ يَدورُ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٤٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ يَعنِى المُقرِئَ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوُضوءُ مِفتاحُ الصَّلاةِ، والتَّكبيرُ تَحريمُها، والتَّسليمُ تَحليلُها، وفى كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ تَسليمٌ، ولا تُجزِئُ صَلاةٌ إلا بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ ومَعَها غَيرُها\". قال أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ: فقُلتُ لأبِى حَنيفَةَ: ما يَعنِى: \"فى كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ تَسليمٌ؟ \" قال: يَعنِى التَّشَهُّدَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رواه علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ وغَيرُه عن أبى سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٣١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن عمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٧٨٤ عن ابن أبى الدميك به. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (١١٢٥) من طريق حسان به. وتقدم (٢٥٨٨) من طريق أبى سفيان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٠٥ عن أبى سفيان. وهو متروك.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٣٦). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى مسند أبى حنيفة ص ١٣٠ من طريق بشر ابن موسى به. والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٥، ٣٦٦ من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٦، ٨٣٩) من طريق على بن مسهر به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٣٠٦): هذا إسناد ضعيف، أبو سفيان السعدى. . . قال ابن عبد البر: أجمعوا على ضعفه. لكن تابع أبا سفيان قتادة، كما رواه ابن حبان فى صحيحه.","vol":"4","page":622},{"text":"عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قَعَدَ فى آخِرِ صَلاتِه قَبلَ التَّشَهُّدِ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ بوَجهِه، وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يَنزِلَ التَّسليمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-880>بابُ الذِّكرِ يَقومُ مَقامَ القراءةِ إذا لم يُحسِنْ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيئًا</span>\n\n٤٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى الخُتُّلِىُّ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ علىِّ بنِ خَلَّادِ بنِ رافِعٍ الزُّرَقِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقَصَّ يَعنِى حَديثَ الرَّجُلِ الذى صلَّى، وقالَ فيما عَلَّمَه النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قُمتَ إلى الصَّلاةِ فتَوَضأ كما أمَرَكَ اللَّهُ، ثم تَشَهَّدْ فأقِمْ، ثم كَبِّرْ، فإِن كان مَعَكَ قرآنٌ فاقرأْ به، وإِلا فاحمَدِ اللَّهَ وكَبِّرْه وهلِّلْه\". وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"وإِنِ انتَقَصتَ مِنه شَيئًا انتَقَصتَ (^٣) مِن صَلاتِكَ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٠٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عيسَى محمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثقفى علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ السَّعدِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادِ بنِ رافِعٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٩٤٤). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٥/ ١١٧ من طريق عمر بن ذر به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الحنظلى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٣) فى ص ٢: \"لينتقص\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٨٦١). وصححه الألبانى فى صحح أبى داود (٧٦٧).\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٣ - دون ذكر الشاهد- وسنن الترمذى (٣٠٢) عن على بن حجر وحده، وفيه: عن يحيى بن على عن جده. وأشار الشيخ شاكر إلى أن \"عن أبيه\" سقط من جميع النسخ الخطية، وأنه =","vol":"4","page":623},{"text":"٤٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ البَرجَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن إبراهيمَ السَّكسَكِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى قال: جاءَ رجل إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى لا أُحسِنُ القُرآنَ، فعَلِّمْنِى شَيئًا يَجزينى مِنَ القُرآنِ. قال: \"الحَمدُ للَّهِ، وسُبحانَ اللَّه، ولا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، واللَّهُ أكبَرُ، ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّهِ\". فلَمّا عَقَدَ عَلَيهِنَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هَذِه لِرَبِّى، فماذا أقولُ لِنَفسِى؟ قال: \"قُلِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِى وارحَمْنِى واهدِنِى وارزُقنِى وعافِنِى\". قال: فقَبَضَ عَلَيهِنَّ ثم ولَّى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد مَلأ هذا يَدَيه مِنَ الخَيرِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ حَسَنٍ الهِلالىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن إبراهيمَ السَّكسَكِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى قال: أتَى النبىَّ -ﷺ- رجلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى لا أستَطيعُ أن اخُذَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيئًا، فعَلِّمْنِى ما يَجزينِى مِنَ القُرآنِ. قال: \"سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، والحمدُ للَّهِ، ولا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، واللَّهُ أكبَرُ، ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّهِ\". قال: فقامَ أو ذَهَبَ أو نَحوَ هذا، فقالَ: هذا للَّهِ، فما لِى؟ قال: \"قُلِ: اللهُمَّ اغفِر لِى وارحَمْنِى وعافِنِى وارزُقْنِى\". قال مِسعَرٌ: وربما استَفهَمتُ بَعضَه مِن أبى خالِدٍ (^٢).\n_________\n= أثبتها لموافقة الصواب. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٦٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٥) من طريق على ابن حجر به.\n(^١) المصنف فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (١٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٠٩) من طريق المسعودى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٣٨) عن أبى نعيم به. والنسائى (٩٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤٤)، وابن حبان =","vol":"4","page":624},{"text":"ورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى خالِدٍ يَزيدَ الدّالانِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ:\n\n٤٠٣٦ - أخبرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهِيارَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ الواسِطِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى قال: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى لا أُحسِنُ شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ، فعَلِّمْنِى ما يَجزينِى مِنه. فقال: \"قُلْ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، والحمدُ للَّهِ، ولا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، واللَّهُ أكبَرُ، ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللَّه\". فذَهَبَ ثم رَجَعَ فقالَ: هَؤُلاءِ لِرَبِّى فما لِى؟ قال: \"قُلِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لِى، وارحَمْنِى، واهدِنِى، وارزُقْنِى، وعافِنِى، واعفُ عَنِّى\". فلَمّا ولَّى الرَّجُلُ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا هذا فقَد مَلأ يَدَه مِنَ الخَيرِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-881>بابُ مَن قال: تَسقُطُ القراءةُ عَمَّن نَسِىَ. ومَن قال: لا تَسقُطُ</span>\n\n٤٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ\n_________\n= (١٨٠٩) من طريق مسعر به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٨٨٥).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١١٠)، وأبو داود (٨٣٢) من طريق وكيع به. وعبد بن حميد (٥٢٣ - منتخب) من طريق الثورى به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٤٢).","vol":"4","page":625},{"text":"المَغرِبَ فلَم يَقرأْ فيها، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قيلَ له: ما قَرأتَ. قالَ: فكَيفَ كان الرُّكوعُ والسُّجودُ؟ قالو ا: حَسَنًا. قال: فلا بأسَ إذن (^١).\nوإِلَى هذا كان يَذهَبُ الشافعىُّ فى القَديمِ ويَرويه أيضًا عن رجلٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ أبى سلمةَ (^٢). ويُضعِّفُ ما رُوِى فى هَذِه القِصَّةِ عن الشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، أنَّ عمرَ أعادَ الصَّلاةَ. بأَنَّهُما مُرسَلَتانِ. قال: وأبو سلمةَ يُحَدِّثُه بالمَدينَةِ وعِندَ آلِ عمرَ لا يُنكِرُه أحَدٌ.\n\n٤٠٣٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا بحَديثِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبى سليمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- صَلَّى بالنّاسِ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ فلَم يَقرأْ شَيئًا حَتَّى سَلَّمَ، فلَما فرَغَ قيلَ له: إنَّكَ لم تَقرأْ شَيئًا. فقالَ: إنِّى جَهَّزتُ عِيرًا إلى الشّامِ، فجَعَلتُ أُنزِلُها مَنْقَلَةً مَنْقَلَةً (^٣) حَتَّى قَدِمَتِ الشامَ فبِعتُها وأقَتابَها وأَحلاسَها وأَحمالَها. قال: فأَعادَ عُمَرُ وأَعادوا (^٤).\n\n٤٠٣٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ إسحاقَ البَغدادِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٨٧) والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٧. وتقدم فى (٣٩١٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (١١٨٧) عن الشافعى.\n(^٣) المنقلة: المرحلة من مراحل السفر. ينظر اللسان ١١/ ٦٧٤ (ن ق ل).\n(^٤) أخرج أبو يوسف فى كتاب الآثار (١٣٩)، ومحمد بن الحسن الشيبانى فى الحجة على أهل المدينة ١/ ٢٣٧، ٢٣٨ من طريق حماد بن أبى سليمان به.","vol":"4","page":626},{"text":"أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثنا كامِلٌ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ أنَّ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أقَرأتَ فى نَفسِكَ؟ قال: لا. قال: فإِنَّكَ لم تَقرأْ. فأَعادَ الصَّلاةَ.\n\n٤٠٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا مُعاذٌ، حدَّثَنا كامِلٌ، حدَّثَنا حَمّاد، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أقَرأتَ فى نَفسِكَ؟ قال: لا. فأَمَرَ المُؤَذِّنينَ فأَذَّنوا وأقاموا، وأَعادَ الصَّلاةَ بهِم (^١).\nوهَذِه الرِّوايات عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ مُرسَلَةٌ كما قال الشافعىُّ، ورِوإيَةُ أبى سلمةَ وإِن كانَت مُرسَلَةً فهوَ أصَحُّ مَراسيلَ، وحَديثُه بالمَدينَةِ فى مَوضِعِ الواقِعَةِ كما قال الشافعىُّ لا يُنكِرُه أحَدٌ، إلا أنَّ حَديثَ الشَّعبِىِّ قَد أُسنِدَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ. والإِعادَةُ أشبَهُ بالسُّنَّةِ فى وُجوبِ القراءةِ وأَنَّها لا تَسقُطُ بالنِّسيانِ كَسائرِ الأركانِ.\n\n٤٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبوٍ بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا قَبيصَةُ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن عامِرٍ يَعنِى الشَّعبِىَّ، عن زيادٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عِياضٍ خَتَنَ أبى موسَى قال: صلَّى عُمَرُ فلَم يَقرأ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٥٤)، وأحمد (ص ١٧٣، ١٧٤ - مسائل ابنه صالح) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"4","page":627},{"text":"فأَعادَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى عن عمرَ -﵁- فيه روايةٌ ثالِثَةٌ تَفَرَّدَ بها عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ:\n\n٤٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَتّابٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن ضَمضَمِ ابنِ جَوْسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ حَنظَلَةَ بنِ الرّاهِبِ قالَ: صَلَّى بنا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- المَغرِبَ، فلَم يَقرأْ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى شَيئًا، فلَمّا قامَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ قرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، ثم عادَ فقَرأ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن صلاتِه سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ بَعدَما سَلّمَ (^٢). لَفظ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ.\nوفى رِوايَةِ عاصِمِ بنِ علىٍّ: ثم مَضَى فصَلَّى صلاتَه، ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَى السَّهوِ، ثم سَلَّمَ. وزادَ عندَ قَولِه: شَيئًا. فَسَها (^٣). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ على هذا الوَجهِ تفرَّد بها عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ عن ضَمضمِ بنِ جَوْسٍ، وسائرُ الرِّواياتِ أكثَرُ وأَشهَرُ وإِن كان بَعضُها مُرسَلًا. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٦٥. وأخرجه أحمد (ص ١٧٤ - مسائل ابنه صالح) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث (١٨٣ - بغية) عن عاصم بن على به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٤١ من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٢٧٥١)، وابن سعد ٥/ ٦٦ من طريق عكرمة به. وتقدم كلام المصنف على عكرمة عقب (٦٥٢).\n(^٣) فى م: \"نسيها\".","vol":"4","page":628},{"text":"وفى رِوايَةِ الحارِثِ عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّ رجلًا قالَ: إنِّى صَلَّيتُ ولَم أقرأْ. قالَ: أتمَمتَ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ؟ قالَ: نَعَم. قالَ: تَمَّت صَلاتُكَ (^١). وهَذا إن صَحَّ فمَحمولٌ على تَركِ الجَهرِ أو قراءةِ السّورَةِ؛ بدَليلِ ما مَضَى مِنَ الأخبارِ المُسنَدَةِ فى إيجابِ (^٢) القراءةِ (^٣). والحارِثُ الأعوَرُ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-882>بابُ وُجوبِ القراءةِ على ما نَزَلَ مِنَ الأحرُفِ السَّبْعَةِ دونَ غَيِرهِنَّ مِنَ اللُّغاتِ</span>\n\n٤٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ وعَبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِئَ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: مَرَرتُ بهِشامِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ يَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الفُرقانِ\" فى حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاستَمَعتُ قراءتَه، فإِذا هو يَقرأُ على حُروفٍ كَثيرَةٍ لم يُقرِئْنيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فكِدتُ أن أُساوِرَه (^٥) فى الصَّلاةِ، فانتَظَرتُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ، فلمَّا سَلَّمَ لَبَّبتُه برِدائِه فقُلتُ: مَن أقرأكَ هَذِه السّورَةَ الَّتِى أسمَعُكَ تَقرَؤُها؟ قالَ: أقرأنيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قالَ: قُلتُ له: كذبتَ واللَّهِ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَهوَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٤٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٠٢٧) من طريق الحارث به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"إيجاد\".\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٣٩٥ - ٢٤٠٥).\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٣٣).\n(^٥) أى: أعاجله وأواثبه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٠١.","vol":"4","page":629},{"text":"أقرأَنِى هَذِه السُّورة الَّتِى تَقرَؤُها. فانطَلَقتُ أقودُه إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ هذا يَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الفُرقانِ\" على حُروفٍ لم تُقرِئْنيها، وأَنتَ أقرأتَنِى سورَةَ \"الفُرقانِ\". فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أرسِلْه يا عُمَرُ، اقرأْها (^١) يا هِشامُ\". فقَرأَ عليه القراءةَ الَّتِى سَمعتُ، فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَكَذا أُنزِلَت\". ثم قال النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اقرأْ يا عُمَرُ\". فقَرأتُ القراءةَ الَّتى أقرأَنِى النبىُّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَكَذا أُنزِلَت\". ثم قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ القُرآن أُنزِلَ على سَبعَةِ أحرُفِ، فاقرَءوا مِنه ما تَيَسَّرَ\" (^٢). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلِ ويونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ وعَلِىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى بنِ عبدِ الرحمن بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن جَدِّه عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا فى المَسجِدِ، فدَخَلَ رجلٌ فقَرأ قراءةً أنكَرتُها عليه، ثم جاءَ آخَرُ فقَرأ قراءةً سِوَى قراءةِ صاحِبِه، فلَمّا انصَرَفا دَخَلنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) فى مصادر التخريج: \"اقرأ\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٦٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٨)، والترمذى (٢٩٤٣). وتقدم من طريق مالك عن الزهرى (٢٩٥٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨١٨/. . .)، والبخارى (٤٩٩٢، ٦٩٣٦، ٧٥٥٠)، ورواية يونس ذكرها تعليقًا.","vol":"4","page":630},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ هذا الرَّجُلَ قرأ قراءةً أنكَرتُها عليه، ثم قرأ هذا سِوَى قراءةِ صاحِبِهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلرَّجُلِ: \"اقرأْ\". فقَرأَ، ثم قال لِلآخَرِ: \"اقرأْ\". فقَرأ فقال: \"أحسَنتُما\" أو: \"أصَبتُما\". فلَمّا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَسَّنَ شأنَهُما سُقِطَ فى نَفسِى، ووَدِدتُ أنِّى كُنتُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ (^١)، قال: فلَمّا رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما غَشيَنِى ضرَبَ بيَدِه فى صَدرِى، ففِضتُ عَرَقًا وكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلى اللَّهِ فرَقًا، ثم قال: \"يا أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ إنَّ رَبِّى أرسَلَ إلىَّ، أنِ اقرأَ القُرآنَ على حَرفٍ\". قال: \"فرَدَدتُ عليه: يا رَبِّ هَوِّنْ على أُمَّتِى. فرَدَّ عَلَىَّ الثّانيَةَ، أنِ اقرأَ القرآنَ على حَرفٍ\" (^٢). قالَ \"قُلتُ: يا رَبِّ هَوِّن على أُمَّتِى. فرَدَّ عَلَىَّ الثّالِثَةَ، أن اقرأْ على سَبعَةِ أحرُفٍ، ولَكَ بكُلِّ رَدَّةٍ رَدَدتَها مَسألَةٌ تَسألُنيها. فقُلتُ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لأُمَّتِى، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لأُمَّتِى، وأخَّرتُ الثّالِثَةَ إلى يَومٍ يَرغَبُ إلىَّ فيه الخَلقُ حَتَّى إبراهيمُ ﵇\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن إسماعيلَ، إلا أنَّه قال: فسُقِطَ فى نَفسِى مِنَ التَّكذيبِ ولا إذ كُنتُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ (^٤). وقالَ غَيرُه (^٥): سُقِطَ فى نَفسِى وكَبُرَ عَلَىَّ ولا إذ كُنتُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) قال القاض عياض: هذا مما ينبغى أن يحمل على أنه وقع فى نفسه خاطر ونزغة من الشيطان غير مستقرة؛ لأن إيمان الصحابة ﵃ فوق إيمان من بعدهم واختلاف القراءات ليس بعظيم الموقع فى الشبهات. إكمال المعلم ٣/ ١٠٨.\n(^٢) فى مصادر التخريج: \"حرفين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٨٤٤) من طريق يعلى به. وأحمد (٢١١٧١، ٢١١٧٩)، ومسلم (٨٢٠/. . .)، وابن حبان (٧٤٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٢٠/ ٢٧٣).\n(^٥) ينظر المسند المستخرج لأبى نعيم (١٨٥٥).","vol":"4","page":631},{"text":"ما كَبُرَ عَلَىَّ.\n\n٤٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ قراءةً عليه مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حَدَّثَ الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عَبادٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ قال: أخبرَنِى الحَكَمُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن أُبَى بنِ كَعبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أتاه جِبريلُ وهو عندَ أضاةِ (^١) بنى غِفارٍ، قال: إنَّ اللَّه ﷿ يأمُرُكَ أنتَ وأُمَّتَكَ أن تَقرأَ القُرآنَ على حَرفٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أسألُ اللَّهَ مُعافاتَه ومَغفِرَتَه، إنَّ أُمَّتِى لا تُطيقُ هذا\". ثم عادَ فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّه ﷿ يأمُرُكَ أنتَ وأُمَّتَكَ أن تَقرأَ القُرآنَ على حَرفَينِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أُمَّتِى لا تُطيقُ هذا\". ثم عادَ فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّه ﷿ يأمُرُكَ أنتَ وأُمَّتَكَ أن تَقرأَ القُرآنَ على ثَلاثَةِ أحرُفٍ. قال: \"أسألُ اللَّه مُعافاتَه ومَغفِرَتَه، إنَّ أُمَتِى لا تُطيقُ ذَلِكَ\". ثم أتاه فقال: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يأمُرُكَ أنتَ وأُمَّتَكَ أن تَقرأَ القُرآنَ على سَبعَةِ أحرُفٍ، أىُّ حَرفٍ قَرَءوا عليه فقَد أصابوا (^٢). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ ومُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حَدَّثَ الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ يَعمَرَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ صُرَدٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الأضَاة بوزن الحَصَاة: الغدير. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٧٢)، وأبو داود (١٤٧٨) مختصرًا، والنسائى (٩٣٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٢١).","vol":"4","page":632},{"text":"قَرأتُ آيَةً وقَرأ ابنُ مَسعودٍ قراءةً خِلافَها، فأَتَينا النبىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: ألَم تُقرِئْنِى آيَةَ كَذا وكَذا؟ قال: \"بَلَى\" فقال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: ألَم تُقرِئْنيها كَذا وكَذا؟ قال: \"بَلَى\". قال: \"كِلاكُما فحسِنٌ فجمِلٌ\". قُلتُ: ما كِلانا أحسَنَ ولا أجمَلَ. قال: فضَرَبَ فى صَدرِى وقالَ: \"يا أبَىُّ أُقرِئتُ القُرآنَ فقيلَ لِى: أعَلَى حَرفِ أم على حَرفَينِ؟ فقالَ المَلَك الذى مَعِىَ: على حَرفَينِ. فقُلتُ: على حَرفَينِ. فقيلَ لِى: على حَرفَينِ أم ثَلَاثَةٍ؟ فقالَ المَلَكُ الذى مَعِىَ: على ثَلَاثَةٍ. فقُلتُ: ثَلاثَةٍ. حَتَّى بَلَغَ سَبعَةَ أحرُفٍ. قال: لَيسَ فيها إلا شافٍ كافٍ. قلتَ: \"غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ\" \"عَليمٌ حَليمٌ\" \"سَميعٌ عَليمٌ\" \"عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ\" نَحوَ هذا، ما لم تَختِمْ آيَةَ عَذاب برَحمَةٍ أو رَحمَةٍ بعَذابٍ\" (^١).\nورواه مَعمَرٌ عن قَتادَةَ فأَرسَلَه (^٢).\n\n٤٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أقرأنِى جِبريل ﵇ على حَرفِ، فراجَعتُه فلَم أزَلْ أستَزيده ويَزيذُنِى حَتَّى انتَهَى إلى سَبعَةِ أحرُفٍ\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وإِنَّما هَذِه الأحرُفُ فى الأمرِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ يَختَلِفُ فى حَلالٍ ولا حَرامٍ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١١٤٩، ٢١١٥٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٧٧) من طريق همام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٧١) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٤٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٧٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢٨٥٨). وأخرجه مسلم (٨١٩/ ٢٧٢) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"4","page":633},{"text":"عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارى مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ وعُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^١).\n\n٤٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ القاضِى وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا عمرٌو هو ابنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القراءةَ فوَجَدناهُم مُتَقارِبينَ، اقرَءوا ما عُلِّمتُم، وإيّاكُم والتَّنَطُّعَ والاختِلافَ، فإِنَّما هو كَقَولِ أحَدِهِم: \"هَلُمَّ\" و\"تَعالَ\" و\"أَقبِلْ\". لفظُ حَديثِ شعبَةَ. وفى حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه: إنِّى قَد سَمِعتُ. وقالَ: فاقرَءوا كما عُلِّمتُم. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: و\"أَقبِلْ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: سَبعَةُ أحرُفٍ. يَعنِى سَبعَ لُغاتٍ مِن لُغاتِ العَرَبِ، ولَيسَ مَعناه أن يَكونَ فى الحَرفِ الواحِدِ سَبعَةُ أوجُهٍ، هذا ما لم يُسمَعْ به قَطُّ، ولَكِن يقولُ: هَذِه اللُّغاتُ السَّبعُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨١٩/. . .)، والبخارى (٣٢١٩، ٤٩٩١).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٤٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ١/ ٣٢٠، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٣/ ٧٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١١٤٦٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (٣٤ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٥٢٩)، والطبرانى (٨٦٨٠)، وفى الأوسط (١٤٠٩) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"4","page":634},{"text":"مُتَفَرِّقَة فى القُرآنِ، فبَعضُه نَزَلَ بلُغَةِ قُرَيشٍ، وبَعضُه بلُغَةِ هَوازِنَ، وبَعضُه بلُغَةِ هُذَيلٍ، وبَعضُه بلُغَةِ أهلِ اليَمَنِ، وكَذَلِكَ سائرُ اللُّغاتِ، ومَعانيها فى هذا كُلِّه واحِدٌ، ومِمّا يُبَيِّنُ لَكَ ذَلِكَ قَولُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال: وكَذَلِكَ قال ابنُ سيرينَ: إنَّما هو كَقَولِكَ: \"هَلُمَّ\" و\"تَعالَ\" و\"أَقبِلْ\". ثم فسَّرَه ابنُ سيرينَ فقالَ: فى قراءةِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ: (إن كانَت إلا زَقيَةً واحِدَةً) (^١) وفى قراءتِنا: ﴿صَحَيحَة وَحدَةً﴾ [يس: ٢٩]. والمَعنَى فيهِما واحِدٌ، وعَلَى هذا سائرُ اللُّغاتِ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ (^٣)، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ حَمزَةَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ فى قِصَّةِ جَمعِ القُرآنِ حينَ دَعا عثمانُ بنُ عفانَ -﵁- زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، فأَمَرَه وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدَ بنَ العاصِ وعَبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أن يَنسَخوا الصُّحُفَ فى المَصاحِفِ، وقالَ: ما اختَلَفتُم أنتُم وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فيه فاكتُبوه بلِسانِ قُرَيشٍ، فإِنَّما نَزَلَ بلِسانِهِم. فكَتَبوا الصُّحُفَ فى المَصاحِفِ، فاختَلَفوا هُم وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فى \"التّابوتِ\"، فقالَ الرَّهطُ القُرَشيّونَ: \"التّابوتُ\". وقالَ زَيدٌ: \"التّابوه\". فرَفَعوا اختِلافَهُم إلى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مختصر الشواذ ص ١٢٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٤٨)، وغريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"حبيب\". وتقدم على الصواب غير مرة.","vol":"4","page":635},{"text":"عثمانَ -﵁- فقالَ: اكتُبوه \"التّابوتُ\" [البقرة: ٢٤٨] فإِنَّه بلِسانِ قُرَيشٍ. قال إسماعيلُ: هَكَذا حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة بقِضَةِ التّابوتِ مَوصولًا فى آخِرِ حَديثِه (^١)، وفَصَلَه أبو الوَليدِ مِنَ الحديثِ فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٤٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ قالَ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: واختَلَفوا يَومَئذٍ فى \"التّابوتِ\"؛ فقالَ زَيدٌ: \"التابوه\". وقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ العاصِ وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: \"التّابوتُ\". فرَفَعوا اختِلافَهُم إلى عثمانَ -﵁- فقالَ: اكتُبوها (^٢) \"التّابوتُ\" فإِنَّه بلِسانِهِم (^٣).\n\n٤٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: القراءةُ سُنَّةٌ (^٤).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ أنَّ اتَباعَ مَن قَبلَنا فى الحُروفِ وفى القراءاتِ سُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، لا يَجوزُ مُخالَفَةُ المُصحَفِ الذى هو إمامٌ، ولا مُخالَفَةُ القراءاتِ الَّتِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ١٤٨ - ١٥١. وأخرجه البخارى (٤٩٨٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٩٨٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وليس فيه ذكر التابوت.\n(^٢) فى م: \"اكتبوه\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ١٤٨ - ١٥١. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٠٦)، والمصنف فى الشعب ١/ ١٩٥ - ١٩٧ من طريق أبى الوليد به. والترمذى (٣١٠٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) سنن سعيد بن منصور (٦٧ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٤٨٥٥). قال الهيثمى: فيه ابن أبى الزناد وهو ضعيف. مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ١١٥.","vol":"4","page":636},{"text":"هِىَ مَشهورَةٌ، وإِن كان غَيرُ ذَلِكَ سائغًا فى اللُّغَةِ أو أظهَرَ مِنها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوأَمّا الأخبارُ الَّتِى ورَدَت فى إجازَةِ قراءةِ \"غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ\" بَدَلَ \"عَليمٌ حَكيمٌ\" فلأنَّ جميعَ ذَلِكَ مِمّا نَزَلَ به الوَحىُ، فإِذا قرأَ ذَلِكَ فى غَيرِ مَوضِعِه ما لم يَختِمْ به آيَةَ عَذابٍ بآيَةِ رَحمَةٍ أو رَحمَةٍ بعَذابٍ، فكأنَّه قرأَ آيَةً مِن سورَةٍ وآيَةً مِن سورَةٍ أُخرَى فلا يأثَمُ بقراءتِها كَذَلِكَ، والأصلُ ما استَقَرَّت عليه القراءةُ فى السَّنَةِ الَّتِى تُوفِّىَ فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَ ما عارَضَه به جِبريلُ ﵇ فى تِلكَ السَّنَةِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثم اجتَمَعَتِ الصَّحابَةُ على إثباتِه بَينَ الدَّفَّتَينِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-883>بابُ ما رُوِى فيمَن يَسرِقُ مِن صَلاتِه فلا يُتِمُّها</span>\n\n٤٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا صالِحٍ الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى القَنطَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أسوأُ الناس سَرِقَةً الذى يَسرِقُ صَلاتَه\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ يَسرِقُ صَلاتَهُ؟ قال: \"لا يُتمُّ رُكوعَها ولا سُجودَها\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٤٣)، والدارمى (١٣٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦٦٣) من طريق الحكم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨١١: رواته ثقات، لكنه منكر، والوليد إذا قال: عن. فلا يفرح به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عمارة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"4","page":637},{"text":"أبى العِشرينَ، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أسوأَ النّاسِ سَرِقَةً الذى يَسرِقُ صَلاتَه\". قالو ا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، وكَيفَ يَسرِقُ صَلاتَهُ؟ قال: \"لا يُتمُّ رُكوعَها ولا سُجودَها\" (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرىِّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٤٠٥٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: رأى حُذَيفَةُ رجلًا لا يُتِمُّ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ قال: مُذ كَم صَلَّيتَ؟ قال: مُنذُ أربَعينَ سنةً. قال: ما صَلَّيتَ، ولَو مُتَّ مُتَّ على غَيرِ الفِطرَةِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحَمنِ وأبو سعيدٍ وصَفوانُ قالوا: حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٩، وفيه: هشام بن عمارة. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٨٨) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. وقال الحاكم: كلا الإسنادين صحيحان. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨١١: عبد الحميد وثقه أحمد وضعفه دحيم وهو أخبر به، والحديث معلل بما قبله.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٣٢)، وعبد بن حميد (٩٨٨ - منتخب). وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٢/ ١٢٠: وفيه على بن زيد وهو مختلف فى الاحتجاج به وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٥٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٩٤) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائى (١٣١١) من طريق زيد به. وتقدم فى (٢٧٦٧)\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٩١) دون ذكر مدة السنين.","vol":"4","page":638},{"text":"الزُّهرِىِّ، حدَّثَنى حَرمَلَةُ مَولَى أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّه بَينَما هو جالِسٌ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عمرَ دَخَلَ الحَجّاجُ بنُ أيمَنَ ابنِ أُمِّ أيمَنَ وهو رجلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ -وكانَ أيمَنُ أخًا لأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ كان أكبَرَ مِن أُسامَةَ- قالَ حَرمَلَةُ: فصَلَّى الحَجّاجُ صَلاةً لم يُتِمَّ رُكوعَه ولا سُجودَه، فدَعاه ابنُ عمرَ حينَ سَلَّمَ فقالَ: أى ابنَ أخِى، أتَحسِبُ أنَّكَ قَد صَلَّيتَ؟ إنَّكَ لم تُصَلِّ فعُد لِصلاتِكَ. فلَمّا ولَّى الحَجّاجُ قالَ لِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ: مَن هَذا؟ قُلتُ: الحَجّاجُ بنُ أيمَنَ ابنِ أمِّ أيمَنَ. قالَ ابنُ عمرَ: لَو رأى هذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأحَبَّه. فذكَر حُبَّه ما ولَدَت أمُّ أيمَنَ، وكانَت حاضِنَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-884>بابُ ما رُوِى فى إتمامِ الفَريضَةِ مِنَ التَّطَوُّعِ فى الآخِرَةِ</span>\n\n٤٠٥٦ - أخبرنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ (ح) وأَخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ، عن الحسنِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ حَكيمٍ الضَّبِّىِّ، أنَّه خافَ مِن زيادٍ -قالَ أبو داودَ فى رِوايَتِه: مِن زيادٍ أوِ ابنِ زيادٍ- فأَتَى المَدينَةَ، فلَقِىَ أبا هريرةَ قالَ: فنَسَبَنِى فانتَسَبتُ له (^٢)، فقالَ: يا فتَى ألا أُحَدِّثُكَ حَديثًا؟ قالَ: قُلتُ: بَلَى\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤٢٠. وأخرجه البخارى (٣٧٣٧) عن سليمان بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) نسبنى: ضبطها العينى بفتح السين غير مشددة، وضبطها فى عون المعبود: نسَّبنى، بتشديد السين، من نسبت الرجل أنسُبه بالضم إذا ذكرت نسبه. قوله: فانتسبت له: أى فاتصلت معه فى النسب. ينظر شرح سنن أبى داود للعينى ٤/ ٦٦، وعون المعبود ١/ ٣٢٢.","vol":"4","page":639},{"text":"يَرحَمُكَ اللَّه. قال يونُسُ: وأَحسِبُه ذكَره عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ ما يُحاسَبُ النّاسُ به يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن أعمالِهِمُ الصَّلاةُ، قال: يقولُ رَبُنا ﷿ لِمَلائكَتِه وهو أعلمُ: انظُروا فى صَلاةِ عَبدِى أتَمَّها أم نَقَصَها؟ فإِن كانَت تامَّةً كتبَت له تامَّةً، وإِن كان انتقَصَ مِنها شَيئًا قال: انظُروا هَل لِعَبدِى مِن تَطَوُّعٍ؟ فإِن كان له تَطَوُّعٌ قال: أتِمّوا لِعَبدِى فريضَتَه مِن تَطَوُّعِهِ. ثم تُؤخَذُ الأعمالُ على ذَلِكُم\" (^١).\n\n٤٠٥٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى سَليطٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه (^٢). هذا حَديثٌ قَدِ اختُلِفَ فيه على الحسنِ مِن أوجُهٍ كَثيرَةٍ، وما ذَكَرنا أصَحُّها إن شاءَ اللَّه تَعالَى (^٣). ورُوِى عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n٤٠٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ وَمُحَمَّد بنُ غالِبٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن زُرارَةَ ابنِ أوفَى، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىَّ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ مما يُحاسَبُ به العَبدُ يَومَ القيامَةِ صَلاتُه، فإن كان أكمَلَها كُتبَت له كامِلَةً، وإِن لم يُكمِلْها\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٢، وصححه، وأبو داود (٨٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد ١٥ (٩٤٩٤) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٢٦) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ٨/ ٢٤٤ - ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٤٦٦) من طريق يحيى بن يعمر به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٥٣).","vol":"4","page":640},{"text":"قال اللَّه تعالَى لِمَلائكَتِه: هَل تَجِدونَ لِعَبدِى تَطَوُّعًا تُكَمِّلوا به ما ضَيَّعَ مِن فريضَتِهِ؟ ثم الزَّكاةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ، ثم سائرُ الأعمالِ على حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ\" (^١). رَفَعَه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ ووَقَفَه غَيرُه.\n\n٤٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ يَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن تميمٍ الدّارِىِّ قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ ما يُحاسَبُ به العَبدُ يَومَ القيامَةِ الصَّلاةُ المَكتوبَةُ، فمَن أتَمَّها حوسِبَ بما سِواها، وإِن كان قَدِ انتَقَصَها قيلَ: انظُروا هَل له مِن تَطَوُّعٍ؟ فإِن كان له تَطَوُّعٌ أُكمِلَتِ الفَريضةُ مِنَ التَطَوُّعِ، وإِن لم يَكُنْ له تَطَوَّعٌ لم تكمَلِ الفَريضَةُ، وأُخِذَ بطَرَفَيه فقُذِفَ فى النّارِ (^٢).\nووَقَفَه كَذَلِكَ سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (^٣) وحَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ.\nورواه يَزيدُ الرَّقاشِىُّ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعنَى حَديثِ تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى الصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ وأَتَمَّ مِنه (^٤).\nورَوَى موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ وهو ضَعيفٌ فى هذا المَعنَى ما يُشبِهُ خِلافَ هذا:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٨٦٦) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٦٩٥٤)، والدارمى (١٣٩٥)، وابن ماجه (١٤٢٦) من طريق حماد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨١٢: رواه جماعة عنه -يعنى حماد بن سلمة- ووقفه غيره. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٩١٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف عقب (٣٢٨٢) عن الثورى.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحارث (١٠٠ - بغية)، وأبو يعلى (٤١٢٤) من طريق يزيد به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ١/ ٢٨٨: وفيه يزيد الرقاشى ضعفه شعبة. ووثقه ابن معين وابن عدى.","vol":"4","page":641},{"text":"٤٠٦٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ على بنِ عفانَ، وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ المَعروفُ بابنِ البَياضِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ (^١) بنُ الحُبابِ، حدَّثَنى موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ قال: قال: رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (ح). وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ (^٢) بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ الرَّبَذِىُّ (^٣)، عن ابنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا علىُّ مَثَلُ الذى لا يُتِمُّ صَلاتَه كَمَثَلِ حُبلَى حَمَلَت، فلَمّا دَنا نِفاسُها أستَطَت، فلا هِىَ ذاتُ ولَد ولا هِىَ ذاتُ حَملٍ، ومَثَلُ المُصَلِّى كَمَثَلِ التّاجِرِ، لا يَخلُصُ له رِبحُه حَتَّى يَخلُصَ له رأسُ مالِه، كَذَلِكَ المُصَلِّى لا تُقبَلُ نافِلَتُه حَتَّى يُؤَدِّىَ (^٤) الفَريضَةَ\" (^٥). موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٦)، وقَدِ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٢: \"يزيد\".\n(^٢) فى ص ٢: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"الزبدى\".\n(^٤) فى ص ٢: \"تؤدى\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٢٨٥) بلفظ: \"إن مثل المصلى\". وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٣١٥) من طريق أسباط به بلفظ: \"مثل الذى لا يقيم صلبه فى صلاته\".\n(^٦) هو موسى بن عبيدة بن نَشِيط بن عمرو بن الحارث الربذى، أبو عبد العزيز المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٩١، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٥١، والصعفاء الكبير ٤/ ١٦٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ١٠٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢١٣. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٨٦: ضعيف =","vol":"4","page":642},{"text":"اختُلِفَ عليه فى إسنادِه، فرواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ وأَسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ هَكَذا، ورواه سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن علىٍّ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا، وهو إن صَحَّ كما:\n\n٤٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنى موسَى، عن صالِحِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن علىِّ ابنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَثَلُ الذى لا يُتِمُّ صَلَاتَه كَمَثَلِ الحُبلَى، حَمَلَت حَتَّى إذا دَنا نِفاسها أسقَطَت، فلا حَملَ ولا هِىَ ذاتُ ولَدٍ، ومَثَلُ المُصَلِّى كَمَثَلِ التّاجِرِ، لا يَخلُصُ رِبحٌ حَتَّى يَخلُصَ له رأسُ مالِه، كَذَلِكَ المُصَلِّى لا تُقبَلُ له نافِلَةٌ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّىَ الفَريضَةَ\" (^١).\n[وهَذا إن صَحَّ فمَحمولٌ على نافِلَةٍ تكونُ فى صَلاةِ الفَريضَةِ] (^٢)، فتَكونُ صحَّتُها بصِحَّةِ الفَريضَةِ، والأخبارُ المُتَقَدِّمَةُ مَحموَلةٌ على نافِلَةٍ تَكونُ خارِجَةَ الفَريضَةِ، فلا يَكونُ صِحَّتُها بصِحَّةِ الفَريضَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الرابعُ ويتلوه الجزءُ الخامسُ وأولُه: جِماعُ أبوابِ القراءةِ\n_________\n= ولا سيما فى عبد اللَّه بن دينار، وكان عابدًا.\n(^١) أخرجه الرامهرمزى فى الأمثال (٥٥) من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به، وعنده: ماعز بن سويد. بدلًا من: صالح بن سويد.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"4","page":643},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-885>جِماعُ أبوابِ القراءةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-886>بابُ طولِ القراءةِ وقِصَرِها</span>\n\n٤٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا [حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^١) الطّوسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنى بُكَيرُ بنُ الأشَجِّ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: ما رأَيتُ أحَدًا أشبَهَ صَلاةً بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن فُلانٍ -لِرَجُلٍ كان أميرًا على المَدينَةِ- قال سليمانُ: وصَلَّيتُ خَلفَه فكانَ يُطيلُ الأولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ ويُخَفِّفُ الأُخرَيَينِ، ويُخَفِّفُ العَصرَ ويَقرأُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ بقِصارِ المُفَضَلِ، ويَقرأُ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ العِشاءِ بوَسَطِ المُفَضَلِ، ويَقرأُ فى الصُّبحِ بطِوالِ المُفَصَّلِ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٦٣ - قالَ الضَّحّاك: وحَدَّثَنِى مَن سمِع أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا أشبَهَ صَلاةً بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن هذا الفَتَى -يَعنِى عمرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ- قال الضَّحّاكُ: وصَلَّيتُ خَلفَه فكانَ يُصَلِّى مِثلَ ما وصَفَ سليمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٦٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٢: \"أحمد بن حاجب\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٦٦) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به. والنسائى (٩٨١) من طريق الضحاك به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٩٣٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٦٦) عن أبى بكر الحنفى به.","vol":"5","page":5},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَبيرِ الحَنَفِىُّ يَعنى أبا بكرٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِه بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا.\n\n٤٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه قال: ما مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ سورَةٌ صَغيرَةٌ ولا كَبيرَةٌ إلا وسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَؤُمُّ بها النّاسَ فى الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-887>بابُ قَدرِ القراءةِ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٤٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمد بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى عرَزةَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ ويَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى والفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، عن مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ سَريعٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الفَجرِ: ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ﴾ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٨١٤) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٧٨٤) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وأخرجه الدارمى (١٣٣٧) عن أبى نعيم به. والحميدى (٥٦٧)، وأحمد (١٨٧٣٨)، والنسائى (٩٥٠)، وفى الكبرى (١١٦٥١) من طريق مسعر به. وتقدم من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى (٣١١٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٥٦).","vol":"5","page":6},{"text":"٤٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدَّثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا شَريك وابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن قُطبَةَ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قرأَ فى الفَجرِ: ﴿وَالنَّخْلَ بَاسِقَاتٍ﴾ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن قُطبَةَ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ وصَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الصُّبحَ فقَرأَ: ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾. حَتَّى قرأَ: ﴿وَالنَّخْلَ بَاسِقَاتٍ لَهَا طَلْعٌ نَضِيدٌ﴾. فجَعَلتُ أُرَدِّدُها ولا أدرِى ما قالَ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٩١) بالإسناد الأول، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ٦٩، والسنن المأثورة (٨٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٥٨) عن شريك وحده به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨١٦) عن ابن أبى شيبة به. وابن خزيمة (٥٢٧) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٨٩٠٣)، والترمذى (٣٠٦)، والنسائى (٩٤٩)، وابن حبان (١٨١٤) من طريق زياد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٥٧/ ١٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى المستخرج (١٠١٢) من طريق أبى كامل به. والطبرانى ١٩/ ١٩ (٣٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥٧/ ١٦٥).","vol":"5","page":7},{"text":"ابنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قرأَ فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ: ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾. وكانَت صَلاتُه بَعدُ التَّخفيفَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حُسَينٍ الجُعفِىِّ عن زائدَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ عن سِماكٍ وزادَ: ونَحوَها (^٢).\nورواه الثورِىُّ وإِسرائيلُ عن سِماكٍ، وقالا فى الحديث: بـ \"الواقِعَةِ\" ونَحوِها مِنَ السّوَرِ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِىُّ، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ سُفيانَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ العابِدِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الصُّبحَ بمَكَّةَ، فاستَفتَحَ سورَةَ \"المُؤمِنينَ\" حَتَّى جاءَ ذِكرُ موسَى وهارونَ، أو جاءَ ذِكرُ عيسَى -محمدُ بنُ عَبادٍ يَشُكُّ أوِ اختَلَفوا عليه- أخَذَتِ النبىَّ -ﷺ- سَعلَةٌ، فحَذَفَ (^٤) فرَكَعَ، وابنُ السّائبِ حاضرٌ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٨١٦) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (٢٠٨٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٦) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٥٨/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣١)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٨٢٣) من طريق إسرائيل به. وسيأتى فى (٥٣٤٩) من طريق الثورى.\n(^٤) الحذف: ترك التطويل والتمطيط فى الأذان والقراءة. ينظر المغرب ١/ ١٨٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٩٥) عن روح به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٦٤٩)، والنسائى (١٠٠٦)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"5","page":8},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ جرَيجٍ كما مَضَى. (^١)\n\n٤٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ، يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سليمانُ، عن سَيّارٍ أبى المِنهالِ، عن أبى بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَقرأُ فى صلاةِ الغَداةِ مِنَ السِّتّينَ إلى المِائَةِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبى المِنهالِ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- صَلَّى بالنّاسِ الصُّبحَ، فقَرأَ بسورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: كَرَبَتِ (^٤) الشَّمسُ أن تَطلُعَ. فقالَ: لَو\n_________\n= (٥٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به، وتقدم فى (٢٤٩٦).\n(^١) مسلم (٤٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٦٤)، والنسائى (٩٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٩) من طريق يزيد به. وأحمد (١٩٧٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٨١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٨)، وابن حبان (١٨٢٢) من طريق سليمان التيمى، وتقدم فى (٢٠٧٧، ٢١٤٧، ٢١٦٧) من طريق أبى المنهال به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٦١)، والبخارى (٥٤١، ٥٤٧، ٧٧١).\n(^٤) كربت: دنت. التاج ٤/ ١٣٧ (ك ر ب).","vol":"5","page":9},{"text":"طَلَعَت لم تَجِدْنا غافِلينَ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رواه قَتادَةُ عن أنَسٍ وقالَ: كادَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَم، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ -﵁- صَلَّى الصُّبحَ، فقَرأ فيها سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" فى الرَّكعَتَينِ كِلتَيهِما (^٣).\n\n٤٠٧٤ - وبِإِسنادِهِما عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه سمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: صلَّينا وراءَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- الصُّبحَ، فقَرأ فيها سورَةَ \"يوسُفَ\" وسورَةَ \"الحَجِّ\" قراءةً بَطيئَةً. قال هِشامٌ: فقُلتُ: واللَّهِ إذن لَقَد كان يَقومُ حينَ يَطلُعُ الفَجرُ. قال: أجَل (^٤).\n\n٤٠٧٥ - وبِإِسنادِهِما عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرحَمنِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، أنَّ [الفَرافِصةَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ] (^٥) الحَنَفِىَّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٩٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٠١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٩٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٧، ومالك ١/ ٨٢.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٩٥)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٧، ومالك ١/ ٨٢.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٢: \"عمر\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٤/ ١٨٣٠.","vol":"5","page":10},{"text":"ما أخَذتُ سورَةَ \"يوسُفَ\" إلا مِن قراءةِ عثمانَ إيّاها فى الصُّبحِ مِن كَثرَةِ ما كان يُرَدِّدُها (^١).\n\n٤٠٧٦ - وبِإِسنادِهِما عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَقرأُ فى الصُّبحِ فى السَّفَرِ العَشْرَ (^٢) السّوَرِ الأُوَلِ مِنَ المُفَصِّلِ فى كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ بسورَةٍ، لم يَذكُرِ الشافعىُّ السّوَرَ وقالَ: بالعَشرِ الأوَلِ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا الدَّراوردِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنى خُثَيمُ بنُ عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاستَخلَفَ سِباعَ بنَ عُرْفُطَةَ على المَدينَةِ. قالَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: وقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ مُهاجِرًا فصلَّيتُ الصُّبحَ وراءَ سِباعٍ، فقَرأ فى السَّجدةِ الأولَى سورَةَ \"مَريَمَ\"، وفى الأُخرَى: ﴿وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ﴾. قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: قُلتُ: ويلٌ لأبِى فُل. أو قال: لأبِى فُلانٍ. لِرَجُلٍ كان بأَرضِ الأزدِ كان له مِكيالانِ؛ مِكيالٌ يَكتالُ به لِنَفسِه، ومِكيالٌ يَبخَسُ به النّاسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٣٧) عن أبى زكريا به. والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٧، ومالك ١/ ٨٢. ولم يذكر القاسم إلا عند مالك.\n(^٢) فى م: \"بعشر\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١١٩٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٧، ومالك ١/ ٨٢.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣٩) مختصرًا من طريق خثيم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨١٦: إسناده صالح.","vol":"5","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-888>بابُ التَّجَوُّزِ فى القراءةِ فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ</span>\n\n٤٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرو، عن ابنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّ رجلًا مِن جُهَينَةَ أخبرَه، أنَّه سمِعَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الصُّبحِ: ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ﴾. فى الرَّكعَتَينِ كِلتَيهِما، فلا أدرِى أنَسِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أم قرأَ ذَلِكَ عَمدًا (^١).\nورُوينا عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه صلَّى بالمُعَوَّذتين صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ لِلنّاسِ (^٢). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- حُجّاجًا، فصَلَّى بنا الفَجرَ فقَرأَ: ﴿أَلَم تَرَ﴾. و: ﴿لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ﴾ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأودِىِّ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- لَمّا طُعِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٨١٦). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٣٠).\n(^٢) فى ص ٢: \"الناس\".\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٤١٠٤ - ٤١٠٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٥١٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٩٩) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (٢٧٣٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٥٤٤ من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"5","page":12},{"text":"قَدَّموا عبدَ الرَّحَمنِ بنَ عَوفٍ صَلَّى بهِمُ الفَجرَ، فقَرأَ: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ﴾. و: ﴿إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ﴾ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-889>بابُ قَدرِ القراءةِ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ</span>\n\n٤٠٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدَّثَنى قَزَعَةُ قال: أتَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ وهو مَكثورٌ عليه (^٢)، فلَمّا تَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ عنه قُلتُ: إنِّى لا أسأَلُكَ عَمّا يَسأَلُكَ هَؤُلاءِ. قُلتُ: أسأَلُكَ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ: ما لَكَ فى ذَلِكَ مِن خَيرٍ. فأَعادَها عليه، فقالَ: كانَت صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ تُقامُ فيَنطلِقُ أحَدُنا إلى البَقيعِ فيَقضِى حاجَتَه، ثم يأتِى أهلَه فيَتَوَضأُ، ثم يَرجِعُ إلى المَسجِدِ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى (^٣). ورواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحَمنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٧٤٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٤٧٠٣) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٨٠٦١)، والحارث (٥٩٤ - بغية) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وسيأتى فى (٥٣٢١).\n(^٢) أى: عنده ناس كثيرون للاستفادة منه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ١٧٦.\n(^٣) أحمد (١١٣٠٧). وأخرجه البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإِمام (٢٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٨٢٥) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. والنسائى (٩٧٢) من طريق قزعة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥٤/ ١٦٢).","vol":"5","page":13},{"text":"وأَخبَرَ أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى الصِّدّيقِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كُنّا نَحْزِرُ (^١) قيامَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، فحَزَرْنا (^٢) قيامَه فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ قَدْرَ قراءةِ: ﴿الم (١) تَنْزِيلُ﴾. \"السَّجدَةِ\"، وحَزَرْنا قيامَه فى الأُخْرَيَينِ قَدرَ النِّصفِ مِن ذَلِكَ، وحَزَرنا قيامَه فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ على قَدرَ قيامِه فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ، وفى الأُخرَيَينِ مِنَ العَصرِ على النِّصفِ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٨٣ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ سَمُرَةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بـ ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى﴾ ونَحوِها، ويَقرأُ فى الصُّبحِ بأَطوَلَ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، عن أبى داودَ، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرِ\n_________\n(^١) حَزَرَ الشئ يَحْزرُه ويَحْزِرُه حَزْرًا: قدره بالحدس. ينظر اللسان ٤/ ١٨٥ (ح ز ر).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٢، م: \"فحرزنا\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٨٥)، وعنه عبد بن حميد (٩٤٠)، وتقدم من طريق يحيى بن يحيى فى (٢٥١٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٥٢/ ١٥٦).\n(^٥) الطيالسى (٨٠٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٨٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٥١٠)، وعند أحمد: سبح اسم ربك الأعلى. وأبو داود (٨٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"5","page":14},{"text":"العَصرَ، وقالَ: بـ ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ (^١).\n\n٤٠٨٤ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). ورواه عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ يونُسَ بنِ حَبيبٍ عن أبى داوُدَ (^٣).\n\n٤٠٨٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو زكريا يَعنِى السّالَحينِىَّ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ: ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ﴾، ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ﴾ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، وفى رِوايَةِ السّالَحينِىِّ: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بـ ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ﴾، ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ﴾. ونَحوِها مِنَ السّوَرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-890>بابُ قَدرِ القراءةِ فى المَغرِبِ</span>\n\n٤٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا بُندارٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ بَشّارٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٦٠).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٦٣)، ومسلم (٤٥٩)، والنسائى (٩٧٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٨١١)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٨٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٨٢)، البخارى فى القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩٦)، وأبو داود (٨٠٥)، والترمذى (٣٠٧)، والنسائى (٩٧٨) من طريق حماد به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٢٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":15},{"text":"بكرٍ يَعنِى الحَنَفِىَّ، حدَّثَنا الضَّحّاكُ وهو ابنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنى بُكَيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الأشَجِّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ أنَّه سمِعَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا أشبَهَ صَلاةً برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- من فُلانٍ -لأميرٍ كان بالمَدينَةِ- قال سليمانُ: فصَلَّيتُ أنا وراءَه، فكانَ يُطيلُ فى الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ الظُّهرِ، ويُخَفَفُ الأُخرَيَينِ، ويُخَففُ العَصرَ، ويَقرأُ فى الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ بقِصارِ المُفَصَّلِ، وفى الأُولَيَينِ مِنَ العِشاءِ بوَسَطِ المُفَصَّلِ، وفى الصُّبحِ بطِوالِ المُفَصَّلِ (^١).\n\n٤٠٨٧ - ورُوينا عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ﴾. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ سِماكِ بنِ حَرب، عن أبيه، عن جابرِ ابنِ سَمُرَةَ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، [حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ] (^٣)، حدَّثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ مَولَى سليمانَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، أنَّ عُبادَةَ بنَ نُسَىٍّ أخبرَه أنَّه سمِعَ قَيسَ بنَ الحارِثِ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٥٢٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٨٣٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٨٢٧) عن محمد بن بشار مختصرا. وتقدم فى (٤٠٦٢). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٨٤١)، وفى الثقات ٦/ ٣٦٧ من طريق أبى قلابة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨١٧: قلت: سجد قال أبو حاتم: متروك. اهـ. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٢.\n(^٣) ليس فى: م.","vol":"5","page":16},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنابِحِىُّ أنَّه قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فى خِلافَةِ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- فصَلَّى وراءَ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ المَغرِبَ، فقَرأ أبو بكرٍ فى المَغرِبِ فى الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وسورَةٍ سورَةٍ مِن قِصارِ المُفَصَّلِ، ثم قامَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثّالِثَةِ. قالَ: فدَنَوتُ مِنه حَتَّى إنَّ ثيابِى لَتَكادُ تَمَسُّ ثيابَه، فسَمِعتُه قرأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ وهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾ (^١) [آل عمران: ٨].\n\n٤٠٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا قُرَّةُ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ عَمّارٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، أنَّه صَلَّى خَلفَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ المَغرِبَ فقَرأ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ أنَّ أباه كان يَقرأُ فى صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ بنَحوٍ مِمّا يَقرَءونَ: ﴿وَالْعَادِيَاتِ﴾. ونَحوِها مِنَ السّوَرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-891>بابُ مَن لم يُضَيِّقِ القراءةَ فيها بأَكثَرَ مِمّا ذَكَرنا</span>\n\n٤٠٩١ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٧٩، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٥٤.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨١٥). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٧٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨١٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٢٩).","vol":"5","page":17},{"text":"مَنصورٍ الحارِثىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ بـ \"الطّورِ\" فى المَغرِبِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٠٩٢ - حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أُمَّ الفَضلِ بنتَ الحارِثِ سَمِعَته وهو يَقرأُ: ﴿وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا﴾. فقالَت: يا بُنَىَّ لَقَد ذَكَرتَنى بقراءتِكَ هَذِه السّورَةَ، إنَّها لآخِرُ ما سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٧٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٧٨٣)، وأبو داود (٨١١)، والنسائى (٩٨٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥١٤) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به. وأحمد (١٦٧٦٥)، والبخارى فى خلق أفعال العباد (٢٨١)، من طريق الزهرى به. وتقدم فى (٣١٠٧، ٣١٠٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٦٥)، ومسلم (٤٦٣/ ١٧٤).","vol":"5","page":18},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ بها فى المَغرِبِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن مَرْوانَ قال: قال لِي زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: ما لَكَ تَقرأُ فى المَغرِبِ بقِصارِ المُفَصَّلِ؟ لَقَد كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ فى المَغرِبِ بِطُولَى الطُّولَيَينِ. قالَ: فقُلتُ لِعُروَةَ: ما طُولَى الطُّولَيَينِ؟ قالَ: \"الأعرافُ\". قالَ: فقُلتُ لابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ: ما طُولَى الطُّولَيَينِ؟ قال: \"الأنعامُ\" و\"الأعرافُ\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ النَّبيلِ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٩٤ - ورُوِى عن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قرأَ سورَةَ \"الأعرافِ\" فى صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ، فرَّقَها فى رَكعَتَينِ. أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٠٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠٦، وفى السنن المأثورة (٨٨). ومالك ١/ ٧٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٤)، وأبو داود (٨١٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٦٤١)، وابن حبان (١٨٣٢). وأخرجه البخارى (٤٤٢٩)، والترمذى (٣١٨)، والنسائى (٩٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٥١٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٢/ ١٧٣)، والبخارى (٧٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥١٥) من طريق أبى عاصم به دون قوله: فقلت لعروة. وأحمد (٢١٦٤١)، وأبو داود (٨١٢)، والنسائى (٩٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٥١٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٦٤).","vol":"5","page":19},{"text":"حدَّثَنا شاذانُ بنُ زكريا، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ بنِ سعيدِ ابنِ كَثيرِ بنِ دينارٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَيوَةَ وبَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو تَقِىٍّ، عن بَقيَّةَ (^٢)، ورواه مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بهَذا المَعنَى (^٣)، والصَّحيحُ هِىَ الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-892>بابُ قَدرِ القراءةِ فى العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ</span>\n\n٤٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ العَنبَرُ بنُ الطَّيِّبِ بنِ محمدٍ العنبرىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ الأنصارىُّ لأصحابِه العِشاءَ فطَوَّلَ عَلَيهِم، فانصَرَفَ رجلٌ مِنّا فصَلَّى، فأُخبِرَ مُعاذٌ عنه فقالَ: إنَّه مُنافِقٌ. فلمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ دَخَلَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه بما قال له مُعاذ. فَقالَ له النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أتُريدُ أن تَكونَ فتانًا يا مُعاذُ؟ إذا أمَمتَ النّاسَ فاقرًا بـ ﴿وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا﴾ و: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى﴾. و: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٩٩٠) عن عمرو بن عثمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣٣٦٢) من طريق أبى تقى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٥١٧) من طريق محاضر به، وقال: لا أعلم أحدًا تابع محاضر بن المورع فى هذا الإسناد.","vol":"5","page":20},{"text":"رَبكَ﴾ \" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى أن عَدِىُّ بنَ ثابِتٍ أخبرَه، أن البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ أخبرَه أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- العِشاءَ فقَرأ بـ: \"التّينِ والزَّيتونِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيث بنِ سَعدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٤٠٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بطوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو (^٥) محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ العِشاءِ فى سَفَرٍ فقَرأ فى إحدَى الرَّكعَتَينِ بـ \"التّينِ والزَّيتونِ\" (^٦). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٩٩٧) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٩٨٦) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٩٨) عن يزيد به. ومالك ١/ ٧٩، ٨٠، ومن طريقه النسائى (٩٩٩). والترمذى (٣١٠)، وابن ماجه (٨٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٢) من طريق يحيى به. وتقدم فى (٣١٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٦٤/ ١٧٦).\n(^٥) ليس فى س، م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٦٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٢٢١)، والنسائى (١٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢٤)، وابن حبان (١٨٣٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٧) البخارى (٧٦٧، ٤٩٥٢)، ومسلم (٤٦٤/ ١٧٥).","vol":"5","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-893>بابُ الإمامِ يُخَفِّفُ القراءةَ لِلأمرِ يَحدُثُ</span>\n\n٤٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وعَلِىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، قالَ عَلِىٌّ: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ قالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسمَعُ بُكاءَ الصَّبِىِّ مَعَ أُمِّه وهو فى الصَّلاةِ، فيَقرأُ بالسّورَةِ الخَفيفَةِ أو بالسّورَةِ القَصيرَةِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَصلِ الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ حَدَّثَ أن النبىَّ -ﷺ- قالَ: \"إنِّى لأدخُلُ فى الصَّلاةِ وأنا أُريدُ أن أُطيلَها، فأسمَعُ بُكاءَ الصَّبِىِّ، فأتَجَوَّزُ فى صَلاِتى مِمّا أعلمُ مِن شِدَّةِ وجدِ أُمِّه مِن بُكائِه\" (^٣).\n\n٤١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقّاقُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ طاهِرِ بنِ أبى الدّمَيكِ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٠٩) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٧٠/ ١٩١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٦٧) عن عبد الوهاب به.","vol":"5","page":22},{"text":"حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى لأدخُلُ الصَّلاةَ أُريدُ إطالَتهَا، فأسمَعُ بُكاءَ الصَّبِىِّ، فأُخَفِّفُ مِمَّا أعلمُ مِن شِدَّةِ وجدِ أُمَّه به\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ؛ ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ. وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ أيضًا مِن حَديثِ شَريكِ بنِ أبى نَمرٍ عن أنَسٍ، ومِن حَديثِ أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-894>بابٌ فى المُعَوِّذَتَينِ</span>\nقال الشافعىُّ ﵀: هُما مَكتوبَتانِ فى المُصحَفِ الذى جُمِعَ على عَهدِ أبى بكرٍ -﵁-، ثم كان عندَ عمرَ -﵁-، ثم عندَ حَفصَةَ -﵂-، ثم جَمَعَ عثمانُ -﵁- عليه النّاسَ، وهُما مِن كِتاب اللَّهِ، وأَنا أُحِبُّ أن أقرأَ بهِما فى صَلاتِى (^٣).\n\n٤١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار قالا: حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن عَبدَةَ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: سأَلتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ عن المُعَوِّذَتَينِ فقالَ: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُعَوِّذَتَينِ فقالَ: \"قيلَ لِى فقُلتُ\". فنَحنُ نَقولُ كما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٣٩) من طريق محمد بن المنهال به. والبخارى (٧١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٠٧ - ٧٠٩)، ومسلم (٤٧٠/ ١٩٢).\n(^٣) الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٩.","vol":"5","page":23},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٤١٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا عَبدَةُ بنُ أبى لُبابَةَ وعاصِمُ ابنُ بَهدَلَةَ، انَّهُما سَمِعا زِرَّ بنَ حُبَيشٍ يقولُ: سأَلتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ عن المُعَوِّذَتَينِ فقُلتُ: يا أبا المُنذِرِ إنَّ أخاكَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يَحُكُّهُما مِنَ المُصحَفِ. قال: إنّى سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فقيلَ لِى فقُلتُ\". فنَحنُ نَقولُ كما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٤١٠٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمد، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو ذَرِّ ابنُ أبى الحسينِ بنِ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه السَّعدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَقَد أُنزِلَ عَلَىَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٥٥٨) بالإسناد الأول.\n(^٢) الحميدى (٣٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١١٨٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى -كما فى التحفة ١/ ١٥ - من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٩٧٦، ٤٩٧٧).\n(^٤) محمد بن أبى الحسين محمد بن أبى القاسم عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الحسن، أبو ذر المذكر المطوعى النيسابورى، من أولاد أبى ذر الغفارى، كان أسلاف أبى ذر هذا علماء وغزاة ومطوعة. توفى سنة (٤٠١ هـ). تاريخ بيهق ص ٤٠٤، ٤٠٥.","vol":"5","page":24},{"text":"آياتٌ لم يُرَ مِثلُهُنَّ\". يَعنِى المُعَوِّذَتَينِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَعلَى، وفى رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ: \"أُنزِلَت عَلَىَّ اللَّيلَةَ آياتٌ لم أرَ مِثلَهُنَّ المُعَوِّذَتَينِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤١٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسينِ زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى العَلاءُ بنُ كَثيرٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمنِ مَولَى مُعاويَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: كُنتُ أقودُ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ناقَتَه فقالَ لِى: \"يا عُقبَةُ ألا أُعَلِّمُكَ خَيرَ سورَتَينِ قُرِئَتا؟ \". قُلتُ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فأقرأَنِى (^٣): ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾. و(^٣): ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾. فلَم يَرَنِى أُعْجَبُ (^٤) بهِما، فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ الغَداةَ فقَرأ بهِما فقالَ لِى: \"يا عُقبَةُ كَيفَ رأيتَ؟ \". كَذا قالَ: العَلاءُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٥).\nوقالَ ابنُ وهبٍ: عن مُعاويَةَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ. وهو أصَحُّ:\n\n٤١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠١٥) بالإسناد الثانى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٩٩)، والترمذى (٢٩٠٢)، والنسائى (٥٤٥٥) من طريق إسماعيل به. والنسائى (٩٥٣) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨١٤/ ٢٦٥).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"قل\".\n(^٤) فى مصادر التخريج والمهذب ٢/ ٨٢٠: \"أعجبت\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٥) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به، وعندهما العلاء بن الحارث بدلًا من العلاء بن كثير. قال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٧/ ١٤٩: رواه أحمد ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"5","page":25},{"text":"عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن القاسِمِ مَولَى مُعاويَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: كُنتُ أقودُ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- ناقَتَه فى السَّفَرِ فقالَ لى: \"يا عُقبَةُ، ألا أُعَلِّمُكَ خَيرَ سورَتَينِ قُرِئَتا؟ \". فعَلَّمَنِى: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾. فلَم يَرَنِى سُرِرتُ بهِما جِدًا، فلمَّا نَزَلَ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ صلَّى بهِما صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ لِلناسِ، فلمَّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الصَّلاةِ التَفَتَ إلىَّ فقالَ لى: \"يا عُقبَةُ كَيفَ رأيتَ؟ \" (^١).\n\n٤١٠٦ - ورواه الثَّورِىُّ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِر، أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُعَوِّذَتَينِ، فأَمَّنا بهِما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^٢).\n\n٤١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: بَينا أنا أسيرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ الجُحفَةِ والأبواءِ إذ غَشيَتنا ريحٌ وظُلمَةٌ شَديدَةٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَعَوَّذُ بـ: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٦٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٥٤٥١) عن أحمد بن عمرو به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٢٩٨).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٥٦٧، وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه النسائى (٩٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به.","vol":"5","page":26},{"text":"قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾. ويَقولُ: \"يا عُقبَةُ تَعَوَّذْ بهِما، فما تَعَوَّذَ مُتَعَوِّذٌ بمِثلِهِما\". قال: وسَمِعتُه يَؤُمُّنا بهِما فى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-895>بابُ المُعاهَدَةِ على قراءةِ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n٤١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاق القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ. قال: وأَخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّما مَثَلُ صاحِبِ القُرآنِ كَمَثلِ الإِبِلِ المُعَقَّلَةِ (^٢)، إن عاهَدَ عَلَيها أمسَكَها، وإِن أطلَقَها ذَهبَت\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّه بنِ يوسُفَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n\n٤١٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّه: تَعاهَدوا هَذِه المَصاحِفَ، فلَهِىَ أشَدُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٦٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٢٩٩).\n(^٢) الإبل المعقلة: أى المشدودة بالعقال. ينظر اللسان ١١/ ٤٥٩ (ع ق ل).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (١٩٦٢). ومالك ١/ ٢٠٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١٥)، والنسائى (٩٤١)، وابن حبان (٧٦٤، ٧٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٦٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٨٣) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٠٣١)، ومسلم (٧٨٩/ ٢٢٦).","vol":"5","page":27},{"text":"تَفَصِّيًا (^١) مِن صُدورِ الرَّجالِ مِنَ النَّعَمِ مِن عُقُلِها، ولا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: إنِّى نَسيتُ آيَةَ كَيتَ وكَيتَ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَل هو نُسِّىَ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n٤١١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا عثمان بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بئسَما لأحَدِهِم أن يَقولَ: نَسيتُ آيَةَ كَيتَ وكَيتَ. بَل هو نُسِّىَ، استَذكِروا القُرآنَ، فلَهوَ أشَدَّ تَفَصِّيًا مِن صُدورِ الرَّجالِ مِنَ النَّعَمِ مِن عُقُلِها\" (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شيبة (^٥).\n\n٤١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه العسكرىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ زُرارَةَ بنَ أوفَى يُحَدِّثُ عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تفصيا: أى زوالا وتفلتا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٥٦١)، وابن حبان (٧٦٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٩/ ٧٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠٤٠) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٣٩٦٠)، والترمذى (٢٩٤٢)، والنسائى (٩٤٢) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٠٣٢)، ومسلم (٧٩٠/ ٢٢٨).","vol":"5","page":28},{"text":"عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَثَلُ الذى يَقرأُ القُرآنَ وهو له حافِظٌ مَثَلُ السَّفَرَةِ الكِرامِ البَرَرَةِ، ومَثَلُ الذى يَقرَؤُه وهو يَتَعاهَدُه وهو عليه شَديدٌ فلَه أجرانِ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n٤١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالوا: حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الماهِرُ بالقُرآنِ مَعَ السَّفَرَةِ الكِرامِ البَرَرَةِ، والّذِى يَقرأُ القُرآنَ يَتَتَعتَعُ فيه وهو عليه شاقٌّ فلَه أجرانِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدَّثَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامِ بنِ أبى سَلَّامٍ الحَبَشِىُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٨٦)، والأسماء والصفات (٥٨٠). وأخرجه البخارى فى خلق أفعال العباد (٢٢٧) عن آدم به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٨٨)، والترمذى (٢٩٠٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٦٤٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٩٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠٤٥) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وأحمد (٢٤٦٣٤)، وأبو داود (١٤٥٤)، والترمذى (٢٩٠٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٧٩) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٩٨/. . .)، والبخارى (٤٩٣٧).","vol":"5","page":29},{"text":"أخيه زَيدِ بنِ سلَّامٍ، أنَّه سمِع أبا سَلَّامٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقرَءوا القُرآنَ، فإنَّه يَجِئُ يَومَ القيامَةِ شَفيعًا لأصحابِه، اقرَءوا \"البقَرَةَ\" و\"آلَ عِمرانَ\" فإِنَّهُما الزَّهراوانِ، يأتيانِ يَومَ القيامَةِ كأنَّهُما غَمامَتانِ أو كأنَّهُما غَيايَتانِ، أو كأنَّهُما فِرْقانِ (^١) مِن طَير صَوافَّ تُحاجّانِ عن صاحِبِهِما، اقرَءوا سورَةَ \"البقَرَةِ\" فإن أخذَها بَرَكَة، وتَركها حَسرَةٌ، ولا تَستَطيعُها البَطَلَةُ\". قال مُعاويَةُ: البَطَلَةُ السَّحَرَةُ (^٢). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَسَنٍ الحُلوانِىِّ عن أبى تَوبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-896>بابُ مِقدارِ ما يُستَحَبُّ له أن يَختِمَ فيه القُرآنَ مِنَ الأيّامِ</span>\n\n٤١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ -قال: وأَحسِبُنِى أنا قَد سَمِعتُه مِن أبى سلمةَ- عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤) قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقرأ القُرآنَ فى شَهرٍ\". قُلتُ: إنِّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فاقرأْه فى\n_________\n(^١) الغمامة والغياية: كل شئ أظل الإنسان فوق رأسه. والمراد أن ثوابهما يأتى كغمامين. والفِرْقان: هما قطيعان وجماعتان يقال فى الواحد: فِرْق أى جماعة. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٦/ ٩٠، ٩١.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٩٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٤٧) من طريق زيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٠٤/ ٢٥٢).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٢: \"عمر\".","vol":"5","page":30},{"text":"عِشرينَ لَيلَةً\". قُلتُ: إنِّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فاقرأْه فى خَمسَ عَشرَةَ\". قُلتُ: إنّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فاقرأْه فى عَشَرَةِ\". قُلتُ: إنِّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فاقرأْه فى سَبعٍ ولا تَزِدْ على ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٤١١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعدُ بنُ حَفصٍ الضَّخمُ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ مَولَى بني زُهرَةَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بمثلِه سَواءً (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى وعَن سَعدِ بنِ حَفصٍ، ورواه مسلم عن القاسِمِ بنِ زكريا عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٤١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنُ زكريا الضَّبِّىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: اقرَءوا القُرآنَ فى سَبعٍ، ولا تَقرَءوه فى أقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثٍ، وليُحافِظِ الرَّجُلُ فى يَومِه ولَيلَتِه على جُزئِه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٣٥)، والشعب (٢١٦٢). وأخرجه أبو جعفر البخترى (٢٤٥) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٢١٦٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٥٣، ٥٠٥٤)، ومسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٨٤).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٢١٧٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٦٦٥) عن أبى معاوية بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (٥٩٤٨)، والطبرانى (٨٧٠٧) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه. قال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٦٩: رواه الطبرانى فى الكبير ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"5","page":31},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه كان يَختِمُ القُرآنَ فى رَمَضانَ فى ثَلاثٍ، وفى غَيرِ رَمَضانَ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ إلى الجُمُعَةِ (^١). وعَن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ أنَّه كان يَختِمُ القُرآنَ فى كُلِّ ثَمانٍ (^٢). وعَن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ أنَّه كان يَختِمُه فى كُلِّ سَبعٍ (^٣). وعَن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁- أنَّه كان يُحيِى الليلَ كُلَّه، فيَقرأُ القُرآنَ فى رَكعَةٍ (^٤).\n\n٤١١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنِّى سَريعُ القراءةِ، إنِّى أقرأُ القُرآنَ فى ثَلاثٍ. قال: لأن أقرأَ \"البَقَرَةَ\" فى لَيلَةٍ فأَتَدَبَّرَها وأُرَتِّلَها أحَبُّ إلىَّ أن أقرأَها كما تَقرأُ (^٥).\n\n٤١١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شَبابَةُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَمزَةَ، قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنِّى رجلٌ سَريعُ القراءةِ، وربما قَرأتُ القُرآنَ فى لَيلَةٍ مَرَّةً أو\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٨٦٥٤)، ومختصر قيام الليل لمحمد بن نصر المروزى ص ٦٣، والمعجم الكبير للطبرانى (٨٧٠٦، ٨٧١٠، ٨٧١١).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٩٤٩)، ومختصر قيام الليل ص ٦٣.\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر قيام الليل ص ٦٣.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٩٥٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى سنة (٨٦٧١)، ومختصر قيام الليل ص ٦٣.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٠٤٠). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر فى الاستذكار ٨/ ٢٥ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. والآجرى فى أخلاق حملة القرآن (٨٩) من طريق الزعفرانى به. وأبو عبيد فى فضائل القرآن ص ٧٤ عن إسماعيل به.","vol":"5","page":32},{"text":"مَرَّتَينِ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لأن أقرأَ سورَةً واحِدَةً أعجَبُ إلىَّ مِن أن أفعَلَ مِثلَ الذى تَفعَلُ، فإِن كُنتَ فاعِلًا لا بُدَّ فاقرأْه قراءةً تُسمِعُ أُذُنَيكَ ويَعيه قَلبُكَ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٢١٥٩). وأخرجه أبو عبيد فى فضائل القرآن ص ٧٤، وسعيد بن منصور (١٦١ - تفسير) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"5","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-897>جِماعُ أبوابِ الصَّلاةِ بالنَّجاسَةِ، ومَوضِعِ الصَّلاةِ مِن مَسجدٍ وغَيرِهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-898>بابُ إمامَةِ الجُنُبِ</span>\n\n٤١١٩ - أَخبرَنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنِى أَبِى، حَدَّثَنا حَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى (ح) وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الأَدِيبُ، أَخبرَنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الإِسْمَاعِيلِىُّ، أَخْبَرَنِى أَبُو يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ الْمَدَنِىُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ -﵁- قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُصَلُّونَ لَكُمْ، فَإِنْ أَصَابُوا فَلَكُمْ وَلَهُمْ، وَإِنْ أَخْطَئُوا فَلَكُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ\" (^١). لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا خَيْثَمَةَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ ابْنَ دِينَارٍ وَقَالَ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَدَنِىُّ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عَنِ الفَضلِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى الأَشْيَبِ (^٢).\n\n٤١٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحسنِ، عن أبى بَكرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ فى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، فأومأ بيَدِه أن مَكانَكُم، ثم جاءَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فصَلَّى بهِم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٨٦٦٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٣٧)، وأبو داود (٢٣٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢١٣).","vol":"5","page":34},{"text":"٤١٢١ - قالَ (^١): وحَدَّثَنا عثمانُ بن أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. بإِسنادِه ومَعناه قالَ فى أوَّلِه: فكَبَّرَ. وقالَ فى آخِرِه: فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قالَ: \"إنّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وِإنِّى كنتُ جُنُبًا\" (^٢).\n\n٤١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ فى صَلاةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ، ثم أشارَ بيَدِه: امكُثوا، ثم رَجَعَ وعَلَى جِلدِه أثَرُ الماءِ (^٣).\n\n٤١٢٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِ مَعناه (^٤).\n\n٤١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ الكِلابِىُّ بحَلَبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سليمانَ بنِ أبى مَذعورٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَ إلى الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ\n_________\n(^١) يعنى أبا داود بإسناد المصنف السابق.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٣٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢١٤)، والشافعى ١/ ١٦٧، ١٧٥، ومالك ١/ ٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢١٤)، والشافعى ١/ ١٦٧، ١٧٥.","vol":"5","page":35},{"text":"انصرَفَ، وأومأ إلَيهِم أن كما أنتُم، ثم خَرَجَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فصَلَّى بهِم، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"إنَّى كُنتُ جُنُبًا فنَسيتُ أن أغتَسِلَ\" (^١).\n\n٤١٢٥ - وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ، حدَّثَنا عَبدانُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الحارِثىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ الحارِثِىُّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ بهِم فى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ ثم أومأ إلَيهِم، ثم انطَلَقَ، وخَرَجَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فصَلَّى بهِم ثم قال: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنِّى كُنتُ جُنُبًا فنَسيتُ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ الحارِثِىُّ. ورواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ عَونٍ عن محمدٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه أيّوبُ وهِشامٌ عن محمدٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤)، وهو المَحفوظُ، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ شاهِدٌ لِحَديثِ أبى بَكرَةَ.\n\n٤١٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ وعُدِّلَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٨٦) عن وكيع به. وابن ماجه (١٢٢٠) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. قال الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٠٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٤٢٠) من طريق أبى الربيع به. والشافعى ١/ ١٦٧ - ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢١٧) - من طريق ابن عون به. قال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٦٩: فيه غير واحد لم أجد من ذكرهم.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٦٦ - ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢١٨) - من طريق ابن علية.\n(^٤) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٢٣٤) عن أيوب وهشام به.","vol":"5","page":36},{"text":"الصُّفوفُ، فخَرَجَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلمَّا قامَ فى مُصَلَّاه ذكَرَ أنَّه جُنُبٌ، فأَومأ إلينا ودَخَلَ، فاغتَسَلَ ثم خَرَجَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فصلَّى بنا.\n\n٤١٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُكرَمٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ المُسنَدِىِّ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\nورواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: قَبلَ أن يُكَبِّرَ:\n\n٤١٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحَمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ سمِعَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فقُمنا، فعَدَّلنا الصُّفوفَ قَبلَ أن يَخرُجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَتَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى إذا قامَ فى مُصَلَّاه قَبلَ أن يُكَبِّرَ ذكَرَ، فانصَرَفَ وقالَ لَنا: \"مَكانَكُم\". فلَم نَزَلْ قيامًا نَنتَظِرُه حَتَّى خَرَجَ إلينا وقَدِ اغتَسَلَ يَنطِفُ (^٣) رأسُه ماءً، فكَبَّرَ (^٤) فصلَّى بنا (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٧١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٨) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٥).\n(^٣) فى م: \"ينظف\". وينطف: أى يقطر. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١١.\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٥)، والنسائى (٨٠٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٠٥/ ١٥٧).","vol":"5","page":37},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رواه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^١)، ورواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىُّ (^٢) نَحوَ رِوايَةِ عثمانَ بنِ عمرَ، ورِوايَةُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أصحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ ابنِ ثَوبانَ عنه، إلا أنَّ مَعَ رِوايَةِ ابنِ ثَوبانَ عنه رِوايَةَ أبى بَكرَةَ مُسنَدَةً، ورِوايَةُ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وابنِ سيرينَ مُرسَلَةٌ، ورُوِى أيضًا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ.\n\n٤١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: دَخَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فى صَلاتِه، فكَبَّرَ فكَبَّرنا معه، ثم أشارَ إلى النّاسِ أن كما أنتُم، فلَم نَزَلْ قيامًا حَتَّى أتانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَدِ اغتَسَلَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ (^٣). خالَفَه عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ فرواه عن سعيدٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّه المُزَنِىِّ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤).\n\n٤١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاق وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٦٦)، والبخارى (٦٣٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٦) من طريق صالح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٣٨)، والبخارى (٦٤٠)، ومسلم (٦٠٥/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٣٥)، والنسائى (٧٩١) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٦٢٤)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٣٩٤٧)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٢ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وقال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٦٩: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٢ من طريق عبد الوهاب به.","vol":"5","page":38},{"text":"عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن عَمه عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن مُطيعِ بنِ الأسوَدِ قال: صَلَّى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- بالنّاسِ الصُّبحَ، ثم رَكِبتُ أنا وهو إلى أرضِنا، فلَمّا جَلَسَ على رَبيعٍ (^١) مِنها يَتَوَضّاُ مِنها فإِذا على فخِذِه احتِلامٌ فقالَ: هذا الاحتِلامُ على فخِذِى لم أشعُرْ به. فحَكَّه، ثم قال: صِرتُ واللَّهِ حينَ أكَلْتُ الدَّسَمَ ودَخَلتُ فى السِّنِّ يَخرُجُ مِنِّى ما لا أشعُرُ بهِ. وقالَ محمدٌ: فما أشعُرُ به. واغتَسَلَ، ثم أعادَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، ولَم يأمُرْ أحَدًا بإِعادَةِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٤١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ (^٣) الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن الشَّريدِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- صَلَّى بالنّاسِ وهو جُنُبٌ فأَعادَ، ولَم يأمُرْهُم أن يُعيدوا (^٤).\n\n٤١٣٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) الربيع: النهر الصغير. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٢٥: إسحاق تركه جماعة.\n(^٣) فى س: \"الحسن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٥٢.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٢١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٤.","vol":"5","page":39},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ. قال (^١): وحَدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدِ ابنِ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ أبى ضرارٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ -﵁- صَلَّى بالنّاسِ وهو جُنُبٌ، فلمَّا أصبَحَ نَظَرَ فى ثَوبِه احتِلامًا فقالَ: كَبِرتُ واللَّهِ، إنّى لأَرانِى أجنُبُ ثم لا أعلَمُ. ثم أعادَ ولَم يأمُرْهُم أن يُعيدوا. قالَ عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ: سألتُ سُفيانَ عنه فقالَ: قَد سَمِعتُه مِن خالِدِ بنِ سلمةَ ولا أجِئُ به كما أُريدُ. قال عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ: وهَذا المُجمَعُ عليه، الجُنُبُ يُعيدُ ولا يُعيدونَ، ما أعلَمُ فيه اختِلافًا. قال عَلِىٌّ: وقالَ أبو عُبَيدٍ يَعنِى فى رِوايَتِه: قَد سَمِعتُه مِن خالِدِ بنِ سلمةَ ولا أحفَظُه. ولَم يَزِدْ على هَذا (^٢).\n\n٤١٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه صَلَّى بهِم وهو على غَيرِ وُضوءٍ، فأَعادَ ولَم يأمُرْهُم بالإِعادَةِ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ:\n_________\n(^١) أى الدارقطنى.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٤، ٣٦٥.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٢٣)، وعبد الرزاق فى أماليه (١٤٧ - رواية السكرى)، وفى مصنفه (٣٦٥٠).","vol":"5","page":40},{"text":"٤١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارىُّ، عن جوَيبِرِ بنِ سعدٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولَيسَ هو على وُضوءٍ، فتَمَّت لِلقَومِ، وأَعادَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- (^١). وهَذا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ. وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٤١٣٥ - والَّذِى رُوِى فى مُعارَضَتِه عن أبى جابِرٍ البَياضِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بالنّاسِ وهو جُنُبٌ فأَعادَ وأَعادوا. وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَطاءٍ الجَلَّابُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن أبى جابِرٍ البَياضِى (^٣). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ. وأبو جابِرٍ البَياضِىُّ مَتروكُ الحديثِ (^٤)، كان مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ لا يَرتَضيه، وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يقولُ: أبو جابِرٍ البَياضِىُّ كَذابٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٣ من طريق أحمد بن الفرج به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"البزار\". وتقدم على الصواب فى (٤٤٥، ١٢٣٩). وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى سنة (٤٦٠٠) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن عبد الرحمن المدنى، أبو جابر البياضى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٦٣، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢٤، والضعفاء الكبير ٤/ ١٠٢، والكامل ٦/ ٢١٨٩، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٥) ينظر الضعفاء الصغير ص ١٠٧، ١٠٨، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٤٨، والتاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٦٣. تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٩٠ (٨٥٠).","vol":"5","page":41},{"text":"٤١٣٦ - والَّذى أخبرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَفصٍ الأبّارُ، عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- إنَّه صَلَّى بالقَومِ وهو جُنُبٌ فأَعادَ، ثم أمَرَهُم فأَعادوا (^١).\nفَهَذا إنَّما يَرويه عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ أبو خالِدٍ (^٢) الواسِطىُّ، وهو مَتروكٌ رَماه الحُفّاظُ بالكَذِبِ (^٣).\n\n٤١٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمَّارٍ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا القاسِمُ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -قال محمدُ بنُ عَمّارٍ: فسألتُ عنه وكيعًا فقالَ: كان كَذّابًا، فلَمّا عَرَفناه بالكَذِبِ تَحَوَّلَ إلى مَكانٍ آخَرَ- حَدَّثَ عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- إنَّه صَلَّى بهِم وهو على غَيرِ طَهارَةٍ فأَعادَ، وأَمَرَهُم بالإِعادَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٦٤، ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٢٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٦١) من طريق عمرو بن خالد به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"مخلد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٦٠٣.\n(^٣) هو عمرو بن خالد، أبو خالد القرشى الواسطى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٣٠، والضعفاء الكبير ٣/ ٢٦٨، والكامل ٥/ ١٧٧٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٦٠٣. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٦٩: متروك ورماه وكيع بالكذب.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٧٠٠.","vol":"5","page":42},{"text":"وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: إنَّ حَبيبَ بنَ أبى ثابِتٍ لم يَروِ عن عاصمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ شَيئًا قَطُّ (^١).\n\n٤١٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٢)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ: لَيسَ فى الحديثِ قوَّةٌ لِمَن يقولُ: إذا صلَّى الإمامُ بغَيرِ وُضوءٍ أنَّ أصحابَه يُعيدونَ. والحَديثُ الآخَرُ أثبَتَ ألَّا يُعيدَ القَومُ، هذا لِمَن أرادَ الإِنصافَ بالحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n٤١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ محمدٍ القُهُستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، فى الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى بقَومٍ وهو على غَيرِ وُضوءٍ، قال: يُعيدُ ولا يُعيدونَ (^٤). قال\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٧٠٠.\n(^٢) فى م: \" شاسويه\". وينظر الإكمال ٣/ ٣٦٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (١٢٢٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٥١) عن سفيان عن مغيرة وحده به. وابن أبى شيبة (٤٦٠٦) من طريق مغيرة به.","vol":"5","page":43},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحْمنِ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: تَعلَمُ أحَدًا (^١) قال: يُعيدُ ويُعيدونَ غَيرَ حَمّادٍ؟ فقالَ: لا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-899>بابُ طَهارَةِ الثَّوبِ والبَدَنِ لِلصَّلاةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ﴾ [المدثر: ٤]. قالَ الشافعىُّ ﵀: قيلَ: صَلِّ فى ثيابٍ طاهِرَةٍ. وقيل غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، والأوَّلُ أشبَهُ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ أن يُغسَلَ دَمُ المَحيضِ مِنَ الثَّوبِ (^٣).\n\n٤١٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى فاطِمَةُ، عن أسماءَ قالَت: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إحدانا يُصيبُ ثَوبَها مِن دَمِ الحَيضَةِ، فكَيفَ تَصنَعُ بهِ؟ قال: \"تَحُتُّه ثم تَقرُصُه بالماءِ، ثم تَنضَحُه، ثم تُصَلِّى فيه\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٤١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أحدنا\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٤٦٠٨).\n(^٣) الشافعى ١/ ٥٥، وفى أحكام القرآن ١/ ٨١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٥) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٩١/ ١١٠).","vol":"5","page":44},{"text":"عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ المُوَرِّعِ، حدَّثَنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى حُبَيشٍ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنِّى مُستَحاضَةٌ فلا أطهُرُ، أفأدَعُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما ذَلِكِ عِرقٌ ولَيسَ بالحَيضِ، فإِذا أقبَلَتِ الحَيضَةُ فدَعِى الصَّلاةَ، وإِذا أدبَرَت فاغسِلِى عَنكِ الدَّمَ وصَلِّى\" (^١). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n٤١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بطوسَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَنى أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: هُشِمَتِ البَيضةُ (^٣) على رأسِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكُسِرَت رَباعيَتُه (^٤)، وجُرح وجهُه. قال أبو حازِمٍ: وكانَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَغسِلُ عنه الدَّمَ، علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- يأتيها بالماءِ فى مِجَنَّةٍ، فلَمّا أصابَ الجُرحَ الماءُ كَثُرَ دَمُه، فلَم يَرقأَ الدَّمُ حَتَّى أخَذَت قِطعَةَ حَصيرٍ وأَحرَقَته حَتَّى صارَ رَمادًا، ثم جَعَلَته على الجُرحِ فرَقأَ الدَّمُ (^٥). رواه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٨٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٨، ٣٢٠)، ومسلم (٣٣٣).\n(^٣) البيضة: الخوذة. النهاية ٥/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٤) الرباعية: مثل الثمانية؛ إحدى الاْسنان الأربع التى تلى الثنايا بين الثنية والناب تكون للإنسان وغيره. ينظر اللسان ٨/ ١٠٨ (ر ب ع).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٢٩)، والترمذى (٢٠٨٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦٤)، وابن حبان (٦٥٧٩) من طريق أبى حازم به.","vol":"5","page":45},{"text":"مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ عن سعيدِ (^١) بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارى مِن أوجُهٍ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-900>بابُ مَن صَلَّى وفى ثَوبِه أو نَعلِه أذًى أو خَبَثٌ لم يَعلَمْ به ثم عَلِمَ بهِ</span>\n\n٤١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو نَعامَةَ السَّعدِىُّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى فى نَعلَيه فصَلَّى النّاسُ فى نِعالِهِم، ثم ألقَى نَعلَيه فأَلقَى النّاسُ نِعالَهُم وهُم فى الصَّلاةِ، فلمَّا قَضَى صَلاتَه (^٣) قال: \"ما حَمَلَكُم على إلقاءِ نِعالِكُم فى الصَّلاةِ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ رأيناكَ فعَلتَ ففَعَلنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ أخبرَنِى أن فيها أذًى، فإِذا أتَى أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فليَنظُر، فإن رأى فى نَعلَيه أذًى وِإلا فليُصَلِّ فيهِما\" (^٤).\n\n٤١٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى نَعامَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٢: \"سعد\".\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٩٠/ ١٠٣)، والبخارى (٢٤٣، ٢٩٠٣، ٢٩١١).\n(^٣) فى س: \"الصلاة\".\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٢٦٨).","vol":"5","page":46},{"text":"أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فخَلَعَ نَعلَيه فخَلَعَ النّاسُ نِعالَهُم، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"لِمَ خَلَعتُم نِعالَكم؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأيناكَ خَلَعتَ فخَلَعنا. قال: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ أتانِى فأخبَرَنِى أن بهِما خَبثَا، فإِذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم المَسجِدَ فَلْيُقَلِّبْ نَعلَيه، فلينظرْ فيهِما خَبَثٌ (^١)، فإِن وجَدَ خَبثَا فليَمسَحْهما بالأرضِ، ثم لَيُصلِّ فيهِما\" (^٢). هذا الحَديثُ يُعرَفُ بحَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن أبى نَعامَةَ عبدِ رَبِّه السَّعدِىِّ عن أبى نَضرَةَ. وقَد رُوِى عن الحَجّاج بنِ الحَجّاجِ عن أبى عامِرٍ الخَزّازِ عن أبى نَعامَةَ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ غَيرِ مَحفوظٍ عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ عن أبى نَضرَةَ:\n\n٤١٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ العباسِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ شافِعٍ الشافعىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا عَمِّى، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ العَطّارُ، عن أبى عُروةَ مَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى نَعلَيه ثم خَلَعَهُما، فقيلَ له، فقالَ: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ جاءَنِى فأخبَرَنِى أن فيهِما خَبَثًا، فإِذا جِئتُمُ المَسجِدَ فانظُروا فى نِعالِكُم،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"خبثا\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٠، وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠١٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (١١٨٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠١٧)، وابن حبان (٢١٨٥) من طريق حماد. وسيأتى فى (٤١٤٣، ٤١٤٤).\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ١١/ ٣٢٨، ٣٢٩، عن الحجاج بن الحجاج وأبى عامر الخزاز. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٨٦) من طريق حجاج -ولم ينسبه- عن أبى نعامة به.","vol":"5","page":47},{"text":"فمَن وجَدَ شَيئًا فليَحُكَّه\" (^١).\nورواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن رجلٍ حدَّثه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وقالَ: \"قَذَرًا\". ولَم يَقُلْ: \"خَبَثًا\" (^٢).\n\n٤١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه (^٣) بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُطَرفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عمرَ يُصَلِّى فى رِدائِه وفيه دَمٌ، فأَتاه نافِعٌ فنَزَعَ عنه رِداءَه وأَلقَى عليه رِداءَه ومَضَى فى صَلاتِهِ.\n\n٤١٤٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ بَينَما هو يُصَلِّى رأى فى ثَوبِه دَمًا، فانصَرَفَ فأَشارَ إلَيهِم، فجاءوه بماءٍ فغَسَلَه، ثم أتَمَّ ما بَقِىَ على ما مَضَى مِن صَلاتِه ولَم يُعِدْ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ الشافعىُّ فى القَديمِ (^٥)، ﵀، واحتَجَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى فى أطراف الغرائب والأفراد (٤٨٢١) عن إبراهيم بن محمد الشافعى عن داود العطار به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٥١٦).\n(^٣) فى ص ٢، م: \"نضرويه\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٣٧٠١) من قول ابن عمر.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (١٢٢٧)، وفى الصغرى (١٨٣).","vol":"5","page":48},{"text":"بحَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ وابنِ عمرَ فى مَعنَى ما رُوّينا، ثم رَجَعَ عنه فى الجَديدِ وقالَ: أعادَ الصَّلاةَ؛ كان عالِمًا بما كانَ فى ثَوبِه أو لم يَكُنْ عالِمًا، كَهَيئَتِه فى الوُضوءِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا قَولُ الحسنِ البَصرِىِّ وأَبِى قِلابَةَ (^٢)، وكأَنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀ رَغِبَ عن حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ لاشتِهارِه بحَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن أبى نَعامَةَ السَّعدِىِّ عن أبى نَضرَةَ، وكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم مُختَلَفٌ فى عَدالَتِه (^٣)، وكذَلِكَ لم يَحتَجُّ البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" بواحِدٍ مِنهُم، ولَم يُخرِجْه مسلمٌ فى \"كِتابِه\" مَعَ احتِجاجِه بهِم فى غَيرِ هَذِه الرَّوايَةِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ رَغِبَ عنه لأنَّه جَعَلَ إعلامَ جِبريلَ ﵇ إيّاه بذَلِكَ ابتِداءَ شَرعٍ، أو حَمَلَ الأذَى المَذكورَ عنه على ما يُستَقذَرُ مِنَ الطّاهِراتِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى هذا الحَديثُ عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤)، ومِن حَديثِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ مَوصولًا، إلا أنَّ حَديثَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ إنَّما رواه أبو حَمزَةَ الرّاعِى عن إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ٨٩ بنحوه.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٦٩٢، ٣٧٠٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣٩٨٢، ٣٩٩٢).\n(^٣) كذا قال المصنف، وقد تعقبه ابن التركمانى بقوله: أساء القول فيهم، أما حماد بن سلمة فإمام جليل ثقة ثبت. . . وأما أبو نعامة فوثقه ابن معين، وأما أبو نضرة فوثقه ابن معين وأبو زرعة، وأخرج مسلم للثلاثة. اهـ. وكلامه غير لازم للبيهقى. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٥٣، ٢٨/ ٥٠٨، ٣٤/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحارث (١٣٧ - بغية) من حديث بكر بن عبد اللَّه به.","vol":"5","page":49},{"text":"عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١)، وأبو حَمزَةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٢)، ورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أضعَفَ مِنه.\nوحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ إنَّما رواه فُراتُ بنُ السّائبِ عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣)، وفُراتُ بنُ السّائبِ تَرَكوه (^٤)، وحَديثُ أبى هريرةَ إنَّما رواه عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٥)، وعَبّادٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٦).\nإلا أنَّه قَد رُوِى عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ بإِسنادٍ لا بأسَ بهِ:\n\n٤١٤٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ قالا: حدَّثَنا السِّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ قالا: حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة فى مسنده (٣٣٤)، والبزار (١٥٧٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥١١، والطبرانى (٩٩٧٢)، وفى الأوسط (٥٠١٧)، والحاكم ١/ ١٤٠ من طريق أبى حمزة به.\n(^٢) هو ميمون أبو حمزة الأعور القصاب الكوفى الراعى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٣٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٣٥٣. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٩٢: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣٩٩ من طريق فرات به.\n(^٤) هو فرات بن السائب، أبو سليمان. وقيل: أبو المعلى الجزرى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٣٠، والضعفاء الكبير ٣/ ٤٥٨، والكامل ٦/ ٢٠٤٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣٤١، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٤٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٤/ ١٦٤١، ١٦٤٢، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٧٣٥) من حديث أبى هريرة.\n(^٦) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٣٤٢٩).","vol":"5","page":50},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لم يَخلَعْ نَعلَيه فى الصَّلاةِ إلا مَرَّةً فخَلَعَ النّاسُ، فقالَ: \"ما لَكم؟ \". قالوا: خَلَعتَ فخَلَعنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ أخبرَنِى أن فيهِما قَذَرًا\" (^١). لَفظُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُثَنَّى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوأَمّا الذى كان ابنُ عمرَ يَفعَلُه مِنَ البِناءِ على الصَّلاةِ فى هذا وفِى الرُّعافِ (^٢)، فقَد رُوّينا عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: يَستأنِفُ (^٣). وهو القياسُ على الوُضوءِ فى هَذِه المَسأَلَةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-901>بابُ ما يَجِبُ غَسلُه مِنَ الدَّمِ</span>\n\n٤١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ يونُسَ بنتُ شَدّادٍ قالَت: حَدَّثَتنِى حَماتِى أُمُّ جَحدَرٍ العامِريَّةُ أنَّها سأَلَت عائشةَ -﵂- عن دَمِ الحَيضَةِ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ، فقالَت: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَينا شِعارُنا (^٤)، وقَد ألقَينا فوقَه كِساءً، فلَمّا أصبَحَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخَذَ الكِساءَ فلَبِسَه، ثم خَرَجَ فصَلَّى الغَداةَ ثم جَلَسَ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠، وقال: صحيح على شرط البخارى. وأخرجه الضياء فى المختارة (١٨٣١) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٤٣٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٤٤١).\n(^٤) الشعار: الثوب الذى يستشعره الإنسان، أى: يجعله مما يلى بدنه. معالم السنن ١/ ١١٤.","vol":"5","page":51},{"text":"رجلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِه لُمعَةٌ (^١) مِن دَمٍ. فقَبَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على ما يَليها فبَعَثَ إلىَّ مَصرورَةً فى يَدِ الغُلامِ فقالَ: \"اغسِلِى هَذِه وأجِفِّيها، ثم أرسِلِى بها إلَىَّ\". فدَعَوتُ بقَصعَتى فغَسَلتُها ثم أجفَفتُها فأَحَرْتُها إلَيه، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بنِصفِ النَهارِ وهو عَلَيهِ (^٢). قَولُها: فأَحَرتُها إلَيه. يَعنِى: رَدَدتُها إلَيهِ.\n\n٤١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ الرّازِىُّ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ عَدِى، حدَّثَنا القاسِمُ بنُ مالكٍ، عن رَوحِ بنِ (^٣) غُطَيفٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ يَرفَعُه قال: \"تُعادُ الصَّلاةُ مِن قَدرِ الدَّرهَمِ مِنَ الدَّمِ\" (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٥)، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ ابنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ قال: رأَيتُ رَوحَ بنَ غُطَيفٍ صاحِبَ (الدَّمِ قَدرَ الدَّرهَمِ) عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فجَلَستُ إلَيه مَجلِسًا، فجَعَلتُ أستَحيِى مِن أصحابِى أن يَرَونِى جالِسًا معه لِكَثرَةِ ما فى\n_________\n(^١) اللُّمْعة: البقعة اليسيرة. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٨). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٧).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٢: \"عن\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الخلافيات (٣٨٢). وأخرجه العقيلى ٢/ ٥٦ عن روح بن الفرج به. وابن حبان فى المجروحين ١/ ٢٩٨، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ٩٩٨، والدارقطنى ١/ ٤٠١ من طريق القاسم به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"شاسويه\".","vol":"5","page":52},{"text":"حَديثِه. يَعنِى المَناكيرَ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُنيرٍ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ العباسِ قال: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: تَحفَظُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُعادُ الصَّلاةُ فى مِقدارِ الدِّرهَمِ مِنَ الدَّمِ\". فقالَ: لا واللَّهِ. ثم قال: مِمَّن؟ قُلتُ: حدَّثَنا مُحرِزُ بنُ عَونٍ. قال: ثِقَةٌ، عَمَّن؟ قُلتُ: عن القاسِمِ بنِ مالكٍ المُزَنِىِّ. قال: ثِقَةٌ، عَمَّن؟ قُلتُ: عن رَوحِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ. قال: ها. قُلتُ: يا أبا زكريا ما أُرَى أُتينا إلا مِن رَوحِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ. قال: أجل. قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا لا يَرويه عن الزُّهرِىِّ فيما أعلَمُه غَيرُ رَوحِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ، وهو مُنكَرٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ (^٢). وفيما بَلَغَنِى عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىِّ أنَّه قال: أخافُ أن يَكونَ هذا مَوضوعًا. ورَوحٌ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٣).\n\n٤١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم فى المقدمة ص ١٨ من طريق وهب به. والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٥٦ من طريق سفيان ابن عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) الكامل ٣/ ٩٩٨.\n(^٣) هو روح بن غطيف الثقفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٠٨، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٩٥، والضعفاء الكبير ٢/ ٥٦، والكامل ٣/ ٩٩٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٠. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب ٢/ ٨٢٩: تركه النسائى.","vol":"5","page":53},{"text":"عامِرٍ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى بَقيَّةُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ فى دَمِ الحُبونِ -يَعنى الدَّماميلَ- وكانَ عَطاءٌ يُصَلِّى وهو فى ثَوبِهِ (^١). رواه جَماعَة عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ هَكذا، تَفرَّد به بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ قالَ: قالَ أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِى الحافظُ: هذا الحَديثُ لا يُعرَفُ إلا ببَقيَّةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. قالَ: ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ بَينَ بقيَّة وبَينَ ابنِ جُرَيج بَعضُ المَجهولينَ أو بَعضُ الضُّعَفاءِ؛ لأنَّ بقيَّة كَثيرًا ما يفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٤١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كثيرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ يَذكُرُه عن مُجاهِدٍ قالَ: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ما كان لإحدانا إلا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ فيه تَحيضُ، فإِن أصابَه شَئٌ مِن دَمٍ بَلَّته بريقِها، ثم قَصَعَته بريقِها (^٣).\n\n٤١٥٣ - رواه البخارى فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- وقالَ: قالَت بريقِها فمَصَعَته (^٤) بظُفُرِها.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٥٠٧، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٥٨ من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٢) الكامل ٢/ ٥٠٧.\n(^٣) أى: دلكته به. معالم السنن ١/ ١١٣.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣٥٨).\n(^٤) فى س: \"مضعة\". ومصعته: أى أذهبته، وأصل المصع التحريك. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٥.","vol":"5","page":54},{"text":"أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ. فذكَره بإِسنادِ البُخارِىِّ ومَتنِه، إلا أنَّه قال: فقَصَعَته. والمَشهورُ عن إبراهيمَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ يَنّاقٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ (^١)، وعَنِ ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشَةَ -﵂- (^٢).\nوقَد رواه خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى عن إبراهيمَ كما رواه أبو نُعَيمٍ، فهوَ صحيحٌ مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا:\n\n٤١٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغدادِىُّ بهَراةَ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدَّثَنا خَلَّادٌ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ما كان لإِحدانا إلا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ تَحيضُ فيه، وإِن أصابَه شَئٌ مِن دَمِه بَلَّته بريقِها ثم قَصعَته بظُفُرِها. وفى حَديثِ عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂-: قَطرَةٌ مِن دَمٍ. وقَد مَضى فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٣).\n\n٤١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: إذا كان الدَّمُ فاحِشًا فعَلَيه الإعادَةُ، وإِن كان قَليلًا فلَيسَ عليه إعادَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣١٢).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٦٤، ٧١٢) من طريق عبد العزيز به.","vol":"5","page":55},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عمرَ فى الرُّخْصَةِ فى الدَّمِ اليَسيرِ، وقَد مَضتِ الرِّوايَةُ عَنهُما فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^١)، ورُوِى عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٤١٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا مالك، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ أنَّه قال: رآنِى أبى انصَرَفتُ مِن صَلاةٍ فقالَ: لِمَ انصَرَفتَ؟ فقُلتُ له: دَمُ ذُبابٍ رأيتُ فى ثَوبِى. قال: فعابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ وقالَ: لِمَ انصَرَفتَ حَتَّى تُتِمَّ صَلاتَكَ؟! (^٣) وفى رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ، عن هِشامٍ: دَمٌ مِثلُ الذُّبابِ.\nوكانَ الحسنُ البَصرِىُّ يقولُ: قَليلُه وكَثيرُه سَواءٌ (^٤)، ومَذهَبُ سائرِ الفُقَهاءِ بخِلافِه فى الفَرقِ بَينَ كَثيرِ الدَّمِ ويَسيرِه، ورَخَّصَ فى دَمِ البَراغيثِ عَطاءٌ والحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ والشَّعبِىُّ وطاوُسُ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-902>بابُ ما وُطِئَ مِنَ الأنجاسِ يابِسًا</span>\n\n٤١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٧٥) وعقبه.\n(^٢) ينظر شرح السنة ٢/ ١٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ٢/ ١٥٥.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٥٧ - ١٤٦١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣١، ٢٠٣٢، ٢٠٣٤).","vol":"5","page":56},{"text":"وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: حدَّثَكَ مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أُمِّ ولَدٍ لإِبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّها سألَت أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنِّى امرأةٌ أُطيلُ ذَيلِى وأَمشِى فى المَكانِ القَذِرِ. فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُطَهِّرُه ما بَعدُه\" (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَرفوعًا ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ:\n\n٤١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِى الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ اليَشكُرِىُّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنا نُريدُ المَسجِدَ فنَطأُ الطَّريقَ النَّجِسَةَ. فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"الطُّرُقُ تُطَهِّرُ (^٢) بَعضُها بَعضًا\" (^٣). وهذا إسنادٌ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-903>بابُ النَّجاسَةِ إذا خَفِىَ مَوضِعُها مِنَ الثَّوبِ</span>\n\n٤١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٤١، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٨٣)، والترمذى (١٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٣١). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٠: أم الولد مجهولة الحال.\n(^٢) فى الكامل والمهذب ٢/ ٨٣١: \"يطهر\".\n(^٣) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٢٣٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٣٢) عن أبى كريب به.","vol":"5","page":57},{"text":"ابنُ سُوَيدٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّه استَفتَى أبا هريرةَ -﵁- فى الثَّوبِ يُجامِعُ فيه الرَّجُلُ، قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: إن أصابَه شَئٌ رأيتَه ثم التَبَسَ عَلَيكَ فاغسِلِ الثَّوبَ كُلَّه، وإِن شَكَكتَ فى شَئٍ لم تَستَيقِنْه فانضَحِ الثَّوبَ ثم صَلِّ فيهِ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عمرَ يقولُ: إن عَرَفتَ مَكانَه فاغسِلْه، وإِلَّا فاغسِلِ الثَّوبَ كُلَّه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-904>بابُ غَسلِ الثَّوبِ مِن دَمِ الحَيضِ</span>\n\n٤١٦٠ - أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى فاطِمَةُ بنتُ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ، أنَّ امرأَةً جاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إحدانا تَحيضُ فى الثوبِ كَيفَ تَصنَعُ؟ فقالَ: \"تَحُتهُ ثم تَقرُصُه بالماءِ، ثم تَنضَحُه ثم تُصَلِّى فيه\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٤١٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٩٠٤) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٩٠٥)، وابن المنذر (٧٣٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٦٧١) من طريق يوسف القاضى به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٣٢)، والبخارى (٢٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٩١/ ١١٠).","vol":"5","page":58},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ ابنُ عُروةَ، أنَّه سمِعَ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ المُنذِرِ تُحَدِّثُ عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ تَقولُ: إنَّ امرأةً سألَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن دَمِ الحَيضِ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"حُتِّيه، ثم اقرُصِيه بالماءِ، ثم رُشِّيه، ثم صَلِّى فيه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-905>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أنَّ النَّضحَ المأمورَ به هو فى المَوضِعِ الذى لم يُصِبْه الدَّمُ</span>\n\n٤١٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا عَبدَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: سَمِعتُ امرأةً تَسأَلُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَيفَ تَصنَعُ بثَوبِها إذا طَهَوَت مِن حَيضَتِها؟ فقالَ: \"إن رأت فيه دَمًا [حَتَّته، ثم قَرَصَته بالماءِ] (^٢)، ثم تَنضَحُ فى سائرِ ثَوبِها، ثم تُصَلِّى فيه\" (^٣).\n\n٤١٦٣ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ العَسقَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ القاسِمِ حدَّثه، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كانَت إحدانا تَحيضُ ثم تَقرُصُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٧).\n(^٢) فى س: \"حتيه ثم اقرصيه بماء\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٦): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":59},{"text":"الدَّمَ مِن ثَوبِها عندَ طُهرِها، فتَغسِلُه وتَنضَحُ على سائرِه، ثم تُصَلِّى فيهِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-906>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أنَّ النَّضحَ اختيارٌ غَيُر واجِبٍ، وأَنَّ الواجِبَ غَسلُ الدَّمِ فقَط</span>\n\n٤١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا بَكارُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن جَدَّتِه قالَت: دَخَلتُ على أُمِّ سلمةَ، فسألَتها امرأةٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: قَد كان يُصيبُنا الحَيضُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فتَلبَثُ إحدانا أيّامَ حَيضَتِها، ثم تَطهُرُ، فتَنظُرُ الثَّوبَ الذى كانَت تَبيتُ فيه، فإِن أصابَه دَمٌ غَسَلناه وصَلَّينا فيه، وإِن لم يَكُنْ أصابَه شَئٌ تَرَكناه، ولَم يَمنَعْنا ذَلِكَ أن نُصَلِّىَ فيه، وأمَّا المُمتَشِطَةُ فكانَت إحدانا تكونُ مُمتَشِطَةً، فإِذا اغتَسَلَت لم تَنقُضْ ذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَّها تَحفِنُ على رأسِها ثلاثَ حَفَناتٍ، فإِذا رأتِ البَلَلَ على أُصولِ الشَّعرِ دَلَكَته، ثم أفاضَت على سائرِ جَسَدِها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-907>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ استِعمالِ ما يُزيلُ الأثَرَ مَعَ الماءِ فى غَسلِ الدَّمِ</span>\n\n٤١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦٣٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٨٧٧).","vol":"5","page":60},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى ثابِتٌ الحَدّادُ، حدَّثَنى عَدِىُّ بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أمَّ قَيسٍ بنتَ مِحصَنٍ تَقولُ: سألتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- عن دَمِ الحَيضِ يَكونُ فى الثَّوبِ قال: \"حُكّيه بضِلَعٍ (^١) واغسِليه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤١٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدَّثَنى سليمانُ بنُ سُحَيمٍ، عن أُمَيَّةَ بنتِ أبى الصَّلتِ -قال الشيخُ: كَذا فى كِتابِى، وقالَ غَيرُه: آمِنَةُ بنتُ أبى الصَّلتِ. وهو الصَّوابُ- عن امرأةٍ مِن بنى غِفارٍ قالَت: جِئتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى نِسوَةٍ مِن بنى غِفارٍ فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد أرَدنا أن نَخرُجَ مَعَكَ فى وجهِكَ هذا إلى خَيبَرَ، فنُداوِىَ الجَرحَى، ونُعينَ المُسلِمينَ بما استَطَعنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"على بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ\". فخَرَجنا معه وكُنتُ جاريَةً حَدَثَةً، فأَردَفَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَقيبَةَ رَحلِه (^٣)، فنَزَلَ إلى الصُّبحِ ونَزَلتُ، فإِذا على الحَقيبَةِ دَمٌ مِنِّى، وذَلِكَ أوَّلُ حَيضَةٍ حِضتُها، فتَقَبَّضتُ إلى الناقَةِ واستحيَيتُ، فلَمّا رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما بى، ورأى بىَ الدَّمَ قال: \"لَعَلَّكِ نُفِستِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فأصلِحِى مِن\n_________\n(^١) الضلع: العود. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٩٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٦٢٨)، والنسائى (٢٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٥) من طريق ثابت به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٩).\n(^٣) حقيبة الرحل: الحقيبة هى الزيادة التى تجعل فى مؤخرة القتب. والرحل هو مركب البعير والناقة وهو أصغر من القتب وهو من مراكب الرجال دون النساء. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٤١٢، والتاج ٢٩/ ٥٤ (ر ح ل).","vol":"5","page":61},{"text":"نَفسِكِ، وخُذِى إناءً مِن ماء فاطرَحِى فيه مِلحًا، فاغسِلِى ما أصابَ الحَقيبَةَ واغتَسِلِى، ثم عودِى لِمَركَبِكِ\". فكانَت لا تَطهَّرُ مِن حَيضَتِها إلا جَعَلَت فى طَهورِها مِلحًا، وأَوصَت به أن يُجعَلَ فى غُسلِها حينَ ماتَت.\n\n٤١٦٧ - أخبرنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سلمةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنى محمدٌ يَعنى ابنَ إسحاقَ، عن سليمانَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ، عن أُمَيَّةَ بنتِ أبى الصَّلتِ، عن امرأةٍ مِن بنى غِفارٍ قَد سَماها لِى، قالَت: أردَفَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذكَر مَعناه، إلا أنَّه لم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"واغتَسِلِى\" (^١).\n\n٤١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حَدَّثَتنى أُمُّ الحسنِ يَعنى جَدَّةَ أبى بكرٍ العَدَوِىِّ، عن مُعاذَةَ قالَت: سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن الحائضِ يُصيبُ ثَوبَها الدَّمُ، قالَت: تَغسِلُه، فإِن لم يَذهَبْ أثَرُه فلتُغَيِّرْه بشَئٍ مِن صفرَةٍ. وقالَت: لَقَد كُنتُ أحيضُ عندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثلاثَ حِيَضٍ جَميعًا، لا أغسِلُ لِى ثَوبًا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٣٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٢: سليمان قيل: ما لقى أمية فيكون الخبر منقطعا، ثم من أمية؟\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٢٦) من طريق عبد الصمد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٣: أم الحسن لا تعرف.","vol":"5","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-908>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيان أنَّ الدَّمَ إذا بَقِىَ أثَرُه فى الثَّوبِ بَعدَ الغَسلِ لم يَضُرَّ</span>\n\n٤١٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ وبِشرُ بنُ عمرَ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ قالَت: سأَلتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن الدَّمِ يَكونُ فى الثوبِ. وقالَ بشرِّ فى حَديثِه: قُلتُ: أرأَيتِ الثَّوبَ يُصيبُه الدَّمُ فأَغسِلُه، فلا يَذهَبُ أثَرُه. فقالَتِ: الماءُ طَهورٌ (^١).\n\n٤١٧٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُعاذَةَ أنَّ امرأةً سألَت عائشةَ -﵂- عن دَمِ الحَيضِ يَكونُ فى الثَّوبِ، فيُغسَلُ فيَبقَى أثَرُه، فقالَت: لَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nوَقَد رُوِى عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بإِسنادَينِ ضَعيفَينِ:\n\n٤١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (١٠٥٢) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"5","page":63},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ خَولَةَ بنتَ يَسارٍ قالَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أفَرأيتَ إن لم يَخرُجِ الدَّمُ مِنَ الثوبِ؟ قال: \"يَكفيكِ الماءُ ولا يَضُرُّكِ أثَرُه\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ لَهيعَةَ.\n\n٤١٧٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ عيسَى بنَ طَلحَةَ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ خَولَةَ بنتَ يَسارٍ أتَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: لَيسَ لِى إلا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ وأَنا أحيضُ فيه، فكَيفَ أصنَعُ؟ فقالَ: \"إذا طَهَرتِ فاغسِلِى ثَوبَكِ، ثم صَلِّى فيه\". قالَت: أرأيتَ إن لم يَخرُجِ الدَّمُ مِنَ الثَّوبِ؟ قال: \"يَكفيكِ الماءُ ولا يَضُرُّكِ أثَرُه\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ لَهيعَةِ.\n\n٤١٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن الوازع بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن خَولَةَ بنتِ نِمارٍ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّى أحيضُ ولَيسَ لِى إلا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ، فيُصيبُه الدَّمُ. قال: \"اغسِليه وصَلِّى فيه\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، يَبقَى أثَرُه. قال: \"لا يَضُرُّ\" (^٣). قال أبو بكر: قال إبراهيمُ الحَربِىُّ: الوازعُ بنُ نافِعٍ غَيرُه أوثَقُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٧١٠) عن ابن عبد الحكم به. وسحنون فى المدونة ١/ ٢٢ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٣٩)، وأبو داود (٣٦٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٣: ضعيف من قبل ابن لهيعة.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٤١ (٦١٥)، وعنه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٧٦٥١) من طريق على بن =","vol":"5","page":64},{"text":"مِنه (^١). ولَم يُسمَعْ بخَولَةَ بنتِ نِمارٍ أو يَسارٍ إلا فى هَذَينِ الحديثَينِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-909>بابُ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ فى ثَوبِ الحائضِ</span>\n\n٤١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعِ. وقالَ إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى باللَّيلِ وأَنا إلى جَنبِه وأَنا حائضٌ، وعَلَىَّ مِرْطٌ وبَعضُه على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n٤١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاح، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، سَمِعَه مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ يُحَدَّثُه عن مَيمونَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى وعَلَيه مِرْطٌ وعَلَى بَعضِ أزواجه منه وهِىَ حائضٌ، وهو يُصَلِّى وهو وعَلَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n= ثابت. وقال الطبرانى: خولة بنت حكيم. وقال أبو نعيم: خولة. غير منسوبة، فى ترجمة خولة بنت يسار. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٣: الوازع ليس بثقة، قاله أحمد ويحيى، وخولة لم تعرف بغير هذا.\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٤٠٦).\n(^٢) إسحاق (١١٣٨)، وعنه النسائى (٧٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٦٤)، وأبو داود (٣٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٥٢) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥١٤).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٦٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣٢٩) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٥).","vol":"5","page":65},{"text":"٤١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى غَنيَّةَ (^١) عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ أبى غَنيَّةَ (^١)، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنْ أُناوِلَه الخُمرَةَ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى حائضٌ. قال: \"إنَّ حَيضَتَكِ لَيسَت فى يَدِكِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى غَنيَّةَ (^٣).\n\n٤١٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها كانَت لا تَرَى بأسًا بعَرَقِ الحائضِ فى الثوبِ (^٤).\n\n٤١٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشام هو ابنُ حَسانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ تَحيضُ فى دِرعِها، فيَكونُ عَلَيها أيامَ حَيضَتِها فتَعرَقُ فيه، أتُصَلِّى فيهِ؟ قال: نَعَم ما لم\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"عيينة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٠٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٢) عن أبى نعيم به. وتقدم فى (٨٩٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٨/ ١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠١٨)، من طريق القاسم، أنها كانت لا ترى بأسا بعرق الجنب. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٣٢) من طريق أم الهذيل عن عائشة به.","vol":"5","page":66},{"text":"يَكُنْ فيه دَمٌ، وكَذَلِكَ الجُنُبُ يَعرَقُ فى ثَوبِه فيُصَلِّى فيه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-910>بابُ ما رُوِى فى التَّحَرُّزِ مِن ذَلِكَ احتياطًا</span>\n\n٤١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ جارُ أبى سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَر، عن أشعَثَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المَنصورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا الأشعَثُ، عن محمدِ ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يُصَلِّى فى شُعُرِنا أو لُحُفِنا. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: شَكَّ أبِى. وَفِى حَديثِ غُندَرٍ: فى لُحُفِنا. مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ (^٢).\n\n٤١٨٠ - ورواه سلمةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- لم يَذكُرِ ابنَ شَقيقٍ- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يُصَلِّى فى شُعُرِنا. أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا موسَى بن الحسنِ ابنِ عَبّادٍ، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، عن سلمةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٩٠٣).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٢، وقال: على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠ من طريق أحمد بن حميد، بذكر شعبة بين غندر والأشعث. وأبو داود (٣٦٧، ٦٤٥) عن عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ به. وابن حبان (٢٣٣٠، ٢٣٣٦) من طريق معاذ به. والترمذى (٦٠٠)، والنسائى (٥٣٨١) من طريق أشعث به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٩٨) من طريق سلمة به.","vol":"5","page":67},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، لم يَذكُرِ ابنَ شَقيقٍ فى إسنادِه، إلا أنَّه قال: فى مَلاحِفِنا.\n\n٤١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّاد، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان لا يُصَلِّى فى مَلاحِفِنا. قال حَمّادٌ: وسَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ أبى صَدَقَةَ قال: سألتُ محمدًا عَنَه فلَم يُحَدِّثْنِى، وقالَ: سَمِعتُه مُنذُ زَمانٍ، ولا أدرِى مِمَّن سَمِعتُه، ولا أدرِى سَمِعتُه مِن ثَبَتٍ أو لا، فسَلوا عَنَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-911>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى الثَّوبِ الذى يُجامِعُ الرَّجُلُ فيه أهلَه</span>\n\n٤١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ الليث بنُ سَعدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ ابنِ حُدَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁-. وقالَ بَحرٌ: عن مُعاويَةَ ابنِ أبى سُفيانَ يقولُ: سألتُ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- قُلتُ: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى الثَّوبِ الذى يُجامِعُها فيهِ؟ قالَت: نَعَم، إذا لم يَرَ فيه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٦٨). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٤).","vol":"5","page":68},{"text":"أذًى (^١). وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فى طَهارَةِ عَرَقِه فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-912>بابُ المَذى يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ أوِ البَدَنَ</span>\n\n٤١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ ابنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قالَ: كُنتُ ألقَى مِنَ المَذىِ شِدَّةً، وكُنتُ أُكثِرُ مِنه الاغتِسالَ، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما يُجزِئكَ مِن ذَلِكَ الوُضوءُ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فكَيفَ بما يُصيبُ ثَوبِى مِنهُ؟ قال: \"يَكفيكَ أن تأخُذَ كَفًّا مِن ماء فتَنضَحَ بها مِن ثَوبِكَ حَيثُ تَرَى أنَّه أصابَه\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: والمُرادُ بالنَّضحِ المَذكورِ فى هذا الخَبَرِ غَسلُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، وثابِت عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه أمَرَ بغَسلِه مِنَ البَدَنِ.\n\n٤١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كُنتُ رجلًا مَذّاءً، وكانَت عِندِى ابنَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاستَحيَيتُ أن أسألَه، فأَمَرتُ رجلًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٩٢) عن أبى زكريا، دون ذكر بحر بن نصر وابن لهيعة. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٧٤٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٥٤٠)، والنسائى (٢٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٧٦) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٢).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٢١٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١)، وابن حبان (١١٠٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. والترمذى (١١٥)، وابن ماجه (٥٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"5","page":69},{"text":"فسأَلَه، فقالَ: \"إذا وجَدتَ ذَلِكَ فاغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضأْ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n٤١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّ عليًّا -﵁- أمَرَ المِقدادَ أن يَسأَلَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- عن المَذىِ، فإِنِّى أستَحيِى أن أسألَه. فسألَه فقالَ: \"يَغسِلُ فرجَه وأُنثَيَيه، ويَتَوَضّأُ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\nورواه الثَّورِىُّ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ وجَماعَة، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤). ورُوّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن عمرَ [وابنِ عمرَ] (^٥) وابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِهِم (^٦).\n\n٤١٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ فى جامِعِ الحَربيَّةِ بمَدينَةِ السَّلام، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشافعىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن حَرامِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عَقَه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٦٨٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٩)، والنسائى (١٥٣) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩٣).\n(^٤) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٢٠٩) عن الثورى وابن عيينة.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٢: \"بن الخطاب\".\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٨١٥، ١٦٨٧، ١٦٨٨).","vol":"5","page":70},{"text":"قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَمّا يوجِبُ الغُسلَ، وعَنِ الماءِ يَكونُ بَعدَ الماءِ، وعَنِ الصَّلاةِ فى بَيتِى، وعَنِ الصَّلاةِ فى المَسجِدِ، وعَن مُؤاكَلَةِ الحائضِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ -وعائشَةُ إلى جَنبِه- فأمّا أنا فإِذا كان مِنِّى وطءٌ جِئتُ فتَوَضّأتُ ثم اغتَسَلتُ، وأمّا الماءُ يَكونُ بعدَ الماءِ فذَلِكَ المَذىُ، وكُلُّ فحلٍ يُمذِى، فتَغسِلُ مِن ذَلِكَ فرجَكَ وأُنثَيَيكَ وتَوَضأُ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ، وأمّا الصَّلاةُ فى المَسجِدِ والصَّلاةُ فى بَيتِى، فقَد تَرَى ما أقرَبَ بَيتِى مِنَ المَسجِدِ، فلأن أُصَلِّىَ فى بَيتِى أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُصَلِّىَ فى المَسجِدِ، إلا أن تَكونَ صَلاةً مَكتوبَةً، وأمّا مُؤاكَلَةُ الحائضِ فواكِلْها\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-913>بابٌ فى رُطوبَةِ فرجِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n٤١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ صالِحِ بنِ ذَرِيحٍ قاضِى عُكْبَرا (^٢)، حدَّثَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. قال، وأَخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا هَنّادٌ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى أيّوبَ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الرَّجُلِ يُصيبُ مِنَ المَرأَةِ ثم يُكسِلُ قال: \"يَغسِلُ ما أصابَه مِنَ المَرأةِ ثم يَتَوَضّأُ ويُصَلِّى\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٠٧)، وأبو داود (٢١١)، والترمذى (١٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٦٥١، ١٣٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠٢) من طريق معاوية بن صالح مطولا ومختصرًا. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٦: رواه ثقات عن معاوية، والعلاء وإن تكلم فيه فقد احتج به مسلم، وحرام فيه ضعف.\n(^٢) فى س: \"عكبر\". وهى بليدة قرب بغداد. وينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٠٥، ومراصد الاطلاع ٢/ ٩٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٨٨) عن أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢١٠٨٧)، وابن حبان (١١٦٩، ١١٧٠) من =","vol":"5","page":71},{"text":"أبى كُرَيبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^١). ورواه شُعبَةُ عن هِشامٍ فقالَ: \"يَغسِلُ ذَكَرَهَ ويَتَوَضّأُ\" (^٢). وإِنَّما نُسِخَ مِنه تَركُ الغُسلِ، فأَمّا غَسلُ ما أصابَه مِنَ المَرأَةِ فلا نَعلَمُ شَيئًا نَسَخَه.\n\n٤١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن بنى سُواءَةَ (^٣) بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فيما يَفيضُ مِنَ (^٤) الرَّجُلِ والمَرأَةِ مِنَ الماءِ، قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأخُذُ كَفًّا مِن ماءٍ ثم يَصُبُّه عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n٤١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: يَنبَغِى لِلمَرأَةِ إذا كانَت عاقِلَةً أن تَتَّخِذَ خِرقَةً، فإِذا جامَعَها زَوجُها ناوَلَته فيَمسَحُ عنه، ثم تَمسَحُ عَنها، فيُصَلّيانِ فى ثَوبِهِما ذَلِكَ ما لم تُصِبْه جَنابَةٌ (^٦).\n_________\n= طريق هشام به.\n(^١) مسلم (٣٤٦/ ٨٤)، والبخارى (٢٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٨٩)، ومسلم (٣٤٦/ ٨٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"صورة\". وينظر جمهرة أنساب العرب ص ٢٧٣.\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٢: \"بين\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٥٧). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٠) من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"5","page":72},{"text":"٤١٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها سُئلَت عن الثوبِ يُجامِعُ الرَّجُلُ فيه أهلَه هَل يُصَلِّى فيهِ؟ قالَت: إنَّ المَرأَةَ تُعِدُّ لِزَوجِها خِرقَةً فامتَسَحَ بها الأذَى حَتَّى لا يُصيبَ الثَّوبَ، فإِذا فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فليُصَلِّ فيهِ (^١).\nومَن قالَ بالقَولِ الآخَرِ احتَجَّ بحَديثِ أبى ذَرٍّ فى تَيَمُّمِ الجُنُبِ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-914>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى ثيابِ الصِّبيانِ والمُشرِكينَ، وأَنَّ الثّيابَ على الطَّهارَةِ حَتَّى يُعلَمَ فيها نَجاسَةٌ</span>\n\n٤١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى وهو حامِلٌ أُمامَةَ بنتَ زَينَبَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولأبِى العاصِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ، فإِذا قامَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥، ١٠٣٤، ٥٠٣٥، ١٠٥٥، ١٠٦٣).","vol":"5","page":73},{"text":"حَمَلَها، وإذا سَجَدَ وضَعَها؟ قال يَحيَى: قال: نَعَم (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، رواه البخارى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤١٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ وحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى سَفَرٍ فقالَ: \"يا مُغيرَةُ خُذِ الإِداوَةَ\". فأَخَذتُها ثم خَرَجتُ معه، فانطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى تَوارَى عَنِّىَ، فقَضى حاجَتَه وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ شاميَّةٌ ضيَّقَةُ الكُمَّينِ، فذَهَبَ ليُخرِجَ يَدَه مِن تحتِ كُمَّها فضاقَت، فأَخرَجَ يَدَه مِن أسفَلِها، فصبَبتُ عَلَيها فتَوَضّأ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ، ثم مَسَحَ على خُفيه ثم صَلَّى (^٣). رواه البخارى فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوالجُبَّةُ الشاميَّةُ فى عَصرِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- مِن نَسجِ المُشرِكينَ، وقَد تَوَضّأ وهِىَ عليه وصَلَّى.\n\n٤١٩٣ - أخبرنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ٨٩. وتقدم فى (٣٤٦٨، ٣٧٤٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٦)، ومسلم (٥٤٣/ ٤١).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٩٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٦٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والنسائى (١٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وتقدم فى (١٣٠٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٧).","vol":"5","page":74},{"text":"الحسينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ، عن الحسنِ قالَ: لا بأسَ بالصَّلاةِ فى رِداءِ اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-915>بابُ نَجاسَةِ الأبوالِ والأرواثِ وما خَرَجَ مِن مَخرَجِ حَىٍّ</span>\n\n٤١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأدَمِىُّ إملاءً، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بقَبرَينِ فقالَ: \"إنَّهُما لَيُعذَّبانِ بالنَّميمَةِ والبَولِ\". وأَخَذَ جَريد رطْبَةً فشَقَها باثنَينِ، وجَعَلَ على كُلِّ قَبرٍ واحِد فقالَ: \"لعلَّه أن يُخَفَّفَ عَنهُما ما دامَتا رَطبَتَينِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ كما مَضَى فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٤).\n\n٤١٩٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقَبرَينِ فقالَ: \"إنَّهُما لَيُعذَّبانِ وما يُعَذَّبانِ فى كَبيرٍ، أمّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٦٧) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى إثبات عذاب القبر (١٣٢). وأخرجه الدارمى (٧٦٦)، وأبو عوانة (٤٩٦) من طريق معلى به. وعبد بن حميد (٦١٩ - منتخب) من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٢/. . .).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢١٨)، وتقدم عقب (٥١٣).","vol":"5","page":75},{"text":"أحَدُهُما فكانَ يَمشِى بالنَّميمَةِ، وأمّا الآخَرُ فكانَ لا يَستَتِرُ مِنَ البَولِ\". ثم أخَذَ جَريدَةً رَطْبَةً فشَقَّها نِصفَينِ، ثم جَعَلَ فى كُلِّ قَبرٍ واحِدَةً، قال: قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لِمَ فعَلتَ هَذا؟ قال: \"لَعَلَّهُما أن يُخَفَّفَ عَنهُما ما لم يَيبَسا\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أكثَرُ عَذابِ القَبرِ فى (^٣) البَولِ\" (^٤).\nورواه أبو يَحيَى عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-، فزادَ فيه: \"فتَنَزَّهوا مِنَ البَولِ\" (^٥).\n\n٤١٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ فى المَسجِدِ مَعَ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى إثبات عذاب القبر (١٣١)، والصغرى (٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٠)، والنسائى (٢٠٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢١٨).\n(^٣) فى م: \"فمن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٣١) عن يحيى بن حماد به. وابن ماجه (٣٤٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٤١ - منتخب) من طريق أبى يحيى به.","vol":"5","page":76},{"text":"فقامَ يَبولُ فى المَسجِدِ، فقالَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: مَهْ مَهْ!!. فقالَ: \"دَعوه\". فتَرَكوه حَتَّى بالَ، ثم إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَعاه فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَذِه المَساجِدَ لا تَصلُحُ لِشَئٍ مِن [هذا البَولِ] (^١) ولا القَذَرِ، إنَّما هِىَ لِذِكرِ اللَّهِ تعالَى، والصَّلاةِ، وقراءةِ القُرآنِ\". أو كما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَ رجلًا مِنَ القَومِ فجاءَ بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ، فرَشَّه عَلَيهِ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عمرَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n٤١٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الحُسَينِىُّ بالكوفَةِ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عَمّارٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلى المَسجِدِ فبالَ فى المَسجِدِ، فقالَ أصحابُ النبىِّ -ﷺ-: مَهْ مَهْ!!. فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُزرِموه\". فلَمّا فرَغَ دَعا به النبىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَذِه المَساجِدَ لم تتخَذْ لِهَذا الخَلاءِ والبَولِ والقَذَرِ، إنَّما تُتَّخَذُ لِقراءةِ القُرآنِ ولِذِكرِ اللَّهِ تعالَى\". ثم أمَرَ بَعضَ أصحابِه بذَنوبٍ أو بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n٤١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٢: \"هذه الأبوال\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ١٣ من طريق عمر بن يونس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٥).\n(^٤) فى م: \"الحسين\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٣) من طريق عكرمة به.","vol":"5","page":77},{"text":"إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ شَريكٍ الأسَدِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: لَيسَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ذكَره ولَكِن عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، أنه سمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: أتَى النبىُّ -ﷺ- الغائطَ، فأَمَرَنِى أن آتيَه بثَلاثَةِ أحجارٍ، فوَجَدتُ حَجَرَينِ، والتَمَستُ الثّالِثَ فلَم أجِدْه، فأَخَذتُ رَوْثَةً فأَتَيتُ بهِنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فأَخَذَ الحَجَرَينِ وأَلقَى الرَّوْثَةَ وقالَ: \"هَذِه رِكسٌ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عمرَ: الرَّجُلُ مِنا يَبعَثُ ناقَتَه فيُصيبُه نَضحٌ مِن بَولِها. قال: اغسِلْ ما أصابَكَ مِنه (^٣).\n\n٤٢٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سَهلٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ قال: كُلُّ شَئٍ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ فإِنَّ بَولَه يُغسَلُ (^٤).\nوأَما حَديثُ أنسٍ فى قصةِ العُرَنيّينَ، فإِنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَهُم أن يَكونوا فى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٥٣١).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة ١٢٤٩١) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حزم فى المحلى ١/ ٢٤٠ عن يونس به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٤، ١٢٤٥) من طرق عن الحسن","vol":"5","page":78},{"text":"الإبِلِ ويَشرَبوا مِن ألبانِها وأَبوالِها، فقَد قال الشافعىُّ ﵀: هذا على الضَّرورَةِ، كما أُجيزَ على الضَّرورَةِ أكلُ المَيتَةِ، وحُكمُ الضَّروراتِ مُخالِفٌ لِغَيرِهِ (^١). ونَحنُ نَذكُرُه إن شاءَ اللَّهِ تعالَى فى مَوضِعِه مِنَ الكِتابِ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٠٢ - وأَما الحَديثُ الذى أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدَّثَنا سَوّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن أبى الجَهمِ، عن البَراءِ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أُكِلَ لَحمُه فلا بأسَ ببَولِه\" (^٣).\nفَهَكَذا رواه سَوّارٌ مِن هذا الوَجهِ عَنه. وخالَفَه يَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ الرّازِىُّ، فرواه كما:\n\n٤٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأهوازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ الحُصَينِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ، عن مُطَرفِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما أُكِلَ لَحمُه فلا بأسَ ببَولِه\" (^٤). وعَمرُو بنُ الحُصَينِ العُقَيلِىُّ ويَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ الرّازِىُّ ضَعيفانِ وسَوّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥). وقيل\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة ٢/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦ عن الشافعى.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٦١٧٧، ١٦١٧٨، ١٦٥٤٠، ١٧٣٨٤، ١٨١٠٢، ١٩٧٠٥، ١٩٧٠٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٠٤). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٣٨: سوار متروك.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٨ من طريق سعيد بن عثمان به. وابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٥٧، وتمام فى فوائده (١٣٨ - روض) من طريق عمرو بن الحصين به.\n(^٥) تقدم الكلام عليهم عقب (١٢٠٤).","vol":"5","page":79},{"text":"عنه: \"ما أُكِلَ لَحمُه فلا بأسَ بسُؤرِه\". وقَد مَضَى فى كتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^١)، ولا يَصِحُّ فى هذا عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- شئٌ.\n\n٤٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ -﵁- كان يأمُرُ [بقَتلِ الكِلابِ والحَمَامِ] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-916>بابُ الرَّشِّ على بَولِ الصَّبِىِّ الذى لم ياْكُلِ الطَّعامَ</span>\n\n٤٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّباحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أُمِّ قَيسٍ بنتِ مِحصنٍ قالَت: دَخَلتُ بابنٍ لِى على النبىِّ -ﷺ- لم يأكُلِ الطَّعامَ، فبالَ عليه، فدَعا بماءٍ فرَشَّه عَلَيهِ (^٣). ورواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وجَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٠٤).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بغسل الكلاب فى الحمام\".\nوالأثر فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٣٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠١٦٧) من طريق يونس. وأحمد (٥٢١) عن الحسن به بلفظ: بقتل الكلاب وذبح الحمام.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٤٦)، والصغرى (١٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٩٦)، والترمذى (٧١)، وابن ماجه (٥٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٥)، وابن حبان (١٣٧٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٧/. . .).","vol":"5","page":80},{"text":"٤٢٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: حدَّثَنى مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ حدَّثَهم، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أُمَّ قَيسٍ بنتِ مِحصَنٍ، أنَّها جاءَتِ النبىَّ -ﷺ- بابنٍ صَغيرٍ لم يأكُلِ الطَّعامَ، فأَجلَسَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حَجرِه، فبالَ عليه، فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بماءٍ فنَضحَه عليه ولَم يَغسِلْه (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبِ عن يونُسَ، وعَن محمدِ بنِ الرُّمحِ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: أُتِىَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- بصَبِىٍّ فبالَ عليه، فدَعا بماءٍ فأَتبَعَه إيّاه (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٦٤، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٧٤)، والنسائى (٣٠١)، وابن خزيمة عقب (٢٨٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٦) من طريق ابن وهب عن يونس به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٣)، ومسلم (١٠٣/ ٢٨٧، ١٠٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٦٤، ومن طريقه النسائى (٣٠٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٢).","vol":"5","page":81},{"text":"٤٢٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشام، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُؤتَى بالصَّبيان فيُبَركُ عَلَيهِم ويُحَنكُهُم، فأُتِىَ بصَبِىٍّ فبالَ عليه، فدَعا بماءٍ فأَتبَعَه ولَم يَغسِلْه (^١). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢). وقالَ جَريرٌ عن هِشامٍ: فصَبَّه عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-917>بابُ ما رُوِى فى الفَرقِ بَيَن بَولِ الصَّبِىِّ والصَّبيَّةِ</span>\n\n٤٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدَّثَنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبى المُخارِقِ، عن لُبابَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ قالَت: بالَ الحسينُ فى حَجرِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: هاتِ ثَوبَكَ حَتَّى أغسِلَه. فقالَ: \"إنما يُغسَلُ بَولُ الأُنثَى، ويُنضَحُ بولُ الذَّكَرِ\" (^٤). رواه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى الأحوَصِ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رواه إسرائيلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٤٩) من طريق ابن نمير به. والحميدى (١٦٤)، وأحمد (٢٤١٩٢)، البخارى (٥٤٦٨)، ومسلم (٢٨٦/. . .)، وأبو داود (٥١٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٥٢٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٦/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٢٨٦/ ١٠٢) من طريق جرير.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٦، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٢) من طريق أسد به. وابن ماجه (٥٢٢) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٧٥). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦١): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":82},{"text":"وشَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ (^١). ولُبابَةُ هِىَ أُمُّ الفَضلِ.\n\n٤٢١٠ - وَرُوِى عن علىِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن قابوسَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَت أُمُّ الفَضلِ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ-. فذكَر قِصَّةً، وفيها: فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما يُغسَلُ بَولُ الجاريَةِ، ويُنضَحُ بَولُ الغُلامِ\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا حُسنونٌ (^٢) البَنّاءُ الكوفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ المُرِّىُّ، عن علىِّ بنِ صالِحٍ فذكَره إلا أنَّه قال: قابوسُ بنُ المُخارِقِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢١١ - وقالَ حُمَيدٌ: كان عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ يَرويه عن أبى عياضٍ، عن لُبابَةَ أُمِّ الفَضلِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: قال حُمَيدٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٤٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُجاهِدُ بنُ موسَى وعَباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ المَعنَى قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ الوَليدِ. وقالَ العَبّاسُ: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنى مُحِلُّ بنُ خَليفَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو السَّمحِ قال: كُنتُ أخدُمُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فكانَ إذا أرد أن يغتسل قال: \"ولِّنِى قَفاكَ\". فأوَلِّيه قَفاىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٧٥، ٢٦٨٨٢) من طريق إسرائيل وشريك به.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطها فى الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٢٥٢٦) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد عقب (٢٦٨٧٧) عن عفان به.","vol":"5","page":83},{"text":"فأَستُرُه، فأُتِىَ بحَسَنٍ أو حُسَينٍ، فبالَ على صَدرِه، فجِئتُ أغسِلُه، فقالَ: \"يُغسَلُ مِن بَولِ الجاريَةِ، ويُرَشُّ مِن بَولِ الغُلامِ\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: وهو أبو الزَّعراءِ يَعنى يَحيَى بنَ الوَليدِ. ورواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ وقالَ فى الحديث: فقالَ: \"رُشّوه رَشًّا، فإِنَّه يُغسَلُ بَولُ الجاريَةِ، ويُرَشُّ مِن (^٢) بَولِ الغُلامِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ السَّماك ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحارِثىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى حَربِ ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال فى بَولِ الرَّضيعِ: \"يُنضَحُ بَولُ الغُلامِ، ويُغسَلُ بَولُ الجاريَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٢١٤ - وحَدَّثنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ الخُراسانىُّ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَزّازُ (^٥)، حدَّثَنا عَفانُ، حدَّثَنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ وزادَ: قال قَتادَةُ: هذا ما لم يَطعَما،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٧٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٢٦، ٦١٣) عن مجاهد وعباس به. والنسائى (٢٢٤، ٣٠٣) عن مجاهد به. وابن خزيمة (٢٨٣) عن عباس به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٢).\n(^٢) ليس فى: ص ٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٦٦ وصححه، وعنه المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٥١) من طريق أحمد به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٩٦)، والحاكم ١/ ١٦٥، ١٦٦، وقال: وهو على شرطهما. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٧)، وأبو داود (٣٧٨)، والترمذى (٦١٠)، وابن ماجه (٥٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٤)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٣٧٥) من طريق معاذ به. وأحمد (٥٦٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"البزار\" وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ١٩٢.","vol":"5","page":84},{"text":"فإِذا طَعِما غُسِلا (^١).\n\n٤٢١٥ - ورواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ مَوقوفًا. أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّد، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى حَربِ ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: يُغسَلُ بَولُ الجاريَةِ، ويُنضَحُ بَولُ الغُلامِ ما لم يَطعَمْ (^٢). وَفيما بَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ لا يَرفَعُه، وهِشام الدَّستُوائىُّ يَرفَعُه وهو حافِظٌ (^٣).\nقُلتُ: إلا أنَّ غَيرَ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشام رواه عن هِشامٍ مُرسَلًا:\n\n٤٢١٦ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا هِشام، عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"بَولُ الغُلامِ يُنضَحُ، وبَولُ الجاريَةِ يُغسَلُ\".\n\n٤٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ صهَيبٍ الأدَمِىُّ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صادَرا (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٩ من طريق عفان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٧٧). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٣).\n(^٣) علل الترمذى ص ٤٣.","vol":"5","page":85},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ المَدائنِىُّ ويُعرَفُ بابنِ صادَرا، حدَّثَنا الفُضيلُ بنُ سليمانَ النُّمَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا كَثيرُ بنُ قَارَوَنْدَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَزمٍ، عن مُعاذَةَ بنتِ حُبَيشٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان جالِسًا وفى حَجرِه حَسَنٌ وحُسَينٌ أو أحَدُهُما، فبالَ الصَّبِىُّ قالَت: فقُمتُ فقُلتُ: أغسِلُ الثَّوبَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَولُ الغُلامِ يُنضَحُ، وبَولُ الجاريَةِ يُغسلُ\" (^١). وهَذا الحَديثُ صَحيحٌ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ مِن فِعلِها.\n\n٤٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبى الحَجّاج أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحسنِ، عن أُمَّه، أنَّها أبصَرَت أُمَّ سلمةَ -﵂- تَصُبُّ على بَولِ الغُلامِ ما لم يَطعَمْ، فإِذا طَعِمَ غَسَلَته، وكانَت تَغسِلُ بَولَ الجاريَةِ (^٢).\nوالأحاديثُ المُسنَدَةُ فى الفَرقِ بَينَ بَولِ الغُلامِ والجاريَةِ فى هذا البابِ إذا ضُمَّ بَعضها إلى بَعضٍ قَوِيَت، وكأَنَّها لم تَثبُتْ عندَ الشافعىِّ ﵀ حينَ قال: ولا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِى فى بَولِ الصَّبِىِّ والجاريَةِ فرقٌ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الثّابِتَةِ (^٣).\nوإلَى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ ذَهَبَ البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ حَيثُ لم يودِعا شَيئًا مِنها كِتابَيهِما،\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٠: إسناده مظلم وهو موقوف أصح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٧٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٥).\n(^٣) مختصر المزنى ص ١٨.","vol":"5","page":86},{"text":"إلا أنَّ البُخارِىَّ استَحسَنَ حَديثَ أبى السَّمحِ، وصَوَّبَ هِشامًا فى رَفعِ حَديثِ علىٍّ (^١)، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ فِعلُ أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- صَحيحٌ عَنها، مَعَ ما سَبَقَ مِنَ الأحاديثِ الثّابِتَةِ فى الرَّشِّ على بَولِ الصَّبِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-918>بابُ المَنِىِّ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ</span>\n\n٤٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بَرهان وأبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: إن كُنتُ لأجِدُه -يَعنى المَنِىَّ- فى ثَوبِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فأَحُتُّه عَنه (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ، أنَّ رجلًا نَزَلَ بعائشَةَ -﵂-، فأَصبَحَ يَغسِلُ ثَوبَه، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: إنَّما كان\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذى ص ٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٨٨). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٠)، وأبو نعيم فى المستخرج (٦٦٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٨/ ١٠٧).","vol":"5","page":87},{"text":"يُجزِئُكَ إن رأيتَه أن تَغسِلَ مَكانَه، فإِن لم تَرَه نَضحتَ حَولَه، ولَقَد رأَيتُنِى أفرُكُه مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فركًا فيُصَلِّى فيهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادٌ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كُنتُ أفرُكُ المَنِىَّ مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيُصَلِّى فيهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدَّثَنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن واصِلٍ الأحدَبِ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: رأَتنِى عائشَةُ -﵂- أغسِلُ أثَرَ جَنابَةٍ أصابَت ثَوبِى، فقالَت: ما هَذا؟ فقُلتُ: أثَرُ جَنابَةٍ أصابَت ثَوبِى. فقالَت: لَقَد رأَيتُنِى وإِنَّه لَيُصيبُ ثَوبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فما نَزيدُ على أن نَفعَلَ به هَكَذا. تَعنِى نَفرُكُه (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (١٣٧٩) من طريق خالد بن عبد اللَّهِ به. وأحمد (٢٦٠٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (١٣٨٠) من طريق أبى معشر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٨/ ١٠٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة عن حماد ابن أبى سليمان به. وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق حماد بن أبى سليمان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٣٣٢) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن أسماء به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به.","vol":"5","page":88},{"text":"مَهدِىٍّ عن مَهدِىِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ (^١).\n\n٤٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا مَنصورٌ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ قالَ: ضافَ عائشةَ -﵂- ضيفٌ، فأَرسَلَت إلَيه تَدعوه، فقالوا لَها: إنَّه أصابَته جَنابَة فذَهَبَ يَغسِلُ ثَوبَه. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ولِمَ غَسَلَهُ؟ إن كُنتُ لأفرُكُ المَنِىَّ مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ الأصبَهانِىِّ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: إن كُنتُ لأفرُكُ المَنِىَّ مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثم يُصَلِّى فيهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٢٥ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ قال: حدَّثَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن الحَكَمِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٨٨/ ١٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٥٧)، والحميدى (١٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٣٥)، والنسائى (٢٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق منصور به. والترمذى (١١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٨ من طريق شريك به.","vol":"5","page":89},{"text":"وحَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ (^١) الحارِثِ، أنَّه أضافَ عائشةَ -﵂-. فذكَر الحديثَ. وقالَت: قَد رأيتُنى أمسَحُه مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وإِذا جَفَ حَتَتُّه (^٢).\n\n٤٢٢٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَوّاسٍ أبو عاصِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الخولانِىِّ قال: كُنتُ نازِلًا على عائشةَ -﵂-، فاحتَلَمتُ فى ثَوبَىَّ فغَمَستُهُما فى الماءِ، فرأتنِى جاريَةٌ لِعائشَةَ -﵂- فأَخبَرَتها، فبَعَثَت إلىَّ عائشةُ -﵂- فقالَت: ما حَمَلَكَ على ما صَنَعتَ بثَوْبِك؟ قال: قُلتُ: رأيتُ ما يَرَى النّائمُ فى مَنامِهِ. قالَت: فهَل رأيتَ فيها شَيئًا؟ قُلتُ: لا. قالَت: فلَو رأيتَ شَيئًا غَسَلتَه؟ لَقَد رأيتُنى وإِنِّى لأحُكُّه مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يابِسًا بظُفُرِى (^٣). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ أحمدَ بنِ جَوّاسٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ (^٥) محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) فى النسخ: \"عن\". والمثبت من مصدر التخريج، وهو الصواب، وتقدم فى الإسنادين قبله. وينظر الأسماء المبهمة ص ٤٠٨، وفتح البارى ١/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق المسعودى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٩٠/ ١٠٩).\n(^٥) سقط من: س، م. والمثبت هو الصواب، فهو إسحاق بن محمد بن يوسف بن يعقوب، أبو عبد اللَّه السوسى. تقدمت ترجمته فى (١٦٦).","vol":"5","page":90},{"text":"العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كُنتُ أفرُكُ المَنِىَّ مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\nوقيل: عن بشرِ بنِ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢).\n\n٤٢٢٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لَقَد رأيتُنى أفرُكُ الجَنابَةَ عن (^٣) صَدرِ ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا يَغسِلُ مَكانَه (^٤).\n\n٤٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ بمَكَّةَ إملاءً مِن كِتابِه، حدَّثَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالَ: قالَت عائشَةُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسلُتُ المَنِىَّ مِن ثَوبِه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٥٥)، والشافعى ١/ ٥٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨) من طريق عمرو بن أبى سلمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٩ من طريق بشر بن بكر به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١٥٢٣)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٦٥) من طريق عباد به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥١ من طريق القاسم به.","vol":"5","page":91},{"text":"بعِرْقِ (^١) الإذخِرِ (^٢)، ثم يُصَلِّى فيهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٣٠ - قال: وقالَ القاسِمُ: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُبصِرُ المَنِىَّ فى ثَوبِه ثم يَحُتُه فيُصَلِّى فيهِ (^٤).\nتابَعَه إسماعيلُ بنُ سِنانٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ.\n\n٤٢٣١ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ كِلاهُما يُخبِرُه، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباس، أنَّه قال فى المَنِىِّ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ، قال: أمِطْه عَنكَ -قال أحَدُهُما: بعودِ إذخِرٍ- فإِنَّما هو بمَنزِلَةِ البُصاقِ أو المُخاطِ (^٥).\nهذا صَحيحٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِهِ. وقَد رُوِى مَرفوعًا ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه.\n\n٤٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ قَحْطَبَةَ، حدَّثَنا سَريعٌ الخادِمُ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"بعود\".\n(^٢) الإذخر: حشيشة معلومة طيبة الرائحة تسقف بها البيوت فوق الخشب. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥، والنهاية ١/ ٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٩٩٥) من طريق يزيد بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٦٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٥٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٧) عن ابن عيينة عن عمرو بن دينار وحده به.","vol":"5","page":92},{"text":"عن المَنِىِّ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما هو بمَنزِلَةِ البُصاقِ أوِ المُخاطِ، إنَّما كان يَكفيكَ أن تَمسَحَه بخِرقَة أو إذخِرٍ\" (^١).\nورواه وكيعٌ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ، وهو الصَّحيحُ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يُحَدِّثُ عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان يَفرُكُ الجَنابَةَ مِن (^٣) ثَوبِهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٣٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن جَريرِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أخبرَنِى المُصعَبُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان إذا أصابَ ثَوبَه المَنِىُّ إن كان رَطبًا مَسَحَه، وإِن كان يابِسًا حَتَّه، ثم صَلَّى فيهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-919>بابُ الاختيارِ فى غَسلِ المَنِىِّ تَنَظُّفًا</span>\n\n٤٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٣٢١)، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٤ من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٥ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) فى ص ٢: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه مسدد كما فى إتحاف الخيرة (١٠٠٠) من طريق شعبة به. وقال البوصيرى: إسناد رجاله ثقات.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٦١)، والشافعى ١/ ٥٦. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩٢٤) عن جرير به. وابن أبى شيبة (٩٢٣) من طريق مصعب به.","vol":"5","page":93},{"text":"الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، أخبرَنِى سليمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أخبرَتنى عائشَةُ -﵂-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا أصابَ ثَوبَه المَنِىُّ غَسَلَ ما أصابَ مِنه ثَوبَه، ثم خَرَجَ إلى الصَّلاةِ وأَنا أنظُرُ إلى أثَرِ البُقَعِ فى ثَوبِه ذَلِكَ فى مَوضِعِ الغَسلِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٣٦ - وأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن المَنِىِّ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ فقالَت: قَد كُنتُ أغسِلُه مِن ثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيَخرُجُ إلى الصَّلاةِ وأَثَرُ الغَسلِ فى ثَوبِه بُقَعُ الماءِ (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىِّ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٤).\nورواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ وزُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، نَحوَ رِوايَةِ عبدِ الواحِدِ فى إضافَةِ الغَسلِ إلى عائشةَ -﵂- (^٥)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٨٢) من طريق يزيد به. وابن ماجه (٥٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٠٧)، وأبو داود (٣٧٣)، والترمذى (١١٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٨٠) من طريق عمرو بن ميمون به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٨٩).\n(^٥) رواية ابن المبارك أخرجها البخارى (٢٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٨٩)، والنسائى (٢٩٤)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"5","page":94},{"text":"ابنُ حَنبَلٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^١).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ فأَضافَ الغَسلَ إلى النبىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٤٢٣٧ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا حَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مَيمونٍ قال: سأَلتُ سليمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ عن المَنِىِّ يُصيبُ الثَّوبَ أيَغسِلُه أم يَغسِلُ الثَّوبَ؟ فقالَ: أخبرَتنِى عائشَةُ -﵂- أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يَغسِلُ المَنِىَّ ثم يَخرُجُ إلى الصَّلاةِ فى ذَلِكَ الثَّوبِ وأَنا أنظُرُ إلى أثَرِ الغَسلِ فيهِ. ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ وبِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ فى إضافَةِ الغَسلِ إلَيهِ (^٣).\nوحَديثُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ يَدُلُّ على أنَّ سياقَ الحديثِ لأجلِ طَهارَةِ عَرَقِ الجُنُبِ، وأَنَّه لَيسَ عليه غَسلُ الثَّوبِ الذى أجنَبَ فيه، وقَد يُغسَلُ المنِىُّ تَنظيفًا كما يُغسَلُ المُخاطُ وغَيرُه مِنَ الثوبِ تَنظيفًا لا تَنجيسًا، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= (٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٨١). ورواية زهير أخرجها البخارى (٢٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٧٣).\n(^١) أحمد (٢٥٠٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٩/ ١٠٨).\n(^٣) رواية يحيى أخرجها أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٦٦٧). ورواية بشر أخرجها ابن خزيمة (٢٨٧)، والطحاوى ١/ ٤٩، والدارقطنى ١/ ١٢٥. وقال الدارقطنى: صحيح","vol":"5","page":95},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-920>بابُ ما يُصَلَّى عليه وفيه من صوفٍ أو شَعَرٍ</span>\n\n٤٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا زَكَريّا، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أبيه، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصَّةِ المَسحِ قالَ: وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ مِن صوفٍ، فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يُخرِجَ ذِراعَيه مِنها حَتَّى أخرَجَها مِن أسفَلِ الجُبَّةِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مَن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَكَريّا (^٢).\nوقَد رواه مَسروقٌ عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ فقالَ: وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ شاميَّةٌ ضَيقَةُ الكُمَّينِ. ثم ذكَر مَسحَه وصَلاتَه (^٣).\nورواه يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ عن عامرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن أبيه فقالَ: وعَليه جُبَّةٌ مِن صوفٍ مِن جِبابِ الرّومِ ضَيِّقَةُ الكُمَّينِ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ زكريا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ قالَ: أخبرَنِى أبى، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن صَفيَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٦٣١) من طريق بشر به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٤٨) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٧٩٩)، ومسلم (٢٧٤/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه (٤١٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٤٢)، وأبو داود (١٥١)، والترمذى (١٧٦٨) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"5","page":96},{"text":"بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: خَرَجَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ذاتَ غَداةٍ وعَلَيه مِرْطٌ مُرَحَّلٌ (^١) مِن شَعَرٍ أسوَدَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: صَنَعتُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بُردَةً سَوداءَ مِن صوفٍ فلَبِسَها فأَعجَبَته، فلَمّا عَرِقَ فيها فوَجَدَ ريحَ النَّمِرَةِ (^٤) قَذَفَها (^٥).\n\n٤٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ قَيسٍ الأشعَرِىِّ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قَيسٍ أنَّه قال: يا بُنَىَّ لَو شَهِدْتَنا ونَحنُ مَعَ نَبيِّنا -ﷺ- إذا أصابَتنا السَّماءُ، لَحَسِبتَ ريحَنا ريحَ الضّأنِ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المرط: كساء يكون تارة من صوف وتارة من شعر أو كتان أو خز. والمرحل: الذى عليه صورة رحال الإبل. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٤/ ٥٧.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٤٨، وأحمد (٢٥٢٩٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٣٢)، والترمذى (٢٨١٣) من طريق يحيى به. وتقدم فى (٢٨٩٧) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٨١/ ٣٦).\n(^٤) النمرة: بردة من صوف تلبسها الأعراب وتلبسها الإماء، والجمع نمار. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ١٦٨.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٤٩، والطيالسى (٣١٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٠٣)، وأبو داود (٤٠٧٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٦١) من طريق همام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٣٥).","vol":"5","page":97},{"text":"لِباسِنا الصّوفَ (^١).\n\n٤٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأحوَصِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا بشَملَةٍ له صَغيرَةٍ قَد عَقَدَ طَرَفَيها بَينَ كَتِفَيه، فصَلَّى بنا لَيسَ عليه شَئٌ غَيرُها (^٢).\n\n٤٢٤٣ - وبِإِسنادِه عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ وعَلَيه جُبَّةُ صوفٍ روميَّةٌ ضَيقَةُ الكُفَينِ، فصَلَّى بنا فيها لَيسَ عليه شَئٌ غَيرُها (^٣).\n\n٤٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ إسماعيلَ الفَقيهُ بالرَّىِّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدَّثَنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدَّثَنا شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَركَبُ الحِمارَ، ويَلبَسُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٤٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٥٨) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (١٩٧٥٩)، وأبو داود (٤٠٣٣)، والترمذى (٢٤٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٦٢)، وابن حبان (١٢٣٥) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الترمذى: حديث صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٥٥٢) من طريق الأحوص به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٦٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٥٦٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٥: خالد يرسل عن كبار الصحابة. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٧٨٣).","vol":"5","page":98},{"text":"الصّوفَ، ويَعتَقِلُ الشّاةَ (^١)، ويأتِى [مَدْعاةَ الضعيفِ] (^٢). كَذا أخبرَناه، وهو بهَذا الإسنادِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ.\n\n٤٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، أنَّه سمِعَ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: صَلَّى فى هذا المَسجِدِ مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ، يَعنِى مَسجِدَ مِنًى، سَبعونَ نَبيًّا، لِباسُهُمُ الصّوفُ ونِعالُهُمُ الخوصُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-921>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى جِلدِ ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه إذا ذُكِّىَ</span>\n\n٤٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: رأيتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى نَعلَينِ مَخصوفَتَينِ (^٣) مِن جُلودِ البَقَرِ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو\n_________\n(^١) اعتقال الشاة: هو أن يضع رجلها بين ساقه وفخذه ثم يحلبها. النهاية ٣/ ٢٨١.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"مراعاة الضيف\"، وفى ص ٢: \"مراعاة الضعيف\". والمثبت كما فى المهذب ٢/ ٨٤٥. والمدعاة: الدعوة والمأدُبة. ينظر فتح البارى ١/ ٧٦.\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٦١. وأخرجه البزار (٣١٢٨) من طريق هاشم به مختصرا. وأبو الشيخ فى أخلاق النبى -ﷺ- ص ١٢٩، وابن عساكر ٤/ ٧٧ من طريق شيبان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٥: وسنده نظيف.\n(^٣) يعنى مخروزتين، خصف النعل: هو خرزها طاقة على أخرى، وأصل الخصفة: الضم والجمع. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٤) أبو الشيخ ابن حيان فى أخلاق النبى -ﷺ- ص ١٤٢. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٥: القزاز كذبه أبو داود.","vol":"5","page":99},{"text":"غَسّانَ يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ كما أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-922>بابُ الصَّلاةِ فى الجِلدِ المَدبوغِ</span>\n\n٤٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ ابنِ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيع بنِ طارِقٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ أبا الخَيرِ حدَّثه قال: رأيتُ على ابنِ وَعْلَةَ السَّبائىِّ فروًا فمَسِسْتُه فقالَ: ما لَكَ تَمَسُّه؟ قَد سألتُ عنه ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: إنّا نكون فى المَغرِبِ ومعنا البَربَرُ والمَجوسُ، نُؤتَى بالكَبشِ فيَذبَحونَه، ونَحنُ لا نأكُلُ ذَبائحَهُم، ونُؤتَى بالسَّقاء فيه الوَدَكُ (^١). فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"دِباغُه طَهورُه\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن عمرِو بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزَّبرِقانِ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبى عَونٍ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى على الحَصيرِ والفَروَةِ المَدبوغَةِ (^٤). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" مِن حَديثِ أبى\n_________\n(^١) الودك: دسم اللحم ودهنه. فتح البارى ١/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦٦/ ١٠٦).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٦٥، والحاكم ١/ ٢٥٩، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة =","vol":"5","page":100},{"text":"أحمدَ (^١).\n\n٤٢٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو (^٢) الحسينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدَّثَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ الحارِثِ. فذكَره، إلا أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: عن أبيه. وقالَ: كان يَستَحِبُّ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى فى المَسجِدِ، فأَتاه شَيخٌ ذو ضَفيرتَيْن فقالَ: يا أبا عيسَى، حَدِّثْنِى ما سَمِعتَ مِن أبيك فى الفِراءِ. قالَ: حدَّثَنى أبى قالَ: كُنّا جُلوسًا عندَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فأَتاه رجلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُصَلِّى فى الفِراءِ؟ قال: رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فأينَ الدِّباغُ؟ \". فلَمّا ولَّى الرَّجُلُ قُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: سُوَيدُ بنُ غَفَلَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-923>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على الخُمْرَةِ</span>\n\n٤٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= (١٠٠٦) من طريق الزبيرى به. وأحمد (١٨٢٢٧) من طريق يونس به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٥: يونس ضُعِّف.\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٥٩). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٢٨).\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) ابن بشران فى أماليه (٢٩).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٨٦) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى.","vol":"5","page":101},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن خالَتِه مَيمونَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى على الخُمْرَةِ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيبُ ابنُ خالِد، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنس بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يأتِى أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ فيَقيلُ عندَها، وكانَ يُصَلِّى على نِطَعٍ (^٣)، وكانَ كَثيرَ العَرَقِ، فتَتَّبَّعُ العَرَقَ مِنَ النِّطَعِ، فتَجعَلُه فى القَواريرِ مَعَ الطّيبِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى على الخُمرَةِ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا تَمتامٌ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا وُهَيب، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنسٍ، عن أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى على الخُمرَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٤٩)، والنسائى (٧٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٠٧) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٠٥)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٨) من طريق الشيبانى به. وسيأتى من طريق الشيبانى فى (٥٢٩١، ٥٢٩٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٨١)، ومسلم (٥١٣/ ٢٧٠).\n(^٣) النِّطَع: البساط من الأديم (الجلد). التاج ٢٢/ ٢٦١ (ن ط ع).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣٠٥) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١١٩)، ومسلم (٢٣٣٢/ ٨٥) من طريق عفان به.","vol":"5","page":102},{"text":"ورواه عبدُ الوهَّاب الثَّقَفِىُّ عن أيّوبَ عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالِكٍ:\n\n٤٢٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب، عن أيّوبَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقيلُ عندَ أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ، فتَبسُطُ له نِطَعًا، فتأخُذُ مِن عَرَقِه فتَجعَلُه فى طيبِها، وتَبسُطُ له الخُمرَةَ ويُصَلِّى عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٤٢٥٥ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلِّى على الخُمرَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-924>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على الحَصيِر</span>\n\n٤٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمزو بنعبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨١)، وابن حبان (٤٥٢٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٢٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٧١) عن عبد الرحمن به. وأحمد (٢٩٤٠) من طريق زائدة به. والترمذى (٣٣١)، وابن حبان (٢٣١٠) من طريق سماك به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":103},{"text":"عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو سعيدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يصلى على حَصيرٍ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢). واتَّفَقا على حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ فى هذا البابِ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فى مَوضِعِه إنْ شاءَ اللَّهِ تَعالَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-925>بابُ نَهى الرِّجالِ عن ثيابِ الحَريرِ</span>\n\n٤٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومحمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- رأَى حُلَّةً سِيَراءَ (^٤) عندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَوِ اشتَرَيتَ هَذِه فلَبِستَها يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ولِلوَفدِ إذا قَدِموا عَلَيكَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٣) عن يعلى بن عبيد به. وأحمد (١١٤٨٩)، والترمذى (٣٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٠٤)، وابن حبان (٢٣٠٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥١٩/ ٢٨٤).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٥٢٢٦).\n(^٤) الحلة السيراء التى هى من حرير محض أو يخالطها حرير. وضبطوا الحلة هنا بالتنوين على أن سيراء صفة وبغير تنوين على الإضافة وهما وجهان مشهوران والمحققون ومتقنو العربية يختارون الإضافة وأكثر المحدثين ينونون. ينظر فتح البارى ٢/ ٣٧٤. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٤/ ٣٧.","vol":"5","page":104},{"text":"هَذِه مَن لا خَلاقَ له فى الآخِرَةِ\". ثم جاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنها حُلَلٌ، فأَعطَى عمرَ مِنها حُلَّةً، فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَسَوتَنيها وقَد قُلتَ فى حُلَّةِ عُطارِدٍ (^١) ما قُلتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى لم أكسُكَها لِتَلبَسَها\". فكَساها عُمَرُ أخًا له مُشرِكًا بمَكَّةَ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ. ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٢٥٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ عمرَ رأَى حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ تُباعُ عندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ. فذكَر الحديثَ بنَحوِه إلى أن قالَ: وقَد قُلتَ فيها ما قُلتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى لم أكسُكَها لِتَلبَسَها، إنَّما كَسَوتُكَها لِتَبيعَها أو لِتَكْسُوَها\". فكَساها عُمَرُ أخًا له مِن أُمِّه مُشرِكًا بمَكَّةَ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) هو عطارد بن حاجب التميمى. فتح البارى ٢/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩١٧، ومن طريقه النسائى (١٣٨١)، وابن حبان (٥٤٣٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٤٠) عن الفعنبى به. وسيأتى فى (٦٠١٧) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد. وفى (١٨٣٧٨) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦١٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٨/ ٦).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٣٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٩٧) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأحمد (٤٧١٣)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٧١)، والنسائى (٥٣١٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٩١) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٦٨).","vol":"5","page":105},{"text":"٤٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّرامِىُّ وصالِح جَزَرَةُ قالا: حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى ذِبيانَ خَليفَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٤٢٦٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العسكرىُّ بالبَصرَةَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو ذِبيانَ خَليفَةُ ابنُ كَعبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: لا تَلبَسوا الحَريرَ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-: يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لَبِسَ الحَريرَ فى الدنيا لم يَلبَسْه فى الآخِرَةِ\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ مِن قِبَلِ نَفسِه: ومَن لم يَلبَسْه فى الآخِرَةِ لم يَدخُلِ الجَنَّةِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهِ تعالَى قال: ﴿وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ﴾ [الحج: ٢٣]. وفى رِوايَةِ علىٍّ: وقالَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: وذَلِكَ لِقَولِ اللَّهِ تعالَى: ﴿وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ﴾ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البغوى فى الجعديات (١٤١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١)، والنسائى (٥٣٢٠) من طريق شعبة.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٤٩٩) من طريق آدم به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٨٣٤)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١١).","vol":"5","page":106},{"text":"صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ: عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ شَديدًا- عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن لَبِسَ الحَريرَ فى الدُّنيا لم يَلبَسْه فى الآخِرَةِ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ (^٣) عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ هارونَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ أبى الرَّبيعِ الجُرجانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن (^٤) ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ استَسقَى، فأَتاه دِهقانٌ بإِناءٍ مِن فِضَّةٍ، فأَخَذَه فرَمى به وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهانا أن نَشرَبَ فى آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ، وأَن نأكُلَ فيها، وعَن لُبسِ الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ، وأَن نَجلِسَ عَلَيهِ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٢)، وابن حبان (٥٤٢٩، ٥٤٣٥) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٨٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٣٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٣/ ٢١).\n(^٣) كذا فى س، م، والمعرفة للمصنف. وعند الدارقطنى: أبو صالح. وهو كذلك فيما سيأتى (١٥٣٩٠)، وكذا ترجم له أبو نعيم فى تاريخ أصبهان ٢/ ١١٣، والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٢٨٨، ووقع فى تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٣٢٢ فى ترجمة أحمد بن سنان: أبو سعيد.\n(^٤) فى ص ٢: \"وعن\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٨٥٠)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٣. وتقدم فى (١٠٣) من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٨٣٧).","vol":"5","page":107},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-926>بابُ مَن صَلَّى فيها أو فيما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الأعلامِ لم يُعِدْ</span>\n\n٤٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصر، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى رجلٌ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّد بنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ أنَّه قال: أُهدِىَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فَرُّوجُ (^١) حَريرٍ فلَبِسَه ثم صَلَّى فيه، ثم انصَرَفَ، فنَزَعَه نَزعًا شَديدًا كالكارِهِ له ثم قال: \"لا يَنبغى هذا لِلمُتَّقينَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، وفى حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ سمِع عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ وعَلَيه فرّوجُ حَريرٍ، فصَلَّى فيه ثم انصَرَفَ فنَزَعَه وقالَ: \"لا يَنبغى لِباسُ هذا لِلمُتَّقينَ\" (^٢). رواه البخارى ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) الفروج: القباء الذى فيه شق من خلفه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٧٦٩) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٧٣٤٣)، وابن حبان (٥٤٣٣) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٧٣٥٣) من طريق يزيد به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٤٨: إنما لبسه ﵇ قبل أن يحرم، فلما فرغ من صلاته ونزل تحريمه نزعه، أو شرعت حينئذ الكراهية للحرير ثم بعد حرم. ثم قال: هذه العبارة وحدها لا تدل على التحريم بل على الكراهة ثم نزل تحريمه.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٨٠١)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٥/ ٢٣).","vol":"5","page":108},{"text":"داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ شِهابٍ الزهرىُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فى خَميصَةٍ لَها أعلامٌ، فنَظَرَ إلى أعلى مِها، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"اذهَبوا بخَميصَتِى هَذِه إلى أبى جَهمٍ، فإِنَّها ألهَتنِى فى صَلاِتى، وأْتونِى بأنبِجانِيَّةٍ (^١) \" (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: أبو جَهمِ بنُ حُذَيفَةَ مِن بنى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-927>بابُ العَلَمِ فى الحَريرِ</span>\n\n٤٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عثمانَ النَّهدِىَّ يقولُ: أتانا كِتابُ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ونَحنُ مَعَ عُتبَةَ بنِ فرقَدٍ بأَذرَبيجانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الحَريرِ إلا هَكَذا. وأَشارَ بإصبَعَيه اللَّتَينِ تَليانِ الإبهامَ. قال: فما عَتَّمنا (^٤) أنَّه يَعنِى الأعلامَ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى س، م، والمهذب ٢/ ٨٤٨، وعند أبى داود: \"بأنبنجانيته\". وكذا فيما تقدم (٣٥٧٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠٥٢). وتقدم فى (٣٥٧٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٨١٧)، ومسلم (٥٥٦/ ٦١).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٢: \"علمنا\". ما عتمنا: ما أبطأنا عن معرفة ما عنى وأراد. النهاية ٣/ ١٨١.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٢٨)، وابن حبان (٥٤٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (٦١٤٨ - ٦١٥٠).\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٨٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٤).","vol":"5","page":109},{"text":"٤٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب يَعنى ابنَ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سَعِيدُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- خَطَبَ النّاسَ بالجابيَةِ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ إلا مَوضِعَ إصبَعٍ أو إصبَعَينِ أو ثَلاثٍ أو أربَعٍ. وأَشارَ بكَفِّه وعَقَدَ خَمسينَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرُّزىِّ (^٢) عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سليمانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -وكانَ خالَ ولَدِ عَطاءٍ- قال: أرسَلَتنى أسماءُ إلى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ فقالَت: بَلَغَنى أنَّكَ تُحَرِّمُ ثَلاثَةَ أشياءَ؛ العَلَمَ فى الثَّوبِ، ومِيثَرَةَ الأُرجوانِ (^٤)، وصَومَ رَجَبٍ كُلِّهِ. فقالَ لِى عبدُ اللَّهِ: أما ما ذَكَرتَ مِن رَجَبٍ، فكَيفَ بمَن يَصومُ الأبَدَ؟ وأمّا ما ذَكَرتَ مِنَ العَلَمِ فى الثَّوبِ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ الحَريرَ مَن لا خَلاقَ له فى الآخِرَةِ\". فخِفتُ أن يَكونَ العَلَمُ مِنه، وأمّا ميثَرَةُ الأُرجوانِ فهَذِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٥) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الرازى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٥٧٥.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٦٩).\n(^٤) تقدم تعريف الميثرة فى (٩٩)، والأرجوان: صبغ أحمر شديد الحمرة. الصحاح ٦/ ٢٣٥٣ (ر ج و).","vol":"5","page":110},{"text":"مِيثَرَةُ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فإِذا هِىَ أُرجوانٌ. فرَجَعتُ إلى أسماءَ فخَبَّرتُها فقالَت: هَذِه جُبَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخرَجَت إلىَّ جُبَّةَ طَيالِسَةٍ لَها لِبنَةُ (^١) ديباجٍ وفَرجَيها مَكفوفَينِ (^٢) بالدّيباجِ. فقالَت: هَذِه كانَت عندَ عائشةَ -﵂- حَتَّى قُبِضَت، فلَمّا قُبِضَت قَبَضتُها، وكانَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- يَلبَسُها، فنَحنُ نَغسِلُها لِلمَرضى نَستَشفِى بها (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٤٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ نُفَيلٍ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، حدَّثَنا خُصَيفٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قالَ: إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الثَّوبِ المُصمَتِ مِنَ الحَريرِ، فأَمّا العَلَمُ مِنَ الحَريرِ وسَدَى الثَّوبِ (^٥) فلا بأسَ بهِ (^٦).\nوسائرُ الأخبارِ الَّتِى ورَدَت فى هذا البابِ أو فى كَراهيَتِه مَنقولَة فى آخِرِ كِتابِ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ حَيثُ ذَكَرَها الشافعىُّ ﵀ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) لبنة الثوب: بكسر اللام وسكون الباء: رقعة فى جيب القميص. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٢) قال الإِمام النووى عن رواية مسلم: كذا وقع فى جميع النسخ: \"وفرجيها مكفوفين\". وهما منصوبان بفعل محذوف أى: ورأيت فرجيها مكفوفين. ومعنى المكفوف أنه جعل له كفة بضم الكاف، وهو ما يكف به جوانبها ويعطف عليها، ويكون ذلك فى الذيل وفى الفرجين وفى الكمين. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٤/ ٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١)، والترمذى (٢٨١٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٨٨) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٠).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"سداء\". وسدى الثوب: خلاف اللُّحْمة وهي خطوط نسيج الثوب التى بالعرض، والسدى: ما مد منه طولا فى النسج. ينظر التاج ٣٨/ ٢٥٥ (س د ى).\n(^٦) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٨٥٣)، والآداب ص ٣٤٠، وأبو داود (٤٠٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٩) من طريق خصيف به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٥٠: خصيف ضعفه أحمد.\n(^٧) ينظر المعرفة ٣/ ٢٠ وما بعدها.","vol":"5","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-928>بابُ نَهىِ الرِّجالِ عن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٤٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: نَهانى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن التَّخَتُّمِ بالذهَبِ، وعَن لِباسِ القَسِّىِّ، وعَنِ القراءةِ فى الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ، وعَن لِباسِ المُعَصفَرِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\nورواه الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن إبراهيمَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٤٢٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِع علىٌّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- يقولُ: نَهانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعَن لُبسِ القَسِّىِّ والمُعَصفَرِ، وعَن قراءةِ القُرآنِ وأَنا ساجِدٌ. قال: فكَسانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حُلَّةً سِيَراءَ فخَرَجتُ فيها فقالَ: \"يا علىُّ لم أكسُكَها لِتَلبَسَها\". قال: فرَجَعتُ فشَقَقتُها ثم طَرَحتُها إلى فاطِمَةَ فقُلتُ: البَسِى\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٨٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٢٤)، وأبو داود (٤٠٤٥)، والترمذى (١٧٣٧). وتقدم فى (٢٦٠١) من طريق إبراهيم.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٧٨/ ٣١).","vol":"5","page":112},{"text":"واكسِى نِساءَكِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأَى خاتَمًا مِن ذَهَبٍ فى يَدِ رجلٍ فنَزَعَه فطَرَحَه وقالَ: \"يَعمِدُ أحَدُكُم إلى جَمرَةٍ مِن نارٍ فيَجعَلُها فى يَدِه! \". فقيل لِلرَّجُلِ بَعدَ ما ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: خُذْ خاتَمَكَ انتَفِعْ بهِ. فقالَ: لا واللَّهِ لا آخُذُه أبَدًا وقَد طَرَحَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ عَسكَرٍ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- اتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن ذَهَبٍ، وكانَ يَجعَلُ فصَّه ممّا يَلى كَفَّه، فاتَّخَذَ النّاسُ الخَواتيمَ، فأَلقاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، واتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن وَرِقٍ، فكانَ فى يَدِه، ثم فى يَدِ أبى بكرٍ، ثم فى يَدِ عمرَ، ثم فى يَدِ عثمانَ -﵃- حَتَّى هَلَكَ فى بئرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٨٢٧) عن أحمد بن عبد الحميد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٨٤١) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٩٠/ ٥٢).","vol":"5","page":113},{"text":"أَريسٍ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-929>بابُ الرُّخصةِ فى الحَريرِ والذَّهَبِ لِلنّساءِ</span>\n\n٤٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعَمرُو ابنُ مَرزوقٍ جَميعًا، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ (^٣) مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أُهدِىَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حُلَّةٌ سِيَراءُ. قال: فبَعَثَ إلىَّ بها فلَبِستُها، فرأيتُ الغَضَبَ فى وجهِه، فشَقَقتُها خُمُرًا بَينَ نِسائى (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَرب، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٤٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ وشَبابَةُ\n_________\n(^١) بئر أريس: بئر بالمدينة مقابل مسجد قباء. معجم البلدان ١/ ٢٩٨.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٧٢، والجامع فى الخاتم (١٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٤٩٥) من طريق محمد بن بشر به. وأحمد (٤٦٧٧)، وأبو داود (٤٢١٨)، والنسائى (٥٢٣٠)، وابن حبان (٥٤٩٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وأحمد (٥٧٠٦)، والنسائى (٥٢٣٣)، وابن حبان (٥٥٠٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٩١)، والبخارى (٥٨٦٥، ٥٨٦٦).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٦٧) من طريق شيبة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٨٤٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٧١/ ١٩).","vol":"5","page":114},{"text":"قالا: حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العسكرىُّ، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عَونٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ الحَنَفِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أُهدِىَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حُلَّةٌ سِيَراءُ، فبَعَثَ بها إلىَّ فلَبِستُها فخَرَجتُ فيها، فنَظَرَ إلىَّ فكأنَّه كَرِهَه، فقالَ لِى: \"ما أعطيتُكَها لِتَلبَسَها\". فأَمَرَنِى فأَطَرتُها بَينَ (^١) نِسائى. وفى حَديثِ عفانَ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبى عَونٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صالِحٍ الحَنَفِىَّ، وقالَ: فعَرَفتُ الغَضَبَ فى وجهِه، وقالَ: فأَطَرتُها (^١) بَينَ نِسائهِ. والباقِى بمَعناه (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ، حدَّثَنى جَدِّى (^٤)، جَميعًا عن الزُّهرِىِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) أى: شققتها وقسمتها بينهن. النهاية ١/ ٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٠٨٦)، والآداب ص ٣٣٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧١)، وأبو داود (٤٠٤٣)، والنسائى (٥٣١٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٧١).\n(^٤) سقط من: س، م، ص ٢. والمثبت هو الصواب، فحجاج، وهو ابن أبى منيع يروى عن جده عبيد اللَّه بن أبى زياد الرصافى عن الزهرى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤٦٠، ١٩/ ٣٩. وينظر المهذب ٢/ ٨٥١.","vol":"5","page":115},{"text":"الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه رأى على أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثَوبَ سِيَراءَ مِن حَريرٍ (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢). ورواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: زَينَب بنت رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٤٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَب بواسِطٍ، حدَّثَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى الصَّعبَةِ، عن أبى أفلَحَ الهَمدانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زُرَيرٍ (^٤) الغافِقِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَهَبًا فى يَمينِه وحَريرًا فى شِمالِه، ثم رَفَعَ بهِما يَدَيه ثم قال: \"إنَّ هَذَينِ حَرامٌ على ذُكورِ أُمَّتِى\". وفى حَديثِ الزَّعفرانِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وفى إحدَى يَدَيه ذَهَبٌ، وفى الأُخرَى حَريرٌ فقالَ: \"هَذانِ حَرامٌ على ذُكورِ أُمَّتِى\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٧٨) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وأبو داود (٤٠٥٨)، والنسائى (٥٣١٢) من طريق الزبيدى به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٥٧٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٥٣١١)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٩٨) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"رزين\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى المهذب ومصادر التخريج، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٣٢٦، ١٤/ ٥١٧.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٠٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٠)، والنسائى (٥١٦٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٩٥) من طريق إسحاق به. وأحمد (٩٣٥)، والنسائى (٥١٥٩)، وابن حبان =","vol":"5","page":116},{"text":"٤٢٧٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ المروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أُحِلَّ الذَّهَبُ والحَريرُ لإِناثِ أُمَّتِى، وحُرِّمَ على ذُكورِها\" (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ (^٢)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-930>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فى اتِّخاذِ الأنفِ مِن الذَّهَبِ ورَبطِ الأسنانِ بهِ</span>\n\n٤٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن جَدِّه عَرفَجَةَ بنِ أسعَدَ، أنَّه أُصيبَ أنفُه يَومَ الكُلابِ (^٤) فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فاتَّخَذَ أنفًا مِن ورِقٍ، فأَنتَنَ عليه، [فأَمَرَه النبىُّ -ﷺ-] (^٥) أن يَتَّخِذَ أنفًا مِن ذَهَبٍ (^٦).\n_________\n= (٥٤٣٤) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٧٥٣).\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٧٢٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وسيأتى فى (٧٦٣٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وفى (٦١٨١) من طريق نافع به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٦١٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٥٩٧)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٦٠٨٤).\n(^٤) الكُلاب: ماء بين الكوفة والبصرة كان به يومان مشهوران للعرب بين ملوك كندة وبنى تميم. ينظر التاج ٤/ ١٧٢ (ك ل ب).\n(^٥) فى م: \"فسأل النبى -ﷺ- فأمره\".\n(^٦) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٣٩)، والطيالسى (١٣٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٧٠)، وأبو داود =","vol":"5","page":117},{"text":"٤٢٧٩ - ورواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن أبى الأشهَبِ ثم قال يَزيدُ: قُلتُ لأبِى الأشهَبِ: أدرَكَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ طَرَفَةَ جَدَّه عَرفَجَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٤٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوهَّابِ، حدَّثَنا الحسينُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ حَيانَ العُطارِدِىُّ يَعنى أبا الأشهَبِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ ابنِ عَرفَجَةَ بنِ أسعَدَ العُطارِدِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ أنفَه أُصيبَ يَومَ الكُلابِ فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فاتَخَذَ أنفًا مِن وَرِقٍ، فأَنتَنَ عليه، فسأَلَ النبىَّ -ﷺ- فأَمَرَه أن يَتَّخِذَ أنفًا مِن ذَهَبٍ.\n\n٤٢٨١ - ورواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أبى الأشهَبِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عَرفَجَةَ. بمَعناه. أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُؤَمَّلْ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٤٢٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدَّثَنا مَعنُ بنُ\n_________\n= (٤٢٣٤)، والترمذى (١٧٧٠)، والنسائى (٥١٧٧)، وابن حبان (٥٤٦٢) من طريق أبى الأشهب به. والنسائى (٥١٧٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن غريب.\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٣٢٩)، وأبو داود (٤٢٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٠٦) عن يزيد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢٣٤).","vol":"5","page":118},{"text":"عيسَى، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدانَ مَولَى قُرَيشٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يَطوفُ به بَنوه على سَواعِدِهِم وقَد شُدَّت أسنانُه بذَهَبٍ (^١).\nورُوّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن الحسنِ البَصرِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ وغَيرِهِما مِنَ التّابِعينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-931>بابٌ: لا تَصِلُ المَرأَةُ شَعَرَها بشَعَرِ غَيِرها</span>\n\n٤٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ المُنذِرِ حَدَّثَته، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّ لى بنتًا عَروسًا، وإِنَّ الحَصبَةَ أخَذَتها فسَقَطَ [شَعَرُ رأسِها] (^٣)، أفأصِلُ فى شَعَرِ رأسِها؟ قالَت أسماءُ: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَنَ اللَّهِ الواصِلَةَ والمُستَوصِلَةَ (^٤) \" (^٥). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٠٤، والطبرانى (٦٦٧)، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٧٩٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به بدون ذكر معن بن عيسى. وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٧٩٦) من طريق محمد بن سعدان به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٥٠، ٢٥٦٥١).\n(^٣) فى ص ٢: \"شعرها\".\n(^٤) الواصلة: التى تصل الشعر سواء كان لنفسها أم لغيرها، والمستوصلة: التى تطلب فعل ذلك، ويفعل بها. فتح البارى ١٠/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٠٤)، والنسائى (٥١٠٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٩٣٦)، ومسلم (٢١٢٢/ ١١٥).","vol":"5","page":119},{"text":"٤٢٨٤ - حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن صَفيَّةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ امرأة مِنَ الأنصارِ تَمَرَّطَ (^١) شَعَرُها، فأَرادوا أن يَصِلوا فيها، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فلَعَنَ الواصِلَةَ والمَوصولَةَ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى موسَى وبُندارٍ عن أبى داودَ، ورواه البخارىُّ عن آدَمَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدَّثَنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَعَنَ اللَّهِ الواصِلَةَ والمُستَوصِلَةَ، والواشِمَةَ والمُستَوشِمَةَ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، فقالَ: وقالَ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ: حدَّثَنا يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تمرط الشعر: تساقط وتحاتَّ. التاج ٢٠/ ١٠١ (م ر ط).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٦٦٩)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٥١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٠٥)، والنسائى (٥١١٢)، وابن حبان (٥٥١٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٢٣/ ١١٧)، والبخارى (٥٩٣٤).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"البزار\". وتقدم مرارا.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٨٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٧٣) عن يونس به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٩٣٣).","vol":"5","page":120},{"text":"٤٢٨٦ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً وأبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ قراءةً عليه قالا: أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ (^١) المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سمِع جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: زَجَرَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- أن تَصِلَ المَرأَةُ برأسِها شَيئًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُلوانِىِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّه سمِع مُعاويَةَ ابنَ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁- عامَ حَجَّ وهو على المِنبَرِ وتَناوَلَ قُصَّةً مِن شَعَرٍ كانَت فى يَدِ حَرَسِىٍّ (^٤) يقولُ: يا أهلَ المَدينَةِ أينَ عُلَماؤُكُم؟ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن مِثلِ هذا ويَقولُ: \"إنَّما هَلَكَ بَنو إسرائيلَ حينَ اتَّخَذَ هَذِه نِساؤُهُم\" (^٥). رواه\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الحسين\". وتقدم على الصواب فى (٥٤، ١٦٥، ١٨٤) وغيرها.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٥٠٧٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٥٥)، وابن حبان (٥٥١٥). وأحمد (١٥١٥٢) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٢٦/ ١٢١).\n(^٤) الحرسى بفتح الراء: نسبة إلى الحرس وهم خدم الأمير الذين يحرسون. فتح البارى ١٠/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٩٤٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤١٦٧)، وابن حبان (٥٥١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦٥)، والترمذى (٢٧٨١)، والنسائى (٥٢٦٠) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (٨٤٩١).","vol":"5","page":121},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِىُّ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن الهَيثَمِ، عن أُمَّ ثَورٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: لا بأسَ بالوِصالِ فى الشَّعَرِ إذا كان مِن صوفٍ (^٢).\nورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن جابِرٍ عن أُمِّ ثَورٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-932>بابُ مَن قال بطَهارَةِ شَعَرِ الآدَمِىِّ، وأَنَّ النَّهىَ عن الوَصلِ به لمعنًى آخَرَ لا لِنَجاسَتِهِ</span>\n\n٤٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدَّثَنا حَفصٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ يَومَ النَّحرِ، ثم رَجَعَ إلى مَنزِلِه بمِنًى، فدَعا بذِبْحٍ فذَبَحَ، ثم دَعا بالحَلَّاقِ فأَخَذَ شِقَّ رأسِه الأيمَنَ فحَلَقَه، فجَعَلَ يَقسِمُ بَينَ مَن يَليه الشَّعرَةَ والشَّعرَتَينِ، ثم أخَذَ شِقَّ رأسِه الأيسَرَ فحَلَقَه ثم قال: \"ههنا أبو طَلحَةَ؟ \". فدَفَعَه إلى أبى طَلحَةَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ أبى كُرَيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٤٦٨)، ومسلم (٢١٢٧/ ١٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى الآثار (١٠٤٩) عن أبى حنيفة به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٥٤ عن جابر: وهو واه.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٠، ٤٤١، وأبو داود (١٩٨١). وسيأتى فى (٩٤٧٤).","vol":"5","page":122},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^١).\n\n٤٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ حُمَيدُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: فلَمّا حَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّحرِ قَبَضَ شَعَرَه بيَدِه اليُمنَى، فلَمّا حَلَقَ الحَلّاقُ شِقَّ رأسِه الأيمَنَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أنَسُ، انطَلِقْ بهَذا إلى أبى طَلحَةَ وأُمِّ سُلَيمٍ\". قال: فلَمّا رأى النّاسُ ما خَصَّه به مِن ذَلِكَ تَنافَسوا فى بَقيَّةِ شَعَرِه، فهَذا يأخُذُ الخُصلَةَ، وهَذا يأخُذُ الشَّعَراتِ، وهَذا يأخُذُ الشَّئَ. قال محمد: فحَدَّثتُ الحديثَ عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِىَّ فقالَ: لأن تَكُون عِندِى مِنه شَعَرَةٌ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن كُلِّ أصفَرَ وأَبيَضَ (^٢) أصبَحَ على وجهِ الأرضِ وفى بَطنِها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-933>بابُ طَهارَةِ الأرضِ مِنَ البَولِ</span>\n\n٤٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٠٥/ ٣٢٤) وعنده: محمد بن سيرين. والبخارى (١٧١).\n(^٢) الأصفر والأبيض: الذهب والفضة. النهاية ١/ ١٧٢، ٣/ ٣٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٢٣٣) عن حميد به. والبزار (٦٧١٨) من طريق أيوب. وتقدم فى (٩٠). وسيأتى فى (١٣٥٣٩، ١٣٥٤٠) من طريق محمد بن سيرين. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٥٥: مؤمل قال البخارى: منكر الحديث.","vol":"5","page":123},{"text":"جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلَمّا قَضَى حاجَتَه قامَ إلى ناحيَةِ المسجِدِ فبالَ، فصاحَ به أصحابُ النبىِّ -ﷺ-. قال: فكَفَّهُم عنه، ثم أمَرَ بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصَبَّه على بَولِهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: بالَ أعرابِىٌّ فى المَسجِدِ، فعَجِلَ النّاسُ إلَيه، فنَهاهُمُ النبىُّ -ﷺوقالَ: \"صُبُّوا عليه دَلوًا مِن ماءٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٢٩٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَطيبُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنى سُفيانُ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبيد، حدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعَمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا حامِدُ بنُ عمرَ (^٥) البَكراوِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ عَبْدَةَ الضَّبِّىُّ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٣٢)، والنسائى (٥٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢١)، ومسلم (٢٨٤/ ٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٧٨)، والشافعى ١/ ٥٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨٢)، والترمذى (١٤٨) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) الحميدى (١١٩٦).\n(^٥) فى م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٢٤.","vol":"5","page":124},{"text":"حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنسٍ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا بالَ فى المَسجِدِ، فوَثَبَ إلَيه بَعضُ القَومِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُزرِموه\" (^١). ثم دَعا بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصُبَّ عَلَيهِ (^٢). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَجَبِىِّ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن حمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدَّثَنا هَمّامٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه رأَى أعرابيًّا يَبولُ فى المسجِدِ فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"دَعوه\". حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ دَعا بماءٍ فصبَّه عَلَيهِ (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى عن همَّامٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ عن إسحاقَ وقالَ: فأَمَرَ رجلًا مِنَ القَومِ فجاءَ بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيهِ (^٥). وقَد مَضَى مَعناه.\n\n٤٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحسنِ علىُّ ابنُ أحمدَ ابنِ قُرْقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) لا تزرموه: أى: لا تقطعوا بوله عليه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٥٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٦) عن أحمد بن عبدة به. وأحمد (١٣٣٦٨)، والنسائى (٣٢٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٨٤/ ٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٣)، وابن حبان (١٤٠١) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢١٩)، ومسلم (٢٨٥/ ١٠٠).","vol":"5","page":125},{"text":"عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قامَ أعرابِىٌّ فبالَ فى المَسجِدِ، فتَناوَلَه النّاسُ، فقالَ النبىُّﷺ-: \"دَعوه وأهْريقوا على بَولِه سَجْلًا مِن ماءٍ -أو ذَنوبًا مِن ماءٍ- فإِنَّما بُعِثتُم مُيَسِّرينَ ولَم تُبعَثوا مُعَسِّرينَ\" (^١). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، كَذا رواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى قِصَّةِ البَولِ، وعَنِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ عن أبى هريرةَ فى قِصَّةِ الدُّعاءِ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٩٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ قال: أحفَظُ ذَلِكَ مِن كَلامِ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: دَخَلَ أعرابِىٌّ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثم قال: اللهم ارحَمْنِى ومُحَمَّدًا ولا تَرحَمْ معنا أحَدًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَقَد تَحَجَّرتَ واسِعًا (^٣) \". فلَم يَلبَثْ أن بالَ فى المسجِدِ، فعَجِلَ النّاسُ إلَيه، فنَهاهُم عنه وقالَ: \"صُبّوا عليه سَجْلًا مِن ماءٍ -أو ذَنوبًا مِن ماءٍ- فإِنَّما بُعِثتُم مُيَسِّرينَ ولَم تُبعَثوا مُعَسِّرينَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٩٩)، والنسائى (٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٠) فى قصة البول، و(٦٠١٠) فى قصة الدعاء.\n(^٣) أصل الحجر المنع، يقول له: قد ضيقت من رحمة اللَّه ما وسعه ومنعت منها ما أباحه. معالم السنن ١/ ١١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٥)، وأبو داود (٣٨٠)، والترمذى (١٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨) من طريق سفيان به. وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨) من طريق الزهرى به. ورواية ابن خزيمة مختصرة بذكر قصة البول.","vol":"5","page":126},{"text":"قال: وحَدَّثَنا به سُفيانُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى فقالَ: قالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^١).\n\n٤٢٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، حدَّثَنا الزُّهرِىُّ كما أقولُ لَكَ لا يُحتاجُ فيه إلى أحَدٍ قالَ: أخبرَنِى سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىُّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا جَريرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حازِمٍ قالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ قالَ: صَلَّى أعرابِىٌّ مَعَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-. بهَذِه القِصَّةِ، قالَ فيه: وقالَ، يَعنِى النبىَّ -ﷺ-: \"خُذوا ما بالَ عليه مِنَ التُّرابِ وألقوه وأَهْريقوا على مَكانِه ماءً\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: هو مُرسَلٌ، ابنُ مَعقِل لم يُدرِكِ النبىَّ -ﷺ-.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- (^٤)، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ، وقَد تكَلَّمْنا عليه فى \"الخلافيات\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٢١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨) من طريق سفيان به. ورواية ابن خزيمة مختصرة كما سيق.\n(^٢) الحميدى (٩٣٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨١)، والمراسيل (١١)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٣٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ١٣٢.","vol":"5","page":127},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-934>بابُ مَن قال بطُهورِ الأرضِ إذا يَبِسَت</span>\nورُوينا عن أبى قِلابَةَ، وهو مِنَ التّابِعينَ، أنَّه قال: ذَكاةُ الأرضِ يَبَسُها (^١).\n\n٤٣٠٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا العَباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بن شَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حمزة بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: كانَتِ الكِلابُ تَبولُ وتُقبِلُ بالمسجِدِ أيّامَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- فلَم يَكونوا يُغَيروا (^٢) مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا (^٣).\n\n٤٣٠١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، قال: وأَخبَرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حدَّثَنى حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عمرَ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ وهو فى المَسجِدِ بأَعلَى صَوتِه: اجتَنِبوا اللَّغوَ فى المسجِدِ. قال ابنُ عمرَ: وكُنتُ أبيتُ فى المَسجِدِ فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكُنتُ فتًى شابًا عَزَبًا، وكانَتِ الكِلابُ تَبولُ وتُقبِلُ وتُدبِرُ فى المَسجِدِ، فلَم يَكونوا يَرُشّونَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦٣٠).\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ بحذف النون، وهى لغة، قال الإِمام النووى: وهى لغة معروفة صحيحة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٢/ ٣٦.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١١٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٢)، وابن حبان (١٦٥٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن خزيمة (٣٠٠) من طريق يونس به. وعند أبى داود وابن حبان بدون ذكر أثر عمر. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٨).","vol":"5","page":128},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ: حدَّثَنى أبى. فذكَر الحديثَ المُسنَدَ مُختَصرًا، وقالَ فى لَفظِ الحديثِ: فلَم يَكونوا يَرُشّونَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ (^١). ولَيسَ فى بَعضِ النُّسَخِ عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ البُخارِىِّ كَلِمَةُ البَولِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ قالَ: قال أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ فى مَعنَى الخَبَرِ: إنَّ المَسجِدَ لم يَكُنْ يُغلَقُ عَلَيها، وكانَت تتَرَدَّدُ فيه الكلابُ، وعَساها كانَت تَبولُ، إلا أنَّ عِلمَ بَولِها فيه لم يَكُنْ عندَ النبىِّ -ﷺ- وأَصحابِه ولا عندَ الرّاوِى أىُّ مَوضِعٍ هو، ومِن حَيثُ أمَرَ فى بَولِ الأعرابِىِّ بما أمَرَ دَلَّ ذَلِكَ على أنَّ بَولَ ما سِواه فى حُكمِ النَّجاسَةِ واحِدٌ، وإِنِ اختَلَفَ غِلَظُ نَجاسَتِها.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوّينا فى حَديثِ مَيمونَةَ فى قِصَّةِ جِروِ الكَلبِ: فأَمَرَ به النبىُّ -ﷺ- فأُخرِجَ ثم أخَذَ بيَدِه ماءً فنَضحَ به مَكانَه. ورُوّينا عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- فى غَسْلِ الإناءِ مِن وُلوغِه بعَدَدٍ، وإِراقَةِ الماءِ الذى ولَغَ فيه الكَلبُ (^٣)، وفى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على نَجاسَتِهِ.\n\n٤٣٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ السَّبّاقِ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: حَدَّثَتنِى مَيمونَةُ زَوجُ النبىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أصبَحَ يَومًا واجِمًا فقالَت له مَيمونَةُ: أىْ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٧٤).\n(^٢) ينظر فتح البارى ١/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٥٩).","vol":"5","page":129},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدِ استَنكَرتُ هَيئَتَكَ مُنذُ اليَومِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ جبريلَ كان وعَدَنِى أن يَلقانِى اللَّيلَةَ فلَم يَلقَنِى، أما واللَّه ما أخلَفَنِى\". قالَت: فظَلَّ يَومَه كَذَلِكَ، ثم وقَعَ فى نَفسِه جِروُ كَلبٍ تَحتَ نَضَدٍ (^١) لَنا، فأَمَرَ به فأُخرجَ، ثم أخَذَ بيَدِه ماءً فنَضَحَ به مَكانَه، فلمَّا أمسَى لَقيَه جِبريلُ ﵇، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد كُنتَ وعَدتَنى أن تَلقانِى البارحَة\". قال: أجَل ولَكِنّا لا نَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا صورَةٌ. قال: فأَصبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَمَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَومِ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ، حَتَّى إنَّه لَيأمُرُ بقَتلِ كَلبِ الحائطِ الصَّغيرِ ويَترُكُ كَلبَ الحائطِ الكَبيرِ (^٢). قَد أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣).\nوفيه إثباتُ نَضحِ مَكانِ الكَلبِ بالماءِ، وفيه وفيما مَضَى مِن كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ فى غَسلِ الإناء مِن وُلوغِه وِإراقَةِ الماءِ الذى ولَغَ فيه (^٤) دَليلٌ على نَجاسَتِه، وعَلَى نَسخِ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ فى الكَلبِ إن كان يُخالِفُه، مَعَ أنَّه يَحتَمِلُ ما ذكَره الإسماعيلىُّ وغَيرُه، فلا يكونُ مُخالِفًا له، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-935>بابُ طَهارَةِ الخُفِّ والنَّعْلِ</span>\n\n٤٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وإِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) النضد، بالتحريك: السرير، وأصل النضد ما نُضد من الثياب بعضه على بعض. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٣٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٤٢٩٤) عن محمد بن خالد بن خلى به. وتقدم فى (١١٦٥) من طريق الزهرى.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٠٥).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٥٩/ ١١٥٥ - ١١٦٤).","vol":"5","page":130},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: أُنبِئتُ أنَّ سَعيدَ بنَ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىَّ حَدَّثَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وَطِئَ أحَدُكُم بنَعلَيه فى (^١) الأذَى، فإِن التُّرابَ لَهما طَهورٌ\" (^٢). وفى حَديثِ السُّوسِىِّ: \"بنَعلِه\".\n\n٤٣٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ (^٣) وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مَخلَدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ قالا: حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدَّثَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وطئَ أحَدُكُم بنَعلَيه (^٤) فى الأذَى، فإِنَّ التُّرابَ لهما (^٥) طَهورٌ\" (^٦). رواه أبو داودَ فى كِتاب \"السنن\" عن أحمدَ (^٧) بنِ إبراهيمَ عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: \"بخُفَّيه\" (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"من\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٥) عن العباس بن الوليد به. وابن حبان (١٤٠٣) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"البزار\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى المستدرك، وينظر ترجمته فى تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٢٩٩، وتاريخ دمشق ٥/ ١١، والأنساب ٤/ ٢٠٩ رسم العطشى، ومختصر تاريخ دمشق ٣/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٢: \"بنعله\".\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٢: \"له\"\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ١٦٦، وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٢)، وابن حبان (١٤٠٤) من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٧) فى النسخ: \"محمد\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما فى مصدر التخريج، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٨) أبو داود (٣٨٦). وصححه الألبانى والذى بعده فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٢، ٣٧٣).","vol":"5","page":131},{"text":"٤٣٠٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عائدٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ حمزة، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أيضًا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمَعناه (^١).\n\n٤٣٠٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو نَعامَةَ السَّعدِىُّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدِرىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَما هو يُصَلِّى بأَصحابِه إذ خَلَعَ نَعلَيه فوَضَعَهُما عن يَسارِه، فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ أصحابُه خَلَعوا نِعالَهم، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"ما لَكُم خَلَعتُم نِعالَكُم؟ \". قالوا: رأيناكَ خَلَعتَ فخَلَعْنا. قال: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ أخبرَنِى أن بهِما قَذَرًا\" فقالَ: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم إلى الصَّلاةِ فليَنظُرْ إلى نَعلَيه، فإِن كان فيهِما أذًى -أو قال: قَذَرًا (^٢) - فليُمِطْه وليُصَلِّ فيهِما\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى نَعامَةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وقالَ فيه: \"إذا جاءَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٧).\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ، وفى المهذب ٢/ ٨٥٨: \"قذرٌ\". وهو الصواب.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٤١٤٤) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"5","page":132},{"text":"أحَدُكُم إلى المَسجَدِ فليَنظُرْ، فإِن رأى فى نَعلَيه قَذَرًا أو أذًى فليَمسَحْه وليُصَلِّ فيهِما\" (^١).\n\n٤٣٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وقالَ فى الموضعَينِ: \"قَذَرًا\". أو قال: \"أذًى\". وقالَ: \"فليَمسَحْه وليُصَلِّ فيهِما\" (^٢).\n\n٤٣٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدَّثَنا أبانٌ، حدَّثَنا قَتادَةُ، أخبرَنِى بَكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- بهَذا، وقالَ فى المَوضِعَينِ: \"خَبَثًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-936>بابُ سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ فى النَّعلَيِن</span>\n\n٤٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو مَسلَمَةَ سَعيدُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ: أكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فى نَعلَيهِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٢٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٢٨)، وأبو داود (٦٥٠). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٠٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٣٠)، وأبو داود (٦٥١). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٥٨: هذا مرسل.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٢٨٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠١٠) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (١١٩٧٦)، والبخارى (٥٨٥٠)، ومسلم (٥٥٥/ ٦٠)، والترمذى (٤٠٠)، والنسائى (٧٧٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٨٦).","vol":"5","page":133},{"text":"٤٣١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدَّثَنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَسلَمَةَ سَعيدُ بنُ يَزيدَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ. رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n٤٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو بَدرٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ خَيثَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى حافيًا ومُتَنَعِّلًا (^٢)، ويَشرَبُ قاعِدًا وقائمًا، ويَنصَرِفُ عن يَمينِه وعَن شِمالِه، لا يُبالى أىَّ ذَلِكَ كانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدَّثَنا حُسَينٌ (^٤) المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى حافيًا ومتنعِّلًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٥٥).\n(^٢) فى الشعب: \"منتعلا\". وينظر ما سيأتى.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٩٨٦). وقال الذهبى: هذا غريب.\n(^٤) فى م: \"الحسن بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٥) فى سنن أبى داود: \"منتعلا\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٦٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٠٣٨) من طريق حسين المعلم به. وأحمد (٦٦٦٠) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. قال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٠٨): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":134},{"text":"ورُوّيناه فيما مَضَى فى حَديثِ أبى الأوبَرِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٤٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدَّثَنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن هِلالِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الرَّملِىِّ، عن يَعلَى بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خالِفوا اليَهودَ، فإِنَّهُم لا يُصَلّونَ فى خِفافِهِم ولا نِعالِهِم\" (^٢). رواه أبو داودَ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-937>بابُ المُصَلِّى إذا خَلَعَ نَعلَيه أينَ يَضَعُهُما</span>؟\n\n٤٣١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ (^٤)، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ ابنِ سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ قال: حَضَرتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الفَتحِ، فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ فخَلَعَ نَعلَيه فوَضَعَهُما عن يَسارِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٦٥٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٦٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٨٦) من طريق مروان به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٦٥٢).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"البزار\". وتقدم فى (٢٠٦٨، ٣٤٠١، ٣٧٠٠).\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٩، وقال: هذا حديث يعرف بمحمد بن عباد بن جعفر أخرجته شاهدًا، ولم يخرجاه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠١٥) من طريق عثمان به. وأحمد (١٥٣٩٢)، وأبو داود (٦٤٨)، وابن ماجه (١٤٣١)، والنسائى (٧٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠١٤)، وابن حبان (٢١٨٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦٠٣).","vol":"5","page":135},{"text":"٤٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ رُستُمٍ أبو عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فلا يَضَعْ نَعلَيه عن يَمِينِه، ولا عن يَسارِه فيَكونَ عن يَمينِ غَيرِه، إلا ألا يَكونَ عن يَسارِه أحَدٌ، وليضَعْهُما بَينَ رِجلَيه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ فى الإسنادِ والمَتنِ.\n\n٤٣١٧ - أخبرنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ ابنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ (^٢)، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المقبُرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فخَلَعَ نَعلَيه فلا يُؤذِ بهِما أحَدًا، وليَجعَلْهُما ما بَينَ رِجلَيه، أو ليصَلِّ فيهِما\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٩، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأبو داود (٦٥٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠١٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٨٨) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"المقرئ\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٦٢. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٨٢) من طريق بشر بن بكر به. وأبو داود (٦٥٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وابن ماجه (١٤٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٠٩)، وابن حبان (٢١٨٣) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٦١٠).","vol":"5","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-938>بابُ السُّنَّةِ فى لُبسِ النَّعلَيِن وخَلعِهِما</span>\n\n٤٣١٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمد بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا انتَعَلَ أحَدُكُم فليَبدأْ باليُمنَى، وإِذا نَزَعَ فليَبدأْ بالشمالِ، ولتَكُنِ اليُمنَى أوَّلَهما تُنْعَلُ (^١) وآخِرَهُما تُنْزَعُ (^٢) \".\n\n٤٣١٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَمشيَنَّ أحَدُكُم فى نَعلٍ واحِدَة، ليُنعِلْهُما أو ليَخْلَعْهما جَميعًا\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأخرَجَ مسلمٌ الحديثَ الثّانِىَ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ، والحديثَ الأولَ مِن رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-939>بابٌ: أينَما أدرَكَتكَ الصَّلاةُ فصَلِّ، فهوَ مَسجِدٌ</span>\nوفى ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أن أصلَ الأرضِ على الطَّهارَةِ ما لم تُعلَمْ نَجاسَةٌ.\n\n٤٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"تنعلا\"\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"تنزعا\".\nوالحديث عند مالك ٢/ ٩١٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٠٠٣)، والترمذى (١٧٧٩)، وابن حبان (٥٤٥٥)، وأخرجه أبو داود (٤١٣٩) عن القعنبى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩١٦، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٧٧٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤١٣٦) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٨٥٥، ٥٨٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٩٧/ ٦٧، ٦٨).","vol":"5","page":137},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ قالا: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُّ مَسجِدٍ وُضِعَ فى الأرضِ أوَّلُ؟ قال: \"المَسجِدُ الحَرامُ\". قال: قُلتُ: ثم أىٌّ؟ قال: \"ثم المَسجِدُ الأقصَى\". قال: قُلتُ: كَم بَينَهُما؟ قال: \"أربَعونَ سنةً، فأينَما أدرَكَتكَ الصَّلاةُ فصَلِّ، فهوَ مَسجِدٌ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمد المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا سَيّارٌ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ الفَقيرُ، حدَّثَنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أُعطيتُ خَمسًا لم يُعطَهُنَّ أحَدٌ قبلِى، نُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ مَسيرَةَ شَهرٍ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغَنائمُ ولَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قبلِى، وجُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، فأيما رجلٍ مِن أُمَّتِى أدرَكته الصَّلاةُ فليُصَلِّ، وأُعطيتُ الشَّفاعَةَ، وكُل نَبِىٍّ يبعَثُ إلى قَومِه خاصَّةً، وبُعِثتُ إلى النّاسِ عامَّةً\" (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٢١)، وابن ماجه (٧٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٨٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢١٣٣٣)، والنسائى (٦٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٨٧)، وابن حبان (٦٢٢٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢٠/ ١)، والبخارى (٣٣٦٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٨٣)، وتقدم فى (١٠٣١) من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتى بنفس الإسناد فى (١٧٧٧٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٣٥، ٤٣٨)، ومسلم (٥٢١/ ٣).","vol":"5","page":138},{"text":"٤٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ وسُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ وداوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ قالوا: حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"فُضِّلتُ على الأنبياءِ بسِتٍّ؛ أُعطِيتُ جَوامِعَ الكَلِمِ، ونُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغنائمُ، وجُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، وأُرسِلتُ إلى الخَلقِ كافَّةً، وخُتِمَ بىَ النَّبيّونَ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا سالِمٌ أبو حَمّادٍ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُعطِيتُ خَمسًا لم يُعطَهُن أحَدٌ قبلى مِنَ الأنبياءِ؛ جُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، ولَم يَكُنْ نَبِىٌّ مِنَ الأنبياءِ يُصَلِّى حَتَّى يَبلُغَ محرابَه، وأُعطيتُ الرُّعبَ مَسيرَةَ شَهرٍ؛ يَكونُ بَينِى وبَينَ المُشرِكينَ مَسيرَةُ شَهرٍ فيقذِفُ اللَّهُ الرُّعبَ فى قُلوبهِم، وكانَ النبىُّ يبعَثُ إلى خاصَّةِ قَومِه، وبُعِثتُ أنا إلى الجِنِّ والإِنسِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٢٨٤)، والدلائل ٥/ ٤٧٢. وأخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٥٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٦٧)، وابن حبان (٢٣١٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٩٣٣٧) من طريق العلاء به. وسيأتى فى (١٧٧٧٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢٣/ ٥).","vol":"5","page":139},{"text":"وكانَتِ الأنبياءُ يَعزِلونَ الخُمُسَ فتَجِئُ النّارُ فتأكُلُه، وأُمِرتُ أنا أن أقسِمَها فى فُقَراءِ أُمَّتِى، ولَم يَبقَ نَبِىٌّ إلا أُعطِىَ سُؤْلَه، وأخَّرْتُ شَفاعَتِى لأُمَّتِى\" (^١).\n\n٤٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ سليمانُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ السِّنجِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"فُضَّلتُ بأربَع؛ جُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، فأيُّما رجل مِن أُمَّتِى أتَى الصَّلاةَ فلَم يَجِدْ ما يُصَلِّى عليه وجَدَ الأرضَ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، وأُرسِلتُ إلى النّاسِ كافَّةً، ونُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ مِن مَسيرَةِ شهرَينِ يَسيرُ بَينَ يَدَىَّ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغَنائمُ\" (^٢).\nورُوّيناه فى حَديثِ جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَبِى هريرةَ -﵁- عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-940>بابُ ما جاءَ فى طينِ المطَرِ فى الطَّريقِ</span>\n\n٤٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا عَبّاسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ. وأَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنِ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٧٣، ٤٧٤. وأخرجه البزار (٤٧٧٦) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦١: سالم مجهول. قاله أبو حاتم.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٠٣٣، ١٠٧٢)، وفيه: \"مسيرة شهر\".\n(^٣) تقدم حديث جابر فى (١٠٣١، ٤٣٢١)، وسيأتى فى (١٧٧٧٤)، وتقدم حديث أبى هريرة فى (٤٣٢٢).","vol":"5","page":140},{"text":"حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدَّثَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن امرأةٍ مِن بنى عبدِ الأشهَلِ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ بَينى وبَينَ المَسجِدِ طَريقًا مُنتِنَةً، فكَيفَ نَفعَلُ إذا مُطِرنا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألَيسَ بَعدَها طَريقٌ هِىَ أطيَبُ مِنها؟ \". قُلتُ: بَلَى. فقالَ: \"هَذِه بهَذِه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى خَليفَةَ (^١).\n\n٤٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا قَيسُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ القَعقاعِ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ النُّعمانِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ العَلاءِ -قال هِشامٌ: وهو أخو أبى عمرِو ابنِ العَلاءِ- عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أقبَلتُ مَعَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- إلى الجُمُعَةِ وهو ماشٍ. قال: فحالَ بَينَه وبَينَ المَسجِدِ حَوضٌ مِن ماءٍ وطينٍ، فخَلَعَ نَعلَيه وسَراويلَه. قال: قُلتُ: هاتِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أحمِلُه عَنكَ. قال: لا. فخاضَ فلَمّا جاوَزَ لَبِسَ سَراويلَه ونَعلَيه، ثم صَلَّى بالنّاسِ ولَم يَغسِلْ رِجلَيهِ. مُعاذُ بنُ العَلاءِ هو ابنُ عَمّارٍ أبو غَسّانَ.\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَلِىٍّ (^٢). ورُوينا عن الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ ومُجاهِدٍ وجَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ فى مَعناه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٥٢)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٢٧٤٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٥٣٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن عيسى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٦)، وسحنون فى المدونة ١/ ٢٠، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٧٣٨، ٧٣٩) من طرق عن على.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٥، ٢٠٤٨)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٧٤١).","vol":"5","page":141},{"text":"٤٣٢٧ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: أتَوَضّأُ ثم أمشِى إلى المسجِدِ حافيًا؟ فقال: لا بأسَ بهِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٢٨ - أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن منصورٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ، أنَّ أبا عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىَّ كان إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ وكانَ رَدْغٌ (^٢) حَمَلَ معه كوزًا مِن ماءٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَ المَسجِدَ غَسَلَ قَدَمَيه ثم دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ.\nورُوينا عن عَطاءٍ (^٣) ومَكحولٍ وجَماعَةٍ فى مَعناه، وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-941>بابُ ما جاءَ فى النَّهى عن الصَّلاةِ فى المقبَرَةِ والحَمّامِ</span>\n\n٤٣٢٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ [أحمدُ بنُ] (^٤) محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عمرِو ابنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه. وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر (٧٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن وثاب عن ابن عباس بنحوه.\n(^٢) ردغ: طين كثير. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٣) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر عقب (٧٤١).\n(^٤) سقط من: س، م، وتقدم فى (٨٢٠، ١٧٣٠، ١٨٣٥، ٢٢١٣).\n(^٥) فى س: \"وعن\".","vol":"5","page":142},{"text":"أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجِدٌ إلا المَقبَرَةَ والحَمّامَ\" (^١).\nحَديثُ الثَّورِىِّ مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِى مَوصولًا وليس بشَئٍ، وحَديثُ حَمّادِ ابنِ سلمةَ مَوصولٌ، وقَد تابَعَه على وصلِه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ والدَّراوَردِىُّ.\nأمّا حَديثُ عبدِ الواحِدِ:\n\n٤٣٣٠ - فأَخبَرناه أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالا: حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى الأنصارِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجِدٌ إلا الحمّامَ والمقبَرَةَ\" (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ الدَّراوَردِىِّ:\n\n٤٣٣١ - فأَخبَرناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٤٥) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وأحمد (١١٧٨٨) عن يزيد به. وأبو داود (٤٩٢) من طريق حماد به موصولا. وأحمد (١١٧٨٤) من طريق عمرو به موصولا. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٢) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١١٩١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩١)، وابن حبان (٢٣١٦) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به.","vol":"5","page":143},{"text":"سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجِدٌ إلا الحمّامَ والمقبَرَةَ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٤٣٣٢ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرنا أبو المُثَنَى، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّد، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدَّثَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأرضُ كُلُّها مَسجدٌ إلا الحمّامَ والمقبَرَةَ\" (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ فى كَراهيَةِ الصَّلاةِ فى المَقابِرِ بالحَديثِ الثابِتِ عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اجعَلوا مِن صَلاتِكُم فى بُيوتِكُم، ولا تَتَّخِذوها قُبورًا\" (^٣). وبالحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى، اتَّخَذوا قُبورَ أنبيائِهِم مَساجِدَ\" (^٤). يُحذِّرُ مِثلَ ما صَنَعوه. والحَديثانِ مُخَرَّجانِ فى مَوضِعِهِما.\nورُوينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أن يُصَلِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى الحَمّامِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩١) من طريق عبد العزيز به، وقال الترمذى: هذا الحديث فيه اضطراب، وكان رواية الثورى عن عمرو عن أبيه عن النبى -ﷺ- أثبت وأصح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٩٢) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٠٨١).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (٧٢٩٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٦٥١).","vol":"5","page":144},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-942>بابُ النَّهى عن الصَّلاةِ إلى القُبورِ</span>\n\n٤٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصفهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ يَزيدَ ابنِ جابِرٍ قال: حدَّثَنى بُسرُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى أبو إدريسَ الخَولانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ يقولُ: حدَّثَنى أبو مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَجلِسوا على القُبورِ ولا تُصَلّوا إلَيها\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدَّثَنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدَّثَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قُمتُ يَومًا أُصَلِّى وبَينَ يَدَىَّ قَبرٌ لا أشعُرُ به، فنادانِى عُمَرُ: القَبرَ القَبرَ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّه يَعنى القَمَرَ، فقالَ لِى بَعضُ مَن يَلينِى: إنَّما يَعنِى القَبرَ. فتَنَحَّيتُ عَنه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٢١. وأخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٠٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٤) من طريق ابن مهدى به. وأحمد (١٧٢١٦)، والترمذى (١٠٥٠)، وابن حبان (٢٣٢٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وسيأتى فى (٧٢٩٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨/ ٩٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حجر فى تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٢٣٠ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به.","vol":"5","page":145},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن أبى ظَبيانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يُصَلِّىَ إلى حَشٍّ (^١) أو حَمّامٍ أو قَبرٍ (^٢).\nوكُلُّ ذَلِكَ على وجهِ الكَراهيَةِ إذا لم يَعلَمْ فى المَوضِعِ الذى يصيبُه ببَدَنِه وثيابِه نَجاسَةً؛ لما رُوّينا فى الحديثِ الثابِتِ عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"جُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ طَيبَةً طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، وأيمُّا رجل أدرَكَته الصَّلاةُ صَلَّى حَيثُ كان\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣٣٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغداد، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عِمران، حدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِنافِع: أكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يَكرَهُ أن يُصَلِّىَ وسَطَ القُبورِ؟ قال: لَقَد صَلَّينا على عائشةَ وأُمَّ سلمةَ -﵄- وسَطَ البَقيعِ والإمامُ يَومَ صَلَّينا على عائشةَ -﵂- أبو هريرةَ -﵁-، وحَضرَ ذَلِكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-943>بابُ مَن بَسَطَ شَيئًا فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٤٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) قال الفيومى: الحش البستان، والفتح أكثر من الضم، وقال أبو حاتم: يقال بستان النخل: حش والجمع حُشّان وحِشان، فقولهم: بيت الحش. مجاز؛ لأن العرب كانوا يقضون حوائجهم فى البساتين، فلما اتخذوا الكنف وجعلوها خلفا عنها أطلقوا عليها ذلك الاسم. المصباح المنير ص ٥٣ (ح ش ش).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٨٥)، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٧٦١) من طريق أبى ظبيان به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٠٣١ - ١٠٣٣، ١٠٧٣، ٣٨٥٠، ٤٣٢١ - ٤٣٢٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٣٠٥١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٩٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"5","page":146},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِث، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أحسَنَ النّاسِ خُلُقًا، فربما تَحضُرُه الصَّلاةُ وهو فى بَيتِنا، فيأمُرُ بالبِساطِ الذى تَحتَه فيُكنَسُ، ثم يُنضَحُ، ثم يَقومُ فنَقومُ خَلفَه، فيُصَلِّى بنا. قال: وكانَ بِساطُهُم مِن جَريدِ النَّخلِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ على الوَرّاقُ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ بَيتًا فيه فحلٌ (^٣)، فكَسَحَ ناحيَةً مِنه ورَشَّ، وصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عائشةَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ على أُمِّ حَرامٍ، فأُتِىَ بسَمنٍ وتَمرٍ فقالَ: \"رُدّوا هذا فى وِعائِه، وهَذا فى سِقائِه، فإِنِّى صائمٌ\". ثم قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ تَطَوُّعًا، فقامَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ وأُمُّ حَرامٍ خَلفَنا. قال ثابِتٌ: ولا أعلَمُه إلا قال: فأَقامَنِى عن يَمينِه، فصَلَّى بنا على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٦٢٠٣) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٣٢٠٩) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وسيأتى فى (٥٠٥٧) بنفس الإسناد.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٥٩/ ٢٦٧).\n(^٣) الفحل: حصير تنسج من فُحّال النخل أى من خوصه. التاج ٣٠/ ١٥٢ (ف ح ل).\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٢: سنده قوى.","vol":"5","page":147},{"text":"بِساطِه تَطَوُّعًا تَشَكُّرًا (^١). وذكَر باقِىَ الحديث (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فى صَلاتِه على الخُمرَةِ، وعَلَى الحَصيرِ، وعَلَى الفَروَةِ المَدبوغَةِ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُقاتِلَ بنَ بَشيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن صَلاةِ النبىِّ -ﷺ-. فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال: وقالَت: أذكُرُ أنِّى رأيتُه صَلَّى فى يَوم مَطيرٍ ألقَينا تَحتَه بَتًّا فيه خَرْقٌ، فجَعَلَ الماءُ يَنبُعُ مِنه (^٤).\nورواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن مالِكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: فبَسَطنا تَحتَه بَتًّا (^٥)، يَعنِى نِطَعًا. ولَم يَقُلْ: عن أبيهِ (^٦).\n\n٤٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ فى حَديثِ عمرَ -﵁- أنَّه كان\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"شكرًا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٩٤)، وأبو داود (٦٠٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٧) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٥٦٨).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٤٢٤٨، ٤٢٥١ - ٤٢٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠٥) من طريق مالك به وعنده: \"مقاتل عن شريح\". وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٤: إسناده صالح. وسيأتى فى (٤٥٦٨).\n(^٥) البت: الكساء الغيظ. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥٨٢.\n(^٦) ابن المبارك فى مسنده (٦٧)، وفى الزهد (١٢٧٢).","vol":"5","page":148},{"text":"يَسجُدُ على عَبقَرِىٍّ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمّارٍ، أنَّه رأَى عمرَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^١). قالَ يَحيَى: هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى عَمّارٍ. ولَكِن سُفيانُ قال: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عَمّارٍ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: عَبقَرِىٌّ: هو هَذِه البُسُطُ الَّتِى فيها الأصباغُ والنُّقوشُ، واحِدُها عَبقَريَّةٌ، وإِنَّما سُمِّىَ عَبقَريًّا فيما يُقالُ: إنَّه نِسبَةٌ إلى بلادٍ يُقالُ لها (^٢): عَبقَرٌ. يُعمَلُ بها الوَشىُ.\n\n٤٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا ابنُ عباسٍ على طِنفِسَةٍ قَد طَبَّقَتِ البَيتَ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّار، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الوَرّاقُ، حدَّثَنا عامِرُ بنُ أبى الحسينِ، حدَّثَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٠٠، ٤٠١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٠٦٦)، وابن المنذر (٢٤٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"له\". والمثبت من الغريب لأبى عبيد، وفى المهذب ٢/ ٨٦٤: \"بلد يقال له عبقر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٠٦٤) من طريق الأعمش به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٦٨ من طريق سعيد به.\nوالطنفسة بكسر الطاء والفاء وبضمهما، وبكسر الطاء وفتح الفاء: البساط الذى له خمل رقيق، وجمعه طنافس. النهاية ٣/ ١٤٠. وطبّقت البيت: يعنى عمته وغطته. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٥٥ (ط ب ق).","vol":"5","page":149},{"text":"صَلَّى بنا ابنُ عباسٍ على دُرنوكٍ (^١) قَد طَبَّقَ البَيتَ يَركَعُ ويَسجُدُ عليه، فقُلتُ: أتُصَلِّى على هَذا؟ قال: نَعَم رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى عليه ويَسجُدُ.\n\n٤٣٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ العَدلُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ الواسِطىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدَّثَنا زَمعَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ وهرامَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه صَلَّى على بِساطٍ ثم قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على بِساطٍ (^٢).\nولِزَمعَةَ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ:\n\n٤٣٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ يَحيَى القاضِى الزُّهرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدَّثَنا زَمعَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه صَلَّى بالبَصرَةِ على بِساطٍ، وزَعَمَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على بِساطٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"دربوك\". والدرنوك: الطنفسة، وفى رواية: \"درموك\". ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١١٥، والتاج ٢٧/ ١٤٦ (درمك).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٥٩ وصححه وتعقبه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٠٥) من طريق زمعة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٢٠٦) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٢٠٦١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٣٠) من طريق زمعة بدون ذكر كريب، ووقع عند الطبرانى: عن كريب أو عن أبى معبد. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٨٤٤).","vol":"5","page":150},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ هو البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى سَوْدَةَ، عن خُلَيدٍ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: ما أُبالِى لَو صَلَّيتُ على خَمسِ طَنافِسَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-944>بابٌ فى فضلِ بناءِ المَساجِد</span>\n\n٤٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، أنَّ بُكَيرًا حدَّثه، أنَّ عاصِمَ بنَ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ الخولانِىَّ يَذكُرُ، أنَّه سمِع عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ عندَ قَولِ النّاسِ حينَ بَنَى [مَسجِدًا لرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-] (^٢): إِنَّكُم قَد أكثَرتُم، وإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن بَنَى مَسجِدًا\" -قال بُكَيرٌ: حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: \"يَبتَغِى به وجه اللَّهِ\"- \"بَنَى اللَّهِ له بَيتًا مِثلَه فى الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٩٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٧/ ٢٦ من دون ذكر أبى الدرداء. والدارقطنى فى المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ٨٧٩ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) فى البخارى، ومسلم، والمهذب ٢/ ٨٦٥: \"مسجد الرسول\"، وهو موافق لما سيأتى فى (١٢٠٥٤).\nوقال ابن حجر: ولم يبن عثمان المسجد إنشاء، وإنما وسعه وشيده. . . فيؤخذ منه إطلاق البناء فى حق من جدد كما يطلق فى حق من أنشأ، أو المراد بالمسجد هنا بعض المسجد من إطلاق الكل على البعض. فتح البارى ١/ ٥٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٦٠٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتى فى (١٢٠٥٤) من طريق ابن وهب.","vol":"5","page":151},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى (^١).\n\n٤٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَحمودِ ابنِ لَبيدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن بَنَى للَّهِ مَسجِدًا بَنَى اللَّهِ بيتًا له مِثلَه فى الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِه عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدَّثَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: \"مَن بَنَى للَّهِ ﷿ مَسجِدًا ولَو مَفحَصَ قَطاةٍ (^٤) بَنَى اللَّهِ له بَيتًا فى الجَنَّةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٥٠)، ومسلم (٥٣٣/ ٢٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٦) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (٤٣٤)، والترمذى (٣١٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٩١) من طريق عبد الحميد به. وسيأتى فى (١٢٠٥٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٣٣/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) المفحص: الموضع الذى تجثم فيه القطاة -وهى طائر كالحمامة، أو هو من الحمام- وتبيض، كأنها تفحص عنه التراب، أى: تكشفه، والفحص: البحث والكشف. النهاية ٣/ ٤١٥. وقال ابن حجر: حمله أكثر أهل العلم على المبالغة؛ لأن المكان الذى تفحص القطاة عنه لتضع فيه بيضها وترقد عليه لا يكفى مقداره للصلاة فيه. فتح البارى ١/ ٤٤٥. وينظر حياة الحيوان ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"5","page":152},{"text":"٤٣٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا العَباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، التَّيمِىِّ، [عن أبيه] (^١)، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن بَنَى للَّهِ مَسجِدًا ولَو مِثلَ مَفحَصِ قَطاةٍ بَنَى اللَّهِ له بَيتًا فى الجَنَّةِ\". قال العَبّاسُ: قال أحمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ: قيلَ لأبِى بكرِ ابنِ عيَّاشٍ: إنَّ النّاسَ يُخالِفونَكَ فى هذا الحديثِ لا يَرفَعونَه. فقالَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ: سَمِعنا هذا مِنَ الأعمَشِ والأعمشُ شابٌّ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدَّثَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّرامِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ آدَمَ، حدَّثَنا قُطبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، فذكَره مَرفوعًا: \"مَن بَنَى مَسجِدًا، وإِن كان مِثلَ مَفحَصِ قَطاةٍ، بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا فى الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٢٨٧ من طريق العباس به. والبزار (٤٠١٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٥٥٠) من طريق أحمد به. والطبرانى فى الصغير ٢/ ١٢٠ من طريق الأعمش به، وقال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٧: رواه البزار والطبرانى فى الصغير، ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الصغير ٢/ ١٣٨ من طريق على بن المدينى به. وابن حبان (١٦١٠) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٥: إسناده جيد.","vol":"5","page":153},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن شَريكٍ وجَريرِ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن الأعمَشِ مَرفوعًا (^١)، ورُوِى عن الحَكَمِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ شَريكٍ عن أبى ذَرٍّ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-945>بابٌ فى كَيفيَّةِ بناءِ المَساجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ القَطيعِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حدَّثَنى أبى، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدَّثَنا أبى، عن صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنا نافِعٌ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ -﵁- أخبرَه، أنَّ المسجِدَ كان على عَهدِ رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَبنيًّا باللَّبِنِ، وسَقفُه الجَريدُ، وعُمُدُه خَشَبُ عَسيبِ النَخلِ، فلَم يَزِدْ فيه أبو بكرٍ شَيئًا، وزادَ فيه عُمَرُ وبَناه على بنائِه فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- باللَّبِنِ والجَريدِ، وأَعادَ عُمُدَه خَشَبًا، ثم غَيَّرَه عثمانُ فزادَ فيه زيادَةً كَثيرَةً، وبَنَى جِدارَه بالحِجارِةِ المَنقوشَةِ والقَصةِ (^٣)، وجَعَلَ عُمُدَه مِن حِجارَةِ مَنقوشَةٍ وسَقَفَه بالسّاجِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٥٥١) من طريق شريك به. وإسحاق بن راهويه، كما فى إتحاف الخيرة (١٣٥٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع، كما فى إتحاف الخيرة (١٣٦٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (١٥٥٢) من طريق الحكم عن يزيد عن أبى ذر موقوفًا. وينظر العلل لابن أبى حاتم (٢٦١)، وعلل الدارقطنى ٦/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٣) القَصَّة: الجص بلغة أهل الحجاز. وقال الخطابى: تشبه الجص وليست به. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) الساج: نوع من الخشب معروف يؤتى به من الهند. فتح البارى ١/ ٥٤٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٦١٣٩)، وأبو داود (٤٥١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٢٤) وابن حبان (١٦٠١) من طريق يعقوب به.","vol":"5","page":154},{"text":"رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن يَعقوبَ (^١).\n\n٤٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ، فنَزَلَ فى عُلوِ المَدينَةِ فى حَىٍّ يُقالُ لَهُم: بَنو عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، فأَقامَ فيهِم أربَعَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً، ثم أرسَلَ إلى بنى النَّجّارِ، فجاءوا مُتَقَلِّدينَ بسُيوفِهِم. قال أنَسٌ: فكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على راحِلَتِه وأبو بكرٍ رِدْفُه، ومَلأُ بنى النَّجّارِ حَولَه، حَتَّى ألقَى بفِناءِ أبى أيّوبَ (^٢)، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى حَيثُ أدرَكَته الصَّلاةُ، ويُصَلِّى فى مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ، وإِنَّه أمَرَ ببِناءِ المَسجِدِ، فأَرسَلَ إلى بنى النَّجّارِ: \"ثامِنونِى بحائطِكُم هذا\". فقالوا: واللَّهِ لا نَطلُبُ ثَمَنَه إلا إلى اللَّهِ. قال أنَسٌ: فكانَ فيه ما أقولُ لَكُم، كانَت فيه قُبورُ المُشرِكينَ، وكانَت فيه خِرَبٌ، وكانَ فيه نَخلٌ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقُبورِ المُشرِكينَ فنُبِشَت، وبِالخِرَبِ فسُوّيَت، وبِالنَّخلِ فقُطِعَ، وصَفّوا النَّخلَ قِبلَةَ المَسجِدِ، وجَعَلوا عِضادَتَيه (^٣) حِجارَةً، وجَعَلوا يَنقُلونَ الصَّخرَ وهُم يَرتَجِزونَ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مَعَهُم ويَقولونَ:\nاللَّهُمَّ لا خَيرَ إلا خَيرُ الآخِرَه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٤٦).\n(^٢) حتى ألقى: أى: حتى ألقى رحله، والمفعول محذوف، يقال: ألقيت الشئ؛ إذا طرحته. والفناء: سعة أمام الدار، والجمع أفنية. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ١٧٢.\n(^٣) العضادتان: مثنى العضادة، وهى الخشبة التى على كتف الباب، ولكل باب عضادتان. فتح البارى ٧/ ٢٦٦.","vol":"5","page":155},{"text":"فانصُرِ الأنصارَ والمُهاجِرَه (^١)\n\n٤٣٥٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ قالا: حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذكَره بنَحوِهِ. رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن خالِه مُسافِعِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن صفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ أُمِّ مَنصورٍ قالَت: أخبَرتْنِى امرأَةٌ مِن بني سُلَيمٍ ولَّدَت عامَّةَ أهلِ دارِنا قالَت: أرسَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- إلى عثمانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ فقالَ: \"إنِّى رأيتُ قَرنَ الكَبشِ حينَ دَخَلتُ البَيتَ، فنَسيتُ أن آمُرَكَ بجَزِّها، فإِنَّه لا يَنبَغِى أن يَكونَ فى البَيتِ ما يَشغَلُ مُصَلّيًا\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ بنِ خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٠٨)، وأبو داود عقب (٤٥٤)، والنسائى (٧٠١)، وابن خزيمة (٧٨٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣٢٨) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأبو داود (٤٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٧٤٢) من طريق أبى التياح به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٨)، ومسلم (٥٢٤/ ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٣٧)، وأبو داود (٢٠٣٠) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٦: إسناده حسن.","vol":"5","page":156},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبى فَزَارَةَ، عن يَزيدَ الأصمِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أُمِرتُ بتَشييدِ المَسجِدِ\". قال ابنُ عباسٍ: لَتُزَخرِفُنَّها كما زَخرَفَتِ اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الرُّوذبارِىِّ، وفى رِوايَةِ أبى سعيدٍ: \"المَساجِدِ\". ولَم يَذكُرِ النَّصارَى.\n\n٤٣٥٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنا عَفّانُ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادٌ، حدَّثَنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَتَباهَى النّاسُ بالمَساجِدِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ سَلّامٍ السَّوّاقُ، حدَّثَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا هُرَيمٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ابنوا المَساجِدَ واتَّخِذوها جُمًّا\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الباشانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٦١٥) من طريق محمد بن الصباح به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٢٠)، وابن حبان (١٦١٣) من طريق عفان به. وأحمد (١٢٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٤٤٩)، والنسائى (٦٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٢٢)، وابن حبان (١٦١٤) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٨) عن أبى غسان به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٧: هذا منقطع. وسيأتى معنى الجم عقب (٤٣٥٩).","vol":"5","page":157},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو حمزة السُّكَّرِىُّ، عن لَيثٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختِيانِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أُمِرتُ بالمَساجِدِ جُمًّا\" (^١).\nوعَن لَيثٍ عن سالِمِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَرْشٌ (^٢) كَعَرْشِ موسَى\". يَعنِى أنَّه كان يَكرَه الطّاقَ فى حَوالَى (^٣) المَسجِدِ.\n\n٤٣٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدَّثَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا بنِ دينارٍ، حدَّثَنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثَنا هُرَيمُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: نَهانا -أو نُهينا- أن نُصَلِّىَ فى مَسجِدٍ مُشرِفٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا علىُّ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ فى حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ: أُمِرنا أن نَبنِىَ المَساجِدَ جُمًّا والمَدائنَ شُرُفًا. قَولُه: جُمًّا: الجُمُّ التى لا شُرُفَ لَها، وكَذَلِكَ البِناءُ إذا لم يَكُنْ له شُرُفٌ فهوَ أجَمٌّ وجَمعُه جُمٌّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢١٠٧ من طريق على بن الحسن بن شقيق به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"الناس\". والعرش: الخيمة من خشب وثمام -وهو نوع من العشب- والبيت الذى يستظل به. التاج ١٧/ ٢٥٢ (ع ر ش). وجاء فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥١٣٥): أن أبى بن كعب وأبا الدرداء ذرعا المسجد ثم أتيا النبى -ﷺ- بالذراع قال: \"بل عريش كعريش موسى ثمام وخشبات فالأمر أعجل من ذلك\". قال الثورى: وبلغنا أن عرش موسى إذا قام مس رأسه.\n(^٣) فى س: \"حول\"، وفى ص ٢: \"حوال\". وكلها بمعنى.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٩)، والطبرانى (١٣٤٩٩) من طريق هريم به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٧: هذا منكر وليث ضيف.\n(^٥) غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٢٥.","vol":"5","page":158},{"text":"٤٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدَّثَنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدَّثَنا سَهلُ بنُ زَنجَلَةَ الرَّازىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو زُهَيرٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَغراءَ، عن ابنِ أبجَرَ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اتَّقوا هَذِه المَذابِحَ\". يَعنِى المَحاريبَ (^١).\n\n٤٣٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىِّ ابنُ شاذانَ البَغدادِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ حَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ دِرهَمٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بقَومٍ قَد أسَّسُوا مَسجِدًا ليَبنُوه فقالَ: \"أوسِعوه تَملَئوه\". قال: فأَوسَعوه (^٢).\n\n٤٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ دِرهَمٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أتَى على قَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ وهُم يَبنونَ مَسجِدًا لَهُم فقالَ: \"أوسِعوه تَملَئوه\" (^٣). هذا حَديث قَدِ اختُلِفَ فى إسنادِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٤٧٢٨) من طريق ابن أبجر به وعنده من قول سالم. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٧: هذا خبر منكر تفرد به عبد الرحمن وليس بحجة.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ٦٥ من طريق الحجاج به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٢٠) والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٢٦٨ من طريق محمد بن درهم به. قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٨: محمد واه، والأنصارى مجهول.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٦٣٩).","vol":"5","page":159},{"text":"٤٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ مُحَبَّبٍ أبو همَّامٍ الدَّلَّالُ، حدَّثَنا سَعيدُ ابنُ السّائبِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عياضٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَه أن يَجعَلَ مَسجِدَ الطّائفِ حيثُ كانَت طاغيَتُهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-946>باب فى تَنظيفِ المَساجِدِ وتَطييبِها بالخَلُوقِ وغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٤٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنا عامِرُ بنُ صالِحٍ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ ببُنيانِ المَساجِدِ فى الدُورِ، وأَمَرَ بها أن تُطيَّبَ وتنظَّفَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣). والمُرادُ بالدورِ قَبائلُهُم وعَشائرُهُم. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n٤٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ (^٤) سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى يَعنى ابنَ حَسّانَ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ موسَى، حدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، حدَّثَنى خُبَيبُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٧٤٣) من طريق أبى همام به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٣).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٦٣٨٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (٥٩٤) من طريق عامر به. وابن ماجه (٧٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٩٤) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٦١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٧٥٩)، وابن حبان (١٦٣٤) من طريق زائدة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٦).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"ثنا\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٧٤.","vol":"5","page":160},{"text":"سليمانَ، عن أبيه سليمانَ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن أبيه سَمُرَةَ، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلى بَنيه: أمَّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يأمُرُ بالمَساجِدِ أن نَصنَعَها فى ديارِنا، ونُصلِحَ صَنعَتَها ونُطَهِّرَها (^١).\n\n٤٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، حدَّثَنى أبو الوَليدِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عمرَ: ما كان بَدءُ هذا الزَّعفَرانِ فى المَسجِدِ؟ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرأى نُخامَةً فى قِبلَةِ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"غَيرُ هذا أحسَنُ مِن هذا\". فسَمعَ بذَلِكَ رجلٌ، فجاءَ بزَعفَرانٍ فحَكَّها، ثم طَلَى بالزَّعفَرانِ مَكانَها، فلمَّا رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَلِكَ قال: \"هذا أحسَنُ مِنَ الأوَّلِ\" (^٢). قال: وصَنَعَه النّاسُ.\nوحَديثُ جابِرٍ فى هذا قَد مَضى فى بابِ البُزاقِ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيهِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: فقَدَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- امرأةً سَوداءَ كانَت تَلتَقِطُ الخِرَقَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢٩٨) من طريق عمر بن سليمان به. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٧٩ ترجمة عمر بن سليم. وينظر الحديث (٤٣٦٩). وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٨: أبو الوليد لا يعرف، وعمر ليس بالقوى.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٦٥٠).","vol":"5","page":161},{"text":"والعيدانَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"أينَ فُلانَةُ؟ \". قالوا: ماتَت. وذكَر الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-947>بابٌ فى كَنسِ المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوهَّاب بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ابنِ أبى رَوّادٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عُرِضَت عَلَىَّ أُجورُ أُمَّتِى، حَتَّى القَذاةُ يُخرِجُها الرَّجُلُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ، وعُرِضَت عَلَىَّ ذُنوبُ أُمَّتِى، فلَم أرَ ذَنبًا أعظَمَ مِن سورَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ أو آيَةٍ أُوتِيَها رجلٌ ثم نَسيَها\" (^٢).\nورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ عن عبدِ الوهَّاب بنِ الحَكَمِ الوَرّاقِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-948>باب فى حَصَى المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِىُّ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدَّثَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ قال: قال أبو الوَليدِ: سألتُ ابنَ عمرَ عَمّا كان بدءُ هَذِه الحَصباءِ الَّتِى فى المَسجِدِ؟ قال: نَعَم، مُطِرنا مِنَ اللَّيل فخَرَجنا لِصَلاةِ الغَداةِ، فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَمُرُّ على البَطحاءِ فيَجعَلُ فى ثَوبِه مِنَ الحَصباءِ فيُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٠٠) عن طريق خالد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٦١). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٩١٦) عن عبد الوهاب به. وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٨).\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (١٢٩٧).","vol":"5","page":162},{"text":"عليه. قال: فلمَّا رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاكَ قال: \"ما أحسَنَ هذا البِساطَ! \". فكانَ ذَلِكَ أوَّلَ بَدئهِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٧٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ نافِعِ بنِ إسحاقَ الخُزاعِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَنَدِىُّ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ أبى عمرَ، حدَّثَنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: أوَّلُ مَن بَطَحَ المَسجِدَ مَسجِدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- وقالَ: أبطِحوه مِنَ الوادِى المُبارَكِ. يَعنِى العَقيقَ (^٢). كَذا قال عُروَةُ، وحَديثُ ابنِ عمرَ مُتَّصِلٌ، وإِسنادُه لا بأسَ بهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عَباسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أو عن كَعبٍ قال: إنَّ حَصَى المَسجِدِ لَتُناشِدُ صاحِبَها إذا خَرَجَ بها مِنَ المَسجِدِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٩٨) من طريق عمر بن سليم به. ووقع عبد ابن خزيمة: \"عمر بن سليمان\" كما أشرنا فى الحديث (٤٤٨٢) فهذا الحديث عند ابن خزيمة جزء من السابق. قال الذهبى فى ٢/ ٨٦٩: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) العقيق: من أشهر أودية المدينة المنورة يأتيها من الشمال يأخذ أعلى مياهه من جبال قدس ومن حرة الحجاز على قرابة (١٤٠) كيلا شمال المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢١٣.\nوالاثر عند المفضل الجندى فى فضائل المدينة (٤٨).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٩: يمكن الجمع.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٧٩١٧) من طريق إسرائيل به. وأبو داود (٤٦٠) من طريق أبى صالح به مرفوعًا. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٧).","vol":"5","page":163},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-949>باب فى سِراجِ المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدَّثَنا مِسكين، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ أبى سَودَةَ، عن مَيمونَةَ مَولاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ، -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفتِنا فى بَيتِ المَقدِسِ. قال: \"ائتوه فصَلُّوا فيه -وكانَتِ البِلادُ إذ ذاكَ حَربًا- فإِن لم تأتوه وتُصَلّوا فيه، فابعَثوا بزَيت يُسرَجُ فى قَناديلِه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-950>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ</span>\n\n٤٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنا مُسدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: حدَّثَنى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ الأنصارىُّ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ -أو أبى أُسَيدٍ- السَّاعِدِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فليُسَلِّمْ وليَقُل: اللَّهُمَّ افتحْ لِى أبوابَ رَحمَتِك. وإِذا خَرَجَ فليقُل: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أسألُكَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٦٢٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤٠٧) من طريق عثمان بن أبى سودة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٦٩: ابن أبى سودة هو زياد، وقد رواه ثور بن يزيد عن زياد فقال: عن أخيه عثمان، عن ميمون وهى بنت سعد أو سعيد. وهذا خبر منكر، وكيف يسوغ أن يبعث بزيت ليسرجه النصارى على التماثيل والصلبان؟! وأيضًا فالزيت منبعه من الأرض المقدسة فكيف يأمرهم أن يبعثوا به من الحجاز محل عدمه إلى معدنه؟! ثم إنه ﵇ لم يأمرهم بوقيد ولا بقناديل فى مسجده ولا فعله، وميمونة لا يدرى من هى ولا يعرف لعثمان سماع منها.","vol":"5","page":164},{"text":"مِن فضلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٣٧٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السَّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ يَعنِى العَتَكِىَّ، حدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ القُهُندُزِىُّ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدَّثَنا رَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ. فذكَره بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه لم يَقُلْ: \"فليُسَلِّمْ\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وعَن حامِدِ بنِ عمرَ عن بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ على لَفظِ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣). ولَفظُ التَّسليمِ فيه مَحفوظٌ.\n\n٤٣٧٥ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى الدَّراوَردِىَّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حُمَيدٍ -أو (^٤) أبا أُسَيدٍ- السّاعِدِىَّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فليُسَلِّمْ على النبىِّ، ثم ليَقُل: اللَّهُمَّ افتَحْ لِى أبوابَ رَحمَتِكَ. وإِذا خَرَجَ فليقُل: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أسألُكَ مِن فضلِكَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠٤٨) من طريق مسدد به. وابن ماجه (٧٧٢) من طريق عمارة بن غزية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٥٧)، والنسائى (٧٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٩) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١٣/. . .).\n(^٤) فى ص ٢: \"و\".\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٧٠: له طرق، وقد رواه العقدى والحمانى عن سليمان بن بلال، وفيه: سمعت أبا حميد وأبا أسيد.","vol":"5","page":165},{"text":"٤٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ. فذكَره بنَحوِه فزادَ: \"فليُسَلِّم و(^١) ليُصِلِّ على النبىِّ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ الكَبيرِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدَّثَنا الضَّحاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدَّثَنى سَعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبى هريرة -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فليُسَلِّمْ على النبىِّ وليقُل: اللَّهُمَّ افتَحْ لِى أبوابَ رَحمَتِكَ. وإِذا خَرَجَ فليُسَلَّمْ على النبىِّ وليقُل: اللَّهُمَّ أجِرنِى مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٣٧٨ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ البَصرِىُّ المُفيدُ ببَغدادَ، حدَّثَنا أبو خَليفَةَ القاضِى، حدَّثَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شَدّادٌ أبو طَلحَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ قُرَّة يُحَدِّثُ عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إذا دَخَلتَ المَسجِدَ أن تَبدأَ برِجلِكَ اليُمنَى،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أو\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدعوات (٦٦)، وأبو داود (٤٦٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٧، وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ولم يخرجاه. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٩١٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥٢)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٧) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٧٠: رواه النسائى فى اليوم والليلة، وعلته أنه رواه أبو هريرة عن كعب قوله.","vol":"5","page":166},{"text":"وإِذا خَرَجتَ أن تَبدأَ برِجلِكَ اليُسرَى (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به شَدّادُ بنُ سعيدٍ أبو طَلحَةَ الرّاسِبِىُّ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-951>بابُ الجُنُبِ يَمُرُّ فى المَسجِدِ مارًّا ولا يُقيمُ فيهِ</span>\n\n٤٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدَّثَنا أفلَتُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَتنِى جَسرَةُ بنتُ دِجاجَةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: جاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ووُجوهُ بُيوتِ أصحابِه شارِعَةٌ فى المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"وَجِّهوا هَذِه البُيوتَ عن المَسجِدِ\". ثم دَخَلَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- ولَم يَصنَعِ القَومُ شَيئًا؛ رَجاءَ أن تَنزِلَ لَهُم رُخصَةٌ، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم بَعدُ فقالَ: \"وجِّهوا هَذِه البُيوتَ عن المَسجِدِ، فإِنَّى لا أُحِل المَسجِدَ لحائضٍ ولا جُنُبٍ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: وهو فُلَيتٌ العامِرِىُّ.\n\n٤٣٨٠ - قال الشيخُ: زادَ فيه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ: \"إلا لمحَمَّدٍ -ﷺ- وآلِ محمدٍ\". أخبرناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبهانِىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) هو شداد بن سعيد الراسبى البصرى، أبو طلحة. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٢٧، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٣٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٣٩٥، ٣٣/ ٤٤٤، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٢٤٢، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٣٤٧: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٢٧) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٠).","vol":"5","page":167},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدَّثَنا موسَى. فذكَره بزيادَتِهِ (^١). قال البخارىُّ: وعِندَ جَسرَةَ عَجائبُ. قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ عُروَةُ وعَبّادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النبىِّ -ﷺ-: \"سُدُّوا هَذِه الأبوابَ إلا بابَ أبى بكر\". وهَذا أصَحُّ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا إن صَحَّ فمَحمولٌ فى الجُنُبِ على المُكثِ فيه دونَ العُبورِ؛ بدَليلِ الكِتابِ.\n\n٤٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ يَعنى الرّازِىَّ، حدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]. قال: لا تَدخُلِ المَسجِدَ وأَنتَ جُنُبٌ، إلا أن يَكونَ طَريقُكَ فيه، ولا تَجلِسْ (^٢).\nورواه أبو نُعَيمٍ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ وقالَ: إلا وأَنتَ مارٌّ تَمُرُّ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ فى \"التَّفسيرِ\"، حدَّثَنا زيادُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦٧، ٦٨. وأخرجه الدولابى فى الكنى والأسماء (١١٥٠) من طريق موسى به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٧١: وقوله فيه: \"إلا لمحمد ﷺ وآل محمد\". منكر من القول، وما علمت أحدًا ذهب إليه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧)، وفى المعرفة (١٢٨٧). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ٥٥ من طريق أبى جعفر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٦٣٢) من طريق أبى نعيم به.","vol":"5","page":168},{"text":"هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان أحَدُنا يَمُرُّ فى المَسجِدِ وهو جُنُبٌ مُجتازًا (^١).\n\n٤٣٨٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الثَّقَفىُّ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه كان يُرَخِّصُ لِلجُنُبِ أن يَمُرَّ فى المَسجِدِ مُجتازًا. قال: ولا أعلَمُه إلا قال: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن الحسنِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ الأزدِىِّ، عن سَلْمٍ العَلَوِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ﴾. قال: يَجتازُ ولا يَجلِسُ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدَّثَنا الوَليدُ ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو عمرٍو قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: الحائضُ والجُنُبُ لا يَنقُضانِ عِقاصًا ولا ضَفيرَةً، ولا تَمُرُّ حائضٌ فى المَسجِدِ إلا مُضطَرَّةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٣١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٦١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٢٠٩) عن مسلم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٠٤، ٨٠٩) عن عطاء مقتصرا على الشطر الأول، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٨) عن عطاء مقتصرا على الشطر الثانى دون ذكر الاضطرار.","vol":"5","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-952>بابُ المُشرِكِ يَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ غَيرَ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ</span>\nلِقَولِ اللَّهِ تعالَى: ﴿فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨]. وهو قَولُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنا الليث، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، أنه سمِع أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَيلًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فجاءَت برَجُلٍ مِن بني حَنيفَةَ يُقالُ له ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ، فرَبَطوه بساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ. وذكَر الحديثَ فى إسلامِهِ (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيث، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن شَريكِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، أنَّه سمِع أنس بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: دَخَلَ رجلٌ على جَمَلٍ فأَناخَه فى المَسجِدِ، ثم عَقَلَه، ثم قال: أيُّكُم محمدٌ؟ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَّكِئٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَيهِم، فقُلنا له: هذا الأبيَضُ المُتَّكِئُ. فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: يا ابنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فقالَ له النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أجَبتُكَ. فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: يا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٧٩)، والنسائى (١٨٩، ٧١١) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (٨٢٠، ٨٢١)، وسيأتى من طريق قتيبة فى (١٢٩٦٥، ١٨١٩٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٦٩، ٢٤٢٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٤/ ٥٩).","vol":"5","page":170},{"text":"إنِّى سائلُكَ. قال. وساقَ الحديثَ (^١). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\nورُوِى عن كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذكَره وسَمَّى الرَّجُلَ ضِمامَ بنَ ثَعلَبَةَ، وقالَ عن اللَّيثِ: فأَناخَ بَعيرَه على بابِ المَسجِدِ، ثم عَقَلَه ثم دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ (^٣).\n\n٤٣٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدَّثَنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حدَّثَنا رجلٌ مِن مُزَينَةَ ونَحنُ عندَ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: اليَهودُ أتَوُا النبىَّ -ﷺ- وهو جالِسٌ فى المسجِدِ فى أصحابِه فقالوا: يا أبا القاسِمِ، فى رجلٍ وامرأَةٍ مِنهُم زَنَيا (^٤).\n\n٤٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: حدَّثَنى بَعضُ إخوانِى، عن أبى، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فى فِداءِ بَدرٍ. قال: وهو يَومَئذٍ مُشرِكٌ. قال: فدَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ المغرِبِ، يَقرأُ فيها بـ \"الطّورِ\" فكأَنَّما\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٨٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٠٩١)، وابن ماجه (١٤٠٢)، وابن حبان (١٥٤) من طريق عيسى ابن حماد به. وأحمد (١٢٧١٩)، والنسائى (٢٠٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٥٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٤)، وأبو داود (٤٨٧) من طريق كريب به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٨٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٣٣٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٦١). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٢).","vol":"5","page":171},{"text":"صُدِعَ قَلبِى لِقراءةِ القُرآنِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنا أبو الوليدِ (^٢) الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ، أنَّ وفدَ ثَقيفٍ قدِموا على النبىِّ -ﷺ- فأَنزَلَهم المسجِدَ ليَكونَ أرَق لِقُلوبِهِم، فاشتَرَطوا على النبىِّ -ﷺ- ألا يُحشَروا ولا يُعشَروا ولا يُجَبّوا (^٣)، ولا يُستَعمَلَ عَلَيهِم مِن غَيرِهِم، فقالَ: \"لا تُحشَروا ولا تُعشَروا ولا تُجَبّوا، ولا يُستَعمَلُ عَلَيكُم مِن غَيرِكُم، ولا خَيرَ فى دين لَيسَ فيه رُكوعٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدَّثَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنزَلَهُم فى قُبَّةٍ فى\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٩٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٦٢) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبى ٢/ ٨٧٢: ومع هذا فما أسلم حتى شاء اللَّهِ بعدُ بمدة.\n(^٢) فى م: \"داود\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) ألا يحشروا: أى: لا يندبون إلى المغازى، ولا تضرب عليهم البعوث. وقيل: لا يحشرون إلى عامل الزكاة ليأخذ صدقة أموالهم، بل يأخذها فى أماكنهم، وقوله: لا يعشروا: أى: لا يؤخذ عشر أموالهم، وقيل: أرادوا به الصدقة الواجبة. وإنما فسح لهم فى تركها؛ لأنها لم تكن واجبة يومئذ عليهم، إنما تجب بتمام الحول. وقوله: ولا يجبوا: أصل التجبية أن يقوم الإنسان قيام الراكع، وقيل: هو أن يضع يديه على ركبتيه وهو قائم. وقيل: هو السجود. والمراد بقولهم: لا يجبوا. أنهم لا يصلون. . . ينظر فى ذلك كله: النهاية ١/ ٢٣٨، ٣٨٩، ٣/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٢٨) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٧٩١٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٢٨) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"5","page":172},{"text":"المَسجِدِ، ليَكونَ أرَق لِقُلوبِهِم. ثم ذكَر الحديثَ فى اشتِراطِهِم حينَ أسلَموا (^١).\nورواه أشعَثُ عن الحسنِ مُرسَلًا ببَعضِ مَعناه، زادَ: فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنزَلتَهُم فى المَسجِدِ وهُم مُشرِكونَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الأرضَ تَنجُسُ، إنَّما يَنجُسُ ابنُ آدَمَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-953>بابُ المُسلِمِ يَبيتُ فى المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدَّثَنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: حدَّثَنى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه كان يَنامُ وهو شابٌّ أعزَبُ فى مَسجِدِ النبىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣). رواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثَنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدَّثَنا سليمانُ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدَّثَنا داوُدُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى حَربِ ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ النَّصرِىِّ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ مُهاجِرًا - وكانَ الرَّجُلُ إذا قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ؛ فإِن كان له عَرِيفٌ (^٥) نَزَلَ عليه، وإِن لم يكنْ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٠٥، والطيالسى (٩٨١)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٧) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٧٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٣٠) من طريق يحيى به. وابن ماجه (٧٥١) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٤٠).\n(^٥) التعريف: رئيس القوم وسيدهم، أو النقيب وهو دون الرئيس. التاج ٢٤/ ١٤٤ (ع ر ف).","vol":"5","page":173},{"text":"له عَريفٌ نَزَلَ الصُّفَّةَ - فقَدِمتُها ولَيسَ لِى بها عَرِيفٌ، فنَزَلتُ الصُّفَّةَ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُرافِقُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ، ويَقسِمُ بَينَهُما مُدًّا مِن تَمرٍ، فبَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ في صَلاتِه إذ ناداه رجلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أحرَقَ بُطونَنا التَّمرُ، وتَخَرَّقَت عَنّا الخُنُفُ (^١). قال: وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عليه، وذكَر ما لَقِىَ مِن قَومِه ثم قال: \"لَقَد رأيتُنِى وصاحِبِى مَكَثنا بضعَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً ما لَنا طَعامٌ غَيرُ البَريرِ - والبَريرُ ثَمَرُ الأراكِ - حَتَّى أتَينا إخوانَنا مِنَ الأنصارِ، فآسَونا مِن طَعامِهِم، وكانَ جُلُّ طَعامِهِمُ التَّمرَ، والَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو لَو قَدَرتُ لَكُم على الخُبزِ واللَّحمِ لأطعَمتُكُموه، وسَيأتِى عَلَيكُم زَمانٌ، أو مَن أدرَكَه مِنكُم، تَلبَسونَ أمثالَ أستارِ الكَعبَةِ، ويُغدَى ويُراحُ عَلَيكُم بالجِفانِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنَحنُ يَومَئذٍ خَيرٌ أوِ اليَومَ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل أنتُمُ اليَومَ خَيرٌ، أنتُمُ اليَومَ إخوانٌ، وأنتُم يَومَئذٍ يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ المعدانِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ البُزنانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ الرَّوّادِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ اليَمانِ قال: لَمّا كَثُرَتِ المُهاجِرونَ بالمدينَةِ، ولَم يَكُنْ لَهُم دارٌ ولا مأوًى، أنزَلَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَسجِدَ، وسَمّاهُم أصحابَ الصُّفَّةِ، فكانَ يُجالِسُهُم ويأنَسُ بهِم.\n_________\n(^١) الخنف: واحدها خنيف: وهو جنس من الكتان ردئ. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣١٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٥٢٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٨٨)، وابن حبان (٦٦٨٤) من طريق داود بن أبى هند به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٧٣: إسناده قوى.","vol":"5","page":174},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن النَّومِ في المَسجِدِ فقالَ: فأَينَ كان أهلُ الصُّفَّةِ؟ يَعنِي يَنامونَ فيهِ (^١).\n\n٤٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: واللهِ الذي لا إلَهَ إلا هو، إن كُنتُ لأعتَمِدُ بكَبِدِى على الأرضِ مِنَ الجوعِ، وإِن كُنتُ لأشُدُّ الحَجَرَ على بَطنِي مِنَ الجوعِ، ولَقَد قَعَدتُ يَومًا على طَريقِهِمُ الذي يَخرُجونَ فيه، فمَرَّ بي أبو بكرٍ فسألتُه عن آيَةٍ مِن كِتابِ اللهِ تعالَى، ما سألتُه إلا ليَستَتبِعَنِي، فمَرَّ ولَم يَفعَلْ، ثم مَرَّ بي عُمَرُ فسألتُه عن آيَةٍ مِن كِتابِ اللهِ، ما سألتُه إلا ليَستَتبِعَنِي، فمَرَّ ولَم يَفعَلْ، ثم مَرَّ بي أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ - فتَبَسَّمَ حينَ رآنِى، وعَرَفَ ما في نَفسِى وما في وجهِى، ثم قال: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"الْحقْ\". ومَضَى، فاتَّبَعتُه فدَخَلَ، واستأذَنتُ فأَذِنَ لِى فدَخَلتُ، فوَجَدَ لَبَنًا في قَدَحٍ، فقالَ \"مِن أينَ هذا اللَّبَنُ؟ \". قالوا: أهداه لَكَ فُلانٌ أو فُلانَةُ. قال: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"الْحقْ أهلَ الصُّفَّةِ فادْعُهُم لِي\". قال: وأَهلُ الصُّفَّةِ أضيافُ الإِسلامِ، لا يأوونَ إلى أهلٍ ولا مالٍ، إذا أتَته صَدَقَةٌ يَبعَثُ بها إلَيهِم، ولَم يَتَناوَلْ مِنها شَيئًا، وإِذا أتَته هَديَّةٌ أرسَلَ إلَيهِم، فأَصابَ مِنها وأَشرَكَهُم فيها، فساءَنِى ذَلِكَ قُلتُ: وما هذا اللَّبَنُ في أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ؟ كُنتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٩٥٥).","vol":"5","page":175},{"text":"أرجو أن أُصيبَ مِن هذا اللَّبَنِ شَربَةً أتَقَوَّى بها، وأَنا الرَّسولُ، فإِذا جاءَ (^١) أمَرَنِى أن أُعطيَهُم، فما عَسَى أن يَبلُغَنِى مِن هذا اللَّبَنِ؟ ولَم يكنْ مِن طاعَةِ اللهِ وطاعَةِ رسولِه بُدٌّ، فأَتَيتُهُم فدَعَوتُهُم، فأَقبَلوا حَتَّى استأذَنوا فأَذِنَ لَهُم، وأَخَذوا مَجالِسَهُم مِنَ البَيتِ فقالَ: \"يا أبا هِرٍّ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قَالَ: \"خُذْ فأعطِهِم\". فأَخَذتُ القَدَحَ، فجَعَلتُ أُعطيه الرَّجُلَ فيَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَروَى ثم يَرُدُّ عَلَىَّ القَدَحَ، فأُعطيه الآخَرَ فيَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَروَى ثم يَرُدُّ عَلَىَّ القَدَحَ، حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَد رَوِىَ القَومُ كُلُّهُم، فأَخَذَ القَدَحَ فوَضَعَه على يَدِه ونَظَرَ إلَىَّ وتَبَسَّمَ، وقالَ: \"يا أبا هِرٍّ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"بَقيتُ أنا وأنتَ\". قُلتُ: صَدَقتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"اقعُدْ فاشرَبْ\". فَقَعَدتُ وشَرِبتُ، فقالَ: \"اشرَبْ\". فشَرِبتُ، فقالَ: \"اشرَبْ\". فشَرِبتُ، فما زالَ يقولُ: \"فاشرَبْ\". فأشرَبُ. حَتَّى قُلتُ: لا والذي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ (^٢) ما أجِدُ له مَسلَكًا. قال: \"فأذن (^٣) \". فأَعطَيتُه القَدَحَ، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وسَمَّى وشَرِبَ الفَضلَةَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن حجر: قوله: فإذا جاء. كذا فيه بالإفراد، أي: من أمرنى بطلبه، وللأكثر: فإذا جاءوا. بصيغة الجمع. فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"نبيا\".\n(^٣) كذا في س، م، وفي المهذب ٢/ ٨٧٥: \"فادن\"، وعند أحمد: \"فناولنى القدح\". وفي الدلائل والبخاري وابن حبان: \"فأرنى\". وسياق الترمذي مختلف.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٧٩)، والترمذي (٢٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٦٥٣٥) من طريق عمر بن ذر به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٥٢).","vol":"5","page":176},{"text":"٤٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: استُعمِلَ على المَدينَةِ رجلٌ مِن آلِ مَروانَ فدَعا سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ فأَمَرَه أن يَشتُمَ عَليًّا - ﵁ -. قال: فأَبَى سَهلٌ، فقالَ له: أمَا إذا أبَيتَ فقُلْ: لَعَنَ اللهُ أبا تُرابٍ. فقالَ سَهلٌ: ما كان لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ - اسمٌ أحَبَّ إلَيه مِن أبى تُرابٍ، وإِن كان لَيَفرَحُ إذا دُعِىَ بها. فقالَ له: أخبِرْنا عن قِصَّتِه لِمَ سُمِّىَ أبا تُرابٍ؟ قال: جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَيتَ فاطِمَةَ فلَم يَجِدْ عَليًّا - ﵁ - في البَيتِ فقالَ لَها: \"أينَ ابنُ عَمِّكِ؟ \". فقالَت: كان بَينِي وبَينَه شَئٌ فغاضَبَنِي، فخَرَجَ ولَم يَقِلْ عِندِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لإِنسانٍ: \"انظُرْ أينَ هوَ\". فجاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هو في المسجِدِ راقِدٌ. فجاءَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُضطَجِعٌ قَد سَقَطَ رِداؤُه عن شِقِّه فأَصابَه تُرابٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُه عنه ويَقولُ: \"قُمْ أبا تُرابٍ، قُمْ أبا تُرابٍ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي الأسوَدِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا يونُسُ، أنَّ الحَسَنَ سُئلَ عن القائلَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٣٧٠٣)، وابن حبان (٦٩٢٥) من طريق عبد العزيز به. والبخاري (٦٢٠٤) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٨٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٠٩/ ٣٨).","vol":"5","page":177},{"text":"في المَسجِدِ، فقالَ: رأيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عفانَ - ﵁ - وهو يَومَئذٍ خَليفَةٌ يَقيلُ في المَسجِدِ، ويَقومُ وأَثَرُ الحَصَى بجَنبِه فيَقولُ: هذا أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ، هذا أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ. قال يونُسُ بإِصبَعِه وحَرَّكَ أبو بكرٍ إصبَعَه السَّبّابَةَ، ونَحنُ يَومَئذٍ غِلمانٌ. قُلتُ ليونُسَ: ابنُ كَم كان الحسنُ يَومَ قُتِلَ عثمان؟ قال: ابنَ أربَعَ عَشرَةَ، وُلِدَ الحسنُ لِسَنَتَينِ بَقِيَتا مِن خِلافَةِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عباسٍ، ثم عن مُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، ما يَدُلُّ على كَراهيَتِهِم النَّومَ في المَسجِدِ (^٢)، فكأَنَّهُمُ استَحَبّوا لمن وجَدَ مَسكَنًا ألا يَقصِدَ المسجِدَ لِلنَّومِ فيهِ.\n\n٤٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاتِكَةِ الأزدِىُّ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ هانِئٍ العَنْسِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أتَى المَسجِدَ لِشَئٍ فهوَ حَظُّه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-954>بابُ كَراهيَةِ إنشادِ الضّالَّةِ في المَسجِدِ، وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ ممَّا لا يَليقُ بالمَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٢٢٦ من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٥٢ - ١٦٥٤، ٤٩٥٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٧٢). وسيأتي في (٥٠٥٥). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٤٧).","vol":"5","page":178},{"text":"حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، أنَّه سمِع أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (ح). وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّرْقُفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأسوَدِ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّه سمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن سمِعَ رجلًا يَنشُدُ ضالَّةً في المَسجِدِ فليَقُلْ: لا أدّاها اللهُ إلَيكَ، إنَّ المَساجِدَ لم تُبنَ لِهَذا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئِ، وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"لا رَدَّها اللهُ عَلَيكَ، فإِنَّ المَساجِدَ لم تُبنَ لِهَذا\". رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وعَن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن المُقرِئِ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سليمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - سمِع رجلًا يقولُ في المَسجِدِ: مَن دَعا إلى الجَمَلِ الأحمَرِ؟ فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا وجَدتَ، إنَّما بُنيَتِ المساجِدُ لما بُنيَت له\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرزاقِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٣٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٨٥٨٨)، وأبو داود (٤٧٣)، وابن حبان (١٦٥١) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٤٤) عن عبد الله بن الوليد به. وابن حبان (١٦٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٣٠٥١)، ومسلم (٥٦٩/ ٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٧٦٥)، وابن =","vol":"5","page":179},{"text":"عن الثَّورِىِّ (^١).\n\n٤٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ (^٢)، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا رأيتُم مَن يَبيعُ أو يَبتاعُ في المَسجِدِ فقولوا: لا أربَحَ اللهُ تِجارَتَكَ، وإِذا رأيتُم مَن يَنشُدُ فيه ضالَّةً فقولوا: لا رَدَّها اللهُ عَلَيكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الجُعَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، حدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ خُصَيفَةَ (٢)، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كُنتُ نائمًا في المَسجِدِ فحَصَبَنِى رجلٌ، فنَظَرتُ فإِذا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: اذهَبْ فأْتِنِى بهَذَينِ. فَجِئتُه بهِما فقالَ: مِمَّن أنتُما؟ قالا: مِن أهلِ الطّائفِ. فقالَ: لَو كُنتُما مِن أهلِ البَلَدِ لأوجَعتُكُما، تَرفَعانِ\n_________\n= خزيمة (١٣٠١) من طريق علقمة به. وسيأتي في (١٢٢٣٣، ٢٠٢٨٩) من طريق علقمة.\n(^١) مسلم (٥٦٩/ ٨٠).\n(^٢) في ص ٢: \"حفصة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٥)، وابن حبان (١٦٥٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. قال الترمذي: حسن غريب.","vol":"5","page":180},{"text":"أصواتَكُما في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١)؟ رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن تَناشُدِ الأشعارِ في المَسجِدِ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٠٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الحِنّائىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بشرٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ. فذكَره بمثلِه، زادَ نَهيَه عن تَعريفِ الضّالَّةِ (^٤) في المَسجِدِ، وعَنِ الشِّراءِ (^٥) والبَيعِ في المَسجِدِ (^٦).\n\n٤٤٠٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أنشَدَ حَسّانُ بنُ ثابِتٍ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٣٣ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٢٩١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٢٢)، والنسائي (٧١٤) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٤) عرف فلان الضالة: أي: ذكرها وطلب من يعرفها. النهاية ٣/ ٢١٧.\n(^٥) في ص ٢: \"الاشتراء\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٧٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٧٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٤) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٥٦).","vol":"5","page":181},{"text":"المَسجِدِ، فمَرَّ به عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فلَحَظَه (^١) فقالَ: أفِى المَسجِدِ؟ فقالَ: واللهِ لَقَد أنشَدتُ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنكَ. قال: فخَشِىَ أن يَرميَه برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَجازَ وتَرَكَه (^٢).\n\n٤٤٠٦ - وعَنِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ حَسّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال، يَعنِي لِقَومٍ فيهِم أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: أنشُدُكَ اللهَ أسَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أجِبْ عَنِّي أيَّدَكَ اللهُ بروحِ القُدُسِ\". فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم (^٣). أخرَجَ مسلمٌ الحديثَ المُسنَدَ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، وأَخرَجَ قِصَّةَ عمرَ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\nونَحنُ لا نَرَى بإِنشادِ مِثلِ ما كان يقولُ حَسّانُ في الذَّبِّ عن الإِسلامِ وأَهلِه بأسًا لا في المَسجِدِ ولا في غَيرِه، والحَديثُ الأوَّلُ ورَدَ في تَناشُدِ أشعارِ الجاهِليَّةِ وغَيرِها ممّا لا يَليقُ بالمسجِدِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-955>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الصَّلاةِ في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ دونَ مُراحِ الغَنَمِ</span>\n\n٤٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ،\n_________\n(^١) لحظه: نظر إليه بمؤخر عينيه. التاج ٢٠/ ٢٦٧ (ل ح ظ).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٧١٦)، وعنه أحمد (٢١٩٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٣٨) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٠٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٤٤)، وأبو داود (٥٠١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٣٦)، والبخاري (٣٢١٢)، وأبو داود (٥٠١٣)، والنسائي (٧١٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٧) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٢١١٤٢) بالإسناد نفسه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٤٨٥).","vol":"5","page":182},{"text":"حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: أتَى رجلٌ النبيَّ - ﷺ - وأَنا عندَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنَتَطَهَّرُ مِن لُحومِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"إن شِئتَ، وإِن شِئتَ فدَعْ\". قال: أفأُصَلِّى في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: أفأَتَطَهَّرُ مِن لُحومِ الإِبِلِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: أفأُصَلِّى في مَبارِكِ الإِبِلِ؟ قال: \"لا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n٤٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ ابنِ دُحَيمٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ ابنُ موسَى، عن شَيبانَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ وأَشعَثَ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن نُصَلِّىَ في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ ولا نُصَلِّىَ في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القاسِمِ بنِ زكريا بنِ دينارٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى (^٤).\n\n٤٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٥٦) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٦٠/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٠٩) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٢١٠١٥)، ومسلم (٣٦٠/ ٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣١)، وعنه ابن حبان (١١٢٤، ١١٥٤) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٦٠/ ٩٧).","vol":"5","page":183},{"text":"سعيدٍ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَيتُم على أعطانِ الإبِلِ فلا تُصَلُّوا فيها، وإِذا أتَيتُم على أعطانِ الغَنَمِ فصَلُّوا فيها إن شِئتُم\" (^١).\n\n٤٤١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سَعيدٌ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"إذا كُنتُم في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ فلا تُصَلُّوا، وإِذا كُنتُم في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ فصَلُّوا فيها إن شِئتُم\".\n\n٤٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، حدَّثَنى عَمِّى يَعنِى عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال: رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلّوا في مُراحاتِ (^٢) الغَنَمِ، ولا تُصَلّوا في مُراحاتِ (^٢) الإِبِلِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٠٠ - منتخب) من طريق محمد بن بشر به. وأحمد (٢٠٥٥٦) من طريق سعيد بنحوه.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٢: \"مراحب\". والمُراحات: المكان الذي تأوى إليه الإبل والغنم. التاج ٦/ ٤١٩ (روح).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٤١)، وابن ماجه (٧٧٠) من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٢٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":184},{"text":"المِنهالِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلَم تَجِدوا إلا مَرابِضَ الغَنَمِ وأعطانَ الإِبِلِ فصَلُّوا في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ، ولا تُصَلُّوا في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-956>بابُ ذِكرِ المَعنَى في كَراهيَةِ الصَّلاةِ في أحَدِ هَذَينِ المَوضِعَينِ دونَ الآخَرِ</span>\n\n٤٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عبدِ (^٢) اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الصَّلاةِ في مَبارِكِ الإِبِلِ فقالَ: \"لا تُصَلُّوا فيها، فإِنَّها مِنَ الشَّياطينِ\". وسُئلَ عن الصَّلاةِ في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ فقالَ: \"صَلُّوا فيها فإِنَّها بَرَكَةٌ\" (^٣). حَديثُهُما سَواءٌ.\n\n٤٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٧٠٠، ١٧٠١) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به. وابن ماجه (٧٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. والترمذي (٣٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٥)، وابن حبان (١٣٨٤) من طريق هشام به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"عبيد\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٢)، وأبو داود (١٨٤، ٤٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٣٨)، والترمذي (٨١)، وابن ماجه (٤٩٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن خزيمة (٣٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الترمذي عقب روايته للحديث.","vol":"5","page":185},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحسنِ (^١)، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلُّوا في مَرابِضِ الغَنَمِ، ولا تُصَلُّوا في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ؛ فإِنَّها خُلِقَت مِنَ الشَّياطينِ\" (^٢). كَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ. وقالَ يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ: كُنّا نُؤمَرُ. لم يَذكُرِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٤٤١٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو القاسِمِ السَّرّاجُ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ طَلحَةَ ابنِ كَريزٍ، عن الحسنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أدرَكَتكُمُ الصَّلاةُ وأنتُم في مُراحِ الغَنَمِ فصَلُّوا فيها، فإِنَّها سَكينَةٌ وبَرَكَةٌ، وإِذا أدرَكَتكُمُ الصَّلاةُ وأنتُم في أعطانِ الإبِلِ فاخرُجوا مِنها فصَلُّوا، فإِنَّها جِنٌّ، مِن جِنٍّ خُلِقَت، ألا تَرَى أنَّها إذا نَفَرَت كَيفَ تَشمَخُ بأنفِها؟ \" (^٤). قال الشافعيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبى سعيدٍ (^٥): وفِي قَولِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُصَلّوا في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ، فإِنَّها جِنٌّ مِن جِنٍّ خُلِقَت\". دَليلٌ على أنَّه إنَّما نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحسين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٧٠٢) من طريق هشيم به. وأحمد (١٦٧٨٨) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٦٥٧) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٩٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٩٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٥٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن طلحة بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٦: رواه أحمد والطبراني في الكبير. . . ورجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٥) هو أبو سعيد ابن أبي عمرو شيخ البيهقي، كما في المعرفة.","vol":"5","page":186},{"text":"عَنها كما قال حينَ نامَ عن الصَّلاةِ: \"اخرُجوا بنا مِن هذا الوادِى، فإِنَّه وادٍ به شَيطانٌ\". فكَرِهَ أن يُصَلِّىَ قُربَ شَيطانٍ، وكَذا كَرِهَ أن يُصَلِّىَ قُربَ الإِبِلِ؛ لأنَّها خُلِقَت مِن جِنٍّ لا لِنَجاسَةِ مَوضِعِها، وقالَ في الغَنَمِ: \"هِىَ مِن دَوابِّ الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الحَديثُ في النَّومِ عن الصَّلاةِ فقَد مَضَى (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُه في الغَنَمِ:\n\n٤٤١٦ - فأَخبَرناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلُّوا في مُراحِ الغَنَمِ وامسَحوا رِغامَها (^٣)، فإِنَّها مِن دَوابِّ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٤).\nورواه مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن سعيدِ بنِ محمدٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ [عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -] (^٥)، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦). ورواه حُمَيدُ بنُ مالكٍ عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - مَوقوفًا عليه (^٧)، وقيل مَرفوعًا (^٨). والمَوقوفُ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٩١٤ - ١٩٢١).\n(^٣) الرغام بالغين المعجمة: ما يسيل من الأنف. والمشهور فيه والمروى بالعين المهملة. ويجوز أن يكون أراد مسح التراب عنها رعاية لها وإصلاحًا لشأنها. النهاية ٢/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٠٨٨.\n(^٥) ليس في ص ٢.\n(^٦) أخرجه حنبل في الفتن (٨٣)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٤٥ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٧) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٩٣٣، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٠٠) من طريق حميد موقوفًا.\n(^٨) أخرجه البزار (٨٤١٧) من طريق حميد مرفوعًا.","vol":"5","page":187},{"text":"أصَحُّ (^١)، ورُوِّيناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا.\n\n٤٤١٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحسينُ بنُ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ احمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ حاجِبٍ، حدثنا [سَخْتُويَه بنُ مازيار] (^٢)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حَيّانَ يَذكُرُ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ (^٣) بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الغَنَمَ مِن دَوابِّ الجَنَّةِ، فامسَحوا رِغامَها وصَلُّوا في مَرابِضِها\" (^٤).\nقال الشافعيُّ ﵀: فأَمَرَ أن يُصَلَّى في مُراحِها، يَعنِى واللهُ أعلَمُ في المَوضِعِ الذي يَقَعُ عليه اسمُ مُراحِها الذي لا بَعرَ ولا بَولَ فيهِ. قال: وأَكرَهُ له الصَّلاةَ في أعطانِ الإِبِلِ وإِن لم يَكُنْ فيها قَذَرٌ؛ لِنَهىِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، فإِن صَلَّى أجزأه؛ لأنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى، فمَرَّ به شَيطانٌ فخَنَقَه حَتَّى وجَدَ بَردَ لِسانِه على يَدِه، ولَم يُفسِدْ ذَلِكَ صَلاتَه (^٥).\n\n٤٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ بُدَيلٍ، حدثنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: صَلَّينا مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٩٧، ٩٨.\n(^٢) في س: \"سخبريه بن ماذماذ\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"سحنويه\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٢: \"عن\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٥/ ٥١٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٣٤٦)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٤٣١ من طريق إبراهيم بن عيينة به. وينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم (٣٨٠).\n(^٥) الشافعي ١/ ٩٣.","vol":"5","page":188},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةً مَكتوبَةً، فضَمَّ يَدَه في الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا صَلَّى قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ أحَدَثَ في الصَّلاةِ شَئٌ؟ قال: \"لا، إلا أنَّ الشَّيطانَ أرادَ أن يَمُرَّ بَينَ يَدَىَّ، فخَنَقتُه حَتَّى وجَدتُ بَردَ لِسانِه على يَدِي، وايمُ اللهِ لَولا ما سَبَقَنِي إلَيه أخِى سليمانُ لارتُبِطَ إلى ساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ حَتَّى يُطيفَ به وِلدانُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ\" (^١). وقَد مَضَى مَعنَى هذا في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ وفِي حَديثِ أبى الدَّرداءِ (^٢).\n\n٤٤١٩ - وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى إلى بَعيرٍ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن أبي خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٢٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ. وأَخبَرَنِي المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٦٥. وأخرجه الطبراني (٢٠٥٣) من طريق أحمد بن بديل به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٧٩: مفضل واه. وينظر مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٦١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٢٢٧، ٣٢٢٨، ٣٤٧٣، ٣٤٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٩٢) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة، والترمذي (٣٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٨٠١) من طريق أبى خالد به. وأحمد (٤٤٦٨)، وعنه مسلم (٥٠٢/ ٢٤٧)، والبخاري (٢٥٠٧) من طريق عبد الله به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٠).","vol":"5","page":189},{"text":"ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ. فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّ المَنيعِىَّ قال: إلى بَعيرِهِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\nوهَذا وإِن لم يَكُنْ صَلاةً في مَوضِعِ الإِبِلِ، فهِىَ صَلاةٌ قُربَ الإِبِلِ، ثم كانَت جائزَةً؛ لِطَهارَةِ المَكانِ، كما كُرِهَ الصَّلاةُ قُربَ الشَّيطانِ في خَبَرٍ آخَرَ، ثم مَرَّ به الشَّيطانُ في صَلاتِه فخَنَقَه، ولَم يُفسِدْ عليه صَلاتَه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-957>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ الصَّلاةَ في مَوضِعِ الخَسفِ والعَذابِ</span>\n\n٤٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ داودَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ أزهَرَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ المُرادِىِّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ الغِفارِىِّ، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - مَرَّ ببابِلَ وهو يَسيرُ، فجاءَه المُؤَذِّنُ يُؤذِنُه بصَلاةِ العَصرِ، فلَمّا بَرَزَ مِنها أمَرَ المُؤَذِّنَ فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: إنَّ حَبيبِى - ﷺ - نَهانِى أن أُصَلِّىَ في [المَقبرَةِ، ونَهانِى أن أُصَلِّىَ في] (^٣) أرْضِ بابِلَ فإِنَّها مَلعونَةٌ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أزهَرَ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٨٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٣٧٨) عن الحسن بن سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠٢/ ٢٤٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٩٠). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٣).","vol":"5","page":190},{"text":"عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ الغِفارِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -. بمَعنَى حَديثِ سليمانَ بنِ داودَ قال: فلَمّا خَرَجَ مِنها. مَكانَ: لَمّا بَرَزَ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُحِلٍّ العامِرِىِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ فمَرَّ بنا على الخَسْفِ الذي ببابِلَ، فلَم يُصَلِّ حَتَّى أجازَه (^٢). وعَن حُجرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: ما كُنتُ لأُصَلِّىَ في أرضٍ خَسَفَ اللهُ بها ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٣). وهَذا النَّهىُ عن الصَّلاةِ فيها إن ثَبَتَ مَرفوعًا لَيسَ لِمَعنًى يَرجِعُ إلى الصَّلاةِ، فلَو صَلَّى فيها لم يُعِدْ.\n\n٤٤٢٣ - وإِنَّما هو - واللهُ أعلَمُ - كما حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَدخُلوا على هَؤُلاءِ القَومِ\". يَعنِي أصحابَ ثَمودَ: \"إلَّا أن تَكونوا باكينَ، فإِن لم تَكونوا باكينَ فإِنِّى أخافُ أن يُصيبَكُم مِثلُ الذي أصابَهُم\" (^٤).\n\n٤٤٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِي عَبّاسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٩١). وقال ابن عبد البر: هذا إسناد ضعيف. التمهيد ٣/ ٣٣٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٣١، ٧٦٣٢)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٠ من طريق ابن أبي محل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٣٠) من طريق حجر به.\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٢٣٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٦١) عن سفيان به. وأحمد (٥٢٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٧٤)، وابن حبان (٦٢٠٠، ٦٢٠١) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.","vol":"5","page":191},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال لأصحابِه: \"لا تَدخُلوا على هَؤُلاءِ القَومِ - يَعنِى المُعَذَّبينَ - إلا أن تَكونوا باكينَ، فإِن لم تَكونوا باكينَ فلا تَدخُلوا عَلَيهِم، لا يُصيبُكُم ما أصابَهُم\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ أحمدَ الزَّوزَنِىُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سليمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: لَمّا مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحِجرِ قال: \"لا تَدخُلوا مَساكِنَ الَّذينَ ظَلَموا أنفُسَهُم إلا أن تَكونوا باكينَ؛ أن يُصيبَكُم مِثلُ الذي أصابَهُم\". ثم قَنَّعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأسَه، وأَسرَعَ السَّيرَ حَتَّى أجازَ الوادِىَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الله بنِ محمدٍ المُسنَدِىِّ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥). فأَحَبَّ الخُروجَ مِن تِلكَ المَساكِنِ، وكَرِهَ المُقامَ بها إلا باكيًا، فدَخَلَ في ذَلِكَ المُقامُ لِلصَّلاةِ وغَيرِها، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك (٢١١٩ - رواية أبى مصعب)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٣١)، والبخاري (٤٤٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣٣)، ومسلم (٢٩٨٠/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) هو أحمد بن الوليد بن أحمد بن محمد أبو حامد ابن أبي العباس الزوزنى الواعظ الصوفى المحدث، روى عن الطبراني وغيره، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ ثقة، سمع الكثير ورحل في السماع، وأدرك الإسناد العالى، وأقام في آخر العمر بالبلد، سمع منه الجماعة واستفادوا منه ومن سماعه. توفى سنة (٤١٨ هـ). تاريخ جرجان (١٢١)، والمنتخب من السياق (١٧٦)، والأنساب ٣/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٤٢)، والبخاري (٣٣٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٧٠) من طريق معمر به. وأحمد (٥٧٠٥)، والبخاري (٣٣٨١) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٤١٩)، ومسلم (٢٩٨٠/ ٣٩).","vol":"5","page":192},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-958>جِماعُ أبوابِ السّاعاتِ الَّتِى تُكرَهُ فيها صَلاةُ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-959>بابُ النَّهي عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ وبَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ</span>\n\n٤٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا [أبو عمرَ] (^١) الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: شَهِدَ عِندِى رِجالٌ مَرضيّونَ فيهِم عمرُ، وأَرضاهُم عِندِى عُمَرُ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ أو قال: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تُشرِقَ الشَّمسُ، أو تَطلُعَ، وبَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ\" (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عمرَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العاليَةِ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حدَّثَنى أُناسٌ أعجَبُهُم إلَىَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، وعَنِ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"عمرو\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١٤٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨١)، ومسلم (٨٢٦/ ٢٨٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧١) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود =","vol":"5","page":193},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، وعَنِ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٤٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ (^٤) عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صَلاتَينِ: عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، وعَنِ الصَّلاةِ\n_________\n= (١٢٧٦)، والترمذي (١٨٣)، والنسائي (٥٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨١)، ومسلم (٨٢٦/ ٢٨٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٩٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٢١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٥٣)، والنسائي (٥٦٠)، وابن حبان (١٥٤٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٢٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٢: \"عن\".","vol":"5","page":194},{"text":"بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما تُشَدُّ الرِّحالُ إلى ثَلاثَةِ مَساجِدَ؛ مَسجِدِ إبراهيمَ، ومَسجِدِ محمدٍ، وبَيتِ المَقدِسِ\". ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةٍ في ساعَتَينِ؛ بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، وبَعدَ الغَداةِ حَتَّى تُشرِقَ الشَّمسُ، وعَن صَومِ يَومَينِ؛ يَومِ الفِطرِ ويَومِ الأضحَى، ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُسافِرَ المَرأَةُ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ إلا مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ وهِشامٍ (^٤). وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٥). وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِىِّ ويَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ المازِنِىِّ عن أبي سعيدٍ في النَّهىِ عن هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٤١) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (١٢٤٨) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٤)، ومسلم (١٥١١/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٠٩، ١١٤١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٩١ - ٢٧٩٣) من طريق سعيد وهشام به، وعند النسائي مختصر.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٢٧/ ٤١٨).\n(^٥) لم نجده من طريق شعبة عن قتادة، وسيأتي في (٢٠١٥٩) من طريق شعبة عن عبد الملك بن عمير. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (٤٢٧٩).\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٨٦، ١٩٩١)، ومسلم (٨٢٧، ٨٢٧/ ١٤١).","vol":"5","page":195},{"text":"٤٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن خَيرِ بنِ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن ابنِ هُبَيرَةَ يَعنِي عبدَ اللهِ، عن أبي تَميمٍ الجَيشانِىِّ، عن أبي بَصرَةَ الغِفارِىِّ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - العَصرَ بالمَخْمِصِ وقالَ: \"إنَّ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ عُرِضَت على مَن كان قَبلَكُم فضَيَّعوها، فمَن حافَظَ عَلَيها كان له أجرُه مَرَّتَينِ، ولا صَلاةَ بَعدَها حَتَّى يَطلُعَ الشّاهِدُ\" (^١). والشّاهِدُ النَّجمُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ حُمرانَ بنَ أبانٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن مُعاويَةَ قال: إنَّكُم لَتُصَلّونَ صَلاةً لَقَد صَحِبنا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فما رأَيناه يُصَلِّيها، ولَقَد نَهَى عَنها. يَعنِي الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ (^٣). رواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٢٠) عن قتيبة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٢١٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٠/ ٢٩٢).\n(^٣) أحمد (١٦٩٠٨). وأخرجه البخاري (٣٧٦٦) من طريق غندر به.","vol":"5","page":196},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبانٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٍ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ (^٢) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بكرٍ (^٣) عن شُعبَةَ.\n\n٤٤٣٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو التَّيّاحِ، عن مَعبَدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: خَطَبَ مُعاويَةُ - ﵁ - فقالَ: ألا ما بالُ أقوامٍ يُصَلّونَ صَلاةً، لَقَد صَحِبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فما رأيناه يُصَلِّيها، وقَد سَمِعناه يَنهَى عَنها، يَعنِي الرَّكعَتَينِ بعدَ العَصرِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥)، وكأنَّ أبا التَّيّاحِ سَمِعَه مِنهُما، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ قال: كان طاوُسٌ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ: اترُكْهُما. قَالَ: إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَنهُما أن تُتَّخَذَ سُلَّمًا (^٦). قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّه قَد نَهَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةٍ بَعدَ العَصرِ، فلا ندرِى (^٧) أتُعَذَّبُ عَلَيهِما أم تُؤجَرُ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تعالَى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٣٦٠)، والطبراني ١٩/ ٣٣٣ (٧٦٦) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بكير\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٠٥٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ٣٥٠، ٣٥١ (٨١٨) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٦) في جامع بيان العلم وفضله: \"سنة\".\n(^٧) في ص ٢: \"أدرى\".","vol":"5","page":197},{"text":"قال: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٣٦].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-960>بابُ النَّهىِ عن الصَّلاةِ عندَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وعِندَ غُروبِها</span>\n\n٤٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحسينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحسينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَتَحَرَّى أحَدُكُم فيُصَلِّى عندَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ ولا عندَ غُروبِها\" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَتَحَرَّوا بصَلاتِكُم\n_________\n(^١) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى الرزاز (٣٩). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في جامع بيان العلم وفضله (٢٣٣٩) من طريق سعدان به. والدارمى (٤٤٨)، والنسائي (٥٦٨) من طريق سفيان به. وعند النسائي بذكر المرفوع. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٥٤): صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٩٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٧، ومالك في ١/ ٢٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٨٨٥)، والنسائي (٥٦٢). وأخرجه البخاري (١٦٢٩)، والنسائي (٥٦٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٢٨/ ٢٨٩)، والبخاري (٥٨٥).","vol":"5","page":198},{"text":"طُلوعَ الشَّمسِ ولا غُروبَها؛ فإِنَّها تَطلُعُ بقَرنَىِ الشَّيطانِ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٣٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا طَلَعَ حاجِبُ الشَّمسِ فأخِّروا الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ، وإِذا غابَ حاجِبُ الشَّمسِ فأخِّروا الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى تَغيبَ\" (^٣)، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بشرٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ قال: حدَّثَنى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: وهِمَ عُمَرُ، إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُتَحَرَّى طُلوعُ الشَّمسِ وغُروبُها (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ (^٦). وإِنَّما قالَت ذَلِكَ واللهُ أعلَمُ؛ لأنَّها رأت\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١١٣٢) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٢)، ومسلم (٨٢٨/ ٢٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦١٢)، والنسائي (٥٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٣)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٦٧) من طريق يحيى به. والبخاري (٣٢٧٢، ٣٢٧٣)، ومسلم (٨٢٨/ ٢٩١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٨٣)، ومسلم (٨٢٨/ ٢٩١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣١)، والنسائي (٥٦٩) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٨٣٣/ ٢٩٥).","vol":"5","page":199},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، وكانَتا ممَّا ثَبَتَ عَنها وعَن أُمِّ سلمةَ قَضاءً (^١)، وكانَ - ﷺ - إذا عَمِلَ عَمَلًا أثبَتَه. فأَمّا النَّهىُ فهوَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - ثابِتٌ مِن جِهَةِ عمرَ وغَيرِه كما تَقَدَّمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-961>بابُ النَّهىِ عن الصَّلاةِ في هاتَينِ السّاعَتَينِ، وحينَ تَقومُ الظَّهيرَةُ حَتَّى تَميلَ</span>\n\n٤٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ اللَّخْمِىِّ، سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: ثَلاثُ ساعاتٍ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى أن نُصَلِّىَ فيهِنَّ أو نَقبُرَ فيهِنَّ مَوتانا؛ حينَ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ بازِغَةً حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ، وحينَ يَقومُ قائمُ الظَّهيرَةِ حَتَّى تَميلَ الشَّمسُ، وحينَ تَضَيَّفُ الشَّمسُ إلى الغُروبِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٤٦٣)، وسيأتي في (٤٤٥٠ - ٤٤٦٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٤٢٦، ٤٤٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٨٢)، والنسائي (٢٠١٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وأبو داود (٣١٩٢)، والترمذي (١٠٣٠)، والنسائي (٥٥٩)، وابن ماجه (١٥١٩) من طريق موسى به. وسيأتي في (٦٩٩٤).","vol":"5","page":200},{"text":"عن أبيه. فذكَره بمثلِه، إلا أنَّه قال: يَنهانا. وقالَ: الغُروبِ. ولَم يَقُلْ: قائمُ. وقالَ: حَتَّى تَميلَ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الصُّنابِحِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ تَطلُعُ ومَعَها قَرنُ الشَّيطانِ، فإِذا ارتَفَعَت فارَقَها، ثم إذا استَوَت قارَنَها، فإِذا زالَت فارَقَها، فإِذا دَنَت لِلغُروبِ قارَنَها، فإِذا غَرَبَت فارَقَها\". ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الصَّلاةِ في تِلكَ السّاعاتِ (^٢). كَذا رواه مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ. ورواه مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ الصُّنابِحِىِّ (^٣). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: الصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مَعمَرٍ، وهو أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصُّنابِحِىُّ واسمُه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُسَيلةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٣١).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٩٤)، والشافعي ١/ ٢١٩، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢٢١، ومالك ١/ ٢١٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٩٠٧٠)، والنسائي (٥٥٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٤٥): صحيح إلا قوله: فإذا استوت قارنها فإذا زالت فارقها.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٣) من طريق معمر به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٨٤: الحديث مرسل.\n(^٤) لم نجده في سننه ولا في العلل، وقد ذكر الترمذي الصنابحى واسمه في العلل عقب (١)، وينظر معرفة السنن والآثار ٢/ ٢٦٢ عقب (١٢٩٤).","vol":"5","page":201},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-962>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الذي يَجمَعُ النَّهىَ عن الصَّلاةِ في جَميعِ هَذِه السّاعاتِ</span>\n\n٤٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ، حدثنا شَدّادُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أبو عَمّارٍ ويَحيَى ابنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - قال عِكرِمَةُ: وقَد لَقِىَ شَدّادٌ أبا أُمامَةَ وواثِلَةَ، وصَحِبَ أنَسًا إلى الشّامِ، وأَثنَى عليه فضلًا وخَيرًا، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - قال: قال [عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ] (^١) السُّلَمِىُّ: كُنتُ وأَنا في الجاهِليَّةِ أظُنُّ أنَّ النّاسَ على ضَلالَةٍ، وأنَّهُم لَيسوا على شَئٍ وهُم يَعبُدونَ الأوثانَ. قال: فسَمِعتُ برَجُلٍ بمَكَّةَ يُخبِرُ أخبارًا، فقَعَدتُ على راحِلَتِى، فقَدِمتُ عليه فإِذا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُستَخفيًا، جُرَءاءُ عليه قَومُه، فتَلَطَّفتُ حَتَّى دَخَلتُ عليه بمَكَّةَ فقُلتُ له: ما أنتَ؟ قال: \"أنا نَبِىٌّ\". فقُلتُ: وما نَبِىٌّ؟ قال: \"أرسَلَنِي اللهُ\". فقُلتُ: بأَىِّ شَئٍ أرسَلَكَ؟ قال: \"أرسَلَنِي بصِلَةِ الأرحامِ، وكَسرِ الأوثانِ، وأن [تُوَحِّدَ اللهَ لا تُشرِكَ به شَيئًا] (^٢) \". فقُلتُ له: مَن مَعَكَ على هَذا؟ قال: \"حُرٌّ وعَبدٌ\". قال: ومَعَه يَومَئذٍ أبو بكرٍ وبِلالٌ مِمَّن آمَنَ به، فقُلتُ: إنِّي مُتَّبِعُكَ. قال: \"إنَّكَ لا تَستَطيعُ ذَلِكَ يَومَكَ هذا، ألا تَرَى حالِى وحالَ النّاسِ؟ ولَكِنِ ارجِعْ إلى أهلِكَ، فإِذا سَمِعتَ بي قَد ظَهَرتُ فأْتِنِي\". فذَهَبتُ إلى أهلِى، وقَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"عمر بن عنبسة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"يوحد الله لا يشرك به شيئًا\".","vol":"5","page":202},{"text":"وكُنتُ في أهلِى فجَعَلتُ أتَخَبَّرُ الأخبارَ، وأَسأَلُ كُلَّ مَن قَدِمَ مِنَ النّاسِ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلىَّ نَفَرٌ مِن أهلِ يَثرِبَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ فقُلتُ: ما فعَلَ هذا الرَّجُلُ الذي قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ؟ فقالوا: النّاسُ إلَيه سِراعٌ، وقَد أرادَ قَومُه قَتلَه، فلَم يَستَطيعوا ذَلِكَ. قال: فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ، فدَخَلتُ عليه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أتَعرِفُنِي؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ألَستَ الذي لَقيتَنِى بمَكَّةَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، أخبِرْنِى عَمّا عَلَّمَكَ اللهُ وأَجهَلُه، أخبِرْنِى عن الصَّلاةِ. قال: \"صَلِّ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، ثم أقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ، فإِنَّها تَطلُعُ حينَ تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ، وحَينَئذٍ يَسجُدُ لها الكُفّارُ، ثم صَلِّ، فالصَّلاةُ مَشهودَةٌ مَحضورَةٌ حَتَّى يَستَقِلَّ الظِّلُّ بالرُّمحِ، ثم أقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ، فإِنَّ حينَئذٍ تُسجَرُ جَهَنَّمُ، فإِذا أقبَلَ الفَئُ فصَلِّ، فإِنَّ الصَّلاةَ مَشهودَةٌ مَحضورَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ العَصرَ، ثم أقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، فإِنَّها تَغرُبُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ، وحَينَئذٍ تَسجُدُ لها الكُفّارُ\". قَالَ: قُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، فالوُضوءُ حَدِّثنِي عَنه. قال: \"ما مِنكُم رجلٌ يُقَرِّبُ وَضوءَه، فيُمَضمِضُ ويَستَنشِقُ فيَنتَثِرُ إلا خَرَّت خَطايا وجهِه مِن أطرافِ لِحيَتِه وخَياشيمِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَغسِلُ يَدَيه إلى المِرفَقَينِ إلا خَرَّت خَطايا يَدَيه مِن أنامِلِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَمسَحُ رأسَه إلا خَرَّت خَطايا رأسِه مِن أطرافِ شَعرِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم يَغسِلُ قَدَمَيه إلى الكَعبَينِ إلا خَرَّت خَطايا رِجلَيه مِن أنامِلِه مَعَ الماءِ، فإِنْ هو قامَ فصَلَّى فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عليه ومَجَّدَه بالَّذِى هو له أهلٌ وفَرَّغَ قَلبَه للهِ إلا انصَرَفَ مِن خَطيئَتِه كَهَيئَتِه يَومَ ولَدَته أُمُّه\". فحَدَّثَ عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ بهَذا الحديثِ أبا أُمامَةَ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ له أبو أُمامَةَ: يا عمرُو انظُرْ ماذا تَقولُ، في مَقامٍ واحِدٍ يُعطَى هذا الرَّجُلُ؟ فقالَ","vol":"5","page":203},{"text":"عمرٌو: يا أبا أُمامَةَ لَقَد كَبِرَت سِنِّى، ورَقَّ عَظمِى، واقتَرَبَ أجَلِى، وما بي حاجَةٌ أن أكذِبَ على اللهِ ولا على رسولِه، لَو لم أسمَعْه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلا مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا - حَتَّى عَدَّ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ - ما حَدَّثتُ به أبَدًا، ولَكِنِّى قَد سَمِعتُه أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَعقِرِىِّ عن النَّضرِ بنِ محمدٍ، إلا أنَّه زادَ في ذِكرِ الوُضوءِ عندَ قَولِه: \"فيَنتَثِرُ إلا خَرَّت خَطايا وجهِه وفيه وخَياشيمِه مَعَ الماءِ، ثم إذا غَسَلَ وجهَه كما أمَرَه اللهُ إلا خَرَّت خَطايا وجهِه مِن أطرافِ لِحيَتِه مَعَ الماءِ\" (^٢). وكأَنَّه سَقَطَ مِن كِتابِنا.\nوَلَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى سَلَّامٍ عن أبي أُمامَةَ:\n\n٤٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن العباسِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِىِّ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أىُّ اللَّيلِ أسمَعُ؟ قال: \"جَوفُ اللَّيلِ الآخِرِ، فصَلِّ ما شِئتَ؛ فإِنَّ الصَّلاةَ مَشهودَةٌ مَكتوبَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ الصُّبحَ، ثم أقصِرْ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فتَرتَفِعَ قِيسَ رُمحٍ (^٣) أو رُمحَينِ، فإِنَّها تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ ويُصَلِّى لها الكُفّارُ، ثم صَلِّ ما شِئتَ، فإِنَّ الصَّلاةَ مَشهودَةٌ مَكتوبَةٌ حَتَّى يَعدِلَ الرُّمحُ ظِلَّه، ثم أقصِرْ فإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ تُسجَرُ وتُفتَحُ أبوابُها، فإِذا زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ فصَلِّ ما شِئتَ، فإِنَّ الصَّلاةَ مَشهودَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠١٩) عن عكرمة عن شداد عن أبي أمامة به مطولًا. وتقدم في (٣٨٣) من طريق النضر بن محمد، وسيأتي في (١٣٢٢٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٢).\n(^٣) قيس رمح: أي قدر رمح. النهاية ٥/ ١٣١.","vol":"5","page":204},{"text":"العَصرَ، ثم أقصِرْ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، فإِنَّها تَغرُبُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ فيُصَلِّى لها الكُفّارُ\". قال: وقَصَّ حَديثًا طَويلًا (^١).\n\n٤٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدَّثَنى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سألَ صَفوانُ بنُ المُعَطَّلِ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي سائلُكَ عن أمرٍ أنتَ به عالِمٌ وأَنا به جاهِلٌ، هَل مِن ساعاتِ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ ساعَةٌ تُكرَهُ فيها الصَّلاةُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، إذا صَلَّيتَ الصُّبحَ فدَعِ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، فإِنَّها تَطلُعَ بَينَ قَرنَىِ الشَّيطانِ، ثم الصَّلاةُ مَحضورَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى تَستَوِىَ الشَّمسُ على رأسِكَ كالرُّمحِ، فإِذا استَوَت على رأسِكَ كالرُّمحِ فدَعِ الصَّلاةَ، فإِنَّ تِلكَ السّاعَةَ تُسجَرُ فيها جَهَنَّمُ، وتُفتَحُ فيها أبوابُها حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ عن جانِبِكَ الأيمَنِ، فإِذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ فالصَّلاةُ مَحضورَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ العَصرَ، ثم دَعِ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ\" (^٢).\nورواه عِياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ القُرَشِىُّ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه لم يُسَمِّ السّائلَ، وزادَ في آخِرِه: \"ثم الصَّلاةُ مَشهودَةٌ مَحضورَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ الصُّبحَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٧٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٠) عن الربيع بن نافع به مطولًا. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٣٧): صحيح دون جملة: جوف الليل.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٥٢)، وابن حبان (١٥٤٢) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٥٥٠) من طريق عياض به.","vol":"5","page":205},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-963>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أنَّ هذا النَّهىَ مَخصوصٌ ببَعضِ الصَّلَواتِ دونَ بَعضٍ، وأَنَّه يَجوزُ في هَذِه السّاعاتِ كُلُّ صَلاةٍ لَها سَبَبٌ</span>\n\n٤٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو سلمةَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها لا كَفّارَةَ لها غَيرُ ذَلِكَ\". وحَدَّثَنا بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فزادَ فيه: \" ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ [طه: ١٤] \" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سلمةَ موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَكّامٍ، حدثنا المُثَنَّى القَصيرُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا رَقَدَ أحَدُكُم عن الصَّلاةِ أو غَفَلَ عَنها، فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ \". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُثَنَّى، وفِي حَديثِ سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، فإِنَّ اللهَ تعالَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٤٨)، وأبو داود (٤٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٣)، وابن حبان (٢٦٤٨) من طريق همام به. وتقدم في (٣٢٢٢، ٣٢٢٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٧)، ومسلم (٦٨٤/ ٣١٤).","vol":"5","page":206},{"text":"يقولُ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ \" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ والمُثَنَّى بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَفَلَ مِن غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ. فذكَر الحديثَ، وفِي آخِرِه قال: \"مَن نَسِىَ صَلاةً فليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، فإِنَّ اللهَ تعالَى قال: (أقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِلذِّكرَى) (^٣) \". قال يونُسُ: وكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يَقرَؤُها كَذَلِكَ (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n٤٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ قَيسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن قَيسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٠٩) من طريق المثنى به. وأحمد (١١٩٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٩٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٤/ ٣١٥، ٣١٦).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٢: \"لذكرى\"، وهي الآية (١٤) من سورة طه.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٢١٩). وقراءة ابن شهاب شاذة. ينظر مختصر الشواذ لابن خالويه ص ٩٠.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٨٠/ ٣٠٩).","vol":"5","page":207},{"text":"جَدِّ سَعدٍ قال: رآنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أُصَلِّى رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فقالَ: \"ما هاتانِ الرَّكعَتانِ يا قَيسُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي لم أكُنْ صَلَّيتُ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ، فهُما هاتانِ الرَّكعَتانِ، فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. زادَ الحُمَيدِىُّ في حَديثِه: قال سُفيانُ: وكانَ عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ يَروِى هذا الحديثَ عن سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n٤٤٤٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ أخو يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ قَهدٍ قال: أبصَرَنِى النبيُّ - ﷺ - وأَنا أُصَلِّى الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ. فذكَر مَعناه، وذكَر قَولَ سُفيانَ. كَذا قال: قَيسُ بنُ قَهدٍ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن سَعدٍ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتينِ عنه (^٢)، وقالَ في رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه: قَيسُ بنُ عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n٤٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٠٩)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٩، والحميدى (٨٦٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١١٦) من طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه الترمذي (٤٢٢) من طريق سعد بن سعيد. وقال: ليس بمتصل محمد بن إبراهيم لم يسمع من قيس.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٥ من طريق ابن نمير به، وفيه: عن قيس بن فهد قال: رأى رسول الله - ﷺ - رجلًا يصلى بعد صلاة الصبح. . .\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٦٠)، وأبو داود (١٢٦٧)، وابن ماجه (١١٥٤) من طريق ابن نمير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٢٨).","vol":"5","page":208},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرٍ (^١)، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ وعَبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ الأزهَرِ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أرسَلوه إلى عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالوا: اقرأْ ﵍ مِنّا جَميعًا، وسَلْها عن الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، إنّا أُخبِرْنا أنَّكِ تُصَلِّيها، وقَد بَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عَنها. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: وكُنتُ أضرِبُ النّاسَ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - عَلَيها. قال كُرَيبٌ: فدَخَلتُ عَلَيها وبَلَّغتُها ما أرسَلونِى به (^٢) فقالَت: سَلْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ. فخَرَجتُ إلَيهِم فأَخبَرتُهُم بقَولِها، فرَدّونِى إلى أُمِّ سلمةَ بمِثلِ ما أرسَلونِى به إلى عائشةَ، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عَنها، ثم رأيتُه يُصَلِّيها، أمَّا حينَ صَلَّاهُما فإِنَّه صَلَّى العَصرَ، ثم دَخَلَ وعِندِى نِسوَةٌ مِن بني حَرامٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فصَلَّاهُما، فأَرسَلتُ إلَيه الجاريَةَ فقُلتُ: قُومِى بجَنبِه وقولِى له: تَقولُ أُمُّ سلمةَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي أسمَعُكَ تَنهَى عن هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ، وأَراكَ تُصَلّيهِما، فإِن أشارَ بيَدِه فاستأخِرِى عَنه. قالَت: ففَعَلَتِ الجاريَةُ فأَشارَ بيَدِه فاستأخَرَت عنه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"يا بنتَ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، سألتِ عن الرَّكعَتَينِ بعدَ العَصرِ، إنَّه أتانِي أُناسٌ مِن عبدِ القَيسِ بالإِسلامِ مِن قَومِهِم، فشَغَلونِي عن الرَّكعَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ بعدَ الظُّهرِ فهُما هاتانِ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سليمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بكر\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"إلى عائشة - ﵂ -\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٤٦٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٧٠)، ومسلم (٨٣٤).","vol":"5","page":209},{"text":"٤٤٥١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سَلمَةَ، عن أُمِّ سَلمَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بَعدَ العَصرِ قَطُّ إلا مَرَّةً، جاءَه قَومٌ فشَغَلوه فلَم يُصَلِّ بَعدَ الظُّهرِ شَيئًا، فلَمّا صَلَّى العَصرَ دَخَلَ بَيتِى فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٤٤٥٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الجُدِّىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى على الخُمْرَةِ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٥٣ - قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: وحَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ سلمةَ أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، قُلتُ: هاتانِ الصَّلاتانِ لم تَكُنْ تُصَلّيهِما؟ قال: \"أتانِى ما (^٣) شغَلَنِي (^٤) عن رَكعَتَينِ بعدَ الظُّهرِ فهُما هاتانِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٣٩٧٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٦٤٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٧٨) من طريق معمر به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٨٨: هذا على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٢) في م: \"الخمر\". والخمر: جمع خُمرة. وهي مقدار ما يضع الرجل عليه وجهه في سجوده من حصير أو نسيجة خوص. القاموس المحيط ٢/ ٢٤ (خ م ر)، والنهاية ٢/ ٧٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٦٣) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) في المهذب ٢/ ٨٨٨: \"مال\".\n(^٤) في ص ٢: \"يشغلنى\"، وفي م: \"أشغلنى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه بنحوه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣٠٨٤)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٠٢ =","vol":"5","page":210},{"text":"اتَّفَقَت هَذِه الأخبارُ على أنَّ أوَّلَ ما صَلَّاهُما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، صَلَّاهُما قَضاءً لِصَلاةٍ كان يُصَلّيها فأَغفَلَها، وإِن لم تَكُنْ فرضًا، ثم إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أثبَتَها لِنَفسِه بَعدَ العَصرِ، وكانَ إذا صَلَّى صَلاةً أثبَتَها.\n\n٤٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَرمَلَةَ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ، أنَّه سألَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن السَّجدَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلّيهِما بَعدَ العَصرِ فقالَت: كان يُصَلّيهِما قَبلَ العَصرِ، ثم إنَّه شُغِلَ عَنهُما أو نَسيَهُما فصَلَّاهُما بَعدَ العَصرِ، ثم أثبَتَهُما، وكانَ إذا صَلَّى صَلاةً أثبَتَها (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطّوسِىُّ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّاذْياخِىُّ وأبو صادَقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ اللَّيثِىُّ المَدَنِىُّ، عن هِشامٍ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: واللهِ ما تَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n= من طريق حماد به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٨٨: إسناده قوى.\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٧٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٥/ ٢٩٨).","vol":"5","page":211},{"text":"رَكعَتَينِ عِندِى بَعدَ العَصرِ قَطُّ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٥٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً سنةَ أربَعِمائَةٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعٍ قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، ويُخبِرُ أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أخبرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لم يَدخُلْ بَيتَها إلا صَلَّاهُما (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: رأيتُ الأسوَدَ ومَسروقًا شَهِدا على عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يأتينِي في يَومٍ بَعدَ العَصرِ إلا صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٥). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣٥)، والنسائي (٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (١٥٧٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩١)، ومسلم (٨٣٥/ ٢٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٤٩٨)، وأبو عوانة (٢١١٢) عن الزعفرانى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٣١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٢٧)، وأبو داود (١٢٧٩)، والنسائي (٥٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٥٧١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٩٣)، ومسلم (٨٣٥/ ٣٠١).","vol":"5","page":212},{"text":"٤٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِي الصِّدّيقَةُ بنتُ الصِّدّيقِ حَبيبَةُ حَبيبِ اللهِ المُبَرَّأَةُ رَضِىَ اللهُ تعالَى عَنها، أنَّه ﵊ كان يُصَلّيهِما، الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ (^١).\n\n٤٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّه دَخَلَ عَلَيها يَسأَلُها عن رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ فقالَت: والَّذِى هو ذَهَبَ بنَفسِه - تَعنِي رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما تَرَكَهُما حَتَّى لَقِىَ اللهَ ﷿، وما لَقِىَ اللهَ حَتَّى ثَقُلَ عن الصَّلاةِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى كَثيرًا مِن صَلاتِه وهو قاعِدٌ أو جالِسٌ. فقالَ لَها: إنَّ عمرَ - ﵁ - كان يَنهَى عَنهُما ويَضرِبُ عَلَيهِما. فَقالَت: صَدَقتَ، ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلّيهِما، ولا يُصَلّيهِما في المَسجِدِ مَخافَةَ أن يُثقِلَ على أُمَّتِه، وكانَ يُحِبُّ ما يُخَفِّفُ عَنهُم (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبى شيبة (٧٤٢٤) عن جعفر بن عون به، وأحمد (٢٦٠٤٤) من طريق أبى الضحى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٣)، وإسحاق بن راهويه (١٢٩٨)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٧٦٢) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وعند أحمد بذكر الصلاة جالسا فحسب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٩٠).","vol":"5","page":213},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن ذَكوانَ مَولَى عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها حَدَّثَته، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى بَعدَ العَصرِ ويَنهَى عَنها، ويواصِلُ ويَنهَى عن الوِصالِ (^١).\nففِى هذا وفِي بَعضِ ما مَضَى إشارَةٌ إلى اختِصاصِه - ﷺ - باستِدامَةِ هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ وُقوعِ القَضاءِ بما فعَلَ في بَيتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، وقَد مَضَى في رِوايَةِ طاوُسٍ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُتَحَرَّى طُلوعُ الشَّمسِ وغُروبُها (^٢). وكأنَّها لَمّا رأته - ﷺ - أثبَتَهُما حَمَلَتِ النَّهىَ على هاتَينِ السّاعَتَينِ، والنَّهىُ ثابِتٌ فيهِما وقَبلَهُما كما مَضَى، فحَملُ ذَلِكَ على اختِصاصِه بذَلِكَ أولَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن عليٍّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على جَوازِها إذا صُلّيَتِ العَصرُ في أوَّلِ الوَقتِ:\n\n٤٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالٍ يَعنِى ابنَ يِسافٍ، عن وهبِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُصَلُّوا بعدَ العَصرِ، إلا أن تُصَلُّوا والشَّمسُ نَقيَّةٌ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٨٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٤٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٥٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٥)، وابن حبان (١٥٤٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن عن سفيان وشعبة به.","vol":"5","page":214},{"text":"وقالَ شُعبَةُ عن مَنصورٍ في هذا الحديثِ: \"والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ\":\n\n٤٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ بنَ يِسافٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن وهبِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُصَلُّوا بعدَ العَصرِ، إلا أن تُصَلّوا والشَّمسُ مُرتَفِعَةٌ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الطَّيالِسِىِّ.\nوهَذا وإِن كان أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ أخرَجَه في كِتابِ \"السنن\" فلَيسَ بمُخَرَّجٍ في كِتابِ البُخارِىِّ ومُسلِمٍ. ووَهبُ بنُ الأجدَعِ لَيسَ مِن شَرطِهِما، وهَذا حَديثُ واحِدٍ، وما مَضَى في النَّهىِ عَنهُما مُمتَدًّا إلى غُروبِ الشَّمسِ حَديثُ عَدَدٍ، فهوَ أولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا. وقَد رُوِى عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - ما يُخالِفُ هذا، ورُوِى ما يوافِقُه، أمَّا الذي يُخالِفُه في الظّاهِرِ ففيما:\n\n٤٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ في دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ مَكتوبَةٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٧٤)، والطيالسى (١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٤) من طريق شعبة. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٠: إسناده مع نكارته صحيح، فإن وهبا كبير يروى عن عمر وعلى، حدث عنه الشعبي أيضًا.","vol":"5","page":215},{"text":"إلا الفَجرَ والعَصرَ (^١).\nوأَمّا الذي يوافِقُه ففيما:\n\n٤٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفَ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - في سَفَرٍ، فصَلَّى بنا العَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم دَخَلَ فُسطاطَه وأَنا أنظُرُ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\nوقَد حَكَى الشافعيُّ ﵀ هَذِه الأحاديثَ الثَّلاثَةَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - ثم قال: هَذِه أحاديثٌ يُخالِفُ بَعضُها بَعضًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: فالواجِبُ عَلَينا اتِّباعُ ما لم يَقَعْ فيه الخِلافُ، ثم يَكونُ مَخصوصًا بما لا سَبَبَ لَها مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ، ويَكونُ ما لَها سَبَبٌ مُستَثناةً مِنَ النَّهىِ بخَبَرِ أُمِّ سلمةَ وغَيرِها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ كان يُصَلِّى على الجَنائزِ بَعدَ العَصرِ وبَعدَ الصُّبحِ إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٢)، وأبو داود (١٢٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٤١)، وابن خزيمة (١١٩٦) من طريق سفيان به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٦٧ من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٧٤٢٢)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٠٩٥) من طريق إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٠: عاصم لا يعتمد عليه.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٧/ ١٦٧.","vol":"5","page":216},{"text":"صُلِّيَتا (^١) لِوَقتِهِما (^٢).\n\n٤٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ وحَرمَلَةُ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - على عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - حينَ صَلَّوُا الصُّبحَ (^٣).\nوروِى عن أبي لُبابَةَ مَروانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ والشَّمسُ على أطرافِ الحِيطانِ (^٤).\nوكَرِهَ الصَّلاةَ على الجِنازَةِ جَماعَةٌ مِنهُم عندَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وعِندَ غُروبِها:\n\n٤٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ حَفصٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عمرَ في جِنازَةِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ يقولُ: إن لم تُصَلّوا عليه حَتَّى تَطفُلَ (^٥) الشَّمسُ، فلا تُصَلّوا عليه حَتَّى تَغيبَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"صلينا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٣١) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به. ومالك ١/ ٢٢٩، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٦١).\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢١٤، وفيه عبد العزيز بن عمران. بدلًا من: عبد العزيز وحرملة.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٤٢٩)، ويحيى بن معين في تاريخه ٤/ ١٩١ (٣٨٩٨ - رواية الدورى) من طريق أبي لبابة به.\n(^٥) طفلت الشمس: احمرت عند الغروب ودنت له. التاج ٢٩/ ٣٧٣ (ط ف ل).\n(^٦) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٦ من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٥٦٤)، =","vol":"5","page":217},{"text":"٤٤٦٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، [حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي حَرمَلَةَ مَولَى عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ] (^١) بنِ حوَيطِبٍ، أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سلمةَ توُفّيَت وطارِقٌ أميرُ المَدينَةِ، فأُتِىَ بجِنازَتِها (^٢) بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فوُضِعَت بالبَقيعِ. قال: وكانَ طارِقٌ يُغَلِّسُ بالصُّبحِ. قال ابنُ أبي حَرمَلَةَ: فسَمِعَتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ يقولُ لأهلِها: إمّا أن تُصَلّوا على جِنازَتِكُمُ الآنَ، وإِمّا أن تَتَرُكوها حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ (^٣).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن أبي بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ (^٤) وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ الأنصارِىِّ. واحتَجَّ بَعضُ مَن ذَهَبَ إلى هذا القَولِ بحَديثِ عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّهىِ عن الصَّلاةِ وعَنِ القَبرِ في السّاعاتِ الثَّلاثِ (^٥). وذَلِكَ حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٤٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ واللَّفظُ لَهُما قالا: أخبرَنا\n_________\n= وابن أبي شيبة (١١٤٣٦) من طريق أبى بكر به.\n(^١) سقط من: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٢: \"فجاز بها\".\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٦ مختصرًا، ومالك ١/ ٢٢٩، ومن طريقه ابن سعد ٨/ ٤٦١، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٤/ ٤١٩، ١٠/ ١٤٢، ١٤٣.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٦٩٩٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٤٤٣٩، ٤٤٤٠).","vol":"5","page":218},{"text":"الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ كَعبٍ وكانَ قائدَ كَعبٍ مِن بَيْتِه حينَ عَمِىَ قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بطولِه في تَوبَتِهِ. قال: ثم صَلَّيتُ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ صَباحَ خَمسينَ لَيلَةً على ظَهرِ بَيتٍ مِن بُيوتِنا، فبَينا أنا جالِسٌ على الحالِ الَّتِي ذكَر اللهُ ﷿ مِنّا قَد ضاقَت عَلَىَّ نَفسِى، وضاقَت عَلَىَّ الأرضُ بما رَحُبَت سَمِعتُ صَوتَ صارِخٍ أوفَى على جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ، يقولُ بأَعلَى صَوتِه: يا كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ أبشِرْ. قال: فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا وعَرَفتُ أنَّه قَد جاءَ فرَجٌ، وآذَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بتَوبَةِ اللهِ عَلَينا حينَ صَلَّى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ، فذَهَبَ النّاسُ يُبَشِّرونَنا. وذكَر الحديثَ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي طاهِرٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورواه البخاريُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\nثم ظاهِرُ هذا أنَّه سَجَدَ سُجودَ الشُّكرِ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ وقَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، وسُجودُ التِّلاوَةِ مَقيسٌ عليه، وقَد كَرِهَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرَ فيما رُوِى عنه (^٣)، وهَذا أولَى؛ لِثُبوتِه وكَونِه في مَعنَى ما ثَبَتَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في قَضاءِ الرَّكعَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ شَغَلَه عَنهُما الوَفدُ بَعدَ العَصرِ، وكُلُّ صَلاةٍ وسُجودٍ له سَبَبٌ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٣٩٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٦٩/ ٥٣)، والبخاري (٦٦٩٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٨٣٥).","vol":"5","page":219},{"text":"يَكونُ مَقيسًا عَلَيهِما، واللهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-964>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أنَّ هذا النَّهىَ مَخصوصٌ ببَعضِ الأمكِنَةِ دونَ بَعضٍ</span>\n\n٤٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ وابنُ قَعنَبٍ قالا: حدثنا سُفيانُ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سمِع عبدَ اللهِ بنَ باباهُ يُحَدِّثُ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا بني عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - أو يا بني عبدِ مَنافٍ - إن وُلّيتُم مِن هذا الأمرِ شَيئًا فلا تَمنَعوا أحَدًا طافَ بهَذا البَيتِ وصَلَّى أيَّةَ ساعَةٍ شاءَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِىِّ.\n\n٤٤٧١ - [وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ باباهُ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا بني عبدِ مَنافٍ، مَن ولِىَ] (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٧٦)، وفي المعرفة (١٣١٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٨، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢٠٦، والحميدى (٥٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣٦)، وأبو داود (١٨٩٤)، والترمذي (٨٦٨)، والنسائي (٥٨٤)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":220},{"text":"[مِنكُم مِن أمرِ النّاسِ شَيئًا، فلا تَمنَعوا أحَدًا طافَ بهَذا البَيتِ وصَلَّى أىَّ ساعَةٍ شاءَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ] (^١) \" (^٢). أقامَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ إسنادَه، ومَن خالَفَه في إسنادِه لا يُقاوِمُه، فرِوايَةُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ أولَى أن تَكونَ مَحفوظَةً، واللهُ أعلَمُ. وقَد رُوِى مِن أوجُهٍ عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ عن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣)، وعَن عَطاءٍ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٤). فإِن كان المُرادَ بالصَّلاةِ المَذكورَةِ مَعَ الطَّوافِ رَكعَتا الطَّوافِ، كان المَعنَى في (^٥) جَوازِها أنَّها صَلاةٌ لَها سَبَبٌ، فرَجَعَ إلى البابِ الأوَّلِ في التَّخصيصِ، وإِن كان المُرادَ بها سائرُ النَّوافِلِ عادَ التَّخَصيصُ إلى المَكانِ، والأوَّلُ أشبَهُهُما بالآثارِ.\nوقَد رُوِى في تَقويَةِ الوَجه الثّانِى خَبَرٌ مُنقَطِعٌ في ثُبوتِه نَظَرٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ:\n\n٤٤٧٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الخُوارِزْمِىُّ ببَيتِ المَقدِسِ، حدثنا ابنُ مِقلاصٍ يَعنِي عبدَ العَزيزِ بنَ عِمرانَ بنِ مِقلاصٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشافعيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، عن حُمَيدٍ مَولَى عَفراءَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه قامَ فأَخَذَ بحَلْقَةِ بابِ الكَعبَةِ، ثم\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٧٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٢٤، ٤٢٥ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠٠٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٨ من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٥) في م: \"من\".","vol":"5","page":221},{"text":"قال: مَن عَرَفَنِى فقَد عَرَفَنِى، ومَن لم يَعرِفْنِى فأَنا جُندُبٌ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، ولا صَلاةَ بعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، إلا بمَكَّةَ إلا بمَكَّةَ إلا بمَكَّةَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٤٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ ابنُ سَختُويَه، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -، فأَخَذَ بحَلْقَةِ بابِ الكَعبَةِ ثم نادَى بصَوتِه الأعلَى: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذكَر بمَعناه (^٢).\nورواه سَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، عن حُمَيدٍ مَولَى عَفراءَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، لم يَذكُرْ قَيسَ بنَ سَعدٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الشافعيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ.\nوهَذا الحَديثُ يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، إلا أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ طَهمانَ قَد تابَعَه في ذَلِكَ عن حُمَيدٍ وأَقامَ إسنادَه:\n\n٤٤٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٧٥). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٢٤، ٤٢٥ من طريق الشافعي به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٤٧) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به. وفيه: قيس بن سعيد. بدلًا من: قيس بن سعد.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٤٨) من طريق سعيد بن سالم به.\n(^٤) هو عبد الله بن المؤمل بن وهب الله القرشي المخزومى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء للعقيلى ٢/ ٣٠٢، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٧٥، والكامل ٤/ ١٤٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٨٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٥٤: ضعيف الحديث.","vol":"5","page":222},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ هو ابنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ مَولَى عَفراءَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: جاءَنا أبو ذَرٍّ، فأَخَذَ بحَلْقَةِ البابِ، ثم قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ بأُذُنَىَّ هاتَينِ: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، ولا بعدَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، إلا بمَكَّةَ إلا بمَكَّةَ إلا بمَكَّةَ\". حُمَيدٌ الأعرَجُ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^١)، ومُجاهِدٌ لا يَثبُتُ له سَماعٌ مِن أبى ذَرٍّ. وقَولُه: جاءَنا، يَعنِي: جاءَ بَلَدَنا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مُجاهِدٍ:\n\n٤٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ العُصفُرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحَرَشِىُّ، حدَّثَنى اليَسَعُ بنُ طَلحَةَ القُرَشِىُّ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: بَلَغَنا أنَّ أبا ذَرٍّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -[أخَذَ بحَلْقَتَىِ الكَعبَةِ] (^٢) يقولُ ثَلاثًا: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ العَصرِ إلا بمَكَّةَ\" (^٣). اليَسَعُ بنُ طَلحَةَ قَد ضَعَّفوه (^٤)، والحَديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ؛ مُجاهِدٌ\n_________\n(^١) حميد بن قيس أبو صفوان مولى بني أسد بن عبد العزى الأعرج. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٥٢، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٢٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٨٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٤٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٠٣: ليس به بأس.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٤٤. وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٤٩٠) من طريق اليسع به.\n(^٤) اليسع بن طلحة المكي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ١٢٣، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٤٤، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ١٤٥، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٢٨، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٩٨.","vol":"5","page":223},{"text":"لم يُدرِكْ أبا ذَرٍّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِى في تَقويَةِ الوَجهِ الأوَّلِ خَبَرٌ ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٤٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ (^١) المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى راشِدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، ولا بعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، مَن طافَ فليُصَلِّ أىَّ حينٍ طافَ\" (^٢). قال [أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا يَرويه عن عَطاءٍ سَعيدٌ، وزادَ في مَتنِه: \"مَن طافَ فليُصَلِّ أيَّ حينٍ طافَ\"] (^٣). قال: وهو يُحَدِّثُ عن عَطاءٍ وغَيرِه بما لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ. قال الشيخُ: وذكَره البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" وقالَ: لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ صاحِبُ البُخارِيِّ وعَبدُ اللهِ البَغَوِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، قال أحَدُهُما: الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعٍ قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَطوفُ بَعدَ الفَجرِ فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن\".\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٢٥.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩٢ - ٤٩٤. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٣: وهو مجهول.","vol":"5","page":224},{"text":"٤٤٧٨ - قالَ عَبيدَةُ: وقالَ عبدُ العَزيزِ: ورأَيتُ. وقالَ ابنُ صالِحٍ: رأَيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، ويُخبِرُ أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - حَدَّثَته أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لم يَدخُلْ بَيتَها إلا صَلَّاها. وقالَ ابنُ صالِحٍ: إلا صَلَّاهُما (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ نَصرٍ (ح) [وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفرايينيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ] (^٣)، حدثنا علُّي بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلَّمِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ ناسًا طافوا بالبَيتِ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، ثم جَلَسوا إلى المُذَكِّرِ (^٤)، فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: قَعَدوا حَتَّى إذا حانَت ساعَةٌ يُكرَهُ فيها الصَّلاةُ قاموا يُصَلّونَ (^٥). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحسنِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ شَقيقٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، وزادَ في مَتنِه: ثم قَعَدوا إلى المُذَكِّرِ حَتَّى إذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ قاموا يُصَلّونَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٣٠، ١٦٣١).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٤) في س: \"الذكر\". قال ابن حجر: المذكِّر أي الواعظ، وضبطه ابن الأثير في النهاية بالتخفيف بفتح أوله وثالثه وسكون ثانيه (المَذْكَر) قال: وأرادت موضع الذكر. ينظر فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٨٩، والنهاية ٢/ ١٦٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٤٣٠) من طريق حبيب به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٩٥٥) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٦) البخاري (١٦٢٨).","vol":"5","page":225},{"text":"وكأَنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أباحَت رَكعَتَىِ الطَّوافِ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، وكَرِهَتهُما عندَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٨٠ - [وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما [قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ] (^١)، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: رأَيتُ أنا وعَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ ابنَ عمرَ طافَ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ وصَلَّى قَبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ] (^٢).\n\n٤٤٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّه سمِع عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرَ طافَ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، ثم رَكَعَ. فَذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِنافِعٍ، فقالَ نافِعٌ: كَذَبَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ على ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه أيضًا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وهَذا التَّكذيبُ غَيرُ مَقبولٍ مِن نافِعٍ، وكأنَّه لم يَعلَمْ (^٤) عَدالَةَ مَن رواه عن ابنِ عمرَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) سقط من: م. وهو عند المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢٠)، والشافعي في الرسالة (٩٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠١١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٩٧) من طريق عطاء به. وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة قول نافع.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٢: \"يقبل\".","vol":"5","page":226},{"text":"مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ، ولَو عَلِمَها لأشبَهَ أن يُصدِّقَ ولا يُكَذِّبَ، وكانَ ابنُ عمرَ يُجيزُ الصَّلاةَ على الجِنازَةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ وبَعدَ الصُّبحِ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ رَكعَتا الطَّوافِ، وإِنَّما النَّهيُ عندَه عن تَحَرِّى طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وغُروبِها بالصَّلاةِ، فما رواه أهلُ مَكَّةَ عنه في رَكعَتَىِ الطَّوافِ لائقٌ بمَذهَبِه، واللَّهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٤٨٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِىِّ (^٢)، عن أبي شُعبَةَ (^٣)، أنَّ الحَسَنَ والحُسَينَ طافا بَعدَ العَصرِ وصَلَّيا (^٤).\n\n٤٤٨٣ - وبِإِسنادِه أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - طافَ بَعدَ العَصرِ وصَلَّى (^٥).\n\n٤٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سابقٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ باباهُ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٦٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الذهبي\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٥١٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢١)، والشافعي في الرسالة (٩٠٢). وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٤٩٩) من طريق سفيان. والطبراني (٢٦٨٧) من طريق عمار به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٣/ ٢٤٥: فيه أبو شعبة لم أجد من ترجمه.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢٢) والشافعي في الرسالة (٩٠٣).","vol":"5","page":227},{"text":"طافَ بَعدَ العَصرِ عندَ مَغارِبِ الشَّمسِ، [فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ] (^١) غُروبِ الشَّمسِ، فقيلَ له: يا أبا الدَّرداءِ أنتُم أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَقولونَ: لا صَلاةَ بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ. فقالَ: إنَّ هَذِه البَلدَةَ بَلدَةٌ لَيسَت كَغَيرِها (^٢). وهَذا القَولُ مِن أبى الدَّرداءِ يوجِبُ تَخصيصَ المَكانِ بذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِى في فِعلِهِما بَعدَ الطَّوافِ في هذا الوَقتِ عن طاوُسٍ والقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣). وقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: إذا طُفتَ فصَلِّ (^٤).\nورُوِى عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ أنَّهُم كانوا يُؤَخِّرونَهُما حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ وتَرتَفِعَ:\n\n٤٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى المَدائنِيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِيِّ قال: صَلَّى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الصُّبحَ بمَكَّةَ، ثم طافَ سَبعًا، ثم خَرَجَ وهو يُريدُ المَدينَةَ، فلَمّا كان بذِى طُوًى وطَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"وصلى الركعتين عند\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٤٠٦)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٥٠٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٨٦ من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٩٥) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٠٠٦)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٤٠٤)، وأخبار مكة للفاكهى (٣٩٠).\n(^٤) ينظر أخبار مكة للفاكهى (٣٩٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد في العلل ٣/ ٣٩٠ (٥٧١٣)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٥٢٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"5","page":228},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رواه الحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ (^١)، والصَّحيحُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ.\n\n٤٤٨٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ عَبدٍ القارِىَّ أخبرَه، أنَّه طافَ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بالكَعبَةِ، فلَمّا قَضَى عُمَرُ طَوافَه نَظَرَ فلَم يَرَ الشَّمسَ، فرَكِبَ حَتَّى أناخَ بذِى طُوًى فسَبَّحَ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). وهَكَذا رواه مَعمَرٌ وغَيرُه عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٤٨٧ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّافِقِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى قراءةً، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ. فذكَر الحديثَ بمِثلِ رِوايَةِ المَدائنِىِّ، قال يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى: قال لِي الشافعيُّ ﵀ في هذا الحديثِ: اتَّبَعَ سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ في قَولِه: الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ. المَجَرَّةَ. يُريدُ لُزومَ الطَّريقِ. قال عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ محمدٍ: وذَلِكَ أنَّ مالِكًا ويونُسَ وغَيرَهُما رَوَوُا الحديثَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن] (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٢٣ عن الحميدي به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٧٤)، ومالك ١/ ٣٦٨، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٨٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠٠٨) عن معمر به.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":229},{"text":"[حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِيِّ، عن عمرَ. فأَرادَ الشافعيُّ أنَّ سُفيانَ وهِمَ، وأَنَّ الصَّحيحَ ما رواه مالِكٌ] (^١) (^٢).\n\n٤٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ، فطافَ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ، فقُلنا: انظُروا الآنَ كَيفَ يَصنَعُ، أيُصَلِّى أم لا؟ قال: فجَلَسَ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ ثم صَلَّى (^٣).\n\n٤٤٨٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَوضِيُّ وأبو الوَليدِ قالا: أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نَصرِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن جَدِّه مُعاذِ ابنِ عَفراءَ، أنَه كان يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ بَعدَ العَصرِ فلا يُصَلِّى، فقالَ له مُعاذٌ رجلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ: ما لَكَ لا تُصَلِّى؟ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الصَّلاتَينِ؛ بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، وبَعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣١٧). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٨٧ عن يونس به مقتصرًا على حكاية فعل عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠١٠)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٥٢٢) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٤١٢) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ١٧٦ (٣٧٧) من طريق حفص بن عمر الحوضى به. وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٣/ ٢٧، ٢٨ من طريق أبى الوليد به.","vol":"5","page":230},{"text":"ورواه أبو داودَ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ: عن جَدِّه، أنَّه طافَ مَعَ مُعاذِ ابنِ عَفراءَ (^١). وهَذا يَكونُ مَحمولًا على أنَّه لم يَبلُغْه التَّخصيصُ، ولَو بَلَغَه لَصارَ إلَيه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-965>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أنَّ هذا النَّهىَ مَخصوصٌ ببَعضِ الأيّامِ دونَ بَعضٍ، فيَجوزُ لِمَن حَضَرَ الجُمُعَةَ أن يَتَنَفَّلَ إلى أن يَخرُجَ الإمامُ</span>\n\n٤٤٩٠ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ وأبو النَّضرِ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ وديعَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وتَطَهَّرَ ما استَطاعَ مِن طُهرِه، ومَسَّ مِن دُهنِ بَيتِه أو طيبِه، ثم راحَ إلى الجُمُعَةِ فصَلَّى ما بَدا له، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ استَمَعَ وأنصتَ، غُفِرَ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ] (^٢) (^٤).\n\n٤٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٣٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٢٦)، والنسائي (٥١٧) من طريق شعبة. وعندهما: عن جده معاذ. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٥).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٧٧٦) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (٢٣٧٢٥) عن أبي النضر به. والبخاري (٩١٠) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٨٣).","vol":"5","page":231},{"text":"حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ الكِرمانِيُّ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي الخَليلِ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يُصَلَّى نِصفَ النَّهارِ إلا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ؛ لأنَّ جَهَنَّمَ تُسجَرُ كُلَّ يَومٍ إلا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n٤٤٩٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. فذكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: هذا مُرسَلٌ، أبو الخَليلِ لم يَلقَ أبا قَتادَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَه شَواهِدُ وإِن كانَت أسانيدُها ضَعيفَةً، مِنها:\n\n٤٤٩٣ - ما أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافعيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ نِصفَ النَّهارِ حَتَّى تَزولَ الشَّمسُ إلا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٧١)، وهو في فوائد العيسوى - شيخ المصنف - (٤٩ - ضمن مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٠٨٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٣٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (١٠٨٣). وفيه: أبو الخليل لم يسمع من قتادة.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٧.","vol":"5","page":232},{"text":"أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللهِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَحرُمُ - يَعنِى الصَّلاةَ - إذا انتَصَفَ النَّهارُ كُلَّ يَومٍ إلا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\".\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ (^١) وعَمرِو بنِ عَبسَةَ (^٢) وابنِ عمرَ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\nوالاعتِمادُ على أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - استَحَبَّ التَّبكيرَ إلى الجُمُعَةِ، ثم رَغَّبَ في الصَّلاةِ إلى خُروجِ الإمامِ مِن غَيرِ تَخصيصٍ ولا استِثناءٍ، نَذكُرُها إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالَى في كِتابِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الخَضِرُ بنُ أبانٍ، حدثنا سَيّارٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ غالِبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحسنَ يقولُ: يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ صَلاةٌ كُلُّه؛ إنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لا تُسجَرُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٥). ورُوّينا الرُّخصَةَ في ذَلِكَ عن طاوُسٍ (^٥) ومَكحولٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق، كما فى المطالب العالية (٣٣٠). وتقدم في (٤٤٤٣) دون ذكر: يوم الجمعة.\n(^٣) لم نجده من حديث ابن عمر. وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (١٢٥٩)، وعنه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ١٨٨ من حديث ابن عمرو به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٥٩٢٦ - ٥٩٣٢).\n(^٥) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ٥/ ٤٨١.","vol":"5","page":233},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-966>بابُ مَن لم يُصَلِّ بَعدَ الفَجرِ بلا رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ ثم بادَرَ بالفَرضِ</span>\n\n٤٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا غُندَرٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن حَفصةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ لا يُصَلِّى إلا رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ عن غُندَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ موسَى، عن أيّوبَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي عَلقَمَةَ مَولًى لابنِ عباسٍ قال: حدَّثَنى يَسارٌ مَولًى لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ قال: قُمتُ أصَلِّى بَعدَ الفَجرِ، فصَلَّيتُ صَلاةً كَثيرَةً، فحَصَبَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرَ وقالَ: يا يَسارُ كَم صَلَّيتَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا أدرِى. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: لا دَرَيتَ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ عَلَينا ونَحنُ نُصَلِّى هَذِه الصَّلاةَ، فتَغَيَّظَ عَلَينا تَغَيُّظًا شَديدًا، ثم قال: \"ليُبَلِّغْ شاهِدُكُم غائبَكُم، لا صَلاةَ بعدَ طُلوعِ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥٨٧) من طريق ابن معين به. وأحمد (٢٦٤٣٣)، والنسائي (٥٨٢) من طريق غندر به. ومسلم (٧٢٣/ ٨٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٢٣/ ٨٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"صلاة\".","vol":"5","page":234},{"text":"الفَجرِ إلا رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ\". أقامَ إسنادَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ. ورواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ عن سليمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^١) فخَلَطَ في إسنادِه، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ ابنِ وهبٍ.\n\n٤٤٩٨ - فقَد رواه وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن قُدامَةَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ حُصينٍ التَّميمِىِّ، عن أبي (^٢) عَلقَمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن يَسارٍ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ نَحوَه. أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ عن قُدامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٤٩٩ - ورواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ موسَى، عن محمدِ بنِ الحُصينِ، عن أبي عَلقَمَةَ، عن يَسارٍ مَولَى ابنِ عمرَ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ الفَجرِ إلا رَكعَتَينِ\". أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٦١ عن ابن أبي أويس، عن سليمان، عن عبد الملك بن قدامة، عن قدامة بن موسى، عن عبد الله بن دينار، عن أبى علقمة.\n(^٢) سقطت من: م. وفى س \"ابن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨١١)، وأبو داود (١٢٧٨) من طريق وهيب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١١٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٦١ من طريق حميد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٤١٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٥) من طريق الدراوردى به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٩٢).","vol":"5","page":235},{"text":"٤٥٠٠ - ورواه عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا قُدامَةُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنِي رجلٌ مِن بنى حَنظَلَةَ، عن أبي عَلقَمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ. فذكَر مَعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ. بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وإِن كان في إسنادِه مَن لا يُحتَجُّ به:\n\n٤٥٠١ - أخبرَناه أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ الحُبُلِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ إلا رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٥٠٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ إلا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطرسوسى في مسند عبد الله بن عمر (٣٠) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٦: إسناده لين.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٣٤٥). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٣٣٣ - منتخب) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"5","page":236},{"text":"رَكعَتىِ الفَجرِ\" (^١). عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ هو أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ الحُبُلِيُّ.\n\n٤٥٠٣ - ورواه جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: لا صَلاةَ بَعدَ أن يُصَلّىَ الفَجرَ إلا رَكعَتَينِ. أخبرَناه أبو زَكَرَيّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ زيادٍ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا (^٢)، وهو بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ وابنِ وهبٍ في المَتنِ والوَقفِ. والثَّورِيُّ أحفَظُ مِن غَيرِه، إلَّا أنَّ عبدَ الرحمنِ الإِفريقِيَّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٣).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ مُرسَلًا:\n\n٤٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ حَرمَلَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا صَلاةَ بعدَ النِّداءِ إلا سجدَتَينِ\". يَعنِي الفَجرَ (^٤). ورُوِى مَوصولًا بذِكرِ أبي هريرةَ فيه، ولا يَصِحُّ وصلُه.\n\n٤٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٥٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٤٦ من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١١٠٦) عن محمد بن عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٧٧٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٥٦) عن الثوري به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٧: مرسل قوى.","vol":"5","page":237},{"text":"حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّارَكِيُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبي رَباحٍ (^١)، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه رأَى رجلًا يُصَلِّى بَعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ أكثَرَ مِن رَكعَتَينِ، يُكثِرُ فيها الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ فنَهاه، فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ يُعَذِّبُنِى اللهُ على الصَّلاةِ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن يُعَذِّبُكَ على خِلافِ السُّنَّةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في: س، م، ومختصر قيام الليل، ونسخة من مصنف عبد الرزاق، والمهذب ٢/ ٨٩٧، وغير منقوطة في: ص ٢. وفي مصنف عبد الرزاق: \"رياح\". وترجم له ابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣٧٢، قال: أبو رياح ختن مجاهد روى عن سعيد المسيب، روى عنه سفيان الثوري.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٥٥) من طريق سفيان به، والمروزى في مختصر قيام الليل ص ٨٠. وينظر المعرفة ٢/ ٢٨٢ عقب (١٣٣٣). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٨٩٧: إسناده قوى.","vol":"5","page":238},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-967>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَلاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ وقيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-968>بابُ ذِكرِ البَيانِ أن لا فرضَ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ أكثَرَ مِن خَمسٍ وأَنَّ الوِترَ تَطَوُّعٌ</span>\n\n٤٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قراءةً عليه في المُحَرَّمِ سنةَ سَبعٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا داوُدُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا جاءَ إلى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثائرَ الرّأسِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخبِرْنِي ما افتَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ: \"الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ إلَّا أن تَطَّوَّعَ شَيئًا\". فقالَ: أخبِرْنِي ما افترَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الصّيامِ. قال: \"صيامُ رَمَضانَ إلَّا أن تَطَّوَّعَ شَيئًا\". فقالَ: أخبِرْنِي ما افترَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الزَّكاةِ. قالَ: فأَخبَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بشَرائعِ الإِسلامِ، فقالَ: والَّذِى أكرَمَكَ لا أتَطَوَّعُ شَيئًا، ولا أنتَقِصُ مِمّا فرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ شَيئًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفلَحَ وأبيه (^١) إن صَدَقَ، دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ واللهِ إن صَدَقَ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: أو \"دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ وأبيه إن صَدَقَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"والله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٢)، والنسائي (٢٠٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٩١)، ومسلم (١١/ ٩).","vol":"5","page":239},{"text":"٤٥٠٧ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ الجَهضَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ، والجُمُعَةُ إلى الجُمُعَةِ كَفّاراتٌ لِما بَينَهُنَّ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ عَلِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبَرنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبي سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سمِع طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ يقولُ: جاءَ رجلٌ إلى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أهلِ نَجدٍ ثائرَ الرّأسِ نَسمَعُ دَوِيَّ صَوتِه ولا نَفقَهُ ما يقولُ حَتَّى دَنا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فإِذا هو يَسأَلُ عن الإِسلامِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ\". فقالَ: هَل عَلَيَّ غَيرُهُنَّ؟ قال: \"لا (^٣)، إلَّا أن تَطَّوَّعَ، وصيامُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ\". فقالَ: هَل عَلَيَّ غَيرُهُ؟ قال: \"لا، إلَّا أن تَطَّوَّعَ\". وذكَر له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الزَّكاةَ فقالَ: هَل عَلَيَّ غَيرُها؟ قال: \"لا، إلَّا أن تَطَّوَّعَ\". فأَدبَرَ الرَّجُلُ وهو يقولُ: واللَّهِ لا أزيدُ على هذا ولا أنقُصُ مِنه. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٨٣)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٢٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧١٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٣/ ١٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":240},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفلَحَ إن صَدَقَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ، والجُمُعَةُ إلى الجُمُعَةِ كَفّاراتٌ لِما بَينَهُنَّ ما لم تُغشَ الكَبائرُ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n٤٥١٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ [بنُ محمدِ] (^٥) بنِ الحسنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا [ابنُ بُكَيرٍ] (^٦)، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أنَّ رجلًا مِن بنى كِنانَةَ يُدعَى\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٧٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٩١) عن عبد اللَّه بن مسلمة به. والنسائي (٤٥٧) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم في (١٧١٢، ٢٢٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦)، ومسلم (١١/ ٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨١٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٤)، وابن حبان (٢٤١٨) من طريق إسماعيل به. وابن ماجه (١٠٨٦) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣٣/ ١٤).\n(^٥) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٢: \"أبو بكر\".","vol":"5","page":241},{"text":"المُخدِجِيَّ (^١) سمِع رجلًا بالشّامِ يُدعَى أبا محمدٍ يقولُ: إنَّ الوِترَ واجِبٌ. قال المُخدِجِيُّ (^١): فرُحتُ إلى عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، فاعتَرَضتُ له وهو رائحٌ إلى المَسجِدِ، فأَخبَرتُه بالَّذِى قال أبو محمدٍ، فقالَ عُبادَةُ: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ على العِبادِ، فمَن جاءَ بهِنَّ لم يُضَيِّعْ مِنهُنَّ شَيئًا استِخفافًا بحَقِّهِنَّ، كان له عندَ اللهِ عَهدٌ أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، ومَن لم يأتِ بهِنَّ فلَيسَ له عندَ اللهِ عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه، وإِن شاءَ أدخَلَه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٥١١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أنَّ رجلًا مِن بنى كِنانَةَ ثم مِن بنى مُدلِجٍ لَقِىَ رجلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو محمدٍ. فسأَلَه عن الوِترَ فقالَ: إنَّه واجِبٌ. قال الكِنانِيُّ: فلَقيتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ - ﵁ -، فذَكَرتُ له ذَلِكَ فقالَ: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ فرَضَهُنَّ اللهُ على العِبادِ، مَن أتَى بهِنَّ لم يُضَيِّعْ شَيئًا مِنهُنَّ كان له عَهدٌ على اللَّهِ أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، ومَن لم يأتِ بهِنَّ فلَيسَ له عندَ اللهِ عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه، وإِن شاءَ رحِمه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"المحدجى\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٥٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٢٢). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣١٦٨) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"5","page":242},{"text":"٤٥١٢ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُمرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: حدَّثَنى أبى جَعفَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الحكمِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ النَّجّارِىِّ، أنَّه سألَ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ - ﵁ - عن الوِترِ، فقالَ: أمرٌ حَسَنٌ جَميلٌ، عَمِلَ به النبيُّ - ﷺ - والمُسلِمونُ مِن بَعدِه، ولَيسَ بواجِبٍ (^١).\n\n٤٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^٢) الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، جَميعًا عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ هذا الوِترَ لَيسَ بحَتمٍ، ولَكِنَّه سُنَّةٌ حَسَنَةٌ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ وِترٌ يُحِبُّ الوِترَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ زُهَيرٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ: الوِترُ لَيسَ بحَتمٍ، ولَكِنَّه سُنَّةٌ سَنَّها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٤٥١٤ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، عن أبي عَوانَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٨٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٠ وقال: على شرط الشيخين. وفيه: ابن حمدان. بدلًا من: ابن حمران. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٦٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن حمران.\n(^٢) في م: \"سليمان\". وكذا في حاشية س.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٢٥٨) من طريق أحمد بن سلمان الفقيه. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٦) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"5","page":243},{"text":"أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: الوِترُ لَيسَ بحَتمٍ كالصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ، ولَكِنَّه سُنَّةٌ سَنَّها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أوتِروا يا أهلَ القُرآنِ، فإنَّ اللهَ تعالَى وِترٌ يُحِبُّ الوِترَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ الأبّارُ وهو عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ وِترٌ يُحِبُ الوِترَ، فأوتِروا يا أهلَ القُرآنِ\". زادَ أبو داودَ في رِوايَتِه: فقالَ أعرابِيٌّ: ما تَقولُ؟ قال: لَيسَ لَكَ ولا لأصحابِكَ (^٢).\n\n٤٥١٦ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا مِهرانُ يَعنِى الرّازِيَّ، عن أبي سِنانٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوتِروا يا أهلَ القُرآنِ\". قال أعرابِيٌّ: ما يقولُ النبيُّ - ﷺ -؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٢)، والترمذي (٤٥٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٣٨٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٩) من طرق عن أبي إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤١٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٧٠) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٥٧).","vol":"5","page":244},{"text":"فقالَ: لَستَ مِن أهلِهِ (^١).\nورواه سُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n٤٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوتِروا يا أصحابَ القُرآنِ، إنّ اللَّهَ تعالَى وِترٌ يُحِبُ الوِترَ\". فقالَ أعرابِيٌّ: ما يقولُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: لَيسَ لَكَ ولا لأصحابِكَ.\nهَكَذا رواه جَماعَةٌ (^٢) عن الثَّورِىِّ، ويُقالُ: لم يَسمَعْه الثَّورِىُّ مِن عمرٍو إنَّما سَمِعَه عن رجلٍ عن عمرٍو (^٣). ورُوِى عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ. فذكَر فيه عبدَ اللَّهِ، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ (^٤). والحَديثُ مَعَ ذِكرِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فيه مُنقَطِعٌ؛ لأنَّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ لم يُدرِكْ أباه.\n\n٤٥١٨ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرحمنِ الشُّرَيحِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: أوتَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٢٦٢) عن عبد اللَّه بن أحمد به.\n(^٢) في ص ٢: \"الجماعة\".\n(^٣) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٢٩٢ (٢٢٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٤١، والدارقطني في العلل ٥/ ٢٩٣، ٢٩٤ من طريق عبد المجيد به.","vol":"5","page":245},{"text":"ولَيسَ عَلَيكَ، [وضَحَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولَيس عَلَيكَ، وصَلَّى الضُّحَى ولَيسَ عَلَيكَ] (^١)، وصَلَّى قَبلَ الظُّهرِ ولَيس عَلَيكَ. وقالَ قَتادَةُ: فقُلتُ: هذا ما يُعرَفُ، غَيرَ الوِترِ. قال: إنَّما قال: \"يا أهلَ القُرآنِ أوتِروا، فإِنَّ اللهَ تعالَى وِترٌ يُحِبُّ الوِترَ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ وأبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ الغَضائرِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا أبو جَنابٍ الكَلبِيُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثٌ هُنَّ عَلَيَّ فرائضُ، وهُنَّ لَكُم تَطَوُّعٌ؛ النَّحرُ والوِترُ ورَكعَتا الضُّحَى\" (^٣). أبو جَنابٍ الكَلبِيُّ اسمُه يَحيَى بنُ أبى حَيَّةَ، ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، وكانَ يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ يُصَدِّقُه ويَرميه بالتَّدليسِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-969>بابُ تأكيدِ صَلاةِ الوِترِ</span>\n\n٤٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) البغوي الجعديات (٩٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٠) عن أبي بدر به.\n(^٤) أبو جناب يحيى بن أبي حية الكلبى الكوفى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٦٧، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٣٨، وتاريخ الثقات ص ٤٩٤، والثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٥٩٧، والكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٦٦٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٨٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٤٦: ضعفوه لكثرة تدليسه.\n(^٥) ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٣٩، وتاريخ دمشق ٦٤/ ١٤٠.","vol":"5","page":246},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُرَّةَ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ حُذافَةَ العَدَوِيِّ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أمَدَّكُم بصَلاةٍ هِىَ خَيرٌ لَكُم مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ، وهِىَ لَكُم ما بَينَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى طُلوعِ الفَجرِ، الوِترُ الوِترُ\". مَرَّتَينِ (^١).\n\n٤٥٢١ - ورواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، فقالَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُرَّةَ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذكَر مَعناه (^٢).\n\n٤٥٢٢ - وأَخبرَنا (^٣) أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا سَهلُ (^٤) بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ راشِدٍ الزَّوفِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ حُذافَةَ العَدَوِيِّ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ إلى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فقالَ: \"لَقَد أمَدَّكُمُ اللَّهُ بصلاةٍ هِىَ خَيرٌ لَكُم مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ\". قُلنا: ما هِىَ يا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٧٧)، وابن وهب في موطئه (٣٣٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤١٨)، والترمذي (٤٥٢)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٨) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٤١٣٧) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به، وفيه: عبد اللَّه بن أبي مرة.\n(^٣) من هنا سقط في س، ص ٢ إلى قوله: \"وأخبرنا أبو بكر الفارسى\". الآتى في الصفحة التالية.\n(^٤) في م: \"سهيل\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٢.","vol":"5","page":247},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الوِترُ فيما بَينَ العِشاء إلى طُلوعِ الفَجرِ\" (^١). لفظُ حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، إلا أنَّه لم يَقُلِ الزَّوفِيَّ (^٢). قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُرَّةَ.\nوأَخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ قال: لا يُعرَفُ لإِسنادِه - يَعنِى لإِسنادِ هذا الحديثِ - سَماعُ بَعضِهِم مَن بَعضٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ رحِمه اللهُ تعالَى: وقَد رُوِى مِثلُ هذا في رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ بإِسنادٍ أصَحَّ مِن هذا:\n\n٤٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ جَناحٍ الكُشَانِيُّ ببُخارَى مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بُجَيرٍ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ الخَلَّالُ بدِمَشقَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ العَبدِيِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ زادَكُم صَلاةً إلى صَلاِتكُم، هِىَ خَيرٌ لَكُم مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ، ألا وهِىَ الرَّكعَتانِ قبلَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ\" (^٤). قال\n_________\n(^١) ظاهر كلام المصنف أن ثمة طريقا أخرى عن محمد بن إسحاق، ولعله وقع سقط في الإسناد، وأن الطريق الأخرى للمصنف عند أحمد بن خالد الوهبى عن محمد بن إسحاق كما في الطبراني.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ١٨٨، ١٨٩، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٢١)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٨١٦)، والطبراني (٤١٣٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠٣، ٥/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٧٨، ٧٧٩). ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٥/ ٣١٨. وأخرجه =","vol":"5","page":248},{"text":"العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ: قال لِي يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: هذا حَديثٌ غَريبٌ مِن حَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، ومُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ مُحَدِّثُ أهلِ الشّامِ، وهو صَدوقُ الحديثِ، ومَن لم يَكتُبْ حَديثَه مُسْنَدَه ومُنقَطِعَه فلَيسَ بصاحِبِ حَديثٍ. وبَلَغَنِى عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ أنَّه قال: لَو أمكَنَنِى أن أرحَلَ إلى ابنِ بُجَيرٍ لَرَحَلتُ إلَيه في هذا الحَديثِ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدِ ابنَ أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي عثمانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ. فذكَره في حِكايَتِه له هذا الحديثَ عن ابنِ بُجَيرٍ.\n\n٤٥٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ (^١) الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبو المُنيبِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبدِ اللهِ العَتَكِيُّ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوِترُ حَقٌّ، فمَن لم يوتِرْ فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ: عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أبو المُنيبِ عن ابنِ يُرَيدَةَ، سمِع منِه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عندَه مَناكيرُ (^٣). قال أبو أحمدَ: وهو عِندِى لا بأسَ\n_________\n= الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٨٤٨) من طريق العباس بن الوليد بلفظ: الوتر. بدل: الفجر.\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٢، م: \"بن\". وينظر ترجمته في ١/ ١٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠١٩)، وأبو داود (١٤١٩) عن طريق ابن المنيب به وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٠٩)\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٦٣٦، والضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ٧٥.","vol":"5","page":249},{"text":"بهِ (^١). وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ أيضًا يوَثِّقُه (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي السَّفَرِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: الوِترُ تَطَوُّعٌ، وهو مِن أشرَفِ التَّطَوُّعِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-970>بابُ تأكيدِ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٤٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أواجِبَةٌ رَكعَتا الفَجرِ أو شَئٌ مِنَ التَّطَوُّعِ؟ فقالَ (^٤): أوَما عَلِمتَ؟ ثم حدَّثَنى عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما كان على شَئٍ أدوَمَ مِنه على رَكعَتَىِ الصُّبحِ أوِ الفَجرِ مِنَ النَّوافِلِ (^٥).\n\n٤٥٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حدَّثَنى عَطاءٌ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٦٣٧.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين ٤/ ٣٦٢ (٤٧٩٤ - رواية الدورى).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٥٩٩) من طريق ابن أبي السفر به.\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٢: \"لا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢١١٥) عن الدورى به.","vol":"5","page":250},{"text":"عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لم يَكُنْ على شَئٍ مِنَ النَّوافِلِ أشَدَّ مُعاهَدَةً مِنه على رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ الصُّبحِ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بَيانِ بنِ عمرٍو، ورواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، كِلاهُما عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ وعُثمانُ بنُ عمرَ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو زكريا الحِنّائيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ (^٤) أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"رَكعَتا الفَجرِ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\" (^٥). وفِي رِوايَةِ مُسَدَّدٍ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. مِثلَه. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ (^٦).\n\n٤٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سليمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ (٤) أوفَى، عن سَعدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٧)، ومسلم (٧٢٤/ ٩٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠٨)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٦٩)، ومسلم (٧٢٤/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٨٨ من طريق مسدد به. والترمذي (٤١٦) من طريق أبى عوانة.\n(^٦) مسلم (٧٢٥/ ٩٦).","vol":"5","page":251},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"رَكعَتا الفَجرِ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\" (^١).\n\n٤٥٣٠ - [وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ وقالَ: إنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال في رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ: \"لَهُما أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ] (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n٤٥٣١ - ورواه المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سليمانَ عن أبيه وقالَ في رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ: \"لهُما أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ الباهِلِيُّ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: قال أبى: حدثنا قَتادَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيىَ بنِ حَبيبٍ عن المُعتَمِرِ (^٥).\n\n٤٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى أيّوبَ قال: حدَّثَنى جَعفَرُ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي سَلَمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٢٧٣ من طريق أسباط به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦٠١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٢١٤٣) عن يونس بن حبيب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٨) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٢٥/ ٩٧).","vol":"5","page":252},{"text":"قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ، ثم صَلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ قائمًا، ورَكعَتَينِ جالِسًا ورَكعَتَينِ بَينَ النِّداءَينِ، ولَم يَكُنْ يَدَعُهُما أبَدًا (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن المُقرِئِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدَّثَنى [أبو زيادةَ (^٤) عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زيادٍ] (^٣) الكِندِىُّ، عن بلالٍ، أنَّه حدَّثه، أنَّه أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُؤذِنُه بصَلاةِ الغَداةِ، فشَغَلَت عائشَةُ بلالًا بأَمرٍ سأَلَته عنه حَتَّى فضَحَه (^٥) الصُّبحُ فأَصبَحَ جِدًّا، قال: فأَقامَ بلالٌ فآذَنَه بالصَّلاةِ وتابَعَ أذانَه، فلَم يَخرُجْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا خَرَجَ صَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فأَخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ شَغَلَته بأَمرٍ سأَلَته عنه حَتَّى أصبَحَ جِدًّا، وإِنَّه أبطأَ عليه بالخُروجِ فقالَ: \"إنِّي كُنتُ رَكَعتُ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ أصبَحتَ جِدًّا. قال: \"لَو أصبَحتُ أكثرَ مِمّا أصبَحتُ لَرَكَعتُهُما، وأحسَنتُهُما وأجمَلتُهُما\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٠٩)، وأبو داود (١٣٦١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٦) من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٥٩).\n(^٣) في سنن أبي داود: \"أبو زيادة عبيد اللَّه بن زيادة\". وهو أبو زيادة عبيد اللَّه بن زيادة، وقيل: زياد، والصحيح الأول. وينظر تهذبب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٥.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"زياد\".\n(^٥) فضحه الصبح: أي دهمَتْه فُضْحَة الصبح، وهى بياضه. النهاية ٣/ ٤٥٣.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٢٥٧)، وأحمد (٢٣٩١٠). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٢: عبيد الله شامى مقل لم يضعف. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٢٠).","vol":"5","page":253},{"text":"ورُوِى عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَدَعوهُما وإِن طَرَدَتكُمُ الخَيلُ\". وهو في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ بـ \"كتاب أبي داود\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-971>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الوارِدِ في النَّوافِلِ الَّتِى هِىَ أتْباعُ الفَرائضِ أنَّها عَشْرُ رَكَعاتٍ</span>\n\n٤٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: حَفِظتُ مِنَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - عَشْرَ رَكَعاتٍ: رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ الظُّهرِ، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَها، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ في بَيتِه، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العِشاءِ في بَيتِه، ورَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، وكانَت ساعَةً لا يَدخُلُ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - فيها أحَدٌ، وحَدَّثَتنِى حَفصَةُ أنَّه كان إذا أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ وطَلَعَ الفَجرُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سليمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٥٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٥٠، ٧٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٠٦)، وأبو داود (١١٢٨)، والترمذي (٤٣٣)، والنسائي (١٤٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٩٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٤) من طريق أيوب به. وعند النسائي مختصرًا من حديث ابن عمر وحده.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٨٠).","vol":"5","page":254},{"text":"عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي إبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عمرَ - ﵁ - قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قَبلَ الظُّهرِ سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَها سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ المَغرِبِ سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ العِشاءِ سَجدَتَينِ، وبَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ سَجدَتَينِ، فأَمّا المَغرِبُ والعِشاءُ والجُمُعَةُ ففِى بَيتِهِ (^١). وحَدَّثَتنِى حَفصَةُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلَّى سَجدَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ قَبلَ أن يُصَلَّىَ الفَجرَ، وكانَت ساعَةً لا أدخُلُ فيها على النبيِّ - ﷺ -. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-972>بابُ مَن قال: هِىَ ثِنتا عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، فجَعَلَ قَبلَ الظُّهرِ أربَعًا</span>\n\n٤٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ المَعنَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: سأَلتُ عائشة - ﵂ - عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ التَطَوُّعِ فقالَت: كان يُصَلِّى قَبل الظُّهرِ أربَعًا في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٧٨) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٧٢)، ومسلم (٧٢٩).","vol":"5","page":255},{"text":"بَيتِى، ثم يَخرُجُ فيُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، ثم يَرجِعُ إلى بَيتِى فيُصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ المَغرِبَ، ثم يَرجِعُ إلى بَيتِى فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى بهِمُ العِشاءَ، ثم يَدخُلُ بَيتِى فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، وكانَ يُصَلَّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ تِسعَ رَكَعاتٍ فيهِنَّ الوِترُ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى لَيلًا طَويلًا قائمًا، ولَيلًا طَويلًا جالِسًا، فإِذا قرأَ وهو قائمٌ رَكَعَ وسَجَدَ وهو قائمٌ، وإِذا قرأَ وهو قاعِدٌ رَكَعَ وسَجَدَ وهو قاعِدٌ، وكانَ إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم يَخرُجُ فيُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَدَعُ أربَعًا قَبلَ الظُّهرِ، ورَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^٣).\n\n٤٥٣٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ. فذكَره بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وقالَ: قَبلَ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٥١)، وأحمد (٢٤٠١٩). وأخرجه ٨٨٨ الترمذي (٣٧٥)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (١١٦٧، ١١٩٩، ١٢٤٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٠/ ١٠٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٦٥)، والطيالسى (١٦١٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٥٣) عن مسدد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٣) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"5","page":256},{"text":"رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^١).\n\n٤٥٣٩ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سالِمٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ماهانَ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سالِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ أوسٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى اثنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً كُلَّ يَومٍ تَطَوُّعًا غَيرَ فريضَةٍ، بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي داودَ الطيالِسِىِّ: سمِع عمرَو بنَ أوسٍ، سمِع عَنبَسَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صَلَّى ثِنتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً في يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ سِوَى المَكتوبَةِ بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\". قالَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ - ﵂ -: ما تَرَكتُهُنَّ بَعدُ. قال عَنبَسَةُ: ما تَرَكتُهُنَّ بَعدُ. قال عمرٌو: ما تَرَكتُهُنَّ بَعدُ. قال النُّعمانُ: وأَنا ما أكادُ أن أدَعَهُنَّ بَعدُ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ وغَيرِه عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٨٢).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٦٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبري (٤٨٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٢٨/ ١٠٣).","vol":"5","page":257},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سليمانَ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ الخَشّابُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى ثِنتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ: أربَعًا قبلَ الظُّهرِ، واثنَتَينِ بَعدَها، واثنَتَينِ قبلَ العَصرِ، واثنَتَينِ بعدَ المَغرِبِ، واثنَتَينِ قبلَ الصُّبحِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-973>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ قَبلَ الظُّهرِ أربَعًا وبَعدَها أربَعًا</span>\n\n٤٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ التِّنّيسِيُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: أخبرَنِي النُّعمانُ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عَنبَسَةَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ أنَّها أخبرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حافَظَ على أربَعِ رَكَعاتٍ قبلَ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ وأربَعٍ بَعدَها حُرِّمَ على جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٢).\nورواه سليمانُ بنُ موسَى عن مَكحولٍ مِثلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٨٠١) عن أبي الأزهر به. وابن خزيمة (١١٨٩) من طريق يونس بن محمد به. والترمذي (٤١٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وابن ماجه (١١٤١) من طريق المسيب به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣١٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٩٢) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يوسف به. وابن خزيمة (١١٩١) من طريق النعمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٨١٣، ١٨١٤) من طريق سليمان به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٤: الحديث معلل على =","vol":"5","page":258},{"text":"٤٥٤٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في \"الفوائد\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ قال: لَمّا حُضِرَ عَنبَسَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ اشتَدَّ جَزَعُه فقيلَ: ما هذا الجَزَعُ؟ قال: أما إنِّى سَمِعتُ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ يَعنِى أُختَه تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن صَلَّى أربَعًا قبلَ الظُّهرِ وأربَعًا بَعدَها حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ لَحمَه على النّارِ\". فما تَرَكتُهُنَّ مُنذُ سَمِعتُها (^١).\n\n٤٥٤٣ - وأَخبرَنا به أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ في \"الزيادات\" وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ في \"حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ\" قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-974>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ قَبلَ العَصرِ ركعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٤٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن عَنبَسَةَ\n_________\n= وجوه، وهو منقطع ما بين مكحول وعنبسة.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٦٤) عن روح به. والنسائي (١٨١١) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٥: منقطع.\n(^٢) في س: \"عبد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٨٥.","vol":"5","page":259},{"text":"ابنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن أُختِه أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صَلَّى ثِنتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً في يَومٍ بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ: أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ قبلَ الظُّهرِ، ورَكعَتَينِ بعدَ الظُّهرِ، ورَكعَتَينِ قبلَ العَصرِ، ورَكعَتَينِ بعدَ المَغرِبِ، ورَكعَتَينِ قبلَ الصُّبحِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-975>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ قَبلَ العَصرِ أربَعَ رَكعاتٍ</span>\n\n٤٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إبراهيمَ محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رَحِمَ اللهُ امرأً صَلَّى قبلَ العَصرِ أربَعًا\" (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى.\n\n٤٥٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ هو السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدَّثَنى جَدِّى أبو المُثَنَّى، عن ابنِ عمرَ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ (^٣). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ.\nوهو أبو إبراهيمَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ مِهرانَ القُرَشِيُّ، سمِع جَدَّه مُسلِمَ بنَ مِهرانَ القُرَشيَّ، ويُقالُ: محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى. وهو ابنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣١١ وقال: كلا الإسنادين صحيحان على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٨٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٤٥٢) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. والنسائي (١٨٠٠) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٠٤٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٢٧١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٣٢).","vol":"5","page":260},{"text":"المُثَنَّى، لأنَّ كُنيَةَ مُسلِمٍ أبو المُثَنَّى، ذكَره البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\". أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَولُ القائلِ في الإسناد الأوَّلِ: عن أبيه. أُراه خَطأً واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. رواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبي داودَ دونَ ذِكرِ أبيه مِنهُم سلمةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ وغَيرُه (^٢).\n\n٤٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عاصِمَ بنَ ضَمرَةَ يقولُ: سأَلنا عَليًّا - ﵁ - عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فذكَر مِن صَلاتِه قَبلَ الظُّهرِ أربَعًا، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الظُّهرِ، وأَربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ قَبلَ العَصرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-976>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ قَبلَ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٤٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ (^٤) محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٩٣) من طريق سلمة به. وأحمد (٥٩٨٠)، والترمذي (٤٣٠)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٣) من طريق الطيالسي به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٣٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٤٠) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتي في (٤٩٧٧، ٤٩٧٨).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"حدثنا\". وهو خطأ.","vol":"5","page":261},{"text":"سعيدٍ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلُّوا قبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ\". ثم قال: \"صَلُّوا قبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ لِمَن شاءَ\". خَشيَةَ أن يَتَّخِذَها النّاسُ سُنَّةً (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، عن عبدِ الوارِثِ، إلا أنَّه قالَ: قال في الثّالِثَةِ: \"لِمَن شاءَ\". كَراهيَةَ أن يَتَّخِذَها النّاسُ سُنَّةً (^٢).\n\n٤٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا كَهمَسُ بنُ الحسنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ\". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثم قال في الثّالِثَةِ: \"لِمَن شاءَ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ ووَكيعٍ عن كَهمَسٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٥٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٩)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٥٨) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٨٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٩٠)، والترمذي (١٨٥)، والنسائي (٦٨٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٥٥٩) من طريق كهمس به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٧)، ومسلم (٨٣٨/ ٣٠٤).","vol":"5","page":262},{"text":"الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ، بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ، بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ لِمَن شاءَ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ (^٢).\nورواه حَيّانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، وأَخطأَ في إسنادِه، وأَتَى بزيادَةٍ لم يُتابَعْ عَلَيها، وفِي رِوايَةِ حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ ما يُبْطِلُها ويَشهَدُ بخَطَئه فيها:\n\n٤٥٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا حَيّانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ عندَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ رَكعَتَينِ ما خَلا المَغرِبَ\" (^٣).\nوأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ يَعنِى ابنَ خُزَيمَةَ على أثرِ هذا الحديثِ قال: حَيّانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ هذا قَد أخطأَ في الإسنادِ؛ لأنَّ كَهمَسَ بنَ الحسنِ وسَعيدَ بنَ إياسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (١٢٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٥٦٠) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٤)، ومسلم (٨٣٨/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٤٩٥)، والدارقطني ١/ ٢٦٤ من طريق حيان به.","vol":"5","page":263},{"text":"الجُرَيرِىَّ وعَبدَ المُؤمِنِ العَتَكِيَّ رَوَوُا الخَبَرَ عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، لا عن أبيه. وهَذا عِلمِى مِنَ الجِنسِ الذي كان الشافعيُّ ﵀ يقولُ: أخَذَ طَريقَ المَجَرَّةِ (^١). فهَذا الشيخُ لَمّا رأَى أخبارَ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه تَوَهَّمَ أنَّ هذا الخَبَرَ هو أيضًا عن أبيه، ولعلَّه لَمّا رأى العامَّةَ لا تُصَلِّى قَبلَ المَغرِبِ تَوَهَّمَ أنَّه لا يُصَلَّى قَبلَ المَغرِبِ، فزادَ هَذِه الكَلِمَةَ في الخَبَرِ، وازدَدْ عِلمًا بأَنَّ هَذِه الرِّوايَةَ خَطأٌ، أنَّ ابنَ المُبارَكِ قال في حَديثِه عن كَهمَسٍ: فكانَ ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ يُصَلِّى قَبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ. فلَو كان ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ قد سمِع مِن أبيه عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - هذا الاستِثناءَ الذي زادَ حَيّانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ في الخَبَرِ: \"ما خَلا صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ\". لم يَكُنْ يُخالِفُ خَبَرَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٤٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ أبو كُرَيبٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن كَهمَسِ بنِ الحسنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغَفَّلِ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ، بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ\". ثم قال في الثّالِثَةِ: \"لِمَن شاءَ\". قال: فكانَ ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ يُصَلِّى قَبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٥٣ - [وأَخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ] (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم عقب (٤٤٨٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٦٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢٨٧) عن أبي كريب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٦: صحيح.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":264},{"text":"[حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زكريا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ وأبو أُسامَةَ، عن كَهمَسٍ. فذكَر الحديثَ وقالَ: \"بَينَ كُلِّ أذانَينِ صَلاةٌ\". قال في الثّالِثَةِ: \"لِمَن شاءَ\". قال: وكانَ ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ يُصَلِّى قَبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١). كَذا في رِوايَتِنا] (^٢).\n\n٤٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الخَيرِ يقولُ: رأَيتُ أبا تَميمٍ الجَيشانِيَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مالكٍ يَركَعُ رَكعَتَينِ حينَ يَسمَعُ أذانَ المَغرِبِ، فأَتيتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيَّ فقُلتُ: ألا أُعجِبُكَ مِن أبى تَميمٍ، يَركَعُ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ؟ فقالَ عُقبَةُ: أمَا إنّا كُنّا نَفعَلُه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قُلتُ: فما يَمنَعُكَ الآنَ؟ قال: الشُّغلُ (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن المُقرِئِ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن مُختارِ بنِ فلفُلٍ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - ﵁عن الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ فقالَ: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَضرِبُ على الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ، قال: وكُنّا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ. فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٨٣٨/ ٣٠٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٢) من طريق أبى أسامة دون ذكر آخره.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤١٦) عن عبد اللَّه المقرئ به. والنسائي (٥٨١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٨٤).","vol":"5","page":265},{"text":"هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّاهُما؟ قال: قَد كان يَرانا نُصَلّيهِما فلَم يأمُرْنا ولَم يَنهَنا (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرّوخَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: كُنّا بالمَدينَةِ، فإِذا أذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ لِصَلاةِ المَغرِبِ ابتَدَروا السَّوارِىَ ورَكَعوا رَكعَتَينِ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ الغَريبَ لَيَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ، فيَحسِبُ أنَّ الصَّلاةَ قَد صُلِّيَت مِن كَثرَةِ مَن يُصَلِّيها (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كان المُهاجِرونَ لا يَركَعونَ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ، وكانَتِ الأنصارُ يَركَعونَها. قال: وكانَ أنَسٌ يَركَعُهُما (^٥). كَذا قال سَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٣٥٤) عن أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وأبو داود (١٢٨٢) من طريق المختار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٨٩٥) من طريق الحاكم به. وأبو عوانة (٢١٢٠) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٧: هذا يدل على أنهم كانوا يصلون سنة المغرب في المسجد.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٣٧).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٣٩٨٤).","vol":"5","page":266},{"text":"وقَد رُوّينا عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: كُنّا نَركَعُهُما. وكانَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، وكأَنَّه أرادَ غَيرَه، أوِ الأكثَرينَ مِنهُم.\n\n٤٥٥٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عَبّاسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى أبو مَرحومٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: كُنّا نَركَعُهُما إذا قُمنا بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ السُّكَّرِىِّ: إذا قُمنا. يَعنِى: بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ مِنَ المَغرِبِ.\n\n٤٥٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ قال: كان عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ وأُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ - ﵄ - يُصَلّيانِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ. قال سُفيانُ: نأخُذُ بقَولِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٦٠ - قال سُفيانُ: وحَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ عامِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٦/ ٣٤٠ من طريق المصنف به. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٦٣، ٢٦٤ عن المقرئ به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢١٣٠) من طريق أبى مرحوم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٩٨١) عن الثوري به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٤/ ١٢١ من طريق عاصم به. وليس عندهما قول سفيان.","vol":"5","page":267},{"text":"كان كِبارُ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَبتَدِرونَ السَّوارِىَ، يُصَلّونَ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ (^١).\nيُريدُ سُفيانُ بقَولِ إبراهيمَ ما رواه عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: لم يُصَلِّ أبو بكرٍ ولا عُمَرُ ولا عثمانُ - ﵃ - قَبلَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). وقَد أخرَجَ البخاريُّ عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ حَديثَ عمرِو بنِ عامِرٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحبوبٍ التّاجِرُ بمَروَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ سَهلٍ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - ﵁ - قال: كُنّا لا نَدَعُ الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n٤٥٦٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ خالِدَ بنَ مَعدانَ، عن رَغبانَ (^٤) مَولَى حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ قال: قَد (^٥) رأَيتُ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَهُبّونَ إلَيها كما يَهُبّونَ إلى المَكتوبَةِ. يَعنِى:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٨٣)، والبخاري (٦٢٥)، والنسائي (٦٨١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٨٩) من طريق عمرو بن عامر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٩٨٥) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"زغبان\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٥) ليست في: س، م.","vol":"5","page":268},{"text":"الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ (^١).\n\n٤٥٦٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سليمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن راشِدِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: أشهَدُ على خَمسَةِ نَفَرٍ مِمَّنَ بايَعَ تَحتَ الشَّجَرَةَ مِنهُم مِرداسٌ أوِ ابنُ مِرداسٍ أنَهُم كانوا يُصَلّونَ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدَّثَنى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ الذي نَزَلَ عليه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صلَّى مَعَ أبى بكرٍ بَعدَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ، ثم لم يَكُنْ يُصَلِّى مَعَ عمرَ - ﵁ -، ثم صَلَّى مَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ -، فذُكِر ذلِكَ له فقالَ: إنِّى صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - ثم صَلَّيتُ مَعَ أبى بكرٍ، وفَرِقتُ مِن عمرَ فلَم أُصلِّ معه، وصَلَّيتُ مَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ -؛ إنَّه لَيِّنٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٢٣٨) عن محمد بن يعقوب به. وليس فيه: \"ركعتين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه محمد بن نصر في مختصر قيام الليل ص ٢٧ من طريق يحيى بن أيوب، ثم قال: وهذا عندى وهمٌ إنما الحديث في الركعتين بعد العصر لا في الركعتين قبل المغرب؛ لأن المعروف عن عمر أنه كان ينكر الركعتين بعد العصر ويضرب عليهما، وأما الركعتان قبل المغرب فلا. وقد رواه معمر عن ابن طاوس على ما قلنا، وهو أحفظ من يحيى بن أيوب وأثبت. اهـ. وتقدمت الرواية عن أنس أن عمر كان يضرب على الصلاة بعد العصر. حديث (٤٥٥٤).","vol":"5","page":269},{"text":"وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لا يَراهُما، فلَم يُصَلِّهِما أبو أيّوبَ معه، وصلَّاهُما مَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ -. وهَذا مَعنَى مارُوِى عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ أنَّه قال: ابتَدَعناها في خِلافَةِ عثمانَ، يَعنِى: بَعدَ ما تَرَكوها في عَهدِ عمرَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي شُعَيبٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عمرَ - ﵁ -، عن الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ، فقالَ: ما رأَيتُ أحَدًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلّيهِما، ورَخصَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: هو شُعَيبٌ، وهِمَ شُعبَةُ في اسمِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: القَولُ في مِثلِ هذا قَولُ مَن شاهَدَ دونَ مَن لم يُشاهِدْ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-977>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ وبَعدَ العِشاءِ رَكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٤٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلَّى قَبلَ الظُّهرِ رَكعَتَينِ، وبَعدَها رَكعَتَينِ، وبَعدَ صلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٨٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٢٨٤).","vol":"5","page":270},{"text":"المَغرِبِ رَكعَتَينِ في بَيتِه، وبَعدَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ رَكعَتَينِ، وكانَ لا يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ في المَسجِدِ شَيئًا حَتَّى يَنصَرِفَ فيَسجُدَ سَجدَتَينِ (^١). أَخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-978>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ بَعدَ العِشاءِ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ أو أكثَرَ</span>\n\n٤٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بتُّ في بَيتِ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ثم جاءَ إلى مَنزِلِه، فصَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ ثم نامَ، ثم قامَ فقالَ: \"نامَ الغُلَيِّمُ؟ \". أو كَلِمَةً تُشبِهُها، ثم قامَ وقُمتُ عن يَسارِه، فجَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِه، فصَلَّى خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثم صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثم نامَ حَتَّى سَمِعتُ غَطيطَه أو خَطيطَه (^٣)، ثم خَرَجَ إلى الصَّلاةِ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في موطئه (٣٣٢)، ومالك ١/ ١٦٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٢٥٢)، والنسائي (٨٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٥٦)، ومسلم (٨٨٢/ ٧٠)، والترمذي (٥٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٤٦)، وابن ماجه (١١٣٠) من طريق الليث مقتصرًا على ذكر الجمعة. وسيأتي في (٦٠٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٣٧)، ومسلم (٨٨٢/ ٧١).\n(^٣) الخطيط قريب من الغطيط: وهو صوت النائم. النهاية ٢/ ٤٨، ٣/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٧٠)، والبخاري (٦٩٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١١٧).","vol":"5","page":271},{"text":"٤٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا أبو الحسينِ زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ العُكْلِيُّ، حدَّثَنى مالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ قال: حدَّثَنى مُقاتِلُ بنُ بَشيرٍ العِجْلِيُّ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، قال: سأَلتُها عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: ما صلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ قَطُّ فدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ إلا صلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ أو سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ، ولَقَد مُطِرنا مَرَّةً باللَّيلِ فطَرَحنا له نِطَعًا، فكأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلى ثُقبٍ فيه يَنبُعُ الماءُ مِنه، وما رأَيتُه مُتَّقيًا الأرضَ بشَئٍ مِن ثيابِه قَطُّ (^١).\n\n٤٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثَنى أبو فروَةَ، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ يَرفَعُه إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ خَلفَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ قرأَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. وقَرأ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ: ﴿تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِير﴾ و: ﴿الم (١) تَنْزِيلُ﴾. السَّجدَةَ، كُتِبَ له كأربَعِ رَكَعاتٍ مِن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّد به ابنُ فرّوخَ المِصرِىُّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٣٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩١) من طريق مالك بن مغول به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٩: مقاتل ما أحسبه روى غير هذا. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٨٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٢٤٠) عن يحيى بن عثمان بن صالح به. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٣١: فيه يزيد بن سنان أبو فروة الرهاوى ضعفه أحمد وابن المديني وابن معين.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٠٩: له مناكير هذا منها.","vol":"5","page":272},{"text":"٤٥٧٠ - والمَشهورُ ما أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أيمَنَ مَولَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن تُبَيعٍ، عن كَعبٍ قال: مَن تَوَضّأ فأَحسَنَ الوُضوءَ، ثم صَلَّى العِشياءَ الآخِرَةَ، وصَلَّى بَعدَها أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، فأَتَمَّ رُكوعَهُنَّ وسُجودَهُنَّ، يَعلَمُ ما يَقتَرِئُ (^١) فيهِنَّ كان له - أو قال: كُنَّ له - بمَنزِلَةِ لَيلَةِ القَدرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-979>بابُ وقتِ الوِترِ</span>\n\n٤٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضي وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مُرَّةَ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ حُذافَةَ العَدَوِيِّ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ أمَدَّكُم بصَلاةٍ هِىَ خَيرٌ لَكُم مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ، وهِىَ لَكُم ما بَينَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى طُلوعِ الفَجرِ، الوِترُ الوِترُ\" (^٣).\nقال البخاريُّ: لا يُعرَفُ لإِسنادِه سَماعُ بَعضِهِم مِن بَعضٍ. أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الاقتراء: افتعال من القراءة. النهاية ٤/ ٣٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٥١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٤ من طريق سعدان به. والنسائي (٤٩٦٩) من طريق إسحاق به، وفى (٤٩٧٠) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٥٢٠ - ٤٥٢٢).","vol":"5","page":273},{"text":"المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عنِ البُخارِىِّ (^١).\n\n٤٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سابِقٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ - ﵁ - أخبرَه أنَّهُم سأَلوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الوِترِ فقالَ: \"الوِترُ قبلَ الصُّبحِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شَيبانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٥٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"أوتِروا قبلَ أن تُصبِحوا\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥). وبِمَعناهُما رواه جَماعَةٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٦).\n\n٤٥٧٤ - ورواه قَتادَةُ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٣/ ٩٢٠، والتاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠٣، ٥/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٩٧)، وأبو عوانة (٢٢٥٨) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٥٤/ ١٦١).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨٢٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٨٩) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وأحمد (١١٣٢٤)، والترمذي (٤٦٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٥٤/ ١٦٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٠٢)، والنسائي (١٦٨٢، ١٦٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٩) من طرق عن يحيى به.","vol":"5","page":274},{"text":"قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ الصُّبحَ ولَم يوتِرْ فلا وِتْرَ له\". أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عَبدانُ بنُ يَزيدَ الدَّقّاقُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحسينِ الكِسَائىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). ورِوايَةُ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ كأَنَّها أشبَهُ؛ فقَد رُوّينا عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - في قَضاءِ الوِترِ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\n\n٤٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبّانِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زكريا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"بادِروا الصُّبحَ بالوِترِ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسمحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ قالا: حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠١، ٣٠٢ وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٩٢)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٤٠٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٤٥٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن زكريا به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٥٠).","vol":"5","page":275},{"text":"ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى سليمانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان يقولُ: مَن صلَّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ فليَجعَلْ آخِرَ صَلاتِه وِترًا؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بذَلِكَ، فإِذا كان الفَجرُ فقَد ذَهَبَ صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ والوِترُ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الوِترُ قبلَ الفَجرِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الفَحّامِ: [لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أوتِروا قبلَ الفَجرِ\"] (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-980>بابُ مَن أصبَحَ ولَم يُوتِرْ فليُوتِرْ ما بَينَه وبَيَن أن يُصَلِّىَ الصُّبحَ</span>\n\n٤٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أصبَحَ أحَدُكُم ولَم يوتِرْ فليوتِرْ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٥٧٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عاصمٍ النَّبيلَ يقولُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن زيادٍ، أنَّ أبا نَهيكٍ أخبرَه، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، أنَّه خَطَبَ فقالَ: مَن أدرَكَه الصُّبحُ فلا وِترَ لَه. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ - فقالَت: كَذَبَ أبو الدَّرداءِ، كان\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قال أوتروا بالفجر\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٩١) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٦٣٧٢)، والترمذي (٤٦٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند الترمذي قول ابن عمر مرفوعًا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٣٩٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٣، ٣٠٤ وقال: على شرط الشيخين.","vol":"5","page":276},{"text":"النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصبحُ فيوتِرُ. قيلَ لأبِى عاصِمٍ: مَن دونَ زيادٍ؟ قال: حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى زيادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n٤٥٧٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ سالِمٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ قال: ربما رأَيتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ وقَد قامَ النّاسُ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به حاتِمُ بنُ سالِمٍ البَصرِىُّ، ويُقالُ له: الأعرَجِىُّ. وحَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - أصبَحَ فأَوتَرَ. كَذا وجَدتُه في \"الفَوائدِ الكَبيرِ\".\n\n٤٥٨١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في هذا الجُزءِ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سَعيدٌ يَعنى ابنَ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: أصبَحَ ابنُ عمرَ ولَم يوتِرْ - أو كادَ يُصبِحُ، أو أصبَحَ إن شاءَ اللهُ تعالَى - ثم أوتَرَ. وهَذا\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٥٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٣، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٣) في حاشية س: \"الخبر\".","vol":"5","page":277},{"text":"أشبَهُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحسنِ الحَرّانِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنى أحمدُ بنُ واقِدٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ أبي كَريمَةَ قال: حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ، عن الأغَرِّ المُزَنِىِّ، أنَّ رجلًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، إنِّي أصبَحتُ ولَم أوتِرْ. قال: \"إنَّما الوِترُ باللَّيلِ\"؟! ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ أو أربَعًا: \"قُمْ فأوتِرْ\" (^١).\n\n٤٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ قال: خَرَجَ عَلِىٌّ إلى السّوقِ وأَنا بأَثَرِه، فقامَ على الدَّرَجِ فاستَقبَلَ الفَجرَ فقالَ: ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ (١٧) وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا تَنَفَّسَ﴾ [التكوير: ١٧، ١٨]. أينَ السّائلُ عن الوِترِ؟ نِعمَ ساعَةُ الوِترِ هَذِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٨٤ - وبِهَذا الإسناد، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٩١) من طريق زهير به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٤٦: رواه الطبراني في الكبير ورجاله موثقون وإن كان في بعضهم كلام لا يضر فهو حسن.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ١٥٩ من طريق إسماعيل عن رجل عن أبي ظبيان به. دون قوله: أين السائل. . .، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٤، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٨١٥)، من طريق أبي ظبيان بنحوه.","vol":"5","page":278},{"text":"عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: خَرَجَ عَلِىٌّ مِن هذا البابِ فقالَ: نِعمَ ساعَةُ الوِترِ. ثم كانَتِ الإِقامَةُ عندَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٤٥٨٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: خَرَجَ عَلِىٌّ حينَ ثَوَّبَ ابنُ النَّبّاحِ (^١) فقالَ: ﴿وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا عَسْعَسَ (١٧) وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا تَنَفَّسَ﴾. أينَ السّائلونَ عن الوِترِ؟ نِعمَ ساعَةُ الوِترِ هَذِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، أنَّ قَومًا أتَوا عَليًّا فسأَلوه عن الوِترِ، فقالَ: سأَلتُم عنه أحَدًا؟ فقالوا: سأَلنا أبا موسَى فقالَ: لا وِترَ بَعدَ الأذانِ. فَقالَ: لَقَد أغرَقَ النَّزعَ (^٣) فأَفرَطَ في الفَتوَى، كُلُّ شَئٍ ما بَينَكَ وبَينَ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ وِترٌ، مَتَى أوتَرتَ فحَسَنٌ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"التياح\". وتقدم في (٢١٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٣٠) عن سفيان به. والشافعي ١/ ١٤٤ من طريق عاصم به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٤٥١) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٤٦: رواه الطبراني في الأوسط وفيه الحسن بن أبي جعفر الحفرى، وهو متروك.\n(^٣) أغرق النازع في القوس أي: استوفي مدها، يضرب مثلا للغلو والإفراط. التاج ٢٦/ ٢٤١ (غ ر ق).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٠١، ٤٦٠٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٤٤٩٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"5","page":279},{"text":"يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: الوِترُ ما بَينَ صَلاتَينِ؛ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إلى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ (^١).\n\n٤٥٨٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عَلِىٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاق، عن الأسوَدِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يُنادِى به نِداءً: الوِترُ ما بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ؛ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ وصَلاةِ الفَجرِ، مَتَى ما أوتَرتَ فحَسَنٌ (^٢).\n\n٤٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - مَتَى توتِرينَ؟ قالَت: بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ. وما يُؤَذِّنونَ حَتَّى يُصبِحوا (^٣).\nقَولُه: وما يُؤَذِّنونَ حَتَّى يُصبِحوا. أظُنُّه مِن قَولِ الأسوَدِ أو أبي إسحاقَ، وفيه نَظَرٌ، فقَد رُوِّينا أنَّ الأذانَ الأوَّلَ بالحِجازِ كان قَبلَ الصُّبحِ، وكأَنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٤٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٠٤) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٥٧٥). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٩٤١٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٤٤٩٩) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٤٠٧) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"5","page":280},{"text":"عائشةَ - ﵂ - كانَت تُصلِّى قَبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ، أو أرادَ به الأذانَ الثّانِىَ، وعَلَى ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ رِوايَةُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - توتِرُ فيما بَينَ التَّثويبِ والإِقامَةِ. فيَرجِعُ مَذهَبُها في ذَلِكَ إلى ما رُوِّينا عن عليٍّ وعَبدِ اللهِ - ﵄ -، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ أبي المُخارِقِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ رَقَدَ، ثم استَيقَظَ فقالَ لِخادِمِه: انظُرْ ما صَنَعَ النّاسُ؟ وهو يَومَئذٍ قَد ذَهَبَ بَصَرُه، فذَهَبَ الخادِمُ ثم رَجَعَ فقالَ: قَدِ انصَرَفَ النّاسُ مِنَ الصُّبحِ. فقامَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عباس فأَوتَرَ ثم صَلَّى الصُّبحَ (^١).\n\n٤٥٩١ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ قال: ما أُبالِى لَو أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ وأَنا أوتِرُ (^١).\n\n٤٥٩٢ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه قال: كان عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ يَؤُمُّ قَومَنا، فخَرَجَ يَومًا إلى الصُّبحِ، فأَقامَ المُؤَذِّنُ الصَّلاةَ، فأَسكَتَه عُبادَةُ حَتَّى أوتَرَ ثم صَلَّى لَهُمُ الصُّبحَ (^١).\nقال مالكٌ: وإِنَّما يوتِرُ بَعدَ الفَجرِ مَن نامَ عن الوِترِ، ولا يَنبَغِى لأحَدٍ أن يَتَعَمَّدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَضَعَ وِترَه بَعدَ الفَجرِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٢٦.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٢٧.","vol":"5","page":281},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-981>بابُ مَن قال: يُصَلّيه مَتَى ذَكَرَه</span>\n\n٤٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن نامَ عن وِترِه أو نَسيَه، فليُصَلِّه إذا أصبَحَ أو ذكَره\" (^١).\n\n٤٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن وبَرَةَ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عمرَ عَمَّن تَرَكَ الوِترَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ أيُصَلِّيها؟ قال: أرأَيتَ لَو تَرَكتَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، هَل كُنتَ تُصَلّيها؟ قال: قُلتُ: فمَه؟ قال: فمَه (^٢).\n\n٤٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان في مَسجِدِ عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فجَعَلوا يَنتَظِرونَه فجاءَ فقالَ: إنِّي كُنتُ أُوتِرُ. وقالَ: سُئلَ عبدُ اللهِ يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ هَل بَعدَ الأذانِ وِترٌ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، وبَعدَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٨٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٢ وقال: على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٣١) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به. وأحمد (١١٢٦٤)، والترمذي (٤٦٥)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٨) من طريق زيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨٥٥) من طريق مسعر. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"5","page":282},{"text":"الإِقامَةِ. قال: وحَدَّثَ عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نامَ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ ثم قامَ فصَلَّى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-982>بابُ وقتِ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٤٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ حَفصَةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - أخبرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ مِنَ الأذانِ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ وبَدا الصُّبحُ، رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ قَبلَ أن تُقامَ الصَّلاةُ (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٥٩٧ - حدثنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-983>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الاشتِغالِ بهِما بَعدَ ما أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n٤٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٦١١) عن يحيى بن حكيم به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٢٠): صحيح الإسناد إن كان محمد بن المنتشر سمع ابن مسعود، وقصة النوم صحيحة.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٢٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٤٢٩)، والبخاري (٦١٨)، والنسائي (١٧٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٢٣/ ٨٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٢٦٧ من طريق أبي الحسن العلوى به. وأحمد (٤٥٩٢) عن سفيان به.","vol":"5","page":283},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وأبو صالِحٍ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، [عن أبيه] (^١)، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ برَجُلٍ يُصلِّى وقَد أُقيمَت صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ، فكَلَّمَه بشَئٍ لا نَدرِى ما هوَ. قال: فلَمّا انصَرَفْنا أحَطنا به: ماذا قال لَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: قال: \"يوشِكُ أحَدُكُم أن يُصَلِّىَ الصُّبحَ أربَعًا! \" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ دون ذِكرِ أبيه، ثم قال: قال القَعنَبِىُّ: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مالكٍ ابنُ بُحَينَةَ عن أبيه، وقَولُه: عن أبيه. في هذا الحديثِ خَطأٌ (^٣). ورواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِىِّ عن إبراهيمَ، وقالَ: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: مَرَّ النبيُّ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبي مُزاحِمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خالِدٍ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ. فذَكَراه نَحوَ رِوايَةِ عبدِ العَزيزِ الأوَيسِىِّ، لم يَقولا فيه: عن أبيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١١/ ٦٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٥٣) من طريق محمد بن عثمان به. وأحمد (٢٢٩٢٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.","vol":"5","page":284},{"text":"٤٦٠٠ - [وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: أبصَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رجلًا يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ وقَد أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"آلصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟! آلصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟! \" (^٢). قال يَعقوبُ: الصَّحيحُ هذا، وإِبراهيمُ قَد أخطأَ في قَولِه: عن أبيهِ (^٣)] (^١).\n\n٤٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عمرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن مالِكِ بنِ بُحَينَةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ وقَد أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ ورَجُلٌ يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ فقالَ: \"تُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟ \" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ قال أبو عَوانَةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ: عن سَعدٍ (^٦). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ ابنُ إسحاقَ: عن سَعدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٤٥). والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢١٣، ٢١٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢١٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٦٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (٧١١/ ٦٦)، والنسائي (٨٦٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٧٢ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"5","page":285},{"text":"حَفصٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ (^١). قال يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ: ورواه الأوزاعِىُّ وشَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والصَّحيحُ قَولُ مَن قال: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مالكٍ، ابنُ بُحَينَةَ. وهو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مالِكِ بنِ القِشْبِ مِن أزدِ شَنوءَةَ، وأُمُّه بُحَينَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ. قالَه علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٠٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ حينَ أُقيمَت صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ، فمَرَّ بابنِ القِشْبِ وهو يُصَلِّى فقالَ: \"ابنَ القِشْبِ، أتُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟! \" (^٤). كَذا قال سُفيانُ.\n\n٤٦٠٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ بنِ بُحَينَةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلى صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ ومَعَه بلالٌ، فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٦٦٣).\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢١٤.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠. وينظر الإصابة ٦/ ٣٥٦ (٤٩٥٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٤٨٨) من طريق جعفر به.","vol":"5","page":286},{"text":"فمَرَّ بى وضرَبَ مَنكِبِى وقالَ: \"تُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟! \" (^١).\n\n٤٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ عمرَ البَكْراوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زِيادٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَرجِسَ قال: دَخَلَ رجلٌ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ أن يَصِلَ إلى الصَّفِّ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال له: \"يا فُلانُ، بأىِّ صَلاتَيكَ اعَتَدَدتَ؟ بالَّتِى صَلَّيتَ وحدَكَ أو بالَّتِى صَلَّيتَ مَعَنا؟ \" (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى وأَخَذَ المُؤَذِّنُ في الإِقامَةِ، فجَذَبَنِى النبيُّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"أتُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟ \" (^٤).\n\n٤٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٣٤) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٢٥) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٧٧)، ومسلم (٧١٢)، وأبو داود (١٢٦٥)، والنسائي (٨٦٧)، وابن ماجه (١١٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٥) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١٢).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٨٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٤٦٩) من طريق أبي عامر الخزاز به.","vol":"5","page":287},{"text":"رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ يقولُ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا صَلاةَ إلا المَكتوبَةُ\". وقالَ مَرَّةً: \"إذا قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٠٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ورقاءَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، حدثنا زكريا بنُ إسحاقَ، كُلُّهُم عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا صَلاةَ إلا المَكتوبَةُ\" (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، وعَن حَسَنٍ الحُلوانِىِّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وعَن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٩٨)، والترمذي (٤٢١)، وابن ماجه (١١٥١)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٣) من طريق روح به، وأحمد (١٠٨٧٤)، ومسلم (٧١٠/. . .)، وأبو داود (١٢٦٦)، وابن ماجه (١١٥١) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧١٠/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٢٦٦)، وأحمد (٩٨٧٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٨٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٣) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وابن ماجه (١١٥١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧١٠).","vol":"5","page":288},{"text":"وزادَ في حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ: قال يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ: قال حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ: ثم لَقيتُ عَمرًا فحَدَّثَنِى به ولَم يَرفَعْه (^١).\n\n٤٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا به أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ. فذكَر الحديثَ بزيادَتِه.\n\n٤٦٠٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ محمدٍ المَخزومِىُّ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ بنِ عمرَ. وأَخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحسنِ الحَسَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الأحْرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عمرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرحيمِ دَنُوقا، حدثنا زكريا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا صَلاةَ إلا المَكتوبَةُ (^٢). قال زكريا: قال حَمّادٌ: قال علىُّ بنُ الحَكَمِ: حَدَّثَ بهَذا عمرٌو مَرَّةً فرَفَعَه، فقالَ له رجلٌ: إنَّكَ لم تَكُنْ تَرفَعُه. قال: بَلَى. قال: لا واللهِ. قال: فسَكَتَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَفَعَه عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ سِوَى مَن ذَكَرنا زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم عقب (٧١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٦٠١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٩٨٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٨٧٣، ٤٨٧٤) من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"5","page":289},{"text":"ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، وأَبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِىُّ (^١) وجَماعَةٌ.\n\n٤٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ إسماعيلَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ نَصرِ بنِ حاجِبٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنْجِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا صَلاةَ إلا المَكتوبَةُ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ولا رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ. قال: \"ولا رَكعَتَي الفَجرِ\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: لا أعلَمُ ذكَر هَذِه الزّيادَةَ في مَتنِه غَيرَ يَحيَى بنِ نَصرٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن عمرٍو.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ: عن أحمدَ بنِ سَيّارٍ عن نَصرِ بنِ حاجِبٍ (^٣). وهو وهْمٌ، ونَصرُ بنُ حاجِبٍ المَروَزِىُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤)، وابنُه يَحيَى كَذَلِكَ (^٥). وفيما احتَجَجنا به مِنَ الأحاديثِ الصَّحيحَةِ كِفايَةٌ عن هَذِه الزّيادَةِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٣٥٦) من طريق زياد بن سعد. وفى (١٣٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢١٩٠) من طريق محمد بن جحادة. وأبو عوانة (١٣٥٨) من طريق أبان العطار. وأبو يعلى (٦٣٨٠) من طريق محمد بن مسلم الطائفى به.\n(^٢) ابن على في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٠٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣٣ من طريق نصر بن حاجب به.\n(^٤) نصر بن حاجب المروزي، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٠٣، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٦٦، والكامل ٧/ ٢٥٠٢، وتاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٥) يحيى بن نصر بن حاجب المروزي، ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٩٣، والثقات =","vol":"5","page":290},{"text":"٤٦١١ - وقَد رُوِى عن حَجّاجِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا صَلاةَ إلا المَكتوبَةُ، إلا رَكعَتَىِ الصُّبحِ\". أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ داودَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو الحَلَبِىُّ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ نُصَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ لا أصلَ لَها. وحَجّاجُ بنُ نُصَيرٍ (^٢) وعَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٣) ضعيفانِ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن حَجّاجٍ بإِسنادِه، عن مُجاهِدٍ بَدَلَ عَطاءٍ. ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nورُوِّينا عن عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان إذا رأَى رجلًا يُصَلِّى وهو يَسمَعُ الإقامَةَ ضَرَبَه (^٤).\n\n٤٦١٢ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هُدْبَةُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّه أبصَرَ رجلًا يُصَلِّى الرَّكعَتَينِ والمُؤَذِّنُ يُقيمُ فحَصَبَه، وقالَ: أتُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ أربَعًا؟ (^٥) مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n= ٩/ ٢٥٤، وتاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^١) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٤٢١ - روض) من طريق السوسى به دون ذكر الزيادة.\n(^٢) حجاج بن نصير، أبو محمد الفساطيطى البصرى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٨٠، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٦٧، والكامل ٢/ ٦٤٨، والثقات ٨/ ٢٠٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤٦١. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٥٤: ضعيف كان يقبل التلقين.\n(^٣) عباد بن كثير تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٣٤٢٩).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٣٩٨٨)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٤٨٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠٠٦) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"5","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-984>بابُ مَن أجازَ قَضاءَهُما بَعدَ الفَراغِ مِنَ الفَريضَةِ</span>\n\n٤٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ ينُ إبراهيمَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: رأَى النبيُّ - ﷺ - رجلًا يُصلِّى بَعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ رَكعَتَينِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ الصُّبحِ رَكعَتانِ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: إنِّي لم أكُنْ صَلَّيتُ الرَّكعَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما، فصَلَّيتُهُما الآنَ. فَسَكَتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٤٦١٤ - قال أبو داودَ: حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى قال: قال سُفيانُ: كان عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ عن سَعدِ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى عبدُ رَبِّه ويَحيَى ابنا سعيدٍ هذا الحديثَ مُرسَلًا، أنَّ جَدَّهُم صَلَّى مَعَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣)\n\n٤٦١٥ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّه جاءَ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ فصَلَّى معه، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قامَ فصلَّى رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ، فقالَ له النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما هاتانِ الرَّكعَتانِ؟ \". فقالَ: لم أكُنْ صَلَّيتُهُما قَبلَ الفَجرِ. فسَكَتَ ولَم يقُلْ شَيئًا. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٦٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٥٤) من طريق ابن نمير به. والترمذي (٤٢٢) من طريق سعد بن سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٢٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٢٦٨). وأخرجه الحميدي (٨٦٨) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٢٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٦١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٢٩): صحيح بما قبله.","vol":"5","page":292},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-985>بابُ مَن أجازَ قَضاءَهُما بَعدَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ إلى أن تُقامَ الظُّهرُ</span>\n\n٤٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: حدَّثَنى أبو حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: عَرَّسْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم نَستَيقِظْ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ليأخُذْ كُلُّ رجلٍ مِنكُم برأسِ راحِلَتِه، فإِنَّ هذا مَنزِلٌ حَضَرَنا الشَّيطانُ\" (^٢). ثم دَعا بالماءِ فتَوَضأَ ثم سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثم أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلَّى الغَداةَ. رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا في هَذِه القِصَّةِ عن أبي قَتادَةَ (^٤) وعِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ (^٥)، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قَضَى هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٤، ٢٧٥، وقال: صحيح على شرطهما. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١١٦)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٥٦٣) عن الربيع به. وعند ابن حبان: عن جده قيس بن قهد.\n(^٢) كذا جاء في النسخ والمهذب ٢/ ٩١٦. وتقدم في (٣٢٢١) بلفظ: \"حضرنا فيه الشيطان\"، وهو كذلك في رواية مسلم الآتية، وفي مصادر التخريج.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٨٠/ ٣١٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٩١٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩١٩، ٣٢١٧).","vol":"5","page":293},{"text":"٤٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو (^١) بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لم يُصَلِّ رَكعَتَىِ الغَداةِ فليُصَلِّ إذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٦١٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ عَبّادُ بنُ الوَليدِ الغُبَرِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ. فذكَره بمِثلِ إسنادِه، إلا أنَّه قال: عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لم يُصَلِّ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فليُصَلِّهِما\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ، واللهُ تعالَى أعلَمُ. وعَمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ ثِقَةٌ.\n\n٤٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ السّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ وعُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ أخبراه، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن نامَ عن حِزبِه أو عن شَئٍ مِنه، فقَرأه فيما بَينَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"عمر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٤٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١١٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٧٢) من طريق عمرو بن عاصم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٣٤٧).\n(^٣) في س: \"العنبرى\". وهو خطأ.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٤ وصححه، وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٢، ٣٨٣ من طريق عباد به.","vol":"5","page":294},{"text":"وصَلاةِ الظُّهرِ، كُتِبَ له كأنَّما قَرأه مِنَ اللَّيلِ\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٢٠ - ورواه مالكٌ في \"الموطإِ\" عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: مَن فاتَه حِزبُه مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقَرأَه حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ إلى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ، فكأَنَّه لم يَفُتْه - أو: كأَنَّه أدرَكَه. أخبرَناه أبو الحسينِ ابنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ. فذكَره مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n\n٤٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي تَوبَةَ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان لا يُصَلِّى مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ حَتَّى تَزولَ الشَّمسُ. قال: فصَلَّى يَومًا فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ، وذَلِكَ حينَ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ: إنِّي لم أكُنْ صَلَّيتُ رَكعَتَىِ الغَداةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في موطئه (٣٣٣)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٣١٣)، وابن ماجه (١٣٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٧١)، وأبو داود (١٣١٣)، والترمذي (٥٨١)، والنسائي (١٧٨٩) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٧).\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٧٥، ومالك ١/ ٢٠٠، ومن طريقه النسائي (١٧٩١).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠١٧) من طريق أيوب مقتصرًا على ذكر القضاء.","vol":"5","page":295},{"text":"٤٦٢٢ - [أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ فاتَته رَكعَتا الفَجرِ، فصَلَّاهُما بَعدَ أن طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٢٣ - قال مالكٌ: وبَلَغَنِى عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nورواه سُفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ] (^١) (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-986>بابُ مَن أجازَ قَضاءَ النَّوافِلِ على الإِطلاقِ</span>\nقَد مَضى في هذا حَديثُ عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العَصرِ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٢٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سليمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ العَصرِ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هاتانِ الرَّكعَتانِ؟ ما كُنتَ تُصَلِّيهِما. فقالَ: \"كُنتُ أُصَلِّيهُما بعدَ الظُّهرِ، فجاءَنِى مالٌ فشَغَلَنِى عَنهُما، فصَلَّيتُ الآنَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٤٧)، ومالك ١/ ١٢٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٢٨، ٣٢٩ من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٤٤٥٠، ٤٤٥١، ٤٤٥٣ - ٤٤٦٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٤٤٥٣).","vol":"5","page":296},{"text":"٤٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ بَحرٍ البَرِّىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا فاتَته الصَّلاةُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ مِن وجَعٍ أو غَيرِه صَلَّى مِنَ النَّهارِ ثِنتَىْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٢٦ - ورواه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ وزادَ فيه: كان إذا عَمِلَ عَمَلًا أثبَتَه. ثم قال: وكانَ إذا نامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ أو مَرِضَ صَلَّى مِنَ النَّهارِ ثِنتَىْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى الحسينُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ خَشرَمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٧٥)، والترمذي (٤٤٥)، والنسائي (١٧٨٨) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٦/ ١٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٦٩) عن على بن خشرم به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٢٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٦/ ١٤١).\nوبعده في م: \"أخبرنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظ وأبو زكريا ابن أبي إسحاق وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن القاضي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب، حدثنا بحر بن نصر قال: قرئ على ابن وهب: أخبرك يونس بن يزيد، عن ابن شهاب، أن السائب بن يزيد وعبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة أخبراه، عن عبد الرحمن بن عبد القارى قال: سمعت عمر بن الخطاب - ﵁ - يقول: قال رسول الله - ﷺ -: \"من نام عن حزبه، أو عن شيء منه، فقرأه فيما بين صلاة الفجر وصلاة الظهر كتب له كأنما قرأه من الليل\". رواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن حرملة عن ابن وهب. =","vol":"5","page":297},{"text":"٤٦٢٧ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: أىُّ الأعمالِ أحَبُّ إلى اللهِ؟ قال: \"أدوَمُها وإِن قَلَّ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-987>بابُ التَّرغيبِ (^٣) في الإِكثارِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٤٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حدَّثَنى الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: دُلَّنِى على عَمَلٍ يَنفَعُنِى اللهُ به. فسَكَتَ عَنِّى، قُلتُ: دُلَّنِى على عَمَلٍ يَنفَعُنِى اللهُ به. [فسَكَتَ عَنِّى، قُلتُ: دُلَّنِى على عَمَلٍ يَنفَعُنى اللهُ بهِ] (^٤).\n_________\n= وقد رواه مالك في \"الموطأ\"، عن داود بن الحصين، عن عبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج، عن عبد الرحمن بن عبد القارى، أن عمر بن الخطاب - ﵁ - قال: من فاته حزبه من الليل فقرأ به حين تزول الشمس إلى صلاة الظهر، فكأنه لم يفته أو كأنه أدركه. أخبرناه أبو أحمد العدل، حدثنا أبو بكر بن جعفر، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا ابن قعنب وابن بكير، عن مالك. فذكره موقوفا\". وتقدما في (٤٦١٩، ٤٦٢٠).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٣١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٦٥)، ومسلم (٧٨٢/ ٢١٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) ليس في: س.","vol":"5","page":298},{"text":"فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عَبدٍ يَسجُدُ للهِ سَجدَةً إلا رَفَعَه اللهُ بها دَرَجَةً، وحَطَّ عنه بها خَطيئَةً\". قال مَعدانُ: ثم لَقيتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ فحَدَّثَنِى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ السُّوسِىِّ وحدَه: مَعدانُ بنُ أبي طَلحَةَ. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، وزادَ فيه: \"عَلَيكَ بالسُّجودِ للهِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٦٢٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليَدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ قال: حدَّثَنى رَبيعَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأسلَمِىُّ قال: كُنتُ أبيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وآتيه بوَضوئِه وحاجَتِه فكانَ يَقومُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فيَقولُ: \"سُبحانَ رَبِّى وبِحَمدِه، سُبحانَ رَبِّى وبِحَمدِه\". الهَوِىَّ (^٣): \"سُبحانَ رَبِّ العالَمينَ، سُبحانَ رَبِّ العالَمينَ\". الهَوِىَّ، قال: فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل لَكَ حاجَةٌ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ، مُرافَقَتُكَ في الجَنَّةِ. [قال: \"أوَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ، مُرافَقَتُكَ في الجَنَّةِ] (^٤). قال: \"فأعِنِّى على\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٧٧)، والترمذي (٣٨٨، ٣٨٩)، والنسائي (١١٣٨)، وابن ماجه (١٤٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٦)، وابن حبان (١٧٣٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وليس عند ابن خزيمة رواية أبي الدرداء. وعند النسائي والترمذي: معدان بن طلحة.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٨٨).\n(^٣) الهوى: الحين الطويل من الزمان. وقيل: مختص بالليل. النهاية ٥/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٤) ليس في: س.","vol":"5","page":299},{"text":"نَفسِكَ بكَثرَةِ السُّجودِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِقلِ بنِ زيادٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن مُرَّةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: إنَّكَ ما دُمتَ في الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّكَ تَقرَعُ بابَ المَلِكِ، ومَن يُكثِرْ قَرعَ بابِ المَلِكِ يُفتَحْ لَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-988>بابُ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى مَثنَى</span>\n\n٤٦٣١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، أنَّ رجلًا سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٦٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٢٠)، والنسائي (١٦١٧)، وابن حبان (٢٥٩٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (١٦٥٧٥)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (١٢١٨)، والترمذي (٣٤١٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٧٩) من طريق يحيى به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٣٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٨٤٣٢) من طريق سفيان به. وابن المبارك في الزهد (٢١)، والطبراني (٨٩٩٦) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٥٧: رواه الطبراني في الكبير ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"5","page":300},{"text":"صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا خَشِىَ أحَدُكُمُ الصُّبحَ صَلَّى رَكعَةً توتِرُ له ما قَد صَلَّى\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضي وأبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرَ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا رأيتَ أنَّ الصُّبحَ مُدرِكُكَ فأوتِرْ برَكعَةٍ\". فقالَ رجلٌ لابنِ عمرَ: ما \"مَثنَى؟ \" قال: تُسَلِّمُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَهُم، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى فيما بَينَ أن يَفرُغَ مِن صَلاةِ العِشاءِ إلى الفَجرِ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُسَلِّمُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٣، ومن طريقه النسائي (١٦٩٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٢٦) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٩٠)، ومسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٣٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٥٩).","vol":"5","page":301},{"text":"مِن كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، ويوتِرُ بواحِدَةٍ، ويَسجُدُ بسَجدَةٍ قَدرَ ما يَقرأُ أحَدُكُم خَمسينَ آيَةً قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ رأسَه، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ مِن صَلاةِ الفَجرِ وتَبَيَّنَ له الفَجرُ قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثم اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ لِلإِقامَةِ فيَخرُجَ مَعَه. قال: وبَعضُهُم يَزيدُ على بَعضٍ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ في السَّلامِ مِن كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ بنَحوِهِ (^٢). [رواه أبو سليمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ وقالَ: فإِذا سَكَبَ (^٤) المُؤَذِّنُ بالأُولَى (^٥) مِن صَلاةِ الفَجرِ. قال: سوَيدٌ: سَكَبَ (^٤)، يُريدُ أذَّنَ وهو مِنَ الصَّبِّ (^٦)] (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-989>بابُ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ مَثنَى مَثنَى</span>\n\n٤٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ. وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في موطئه (٣٣٤)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٣٣٧)، والنسائي (٦٨٤). وسيأتي في (٤٨٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٦/ ١٢٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) في س: \"سكت\".\n(^٥) في ص، م: \"الأول\"، وفي حاشية م أشار إلى أنها في نسخة: الأولى. قال ابن حجر: المراد بالأولى الأذان الذي يؤذن به عبد دخول الوقت، وهو أول باعتبار الإقامة، ثان باعتبار الأذان الذي قبل الفجر، وجاء التأنيث إما من قبل مؤاخاته للإقامة، أو لأنه أراد المناداة أو الدعوة التامة، ويحتمل أن يكون صفة لمحذوف، والتقدير: إذا سكت عن المرة الأولى، أو: في المرة الأولى. فتح الباري ٢/ ١٠٩.\n(^٦) غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٦٧.","vol":"5","page":302},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البارِقِىِّ، عن ابنِ عمرَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ مَثنَى مَثنَى\" (^١).\n[وكَذَلِكَ رواه غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ.\n\n٤٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ عليٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ ببَغدادَ قَرأتُ عليه فأَقَرَّ به، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ فَهْمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا غُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ الأزدِىِّ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ مَثنَى مَثنَى\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ] (^٢). أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سليمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ قال: سُئلَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ عن حَديثِ يَعلَى أصَحيحٌ هوَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: وقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: كان ابنُ عمرَ لا يُصَلِّى أربَعًا لا يَفصِلُ بَينَهُنَّ إلا المَكتوبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٤٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٩٥). صححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥١).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٢٢)، والنسائي (١٦٦٥)، وابن ماجه (١٣٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢١٠)، وابن حبان (٢٤٨٣) من طريق غندر به. وقال النسائي: هذا الحديث عندى خطأ. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٩٠). والإسناد هكذا في المطبوعة، سقط منه ذكر على بن عبد الله البارقى. وهو مذكور في المصادر.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٤٨٢) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٥١). وهو في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٨٥.","vol":"5","page":303},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ (^١) أبي سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ حدَّثه، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرَ يقولُ: صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ مَثنَى مَثنَى. يُريدُ به التَّطَوُّعَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عمرٍو (^٣). وابنُ أبي سلمةَ هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي سَلَمَةَ.\n\n٤٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نافِعِ بنِ العَمياءِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ العباسِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الصَّلاةُ مَثنَى مَثنَى، تَشَهَّدُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثم تَضَرَّعُ وتَخَشَّعُ، وتَمَسكَنُ وتَرفَعُ يَدَيكَ - يَقولُ: - تَستَقبِلُ بهِما وجهَكَ وتَقولُ: يا رَبِّ يا رَبِّ. فمَن لم يَفعَلْ فهِىَ خِداجٌ\" (^٤). خالَفَه شُعبَةُ في إسنادِهِ.\n\n٤٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، ص ٢. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٥٥.\n(^٢) ابن وهب في موطئه (٣٤٨)، وعنه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ٩٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٨٥ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢١٣) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٧٩٩)، والترمذي (٣٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦١٥) من طريق الليث به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩١٩: تابعه ابن لهيعة، وخالفهما شعبة فرواه عن عبد ربه فجعله من مسند مطلب بن ربيعة. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (٦٠).","vol":"5","page":304},{"text":"حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ وأبو النَّضرِ ورَوحٌ وفَهدُ بنُ حَيّانَ ووَهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ أبي أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نافِعِ بنِ العَمياءِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن المُطَّلِبِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الصَّلاةُ مَثنَى مَثنَى، وتَشَهَّدُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، وتَباءَسُ وتَمَسكَنُ، وأقنِعْ يَدَيكَ وقُل: اللَّهُمَّ، اللَّهُمَّ. فمَن لم يَفعَلْ ذَلِكَ فهِىَ خِداجٌ، فهِىَ خِداجٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ. وفِي حَديثِهِم: \"وتُقنِعُ بيَدَيكَ وتَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ. فإِن لم تَفعَلْ ذَلِكَ فهِىَ خِداجٌ\" (^١).\nوفيما قَرأتُ في كِتابِ \"العلل\" لأبِى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ، قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ يقولُ في هذا الحديثِ: رِوايَةُ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وشُعبَةُ أخطأَ في هذا الحديثِ في مَواضِعَ؛ قال: عن أنَسِ بنِ أبي أنَسٍ. وإِنَّما هو عِمرانُ بنُ أبي أنَسٍ، وقالَ: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ. وإِنَّما هو: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نافِعٍ عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، ورَبيعَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ هو ابنُ المُطَّلِبِ، فقالَ هو: عن المُطَّلِبِ. ولَم يَذكُرْ فيه: عنِ الفَضلِ بنِ عَبّاسٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٢٩) عن روح به. وأحمد (١٧٥٢٣)، وأبو داود (١٢٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦١٦) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٨٢).\n(^٢) العلل ص ٨٢.","vol":"5","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-990>بابُ مَن أجازَ أن يُصَلِّىَ أربَعًا لا يُسَلِّمُ إلا في آخِرِهِنَّ</span>\n\n٤٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مِنجابٍ، عن القَرثَعِ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ. فقالَ أبو أيّوبَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما هَذِهِ الصَّلاةُ؟ قال: \"إنَّ أبوابَ السَّماءِ تُفتَحُ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ، فلا تُرتَجُ (^١) حَتَّى يُصَلَّى الظُّهرُ، فأُحِبُّ أن يَصعَدَ لِى فيهِنَّ خَيرٌ قبلَ أن تُرتَجَ أبوابُ السَّمَواتِ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تَقرأُ فيهِنَّ - أو يُقرأُ فيهِنَّ - كُلِّهِنَّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فيهِنَّ سَلامٌ فاصِلٌ؟ قال: \"لا، إلا في آخِرِهِنَّ\" (^٢). وبِمَعناه رواه محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ عن عُبَيدَةَ بنِ مُعَتِّبٍ.\n\n٤٦٤٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدَةُ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ أيضًا، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زكريا، حدثنا عُبَيدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن سَهمِ بنِ مِنجابٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن القَرثَعِ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ قال: أدمَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ يُصَلّيهِنَّ حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ في مَنزِلِ أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ، قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هَذِه الصَّلاةُ الَّتِي تُصَلّيها؟ فذكَر الحديثَ\n_________\n(^١) رتج الباب رتجا: أغلق. الفائق ٢/ ٣٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٢٢٦ - منتخب) عن يعلى به.","vol":"5","page":306},{"text":"بمَعناه (^١)، قال: وهَذا حَديثُ إسماعيلَ بنِ زكريا وهو أتَمُّ. وكَذَلِكَ رواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ (^٢) وغَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ عن عُبَيدَةَ. وقيل: عن شُعبَةَ، عن عُبَيدَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن سَهمِ بنِ مِنجابٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن قَرثَعٍ، عن أبي أيّوبَ (^٣). وقيل: عن قَرثَعٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ وهو خَطأٌ. وعُبَيدَةُ بنُ مُعَتِّبٍ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بخَبَرِهِ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: بَلَغَنِى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ: لَو حَدَّثتُ عن عُبَيدَةَ بشَئٍ لَحَدَّثتُ عنه بهَذا الحَديثِ. قال أبو داودَ: عُبَيدَةُ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ غَيرِ قَوِىٍّ عن أبي أيّوبَ:\n\n٤٦٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدَّثَنى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ الصَّلتِ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي في الشمائل (٢٧٩) من طريق هشيم به. وفيه: عن قرثع الضبى، أو عن قزعة عن قرثع. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١١٥٧) مختصرًا من طريق عبيدة به.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٥٩٨)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٢١٤) عن شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٧٠) من طريق شعبة به، فأسقط قزعة من الإسناد.\n(^٤) عبيدة بن معتب، أبو عبد الكريم، وقيل: أبو عبد الرحمن الضبى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٢٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٩٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٦٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٢٧٣. قال الذهبي في المهذب ٢/ ٩٢٠: ضعيف الحديث. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٤٨: ضعيف واختلط بأخرة.\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (١٢٧٠).","vol":"5","page":307},{"text":"أيّوبَ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - (ح). وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن رجلٍ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى أربَعًا قَبلَ الظُّهرِ، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تُديمُ هَذِه الصَّلاةَ. فقالَ: \"إذا زالَتِ الشمسُ فُتِحَت أبوابُ السَّماءِ، وأُحِبُّ أن أُقَدِّمَ قبلَ أن تُرْتَجَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ.\nوقَد ورَدَ الحَديثُ الثّابِتُ بإِجازَةِ خَمسٍ لا يَتَشَهَّدُ ولا يُسَلِّمُ فيهِنَّ إلا في آخِرِهِنَّ في الوِترِ، وبِإِجازَةِ تِسعٍ لا يَقعُدُ إلا في الثّامِنَةِ، ولا يُسَلِّمُ إلا في التّاسِعَةِ، وذَلِكَ أيضًا في الوِترِ مَذكورٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-991>بابُ مَن أجازَ أن يُصَلِّىَ بلا عَقدِ عَدَدٍ</span>\n\n٤٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ قال: حدَّثَنى هارونُ بنُ رِئابٍ قال: دَخَلَ الأحنَفُ بنُ قَيسٍ مَسجِدَ دِمَشقَ فإِذا برَجُلٍ يُكثِرُ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ، فقالَ: واللهِ لا أبرَحُ حَتَّى أنظُرَ على شَفعٍ يَنصَرِفُ أم على وِترٍ. قال: فلَمّا انصَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ قال له: يا عبدَ اللهِ هَل تَدرِى أعَلَى شَفعٍ انصَرَفتَ أم على وِترٍ؟ قال: ألَّا أكونَ أدرِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٥١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢١٥) من طريق شريك به. وابن خزيمة (١٢١٥) من طريق مؤمل به. وأحمد (٢٣٥٦٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ينظر ما سيأتي في (٤٨٦٢ - ٤٨٧٤).","vol":"5","page":308},{"text":"فإِنَّ اللهَ يَدرِى، إنِّي سَمِعتُ خَليلِى أبا القاسِمِ صَلَواتُ اللهِ عليه وسَلامُه يقولُ. ثم بَكَى، ثم قال: إنِّي سَمِعتُ خَليلِى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عَبدٍ يَسجُدُ للهِ سَجدَةً إلارَفَعَه اللهُ بها دَرَجَةً، وحَطَّ عنه بها خَطيئَةً\". قال: فقالَ الأحنَفُ بنُ قَيسٍ: مَن أنتَ يَرحَمُكَ اللهُ؟ قال: أبو ذَرٍّ. قال: فتَقاصَرَتْ إلَىَّ نَفسِى مِمّا وقَعَ في نَفسِى عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-992>بابُ صَلاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ قائمًا وقاعِدًا</span>\n\n٤٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحسنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُكثِرُ الصَّلاةَ قائمًا وقاعِدًا، فإِذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قائمًا رَكَعَ قائمًا، وإِذا افتَتَحَ الصَّلاةَ قاعِدًا رَكَعَ قاعِدًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٤٦٤٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الجُرَيرِىُّ (ح) وأَخبَرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٥٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٢١: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٨٩). وتقدم في (٤٥٣٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٣٠/ ١١٠).","vol":"5","page":309},{"text":"أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: هَل كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى وهو قاعِدٌ؟ قالَت: نَعَم، بَعدَ ما حَطَمَه النّاسُ (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ أبي سليمانَ، أنَّ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ أخبرَه، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أخبرَته، أنَّ رسول اللهِ - ﷺ - لم يَمُتْ حَتَّى كان كَثيرًا مَن صَلاتِه وهو جالِسٌ (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٤٦ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ قال: حدَّثَنى الضَّحّاكُ يَعنِى ابنَ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كان أكثَرُ صَلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٢٩)، والنسائي (١٦٥٦)، وابن حبان (٢٥٢٧) من طريق يزيد به.\nوقولها: \"حطمه الناس\". يقال حطم فلانا أهلُه إذا كبر فيهم كأنه لِما حمَله من أمورهم وأثقالهم والاعتناء بمصالحهم صيروه شيخا محطوما. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٣.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٢/ ١١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي في الشمائل (٢٦٨)، والنسائي (١٦٥٥) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٢٥٣٦١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٣٢/ ١١٦).","vol":"5","page":310},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ ثَقُلَ وبَدَّنَ (^١) وهو جالِسٌ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مَن حَديثِ الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهْليّانِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبي وداعَةَ السَّهمِىِّ، عن حَفصَةَ - ﵂ - أنّها قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى في سُبحَتِه (^٤) قاعِدًا حَتَّى كان قَبلَ وفاتِه بعامٍ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى في سُبحَتِه قاعِدًا، وكانَ يَقرأُ بالسّورَةِ فيُرَتِّلُها حَتَّى تكونَ أطوَلَ مِن أطوَلَ مِنها (^٥). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n\n٤٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما قاله المصنف عقب (٢٦٣٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٠٢) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٣٢/ ١١٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"سبحة\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٣٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٤٤٢)، والترمذي (٣٧٣)، والنسائي (١٦٥٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٥٠٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٧٣٣/ ١١٨).","vol":"5","page":311},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ [بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ] (^١)، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - لم يَمُتْ حَتَّى صَلَّى قاعِدًا (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-993>بابُ مَنِ افتَتَحَ صَلاةَ التَّطَوُّعِ جالِسًا ثم قامَ، ومَن عادَ إلى القُعودِ بَعدَ القيامِ</span>\n\n٤٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها أخبرَته أنَّها لم تَرَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ اللَّيلِ قاعِدًا قَطُّ حَتَّى أسَنَّ، فكانَ يَقرأُ قاعِدًا حَتَّى إذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ قامَ، فقَرأَ نَحوًا مِن ثَلاثينَ أو أربَعينَ آيَةً ثم رَكَعَ (^٤). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n٤٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بن أبي حازم غرزة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٢٠٠٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٣٤).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٣٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٩٥٣)، والنسائي (١٦٤٨)، وابن ماجه (١٢٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٤٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١١١٨)، ومسلم (٧٣١/ ١١١).","vol":"5","page":312},{"text":"ابنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عمرَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ وأَبِى النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى جالِسًا فيَقرأُ وهو جالِسٌ، فإِذا بَقِىَ مِن قراءتِه قَدرُ ما يَكونُ ثَلاثينَ أو أربَعينَ آيَةً، قامَ فقَرأَ وهو قائمٌ، ثم رَكَعَ ثم سَجَدَ، ثم يَفعَلُ في الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي هِشامٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ وهو قاعِدٌ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ قامَ قَدرَ ما يَقرأُ إنسانٌ أربَعينَ آيَةً (^٣). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٩٥٤) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم من طريق يحيى في (٣٧٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١١٩)، ومسلم (٧٣١/ ١١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٢٦)، والنسائي (١٦٤٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٤٤) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٣١/ ١١٣).","vol":"5","page":313},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-994>بابُ فضلِ صَلاةِ القائمِ على صَلاةِ القاعِدِ</span>\n\n٤٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الأزرَقِ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُكتِبُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: سأَلتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ وهو قاعِدٌ، فقالَ: \"مَن صَلَّى قائمًا فهوَ أفضَلُ، ومَن صَلَّى قاعِدًا فلَه نِصفُ أجرِ القائمِ، ومَن صَلَّى نائمًا فلَه نِصفُ أجرِ القاعِدِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الوارِثِ، وفي حَديثِ إسحاقَ أنَّه سألَ النبيَّ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةِ القاعِدِ. والباقِى مِثلُه. وفِي حَديثِ يَزيدَ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ سَعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ بنَ يِسافٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي يَحيَى الأعرَجِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٧٤) عن إسحاق بن الأزرق به. وتقدم في (٣٧٣٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١١٦).","vol":"5","page":314},{"text":"عمرٍو، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ القاعِدِ على النِّصفِ مِن صَلاةِ القائمِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢). و(^٣) في حديثِ جريرٍ عن مَنصورٍ تَخصيصُ النبيِّ - ﷺ - بالصَّلاةِ جالِسًا، وأَنَّ قَولَه: \"صَلاةُ القاعِدِ على النِّصفِ مَن صَلاةِ القائمِ\". في غَيرِه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ تعالَى في بابِ الخَصائصِ في أوَّلِ كِتابِ النِّكَاحِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-995>بابُ التَّطَوُّعِ على الرّاحِلَةِ غَيرَ المَكتوبَةِ</span>\nقَد مَضَتِ الأحاديثُ فيهِ (^٥).\n\n٤٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُسَبِّحُ على الرّاحِلَةِ قِبَلَ أىِّ وجهٍ تَوَجَّهَ، ويوتِرُ عَلَيها، غَيرَ أنَّه لا يُصَلِّى عَلَيها المَكتوبَةَ (^٦). لَيسَ في\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٤٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨٠٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٩٥٠)، والنسائي (١٦٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٥/. . .).\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٣٥١٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٢٤٢ - ٢٢٤٨).\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٢٢٤)، وابن وهب في موطئه (٣٤٤). وتقدم في (٢٢٤٩).","vol":"5","page":315},{"text":"حَديثِ أبي داودَ \"قِبَلَ\". رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^١). وقَد أخرَجتُه عاليًا فيما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٤٦٥٥ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ كان يُصلِّى على بَعيرِه حَيثُ تَوَجَّهَ به، وأَخبَرَهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ، وأَنَّ عبدَ اللهِ كان يوتِرُ على بَعيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-996>بابُ قيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٤٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -؛ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٤). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٠٠/ ٣٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٤٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٢٤٣).\n(^٤) الموطأ برواية أبي مصعب (٢٧٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٤)، والبخاري (٣٧)، وأبو داود، كما في تحفة الأشراف ٩/ ٣٢٩، والنسائي (١٦٠١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٠٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٥٩/ ١٧٣)، والبخاري (٢٠٠٩).","vol":"5","page":316},{"text":"٤٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرحمنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنْ قامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\". رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١).\n\n٤٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبْعِىُّ (^٢) وأبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ الصَّفّارُ الأديبُ (^٣) لَفظًا قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ لِرَمَضانَ: \"مَن قامَه إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٤).\n\n٤٦٥٩ - وأَخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو الحسنِ السُّبْعِىُّ (٢) وأبو سعيدٍ الأديبُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ وحُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَه سَواءً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠٠٨).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"السبيعى\". وهو: على بن محمد بن محمد بن جعفر، أبو الحسن السبعى. تقدم في (١٢١١).\n(^٣) سمع الأصم، روى، عنه المصنف ومحمد بن يحيى. توفى سنة (٤٢٠ هـ). تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٩٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢١٩٣) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وابن حبان (٢٥٤٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (١٦٠٢) من طريق مالك به.","vol":"5","page":317},{"text":"ورواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ فقالَ: \"مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ\". وقالَ: \"مَن قامَ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٦٦٠ - وأَخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ الحسنِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُرَغِّبُ في قيامِ رَمَضانَ مِن غَيرِ أن يأْمُرَهُم فيه بعَزيمَةٍ فيَقولُ: \"مَن قامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\". فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والأمرُ على ذَلِكَ. زادَ أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: في خِلافَةِ أبي بكرٍ وصَدرٍ مِن خِلافَةِ عمرَ - ﵄ - (^٢). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٦١ - [ورواه أيضًا مالكٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه وقالَ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والأمرُ] (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٠)، والبخاري (٢٠١٤)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٢)، والنسائي (٢٢٠١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٢٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٧١٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٨٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٧١)، والترمذي (٨٠٨)، والنسائي (٢١٩٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٠٣) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٥٩/ ١٧٤).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":318},{"text":"[على ذَلِكَ، وكانَ الأمرُ على ذَلِكَ في صَدرِ خِلافَةِ أبي بكرٍ، وصَدرٍ مِن خِلافَةِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵄ -. أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢)] (^١).\n\n٤٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحسينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، أخبرَنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى في المَسجِدِ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فصَلَّى بصَلاتِه ناسٌ، ثم صَلَّى مِنَ القابِلَةِ فكَثُرَ النّاسُ، ثم اجتَمَعوا مِنَ اللَّيلَةِ الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ، فلَم يَخرُجْ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا أصبَحَ قال: \"قَد رأيتُ الذي صَنَعتُم، فلَم يَمنَعْنِى مِنَ الخُروجِ إلَيكُم إلا أنِّى خَشيتُ أن تُفرَضَ عَلَيكُم\". قال: وذَلِكَ في رَمَضانَ. لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلا أنَّ ابنَ أبي أُوَيسٍ قال: عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). رواه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١١٣، ١١٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٨٤٣)، وأبو داود (١٣٧١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٠٢). وعند مالك قول ابن شهاب فقط.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١١٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٦)، والبخاري (١١٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٣)، والنسائي (١٦٠٣).","vol":"5","page":319},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٦٦٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحسينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا [أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ] (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ - أخبرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ لَيلَةً مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ يُصَلِّى في المَسجِدِ، فصَلَّى رِجالٌ يُصَلُّونَ (^٣) بصَلاتِه، فأَصبَحَ النّاسُ فتَحَدَّثوا بذَلِكَ، فاجتَمَعَ أكثَرُ مِنهُم، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - اللَّيلَةَ الثّانيَةَ، فصَلَّى فصَلَّوْا معه، فأَصبَحَ النّاسُ فتَحَدَّثوا بذَلِكَ، فكَثُرَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ مِنَ اللَّيلَةِ الثّالِثَةِ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّوْا بصَلاتِه، فلَمّا كانَتِ اللَّيلَةُ الرّابِعَةُ عَجَزَ المَسجِدُ عن أهلِه، فلَم يَخرُجْ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فطَفِقَ رِجالٌ مِنهُم يَقولونَ: الصَّلاةَ. فلَم يَخرُجْ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى خَرَجَ لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ فتَشَهَّدَ، ثم قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإنَّه لم يَخفَ عَلَىَّ شأنُكُمُ اللَّيلَةَ، ولَكِنِّى خَشيتُ أن تُفرَضَ عَلَيكُم فتَعجِزوا عَنها\". وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُرَغِّبُهُم في قيامِ رَمَضانَ مِن غَيرِ أن يأمُرَهُم بعَزيمَةِ أمرٍ فيه، فيَقولُ: \"مَن قامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\". فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والأمرُ على ذَلِكَ، ثم كان الأمرُ على ذَلِكَ خِلافَةَ أبي بكرٍ وصَدرًا مِن خِلافَةِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵄ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠١١)، ومسلم (٧٦١/ ١٧٧).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"محمد بن عبيد\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وليست في مصادر التخريج.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٤٦)، وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٦٢)، ومسلم (٧٦١)، وابن حبان (٢٥٤٣ - =","vol":"5","page":320},{"text":"٤٦٦٤ - قال عُروَةُ: وأَخبَرَنِى عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَبدٍ القارِىُّ، وكانَ مِن عُمّالِ عمرَ - ﵁ -، وكانَ يَعمَلُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ على بَيتِ مالِ المُسلِمينَ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَرَجَ لَيلَةً في رَمَضانَ، فخَرَجَ معه عبدُ الرحمنِ فطافَ في المَسجِدِ، وأَهلُ المَسجِدِ أوزاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقونَ، يُصَلِّى الرَّجُلُ لِنَفسِه، ويُصَلِّى الرَّجُلُ فيُصَلِّى بصَلاتِه الرَّهطُ. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: واللهِ لأظُنُّ لَو جَمَعناهُم على قارِئٍ واحِدٍ لَكانَ أمثَلَ. فعَزَمَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على أن يَجمَعَهُم على قارِئٍ واحِدٍ، فأَمَرَ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ - ﵁ - أن يَقومَ بهِم في رَمَضانَ، فخَرَجَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - والنّاسُ يُصَلّونَ بصَلاةِ قارِئٍ لَهُم، ومَعَه عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ عَبدٍ القارِىُّ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: نِعمَ البِدعَةُ هَذِه، والَّتِى يَنامونَ عَنها أفضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِى يَقومونَ. يُريدُ آخِرَ اللَّيلِ، وكانَ النّاسُ يَقومونَ في أوَّلِه (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ دونَ حَديثِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ (^٢)، وإِنَّما أخرَجَ حَديثَ عبدِ الرحمنِ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٤٦٦٥ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَبدٍ القارِىِّ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لَيلَةً في رَمَضانَ إلى المَسجِدِ، فإِذا النّاسُ أوزاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقونَ يُصَلِّى الرَّجُلُ لِنَفسِه، ويُصَلِّى الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n= ٢٥٤٥) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٤٧). وأخرجه في المعرفة (١٣٦٤) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٢٤).","vol":"5","page":321},{"text":"فيُصَلِّى بصَلاتِه الرَّهطُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: واللَّهِ إنِّي لأرَى لَو جَمَعتُ هَؤُلاءِ على قارِئٍ واحِدٍ لَكانَ أمثَلَ. ثم عَزَمَ فجَمَعَهُم على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ. قال: ثم خَرَجتُ معه لَيلَةً أُخرَى والنّاسُ يُصَلّونَ بصَلاةِ قارِئهِم، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: نِعمَ البِدعَةُ هَذِه، والَّتِى يَنامونَ عَنها أفضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِى يَقومونَ. يُريدُ آخِرَ اللَّيلِ، وكانَ النّاسُ يَقومونَ أوَّلَه (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالِكٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويَه الدِّينَوَرِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَنْبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ يَعنِى المَخزومِىَّ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - جَمَعَ النّاسَ على قيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، الرِّجالَ على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، والنِّساءَ على سليمانَ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٦٧ - وأخبرَنا الحسينُ بنُ فنجُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ ماهانَ الرّازِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، حدثنا عَرفَجَةُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١١٤، ١١٥. وأخرجه المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٢١)، والشعب (٣٢٦٩) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠١٠).\n(^٣) الحسين بن محمد بن الحسين بن عبد الله، أبو عبد الله الثقفى الدينورى، كان ثقة صدوقا كثير الحديث، كثير التصانيف. توفى سنة (٤١٤ هـ). المنتخب (٥٥٦)، السير ١٧/ ٣٨٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥١٢٤)، وابن سعد ٥/ ٢٦ من طريق سفيان به مقتصرين على ذكر إمامة سليمان للنساء. وابن أبي شيبة (٦٢٠٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"5","page":322},{"text":"الثَّقَفِىُّ قال: كان علىُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يأمُرُ النّاسَ بقيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، ويَجعَلُ لِلرِّجالِ إمامًا، ولِلنِّساءِ إمامًا. قال عَرفَجَةُ: فكُنتُ أنا إمامَ النِّساءِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-997>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ صَلاةَ التَّراويحِ وغَيرَها مِن صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ بالانفِرادِ أفضَلُ</span>\n\n٤٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ قادِمٍ المَروَزِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ بشرٍ المَرثَدِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - اتَّخَذَ حُجرَةً (^٢). قال: حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: مِن حَصيرٍ في رَمَضانَ، فصَلَّى فيها لَيالِىَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ المَرثَدِىِّ: لَيلَتَينِ، فصَلَّى بصَلاتِه ناسٌ مِن أصحابِه، فلَمّا عَلِمَ بهِم جَعَلَ يَقعُدُ، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم فقالَ: \"قَد عَرَفتُ الذي رأيتُ مِن صَنيعِكُم، فصَلُّوا أيُّها النّاسُ في بُيوتِكُم، فإِنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّلاةِ صَلاةُ المَرءِ في بَيتِه إلا المَكتوبَةَ\" (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةِ المَروَزِىِّ والمَرثَدِىِّ: عن سالِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٧٣)، وفضائل الأوقات (١٢٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢٠٥) عن مروان بن معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (٥١٢٥) من طريق الثقفى به.\n(^٢) أي: حَوَّط موضعا من المسجد بحصير ليستره ليصلى فيه ولا يمر بين يديه مار. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ٦٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٧٩) عن ابن عبدان به. وفى الصغرى (٨٥١) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٨٢)، والبخاري (٧٢٩٠)، والنسائي (١٥٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠٤)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩١) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"5","page":323},{"text":"أبى النَّضرِ. رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن بَهزٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^١).\n\n٤٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عمرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ قال (^٢): قال له رجلٌ: أُصَلِّى خَلفَ الإمامِ في رَمَضانَ؟ قال، يَعنِى ابنَ عمرَ: ألَيسَ تَقرأُ القُرآنَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قالَ: أفَتُنصِتُ كأَنَّكَ حِمارٌ؟ صَلِّ في بَيتِكَ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَني عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان يَقومُ في بَيتِه في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فإِذا انصرَفَ النّاسُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ أخَذَ إداوَةً مِن ماءٍ، ثم يَخرُجُ (^٤) إلى مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثم لا يَخرُجُ مِنه حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ فيه الصُّبحَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٣١)، ومسلم (٧٨١/ ٢١٤).\n(^٢) أي: مجاهد.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٤٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) في ص ٢: \"خرج\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٤٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٨٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٥١ من طريق نافع به بلفظ: لا يقوم خلف الإمام في رمضان.","vol":"5","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-998>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّها بالجَماعَةِ أفضَلُ</span>\n\n٤٦٧١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الصَّنعانِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى الصَّنعانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، عن الثَّورِيِّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ الحَرَشِىِّ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: صُمنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَمَضانَ، فلَم يَقُمْ بنا مِنَ الشَّهرِ شَيئًا حَتَّى كانَت لَيلَةُ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ قامَ بنا حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَحوٌ مِن ثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ، ثم لم يَقُمْ بنا مِنَ اللَّيلَةِ الرّابِعَةِ، وقامَ بنا في اللَّيلَةِ الخامِسَةِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَحوٌ مِن نِصفِ اللَّيلِ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَو نَفَّلتَنا بَقيَّةَ اللَّيلَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الإِنسانَ إذا قامَ مَعَ الإمامِ حَتَّى يَنصَرِفَ كُتِبَ له بَقيَّةُ لَيلَتِه\". ثم لم يَقُمْ بنا السّادِسَةَ، وقامَ السَّابِعَةَ، وبَعَثَ إلى أهلِه، واجتَمَعَ النّاسُ حَتَّى خَشينا أن يَفوتَنا الفَلاحُ. قال: قُلتُ: وما الفَلاحُ؟ قال: السُّحورُ (^١).\nورواه وُهَيبٌ عن داودَ قال: لَيلَةُ أربَعٍ وعِشرينَ؛ السّابِعُ مِمّا يَبقَى. وقالَ: لَيلَةُ سِتٍّ وعِشرينَ؛ الخامِسُ مِمّا يَبقَى، ولَيلَةُ ثَمانِ وعِشرينَ؛ الثالِثُ مِمّا يَبقَى (^٢). وبِمَعناه رواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ ويَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وغَيرُهُما عن داوُدَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٧٠٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٤٤٧) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسي (٤٦٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في التهجد وقيام الليل (٤٠٢)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٩٩١) من طريق هشيم به. والدارمى (١٨١٨)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٢٧).","vol":"5","page":325},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رواه غَيرُ عبدِ الرزاقِ عن الثَّورِيِّ (^١)، ورواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن داودَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرزاقِ عن الثَّورِيِّ، وكَذَلِكَ محمدُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِيُّ عن داودَ، ورِوايَةُ وُهَيبٌ ومَن تابَعَه أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-999>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّها بالجَماعَةِ أفضَلُ لِمَن لا يَكونُ حافِظًا لِلقُرآنِ</span>\n\n٤٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِي وأبو عبد الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبرَكَ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَلمانَ وبَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، أنَّ ثَعلَبَةَ بنَ أبى مالكٍ القُرَظِيَّ حدَّثه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ في رَمَضانَ، فرأَى ناسًا في ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ يُصَلُّونَ، فقالَ: \"ما يَصنَعُ هَؤُلاءِ؟ \". قال قائلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلاءِ ناسٌ لَيس مَعَهُم قُرآنٌ، وأُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ يَقرأُ وهُم معه يُصَلّونَ بصَلاتِهِ. قال: \"قَد أحسَنوا\" أو: \"قَد أصابوا\". ولَم يَكرَهْ ذَلِكَ لَهُم (^٢).\n\n٤٦٧٣ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني بَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ وعَبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ سَلمانَ الحَجْرِيُّ. فذكَره بمِثلِهِ. قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وأَحَدُهُما يَزيدُ على صاحِبِه الكَلِمَةَ ونَحوَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨١٩)، والبزار (٤٠٤١، ٤٠٤٢) من طريق سفيان.\n(^٢) ابن وهب في موطنه (٣٠١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٦٣)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (١٢٢).","vol":"5","page":326},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هذا مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ. ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ أبى مالكٍ القُرَظِيُّ مِنَ الطَّبَقَةِ الأولَى مِن تابِعِى أهلِ المَدينَةِ، وقَد أخرَجَه ابنُ مَندَه في الصَّحابَةِ (^١)، وقيل: له رُؤيَةٌ. وقيل: سِنُّه سِنُّ عَطيَّةَ القُرَظِىِّ، أُسِرا يَومَ قُرَيظَةَ ولَم يُقتَلا، ولَيسَت له صُحبَةٌ.\nوقَد روِى بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ إلا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٤٦٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن العَلاءَ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فإِذا أُناسٌ في رَمَضانَ يُصلُّونَ في ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"ما هَؤُلاءِ؟ \". فقيلَ: هَؤُلاءِ أُناسٌ لَيسَ مَعَهُم قُرآنٌ، وأُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ يُصَلِّى وهُم يُصَلّونَ بصَلاتِه، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أصابوا، ونِعمَ ما صَنَعوا\". قال أبو داودَ: هذا الحَديثُ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ، مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويَه الدِّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ الحسينِ بنِ عمرَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرْقُفِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرَ العَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: كُنّا نأخُذُ الصِّبيانَ مِنَ الكُتّابِ ليَقوموا بنا في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فنَعمَلُ لَهُمُ\n_________\n(^١) معرفة الصحابة ١/ ٣٦٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٧٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٠٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٥٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"5","page":327},{"text":"القَليَّةَ (^١) والخَشكَنانجَ (^٢) (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1000>بابُ ما رُوِى في عَدَدِ رَكَعاتِ القيامِ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٤٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدَّثَنى مالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ -: كَيفَ كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ؟ فقالَت: ما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَزيدُ في رَمَضانَ ولا في غَيرِ رَمَضانَ على إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُصَلِّى أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثم يُصَلَّى أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثم يُصَلِّى ثَلاثًا، قالَت عائشَةُ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أتَنامُ قَبلَ أن توتِرَ؟ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنَّ عَينَيَّ تَنامانِ ولا يَنامُ قَلبِى\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي حَديثِ ابنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ أنَّه سألَ عائشةَ زَوجَ النبيِّ - ﷺ -. رواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) القلية: ما يقلى من الطعام ونحوه، ومرقة تتخذ من اللحوم والأكباد. المعجم الوسيط ٢/ ٧٨٦.\n(^٢) الخشكنانُ: خبزة تصنع من خالص دقيق الحنطة، وتملأ بالسكر واللوز أو الفستق وتقلى. فارسى. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٣١). وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٩٣ من طريق العباس الترقفى به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٧٢: حفص واه.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه (٦٠٥). وسيأتي في (٤٧٣٥، ١٣٥١٧).","vol":"5","page":328},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى في شَهرِ رّمَضانَ في غَيرِ جَماعَةٍ بعِشرينَ رَكعَةً والوِترَ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو شَيبَةَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عثمانَ العَبسِىُّ الكوفِيُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ ابنِ أُختِ السّائبِ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّه قال: أمَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ وتَميمًا الدّارِىَّ أن يَقوما لِلنّاسِ بإِحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، وكانَ القارِئُ يَقرأُ بالمِئينَ (^٤)، حَتَّى كنّا نَعتَمِدُ على العِصىِّ مِن طولِ القيامِ، وما كُنّا نَنصَرِفُ إلا في فُروعِ الفَجرِ (^٥). هَكَذا في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n٤٦٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠١٣)، ومسلم (٣٣٨/ ١٢٥).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٤٥ من طريق البغوي به. وعبد ابن حميد (٦٥٢ - منتخب) من طريق أبى شيبة بلفظ: عشرين ركعة، ويوتر بثلاث.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه في (٦٨٣).\n(^٤) في س: \"بالمائتين\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١١٥، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى، كما في تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٢٢ (١٠٤٤٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩٣. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٦٧) من طريق ابن بكير به.","vol":"5","page":329},{"text":"فنجُويَه الدِّينَوَرِيُّ بالدّامَغانِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ السُّنِّيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كانوا يَقومونَ على عَهدِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ بعِشرينَ رَكعَةً. قال: وكانوا يَقرَءونَ بالمِئينِ، وكانوا يَتَوَكَّئونَ على عِصِيِّهِم في عَهدِ عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ - ﵁ - مِن شِدَّةِ القيامِ (^١).\n\n٤٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ قال: كان النّاسُ يَقومونَ في زَمانِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في رَمَضانَ بثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ رَكعَةً (^٢).\nويُمكِنُ الجَمعُ بَينَ الرِّوايَتَينِ، فإِنَّهُم كانوا يَقومونَ بإِحدَى عَشْرَةَ، ثم كانوا يَقومونَ بعِشرينَ ويوتِرونَ بثَلاثٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٦٨١ - وأَخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الخَصيبِ قال: كان يَؤُمُّنا سُوَيدُ بنُ غَفَلَةَ في رَمَضانَ فيُصَلِّى خَمسَ تَرويحاتٍ عِشرينَ رَكعَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٢٧)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٨٤٤). وأخرجه الفريابى في الصيام (١٧٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه مالك ١/ ١١٥، ومن طريقه الفريابى فى الصيام (١٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٢٨ من طريق جعفر به.","vol":"5","page":330},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن شُتَيرِ بنِ شَكَلٍ، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان يَؤُمُّهُم في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ بعِشرينَ رَكعَةً، ويوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ (^١).\n\n٤٦٨٢ - وفِي ذَلِكَ قوَّةٌ لِما أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى بنِ عَبدَكَ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ عمرُو بنُ تَميمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: دَعا القُرّاءَ في رَمَضانَ، فأَمَرَ مِنهُم رجلًا يُصَلِّى بالناسِ عِشرينَ رَكعَةً. قال: وكانَ عَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - يوتِرُ بهِم (^٢). وَرُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَلِىٍّ.\n\n٤٦٨٣ - وأَمّا التَّراويحُ ففيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ فنجُويَه الدِّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٣) السُّنِّيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَزّازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ مَرْوانَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحسنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبي سَعدٍ البَقّالِ، عن أبي الحَسناءِ، أنَّ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أمَرَ رجلًا أن يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ خَمسَ تَرويحاتٍ عِشرينَ رَكعَةً (^٤). وفِي هذا الإسنادِ ضَعفٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٦٨٤ - وأَخبرَنا ابنُ فنجُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ السُّنِّىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٥٤)، وفيه: عشرين ركعة والوتر.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ٥/ ١٥٨ عن ابن أبي شيبة من طريق عطاء به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٢٩: حماد واه.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن عيسي\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٥٥) من طريق أبى الحسناء به.","vol":"5","page":331},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ البُزُوريُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سُحَيمٍ الكاهِلىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُرَوِّحُنا في رَمَضانَ، يَعنِى بَينَ (^١) التَّرويحَتَينِ قَدرَ ما يَذهَبُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ إلى سَلْعٍ (^٢). كَذا قالَ. ولعلَّه أرادَ مَن يُصَلِّى بهِمُ التَّراويحَ بأَمرِ عمرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ بشرٍ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ زيادٍ المَوصِلِىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ في اللَّيلِ، ثم يَتَرَوَّحُ، فأَطالَ حَتَّى رَحِمتُه فقُلتُ: بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ. قال: \"أفَلا أكونُ عَبدًا شَكورًا؟ \" (^٣). تفَرَّدَ به المُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٤).\nوقَولُه: ثم يَتَروَّحُ. إن ثَبَتَ فهوَ أصلٌ في تَرَوُّحِ الإمامِ في صَلاةِ التَّراويحِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) إلى هنا انتهى الجزء الثاني من المخطوطة \"س\". وسيبدأ الموجود من الجزء الثالث منها قبل حديث (٤٩٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في فضائل رمضان (٥٥) من طريق أبى بكر بن عياش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٨/ ٢٨٩ من طريق الحسن بن بشر الكوفى به.\n(^٤) المغيرة بن زياد البجلى، أبو هاشم الموصلى. بظر الكلام عليه في: الثقات ٨/ ٤٣٩، والمجروحين ٣/ ٦، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٥٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٩٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٣٥٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦٨: صدوق له أوهام.","vol":"5","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1001>بابُ قَدرِ قراءتِهِم في قيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٤٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحسينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويَه الدِّينَوَرِىُّ بالدّامَغانِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرُويَه، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: دَعا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بثَلاثَةِ قُرّاءٍ فاستَقرأَهُم، فأَمَرَ أسرَعَهُم قراءةً أن يَقرأَ لِلنّاسِ ثَلاثينَ آيَةً، وأَمَرَ أوسَطَهُم أن يَقرأَ خَمسًا وعِشرينَ آيَةً، وأَمَرَ أبطأَهُم أن يَقرأَ عِشرينَ آيَةً (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه الثَّورِىُّ عن عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، أنَّه سمِع عبدَ الرحمنِ بنَ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجَ يقولُ: ما أدرَكتُ النّاسَ إلا وهُم يَلعَنونَ الكَفَرَةَ في رَمَضانَ. قال: فكانَ القارِئُ [يَقومُ بسورَةِ] (^٣) \"البَقَرَةِ\". في ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، وإِذا قامَ بها في اثنَتَى عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً رأَى النّاسُ أنَّه قد خَفَّفَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٧٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٤٦)، والفريابى في الصيام (١٨٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفريابى في الصيام (١٨٦) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٣) في ص ٢: \"يقرأ سورة\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١١٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٣٤)، والفريابى في الصيام (١٨١). وأخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٧١)، وفضائل الأوقات (١٢٨) من طريق ابن بكير به.","vol":"5","page":333},{"text":"٤٦٨٨ - وبِإِسنادِه حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: كُنّا نَنصَرِفُ مِنَ القيامِ في رَمَضانَ، فنَستَعجِلُ الخادِمَ بالطَّعامِ مَخافَةَ الفَجرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1002>بابُ القُنوتِ في الوِترِ</span>\n\n٤٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ جَوّاسٍ الحَنَفِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن بُرَيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن أبي الحَوراءِ قال: قال الحسنُ بنُ عليٍّ - ﵄ -: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَلِماتٍ أقولُهُنَّ في الوِترِ - قال ابنُ جَوّاسٍ: في قُنوتِ الوِترِ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنِى فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنِى فيمَن تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لِى فيما أعطَيتَ، وقِنِى شرَّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ، وإِنَّه لا يَذِلُّ مَن والَيتَ، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنا وتَعالَيتَ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٦٩٠ - وأَخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عمرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن بُرَيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن أبي الحَوراءِ، عن الحسنِ بنِ عليٍّ قال: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ\". فذكَر\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١١٦، ومن طريقه الفريابى في الصيام (١٧٧، ١٧٨). وأخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٧٢)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (١٢٩) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (١٤٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (٤٦٤)، والنسائي (١٧٤٤) عن قتيبة به. وابن خزيمة (١٠٩٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.","vol":"5","page":334},{"text":"الحديثَ، وفِي آخِرِه: \"تَقولُها في القُنوتِ في الوِترِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1003>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَقنُتُ في الوِترِ إلا في النِّصفِ الأخيرِ مِن رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٤٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه، أنَّ أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ أمَّهُم يَعنِى في رَمَضانَ، وكانَ يَقنُتُ في النِّصفِ الآخِرِ (^٢) مِن رَمَضانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٦٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحسنِ، أنَّ عمرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - جَمَعَ النّاسَ على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى بهِم عِشرينَ لَيلَةً، ولا يَقنُتُ بهِم إلا في النِّصفِ الباقِى، فإِذا كانَتِ العَشرُ الأواخِرُ تَخَلَّفَ فصَلَّى في بَيتِه، فكانوا يَقولونَ: أبَقَ أُبَىٌّ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان يَقنُتُ في النِّصفِ الأخيرِ مِن رَمَضانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٢٦) من طريق زهير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٦٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"الأخير\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٧٢)، وأبو داود (١٤٢٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣١١).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٨١٦)، وأبو داود (١٤٢٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣١٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٠٠٠) من طريق سفيان، دون قوله: الأخير.","vol":"5","page":335},{"text":"٤٦٩٤ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحسنِ قال: أمَّنا عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ في زَمَنِ عثمانَ بنِ عفانَ - ﵄ - عِشرينَ لَيلَةً ثم احتَبَسَ، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: قَد تَفَرَّغَ لِنَفسِهِ. ثم أمَّهُم أبو حَليمَةَ مُعاذٌ القارِئُ، فكانَ يَقنُتُ (^١).\n\n٤٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي تَوبَةَ الصُّوفيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الآمُلِيُّ النَّجّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عمرَ كان لا يَقنُتُ في الوِترِ إلا في النِّصفِ مِن رَمَضانَ (^٢).\n\n٤٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسينِ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ يَعنِى ابنَ فرّوخَ الأُبُلِّيَّ (^٣)، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مِسكينٍ قال: كان ابنُ سيرينَ يَكرَهُ القُنوتَ في الوِترِ، إلا في النِّصفِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ (^٤).\n\n٤٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ المِهرَجانيُّ بها،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٣٧١) عن الحسن به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٣٠: الحكم ضعف.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٧١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٩٨، ٦٩٩٩) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) في ص ٢: \"الأيلى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ١٢٠، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٣٣.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٩٩٦)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٠٠٦).","vol":"5","page":336},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: القُنوتُ في النِّصفِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ.\n\n٤٦٩٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العَبّاسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سُئلَ الأوزاعِيُّ عن القُنوتِ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ قال: أمّا مَساجِدُ الجَماعَةِ فيَقنُتونَ مِن أوَّلِ الشَّهرِ إلى آخِرِه، وأَمّا أهلُ المَدينَةِ فإِنَّهُم يَقنُتونَ في النِّصفِ الباقِى إلى انسِلاخِهِ.\nوقَد رُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ، إلا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ لا يَصِحُّ إسنادُه:\n\n٤٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا الحسينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ الوَزّانُ، حدثنا غَسّانُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عاتِكَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقنُتُ في النِّصفِ مِن رَمَضانَ إلى آخِرِهِ (^١).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: أبو عاتِكَةَ طَريفُ بنُ سَلمانَ. ويُقالُ: ابنُ (^٢) سليمانَ. مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٣٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٢: \"أبو\".\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٥٧، ٣٥٨. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٣٠: وغسان حرق أحمد بن حنبل ما كتب عنه.","vol":"5","page":337},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1004>بابٌ في قيامِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٤٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ قال: انطَلَقتُ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ فسأَلتُه عن الوِترِ فقالَ: ألا أدُلُّكَ على أعلَمِ أهلِ الأرضِ بوِترِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: قُلتُ: مَن؟ قال: عائشَةُ - ﵂ -، فأْتِها فسَلْها ثم أعلِمنِى ما تَرُدُّ عَلَيكَ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ إلَيها فأَتَيتُ على حَكيمِ بنِ أفلَحَ فاستَصحَبتُه (^١)، فانطَلَقنا إلى عائشةَ فاستأذَنّا فدَخَلنا فقالَت: مَن هَذا؟ قال: حَكيمُ بنُ أفلَحَ. فقالَت: مَن هذا مَعَكَ؟ قُلتُ: سَعدُ بنُ هِشامٍ. قالَت: ومَن هِشامٌ؟ قُلتُ: ابنُ عامِرٍ. قالَت: نِعمَ المَرءُ كان عامِرٌ، أُصيبَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ. قُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ أنبِئينِى عن خُلُقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَت: ألَستَ تَقرأُ القُرآنَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قالَت: فإِنَّ خُلُقَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان القُرآنَ. قال: فهَمَمتُ أن أقومَ، فبَدا لِى فقُلتُ: أنبِئينِى عن قيامِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قالَت: ألَستَ تَقرأُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ﴾؟. قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قالَت: فإِنَّ اللَّهَ تعالَى افتَرَضَ القيامَ في أوَّلِ هَذِه السّورَةِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه حَولًا حَتَّى انتَفَخَت أقدامُهُم، وأَمسَكَ اللَّهُ خاتِمَتَها اثنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهرًا في السَّماءِ، ثم أنزَلَ اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"فاستلحقته\".","vol":"5","page":338},{"text":"التَّخفيفَ في آخِرِ هَذِه السّورَةِ، وصارَ قيامُ اللَّيلِ تَطَوُّعًا بَعدَ فريضَةٍ. قال: فهَمَمتُ أن أقومَ، فبَدا لِي وِترُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ أنبِئينِى عن وِترِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَت: كُنّا نُعِدُّ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سِواكَه وطَهورَه، فيَبعَثُه اللَّهُ ما شاءَ أن يَبعَثَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ، يَتَسَوَّكُ ويَتَوَضّأُ، ثم يُصَلِّى تِسعَ رَكَعاتٍ لا يَجلِسُ فيهِنَّ إلا عندَ الثّامِنَةِ، فيَدعو رَبَّه ويُصَلِّى على نَبيِّه، [ثم يَنهَضُ ولا يُسَلِّمُ، ثم يُصَلِّى التّاسِعَةَ فيَقعُدُ، ثم يَحمَدُ رَبَّه ويُصَلِّى على نَبيِّه] (^١)، ويَدعو، ثم يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمَةً يُسمِعُنا، ثم يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ ما يُسَلِّمُ [وهو قاعِدٌ، فتِلكَ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً يا بُنَيَّ، فلَمّا أسَنَّ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَخَذَ اللَّحمَ أوتَرَ بسَبعٍ، ويُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ ما يُسَلِّمُ] (^١) يا بُنَيَّ، وكانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى صَلاةً أحَبَّ أن يُداوِمَ عَلَيها، وكانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّه - ﷺ - إذا غَلَبَه قيامُ اللَّيلِ صَلَّى مِنَ النَّهارِ ثِنتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، ولا أعلَمُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قرأَ القُرآنَ كُلَّه في لَيلَةٍ، ولا قامَ لَيلَةً حَتَّى الصَّباحِ، ولا صامَ شَهرًا قَطُّ كامِلًا غَيرَ رَمَضانَ. فأَتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فأَخبَرتُه بحَديثِها فقالَ: صدَقَت. وكانَ أوَّلُ أمرِ سَعدٍ - قال: ابنُ بشرٍ: يَعنِى أوَّلَ أمرِه - أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأَتَه ثم ارتَحَلَ إلى المَدينَةِ ليَبيعَ عَقارًا له بها ويَجعَلَه في السِّلاحِ والكُراعِ، ثم يُجاهِدَ الرّومَ حَتَّى يَموتَ، فبَلَغَ رَهطًا مِن قَومِه، فأَخبَروه أنَّ رَهطًا مِنهُم سِتَّةً أرادوا ذَلِكَ في حَياةِ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فنَهاهُم عن ذَلِكَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحسنِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ. رواه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٠٨ مقتصرا على ذكر خلقه - ﷺ -. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٩١، ١٣٤٨) عن ابن أبي شيبة به. وأبو داود (١٣٤٤) من طريق محمد بن بشر. وتقدم في (١٦٨) عن الحاكم =","vol":"5","page":339},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٤٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَبُّويَه المَروَزِيُّ، حدَّثَنى عليُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: في \"المُزَّمِّلِ\": ﴿قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا (٢) نِصْفَهُ﴾ [المزمل: ٢، ٣]. نَسَخَتها الآيَةُ الِّتِى فيها: ﴿عَلِمَ أَنْ لَنْ تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ﴾ [المزمل: ٢٠]. وناشِئَةُ اللَّيلِ: أوَّلُه، كانَت صَلاتُهُم لأوَّلِ اللَّيلِ، يقولُ: هو أجدَرُ أن تُحصوا ما فرَضَ اللَّه عَلَيكُم مِن قيامِ اللَّيلِ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ الإنسانَ إذا نامَ لم يَدرِ مَتَى يَستَيقِظُ، وقَولُه: ﴿وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا﴾ [المزمل: ٦]. هو أجدَرُ أن يَفقَهَ في القُرآنِ، وقَولُه: ﴿إِنَّ لَكَ فِي النَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا﴾ [المزمل: ٧]. يقولُ: فراغًا طَويلًا (^٢).\n\n٤٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن سِماكٍ يَعنِى الحَنَفِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لَمّا نَزَلَ أوَّلُ \"المُزَّمِّلِ\" كانوا يَقومونَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِهِم في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ آخِرُها، فكانَ بَينَ أوَّلِها وآخِرِها قَريبٌ مِن سنةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n= مختصرا. وسيأتى في (٤٨٧٣).\n(^١) مسلم (٧٤٦/. . .).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٠٤). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٠٥) من طريق مسعر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٧).","vol":"5","page":340},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1005>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في قيامِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٤٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عليُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، أنَّ حُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ أخبرَه، أنَّ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ أخبرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طَرَقَه وفاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيلًا فقالَ: \"ألاتُصَلّيانِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّما أنفُسُنا بيَدِ اللَّهِ، فإِذا شاءَ أن يَبعَثَنا بَعَثَنا. فانصَرَفَ حينَ قُلتُ ذَلِكَ ولَم يَرجِعْ إلَيَّ شَيئًا، ثم سَمِعتُه وهو مُوَلٍّ يَضرِبُ فخِذَه ويَقولُ: \" ﴿وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَكْثَرَ شَيْءٍ جَدَلًا﴾ [الكهف: ٥٤] \" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيل بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عمرَ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ على عَهدِ النبيِّ - ﷺ - إذا رأَى رُؤيا قَصَّها على النبي - ﷺ -، قال: فتَمَنَّيتُ أن أرَى رُؤيا فأَقُصَّها على النبيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: وكُنتُ غُلامًا شابًّا أعزَبَ، فكنتُ أنامُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٠٠) عن أبي اليمان به. والبخاري (٤٧٢٤)، والنسائي (١٦١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٢٧)، ومسلم (٧٧٥).","vol":"5","page":341},{"text":"في المَسجِدِ - قال: فرأيتُ كأَنَّ مَلَكَينِ أتَيانِي، فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِلآخَرِ: انطَلِقْ به إلى النّارِ. قال: فجَعَلتُ أقولُ: أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ النّارِ. قال: فلَقِيَنا مَلَكٌ آخَرُ فقالَ لِي: لم تُرَعْ. قال: فانطَلَقوا بى حَتَّى وقَفنا على النّارِ، فإِذا هِى مَطويَّةٌ، وإِذا لَها قَرنانِ كَقَرنَىِ البِئرِ. قال: ورأَيتُ فيها رِجالًا أعرِفُهُم. قال: فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على حَفصةَ فقَصَصْتُها عَلَيها، فقَصَّتها حَفصَةُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نِعمَ الرَّجُلُ عبدُ اللَّهِ لَو كان يَقومُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ\". قال سالِمٌ: فكانَ لا يَنامُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ إلا قَليلًا (^١). رواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرزاقِ، ورواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرحمنِ هو الأعرَجُ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَعقِدُ الشَّيطانُ على قافيَةِ رأسِ أحَدِكُم إذا نامَ ثلاثَ عُقَدٍ، كُلُّ عُقدَةٍ يَضرِبُ مَكانَها: عَلَيكَ لَيلٌ طَويلٌ فارقُدْ. فإِذا استَيقَظَ، فإن ذكَر رَبَّه انحَلَّت عُقدَةٌ، فإِن تَوَضّأَ انحَلَّت عُقدَةٌ، فإن صَلَّى انحَلَّت عُقدَةٌ، فأصبَحَ نَشيطًا طَيِّبَ النَّفسِ، وإِن لم يَفعَلْ أصبَحَ خَبيثَ النَّفسِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٣٠)، والترمذي (٣٢١) مختصرًا، وأخرجه البخاري (١١٢١)، وابن ماجه (٣٩١٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٢١، ٣٧٣٨)، ومسلم (٢٤٧٩/ ١٤٠).","vol":"5","page":342},{"text":"كَسلانَ\" (^١). رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٠٦ - [أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) و] (^٣) أَخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"رَحِمَ اللَّهُ رجلًا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فصَلَّى وأيقَظَ امرأتَه، فإِن أبَت نَضَحَ في وجهِها الماءَ، رَحِمَ اللَّهُ امرأةً قامَت مِنَ اللَّيلِ فصَلَّت وأيقَظَت زَوجَها، فإِن أبَى نَضَحَت في وجهِه الماءَ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المِهرَجانِيُّ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ (^٥) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٧٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٣٠٦)، وابن حبان (٢٥٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٨)، والنسائي (١٦٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣١) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٤٢)، ومسلم (٧٧٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٢٨) عن الحاكم. والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤١٠)، وأبو داود (١٣٠٨)، والنسائي (١٦٠٩)، وابن ماجه (١٣٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٤٨)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٥٦٧) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٦٠).\n(^٥) في م: \"القاضي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).","vol":"5","page":343},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عفانَ العامِرِيُّ أخو الحسنِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن علىِّ بنِ الأقمَرِ، عن الأغَرِّ أبى مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ - ﵄ - قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ استَيقَظَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ وأيقَظَ امرأتَه، فصَلَّيا رَكعَتَينِ جَميعًا، كُتِبا لَيلَتَئذٍ مِنَ الذّاكِرينَ اللَّهَ كَثيرًا والذّاكِراتِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٠٨ - وأَخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ (^٢)، عن علىِّ بنِ الأقمَرِ. فذكَره (^٣). ولَم يَرفَعْه، ولا ذكَر أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ -، جَعَلَه في كَلامِ أبى سَعيدٍ.\nقالَ أبو داودَ: رواه ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ عن سُفيانَ. قال: وأُراه ذكَر أبا هُرَيرَةَ. قال أبو داودَ: حَديثُ سُفيانَ مَوقوفٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورواه عيسَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ الرّازِيُّ عن سُفيانَ مَرفوعًا نَحوَ حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n\n٤٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ عَوذِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عَوفٌ الأعرابِيُّ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ قال: لَمّا أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٢٩)، والشعب (٣٠٨٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٠٦) من طريق عبيد الله به. وابن ماجه (١٣٣٥) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٢) بعده في أبي داود: \"عن مسعر\". وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٣/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٠٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٦١).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٣٠٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٦، ٤١٧ من طريق عيسى بن جعفر به، وقال: على شرط الشيخين.","vol":"5","page":344},{"text":"قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ، وانجَفَلَ (^١) النّاسُ قِبَلَه، فقالوا: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فَجِئتُ في النّاسِ لأنظُرَ إلى وجهِه، فلَمّا أن رأَيتُ وجهَه عَرَفتُ أنَّ وجهَه لَيسَ بوَجه كَذّابٍ، فكانَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ سَمِعتُ مِنه أن قال: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، أطعِموا الطَّعامَ، وأفشُوا السَّلامَ، وصِلُوا الأرحامَ، وصَلُّوا باللَّيلِ والنّاسُ نيامٌ، تَدخُلوا الجَنَّةَ بسَلامٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدَّثَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ (^٣) بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَلَيكُم بقيامِ اللَّيلِ؛ فإِنَّه دأبُ الصّالِحينَ قَبلَكُم، وهو قُربَةٌ لَكُم إلى رَبِّكُم، ومَكفَرَةٌ لِلسَّيِّئاتِ، ومَنهاةٌ عن الإِثمِ\" (^٤). كَذا في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n٤٧١١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بَكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) انجفل الناس: أي ذهبوا مسرعين نحوه. النهاية ١/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٥٣١، ٥٣٢، والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٦٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٨٤)، والترمذي (٢٤٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٥١) من طريق عوف به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في المستدرك: \"ثور\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٨٧.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٨، وقال: على شرط البخاري. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٣٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"5","page":345},{"text":"الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حدثنا مَكِّيٌّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ خالِدُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ، عن بلالِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قال: \"عَلَيكُم بقيامِ اللَّيلِ، فإِنَّه دأبُ الصَّالِحينَ قَبلَكُم، وقُربَةٌ إلى اللَّهِ، وتَكفيرٌ لِلسَّيِّئاتِ، ومَنهاةٌ عن الإِثمِ، ومَطرَدَةٌ لِلدّاءِ عن الجَسَدِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ القَطّانِ: \"وإِنَّ قيامَ اللَّيلِ قُربَةٌ إلى اللَّهِ تعالَى\" (^١).\n\n٤٧١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا بَكرُ بنُ خُنَيسٍ، عن محمدٍ القُرَشِىِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن بلالٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكُم بقيامِ اللَّيلِ، فإِنَّه دأبُ الصَّالِحينَ قَبلَكُم، وإِنَّ قيامَ اللَّيلِ قُربَةٌ إلى اللَّهِ تعالَى، وتَكفيرٌ لِلسَّيِّئاتِ، ومَنهاةٌ عن الإِثمِ، ومَطرَدَةٌ لِلدّاءِ عن الجَسَدِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن مُرَّةَ الهَمْدانِيِّ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فضلُ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ على صَلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٨٧، ٣٠٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٥٤٩) من طريق أبى النضر به. وقال الترمذي: سمعت محمد بن إسماعيل =","vol":"5","page":346},{"text":"النَّهارِ كَفَضلِ صَدَقَةِ السِّرِّ على صَدَقَةِ العَلانيَةِ (^١).\n_________\n= يقول: محمد القرشي، هو محمد بن سعيد الشامى، وهو ابن أبي قيس، وهو محمد بن حسان، وقد ترك حديثه.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في قيام الليل (١٣) من طريق مسعر به. وابن المبارك في الزهد (٢٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٤٧٣٥) من طريق زبيد به.","vol":"5","page":347},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1006>بابُ (^١) التَّرغيبِ في قيامِ آخِرِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٤٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الأغَرِّ، وعن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَنزِلُ رَبُّنا ﷿ كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ إلَى سَماءِ الدُّنيا حينَ يَبقَى ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ الآخِرُ فيَقولُ: مَن يَدعونِى فأستَجيبَ لَهُ؟ ومَن يَسألُنِى فأُعطيَهُ؟ ومَن يَستَغفِرُنِى فأغفِرَ له\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ والقَعنَبِىِّ \"من\" (^٣) لَم يَذكُرا الواوَ، وقَدَّما أبا سلمةَ على أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الأغَرِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ وابنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ (^٤)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٤٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) من هنا يبدأ الجزء الثالث من مخطوط الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ١١٩، وأبو داود (١٣١٥، ٤٧٣٣)، ومالك ١/ ٢١٤، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣٤٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٧٦٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"عن عن\"\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٤٥) بذكر الواو، وفى (٧٤٩٤) عن ابن أبي أويس، بدون ذكر أبى سلمة.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٥٨/ ١٦٨).","vol":"5","page":348},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ ابنُ مَرجانَةَ قال: سَمِعمتُ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَنزِلُ اللَّهُ ﷿ إلَى السَّماءِ الدُّنيا لِشَطرِ اللَّيلِ أو لِثُلُثِ اللَّيلِ الآخِرِ، فيَقولُ: مَن يَدعونِى فأستَجيبَ لَهُ؟ أو يَسألُنِى فأُعطيَهُ؟ ثُمَّ يقولُ: مَن يُقرِضُ غَيرَ عَديمٍ ولا ظَلومٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن مُحاضِرٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٧١٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سُئلَ الأوزاعيُّ ومالِكٌ وسُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن هذه الأحاديثِ التي جاءَت في التَّشبيهِ (^٣)، فقالوا: أمِرّوها كما جاءَت بلا كَيفيَّةٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٧١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أحمدَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٩٤٦). وأخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٢٦٨ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به. وأبو عوانة (٣٧٧) من طريق محاضر بن المورع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٥٨/ ١٧١).\n(^٣) لم تأت أحاديث في التشبيه قط، وإنما جاءت بصفات لله تعالى تليق بعظمته وجلاله، لا تشبه صفات المخلوقين، كما أن ذاته لا تشبه ذوات المخلوقين. وهذا اللفظ لم يرد عن السلف. ينظر الفتوى الحموية ص ٢٦٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ١٢٣، والأسماء والصفات (٩٥٥). وأخرجه اللالكائى في شرح أصول الاعتقاد (٨٧٥) من طريق الهيثم بن خارجة به.","vol":"5","page":349},{"text":"حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ المِهرَقانِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو داودَ هو الطَّيالِسِيُّ قال: كان سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وشَريكٌ وأبو عَوانَةَ لا يَحُدّونَ ولا يُشَبِّهونَ ولا يُمَثِّلونَ، يَروونَ الحديثَ ولا يَقولونَ: كَيفَ، وإِذا سُئلوا أجابوا بالأثَرِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا محمدٍ أحمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيَّ يقولُ: حَديثُ النُّزولِ قَد ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن وُجوهٍ صَحيحَةٍ، ووَرَدَ في التَّنزيلِ ما يُصَدِّقُه وهو قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا﴾ [الفجر: ٢٢]. والنُّزولُ والمَجِئُ صِفَتانِ مَنفيَّتانِ عن اللَّه تَعالَى مِن طَريقِ الحَرَكَةِ والانتِقالِ مِن حالٍ إلَى حالٍ، بَل هُما صِفَتانِ مِن صِفاتِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى بلا تَشبيهٍ، جَلَّ اللَّهُ تَعالَى عَمّا تَقولُ المُعَطِّلَةُ لِصِفاتِه والمُشَبِّهَةُ بها عُلوًّا كَبيرًا (^٣).\nقُلتُ: وكانَ أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ ﵀ يقولُ: إنَّما يُنكِرُ هذا وما أشبَهَه مِنَ الحديثِ مَن يَقيسُ الأُمورَ في ذَلِكَ بما يُشاهِدُه مِنَ النُّزولِ الَّذِى هو تَدَلَّى مِن أعلَى إلَى أسفَلَ، وانتِقالٌ مِن فوقٍ إلَى تَحتٍ، وهَذِه صِفَةُ الأجسامِ والأشباحِ، فأَمّا نُزولُ مَن لا تَستَولِى عَلَيه صِفاتُ الأجسامِ، فإِنَّ هذه المَعانِيَ غَيرُ مُتَوَهَّمَةٍ فيه، وإِنَّما هو خَبَرٌ عن قُدرَتِه ورأفَتِه بعِبادِه وعَطفِه عَلَيهِم، واستِجابَتِه دُعاءَهُم، ومَغفِرَتِه لَهُم، يَفعَلُ ما يَشاءُ، لا يَتَوَجَّهُ على صِفاتِه كَيفيَّةٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"المهرجانى\" بالجيم. والمهرقانى: نسبة إلى مهرقان الرى، منها حفص بن عمر. الأنساب ٥/ ٤١٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٩٠١). وينظر التعليق في الصفحة السابقة.\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٩٥٧).","vol":"5","page":350},{"text":"ولا على أفعالِه كَمّيَّةٌ، سُبحانَه لَيسَ كَمِثلِه شَئٌ وهو السَّميعُ البَصيرُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1007>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في قيامِ جَوفِ اللَّيلِ الآخِرِ</span>\n\n٤٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ. قال (^٢): وأَخبَرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَه قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ - ﵄ - يقولُ: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحَبُّ الصّيامِ إلَى اللَّهِ صيامُ داودَ، كان يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا، وأحَبُّ الصَّلاةِ إلَى اللَّهِ صَلاةُ داودَ، كان يَنامُ نِصفَ اللَّيلِ ويَقومُ ثُلُثَه ويَنامُ سُدُسَه\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِىِّ، وقالَ غَيرُه: (عن عَن). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وأَبِى خَيثَمَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ما قاله الخطابى ﵀ تأويل للحديث وصرف له عن ظاهر معناه بلا حاجة، وقد قال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٣٥: الصواب في حديث النزول ونحوه ما قاله مالك وأقرانه: يمر كما جاء بلا كيفية، ولازم الحق حق، ونفى الانتقال وإثباته عبارة محدثة، فإن ثبتت في الأثر رويناها ونطقنا بها، وإن نفيت في الأثر نطقنا بالنفى، وإلا لزمنا السكوت، وآمنا بما ثبت في الكتاب والسنة على مقتضاه. اهـ. وينظر التمهيد ٤/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) أي: الإسماعيلى.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٣٨)، والحميدى (٥٨٩). وأخرجه النسائي (١٦٢٩، ٢٣٤٣) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٦٤٩١)، وأبو داود (٢٤٤٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧١٢)، وابن خزيمة (١١٤٥)، وابن حبان (٢٥٩٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٣١، ٣٤٢٠)، ومسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٨٩).","vol":"5","page":351},{"text":"٤٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى - قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حَدَّثَنا. وقالَ أبو زَكَريّا: أخبرَنا - أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: ما ألفَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عِندِى السَّحَرُ الآخِرُ إلَّا نائمًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ يَزيدَ الكوفيُّ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيُوقِظُه اللَّهُ ﷿ باللَّيلِ، فما يَجِئُ السَّحَرُ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِن جُزئِهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن عَمَلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: كان أحَبَّ العَمَلِ إلَيه الدّائمُ. قُلتُ: فأَيَّ حينٍ كان يَقومُ؟ قالَت: كان إذا سَمِعَ الصّارِخَ قامَ (^٤). قال أبو داودَ: تَعنِى الدّيكَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٦١)، وابن ماجه (١١٩٧) من طريق مسعر به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٦١، ٢٦٣٢٥)، وأبو داود (١٣١٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٩٧) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٢/ ١٣٢)، والبخاري (١١٣٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣١٦). وحنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٦٨).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٥١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٨)، والنسائي (١٦١٥) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"5","page":352},{"text":"٤٧٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن عَمَلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: كان يُحِبُّ الدّائمَ. فَقُلتُ لَها: فأَىَّ حينٍ كان يُصَلِّى؟ قالَت: كان إذا سَمِعَ الصّارِخَ قامَ فصَلَّى (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى الأحوَصِ عن أشعَثَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن عبدِ الملِكِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن حُمَيدٍ الحِميَرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵃ - قال: سأَلَ رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الصَّلاةِ أفضلُ بَعدَ صَلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ؟ قال: \"الصَّلاةُ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ\". قالَ: فأَيُّ الصَّومِ أفضَلُ بَعدَ رَمَضانَ؟ قال: \"شَهرُ اللَّهِ الَّذِى تَدعونَه المُحَرَّمَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن حُسَينٍ الجُعفِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣١٧) عن هناد بن السرى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٣٢، ٦٤٦١).\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٣٢)، ومسلم (٧٤١/ ١٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٥٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٥٦٣) من طريق حسين بن على به. وأحمد (٨٠٢٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٠٦) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٦٣/ ٢٠٣).","vol":"5","page":353},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو بشرٍ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٢٤ - ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّيُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَجَلِىِّ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِن أفضَلِ الصَّلاةِ بعدَ المَفروضَةِ الصَّلاةُ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ، وإِنَّ أفضَلَ الصّيامِ بعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهرُ اللَّه الَّذِى تَدعونَه المُحرَّمَ\". أخبَرَناه أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٤٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمُ بنُ عامِرٍ وضَمرَةُ بنُ حَبيبٍ ونُعَيمُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ - ﵁ - قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو نازِلٌ بعُكاظٍ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَل مِن دَعوَةٍ أقرَبُ مِن أُخرَى؟ أو ساعَةٍ [تبقَى أو يُبْتَغَى] (^٤) ذِكرُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم، إنَّ أقرَبَ ما يَكونُ الرَّبُّ مِنَ العَبدِ جَوفُ اللَّيلِ الآخِرُ، فإِنِ استَطَعتَ أن تَكونَ مِمَّن يَذكُرُ اللَّهَ في تِلكَ السّاعَةِ فكُنْ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٨٤٩٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٨٤٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٠٤)، والطبراني (١٦٩٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به، وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على الصيام، وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٣/ ٤٧٩. وسيأتى في (٨٤٩٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"نبغى أو نبتغى\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٩ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٤٧) عن بحر بن نصر به. والنسائي (٥٧١) =","vol":"5","page":354},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا فيما مَضى عن أبي سَلَّامٍ عن أبي أُمامَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ عَبَسَةَ، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ اللَّيلِ أسمَعُ؟ قال: \"جَوفُ اللَّيلِ الآخِرُ\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٢٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِيِّ، عن أبي الجلدِ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو مُسلِمٍ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -: أىُّ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ أفضَلُ؟ فقالَ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"نِصفُ اللَّيلِ، وقَليلٌ فاعِلُه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1008>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ يَتَهَجَّدُ</span>\n\n٤٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ يَتَهَجَّدُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ خالُ ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا\n_________\n= من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. والترمذي (٣٥٧٩) من طريق معاوية بن صالح عن ضمرة به، وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٤٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٩٣). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٣٠٨) من طريق إسحاق بن يوسف به. وأحمد (٢١٥٥٥)، وابن حبان (٢٥٦٤) من طريق عوف الأعرابى.","vol":"5","page":355},{"text":"يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ يَتَهَجَّدُ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ نورُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ ومَن فيهِنَّ، ولَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ قَيِّمُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ ومَن فيهِنَّ، ولَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ مَلِكُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ ومَن فيهِنَّ، ولَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ الحقُّ، ووَعدُكَ حقٌّ (^١)، وقَولُكَ حَقٌّ، ولِقاؤُكَ حَقٌّ، والجَنَّةُ حَقٌّ، والنّارُ حَقٌّ، والسّاعَةُ حَقٌّ، ومُحَمَّدٌ - ﷺ - حَقٌّ، والنَّبيّونَ حَقٌّ، اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ أسلَمتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، وعَلَيكَ تَوَكَّلتُ، وإِلَيكَ أنَبتُ، وبِكَ خاصَمتُ، وِإلَيكَ حاكَمتُ، فاغفِرْ لِى ما قَدَّمتُ وما أخَّرتُ، وما أسرَرتُ وما أعلَنتُ، أنتَ المُقَدِّمُ وأنتَ المُؤَخِّرُ، لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ\". أو قال: \"لا إلَهَ غَيرُكَ\". شَكَّ سُفيانُ. قال الحُمَيدِىُّ قال سفيانُ: وزادَ عبدُ الكَريمِ أبو أُمَيَّةَ: \"ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللهِ\". ولَم يَقُلْها سُلَيمانُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ صالِحٍ الصَّفّارُ في المُحَرَّمِ سنةَ إحدَى وأَربَعينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ، عن طاوُسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٧٠)، والحميدى (٤٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٦٨)، والنسائي (١٦١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٥٩٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٢٠، ٦٣١٧)، ومسلم (٧٦٩/. . .).","vol":"5","page":356},{"text":"أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا تَهَجَّدَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ نورُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ، ولَكَ الحَمدُ أنتَ قَيِّمُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ ومَن فيهِنَّ، أنتَ الحقُّ، ووَعدُكَ الحقُّ، وقَولُكَ الحقُّ، ولِقاؤُكَ الحقُّ، والجَنَّةُ حقٌّ، والنّارُ حَقٌّ، والنَّبيّونَ حَقٌّ، اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ أسلَمتُ، وبِكَ آمَنتُ، وعَلَيكَ تَوَكَّلتُ، وإِلَيكَ أنَبتُ، وإِلَيكَ خاصَمتُ، وإِلَيكَ حاكَمتُ، فاغفِرْ لِى ما قَدَّمتُ وما أخَّرتُ، وما أسرَرتُ وما أعلَنتُ، أنتَ إلَهِى لا إلَهَ إلا أنتَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ العَسكَرِيُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَمدانَ القَصرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَيرُ بنُ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جُنادَةُ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَعارَّ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شريكَ له، له المُلك ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، والحَمدُ للهِ، ولا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ، واللَّهُ أكبَرُ، ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا باللهِ. ثُمَّ قال: رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِى. غُفِرَ له - أو قال: فدَعا استُجيبَ له - فإِن هو عَزَمَ فقامَ فتَوَضّأ وصَلَّى قُبِلَت صَلاتُه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات (٣٧١)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٥٦٤) - ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٤٦٨)، والبخارى (٧٤٩٩). وأخرجه البخارى (٧٣٨٥، ٧٤٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٧٠٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٦٩/. . .).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٧٣)، وأبو داود (٥٠٦٠)، والترمذي =","vol":"5","page":357},{"text":"ابنِ مُسلِمٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1009>بابُ ما يَفتَتِحُ به صَلاةَ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٤٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبْدِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ، أخبرَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ -: بأَيِّ شَئٍ كان النَبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَفتَتِحُ الصَّلاةَ إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ؟ قالَت: كان إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ يَفتَتِحُ صَلاتَه: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبريلَ وميكائيلَ وإِسرافيلَ، فاطِرَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضِ، عالِمَ الغَيبِ والشَّهادَةِ، أنتَ تَحكُمُ بَينَ عِبادِكَ فيما كانوا فيه يَختَلِفونَ، اهدِنِي لِما اختَلَفوا فيه منَ الحَقِّ بإِذنِكَ، إنَّكَ تَهدِى مَن تَشاءُ إلَى صِراطٍ مُستَقيمٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وجَماعَةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n= (٣٤١٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٦٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٧٨)، وابن حبان (٢٥٩٦) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^١) البخاري (١١٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٧٤)، وأبو داود (٧٦٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٥٣) عن محمد بن المثنى به. والترمذي (٣٤٢٠)، والنسائي (١٦٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٧) من طريق عمر بن يونس به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٢٥)، وأبو داود (٧٦٨) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٧٠/ ٢٠٠).","vol":"5","page":358},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1010>بابُ افتِتاحِ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ برَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ</span>\n\n٤٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو حُرَّةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ ليُصَلِّىَ افتَتَحَ صَلاتَه برَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ اللَّيلِ فليفتَتِحْ صَلاتَه برَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ وجَماعَةٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ.\n\n٤٧٣٣ - [أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ الوَكيلُ، أنا أبو طاهِرٍ] (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠١٧) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٦٧/ ١٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٦٨/ ١٩٨).\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"5","page":359},{"text":"[المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ الدّارِمِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفتَتِحُ صَلاتَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ برَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ] (^١) (^٣). ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن هِشامٍ مَوقوفًا على أبي هريرةَ؛ مِنهُم حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وحَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أيّوبُ وابنُ عَونٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ.\nوروِىَ في حَديثِ أيّوبَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ: ثُمَّ ليُطَوِّلْ بَعدُ ما شاءَ:\n\n٤٧٣٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن رَباحٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ مِن قَولِهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1011>بابُ عَدَدِ رَكَعاتِ قيامِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وصِفَتِها</span>\n\n٤٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - يَعنِى زَوجَ النَبِيِّ - ﷺ -: كَيفَ كانَت\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) في م: \"الدارى\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٦٨٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٢٣) من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به من قول النبي - ﷺ -.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٦٨٠) عن هشيم عن هشام به. وضعفه الألباني مرفوعًا في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٨٧).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٣٢٤). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٥): صحيح موقوف.","vol":"5","page":360},{"text":"صَلاةُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ؟ فقالَت: ما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَزيدُ في رَمَضانَ ولا في غَيرِ رَمَضانَ على إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُصَلِّى أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلَّى أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلَّى ثَلاثًا. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أتَنامُ قَبلَ أن توتِرَ؟ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ إنَّ عَينَيَّ تَنامانِ ولا يَنامُ قَلبِى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٤٧٣٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي لَبيدٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ قال: سأَلتُها عن صلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قالَت: كانَت صَلاتُه باللَّيلِ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ وغَيرِه ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً، مِنها رَكعَتا الفَجرِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٠٥، ٤٦٧٦)، وسيأتي في (١٣٥١٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٥٦٩)، ومسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢١٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٧).","vol":"5","page":361},{"text":"حَنظَلَةُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً، مِنها الوِترَ ورَكْعتَى (^١) الفَجرِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n٤٧٣٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حَنظَلَةُ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ عَشرَ رَكَعاتٍ، ويُوتِرُ بسَجدَةٍ ويَسجُدُ سَجدَتَينِ لِلفَجرِ، فتِلكَ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٥).\n\n٤٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ أخبَرَته، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) في م، والمهذب ٢/ ٩٤٠: \"ركعتا\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (٤٧٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣١٩)، وأبو داود (١٣٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٤٢٣) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٤٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤١٥). وأحمد (٢٥٣١٩).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٨).","vol":"5","page":362},{"text":"ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً برَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢)\n\n٤٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، فكانَت تِلكَ صَلاتَه، يَسجُدُ السَّجدَةَ مِن ذَلِكَ بقَدرِ ما يَقرأُ أحَدُكُم خَمسينَ آيَةً قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ رأسَه، ويَركَعُ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، ثُمَّ يَضطَجِعُ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يُنادِىَ المُنادِى بالصَّلاةِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى فيما بَينَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إلَى أن يَنصَدِعَ (^٥) الفَجرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٦٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٧) عن قتيبة به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٥٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٧/ ١٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٧) عن أبي اليمان به. والنسائي (١٧٦١)، وابن حبان (٢٤٦٧) من طريق شعيب به. وتقدم في (٤٦٣٣)، وسيأتى في (٤٨٣٧، ٤٨٣٨، ٤٩٤٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٩٤، ١١٢٣).\n(^٥) ينصدع: ينشق. عون المعبود ١/ ٥١٠.","vol":"5","page":363},{"text":"إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُسَلِّمُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، ويوتِرُ بواحِدَةٍ، ويَمكُثُ في سُجودِه بقَدرِ ما يَقرأُ أحَدُكُم خَمسينَ آيَةً، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ (^١).\n\n٤٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه باتَ عِندَ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وهِىَ خالَتُه. قال: فاضطَجَعتُ في عَرضِ الوِسادَةِ، واضطَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَهلُه في طولِها، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا انتَصَفَ اللَّيلُ أو قَبلَه بقَليلٍ أو بَعدَه بقَليلٍ، ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجَلَسَ يَمسَحُ النَّومَ عن وجهِه بيَدِه، ثُمَّ قرأَ العَشرَ الآياتِ الخَواتِمَ مِن سورَةِ \"آلِ عِمرانَ\"، ثُمَّ قامَ إلَى شَنٍّ مُعَلَّقَةٍ فتَوَضّأَ مِنها فأَحسَنَ وُضوءَه، ثُمَّ قامَ يُصَلِّى. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فقُمتُ فصَنَعتُ مِثلَ ما صَنَعَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبتُ فقُمتُ إلَى جَنبِه، فوَضَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدَه اليُمنَى على رأسِى، وأَخَذَ بأُذُنِي يَفتِلُها، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكعَتَينِ - قال القَعنَبِيُّ: سِتَّ مِرارٍ - ثُمَّ أوتَرَ ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى جاءَه المُؤَذِّنُ، فقامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٣٧) عن أبي المغيرة به. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٨)، وابن حبان (٢٤٢٣، ٢٤٣١) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٦٧)، وتقدم في (٤٢٤).","vol":"5","page":364},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٤٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، أنَّ كُرَيبًا أخبَرَه قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - باللَّيلِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: ثُمَّ قامَ وقُمتُ إلَى جَنبِه عن يَسارِه، فجَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِه، ثُمَّ وضَعَ يَدَيه على رأسِى، فجَعَلَ يَمَسُّ أُذُنِي كأَنَّه يوقِظُنِى، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، قلتُ: قرأَ فيهِما بأُمِّ القُرآنِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، حَتَّى صَلَّى إحدَى عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً بالوِترِ، ثُمَّ نامَ حَتَّى استَثقَلَ (^٢) ورأَيتُه يَنفُخُ، فأَتاه بلالٌ فقالَ: الصَّلاةَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وصَلَّى لِلنّاسِ (^٣) ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. قالَت عائشَةُ: لَيسَ مِن نَبِىٍّ نامَ عَينُه إلا استَنبَهَ قَلبُه، وإِذا نامَ قَلبُه استَيقَظَت عَيناه (^٤).\n\n٤٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ حَبيبٍ ويَحيَى بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بتُّ عِندَ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ، فقامَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فصَلَّى ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً مِنها\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩٩٢)، ومسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٨٢).\n(^٢) استثقل: أي صار ثقيلًا بغلبة النوم عليه. حاشية السندى على سنن النسائي ٢/ ٣٠.\n(^٣) في ص ٢: \"الناس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٦٤)، والنسائي (٦٨٥) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٢١٥).","vol":"5","page":365},{"text":"رَكعَتىِ (^١) الفَجرِ، حَزَرتُ قيامَه في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ بقَدرِ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ﴾. لَم يَقُلْ نوحٌ: مِنها رَكعَتىِ (^١) الفَجرِ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى القَعنَبِيَّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَرَه عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: لأرمُقَنَّ صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اللَّيلَةَ. قال: فتَوَسَّدتُ عَتَبَتَه أو فُسطاطَه، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ طَويلَتَينِ طَويلَتَينِ طَويلَتَينِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهُما دونَ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهُما دونَ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما، [ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهُما دونَ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما] (^٣)، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهُما دونَ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما، ثُمَّ أوتَرَ، فتِلكَ ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن مالكٍ، زادَ: ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ دونَ اللَّتَينِ قَبلَهُما (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه القَعنَبِيُّ [في غيرِ] (^٦) هذه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ركعتا\". والمثبت موافق لنسخة من أبي داود كما في عون المعبود ١/ ٥١٨، وهى كذلك في المهذب ٢/ ٩٤١. وهو على تقدير: يصلى منها ركعتى الفجر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ٢٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٦٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٣٨٦٨، ٤٧٠٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٤٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٠، ١٤٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٦) من طريق ابن طاوس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢١٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٢٢، ومن طريقه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد (٢١٦٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٦، ١٣٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٣٦٢)، وابن حبان (٢٦٠٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٦٦) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٦٥/ ١٩٥).\n(^٦) في ص ٢: \"وغيره في\". وفى المهذب ٢/ ٩٤٢: \"وكذلك رواه القعنبى من طريق آخر\".","vol":"5","page":366},{"text":"الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n٤٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةً، فلَم يَزَلْ قائمًا حَتَّى هَمَمتُ بأَمرِ سَوْءٍ. قُلتُ: ما هَمَمتَ؟ قال: هَمَمتُ أن أقعُدَ وأَدَعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1012>بابٌ: أفضَلُ الصَّلاةِ طولُ القُنوتِ</span>\n\n٤٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفضَلُ الصَّلاةِ طولُ القُنوتِ\" (^٣).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٣٧) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٣٦٤٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤١٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٣٥)، ومسلم (٧٧٣/ ٢٠٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٢١) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٥٦/ ١٦٤).","vol":"5","page":367},{"text":"البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: سأَلَ رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الصَّلاةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"طولُ القُنوتِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: سُئلَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n[وقَد مَضَى حَديثُ حُذَيفَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في صَلاتِه باللَّيلِ وقِراءَتِه في رَكعَةٍ مِنها \"البَقَرَةَ\" و\"آلَ عِمرانَ\" وسورَةَ \"النِّساءِ\"] (^٤) (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1013>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الإِكثارَ مِنَ الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ</span>\n\n٤٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٥) من طريق يعلى به. وابن حبان (١٧٥٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٥٦/ ١٦٥).\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٢٥٨٩، ٣٧٣٦).","vol":"5","page":368},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: نَهيكُ بنُ سِنانٍ. إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ، فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، كَيفَ تَقرأُ هذه الآيَةَ ﴿مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ﴾ [محمد: ١٥] أياءً تَقرؤُها أو ألِفًا؟ فقالَ: كُلَّ القُرآنِ قَد أحصَيتَ غَيرَ هَذا؟ قال: إنِّي لأقرأُ المُفَصَّلَ في رَكعَةٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: هذًّا كَهَذِّ الشِّعرِ (^١)؟! إنَّ مِن أحسَنِ الصَّلاةِ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ، ولَيَقرأَنَّ القُرآنَ أقوامٌ لا يُجاوِزُ تَراقيَهُم، ولَكِن إذا قُرِئَ فرَسَخَ في القَلبِ نَفَعَ، إنِّى لأعرِفُ النَّظائرَ التي كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ سورَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ. ثُمَّ قامَ فدَخَلَ، فجاءَ عَلقَمَةُ فدَخَلَ فقُلنا له: سَلْه عن النَّظائرِ التي كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ بها في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ؟ فدَخَلَ فسأَلَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فقالَ: عِشرونَ سورَةً مِن أوَّلِ المُفَصَّلِ في تأليفِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nوقالَ وكيعٌ عن الأعمَشِ: إنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّلاةِ الرُّكوعُ والسُّجودُ:\n\n٤٧٥١ - أخبرَنا (^٤) أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) الهذ: هو شدة الإسراع. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٠٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٤٣٥٠)، والبخاري (٤٩٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وتقدم في (٢٤٩٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٢٢/ ٢٧٦).\n(^٤) لم يرد هذا الحديث ولا الذي بعده في: الأصل، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":369},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي وائلٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه: فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: كُلَّ القُرآنِ أحصَيتَ غَيرَ هَذا؟ قال: إنِّى لأقرأُ المُفَصَّلَ في رَكعَةٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: هَذًّا كَهَذِّ الشِّعرِ! إنَّ قَومًا يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يُجاوِزُ تَراقيَهُم، ولَكِن إذا وقَعَ في القَلبِ فرَسَخَ فيه نَفَعَ، إنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّلاةِ الرُّكوعُ والسُّجودُ، وإِنِّى لأعلَمُ النَّظائرَ التي كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقرأُ بهن سورَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ. ثُمَّ قامَ عبدُ اللَّهِ، فدَخَلَ عَلقَمَةُ في أثَرِه ثُم خَرَجَ فقالَ: قَد أخبرَنِي بها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن عليٍّ الأزدِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُبشِىٍّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: أيُّ الأعمالِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ لا شَكَّ فيه، وجِهادٌ لا غُلولَ فيه، وحَجَّةٌ مَبرورَةٌ\". قيلَ: أيُّ الصَّلاةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"طولُ القيامِ\" وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٨١١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٢٢/ ٢٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٠١)، وأبو داود (١٣٢٥، ١٤٤٩)، والنسائى (٢٥٢٥، ٥٠٠١) من طريق حجاج به. وسيأتي في (٧٨٤٩، ١٨٥٦٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٦): صحيح بلفظ: أيّ الصلاة.","vol":"5","page":370},{"text":"الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّي أقرأُ المُفَصَّلَ في رَكعَةٍ. فقالَ: أهَذًّا كَهَذِّ الشِّعرِ ونَثرًا كَنَثرِ الدَّقَلِ (^١)؟! لَكِنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ النَّظائرَ سورَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ؛ \"الرَّحمَن\" و\"النَّجم\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"اقتَرَبَت\" و\"الحاقَّة\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"الطّور\" و\"الذّاريات\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"إِذا وقَعَت\" و\"النّون\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"عَمَّ يَتَساءَلونَ\" و\"المُرسَلاتِ\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"الدُّخانَ\" و\"إِذا الشَّمسُ كوِّرَت\" يَعنِى (^٢) في رَكعَةٍ (^٣)\n\n٤٧٥٤ - وزادَ غَيرُه عن إسرائيلَ في هذا الحديثِ: و\"سأَلَ سائلٌ\" و\"النّازِعات\" في رَكعَةٍ، و\"وَيلٌ لِلمُطَفِّفينَ\" و\"عَبَسَ\" في رَكعَةٍ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ \"عَمَّ يَتَساءَلونَ\" وما بَعدَه. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا (^٥) أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدقل: تمر ردئ لا يتلاصق فإذا نثر تفرق وانفردت كل ثمرة عن أختها. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٦٨) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٣٩٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٤٤).\n(^٥) لم يرد هذا الحديث في: الأصل، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":371},{"text":"يونُسَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ وكيعٍ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: إنَّ أحسَنَ الصَّلاةِ الرُّكوعُ والسُّجودُ، إنِّى لأعرِفُ النَّظائرَ التي كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ بهِنَّ اثنَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، عِشرينَ سورَةً في عَشْرِ رَكَعاتٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ حَربٍ السِّمسارُ أبو حاتِمٍ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَقرأُ عَشْرَ سُوَرٍ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ (^٣).\nقال عاصِمٌ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لأبِى العاليَةِ فقالَ: وأَنا كُنتُ أقرأُ عِشرينَ سورَةً في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، ولَكِن حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لِكُلِّ سورَةٍ حَظُّها مِنَ الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\" (^٤).\nتابَعَه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن عاصِمٍ في حَديثِ أبى العاليَةِ:\n\n٤٧٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لِكُلِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٠٠٣) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٢٢/ ٢٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٥٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٠٦) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٩٠، ٢٠٦٥١) من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"5","page":372},{"text":"سورَةٍ حَظُّها مِنَ الرُكوعِ والسُّجودِ\". فقالَ له أنَسٌ: مَن حَدَّثَكَ؟ قال: وإِنِّى أذكُرُ، وأَذكُرُ المَكانَ الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى فيهِ (^١).\n\n٤٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن المُخارِقِ قال: مَرَرتُ بأَبِى ذَرٍّ بالرَّبَذَةِ وأَنا حاجٌّ (^٢)، فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه مَنزِلَه، فوَجَدتُه يُصلِّى يُخَفِّفُ القيامَ قَدرَ ما يَقرأُ ﴿إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ﴾ و﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ﴾ ويُكثِرُ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ، فلَمّا قَضى الصَّلاةَ قُلتُ له: يا أبا ذَرٍّ، رأَيتُكَ تُخَفِّفُ القيامَ وتُكثِرُ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ. قال: فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عبدٍ يَسجُدُ للهِ سَجدَةً أو يَركَعُ للهِ رَكعَةً، إلا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عنه بها خَطيئَةً، ورَفَعَه بها دَرَجَةً\" (^٣).\n\n٤٧٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبِ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ وهو ابنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ رأَى فتًى وهو يُصَلِّى، قَد أطالَ صَلاتَه وأطنَبَ فيها، فقالَ: مَن يَعرِفُ هذا؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: لَو كُنتُ أعرِفُه لأمَرتُه أن يُطيلَ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ العَبدَ إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى أُتِىَ بذُنوبِه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٨٢) بذكر المرفوع فقط.\n(^٢) في ص ٢: \"خارج\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٠٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٤٤: مخارق لا يعرف.","vol":"5","page":373},{"text":"فجُعِلَت على رأسِه وعاتِقَيه، فكُلَّما رَكَعَ أو سَجَدَ تَساقَطَت عنه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1014>بابُ صِفَةِ القِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ في الرَّفعِ والخَفضِ</span>\n\n٤٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَركانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عَمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَت قِراءَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - على قَدرِ ما يَسمَعُه مَن في الحُجرَةِ وهو في البَيتِ (^٢).\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ عن ابنِ أبي الزِّنادِ وقالَ في مَتنِه: يَسمَعُ قِراءَتَه مَن وراءَ الحُجرَةِ وهو في البَيتِ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٦١ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، أنَّ كُرَيبًا أخبَرَه قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: كَيفَ كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - باللَّيلِ؟ فقالَ: كان يَقرأُ في بَعضِ حُجَرِه فيَسمَعُ قِراءَتَه مَن كان خارِجًا (^٤).\n\n٤٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣١٤٦). وأخرجه المروزي في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٢٩٤)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٧٧ من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٤٤: إسناده قوي.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبي الزناد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٥٤٥) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (٢٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٧) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.","vol":"5","page":374},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السّالَحينِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بأَبِي بكرٍ وهو يُصَلِّي يَخفِضُ مِن صَوتِه، ومَرَّ بعُمَرَ وهو يُصَلِّي رافِعًا صَوتَه، فلَمّا اجتَمَعا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال لأبِي بكرٍ: \"يا أبا بكرٍ، مَرَرتُ بكَ وأنتَ تُصَلِّي تَخفِضُ صَوتِكَ\". قال: قَد أسمَعتُ مَن ناجَيتُ. فقالَ: \"مَرَرتُ بكَ يا عُمَرُ وأنتَ تَرفَعُ صَوتَكُ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ أحتَسِبُ به، أُوقِظُ الوَسْنانَ (^١). فقالَ لأبِي بكرٍ: \"ارفَعْ مِن صَوتِكَ شَيئًا\". وقالَ لِعُمَرَ: \"اخفِضْ مِن صَوتِكَ شَيئًا\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنائِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا إلَى قَولِه: قال: فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أُوقِظُ الوَسنانَ، وأَطرُدُ الشَّيطانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو حُصينِ ابنُ يَحيَى الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الوسنان: النائم الذي ليس بمستغرق في نومه. النهاية ٥/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣١٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٢٩)، والترمذي (٤٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (١١٦١) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث غريب، وإنما أسنده يحيى بن إسحاق عن حماد بن سلمة، وأكثر الناس إنما رووا هذا الحديث عن ثابت عن عبد الله بن رباح مرسلًا.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٢٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٨٠).","vol":"5","page":375},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بهَذِه القِصَّةِ. لَم يَذكُرْ: فقالَ لأبِي بكرٍ: \"ارفَعْ شَيئًا\". ولا لِعُمَرَ: \"اخفِضْ شَيئًا\". قال: \"وقَد سَمِعتُكَ يا بلالُ وأنتَ تَقرأُ مِن هذه السّورَةِ، ومِن هذه السّورَةِ\". قال: كَلامٌ طَيِّبٌ يَجمَعُه اللهُ ﷿ بَعضه إلَى بَعضٍ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُكُم قَد أصابَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1015>بابُ مَن لَم يَرفَعْ صَوتَه بالقِراءَةِ شَديدًا إذا كان يَتأَذَّى به مَن حَولَهُ</span>\n\n٤٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ - قال: اعتَكَفَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ فسَمِعَهُم يَجهَرونَ بالقِراءَةِ وهو في قُبَّةٍ له، فكَشَفَ المَستورَةَ وقالَ: \"ألا إنَّ كُلَّكُم يُناجِي رَبَّه، فلا يُؤذيَنَّ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا، ولا يَرفَعَنَّ بَعضُكُم على بَعضٍ في القِراءَةِ في الصَّلاةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب ٢/ ٤٣١ عقب (٢٣٠٥)، وأبو داود (١٣٣٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣١٠، ٣١١ وصححه، وعبد الرزاق (٤٢١٦) - ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٨٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٣٣٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٩٢) عن محمد بن رافع به. وابن خزيمة (١١٦٢) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٨٣).","vol":"5","page":376},{"text":"حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي حازِمٍ التَّمّارِ، عن البَياضِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ على النّاسِ وهُم يُصَلّونَ، وقَد عَلَت أصواتُهُم بالقِراءَةِ، فقالَ: \"إنَّ المُصَلِّيَ مُناجٍ رَبَّه، فليَنظُرْ ما يُناجيه به، ولا يَجهَرْ بَعضُكُم على بَعضٍ بالقِراءَةِ (^١) \" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1016>بابُ مَن جَهَرَ بها إذا كان مَن حَولَه لا يَتأَذَّى بقِراءَتِهِ</span>\n\n٤٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ (^٣) أبو إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يَقرأُ باللَّيلِ في المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"يَرحَمُه اللهُ، لَقَد أذكَرَنِي كَذا وكَذا آيَةً نُسّيتُها مِن سورَةِ كَذا وكَذا\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ آدَمَ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٦).\n\n٤٧٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"في القراءة\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٨٠ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٩٠٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٦٤، ٨٠٩١).\n(^٣) في م: \"الزهراني\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١١٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٣٥)، والبخاري (٢٦٥٥)، ومسلم (٧٨٨/ ٢٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٠٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٧) من طريق هشام به. وينظر الحديث (٤٧٦٩).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٠٤٢).\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٠٣٨)، ومسلم (٧٨٨/ ٢٢٤).","vol":"5","page":377},{"text":"حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقَرأَ، فرَفَعَ صَوتَه بالقُرآنِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَرحَمُ اللهُ فُلانًا، كأيِّن مِن آيَةٍ أذكَرَنِيها الليلَةَ كُنتُ أسقَطتُها! \" (^١).\n\n٤٧٦٩ - وأخبرَنا (^٢) أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقرأُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: \"﵀، لَقَد أذكَرَنِي كَذا وكَذا آيَةً كُنتُ أسقَطتُها مِن سورَةِ كَذا وكَذا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِيُّ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِيُّ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو رأيتَنِي وأنا أسمَعُ قِراءَتَكَ البارِحَةَ، لَقَد أُوتيتَ مِزمارًا مِن مَزاميرِ آلِ داودَ\". فقالَ: لَو عَلِمتُ لحَبَّرتُه (^٥) لَكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٦٠٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٣١، ٣٩٧٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) لم يرد هذا الحديث في الأصل، ص ٢، ولم يذكره الذهبي في المهذب.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٨٢٧)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (١٧٨٧) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وينظر (٤٧٦٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٣٨)، ومسلم (٧٨٨/ ٢٢٤).\n(^٥) يريد تحسين القراءة وتحزين الصوت بها. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٣١٩.","vol":"5","page":378},{"text":"تَحبيرًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ أبي موسَى (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مُختَصَرًا مِن حَديثِ بُرَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ عن جَدِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ مالكٍ وحَيوَةُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبي سلمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما أذِنَ اللهُ لِشَيءٍ ما أذِنَ لِنَبِيٍّ حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ يَتَغَنَّى بالقرآنِ يَجهَرُ به\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ عن عَمِّهِ (^٥).\n\n٤٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي قَيسٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سأَلَ عائشةَ: كَيفَ كانَت قِراءَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ اللَّيلِ؛ أكانَ يَجهَرُ أم يُسِرُّ؟ قالَت: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كان يَفعَلُ، رُبَّما جَهَرَ، ورُبَّما أسَرَّ. قال: قُلتُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ في الأمرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٥٥) من طريق أبي بردة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٩٣/ ٢٣٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٤٨).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٤٧٣). وأخرجه البخاري (٧٥٤٤)، ومسلم (٧٩٢/ ٢٣٣) من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به. والنسائي (١٠١٦) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٩٢/. . .).","vol":"5","page":379},{"text":"سَعَةً (^١).\n\n٤٧٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ زائدَةَ بنِ نَشيطٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي خالِدٍ الوالِبِيِّ قال: كان أبو هريرةَ إذا قامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ رَفَعَ صوتَه (^٢) طَورًا، وخَفَضَ طَورًا، وكانَ يَذكُرُ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن عِمرانَ (^٤).\n\n٤٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وغَيرُهُم ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ الحِمصِيُّ، عن بَحيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ الكُلاعِيِّ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الجاهِرُ بالقُرآنِ كالجاهِرِ بالصَّدَقَةِ، والمُسِرُّ بالقُرآنِ كالمُسِرِّ بالصَّدَقَةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٢٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٣١٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٨١، ١١٦٠)، وأبو عوانة (٢٢٥٤) عن بحر بن نصر به. وتقدم في (٩٨٤، ٩٨٥)، وسيأتي في (٤٨٩٩).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢٦٠٣) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٤٦: رواه وكيع عنه فأرسله.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٢٨) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. وابن خزيمة (١١٥٩) من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٩).\n(^٥) المصنف في شعب الإيمان (٢٦١٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٩١٩) عن الحسن بن عرفة به، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٣٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٧٣٦٨)، =","vol":"5","page":380},{"text":"تابَعَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1017>بابُ تَرتيلِ القِراءَةِ</span>\nقَد مَضى في هذا أحاديثُ في أبوابِ القِراءَةِ؛ في بابِ: كَيفَ قِراءَةُ المُصَلِّى؟ (^٢) ومَضى في التَّطَوُّعِ قاعِدًا حَديثُ حَفصةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في تَرتيلِه السّورَةَ حَتَّى تَكونَ أطوَلَ مِن أطوَلَ مِنها (^٣).\n\n٤٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ مَملَكٍ (^٤)، أنَّه سأَلَ أُمَّ سلمةَ عن قِراءَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وصَلاتِه باللَّيلِ، فقالَت: وما لَكُم وصَلاتَهُ (^٥)؟ كان يُصَلِّي ثُمَّ يَنامُ قَدرَ ما صَلَّى، ثُمَّ يُصلِّى قَدرَ ما نامَ، ثُمَّ يَنامُ قَدرَ ما صَلَّى، حَتَّى يُصبِحَ. ونَعَتَت له قِراءَتَه، فإِذا هِيَ تَنعَتُ قِراءَةً مُفَسَّرَةً حَرفًا حَرفًا (^٦).\n_________\n= والنسائي (٢٥٦٠)، وابن حبان (٧٣٤) من طريق بحير بن سعد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٨٤).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٩٦) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٤٥٨ - ٢٤٦٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٦٤٧).\n(^٤) في ص ٢، م: \"مالك\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٤٠١.\n(^٥) بالنصب: أي: ما تصنعون بصلاته، والمعنى أنكم لا تستطيعون أن تصلوا صلاته. تحفة الأحوذي ٨/ ١٩٤. وينظر عون المعبود ١/ ٥٤٧.\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٣١٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (١٣٢) من =","vol":"5","page":381},{"text":"٤٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادٌ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنِّي سَريعُ القِراءَةِ، إنِّي أهُذُّ القُرآنَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَأنْ أقرأَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" فأُرَتِّلَها، أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أقرأَ القُرآنَ كُلَّه هَذرَمَةً (^١).\n\n٤٧٧٧ - [وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنِّي رَجُلٌ سَريعُ القِراءَةِ، ورُبَّما قَرأتُ القُرآنَ في لَيلَةٍ مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ. فَقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَأن أقرأَ سورَةً واحِدَةً أعجَبُ إلَيَّ مِن أن أفعَلَ مِثلَ الَّذِي تَفعَلُ، فإِن كُنتَ فاعِلًا لا بُدَّ فاقرأْه قِراءَةً تُسمِعُ أُذُنَيكَ ويَعيهِ قَلبُكَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٧٨ - وحَدَّثَنا شَبابَةُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ (^٤)، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: اقرَءوا القُرآنَ، وحَرِّكوا به القُلوبَ، لا يَكونُ هَمُّ أحَدِكم آخِرَ السّورَةِ (^٥)] (^٢).\n_________\n= طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وأحمد (٢٦٥٢٦)، وأبو داود (١٤٦٦)، والترمذي (٢٩٢٣)، والنسائي (١٠٢١، ١٦٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥٨) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث صحيح غريب، لا نعرفه إلا من حديث الليث بن سعد عن ابن أبي مليكة عن يعلى بن مملك عن أم سلمة.\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢. والأثر تقدم تخريجه في (٢٤٦٦).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٥٩)، وسقط منه ذكر شعبة، ووقع فيه: \"أبو حمزة\"، بدل: \"أبو جمرة\".\n(^٤) كذا في م، والمهذب ٢/ ٩٤٧، وصوابه \"أبو حمزة\" كما في الشعب للمصنف. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٢٠٤٢).","vol":"5","page":382},{"text":"٤٧٧٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى أبو بكرٍ الطَّلْحِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن كُلَيبٍ العامِرِيِّ، عن خَرَشَةَ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يُصلِّي ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ وهو يُرَدِّدُ آيَةً حَتَّى أصبَحَ، بها يَركَعُ وبِها يَسجُدُ: ﴿إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ﴾ [المائدة: ١١٨]. قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما زِلتَ تُرَدِّدُ هذه الآيَةَ حَتَّى أصبَحتَ؟ قال: \"إنِّي سألتُ رَبِّي الشَّفاعَةَ لأُمَّتِي، وهِيَ نائلَةٌ لِمَن لا يُشرِكُ باللهِ شَيئًا\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا قُدامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَتنِي جَسرَةُ بنتُ دِجاجَةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: قامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بآيَةٍ حَتَّى أصبَحَ يُرَدِّدُها، والآيَةُ: ﴿إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) هذا الحديث ورد في النسخة المطبوعة، ولم يرد في الأصل، ص ٢، وقد ذكره الذهبي في المهذب ٢/ ٩٤٧ كما في المطبوعة، وفيه خطأ في اسم \"فليت العامري\"، تحرف إلى \"كليب\"، و\"جسرة بنت دجاجة\" تحرفت إلى \"خرشة بن الحر\"، وقد ساقه المصنف من طريق ابن أبي شيبة، وليس عنده كليب ولا خرشة. كما سيأتي تخريجه بعد قليل.\nوإشارة المصنف لهذه الرواية بعد الحديث التالي بقوله: تابعه فليت العامري. . . إلى آخره ترجح أنه استعاض عنها بهذه الإشارة، وأورد الأسماء فيها على الصواب. والله أعلم. وينظر للكلام على هذا الإسناد: السلسلة الضعيفة للألباني (٦٠٣٧).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٣٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٠)، والنسائي (١٠٠٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٢١٣٨٨) من طريق قدامة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١١١٠).","vol":"5","page":383},{"text":"تابَعَه فُلَيتٌ (^١) العامِرِيُّ عن جَسرَةَ، وزادَ: بها يَركَعُ وبِها يَسجُدُ (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1018>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِن تَركِ قيامِ اللَّيلِ لمن كان يَقومُه</span>\n\n٤٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّنّيسِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ الحَكَمِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَكُنْ مِثلَ فُلانٍ، كان يَقومُ اللَّيلَ فتَرَكَ قيامَ اللَّيلِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ عن عمرِو بنِ أبي سلمةَ (^٥)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي العِشرينَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"قليب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٢٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٣٠٢) عن محمد بن فضيل عن فليت به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٠٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٢٩) عن أحمد بن عيسى به. والنسائي (١٧٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٩) من طريق عمرو بن أبي سلمة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٨٥).\n(^٦) علقه البخاري عقب (١١٥٢) عن هشام الدستوائي عن ابن أبي العشرين. وينظر فتح الباري ٣/ ٣٨.","vol":"5","page":384},{"text":"ثُمَّ (^١) قال: وتابَعَه عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ. ورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ ومُبَشِّرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ فلَم يَذكُرا عُمَرَ بنَ الحَكَمِ في إسنادِه (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الوَليدُ بنُ مَزيَدٍ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1019>بابُ المَريضِ يَترُكُ القيامَ باللَّيلِ أو يُصَلِّى قاعِدًا</span>\n\n٤٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا (^٤) أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جُندُبًا يقولُ: اشتَكَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فلَمْ يَقُمْ لَيلَةً أو لَيلَتَينِ، فأَتَتِ امرأَةٌ فقالَت: يا محمدُ، ما أُرَى شَيطانَكَ إلَّا قَد تَرَكَكَ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالضُّحَى (١) وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (٢) مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى﴾ (^٥) [الضحى: ١ - ٣]. رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٦).\n\n٤٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٥٢) من طريق ابن المبارك ومبشر بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٣١) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٤) هذا الحديث ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٥) أحمد (١٨٨٠٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥٦٦) من طريق أبي نعيم به. والبخاري (١١٢٥) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٦) البخاري (١١٢٤، ٤٩٨٣)، ومسلم (١٧٩٧/ ١١٥).","vol":"5","page":385},{"text":"أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ قال: سَمِعتُ جُندُبًا (^١) يقولُ: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يَقُمْ لَيلَتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فجاءَته امرأَةٌ فقالَت: يا محمدُ، إنِّي لأرجو أن يَكونَ شَيطانُكَ قَد تَرَكَكَ، لَم أرَه قَرِبَكَ مُنذُ لَيلَتَينِ أو ثَلاثٍ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَالضُّحَى (١) وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى (٢) مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى﴾ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٨٤ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^٥) السُّبْعِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ (ح)] (^٤) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي موسَى النَّصْرِيِّ (^٦) قال: قالَت لِي عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: لا تَدَعْ قيامَ اللَّيلِ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"جندب\". وكتب فوقها: كذا. ورسم المنصوب بصورة المرفوع والمجرور جائز، قال العلامة أحمد شاكر: قد ثبت في أصول صحيحة عتيقة من كتب الحديث وغيرها بخطوط علماء أعلام. . . الرسالة ص ٥٩. وينظر شرح المفصل لابن يعيش ٩/ ٦٩، ٧٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٠١) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٩٥٠)، ومسلم (١٧٩٧/ ١١٥).\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"بن\". ينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٠٤).\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"البصري\" بالباء، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٦٠.","vol":"5","page":386},{"text":"كان لا يَدَعُه، وكانَ إذا مَرِضَ - أو قالَت: كَسِلَ - صَلَّى قاعِدًا (^١). كَذا قال شُعبَةُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ، وقالَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي قَيسٍ. وهو أصَحُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1020>بابُ مَن نامَ على نيَّةِ أن يَقومَ فلَم يَستَيقِظْ</span>\n\n٤٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ عِندَه رِضًا، أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ أخبَرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِنِ امرِئٍ تَكونُ له صَلاةٌ بلَيلٍ، فيَغلِبُه عَلَيها نَومٌ، إلا كَتَبَ اللهُ له أجرَ صَلاتِه، وكانَ نَومُه صَدَقَةً عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءِ بنِ السِّندِيِّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ وموسَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَسروقِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عبدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٨، والطيالسي (١٦٢٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦١١٤)، وأبو داود (١٣٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣٧). وعند أبي داود: عبد الله بن أبي قيس. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٩).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١١٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٦٤)، والنسائي (١٧٨٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣١٤) عن عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٦٦).","vol":"5","page":387},{"text":"سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أتَى فِراشَه وهو يَنوِى أن يَقومَ يُصَلِّى باللَّيلِ، فغَلَبَته عَينُه حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، كُتِبَ له ما نَوَى، وكانَ نَومُه صَدَقَةً عَلَيه مِن رَبِّه\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِن قَولِ أبي الدَّرداءِ (^٢).\nورَواه جَريرٌ عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ عن عبدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ عن أبي الدَّرداءِ مَوقوفًا (^٣). ورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن عبدَةَ عن زِرٍّ أو عن سُوَيدٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ و(^٤) عن أبي ذَرٍّ مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1021>بابُ مَن نامَ على غَيرِ نيَّةِ أن يَقومَ حَتَّى أصبَحَ</span>\n\n٤٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: ذُكِرَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣١١ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٧٢) عن موسى بن عبد الرحمن به. والنسائي (١٧٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٣٤٤) من طريق حسين الجعفي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١١٠٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣١١. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٤٩: رواه ابن المبارك عن السفيانين عن عبدة فوقفه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٧٣) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) في م: \"أو\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٧٤) من طريق الثوري به. وأخرجه النسائي (١٧٨٧) من طريق الثوري، وفيه: عن سويد عن أبي ذر وأبي الدرداء، وكذا هو في التحفة (١٠٩٣٧).","vol":"5","page":388},{"text":"رَجُلٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما زالَ نائمًا حَتَّى أصبَحَ، ما قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ: \"ذاكَ رَجُلٌ بالَ الشَّيطانُ في أُذُنَيه\". أو قال: \"في أُذُنِه\" (^١) رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن منصورٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"يَعقِدُ الشَّيطانُ على قافيَةِ رأسِ أحَدِكُم ثلاثَ عُقَدٍ إذا نامَ، كُلُّ عُقدَةٍ يَضرِبُ مَكانَها: عَلَيكَ ليلٌ طَويلٌ فارقُدْ. فإِذا استَيقَظَ فذَكَرَ اللهَ انحَلَّت عُقدَةٌ، فإِن تَوَضّأ انحَلَّتِ الثّانيَةُ، فإِن صَلَّى انحَلَّتِ الثّالِثَةُ، فأصبَحَ نَشيطًا طَيِّبَ النَّفسِ، فإِن لَم يَفعَلْ أصبَحَ [خبيثَ النفسِ] (^٣) كَسلانَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن أخيه أبي بكرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٣٠) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وأحمد (٣٥٥٧، ٤٠٥٩)، والبخاري (٣٢٧٠)، والنسائي (١٦٠٧، ١٦٠٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣٠) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٤٤)، ومسلم (٧٧٤/ ٢٠٥).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"لقس\" وعند الطحاوي: \"لقس النفس\". واللَّقِس: السيئ الخلق. النهاية ٤/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٤٦) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به، وتقدم في (٤٧٠٥) من طريق الأعرج عن أبي هريرة.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٢٦٩).","vol":"5","page":389},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1022>بابُ مَن نَعَسَ في صَلاتِه فليَرقُدْ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ عنه النَّومُ</span>\n\n٤٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا نَعَسَ أحَدُكُم في صَلاتِه فليَرقُدْ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ عنه النَّومُ، فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا صَلَّى وهو ناعِسٌ لَعَلَّه يَذهَبُ يَستَغفِرُ فيَسُبَّ (^١) نَفسَه\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنِ علىٍّ الفامِيُّ (^٣) وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ العُمَرِيُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِيُّ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذَكَروا الحديثَ بمِثلِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، جَميعًا عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n٤٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) يسب: بالنصب، ويجوز الرفع. ومعنى يسب: يدعو على نفسه. ينظر فتح الباري ١/ ٣١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٢١٩) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٣) في م: \"القاضي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٣٣٦)، ومالك ١/ ١١٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٣١٠)، وابن حبان (٢٥٨٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٢)، ومسلم (٧٨٦).","vol":"5","page":390},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا نَعَسَ أحَدُكُم وهو يُصَلِّي فليَنَمْ على فِراشِه؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِي أيَدعو على نَفسِه أو يَدعو لَها\" (^١).\n\n٤٧٩٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ اللَّيلِ فاستَعجَمَ القُرآنُ (^٢) على لِسانِه، فلَم يَدرِ ما يقولُ فليَضطَجِعْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1023>بابُ مَن وَثِقَ بنَفسِه فشَدَّدَ على نَفسِه في العِبادَةِ</span>\n\n٤٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ (^٥) بالطّابَرَانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ بطُوسَ في سنةِ سِتٍّ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائةٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ النَّجَاحِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٢٢٢)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٢٢٢٠).\n(^٢) فاستعجم القرآن: أي: استغلق ولم ينطلق به لسانه لغلبة النعاس. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ٧٤، ٧٥.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٤٢٢١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٣١)، وأبو داود (١٣١١)، وابن حبان (٢٥٨٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٤٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٨٧).\n(^٥) في ص ٢: \"البزار\".","vol":"5","page":391},{"text":"قال: قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى تَوَرَّمَت قَدَماه، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أليس قَد غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ؟ قال: \"أفَلا أكونُ عبدًا شَكورًا؟ \" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1024>بابُ القَصدِ في العِبادَةِ والجَهدِ في المُداوَمَةِ</span>\n\n٤٧٩٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي العباسِ وهو السّائبُ بنُ فرّوخَ الشّاعِرُ، سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَم أُخبَرْ أنَّكَ تَصومُ النَّهارَ وتَقومُ اللَّيلَ\". قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلْ، فإنَّكَ إذا فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ هَجَمَت (^٣) عَيناكَ، ونَفِهَت نَفسُكَ (^٤)، إنَّ لِعَينِكَ حَقًّا، ولِنَفسِكَ حَقًّا، ولأهلِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقٌّ (^٥)، صُمْ وأفطِرْ، وقُمْ ونَمْ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤٥٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٩٨)، والنسائي (١٦٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٤١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١١٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣١١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٣٤٠١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٨١٩/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) هجمت: غارت أو ضعفت لكثرة السهر. فتح الباري ٣/ ٣٨.\n(^٤) نفهت نفسك: أعيت. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٤٦.\n(^٥) في م: \"حقا\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: في أصل المصنف: \"حق\". وينظر كلام ابن حجر، وبيان روايات البخاري في فتح الباري ٣/ ٣٨.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨٤٣)، والنسائي (٢٣٩٩) من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"5","page":392},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٤٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا تَشاءُ أن تَراه مِنَ اللَّيلِ مُصلّيًا إلَّا رأَيتَه، ولا نائمًا إلَّا رأَيتَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٤٧٩٧ - أخبَرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ قال: سُئلَ أنَسٌ عن صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وصَومِه تَطَوُّعًا قال: كان يَصومُ مِنَ الشَّهرِ حَتَّى نَقولَ: ما يُريدُ أن يُفطِرَ مِنه شَيئًا. ويُفطِرُ مِنَ الشَّهرِ حَتَّى نَقولَ: ما يُريدُ أن يَصومَ مِنه شَيئًا. وما كُنّا نَشاءُ أن نَراه مِنَ اللَّيلِ مُصَلّيًا إلَّا رأَيناه، ولا نَراه نائمًا إلَّا رأَيناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٥٣)، ومسلم (١١٥٩/ ١١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠١٢)، والترمذي (٧٦٩)، والنسائي (١٦٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٣٤)، وابن حبان (٢٦١٧، ٢٦١٨) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٧٣) عن محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري به.","vol":"5","page":393},{"text":"٤٧٩٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يُحِبُّ الدّائمَ مِنَ العَمَلِ. قُلتُ: أيَّ اللَّيلِ كان يَقومُ؟ قالَت: إذا سَمِعَ الصّارِخَ (^١). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي الأحوَصِ وغَيرِه عن أشعَثَ في \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n٤٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ المُرادِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبِ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أخبَرَته، أنَّ الحَولاءَ بنتَ تُوَيتِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى مَرَّت بها وعِندَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: هذه الحَولاءُ بنتُ تُوَيتٍ، وزَعَموا أنَّها لا تَنامُ اللَّيلَ. فَقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ولِمَ لا تَنامُ اللَّيلَ؟ خُذوا مِنَ العَمَلِ ما تُطيقونَ، فواللهِ لا يَسأمُ اللهُ حَتَّى تَسأموا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ المُرادِيِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٠٠ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ ويَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٧١) عن يحيى بن سعيد به، وتقدم تخريجه في (٤٧٢١، ٤٧٢٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٣٢)، ومسلم (٧٤١/ ١٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٨٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٦٠٩٥) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٨٥/ ٢٢٠).","vol":"5","page":394},{"text":"إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت عِندَها امرأَةٌ مِن بَنِي أسَدٍ، فدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن هَذِهِ؟ \". قالَت: هذه فُلانَةُ، لا تَنامُ اللَّيلَ. قال: فذَكَرَت مِن صلاتِها. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَه! عَلَيكُم بما تُطيقونَ، فواللهِ لا يَمَلُّ اللهُ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا\". قال: فقالَت: كان أحَبَّ الدِّينِ إلَيه الَّذِي يَدومُ عَلَيه صاحِبُه. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ وغَيرِه عن هِشامٍ، وقالوا: عنه عن أبيه عن عائشَةَ (^١).\n\n٤٨٠١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها فقالَت: هذه فُلانَةُ. تَذكُرُ مِن صلاتِها. فقالَ: \"مَه! فإِنَّ اللهَ لا يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا، وأحَبُّ الدّينِ ما دُووِمَ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ: قَولُه ﵇: \"فإِنَّ اللهَ لا يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا\". قال فيه بَعضهُم: لا يَمَلُّ مِنَ الثَّوابِ حَتَّى تَمَلّوا مِنَ العَمَلِ. واللهُ ﷿ لا يوصَفُ بالمَلالِ، ولَكِنَّ الكَلامَ أُخرِجَ مُخرَجَ المُحاذاةِ؛ اللَّفظِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٣)، ومسلم (٧٨٥/ ٢٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٤٥)، والنسائي (١٦٤١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٤١٨٩)، ومسلم (٧٨٥/ ٢٢١)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٣٨)، وابت خزيمة (١٢٨٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"5","page":395},{"text":"باللَّفظِ، وذَلِكَ شائعٌ (^١) في كَلامِ العَرَبِ، وعَلَى ذَلِكَ خَرَجَ قَولُ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا﴾ [الشورى: ٤٠]. قوبِلَتِ السَّيِّئَةُ الأولَى التي هِيَ ذَنبٌ بالجَزاءِ على لَفظِ السَّيِّئَةِ، والقِصاصُ عَدلٌ لَيسَ بسَيِّئَةٍ، وكَذَلِكَ قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٤] واقتِصاصُه لَيسَ بظُلمٍ ولا عُدوانٍ، فأُخرِجَ في اللَّفظِ لِلمُحاذاةِ على الاعتِداءِ، والمَعنَى لَيسَ باعتِداءٍ، فكَذَلِكَ قَولُه: \"فإِنَّ اللهَ لا يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا\". أُخرِجَ مُحاذيًا للَّفظِ (^٢): \"حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا\". والمَعنَى: لا يَقطَعُ عَنهُم ثَوابَ أعمالِهِم ما لَم يَمَلُّوا فيَترُكوها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: دَخَلَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَسجِدَ فإِذا حَبلٌ مَمدودٌ بَينَ ساريَتَينِ، فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". قالوا: هذا الحَبلُ لِزَينَبَ تُصَلِّي، فإِذا فتَرَت تَعَلَّقَت بهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُلُّوه، ليُصَلِّي (^٣) أحَدُكُم نَشاطَه، فإِذا فتَرَ فليَقعُدْ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"سائغ\". بالسين المهملة والغين المعجمة.\n(^٢) في م: \"للقط\".\n(^٣) في م: \"ليصل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٦٤٢)، وابن ماجه (١٣٧١) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد به. وأحمد (١١٩٨٦)، ومسلم (٧٨٤/ ٢١٩)، وأبو داود (١٣١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٣٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (١١٨٠)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩٢) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وسيأتي في (٤٨٠٩).","vol":"5","page":396},{"text":"أبي مَعمَرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^١).\n\n٤٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِنكُمَ أحَدٌ يُنَجِّيه عَمَلُه\". قالوا: ولا أنتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"ولا أنا، إلا أن يَتَغَمَّدَنِيَ اللهُ مِنه برَحمَةٍ، سَدِّدوا وقارِبوا - أو: قَرِّبوا - ورُوحُوا واغْدُوا، وحَظٌّ (^٢) مِنَ الدُّلْجَةِ (^٣)، والقَصدَ القَصدَ، تَبلُغوا\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٥).\n\n٤٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن مَعنِ بنِ محمدٍ الغِفارِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ هذا الدّينَ يُسرٌ، ولَن يُشادَّ هذا الدّينَ أحَدٌ إلا غَلَبَه، فسَدِّدوا وقارِبوا، وأبشِروا، واستَعينوا بالغُدوَةِ والرَّوْحَةِ، وشَيءٍ مِنَ الدُّلْجَة\" (^٦). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٥٠)، ومسلم (٧٨٤/. . .).\n(^٢) في م: \"خطا\".\n(^٣) الرواح: السير من أول النصف الثاني من النهار، والغدو: السير من أول النهار، والدلجة: سير الليل. فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٤٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٧٧) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وسيأتي في (٦٦٣٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٦٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٥٠٤٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥١) من طريق عمر بن علي به.","vol":"5","page":397},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ مُطَهَّرٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ (^١).\n\n٤٨٠٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أشهَلُ بنُ حاتِمٍ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه قال: قال بُرَيدَةُ: انطَلَقتُ فرأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فظَنَنتُ أنَّ له حاجَةً، فجَعَلتُ أُعارِضُه وأُحبَسُ (^٢) عنه. قال: فدَعانِي فأَخَذَ بيَدِي، فرأَى رَجُلًا يُكثِرُ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ فقالَ: \"أتُراه مُرائى (^٣)؟ أتُراه مُرائى؟ \". قال: فتَرَكَ يَدَه مِن يَدِي، وقالَ: \"عَلَيكُم هَديًا قاصِدًا، عَلَيكُم هَديًا قاصِدًا\". وضَرَبَ بإِحدَى يَدَيه على الأُخرَى: \"فإِنَّه مَن يُشادَّ هذا الدّينَ يَغلِبْه\" (^٤).\n\n٤٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ (^٥) عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عَقِيلٍ يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سُوقَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ هذا الدّينَ مَتينٌ فأوغِلْ فيه برِفقٍ، ولا تُبَغِّضْ إلَى نَفسِكَ عِبادَةَ اللهِ، فإِنَّ المُنبَتَّ (^٦) لا أرضًا قَطَعَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٩).\n(^٢) كذا في ص ٢، م. وبدون نقط في: الأصل، وفى المهذب ٢/ ٩٥٢: \"أحتبس\".\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٢/ ٩٥٢، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي مصدري التخريج: \"يرائي\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١١٧٩) من طريق عيينة به.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٦) يقال للرجل إذا انقَطع به في سفره وعطبت راحلته: قد انبت، يريد أنه بقى في طريقه عاجزًا عن مقصده لم يقض وطره، وقد أعطب ظهره. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٩٢.","vol":"5","page":398},{"text":"ظَهرًا (^١) أبقَى\" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه أبو عَقِيلٍ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ سُوقَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن عائشةَ (^٣). وقيلَ: عنه عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٤). وقيلَ عنه غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\nورُوِيَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٤٨٠٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن مَولًى لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ هذا الدّينَ مَتينٌ، فأوغِلْ فيه برِفقٍ، ولا تُبَغِّضْ إلَى نَفسِكَ عِبادَةَ رَبِّكَ، فإِنَّ المُنبَتَّ لا سَفَرًا (^٥) قَطَعَ، ولا ظَهرًا (^٦) أبقَى، فاعمَلْ عَمَلَ امرِئٍ يَظُنُّ أن لَن يَموتَ أبَدًا، واحذَرْ حَذَرًا تَخشَى أن تَموتَ غَدًا\" (^٧).\n\n٤٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الظهر: الإبل التي يحمل عليها وتركب. النهاية ٣/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٩٥، ٩٦، والفاكهي في فوائده (٥٧). وأخرجه البزار (٧٤ - كشف) من طريق خلاد بن يحيى به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ١/ ٦٢: رواه البزار وفيه يحيى بن المتوكل أبو عقيل، وهو كذاب.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٨٥) من طريق محمد بن سوقة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (١١٧٨)، والبخاري في تاريخه ١/ ١٠٢، ١٠٣ من طريق محمد بن سوقة به.\n(^٥) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"سفر\".\n(^٦) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"ظهر\".\n(^٧) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٨٦).","vol":"5","page":399},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ ومالِكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: الاقتِصادُ في السُّنَّةِ أحسَنُ مِنَ الاجتِهادِ في البِدعَةِ (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ. ورُوِيَ عن الحَسَنِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا بزيادَةِ ألفاظٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٠٩ - وأخبرَنا (^٣) أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فرأَى حَبلًا مَمدودًا بَينَ ساريَتَينِ فقالَ: \"ما هذا الحَبلُ؟ \". قالوا: لِفُلانَةَ، تُصَلِّي فإِذا غُلِبَت تَعَلَّقَت بهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِتُصَلِّي مما عَقَلَت، فإِذا خَشِيَت أن تُغلَبَ فلتَنَمْ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1025>بابُ مَن فتَرَ عن قيامِ اللَّيلِ فصَلَّى ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ</span>\n\n٤٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٥) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٠٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٦٨)، والقضاعي في مسند الشهاب (١٢٧٠)، بلفظ: \"عمل قليل في سنة خير من عمل كثير في بدعة\".\n(^٣) لم يرد هذا الحديث في: الأصل، ص ٢، وفي حاشية المطبوعة أنه جاء هنا في النسخة المصرية.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٤٩٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (١٢٩١٦) من طريق حميد به. وتقدم في (٤٨٠٢).\n(^٥) في م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"5","page":400},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه قال في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿كَانُوا قَلِيلًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ﴾ [الذاريات: ١٧]، قال: كانوا يَتَيَقَّظونَ ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ يُصَلُّونَ ما بَينَهُما (^١).\n\n٤٨١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿كَانُوا قَلِيلًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ﴾ قال: كانوا يُصَلّونَ فيما بَينَهُما؛ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ. زادَ في حَديثِ يَحيَى: وكَذَلِكَ ﴿تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ﴾ [السجدة: ١٦] (^٢).\n\n٤٨١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ﴾ إلَى: ﴿يُنْفِقُونَ﴾، قال (^٣): كانوا يَتَيَقَّظونَ ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ يُصَلّونَ. قال: وكانَ الحَسَنُ يقولُ: قيامُ اللَّيلِ (^٤).\n\n٤٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا الأشيَبُ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة ٣/ ٧٠، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٨/ ٦١٠، ٢١/ ٥٠٢، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٧ من طريق سعيد به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة وابن جرير في الموضع الأول بذكر آية سورة \"السجدة\" الآتية. وقال الحاكم: على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٢٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"قالوا\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٣٢١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٧٣).","vol":"5","page":401},{"text":"وقالَ أبو عَقِيلٍ زُهرَةُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ المُنكَدِرِ وأَبا حازِمٍ يَقولانِ: ﴿تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ﴾: هِيَ ما بَينَ المَغرِب وصَلاةِ العِشاءِ؛ صَلاةُ الأوّابينَ (^١).\n\n٤٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن هارونَ، عن عيسَى بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، سأَلَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن: ﴿نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ [المزمل: ٦]. فقالَ: أوَّلُ اللَّيلِ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ. وسأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٤٨١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سُقَيرٍ (^٣)، أخبرَنا عُمارَةُ بنُ زاذانَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ قال: ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٤).\n\n٤٨١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ قال: كان الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ يُصَلِّي ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ. قال: وذَكَرَ الحَسَنُ أنَّ طاوُسًا لَم يكنْ يَراه شَيئًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مختصر قيام الليل للمروزي ص ٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٣٦٦ من طريق ابن أبي مليكة به. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٤٦ إلى الفريابي وابن أبي حاتم.\n(^٣) في ص ٢: \"سفيان\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"وكان رسول الله - ﷺ - يصلي ما بين المغرب والعشاء\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٩٧٤) من طريق عمارة بن زاذان به. ولفظه: عن أنس أنه كان يصلي ما بين المغرب والعشاء ويقول: هي ناشئة الليل.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٩٧٥) عن يحيى بن أبي بكير به.","vol":"5","page":402},{"text":"قال أحمدُ (^١): وقَد رُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يَعُدُّه مِن صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ.\n\n٤٨١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا المُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: كُلُّ صَلاةٍ بَعدَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ فهِىَ مِن ناشِئَةِ اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n٤٨١٨ - ورُوّينا عن أبي مِجلَزٍ أنَّه قال: النّاشِئَةُ ما كان بَعدَ العِشاءِ إلَى الصُّبحِ. أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٤٨١٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: ناشِئَةُ اللَّيلِ قيامُ ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ،\n_________\n(^١) هو المصنف أحمد بن الحسين البيهقي.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٧٩، وذكره ابن نصر في مختصر قيام الليل ص ١٠. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٤٧ إلى عبد بن حميد.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٣٦٩ من طريق التيمي به. وذكره أبن نصر في مختصر قيام الليل ص ١٠. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٤٧ إلى عبد بن حميد.\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٧٩. وذكره ابن نصر في مختصر قيام الليل ص ١٠.","vol":"5","page":403},{"text":"حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ﴾. قال: يَعنِي قيامَ اللَّيلِ، والنّاشِئَةُ بالحَبَشيَّةِ، إذا قامَ الرَّجُلُ قالوا: نَشأَ (^١).\nورُوّينا فيما مَضَى عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: ناشِئَةُ اللَّيلِ أوَّلُه (^٢).\n\n٤٨٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن التَّيمِيِّ قال: كُنّا في مَجلِسِ أبي عثمانَ. قال: فطَلَعَ عَلَينا رَجُلٌ فحَدَّثَنا عن عُبَيدٍ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه سُئلَ عن صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ صلاةَ ما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٣).\nورُوِيَ في هذا البابِ عن أُمِّ مُبَشِّرٍ الأنصاريَّةِ مَرفوعًا واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٨٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو سِنانٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ بَدرٍ، عن أبي الشَّعثاءِ المُحارِبِيِّ قال: كُنتُ في جَيشٍ فيهِم سَلمانُ. قال: فقالَ سَلمانُ: عَلَيكُم بهَذِه البَهائمِ التي تَكَفَّلَ اللهُ بأَرزاقِها فارفُقوا بها في السَّيرِ،\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٧٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٣٦٧ من طريق إسرائيل به. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٤٥ إلى سعيد بن منصور وعبد بن حميد وابن نصر وابن المنذر. وهو في مختصر قيام الليل ص ١٠.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٧٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني لشواهده. ينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (٢١٣٢).","vol":"5","page":404},{"text":"وأَعطُوها قوتَها، وعَلَيكُم بالصَّلاةِ فيما بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ؛ فإِنَّها تُخَفِّفُ عَنكُم مِن جُزءِ لَيلَتِكُم وتَكفيكُمُ الهَذْرَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1026>بابُ كَم يَكفِى الرَّجُلَ مِن قِراءَةِ القُرآنِ في لَيلَةٍ</span>\n\n٤٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَوارِسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ بانتِخابِ أخيه أبي الفَتحِ الحافظِ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي (^٢) مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قرأ بالآيَتَينِ مِن آخِرِ سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" في لَيلَةٍ كَفَتاه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يَعنِي ابنَ المَدينِيِّ يقولُ: قال سفيانُ: قال ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ: نَظَرتُ كَم يَكفِي الرَّجُلَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، فلَم أجِدْ سورَةً أقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثِ آياتٍ، فقُلتُ: لا يَنبَغِي أن يُقرأَ أقَلُّ مِن ثَلاثِ آياتٍ. قال سفيانُ\n_________\n(^١) الهذر: السكون. النهاية ٥/ ٢٥٦.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٩٧١) من طريق العلاء بن بدر به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"ابن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠١٩، ١٠٥٥٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٧٠٩١، ١٧٠٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٣٩٧)، والترمذي (٢٨٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٠٣، ٨٠١٨، ١٠٥٥٥)، وابن ماجه (١٣٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٥٧٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٠٩)، ومسلم (٨٠٧).","vol":"5","page":405},{"text":"فقُلتُ: أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قرأ بالآيَتَينِ مِن سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" في لَيلَةٍ (^١) كَفَتاه\". رَواه البخاريُّ (^٢) عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ. وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي صَعصَعَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَ رَجُلًا سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقرأُ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. يُرَدِّدُها، فلَمّا أصبَحَ جاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فكأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَتَقَلَّلُها (^٤) - وقالَ القَعنَبِيُّ: يَتَقالُّها (^٥) - فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه إنَّها لَتَعدِلُ ثُلُثَ القُرآنِ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ وغَيرِه (^٧). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو مَعمَرٍ - وهو إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^٨) - فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِي:\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"ليلته\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"في الصحيح\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"ليس في خطه: في الصحيح\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٥١).\n(^٤) في م: \"يتقالها\".\n(^٥) في م: \"يقالها\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الشعب (٢٥٣١)، وفي الصغرى (١٠١٢) بالإسناد الثاني، ومالك ١/ ٢٠٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١١٨١، ١١٣٠٦)، والبخاري (٥٠١٣، ٧٣٧٤)، والنسائي (٩٩٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٦١) عن القعنبي يه.\n(^٧) البخاري (٥٠١٣، ٦٦٤٣، ٧٣٧٤).\n(^٨) البخاري (٥٠١٤، ٧٣٧٤). ينظر فتح الباري ٩/ ٦٠.","vol":"5","page":406},{"text":"٤٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ بَحرٍ البَرِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو مَعمَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ البَزّازُ (^١) في قَطِيعَةِ الرَّبيعِ (^٢)، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وهو ابنُ أبي صَعصَعَةَ الأنصارِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي قَتادَةُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قامَ في زَمَنِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَرأَ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ السّورَةَ كُلَّها (^٣) يُرَدِّدُها لا يَزيدُ عَلَيها، [قال: فلَمّا أصبَحنا قال رَجُلٌ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ رَجُلًا قامَ لَيلَةً يَقرأُ مِنَ السَّحَرِ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (١) اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ (٢) لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ (٣) وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ﴾ يُرَدِّدُها لا يَزيدُ عَلَيها] (^٤). قال: كأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَتَقالُّها (^٥). قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه إنَّها لَتَعدِلُ ثُلُثَ القُرآنِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"البزار\".\n(^٢) قطيعة الربيع: القطيعة محالٌّ ببغداد أي في أطرافها أقطعها المنصور أناسا من أعيان دولته، وقطيعة الربيع منسوبة إلى الربيع بن يونس حاجب المنصور ومولاه وهما قطيعتان، خارجة وداخلة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ١٤٢، والتاج ٢٢/ ٣٢ (ق ط ع).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٥) في م: \"يقالها\".\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٥٣٦) من طريق أبي معمر به.","vol":"5","page":407},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1027>بابُ الوِترِ برَكعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، ومَن أجازَ أن يُصَلِّيَ تَطَوُّعًا رَكعَةً واحِدَةً</span>\n\n٤٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ [في آخَرينَ قالوا] (^١): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ وعَبدِ الله بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا خَشِيَ أحَدُكُمُ الصُّبحَ صَلَّى رَكعَةً واحِدَةً توتِرُ له ما قَد صَلَّى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ (^٤) الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وأبو زكريا بن أبي إسحاق قالا\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"ح ر إجازة ضرب عليها في أصل المؤلف: وأبو زكريا ابن أبي إسحاق وغيره\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٥٢، ١٣٨٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٠، ومالك ١/ ١٢٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٣٢٦)، والنسائي (١٦٩٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٤٥)، والبخاري (٩٩٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب على الخطيب في أصل المؤلف\".","vol":"5","page":408},{"text":"رَجُلًا يَسأَلُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو على المِنبَرِ: كَيفَ يُصَلِّى أحَدُنا باللَّيلِ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا خَشِيتَ الصُّبحَ فأوتِرْ بواحِدَةٍ تُوتِرُ لَكَ ما مَضَى مِن صَلاتِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيهِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا عمرٌو، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عن صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: \"مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإذا خَشِيتَ الصُّبحَ فأوتِرْ برَكعَةٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: سأَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيفَ صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا خِفتَ الصُّبحَ فأوتِرْ بواحِدَةٍ\". وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يُسَلِّمُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ يوتِرُ بواحِدَةٍ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٦٣١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٤٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٦٧١) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (٦٣٥٥)، والنسائي (١٦٦٧) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"5","page":409},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^١).\n\n٤٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوِترُ رَكعَةٌ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الوِترِ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الوِترُ رَكعَةٌ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٤).\n\n٤٨٣٣ - وبِإِسنادِه عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن الوِترِ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"رَكعَةٌ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يحيى (^٥).\n\n٤٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٣٢٨) من طريق أبي معمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٥٢/ ١٥٣).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٠٣٨، ٢٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٣٦، ٣٤٠٨) من طريق همام به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٥٣/ ١٥٥).","vol":"5","page":410},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فسأَلَه عن الوِترِ وأَنا بَينَهُما، فقالَ: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى (^١)، فإِذا كان مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ فأوتِرْ برَكعَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ قبلَ الفَجرِ\". يُريدُ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، قال عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ: وقالَ لاحِقُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ مِثلَ هذا الحديث إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"بادِرِ الصُّبحَ برَكعَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُم، أنَّ رَجُلًا نادَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو في المَسجِدِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ أُوتِرُ صَلاةَ اللَّيلِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى فليُصَلِّ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِن خَشِيَ أن يُصبِحَ سَجَدَ سَجدَةً فأوتَرَتْ له ما صَلَّى\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) و(^٥) أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ (^٦)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"مثنى مثنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٣٢٢) عن محمد بن إسماعيل الأحمسي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٣٢٥) عن أحمد بن عبد الحميد الحارثي به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٥٦).\n(^٥) في م: \"قال\".\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"يسار\"، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥١١.","vol":"5","page":411},{"text":"حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ حُرَيثٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا رأيتَ أن الصُّبحَ يُدرِكُكَ فأوتِرْ بواحِدَةٍ\". قلتُ (^١) لابنِ عُمَرَ: ما \"مَثنَى مَثنَى؟ \" قال: تُسَلِّمُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بَشّارٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ آدَمَ: \"فأوتِرْ برَكعَةٍ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ لابنِ عُمَرَ: ما \"مَثنَى مَثنَى\"؟ فقالَ: السَّلامُ بَينَ كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، وقالَ في إسنادِه: عن شُعبَةَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ. وقالَ: يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى باللَّيلِ إحدَى عَشرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُوتِرُ مِنها بواحِدَةٍ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِنها اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٤٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ احمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فقيل\"، وهو كذلك في مسند أحمد.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٨٣) عن محمد بن جعفر به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٤٦٣٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٥٩).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٠)، وأبو داود (١٣٣٥)، والترمذي (٤٤٠، ٤٤١)، والنسائي (١٦٩٥). وسيأتي في (٤٩٤٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٣٦/ ١٢١).","vol":"5","page":412},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَهُم، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّي فيما بَينَ أن يَفرُغَ مِن صلاةِ العِشاءِ إلَى الفَجرِ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُسَلِّمُ مِن كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ، ويوتِرُ بواحِدَةٍ، ويَسجُدُ سَجدَةً قَدرَ ما يَقرأُ أحَدُكُم خَمسينَ آيَةً قَبلَ أن يَرفَعَ رأسَه، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ مِن صلاةِ الفَجرِ، وتبَيَّنَ له (^١) الفَجرُ قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ لِلإِقامَةِ، فيَخرُجُ مَعَه. قال: وبَعضهُم يَزيدُ على بَعضٍ في قِصَّةِ الحَديثِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ حَيّانَ العِجلِيُّ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ وائلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوِترُ حَقٌّ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بخَمسٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بثَلاثٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٦٣٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٣٦/ ١٢٢).","vol":"5","page":413},{"text":"بواحِدَةٍ فليَفعَلْ\" (^١).\n\n٤٨٤٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وإِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الوِترَ حَقٌّ، فمَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بخَمسٍ، ومَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بثَلاثٍ، ومَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بواحِدَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٨٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوتِرْ بخَمسٍ، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ فبِثَلاثٍ، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ فبِواحِدَةٍ، فإن لَم تَستَطِعْ فأومئْ إيماءً\" (^٣).\n\n٤٨٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي حَفصَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوِترُ حَقٌّ، فمَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بسَبعٍ، ومَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بثَلاثٍ، ومَن شاءَ أوتَرَ بواحدَةٍ، ومَن غُلِبَ فليومئْ إيماءً\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٣، وأبو داود (١٤٢٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧١٠) عن العباس بن الوليد به. وابن ماجه (١١٩٠) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٤٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٦٥ من طريق هشام به.","vol":"5","page":414},{"text":"اتَّفَقَ هَؤُلاءِ على رَفعِ هذا الحديثِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وتابَعَهُم على ذَلِكَ مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ مِن رِوايَةِ وُهَيبٍ عَنه:\n\n٤٨٤٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ (^١) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بَنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ، [عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -] (^٢) قال: \"الوِترُ حَقٌّ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بخَمسٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بثَلاثٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بواحِدَةٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ فليومِئْ إيماءً\" (^٣).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وعَبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ مَوقوفًا على أبي أيّوبَ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مَوقوفًا على أبي أيّوبَ (^٥).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرُويه قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يقولُ: هذا الحَديثُ برِوايَةِ يونُسَ والزُّبَيدِيِّ وابنِ عُيَينَةَ وشُعَيبٍ وابنِ إسحاقَ وعَبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ أشبَهُ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"الحسن\". وتقدم مرارًا.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩٣. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩١ من طريق وهيب به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣، والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٣ من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٤٦٣٣) عن معمر به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٦/ ٩٩.\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (٤٨٥٨).","vol":"5","page":415},{"text":"أن يَكونَ غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ، وإِنَّه لَيَتَخالَجُ في النَّفسِ مِن رِوايَةِ الباقينَ مَعَ رِوايَةِ وُهَيبٍ عن مَعمَرٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوّينا عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - التَّطَوُّعَ أوِ الوِترَ برَكعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ مَفصولَةٍ عَمّا قَبلَها؛ مِنهُم عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّابَ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويهِ (^١)، حَدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا قابوسُ بنُ أبي ظَبيانَ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه قال: مَرَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في مَسجِدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فرَكَعَ رَكعَةً واحِدَةً، ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ، فلَحِقَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ما رَكَعتَ إلَّا رَكعَةً واحِدَةً؟ قال: هو التَّطَوُّعُ، فمَن شاءَ زادَ، ومَن شاءَ نَقَصَ (^٢).\nرَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن بَعضِ أصحابِه عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ عن قابوسَ (^٣).\nومِنهُم عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"خميرو\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٠٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥١٣٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٠١) من طريق قابوس به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٥٨: قابوس لين، وأبوه لم يسمع من عمر.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٣٢١، ٣٢٢.","vol":"5","page":416},{"text":"عثمانَ قال: قُمتُ خَلفَ المَقامِ وأَنا أُريدُ ألا يَغلِبَنِي عَلَيه (^١) أحَدٌ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ، فإِذا رَجُلٌ يَغمِزُنِي، فلَم ألتَفِتْ، ثُمَّ غَمَزَنِي فالتَفَتُّ، فإِذا عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، فتَنَحَّيتُ فتَقَدَّمَ فقرَأَ القُرآنَ في رَكعَةٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عثمانَ قال: قُلتُ: لأغلِبَنَّ على المَقامِ اللَّيلَةَ. فسَبَقتُ إلَيه، فبَينا أنا قائمٌ أُصَلِّي إذا رَجُلٌ وضَعَ يَدَه على ظَهرِي. قال: فنَظَرتُ فإِذا عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - وهو يَومَئذٍ أميرٌ، فتَنَحَّيتُ عنه، فقامَ فافتَتَحَ القُرآنَ حَتَّى فرَغَ مِنه، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وجَلَسَ وتَشَهَّدَ وسَلَّمَ في رَكعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيها، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّما صَلَّيتَ رَكعَةً؟ قال: هِيَ وِترِى (^٣).\nومِنهُم سَعدُ بنُ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ كَوثَرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَمِّه مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: قيلَ لِسَعدٍ: إنَّكَ توتِرُ برَكعَةٍ؟ قال: نَعَم، سَبعٌ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن خَمسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٨٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧١٧، ٨٦٦٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩٤، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٤ من طريق فليح به.","vol":"5","page":417},{"text":"وخَمسٌ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن ثَلاثٍ، وثُلاثٌ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن واحِدَةٍ، ولَكِن أُخَفِّفُ عن نَفسِي (^١).\n\n٤٨٤٨ - وأخبرَنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا بشرٌ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خُصَيفَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: رأَيتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - صَلَّى (^٢) العِشاءَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بَعدَها رَكعَةً (^٣).\n\n٤٨٤٩ - وأخبرَنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا بشرٌ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِيُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ العُذرِيِّ، وكانَ من أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قَد مَسَحَ على وجهِه (^٤) قال: رأَيتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - إذا صَلَّى العِشاءَ أوتَرَ برَكعَةٍ. زادَ فيه غَيرُه عن يونُسَ: حَتَّى يَقومَ مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ عن يونُسَ (^٦). وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٧).\nومِنهُم تَميمٌ الدّارِيُّ - ﵁ -:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٤٧) عن سفيان بن عينة به، وعنده أن مصعب بن سعد هو الذي سأل سعدًا.\n(^٢) في م: \"يصلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٤٦) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"في أصل المصنف بخطه: وكان النبي مسح على وجهه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٦٥) عن عبد الله بن الحارث به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٣٠٠).\n(^٧) البخاري (٦٣٥٦).","vol":"5","page":418},{"text":"٤٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِيِّ أنَّه قرأَ القُرآنَ في رَكعَةٍ (^١).\nومِنهُم أبو موسَى الأشعَرِيُّ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، أنَّ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِيَّ كان بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ فصَلَّى العِشاءَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَةً أوتَرَ بها، فقَرأَ بمائَةِ آيَةٍ مِنِ \"النِّساءِ\"، ثُمَّ قال: ما ألَوتُ أن أضَعَ قَدَمَيَّ حَيثُ وضَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدَمَيه، وأَن أقرأَ بما قرأَ بهِ (^٢).\nومِنهُم عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢١٨٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٠٨) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧٢٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وأحمد (١٩٧٦٠) من طريق عاصم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٦٣١).","vol":"5","page":419},{"text":"حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يُسَلِّمُ من (^١) الرَّكعَةِ والرَّكعَتَينِ في الوِترِ حَتَّى يأمُرَ ببَعضِ حاجَتِه (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: مِنَ الوِترِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّنّيسِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي المُطَّلِبُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَخزومِيُّ قال: أتَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: كَيفَ أُوتِرُ؟ قال: أَوتِرْ بواحِدَةٍ. قال: إنِّي أخشَى أن يَقولَ النّاسُ: إنَّها البُتَيراءُ (^٤). قال: قال: أسُنَّةَ اللهِ ورسولِه تُريدُ؟ هذه سُنَّةُ اللهِ ورسولِهِ (^٥).\n\n٤٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الصَّغَانِيُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي مَنصورٍ مَولَى سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ قال: سأَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بين\". اهـ. وهو الموافق لمصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٨٦)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٠، ومالك ١/ ١٢٥، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٩١).\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"البتيرة\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٨٧). واخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٥٩: أحمد بن عيسى التنيسي الخشاف تالف.","vol":"5","page":420},{"text":"عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن وِترِ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ: يا بُنَيَّ هَل تَعرِفُ وِترَ النَّهارِ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم، المَغرِبُ. قال: صَدَقتَ، وِترُ اللَّيلِ واحِدَةٌ، بذَلِكَ أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ إنَّ النّاسَ يَقولونَ: إنَّ تِلكَ البُتَيراءُ. قال: يا بُنَيَّ لَيسَ تِلكَ البُتَيراءَ، إنَّما البُتَيراءُ أن يُصلِّيَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّكعَةَ التّامَّةَ في رُكوعِها وسُجودِها وقيامِها، ثُمَّ يَقومَ في الأُخرَى ولا يُتِمَّ لَها رُكوعًا ولا سُجودًا ولا قيامًا، فتِلكَ البُتَيراءُ (^١).\nومِنهُم عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵄ -:\n\n٤٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ وسُئلَ عن الوِترِ فقالَ: أخبرَنِي مَرحومُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ العَطّارُ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عِسْلُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ إلَى جَنبِ ابنِ عباسٍ العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: ألا أُعَلِّمُكَ الوِترَ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. فقامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَةً (^٢).\n\n٤٨٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي يَزيدَ، أخبرَنِي كُرَيبٌ قال: رأَيتُ مُعاويَةَ صَلَّى العِشاءَ ثُمَّ أوتَرَ برَكعَةٍ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لابنِ عباسٍ، فقالَ: أصابَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٤١٠) عن مرحوم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٥٢) عن سفيان به، وسقط منه ذكر كريب.","vol":"5","page":421},{"text":"٤٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عُتبَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ أنَّ كُرَيبًا مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه رأَى مُعاويَةَ صَلَّى العِشاءَ ثُمَّ أوتَرَ برَكعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيها، فأَخبَرَ ابنَ عباسٍ، فقالَ: أصابَ أيْ بُنَيَّ، لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِنّا أعلَمَ مِن مُعاويَةَ، هِيَ واحِدَةٌ أو خَمسٌ أو سَبعٌ إلَى أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ، الوِترُ ما شاءَ (^١).\nومِنهُم أبو أيّوبَ خالِدُ بنُ زَيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيُّ ثُمَّ الجُندَعِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا أيّوبَ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: الوِترُ حَقٌّ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يوتِرَ بخَمسٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بثَلاثٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُوتِرَ بواحِدَةٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ إلَّا أن يومِئَ برأسِه فليَفعَلْ (^٢).\nومِنهُم مُعاذُ بنُ الحارِثِ أبو حَليمَةَ القارِئُ - ﵁ -، شَهِدَ الجِسرَ مَعَ أبي عُبَيدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ (^٣) في خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وقَد قيلَ: له صُحبَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٩٢)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٣٦٦ (٥٤٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٤١) عن ابن جريج به. ووقع عنده: عكرمة بدل كريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧١١، ١٧١٢) من طريق الزهري. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٦١٥).\n(^٣) هو أبو عبيد بن مسعود بن عمرو الثقفي، والد المختار بن أبي عبيد، وكان تأمير أبي عبيد سنة ثلاث عشرة، فعبر الفرات إلى مهران قائد الفرس، فقطعوا الجسر خلفه، فقتل أبو عبيد وقتل أصحابه، =","vol":"5","page":422},{"text":"٤٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُصلِّي باللَّيلِ ما قُدِّرَ له سَجدَتَينِ سَجدَتَينِ، فإِن خَشِيَ الصُّبحَ صَلَّى واحِدَةً فجَعَلَها آخِرَ صَلاتِه، ونَزَلَ وسَلَّمَ في السَّجدَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ في أثَرِهِما الوِترُ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فصلَّى الوِترَ. وقالَ: قال نافِعٌ: سَمِعتُ مُعاذًا القارِئَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nتابَعَه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ وأَيّوبُ بنُ موسَى عن نافِعٍ عَنهُما جَميعًا (^٢).\nومِنهُم مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبي سُفيانَ - ﵁ -:\n\n٤٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ سَلْمٍ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: أوتَرَ مُعاويَةُ بَعدَ العِشاءِ برَكعَةٍ وعِندَه مَولًى لابنِ عباسٍ، فأَتَى ابنَ عباسٍ فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ فقالَ: دَعْه فإِنَّه قَد صَحِبَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n= يقال: إن الفيل برك على أبي عبيد فمات تحته. ينظر فتوح البلدان للبلاذري ص ٣٠٨، والإصابة ١٢/ ٤٣٦، ٤٣٧.\n(^١) أثر ابن عمر تقدم بنحوه (٤٨٥٢). وأثر معاذ القارئ أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨٧٦) من طريق نافع وسعيد. قالا: رأينا معاذا. . .\n(^٢) ذكر المصنف رواية إسماعيل بن أمية في المعرفة ٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أخي ميمى في فوائده ١/ ٢٠، والطبراني (١١٢٤٧)، والآجري في الشريعة (١٩٤٢)، وأبو الفضل الزهري في حديث الزهري (٣٦٧) من طريق عثمان بن الأسود.","vol":"5","page":423},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ بشرٍ (^١).\n\n٤٨٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ [عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ] (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الحَلَبِيُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الإمامُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٌ الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: قيلَ لابنِ عباسٍ: هَل لَكَ في مُعاويَةَ؟ ما أوتَرَ إلا برَكعَةٍ! قال: أصابَ، إنَّه فقيهٌ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ عن نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ الجُمَحِيِّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1028>بابُ مَن أوتَرَ بخَمسٍ أو بثَلاثٍ لا يَجلِسُ ولا يُسَلِّمُ إلا في الآخِرَةِ مِنهُنَّ</span>\n\n٤٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كانَت صَلاتُه مِنَ اللَّيلِ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُوتِرُ بخَمسٍ، ولا يُسَلِّمُ في شَئٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٧٦٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"عبدان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٥١، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٤ من طريق نافع بن عمر.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٧٦٥).","vol":"5","page":424},{"text":"الخَمسِ حَتَّى يَجلِسَ في الآخِرَةِ (^١) يُسَلِّمُ (^٢) (^٣).\n\n٤٨٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ وعَبدَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُوتِرُ مِنها بخَمسٍ، ولا يَجلِسُ في شَئٍ مِنها حَتَّى يَجلِسَ في آخِرِهِنَّ فيُسَلِّمَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَي، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى بكرٍ: كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - باللَّيلِ (^٤) ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يوتِرُ مَن ذَلِكَ بخَمسٍ لا يَجلِسُ في شَئٍ مِنها إلَّا في آخِرِها (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٤٨٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ (^٧)، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ثم\".\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"وسلم\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣٩، ٢٤٣٥٧)، ومسلم (٧٣٧/. . .)، وأبو داود (١٣٣٨)، والنسائي (١٧١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٦، ١٠٧٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"في الليل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٣٦)، والترمذي (٤٥٩) من طريق ابن نمير به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢١)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥٩) من طريق عبدة بن سليمان به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٧٣٧/ ١٢٣).\n(^٧) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"البزار\".","vol":"5","page":425},{"text":"حدثنا عَفَّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، أنَّ عائشةَ حَدَّثَته، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَرقُدُ، فإِذا استَيقَظَ تَسوَّكَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأ، ثُمَّ صلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، يَجلِسُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ ويُسَلِّمُ، ثُمَّ يوتِرُ بخَمسِ رَكَعاتٍ؛ لا يَجلِسُ إلَّا في الخامِسَةِ، ولا يُسَلِّمُ إلَّا في الخامِسَةِ (^١).\nوهَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن هِشامٍ. وتابَعَه على هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن عُروةَ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ، مَثنَى مَثنَى:\n\n٤٨٦٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً برَكعَتَيه قَبلَ الصُّبحِ، يُصَلِّى سِتًّا مَثنَى مَثنَى، ويُوتِرُ بخَمسٍ لا يَقعُدُ بَينَهُنَّ إلا في آخِرِهِنَّ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ لا يَقعُدُ إلَّا في آخِرِهِنَّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٢١) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٥٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢١١).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٤.","vol":"5","page":426},{"text":"كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ. وقَد رُوّينا في حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ وِترَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بتِسعٍ ثُمَّ بسَبعٍ (^١)، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٨٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سلمةَ المُرادِىُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَيسٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: بكَم كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ؟ قالَت: كان يوتِرُ بأَربَعٍ وثَلاثٍ، وسِتٍّ وثَلاثٍ، وثَمانٍ وثَلاثٍ، وعَشْرٍ وثَلاثٍ، ولم يكنْ يُوتِرُ بأَنقَصَ مِن سَبعٍ، ولا بأَكثَرَ مِن ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ. زادَ أحمدُ: ولَم يَكُنْ يوتِرُ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢) قَبلَ الفَجرِ. قُلتُ: ما يُوتِرُ؟ قالَت: لَمْ يكنْ يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ أحمدُ: وسِتٍّ وثَلاثٍ (^٣).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به ثَلاثًا لا يَفصِلُ بَينَهُنَّ بجُلوسٍ ولا تَسليمٍ، فيَكونَ في مَعنَى رِوايَةِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ في الوِترِ بخَمسِ رَكَعاتٍ:\n\n٤٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بتُّ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٤٨٧٣، ٤٨٧٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"بركعتين\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٥٩) من طريق معاوية به. صححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٢١٤).","vol":"5","page":427},{"text":"في بَيتِ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ، فصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ، ثم جاءَ فصَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ نامَ ثُمَّ قامَ. قال: فجِئتُ فقُمتُ عن يَسارِه فحَوَّلَنِي عن يَمينِه، فصَلَّى خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ نَامَ حَتَّى سَمِعتُ غَطيطَه - أو قال: خَطيطَه - ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنى ابنَ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ سُهَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ العباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطلِبِ بَعَثَه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حاجَةٍ، وكانَت لَيلَةُ مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ خالَةِ ابنِ عباسٍ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها فوَجَدَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فاضطَجَعتُ في حُجرَتِه، فجَعَلتُ (^٣) في نَفسِى أن أُحصِىَ كَم يُصَلِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فجاءَ وأَنا مُضطَجِعٌ في الحُجرَةِ بَعدَ أن ذَهَبَ (^٤) اللَّيلُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"أرَقَدَ أَوْ بعدُ؟ \". قال: ثُمَّ تَناوَلَ مِلحَفَةً على مَيمونَةَ، فارتَدَى ببَعضِها وعَلَيها بَعضُها، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، حَتَّى صَلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ أوتَرَ بخَمسٍ لَم يَجلِسْ بَينَهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ فأَثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه، فأَكثَرَ مِنَ الثَّناءِ، ثُمَّ كان آخِرُ كَلامِه أن قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْ لي نورًا في قَلبِي، واجعَلْ لِي نورًا في سَمعِي، واجعَلْ لِي نورًا في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٥٦٧). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦١: هذا ليس بصريح.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٧).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وجعلت\". اهـ. وهى كذلك عند النسائي.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"ثلث\".","vol":"5","page":428},{"text":"بَصَرِي، واجعَلْ لِي نورًا عن يَمينِي، ونورًا عن شِمالِي، واجعَلْ لِي نورًا بَينَ يَدَىَّ، ونورًا خَلفِي، وزِدْنِي نورًا، [وزِدْنِي نورًا] (^١) \" (^٢).\n\n٤٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عُروةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّ زَيدًا كان يوتِرُ بخَمسٍ، لا يُسَلِّمُ إلَّا في الخامِسَةِ. وكانَ أُبَيٌّ يَفعَلُه (^٣). كَذا وجَدتُه في الكِتابِ (^٤) \"أُبَيٌّ\" مُقَيَّدًا.\n\n٤٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ صالِحٍ السَّمَرقَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ قال: قيلَ لِلحَسَنِ: إنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يُسَلِّمُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ مِنَ الوِترِ. فقالَ: كان عُمَرُ أفقَهَ مِنه، كان يَنهَضُ في الثَّالِثَةِ بالتَّكبيرِ (^٥).\n\n٤٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٦، ١٣٤٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وأحمد (٣٣٠١) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢١٠).\n(^٣) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٥٥. وينظر فتح الباري لابن رجب ٦/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"كتاب\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٤.","vol":"5","page":429},{"text":"حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه كان يوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ لا يَجلِسُ فيهِنَّ، ولا يَتَشَهَّدُ إلَّا في آخِرِهِنَّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1029>بابُ مَن أوتَرَ بتِسعٍ أو بسَبعٍ يَجلِسُ في الآخرَتَينِ (^٢) مِنهُنَّ ويُسَلِّمُ في آخِرِهِنَّ</span>\n\n٤٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، [أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ] (^٣)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامِ [في حديثٍ ذكَره عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في قيامِ الليلِ، فذكَر الحديثَ إلى أن قال] (^٤): فهَمَمتُ أن أقومَ، ثُمَّ بَدا لِي وِترُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ أنبِئينِى عن وِترِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالَت: كُنّا نُعِدُّ له سِواكَه وطَهورَه، فيَبعَثُه اللَّهُ بما (^٥) شاءَ أن يَبعَثَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فيَتَسَوَّكُ، ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ لا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"الأخريين\".\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٤) هنا اضطراب في المطبوعة.\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٢/ ٩٦٢، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وتقدمت في (١٦٨، ٤٧٠٠) \"ما\".","vol":"5","page":430},{"text":"يَجلِسُ فيهِنَّ إلَّا عِندَ الثّامِنَةِ، فيَجلِسُ ويَذكُرُ رَبَّه ﷿ ويَدعو ويَستَغفِرُ، ثُمَّ يَنهَضُ ولا يُسَلِّمُ (^١)، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى التّاسِعَةَ فيَقعُدُ فيَحمَدُ رَبَّه ويَذكُرُه ويَدعو، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمًا يُسمِعُنا، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ بَعدَ ما يُسَلِّمُ، فتِلكَ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً يا بُنَيَّ، فلَمّا أسَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَخَذَ اللَّحمَ أوتَرَ بسَبعٍ، ثُمَّ صلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ بَعدَ ما يُسَلِّمُ، فتِلكَ تِسعٌ يا بُنَيَّ، وكانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا صلَّى صَلاةً أحَبَّ أن يُدَاوِمَ (^٢) عَلَيها، وكانَ إذا شَغَلَه عن قيامِ اللَّيلِ نَومٌ أو وجَعٌ أو مَرَضٌ صلَّى مِنَ النَّهارِ ثِنتَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، ولا أعلَمُ نَبِيَّ الله - ﷺ - قرأَ القُرآنَ كُلَّه في لَيلَةٍ، ولا قامَ لَيلَةً حَتَّى أصبَحَ، وما صامَ شَهرًا كامِلًا غَيرَ رَمَضانَ. فأَتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فحَدَّثْتُه بحَديثِها فقالَ: صَدَقَتْ، أما لَو كُنتُ أدخُلُ عَلَيها لأتَيتُها حَتَّى تُشافِهَنِي مُشافَهَةً (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن ابنِ أبي عدِىٍّ عن سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"ثم سلم\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"يدوم\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يداوم\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (١٣٩٩)، وأحمد (٢٤٢٦٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٣٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٨، ١١٢٧، ١١٧٠) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأبو داود (١٣٤٣)، والنسائي (١٣١٤، ١٦٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٨، ١١٢٧، ١١٧٧)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٤٤١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. ولفظ ابن حبان كاللفظ الآتى. وتقدم في (١٦٨، ٤٧٠٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٦/ ١٣٩).","vol":"5","page":431},{"text":"العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَي، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه، قالَت عائشَةُ: فلَمَّا أسَنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وحَمَلَ اللَّحمَ صَلَّى سَبعَ رَكَعاتٍ لا يَجلِسُ إلَّا في السَّادِسَةِ، فيَحمَدُ اللَّهَ ويَدعو رَبَّه، ثُمَّ يَقومُ ولا يُسَلِّمُ، ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ في السَّابِعَةِ، فيَحمَدُ اللهَ ويَدعو رَبَّه، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمَةً يُسمِعُنا، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، فتِلكَ تِسعٌ يا بُنَيَّ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1030>بابُ مَن أوتَرَ بثَلاثٍ مَوصولاتٍ بتَشَهُّدَينِ وتَسليمٍ </span>(^٣)\n\n٤٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: الوِترُ ثَلاثٌ كَوِترِ النَّهارِ؛ المَغرِبِ (^٤). هذا صَحيحٌ من حديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. وقَد رَفَعَه يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٠٤). وأخرجه النسائي (١٧١٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٧٨، ١١٢٧، ١١٧٠) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٦) عقب (١٣٩).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"تسليمة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٠٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨٨٢)، والطبراني (٩٤٢٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"5","page":432},{"text":"ابنُ زَكَريَّا بنِ أبي الحَواجِبِ الكوفِيُّ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^١)، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، ورِوايَتُه تُخالِفُ رِوايَةَ الجَماعَةِ عن الأَعْمَشِ.\n\n٤٨٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: الوِترُ سَبعٌ أو خَمسٌ، ولا أقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثٍ (^٣).\nوقيلَ: عن الأعمَش عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ (^٤). وَهو مُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ.\n\n٤٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يُسَلِّمُ في رَكعَتَىِ الوِترِ (^٥).\nكَذا رَواه عبدُ الوَهّابِ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٦). وقالَ أبانٌ عن قَتادَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧ من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) هو يحيى بن زكريا بن أبي الحواجب الكوفي، ويقال: زكريا بن يحيى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٣٣٦، ٧/ ٦٠٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٩٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٧٦، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٦٣٤، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٦٨٥، ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٣) ينظر الصغرى للمصنف (٨٠٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٨٨٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٠٠). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٤ من طريق يحيى بن أبي طالب به، وقال: على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٦) في م: \"عروة\".","vol":"5","page":433},{"text":"يُوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ لا يَقعُدُ إلَّا في آخِرِهِنَّ (^١). ورَواه الجَماعَةُ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، وهَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى عن قَتادَةَ (^٢)، كما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه في وِترِه بتِسعٍ ثُمَّ بسَبعٍ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى (^٣)، و(^٤) رِوايَةُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ [يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ] (^٥) اختِصارًا مِنَ الحديث. ورِوايَةُ أبانٍ خَطأٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد ورَدَ الخَبَرُ بالنَّهىِ عن الوِترِ بثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ مُشَبَّهَةٍ بصَلاةِ المَغرِبِ:\n\n٤٨٧٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ (^٦) بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرَّازِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن الأعرَجِ وأَبِى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُوتِروا بثَلاثٍ تُشَبِّهوه بصَلاةِ المَغرِبِ، أوتِروا بسَبعٍ أو بخَمسٍ\" (^٧).\n\n٤٨٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٨٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٣٦)، وأبو داود (١٣٤٢) من طريق همام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١١٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٨٨)، وأبو داود (١٣٤٩) من طريق بهز بن حكيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٠٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"وفى\".\n(^٥) في ص ٢: \"تشبه أن تكون\".\n(^٦) في ص ٢: \"أبو الحسين\".\n(^٧) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤، والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٤، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٤٠٣) من طريق أحمد بن صالح به. وابن حبان (٢٤٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦٣: إسناده قوى.","vol":"5","page":434},{"text":"عبدانَ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حَدثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^١) طاهِرُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقِ بنِ قُرَّةَ بنِ نَهيكِ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ الهِلالِيُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا أبي، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُوتِروا بثَلاثٍ تُشَبِّهوا بالمَغرِبِ، ولَكِن أوتِروا بخَمسٍ أو بسَبعٍ أو بتِسعٍ أو بإِحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، أو أكَثَر مِن ذَلِكَ\" (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ كما:\n\n٤٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لا تُوتِروا بثَلاثٍ. قال. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1031>بابٌ في الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الوِترِ</span>\n\n٤٨٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بشرٍ الحَريرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ، أنَّه سأَلَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فقالَت: كان يُصلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الحسين\". وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٢/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩٢ من طريق جعفر بن ربيعة به.","vol":"5","page":435},{"text":"رَكعَةً، يُصَلِّى تِسعَ رَكَعاتٍ قائمًا يوتِرُ فيهِنَّ (^١)، ويُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ جالِسًا، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَسجُدَ (^٢) قامَ فرَكَعَ وسَجَدَ، يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ بَعدَ الوِترِ، ويُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ إذا سَمِعَ النِّداءَ بالصُّبحِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بشرٍ الحَريرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ وشَيبانَ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٤٨٨٢ - ورَواه الأوزاعِيُّ عن يَحيَى، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الوِترِ قرأَ فيهِما وهو جالِسٌ، فلَمَّا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ قامَ فرَكَعَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِي أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي (^٥) يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n\n٤٨٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يوتِرُ بتِسعٍ. أو كما قال، ويُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، ورَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ بَينَ الأذانِ والإِقامَةِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"منهن\".\n(^٢) في ص ٢: \"يركع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٧٥٥) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٦،. . .).\n(^٥) في م: \"عن\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"ح: عن\".\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣)، وابن ماجه (١١٩٦) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٧) أبو داود (١٣٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٧٥) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الألباني في صحيح =","vol":"5","page":436},{"text":"٤٨٨٤ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقَّاصٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُوتِرُ بتِسعِ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ أوتَرَ بسَبعِ رَكَعاتٍ، ورَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ بَعدَ الوِترِ يَقرأُ فيهِما، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَركَعَ قامَ فرَكَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: رَوَى الحديثَينِ خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو مِثلَه. قالَ فيه: قال عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وقّاصٍ: يا أُمَّه كَيفَ كان يُصَلِّى الرَّكعَتَينِ؟ فذَكَرَ مَعناهُما. حَدَّثَناه وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ عن خالِدٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوّينا هاتَينِ الرَّكعَتَينِ في حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). [وفِي رِوايَةِ الحَسَنِ عن سَعدٍ: يَقرأُ فيهِما ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ و﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ (^٥)] (^٤).\n\n٤٨٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ الغَضائرِيُّ ببابِ الشّامِ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا مَيمونُ بنُ موسَى\n_________\n= أبي داود (١٢٠١): حسن صحيح.\n(^١) أبو داود (١٣٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٠٢)، ومسلم (٧٣١/ ١١٤) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٥٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٨، ٤٧٠٠، ٤٨٧٣، ٤٨٧٤).\n(^٤) أشار إلى إلغائها في: \"الأصل\"، وكتب في حاشيتها: \"رواه الفارسي\".\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه عقب (٤٨٨٥).","vol":"5","page":437},{"text":"المَرَئيُّ (^١)، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الوِترِ رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ (^٢). مَيمونٌ هذا بَصرِىٌّ، لا بأسَ به إلَّا أنَّه كان يُدَلِّسُ (^٣). قالَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٤) وغَيرُه واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِىَ عن زَكَريَّا بنِ حَكيمٍ عن الحَسَنِ (^٥)، وخالَفَهُما هِشامٌ فرَواه عن الحَسَنِ عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن عائشَةَ (^٦). قال البخاريُّ: وهَذا أصَحُّ (^٧).\n\n٤٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أبي، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أبي غالِبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الوِترِ وهو جالِسٌ، يَقرأُ فيهِما ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، م: \"المرائى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٥٣)، والترمذي (٤٧١)، وابن ماجه (١١٩٥) من طريق حماد بن مسعدة به.\n(^٣) هو ميمون بن موسى المَرَئى البصري، من امرئ القيس بن مضر. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٧/ ٣٤١، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٣٦، والثقات لابن حبان ٩/ ١٧٣، ٣/ ٥٣، والمجروحين ٣/ ٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٢٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٩٢: صدوق مدلس.\n(^٤) العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٥٢٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢٢ من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٨٦)، وأبو داود (١٣٥٢)، والنسائي (١٦٥٠) من طريق هشام به، وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١٠٤) من طريق أبى حرة عن الحسن به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٠٤).\n(^٧) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢٢.","vol":"5","page":438},{"text":"الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ (^١).\n\n٤٨٨٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الوِترِ الرَّكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى بأُمِّ القُرآنِ و﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ وفِي الثّانيَةِ ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ (^٣).\nأبو غالِبٍ وعُتبَةُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ غَيرُ قَويَّينِ (^٤).\nورَواه عُمارَةُ بنُ زاذانَ عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ في الوِترِ بتِسعٍ ثُمَّ بسَبعٍ: وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ. غَيرَ أنَّه قال: وقَرأَ فيهِنَّ بـ \"الرَّحمَنِ\" و\"الواقِعَةِ\". قال أنَسٌ: ونَحنُ نَقرأُ بالسُّوَرِ القِصارِ ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٤٦) عن عبد الصمد بن عبد الوارث به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٤١: رواه أحمد والطبراني في الكبير. . . ورجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٧٢٤٦)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٤١ من طريق بقية به.\n(^٤) أبو غالب البصري، ويقال: الأصبهاني، صاحب أبى أمامة، اختلف في اسمه. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٣٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ١/ ١١٤، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ١٧٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٢٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٦٠: صدوق يخطئ.\nوعتبة بن أبي حكيم هو الهمداني الشعبانى أبو العباس الشامى الأردنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٢٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٧٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٦٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٣٠٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٥/ ٣٧. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤: صدوق يخطئ كثيرًا.","vol":"5","page":439},{"text":"ونَحوِهِما:\n\n٤٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في \"التّاريخِ\"، أخبرَنِي أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الكَرابيسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ [شادِلِ بنِ] (^١) عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ بَزيعٍ جارُنا، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ زاذانَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ بتِسعِ رَكَعاتٍ، فلَمَّا أسَنَّ وثَقُلَ أوتَرَ بسَبعٍ، وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، فقَرأَ فيهِما \"الرَّحمَنَ\" و\"الواقِعَةَ\". قال أنَسٌ: ونَحنُ نَقرأُ بالسُّوَرِ القِصارِ ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ ونَحوِهِما. وقالَ مَرَّةً: يَقرأُ فيهِنَّ (^٢).\nخالَفَ عُمارَةُ بنُ زاذانَ في قِراءَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيهِما سائرَ الرُّواةِ.\n\n٤٨٨٩ - ورَواه مَرَّةً أُخرَى عن أبي غالِبٍ عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يوتِرُ بسَبعٍ حَتَّى إذا بَدنَ (^٣) وكَثُرَ لَحمُه أوتَرَ بثَلاثٍ وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ وهو جالِسٌ، يَقرأُ فيهِما: ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ بنُ زاذانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو غالِبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"سادل بن\"، وفى ص ٢، م: \"شاذان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٢٦٣، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٧٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٧٩، ١١٠٥) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٣) ينظر التعليق على هذه اللفظة في الحديث (٢٦٣٤).\n(^٤) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٣٥.","vol":"5","page":440},{"text":"وكانَ البخاريُّ (^١) ﵀ يقولُ: عُمارَةُ بنُ زاذانَ رُبَّما يَضطَرِبُ في حَديثِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٩٠ - وأخبرَنا (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فقالَ: \"إن (^٤) هذا السَّفَرَ جَهدٌ وثِقَلٌ، فإذا أوتَرَ أحَدُكُم فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ، فإِنِ استَيقَظَ وإِلا كانَتا له\" (^٥).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ رَحِمَه اللَّه تَعالَى: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادَ به رَكعَتانِ بَعدَ الوِترِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ: فإِذا أرادَ أن يوتِرَ فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ الوِترِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٠٥.\n(^٢) هو عمارة بن زاذان الصيدلانى أبو سلمة البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٦٥، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢٦٣، والكامل ٥/ ١٧٣٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٤٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٥/ ٢١٢، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٣١٥. قال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦٥: ضعفه الدارقطني وغيره. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٩: صدوق كثير الخطأ.\n(^٣) جاء هذا الحديث في المطبوعة قبل الحديثين السابقين.\n(^٤) في م: \"في\".\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٤١٩٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٤١، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٦، والطبراني (١٤١٠) من طريق محمد الله بن صالح به. والدارمى (١٦٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠٦) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٤٦: رواه الطبراني في الكبير والأوسط وفيه عبد الله بن صالح كاتب الليث وفيه كلام. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٢٣: صدوق كثير الغلط، ثبت في كتابه.\n(^٦) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦٥: كقوله: ﴿فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ﴾.","vol":"5","page":441},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1032>بابُ مَن قال: يَجعَلُ آخِرَ صَلاتِه وِترًا، وإِنَّ الرَّكْعَتَينِ بَعدَها تُرِكَتا</span>\n\n٤٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن (^١) عُبَيدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"اجعَلوا آخِرَ صَلاتِكُم باللَّيلِ وِترًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا حَجَّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: مَن صلَّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ فليَجعَلْ آخِرَ صَلاتِه وِترًا قَبلَ الصُّبحِ، كَذَلِكَ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُهُم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"ثنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧١٠)، وأبو داود (١٤٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وينظر المعرفة للمصنف (١٤٠٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٩٨)، ومسلم (٧٥١/ ١٥١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٧٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"5","page":442},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n٤٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ وبُدَيلُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وأَنا بَينَه وبَينَ السَّائلِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيفَ صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ؟ قال: \"مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِذا خَشيتَ الصُّبحَ فصَلِّ رَكعَةً، واجعَلْ آخِرَ صَلاتِكَ وِترًا\". ثُمَّ سأَلَه رَجُلٌ على رأسِ الحَولِ وأَنا بذَلِكَ المَكانِ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلا أدرِى هو ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ أو رَجُلٌ آخَرُ. فقالَ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عَمَّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ حَتَّى يَكونَ آخِرَ صَلاتِه الوِترُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٥١/ ١٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٩/ ١٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٥٨) عن يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٠/ ١٣٠).","vol":"5","page":443},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيِّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّه دَخَلَ على عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فسأَلَها عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - باللَّيلِ، فقالَت: كان يُصَلِّى ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً مِنَ اللَّيلِ، ثُمَّ إنَّه صَلَّى إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً وتَرَكَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قُبِضَ حينَ قُبِضَ وهو يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ تِسعَ رَكَعاتٍ، آخِرُ صلاتِه مِنَ اللَّيلِ (^١) الوِترُ (^٢).\nوخالَفَه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ عن مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ هِشامٍ فقالَ: عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مَسروقٍ (^٣). ورِوايَةُ أبي داودَ أصَحُّ، بدَليلِ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن رِوايَةِ عَمَّارِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1033>بابٌ: مِن كُلِّ اللَّيلِ أوتَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n٤٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي يَعفورٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ صُبَيحٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: مِن كُلِّ اللَّيلِ قَد أوتَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فانتَهَى وِترُه إلَى السَّحَرِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٠٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٦٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٩٢).\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (١١٦٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٠٨)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٣٦٧ (٥٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٨٨)، وأبو داود (١٤٣٥) من طريق الأعمش عن مسلم به.","vol":"5","page":444},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن مُسلِمٍ (^١).\n\n٤٨٩٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثَّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: مِن كُلِّ اللَّيلِ أوتَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فانتَهَى وِترُه إلَى آخِرِ اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n٤٨٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى حَصِينٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثَّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: مِن كُلِّ اللَّيلِ قَد أوتَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ مِن أوَّلِ اللَّيلِ وأَوسَطِه وآخِرِه، فانتَهَى وِترُه إلَى السَّحَرِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَيسٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن وِترِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَت: رُبَّما أوتَرَ من أوَّلِ اللَّيلِ، ورُبَّما أوتَرَ مِن آخِرِهِ. قُلتُ: كَيفَ كانَت قِراءَتُه؛ كان\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٤٥/ ١٣٦)، والبخاري (٩٩٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٩٤) عن وكيع به. والنسائي (١٦٨٠) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (٤٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٥) من طريق أبى حصين به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٤٥/ ١٣٧).","vol":"5","page":445},{"text":"يُسِرُّ بالقِراءَةِ أم يَجهَرُ؟ قالَت: كُلَّ ذَلِكَ كان يَفعَلُ، رُبَّما أسَرَّ ورُبَّما جَهَرَ، ورُبَّما اغتَسَلَ ورُبَّما تَوَضَّأَ فنامَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1034>بابُ الاختيارِ في وقتِ الوِترِ، وما ورَدَ مِنَ الاحتياطِ في ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٤٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن خافَ ألَّا يَستَيقِظَ آخِرَ اللَّيلِ فليوتِرْ [أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ] (^٢)، ثُمَّ ليَرقُدْ، ومَن طَمِعَ أن يَستَيقِظَ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ فليوتِرْ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ؛ فإِنَّ قِراءَةَ آخِرِ اللَّيلِ مَحضورَةٌ، وذَلِكَ أفضَلُ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ وغَيرِه عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أيُّكُم خافَ ألا يَقومَ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ فليوتِرْ ثُمَّ ليَرقُدْ، ومَن وثِقَ بقيامِ اللَّيلِ فليوتِرْ مِن آخِرِه؛ فإنَّ قِراءَةَ آخِرِ اللَّيلِ مَحضورَةٌ، وذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٣٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٩٢٤) عن قتيبة به، وتقدم في (٩٨٤، ٩٨٥، ٤٧٧٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"أوله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٨١)، والترمذي عقب (٤٥٥)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٥٥/ ١٦٢).","vol":"5","page":446},{"text":"أفضَلُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السَّيلَحينِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لأبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ -: \"مَتَى توتِرُ؟ \". قال: أُوتِرُ قَبلَ أن أنامَ. وَقالَ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: \"مَتَى توتِرُ؟ \". قال: أنامُ ثُمَّ أُوتِرُ. فقالَ لأبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ -: \"أخَذتَ بالحَزمِ، أو بالوَثيقَةِ\". وقالَ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: \"أخَذْتَ بالقوَّةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٩٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسوسِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤) بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أخَذَ بالحَزمِ\". ولَم يَشُكَّ (^٥).\n\n٤٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٢٠٣) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به. وأحمد (١٤٢٠٧) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٥٥/ ١٦٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٤٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٧١).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"فذكراه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٤٩٩) عن أبي أمية الطرسوسى به.\nوفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه عن غير راو بالجزم لم يشك\".","vol":"5","page":447},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لأبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ -: \"مَتَى توتِرُ؟ \". قال: أُوتِرُ ثُمَّ أنامُ. قالَ: \"بالحَزمِ أخَذْتَ\". وسأَلَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: \"مَتَى توتِرُ؟ \". قال: أنامُ ثُمَّ أقومُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فأُوتِرُ. قالَ: \"فِعلَ القَوِىِّ فعَلتَ\" (^١).\n\n٤٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أوصانِي خَليلِى - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ؛ بصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ، ورَكعَتَىِ الضُّحَى، وأَن أُوتِرَ قَبلَ أن أرقُدَ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرّوخَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو عثمانَ يَعنِى النَّهدِيَّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1035>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَنقُضُ القائمُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ وِترَهُ</span>\n\n٤٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بَدرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٠١ بزيادة يحيى بن سليمان بين محمد بن عباد ويحيى بن سليم. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٨٥) من طريق محمد بن عباد المكي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٩٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٥١٢٣) من طريق محمد الوارث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٨١)، ومسلم (٧٢١/ ٨٥).","vol":"5","page":448},{"text":"عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ قال: زارَنا طَلقُ بنُ عليٍّ في يَومٍ مِن رَمَضانَ، وأَمسَى عِندَنا وأَفطَرَ، ثُمَّ قامَ بنا تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ وأَوتَرَ بنا (^١)، ثُمَّ انحَدَرَ إلَى مَسجِدِه فصَلَّى بأَصحابِه، حَتَّى إذا بَقِىَ الوِترُ قَدَّمَ رَجُلًا، فقالَ: أوتِرْ بأَصحابِكَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا وِترانِ في لَيلَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا أبو سِنانٍ سعيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، أنَّه سأَلَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الوِترِ فقالَ: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يوتِرُ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ، فإِذا قامَ نَقَضَ وِترَه ثُمَّ صَلَّى، ثُمَّ أوتَرَ آخِرَ صَلاتِه أواخِرَ اللَّيلِ، وكانَ عُمَرُ يوتِرُ آخِرَ اللَّيلِ، وكانَ خَيرٌ مِنِّى ومِنهُما أبو بكرٍ يوتِرُ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ ويَشفَعُ آخِرَه (^٣). يُريدُ بذَلِكَ: يُصَلِّى مَثنَى مَثنَى ولا يَنقُضُ وِترَه.\n\n٤٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ (^٤) قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"تلك الليلة\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٤٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٩٦)، والترمذي (٤٧٠)، والنسائي (١٦٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١١٠١)، وابن حبان (٢٤٤٩) من طريق ملازم بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن غريب. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦٨: عبد الله صدوق، وكذا ملازم.\n(^٣) ذكره محمد بن نصر في مختصر الوتر ص ١٢٨، ١٢٩ عن عمرو بن مرة به.\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"حمزة\" بالحاء المهملة والزاى المعجمة. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١/ ١٨٠، وفتح الباري ٧/ ٤٥٢.","vol":"5","page":449},{"text":"عباسٍ - ﵁ - عن نَقضِ الوِترِ، قال: إذا أوتَرْتَ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ فلا تُوتِرْ آخِرَه، وإِذا أوتَرتَ آخِرَه فلا توتِرْ أوَّلَه. وسأَلتُ عائذَ بنَ عمرٍو كانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن نَقضِ الوِترِ فقالَ: إذا أوتَرْتَ أوَّلَه فلا توتِرْ آخِرَه، وإِذا أوتَرتَ آخِرَه فلا توتِرْ أوَّلَه (^١). أخرَجَ البخاريُّ حَديثَ عائذِ بنِ عمرٍو في \"الصَّحيحِ\"، قال: وكانَ مِن أصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٤٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أنَّه سأَلَ أبا هريرةَ: كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ أبو هريرةَ، ثُمَّ سأَلَه فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ سأَلَه فقالَ: إن شِئتَ أخبَرتُكَ كَيفَ أصنَعُ أنا. قال: فقُلتُ: فأَخبِرْنِي. فَقالَ: إذا صَلَّيتُ العِشاءَ صَلَّيتُ بَعدَها خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ أنامُ، فإِن قُمتُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ صَلَّيتُ مَثنَى مَثنَى، فإِن أصبَحتُ أصبَحتُ على وِترٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الإسماعيلى - كما في فتح الباري ٧/ ٤٥٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٧٩٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٤٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٧٦).\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٢٥٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٤٣ من طريق ابن وهب عن مالك به.","vol":"5","page":450},{"text":"حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ذاكَ الَّذِى يَلعَبُ بوِترِه (^١). يَعنِى الَّذِى يوتِرُ ثُمَّ يَنامُ، فإِذا قامَ شَفَعَ برَكعَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّي، يَعنِى ثُمَّ أعادَ وِترَه.\n\n٤٩١٢ - أخبرَنا (^٢) أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، [قال: قال] (^٣) الشّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى: نقولُ (^٤): مَن أوتَرَ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ صَلَّى مَثنَى حَتَّى يُصبِحَ. وذَكَرَ حَديثَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن أبي هارونَ الغَنَوِيِّ (^٥)، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: الوِترُ ثَلاثَةُ أنواعٍ، فمَن شاءَ أن يوتِرَ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ أوتَرَ، ثُمَّ إن (^٦) استَيقَظَ فشاءَ أن يَشفَعَها برَكعَةٍ ويُصَلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ ثُمَّ يوتِرَ فعَلَ، وإِن شاءَ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، وإِن شاءَ أوتَرَ آخِرَ اللَّيلِ (^٧).\n\n٤٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي هارونَ الغَنَوِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ حِطَّانَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٨٧) عن سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) هذا الأثر ليس في: ص ٢. وهو مثبت في حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) في م: \"أنا\".\n(^٤) في م: \"يقول\".\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"العبدى\".\n(^٦) ليس في: م.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤١٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٤٣، ١٦٧.","vol":"5","page":451},{"text":"يقولُ: الوِترُ ثَلاثَةُ أنواعٍ، فمَن شاءَ أوتَرَ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ، ثُمَّ إن صَلَّى صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١) حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، ومَن شاءَ أوتَرَ ثُمَّ إن صَلَّى صَلَّى رَكعَة شَفعًا لِوِترِه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ أوتَرَ، ومَن شاءَ لَم يُوتِرْ حَتَّى يَكونَ آخِرَ صَلاتِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1036>بابُ ما يَقرأُ في الوِترِ بَعدَ \"الفاتِحَةِ</span>\"\n\n٤٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويه بنِ سَهلٍ المُطَوَّعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَمَّادٍ الآمُلِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ (ح) وحدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا أبى وعَمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَقرأ في الوِترِ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. وفِى الثّانيَةِ ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ وفِى الثّالِثَةِ ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ و﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾ و﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ العَلَوِيِّ: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. والباقِى بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٤٩١٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٨٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٢٠. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٣٩٢، وابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٧١ من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٦٩: غريب ولم يخرجوه.","vol":"5","page":452},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ الزّاهِدُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ يُوتِرُ بَعدَهُما بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. ويَقرأُ في الوِترِ بـ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾ و: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾ (^١).\n\n٤٩١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n٤٩١٧ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ الجَزَرِيُّ، حدثنا خُصَيفٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سأَلنا عائشةَ: بأَىِّ شَيءٍ كان يَقرأُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الوِترِ؟ فقالَت: كان يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. وفِى الثّانيَةِ بـ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. وفِى الثّالِثَةِ بـ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ و\"المُعَوِّذَتَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n٤٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٢١. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤ من طريق سعيد بن عفير به. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ١/ ٢٨٥ من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤١٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٤٦٣) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به، وقال: حسن غريب. وأحمد (٢٥٩٠٦)، =","vol":"5","page":453},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَي، عن أبيه (^١)، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يوتِرُ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٤٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّشتَكِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِيُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زُبَيدٍ وطَلحَةَ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَي، عن أبيه، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٣). قال عليٌّ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو حَفصٍ الأبَّارُ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى زائدَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن زُبَيدٍ وطَلحَةَ، ورَواه أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ مَعنٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن طَلحَةَ وحدَه.\n\n٤٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ،\n_________\n= وأبو داود (١٤٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٧٣) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٦٢).\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن أبي بن كعب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧٣٠) من طريق حصين به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٧٠: ساقه النسائي بطرق عدة بعضها مرسلة، فمن طرق جماعة عن زبيد اليامى عن ذر عن سعيد عن أبيه. وسيأتي في (٤٩٣١).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٣١. وأخرجه النسائي (١٧٢٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله به.","vol":"5","page":454},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ بـ ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. وفِي رِوايَةِ إسرائيلَ: أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يوتِرُ (^١).\nوقَد خالَفَهُما زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ فرَواه كما:\n\n٤٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه كان يوتِرُ بثَلاثِ سوَرٍ؛ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٢). قال إسماعيلُ: وقَفَه زُهَيرٌ ورَفَعَه إسرائيلُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1037>بابُ مَن قال: يَقنُتُ في الوِترِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٤٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وأبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ (^٣) عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٣١) من طريق إسرائيل به. وابن ماجه (١١٧٢) عن نصر بن على به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٣٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٧٢) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٩٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧٠٢) من طريق زهير به موقوفًا على ابن عباس وليس أبي هريرة. وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٠٣): ضعيف الإسناد.\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"بن\".","vol":"5","page":455},{"text":"شَيبَةَ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، [عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ] (^١)، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ - ﵄ - قال: عَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في وِترِى إذا رَفَعتُ رأسِى ولَم يَبقَ إلَّا السُّجودُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِنِى فيمَن هَدَيتَ، وعافِنِى فيمَن عافَيتَ، وتَوَلَّنِى فيمَن تَوَلَّيتَ، وبارِكْ لِى فيما أعطيت (^٢)، وقِنى شَرَّ ما قَضَيتَ، إنَّكَ تَقضِى ولا يُقضَى عَلَيكَ، إنَّه لا يَذِلُّ مَن والَيتَ (^٣)، تَبارَكتَ رَبَّنا وتَعالَيتَ\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ بهَذِه اللَّفظَةِ أبو بكرِ ابنُ شَيبَةَ الحِزامِيُّ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوّينا في قُنوتِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ ما يُوجِبُ الاعتِمادَ عَلَيه (^٦)، وقُنوتُ الوِترِ قياسٌ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٤٩٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ (^٧) السَّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يَقنُتُ في\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٢: \"آتيت\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"ولا يعز من عاديت\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ١٧٢ وصححه.\n(^٥) هو عبد الرحمن بن عبد الملك بن شيبة الحزامى مولاهم أبو بكر المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣١٨، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢٥٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٣٧٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٢٦٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٧/ ٤٥٢. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٨٩: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم في (٣١٤١، ٣١٤٣، ٣١٤٤).\n(^٧) بعده في الأصل: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٨٦.","vol":"5","page":456},{"text":"الوِترِ بَعدَ الرُّكوعِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1038>بابُ مَن قال: يَقنُتُ في الوِترِ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ</span>\n\n٤٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ - قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ: رُبَّما قال المُسَيَّبُ: عن عَزَرَةَ. ورُبَّما لَم يَقُلْ - عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ يَقرأُ فيها بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. وكانَ يَقنُتُ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ، وكانَ يقولُ إذا سَلَّمَ: \"سُبحانَ المَلِكِ القُدوسِ\" مَرَّتَينِ يُسِرُّهُما (^٢)، والثَّالِثَةَ يَجهَرُ بها ويَمُدُّ بها صَوتَه (^٣).\n\n٤٩٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن فِطرٍ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يوتِرُ بثَلاثٍ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. ويَقنُتُ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ، فإِذا سَلَّمَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤١٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٦٧) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"يسر بهما\".\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٣١.","vol":"5","page":457},{"text":"قال: \"سُبحانَ المَلِكِ القُدُّوسِ\". ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، يَمُدُّ بها صَوتَه في الآخِرَةِ يقولُ: \"رَبِّ المَلائِكَةِ والرُّوحِ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: قال أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ السَّجِستانِيُّ: حَديثُ سعيدٍ عن قَتادَةَ رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن سعيدٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن عَزرَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، لَم يَذكُرِ القُنوتَ ولا ذَكَرَ أُبَيًّا. قال: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الأعلَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ، وسَماعُه بالكوفَةِ مَعَ عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ ولَم يَذكُروا القُنوتَ. قال: وقَد رَواه أيضًا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ وشُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ لَم يَذكُرا القُنوتَ، وحَديثُ زُبَيدٍ رَواه سُلَيمانُ الأعمَشُ وشُعبَةُ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ وجَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، كُلُّهُم عن زُبَيدٍ لَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُمُ القُنوتَ، إلَّا ما رُوِىَ عن حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ عن مِسعَرٍ عن زُبَيدٍ، فإِنَّه قال في حَديثِه: وإِنَّه قَنَتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ. ولَيسَ هو بالمَشهورِ مِن حَديثِ حَفصٍ، يُخافُ أن يَكونَ عن حَفصٍ عن غَيرِ مِسعَرٍ (^٢). هذا كُلُّه قَولُ أبي داودَ، وضَعَّفَ أبو داودَ هذه الزّيادَةَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الإِسفرايينِيُّ ابنُ السَّقّا بنَيسابورَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ (^٣) القَطّانُ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٣١. وأخرجه النسائي (١٦٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٢) من طريق زبيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٦٠٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٤٢٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"زيادة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٢١، وتقدم مرارًا.","vol":"5","page":458},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن مِسعَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى زُبَيدٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يوتِرُ بثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ لا يُسَلِّمُ فيهِنَّ حَتَّى يَنصَرِفَ، الأولَى بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. والثانيَةُ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. والثالثَةُ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. وقَنَتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ، فلَمَّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"سُبحانَ (^١) المَلِكِ القُدّوسِ\". مَرَّتَينِ ورَفَعَ صَوتَه في الثَّالِثَةِ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبانُ بنُ أبى عَيَّاشٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: بِتُّ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لأنظُرَ كَيفَ يَقنُتُ في وِترِه، فقَنَتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثْتُ أُمِّى أُمَّ عبدٍ فقُلتُ: بِيتِى مَعَ نِسائه، فانظُرِى كَيفَ يَقنُتُ في وِترِه. فأَتَتْنِى (^٣) فأَخبَرَتنِى أنَّه قَنَتَ قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ (^٤).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن أبانِ بنِ أبي عَيَّاشٍ (^٥)، ومَدارُ الحديث عَلَيهِ، وأَبانٌ مَتروكٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"الله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الشاشى في مسنده (١٤٣٢) من طريق عمر بن حفص به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٧٢: ابن يونس الكديمى هالك.\n(^٣) في م: \"فأنبئينى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٧٧)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٢ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٩٧٨)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) تقدم في ١/ ٣٥.","vol":"5","page":459},{"text":"٤٩٢٨ - ورَوَى عَطاءُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أوتَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ قَنَتَ فيها قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ. أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يونُسَ الرَّقِّيُّ (^١)، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الحَلَبِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا يَنفَرِدُ به عَطاءُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1039>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في القُنوتِ</span>\nقَد مَضَت أخبارٌ في هذا البابِ في قُنوتِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ (^٤)، ومِمّا لَم نَذكُرْه هُناكَ ما:\n\n٤٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ (^٥) شاذانُ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قال: كان ابنُ مَسعودٍ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في القُنوتِ إلَى ثَديَيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"البرقى\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٦٧٩) من طريق عطاء به بمعناه مطولًا. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٢٧٦: رواه الطبراني في الكبير وفيه عطاء بن سالم - كذا في مجمع الزوائد - الخفاف وثقه ابن حبان وقال غيره: ضعيف. وهو رجل صالح ولكنه دفن كتبه فلا يثبت حديثه.\n(^٣) هو عطاء بن مسلم الخفاف أبو مخلد الكوفي، نزيل حلب. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٦، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٣٦، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢٥٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٣١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٠٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٢: صدوق يخطئ كثيرًا.\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في ٤/ ٣٠٣ وما بعدها.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"حدثنا\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٦) تاريخ الدورى ٤/ ٢٣١ (٤١٠٢). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٠٢٠، ٧٠٢١) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"5","page":460},{"text":"٤٩٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ هو الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ وردانَ، أنَّه كان يَرَى أبا هريرةَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في قُنوتِه في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. قال الوَليدُ: وأَخبَرَنِي عامِرُ بنُ شِبلٍ الجَرْمِيُّ قال: رأَيتُ أبا قِلابَةَ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في قُنوتِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1040>بابُ ما يقولُ بَعدَ الوِترِ</span>\n\n٤٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ وزُبَيدٍ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَي، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في الوِترِ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. فإِذا سَلَّمَ قال: \"سُبحانَ المَلِكِ القُدّوسِ\". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ يَرفَعُ بالثَّالِثَةِ صَوتَه (^٢).\n\n٤٩٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ، حدثنا أبي، عن الأعمَشِ، عن طَلحَةَ الإيامِىِّ، عن ذَرٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى، عن أبيه، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا سَلَّمَ في الوِترِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٥/ ٣٣٤ من طريق المصنف مقتصرًا على قول الوليد.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٥٤٨)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٣٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٥٤)، والنسائي (١٧٣١، ١٧٣٢) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٦٣٥، ١٦٣٦).","vol":"5","page":461},{"text":"قال: \"سُبحانَ المَلِكِ القُدّوسِ\" (^١).\n\n٤٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عمرٍو الفَزارِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَدعو في آخِرِ وِترِه يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ برِضاكَ مِن سَخَطِكَ، وبِمُعافاتِكَ مِن عُقوبَتِكَ، وأعوذُ بكَ مِنكَ، لا أُحصِى ثَناءً عَلَيكَ أنتَ كما أثنَيتَ على نَفسِكَ\" (^٢).\n\n٤٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: هِشامٌ أقدَمُ شَيخٍ لحَمَّادٍ. قال: وبَلَغَنِى عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ أنَّه قال: لَم يَروِ عنه غَيرُ حَمَّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1041>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ قِراءَتُه في رَكعَتَيِ الفَجرِ بَعدَ الفاتِحَةِ</span>\n\n٤٩٣٥ - حدثنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ العباسِ (^٤) بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٣٠). وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١١٤٢)، والنسائي (١٧٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٠) من طريق محمد بن أبي عبيدة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٧٤٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٧٥١)، والترمذي (٣٥٦٦)، والنسائي (١٧٤٦)، وابن ماجه (١١٧٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٤٢٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"العاص\".","vol":"5","page":462},{"text":"القُرَشِيُّ (^١) وكانَ معنا حاجًّا في مَسجِدِ الرَّسولِ - ﷺ -، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ (^٢) سَيّارٍ وأبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الجَوهَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زيادٍ أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قرأَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ الفَجرِ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٤).\nورُوّيناه أيضًا عن عائشةَ (^٥) وابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٦) وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٧) - ﵃ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -.\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن العباس بن محمد بن على أبو عثمان القرشي الهروي، الإمام المسند العدل، قال الذهبي: كان من سروات الرجال وبقايا المسندين بهراة، وقال الخطيب: ثقة. مات سنة (٤٣٣ هـ). ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١١٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٥٢.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"يوسف بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٥٦) عن يحيى بن معين به. ومسلم (٧٢٦/ ٩٨)، والنسائي (٩٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٤٨) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٢٦/ ٩٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١١٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١١٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٩٤٤).\n(^٦) سياتى تخريجه في (٤٩٤٠).\n(^٧) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩٨.","vol":"5","page":463},{"text":"٤٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ [(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ قالا] (^١): حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ في الأُولَى مِنهُما الآيَةَ التي في \"البَقَرَةِ\": ﴿قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا﴾ الآيَةَ كُلَّها [البقرة: ١٣٦]. وفِي الآخِرَةِ: ﴿آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ (^٢) [آل عمران: ٥٢]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مَرْوانَ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ: ﴿قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا﴾ الآيَةَ. وفِي الثّانيَةِ: ﴿تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ﴾ (^٤) [آل عمران: ٦٤]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٢، وكتبه في حاشية الأصل وقال: أجازة في ح ر وسقط في ص وضرب عليه في أصل المؤلف.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٩٤٣) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٢٧/ ٩٩).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٩٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١١٥) من طريق أبى خالد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٢٧/ ١٠٠).","vol":"5","page":464},{"text":"ورَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ وعيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ مَرْوانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىِّ (^١).\n\n٤٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ عمرٍو العُكبَرِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الغَيثِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في السَّجدَتَينِ قَبلَ الصُّبحِ في السَّجدَةِ الأولَى: ﴿قُلْ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٨٤]. وفِي الثّانيَةِ: ﴿رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا بِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ وَاتَّبَعْنَا الرَّسُولَ فَاكْتُبْنَا مَعَ الشَّاهِدِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٥٣]. هَكَذا أخبَرَناه بلا شَكٍّ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ بالشَّكِّ في قَولِه: ﴿رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا بِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ﴾ فلَم يَدرِ هذه الآيَةَ أو ﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ١١٩]. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ عن الدَّراوَردِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٥٩) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به. ومسلم (٧٢٧/. . .) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وأحمد (٢٠٣٨) عن عبد الله بن نمير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٩٨ من طريق سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٦٠) عن محمد بن الصباح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٠٨، والمزى في تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٦٦، ٤٦٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة به.","vol":"5","page":465},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1042>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ قِراءَتُه في رَكْعَتَىِ المَغرِبِ بَعدَ الفاتِحَةِ</span>\n\n٤٩٤٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريَّا بنِ أبي مَيْسَرَةَ (^١)، حدثنا بَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَعدانَ الضُّبَعِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ ابنُ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: ما أُحصِى ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في رَكعَتَىِ المَغرِبِ ورَكعَتَىِ الغَداةِ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ سَلَّامٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أكثَرَ مِن عِشرينَ مَرَّةً يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ والرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ الصُّبحِ بـ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رَواه سفيانُ وإِسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"مسرة\".\n(^٢) فوائد الفاكهى (١٢٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (٤٣١)، وابن ماجه (١١٦٦) من طريق بدل بن المحبر به.\nوعد الترمذي: أبو وائل بدلًا من زر بن حبيش، وقال: حديث غريب. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٧٤: عبد الملك واه.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٠٠٥). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٣٥٢٨) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٠٩)، والترمذي (٤١٧)، وابن ماجه (١١٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢٤٥٩) من طريق الثوري به. وأحمد (٤٧٦٣) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"5","page":466},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه في العاشِرِ مِنَ \"الأمالِى\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1043>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في تَخفيفِ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٤٩٤٣ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى الثَّقَفِيَّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَمْرَةَ تُحَدِّثُ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كانَت تَقولُ. (ح) و] (^٢) أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ وهو ابنُ أخِى عَمْرَةَ، عن عَمْرَةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّى الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ صلاةِ الفَجرِ، فيُخَفِّفُهُما حَتَّى أقولَ: أقَرأَ فيهِما بأُمِّ القُرآنِ؟ (^٣) أخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٩٩١) من طريق أبى الجواب به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٨٣)، وابن حبان (٢٤٦٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. ومسلم (٧٢٤/ ٩٢) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وابن خزيمة (١١١٣)، وابن حبان (٢٤٦٦) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (٢٤١٢٥)، وأبو داود (١٢٥٥)، والنسائي (٩٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"5","page":467},{"text":"البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٤٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا (^٣) ابنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُخَفِّفُ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٤٥ - قال: وقالَ مِسعَرٌ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رُبَّما أطالَ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ عن وكيعٍ دونَ رِوايَةِ مِسعَرٍ (^٦)، وإنَّما هِىَ مُنقَطِعَةٌ.\nورَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ:\n\n٤٩٤٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هَانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُخَفِّفُ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٧١)، ومسلم (٧٢٤/ ٩٢).\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"البزار\".\n(^٣) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٩٢) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٤١٣) عن وكيع به. وفيه: عن شيخ من الأنصار، قال مسعر: أراه عثمان.\n(^٦) مسلم (٧٢٤) عقب (٩٠).\n(^٧) إسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٨٧٥) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٤٦٤).","vol":"5","page":468},{"text":"وكَذا رَواه أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ وأبو العباسِ (^١) السَّرّاجُ عن إسحاقَ، ورِوايَةُ غَيرِه عن وكيعٍ عن هِشامٍ أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1044>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الاضطِجاعِ بَعدَ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٤٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الأوزاعِيُّ وعَمْرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ وشُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو الأسوَدِ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ (^٥).\nوخالَفَهُم مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ فذَكَرَ الاضطِجاعَ بَعدَ الوِترِ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"بن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٥٧) عن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣١٠).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٦٣٣) من طريق الأوزاعي وعمرو بن الحارث ويونس وابن أبي ذئب، وفى (٤٧٤٠، ٤٧٤١) من طريق الأوزاعي وشعيب. وفى (٤٨٣٨) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث ويونس وابن أبي ذئب.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (١١٦٠) من طريق أبى الأسود به.","vol":"5","page":469},{"text":"٤٩٤٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَي، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى باللَّيلِ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُوتِرُ مِنها بواحِدَةٍ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِنها اضطَجَعَ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ، فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nكَذا قالَه مالكٌ. والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونا مَحفوظَينِ، فنَقَلَ مالكٌ أحَدَهُما ونَقَلَ الباقونَ الآخَرَ.\nواختُلِفَ فيه أيضًا عن (^٣) ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٤٩٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَدّادُ، حدثنا سَلْمُ (^٤) بنُ إبراهيمَ الوَرَّاقُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي عائشةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا صَلَّى رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ اضطَجَعَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٨٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٦/ ١٢١).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ح ر: على\".\n(^٤) في م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢١٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في تالى التلخيص ١/ ١٤١ عن أبي الحسين بن الفضل به.","vol":"5","page":470},{"text":"ورَواه غَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ عن موسَى عن سعيدٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعًا (^١). كَذا في هذه الرِّواياتِ (^٢)، وقَد مَضَى في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣) ما دَلَّ على أنَّ اضطِجاعَه كان بَعدَ الوِترِ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ ذَلِكَ ما احتَمَلَ رِوايَةُ مالكٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأبو كامِلٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إِذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُمُ الرَّكْعَتَينِ قبلَ الصُّبحِ فليَضطَجِعْ على يَمينِه\". فقالَ له مَرْوانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ: أما يُجزِئُ أحَدَنا مَمشاهُ إلَى المَسجِدِ حَتَّى يَضطَجِعَ على يَمينِهِ؟ قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ في حَديثِه: قال: لا. قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: أكثَرَ أبو هريرةَ على نَفسِهِ. قال: فقيلَ لابنِ عُمَرَ: هل تُنكِرُ شَيئًا مِمَّا يقولُ؟ قال: لا ولَكِنَّه اجتَرأَ وجَبُنّا. قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ أبا هريرةَ قال: فما ذَنبِى إن كُنتُ حَفِظتُ ونَسُوا (^٤).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به الإِباحَةَ؛ فقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيُّ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ حِكايَةً عن فِعلِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٥٣٣) عن شعبة به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الرواية\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٧٤٢).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٢٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٦٨)، والترمذي (٤٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٢٠)، وابن حبان (٢٤٦٨) من طريق محمد الواحد به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":471},{"text":"خَبَرًا عن قَولِهِ:\n\n٤٩٥١ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ (^١) إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ وهو على المَدينَةِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفصِلُ بَينَ رَكعَتَيه مِنَ الفَجرِ وبَينَ الصُّبحِ بضَجعَةٍ على شِقِّه الأيمَنِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا أولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا؛ لموافَقَتِه سائرَ الرواياتِ عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n٤٩٥٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا سالِمٌ أبو النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ، فإِن كُنتُ مُستَيقِظَةً حَدَّثَنِي، وإِلَّا اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى يَقومَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٨٨، ٢٤/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطوسي في مختصر الأحكام ٢/ ٣٦٧ من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٩٧. وتقدم في (٣٠٧٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٦١)، ومسلم (٧٤٣/ ١٣٣).","vol":"5","page":472},{"text":"ورَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ خارِجَ \"الموَطإِ\" عن سالِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ عَقِيبَ صَلاةِ اللَّيلِ، وذَكَرَ اضطِجاعَه بَعدَ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ رَكعَتَىِ الفَجرِ:\n\n٤٩٥٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سالِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَضَى صَلاتَه مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ نَظَرَ، فإِن كُنتُ مُستَيقِظَةً حَدَّثَنِي، وإِن كُنتُ نائمَةً أيقَظَنِى وصَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُؤَذِّنُ فيُؤذِنَه بصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ خَفيفَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَخرُجُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^١). وهَذا بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن أبي سَلَمَةَ.\n\n٤٩٥٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي عَتَّابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ ثُمَّ أوتَرَ (^٢) صَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فإِن كُنتُ مُستَيقِظَةً حَدَّثَنِي، وإِلا اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى يأتيَه المُنادِى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٢)، والترمذي (٤١٨) من طريق مالك به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"ثم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٦٣)، وأبو عوانة (٢١٥٦) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أبي داود: زياد بن سعد عمن حدثه؛ ابن أبي عتاب أو غيره عن أبي سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٢٥).","vol":"5","page":473},{"text":"٤٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ الخُراسانِىُّ، عن ابنِ أبي عَتّابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَتّابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ، مِثلَ حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي النَّضرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ فقالَ: عن ابنِ أبي عَتّابٍ (^٢). فإِنَّ غَيرَ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ في اسمِه: زَيدُ بنُ أبى عَتّابٍ.\n\n٤٩٥٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يوتِرَ حَرَّكَنِى برِجلِه، وكانَ يُصَلِّى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فإِن كُنتُ مُستَيقِظَةً حَدَّثَنِى، وإِلا اضطَجَعَ حَتَّى يَقومَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ. قال: وقالَ أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ: كان سفيانُ يَشُكُّ في حَديثِ أبى النَّضرِ ويَضطَرِبُ فيه، ورُبَّما يَشُكُّ في حَديثِ زيادٍ ويَقولُ: يَختَلِطُ علىَّ. ثُمَّ قال غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ: حَديثُ أبى النَّضرِ كَذا، وحَديثُ زيادٍ كَذا، وحَديثُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو كَذا، على ما ذَكَرتُ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٩٧، والحميدي (١٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٤٣) عقب (١٣٣).\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٩٧، والحميدى (١٧٧)، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧١٨) عن ابن عيينة به.","vol":"5","page":474},{"text":"٤٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عباسٌ العَنبَرِىُّ وزيادُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أبى مَكينٍ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لِصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، فكانَ لا يَمُرُّ برَجُلٍ إلَّا ناداه بالصَّلاةِ أو حَرَّكَه برِجلِهِ. قال زيادٌ: حدثنا أبو الفُضَيلِ (^١).\n\n٤٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن زَيدٍ العَمّىِّ، عن أبي الصِّدّيقِ النَّاجِىِّ قال: رأَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ قَومًا قَدِ اضطَجَعوا بَعدَ الرَّكعَتَينِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ فقالَ: ارجِعْ إلَيهِم فسَلْهُم ما حَمَلَهُم على ما صَنَعوا؟ فأَتَيتُهُم فسأَلتُهُم فقالوا: نُريدُ السُّنَّةَ؟ قال: ارجِعْ إلَيهِم فأَخبِرْهُم أنَّها بدعَةٌ (^٢).\nوقَد أشارَ الشّافِعِىُّ رَحِمَه اللهُ تَعالَى إلَى أنَّ الاضطِجاعَ المنقَولَ فيما مَضَى مِنَ الأخبارِ لِلفَصلِ بَينَ النّافِلَةِ والفَريضَةِ، ثُمَّ سَواءٌ كان ذَلِكَ الفَصلُ بالاضطِجاعِ أوِ التَّحديثِ أوِ التَّحَوُّلِ مِن ذَلِكَ المَكانِ أو غَيرِه، والاضطِجاعُ غَيرُ مُتَعَيِّنٍ لِذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1045>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بصَلاةِ الضُّحَى</span>\n\n٤٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٦٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٤٥١) من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"5","page":475},{"text":"إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبى مُرَّةَ مَولَى أُمِّ هانِئٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ - ﵁ - قال: أوصانِى حَبيبِى - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ لَن أدَعَهُنَّ ما عِشتُ؛ بصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ، وصَلاةِ الضُّحَى، وبِأَن لا أنامَ حَتَّى أُوتِرَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1046>ذِكرُ الأحاديثِ الثّابِتَةِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في عَدَدِ صَلاةِ الضُّحَى </span>(^٢)\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1047>بابُ (^٣) ذكرِ مَن رَواها رَكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٤٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ موسَى القَزّازُ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُختارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدّاناجِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أوصانِى خَليلِى أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ، الوِترِ قَبلَ النَّومِ، وصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ، ورَكعَتَىِ الضُّحَى (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى عثمانَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٧٢٢/ ٨٦).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"وفضلها وما ورد فيها\".\n(^٣) من هنا أول الموجود من الجزء الثالث من النسخة \"س\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٠٩٨) من طريق عبد العزيز بن مختار به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٢١/. . .).\n(^٦) البخاري (١١٧٨)، ومسلم (٧٢١/ ٨٥).","vol":"5","page":476},{"text":"٤٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبى (^١) عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُصبِحُ على كُلِّ سُلامَى (^٢) مِن أحَدِكُم صَدَقَةٌ، فكُلُّ تَسبيحَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَحميدَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَهليلَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، [وكُلُّ تَكبيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وأمرٌ بالمَعروفِ صَدَقَةٌ، ونَهىٌ عن المُنكَرِ صَدَقَةٌ] (^٣)، ويُجزِئُ مِن ذَلِكَ رَكعَتانِ يَركَعُهُما مِنَ الضُّحَى\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ ابنِ أخِى جوَيريَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1048>بابُ ذكرِ مَن رَواها أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ</span>\n\n٤٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبُ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"ابن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٠٨.\n(^٢) السلامى: عظام أصابع اليد والرجل، ومعناه عظام البدن كلها. معالم السنن ١/ ٢٧٨، ٤/ ١٥٦، وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ١٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٨٣٨) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به. وأحمد (٢١٤٧٣، ٢١٤٧٥)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٢٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٢٥) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به. وأبو داود (١٢٨٦، ٥٢٤٤) من طريق واصل به. وسيأتي في (٧٨٩٩، ٢٠٢٣٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٢٠/ ٨٤).","vol":"5","page":477},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، جَميعًا عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الضُّحَى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ويَزيدُ ما شاءَ اللهُ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ وهِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٦٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّةَ قالَت: سأَلتُ عائشةَ: هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الضُّحَى؟ قالَت: نَعَم، أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ويَزيدُ ما شاءَ اللهُ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٦٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن قَيسٍ الجُذامِىِّ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ هَمَّارٍ الغَطَفانِىِّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، عن رَبِّه\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٨٥٣) - وعنه أحمد (٥٥٣٤٨)، وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٨٧) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٧٩) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٤٦٣٨) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧١٩/ ٧٩،. . .).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١٣٨١)، وابن حبان (٢٥٢٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧١٩/. . .).","vol":"5","page":478},{"text":"﷿ قال: \"ابنَ آدَمَ، صَلِّ لِى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ أوَّلَ النَّهارِ أكفِكَ آخِرَه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1049>بابُ ذكرِ مَن رَواها ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ</span>\n\n٤٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى يقولُ: ما حدثَنا أحَدٌ أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الضُّحَى غَيرَ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، فإِنَّها قالَت: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ بَيتَها يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ فاغتَسَلَ وصلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ. قالَت: فلَم أرَ صَلاةً أخَفَّ مِنها غَيرَ أنَّه يُتِمُّ الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ وأَبِى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ بنَسا (^٤)، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٧)، وابن حبان (٢٥٣٣) من طريق برد بن سنان به. وصحح الألباني سنده بغير ذكر قيس الجذامى فيه، وقال: وهو على شرط مسلم. ينظر إرواء الغليل ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٠٠)، والبخاري (١١٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٢٩١)، والترمذي (٤٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٣) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٥٥٧٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٧٦، ٤٢٩٢)، ومسلم ١/ ٤٩٧ (٣٣٦/ ٨٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بنيسابور\". وهو عبد الله بن أحمد بن محمد أبو القاسم، قال الحاكم: كان شيخ =","vol":"5","page":479},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ أباه عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ قال: سأَلتُ وحَرَصتُ على أن أجِدَ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ يُخبِرُنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَبَّحَ سُبحَةَ الضُّحَى، فحَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ هانِئٍ بنتُ أبى طالِبٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتَى بَعدَ ما ارتَفَعَ النَّهارُ يَومَ الفَتحِ، فأَمَرَ بثَوبٍ فسُتِرَ عَلَيه فاغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، لا أدرِى أقيامُه فيها أطوَلُ أم رُكوعُه أم سُجودُه، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُتَقارِبٌ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ إلَّا أنه قال: عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢). وذَلِكَ لأنَّ الصَّحيحَ أنَّه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ. كَذا قالَه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، إلَّا أنَّ ابنَ وهبٍ يقولُ: عُبَيدُ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ يقولُ عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ: إنَّها رأَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الضُّحَى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، لَم\n_________\n= العدالة والعلم بنسا. سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٤١٢. ونسا مدينة معروفة بنيسابور. معجم ما استعجم ٤/ ١٣٠٥.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١١٨٧، ٢٥٣٨) من طريق حرملة بن يحيى به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم ١/ ٤٩٨ (٣٣٦/ ٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٦١٤) من طريق الليث به. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٤) من طريق الزبيدى، عن ابن شهاب به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٥٣٨، ٥٣٩ من طريق إسحاق بن راشد، عن ابن شهاب به.","vol":"5","page":480},{"text":"تَرَهُ صَلَّى قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، في ثَوبٍ قَد خالَفَ بَينَ طَرَفَيهِ (^١).\n\n٤٩٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عِياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ بنتِ أبى طالِبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ صَلَّى سُبحَةَ الضُّحَى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ، يُسَلِّمُ مِن كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1050>بابُ ذكرِ خَبَرٍ جامِعٍ لأعدادِها</span>\nوفِي إسنادِه نَظَرٌ:\n\n٤٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ رافِعٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣) قال: لَقيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ فقُلتُ: يا عَمُّ اقبِسنِى خَيرًا. فقالَ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كما سأَلتَنِى فقالَ: \"إن صَلَّيتَ الضُّحَى رَكعَتَينِ لَم تُكتَبْ مِنَ الغافِلينَ، وإِن صَلَّيتَها أربَعًا كُتِبتَ مِنَ المُحسِنينَ، وإِن صَلَّيتَها سِتًّا كُتِبتَ مِنَ القانِتينَ، وإِن صَلَّيتَها ثَمانيًا كُتِبتَ مِنَ الفائزينَ، وإِن صَلَّيتَها عَشْرًا لَم يُكتَبْ لَكَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٢١). وأخرجه الحميدي (٣٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١٣٧٩) من طريق سفيان به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١١٣٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٢٩٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) في م: \"عمر\". وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٨٧).","vol":"5","page":481},{"text":"ذَنبٌ، وإِن صَلَّيتَها ثِنتَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً بَنَى اللهُ لَكَ بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\nوَقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبي ذَرٍّ (^٢)، وقَد ذَكَرناه في كِتابِ \"الجامع\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1051>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ ألَّا يَقومَ مِن مُصَلَّاه حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فيُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الضُّحَى</span>\n\n٤٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن زَبّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ أنَسٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قعَد في مُصَلَّاه حينَ يَنصَرِفُ مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى يُسَبِّحَ رَكعَتَىِ الضُّحَى لا يقولُ إلا خَيرًا، غُفِرَ له خَطاياه وإِن كانَت أكثَرَ مِن زَبَدِ البحرِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1052>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ تأخيرَها حَتَّى تَرمَضَ الفِصالُ</span>\n\n٤٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن القاسِمِ الشَّيبانِىِّ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ رأَى قَومًا يُصَلُّونَ في مَسجِدِ قُباءٍ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٨٥٨) عن إسماعيل بن رافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٥٨٧) من وجه آخر عن عبد الله بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٢٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٢٣) من طريق زبان به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٨٠).","vol":"5","page":482},{"text":"مِنَ الضُّحَى فقالَ: أما لَقَد عَلِموا أنَّ الصَّلاةَ في غَيرِ هذه السّاعَةِ أفضَلُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ صَلاةَ الأوّابينَ حينَ تَرمَضُ الفِصالُ\" (^١). وقالَ مَرَّةً: وأُناسًا يُصَلّونَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا. يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن القاسِمِ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، أنَّه رأَى ناسًا جُلوسًا إلَى قاصٍّ، فلَمّا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ ابتَدَروا السَّوارِىَ يُصَلّونَ، فقالَ زَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الأوّابينَ إذا رَمِضَتِ الفِصالُ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الدَّستُوائىِّ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عَوفٍ الشَّيبانِىِّ (^٥).\n\n٤٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ [ابنُ عبْدانَ] (^٦)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) ترمض الفصال: هو احتراق أظلافها بالرمضاء، عند ارتفاع الضحى واستحرار الشمس، والرمضاء: الرمل إذا استحر بالشمس، والفصال: صغار الإبل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩١، ٢/ ١٦٠.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٩٢٧٠). وأخرجه مسلم (٧٤٨/ ١٤٣)، وابن حبان (٢٥٣٩) من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به. وابن خزيمة (١٢٢٧) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٤٨/ ١٤٣).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٧٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٦٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٤٨/ ١٤٤).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: على بن أحمد\".","vol":"5","page":483},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن مَشَى إلَى صَلاةٍ مَكتوبَةٍ وهو مُتَطَهِّرٌ، فأجرُه كأجرِ الحاجِّ المُحرِمِ، ومَن مَشَى إلَى سُبحَةِ الضُّحَى لا يُنهِضُه إلّا إيّاه، فأجرُه كأجرِ المُعتَمِرِ، وصَلاةٌ على إثرِ صَلاةٍ لا لَغوَ بَينَهُما كِتابٌ في عِلّيّينَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1053>بابُ ذكرِ الحديثِ الَّذِى رُوِىَ في تَركِ الرَّسولِ - ﷺ - صَلاةِ الضُّحَى، وأَنَّ المُرادَ به أنَّه كان لا يُداوِمُ عَلَيها</span>\n\n٤٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَبَّحَ سُبحَةَ الضُّحَى، وإِنِّى لأُسَبِّحُها. زادَ مَعمَرٌ في رِوايَتِه: وما أحدَثَ النّاسُ شَيئًا أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِنها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٣).\n[وعِندِى واللهُ أعلَمُ أنَّ المرادَ به] (^٤): ما رأَيتُه داوَمَ على سُبحَةِ الضُّحَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٠٤)، وأبو داود (٥٥٨، ١٢٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن الحارث به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٢٢).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٥٣٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٤٨٦٧)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٣٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٤) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٧٧).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا بخط المؤلف: وعندى أن المراد به والله أعلم\".","vol":"5","page":484},{"text":"وإِنِّى لأُسَبِّحُها. أي أُداوِمُ عَلَيها، وكَذا قَولُها: وما أحدَثَ النّاسُ شَيئًا. تَعنِى المُداوَمَةَ عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٤٩٧٥ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: هَل كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الضُّحَى؟ قالَت: لا، إلَّا أن يَجِئَ مِن مَغيبِهِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ مَطَرٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\". عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nوفِي هذا إثباتُ فِعلِها إذا جاءَ مِن مَغيبِه، ورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤) وكَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٥)، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. ورُوّينا فيما مَضَى عن مُعاذَةَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلّيها أربَعًا، ويَزيدُ ما شاءَ (^٦). وفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على صِحَّةِ ما ذَكَرنا مِنَ التّأويلِ.\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٨٠: اللفظ لا يحتمل هذا التأويل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٩٢)، والنسائي (٢١٨٤)، وابن حبان (٢٥٢٧) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (٢٥٨٢٩)، وابن خزيمة عقب (١٢٣٠)، وفى (٢١٣٢) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١٧/ ٧٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٧٢٤).\n(^٥) هو جزء من حديث توبة كعب بن مالك، ينظر ما سيأتى في (٧٨٥١، ١٠٤٠٢، ١٣٤٠٧، ١٥١١٠، ١٧٩٢٨).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٩٦١، ٤٩٦٢).","vol":"5","page":485},{"text":"وقَد ثَبَتَتِ (^١) العِلَّةُ في تَركِه المُداوَمَةَ عَلَيها فيما:\n\n٤٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ يَعنى ابنَ أبى أُوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ، (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى سُبحَةَ الضُّحَى قَطُّ، وإِنِّى لأُسَبِّحُها، وإِن كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيَدَعُ العَمَلَ وهو يُحِبُّ أن يَعمَلَه خَشيَةَ أن يَعمَلَ به النّاسُ فيُفرَضَ عَلَيهِم (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1054>بابُ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى جاءَ في الصَّلاةِ التي تُسَمَّى صَلاةَ الزَّوالِ</span>\n\n٤٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ قال: سأَلْنا عَليًّا - ﵁ - عن تَطَوُّعِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالنَّهارِ، فقال لنا: ومَن يُطيقُهُ؟ قُلنا: حَدِّثناه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بينت\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٥١)، والبخاري (١١٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٢٩٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٠)، وابن حبان (٣١٣). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٨١: قد داوم على قيام الليل ولم يفرض علينا.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١٨/ ٧٧).","vol":"5","page":486},{"text":"نُطيقُ مِنه ما أطَقْنا. قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُمهِلُ إذا صَلَّى الفَجرَ حَتَّى إذا ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ فكانَ مِقدارُها مِنَ العَصرِ، قامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ يَفصِلُ فيهِما (^١) بالتَّسليمِ على المَلائكَةِ المُقَرَّبينَ والنَّبيّينَ ومَن تَبِعَهُم مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ يُمهِلُ حَتَّى إذا ارتَفَع الضُّحَى فكان مِقدارُها مِنَ الظُّهرِ، قامَ فصَلَّى أربَعًا، يَفصِلُ فيهِنَّ بالتَّسليمِ على المَلائكَةِ المُقَرَّبينَ والنَّبيّينَ ومَن تَبِعَهُم مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ يُمهِلُ فإِذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ قامَ فصلَّى أربَعًا، يَفصِلُ فيهِنَّ بالتَّسليمِ على المَلائكَةِ المُقَرَّبينَ والنَّبيّينَ ومَن تَبِعَهُم مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ الظُّهرِ يَفعَلُ فيهِما مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى أربَعًا قَبلَ العَصرِ يَفعَلُ فيهِنَّ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حُصَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣) وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ (^٤) وإِسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ وأبو عَوانَةَ (^٥) وأبو الأحوَصِ (^٦) وزُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ (^٧) عن أبي إسحاقَ، وزادَ إسرائيلُ في رِوايَتِه: وقَلَّما يُداوِمُ عَلَيها.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بينهما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٠)، والترمذي (٤٢٤، ٤٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١١٦١) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٨) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٥)، والترمذي (٥٩٨)، والنسائي (٨٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢١١) من طريق شعبة به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٢٠٣) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٢٠٢) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٧) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٥٤٧).","vol":"5","page":487},{"text":"٤٩٧٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ قال: سأَلتُ عَليًّا رَضِىَ اللهُ تَعالَى عنه عن تَطَوُّعِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالنَّهارِ، فقالَ: مَن يُطيقُ ذَلِكَ مِنكُم؟ قُلنا: نأخُذُ مِنه ما أطَقْنا. قال: كان يُمهِلُ حَتَّى إذا كانَتِ الشَّمسُ مِن قِبَلِ المَشرِقِ كَهَيئَتِها مِن قِبَلِ المَغرِبِ عِندَ العَصرِ قامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يُمهِلُ حَتَّى إذا ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ وحَلَّقَت، وكانَت مِنَ المَشرِقِ كَهَيئَتِها مِنَ المَغرِبِ عِندَ الظُّهرِ قامَ فصَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، يَفصِلُ بَينَ كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ بالتَّسليمِ على المَلائكَةِ المُقَرَّبينَ والنَّبيّينَ ومَن تَبِعَهُم مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ يُمهِلُ حَتَّى إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ صَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ قَبلَ الظُّهرِ، يَفصِلُ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى بَعدَها رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى قَبلَ العَصرِ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، يَفصِلُ بَينَ كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ -[ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه] (^١) - فهَذِه سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً تَطَوُّعُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالنَّهارِ، وقَلَّما يُداوِمُ عَلَيها (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به عاصِمُ بنُ ضَمْرَةَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -. وكانَ عبدُ الله بنُ المُبارَكِ يُضَعِّفُه فيَطعُنُ في رِوايَتِه هذا الحديثَ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1055>بابُ ما جاءَ في صَلاةِ التَّسبيحِ</span>\n\n٤٩٧٩ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) علم عليه في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"المعلَّم عليه ليس في أصل المؤلف\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٦١) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٢٨٦٥).","vol":"5","page":488},{"text":"﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ إملاءً عَلَينا مِن حِفظِه سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ القِنْبارِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِلعباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ: \"يا عباسُ، يا عَمّاه، ألا أُعطيكَ؟ ألا أحبوكَ؟ ألا أُجيزُكَ (^١)؟ ألا أفعَلُ لَكَ عَشْرَ خِصالٍ، إذا أنتَ فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ ذَنبَكَ أوَّلَه وآخِرَه، قَديمَه وحَديثَه، عَمدَه وخَطأَه، سِرَّه وعَلانيَتَه؟ عَشْرَ خِصالٍ؛ أن تُصَلِّىَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ تَبدأُ فتُكَبِّرُ، ثُمَّ تَقرأُ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ، ثُمَّ تَقولُ عِندَ فراغِكَ مِنَ السّورَةِ وأنتَ قائمٌ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، والحَمدُ للهِ، ولا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ واللَّه أكبَرُ، خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ تَركَعُ فتَقولُ وأنتَ راكِعٌ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرفَعُ فتقولُ وأنتَ قائمٌ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَسجُدُ فتقولُ عَشرًا، ثُمَّ تَرفَعُ فتَقولُ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَسجُدُ فتقولُ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرفَعُ فتَقولُ عَشْرًا، فذَلِكَ خَمسٌ وسَبعونَ مَرَّةً في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، إنِ استَطَعتَ أن تُصَلِّىَ كُلَّ يَومٍ مَرَّةً فافعَلْ، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ ففِى كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ مَرَّةً، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ ففِى كُلِّ شَهرٍ مَرَّةً، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ ففِى كُلِّ سنةٍ مَرَّةً، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ ففِى عُمُرِكَ مَرَّةً\" (^٢).\n\n٤٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ النَّيسابورِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أجزيك\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣٩٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٨٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢١٦) عن عبد الرحمن بن بشر به.","vol":"5","page":489},{"text":"وزادَ: \"صَغيرَه وكَبيرَه\" قَبلَ قَولِه \"سِرَّه وعَلانيَتَه\" (^١). وكأَنَّه سَقَطَ علىَّ أو على شَيخِى في الإِملاءِ.\n\n٤٩٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا عباسُ، يا عَمَّ رسولِ اللَّهِ، ألا أُهدِى لَكَ؟ \". فذَكَرَه بمَعناه مُرسَلًا (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ المَشهورينَ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُفيانَ الأُبُلِّىُّ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ أبو حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مالكٍ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ كانَت له صُحبَةٌ - يُرَونَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو - قال (^٤): \"ائتِنِى غَدًا أحبوكَ (^٥) وأُثيبُكَ وأُعطيكَ\". حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّه يُعطينِى عَطيَّةً. قال: \"إذا زالَ النَّهارُ فقُمْ فصَلِّ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ\". فذَكَر نَحوَه. قال: \"ثُمَّ تَرفَعُ رأسَكَ - يَعنِى مِنَ السَّجدَةِ الثانيَةِ - فاستَوِ جالِسًا، ولا تَقُمْ حَتَّى تُسَبِّحَ عَشْرًا، وتَحمَدَ عَشْرًا، [وتُكَبِّرَ عَشْرًا] (^٦)، وتُهَلِّلَ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٩٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٨٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢١٦) عن محمد بن رافع به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٨٢: لكن إبراهيم مجمع على ضعفه، والقنبارى لم يضعف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٣١٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن أبي طالب ومحمد بن إسحاق عن محمد بن رافع به.\n(^٤) يعني النبي - ﷺ - كما عند أبي داود، وينظر قول أبي داود آخر الحديث.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"أجيزك\"، وفى ص ٢: \"أجزك\".\n(^٦) ليس في: ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":490},{"text":"تَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ في الأربَعِ رَكَعاتٍ\". قال: \"فإِنَّكَ لَو كُنتَ أعظَمَ أهلِ الأرضِ ذَنبًا غُفِرَ لَكَ بذَلِكَ\". قُلتُ: فإِن لَم أستَطِعْ أن أُصَلّيَها تِلكَ السّاعَةَ؟ قال: \"صَلِّها مِنَ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه المُستَمِرُّ بنُ الرَّيّانِ عن أبي الجَوزاءِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو مَوقوفًا.\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه أبو جَنابٍ، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَرفوعًا، غَيرَ أنه جَعَلَ التَّسبيحَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مَرَّةً قبلَ القِراءَةِ، وجَعَلَ ما بَعدَ السَّجدَةِ الثّانيَةِ بَعدَ القِراءَةِ (^٢).\nقال أبو داودَ (^٣): ورَواه رَوحُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ النُّكرِىِّ عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قَولَه، وقالَ في حَديثِ رَوحٍ: فقالَ: حَديثُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٤٩٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ رُوَيمٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِجَعفَرٍ. بهَذا الحديثِ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه. ثُمَّ قال في السَّجدَةِ الثّانيَةِ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى كما قال في حَديثِ مَهدِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٩٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٦١١) من طريق أبى جناب به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (١٢٩٨).\n(^٤) قال في عون المعبود ١/ ٥٠١: فقال، أي ابن عباس ﵁: حديث النبي - ﷺ -. أي: هذا حديث النبي - ﷺ -، أي: مرفوعا، ولا أقول لكم من قبل نفسى. وفى بعض النسخ: حُدِّثْتُ عن النبي - ﷺ -. بصيغة المتكلم.","vol":"5","page":491},{"text":"ابنِ مَيمونٍ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1056>بابُ صَلاةِ الاستِخارَةِ</span>\n\n٤٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي المَوالِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُنا الاستِخارَةَ في الأمرِ كما يُعَلِّمُنا السّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ، يقولُ لَنا: \"إذا هَمَّ أحَدُكُم بالأمرِ فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ مِن غَيرِ الفَريضَةِ ثُمَّ ليَقُل (^٢): اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أستَخيرُكَ بعِلمِكَ، وأستَقدِرُكَ بقُدرَتِكَ، وأسألُكَ مِن فضلِكَ العَظيمِ؛ فإِنَّكَ تَعلَمُ ولا أعلمُ، وتَقدِرُ ولا أقدِرُ، وأنتَ عَلامُ الغُيوبِ، اللَّهُمَّ فإِن كُنتَ تَعلَمُ هذا الأمرَ - يُسَمّيه بعَينِه (^٣) الَّذِى يُريدُ - خَيرًا لِى في دينِى ومَعاشِى ومَعادِى وعاقِبَةِ أمرِى، فاقدُرْه لِى، ويَسِّرْه لِى، وبارِكْ لِى فيهِ، اللَّهُمَّ وإِن كُنتَ تَعلَمُه شَرًّا لِى، مِثلَ الأوَّلِ (^٤)، فاصرِفْه عَنِّى، واصرِفْنِى عنه، واقدُرْ لِىَ الخَيرَ حَيثُ كان، ثُمَّ رَضِّنِى (^٥) به\". أو قال: \"في عاجِلِ أمرِى وآجِلِه\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٩٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٥٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"يقول\".\n(^٣) في م: \"ويعينه\".\n(^٤) أي: يقول مثل ما قال في الأول، من قوله: \"في دينى ومعاشى ومعادى وعاقبة أمرى\". عون المعبود ١/ ٥٦٥.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"أرضنى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٣٨) عن القعنبى به. وأحمد (١٤٧٠٧)، والترمذي (٤٨٠)، والنسائي (٣٢٥٣)، وابن ماجه (١٣٨٣)، وابن حبان (٨٨٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبي الموال به.\n(^٧) البخاري (١١٦٢، ٦٣٨٢، ٧٣٩٠).","vol":"5","page":492},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1057>بابُ تَحيَّةِ المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٤٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ قبلَ أن يَجلِسَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٤٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقْرِ بنِ عبدِ المُجيبِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ زُهَيرِ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ الحُلوانِىُّ بحُلوانَ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ، وكانَ امرأً ذا هيئةٍ (^٣)، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا قَتادَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فلا يَجلِسْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٦٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٢٣)، وأبو داود (٤٦٧)، والترمذي (٣١٦)، والنسائى (٧٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١٠١٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٢٦)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧١٤/ ٦٩)، والبخاري (٤٤٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"هيبة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٢٧) من طريق عبد الله بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١١٦٣).","vol":"5","page":493},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1058>بابُ صَلاةِ النّافِلَةِ جَماعَةً</span>\n\n٤٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عِتبانَ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتاه في مَنزِلِه، فلَم يَجلِسْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى قال: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّىَ في بَيتِكَ؟ \" قال: فأَشَرتُ له إلَى المَكانِ. قال: فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وصَفَفْنا (^١) خَلفَه فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ هَكَذا (^٣). زادَ فيه غَيرُه عن إبراهيمَ قال: فغَدا علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ بَعدَ ما اشتَدَّ النَّهارُ.\n\n٤٩٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عِتبانَ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جِئتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: قَد أنكَرتُ مِن (^٤) بَصَرِى (^٥)، وإِنَّ السَّيلَ يأتِى فيَحولُ بَينِى وبَينَ مَسجِدِ قَومِى، فإِن رأَيتَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيكَ أن تأتِىَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"صفنا\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٠٣٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٤).\n(^٤) ليس في: س.\n(^٥) قال ابن حجر: هذا اللفظ يطلق على من في بصره سوء وإن كان يبصر بصرًا ما، وعلى من صار أعمى لا يبصر شيئًا. ينظر فتح الباري ٢/ ٨٣.","vol":"5","page":494},{"text":"فتُصَلِّىَ في بَيتِى مَكانًا أتَّخِذُه مُصَلًّى؟ فقالَ: \"أفعَلُ\". فغَدا علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ بَعدَ ما اشتَدَّ النَّهارُ، فاستأذَنَ فأَذِنتُ لَه، فلَم يَجلِسْ حَتَّى قال: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّىَ لَكَ مِن (^١) بَيتِكَ؟ \". فأَشَرتُ له إلَى المَكانِ الَّذِى أُحِبُّ أن يُصَلِّىَ فيه، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَبَّرَ وصَفَفْنا خَلفَه وصَلَّى لَنا رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبيه أطوَلَ مِن هذا، وذَكَرَ فيه هذه الألفاظَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أتانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وما هو إلَّا أنا وأُمِّى وخالَتِى أُمُّ حَرامٍ فقالَ: \"قوموا فلأُصَلِّىَ لكم (^٤) \". وذاكَ في غَيرِ وقتِ الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ لِثابِتٍ: فأَينَ جَعَلَ أنَسًا؟ قال: عن يَمينِه. قال: فدَعا لَنا أهلَ البَيتِ بكُلِّ خَيرٍ مِن خَيرِ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ، فقالَت أُمِّى: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، خُوَيدِمُكَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"في\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٥٤) من طريق محمد بن عثمان به. وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٩) من طريق سليمان بن داود عن إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٨٥، ١١٨٦)، ومسلم (٣٣/ ٢٦٣ - ٢٦٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"بكم\".","vol":"5","page":495},{"text":"ادعُ اللهَ له. فدَعا لِى (^١) بكُلِّ خَيرٍ، فكانَ آخِرَ ما دَعا لِى: \"اللَّهُمَّ أكثِرْ مالَه ووَلَدَه وبارِكْ له فيهِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبي النَّضرِ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ ويَعقوبُ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بِتُّ عِندَ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ، فقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ. يَعنِى: فقُمتُ أُصَلِّى مَعَه، فقُمتُ عن يَسارِه، فأَخَذَ برأسِى فأَقامَنِى عن يَمينِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوّينا في قيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ عن عائشةَ وغَيرِها ما دَلَّ على جَوازِ النّافِلَةِ بالجَماعَةِ. وَعَن أبى ذَرٍّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على استِحبابِها (^٦)، وعن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وحُذَيفَةَ في قيامِهما (^٧) مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ. ورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"له\".\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٥٢٢٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٦٠/ ٢٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٨٠٥) عن يعقوب به، وابن حبان (٢١٩٦) من طريق أبى الأشعث به. وأحمد (٣٣٨٩) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به. وقد تقدم في (٤٥٦٧) من طريق أخرى عن سعيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٩٩).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٦٧١).\n(^٧) في م: \"قيامها\".\nوالحديث تقدم في (٢٥٨٩، ٤٧٤٦).","vol":"5","page":496},{"text":"ابنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِن فِعلِه ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^١). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٦٦٤ - ٤٦٦٦).","vol":"5","page":497},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1059>جِماعُ أبوابِ فضلِ الجَماعَةِ والعُذرِ بتَركِها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1060>بابُ فرضِ الجَماعَةِ في غَيرِ الجُمُعَةِ على الكِفايَةِ</span>\n\n٤٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ واللَّفظُ له قال: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ يَعنِى ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ قال: أتَينا (^١) رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقارِبونَ، فأَقَمنا عِندَه عِشرينَ لَيلَةً. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَحيمًا رَفيقًا (^٢)، فظَنَّ أنّا (^٣) قَدِ اشتَقنا أهلَنا، فسأَلَنا عَمَّن تَرَكْنا مِن أهلِنا، فأَخبَرناه فقالَ: \"ارجِعوا إلَى أهليكُم فأقيموا عِندَهُم، وعَلِّموهُم ومُروهُم، فإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم أحَدُكُم ولَيَؤُمَّكُم أكبَرُكُم\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٥).\n\n٤٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا السّائبُ بنُ حُبَيشٍ الكَلاعِىُّ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ اليَعمَرِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"أتيت\".\n(^٢) في س: \"رقيقا\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"أن\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٢٨، ٢٣٠١).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٠٠٨)، ومسلم (٦٧٤/ ٢٩٢).","vol":"5","page":498},{"text":"قال: قال لِى أبو الدَّرداءِ: أينَ مَسكَنُكَ؟ فقُلتُ: في خَربَةٍ دُوَينَ (^١) حِمصَ. فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن ثَلاثةٍ في قَريَةٍ ولا بَدوٍ لا تُقامُ فيهِمُ الصَّلاةُ إلا قَدِ استَحوَذَ عَلَيهِمُ الشَّيطانُ، فعَلَيكَ بالجَماعَةِ، فإِنَّما يأكُلُ الذِّئبُ القاصيَةَ\". قال السّائبُ: يَعنِى بالجَماعَةِ الجَماعَةَ في الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1061>بابُ ما جاءَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ في تَركِ الجَماعَةِ مِن غَيِر عُذرٍ</span>\n\n٤٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ (^٣) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ هو القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِهِ لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ بحَطَبٍ فيُحتطَبَ (^٤)، ثُمَّ آمُرَ بالصَّلاةِ فيُؤَذَّنَ لها، ثُمَّ آمُرَ رجُلًا فيَؤُمَّ النّاسَ، ثُمَّ أُخالِفَ إلَى رِجالٍ فأُحَرِّقَ عَلَيهِم بُيوتَهُم، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو يَعلَمُ أحَدُهُم أنَّه يَجِدُ عَظمًا سَمينًا، أو مِرْماتَينِ (^٥) حَسَنَتَينِ لَشَهِدَ العِشاءَ\" (^٦). لَفظُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"دون\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧١٠)، وأبو داود (٥٤٧)، والنسائي (٨٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٠١) من طريق زائدة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"وأبو زكريا ابن أبي إسحاق وأبو بكر ابن الحسن القاضي\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فيحطب\".\n(^٥) مرماتان: تثنية مرماة بكسر الميم، وقيل بفتحها. وهو ظلف الشاة - ظفرها المشقوق - أو هو ما بين ظلفيها من اللحم. وقيل فيها غير ذلك. ينظر فتح الباري ٢/ ١٢٩، ١٣٠.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٢٦)، والشافعي في المسند (٢٩٥)، ومالك ١/ ١٢٩، ومن طريقه =","vol":"5","page":499},{"text":"حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وابنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^١).\n\n٤٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدَّهّانُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أثقَلَ الصَّلاةِ على المُنافِقينَ صَلاةُ العِشاءِ وصَلاةُ الفَجرِ، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فيهِما لأتَوهُما ولَو حَبْوًا، ولَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ بالصَّلاةِ فتُقامَ، ثُمَّ آمُرَ رَجُلًا فيُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ، ثُمَّ أنطَلِقَ مَعِى برِجالٍ مَعَهُم حُزَمُ الحَطَبِ، ثُمَّ أُخالِفَ إلَى قَومٍ لا يَشهَدونَ الصَّلاةَ فأُحَرِّقَ عَلَيهِم بُيوتَهُم بالنّارِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n_________\n= النسائي (٨٤٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨١) من طريق سفيان عن أبي الزناد به.\n(^١) البخاري (٦٤٤، ٧٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٦٥١/ ٢٥١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٥٣)، ومجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر الرزاز (٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٨٦)، وأبو داود (٥٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٩١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨٤)، وابن حبان (٢٠٩٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٥١/ ٢٥٢)، والبخاري (٦٥٧).","vol":"5","page":500},{"text":"٤٩٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِى [نَفسُ محمدٍ] (^١) بيَدِه، لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ فِتيانِى أن يَستَعِدّوا لِى حُزَمًا مِن حَطَبٍ، ثُمَّ آمُرَ رَجُلًا (^٢) يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، ثُمَّ أُحَرِّقَ بُيوتًا على مَن فيها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٤٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن يَزيدَ الأصَمِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ بالصَّلاةِ فتُقامَ، ثُمَّ آمُرَ بفِتيانٍ مَعَهُم حُزَمُ الحَطَبِ وأُحَرِّقَ على قَومٍ دورَهُم يَسمَعونَ النِّداءَ ثُمَّ لا يأتونَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ (^٦).\n\n٤٩٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيل بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"نفسى\".\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"أن\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٤)، وعنه أحمد (٨١٤٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٥١/ ٢٣٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٠١)، والترمذي (٢١٧) من طريق جعفر بن برقان به، وأبو داود (٥٤٩) من طريق يزيد الأصم به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٥١/. . .).","vol":"5","page":501},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن يَزيدَ الأصَمِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ فِتيانِى أن يَجمَعوا حُزَمًا مِن حَطَبٍ، ثُمَّ أنطَلِقَ فأُحَرِّقَ على قَومٍ بُيوتَهُم لا يَشهَدونَ الجُمُعَةَ\" (^١). كَذا قال: \"الجُمُعَةَ\". وكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن أبي الأحوَصِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. والَّذِى يَدُلُّ عَلَيه سائرُ الرِّواياتِ أنَّه عَبَّرَ بالجُمُعَةِ عن الجَماعَةِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٤٩٩٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال لِقَومٍ يَتَخَلَّفونَ عن الجُمُعَةِ: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ أو لِلنّاسِ، ثُمَّ يُحَرَّقَ على رِجالٍ يَتَخَلَّفونَ عن الجُمُعَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n٤٩٩٩ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الأصَمِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ فِتيَتِى فيَجمَعوا حُزَمًا مِن حَطَبٍ، ثُمَّ آتِىَ قَومًا يُصَلّونَ في بُيوتِهِم لَيسَت بهِم عِلَّةٌ، فأُحَرِّقَها عَلَيهِم\". قُلتُ ليَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ: يا أبا عَوفٍ الجُمُعَةَ عَنَى أو غَيرَها؟\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٦)، ولم يسق لفظه وأحال على ما قبله، وليس فيه ذكر الجمعة.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨١٦، ٤٠٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٥٣) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتي في (٥٦٤٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٥٢).","vol":"5","page":502},{"text":"فقالَ: صُمَّتا أُذُناىَ إن لَم أكُنْ سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يأثُرُه (^١) عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ما ذَكَرَ جُمُعَةً ولا غَيرَها (^٢).\n\n٥٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُهاجِرِ، عن أبي الشَّعثاءِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ أبي هريرةَ في المَسجِدِ، فنادَى المُنادِى بالعَصرِ، فخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: أمّا هذا فقَد عَصَى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٥٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهانِ قالا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ المُحارِبِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: كان أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - جالِسًا في المَسجِدِ، فرأَى رَجُلًا يَجتازُ بالمَسجِدِ (^٤) بَعدَ الأذانِ فقالَ: أمّا هذا فقَد عَصَى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) يأثره: يرويه. عون المعبود ١/ ٢٥١\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٤٩)، وينظر ما تقدم (٤٩٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٩٥)، وأبو داود (٥٣٦)، والترمذي (٢٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٩٣١٥)، ومسلم (٦٥٥/ ٢٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن المهاجر به.\n(^٤) في م: \"في المسجد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٦٨٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٥٥/ ٢٥٩).","vol":"5","page":503},{"text":"٥٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَرمَلَةَ الأسلَمِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَخرُجُ أحَدٌ مِنَ المسجِدِ بعدَ النِّداءِ إلا مُنافِقٌ، إلا رَجُلٌ يَخرُجُ لحاجَتِه وهو يُريدُ الرَّجعَةَ إلَى المَسجِدِ\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا قُرادٌ أبو نوحٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له إلا مِن عُذرٍ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ (^٣)، ورَواه الجَماعَةُ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤) مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥)، ورَواه مَغراءُ العَبدِىُّ عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٦) عن سفيان به مطولًا. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٥) من طريق ابن حرملة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٥. وجمع معه طريق هشيم، ثم قال: هذا حديث قد أوقفه غندر وأكثر أصحاب شعبة، وهو صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه، وهشيم وقراد أبو نوح ثقتان فإذا وصلاه فالقول فيه قولهما.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٥٦٥٢).\n(^٤) في م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٨٠) عن وكيع، والبغوى في الجعديات (٤٨٣) كلاهما - وكيع وعلى بن الجعد - عن شعبة به موقوفًا.","vol":"5","page":504},{"text":"مَرفوعًا (^١)، ورُوِىَ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ مُسنَدًا ومَوقوفًا (^٢)، والمَوقوفُ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلَم يُرِدْ خَيرًا و(^٣) لَم يُرَدْ بهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا أبو حَيّانَ التَّيمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لا صَلاةَ لجارِ المَسجِدِ إلَّا في المَسجِدِ.\n\n٥٠٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو حَيّانَ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لا صَلاةَ لجارِ المسجِدِ إلَّا في المسجِدِ. فقيلَ له: ومَن جارُ المسجِدِ؟ قال: مَن\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٥١١٣، ٥٧٠٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٥٦٥٦ - ٥٦٥٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"أو\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٨) من طريق مسعر بدون ذكر عدى، وعبد الرزاق (١٩١٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٨٢) من طريق منصور عن عدى به. وذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٣٣ عن منصور، وذكر حديث ابن عباس قبله موقوفًا، ثم قال: ورفع بعضهم ولا يصح.","vol":"5","page":505},{"text":"أسمَعَه المُنادِى (^١).\n\n٥٠٠٧ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ مِن جيرانِ المَسجِدِ وهو صَحيحٌ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ لَه (^٢). وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا وهو ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٥٠٠٨ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ اليَمامِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا صَلاةَ لجارِ المَسجِدِ إلا في المسجِدِ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن عَمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ أعمَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّه لَيسَ لِى قائدٌ يَقودُنِى إلَى الصَّلاةِ. فسأَلَه أن يُرَخِّصَ له في بَيتِه فأَذِنَ له، فلَمّا ولَّى دَعاه فقالَ له: \"هَل تَسمَعُ النِّداءَ بالصَّلاةِ؟ \". فقالَ له: نَعَم. قال: \"فأجِبْ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٥) عن الثوري وابن عيينة، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٨٥) عن هشيم، ثلاثتهم عن أبى حيان به. وسيأتي في (٥٦٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٦) عن الثوري به، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٢٠ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٦، وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٢٠ من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٨٨: اليمامى ضعفوه.\n(^٤) مسند إسحاق (٣١٣)، وعنه النسائي (٨٤٩).","vol":"5","page":506},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٠١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ حاتِمٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدٍ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعمَى (^٢) أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي أسمَعُ النِّداءَ، ولَعَلِّى لا أجِدُ قائدًا، أفأَتَّخِذُ مَسجِدًا في دارِى؟ فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَسمَعُ النِّداءَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"إذا سَمِعتَ النِّداءَ فاخرُجْ\" (^٣).\nخالَفَه أبو عبدِ الرَّحيمِ فرَواه عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ قال: جِئتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي كَبيرٌ ضَريرٌ شاسِعُ الدّارِ (^٥)، ولِى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٥٣/ ٢٥٥).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ١٣٩ (٣٠٥) من طريق زيد بن أبي أنيسة عن عدى بن ثابت، عن عبد الله بن معقل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٤٣١) من طريق أبى عبد الرحيم به، وفيه: عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى، بدل: \"عبد الله بن معقل\". قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٤٢: رواه الطبراني في الأوسط والكبير وفيه يزيد بن سنان، ضعفه أحمد وجماعة، وقال أبو حاتم: محله الصدق. وقال البخاري: مقارب الحديث.\n(^٥) شاسع الدار: بعيدها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٨.","vol":"5","page":507},{"text":"قائدٌ لا يُلاوِمُنِى (^١)، فهَل تَجِدُ لِى رُخصَةً أن أُصَلِّىَ في بَيتِى؟ قال: \"أتَسمَعُ النِّداءَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ما أجدُ لَكَ رُخصَةً\".\n\n٥٠١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ، أنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ سأَلَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -. الحديث (^٢).\nورَواه أبو سِنانٍ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ عن أبي رَزينٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٠١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَمّارٍ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا قاسِمُ بنُ يَزيدَ الجَرْمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أبي الزَّرقاءِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ المدينَةَ كَثيرَةُ الهَوامِّ (^٤) والسِّباعِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَسمَعُ حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ؟ فحَىَّ هَلًا (^٥) \" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن الأثير: كذا جاء في رواية بالواو، وأصله الهمز من الملاءمة وهى الموافقة. النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٥٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٥٢) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٥٤٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٧٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨٠) من طريق عاصم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٩٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٠٨٩) من طريق أبى سنان به.\n(^٤) الهوام: أي المؤذيات من العقارب والحيات. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ٢١٧.\n(^٥) فحىَّ هلًا: قال الطيبي: كلمة حث واستعجال وضعت موضع: أجب. عون المعبود ١/ ٢١٧.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٥٥٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٨٥٠) عن هارون بن زيد به، وجمع معه طريق قاسم بن يزيد. وابن خزيمة (١٤٧٨) من طريق زيد بن أبي الزرقاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١٧).","vol":"5","page":508},{"text":"قال لَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ: قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ: لَيسَ في أمرِه هذا الأعمَى بحُضورِ الجَماعَةِ ما يَدُلُّ على أنَّ حُضورَها فرضٌ؛ لأنَّه قَد رَخَّصَ لِعِتبانَ بنِ مالكٍ وهو أعمَى التَّخَلُّفَ عن حُضورِها، فَدَلَّ على أنَّ قَولَه: \"لا أجِدُ لَكَ رُخصَةً\". أي: لا أجِدُ لَكَ رُخصَةً تَلحَقُ فضيلَةَ مَن حَضرَها.\nقال الشيخُ: والَّذِى يُؤَكِّدُ هذا التّأويلَ ما:\n\n٥٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ المُطَوِّعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ المُبارَكِىُّ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ الحَنّاطُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ لِى قائدًا لا يَلائمُنِى (^١) في هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ. قال: \"أىُّ الصَّلاتَينِ؟ \". قُلتُ: العِشاءُ والصُّبحُ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَو يَعلَمُ القاعِدُ عَنهُما ما فيهِما لأتَوهُما ولَو حَبوًا\".\nقال الشيخُ: واختَلَفوا في اسمِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ؛ فقيلَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ. وقيلَ: عمرٌو.\n\n٥٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ الحَربِىُّ في مَسجِدِ الحَربيَّةِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو العُمَيسِ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ الأقمَرِ يَذكُرُ عن أبي الأحوَصِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يلاومنى\". وينظر ما تقدم في الصفحة السابقة.","vol":"5","page":509},{"text":"مَسعودٍ: مَن سَرَّه أن يَلقَى الله غَدًا مُسلِمًا فليُحافِظْ على هَؤُلاءِ الصَّلَواتِ حَيثُ يُنادَى بهِنَّ، فإِنَّ اللهَ شَرَعَ لِنَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - سُنَنَ الهُدَى، وإِنَّهُنَّ مِن سُنَنِ الهُدَى، ولَو أنَّكُم صَلَّيتُم في بُيوتِكُم كما يُصَلِّى هذا المُتَخَلِّفُ في بَيتِه لَتَرَكتُم سُنَّةَ نَبيِّكُم، ولَو تَرَكتُم سُنَّةَ نَبيِّكُم لَضلَلتُم، وما مِن رَجُلٍ يَتَطَهَّرُ فيُحسِنُ الطُّهورَ، ثُمَّ يَعمِدُ إلَى مَسجِدٍ مِن هذه المساجِدِ، إلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ له بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ يَخطوها حَسَنَةً، ورَفَعَه (^١) بها دَرَجَةً، وحَطَّ عنه بها سَيِّئَةً، ولَقَد رأَيتُنا وما يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنها إلَّا مُنافِقٌ مَعلومٌ نِفاقُه، ولَقَد كان الرَّجُلُ يُؤتَى به يُهادَى (^٢) بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ حَتَّى يُقامَ في الصَّفِّ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَينَنا وبَينَ المُنافِقينَ شُهودُ العِشاءِ والصُّبحِ، لا يَستطيعونَهُما\". أو نَحوَ هَذا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يرفع\".\n(^٢) أي يمشى بينهما متكئا عليهما، والتهدى المشى الثقيل مع التمايل يمينا وشمالا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٣٦) عن أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (٤٣٥٥)، وأبو داود (٥٥٠)، والنسائي (٨٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨٣) من طريق المسعودى به. وابن ماجه (٧٧٧)، وابن جان (٢١٠٠) من طريق أبى الأحوص به نحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٥٤/ ٢٥٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٢٧)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٤، ومالك ١/ ١٣٠ عن ابن حرملة عن سعيد بن المسيب.","vol":"5","page":510},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فيُشبِهُ ما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن هَمِّه بأَن يُحَرِّقَ على قَومٍ بُيوتَهُم أن يَكونَ (^١) قالَه في قَومٍ تَخَلَّفوا عن صَلاةِ العِشاءِ لِنِفاقٍ (^٢). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن (^٣) نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا إذا فقَدنا الرَّجُلَ في صَلاةِ العِشاءِ والفَجرِ أسأنا به الظَّنَّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1062>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ صَلاةِ الجَماعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٠١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ (^٥) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوجِردِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوجِردِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ أفضَلُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ما\".\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ١٥٤.\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"يحيى عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٨٥)، وابن حبان (٢٠٩٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"وأحمد بن الحسن ويحيى بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى\".","vol":"5","page":511},{"text":"مِن صَلاةِ الفَذِّ بسَبع وعِشرينَ دَرَجَةً\" (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: \"تَفضُلُ صَلاةَ الفَذِّ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٥٠١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ تَفضُلُ صَلاةَ الفَذِّ بسَبعٍ وعِشرينَ دَرَجةً (^٣) \" (^٤).\n\n٥٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ أفضَلُ مِن صَلاةِ أحَدِكُم وحدَه بخَمسَةٍ وعِشرينَ جُزءًا\" (^٥). كَذا رَواه الرَّبيعُ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٣١)، والشافعي في المسند (٢٩٤)، ومالك ١/ ١٢٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٢)، والنسائي (٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٢٠٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٧٩)، والترمذي (٢١٥)، وابن ماجه (٧٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٧١) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٥)، ومسلم (٦٥٠/ ٢٤٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، م.\n(^٤) مشيخة ابن طهمان (١٢٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٣٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٤، وينظر علل الدارقطني ٨/ ٢٢٢ - ٢٢٤، والتمهيد ٤/ ١٥.","vol":"5","page":512},{"text":"الشّافِعِىِّ في كِتابِ الإمامَةِ، ورَواه المُزَنِىُّ وحَرمَلَةُ عن الشّافِعِىِّ عن مالكٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وهو المَشهورُ عن مالكٍ؛ فمِنَ الحُفّاظِ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ الرَّبيعَ واهِمٌ في رِوايَتِه، ومِنهُم مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ رَوَى في \"الموطأ\" عِدَّةَ أحاديثَ رَواها خارِجَ \"الموطأ\" بغَيرِ تِلكَ الأسانيدِ، وهَذا مِن جُملَتِها، فقَد رَواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن مالكٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الرَّبيعِ:\n\n٥٠٢١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِىُّ الثِّقَةُ المأمونُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ (^٢) بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"فضلُ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ في الجَماعَةِ على صَلاتِه وحدَه خَمسَةً وعِشرينَ جُزءًا\" (^٣).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ مالكٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ:\n\n٥٠٢٢ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) السنن المأثورة (٨٢). وينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٢/ ٣٤٠، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٠٥.\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"بن عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٣٤)، من طريقه ابن عساكر ٥١/ ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠.","vol":"5","page":513},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ أفضَلُ مِن صَلاةِ أحَدِكُم وحدَه بخَمسَةٍ وعِشرينَ جُزءًا\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٥٠٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تَفضُلُ صَلاةُ الجَميعِ على صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ وحدَه خَمسَةً وعِشرينَ، وتَجتَمِعُ مَلائكَةُ اللَّيلِ ومَلائكَةُ النَّهارِ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ\". قال أبو هريرةَ: اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا﴾ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٢٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٥)، والترمذي (٢١٦). والنسائي (٨٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٥٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٤٩/ ٢٤٥).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٤٦٨)، وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٨٥) عن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٩/ ٢٤٦).","vol":"5","page":514},{"text":"وقَد رُوّيناه فيما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ وأَبِى سلمةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا أفلَحُ يَعنِى ابنَ حُمَيدٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن سَلمانَ الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ تَعدِلُ خَمسًا (^٣) وعِشرينَ مِن صَلاةِ الفَذِّ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n٥٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَبّابٍ (^٦)، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ تَفضُلُ على صَلاةِ الفَذِّ بخَمسٍ وعِشرينَ درَجَةً\" (^٧). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٢).\n(^٢) الحسن بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن فراس المكي أبو محمد العطار، ذكره ابن عساكر في \"تاريخه\". توفى سنة (٤٢٢ هـ). وذكر ابن الأكفانى أنه مات بمكة. تاريخ دمشق ٦/ ٤٢٦ (ترجمة إبراهيم بن شكر)، والعقد الثمين ٤/ ٦٦.\n(^٣) في م: \"خمسة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٥٥) من طريق أفلح به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٤٩/ ٢٤٧).\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"حبان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٢١، ١١٥٢٩) من طريق ابن الهاد به.","vol":"5","page":515},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n٥٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن عثمانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى العِشاءَ في جَماعَةٍ فهو كَقيامِ نِصفِ لَيلَةٍ، ومَن صَلَّى العِشاءَ والصُّبحَ في جَماعَةٍ فهو كَقيامِ لَيلَةٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: \"ومَن صَلَّى الفَجرَ في جَماعَةٍ كان كَقيامِ لَيلَةٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ. ورَواه أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأسَدِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ، فجَعَلَ قيامَ لَيلَةٍ لِلفَجرِ وحدَها كما رَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ، وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ. وأَخرَجَ مسلمٌ جميعَ ذَلِكَ إلَّا أنَّه أحالَ بالرِّوايَتَينِ؛ رِوايَةِ أبى أحمدَ وعَبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن الثَّورِىِّ، على رِوايَةِ عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٤٦).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩١)، وعنه أبو داود (٥٥٥)، والترمذي (٢٢١)، وابن حبان (٢٠٥٨) من طريق سفيان به. تقدم في (٢٢٠٨) من طريق أبى نعيم.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٥٦).","vol":"5","page":516},{"text":"﵀، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ (^١) بنُ سُلَيمانَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ (^٢)، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ العِشاءِ فتَفَقَّدَ رِجالًا فقالَ: \"أَشَهِدَ فُلانٌ؟ \". قيلَ: لا. ثُمَّ قال: \"أَشَهِدَ فُلانٌ؟ \". [قيلَ: لا. ثُمَّ قال: \"أشَهِدَ فُلانٌ؟ \" (^٣). قالوا: لا. قال: \"إنَّ هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ - يَعنِى صَلاةَ العِشاءِ والفَجرِ - مِن أثقَلِ الصَّلَواتِ على المُنافِقينَ، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فيهِما لأَتَوهُما ولَو حَبوًا، وإنَّ صَلاةَ الرَّجُلِ مَعَ الرَّجُل أزكَى مِن صَلاتِه وحدَه، وصَلاتَه مَعَ الرَّجُلَينِ أزكَى مِن صَلاتِه مَعَ الرَّجُلِ، وما كَثُرَ فهو أحَبُّ إلَى اللهِ، وإِنَّ الصَّفَّ الأوَّلَ على مِثلِ صُفوفِ المَلائكَةِ\" (^٤).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أبي إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ عن أبيه عن أُبَىٍّ (^٥). وقيلَ: عن أبي إسحاقَ عن أبي بَصيرٍ عن أُبَىٍّ (^٦). وقيلَ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٥٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"أحمد\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"نصير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٣) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٦٦، ٢١٢٧٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به مطولًا ومختصرًا، وسيأتي في (٥٠٦٥، ٥٢٥٩).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٥٠٦٦).\n(^٦) سيأتي في (٥٠٦٧).","vol":"5","page":517},{"text":"الحَنظَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن ثَورٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الطّالْقانِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ وثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ سَيفٍ الكَلاعِىِّ، عن قُباثِ بنِ أشيَمَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ رَجُلَينِ يَؤُمُّ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه أزكَى عِندَ اللهِ مِن صَلاة أربَعَةٍ تَترَى (^١)، وصَلاةُ أربَعَةٍ يَؤُمُّهُم أحَدُهُم أزكَى عِندَ اللهِ مِن صَلاةِ ثَمانيَةٍ تَترَى، وصَلاةُ ثَمانيَةٍ يَؤُمُّهُم أحَدُهُم أزكَى عِندَ اللهِ مِن صَلاةِ مِائَةٍ تَترَى\" (^٢). هذا حَديثُ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، وقالَ عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ في رِوايَتِه: عن ثَورٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن قُباثٍ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه البخاريُّ في \"التّاريخِ\"، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن الوَليدِ، عن ثَورٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن قُباثٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1063>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ المشىِ إلَى المسجِدِ لِلصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) تترى: أي متفرقين. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ٣٦ (٧٤) من طريق إسحاق بن راهويه به. وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة (٩١٠) من طريق بشر بن موسى وعنده: عبد الرحمن بن جابر ويزيد بن يزيد عن يونس.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٩٢. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٢: إسناده وسط.","vol":"5","page":518},{"text":"عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فضلُ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ في جَماعَةٍ على صَلاتِه في بَيتِه وصَلاتِه في سوقِه خَمسًا (^١) وعِشرينَ دَرَجَةً، وما مِن رَجُلٍ يتوضأُ فيُحسِنُ الوُضوءَ ثُمَّ يأتِى المَسجِدَ لا يَنهَزُه (^٢) إلا الصَّلاةُ إلا كُتِبَ له بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ دَرَجَةٌ، وحُطَّ عنه خَطيئَةٌ حَتَّى يَدخُلَ المَسجِدَ، فإِذا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ (^٣) كان في صَلاةٍ ما كانَتِ الصَّلاةُ تَحبِسُه، والمَلائكَةُ تُصَلِّى على أحَدِكُم ما دامَ في مَجلِسِه (^٤) الَّذِى صَلَّى فيه: اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْه، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له. ما لَم يُؤذِ فيه، ما لَم يُحدِثْ فيه\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، جَميعًا عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٦).\n\n٥٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ (^٧) المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرّافِقِىُّ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ بنِ هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا زَكَريّا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"خمسة\".\n(^٢) لا ينهزه: أي لا ينهضه، ولا يدفعه. ينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٣٤١، والنهاية ٥/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٤) في م: \"مسجده\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣٠)، وأبو داود (٥٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٧٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٩٠)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٣) من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا ومطولًا.\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٧٧)، ومسلم ١/ ٤٥٩ (٦٤٩/ ٢٧٢).\n(^٧) في س، م: \"لطيف\".","vol":"5","page":519},{"text":"ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ (^١) الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَطَهَّرَ في بَيتِه ثُمَّ مَشَى إلَى بَيتٍ مِن بُيوتِ اللهِ تَعالَى، فيَقضِى فريضَةً مِن فرائضِ اللَّهِ، كانَت خُطواتُه إحداهُما تَحُطُّ خَطيئَةً، والأُخرَى تَرفَعُ دَرَجَةً\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحافظِ والقاضِى، وفِي رِوايَةِ المِصرِىِّ: \"يُؤَدِّى فريضَةً مِن فرائضِ اللَّهِ، كانَت خُطوَتاه إحداهُما تَحُطُّ عنه خَطيئَةً، والأُخرَى تَرفَعُ له بها دَرَجَةً\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن زَكَريّا بنِ عَدِىٍّ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، أخبرَنِى الأسوَدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"حينَ يَخرُجُ أحَدُكُم مِن بَيتِه إلَى مَسجِدِه، فرِجلٌ تَكتُبُ حَسَنَةً، وأُخرَى تَمحو سَيِّئَةً\" (^٤).\n\n٥٠٣٣ - [أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ، و] (^٥) أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حاتم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٢٠١)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٠٤٤)، من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٦٦/ ٢٨٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٥٧)، والناس (٧٠٤)، وابن حبان (١٦٢٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٥) زيادة من: م. ومثبت في حاشية \"ن\" وكتب فوقها: \"ضرب عليه في أصل المصنف\".","vol":"5","page":520},{"text":"النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا أدُلُّكُم على ما يَمحو اللهُ به الخَطايا ويَرفَعُ به الدَّرَجاتِ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"إسباغُ الوُضوءِ على المَكارِه، وكَثرَةُ الخُطا إلَى المَساجِدِ، وانتِظارُ الصَّلاةِ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ، فذَلِكُمُ الرِّباطُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه (^٢).\n\n٥٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن غَدا إلَى المَسجِدِ وراحَ أعَدَّ اللهُ له في الجَنَّةِ نُزُلًا (^٣) كُلَّما غَدا أو (^٤) راحَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به، وتقدم في (٣٨٧) من طريق مالك.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥١/ ٤١).\n(^٣) النُّزُل: ما يهيأ للضيف عند قدومه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١٧٠.\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"و\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٩٦)، وابن حبان (٢٠٣٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٦٢)، ومسلم (٦٦٩/ ٢٨٥).","vol":"5","page":521},{"text":"٥٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وبَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أرأيتُم لَو أن نَهَرًا ببابِ أحَدِكُم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه كُلَّ يَومٍ خَمْسَ مَرّاتٍ، هَل يَبقَى مِن دَرَنِه شَئٌ؟ \". أظُنُّه قال: قالوا: لا يَبقَى مِن دَرَنِه شَئٌ. قالَ: \"فذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ، يَمحو اللهُ بهِنَّ الخَطايا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: \"كَذَلِكَ الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ يُذهِبنَ الخَطايا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ البَغدادِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧١٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٨)، ومسلم (٦٦٧/ ٢٨٣).","vol":"5","page":522},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَثَلُ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ كَمَثَلِ نَهرٍ جارٍ يَمُرُّ (^١) على بابِ أحَدِكُم يَغتَسِلُ مِنه كُلَّ يَومٍ خَمسَ مَرّاتٍ\" (^٢). قال: قال الحَسَنُ: وما يُبقِى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ؟ لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ، وفِي حَديثِ يَعلَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ أدرَجَ في الحديثِ: فماذا يَبقَى مِن دَرَنِهِ؟ رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الحارِثِ، عن القاسِمِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِه مُتَطَهِّرًا إلَى صَلاةٍ مَكتوبَةٍ فأجرُه كأجرِ الحاجِّ المُحرِمِ، ومَن خَرَجَ إلَى تَسبيحِ الضُّحَى لا يُنصِبُه إلا إيّاه فأجرُه كأجرِ المُعتَمِرِ، وصَلاةٌ على إثرِ صَلاةٍ لا لَغوَ بَينَهُما كِتابٌ في عِليّينَ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي عُشَّانَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إذا تَطَهَّرَ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ مَرَّ إلَى المَسجِدِ يَرعَى الصَّلاةَ كَتَبَ له [كاتِبُه أو] (^٥) كاتِباه بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ يَخطوها إلَى المَسجِدِ عَشْرَ حَسَناتٍ، والقاعِدُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٠٥، ١٤٤٠٨) عن أبي معاوية به. وابن حبان (١٧٢٥) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٦٨/ ٢٨٤).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن الحارث به بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٢٢).\n(^٥) ليس في: م.","vol":"5","page":523},{"text":"يَرعَى الصَّلاةَ كالقانِتِ، ويُكتَبُ مِنَ المُصَلّينَ مِن حينِ يَخرُجُ مِن بَيتِه حَتَّى يَرجِعَ\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَلَبِىُّ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ الشّيرازِىُّ وكانَ ثِقَةً، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ يُثنِى عَلَيه، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ التَّميمِىُّ وأبو غَسّانَ المَدَنِىُّ (^٢)، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَشِّرِ المَشّائينَ في الظُّلَمِ إلَى المَساجِدِ بالنّورِ التّامِّ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٠٤٠ - [وحَدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو الطّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قال: حَدَّثَنِى داودُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ مُؤَذِّنُ مَسجِدِ ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ أسلَمَ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَس بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَشِّرِ المَشّائينَ في ظُلَمِ اللَّيلِ إلَى المَساجِدِ بالنّورِ التّامِّ يَومَ القيامَةِ] (^٤) \" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٩٢)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٧٤٤٠) من طريق أبى عشانة به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٤: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: المديني\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤٧٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٢، ووقع عنده: إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وابن خزيمة (١٤٩٨، ١٤٩٩)، وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٨٠) عن إبراهيم بن محمد الحلبى. بدون ذكر أبى غسان المدنى.\n(^٤) زيادة من: م.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٠٢). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢١٢ من طريق داود بن سليمان به، وقال: رواية مجهولة. وابن ماجه (٧٨١) من طريق سليمان بن مسلم به.","vol":"5","page":524},{"text":"٥٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ الكَحّالُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَشِّرِ المَشّائينَ في الظُّلَمِ إلَى المَساجِدِ بالنّورِ التّامِّ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^٢) مِن حَديثِ الكَحّالِ.\n\n٥٠٤٢ - [وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدان، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمد بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللِه بنِ المُثَنَّى الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ الكَحّالُ نَحوَه] (^٣)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1064>بابُ فضلِ بُعدِ المَمشَى إلَى المَسجِدِ، وما جاءَ في احتِسابِ الآثارِ</span>\n\n٥٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى بُرَيدُ (^٤) بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن جَدِّه أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ النّاسِ أجرًا في الصَّلاةِ أبعَدُهُم إلَيها مَمشًى فأبعَدُهُم، والَّذِى يَنتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى يُصَلّيَها مَعَ الإمامِ في جَماعَةٍ أعظَمُ أجرًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٢٣) من طريق إسماعيل الكحال به وقال: غريب. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٤: إسماعيل بن سليمان بصرى، ما ضعف.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٦١).\n(^٣) زيادة من: م، وجاءت فيها قبل حديث أنس بن مالك المتقدم، وهو طريق لحديث بريدة فألحقناه به.\nوهو عند المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٠٣) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، م: \"يزيد\".","vol":"5","page":525},{"text":"مِنَ الَّذِى يُصَلّيها ثُمَّ يَنامُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ، [ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ] (^٢) وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ (^٤) التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رَجُلٌ ما أعلَمُ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ مِمَّن يُصَلِّى القِبلَةَ أبعَدَ مَنزِلًا مِن المَسجِدِ مِنه، فكانَ يَحضرُ الصَّلَواتِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فقيلَ له: لَوِ اشتَرَيتَ حِمارًا فرَكِبتَه في الرَّمضاءِ والظَّلماءِ؟ فقالَ: واللهِ ما أُحِبُّ أنَّ مَنزِلِى بلِزْقِ (^٥) المَسجِدِ. فأُخبِرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ، فسأَلَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَيما يُكتَبَ أثَرِى وخُطاىَ، ورُجوعِى إلَى أهلِى، وإِقبالِى وإِدبارِى. أو كما قال. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنطاكَ (^٦) اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّه، وأعطاكَ ما احتَسَبتَ أجمَعَ\" (^٧). أو كما قالَ. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٠١) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٥١)، ومسلم (٦٦٢/ ٢٧٧).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"إسماعيل\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"يلزق\".\n(^٦) هو لغة أهل اليمن في: أعطى. النهاية ٥/ ٧٦.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٢١٤)، وأبو داود (٥٥٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٠، ٢٠٤١) من طريق سليمان اليمى به. وأحمد (٢١٢١٧)، وابن ماجه (٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥٠) من طريق أبى عثمان به.\n(^٨) مسلم (٦٦٣/ ٢٧٨، ...).","vol":"5","page":526},{"text":"٥٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ بَنِى سَلِمَةَ أرادوا أن يَتَحَوَّلوا عن مَنازِلِهِم فيَدنوا مِنَ المَسجِدِ، فكَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُعرَى (^١) المَدينَةُ فقالَ: \"يا بَنِى سَلِمَةَ ألا تَحتَسِبونَ آثارَكُم؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. فأَقاموا (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، سَمِعتُ كَهمَسًا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أرادَ بَنو سَلِمَةَ أن يَتَحَوَّلوا قُربَ (^٤) المَسجِدِ والبِقاعُ خاليَةٌ. قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا بَنِى سَلِمَةَ ديارَكُم فإِنَّما تُكتَبُ آثارُكُم\". قال: فأَقاموا، وقالوا: ما يَسُرُّنا أنّا كُنّا تَحَوَّلنا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عاصِمِ بنِ النَّضرِ عن المُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٦).\n\n٥٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تعرى: تُخَلَّى فتترك عراءً، والعراء: القضاء من الأرض الخالى الذي لا يستره شيء. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٧٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٧٨٤) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٥٥، ٦٥٦، ١٨٨٧).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٢: \"من\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٤٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٠٤٢) من طريق أبى نضرة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٦٥/ ٢٨١).","vol":"5","page":527},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الأبعَدُ فالأبعَدُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ أعظَمُ أجرًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1065>بابُ فضلِ المساجِدِ، وفَضلِ عِمارَتِها بالصَّلاةِ فيها وانتِظارِ الصَّلاةِ فيها</span>\n\n٥٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الحارِثُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مِهرانَ مَولَى أبي هريرةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أحَبُّ البِلادِ إلَى اللَّهِ مَساجِدُها، وأبغَضُ البِلادِ إلَى اللَّهِ أسواقُها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ موسَى الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الطالْقانِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٥٦) عن مسدد به، وأحمد (٩٥٣١) عن يحيى به، وابن ماجه (٧٨٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٥: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٢٩٣)، وابن حبان (١٦٠٠) من طريق أنس بن عياض به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٧١).","vol":"5","page":528},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أىُّ البِقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"لا أدرِى\". فقالَ: أىُّ البِقاعِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"لا أدرِى\". قال: فأَتاه جِبريلُ ﵇، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا جِبريلُ أىُّ البقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ \". قال: لا أدرِى. قال: \"أىُّ البِقاعِ شرٌّ؟ \". قال: لا أدرِى. قال: \"سَلْ رَبَّكَ\". قال: فانتَفضَ جِبريلُ انتِفاضَةً كادَ يَصعَقُ مِنها محمدٌ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: ما أسأَلُه عن شَئٍ. فَقالَ اللَّهُ سُبحانَه لِجِبريلَ ﵇: \"سأَلَكَ محمدٌ: أىُّ البِقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ فقُلتَ: لا أدرِى. وسألَكَ: أىُّ البِقاعِ شَرٌّ؟ فقُلتَ: لا أدرِى. فأَخبِرْه أنَّ خَيرَ البِقاعِ المَساجِدُ، وأَنَّ شَرَّ البِقاعِ الأسواقُ\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بشرٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقيلٍ البَيهَقىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَزالُ أحَدُكُم في صَلاةٍ ما دامَتِ الصَّلاةُ تَحبِسُه، لا يَمنَعُه أن يَنقَلِبَ إلَى أهلِه إلا الصَّلاةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٥٠٥١ - حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٩٠ عن أبي حفص عمر بن محمد به. وابن حبان (١٥٩٩) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٦: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٦٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٨)، وأبو داود (٤٧٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٥٩)، ومسلم (٦٤٩/ ٢٧٥).","vol":"5","page":529},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ إملاءً مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ قال: انتَظَرْنا الحَسَنَ فراثَ (^١) عَلَينا، فجاءَ وقالَ: دَعانا جيرانُنا هَؤُلاءِ. ثُمَّ قال: قال أنَسٌ: انتَظَرْنا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ حَتَّى كان شَطرُ اللَّيلِ فبَلَغَه، فجاءَ فصَلَّى لَنا ثُمَّ خَطَبَنا فقالَ: \"ألا إنَّ النّاسَ قَد صَلَّوْا ورَقَدوا، وإِنَّكم لَن تَزالوا في صَلاةٍ ما انتَظَرتُمُ الصَّلاةَ\". قال الحَسَنُ: وإِنَّ القَومَ لَن يَزالوا في خَيرٍ ما انتَظَروا الخَيرَ. قال قُرَّةُ: هو مِن حَديثِ أنَسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٥٢ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ حَليمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيمونٍ الصّائغُ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُوَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"سَبعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ في ظِلِّه يَومَ لا ظلَّ إلا ظِلُّه؛ إمامٌ عادِلٌ، وشابٌّ نَشأ في عِبادَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ورَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ في خَلاءٍ ففاضَت عَيناه،\n_________\n(^١) راث: أبطأ. النهاية ٢/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠٣٣) من طريق عبد الله بن الصباح به، وآخره عنده من قول أنس لا من قول الحسن.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٠٠).","vol":"5","page":530},{"text":"ورَجُلٌ كان قَلبُه مُعَلَّقًا [في المَسجِدِ] (^١)، ورَجُلانِ تَحابّا في اللَّهِ، ورَجُلٌ دَعَته امرأةٌ ذاتُ مَنصِبٍ (^٢) وجَمالٍ إلَى نَفسِها فقالَ: إنِّي أخافُ اللَّهَ. ورَجُلٌ تَصدَّقَ بصَدَقَةٍ فأخفاها حَتَّى لَم تَعلَمْ شِمالُه مما صَنَعَت يَمينُه\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ. قال: وأخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا أصبَغُ بن الفَرَجِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن دَرّاجٍ، حَدَّثَه عن أبي الهَيثَمِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأيتُمُ الرَّجُلَ يَعتادُ المَسجِدَ (^٥) فاشهَدوا عَلَيه بالإيمانِ، قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ \" (^٦) [التوبة: ١٨].\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"بالمسجد\"، وفي م: \"في المساجد\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٢: \"حسن\".\n(^٣) ابن المبارك في الزهد (١٣٤٢)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٣٩٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٨٦). وأحمد (٩٦٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٥٨) من طريق عبيد الله به. والترمذي (٢٣٩١)، وابن حبان (٧٣٣٨) من طريق خبيب به. وسيأتي في (١٦٧٢٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨٠٦)، ومسلم (١٠٣١/ ٩١).\n(^٥) في م: \"المساجد\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٢، ٢١٣، وقال: هذه ترجمة للمصريين لم يختلفوا في صحتها وصدق رواتها غير أن شيخى الصحيح لم يخرجاه. وتعقبه الذهبي بقوله: دراج كثير المناكير. قال ابن حجر في التقريب =","vol":"5","page":531},{"text":"٥٠٥٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا صالِحٌ المُرِّىُّ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ عُمّارَ بُيوتِ اللَّهِ هُم أهلُ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^١). صالِحٌ المُرِّىُّ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا (^٣) أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاتِكَةِ الأزدِىُّ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ هانِئٍ العَنسِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أتَى المَسجِدَ لِشَئٍ فهو حَظُّه\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1066>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى ورَدَ في الأعمَى سَمِعَ النِّداءَ، ومَن لَم يُرَخِّصْ في تَركِ الحُضورِ، ومَن رَخَّصَ فيه في غَيرِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n= ١/ ٢٣٥: صدوق في حديثه عن أبي الهيثم. وقد نقل الذهبي تحسين الترمذي له في المختصر ٢/ ٩٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦٥١)، والترمذي (٢٦١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٢)، وابن حبان (١٧٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به. والترمذي (٣٠٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٨٠٢) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٤٥)، وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٢٨٩) من طريق صالح المرى به.\n(^٢) هو صالح بن بشير بن وادع، أبو بشر المرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٧٣، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٩٥، والضعفاء الكبير ٢/ ١٩٩، والكامل ٤/ ١٣٧٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٨٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ١٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٥٨: ضعيف.\n(^٣) هذا الحديث والذي بعده زيادة من: م. وفي حاشيتها أنهما زيادة من النسخة المصرية.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٣٩٨).","vol":"5","page":532},{"text":"حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ ولَفظُه هذا، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصَمُّ، عن عَمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ أعمَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّه لَيسَ لِى قائدٌ يَقودُنِى إلَى الصَّلاةِ. فسأَلَه أن يُرَخِّصَ له في بَيتِه فأَذِنَ له، فلَمّا ولَّى دَعاه فقالَ له: \"هَل تَسمَعُ النِّداءَ بالصَّلاةِ؟ \". فقالَ له: نَعَم. قال: \"فأجِبْ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وسُوَيدٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1067>بابُ مَن جَمَعَ في بَيتِهِ</span>\n\n٥٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أبي التَّيّاحِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ النّاسِ خُلُقًا، فرُبَّما تَحضُرُه الصَّلاةُ وهو في بَيتِنا، فيأمُرُ بالبِساطِ الَّذِى تَحتَه فيُكنَسُ ثُمَّ يُنضَحُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ فنَقومُ خَلفَه فيُصَلِّى بنا، قال: وكانَ بِساطُهُم مِن جَريدِ النَّخلِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ وأَبِى الرَّبيعِ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٠٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٦٩/ ٢٦٧). وتقدم في (٤٣٣٦).","vol":"5","page":533},{"text":"حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، عن أُمَّ الفَضلِ بنتِ الحارِثِ قالَت: صلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَرَضِه في بَيتِه المَغرِبَ في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا به، قرأَ: ﴿وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ﴾ ما صلَّى بَعدَها صَلاةً حَتَّى قُبِضَ (^١).\n\n٥٠٥٩ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ داودَ. فذَكَرَه] (^٢).\n\n٥٠٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ قالا: أتَينا عبدَ اللَّهِ في دارِه قال: صلَّى هَؤُلاءِ خَلفَكُم؟ قُلنا: لا. فقالَ: قوموا فصَلُّوا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاتِه بهِما. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أنَسٍ في ذَلِكَ في بابِ كَراهيَةِ تأخيرِ العَصرِ (^٤)، وسَنَروِى إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى قَولَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"ولا يُؤَمُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٧١)، والنسائى (٩٨٤) من طريق موسى بن داود به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٩٤٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٢، وهو مثبت في حاشية الأصل، وكتب قبله: \"إجازة\". ثم كتب بعده: \"بخطه: فذكره بمثله، وضرب على الجميع\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٣٤). وتقدم في (١٩٣١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢١١٦).","vol":"5","page":534},{"text":"الرَّجُلُ في بَيتِه إلَّا بإِذنِهِ\" (^١).\n\n٥٠٦١ - وأخبرَنا [أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ و] (^٢) أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِىُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ مَولَى الأنصارِ، أو مَملوكًا، دَعا أبا ذَرٍّ وحُذَيفَةَ وابنَ مَسعودٍ، فلَمّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ تَقَدَّمَ أبو ذَرٍّ لَيُصَلِّىَ بهِم، فقالَ له حُذَيفَةُ: تأَخَّرْ يا أبا ذَرٍّ. فقالَ أبو ذَرٍّ: أكَذاكَ يا ابنَ مَسعودٍ، أو يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: نَعَم. فتأَخَّرَ، قال سُلَيمانُ: يَعنِى أنَّ الرَّجُلَ أحَقُّ ببَيتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن موسَى الصَّغيرِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، أنَّه صَنَعَ طَعامًا فدَعا إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىَّ وإِبراهيمَ التَّيمِىَّ وسَلَمَةَ بنَ كُهَيلٍ وذَرًّا وأُناسًا مِن وُجوهِ القُرّاءِ، فأَمَرَ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىَّ فقَصَّ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلَّوْا في\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (٥٣٥٠، ٥٣٥١، ٥٣٨٤ - ٥٣٨٧) من حديث أبى مسعود البدرى.\n(^٢) ليس في س، ص ٢، وهو مثبت في حاشية الأصل، وكتب قبله: \"إجازة، ضرب عليه في أصل المؤلف\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٤٦)، وحديث محمد بن عبد اللَّه الأنصاري (١٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٨٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٦١٥٧) من طريق أبى نضرة به بنحوه. وسيأتي في (٥٣٨٩).","vol":"5","page":535},{"text":"البيوتِ (^١) في جَماعَةٍ ولَم يَخرُجوا إلَى المَسجِدِ، ثُمَّ جاءَهُم بالطَّعامِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1068>بابُ الاثنَينِ فما فوقَهُما جَماعَةٌ</span>\n\n٥٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فأذِّنا ثُمَّ أقيما، ثُمَّ ليَؤُمَّكُما أكبَرُكُما\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أنا وصاحِبٌ لِى، فلَمّا أرَدنا الإِقفالَ مِن عِندِه قال لَنا: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فأذِّنا ثُمَّ أقيما، وليَؤُمَّكُما أكبَرُكُما\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n٥٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو زَيدٍ سعيدُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٢: \"البيت\". والمثبت من بقية النسخ موافق لما في المهذب ٢/ ٩٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١٠) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وتقدم في (١٨٢٨، ١٩٦٣، ١٩٦٤، ٢٣٠١)، وسيأتي في (٥٣٥٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٥٨، ٦٠٠٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٧٤/ ٢٩٣).","vol":"5","page":536},{"text":"ابنُ الرَّبيعِ وحَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى بَصيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فقالَ: \"أشاهِدٌ فُلانٌ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"أشاهِدٌ فُلانٌ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"إنَّ هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ - يَعنِى العِشاءَ والصُّبحَ - مِن أثقَلِ الصَّلاةِ على المُنافِقينَ، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فيهِما لأتَوْهُما ولَو حَبوًا! والصَّفُّ الأوَّلُ على مِثلِ صَفِّ المَلائكَةِ، ولَو تَعلَمونَ فضيلَتَه لابتَدَرتُموه، وصَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ أزكَى مِن صَلاِته وحدَه، وصَلاتُه مَعَ الرَّجُلَينِ أزكَى مِن صَلاِته مَعَ الرَّجُلِ، وما كَثُرَ فهو أحَبُّ إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^١). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ وإِسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ وجَماعَةٌ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٢).\nورَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ عن أبيه عن أُبَىٍّ:\n\n٥٠٦٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببغدادَ (^٣)، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٤١، والطيالسى (٥٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٦٥)، وأبو داود (٥٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٥٦) من طريق شعبة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١٨).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٠٢٨)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٤٢.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":537},{"text":"زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بَصيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فلَقيتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه خالِدُ بنُ مَيمونٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٦٧ - ورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن أبي بَصيرٍ عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٤).\nورَواه أبو الأحوَصِ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن العَيزارِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ عن أبي بَصيرٍ:\n\n٥٠٦٨ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن العَيزارِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبي بَصيرٍ قال: قال أُبَيٌّ (^٥).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٧٦) من طرق عن زهير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (١٣٠٨)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٤١ من طريق خالد بن ميمون به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٧١) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٥) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٤١. وأخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٧٣) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.","vol":"5","page":538},{"text":"إسحاقَ، فذَكَروا سَماعَ أبى إسحاقَ مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ ومِن أبيهِ:\n\n٥٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ، عن أبيه، قال أبو إسحاقَ: وقَد سَمِعتُه مِنه ومِن أبيه، قال: سَمِعتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ يقولُ: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ يَومًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٥٠٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بَصيرٍ، عن أبيه، قال شُعبَةُ: قال أبو إسحاقَ: قَد سَمِعتُ مِنه ومِن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ: أبو بَصيرٍ وابنُ أبي بَصيرٍ سَمِعا الحديثَ مِن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ جَميعًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٦٧) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به. والنسائي (٨٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٠٥٧) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٤١، ٦٤٢. وفيه: عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ قال: ثنا إبراهيم بدلًا من: أبى. وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن معاذ به.","vol":"5","page":539},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدٍ المَدينِىَّ يقولُ: قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: في رِوايَةِ خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ دِلالَةٌ أنَّ هذه الرِّواياتِ (^١) مَحفوظَةٌ (^٢)؛ مَن قال: عن أبيه (^٣). ومَن لَم يَقُلْ، خَلا حَديثَ أبى الأحوَصِ، ما أدرِى كَيفَ هوَ؟!\n\n٥٠٧١ - [أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، و] (^٤) أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا (^٥): حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأسوَدِ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أبصَرَ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى وحدَه فقالَ: \"ألا رَجُلٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ على هذا فيُصَلِّىَ مَعَه؟ \" (^٦).\n\n٥٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَلُّوسا الأسَداباذِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ هو القَطيعِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الرواية\".\n(^٢) ينظر المستدرك ١/ ٢٤٩، ٢٥٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٥) ليس في س، ص ٢.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٣٩) عن أبي الحسن، وفى الصغرى (٥٨٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٠٩، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٧٤) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به، وابن حبان (٢٣٩٨) من طريق وهيب به. وسيأتي في (٥٠٧٦، ٥٠٧٧).","vol":"5","page":540},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عليٍّ بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَعنِى يَحيَى بنَ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُلَيلَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اثنانِ فما فوقَهُما جَماعَةٌ\" (^١)\nكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عُلَيلَةَ، وهو الرَّبيعُ بنُ بَدرٍ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أيضًا ضَعيفٍ:\n\n٥٠٧٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ (^٣) بنُ يَحيَى الحُجْرِىُّ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ زَرْبِىٍّ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الرَّجُلُ أحَقُّ بصَدرِ دابَّتِه، والرَّجُلُ أحَقُّ بصَدرِ فِراشِه\". و(^٤) قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الاثنانِ جَماعَةٌ، والثَّلاثَةُ جَماعَةٌ، وما كَثُرَ فهو جَماعَةٌ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1069>بابُ مَن خَرَجَ يُريدُ الصَّلاةَ فسُبِقَ بها</span>\n\n٥٠٧٤ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ] (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٦٥) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به. وابن ماجه (٩٧٢) من طريق الربيع بن بدر به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠١٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٤) في م: \"قال\".\n(^٥) أخرج شطره الأخير ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٠٣ من طريق محمد بن الصلت. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ٩٩٩: سعيد ضعفوه.\n(^٦) ليس في: س، ص ٢.","vol":"5","page":541},{"text":"[الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا أبو عِصمَةَ سَهلُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ البخاريُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ] (^١) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ طَحلاءَ، عن مُحْصِنِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عَوفِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأ فأحسَنَ وُضوءَه ثُمَّ راحَ فوَجَدَ النّاسَ قَد صَلَّوا، أعطاه اللَّهُ مِثلَ أجرِ مَن صَلَّاها وحَضَرَها، لا يَنقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِن أجرِهِم شيئًا\" (^٢).\n\n٥٠٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ (^٣) بنُ مُعاذِ بنِ عَبّادٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حَضَرَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ المَوتُ فقالَ: إنِّى مُحَدِّثُكُم حَديثًا ما أُحَدِّثُكُموه إلَّا احتِسابًا، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا تَوَضّأ أحَدُكُم فأحسَنَ الوُضوءَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ، لَم يَرفَعْ قَدَمَه اليُمنَى إلا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ له حَسَنَةً، ولَم يَضَعْ قَدَمَه اليُسرَى إلا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عنه سَيِّئَةً، فليُقَرِّبْ أو ليُبَعِّدْ، فإِن أتَى المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى في جَماعَةٍ غُفِرَ له، وإِن أتَى المَسجِدَ وقَد صَلَّوا بَعضًا وبَقِىَ بَعضٌ، صَلَّى ما أدرَكَ وأتَمَّ ما بَقِىَ، كان كَذَلِكَ، فإِن أتَى المَسجِدَ وقَد صَلَّوا فأتَمَّ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٨٣) عن أبي على الروذبارى، والحاكم ١/ ٢٠٨، ٢٠٩، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأبو داود (٥٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٤٧)، والنسائي (٨٥٤) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٥٢٨).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ وفى أبي داود: \"محمد\". وهو الصواب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤٧٣.","vol":"5","page":542},{"text":"الصَّلاةَ كان كَذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1070>بابُ الجَماعَةِ في مَسجِدٍ قَد صُلِّىَ فيه إذا لَم يَكُنْ فيها تَفَرُّقُ الكَلِمَةِ</span>\n\n٥٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ (^٢) بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الأسوَدُ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ المَسجِدَ وقَد صلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ألا رَجُلٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ على هذا فيُصَلِّىَ مَعَه؟ \" (^٣).\n\n٥٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ وقَد صلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يَتَّجِرُ على هذا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فصَلَّى مَعَه (^٤).\n\n٥٠٧٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٦٣). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٠٠: معبد مجهول.\n(^٢) في م: \"وهب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦١٣) عن عفان به. وتقدم في (٥٠٧١، ٥٠٧٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠١٩)، والترمذي (٢٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٣٩٩) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"5","page":543},{"text":"الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا خَصِيبُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ في هذا الخَبَرِ: فقامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فصَلَّى مَعَه، وقَد كان صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٥٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الصَّمَدِ العَمِّىُّ، حدثنا الجَعدُ أبو عثمانَ اليَشكُرِىُّ قال: صَلَّينا الغَداةَ في مَسجِدِ بَنِى رِفاعَةَ وجَلَسنا، فجاءَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ في نَحوٍ مِن عِشرينَ مِن فِتيانِه فقالَ: أصَلَّيتُم؟ قُلنا: نَعَم. فأَمَرَ بَعضَ فِتيانِه فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى بهِم (^٢).\n\n٥٠٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: جاءَنا أنَسٌ وقَد صَلَّينا، فأَذَّنَ وأَقامَ وصَلَّى بأَصحابِهِ (^٣).\nوعن يونُسَ عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّه كَرِهَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: كَراهيَةُ الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ مَحمولَةٌ على مَوضِعٍ يَكونُ في (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل لأبي داود (٢٧). وتقدم عقب (٣٦٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧١٦٣)، وأبو يعلى (٤٣٥٥) من طرق عن الجعد أبى عثمان بنحوه. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٢/ ٤: رواه أبو يعلى ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٤١٨) عن الثوري، وابن أبي شيبة (٧١٦٢) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) ينظر عبد الرزاق (٣٤٢٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧١٧٦).\n(^٥) ليس في: م.","vol":"5","page":544},{"text":"الجَماعَةِ فيه بَعدَ أن صُلِّى تَفَرُّقُ الكَلِمَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1071>بابُ تَركِ الجَماعَةِ بعُذرِ المَطَرِ، وفِي اللَّيلِ بعُذرِ الرّيحِ أوِ البَردِ مَعَ الظُّلمَةِ</span>\n\n٥٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أُذِّنَ بالصَّلاةِ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ بَردٍ وريحٍ، فقالَ: ألا صَلُّوا في الرِّحالِ. ثُمَّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأْمُرُ المُؤَذِّنَ إذا كانَت لَيلَةٌ بارِدَةٌ ذاتُ مَطَرٍ يقولُ: \"ألَا صَلُّوا في الرِّحالِ\" (^١). [لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. وفِي حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ قال: عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أذَّنَ. والباقِى سَواءٌ] (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥١٠)، والمعرفة (١٤٤٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٨، ومالك ١/ ٧٣ وفيه أن عبد اللَّه بن عمر أذن، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٠٢)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٣)، والنسائي (٦٥٣)، وابن حبان (٢٠٧٨).\n(^٢) ليس في س، ص ٢.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٦)، ومسلم (٦٩٧/ ٢٢).","vol":"5","page":545},{"text":"٥٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ نادَى بالصَّلاةِ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ بَردٍ وريحٍ، ثُمَّ قال في آخِرِ نِدائهِ: ألا صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم، ألا صَلُّوا في الرِّحالِ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ المُؤَذِّنَ إذا كانَت لَيلَةٌ بارِدَةٌ، أو ذاتُ مَطَرٍ، أو ذاتُ ريحٍ، في سَفَرٍ يقولُ: \"ألا صلُّوا في الرِّحالِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٠٨٣ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه نادَى بالصَّلاةِ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ بَردٍ وريحٍ ومَطَرٍ، فقالَ في آخِرِ أذانِه: ألا صَلُّوا في الرِّحالِ. ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ المُؤَذِّنَ إذا كانَت لَيلَةٌ بارِدَةٌ، أو ذاتُ مَطَرٍ، في السَّفَرِ: \"ألا صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٨٧، ١٨٨٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٢)، ومسلم (٦٩٧/ ٢٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٩٧/ ٢٣).","vol":"5","page":546},{"text":"٥٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو عَونٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان في سَفَرٍ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ ظُلمَةٍ وريحٍ، أو ظُلمَةٍ وبَردٍ، أو ظُلمَةٍ ومَطَرٍ، فنادَى مُناديه: أن صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم (^٢).\n\n٥٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٣)، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ بالمَدينَةِ في اللَّيلَةِ المَطيرَةِ والغَداةِ القَرَّةِ (^٤).\n\n٥٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فمُطِرنا فقالَ: \"ليُصَلِّ مَن شاءَ مِنكُم في\n_________\n(^١) لم يرد هذا الحديث في س، ص ٢، وأثبته في حاشية الأصل. وكتب بعده: \"ضرب عليه في أصل المؤلف\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٧٨، ٤٥٨٠)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٩٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٧٧) من طرق عن أيوب بنحوه، وسيأتي في (٥٥٧٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٣٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"مسلمة\".\n(^٤) القرة: الباردة. النهاية ٤/ ٣٨.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (١٠٦٤). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣٥): منكر.","vol":"5","page":547},{"text":"رَحلِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٥٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن أبيه قال: أصابَنا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ مَطَرٌ لَم يَبُلَّ أسافِلَ نِعالِنا، فنادَى يَعنِى مُنادِى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"أن صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم\" (^٣).\n\n٥٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عَبِيدَةَ الباهِلِىِّ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ الهُذَلِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَصابَنا بُغَيشٌ (^٤) مِن مَطَرٍ، فنادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ في سَفَرٍ: \"مَن شاءَ أن يُصَلِّىَ في رَحلِه فليَفعَلْ\" (^٥).\n\n٥٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٧)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٥)، والترمذي (٤٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٥٩) من طريق زهير أبى خيثمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٩٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٣٦) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٠٤)، وأبو داود (١٠٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢٠٧٩) من طريق خالد به، بزيادة أبى قلابة بين خالد وأبى المليح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٣٢).\n(^٤) بغيش: تصغير بَغْش، وهو المطر القليل. النهاية ١/ ١٤٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى (١٣٧٠) عن ابن عفان به.","vol":"5","page":548},{"text":"إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّ عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يَؤُمُّ قَومَه وهو أعمَى، وأَنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّها (^١) تَكونُ الظُّلمَةُ والسَّيلُ، وأَنا رَجُلٌ ضَريرُ البَصَرِ، فصَلِّ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ في بَيتِى مَكانًا أتَّخِذُه مُصَلًّى. فَجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّىَ؟ \". فأَشارَ إلَى مَكانٍ مِنَ البَيتِ فصَلَّى فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1072>بابُ تَركِ الجَماعَةِ بعُذرِ الأخبَثَينِ إذا أخَذاه أو أحَدُهُما حَتَّى يَتَطَهَّرَ</span>\n\n٥٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو حَزْرَةَ يَعقوبُ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُصَلّيَنَّ أحَدُكُم بحَضرَةِ الطَّعامِ، ولا وهو يُدافِعُ الأخبَثَينِ، الغائطَ والبَولَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إنما\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٧٢، ومن طريقه النسائي (٧٨٧)، وابن حبان (١٦١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٧). وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٩٨٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٦)، وعنه أبو داود (٨٩)، ومسلم (٥٦٠/ ٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣٣) من طريق أبى حزرة به.","vol":"5","page":549},{"text":"٥٠٩١ - قال ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ: وحَدَّثَنِى الدَّراوَردِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ مِثلَه (^١).\n\n٥٠٩٢ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح)] (^٢) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو حَزْرَةَ القاصُّ (^٣)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُصَلِّى (^٤) أحَدُكُم وهو بحَضرَةِ الطَّعامِ، ولا وهو يُدافِعُ الأخبَثَينِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٦).\n\n٥٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كُناسَةَ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ، [عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ وأرادَ الرَّجُلُ الخَلاءَ فليَبدأْ بالخَلاءِ] (^٧) \" (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٤٤٨). وذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل ٢/ ٩٤ (٢٣٧) من طريق ابن أبي عتيق به.\n(^٢) ليس في س، ص ٢، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب عليه في أصل المصنف\".\n(^٣) في م: \"القاضي\".\n(^٤) في م: \"يصلين\".\n(^٥) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٤٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٤٤٩).\n(^٦) مسلم (٥٦٠/. . .).\n(^٧) ليس في: م.\n(^٨) أخرجه الدارمي (١٤٦٧) عن محمد بن كناسة به.","vol":"5","page":550},{"text":"٥٠٩٤ - [وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى بنُ الطَّبّاعِ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ، أنَّه كان يَؤُمُّ أصحابَه يَومًا، فذَهَبَ لِحاجَتِه ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا وجَدَ أحَدُكُمُ الغائطَ فليَبدأْ به قبلَ الصَّلاةِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، وفِي حَديثِ العَلَوِىِّ قال: عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ وأرادَ الرَّجُلُ الخَلاءَ فليَبدأْ بالخَلاءِ\"] (^١) (^٢).\n\n٥٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أرقَمَ، أنَّه خَرَجَ حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا ومَعَه النّاسُ وهو يَؤُمُّهُم، فلَمّا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ أقامَ الصَّلاةَ؛ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، ثُمَّ قال: ليَتَقَدَّمْ أحَدُكُم - وذَهَبَ الخَلاءَ - فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يَذهَبَ الخَلاءَ وقامَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليَبدأْ بالخَلاءِ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكٌ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٤٦)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٥، ومالك ١/ ١٥٩، ومن طريقه النسائي (٨٥١)، وابن حبان (٢٠٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٥٩)، والترمذي (١٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٦١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣٢، ١٦٥٢) من طريق هشام بن عروة به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٨٨).\n(^٤) هو الحديث السابق، وقد أشرنا أنه غير موجود في نسختين، وأثبتناه من النسخة المطبوعة.","vol":"5","page":551},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ وشُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ وأبو ضَمرَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أرقَمَ، والأكثَرُ الَّذينَ رَوَوه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (^١) قالوا كما قال زُهَيرٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٩٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ (^٣) الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إدريسَ الأودِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا يُصَلِّى أحَدُكُم وهو يَجِدُ شَيئًا مِنَ الخَبَثِ\" (^٤). أسنَدَه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ. ورَواه آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ عن شُعبَةَ فوَقَفَه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1073>بابُ تَركِ الجَماعَةِ بحَضرَةِ الطَّعامِ ونَفسُه إلَيه شَديدَةُ التَّوَقانِ</span>\n\n٥٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ والعَشاءُ فابدَءوا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن أبيه\".\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٨٨).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٢٠٧٢) من طريق إدريس بن يزيد به بنحوه. وأحمد ١٥/ ٤٣٥ (٩٦٩٧) من طريق يزيد الأودى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٠١).\n(^٥) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩٢ عن آدم.","vol":"5","page":552},{"text":"بالعَشاءِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٥٠٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفامِىُّ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وُضِعَ العَشاءُ وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فابدَءوا به قبلَ صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلِىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو وحدَه (^٤).\n\n٥٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قُدِّمَ العَشاءُ فابدَءُوا بالعَشاءِ قبلَ أن تُصَلّوا صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ، ولا تَعجَلوا عن عَشائِكُم\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٧٦)، والترمذي (٣٥٣)، والنسائي (٨٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٥٧/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٠٦٦) من طريق ابن وهب به دون ذكر يونس.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٥٧/. . .).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٧٢).","vol":"5","page":553},{"text":"٥١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وُضِعَ العَشاءُ وأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فابدَءوا بالعَشاءِ\" (^١).\n\n٥١٠١ - وعن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بنَحوِهِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطُّوسِىُّ الفَقيهُ (^٣) وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّاذْياخِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، يُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وُضِعَ العَشاءُ وأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فابدَءوا بالعَشاءِ\" (^٤). وهَذا لَفظُ ابنِ عياضٍ. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ والبُخارِىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n٥١٠٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٠٠) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٩٣٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) وثقه عبد الغافر، وقال الذهبي: من كبار الشافعية ومناظريهم، وله الثروة والجاه الوافر. توفى سنة (٤١١ هـ). المنتخب (٢٧١)، تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ٢١٣.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٥٨)، والبخاري (٦٧١، ٥٤٦٥).","vol":"5","page":554},{"text":"حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ أبى حَزرَةَ، عن أبي عَتيقٍ - كَذا قال، وهو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى عَتيقٍ - قال: تَحَدَّثتُ أنا والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ عِندَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - حَديثًا وكاد القاسِمُ رَجُلًا لَحّانَةً (^١)، وكانَ لأُمِّ ولَدٍ، فقالَت له عائشَةُ: ما لَكَ لا تَتَحَدَّثُ كما يَتَحَدَّثُ ابنُ أخِى هذا؟ أما إنِّي قَد عَلِمتُ مِن أينَ أُتيتَ؛ هذا أدَّبَته أُمُّه، وأَنتَ أدَّبَتكَ أُمُّكَ. قال: فغَضبَ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأَضَبَّ عَلَيها (^٢). فلَمّا رأَى مائدَةَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - قَد أُتِىَ بها قامَ، فقالَت: أينَ؟ قال: أُصَلِّى. قالَت: اجلِسْ. قال: إنِّي أُصَلِّى. قالَت: اجلِسْ غُدَرُ، إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا صَلاةَ بحَضرَةِ الطَّعامِ ولا وهو يُدافِعُه الأخبَثانِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ وقالَ: عن ابنِ أبي عَتيقٍ (^٤).\n\n٥١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا وُضِعَ عَشاءُ أحَدِكُم وأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فابدَءوا بالعَشاءِ، ولا تَعجَلوا حَتَّى يُفرَغَ مِنه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) اللحانة: كثير اللحن في كلامه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ٤٦.\n(^٢) أضَبَّ: أي حقد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ٤٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٦)، وأبو داود (٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣٣) من طريق أبى حزرة به، وتقدم في (٥٠٩٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٦٠/ ٦٧).\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (٧٩٩٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٥٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.","vol":"5","page":555},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٥١٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، قال أحمدُ: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا وُضِعَ عَشاءُ أحَدِكُم وأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا يَقومُ (^٢) حَتَّى يَفرُغَ\" (^٣). زادَ مُسَدَّدٌ: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ إذا وُضِعَ عَشاؤُه - أو حَضَرَ عَشاؤُه - لَم يَقُمْ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ وإِن سَمِعَ الإِقامَةَ، وإِن سَمِعَ قِراءَةَ الإمامِ.\n\n٥١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ مِهرانَ الجَمّالُ (^٤)، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم على الطَّعامِ فلا يَعجَلَنَّ حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حاجَتَه مِنه، وإِن أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ\" (^٥).\nوبِهَذا اللَفظِ رَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ ووَهبُ بنُ عثمانَ عن موسَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٧٣)، ومسلم (٥٥٩/ ٦٦).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فلا يقومن\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٥٧)، وأحمد (٤٧٠٩).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحمال\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٣٩٧، وتوضيح المشتبه ٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٥٥٩/. . .)، وابن خزيمة (٩٣٦) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.","vol":"5","page":556},{"text":"عُقبَةَ (^١)، وأَشارَ البخاريُّ إلَى رِوايَتِهِما (^٢).\n\n٥١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ، قال: كُنّا عِندَ أنَسٍ فأَذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ بالمَغرِبِ وقَد حَضرَ العَشاءُ، فقالَ أنَسٌ: ابدَءوا بالعَشاءِ. فتَعَشَّينا مَعَه ثُمَّ صَلَّينا، وكانَ عَشاؤُه خَفيفًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1074>بابُ مَن قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ إذا أُقيمَت وقَد أخَذَ حاجَتَه مِنَ الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n٥١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ ويَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ المِصريّانِ، أنَّ لَيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ حَدَّثَهُما عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ أباه عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أخبَرَه، أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَحتَزُّ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ في يَدِه، ثُمَّ دُعِىَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ فأَلقاها والسِّكّينَ التي كان (^٤) يَحتَزُّ بها، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٢٩٣) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٩٩٣) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارمي (٧٥٤) عن عبد اللَّه بن صالح به. وتقدم في (٧٢٢، ٧٢٣، ٧٤٢).\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٠٨)، ومسلم (٣٥٥/ ٩٢، ٩٣).","vol":"5","page":557},{"text":"٥١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ (^١) لِطَعامٍ ولا لِغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٥١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبى في زَمانِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ إلَى جَنبِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فقالَ عَبّادُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ: إنّا سَمِعنا أنَّه يُبدأْ بالعَشاءِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: ويحَكَ، ما كان عَشاؤُهُم؟ أتُراه كان مِثلَ عَشاءِ أبيكَ (^٣)؟!.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1075>بابُ تَركِ الجَماعَةِ بعُذرِ المَرَضِ والخَوفِ</span>\n\n٥١١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَم يَخرُجْ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثًا فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فذَهَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ فرَفَعَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - الحِجابَ، فما رأَينا مَنظَرًا أعجَبَ إلَينا مِنه حينَ وضَحَ لَنا وجهُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٢: \"لا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٥٨) من طريق معلى بن منصور به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٠٥: قال أبو حاتم: محمد بن ميمون لا بأس به، قال ابن حبان: لا يحل الاحتجاج به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٨٠٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٥٩). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٩٦).","vol":"5","page":558},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَومأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أبى بكرٍ أن يَتَقَدَّمَ، وأَرخَى نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الحِجابَ فلَم يوصَلْ إلَيه حَتَّى ماتَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٢).\n\n٥١١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ الأنصارِىُّ، وكانَ تَبِعَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وخَدَمَه وصَحِبَه، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - كان يُصلِّى بهِم في وجَعِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - الَّذِى تُوفِّىَ فيه، حَتَّى إذا كان يَومُ الاثنَينِ وهُم صُفوفٌ في الصَّلاةِ كَشَفَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - سِترَ الحُجرَةِ يَنظُرُ إلَينا وهو قائمٌ كأَنَّ وجهَه ورَقَةُ مُصحَفٍ، ثُمَّ تبَسَّمَ فضَحِكَ [قال: فهَمَمنا] (^٣) أن نَفتَتِنَ في الصَّلاةِ مِن فرَحٍ برُؤيَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ونَكَصَ أبو بكرٍ على عَقِبَيه ليَصِلَ الصَّفَّ، وظَنَّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - خارِجٌ إلَى الصَّلاةِ. قال: فأَشارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَينا بيَدِه أن أتِمّوا صَلاتَكُم، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وأَرخَى السِّترَ، فتُوفِّىَ مِن (^٤) يَومِه ذَلِكَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٨٨، ١٦٥٠)، وابن حبان (٢٠٦٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨١)، ومسلم (٤١٩/ ١٠٠).\n(^٣) في س: \"فهمنا\".\n(^٤) في س: \"في\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٢٩) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٨٠)، ومسلم (٤١٩/ ٩٨، ٩٩).","vol":"5","page":559},{"text":"٥١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أبي جَنابٍ، عن مَغراءَ العَبدِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن سَمِعَ المُنادِىَ فلَم يَمنَعْه مِن اتِّباعِه عُذرٌ لَم تُقبَلْ مِنه الصَّلاةُ التي صَلَّى\". قالوا: وما العُذرُ؟ قال: \"خَوفٌ أو مَرَضٌ\" (^١).\n\n٥١١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قالوا: ما عُذرُهُ؟ قال: \"خَوفٌ أو مَرَضٌ\". وقالَ: \"تِلكَ الصَّلاةُ التي صَلاها\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1076>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَنعِ مَن أكَلَ ثُومًا أو بَصَلًا أو كُرّاثًا - مِن أن يأْتِىَ المَسجِدَ</span>\n\n٥١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ والحَديثُ لأبِى المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٥١)، وسيأتي في (٥٧٠٨) من طريق هشيم عن شعبة عن عدى. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١٥): صحيح دون جملة العذر، وبلفظ: \"ولا صلاة له\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٥٢)، وفى الصغرى (٥١١)، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٧٠.","vol":"5","page":560},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ فلا يأتيَنَّ المساجِدَ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ وابنِ المُثَنَّى، وفِي حَديثِ أحمدَ: \"فلا يَقرَبَنَّ المَساجِدَ\". ولَيسَ فيه: في غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ. وهو في حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ، وزادَ: يَعنِى الثُّومَ. وقالَ: \"فلا يأتِى مَسجِدَنا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٥١١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه البَقلَةِ فلا يَقرَبَنَّ مَسجِدَنا حَتَّى يَذهَبَ ريحُها\" (^٣). يَعنِى الثُّومَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ وأبو هريرةَ وغَيرُهُما:\n\n٥١١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ قال: قُلنا لأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: ما سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ في\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٢٥)، وأحمد (٤٦١٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٦١) من طريق محمد بن بشار ومحمد بن المثنى به، وابن ماجه (١٠١٦)، وابن حبان (٢٠٨٨) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٥٣)، ومسلم (٥٦١/ ٦٨).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٨٤٨)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٦١/ ٦٩).","vol":"5","page":561},{"text":"الثّومِ؟ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ فلا يَقرَبْنا ولا يُصَلِّيَنَّ معنا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n٥١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى وهَذا حَديثُه قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ - يَعنِى الثُّومَ - فلا يُؤذِينا في مَسجِدِنا\". وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ رافِعٍ: \"فلا يَقرَبَنَّ (^٣) مَسجِدَنا، ولا يُؤذينا بريحِ الثُّومِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٥).\n\n٥١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٣٧) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٥٦، ٥٤٥١)، ومسلم (٥٦٢/ ٧٠).\n(^٣) في س: \"يقربنا في\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦١٠)، وابن حبان (١٦٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٨٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٦٣/ ٧١).","vol":"5","page":562},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ؛ الثُّومِ - قال: ثُمَّ قال بَعدَ الثُّومِ: والبَصَلِ والكُرّاثِ - فلا يَقرَبْنا في مَسجِدِنا؛ فإِنَّ المَلائكَةَ تَتأذَّى مِمّا يَتأذَّى مِنه الإِنسانُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٥١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ الأصَمُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن البَصَلِ والكُرّاثِ، فغَلَبَتنا الحاجَةُ فأَكَلنا مِنه، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ الخَبيثَةِ فلا يَقرَبَنَّ مَسجِدَنا (^٣)؛ فإِنَّ المَلائكَةَ تَتأذَّى ممّا يَتأذَّى مِنه الإِنسانُ\" (^٤). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n٥١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى (٢٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٧٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٥)، وابن حبان (١٦٤٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٦٩)، ومسلم (٥٦٤/ ٧٥)، والترمذي (١٨٠٦) من طرق عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٦٤/ ٧٤)، والبخاري (٨٥٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"مساجدنا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠١٤)، وابن حبان (٢٠٨٦، ٢٠٩٠) من طريق هشام به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥١٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٨) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٦٤/ ٧٢).","vol":"5","page":563},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أظُنُّه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَفَلَ تُجاهَ القِبلَةِ جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ تَفْلُه بَينَ عَينَيْه، ومَن أكَلَ مِن هذه البَقلَةِ الخَبيثَةِ فلا يَقرَبَنَّ مَسجِدَنا\" (^١). ثَلاثًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1077>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ اكلَ ذَلِك غَيُر حَرامٍ</span>\n\n٥١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، أَنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أكَلَ ثُومًا أو بَصَلًا فليَعتَزِلْنا، أو ليَعتَزِلْ مَسجِدَنا (^٢)، أو ليَقعُدْ في بَيتِه\". وإِنَّه أُتِىَ بقِدْرٍ فيه خَضِراتٌ مِن بُقولٍ فوَجَدَ لَها ريحًا، فسأَلَ فأُخبِرَ بما فيها مِنَ البُقولِ قال: \"قَرِّبوها\". إلَى بَعضِ أصحابِه (^٣) كان مَعَه، فلَمّا رآه كَرِهَ أكلَها قال: \"كُلْ فإِنِّى أُناجِى مَن لا تُناجِى\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٢٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٢٥، ١٣١٤، ١٦٦٣)، وابن حبان (١٦٣٩) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٣٩).\n(^٢) في م: \"مساجدنا\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"أصحاب، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\". وفى المهذب ٢/ ١٠٠٧: \"أصحابي\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٧٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٥٢٩٩)، والبخاري (٥٤٥٢) من طريق يونس به. وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٤) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"5","page":564},{"text":"وحَرمَلَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٥١٢٣ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ: أُتِىَ ببَدرٍ - وقالَ ابنُ وهبٍ: يَعنِى طَبَقًا - فيه خَضِراتٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٥١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أكَلَ مِن طَعامٍ بَعَثَ بفَضلِه إلَى أبى أيّوبَ. قال: فبَعَثَ إلَيه بقَصعَةٍ لَم يأْكُلْ مِنها؛ فيها ثُومٌ، فأَتاه أبو أيّوبَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أحَرامٌ هوَ؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِّى كَرِهتُه لِريحِه\". قال: فإِنِّى أكرَهُ (^٣) ما كَرِهتَ (^٤).\n\n٥١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، أنَّ أبا النَّجِيبِ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٥٥)، ومسلم (٥٦٤/ ٧٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٥٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٢٢) عن أحمد بن صالح به.\n(^٣) في س: \"كرهت\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٥٩٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٩٧) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. والترمذي (١٨٠٧)، وابن حبان (٥١١٠) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":565},{"text":"أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه ذُكِرَ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الثُّومُ والبَصَلُ والكُرّاثُ، وقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وأَشَدُّ ذَلِكَ كُلِّه الثُّومُ، أفَتُحَرِّمُهُ (^١)؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُوه، مَن أكَلَه فلا يَقرَبْ هذا المَسجِدَ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ عنه (^٢) ريحُه مِنه\" (^٣).\n\n٥١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: لَم نَعْدُ أن فُتِحَت خَيبَرُ وقَعْنا في تِلكَ البَقلَةِ، يَعنِى الثُّومَ، فأَكَلنا مِنها أكلًا شَديدًا، وناسٌ جياعٌ، ثُمَّ رُحْنا إلَى المَسجِدِ. فوَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الرّيحَ فقالَ: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ الخَبيثَةِ شَيئًا فلا يَقرَبْنا في المَسجِدِ\". فقالَ النّاسُ: حُرِّمَت، حُرِّمَت. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّه لَيسَ بى تَحريمُ ما أحَلَّ اللَّهُ، ولَكِنَّها شَجَرَةٌ أكرَهُ ريحَها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٥).\n\n٥١٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو هِلالٍ الرّاسِبِىُّ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ وغَيرُه، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: أكَلتُ الثُّومَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَتَيتُ المَسجِدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٢، م: \"أفنحرمه\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٠٨٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) أحمد (١١٠٨٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٥٦٥/ ٧٦).","vol":"5","page":566},{"text":"وقَد سُبِقتُ برَكعَةٍ، فدَخَلتُ مَعَهُم في الصَّلاةِ، فوَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ريحَه فقالَ: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ الخَبيثَةِ فلا يَقرَبَنَّ مُصَلَّانا حَتَّى يَذهَبَ ريحُها\". فأَتمَمتُ صَلاتِى، فلَمّا سَلَّمتُ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ لما أعطَيتَنِى يَدَكَ. فناوَلَنِى يَدَه، فأَدخَلتُها في كُمِّى حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلَى صَدرِى، فوَجَدَه مَعصوبًا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ لَكَ عُذرًا\"، أو \"أرَى لَكَ عُذرًا\" (^١).\n\n٥١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا بَحيرُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٢) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى قال: أخبرَنا. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن بَحيرٍ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي زيادٍ حَيّانَ بنِ سلمةَ، أنَّه سأَلَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن البَصَلِ، فقالَت: إنَّ آخِرَ طَعامٍ أكَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طَعامٌ فيه بَصَلٌ (^٣).\nهَكَذا في الكِتابِ: حَيّانُ. وقالوا: الصَّوابُ خِيارٌ. قال الشيخُ: وفِي رِوايَةِ عيسَى: خِيارٌ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه البخاريُّ في \"التّاريخِ\" (^٤)، عن حَيوَةَ: خِيارٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٧٦)، وأبو داود (٣٨٢٦) من طريق أبى هلال به. وأحمد (١٨٢٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٧٢)، وابن حبان (٢٠٩٥) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٤١).\n(^٢) في م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٨٥) عن حيوة بن شريح به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٨٠) من طريق بقية به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٢٥).\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"5","page":567},{"text":"٥١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ العَلاءِ، حَدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سالِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ عامِرٍ الزُّبَيدِىُّ، حدثنا راشِدُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّ أبا راشِدٍ حَدَّثَه، يَرُدُّه إلَى عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قَد أكَلَ البَصَلَ في القِدرِ مَشويًّا قَبلَ أن يَموتَ بجُمُعَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1078>بابُ ما يُؤمَرُ به مَن أكَلَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ أن يُميتَه بالطَّبخِ</span>\n\n٥١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: ثُمَّ إنَّكُم أيُّها النّاسُ تأكُلونَ مِن شَجَرَتَينِ لا أُراهُما إلَّا خَبيثَتَينِ، هذا البَصَلُ والثُّومُ، ولَقَد كُنتُ أرَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا وجَدَ ريحَها (^٢) مِنَ الرَّجُلِ أمَرَ به فأُخرِجَ إلَى البَقيعِ، فمَن كان مِنكُم آكِلَهُما لا بُدَّ فليُمِتْهُما طَبخًا (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"ريحهما\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٥٩٦٤)، والطيالسى (٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦)، والنسائي (٧٠٧) من طريق هشام به. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٨٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠١٤، ٢٧٢٦، ٣٣٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٦) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"5","page":568},{"text":"الدَّستُوائىِّ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ (^١).\n\n٥١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا الجَرّاحُ أبو وكيعٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن شَريكٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: نُهِىَ عن أكلِ الثُّومِ إلَّا مَطبوخًا (^٢). قالَ أبو داودَ: شَريكٌ هو ابنُ حَنبَلٍ.\n\n٥١٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ أبو حاتِمٍ وكانَ يَنزِلُ مَكَّةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أكَلَ مِن هاتَينِ الشَّجَرَتَينِ فلا يَقرَبَنَّ مَسجِدَنا، فإِن كُنتُم لا بُدَّ آكِليهِما فأميتوهُما طَبخًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٦٧، ١٦١٧). والموضع الثاني ليس فيه الشاهد. وسيأتي في (١٦٦٥٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٥٧)، وأبو داود (٣٨٢٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٨٠٨) من طريق مسدد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٤٧)، وأبو داود (٣٨٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٨١) من طريق خالد بن ميسرة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٤٢).","vol":"5","page":569},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1079>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَلاةِ الإمامِ قاعِدًا بقيامٍ، وقائمًا بقُعودٍ، وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1080>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلإِمامِ مِنَ الاستِخلافِ إذا لَم يَستَطِعِ القيامَ في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ الجُعفِىُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ يُصلِّى (^١) بالنّاسِ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ رَقيقٌ مَتَى يَقومُ مَقامَكَ لا يَستَطيعُ يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ. فقالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ يُصَلِّى (^٢) بالنّاس فإِنَّكُنَّ صَواحِباتُ يوسُفَ\". قال: فصَلَّى أبو بكرٍ في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن حُسَينٍ الجُعفِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٥١٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ. فذَكَرَه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فليصل\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"يصل\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٠٠) عن حسين بن على الجعفى به. والبخاري (٣٣٨٥) من طريق زائدة به. وتقدم من حديث عائشة (٣٣٩٩، ٣٧٠٤)، ومن حديث ابن عمر (٣٤٠٠)، وسيأتي من حديث عائشة (٥١٤٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٨).","vol":"5","page":570},{"text":"بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فاشتَدَّ مَرَضُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1081>بابُ ما رُوِىَ في صَلاةِ المأمومِ جالِسًا إذا صَلَّى الإمامُ جالِسًا</span>\n\n٥١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: سَقَطَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن فرَسٍ فجُحِشَ شِقُّه الأيمَنُ، فدَخَلنا عَلَيه نَعودُه، فصَلَّى قاعِدًا، فصَلَّينا قُعودًا، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قال: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلُّوا قُعودًا أجمَعينَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥١٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٧٢٣٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٢٠/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٧٠٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٠٥)، ومسلم (٤١١/ ٧٧).","vol":"5","page":571},{"text":"أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَكِبَ فرَسًا فصُرِعَ عنه فجُحِشَ شِقُّه الأيمَنُ، فصَلَّى صَلاةً مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ وهو قاعِدٌ، فصَلَّينا وراءَه قُعودًا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فإذا صَلَّى قائمًا فصَلّوا قيامًا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ فارفَعوا، وإِذا قال: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا أجمَعينَ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٥١٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَيتِه وهو جالِسٌ، وصلَّى وراءَه قَومٌ قيامًا، فأَشارَ إلَيهِم أنِ اجلِسوا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ بهِ، فإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا رَفَعَ فارفَعوا، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا\". زادَ (^٣) الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: وهو شاكِى فصَلَّى جالِسًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٦٠)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٢٥٤ (٣٣٠ - شفاء العى). وتقدم في (٢٦٥٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٩)، ومسلم (٤١١/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"رواه\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٦١)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٢٥٤ (٣٣٢ - شفاء العى)، وأبو داود (٦٠٥)، ومالك ١/ ١٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥١٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢١٠٤)، وتقدم في (٣٤٦٠).","vol":"5","page":572},{"text":"ابنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n٥١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الزِّنادِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال - وفِي حَديثِ شُعَيبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ به، فلا تَختَلِفوا عَلَيه، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، وإِذا قال: سمِعَ اللَّهُ لمن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ. وإِذا سجَدَ فاسجُدوا، وإِذا صَلَّى جالِسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا أجمَعينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن أبي اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ العَزائمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الرُّؤاسِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَبَّرَ فكَبَّرَ أبو بكرٍ خَلفَه ليُسمِعَنا، فبَصُرَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٨، ١١١٣، ١٢٣٦)، ومسلم (٤١٢/ ٨٢، ٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٦٢٨) عن محمد بن خالد به. والحميدى (٩٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٣) من طريق أبى الزناد به. وتقدم في (٢٣٠٩، ٢٦٣١)، وسيأتي في (٥٢١٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٤/ ٨٦)، والبخاري (٧٣٤).","vol":"5","page":573},{"text":"بنا قيامًا فأَومأَ إلَينا أنِ اجلِسوا، فلَمّا قَضى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"كِدتُم أن تَفعَلوا فِعلَ فارِسَ والرّومِ لِعُظَمائهِم، ائتَمّوا بأئمَّتِكُم، فإِن صَلَّوا قيامًا فصَلُّوا قيامًا، وإِن صَلَّوا جُلوسًا فصَلُّوا جُلوسًا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ، وزادَ داودُ في حَديثِه قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ وأبو بكرٍ خَلفَه، فإِذا كَبَّرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَبَّرَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - ليُسمِعَنا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، قال فيه: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّينا وراءَه وهو قاعِدٌ (^٤).\n\n٥١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: صُرعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن فرَسٍ له على جِذعِ نَخلَةٍ فانفَكَّت قَدَمُه، فقَعَدَ في بَيتٍ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ - فأَتَيناه نَعودُه، فوَجَدناه يُصَلِّى تَطَوُّعًا، فصَلَّى قاعِدًا ونَحنُ قيامٌ، ثُمَّ أتَيناه فوَجَدناه يُصَلِّى صَلاةً مَكتوبَةً قاعِدًا قال: فقُمنا فأَومأَ إلَينا فجَلَسنا، ثُمَّ قال: \"ائتَمّوا بالإِمامِ، إن صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلّوا قُعودًا، وإِن صَلَّى قائمًا فصَلّوا قيامًا، ولا تَفعَلوا كما تَفعَلُ فارِسُ بعُظَمائِها (^٥) \".\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"أجمعين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٧٩٧) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به، وتقدم في (٥١٣٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٣/ ٨٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤١٢/ ٨٣).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"لعظمائها\". =","vol":"5","page":574},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1082>بابُ ما رُوِىَ في النَّهىِ عن الإمامَةِ جالِسًا وبَيانِ ضَعفِهِ</span>\n\n٥١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الضُّبَعِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَؤُمَّنَّ أحَدٌ بَعدِى جالِسًا\" (^١). قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ: لَم يَرْوِه غَيرُ جابِرٍ الجُعْفِىِّ وهو مَتروكٌ، والحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد عَلِمَ الَّذِى احتَجَّ بهَذا أن لَيسَت فيه حُجَّةٌ وأَنَّه لا يَثبُتُ؛ لأنَّه مُرسَلٌ، ولأنَّه عن رَجُلٍ يَرغَبُ النّاسُ عن الرِّوايَةِ عَنه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1083>بابُ ما رُوِىَ في صَلاةِ المأمومِ قائمًا وإِن صَلَّى الإمامُ جالِسًا، وما يُستَدَلُّ به على نَسخِ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الأخبارِ</span>\n\n٥١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيه، حدثنا\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٠٥)، وأبو داود (٦٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٠٨٧، ٤٠٨٨) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٧٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٠.","vol":"5","page":575},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أبى عائشةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ - ﵂ - فقُلتُ: ألا تُحَدِّثينِى عن مَرَضِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَت: بَلَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ، قَد نَقَلناه في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ، إلَى أن قالَت: فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أبى بكرٍ أن يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ، فأَتاه الرَّسولُ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمرُكَ أن تُصلِّىَ بالنّاسِ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ وكانَ رَجُلًا رَقيقًا: يا عُمَرُ صَلِّ بالنّاسِ. قال عُمَرُ أنتَ أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ. ففَعَلَ فصَلَّى بهِم أبو بكرٍ تِلكَ الأيّامَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وجَدَ مِن نَفسِه خِفَّةً، فخَرَجَ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ أحَدُهُما العباسُ لِصَلاةِ الظُّهرِ وأبو بكرٍ يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، فلَمّا رآه أبو بكرٍ ذَهَبَ ليَتأَخَّرَ، فأَومأَ إلَيه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ألا يَتأَخَّرَ، وقالَ لَهُما: \"أجلِسانِى إلَى جَنبِه\". فأَجلَساه إلَى جَنبِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -. قالَت: فجَعَلَ أبو بكرٍ يُصَلِّى بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو قائمٌ، والنّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بصَلاةِ أبى بكرٍ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدٌ. قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ: فدَخَلتُ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ فقُلتُ له: ألا أعرِضُ عَلَيكَ ما حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ عن مَرَضِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: هاتِ. فعَرَضتُ عَلَيه حَديثَها فما أنكَرَ مِنه شَيئًا، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: أسَمَّت لَكَ الرَّجُلَ الآخَرَ الَّذِى كان مَعَ العباسِ؟ فقُلتُ: لا. قال: هو علىٌّ - ﵁ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٠٧)، وسيأتي في (١٦٦٥٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٧)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٠).","vol":"5","page":576},{"text":"وقَد روِىَ عن شُعبَةَ عن موسَى بنِ أبي عائشةَ في هذا الحديثِ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ صَلَّى بالنّاسِ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّفِّ خَلفَه (^١)، وحُسنُ سياقِ زائدَةَ بنِ قُدامَةَ لِلحَديثِ يَدُلُّ على حِفظِه وأَنَّ غَيرَهَ لَم يَحفَظْه حِفظَه، ولِذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ رَحِمَهُما اللَّهُ تَعالَى في كِتابَيهِما دونَ رِوايَةِ مَن خالَفَه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٥١٤٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أرقَمَ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: سافَرتُ مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى الشّامِ فسأَلتُه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في مَرَضِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، إلَى أن قال: فرأَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن نَفسِه خِفَّةً فخَرَجَ يُهادَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ، فلَمّا أحَسَّ النّاسُ سَبَّحوا، فذَهَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَتأَخَّرُ، فأشارَ إلَيه بيَدِه مَكانَكَ، فاستَفتَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن حَيثُ انتَهَى أبو بكرٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ وأبو بكرٍ قائمٌ ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - جالِسٌ، فائتَمَّ أبو بكرٍ برسولِ الله - ﷺ - وائتَمَّ النّاسُ بأَبِى بكرٍ، فما قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى ثَقُلَ جِدًّا، فخَرَجَ يُهادَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ وإِنَّ رِجلَيه لَتَخُطّانِ في الأرضِ، فماتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَم يُوصِ (^٢). وبِمَعناه رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n٥١٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١١٣)، والنسائي (٧٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٨٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٥) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٢٠): حسن دون ذكر على.","vol":"5","page":577},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ ووَكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لما ثَقُلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جاءَ بلالٌ يُؤْذِنُه بالصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ أسيفٌ، وإِنَّه مَتَى يَقومُ مَقامَكَ لا يُسمِعُ النّاسَ، فلَو أمَرتَ عُمَرَ؟ قال: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ لِحَفصَةَ: قولِى له: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ أسيفٌ، وإِنَّه مَتَى يَقومُ مَقامَكَ لا يُسمِعُ النّاسَ، فلَو أمَرتَ عُمَرَ؟ فقالَت له، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُنَّ لأنتُنَّ صَواحِبُ (^١) يوسُفَ، مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قالَت: فأَمَروا أبا بكرٍ فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ. قالَت: فلَمّا دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ وجَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن نَفسِه خِفَّةً، قالَت: فقامَ يُهادَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ ورِجلاه تَخُطّانِ في الأرضِ. قالَت: فلَمّا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ (^٢) سَمِعَ أبو بكرٍ حِسَّه ذَهَبَ ليَتأَخَّرَ، فأَومأَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ قُمْ مَكانَكَ، فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى جَلَسَ عن يَسارِ أبى بكرٍ. قالَت: فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بالناسِ جالِسًا وأبو بكرٍ قائمًا؛ يَقتَدِى أبو بكرٍ بصَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ويَقتَدِى النّاسُ بصَلاةِ أبى بكرٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"صواحبات\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"و\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٣٢) عن ابن أبي شيبة به. وأحمد (٢٥٧٦١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٢)، وابن =","vol":"5","page":578},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وعن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^١).\n\n٥١٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَحيَى الرُّويانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ هو ابنُ موسَى الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه عن عائشةَ قالَت: لما مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَرَضَ الَّذِى ماتَ فيه أُذِنَ بالصَّلاةِ. فذَكَرَت قِصَّتَها دونَ قَولِها لِحَفصَةَ، إلَى أن قالَت: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجَلَسَ يُصَلِّى وأبو بكرٍ إلَى جَنبِه وأبو بكرٍ يُسمِعُ النّاسَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويه عن عيسَى (^٣).\nورَواه علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ عن الأعمَشِ قال فيه: وكانَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ وأبو بكرٍ يُسمِعُهم التَّكبيرَ (^٤).\n\n٥١٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ بَيانٍ والعَوذِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان وَجِعًا فأَمَرَ أبا بكرٍ أن يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ. قالَت: فوَجَدَ\n_________\n= خزيمة (١٦١٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٢٠) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (٣٣٩٩، ٣٧٠٤).\n(^١) مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٥)، والبخاري (٧١٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٦٤٢) من طريق عيسى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٦).","vol":"5","page":579},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خِفَّةً فجاءَ فقَعَدَ إلَى جَنبِ أبى بكرٍ، فأَمَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ وهو قاعِدٌ، وأَمَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - النّاسَ وهو قائمٌ (^١).\n\n٥١٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ أنْ يُصَلِّىَ بالنّاسِ في مَرَضِه، فكانَ يُصَلِّى بهِم. قالَ عُروَةُ: فوَجَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في نَفسِه خِفَّةً فخَرَجَ، فإِذا أبو بكرٍ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ، فلَمّا رآه أبو بكرٍ استأخَرَ، فأَشارَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنْ كما أنتَ، فجَلَسَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - حِذاءَ أبى بكرٍ إلَى جَنبِه، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ يُصَلِّى بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، والنّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بصَلاةِ أبى بكرٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nاتَّفَقَت هذه الرِّواياتُ على أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان إمامًا وأَنَّ أبا بكرٍ وسائرَ النّاسِ اقتَدْوا به.\nوقَد رُوِىَ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ كان إمامًا، وأَنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى خَلفَه:\n\n٥١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٧٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٣) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٧)، والبخاري (٦٨٣).","vol":"5","page":580},{"text":"أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ صاحِبُ ثَعلَبٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرْسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في مَرَضِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ قاعِدًا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\n\n٥١٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: مِنَ النّاسِ مَن يقولُ: كان أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - المُقَدَّمَ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّفِّ. ومِنهُم مَن يقولُ: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - المُقَدَّمَ (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن شُعبَةَ عن الأعمَشِ، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الأعمَشِ كما تَقَدَّمَ على الإِثباتِ والصِّحَّةِ، ورِوايَةُ مَسروقٍ تَفَرَّدَ بها نُعَيمُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ عن أبي وائلٍ عنه، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فيها.\n\n٥١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -. فذَكَرَت قِصَّةَ مَرَضِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَمْرَه أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالصَّلاةِ، وفِي آخِرِه قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٩١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٥٧)، والترمذي (٣٦٢)، وابن حبان (٢١١٩) من طريق شبابة به، وأحمد (٢٥٢٥٦)، والنسائي (٧٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٠) من طريق شعبة به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦١٨) عن محمد بن بشار به.","vol":"5","page":581},{"text":"فلَمّا أحَسَّ أبو بكرٍ بجَيْئَةِ (^١) النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أرادَ أن يَستأخِرَ فأَومأَ إلَيه أن يَثبُتَ. قال: وجِئَ بالنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فوُضِعَ بحِذاءِ أبى بكرٍ. أو قالَت: في الصَّفِّ (^٢).\nوَهَذا يُخالِفُ رِوايَةَ شَبَابَةَ عن شُعبَةَ في الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن شَبابَةَ عن شُعبَةَ بقَريبٍ مِن هذا المَتنِ:\n\n٥١٥١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ يَعنِى الطَّرَسوسِىَّ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - صَلَّى بالنّاسِ في وجَعِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّفِّ (^٣).\nوكذلك رَواه بَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ عن شُعبَةَ:\n\n٥١٥٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الفاكِهِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا بَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ رِوايَةِ الطَّرَسوسِىِّ عن شَبَابَةَ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن أنَسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بحس\".\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤٤٧، ٤٤٨. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٢٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن معاذ به، وزاد فيه: \"عن أبي وائل عن مسروق\". وينظر الفتح ٨/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥١٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٣٩) من طريق بدل به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣.","vol":"5","page":582},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَو صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ مَرَّةً لَم يَمنَعْ ذَلِكَ أن يَكونَ صَلَّى خَلفَه أبو بكرٍ أُخرَى (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد ذَهَبَ موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ في \"مَغازيه\" (^٢) إلَى أنَّ أبا بكرٍ صَلَّى مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ يَومَ الاِثنَينِ رَكعَةً وهو اليَومُ الَّذِى توُفِّىَ فيه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، فوَجَدَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - في نَفسِه خِفَّةً فخَرَجَ فصلَّى مَعَ أبى بكرٍ رَكعَةً، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ أبو بكرٍ قامَ فصَلَّى الرَّكعَةَ الأُخرَى.\nفيَحْتَمِلُ أن تَكونَ هذه الصَّلاةُ مُرادَ مَن رَوَى أنَّه صَلَّى خَلفَ أبى بكرٍ في مَرَضِه، فأَمّا الصَّلاةُ التي صَلَّاها أبو بكرٍ في مَرَضِه (^٣) فهِىَ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ يَومَ الأحَدِ أو يَومَ السَّبتِ كما رُوّينا عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ في بَيانِ الظُّهرِ، فلا يَكونُ بَينَهُما مُنافاةٌ، ويَصِحُّ الاحتِجاجُ بالخَبَرِ الأوَّلِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1084>بابُ مَن تَجِبُ عَلَيه الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n٥١٥٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٧/ ١٩٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٩٨.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"خلفه\".\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠١٤: في الصحيح من حديث أنس أنه - ﷺ - رفع ستر الحجرة صبح يوم الاثنين وعجز فرجع ولم يصل معهم. اهـ. وينظر ما تقدم في (٥١١٢).","vol":"5","page":583},{"text":"عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عُرِضْتُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ وأَنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ (^١) فاستَصغَرَنِى، وعُرِضتُ عَلَيه يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأَنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ فأَجازَنِى (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٥١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن عليٍّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يَعقِلَ\" (^٤).\n\n٥١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ لا يَقبَلُ صَلاةَ الحائضِ إلا بخِمارٍ\" (^٥). قال ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ: أرادَ بالحَيضِ البُلوغَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وفيه كالدَّلالَةِ على تَوَجُّهِ الفَرضِ عَلَيها إذا بَلَغَت بالحَيضِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"سنة\".\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٢٦١، ٣٤٤٤٨، ٣٧٢٠٢، ٣٧٧٦٣). وسيأتي في (١١٤٠٧، ١١٤٠٨، ١٧٢٩١، ١٧٨٦٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٦٨/. . .)، والبخاري (٢٦٦٤، ٤٠٩٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٤٠٣). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠١٥: منقطع. وسيأتي في (٨٦٨٦، ١١٤٢٠، ١٥٢٠٩، ١٧٢٩٧).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٢٩٦، ١١٤٢٣).","vol":"5","page":584},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1085>بابُ ما على الآباءِ والأُمَّهاتِ مِن تَعليمِ الصِّبيانِ أمرَ الطَّهارَةِ والصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلِّموا الصَّبِىَّ الصَّلاةَ ابنَ سبعِ سِنينَ، واضرِبوه عَلَيها ابنَ عَشرٍ\" (^١).\n\n٥١٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ مِهرانَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهْمِىُّ، حدثنا سَوّارُ بنُ داودَ أبو حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مُرُوا الصِّبيانَ بالصَّلاةِ لِسَبعِ سِنينَ، واضرِبوهُم عَلَيها في عَشْرٍ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم في المَضاجِعِ\" (^٢)\n\n٥١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُعاذُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٩٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٥٨، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وقال الذهبي في المهذب ٢/ ١٠١٥: عبد الملك قد روى له مسلم وهو صدوق، لينه ابن معين. وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٢٨٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٧. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠١٥ عن سوار: فيه ضعف. وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٢٧٦).","vol":"5","page":585},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ الجُهَنِىُّ قال: دَخَلنا عَلَيه فقالَ لامرأَتِه: مَتَى يُصَلِّى الصَّبِىُّ؟ فقالَت: نَعَم، كان رَجُلٌ مِنّا يَذكُرُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إذا (^١) عَرَفَ يَمينَه مِن يَسارِه فمُروه بالصَّلاةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٥١٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو العُمَيسِ، عن القاسِمِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: حافِظوا على أبنائِكُم في الصَّلاةِ، ثُمَّ تَعَوَّدوا الخَيرَ [فإِنَّما الخَيرُ بالعادَةِ] (^٣).\n\n٥١٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا جَميلُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الجَهضَمِىُّ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ (^٤) بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ الأقمَرِ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: حافِظوا على أولادِكُم في الصَّلاةِ، وعَلِّموهُمُ الخَيرَ، فإِنَّما الخَيرُ عادَةٌ (^٥).\nخالَفَه جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ فرَواه عن أبي العُمَيسِ عن القاسِمِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مُرسَلًا.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"متى\".\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٤٢٢)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٩٧). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٥).\n(^٣) في س: \"عادة\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٩١٥٥) من طريق على بن الأقمر به.","vol":"5","page":586},{"text":"٥١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: حافِظوا على أبنائِكُم في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٥١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ماهانَ الدّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ أبى عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ موسَى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما نَحَلَ والِدٌ ولَدًا خَيرًا له مِن أدَبٍ حَسَنٍ\" (^٢). أيّوبُ بنُ موسَى هو ابنُ عمرو بنِ [سعيدِ بنِ] (^٣) العاصِ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عامِرٍ وهو مُرسَلٌ، قال البخارىُّ (^٤): لَم يَصِحَّ سَماعُ جَدِّه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٥١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ الحاطِبِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ لِرَجُلٍ: أدِّبِ ابنَكَ فإِنَّكَ مَسئولٌ عن ولَدِكَ ماذا أدَّبتَه وماذا عَلَّمتَه؟ وإِنَّه مَسئولٌ عن بِرِّكَ وطَواعيَتِه لَكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٧٤٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٥١٣)، والطبراني (٨٧٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٣٠٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٢٢.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٦٢). وأخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (١٧٠) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠١٦: عثمان هو ابن إبراهيم ليس بالقوى.","vol":"5","page":587},{"text":"٥١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبي بُردَةَ قال: قال سعيدُ بنُ العاصِ: إذا عَلَّمتُ ولَدِى وزَوَّجتُه وأَحجَجتُه (^١) فقَد قَضَيتُ حَقَّه، وبَقِىَ حَقِّى عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أحجيته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٧٢٤)، وابن أبي الدنيا في كتاب العيال (١٧٠، ٣١٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"5","page":588},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1086>جِماعُ أبوابِ اختِلافِ نيَّةِ الإمامِ والمأمومِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1087>بابُ الفَريضَةِ خَلفَ مَن يُصَلِّى النّافِلَةَ</span>\n\n٥١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ [وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا] (^١): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كان مُعاذٌ يُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ أوِ العَتَمَةَ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيُصَلّيها لِقَومِه في (^٢) بَنِى سَلِمَةَ. قال: فأَخَّرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فصَلَّى مُعاذٌ مَعَه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأَمَّ قَومَه فقَرأَ بسورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، فتَنَحَّى رَجُلٌ مِن خَلفِه فصَلَّى وحدَه، فقالوا له: أنافَقتَ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنِّى آتِى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فأَتاه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ أخَّرتَ العِشاءَ وإِنَّ مُعاذًا صَلَّى مَعَكَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأَمَّنا فافتَتَحَ بسورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، فلَمّا رأَيتُ ذَلِكَ تأَخَّرتُ وصَلَّيتُ (^٣)، وإِنَّما نَحنُ أصحابُ نَواضِحَ (^٤) نَعمَلُ بأَيدينا. فأَقبَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على مُعاذٍ فقالَ: \"أفَتّانٌ أنتَ يا مُعاذُ؟! أفَتّانٌ أنتَ؟! اقرأْ بسورَةِ كَذا وسورَةِ كَذا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: وأبو زكريا إلى قوله: قالا. وكتب: في آخرين قالوا\".\n(^٢) في م: \"من\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فصليت\".\n(^٤) النواضح: الابل التي يُستقى عليها، واحدها: ناضح. النهاية ٥/ ٦٩.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٥٥)، وفى المعرفة (١٢٠١، ١٤٧٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠٧)، وأبو داود (٦٠٠، ٧٩٠)، والنسائي (٨٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٥٢١، ١٦١١)، وابن حبان (١٨٤٠، ٢٤٠٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وسيأتي في (٥٣١٦، ٥٣٣٦).","vol":"5","page":589},{"text":"٥١٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: كان مُعاذٌ يُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ يأتِى فيَؤُمُّ قَومَه، فصَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةً العِشاءَ، ثُمَّ أتَى قَومَه فافتَتَحَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، فانحَرَفَ رَجُلٌ فسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وحدَه وانصرَفَ. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ بمَعناه، [لَم يَقُلْ أحَدٌ في هذا الحديثِ: وسَلَّمَ. إلّا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ] (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىِّ (^٢).\n\n٥١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ مُعاذًا - ﵁ - كان يُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ يأتِى قَومَه فيُصَلِّى بهِم. لَفظُ حَديثِ عارِمٍ، وفِي حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ: ثُمَّ يأتِى أصحابَه يَؤُمُّهُم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ليس في أصل المؤلف\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٧٧٧، ١٧٧٨) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.","vol":"5","page":590},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهْرانِىِّ (^١).\n\n٥١٦٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ كان يُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيَؤُمُّ قَومَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n٥١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ مُعاذًا كان يُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ، فيأتِى قَومَه فيُصَلِّى بهِم تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥). ومَنصورٌ هو ابنُ زاذانَ.\n\n٥١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧١١)، ومسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٦٠)، والبخاري (٧٠١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٧٧٦)، وابن حبان (٢٤٠٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٨٠).","vol":"5","page":591},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أخبرَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ مُعاذًا كان يُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ إلَى قَومِه فيُصَلِّى بهِم، هِىَ له تَطَوُّعٌ ولَهُم فريضَةٌ (^١)\n\n٥١٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فيُصَلِّى بهِم تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ، هِىَ له نافِلَةٌ ولَهُم فريضَةٌ (^٢).\n\n٥١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مِقسَمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان مُعاذٌ يُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ، ثُمَّ يأتِى قَومَه فيُصَلِّى بهِم تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\n\n٥١٧٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧٤. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٠٩ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٢٧٥. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠١٧: إسنادهما صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٤١)، وأبو داود (٥٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٣)، وابن حبان (٢٤٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، ولم يعين ابن حبان الصلاة. وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٤)، وابن حبان (٢٤٠١) من طريق ابن عجلان به، وسيأتي في (٥٣٣٨).","vol":"5","page":592},{"text":"بأَصحابِه بطائفَةٍ مِنهُم رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بالآخَرينَ (^١) رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ عن جابِرٍ (^٣). وثَبَتَ مَعناه مِن حَديثِ أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن جابِرِ (^٤).\n\n٥١٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ حَيّانَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بهَؤُلاءِ رَكعَتَينِ وبِهَؤُلاءِ رَكعَتَينِ، فكانَت لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أربَعًا ولَهُم رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ (^٦): والأخيرَةُ مِن هاتَينِ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - نافِلَةٌ ولِلآخَرينَ فريضَةٌ.\n\n٥١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ عَطاءً كان تَفوتُه العَتَمَةُ، فيأتِى والنّاسُ في القيامِ فيُصَلِّى مَعَهُم\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالأخرى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٥١) من طريق حماد به. وسيأتي في (٦١٠٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٥٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٨٤٣/ ٣١١، ٣١٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٠٨)، والنسائي (٨٣٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتي في (٦١٠٣).\n(^٦) الشافعي ١/ ١٧٣.","vol":"5","page":593},{"text":"رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ يَبنِى عَلَيها رَكعَتَينِ، وأنَّه رآه فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ويَعتَدُّ به مِنَ العَتَمَةِ (^١).\n\n٥١٧٦ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وكانَ وهبُ بنُ مُنَبِّهٍ والحَسَنُ وأبو رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىُّ يَقولونَ هذا؛ جاءَ قَومُ أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ يُريدونَ أن يُصَلُّوا الظُّهرَ فوَجَدوه قَد صَلَّى، فقالوا: ما جِئنا إلَّا لِنُصَلِّىَ مَعَكَ. فقالَ: لا أُخَيِّبُكُم. ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى بهِم. ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أبو قَطَنٍ عن أبي خَلدَةَ عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -: ويُروَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وعن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِثلُ هذا المَعنَى، ويُروَى عن أبي الدَّرداءِ وابنِ عباسٍ قَريبٌ مِنه.\n\n٥١٧٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال إنسانٌ لِطاوُسٍ: وجَدتُ النّاسَ في القيامِ فجَعَلتُها العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ. قال: أصَبتَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1088>بابُ الظُّهرِ خَلفَ مَن يُصَلِّى العَصرَ</span>\nقال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيّاتِ ولِكُلِّ امرِئٍ ما نَوَى\" (^٣).\n\n٥١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الخَليلِ (^٤) القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّلِيطِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٧٩)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٨١)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٣.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"الجليل\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣١٨.","vol":"5","page":594},{"text":"مَرْوانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا الوَضينُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن مَحفوظِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن ابنِ عائذٍ قال: دَخَلَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَسجِدَ والنّاسُ في صَلاةِ العَصرِ قَد فرَغوا مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ فصَلَّوا مَعَ النّاسِ، فلَمّا فرَغوا قال بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: كَيفَ صَنَعتُم؟ قال أحَدُهُم: جَعَلتُها الظُّهرَ ثُمَّ صَلَّيتُ العَصرَ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: جَعَلتُها العَصرَ ثُمَّ صَلَّيتُ الظُّهرَ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: جَعَلتُها لِلمَسجِدِ ثُمَّ صَلَّيتُ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ. فلَم يَعِبْ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ (^١).\n\n٥١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: إن أدرَكتَ العَصرَ ولَم تُصَلِّ الظُّهرَ فاجعَلِ التي أدرَكتَ مَعَ الإمامِ الظُّهرَ وصَلِّ العَصرَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1089>بابُ إمامَةِ الأعمَى</span>\n\n٥١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٧٨)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٣.","vol":"5","page":595},{"text":"مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، أنَّ عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يَؤُمُّ قَومَه وهو أعمَى، فقالَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -: إنَّها تَكونُ الظُّلمَةُ والمَطَرُ، وأَنا رَجُلٌ ضريرُ البَصَرِ، فصلِّ يا رسولَ اللهِ في بَيتِى مَكانًا أتَّخِذُه مُصَلًّى. فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّىَ؟ \". فأَشارَ له إلَى المَكانِ في البَيتِ، فصَلَّى فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وقالَ: مَكانٍ مِنَ البَيتِ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ المَطَرَ، وقالَ: والسَّيلُ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٥١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عِتبانَ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتاه في مَنزِلِه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وفيه قال: ورأَيتُ عِتبانَ يَؤُمُّ قَومَه بَنِى سالِمٍ في مَسجِدِهِم وهو أعمَى. لَفظُ حَديثِ البِرْتِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّه أبصَرَ عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٨٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٦٥. وأخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٣١ (٥٢) عن العباس بن الفضل به، وعنده: أبو أويس بدلًا من: مالك. وتقدم في (٣٠٣٩، ٥٠٨٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦٧)، ومسلم (٣٣/ ٢٦٣).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٤٩٨٧).","vol":"5","page":596},{"text":"٥١٨٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَحمودُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّ عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ وهو مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مِنَ الأنصارِ، أنه أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي قَد أنكَرتُ بَصَرِى، وأَنا أُصَلِّى بقَومِى، فإِذا كانَتِ الأمطارُ سالَ الوادِى الَّذِى بَينِى وبَينَهُم لَم أستَطِعْ أن آتِىَ مَسجِدَهُم فأُصَلِّىَ بهِم، ووَدِدتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّكَ تأتِى فتُصَلِّى في بَيتِى. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٥١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَنبَرِىُّ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - استَخلَفَ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ وهو أعمَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1090>بابُ إمامَةِ العَبيدِ</span>\n\n٥١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأبِى ذَرٍّ: \"اسمَعْ وأطِعْ ولَو لِحَبَشِىٍّ كأنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٤٢٥) من طريق الليث. وسيأتي في (٢٠٤١٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٠١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٠٠) من طريق عمران به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٥٥): حسن صحيح.","vol":"5","page":597},{"text":"رأسَه زَبيبَةٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه انتَهَى إلَى الرَّبَذَةِ وقَد أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فإِذا عبدٌ يَؤُمُّهُم. قال: فقيلَ: هذا أبو ذَرٍّ. فذَهَبَ يَتأَخَّرُ، فقالَ أبو ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -: أوصانِى خَليلِى - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ؛ أسمَعُ وأُطيعُ (^٣) ولَو كان عبدًا حَبَشيًّا مُجَدَّعَ الأطرافِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٥).\n\n٥١٨٦ - ورَواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: فإِذا عبدٌ يُصَلِّى بهِم، فقالوا لأبِى ذَرٍّ: تَقَدَّمْ. فأَبَى، فتَقَدَّمَ العَبدُ فصَلَّى بهِم، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٢٠٠)، ومن طريقه أبو القاسم البغوي في الجعديات (١٤٢٢)، وأبو محمد البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٤٥٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وأطع\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٦٢) عن ابن بشار به. وأحمد (٢١٤٢٨) عن محمد بن جعفر. وابن حبان (١٧١٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٣٧/ عقب ٣٦).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٨٣٧/ عقب ٣٦).","vol":"5","page":598},{"text":"٥١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّهُم كانوا يأتونَ عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - بأَعلَى الوادِى هو وعُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ والمِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ وناسٌ كَثيرٌ، فيَؤُمُّهُم أبو عمرٍو مَولَى عائشَةَ، وأبو عمرٍو غُلامُها حينَئذٍ لَم يَعتِقْ، وكانَ إمامَ بَنِى محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ وعُروَةَ (^١).\n\n٥١٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ الحِمصِىُّ بحِمصَ في صَفَرٍ سنةَ سَبعٍ وسِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حِميَرِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا عمرٍو ذَكوانَ كان عبدًا لِعائشَةَ فأَعتَقَته، وكانَ يَقومُ لَها في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ يَؤُمُّها وهو عبدٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1091>بابُ إمامَةِ المَوالِى</span>\n\n٥١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عياضٍ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٨٧)، والشافعي ١/ ١٦٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦١٦٥)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٩٤٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه مالك ١/ ١١٦ عن هشام به.","vol":"5","page":599},{"text":"الهَيثَمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لما قَدِمَ المُهاجِرونَ الأوَّلونَ نَزَلوا العُصبَةَ (^١) قَبلَ مَقدَمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَ يَؤُمُّهُم سالِمٌ مَولَى أبى حُذَيفَةَ، وكانَ أكثَرَهُم قُرآنًا. زادَ الهَيثَمُ: وفيهِم عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الأسَدِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ (^٣).\n\n٥١٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا أخبَرَهُم، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه قال: كان سالِمٌ مَولَى أبى حُذَيفَةَ يَؤُمُّ المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ وأَصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأنصارِ في مَسجِدِ قُباءٍ؛ فيهِم أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وأبو سلمةَ وزَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ وعامِرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: كَذا قال في هذا وفيما قَبلَه: فيهِم أبو بكرٍ (^٥). ولَعَلَّه في وقتٍ آخَرَ؛ فإِنَّه إنَّما قَدِمَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ويَحتَمِلُ أن تكونَ إمامَتُه إيّاهُم قَبلَ قُدومِه وبَعدَه، وقَولُ الرّاوِى: وفيهِم أبو بكرٍ. أرادَ: بَعدَ قُدومِه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) العصبة: موضع بالمدينة عند قباء، وضبطه بعضهم بفتح العين والصاد. النهاية ٣/ ٢٤٦. وقال ابن حجر: المعروف: المعصب. بوزن محمد. الفتح ٢/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٨٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥١١) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٧١٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) ليس فيما قبله ذكر أبى بكر - ﵁ -.","vol":"5","page":600},{"text":"٥١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عامِرُ بنُ واثِلَةَ اللَّيثِىُّ، أنَّ نافِعَ بنَ عبدِ الحارِثِ الخُزاعِىَّ لَقِىَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بعُسْفانَ (^١)، وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - استَعمَلَه على أهلِ مَكَّةَ، فسَلَّمَ على عُمَرَ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: مَنِ استَخلَفتَ على أهلِ الوادِى؟ فقالَ: استَخلَفتُ عَلَيهِمُ ابنَ أبزَى. فقالَ عُمَرُ: مَنِ ابنُ أبزَى؟ فقالَ نافِعٌ: مَولًى مِن مَوالينا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: واستَخلَفتَ عَلَيهِم مَولًى. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّه قارِئٌ لِكِتابِ اللهِ عالِمٌ بالفَرائضِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أما إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ يَرفَعُ بهَذا الكِتابِ أقوامًا ويَضَعُ به آخَرينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1092>بابُ كَراهيَةِ إمامَةِ الأعجَمِىِّ واللَّحّانِ</span>\n\n٥١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً في سَفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) عسفان: بلدة على ٨٠ كيلا من مكة شمالا على الجادة إلى المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٠٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٦٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢)، ومسلم (٨١٧/ ٢٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢١٨)، وابن حبان (٧٧٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨١٧/ عقب ٢٦٩).","vol":"5","page":601},{"text":"فليَؤُمَّهُم أحَدُهُم، وأحَقُّهُم بالإِمامَةِ أقرَؤُهُم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّسْتُوائىِّ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ: اجتَمَعَت جَماعَةٌ فيما حَولَ مَكَّةَ. قال: حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: في أعلَى الوادِى ههُنا وفِي الحَجِّ. قال: فحانَتِ الصَّلاةُ فتَقَدَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِن آلِ أبى السّائبِ أعجَمِىُّ اللِّسانِ. قال: فأَخَّرَه المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ وقَدَّمَ غَيرَه، فبَلَغَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فلَم يُعَرِّفْه بشَئٍ حَتَّى جاءَ المَدينَةَ، فلَمّا جاءَ المَدينَةَ عَرَّفَه بذَلِكَ. فقالَ المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ: أنظِرنِى يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؛ إنَّ الرَّجُلَ كان أعجَمِىَّ اللِّسانِ، وكانَ في الحَجِّ، فخَشيتُ أن يَسمَعَ بَعضُ الحاجِّ قِراءَتَه فيأخُذَ بعُجمَتِهِ. فقالَ: هُنالِكَ ذَهَبتَ بها؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقالَ: قَد أصَبتَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1093>بابُ لا يأتَمُّ رَجُلٌ بامرأةٍ</span>\n\n٥١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٢٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣١٤)، والنسائي (٧٨١)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٨)، وابن حبان (٢١٣٢) من طريق هشام به. ولفظ السفر عند ابن حبان وحده.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٢/ ٢٨٩ وعقبه).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٨٨)، والشافعي ١/ ١٦٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٨٥٢) عن ابن جريج. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٢١: فيه انقطاع.","vol":"5","page":602},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: قَد نَفَعَنِى اللَّهُ بكَلِمَةٍ سَمِعتُها مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ما كِدتُ أن ألحَقَ بأَصحابِ الجَمَلِ فأُقاتِلَ مَعَهُم، بَلَغَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّ أهلَ فارِسَ مَلَّكوا عَلَيهِمُ ابنَةَ كِسرَى. فقالَ: \"لَن يُفلِحَ قَومٌ ولَّوْا أمرَهُمُ امرأةً\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ الهَيثَمِ (^٢).\n\n٥١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، حدثنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ أوَّلُها وشَرُّها آخِرُها، وخَيرُ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ آخِرُها وشَرُّها أوَّلُها\" (^٣).\n\n٥١٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n٥١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٣٨)، والترمذي (٢٢٦٢)، والنسائي (٥٤٠٣) من طريق الحسن به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٢٥، ٧٠٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٨١٩) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٨٦٤٤)، وأبو داود (٦٧٨) من طريق سهيل به. وسيأتي في (٥٢٣٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٤٠/ ١٣٢).","vol":"5","page":603},{"text":"يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الوَليدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على مِنبَرِه يقولُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"ألا ولا تَؤُمَّنَّ امرأةٌ رَجُلًا\" (^١). وهَذا حَديثٌ في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ. ويُروَى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - مِن قَولِهِ (^٢). وهو مَذهَبُ الفُقَهاءِ السَّبعَةِ مِنَ التّابِعينَ فمَن بَعدَهُم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1094>بابٌ: اجعَلوا أئمَّتَكُم خيارَكُم، وما جاءَ في إمامَةِ ولَدِ الزِّنى</span>\n\n٥١٩٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمعَجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ، فإِن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سَواءً، أظُنُّه قال: فأعلَمُهُم بالسُّنَّةِ، فإِن كانوا في السُّنَّةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإِن كانوا في الهِجرَةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم سِنًّا، ولا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ في سُلطانِه، ولا يُجلَسُ على تَكرِمَتِه (^٣) في بَيتِه إلا بإِذنِه\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٦١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٨١) من طريق الوليد به. وسيأتي في (٥٦٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٩٩٢) بلفظ: \"لا تؤم المرأة\".\n(^٣) التكرمة: فراشه. يريد الذي يكرم بالإجلاس عليه من يقصده، وكذلك الوساد وشبهه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٨٤) عن الحسن بن على به. والترمذي (٢٣٥) من طريق ابن نمير به. والنسائي (٧٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (٥٣٥٠).","vol":"5","page":604},{"text":"حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n٥١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أسَدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلوا أئمَّتَكُم خيارَكُم؛ فإِنَّهُم وفدُكُم فيما بَينَكُم وبَينَ رَبِّكُم\" (^٢). إسنادُ هذا الحديثِ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٥٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهْرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان يَؤُمُّ ناسًا بالعَقيقِ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ فنَهاه. قال مالكٌ: وإِنَّما نَهاه لأنَّه كان لا يُعرَفُ أبوه (^٣) (^٤).\n\n٥٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ ابنُ أخِى عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ قال: سأَلتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ عن ولَدِ الزِّنى: إن مَرِضَ أعودُهُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: فإِن ماتَ أُصَلِّى عَلَيهِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: فإِن شَهِدَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٧٣/ ٢٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٨٧ عن محمد بن أحمد به.\n(^٣) في س: \"القرآن\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٣٤، ومن طريقه الشافعي ١/ ١٦٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦١٤٩) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"5","page":605},{"text":"تَجوزُ شَهادَتُهُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: يَؤُمُّ؟ قال: نَعَم.\n\n٥٢٠٢ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: وحَدَّثَنا زَيدٌ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى السَّفْرُ بنُ نُسَيرٍ الأسَدِىُّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إنَّما قال: \"ولَدُ الزِّنى شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\". إنْ أبَوَيه أسلَما ولَم يُسلِمْ هو، فَقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هو شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\". وهَذا مُرسَلٌ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: ما عَلَيه مِن وِزرِ أبَوَيه شَئٌ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤]. تَعنِى: ولَدَ الزِّنى (^٢). وعن الشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ والزُّهرِىِّ في ولَدِ الزِّنى أنَّه يَؤُمُّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1095>بابُ إمامَةِ الصَّبِىِّ الَّذِى لَم يَبلُغْ</span>\n\n٥٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ سلِمةَ قال: وهو حَىٌّ، أفَلا تَلقاه فتَسأَلَه؟ قال أيّوبُ: فلَقيتُ عَمرًا فقالَ: كُنّا بحَضرَةِ ماءٍ مَمَرٍّ لِلنّاسِ، وكانَ يَمُرُّ بنا الرُّكبانُ فنَسأَلُهُم: ما هذا الأمرُ، ما لِلنّاسِ؟ فيَقولونَ: نَبيًّا (^٤) يَزعُمُ أنَّ اللهَ ﷿ أرسَلَه، وأَنَّ اللهَ أوحَى إلَيه كَذا وكَذا.\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٢٢: من أوهى المراسيل وأعضلها.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٠٠١٦) مسندًا.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٦١٣٩، ٦١٤١، ٦١٤٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"نبينا\".","vol":"5","page":606},{"text":"فجَعَلتُ أحفَظُ ذَلِكَ الكَلامَ، فكأَنَّما يُغرَى في صَدرِى بغِراءٍ، وكانَتِ العَرَبُ تَلَوَّمُ (^١) بإِسلامِها الفَتحَ ويَقولونَ: أنظِروه في قَومِه، فإِن ظَهَرَ عَلَيهِم فهو نَبِىٌّ وهو صادِقٌ. فلَمّا جاءَت وقعَةُ الفَتحِ بادَرَ كُلُّ قَومٍ بإِسلامِهِم، وانطَلَقَ أبى بإِسلامِ حِوائِنا (^٢) ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا [قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَقامَ عِندَه، فلَمّا أقبَلَ] (^٣) مِن عِندِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَلَقَّيناه، فلَمّا رآنا قال: جِئتُكُم واللهِ مِن عِندِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَقًّا، وإِنَّه يأمُرُكُم بكَذا، ويَنهاكُم عن كَذا، وقالَ: صَلُّوا صَلاةَ كَذا في حينِ كَذا، وصَلاةَ كَذا في حينِ كَذا، فإِذا حَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم أحَدُكُم، وليَؤُمَّكُم أكثَرُكُم قُرآنًا. فنَظَروا في أهلِ حِوائنا ذَلِكَ فما وجَدوا أحَدًا أكثَرَ مِنِّى قُرآنًا؛ لِما كُنتُ ألقَى مِنَ الرُّكبانِ، فقَدَّمونِى (^٤) بَينَ أيديهِم وأَنا ابنُ سَبعِ سِنينَ أو سِتِّ سِنينَ، وكانَت علىَّ بُردَةٌ فيها صِغَرٌ فإِذا سَجَدتُ تَقَلَّصَت عَنِّى، فقالَتِ امرأَةٌ مِنَ الحَىِّ: ألا تُغَطُّونَ عَنّا استَ قارِئِكُم؟ فكَسَوْنِى قَميصًا مِن مُعَقَّدِ (^٥) البحرَينِ، فما فَرِحتُ بشَئٍ فرَحِى بذَلِكَ القَميصِ (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) تلوَّم: تنتظر. أراد تتلوَّم فحذف إحدى التاءين تخفيفًا. النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) الحواء: بيوت مجتمعة من الناس على ماء. النهاية ١/ ٤٦٥.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) في ن: \"فأقامونى\".\n(^٥) المعقد. ضرب من برود هجر. الفائق ٢/ ٣٨٢.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٦٣٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأبو داود (٥٨٥) من طريق حماد عن أيوب عن عمرو بن سلمة. وأحمد (١٥٩٠٢) من طريق أبى قلابة به مختصرًا.\n(^٧) البخاري (٤٣٠٢).","vol":"5","page":607},{"text":"٥٢٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنى ابنَ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ سلِمةَ قال: لما رَجَعَ قَومِى مِن عِندِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: إنَّه قال لَنا: \"ليَؤُمَّكُم أكثَرُكُم قِراءَةً لِلقُرآنِ\". قال: فدَعَوْنِى فعَلَّمُونِى الرُّكوعَ والسُّجودَ، فكُنتُ أُصَلِّى بهِم وأَنا غُلامٌ وعَلَىَّ بُردَةٌ مَفتوقَةٌ، فكانوا يَقولونَ لأبِى: ألا تُغَطِّى عَنّا استَ ابنِكَ (^١)؟\nورَواه مِسعَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ سَلِمَةَ:\n\n٥٢٠٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهَ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ الجَرْمِىُّ، وكانَ شَيخًا كَيِّسًا حَىَّ الفُؤادِ، حَدَّثَناه عن عمرِو بنِ سلِمةَ قال: قَدِمَ قَومِى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ما قَرَءُوا القُرآنَ. فلَمّا قَضَوْا حَوائجَهُم فسأَلوه مَن يَؤُمُّهُم؟ فقالَ: \"أكثَرُكُم جَمعًا لِلقُرآنِ، أو أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ\". قال: فرَجَعوا إلَى قَومِهِم فسأَلوهُم فلَم يَجِدوا أحَدًا أجمَعَ أو أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ مِنِّى. قال: فقَدَّمونِى وأَنا غُلامٌ، فكُنتُ أُصَلِّى لَهُم، أو أُصَلِّى بهِم. قال: فما شَهِدتُ مَجمَعًا إلَّا كُنتُ إمامَهُم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1096>بابٌ: لا يأتَمُّ مسلمٌ بكافِرٍ</span>\nلِقَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ\". ولَم تَكُنْ صَلاةُ الكافِرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٥٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٧٦٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٧٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٣٢)، وأبو داود (٥٨٧) من طريق مسعر به، وعندهما: عمرو بن سلمة عن أبيه. . .","vol":"5","page":608},{"text":"إسلامًا مِنه إذا لَم يَتكَلَّمْ بالإِسلامِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ.\n\n٥٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^١). وعن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فإِذا قالوها مَنَعوا مِنِّى دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللهِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ المِسمَعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن واقِدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ عَصَموا مِنِّى دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩٨٧) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٢٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٦٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٢٧)، والنسائي (٣٩٨٦) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (١٥٩٤٢، ١٨٦٦٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٥٢). وأخرجه البخاري (٢٥)، وابن حبان (٢١٩) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٦٥٧٥).","vol":"5","page":609},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ المِسمَعِىِّ (^١).\n\n٥٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنى حُمَيدٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ المُشرِكينَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، فإِذا شَهِدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، وصَلَّوا صَلاتَنا، واستقبَلُوا قِبلَتَنا، وأكَلوا ذَبيحَتَنا حَرُمَت عَلَينا أموالُهُم ودِماؤُهُم إلا بحَقِّها، له ما لِلمُسلِمِ، وعَلَيه ما على المُسلِمِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1097>بابُ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ بصَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ لَمْ يُقَدِّمْهُ</span>\n\n٥٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شِيرُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بَزِيعٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: تَخَلَّفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وتَخَلَّفتُ مَعَه. فلَمّا قَضَى حاجَتَه قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢/ ٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وتقدم في (٢٢٢٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٩٣).","vol":"5","page":610},{"text":"\"مَعَكَ ماءٌ؟ \". فأَتَيتُه بمِطهَرَةٍ فغَسَلَ وجهَه وكَفَّيه، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَحسِرُ عن ذِراعَيه فضاقَ كُمُّ الجُبَّةِ فأَخرَجَ يَدَه مِنَ الجُبَّةِ، وأَلقَى الجُبَّةَ على مَنكِبَيه وغَسَلَ ذِراعَيه، ومَسَحَ بناصيَتِه، وعَلَى العِمامَةِ، وعَلَى خُفَّيه، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ ورَكِبتُ، فانتَهَينا إلَى القَومِ وقَد قامُوا في الصَّلاةِ، فصلَّى بهِم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ، وقَد رَكَعَ بهِم رَكعَةً. فلَمّا أحَسَّ بالنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ذَهَبَ يَتأَخَّرُ، فأَومأ إلَيه فصَلَّى بهِم، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وقُمتُ مَعَه فرَكَعنا الرَّكعَةَ التي سُبِقْنا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بَزيعٍ هَكَذا (^٢). ورَواه مُسَدَّدٌ وحُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ وجَماعَةٌ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن حُمَيدٍ عن بكرٍ عن حَمزَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1098>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَفتَتِحَ الرَّجُلُ الصَّلاةَ لِنَفسِه ثُمَّ يَدخُلَ مَعَ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٥٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ (^٤) بنُ حَربٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المَعنَى، عن وُهَيبٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمامُ ليُؤتَمَّ بهِ، فإِذا كَبَّرَ فكَبِّروا، ولا تُكَبِّروا حَتَّى يُكَبِّرَ، وإِذا رَكَعَ فاركَعوا، ولا تَركَعوا حَتَّى يَركَعَ، وإِذا قال: سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. فقولوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدِ -\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٤)، وفى المعرفة (٥٨). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٦٥٤) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ٨١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٦٩، ٢٨٢).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"زهير\".","vol":"5","page":611},{"text":"قال مسلمٌ: ولَكَ الحَمدُ - وإِذا سَجَدَ فاسجُدوا، ولا تَسجُدوا حَتَّى يَسجُدَ، وإِذا صَلَّى قائمًا فصَلُّوا قيامًا، وإِذا صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلُّوا قُعودًا أجمَعينَ\". قال أبو داودَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنا لَكَ الحَمدُ\". أفهَمَنِى بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن سُلَيمانَ (^١).\n\n٥٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السُّوسِىُّ (^٢) وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا سَمِعتُمُ الإقامَةَ فامشُوا وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فاقضُوا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ وقالَ: \"فأتِمّوا\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه دُحَيمٌ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ: \"فأتِمّوا\".\n\n٥٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٠٢) من طريق وهيب به. وتقدم في (٢٦٣١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٦٣).\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"السدوسى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٩٣)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. ومسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥١)، وأبو داود (٥٧٢)، والترمذي (٣٢٧)، والنسائي (٨٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٧٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٥) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٣٦، ٩٠٨).","vol":"5","page":612},{"text":"أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشَيخِ، أخبرَنا المَروَزِىُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن مُعاذٍ قال: كانوا يأتونَ الصَّلاةَ وقَد سَبَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ فيُشيرونَ إلَيهِم كَم صَلَّى بالأصابِعِ؛ واحِدَةً، ثِنتَينِ، فجاءَ مُعاذٌ وقَد سَبَقَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ، فدَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: لا أجِدُه على حالٍ إلَّا كُنتُ عَلَيها ثُمَّ قَضيتُ. فجاءَ وقَد سَبَقَه ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ، فدَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ قامَ مُعاذٌ يَقضِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد سَنَّ لَكُم مُعاذٌ، هَكَذا فافعَلوا\" (^١).\n\n٥٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: وحَدَّثَنا أصحابُنا قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا جاءَ يُصَلِّى فيُخبَرُ بما سُبِقَ مِن صَلاتِه، وإِنَّهُم قاموا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن بَينِ قائمٍ وراكِعٍ، وقاعِدٍ ومُصَلٍّ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فجاءَ مُعاذٌ فأَشاروا إلَيهِ - قال شُعبَةُ: وهَذِه سَمِعتُها مِن حُصَينٍ يَعنِى: عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: فقالَ مُعاذٌ: لا أَراه على حالٍ إلَّا كُنتُ عَلَيها، قالَ: فقالَ: \"إن مُعاذًا قَد سَنَّ لَكُم سُنَّةً، كَذَلِكَ فافعَلوا\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ١٣٢ (٢٧٠) من طريق محمد بن يحيى به. وتقدم في (١٨٥٨، ١٩٩٩، ٣٦٦٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٠٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٨).","vol":"5","page":613},{"text":"٥٢١٤ - ورَواه غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ إلَى قَولِه: مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. ثُمَّ قال: قال عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ: وحَدَّثَنِى بها حُصَينٌ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى: حَتَّى جاءَ مُعاذٌ - قال شُعبَةُ: وقَد سَمِعتُها مِن حُصَينٍ - فقالَ: لا أَراه على حالٍ. إلَى قَولِه: \"كَذَلِكَ فافعَلوا\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1099>بابُ مَن أباحَ الدُّخولَ في صَلاةِ الإمامِ بَعدَ ما افتَتَحَها</span>\n\n٥٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: لَما مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَضَه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه أتاه بلالٌ يُؤذِنُه بالصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فقالت: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ أسيفٌ، وإِنَّه إن يَقُمْ مَقامَكَ يَبكِى فلا يَقدِرُ على القِراءَةِ. فقالَ: \"مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ - في الثّالِثَةِ أو في الرّابِعَةِ - إنَّكُنَّ صَواحِبُ يوسُفَ، مُرُوا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فقامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّى (^٢) بالنّاسِ، وخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُهادَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ، كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه يَخُطُّ برِجلَيه الأرضَ. فلَمّا رآه أبو بكرٍ ذَهَبَ يَتأَخَّرُ، فأَشارَ إلَيه أن صَلِّ، فقامَ أبو بكرٍ وقَعَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى جَنبِه يُصَلِّى، وأبو بكرٍ يُسمِعُ النّاسَ (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٠٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فصلى\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٧٠٤).","vol":"5","page":614},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^١) عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٥٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا ابنُ (^٣) عائشةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ في الصَّلاةِ ثُمَّ أومأَ إلَيهِم أن مَكانَكُم، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بَيتَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، فدَخَل في الصَّلاةِ فصَلَّى بهِم، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ قال: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنِّى كُنتُ جُنُبًا\" (^٤).\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الخامسُ\nويتلوه الجزءُ السادسُ\nوأولُه: جِماعُ أبوابِ مَوقِفِ الإمامِ والمأمومِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٣، م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٢)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٥، ٩٦).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٤٧.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٤١٢٠).","vol":"5","page":615},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1100>جِماعُ أبوابِ مَوقِفِ الإمامِ والمأمومِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1101>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يأتَمُّ برَجُلٍ</span>\n\n٥٢١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَدائنِىُّ، أخبرَنا ورقاءُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فانتَهَينا إلَى مَشرَعَةٍ (^١) فقالَ: \"ألا تُشرِعُ يا جابِرُ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَشرَعتُ. قال: ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِحاجَتِه ووَضَعتُ له وَضُوءًا فجاءَ فتَوَضّأَ، ثُمَّ قامَ يُصَلِّى في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ خالَفَ بَينَ طَرَفَيهِ، فقُمتُ خَلفَه فأَخَذَ بأُذُنِى فجَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَدائنِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1102>بابُ الصَّبِىِّ يأتَمُّ برَجُلٍ</span>\n\n٥٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ\n_________\n(^١) المشرعة: حيث يتوصل من حافة النهر إلى مائه. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٤٧٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٦٦/ ١٩٦).","vol":"6","page":5},{"text":"قال: بتُّ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ عِندَ خالَتِى مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ - ﵂ -. قال: فقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى مِنَ اللَّيلِ. قال: فقُمتُ عن يَسارِه أُصَلِّى بصَلاتِه. قال: فأَخَذَ بذُؤابٍ كان لِى - أو برأسِى - فأَقامَنِى عن يَمينِه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1103>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يأتَمُّ برَجُلٍ فيَجِئُ آخَرُ</span>\n\n٥٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ويَحيَى بنُ الفَضلِ السِّجِستانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ أبو حَزرَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ قال: سِرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةٍ (^٣) فقامَ يُصَلِّى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ جِئتُ حَتَّى قُمتُ عن يَسارِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَخَذَ بيَدِى (^٤) فأَدارَنِى حَتَّى أقامَنِى عن يَمينِهِ، فَجاءَ ابنُ صَخرٍ حَتَّى قامَ عن يَسارِه، فأَخَذَنا بيَدَيه جَميعًا حَتَّى أقامَنا خَلفَه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَخَذَنا بيَدَيه جَميعًا فدَفَعَنا حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥١٥)، والشعب (٦٤٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٣)، وأبو داود (٦١١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩١٩).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"سفرة\".\n(^٤) في س: \"بأذنى\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٦٣٤). وتقدم في (٣٣٣٢).","vol":"6","page":6},{"text":"أقامَنا خَلفَه (^١).\n\n٥٢٢٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1104>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يأتَمُّ بالرَّجُلِ ومَعَه امرأَةٌ أوِ امرأَتانِ</span>\n\n٥٢٢١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُختارِ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَّه وامرأةً مِنهُم، فجَعَلَه عن يَمينِه والمَرأَةَ خَلفَهُما (^٣).\n\n٥٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأزدِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُختارِ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى به\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٣٠١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٩٧٢) عن على بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٤٤)، وأبو داود (٦٠٩)، والنسائي (٨٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٣٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٥٢٨٧).\n(^٤) في س: \"الأودى\".","vol":"6","page":7},{"text":"وبِامرأَةٍ. قال: فأَقامَنِى عن يَمينِه والمَرأَةَ خَلفَنا. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وما نَحنُ إلَّا أنا وأُمِّى وخالَتِى أُمُّ حَرامٍ فقالَ: \"قوموا أُصَلِّى بكُم\". فصَلَّى بنا في غَيرِ وقتِ صَلاةٍ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ لِثابِتٍ: فأَينَ جَعَلَ أنَسًا؟ قال: جَعَلَه عن يَمينِهِ. فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه دَعا لَنا أهلَ البَيتِ بكُلِّ خَيرٍ مِن أمرِ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ، فقالَت أُمِّى: يا رسولَ اللهِ، خُوَيدِمُكَ، ادعُ اللهَ له. قال: فدَعا لِى بكُلِّ خَيرٍ، فكانَ في آخِرِ ما دَعا لِى أن قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أكثِرْ مالَه ووَلَدَه وبارِكْ له فيه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1105>بابُ الرَّجُلَينِ يأتَمّانِ برَجُلٍ</span>\n\n٥٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ قال: إنِّي لأعقِلُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٦٠/ ٢٦٩ وعقبه).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢١٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠١٣)، والنسائي (٨٠١) من طريق سليمان به. وتقدم في (٤٩٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٦٠/ ٢٦٨).","vol":"6","page":8},{"text":"مَجَّةً مَجَّها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن دَلوٍ في دارِنا. قال مَحمودٌ: فحَدَّثَنِى عِتبانُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ بَصَرِى قَد ساءَ. يَعنِى: وإِنَّ الأمطارَ إذا اشتَدَّت وسالَ الوادِى حالَ بَينِى وبَينَ الصَّلاةِ في مَسجِدِ قَومِى، فلَو صَلَّيتَ في مَنزِلِى مَكانًا أتَّخِذُه مُصَلًّى؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\". قال: فغَدا علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه أبو بكرٍ فاستأذَنا فأُذِنَ لَهُما، فما جَلَسَ حَتَّى قال: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّىَ في مَنزِلِكَ؟ \". فأَشَرتُ له إلَى ناحيَةٍ، فتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَفَفنا خَلفَه، فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ، وحَبَسْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على جَشيشَةٍ (^١) صَنَعناها لَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بالهاجِرَةِ فوَجَدتُه يُسَبِّحُ فقُمتُ وراءَه، فقَرَّبَنِى حَتَّى جَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِه، فلَمّا جاءَ يَرْفا (^٤) تأَخَّرتُ فصفَفنا وراءَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الجشيشة: أن تطحن الحنطة طحنًا جليلًا ثم تجعل في القدور ويلقى عليها لحم أو تمر وتطبخ. النهاية ١/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٣٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وتقدم في (٤٩٨٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣/ ٢٦٥).\n(^٤) يرفا مولى عمر بن الخطاب.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٥٤، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٥، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٠٧.","vol":"6","page":9},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ - ﵄ -: إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً يَقومُ الاثنانِ وراءَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1106>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يأتَمُّ بالرَّجُلِ ومَعَهُما صَبِىٌّ وامرأَةٌ</span>\n\n٥٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) [وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ] (^٢) (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ جَدَّتَه مُلَيكَةَ دَعَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِطَعامٍ صَنَعَته، فأَكَلَ مِنه ثُمَّ قال: \"قومُوا فلأُصَلِّى بكُم\". قال أنَسٌ: فقُمتُ إلَى حَصيرٍ لَنا قَدِ اسوَدَّ مِن طولِ ما لُبِسَ (^٣) فنَضَحتُه بماءٍ، فقامَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وصَفَفتُ أنا واليَتيمُ وراءَه، والعَجوزُ مِن ورائنا، فصَلَّى لَنا رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٠٧ من فعل عمر، وابن أبي شيبة (٤٩٨١) من قول على بن أبى طالب.\n(^٢) عَلّم عليه في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على السند المعلم عليه\".\n(^٣) لبس: أي افترش على الأرض. فتح الباري ١/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٠٣)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١١١، والشافعي ٧/ ١٨٥، ومالك ١/ ١٥٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٣٤٠)، والترمذي (٢٣٤)، والنسائي (٨٠٠)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٦١٢) عن القعنبى به.","vol":"6","page":10},{"text":"يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1107>بابُ الرِّجالِ يأتَمّونَ بالرَّجُلِ ومَعَهُم صِبيانٌ ونِساءٌ</span>\n\n٥٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِيَلِينِّى (^٢) مِنكُم أولو الأحلامِ والنُّهَى، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم - ثَلاثًا - وإيّاكُم وهَيْشاتِ الأسواقِ (^٣) \". لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدٍ بإِسنادِه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لِيَلِينِّى مِنكُم ذَوو الأحلامِ والنُّهَى، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ولا تَختَلِفوا فتَختَلِفَ قُلوبُكُم، وإيّاكُم وهَوْشاتِ الأسواقِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٨٠، ٨٦٠)، ومسلم (٦٥٨/ ٢٦٦).\n(^٢) في صحيح مسلم: \"ليلنى\". قال النووي: بكسر اللامين وتخفيف النون من غير ياء قبل النون ويجوز إثبات الياء وتشديد النون على التوكيد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٤/ ١٥٤.\n(^٣) هيشات الأسواق، أو هوشات الأسواق: اختلاطها والمنازعة والخصومات، وارتفاع الأصوات واللغط والفتن التي فيها. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٥٠٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٧٣)، وأبو داود (٦٧٥)، والترمذي (٢٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٧٢)، وابن حبان (٢١٨٠) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٣٢/ ١٢٣).","vol":"6","page":11},{"text":"٥٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ المِهْرَجانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ مَناكِبَنا في الصَّلاةِ ويَقولُ: \"لا تَختَلِفوا فتَختَلِفَ قُلوبُكُم، لِيلِيَنى مِنكُم أولو الأحلامِ والنُّهَى، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم\" (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُحِبُّ أن يَليَه المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ في الصَّلاةِ ليأخُذوا عَنه (^٣).\n\n٥٢٣٠ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ فقالَ: حدثنا حُمَيدٌ قال: حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَه بمَعناه. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٠٢)، وأبو داود (٦٧٤)، والنسائي (٨٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٩٧٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٧٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٣٢/ ١٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٦٤) عن يزيد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣١١)، وابن ماجه (٩٧٧)، وابن حبان (٧٢٥٨) من طريق حميد به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٥٣): هذا إسناد رجاله ثقات.","vol":"6","page":12},{"text":"٥٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ (^١)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عَيّاشُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا بُدَيلٌ، حدثنا شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ قال: قال أبو مالكٍ الأشعَرِىُّ: ألا أُحَدِّثُكُم بصَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: أقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصَفَّ، يَعنِى الرِّجالَ، وصَفَّ خَلفَهُمُ الغِلمانَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بهِم. قال: فجَعَلَ إذا سَجَدَ وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه كَبَّرَ، وإِذا قامَ مِنَ الرَّكعَتَينِ كَبَّرَ وسَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه وعن شِمالِه، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا صَلاةُ. قال عبدُ الأعلَى: لا أحسِبُه إلَّا قال: صَلاةُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٥٢٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخَوّاصُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ ماهانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبِ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشعَرِىِّ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَليه في الصَّلاةِ الرِّجالُ ثُمَّ الصِّبيانُ ثُمَّ النِّساءُ (^٣). هذا الإِسنادُ ضَعيفٌ، والأوَّلُ أقوَى واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"العطار\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٧٧) من طريق عياش به. وأحمد (٢٢٩١٧) من طريق قرة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحارث بن أبي أسامة (١٤٦ - بغية) من طريق الليث به. وذكره ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ٢٨٨ من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"6","page":13},{"text":"إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ أوَّلُها، وشَرُّها آخِرُها، وخَيرُ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ آخِرُها، وشَرُّها أوَّلُها\" (^١).\n\n٥٢٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي المَوتِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ المِهْرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ ابنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ أوَّلُها وشَرُّها آخِرُها، وخَيرُ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ آخِرُها وشَرُّها أوَّلُها\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"رواه مسلم في الصحيح عن قتيبة بن سعيد\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"بخطه: لم يدخل في السماع\".\nوالحديث أخرجه مسلم (٤٤٠/ عقب ١٣٢)، والترمذي (٢٢٤) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (١٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٦١) من طريق الدراوردى به. وتقدم في (٥١٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٨٦) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به.","vol":"6","page":14},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1108>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقِفُ في آخِرِ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ لَيَنظُرَ إلَى النِّساءِ، ولا يُفَكِّرُ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿يَعْلَمُ خَائِنَةَ الْأَعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ﴾ [غافر: ١٩]</span>\n\n٥٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ قَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ مالكٍ النُّكْرِىُّ (^١)، عن أبي الجَوزاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ امرأَةٌ تُصَلِّى خَلفَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أجمَلُ النّاسِ، فكانَ ناسٌ في آخِرِ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ فنَظَروا إلَيها. قال: وكانَ أحَدُهُم يَنظُرُ إلَيها مِن تَحتِ إبطِه، وكانَ أحَدُهُم يَتَقَدَّمُ إلَى الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ لا يَراها. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا الْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا الْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ﴾ (^٢) [الحجر: ٢٤].\n\n٥٢٣٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ ببغدادَ (^٣)، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ قَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِهِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: كانَت تُصَلِّى خَلفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - امرأَةٌ حَسناءُ مِن أحسَنِ النّاسِ، وكانَ بَعضُ القَومِ يَستَقدِمُ في الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ لِئلَّا يَراها، ويَستأخِرُ بَعضُهُم حَتَّى يَكونَ في الصَّفِّ المُؤَخَّرِ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"البكرى\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٨٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٨٣)، والترمذي (٣١٢٢)، والنسائي (٨٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٠٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٩٦)، وابن حبان (٤٠١) من طريق نوح به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٢٩: رواه جعفر بن سليمان عن عمرو عن أبي الجوزاء مرسلا وهو أشبه، وعمرو صدوق.\n(^٣) زيادة من: م.","vol":"6","page":15},{"text":"فإِذا رَكَعَ قال هَكَذا، ونَظَرَ مِن تَحتِ إبطِه وجافَى يَدَه، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎ في شأنِها: ﴿وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا الْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا الْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ﴾ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1109>بابٌ: المأمومُ يُخالِفُ السُّنَّةَ في المَوقِفِ فيَقِفُ عن يَسارِ الإمامِ فلا تَفسُدُ صَلاتُه</span>\nوقَد مَضَى في هذا حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ وجابِرٍ حَيثُ وقَفَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على يَسارِه، وأَنَّه حَوَّلَه إلَى يَمينِه ولَم يأمُرْه باستِقبالِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وعَلقَمَةُ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بالهاجِرَةِ، فلَمّا أن مالَتِ الشَّمسُ أقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فقُمتُ أنا وصاحِبِى خَلفَه، فأَخَذَ بيَدِى وبيَدِ صاحِبِى فجَعَلَنا عن يَمينِه ويَسارِهِ، فقامَ بَينَنا وقالَ: هَكَذا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً. فصَلَّى بنا، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: إنَّها سَتَكونُ أئمَّةٌ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن مَواقيتِها فلا تَنتَظِروهُم بها، واجعَلوا الصَّلاةَ مَعَهُم سُبحَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٤٤٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٥٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٢١٧، ٥٢١٨). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٢٩: ما في حديثهما صراحة بأنهما كانا قد كبرا ودخلا في الصلاة بعد.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٤٧) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وتقدم في (٢٥٧٧).","vol":"6","page":16},{"text":"وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أَن كان ثُمَّ نُسِخَ، واستَدلَلنا (^١) على نَسخِه بما تَقَدَّمَ مِن خَبَرِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٢)، وما رُوّينا عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ - ﵄ - والعامَّةِ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوّينا عن أبي ذَرٍّ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ الَّذِى شاهَدَه ابنُ مَسعودٍ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ إنَّما شاهَدَه في غَيرِ صَلاةِ جَماعَةٍ، وأَنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم كان يُصَلِّى لِنَفسِهِ.\n\n٥٢٣٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا قُدامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو رَوحٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى جَسرَةُ بنتُ دِجاجَةَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قامَ لَيلَةً مِنَ اللَّيالِى مَقامَ كَذا وكَذا فصَلَّى فيه العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ، فلَمّا رأَى القَومَ قَد ثَبَتوا مَعَه في مُصَلَّاه انصَرَفَ إلَى رَحلِه حَتَّى انكَسَفَتِ العُيونُ وخَلا مَقامُه قامَ فيه وحدَه. قال أبو ذَرٍّ: فأَقبَلتُ فقُمتُ خَلفَه فأَومأ إلَىَّ بيمينِه (^٤)، وجاءَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ فقامَ خَلفَه وخَلفِى. قال: فأَومأ إلَيه بشِمالِه فقُمنا هَكَذا، فجَمَعَ بَينَ السَّبّابَةِ والوُسطَى والأُخرَى التي تَلِى الخِنصَرَ يُصلِّى كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا لِنَفسِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"واستدل الناس\".\n(^٢) خبر جابر تقدم في (٥٢١٧)، وخبر أنس تقدم في (٥٢٢٣).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٥٢٢٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"يمينه\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بيمينه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٩٦) عن مروان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٢٧٣: رواه أحمد ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"6","page":17},{"text":"قال الحُمَيدِىُّ: ذَهَبَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ إلَى هذا، وهو يَظُنُّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَؤُمُّهُم، فلَمّا قال أبو ذَرٍّ: كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنّا يُصَلِّى لِنَفسِه. كان قَولُه قَد بَيَّنَ أنَّه عَلِمَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه لَم يَؤُمَّهُم، وهو الَّذِى ابتَدأَ الصَّلاةَ مَعَه عِندَ تَحريمِها، وابنُ مَسعودٍ الجائى الدّاخِلُ الَّذِى سَبَقَته النّيَّةُ عِندَ تَحريمِها.\n\n٥٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ قال: ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لابنِ سيرينَ، يَعنِى ما فعَلَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ، فقالَ ابنُ سيرينَ: كان المَسجِدُ ضَيِّقًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1110>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على مَنعِ المأمومِ مِنَ الوُقوفِ بَينَ يَدَىِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٥٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّه أتَى خالَتَه مَيمونَةَ. قال: فقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِنَ اللَّيلِ إلَى سِقايَةٍ فتَوَضّأَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى. قال: وقُمتُ فتَوَضّأتُ ثُمَّ قُمتُ عن يَسارِهِ، فأَدارَنِى مِن خَلفِه حَتَّى جَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٠٦ من طريق ابن عون عن ابن سيرين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٥) عن إسحاق به. وأبو داود (٦١٠)، والنسائي مختصرًا في الكبرى (٩١٦) =","vol":"6","page":18},{"text":"عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^١).\nورَواه قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: فتَناوَلَنِى مِن خَلفِ ظَهرِه فجَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِهِ (^٢). وبِمَعناه رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^٣). وفيه كالدَّلالَةِ على مَنعِ المأمومِ مِنَ التَقَدُّمِ على الإمامِ، حَيثُ أدارَه مِن خَلفِه ولَم يُدِرْه مِن بَينِ يَدَيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1111>بابُ إقامَةِ الصُّفوفِ وتَسويَتِها</span>\n\n٥٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أقيموا الصَّفَّ في الصَّلاةِ؛ فإِنَّ إقامَةَ الصَّفِّ مِن حُسنِ الصَّلاةِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٦).\n_________\n= من طريق عبد الملك به. وعند النسائي: ابن عبد الملك بدلًا من: عبد الملك.\n(^١) مسلم (٧٦٣/ عقب ١٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٩٢).\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٠: ما فيه دلالة على ذلك أبدًا، بل قد يقال: لم يُدِرْه من بين يديه لئلا يمر بين يديه فيأثم، وهو دال على الائتمام بمن لم ينو الإمامة.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٢٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٤٢٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٥٧)، وابن حبان (٢١٧٧).\n(^٦) البخاري (٧٢٢)، ومسلم (٤٣٥/ ١٢٦).","vol":"6","page":19},{"text":"٥٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَوُّوا صُفوفَكُم، فإِنَّ تَسويَةَ الصَّفِّ مِن تَمامِ الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أقيموا الصُّفوفَ؛ فإِنِّى أراكُم خَلفَ ظَهرِى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٤).\n\n٥٢٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ الرُّخِّىُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرّوخَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أتِمّوا الصُّفوفَ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٦٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٧٤) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسي به. وأحمد (١٢٨١٣)، وابن ماجه (٩٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٤٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٣)، ومسلم (٤٣٣/ ١٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٣٧٥)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٩٦٧) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٨).","vol":"6","page":20},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فَرّوخَ (^١).\nورَواه حُمَيدٌ عن أنَسٍ، وزادَ فيه: \"وتَراصُّوا\".\nوَقَد مَضَى في بابِ صِفَةِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رُصُّوا صُفوفَكُم، وقارِبوا بَينَها، وحاذوا بالأعناقِ، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إنِّي لأرَى الشَّيطانَ يَدخُلُ مِن خَلَلِ الصَّفِّ كأنَّها الحَذَفُ (^٣) \".\n\n٥٢٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الجَعدِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَتُسَوُّنَّ صُفوفَكُم في صَلاتِكُم أو لَيُخالِفَنَّ اللهُ بَينَ وُجوهِكُم\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٣٤/ ١٢٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٢١، ٢٣٢٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي معنى الحذف في (٥٢٥٠).\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٦٦٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٤٥)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٦) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٨٩، ١٨٤٤٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧١٧)، ومسلم (٤٣٦/ ١٢٧).","vol":"6","page":21},{"text":"٥٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُسَوِّى الصُّفوفَ فرأَى رَجُلًا خارِجًا مِنَ الصَّفِّ فقالَ: \"لَتُقيمُنَّ صُفوفَكُم أو لَيُخالِفَنَّ اللَّهُ بَينَ وُجوهِكُم يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سِماكٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَوِّمُ الصُّفوفَ كما يُقَوِّمُ القِداحَ (^٣)، فأَبصَرَ رَجُلًا يَومًا خارِجًا صَدرُه مِنَ الصَّفِّ، فلَقَد رأَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَتُقيمُنَّ صُفوفَكُم أو لَيُخالِفَنَّ اللَّهُ بَينَ وُجوهِكُم\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٥٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبى القاسِمِ الجَدَلِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ: أقبَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٣٢٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٣٦/ ١٢٨).\n(^٣) القداح: خشب السهام حين تنحت وتبرى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٤/ ١٥٧.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٤٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٨٠٩) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٣٦/ عقب ١٢٨).","vol":"6","page":22},{"text":"على النّاسِ بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"أقيموا صُفوفَكُم - ثَلاثًا - واللَّهِ لَتُقيمُنَّ صُفوفَكُم أو لَيُخالِفَنَّ اللَّهُ بَينَ قُلوبِكُم\". قال: فرأيتُ الرَّجُلَ يَلزَقُ مَنكِبَه بمَنكِبِ صاحِبِه، ورُكبَتَه برُكبَةِ صاحِبِه، وكَعبَه بكَعبِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَراصُّوا في الصَّفِّ؛ لا يَتَخَلَّلْكُم أولادُ الحَذَفِ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وما أولادُ الحَذَفِ؟ قال: \"ضأنٌ جُردٌ سودٌ تَكونُ بأرضِ اليَمَنِ\" (^٢). ورَواه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وقالَ: \"كأولادِ الحَذَفِ\".\n\n٥٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه أمرَهُم برَصِّ الصُّفوفِ؛ لا يَتَخَلَّلُكُم كأَولادِ الحَذَفِ، وأَولادُ الحَذَفِ غَنَمٌ سودٌ جُردٌ تَكونُ باليَمَنِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٦٢). وتقدم في (٣٥٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦١٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٧، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦١٨) من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به. وعند أحمد: الحسن بن عمرو. بدلًا من: الحسن بن عبيد.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٢: سنده قوى.","vol":"6","page":23},{"text":"٥٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ إبراهيمَ الغافِقِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، وحَديثُ ابنِ وهبٍ أتَمُّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أبِى الزّاهِريَّةِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، قال قُتَيبَةُ: عن أبي الزّاهِريَّةِ، عن أبي شَجَرَةَ كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أقيموا الصُّفوفَ، وحاذُوا بَينَ المَناكِبِ، وسُدُّوا الخَلَلَ، ولِينوا بأيدِى إخوانِكُم، ولا تَذَروا فُرُجاتٍ لِلشَّيطانِ، ومَن وصَلَ صَفًّا وصَلَه اللهُ، ومَن قَطَعَ صَفًّا قَطَعَه اللَّهُ ﷿\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: لَم يَقُلْ عيسَى: \"بأَيدِى إخوانِكُم\".\n\n٥٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو القاسِمِ السَّرّاجُ إملاءً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الله ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلُّونَ على الَّذينَ يَصِلونَ الصُّفوفَ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٦٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٤٩) من طريق عيسى بن إبراهيم الغافقى به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٥٧٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٤٣٨١) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وابن ماجه (٩٩٥) من طريق عروة به. وسيأتي في (٥٢٦٥، ٥٢٦٧). وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٥٥): هذا إسناد فيه إسماعيل بن عياش وهو من روايته عن الحجازيين، وهى ضعيفة.","vol":"6","page":24},{"text":"٥٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ ثَوبانَ قال: أخبرَنِى عَمِّى عُمارَةُ بنُ ثَوبانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"خيارُكُم أليَنُكُم مَناكِبَ في الصَّلاةِ\" (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1112>بابُ إتمامِ الصُّفوفِ المُقَدَّمَةِ</span>\n\n٥٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن (^٣) تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الصُّفوفِ فقالَ: \"ألا تَصُفّونَ كما تَصُفُّ المَلائكَةُ عِندَ رَبِّهِم؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ تَصُفُّ المَلائكَةُ عِندَ رَبِّهِم؟ قال: \"يُتِمّونَ الصُّفوفَ المُقَدَّمَةَ، ويَتَراصُّونَ في الصَّفِّ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n\n٥٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزازُ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٧٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٦٦) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٧٥٦) - من طريق محمد بن بشار به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٢٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٤٨٠).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"تميم بن رافع عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٦٤)، وأبو داود (٦٦١)، والنسائي (٨١٥)، وابن ماجه (٩٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٣٠/ ١١٩).","vol":"6","page":25},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ المَلكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتمّوا الصَّفَّ الأوَّلَ ثُمَّ الثّانِىَ، فإِن كان نَقصٌ كان في المُؤَخَّرِ\". وكانَ يقولُ: \"خَيرُ صُفوفِ الرِّجالِ أوَّلُها، وخَيرُ صُفوفِ النِّساءِ آخِرُها\" (^١).\n\n٥٢٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قال: سُئلَ سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن فضلِ الصَّفِّ المُقَدَّمِ، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بن مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أتمّوا الصَّفَّ المُقَدَّمَ، ثُمَّ الَّذِى يَليه، فما كان مِن نَقصٍ فليَكُنْ في الصَّفِّ المُؤَخَّرِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1113>بابُ فضلِ الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ</span>\n\n٥٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا أبو قَطَنٍ عمرُو بنُ الهَيثَمِ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو يَعلَمونَ - أو: لَو تَعلَمونَ - ما في الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ ما كان إلا قُرعَةً\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٥٢)، والنسائي (٨١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٤٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٥٥) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٧٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٣٩)، وأبو داود (٦٧١) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٥٥) عن محمد بن حرب به. وابن ماجه (٩٩٨) من طريق عمرو بن الهيثم به.","vol":"6","page":26},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي بَصيرٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصُّبحَ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ نَظَرَ في وُجوه القَومِ فقالَ: \"أشاهِدٌ فُلانٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"أما إنَّه لَيسَ مِن صَلاةٍ أثقَلُ على المُنافِقينَ مِن هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ - يَعنِى الصُّبحَ وصَلاةَ العِشاءِ - ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فيهِما لأتَوهُما ولَو حَبْوًا، وإِنَّ الصَّفَّ الأوَّلَ على مِثلِ صَفِّ المَلائكَةِ، ولَو تَعلَمونَ ما فيه لابتَدَرتُموه، وإِنَّ صَلاةَ الرَّجُلِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ أزكَى مِن صَلاتِه وحدَه، وصَلاتُه مَعَ الرَّجُلَينِ أزكَى مِن صَلاتِه مَعَ رَجُلٍ، وما كَثُرَ كان أحَبَّ إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٢).\n\n٥٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن [بَحِيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ] (^٣)، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى على الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ ثَلاثًا وعَلَى الَّذِى يَليه واحِدَةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٣٩/ ١٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٦٦)، والضياء في المختارة (١٢٠٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٣: سنده صالح وله طرق عن أبي إسحاق تختلف. وينظر ما تقدم في (٥٠٦٥) وما بعده.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"يحيى بن سعد\"، وفي م: \"يحيى بن سعيد\". وتقدم في (٤٧٧٤، ٥١٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٥٧)، والنسائي (٨١٦) من طريق بقية به. وابن حبان (٢١٥٨) من طريق خالد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٧٨٧).","vol":"6","page":27},{"text":"٥٢٦١ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ، عن العِرباضِ دونَ ذِكرِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ في إسنادِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّسْتُوائىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعْدانَ، عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَغفَرَ لِصَّفِّ المُقَدَّمِ ثَلاثًا، ولِلصَّفِّ الثّانِى مَرَّةً (^١).\n\n٥٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ، عن طَلحَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوسَجَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتينا إذا قُمنا إلَى الصَّلاةِ فيَمسَحُ عَواتِقَنا وصُدورَنا ويَقولُ: \"لا تَختَلِفوا فتَختَلِفَ قُلوبُكُم، إنَّ اللَّهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلُّونَ على الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ\". أو قال: \"الصُّفوفِ الأُوَلِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٢٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٤١)، وابن ماجه (٩٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٥٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"ثنا محمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٥٢.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٧٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥١٨)، وابن ماجه (٩٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٥١) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٦٦٤)، والنسائي (٨١٠)، وابن حبان (٢١٦١) من طريق طلحة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٩٩).","vol":"6","page":28},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1114>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّأَخُّرِ عن الصُّفوفِ المُقَدَّمَةِ</span>\n\n٥٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمَدُ (^١) بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى وأبو نُعَيمٍ، عن أبي الأشهَبِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهَابِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأَى في أصحابِه تأَخُّرًا فقالَ لَهُم: \"تَقَدَّموا فائْتَمُّوا بى، وليأتَمَّ بكُم مَن بَعدَكُم، لا يَزالُ قَومٌ يَتأخَّرونَ حَتَّى يُؤَخِّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَزالُ قَومٌ يَتأخَّرونَ عن الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ حَتَّى يؤَخِّرَهُمُ اللهُ ﷿ في النّارِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حميد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٤٢)، وأبو داود (٦٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٩٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٦١٢) من طريق أبى الأشهب به. ومسلم (٤٣٨/ عقب ١٣٠)، والنسائي (٧٩٤) من طريق أبى نضرة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٣٨/ ١٣٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٦٧٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٤٥٣)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٥٥٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٣٠).","vol":"6","page":29},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1115>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ مَيمَنَةِ الصَّفِّ</span>\n\n٥٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلُّونَ على مَيامِنِ الصُّفوفِ\" (^١). كَذا قال.\n\n٥٢٦٦ - والمَحفوظُ بهَذا الإسنادِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلُّونَ على الَّذينَ يَصِلونَ الصُّفوفَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا [حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ] (^٢)، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَراه (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٥٢٦٧ - ورَواه الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٧٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢١٦٠) من طريق عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٢٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"جعفر بن عمر\"، وفي حاشية ن: \"ليس بخطه: بن عمر\". وينظر لسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٥١١) عن قبيصة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٧٠) عن أبي أحمد به.","vol":"6","page":30},{"text":"\"إنَّ اللَّهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلّونَ على الَّذينَ يَصِلونَ الصُّفوفَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ. فذَكَراه بمِثلِهِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ (^٢) عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nقال لِى أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ: قال أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِىُّ: كِلاهُما صَحيحانِ.\nقال الشيخُ: يُريدُ كِلا الإِسنادَينِ، فأَمّا المَتنُ فإِنَّ مُعاويَةَ بنَ هِشامٍ يَنفَرِدُ بالمَتنِ الأوَّلِ، ولا أُراه مَحفوظًا، فقَد رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ في المَتنِ.\n\n٥٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ الفَضلِ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ خالِدٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي بَرْزَةَ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِ استَطَعتَ أن تَكونَ خَلفَ الإمامِ، وإِلا فعَن يَمينِه\". وقالَ: هَكَذا كان أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ خَلفَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٦٤) من طريق الحسين بن حفص به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"العبدى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٧١.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٤٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٨١) عن عبد الله بن الوليد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٠٧٨) من طريق عبد الله بن أبي بكر به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٤: عمران ضعفه أبو حاتم.","vol":"6","page":31},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1116>بابُ مَقامِ الإمامِ مِنَ الصَّفِّ</span>\n\n٥٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ بَشيرِ بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن أُمِّه، أنَّها دَخَلَت على محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ فسَمِعَته يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَوَسَّطوا الإمامَ وسُدُّوا الخَلَلَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1117>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الصَّفِّ بَينَ السَّوارِى</span>\n\n٥٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بنَيسابورَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ هانِئٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ مَحمودٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في الصَّفَ فرَمَوا بنا حَتَّى أُلقينا بَينَ السَّوارِى، فتأَخَّرَ، فلَمّا صلَّى قال: قَد كُنّا نَتَّقِى هذا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٥٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - نُطرَدُ طَردًا أن نَقومَ بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٨١). قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٥: سنده لين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٧٣)، والترمذى (٢٢٩)، والنسائي (٨٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢١٨) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":32},{"text":"السَّوارِى في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٥٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مَعدِيكَرِبَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: لا تَصُفُّوا بَينَ السَّوارِى (^٢).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ، فقالَ في مَتنِهِ: لا تَصُفّوا بَينَ الأساطينِ (^٣).\nوهَذا واللَّهُ أعلَمُ لأنَّ الأُسْطُوانَةَ تَحولُ بَينَهُم وبَينَ وصلِ الصَّفِّ، فإِن كان مُنفَرِدًا أو لَم يُجاوِزوا ما بَينَ السّاريَتَينِ لَم يُكرَهْ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى؛ لِما رُوّينا في الحديث الثّابِتِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سأَلتُ بلالًا: أينَ صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِى في الكَعبَةِ؟ قال: بَينَ العَمودَينِ المُقَدَّمَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1118>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الوُقوفِ خَلفَ الصَّفِّ وحدَهُ</span>\n\n٥٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١١٦٩)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٠٠٢). وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٦٠): في إسناده هارون وهو مجهول، كما قال أبو حاتم. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٦٧) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٢١٩) - من طريق هارون به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٥: تابعه سلمة بن قتيبة عن هارون وهو شيخ يعتبر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٢٩٤) من طريق شعبة به. وحسن إسناده الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٩٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٤٨٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٥٧٢) من طريق سفيان به، وعند ابن أبي شيبة: ابن سعد. بدلًا من ابن مسعود. وفى طبعة عوامة (٧٥٨٠): ابن مسعود.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٨٤٠، ٣٨٤٢).","vol":"6","page":33},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ بنَ يِسافٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ راشِدٍ، عن وابِصَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أبصَرَ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى خَلفَ الصَّفِّ وحدَه، فأَمَرَه أن يُعيدَ الصَّلاةَ (^١). هَكَذا رَواه عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ.\nوخالَفَه حُصَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فرَواه عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ،\n\n٥٢٧٤ - كما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن وابِصَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى خَلفَ الصَّفِّ (^٢) وحدَه فأَمَرَه فأَعادَ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا حُصَينٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ قال: أخَذَ بيَدِى زيادُ بنُ أبى الجَعدِ فأَقامَنِى على رَجُلٍ بالرَّقَّةِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى هذا أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأَى رَجُلًا يُصلِّى خَلفَ الصَّفِّ وحدَه فأَمَرَه أن يُعيدَ، واسمُه وابِصَةُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٢٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٠٠)، وأبو داود (٦٨٢)، والترمذي (٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٢١٩٩) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٦٣٣).\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"الصفوف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٠٢) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (٢٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٠٠٤)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٠) من طريق حصين به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.","vol":"6","page":34},{"text":"الأسَدِىُّ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةُ عن حُصَينٍ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهِ آخَرَ عن زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ:\n\n٥٢٧٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ (^٢) بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، [عن زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ] (^٣)، عن وابِصَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا صَلَّى خَلفَ الصُّفوفِ وحدَه فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُعيدَ الصَّلاةَ (^٤).\nوروِىَ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن وابِصَةَ:\n\n٥٢٧٧ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن وابِصَةَ قال: رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا صَلَّى خَلفَ الصُّفوفِ وحدَه، فقالَ: \"أيُّها المُصَلِّى وحدَه، ألا وصَلتَ إلَى الصَّفِّ؟ أو جَرَرتَ إلَيكَ رَجُلًا فقامَ مَعَكَ؟ أعِدِ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٥). تَفَرَّدَ به السَّرِىُّ بنُ إسماعيلَ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٨٨٤).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٣٥.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٠٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ١٤٥ (٣٩٣) من طريق يزيد به. وأبو يعلى (١٥٨٨) من طريق السرى به.\n(^٦) هو السرى بن إسماعيل الهمداني الكوفى ابن عم الشعبي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٧٦، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٨٢، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٣٥٥، وتهذيب =","vol":"6","page":35},{"text":"٥٢٧٨ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\"، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ رَفَعَه قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إن جاءَ رَجُلٌ فلَم يَجِدْ أحَدًا فليَختَلِجْ (^١) إلَيه رَجُلًا مِنَ الصَّفِّ فليَقُمْ مَعَه، فما أعظَمَ أجرَ المُختَلَجِ! \". أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الأمرِ بالإِعادَةِ.\n\n٥٢٧٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وأبو النُعمانِ والحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ قالوا: حدثنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ شَيبانَ، عن أبيه عليِّ بنِ شَيبانَ وكانَ أحَدَ الوَفدِ الَّذينَ وفَدوا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن بَنِى سُحَيمٍ قال: صَلَّينا مَعَ نَبِىِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةً فلَمَحَ بمُؤَخَّرِ عَينَيه فرأَى رَجُلًا لا يُقيمُ صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ. فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، لا صَلاةَ لامرِئٍ لا يُقيمُ صُلبَه في الرُّكوعِ والسُّجودِ\". وصَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - يَومًا آخَرَ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ إذا رَجُلٌ خَلفَ الصَّفِّ يُصَلِّى وحدَه، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى قَضَى صَلاتَه، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"أعِدْ\n_________\n= الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ٤٥٩. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٨٥: متروك الحديث.\n(^١) اختلج: اجتذب. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٥٩.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٨٣).\nوجاء في حاشية الأصل: \"في أصل المؤلف: وهو منقطع\". وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٦: هذا إسناد معضل.","vol":"6","page":36},{"text":"صَلاتَكَ؛ لا صَلاةَ لِفَردٍ خَلفَ الصَّفِّ\" (^١).\n\n٥٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ العُكْلِىُّ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ في الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى خَلفَ الصَّفِّ وحدَه، فقالَ: صَلاتُه تامَّةٌ، ولَيسَ له تَضعيفٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: يُريدُ به: لا يَكونُ له تَضعيفُ الأجرِ بالجَماعَةِ، فكأَنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَفَى فضلَ الجَماعَةِ، وأَمَرَه بالإِعادَةِ لِتَحصُلَ له زيادَةٌ ولا يَعودَ إلَى تَركِ السُّنَّةِ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1119>بابُ مَن جَوَّزَ الصَّلاةَ دونَ الصَّفِّ</span>\n\n٥٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا زيادٌ الأعلَمُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه جاءَ والقَومُ رُكوعٌ، فرَكَعَ دونَ الصَّفّ ثُمَّ مَشَى إلَى الصَّفِّ، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٩٧)، وابن ماجه (١٠٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٢) من طريق ملازم به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٦: إسناده صالح، وهو دال على نفى الصلاة، وبه يقول ابن راهويه وأحمد ووكيع.\n(^٢) ذكره عبد الرزاق (٢٤٨١) من طريق عبد الكريم عن إبراهيم بمعناه.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٣٧: بل ظاهره نفى الصحة كما قلنا في قوله للمسئ صلاته: \"ارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل\".","vol":"6","page":37},{"text":"صَلاتَه قال: \"أيُّكُمُ الَّذِى رَكَعَ دونَ الصَّفِّ ثُمَّ مَشَى إلَى الصَّفِّ؟ \". قال أبو بكرَةَ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"زادَكَ اللهُ حِرصًا ولا تَعُدْ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ، وفِي حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىِّ أنَّ أبا بكرَةَ جاءَ ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - راكِعٌ. والباقِى مِثلُه.\n\n٥٢٨٢ - ورَواه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، أنَّه دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - راكِعٌ، فرَكَعَ قَبلَ أن يَصِلَ إلَى الصَّفِّ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"زادَكَ اللهُ حِرصًا ولا تَعُدْ\". أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٨٣ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، أنَّ أبا بكرَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ ونَبِىُّ الله - ﷺ - راكِعٌ. قال: فرَكَعتُ دونَ الصَّفِّ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"زادَكَ اللَّهُ حِرصًا ولا تَعُدْ\". أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، أنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ زُرَيعٍ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٦٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٥٧) من طريق حماد به. .\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٦٢٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٨٣).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٦٨٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٨٧٠) عن حميد بن مسعدة به. وابن حبان (٢١٩٥) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"6","page":38},{"text":"٥٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَلخِىِّ التّاجِرُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ لِلنّاسِ: إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ والنّاسُ رُكوعٌ فليَركَعْ حينَ (^١) يَدخُلُ، ثُمَّ ليَدِبَّ راكِعًا حَتَّى يَدخُلَ في الصَّفِّ؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ. قال عَطاءٌ: وقَد رأَيتُه هو يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا شاذانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ والأوزاعِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: دَخَلَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ المَسجِدَ والإِمامُ راكِعٌ فرَكَعَ، يَعنِى دونَ الصَّفِّ، حَتَّى استَوَى في الصَّفِّ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِّينا هذا فيما تَقَدَّمَ عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ وعَبدِ الله بنِ مسعودٍ (^٤) - ﵄ -، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ حَيث وقف على يَسارِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأَدارَه مِن خَلفِه حَتَّى جَعَلَه عن يَمينِه (^٥) كالحُجَّةِ في هذا؛ لأنَّه في حالِ الإِدارَةِ بَقِىَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: ص ٣، وحاشية س: \"حتى\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وليس عنده: محمد بن إسماعيل السلمى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥٧١) من طريق سعيد بن الحكم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٩٩٩) من طريق معمر به. وتقدم في (٢٦٢٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٦٢١، ٢٦٢٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٠٤).","vol":"6","page":39},{"text":"مُنفَرِدًا خَلفَه ولَم تَفسُدْ صَلاتُه.\n\n٥٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عَمِّه أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صلَّيتُ خَلفَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنا ويَتيمٌ عِندَنا وأُمُّ سُلَيمٍ خَلفَنا (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن إسحاقَ، وقَد مَضَى (^٣).\n\n٥٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُختارِ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ أنَسٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أمَّنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وامرأةً، فجَعَلَنِى عن يَمينِه والمَرأَةَ خَلفَنا (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٥٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى زيادٌ، أنَّ قَزَعَةَ مَولًى لِعَبدِ القَيسِ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ يقولُ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: صَلَّيتُ إلَى جَنبِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨١)، والنسائي (٨٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٣٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم في (٥٢٢٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٧، ٨٧١، ٨٧٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٠، ٨٦٠)، ومسلم (٦٥٨/ ٢٦٦)، وتقدم في (٥٢٢٦).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٢٢١) من طريق شعبة.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٦٠/ ٢٦٩).","vol":"6","page":40},{"text":"وعائشَةُ خَلفَنا تُصَلِّى معنا، وأَنا إلَى جَنبِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أُصَلِّى مَعَه (^١).\n\n٥٢٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ الأعوَرُ. فذَكَراه بمِثلِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1120>بابُ المَرأَةِ تُخالِفُ السُّنَّةَ في مَوقِفِها</span>\n\n٥٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى صَلاتَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ وأَنا مُعتَرِضَةٌ بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ كاعتِراضِ الجِنازَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، حدثنا الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى وأَنا حِذاءَه وأَنا حائضٌ، ورُبَّما أصابَنِى ثَوبُه إذا سَجَدَ، قالَت: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥١)، والنسائي (٨٠٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٠٤) من طريق الحجاج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٧٧٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٠٨٨)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٠. وتقدم في (٣٥٣٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥١٢/ ٢٦٧)، والبخاري (٣٨٣، ٥١٥).","vol":"6","page":41},{"text":"يُصَلِّى على الخُمْرَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٩٢ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى مَيمونَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. فذكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يَحيَى] (^٣) (^٤).\n\n٥٢٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً وأبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: دُفِعتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالأبطَحِ وهو في قُبَّةٍ، فخَرَجَ بلالٌ فأَذَّنَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ وخَرَجَ مَعَه إداوَةٌ أو قِربَةٌ. قال: فلَمّا رأَى النّاسُ وَضُوءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَبادَروه، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فخَرَجَ مَعَه عَنَزَةٌ فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ رَكعَتَينِ والعَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ إلَى عَنَزَةٍ يَمُرُّ مِن ورائِها المَرأَةُ والحِمارُ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ [ومُسلِمٌ] (^٦) في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٦٥٦)، والنسائي (٧٣٧) من طريق خالد به، وعند النسائي: خالد عن شعبة عن الشيبانى مختصرًا. وابن ماجه (٩٥٨) من طريق سليمان الشيبانى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٩).\n(^٣) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥١٣/ ٢٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٤٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٠٣) من طريق مالك بن مغول. وتقدم في (٣٥٠٧)، وسيأتي في (٥٥٦٥).\n(^٦) سقط من: م.","vol":"6","page":42},{"text":"مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِذا لَم تُفسِدِ المَرأَةُ على المُصَلِّى أن تَكونَ بَينَ يَدَيه فهِىَ إذا كانَت عن يَمينِه أو عن يَسارِه أحرَى ألا تُفسِدَ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1121>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَقامِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٥٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبي حازِمٍ قال: سأَلوا سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ - ﵁ -: مِن أىِّ شَئٍ مِنبَرُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: ما بَقِىَ مِنَ النّاسِ أحَدٌ أعلَمُ به مِنِّى، مِن أَثْلِ الغابَةِ (^٣)، عَمِلَه له فُلانٌ مَولَى فُلانَةَ، ولَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ صَعِدَ عَلَيه استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ قرأَ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ القَهقَرَى فسَجَدَ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ فقَرأَ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ القَهقَرَى فسَجَدَ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٥٦٦)، ومسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٥١).\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) أثل الغابة: الأثل شجر طويل مستقيم، يُعمَّر، جيد الخشب، كثير الأغصان، والغابة غيضة ذات شجر كثير، وهى على تسعة أميال من المدينة. النهاية ١/ ٢٣، والوسيط ١/ ٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١١)، ودلائل النبوة ٢/ ٥٥٥، والشافعي ١/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٠٠)، وابن ماجه (١٤١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٧٧)، ومسلم (٥٤٤/ ٤٥).","vol":"6","page":43},{"text":"٥٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الوَرّاقُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ جَميلِ بنِ طَريفٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِىُّ القُرَشِىُّ الإِسكَندَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حازِمِ ابنُ دينارٍ، أنَّ رِجالًا أتَوْا سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ وقَدِ امتَرَوا في المِنبَرِ؛ مِمَّ عودُهُ. فسأَلوه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: واللهِ إنِّي لأعرِفُ مِمّا هوَ، وَلَقَد رأَيتُه أوَّلَ يَومٍ وُضِعَ وأَوَّلَ يَومٍ جَلَسَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى فُلانَةَ، امرأَةٍ قَد سَمّاها سَهلٌ: \"أن مُرِى غُلامَكِ النَّجّارَ أن يَعمَلَ لِى أعوادًا أجلِسُ عَلَيهِنَّ إذا كَلَّمتُ النّاسَ\". فأَمَرَته فعَمِلَها مِن طَرفاءِ الغابَةِ، ثُمَّ جاءَ بها فأَرسَلَت إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَ بها فوُضِعَت ههُنا، ثُمَّ رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى عَلَيها وكَبَّرَ وهو عَلَيها، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وهو عَلَيها، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ القَهقَرَى فسَجَدَ في أصلِ المِنبَرِ، ثُمَّ عادَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها الناسُ، إنَّما صَنَعتُ هذا لِتأتَمّوا بى ولِتَعَلَّموا صَلاتِى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٢٩٦ - وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي حازِمٍ عن أبيه، وفيه: فكَبَّرَ وكَبَّرَ النّاسُ مَعَه (^٣). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ نَفَرًا جاءوا إلَى سَهلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٨٠)، والنسائي (٧٣٨)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٢) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩١٧)، ومسلم (٥٤٤/ ٤٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤٨، ٢٠٩٤)، ومسلم (٥٤٤/ ٤٤).","vol":"6","page":44},{"text":"سَعدٍ. فدكَرَ مَعناه (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ فيما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عنه: أختارُ لِلإِمامِ الَّذِى يُعَلِّمُ مَن خَلفَه (^٢) يُصَلِّى على الشَّئِ المُرتَفِعِ ليَراه مَن وراءَه، وإِذا عَلَّمَ النّاسَ مَرَّةً أحبَبتُ أن يُصَلِّىَ مُستَويًا مَعَ المأمومينَ (^٣).\n\n٥٢٩٧ - واحتَجَّ بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ - ﵁ - أمَّ النّاسَ بالمَدائنِ على دُكّانٍ (^٤) فأَخَذَ أبو مَسعودٍ بقَميصِه فجَبَذَه، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن صَلاتِه قال: ألَم تَعلَمْ أنَّهُم كانوا يَنهَوْنَ عن ذَلِكَ. أو قال: ألَم تَعلَمْ أنه كان يُنهَى عن ذَلِكَ؟ قال: بَلَى، قَد ذَكَرتُ حينَ مَدَدتَنِى (^٥).\n\n٥٢٩٨ - ورَواه زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَكّائىُّ عن الأعمَشِ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ يَعلَى، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال له أبو مَسعودٍ: ألَم تَعلَمْ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَقومَ الإمامُ فوقَ ويَبقَى النّاسُ خَلفَه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٥٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٧١)، والبخاري (٢٠٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢١). من طريق عبد العزيز به بن أبي حازم.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ١٧٢.\n(^٤) الدكان: الدَّكَّة المبنية للجلوس عليها. النهاية ٢/ ١٢٨.\n(^٥) مددتنى: أي مددت قميصى وجبذته إليك. عون المعبود ٢/ ٢١٦.\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٢١٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٩٧) من طريق يعلى به. وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٣) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢١٤٣) - من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"6","page":45},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُسنَدًا مَعَ اختِلافٍ فيه لِهَذا:\n\n٥٢٩٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ المَخزومِىُّ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ أبي نَصرٍ القُومِسِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جَبِيرَةَ، عن أبي طُوالَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ أمَّهُم بالمَدائنِ على دُكّانٍ، فجَبَذَه سَلمانُ ثُمَّ قال له: ما أدرِى أطالَ بكَ العَهدُ أم نَسيتَ؟ أما سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يُصَلِّى الإمامُ على نَشَزٍ (^٣) مِمّا عَلَيه أصحابُه\"؟ كَذا قال: سَلمانُ. بَدَلَ: أبى مَسعودٍ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُسنَدًا مَعَ اختِلافٍ فيه لِما مَضَى:\n\n٥٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو خالِدٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ أنَّه كان مَعَ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ بالمَدائنِ، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فتَقَدَّمَ عَمّارٌ وقامَ على دُكّانٍ، وكانَ يُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢١٠.\n(^٢) في س: \"القوسى\"، وفي م: \"القرشي\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٥٦٠.\n(^٣) النشز: المتن المرتفع من الأرض. الفائق ٣/ ٩٥.","vol":"6","page":46},{"text":"والنّاسُ أسفَلَ مِنه، فتَقَدَّمَ حُذَيفَةُ فأَخَذَ على يَدَيه فاتَّبَعَه عَمّارٌ حَتَّى أنزَلَه حُذَيفَةُ، فلَمّا فرَغَ عَمّارٌ مِن صَلاتِه قال له حُذَيفَةُ: ألَم تَسمَعْ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا أمَّ الرَّجُلُ القَومَ فلا يَقُمْ في مَكانٍ أرفَعَ مِن مَقامِهِم\"؟ أو نَحوَ ذَلِكَ. قال عَمّارٌ: لِذَلِكَ اتَّبَعتُكَ حينَ أخَذتَ على يَدَىَّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1122>بابُ صَلاةِ المأمومِ في المَسجِدِ أو على ظَهرِه أو في رَحبَتِه بصَلاةِ الإمامِ في المَسجِدِ وإن كان بَينَهُما مَقصورَةٌ أو أساطينُ أو غَيرُها شَبيهًا بها</span>\n\n٥٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أَبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا النَّضرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن بُسرِ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - اتَّخَذَ حُجرَةً (^٣) في المَسجِدِ مِن حَصيرٍ فصَلَّى فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيالِىَ حَتَّى اجتَمَعَ إلَيه ناسٌ، ثُمَّ فقَدوا صَوتَه فظَنّوا أنَّه قَد نامَ، فجَعَلَ بَعضُهُم يَتَنَحنَحُ ليَخرُجَ إلَيهِم، فقالَ: \"ما زالَ بكُمُ الَّذِى رأيتُ مِن صَنيعِكُم حَتَّى خَشيتُ أن يُكتَبَ عَلَيكُم، ولَو كُتِبَ عَلَيكُم ما قُمتُم به، فصَلّوا أيُّها النّاسُ في بُيوتِكُم، فإِنَّ أفضَلَ صَلاةِ المَرءِ في بَيتِه إلا الصَّلاةَ المَكتوبَةَ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٩٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٥٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"بشر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٧٢، ٧٣.\n(^٣) الحجرة: الموضع المنفرد. النهاية ١/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٨٢)، والنسائي (١٥٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٠٤) من طريق عفان به. وتقدم في (٤٦٦٨).","vol":"6","page":47},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن عَفّانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^١).\n\n٥٣٠٢ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كان لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - حَصيرٌ، فكانَ يَحتَجِرُه (^٢) مِنَ اللَّيلِ فيُصَلِّى فيهِ، فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يُصَلّونَ بصلاتِه، ويَبسُطُه بالنَّهارِ، فثابوا (^٣) ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ، فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ عَلَيكُم مِنَ الأعمالِ ما تُطيقونَ؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا، وإِنَّ أحَبَّ الأعمالِ إلَى اللَّهِ ما دووِمَ عَلَيه وإِن قَلَّ\". وكانَ آلُ محمدٍ إذا عَمِلوا عَمَلًا أثبَتوه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n٥٣٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٢٩٠)، ومسلم (٧٨١/ ٢١٤).\n(^٢) يحتجره: يجعله لنفسه دون غيره. النهاية ١/ ٣٤١.\n(^٣) في س: \"فيأتون\"، وفى الأصل، وحاشية س: \"فباتوا\"، وينظر ما سيأتي في الحديث التالى. وثابوا ذات ليلة: أي اجتمعوا، وقيل: رجعوا للصلاة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ٧٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٢٤١٢٤)، والبخاري (٧٣٠)، والنسائي (٧٦١)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٦) من طريق سعيد به. وتقدم في (٤٨٠١).\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٨٢/ ٢١٥).","vol":"6","page":48},{"text":"أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَحتَجِرُ حَصيرًا باللَّيلِ فيُصَلِّى، ويَبسُطُه بالنَّهارِ فيَجلِسُ عَلَيه. قالَت: فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يَثوبونَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيُصَلُّونَ بصَلاتِه حَتَّى كَثُروا، فأَقبَلَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ خُذوا مِنَ الأعمالِ ما تُطيقونَ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلّوا، وإِنَّ أحَبَّ الأعمالِ إلَى اللهِ ما دامَ مِنها وإِن قَلَّ\" (^٢)، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ الحَرَشِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الرُّويانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ هو ابنُ موسَى الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا عيسَى هو ابنُ يونُسَ، عن يَحيَى، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى في حُجرَتِه، وجِدارُ الحُجرَةِ قَصيرٌ، فرأَى النّاسُ شَخصَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقامَ ناسٌ يُصَلُّونَ بصَلاتِه، فأَصبَحوا فتَحَدَّثوا، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الثّانيَةَ يُصَلِّى، فقامَ ناسٌ يُصَلُّونَ بصَلاتِه، فصَنَعوا ذَلِكَ لَيلَتينِ أو ثَلاثًا، حَتَّى إذا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ جَلَسَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٧١) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٦١).\n(^٤) في س: \"الحوشى\"، وفى الأصل، وحاشية س: \"الحرسى\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٢٣٧.","vol":"6","page":49},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَخرُجْ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ النّاسُ (^١)، فقالَ: \"إنِّي خِفتُ أن تُكتَبَ عَلَيكُم صَلاةُ اللَّيلِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عمرٍو. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن عبدَةَ (^٢).\nوفِي سياقِ هذه الأحاديثِ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بالحُجرَةِ المُطلَقَةِ في رِوايَةِ هُشَيمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وفِي حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، ما وقَعَ بَيانُه في هذه الأحاديثِ. وفِي حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ الحُجرَةَ كانَت في المَسجِدِ.\n\n٥٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ هُشَيمٍ: أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ سالِمٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: صلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في حُجرَتِه والنّاسُ يأتَمّونَ به مِن وراءِ الحُجرَةِ يُصَلُّونَ بصَلاتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا بحَديثِ أنَسٍ: أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَلِّى ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ في حُجرَتِه، فأَتاه أُناسٌ مِن أصحابِه فصَلَّوا بصَلاتِه فخَفَّفَ، فدَخَلَ البَيتَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، ففَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِرارًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يُصَلِّى ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ ويَدخُلُ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"للناس\".\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠١٦)، وأبو داود (١١٢٦) من طريق هشيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٩٩٦).","vol":"6","page":50},{"text":"قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، صَلَّينا مَعَكَ البارِحَةَ، ونَحنُ نُحِبُّ أن تَمُدَّ في صَلاتِكِ. فقالَ: \"قَد عَلِمتُ بمَكانِكُم، عَمدًا فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٥٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: قيلَ لابنِ عباسٍ: أتُصَلِّى خَلفَ هَؤُلاءِ في المَقصورَةِ؟ قال: نَعَم إنَّهُم يَخشَونَ أن نَبعَجَهُم (^٢).\n\n٥٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأسَدِىُّ، أَخبرَنا ابنُ أبي يَحيَى يَعنِى إبراهيمَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، [عن عِكرِمَةَ] (^٣)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا بأسَ بالصَّلاةِ في رَحَبَةِ المَسجِدِ والبَلاطِ بصَلاةِ الإمامِ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوْءَمةِ قال: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى أنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٦٥) عن يزيد به. وابن خزيمة (١٦٢٧) من طريق حميد به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤١: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) نبعجهم: نشق بطونهم. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٣٩.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١٦). قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤١: إسناده واه.","vol":"6","page":51},{"text":"وأبو هريرةَ فوقَ ظَهَرِ المَسجِدِ نُصَلِّى بصَلاةِ الإمامِ المَكتوبَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٣١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى صالِحٌ مَولَى التَّوْءَمةِ أنَّه رأَى أبا هريرةَ يُصَلِّى فوقَ ظَهرِ المَسجِدِ بصَلاةِ الإمامِ في المَسجِدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1123>بابُ المأمومِ يُصَلِّى خارِجَ المَسجِدِ بصَلاةِ الإمامِ في المَسجِدِ وبَينَهُما حائلٌ</span>\n\n٥٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: قَد صَلَّى نِسوَةٌ مَعَ عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في حُجرَتِها فقالَت: لا تُصَلِّينَ بصَلاةِ الإمامِ فإِنَّكُنَّ دونَه في حِجابٍ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ رَحِمَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى: وكما قالَت عائشَةُ في حُجرَتِها إن كانَت قالَته قُلنا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لا صَلاةَ لجارِ المَسجِدِ إلَّا في المَسجِدِ (^٤). ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَرفوعًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢١٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١٥)، والشافعي ١/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٨٨٨) عن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٠٠٥، ٥٠٠٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٠٠٨).","vol":"6","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1124>بابُ المأمومِ يُصَلِّى خارِجَ المَسجِدِ بصَلاةِ الإمامِ في المسجِدِ ولَيسَ بَينَهُما حائلٌ</span>\n\n٥٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَّنِى عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ صَلَّى الجُمُعَةَ في بُيوتِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ فصَلَّى بصَلاةِ الإمامِ في المَسجِدِ، وبَينَ بُيوتِ حُمَيدٍ والمَسجِدِ الطَّريقُ (^١).\n\n٥٣١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه قال: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يُصَلِّى بصَلاةِ الإمامِ الجُمُعَةَ في غُرفَةٍ عِندَ السُّدَّةِ (^٢) بمَسجِدِ البَصرَةِ.\n\n٥٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ في بُيوتِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عامَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١٣)، والشافعي في المسند ١/ ٢٤٨ (٣١٧ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٨٨٧). وعنده: عبد الحميد بن سهيل. والصواب كما هنا، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٢٦٩. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٢: إبراهيم واه.\n(^٢) السدة: الظلال التي حول المسجد. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٥١.","vol":"6","page":53},{"text":"حَجَّ الوَليدُ وكَثُرَ النّاسُ وبَينَها وبَينَ المَسجِدِ طَريقٌ (^١).\n\n٥٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: حَدَّثَكَ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ ممَّن أثِقُ به (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهْرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن الثِّقَةِ عِندَه، أنَّ النّاسَ كانوا يَدخُلونَ حُجَرَ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بَعدَ وفاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيُصَلّونَ فيها الجُمُعَةَ. قال: وكانَ المَسجِدُ يَضيقُ عن أهلِه فيَتَوَسَّعونَ بها، وحُجَرُ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - لَيسَت مِنَ المَسجِدِ ولَكِنَّ أبوابَها شارِعَةٌ في المَسجِدِ. قال مالكٌ: فمَن صَلَّى في شَئٍ مِن أفنيَةِ المَسجِدِ الواصِلَةِ به مِنَ المَسجِدِ أو في رِحابِه التي تَليه، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُجزِئٌ عنه، ولَم يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ مِن أمرِ النّاسِ لَم يَعِبْه أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ الفِقه. قال مالكٌ: فأَمّا دارٌ مُغلَقَةٌ لا تُدخَلُ إلَّا بإِذنٍ فإِنَّه لا يَنبَغِى لأحَدٍ أن يُصَلِّىَ فيها بصَلاةِ الإمامِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وإِن قَرُبَت؛ لأنَّها لَيسَت مِنَ المَسجِدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1125>بابُ خُروجِ الرَّجُلِ مِن صَلاةِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٥٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥١٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢١٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (٤٥٨، ٤٥٩).","vol":"6","page":54},{"text":"الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وأبو الزُّبَيرِ كَم شاءَ اللَّهُ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كان مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ يُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَى قَومِه بَنِى سَلِمَةَ فيُصَلّيها بهِم، وإنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخَّرَ العِشاءَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ، فصَلَّاها مُعاذٌ مَعَه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأَمَّ قَومَه، فافتَتَحَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" فتَنَحَّى رَجُلٌ مِن خَلفِه فصَلَّى وحدَه، فلَمّا انصرَفَ قالوا: نافَقْتَ يا فُلانُ؟ فقالَ: ما نافَقتُ، ولَكِنِّى آتِى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأُخبِرُه. فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّك أخَّرتَ العِشاءَ البارِحَةَ، وإِنَّ مُعاذًا صلَّاها مَعَكَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأَمَّنا، فافتَتَحَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، فتَنَحَّيتُ فصَلَّيتُ وحدِى، وإِنَّما نَحنُ أهلُ نَواضِحَ نَعمَلُ بأَيدينا. فالتَفَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مُعاذٍ فقالَ: \"أفَتّانٌ يا مُعاذُ؟! أفَتّانٌ أنتَ؟! اقرأْ بسورَةِ كَذا وسورَةِ كَذا\" قال عمرٌو: وعَدَّ سُوَرًا. قال سفيانُ: وقالَ أبو الزُّبَيرِ: وقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اقرأْ بسَبِّحِ اسمَ رَبِّكَ الأعلَى، والسَّماءِ والطّارِقِ، والسَّماءِ ذاتِ البُروجِ، والشَّمسِ وضُحاها، واللَّيلِ إذا يَغشَى، ونَحوِها\" فقُلتُ لِعَمرٍو: فإِنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ كان يقولُ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان قال له: \"اقرأْ بسَبِّحِ اسمَ رَبِّكَ الأعلَى، والسَّماءِ والطّارِقِ، والسَّماءِ ذاتِ البُروجِ، والشَّمسِ وضُحاها، واللَّيلِ إذا يَغشَى\". فقالَ عمرٌو: هِىَ هذه أو نَحوُ هَذِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٣١٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (١٢٤٦). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (١٧٧٥) عن بشر بن موسى به. وتقدم في (٥١٦٥)، وسيأتي في (٥٣٣٦، ٥٣٣٧، ٣٣٣٨).","vol":"6","page":55},{"text":"دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ زيادَةَ أبى الزُّبَيرِ (^١). وبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ.\n\n٥٣١٨ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىُّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: فانحَرَفَ رَجُلٌ فسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وحدَه وانصَرَفَ. أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبَّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1126>بابُ الصَّلاةِ بإِمامَينِ أحَدُهُما بَعدَ الآخَرِ</span>\n\n٥٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السَاعِدِىِّ وهو مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: وقَعَ بَينَ الأوسِ والخَزرَجِ كَلامٌ، فتَناوَلَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا، وأُتِىَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فأُخبِرَ، فأَتاهُم فاحتَبَسَ، فأَذَّنَ بلالٌ واحتَبَسَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا احتَبَسَ أقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فتَقَدَّمَ أبو بكرٍ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ، وجاءَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِن مَجيئِه ذاكَ. قال: فتَخَلَّلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى الصَّفِّ الَّذِى يَلِى أبا بكرٍ، فصَفَّقَ النّاسُ، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ لا يَلتَفِتُ في الصَّلاةِ، فلَمَّا سَمِعَ التَّصفيقَ التَفَتَ، فإِذا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، فأَشارَ إلَيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢١٣ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٧٨).","vol":"6","page":56},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - أنِ اثبُتْ مَكانَكَ، فرَفَعَ أبو بكرٍ رأسَه إلَى السَّماءِ ونَكَصَ القَهقَرَى، وتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى بهِم، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ قال: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تَثبُتَ؟ \". قال: ما كان اللهُ ليَرَى ابنَ أبى قُحافَةَ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما لَكُم حينَ نابَكُم شَئٌ في صَلاتِكُم صَفَّقتُم؟! إنَّما هذا لِلنِّساءِ، مَن نابَه شَئٌ في صَلاِته فليَقُلْ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن أبي حازِمٍ (^٢).\nوالأحاديثُ في تَكبيرِه ثُمَّ خُروجِه لِلغُسلِ ورُجوعِه وائتِمامِ مَن كَبَّرَ قَبلَ رُجوعِه قَد مَضَت في مَسأَلَةِ الجُنُبِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: رأَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ بَعضَ الحديثِ، قال: وكانَ إذا مَرَّ بَينَ الصَّفَّينِ قامَ، فإِن رأَى خَلَلًا قال: استَوُوا. حَتَّى إذا لَم يَرَ فيهِم خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فكَبَّرَ. قال: ورُبَّما قرأَ بسورَةِ \"يوسُفَ\" أوِ \"النَّحلِ\"، أو نَحوِ ذَلِكَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى حَتَّى يَجتَمِعَ النّاسُ. قال: فما هو إلَّا أن كَبَّرَ فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: قَتَلَنِى الكَلبُ. أو: أكَلَنِى الكَلبُ. حينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٠١) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا. وتقدم في (٣٣٧٣ - ٣٣٧٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٤)، ومسلم (٤٢١/ ١٠٢).\n(^٣) تقدمت في (٤١٢٠ - ٤١٢٩).","vol":"6","page":57},{"text":"طَعَنَه، فطارَ العِلجُ (^١) بالسِّكّينِ ذاتِ طَرَفَينِ، لا يَمُرُّ على أحَدٍ يَمينًا ولا شِمالًا إلَّا طَعَنَه، حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فماتَ مِنهُم تِسعَةٌ، فلَمّا رأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيه بُرنُسًا، فلَمّا ظَنَّ العِلجُ أنَّه مأخوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفسَه. قال: وتَناوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ فقَدَّمَه. قال: فمَن يَلِى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقَد رأَى الَّذِى رأَى، وأَمَّا نَواحِى المَسجِدِ فإِنَّهُم لا يَدرونَ غَيرَ أنَّهُم فقَدوا صَوتَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، وهُم يَقولونَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ. سُبحانَ اللهِ. قال: فصَلَّى بهِم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ صَلاةً خَفيفَةً. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\nوفى هذا دَلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الاستِخلافِ على ما جَوَّزَه الشّافِعِىُّ رَحِمَه اللهُ تَعالَى في الجَديدِ، وكانَ في القَديمِ لا يُجَوِّزُه ويَقولُ لمن يَحتَجُّ بهَذا عَلَيه: روّيتُم ذَلِكَ عن حُصَينٍ، وأبو إسحاقَ يُخبِرُ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ أنَّه لَم يُكَبِّرْ. قال: وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ أصحابِنا، وإِنَّما تَقَدَّمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ مُصبِحًا بَعدَ أن طُعِنَ عُمَرُ بساعَةٍ، فقَرأَ بسورَتَينِ قَصيرَتَينِ مُبادِرًا لِلشَّمسِ. هذا قَولُ الشّافِعِىِّ في القَديمِ.\n\n٥٣٢١ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ أبى إسحاقَ: أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الباقِلّانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) العلج: الرجل من كفار العجم وغيرهم. النهاية ٣/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩١٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به، وسيأتي في (١٦١٠٧، ١٦٦٥٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٧٠٠).","vol":"6","page":58},{"text":"ابنِ مَيمونٍ الأودِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حينَ طُعِنَ قال: أتاه أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ وهو (^١) يُسَوِّى الصُّفوفَ فطَعَنَه، وطَعَنَ اثنَى عَشَرَ رَجُلًا. قال: فأَنا رأَيتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - باسِطًا يَدَه وهو يقولُ: أدرِكوا الكَلبَ فقَد قَتَلَنِى. فأَتاه رَجُلٌ مِن ورائه فأَخَذَه. قال: فحُمِلَ عُمَرُ إلَى مَنزِلِه فأَتاه الطَّبيبُ فقالَ: أىُّ الشَّرابِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ؟ قال: النَّبيذُ (^٢). قال: فدَعا بالنَّبيذِ فشَرِبَ مِنه فخَرَجَ مِن إحدَى طَعَناتِهِ، فَقالَ: إنَّما هذا الصَّديدُ صَديدُ الدَّمِ. قال: فدَعا بلَبَنٍ فشَرِبَ، فقالَ: أوصِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ بما كُنتَ موصيًا، فواللَّهِ ما أراكَ تُمسِى. وأَتاه كَعبٌ فقالَ: ألَم أقُلْ لَكَ: لا تَموتُ إلَّا شَهيدًا. وأَنتَ تَقولُ: مِن أينَ وأَنا في جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ؟ قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ: الصَّلاةَ عِبادَ اللَّهِ، قَد كادَتِ الشَّمسُ تَطلُعُ. قال: فتَدافَعوا حَتَّى قَدَّموا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ فقَرأَ بأَقصَرِ سورَتَينِ في القُرآنِ: ﴿وَالْعَصْرِ﴾، و﴿إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ﴾ (^٣). كَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو إسحاقَ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَيمونُ بنُ مِهرانَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤)، ورُوِّيناه عن أبي رافِعٍ شَبيهًا برِوايَةِ حُصَينٍ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ (^٥). وحُصَينٌ أحسَنُ سياقَةً لِلحَديثِ مِن غَيرِه، وقَد أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"، فهو يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أحفَظَ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا الاستِخلافَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في وقتٍ آخَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"لعله\".\n(^٢) النبيذ: ما يعمل من الأشربة من التمر والزبيب وغيرهما، سواء كان مسكرا أو غير مسكر. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٧.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٠٨٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخلال في السنة (٣٦٣) من طريق ميمون بن مهران.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٦٩٠١، ١٦١٠٨).","vol":"6","page":59},{"text":"٥٣٢٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن زُرعَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ اللَّجلاجِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - صَلَّى يَومًا لِلنّاسِ، فلَمّا جَلَسَ في الرَّكعَتَينِ الأولتين أطالَ الجُلوسَ، فلَمّا استقلَّ (^١) قائمًا نَكَصَ خَلفَه فأَخَذَ بَيدِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ القَومِ فقَدَّمَه مَكانَه، فلَمّا خَرَجَ إلَى العَصرِ صَلّى لِلنّاسِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ أخَذَ بجَناحِ المِنبَرِ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ أيُّها النّاسُ، فإِنِّى تَوَضّأْتُ لِلصَّلاةِ فمَرَرتُ بامرأَةٍ مِن أهلِى، فكانَ مِنِّى ومِنها ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَكونَ، فلَمّا كُنتُ في صَلاتِى وجَدتُ بَلَلًا، فخَيَّرتُ نَفسِى بَينَ أمرَينِ إمّا أن أستَحيِىَ مِنكُم وأَجتَرِئَ على اللَّهِ، وإِمّا أن أستَحيِىَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وأَجتَرِئَ عَلَيكُم، فكانَ أن أستَحيِىَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وأَجتَرِئَ عَلَيكُم أحَبَّ إلَىَّ، فخَرَجتُ فتَوَضّأتُ وجَدَدتُ صَلاتِى، فمَن صَنَعَ كما صَنَعتُه فليَصنَعْ كما صَنَعتُ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ في جَوازِ الاستِخلافِ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -:\n\n٥٣٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"استقبل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٤ من طريق أبى بكر الحيرى به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٩٥) عن محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن عبد الحكم به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٥: خالد لم يدرك عمر.","vol":"6","page":60},{"text":"حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سُمَيعٍ، حدثنا أبو رَزينٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فرَعَفَ، فالتَفَتَ فأَخَذَ بَيَدِ رَجُلٍ فقَدَّمَه فصَلَّى، وخَرَجَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1127>بابُ الإمامِ يِخرُجُ ولا يَستَخلِفُ</span>\n\n٥٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا (^٢) عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ السُّلَمِىُّ أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ مُعاويَةَ يَومَ طُعِنَ بإيلياءَ (^٣) رَكعَةً، وطُعِنَ مُعاويَةُ حينَ قَضاها، فأَرادَ أن يَرفَعَ رأسَه مِن سُجودِه، فقالَ مُعاويَةُ لِلنّاسِ: أتِمّوا صَلاتَكُم. فقامَ كُلُّ امرِئٍ فأَتَمَّ صَلاتَه، ولَم يُقَدِّمْ أحَدًا ولَم يُقَدِّمْه النّاسُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٦٧٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"عبد اللَّه أنا\".\n(^٣) إيلياء: المدينة التي بها المسجد الأقصى (القدس). المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٩٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٥١٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٥: إسناده صالح.","vol":"6","page":61},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1128>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَلاةِ الإمامِ وصِفَةِ الأئمَّةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1129>بابُ ما على الإمامِ مِنَ التَّخفيفِ</span>\n\n٥٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: ما صَلَّيتُ وراءَ إمامٍ أخَفَّ ولا أتَمَّ صَلاةً مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ القَزّازُ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يوجِزُ (^٣) الصَّلاةَ ويُكمِلُها (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥).\n\n٥٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِىُّ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٥٨) من طريق إسماعيل به. وابن حبان (١٨٨٦) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٩/ ١٩٠)، والبخاري (٧٠٨).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"يؤخر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٩٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧٠٦).","vol":"6","page":62},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُوجِزُ (^١) الصَّلاةَ ويُتِمُّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وعَلِيُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخَفَّ النّاسِ صَلاةً في تَمامٍ (^٤). وفى حديثِ ابنِ أبي عروبةَ: من أخفِّ الناسِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٥٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"يؤخر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٩٨٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٦٩/ ١٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣٤) من طريق سعيد به. والترمذي (٢٣٧)، والنسائي (٨٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٠٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٦٩/ ١٨٩).","vol":"6","page":63},{"text":"الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن قَيسٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى لأتَخَلَّفُ عن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مِمّا يُطَوِّلُ بنا فُلانٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ مِنكُم مُنَفِّرينَ، فأيُّكُم أمَّ النّاسَ فليُخَفِّفْ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ الكَبيرَ والسَّقيمَ وذا الحاجَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٣٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أَخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي لا أكادُ أُدرِكُ الصَّلاةَ مِمّا يُطَوِّلُ بنا فُلانٌ. فما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَوعِظَةٍ كان أشَدَّ غَضَبًا مِنه يَومَئذٍ، فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّ مِنكُم مُنَفِّرينَ، مَن صَلَّى بالنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفْ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ المَريضَ والضَّعيفَ وذا الحاجَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٧٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٧٠٦٥)، ومسلم (٤٦٦/ ١٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٩١)، وابن ماجه (٩٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢١٣٧) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٦/ عقب ١٨٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٤٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٠).","vol":"6","page":64},{"text":"٥٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، [حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم لِلنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفْ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ الضَّعيفَ والكَبيرَ وذا الحاجَةِ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ] (^١)، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٥٣٣٢ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هُرَيرَة يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم لِلنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفْ؛ فإِنَّ في النّاسِ الضَّعيفَ والسَّقيمَ وذا الحاجَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٥٣٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٧/ عقب ١٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٣٦) عن محمد بن الحسن به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٦٧/ ١٨٥).","vol":"6","page":65},{"text":"أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو (^١) الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ أبى العاصِ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أمَمتَ القَومَ فأخِفَّ بهِمُ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حَدَّثَ عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاصِ قال: آخِرُ ما عَهِدَ إلَىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أمَمتَ قَومًا فأخِفَّ بهِمُ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فنَزَلتُ على أبي هريرةَ، وكانَ بَينَه وبَينَ مَوالِىَّ قَرابَةٌ، فكانَ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ فيُخَفَّفُ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ أهَكَذا كانَت صلاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: نَعَم، وأَوجَزَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: الأصل. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٨٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٠٦، والطيالسى (٩٨٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٦٨/ ١٨٧).\n(^٥) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ١٨٩، والحميدى (٩٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٢٩) من طريق إسماعيل به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٦: إسناده جيد.","vol":"6","page":66},{"text":"٥٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ: أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ بناضِحَينِ له وقَد جَنَحَ اللَّيلُ، فوافَقَ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ يُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ، فتَرَكَ ناضِحَيه وأَقبَلَ إلَى مُعاذٍ لَيُصَلِّىَ مَعَه، فقَرأَ مُعاذٌ \"البَقَرَةَ\" أوِ \"النِّساءَ\"، فانطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ، وبَلَغَه أنَّ مُعاذًا نالَ مِنه، فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فشَكا إلَيه مُعاذًا فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أفاتِنٌ أنتَ؟! أو قال: أفَتّانٌ أنتَ؟!. ثلاثَ مِرارٍ - فلَولا صَلَّيتَ بسَبِّحِ اسمَ رَبِّكَ الأعلَى، والشَّمسِ وضُحاها، واللَّيلِ إذا يَغشَى؟ فإِنَّه يُصَلِّى وراءَكَ الكَبيرُ وذو الحاجَةِ والضَّعيفُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٢).\nكَذا قال مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ عن جابِرٍ: المَغرِب. وقالَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وأبو الزُّبَيرِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مِقسَمٍ عن جابِرٍ: العِشاء. أمّا حَديثُ عمرٍو فقَد مَضَى في هذا الكِتابِ في مَوضِعَينِ (^٣).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٥٣٣٧ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩٠) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي (٩٨٣) من طريق محارب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٠٥). وليس فيه ذكر المغرب.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥١٦٥، ٥٣١٦).","vol":"6","page":67},{"text":"القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ صَلَّى العِشاءَ فطَوَّلَ على أصحابِهِ، فأُخبِرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لمُعاذٍ: \"أفَتّانٌ أنتَ؟! خَفِّفْ على النّاسِ، واقرأْ بالشَّمسِ وضُحاها، وسَبِّحِ اسمَ رَبِّكَ الأعلَى، ونَحوِ ذَلِكَ، ولا تَشُقَّ على النّاسِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه زادَ: \"اقرأْ باسمِ رَبِّكَ، واللَّيلِ إذا يَغشَى\". ولَم يَقُلْ: \"ولا تَشُقَّ على النّاسِ\" (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مِقسَمٍ:\n\n٥٣٣٨ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مِقسَمٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ مُعاذٍ وتِلكَ القَصَّةَ. قال: كان مُعاذٌ يُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العِشاءَ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيُصَلِّى بأَصحابِه، فرَجَعَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فصَلَّى بهِم، وصَلَّى خَلفَه فتًى مِن قَومِه، فلَمّا طالَ على الفَتَى صَلَّى وخَرَجَ، فأَخَذَ بخِطامِ بَعيرِه وانطَلَقَ، فلَمّا صَلَّى مُعاذٌ ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: إنَّ هذا به لَنِفاقٌ، لأُخبِرَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِى صنَعَ. وقالَ الفَتَى: وأَنا لأُخبِرَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِى صَنَعَ. فغَدَوَا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه مُعاذٌ بالَّذِى صنَعَ الفَتَى، فقالَ الفَتَى: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ يُطيلُ المُكثَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٠٩٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٥/ ١٧٩).","vol":"6","page":68},{"text":"عِندَكَ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيُطَوِّلُ عَلَينا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفَتّانٌ أنتَ يا مُعاذُ؟! \". وقالَ لِلفَتَى: \"كَيفَ تَصنَعُ يا ابنَ أخِى إذا صَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: أقرأُ بـ \"بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ\" وأَسأَلُ اللَّهَ الجَنَّةَ وأَعوذُ به مِنَ النّارِ، وإِنِّى لا أدرِى ما دَندَنَتُكَ ودَندَنَةُ مُعاذٍ (^١). فَقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي ومُعاذٌ حَولَ هاتَينِ\". أو نَحوَ ذا. قال: قال الفَتَى: ولَكِنْ سَيَعلَمُ مُعاذٌ إذا قَدِمَ القَومُ. وقَد خَبُروا أنَّ العَدوَّ قَد دَنَوا (^٢). قال: فقَدِموا فاستُشهِدَ الفَتَى، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ذَلِكَ لمُعاذٍ: \"ما فعَلَ خَصمِى وخَصمُكَ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، صدَقَ اللَّهَ (^٣) وكَذَبتُ، استُشهِدَ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا طالِبُ بنُ حَبيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ جابِرٍ يُحَدَّثُ، عن حَزمِ بنِ أبي (^٥) كَعبٍ، أنَّه أتَى مُعاذًا وهو يُصَلِّى بقَومٍ صَلاةَ المغرِبِ. في هذا الخَبَرِ، قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا مُعاذ لا تَكُنْ فتّانًا؛ فإِنَّه يُصَلِّى وراءَكَ الكَبيرُ والضَّعيفُ وذو الحاجَةِ والمُسافِرُ\" (^٦). كَذا\n_________\n(^١) الدندنة: الكلام تسمع نغمته ولا تفهمه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"أتوا\".\n(^٣) ضبطناها هكذا، وقد تكون بالرفع. والله أعلم.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٧٩٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٣٤) عن يحيى بن حبيب به. وأحمد (١٤٢٤١) من طريق ابن عجلان به مختصرًا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٧١١).\n(^٥) بعده في س وسنن أبي داود: \"بن\". وهكذا وقع في نسخة الأصل من التاريخ الكبير للبخاري، ونسخة من ثقات ابن حبان، والمثبت موافق لما في بقية مصادر ترجمته. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١١٠، ومعجم الصحابة للبغوى ٢/ ١٣٢، وثقات ابن حبان ٣/ ٩٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٥٩٠، والإصابة ٢/ ٥٢٣.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٧٩١). قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٧: إسناده على نكارته صالح.","vol":"6","page":69},{"text":"قال، والرِّواياتُ المُتَقَدِّمَةُ في العِشاءِ أصَحُّ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1130>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّى لِنَفسِه فيُطيلُ ما شاءَ</span>\n\n٥٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى القَعنَبِىَّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم بالنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفْ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ السَّقيمَ والضَّعيفَ والكَبيرَ، وإِذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم لِنَفسِه فليُطَوِّلْ ما شاءَ\". وَفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم يُصَلِّى لِلنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفْ، فإنَّ فيهِمُ السَّقيمَ والضَّعيفَ، فإِذا كان يُصَلِّى لِنَفسِه فليُطِلْ ما شاءَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ وزادَ فيه بعضُهم \"الصَّغيرَ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٢٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٦١، ومالك ١/ ١٣٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٦)، والنسائي (٨٢٢)، وابن حبان (١٧٦٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٧٩٤) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٠٣).\n(^٣) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: أخرجه مسلم. إلى آخره\".","vol":"6","page":70},{"text":"الخُلْدِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أمَّ أحَدُكُمُ النّاسَ فليُخَفِّفْ، فإِنَّ فيهِمُ الصَّغيرَ والكَبيرَ والضَّعيفَ والمَريضَ، فإِذا صَلَّى وحدَه فليُصَلِّ كيفَ شاءَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ما أمَّ أحَدُكُم لِلنّاسِ فليُخَفِّفِ الصَّلاةَ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ الكَبيرَ، وفيهِمُ الضَّعيفَ، وفيهِمُ السَّقيمَ، وإِن قامَ وحدَه فليُطِلْ صَلاتَه ما شاءَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاصِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال له: \"أُمَّ قَومَكَ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي أجِدُ في نَفسِى شَيئًا. قال: \"ادنُه\". فأَجلَسَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٣٦) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٧/ ١٨٣).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٣٧١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢١٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٤٦٧/ ١٨٤).","vol":"6","page":71},{"text":"بَينَ يَدَيه ثُمَّ وضَعَ كَفَّه في صَدرِى بَينَ ثَديَىَّ، ثُمَّ قال: \"تَحَوَّلْ\". فوَضَعَهُما في ظَهرِى بَينَ كَتِفَىَّ، ثُمَّ قال: \"أُمَّ قَومَكَ، فمَن أمَّ قَومًا فليُخَفَّفْ؛ فإِنَّ فيهِمُ الكَبيرَ، وإِنَّ فيهِمُ الصَّغيرَ، وإِنَّ فيهِمُ المَريضَ، وإِنَّ فيهِمُ ذا الحاجَةِ، فإِذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُم فليُصَلِّ كَيفَ شاءَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ سَرجِسَ قال: عُدنا أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىَّ في وجَعِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه فسَمِعناه يقولُ: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أخَفَّ النّاسِ صَلاةً على النّاسِ وأَطوَلَ النّاسِ صَلاةً لِنَفسِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1131>بابُ تَخفيفِ الصَّلاةِ لِلأمرِ يَحدُثُ</span>\n\n٥٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا المَنيعِىُّ وأبو يَعلَى قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٧٦) من طريق عمرو بن عثمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٦٨/ ١٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٩٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٤٨: إسناده جيد، ونافع هذا قال أحمد: لا أعلم إلا خيرا.","vol":"6","page":72},{"text":"عبدِ الواحِدِ وبِشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لأقومُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ وأنا أُريدُ أن أُطَوِّلَ فيها، فأسمَعُ بُكاءَ الصَّبِيِّ فأتَجَوَّزُ؛ كَراهيَةَ أن أشُقَّ على أُمِّه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، وفِي حَديثِ الأديبِ: \"في الصَّلاةِ\". وقالَ: \"فأتَجَوَّزُ في صَلاتِى\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ وابنُ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ يَعنِى موسَى بنَ إسماعيلَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"إنِّي لأقومُ في الصَّلاةِ وأنا أُريدُ أُطيلُها، فأسمَعُ بُكاءَ الصَّبِيِّ فأتَجَوَّزُ في صَلاتِى؛ ممّا أعلمُ مِن وجدِ أُمِّه عَلَيه مِن بُكائه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ موسَى: حدثنا أبانٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1132>بابُ قَدرِ قِراءَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الصَّلاةِ المَكتوبَةِ وهو إمامٌ</span>\nقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ الصَّحيحَةُ في هذا المَعنَى في بابِ طولِ القِراءَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٧٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٠٢)، والنسائي (٨٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٩٩١) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٠٧) وزاد: وبقية عن الأوزاعي.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٣١) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٧١٠).","vol":"6","page":73},{"text":"وقِصَرِها (^١).\n\n٥٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بالتَّخفيفِ، وإِن كان لَيَؤُمُّنا بـ \"الصّافّاتِ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٣٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا سُكَينُ (^٣) بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِى المُثَنَّى الأحمَرُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسًا عن مِقدارِ صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فأَمَرَ النَّضرَ بنَ أنَسٍ أو أحَدَ بَنيه، فصَلَّى بنا الظُّهرَ أوِ العَصرَ، فقَرأَ بنا ﴿وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ﴾ و﴿عَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ﴾ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ الطُّوسِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ وهو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٠٦٢) وما بعدها.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٠٦) من طريق عثمان به. وأحمد (٤٧٩٦)، والنسائي (٨٢٥) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٧٩٦).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"مسكين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢٩٠) من طريق عفان به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٠: سكين قال النسائي: ليس بالقوى وشيخه لا يعرف.","vol":"6","page":74},{"text":"ابنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ سَمُرَةَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الصَّلَواتِ كَنَحوٍ مِن صَلاتِكُمُ التي تُصَلُّونَ اليَومَ، ولَكِنَّه كان يُخَفِّفُ، كانَت صَلاتُه أخَفَّ مِن صَلاتِكُم، كان يَقرأُ في الفَجرِ \"الواقِعَةَ\" ونَحوَها مِنَ السُّوَرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1133>بابُ اجتِماعِ القَومِ في مَوضِعٍ هُم فيه سَواءٌ</span>\n\n٥٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: حَفِظْناه مِنَ الأعمَشِ ولَم نَجِدْه ههُنا بمَكَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ رَجاءٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمْعَجٍ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ، فإِن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سَواءً فأعلَمُهُم بالسُّنَّةِ، فإِن كانوا في السُّنَّةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإِن كانوا في الهِجرَةِ سَواءً فأكبَرُهُم سِنًّا، ولا يُؤَمُّ رَجُلٌ في سُلطانِه، ولا يُجلَسُ (^٢) على تَكرِمَتِه في بَيتِه إلا بإِذنِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣١)، وابن حبان (١٨٢٣) من طريق سماك به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٠: فوصف جابر صلاة أئمته بالطول لكونها أطول من صلاة النبي - ﷺ - الذي كان يخفف بالنسبة إلى أولئك الأئمة، وصلاته طويلة بالنسبة إلى أئمة زماننا، فظهر لك بقوله عيه السلام: \"فليخفف\". أي: لا يزيد على مقدار صلاتى. فإن التخفيف أمر نسبى يختلف باختلاف الأزمنة، ولا جائز أن يرد إلى العرف اليوم، بل يرد إلى عرف الشارع وأصحابه. وحسنه الألباني في تعيقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (١٨٢٠).\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"رجل\".\n(^٣) الحميدي (٤٥٧). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (١٥٠٤) من طريق بشر به. وتقدم في (٥١٩٨)، وسيأتي في (٥٣٨٣، ٥٣٨٤).","vol":"6","page":75},{"text":"عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٥٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمْعَجٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ أكثَرُهُم قُرآنًا، فإِن كانوا في القُرآنِ واحِدًا فأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإِن كانَتِ الهِجرَةُ واحِدَةً فأفقهُهم (^٢) فِقهًا، فإِن كان الفِقهُ واحِدًا فأكبَرُهُم سِنًّا، ولا يُؤَمَّنَّ رَجُلٌ في سُلطانِه، ولا يُجلَسُ على تَكرِمَتِه في بَيتِه إلا أن يأذَنَ له\" (^٣). كَذا قالَه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ عن الأعمَشِ، ورَواه الجَماعَةُ عن الأعمَشِ على اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ.\n\n٥٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سعيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً فليَؤُمَّهُم أحَدُهُم، وأحَقُّهُم بالإِمامَةِ أقرَؤُهُم\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٧٣/ عقب ٢٩٠).\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"فأكثرهم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٠ عن على بن محمد المصرى به.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٨) من طريق سعيد به. ومسلم (٦٧٢/ ٢٨٩)، والنسائي (٧٨١)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٨)، وابن حبان (٢١٣٢) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"6","page":76},{"text":"لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً في سَفَرٍ فليَؤُمَّهُم أحَدُهُم، وأحَقُّهُم بالإِمامَةِ أقرَؤُهُم\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1134>بابُ البَيانِ أنَّه إنَّما قيلَ: يَؤُمُّهُم أقرَؤُهُم. أنَّ مَن مَضَى مِنَ الأئمَّةِ كانوا يُسلِمونَ كِبارًا فيَتَفَقَّهونَ قَبلَ أن يَقرءوا أو مَعَ القِراءَةِ</span>\n\n٥٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا إذا تَعَلَّمْنا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عَشْرَ آياتٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ لَم نَتَعَلَّمْ مِنَ العَشْرِ التي نَزَلَت بَعدَها حَتَّى نَعلَمَ (^٤) ما فيهِ. قيلَ لِشَريكٍ: مِنَ العَمَلِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٧٢/ عقب ٢٨٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥١٩٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٧٢/ عقب ٢٨٩).\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"نتعلم\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (١٩٥٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٥٧ وصحح إسناده، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٤٥٠) من طريق شريك به.","vol":"6","page":77},{"text":"٥٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهْرَجانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ جَنَّادٍ الحَلَبِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لَقَد عِشْنا بُرهَةً مِن دَهرِنا وأَحَدُنا يُؤتَى الإيمانَ قَبلَ القُرآنِ، وتَنزِلُ السّورَةُ على محمدٍ - ﷺ - فيَتَعَلَّمُ حَلالَها وحَرامَها، وآمِرَها وزاجِرَها، وما يَنبَغِى أن يَقِفَ عِندَه مِنها، كما تَعَلَّمونَ أنتُمُ اليَومَ القُرآنَ، ثُمَّ لَقَد رأَيتُ اليَومَ رِجالًا يُؤتَى أحَدُهُمُ القُرآنَ قَبلَ الإيمانِ، فيَقرأُ ما بَينَ فاتِحَتِه إلَى خاتِمَتِه ما يَدرِى ما آمِرُه ولا زاجِرُه، ولا ما يَنبَغِى أن يَقِفَ عِندَه مِنه، فيَنثُرُه نَثرَ الدَّقَلِ (^١).\n\n٥٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي السَّفَرِ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُ: إنّا قَومٌ أُوتينا الإيمانَ قَبلَ أن نُؤتَى القُرآنَ، وإِنَّكُم قَومٌ أُوتيتُمُ القُرآنَ قَبلَ أن تُؤتَوُا الإيمانَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ نَجيحٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَوْنِيِّ، عن جُندُبٍ قال: كُنّا غِلمانًا حَزاوِرَةً (^٣) مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) الدقل: تمر ردئ لا يتلاصق فإذا نثر تفرق وانفردت كل ثمرة عن أختها. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١٦٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٤٨ - تفسير).\n(^٣) حزاورة: جمع حزْوَر وحزَوَّر، وهو المراهق، والتاء لتأنيث الجمع. الفائق ١/ ٢٨٠، ٢٨١.","vol":"6","page":78},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيُعَلّمُنا الإيمانَ قَبلَ القُرآنِ، ثُمَّ يُعَلِّمُنا القُرآنَ، فازْدَدْنا به إيمانًا، وإِنَّكُمُ اليَومَ تَعَلَّمونَ القُرآنَ قَبلَ الإيمانِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1135>بابٌ: إذا استَوَوْا في الفِقهِ والقِراءَةِ أمَّهُم أكبَرُهُم سِنًّا</span>\n\n٥٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ الحُوَيرِثِ قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقارِبونَ، فأَقَمنا عِندَه عِشرينَ لَيلَةً، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَحيمًا رَقيقًا، فلَمّا ظَنَّ أنّا قَدِ اشتَهَينا أهلنا واشتَقنا (^٢)، سأَلَنا عَمّا تَرَكْنا بَعدَنا، فأَخْبَرَناه فقالَ: \"ارجِعوا إلَى أهاليكُم فأقيموا فيهِم، وعَلَّموهُم ومُروهُم\" - وذَكَرَ أشياءَ أحفَظُها وأَشياءَ لا أحفَظُها - \"وصَلُّوا كما رأيتُمونِى أُصَلِّى، فإِذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فليُؤَذِّنْ لَكُم أحَدُكُم وليَؤُمَّكُم أكبَرُكُم\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، كِلاهُما عن الثَّقَفِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٦١) من طريق وكيع. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٢٣): هذا إسناد صحيح، رجاله ثقات. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥١: معلوم بلا نزاع بأن أبى بن كعب أقرأ الأمة، وقد قدم المهاجرون وفيهم عمر في الصلاة بهم سالما مولى أبى حذيفة، لكونه أكثرهم قرآنا وعمر أفقه منه بكثير.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"وأشفقنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٩٧) من طريق محمد بشار به. وتقدم في (١٨٢٨، ٢٣٠١، ٣٩١٣، ٤٩٩١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٣١)، ومسلم (٦٧٤/ عقب ٢٩٢).","vol":"6","page":79},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ومَسلَمَةُ بنُ محمدٍ المَعنَى واحِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ حُوَيرِثٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال له أو لِصاحِبٍ له: \"إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فأذِّنا، ثُمَّ أقيما، ثُمَّ ليَؤُمَّكُما أكبَرُكُما\" (^١). وفِي حَديثِ مَسلَمَةَ قال: وكُنّا يَومَئذٍ مُتَقارِبَينِ في العِلمِ. وقالَ في حَديثِ إسماعيلَ: قال خالِدٌ: قُلتُ لأبِى قِلابَةَ: فأَينَ القِراءَةُ؟ قال: إنَّهُما كانا مُتَقارِبَينِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1136>بابُ مَن قال: يَؤُمُّهُم ذو نَسَبٍ إذا استَوَوْا في القِراءَةِ والفِقهِ</span>\n\n٥٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"النّاسُ تَبَعٌ لِقُرَيشٍ في هذا الشّأنِ؛ مُسلِمُهُم تَبَعٌ لِمُسلِمِهِم، وكافِرُهُم تَبَعٌ لِكافِرِهِم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٨٩). وتقدم في (١٩٦٣، ١٩٦٤، ٥٠٦٣، ٥٠٦٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٥٥١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٥٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٨٩٥)، وعنه أحمد (٨٢٤٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٨/ ٢).","vol":"6","page":80},{"text":"يَزالُ هذا الأمرُ في قُرَيشٍ ما بَقِىَ مِنَ النّاسِ اثنانِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الأدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبي حَثمَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُعَلِّموا قُرَيشًا وتَعَلَّموا مِنها، ولا تَقَدَّموا قُرَيشًا ولا تأخَّروا عَنها؛ فإِنَّ لِلقُرَشِىَّ مِثلَ قوَّةِ الرَّجُلَينِ مِن غَيرِهِم\" (^٣). يَعنِى: في الرّأىِ، هذا مُرسَلٌ، وروِىَ مَوصولًا ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن شَيبانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سَهلٍ يُكنَى أبا أسَدٍ، عن بُكَيرٍ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الأئمَّةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٣٢)، وابن حبان (٦٢٦٦) من طريق عاصم به. وسيأتي في (١٦٦١١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٤٠)، ومسلم (١٨٢٠/ ٤).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٩٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٩٢٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٣٢).\n(^٥) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٢٢٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٠٠) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٤٢) من طريق أبى أسد به. وسيأتي في (١٦٦١٩). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ١٩٢: ورجال أحمد ثقات.","vol":"6","page":81},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1137>بابُ مَن قال: يَؤُمُّهُم أحسَنُهُم وجهًا. إن صَحَّ الخَبَرُ</span>\n\n٥٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ يَزيدَ الحافظُ وأَنا سأَلتُه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ العَسقَلانِىُّ وكانَ مِن أماثِلِ الشّامِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أبو خالِدٍ القاضِى مِن ولَدِ عَتّابِ بنِ أَسِيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَزرَةُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن عِلباءَ بنِ أحمَرَ، عن أبي زَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ وهو عمرُو بنُ أخطَبَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً فليَؤُمَّهُم أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فإِن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سواءً فأكبَرُهُم سِنًّا، فإِن كانوا في السِّنِّ سَواءً فأحسَنُهُم وجهًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1138>بابُ الصَّلاةِ خَلفَ مَن لا يُحمَدُ فِعلُهُ</span>\n\n٥٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الجِهادُ واجِبٌ عَلَيكُم مَعَ كُلِّ أميرٍ، بَرًّا كان أو فاجِرًا، [والصَّلاةُ واجِبَةٌ عَلَيكُم خَلفَ كُلَّ مُسلِمٍ، بَرًّا كان أو فاجِرًا] (^٢) وإِن عَمِلَ الكبائرَ، [والصَّلاةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ بَرًّا كان أو فاجِرًا وإِن عَمِلَ الكبائرَ] (^٢) \" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٣٦، والسيوطي في اللآلئ المصنوعة ٢/ ٢٢. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٣: عبد العزيز غمزه أبو أحمد الحاكم بهذا الحديث، وهو خبر منكر، فقد روى مسلم حديثا بهذا الإسناد.\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٣٤)، وفى المعرفة (١٥٤٢)، وفى الشعب (٩٢٤٢)، وأبو داود (٥٩٤). =","vol":"6","page":82},{"text":"٥٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ اعتَزَلَ بمِنًى في قِتالِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، والحَجّاجُ بمِنًى، فصَلَّى مَعَ الحَجّاجِ (^١).\n\n٥٣٦٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مصَفَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَرْوانَ بكُتُبٍ إلَى الحَجّاجِ، فأَتَيتُه وقَد نَصَبَ على البَيتِ أربَعينَ مَنجَنيقًا، فرأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ مَعَ الحَجّاجِ صَلَّى مَعَه، وإِذا حَضرَ (^٢) ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ صَلَّى مَعَه. فقُلتُ له: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أتُصلَّى مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ وهَذِه أعمالُهُم؟ فقالَ: يا أخا أهلِ الشّامِ ما أنا لَهُم بحامِدٍ، ولا نُطيعُ مَخلوقًا في مَعصيَةِ الخالِقِ. قال: قُلتُ: ما تَقولُ في أهلِ الشّامِ؟ قال: ما أنا لَهُم بحامِدٍ. قُلتُ: فما قولُكُ في أهلِ مَكَّةَ؟ قال: ما أنا لَهُم بعاذِرٍ. يَقتَتِلونَ على الدُّنيا، يَتَهافَتونَ في النّارِ تَهافُتَ الذِّبَّانِ في المَرَقِ. قُلتُ: فما قَولُكَ في هذه\n_________\n= وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٢٠٧ من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٣: سنده منقطع بعد مكحول.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٤٠)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٨. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٢/ ١٢٣ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (١٨٦٣) عن الربيع به.\n(^٢) في س: \"حضرت مع\".","vol":"6","page":83},{"text":"البَيعَةِ التي أخَذَ عَلَينا مَرْوانُ؟ قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: كُنّا إذا بايَعنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ يُلَقِّنُنا: \"فيما استَطَعتُم\" (^١).\n\n٥٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ الحَسَنَ والحُسَينَ - ﵄ - كانا يُصلّيانِ خَلفَ مَرْوانَ. قال: فقالَ: ما كانا يُصلّيانِ إذا رَجَعا إلَى مَنازِلِهِما؟ فقالَ: لا واللَّهِ، ما كانا يَزيدانِ على صَلاةِ الأئمَّةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قال لَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ البَكّاءِ قال: أدرَكتُ عَشَرَةً مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كُلُّهُم يُصَلِّى خَلفَ أئمَّةِ الجَوْرِ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِى المُخَرِّمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يونُسُ وهو ابنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُسَلِّمُ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٦/ ٤٩٧ من طريق محمد بن مصفى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٤١)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ٢٤٨ من طريق أبى العباس به.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٩٠.","vol":"6","page":84},{"text":"الخَشَبيَّةِ (^١) والخَوارجِ وَهُم يَقتَتِلونَ، فقالَ: مَن قال: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ. أجَبتُه، ومَن قال: حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. أجَبتُه، ومَن قال: حَىَّ على قَتلِ أخيكَ المُسلِمِ وأَخذِ مالِه. قُلتُ: لا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1139>بابُ الصَّلاةِ بأَمرِ الوالِى</span>\n\n٥٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي حازِمِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَهَبَ إلَى بَنِى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ ليُصلِحَ بَينَهُم، وحانَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فجاءَ المُؤَذِّنُ إلَى أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أتُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ فأُقيمَ؟ قال: نَعَم. فصَلَّى أبو بكرٍ، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والنّاسُ في الصَّلاةِ، فتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وقَفَ في الصَّلاةِ، فصَفَّقَ النّاسُ، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - لا يَلتَفِتُ في الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا أكثَرَ النّاسُ التَّصفيقَ التَفَتَ فرأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَشارَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنِ امكُثْ مَكانَكَ، فرَفَعَ أبو بكرٍ يَدَيه فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ على ما أمَرَه به\n_________\n(^١) الخشبية: اسم أطلق على الرافضة لأنهم صنعوا سيوفا من الخشب وقالوا: لا جهاد إلا مع الإمام. مختصر منهاج السنة ١/ ١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ١٩١ من طريق المصنف به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٣٠٩ من طريق أبى شهاب به.","vol":"6","page":85},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ استأخَرَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - حَتَّى استَوَى في الصَّفِّ، وتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى، فلَمّا انصرَفَ قال: \"يا أبا بكرٍ، ما مَنَعَكَ أن تَثبُتَ إذ أمَرتُكَ\". قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: ما كان لابنِ أبي قُحافَةَ أن يُصَلِّىَ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما لِى رأيتُكُم أكثَرتُم مِنَ التَّصفيحِ (^١)؟! مَن نابَه شَئٌ في صَلاتِه فليُسَبِّحْ؛ فإنَّه إذا سَبَّحَ التُفِتَ إلَيهِ، فإِنَّما التَّصفيحُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي حازِمٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كان قِتالٌ بَينَ بَنِى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فأَتاهُم ليُصلِحَ بَينَهُم بَعدَ الظُّهرِ، فقالَ لِبِلالٍ: \"إن حَضَرَت صَلاةُ العَصرِ ولَم آتِكَ، فمُرْ أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فلَمّا حَضرَت صلاةُ العَصرِ أذَّنَ بلالٌ، ثُمَّ أقامَ، ثُمَّ أمَرَ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فتَقَدَّمَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال في آخِرِهِ: \"إذا نابَكُم شَئٌ في الصَّلاةِ فليُسَبِّحِ الرِّجالُ ولتُصَفِّقِ النِّساءُ\" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: قَولُه \"لِبِلالٍ\" في هذا الحديثِ زيادَةٌ حَفِظَها حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن الأثير: التصفيح والتصفيق واحد. النهاية ٣/ ٣٤.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٩٤٠). وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٣٧٣، ٣٩٢٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٤)، ومسلم (٤٢١/ ١٠٢).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٩٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨١٦)، والبخاري (٧١٩٠)، والنسائي (٧٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٧٥٣، ١٥١٧، ١٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٦١) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"6","page":86},{"text":"والزّيادَةُ من (^١) مِثلِه مَقبولَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1140>بابُ الصَّلاةِ بغَيرِ أمرِ الوالِى</span>\n\n٥٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ البَزّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَبّادُ بنُ زيادٍ (^٢)، عن عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ وحَمزَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَبّادُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عُروةَ وحَمزَةَ ابنَىِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ يُخبِرُ أنَّه سارَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، فلَمّا دَنا الفَجرُ عَدَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فعَدَلتُ مَعَه، فأَناخَ فتَبَرَّزَ، ومَعِى إداوَةٌ فيها ماءٌ، فلَمّا جاءَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَنِى فسَكَبتُ على يَدِه مِنَ الإداوَةِ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وجهَه، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَحسِرُ، عن ذِراعَيه، فضاقَ كُمّا جُبَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَدخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدَيه في جُبَّتِه فأَخرَجَهُما مِن تَحتِ الجُبَّةِ فغَسَلَهُما إلَى المِرفَقَينِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ برأسِه، وتَوَضّأَ على خُفَّيه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَقبَلَ مَعَه المُغيرَةُ، فوَجَدَ النّاسَ قَد أقاموا الصَّلاةَ وقَدَّموا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ يُصَلِّى لَهُم، فصَلَّى بهِم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ رَكعَةً مِن صَلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"في\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٣: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ١٢١.","vol":"6","page":87},{"text":"الفَجرِ قَبلَ أن يأتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَفَّ مَعَ النّاسِ وراءَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ في الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُتِمُّ صَلاتَه، ففَزِعَ النّاسُ لِذَلِكَ وأَكثَروا التَّسبيحَ، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاتَه قال لِلنّاسِ: \"قَد أصَبتُم. أو: أحسَنتُم\" (^١). كَذا قالا في إسنادِه: عن عَبّادٍ عن عُروةَ وحَمزَةَ. وقَد رَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ فقالَ: عن عُروةَ. فقَط (^٢).\n\n٥٣٧٤ - ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ عن حَديثِ عَبّادِ بنِ زيادٍ، أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ أخبَرَه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فلَمّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - صَلاتَه أقبَلَ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ قال: \"أحسَنتُم، أو: قَد أصَبتُم\". يغبطُهُم (^٣) أن صَلَّوُا الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها.\n\n٥٣٧٥ - قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ. نَحوَ حَديثِ عَبّادٍ، قال المُغيرَةُ: فأَرَدتُ تأخيرَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"دَعْه\". أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٢٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) روى بالتشديد، أي يحملهم على الغَبْط ويجعل هذا الفعل عندهم مما يغبط عليه، وإن روى بالتخفيف فيكون قد غبطهم لتقدمهم وسبقهم إلى الصلاة. النهاية ٣/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥١٥) عن محمد بن رافع به.","vol":"6","page":88},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^١).\n\n٥٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى ابنِ أزهَرَ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، وشَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عليٍّ وعُثمانُ مَحصورٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ يَعنِى ابنَ الخِيَارِ، أنَّه دَخَلَ على عثمانَ - ﵁ - وهو مَحصورٌ وعَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، فقالَ: إنِّي أُحرَجُ أن أُصَلِّىَ مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ وأَنتَ الإمامُ. قال: فقالَ له عثمانُ: إنَّ الصَّلاةَ أحسَنُ ما عَمِلَ النّاسُ، فإذا رأَيتَهُم يُحسِنونَ فأَحسِنْ مَعَهُم، وإِذا رأَيتَهُم يُسيئونَ فاجتَنِبْ سَيِّئَهُم (^٣).\n\n٥٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ القارِئِ، أنَّه رأى صاحِبَ المَقصورَةِ (^٤) في الفِتنَةِ حينَ حَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ خَرَجَ يَتْبَعُ النّاسَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٧٤/ ١٠٥)، وتقدم عقب (١٣٠٨).\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤١٤، ومالك ١/ ١٧٨، ١٧٩.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٩١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٤٧.\n(^٤) المقصورة: هي حيث يقوم الإمام في المسجد. ينظر تاج العروس ١٣/ ٤٢٦ (ق ص ر). وصاحب المقصورة: وظيفة أول من وضعها عثمان - ﵁ - واستعمل عليها السائب بن خباب - وهو المعنى هنا - =","vol":"6","page":89},{"text":"يقولُ: مَن يُصَلِّى لِلنّاسِ؟ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: إذن تَقَدَّمْ أنتَ فصلِّ بَينَ يَدَىِ النّاسِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1141>بابُ الإمامِ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ والقَومُ لا يَخشَونَهُ</span>\n\n٥٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه، أنَّ الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ أخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ بالكوفَةِ وأَنا جالِسٌ مَعَ أبى في المَسجِدِ، فقامَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مسعودٍ فثَوَّبَ بالصَّلاةِ فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه الوَليدُ: ما حَمَلَكَ على ما صَنَعتَ؟ أجاءَكَ مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ أمرٌ فسَمعٌ وطاعَةٌ، أمِ ابتَدَعتَ الَّذِى صَنَعتَ؟ قال: لَم يأتِنا مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ أمرٌ، ومَعاذَ اللَّهِ أن أكونَ ابتَدَعتُ، أبَى اللَّهُ عَلَينا ورسولُه أن نَنتَظِرَكَ في صَلاتِنا ونتْبَعَ حاجَتَكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٨٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ الأزرَقِىُّ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n= وكان رزقه دينارين في كل شهر. تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٧.\n(^١) الموطأ (٥٥٧) برواية أبى مصعب الزهري.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٣٩٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٦٣.","vol":"6","page":90},{"text":"جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"سَيَكونُ بَعدِى أُمَراءُ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن مَواقيتِها، ويُحدِثونَ البِدعَةَ\". فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: فكَيفَ أصنَعُ إن أدرَكتُهُم؟ قال: \"تَسألُنِى ابنَ أُمِّ عبدٍ كَيفَ تَصنَعُ؟ لا طاعَةَ لمن عَصَى اللَّهَ\" (^١). تابَعَه إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، وزادَ فيه: \"يُطفِئونَ السُّنَّةَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1142>بابُ الإمامِ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ والقَومُ يَخافونَ سَطوَتَهُ</span>\n\n٥٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ أنتَ إذا كانَت عَلَيكَ أُمَراءُ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن وقتِها؟ \" أو قال: \"يُميتونَ الصَّلاةَ عن وقتِها؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: فما تأمُرُنِى؟ قال: \"صَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها، فإن أدرَكتَها مَعَهُم فصَلِّ؛ فإنَّها لَكَ نافِلَةٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\n\n٥٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ وهو دُحَيمٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (١٣١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٦٥) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن عثمان بن خثيم به.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٥٤٠٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٣١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وتقدم في (٣٦٩٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٣٨).","vol":"6","page":91},{"text":"يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأَودِيِّ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - اليَمَنَ رسولُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَينا. قال: فسَمِعتُ تَكبيرَه مَعَ الفَجرِ [رَجُلٌ أجَشُّ الصَّوتِ] (^١). قال: فأُلقيَت عَلَيه مَحَبَّتِى، فما فارَقتُه حَتَّى دَفَنتُه بالشّامِ مَيتًا، ثُمَّ نَظَرتُ إلَى أفقَهِ النّاسِ بَعدَه، فأَتَيتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ، فلَزِمتُه حَتَّى ماتَ، فقالَ: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ بكُم إذا أتَت عَلَيكُم أُمَراءُ يُصَلّونَ الصَّلاةَ بغَيرِ وقتِها؟ \". قُلتُ: فما تأمُرُنِى إن أدرَكَنِى ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"صَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِميقاتِها، واجعَلْ صَلاتَكَ مَعَهُم سُبحَةً\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1143>بابُ إذا اجتَمَعَ القَومُ فيهِمُ الوالِى</span>\n\n٥٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه النَّحوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمْعَجٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"رجل أحسن الصوت\"، وفي م: \"برجل أجش الصوت\". والمراد أن في صوته جُشَّة: وهى شدة الصوت، وفيها غنة. معالم السنن ١/ ١٣٥.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٣٢)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٦٤، ٤٦٥ بدون المرفوع. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٧).","vol":"6","page":92},{"text":"أقرَؤُهُم لِكتابِ اللَّهِ، فإِن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سَواءً فأعلَمُهُم بالسُّنَّةِ، فإِن كانوا في السُّنَّةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإِن كانوا في الهِجرَةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم سِنًّا، ولا يَؤُمَّنَّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ في سُلطانِه، ولا يَقعُدْ في بَيتِه على تَكرِمَتِه إلا بإِذنِه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِه عن أبي عمرٍو. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1144>بابُ إمامَةِ القَومِ لا سُلطانَ فيهِم وهُم في بَيتِ أحَدِهِم</span>\n\n٥٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الزُّبَيدِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أوسَ بنَ ضَمْعَجٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ البَدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَؤُمُّ القَومَ أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ وأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سَواءً فأقدَمُهُم هِجرَةً، فإن كانوا في الهِجرَةِ سَواءً فأكبَرُهُم سِنًّا، ولا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ في بَيتِه ولا في سُلطانِه، ولا يُجلَسُ على تَكرِمَتِه إلا بإِذنِه\" أو قال: \"إلا أن يأذَنَ لَكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٣٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ رَجاءٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَتنِه سَواءً، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ، وأقدَمُهُم\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٦٧)، وتقدم تخريجه في (٥١٩٨، ٥٣٥٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٧٣/ ٢٩٠).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٦٣، ١٧٠٩٢)، وأبو داود (٥٨٣)، والنسائي (٧٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٩٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٠٧)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٤) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"6","page":93},{"text":"قِراءَةً، فإن كانوا في القِراءَةِ سَواءً فليَؤُمَّهُم أكبَرُهُم سِنًّا\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ. قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لإسماعيلَ: ما تَكرِمَتُه؟ قال: فِراشُه (^١).\n\n٥٣٨٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمْعَجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أَبا مَسعودٍ يقولُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ ابنِ فُورَكَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ولا يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ في سُلطانِه ولا في أهلِه، ولا يُقعَدُ على تَكرِمَتِه في بَيتِه إلا بإِذنِه\"، أو: \"إلا أن يأذَنَ لَهُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أقرَؤُهُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ، وأقدَمُهُم قِراءَةً\" (^٣).\n\n٥٣٨٧ - وحَدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمْعَجٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو البَدرِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَؤُمُّكُم أقرَؤُكُم لِكِتابِ اللَّهِ وأقدَمُكُم قِراءَةً لِلقُرآنِ، فإِن كانَت قِراءَتُكُم سَواءً فأقدَمُكُم هِجرَةً، فإِن كانَت هِجرَتُكُم سَواءً فأقدَمُكُم سِنًّا، ولا يَؤُمَّ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا في سُلطانِه ولا في أهلِه، ولا يَجلِسْ على تَكرِمَتِه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٨٢). وتقدم في (٥١٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢٢٢ (٦١٣) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٧٣/ ٢٩١).","vol":"6","page":94},{"text":"إلا بإذنِه\" (^١).\n\n٥٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ خُرَّزاذَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومَعبَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىِّ وكانَ أميرًا على الكوفَةِ قال: أتَينا قَيسَ بنَ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ في بَيتِه فأُذِّنَ بالصَّلاةِ، فقُلنا لِقَيسٍ: قُمْ فصَلِّ لَنا. قال: إنِّي لَم أكُنْ لأُصَلِّىَ بقَومٍ لَم أكُنْ عَلَيهِم أميرًا. فقالَ رَجُلٌ لَيسَ بدونِه يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَنظَلَةَ الغَسيلِ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الرَّجُلُ أحَقُّ بصَدرِ دابَّتِه وبِصَدرِ فِراشِه، وأحَقُّ أن يَؤُمَّ في رَحلِه\". قال قَيسٌ عِندَ ذَلِكَ لِمَولًى له: قُمْ فصَلِّ لَهُم (^٢).\n\n٥٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى أبى (^٣) أُسَيدٍ قال: زارَنِى حُذَيفَةُ وأبو ذَرٍّ وابنُ مَسعودٍ، فحَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فأَرادَ أبو ذَرٍّ أن يَتَقَدَّمَ، فقالَ له حُذَيفَةُ: رَبُّ البَيتِ أحَقُّ. فقالَ له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٩٥٧)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٢٣ (٦١٤) من طريق المسعودى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٧٠٨) عن سعيد بن سليمان به. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٨: إسحاق تركه أحمد وغيره. وينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (١٥٩٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بنى\".","vol":"6","page":95},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ: نَعَم يا أبا ذَرٍّ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1145>بابٌ: الإمام الرّاتِبُ أولَى مِنَ الزَّائرِ</span>\n\n٥٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن بُدَيلٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَطيَّةَ مَولًى مِنّا قال: كان مالكُ بنُ الحوَيرِثِ يأتينا إلَى مُصَلَّانا هَذا، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقُلنا له: تَقَدَّم فصَلِّهْ (^٢). فقالَ لَنا: قَدِّموا رَجُلًا مِنكُم يُصَلِّى بكُم، وسأحَدِّثُكُم لِمَ لا أُصَلِّى بكُم، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن زارَ قَومًا فلا يَؤُمَّهُم، وليَؤُمَّهُم رَجُلٌ مِنهُم\" (^٣).\n\n٥٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ في مَسجِدٍ بطائفَةِ المَدينَةِ ولابنِ عُمَرَ قَريبٌ مِن ذَلِكَ المَسجِدِ أرضٌ يَعمَلُها، وإِمامُ ذَلِكَ المَسجِدِ مَولًى له، ومَسكَنُ ذَلِكَ المَولَى وأَصحابِه ثَمَّ، فلَمّا سَمِعَهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ جاءَ ليَشهَدَ مَعَهُمُ الصَّلاةَ. فقالَ له المَولَى صاحِبُ المَسجِدِ: تَقَدَّمْ فصَلِّ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: أنتَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٥٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) في م: \"فصل\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٠٢)، والترمذي (٣٥٦)، والنسائي (٧٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٠) من طريق أبان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٥٩: هذا خبر منكر وأبو عطية مجهول. قال الشيخ شاكر: تصحيح ابن خزيمة والترمذي لحديثه يجعله من المستورين المقبولى الرواية.","vol":"6","page":96},{"text":"أحَقُّ أن تُصَلِّىَ في مَسجِدِكَ مِنِّى. فصَلَّى المَولَى (^١).\n\n٥٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هُزَيلَ بنَ شُرَحْبيلَ قال: جاءَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ إلَى مَسجِدِنا، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقُلنا له: تَقَدَّمْ. قال: يَتَقَدَّمُ إمامُكُم. قال: فقُلنا: إنَّ إمامَنا لَيسَ ههُنا. قال: يَتَقَدَّمُ رَجُلٌ مِنكُم. فقامَ على دُكّانٍ (^٢) في المَسجِدِ، قال: فنَهاه عبدُ اللَّهِ عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n[ورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في مَعناه] (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1146>بابُ الإمامِ المُسافِرِ يَؤُمُّ المُقيمينَ</span>\n\n٥٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بمِنًى رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ أبى بكرٍ رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ عُمَرَ رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ عثمانَ صَدرًا مِن خِلافَتِه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى أربَعًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٤٩) عن أبي زكريا وأبى بكر وأبى سعيد به. والشافعي ١/ ١٥٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٨٥٠) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) تقدم معناها في (٥٢٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٥٦٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب عليه في أصل المصنف\". وأثر ابن عمر هو المتقدم (٥٣٩١).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٤٢٦٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد أيضًا (٦٢٥٥) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"6","page":97},{"text":"إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٥٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان إذا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ صَلَّى لَهُم رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ، أتِمّوا صَلاتَكُم؛ فإِنّا قَومٌ سَفْرٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٣٩٥ - وبِإسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1147>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الإمامَةِ</span>\n\n٥٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُصَلّونَ لَكُم، فإِن أصابوا فلَكُم ولَهُم، وإِن أخطَئُوا فلَكُم وعَلَيهِم\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٩٤/ ١٦).\n(^٢) سفر: جمع سافر، ومعناه مسافرون. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٧١.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١١٤، ومالك ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١١٤، ومالك ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٤) أحمد (٨٦٦٣)، وتقدم تخريجه في (٤١١٩).","vol":"6","page":98},{"text":"حَسَنِ بنِ موسَى (^١).\n\n٥٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الهَمْدانِىُّ سكَنَ الإسكَندَريَّةَ قال: خَرَجتُ في سَفَرٍ ومعنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ فقُلنا له: أُمَّنا. قال: لَستُ بفاعِلٍ؛ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أمَّ النّاسَ فأصابَ الوَقتَ وأتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ فلَه ولَهُم، ومَن نَقَصَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا فعَلَيه ولا عَلَيهِم\" (^٢).\n\n٥٣٩٨ - وأخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو الأعمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ - قال: ولا أُراه سَمِعتُه (^٣) مِنه - عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الإمامُ ضامِنٌ، والمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤتَمَنٌ، فأرشَدَ اللَّهُ الأئمَّةَ وغَفَرَ لِلمُؤَذِّنينَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٩٤).\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥٠١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١٣)، وابن حبان (٢٢٢١) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وأحمد (١٧٣٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٩٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٥١٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٤١): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في م: \"سمعه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٢٨) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم من طريق في (٢٠٤٤ - ٢٠٤٨).","vol":"6","page":99},{"text":"٥٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فتَدافَعوا، فتَقَدَّمَ حُذَيفَةُ فصَلَّى بهِم، ثُمَّ قال: لَتَبْتَلُنَّ (^١) لَها إمامًا غَيرِى أو لَتُصَلُّنَّ وُحدانًا. قال المُغيرَةُ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ مُجاهِدًا وإِبراهيمُ شاهِدٌ، فقالَ مُجاهِدٌ: فُرادَى. فقالَ: فُرادَى ووُحدانًا سَواءٌ (^٢). ورُوّينا عن أبي طَلحَةَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1148>بابُ السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ لِلإِمامِ ما لَم يأمُرْ بمَعصيَةٍ؛ مِن تأخيرِ الصَّلاةِ عن وقتِها وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٥٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"السَّمعُ والطّاعَةُ على المَرءِ المُسلِمِ فيما أحَبَّ وكَرِهَ إلا أن يُؤمَرَ بمَعصيَةٍ، فإِذا أُمِرَ بمَعصيَةٍ فلا سَمعَ ولا طاعَةَ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٤٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ الرّازِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) لتبتلن: أي لَتَخْتارُنَّ. الغريبين ١/ ٢١٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٩) عن ابن عيينة عن منصور عن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٧٨) عن ابن نمير عن عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٤) قال عبد الغافر: كان من المجتهدين في العبادة، المبالغين في الورع، انتخب عليه أبو عبد الله الحاكم عشرة أجزاء، وذكره في تاريخه لجلالته، وكان ثقة ثبتًا في الحديث. توفى سنة (٤١٨ هـ). =","vol":"6","page":100},{"text":"حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ (^١) مُسَرهَدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللِه. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه: \"ما لَم يُؤمَرْ بمَعصيَةٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه سَيَلِى أمرَكُم قَومٌ يُطفِئونَ السُّنَّةَ، ويُحدِثونَ بدعَةً، ويُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن مَواقيتِها\". قال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: فكَيفَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إن أدرَكتُهم؟ قال: \"يا ابنَ أُمِّ عبدٍ، لا طاعَةَ لِمَن عَصَى اللَّهَ\". قالَها ثَلاثًا (^٤).\n\n٥٤٠٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً،\n_________\n= المنتخب من السياق (٢٦٩)، والسير ١٧/ ٣٥٣.\n(^١) في م: \"وابن\" خطأ.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٥٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٢٦) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٤٦٦٨) عن يحيى به. ومسلم (١٨٣٩)، والترمذي (١٧٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٦٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٥٥، ٧١٤٤)، ومسلم (١٨٣٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٣٩٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٩٠) عن محمد بن الصباح به.","vol":"6","page":101},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ] (^١) زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ بنِ إياسٍ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَعَلَّكُم سَتُدرِكونَ أقوامًا يُصَلُّونَ الصَّلاةَ لِغَيرِ وقتِها، فإِن أدرَكتُموهُم فصَلُّوا في بُيوتِكُم لِلوَقتِ الَّذِى تَعرِفونَ، ثُمَّ صَلّوا مَعَهُم، واجعَلوها سُبحَةً\" (^٢).\n\n٥٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ وبُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ رَفَعَه، قال: ضَرَبَ فخِذِى وقالَ: \"كَيفَ أنتَ إذا بَقِيتَ في قَومٍ يُؤَخِّرونَ الصَّلاةَ عن وقتِها؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"صَلِّ الصَّلاةَ لِوَقتِها ثُمَّ اخرُجْ، وإن كُنتَ في المَسجِدِ فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلِّ مَعَهُم\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن بُدَيلٍ مُسنَدًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1149>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن أمَّ قَومًا وهُم له كارِهونَ</span>\n\n٥٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٩٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠١)، والنسائي (٧٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٠) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٣٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٨٢) من طريق شعبة عن أيوب به. وأحمد (٢١٤٧٩)، والنسائي (٨٥٨) من طريق شعبة عن بديل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤١).","vol":"6","page":102},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ عبدٍ المَعافِرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يَقبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنهُم (^١) صَلاةً؛ مَن يَؤُمُّ قَومًا وهُم له كارِهونَ، ورَجُلٌ أتَى الصَّلاةَ دِبارًا\" - قال: والدِّبارُ أن يأتِىَ (^٢) بعدَ فوتِ الوَقتِ - \"ورَجُلٌ اعتَبَدَ مُحَرَّرَهُ (^٣) \" (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ الإمامَةِ في هذا البابِ: يُقالُ: لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ مَن أمَّ قَومًا وهُم له كارِهونَ، ولا صَلاةُ امرأَةٍ وزَوجُها عاتِبٌ عَلَيها، ولا عبدٍ آبِقٍ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ. ولَم أحفَظْه مِن وجهٍ يُثبِتُ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ مِثلَه (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الحَديثُ بهَذا المَعنَى إنَّما يُروَى بإسنادَينِ ضَعيفَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما مُرسَلٌ والآخَرُ مَوصولٌ:\n\n٥٤٠٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"لهم\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بها\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"محررة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٦٥). والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥٢٥، ٥٢٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٩٧٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زياد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١١٩).\n(^٥) الأم ١/ ١٦٠.","vol":"6","page":103},{"text":"إسماعيلُ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا تُجاوِزُ صَلاتُهُم رُءوسَهُم؛ رَجُلٌ أمَّ قَومًا وهُم له كارِهونَ، وامرأةٌ باتَت وزَوجُها ساخِطٌ عَلَيها، ومَملوكٌ فرَّ مِن مَولاه\" (^١).\n\n٥٤٠٧ - وبِإسنادِهِما: حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِهِ (^٢). وحَديثُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادٍ أمثَلُ مِن هذا، وإن كان غَيرَ قَوِيٍّ أيضًا.\nوالمَحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ قَتادَةَ ما:\n\n٥٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ - قال: لا أعلَمُه (^٣) إلَّا رَفَعَه - قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا تُجاوِزُ صَلاتُهُم آذانَهُم؛ عبدٌ آبِقٌ مِن سَيِّدِه حَتَّى يأتِىَ فيَضَعَ يَدَه في يَدِه، وامرأةٌ باتَ زَوجُها غَضبانَ عَليها، ورَجُلٌ أمَّ قَومًا وهُم له كارِهونَ\" (^٤).\nوروِىَ أيضًا عن أبي غالِبٍ عن أبي أُمامَةَ (^٥)، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ. ورُوِىَ في الإمامَةِ والمَرأَةِ عن عَطاءِ بنِ دينارٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٦)، وعن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٤٠٨ عن إسماعيل بن عياش به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٨٩٣) من طريق قتادة به بمعناه.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٤٠٨ عن عطاء به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ح، ر: ولا أعلم\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٤٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٦٠) من طريق أبى غالب به، وقال: حسن غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥١٨) من حديث عطاء.","vol":"6","page":104},{"text":"حَبيبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ الوَليدِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ يَرفَعُه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1150>بابُ ارتِفاعِ الكَراهيَةِ إذا كان أكثَرُهُم به راضينَ</span>\n\n٥٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ هارونَ النَّحْوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ بنِ صُبَيحٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعثًا وأَمَّرَ عَلَيهِم أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ، فطَعَنَ بَعضُ النّاسِ في إمارَتِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن تَطعُنوا في إمارَتِه فقَد كُنتُم تَطعُنونَ في (^٢) إمارَةِ أبيه مِن قَبلُ، وايمُ اللَّهِ إن كان خَليقًا لِلإمارَةِ، وإنَّ أباه مِن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَىَّ، وإنَّ هذا لمن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلىَّ بَعدَه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [أوجهٍ أُخَرَ] (^٤) عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1151>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الوِلايَةِ جُملَةً</span>\n\n٥٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ السّيَّارِىُّ (^٦) بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٥١٩) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٣، م: \"على\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٠١)، والبخاري (٤٢٥٠)، والترمذي (٣٨١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١٨١)، وابن حبان (٧٠٤٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن دينار به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٧٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٦).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"النيسابورى\".","vol":"6","page":105},{"text":"سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ: \"إنَّكُم سَتَحرِصونَ على الإمارَةِ، وإنَّها سَتَكونُ يَومَ القيامَةِ حَسرَةً ونَدامَةً، فنِعمَتِ المُرضِعَةُ وبِئسَتِ الفاطِمَةُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٥٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن أميرِ عَشَرَةٍ (^٣) إلا يُؤتَى به يَومَ القيامَةِ مَغلولًا، حَتَّى يَفُكَّ عنه العَدلُ أو يُنفِقَه (^٤) الجَورُ\". قال: فقالَ بَعضُهُم: \"يُوبِقَه الجَورُ\" (^٥).\n\n٥٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي سالِمٍ الجَيْشانِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي ذَرٍّ أنَّه قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، إنِّى أراكَ ضَعيفًا، وإِنِّى أُحِبُّ لَكَ ما أُحِبُّ لِنَفسِى، لا تأمَّرَنَّ على اثنَينِ، ولا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مالَ يتيمٍ\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغيرِه عن المُقرِئِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٩١)، والنسائي (٤٢٢٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٨٢) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٤٨).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عشيرة\".\n(^٤) نفق الرجل: مات. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٠٨، والتاج ٢٦/ ٤٣١ (ن ف ق).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٧٣) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٢: إسناده حسن.\n(^٦) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٦٣، وسقط من إسناده شيخه \"المقرئ\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٦٣)، والنسائي (٣٦٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٥٦٤) من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٨٢٦).","vol":"6","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1152>بابُ كراهيَةِ التَّدافُعِ عن الإمامَةِ</span>\n\n٥٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عَبّادٍ الأَزدِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ، أخبَرَتنى طَلحَةُ أُمُّ غُرابٍ، عن عَقيلَةَ امرأَةٍ مِن بَنِى فَزارَةَ مَولاةٍ لَهُم، عن سَلَامَةَ بنتِ الحُرِّ أُختِ خَرَشَةَ بنِ الحُرِّ الفَزارِيِّ قالت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ مِن أشراطِ السّاعَةِ أن يَتَدافَعَ أهلُ المَسجِدِ لا يَجِدونَ إمامًا يُصَلِّى بهِم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1153>بابُ ما على الإمامِ مِن تَعميمِ الدُّعاءِ</span>\n\n٥٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللِه الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ حُبابٍ العُكْلِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى السَّفْرُ بنُ نُسَيرٍ الأزدِىُّ، عن يزَيدَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أمَّ الرَّجُلُ القَومَ فلا يَختَصَّ بدُعاءٍ دونَهُم، فإِن فعَلَ فقَد خانَهُم، [ولا يُدخِلْ عَينَه في بَيتِ قَومٍ بغَيرِ إذنِهِم، فإِن فعَلَ فقَد خانَهُم] (^٢) \" (^٣). وهَذا حَديثٌ قَدِ اختُلِفَ فيه على يَزيدَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ مِن وُجوهٍ؛ هذا أحَدُها.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٣٨) من طريق مروان به. وأحمد (٢٧١٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٩٨٢) من طريق طلحة أم غراب به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٣: عقيلة مجهولة.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٦٢)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٤١) عن زيد بن حباب به بدون الشطر الثاني. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٣: السفر فيه لين.","vol":"6","page":107},{"text":"٥٤١٥ - والثّانِى: ما أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزَّبْرِقانِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أصبَغُ بنُ زيدٍ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبي حَيٍّ المُؤَذِّنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ - أو لاِمرِئٍ - أن يُصَلِّىَ وهو حاقِنٌ حَتَّى يَتَخَفَّفَ، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ أن يَؤُمَّ قَومًا إلا بإذنِهِم، ولا يَخُصَّ نَفسَه بدَعوَةٍ دونَهُم، فإن فعَلَ فقَد خانَهُم، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ مسلمٍ أن يَنظُرَ في قَعرِ بَيتٍ، فإن نَظَرَ فقَد دَمَرَ\". أو قال: \"فقَد دَخَلَ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن ثَورٍ، وقَولُه: \"دَمَرَ\". يَعنِى دَخَلَ بغَيرِ إذنِهِم.\n\n٥٤١٦ - والوَجهُ الثّالِثُ: ما أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ قال: قال لِى شُعبَةُ: كَيفَ حَدَّثَكَ حَبيبُ بنُ صالِحٍ؟ اردُدْ عَلىَّ، اشفِنِى. فقُلتُ: حَدَّثَنِى حَبيبُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبي حَيٍّ المُؤَذَّنِ، عن ثَوبانَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن حَبيبِ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ٢٣٦ من طريق المصنف به. وأبو داود (٩١) من طريق ثور به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٨/ ٢٨٠. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٦): صحيح إلا جملة الدعوة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ٢٣٦ من طريق المصنف به. وأحمد (٢٢٤١٦)، وابن ماجه (٦١٩، ٩٢٣) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤١٥)، وأبو داود (٩٠)، والترمذي (٣٥٧) من طريق إسماعيل به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"6","page":108},{"text":"أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا العَيْشِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أتَى علَى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وقَد خَرَج لِصَلاةِ الفَجرِ، وعَلِيٌّ يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِى، اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْنِى، اللَّهُمَّ تُبْ عليَّ. فضَرَبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - (^١) مَنكِبَه وقالَ: \"اعمُمْ؛ ففَضلُ ما بَينَ العُمومِ والخُصوصِ كما بَين السَّماءِ والأرضِ\". أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1154>بابُ الإمامِ يَعتَمِدُ على الشَّئِ قَبلَ افتِتاحِ الصَّلاةِ وبَعدَهُ</span>\n\n٥٤١٨ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ أبو الأسوَدِ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ ثابِتِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ خَبّابٍ قال: جاءَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ فقَعَدَ مَكانَكَ، فقالَ: تَدرونَ ما هذا العودُ؟ قُلنا: لا. قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ أخَذَه بيَمينِه فقالَ: \"اعتَدِلوا، سَوُّوا صُفوفَكُم\". ثُمَّ أخَذَه بيَسارِه فقالَ: \"اعتَدِلوا، سَوُّوا صُفوفَكُم\". فلَمّا هُدِمَ المَسجِدُ فُقِدَ، فالتَمَسَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فوَجَدَه قَد أخَذَه بَنو عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ فجَعَلوه في مَسجِدِهِم، فأَخَذَ فأَعادَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"على\" ..\n(^٢) مراسيل أبي داود (٨٠). وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٤: بل هو معضل.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٦٨) من طريق على بن المديني به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٤: تابعه حاتم بن إسماعيل عن مصعب، وقد ضعف ابن معين وأحمد مصعبا. وتقدم في (٢٣٢٨).","vol":"6","page":109},{"text":"ورُوِّينا في أبوابِ العَمَلِ في الصَّلاةِ عن أُمِّ قَيسٍ بنتِ مِحصَنٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما أسَنَّ وحَمَلَ اللَّحمَ اتَّخَذَ عَمودًا في مُصَلَّاه يَعتَمِدُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٦١٥).","vol":"6","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1155>جِماعُ أبوابِ إثباتِ إمامَةِ المَرأَةِ وغَيرِها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1156>بابُ إثباتِ إمامَةِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n٥٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ جُمَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَتنِى جَدَّتِي، عن أُمِّ ورَقَةَ بنتِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَزورُها ويُسَمّيها الشَّهيدَةَ، وكانَت قَد جَمَعَتِ القُرآنَ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ غَزا بَدرًا قالَت: تأذَنُ لِى فأَخرُجُ مَعَكَ أُداوِى جَرحاكُم، وأُمَرِّضُ مَرضاكُم؛ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يُهدِى لِى شَهادَةً؟ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى مُهْدٍ لَكِ شَهادَةً\". فكانَ يُسَمّيها الشَّهيدَةَ، وكانَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قَد أمَرَها أن تَؤُمَّ أهلَ دارِها، وإِنَّها غَمَّتها جاريَةٌ لَها وغُلامٌ كانَت قَد دَبَّرَتهُما (^١) فقَتَلاها في إمارَةِ عُمَرَ، فقيلَ: إنَّ أُمَّ ورَقَةَ قَتَلَتها جاريَتُها وغُلامُها، وإِنَّهُما هَرَبا. فأُتِيَ بهِما فصلَبَهُما، فكانا أوَّلَ مَصلوبَينِ بالمَدينَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: صَدَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، كان يقولُ: \"انطَلِقوا نَزورُ الشَّهيدَةَ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يقال: دبَّرت العبد: إذا علقت عتقه بموتك، وهو التدبير: أي أنه يعتق بعد ما يدبره سيده ويموت. النهاية ٢/ ٩٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٣٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٨٢) عن أبي نعيم به.","vol":"6","page":111},{"text":"داودَ الخُرَيْبِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ جُمَيعٍ، عن لَيلَى بنتِ مالكٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ خَلَّادٍ الأنصارِيَّ، عن أُمِّ ورَقَةَ الأنصاريَّةِ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"انطَلِقوا بنا إلَى الشَّهيدَةِ فنَزورَها\". وأَمَرَ أن يُؤَذَّنَ لَها ويُقامَ وتَؤُمَّ أهلَ دارِها في الفَرائضِ (^١). ورَواه وكيعٌ عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جُمَيعٍ عن جَدَّتِه، وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ خَلَّادٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أُمِّ ورَقَةَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1157>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَؤُمُّ نِساءً فتَقومُ وسْطَهُنَّ</span>\n\n٥٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَيسَرَةَ أبي حازِمٍ، عن رائطَةَ الحَنَفيَّةِ، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أمَّت نِسوَةً في المَكتوبَةِ، فأَمَّتهُنَّ بَينَهُنَّ وسْطًا (^٣).\n\n٥٤٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها كانَت تُؤَذِّنُ وتُقيمُ، وتَؤُمُّ النِّساءَ وتَقومُ وَسْطَهُنَّ (^٤).\n\n٥٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٩١) من طريق وكيع به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٠٨٦)، والدارقطني ١/ ٤٠٤ من طريق سفيان به. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٢/ ٣١: قال النووي في الخلاصة: سنده صحيح.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٤٣).","vol":"6","page":112},{"text":"ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ، عن امرأَةٍ مِن قَومِه يُقالُ لَها: حُجَيرَةُ. عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها أمَّتهُنَّ، فقامَت وَسْطًا (^١).\n\n٥٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي يَحيَى يَعنِى إبراهيمَ، عن داودَ يَعنِى ابنَ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: تَؤُمُّ المَرأَةُ النِّساءَ تَقومُ وَسْطَهُنَّ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيه حَديثًا مُسنَدًا في بابِ الأذانِ، وفيه ضَعفٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1158>بابٌ: خَيرُ مَساجِدِ النِّساءِ قَعرُ بُيوتِهِنَّ</span>\n\n٥٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَبيبُ بنُ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَمنَعوا نِساءَكُمُ المَسجِدَ، وبُيوتُهُنَّ خَيرٌ لَهُنَّ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٤٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ دَرَّاجًا أبا السَّمحِ حَدَّثَه، عن السّائبِ مَولَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ١٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٤٩٨٦) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٠٨٣) عن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٩٤٣، ٥٤٢٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٤٦٨)، وأبو داود (٥٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٨٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٣٠).","vol":"6","page":113},{"text":"[عَن أُمِّ سلَمةَ] (^١) زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَيرُ مَساجِدِ النِّساءِ قَعْرُ بُيوتِهِنَّ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَهدِيِّ بنِ رُستُمٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ الكِلابِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن موَرِّقٍ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ المَرأةِ في بَيتها أفضَلُ مِن صَلاتِها في حُجرَتِها، وصَلاتُها في مَخدَعِها (^٣) أفضَلُ مِن صَلاتِها في بَيتِها\" (^٤).\n\n٥٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الإسفرايينِيُّ الإمامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ الرّازِيُّ، أخبرَنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مسلمٍ الهَجَرِيِّ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما صَلَّتِ امرأةٌ صَلاةً أحَبَّ إلَى اللَّهِ مِن صَلاتِها في أشَدِّ بَيتِها ظُلمَةً\" (^٥).\n\n٥٤٢٩ - ورَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ عن إبراهيمَ الهَجَرِيِّ فوَقَفَه على عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م، ص ٣.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٩. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٨٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٦٥٤٢) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٥: إسناده صويلح.\n(^٣) الحجرة: الموضع المنفرد. والمخدع: البيت الصغير يكون داخل البيت الكبير. النهاية ١/ ٣٤٢، ٢/ ٣٥٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٨٨، ١٦٩٠) من طريق عمرو به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٣٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٩١) من طريق إبراهيم بن مسلم الهجرى به.","vol":"6","page":114},{"text":"أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسيحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ. فذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا إلَّا أنَّه قال: في أشَدِّ مَكانٍ في بَيتِها ظُلمَةً (^١).\n\n٥٤٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو المُنذِرِ إسماعيلُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا (^٢) المَسعودِيُّ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه ما صَلَّتِ امرأةٌ صَلاةً خَيرًا لَها مِن صَلاةٍ تُصَلّيها في بَيتِها، إلَّا أن يَكونَ مَسجِدَ الحَرامِ، أو مَسجِدَ الرَّسولِ - ﷺ - إلَّا عَجوزًا في مَنقَلَيها (^٣). تابَعَه جَعفَرُ ينُ عَونٍ وغَيرُه عن المَسعودِىِّ.\n\n٥٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن شَريكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنٍ بنِ أبي لَبِيبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: فال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لأن تُصَلِّىَ المَرأةُ في بَيتِها خَيرٌ لها مِن أن تُصَلِّىَ في حُجرَتِها،\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٦: لم يخرجوه.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) في س: \"منقلبها\"، وفي ص ٣، م: \"منقلها\". والمنقل: الخف الخلق، يعني أنها ممن تخرج إلى الأسواق والحوائج، فهى أبدًا لابسة خفيها. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٧٠.\nوالأثر أخرجه الطبراني (٩٤٧١) من طريق المسعودي به. وابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٨٨) من طريق سلمة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٣٥: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"6","page":115},{"text":"ولَأن تُصَلِّىَ في حُجرَتِها خَيرٌ لها مِن أن تُصَلِّىَ في الدّارِ (^١)، ولأن تُصَلِّىَ في الدّارِ خَيرٌ لها مِن أن تُصَلِّىَ في المَسجِدِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1159>بابُ الاختيارِ لِلزَّوجِ إذا استأذَنَتِ امرأَتُه إلَى المَسجِدِ ألا يَمنَعَها</span>\n\n٥٤٣٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الحَسَنِيُّ إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قِراءَةً قالا: أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استأذَنَت أحَدَكُمُ امرأتُه إلَى المَسجِدِ فلا يَمنَعْها\". زادَ العَلَوِيُّ (^٣) في رِوايَتِه: قال سفيانُ: إذا كان ذَلِكَ لَيلًا (^٤).\n\n٥٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) الدار: هي المنازل المسكونة. وكل قبيلة اجتمعت في محلة سميت تلك المحلة دارًا. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٢)، والمعرفة (١٥٦٧). وأخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٧٧٠) عن محمد بن إسماعيل به. والبخاري في تاريخه ٨/ ٢٦٥ عن ابن أبي أويس به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٦: ابن أبي لبيبة ضعيف.\n(^٣) يعني أبا الحسن الحسنى.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٥٦)، والنسائي (٧٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٧٧) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٤٥٢٢)، والبخاري (٨٧٣)، ومسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٥)، وابن ماجه (١٦) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٤٣٨) من طريق على بن المديني به.","vol":"6","page":116},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: يَبلُغُ بهِ (^١).\n\n٥٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ بنَيسابورَ سنةَ ثَلاثٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا حَنظَلَةُ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا استأذَنَكُم نِساؤُكُم إلَى المَسجِدِ - أو: إلَى المَساجِدِ - فأْذَنوا لَهُنَّ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى، وقالَ: \"إلَى المَسجِدِ\". لَم يَشُكَّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَمنَعوا النِّساءَ المَساجِدَ باللَّيلِ\". فقالَ ابنُه: واللَّهِ لَنَمنَعُهُنَّ؛ يَتَّخِذنَه دَغَلًا (^٤). فرَفَع يَدَه فلَطَمَه، وقالَ: أُحَدِّثُكَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وتَقولُ هَذا؟! (^٥) قال البخاريُّ: قالَ شُعبَةُ: عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٢٣٨)، ومسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢١١) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٦٥)، ومسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٧).\n(^٤) الدغل: هو الفساد والخداع. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٢٠٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٢١)، وأبو داود (٥٦٨)، والترمذي (٥٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"6","page":117},{"text":"الأعمَشِ. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n٥٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كانَتِ امرأةٌ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ - تَشهَدُ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ والعِشاءِ في الجَماعَةِ في المَسجِدِ، فقيلَ لَها: لِمَ تَخرُجينَ وقَد تَعلَمينَ أنَّ عُمَرَ يَكرَهُ ذَلِكَ ويَغارُ؟ قالَت: فما يَمنَعُه أن يَنهانِي؟ قال: يَمنَعُه قَولُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَمنَعوا إماءَ اللَّهِ مَساجِدَ اللَّهِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وأَخرَجَ مسلمٌ الحديثَ دونَ قِصَّةِ عُمَرَ مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرْوانَ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المُؤمِنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الكِنانِيُّ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ المُنذِرِ بنِ أبي حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ حُمَيدٍ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا نُحِبُّ الصَّلاةَ يَعنِى مَعَكَ فيَمنَعُنا أزواجُنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاتُكُنَّ في بُيوتِكُنَّ خَيرٌ مِن صَلاتِكُنَّ في\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٨٦٥) بلفظ: تابعه شعبة، ومسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٥٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وأحمد (٤٩٣٢)، وأبو داود (٥٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٧٨) من طريق نافع به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٧: ما أظن بعمر - ﵁ - أنه يكره شيئا مشروعًا أبدًا، إلا أن تكون كراهية طبعية كإسباغ الوضوء على المكاره.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٠٠)، ومسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٦).","vol":"6","page":118},{"text":"دُورِكُنَّ، وصَلاتُكُنَّ في دُورِكُنَّ أفضَلُ مِن صَلاتِكُنَّ في مَسجِدِ الجَماعَةِ\". قال أبو زَكريّا (^١): سأَلتُ أبا بكرٍ عن عبدِ المُؤمِنِ هذا: أينَ سَمِعَ مِنه؟ قال: بوَدّانَ (^٢). وبِها يَومَئذٍ عبدُ المُؤمِنِ.\nقال الشيخُ: رَواه أيضًا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٣)، وفيه دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ الأمرَ بأَن لا يُمنَعنَ أمرُ نَدبٍ واستِحبابٍ لا أمرُ فرضٍ وإيجابٍ، وهو قَولُ العامَّةِ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ.\n\n٥٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَو رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما أحدَثَ النِّساءُ بَعدَه لَمَنَعَهُنَّ المَسجِدَ كما مُنِعَته نِساءُ بَنِى إسرائيلَ. قُلنا: يا هذه - يَعنِى لِعَمرَةَ - أوَ مُنِعَته نِساءُ بَنِى إسرائيلَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٣، م: \"زكرى\". وهو أبو زكريا يحيى بن عثمان بن صالح. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٢) ودّان: قرية جامعة بين مكة والمدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٩١٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٩٣)، والطبراني ٢٥/ ١٤٨ (٣٥٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٣٤: وفيه ابن لهيعة وفيه كلام.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٩٨) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وأحمد (٢٥٦١٠) من طريق يحيى الأنصاري به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٤٥)، والبخاري (٨٦٩).","vol":"6","page":119},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1160>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَشهَدُ المَسجِدَ لِلصَّلاةِ لا تَمَسُّ طِيبًا</span>\n\n٥٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوْحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجْلانَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ زَينَبَ الثَّقَفيَّةَ كانَت تُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا شَهِدَت (^١) إحداكُنَّ العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ فلا تَمَسَّ طِيبًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا القاضِى أبو العَلاءِ وأبو جَعفَرٍ العَزائمِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي فروَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"شهد\".\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٧٤٤)، وفيه: \"يعقوب\" بدل \"بكير\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٤٦)، والنسائي (٥٢٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٨٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والنسائي (٥١٤٥) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٤٣/ ١٤٢).","vol":"6","page":120},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ خُصَيفَةَ، عن بُسرِ (^١) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ أصابَت بَخُورًا فلا تَشهَدْ معنا العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٥٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه لَقِىَ امرأَةً تَعصِفُ ريحُها، فقالَ: يا أمَةَ الجَبّارِ تُريدينَ المَسجِدَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قال: ولَه تَطَيَّبتِ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قال: فارجِعِى؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِنِ امرأةٍ خرُجُ إلَى المَسجِدِ فتَعصِفُ ريحُها فيَقبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنها صَلاةً حَتَّى تَرجِعَ فتَغتَسِلَ\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ عن أبيه عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٥).\n\n٥٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ مِن (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"بشر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٣٥)، وأبو داود (٤١٧٥)، والنسائي (٥١٤٣، ٥٢٧٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٤٤/ ١٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٨٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٦٨: إسناده صالح.\n(^٥) سيأتى مسندًا في (٦٠٤٠).\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ والمهذب، ولعله \"ابن\"، وأشياخ كوثى لقب عبيد بن أبي عبيد. ينظر نزهة الألباب ١/ ٧٨.","vol":"6","page":121},{"text":"أشياخِ كُوثَى مَولَى أبي رُهمٍ الغِفارِيِّ، عن جَدِّه قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ أبي هريرةَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ ضُحًى، فلَقِيَتنا امرأَةٌ بها مِنَ العِطرِ شَئٌ لَم أجِدْ بأَنفِى مِثلَه قَطُّ، فقالَ لَها أبو هريرةَ: عَلَيكِ السَّلامُ. قالَت: وعَلَيكَ. قال: فأَينَ تُريدينَ؟ قالَت: المَسجِدَ. قال: ولأيِّ شَئٍ تَطَيَّبتِ بهَذا الطّيبِ؟ قالَت: لِلمَسجِدِ. قال: آللهِ؟ قالَت: اللَّهِ. قال: آللهِ؟ قالَت: اللَّهِ. قال: فإِنَّ حِبِّى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - أخبرَنِى أنَّه لا تُقبَلُ لامرأَةٍ صَلاةٌ تَطَيَّبَت بطيبٍ لِغَيرِ زَوجِها حَتَّى تَغتَسِلَ مِنه غُسلَها مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، فاذهَبِى فاغتَسِلِى مِنه، ثُمَّ ارجِعِى فصَلِّى.\nجَدُّه أبو الحارِثِ عُبَيدُ بنُ أبي عُبَيدٍ، وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ ابنِ أبي الحارِثِ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ. ورَواه عاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن عُبَيدٍ مَولَى أبي رُهمٍ (^١).\n\n٥٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَمنَعوا إماءَ اللَّهِ مَساجِدَ اللَّهِ، ولْيَخرُجْنَ إذا خَرَجنَ تَفِلاتٍ (^٢) \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٥٦)، وأبو داود (٤١٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٠٢) من طريق عاصم به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٨٧، ٨٨. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٥١٨).\n(^٢) يقال: امرأة تفلة: إذا لم تطيب، ونساء تفلات. معالم السنن ١/ ١٦٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٤٥)، وأبو داود (٥٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٧٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢١٤) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٢٥): حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":122},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1161>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَلاةِ المُسافِرِ والجَمعِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1162>بابُ رُخصَةِ القَصرِ في كُلِّ سَفَرٍ لا يَكونُ مَعصيَةً وإِن كان المُسافِرُ آمِنًا</span>\n\n٥٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بابَيه، عن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^١): ﴿فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١]، وقَد أمِنَ النّاسُ؟ قال: عَجِبتُ مِمّا عَجِبتَ مِنه، فسأَلتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بها عَلَيكُم، فاقبَلوا صَدَقَتَه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ إدريسَ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي عاصِمٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ وفِي آخِرِه: فقالَ: \"صَدَقَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم فاقبَلوها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قوله تعالى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٥٩٤)، المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤)، والنسائي (١٤٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٤٥) من طريق ابن إدريس به.","vol":"6","page":123},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ (^١).\n\n٥٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بابَيه، عن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إقصارُ النّاسِ الصَّلاةَ اليَومَ وإِنَّما قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ فقَد ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ؟ فقالَ: عَجِبتُ مِمّا عَجِبتَ مِنه، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وعَزَّ بها عَلَيكُم، فاقبَلوا صَدَقَتَه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ حارِثَةَ بنَ وهبٍ رَجُلًا مِن خُزاعَةَ قال: صَلَّينا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمِنًى أكثَرَ ما كُنَّا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٨٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١٩٩)، وأحمد (٩٤٤). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٤٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧٤٠، ٢٧٤١) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٨٦).","vol":"6","page":124},{"text":"وآمَنَه رَكعَتَينِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ وهبٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللِه - ﷺ - بمِنًى والنّاسُ أكثَرُ ما كانوا، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٥٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: فرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلاةَ حينَ فرَضَها رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ أتَمَّها في الحَضَرِ، وأُقِرَّت صَلاةُ السَّفَرِ على الفَريضَةِ الأُولَى (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٣١)، والبخاري (١٦٥٦)، والنسائي (١٤٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٢)، وابن حبان (٢٧٥٧) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذي (٨٨٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٦٥) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٩٦/ ٢١).\n(^٥) ابن وهب (٢٠٢)، وينظر ما تقدم في (١٧١٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٦٨٥/ ٢)، والبخاري (١٠٩٠، ٣٩٣٥). وتقدم في (١٧١٧).","vol":"6","page":125},{"text":"٥٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: فرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الصَّلاةَ على لِسانِ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - في الحَضَرِ أربَعًا، وفِي السَّفَرِ رَكعَتَينِ، وفِي الخَوفِ رَكعَةً (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِى الرَّبيعِ وغَيرِهِما (^٢).\n\n٥٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^٣) المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُسافِرُ مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ آمِنًا لا يَخافُ إلا اللَّهَ فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٤).\n\n٥٤٥١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٤٧)، والنسائي (١٥٣١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤، ٩٤٣، ١٣٤٦)، وابن حبان (٢٨٦٨) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٧/ ٥).\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٢)، والترمذي (٥٤٧)، والنسائي (١٤٣٥) من طريق ابن سيرين به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":126},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرّاءُ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهْمانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُسافِرُ فيما بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ لا يَخافُ إلَّا اللَّهَ ثُمَّ يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ.\n\n٥٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: نُبِّئتُ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ ما بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ لا يَخافُ إلَّا اللَّهَ فيَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n٥٤٥٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ قال: سألَ شابٌّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ، فقالَ: إنَّ هذا الفَتَى يَسأَلُنِي عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ، فاحفَظوهُنَّ عَنِّي: ما سافَرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَفَرًا قَطُّ إلَّا صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ، وشَهِدتُ مَعَه حُنَينَ (^٢) والطّائفَ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ مَعَه واعتَمَرتُ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ أتِمّوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٣٤)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١٠/ ٢٨ من طريق يزيد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) قال الجوهري: موضع يذكر ويؤنث، فإن قصدت به البلد والموضع ذكرته وصرفته. . . وإن قصدت به البلدة والبقعة أنثته ولم تصرفه. الصحاح ٥/ ٢١٠ (ح ن ن).","vol":"6","page":127},{"text":"الصَّلاةَ؛ فإِنا قَومٌ سَفْرٌ\". ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ مَعَ أبي بكرٍ واعتَمَرتُ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^١)، ثُمَّ قال: يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ أتِمّوا الصلاة (^٢)؛ فإِنّا قَومٌ سَفْرٌ. ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ واعتَمَرتُ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ركعتين (^٣)، ثم قالَ (^٤): أتِمّوا الصَّلاةَ؛ فإِنّا قَومٌ سَفْرٌ. ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ مع عثمانَ واعتَمَرتُ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ركعَتَين، ثُمَّ إنَّ عثمانَ أتَمَّ. - ﵃ - (^٥).\n\n٥٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الأصبَغُ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ أَسيدٍ أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ، قُلتُ: أرأيتَ قَصْرَ الصَّلاةِ في السَّفَرِ إنّا لا نَجِدُها في الكِتابِ، إنَّما نَجِدُ ذِكرَ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ؟ قال أُمَيَّةُ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: يا ابنَ أخِي، إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أرسَلَ محمدًا - ﷺ - ولا نَعلَمُ شَيئًا، فإنَّما نَفعَلُ ما رأَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ. وقَصرُ الصَّلاةِ في السَّفَرِ سُنَّةٌ سَنَّها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"لا بخطه\".\n(^٢) سقط من: م، وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"لا بخطه ح، ر\".\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"ركعتين\".\n(^٤) بعدها في س، م: \"يا أهل مكة\".\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٨٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٦٥)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٩) من طريق حماد به. والترمذي (٥٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٣) من طريق على بن زيد به وسيأتي في (٥٥٥٢، ٥٥٦٧). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٤).\n(^٦) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٧٢. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٠٦٦) عن أمية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٣).","vol":"6","page":128},{"text":"ورَواه اللَّيثُ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^١) وأَفسَدَه (^٢) جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فلَم يُقيموا إسنادَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1163>بابُ السَّفَرِ الَّذِى تُقصَرُ في مِثلِه الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n٥٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ. قال: قُلنا: فأَقَمتُم بمَكَّةَ شَيئًا؟ قال: أقَمنا بها (^٣) عَشْرًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٥٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٩/ ٢٨٩ من طريق الليث به. وأخرجه أيضًا ٩/ ٢٨٩ من طرق عن ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) في م: \"أسنده\".\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٥٦، ٢٩٩٦) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (١٢٩٤٥)، والبخاري (٤٢٩٧)، وأبو داود (١٢٣٣)، والترمذي (٥٤٨)، والنسائي (١٤٣٧)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥٦، ٢٩٩٦)، وابن حبان (٢٧٥٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٠٨١)، ومسلم (٦٩٣).","vol":"6","page":129},{"text":"قَصَرَ الصَّلاةَ إلَى خَيبَرَ (^١).\n\n٥٤٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يَحْيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قَصَرَ الصَّلاةَ إلَى خَيبَرَ، وقالَ: هذه ثَلاثُ قَواصِدَ. يَعنِى لَيالَى (^٢).\n\n٥٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ أباه عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ رَكِبَ إلَى ذاتِ النُصْبِ فقَصَرَ الصَّلاةَ في مَسيرِه ذَلِكَ. قال مالكٌ: وبَينَ ذاتِ النُّصْبِ والمَدينَةِ أربَعَةُ بُرُدٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه رَكِبَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يحيى بن معين في فوائده (٢٥) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٤٣٠١)، وفيه: \"قصر الصلاة إلى ذات النصب\"، رمالك ١/ ١٤٧.\n(^٣) البريد: المسافة يقطعها الرسول من الطريق وهى فرسخان عند أهل المشرق وأربعة عند المغاربة، ولذلك اختلف في طوله؛ فهو في المشرق زُهاء أحد عشر كيلو مترا، وفي المغرب ضعف هذه المسافة. المعجم الكبير ٢/ ٢١٠ (ب ر د).\nوالأثر عند مالك ١/ ١٤٧.","vol":"6","page":130},{"text":"ريمٍ (^١)، فقَصَرَ الصَّلاةَ في مَسيرِه ذَلِكَ. قالَ مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ نَحوٌ مِن أربَعَةِ بُرُدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يَقصُرُ في مَسيرَةِ (^٣) اليَومِ التّامِّ (٢).\n\n٥٤٦١ - وبِإسنادِه حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ في مِثلِ ما بَينَ مَكَّةَ والطّائفِ، وفِي مِثلِ ما بَينَ مَكَّةَ وجُدَّةَ، وفِي مِثلِ ما بَين مَكَّةَ وعُسفانَ. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أربَعَةُ بُرُدٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا سافَرتَ يَومًا إلَى اللَّيلِ فاقصُرِ الصَّلاةَ (^٥).\n\n٥٤٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الرّازِيُّ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) ريم: واد قرب المدينة، وقيل: على ثلاثين ميلا من المدينة. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٨٨٩، ٨٩٠. والميل البرى يساوى ١٦٠٩ مترًا والبحرى يساوى ١٨٥٢ مترًا. الوسيط (م ى ل).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٤٧.\n(^٣) في ص ٣، م: \"مسيره\".\n(^٤) جدة: بينها وبين مكة ٧٥ كيلو مترًا، والطائف: على بعد ٨٠ - ٨٥ كيلو مترًا من مكة. وعسفان: على بعد ٨٠ كيلو مترا من مكة.\nوالأثر عند مالك ١/ ١٤٨، وفيه: \"أن عبد اللَّه بن عباس كان يقصر الصلاة\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٢٩٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٨١٦١، ٨٢١١) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"6","page":131},{"text":"أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكير النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كانا يُصَلّيانِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١)، ويُفطِرانِ في أربَعَةِ بُرُدٍ فما فوقَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، في التَّقصيرِ قالى: في لَيلَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1164>بابُ السَّفَرِ الَّذِى لا تُقصَرُ في مِثلِه الصَّلاةُ</span>\n\n٥٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ: أتَقصُرُ إلَى عَرَفَةَ؟ فقالَ: لا، ولَكِن إلَى عُسْفانَ، وإِلَى جُدَّةَ، وإِلَى الطّائفِ (^٤).\n\n٥٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا شُبَيلٌ الضُّبَعِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حبَرَةَ (^٥) قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ركعتين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٢٦١) من طريق الليث به. وينظر فتح الباري ٢/ ٥٦٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبري في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٧٧ - مسند عمر) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) الشافعي ١/ ١٨٣.\n(^٥) في س: \"حيرة\"، وفي ص ٣: \"حبوة\"، وفي م، والتاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٥٨: \"جمرة\". وينظر التاريخ =","vol":"6","page":132},{"text":"أقصُرُ إلَى الأُبُلَّةِ (^١)؟ قال: أتَجِئُ مِن يَومِكَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: لا تَقصُرْ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه كان يُسافِرُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ البَريدَ فلا يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ عثمانَ أنَّه قال: بَلَغَنِي أنَّ ناسًا مِنكُم يَخرُجونَ إلَى سَوادِهِم؛ إمّا في تِجارَةٍ، وإِمّا في جِبايَةٍ، وإِمّا في حَشرٍ (^٤)، فيَقصُرونَ الصَّلاةَ، فلا تَفعَلوا؛ فإِنَّما يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ مَن كان شاخِصًا (^٥) أو بحَضرَةِ عَدوٍّ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَن قرأَ كِتابَ عثمانَ أو قُرِئَ عَلَيه بذَلِكَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: الحَشرُ (^٦) هُمُ القَومُ يَخرُجونَ بدَوابِّهِم إلَى المَرعَى (^٧).\n_________\n= الكبير ٤/ ٢٦٥، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٨١.\n(^١) الأبلة: بلدة على شاطئ دجلة في زاوية الخليج الذي يدخل إلى مدينة البصرة. معجم البلدان ١/ ٩٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في تاريخه ٤/ ٢٥٨ عن آدم به. والطبري في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٧٦ - مسند عمر) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ١٨٣، ومالك ١/ ١٤٨.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"خشر\". وينظر ما سيأتي.\n(^٥) شاخصًا: أي مسافرًا. النهاية ٢/ ٤٥١. وفي حاشية ص ٣: \"يعني رسولا في حاجة\".\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ، وفي مصدر التخريج وكتب الغريب والمعاجم: \"الجشر\".\n(^٧) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤١٩، ٤٢٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٢٢٧) عن ابن علية به. والطبري في =","vol":"6","page":133},{"text":"وفيه مِنَ الفِقهِ أنَّه لَم يَرَ التَّقصيرَ إلَّا لِمَن كانَت غَيبَتُه تَبلُغُ أن تَكونَ سَفَرًا.\n\n٥٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ: لا يَغُرَّنَّكُم سَوادُكُم هذا، فإِنَّما هو مِن كُوفَتِكُم (^١).\n\n٥٤٧٠ - وقَد رَوَى إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبيه وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ، لا تَقصُروا الصَّلاةَ في أدنَى مِن أربَعَةِ بُرُدٍ مِن مَكَّةَ إلَى عُسْفانَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ (^٢). وَهَذا حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ؛ إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٣)، وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ (^٤)، والصحيحُ أنَّ ذَلِكَ مِن قَولِ\n_________\n= تهذيب الآثار (١٢٦٠، ١٢٦١ - مسند عمر) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٢٢٦) من طريق مسعر به مقرونًا بسفيان الثوري.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٧.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٤) عبد الوهاب بن مجاهد بن جبر المكي مولى عبد اللَّه بن السائب. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٩٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٦٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٥١٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٤٥٣. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢٨: متروك وكذبه الثوري.","vol":"6","page":134},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ كما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1165>بابُ حُجَّةِ مَن قال: لا تُقصَرُ الصَّلاةُ في أقَلَّ مِن ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ</span>\n\n٥٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُسافِرِ امرأةٌ (^٣) ثَلاثًا إلَّا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَمٍ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٥).\n\n٥٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَوارِسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الصَّوّافِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُسافِرِ امرأةٌ سَفَرًا ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ فصاعِدًا، إلا مَعَ أبيها أوِ ابنِها أو أخيها أو زَوجِها أو ذِى مَحرَمٍ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٤٦٣).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"المرأة\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧٢٧)، وأحمد (٤٦١٥، ٦٢٩٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٢١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والبخاري (١٠٨٦)، ومسلم (١٣٣٨/ ٤١٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٠٨٧)، ومسلم (١٣٣٨/ ٤١٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥١٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥١٩) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"6","page":135},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي نُعَيمٍ: \"إلا مَعَ زَوجِها أو أبيها أو أخيها أو مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ\". وقالَ: \"المَرأةُ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ وقالَ فيه: \"سَفَرًا يَكونُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^١).\nورَواه قَزَعَةُ بنُ يَحيَى عن أبي سعيدٍ، وقالَ في إحدَى الروايَتَينِ عنه: \"فوقَ ثَلاثٍ\". وقالَ في الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى عنه: \"يَومَينِ\". ورَواه أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ في إحدَى الرِّواياتِ عنه: \"يَومًا ولَيلَةً\". وقالَ في بَعضِها: \"يَومًا\". وقالَ في بَعضِها: \"لَيلَة\". وقالَ في بَعضِها: \"بَريدًا\".\nأمّا الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى عن قَزَعَةَ:\n\n٥٤٧٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُسافِرَ المَرأَةُ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ إلَّا مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ وهِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ (^٣).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ الأُخرَى عنه:\n\n٥٤٧٤ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٠٩) من طريق سعيد به. وفي (١١٤١٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم ٢/ ٩٧٦ (٨٢٧/ ٤١٨).","vol":"6","page":136},{"text":"تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَفّانُ وأبو الوَليدِ وحَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعَمرُو بنُ حَكّامٍ قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: عبدُ المَلِكِ أنبأَنِي قال: سَمِعتُ قَزَعَةَ مَولَى زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تُسافِرِ المرأةُ (^١) مَسيرَةَ يَومَينِ ولَيلَتَينِ، إلا ومَعَها زَوجُها أو ذو مَحرَمٍ مِنها\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ وأَبِي الوَليدِ وغَيرِهِما، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\nوأمّا الرِّواياتُ في ذَلِكَ عن أبي هريرة:\n\n٥٤٧٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ (^٤) تُسافِرُ مَسيرَةَ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ إلا مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٦)، وأَشارَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"امرأة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٩٤) عن عفان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٨٨، ١١٩٧)، ومسلم ٢/ ٩٧٦ (٨٢٧/ ٤١٦).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٨٤)، والشافعي في مسنده (٧٤٧ - شفاء العى)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧٢٥) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٣٣٩/ ٤٢١). وفيه: \"سعيد عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة\". وذكره المزى في تحفة الأشراف كما عند المصنف ثم قال: وفي بعض النسخ: \"عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة\". تحفة الأشراف ٩/ ٤٨٥. ونقل القاضي عياض في مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٤٨ عن أبي غسان الجياني أنه قال: كذا وقع هنا لرواة =","vol":"6","page":137},{"text":"إلَيه البُخارِيُّ (^١)\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه القَعنَبِيُّ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن مالكٍ (^٢)، ورَواه بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ عن مالكٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن سعيدٍ.\nأما حديثُ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ:\n\n٥٤٧٦ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ تُسافِرُ يَومًا إلا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَمٍ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ عن سعيدٍ (^٦).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ اللَّيثِ:\n\n٥٤٧٧ - فأَخبَرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n= مسلم، والصحيح عنه إسقاط \"أبيه\"، كذا ذكره الدمشقي عن مسلم.\n(^١) البخاري عقب (١٠٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٢٤) عن القعنبي والنفيلي عن مالك به. وينظر التمهيد ١١/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٢٤)، والترمذي (١١٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٣) من طريق بشر به.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٤٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤١٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧٢٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٠٨٨)، ومسلم (١٣٣٩/ ٤٢٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد ٢/ ٤٢٣ (ط الميمنية) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.","vol":"6","page":138},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ مُسلِمَةٍ تُسافِرُ مَسيرَةَ لَيلَةٍ إلا ومَعَها رَجُلٌ ذو حُرمَةٍ مِنها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\nوهَذِه الرِّواياتُ عن أبي هريرةَ كُلُّها مُتَّفِقَةٌ في مَتنِ الحديثِ؛ لأنَّ مَن قال: \"يَومًا\". أرادَ به بِلَيلَتِه، ومَن قال: \"لَيلَةً\". أرادَ بيَومِها.\n\n٥٤٧٨ - وقَد رَوَى سُهَيلُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُسافِرِ امرأةٌ بَريدًا إلا مَعَ ذِي مَحرَمٍ\".\nأخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ. فدكَرَه (^٣).\nوهَذِه الرِّواياتُ في الثَّلاثَةِ واليَومَينِ واليَومِ صحيحَةٌ، وكأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ تُسافِرُ ثَلاثًا مِن غَيرِ مَحرَمٍ، فقالَ: \"لا\". وسُئلَ عَنها تُسافِرُ يَومَينِ مِن غَيرِ مَحرَمٍ، فقالَ: \"لا\". ويَومًا، فقالَ: \"لا\". فأَدَّى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم ما حَفِظَ، ولا يَكونُ عَدَدٌ مِن هذه الأعدادِ حَدًّا لِلسَّفَرِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٨٩)، وأبو داود (١٧٢٣)، وابن حبان (٢٧٢٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٣٩/ ٤١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٧٢٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٦) من طريق سهيل به.","vol":"6","page":139},{"text":"٥٤٧٩ - وقَد حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ الهِلالِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَخلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بامرأةٍ، ولا تُسافِرِ امرأةٌ إلا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَمٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1166>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَركِ التَّقصيرِ والمَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ وما يَكونُ رُخصَةً رَغبَةً عن السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n٥٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: صنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمرًا فتَرَخَصَ فيه، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ناسًا مِن أصحابِه، فكأَنَّهُم كَرِهوه وتَنَزَّهوا عنه، فقالَ: \"ما بالُ رِجالٍ بَلَغَهُم عَنِّي أمرٌ تَرَخَّصتُ فيه فكَرِهوه وتنَزَّهوا عنه، فواللَّهِ لأنا أعلَمُهُم باللهِ، وأشَدُّهُم له خَشيَةً\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٤٩)، والآداب (٨٨٩)، والشعب (٥٤٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٩، ٢٥٣٠)، وابن حبان (٢٧٣١) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٠٦، ٣٠٦١)، ومسلم (١٣٤١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠١٥، ٢٠٢١) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"6","page":140},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n٥٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ (^٢) الدَّراوَرْدِيِّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن حَربِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُحِبُّ أن تُؤتَى رُخَصُه كما يُحِبّ أن تُؤتَى عَزائمُه\" (^٣).\n\n٥٤٨٢ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ عن الدَّراوَرْدِيِّ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"كما يَكرَهُ أن تُؤتَى مَعاصِيه\".\nأخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأَدَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمَزَةَ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٥٤٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ عبدِ الحَليمِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن حَربِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣٥٦/ ١٢٧)، والبخاري (٦١٠١، ٧٣٠١).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ والشعب. وهو عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردي. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ١٩٠، ١٩٢، والمهذب ٣/ ١٠٧٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٨٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٥٦٨) من طريق حرب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٧٤: حرب لم يضعف، ولم يخرج له في الستة.","vol":"6","page":141},{"text":"وجَلَّ يُحِبُّ أن تُؤتَى رُخَصُه كما يَكرَهُ أن تُؤتَى مَعاصيه\" (^١). وهَكَذا رَواه عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ وقُتَيبَةُ وغَيرُهُما عن عبدِ العَزيزِ عن عُمارَةَ (^٢)، وكأَنَّه سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا، وقَد رُوِّيناه بمَعناه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِهِم، إلَّا أنَّهُم قالوا: كما يُحِبُّ أن تُؤتَى عَزائمُه (^٣).\n\n٥٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ، عن مُوَرِّقٍ العِجْلِيِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ مُحْرِزٍ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن صَلاةِ السَّفَرِ، قال: رَكعَتانِ، مَن خالَفَ السُّنَّةَ كَفَرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1167>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ المَسحَ على الخُفَّينِ غَيرَ رَغبَةٍ عن السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n٥٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ مُدرِكٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا أيّوبَ نَزَعَ خُفَّيه فنَظَروا إلَيه، فقالَ: أما إنِّي قَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٥٠، ٢٠٢٧) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٧٣) عن على به. وأحمد (٥٨٦٦)، وابن حبان (٢٧٤٢) من طريق قتيبة به، وعند أحمد بإسقاط حرب بن قيس. وقال الهيثمي ٣/ ١٦٢: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٨٨٠ - ٢٦٨٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ١٨٥ من طريق أبي التياح به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٢٢، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٤٢٧ من طريق صفوان به.","vol":"6","page":142},{"text":"رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ عَلَيهِما، ولَكِنِّى حُبِّبَ إلَيَّ الوُضوءُ (^١).\nكَذا قالَه محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ: عليُّ بنُ مُدرِكٍ. ولَيسَ بالَّذِى (^٢) رَوَى عنه شُعبَةُ، ولَعَلَّ الصَّوابَ: علىُّ بنُ الصَّلتِ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِّيناه في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ مِن حَديثِ أفلَحَ مَولَى أبي أيّوبَ عن أبي أيّوبَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1168>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ القَصرَ في السَّفَرِ غَيرَ رَغبَةٍ عن السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n٥٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بابَىْ، عن يَعلَى قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: قَولُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ [النساء: ١٠١]. قال: عَجِبتُ مِمّا عَجِبتَ مِنه، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بها عَلَيكُم، فاقبَلوها\" (^٤).\n\n٥٤٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٧٤) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والطبراني (٤٠٣٩) من طريق الأعمش عن المسيب عن على بن الصلت به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢٥٥: ورجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بالقويّ\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٤١٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٧٣٩) عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٤٤).","vol":"6","page":143},{"text":"الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ باباه، عن يَعلَى بنِ مُنْيَةَ (^١) أنَّه قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أرأَيتَ قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ﴾ وقَد أمِنَ النّاسُ، فما شأنُ التَّقصيرِ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: عَجِبتُ مِمّا عَجِبتَ مِنه، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما هِىَ؟ فقالَ: \"هِىَ صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بها عَلَيكُم فاقبَلوا صَدَقَتَه\" (^٢). كَذا قال: ابن باباه. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الشّافِعِيُّ عن عبدِ المَجيدِ ومُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\nوأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ كما مَضَى، وقالَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بابَيْهِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ في هذا الحديثِ، وزَعَمَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ أنَّهُم ثَلاثَةٌ: ابنُ بابَىْ، وابنُ باباه (^٥)، وابنُ بابَيْهِ، والَّذِى يَروِى عنه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي عَمّارٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بابَيْه (^٦). وذَهَبَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"منبه\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٧٨، ٣٧٩.\n(^٢) جزء أبي صالح عبد اللَّه بن صالح (١٩) عن ابن وهب به دون ذكر الليث.\n(^٣) اختلاف الحديث ص ٧٦.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٨٦/ ٤).\n(^٥) في م: \"بابا\" بغير هاء. وينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدوري ٣/ ٨٧.\n(^٦) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدوري ٣/ ٨٧.\n(^٧) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢٧.","vol":"6","page":144},{"text":"إلَى أنَّهُم واحِدٌ وهو مَكِّيٌّ، وعَلَى مِثلِ قَولِه دَلَّ كَلامُ البُخارِيِّ ﵀ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فدَلَّ قَولُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أنَّ القَصرَ في السَّفَرِ بلا خَوفٍ صَدَقَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ، والصَّدَقَةُ رُخصَةٌ لا حَتمٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أن يَقصروا، ودَلَّ على أن يَقصُروا في السَّفَرِ بلا خَوفٍ إن شاءَ المُسافِرُ، وإنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ أتَمَّ في السَّفَرِ وقَصَرَ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ لنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا المَحامِلِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ ثَوابٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقصُرُ في السَّفَرِ (^٣) ويُتِمُّ، ويُفطِرُ ويَصومُ (^٤). قال عليٌّ: هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: ولِهَذا شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ دَلْهَمِ بنِ صالِحٍ والمُغيرَةِ بنِ زيادٍ وطَلحَةَ بنِ عمرٍو، وكُلُّهُم ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٩٠)، واختلاف الحديث ص ٧٦.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الصلاة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٩٢)، والصغرى (٥٩٦)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٥) أما دلهم فهو دلهم بن صالح الكندي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٥٠، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٣٦، والكامل ٣/ ٩٧٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤٩٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٣/ ١٨٤. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٣٦: ضعيف.\nوأما المغيرة بن زياد فقد تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٤٦٨٥)، وأما طلحة بن عمرو فقد تقدم الكلام =","vol":"6","page":145},{"text":"أمّا حَديثُ دَلْهَمِ بنِ صالِحٍ:\n\n٥٤٨٩ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا دَلْهَمُ بنُ صالِحٍ الكِندِيُّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجنا إلَى مَكَّةَ أربَعًا حَتَّى نَرجِعَ (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ مُغيرَةَ بنِ زيادٍ:\n\n٥٤٩٠ - فأَخبَرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الكُدَيمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا مُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقصُرُ في السَّفَرِ ويُتِمُّ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه وكيعٌ وغَيرُه عن مُغيرَةَ (^٣).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ طَلحَةَ:\n\n٥٤٩١ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ وأبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ\n_________\n= عليه عقب (٢٣٦٢).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ٩٧٦ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٩ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن داود به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٦: دلهم فيه ضعف، وقد وثق.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٢٦٣) عن وكيع به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٦ عن مغيرة: وهو صالح الحديث احتج به النسائي.","vol":"6","page":146},{"text":"قالَت: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَد فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ قَد أتَمَّ وقَصَرَ، وصامَ وأَفطَرَ في السَّفَرِ (^١).\n\n٥٤٩٢ - وقَد قال عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ المُرْهِبِيُّ كوفِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ: أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت تُصَلِّى في السَّفَرِ المَكتوبَةَ أربَعًا. وهو فيما أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَيبانَ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن ذَرٍّ. فذَكَرَه. وهو كالموافِقِ لِرِوايَةِ دَلْهَمِ بنِ صالِحٍ، وإِن كان في رِوايَةِ دَلْهَمٍ زيادَةُ سَنَدٍ.\nولِسَنَدِه شاهِدٌ قَوِيٌّ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ:\n\n٥٤٩٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ المَروَزِيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ كَثيرٍ الصُّورِيُّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الغَزِّيُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الرّازِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ كَثيرٍ الصُّورِيُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو الغَزِّيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في عُمرَةٍ في رَمَضانَ، فأَفطَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وصُمتُ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٩. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٤٢٤ من طريق أبي نعيم به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٦: طلحة ضعفوه.","vol":"6","page":147},{"text":"وقَصَرَ وأَتمَمتُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، أفطَرتَ وصُمتُ، وقَصَرتَ وأَتمَمتُ؟ فقالَ: \"أحسَنتِ يا عائشَةُ\" (^١).\n\n٥٤٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ التُّبَّعِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا مَعَه، فقَصَرَ وأَتمَمتُ الصَّلاةَ، وأَفطَرَ وصُمتُ، فلَمّا دَفَعتُ إلَى مَكَّةَ قُلتُ: بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّي يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَصَرتَ وأَتمَمتُ، وأَفطَرتَ وصُمتُ؟ قال: \"أحسَنتِ يا عائشَةُ\". وما عابَه عَلَيَّ. قال علىٌّ: الأوَّلُ مُتَّصِلٌ، وهو إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ قَد أدرَكَ عائشةَ فدَخَلَ عَلَيها وهو مُراهِقٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٩٥ - وأخبرَنا [أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ] (^٣) الرّازِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها اعتَمَرَت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى إذا قَدِمَت مَكَّةَ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بأَبِي أنتَ وأُمِّى، قَصَرتَ وأَتمَمتُ، وأَفطَرتَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٨. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٦: منكر، ولم يعتمر رسول الله - ﷺ - في رمضان أبدًا، والعلاء روى له النسائي ووثقه ابن معين. وينظر زاد المعاد ٢/ ٩٣، وفتح الباري ٣/ ٦٠٣.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٨.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"على بن أحمد\".","vol":"6","page":148},{"text":"وصُمتُ؟ فقالَ: \"أحسَنتِ يا عائشَةُ\". وما عابَ عَلَيَّ (^١). قال أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ: هَكَذا قال أبو نُعَيمٍ: عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن عائشةَ. ومَن قال: عن أبيه. في هذا الحديثِ فقَد أخطأَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وصَحيحٌ عن عائشةَ أنَّها كانَت تُتِمُّ مَعَ قَولِها: فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاةُ رَكعَتَينِ.\n\n٥٤٩٦ - أَخبَرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الرّازِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وإِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قالوا: حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها كانَت تُصَلِّى في السَّفَرِ أربَعًا، فقُلتُ لَها: لَو صَلَّيتِ رَكعَتَينِ؟ فقالَت: يا ابنَ أُختِى إنَّه لا يَشُقُّ عَلَيَّ (^٢).\n\n٥٤٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ إلياسَ بنِ صدَقَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي رَبيعَةُ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه عن عائشةَ، أنَّ الصَّلاةَ حينَ فُرِضَت كانَت رَكعَتَينِ في الحَضرِ والسَّفَرِ، فأُقِرَّت صَلاةُ السَّفَرِ على رَكعَتَينِ، وأُتِمَّت في الحَضَرِ أربَعًا. قالَ: فأَخبَرْتُها عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فقالَ: إنَّ عُروةَ قَد أخبرَنِي أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت تُصَلِّى أربَعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٩٣). وأخرجه النسائي (١٤٥٥) من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠٨٧) عن هشام به.","vol":"6","page":149},{"text":"رَكَعاتٍ في السَّفَرِ. قال: فوَجَدتُ عُروةَ يَومًا عِندَه، فقُلتُ: كَيفَ أخبَرتَنِي عن عائشَةَ؟ فحَدَّثَ بما حَدَّثَنِي به (^١). فقالَ عُمَرُ: ألَيسَ حَدَّثتَنِي أنَّها كانَت تُصَلِّى أربَعًا في السَّفَرِ؟ قال: بَلَى (^٢).\n\n٥٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاق المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ (^٣)، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أوَّلُ ما فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاةُ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، فزيدَ في صَلاةِ الحَضَرِ وأُقِرَّت صَلاةُ السَّفَرِ. قُلتُ: فما شأنُ عائشةَ كانَت تُتِمُّ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: إنَّها تأَوَّلَت ما تأَوَّلَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ خَشرَمٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٥٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"عمر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الباغندي في مسند عمر بن عبد العزيز (٥٩) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. وأحمد (٢٦٣٣٨)، والبخاري (٣٥٠)، ومسلم (٦٨٥/ ١)، وأبو داود (١١٩٨)، والنسائي (٤٥٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧٣٦) من طريق صالح بن كيسان به بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٣) في م: \"عمرة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٥٩٧)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٧٨. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٨٥/ ٣)، والبخاري (١٠٩٠).","vol":"6","page":150},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: صَلَّى بنا عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بمِنًى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، فقيلَ ذَلِكَ لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، فاستَرجَعَ ثم قالَ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللِه - ﷺ - بمِنًى رَكعَتَينِ، وصلَّيتُ مَعَ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بمِنًى رَكعَتَينِ، وصَلَّيتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بمِنًى رَكعَتَينِ، فلَيتَ حَظِّى مِن أربَعِ رَكَعاتٍ رَكعَتانِ مُتَقَبَّلَتانِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وكَذَلِكَ مُسلِمٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أنَّ أبا مُعاويَةَ وحَفصَ بنَ غياثٍ حَدَّثاهم، وحَديثُ أبي مُعاويَةَ أتَمُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: صَلَّى عثمانُ - ﵁ - بمِنًى أربَعًا، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللِه - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ أبي بكرٍ رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ عُمَرَ رَكعَتَينِ. زادَ عن حَفصٍ: ومَعَ عثمانَ صَدرًا مِن إمارَتِه، ثُمَّ أتَمَّها. زادَ مِن ها هُنا عن أبي مُعاويَةَ: ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقَت بكُمُ الطُّرُقُ، فلَوَدِدتُ أنَّ لِى مِن أربَعِ رَكَعاتٍ رَكعَتَينِ مُتَقَبَّلَتَينِ. قال الأعمَشُ: فحَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ عن أشياخِه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى أربَعًا، فقيلَ له: عِبتَ على عثمانَ ثُمَّ صَلَّيتَ أربَعًا؟! قال: الخِلافُ شَرٌّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٤٧) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠٨٤)، ومسلم (٦٩٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٩٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٩٣)، ومسلم (٦٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٦٢) من طريق أبي معاوية به.","vol":"6","page":151},{"text":"٥٥٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ بواسِطٍ، عن أشياخِ الحَيِّ قال: صَلَّى عثمانُ الظُّهرَ بمِنًى أربَعًا، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عبدَ اللَّهِ فعابَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بأَصحابِه في رَحلِه العَصرَ أربَعًا، فقُلتُ له: عِبتَ على عثمانَ وصَلَّيتَ أربَعًا؟! قال: إنِّي (^١) أكرَهُ الخِلافَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ:\n\n٥٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بجَمعٍ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ مَسجِدَ مِنًى سأَلَ: كَم صَلَّى أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قالوا: أربَعًا. فصَلَّى أربَعًا، قال: فقُلنا له: ألَم تُحَدِّثْنا أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، وأَبا بكرٍ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ؟! فقالَ: بَلَى، وأَنا أُحَدِّثُكُموه الآنَ، ولَكِنَّ عثمانَ كان إمامًا، فأُخالِفُه (^٣)، والخِلافُ شَرٌّ (^٤)؟!\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٣: \"صليت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٢٥٥ من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فما أخالفه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٢٥٤ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"6","page":152},{"text":"٥٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ بمِنًى مِن أجلِ الأعرابِ؛ لأنَّهُم كَثُروا (^١) عامَئذٍ، فصلَّى بالنّاسِ أربَعًا ليُعَلِّمَهُم أنَّ الصَّلاةَ أربَعًا (^٢).\n\n٥٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ سالِمٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، أنَّه أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ بمِنًى، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّ السُّنَّةَ سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وسُنَّةُ صاحِبَيه، ولَكِنَّه حَدَثَ العامَ مِنَ النّاسِ فخِفتُ أن يَستَنُّوا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ غَيرُ هذا، والأشبَهُ أن يَكونَ رآه رُخصةً، فرأَى الإتمامَ جائزًا كما رأَته عائشَةُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ مَعَ اختيارِهِمُ القَصرَ:\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"كفروا\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ: \"أربعًا\"، وفي مصدرى التخريج: \"أربع\". وبالنصب لغة قوم من العرب ينصبون اسم إن وخبرها. ينظر الجنى الداني في حروف المعانى ص ٣٩٤. ويحتمل أن يكون حالًا على تقدير: \"أن الصلاة تصلى أربعًا\". وقريب منه قوله - ﷺ -: \"آلصبح أربعًا؟ \". حيث ذكر ابن حجر في فتح الباري ٢/ ١٥٠ أنها حال بالتقدير نفسه. وتقدم الحديث في (٤٦٠٠).\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (١٩٦٤). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٢٥٥ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٨: سنده منقطع.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٢٥٥ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"6","page":153},{"text":"٥٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبي لَيلَى الكِندِيِّ قال: أقبَلَ سَلمانُ في اثنَىْ عَشَرَ راكِبًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقالوا: تَقَدَّمْ يا أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ. قال: إنا لا نَؤُمُّكُم ولا نَنكِحُ نِساءَكُم؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ هَدانا بكُم. قال: فتَقَدَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فصَلَّى بهِم (^١) أربَعًا. قال: فقالَ سَلمانُ: ما لَنا وللمُرَبَّعَة؟! إنَّما كان يَكفينا نِصفُ المُرَبَّعَةِ، ونَحنُ إلَى الرُّخصَةِ أحوَجُ (^٢). فبَيَّنَ سَلمانُ الفارِسِيُّ بمَشهَدِ هَؤُلاءِ الصَّحابَةِ أنَّ القَصرَ رُخصَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nورُوِّينا عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ [وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ] (^٣) بنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ عبدِ يَغوثَ أنَّهُما كانا يُتِمّانِ الصَّلاةَ في السَّفَرِ ويَصومانِ (^٤)، ورُوِّينا جَوازَ الأمرَينِ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِي قِلابَةَ (^٥).\n\n٥٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ زَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بنا\".\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٢٨٣، ١٠٣٢٩)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٦٠٥٣)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ١٨٩. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٥٦: وأبو ليلى الكندي ضعفه ابن معين.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد اللَّه\".\n(^٤) ينظر شرح المعاني للطحاوي ١/ ٤٢٠، والتمهيد ٩/ ٩٦.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨٢٦٤، ٨٢٦٨).","vol":"6","page":154},{"text":"التَّغلِبِيُّ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: إنّا مَعاشِرَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كُنّا نُسافِرُ، فمِنّا الصّائمُ ومِنّا المُفطِرُ، ومِنّا المُتِمُّ ومِنّا المُقصِرُ، فلَم يَعِبِ الصّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصّائمِ، ولا المُقصِرُ على المُتِمِّ، ولا المُتِمُّ على المُقصِرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1169>بابُ إتمامِ المَغرِبِ في السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ، وأَن لا قَصرَ فيها</span>\n\n٥٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ [عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ] (^٢) عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أنَّ أباه قال: جَمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بجَمْعٍ (^٣) لَيسَ بَينَهُما سَجدَةٌ، وصَلَّى المَغرِبَ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ، وصَلَّى العِشاءَ رَكعَتَينِ، فكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّى بجَمْعٍ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى لَحِقَ باللهِ ﷿ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، وقَد أشارَ البخاريُّ في كِتابِه إلَى مَعناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٥).\n\n٥٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التحقيق في أحاديث الخلاف ١/ ٤٩٤. وقال الذهبي ٢/ ١٠٧٩: زيد ضعيف، وعمران ليس بحجة.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) جمع: مزدلفة.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٨٨/ ٢٨٧)، والبخاري (١٠٩١).","vol":"6","page":155},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ (^١) بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنَخَّلِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ يُصَلِّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ إلَّا المَغرِبَ، حَتَّى رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ. قال: قُلنا لأنَسٍ: كَم أقَمتُم بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: أقَمنا عَشَرَةَ أيّامٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبْعِيُّ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاةُ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، إلَّا المَغرِبَ فُرِضَت ثَلاثًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا سافَرَ صَلَّى الصَّلاةَ الأُولَى، وإِذا أقامَ زادَ مَعَ كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، إلَّا المَغرِبَ لأنَّها وِترٌ، والصُّبحَ لأنَّها (^٤) تَطُوَّلُ فيها القِراءَةُ (^٥). هَكَذا رَواه عبدُ الوَهّابِ. وقَد رُوِّيناه في أوَّلِ كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ مِن حَديثِ بَكّارِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن داودَ عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ عن مَسروقٍ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٦). وكَذَلِك قالَه مَحبوبُ بنُ الحَسَنِ عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) بعدها في م: \"يحيى بن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٩٢٣)، وأبو جعفر ابن البختري الرزاز (٢٧٢) من طريق على به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٥٥)، وسيأتي في (٥٥٢٣، ٥٥٢٤، ٥٥٥٠).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"السبيعي\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٨/ ١٦٥.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٨٢) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٥٤: ورجالها كلها ثقات.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٧١٩).\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٥، ٩٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧٣٨).","vol":"6","page":156},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1170>بابٌ: لا يَقصُرُ الَّذِي يُريدُ السَّفَرَ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ مِن بُيوتِ القَريَةِ، ثُمَّ يَقصُرُ حَتَّى يَدخُلَ أدنَى بُيوتِها</span>\n\n٥٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعْدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا والعصرَ (^١) بِذِي الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٥٥١١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ و(^٣) إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ سَمِعَه مِن أنَسٍ بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٥١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا والعَصرَ بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: الأصل، ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدي (١١٩١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨٣) عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أيوب به. والنسائي (٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٢٧٤٣، ٢٧٤٤) من طريق أيوب به. والحميدي (١١٩٣) عن سفيان عن إبراهيم بن ميسرة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٧٩)، وأبو داود (١٢٠٢)، والترمذي (٥٤٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٨) من طريق =","vol":"6","page":157},{"text":"ابنِ مَنصورٍ، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ عَنهُما (^١)، وأَخرَجا حَديثَ أيّوبَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٢).\n\n٥٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَزيدَ الهُنائيِّ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن قَصرِ الصَّلاةِ - وكُنتُ أخرُجُ إلَى الكوفَةِ فأُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى أرجِعَ - فقالَ أنَسٌ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ مَسيرَةَ ثَلاثَةِ أميالٍ أو ثَلاثَةِ فراسِخَ (^٣) - شَكَّ شُعبَةُ - قَصَرَ الصَّلاةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ سلَمةَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ: يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: وكُنتُ أخرُجُ إلَى الكوفَةِ فأُصَلِّي رَكعَتَينِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٥).\n\n٥٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n= سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^١) البخاري (١٠٨٩)، ومسلم (٦٩٠/ ١١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٤٧، ١٥٤٨) من طريق الثوري، ولم يروه البخاري عن ابن عيينة. ينظر تحفة الأشراف ١/ ٨١، ومسلم (٦٩٠/ ١٠).\n(^٣) الفرسخ ثلاثة أميال. المعجم الرسيط ٢/ ٦٨١، وتقدم تحديد الميل في الحديث (٥٤٥٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣١٣)، وابن حبان (٢٧٤٥) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٩١).","vol":"6","page":158},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَبيبَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن ابنِ السِّمطِ، أنَّه أتَى قَريَةً مِن حِمصَ على ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ ميلًا، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، قُلتُ: أتُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ؟ قال: رأَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: إنَّما أفعَلُ كما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ النَّضرِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ قال: عن ابنِ السِّمطِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nوكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى مَعنَى ما رَواه ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ وغَيرُه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ.\n\n٥٥١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا وِقاءُ بنُ إياسٍ أبو يَزيدَ، عن عليِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - مُتَوَجِّهينَ ههُنا - وأَشارَ بيَدِه إلَى الشّامِ - فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، حَتَّى إذا رَجَعنا ونَظَرنا إلَى الكوفَةِ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، هذه الكوفَةُ نُتِمُّ الصَّلاةَ؟ قال: لا، حَتَّى نَدخُلَها.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٣٥). وأخرجه النسائي (١٤٣٦) من طريق النضر بن شميل به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨، ٢٠٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٩٢/ ١٣).","vol":"6","page":159},{"text":"٥٥١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن وِقاءِ بنِ إياسٍ الأسَدِىِّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ رَبيعَةَ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقَصرنا ونَحنُ نَرَى البُيوتَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعنا فقَصرنا ونَحنُ نَرَى البُيوتَ، فقُلنا له، فقالَ علىٌّ: نَقصُرُ حَتَّى نَدخُلَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1171>بابُ مَن أجمَعَ (^٢) الإقامَةَ مُطلَقًا بمَوضِعٍ أتَمَّ</span>\n\n٥٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى جُوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا أجمَعَ المُقامَ ببَلَدٍ أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1172>بابُ مَن أجمَعَ إقامَةَ أربَعٍ أتَمَّ</span>\n\n٥٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ حُمَيدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ العَلاءَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٣٢١) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) أجمع: عزم على أمر. التاج ٢٠/ ٤٦٣ (ج م ع).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٠٧).","vol":"6","page":160},{"text":"ابنَ الحَضرَمِىِّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَمكُثُ المُهاجِرُ بمَكَّةَ بعدَ قَضاءِ نُسُكِه ثَلاثًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٥٥١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يَسأَلُ السّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ: هَل سَمِعتَ في الإقامَةِ بمَكَّةَ شَيئًا؟ فقالَ السّائبُ: سَمِعتُ الحَضرَمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النبيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لِلمُهاجِرِ إقامَةُ ثَلاثٍ بعدَ الصَّدَرِ (^٣) بمَكَّةَ\". كأَنَّه يقولُ: لا يَزيدُ عَلَيها (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥)، وكَذا رُوِىَ في هذا الإسنادِ: الحَضرَمِىَّ. وهو العَلاءُ بنُ الحَضرَمِىِّ، وحُمَيدٌ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حُمَيدٍ كِلاهُما سَمِعا ذَلِكَ مِنَ السّائبِ. وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ (^٦).\n\n٥٥٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٨٨٤٢). ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٥٢٥)، والنسائي (١٤٥٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٢/ ٤٤٤).\n(^٣) الصدر: أي بعد الرجوع من منى. فتح الباري ٧/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٢٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢١٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٥٢/ ٤٤١).\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٩٣٣).","vol":"6","page":161},{"text":"وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ لِجُلَسائه: ما سَمِعتُم في سُكنَى مَكَّةَ؟ فقالَ السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ: سَمِعتُ العَلاءَ - أو قال: العَلاءَ بنَ الحَضرَمِىِّ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُقيمُ المُهاجِرُ بمَكَّةَ بعدَ قَضاءِ نُسُكِه ثَلاثًا\" (^١). [لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى] (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٥٥٢١ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ ببغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ [أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ] (^٤) - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ لِليَهودِ والنَّصارَى والمَجوسِ بالمَدينَةِ إقامَةَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ يَتَسَوَّقونَ بها، ويَقضونَ حَوائجَهُم، ولا يُقيمُ أحَدٌ مِنهُم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٠٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٨٦. وأخرجه الحميدي (٨٤٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٠٦) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) في حاشية \"الأصل\": \"ضرب المؤلف على قوله: \"لفظ حديث يحيى بن يحيى\".\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٥٢/ ٤٤٢).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.","vol":"6","page":162},{"text":"فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ، وبِمِثلِه أجابَ في الجَديدِ: مَن أجمَعَ إقامَةَ أربَعٍ أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ، وقَد رُويتْ في ذَلِكَ أحاديثُ؛ مِنها عن قَتادَةَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. وهَكَذا حدثنا مالكٌ عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: مَن أجمَعَ إقامَةَ أربَعٍ أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ.\nأمّا حَديثُ عثمانَ - ﵁ - فلَم أجِدْ إسنادَه (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ:\n\n٥٥٢٢ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُراسانِىِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: مَن أجمَعَ على إقامَةِ أربَعِ لَيالٍ وهو مُسافِرٌ أتَمَّ الصَّلاةَ (^٣). قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ الأمرُ الَّذِى لَم يَزَلْ عَلَيه أهلُ العِلمِ عِندَنا.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ووَجَدنا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُقيمُ المُهاجِرُ بعدَ قَضاءِ نُسُكِه ثَلاثًا\" ووَجَدنا عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أجلَى اليَهودَ مِن جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ وضَرَبَ لَهُم أجَلًا ثَلاثًا، فرأَينا ثَلاثًا مِمّا يُقيمُ المُسافِرُ، وأَربَعًا كأَنَّها بالمُقيمِ أشبَهُ؛ لأنَّه لَو كان لِلمُسافِرِ أن يُقيمَ أكثَرَ مِن ثَلاثٍ كان شَبيهًا أن يأمُرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - به المُهاجِرَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٥٧). ومالك (١٨٦٤) برواية أبى مصعب الزهري.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٨١: منقطع بين قتادة وعثمان.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٤٩، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٠٥).","vol":"6","page":163},{"text":"ويأذَنَ فيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لِليَهودِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n٥٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا به أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضي بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ القَزّازُ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَصَرَ حَتَّى أتَى مَكَّةَ، فأَقَمنا بها عَشْرًا، فلَم يَزَلْ يَقصُرُ حَتَّى رَجَعَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٥٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فحَجَجنا مَعَه، فكانَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ. قال: قُلتُ: كَم أقَمتُم بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: عَشْرًا (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٤٥٥، ٥٥٠٨). وسيأتي في (٥٥٥٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٩٧)، ومسلم (٦٩٣/ ١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٠١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٩٣/ ١٥).","vol":"6","page":164},{"text":"فهَذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، وإِنَّما أرادَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ بقَولِه: فأَقَمنا بها عَشرًا. أي بمَكَّةَ ومِنًى وعَرَفاتٍ، وذَلِك لأنَّ الأخبارَ الثّابِتَةَ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ في حَجَّتِه لأربَعٍ خَلَونَ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فأَقامَ بها ثَلاثًا يَقصُرُ، ولَم يَحسِبِ اليَومَ الَّذِى قَدِمَ فيه مَكَّةَ؛ لأنَّه كان فيه سائرًا، ولا يَومَ التَّرويَةِ؛ لأنَّه خارِجٌ فيه إلَى مِنًى، فصَلَّى بها الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ والصُّبحَ، فلَمّا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ سارَ مِنها إلَى عَرَفاتٍ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ مِنها حينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ حَتَّى أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ، فباتَ بها لَيلَتَئذٍ (^١) حَتَّى أصبَحَ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ مِنها حَتَّى أتَى مِنًى فقَضَى بها نُسُكَه، ثُمَّ أفاضَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فقَضَى بها طَوافَه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى مِنًى فأَقامَ بها ثَلاثًا يَقصُرُ، ثُمَّ نَفَرَ مِنها فنَزَلَ بالمُحَصَّبِ (^٢) وأَذَّنَ في أصحابِه بالرَّحيلِ، وخَرَجَ فمَرَّ بالبَيتِ فطافَ به قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى المَدينَةِ، فلَم يُقِمْ - ﷺ - في مَوضِعٍ واحِدٍ أربَعًا يَقصُرُ، وهَذا كُلُّه مَوجودٌ في المَجموعِ مِن رِواياتِ ابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وغَيرِهِم في قِصَّةِ الحَجِّ، وتِلكَ الرِّواياتُ بسياقِها تَرِدُ بمَشيئَةِ اللَّهِ في كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"ليلتين\".\n(^٢) المحصب: موضع رمى الجمار بمنى، وهو الوادى المنحدر من منى بعد جمرة العقبة الأولى. المعجم الكبير ٥/ ٣٨٩ (ح ص ب).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٩٥١٢) وما بعدها.","vol":"6","page":165},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1173>بابٌ: المُسافِرُ يَقصُرُ ما لَم يُجمِعْ مُكثًا ما لَم يَبلُغْ مُقامُه ما أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ</span>\n\n٥٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ وهو عبدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ تسعةَ (^١) عَشَرَ يَومًا يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ. زادَ أبو الموَجِّهِ في رِوايَتِه: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فنَحنُ نُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ تِسعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا، فإِن أقَمنا أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ أتمَمنا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حِبّانُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ: تِسعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا (^٤).\n\n٥٥٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن عاصمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقَمنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ يَقصُرُ\n_________\n(^١) في م، س: \"سبعة\". وفي حاشية \"س\" كالمثبت.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٠٤ بالإسناد الأول، وفى المعرفة (١٦٠٨)، والصغرى (٦١٠) بالإسناد الثاني، وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٨٢) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وعنده: \"عشرين ليلة\". وابن ماجه (١٠٧٥) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٠٤ من طريق حبان به.","vol":"6","page":166},{"text":"الصَّلاةَ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إن زِدْنا أتمَمنا. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن أبي شِهابٍ (^١).\nورَواه خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ عن أبي شِهابٍ فقالَ: سَبعَ عَشرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٢٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه، وفِي آخِرِه: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ونَحنُ نَقصُرُ سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ، وإِن زِدْنا أتمَمنا (^٢).\n\n٥٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ النَّمَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ وحُصَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سافَرَ فأَقامَ تِسعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ، فنَحنُ إذا سافَرنا فأَقَمنا تِسعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا قَصَرنا، وإِذا زِدنا أتمَمنا الصَّلاةَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٢٩ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَبيبٍ لُوَينٌ عن أبي عَوانَةَ عَنهُما، فقالَ: سافَرنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَقامَ سَبعةَ عَشَرَ يومًا يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٢٩٩).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٣٦٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٠٨٠).","vol":"6","page":167},{"text":"قَولَ ابنِ عباسٍ أيضًا في سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ: أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا لُوَينٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٥٥٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سافَرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَقامَ [سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ] (^٢) يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ.\nورَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، فقالَ في أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عنه: تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٣١ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ وسُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ قالا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِى الجَوزِىُّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدُ بنُ موسَى ويَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ والفَضلُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ ويوسُفُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ - وهَذا حَديثُ الجَوزِىِّ - عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سافَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَفَرًا فأَقامَ تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: فنَحنُ إذا سافَرنا فأَقَمنا تِسعَ عَشَرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٧ من طريق لوين به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سبعة عشر يومًا\". وينظر المعرفة عقب (١٦٠٧).","vol":"6","page":168},{"text":"صَلَّينا رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، وإِذا أقَمنا أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ صَلَّينا أربَعًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ في حَديثِ أبى خَيثَمَةَ وسُرَيجٍ: تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ.\n\n٥٥٣٢ - ورَواه عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، عن أبي مُعاويَةَ فقالَ: سافَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَقامَ سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٥٥٣٣ - ورَواه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ عن عاصِمٍ فقالَ: سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ، فمَن أقامَ سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ قَصَرَ، ومَن أقامَ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ أتَمَّ. أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nورَواه عَبّادُ (^٣) بنُ مَنصورٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ: تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٣٤ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَمَنَ الفَتحِ تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعتَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٨)، والترمذي (٥٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٣٠) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢٣٠) عن عباد بن منصور دون قوله: \"ركعتين ركعتين\". وأخرجه الطبراني (١١٨٩٢) من طريق عباد به بلفظ: \"سبعة عشر\".","vol":"6","page":169},{"text":"ورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الأصبَهانِىِّ عن عِكرِمَةَ: سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أقامَ بمَكَّةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ (^١) يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\nاختَلَفَت هذه الرِّواياتُ في تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ وسَبعَ عَشرَةَ كما تَرَى، وأَصَحُّها عِندِى - واللَّهُ أعلَمُ - رِوايَةُ مَن رَوَى تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ، وهِىَ الرِّوايَةُ التي أودَعَها محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ \"الجامع الصحيح\"؛ فأَحَدُ (^٣) مَن رَواها ولَم يُختَلَفْ عَلَيه - عِلمِى (^٤) - عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، وهو أحفَظُ مَن رَواه عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ يَقصُرُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"يقصر الصلاة\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٢٣٢)، وأخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٨٨٤) عن نصر بن على به. وأحمد (٢٧٥٨)، وعبد بن حميد (٥٨٥) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"فأخذ\".\n(^٤) في م: \"على\".","vol":"6","page":170},{"text":"الصَّلاةَ، حَتَّى سارَ إلَى حُنَينٍ (^١). كَذا رَواه ولا أُراه مَحفوظًا.\n\n٥٥٣٧ - وقَد أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ: ثُمَّ أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى سارَ إلَى حُنَينٍ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٥٥٣٨ - ورَواه أيضًا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ خالدٍ (^٣) الوَهبِىُّ وسَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، ولَم يَذكُروا فيه ابنَ عباسٍ (^٤)، إلا محمدَ بنَ سلَمةَ فإنَّه رَواه عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nوَرَواه عِراكُ بنُ مالكٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٦). ورِوايةُ عِكرِمَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٢٧٢) عن ابن إدريس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن هشام في السيرة ٢/ ٤٣٧، وابن سعد ٢/ ١٤٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق عن الزهري عن عبيد اللَّه مرسلا. وينظر قول المصنف الآتى.\n(^٣) في م: \"خال\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تاريخه ٣/ ٦٩، ٧٠ من طريق سلمة، وذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢٣١) عن عبدة وأحمد بن خالد.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٢٣١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٧٦) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٥): ضعيف منكر.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن سعد ٢/ ١٤٣، ١٤٤ من طريق عراك.","vol":"6","page":171},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ كُلِّه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، جَميعًا عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ زَمانَ الفَتحِ ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٥٥٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أقامَ سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ مُحاصِرًا الطّائفَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُمكِنُ الجَمعُ بَينَ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ ورِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى سَبعَ عَشرةَ ورِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ، بأَنَّ مَن رَواها تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ عَدَّ يَومَ الدُّخولِ ويَومَ الخُروجِ، ومَن رَوَى ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ لَم يَعُدَّ أحَدَ اليَومَينِ، ومَن قال: سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ. لَم يَعُدَّهُما، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1174>بابُ مَن قال: يَقصُرُ أبَدًا ما لَم يُجمِعْ مُكثًا</span>\n\n٥٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٦٥)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٣) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والترمذي (٥٤٥) من طريق على بن زيد بن جدعان به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٤).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٢٠٦).","vol":"6","page":172},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن جابِوِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بتَبوكَ عِشرينَ يَومًا يَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ مَعمَرٌ برِوايَتِه مُسنَدًا. ورَواه علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ وغَيرُه عن يَحيَى عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن يَحيَى عن أنَسٍ، وقالَ: بِضعَ عَشْرَةَ (^٣). ولا أُراه مَحفوظًا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جابِرٍ: بضعَ عَشْرَةَ:\n\n٥٥٤٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ يَعنِى الفَزارِىَّ، عن أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ تَبوكَ، فأَقامَ بها بِضعَ عَشْرَةَ، فلَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ.\n\n٥٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٣٣٥). ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٣٩)، وأبو داود (١٢٣٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧٤٩، ٢٧٥٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨٢٨٥) من طريق على بن المبارك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٩٢٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"6","page":173},{"text":"ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ (^١) وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ وهو ابنُ عُمارَةَ البَجَلِىُّ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بخَيبَرَ أربَعينَ يَومًا يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ وهو غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنه قال: أَرْتَجَ (^٤) عَلَينا الثَّلجُ ونَحنُ بأَذرَبِيجانَ سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ في غَزاةٍ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: كُنّا نُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n٥٥٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، م: \"القاضي\". وينظر ترجمته في (٤٠٨).\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"ركعتين\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٥٤٦، ٥٤٧ من طريق أبى العباس محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"أريح\". وفى الأصل، س، غير منقوطة. وأرتج الثلج: دام وأطبق. تاج العروس ٥/ ٥٨٩ (ر ت ج).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦١٠). وذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ٥/ ٣٣ عن عبيد اللَّه بن عمر العمرى به.","vol":"6","page":174},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: أُصَلِّى صَلاةَ المُسافِرِ ما لَم أُجمِعْ مُكْثًا، وإن حَبَسَنِى ذَلِك [اثنَىْ عَشَرَ] (^١) لَيلَةً (^٢).\n\n٥٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنّا مَعَه شَتْوَتَينِ - يَعنِى مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ - لا نُجَمِّعُ ونَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، أنَّ أنَسًا أقامَ بالشّامِ مَعَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَرْوانَ شَهرَينِ يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ المُسافِرِ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) كذا في: النسخ، والمهذب ٣/ ١٠٨٥، وكتب فوقها في \"الأصل\": \"كذا\". وفي مصدر التخريج: \"اثنتى عشرة\"، وهو الصواب، وكذا غيرها محقق المهذب.\n(^٢) الموطأ ١/ ١٤٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٣٨، ٨٢٧٩) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٤١٩ من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.","vol":"6","page":175},{"text":"وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الإمامُ قالا: حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أقاموا برامَهُرمُزَ (^١) تِسعَةَ أشهُرٍ يَقصُرونَ الصَّلاةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ أبى وسَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ عبدِ يَغوثَ الزُّهرِىِّ عامَ أذرُحَ (^٣) فوَقَعَ الوَجَعُ بالشّامِ، فأَقَمنا بالسَّرْغِ (^٤) خَمسينَ لَيلَةً، ودَخَلَ عَلَينا رَمَضانُ، فصامَ المِسوَرُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الأسوَدِ، وأَفطَرَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وأَبَى أن يَصومَ، فقُلتُ لِسَعدٍ: يا أبا إسحاقَ أنتَ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وشَهِدتَ بَدرًا، والمِسوَرُ يَصومُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، وأَنتَ تُفطِرُ؟! قال سَعدٌ: إنِّي أنا أفقَهُ مِنهُم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) رامهرمز: مدينة مشهورة بنواحى خوزستان. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٧٣٨.\n(^٢) الكامل ٥/ ١٩١٢. وفيه: \"أقاموا برأس هر\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"أدرج\".\nوأذرح: قرية أردنية تجاور الجرباء تقعان شمال غربى مدينة معان على قرابة ٢٢ كيلا. وعام أذرح هو عام (٣٧ هـ) الذي وقع فيه التحكيم بين على ومعاوية - ﵄ -. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ١٢٩، وتاريخ دمشق ١٦/ ٢٨٢، ٤٩/ ٤٧٧، والبداية والنهاية ١٠/ ٥٥٦، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٢، ٨١.\n(^٤) في ن: \"السرع\". وسرغ تعرف اليوم بالمدورة آخر حدود الأردن جنوبا. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٤.\n(^٥) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٦٩، وفيه: \"فأقمنا بالسرح\". وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٨٧ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٠/ ٢٨٣، ٢٨٤ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"6","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1175>بابُ المُسافِرِ يَنزِلُ بشَيءٍ مِن مالِه فيَقصُرُ ما لَم يُجمِعْ مُكثًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد قَصَرَ أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَعَه عامَ الفَتحِ، [وفِي حَجَّتِه] (^١)، وفِي حَجَّةِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، ولِعَدَدٍ مِنهُم بمَكَّةَ دارٌ أو أكثَرُ وقَراباتٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا. حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ. قُلتُ: كَم أقامَ بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: عَشْرًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجبهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا السَّفَرِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ شُفَىٍّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِه مُسافِرًا صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ١٨٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٤٨) من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٥٥، ٥٥٠٨، ٥٥٢٣، ٥٥٢٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٩٣)، والبخاري (١٠٨١، ٤٢٩٧).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٢٨٦٠)، وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٩) من طريق شعبة به. وقال البوصيرى في الإتحاف ٢/ ٤٦٢: رواه الطيالسي ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"6","page":177},{"text":"وَقَد مَضَى حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ وعِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ في قَصرِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ (^١).\n\n٥٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ، فقالَ: ائتِ مَجلِسَنا. فقالَ: إنَّ هذا قَد سأَلَنِى عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ، فاحفَظوها عَنِّى: ما سافَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَفَرًا إلَّا صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ، ويَقولُ: \"يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ قوموا فصَلّوا رَكعَتَينِ؛ فإِنّا سَفْرٌ\". وغَزا الطّائفَ وحُنَينَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، وأَتَى الجِعْرانَةَ (^٢) فاعتَمَرَ مِنها، وحَجَجتُ مَعَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - واعتَمَرتُ فكانَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فكانَ يُصلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، ومَعَ عثمانَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ صدرًا مِن إمارَتِه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عثمانُ بمِنًى أربَعًا (^٣).\n\n٥٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وأبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وأبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٥٢٥ - ٥٥٣٩).\n(^٢) الجعرانة: مكان بين الطائف ومكة وهى إلى مكة أقرب، يعتمر منها المكيون، وبها مسجد، وقد عطلت بئرها اليوم. مراصد الاطلاع ١/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٥٣)، وسيأتي في (٥٥٦٧).","vol":"6","page":178},{"text":"الحَوْضِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ والرَّبيعُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُشنانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ - وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عَفّانَ - قال: أنبأَنِى قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ سلَمةَ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: إنِّي أكونُ بمَكَّةَ فكَيفَ أُصَلِّى؟ قال: رَكعَتَينِ، سُنَّةَ أبى القاسِمِ - ﷺ -. وقالَ عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ في حَديثِه: قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ: كَم أُصَلِّى إذا فاتَتنِى الصَّلاةُ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ؟ فقالَ: رَكعَتَينِ، تِلكَ سُنَّةُ أبى القاسِمِ - ﷺ - (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1176>بابُ السَّفَرِ في البحرِ كالسَّفَرِ في البَرِّ في جَوازِ القَصرِ</span>\n\n٥٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَوادَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ رَجُلٍ (^٣) مِنهُم: أنَّه أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - المدينةَ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَتَغَدَّى. قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"هَلُمَّ لِلغَداءِ\". فقُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ وضَعَ عن المُسافِرِ الصَّومَ وشَطرَ الصَّلاةِ، وعن الحُبلَى والمُرضِعِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٢) عن عفان وحده به. وابن حبان (٢٧٥٥) من طريق أبى الوليد به. والنسائي (١٤٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"برجل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٩٠)، ويعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٧١. وأخرجه =","vol":"6","page":179},{"text":"٥٥٥٥ - ورَوَى (^١) يَحيَى بنُ نَصرِ بنِ حاجِبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ تَميمًا الدّارِىَّ سأَلَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - عن رُكوبِ البحرِ - وكانَ عَظيمَ التِّجارَةِ في البحرِ - فأَمَرَه بتَقصيرِ الصّلاةِ، قال: يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي يُسَيِّرُكُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ﴾ [يونس: ٢٢]. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في \"التاريخِ\"، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عُمَرَ المُذَكِّرُ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ فتحُ بنُ نوحٍ الشّاهَنْبَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ نَصرِ بنِ حاجِبٍ القُرَشِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1177>بابُ القيامِ في الفَريضَةِ وإِن كان في السَّفينَةِ مَعَ القُدرَةِ</span>\n\n٥٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ، عن حُسَينٍ المُكْتِبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ - ﵁ - قال: كانَت بى بَواسيرُ، فسأَلتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"صَلِّ قائمًا، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ فصَلِّ جالِسًا، فإِن لَم تَستَطِعْ فعَلَى جَنبٍ\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n= النسائي (٢٣١٤) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأبو داود (٢٤٠٨)، والترمذي (٧١٥)، وابن ماجه (١٦٦٧) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سوادة به بسياق أطول من هذا. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢١٠٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^١) في حاشية \"الأصل\": \"زيادة رواها المصنف في سنة إحدى وخمسين وأربعمائة إلى آخر الباب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١١/ ٨٢ من طريق المصنف به. قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٨٧: المذكر ليس بثقة، ويحيى قال أبو زرعة: ليس بشيء.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٧٠٦).","vol":"6","page":180},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\nوقَد روِىَ في البابِ حَديثٌ خاصٌّ:\n\n٥٥٥٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ (^٢) بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن الصَّلاةِ في السَّفينَةِ فقال: كَيفَ أُصَلِّى في السَّفينَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"صَلِّ فيها قائمًا إلا أن تَخافَ الغَرَقَ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٥٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحُرْضِىُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ سُهَيلٍ الموصِلِىُّ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا الصَّلتُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١١٧).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦١٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٧٤. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٥ من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٤) في س: \"الحوضى\".\nوهو عبد اللَّه بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن حمدويه، أبو محمد ابن أبي القاسم البنانى الثابتى النيسابورى الحرضى، حدث عن أبي العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، قال عبد الغافر: كثير الحديث وكثير الشيوخ. توفى سنة (٤١٩ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٩٠٠) وفيه الحوضى بالواو، وتكملة الإكمال ٢/ ٣٧٣، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ)، ص ٤٦٢.","vol":"6","page":181},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أصحابَه حينَ خَرَجوا إلَى الحَبَشَةِ أن يُصَلُّوا في السَّفينَةِ قيامًا ما لَم يَخافوا الغَرَقَ. كَذا قالَ (^١).\nواختُلِفَ فيه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ داودَ، قيلَ: لَم يَسمَعْه مِن جَعفَرٍ. وحَديثُ أبى نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ حَسَنٌ.\n\n٥٥٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحُرْضِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا حامِدٌ البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا الصَّلتُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو أظُنُّه ابنَ عبدِ الغَفّارِ الفُقَيمِىَّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وأَصحابُه حينَ خَرَجوا إلَى الحَبَشَةِ يُصَلّونَ في السَّفينَةِ قيامًا (^٢).\n\n٥٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: سُئلَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ عن الصَّلاةِ في السَّفينَةِ، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى عُتبَةَ مَولَى أنَسٍ وهو معنا في المَجلِسِ: سافَرتُ مَعَ أبى الدَّرداءِ وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّى بنا إمامًا قائمًا في السَّفينَةِ، ونُصَلِّى خَلفَه قيامًا، ولَو شِئنا لَخَرَجنا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٤، والبزار (١٣٢٧) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن داود. وعندهما بزيادة رجل بين عبد الله بن داود وجعفر بن برقان، وهو عندهما عن ابن عمر عن جعفر بن أبي طالب بمعناه. وقال الدارقطني عقبه: فيه رجل مجهول.\n(^٢) ذكره البزار عقب (١٣٢٧) عن عمرو بن عبد الغفار به. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٤ من طريق جعفر بن برقان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٦٣: وفيه رجل لم يسم وبقية رجاله ثقات وإسناده متصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٦٢٣) من طريق حميد به.","vol":"6","page":182},{"text":"٥٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا حَربُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان إذا رَكِبَ السَّفينَةَ فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّفينَةُ مَحبوسَةٌ صَلَّى قائمًا، وإِذا كانَت تَسيرُ صَلَّى قاعِدًا في جَماعَةٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1178>بابُ المُسافِرِ يَنتَهِى إلَى المَوضِعِ الَّذِى يُريدُ المُقامَ بهِ</span>\n\n٥٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: أقصرُ إلَى عَرَفَةَ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن إلَى جُدَّةَ وعُسفانَ والطّائفِ، وإِن قَدِمتَ على أهلٍ أو ماشيَةٍ فأَتِمَّ (^١).\n\n٥٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أقصُرُ مِن مَرٍّ (^٢)؟ قال: لا. قال: أقصُرُ مِن عَرَفاتٍ؟ قال: لا. قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٦٥).\n(^٢) مرّ: وهو مر الظهران، وهو واد من أودية الحجاز يمر شمال مكة على ٢٢ كيلا ويصب في البحر جنوب جدة بقرابة ٢٠ كيلا. ينظر معجم البلدان ٥/ ١٠٤، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٨٨.","vol":"6","page":183},{"text":"أقصُرُ مِن جُدَّةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: مِنَ الطّائفِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فإذا أتَيتَ أهلَكَ أو ماشيَتَكَ فأَتِمَّ الصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1179>بابُ لا تَخفيفَ عَمَّن كان سَفَرُه في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٣، الأنعام: ١٤٥، النحل: ١١٥].\n\n٥٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ﴾ يقولُ: غَيرَ قاطِعٍ السَّبيلَ، ولا مُفارِقٍ الأئمَّةَ، ولا خارجٍ في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1180>بابُ الاجتِماعِ لِلصَّلاةِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n٥٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ وهو بالأبطَحِ في قُبَّةٍ له حَمراءَ مِن أَدَمٍ. قال: فخَرَجَ بلالٌ بوَضوئه فمِن نائلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٢٩٧) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢١٨، ٢١٩. وأخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ٣/ ٦٠ من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"6","page":184},{"text":"وناضِحٍ. قال: فخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عَلَيه حُلَّةٌ حَمراءُ كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى بَياضِ ساقَيه. قال: فتَوَضّأَ وأَذَّنَ بلالٌ، قال: فجَعَلتُ أتَّبِعُ فاه ههُنا وههُنا - يقولُ يَمينًا وشِمالًا - يقولُ: حَىَّ على الصَلاةِ، حَىَّ على الفَلاحِ. قال: ثُمَّ رُكِزَت له عَنَزَةٌ، فتَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ رَكعَتَينِ يَمُرُّ بَينَ يَدَيه الحِمارُ والكَلبُ لا يُمنَعُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى العَصرَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَزَلْ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إلَى المَدينَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - في قُبَّةٍ حَمراءَ، ورأَيتُ بلالًا أخرَجَ وَضوءَه، فرأَيتُ النّاسَ يَبتَدِرونَ ذَلِكَ مِنه ويَتَمَسَّحونَ به، فمَن لَم يُدرِكْ مِنه شَيئًا أخَذَ مِن بَلَلِ صاحِبِه، ورأَيتُ بلالًا أخرَجَ عَنَزَةً فرَكَزَها، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فرأَيتُه في حُلَّةٍ حَمراءَ مُشَمِّرًا يُصَلِّى إلَى عَنَزَةٍ بالنّاسِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ عُمَرَ بنِ أبي زائدَةَ (^٤).\nوالأحاديثُ في هذا المَعنَى كَثيرَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩٠)، وأحمد (١٨٧٦٢). وتقدم في (١٨٧١ - ١٨٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٦٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٦٨) من طريق عمر به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٧٦، ٥٧٨٦، ٥٨٥٩)، ومسلم (٥٠٣/ ٢٥٠).","vol":"6","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1181>بابُ المُسافِرِ يُصَلِّى بالمُسافِرينَ والمُقيمينَ</span>\n\n٥٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وشَهِدتُ مَعَه الفَتحَ، فأَقامَ بمَكَّةَ ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً لا يُصَلِّى إلا رَكعَتَينِ. يقولُ: \"يا أهلَ البَلَدِ، صَلّوا أربَعًا، فإِنّا سَفْرٌ\" (^١). ورُوِّينا قَبلَ هذا في هذا الحديثِ عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرُويَه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المَرُّوذِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلِمَ، أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه أنه شَهِدَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - صَلَّى بأَهلِ مَكَّةَ في الحَجِّ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال لَهُم بَعدَ ما سَلَّمَ: أتِمّوا الصَّلاةَ يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ، فإِنّا سَفْرٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ١٠٥، وأبو داود (١٢٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٧٨) عن إسماعيل بن علية به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٥٣، ٥٥٥٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٩٣، ٥٣٩٤، ٥٤٤٤، ٥٤٤٥).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"المروزوذى\". وفى الأصل، م: \"المروزي\". وهذه النسبة إلى مرو الروذ، فالنسبة إليها المرو الروذى، وقد يخفف في النسبة إليها فيقال: المروذى. ينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٦٢، ٢٦٣، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٣٥٨.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٣٩٥).","vol":"6","page":186},{"text":"٥٥٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَفوانَ أنَّه قال: جاءَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَعودُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ صَفوانَ، فصَلَّى لَنا رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ، فقُمنا فأَتمَمنا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1182>بابُ المُقيمِ يُصَلِّى بالمُسافِرينَ والمُقيمينَ</span>\n\n٥٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان إذا صَلَّى مَعَ الإمامِ صَلَّى أربَعًا، وإِذا صَلَّى وحدَه صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: المُسافِرُ يُدرِكُ رَكعَتَينِ مِن صَلاةِ القَومِ - يَعنِى المُقيمينَ - أتُجزيه الرَّكعَتانِ أو يُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٥٠، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٤٣٧٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٥٣)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤١٧. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٣٤٢) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٩٤/ ١٧).","vol":"6","page":187},{"text":"بصَلاتِهِم؟ قال: فضَحِكَ وقالَ: يُصَلِّى بصَلاتِهِم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1183>باب تطوُّعِ المُسافِرِ</span>\n\n٥٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ في جامِعِ الحَربيَّةِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ أخو بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى في بَيتِها عامَ الفَتحِ ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ قَد خالَفَ بَينَ طَرَفَيه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى النَّضرِ عن أبي مُرَّةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وأبو يَحيَى ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي بُسرَةَ الغِفارِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ أنَّه قال: سافَرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ سَفرَةً، فلَم أرَه تَرَكَ رَكعَتَينِ قَبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٧٤) من طريق سليمان التيمى به بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٢) محمد بن عبد اللَّه الشافعي (١ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية)، وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٢١٣٠) من طريق معلى بن أسد به. وتقدم في (٤٩٦٥ - ٤٩٦٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣٦/ ٨٣)، والبخاري (٢٨٠، ٣١٧١).","vol":"6","page":188},{"text":"الظُّهرِ (^١). وقَد مَضَت أحاديثُ في تَطَوُّعِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في أسفارِه على الرّاحِلَةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيْدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى طاوُسٌ اليَمانِى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ قال: سَنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِى صَلاةَ السَّفَرِ رَكعَتَينِ، وسَنَّ صَلاةَ الحَضَرِ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، فكما الصَّلاةُ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الحَضَرِ وبَعدَها حَسَنٌ، فكَذَلِكَ الصَّلاةُ في السَّفَرِ قَبلَها وبَعدَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1184>بابُ التَّخفيفِ في تَركِ التَّطَوُّعِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n٥٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن أبيه قال: صَحِبتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ في طَريقٍ يَعنِى مَكَّةَ قال: فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ فرأَى ناسًا قيامًا، فقالَ: ما يَصنَعُ هَؤُلاءِ؟ قُلتُ: يُسَبِّحونَ. قال: لَو كُنتُ مُسَبِّحًا أتمَمتُ صَلاتِى، يا ابنَ أخِى إنِّي صَحِبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٢٥٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٨٥٨٣)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٢)، والترمذي (٥٥٠) من طريق الليث به وحده. قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩٠: أبو بسرة لا يعرف. والحديث ضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٤٢ - ٢٢٤٨، ٤٦٥٤، ٤٦٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني مختصرا (١٠٩٨٢)، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٦٢٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به. قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩١: إسناده جيد.","vol":"6","page":189},{"text":"فلَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ، وصَحِبتُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فلَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ، وصَحِبتُ عُمَرَ فلَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ، وصَحِبتُ عثمانَ فلَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ، وقَد قال اللَّه ﷿: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٢١]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عيسَى بنِ حَفصٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يُصَلِّى مَعَ الفَريضَةِ في السَّفَرِ شَيئًا قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، إلا مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ، فإِنَّه كان يُصَلِّى على بَعيرِه أو على راحِلَتِه حَيثُمَا تَوَجَّهَت بهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1185>بابُ التَّخفيفِ في تَركِ الجَماعَةِ في السَّفَرِ عِندَ وُجودِ المَطَرِ أو ما في مَعناه كَهُوَ في الحَضَرِ أو أخَفَّ</span>\n\n٥٥٧٧ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى بنَيسابورَ وأبو طاهِرٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ سلَمةَ الهَمَذانِىُّ بهَمَذانَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بِشرٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقِيلِ بنِ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧٦١)، والنسائي (١٤٥٧)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٥٧) من طريق عيسى بن حفص به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٩/ ٨)، والبخاري (١١٠٢).\n(^٣) الموطأ ١/ ١٥٠.","vol":"6","page":190},{"text":"البَيهَقِىُّ أبو سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التَّميمِىُّ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فمُطِرنا، فقالَ: \"ليُصَلِّ مَن شاءَ مِنكُم في رَحلِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٥٥٧٨ - أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو عَونٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان في سَفَرٍ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ ظُلمَةٍ ورَدغٍ، أو ظُلمَةٍ وبَردٍ، أو ظُلمَةٍ ومَطَرٍ، فنادَى مُناديه أن صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1186>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n٥٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٧)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٥)، والترمذي (٤٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٥٩) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٩٨).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٠٨٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٢)، والنسائي (٥٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"6","page":191},{"text":"ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا عَجِلَ به السَّيرُ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٥٥٨١ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أسرَعَ السَّيرَ، فجَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، فسأَلتُ نافِعًا، فقالَ: بَعدَما غابَ الشَّفَقُ بساعَةٍ. وقالَ: إنِّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ (^٥).\n\n٥٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى - وهَذا حَديثُ ابنِ المُثَنَّى - حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ جَمَعَ بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١٠٦)، ومسلم (٧٠٣/ ٤٤).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٤٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٣١)، والنسائي (٥٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٠٣/ ٤٢).\n(^٤) في م: \"عبيد\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٦١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٧٢)، والترمذي (٥٥٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩٢: إسناده صحيح.","vol":"6","page":192},{"text":"المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بَعدَ أن يَغيبَ الشَّفَقُ، ويَذكُرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٥٥٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ استُصرِخَ (^٣) على صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ وهو بمَكَّةَ وهِىَ بالمَدينَةِ، فأَقبَلَ فسارَ حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وبَدَتِ النُّجومُ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ كان يَصحَبُه: الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ. فسارَ ابنُ عُمَرَ، فقالَ له سالِمٌ: الصَّلاةَ. فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا عَجَلَ به أمرٌ في سَفَرٍ جَمَعَ بَينَ هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ. فسارَ حَتَّى إذا غابَ الشَّفَقُ جَمَعَ بَينَهُما، وسارَ ما بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ ثَلاثًا (^٤).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَخَّرَ المَغرِبَ بَعدَ ذَهابِ الشَّفَقِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ هَوِىٌّ مِنَ اللَّيلِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ، وقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِك إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ أو حَزَبَه أمرٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٠) من طريق يحيى به. وليس عند ابن خزيمة: عبيد الله.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٣/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) قال في عون المعبود ١/ ٤٦٨: أي أنه أُخبر بموتها.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٠٧) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٥١٢٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٤٠٢)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٩٨) - من طريق معمر به وليس عند النسائي: أيوب.","vol":"6","page":193},{"text":"ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ عن نافِعِ، فذَكَرَ أنَّه سارَ قَريبًا مِن رُبُعِ اللَّيلِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى (^١).\n\n٥٥٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ وأبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالا: حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ العُذرِىُّ ببَيروتَ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه أقبَلَ مِن مَكَّةَ وجاءَه خَبَرُ صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، فأَسرَعَ السَّيرَ، فلَمّا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ قال له إنسانٌ مِن أصحابِه: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ ثُمَّ سارَ ساعَةً، فقالَ له صاحِبُه: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ، فقالَ الَّذِى قال له الصَّلاةَ: إنَّه لَيَعلَمُ مِن هذا عِلمًا لا أعلَمُه. فسارَ حَتَّى إذا كان بَعدَ ما غابَ الشَّفَقُ بساعَةٍ نَزَلَ فأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ - وكانَ لا يُنادِى لِشَئٍ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ في السَّفَرِ - فقامَ فصلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ جَميعًا جَمَعَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بَعدَ أن يَغيبَ الشَّفَقُ بساعَةٍ. وكانَ يُصلِّى على ظَهرِ راحِلَتِه أينَ تَوَجَّهَت به السُّبحَةَ في السَّفَرِ، ويُخبِرُهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ (^٢). قال: وقالَ النَّيسابورِىُّ: بشَئٍ مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ في السَّفَرِ.\nاتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٠) من طريق يحيى به. وعند ابن خزيمة: \"نصف الليل\" بدل: \"ربع الليل\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٠. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩٣: إسناده ثابت.","vol":"6","page":194},{"text":"عُمَرَ وأَيّوبَ السَّختِيانِىِّ وعُمَرَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن نافِعٍ - على أنَّ جَمعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ كان بَعدَ غَيبوبَةِ الشَّفَقِ، وخالَفَهُم مَن لا يُدانيهِم في حِفظِ أحاديثِ نافِعٍ.\n\n٥٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ جابِرٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وهو يُريدُ أرضًا له، فنَزَلَ مَنزِلًا فأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ له: إنَّ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ أبى عُبَيدٍ لَمَا بها (^١)، ولا أظُنُّ أن تُدرِكَها. وذَلِكَ بَعدَ العَصرِ. قال: فخَرَجَ مُسرِعًا ومَعَه رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ، فسِرنا حَتَّى إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ لَم يَقُلْ لِى: الصَّلاةَ. وكانَ عَهدِى بصاحِبِى وهو مُحافِظٌ على الصَّلاةِ، فلَمّا أبطأَ قُلتُ: الصَّلاةَ يَرحَمُكَ اللهُ. فما التَفَتَ إلَىَّ، ثُمَّ مَضَى كما هو حَتَّى إذا كان مِن آخِرِ الشَّفَقِ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ، ثُمَّ أقامَ الصَّلاةَ وقَد تَوارَى الشَّفَقُ فصَلَّى بنا، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَينا فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا عَجِلَ به الأمرُ صَنَعَ هَكَذا (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه فُضَيلُ بن غَزوانَ وعَطّافُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) لما بها: بفتح اللام أي للذى بها من المرض الشديد، أو بكسر اللام أي هي في الشدة والتعب لما بها من المرض. حاشية السندى على النسائي ١/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٣ من طريق العباس بن الوليد به. وأبو داود (١٢١٣)، والنسائي (٥٩٤) من طريق ابن جابر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٣ من طريق فضيل بن غزوان به. والنسائي (٥٩٥) من طريق عطاف بن خالد به.","vol":"6","page":195},{"text":"ورِوايَةُ الحُفّاظِ مِن أصحابِ نافِعٍ أولَى بالصَّوابِ، فقَد رَواه سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَسلَمُ مَولَى عُمَرَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُؤَيبٍ، وقيلَ: ابنِ ذُؤَيبٍ. عن ابنِ عُمَرَ نَحوَ رِوايَتِهِم.\nأمّا حَديثُ سالِمٍ، فرَواه عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ عن أخيه عُمَرَ بنِ محمدٍ عن سالِمٍ (^١).\n\n٥٥٨٦ - وأَمّا حَديثُ أسلَمَ، فأَخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا الصَّغَانِىُّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ المُغيرَةِ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ فبَلَغَه عن صَفيَّةَ شِدَّةُ وَجَعٍ، فأَسرَعَ السَّيرَ حَتَّى كان بَعدَ غُروبِ الشَّفَقِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعَتَمَةَ، جَمَعَ بَينَهُما، وقالَ: إنَّى رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ وجَمَعَ بَينَهُما. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٨٧ - وأَمّا حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، فأَخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢١٧) عن عاصم بن محمد به. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩١ من طريق عاصم بن محمد عن أخيه عن نافع عن سالم.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٠٠).","vol":"6","page":196},{"text":"سَعدٍ قال: قال رَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ - وكانَ مِن صالِحِى المُسلِمينَ صِدقًا ودينًا - قال: غابَتِ الشَّمسُ ونَحنُ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فسِرنا، فلَمّا رأَيناه قَد أمسَى قُلنا له: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ، فسارَ حَتَّى غابَ الشَّفَقُ وتَصَوَّبَتِ النُّجومُ (^١)، فنَزَلَ فصَلَّى الصَّلاتَينِ جَميعًا، ثُمَّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا جَدَّ به السَّيرُ صَلَّى صَلاتِى هذه. يقولُ: جَمعَ بَينَهُما بَعدَ لَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٥٨٨ - وأَمّا حَديثُ إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فأَخبَرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضي بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ (^٣) بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: صَحِبتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ، فلَمّا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ هِبنا أن نَقولَ له: قُم إلَى الصَّلاةِ. فلَمّا ذَهَبَ بَياضُ الأُفُقِ وفَحمَةُ العِشاءِ (^٤) نَزَلَ فصَلَّى ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ ورَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ.\n_________\n(^١) تصوبت النجوم: أي اجتمعت. عون المعبود ١/ ٤٧٠.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤٢٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٢١٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) في م: \"محمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٤) فحمة العشاء: شدة سواد الليل وظلمته، ويكون ذلك في أوله. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٤١.","vol":"6","page":197},{"text":"وحَديثُ الشّافِعِىِّ أتَمُّ، قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ إلَى الحِمَى (^١) فغَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، فهِبْنا أنَ نَقولَ له: انزِلْ فصلِّ. فلَمّا ذَهَبَ بَياضُ الأُفُقِ وفَحمَةُ العِشاءِ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ سَلَّم، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّم، ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَينا فقال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ (^٢). وقالَ: عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأسَدِىِّ.\n\n٥٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، أخبرَنِى حَسّانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ وابنُ مَوهَبٍ، المَعنَى، قالا: حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا ارتَحَلَ قَبلَ أن تَزيغَ الشَّمسُ أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ إلَى وقتِ العَصرِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فجَمَعَ بَينَهُما، فإِن زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ قَبلَ أن يَرتَحِلَ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ. وفِي حَديثِ أبى (^٣) عبدِ اللَّهِ: أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَسّانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وقُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحى\". والحمى: موضع فيه كلأ يُحْمَى من الناس أن يرعى. تاج العروس ٣٧/ ٤٧٧ (ح م ى).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٤٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٧٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٩٨)، والنسائي (٥٩٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في م: \"ابن\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٢١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٨٤)، والنسائي (٥٨٥) عن قتيبة به. وابن حبان (١٥٩٢) من طريق يزيد بن موهب به.","vol":"6","page":198},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أَخبَرَكَ جابِرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان إذا عَجِلَ به السَّيرُ يُؤَخِّرُ الظُّهرَ إلَى أوَّلِ وقتِ العَصرِ فيَجمَعُ بَينَهُما، ويُؤَخِّرُ المَغرِبَ حَتَّى يَجمَعُ بَينَها وبَينَ العِشاءِ حينَ (^٢) يَغيبُ الشَّفَقُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي طاهِرٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يَجمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ في السَّفَرِ أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ حَتَّى يَدخُلَ أوَّلُ وقتِ العَصرِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن شَبابَةَ وزادَ: ثُمَّ يَجمَعُ بَينَهُما (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١١١١، ١١١٢)، ومسلم (٧٠٤/ ٤٦).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"حتى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦١٥)، وابن وهب (٢٠٤)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٢١٩)، والنسائي (٥٩٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٦٩) من طريق جابر بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٤/ ٤٨).\n(^٥) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٩. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٤٥٦) من طريق شبابة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٧٠٤/ ٤٧).","vol":"6","page":199},{"text":"٥٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ راهُويَه، أخبرَنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن لَيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان في سَفَرٍ فزالَتِ الشَّمسُ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا ثُمَّ ارتَحَلَ (^١).\n\n٥٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ فارِسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الدَّقّاقُ المَعروفُ بابنِ السَّمّاكِ إملاءً سنةِ تِسعٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمائةٍ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ (^٢) بنُ مُكْرَمِ بنِ حَسّانَ البَزّازُ (^٣)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، عامَ تَبوكَ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ هَكَذا.\nورَواه غَيرُه عن الثَّورِىِّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ:\n\n٥٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩٤: هذا على صحة إسناده منكر.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م: \"البزار\". والمثبت هو الصواب. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١٩٢، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ١٤٧. وتقدم في (٢٠٦٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٣٥).","vol":"6","page":200},{"text":"سُفيانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: جَمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وبَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^١).\n\n٥٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ عامِرِ بنِ واثِلَةَ، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - أخبَرَهُم أنَّهُم خَرَجوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ تَبوكَ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَجمَعُ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، وأَخَّرَ الصَّلاةَ يَومًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ جَميعًا (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي عليٍّ الحَنَفِىِّ عن مالكٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ وقُرَّةَ بنِ خالِدٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ (^٤).\n\n٥٥٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، [عن اللَّيثِ] (^٥) بنِ سَعدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠١٢)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٣٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٧٧، ومالك ١/ ١٤٣ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٠٧٠)، وأبو داود (١٢٠٦)، والنسائي (٥٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦٨)، وابن حبان (١٥٩٥).\n(^٣) مسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٤ (٧٠٦/ ١٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٦/ ٥٢، ٥٣).\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ. والمهذب ٢/ ١٠٩٥، وعند أبي داود: \"والليث\". وكذا ذكره المزى عن أبي =","vol":"6","page":201},{"text":"الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ إذا زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ قَبلَ أن يَرتَحِلَ جَمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وإِن يَرْتَحِلْ (^١) قَبلَ أن تَزيغَ الشَّمسُ أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ حَتَّى يَنزِلَ لِلعَصرِ، وفِي المَغرِبِ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ؛ إن غابَتِ الشَّمسُ قَبلَ أن يَرتَحِلَ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، وإِنِ ارتَحَلَ قَبلَ أن تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ حَتَّى يَنزِلَ لِلعِشاءِ ثُمَّ جَمَعَ بَينَهُما (^٢).\n\n٥٥٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ [قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ] (^٣) بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ إذا ارتَحَلَ قَبلَ زَيغِ الشَّمسِ أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ حَتَّى يَجمَعَها إلَى العَصرِ فيُصَلّيَهما جَميعًا، وإِذا ارتَحَلَ بَعدَ زَيغِ الشَّمسِ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا ثُمَّ سارَ، وكانَ إذا ارتَحَلَ قَبلَ المَغرِبِ أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ حَتَّى يُصَلّيَها مَعَ العِشاءِ، وإِذا ارتحَلَ بَعدَ المَغرِبِ عَجَّلَ العِشاءَ فصَلَّاها مَعَ المَغرِبِ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به قُتَيبَةُ بنُ\n_________\n= داود في تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٤٠٢.\n(^١) في الأصل: \"ترحل\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٢٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٣٦) من طريق هشام به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٩٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٢٠)، والترمذي (٥٥٣)، وابن حبان (١٤٥٨) من طريق قتيبة به.","vol":"6","page":202},{"text":"سعيدٍ عن لَيثٍ عن يَزيدَ.\nأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَسَنِ محمدَ بنَ موسَى بنِ عِمرانَ الفَقيهَ الصَّيدَلانِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعت أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ صالِحَ بنَ [حَفْصُويَه - نَيسابورِىٌّ] (^١) صاحِبُ حَديثٍ - يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِقُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ: مَعَ مَن كَتَبتَ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ حَديثَ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ؟ فقالَ: كَتَبتُه مَعَ خالِدٍ المَدائنِىِّ. قال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ: وكانَ خالِدٌ الَمَدائنِىُّ هذا يُدخِلُ الأحاديثَ على الشُّيوخِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما أنكَروا مِن هذا رِوايَةَ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، فأَمّا رِوايَةُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ فهِىَ مَحفوظَةٌ صَحيحَةٌ.\n\n٥٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن حُسَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنٍ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ وهو في مَنزِلِه جَمعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وإِذا لَم تَزُلْ حَتَّى يَرتَحِلَ سارَ، حَتَّى إذا دَخَلَ وقتُ العَصرِ نَزَلَ فجَمَعَ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ، وإِذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ وهو في مَنزِلِه جَمعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، وإِذا لَم تَغِبْ حَتَّى يَرتَحِلَ سارَ حَتَّى إذا أتَى العَتَمَةَ نَزَلَ فجَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ.\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حفصويه بنيسابور\"، وفى س: \"حصفويه النيسابورى\".\n(^٢) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٢٠، ١٢١. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ١٢/ ٤٦٦ من طريق محمد بن موسى بن عمران.","vol":"6","page":203},{"text":"ورَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى حُسَينٌ عن كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). وكأَنَّ حُسَينًا سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا.\n\n٥٥٩٩ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَحيَى الجُرجانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، وعن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: ألا أُخبِرُكُم عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ؟ قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: كان إذا زاغَت له (^٢) الشَّمسُ في مَنزِلِه جَمعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ قَبلَ أن يَركَبَ، وإِذا لَم تَزغْ له في مَنزِلِه سارَ حَتَّى إذا حانَتِ العَصرُ نَزَلَ فجَمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وإِذا حانَت له المَغرِبُ في مَنزِلِه جَمَعَ بَينَها وبَينَ العِشاءِ، وإِذا لَم تَحِنْ في مَنزِلِه رَكِبَ حَتَّى إذا حانَتِ العِشاءُ نَزَلَ فجَمَعَ بَينَهُما (^٣).\nقال علىٌّ: ورَواه عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن حُسَينٍ عن كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فاحتَمَلَ أن يَكونَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ سَمِعَه أوَّلًا مِن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن حُسَينٍ كَقَولِ عبدِ المَجيدِ عنه، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٨ عن حجاج به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٤٨: وحسين ضعيف واختلف عليه فيه، وجمع الدارقطني في سننه بين وجوه الاختلاف فيه، إلا أن علته ضعف حسين، ويقال: إن الترمذي حسنه وكأنه باعتبار المتابعة، وغفل ابن العربى فصحح إسناده.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٣.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٨، وعبد الرزاق (٤٤٠٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٤٨٠)، والترمذي كما في تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ١٢٠.","vol":"6","page":204},{"text":"لَقِىَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ حُسَينًا فسَمِعَه مِنه كَقَولِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ وحَجّاجٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وروِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ ويَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ وأَبِى أُوَيسٍ المَدَنِىِّ عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢)، وهو بما تَقَدَّمَ مِن شَواهِدِه يَقوَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٥٦٠٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَبْدوسٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ، عن الحُسَينِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَمعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ في السَّفَرِ إذا كان على ظَهرِ سَيرِه، ويَجمَعُ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nورَوَى أيّوبُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ لا يَعلَمُه إلَّا مَرفوعًا بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n٥٦٠١ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦١٢ - منتخب) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. والدارقطني ١/ ٣٨٩ من طريق ابن الهاد به. والطبراني (١١٥٢٦) من طريق أبى أويس المدنى به.\n(^٣) مشيخة ابن طهمان (١٩٤). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٠٩٧: حسين هو المعلم، فأما حسين بن عبد اللَّه فاختلف قول ابن معين في تضعيفه، وقال النسائي: متروك الحديث، وقال ابن سعد: كثير الوهم، لم أرهم يحتجون بحديثه.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٠٧).","vol":"6","page":205},{"text":"حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا مَرفوعًا، وإِلَّا فهو عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان إذا نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا في السَّفَرِ فأَعجَبَه المَنزِلُ أقامَ فيه حَتَّى يَجمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ ثُمَّ يَرتَحِلُ، فإِذا لَم يَتَهَيّأْ له المَنزِلُ مَدَّ في السَّيرِ (^١) فسارَ فأَخَّرَ الظُّهرَ حَتَى يأتِىَ المَنزِلَ الَّذِى يُريدُ أن يَجمَعَ فيه بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، [حدثنا عارِمٌ] (^٣)، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، لا أعلَمُه إلَّا مَرفوعًا، قال عارِمٌ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَ به حَمّادٌ قال: كان إذا سافَرَ فنَزَلَ مَنزِلًا فأَعجَبَه المَنزِلُ أقامَ فيه حَتَّى يَجمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ.\n\n٥٦٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا كُنتُم سائرينَ فنَبا بِكُم المَنزِلُ فسيروا حَتَّى تُصيبوا مَنزِلًا تَجمَعونَ بَينَهُما، وإِن كُنتُم نُزولًا فعَجِلَ بكُم أمرٌ فاجمَعوا بَينَهُما ثُمَّ ارتَحِلوا (^٤).\n\n٥٦٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"السفر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩١) من طريق حماد به. قال ابن حجر: مشكوك في رفعه، والصحيح أنه موقوف. فتح الباري ٢/ ٥٨٣.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣: \"بن عازم\"، وفي م: \"عن عارم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (١١٤٦) من طريق حجاج به، وفيه: \"فنابكم\".","vol":"6","page":206},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غابَت له الشَّمسُ بمَكَّةَ فجَمَعَ بَينَهُما بسَرِفَ (^١).\nورُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ الحِمّانِىِّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢)، ورَواه الأجلَحُ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامٍ جارُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ (^٤) عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: بَينَهُما عَشْرَةُ أميالٍ يَعنِى بَينَ مَكَّةَ وسَرِفَ (^٥).\nوالجَمعُ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ بعُذرِ السَّفَرِ مِنَ الأُمورِ المَشهورَةِ المُستَعمَلَةِ فيما بَينَ الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ - ﵃ - أجمَعينَ، مَعَ الثّابِتِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ عن أصحابِه، ثُمَّ ما أجمَعَ محَلَيه المُسلِمونَ مِن جَمعِ النّاسِ بعَرَفَةَ ثُمَّ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ.\n\n٥٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أعجَلَه السَّيرُ في\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢١٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٩٢) من طريق يحيى بن محمد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦١).\n(^٢) ذكره ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٨٢ عن الحمانى.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٧٤) من طريق الأجلح به.\n(^٤) في م: \"حدثنا ابن\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٢١٦). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٢): مقطوع.","vol":"6","page":207},{"text":"السَّفَرِ يُؤَخِّرُ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ حَتَّى يَجمَعَ بَينَها وبَينَ العِشاءِ. قال سالِمٌ: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ إذا أعجَلَه السَّيرُ؛ يُقيمُ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ فيُصَلّيها ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ، ثُمَّ قَلَّمَا يَلبَثُ حَتَّى يُقيمَ صَلاةَ العِشاءِ ويُصَلّيها رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ، ولا يُسَبِّحُ بَينَهُما برَكعَةٍ، ولا يُسَبِّحُ بَعدَ العِشاءِ بسَجدَةٍ حَتَّى يَقومَ مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال لِسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: ما أشَدُّ ما رأَيتَ أباكَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخَّرَ المَغرِبَ في السَّفَرِ؟ قال: غَرَبَت له الشَّمسُ بذاتِ الجَيشِ فصَلَّاها بالعَقيقِ (^٣).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وزاد فيه: ثَمانيَةَ أميالٍ (^٤). ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وزادَ فيه: قال: قُلتُ: أىُّ ساعَةٍ تِلكَ؟ قال: قَد ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيلِ أو رُبُعُه (^٥). ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن نافِعٍ قال: فسارَ أميالًا ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى. قال يَحيَى: وذَكَرَ لِى نافِعٌ هذا الحديثَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى فقالَ: سارَ قَريبًا مِن رُبُعِ اللَّيلِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٩١) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠٩١، ١١٠٩).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٤٦. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٤٣) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢١٠١) عن الثوري به.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة للمصنف عقب (١٦٤٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٧٨) عن يزيد به.","vol":"6","page":208},{"text":"٥٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يَجمَعُ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ في السَّفَرِ، ويَقولُ: هِىَ سُنَّةٌ (^١).\n\n٥٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنِى الجُرَيرِىُّ وسُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: كان سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ إذا عَجِلَ بهِمُ السَّيرُ جَمَعا بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، وبَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ (^٢).\nوَرُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، ورُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ رَضِىَ اللهُ تَعالَى عَنهُم (^٣).\n\n٥٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ: هَل يُجمَعُ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ في السَّفَرِ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، لا بأْسَ بذَلِكَ، ألَم تَرَ إلَى صَلاةِ النّاسِ بعَرَفَةَ (^٤)؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٨٢٦) من طريق سعيد، بلفظ: من السنة الجمع بين الصلاتين في السفر.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٤٠٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٨٣١٢) من طريق سليمان التيمى بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (٨٣١٧) من طريق الجريرى به بذكر أسامة وحده.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٤٠٦)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٨٣٠٨).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٤٥، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٤٤١٤).","vol":"6","page":209},{"text":"٥٦١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ ورَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ وأَبِى الزِّنادِ في أمثالٍ لَهُم خَرَجوا إلَى الوَليدِ كان أرسَلَ إلَيهِم ليَستَفتيَهم في شَئٍ، فكانوا يَجمَعونَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1187>بابُ الجَمعِ في المَطَرِ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ</span>\n\n٥٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا، [والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ جَميعًا] (^٢)، في غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ. قال مالكٌ: أُرَى ذَلِكَ كان في مَطَرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ٤٦، ٤٧ من طريق أبى الحسين به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٤٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٠٥، ومالك ١/ ١٤٤، ومن طريقه النسائي (٦٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٢)، وابن حبان (١٥٩٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٢١٠) عن عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى.","vol":"6","page":210},{"text":"٥٦١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ (^١) الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ مالكٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ: في غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ. إلَّا أنَّهُما لَم يَذكُرا المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ، وقالا: بالمَدينَةِ. ورَواه أيضًا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ. وخالَفَهُم قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ في الحديث: في سَفْرَةٍ سافَرَها إلَى تَبوكَ.\nأمّا حَديثُ زُهَيرٍ:\n\n٥٦١٤ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا بالمَدينَةِ في غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ. قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ: فسأَلتُ سعيدًا: لِمَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ كما سأَلتَنِى، فقالَ: أرادَ ألَّا يُحرِجَ أحَدًا مِن أُمَّتِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٣: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٥١٨)، وعنه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٥٨٥) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"6","page":211},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ (^١) بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ:\n\n٥٦١٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مِنهالٍ، قال: حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَمعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بالمَدينَةِ في غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ (^٣).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ:\n\n٥٦١٦ - فأَخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا علىٌّ هو ابنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ثَمانيًا جَميعًا وسَبعًا جَميعًا (^٤).\n\n٥٦١٧ - وقال علىٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا به سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَه. فقُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: لِمَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: أرادَ ألَّا يُحرِجَ أُمَّتَه. وزادَ سفيانُ مَرَّةً في حَديثِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ: غَيرَ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢١٠) عن حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٥٦٢٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أحمد بدون الزيادة المذكورة.","vol":"6","page":212},{"text":"وأَمّا حَديثُ هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ:\n\n٥٦١٨ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: جَمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ في المَدينَةِ، مِن غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا سَفَرٍ. قُلتُ: لِمَ تَرَى يا ابنَ عباسٍ؟ قال: أرادَ ألَّا يُحرِجَ أُمَّتَه (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ قُرَّةَ بنِ خالِدٍ بخِلافِ هَؤُلاءِ:\n\n٥٦١٩ - فأَخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ عليٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفْرَةٍ سافَرَها في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ فجَمَعَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ. فقُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: ما حَمَلَه على ذَلِكَ؟ قال: أرادَ ألَّا يُحرِجَ أُمَّتَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبٍ (^٣). وكأَنَّ قُرَّةَ بنَ خالِدٍ أرادَ حَديثَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٥١٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٦٧) من طريق قرة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥١).","vol":"6","page":213},{"text":"أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ عن مُعاذٍ، فهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِه، أو رَوَى سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ الحديثَينِ جَميعًا، فسَمِعَ قُرَّةُ أحَدَهُما، ومَن تَقَدَّمَ ذِكرُه الآخَرَ، وهَذا (^١) أشبَهُ، فقَد رَوَى قُرَّةُ حَديثَ أبى الطُّفَيلِ أيضًا (^٢).\nورَواه حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، فخالَفَ أبا الزُّبَيرِ في مَتنِهِ:\n\n٥٦٢٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ قالا: حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَمَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ، بالمَدينَةِ في غَيرِ خَوفٍ ولا مَطَرٍ. قيلَ له: فماذا أرادَ بذَلِكَ؟ قال: أرادَ ألَّا يُحرِجَ أُمَّتَه. قال وكيعٌ في حَديثِه: قال سعيدٌ: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: لِمَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: كَى لا يُحرِجَ أُمَّتَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"هذه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٩٧)، ومسلم (٧٠٦/ ٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦٦)، وابن حبان (١٥٩١) من طريق قرة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٣) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (١٢١١)، والترمذي (١٨٧)، والنسائي (٦٠١) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"6","page":214},{"text":"أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، و(^١) عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٢)، ولَم يُخرِجْه البخاريُّ مَعَ كَونِ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ مِن شَرطِه، ولَعَلَّه إنَّما أعرَضَ عنه - واللهُ أعلَمُ - لِما فيه مِنَ الاختِلافِ على سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ في مَتنِه.\nورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ أولَى أن تَكونَ مَحفوظَةً؛ فقَد رَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبى الشَّعثاءِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، بقَريبٍ مِن مَعنَى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٥٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بالمَدينَةِ سَبعًا وثَمانيًا؛ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ، والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٤)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وزادَ في آخِرِه: فقالَ أيّوبُ: لَعَلَّه في لَيلَةٍ مَطيرَةٍ؟ فقالَ: عَسَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢١٤) عن سليمان بن حرب ومسدد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٨٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٦).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٣، م: \"عيسى\".\nوالحديث عند البخاري (٥٤٣). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٠٠: وقيل: كان جمعا صوريا.","vol":"6","page":215},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه حَمَلَه على تأْخيرِ الظُّهرِ إلَى آخِرِ وقتِها وتَعجيلِ العَصرِ في أوَّلِ وقتِها:\n\n٥٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ وعُثمانُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البِرتِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَمانيًا جَميعًا وسَبعًا جَميعًا. قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا الشَّعثاءِ، أُراه أخَّرَ الظُّهرَ وعَجَّلَ العَصرَ، وأَخَّرَ المَغرِبَ وعَجَّلَ العِشاءَ. قال: وأَنا أظُنُّ ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ واللَّفظُ لأَبِى الرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرّيتِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: خَطَبَنا ابنُ عباسٍ يَومًا بَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وبَدَتِ النُّجومُ، فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يَقولونَ: الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ. قال: فجاءَه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"اليزنى\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ١٣٣.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٣٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٨)، والنسائي (٥٨٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١١٧٤)، ومسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٥).","vol":"6","page":216},{"text":"رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ لا يَفتُرُ: الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ. فقالَ: أتُعَلِّمُنِى السُّنَّةَ لا أُمَّ لَكَ؟! ثُمَّ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَجمَعُ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، والمَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَقيقٍ: فحاكَ في صَدرِى مِن ذَلِكَ شَئٌ، فأَتَيتُ أبا هريرةَ فسأَلتُه، فصدَّقَ مَقالَتَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ حُدَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ العُقَيلِىِّ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لابنِ عباسٍ: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قال: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قال: الصَّلاةَ. فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قال: لا أُمَّ لَكَ! تُعَلِّمُنا بالصَّلاةِ؟! كُنّا نَجمَعُ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٤).\nولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِن هَذَينِ الوَجهَينِ الثّابِتَينِ عنه - نَفىُ المَطَرِ ولا نَفىُ السَّفَرِ، فهو مَحمولٌ على أحَدِهِما، أو على ما أوَّلَه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ؛ فلَيسَ في رِوايَتِهِما ما يَمنَعُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٩٣) من طريق عمران به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٠٥/ ٥٨).","vol":"6","page":217},{"text":"ذَلِكَ التّأْويلَ.\nوقَد رُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ الجَمعَ في المَطَرِ، وذَلِكَ يُؤَكِّدُ تأْويلَ مَن أوَّلَه بالمَطَرِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ:\nأمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\nفقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ في القَديمِ: أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خُبَيبٍ (^١)، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ جَمَعَ بَينَهُما في المَطَرِ قَبلَ الشَّفَقِ (^٢).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٥٦٢٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا جَمَعَ الأُمَراءُ (^٣) بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ جَمَعَ مَعَهُمَ (^٤) في لَيلَةِ المَطَرِ (^٥). ورَواه العُمَرِىُّ عن نافِعٍ فقالَ: قَبلَ الشَّفَقِ (^٦).\n\n٥٦٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"حبيب\" وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٢٥.\n(^٢) الشافعي - كما في المعرفة للمصنف عقب (١٦٤٨).\n(^٣) سقط من: س.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بهم\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ١٤٥، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٤٤٣٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٢١) من طريق عبيد الله العمرى به.","vol":"6","page":218},{"text":"عُمَرَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، أنَّ أباه عُروةَ وسَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ المَخزومِىَّ، كانوا يَجمَعونَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ في اللَّيلَةِ المَطيرَةِ إذا جَمَعوا بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ ولا يُنكِرونَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٥٦٢٧ - وبِإسنادِه، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كان يَجمَعُ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ إذا كان المَطَرُ، وأَنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ وأَبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومَشيَخَةَ ذَلِكَ الزَّمانِ، كانوا يُصَلُّونَ مَعَهُم ولا يُنكِرونَ ذَلِكَ.\nبابُ ذِكرِ الأثَرِ الَّذِى رُوِىَ في أنَّ الجَمعَ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ مِنَ الكَبائرِ، مَعَ ما دَلَّت عَلَيه أخبارُ المَواقيتِ\n\n٥٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ (^٢)، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: جَمعُ الصَّلاتَينِ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ مِنَ الكَبائرِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٣٢٣) من طريق سليمان بن بلال بنحوه.\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"بن الحسين\". خطأ، فهو أسيد بن عاصم بن عبد الله أبو الحسين. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٣٧٧، ٣٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٥) من طريق قتادة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٨٣٢٩) من طريق أبى العالية به.","vol":"6","page":219},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ في سُنَنِ حَرمَلَةَ: العُذرُ يَكونُ بالسَّفَرِ والمَطَرِ، ولَيسَ هذا بثابِتٍ عن عُمَرَ، هو مُرسَلٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال الشَّافِعِىُّ، والإسنادُ المَشهورُ لِهَذا الأثَرِ ما ذَكَرنا وهو مُرسَلٌ؛ أبو العاليَةِ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بإسنادٍ آخَرَ قَد أشارَ الشافِعِىُّ إلَى مَتنِه في بَعضِ كُتُبِه:\n\n٥٦٢٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الرَّمْجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ صَبِيحٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ يَعنِى العَدَوِىَّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ إلَى عامِلٍ له: ثَلاثٌ مِنَ الكَبائرِ؛ الجَمعُ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ إلَّا مِن عُذرٍ، والفِرارُ مِنَ الزَّحفِ، والنُّهْبَى (^٣). أبو قَتادَةَ العَدَوِىُّ أدرَكَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فإِن كان شَهِدَه كَتَبَ فهو مَوصولٌ، وإِلَّا فهو إذا انضَمَّ إلَى الأوَّلِ صارَ قَويًّا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مَوصولٌ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في إسنادِه مَن لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ:\n\n٥٦٣٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٦٤٦) عن الشافعي.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٠١: بلى سمع منه.\n(^٣) النهبى: اسم مبنى على فعلى من النهب كالرُّغبى من الرغبة. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٩٦.\nوالأثر أخرجه محمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ١/ ١٦٥، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٢٠٨) من طريق حميد بن هلال به، وعنده الاقتصار على ذكر الصلاة.","vol":"6","page":220},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن حَنَشٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"جَمعٌ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ مِنَ الكَبائرِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ نُعَيمٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ: \"مَن جَمَعَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ فقَد أتَى بابًا مِن أبوابِ الكَبائرِ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به حُسَينُ بنُ قَيسٍ أبو عليٍّ الرَّحَبِىُّ المَعروفُ بحَنَشٍ، وهو ضَعيفٌ عِندَ أهلِ النَّقلِ لا يُحتَجُّ بخَبَرِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٥٥٦ من طريق إسماعيل الصفار به. وابن شاهين في ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (٢٤٥) من طريق عبيد بن شريك به. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٢٠٧) من طريق نعيم به. والدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٥ من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. والترمذي (١٨٨) من طريق معتمر بن سليمان به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (٢٨): ضعيف جدا.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٩٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٦٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٤٦٥، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٤٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ٣٦٤. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٧٨: متروك.","vol":"6","page":221},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1188>كتابُ الجُمُعةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]. وقال: ﴿وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ﴾ [البروج: ٣].\n\n٥٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أَبو الحسين علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عَمَّارٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -: ﴿وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ﴾ قال: الشّاهِدُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، والمَشهودُ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ (^١).\n\n٥٦٣٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ زَيدٍ ويونُسَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ يُحَدِّثانِ عن عَمّارٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ - أمّا علىٌّ فرَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وأَمّا يونُسُ فلَم يَعْدُ أبا هريرةَ - في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ﴾ قال: \"الشّاهِدُ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ ويَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، والمَشهودُ هو (^٢) المَوعودُ يَومُ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزَّارُ بالطّابَرانِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٧٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"اليوم\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥١٩ - وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين - وأحمد (٧٩٧٢).","vol":"6","page":223},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، أخبرَنِى أيّوبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اليَومُ المَوعودُ يَومُ القيامَةِ، والشّاهِدُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، والمَشهودُ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ\" (^١).\n\n٥٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى شُعَيبٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ المَدَنِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجِ مَولَى رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، مِمّا ذَكَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ به عن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَحنُ الآخِرونَ السّابِقونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، بَيْدَ أنَّهُم أُوتُوا الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا وأُوتِيناه مِن بَعدِهِم، ثُمَّ هذا يَومُهُمُ الَّذِى فُرِضَ عَلَيهِم فاختَلَفوا فيه، فهَدانا اللهُ له، والنّاسُ لَنا فيه تَبَعٌ؛ اليَهودُ غَدًا والنَّصارَى بعدَ غَدٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٤٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٣٣٩) من طريق روح به، وقال: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٠٢: موسى واهٍ.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٥٣٣) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٧٦).","vol":"6","page":224},{"text":"الزِّنادِ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَحنُ الآخِرونَ ونَحنُ السّابِقونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، بايدَ (^١) أنَّ كُلَّ أُمَّةٍ أوتيَتِ الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا وأُوتِيناه مِن بَعدِهِم، ثُمَّ هذا اليَومُ الَّذِى كَتَبَه اللهُ عَلَينا هَدانا اللهُ له، والنّاسُ لَنا فيه تَبَعٌ؛ اليَهودُ غَدًا والنَّصارَى بعدَ غَدٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٣٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، وابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَحنُ الآخِرونَ ونَحنُ السّابِقونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ - قال أحَدُهُما: بايدَ. وقال الآخَرُ: بَيدَ - أنَّهُم أوتوا الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا، وأُوتِيناه مِن بَعدِهِم، ثُمَّ هذا اليَومُ الَّذِى كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم فاختَلَفوا فيهِ، فهَدانا اللهُ له، والنّاسُ لَنا فيه تَبَعٌ؛ اليَهودُ غَدًا والنَّصارَى بعدَ غَدٍ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ حَوالَةً على ما قَبلَه (^٥)، وفِي الَّذِى قَبلَه قال: \"عَلَينا\"، وفِي هذا قال: \"عَلَيهِم\"\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س. وبايد وبيد كلاهما بمعنى. ينظر تاج العروس ٧/ ٤٥٤ (ب ى د).\n(^٢) الحميدي (٩٥٤)، وأحمد (٧٣١٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٥٥/ ١٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٩٩)، والنسائي (١٣٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٢٠) من طريق سفيان به. والبخاري (٣٤٨٦) من طريق ابن طاوس به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٥٥/. . .).","vol":"6","page":225},{"text":"كما رُوّينا ولَم يُمَيِّزْ ذَلِكَ، ولَعَّلَ \"عَلَيهِم\" أصَحُّ لِموافَقَةِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ ومالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ على ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٥٦٣٧ - ولِما حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى ورقاءُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فهَذا يَومُهُم الَّذِى افتُرِضَ عَلَيهِم\".\n\n٥٦٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ، عن محمدٍ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَحنُ (^٢) الآخِرونَ السّابِقونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، بَيدَ أنَّهُم أوتوا الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا وأوتيناه مِن بَعدِهِم، فهَذا يَومُهُم الَّذِى فُرِضَ عَلَيهِم فاختَلَفوا فيه، فهَدانا اللهُ له، فهُم لَنا فيه تَبَعٌ، فاليَهودُ غَدًا والنَّصارَى بعدَ غدٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٥٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن خزيمة عقب (١٧٢٠) عن مالك.\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٣، م: \"الأولون و\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٢٧)، وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ٨٢، ٨٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٠٧)، والبخاري (٦٦٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧٨٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٥٥/ ٢١).","vol":"6","page":226},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَخْتَرِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا فُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الوَليدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على مِنبَرِه يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، توبوا إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ قبلَ أن تَموتوا، وبادِروا بالأعمالِ الصّالِحَةِ، وصِلُوا الَّذِى بَينَكُم وبَينَ رَبِّكُم بكَثرَةِ ذِكرِكُم له، وكَثرَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ في السِّرِّ والعَلانيَةِ، تُؤجَروا وتُحمَدوا وتُرزَقوا، واعلَموا أن اللَّهَ ﷿ قَدْ فرَضَ عَلَيكُمُ الجُمُعَة فريضَةً مَكتوبَةً، في مَقامِى هذا في شَهرِى هذا في عامِى هذا إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ مَن وجَدَ إلَيها سَبيلًا، فَمَن تَرَكَها في حَياتِى أو بَعدِى جُحودًا بها واستِخفافًا بها ولَه إمامٌ عادِلٌ أو جائرٌ فلا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ له شَملَه (^١)، ولا بارَكَ له في أمرِه، ألا ولا صَلاةَ له، ألا ولا وُضوءَ له، ألا ولا زَكاةَ له، ألا ولا حَجَّ له، ألا ولا برَّ (^٢) له حَتَّى يَتوبَ، فإِن تابَ تابَ اللهُ عَلَيه، ألا ولا تَؤُمَّنَّ امرأةٌ رَجُلًا، ألا ولا يَؤُمَّنَّ أعرابِىٌّ مُهاجِرًا، ألا ولا يَؤُمَّنَّ فاجِرٌ مُؤمِنًا، إلا أن يَقهَرَه سلطانٌ يَخافُ سَيفَه وسَوطَه\" (^٣). عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حمدٍ هو العَدَوِىُّ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ لا يُتابَعُ في حَديثِه (^٤)، قالَه محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىُّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ألا\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣، م: \"وتر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٨١) من طريق الوليد بن بكير به. وعبد بن حميد (١١٣٤ - منتخب) من طريق على بن زيد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٠٣: والخبر لا يصح من وجوه.\n(^٤) عبد الله بن محمد العدوى التميمي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٠٢، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٤٨: متروك رماه وكيع بالوضع.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٩٠، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٩٦، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٧٠.","vol":"6","page":227},{"text":"ورَوَى كاتِبُ اللَّيثِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ يَزيدَ، وأبو يَحيَى الوَقَارُ عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ الدّائمِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن زُهرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، مَعنَى هذا في الجُمُعَةِ (^١). وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1189>بابُ التَّشديدِ على مَن تَخَلَّفَ عن الجُمُعَةِ مِمَّن وجَبَت عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٥٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن أخيه زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى الحَكَمُ بنُ مِيناءَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وأَبا هريرةَ حَدَّثاه أنَّهُما سَمِعا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ وهو على أعوادِ مِنبَرِه: \"لَيَنْتَهيَنَّ أقوامٌ عن وَدْعِهِمُ الجُمُعاتِ، أو لَيَختِمَنَّ اللهُ على قُلوبِهِم، ثُمَّ لَيَكونُنَّ مِن الغافِلينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانِىِّ عن أبي تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعِ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٤١ - ورَواه أبانٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن الحَضرَمِىِّ بنِ لاحِقٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مِيناءَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ وابنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثانِ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أو لَيُختَمَنَّ على قُلوبِهِم\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدَ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ٩١٤، وابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٢٨٠ من طريق أبى يحيى الوقار به.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٥٧). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٦١١) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٦٥٩) من طريق زيد بن سلام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٦٥/ ٤٠).","vol":"6","page":228},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو (^١) أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أبانٌ العَطّارُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٥٦٤٢ - وخالَفَه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، فرَواه عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أنَّ أبا سَلَّامٍ حَدَّثَ، أنَّ الحَكَمَ بنَ مِيناءَ حَدَّثَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ حَدَّثا، أنَّهُما سَمِعا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ لَفظِ حَديثِ أبانٍ العَطّارِ (^٣). ورِوايَةُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ سَلَّامٍ عن أخيه زَيدٍ أولَى أن تَكونَ مَحفوظَةً، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لِقَومٍ يَتَخَلَّفونَ عن الجُمُعَةِ: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٠) من طريق أبان العطار به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٦٥٩) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير، كلاهما عن زيد عن أبي سلام عن الحكم به. والنسائى (١٣٦٩) من طريق أبان عن يحيى عن الحضرمى عن زيد عن أبي سلام عن الحكم به.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٠٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٢) من طريق هشام به. وابن ماجه (٧٩٤) من طريق هشام عن يحيى عن الحكم به.","vol":"6","page":229},{"text":"رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ، ثُمَّ أُحَرِّقَ على رِجالٍ يَتَخَلَّفونَ عن الجُمُعَةِ بُيوتَهُم\" (^١). لَيسَ في حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ: \"بُيوتَهُم\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عَبيدَةَ بنِ سُفيانَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبي الجَعدِ الضَّمْرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ تَهاوُنًا بها طَبَعَ اللهُ على قَلبِه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1190>بابُ مَن تَجِبُ عَلَيه الجُمُعَةُ</span>\n\n٥٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الأحرَزِ (^٤) محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ التِّرمِذِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ المِصرِىُّ مَولَى بَنِى مَخزومٍ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ القِتْبانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عَيّاشُ بنُ عباسٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن حَفصَةَ - ﵂ -، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٥٨). وتقدم في (٤٩٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٥٢/ ٢٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٠٥٢)، والترمذي (٥٠٠)، والنسائي (١٣٦٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٥٨) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٤) في س: \"الأحور\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ٨.","vol":"6","page":230},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ رَواحُ الجُمُعَةِ، وعَلَى مَن راحَ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ الغُسلُ\" (^١).\n\n٥٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُرَيمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجُمُعَةُ حَقٌّ واجِبٌ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ في جَماعَةٍ إلا أربَعَةً (^٢)؛ عبدٌ مَملوكٌ، أوِ امرأةٌ، أو صَبِىٌّ، أو مَريضٌ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: طارِقُ بنُ شِهابٍ قَد رأَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - ولَم يَسمَعْ مِنه شَيئًا.\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ العِجْلُ (^٤)، عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ العَظيمِ، فوَصَلَه بذِكرِ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ فيه (^٥)، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ؛ فقَد رَواه غَيرُ العباسِ أيضًا عن إسحاقَ دونَ ذِكرِ أبى موسَى فيهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٢١) من طريق ابن بكير به. وأبو داود (٣٤٢)، والنسائي (١٣٧٠)، وابن حبان (١٢٢٠) من طريق المفضل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٠).\n(^٢) يجوز في \"أربعة\" الجر على أن \"إلا\" بمعنى غير. واستحسن ابن حجر نصبها على الاستثناء، وكذا السيوطي. ينظر مشكاة المصابيح ٤/ ٨٩٩، والتيسير بشرح الجامع الصغير ١/ ٩٩٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٣٦)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٧)، وسيأتي في (٥٦٩٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٤٢).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٣، م: \"العجلى\". وهو كذلك في النسخة المطبوعة من المستدرك والمعرفة. وهو أبو على الحسين بن محمد بن حاتم، لقَّبه يحيى بن معين بعبيد العجل. ينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٥٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٩٠، ٩١.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٨ - وعنه المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٦٣)، والمعرفة (١٦٧٨) - من طريق عبيد بن محمد به.","vol":"6","page":231},{"text":"٥٦٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سَلَمَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخَطْمِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى وائلٍ يقولُ: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تجِبُ الجُمُعَةُ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ إلا امرأةٍ أو صَبِىٍّ أو مَملوكٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1191>بابُ وُجوبِ الجُمُعَةِ على مَن كان خارِجَ المِصرِ في مَوضِعٍ يَبلُغُه النِّداءُ</span>\n\n٥٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ حَدَّثَه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: كان النّاسُ يَنتابونَ (^٢) الجُمُعَةِ مِن مَنازِلِهِم ومِنَ العَوالِى (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n٥٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٦٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٨٩. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٠٥: إبراهيم واه.\n(^٢) ينتابون الجمعة: أي يحضرونها نوبًا، والانتياب افتعال من النوبة. فتح الباري ٢/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٥٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٥٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (٥٧٣٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٠٢)، ومسلم (٨٤٧/ ٦).","vol":"6","page":232},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ ابنِ نُبَيهٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ هارونَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجُمُعَةُ على مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ\" (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ جَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ مَقصورًا على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، لَم يَذكُروا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، وإِنَّما أسنَدَه قَبيصَةُ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سعيدٍ هذا هو الطّائفِىُّ ثِقَةٌ.\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ:\n\n٥٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما الجُمُعَةُ على مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ\" (^٢). هَكَذا ذَكَرَه الدّارَقُطنِىُّ ﵀ في كِتابِه بهَذا الإسنادِ مَرفوعًا. ورُوِىَ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن عمرٍو كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٥٦٥١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٥٦). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣٣): ضعيف والصحيح وقفه.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٦. ضعفه العينى في عمدة القارى ٦/ ١٩٨ وكذا رواية حجاج.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٦ من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"6","page":233},{"text":"زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: إنَّما تَجِبُ الجُمُعَةُ على مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ، فمَن سَمِعَه فلَم يأْتِه فقَد عَصَى رَبَّه. وهَذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٥٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له\" (^١).\nتابَعَه قُرادٌ أبو نوحٍ عن شُعبَةَ في رَفعِه، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢). وخالَفَهُما غَيرُهُما مِنَ الثِّقاتِ:\n\n٥٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له إلَّا مِن عُذرٍ. فذَكَروه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٩٣)، وابن حبان (٢٠٦٤) من طريق هشيم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٦٤٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٠٠٣).","vol":"6","page":234},{"text":"مَوقوفًا على (^١) ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\nورَواه مَغراءُ العَبدِىُّ عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٥٦٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن سمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له\" (^٤).\n\n٥٦٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه مَرفوعًا.\nورُوِىَ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ - ﵁ - مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا:\n\n٥٦٥٦ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فارِغًا صَحيحًا فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو بكر الدينورى في المجالسة وجواهر العلم (٣٣٦٩، ٣٣٧٠) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٥١) من طريق مغراء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥١٥) دون جملة العذر.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو بكر الدينورى في المجالسة وجواهر العلم (٣٣٦٨)، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٤٣٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن إسحاق به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٦ من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"6","page":235},{"text":"٥٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ [رِبْحٍ البَزّازُ] (^١)، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه قال: مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صلاةَ له إلَّا مِن عُذرٍ (^٢). مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٥٦٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبْرِقانِ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَصينٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: مَن سَمِعَ الأذانَ فارِغًا صحيحًا ثُمَّ لَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ لَه. كَذا قال: عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي بُردَةَ. ولا أُراه إلَّا وهْمًا.\n\n٥٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَيّانَ، عن أبيه قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لا صلاةَ لِجارِ المَسجِدِ إلَّا في المَسجِدِ. قيلَ: ومَن جارُ المَسجِدِ؟ قال: مَن أسمَعَه المُنادِى (^٣).\n\n٥٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: تَجِبُ الجُمُعَةُ على مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"رمح البزار\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٧٩) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٠٠٥، ٥٠٠٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٦٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٢.","vol":"6","page":236},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1192>بابُ مَن أتَى الجُمُعَةَ مِن أبعَدَ مِن ذَلِكَ اختيارًا</span>\nيُذكَرُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان يأْتِى مِنَ الزَّاوِيَةِ على فرسَخَينِ مِنَ البَصرَةِ ليَشهَدَ الجُمُعَةَ، وأَحيانًا لا يَشهَدُها (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَد كان سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ وأبو هريرةَ يَكونانِ بالشَّجَرَةِ على أقَلَّ مِن سِتَّةِ أميالٍ فيَشهَدانِ الجُمُعَةَ ويَدَعانِها. قال: ويُروَى أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ كان على ميلَينِ مِنَ الطّائفِ فيَشهَدُ الجُمُعَةَ ويَدَعُها (^٢).\n\n٥٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان يأْتِى الجُمُعَةَ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ يَمشِى وهو على رأْسِ سِتَّةِ أميالٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى سَبرَةُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أنَّ أهلَ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١١٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٦٥)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٢.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٤٤٥).","vol":"6","page":237},{"text":"كانوا يُجمِّعونَ (^١) مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وذَلِكَ على مَسِيرَةِ سِتَّةِ أميالٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٦٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِى الأوزاعِىُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: كان أهلُ مِنًى يَحضُرونَ الجُمُعَةَ بمَكَّةَ.\n\n٥٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ مِشحَلٍ (^٣) مَولَى أبي هريرةَ قال: كان أبو هريرةَ بالشَّجَرَةِ فتَحضُرُ الجُمُعَةُ فلا يَنزِلُ إلَيها وعِندَه دَوابُّ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّ النُّزولَ كان للاختيارِ.\nوذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ إلَى أنَّ مَن آواه اللَّيلُ إلَى أهلِه عِندَ انصِرافِه فعَلَيه الحُضورُ:\n\n٥٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ الخِضرِ (^٥) الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ مِن كِتابِه اَخِرَ مَجلِسٍ جَلَسَه ثُمَّ ماتَ قال: أخبرَنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يجتمعون\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥١٥١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٢٥، ٥١٢٧).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"مسجل\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٦٨.\n(^٥) في الأصل، م: \"الحسن\". والمثبت هو الصواب. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٠١، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكي ٣/ ١٤.","vol":"6","page":238},{"text":"السُّلَمِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إنَّما الغُسلُ على مَن تَجِبُ عَلَيه الجُمُعَةُ، والجُمُعَةُ على مَن يأْتِى أهلَه (^١).\n\n٥٦٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو هو الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أمَرَ أهلَ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ بحُضورِ الجُمُعَةِ بالمَدينَةِ، فكانوا يُجَمِّعونَ بها (^٢). قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمروٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ مِثلَه (^٣). قال الوَليدُ: فقُلتُ لأَبِى عمرٍو: على مَن تَجِبُ الجُمُعَةُ؟ قال: على مَن آواه اللَّيلُ إلَى أهلِه عِندَ انصرافِه مِنها، كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٥٦٦٧ - قال الوَليدُ: وأَخبَرَنِى إسماعيلُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ يقولُ: الجُمُعَةُ على مَن آبَ (^٥) إلَى أهلِه. وأنَّه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠١٥)، وسقط من مطبوعته: حدثني أحمد بن الخضر الشافعي، حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد الحافظ. كما وقع فيه: \"مهدى\". بدل: \"ابن مهدى\". وعلقه البخاري عقب (٨٩٣)، وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ٢١ بشطره الأول من طريق نافع به. وصحح إسناده ابن حجر في الفتح ٢/ ٣٨٢، وفى التغليق ٢/ ٣٥٣. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (١٤٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٠١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (٥١٨٠) من طريق أبى بكر ابن حزم به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥١٨١).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١١١) بلفظ: الجمعة على من آواه المراح.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"أتى\".","vol":"6","page":239},{"text":"كان يقولُ في خُطبَتِه: يا أهلَ قَرَدَا (^١)، يا أهلَ راكيَةَ (^٢)، وأَقاصِى الغُوطَةِ (^٣)، وأَدانِى البَثَنِيَّةِ (^٤): الجُمُعَةَ الجُمُعَةَ (^٥). وقَد رُوِىَ في حَديثٍ مُسنَدٍ إلَّا أنَّه ضعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ، ذَكَرناه ليُعرَفَ إسنادُه:\n\n٥٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مسلمٌ، عن المُعارِكِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن عَلِمَ أن اللَّيلَ يُؤْوِيه إلَى أهلِه فليَشهَدِ الجُمُعَةَ\" (^٦). تَفَرَّدَ به مُعارِكُ بنُ عَبّادٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، وقَد قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ﵀: مُعارِكٌ لا أعرِفُه (^٧)، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ هو أبو عَبّادٍ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ مَتروكٌ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) قَرَدَا؛ بالتحريك، كأنه من قرى دمشق. مراصد الاطلاع ٣/ ١٠٧٧.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وعند ابن عساكر: \"زاكية\". وزاكية: قرية من قرى دمشق. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٨٩، ٢٩٠.\n(^٣) الغُوطَة: هي الكورة التي منها دمشق. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٢٥.\n(^٤) البثنية: اسم ناحية من نواحى دمشق، وقيل: هي قرية قريبة من دمشق. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٩٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦١/ ٢٦٩ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٠٢) من طريق معارك به.\n(^٧) ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٧١، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٤٤.\n(^٨) تقدم في (٢٦٧٤).","vol":"6","page":240},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1193>بابُ العَدَدِ الَّذينَ إذا كانوا في قَريَةٍ وجَبَت عَلَيهِم الجُمُعَةُ</span>\n\n٥٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى قِلابَةَ (^١) عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجاءُ (^٢) بن سلَمةَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ (^٣)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أوَّل جُمُعَةٍ جُمِّعَت بَعدَ جُمُعَةٍ جُمِّعَت بالمَدينَةِ جُمُعَةُ البحرَينِ بجُواثا؛ قَريَةٍ مِن قُرَى عبدِ القَيسِ (^٤).\n\n٥٦٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: بَعدَ جُمُعَةٍ في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في (^٥) مَسجِدِ عبدِ القَيسِ بجُواثا مِنَ البحرَينِ (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبي عامِرٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"محمد بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٠١.\n(^٢) في م: \"جابر\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"حمزة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٢٥) عن بندار به. والبخاري (٤٣٧١)، وأبو داود (١٠٦٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به.\n(^٧) البخاري (٨٩٢).","vol":"6","page":241},{"text":"٥٦٧١ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبى أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنتُ قائدَ أبى حينَ كُفَّ بَصَرُه، فإِذا خَرَجتُ به إلَى الجُمُعَةِ فسَمِعَ الأذانَ بها استَغفَرَ لأَبِى أُمامَةَ أسعَدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ، فمَكَثتُ حينًا أسمَعُ ذَلِكَ مِنه، فقُلتُ: إنَّ عَجْزًا ألَّا أسأَلَه عن هذا. فخَرَجتُ به كما كُنتُ أخرُجُ، فلَمّا سَمِعَ الأذانَ بالجُمُعَةِ استَغفَرَ له، فقُلتُ: يا أبَتاه، أرأَيتَ استِغفارَكَ لأسَعدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ كُلَّما سَمِعتَ الأذانَ بالجُمُعَةِ؟ قال: أي بُنَىَّ، كان أسعَدُ أوَّلَ مَن جَمَّعَ بنا بالمَدينَةِ قَبلَ مَقدَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هَزْمٍ مِن حَرَّةِ بَنِى بَياضَةَ في نَقيعٍ يُقالُ له: الخَضِماتُ (^١). قُلتُ: وكَم أنتُم يَومَئذٍ؟ قال: أربَعونَ رَجُلًا (^٢).\n\n٥٦٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ وكانَ قائدَ أبيه بَعدَ ما ذَهَبَ بَصرُه، عن أبيه كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه كان إذا سَمِعَ النِّداءَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ تَرَحَّمَ لأَسْعدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ، فقُلتُ له: إذا سَمِعتَ\n_________\n(^١) الهزم: المتطامى من الأرض، ونقيع الخضمات: موضع بنواحى المدينة. معجم البلدان ٥/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٣٨)، والمعرفة (١٦٦٩)، والحاكم ٣/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٦ من طريق العطاردى به. والطبراني ١٩/ ٩١ (١٧٦) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"6","page":242},{"text":"النِّداءَ تَرَحَّمتَ لأَسعَدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ. قال: لأَنَّه أوَّلُ مَن جَمَّعَ بنا في هَزْمِ النَّبيتِ مِن حَرَّةِ بَنِى بَياضَةَ في نَقيعٍ يُقالُ له: الخَضِماتُ. قُلتُ: كَم كُنتُم يَومَئذٍ؟ قال: أربَعونَ (^١). ورَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبى أُمامَةَ (^٢). كما قال يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ. ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إذا ذَكَرَ سَماعَه في الرِّوايَةِ وكانَ الرّاوِى ثِقَةً استَقامَ الإسنادُ. وهَذا حَديثٌ حَسَنُ الإسنادِ صَحيحٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ آخَرُ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِه:\n\n٥٦٧٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ يُعرَفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ خالِدٍ البالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا خُصَيفٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: مَضتِ السُّنَّةُ أنَّ في كُلِّ ثَلاثَةٍ إمامًا، وفِي كُلِّ أربَعينَ فما فوقَ ذَلِكَ جُمُعَةٌ وفِطرٌ وأَضحًى، وذَلِكَ أنَّهُم جَماعَةٌ. وكَذَلِكَ حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ العَزيزِ القُرَشِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، والاعتِمادُ على ما مَضى، وعَلَى ما يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٦٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٠٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٢٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٥، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨١ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٣، ٤ من طريق إسحاق بن خالد به.\n(^٥) هو عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن الجزرى البالسى أبو الأصبغ وأبو عبد الرحمن، ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٨٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ص ٢١١، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٣٨، =","vol":"6","page":243},{"text":"تَعالَى.\n\n٥٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: كُلُّ قَريَةٍ فيها أربَعونَ رَجُلًا فعَلَيهِم الجُمُعَةُ (^١).\n\n٥٦٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الثِّقَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ المياه فيما بَينَ الشّامِ إلَى مَكَّةَ: جَمِّعوا إذا بَلَغتُم أربَعينَ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الحَلَبِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الحَلَبِىُّ يَعنِى عُبَيدَ بنَ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ يَعنِى الرَّقِّيَّ قال: أتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: إذا بَلَغَ أهلُ القَريَةِ أربَعينَ رَجُلًا فليُجَمِّعوا (^٣).\n\n٥٦٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n= والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٣٠، وضعفاء العقيلى ٣/ ٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٣١، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٣٤.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٧٠)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٧١)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٠.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٦٧١) عن أبي المليح به.","vol":"6","page":244},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ صالِحٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: أيُّما قَريَةٍ اجتَمَعَ فيها خَمسونَ رَجُلًا فليَؤُمَّهُم رَجُلٌ مِنهُم، وليَخطُبْ عَلَيهِم وليُصَلِّ بهِم الجُمُعَةَ.\n\n٥٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سأَلتُ اللَّيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ فقالَ: كُلُّ مَدينَةٍ أو قَريَةٍ فيها جَماعَةٌ وعَلَيهِم أميرٌ أُمِروا بالجُمُعَةِ، فليُجَمِّعْ بهِم، فإن (^١) أهلَ الإسكَندَريَّةِ (^٢) ومَدائنِ مِصرَ ومَدائنِ سَواحِلِها كانوا يُجَمِّعونَ الجُمُعَةَ على عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵄ -، بأَمرِهِما وفيها رِجالٌ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٧٩ - وبِإسنادِه حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى شَيبانُ، حَدَّثَنِى مَولًى لآلِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - عن القُرَى التي بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ: ما تَرَى في الجُمُعَةِ؟ قال: نَعَم، إذا كان عَلَيهِم أميرٌ فليُجَمِّعْ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: إذا كانَت قَريَةٌ لاصِقَةٌ بَعضُها ببَعضٍ جَمَّعوا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"قال\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"الإسكندرانية\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٦٧١) عن الليث به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٦٧١) عن الوليد به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٠٨).","vol":"6","page":245},{"text":"٥٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ - ﵁ - إلَى عَدِىِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ الكِندِىِّ: انظُرْ (^٢) كُلَّ قَريَةٍ أهلَ قَرارٍ لَيسوا هُم بأَهلِ عَمودٍ (^٣) يَنتَقِلونَ، فأَمِّرْ عَلَيهِم أميرًا، ثُمَّ مُرْه فليُجَمِّعْ بهِم (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: والأَشبَهُ بأَقاويلِ السَّلَفِ وأَفعالِهِم في إقامَةِ الجُمُعَةِ في القُرَى التي أهلُها أهلُ قَرارٍ لَيسوا بأَهلِ عَمودٍ يَنتَقِلونَ، أنَّ ذَلِكَ مُرادُ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - بما:\n\n٥٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (^٥)، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لا جُمُعَةَ ولا تَشريقَ إلَّا في مِصرٍ جامِعٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"إلى أهل\".\n(^٣) أي أهل خيام لا يقيمون في بلدة. عمدة القارى ١٩/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٠٧) من طريق ابن برقان به.\n(^٥) بعده في س: \"بن برقان\".\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥١٧٧) من طريق زبيد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٩٦) من طريق سعد بن عبيدة به.","vol":"6","page":246},{"text":"٥٦٨٢ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو [بكرِ ابنُ] (^١) الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ وهبِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ التُّجِيبِىُّ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أُمِّ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّوْسيَّةِ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُل قَريَةٍ، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ فيها إلَّا أربَعَةٌ\". يَعنِى بالقُرَى المَدائنَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن المُوَقَّرِىِّ والحَكَمِ الأَيلِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\nقال الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: لا يَصِحُّ هذا عن الزُّهرِىِّ؛ كُلُّ مَن رَواه عنه مَتروكٌ، والزُّهرِىُّ لا يَصِحُّ سَماعُه مِنَ الدَّوسيَّةِ (^٤).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: وقَد قيلَ فيه (^٥): عن التُّجِيبِىِّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأيلِىِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ. كَذَلِكَ قالَه محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى عن بَقيَّةَ:\n\n٥٦٨٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ سَلْمٍ (^٦)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٨، ٩ من طريق الموقرى والحكم الأيلى به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٨، ٩.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٣، م: \"عنه\".\n(^٦) بياض في: س، وفي م: \"مسلم\". وهو أنس بن سلم الخولانى. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤٦٧ (ترجمة محمد بن مصفى)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٥٤ (ترجمة ابن عدى).","vol":"6","page":247},{"text":"حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ التُّجيبِىُّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أُمِّ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّوْسيَّةِ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُلِّ قَريَةٍ فيها إمامٌ، وإِن لَم يَكونوا إلا أربَعَةً\". حَتَّى ذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - \"ثَلاثَةً\" (^١) الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ مَتروكٌ (^٢)، ومُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، ولا يَصِحُّ هذا عن الزُّهرِىِّ. وقَد رُوِىَ في هذا البابِ حَديثٌ في الخمسين لا يَصِحُّ إسنادُه.\n\n٥٦٨٤ - ويُذكَرُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّ مُصعَبَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ حينَ بَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَدينَةِ جَمَّعَ بهِم وهُم اثنا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا. أَخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ قال: قَرأْتُ على مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبيدِ اللهِ، عن الزُّهرِىَّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nوهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وإِن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ بمَعونَةِ الاثنَى عَشَرَ النُّقَباءِ الَّذينَ بَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في صُحبَتِهِم أو على أثَرِهِم إلَى المَدينَةِ ليُقرِئَ المُسلِمينَ ويُصَلِّىَ بهِم، ثُمَّ عَدَدُ مَن صَلَّى بهِم مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مَذكورٌ في حَديثِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ حينَ أقامَها مُصعَبٌ بإِشارَةِ أسعَدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ ونُصرَتِه إيّاه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٢١. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣٤٠١) عن محمد بن مصفى به.\n(^٢) تقدمت ترجمته (١٨٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدمت ترجمته (١٨٧٩).\n(^٤) المراسيل (٥٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٦٧١، ٥٦٧٢) دون ذكر مصعب.","vol":"6","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1194>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ عَدَدَ الأربَعينَ له تأْثيرٌ فيما يُقصَدُ منهُ (^١) الجَماعَةُ</span>\n\n٥٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ المَسعودِىُّ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: جَمَعنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكُنتُ آخِرَ مَن أتاه ونَحنُ أربَعونَ رَجُلًا، فقالَ: \"إنَّكُم مُصيبونَ ومَنصورونَ ومَفتوحٌ لَكُم، فمَن أدرَكَ ذَلِكَ فلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ، ولْيأْمُرْ بالمَعروفِ، ولْيَنهَ عن المُنكَرِ، وليَصِلِ الرَّحِمَ، مَن كذَبَ علىَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فليتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا الثَّورِىُّ ومِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ عن سِماكٍ (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ مِسعَرٍ: جَمَعَنا نَحوًا مِن أربَعينَ.\n\n٥٦٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في قُبَّةٍ (^٥) نَحوًا مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"به\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"المصرى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٩٤) من طريق المسعودى به. والترمذي (٢٢٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠) من طريق سماك به مختصرًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٠١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) القبة من الخيام: بيت صغير مستدير، وهو من بيوت العرب. النهاية ٤/ ٣.","vol":"6","page":249},{"text":"أربَعينَ، فقالَ: \"أتَرضَونَ أن تَكونوا رُبُعَ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"أتَرضَونَ أن تَكونوا ثُلُثَ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إنِّي لأرجو أن تَكونوا نِصفَ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ؛ وذلكَ أن الجَنَّةَ لا يَدخُلُها إلا نَفسٌ مُسلِمَةٌ، وما أنتُم في الشِّركِ إلَّا كالشَّعَرَةِ البَيضاءِ في جِلدِ الثَّورِ الأسوَدِ، أو كالشَّعَرَةِ السَّوداءِ في جِلدِ الثَّورِ الأحمَرِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٥٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ قالا: حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو صَخرٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه ماتَ ابنٌ له بقُدَيدٍ (^٣) أو بعُسفانَ، فقالَ: يا كُرَيبُ، انظُرْ ما اجتَمَعَ له مِنَ النّاسِ. قال: فخَرَجتُ فإِذا ناسٌ له قَدِ اجتَمَعوا، فأَخبَرتُه فقالَ: [تقولُ: هُم] (^٤) أربَعونَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: اخرُجوا به؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ يَموتُ فيَقومُ على\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٣٢٢)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٥٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٦١)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٨٣) من طريق شعبة به. والبخاري (٦٦٤٢)، ومسلم (٢٢١/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٥٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٢١/ ٣٧٧).\n(^٣) قُديد: واد من أودية الحجاز يقطعه الطريق من مكة إلى المدينة على نحو من ١٢٥ كيلا. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٥٠.\n(^٤) في م: \"يقول وهم\".","vol":"6","page":250},{"text":"جِنازَتِه أربَعونَ رَجُلًا لا يُشرِكونَ باللهِ شَيئًا، إلا شَفَّعَهُمُ اللهُ فيهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1195>بابُ الإمامِ يَمُرُّ بمَوضِعٍ لا تُقامُ فيه الجُمُعَةُ مُسافِرًا</span>\n\n٥٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو العُمَيسِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، آيَةٌ في كِتابِكُم تَقرَءونَها لَو عَلَينا مَعشَرَ اليَهودِ نَزَلَت لاتَّخَذْنا ذَلِكَ اليَومَ عيدًا. قال: وأَىُّ آيَةٍ؟ قال: ﴿الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا﴾ [المائدة: ٣]. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنِّي لأَعلَمُ اليَومَ الَّذِى نَزَلَت فيه؛ والمَكانَ الَّذِى نَزَلَت فيه؛ نَزَلَت على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ في يَوم جمعَةٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عَبْدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، كِلاهُما عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوّينا عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّاها يَومَئذٍ ظُهْرًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (٦٩٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٨/ ٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٤٤٥ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به. وأحمد (١٨٨)، والنسائي (٥٠٢٧) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. والبخاري (٧٢٦٨)، ومسلم (٣٠١٧/ ٣)، والترمذي (٣٠٤٣) من طريق قيس بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥)، ومسلم (٣٠١٧/ ٥).","vol":"6","page":251},{"text":"لا جُمُعَةً:\n\n٥٦٨٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ (^١) اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ ذَكَرَهُم قالوا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الطَّويلَ في الحَجِّ، وفيه: ثُمَّ أذَّنَ بلالٌ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى يَعنِى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ لَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1196>بابُ الانفِضاضِ</span>\n\n٥٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قائمًا، فجاءَت عيرٌ مِنَ الشّامِ، فانفَتَلَ الناسُ إلَيها، حَتَّى لَم يَبقَ مَعَه إلَّا اثنا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فأُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ التي في \"الجُمُعَةِ\": ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ (^٤) [الجمعة: ١١]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عبيد\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٠٥). وتقدم في (١٨٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٢٣) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٦٣/ ٣٦).","vol":"6","page":252},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ عن حُصَينٍ (^١)، ورَواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ (^٢)، فذَكَرا أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان وهم في الصَّلاةِ:\n\n٥٦٩١ - أمّا حَديثُ زائدَةَ، فأَخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ نُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ أقبَلَت عِيرٌ تَحمِلُ طَعامًا. قال: فالتَفَتوا فانصَرَفوا حَتَّى ما بَقِىَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا اثنَى عَشَرَ (^٣) رَجُلًا، فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥).\n\n٥٦٩٢ - وأَمّا حَديثُ محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ، فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أقبَلَت عِيرٌ ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٥٦)، ومسلم (٨٦٣/ عقب ٣٦) من طريق ابن إدريس به.\n(^٢) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف عن حصين\".\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ وينظر شرح الكرمانى ٣/ ٤٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٧٨) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. والبخاري (٢٠٥٨) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٩٣٦).","vol":"6","page":253},{"text":"الجُمُعَةَ، فانصَبَّ النّاسُ إلَيها، فما بَقِىَ إلَّا اثنَى عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا﴾ (^١)، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن حُصَينٍ (^٣)، ورَواه خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الطَّحّانُ وهُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن أبي سُفيانَ وسالِمٍ، عن جابِرٍ، دونَ البَيانِ (^٤)، وقَد قيلَ عَنهُما: في الخُطبَةِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ عن حُصَينٍ، فخالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في عَدَدِ مَن بَقِىَ مَعَه:\n\n٥٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسّانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُنا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إذ أقبَلَت عِيرٌ تَحمِلُ الطَّعامَ حَتَّى نَزَلوا بالبَقيعِ، فالتَفَتوا إلَيها وانفَضّوا إلَيها وتَرَكوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيسَ مَعَه إلَّا أربَعونَ رَجُلًا أنا فيهِم. قال: فأَنزَلَ اللهُ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٢٩٢) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١١٠٨ - منتخب) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٤٨٩٩)، ومسلم (٨٦٣/ ٣٧) من طريق خالد به.","vol":"6","page":254},{"text":"انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾. قال علىٌّ: لَم يَقُلْ في هذا الإسنادِ: إلَّا أربَعينَ رَجُلًا. غَيرُ عليِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن حُصَينٍ، وخالَفَه أصحابُ حُصَينٍ فقالوا: لَم يَبقَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا اثنَى عَشَرَ رَجُلًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والأَشبَهُ أن يَكونَ الصحيحُ رِوايَةَ مَن رَوَى أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان في الخُطبَةِ، وقَولُ مَن قال: نُصَلِّى مَعَه الجُمُعَةَ. أرادَ به الخُطبَةَ، وكأنَّه عَبَّرَ بالصَّلاةِ عن الخُطبَةِ، وحَديثُ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ أيضًا، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1197>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَسجُدُ على ظَهرِ مَن بَينَ يَدَيه في الزِّحامِ</span>\n\n٥٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَرأَ النَّجمَ، فسَجَدَ بنا فأَطالَ السُّجودَ، وكَثُرَ النّاسُ، فصلَّى بَعضُهُم على ظَهرِ بَعضٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ يَعنِى أبا الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سَيّارِ بنِ المَعرورِ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَخطُبُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٤. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٢: على واهٍ.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٥٧٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٥٣، والطبراني (١٣٣٥٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٢٨٦: وفيه مصعب بن ثابت وقد وثقه ابن حبان وغيره وضعفه أحمد وغيره.","vol":"6","page":255},{"text":"وهو يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَنَى هذا المَسجِدَ ونَحنُ مَعَه والمُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ، فإذا اشتَدَّ الزِّحامُ فليَسجُدِ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُم على ظَهرِ أخيهِ (^١).\n\n٥٦٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: إذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ فليَسجُدْ على ثَوبِه، وإِذا اشتَدَّ الزِّحامُ فليَسجُدْ أحَدُكُم (^٢) على ظَهرِ أخيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1198>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتأَخَّرُ سُجودُه عن سَجدَتَىِ الإمامِ بالزِّحامِ فيَجوزُ؛ قياسًا على تأَخُّرِ أحَدِ الصَّفَّينِ عن الإمامِ في سَجدَتَى صَلاةِ الخَوفِ</span>\n\n٥٦٩٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ، وذَكَرَ أنَّ العَدوَّ كان بَينَه وبَينَ القِبلَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٧٦)، والطيالسى (٧٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢١٧). وقال الدارقطني في العلل ٢/ ١٥٣: سيار هذا مجهول.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حزم في المحلى ٤/ ١١٤، ١١٥ من طريق سفيان به. وصحح إسناده الشيخ أحمد شاكر في شرح المسند ١/ ٢٤٩. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٨) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه.","vol":"6","page":256},{"text":"فكَبَّرَ وكَبَّرنا، ورَكَعَ ورَكَعنا جَميعًا، فلَمّا رَفَعَ رأْسَه مِنَ الرُّكوعِ سَجَدَ وسَجَدَ مَعَه الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، وقامَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ في نُحورِ العَدوِّ، فلَمّا قامَ وقامَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه انحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ بالسُّجودِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ وتأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ المُقَدَّمُ فرَكَعَ ورَكَعنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فلَمّا رَفَعَ سَجَدَ، وسَجَدَ مَعَه الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، وقامَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ في نُحورِ العَدوِّ، فلَمّا سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه وجَلَسَ انحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ بالسُّجودِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وسَلَّمْنا جَميعًا. قال جابِرٌ: كما يَفعَلُ حَرَسِيُّكُم (^١) هذا بأُمَرائهِم (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي (^٣) سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\nوأَمّا الاستِخلافُ فقَد مَضَى ما فيه مِنَ الأخبارِ والآثارِ في أبوابِ الإمامَةِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1199>بابُ مَن لا تَلزَمُه الجُمُعَةُ</span>\n\n٥٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَعدانَ (^٦)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أبي العَنبَسِ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُرَيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حرستكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٣٦) عن يحيى به. والنسائي (١٥٤٦) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٣) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٤٠/ ٣٠٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٣١٩ - ٥٣٢٤).\n(^٦) في م، وحاشية س: \"عبدان\".","vol":"6","page":257},{"text":"سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ، إلَّا على مَملوكٍ أوِ امرأَةٍ أَو صَبِىٍّ أو مَريضٍ\" (^١).\nوَهَذا الحَديثُ وإِن كان فيه إرسالٌ فهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ؛ فطارِقٌ مِن كبارِ (^٢) التابِعينَ، ومِمَّن رأَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وإن لَم يَسمَعْ مِنه، ولِحَديثِه هذا شَواهِدُ، مِنها ما:\n\n٥٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ بَيانٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ يَعنِى النَّيسابورِىَّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أبانٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ أبى عمرٍو، عن ضِرارِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّامِىِّ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ، إلا على امرأةٍ (^٣) أو صَبِىٍّ أو مَمْلُوكٍ أو مُسافِرٍ\" (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: \"إنَّ الجُمُعَةَ واجِبَةٌ، إلا على صَبِىٍّ أو مَملوكٍ أو مُسافِرٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٦٤٦).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣، م: \"خيار\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٣٧. وأخرجه الطبراني (١٢٥٧) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به. وعندهما بزيادة: \"مريض\". وقال البخاري عقبه: ولم يتابع عليه. وقال أبو زرعة الرازي: هذا حديث منكر. ينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ٢/ ٥٨٤، ٥٨٥.","vol":"6","page":258},{"text":"٥٧٠٠ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ محمدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فعَلَيه الجُمُعَةُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، إلَّا على مَريضٍ أو مُسافِرٍ أو صَبِىِّ أو مَملوكٍ، ومَنِ استَغنَى عَنها بلَهوٍ أو تِجارَةٍ استَغنَى اللَّهُ عنه، واللَّهُ غَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ\" (^١). وَرَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ فزادَ فيهِم: \"أوِ امرأةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٧٠١ - ومِنها ما أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ فَصِيلٍ (^٣)، حدثنا حَسَنٌ يَعنِى ابنَ صالِحِ بنِ حَىٍّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن مَولًى لآلِ الزُّبَيرِ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُلِّ حالِمٍ، إلا على أربَعَةٍ؛ على الصَّبِىِّ، والمَملوكِ، والمَرأةِ، والمَريضِ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٧٠٢ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا حُلوُ (^٥) بنُ السَّرِىِّ، عن أبي البِلادِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠١٣)، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٢٥، ٢٤٢٦، وقال: معاذ بن محمد منكر الحديث. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٣: معاذ مجهول.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٣ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"فضيل\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٦٧، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ١٠٨١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٨٨) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"خلف\". وينظر الثقات ٦/ ٢٤٨.","vol":"6","page":259},{"text":"\"الجُمُعَةُ واجِبَةٌ إلا على ما مَلَكَت أيمانُكُم أو ذِى عِلَّةٍ\" (^١).\n\n٥٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عثمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: لَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ جَمَعَ نِساءَ الأنصارِ في بَيتٍ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيهِنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، فقامَ على البابِ فسَلَّمَ عَلَينا، فرَدَدنا ﵇، فقالَ: أنا رسولُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَيكُنَّ. قالَت: فقُلنا: مَرحَبًا برسولِ اللهِ وبِرسولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ. قال: تُبايِعنَ (^٢) على ألَّا تُشرِكنَ باللهِ شَيئًا (^٣)، ولا تَسرِقنَ ولا تَزنينَ. الآيَةَ. قالَت: قُلنا: نَعَم. فمَدَّ يَدَيْه مِن خارجِ البَيتِ ومَدَدنا أيديَنا مِن داخِلِ البَيتِ، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ. وأَمَرنا بالعيدَينِ أن نُخرِجَ فيهِما الحُيَّضَ والعُتَّقَ (^٤)، ولا جُمُعَةَ عَلَينا، ونَهانا عن اتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ. قال إسماعيلُ: فسأَلتُ جَدَّتِى عن قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٢]. قالَت: نَهانا عن النّياحَةِ (^٥).\n\n٥٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى (٧٣٨). وعزاه الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ١٧٠ للطبراني في الكبير وقال: وأبو البلاد قال أبو حاتم: لا يحتج به.\n(^٢) في س: \"نبايعكن\".\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) العتق جمع عاتق، وهى الجارية الشابة، وقيل: الجارية حين تدرك، أو التي أشرفت على البلوغ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٦.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٩٣١٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٣٩) عن أبي الوليد به دون ذكر البيعة. وأحمد (٢٠٧٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٢٢) من طريق إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٤: إسناده حسن.","vol":"6","page":260},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبيه قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: رأَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رَجُلًا قَد عَقَلَ راحِلَتَه قال: ما يَحبِسُكَ؟ قال: الجُمُعَةُ. قال: إنَّ الجُمُعَةَ لا تَحبِسُ مُسافِرًا، فاذهَبْ (^١).\n\n٥٧٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بنُ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لا جُمُعَةَ على مُسافِرٍ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ. ورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ عن أبيه، فرَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٥٧٠٦ - ورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ بخُراسانَ نَقصُرُ الصَّلاةَ ولا نُجَمِّعُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ [قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ] (^٤). فذَكَرَه. هَكَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى: [ولا نُجَمِّعُ] (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تخريجه في (٥٧٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٣٥) من طريق عبيد الله بلفظ: أنه كان لا يجمع في السفر.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨١٨) من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٤: عبد الله ضعفوه.\n(^٤) سقط من: الأصل.","vol":"6","page":261},{"text":"بالتَّشديدِ ورَفعِ النّونِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1200>بابُ تَركِ إتيانِ الجُمُعَةِ لِخَوفٍ أو مَرَضٍ، أو ما في مَعناهُما مِنَ الأعذارِ</span>\n\n٥٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ أُنَيفٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أبي جَنابٍ (^٢)، عن مَغراءَ العَبدِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن سَمِعَ المُنادِىَ فلَم يَمنَعْه مِن اتِّباعِه عُذرٌ فلا صَلاةَ له\". قالوا: وما العُذرُ؟ قالَ: \"خَوفٌ أو مَرَضٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٥٧٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ بَيانٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن سَمِعَ النِّداءَ فلَم يُجِبْ فلا صَلاةَ له إلا مِن عُذرٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٣٥٣) عن سفيان الثوري، وابن أبي شيبة (٥١٣٨) من طريق يونس به. وفيهما: يجمع، بالياء. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٤: ويحتمل بأنه: ولا يجمع الصلاتين. وتقدم في (٥٥٤٦) بنحوه.\n(^٢) في م: \"خباب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٤٥، ٢٤٦. وتقدم في (٥١١٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٩٣) عن عبد الحميد به. وتقدم عقب (٥٠٠٣)، وفى (٥٦٥٢).","vol":"6","page":262},{"text":"إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ دُعِىَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وهو يَستَجمِرُ (^١) لِلجُمُعَةِ (^٢)، إلَى سعيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ وهو يَموتُ، فأَتاه وتَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٧١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ ذُكِرَ له أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ - وكانَ بَدريًّا - مَريضٌ في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، فراحَ إلَيه بَعدَ أن تَعالَى النَّهارُ واقتَرَبَ الجُمُعَةُ، وتَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1201>بابُ تَركِ إتيانِ الجُمُعَةِ بعُذرِ المَطَرِ أوِ الطّينِ والدَّحْضِ </span>(^٦)\n\n٥٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"يستجهز\"، وفي حاشية م: \"يستحم\"، وكذا في الأم للشافعي، وينظر ما سيأتي في (٦٠٣٤). والاستجمار هنا التبخر بالطيب. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ١٠.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"يوم الجمعة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي ١/ ١٨٩، وعبد الرزاق (٥٤٩٦)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٣٨٥ من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٦٠٣٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٥٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وعبد الرزاق (٥٤٩٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥١٤٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن سعد ٣/ ٣٨٤ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٩٩٠).\n(^٦) في س، ص ٣: \"الرخص\".\nوالدَّحْض؛ أي: الزَّلَق. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٤.","vol":"6","page":263},{"text":"داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ صاحِبُ الزِّيَادِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحارِثِ ابنُ عَمِّ محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال لِمُؤَذِّنِه في يَومٍ مَطيرٍ: إذا قُلتَ: أشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ. فلا تَقُلْ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ. قُلْ: صَلُّوا في بُيوتِكُم. قال: فكأَنَّ الناسَ استَنكَروا ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: قَد فعَلَ ذا مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّى؛ إنَّ الجُمُعَةَ عَزْمَةٌ (^١)، وإِنِّى كَرِهتُ أن أُخرِجَكُم فتَمشونَ في الطّينِ والمَطَرِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ، كِلاهُما عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n٥٧١٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ وعاصمٍ الأحوَلِ وعَبدِ الحَميدِ صاحِبِ الزِّيَادِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: خَطَبَنا ابنُ عباسٍ في يَومٍ ذِى رَدْغٍ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ المُؤَذِّنُ: حَىَّ على الصَّلاةِ. أمَرَه أن يُنادِىَ: الصَّلاةُ في الرِّحالِ. فنَظَرَ القَومُ بَعضُهُم إلَى بَعضٍ، فقالَ: كأَنَّكُم أنكَرتُم هَذا؟! قَد فعَلَ هذا مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّى، وإِنَّها عَزْمَةٌ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وقالَ: في يَومٍ رَزْغٍ. وهو الوَحلُ الشَّديدُ، وكَذَلِكَ الرَّدغُ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حَمّادٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أي: واجبة متحتمة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٦٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٦٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٠١)، ومسلم (٦٩٩/ ٢٦).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٨٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦١٦)، ومسلم (٦٩٩/ ٢٧).","vol":"6","page":264},{"text":"٥٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ صاحِبُ الزِّيَادِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الحارِثِ قال: أذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ ابنِ عباسٍ في يَومِ جُمُعَةٍ في يَومٍ مَطيرٍ، فقالَ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّه أكبَرُ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، أشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ. ثُمَّ قال: صَلُّوا في رِحالِكُم؛ فإِنِّى كَرِهتُ أن أُخرِجَكُم (^١)، وقَد فعَلَه مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّى، فكَرِهتُ أن تَمشوا في الدَّحضِ والزَّلَلِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا مَعمَرٌ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، فذَكَرَ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ (^٤)، وذَكَرَه أيضًا وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٥).\n\n٥٧١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أحرجكم\" بالحاء المهملة.\n(^٢) قال النووي: والدحض والزلل والزلق والردغ. كله بمعنى واحد. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ٢٠٧، ٢٠٨، وغريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٤١.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٥٦٦) من طريق النضر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٩٩/ ٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٦٩٩/ ٢٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٦٩٩/ ٣٠) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"6","page":265},{"text":"المَليحِ، عن أبيه، أنَّه شَهِدَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في يَومٍ مَطيرٍ فأَمَرَ مُناديَه فنادَى أنَّ الصَّلاةَ في الرِّحالِ (^١). قال سعيدٌ: وحَدَّثَنا صاحِبٌ لَنا أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا المَليحِ يقولُ: كان ذَلِكَ يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ. وأَمّا قَتادَةُ فلَم يَذكُرْ في حَديثِه: يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٧١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن أبيه، أنه شَهِدَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ وأَصابَهُم مَطَرٌ زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ لَم يَبتَلَّ أسفَلُ نِعالِهِم، فأَمَرَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُصَلُّوا في رِحالِهِم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1202>بابٌ: مَن لا جُمُعَةَ عَلَيه إذا شَهِدَها صَلَّاها رَكعَتَينِ</span>\nرُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّه قال: قَد كُنَّ النِّساءُ يُجَمِّعنَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٥٧١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ حُمَيدً (^٥) الفَزارِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن امرأَةٍ مِنهُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧١٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٥٨) من طريق سعيد به. وأبو داود (١٠٥٧)، والنسائي (٨٥٣) من طريق قتادة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٣٠).\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود (١٠٥٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦٣) عن نصر بن على به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٩٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٥٧) من طريق خالد به. وسقط من عند ابن ماجه: \"عن أبي قلابة\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٥١).\n(^٥) ينظر التعليق المتقدم في ١/ ٤٣٨.","vol":"6","page":266},{"text":"قالَت: جاءَنا ابنُ مَسعودٍ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: كَيفَ تُصَلّينَ؟ ثُمَّ قال: إذا صَلَّيتُنَّ مَعَ الإمامِ فبِصَلاتِه، وإِذا صَلَّيتُنَّ وحدَكُنَّ فتُصَلّينَ أربَعًا (^١).\n\n٥٧١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إياسٍ قال: رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ يُخرِجُ النِّساءَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ويَقولُ: اخْرُجْنَ؛ فإِنَّ هذا لَيسَ لَكُنَّ (^٢).\n\n٥٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ واللَّفظُ لإسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ أنَّ أباه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم - فذَكَرَ الفُقَهاءَ السَّبعَةَ مِنَ التّابِعينَ في مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم مِن نُظَرائهِم أهلِ فقهٍ وفَضلٍ - ورُبَّما اختَلَفوا في الشَّئِ؛ فأَخَذنا بقَولِ أكثَرِهِم وأَفضَلِهِم رأيًا. فذَكَرَ مِن أقاويلِهِم أشياءَ ثُمَّ قال: وكانوا يَقولونَ: إن شَهِدَتِ امرأَةٌ الجُمُعَةَ أو شَيئًا مِنَ الأعيادِ أجزأَ عَنها. قالوا: والغِلمانُ والمَماليكُ (^٣) والمُسافِرونَ والمَرضَى كَذَلِكَ لا جُمُعَةَ عَلَيهِم ولا عيدَ، فمَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٢٧٤)، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٣٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أحمد في العلل ٢/ ٤٧٠ (٣٠٨٢). وأخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٤٣٠)، والطبراني (٩٤٧٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٣٥: رجاله موثقون.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"والنساء\".","vol":"6","page":267},{"text":"شَهِدَ مِنهُم جُمُعَةً أو عيدًا أجزأَ ذَلِكَ عَنه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1203>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُنشِئُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ سَفَرًا حَتَّى يُصَلّيَها</span>\nرُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وحَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ (^١)، ورُوِىَ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٧١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن عَيّاشِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن حَفصَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"رَواحُ الجُمُعَةِ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ، وعَلَى مَن راحَ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ غُسلٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1204>بابُ مَن قال: لا تَحبِسُ الجُمُعَةُ عن سَفَرٍ</span>\n\n٥٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبيه قال: أبصَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رَجُلًا عَلَيه هَيئَةُ السَّفَرِ فسَمِعَه يقولُ: لَولا أنَّ اليَومَ يَومُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٥٤٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٥٦، ٥١٥٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي بعد حديثين.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٦٣). وتقدم في (٥٦٤٥).","vol":"6","page":268},{"text":"الجُمُعَةِ لَخَرَجتُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: اخرُج؛ فإِنّ الجُمُعَةَ لا تَحبِسُ عن سَفَرٍ (^١).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن الأسوَدِ فقالَ فيه: رأَى رَجُلًا يُريدُ السَّفرَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وهو يَنتَظِرُ الجُمُعَةَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ ما قالَ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عَبيدَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الحارِثِ العُكْلِىِّ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ البَجَلِىِّ قال: بَعَثَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - جَيشًا فيهِم مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ فخَرَجوا يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ. قال: ومَكَثَ مُعاذٌ حَتَّى صَلَّى، فمَرَّ به عُمَرُ فقالَ: ألَستَ في هذا الجَيشِ؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: فما شأنُكَ؟ قال: أرَدتُ أن أشهَدَ الجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ أروحَ. قال: أما سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَغَدوَةٌ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أو رَوحَةٌ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\"؟ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n٥٧٢٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٧٧)، والشافعي ١/ ١٨٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٤٥) من طريق الأسود به. وتقدم في (٥٧٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٥٣٧) عن الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه - كما في المطالب العالية (٢١٠٧) - من طريق المغيرة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٧: أبو زرعة لم يدرك عمر.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الحراز\"، وفى س، م: \"الخراز\". وتقدم في (١٤٢٩، ٢٠٩٤، ٢٦٣٢).","vol":"6","page":269},{"text":"حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ (^١)، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ زَيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ وجَعفَرًا وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ - ﵃ -، فتَخَلَّفَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما خَلَّفَكَ عن أصحابِكَ؟ \". قال: أحبَبتُ أن أشهَدَ مَعَكَ الجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ ألحَقَهُم. قال: \"لَو أنفَقتَ ما في الأرضِ (^٢) ما أدرَكتَ غَدوَتَهُم\". وكانوا خَرَجوا يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ. ورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ وأبو مُعاويَةَ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ (^٣). والحَجّاجُ يَنفَرِدُ به، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٧٢٣ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن أبي صَفوانَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ عن صالِحِ بنِ كَثيرٍ - وكانَ صاحِبًا لابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ - أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ خَرَجَ لِسَفَرٍ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ. [قال: فقُلتُ له في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ لِسَفَرٍ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ] (^٤). أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٥)، وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عباس\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٢٩١.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"جميعا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٥٣ - منتخب) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وأحمد (١٩٦٦)، والترمذي (٥٢٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف الترمذى (٨١).\n(^٤) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٥) أبو داود في المراسيل (٣١٠).","vol":"6","page":270},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1205>جِماعُ أبواب الغُسلِ لِلجُمُعَةِ، والخُطُبةِ، وما يَجِبُ في صَلاةِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1206>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ لمَن أرادَ الجُمُعَةَ أن يَغتَسِلَ لَها </span>(^١)\n\n٥٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ فيما قَرأْتُه عَلَيه، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن جاءَ مِنكُمُ الجُمُعَةَ فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي الحَجّاجِ المِنقَرِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وعن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على هذا المِنبَرِ يَعنِى مِنبَرَ المَدينَةِ يقولُ: \"مَن جاءَ مِنكُمُ الجُمُعَةَ [وبكَّر] (^٤) فليَغتَسِلْ\" (^٥).\n\n٥٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٥٨) عن أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (١٤١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٩٤).\n(^٤) سقط من: س، ص ٣، م.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني في المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ٨٩٣ من طريق يحيى بن أبي الحجاج والزهرى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٨: يحيى صدوق، و\"بكَّر\" زيادة غريبة.","vol":"6","page":271},{"text":"الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ حُبابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ واقِدٍ العُمَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أتَى الجُمُعَةَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ فليَغتَسِلْ، ومَن لَم يأْتِها فلَيسَ عَلَيه غُسْلٌ مِنَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ\" (^١).\n\n٥٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنيانِ ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىَّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٢)، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"غُسْلُ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ واجِبٌ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: \"الغُسلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (١٧٥٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٢٦) من طريق زيد بن الحباب بشطره الأول. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١١٨: عثمان وثق، وضعفه أبو داود.\n(^٢) في س ٣: \"سليمان\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٠)، والشافعي في الرسالة ١/ ٣٠٢ (٨٣٩). وتقدم في (١٤١٥) من طريق القعنبى.\n(^٤) البخاري (٨٩٥)، ومسلم (٨٤٦).","vol":"6","page":272},{"text":"٥٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سفيانَ والحَسَنُ بنُ الطَّيِّبِ الشُّجاعِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَحنُ الآخِرونَ السّابِقونَ، بَيدَ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ أُوتُوا الكِتابَ مِن قَبلِنا، وأُوتِيناه مِن بَعدِهِم، فهَذا اليَومُ الَّذِى اختَلَفوا فيه، فهَدانا اللَّهُ له، فغَدًا لِليَهودِ وبَعدَ غَدِ لِلنَّصارَى\". ثُمَّ سَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"حَقٌّ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ أن يَغتَسِلَ في كُلِّ سَبعَةِ أيّامٍ يَومًا يَغسِلُ رأْسَه وجَسَدَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1207>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ غُسلَ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ على الاختيارِ</span>\n\n٥٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ وحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بَيْنا هو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فناداه عُمَرُ: أيَّةُ ساعَةٍ هَذِه؟ فقال: إنِّي شُغِلتُ اليَومَ فلَم أنقَلِبْ إلَى أهلِى حَتَّى سَمِعتُ النِّداءَ، فلَم أزِدْ على أن تَوَضّأْتُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: والوُضوءَ أيضًا؟! وقَد عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٣٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٨٦، ٣٤٨٧).","vol":"6","page":273},{"text":"يأْمُرُ بالغُسلِ (^١)؟! رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ عن عُمَرَ، وسَمَّى الدّاخِلَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - (^٣)، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٤).\n\n٥٧٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ (^٥)، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رَجُلَينِ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ أتَياه فسأَلاه عن الغُسلِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ أواجِبٌ هو، فقالَ لَهُما ابنُ عباسٍ: مَنِ اغتَسَلَ فهو أحسَنُ وأَطهَرُ، وسأُخبِرُكُم لِماذا بَدأَ الغُسلُ؛ كان النّاسُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُحتاجينَ يَلبَسونَ الصُّوفَ ويَسقُونَ النَّخلَ على ظُهورِهِم، وكانَ المَسجِدُ ضَيِّقًا مُقارِبَ السَّقفِ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ في يَومٍ صائفٍ شَديدِ الحَرِّ، ومِنبَرُه قَصيرٌ إنَّما هو ثَلاثُ دَرَجاتٍ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ، فعَرِقَ النّاسُ في الصّوفِ (^٦) فثارَت أرواحُهُم؛ ريحُ العَرَقِ والصَّوفِ حَتَّى كادَ يُؤذِى بَعضُهُم بَعضًا، حَتَّى بَلَغَت أرواحُهُم رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو على المِنبَرِ، فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إذا كان هذا اليَومُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٢٣٠) من طريق حرملة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٤٤/. . .).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٨٢)، ومسلم (٨٤٥/ ٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٤١٨).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"وهب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٣: \"الصفوف\".","vol":"6","page":274},{"text":"فاغتَسِلوا، ولْيَمَسَّ أحَدُكُم ما يَجِدُ مِن طِيبِه أو دُهنِه\" (^١).\n\n٥٧٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النّاسُ عُمّالَ أنفُسِهِم، وكانوا يَروحونَ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ بهَيئَتِهِم، فكانَ يُقالُ لَهُم: لَوِ اغتَسَلتُم (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ حَدَّثَه عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: كان النّاسُ يَنتابونَ الجُمُعَةَ مِن مَنازِلِهِم ومِنَ العَوالِى، يأْتونَ في الغُبارِ يُصيبُهُمُ العَرَقُ، فتَخرُجُ مِنهُمُ الرّيحُ، فأَتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنهُم إنسانٌ وهو مُنتِنُ الرّيحِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو أنَّكُم تَطَهَّرتُم ليَومِكُم هذا؟ \" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٠، ٢٨١، وفيه: فثارت أبدانهم. بدل: فثارت أرواحهم. وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٥٥) عن الربيع به. وأحمد (٢٤١٩) من طريق عمرو به. وتقدم في (١٤٢٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٠٣)، ومسلم (٨٤٧/. . .).\nوبعده في م: \"أخبرنا أبو على الروذبارى، أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن بكر، حدثنا أبو داود، حدثنا أحمد بن صالح، حدثنا ابن وهب ح و\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٦٤٨).","vol":"6","page":275},{"text":"٥٧٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنِيعِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى. فذَكَرَه بإسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فيأْتونَ في الغُبارِ [ويُصيبُهُمُ الغُبارُ] (^١) والعَرَقُ. وقالَ: فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أُناسٌ مِنهُم وهو عِندِى فقالَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى (^٣).\n\n٥٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى قِلابَةَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ وأبو الوَليدِ وحَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا هَمّامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فبِها ونِعمَت، ومَنِ اغتَسَلَ فالغُسلُ أفضَلُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٩٠٤) من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٠٢)، ومسلم (٨٤٧/ ٦). وعند البخاري: \"حدثنا أحمد\" غير منسوب، وفى بعض الروايات: \"أحمد بن صالح\". وجزم أبو نعيم في المستخرج بأنه ابن عيسى، ورجح ابن حجر أنه ابن صالح. ينظر فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٤. وينظر تفصيل الخلاف في عمدة القارى ٦/ ١٩٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨٩) من طريق عبد الصمد به. وأبو داود (٣٥٤) من طريق أبى الوليد به. والطبراني (٦٨١٧) من طريق الحوضى به. وتقدم في (١٤٢٢). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤١).","vol":"6","page":276},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1208>بابُ وقتِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى الجُمُعَةَ حينَ تَميلُ الشَّمسُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ النُّعمانِ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ؛ قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ هَنّادٌ: حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ الحارِثِ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا نُجَمِّعُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ نَرجِعُ نَتَتَبَّعُ الفَيْءَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٨٤)، والترمذي (٥٠٣) من طريق سريج به. وأبو داود (١٠٨٤)، والترمذي (٥٠٤) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٠٤).\n(^٣) الفئ: الظل الذي يكون بعد الزوال. النهاية ٣/ ٤٨٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥١٢) من طريق إسحاق به. وابن خزيمة (١٨٣٩) من طريق وكيع به. =","vol":"6","page":277},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٥٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصيَّدلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنيه عن أبيه أنَّه سأَلَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ: مَتَى كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ؟ فقالَ جابِرٌ: كان يُصلِّى ثُمَّ نَذهَبُ إلَى جِمالِنا لِنُريحَها. يَعنِى النَّواضِحَ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ سلَمةَ بنِ الجارودِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه (^٣) وزادَ فيه: حينَ تَزولُ الشَّمسُ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤).\n\n٥٧٣٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n= وأحمد (١٦٤٩٦)، والبخاري (٤١٦٨)، ومسلم (٨٦٠/ ٣٢)، وأبو داود (١٠٨٥)، والنسائي (١٣٩٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٠٠) من طريق يعلى به.\n(^١) مسلم (٨٦٠/ ٣١).\n(^٢) النواضح جمع ناضح، وهو البعير الذي يستقى به. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٤٩. والحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه عقب (١٩٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بمثله\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٥٨/ ٢٩).","vol":"6","page":278},{"text":"حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ (^١)، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نُصلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ نَرجِعُ فنُريحُ نَواضِحَنا. قال حَسَنٌ: فقُلتُ لِجَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ: في أىِّ ساعَةٍ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: [زَوالَ الشَّمسِ] (^٢) (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوَيُذكَرُ هذا القَولُ عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ ومُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ والنُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ وعَمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، أعنِى في وقتِ الجُمُعَةِ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1209>بابُ استِحبابِ التَّعجيلِ بصَلاةِ الجُمُعَةِ إذا دَخَلَ وقتُها</span>\n\n٥٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى إياسُ بنُ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ولَيسَ لِلحيطانِ فَىْءٌ يُسْتَظَلُّ بهِ (^٦). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عباس\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٢٩١.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"إذا زالت الشمس\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٣٩)، والنسائي (١٣٨٩)، وابن حبان (١٥١٣) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٥٨/ ٢٨).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥١٧٩، ٥١٨١، ٥١٨٤ - ٥١٨٦)، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٩٨٥ - ٩٨٧، ٩٩٠، ٩٩٢، ٩٩٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥١١) عن الفضل بن الحباب به، وتقدم في (٥٧٣٦).","vol":"6","page":279},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبي الوَليد (^١).\n\n٥٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إياسُ بنُ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه، وكانَ أبوه مِن أصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ، قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ نَنصَرِفُ ولَيسَ لِلحيطانِ ظِلٌّ (^٢) يُستَظَلُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُسلِمٌ عن (^٤) جُنْدُبٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ قال: كُنّا نُصَلِّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ نَبتَدِرُ الفَىْءَ، فما يَكونُ إلَّا مَوضِعَ القَدَمِ أوِ القَدَمَينِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى مُعاويَةَ: ثُمَّ نَرجِعُ فلا نَجِدُ في الأرض مِنَ الظِّل إلَّا مَوضِعَ أقدامِنا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٦٠/ ٣٢).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فئ\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٤١٦٨) عن يحيى بن يعلى به.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ: \"مسلم عن جندب\" وهو خطأ، والصواب: \"مسلم بن جندب\". وكذا هو في مصادر التخريج. وكذا جاء في المهذب ٣/ ١١٢١. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٤٩٥.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٨٨)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٨٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١١) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢١: سنده منقطع.","vol":"6","page":280},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1210>بابُ مَن قال: يُبرِدُ بها إذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ</span>\n\n٥٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ والأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنِيعِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ بنِ أبي حَفصَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو خَلْدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ، وناداه يَزيدُ (^١) الضَّبِّىُّ يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، قَد شَهِدتَ الصَّلاةَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وشَهِدتَ الصَّلاةَ معنا، فكَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ؟ فقالَ: كان إذا اشتَدَّ البَردُ بَكَّرَ بالصَّلاةِ، وإِذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ أبرَدَ بالصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبِ ببُخارَى، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا المُقَدَّمِىُّ (ح) وأَخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا أبو خَلْدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا اشتَدَّ البَردُ بَكَّرَ بالصَّلاةِ، وإذا اشتَدَّ الحَرُّ أبرَدَ بالصَّلاةِ. يَعنِى الجُمُعَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ، قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ: أخبرَنا أبو خَلْدَةَ. وقالَ: بالصَّلاةِ. ولَم يَذكُرِ الجُمُعَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"زيد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٤٢) من طريق حرمى به. والنسائي (٤٩٨) من طريق أبى خلدة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٨٨ من طريق المقدمى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٠٦).","vol":"6","page":281},{"text":"٥٧٤٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ يَعيشَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ دينارٍ أبو خَلْدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ وهو جالِسٌ مَعَ الحَكَمِ أميرِ البصرَةِ على السَّريرِ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان الحَرُّ أبرَدَ بالصَّلاةِ، وإِذا كان البَردُ بَكَّرَ بالصَّلاةَ (^١).\n\n٥٧٤٦ - ورَواه بشرُ بنُ ثابِتٍ البَزّارُ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو خَلْدَةَ خالِدُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا كان الشِّتاءُ بَكَّرَ بالظُّهرِ، وإِذا كان الصَّيفُ أخَّرَها، وكانَ يُصَلِّى العَصرَ والشَّمسُ بَيضاءُ نَقيَّةٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ محمدٍ (^٣)، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرائضِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الكُزْبُرانِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ ثابِتٍ البَزّارُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وقَد أشارَ إلَيه البُخارِىُّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1211>بابُ وقتِ الأذانِ لِلجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي سحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٦٢) عن عبيد به.\n(^٢) في س: \"البزاز\".\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"الحافظ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١٨٨ من طريق بشر بن ثابت به.\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٩٠٦).","vol":"6","page":282},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّ النِّداءَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ كان أوَّلُه إذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وفِي زَمانِ أبى بكرٍ وفِي زَمانِ عُمَرَ، إذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ وإذا قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ، حَتَّى كان زَمانُ عثمانَ فكَثُرَ النّاسُ، فزادَ النِّداءَ الثّالِثَ على الزَّوْراءِ (^١) فثَبَتَ حَتَّى السّاعَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الرَّزْجاهِىُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ مالكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَزيعٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ مُفَضَّلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: إنَّما أمَرَ بالتّأْذينِ الثّالِثِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - حينَ كَثُرَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ، وإِنَّما كان التّأْذينُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ حينَ يَجلِسُ الإمامُ على المِنبَرِ. قال أبو بكرٍ: لَفظُ حَديثِ المَنيعِىِّ. وقالَ ابنُ ناجِيَةَ: إنَّما أمَرَ بالنِّداءِ الثّالِثِ عثمانُ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، وإِنَّما كان النِّداءُ حينَ\n_________\n(^١) الزوراء: موضع عند سوق المدينة قرب المسجد. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٩٥٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٢٨)، والترمذي (٥١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٧٣)، وابن حبان (١٦٧٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩١٢).\n(^٤) في س: \"الزوحاهى\"، وفي م: \"الزرجاهى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٩.","vol":"6","page":283},{"text":"يَجلِسُ الإمامُ، ولَم يَكُنْ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا مُؤَذِّنٌ واحِدٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1212>بابُ الصَّلاةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ نِصفَ النَّهارِ وقَبلَه وبَعدَه حَتَّى يَخرُجَ الإمامُ</span>\n\n٥٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ وأَبِى سعيدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، واستاكَ، ولَبِسَ أحسَنَ ثيابِه، وتَطَيَّبَ بطِيبٍ إن وجَدَه، ثُمَّ جاءَ ولَم يَتَخَطَّ (^٣) النّاسَ، فصَلَّى ما شاءَ اللهُ أن يُصَلِّىَ، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ سَكَتَ، فذَلِكَ كَفّارَةٌ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^٤).\n\n٥٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبي مالكٍ، أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّهُم كانوا في زَمانِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يُصَلّونَ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فإِذا خَرَجَ وجَلَسَ على المِنبَرِ وأَذَّنَ المؤذِّنُ جَلَسوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ، حَتَّى إذا سَكَتَ\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٩١٤). وأخرجه الطبراني (٦٦٤٩) من طريق الماجشون به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩١٣).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"رقاب\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٠٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٣) من طريق حماد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢٢: إسناده صالح.","vol":"6","page":284},{"text":"المُؤذِّنون (^١) وقامَ عُمَرُ سَكَتوا فلَم يَتَحَدَّثْ أحَدٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٥١ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا إنَّه قال: حَتَّى إذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ. وزادَ: عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: خُروجُ الإمامِ يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ، وكَلامُه يَقطَعُ الكَلامَ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٤)، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ أبى مالكٍ أنَّ قُعودَ الإمامِ يَقطَعُ السُّبحَةَ، وأَنَّ كَلامَه يَقطَعُ الكَلامَ، وأَنَّهُم كانوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وعُمَرُ جالِسٌ على المِنبَرِ، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ قامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فلَم يَتَكَلَّمْ أحَدٌ حَتَّى يَقضِىَ الخُطبَتَينِ كِلتَيهِما، فإِذا قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ ونَزَلَ عُمَرُ تَكَلَّموا (^٥).\n\n٥٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهمٍ (^٦)، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"المؤذن\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٩٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٧، ومالك ١/ ١٠٣، بلفظ: وأذن المؤذنون.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٦٥٧) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ذؤيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٦٣٠.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٩٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٧. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢٣: ثعلبة احتج به البخاري.\n(^٦) في س: \"سهل\".","vol":"6","page":285},{"text":"مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن ضَمضَمِ بنِ جَوسٍ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خُروجُ الإمامِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ لِلصَّلاةِ - يَعنِى - يَقطَعُ الصَّلاةَ، وكَلامُه يَقطَعُ الكَلامَ\". وهَذا خَطأٌ فاحِشٌ؛ إنَّما رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^١). ورَواه ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ ويونُسُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، [عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبى مالكٍ (^٣)، ورَواه مالكٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فمَيَّزَ كَلامَ الزُّهرِىِّ] (^٢) مِن كَلامِ ثَعلَبَةَ كما ذَكَرنا (^٤)، وهو المَحفوظُ عِندَ (^٥) محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىِّ.\n\n٥٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكَرْمانِىُّ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي الخَليلِ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الصَّلاةِ نِصفَ النَّهارِ إلَّا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ؛ لأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ تُسَعَّرُ كُلَّ يَومٍ إلَّا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥٣٥١).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) تقدم في الأثر السابق من طريق ابن أبي ذئب. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٧٠ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٧٥٠، ٥٧٥١).\n(^٥) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٨٣) من طريق حسان به. وقال: مرسل؛ مجاهد أكبر من أبى الخليل، وأبو الخليل لم يسمع من أبى قتادة. قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢٣: سنده ضعيف.","vol":"6","page":286},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1213>بابٌ: مَن دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والإِمامُ على المِنبَرِ ولَم يَركَعْ رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٥٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرٍ قال: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ فقالَ: \"صَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال. \"صَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\". قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: وهو سُلَيكٌ الغَطَفانِىُّ (^١).\n\n٥٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، [حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) و] (^٢) أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شِيرُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقالَ: \"يا فُلانُ أصَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"صَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وإسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٥٩، ٦٦٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١١٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٣٢) من طريق سفيان عن عمرو وأبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠٩)، والدارمى (١٥٩٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٣١)، ومسلم (٨٧٥/ ٥٥).","vol":"6","page":287},{"text":"٥٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: جاءَ سُلَيكٌ الغَطَفانِىُّ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدٌ على المِنبَرِ، فقَعَدَ سُلَيكٌ قَبلَ أن يُصلِّىَ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أرَكَعتَ الرَّكعَتَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"قُمْ فاركَعْهُما\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: جاءَ سُلَيكٌ الغَطَفانِىُّ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أصَلَّيتَ الرَّكعَتَينِ؟ \". فقالَ: لا. قال: \"قُمْ فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ وتَجَوَّزْ فيهِما\". وقالَ: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم (^٣) والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ وليتَجَوَّزْ فيهِما\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ عيسَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٤٩٤) عن قتيبة به. وعبد بن حميد (١٠٤٦ - منتخب) من طريق الليث به. والبخاري في جزء القراءة (١٥٩) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٧٥/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"الجمعة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٣٥) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وأحمد (١٤٤٠٥)، وأبو داود (١١١٦)، وابن ماجه (١١١٤) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"6","page":288},{"text":"ابنِ يونُسَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٥٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَرْبَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عياضَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: رأَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ومَرْوانُ يَخطُبُ، فقامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، فَجاءَ إلَيه الأحراسُ ليُجلِسوه، فأَبَى حَتَّى صَلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفنا أتَيناه فقُلنا: يا أبا سعيدٍ، كادَ هؤلاءِ أن يَقَعوا بكَ. فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: ما كُنتُ لأدَعَهُما لِشَئٍ بَعدَ شَئٍ رأَيتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ رأَيتُ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ بهَيئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ (^٢) والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أصَلَّيتَ يا فُلانُ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\". ثُمَّ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ في الجُمُعَةِ الثّانيَةِ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - قائمٌ يَخطُبُ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أصلَّيْتَ يا فلانُ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1214>بابُ مَن دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ لا يَجلِسُ حَتَّى يَركَعَ رَكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٥٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٧٥/ ٥٩).\n(^٢) أي رث الملبس، والبذاذة: التواضع في الملبس. النهاية ١/ ١١٠. وينظر الفائق ١/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) الحميدي (٧٤١) مطولًا. وأخرجه الدارمي (١٥٩٣)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٦٢)، والترمذي (٥١١)، وابن ماجه (١١١٣)، والنسائي (١٤٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٩٩) من طريق سفيان به مختصرا ومطولا. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (٥٨٨٢).","vol":"6","page":289},{"text":"سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فلا يَجلِسْ حَتَّى يُصلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرنا الحسنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمِ بنِ خَلْدَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جالِسٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَىِ النّاسِ. قال: فجَلَستُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تَركَعَ رَكعَتَينِ قبلَ أن تَجلِسَ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رأَيتُكَ جالِسًا والنّاسُ جُلوسٌ. قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ أحَدُكُمُ المَسجِدَ فلا يَجلِسْ حَتَّى يَركَعَ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1215>بابُ مَقامِ الإمامِ في الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ البخارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٩٨٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٢٩) من طريق حسين بن على به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٠١) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧١٤/ ٧٠).","vol":"6","page":290},{"text":"ابنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ بلالٍ قال: قال يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى حَفصُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كان المَسجِدُ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَسقوفًا على جُذوعٍ مِن نَخلٍ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَطَبَ يَقومُ إلَى جِذعٍ، فلَمّا صُنِعَ المِنبَرُ كان عَلَيه، فسَمِعْنا لِذَلِكَ الجِذعِ صَوتًا كَصَوتِ العِشارِ (^١)، حَتَّى جاءَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فوَضَعَ يَدَه عَلَيها فسَكَنَتْ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن أخيه أبى بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ نَفَرًا جاءوا إلَى سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قَد تَمارَوْا في المِنبَرِ مِن أىِّ عودٍ هوَ. فقالَ: أمَا واللَّهِ إنِّي لأَعرِفُ مِن أىِّ عودٍ هو، ومَن عَمِلَه، ورأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أوَّلَ يَومٍ جَلَسَ عَلَيه. قال: فقُلتُ له: يا أبا عباسٍ، فحَدِّثنا. فقالَ: أرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى امرأَةٍ. قال أبو حازِمٍ: إنَّه لَيُسَمّيَها (^٤) يَومَئذٍ: \"انظُرِى غُلامَكِ النَّجّارَ يَعمَلْ لِى أعوادًا أُكَلِّمُ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) العشار: الحوامل من الإبل التي قاربت الولادة. فتح الباري ٣/ ٦٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٦١، وفيه: \"حبيب\" بدل \"خنب\". وأخرجه البخاري (٩١٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٨٥).\n(^٤) في س: \"لم يسمها\"، وفي م: \"لسماها\".\n(^٥) في م، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"لأكلم\".","vol":"6","page":291},{"text":"النّاسَ عَلَيها\". فعَمِلَ هذه الثَّلاثَ دَرَجاتٍ، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فوُضِعَت هذا المَوضِعَ، فهِىَ مِن طَرفاءِ الغابَةِ (^١)، ولَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قامَ عَلَيه فكَبَّرَ وكَبَّرَ النّاسُ وراءَه وهو على المِنبَرِ يَعنِى ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فنَزَلَ القَهقَرَى حَتَّى سَجَدَ في أصلِ المِنبَرِ، ثُمَّ عادَ حَتَّى فرَغَ مِن آخِرِ صَلاتِه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّما صَنَعتُ هذا لِتأْتَمَّوا بى ولِتَعلَّموا صَلاتِى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٥٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحسنُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ السَّمحِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقومُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَى شَجَرَةٍ أو نَخلَةٍ، فقالَتِ امرأَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ أو رَجُلٌ يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا نَجعَلُ (^٤) لَكَ مِنبَرًا؟ قال: \"إن شِئتُم فاجعَلوه\". فجَعَلوا له مِنبَرًا، فلَمّا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ ذَهَبَ إلَى المِنبَرِ، فصاحَتِ النَّخلَةُ صياحَ الصَّبِىِّ، فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فضَمَّها إلَيه، كانَت تَئنُّ أنينَ الصَّبِىِّ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) الطرفاء واحدتها طرَفة: شجرة من شجر البادية ومشطوط الأنهار. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٨. وينظر فتح الباري ١/ ١٤٩، وما تقدم في (٥٢٩٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٢٩٤ - ٥٢٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٤٤/ ٤٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"تجعل\".","vol":"6","page":292},{"text":"يُسَكَّتُ. قال: كانَت تَبكِى على ما كانَت تَسمَعُ مِنَ الذِّكرِ عِندَها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٦٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الجَهمِ أحمدُ (^٣) بنُ الحُسَينِ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ عمرٍو الضُّبَعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي رَوّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ تَمِيمًا الدّارِىَّ قال لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما أسَنَّ وثَقُلَ: ألا أتَّخِذُ (^٤) لَكَ مِنبَرًا يَحمِلُ أو يَجمَعُ - أو كَلِمَةً تُشبِهُها (^٥) - عِظامَكَ؟ [فاتَّخَذَ له] (^٦) مَرْقاتَينِ (^٧) أو ثَلاثَةً، فجَلَسَ (^٨) عَلَيها. قال: فصَعِدَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فحَنَّ جِذْعٌ كان في المَسجِدِ، كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَطَبَ يَستَنِدُ إلَيه، فنَزَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فاحتَضَنَه، فقالَ له شَيئًا لا أدرِى ما هو، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ، وكانَت أساطينُ المَسجِدِ جُذوعًا وسَقائفُه جَريدًا (^٩). قال: البخاريُّ: رَوَى أبو عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ أبي رَوّادٍ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٦٦. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٠٦)، والبخاري (٤٤٩، ٢٠٩٥) من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٥٨٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"محمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٥١٢.\n(^٤) في ص ٣، س، م: \"تتخذ\".\n(^٥) في م: \"تشبهما\".\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"واتخذ لك\".\n(^٧) بفتح الميم أفصح من كسرها، يعني: درجتين. عون المعبود ١/ ٤٢١.\n(^٨) في الأصل: \"تجلس\".\n(^٩) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٨١) من طريق أبى عاصم به، دون ذكر حنين الجذع. وقال الذهبي =","vol":"6","page":293},{"text":"فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٥٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَخطُبُ إلَى جِذْعٍ، فلَمّا اتَّخَذَ المِنبَرَ حَنَّ الجِذعُ، فأَتاه فالتَزَمَه - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ عبدُ الحَميدِ: أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1216>بابُ وُجوبِ الخُطبَةِ، وأَنَّه إذا لَم يَخطُبْ صَلَّى ظُهرًا أربَعًا</span>\nلأَنَّ بَيانَ الجُمُعَةِ أُخِذَ مِن فِعلِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ولَم يُصَلِّ الجُمُعَةَ إلَّا بالخُطبَةِ.\n\n٥٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُهلِىُّ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بِشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ خُطبَتَينِ بَينَهُما جَلسَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n= ٣/ ١١٢٦: أحسبه غلطا من ابن أبي رواد فإن تميما الدارى متأخر الإسلام، قيل: أسلم عام تبوك بعد عمل المنبر بمدة، وقد قال ابن حبان في ابن أبي رواد: روى عن نافع عن ابن عمر نسخة موضوعة.\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٣٥٨٣). وليس في الرواية عنده تسمية تميم الدارى.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٦٠، والدلائل ٢/ ٥٥٧. وأخرجه الترمذي (٥٠٥) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٨٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٥٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٢٦١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٩١٩)، والنسائي في =","vol":"6","page":294},{"text":"٥٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ وهو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ أبو (^١) الطاهِرِ بمِصرَ، حدثنا عَمِّى يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِىَّ، عن أبيه يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: بَلَغَنا أنَّ أوَّلَ ما جُمِّعَتِ الجُمُعَةُ بالمَدينَةِ قَبلَ أن يَقدَمَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فجَمَّعَ بالمُسلِمينَ مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ. قال: وبَلَغَنا أنَّه لا جُمُعَةَ إلَّا بخُطبَةٍ، فمَن لَم يَخطُبْ صَلَّى أربَعًا (^٢).\n\n٥٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا لَم يَخطُبِ الإمامُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ صَلَّى أربَعًا (^٣).\nورُوّينا ذَلِكَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ وغَيرِه (^٤)، وعن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كانَتِ الجُمُعَةُ أربَعًا فجُعِلَتِ الخُطبَةُ مَكانَ الرَّكعَتَينِ.\n_________\n= الكبرى (١٧٢١) وابن ماجه (١١٠٣). وينظر ما سيأتي في (٥٧٧٤). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢٦: تفرد به عبد الرزاق. وعند عبد الرزاق: مرتين. بدل: خطبتين. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٩٠٥).\n(^١) في س: \"ابن أبي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٥٨، وأبو عروبة في الأوائل (٥٤) من طريق يونس به. وعبد الرزاق (٥١٤٦) عن الزهري بنحوه. وفى المدونة قول الزهري الأخير، وفى الأوائل قول الزهري الأول.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥١٩٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥٣١١) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٦٥ - ٥٣٦٧).","vol":"6","page":295},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1217>بابُ الخُطبَةِ قائمًا</span>\n\n٥٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، [حدثنا محمدُ] (^١) بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ أنَّه دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَكَمِ يَخطُبُ قاعِدًا، فقالَ: انظُروا إلَى هذا الخَبيثِ يَخطُبُ قاعِدًا، وقَد قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾؟! (^٢) [الجمعة: ١١] رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ وغَيرِه، إلَّا أنه قال: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أُمِّ الحَكَمِ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةَ قائمًا، فجاءَت عِيرٌ مِنَ الشّامِ، فانفَتَلَ النّاسُ إلَيها حَتَّى لَم يَبقَ مَعَه إلَّا اثنَى عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فأُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ التي في الجُمُعَةِ: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا﴾ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٣٩٦) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به، دون لفظة: \"الخبيث\". وعنده: عبد الرحمن ابن أم الحكم.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٦٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٠٣). وتقدم في (٥٦٩٠).","vol":"6","page":296},{"text":"عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٥٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا (^٢) زُهَيرٌ، عن سِماكٍ قال: نَبّأَنِى جابِرُ بنُ سَمُرَةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَخطُبُ قائمًا ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ قائمًا، فمَن نَبّأَكَ أنه كان يَخطُبُ جالِسًا فقَد كَذَبَ، فقَد واللهِ صَلَّيتُ مَعَه أكثَرَ مِن ألفَىْ صَلاةٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٥٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَصينٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ قال: أوَّلُ مَن أحدَثَ القُعودَ على المِنبَرِ مُعاويَةُ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ: يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما كان قَعَدَ لِضَعفٍ؛ لِكِبَرٍ أو مَرَضٍ (^٦)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٦٣/ ٣٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٤٢)، وأبو داود (١٠٩٣) من طريق زهير به. والنسائي (١٤١٦)، وابن ماجه (١١٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٤٧) من طريق سماك به. وقال الإمام النووي في قوله: أكثر من ألفى صلاة: المراد الصلوات الخمس لا الجمعة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٥٠.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٦٢/ ٣٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٦٧٤٦) من طريق مغيرة عن الشعبي بزيادة: حين كبر وكثر شحمه وعظم بطنه. وينظر كلام المصنف الآتى.\n(^٦) وكذا ورد في الأثر السابق كما ذكرنا لفظه عند ابن أبي شيبة.","vol":"6","page":297},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1218>بابُ يَخطُبُ الإمامُ خُطبَتَينِ وهو قائمٌ ويَجلِسُ بَينَهُما جَلسَةً خَفيفَةً</span>\n\n٥٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قائمًا ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ كما يَفعَلونَ اليَومَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِىِّ (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ أيضًا عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ المُوسائىُّ (^٤) بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٠٦) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به. والبخاري (٩٢٨)، والنسائي (١٤١٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٤٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وتقدم في (٥٧٦٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٢٠)، ومسلم (٨٦١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٦١).\n(^٤) في س: \"الموساوى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٤٠٥.","vol":"6","page":298},{"text":"خُطبَتَينِ، يَجلِسُ بَينَهُما، ويَخطُبُهُما وهو قائمٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1219>بابُ يُحَوِّلُ النّاسُ وُجوهَهُم إلَى الإمامِ ويَستَمِعونَ الذِّكرَ</span>\n\n٥٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبي (^٢) مَيمونَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: جَلَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ وجَلَسنا حَولَه، فقالَ: \"إنَّما أخافُ عَلَيكُم بَعدِى ما يُفتَحُ عَلَيكُم مِن زَهرَةِ الدُّنيا وزينَتِها\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أوَ يأْتِى الخَيرُ بالشَّرِّ؟ فسَكَتَ، فقيلَ له: ما شأْنُكَ تُكَلِّمُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - ولا يُكَلِّمُكَ؟ ورأَينا أنَّه يُنزَلُ عَلَيهِ، فأَفاقَ يَمسَحُ عن الرُّحَضاءِ (^٣)، فقالَ: \"أينَ السّائلُ؟ \" وكأَنَّه حَمِدَه. فقالَ: \"إنَّه لا يأْتِى الخَيرُ بالشَّرِّ، وإِنَّ مِمّا يُنْبِتُ الرَّبيعُ ما يَقتُلُ أو يُلِمُّ (^٤) إلا آكِلَةَ الخَضِرِ (^٥)، فإِنَّها أكَلَت حَتَّى امتَلأت خاصِرَتاها، ثُمَّ استَقبَلَت عَينَ الشَّمسِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٠٧). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٤٩٠) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. والشافعي في مسنده (٤١٨ - شفاء العى) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به. واختلف في وصله وإرساله وقال الدارقطني: والمرسل أشبه. العلل ١٣/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٣) الرحضاء: هو عرق الحمى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٤) في م: \"يسلم\".\nو\"مما\" في قوله: \"مما ينبت\" للتكثير وليست للتبعيض، والربيع أي الجدول، ويلم أي: يقرب من الهلاك. ينظر فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٥) الخضر: ضرب من الكلأ يعجب الماشية. فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٤٧.","vol":"6","page":299},{"text":"فبالَت وثَلَطَت (^١) وأَرتَعَت، وإِنَّ هذا المالَ خَضِرٌ حُلوٌ، ونِعمَ مالُ المُسلِمِ هو لِمَن أعطَى مِنه المِسكينَ واليَتيمَ وابنَ السَّبيلِ\". أو كالَّذِى قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"وإِنَّه مَن يأْخُذُه بغَيرِ حَقِّه كان كالَّذِى يأْكُلُ ولا يَشبَعُ، ويَكونُ عَلَيه شَهيدًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ أصلُه كوفِيٌّ بالفُسطاطِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ غُرابٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَجَلِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إذا صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ - أو قال: قَعَدَ على المِنبَرِ - استَقبَلْناه بوُجوهِنا (^٤).\n\n٥٧٧٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ قال: هذا الخَبَرُ عِندِى مَعلولٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَجَلِىِّ قال: رأَيتُ عَدِىَّ بنَ ثابِتٍ يَستَقبِلُ الإمامَ بوَجهِه إذا قامَ يَخطُبُ، فقُلتُ له: رأَيتُكَ تَستَقبِلُ الإمامَ بوَجهِكَ؟ قال: رأَيتُ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلونَه.\n_________\n(^١) ثلطت: ألقت ما في بطنها رقيقا. والثلط الرجيع الخفيف. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٢٩، فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٢٩٤)، وفيه: يقتل حبطًا أو يلم. بدل: ما يقتل أو يلم. وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٥٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٨٠) من طريق هشام به. والبخاري (٢٨٤٢) من طريق هلال به. والبخاري (٦٤٢٧)، ومسلم (١٠٥٢/ ١٢٢) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٢١) مختصرًا، ومسلم (١٠٥٢/ ١٢٣).\n(^٤) ابن خزيمة كما في إتحاف المهرة لابن حجر (٢١٠٨). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٢٨: وعلى بن غراب تكلم فيه.","vol":"6","page":300},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: هَكَذا كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلونَ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. ذَكَرَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن أبي تَوبَةَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n٥٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أخَذَ في خُطبَتِه استَقبَلوه بوُجوهِهِم حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِنها (^٢).\n\n٥٧٨٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ قال: قال أبو الجوَيريَةِ: رأَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ خادِمَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أخَذَ الإمامُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ في الخُطبَةِ يَستَقبِلُه بوَجهِه حَتَّى يَفرُغَ الإمامُ مِن خُطبَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ وغَيرُه، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: السُّنَّةُ إذا قَعَدَ الإمامُ على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يُقبِلُ عَلَيه القَومُ بوُجوهِهِم جَميعًا.\n\n٥٧٨٢ - وبِإسنادِه حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِليثِ بنِ سَعدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٤٩ من طريق الزهري بنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٧٣).","vol":"6","page":301},{"text":"فأَخبَرَنِى عن ابنِ عَجلانَ أنَّه أخبَرَه عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَفرُغُ مِن سُبحَتِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قَبلَ خُروجِ الإمامِ، فإِذا خَرَجَ لَم يَقعُدِ الإمامُ حَتَّى يَستَقبِلَه (^١).\n\n٥٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ أبى مالكٍ القُرَظِىُّ، وقَد أدرَكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، قال: كُنّا نَتَحَدَّثُ حينَ (^٢) يَجلِسُ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على المِنبَرِ حَتَّى يَقضِىَ المُؤَذِّنُ تأْذينَه ويَتَكَلَّمَ عُمَرُ، فإِذا تَكَلَّم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - انقَطَعَ حَديثُنا فصَمَتنا، فلَم يَتَكَلَّمْ أحَدٌ مِنّا حَتَّى يَقضِىَ الإمامُ خُطبَتَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1220>بابٌ: صَلاةُ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتانِ</span>\n\n٥٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن زُبَيدٍ الإيَامِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: صَلاةُ الأضحَى رَكعَتانِ، وصَلاةُ الفِطرِ رَكعَتانِ، وصَلاةُ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتانِ، وصَلاةُ المُسافِرِ رَكعَتانِ؛ تَمامٌ غَيرُ قَصرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٣٩١)، والمدونة ١/ ١٤٩، ١٥٠.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حتى\".\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٤٠٨، وفيه: ثعلبة بن مالك. بدل: ثعلبة بن أبي مالك. وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٢٢٩) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وتقدم في (٥٧٥٠ - ٥٧٥٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٢٥) عن محمد بن رافع به. وابن ماجه =","vol":"6","page":302},{"text":"ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن زُبَيدٍ فلَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه كَعبَ بنَ عُجرَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه رَفَعَه بآخِرِه:\n\n٥٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عُمَرَ قال: صَلاةُ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتانِ، وصَلاةُ الأضحَى (^١) رَكعَتانِ، وصَلاةُ السفرِ (^٢) رَكعَتانِ؛ تَمامٌ غَيرُ قَصرٍ على لِسانِ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - (^٣).\nورَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الثِّقَةِ، عن عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1221>بابُ القِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي\n_________\n= (١٠٦٤) من طريق محمد بن بشر به. وهو مرفوع في هذه المصادر كلها. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٨٧٢).\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الضحى\".\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"المسافر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧)، والنسائي (١٥٦٥) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٧٥).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٦٣٠٦).","vol":"6","page":303},{"text":"رافِعٍ، أنَّ مَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ استَخلَفَ أبا هُرَيرَةَ، فصلَّى بهِم أبو هُرَيرَةَ الجُمُعَةَ، فقَرأَ سورَةَ \"الجُمُعَةِ\" في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، وفِي الثّانيَةِ ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ﴾ قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: فلَمّا انصَرَفَ أبو هريرةَ مَشَيتُ إلَى جَنبِه، فقُلتُ له: لَقَد قَرأَتَ بسورَتَينِ سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ يَقرأُ بهِما في الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ أبو هُرَيرَةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ بهِما (^١).\n\n٥٧٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ أبي رافِعٍ قال: استَخلَفَ مَرْوانُ أبا هريرةَ على المَدينَةِ وخَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّة، فصَلَّى بنا أبو هَرَيرَةَ الجُمُعَةَ، فقَرأَ بسورَةِ \"الجُمُعَةِ\" في السَّجدَةِ (^٢) الأولَى، وفِي الآخِرَةِ ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ﴾ قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: فأَدرَكتُ أبا هُرَيرَةَ حينَ انصَرَفَ، فقُلتُ: إنَّكَ قَرأْتَ بسورَتَينِ كان علىٌّ - ﵁ - يَقرأُ بهِما بالكوفَةِ. فقالَ أبو هُرَيرَةَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ بهِما (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤) وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٤٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (٩٥٥٠)، وأبو داود (١١٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٣) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الركعة\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٥٤٩٢). وأخرجه الترمذي (٥١٩)، وابن ماجه (١١١٨) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٧/. . .).","vol":"6","page":304},{"text":"الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، وفِي حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ في آخِرِ الحديثِ: يَقرأُ بهِما في الجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n٥٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُس بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُخَوَّلٍ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيد بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في الجُمُعَةِ سورَةَ \"الجُمُعَةِ\" و\"المُنافِقينَ\"، وكانَ يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ﴿الم (١) تَنْزِيلُ﴾، و﴿هَلْ أَتَى﴾ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافط وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ضَمرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ المازِنِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّ الضَّحّاكَ لنَ قَيسٍ سأَلَ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ: ماذا كان يَقرأُ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ على إثَرِ سورَةِ \"الجُمُعَةِ\"؟ قال: كان يَقرأُ بـ: ﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٧٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٦٣)، والطيالسى (٢٧٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٣)، وأبو داود (١٠٧٥)، والنسائي (١٤٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (١٠٧٤)، والترمذي (٥٢٠)، والنسائي (٩٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٥٣٣) من طريق مخول به. وسيأتي في (٥٧٩٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٧٩/. . .).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١١١، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٣٨١)، وأبو داود (١١٢٣)، والنسائي (١٤٢٢).","vol":"6","page":305},{"text":"٥٧٩٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ضَمْرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كَتَبَ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ قَيسٍ إلَى النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ يَسأَلُه: أىَّ شَئٍ قرأَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ سِوَى سورَةِ \"الجُمُعَةِ\"؟ فقالَط: كان يَقرأُ ﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ﴾ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن أبيه، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ مَولَى النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ في الجُمُعَةِ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾، ﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾، وإِذا اجتَمَعَ الجُمُعَةُ والعيدُ في يَومٍ واحِدٍ قرأَ بهِما جَميعًا في الجُمُعَةِ والعيدِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١١١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٧٨/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٦٤) عن أبي صالح به. وأخرجه النسائي (١٥٨٩) من طريق جرير به. والنسائي (١٤٢٣)، وابن ماجه (١٢٨١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٣) من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد به. وسيأتي في (٦٢٦٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٨/ ٦٢).","vol":"6","page":306},{"text":"٥٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن مِسْعَرٍ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ الجُمُعَةِ بـ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾، و﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ (^١). ورَواه المَسعودِىُّ عن مَعبَدٍ في العيدَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1222>بابُ القِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ مِنْ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى مُخَوَّلٌ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ في صَلاةِ الفَجرِ ﴿الم (١) تَنْزِيلُ﴾ السَّجدَةَ، و﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ﴾، وفِي الجُمُعَةِ سورَةَ \"الجُمُعَةِ\" و\"المُنافِقينَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٥٧٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزَّارُ بالطّابَرانِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٦٤) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (١١٢٥)، والنسائي (١٤٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٧) من طريق معبد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٩٥).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٦٢٦٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٤٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٨٢١) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٥٧٨٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٩).","vol":"6","page":307},{"text":"قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الصُّبحِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ﴿تَنْزِيلُ﴾ السَّجدَةَ، و﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ﴾ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٥٧٩٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا [علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ] (^٣) ابنِ واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عاصمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ الغَداةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ﴿الم (١) تَنْزِيلُ﴾. السَّجدَةَ، و﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ﴾ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1223>بابُ القِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عُثمانُ بن أحمدَ بنُ السَّمّاكِ وأبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٦١)، والنسائي (٩٥٤) من طريق سفيان به. ومسلم (٨٨٠/ ٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٨٢٣) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٨٩١)، ومسلم (٨٨٠/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسين بن على\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل (١٤٧)، والبزار (١٧٢٠) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣١: إسناده صالح.","vol":"6","page":308},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى أبى، ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ المَغرِبِ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، و﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ وكانَ يَقرأُ في صَلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ سورَةَ \"الجُمُعَةِ\" و\"المُنافِقينَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1224>بابُ مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِن الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ والأوزاعِىُّ ومالِكٌ كُلُّهُم عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَةً فقَد أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٦٦). وتقدم في (٤٠٨٧). قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣١: سعيد متروك.","vol":"6","page":309},{"text":"ورِوايَةِ سُفيانَ: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢)، وعن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ، وعن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مسلم أيضًا مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣)، وقَد مَضَى في أوَّلِ كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٤)، وفيه مِنَ الزّيادَةِ: \"فقَد أدرَكَها كُلَّها\".\n\n٥٧٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أبا هُرَيرَةَ قال: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ رَكعَةً فقَد أدرَكَها\" (^٥).\n\n٥٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧١٩)، وأبو داود (١١٢١)، ومالك ١/ ١٠، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٤)، والترمذي (٥٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٤١)، وابن ماجه (١١٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٨) من طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤٩) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأبو يعلى (٥٩٨٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به. والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢١٣) من طريق ابن المبارك عن يونس وحده به. وتقدم من طريق مالك في (١٨٣٤). وسيأتي من طريق معمر (٥٨٠٠)، ومن طريق يونس في (٥٧٩٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٠)، ومسلم (٦٠٧/ ١٦١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٠٧/. . .).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٩٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢١٠) عن أبي اليمان به.","vol":"6","page":310},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصَّلاةِ مَعَ الإمامِ فقَد أدرَكَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٥٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد أدرَكَها\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: والجُمُعَةُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\nهذا هو الصَّحيحُ، وهو رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ مَعمَرٍ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ لَفظَ الحديثِ في الصَّلاةِ مُطلَقٌ، وأَنَّها بعُمومِها تَتَناوَلُ الجُمُعَةَ كما تَتَناوَلُ غَيرَها مِنَ الصَّلَواتِ.\nوقَد رَوَى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ الحديثَ في الجُمُعَةِ نَصًّا:\n\n٥٨٠١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (٢١٥) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٠٧/ ١٦٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٦٧، ٦٦٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٤٧٨)، وعنه أحمد (٧٦٦٥) دون قول الزهري.","vol":"6","page":311},{"text":"أيُّوبَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَةً فليُصلِّ إلَيها أُخرَى\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن صالِحِ بنِ أبي الأخضَرِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٥٨٠٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ (^٢) البُهلولِ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن صالِحِ بنِ أبي الأخضَرِ، عن الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَةً فليُصَلِّ إلَيها أُخرَى، فإِن أدرَكهُم جُلوسًا صَلَّى أربَعًا\" (^٣).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قَد ذَكَرناها في \"الخلاف\" (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مِن قَولِه مَوقوفًا عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n٥٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩١. وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٥١) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) سقط من: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ١١. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٤٠: وصالح ضعيف.\n(^٤) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٣/ ٣٥٣. وقال ابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ١٠٩: وذكر الجمعة قاله أربعة أنفس عن الزهري عن أبي سلمة عن أبي هريرة كلهم ضعفاء. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٢١٣ - ٢٢٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٦٣٧ من طريق أبى صالح به.","vol":"6","page":312},{"text":"مَن أدرَكَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ فقَد أدرَكَها، إلَّا أنَّه يَقضِى ما فاتَه (^١).\n\n٥٨٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا أدرَكتَ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَةً فأَضِفْ إلَيها أُخرَى، وإِن أدرَكتَهُم جُلوسًا فصَلِّ أربَعًا (^٢). تابَعَه أيّوبُ عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: إذا أدرَكتَ رَكعَةً مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ فأَضِفْ إلَيها أُخرَى، فإِذا فاتَكَ الرُّكوعُ فصَلِّ أربَعًا (^٤).\n\n٥٨٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَرْبَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا (^٥) الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ وهُبَيرَةَ قالا: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: مَن أدرَكَ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَةً صَلَّى إلَيها أُخرَى، ومَنْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحسن بن على بن عفان في الأمالى والقراءة (١١) من طريق جعفر به. وابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٧٤) من طريق يحيى به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٤٧٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٤٧١) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٢٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٨٦.\n(^٥) سقط من: الأصل. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٥١٢.","vol":"6","page":313},{"text":"فاتَه الرَّكعَتانِ صَلَّى أربَعًا (^١).\nرَواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن زَكَريَّا: ومَن أدرَكَ القَومَ جُلوسًا صَلَّى أربَعًا (^٢). ورَواه الأعمَشُ عن أبي إسحاقَ: وإذا فاتَكَ الرُّكوعُ فصَلِّ أربَعًا (^٣). ولَم يَذكُرا هُبَيرَةَ في الإسنادِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٩٧٥، ١٩٧٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق عن أبي الأحوص به، وفى (١٩٧٤، ١٩٧٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٤٧٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق عن هبيرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٧٢) من طريق زكريا به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٥٤٥) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٩١: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"6","page":314},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1225>جِماعُ أبوابِ آدابِ الخُطبَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1226>بابُ الإمامِ يُسَلِّمُ على النّاسِ إذا صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ قَبلَ أن يَجلِسَ</span>\n\n٥٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ يَعنِى ابنَ قُنفُذٍ التَّيمِىَّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ سَلَّمَ (^١).\n\n٥٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، وحَدَّثَنا (^٢) الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىِّ. وقالَ الوَليدُ: حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ أبى عَونٍ القُرَشِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا دَنا مِن مِنبَرِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ سَلَّمَ على مَن عِندَه مِنَ الجُلوسِ، فإِذا صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ استَقبَلَ النّاسَ بوَجهِه ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩١٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٠٩) من طريق عمرو بن خالد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٢: تفرد به ابن لهيعة. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٦٣: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) القائل هو ابن عدى.\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٢، ١٨٩٣. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٦٧٧) من طريق الوليد به. وأخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ١٢١ من طريق عيسى الأنصاري. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٦٢: أورده ابن عدى في ترجمة عيسى بن عبد الله الأنصاري وضعفه، وكذا ضعفه به ابن حبان.","vol":"6","page":315},{"text":"مُسلِمٍ، عن رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَه عن نافِعٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وإِذا رَقِىَ المِنبَرَ سَلَّمَ على النّاسِ قَبلَ أن يَجلِسَ. تَفَرَّدَ به عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أبو موسَى الأنصارِىُّ. قال أبو سَعدٍ: قال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ: عامَّةُ ما يَرويه لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وروِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، ثُمَّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1227>بابُ الإمامِ يَجلِسُ على المِنبَرِ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ المُؤَذِّنُ عن الأذانِ ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ</span>\n\n٥٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ الأذانَ الأوَّلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ كان أوَّلَ حينَ يَجلِسُ الإمامُ على المِنبَرِ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وعَهدِ أبى بكرٍ، وعُمَرَ، فلَمَّا كان في خِلافَةِ عثمانَ - ﵁ - وكثُرَ الناسُ، أمَرَ بالأذانِ الثّالِثِ فأُذِّنَ به على الزَّوراءِ، فثَبَتَ الأمرُ على ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٥٨١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٣.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٣٧)، وتاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٣٨ ليس فيها فعل ابن عباس.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٨٧)، والنسائي (١٣٩١) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (٥٧٤٧، ٥٧٤٨).","vol":"6","page":316},{"text":"فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ الأذانَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ كان أوَّلُه حينَ يَجلِسُ الإمامُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ على المِنبَرِ. وقالَ: أمَرَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ بالأَذانِ الثّالِثِ. والباقِى سَواءٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n٥٨١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنُ الطَّبّاعِ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ الغازِ (^٢)، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقَعَدَ على المِنبَرِ أذَّنَ بلالٌ (^٣).\n\n٥٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَطاءٍ، عن العُمَرِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ خُطبَتَينِ، كان يَجلِسُ إذا صَعِدَ المِنبَرَ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ - أُراه المُؤَذِّنَ - ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ، ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ فلا يَتَكَلَّمُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ (^٤).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في قِصَّةِ المِنبَرِ قال: فصَنَعَ له مِنبَرًا دَرَجَتَينِ ويَقعُدُ على الثّالِثِ، فلَمّا قَعَدَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩١٦).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"العاز\"، وفى س: \"الغار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٤٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨٣، وصححه. وقال الذهبي. مصعب ليس بحجة.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٠٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٦٥٧، ٥٧٢٦) من طريق العمرى به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٦٧).","vol":"6","page":317},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على ذَلِكَ خارَ الجِذعُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1228>بابُ الإمامِ يأمُرُ النّاسَ بالجُلوسِ عِندَ استِوائِه على المِنبَرِ</span>\n\n٥٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: استَوَى النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ لِلنّاسِ: \"اجلِسوا\". فسَمِعَه ابنُ مَسعودٍ وهو على بابِ المَسجِدِ فجَلَسَ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَعالَ يا ابنَ مَسعودٍ\" (^٢). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٥٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأنطاكِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كَعبٍ الحَلَبِىُّ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لما استَوَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ على المِنبَرِ قال: \"اجلِسوا\". فسَمِعَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ فجَلَسَ على بابِ المَسجِدِ، فرآه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) خار الجذع: أي أحدث صوتًا. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٨٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه الترمذي (٣٦٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٧٧) من طريق إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٣، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٨٠) من طريق هشام بن عمار به.","vol":"6","page":318},{"text":"فقالَ: \"تَعالَ يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢)، وقيلَ: عن عَطاءٍ قال: أبصَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ابنَ مَسعودٍ خارِجًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ فقالَ: \"تَعالَ يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1229>بابُ الإمامِ يَعتَمِدُ على عَصًا أو قَوسٍ أو ما أشبَهَهُما إذا خَطَبَ</span>\n\n٥٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الوَليدُ بنُ حَمّادِ بنِ جابِرٍ الزَّيّاتُ بالرَّملَةِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مُرَشَّلِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ نُمَيرٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا شِهابُ بنُ خِراشٍ، عن شُعَيبِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ حَزْنٍ الكُلَفِىِّ (^٤) قال: أتَيناه فأَنشأَ يُحَدِّثُنا عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: وفَدنا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - سابِعَ سَبعَةٍ، أو تاسِعَ تِسعَةٍ، فأُذِنَ لَنا عَلَيه فدَخَلنا عَلَيه، فسَلَّمنا فقُلنا: زُرْناكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ لِتَدعوَ اللهَ لَنا، أو تَدعوَ لَنا بخَيرٍ. قال: فدَعا لَنا بخَيرٍ وأَمَرَ بنا فأُنزِلنا، وأَمَرَ لَنا بشَئٍ مِن تَمرٍ والشّأنُ إذ ذاكَ دونٌ (^٥). قال: فأَقَمتُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أيَّامًا شَهِدنا فيها الجُمُعَةَ، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَكّأُ على قَوسٍ - أو قال: على عَصًا -\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٠٩١)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨٦. وقال أبو داود: هذا يعرف مرسلا إنما رواه الناس عن عطاء عن النبي - ﷺ - ومخلد هو شيخ. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٦٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٥٨٨٨).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٥٨٨٩).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٣: \"الكلبى\".\n(^٥) أراد به قلة الأقوات وعدم السعة في الدنيا. شرح أبي داود للعينى ٤/ ٤٣٧.","vol":"6","page":319},{"text":"فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه بكَلِماتٍ خَفيفاتٍ طَيِّباتٍ مُبارَكاتٍ، ثُمَّ قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّكُم (^١) لَن تُطيقوا، أو إنَّكُم لَن تَفعَلوا كُلَّ ما أُمِرتُم به، ولَكِن سَدِّدوا وقارِبوا وأبشِروا\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وغَيرُه عن شِهابِ بنِ خِراشٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الحَرّانِىُّ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ مُؤَذِّنِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن آبائه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا خَطَبَ في الحَربِ خَطَبَ على قَوسٍ، وإِذا خَطَبَ في الجُمُعَةِ خَطَبَ على عَصًا (^٤).\n\n٥٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال. قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقومُ إذا خَطَبَ على عَصًا؟ قال: نَعَم، وكانَ يَعتَمِدُ عَلَيها اعتِمادًا (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1230>بابُ رَفعِ الصَّوتِ بالخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٥٢) من طريق شهاب بن خراش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٥٧)، وأبو داود (١٠٩٦) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٧١).\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦٢١، ١٦٢٢. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١١٠٧) عن هشام بن عمار به. في مصباح الزجاجة (٣٩٣): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف عبد الرحمن فمن فوقه ضعفاه.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٢٤٦) عن ابن جريج به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٤: مرسل.","vol":"6","page":320},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شِيرُويَه (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَطَبَ احمَرَّت عَيناه وعَلا صَوتُه، واشتَدَّ غَضَبُه، حَتَّى كأَنَّه مُنذِرُ جَيشٍ يقولُ: صبَّحَكُم ومَسّاكُم. ويَقولُ: \"بُعِثتُ أنا والسّاعَةَ كَهاتَينِ\". ويُفَرِّقُ بَينَ إصبَعَيه السَّبّابَةِ والوُسطَى ويَقولُ: \"أمّا بَعدُ فإِنَّ خَيرَ الحديثِ كِتابُ اللهِ، وخَيرُ الهَدىِ هَدىُ محمدٍ، وشَرُّ الأُمورِ مُحدَثاتُها، وكُلُّ بدعَةٍ ضَلالَةٌ\". ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"أنا أولَى بكُلِّ مُؤمِنٍ مِن نَفسِه، مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلأهلِه، ومَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا (^١) فإِلَىَّ وعَلَىَّ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\n\n٥٨٢٠ - وكَذا قالَه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرٍ: كان إذا خَطَبَ احمَرَّت عَيناه، وعَلا صَوتُه، واشتَدَّ غَضَبُه. أخبَرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٤). وحَديثُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ أتَمُّ.\n\n٥٨٢١ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن جَعفَرٍ بإِسنادِه فقالَ: كان\n_________\n(^١) الضياع: العيال. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٠٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤١٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٥)، وابن حبان (١٠) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وسيأتي في (٥٨٦٤ - ٥٨٦٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٦٧/ ٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٣٨، ١٧٣٩) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.","vol":"6","page":321},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا ذَكَرَ السّاعَةَ اشتَدَّ غَضَبُه، وارتَفَعَ صَوتُه، واحمَرَّت وجنَتاه كأَنَّه نَذيرُ جَيشٍ: \"صَبَّحتْكُم مَسَّتْكُم\". أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه مُختَصَرًا (^١).\n\n٥٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أنذَرتُكُمُ النّارَ\". حَتَّى لَو كان في مَقامِى هذا لأسمَعَ مَن في السّوقِ حَتَّى خَرَّت خَميصَةٌ (^٢) كانَت على عاتِقِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1231>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَبيينِ الكَلامِ وتَرتيلِه وتَركِ العَجَلَةِ فيهِ</span>\n\n٥٨٢٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَسرُدُ الكَلامَ كَسَردِكُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٥٤) عن محمد بن كثير به مختصرًا. وأحمد (١٤٦٣٠)، والنسائي (١٥٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٨٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦٢) من طريق سفيان. وسيأتي في (٥٨٦٦) من طريق سفيان. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٦١).\n(^٢) الخميصة: هي ثوب خز أو صوف معلم. النهاية ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٧ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٦٠)، وابن حبان (٦٤٤) من طريق شعبة به. وفى (١٨٣٩٩) من طريق سماك به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٤: هذا غريب.","vol":"6","page":322},{"text":"هذا، كان كَلامُه فصلًا بَيِّنًا يَحفَظُه كُلُّ مَن سَمِعَه (^١).\n\n٥٨٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ (^٢) بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكِسائىُّ المِصرِىُّ (^٣) المُقيمُ بمَكَّةَ حَرَسَها اللهُ تَعالَى في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، حدثنا ابنُ الوَنِّ (^٤) علىُّ بنُ العباسِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الغَفّارِ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى بنِ خَلَّادِ بنِ أبي مَسَرَّةَ (^٥)، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لا يَسرُدُ الكَلامَ كَسَردِكُم هذا، ولَكِن كان إذا تَكَلَّمَ تَكَلَّمَ فصلًا يُبَيِّنُه، يَحفَظُه مَن سَمِعَه (^٦).\n\n٥٨٢٥ - وبهَذا الإسنادِ رَواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ وأبو أُسامَةَ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٧).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ قال: قال أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ: أُسامَةُ عن القاسِمِ والزُّهرِىِّ صَحيحانِ جَميعًا.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد ثَبَتَ الحَديثُ في مَعناه عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ وغَيرِه عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢٤٥) من طريق قبيصة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٥: إسناده حسن.\n(^٢) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"البصري\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الوزير\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ١٥.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"ميسرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٦) أخرجه الخطيب في الجامع (٩٩٦) من طريق خلاد بن يحيى به.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٧٧)، وأبو داود (٤٨٣٩) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢٤٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥١).","vol":"6","page":323},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ (^١). قَد مَضى في كِتابِ \"المدخل\" (^٢).\n\n٥٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا ابنُ بشرٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ شَيخًا في المَسجِدِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: كان في كَلامِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَرتيلٌ أو تَرسيلٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1232>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ القَصدِ (^٤) في الكَلامِ وتَركِ التَّطويلِ</span>\n\n٥٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكٌ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنتُ أُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فكانَت صَلاتُه قَصدًا وخُطبَتُه قَصدًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي الأحوَصِ (^٦).\n\n٥٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٦٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٦٥٥)، وابن حبان (٧١٥٣) من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (٢٦٢٠٩)، والبخاري (٣٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (٣٦٥٤)، والترمذي (٣٦٣٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) المدخل (٥٩٣، ٥٩٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب ص ٢٤٤، وأبو داود (٤٨٣٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٠).\n(^٤) في س: \"الاقتصاد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٠٧)، والنسائي (١٥٨١) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٨٦٦/ ٤١).","vol":"6","page":324},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ السُّوائىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يُطيلُ المَوعِظَةَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، إنَّما هِىَ كَلِماتٌ يَسيرَةٌ (^١).\n\n٥٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ البَجَلِىُّ مِن ولَدِ مالِك بنِ مِغوَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ حَيّانَ بنِ الأبجَرِ الكِنانىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبجَرَ، عن أبيه، عن (^٢) واصِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ الأحدَبِ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: خَطَبَنا عَمّارٌ - ﵁ - فأَبلَغَ وأَوجَزَ، فلَمّا نَزَلَ قُلنا: يا أبا اليَقظانِ لَقَد أبلَغتَ وأَوجَزتَ، فلَو كُنتَ تنَفَّستَ (^٣)؟ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ طولَ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ وقِصَرَ خُطبَتِه مَئِنَّةٌ مِن فِقهِه، فأطيلوا الصَّلاةَ وأقصِروا الخُطْبَةَ، وإنَّ مِنَ البَيانِ لَسِحرًا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأبو داود (١١٠٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٣) لو كنت تنفست: أي: أطلت قليلًا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٥٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب ص ٢٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٨٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن عبد الملك به.","vol":"6","page":325},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ (^١).\nويُروَى ذَلِكَ مِن قَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ:\n\n٥٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: إنَّ طولَ الصَّلاةِ وقِصَرَ الخُطبَةِ مَئِنَّةٌ مِن فِقهِ الرَّجُلِ. يقولُ: عَلامَةٌ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: أطِيلُوا هذه الصَّلاةَ، وأَقصِروا هذه الخُطبَةَ. يَعنِى صَلاةَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٣).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَمّارٍ مَرفوعًا مُختَصَرًا:\n\n٥٨٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ (^٤) بنِ سُلَيمانَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي راشِدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٦٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٩٨٨). وأخرجه الطبراني (٩٤٩٣) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٩٠: وروى الطبراني بعضه موقوفا في الكبير ورجال الموقوف ثقات.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٨٨ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٤٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) في س: \"الوهاب\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤١.","vol":"6","page":326},{"text":"بإِقصارِ (^١) الخُطَبِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1233>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على وُجوبِ التَّحميدِ في خُطبَةِ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨٣٣ - في الحديث الثّابِتِ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كانَت خُطبَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَحمَدُ اللهَ ويُثنِى عَلَيه. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ والفَروِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن (^٣) جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٤). وقَد أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^٥).\n\n٥٨٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّرقُفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ أمرٍ ذِى بالٍ لا يُبدأُ فيه بـ: الحَمدُ للهِ (^٦)، أقطَعُ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل \"باقتصار\"، وفى س: \"باقتصاد\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٨٩)، وأبو داود (١١٠٦) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٤٠). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٩٥٢) من طريق ابن أبي أويس به. وسيأتي في (٥٨٦٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٦٧/ ٤٤).\n(^٦) بعده في س: \"فهو\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧١٢)، وأبو داود (٤٨٤٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٢٨)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٤)، وابن حبان (١) من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"6","page":327},{"text":"أسنَدَه قُرَّةُ. ورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وعُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ وشُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n٥٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ البَكراوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عاصمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ خُطبَةٍ لَيسَ فيها شَهادَةٌ كاليَدِ الجَذماءِ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٨٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى قال: قال أبو الفَضلِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ سلمةَ: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ يقولُ: لَم يَروِ هذا الحديثَ عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ إلَّا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ. فقُلتُ له: حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ خُطبَةٍ لَيسَ فيها شَهادَةٌ فهِىَ كاليَدِ الجَذماءِ\" (^٣). فقالَ مسلمٌ: إنَّما تَكَلَّمَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ في أبى هِشامٍ بهَذا الَّذِى رَواه عن ابنِ فُضَيلٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ الَّذينَ يُقبَلُ مِنهُم ما تَفَرَّدوا بهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1234>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على وُجوبِ ذِكرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الخُطبَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ [الشرح: ٤].\n\n٥٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٤٨٤٠) عن يونس وعقيل وشعيب وسعيد. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠١٨)، وأبو داود (٤٨٤١)، وابن حبان (٢٧٩٦) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٠٦) عن أبي هشام به وقال: حسن صحيح غريب.","vol":"6","page":328},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ قال: لا أُذكَرُ إلَّا ذُكِرْتَ؛ أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءَمَةِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما جَلَسَ قَومٌ مَجلِسًا لَم يَذكُروا فيه رَبَّهم ولَم يُصَلُّوا على نَبيِّهِم - ﷺ - إلا كان تِرَةً (^٣) عَلَيهِم يَومَ القيامَةِ، إن شاءَ أخَذَهُمُ اللهُ وإن شاءَ عَفا عَنهُم\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1235>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه يَعِظُهُم في خُطبَتِه ويُوصِيهم بتَقوَى اللهِ، ويَقرأُ شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n٥٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٧)، وفى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٦٣، والرسالة للشافعي (٣٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٨٠، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٤٩٤ من طريق ابن عيينة.\n(^٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٤٩٨ إلى سعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر وابن عساكر.\n(^٣) أصل الترة: النقص، ومعناها ههنا التبعة. معالم السنن ٤/ ١١٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (١٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧٦٤)، والترمذي (٣٣٨٠) من طريق سفيان به وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":329},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كانَت لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - خُطبَتانِ يَجلِسُ بَينَهُما ويَقرأُ القُرآنَ ويُذَكِّرُ النّاسَ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ مُسَدَّدٍ: يَقرأُ. لَيسَ فيه واوٌ. ورَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1236>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه يَدعُو في خُطبَتِهِ</span>\n\n٥٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن حُصينٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ رُوَيبَةَ قال: رأَى بشرَ بنَ مَرْوانَ رافِعًا يَدَيه فقالَ: قَبَّحَ اللهُ هاتَينِ اليَدَينِ، لَقَدْ رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما يَزيدُ على أن يَقولَ بيَدِه هَكَذا. وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه المُسَبِّحَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٨٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ روَيبَةَ، أنَّه رأَى بشرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٥١). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠٩٤) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٦٢/ ٣٤).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٤٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٨٨٢) عن الحسن بن سفيان. وأحمد (١٧٢١٩)، ومسلم (٨٧٤/. . .)، وأبو داود (١١٠٤)، والترمذي (٥١٥)، والنسائي (١٤١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٩٣) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٤/ ٥٣).","vol":"6","page":330},{"text":"مَروانَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في الدُّعاءِ وهو على المِنبَرِ، فقال: انظُروا إلَى هذا - قال: وشَتَمَه - لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وما يَزيدُ على هذا. وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه السَّبّابَةِ (^١)\n\n٥٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي ذُبابٍ (^٢)، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - شاهِرًا يَدَيه قَطُّ يَدعو على مِنبَرِه ولا على غَيرِه، ولَكِن رأيتُه يقولُ هَكَذا. وأَشارَ بالسَّبّابَةِ، وعَقَدَ الوُسطَى بالإِبهامِ (^٣).\nوالقَصدُ مِنَ الحديثَينِ إثباتُ الدُّعاءِ في الخُطبَةِ، ثُمَّ فيه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ ألّا يَرفَعَ يَدَيه في حالِ الدُّعاءِ في الخُطبَةِ، ويَقتَصِرَ على أن يُشيرَ بإِصبَعِه، وثابِتٌ (^٤) عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنه مَدَّ يَدَيه ودَعا، وذَلِكَ حينَ استَسقَى في خُطبَةِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٥)؛ فرُوّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان لا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في شَئٍ مِن دُعائِه إلَّا في الاستِسقاءِ حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إبطَيهِ (^٦). ورُوّينا عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَطَبَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ دَعا فأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه وأَمَّنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٩٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"دياب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٠١.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٠٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٥٠) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٥٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٤٠).\n(^٤) في س: \"رويت\".\n(^٥) سيأتي (٦٥٢٠، ٦٥٢١).\n(^٦) سيأتي (٦٥١٩).","vol":"6","page":331},{"text":"النّاسُ (^١). ورَواه قُرَّةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ مَوصولًا ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1237>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ قِراءَتُه في الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُختٍ لِعَمرَةَ قالَت: أخَذتُ ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾ مِن في رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وهو يَقرأُ بها على المِنبَرِ في كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدّارِمِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبَيبِ (^٤) بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَعنٍ، عن ابنَةٍ لِحارِثَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ قالَت: ما حَفِظتُ ﴿ق﴾ إلَّا مِن فِي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ بها كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ. قالَت: وكانَ تَنُّورُنا وتَنُّورُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٦١) عن الزهري.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٠٢) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وفى (١١٠٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٧٢/ ٥٠).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"حبيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٢٧.","vol":"6","page":332},{"text":"واحِدًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ حَمّادٍ المَعْنىُّ الشيخُ الصّالِحُ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، عن أُمِّ هِشامٍ بنتِ حارِثَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ قالَت: لَقَد كان معنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بُيوتِنا، وإِنَّ تَنُّورَنا وتَنُّورَه واحِدٌ سَنَتَينِ أو سنةً وبَعضَ أُخرَى، وما أخَذتُ ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾ إلَّا عن لِسانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، كان يَقرأُ بها كُلَّ يَومِ جُمُعَةٍ على النّاسِ إذا خَطَبَهُم (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nوأُمُّ هِشامٍ بنتُ حارِثَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ هِىَ أُختُ عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ لأُمِّها.\n\n٥٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٨٦) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (٢٧٦٢٨) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٧٣/ ٥١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٣١)، وأحمد (٢٧٤٥٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٨٧) من طريق يحيى بن عبد الله به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٣/ ٥٢).","vol":"6","page":333},{"text":"الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى يَعنِى ابنَ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وهو يَقرأُ على المِنبَرِ: ﴿وَنَادَوْا يَامَالِكُ لِيَقْضِ عَلَيْنَا رَبُّكَ﴾ (^١) [الزخرف: ٧٧]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن أبي نُعَيمٍ وَهْبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن حَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يَقرأُ في خُطبَتِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ: ﴿إِذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ﴾ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ: ﴿عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَا أَحْضَرَتْ﴾ [التكوير: ١ - ١٤] ثُمَّ يَقطَعُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٦٤٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٧٩) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٧٩٦١) - وعنه أبو داود (٣٩٩٢) - والبخاري (٣٢٣٠)، والترمذي (٥٠٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨١٩)، ومسلم (٨٧١/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٣٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠١. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٥٩: في إسناده انقطاع.","vol":"6","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1238>بابُ إذا حُصِرَ الإمامُ لُقِّنَ</span>\n\n٥٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الإِسْفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ الكاهِلِىُّ، عن المُسَوَّرِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأسَدِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ في الصَّلاةِ فتَرَكَ شَيئًا لَم يَقرأْه، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تَرَكتَ آيَةَ كَذا وكَذا. قال - يَعنِى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فهَلَّا ذكَّرتَنِيها (^١) إِذَنْ؟ \". قال: كُنتُ أُراها نُسِخَت (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣).\n\n٥٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ أظُنُّه ابنَ العَلاءِ بنِ زَبرٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى صَلاةً يَقرأُ فيها فالتَبَسَ عَلَيه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال لأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ: \"أصَلَّيتَ معنا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما مَنَعَكَ أن تَفتَحَ علىَّ؟ \" (^٤). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أذكرتنيها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٤٨) من طريق الحميدي به. والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٤٨)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤١) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٩٠٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٠٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٣٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٤٢)، والطبراني (١٣٢١٦) من طريق هشام بن عمار به.\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (٩٠٧) من طريق هشام بن إسماعيل عن محمد بن شعيب به. دون قوله: \"أن تفتح على\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٨٠٣).","vol":"6","page":335},{"text":"ورَواه حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبزَى عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا في قِصَّةِ أُبَىٍّ (^١). ورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٥٨٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ العباسِ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بَزيعٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كُنّا نَفتَحُ على الأئمَّةِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٥٨٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا جاريَةُ (^٤) ابنُ هَرِمٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُلَقِّنُ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا في الصَّلاةِ (^٥).\n\n٥٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كُنتُ قاعِدًا بمَكَّةَ فإِذا رَجُلٌ عِندَ المَقامِ طَيِّبُ الرّيحِ يُصَلِّى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ١/ ١٠٧ عن حميد به. وأحمد (١٥٣٦٥)، والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٩٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢٤٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبزى به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٦٩: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث (١٤٣ - بغية).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٦ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٩ عن عبد الصمد به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"حارثة\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٦ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٤٠٠، ٤٠١ من طريق زياد بن أيوب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٩: جارية متروك، وعبد الله بن بزيع قال الدارقطني: ليس بقوى.","vol":"6","page":336},{"text":"وإِذا رَجُلٌ قاعِدٌ خَلفَه يُلَقِّنُه فإِذا هو عثمانُ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n٥٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التّاجِرُ الأصبَهانِىُّ بالرَّىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الوَسقَندِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ قال: كُنتُ أُلَقِّنُ ابنَ عُمَرَ في الصَّلاةِ، فلا يقولُ شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n٥٨٥٤ - وعن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ، فلَمّا قرأَ ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٧] جَعَلَ يَقرأُ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، مِرارًا يُرَدِّدُها، فقُلتُ: ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ﴾ فقَرأَها، فلَمّا فرَغَ لَم يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ البِرْتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ طَهمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِىَّ يقولُ: كان أنَسٌ إذا قامَ يُصَلِّى قامَ خَلفَه غُلامٌ مَعَه مُصحَفٌ، فإِذا تَعايا في شَئٍ فتحَ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٠١٥) من طريق شعبة به، وفيه: عامر بن عبدة. بدلا من: عامر بن سعد. قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٣٩: في طريقه الكديمى - يعني محمد بن يونس - وليس بثقة.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٨٢٦).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٨٢٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبن أبي شيبة (٧٢٩٣) من طريق عيسى بن طهمان به.","vol":"6","page":337},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ القارِئِ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ يَفتَحُ على مَرْوانَ في الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٥٨٥٧ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا علىُّ، أُحِبُّ لَكَ ما أُحِبُّ لِنَفسِى، وأَكرَهُ لَكَ ما أكرَهُ لِنَفسِى؛ لا تَقرأْ وأَنتَ راكِعٌ ولا وأَنتَ ساجِدٌ، ولا تُصَلِّ وأَنتَ عاقِصٌ (^٢) شَعرَكَ فإِنَّه كِفلُ (^٣) الشَّيطانِ، ولا تُقْعِ (^٤) بَينَ السَّجدَتَينِ، ولا تَعبَثْ بالحَصباءِ، ولا تَفتَرِشْ ذِراعَيكَ، ولا تَفتَحْ على الإمامِ، ولا تَخَتَّمْ بالذَّهَبِ، ولا تَلبَسِ القَسِّىَّ، ولا تَركَبْ على المَياثِرِ (^٥) \".\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: أبو إسحاقَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِنَ الحارِثِ إلَّا أربَعَةَ أحاديثَ لَيسَ هَذا مِنها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣٢٦.\n(^٢) العقص: جمع الشعر على الرأس، وقيل: لَيُّه وإدخال أطرافه في أصوله. المغرب ٢/ ٧٤.\n(^٣) كفل الشيطان: يعني مقعده. النهاية ٤/ ١٩٢.\n(^٤) تقدم كلام المصنف على الإقعاء في (٢٧٧٣ - ٢٧٨٣).\n(^٥) تقدم معنى الميثرة في (٩٩).\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٤) عن يزيد بن هارون. والترمذي (٢٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٨٩٤) من طريق إسرائيل به. وأبو داود (٩٠٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٩٣).\n(^٦) أبو داود عقب (٩٠٨).","vol":"6","page":338},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: والحارِثُ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - ما يَدُلُّ على جَوازِ الفَتحِ على الإمامِ:\n\n٥٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ - قال إسماعيلُ: أحسِبُه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: هَكَذا حَفِظتُه (^٢) أنا عنه، ثُمَّ بَلَغَنِى بَعدُ عنه أنه كان لا يَشُكُّ فيه -: إذا استَطعَمَكُمُ الإمامُ فأَطعِموه (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن عبدِ الأعلَى عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مِن قَولِه نَحوَ الأوَّلِ، وزادَ: قُلنا: ما استِطعامُه؟ قال: إذا تَعايا فسَكَتَ فافتَحوا عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٨٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُيَسَّرٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن تَفتَحَ على الإمامِ إذا استَطعَمَكَ. قُلتُ لأبِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: ما استِطعامُ الإمامِ؟ قال: إذا سَكَتَ (^٥).\n\n٥٨٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٣٣).\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"أحفظه\".\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣٢٥، ٣٢٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٣١) عن الثوري به.\n(^٥) أحمد بن منيع - كما في المطالب العالية (٤٩٩).","vol":"6","page":339},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إذا استَطعَمَكُمُ الإمامُ فأَطعِموه.\n\n٥٨٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ يَعنِى الأبّارَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، أُراه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إذا استَطعَمَكُمُ الإمامُ فأَطعِموه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1239>بابُ الإمامِ يَقرأُ على المِنبَرِ آيَةَ السَّجدَةِ</span>\nقَد مَضى في هَذا حَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النَّبىِّ - ﷺ - في أبوابِ سُجودِ التِّلاوَةِ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قرأَ السَّجدَةَ وهو على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فنَزَلَ فسَجَدَ فسَجَدوا مَعَه، ثُمَّ قرأَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى فتَهَيَّئوا لِلسُّجودِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: على رِسلِكُم، إنَّ اللهَ لَم يَكتُبْها عَلَينا إلَّا أن نَشاءَ. فقَرأَها فلَم يَسجُدْ ومَنَعَهُم أن يَسجُدوا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ١/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٧٩٣).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٢٠٦. وتقدم في (٣٨١١).","vol":"6","page":340},{"text":"٥٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُوَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، أنَّ عَمّارًا - ﵁ - قرأَ على المِنبَرِ: ﴿إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ﴾ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فسَجَدَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1240>بابٌ: كَيفَ يُستَحَبُّ أن تَكونَ الخُطبَةُ</span>؟\n\n٥٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ والفَرْوِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: خُطبَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَحمَدُ اللهَ ويُثنِى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ يقولُ على أثَرِ ذَلِكَ، وقَد عَلا صَوتُه، واشتَدَّ غَضَبُه، واحمَرَّت وَجْنَتاه كأَنَّه مُنذِرُ جَيشٍ يقولُ: صَبَّحَكُم أو مَسّاكُم. ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"بُعِثتُ أنا والسّاعَةَ كَهاتَينِ\". وأَشارَ بإِصبَعِه الوُسطَى والَّتِى تَلِى الإِبهامَ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"إنَّ أفضَلَ الحديثِ كِتابُ اللهِ، وخَيرُ الهَدىِ هَدىُ محمدٍ، وشَرُّ الأُمورِ مُحدَثاتُها، وكُلُّ بدعَةٍ ضَلالَةٌ، مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلأهلِه، ومَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا فإِلَىَّ وعَلَىَّ\" (^٢). لَفظُ ابنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ.\n\n٥٨٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٢٨٤) عن سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٤٢٧٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٨٣٣).","vol":"6","page":341},{"text":"ابنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: كانَت خُطبَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^١). فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه سَواءً. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ فيَحمَدُ اللهَ ويُثنِى عَلَيه بما هو أهلُه، ويَقولُ: \"مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، وخَيرُ الحديثِ كِتابُ اللهِ، وخَيرُ الهَدْىِ هَدْىُ محمدٍ، وشَرُّ الأُمورِ مُحدَثاتُها، وكُلُّ مُحدَثَةٍ بدعَةٌ، وكُلُّ بدعَةٍ ضَلالَةٌ\". وكانَ إذا ذَكَرَ السّاعَةَ عَلا صَوتُه واحمَرَّت وجنَتاه واشتَدَّ غَضَبُه، كأنَّه مُنذِرُ جَيشٍ يقولُ: صَبَّحَكُم ومَسّاكُم. \"مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، ومَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا فإِلَىَّ وعَلَىَّ، أنا ولِىُّ المُؤمِنينَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٥٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٢٩٨) من طريق خالد بن مخلد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٦٧/ ٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٦) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (٥٨٢١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٦٧/ ٤٥).","vol":"6","page":342},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، قال أبى: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ ضِمادًا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وكانَ مِن أزدِ شَنوءَةَ، وكانَ يَرقِى مِن هذه الرِّيحِ (^١)، فسَمِعَ سُفَهاءَ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ يَقولونَ: إنَّ محمدًا مَجنونٌ. فقالَ: لَو أنِّى رأَيتُ هَذا الرَّجُلَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ يَشفِيه على يَدَىَّ؟ قال: فلَقيَه فقالَ: يا محمدُ إنِّي أرقِى مِن هذه الرّيحِ، وإِنَّ اللهَ يَشفِى على يَدَىَّ مَن يَشاءُ، فهَل لَكَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الحَمدَ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه، مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، وأَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أمّا بَعدُ\". فقالَ: أعِدْ علَىَّ كَلِماتِكَ هَؤُلاءِ. فأَعادَهُنَّ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ فقالَ: لَقَد سَمِعتُ قَولَ الكَهَنَةِ وقَولَ السَّحَرَةِ وقَولَ الشُّعَراءِ، فما سَمِعتُ مِثلَ كَلِماتِكَ هَؤُلاءِ، ولَقَد بَلَغنَ ناعوسَ (^٢) البحرِ، فقالَ: هاتِ يَدَكَ أُبايِعْكَ على الإِسلامِ. فبايَعَه فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وعَلَى قَومِكَ؟ \". قالَ: وعَلَى قَومِى. قال: فبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً فمَرُّوا بقَومِه، فقالَ صاحِبُ السَّريَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) المراد بالريح هنا الجنون ومس الجن. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٥٧.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"قاعوس\".\nوقال النووي ﵀: ضبطناه بوجهين أشهرهما \"ناعوس\" بالنون والعين، هذا هو الموجود في أكثر نسخ بلادنا، والثانى \"قاموس\" بالقاف والميم، وهذا الثاني هو المشهور في روايات الحديث في غير صحيح مسلم، وقال القاضي عياض: أكثر نسخ صحيح مسلم وقع فيها \"قاعوس\" بالقاف والعين. قال: ووقع عند أبى محمد بن سعيد \"تاعوس\" بالتاء المثناة فوق. . . وقاموس البحر وسطه. . . .. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٦/ ١٥٧، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٢/ ١٥٠، والنهاية ٥/ ٨١.","vol":"6","page":343},{"text":"لِلجَيشِ: هَل أصَبتُم مِن هَؤُلاءِ شَيئًا؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: أصَبتُ مِنهُم مِطهَرَةً. فقالَ: رُدّوها فإِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ قَومُ ضِمادٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٥٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: عَلَّمَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خُطبَةَ الحاجَةِ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه ونَستَغْفِرُه، ونَعوذُ بالله مِن شُرورِ أنفُسِنا، مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضْلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه ﴿اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٠٢]، ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا﴾ [النساء: ١]، ﴿اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا (٧٠) يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا﴾ \" (^٣) [الأحزاب: ٧٠، ٧١].\n\n٥٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القضاء والقدر (٢٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٢٧٥)، والنسائي (٣٢٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٣) من طريق داود به وعندهم بذكر المرفوع.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٦٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤١٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٢٣) من طريق المسعودى به. والترمذي (١١٠٥)، والنسائي (٣٢٧٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٢: الحديث صحيح أخرجه أهل السنن من طريق الأعمش وإسرائيل وزهير عن أبي إسحاق، وقد قصر المؤلف بسياقه.","vol":"6","page":344},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو العَوّامِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه، عن أبي عِيَاضٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتَشَهَّدُ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه، نَعوذُ بالله مِن شُرورِ أنفُسِنا، مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، وأَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أرسَلَه بالحَقِّ بَشيرًا ونَذيرًا بَينَ يَدَىِ السّاعَةِ، مَن يُطِعِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد رَشَدَ، ومَن يَعصِه فإِنَّه لا يَضُرُّ اللهَ شَيئًا، ولا يَضُرُّ إلَّا نَفسَه\" (^١).\n\n٥٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ أنَّه سأَلَ ابنَ شِهابٍ عن تَشَهُّدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: \"إنَّ الحَمدَ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه ونَستَغفِرُه، ونَعوذُ به مِن شُرورِ أنفُسِنا، مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضلِل فلا هادِىَ له، وأَشهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أرسَلَه بالحَقِّ بَشيرًا ونَذيرًا بَينَ يَدَىِ السّاعَةِ، مَن يُطِعِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد رَشَدَ، ومَن يَعصِهِما فقَد غَوَى، نَسأَلُ اللهَ رَبَّنا أن يَجعَلَنا مِمَّن يُطيعُه ويُطيعُ رسولَه، ويَتَّبِعُ رِضوانَه ويَجتَنِبُ سَخَطَه، فإِنَّما نَحنُ به ولَه\" (^٢). قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وبَلَغَنا عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يقولُ إذا خَطَبَ: \"كُلُّ ما هو آتٍ قَريبٌ، لا بُعدَ لِما هو آتٍ، لا يَعجَلُ اللهُ لِعَجَلَةِ أحَدٍ، ولا يَخِفُّ (^٣) لأمرِ النّاسِ، ما شاءَ اللهُ لا ما شاءَ النّاسُ، يُريدُ النّاسُ أمرًا ويُريدُ اللهُ أمرًا، وما شاءَ اللهُ كان ولَو كَرِهَ النّاسُ، لا مُبَعِّدَ لما قَرَّبَ اللهُ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٠٩٧، ٢١١٩) من طريق الضحاك بن مخلد به، وسيأتي في (١٣٩٤٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣٨، ٤٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وفى (٥٦) من طريق عقيل عن الزهري.\n(^٣) في ص ٣، م: \"يخفف\".","vol":"6","page":345},{"text":"مُقَرِّبَ لما بَعَّدَ اللهُ، فلا يَكونُ شَئٌ إلَّا بإِذنِ اللهِ\" (^١). قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ في خُطبَتِه: أفلَحَ مِنكُم مَن حُفِظَ مِنَ الهَوَى والطَّمَعِ والغَضَبِ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ الصِّدقِ مِنَ الحديثِ خَيرٌ، مَن يَكذِبْ يَفجُرْ، ومَن يَفجُرْ يَهلِكْ، إيَّاكُم والفُجورَ، ما فُجورُ امرِئٍ خُلِقَ مِنَ التُّرابِ وإِلَى التُّرابِ يَعودُ، وهو اليَومَ حَىٌّ وغَدًا مَيِّتٌ؟! اعمَلوا عَمَلَ يَومٍ بيَومٍ، واجتَنِبوا دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ، وعُدّوا أنفُسَكُم مِنَ المَوتَى (^٢).\n\n٥٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ الحَنظَلِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأُوَيسِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أخِى ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمِّه، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ في خُطبَتِه: أفلَحَ مِنكُم مَن حُفِظَ مِنَ الهَوَى والغَضَبِ والطَّمَعِ ووُفِّقَ إلَى الصِّدقِ في الحديثِ، فإِنَّه يَجُرُّه إلَى الخَيرِ، مَن يَكذِبْ يَفجُرْ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما بَعدَه (^٣).\n\n٥٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ النَّهدِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٣٤٦) من طريق أبى العباس به. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٥٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الزهد (٤٩) من طريق ابن وهب عن يونس عن الزهري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الزهد (٤٨)، وابن أبي الدنيا في الصمت (٤٨٨)، والمصنف في الشعب (١٠٦١٠) من طريق الأويسى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٣: إسناده جيد.","vol":"6","page":346},{"text":"حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِىُّ، عن نُبيطِ بنِ شَريطٍ قال: كُنتُ رِدفَ أبِى علَى عَجُزِ الرَّاحِلَةِ، والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ عِندَ الجَمرَةِ فقالَ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه ونَستَغفِرُه، وأَشهَدُ أن لا إلَه إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أوصيكُم بتَقوَى اللهِ، أىُّ يَومٍ أحرَمُ؟ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: هَذا. قال: \"فأَىُّ شَهرٍ أحرَمُ؟ \". قالوا: هَذا. قال: \"فأَىُّ بَلَدٍ أحرَمُ\". قالوا: هَذا البَلَدُ. قال: \"فإِنَّ دِماءَكُم وأَموالَكُم حَرامٌ عَلَيكُم، كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هَذا، في شَهرِكُم هَذا، في بَلَدِكُم هَذا\" (^١).\n\n٥٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الحَمّامِىِّ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على إبراهيمَ بنِ الهَيثَمِ وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن أبي الزّاهِريَّةِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّما الدُّنيا عَرَضٌ حاضِرٌ، يأكُلُ مِنها البَرُّ والفاجِرُ، والآخِرَةُ وعدٌ صادِقٌ، يَحكُمُ فيها [مَلِكٌ عادِلٌ] (^٢)، يُحِقُّ فيها الحَقَّ ويُبطِلُ الباطِلَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٩٧) من طريق أبى مالك به دون موضع الشاهد عندهما. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ٢٩، ٣٠ عن مالك بن إسماعيل به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٣: موسى لا أعرفه، لكن خرج الحديث النسائي مختصرا من طريق مروان بن معاوية عن أبي مالك، وخرجه أبو داود والنسائي من حديث سلمة بن نبيط عن رجل عن نبيط عن أبيه شريط وقال: كان واقفا بعرفة. اهـ. وينظر سنن أبي داود (١٩١٦) دون ذكر شريط، وسنن النسائي (٣٠٠٧، ٣٠٠٨)، وسنن ابن ماجه (١٢٨٦)، وعندهما دون ذكر الرجل ودون ذكر شريط والد نبيط.\n(^٢) في س: \"عدل صادق\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١٩٨ من طريق إبراهيم بن الهيثم به، وعنده: سعيد بن سنان. =","vol":"6","page":347},{"text":"٥٨٧٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ البَجَلِىُّ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ أبو سعيدٍ العامِرِىُّ التَّمّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا عياضُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثُّمالِىُّ، عن هُرَيمِ بنِ سُفيانَ البَجَلِىِّ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن زُبَيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: كانَت خُطبَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الدُّنيا عَرَضٌ حاضِرٌ، يأكُلُ مِنها البَرُّ والفاجِرُ، وإِنَّ الآخِرَةَ وعْدٌ صادِقٌ، يَقضِى فيها مَلِكٌ قادِرٌ، ألا وإنَّ الخَيرَ كُلَّه بحَذافيرِه في الجَنَّةِ، ألا وإنَّ الشَّرَّ كُلَّه بحَذافيرِه في النّارِ، واعمَلوا وأَنتُم مِنَ اللهِ على حَذَرٍ، واعلَموا أنَّكُم مَعروضونَ على أعمالِكُم، وأَنَّكُم مُلاقو اللهِ رَبِّكُم لا بُدَّ منه ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ \" (^١) [الزلزلة: ٧، ٨].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1241>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الكَلامِ في الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن عَدِىٍّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: خَطَبَ\n_________\n= بدلا من: إسماعيل بن سنان. وكذا أخرجه الطبراني (٧١٥٨)، وعنه أبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٢٦٤ من طريق سعيد بن سنان به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٤: لا أعرف هذا، وللحديث شاهد.\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٤: مع ضعفه في سنده انقطاع.","vol":"6","page":348},{"text":"رَجُلٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: مَن يُطِعِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد رَشَدَ، ومَن يَعصِهِما فقَد غَوَى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بئسَ الخَطيبُ (^١) أنتَ، قُلْ: ومَن يَعصِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد غَوَى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ. ولَم يَذكُرِ العَدَنِىُّ قَولَه: \"قُلْ: ومَن يَعصِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد غَوَى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ يَسارٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقولوا: ما شاءَ اللهُ وشاءَ فُلانٌ. ولَكِن قولوا: ما شاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ شاءَ فُلانٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٥٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن قُتَيلَةَ بنتِ صَيفِىٍّ الجُهَنِىِّ قالَت: جاءَ حَبرٌ مِنَ الأحبارِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا محمدُ، نِعمَ القَومُ أنتُم لَولا أنتُم تُشرِكونَ. قال: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ! وما ذَلِكُم (^٥)؟ \". قال: تَقولونَ إذا حَلَفتُم بالكَعبَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"خطيب القوم\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٠٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٧٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ١٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٦٥)، وأبو داود (٤٩٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٨٢١) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٤: إسناده صالح.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"ذلك\".","vol":"6","page":349},{"text":"فأَمهَلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ فليَحلِفْ برَبِّ الكَعبَةِ\". ثُمَّ قال: نِعمَ القَومُ أنتُم لَولا أنَّكُم تَقولونَ: ما شاءَ اللهُ وشاءَ فُلانٌ. فأَمهَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن قال: ما شاءَ اللهُ. فليَجعَلْ بَينَهُما: ثُمَّ شِئتَ\" (^١).\n\n٥٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأجلَحُ أبو حُجَيَّةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصمِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فكَلَّمَه في بَعضِ الأمرِ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ما شاءَ اللهُ وشِئتَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أجَعَلتَنِى واللهَ عِدْلًا؟ بَل ما شاءَ اللهُ وحدَه\" (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1242>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الدُّعاءِ لأحَدٍ بعَينِه أو على أحَدٍ بعَينِه في الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: الَّذِى أرَى الناسَ يَدعُونَ به في الخُطبَةِ يَومَئذٍ، أبَلَغَكَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أو عَمَّن بَعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: لا، إنَّما أُحدِثَ، إنَّما كانَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٩٣) من طريق المسعودى به. والنسائي (٣٧٨٢) من طريق معبد به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح النسائي (٣٥٣٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٢٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٨٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢١١٧) من طريق الأجلح به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٤٦): هذا إسناد فيه الأجلح بن عبد الله مختلف فيه؛ ضعفه أحمد وأبو حاتم والنسائي وأبو داود وابن سعد، ووثقه ابن معين والعجلى ويعقوب بن سفيان، وباقى الإسناد ثقات.","vol":"6","page":350},{"text":"الخُطبَةُ تَذكيرًا (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ وغَيرِه في خُطبَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٥٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: نُبِّئتُ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ: أن لا يُسَمَّى أحَدٌ في الدُّعاءِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1243>بابُ كَلامِ الإمامِ في الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٥٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ أحمدُ بنُ المِقدامِ العِجلِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وعارِمٌ وعَمرُو بنُ عَونٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ فقالَ له: \"أصَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"قُمْ فاركَعْ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٤٧، ١٧٤٨)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٨٢٣ - ٥٨٢٩، ٥٨٣٣، ٥٨٣٩ - ٥٨٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٨١٨٢) عن معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٣٣) عن أحمد بن المقدام به. وأبو داود (١١١٥) من طريق سليمان بن =","vol":"6","page":351},{"text":"عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n٥٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ جاءَ ومَروانُ يَخطُبُ، فقامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، فَجاءَ إلَيه الأحراسُ ليُجلِسوه، فأَبَى أن يَجلِسَ حَتَّى صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، فلَمّا قَضَينا الصَّلاةَ أتَيناه فقُلنا: يا أبا سعيدٍ كادَ هَؤُلاءِ أن يَفعَلوا بكَ. فقالَ: ما كُنتُ لأدَعَها لِشَئٍ بَعدَ شَئٍ رأَيتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ رأَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - جاءَ رَجُلٌ وهو يَخطُبُ، فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ بهَيئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ فقالَ: \"أصَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\". قال: ثُمَّ حَثَّ الناسَ على الصَّدَقَةِ فأَلقَوْا ثيابًا، فأَعطَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنها الرَّجُلَ ثَوبَينِ، فلَمّا كانَتِ الجُمُعَةُ الأُخرَى جاءَ رَجُلٌ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أصَلَّيتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\". ثُمَّ حَثَّ النّاسَ على الصَّدَقَةِ فطَرَحَ أحَدَ ثَوبَيه، فصاحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"خُذْه\". فأَخَذَه ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"انظُروا إلَى هَذا، جاءَ تِلكَ الجُمُعَةَ بهَيئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ، فأَمَرتُ النّاسَ بالصَّدَقَةِ، فطَرَحوا ثيابًا فأَعطَيتُه مِنها ثَوبَينِ، فلَمّا جاءَت هذه الجُمُعَةُ أمَرتُ النّاسَ بالصَّدَقَةِ، فجاءَ فأَلقَى أحَدَ ثَوبَيه\" (^٢).\n_________\n= حرب به. والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٦٠) من طريق عارم به. والترمذي (٥١٠)، والنسائي (١٤٠٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^١) البخاري (٩٣٠)، ومسلم (٨٧٥/ ٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٦٩٩)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٨، ١٩٩. وتقدم في (٥٧٥٩).","vol":"6","page":352},{"text":"ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عَنه (^١).\n\n٥٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الخُزاعِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أبى رِفاعَةَ العَدَوِىِّ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وهو يَخطُبُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رَجُلٌ غَريبٌ جاءَ يَسأَلُ عن دينِه لا يَدرِى ما دينُه. فأَقبَلَ إلَىَّ وتَرَكَ خُطبَتَه، فأُتِىَ بكُرسِىٍّ خِلتُ قَوائمَه حَديدًا، فجَعَلَ يُعَلِّمُنِى مِمّا عَلَّمَه اللهُ، ثُمَّ أتَى خُطبَتَه وأَتَمَّ آخِرَها (^٢).\n\n٥٨٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ القارِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٤).\n\n٥٨٨٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٩٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٣٥) من طريق يحيى به. وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٣٧٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٦. وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠٠) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٥٣)، والنسائي (٥٣٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٥٧) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٧٦).","vol":"6","page":353},{"text":"المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى بُرَيدَةَ يقولُ: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُنا، فجاءَ الحَسَنُ والحُسَينُ وعَلَيهِما قَميصانِ أحمَرانِ يَمشيانِ ويَعثُرانِ، فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فحَمَلَهُما فوَضَعَهُما بَينَ يَدَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"صَدَقَ اللهُ، ﴿إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ [التغابن: ١٥]، نَظَرتُ إلَى هَذَينِ الصَّبيَّينِ يَمشيانِ ويَعثُرانِ، فلَم أصبِرْ حَتَّى قَطَعتُ حَديثى ورَفَعتُهُما\" (^١). ورَواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عن الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٥٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: قامَ أبى في الشَّمسِ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ، فأَمَرَ به فقُرِّبَ إلَى الظِّلِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى قَيسٌ، عن أبيه، أنَّه جاءَ ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ فقامَ في الشَّمسِ، فأَمَرَ به فحوِّلَ إلَى الظِّلِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٧٧٤)، والنسائي (١٤١٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٥٦) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٢٠٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥١٧) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٨٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥١٥)، وابن حبان (٢٨٠٠) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٥٥١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٥٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٣٧).","vol":"6","page":354},{"text":"٥٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لما استَوَى على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قال: \"اجلِسوا\". فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ فجَلَسَ، فرآه فقالَ: \"تَعالَ يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ\" (^١).\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن عَطاءٍ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n٥٨٨٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: أبصَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ خارِجًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ، فقالَ: \"تَعالَ يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1244>بابُ الإِنصاتِ لِلخُطبَةِ </span>(^٣)\n\n٥٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٨١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو إسماعيل الهروى في ذم الكلام (٢٧٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه الحارث (١٠١٨ - بغية) من طريق عطاء. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٧: قوى أبو داود المرسل وقال في الأول: رواه مخلد بن يزيد، ومخلد شيخ. ثم قال الذهبي: وساقه المؤلف من طريق معاذ بن معاذ ثنا ابن جريج. فثبت.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"للجمعة\".","vol":"6","page":355},{"text":"بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قُلتَ لصاحِبِكَ: أنصِتْ. يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقَد لَغَوتَ\".\n\n٥٨٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قال لِصاحِبِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ: أنصِتْ. فقَد لَغا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قارِظٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لِصاحِبِه: أنصِتْ. والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ فقَد لَغا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٥١٢)، والنسائي (١٤٠٠) عن قتيبة به. وابن خزيمة (١٨٠٥) من طريق عقيل به. وأحمد (١٠٧٢٠)، وأبو داود (١١١٢)، والنسائي (١٥٧٦)، وابن ماجه (١١١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧٩٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٣٤)، ومسلم (٨٥١/ ١١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٥٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٤١٤، ٥٤١٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧٩٥).","vol":"6","page":356},{"text":"حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\n\n٥٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قُلتَ لِصاحِبِكَ: أنصِتْ. والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقَد لَغَوتَ\" (^٢).\n\n٥٨٩٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ مَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"لَغَيتَ\". قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: \"لَغَيتَ\" لُغَةُ أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٥٨٩٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال أبو الزِّنادِ: إنَّما هِىَ لُغَةُ أبي هريرةَ وإِنَّما هِىَ \"لَغَوتَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٥).\nورَواه ابنُ عَجلانَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ بزيادَةِ لَفظَةٍ فيهِ:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٥١/. . .).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥١)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٣، ومالك ١/ ١٠٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥٣) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٥١/ ١٢).","vol":"6","page":357},{"text":"٥٨٩٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قُلتَ لِصاحِبِكَ: أنصِتْ. يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقَد لَغَوتَ، عَلَيكَ بنَفسِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٥٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأبو كامِلٍ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَحضُرُ الجُمُعَةَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ؛ فرَجُلٌ [حَضَرَها يَلغو] (^٢) فهو حَظُّه مِنها، ورَجُلٌ حَضَرَها بدعاء (^٣) فهو رَجُلٌ دَعا اللهَ، إن شاءَ أعطاه وإن شاءَ مَنَعَه، ورَجُلٌ حَضَرَها بإِنصاتٍ وسُكوتٍ، ولَم يَتَخَطَّ رَقَبَةَ مُسلِمٍ، ولَم يُؤذِ أحَدًا، فهِىَ كَفّارَةٌ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ التي تَليها وزيادَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، وذَلِكَ بأَنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا﴾ \" (^٤) [الأنعام: ١٦٠].\n\n٥٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فوائد الفاكهى (٣). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٠/ ٢١٣ من طريق ابن أبي مسرة به. وابن المقرئ في معجمه (٩٣٧) من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"يحضرها بلغو\".\n(^٣) في ص ٣، م: \"يدعو\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١١١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨١٣) من طريق يزيد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٨٤).","vol":"6","page":358},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى شَريكٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^١)، عن أبي ذَرٍّ أنَّه قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ، فجَلَستُ قَريبًا مِن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، فقَرأَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سورَةَ \"بَراءَةَ\"، فقُلتُ لأُبَيٍّ: مَتَى نَزَلَت هذه السُّورَةُ؟ فحُصِرَ ولَم يُكَلِّمْنِي، فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاتَه قُلتُ لأُبَيٍّ: إنِّي سأَلتُكَ فنَجَهتَنِى (^٢) ولَم تُكَلِّمْنِى. فقالَ أُبَيٌّ: ما لَكَ مِن صَلاتِكَ إلَّا ما لَغَوتَ. فذَهَبتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كُنتُ بجَنبِ أُبَيٍّ وأَنتَ تَقرأُ \"بَراءَةَ\" فسأَلتُه: مَتَى أُنزِلَت هذه السّورَةُ؟ فنَجَهَنِى ولَم يُكَلِّمْنِي، ثُمَّ قال: ما لَكَ مِن صَلاتِكَ إلَّا ما لَغَوتَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"صَدَق أُبَيٌّ\" (^٣).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شَريكٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ أو (^٤) أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ وجَعَلَ القِصَّةَ بَينَهُما. ورَواه حَربُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، وجَعَلَ القِصَّةَ بَينَه وبَينَ أُبَيٍّ (^٥)، ورَواه عيسَى بنُ جاريَةَ (^٦) عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذه القِصَّةِ بَينَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ وأُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٧)، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"السائب\".\n(^٢) نَجَهْت الرجل نَجْهًا: إذا استقبلته بما يكفه عنك. غريب الحديث للحربي ٢/ ٥٠١.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٠٧، ١٨٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٣٠) من طريق حرب بن قيس. وقال الهثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٨٥: ورجال أحمد موثقون.\n(^٦) في س: \"حارثة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٥٨٨.\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٧٩٤) من طريق عيسى به.","vol":"6","page":359},{"text":"الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فجَعَلَ مَعنَى هذه القِصَّةِ بَينَ رَجُلٍ غَيرِ مُسَمًّى وبَينَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وجَعَلَ المُصيبَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ بَدَلَ أُبَيٍّ (^١). ولَيسَ في البابِ أصَحُّ مِنَ الحديثِ الَّذِى ذَكَرنا إسنادَه واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٢)، فقَد رَواه أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مُرسَلًا بَينَ أبى ذَرٍّ وبَينَ أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ في شَئٍ سأَلَه عَنه (^٣).\nوأَسنَدَه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ:\n\n٥٨٩٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَة قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إذ قال أبو ذَرٍّ لأُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ: مَتَى أُنزِلَت هذه السُّورَةُ؟ فلَم يُجِبْه، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه قال له: ما لَكَ مِن صَلاتِكَ إلَّا ما لَغَوتَ. فأَتَى أبو ذَرٍّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"صدَقَ أُبَيٌّ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1245>بابُ الإِنصاتِ لِلخُطبَةِ وإِن لَمْ يَسمَعْها</span>\n\n٥٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حدثنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٠٩) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٨: لكنه مرسل، فإن عطاء لم يدرك أبا ذر.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٤٢٤) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٤٨٦).","vol":"6","page":360},{"text":"جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ، عن مَولًى لامرأَتِه أُمِّ عثمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ غَدَتِ الشَّياطينُ براياتِها إلَى الأسواقِ يأخُذونَ النّاسَ بالرَّبائثِ (^١) ويُذَكِّرونَهُمُ الحَوائجَ ويُثَبِّطونَهُم عن الجُمُعَةِ، وتَغدو المَلائكَةُ براياتِها إلَى أبوابِ المَساجِدِ يَكتُبونَ على رَجُلٍ السّاعَةَ التي جاءَ فيها، فُلانٌ جاءَ مِن ساعَةٍ، فُلانٌ مِن ساعَتَينِ. فإِذا الرَّجُلُ جَلَسَ مَجلِسًا يَستَمكِنُ فيه مِنَ الاستِماعِ والنَّظَرِ وأَنصَتَ ولَم يَلغُ كان له كِفلانِ (^٢) مِنَ الأجرِ، وإِذا جَلَسَ (^٣) مَجلِسًا فنأَى وأَنصَتَ ولَم يَلغُ كان له كِفلٌ (^٤) مِنَ الأجرِ، ومَن جَلَسَ مَجلِسًا يَستَمكِنُ فيه مِنَ الاستِماعِ والنَّظَرِ فلَغا ولَم يُنصِتْ كان عَلَيه كِفلانِ - أو قال: كِفلٌ - مِن وِزرٍ، ومَن قال لأخيه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ: صَهْ. فقَد لَغا، ومَن لَغا فلَيسَ له مِن جُمُعَتِه شَئٌ. ثُمَّ يقولُ في آخِرِ ذَلِكَ: قَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٥). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٦).\n\n٥٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابن أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الربائث: جمع رَبِيثة، وهى الأمر الذي يحبس الإنسان عن مَهامِّه. النهاية ٢/ ١٨٢.\n(^٢) الكِفْل بالكسر: الحظ والنصيب. النهاية ٤/ ١٩٢.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"فيه\".\n(^٤) في س: \"كفلان\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٩) من طريق عطاء به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٤٩: الخراساني صاحب تدليس، وهنا قد دلس عن مجهول.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٠٥١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣٠).","vol":"6","page":361},{"text":"الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ، عن مالكِ بنِ أبي عامِرٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ في خُطبَتِه، قَلَّما يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ إذا خَطَبَ: إذا قامَ الإمامُ يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فاستَمِعوا وأَنصِتوا؛ فإِنَّ لِلمُنصِتِ الَّذِى لا يَسمَعُ مِنَ (^٢) الحَظِّ مِثلَ ما لِلسَّامِعِ المُنصِتِ، فإِذا قامَتِ الصَّلاةُ فاعدِلوا الصُّفوفَ وحاذوا بالمَناكِبِ، فإِنَّ اعتِدالَ الصُّفوفِ مِن تَمامِ الصَّلاةِ. ثُمَّ لا يُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يأتيَه رِجالٌ قَد وكَّلَهُم بتَسويَةِ الصُّفوفِ، فيُخبِرونَه أن قَدِ استَوَت فيُكَبِّرُ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يَذكُرَ اللهَ في نَفسِه تَكبيرًا وتَهليلًا وتَسبيحًا. قال: وأخبرَنا قال: لا أعلَمُ إلَّا أنَّ مَنصورَ بنَ المُعتَمِرِ أخبرَنِى أنَّه سأَلَ إبراهيمَ: أيقرأُ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ [وهو لا يَسمَعُ الخُطبَةَ؟] (^٤) فقالَ: عَسَى ألا يَضُرَّكَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1246>بابُ الإِشارَةِ بالسُّكوتِ دونَ التَّكَلُّمِ به</span>\nيُذكَرُ عن زَيدِ بنِ صُوحانَ أنَّه قال: إذا تَكَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ وكانَ مِنكَ قَريبًا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٨٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"في\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٣، ومالك ١/ ١٠٤.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥٦، ١٧٥٧)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٤.","vol":"6","page":362},{"text":"فاغمِزْه، وإِن كان بَعيدًا فأَشِرْ إلَيهِ (^١)\n\n٥٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السّاعَةُ؟ فأَشارَ إلَيه النّاسُ أنِ اسكُتْ، فسأَلَه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يُشيرونَ إلَيه أنِ اسكُتْ، فقال له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ الثّالِثَةِ: \"ويحَكَ ماذا أعدَدتَ لَها؟ \". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1247>بابُ حُجَّةِ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ الإِنصاتَ لِلإِمامِ اختيارٌ، وأَنَّ الكَلامَ فيما يَعنيه أو يَعنِى غَيرَه والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ مُباحٌ</span>\n\n٥٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: \"صَلَّيتَ يا فُلانُ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"قُمْ فاركَعْ\" (^٣). لَفظُ عارِمٍ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٤)، وقَد مَضَى في هَذا حَديثُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٣٨١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٥٦).\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (١٧٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٧٣) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٨٨١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٣٠)، ومسلم (٨٧٥/ ٥٤).","vol":"6","page":363},{"text":"أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ وجَماعَةٍ في بابِ كَلامِ الإمامِ في الخُطبَةِ (^١)، وحَديثُ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى طَلَبَ الاستِسقاءَ مُخَرَّجٌ في كِتابِ (^٢) الاستِسقاءِ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: أصابَتِ النّاسَ سَنَةٌ (^٤) على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فبَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَخطُبُ النّاسَ فأَتاه أعرابِيٌّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هَلَكَ المالُ، وجاعَ العيالُ، فادعُ اللهَ لَنا. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِى يَدَيه - وما نَرَى في الماءِ قَزَعَةً (^٥)، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه ما وضَعَها حَتَّى ثارَت سَحابٌ كأَمثالِ الجِبالِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَنزِلْ عن المِنبَرِ حَتَّى رأَيتُ المَطَرَ يَتَحادَرُ على لحيَتِه، فمُطِرْنا يَومَنا ذَلِكَ، ومِنَ الغَدِ، ومِن بَعدِ الغَدِ، والَّذِى يَليه، حَتَّى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَي، فقامَ ذَلِكَ الأعرابِيُّ - أو قال: رَجُلٌ غَيرُه - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تَهَدَّمَ البِناءُ، وجاعَ العيالُ، فادعُ اللهَ لَنا. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا\". قال: فما يُشيرُ بيَدِه (^٦) إلَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٨٨٢ - ٥٨٨٩).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"طلب\".\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٦٥١٨).\n(^٤) السنة: القحط والجدب. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٥) قزعة: أي قطعة من الغَيْم، وجمعها: قَزَعٌ. النهاية ٤/ ٥٩.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بيديه\".","vol":"6","page":364},{"text":"ناحيَةٍ مِنَ السَّحابِ إلَّا انفَرَجَت حَتَّى صارَتِ المَدينَةُ مِثلَ الجَوبَةِ (^١)، وسالَ الوادِى وادِى قَناةَ (^٢) شَهرًا، ولَم يَجِئْ أحَدٌ مِن ناحيَةٍ مِنَ النَّواحِى إلَّا حَدَّثَ بالجَودِ (^٣) (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^٥) مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^٦).\n\n٥٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ شادِلِ بنِ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو مَرْوانَ يَعنِى العُثمانِيَّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ الرَّهطَ الَّذينَ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ بخَيبَرَ ليَقتُلوه، فقَتَلوه وقَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو قائمٌ على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ رآهُم: \"أفلَحَتِ الوُجوه\". فقالوا: أفلَحَ وجهُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"أقَتَلتُموه؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فدَعا بالسَّيفِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ به وهو قائمٌ على المِنبَرِ فسَلَّه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أجَلْ، هَذا طَعامُه في ذُبابِ السَّيفِ\".\n_________\n(^١) الجوبة: المكان المتسع من الأرض، وقيل: هو الفجوة بين البيوت. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٦٣.\n(^٢) قناة: واد واسع من أودية المدينة يستسيل مناطق شاسعة من شرق الحجاز تصل إلى مهد الذهب جنوبًا، وإلى أواسط حرة خيبر شمالًا وبينهما قرابة مائتى كيل، أما من الشرق فإنه يأخذ مياه الربذة ورحرحان والشقران على قرابة ١٥٠ كيلا من المدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٠١، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٥٨.\n(^٣) الجود، بفتح الجيم، المطر الغزير. النهاية ١/ ٣١٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٩٣)، والنسائي (١٥٢٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٥) بعده في الأصل: \"وغيره\".\n(^٦) البخاري (١٠١٨، ١٠٣٣)، ومسلم (٨٩٧/ ٩).","vol":"6","page":365},{"text":"وكانَ الرَّهطُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عَتيكٍ، وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ، وأَسوَدَ بنَ خُزاعِيٍّ، حَليفٌ لَهُم - وأبو قَتادَةَ فيما يَظُنُّ الزُّهرِيُّ - ولا يَحفَظُ الزُّهرِيُّ الخامِسَ (^١). وهَذا وإِن كان مُرسَلًا فهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، وهَذِه قِصَّةٌ مَشهورَةٌ فيما بَينَ أربابِ المَغازِى. وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ.\nورُوِىَ عن أبي الأسوَدِ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. فذَكَرا هذه القِصَّةَ وذَكَرا مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ مَسعودَ بنَ سِنانٍ:\n\n٥٩٠٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَسّانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرا هذه القِصَّةَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا مُختَصرًا:\n\n٥٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الخالِقِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا يحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٥٩). وأخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٤٦٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٤٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٨ من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٤٦٤، ٤٦٥ عن إبراهيم بن المنذر به.","vol":"6","page":366},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ، عن أبيه قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ (^١)، فلَمّا رَجَعتُ وهو يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قال: \"أفلَحَ الوَجهُ\". قُلتُ: ووَجهُكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فأَفلَحَ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بتَمامِه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ مَوصولًا (^٣).\n\n٥٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا أبو عَمّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو عَمّارٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُبَيلٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لما دَنَوتُ مِن مَدينَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَختُ راحِلَتِى وحَلَلتُ عَيبَتِى (^٤) فلَبِستُ حُلَّتِي، فدَخَلتُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخْطُبُ، فسَلَّمَ عليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فرَمانِى النّاسُ بالحَدَقِ، فقُلتُ لِجَليسِى: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ هَل ذَكَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن أمرِى شَيئًا؟ قال: نَعَم ذَكَرَكَ بأَحسَنِ الذِّكرِ؛ بَينَما هو يَخطُبُ إذ عَرَضَ له في خُطبَتِه فقالَ: \"إنَّه سَيَدخُلُ عَلَيكم مِنْ هَذا البابِ - أو مِن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الواقدى ١/ ٣٩١ - ٣٩٤ من طريق عطية بن عبد الله بن أنيس مطولا.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٩٠٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن عن جده أبى أمه عن عبد الله بن أنيس. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٩٨: وفيه إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن مجمع وهو ضعيف.\n(^٤) العَيْبة: وعاء من جلد يكون فيه المتاع، والجمع عِياب وعِيَب. ينظر لسان العرب ١/ ٦٣٤ (ع ي ب).","vol":"6","page":367},{"text":"هَذا الفَجِّ - مِن خَيرِ ذِى يَمَنٍ، وإِنَّ على وجهِه لَمَسحَةَ مَلَكٍ (^١) \". فحَمِدتُ اللهَ على ما أبلانِى (^٢).\n\n٥٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -، وعُمَرُ - ﵁ - على المِنبَرِ يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: أيَّةُ ساعَةٍ هَذِهِ؟ فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: ما كان إلَّا الوُضوءُ. قال: والوُضوءَ أيضًا، وقَد عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُنا بالغُسلِ (^٣)!\n\n٥٩١١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ موسَي، عن أبيه قال: قال عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - وهو على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَخطُبُ، لِرَجُلٍ: هَلِ اشتَرَيتَ لأهلِنا (^٤) هَذا؟ و(^٥) أَشارَ بطَرَفِ إصبَعِه، يَعنِى الحِنطَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) يقال: على وجهه مسحة ملك ومسحة جمال: أي أثر ظاهر منه؛ لأنهم أبدًا يصفون الملائكة بالجمال، ولا يقال ذلك إلا في المدح. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٨، ٣٥٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٥ وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧ عن أبي حازم به. وابن خزيمة (١٧٩٨)، وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٠٤) عن الحسين بن حريث به. وأحمد (١٩١٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٩٧) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٥٢٩٢)، وعنه أحمد (٢٠٢)، والترمذي (٤٩٤). وتقدم في (١٤١٦، ١٤١٧، ٥٧٢٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٤٠٩).\n(^٤) في س: \"لأجلنا\".\n(^٥) في م: \"أو\".\n(^٦) في ص ٣، م: \"الخطبة\".","vol":"6","page":368},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1248>بابُ مَنْ قال: يَرُدُّ السَّلامَ ويُشَمِّتُ العاطِسَ</span>\n\n٥٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبِ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَبعٍ ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريض، واتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، ورَدِّ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِي، وإِبرارِ القَسَمِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، ونَهانا عن خاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعن الشُّربِ في آنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ (^١)، وعن الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ والإِستَبرَقِ والقَسِّىِّ والمِيثَرَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٥٩١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا فيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسٌ تَجِبُ لِلمُسلِمِ على أخيه؛ رَدُّ السَّلامِ، وتَشميتُ (^٤) العاطِسِ،\n_________\n= ولم نجده بهذا السياق، وأخرج عبد الرزاق (٥٣٨٨) نحوه عن عمر بن الخطاب.\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الذهب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٤٤)، والبخاري (٥٨٣٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦١٢) من طريق سفيان به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وتقدم في (٩٩). وسيأتي في (٦١٣٥، ١١٦١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٤٩، ٦٦٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦/. . .).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"تسميت\" بالسين المهملة، قال ابن الأثير: وقيل: اشتقاق تسميت العاطس من السمت، وهو الهيئة الحسنة، أي: جعلك الله على سمت حسن، لأن هيئته تنزعج للعطاس. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٧.","vol":"6","page":369},{"text":"وعيادَةُ المَريضِ، واتِّباعُ الجَنائزِ (^١)، وإِجابَةُ الدَّعوَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣)، وأَشارَ إلَيه البُخارِىُّ (^٤).\n\n٥٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا عَطَسَ الرَّجُلُ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فشَمِّتْه\" (^٥). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ (^٦).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ مِن قَولِه (^٧)، وعن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في رَدِّ السَّلامِ (^٨)، وعن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ في تَشميتِ (^٩) العاطِسِ ورَدِّ السَّلامِ (^١٠)، ورُوِىَ عنه أنَّه كَرِهَه (^١١)، ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال في السَّلامِ: يَرُدُّ في نَفسِه. وسُئلَ عن التَّشميتِ (^١٢) فنَهَى عنه (^١٣)، وعن ابنِ سيرينَ في السَّلامِ أنَّه كان يَرُدُّ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"الجنازة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٣٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وسيأتي في (٦٦٩٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٤).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (١٢٤٠).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"فسمته\"، وفي م: \"فيشمت\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٦٣). والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٣. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٥٢: واه.\n(^٧) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ٤/ ٧٢، والتمهيد ١٠/ ٢٢١.\n(^٨) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٤٤٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٠١).\n(^٩) في الأصل: \"تسميت\".\n(^١٠) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٤٣٧)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٩٩).\n(^١١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٤٤١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٠٨).\n(^١٢) في الأصل: \"التسميت\".\n(^١٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٤٣٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٠٦)، وفيهما ذكر التشميت فقط.","vol":"6","page":370},{"text":"إيماءً ولا يَتَكَلَّمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1249>بابُ كَراهِيَةِ مَسِّ الحَصَى</span>\n\n٥٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَوَضّأَ فأَحسَنَ الوُضوءَ، ثُمَّ أتَى الجُمُعَةَ، فدَنا وأَنصَتَ واستَمَعَ، غُفِرَ له مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ، وزيادَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ، وإِن مَسَّ الحَصى فقَد لَغا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣). وفيه دَليلٌ على أنَّ الوُضوءَ يُجزِئُ مِن غُسلِ الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1250>بابُ استِئذانِ المُحدِثِ الإمامَ</span>\nقال اللهُ جَلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ﴾ [النور: ٦٢] قال مُجاهِدٌ: ذاكَ في الغَزوِ والجُمُعَةِ، وإِذنُ الإمامِ أن يُشيرَ بيَدِهِ (^٤). وعن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: في الحَربِ ونَحوِها (^٥). وعن مَكحولٍ قال: هِىَ في\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٣٠٥).\n(^٢) أبو جعفر البخترى في مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٣٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٨٤)، وأبو داود (١٠٥٠)، والترمذي (٤٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٠٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٥٦)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٢٣١) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٥٧/ ٢٧).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٥١١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٥٠).\n(^٥) ينظر تفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٨/ ٢٦٥٢.","vol":"6","page":371},{"text":"الغَزوِ والجُمُعَةِ ولَيسَت بمَنسوخَةٍ (^١). وعن عَطاءٍ قال: رأَيتُهُم يَستأذِنونَ الإمامَ وهو يَخطُبُ، يُشيرُ الرَّجُلُ بيَدِه ويُشيرُ الإمامُ ولا يَتَكَلَّمُ (^٢). وكانَ مالكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ يقولُ: لَيسَ عَلَيه أن يَستأذِنَ الإمامَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إذا أرادَ أن يَخرُجَ (^٣).\n\n٥٩١٦ - ودَلَّ على صِحَّةِ قَولِه ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أحدَثَ أحَدُكُم في صَلاتِه فليأخُذْ بأَنفِه ثُمَّ ليَنصَرِفْ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السّينانِيُّ وعُمَرُ بنُ عليٍّ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (^٥)، ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن هِشامٍ مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكر عائشةَ فيهِ (^٦).\nورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن هِشامٍ مُرسَلًا قال: إذا أحدَثَ أحَدُكُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فليُمسِكْ على أنفِه ثُمَّ ليَخرُجْ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٥٠٧)، وتفسير ابن جرير ١٧/ ٣٨٥، ٣٨٦.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٥٠٧).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٠٦.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٨٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (١١١٤) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٣٩) من طريق الفضل به. وابن ماجه (١٢٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠١٩)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٨) من طريق عمر بن على المقدمى به.\n(^٦) أخرجه مسدد - كما في الاتحاف (٢٠٩٣) من طريق هشام مرسلًا. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٤/ ١٦٠، ١٦١.\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٣٢) عن الثوري عن هشام بلفظ: \"إذا أحدث أحدكم في الصلاة. . .\".","vol":"6","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1251>بابُ الإمامِ يَتَكَلَّمُ بَعدَ ما يَنزِلُ مِنَ المِنبَرِ</span>\n\n٥٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن جَريرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِيَّ ذَكَرَ عن أنَسِ بنِ في مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَعرِضُ له الرَّجُلُ بَعدَ ما تُقامُ الصَّلاةُ وبَعدَ ما يَنزِلُ مِنَ المِنبَرِ، فيَقومُ مَعَه حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حاجَتَه ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: قال أبو داودَ في هَذا الحديثِ: لَيسَ بمَعروفٍ عن ثابِتٍ، وهو ممَّا تَفَرَّدَ به جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه البخاريُّ ﵀.\n\n٥٩١٨ - والمَشهورُ عن ثابِتٍ ما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ وهو ابنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا حِبّانُ (^٣)، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (^٤)، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٠١)، وأبو داود (١١٢٠)، والترمذي (٥١٧)، والنسائي (١٤١٨)، وابن ماجه (١١١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٣٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٤٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١١٢٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"حيان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٤) في م: \"عمارة\".","vol":"6","page":373},{"text":"قال: أُقيمَت صَلاةُ العِشاءِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: لِى حاجَةٌ. فقامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُناجيه حَتَّى نامَ القَومُ أو بَعضُ القَومِ ثُمَّ صَلَّوا. لَفظُ حَديثِ حِبّانَ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ حَجّاجٍ قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ صَلاةُ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ لِى حاجَةً. فقامَ مَعَه يُناجيه حَتَّى نَعَسَ بَعضُ القَومِ وجاءَ فصَلَّى. ولَم يَذكُرْ أنَّهُم تَوَضَّئوا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٥٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: سأَلتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِيَّ عن الرَّجُلِ يَتَكَلَّمُ بَعدَ ما تُقامُ الصَّلاةُ، فحَدَّثَنِى عن أنَسٍ قال: أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فعَرَضَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ فحَبَسَه بَعدَ ما أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَيَّاشٍ الرَّقّامِ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٥).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ عن أنَسٍ وقَد مَضى ذِكرُه (^٦). ورَواه الزُّهرِيُّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حيان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٧٦/ ١٢٦).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥٤٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٣).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٣٢٩).\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٦٣) من طريق الزهري.","vol":"6","page":374},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1252>بابُ مَن تَكُونُ خَلفَه الجُمُعَةُ، مِن أميرٍ ومأمورٍ وغَيرِ أميرٍ، حُرًّا كان أو عبدًا</span>\n\n٥٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه خَرَجَ إلَى الرَّبَذَةِ وعَلَى الماءِ عبدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقيلَ: أبو ذَرٍّ، فنَكَصَ العَبدُ، فقالَ له أبو ذَرٍّ: تَقَدَّمْ، إن خَليلِى - ﷺ - أوصانِى أن أسمَعَ وأُطيعَ، وإِن كان عبدًا مُجَدَّعَ الأطرافِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٥٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِيُّ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، ثُمَّ شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، ثُمَّ شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وعُثمانُ - ﵁ - مَحصورٌ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٦١٥٢)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٤٣٩). وتقدم في (٥١٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٣٧٦).","vol":"6","page":375},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَة، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عَدِىِّ بنِ الخيارِ أخبَرَه أنَّه دَخَلَ على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - الدّارَ وهو مَحصورٌ، وعَلِيُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّى لِلنّاسِ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إنِّي أتَحَرَّجُ في الصَّلاةِ مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ وأَنتَ مَحصورٌ وأَنتَ الإِمامُ، فكَيفَ تَرَى في الصَّلاةِ مَعَهُم؟ فقالَ له عثمانُ - ﵁ -: إنَّ الصَّلاةَ أحسَنُ ما يَعمَلُ النّاسُ، فإِذا أحسَنوا فأَحسِنْ مَعَهُم، وإِذا أساءوا فاجتَنِبْ إساءَتَهُم (^١).\nوسائرُ الآثارِ في هَذا المَعنَى قَد مَضَت في بابِ الإمامَةِ (^٢)\n\n٥٩٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عِمرانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مُلَيلٍ (^٣) السَّليحِيُّ (^٤) إلَى قُضاعَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبى قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ جالِسًا قَريبًا مِنَ المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فخَرَجَ محمدُ بنُ أبى حُذَيفَةَ فاستَوَى على المِنبَرِ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ، ثُمَّ قرأَ عَلَيهِم سورَةً مِنَ القُرآنِ، وكانَ مِن أقرإِ الناسِ، فقالَ عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ: صَدَقَ اللهُ ورسولُه، إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيَقرأَنَّ القُرآنَ رِجالٌ لا يُجاوِزُ تَراقيَهِم، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كما يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّةِ\".\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٣/ ٤٠، ٤١ عن شعيب به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٩٦، ٥٣٩٧).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"مليك\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٨٨، والمؤتلف والمختلف ٤/ ١١٥.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"السيلحى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٢٨٣.","vol":"6","page":376},{"text":"فسَمِعَها ابنُ أبي حُذَيفَةَ فقالَ: واللِه لَئن كُنتَ صادِقًا، وإِنَّكَ ما عَلِمتُ لَكَذوبٌ، إنَّكَ مِنهُم. قال عبدُ اللهِ، يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ: حَملُ هَذا الحديثِ أنَّهُم يُجَمِّعونَ مَعَهُم ويَقولونَ لَهُم هذه المَقالَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1253>بابُ مَن لَمْ يَرَ الجُمُعَةَ تُجزِئُ خَلفَ الغُلامِ لَم يَحتَلِمْ</span>\n\n٥٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن ابنِ أبي يَحيَى، عن داودَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يَؤُمُّ الغُلامُ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ (^٢). مَوقوفٌ مُطلَقٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1254>بابُ ما دَلَّ على جَوازِ إمامَتِه في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حَبيبٍ الجَرْمِيَّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سَلِمَةَ، أنَّ أباه ونَفَرًا مِن قَومِه وفَدوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أسلَمَ النّاسُ، فتَعَلَّموا القُرآنَ، فلَمَّا قَضَوا حاجَتَهُم قالوا: مَن يُصَلِّى بنا، أو لَنا؟ فقالَ: \"يُصَلِّى بكُم أكثَرُكُم أخذًا - أو جَمعًا - لِلقُرآنِ\". قال: فجاءوا إلَى قَومِهِم فسأَلوا فلَم يَجِدوا أحَدًا جَمَعَ - أو\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥٠٧، ٥٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٣١: رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجالهما ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٣٨٤٧) عن ابن أبي يحيى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٥٥: ابن أبي يحيى ضعيف، وروايات داود عن عكرمة تُكُلم فيها.","vol":"6","page":377},{"text":"أخَذَ - مِنَ القُرآنِ أكثَرَ مِمَّا جَمَعتُ - أو أخَذتُ - وأَنا يَومَئذٍ غُلامٌ وعَلَيَّ شَملَةٌ لِي، فقَدَّمونِى فصَلَّيتُ بهِم، فما شَهِدتُ مَجمَعًا مِن جَرْمٍ إلَّا وأَنا إمامُهُم إلَى يَومِى هَذا. قال مِسعَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ: وكانَ يُصَلِّى بهِم على جَنائزِهِم وفِي مَساجِدِهِم حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِهِ (^١).\nورُوّيناه في بابِ الإمامَةِ عن أيُّوبَ السَّختِيانِيِّ، عن عمرٍو، وقالَ في الحديثِ: وأَنا ابنُ سَبعِ سِنينَ، أو سِتِّ سِنينَ. وفِي رِوايَةٍ: سَبعٍ أو ثَمانٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٣٣٦، ٧/ ٨٩، والطحاوى مختصرًا في شرح المشكل (٣٩٦٤) من طريق يزيد به. وتقدم في (٥٢٠٥).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٢٠٣).","vol":"6","page":378},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1255>جِماعُ أبوابِ التَّبكيرِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1256>بابُ فضلِ التَّبكيرِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ أبو محمدٍ الهِلالِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ كان على كُلِّ بابٍ مِن أبوابِ المَسجِدِ مَلائكَةٌ يَكتُبونَ النَّاسَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ، فالمُهَجِّرُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ كالمُهدِى بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِى يَليه كالمُهدِى بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِى يَليه كالمُهدِى كَبشًا - حَتَّى ذَكَرَ الدَّجاجَةَ والبَيضَةَ - فإِذا جَلَس الإمامُ طَوَوُا الصُّحُفَ واجتَمَعوا لِلخُطبَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٥٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال. وقالَ: \"يَكتُبونَ النّاسَ على مَنازِلِهِم؛ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ، فإِذا جَلَسَ الإمامُ طَوَوُا الصُّحُفَ واستَمَعوا الخُطبَةَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ المُهَجِّرَ بمَعناه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٤٦). وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٨/ ٦٥ من طريق سعدان به. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٨)، والنسائي (١٣٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٠٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٦٩) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٢٠١٦٧) من طريق سعدان.\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ٥٨٧ (٨٥٠/. . .).","vol":"6","page":379},{"text":"٥٩٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ وقَفَتِ المَلائكَةُ على بابِ المَسجِدِ ويَكتُبونَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ، فمَثَلُ المُهَجِّرِ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِى يُهدِى بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى كَبشًا، ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى دَجاجَةً، ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى بَيضَةً، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ طَوَوُا صُحُفَهُم ويَستَمِعونَ الذِّكرَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٥٩٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، [قال إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي] (^٣): حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن سُمَيٍّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ غُسلَ الجَنابَةِ ثُمَّ راحَ فكأَنَّما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٦٨) عن يزيد به. وأحمد (٧٧٦٦)، والنسائي (١٣٨٤) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٤٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٢٩)، ومسلم ٢/ ٥٨٧ (٨٥٠/ ٢٤).\n(^٣) ليس في الأصل، س، ص ٣. وفي م: \"الصفار\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"في المنقول منه في الأم بياض بين عبيد وبين: حدثنا عبد الله. وكتب في الحاشية ما هذا مثاله: وقع في أصل المؤلف في حاشية مكان هذا البياض: قال إسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضي\". وهو الصواب بإثبات إسماعيل بن إسحاق كما تقدم في (٢٠٣، ٧١٩، ٢٠٢٧، ٢١٠٧، ٢٤٧٢، ٢٦٥٥) وغيرها.","vol":"6","page":380},{"text":"قَرَّبَ بَدَنَةً، ومَن راحَ في السَّاعَةِ الثّانيَةِ فكأَنَّما (^١) قَرَّبَ بَقَرَةً، ومَن راحَ في السَّاعَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فكأَنَّما قَرَّبَ كَبشًا أقرَنَ، ومَن راحَ في السّاعَةِ الرّابِعَةِ فكأَنَّما قَرَّبَ دَجاجَةً، ومَن راحَ في السَّاعَةِ الخامِسَةِ فكأَنَّما قَرَّبَ بَيضَةً، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ حَضَرَتِ المَلائكَةُ يَستَمِعونَ الذِّكرَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، أخبرَنا مَطَرٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَقعُدُ مَلائكَةٌ على أبوابِ المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَكتُبونَ مَجِئَ النّاسِ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ الإمامُ، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ طُوِيَتِ الصُّحُفُ ورُفِعَتِ الأقلامُ\". قال: \"فتَقولُ المَلائكَةُ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: ما حَبَسَ فُلانًا؟ وما حَبَس فُلانًا؟ \" قال: \"فتَقولُ المَلائكَةُ: اللَّهُمَّ إن كان مَريضًا فاشفِه، وإِن كان ضالًّا فاهدِه، وإِن كان عائلًا فأَغنِه\" (^٤).\n\n٥٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"فإنما\"\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٧٧)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦، ومالك ١/ ١٠١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٢٦)، والترمذي (٤٩٩)، والنسائي (١٣٨٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥١) عن القعنبى به. والنسائي (١٣٨٦) من طريق سمى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٨١)، ومسلم (٨٥٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٧١) من طريق حجاج به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٥٧: إسناده صالح.","vol":"6","page":381},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ، عن أوسِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وذَكَرَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ: \"مَن غَسَّلَ واغتَسَلَ، وغَدا وابتَكَرَ، ودَنا وأَنصَتَ واستَمَعَ، غُفِرَ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ وزيادَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ، ومَن مَسَّ الحَصى فقَد لَغا\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ الذِّمَارِيُّ وحَسَّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ (^٢)، وذَكَرَ حَسَّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ سَماعَ أوسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٥٩٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن عثمانَ الشَّامِيِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيَّ، عن أوسِ بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن غَسَّلَ واغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، وغَدا وابتَكَرَ، ودَنا واقتَرَبَ، واستَمَعَ وأَنصَتَ، كان له بكُلِّ خُطْوَةٍ يَخطُوها أجرُ قيامِ سنةٍ وصيامِها\" (^٣).\nهَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، والوَهمُ في إسنادِه ومَتنِه مِن عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٦٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٥٨) من طريق حسين بن على به. وأحمد (١٦١٧٥)، والنسائي (١٣٨٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٣١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٧٨)، والترمذي (٤٩٦)، والنسائي (١٣٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٦٧) من طريق يحيى بن الحارث به. وسيأتي مسندًا في (٥٩٤٤) من طريق حسان بن عطية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٣٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٥٤) عن روح به.","vol":"6","page":382},{"text":"الشّامِىِّ هَذا، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن أوسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوّينا عن مَكحولٍ أنَّه قال: في قَولِه: \"غَسَّلَ واغتَسَلَ\": يَعنِى غَسَلَ رأسَه وجَسَدَه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢)، وهَذا هو الصحيحُ؛ لأنَّهُم كانوا يَجعَلونَ في رُءوسِهِمُ الخِطْمِيَّ (^٣) أو غَيرَه، فكانوا أوَّلًا يَغسِلونَ رُءوسَهُم ثُمَّ يَغتَسِلونَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1257>بابُ صِفَةِ المَشىِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩].\n\n٥٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: ما سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَقرَؤُها إلَّا: (فامضُوا إلَى ذِكرِ اللهِ) (^٤).\n\n٥٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٠).\n(^٣) الخطمى: نوع من النبات يغسل به الرأس. اللسان ١٢/ ١٨٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٦٣٨، والدارقطني في العلل ٢/ ٢٥٣ من طريق سفيان به. وقراءة: (فامضوا) شاذة؛ لمخالفتها رسم المصحف، ولعلها مما نسخت تلاوته، أو كان قبل العرضة الأخيرة، أو مما انعقد الإجماع على تركه؛ لإجماع الصحابة على اتباع مصحف عثمان.","vol":"6","page":383},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: ومَعقولٌ أنَّ السَّعىَ في هَذا المَوضِعِ العَمَلُ لا السَّعيُ على الأقدامِ؛ قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى﴾ [الليل: ٤]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ﴾ [الإسراء: ١٩]. وقالَ: ﴿وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُمْ مَشْكُورًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٢٢]. وقالَ: ﴿وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٩]. وقالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٠٥].\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبي ذَرٍّ ما يُؤَكِّدُ هَذا:\n\n٥٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خَرَجتُ إلَى المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فلَقِيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ - ﵁ -، فبَينا أنا أمشِى إذ سَمِعتُ النِّداءَ، فرَفَعتُ في المَشىِ (^٣)؛ لِقَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾. فجَذَبَنى جَذبَةً كِدتُ أن أُلاقيَه، فقالَ: أوَلَسنا في سَعيٍ (^٤)؟!\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٧٩)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٦.\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ١٩٦.\n(^٣) رفع في السير: إذا بالغ فيه. ينظر التاج ٢١/ ١٠٤ (ر ف ع).\n(^٤) عزاه ابن رجب في فتح الباري له ٨/ ١٩٢ إلى المصنف.","vol":"6","page":384},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وفِي السُّنَّةِ ما يُؤَكِّدُ جميعَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٥٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَيّارٍ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فلا تأتوها تَسعَونَ، وأْتوها تَمشُونَ وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ (^١)، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأَتِمّوا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن (^٤) العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه وإِسحاقَ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّهُما أخبَراه أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ثُوِّبَ بالصَّلاةِ فلا تأتُوها وأَنتُم تَسعَونَ، وأْتوها وعَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةُ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأَتِمّوا، فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم في صَلاةٍ ما كان يَعمِدُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٥).\n\n٥٩٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"والوقار\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٦٦٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٠٨).\n(^٤) بعده في الأصل، س: \"ابن\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٦٨، ٦٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٣٠)، وابن حبان (٢١٤٨).","vol":"6","page":385},{"text":"أبو الفَضلِ صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فإنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا كان يَعمِدُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ فهو في صَلاةُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ كما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n\n٥٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ الفَرَّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ أبو الفَضلِ يَومَ الخَميسِ لإِحدَى عَشْرَةَ بَقِيَت مِن شَعبانَ سنةَ سَبعٍ وسِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ النَّحْوِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: بَينا نَحنُ نُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إذ سَمِعَ جَلَبَةَ رِجالٍ، فلَمَّا صَلَّى دَعاهُم فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكُم؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ استَعجَلنا إلَى الصَّلاةِ. فقالَ: \"لا تَفعَلوا، إذا أتَيتُم إلَى الصَّلاةِ فعَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ، فما أدرَكتُم فصَلُّوا، وما فاتَكُم فأتِمُّوا\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الدارى\". وفى الحاشية: \"بخطه: الرازي\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٦٥) عن على بن جعفر به. والبخاري في القراءة خلف الإمام (١٨٥) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٠٢/ ١٥٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٦٧٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه (٣٦٧٥).","vol":"6","page":386},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شَيبانَ (^١).\n\n٥٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ فأَسرَعَ المَشىَ فانتَهَى إلَى القَومِ وقَدِ انبَهَرَ (^٢) فقالَ حينَ قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ: الحَمدُ للهِ حَمدًا كَثيرًا طيِّبًا مُبارَكًا فيه. فلَمَّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ قال: \"مَنِ المُتَكَلِّمُ؟ - أو: مَنِ القائلُ؟ فإِنَّه قَد قال خَيرًا لَم يَقُلْ بأسًا\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ انتَهَيتُ إلَى الصَّفِّ وقَدِ انبَهَرتُ وحَفَزَنِى النَّفَسُ. قال: \"لَقَد رأَيتُ اثنَى عَشَرَ مَلَكًا يَبْتَدِرونَها أيُّهُم يَرفَعُها\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا جاءَ أحَدُكُم إلَى الصَّلاةِ فليَمشِ على هِينَتِه (^٣) ويُصَلِّى ما أدرَكَ ويَقضِى ما سَبَقَه\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1258>بابُ فضلِ المَشىِ إلَى الصَّلاةِ وتَركِ الرُّكوبِ إلَيها</span>\n\n٥٩٤١ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقَةٌ، ومَشيُكَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٣٥)، ومسلم (٦٠٣/. . .).\n(^٢) انبهر: تتابع نَفَسُه. التاج ١٠/ ٢٦٠ (ب هـ ر).\n(^٣) هينته: برفق وتثبت. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٦٠) عن محمد بن عبد الله به.","vol":"6","page":387},{"text":"المَسجِدِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). ورَواه عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"وكُلُّ خُطوَةٍ يَمشيها إلَى الصَّلاةِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٢). وَمِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" (^٣)، وهو مُخَرَّجٌ في آخِرِ كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ بمَشيئَةِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n٥٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مالكٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ قال: بَينَما أنا رائحٌ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ إذ لَحِقَنِى عَبايَةُ بنُ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ وهو راكِبٌ وأَنا ماشِى فقالَ: احتَسِبْ خُطاكَ هذه في سَبيلِ اللهِ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ أبا عَبسِ ابنَ جَبرٍ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ (^٥): قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اغبَرَّت قَدَماه في سَبيلِ اللهِ حَرَّمَهُما اللهُ على النَّارِ\" (^٦).\n\n٥٩٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ وأبو هَمَّامٍ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ: سَمِعتُ أبا عَبسٍ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الله بن المبارك في الزهد (٤٠٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٨١) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٠٧، ٢٩٨٩)، ومسلم (١٠٠٩/ ٥٦).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٧٨٩٦).\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"قال ابن جبر\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٣٥)، والترمذي (١٦٣٢)، والنسائي (٣١١٦)، وابن حبان (٤٦٠٥) من طريق الوليد به.","vol":"6","page":388},{"text":"علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^١).\n\n٥٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حاتِمٍ الجَرجَرائيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أوسُ بنُ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن غَسَّلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ بَكَّرَ وابتَكَرَ، ومَشَى ولَم يَركَبْ، ودَنا مِنَ الإمامِ فاستَمَعَ ولَم يَلغُ، كان له بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ عَمَلُ سنةٍ أجرُ صيامِها وقيامِها\" (^٢).\n\n٥٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدانُ وابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ وحَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٥٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٤) اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٧٠)، وأبو داود (٣٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٧٣، ١٦١٧٤) من طريق ابن المبارك به، وفى الموضع الثاني: \"ثم غدا وابتكر\". وتقدم في (٥٩٣١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٣).\n(^٣) ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٥٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٢٦)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٠٨٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"عبد\".","vol":"6","page":389},{"text":"أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: امشُوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ فقَد مَشَى إلَيها مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنكُم، أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ والمُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ ﵃ أجمَعينَ، قارِبوا الخُطَى وأَكثِروا ذِكرَ اللَّهِ ﷿، ولا عَلَيكَ ألَّا تَصحَبَ أحَدًا إلَّا مَن أعانَكَ على ذِكرِ اللهِ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1259>بابٌ: لا يُشَبِّكُ بَينَ أصابِعِه إذا خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ أحمدَ الزَّوزَنِيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبي ثُمامَةَ الحَنّاطِ (^٣) قال: أدرَكَنِى كَعبُ بنُ عُجرَةَ وأَنا بالبَلاطِ مُتَوَجِّهًا إلَى المَسجِدِ مُشبِّكًا بَينَ أصابِعِى فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضَّأَ أحَدُكُم فأَحسَنَ الوُضوءَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عامِدًا إلَى المَسجِدِ فلا يُشَبِّكَنَّ بَينَ أصابِعِه\" (^٤).\n\n٥٩٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ المُجَوِّزُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ المُؤَذِّنُ، حدثنا داودُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٦٧).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"المروزي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٤٢٥).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"الخياط\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٤٤٤) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٠ عن أبي ثمامة: مجهول لا يعرف إلا بهذا الحديث، وفيه نكارة.","vol":"6","page":390},{"text":"ابنُ قَيسٍ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبي ثُمامَةَ الحَنّاطِ (^١) قال: لَقيَنِى كَعبُ بنُ عُجرَةَ وأَنا مُتَوَجِّهٌ إلَى المَسجِدِ أُشبِّكُ بَينَ أصابِعِى فقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا تَوَضّأَ أحَدُكُم ثُمَّ أتَى المَسجِدَ فلا يُشبِّكْ بَينَ أصابِعِه فإِنَّه في صَلاةٍ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ وأبو عامِرٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن مَولًى لِبَنِى سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَوَضّأَ أحَدُكُم ثُمَّ خَرَجَ لِلصَّلاةِ فهو في صَلَاةٍ، فلا يُشَبِّكَنَّ أحَدُكُم بَينَ أصابِعِه بَعدَ ما يَتَوَضّأُ - أو بَعدَ ما يَدخُلُ في الصَّلاةِ\" (^٤).\nوقالَ شَبابَةُ: عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه عن أبيه، عن كَعبٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"ولا يُخالِفْ أحَدُكُم أصابِعَ يَدَيه في الصَّلاةِ\".\nوقيلَ: عنه عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سالِمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الخياط\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٠٣) من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٤١) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وأبو داود (٥٦٢) من طريق أبى عامر به.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١١٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٤٤٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٥١١) عن شبابة به.","vol":"6","page":391},{"text":"وهَذا الحَديثُ مُختَلَفٌ فيه على سعيدٍ؛ فقيلَ عنه هَكَذا، وقيلَ: عنه عن كَعبٍ (^١)، وقيلَ عنه عن رَجُلٍ، عن كَعبٍ (^٢)، وقيلَ: عنه عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِكَعبٍ (^٣)، وقيلَ: عن ابنِ عَجلانَ عن أبيه عن أبي هريرةَ (^٤). والصَّوابُ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ على الوُجوه الثَّلاثَةِ.\n\n٥٩٥٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أبو موسَى الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، عن الضَّحَّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي ثُمامَةَ البُرِّىِّ (^٦) قال: خَرَجتُ وأَنا أُريدُ الصَّلاةَ، فصَحِبتُ كَعبَ بنَ عُجرَةَ، فنَظَرَ إلَيَّ وأَنا أُشَبِّكُ بَينَ أصابِعِى فقالَ: لا تُشَبِّكْ بَينَ أصابِعِكَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن نُشَبِّكَ بَينَ أصابِعِنا في الصَّلاةِ. فقُلتُ: إنِّي لَستُ في صَلاةٍ. قال: ألَيسَ قَد تَوَضَّأتَ وخَرَجتَ تُريدُ الصَّلاةَ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فأَنتَ في صَلاةٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١١٥)، وابن ماجه (٩٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٤٤٤) من طريق سعيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٠٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١١٤)، والترمذي (٣٨٦) من طريق سعيد به، وعند أحمد: بعض بنى كعب بن عجرة بدلًا من: رجل. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٣١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٣٩، ٤٤٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٣٨) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢٤٠: وفيه عتيق بن يعقوب ولم أر من ذكره وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"الصنعاني\".\n(^٦) في ص ٣: \"البرسنى\"، وفي م: \"البزى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٧) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٢/ ٥١٦ عن الضحاك بن عثمان به.","vol":"6","page":392},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي ثُمامَةَ (^١)، فعادَ الحَديثُ إلَى المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبي ثُمامَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ: في هَذا ما دَلَّ على أنَّ النَّهىَ عن ذَلِكَ وقَعَ في الصَّلاةِ، وأَنَّ كَعبًا أدخَلَ فيه الخارجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ بما ذَكَرَ مِنَ الدَّليلِ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ على اللَّفظَةِ الأولَى:\n\n٥٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ قُسَيطٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال له: \"يا كَعبُ، إذا تَوَضّأتَ فأَحسَنتَ الوُضوءَ ثُمَّ خَرَجتَ إلَى المَسجِدِ، فلا تُشَبِّكَنَّ بَينَ أصابِعِكَ؛ فإنَّكَ في صَلاةٍ\" (^٢). هَذا إسنادٌ صحيحٌ إن كان الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ الرَّقِّيُّ هَذا حَفِظَه، ولَم أجِدْ له فيما رَواه مِن ذَلِكَ بَعدُ مُتابِعًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1260>بابٌ: لا يَتَخَطَّى رِقابَ النَّاسِ</span>\n\n٥٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ صالِحٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي الزّاهريَّةِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُسرٍ (^٣) قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا إلَى جانِبِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. قال: فجاءَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٤٤٢) من طريق سعد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢١٥٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م: \"بشر\". وينظر الإصابة ٦/ ٣٧.","vol":"6","page":393},{"text":"رَجُلٌ يَتَخَطَّى رِقابَ النّاسِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجلِسْ فقَد آذَيتَ وآنَيتَ (^١) \" (^٢) قال أبو الزّاهِريَّةِ: وكُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَه حَتَّى يَخرُجَ الإمامُ.\n\n٥٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَقيلٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٣) المِصريّانِ قالا حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، قال ابنُ أبي عَقيلٍ: أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، ومَسَّ مِن طيبِ امرأَتِه إن كان لَها، ولَبِسَ مِن صالِحِ ثيابِه، ثُمَّ لَم يَتَخَطَّ رِقابَ النَّاسِ، ولَم يَلغُ عِندَ المَوعِظَةِ، كانَت كَفّارَةً لما بَينَهُما، ومَن لَغا وتَخَطَّى رِقابَ النَّاسِ كانَت له ظُهرًا\" (^٤).\n\n٥٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ القُرَشِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَل يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واستاكَ، ولَبِسَ أحسَنَ ثيابِه، وتَطَيَّبَ مِن طيبِ أهلِه، ثُمَّ أتَى المَسجِدَ فلَم يَتَخَطَّ رِقابَ النّاسِ، وصَلَّى، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) آنيت: أي: أخرت المجئ وأبطأت. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٧٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٣٩٨) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وأحمد (١٧٦٧٤)، وأبو داود (١١١٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٨١١) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٨٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"مسلم\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٤٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨١٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٥).","vol":"6","page":394},{"text":"خَرَجَ الإمامُ أنصَتَ، كان له كَفّارَةَ ما بينهما (^١) وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^٢).\n\n٥٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: لَأن يُصلِّىَ أحَدُكُم بظَهرِ الحَرَّةِ خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَقعُدَ حَتَّى إذا قامَ الإمامُ يَخطُبُ جاءَ يَتَخَطَّى رِقابَ النّاسِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1261>بابٌ: يَجْلِسُ حَيثُ يَنتَهِى به المَجلِسُ</span>\n\n٥٩٥٦ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سمِاكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كُنَّا إذا أتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَلَسنا حَيثُ نَنْتَهِى (^٤).\nبابُ الرَّجُلِ يَرَى أمامَه فُرجَةً لا يَحتاجُ في المُضِىِّ إلَيها إلَى تَخَطِّى كَثيرٍ، فمَضَى إلَيها وجَلَس فيها\n\n٥٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بينها\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٤٨٥). وتقدم في (٥٧٤٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة من حديث أبي هريرة وأبى سعيد.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١١٠. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٨٨) من طريق ابن بكير به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٣٢٩)، والطيالسى (٨١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٥٥)، وأبو داود (٤٨٢٥)، والترمذي (٢٧٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٩٩)، وابن حبان (٦٤٣٣) من طريق شريك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٤٠).","vol":"6","page":395},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، أنَّ أبا مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ أخبَرَه، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينا هو جالِسٌ في المَسجِدِ والنَّاسُ مَعَه إذ أقبَلَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ، فأَقبَلَ اثنانِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وذَهَبَ واحِدٌ. قال: فوَقَفا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَّا أحَدُهُما فرأَى فُرجَةً في الحَلْقَةِ فجَلَسَ فيها، وأَمَّا الآخَرُ فجَلَسَ خَلفَهُم، وأَمَّا الثّالِثُ فأَدْبَرَ ذاهِبًا، فلَمَّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم عن النَّفَرِ الثَّلاثَةِ؟ أمَّا أحَدُهُم فآوَى إلَى اللهِ فآواه اللهُ، وأَمَّا الآخَرُ فاستَحيَا فاستَحيَا اللهُ مِنه، وأَمّا الآخَرُ فأَعرَضَ فأَعرَضَ اللَّهُ عنه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1262>بابٌ: لا يُفَرِّقُ بَينَ اثنَينِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ بَينَهُما فُرجَةٌ إلَّا بإِذنِهِما</span>\n\n٥٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وديعَةَ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فَتَطَهَّرَ بما استَطاعَ مِنَ الطُّهْر، ثُمَّ ادَّهَنَ مِن دُهنِه، أو مَسَّ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٣١)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٦٠، ومن طريقه البخاري (٤٧٤)، والترمذي (٢٧٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٠٠)، وابن حبان (٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٠٧) من طريق إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (٥٩٧٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦)، ومسلم (٢١٧٦).","vol":"6","page":396},{"text":"طيبِ بَيتِه أو أهلِه، ثُمَّ راحَ ولَم يُفَرِّقْ بَينَ اثنَينِ، فصَلَّى ما كُتِبَ له، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ أنصَتَ، غُفِرَ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\nوبِهَذا الإِسنادِ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ (^٣) أبى ذِئبٍ، لَم يَذكُرْ أبا سعيدٍ بَعضُهُم في إسنادِهِ (^٤). وقَد قيلَ فيه: عن أبي ذَرٍّ. بَدَلَ سَلمانَ، وقيلَ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ (^٥)، والَّذينَ أقاموا إسنادَه ثِقاتٌ حُفّاظٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَجلِسَ الرَّجُلُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ إلَّا بإِذنِهِما (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧١٠)، وابن حبان (٢٧٧٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩١٠).\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٦١٨٩) من طريق الضحاك بن عثمان عن سعيد عن عبد الله بن وديعة به، لم يذكر فيه: عن أبيه.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٣٩)، وابن ماجه (١٠٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٦٣) من حديث أبى ذر. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٣٨٩): هذا إسناد صحيح، رجاله ثقات.\n(^٦) المصنف في الآداب (٣٢٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٤٤) من طريق عامر الأحول به. وأحمد (٦٩٩٩)، والترمذي (٢٧٥٢) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٤).","vol":"6","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1263>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُقيمُ الرَّجُلَ مِن مَجلِسِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ (^١)، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ (^٢) بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُقامَ الرَّجُلُ مِن مَجلِسِه ويَجلِسَ فيه آخَرُ، ولَكِن تَفَسَّحوا وتَوَسَّعوا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٥٩٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يَزعُمُ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُقِمْ (^٥) أحَدُكُم يَعنِى أخاه مِن مَجلِسِه ثُمَّ يَخلُفُه فيه\". فقُلتُ: أقالَه في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ؟ [فقالَ: في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ] (^٦) وغَيرِهِ (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"أخبرنا أبو بكر القطان\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٢٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٧٠).\n(^٥) في م: \"يقيم\".\n(^٦) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٧) عبد الرزاق (٥٥٩٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٢٠).\n(^٨) مسلم (٢١٧٧/ ٢٨).","vol":"6","page":398},{"text":"٥٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً فلا يَتَناجَى اثنانِ دونَ الثّالِثِ، ولا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِن مَجلِسِه ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ فيه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ وأَبِى الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ والضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ عن نافِعٍ: \"لا يُقيمَنَّ\". أو: \"لا يُقيمُ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيهِ:\n\n٥٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِن مَجلِسِه ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ فيه\". قال سالِمٌ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا قامَ له الرَّجُلُ مِن مَجلِسِه لَم يَقعُدْ فيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٨٥)، والترمذي (٢٧٤٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٧٧/. . .) الشطر الثاني، وفى (٢١٨٣) الشطر الأول.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٦٢٦٩) من طريق مالك به. وأحمد (٦٠٦٢)، ومسلم (٢١٧٧/ ٢٧)، وأبن حبان (٥٨٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢٥)، والترمذي (٢٧٥٠) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"6","page":399},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٥٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُقيمَنَّ أحَدُكُم أخاه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ يُخالِفُ إلَى مَقعَدِه فيَقعُدُ فيه ولَكِن يقولُ: أفسِحوا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بن شَبيبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1264>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقومُ للرَّجُلِ مِن مَجلِسِهِ</span>\n\n٥٩٦٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو [عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ] (^٤) بنُ سَعدِ بنِ حَمُّويه النَّسَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَقيلِ بنِ طَلحَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الخَصيبِ يُحَدِّثُ قال: كُنتُ قاعِدًا فجاءَ ابنُ عُمَرَ فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن مَقعَدِه، فأَبَى أن يَقعُدَ فيه وقَعَدَ في مَكانٍ آخَرَ، فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يقولُ: ما كان عَلَيكَ أن تَقعُدَ!! قال: ما كُنتُ يَعنِى: أقعُدُ في مَجلِسِكَ، ولا في مَجلِسِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢١٧٧/ ٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٨٥) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٧٨).\n(^٤) في س: \"محمد عبد الله\". وتقدم في (٣٦١٤).","vol":"6","page":400},{"text":"غَيرِكَ بَعد ما سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، جاءَ رَجُلٌ فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ فأَرادَ أن يَقعُدَ مَقعَدَه، فنَهاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِك (^١). هَكَذا أتَى به أبو الخَصيبِ زيادُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وهو مُصيبٌ في رِوايَةِ فِعلِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، فقَد رَواه أيضًا سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ كَذَلِكَ، إلَّا أنَّه خالَفَ سالمًا ونافِعًا في لَفظِ الحديثِ الذِى رَواه ابنُ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فإِنَّهُما رَوَيا عنه الحديثَ في الإِقامَةِ دونَ القيامِ.\nورُوِىَ أيضًا عن أبي بكرَةَ:\n\n٥٩٦٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى آلِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي الحَسَنِ قال: جاءَ أبو بكرَةَ في شَهادَةٍ، فقامَ له رَجُلٌ مِن مَجلِسِه، فأَبَى أن يَجلِسَ فيهِ وقالَ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ذا، ونَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَمسَحَ الرَّجُلُ يَدَه بثَوبِ مَن لَم يَكسُه (^٢).\nهَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ، ورَواه عنه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ بالشَّكِّ في مَتنِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (٤٨٢٨) من طريق شعبة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٤١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٨٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٥٠، ٢٠٤٨٦) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه النووي في خلاصة الأحكام (٢٧٧٢).\nوقال في عون المعبود ٤/ ٤٠٦: (أن يمسح الرجل يده). أي إذا كانت ملوثة بطعام مثلًا، (بثوب من لم يكسه). بفتح الياء وضم السين، أي بثوب شخص لم يُلْبِسه ذلك الرجل الثوب، والمراد منه النهى عن التصرف في مال الغير والتحكم على من لا ولاية له عليه.","vol":"6","page":401},{"text":"٥٩٦٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، غن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي الحَسَنِ، أنَّ أبا بكرَةَ دَخَلَ عَلَيهِم في شَهادَةٍ، فقامَ له رَجُلٌ عن مَجلِسِه، فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قامَ لَكَ رَجُلٌ مِن مَجلِسِه فلا تَجلِسْ فيه\". أو قال: \"لا تُقِمْ (^١) رَجُلًا مِن مَجلِسِه ثُمَّ تَجلِسُ فيه، ولا تَمسَحْ يَدَكَ بثَوبِ مَن (^٢) لا تَملِكُ\" (^٣).\nفيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الحَديثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّهىِ عن الإِقامَةِ، كما رَواه الحُفّاظُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وأَنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ وأَبا بكرَةَ كانا يَتَنَزَّهانِ عن الجُلوسِ وإِن قاموا لَهُما تَبَرُّعًا دونَ الإِقامَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1265>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقومُ مِن مَجلِسِه لِحاجَةٍ عَرَضَت له ثُمَّ عادَ إلَيهِ</span>\n\n٥٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ أحَدُكُم مِن مَجلِسٍ كان فيه ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيه فهو أحَقُّ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"تقيم\".\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"ما\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٩١٢). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٣: ليس ذا بشك في المعنى.","vol":"6","page":402},{"text":"بمَجلِسِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٥٩٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسٌ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قامَ مِن مَجلِسِه يَومَ الجمُعَةِ ثُمَّ عادَ فهو أحَقُّ به\". وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، إلَّا أنَّ فيه ذِكرَ الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1266>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ التَّحَلُّقَ في المَسجِدِ إذا كانَتِ الجَماعَةُ كَثيرَةً والمَسجِدُ صَغيرًا، وكانَ فيه مَنعُ المُصَلّينَ عن الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ المَعروفُ بابنِ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بنَيسابورَ قالا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيع، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سمُرَةَ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ حِلَقٌ مُتَفَرِّقونَ فقالَ: \"ما لِى أراكُم عِزينَ (^٣)؟ \" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٦٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٧٩).\n(^٣) عزين: جماعات في تفرقة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٩٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٣٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٢٢) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"6","page":403},{"text":"الأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n٥٩٧١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن اللَّيثِ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه نَهَى أن يَتَحَلَّقَ النّاسُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1267>بابُ مَن أباحَ التَّحَلُّقَ في مَجالِسِ العِلمِ حَيثُ لا يَستَقبِلونَ المُصَلِّينَ بوُجوهِهِم</span>\n\n٥٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبانٌ العَطّارُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أبي مُرَّةَ، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدٌ في أصحابِه إذ جاءَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ؛ فأَمّا رَجُلٌ فوَجَدَ فُرجَةً في الحَلْقَةِ فجَلَسَ، وأَمّا رَجُلٌ فجَلَسَ، أظُنُّه قال: خَلفَ الحَلْقَةِ، وأَمّا رَجُلٌ فانطَلَقَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم عن (^٣) هَؤُلاءِ النَّفَرِ؟ أمّا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى جَلَسَ في الحَلْقَةِ فرَجُلٌ أوَى فآواه اللَّهُ، وأَمَّا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى جَلَسَ خَلفَ الحَلْقَةِ فاستَحيا فاستَحيا اللَّهُ مِنه، وأَمّا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٢٢) ص طريق الليث به. وقال: حديث حسن. وأحمد (٦٦٧٦)، والنسائي (٧١٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٠٤، ١٣٠٦) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٣) في م: \"من\".","vol":"6","page":404},{"text":"انطَلَقَ فرَجُلٌ أعرَضَ فأَعرَضَ اللَّه عنه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبانٍ العَطّارِ (^٢).\nورَواه حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ فقالَ: بَينَما نَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَلقَةٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1268>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الجُلوسِ في وَسْطِ الحَلْقَةِ</span>\nلما فيه، واللهُ أعلَمُ، مِن تَخَطِّى رِقابِ النّاسِ مَعَ سوءِ الأدَبِ وتَركِ الحِشمَةِ.\n\n٥٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو مِجلَزٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ مَن جَلَسَ وسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ (^٤).\n\n٥٩٧٤ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى حُذَيفَةَ فقالَ: ألَم تَرَ أنَّ فُلانًا ماتَ؟ قال: إنَّ الَّذِى أماتَه قادِرٌ على أنَّ يُميتَكَ. فجَلَسَ وسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ فقالَ له: قُمْ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ الَّذِى يَجلِسُ وسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (١٠١٢). وتقدم في (٥٩٥٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٧٦/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٠٧)، ومسلم (٢١٧٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٠١) من طريق حرب به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٨٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٦٣)، والترمذي (٢٧٥٣) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٢٨).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٤٣٧).","vol":"6","page":405},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ قَد عَرَفَ مِنه نِفاقًا، وأَنَّه إنَّما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَصدًا إلَى تَركِ الحِشمَةِ وقِلَّةِ المُبالاةِ بأَهلِ الحَلْقَةِ.\n\n٥٩٧٥ - وقَد حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن لاحِقِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ وهو أبو مِجلَزٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قَعَدَ وسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: مَلعونٌ على لِسانِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -. أو قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ الَّذِى يَجلِسُ وسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1269>بابُ الاحتِباءِ (^٢) والإِمامُ على المِنبَرِ</span>\n\n٥٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ حَيَّانَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، عن يَعلَى بنِ شَدَّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ مُعاويَةَ ببَيتِ المَقدِسِ فجَمَّعَ بنا، فنَظَرتُ فإِذا جُلُّ مَن في المَسجِدِ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرأَيتُهُم مُحتَبينَ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَحتَبِى والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ، وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، وشُرَيحٌ، وصَعصَعَةُ بنُ صُوحانَ، وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ، ومَكحولٌ، وإِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، ونُعَيمُ بنُ سَلامَةَ، قال (^٤): لا بأسَ بها. ولَم يَبلُغْنِى أنَّ أحَدًا كَرِهَها إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٤٣٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي معناه في (٥٩٨١، ٥٩٨٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١١١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٤١).\n(^٤) أي قال كل واحد منهم. ينظر عون المعبود ١/ ٤٣٣.","vol":"6","page":406},{"text":"عُبادَةَ بنَ نُسَىٍّ.\n\n٥٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَحتَبِى يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1270>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ الاحتِباءَ في هذه الحالَةِ</span>\nلما فيه مِنَ اجتِلابِ النَّومِ وتَعريضِ الطَّهارَةِ للانتِقاضِ.\n\n٥٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ المُهتَدِى باللهِ العباسِيُّ (^٢) قِراءَةً عَلَيه بمَكَّةَ ثُمَّ بالمَدينَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، عن أبي مَرحومٍ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ أنَسٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الحُبوَةِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٣٤٣ من طريق يونس به. وابن أبي شيبة (٥٢٧٨، ٥٢٨٤، ٥٢٨٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أحمد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الصمد بن المهتدى بالله أبو عبد الله الخطيب العباسى الهاشمى البغدادي، خطيب جامع المنصور، قال عنه الخطيب البغدادي: كان جميع ما عنده جزءًا واحدًا، كتبت عنه، وكان صدوقًا دينًا مقبول الشهادة عند الحكام. توفى سنة (٤١٨ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٤٩، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٣٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٣٠)، وأبو داود (١١١٠)، والترمذي (٥١٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨١٥) من =","vol":"6","page":407},{"text":"٥٩٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو مَرحومٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1271>بابُ الاحتِباءِ المُباحِ في غَيرِ وقتِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو غَزيَّةَ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ مِسكينٍ قاضِى المَدينَةِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُحتَبيًا بفِناءِ الكَعبَةِ، يقولُ بيَدِه هَكَذا. وشَبَّكَ أبو حاتِمٍ بيَدَيهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ فُلَيحٍ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَسَّانَ العَنبَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَتنِى جَدَّتاىَ صَفيَّةُ ودُحَيبَةُ (^٤) ابنَتا عُلَيبَةَ - قال موسَى: بنتِ حَرمَلَةَ، وكانَتا رَبيبَتَىْ قَيلَةَ بنتِ مَخرَمَةَ، وكانَت جَدَّةَ أبيهِما (^٥) -\n_________\n= طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٥: عبد الرحيم ضعف. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٨٢).\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٩، وصححه.\n(^٢) المصف في الآداب (٣٣٥). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٩٢، ٩٤١٧)، والخطيب في الموضح ٢/ ٤١٧ من طريق أبى غزية به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٧٢).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"دحية\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٦٨.\n(^٥) في م: \"أبيها\".","vol":"6","page":408},{"text":"أنها أخبَرَتهُما، أنَّها رأَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو قاعِدٌ القُرفُصاءَ، فلَمّا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المُختَشِعَ (^١) - وقالَ موسَى: المُتَخَشِّعَ - في الجِلسَةِ أُرعِدتُ مِنَ الفَرَقِ (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: القُرفُصاءُ أن يَجلِسَ الرَّجُلُ كَجُلوسِ المُحتَبِى ويَكونَ احتِباؤُه بيَدَيه ويَضَعَهُما على ساقَيه كما يَحتَبِى بالثَّوبِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٥٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الغِفارِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن رُبَيحِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا جَلَسَ في مَجلِسٍ احتَبَى بيَدَيهِ (^٤).\nتَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الغِفارِىُّ هَذا، وهو شَيخٌ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المختشع: أي الخاشع الخاضع المتواضع. عون المعبود ٤/ ٤١٣.\n(^٢) أرعدت من الفرق: أخذتنى الرعدة والاضطراب والحركة من الخوف. عون المعبود ٤/ ٤١٣. والحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (٣٣٧)، وأبي داود (٤٨٤٧). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٧٨) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. والترمذي في الشمائل (١٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن حسان به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٧).\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢١٠، ٢١١.\n(^٤) ابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٣٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٤٦) عن سلمة بن شبيب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٦: الغفارى ليس بثقة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٦).\n(^٥) هو عبد الله بن إبراهيم بن أبي عمرو الغفارى أبو محمد المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء =","vol":"6","page":409},{"text":"قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ وغَيرُه (^١).\n\n٥٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عَبِيدَةَ أبى خِداشٍ، عن أبي تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِىِّ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهو مُحتَبٍ بشَملَةٍ قَد وقَعَ هُدْبُها على قَدَمَيهِ (^٢). جابِرٌ هَذا هو الهُجَيمِيُّ أبو جُرَىٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1272>بابُ الاحتِباءِ المحظورِ في عُمومِ الأحوالِ وبَيانِ صِفَتِهِ</span>\n\n٥٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن لِبسَتَينِ، وعن بَيعَتَينِ؛ عن المُلامَسَةِ، والمُنابَذَةِ، وعن أن يَحتَبِىَ الرَّجُلُ في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ لَيسَ على فَرْجِه مِنه شَئٌ، وعن أن يَشتَمِلَ الرَّجُلُ بالثَّوبِ الواحِدِ ليس (^٣) على أحَدِ (^٤) شِقَّيهِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ\n_________\n= للعقيلى ٢/ ٢٣٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٣٦، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٣٣١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٢٧٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١٣٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٠: متروك.\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٤٨٤٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٣٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٨١).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، م.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٥) أخرجه الجوهري في مسند الموطأ (٥٥٣) من طريق القعنبى به، مقتصرًا على النهى عن الملامسة والمنابذة.","vol":"6","page":410},{"text":"وابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كُلُّهُم عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٥٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن لِبسَتَينِ؛ أن يَحتَبِىَ الرَّجُلُ مُفضيًا بفَرجِه إلَى السَّماءِ، ويَلبَسَ ثَوبَه وأَحَدُ جانِبَيه خارِجٌ ويُلقِىَ ثَوبَه على عاتِقِهِ (^٢).\nورَواه أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ وعائشَةُ بنتُ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵃ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1273>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الجُلوسِ</span>\n\n٥٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه الشَّريدِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: مَرَّ بى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٢١) عن ابن أبي أويس، ومسلم (١٥١١/ ١) عن يحيى عن مالك عن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان عن الأعرج. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٣٨٢٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٤٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٢)، والبخاري (٦٢٨٤)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧٧)، والنسائي (٥٣٥٥، ٥٣٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١٧٠، ٣٥٥٩) من حديث أبى سعيد الخدري. وأحمد (١٤٧٧٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٩٩) من حديث جابر. وابن ماجه (٣٥٦١) من حديث عائشة. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٢٤٤): حديث عائشة صحيح، رجاله ثقات، وسعد بن سعيد هو أخو يحيى بن سعيد الأنصاري احتج به مسلم.","vol":"6","page":411},{"text":"جالِسٌ هَكَذا، وقَد وضَعتُ يَدِىَ اليُسرَى خَلفَ ظَهرِى واتَّكَأْتُ على ألْيَةِ يَدِى فقالَ: \"أتَقعُدُ قِعدَةَ المَغضوبِ عَلَيهِم؟ \". لَفظُ حَديثِ عليِّ بنِ بَحرٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قال: وأَنا جالِسٌ في المَسجِدِ واضِعٌ يَدِىَ اليُسرَى خَلفَ ظَهرِى مُتَّكِئٌ على ألْيَةِ يَدِى (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: قال القاسِمُ: ألْيَةُ الكَفِّ أصلُ الإِبهامِ وما تَحتَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1274>بابُ ما جاءَ في الجُلوسِ بَينَ الشَّمسِ والظِّلِّ</span>\n\n٥٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ السَّرحِ ومَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم في الشَّمسِ - وقالَ مَخلَدٌ: في الفَيْءِ - فقَلَصَ عنه الظِّلُّ فصارَ بَعضُه في الشَّمسِ وبَعضُه في الظِّلِّ فليَقُمْ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى المُنيبِ العَتَكِىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه مَرفوعًا في النَّهىِ عن ذَلِكَ (^٤). وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ كَيلا يَتأَذَّى بحَرارَةِ الشَّمسِ، كما رُوِىَ عن قَيسٍ عن أبيه، أنَّه جاءَ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ فقامَ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٣٨) بالإسناد الأول، وأبو داود (٤٨٤٨). و(أخرجه) حمد (١٩٤٥٤) عن على بن بحر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٨).\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣٠٨. وليس عند أبي داود.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٨٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٧٦) من طريق محمد بن المنكدر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٣٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٢٢) من طريق أبى المنيب به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٣٠٢): هذا إسناد حسن.","vol":"6","page":412},{"text":"الشَّمسِ، فأَمَرَ به فحُوِّلَ إلَى الظِّلِّ (^١).\n\n٥٩٨٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاعِدًا في فِناءِ الكَعبَةِ، بَعضُه في الظِّلِّ وبَعضُه في الشَّمسِ، واضِعًا إحدَى يَدَيه على الأُخرَى (^٢).\n\n٥٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنْعانِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: إذا كان أحَدُكُم في الفَيْءِ فقَلَصَ عنه فليَقُمْ؛ فإِنَّه مَجلِسُ الشَّيطانِ (^٤).\n\n٥٩٩٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ أبانٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ المُنكَدِرِ يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ عن أبي هريرةَ قال: وكُنتُ جالِسًا في الظِّلِّ وبَعضِى في الشَّمسِ. قال: فقُمتُ حينَ سَمِعتُه، فقالَ لِىَ ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ: اجلِسْ لا بأسَ عَلَيكَ إنَّكَ هَكَذا جَلَستَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٨٨٦، ٥٨٨٧) وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٧: وقيل: أراد بذلك العدل في الجسد كما نهى عن المشى في نعل واحدة عدلا بين الرجلين.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٧: مسلمٌ كأنه البطين.\n(^٣) في م: \"الصغانى\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٩٩). وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٣٣٣٥) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٠١).","vol":"6","page":413},{"text":"راوِى هَذا الحديثِ محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، وقَد حَمَلَ الحديثَ على ما رُوّينا عنه، وفِي ذَلِكَ جَمعٌ بَينَ الخَبَرَينِ وتأكيدُ ما أشَرنا إلَيه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1275>بابُ النُّعاسِ في المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٥٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا نَعَسَ أحَدُكُم وهو في المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فليَتَحَوَّلْ مِن مَجلِسِه ذَلِكَ إلَى غَيرِه\" (^١). هَذا الحَديثُ يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِعٍ:\n\n٥٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلمُ (^٢) بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الصّائغُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الوَكيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ المُحارِبِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا نَعَسَ أحَدُكُم في الصَّلاةِ في المَسجِدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٤١)، وأبو داود (١١١٩)، والترمذي (٥٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٨١٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٩٠).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٣: \"سلمة\". ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٤٨.","vol":"6","page":414},{"text":"فليَتَحَوَّلْ مِن مَجلِسِه إلَى غَيرِه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى زَكَريّا، وحَديثُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ بمَعناه، وكِلاهُما ذَكَرَ الصَّلاةَ، والمُرادُ بالصَّلاةِ مَوضِعُ الصَّلاةِ، ولا يَثبُتُ رَفعُ هَذا الحديث، والمَشهورُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِهِ:\n\n٥٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ لِلرَّجُلِ إذا نَعَسَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والإِمامُ يَخطُبُ أن يَتَحَوَّلَ مِنه (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٥٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ العباسِيُّ بمَكَّةَ وبِالمدينَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ وهو ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا نَعَسَ أحَدُكُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فليتَحَوَّلْ إلَى مَقعَدِ صاحِبِه، ويَتَحَوَّلْ صاحِبُه إلَى مَقعَدِه\" (^٣). إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ هَذا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ٣٤٥ عن أحمد بن عمر الوكيعى به، وقال: لم يتابع عليه، والمحفوظ عن المحاربى عن محمد بن إسحاق عن نافع عن ابن عمر.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٧٩٤)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٤٦٠١)، والطبراني (٦٩٥٦) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٣١٥٠).","vol":"6","page":415},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1276>بابُ الدُّنُوِّ مِنَ الإمامِ عِندَ الخُطبَةِ، والصَّلاةِ في المَقصورَةِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في التَّرغيبِ في الدُّنُوِّ مِنَ الإمامِ حَديثُ أوسِ بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ (^١).\n\n٥٩٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِ أبى بخَطِّ يَدِه ولَم أسمَعْه مِنه: قال قَتادَةُ: عن يَحيَى بنِ مالكٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"احضُروا لِلذِّكرِ، وادْنُوا مِنَ الإمامِ، فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لا يَزالُ يَتَباعَدُ حَتَّى يُؤَخَّرَ في الجَنَّةِ وإِن دَخَلَها\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه أبو داودَ عن علىٍّ، وهو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n٥٩٩٦ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). ولا أحسِبُه إلَّا واهِمًا في ذِكرِ سَماعِ مُعاذٍ عن أبيه هو أو شَيخُه، فأَمّا إسماعيلُ القاضِى فهو أجَلُّ مِن ذاكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٥٩٩٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ أبى الحَسَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٩٣١، ٥٩٤٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١١٨) عن على ابن المديني به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٩.","vol":"6","page":416},{"text":"شَهْرِيارَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ قالا: حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"احضُروا الجُمُعَةَ، وادْنوا مِنَ الإمامِ، فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَتَخَلَّفُ عن الجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى إنَّه ليتخَلَّفُ (^١) عن الجَنَّةِ وإِنَّه لمن أهلِها\". وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ شَهرَيارَ: \"لَيَتأَخَّرُ عن الجُمُعَةِ، حَتَّى إنَّه لَيُؤَخَّرُ عن الجَنَّةِ وإِن كان مِن أهلِها\" (^٢).\n\n٥٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ قال: رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ بُسرٍ يَعنِى صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى في المقصورَةِ. قال: وكانَ يُغَيِّرُ خِضابَه بالوَرْسِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1277>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُوطِنُ مَكانًا في المَسجِدِ يُصَلِّى فيهِ</span>\n\n٥٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عثمانَ (^٤) بنِ مَحمودٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِبلٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ليخلف\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠١٨)، وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١١٢) عن سريج به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٦٨: قال ابن معين: الحكم ليس بشيء.\n(^٣) الورس: نبت أصفر طيب الريح يصبغ به. اللسان ٦/ ٢٥٤ (ور س).\nوالأثر في تاريخ ابن معين ٣/ ١٢، ١٣، ٤٥.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ. وفي حاشية م: \"كذا في الأصول كلها، والصواب تميم بن محمود\". اهـ. قلت: =","vol":"6","page":417},{"text":"نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺعن نَقرَةِ الغُرابِ، وافتِراشِ السَّبُعِ، وأَن يُوطِنَ الرَّجُلُ المُقامَ في المَسجِدِ كما يُوطِنُ البَعيرُ (^١).\nتابَعَه يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ:\n\n٦٠٠٠ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن تَميمِ بنِ مَحمودٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِبلٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[في الصَّلاةِ] (^٢) عن افتِراشِ السَّبُعِ، وأَن يَنقُرَ نَقرَ الغُرابِ، وأَن يُوطِنَ الرَّجُلُ المُقامَ كإيطانِ (^٣) البَعيرِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1278>بابُ مَن أسمَعَ النّاسَ تَكبيرَ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٦٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّينا وراءَه وهو قاعِدٌ، وأبو بكرٍ يُكَبِّرُ يُسمِعَ النّاسَ تَكبيرَه،\n_________\n= وكذا جاء على الصواب في المهذب ٣/ ١١٦٨ في هذا الموضع. وتقدم على الصواب في (٢٧٦٨، ٢٧٦٩)، وسيأتى على الصواب في الإسناد التالى، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٣٣٣.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٦٧) عن عثمان بن عمر به وفيه: تميم بن محمود على الصواب. وتقدم في (٢٧٦٨، ٢٧٦٩).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) في س: \"كما يوطن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٣٣)، وأبو داود (٨٦٢) من طريق الليث به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٧٦٨).","vol":"6","page":418},{"text":"فالتَفَتَ إلَينا قرآنا قيامًا، فأَشارَ إلَينا فقَعَدنا فصَلَّينا بصَلاتِه قُعودًا، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قال: \"إن كِدتُم آنِفًا تَفعَلونَ فِعلَ فارِسَ والرّومِ؛ يَقوهونَ على مُلوكِهِم [وهُم قُعودٌ] (^١)، فلا تَفعَلوا، ائتَمّوا بأَئمَّتِكُم، إن صَلَّى قائمًا فصَلُّوا قيامًا، وإِن صَلَّى قاعِدًا فصَلُّوا قُعودًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لما مَرِضَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مَرَضَه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في أمرِه أن يُصلِّىَ أبو بكرٍ، وصَلاةِ أبى بكرٍ وخُروجِه، قالَت: فلَمّا رآه أبو بكرٍ ذَهَبَ يَتأَخَّرُ فأَشارَ إلَيه أن صَلِّ، فقامَ أبو بكرٍ وقَعَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى جَنبِه يُصَلِّى وأبو بكرٍ يُسمِعُ النّاسَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1279>بابُ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"قعودا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٩٠)، وأبو داود (٦٠٦)، والنسائي (١١٩٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٤٨٦، ٨٧٣، ٨٨٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٢٢) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٢٢٨٢، ٣٤٦٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤١٣/ ٨٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٢١٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (٧١٢).","vol":"6","page":419},{"text":"حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُصلِّى بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا صَلَّى أحَدُكُمُ الجُمُعَةَ فليُصَلِّ بَعدَها أربَعًا\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٦٠٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ هَنّادٌ: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه (^٤)، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ فصَلُّوا أربَعًا\". قال إسحاقُ في حَديثِه: أخبرَنا ابنُ إدريسَ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٩١)، والترمذي (٥٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١١٣١)، وابن خزيمة (١١٩٨) من طريق ابن عيينة به. والترمذي (٤٣٤)، والنسائي (١٤٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٢/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٨١/ ٦٧).\n(^٤) بعده في الأصل: \"عن جده\".","vol":"6","page":420},{"text":"سُهَيلًا. وزادَ في الحديثِ: وقالَ: فإِن عَجِلَ بكَ حاجَةٌ فرَكعَتَينِ في المَسجِدِ، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ ما تَرجِعُ إلَى بَيتِكَ. قال أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ: الكَلامُ الآخِرُ في الحديثِ مِن قَولِ سُهَيلٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" بهَذِه الزّيادَةِ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا صَلَّيتُمُ الجُمُعَةَ فصَلُّوا بَعدَها أربَعًا\". قال: فقالَ لِى أبى: يا بُنَيَّ فإِذا صَلَّيتَ في المَسجِدِ رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ أتَيتَ المَنزِلَ أوِ البَيتَ فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ بنُ قُوهِيارَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ فليُصَلِّ أربَعًا\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٠)، وابن ماجه (١١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٤٨٥) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨١/ ٦٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٣١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٤٨٦) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٧٤) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٨١/ ٦٩).","vol":"6","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1280>بابُ الإمامِ يَنصَرِفُ إلَى مَنزِلِه فيَركَعُ فيهِ</span>\n\n٦٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في تَطَوُّعِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: وكانَ لا يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ حَتَّى يَنصَرِفَ، فيُصلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ في بَيتِهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُطيلُ الصَّلاةَ قَبلَ الجُمُعَةِ، ويُصَلِّى بَعدَها رَكعَتَينِ في بَيتِهِ، وَحَدَّثَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1281>بابُ المأمومِ يَركَعُ في المَسجِدِ فيَتَحَوَّلُ عن مُقامِه أو يَفصِلُ بَينَهُما بكَلامٍ</span>\n\n٦٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ النَرْسِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٥٦٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٢/ ٧١)، والبخارى (٩٣٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٢٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٣٦) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٥٨٠٧)، والنسائي (١٤٢٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٢٥٠.","vol":"6","page":422},{"text":"الأعوَرُ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطِيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ. قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءٍ وهو ابنُ أبي الخُوارِ، أنَّ نافِعَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ أرسَلَه إلَى السَّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ ابنِ أُختِ نَمِرٍ يَسأَلُه عن شَئٍ رآه مِنه مُعاويَةُ في الصَّلاةِ قالَ: نَعَم، صَلَّيتُ مَعَه الجُمُعَةَ في المَقصورَةِ فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قُمتُ في مُقامِى فصَلَّيتُ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ أرسَلَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: لا تَعُدْ لما فعَلتَ، إذا صَلَّيتَ الجُمُعَةَ فلا تَصِلْها بصَلاةٍ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ أو تَخرُجَ؛ فإِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بذَلِكَ؛ ألَّا توصَلَ بصَلاةٍ حَتَّى تَخرُجَ أو تَتَكَلَّمَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ النَّرْسِىِّ: ألَّا تُصَلِّىَ حَتَّى تَخرُجَ أو تَتَكَلَّمَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه رأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّى بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتَينِ في مُقامِه، فدَفَعَه وقالَ: تُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ أربَعًا! قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّى في بَيتِه رَكعَتَينِ ويَقولُ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُه (^٣).\n\n٦٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٠٥) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. وأحمد (١٦٨٦٦)، وأبو داود (١١٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٠٥، ١٨٦٧، ١٨٦٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٢٧) عن أبي الربيع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٩٧).","vol":"6","page":423},{"text":"الدّارَبَردِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان إذا كان بمَكَّةَ فصَلَّى الجُمُعَةَ تَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّىَ رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى أربَعًا، وإِذا كان بالمَدينَةِ صَلَّى الجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى بَيتِه فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ولَم يُصَلِّ في المَسجِدِ، فقيلَ له، فقالَ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٦٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّى الجُمُعَةَ فتَنَحَّى (^٢) عن مُصَلَّاه الَّذِى صَلَّى فيه قَليلًا غَيرَ كَثيرٍ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ (^٣) رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَمشِى أيسَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَركَعُ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ. قال: قُلتُ له: كَم رأَيتَه يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: مِرارًا، فإِذا فرَغَ جاءَ إلَى الطَّوافِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1282>بابُ التَّغديَةِ والقائلَةِ بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٣٠) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٠٠).\n(^٢) في م: \"فيتنحى\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يركع\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٣٣)، والترمذي (٥٢٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٠٣).","vol":"6","page":424},{"text":"أنَسٍ قال: كُنّا نُبَكِّرُ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ نَقيلُ بَعدَها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٠١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كُنّا نَفرَحُ بيَومِ (^٣) الجُمُعَةِ. قُلتُ: ولِمَ؟ قال: كانَت لَنا عَجوزٌ تَبعَثُ إلَى (^٤) بُضاعَةَ (^٥) فتأخُذُ مِن أُصولِ السِّلقِ فتَطرَحُه في قِدرٍ، وتُكَركِرُ (^٦) حَبّاتٍ مِن شَعيرٍ، فكُنّا إذا صَلَّينا انصرَفنا إلَيها، نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيها فتُقَدِّمُه إلَينا، فكُنّا نَفرَحُ بيَومِ الجُمُعَةِ مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ، وما كُنّا نَقيلُ ولا نَتَغَدَّى إلَّا بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٧). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ أيضًا عن القَعنَبِىِّ مُختَصَرًا (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٨٩)، والبخاري (٩٠٥)، وابن ماجه (١١٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٤١، ١٨٧٧) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٤٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٣: \"يوم\".\n(^٤) في س: \"لنا\".\n(^٥) بضاعة: نخل بالمدينة، والمراد بالنخل البستان، ولذلك يؤتى منها بالسلق. فتح الباري ١١/ ٣٤.\n(^٦) في م: \"تكركرها\". وتكركر: تطحن. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٨.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٦١)، وأبو داود (١٠٨٦)، والترمذي (٥٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٠٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٧٥، ١٨٧٦) من طريق أبى حازم به. وسيأتي في (١٣٦٦٦).\n(^٨) البخاري (٦٢٤٨)، ومسلم (٨٥٩).","vol":"6","page":425},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1283>بابُ ذِكرِ ما رُوِىَ في انتِظارِ العَصرِ بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\nوفيه ضَعفٌ.\n\n٦٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ مَحبوبٍ الرَّملِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ لَكُم في كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ حَجَّةً وعُمرَةً، فالحَجَّةُ الهَجيرُ لِلجُمُعَةِ، والعُمرَةُ انتِظارُ العَصرِ بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ (^١) تَفَرَّدَ به القاسِمُ. وروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي مَعشَرٍ عن نافِع عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، وفيهِما جَميعًا ضَعفٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1284>ومن جِماعِ أبوابِ الهَيئَةِ لِلجُمُعَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1285>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في إعدادِ الثّيابِ الحِسانِ لِلجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٦٢. ومن طريقه المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٤٦).\n(^٢) ذكره ابن رجب في فتح الباري ٨/ ١٠٢، ١٠٣ عن أبي معشر به، وقال: إسناده مجهول ولا يصح.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٧٢: بل هما باطلان.","vol":"6","page":426},{"text":"مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رأَى حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ عِندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَوِ اشتَرَيتَ هذه الحُلَّةَ فلَبِستَها يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، ولِلوَفدِ إذا قَدِموا عَلَيكَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ هذه مَن لا خَلاقَ له في الآخِرَةِ\". ثُمَّ جاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنها حُلَلٌ، فأَعطَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِنها حُلَّةً، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَسَوتَنيها وقَد قُلتَ في حُلَّةِ عُطارِدٍ (^١) ما قُلتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لَم أكسُكَها لِتَلبَسَها\". فكَساها عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أخًا له مُشرِكًا (^٢) بمَكَّةَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، أنَّ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ (^٥) حَدَّثَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما على أحَدِكُم إن وجَدَ - أو: ما على أحَدِكُم إن وجَدتُم - أن يَتَّخِذَ ثَوبَينِ ليَومِ الجُمُعَةِ سِوَى ثَوبَىْ مِهنَتِه؟ \" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) هو عطارد بن حاجب التميمي. فتح الباري ٢/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"كان\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٠١)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٦. وتقدم تخريجه في (٤٢٥٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٤٧٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٨).\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"حيان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٦٠٥.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٠٧٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٥٣).","vol":"6","page":427},{"text":"٦٠١٩ - قال عمرٌو: وأَخبَرَنِى ابنُ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن موسَى بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ سَلَامٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ ذَلِكَ على المِنبَرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1286>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في التَّنظيفِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ بغُسلٍ، وأَخذِ شَعَرٍ وظُفُرٍ، وعلاجٍ لما يَقطَعُ تَغَيُّرَ الرّيحِ، وسِواكٍ، ومَسِّ طِيبٍ</span>\n\n٦٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: قال طاوُسٌ: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ: ذَكَروا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اغتَسِلوا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واغسِلوا رُءوسَكُم وإِن لَم تَكونوا جُنُبًا، وأَصيبوا مِنَ الطِّيبِ\". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أمّا الغُسلُ فنَعَم، وأَمّا الطِّيبُ فلا أدرِى (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن طاوُسٍ (^٣).\nوهَذا يَدُلُّ مَعَ حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ (^٤) على أنَّ المُرادَ بقَولِه: \"مَن غَسَّلَ واغتَسَلَ\" (^٥): مَن غَسَلَ رأسَه وغَسَلَ جَسَدَه.\n\n٦٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١٠٧٨). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٧٣: ابن حبان لم يدرك عبد اللَّه بن سلام.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤٣١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٨٤)، ومسلم (٨٤٨).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٤٩، ٥٩٥٤)، وسيأتي في (٦٠٢٥).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٩٣١، ٥٩٣٢).","vol":"6","page":428},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَدينِيُّ، حدثنا حَرَمِيُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ سُلَيمٍ الأنصارِىُّ قال: أشهَدُ على أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه شَهِدَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الغُسلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واجِبٌ، وأَن يَستَنَّ (^١)، وأَن يَمَسَّ مِن طيبٍ إن وجَدَ\". قال عمرُو بنُ سُلَيمٍ: وأَشهَدُ أنَّ الغُسلَ واجِبٌ، فأَمّا الاستِنانُ والطِّيبُ فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ، ولَكِن هَكَذا سَمِعتُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى هِلالٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه:\n\n٦٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سَوّادٍ السَّرْحِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ أبى هِلالٍ وبُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجِّ حَدَّثاه، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"غُسلُ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ، ويَستاكُ، ويَمَسُّ مِنَ الطِّيبِ ما قَدَرَ عَلَيه\". إلَّا أنَّ بُكَيرًا لَم يَذكُرْ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ وقالَ: \"مِنَ الطّيبِ، ولَو مِن طيبِ المَرأَةِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) يستن: يدلك أسنانه بالسواك. فتح الباري ٢/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٤٥) من طريق على بن المديني به. وفى (١٧٤٤) من طريق ابن المنكدر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٨٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤)، والنسائي (١٣٧٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"6","page":429},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ (^١)\n\n٦٠٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَينِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وأبو النَّضرِ قالوا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ وديعَةَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن سَلمانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وتَطَهَّرَ ما استَطاعَ مِن طُهرِه، ومَسَّ مِن دُهنِ بَيته أو طيبِه، ثُمَّ راحَ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ فصَلَّى ما بَدا له، فإِذا خَرَجَ الإمامُ استَمَعَ وأَنصَتَ، غُفِرَ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ القَطّانَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وديعَةَ، عن سَلمانَ الخَيرِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا يَغتَسِلُ رَجُلٌ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ يَمَسُ مِن دُهنِه، أو طيبِ أهلِه، ثُمَّ يأتِى المَسجِدَ لا يُفَرِّقُ بَينَ اثنَينِ، ثُمَّ يُنصِتُ إذا تَكَلَّمَ الإمامُ، إلَّا غُفِرَ له ما بَينَه وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، قَريبًا مِن لَفظِ حَديثِ شَبابَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه ذَكَرَ: \"ويَتَطَهَّرُ ما استَطاعَ مِن طُهرٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم ٢/ ٥٨١ (٨٤٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٦٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٤٥٧)، والطبرانى (٦١٩٠) من طريق شبابة به. وتقدم في (٤٤٩٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٨٨٣).","vol":"6","page":430},{"text":"ورَواه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٦٠٢٤ - أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِى ابنَ بلالٍ، عن صالِحٍ يَعنِى ابنَ كَيسانَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ اغتَسَلَ الرَّجُلُ وغَسَلَ رأسَه، ثُمَّ تَطَيَّبَ مِن [أطيَبِ طيبِه] (^٢)، ولَبِسَ مِن صالِحِ ثيابِه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ ولَم يُفرِّقْ بَينَ اثنَينِ، ثُمَّ استَمَعَ إلَى الإمامِ، غُفِرَ له ما بَينَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ وزيادَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ\" (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن [أبي هريرةَ] (^٤) وأَبِى سعيدٍ:\n\n٦٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأَبِى أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ وأَبِى سعيدٍ - ﵄ - قالا: سَمِعْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ اغتَسَلَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ واستَنَّ، ومَسَّ مِن طيب إن كان عِندَه، ولَبِسَ أحسَنَ ثيابِه، ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَى المَسجِدِ ولَم يَتَخَطَّ رِقابَ النّاسِ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"محمد\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٥٢٠).\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"طيب أهله\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٠٣) من طريق الأويسى به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الزهري\".","vol":"6","page":431},{"text":"ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَركَعَ، ثُمَّ أنصَتَ إذا خَرَجَ إمامُه حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ، كانَت كَفّارَةً لما بَينَها وبَينَ الجُمُعَةِ التي كانَت قَبلَها\". يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: وثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ زيادَةٌ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد جَعَلَ الحَسَنَةَ بعَشرِ أمثالِها (^١).\n\n٦٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا (^٢) ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ السَّبّاقِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال في جُمُعَةٍ مِنَ الجُمَعِ: \"يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ، إنَّ هَذا يَومٌ جَعَلَه اللَّهُ عيدًا لِلمُسلِمينَ، فاغتَسِلوا، ومَن كان عِندَه طيبٌ فلا يَضُرُّه أن يَمَسَّ مِنه، وعَلَيكُم بالسِّواكِ\" (^٣). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا ولا يَصِحُّ وصْلُه:\n\n٦٠٢٧ - أخبَرَناه القاضِى أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤)، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٤١)، والشعب (٢٩٨٧)، وفضائل الأوقات (٢٦٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨٣. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٦٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١١٧٦٨)، وأبو داود (٣٤٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣١).\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"بكر\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٠٢)، والشافعي ١/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧، ومالك ١/ ١٦٥، ومن طريقه ابن وهب في موطئه (٢١٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥٠٥٢).\n(^٤) محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن الهيثم أبو عمر القاضي البسطامى، قال عبد الغافر: الإمام البارع إمام أهل خراسان ومقدم الشافعية في عصره. وقال الذهبي: وعظ مدة ثم تصدر للإفادة والفتيا، وولى القضاء فأظهر المحدثون من الفرح ألوانًا. توفى سنة (٤٠٨ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٤٧، والمنتخب من السياق (٢)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٢٠.","vol":"6","page":432},{"text":"أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بنُ أبى غَسّانَ الفَرائضيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الصَّبّاحِيُّ الإِسكَندَرانِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سعيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيَّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في جُمُعَةٍ مِنَ الجُمَعِ: \"مَعاشِرَ المُسلِمينَ، هَذا يَومٌ جَعَلَه اللهُ ﷿ لَكُم عيدًا، فاغتَسِلوا، وعَلَيكُم بالسِّواكِ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٠٢٨ - ورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ مِنَ الجُمَعِ. فذَكَرَه على لَفظِ حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ عن ابنِ السَّبّاقِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى لنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). والصَّحيحُ ما رَواه مالكٌ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ مُرسَلًا.\n\n٦٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الطابرانى\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٤٦٥ من طريق يحيى بن عثمان به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٧٥: ابن لهيعة ضعيف.","vol":"6","page":433},{"text":"\"إنَّ مِنَ الفِطرَةِ قَصَّ الشّارِبِ والظفُرِ وحَلقَ العانَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢). وزادَ بَعضُهُم عن حَنظَلَةَ في هَذا الحديثِ: \"نَتْفَ الإبطِ\".\n\n٦٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أَخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الفِطرَةُ خَمسٌ؛ الاختِتانُ، والاستِحدادُ، وقَصُّ الشّارِبِ، وتَقليمُ الأظفارِ، ونَتف الإبطِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٦٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٥) هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٨٨)، والبخاري (٥٨٩٠)، والنسائي (١٢)، وابن حبان (٥٤٧٨) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٨٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٦، ٨٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٩)، وابن حبان (٥٤٨٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٦٩٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٧/ ٥٠)، والبخاري (٦٢٩٧، ٥٨٨٩).\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"محمد بن يعقوب\".","vol":"6","page":434},{"text":"وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن نافِعِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُقَلِّمُ أظفارَه ويَقُصُّ شارِبَه في كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن أبي جَعفَرٍ مُرسَلًا قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَحِبُّ أن يأخُذَ مِن شارِبِه وأَظفارِه يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n٦٠٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ قال: كان لِى عَمّانِ قَد شَهِدا الشَّجَرَةَ يأخُذانِ مِن شَوارِبِهِما وأَظفارِهِما كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ (^٢).\nفأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا في: \"المُؤمِنُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ كَهَيئَةِ المُحرِمِ؛ لا يأخُذُ مِن أظفارِه، ولا مِن شَعَرِه، حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ الصَّلاةُ\" (^٣). وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا: \"المُسلِمُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ مُحرِمٌ، فإِذا صَلَّى فقَد أحَلَّ\" (^٤). فإِنَّما رُوِيا عَنهُما بإِسنادَينِ ضَعيفَينِ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِهِما، وفِي الرِّوايَةِ الصَّحيحَةِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن فِعلِه دَليلٌ على ضعفِ ما يُخالِفُه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) عزاه ابن رجب في فتح الباري ٨/ ١٠٣ إلى المصنف.\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٠٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن يمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٤٦٢، ٤٦٣.\n(^٤) ينظر فتح الباري لابن رجب ٨/ ١٠٢، ١٠٣.","vol":"6","page":435},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1287>بابُ كَيفَ يَستَجمِرُ لِلجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى وأبو طاهِرٍ وحَرمَلَةُ قالوا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا استَجمَرَ استَجمَرَ بالأَلُوَّةِ غَيرَ مُطَرّاةٍ (^١) وبِكافورٍ يَطرَحُه مَعَ الأَلُوَّةِ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا كان يَستَجمِرُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عيسَى (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ مُقَيَّدًا بيَومِ الجُمُعَةِ:\n\n٦٠٣٤ - حَدَّثَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٤) بنِ فِراسٍ المالِكِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عَجَبٍ الأنبارِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، قال: كان إذا استَجمَرَ استَجمَرَ لِلجُمُعَةِ بعودٍ غَيرِ مُطَرًّى وعَلا عَلَيه بالكافورِ، ويَقولُ: هَذا بخورُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الألوة: العود يتبخر به. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٨١. غير مطراة: أي غير مخلوطة بغيرها من الطيب. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٨. وتقدم معنى الاستجمار في (٥٧٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٥١٥٠) عن أبي الطاهر وحده به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٥٤).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"محمد\". وتقدم في (٢٨٦٦)، وسيأتي في (١٢٧٢٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٤٠٠ من طريق ابن لهيعة به، بدون ذكر الجمعة.","vol":"6","page":436},{"text":"ورُوّينا فيما مَضى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه دُعِىَ إلَى سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ وهو يَستَجمِرُ لِلجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1288>بابُ مَن عُرِضَ عَلَيه طيبٌ</span>\n\n٦٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الزّاهِدُ قالا: أخبرَنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن عُرِضَ عَلَيه طيبٌ فلا يَرُدَّه، فإِنَّه خَفيفُ المَحمَلِ طَيِّبُ الرّائحَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن المُقرِئِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1289>بابٌ: خَيرُ ثيابِكُمُ البيضُ</span>\n\n٦٠٣٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ خُثَيمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٧٠٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٨٩٣)، والشعب (٦٠٧٠) وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٦٤)، وأبو داود (٤١٧٢)، والنسائي (٥٢٧٤)، وابن حبان (٥١٠٩) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٥٣).","vol":"6","page":437},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"البَسوا مِن ثيابِكُمُ البيضَ (^١)، وكَفِّنوا فيها مَوتاكُم، ومِن خَيرِ أكحالِكُمُ الإِثمِدُ؛ إنَّه يَجلو البَصَرَ ويُنبتُ الشَّعرَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1290>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن ثيابِ الحِبَرَةِ، وما يُصبَغُ غَزلُه لا يُصبَغُ بَعدَ ما يُنسَجُ</span>\n\n٦٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ وموسَى بن إسماعيلَ وهُدبَةُ قالوا: حدثنا هَمّامٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ وهِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسا: أيُّ اللِّباسِ كان أحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أو أعجَبَ؟ قال: الحِبَرَةُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ عن هَمّامٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هَدّابٍ، وهو هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"البياض بخطه\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٦٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٨٧٨، ٤٠٦١)، والترمذي (٩٩٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٧٢، ٣٥٦٦) من طريق ابن خثيم به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) الجعديات (٣١٤٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٦٠) عن هدبة به. وأحمد (١٢٣٧٧) من طريق همام به. وأحمد (١٤١٠٨)، والبخاري (٥٨١٣)، والترمذي (١٧٨٧)، والنسائي (٥٣٣٠) من طريق قتادة به.\nوالحبرة: ثياب من كتان أو قطن محبرة: أي مزينة، والتحبير: التزيين والتحسين. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٥٦.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٨١٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٩/ ٣٢).","vol":"6","page":438},{"text":"٦٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، أنَّ جُبَيرَ بنَ نُفَيرٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو حَدَّثَه قال: رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - علَيَّ ثَوبَينِ مُعَصفَرَينِ (^١) فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو إنَّ هذه ثيابُ الكُفّارِ فلا تَلبَسْها\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: هَبَطْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن ثَنيَّةٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاتِه. قال: ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَيَّ وعَلَىَّ رَيطَةٌ مُضَرَّجَةٌ (^٤) بعُصفُرٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذِه الرَّيطَةُ عَلَيكَ؟ \". فعَرَفتُ ما كَرِهَ، فأَتَيتُ أهلِى وهُم يَسجُرونَ تَنّورًا لَهُم فقَذَفتُها فيه، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه الغَدَ فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللَّهِ ما فعَلَتِ الرَّيطَةُ؟ \". فأَخبَرتُه فقالَ: \"أفَلا كَسَوتَها بَعضَ أهلِكَ؟! فإِنَّه لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المعصفر: المصبوغ بالعصفر، وهو صبغ أحمر. المفهم ٥/ ٣٩٩.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٣٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥١٣)، والنسائي (٥٣٣١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٧٧/ ٢٧).\n(^٤) الريطة: ملاءة هي نسج واحد، والمضرح: الذي ليس صبغه بالمشبع العام، وإنما هو لطخ علق به. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٩٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٧٠٨، ٤٠٦٦) عن مسدد به. وابن ماجه (٣٦٠٣) من طريق عيسى به. وأحمد (٦٨٥٢) من طريق هشام بن الغاز به.","vol":"6","page":439},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1291>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ لِلنِّساءِ مِنَ الطّيبِ عِندَ الخُروجِ وما يَشتَهِرنَ بهِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في هَذا آثارٌ (^١) في آخِرِ بابِ إمامَةِ النِّساءِ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ امرأَةً مَرَّت به تَعصِفُ ريحُها فقالَ: يا أمَةَ الجَبّارِ، المَسجِدَ تُريدينَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قال: ولَه تَطَيَّبتِ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قال: فارجِعِى فاغتَسِلِى؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِنِ امرأَةٍ تَخرُجُ إلَى المَسجِدِ تَعصِفُ ريحُها فيَقبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنها صَلاتَها حَتَّى تَرجِعَ إلَى بَيتِها فتَغتَسِلَ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا أركَبُ الأُرجوانَ (^٤)، ولا ألبَسُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"أخبار\".\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٤٣٩ - ٥٤٤٣).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٤١).\n(^٤) الأرجوان: وطاء محشو يترك على رحل البعير تحت الراكب، يتخذ من الحرير والديباج. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ٣٤٧ (وث ر).","vol":"6","page":440},{"text":"المُعَصفَرَ، ولا ألبَسُ القَميصَ المُكَفَّفَ بالحَريرِ\". قال: وأَومأَ الحَسَنُ إلَى جَيبِ قَميصِه. قال: وقالَ: \"ألا وطيبُ الرِّجالِ ريحٌ لا لَونَ له، ألا وطيبُ النِّساءِ لَونٌ لا ريحَ له\". قال سعيدٌ: إنَّما حَمَلنا قَولَه في طيبِ النِّساءِ على أنَّها إذا خَرَجَت، وأَمّا عِندَ زَوجِها فإِنَّها تَطَّيَّبُ بما شاءَت (^١).\n\n٦٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا ثابِتُ بنُ عُمارَةَ الحَنَفِىُّ، أخبرَنا غُنَيمُ بنُ قَيسٍ الكَعبِيُّ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما امرأَةٍ استَعطَرَت فمَرَّت على قَومٍ ليَجِدوا (^٢) ريحَها فهِىَ زانيَةٌ، وكُلُّ عَينٍ زانيَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1292>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلإِمامِ مِن حُسنِ الهَيئَةِ، وأَن يَعتَمَّ، وما ورَدَ في لُبسِ السَّوادِ</span>\n\n٦٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن مُساوِرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٨٩٦)، والشعب (٦٣٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٠٤٨) من طريق روح به. والترمذي (٢٧٨٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤١٥).\n(^٢) في س: \"فيجدوا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٨٩٧)، والشعب (٧٨١٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٨١)، وابن حبان (٤٤٢٤) من طريق النضر بن شميل به. وأحمد (١٩٥١٣) مختصرًا، وأبو داود (٤١٧٣)، والترمذي (٢٧٨٦)، والنسائي (٥١٤١) من طريق ثابت به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":441},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٠٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن مُساوِرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ قَد أرخَى طَرَفَها (^٣) بَينَ كَتِفَيهِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٥).\n\n٦٠٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِىِّ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حَكيمٍ عن شَريكٍ (^٧).\n\n٦٠٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٣٤) عن وكيع به. والنسائي (٥٣٥٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٠٤) من طريق مساور به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٩/ ٤٥٢).\n(^٣) في س: \"طرفيها\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٧٦١)، وأبو داود (٤٠٧٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٣٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٢١، ٣٥٨٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٥٩/ ٤٥٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٥٣٦٠) من طريق الفضل بن دكين به. وأحمد (١٥١٥٧) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٣٥٨).","vol":"6","page":442},{"text":"ابنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ بمِثلِهِ (^١).\n\n٦٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مِلحانَ بنَ ثَوبانَ يقولُ: كان عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ عَلَينا بالكوفَةِ سنةً، وكانَ يَخطُبُنا كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ الدّارَ يَومَ قُتِلَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -، فمَرَرتُ في المَسجِدِ فإِذا رَجُلٌ يُنادِى في ظُلَّةِ النِّساءِ مُحتَبِى بسَيفِه عَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ، فإِذا عليٌّ - ﵁ - قال: ما صُنِعَ بالرَّجُلِ؟ قُلتُ: قُتِلَ. قال: تَبًّا لَكُم سائرَ الدَّهرِ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٠٤)، وأبو داود (٤٠٧٦)، والترمذي (١٧٣٥)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٩٧٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٢٢، ٣٥٨٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٣٣٩) من طريق شعبة به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٤٤٨ من طريق المصنف به. وابن سعد ٣/ ٢٩، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٣٣٢) عن وكيع به.","vol":"6","page":443},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ قال: رأَيتُ على ابنِ عُمَرَ عِمامَةً سَوداءَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1293>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ الارتِداءِ ببُرْدٍ</span>\n\n٦٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بمِنًى يَخطُبُ على بَغلَةٍ وعَلَيه بُرْدٌ أحمَرُ، وعَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - أمامَه يُعَبِّرُ عَنه (^٢).\n\n٦٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَلبَسُ بُرْدَه الأحمَرَ في العيدِ والجُمُعَةِ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٥٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسَّانُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ١٧٤ من طريق آخر عن أبي لؤلؤة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٢٠) عن أبي معاوية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٣٤).\nوقوله: يعبر عنه: من التعبير، أي: يُبَلِّغ حديثه من هو بعيد من النبي - ﷺ -، فهو - ﵁ - وقف حيث يبلغه صوت النبي - ﷺ - ويفهمه فيبلغه للناس ويفهمهم من غير زيادة ونقصان. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٤٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٤٥١، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ٢٠٣ من طريق حفص بن غياث به.","vol":"6","page":444},{"text":"حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: كان لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بُرْدٌ يَلبَسُها في العيدَينِ والجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1294>بابُ التَّشديدِ في تَركِ الجُمُعَةِ سِوَى ما مَضَى في أوَّلِ هَذا الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٦٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عَبِيدَةَ بنِ سُفيانَ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبي الجَعدِ الضَّمرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ تَهاوُنًا بها طَبَعَ اللَّهُ ﷿ على قَلبِه\" (^٢). وهَكَذا رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ وغَيرُه عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الشّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن أَسِيدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٦٦) عن الحسن بن الصباح به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٢٩)، وفى الشعب (٣٠٠٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٥٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٠٥٢)، والنسائي (١٣٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٥٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٨٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":445},{"text":"ابنِ أبي أَسِيدٍ البَرّادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ ثَلاثًا مُتَوالياتٍ مِن غَيرِ ضَرورَةٍ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ ﷿ على قَلبِه\" (^١).\nتابَعَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن أَسِيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى غُفرَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ثَعلَبَةَ بنَ أبى مالكٍ يُخبِرُ عن حارِثَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَكونُ له الغُنَيمَةُ في حاشيَةِ القَريَةِ يَكونُ فيها ويَشهَدُ الصَّلَواتِ، فإِذا تَعَذَّرَت عَلَيه قال: لَو أنِّى ارتَفَعتُ إلَى رَدهَةٍ (^٣) هِىَ أعفَى مِنها كَلأً؟ فيَرتَفِعُ إلَيها حَتَّى لا يأتِىَ المَسجِدَ إلَّا كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ، حَتَّى إذا تَعَذَّرَت وأَكَلَ ما حَولَها قال: لَوِ ارتَفَعتُ إلَى رَدهَةٍ هِىَ أعفَى مِنها كَلأً؟ فيَرتَفِعُ إلَيه حَتَّى لا يأتِىَ الجُمُعَةَ، ولا يَدرِى ما يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، حَتَّى يَطبَعَ اللَّهُ على قَلبِه\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٠٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٩٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٥٦) من طريق ابن عبد الحكم به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٦٥٧)، وابن ماجه (١١٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٥٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٤٠١): إسناده صحيح ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٢ من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) في س: \"رويبه\". والردهة: النقرة في الجبل يستنقع فيها الماء. النهاية ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٢٣٠) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٧٨)، والطبراني (٣٢٣١، ٣٢٣٢) من طريق عمر به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨٠: سنده متصل، لكن عمر ضعف.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٢٢٩) من طريق بشر به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٩٣: وفيه عمر بن عبد الله مولى غفرة وهو ضعيف.","vol":"6","page":446},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1295>بابُ ما ورَدَ في كَفّارَةِ مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ بغَيرِ عُذرٍ</span>\n\n٦٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ وبَرَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ فلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بدينارٍ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فبِنِصفِ دينارٍ\" (^١).\n\n٦٠٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أنَّ قَتادَةَ حَدَّثَهُم، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ وبَرَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ الفَزارِيِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: مَن تَرَكَ الجُمُعَةَ لغيرِ (^٢) عُذرٍ فلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بدِرهَمٍ، أو نِصفِ دِرهَمٍ، أو صاعٍ أو مُدٍّ (^٣). قال سعيدٌ: فسألتُ قَتادَةَ: هَل يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -؟ فشَكَّ في ذَلِكَ. قال سعيدٌ: وقَد ذَكَرَ بَعضُ أصحابِنا أنَّ قَتادَةَ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٩٤٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٨٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٦١) من طريق الطيالسي ويزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٨٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٢٠١٥٩)، وأبو داود (١٠٥٣)، والنسائي (١٣٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٦١)، وابن حبان (٢٧٨٨، ٢٧٨٩) من طريق همام به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣١).\n(^٢) في م: \"من غير\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٠ من طريق سعيد بن بشير عن قتادة عن قدامة، فذكره ولم يذكر سمرة بن جندب.","vol":"6","page":447},{"text":"٦٠٥٨ - ورَواه أيّوبُ بنُ مِسكينٍ أبو العَلاءِ عن قَتادَةَ فأَرسَلَه. أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ وإِسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن أيّوبَ أبى العَلاءِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ (^١) وبَرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فاتَته الجُمُعَةُ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ فلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بدِرهَمٍ، أو نِصفِ دِرهَمٍ، أو صاعِ حِنطَةٍ، أو نِصفِ صاعٍ\" (^٢)\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ عن قَتادَةَ وخِلافِ أبى العَلاءِ إيّاه فيه فقالَ: هَمّامٌ عِندَنا أحفَظُ مِن أيّوبَ أبى العَلاءِ (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ورَواه خالِدُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن قَتادَةَ فوافَقَ هَمّامًا في مَتنِ الحديثِ وخالَفَه في إسنادِهِ:\n\n٦٠٥٩ - أخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن أخيه خالِدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَرَكَ جُمُعَةً مُتَعَمِّدًا فلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بدينارٍ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فبِنِصفِ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٥٤). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٠ من طريق محمد بن يزيد وإسحاق بن يوسف به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٣٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٠. وأخرجه أبو داود عقب (١٠٥٤) عن أحمد به.","vol":"6","page":448},{"text":"دينارٍ\" (^١).\nكَذا قال، ولا أظُنُّه إلَّا واهِمًا في إسنادِه؛ لاتِّفاقِ مَن مَضى على خِلافِه فيه، فأَمّا المَتنُ فإِنَّه يَشهَدُ لِصِحَّةِ رِوايَةِ هَمّامٍ، وكانَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ لا يَراه قَويًّا؛ فإِنَّ قُدامَةَ بنَ وبَرَةَ لَم يَثبُتْ سَماعُه مِن سَمُرَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ: قُدامَةُ بنُ وبَرَةَ عن سَمُرَةَ لَم يَصِحَّ سَماعُه (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا الَّذِى ذَكَرَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ قُدامَةَ بنِ وبَرَةَ إنَّما هو حَديثُ قَتادَةَ عن قُدامَةَ عن سَمُرَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في التَّخَلُّفِ عن الجُمُعَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1296>بابُ ما يُؤمَرُ به في لَيلَةِ الجُمُعَةِ ويَومِها مِن كَثرَةِ الصَّلاةِ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وقِراءَةِ سورَةِ الكَهفِ، وغَيرِها</span>\n\n٦٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِىِّ، عن أوسِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفضَلُ أيّامِكُم يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، فيه خُلِقَ آدَمُ، وفيه قُبِضَ، وفيه النَّفخَةُ، وفيه الصَّعقَةُ، فأَكثِروا علَيَّ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ فيه، فإِنَّ صَلاتَكُم مَعروضَةٌ علَيَّ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٦٦٢)، وابن ماجه (١١٢٨) من طريق نوح بن قيس به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٣٣).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٧٧.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٧٤.","vol":"6","page":449},{"text":"وكَيفَ تُعرَضُ صَلاتُنا عَلَيكَ وقَد أرِمتَ؟ يَقولونَ: قَد بَليتَ. قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَرَّمَ على الأرضِ أن تأكُلَ أجسادَ الأنبياءِ\". وقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مَرَّةً: \"إنَّ مِن أفضَلِ أيّامِكُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٢).\n\n٦٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ السَّختِيانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أكثرِوا الصَّلاةَ علَيَّ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ولَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ، فمَن صَلَّى عليَّ صَلاةً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيه عَشرًا\" (^٣).\n\n٦٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن مَكحولٍ الشّامِىِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أكثِروا عليَّ مِنَ الصّلاةِ في كُلِّ يَومِ جُمُعَةٍ، فإِنَّ صَلاةَ أُمَّتِى تُعرَضُ عليَّ في كُلِّ يَومِ جُمُعَةٍ، فمَن كان أكثَرَهُم عليَّ صَلاةً كان أقرَبَهُم مِنِّى مَنزِلَةً\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٣٤)، والشعب (٣٠٢٩)، وفضائل الأوقات (٢٧٥)، وحياة الأنبياء في قبورهم (١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٦٢)، والنسائى (١٣٧٣)، وابن ماجه (١٠٨٥، ١٦٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٣٣) من طريق حسين بن على الجعفى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٠٤٧، ١٥٣١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٩٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٧٧). وأخرجه القطيعى في جزء الألف دينار (١٤٢) عن أبي خليفة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨١: إسناده صالح.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٣٢)، وحياة الأنبياء في قبورهم (١٣). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨١: مكحول قيل: لم يلق أبا أمامة. وينظر جلاء الأفهام لابن القيم ص ٨٦.","vol":"6","page":450},{"text":"ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن أوجُهٍ عن أنَسٍ بأَلفاظٍ مُختَلِفَةٍ (^١)، تَرجِعُ كُلُّها إلَى التَّحريضِ على الصَّلاةِ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ ويَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، وفِي بَعضِ إسنادِها ضَعفٌ، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٦٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو هاشِمٍ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قرأَ سورَةَ \"الكَهفِ\" في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، أضاءَ له مِنَ النّورِ ما بَينَ الجُمُعَتَينِ\" (^٢). ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ مَخلَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن هُشَيمٍ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: \"أضاءَ له مِنَ النّورِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ العَتيقِ\" (^٣). ورَواه سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ عن هُشَيمٍ فوَقَفَه على أبى سعيدٍ وقالَ: ما بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ العَتيقِ (^٤). وبِمَعناه رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي هاشِمٍ مَوقوفًا (^٥). ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي هاشِمٍ بإِسنادِه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قرأَ سورَةَ \"الكَهفِ\" كما أُنزِلَت كانَت له نورًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ٩٤٤، ٩٦٨، ٩٦٩، وعمل اليوم والليلة لابن السنى (٣٧٩)، وشعب الإيمان للمصنف (٣٠٣٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٣٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٠٣٩)، وفضائل الأوقات (٢٧٩) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٤) سعيد - كما في الشعب للمصنف (٢٤٤٤)، وتفسير ابن كثير ٥/ ١٣١.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٩٠) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن كثير به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨١: وقفه أصح.","vol":"6","page":451},{"text":"٦٠٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ عِصامِ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ اليَعمَرِيِّ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حَفِظَ عَشْرَ آياتٍ مِن أوَّلِ سورَةِ \"الكَهفِ\" عُصِمَ مِن فِتنَةِ الدَّجّالِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي موسَى عن مُعاذٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1297>بابُ السَّاعَةِ التي في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، وما جاءَ في فضلِه على طَريقِ الاختِصارِ</span>\n\n٦٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: \"فيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (٢٨٨٦) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به. وأحمد (٢١٧١٢)، وأبو داود (٤٣٢٣)، والترمذي (٢٨٨٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٠٩).","vol":"6","page":452},{"text":"ساعَةٌ لا يوافِقُها عبدٌ مسلمٌ - وَفِى رِوايَةِ الشَّافِعِىِّ: إنسانٌ مسلمٌ - وهو قائمٌ يُصَلِّى يَسأَلُ اللَّهَ شَيئًا إلَّا أعطاه إيّاه\". وأَشارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه يُقَلِّلُها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي بُردَةَ بنِ أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال لِىَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: أسَمِعتَ أباكَ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في شأنِ ساعَةِ الجُمُعَةِ؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم، سَمِعتُه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"هِىَ ما بَينَ أن يَجلِسَ الإمامُ إلَى أن يَقضِىَ الصَّلاةَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى وجَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ يقولُ وذاكَرتُه بحَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨١٨) بالإسناد الأول، والشافعي ١/ ٢٠٩، ومالك ١/ ١٠٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٧٤٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٣٥)، ومسلم (٨٥٢/ ١٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٠٤٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٧٣٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٥٣).","vol":"6","page":453},{"text":"مَخرَمَةَ هَذا فقالَ: هَذا أجوَدُ حَديثٍ وأَصَحُّه في بَيانِ ساعَةِ الجُمُعَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ في خَبَرٍ آخَرَ الأمرُ بالتِماسِها آخِرَ السّاعَةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ:\n\n٦٠٦٧ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: حَدَّثَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن الجُلَاحِ مَولَى عبدِ العَزيزِ، أنَّ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ لا يوجَدُ عبدٌ مسلم يَسأَلُ اللَّهَ شَيئًا إلَّا آتاه اللَّهُ إيّاه، فالتَمِسوها آخِرَ السّاعَةِ بَعدَ العَصرِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيُّ عن أبي سلمةَ عن أبي هريرةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ:\n\n٦٠٦٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي وأَحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِيُّ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨٢: مخرمة لم يسمع من أبيه. قاله أحمد ثم وثقه، وابن معين يضعفه والبخاري فلم يخرج له، وحدثه هذا يعارضه ما قبله، وهو أصح منه بلا نزاع، وفيه: \"وهو قائم يصلى\". وإذا جلس الإمام تعين الجلوس لاستماع الخطبة، ما بقى إلا صلاة الجمعة، فلعله.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٩٧٦)، وفضائل الأوقات (٢٥٢)، وابن وهب في موطئه (٢٢٨)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٠٤٨)، والنسائي (١٣٨٨). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨٢: اللجلاج - صوابه: الجلاح - لا أعرفه، وكأنه صويلح، لكن الحديث معلول.","vol":"6","page":454},{"text":"ابنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ المُقرِئُ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ وصيفٍ الغَزِّىُّ بغَزَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الغَزِّيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ مِهْرُويه المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّه قال: خَرَجتُ إلَى الطّورِ (^١) فلَقيتُ كَعبَ الأحبارِ، فجَلَستُ مَعَه، فحَدَّثَنِى عن التَّوراةِ وحَدَّثتُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فكانَ فيما حَدَّثتُه أن قُلتُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت فيه الشَّمسُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، فيه خُلِقَ آدَمُ، وفيه أُهبِطَ، وفيه تِيبَ عَلَيه، وفيه ماتَ، وفيه تَقومُ السّاعَةُ، وما مِن دابَّةٍ إلَّا وهِىَ مُسِيخَةٌ (^٢) يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ مِن حينِ تُصبِحُ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ؛ شَفَقًا مِنَ السّاعَةِ، إلَّا الجِنَّ والإِنسَ، وفيه ساعَةٌ لا يُصادِفُها عبدٌ مسلمٌ وهو يُصَلِّى يَسأَلُ اللَّهَ فيها خَيرًا إلَّا أعطاه اللَّهُ إيّاه\". فقالَ كَعبٌ: ذَلِكَ في كُلِّ سنةٍ يَومٌ. فقُلتُ: بَل هو في كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ. قال: فقَرأَ كَعبُ الأحبارِ التَّوراةَ فقالَ: صَدَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَديثًا آخَرَ ثُمَّ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ سَلَامٍ فحَدَّثتُه بمَجلِسِى مَعَ كَعبِ الأحبارِ وما حَدَّثتُه في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، فقُلتُ له: قال كَعبٌ:\n_________\n(^١) الطور: بلاد الشام. قال ياقوت: يقال لجميع بلاد الشام: الطور. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٥٥٤. وجاءت الرواية عند أحمد (٢٣٧٩١) عن أبي هريرة: قدمت الشام فلقيت كعبا.\n(^٢) مسيخة: مُصْغية مستمعة. ويروى بالصاد وهو الأصل. النهاية ٢/ ٤٣٣.","vol":"6","page":455},{"text":"ذَلِكَ في كُلِّ سنةٍ يَومٌ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: كَذَبَ كَعبٌ. فقُلتُ: نَعَم، ثُمَّ قرأَ كَعبٌ التَّوراةَ فقالَ: بَل هِىَ في كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: صَدَقَ كَعبٌ. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: قَد عَلِمتُ أيَّةَ ساعَةٍ هِىَ. قال أبو هريرةَ: فقُلتُ له: فأَخبِرْنِى بها ولا تَضنَنْ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: هِىَ آخِرُ ساعَةٍ مِن يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ. قال أبو هريرةَ: وكَيفَ تكونُ آخِرَ ساعَةٍ مِن يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ وقَد قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُصادِفُها عبدٌ مسلمٌ وهو يُصَلِّى\". وتِلكَ ساعَةٌ لا يُصَلَّى فيها؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: ألَم يَقُلْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن جَلَسَ مَجلِسًا يَنتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ فهو في صَلاةٍ حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ\". قال أبو هريرةَ: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: هو ذلكَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن يَزيدَ عن محمدٍ عن أبى سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٦٩ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبي سلمةَ، فجَعَلَ قَولَه: \"خَيرُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت فيه الشَّمسُ\". رِوايَةً عن أبي هريرةَ عن كَعبٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن الحُسَينِ، عن يَحيَى، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: خَيرُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت فيه الشَّمسُ يَومُ جُمُعةٍ (^٣)، فيه خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ﷿ آدَمَ، وفيه أُدخِلَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩، ومالك ١/ ١٠٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣٠٣)، والترمذي (٤٩١)، وابن حبان (٢٧٧٢)، وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠٤٦) عن القعنبى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٨/ ١١٩ عن الليث به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الجمعة\".","vol":"6","page":456},{"text":"الجَنَّةَ، وفيه أُخرِجَ مِنها، وفيه تَقومُ السّاعَةُ (^١).\nورَواه الأوزاعيُّ عن يَحيَى، زادَ: قال: قُلتُ له: شَئٌ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: بَل شَئٌ حَدَّثَناه كَعبٌ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجُ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٦٠٧٠ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ أبو القاسِمِ (^٣) الخَوّاصُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَيرُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت عَلَيه الشَّمسُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ، فيه خُلِقَ آدَمُ، وفيه أُدخِلَ الجَنَّةَ، وفيه أُخرِجَ مِنها، ولا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ إلَّا في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن الأعرَجِ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ فرّوخَ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\nوذَهَبَ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ إلَى أنَّ هَذا الاختِلافَ في قَولِه: \"فيه\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن رجب في فتح الباري ٨/ ٢٩٠ عن الحسين به من قول كعب.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٧٢٩) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: كذا وقع في النسخ: أبو القاسم. وهو خطأ، وصوابه: ابن القاسم، وإنما كنيته أبو محمد وهو الخلدى صاحب الجنيد، رحمهما الله، والله أعلم. من خط ابن الصلاح\" اهـ. قلت: وسيأتي على الصواب في (١٧٦٣٤). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٥٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٠٩)، والترمذي (٤٨٨) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٥٤/ ١٧، ١٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٢٩) من طريق عبد الله بن فروخ به.","vol":"6","page":457},{"text":"خُلِقَ آدَمُ\". إلَى آخِرِه. فأَمّا قَولُه: \"خَيرُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت فيه الشَّمسُ يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ\". فهو عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لا شَكَّ فيهِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) صحيح ابن خزيمة ٣/ ١١٦.","vol":"6","page":458},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1298>كتابُ صلاةِ الخوفِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1299>بابُ الدَّليلِ على ثُبوتِ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ، وأَنَّها لَم تُنسَخْ</span>\n\n٦٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الخَندَقِ، فشُغِلنا عن صَلَواتٍ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلالًا فأَقامَ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ إقامَةً، وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يَنزِلَ عَلَيه ﴿فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ٢٣٩].\n\n٦٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، [عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عبدٍ (^٣) السَّلولِيِّ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ بطَبَرِستانَ، وكانَ مَعَه نَفَرٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -] (^٢)، فقالَ لَهُم سعيدٌ: أيُّكُم شَهِدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ؟ فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: أنا، مُرْ أصحابَكَ فليَقوموا طائفَتَينِ؛ طائفَةٌ مِنهُم بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ، وطائفَةٌ مِنهُم خَلفَكَ، فتُكَبِّرُ ويُكَبِّرونَ جَميعًا، وتَركَعُ ويَركَعونَ جَميعًا، وتَرفَعُ ويَرفَعونَ جَميعًا، ثُمَّ تَسجُدُ وتَسجُدُ الطّائفَةُ التي تَليكَ، وتَقومُ الطّائفَةُ الأُخرَى بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٣٤٥). وتقدم في (١٩١٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عبيد\".","vol":"6","page":459},{"text":"رَفَعتَ رأسَكَ قامَ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ يَلونَكَ وخَرَّ الآخَرونَ سُجَّدًا، ثُمَّ تَركَعُ فيَركَعونَ جَميعًا، ثُمَّ تَرفَعُ ويَرفَعونَ جَميعًا، وتَسجُدُ فتَسجُدُ الطّائفَةُ التي تَليكَ والطّائفَةُ الأُخْرَى قائمَةٌ بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ، فإِذا رَفَعتَ رأسَكَ مِنَ السُّجودِ سَجَدَ الَّذينَ بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ ثُمَّ تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيهِم. وتأمُرُ أصحابَكَ إن هاجَهَم هَيْجٌ فقَد حَلَّ لَهُمُ القِتالُ والكَلامُ (^١).\n\n٦٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى أنَّهُم غَزَوا مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ كابُلَ، فصلَّى بنا صَلاةَ الخَوفِ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الجَمّالُ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُقاتِلٍ، حدثنا حَكّامٌ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ الرّازِيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قال: صَلَّى بنا أبو موسَى الأشعَرِيُّ - ﵁ - بأَصبَهانَ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ (^٤).\nورَوَى حِطّانُ الرَّقاشِيُّ عن أبي موسَى أنَّه صَلَّى صَلاةَ الخَوفِ (^٥). ويُذكَرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٦٥) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به. وأحمد (٢٣٤٥٤) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١١٨٥: لا يعرف سليم. اهـ. وسيأتي في (٦١١٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٢٤٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧٠).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحمال\". وينظر المشتبه ١/ ١٧١.\n(^٤) طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان ١/ ٦١، ٦٢. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٤٧٦) من طريق محمد بن مقاتل به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ١٩٧: رواه الطبراني في الكبير والأوسط بنحوه ورجال الكبير رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢٣٦).","vol":"6","page":460},{"text":"عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - صَلَّى المَغرِبَ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ لَيلَةَ الهَريرِ (^١). ورُوّينا عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ أنَّه عَلَّمَهُم صَلاةَ الخَوفِ (^٢). وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان إذا سُئلَ عن صَلاةِ الخَوفِ وصَفَها (^٣).\nوالَّذينَ رَوَوها عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَم يَحمِلْها أحَدٌ مِنهُم على تَخصيصِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بها أو على أنَّها تُرِكَت، بَل رَواها كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم وهو يَعتَقِدُ جَوازَها على الصِّفَةِ التي رَواها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1300>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ في السَّفَرِ، إذا كان العَدوُّ مِن غَيرِ جِهَةِ القِبلَةِ، أو جِهَتَها غَيرَ مأمونينَ</span>\n\n٦٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن يَزيدَ (^٤) بنِ رومانَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عَمَّن صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ ذاتِ\n_________\n(^١) ليلة الهرير: من ليالى وقعة صفين التي كانت بين على ومعاوية - ﵄ -، وسميت بذلك لكثرة ما كان الفرسان يهرون فيها، وقتل فيها ما يقرب من سبعين ألف قتيل. البداية والنهاية ١٠/ ٥٤٢.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٦٠٧٧ - ٦٠٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٤٥٣٥)، ومسلم (٨٣٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"زيد\".","vol":"6","page":461},{"text":"الرِّقاعِ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ، أنَّ طائفَةً صَفَّت مَعَه، وطائفَةٌ وُجاهَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى بالَّتِى مَعَه رَكعَةً ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ قائمًا، وأَتَمّوا لأنفُسِهِم ثُمَّ انصَرَفوا فصَفُّوا وُجاهَ العَدوِّ، وجاءَتِ الطّائفَةُ الأُخرَى فصَلَّى بهِمُ الرَّكعَةَ التي بَقيَت ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ جالِسًا، وأَتَمّوا لأنفُسِهِم، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بهِم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٠٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ (^٣) الحَمّامِيِّ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن أخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن أبيه قال: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ فصَفَّ طائفَةً مَعَه، وطائفَةٌ تِلقاءَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالَّذينَ مَعَه رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ قامَ وقاموا فأَتَمّوا لأنفُسِهِم، ثُمَّ ذَهَبوا مَكانَ أصحابِهِم، وجاءَ الآخَرونَ فصَلَّى بهِمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الرَّكعَةَ التي بَقيَت، ثُمَّ أتَمّوا لأنفُسِهِم. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: قال القاسِمُ: ما سَمِعتُ شَيئًا في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ مِن هَذا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٢٧)، والدلائل ٣/ ٣٧٦، والشافعي ١/ ٢١٠، ومالك ١/ ١٨٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣١٣٦)، وأبو داود (١٢٣٨)، والنسائي (١٥٣٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٢٩)، ومسلم (٨٤٢).\n(^٣) سقط من: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٢٩) من طريق عبد العزيز به. والشافعي ٧/ ١٩٤، وفي الرسالة (٥١٠، ٦٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦٠)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣٧٨ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به. وليس عند ابن خزيمة ذكر عبيد الله بن عمر.","vol":"6","page":462},{"text":"٦٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بأَصحابِه في خَوفٍ فجَعَلَهُم خَلفَه صَفَّينِ، فصَلَّى بالَّذينَ يَلُونَه رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ قامَ، فلَم يَزَلْ قائمًا حَتَّى صَلَّى الَّذينَ خَلفَهُم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّموا، وتأخَّرَ الَّذينَ كانوا قَد أمَّهُم فصلَّى بهِمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ حَتَّى صَلَّى الَّذينَ تَخَلَّفوا رَكعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بهِمِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٠٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِيُّ، [حدثنا يحيى بنُ سعيدٍ القطانُ] (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ أنَّه قال في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ: يَقومُ الإمامُ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ وتَقومُ طائفَةٌ مِنهُم مَعَه، وطائفَةٌ مِن قِبَلِ العَدوِّ ووُجوهُهُم إلَى العَدوِّ، فيَركَعُ بهِم رَكعَةً ويَركَعونَ لأنفُسِهِم\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٩)، وابن حبان (٢٨٨٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٤١).\n(^٣) سقط من: الأصل، س، م. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥١١، ٣١/ ٣٢٩.","vol":"6","page":463},{"text":"ويَسجُدونَ لأنفُسِهِم سَجدَتَينِ في مَكانِهِم (^١)، ويَذهَبونَ إلَى مَقامِ أولَئكَ، ويَجِئُ أولَئكَ فيَركَعُ بهِم رَكعَةً ويَسجُدُ بهِم سَجدَتَينِ، [فهِىَ له ثِنتانِ ولَهُم واحِدَةٌ، ثُمَّ يَركَعونَ رَكعَةً ويَسجُدونَ سَجدَتَينِ] (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بَشّارٍ، وفِي حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ: فيُصَلِّى بالَّذينَ مَعَه رَكعَةً ثُمَّ يَقومونَ فيَركَعونَ لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً. والباقِى بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ بَشّارٍ يقولُ: سأَلتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ عن هَذا الحديثِ، فحَدَّثَنِى عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ. وقالَ يَحيَى: اكتُبْه إلَى جَنبِه، ولَستُ أحفَظُ الحديثَ، ولَكِنَّه مِثلُ حَديثِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٦٠٨٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"مقامهم\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٦٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٦) من طريق محمد بن بشار به. والنسائي (١٥٥٢) من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٣١).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٦٦)، وابن ماجه عقب (١٢٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٧) عن محمد بن بشار به.","vol":"6","page":464},{"text":"عن مُسَدَّدٍ هَكَذا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1301>بابُ مَن قال: تَقومُ الطّائفَةُ الثّانيَةُ فيَركَعونَ لأنفُسِهِمُ الرَّكعَةَ الباقيَةَ بَعدَ سَلامِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٦٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، حَدَّثَه أنَّ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ أن يَقومَ الإمامُ ومَعَه طائفَةٌ مِن أصحابِه، وطائفَةٌ مواجِهَةُ العَدوِّ، فيَركَعُ بهِمُ الإمامُ رَكعَةً، ويَسجُدُ بالَّذينَ مَعَه ثُمَّ يَقومُ، فإِذا استَوَى قائمًا ثَبَتَ وأَتَمّوا لأنفُسِهِمُ الرَّكعَةَ الباقيَةَ ثُمَّ سَلَّموا وانصرَفوا والإِمامُ قائمٌ وكانوا وُجاهَ العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ يُقبِلُ الآخَرونَ الَّذينَ لَم يُصَلّوا، فيُكَبِّرونَ وراءَ الإمامِ فيَركَعُ بهِم ويَسجُدُ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ، فيَقومونَ فيَركَعونَ لأنفُسِهِمُ الرَّكعَةَ الباقيَةَ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمونَ (^٢). كَذا رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ.\n\n٦٠٨٢ - وخالَفَه سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّورِيُّ، فرَواه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال في آخِرِه: ثُمَّ ذَهَبوا إلَى مَصافِّ أولَئكَ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ وقاموا وراءَ الإمامِ فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ قاموا فقَضوا تِلكَ الرَّكعَةَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ الإمامُ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٤١٣١).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٨٣، ١٨٤، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٢٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٠٤).","vol":"6","page":465},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن شُعبَةَ ومالِكٍ، قال في آخِرِه: ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ (^٢). وهَذا أولَى أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا؛ لموافَقَتِه رِوايَةَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه وسائرَ ما مَضَى في البابِ قَبلَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1302>بابُ أخذِ السِّلاحِ في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٢].\n\n٦٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي عَيّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعُسفانَ فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ صَلاةُ الظُّهرِ، وعَلَى خَيلِ المُشرِكينَ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ. قال: فصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأَصحابِه الظُّهرَ. قال: فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: إنَّ لَهُم صَلاةً بَعدَ هذه أحَبُّ إلَيهِم مِن أبنائهِم وأَموالِهِم وأَنفُسِهِم. يَعنونَ صَلاةَ العَصرِ، فنَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ فأَخبَرَه ونَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ﴾ الآيَة إلَى آخِرِها. فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَفَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفَّينِ وعَلَيهِمُ السِّلاحُ فكَبَّرَ والعَدوُّ بَينَ يَدَىِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وكَبَّروا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣١٣ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٨)، وابن حبان (٢٨٨٥) من طريق روح به.","vol":"6","page":466},{"text":"جَميعًا ورَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، والآخَرونَ قيامٌ يَحرُسونَهُم، فلَمّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قامَ إلَى الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ وسَجَدَ الآخَرونَ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ وتأَخَّرَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً أُخرَى، فرَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، والآخَرونَ قيامٌ يَحرُسونَهُم، فلَمّا فرَغوا سَجَدَ هَؤُلاءِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال أبو عَيّاشٍ: فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - هذه الصَّلاةَ مَرَّتَينِ؛ مَرَّةً بعُسفانَ ومَرَّةً في أرضِ بَنِى سُلَيمٍ (^١).\n\n٦٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، عن أبي سَعدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ قال: كان أُناسٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَربُطونَ مَساويكَهُم بذَوائبِ سُيوفِهِم، فإِذا حَضرَتِ الصَّلاةُ استاكوا ثُمَّ صَلَّوا، وكانَ أحَدُهُم إذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فكانَ يأخُذُ سَيفَه أو قَوسَه فيُصلِّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. أبو سَعدٍ البَقّالُ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٨٠)، وأبو داود (١٢٣٦)، والنسائي (١٥٤٨، ١٥٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢٨٧٦) من طريق منصور به، وسيأتي في (٦٠٩٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٩٦). أرض بنى سليم: مساحة واسعة، تشمل معظم حرة الحجاز من جنوبى المدينة إلى شمالى مكة، وهى الحرة التي كانت تسمى حرة بنى سليم، ثم تنساب ديارهم مشرقة حتى تصل إلى الدفينة وحرة كشب ومشارفها الشرقية وإلى قرب الربذة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٦.\n(^٢) هو سعيد بن المرزبان أبو سعد البقال الأعور مولى حذيفة بن اليمان. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥١٥، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٦٢، والثقات لابن حبان ١/ ٣٨١، والمجروحين لابن =","vol":"6","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1303>بابُ المَعذورِ يَضَعُ السِّلاحَ</span>\n\n٦٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى يَعلَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿إِنْ كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَوْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَنْ تَضَعُوا أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٢]. قال: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ - ﵁ -؛ كان جَريحًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1304>بابُ ما لا يُحمَلُ مِنَ السِّلاحِ لِنَجاسَتِه أو ثِقَلِهِ</span>\n\n٦٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عُقبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ السَّكونِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، عن سَلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ أنه سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الصَّلاةِ في القَوسِ فقالَ: \"صَلِّ في القَوسِ واطرَحِ القَرَنَ\" (^٣). موسَى بنُ محمدٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٤).\n_________\n= حبان ١/ ٣١٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٥٢، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٠٥: ضعيف مدلس.\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦٩) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٩٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦، وعنده: عبيد الله بن موسى. بدلًا من: عبد الله بن محمد. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٣١٤)، والطبراني (٦٢٧٧)، والدارقطني ١/ ٣٩٨ من طريق عقبة بن خالد به.\nوالقرن: جعبة من جلود تشق ويجعل فيها النشاب، وإنما أمره بنزعه، لأنه كان من جلد غير ذكى ولا مدبوغ. النهاية ٤/ ٥٥. وينظر المهذب ٣/ ١١٨٩.\n(^٤) موسى بن محمد إبراهيم بن الحارث القرشي التيمى أبو محمد المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: =","vol":"6","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1305>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ صَلاةِ شِدَّةِ الخَوفِ</span>\n\n٦٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ كَثيرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: إذا اختَلَطوا فإِنَّما هو التَّكبيرُ والإِشارَةُ بالرّأسِ (^١).\n\n٦٠٨٨ - قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِ قَولِ مُجاهِدٍ: إذا اختَلَطوا فإِنَّما هو التَّكبيرُ والإِشارَةُ بالرّأسِ. وزادَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِن كَثُروا فليُصَلّوا رُكبانًا أو قيامًا على أقدامِهِم\". يَعنِى صَلاةَ الخَوفِ.\n\n٦٠٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، نَحوًا مِن قَولِ مُجاهِدٍ: إذا اختَلَطوا فإِنَّما هو الذِّكرُ وإِشارَةٌ بالرّأسِ. وزادَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"وإِن كانوا أكثرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فليُصَلّوا قيامًا ورُكبانًا\" (^٢).\n_________\n= التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٩٥، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٥٩، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٤١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ١٣٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢١٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٨٧: منكر الحديث.\n(^١) الإسماعيلى - كما في فتح الباري لابن رجب ٨/ ٣٥٩، وتغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٧٠، ٣٧١.\n(^٢) الإسماعيلى - كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٧٠، وفتح الباري ٢/ ٤٣٢. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه - كما في فتح الباري لابن رجب ٨/ ٣٦٠ من طريق سعيد بن يحيى به.","vol":"6","page":469},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n٦٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا سُئلَ عن صَلاةِ الخَوفِ قال: يَتَقَدَّمُ الإمامُ وطائفَةٌ. ثُمَّ قَصَّ الحديثَ، وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ في الحديثِ: فإِن كان خَوفًا أشَدَّ مِن ذَلِك، صَلَّوا رِجالًا ورُكبانًا، مُستَقبِلِى القِبلَةِ وغَيرَ مُستَقبِليها. قال مالكٌ: قال نافِعٌ: لا أُرَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ إلَّا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٦٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ، عن أبيه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ قال: دَعانِى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّ ابنَ نُبَيحٍ الهُذَلِيَّ يَجمَعُ النّاسَ ليَغزوَنِى، وهو بنَخلَةَ أو بعُرَنَةَ (^٣) فأْتِه فاقتُلْه\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ انعَته لِى حَتَّى أعرِفَه. قال: \"آيَةُ ما بَينَكَ وبَينَه أنَّكَ إذا رأَيتَه\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩٤٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٢٥٩).\n(^٣) نخلة: موضع بين مكة والطائف. وعرنة: الوادى الذي لو وقع جدار مسجد نمرة القبلى وقع فيه، ويقال أيضًا: إن هذا الجدار وموضع صلاة الإمام في عرفة خارج عن حد عرفة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٥/ ٢٧٧، ٤/ ١١٥، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٠٦.","vol":"6","page":470},{"text":"وجَدتَ له قُشَعْرِيرَةً\". قال: فخَرَجتُ مُتَوَشِّحًا بسَيفِى حَتَّى دُفِعتُ إلَيه في ظُعُنٍ (^١) يَرتادُ بهِنَّ مَنزِلًا حَتَّى كان وقتُ العَصرِ، فلَمّا رأَيتُه وجَدتُ له ما وصَفَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - منَ القُشَعْريرَةِ فأَقبَلتُ نَحوَه، وخَشِيتُ أن يَكونَ بَينِى وبَينَه مُجاوَلَةٌ (^٢) تَشغَلُنِى عن الصَّلاةِ، فصَلَّيتُ وأَنا أمشِى نَحوَه أومِئُ برأسِى إيماءً، فلَمّا انتَهَيتُ إلَيه قال: مَنِ الرَّجُلُ؟ قُلتُ: رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ سَمِعَ بكَ وبِجَمعِكَ لِهَذا الرَّجُلِ فجاءَ لِذَلِكَ. قال: أجَل نَحنُ في ذَلِكَ. قال: فمَشَيتُ مَعَه شَيئًا حَتَّى إذا أمكَنَنِى حَمَلتُ عَلَيه بالسَّيفِ فقَتَلتُه، ثُمَّ خَرَجتُ وتَرَكتُ ظَعائنَه مُكِبّاتٍ عَلَيه، فلَمّا قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفلَحَ الوَجهُ\". قُلتُ: قَد قَتَلتُه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"صَدَقتَ\". ثُمَّ قامَ بى رسولُ اللَّهِ فدَخَلَ بى بَيتَه فأَعطانِى عَصًا فقالَ: \"أمسِكْ هذه عِندَكَ يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ\". فخَرَجتُ بها على النّاسِ فقالوا: ما هذه العَصا مَعَكَ يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ؟ قُلتُ: أعطانيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَمَرَنِى أن أُمسِكَها عِندِى. قالوا: أفَلا تَرجِعُ إلَيه فتَسأَلَه عن ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فرَجَعتُ إلَيه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لِمَ أعطَيتَنِى هَذِه العَصا؟ قال: \"آيَةٌ بَينِى وبَينَكَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، إنَّ أقَلَّ النّاسِ المُتَخَصِّرونَ (^٣) يَومَئذٍ\". قال: فقَرَنَها عبدُ اللَّهِ بسَيفِه، فلَم تَزَلْ مَعَه حَتَّى إذا ماتَ أُمِرَ بها فضُمَّت مَعَه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تعريف الظعن في (٢٢٨٣).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"مجادلة\"، وفي بعض نسخ مسند أحمد والدلائل للمصنف: \"محاولة\". والمثبت موافق لسيرة ابن هشام ونسخة من مسند أحمد ولما في المهذب ٣/ ١١٨٩.\n(^٣) المتخصرون: أراد أنهم يأتون ومعهم أعمال لهم صالحة يتكئون عليها. النهاية ٢/ ٣٦.","vol":"6","page":471},{"text":"في كَفَنِه فدُفِنا جَميعًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1306>بابُ العَدوِّ يَكونونَ وُجاهَ القِبلَةِ في صَحْراءَ لا يُواريهِم شَئٌ، في قِلَّةٍ مِنهُم وكَثرَةٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ</span>\n\n٦٠٩٢ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ الدَّبّاسُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي عَيّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعُسفانَ وعَلَى المُشرِكينَ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ فصَلَّينا الظُّهرَ فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: لَقَد أصَبنا غِرَّةً! لَقَد أصَبنا غَفلَةً! لَو كُنّا حَمَلنا عَلَيهِم وهُم في الصَّلاةِ؟ فنَزَلَت آيَةُ القَصرِ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ، فلَمّا حَضَرَتِ العَصرُ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ والمُشرِكونَ أمامَه، فصفَّ خَلفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفٌّ وصَفَّ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤٢، وابن إسحاق كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٦١٩، ٦٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٠٤٨)، وسقط من السيرة ذكر عبيد الله.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٣)، وابن حبان (٧١٦٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وأبو داود (١٢٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٢) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٧١).","vol":"6","page":472},{"text":"الصَّفِّ صَفٌّ آخَرُ، فرَكَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذينَ يَلونَه وقامَ الآخَرونَ يَحرُسونَهُم، فلَمّا صَلَّى هَؤُلاءِ السَّجدَتَينِ وقاموا سَجَدَ الآخَرونَ الَّذينَ كانوا خَلفَهُم، ثُمَّ تأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه إلَى مُقامِ الآخَرينَ، وتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الأخيرُ إلَى مُقامِ الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه وقامَ الآخَرونَ يَحرُسونَهُم، فلَمّا جَلَسَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه سَجَدَ الآخَرونَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسوا جَميعًا فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم جَميعًا. فصَلَّاها بعُسفانَ وصلَّاها يَومَ بَنِى سُلَيمٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ. وحَديثُ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى بمَعناه، وفيه مِنَ الزّيادَةِ: فأَخَذَ النّاسُ السِّلاحَ وصَفُّوا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَفَّينِ مُستَقبلِى القِبلَةِ، والمُشرِكونَ مُستَقبِلوهُم، فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكَبَّروا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ورَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه ورَفَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١)، وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nوقَد رَواه قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن جَريرٍ، فذَكَرَ فيه سَماعَ مُجاهِدٍ مِن أبى عَيّاشٍ زَيدِ بنِ الصّامِتِ الزُّرَقِيِّ (^٢)\nوقَد رَواه جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٧، ٣٣٨، وسعيد بن منصور في سننه (٦٨٦ - تفسير)، وعنه أبو داود (١٢٣٦). وأخرجه الطبراني (٥١٤٠) عن محمد بن على الصائغ به. وتقدم في (٦٠٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٥١٣٥) من طريق داود بن عيسى عن منصور به، بذكر سماع مجاهد من أبي عياش.","vol":"6","page":473},{"text":"٦٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ التَّميمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: شَهِدتُ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ فصَفَفنا خَلفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفَّينِ، وكانَ العَدوُّ بَينَنا وبَينَ القِبلَةِ، فكَبَّرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وكَبَّرنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ورَكَعنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ورَفَعنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ انحَدَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالسُّجودِ والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، وقامَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ في نَحرِ العَدوِّ، فلَمّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - السُّجودَ والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه وقاموا، انحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ بالسُّجودِ، فلَمّا قَضَوا سُجودَهُم وقاموا تَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ، وتأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ المُقَدَّمُ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ورَكَعنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ورَفَعنا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ انحَدَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالسُّجودِ والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه المُقَدَّمُ الَّذِى كان مُؤَخَّرًا في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى، فلَمّا قَضى السُّجودَ والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه انحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ بالسُّجودِ فسَجَدوا. ثم قال جابِرٌ: كما يَصنَعُ حَرَسُكُم هَؤُلاءِ بأُمَرائهِم (^١).\n\n٦٠٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، وزادَ في آخِرِه: ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وسَلَّمْنا جَميعًا. قال جابِرٌ: كما يَفعَلُ حَرَسِيُّكُم هَذا بأُمَرائهِم. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٣٦) من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"6","page":474},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^١).\n\n٦٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى (^٢) بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَومًا مِن جُهَينَةَ، فقاتَلوا قِتالًا شَديدًا، فلَمّا صَلَّينا الظُّهرَ قال المُشرِكونَ: لَو مِلْنا عَلَيهِم مَيلَةً لاقتَطَعناهُم؟ فأَخبَرَ جِبريلُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: وقالوا: إنَّه سَتأتيهِم صَلاةٌ هِىَ أحَبُّ إلَيهِم مِنَ الأولادِ. يَعنِى. فلَمّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ صَفَّنا صَفَّينِ، والمُشرِكونَ بَينَنا وبَينَ القِبلَةِ. قال: فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكَبَّرنا، ورَكَعَ ورَكَعْنا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وسَجَدَ مَعَه الصَّفُّ الأوَّلُ، فلَمّا قاموا سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثّانِى، ثُمَّ تأخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الأوَّلُ وتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الثّانِى فقاموا مَقامَ الأوَّلِ، فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكَبَّرنا، ورَكَعَ ورَكَعْنا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وسَجَدَ مَعَه الصَّفُّ الأوَّلُ وقامَ الثّانِى، فلَمّا سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثّانِى ثُمَّ جَلَسوا جَميعًا سَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ: ثُمَّ خَصَّ جابِرٌ أن قال: كما يُصَلِّى أُمَراؤُكُم هَؤُلاءِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤). واستَشهَدَ البخاريُّ برِوايَةِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٤٠/ ٣٠٧)، وتقدم في (٥٦٩٧).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٩١). وأخرجه النسائي (١٥٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٠) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٤٠/ ٣٠٨).","vol":"6","page":475},{"text":"في ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٦٠٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيدِىُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: قامَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقامَ النّاسُ مَعَه، فكَبَّرَ وكَبَّروا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ورَكَعَ مَعَه ناسٌ مِنهُم، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وسَجَدوا، ثُمَّ قامَ إلَى الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ فتأَخَّرَ الَّذينَ سَجَدوا مَعَه وحَرَسوا إخوانَهُم، وأَتَتِ الطّائفَةُ الأُخرَى فرَكَعوا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وسَجَدوا، والنّاسُ كُلُّهُم في صَلاةٍ يُكَبِّرونَ ولَكِن يَحرُسُ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا (^٢).\n\n٦٠٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَيوَةَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ (^٤).\nويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بهَذا ما رُوّينا عن غَيرِه في هَذا البابِ، ويَحْتَمِلُ غَيرَه.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤١٣٠) تعليقًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٣٣) من طريق محمد بن حرب به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٥٨.\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٤٤).","vol":"6","page":476},{"text":"وقَد رَواه النُّعمانُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مُبَيَّنًا:\n\n٦٠٩٨ - أخبَرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى ابنُ أخِى حَزمٍ القُطَعىِّ والجَرّاحُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى الباهِلِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُمِرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بصَلاةِ الخَوفِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقُمْنا خَلفَه صَفَّينِ، فكَبَّرَ ورَكَعَ ورَكَعنا جَميعًا الصَّفّانِ كِلاهُما، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه، ثُمَّ خَرَّ ساجِدًا وسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه وثَبَتَ الآخَرونَ قيامًا يَحرُسونَ إخوانَهُم، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن سُجودِه وقامَ، خَرَّ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ سُجودًا فسَجَدوا سَجدَتَينِ ثمَّ قاموا، فتأخَّرَ الصَّفُّ المُقَدَّمُ الَّذِى يَليه وتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ فرَكَعَ ورَكَعوا جَميعًا، وسَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والصَّفُّ الَّذِى يَليه، وثَبَتَ الآخَرونَ قيامًا يَحرُسونَ إخوانَهُم، فلَمّا قَعَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَّ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ سُجودًا فسَجَدوا، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه داودُ بنُ الحُصَينِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٦٠٩٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٥٨، ٥٩. وينظر فتح الباري لابن رجب ٨/ ٣٦٣، ٣٦٤.","vol":"6","page":477},{"text":"أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى داودُ بنُ الحُصَينِ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما كانَت صَلاةُ الخَوفِ إلَّا كَصَلاةِ أحراسِكُم هَؤُلاءِ اليَومَ خَلفَ أئمَّتِكُم، إلَّا أنَّها كانَت، أظُنُّه قال: عُقَبًا؛ قامَت طائفَةٌ وهُم جَميعٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وسَجَدَت مَعَه طائفَةٌ، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وسَجَدَ الَّذينَ كانوا قيامًا لأنفُسِهِم، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقاموا مَعَه جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ورَكَعوا مَعَه جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فسَجَدوا مَعَه الَّذينَ كانوا قيامًا أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، وقامَ الآخَرونَ الَّذينَ كانوا سَجَدوا مَعَه أوَّل مَرَّةٍ، فلَمّا جَلَسَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والَّذينَ سَجَدوا مَعَه في آخِرِ صَلاتِهِم، سَجَدَ الَّذينَ كانوا قيامًا لأنفُسِهِم ثُمَّ جَلَسوا، فجَمَعَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالسَّلامِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1307>بابُ الإمامِ يُصَلِّى بكُلِّ طائفَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ ويُسَلِّمُ</span>\n\n٦١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبانٌ العَطّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: أقبَلنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بذاتِ الرِّقاعِ، كُنّا إذا أتَينا شَجَرَةً ظَليلَةً تَرَكناها لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -. قال: فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ وسَيفُ نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُعَلَّقٌ بشَجَرَةٍ، فأَخَذَ سَيفَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاختَرَطَه، فقالَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: تَخافُنِى؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فمَن يَمنَعُكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٢)، والنسائي (١٥٣٤) من طريق يعقوب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٤٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":478},{"text":"مِنِّى؟ قال: \"اللَّهُ يَمنَعُنِى مِنكَ\". قال: فتَهَدَّدَه أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فغَمَدَ السَّيفَ وعَلَّقَه. قال: فنودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ. قال: فصَلَّى بطائفَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ تأَخَّروا فصَلَّى بالطّائفَةِ الأُخرَى رَكعَتَينِ. قال: فكانَت لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ ولِلقَومِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ سَلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ قَيسٍ اليَشكُرِىُّ عن جابِرٍ وقالَ: حارَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُحارِبَ خَصفَةَ (^٣)، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه وأَتَمَّ مِنه (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n٦١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حَدَّثَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بأَصحابِه، فصَلَّت طائفَةٌ مِنهُم مَعَه، وطائفَةٌ وُجوهُهُم قِبَلَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قاموا، وجاءَ الآخَرونَ فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ وسَلَّمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٨٨٤) من طريق عفان به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٤٣/ ٣١١، ٣١٢).\n(^٣) محارب خصفة: قبيلة. التاج ٢/ ٢٥٩ (ح ر ب).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة ص ٢٤٧ من طريق سليمان بن قيس به.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٥٣) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٣) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"6","page":479},{"text":"وقيلَ فيه عن يونُسَ: ببَطنِ نَخلٍ (^١).\n\n٦١٠٢ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صلَّى بأَصحابِه بطائفَةٍ مِنهُم رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بالآخَرينَ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رَوَياه عن الحَسَنِ عن جابِرٍ، وخالَفَهُما أشعَثُ فرَواه عن الحَسَنِ عن أبي بكرَةَ، ووافَقَه على ذَلِكَ أبو حُرَّةَ الرَّقاشِيُّ (^٣).\n\n٦١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى ببَعضِهِم رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، فتأَخَّروا وجاءَ الآخَرونَ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، فكانَت لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ ولِلمُسلِمينَ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعي ١/ ٢١٦ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١٧٣).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٦٩٣) عن أبي حرة الرقاشى.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٩٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٦١ من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. وتقدم في (٥١٧٤).","vol":"6","page":480},{"text":"٦١٠٤ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن الأشعَثِ وقالَ: في الظُّهرِ. وزادَ: قال: وبِذَلِكَ كان يُفتِى الحَسَنُ، وكَذَلِكَ في المَغرِبِ يَكونُ لِلإِمامِ سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ ولِلقَومِ ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا الأشعَثُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه واللَّفظُ مُختَلِفٌ، وذَكَرَ هذه الزّيادَةَ (^١). وقَولُه: وكَذَلِكَ في المَغرِبِ. وجَدتُه في كِتابِى مَوصولًا بالحَديثِ وكأَنَّه مِن قَولِ الأشعَثِ، وهو في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ: قال أبو داودَ: وكَذَلِكَ في المَغرِبِ.\nوقَد رَواه بَعضُ النّاسِ عن أشعَثَ في المَغرِبِ مَرفوعًا، ولا أظُنُّه إلَّا واهِمًا في ذَلِكَ:\n\n٦١٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرِ بنِ رِبعِىٍّ القَيسِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خَليفَةَ البَكراوِىُّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الحُمرانِيُّ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بالقَومِ في الخَوفِ صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ وجاءَ الآخَرونَ فصَلَّى بهِم ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٢٤٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١١٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٦١ من طريق محمد بن معمر به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٧٥: وأعله ابن القطان بأن أبا بكرة أسلم بعد وقوع صلاة الخوف بمدة وهذه ليست بعلة فإنه يكون مرسل صحابى.","vol":"6","page":481},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1308>بابُ مَن قال: يُصَلِّى بكُلِّ طائفَةٍ رَكعَةً ثُمَّ يَقضونَ الرَّكعَةَ الأُخرَى بَعدَ سَلامِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n٦١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةً قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فوافَينا العَدوَّ فصافَفناهُم، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى لَنا فقامَت طائفَةٌ مِنّا مَعَه، وأَقبَلَت طائفَةٌ على العَدوِّ، فرَكَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَن مَعَه رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفوا فكانوا مَكانَ الطّائفَةِ التي لَم تُصَلِّ، وجاءَتِ الطّائفَةُ التي لَم تُصَلِّ فرَكَعَ بهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقامَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فرَكَعَ لِنَفسِه رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٦١٠٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى العَلَّافُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٧٨) عن أبي اليمان به. والنسائي (١٥٣٨) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٤٢، ٤١٣٢).","vol":"6","page":482},{"text":"يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى صَلاةَ الخَوفِ بإِحدَى الطّائفَتَينِ رَكعَةً، والطّائفَةُ الأُخرَى مُواجِهَةُ العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفوا فقاموا في مَقامِ أولَئكَ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ قامَ هَؤُلاءِ فقَضَوا رَكعَتَهُم، وقامَ هَؤُلاءِ فقَضَوا رَكعَتَهُم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٦١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ، فقامَت طائفَةٌ مَعَه، وطائفَةٌ مِنهُم فيما بَينَهُم وبَينَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ، وجاءَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ قَضَتِ الطّائفَتانِ رَكعَةً رَكعَةً (^٣).\n\n٦١٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٤)، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ غَنّامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٢٤١)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٨٧٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٢٤٣)، والترمذي (٥٦٤)، والنسائي (١٥٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٥٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٣٣)، ومسلم (٨٣٩/ ٣٠٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٤١٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣١٢، والدارقطني ٢/ ٥٩ من طريق قبيصة به، وعند أبي عوانة قول ابن عمر الآتى.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"6","page":483},{"text":"حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وزادَ فيه: قال: وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: فإِذا كان خَوفٌ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ يُصلِّى راكِبًا أو قائمًا يُومِئُ إيماءً (^٢).\n\n٦١١٠ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وبِزِيادَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1309>بابُ مَن قال في هَذا: كَبَّرَ بالطّائفَتَينِ جَميعًا ثُمَّ قَضَى كُلُّ طائفَةٍ رَكعَتَها الباقيَةَ مُناوَبَةً</span>\n\n٦١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ الله - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ فصَفَّنا صَفَّينِ؛ صَفُّ خَلفَه وصَفٌّ مواجِهُ العَدوِّ، فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالصَّفَّينِ خَلفَه، فصَلَّى بالَّذينَ خَلفَه رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفوا إلَى مَقامِ إخوانِهِم، وأَقبَلَ الآخَرونَ يَتَخَلَّلونَهُم، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٨٣٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٣١)، والنسائي (١٥٤١) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٩/ ٣٠٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٣٧).","vol":"6","page":484},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وصَلَّوُا الَّذينَ خَلفَه لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفوا إلَى مَصافِّهِم، وأَقبَلَ الآخَرونَ فصَلَّوْا لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ. قال خُصَيفٌ: ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - بَينَ العَدوِّ وبَينَ القِبلَةِ (^١).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن خُصَيفٍ وقالَ في الحديثِ: صَفٌّ خَلفَه وصَفٌّ موازِى العَدوِّ، وكُلٌّ في صَلاةٍ (^٢).\nورَواه شَريكٌ عن خُصَيفٍ وقالَ في الحديثِ: فكَبَّرَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَبَّرَ الصَّفّانِ جَميعًا (^٣). وهَذا الحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ؛ أبو عُبَيدَةَ لَم يُدرِكْ أباه، وخُصَيفٌ الجَزَرِىُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٦١١٢ - قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ: وصَلَّى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَمُرَةَ هَكَذا، إلَّا أنَّ الطّائفَةَ التي صَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ مَضَوْا إلَى مَقامِ أصحابِهِم، وجاءَ هَؤُلاءِ فصَلَّوْا لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ رَجَعوا إلَى مَقامِ أولَئكَ فصَلَّوْا لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً. حدثنا بذَلِكَ مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، أنَّهُم غَزَوْا مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ كابُلَ، فصلَّى بنا صَلاةَ الخَوفِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٦١)، وأبو داود (١٢٤٤) من طريق خصيف به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣١١ من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وذكره أبو داود عقب (١٢٤٥) عن الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٤٥) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٥٣٦).","vol":"6","page":485},{"text":"داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1310>بابُ مَن قال: صَلَّى بكُلِّ طائفَةٍ رَكعَةً ولَم يَقضُوا</span>\n\n٦١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، أخبرَنِى الأشعَثُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُلَيمٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ زَهدَمٍ الحَنظَلِيِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ حُذَيفَةَ بطَبَرِستانَ فقالَ سعيدُ بنُ العاصِ: أيُّكُم شَهِدَ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: أنا. فقامَ صَفٌّ خَلفَه وصَفٌّ موازِى العَدوِّ فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّهِم، وجاءَ أولَئكَ، فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n٦١١٤ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقامَ حُذَيفَةُ وصَفَّ النّاسُ خَلفَه صَفَّينِ؛ صَفًّا خَلفَه وصَفًّا موازِىَ العَدوِّ وصَلَّى بالَّذينَ خَلفَه رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَكانِ هَؤُلاءِ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً ولَم يَقضُوا. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١٢٤٥). وتقدم في (٦٠٧٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٦٨)، والنسائي (١٥٢٨) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٣٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٣٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٢٤٦)، والنسائي (١٥٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٤٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به.","vol":"6","page":486},{"text":"كَذا رَواه ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ زَهدَمٍ مِن هَذا الوَجهِ عَنه.\nوقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ أبي إسحاقَ عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عبدٍ السَّلولِىِّ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ بطَبَرِستانَ فقالَ لَهُم سعيدٌ: أيُّكُم شَهِدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ؟ فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: أنا. فذَكَرَ صَلاةً مِثلَ صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بعُسفانَ (^١). فقَولُ الرّاوِى في رِوايَةِ ثَعلَبَةَ: صَفٌّ موازِى العَدوِّ. يُريدُ به حالَ السُّجودِ. وقَولُه: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَكانِ هَؤُلاءِ وجاءَ أولَئكَ. يُريدُ به: تَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ المُؤَخَّرُ وتأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ المُقَدَّمُ بَعدَ الفَراغِ مِنَ الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، وفِي ذَلِكَ قَضاءُ الرَّكعَتَينِ مَعَ الإمامِ، فلا يَحتاجونَ إلَى قَضاءِ شَئٍ بَعدَه، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في رِوايَةِ سُلَيمِ بنِ عبدٍ عن حُذَيفَةَ، وتِلكَ القِصَّةُ وهَذِه واحِدَةٌ، فوَجَبَ حَملُ إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ على الأُخرَى، مَعَ ما فيه مِن الاتِّفاقِ لِسائرِ الرِّواياتِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٦١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي جَهمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ بذِى قَرَدٍ (^٢)، فصَفَّ خَلفَه صَفٌّ، وصَفٌّ موازِى العَدوِّ، فصلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ أولَئكَ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ فصَلَّوْا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٠٧٢).\n(^٢) قرد: جبل أسود، شمال شرقى المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٥١.","vol":"6","page":487},{"text":"عَلَيهِم. قال سفيانُ: فكانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ ولِكُلِّ طائفَةٍ رَكعَةً (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَد رُوِىَ حَديثٌ لا يُثبِتُ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ مِثلَه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى بذِى قَرَدٍ بطائفَةٍ رَكعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّموا، وبِطائفَةٍ رَكعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّموا، فكانَت لِلإِمامِ رَكعَتَينِ ولِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ (^٢) رَكعَةً. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وإِنَّما تَرَكناه لأنَّ جميعَ الأحاديثِ في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ مُجتَمِعَةٌ على أنَّ على المأمومينَ مِن عَدَدِ الصَّلاةِ ما على الإمامِ، وكَذَلِكَ أصلُ الفَرضِ في الصَّلاةِ على النّاسِ واحِدٌ في العَدَدِ، ولأنَّه لا يَثبُتُ عِندَنا مِثلُه؛ لِشَئٍ في بَعضِ إسنادِهِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا حَديثٌ لَم يُخَرِّجْه البخاريُّ ولا مسلمٌ في كِتابَيهِما، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي الجَهمِ يَتَفَرَّدُ بذَلِكَ هَكَذا عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مِثلَ صَلاتِه بعُسفانَ؛ وأنَّ قَولَه: ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ أولَئكَ وجاءَ أولَئكَ. أرادَ به في تَقَدُّمِ الصَّفِّ المُؤَخَّرِ وتأَخُّرِ الصَّفِّ المُقَدَّمِ. وقَد رَوَى الزُّهرِيُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ مَعَ اختِلافٍ فيه على الزُّهرِيِّ وقتَ حِراسَةِ أحَدِ الصَّفَّينِ. ورَواه عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٣)، والنسائي (١٥٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢٨٧١) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٤٢).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"طائفة\".\n(^٣) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٨٦، ١٨٧.","vol":"6","page":488},{"text":"عباسٍ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُ هذه الرِّواياتِ (^١)، وفِي ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على صِحَّةِ هَذا التّأويلِ.\nوعَلَى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ يُحمَلُ أيضًا ما:\n\n٦١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الرُّكَينِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ حَسّانَ قال: أتَيتُ فُلانَ بنَ وديعَةَ فسأَلتُه عن صَلاةِ الخَوفِ فقالَ: ائتِ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ فاسأَلْه. فأَتَيتُ زَيدًا فسأَلتُه فقالَ: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ؛ فصَفَّ صَفًّا خَلفَه، وصَفًّا موازِىَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ، وجاءَ هَؤُلاءِ إلَى مَصافِّ هَؤُلاءِ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ (^٢).\n\n٦١١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الخَوفَ، فأَمَرَ بطائفَةٍ تَقومُ في وجهِ العَدوِّ، وقامَ فصلَّى بطائفَةٍ رَكعَةً، فلَمّا سَجَدَ (^٣) انطَلَقَ الَّذينَ صَلَّوْا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقاموا مَقامَ أولَئكَ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ فقاموا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى بهِم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجها في (٦٠٩٦ - ٦٠٩٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (١٣٧) عن قبيصة بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"سجدوا صلى بهم\".","vol":"6","page":489},{"text":"رَكعَةً، فلَمّا سَجَدوا جَلَسَ فسَلَّمَ بهِم، فكانَت لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ ولِلَّذينَ خَلفَه رَكعَةً، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ بالَّذينَ خَلفَه سَلَّمَ الآخَرونَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ ما احتَمَلَ حَديثُ حُذَيفَةَ وابنِ عباسٍ وزيدٍ، وفِي قَولِه: فكانَت لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ ولِلَّذينَ خَلفَه رَكعَةً. يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مِن جِهَةِ بَعضِ الرّواةِ قَبلَ جابِرٍ؛ فقَد رُوّينا عن عَطاءٍ وأَبِى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^٢) ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ، وقَد قال بَعضُهُم في حَديثِ يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ: إنَّهُم قَضَوْا رَكعَةً أُخرَى. هكذا قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابِرٍ وقالَ: فصَفَفنا صَفَّينِ. فذَكَرَه بلَفظٍ مُحتَمِلٍ لِلتّأويلِ الَّذِى ذَكَرناه (^٤)، إلَّا أنَّ المسعودِيَّ قَد رَواه مَرَّةً بالزّيادَةِ فتوًى مِن جِهَةِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ يَمنَعُ هَذا التّأويلَ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n٦١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ صُهَيبٍ الفَقيرِ قال: سأَلتُ جابِرًا عن الرَّكعَتَينِ في السَّفَرِ أقَصْرٌ هُما؟ قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦٤) من طريق المسعودى به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٥٥).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٠٩٣ - ٦٠٩٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (١٢٤٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٨٠)، والنسائي (١٥٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٤٧، ١٣٤٨)، وابن حبان (٢٨٦٩) من طريق الحكم به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٤٥٤).","vol":"6","page":490},{"text":"جابِرٌ: إنَّ الرَّكعَتَينِ في السَّفَرِ لَيسَتا بقَصرٍ إنَّما القَصرُ رَكعَةٌ عِندَ القِتالِ. ثُمَّ أنشأَ يُحَدِّثُ أنه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ القِتالِ وحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَفَّ طائفَةً خَلفَه، وقامَت طائفَةٌ وُجوهُها قِبَلَ وُجوهِ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً وسَجَدَ بهِم سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ إنَّ الَّذينَ صَلَّوْا خَلفَه انطَلَقوا فقاموا مَقامَ أولَئكَ، وجاءَ أولَئكَ فصلَّوْا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَةً وسَجَدَ بهِم سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَلَسَ فسَلَّمَ وسَلَّمَ الَّذينَ خَلفَه وسَلَّموا أولَئكَ، فكانَت لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ ولِلقَومِ رَكعَةً رَكعَةً. ثُمَّ قرأَ يَزيدُ: ﴿وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ﴾ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن جابِرٍ إن كان لا يَحتَمِلُ ما ذَكَرناه مِنَ التّأويلِ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ خَبَرًا عن صَلاتِه في الغَزاةِ التي وصَفَ هو وغَيرُه صَلاتَه فيها، وأَنَّهُم قَضَوْا رَكعَتَهُمُ الباقيَةَ، ويَكون في حُكمِ شَئٍ أثبَتَه بَعضُ الرّواةِ دونَ بَعضٍ فيُؤخَذَ بقَولِ المُثبِتِ، والأصلُ وُجوبُ العَدَدِ حَتَّى يَثبُتَ جَوازُ النُّقصانِ عنه بما لا يَحتَمِلُ التّأويلَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ (^٢)، عن سِماكٍ الحَنَفِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه صَلَّى بهَؤُلاءِ رَكعَةً وبِهَؤُلاءِ رَكعَةً في صَلاةِ الخَوفِ (^٣). كَذا أتَى به سِماكٌ مُختَصَرًا.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٨٩٨)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣١٠.\n(^٢) ليس في ص ٣. وفي س، م: \"مسعود\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٤٦١.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٤٩) من طريق سماك الحنفى به.","vol":"6","page":491},{"text":"وقَد رُوّيناه عن سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ كُلَّ واحِدَةٍ مِنَ الطّائفَتَينِ قَضوا رَكعَتَهُم (^١). والحُكمُ للإثباتِ في مِثلِ هَذا، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٦١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ عائذٍ الطّائىّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ اللهَ فرَضَ الصَّلاةَ على لِسانِ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - أربَعًا في الحَضَرِ، وفِي السَّفَرِ رَكعَتَينِ، وفِي الخَوفِ رَكعَةً (^٣).\n\n٦١٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عثمانُ وأبو بكرٍ ابنا أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مالكٍ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ عائذٍ الطّائيُّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به رَكعَةً مَعَ الإمامِ ويَنفَرِدَ بأُخرَى (^٦) على قَولِ مَن يَرَى فرضَ الصَّلاةِ في الجَماعَةِ على الأعيانِ، وفِي كَيفيَّةِ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ في الأحاديثِ الثّابِتَةِ مَعَ اختِلافِ وُجوهِها والاتِّفاقِ في عَدَدِها دَليلٌ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦١٠٦ - ٦١١٠).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"أنبأ أبو حامد الفقيه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٤٠) من طريق أيوب بن عائذ به، وتقدم في (٥٤٤٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٧)، والنسائي (١٤٤١) من طريق القاسم بن مالك به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٦٨٧/ ٦).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"بركعة أخرى\".","vol":"6","page":492},{"text":"على صِحَّةِ هَذا التّأويلِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، وذَهَبَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ﵀ وجَماعَةٌ مِن أصحابِ الحديثِ إلَى أنَّ كُلَّ حَديثٍ ورَدَ في أبوابِ صَلاةِ الخَوفِ فالعَمَلُ به جائزٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1311>بابُ مَن قال: قَضَتِ الطّائفَةُ الثّانيَةُ الرَّكعَةَ الأُولَى عِندَ مَجيئِها ثُمَّ صَلَّتِ الأُخرَى مَع الإمامِ ثُمَّ قَضَتِ الطّائفَةُ الأولَى الرَّكعَةَ الثّانيَةَ ثُمَّ كان السَّلامُ</span>\n\n٦١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الأسوَدِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، أنَّه سأَلَ أبا هريرةَ: هَل صَلَّيتَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الخَوفِ؟ قال أبو هريرةَ: نَعَم. قال مَرْوانُ: مَتَى؟ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: عامَ غَزوَةِ نَجدٍ، قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الصَّلاةِ صَلاةِ العَصرِ فقامَت مَعَه طائفَةٌ، وطائفَةٌ أُخرَى مُقابِلَ العَدوِّ وظُهورُهُم إلَى القِبلَةِ، فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَبَّروا جَميعًا، الَّذينَ مَعَه والَّذينَ مُقابِلَ العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً واحِدَةً ورَكَعَتِ الطّائفَةُ التي مَعَه، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فسَجَدَتِ الطّائفَةُ التي تَليه، والآخَرونَ قيامٌ مُقابِلَ العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقامَتِ الطّائفَةُ التي مَعَه فذَهَبوا إلَى العَدوِّ فقابَلوهُم، وأَقبَلَتِ الطّائفَةُ مُقابِلَ العَدوِّ فرَكَعوا وسَجَدوا، ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - قائمٌ كما هو، ثُمَّ قاموا فرَكَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً أُخرَى ورَكَعوا مَعَه، وسَجَدَ وسَجَدوا مَعَه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَتِ الطّائفَةُ التي كانَت مُقابِلَ العَدوِّ فرَكَعوا","vol":"6","page":493},{"text":"وسَجَدوا، ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - قاعِدٌ ومَن مَعَه، ثُمَّ كان السَّلامُ، فسَلَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وسَلَّموا جَميعًا، فكانَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ ولِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الطّائفَتَينِ [رَكعَةً رَكعَةً (^٢). كَذا قالَ، والصَّوابُ: لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنَ الطّائفَتَينِ] (^١) رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ.\n\n٦١٢٣ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣).\nوهَذا بَيِّنٌ في تَفسيرِ الحديثِ، ولَعَلَّه أرادَ رَكعَةً رَكعَةً مَعَ الإمامِ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عُروةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٦١٢٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالنّاسِ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ، فصَدَعَ النّاسَ صِدْعَينِ (^٤)، فقامَت طائفَةٌ خَلفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وطائفَةٌ تُجاهَ العَدوِّ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَن خَلفَه رَكعَةً وسَجَدَ بهِم سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل. وكتب في الحاشية: \"ركعة ركعة. كذا في الأصل، وما في هذه فهو الصواب\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٨، ٣٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٦٠)، وأبو داود (١٢٤٠) باللفظ السابق، والنسائي (١٥٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٦١) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وعند النسائي: حيوة وذكر آخر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٠٥).\n(^٤) أي: نصفين. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٦.","vol":"6","page":494},{"text":"وقاموا مَعَه، فلَمّا استَوَى قائمًا رَجَعَ الَّذينَ خَلفَه وراءَهُمُ القَهقَرَى فقاموا وراءَ الَّذينَ بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ، وجاءَ الآخَرونَ فقاموا خَلفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فصَلَّوْا لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً ورسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - قائمٌ، ثُمَّ قاموا فصلَّى بهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُخرى، فكانَت لَهُم ولِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ جاءَ الَّذينَ بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ فصَلَّوْا لأنفُسِهِم رَكعَةً وسَجدَتَينِ ثُمَّ جَلَسوا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمَ بهِم جَميعًا (^١). كَذا رَواه يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ.\nورَواه سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ. وعن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، مَعَ اختِلافٍ في لَفظِ حَديثِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - لَيسَ ذَلِكَ في لَفظِ حَديثِ أبي هُرَيرَةَ.\nأمّا رِوايَتُه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فذَكَرَه أبو الأزهَرِ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\nوأَمّا رِوايَتُه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣١٤، ٣١٥ من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٥٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٢٤١) من طريق سلمة بن الفضل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١١٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٦٢)، وابن حبان (٢٨٧٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.","vol":"6","page":495},{"text":"٦١٢٥ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^١)، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالنّاسِ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ بذاتِ الرِّقاعِ فصَدَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ صِدْعَينِ، فصَفَّت طائفَةٌ وراءَه، وقامَت طائفَةٌ وُجاهَ العَدوِّ. قالَت: فكَبَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكَبَّرَتِ الطّائفَةُ الذينَ صَفّوا (^٢) خَلفَه، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فرَكَعوا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فسَجَدوا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأسَه فرَفَعوا مَعَه، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جالِسًا وسَجَدوا لأنفُسِهِمُ السَّجدَةَ الثّانيَةَ، ثُمَّ قاموا (^٣) فنَكَصوا على أعقابِهِم يَمشُونَ القَهقَرَى حَتَّى قاموا مِن ورائهِم، وأَقبَلَتِ الطّائفَةُ الأُخرَى فصَفُّوا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَبَّروا، ثُمَّ رَكَعوا لأنفُسِهِم، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَجدَتَه الثّانيَةَ فسَجَدوا مَعَه، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَكعَتِه الثّانيَةِ وسَجَدوا هُم لأنفُسِهِمُ السَّجدَةَ الثّانيَةَ، ثُمَّ قامَتِ الطّائفَتانِ جَميعًا فصَفُّوا خَلفَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فرَكَعَ بهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكعَةً فرَكَعوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فسَجَدوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"البزار\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٣: \"صلوا\".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"قام\".","vol":"6","page":496},{"text":"فرَفَعوا مَعَه، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ من رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَريعًا جِدًّا لا يألو أن يُخَفِّفَ ما استَطاعَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَّموا، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد شَرَكَه النّاسُ في صَلاتِه كُلِّها (^١). حَديثُهُما سَواءٌ في المَعنَى وقَد [يزيدُ أحدُهما على الآخرِ] (^٢) الكَلِمَةَ أو نَحوَها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1312>بابُ مَن له أن يُصَلِّىَ صَلاةَ الخَوفِ</span>\n\n٦١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ، أنَّ ثابِتًا مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه، أنه لما كان بَينَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو وعَنبَسَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ ما كان تَيَسَّروا لِلقِتالِ (^٣)، فرَكِبَ خالِدُ بنُ العاصِ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو فوَعَظَه، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو: أما عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ\"؟ (^٤) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ (^٥) بكرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٦٣)، وابن حبان (٢٨٧٣) من طريق أبي الأزهر به. وأحمد (٢٦٣٥٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٤٢) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"تزيد إحداهما على الأخرى\".\n(^٣) تيسروا للقتال. تأهبوا وتهيئوا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٢/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٢٢) عن محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٥) بعده في س: \"أبى\".\n(^٦) مسلم عقب (١٤١).","vol":"6","page":497},{"text":"٦١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاء رجلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أرأَيتَ إن جاءَ رَجُلٌ يُريدُ أخذَ مالِى؟ قال: \"فلا تُعطِه مالَكَ\". قال: أرأَيتَ إن قاتَلَنِى؟ قال: \"قاتِلْه\". قال: أرأيتَ إن قَتَلَنِى؟ قال \"فأَنتَ شَهيدٌ\". قال: أرأيتَ إن قَتَلتُهُ؟ قال: \"فهو في النّارِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٣).\n\n٦١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^٥).\n\n٦١٢٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عمرو\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٢٦) من طريق العلاء به، وسيأتي في (١٧٦٩٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"البزار\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٨)، والنسائي (٤١٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٨٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٠٩٣).","vol":"6","page":498},{"text":"عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ أهلِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ دَمِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^١).\n\n٦١٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي. فذَكَره بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ومَن أُصيبَ دونَ دينِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^٢). ولَم يَذكُرِ الدَّمَ، وقَد ذَكَرَهُما جَميعًا بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن أبي داودَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1313>بابُ ما لَيسَ له لُبسُه وافتراشُه</span>\n\n٦١٣١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا حَربٌ يَعنِى ابنَ شَدّادٍ، عن يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ حِطّانَ، أنَّه سأَلَ ابنَ عباسٍ عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ، فقالَ: سَلْ عنه عائشةَ - ﵂ -. فسأَلتُ عائشةَ فقالَت: سَلِ ابنَ عُمَرَ. فسأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو حَفصٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَبِسَ الحَريرَ في الدُّنيا فلا خَلاقَ له في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ (^٤).\n\n٦١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٣٠)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٧٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٢)، والترمذي (١٤٢١)، والنسائي (٤١٠٥، ٤١٠٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٢) أخرجه القضاعى في مسند الشهاب (٣٤٣) من طريق عباس بن الفضل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٥٣٢١) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به. وأحمد (٣٢١) من طريق حرب بن سداد به.\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٥٨٣٥).","vol":"6","page":499},{"text":"يَعقوبَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى شَدّادٌ أبو عَمّارٍ، حدثنا أبو أُمامَةَ أنه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَلبَسُ الحَريرَ في الدُّنيا إلَّا مَن لا خَلاقَ له في الآخِرَةِ\" (^١) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ الرّازِيِّ عن شُعَيب بنِ إسحاقَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ هو ابنُ زَكَريّا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الجَرَوِىُّ والجُرجانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي نَجيحٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: استَسقَى حُذَيفَةُ فأَتاه دِهقانٌ بإِناءٍ فِضَّةٍ فأَخَذَه فرَماه به وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهانا أن نَشرَبَ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ، وأَن نأكُلَ فيها، وعن لُبسِ الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ، وأَن نَجلِسَ عَلَيهِ، وقالَ: \"هو لَهُم في الدُّنيا ولَكُم في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٦١٣٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا القاسِمُ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى الفَضلُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ مِثلَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٥٠٠)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ١٣ من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٧٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٧١٢)، والشعب (٦٣٨٠). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣، ٤٢٦٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٣٦٥)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٩٣ من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به.","vol":"6","page":500},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^١).\n\n٦١٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بسَبعٍ، ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، وإِفشاءِ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإِبرارِ القَسَمِ، ونَهانا عن الشُّربِ في الفِضَّةِ؛ فإِنَّه مَن يَشرَبُ فيها في الدُّنيا لا يَشرَبُ فيها في الآخِرَةِ، وعَنِ التَّخَتُّمِ بالذَّهَب، ورُكوبِ المَياثِرِ، ولِباسِ القَسِّىِّ والحَريرِ والدّيباجِ والإِستَبرَقِ (^٢).\n\n٦١٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ زاطِيا، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، حدثنا الشَّيبانِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦١٣٧ - ورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ قال: حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيُّ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٣٢)، والترمذي (١٧٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٨٩) من طريق الشيبانى به، وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٩، ٥٩١٢)، وسيأتي في (٦٦٥١، ١١٦١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٣٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦).","vol":"6","page":501},{"text":"فذَكَرَه وقالَ في الحديثِ: وجُلوسٍ على المَياثِرِ. أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ وابنُ أبي مَذعورٍ ويوسُفُ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ. فذَكَرَه، رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^١).\n\n٦١٣٨ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ صَفوانَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَفوانَ يقولُ: استأذَنَ سَعدٌ على ابنِ عامِرٍ وتَحتَه مَرافِقُ (^٢) مِن حَريرٍ فأَمَرَ بها فرُفِعَت، فدَخَلَ وعَلَيه مِطرَفٌ (^٣) مِن خَزٍّ فقالَ له: استأذَنتَ عليَّ وتَحتِى مَرافِقُ مِن حَريرٍ فأَمَرتُ بها فرُفِعَت. فقالَ له: نِعمَ الرَّجُلُ أنتَ يا ابنَ عامِرٍ إن لَم تكنْ ممَّن قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا﴾ [الأحقاف: ٢٠]. واللهِ لأنْ أضطَجِعَ على جَمرِ الغَضَى (^٤) أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أضطَجِعَ عَلَيها (^٥).\n\n٦١٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٦٦/ ٣).\n(^٢) المرافق: جمع المرفقة: وهى كالوسادة، وأصله من المرفق، كأنه استعمل مرفقه واتكأ عليه. النهاية ٢/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) المطرف: بكسر الميم وضمها: الثوب الذي في طرفيه علمان. النهاية ٣/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) الغضى: شجر من الأثل، خشبه من أصلب الخشب، وجمره يبقى زمانًا طويلًا لا ينطفئ، واحدته غضاة. المعجم الوسيط ٢/ ٦٧٩ (غ ض ى). وينظر اللسان ١٥/ ١٢٨.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٥ وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢٤٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"6","page":502},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ وزادَ فيه فقالَ: يا أبا إسحاقَ إنَّ هَذا الَّذِى عَلَيكَ شَطرُه حَريرٌ وشَطرُه خَزٌّ؟ فقالَ: إنَّما يَلِى جِلدِى مِنه الخَزُّ.\nورُوّينا عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه أُتِىَ بدابَّةٍ عَلَيها سَرجُ ديباجٍ فأَبَى أن يَركَبَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1314>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فيما يَكونُ جُنَّةً مِن ذَلِكَ في الحَربِ</span>\nرُوِىَ عن عُروةَ أنه كان يَلبَسُه في الحَربِ، وعن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه لَم يَرَ به بأسًا في الحَربِ، وكَرِهَه الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ (^٢).\n\n٦١٤٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ الزُّبَيرَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ - ﵄ - شَكَيا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - القَملَ في غَزاةٍ لَهُما، فأَذِنَ لَهُما في قَميصِ الحَريرِ. قال أنَسٌ: فرأَيتُ على كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما قَميصَ حَريرٍ (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٠٢: رواه سعيد في سننه والحميدى ورواته ثقات.\n(^٢) ينظر في هذه الآثار مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٠٣٧، ٢٥٠٤٢ - ٢٥٠٤٤، ٢٥٠٧٠، ٣٣١٤١، ٣٣١٤٣، ٣٣١٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٣٠)، والترمذي (١٧٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٤٣٢) من طريق همام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٦/ ٢٥، ٢٦).","vol":"6","page":503},{"text":"٦١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمان بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عُمَرَ خَتَنُ عَطاءٍ قال: رأَيتُ عِندَ أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - جُبَّةً مُزَرَّرَةً بالدّيباجِ فقالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَلبَسُ هذه في الحَربِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1315>بابُ ما يُرَخَّصُ لِلرِّجالِ مِنَ الحَريرِ لِلحِكَّةِ</span>\n\n٦١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: رُخِّصَ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ - ﵄ - في الحَريرِ مِن حِكَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n٦١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ السِّندِيِّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: رَخَّصَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ في لُبسِ الحَريرِ مِن حِكَّةٍ كانَت بهِما. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن وكيعٍ هَكَذا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨١٩) من طريق الحجاج به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٠٣: أبو عمر هو عبد الله بن كيسان خرج له مسلم.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٨٨)، والبخاري (٢٩٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٤٣٠) من طريق شعبة به. وابن حبان (٢٤٣٢) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٣٩).","vol":"6","page":504},{"text":"٦١٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحيرِىُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أو رُخِّصَ لِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ في لُبسِ الحَريرِ لِحِكَّةٍ كانَت بهِما. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ هَكَذا (^٢). وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن وكيعٍ: رُخِّصَ (^٣). وقالَ غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ: رُخِّصَ، أو رَخَّصَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -.\n\n٦١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قال: سُئلَ سعيدٌ عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ في قَميصٍ مِن حَريرٍ في سَفَرٍ مِن حِكَّةٍ كان يَجِدُها بجِلدِه، ولِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ (^٤).\n\n٦١٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الجيزى\"، وفى الأصل: \"الجبرى\"، وفى ص ٣: \"الحريرى\". وهو محمد بن أحمد بن حمدان بن على بن سنان الحيرى. وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٢٩٨. وقد أورده المصنف في أكثر المواضع بكنيته ونسبته فقط. وفي (١٦٩٧٣) بكنيته واسمه، وفي (١٩٩٤٢): \"محمد بن أحمد بن سنان الحيرى أبو عمرو\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٧٦/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) أحمد (١٢٨٦٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٤٨)، وأبو داود (٤٠٥٦)، والنسائي (٥٣٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٩٢) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"6","page":505},{"text":"حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أنبأهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ في القميصِ (^١) الحَريرِ في السَّفَرِ مِن حِكَّةٍ كانَت بهِما، أو وجَعٍ كان بهِما. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى عن قَتادَةَ، وفيهِ: فرَخَّصَ لَهُما في قَميصِ الحَريرِ في غَزاةٍ لَهُما (^٣). فيُشبِهُ أن تَكونَ الرُّخصَةُ في لُبسِه لِلحَربِ، وإِن كان ظاهِرُه أنَّها لِلحِكَّةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦١٤٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه قال: كان لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قَميصٌ مِن حَريرِ يَلبَسُه تَحتَ ثيابِه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ما هَذا؟ قال: لَبِستُه عِندَ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنكَ (^٤). ظاهِرُ هَذا يَدُلُّ على جَوازِه في غَيرِ الحَربِ، والحَديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"قميص\"، وفى ص ٣، م: \"القمص\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٧٦/ ٢٤)، والبخاري (٢٩١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٦/ ٢٦).\n(^٤) أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى البرتى في مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف (١٤).","vol":"6","page":506},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1316>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في العَلَمِ (^١) وما يَكونُ في نَسجِه قَزٌّ (^٢) وقُطنٌ أو كَتّانٌ وكانَ القُطنُ الغالِبَ</span>\n\n٦١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَينا عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ونَحنُ بأَذْرَبِيجانَ: يا عُتبَةَ بنَ فرقَدٍ، إنَّه لَيسَ مِن كَدِّكَ ولا كَدِّ أبيكَ ولا كَدِّ أُمِّكَ - قالَها ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ - فأَشبِعِ المُسلِمينَ في رِحالِهِم مِمّا تَشبَعُ مِنه في رَحلِكَ، وإيّاكُم والتَّنَعُّمَ، وزِىَّ أهلِ الشِّركِ، ولُبوسَ الحَريرِ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُبسِ (^٣) الحَريرِ إلَّا هَكَذا، ورَفَعَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إصبَعَيه. قال زُهَيرٌ: قال عاصِمٌ: هَذا في الكِتابِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ مُختَصَرًا (^٥).\n\n٦١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عثمانَ النَّهدِيَّ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) العلم: أي العلامة. هدى السارى ص ١٥٩.\n(^٢) القز: هو الحرير الطبيعي عندما يستخرج من الشرنقة. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"لبوس\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٢) من طريق زهير به. وأبو داود (٤٠٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦٢٦) من طريق عاصم به. وسيأتي في (١٧٩٦٩، ٢٠٤٤٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٨٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٢).","vol":"6","page":507},{"text":"أتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ونَحنُ مَعَ عُتبَةَ بنِ فرقَدٍ بأَذْرَبِيجانَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الحَريرِ إلَّا هَكَذا. وأَشارَ بإِصبَعَيه اللَّتَينِ تَليانِ الإبهامَ. قال: فما عَتَّمنا أنَّه يَعنِى الأعلامَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: نَهَى نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ إلَّا مَوضِعَ إصبَعَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ المِسمَعِيِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n٦١٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بالجابيَةِ (^٥) قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لُبسِ\n_________\n(^١) أي: ما أبطأنا في معرفة أنه أراد الأعلام. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٤٧.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٦٢٩) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٦٩).\n(^٥) الجابية: قرية من أعمال دمشق. تقع في الجنوب الغربى منها، وتبعد عنها بنحو ٣٠ كم. ينظر =","vol":"6","page":508},{"text":"الحَريرِ إلَّا مَوضِعَ إصبَعَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ أو أربَعَةٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِىِّ وجَماعَةٍ عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦١٥٢ - ورَواه أيضًا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي عثمانَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يَنهَى عن الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ إلَّا ما كان هَكَذا. ثُمَّ أشارَ بإِصبَعِه، ثُمَّ الثّانيَةِ، ثُمَّ الثّالِثَةِ، ثُمَّ الرّابِعَةِ. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنهانا عنه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن حَفصٍ (^٥).\n\n٦١٥٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، في العَلَمِ في الثَّوبِ، فأَرادَ أن يَفتَتِحَ حَديثًا، ثُمَّ قال: أخبرَنِى هَذا الرَّجُلُ مِنَ القَومِ، اسمُه\n_________\n= معجم البلدان ٢/ ٣، والمعجم الكبير ٤/ ٥٧ (ج ب ى).\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٧١٤). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٧٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦٣٠)، وابن حبان (٥٤٤١) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٢٦٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٩٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٢٠) من طريق حفص به. وتقدم في (٦١٤٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٣).","vol":"6","page":509},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ مَولَى أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ. فقالَ له عَطاءٌ: حَدِّثْ. فحَدَّثَ بَينَ يَدَىْ عَطاءٍ قال: أرسَلَتنِى أسماءُ بنتُ أبى بكرٍ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: إنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ تُحَرِّمُ أشياءَ ثَلاثًا؛ صَومَ رَجَبٍ كُلِّه، ومِيثَرَةَ الأُرجُوانِ، والعَلَمَ في الثَّوبِ. فقالَ: أمّا ما ذَكَرتَ مِن صَومِ رَجَبٍ كُلِّه، فكَيفَ مَن صامَ الأبَدَ؟ وأَمّا العَلَمُ في الثَّوبِ فإِنَّ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنِى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن لَبِسَ الحَريرَ في الدُّنيا لَم يَلبَسْه في الآخِرَةِ\". فأَخافُ أن يَكونَ العَلَمُ في الثَّوبِ مِن لُبسِ الحَريرِ، وأَمّا مِيثَرَةُ الأُرجُوانِ فهَذِه مِيثَرَةُ ابنِ عُمَرَ فأُرجوانٌ تَراها؟ قال: نَعَم. يَعنِى فذَهَبَ إلَى أسماءَ فأَخبَرَها، قال عبدُ اللهِ: فأَخرَجَت إلَىَّ جُبَّةً مِن طَيالِسَةٍ (^١) لَها لِبْنَةٌ (^٢) مِن ديباجٍ خُسْرَوانِىٍّ - وفِي سَماعِ محمدِ بنِ موسَى: كِسْرَوانِىٍّ - وفَرجها مَكفوفَينِ به، فقالَت: هذه جُبَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَلبَسُها، فلَمّا قُبِضَ كانَت عِندَ عائشةَ، فلَمّا قُبِضَت قَبَضتُها إلَىَّ، فنَحنُ نَغسِلُها لِلمَريضِ مِنّا إذا اشتَكَى ونَستَشفِى بها (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n٦١٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسة: جمع طيلسان، وهو الثوب الذي له علم وقد يكون كساء. فتح الباري ١٠/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) لبنة: رقعة في جيب القميص. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٤٤.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"يستسقى\".\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٥٨٨) من طريق يعلى به، وأحمد (١٨١)، والترمذي (٢٨١٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٥٨٩) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٠).","vol":"6","page":510},{"text":"داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ أبو عُمَرَ مَولَى أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ في السّوقِ اشتَرَى ثَوبًا شاميًّا، فرأى فيه خَيطًا أحمَرَ فرَدَّه، فأَتَيتُ أسماءَ بنتَ أبى بكرٍ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لَها، فقالَت: يا جاريَةُ، ناوِلينِى جُبَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فأَخرَجَت له جُبَّةَ طَيالِسَةٍ مَكفوفَةَ الجَيبِ والكُمَّينِ والفَرجَينِ بالدّيباجِ (^١).\n\n٦١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن عِكرمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما كَرِهَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الثَّوبَ المُصمَتَ مِنَ الحَريرِ، فأَمّا العَلَمُ مِنَ الحَريرِ أو سَدَى (^٢) الثَّوبِ فلَيسَ به بأسٌ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ عمرٍو: نَهَى. بَدَلَ: كَرِهَ. وقالَ: فأَمّا العَلَمُ مِنَ الحَريرِ والنِّيرُ (^٣) فلَيسَ به بأسٌ (^٤).\n\n٦١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٠٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٩٤) من طريق المغيرة به، وأحمد مختصرا (٢٦٩٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦١٦) من طريق أبى عمر به.\n(^٢) السدي: الخيوط الممتدة طولًا وهى التي ينسج منها الثوب. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٣) النِّير: العلم في الثوب. الفائق ٤/ ٣٦.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٤٢٦٨).","vol":"6","page":511},{"text":"عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١)، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الحَريرِ المُصمَتِ، فأَمّا أن يَكونَ سَداه أو لُحمَتُه (^٢) حَريرًا فلا بأسَ بلُبسِهِ. كَذا قالَه أبو عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وقيلَ عنه في هَذا الخبرِ: فأَمّا الثَّوبُ الَّذِى سَداه حَريرٌ ولُحمَتُه لَيسَ حَريرًا فلَيسَ بمُصمَتٍ ولا نَرَى به بأسًا (^٣).\n\n٦١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المزكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه رأى على سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - جُبَّةً شاميَّةً قيامُها قَزٌّ. قال بُسرٌ: رأيتُ على زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ خَمائصَ مُعَلَّمَةً (^٤).\n\n٦١٥٨ - فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنى ابنَ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا أركَبُ الأُرجُوانَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"جرير\".\n(^٢) اللحمة: ما ينسج عرضا. المصباح المنير ص ٢١٠ (ل ح م).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٥١) من طريق ابن جريج. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٧٦: رواه أحمد والطبراني في الأوسط ورجالهما رجال الصحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.","vol":"6","page":512},{"text":"ألبَسُ القَسِّىَّ ولا المُعَصفَرَ ولا القَميصَ المَكفوفَ بالحَريرِ\" (^١). فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ مَياثِرَ الأُرجُوانِ التي هِىَ مَراكِبُ الأعاجِمِ مِن ديباجٍ أو حَريرٍ، وأَرادَ بالقَميصِ المُكفوفِ بالحَريرِ أن يَكونَ الحَريرُ كَثيرًا أكثَرَ مِن مِقدارِ العَلَمِ الَّذِى رَخَّصَ فيه، أو أرادَ به التَّنزيهَ، والجُبَّةُ التي أخرَجَتها أسماءُ بنتُ أبى بكرٍ يَحتَمِلُ أن يكونَ كان يَلبَسُها في الحَربِ؛ فقَد رُوِّينا ذَلِكَ عَنها في حَديثٍ آخَرَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان يَنهَى أن يُصبَغَ العَصْبُ (^٢) بالبَولِ، وأَنَّه كانَتِ الحُلَّةُ تُنسَجُ لأصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَبلُغُ الحُلَّةُ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ وأَكثَرَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: الحُلَّةُ التي كانوا يَلبَسونَها ثَوبانِ إزارٌ ورِداءٌ، إلَّا أنَّها كانَت مِن قَزٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1317>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ لِلرِّجالِ في لُبسِ الخَزِّ </span>(^٤)\n\n٦١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدٍ الأنماطِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب عقب (٧١٨). وتقدم في (٦٠٤١).\n(^٢) العصب: برد يصبغ غزله ثم ينسج. المصباح المنير ص ١٥٧ (ع ص ب).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٩٨) من طريق نافع به. وعنده: ابن عمر أو عمر.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الحرير\". والخز نوعان؛ أحدهما ثياب تنسج من صوف وحرير، وهى مباحة وقد لبسها الصحابة والتابعون، والنوع الآخر كله من الحرير فهو حرام. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٨.","vol":"6","page":513},{"text":"الرّازِىُّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، أخبرَنِى أبى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه سَعدٍ قال: رأيتُ رَجُلًا ببُخارَى على بَغلَةٍ بَيضاءَ، عَلَيه عِمامَةُ خَزٍّ سَوداءُ، فقالَ: كَسانيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. لَفظُ حَديثِ عثمانَ (^١).\n\n٦١٦١ - وأخبرَنى أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حَدَّثَنِى مَخلَدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ الدَّشْتَكِىُّ الرّازِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: نُراه ابنَ خازِمٍ السُّلَمِىَّ (^٢). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: ابنُ خازِمٍ ما أُرَى أدرَكَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، أو هَذا شَيخٌ آخَرُ.\n\n٦١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الفُضَيلِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىَّ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ وعَلَيه مِطرَفُ خَزٍّ، فقُلنا: يا صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَلبَسُ هَذا؟ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إن اللهَ يُحِبُّ إذا أنعَمَ على عبدٍ نِعمَةً أن يُرَى أثَرُ نِعمَتِه (^٣) عَلَيه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٢)، وأبو داود (٤٠٣٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٣٢١) من طريق عبد الرحمن الرازي به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٦٣٨) من طريق عبد الله بن سعد به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٧٣).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٦٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٨/ ٧. وعند البخاري: خالد، وعند ابن عساكر: مخلد.\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٣: \"نعمتى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٣٤) عن روح به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٠٦: إسناده جيد.","vol":"6","page":514},{"text":"٦١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ قال: كان أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ يَلبَسُ مِنَ الخَزِّ أجوَدَه. قال حُمَيدٌ: قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ: أكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَكسو أهلَه الخَزَّ؟ قال: يَكسو صَفيَّةَ المِطرَفَ بخَمسِمِائَةٍ (^١).\n\n٦١٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ وحُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، أنَّهُما رأيا على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ كِساءَ خَزٍّ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وحَدَّثَنِى وهبُ بنُ كَيسانَ قال: رأيتُ على رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أكسيَةَ خَزٍّ، مِنهُم جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ (^٢).\n\n٦١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها كَسَت عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ مِطرَفَ خَزٍّ كانَت عائشَةُ تَلبَسُه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١١٧ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد الله به.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩١٢، وعنه الشافعي ٧/ ٢٤٣، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٥٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٩٩٩) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"6","page":515},{"text":"٦١٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ (^١) السَّمْتِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُجالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ قال: رأيتُ على أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ بُرنُسَ خَزٍّ (^٢).\n\n٦١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ، عن عَقارِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ قال: رأيتُ على أبى قَتادَةَ مِطرَفَ خَزٍّ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في الرُّخصَةِ في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن أبي هريرةَ (^٤) وعَبدِ الله بنِ أبي أوفَى (^٥)، وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ لُبسَه ثُمَّ يَراه على ابنِه فلا يُنكِرُ ذَلِكَ (^٦).\n\n٦١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ محمدٍ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا المُغَلِّسُ بنُ زيادٍ أبو الوَليدِ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ عَبِيدَةَ الباهِلِىُّ قاضِى البَصرَةِ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ نَفَرٍ مِن باهِلَةَ حَتَّى أتَينا أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: قُلنا: فأَخبِرْنا عن الخَزِّ. قال: فأَخرَجَ إلَينا جُبَّةً مِن خَزٍّ بَينَ قَميصَينِ، وقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"حيان\".\n(^٢) تقدم تعريف البرنس عقب (٢٧١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٠٠٢) من طريق عمران به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٠٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٠١١).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٩٩٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٩٦٢)، والمصنف في الشعب (٦٢١١).","vol":"6","page":516},{"text":"ها هو ذا ألبَسُه، ووَدِدتُ أنِّى لَم أكُن لَبِستُه، وما أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا وقَد لَبِسَه غَيرَ عُمَرَ وابنِ عُمَرَ، فإِنَّهُما لَم يَلبَساه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1318>بابُ ما ورَدَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ في لُبسِ الخَزِّ</span>\n\n٦١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عامِرٍ أو أبو مالكٍ الأشعَرِىُّ - واللَّهِ يَمينًا أُخرَى ما كَذَبَنِى - أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ أيضًا، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا بشرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: قامَ رَبيعَةُ الجُرَشِىُّ في النّاسِ، فذَكَرَ حَديثًا فيه طولٌ، قال: فإِذا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ غَنْمٍ الأشعَرِىُّ قُلتُ: يَمينٌ حَلَفتَ عَلَيها، قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عامِرٍ أو أبو مالكٍ، واللهِ يَمينٌ أُخرَى، حَدَّثَنِى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيَكونَنَّ في أُمَّتِى أقوامٌ يَستَحِلّونَ\". قال في حديثِ هِشامٍ: \"الخَمرَ والحَريرَ\". وفي حَديثِ دُحَيمٍ: \"الخَزَّ والحَريرَ والخَمرَ والمَعازِفَ، ولَيَنزِلَنَّ أقوامٌ إلَى جَنبِ عَلَمٍ (^١) تَروحُ عَلَيهِم سارِحَةٌ لَهُم، فيأتيهِم طالِبُ حاجَةٍ فيقولونَ: ارجِعْ إلَينا غَدًا. فيُبَيِّتُهُم فيَضَعُ عَلَيهِمُ العَلَمَ، ويَمسَخُ آخَرينَ قِرَدَةً وخَنازيرَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال دُحَيمٌ: \"ويَمسَخُ مِنهُم آخَرينَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) العلم: الجبل العالى، وقيل: رأس الجبل. فتح الباري ١٠/ ٥٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٧٥٤) من طريق هشام به. وأبو داود (٤٠٣٩) من طريق بشر به، كلاهما =","vol":"6","page":517},{"text":"قال: وقالَ هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ: حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه، وذَكَرَ في رِوايَتِه: \"الخَزَّ\" (^١).\nورُوّينا عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا تَركَبوا الخَزَّ ولا النِّمارَ\" (^٢). وكأنَّه - ﷺ - كَرِهَ زِىَّ العَجَمِ في مَراكِبِهِم، واستَحَبَّ القَصدَ في اللِّباسِ والمراكِبِ.\n\n٦١٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، عن أبي مَرحومٍ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ اللِّباسَ وهو يَقدِرُ عَلَيه تَواضُعًا للهِ ﷿ دَعاه اللهُ ﷿ يَومَ القيامَةِ على رُءوسِ الخَلائقِ، يُخَيِّرُه مِن حُلَلِ الإيمانِ فيلْبَسُ أيَّها شاءَ\" (^٣).\n\n٦١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى\n_________\n= بسياق مختصر.\n(^١) في س: \"الحر\".\nوالحديث عند البخاري (٥٥٩٠). وعنده: \"الحر\". بدل: \"الخز\"، وذكر ابن حجر في فتح الباري ١٠/ ٥٥، ٥٦ أنه بالحاء والراء في معظم الروايات من صحيح البخاري، وذكر عن ابن العربى أنه بالخاء والزاى تصحيف، وذكر عنه أن الخز مختلف فيه، والأقوى حِلُّه، وليس فيه وعيد ولا عقوبة بإجماع.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٤).\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٣١)، والترمذي (٤٤٨١) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.","vol":"6","page":518},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن هارونَ بنِ كِنانَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الشُّهرَتَينِ، أن يَلبَسَ الثّيابَ الحَسَنَةَ التي يُنظَرُ إلَيه فيها، أوِ الدِّنيَّةَ أوِ الرِّثَّةَ التي يُنظَرُ إلَيه فيها. قال عمرٌو: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أمرًا بَينَ أمرَينِ، وخَيرُ الأُمورِ أوساطُها\" (^١). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1319>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الأقبيَةِ المُزَرَّرَةِ (^٢) بالذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٦١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: أُهديَت لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أقبيَةُ دِيباجٍ أزرارُها ذَهَبٌ، فقَسَمَها بَينَ أصحابِه، فقالَ مَخرَمَةُ: يا بُنَىَّ انطَلِقْ بنا إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عَسَى أن نُصيبَ مِنها. فقالَ لِىَ: ادخُلْ فادعُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -. فخَرَجَ عَلَينارسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيه قَباءٌ مِنها فقالَ: \"هما يا مَخرَمَةُ هَذا خَبّأناه لَكَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٢٩) عن السلمى وغيره به. وأخرجه الخطيب في الجامع لأخلاق الراوى (٨٨٤) عن القاضي الحيرى به.\n(^٢) في س: \"المزردة\". بالدال. والأقبية: جمع قَباء، هو جنس من الثياب ضيق من لباس العجم. هدى السارى ص ١٦٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٢٧)، وأبو داود (٤٠٢٨)، والترمذي (٢٨١٨)، والنسائي (٥٣٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٨١٧) من طريق الليث به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٠٨: كامل تكلم فيه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٨٦٢).","vol":"6","page":519},{"text":"٦١٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان قَسَمَ أقبيَةً مِن ديباجٍ مَزرورَةٍ بالذَّهَبِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَخرَمَةَ بنَ نَوفَلٍ أبا المِسوَرِ، فبَعَثَ ابنَه المِسوَرَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وجاءَ فقامَ بالبابِ وقالَ: ادعُه لِى. فسَمِعَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فخَرَجَ بقَباءٍ مِنها، فاستَقبَلَه وقالَ: \"خَبّأتُ لَكَ هَذا يا أبا المِسوَرِ، خَبّأتُ لَكَ هَذا يا أبا المِسوَرِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ عن حَمّادٍ هَكَذا مُرسَلًا (^٢)، ورَواه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ وردانَ عن أيّوبَ مَوصولًا، إلَّا أنَّه لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الدّيباجِ والأزرارِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ أخرَجاه عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ، لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الدّيباجِ والأزرارِ (^٥).\n\n٦١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن واقِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فقالَ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جَيشًا إلَى أُكَيدِرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٩٠٨) عن سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٦١٣٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٥٧)، ومسلم (١٠٥٨/ ١٣٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٥٩٩)، ومسلم (١٠٥٨/ ١٢٩).","vol":"6","page":520},{"text":"دُومَةَ (^١)، فبَعَثَ إلَيه بجُبَّةٍ مِن ديباجٍ مَنسوجٍ بالذَهَبِ، فلَبِسَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يَمسَحونَها ويَنظُرونَ إلَيها، فقالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أتَعجَبونَ مِن هذه الجُبَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما رأينا ثَوبًا قَطُّ أحسَنَ مِنه. قال: \"فواللهِ لَمَناديلُ سَعدٍ في الجَنَّةِ أحسَنُ مِمّا تَرَونَ\" (^٢).\n\n٦١٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبْرِقانِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ أُكَيدِرَ دُومَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - جُبَّةَ - قال سعيدٌ: أحسِبُه قال: سُندُسٍ - قال: وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يَنهَى عن الحَريرِ. قال: فلَبِسَها فعَجِبَ النّاسُ مِنها، فقالَ: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَمَناديلُ سَعدٍ في الجَنّةِ أحسَنُ مِن هذا\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن قَتادَةَ دونَ اللَّفظَةِ التي أتَى بها سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ أنَّ ذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يَنهَى عن الحَريرِ (^٤)، وهِىَ أشبَهُ بالصِّحَّةِ مِن\n_________\n(^١) دومة: بضم الدال وفتحها، وأهلها اليوم يقولونها بالفتح، وهى قرية في الجوف، والجوف منطقة زراعية شمال تيماء على قرابة ٤٥٠ كيلا، تصلها طريق معبدة بكل من تيماء فالمدينة. . . المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٢٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٣)، وابن حبان (٧٠٣٧) من طريق يزيد به. والترمذي (١٧٢٣)، والنسائي (٥٣١٧) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذي: صحيح. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٠٩: رواه جماعة عن محمد، وإسناده حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٥٥) عن عبد الوهاب. وأحمد (١٣١٤٨)، وابن حبان (٧٠٣٨) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦١٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٦٩/ ١٢٧).","vol":"6","page":521},{"text":"رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى: وكانَ يَنهَى عن الحَريرِ. وقَد قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ: إنَ أُكَيدِرَ دُومَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. في هَديَّةِ المُشرِكينَ. إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1320>بابُ نَهىِ الرِّجالِ عن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٦١٧٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبِ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، أنَّ أَباه حَدَّثَه أنه سَمِعَ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِب - ﵁ - يقولُ: نَهانِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن القِراءَةِ وأَنا راكِعٌ، وعن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ والمُعَصفَرِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٦١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ بنِ سعيدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن بَحيرٍ، عن خالِدٍ قال: وفَدَ المِقدامُ بنُ مَعدِيكَرِبَ على مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه، ثُمَّ قال المِقدامُ: يا مُعاويَةُ، إن أنا صَدَقتُ فصَدِّقنِى، وإِن كَذَبتُ فكَذِّبنِى. قال: فأفعَلُ. قال: فأَنشُدُكَ باللهِ هَل سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فأَنشُدُكَ باللهِ هَل تَعلَمُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦١٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٢٦٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٧٨/ ٣٠).","vol":"6","page":522},{"text":"عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فأَنشُدُكَ باللَّهِ هَل تَعلَمُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُبسِ جُلودِ السِّباعِ والرُّكوبِ عَلَيها؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\n\n٦١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مِيناءَ قال: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لا يَزالُ يَدعونِى فآتِى بالقَباءِ مِن أقبيَةِ الشِّركِ. قال: فقالَ: انزعْ هَذا الذَّهَبَ مِنها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1321>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ لِلنِّساءِ في لُبسِ الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ، وافتراشِهِما، والتَّحَلِّى بالذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٦١٧٩ - أخبرَنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا جَريرٌ هو ابنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: رأى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - عُطارِدًا التَّميمِىَّ يُقيمُ بالسّوقِ حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ، وكانَ رَجُلًا يَغشَى المُلوكَ ويُصيبُ مِنهُم، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يا رسُولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي رأيتُ عُطارِدًا يُقيمُ في السّوقِ حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ، فلَوِ اشتَرَيتَها فلَبِستَها لِوُفودِ العَرَبِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤١٣١). وتقدم في (٧١).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨٢.","vol":"6","page":523},{"text":"إذا قَدِموا عَلَيكَ؟ قال: وأَظُنُّه قال: ولَبِستَها يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ الحَريرَ في الدُّنيا مَن لا خَلاقَ له في الآخِرَةِ \". فلَمّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بحُلَلِ سِيَراءَ، فبَعَثَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بحُلَّةٍ، وبَعَثَ إلَى أُسامَةَ - ﵁ - بحُلَّةٍ، وأَعطَى علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - حُلَّةً، فقالَ له: \"شَقِّقْها خُمُرًا بَينَ نِسائِكَ\". فجاءَ عُمَرُ بحُلَّتِه يَحمِلُها فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، بَعَثتَ إلَىَّ بهَذِه وقَد قُلتَ بالأمسِ في حُلَّةِ عُطارِدٍ ما قُلتَ؟ قال: \"إنِّي لَم أبعَثْ بها إلَيكَ لِتَلبَسَها، وإنَّما بَعَثتُ بها إلَيكَ لِتُصيبَ بها\". وأَمّا أُسامَةُ فراحَ في حُلَّتِه، فنَظَرَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَظَرًا عَرَفَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد أنكَرَ ما صَنَعَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما تَنظُرُ إلَىَّ وأَنتَ بَعَثتَ إلَىَّ بها؟ فقالَ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لَم أبعَثْ بها إلَيكَ لِتَلبَسَها، ولَكِن بَعَثتُ بها إلَيكَ لِتُشَقِّقَها خُمُرًا بَينَ نِسائِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شيبان بنِ فرّوخَ (^٢).\n\n٦١٨٠ - أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو الفَيّاضِ بَكّارُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزِّمّانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ أخِى جُوَيريَةَ، حدثنا جُوَيريَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رأى حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ مِن حَريرٍ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَو ابتَعتَ هذه الحُلَّةَ فلَبِستَها لِلوُفُودِ وليَومِ الجُمُعَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ هذه مَن لا خَلاقَ له في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٢٥٧، ٤٢٥٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٦٨/ ٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٨٥).","vol":"6","page":524},{"text":"وبِهَذا الإِسناد أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بحُلَّةِ سِيَراءَ مِن حَريرِ كَساها إيّاه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَسَوتَنيها وقَد سَمِعتُكَ تَقولُ فيها ما قُلتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما بَعَثتُ بها إلَيكَ لِتَبيعَها، أو لِتَكسُوَها بَعضَ نِسائِكَ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جوَيريَةَ بنِ أسماءَ (^١).\n\n٦١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُحِلَّ الذَّهَبُ والحَريرُ لإناثِ أُمَّتِى، وحُرِّمَ على ذُكورِها\" (^٢).\n\n٦١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ ثَوبانَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ أبي رُقَيَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مَسلَمَةَ بنَ مُخَلَّدٍ يقولُ لِعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ: قُمْ فأَخبِرِ النّاسَ بما سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقامَ عُقبَةُ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن كَذَبَ علىَّ فليتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِن جَهَنَّمَ\". وسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الحَريرُ والذَّهَبُ حَرامٌ على ذُكورِ أُمَّتِى وحلالٌ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٠٣)، والنسائي (٥١٦٣) من طريق أيوب به. وتقدم في (٤٢٧٧)، وسيأتي في (٧٦٣٣).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"حل\".","vol":"6","page":525},{"text":"لإناثِهِم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1322>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَعلَمُ مِن نَفسِه في الحَربِ بَلاءً فيُعلِمُ نَفسَه بعَلامَةٍ</span>\n\n٦١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أبى عَونٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: قال لِى أُمَيَّةُ وأَنا أمشِى مَعَه: يا عبدَ الإلَهِ، مَنِ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُم مُعلَمٌ بريشَةِ نَعَامَةٍ في صَدرِهِ؟ فقُلتُ: ذاكَ حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فقالَ: ذاكَ فعَلَ بنا الأفاعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٦١٨٤ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ الكِلابِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوازِعِ بنِ ثَورٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّبَيرِ ينِ العَوّامِ، في قِصَّةِ أبى دُجانَةَ سِماكِ بنِ خَرَشَةَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ ودَفْعِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - سَيفَه إلَيه، قال: وكانَ إذا أرادَ القِتالَ أعلَمَ بعِصابَةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥٠٦. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٣١)، وابن حبان (٥٤٣٦) من طريق عمرو به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١١: إسناده وسط.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٦٠). وأخرجه البزار (١٠١٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١١٧ من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٨١: رواه البزار من طريقين في إحداهما شيخه على بن الفضل الكرابيسى ولم أعرفه وبقية رجالها رجال الصحيح والأخرى ضعيفة.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٣٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٠ وصحح إسناده، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الطبري في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ٥٤٨ (مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق عمرو بن عاصم به.","vol":"6","page":526},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1323>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُبارِزُ إذا طَلَبوا البِرازَ</span>\n\n٦١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ [عبدِ الكَريمِ] (^١)، حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو هاشِمٍ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يُقسِمُ قَسَمًا أنَّ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ﴾ [الحج: ١٩]. نَزَلَت في الَّذينَ بَرَزوا يَومَ بَدرٍ؛ حَمزَةُ وعَلِىٌّ وعُبَيدَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ، وعُتبَةُ وشَيبَةُ ابنا رَبيعَةَ والوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n٦١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةِ بَدرٍ قال: فبَرَزَ عُتبَةُ وأَخوه شَيبَةُ وابنُه الوَليدُ فقالوا: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فخَرَجَ فِتيَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ شَبَبَةٌ، فقالَ عُتبَةُ: لا نُريدُ هَؤُلاءِ، ولَكِن يُبارِزُنا مِن بَنِى أعمامِنا بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُمْ يا حَمزَةُ، قُمْ يا عُبَيدَةُ، قُمْ يا علىُّ\". فبَرَزَ حَمزَةُ لِعُتبَةَ، وعُبَيدَةُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عبد الرحمن\". وينظر تاريخ جرجان ١/ ٧٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٤٧٤٣)، والنسائي (٨٦٤٩) من طريق هشيم به. والبخاري (٣٩٦٦)، ومسلم (٤٠٣٣/. . .)، والنسائي (٨٢٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٥) من طريق أبى هاشم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٩٦٩)، ومسلم (٣٠٣٣/ ٣٤).","vol":"6","page":527},{"text":"لِشَيبَةَ، وعَلِىٌّ لِلوَليدِ، فقَتَلَ حَمزَةُ عُتبَةَ، وقَتَلَ علىٌّ الوَليدَ، وقَتَلَ عُبَيدَةُ شَيبَةَ، وضَرَبَ شَيبَةُ رِجْلَ عُبَيدَةَ فقَطَعَها، فاستَنقَذَه حَمزَةُ وعَلِىٌّ حَتَّى توُفِّىَ بالصَّفراءِ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أصحابِه في هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّ عُبَيدَةَ بارَزَ عُتبَةَ، وحَمزَةُ شَيبَةَ، وعَلِىٌّ الوَليدَ بنَ عُتبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1324>بابُ ما يُنهَى [عنه مِنَ] (^٣) المَراكِبِ</span>\n\n٦١٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ قال: سَمِعتُ عاصِمَ بنَ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: نَهانِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن أجعَلَ خاتَمِى في هذه أو التي تَليها - لَم يَدرِ عاصِمٌ في أىِّ الثِّنتَينِ - ونَهانِى عن لُبسِ القَسِّىِّ، وعن جُلوسٍ على المَياثِرِ. قال: فأَمّا القَسِّىُّ فثيابٌ مُضَلَّعَةٌ يُؤتَى بها مِن مِصرَ والشامِ، وأَمّا المَياثِرُ فشَئٌ كانَت تَجعَلُه النِّساءُ لِبُعولَتِهِنَّ على الرَّحلِ كالقَطائفِ الأُرجُوانِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) الصفراء: قرية، تعرف اليوم بالواسطة، ووادى الصفراء من أودية الحجاز الفحول، يلقاك على (٥١) كيلا من المدينة، ثم يفارقك على (١٦٣) كيلا منها. معجم البدان ٣/ ٤١٢، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١٧٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧١٢) عن أبي طاهر الفقيه به، والحاكم ٣/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦٦٥) من طريق إسرائيل به. وليس عند أحمد تعيين القاتل، وعند أبي داود أن حمزة قاتل عتبة، وعليا قاتل شيبة، وعبيدة قاتل الوليد. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٢١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٣٩١) عن أبي كريب به. وأحمد (١١٢٤)، وابن حبان (٩٩٨) من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"6","page":528},{"text":"عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^١).\n\n٦١٨٨ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: نَهانِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن القَسِّيَّةِ، والمِيثَرَةِ. قال أبو بُردَةَ: قُلنا لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ -: ما القَسِّيَّةُ؟ قال: ثيابٌ أتَتنا (^٢) مِنَ الشّامِ أو مِصرَ مُضَلَّعَةٌ فيها حَريرٌ فيها أمثالُ الأُترُجِّ (^٣)، والمِيثَرَةُ شَئٌ كانَت تَصنَعُه النِّساءُ لِبُعولَتِهِنَّ أمثالُ القَطائفِ يَضَعونَها على الرِّحالِ (^٤). قَد أشارَ إلَيه البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ (^٥).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المَياثِرُ كانَت مِن مَراكِبِ الأعاجِمِ مِن ديباجٍ أو حَريرٍ (^٦). وقالَ غَيرُه: المِيثَرَةُ جُلودُ السِّباعِ.\n\n٦١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن مَيمونٍ القَنادِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم ٣/ ١٦٥٩ (٢٠٧٨/ ٦٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أتينا\".\n(^٣) الأترج: شجر يعلو، ناعم الأغصان والورق والثمر، وثمره كالليمون الكبار، وهو ذهبى اللون ذكى الرائحة حامض الماء، والمراد أن الأضلاع التي فيها غليظة معوجة. ينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ٨٣، والمعجم الوسيط ١/ ٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٢٥) عن مسدد به.\n(^٥) البخاري عقب حديث (٥٨٣٧).\n(^٦) غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٢٨.","vol":"6","page":529},{"text":"رُكوبِ النِّمارِ (^١)، وعن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ إلَّا مُقَطَّعًا (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ عن مُعاويَةَ في رُكوبِ النِّمارِ (^٣). ورَواه أبو شَيخٍ الهُنائىُّ عن مُعاويَةَ في رُكوبِ النِّمارِ وفِي الذَّهَبِ (^٤).\n\n٦١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ وأبو الأسوَدِ وأبو زَيدٍ ويَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ قالوا: حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حدثنا عَيّاشُ بنُ عباسٍ، عن أبي الحُصَينِ الهَيثَمِ بنِ شَفِىٍّ سَمِعَه يقولُ: خَرَجتُ أنا وأبو عامِرٍ المَعَافِرِىُّ نُصلِّى بإيلياءَ، وكانَ قاضيَهُم رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأزدِ يُقالُ له: أبو رَيحانَةَ. مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ، قال أبو الحُصينِ: فسَبَقَنِى صاحِبِى إلَى المَسجِدِ، ثُمَّ أدرَكتُه فجَلَستُ إلَى ناحيَتِهِ، فسألَنِى: هَل أدرَكتَ قصَصَ أبى رَيحانَةَ؟ قُلتُ له: لا. فقالَ: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن عَشرٍ؛ عن الوَشرِ (^٥)، والوَشمِ، والنَتفِ، وعن مُكامَعَةِ (^٦) الرَّجُلِ الرَّجُلَ بغَيرِ شِعارٍ (^٧)، ومُكامَعَةِ المَرأَةِ المَرأَةَ بغَيرِ شِعارٍ، وأَن يَجعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) النمار جمع نمر، والمقصود النهى عن استعمال جلدها في الركوب. ينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ١١٤.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢٣٩)، وقال: أبو قلابة لم يلق معاوية. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٤٤) عن إسماعيل به، والنسائي (٥١٦٥) من طريق خالد به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٦٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨٩٣٨) بدون ذكر ركوب النمار.\n(^٥) الوشر: معالجة الأسنان بما يحددها، تفعله المرأة المسنة تشبه بالشواب الحديثات السن. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٩١.\n(^٦) المكامعة: ملائمة الرجل الرجل ومضاجعته إياه بلا ستر. الفائق ٣/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٧) تقدم معناه في (١٥١٩).","vol":"6","page":530},{"text":"الرَّجُلُ أسفَلَ ثيابِه حَريرًا مِثلَ الأعاجِمِ، ويَجعَلَ على مَنكِبَيه حَريرًا مِثلَ الأعاجِمِ، وعن النُّهْبَى، ورُكوبِ النُّمورِ، ولُبوسِ الخاتَمِ إلَّا لِذِى سُلطانٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1325>بابُ ما كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستَعمِلونَه في رِحالِهِم</span>\n\n٦١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، عن وكيعٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو القُرَشِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه رأى رُفقَةً مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ رِحالُهُمُ الأَدَمُ فقالَ: مَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلَى أشبَهِ رُفقَةٍ كانوا بأَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فليَنظُرْ إلَى هَؤُلاءِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٧٧). والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥١٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٤٩) عن يزيد بن خالد به. وأحمد (١٧٢٠٩)، والنسائي (٥١٠٦) من طريق المفضل به، وأحمد (١٧٢١٠)، والنسائي (٥١٢٥) من طريق عياش بن عباس به. وأحمد (١٧٢٠٨)، والنسائي (٥١٢٦) من طريق أبى حصين به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٣: له طرق حسنة.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٤٢)، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٠٣٤) عن وكيع. وسيأتي في (٨٧٢٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٨٩).","vol":"6","page":531},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1326>كتابُ صلاةِ العيدينِ</span>\n\n٦١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدابادِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النُّمَيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: قال أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ ولأهلِ المَدينَةِ يَومانِ يَلعَبونَ فيهِما بالجاهِليَّةِ، فقالَ: \"قَدِمتُ عَلَيكُم ولَكُم يَومانِ تَلعَبونَ فيهِما في الجاهِليَّةِ، وقَد أبدَلَكُمُ اللهُ بهِما خَيرًا مِنهُما، يَومَ النَّحرِ ويَومَ الفِطرِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الفَزارِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1327>بابُ غُسلِ العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٦١) عن الحاكم، وفى الشعب (٣٧٠٩) عن أبي طاهر - وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٢٧) عن يزيد به. وأحمد (١٣٤٧٠) عن محمد بن عبد الله به. وأحمد (١٣٦٢٢)، وأبو داود (١١٣٤)، والنسائي (١٥٥٥) من طريق حميد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٠٤).","vol":"6","page":533},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وحَدَّثَنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن زاذانَ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ عَليًّا - ﵁ - عن الغُسلِ، قال: اغتَسِلْ كُلَّ يَومٍ إن شِئتَ. فقالَ: لا، الغُسلُ الَّذِى هو الغُسلُ. قال: يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، ويَومَ عَرَفَةَ، ويَومَ النَّحرِ، ويَومَ الفِطرِ (^١).\n\n٦١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَغتَسِلُ يَومَ الفِطرِ قَبلَ أن يَغدُوَ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ عَجلانَ وغَيرُه عن نافِعٍ فقالَ: في العيدَينِ؛ الأضحَى والفِطرِ (^٣). وَرُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، ثُمَّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٤).\n\n٦١٩٥ - ورَوَى حَجّاجُ بنُ تَميمٍ ولَيسَ بقَوِىٍّ (^٥)، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٣٢)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٦٣. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ١١٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٦٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣١، ومالك ١/ ١٧٧، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٥٧٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفريابى في أحكام العيدين (١٦١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٥٨٢٠، ٥٨٢٢) من طرق عن نافع.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨٢٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٥) حجاج بن تميم الجزرى، ويقال: الواسطى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٢٨٤، =","vol":"6","page":534},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلُ يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الأضحَى. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا جُبارَةُ (^١)، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ تَميمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَيمونُ بنُ مِهرانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: رِوايَتُه لَيسَت بمُستَقيمَةٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1328>بابُ التَّكبيرِ لَيلَةَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الفِطرِ، وإذا غَدا إلَى صَلاةِ العيدَينِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ: ﴿وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٥].\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: سَمِعتُ مَن أرضَى مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالقُرآنِ يقولُ: فتُكمِلوا عِدَّةَ صَومِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، وتُكَبِّروا اللَّهَ عِندَ إكمالِه على ما هَداكُم. وإِكمالُه مَغيبُ الشَّمسِ مِن آخِرِ يَومٍ مِن أيّامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وبَلَغَنِى عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى﴾ [الأعلى: ١٥] قال: ذكَرَ اللَّهَ وهو يَنطَلِقُ إلَى العيدِ.\n_________\n= وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٢٠٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٤٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤٢٨، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٦١، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٩٩. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٥٢: ضعيف.\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حبان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٨٩.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٢/ ٦٤٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣١٥) عن جبارة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٤: وجبارة ضعيف.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٢٣١.","vol":"6","page":535},{"text":"٦١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مُصَفَّى، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ العَطّارُ ثِقَةٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^١)، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ لَيلَةَ الفِطرِ حَتَّى يَغدوَ إلَى المُصَلَّى (^٢). ذِكرُ اللَّيلَةِ فيه غَريبٌ.\n\n٦١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَغدو إلَى العيدِ مِنَ المَسجِدِ، وكانَ يَرفَعُ صَوتَه بالتَّكبيرِ حَتَّى يأتِىَ المُصَلَّى، ويُكَبِّرُ حَتَّى يأتِىَ الإمامُ (^٣). ورَواه ابنُ إدريسَ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ وقالَ: يَومَ الفِطرِ والأضحَى (^٤). وهَذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهَينِ ضَعيفَينِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٦١٩٨ - أمّا أمثَلُهُما، فأَخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وفى تاريخ دمشق والمهذب ٣/ ١٢١٤: \"أبى شهاب\". وكذا في معرفة السنن للمصنف عقب (١٨٧٠). وكذا ذكر المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٣٤٤ فيمن روى عنهم يحيى بن سعيد ذكر أبا شهاب الحناط.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٤/ ٢٧٠ من طريق المصنف. والفريابى في أحكام العيدين (٥٧)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٧٠) من طريق عبيد الله. وعند الفريابى: \"يوم\" بدل: \"ليلة\". وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٤: قال ابن عدى في العطار: هو بين الضعف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٥ من طريق يحيى به. والشافعي ١/ ٢٣١ من طريق محمد بن عجلان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٦٢)، والطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار ١٤/ ٣٨.","vol":"6","page":536},{"text":"ابنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَخرُجُ في العيدَينِ مَعَ الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ وعَبدِ الله والعباسِ وعَلِىٍّ وجَعفَرٍ والحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ وأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ وزيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ وأَيمَنَ ابنِ أُمِّ أيمَنَ - ﵃ - رافِعًا صَوتَه بالتَّهليلِ والتَّكبيرِ، فيأخُذُ طَريقَ الحَدّادينَ حَتَّى يأتِىَ المُصَلَّى، وإِذا فرَغَ رَجَعَ على الحَذّائينَ حَتَّى يأتِىَ مَنزِلَه (^١).\n\n٦١٩٩ - وأَمّا أضعَفُهُما، فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ خُنَيسٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُكَبِّرُ يَومَ الفِطرِ مِن حينِ يَخرُجُ مِن بَيتِه حَتَّى يأتِىَ المُصَلَّى (^٢). موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَطاءٍ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، والوَليدُ بنُ محمدٍ المُوَقَّرِىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٤) لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَةِ أمثالِهِما، والحَديثُ المَحفوظُ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٠٨)، وفى الشعب (٣٧١٤)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (١٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٨/ ١٠٠ من طريق المصنف به، والدارقطني ٢/ ٤٤ من طريق عبيد الله بن محمد بن خنيس به.\n(^٣) موسى بن محمد بن عطاء أبو الطاهر المقدسى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: ضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ١٦٩، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٦١، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٤٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢١٩، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ١٢٧.\n(^٤) الوليد بن محمد الموقرى أبو بشر البلقاوى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٨/ ١٥٥، =","vol":"6","page":537},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِهِ. ورُوِىَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وجَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ﵃ - مِثلُ ما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في التَّكبيرِ عِندَ الغُدوِّ إلَى المُصَلَّى (^١).\n\n٦٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: كانوا في التَّكبيرِ في الفِطرِ أشَدَّ مِنهُم في الأضحَى (^٢).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ بإِسنادِه عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ أنَّهُم كانوا يُكَبِّرونَ لَيلَةَ الفِطرِ في المَسجِدِ يَجهَرونَ بهِ، وعن جَماعَةٍ مِنهُم جَهرَهُم به عِندَ الغُدوِّ إلَى المُصَلَّى (^٣).\n\n٦٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلَمةَ قال: خَرَجَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ فلَم يَرَهُم يُكَبِّرونَ فقالَ: ما لَهُم لا يُكَبِّرونَ؟ أما واللهِ فعَلوا ذَلِكَ، فقَد رأيتُنا في\n_________\n= والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٥، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ٧٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٧٦، وتهذيب التهذيب ١١/ ١٤٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٣٥: متروك.\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٦٣، ٥٦٦٨)، وشرح المشكل للطحاوى ١٤/ ٣٨، ٣٩، والأوسط لابن المنذر (٢٠٧٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٤٤ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. والفريابى في أحكام العيدين (٦٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٢٣١.","vol":"6","page":538},{"text":"العَسكَرِ ما يُرَى طَرَفاه، فيُكَبِّرُ الرَّجُلُ فيُكَبِّرُ الَّذِى يَليه حَتَّى يَرتَجَّ العَسكَرُ تَكبيرًا، وإِنَّ بَينَكُم وبَينَهُم كما بَينَ الأرضِ السُّفلَى إلَى السَّماءِ العُليا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1329>بابُ الخُروجِ في الأعيادِ إلَى المُصَلَّى</span>\n\n٦٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الأضحَى إلَى المُصَلَّى، فأَوَّلُ شَئٍ يَبدأُ به الصَّلاةُ، ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ فيَقومُ مُقابِلَ النّاسِ، والنّاسُ جُلوسٌ على صفوفِهِم، فيَعِظُهُم ويُوصيهِم ويأمُرُهُم، فإن كان يُريدُ أن يَقطَعَ بَعثًا قَطَعَه أو يأمُرَ بشَئٍ أمَرَ به، ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ. قال أبو سعيدٍ: فلَم يَزَلِ النّاسُ على ذَلِكَ حَتَّى خَرَجتُ مَعَ (^٢) مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ في أضحًى أو فِطرٍ، فلَّما أتَينا المُصَلَّى إذا مِنبَرٌ مِن لَبِنٍ قَد بَناه كَثيرُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، وإِذا مَرْوانُ يُريدُ أن يَرتَقيَه قَبلَ أن يُصَلِّىَ، فجَبَذتُ بيَدِه، فجَبَذَنِى وارتَقَى، فاجتَمَعَ النّاسُ فخَطَبَ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ، فقُلتُ له: غَيَّرتُم واللهِ. فقالَ: يا أبا سعيدٍ إنَّه قَد ذَهَبَ ما تَعلَمُه. فقُلتُ: ما أعلَمُ واللَّهِ خَيرٌ مِمّا لا أعلَمُ. قال: إنَّ النّاسَ لَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٤/ ٣٩ من طريق جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"على\".","vol":"6","page":539},{"text":"يَكونوا يَجلِسونَ لَنا بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ؛ فجَعَلناها قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1330>بابُ الزّينَةِ لِلعيدِ</span>\n\n٦٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: وجَدَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حُلَّةً مِن إستَبرَقٍ تُباعُ في السّوقِ فأَخَذَها، فأَتَى بها رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ابتَعْ هذه فتَجَمَّلْ بها لِلعيدِ ولِلوَفدِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هذه لِباسُ مَن لا خَلاقَ له (^٣) \". ولَبِثَ عُمَرُ ما شاءَ اللهُ أن يَلبَثَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجُبَّةِ ديباجٍ، فأَقبَلَ بها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حَتَّى أتَى بها رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ قُلتَ: \"إنَّما هذه لِباسُ مَن لا خَلاقَ لَهُ\". ثُمَّ أرسَلتَ إلَىَّ بهَذِه الجُبَّةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"تَبيعُها أو تُصيبُ بها حاجَتَكَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٨٩)، وسيأتي في (٦٢٧٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٥٦).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"في الآخرة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٥٧٤) من طريق الحكم بن نافع به. والبخاري (٣٠٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٨/ ٨)، وأبو داود (١٠٧٧)، والنسائي (١٥٥٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٩٤٨).","vol":"6","page":540},{"text":"٦٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَلبَسُ بُردَه الأحمَرَ في العيدَينِ والجُمُعَةِ (^١).\n\n٦٢٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَلبَسُ بُردَ حِبَرَةٍ (^٢) في كُلِّ عيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعتَمُّ في كُلِّ عيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسْفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٠٥١). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٦: حجاج لين.\n(^٢) برد حبرة: نوع من برود اليمن مخططة غالية الثمن. فتح الباري ١٣/ ١١٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٣. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٦: مع إرساله ضعيف.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"6","page":541},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن مُساوِرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: رأيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مُعتَمًّا قَد أرخَى عِمامَتَه مِن خَلفِهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٠٩ - قال إسماعيلُ: وحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن ابنِ (^٤) أبى رَزينٍ قال: شَهِدتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يَومَ عيدٍ مُعتَمًّا قَد أرخَى عِمامَتَه مِن خَلفِه، والناسُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\nكَذا قال، وقيلَ: عن إسماعيلَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن أبي رَزينٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا.\n\n٦٢١٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ السَّكُونِىُّ يَعنِى الوَليدَ بنَ شُجاعٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٠٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٩/ ٤٥٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٥٥).\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٣، م.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٥٥).","vol":"6","page":542},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن أبي رَزينٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: شَهِدتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يَومَ عيدٍ فرأيتُه مُعتَمًّا قَد أرخَى عِمامَتَه، والناسُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٦٢١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُغَلِّسِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو هَمّامٍ يَعنِى السَّكونِىَّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَزينٌ بَيّاعُ الأنماطِ، عن الأصبَغِ بنِ نُباتَةَ قال: رأيتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - خَرَجَ يَومَ العيدِ مُعتَمًّا يَمشِى، ومَعَه نَحوٌ مِن أربَعَةِ آلافٍ يَمشونَ مُعتَمّينَ.\nتابَعَه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ، هَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٦٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَلبَسُ في العيدَينِ أحسَنَ ثيابِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1331>بابُ المَشىِ إلَى العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ حَسّانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٧: إسماعيل واه في غير الشاميين.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٩). والبغوى في شرح السنة ٤/ ٣٠٢ عن نافع عن ابن عمر.","vol":"6","page":543},{"text":"نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الأضحَى يَخرُجُ ماشيًا، وتُحمَلُ بَينَ يَدَيه الحَرْبَةُ، ثُمَّ تُنصَبُ بَينَ يَدَيه في الصَّلاةِ؛ يَتَّخِذُها سُترَةً، وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن تُبنَى الدُّورُ في المُصَلَّى. قال: وفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بعَرَفَةَ.\nقَولُه: ماشيًا. غَريبٌ لَم أكتُبْه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ إلَّا بهَذا الإِسناد، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ، فأمّا سائرُ ألفاظِه فمَشهورَةٌ.\n\n٦٢١٤ - ورُوِىَ في حَديثِ سَعدِ القَرَظِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَخرُجُ ماشيًا ويَرجِعُ ماشيًا. أَخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن آبائه. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٦٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا [أبو الحُسَينِ] (^٢) أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ ومُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن يَمشِىَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى المُصَلَّى (^٣).\n\n٦٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وأبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، عن شَريكٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٦٢١، ١٦٢٢. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٦: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٩٦) من طريق زهير به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٧٢).","vol":"6","page":544},{"text":"أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن تأتِىَ العيدَ ماشيًا. زادَ أبو داودَ في حَديثِه: ثُمَّ تَركَبَ إذا رَجَعتَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1332>بابُ الغُدوِّ إلَى العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خُمَيرٍ الرَّحَبِىُّ قال: خَرَجَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُسرٍ صاحِبُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَعَ النّاسِ يَومَ عيدِ فِطرٍ أو أضحًى، فأَنكَرَ إبطاءَ الإمامِ وقالَ: إنّا كُنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قَد فرَغنا ساعَتَنا هذه. وذَلِكَ حينَ التَّسبيحِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُوَيرِثِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ وهو بنَجرانَ: \"عَجِّلِ الأضحَى، وأَخِّرِ الفِطرَ، وذَكِّرِ النّاسَ\" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد طَلَبتُه في سائرِ الرِّواياتِ بكِتابِه إلَى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فلَم أجِدْه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٤٩) عن شريك به. وعبد الرزاق (٥٦٦٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣١٧) من طريق صفوان به. وسيأتي في (١٩١٤٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٨)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (١١٠٣) من طريق أبى العباس به. وعبد الرزاق (٥٦٥١) عن ابن أبي يحيى وإبراهيم بن محمد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٨: واه.","vol":"6","page":545},{"text":"واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٢١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ أنَّ الحَسَنَ كان يقولُ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَغدو إلَى الأضحَى والفِطرِ حينَ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ فَيَتَتامُّ طُلوعُها (^١). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ، وشاهِدُه عَمَلُ المُسلِمينَ بذَلِكَ أو بما يَقرُبُ مِنه مُؤَخَّرًا عَنه.\n\n٦٢٢٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنْ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أَنَ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وقالَ فيه: \"إذا صَلَّيتَ الصُّبحَ فأَقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ؛ فإنَّها تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ، ثُمَّ الصَّلاةُ مَشهودَةٌ مَحضورَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى يَنتَصِفَ النَّهارُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1333>بابُ الأكلِ يَومَ الفِطرِ قَبلَ الغُدوِّ</span>\n\n٦٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ لَفظًا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ حَمدانَ لَفظًا وهو أخو أبى عمرِو ابنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ السَّرِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٥٥٠)، وأبو يعلى (٦٥٨١) من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به. وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٨: إسناده صالح. وتقدم في (٤٤٤٤)، وسيأتي في (٦٢٩٧).","vol":"6","page":546},{"text":"سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يَغدُو يَومَ الفِطرِ حَتَّى يأكُلَ تَمَراتٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهْرانِىُّ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٢٢ - ورَواه عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ الواسِطِىُّ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُفطِرُ يَومَ الفِطرِ على تَمَراتٍ قَبلَ أن يَغدوَ. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٥)، وقد أكَّدَ (^٦) محمد بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ ما أخرَجَه برِوايَةِ مُرَجَّإِ (^٧) بنِ رَجاءٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ ابنِ (^٨) أنَسٍ (^٩).\n\n٦٢٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧١١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٥٤) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٤٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٤٣) من طريق هشيم به، وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٢٥)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٨١٣).\n(^٦) في ص ٣، م: \"أكثر\".\n(^٧) كذا جاء ضبطه في البخاري مهموزًا، وضبطه في الفتح ٢/ ٤٤٧: مُرَجَّى بوزن مُعَلَّى.\n(^٨) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٩) البخاري معلقًا عقب حديث (٩٥٣).","vol":"6","page":547},{"text":"الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا مُرَجَّأُ بنُ رَجاءٍ اليَشكُرِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَخرُجُ يَومَ الفِطرِ حَتَّى يأكُلَ تَمَراتٍ، ويأكُلُهُنَّ وِترًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُتبَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الضَّبِّىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ:\n\n٦٢٢٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا عُتبَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: ما خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ فِطرٍ حَتَّى يأكُلَ تَمَراتٍ؛ ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو سَبعًا، أو أقَل مِن ذَلِكَ أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ، وِترًا (^٢).\nومِمّا يُؤَكِّدُ صِحَّةَ ما اختارَه البخاريُّ ﵀ رِوايَةُ سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الحديثَ عن هُشَيمٍ بالإِسنادينِ جَميعًا:\n\n٦٢٢٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَغدُو يَومَ الفِطرِ حَتَّى يَطعَمَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٢٩) من طريق أبى النضر به. وأحمد (١٢٢٦٨) من طريق مرجأ به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٨١٤) من طريق مالك بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٢٢٢).","vol":"6","page":548},{"text":"٦٢٢٦ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١).\n\n٦٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ النَّهْدِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن يَطعَمَ الرَّجُلُ يَومَ الفِطرِ قَبلَ أن يَخرُجَ إلَى المُصَلَّى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1334>بابٌ: يَترُكُ الأكلَ يَومَ النَّحرِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ</span>\n\n٦٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ثَوابُ بنُ عُتبَةَ (^٣) (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ثَوابُ بنُ عُتبَةَ المَهْرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَخرُجُ يَومَ الفِطرِ حَتَّى يَطعَمَ، ولا يأكُلُ يَومَ النَّحرِ حَتَّى يَذبَحَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى عاصِمٍ: حَتَّى يَرجِعَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٢٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٢٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"عتيبة\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٨٤٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٢٦) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (٢٢٩٨٣)، والترمذي (٥٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٨١٢) من طريق ثواب به. وقال الترمذي: غريب. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٩: ثواب قواه ابن معين ولينه أبو زرعة.","vol":"6","page":549},{"text":"٦٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مسلم يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ثَوابُ بنُ عُتبَةَ المَهْرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: حَتَّى يَرجِعَ فيأكُلَ مِن أُضحيَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٦٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ بَحرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان يَومُ الفِطرِ لَم يَخرُجْ حَتَّى يأكُلَ شَيئًا، وإِذا كان الأضحَى لَم يأكُلْ شَيئًا حَتَّى يَرجِعَ، وكانَ إذا رَجَعَ أكَلَ مِن كَبِدِ أُضحيَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَومَ الأضحَى يَخرُجُ إلَى المُصَلَّى ولا يَطعَمُ شَيئًا.\n\n٦٢٣٢ - حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كان المُسلِمونَ يأكُلونَ يَومَ الفِطرِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ، ولا يَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٨٤) من طريق عقبة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢١٩: لم يتابع عليه، وظنى أن عقبة هو ابن عتبة المذكور قبله، غلط في اسمه.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه مالك ١/ ١٧٩ عن ابن شهاب بمعناه.","vol":"6","page":550},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1335>بابُ مَن أكَلَ يَومَ النَّحرِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٦٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ جَزَرَةُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميد وأبو الأحوَصِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الأضحَى بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاتَنا ونَسَكَ نُسُكَنا فقَد أصابَ النُّسُكَ، ومَن نَسَكَ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ فشاتُه شاةُ لَحمٍ ولا نُسُكَ له\". فقالَ أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ خالُ البَراءِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فإِنِّى نَسَكتُ شاتِى قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ، وعَرَفتُ أنَّ اليَومَ يَومُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ، وأَحبَبتُ أن تَكونَ شاتِى أوَّلَ شَئٍ يُذبَحُ في بَيتِى، فذَبَحتُ شاتِى وتَغَذَيتُ قَبلَ أن آتِىَ الصَّلاةَ. قال: \"شاتُكَ شاةُ لَحمٍ\". فقال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فإِنَّ عِندَنا عَناقًا لنا جَذَعَةً (^١) هِىَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن شاتَينِ، أفَتَجزِى عَنِّى؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ولَن تَجزِىَ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) العناق هي الأنثى من المعز إذا قويت ما لم تستكمل سنة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٣/ ١١٣، والجذعة من الغنم ما أتمت سنة وبدأت في الثانية، وربما أجذعت قبل تمام السنة للخصب، فيسرع إجذاعها. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٣٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٠٠)، والنسائي (١٥٨٠)، وابن حبان (٥٩١٠) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وابن خزيمة (١٤٢٧) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٨٤٨١)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٧) من طريق منصور به. وأحمد (١٨٦٣٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٠١)، والترمذي (١٥٠٨)، والنسائي (٤٤٠٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٦) من طريق الشعبي به.","vol":"6","page":551},{"text":"عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وكَذَلِكَ مسلمٌ، إلَّا أنَّهُما لَم يَذكُرا أبا الأحوَصِ عن عثمانَ، وقَد رَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هَنّادٍ وقُتَيبَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن أبي الأحوَصِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1336>بابُ لا أذانَ لِلعيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وعن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: لَم يَكُنْ يُؤَذَّنُ يَومَ الفِطرِ ولا يَومَ الأضحَى. ثُمَّ سألتُه بَعدَ حينٍ عن ذَلِكَ، فأَخبَرَنِى قال: أخبرَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ أن لا أذانَ لِلصَّلاةِ يَومَ الفِطرِ حينَ يَخرُجُ الإمامُ، ولا بَعدَ ما يَخرُجُ، ولا إقامَةَ ولا نِداءَ [ولا شَئَ، لا نِداءَ] (^٢) يَومَئذٍ ولا إقامَةَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مُختَصرًا مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٩٥٥، ٩٨٣)، ومسلم (١٩٦١/. . .).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٥٦٢٧)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٠٨٩)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (١٩٩١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٨٦/ ٥)، والبخاري (٩٦٠).","vol":"6","page":552},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ أرسَلَه إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أوَّلَ ما بويِعَ: إنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يُؤَذَّنُ لِلصَّلاةِ يَومَ الفِطرِ، فلا تُؤَذِّنْ لَها. فلَم يُؤَذِّنْ لَها ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ، وأَرسَلَ إلَيه مَعَ ذَلِكَ: إنَّما الخُطبَةُ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ، وإِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَد كان يُفعَلُ. قال: فصَلَّى ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - العيدَ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ ولا مَرَّتَينِ بغَيرِ أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥٦٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٦/ ٦)، والبخاري (٩٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٤٧)، وأبو داود (١١٥٠)، والترمذي (٥٣٢)، وابن حبان (٢٨١٩) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٨٧/ ٧).","vol":"6","page":553},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1337>بابُ حَملِ العَنَزَةِ أوِ الحَربَةِ بَينَ يَدَىِ الإمامِ يَومَ العيدِ ثُمَّ نَصبِها لَيُصَلِّىَ إلَيها، إذا لَم يَكُنْ في المُصَلَّى سُترَةٌ</span>\n\n٦٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ الجَرْجَرائىُّ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَغدو إلَى المُصَلَّى فى يَومِ العيدِ والعَنَزَةُ تُحمَلُ بَينَ يَدَيه، فإِذا بَلَغَ إلَى المُصَلَّى نُصِبَت بَينَ يَدَيه العَنَزَةُ فيُصَلِّى إلَيها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي حَسّانَ، حدثنا دُحَيم، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ إلَى المُصَلَّى في الأضحَى والفِطرِ جِئَ بالعَنَزَةِ بَينَ يَدَيه حَتَّى تُركَزَ في المُصَلَّى فيُصَلِّىَ إلَيها، وذَلِك أنَّ المُصَلَّى كان فضاءً، لَيسَ شَئٌ مَبنِىٌّ يُستَتَرُ به، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بالعَنَزَةِ فتُركَزُ بَينَ يَدَيه فيُصَلِّى إلَيها.\n\n٦٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٠٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والنسائي (١٥٦٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٧٣).","vol":"6","page":554},{"text":"حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا خَرَجَ يَومَ العيدِ أمَرَ بالحَربَةِ فتوضَعُ بَينَ يَدَيه، فيُصَلِّى إلَيها والنّاسُ وراءَه، وكانَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في السَّفَرِ، فمِن ثَمَّ اتَّخَذَها الأُمَراءُ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن مَكحولٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّما كانَتِ الحَربَةُ تُحمَلُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأنَّه كان يُصلِّى إلَيها (^٣). ورُوِّينا عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا أنَّه نَهَى أن يُخرَجَ يَومَ العيدِ بالسِّلاحِ (^٤)، ورُوِّينا في كِتابِ الحَجِّ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^٥)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1338>بابُ التَّكبيرِ في صَلاةِ العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعلَى الثَّقَفِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَبَّرَ في العيدَينِ يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الأضحَى سَبعًا وخَمسًا، في الأولَى سَبعًا وفِي\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٥٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠١/ ٢٤٥)، والبخاري (٤٩٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦٣)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٦٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٦٦٨)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٦٥).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٩٧٨٣، ٩٧٨٤).","vol":"6","page":555},{"text":"الآخِرَةِ خَمسًا سِوَى تَكبيرَةِ الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٦٢٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطّائفِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"التَّكبيرُ في الفِطرِ سَبعٌ في الأُولَى وخَمسٌ في الآخِرَةِ، والقِراءَةُ بَعدَهُما كِلتاهُما\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ (^٣) ووَكيعٌ (^٤) وأبو عاصِمٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٥) وأبو نُعَيمٍ (^٦) عن عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على خَطإِ رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَيّانَ عن عبدِ اللهِ الطّائفِىِّ في هَذا الحديثِ سَبعًا في الأُولَى وأَربَعًا في الثانيةِ (^٧).\n\n٦٢٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧١٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٤٧ من طريق الفحام به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٤٣ من طريق الزبيرى به. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٢/ ٢١٧: قال ابن القطان في كتابه: والطائفى - عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن - هذا ضعفه جماعة منهم ابن معين. وقال النووي في الخلاصة: قال الترمذي في العلل: سألت البخاري عنه فقال: هو صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١٥١). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٧٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٨٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٤٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٢٦٢)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٤٨.\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٥٢).","vol":"6","page":556},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُكَبِّرُ في العيدَينِ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى بسَبعِ تَكبيراتٍ، وفِي الثّانيَةِ خَمسَ تَكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ عن كَثيرٍ (^٢).\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: لَيسَ في هَذا البابِ شَئٌ أصَحُّ مِن هَذا، وبِه أقولُ. قال: وحَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطَّائفِىِّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه في هَذا البَابِ، هو صَحيحٌ أيضًا (^٣).\n\n٦٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُكَبِّرُ في العيدَينِ في الأُولَى سَبعَ تَكبيراتٍ، وفِي الثّانيَةِ خَمسَ تَكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٣٩) من طريق ابن أبي أويس.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٥٣٦). وقال: حسن، وهو أحسن شيء في هذا الباب روى عن النبي - ﷺ -. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٢٢: حديث ابن عوف حسنه (ت)، وقد قال الشافعي في كثير: ركن من أركان الكذب. وتركه غيره.\n(^٣) العلل (١٥٣، ١٥٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٦٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"6","page":557},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا قُتَيبَةُ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن عُقَيلٍ (^١).\n\n٦٢٤٤ - ورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَبَّرَ في الفِطرِ والأضحَى سَبعًا وخَمسًا سِوَى تَكبيرَةِ الرُّكوعِ (^٢). قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: هَذا هو المَحفوظُ؛ لأنَّ ابنَ وهبٍ قَديمُ السَّماعِ مِن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ.\n\n٦٢٤٥ - ورَواه أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: بَلَغَنا عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٦٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الزُّبَيدِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ قَرَظٍ أنَّ أباه وعُمومَتَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٤٩). وليس فيه: \"قبل القراءة\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠١٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٩٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٥٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٠٩) عن يحيى بن إسحاق به. وابن ماجه (١٢٨٠) من طريق ابن لهيعة عن خالد وعقيل به.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"6","page":558},{"text":"أخبَروه عن أبيهِم سَعدِ بنِ قَرَظٍ، أنَّ السُّنَّةَ في صَلاةِ الأضحَى والفِطرِ أن يُكَبِّرَ الإمامُ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى سَبعَ تَكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ، ويُكَبِّرَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ خَمسَ تكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ (^١).\n\n٦٢٤٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى الزُّهرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدٍ المُؤَذِّنُ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن آبائهِم، عن أجدادِهِم، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ فى العيدَينِ؛ فى الأُولَى سَبعًا وفِي الآخِرَةِ خَمسًا، وكانَ يُكَبِّرُ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ، وذَهبَ ماشيًا ورَجَعَ ماشيًا (^٢).\n\n٦٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان أبو هريرةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: شَهِدتُ الأضحَى والفِطرَ مَعَ أبي هريرةَ، فكَبَّرَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٢٢٥٥)، والطبراني في الكبير (٥٤٤٩) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١٦٤٧)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٤٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن سعد به.","vol":"6","page":559},{"text":"سَبعَ تكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ، وفِي الآخِرَةِ خَمسَ تكبيراتٍ قَبلَ القِراءَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ مالكٍ، وحَديثُ شُعَيبٍ بمَعناه، وزادَ في رِوايَتِه: وهِيَ السُّنَّةُ. وزادَ في أوَّلِه استِخلافَ (^١) مَرْوانَ إيّاه على المَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا زائدَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يُكَبِّرُ في العيدَينِ ثِنتَى عَشْرَةَ تكبيرَةً؛ سَبعٌ في الأولَى وخَمسٌ في الآخِرَةِ (^٣). هَذا إسنادٌ صحيحٌ.\nوقَد قيلَ فيه عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ: ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ تكبيرةً؛ سَبعٌ في الأولَى وسِتٌّ في الآخِرَةِ (^٤). فكأنَّه عَدَّ تكبيرَةَ القيامِ.\n\n٦٢٥٠ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ يَعنِى الطَّويلَ، عن عَمّارٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَبَّرَ في العيدِ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى سَبعًا ثُمَّ قرأَ، وكَبَّرَ في الثّانيَةِ خَمسًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"استخلف\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧١٩)، وفي المعرفة (١٩٠٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٦، ومالك في ١/ ٨٠، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٢٢) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٤٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٢٧ من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٠٣). وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٢٤) من طريق حميد به.","vol":"6","page":560},{"text":"٦٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ مَعَ (^١) عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ العيدَ، فكبَّرَ في الأُولَى سَبعًا قَبلَ القِراءَةِ، وفي الثّانيَةِ خَمسًا قَبلَ القِراءَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1339>باب ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِي رُوِىَ في التَّكبيِر أربَعًا</span>\n\n٦٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ وابنُ أبي زيد -المَعنَى قَريبٌ- قالا: حدثنا زَيدُ ابنُ حُبابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، عن مَكحولٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو عائشةَ جَليسٌ لأبِي هريرةَ، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ العاصِ سألَ أبا موسَى وحُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ: كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُكَبِّرُ في الأضحَى والفِطرِ؟ فقالَ أبو موسَى: كان يُكَبِّرُ أربَعًا؛ تَكبيرَه على الجَنائزِ. فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: صَدَقَ. وقالَ أبو موسَى: كَذَلِكَ كُنتُ أُكَبِّرُ بالبَصرَةِ حَيثُ كُنتُ عَلَيهِم. قال: وقالَ أبو عائشةَ: وأَنا حاضِرٌ لِسَعيدِ بنِ العاصِ (^٣).\nقَد خولِفَ راوِى هَذا الحديثِ في مَوضِعَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما في رَفعِه، والآخَرُ في جَوابِ أبى موسَى. والمَشهورُ في هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّهُم أسنَدوا أمرَهُم إلَى ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: ص ٣، وفي المهذب ٣/ ١٢٢٣: شهدت عمر بن عبد العزيز في العيد. وفي النسخة الأصل عندنا بدون قوله: \"مع\". وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٦٩) من طريق ثابت به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٣٤) عن زيد بن الحباب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٢٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"6","page":561},{"text":"مَسعودٍ، فأَفتاه ابنُ مَسعودٍ بذَلِكَ ولَم يُسنِدْه إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. كَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىُّ عن عبدِ الله بنِ موسَى أوِ ابنِ أبي موسَى، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ العاصِ أرسَلَ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ وحُذَيفَةَ وأَبِى موسَى فسألَهُم عن التَّكبيرِ في العيدِ، فأَسنَدوا أمرَهُم إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ، فقالَ: تكَبِّرُ أربَعًا قَبلَ القِراءَةِ ثُمّ تَقرأُ، فإِذا فرَغتَ كَبَّرتَ فرَكَعتَ، ثُمَّ تَقومُ في الثّانيَةِ فتَقرأُ، فإِذا فرَغتَ كَبَّرتَ أربَعًا (^١). وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ هو ابنُ ثابِتِ بنِ ثَوبانَ ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٢)، قال: وكانَ رَجُلًا صالِحًا (^٣). ورَواه النُّعمانُ بنُ المُنذِرِ عن مَكحولٍ عن رسولِ أبى موسَى وحُذَيفَةَ عَنهُما عن الرسولِ -ﷺ- ولَم يُسَمِّ الرَّسولَ، وقالَ: سِوَى تكبيرَةِ الافتِتاحِ (^٤) والرُّكوعِ (^٥).\n\n٦٢٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُحمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَر، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن كُردوسٍ قال: قَدِمَ سعيدُ بنُ العاصِ قَبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٤٥)، والطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٤٨، والطبراني (٩٥٢١) من طريق أبي إسحاق وعند الطبراني: ابن أبى موسى عن أبيه ...\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدارمي (٤٩٨). وقال في رواية الدورى (٥٣٠٧): ليس به بأس.\n(^٣) عبد الرحمن بن ثابت بن ثوبان. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٥/ ٢٦٥، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢١٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٩٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ١٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ١٥٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٧٤: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"الإحرام\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٤٦، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٩٠١) من طريق النعمان به. وقال المصنف: هذا الرسول مجهول غير مسمى في هذه الرواية.","vol":"6","page":562},{"text":"الأضحَى، فأَرسَلَ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وإِلَى أبي موسَى وإِلَى أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ فسألَهُم عن التَّكبيرِ. قال: فقَذَفوا بالمَقاليدِ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: تَقومُ فتُكَبِّرُ أربَعَ تَكبيراتٍ، ثُمَّ تَقرأُ، ثُمَّ تَركَعُ في الخامِسَةِ، ثُمَّ تَقومُ فتَقرأُ، ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ أربَعَ تَكَبيراتٍ تَركَعُ (^١) بالرّابِعَةِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسْفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّسْتُوائيِّ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: التَّكبيرُ في العيدَينِ خَمسٌ في الأُولَى وأَربَعٌ في الثّانيَةِ (^٣).\nوهَذا رأىٌ مِن جِهَةِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁-، والحَديثُ المُسنَدُ مَعَ ما عَلَيه مِن عَمَلِ المُسلِمينَ أولَى أن يُتَّبَعَ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1340>بابُ يأتِي بدُعاءِ الافتِتاحِ عَقِيبَ تَكبيَرةِ الافتِتاحِ، ثُمَّ يَقِفُ بَيَن كُلِّ تَكبيرَتَينِ يُهَلِّلَ اللهَ تَعالَى ويُكَبِّرُه ويَحمَدُه ويُصَلِّى على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ</span>-\n\n٦٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"فتركع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٥٢) من طريق معبد به. والطبراني (٩٥١٤) من طريق كردوسر به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٢٠٤: ورجاله موثقون.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٤٣) بسنده إلى ابن مسعود نحوه. وذكره الترمذي عقب ٥٣٦).","vol":"6","page":563},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ وأَبا موسَى وحُذَيفَةَ خَرَجَ إلَيهِمُ الوَليدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ قَبلَ العيدِ فقالَ لَهُم: إنَّ هَذا العيدَ قَد دَنا، فكَيفَ التَّكبيرُ فيهِ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: تَبدأُ فتُكَبِّرُ تَكبيرَةً تَفتَتِحُ بها الصَّلاةَ، وتَحمَدُ رَبَّكَ وتُصَلِّى على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ تَدعُو، وتُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمّ تَقرأُ وتَركَعُ، ثُمَّ تَقومُ فتَقرأُ وتَحمَدُ رَبَّكَ وتُصَلِّى على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ تَدعو، ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمّ تُكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمّ تكَبِّرُ وتَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nوهَذا مِن قَولِ عبدِ الله بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- مَوقوفٌ عَلَيه، فنُتابِعُه في الوُقوفِ بَينَ كُلِّ تَكبيرَتَينِ لِلذِّكرِ إذ (^٢) لَم يُروَ خِلافُه عن غَيرِه، ونُخالِفُه في عَدَدِ التَّكبيراتِ وتَقديمِهِنَّ على القِراءَةِ في الرَّكعَتَينِ جَميعًا بحَديثِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ فِعلِ أهلِ الحَرَمَينِ وعَمَلِ المُسلِمينَ إلَى يَومِنا هَذا، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٦٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَحمودٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عِمرانَ الأخْبارِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عباسٍ (^٣) النّارَ موسِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ عاصِمٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٤٨ من طريق هشام به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٣١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"إذا\".\n(^٣) في م: \"عياش\".","vol":"6","page":564},{"text":"مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أن يُكَبِّرَ لِلصَّلاةِ في العيدَينِ سَبعًا وخَمسًا، يَذكُرُ اللهَ ما بَينَ كُلِّ تَكبيرَتَينِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1341>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في تَكبيِر العيدِ</span>\n\n٦٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ وأبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سلَمةَ العَنَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- إذا قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى إذا كانَتا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وهُما كَذَلِكَ ورَكَعَ، وإِذا أرادَ أن يَرفَعَ صُلْبَه (^٢) رَفَعَهُما حَتَّى يَكونا حَذوَ مَنكِبَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". ثُمَّ يَسجُدُ ولا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في السُّجودِ، ويَرفَعُهُما في كُلِّ تَكبيرَةٍ يُكَبِّرُها قَبلَ الرُّكوعِ حَتَّى تَنقَضىَ صَلاتُه (^٣).\n\n٦٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زَكَريَّا، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بكرِ بنِ سوادَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ﵁ كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه مَعَ كُلِّ تَكبيرَةٍ في الجِنازَةِ والعيدَينِ (^٤). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٧٥٣) عن جابر موقوفًا بلفظ: تسع تكبيرات، ويوالى بين القراءتين. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٢٤: ابن عاصم ضعيف.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، ص ٣، م.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٣٣٤، ٢٣٣٥، ٢٣٤٣، ٢٥٧٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٣٢) من طريقه ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"6","page":565},{"text":"بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ عن أبى زُرعَةَ اللَّخمِىِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه في صَلاةِ العيدَينِ.\n\n٦٢٥٩ - ورُوِّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في كُلِّ تَكبيرَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَمكُثُ هُنَيهَةً، ثُمَّ يَحمَدُ اللهَ ويُصَلَّى على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمّ يُكَبِّرُ. يَعنِى في العيدِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ العَدَنِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1342>بابُ القِراءَةِ في العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ضَمْرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ المازِنِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- سألَ أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىَّ: ما كان يَقرأُ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الأضحَى والفِطرِ؟ فقالَ: كان يَقرأُ فيهِما بـ ﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ﴾ [ق: ١]، و﴿اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ﴾ [القمر: ١] (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٦٩٩) عن ابن جريج بنحوه به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٠٤)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٧، ومالك ١/ ١٨٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٨٩٦)، وأبو داود (١١٥٤)، والترمذي (٥٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٢٠). والترمذي (٥٣٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٨٢) من طريق حمزة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٩١/ ١٤).","vol":"6","page":566},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ: هَذا ثابِتٌ إن كان عُبَيدُ اللهِ لَقِىَ أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىَّ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهذا لأنَّ عُبَيدَ اللهِ لَم يُدرِكْ أيّامَ عُمَرَ ومَسأَلَتَه إيّاه، وبِهَذِه العِلَّةِ تَرَكَ البخارىُّ إخراجَ هَذا الحديثِ في \"الصحيح\". وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ لأنَّ فُلَيحَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ رَواه عن ضَمْرَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن أبى واقِدٍ قال: سألَنِى عُمَرُ -﵁-. فصارَ الحَديثُ بذَلِكَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٦٢٦١ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجٌ (^١)، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن ضَمْرَةَ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبى واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ قال: سألَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: بِمَ قرأَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- في يَومِ العيدِ؟ فقُلتُ: بـ ﴿اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ﴾ و﴿ق وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ (١)﴾ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"عمرة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٤٠) من طريق سريج به، وعند ابن خزيمة: شريح بن النعمان. وأحمد (٢١٩١١)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٥٥١) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٩١/ ١٥).","vol":"6","page":567},{"text":"٦٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ هو السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن أبيه، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- كان يَقرأُ في العيدَينِ ويَومِ الجُمُعَةِ بـ ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ [الأعلى: ١]. و﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ [الغاشية: ١]. ورُبَّما اجتَمَعا في يَومٍ واحِدٍ فقَرأَ بهِما (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ قَولَه: ورُبَّما اجتَمَعا ... إلَى آخِرِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَقرأُ في العيدَينِ بـ ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ و﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَيسَ هَذا مَعَ حَديثِ أبى واقِدٍ مِنَ اختِلافِ الحديثِ، ولَكِن هَذا يَحكِى قِراءَةً كانَت في عيدٍ، وهَذا يَحكِى قِراءَةً كانَت في عيدٍ غَيرِه، وقَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٠٥)، والطيالسى (٨٣٢)، وأبو داود (١١٢٢). وأخرجه الترمذى (٥٣٣)، والنسائي (١٥٦٧)، وابن حبان (٢٨٢١) من طريق قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٨٤٠٩) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وتقدم في (٥٧٩١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٧٨/ ...).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٦١) من طريق المسعردى به. وتقدم في (٥٧٩٢).","vol":"6","page":568},{"text":"كانَت أعيادٌ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فيَكونُ هَذا صادِقًا أنَّه قرأَ بما ذَكَرَ في العيدِ، ويَكونُ غَيرُه صادِقًا أنَّه قرأَ بما ذَكَرَ في العيدِ. قالَه الشافِعِي ﵀ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1343>بابُ الجَهرِ بالقِراءَةِ في العيدَينِ</span>\nوذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في حِكايَةِ مَن حَكَى عنه قِراءَةَ السورَتَينِ\n\n٦٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الخطابِ بنِ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: يُسمِعُ مَن يَليه في العيدَينِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ شِهابٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ هو ابنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى قَيسٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: الجَهرُ في صَلاةِ العيدَينِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، والخُروجُ في العيدَينِ إلَى الجَبّانَةِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1344>باب صَلاةِ العيدَينِ رَكعَتانِ</span>\n\n٦٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٤٤ عقب حديث (١٩٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨١٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أبو جعفر الرزاز (٤١٤/ ١٧٥). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٠٤١) من طريق محمد بن سعيد بدون الشطر الثاني. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٢٠٤: والحارث ضعيف.","vol":"6","page":569},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ وأبو عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ يَومَ الفِطرِ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لَم يُصَلِّ قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، ثُمّ أتَى النِّساءَ ومَعَه بلالٌ فأَمَرَهُنَّ بالصَّدَقَةِ، فجَعَلَتِ المَرأَةُ تُلقِى خُرْصَها (^١) وسِخابَها (^٢). [لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ] (^٣) (^٤). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥). وقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحديثِ: يَومَ أضحًى أو فِطرٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1345>بابُ يَبدأُ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ</span>\n\n٦٢٦٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسفَ (^٦) الأصبهانِىُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قال: شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ عيدٍ، فبَدأَ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ بغَيرِ أذانٍ ولا\n_________\n(^١) الخرص: الحلق. المصباح المنير ص ٦٤ (خ ر ص).\n(^٢) السخاب: كل قلادة كانت ذات جوهر أو لم تكن. تاج العروس ٣/ ٤٥ (س خ ب).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: لفظهما سواء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٥٩) عن حفص بن عمر الحوضى به. وأحمد (٣١٥٣)، والترمذى (٥٣٧)، والنسائي (١٥٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٩١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٣٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٦٢٩٤)، وليس عند ابن ماجه ذكر صلاة العيد.\n(^٥) البخارى (٩٨٩)، ومسلم (٨٤٤/ ...).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"أحمد\". وهو عبد الله بن يوسف بن أحمد. تقدمت ترجمته في (٩).","vol":"6","page":570},{"text":"إقامَةٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ مُتَوَكَئًا على بلالٍ، فأَمَرَ النّاسَ بتَقوَى الله وحَثَّهُم على طاعَتِه، ووَعَظَهُم وذَكَّرَهُم، ثُمَّ مَضَى مُتَوَكِّئًا على بلالٍ حَتَّى أتَى النِّساءَ، فأَمَرَهُنَّ بتَقوَى اللهِ وحَثَّهُنَّ على طاعَتِه، ووَعَظَهُنَّ وذَكَّرَهُنَّ وقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقنَ فإِنَّ أكثَرَكُنَّ حَطَبُ جَهَنَّمَ\". قال: فقامتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُنَّ مِن سَفِلَةِ (^١) النِّساءِ سَفعاءُ (^٢) الخَدَّينِ فقالَت: ولِمَ ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لأنَّكُنَّ تُكثِرنَ اللَّعنَ وتَكفُرنَ العَشيرَ\". فجَعَلنَ يَنزِعنَ مِن قُرُطِهِنَّ وقَلائدِهِنَّ وخَواتِمِهِنَّ فيَقذِفنَه في ثَوبِ بلالٍ يَتَصَدَّقنَ بهِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃-، وكُلُّهُم يُصَلّيها قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ ثُمَّ يَخطُبُ بَعدُ. قال: فنَزَلَ نَبِىُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه حينَ يُجلِسُ الرِّجالَ بيَدِه، ثُمّ أقبَلَ يَشُقُّهُم حَتَّى أتَى النِّساءَ ومَعَه بلالٌ، فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا\n_________\n(^١) السفلة: السقاط من الناس. النهاية ٢/ ٣٧٦. ومعنى السقاط أنها من غير عليه النساء كما جاء وصفها بذلك عند ابن أبى شيبة (٩٨٩٣).\n(^٢) سفعاء: فيها تغير وسواد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٧٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٢١) عن إسحاق به. والنسائى (١٥٦١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٠) من طريق عبد الملك به. وسيأتى في (٦٢٧٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٨٥/ ٤). وعنده: \"سطة\". مكان \"سفلة\". والسطة: الوسط، أي جالسة وسط النساء. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٧٥.","vol":"6","page":571},{"text":"جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ﴾ الآية [الممتحنة: ١٢]، ثُمَّ قال حينَ فرَغَ مِنها: \"أنتُنَّ على ذَلِكَ؟ \". فقالَتِ امرأةٌ واحِدَةٌ لَم يُجِبْه غَيرُها: نَعَم يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصمٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه هو ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختِيانِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أشهَدُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه صَلَّى قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ يَومَ العيدِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ، فرأى أنَّه لَم يُسمِعِ النِّساءَ، فأَتاهُنَّ فذَكَّرَهُنَّ ووَعَظَهُنَّ، وأَمَرَهُنَّ بالصَّدَقَةِ، ومَعَه بلالٌ قائلٌ بثَوبِه هَكَذا، فجَعَلَتِ المَرأَةُ تُلقِى الخُرصَ والشَّئَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن أيّوبَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧١)، وأبو داود (١١٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى في (٦٢٧٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٨٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٩٧٩)، ومسلم (٨٨٤/ ١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٠٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٢)، والنسائي (١٥٦٨)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٣) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (١١٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٣٧) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٨٤/ ١)، والبخارى (٢٥٩٣).","vol":"6","page":572},{"text":"٦٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدَةُ (^١) وأبو أُسامَةَ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- كانوا يُصَلُّونَ العيدَينِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أبيه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ. وعن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: أخرَجَ مَرْوانُ المِنبَرَ في يَومِ عيدٍ وبَدأَ بالخُطبَةِ قَبلَ الصلاةِ، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا مَرْوانُ خالَفتَ السُّنَّةَ؛ أخرَجتَ المِنبَرَ في يَومِ عيدٍ ولَم يَكُنْ يُخرَجُ به، وبَدأتَ بالخُطبَةِ قَبلَ الصلاةِ ولَم يَكُنْ يُبدأُ بها. قال: فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أبو عبيدة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٠٢)، والنسائي (١٥٦٣) من طريق عبدة به. والترمذي (٥٣١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٦) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وابن حبان (٢٨٢٦) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٩٦٣)، ومسلم (٨٨٨/ ٨).","vol":"6","page":573},{"text":"أبو سعيدٍ: أمَّا هَذا فقَد قَضى ما عَلَيه، سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن رأَى مُنكَرًا فاستَطاعَ أن يُغَيِّرَه بيَدِه فليُغَيِّرْه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ بيَدِه فبِلِسانِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ بلِسانِه فبِقَلبِه، وذَلِكَ أضعَفُ الإيمانِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ الدَّبّاغُ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَخرُجُ يَومَ الأضحَى ويَومَ الفِطرِ فيَبدأُ بالصَّلاةِ، فإِذا صَلَّى صَلاتَه وسَلَّمَ قامَ فأَقبَلَ على النّاسِ وهُم جُلوسٌ في مُصَلَّاهُم، فإِن كانَت له حاجَةٌ ببَعثٍ ذَكَرَه لِلنّاسِ، أو كانَت له حاجَةٌ بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ أمَرَهُم بها، وكانَ يقولُ: \"تَصَدَّقوا\". وكانَ أكثَرَ مَن يَتَصَدَّقُ النِّساءُ، ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ، فلَم يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ، حَتَّى كان مَرْوانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، فخَرَجتُ مُخاصرًا (^٣) مَرْوانَ حَتَّى أتَينا المُصَلَّى، فإِذا كَثيرُ بنُ الصَّلتِ قَد بَنَى مِنبَرًا مِن طينٍ ولَبِنٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٠٧٢)، وأبو داود (١١٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٧) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وأحمد (١١٤٩٢)، والترمذى (٢١٧٢) من طريق الأعمش به. ومسلم (٤٩/ ٧٨) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) أي: مماشيًا له يده في يدي. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٧٧.","vol":"6","page":574},{"text":"وإِذا مَرْوانُ يُنازِعُنِى يَدَه كأنَّه يَجُرُّنِى نَحوَ المِنبَرِ وأَنا أجُرُّه نَحوَ المُصَلَّى، فلما رأيتُ ذَلِكَ مِنه قُلتُ: أين الابتِداءُ بالصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ: لا، يا أبا سعيدٍ، قَد تُرِكَ ما تَعلَمُ. قُلتُ: كَلَّا والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لا تأتونَ بخَيرٍ مِمّا أعلَمُ. ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عياضٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1346>بابُ يَخطُبُ قائمًا مُقابِلَ النَّاسِ والنّاسُ جُلوسٌ على صُفوفِهِم</span>\nقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عِياضٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، أنَّ عياضَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَخرُجُ يَومَ العيدَينِ فيُصَلِّى فيَبدأُ بالرَّكعَتَينِ ثُمّ يُسَلِّمُ، فيَقومُ قائمًا يَستَقبِلُ النّاسَ بوَجهِه، فيُكَلِّمُهُم ويأمُرُهُم بالصدَقَةِ، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَضرِبَ على النّاسِ بَعثًا ذَكَرَه وإِلَّا انصَرَفَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٤٩) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١١٣١٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٨١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٢١) من طريق داود به. وتقدم في (١٤٨٩، ٦٢٠٢)، وسيأتى في (٨١٩١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٨٩/ ٩)، والبخارى (٣٠٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٢٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الفريابي في أحكام العيدين (١٠١) من طريق داود بن قيس به.","vol":"6","page":575},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1347>بابُ مَن أباحَ أن يَخطُبَ على مِنبَرٍ أو على راحِلَةٍ</span>\n\n٦٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ الحُلوانِىُّ ومحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى ومحمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ صَلاةَ الفِطرِ مَعَ نَبِىِّ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃-، فكُلُّهُم يُصَلّيها قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ ثُمَّ يَخطُبُ بَعدُ. قال: فنَزَلَ نَبِىُّ الله -ﷺ- كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه حينَ يُجْلِسُ الرِّجالَ بيَدِه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ يَشُقُّهُم حَتَّى أتَى النِّساءَ ومَعَه بلالٌ فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ﴾ الآيَة [الممتحنة: ١٢]. ثُمّ قال حينَ فرَغَ مِنها: \"أنتُنَّ على ذَلِكَ؟ \". فقالَتِ امرأةٌ واحِدَةٌ لَم يُجِبْه غَيرُها مِنهُنَّ: نَعَم يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ. لا يَدرِى (^١) حينَئذٍ (^٢) مَن هِىَ، قال: \"تَصَدَّقنَ\". فبَسَطَ بلالٌ ثَوبَه ثُمّ قال: هَلُمَّ فِدًى لَكُنَّ أبى وأُمِّى. فجَعَلنَ يُلقينَ الفَتَخَ (^٣) والخَواتيمَ في ثَوبِ بلالٍ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ندرى\".\n(^٢) عند البخاري: \"حسن\". وهو حسن بن مسلم الراوى عن طاوس. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٧٢، وفتح الباري ٢/ ٤٦٨.\n(^٣) الفتح: جمع فتخة وهو الخاتم الكبير يكون في إصبع اليد والرجل بفص وغير فص. النهاية ٣/ ٤٠٨.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٥٦٣٢)، وعنه أحمد (٣٠٦٣)، وتقدم في (٦٢٦٨).","vol":"6","page":576},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^١).\n\n٦٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: إنَّ النَّبىَّ -ﷺ- قامَ يَومَ الفِطرِ فصَلَّى فبَدأَ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النّاسَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ نَبِىُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَزَلَ فأَتَى النِّساءَ فذَكَّرَهُنَّ وهو يَتَوَكّأُ على يَدِ بلالٍ، وبِلالٌ باسِطٌ ثَوبَه يُلقينَ فيه النِّساءُ الصَّدَقَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلَ إسنادِهِ، وزادَ: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: زَكاةُ يَومِ الفِطرِ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنَّه صَدَقَةٌ يَتَصدَّقنَ بها حينَئذٍ، تُلقِى المَرأَةُ فَتَخَها ويُلقينَ ويُلقينَ. قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أتَرَى حَقًّا على الإمامِ الآنَ أن يأتِىَ النِّساءَ حينَ يَفرُغُ فيُذَكِّرَهُنَّ؟ قال: إى لَعَمرِى إنَّ ذَلِكَ لَحَقٌّ عَلَيهِم، وما لَهُم لا يَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ؟ رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه بهَذِه الزّيادَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٩٧٩)، ومسلم (٨٨٤/ ١).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٥٦٣١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٦٣)، وأبو داود (١١٤١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٤٤) عن محمد بن رافع به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٩٧٨)، ومسلم (٨٨٥/ ٣).","vol":"6","page":577},{"text":"قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ وجابِرٍ في هَذا الحديثِ: فلَمَّا فرَغَ نَزَلَ فأَتَى النِّساءَ. يَدُلُّ على أنَّه كان على مُرتَفِعٍ فنَزَلَ. ورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ فقالَ في ابتِدائه: ثُمَّ قامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا على بلالٍ، فأَمَرَ بتَقوَى اللهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مُضيَّه إلَى النِّساءِ، ولَم يَذكُرْ لَفظَ النُّزولِ (^١).\nولَكِن في حَديثِ أبي بكرَةَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَطَبَهُم بمِنًى يَومَ النَّحرِ على راحِلَتِهِ:\n\n٦٢٧٧ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على راحِلَتِه يَومَ النَّحرِ وأَمسَكتُ إمّا قال: بخِطامِها، وإِمّا قال: بزِمامِها، قال: \"أيُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ على الجَهضَمِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أخيه، عن أبي كاهِلٍ - قال\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه في (٦٢٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٨٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٤٠٩١) من طريق ابن عون به. وأحمد (٢٠٤١٩)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٨) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٧)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩).","vol":"6","page":578},{"text":"إسماعيلُ: وقَد رأيتُ أبا كاهِلٍ- قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ يَومَ عيدٍ على ناقَةٍ خَرماءَ (^١) وحَبَشِىٌّ مُمسِكٌ بخِطامِها (^٢). ورُوِّينا عن أبى جَميلَةَ أنَّه رأى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وعَليًّا والمُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ -﵃- خَطَبَ يَومَ العيدِ على راحِلَتِه (^٣). وعن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه خَطَبَ يَومَ العيدِ على راحِلَتِهِ.\n\n٦٢٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: رأيتُ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ -﵁- يَومَ أضحًى أو فِطرٍ صَلَّى بالنّاسِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ على بَعيرٍ (^٤) ولَم يُؤَذِّنْ ولَم يُقِمْ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1348>بابُ سَلامِ الإمامِ إذا ظَهَرَ على المِنبَرِ</span>\n\n٦٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الخرماء: مثقوبة الأذن، والتي قطع من أنفها شيء لا يبلغ الجدع. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٨٤)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٤) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائى (١٥٧٢) من طريق إسماعيل به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٠٢) بذكر على وعثمان.\n(^٤) في س: \"المنبر\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٩١٠) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.","vol":"6","page":579},{"text":"المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إذا صَعِدَ على المِنبَرِ سَلَّمَ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ لَهيعَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1349>بابُ جُلوسِ الإمامِ حيَن يَطلُعُ على المِنبَرِ ثُمَّ قيامِه وخُطبَتِه خُطبَتَيِن بَينَهُما جَلسَةٌ خَفيفَةٌ</span>\nقياسًا على خُطبَتَىِ الجُمُعَةِ، وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ الثّابِتَةُ فيها (^٢).\n\n٦٢٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَرْوانَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ البَزّارُ بدِمَشقَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَقعُدُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ والفِطرِ والأضحَى على المِنبَرِ، فإِذا سَكَتَ المُؤَذِّنُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ قامَ فخَطَبَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيَخطُبُ، ثُمَّ يَنزِلُ فيُصَلِّى (^٣).\nفجَمَعَ، إن كان مَحفوظًا، بَينَ الجُمُعَةِ والعيدَينِ في القَعدَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ بالخَبَرِ إلَى حِكايَةِ الجُمُعَةِ.\n\n٦٢٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٨٠٧).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٧٧٠ - ٥٧٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٥١٨) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به، دون قوله: \"ثم جلس ... \". وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ١٨٧: ورجال الطبرانى ثقات.","vol":"6","page":580},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: السُّنَّةُ أن يَخطُبَ الإمامُ في العيدَينِ خُطبَتَينِ يَفصلُ بَينَهُما بجُلوسٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1350>بابُ التَّكبيِر في الخُطبَةِ في العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ المُؤَذِّنِ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ وعَمّارُ بنُ حَفصٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن آبائهِم، عن أجدادِهِم، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَبدأُ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ، وكانَ يُحِبُّ أن يُكْثِرَ (^٢) التَّكبيرَ بَينَ أضعافِ الخُطبَةِ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللهِ يُكَبِّرُ في العيدَينِ تِسعًا تِسعًا، يَفتَتِحُ بالتَّكبيرِ ويَختِمُ بهِ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ الأهوازِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩١٨)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٨. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٣٠: سنده ضعيف.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣، م: \"يكبر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٨٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن سعد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٦٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٧٤٣) من طريق آخر عن مسروق به.","vol":"6","page":581},{"text":"القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُحرِزُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِىِّ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ عبدِ الله حَدَّثَه، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: السُّنَّةُ تكبيرُ الإِمامِ يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ الأضحَى حينَ يَجلِسُ على المِنبَرِ؛ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ تِسعَ تكبيراتٍ، وسَبعًا حينَ يَقومُ، ثُمَّ يَدعو ويُكَبِّرُ بَعدُ ما بَدا لَه.\nورَواه غَيرُه عن إبراهيمَ عن عُبَيدِ الله: تِسعًا تَترَى إذا قامَ في الأولَى، وسَبعًا تَترَى إذا قامَ في الخُطبَةِ الثّانيَةِ:\n\n٦٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: السُّنَّةُ في تَكبيرِ يَومِ الأضحَى والفِطرِ على المِنبَرِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ، أن يَبتَدِئَ الإمامُ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ وهو قائمٌ على المِنبَرِ بتِسعِ تكبيراتٍ تَترَى، لا يَفصِلُ بَينَها بكَلامٍ، ثُمَّ يَخطُبُ ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ جَلسَةً، ثُمَّ يَقومُ في الخُطبَةِ الثّانيَةِ فيَفتَتِحُها بسَبعِ تكبيراتٍ تَترَى لا يَفصِلُ بَينَها بكَلامٍ، ثُمَّ يَخطُبُ (^١).\n\n٦٢٨٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الثِّقَةُ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنّه أُثبِتَ له كِتابٌ عن أبى هريرةَ فيه تَكبيرُ الإمامِ في الخُطبَةِ الأولَى يَومَ الفِطرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٢٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٨.","vol":"6","page":582},{"text":"والأضحَى إحدَى أو ثَلاثً (^١) وخَمسينَ تكبيرَةً في فُصولِ الخُطبَةِ بَينَ ظَهرانَيِ الكَلامِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1351>بابُ الخُطبَةِ على العَصا</span>\n\n٦٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن أبي جَنابٍ الكَلبِىِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا في المُصَلَّى يَومَ أضحًى، فأَتانا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فسَلَّمَ على النّاسِ ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ أوّلَ مَنسَكِ يَومِكُم هَذا الصَّلاةُ\". قال: فتَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ استَقبَلَ النّاسَ بوَجهِه، وأُعطِىَ قَوسًا أو عَصًا فاتَّكأَ عَلَيها، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1352>بابُ أمرِ الإمامِ النّاسَ في خُطبَتِه بطاعَةِ اللهِ ﷿، وحَضِّهِم على الصَّدَقَةِ والتَّقَرُّبِ إلَى اللهِ سُبحانَه، والكَفِّ عن مَعصيَتِهِ</span>\n\n٦٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ إملاءً، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، والمعرفة للمصنف، والمهذب للذهبي ٣/ ١٢٣٠، وفي الأم: \"ثلاثًا\". وينظر التعليق المتقدم في ١/ ٤٣٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٢١)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٩٠) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. وأبو داود (١١٤٥) مقتصرًا على موضع الشاهد بدون \"أو عصا\"، والطبراني (١١٦٩) من طريق أبي جناب الكلبى به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٠١٤).","vol":"6","page":583},{"text":"الفَحّامُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّه شَهِدَ الصَّلاةَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في يَومِ عيدٍ، فبَدأَ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ بلا أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا على بلالٍ، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ووَعَظَهُم وذَكَّرَهُم، ومَضى مُتَوَكِّئًا على بلالٍ، فأَتَى النِّساءَ فوَعَظَهُنَّ وذَكَّرَهُنَّ وقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقنَ فإِنَّ أكثَرَكُنَّ حَطَبُ جَهَنَّمَ\". فقامَتِ امرأةٌ مِن سَفِلَةِ النِّساءِ سَفعاءُ الخَدَّينِ فقالَت: لِمَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إنَّكُنَّ تُكثِرنَ الشَّكاةَ وتَكفُرنَ العَشيرَ\". فجَعَلنَ يَتَصَدَّقنَ مِن خَواتيمِهِنَّ وقَلائدِهِنَّ وأَقلِبَتِهِنَّ (^١)؛ يُعطينَه بلالًا يَتَصَدَّقنَ بهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ قامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا على بلالٍ، فأَمَرَ بتَقوَى الله وحَثَّ على طاعَتِه، ووَعَظَ النّاسَ وذَكَّرَهُم، ثُمَّ مَضى حَتَّى أتَى النِّساءَ. وقالَ في آخِرِه: فجَعَلنَ يَتَصَدَّقنَ مِن حُليِّهِنَّ يُلقينَ في ثَوبِ بلالٍ مِن أقراطِهِنَّ وخَواتيمِهِنَّ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ الله بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأقلبة جمع القلب: السوار. النهاية ٤/ ٩٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٦٩)، والنسائي (١٥٦١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٠) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٨٥/ ٤).","vol":"6","page":584},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1353>بابُ الاستِماعِ لِلخُطبَةِ في العيدَينِ</span>\nقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ المُسنَدَةُ في الاستِماعِ لِلخُطبَةِ في الجُمُعَةِ (^١)، والاستِماعُ لِلخُطبَةِ في العيدَينِ قياسٌ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٦٢٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^٢) المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى الحِمّانِىُّ، حدثنا قَيسٌ ويَحيَى بنُ سلَمةَ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يُكرَهُ الكَلامُ في أربَعَةِ مَواطِنَ؛ العيدَينِ والاستِسقاءِ ويَومِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٣). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ أبو عثمانَ أخو نُعَيمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِىُّ (^٥)، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. وأخبرنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ سَعدُويَه، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِيُّ (^٥)، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ السّائبِ، أنَّ النَّبىَّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٨٩٠) وما بعده.\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٠٩٠) من طريق يحيى بن سلمة به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٣١: مع ضعف سنده.\n(^٥) في ص ٣: \"الشيبانى\".","vol":"6","page":585},{"text":"صَلَّى بهِمُ العيدَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فقالَ: \"مَن أحَبَّ أن يُقيمَ فليُقِمْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يَمضِىَ فليَمضِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ سَعدُويه. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ حَمّادٍ قال: حَضَرتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ العيدِ، فلَمّا قَضَى صَلاتَه قال: \"مَن أحَبَّ أن يَستَمِعَ الخُطبَةَ فليَستَمِعْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يَنصَرِفَ فليَنصَرِفْ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ يَعنِى الدُّورِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ السّائبِ الَّذِى يَروِى أنَّ النَّبيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِمُ العيدَ، هَذا خَطأٌ؛ إنَّما هو عن عَطاءٍ فقَط، وإِنَّما يَغلَطُ فيه الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِيُّ يقولُ: عن عبدِ الله بنِ السّائبِ (^٢).\n\n٦٢٩٣ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ما قالَه يَحيَى، أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدٍ النَّجّارُ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بن دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: صَلَّى النَّبىُّ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ العيدَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن شاءَ أن يَذهَبَ فليَذهَبْ، ومَن شاءَ أن يَقعُدَ فليقعُدْ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٥٥)، والنسائى (١٥٧٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٢) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٣١: قال النسائي: الصواب عن عطاء مرسلًا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٠٢٤).\n(^٢) ابن معين في التاريخ ٣/ ١٥.\n(^٣) ينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٤٦٠.","vol":"6","page":586},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1354>بابُ الإمامِ لا يُصَلِّى قَبلَ العيدِ وبَعدَه في المُصَلَّى</span>\n\n٦٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه خَرَجَ يَومَ الفِطرِ فصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لَم يُصَلِّ قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، ثُمَّ أتَى النِّساءَ ومَعَه بلالٌ فأَمَرَهُنَّ بالصَّدَقَةِ، فجَعَلَتِ المَرأَةُ تُلقِى خُرصَها وتُلقِى سِخابَها (^١). ورَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ المِنهالِ وغَيرِه إلَّا أنَّه قال في رِوايَةِ حَجّاجٍ: فجَعَلَتِ المَرأَةُ تُلقِى قُرطَها (^٢). وأَحمَدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أحالَ رِوايَتَه على رِوايَةِ غَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٣)، والبخاري (٩٦٤، ٩٨٩، ١٤٣١، ٥٨٨١)، وأبو داود (١١٥٩)، والترمذى (٥٣٧)، والنسائى (١٥٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٩١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٣٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٨٣).\n(^٣) مسلم ٢/ ٦٠٦ (٨٨٤/ ١٣).","vol":"6","page":587},{"text":"أبانٌ هو ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَجَلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ يَومَ أضحِّى أو يَومَ فِطرٍ، فخَرَجَ يَمشِى حَتَّى أتَى المُصَلَّى. أظُنُّه قال: فقَعَدَ حَتَّى أتَى الإمامُ ثُمَّ صَلَّى وانصَرَفَ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ ابنُ عُمَرَ فلَم يُصَلِّ قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، قُلتُ: يا ابنَ عُمَرَ، ما قُدّامَها وما خَلفَها صَلاةٌ؟ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ (^١).\n\n٦٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا جَندَلُ ابنُ والِقٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا رَجَعَ مِنَ المُصَلَّى صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1355>بابُ المأمومِ يَتَنَفَّلُ قَبلَ صَلاةِ العيدِ وبَعدَها؛ في بَيتِه، والمَسجِدِ، وطَريقِه، والمُصَلَّى، وحَيثُ أمكَنَه</span>\n\n٦٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ الله القُرَشِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢١٢)، والترمذى (٥٣٨) من طريق أبان به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٢٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٩) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٤٥١): هذا إسناد حسن.","vol":"6","page":588},{"text":"أمِن (^١) ساعاتِ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ ساعَةٌ تأمُرُنِى ألَّا أُصلِّىَ فيها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نعم (^٢)، إذا صَلَّيتَ الصُّبحَ فأَقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ؛ فإِنَّها تَطلُعُ بَينَ قَرنَىْ شَيطانٍ، ثُمَّ الصَّلاةُ مَحضورَةٌ متَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى يَنتَصِفَ النَّهارُ، فإِذا انتَصَفَ النَّهارُ فأَقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَميلَ الشَّمسُ؛ فإنها حينَئذٍ تسعَّرُ جَهَنَّمُ، وشِدَّةُ الحَرِّ مِن فيحِ جَهَنَّمَ، فإِذا زالَتِ الشّمسُ فالصَلاة مَشهودَةٌ مَحضورةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ العَصرَ، فإِذا صَلَّيتَ العَصرَ فأَقصِرْ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ الصَّلاةُ مَشهودةٌ مَحضورَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّىَ الصُّبحَ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ قال: رأيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ والحَسَنَ بنَ أبي الحَسَنِ وجابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ وسَعيدَ بنَ أبى الحَسَنِ يُصَلّونَ قَبلَ الإمامِ في العيدِ (^٤).\n\n٦٢٩٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ الدّاناجِ قال: رأيتُ أبا بُردَةَ (^٥) يُصَلِّي يَومَ العيدِ قَبلَ الإمامِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"أى\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥٨١)، وابن حبان (١٥٥٠) من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به. وابن خزيمة (١٢٧٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٤٤٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨٠٩) عن معاذ به. وعبد الرزاق (٥٦٠٢) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٣/ ١٢٣٣، وعند ابن أبى شيبة: \"برزة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٣٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٨١٠) عن معاذ به.","vol":"6","page":589},{"text":"٦٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ قال: رأيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يَجِئُ يَومَ العيدِ فيُصَلِّى قَبلَ خُروجِ الإمامِ (^١).\n\n٦٣٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ شادِلِ بنِ علىٍّ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَرْوان العُثمانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىَّ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن عباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ أنَّه كان يَرَى أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الأضحَى والفِطرِ يُصلّونَ في المَسجِدِ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ ولا يَرجِعونَ إلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٠٢ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ عن عيسَى بنِ سَهلِ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه كان يَرَى جَدَّه رافِعًا وبَنيه يَجلِسونَ في المَسجِدِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ فيُصَلّونَ رَكعَتَينِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَغدونَ إلَى المُصَلَّى. قال ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ: فسألتُه: هَل كانوا يَرجِعونَ إلَيهِ؟ قال: لا أدرِى (^٣).\n\n٦٣٠٣ - وبِهَذا الِإسنادِ عن ابنِ أبي دِئبٍ عن شُعبَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أقودُ عبدَ الله بنَ عباسٍ إلَى المُصَلَّى فيُسَبِّحُ (^٤) في المَسجِدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٦٠١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٠٧) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف (٦٩٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٥٦٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"ليسبح\"، وفى ص ٣: \"يسبح\".","vol":"6","page":590},{"text":"ولا يَرجِعُ إلَيهِ.\nورُوّينا عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ عَمَّن سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ في رَجُلٍ يُصَلِّى يَومَ العيدِ قَبلَ خُروجِ الإمامِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ قال: إنَّ اللهَ لا يَرُدُّ على عبدِه حَسَنَةً يَعمَلُها لَه (^١).\n\n٦٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الحُسَينُ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ قال: كان بُرَيدَةُ يُصَلِّى يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ النَّحرِ قَبلَ الإمامِ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ البَلْخِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا علىٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ الطُّوسِىَّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عَونٌ الحارِثىٌّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ قال: رأيتُ أبى تَوَضّأ في يَومِ عيدٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى في أهلِه أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ بيَدِى فخَرَجنا إلَى المُصَلَّى، فدَنا قَريبًا مِنَ الإمامِ حَيثُ يَسمَعُ، فلَمّا قُضيَتِ الصَّلاةُ لَم يُصلِّ قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها بَعدَ أن يَخرُجَ مِن أهلِه حَتَّى يَرجِعَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى في أهلِه أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ لما رَجَعَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى يَومَ العيدِ قَبلَ أن يُصَلِّىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٦٠٤) من طريق الأزرق به.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة (٦٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٠٤) من طريق آخر عن عبد الله بن بريدة به.","vol":"6","page":591},{"text":"الإمامُ (^١). وعن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى يَومَ الفِطرِ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ وبَعدَها في المَسجِدِ (^٢). وعن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى قَبلَ أن يَغدوَ إلَى المُصَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ (^٣). وَعَن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان يُصلِّى بَعدَ العيدِ ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ.\nوكَرِهَ الصَّلاةَ قَبلَها وبَعدَها جَماعَةٌ، وكَرِهَها قَبلَها ولَم يَكرَهْها بَعدَها بَعضُهُم، وكَرِهَها بَعضهُم في المُصَلَّى ولَم يَكرَهْها في المَسجِدِ وفى بَيتِه، ويَومُ العيدِ كَسائرِ الأيّامِ، والصَّلاةُ مُباحَةٌ إذا ارتَفَعَتِ الشَّمسُ حَيثُ كان المُصَلَّى، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1356>بابُ صَلاةُ العيدَينِ سُنَّةُ أهلِ الإِسلامِ حَيثُ كانوا</span>\n\n٦٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىٌّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى وعِمرانُ قال: حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى زُبَيدٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الثِّقَةِ، عن عُمَرَ قال: صَلاةُ الأضحَى رَكعَتانِ، والفِطرِ رَكعَتانِ، والجُمُعَةِ رَكعَتانِ، والمُسافِرِ رَكعَتانِ، تَمامٌ غَيرُ قَصرٍ على لِسانِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٨١، والمعرفة للمصنف (٦٨٦٠).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ١٨١ مقتصرًا على: قبل الصلاة، والمعرفة للمصنف (١٩٣٢).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٨١، والمعرفة للمصنف (١٩٣٣).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٨٥).","vol":"6","page":592},{"text":"ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ عن زُبَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن كَعبِ بنِ عجرَة عن عمَرَ (^١).\n\n٦٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ وأبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينيانِ بها قالا: حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ ابنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ خادِمِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: كان أنَسٌ إذا فاتَته صلاةُ العيدِ مَعَ الإمامِ جَمَعَ أهلَه فصلَّى بهِم مِثلَ صلاةِ الإمامِ في العيدِ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان إذا كان بمَنزِلِه بالزّاويَةِ (^٤) فلَم يَشهَدِ العيدَ بالبَصرَةِ جَمَعَ مَواليَه ووَلَدَه ثُمَّ يأمُرُ مَولاه عبدَ الله بنَ أبى عُتبَةَ فيُصَلَّى بهِم كَصلاةِ أهلِ المِصرِ رَكعَتَينِ ويُكَبِّرُ بهِم كَتَكبيرِهِم (^٥). وعن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ في المُسافِرِ يُدرِكُه الأضحَى قال: يَكُفُ فإِذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ صَلى رَكعَتَينِ وضَحَّى إن شاءَ (^٦). وعن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّه قال: أهلُ السَّوادِ يَجتَمِعونَ في العيدِ يُصَلّونَ رَكعَتَينِ كما يَصنَعُ الإمامُ (^٧). وعن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٧٨٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٧٥٦، ٨٩٥، ١٨٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٨٦ من طريق حمزة بن محمد الكاتب به.\n(^٤) تقدم قول المصنف عقب (٥٦٦٠) أن الزاوية على فرسخين من البصرة.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٥٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٥٤).\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٩٢٣).","vol":"6","page":593},{"text":"كانوا يَستَحِبّونَ إذا فاتَ الرَّجُلَ الصَّلاةُ في العيدَينِ أن يَمضِىَ إلَى الجَبّانِ (^١) فيَصنَعَ كما يَصنَعُ الإمامُ (^٢). وعن عَطاءٍ: إذا فاتَه العيدُ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ لَيسَ فيهِما تكبيرٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1357>بابُ خُروجِ النِّساءِ إلىَ العيدِ</span>\n\n٦٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أُمَّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: كُنّا أُمِرنا أن نُخرِجَ في العيدَينِ العَواتِقَ ذَواتِ الخُدورِ، فأَمّا الحُيَّضُ فيَشهَدنَ جَماعَةَ المُسلِمينَ ودُعاءَهُم ويَعتَزِلنَ مُصَلَّاهُم (^٤). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن ابنِ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ التُستَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أُمٍّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: أمَرَنا -يَعنِي النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أن نُخرِجَ في العيدَينِ العَواتِقَ وذَواتِ الخُدورِ، وأَمَرَ الحُيَّضَ أن\n_________\n(^١) الجبَّان والجبَّانة: الصحراء. النهاية ١/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٥٨).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تكبيرة\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٤٩) بلفظ: يصلى ركعتين ويكبر.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٥/ ٥٢ (١٠٦) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٩٨١).","vol":"6","page":594},{"text":"يَعتَزِلنَ مُصلَّى المُسلِمينَ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيِّ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن الحَجَبِىِّ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ وأبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ببَغدادَ، قال أبو زَكَريّا: أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ العباسِ. وقالَ أبو علىٍّ: أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عباس يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِىَّ، حدثنا عبدُ (^٣) اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: أمَرَنا بأَبِى وأُمِّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن نُخرِجَهُنَّ يَومَ الفِطرِ ويَومَ النَّحرِ؛ العَواتِقَ وذَواتِ الخُدورِ والحيَّضَ، فأَمّا الحيَّضُ فيَعتَزِلْنَ المُصَلَّى ويَشهَدنَ الخَيرَ ودَعوَةَ المُسلِمينَ. قالَت: فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ: أرأيتَ إحداهُنَّ لا يَكونُ لَها جِلبابٌ (^٤)؟ فقالَ: \"لِتُلبِسْها أُختُها مِن جِلبابِها\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٣٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وأبو داود (١١٣٦)، والنسائى (١٥٥٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٠٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٩٠/ ١٠)، والبخارى (٩٧٤).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"عبيد\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٤) الجلباب: الملاءة المغطية للبدن كله تلبس فوق الثياب. فتح البارى لابن رجب ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩٣)، والدارمى (١٦٥٠)، والترمذى (٥٤٠)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٧٥٩)، وابن ماجه (١٣٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٧)، وابن حبان (٢٨١٦، ٢٨١٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٨٩٠/ ١٢).","vol":"6","page":595},{"text":"٦٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ (^١)، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ ابنُ بَشّارٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى الثَّقَفِىَّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حَفصَةَ قالَت: كُنّا نَمنَعُ عَواتِقَنا أن يَخرُجنَ في العيدَينِ، فقَدِمَتِ امرأةٌ فنَزَلَت قَصرَ بَنِى خَلَفٍ (^٢) فحَدَّثَت عن أُختِها -وكانَ زَوجُ أُختِها غَزا مَعَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ غَزوَةً. قالَت: وأُختِى مَعَه في سِتِّ عزَواتٍ- قالَت: وكُنّا نُداوِى الكَلْمَى (^٣) ونَقومُ على المَرضَى، فسألَت رسولَ الله -ﷺ-: هَل على إحدانا بأسٌ إن لَم يَكُنْ لَها جِلبابٌ ألَّا تَخرُجَ؟ فقالَ: \"لِتُلبِسْها (^٤) صاحِبتُها مِن جِلبابِها فتَشهَدَ الخَيرَ ودَعوَةَ المُؤمِنينَ\". فلَمّا قَدِمَت أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ سألتُها: هَل سَمِعتِ مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: نَعَم بِأَبا (^٥) - وكانَت لا تَذكُرُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- إلَّا قالَت: بِأَبا - سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"لِتَخرُجِ العَواتِقُ وذَواتُ الخُدورِ والحُيَّضُ فيَشهَدنَ الخَيرَ ودَعوَةَ المُؤمِنينَ، ويَعتَزِلْنَ الحُيَّضُ المُصلَّى\". فقالَت حَفصَةُ: فقُلتُ: اَلحُيَّضُ؟ فقالَت: أوَ لَيسَت تَشهَدُ عَرَفَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"يسار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥١١.\n(^٢) قصر بنى خلف: كان بالبصرة، وهو منسوب إلى طلحة بن عبد الله بن خلف الخزاعى المعروف بطلحة الطلحات، وقد ولى إمرة سجستان. فتح البارى ١/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٣) الكلمى: جمع كليم أي جريح. فتح البارى ١/ ٤٢٤.\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"لتكسها\".\n(^٥) قال في النهاية ١/ ١٩: يقال: بابأت الصبى إذا قلت له: بأبى أنت وأمى. فلما سكنت الياء قلبت ألفا، كما قيل في يا ويلتى: يا ويلتا.","vol":"6","page":596},{"text":"وتَشهَدُ كَذا وتَشهَدُ كَذا (^١)؟ رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٣١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: أمَرَنا -يَعنِى النَّبىَّ -ﷺ- أن نُخرِجَ في العيدَينِ العَواتِقَ والمُخَبّأةَ والبِكرَ. قالَت: الحُيَّضُ يَخرُجنَ فيَكُنَّ خَلفَ الناسِ يُكَبِّرنَ مَعَ النّاسِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن امرأةٍ مِن عبدِ القَيسِ، عن أُختِ عبدِ الله بنِ رَواحَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"وجَبَ الخُروجُ على كُلِّ ذاتِ نِطاقٍ (^٥) \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٨٩)، والبخارى (٩٨٠، ١٦٥٢)، والنسائى (٣٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٦) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٣٨) من طريق زهير أبى خيثمة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٩٠/ ١١)، والبخارى (٩٧١).\n(^٥) النطاق: هو أن تلبس المرأة ثوبها ثم تشد وسطها بشئ وترفع وسط ثيابها وترسله على الأسفل عند معاناة الأشغال لئلا تعثر في ذيلها. النهاية ٥/ ٧٥. =","vol":"6","page":597},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1358>بابُ خُروجِ الصِّبيانِ إلىَ العيدِ</span>\n\n٦٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ عابِسٍ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ ابنَ عباسٍ: أشَهِدتَ العيدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، ولَولا مَنزِلَتِى مِنه ما شَهِدتُه مِنَ الصِّغَرِ، فأَتَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- العَلَمَ الَّذِى عِندَ دارِ كَثيرِ ابنِ الصَّلتِ فصلَّى ثُمَّ خَطَبَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ أذانًا ولا إقامَةً. قال: ثُمَّ أمَرَ بالصَّدَقَةِ. قال: فجَعَلنَ النِّساءُ يُشِرنَ إلَى آذانِهِنَّ وحُلوقِهِنَّ، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَتاهُنَّ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ، قال: وقالَ محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣١٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ قَيسٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُخرِجُ نِساءَه وبَناتِه في العيدَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١٤) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٣٦: محمد بن النعمان ورد أن شعبة أثنى عليه.\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٢)، والبخاري (٨٦٣، ٩٧٥، ٩٧٧، ٥٢٤٩)، والنسائى (١٥٨٥)، وابن حبان (٢٨٢٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٣٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٣٠٩) من طريق حفص به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٤٦٠): هذا إسناد ضعيف، لتدليس حجاج بن أرطاة.","vol":"6","page":598},{"text":"٦٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبي الفُراتِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى الصّائغَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت تُحَلِّى بَنِى أخيها الذَّهَبَ (^١).\nوهَذا إن كان حَفِظَه الرّاوِى في البَنينَ فيَدُلُّ على جَوازِ ذَلِكَ ما لَم يَبلُغوا، وكانَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ يقولُ: ويُلبَسُ الصِّبيانُ أحسَنَ ما يُقدَرُ عَلَيه ذكورًا كانوا أو إناثًا، ويُلبَسونَ الحُلِىَّ والصِّبغَ (^٢). يَعنِى يَومَ العيدِ (^٣).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وكانَ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ﵀ يَكرَهُه.\n\n٦٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ غَنّامِ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَكيمٍ الأودِىُّ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَسّانَ قال: رأى ابنُ عُمَرَ علىَّ أوضاحَ فِضَّةٍ (^٤) فقالَ: إنَّكَ قَد بَلَغتَ -أو كَبِرتَ- فأَلقِها عَنكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٢٩٩، والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٢) من طريق آخر عن عائشة.\n(^٢) لعل المقصود: الثوب المصبوغ، فالمصبوغ من معانى الصبغ كما في المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٥٢٦ (ص ب غ).\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) أوضاح الفضة: حلى فضة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ١٨٨. وسمت بذلك لبياضها. النهاية ٥/ ١٩٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢١/ ١٧٨ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"6","page":599},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1359>بابُ الإتيانِ مِن طَريقٍ غَيِر الطَّريقِ التى غَدا مِنها</span>\n\n٦٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الاسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا خَرَجَ إلَى العيدِ رَجَعَ مِن غَيرِ الطَّريقِ الَّذِى ذَهَبَ فيهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن أبي تُمَيلَةَ يَحيَى بنِ واضِحٍ عن فُلَيحٍ بمَعناه، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣١٩ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى تُمَيلَةَ عن فُلَيحٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ داودَ الخَفّافُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ يَحيَى بنُ واضِحٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه وقالَ: إذا جاءَ إلَى العيدِ رَجَعَ في غَيرِ الطَّريقِ الَّذِى يأخُذُ فيهِ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن يونُسَ عن فُلَيحٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ:\n\n٦٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الإسماعيلى كما في فتح البارى ٢/ ٤٧٤، وتغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٨٢.\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٠١) من طريق أبى تميلة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٣٧: فليح فيه مقال. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٧٦).","vol":"6","page":600},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِى قالا: حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إذا خَرَجَ إلَى العيدَينِ رَجَعَ في غَيرِ الطَّريقِ الَّذِي يأخُذُ فيه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ عن فُلَيحِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، وقَد أشارَ إلَيه البخارىُّ في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ:\n\n٦٣٢١ - أخَبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو إسحاق إبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ العَدلُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا خَرَجَ يَومَ العيدِ في طَريقٍ رَجَعَ في غَيرِهِ (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: حَديثُ جابِرٍ أصَحُّ (^٣).\n\n٦٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٨١٥) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١٦٥٤)، والترمذى (٥٤١) من طريق محمد بن الصلت به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) البخاري عقب حديث (٩٨٦).","vol":"6","page":601},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أخَذَ يَومَ عيدٍ في طَريقٍ، ثُمّ رَجَعَ مِن طَريقٍ آخَرَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: كان يَخرُجُ إلَى العيدَينِ مِن طَريقٍ ويَرجِعُ مِن طَريقٍ أُخرَى (^١).\n\n٦٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الخُرَيمِىُّ (^٢) الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ سَعدٍ مُؤَذِّنِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن آبائِه، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- كان إذا خَرَجَ إلَى العيدَينِ سَلَكَ على دارِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وعَلَى أصحابِ الفَساطيطِ، ثُمَّ بَدأَ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ، ثُمّ انصَرَفَ مِنَ الطَّريقِ الأُخرَى، طَريقِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ، وذَبَحَ أُضحيَتَه عِندَ طَرَفِ الرَّقاقِ (^٣) بيَدِه بشفرَةٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ على دارِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ ودارِ أبى هريرةَ إلَى البَلاطِ.\n\n٦٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٦، وابن وهب في موطئه (٢١٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٨٧٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٢٩٩) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٠٢٥).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"الحرانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٣) الرقاق: مكان بالمدينة كان مبلطًا بالحجارة وكان قريبًا من المسجد النبوى. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٢٠٣.\nوالحديث عند ابن عدى ٤/ ١٦٢١. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٩٨) عن هشام بن عمار به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٣٧: في (ق): سلك على دار سعيد بن العاص، وإسناده لين. اهـ. والذى عند ابن ماجه: دار سعيد بن أبى العاص. هذا الإسناد ضعيف لضعف عبد الرحمن وأبيه، كما نبه عليه في الزوائد.","vol":"6","page":602},{"text":"أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أُنَيسُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ سالِمٍ مَولَى بَنِى نَوفَلِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنِى بكرُ بنُ مُبَشِّرٍ قال: كُنتُ أغدو مَعَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المُصَلَّى يَومَ الفِطرِ، فنَسلُكُ بَطنَ بُطحانَ حَتَّى نأتِىَ المُصَلَّى، فنُصَلِّى مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ نَرجِعُ إلَى بُيوتِنا (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ في غَيرِ \"الجامع\" (^٢).\n\n٦٣٢٥ - ورَواه حَمزَةُ بنُ نُصَيرٍ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: ثُمَّ نَرجِعُ مِن بَطنِ بُطحانَ إلَى بُيوتِنا. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا [حَمزَةُ بنُ نُصَيرٍ] (^٣). فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n٦٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاذُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه رأى النَّبىَّ -ﷺ- رَجَعَ مِنَ المُصلَّى في يَومِ عيدٍ فسَلَكَ على التَّمَارينَ مِن أسفَلِ السّوقِ، حَتَّى إذا كان عِندَ مَسجِدِ الأعرَجِ الَّذِى عِندَ مَوضِعِ البِركَةِ التى بالسّوقِ قامَ فاستَقبَلَ فجَّ أسلَمَ فدَعا ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٦. وأخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٦٢، ٦٣ من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٩٤.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"حمزة بن بصير\". وفى س: \"بحر بن نصر\". تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١١٥٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٣٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"6","page":603},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1360>بابُ صَلاةِ العيدِ في المَسجِدِ إذا كان عُذرٌ مِن مَطَرٍ أو غَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٦٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الربيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ أبى فروَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا يَحيَى عُبَيدَ اللهِ التَّيمِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه أصابَهُم مَطَرٌ في يَومِ عيدٍ، فصَلَّى بهِمُ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- العيدَ في المَسجِدِ (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه عن هِشامِ بنِ عَمّارٍ عن الوَليدِ عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الفَرْويينَ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمنِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التَّيمِىِّ قال: مُطِرنا في إمارَةِ أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ على المَدينَةِ مَطَرًا شَديدًا لَيلَةَ الفِطرِ، فجَمَعَ النّاسَ في المَسجِدِ، فلَم يَخرُجْ إلَى المُصَلَّى الَّذِي يُصَلَّى فيه الفِطرُ والأضحَى، ثُمَّ قال لِعَبدِ الله بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ: قُمْ فأَخبِرِ النّاسَ ما أخبَرتَنِى. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عامِرٍ: إنَّ النّاسَ مُطِروا على عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فامتَنَعَ النّاسُ من المُصلَّى، فجَمَعَ عُمَرُ النّاسَ في المَسجِدِ فصَلَّى بهِم، ثُمَّ قامَ على المِنبَرِ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣١٣) من طريق الوليد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٣٨: عبد الله ضُعف. اهـ. والصواب: عبيد الله. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٧٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١٦٠). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٤٨).","vol":"6","page":604},{"text":"يَخرُجُ بالنّاسِ إلَى المُصَلَّى يُصلِّى بهِم لأنَّه أرفَقُ بهِم وأَوسَعُ عَلَيهِم، وإِنَّ المَسجِدَ كان لا يَسَعُهُم قال: فإِذا كان هَذا المَطَرُ فالمَسجِدُ أرفَقُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1361>بابُ الإمامِ يأمُرُ مَن يُصَلِّى بضَعَفَةِ النّاسِ العيدَ في المَسجِدِ</span>\nرُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ -﵁-:\n\n٦٣٢٩ - أخبَرَناه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا قَيسٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن هُزَيلٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا أمَرَ رَجُلًا أن يُصَلِّىَ بضعَفَةِ النّاسِ في المَسجِدِ يَومَ فِطرٍ أو يَومَ أضحًى، وأَمَرَه أن يُصَلِّىَ أربَعًا (^٢). ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى قَيسٍ (^٣).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ رَكعَتَينِ تَحيَّةَ المَسجِدِ ثُمّ رَكعَتَىِ العيدِ مَفصولَتَينِ عَنهُما:\n\n٦٣٣٠ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: صَلُّوا يَومَ العيدِ في المَسجِدِ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ؛ رَكعَتانِ لِلسُّنَّةِ ورَكعَتانِ لِلخُروجِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ٢٣٤ من طريق آخر عن أبان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٦٧، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٩٤١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٦٧، وابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٦٣) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٤٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٦٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٦١) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"6","page":605},{"text":"٦٣٣١ - قال: وقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ: إنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- أمَرَ رَجُلًا أن يُصَلِّىَ بضعَفَةِ النّاسِ يَومَ العيدِ في المَسجِدِ رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه بُندارٌ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: عن أبى إسحاقَ عن بَعضِ أصحابِه أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- (^٢).\n\n٦٣٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ ومُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو واللَّفظُ لأبِى غَسّانَ قال: حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: مِنَ السُّنَةِ أن يَمشِىَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى المُصَلَّى. قال: والخُروجُ يَومَ العيدَينِ مِنَ السُّنَةِ، ولا يَخرُجُ إلَى المَسجِدِ إلا ضَعيفٌ أو مَريضٌ (^٣). زادَ مُعاويَةُ: لَكِنِ اخرُجوا إلَى المُصلَّى ولا تَحبِسوا النِّساءَ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٤٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٦٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٨٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٤٥) من طريق بندار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٩٦) من طريق زهير به. والترمذى (٥٣٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به وقال: حديث حسن.","vol":"6","page":606},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1362>بابُ الإمامِ يُعَلِّمُهُم في خُطبَةِ عيدِ الأضحَى كَيفَ يَنحَرونَ، وأَنَّ على مَن نَحَرَ مِن قَبلِ أن يَجِبَ وقتُ نَحرِ الإمامِ أن يُعيدَ</span>\n\n٦٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّحرِ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مَن صَلّى صَلَاتَنا ونَسَكَ نُسُكَنا فقَد أصابَ النُّسُكَ، ومَن نَسَكَ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ فتِلكَ شاةُ لَحمٍ\". فقامَ أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَقَد نَسَكتُ قَبلَ أن أخرُجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ وعَرَفتُ أنَّ اليَومَ يَومُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ، فتَعَجَّلتُ فأَكَلتُ وأَطعَمتُ أهلِى وجيرانِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تِلكَ شاةُ لَحمِ\". قال: فإِنَّ عِندِى عَناقَ جَذَعَةٍ هو خَيرٌ مِن شاتَى لَحمٍ فهَل تَجزِى عَنِّى؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَن تَجزِىَ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هَنّادٍ وقُتَيبَةَ عن أبى الأحوَصِ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: خَرَجَ إلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ أضحًى إلَى البَقيعِ فقامَ فصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٠٠) عن مسدد به، وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٢٣٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٨٣)، ومسلم (١٩٦١) عقب (٧).","vol":"6","page":607},{"text":"فقالَ: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ نُسُكِنا في يَومِنا هَذا أن نَبدأَ بالصَّلاةِ، ثُمَّ نَرجِعَ فنَنحَرَ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فقَد وافَقَ سُنَّتَنا، ومَن ذَبَحَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّما هو لَحمٌ عَجَّلَه لأهلِه لَيسَ مِنَ النُّسُكِ في شَئٍ\". فقامَ خالِى فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أنا ذَبَحتُ وعِندِى جَذَعَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُسِنَّةٍ؟ قال: \"اذبَحْها ثُمَّ لا توفِى جَذَعَةٌ بَعدَكَ\". قال زُبَيدٌ: فسَمِعتُ بَعضَ أصحابِنا أنَّه قال: عَناقٌ جَذَعَةٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن زُبَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأسوَدِ سَمِعَ جُندُبًا يقولُ: شَهِدتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ يَومَ أضحًى فقالَ: \"مَن كان ذَبَحَ مِنكُم قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ فليُعِدْ مَكانَ ذَبيحَتِه أُخرَى، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ ذَبَحَ فليَذبَحْ باسمِ اللهِ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٧٣ من طريق محمد بن طلحة به. وسيأتى في (١٩٠٨٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٧٦)، ومسلم (١٩٦١/ ٧).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٩٨) من طريق شعبة به، وسيأتى في (١٩٠٥٣، ١٩١٤٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٩٨٥، ٥٥٦٢، ٦٦٧٤، ٧٤٠٠)، ومسلم (١٩٦٠/ ٣).","vol":"6","page":608},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1363>بابُ مَن قال: يُكَبِّرُ في الأضحَى خَلفَ صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ مِن يَومِ النَّحرِ إلَى أن يُكَبِّرَ خَلفَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ ثُمَّ يَقطَعُ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بأَنَّ أهلَ الأمصارِ تَبَعٌ لأهلِ مِنًى، والحاجَّ ذِكرُه التَّلبيَةُ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ يَومَ النَّحرِ، ثُمَّ يَكونُ ذِكرُه التَّكبيرَ.\n\n٦٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَغانِىُّ، حدثنا (^١) أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ لِحَديثِه هَذا، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ هو ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أردَفَ الفَضلَ مِن جَمعٍ. قال: فأَخبَرَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ أنَّ الفَضلَ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى حَتَى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن علىِّ بنِ خَشرَمٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٣٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المَليحِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩١)، وأبو داود (١٨١٥)، والترمذى (٩١٨)، والنسائى (٣٠٥٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى في (٩٦٨٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٦٨٥)، ومسلم (١٢٨١/ ٢٦٧).","vol":"6","page":609},{"text":"نُبَيشَةَ -قال خالِدٌ: فلَقيتُ أبا مَليحٍ فسألتُه، فحَدَّثَنِى به- فذَكَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ وذِكرِ اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: فحَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- كان يُكَبِّرُ في قُبَّتِه بمِنًى فيَسمَعُه أهلُ المَسجِدِ فيُكَبِّرونَ، فيَسمَعُه أهلُ السّوقِ فيُكَبِّرونَ حَتَّى تَرتَجَّ مِنًى تَكبيرًا (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ بمِنًى تِلكَ الأيّامَ وخَلفَ الصَّلَواتِ وعَلَى فِراشِه وفِى فُسطاطِه ومَجلِسِه ومَمشاه تِلكَ الأيّامَ جَميعًا (^٤).\n\n٦٣٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبى عبدِ اللهِ المَروَزِىِّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، عن وكيعٍ، عن العُمَرِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى صَلاةِ الفَجرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٤٢٤٣) من طريق ابن علية به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٢٩)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٠)، والنسائى (٤٢٤١) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤١١) عقب (١٤٤).\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٣، م: \"واحدًا\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الفاكهى (٢٥٨٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسعيد بن منصور -كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٧٩، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٥٨٠) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢١٩٩)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٥٨٣).","vol":"6","page":610},{"text":"التَّشريقِ (^١).\n\n٦٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو النَّيسابورِىُّ، عن وكيعٍ، عن شَريكٍ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٤١ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّيبُلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يُكَبِّرُ يَومَ الصدَرِ (^٣) ويأمُرُ مَن حَولَه أن يَكَبِّروا، فلا أدرِى تأوَّلَ قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٣] أو قَولَه: ﴿فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ٢٠٠].\nقال الشيخُ: ورَوَى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^٥).\nورَوَى الواقِدِىُّ بأَسانيدِه عن عثمانَ وابنِ عُمَرَ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأَبِى سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٨٣) عن وكيع به، وفيه: إلى العصر. والدارقطنى ٢/ ٥٠ من طريق العمرى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٨٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) يوم الصدر: اليوم الرابع من أيام النحر؛ لأن الناس يصدرون فيه عن مكة إلى أماكنهم. اللسان ٤/ ٤٤٩ (ص د ر).\n(^٤) أخرجه سفيان بن عيينة في تفسيره -كما في الدر المنثور ٢/ ٤٥٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٩، ٥٦٨٠) من طريق عبد الحميد به.","vol":"6","page":611},{"text":"الخُدرِىِّ نَحوَ ما رُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. ورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّ الأئمَّةَ كانوا يُكَبِّرونَ صَلاةَ الظُّهرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ يَبتَدِئوُنَ بالتَّكبيرِ كَذَلِكَ إلَى آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1364>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ أن يَبتَدِئَ بالتَّكبيرِ خَلفَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مِن يَومِ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٦٣٤٢ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ أبى بكرٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ أنَّه سألَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ وهُما غاديانِ مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ: كَيفَ كُنتُم تَصنَعونَ في هَذا اليَومِ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: كان يُهِلُّ المُهِلُّ مِنّا فلا يُنكَرُ عَلَيه، ويُكَبِّرُ المُكَبِّرُ مِنّا فلا يُنكَرُ عَلَيهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠١٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٥٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٣٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٠٦٩)، والنسائى (٣٠٠٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٧). وسيأتى في (٩٥١٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٨٥/ ٢٧٤)، والبخارى (٩٧٠، ١٦٥٩).","vol":"6","page":612},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ (^١) قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ [(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ] (^٢)، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سلَمةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سلَمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في غَداةِ عَرَفَةَ، فمِنّا المُكَبِّرُ ومِنّا المُهَلِّلُ، فأَمّا نَحنُ فنُكَبِّرُ. قال: قُلتُ: واللَّهِ لَعَجَبٌ مِنكُم كَيفَ لَم تَقولوا له: ما رأَيتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ؟ لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى زَكَريّا ابنِ أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى عبدِ الله الشَّيبانِىِّ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وغَيرِه عن يَزيدَ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵃-:\n\n٦٣٤٤ - أمّا حَديثُ عُمَرَ فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَجّاجِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يُحَدِّثُ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يُكَبِّرُ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"البزار\". تقدم مرارًا.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٥٠) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٤٧٣٣)، ومسلم (١٢٨٤/ ٢٧٢)، وأبو داود (١٨١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٠٥) من طريق عبد الله بن أبى سلمة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٨٤/ ٢٧٣).","vol":"6","page":613},{"text":"يَومِ عَرَفَةَ إلَى صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^١). كَذا رَواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن عَطاءٍ. وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ يُنكِرُه، قال أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ ابنُ سَلَّامٍ: ذاكَرتُ به يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ فأَنكَرَه وقالَ: هَذا وهمٌ مِنَ الحَجّاجِ، وإِنَّما الإسنادُ عن عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ في قُبَّتِه بمِنًى.\nقال الشيخُ: ومَشهورٌ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن صَلاةِ الظُّهرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، ولَو كان عِندَ عَطاءٍ عن عُمَرَ هَذا الَّذِى رَواه عنه الحَجّاجُ لَما استَجازَ لِنَفسِه خِلافَ عُمَرَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ أنَّه حَكاه عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ، وهو مُرسَلٌ:\n\n٦٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ البَلْخِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطُوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ يَعنِى القاضِىَ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ طَريفٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: اجتَمَعَ عُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ وابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵃- على التَّكبيرِ في دُبُرِ صَلاةِ الغَداةِ مِن يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، فأَمّا أصحابُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فإِلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ مِن يَومِ النَّحرِ، وأَمّا عُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ -﵄- فإِلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا مَذهَبُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ في ذَلِكَ، فقَد رَواه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٨) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٥) عن على.","vol":"6","page":614},{"text":"الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مَوصولًا (^١)، ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ المَوصولَةُ فيه عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n٦٣٤٦ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يُكَبِّرُ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ غَداةَ عَرَفَةَ، ثُمَّ لا يَقطَعُ حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ الإمامُ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّر بَعدَ العَصرِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو جَنابِ (^٤) عن عُمَيرِ (^٥) بنِ سعيدٍ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- (^٦).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٦٣٤٧ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ فرّوخَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٧ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٧/ ١٨٧، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٦، ٥٦٧٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٢٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٩٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٤) عن حسين ابن على به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"خباب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٨٤، ٣٣/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٣٧٦، ٣١/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٧٥) من طريق أبى جناب به.","vol":"6","page":615},{"text":"غَداةِ عَرَفَةَ إلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ مِن آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^١).\n\n٦٣٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ القَيسِىُّ بطُوسَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سلَمةَ يَعنِى اللَّبَقِىَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو يَعقوبَ الخُراسانِىُّ يَعنِى إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىَّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ، عن الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه وزادَ: يُكَبِّرُ فى العَصرِ ويَقطَعُ فى المَغرِبِ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بَكّارٍ الحَكَمِ بنِ فرّوخَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ مِن غَداةِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ إلَى آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ. قال محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ: فلَقِيتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ فقُلتُ: إنَّ يَحيَى بنَ آدَمَ حَدَّثَنِى عَنكَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرتُ له هَذا الحديثَ، فحَدَّثَنِى كما حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ. قال أبو العباسِ: فأَتَيتُ إسحاقَ فقُلتُ: إنَّ محمدَ بنَ رافِعٍ حَدَّثَنِى عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ عَنكَ. فحَدَّثَنِى كما حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ. قال أبو العباسِ: فقُلتُ لإِسحاقَ: كَم كَتَبَ عَنكَ يَحيَى ابنُ آدَمَ؟ قال إسحاقُ: نَحوَ ألفَى حَديثٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى فضائل الأوقات (٢٢٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب فى تالى تلخيص المتشابه ٢/ ٤١٣ (٢٤٠) من طريق أبى الحسن محمد بن حمويه ابن زهير الطوسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٨/ ١٢٣ من طريق المصنف به. والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٢٤٥=","vol":"6","page":616},{"text":"وقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ في حَديثٍ مَرفوعٍ بإِسنادٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِهِ:\n\n٦٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ المَقابِرِىُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شَمِرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُكَبِّرُ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ صَلاةَ الغَداةِ إلَى صَلاةِ العَصرِ آخِرَ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^١). قال يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ: وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مُسهِرٍ بهَذا الإِسناد نَحوَه. عمرُو بنُ شَمِرٍ (^٢) وجابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ (^٣) لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما.\nوقَد رَواه نائلُ بنُ نَجيحٍ عن عمرٍو عن جابِرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ وأَبِى جَعفَرٍ عن جابِرٍ (^٤)، وفِى رِوايَةِ الثِّقاتِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1365>بابُ كَيفَ التَّكبيرُ</span>\n\n٦٣٥١ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ\n_________\n= من طريق محمد بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٢٣٨ من طريق أبى محمد ابن حيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) هو عمرو بن شمر أبو عبد الله الكوفى الجعفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٠٤، ٦/ ٣٤٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ١/ ٨٠، والضعفاء الكبير ٣/ ٢٧٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٣٩، والمجروحين ٢/ ٦٥.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٥٠، والمصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٢٥) من طريق نائل بن نجيح به.","vol":"6","page":617},{"text":"خالِدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ حُسَينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالمَدينَةِ تِسعًا لَم يَحُجَّ، ثُمَّ آذَنَ النّاسَ في الحَجِّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّفا فقالَ: \"نَبدأُ بما بَدأَ اللَّهُ به\". وقالَ: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]. قال: فرَقِىَ على الصَّفا حَتَّى بَدا له البَيتُ وكَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا وقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، له المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ يُحيِى ويُميتُ، بيَدِه الخَيرُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ\". ثُمَّ يَدعو بَينَ ذَلِكَ. قال: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فمَشَى حَتَّى إذا أتَى بَطنَ المَسيلِ سَعَى حَتَّى أصعَدَ قَدَمَيه في المَسيلِ، ثُمَّ مَشَى حَتَّى أتَى المَروَةَ فصَعِدَ حَتَّى بَدا له البَيتُ فكَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا وقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له\". هَكَذا كما فعَلَ -يَعنِى على الصَّفا- ثُمَّ نَزَلَ (^١).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ ابنِ (^٢) عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا استَوَى على بَعيرِه خارِجًا إلَى سَفَرٍ كَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا. وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا قَفَلَ مِن غَزوٍ أو حَجٍّ أو عُمرَةٍ يُكَبِّرُ على كُلِّ شَرَفٍ ثلاثَ تكبيراتٍ (^٣).\nفالابتِداءُ بثَلاثِ تَكبيراتٍ نَسَقًا أشبَهُ بسائرِ سُنَنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِنَ الابتِداءِ بها مَرَّتَينِ، وإِن كان الكُلُّ واسِعًا، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٧٧٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٣) من طريق وهيب به. وسيأتى في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٤١١).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م. وسيأتى في (١٠٤١١) من حديث ابن عمر، وهو كذلك عند مسلم (١٣٤٢/ ٤٢٥).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (٩٤١٨، ١٠٤٦٠).","vol":"6","page":618},{"text":"٦٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: يُكَبِّرُ مِن غَداةِ عَرَفَةَ إلَى آخِرِ أيّامِ النَّفْرِ لا يُكَبِّرُ في المَغرِبِ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ وللهِ الحَمدُ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ وأَجَلُّ، اللَّهُ أكبَرُ على ما هَدانا. كَذا أخبَرَناه مِن كِتابِه ثَلاثًا نَسَقًا (^١).\nورَواه الواقِدِىُّ عنه وعن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢). وبِه قال الحَسَنُ بنُ أبى الحَسَنِ البَصرِىُّ:\n\n٦٣٥٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ في التَّكبيرِ أيّامَ التَّشريقِ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: يُكَبِّرُ اللَّهَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ.\n\n٦٣٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: كان سَلمانُ -﵁- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّكبيرَ يقولُ: كَبِّروا؛ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ اللَّهُ أكبَرُ [اللَّهُ أكبَرُ] (^٤) كَبيرًا -أو قال: تَكبيرًا- اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٣٤٧ - ٦٣٤٩).\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف (١٩٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٥٦٩٧) من طريق آخر عن الحسن.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"6","page":619},{"text":"أعلَى وأَجَلُّ مِن أن تكونَ لَكَ صاحِبَةٌ، أو يَكونَ لَكَ ولَدٌ، أو يَكونَ لَكَ شَريكٌ في المُلكِ، أو يَكونَ لَكَ ولِىٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ وكَبِّرْه تَكبيرًا، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لَنا، اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْنا. ثُمَّ قال: واللَّهِ لَتَكتُبُنَّ هذه، لا تُترَكُ هاتانِ، ولَتَكونَنَّ شَفعًا لِهاتَينِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1366>بابُ سُنَّةِ التَّكبيرِ لِلرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ والمُقيميَن والمُسافِرينَ والَّذِى يُصَلِّى مُنفَرِدًا وفِى جَماعَةٍ ويُصَلِّى نافِلَةً</span>\nلِقَولِ اللَّهِ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٣]. فعَمَّ ولَم يَخُصَّ. وقالَ ﴿فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٠]. وروّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ وذَكرِ اللهِ\" (^٢). وأَنَّه -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ على الصَّفا وكانَ مُسافِرًا (^٣)، وَرُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في تَكبيرِهِم يَومَ عَرَفَةَ عِندَ الغُدوِّ مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ وكانوا مُسافِرينَ (^٤)، وعن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ في الحُيَّضِ يَخرُجنَ يَومَ العيدِ فيَكُنَّ خَلفَ النّاسِ يُكَبِّرنَ مَعَ النّاسِ (^٥). وكانَت مَيمونَةُ -﵂- تُكَبِّرُ يَومَ النَّحرِ، وكانَ النِّساءُ يُكَبِّرنَ خَلفَ أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ لَيالِىَ التَّشريقِ مَعَ الرِّجالِ في المَسجِدِ (^٦)، وكانَ الشَّعبِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ يَقولانِ هَذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٢٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٣٣٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٣٥١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٣٤٢، ٦٣٤٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٣٠٨ - ٦٣١٠).\n(^٦) علقه البخارى قبل (٩٧٠)، ووصله ابن أبى الدنيا -كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٨٠.","vol":"6","page":620},{"text":"القَولَ (^١)، وكانَ أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ يُكَبِّرُ بمِنًى أيّامَ التَّشريقِ خَلفَ النَّوافِلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1367>بابُ الشُّهودِ يَشهَدونَ على رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ آخِرَ النَّهارِ أفطَروا ثُمَّ خَرَجوا إلَى عيدِهِم مِنَ الغَدِ</span>\n\n٦٣٥٥ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هشَيمٌ، عن أبى بشرٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو عُمَيرِ ابنُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -قال: وكانَ أكبَرَ ولَدِه- قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمومَةٌ لِى مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: أُغمِىَ عَلَينا هِلالُ شَوّالٍ فأَصبَحنا صيامًا، فجاءَ رَكبٌ مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ فشَهِدوا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّهُم رأوُا الهِلالَ بالأمسِ، فأَمَرَهُم أن يُفطِروا مِن يَومِهِم، وأَن يَخرُجوا لِعيدِهِم مِنَ الغَدِ (^٣). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ. وبِمَعناه رَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبى بشرٍ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى وحشيَّةَ (^٤)، وعُمومَةُ أبى عُمَيرٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يَكونونَ إلَّا ثِقاتٍ.\nوقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَو ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ قُلنا به، وقُلنا أيضًا: فإِن لَم يَخرُجْ بهِم مِنَ الغَدِ خَرَجَ بهِم مِن بَعدِ الغَدِ. وقُلنا: يُصَلِّى في يَومِه بَعدَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٥٩١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف -كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٨٤)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٣) من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتى في (٨٢٧٩). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٤٠).\n(^٤) سيأتى تخريجه عقب (٨٢٧٩).","vol":"6","page":621},{"text":"الزَّوالِ. وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، عن أبى العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ (^١).\n\n٦٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ كَوثرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِلالٍ التَّمّارُ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ شُهِدَ عِندَه على هِلالِ الفِطرِ مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ، فأَمَرَ النّاسَ أن يُفطِروا وأَن يَخرُجوا لِعيدِهِم مِنَ الغَدِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1368>بابُ القَومِ يُخطِئونَ الهِلالَ</span>\n\n٦٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ في حَديثِ أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ ذَكَرَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فيه قال: \"وفِطرُكُم يَومَ تُفطِرونَ، وأَضحاكُم يَومَ تُضَحُّونَ، وكُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ جَمعٍ مَوقِفٌ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"بكر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٢٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٢٤ من طريق حماد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٤٤: صوابه محمد بن سيرين لا ابن المنكدر، ولكنه هكذا وقع في \"السنن\". اهـ. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٦٠) من طريق ابن سيرين به. وينظر بيان الوهم والإيهام ٢/ ٣٩٦، والتلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٢٥٦. وسيأتى في (٨٢٨٧، ٩٩١٤). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠٣٨).","vol":"6","page":622},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1369>بابُ اجتِماعِ العيدَينِ؛ بأَن يوافِقَ يَومُ العيدِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن إياسِ بنِ أبى رَمْلَةَ الشّامِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ مُعاويَةَ يَسأَلُ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ: أشَهِدتَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عيدَينِ اجتَمَعا في يَومٍ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: كَيفَ صَنَعَ؟ قال: صَلَّى العيدَ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ في الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: \"مِن شاءَ أن يُصلِّىَ فليُصَلِّ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ. وقالَ: في يَومٍ واحِدٍ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١).\n\n٦٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى سَمينَةَ، حدثنا زيادُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: اجتَمَعَ عيدانِ على عَهدِ النَّبىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّه قَدِ اجتَمَعَ عيدُكُم هَذا والجُمُعَةُ وإِنّا مُجَمِّعونَ، فمَن شاءَ أن يُجَمِّعَ فليُجَمِّعْ\". فلَمّا صَلَّى العيدَ جَمَّعَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٣٥)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٠٣، والطيالسى (٧٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣١٨)، وأبو داود (١٠٧٠)، والنسائى (١٥٩٠)، وابن ماجه (١٣١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٦٤) من طرق عن إسرائيل به. وصححه على بن المدينى فيما حكاه عنه ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٨٨. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٩٤٥).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٥٠.","vol":"6","page":623},{"text":"٦٣٦٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ بُندارِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ كَثيرٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن المُغيرَةِ ابنِ مِقسَمٍ الضَّبِّىِّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"قَدِ اجتَمَعَ في يَومِكُم هَذا عيدانِ، فمَن شاءَ أجزأَه مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ، وإِنّا مُجَمِّعونَ\" (^١).\nرَواه أيضًا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُنيبٍ المَروَزِىُّ عن علىِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ مَوصولًا (^٢). وهو في \"التاريخ\".\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n٦٣٦١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن ذَكوانَ أبى صالِحٍ قال: اجتَمَعَ عيدانِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومُ جُمُعَةٍ ويَومُ عيدٍ، فصَلَّى ثُمَّ قامَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: \"قَد أصَبتُم ذِكرًا وخَيرًا وإِنّا مُجَمِّعونَ، فمَن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٨٨، ٢٨٩، وعنده: محمد بن عبد الله الصفار. بدلًا من: محمد بن المصفى. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٠٧٣) عن محمد بن المصفى به. وابن ماجه (١٣١١) من طريق بقية به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٩٤٨).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ١٠/ ٢١٧ عن أبى حمزة السكرى فيمن رووه مرسلا.","vol":"6","page":624},{"text":"أحَبَّ أن يَجلِسَ فليَجلِسْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُجَمِّعَ فليُجَمِّعْ\" (^١).\nويُروَى عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ مَوصولًا مُقَيَّدًا بأَهلِ العَوالِى، وفِى إسنادِه ضَعفٌ.\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُقَيَّدًا بأَهلِ العاليَةِ إلَّا أنَّه مُنقَطِعٌ:\n\n٦٣٦٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: اجتَمَعَ عيدانِ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن أحَبَّ أن يَجلِسَ مِن أهلِ العاليَةِ فليَجلِسْ في غَيرِ حَرَجٍ\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- مُقَيَّدًا بأَهلِ العاليَةِ مَوقوفًا عَلَيهِ:\n\n٦٣٦٣ - أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ مَولَى ابنِ أزهَرَ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁-، فجاءَ فصَلَّى ثُمَّ انصرَفَ فخَطَبَ فقالَ: إنَّه قَدِ اجتَمَعَ لَكُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٧٢٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١١٥٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٥٥)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"6","page":625},{"text":"في يَومِكُم هَذا عيدانِ، فمَن أحَبَّ مِن أهلِ العاليَةِ أن يَنتَظِرَ الجُمُعَةَ فليَنتَظِرْها، ومَن أحّبَّ أن يَرجِعَ فليَرجِعْ فقَد أذِنتُ لَه (^١).\n\n٦٣٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عُبَيدٍ مَولَى ابنِ أزهَرَ أنَّه شَهِدَ العيدَ يَومَ الأضحَى مَعَ عُمَرَ، فصَلَّى قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها الناسُ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد نَهاكُم عن صيامِ هَذَينِ العيدَينِ؛ أمّا أحَدُهُما فيَومُ فِطرِكُم مِن صيامِكُم، وأَمّا الآخَرُ فيَومٌ تأكُلونَ فيه مِن نُسُكِكُم. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: ثُمَّ شَهِدتُ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- وكانَ ذَلِكَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فصَلَّى قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ هَذا يَومٌ قَدِ اجتَمَعَ لَكُم فيه عيدانِ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يَنتَظِرَ الجُمُعَةَ مِن أهلِ العَوالِى فليَنتَظِرْ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يَرجِعَ فليَرجِعْ فقَد أذِنتُ لَه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: ثُمَّ شَهِدتُه مَعَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، فصلَّى قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهاكُم أن تأكُلوا لُحومَ نُسُكِكُم فوقَ ثَلاثٍ (^٢). وعن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى عُبَيدٍ نَحوَه (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٥٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٩، ومالك ١/ ١٧٨، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٦٠٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٣/ ١٩٢.\n(^٢) الإسماعيلى -كما في فتح البارى ١٠/ ٢٩. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه- كما في فتح البارى ١٠/ ٢٩ - من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤)، والترمذى (٧٧١) من طريق معمر به، وذكره البخارى معلقًا عقب (٥٥٧٣) عن معمر به. وسيأتى في (٨٥٣٣).","vol":"6","page":626},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حِبّانَ بنِ موسَى بطولِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1370>بابُ عِبادَهَ لَيلَةِ العيدَينِ</span>\n\n٦٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: مَن قامَ لَيلَتَىِ العيدِ للهِ مُحتَسِبًا لَم يَمُتْ قَلبُه حينَ تَموتُ القُلوبُ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنا أنَّه كان يُقالُ: إنَّ الدُّعاءَ يُستَجابُ في خَمسِ لَيالٍ؛ في لَيلَةِ الجُمُعَةِ، ولَيلَةِ الأضحَى، ولَيلَةِ الفِطرِ، وأَوَّلِ لَيلَةِ مِن رَجَبٍ، ولَيلَةِ النِّصفِ مِن شَعبانَ. قال: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يُحيِى لَيلَةَ جَمعٍ، ولَيلَةُ جَمعٍ هِىَ لَيلَةُ العيدِ؛ لأنَّ في صُبحِها النَّحرَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1371>بابُ ما رُوِىَ في قَولِ النّاسِ يَومَ (^٤) العيدِ بَعضِهِم لِبَعضٍ: تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ</span>\n\n٦٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٥٧١ - ٥٥٧٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٥٨)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٣١. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٤٦: موقوف منقطع مرتين وفيه إبراهيم.\n(^٣) الشافعى ١/ ٢٣١.\n(^٤) في س: \"في صلاة\".","vol":"6","page":627},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الشّامِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ ابنِ مَعدانَ قال: لَقيتُ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ في يَومِ عيدٍ فقُلتُ: تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ. فقالَ: نَعَم، تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ. قال واثِلَةُ: لَقيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ عيدٍ، فقُلتُ: تَقَبَّلَ اللهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ. فقالَ: \"نَعَم، تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ\" (^١).\n\n٦٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الشّامِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن واثِلَةَ قال: لَقيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ عيدٍ فقُلتُ: تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ. قالَ: \"نَعَم، تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ قال: قال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ: هَذا مُنكَرٌ، لا أعلَمُ يَرويه عن بَقيَّةَ غَيرُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ هَذا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رأيتُه بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن بَقيَّةَ مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ، ولا أُراه مَحفوظًا.\n\n٦٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ البَزّازُ، عن أدهَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: كُنّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه القزوينى في التدوين ٣/ ٢٩ من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٤٦: محمد متهم بالكذب، قال ابن عدى: هذا منكر، تفرد به محمد. اهـ. وينظر التالى.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٧٤.","vol":"6","page":628},{"text":"نَقولُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ فى العيدَينِ: تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنّا ومِنكَ (^١) يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فيَرُدُّ عَلَينا ولا يُنكِرُ ذَلِكَ عَلَينا (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ فى كَراهيَةِ ذَلِكَ، ولا يَصِحُّ:\n\n٦٣٦٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو (^٣) الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ واقِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن قَولِ النّاسِ فى العيدَينِ: تَقَبَّلَ اللهُ مِنّا ومِنكُم. قال: \"ذاكَ فِعلُ أهلِ الكِتابَينِ\". وكَرِهَه (^٤). عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٥) مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، قالَه البُخارِىُّ (^٦).\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ السادسُ\nويتلوه الجزءُ السابعُ\nوأولُه: كتابُ صلاةِ الخسوفِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"منكم\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٧٢٠).\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س: \"عمر\". وتقدم فى (١٩٠، ٣٨٥، ٤١٧). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣٤/ ٩٨ من طريق محمد بن عمرو الرزاز به.\n(^٥) فى الأصل: \"يزيد\". وهو عبد الخالق بن زيد بن واقد الدمشقى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ١/ ٢١٢، والضعفاء الكبير ٣/ ١٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٧، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٤٩.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٢٥. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٤٧: وهو منقطع أيضا.","vol":"6","page":629},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1372>كتابُ صلاةِ الخسوفِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1373>بابُ الأمرِ بالفَزَعِ إلَى ذِكرِ اللَّهِ وإِلَى الصَّلاةِ مَتَى كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ</span>\n\n٦٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ يَومَ ماتَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ الناسُ: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ لِمَوتِ إبراهيمَ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ، لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإِذا رأيتُم ذَلِكَ فافزَعوا إلَى ذِكرِ اللَّهِ وِإلَى الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ ووَكيعٌ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن قَيسٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ الناسُ: انكَسَفَت لِمَوتِ إبراهيمَ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٦١)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣. وأخرجه الحميدى (٤٥٥) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩١١/ ٢٣)، والبخارى (١٠٤١، ١٠٥٧، ٣٢٠٤).","vol":"7","page":5},{"text":"يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُما آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ، فإِذا رأيتُموهُما فصَلُّوا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو وعائشَةُ والمُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ وأبو بكرَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِ هَذا المَعنَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1374>بابُ الأمرِ بأَن يُنادَى: الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً</span>\n\n٦٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ (^٤) المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، أنَّه لَمّا كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- نودِىَ أنِ الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً (^٥)، فرَكَعَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨٣٧٤) عن وكيع به. والطبرانى ١٧/ ٥٧٥ (٥٧٥) من طريق جرير ووكيع به، وسيأتى في (٦٤٢٤، ٦٤٢٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩١١/ ٢٣).\n(^٣) حديث عبد الله بن عمرو سيأتى في (٦٣٨٣، ٦٣٨٤)، وحديث عائشة سيأتى في (٦٣٧٩ -\n٦٣٨٢)، وحديث المغيرة بن شعبة سيأتى في (٦٤٤٢، ٦٤٤٣)، وحديث أبى بكرة سيأتى في (٦٤٠٢ - ٦٤٠٤).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"حشيش\"، وفى س: \"حبيش\". وتقدم في (٢٦٤، ٣١٦٠، ٤٠٢٦). وينظر تكملة الإكمال ٢/ ٤٢٤.\n(^٥) قال ابن حجر: بالنصب فيهما على الحكاية، ونصب الصلاة في الأصل على الإغراء، وجامعة على الحال، أى: احضروا الصلاة في حال كونها جامعة. وقيل برفعهما على أن الصلاة مبتدأ، وجامعة خبره ... الفتح ٢/ ٥٣٣.","vol":"7","page":6},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكعَتَينِ في سَجدَةٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ في سَجدَةٍ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، ثم (^١) جُلِّىَ عن الشَّمسِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَيبانَ (^٣).\n\n٦٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ مُناديًا فنادَى: الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً. فاجتَمَعَ النّاسُ، فصَلَّى بهِم أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ في رَكعَتَينِ بأَربَعِ سَجَداتٍ، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ وسَلَّمَ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1375>بابُ كَيفَ يُصَلَّى في الخُسوفِ</span>\n\n٦٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"حتى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٧٥) من طريق أبى نعيم به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٦٦٣١) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٧٠٤٦)، والبخارى (١٠٤٥)، ومسلم (٩١٠/ ٢٠)، والنسائى (١٤٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٥١)، ومسلم (٩١٠/ ٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٧٢) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأيضًا (١٤٦٤) من طريق الوليد به. وأبو داود (١١٨٨) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٦٦)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٤).","vol":"7","page":7},{"text":"وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ إملاءً فيما قرأَ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فصَلَّى والنّاسُ مَعَه، فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا. قال: نَحوًا مِن سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ انصرَفَ وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ، لا يَنخَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِهِ، فإِذا رأيتُم ذَلِكَ فاذكُروا اللَّهَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رأَيناكَ تَناوَلتَ شَيئًا في مَقامِكَ هَذا، ثُمَّ رأَيناكَ تَكَعكَعتَ (^١). فقالَ: \"إنّى رأَيتُ الجَنَّةَ -[أو: أُريتُ الجَنَّةَ] (^٢) - فتَناوَلتُ مِنها عُنقودًا، ولَو أخَذتُه لأكَلتُم مِنه ما بَقِيَتِ الدُّنيا، وأُريتُ\n_________\n(^١) أى: توقفت وأحجمت. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ٢١٣.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، س.","vol":"7","page":8},{"text":"النّارَ فلَم أرَ كاليَومِ مَنظَرًا أفظَعَ مِنها، ورأَيتُ أكثَرَ أهلِها النِّساءَ\". قالوا: لِمَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"بكُفرِهِنَّ\". قيلَ: يَكفُرنَ باللهِ؟ قال: \"يَكفُرْنَ العَشيرَ، ويَكفُرْنَ الإحسانَ؛ لَو أحسَنتَ إلَى إحداهُنَّ الدَّهرَ ثُمَّ رأَت مِنكَ شَيئًا قالَت: ما رأَيتُ مِنكَ خَيرًا قَطُّ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ. وفِى حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ قال: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ فصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- والنّاسُ مَعَه. وكَذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ إسحاقَ عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الشّافِعِىُّ قَولَه: \"أفظَعَ مِنها\". والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ عيسَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المَسجِدِ فقامَ فَكَبَّرَ، وصفَّ النّاسُ وراءَه، فاقتَرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قِراءَةً طَويلَةً، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فرَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثُمَّ قامَ فاقتَرأَ قِراءَةً طَويلَةً هِىَ أدنَى مِنَ القِراءَةِ الأولَى، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فرَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا هو أدنَى مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٠٣٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٤٢، ومالك ١/ ١٨٦، ١٨٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧١١)، والبخارى (٧٤٨، ٣٢٠٢)، والنسائى (١٤٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣٧٧) عن الربيع به. وأبو داود (١١٨٩) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٩، ٤٣١، ١٠٥٢)، ومسلم (٩٠٧/ ...).","vol":"7","page":9},{"text":"الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثُمَّ فعَلَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فاستَكمَلَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ، وانجَلَتِ الشَّمسُ قَبلَ أن يَنصَرِفَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ وأَثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الشمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللهِ لا يَخسِفانِ (^١) لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإِذا رأَيتُموهُما فافزَعوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣). وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عَنبَسَةَ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٤)، وزاد ما:\n\n٦٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: وكانَ كَثيرُ بنُ عباسٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ مِثلَ حَديثِ عُروةَ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ (^٥).\n\n٦٣٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا (^٦) الرّمادِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ بهَذا وزادَ: فقُلتُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"ينخسفان\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٣٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٨٠)، والنسائى (١٤٧١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٣٤٨٠) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٠١/ ٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٤٦).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١١٨١). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٠٤٨).\n(^٦) سقط من: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":10},{"text":"لِعُروَةَ: إنَّ أخاكَ يَومَ خَسَفَتِ (^١) الشَّمسُ بالمَدينَةِ لَم يَزِدْ على رَكعَتَينِ مِثلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ. قال: أجَل، إنَّه أخطأَ السُّنَّةَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٣) بطولِه مَعَ هاتَينِ الزّيادَتَينِ (^٤).\n\n٦٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ شِهابِ يُخبِرُ بذَلِكَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فقُلتُ لِعُروَةَ: ما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَخوكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، ما صَلَّى إلَّا رَكعَتَينِ مِثلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ إذ صَلَّى بالمَدينَةِ. قال: أجَل، إنَّه أخطأَ السُّنَّةَ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ عباسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ في رَكعَتَينِ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ دونَ حَديثِ كَثيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ مَعَ حَديثِ كَثيرٍ دونَ قِصَّةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٦).\n\n٦٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"كسفت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧١) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بهذا وزاد فقلت لعروة\".\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٤٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٦٨) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٦) البخارى (١٠٦٥)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٥، ٩٠٢).","vol":"7","page":11},{"text":"صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ التَّميمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى فأَطالَ القيامَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فأَطالَ القيامَ وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فأَطالَ القيامَ وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فأَطالَ القيامَ وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وتَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَخسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، ولَكِنَّهُما مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ، فإِذا رأَيتُموها فصَلُّوا وتَصدَّقوا واذكُروا اللهَ وادعُوه\". ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أُمّةَ محمدٍ، واللَّهِ إنْ أحَدٌ أغيَرَ مِنَ اللهِ أن يَزنِىَ عبدُه أو تَزنِىَ أمَتُه، يا أُمَّةَ محمدٍ، واللَّهِ لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلَمُ لَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا ولَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا\". قالَت: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيه فقالَ: \"ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قال: وحَدَّثَنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى (^١). فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن عبدَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٠٢٨) من طريق هناد عن أبى معاوية به. والنسائى (١٤٩٩) من طريق عبدة به، وسيأتى في (٦٤١٤، ٦٤٣٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٣١)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٢).","vol":"7","page":12},{"text":"٦٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ يَهوديَّةً جاءَت تَسأَلُها، فقالَت لَها: أعاذَكِ اللهُ مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ. فسألَتْ عائشَةُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أيُعَذَّبُ النّاسُ في قُبورِهِم؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عائذًا باللَّهِ مِن ذَلِكَ\". ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ غَداةٍ مَركَبًا فخَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فرَجَعَ ضُحًى، فمَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ ظَهرانَىِ الحُجَرِ، ثُمَّ قامَ يُصَلِّى وقامَ النّاسُ وراءَه فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فسَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فسَجَدَ وانصَرَفَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ، ثُمَّ أمَرَهُم أن يَتَعَوَّذوا مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ وهو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٩٤) عن أبى الحسن به مختصرًا، ومالك ١/ ١٨٧، ١٨٨، ومن طريقه البخارى (١٠٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٦٨)، والنسائى (١٤٧٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٤٩).","vol":"7","page":13},{"text":"٦٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَمْرَةَ تُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: أتَت يَهوديَّةٌ فقالَت: أعاذَكِ اللَّهُ مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ. فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لَنُعَذَّبُ في قُبورِنا؟ فقالَ كَلِمَةً: \"إنِّى عائذٌ باللهِ مِن ذَلِكَ\". قالَت: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومًا في مَركَبٍ وكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَرَجتُ أنا ونِسوَةٌ بَينَ الحُجَرِ، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن مَركَبِه سَريعًا حَتَّى قامَ في مُصلَّاه، فكَبَّرَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فسَجَدَ سُجودًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سُجودًا طَويلًا وهو دونَ السُّجودِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ فعَلَ في الثّانيَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فكانَت صَلاتُه أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ. قالَت: فسَمِعتُه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ، وقالَ: \"إنَّكُم تُفتَنونَ في قُبورِكُم كَفِتنَةِ المَسيحِ\". أو: \"كَفِتنَةِ الدَّجّالِ\" (^١).\n\n٦٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَسُقِ المَتنَ (^٢)، وأَحالَ به على رِوايَةِ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (١٧٩). وأخرجه البخارى (١٠٦٤)، والنسائى (١٤٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٩٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٠٣/ ...).","vol":"7","page":14},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^١)، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ وصفُ السُّجودِ بالطُّولِ، وهو في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ كما ذَكَرنا.\n\n٦٣٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِىُّ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثم نودِىَ: الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً. فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ في سَجدَةٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ في سَجدَةٍ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ حَتَى جُلِّىَ عن الشَّمسِ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ما سَجَدتُ سُجودًا قَطُّ ولا رَكَعتُ رُكوعًا قَطُّ أطوَلَ مِنه (^٢).\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن أبى النَّضرِ عن شَيبانَ (^٣).\n\n٦٣٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجادُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ قال: حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، وعَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبيه جَميعًا، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَطالَ القيامَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَركَعُ. فرَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٠٣/ ٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٤٠)، وتقدم في (٦٣٧٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٥١)، ومسلم (٩١٠).","vol":"7","page":15},{"text":"حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَرفَعُ. فرَفَعَ فأَطالَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَسجُدُ. ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فأَطالَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَرفَعُ. ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فجَلَسَ فأَطالَ الجُلوسَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَسجُدُ. ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فأَطالَ السُّجودَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ وفَعَلَ في الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى انجَلَتِ الشَّمسُ (^١).\nفَهَذا الرّاوِى حَفِظَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمْرٍو طولَ السُّجودِ ولَم يَحفَظْ رَكعَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ، وأبو سلَمةَ حَفِظَ رَكعَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ وحَفِظَ طولَ السُّجودِ عن عائشةَ.\n\n٦٣٨٥ - وقَد رَواه مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن سُفيانَ، فزادَ في الحديث: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فأَطالَ القيامَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَركَعُ. ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ حَتَّى قيلَ: لا يَرفَعُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ (^٢) الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بالإسنادَينِ جَميعًا مَعَ هذه الزّيادَةِ (^٣). وقَد أخرَجَه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ في \"مختصر الصحيح\" (^٤).\n\n٦٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه في الحديث التالى.\n(^٢) في س، والمستدرك: \"عباس\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٩، وقال: حديث الثورى عن يعلى بن عطاء غريب صحيح. ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٤) ابن خزيمة (١٣٩٣). وتقدم في (٣٤٠٧) من طريق عطاء بن السائب به.","vol":"7","page":16},{"text":"حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في يَومٍ شَديدِ الحَرِّ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَطالَ القيامَ حَتَّى جَعَلوا يَخِرّونَ. قال: ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فأَطالَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فأَطالَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَنَعَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فكانَت أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ، وجَعَلَ يَتَقَدَّمُ ويَتأَخَّرُ في صَلاتِه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على أصحابِه فقالَ: \"إنِّى عُرِضَت علىَّ الجَنَّةُ والنّارُ، فقَرُبتُ مِن (^١) الجَنَّةِ حَتَّى لَو تَناوَلتُ مِنها [قِطفًا نِلتُه\" أو قال: \"قَصُرَت يَدِى عنه\" شَكَّ هِشامٌ \"وعُرِضَت علىَّ النّارُ، فجَعَلتُ أتأَخَّرُ رَهبَةَ أن تَغشاكُم، ورأَيتُ امرأَةً] (^٢) حِمْيَريَّةً سَوداءَ طَويلَةً تُعَذَّبُ في هِرَّةٍ لَها رَبَطَتها فلَم تُطعِمْها ولَم تَسقِها ولَم تَدَعْها تأكُلُ مِن خَشاشِ (^٣) الأرضِ، ورأَيتُ فيها أبا ثُمامَةَ عمرَو بنَ مالكٍ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَه (^٤) في النّارِ، وِإنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنكَسِفانِ إلَّا لِمَوتِ عَظيمٍ. وِإنَّهُما آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ يُريكُموها، فإِذا انكَسَفا فصَلُّوا حَتَّى يَنجَلِىَ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"منى\".\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٣) خشاش الأرض: هوامها وحشراتها، وقيل: صغار الطير، وحكى القاضى فتح الخاء وكسرها وضمها، والفتح هو المشهور. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ٢٠٧، وينظر إكمال المعلم ١/ ٣٣٤.\n(^٤) القصب: اسم للأمعاء كلها، وقيل: هو ما كان أسفل البطن من الأمعاء. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٦٧.\n(^٥) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (٩٦)، والطيالسى (١٨٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٠١٨)، وأبو داود (١١٧٩)، والنسائى (١٤٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٠٤/ ٩).","vol":"7","page":17},{"text":"٦٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ الشَّمسَ خَسَفَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فصَلَّى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). ورُوِىَ هَذا الحَديثُ أيضًا عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ الشّافِعِىِّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٣)، فهو مِمّا تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى ابنُ سُلَيمٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وفيما مَضى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٦٣٨٨ - حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرمَوِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ النَّسَوِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الحارِثُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ الأنصارِىُّ ثُمَّ الخَطْمِىّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ أبى العَوجاءِ، عن أبى شُرَيحٍ الخُزاعِىِّ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ في عَهدِ عثمانَ -﵁- بالمَدينَةِ وبِها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ. قال: فخَرَجَ عثمانُ -﵁-، فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ تِلكَ الصَّلاةَ رَكعَتَينِ وسَجدَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ. قال: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ عثمانُ فدَخَلَ دارَه، وجَلَسَ عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عبد\". وينظر تعقيب المصنف على الحديث، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٢٠. وأخرجه في المعرفة (١٩٧٥) من طريق الزعفرانى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٢١ من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد بن العباس الشافعى به.","vol":"7","page":18},{"text":"ابنُ مَسعودٍ إلَى حُجرَةِ عائشةَ وجَلَسنا إلَيه، فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يأمُرُ بالصَّلاةِ عِندَ كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ والقَمَرِ، فإذا رأَيتُم قَد أصابَهُما فافزَعوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ؛ فإِنَّها إن كانَتِ التى تَحذَرونَ كانَت وأَنتُم على غَيرِ غَفلَةٍ، وإِن لَم تَكُنْ كُنتُم قَد أصَبْتُم خَيرًا أوِ اكتَسَبْتُموه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٣٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ: أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ صَلَّى بالمَدائنِ مِثلَ صَلاةِ ابنِ عباسٍ في الكُسوفِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1376>بابُ مَن أجازَ أن يُصَلِّىَ في الخُسوفِ رَكعَتَيِن في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ ثَلاثَ رُكوعاتٍ</span>\n\n٦٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى مَن أُصَدِّقُ -يُريدُ عائشةَ- أنَّ الشَّمسَ انكَسَفَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقامَ قيامًا شَديدًا يَقومُ قائمًا (^٣)، ثُمَّ يَركَعُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ، ثُمَّ يَركَعُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٨٧) عن يعقوب به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٢٠٦، ٢٠٧: رجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٣٩٤) عن أبى خيثمة به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"قياما\".","vol":"7","page":19},{"text":"ثُمَّ يَقومُ، ثُمَّ يَركَعُ، رَكعَتَينِ في ثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ (^١) وأَربَعِ سَجَداتٍ، فانصَرَفَ وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشثَمسُ، وكانَ إذا رَكَعَ قال: \"اللَّهُ أكبَرُ\". ثُمَّ يَركَعُ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه قال: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". فقامَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لحَياتِه، ولَكِنَّهُما مِن آياتِ اللهِ يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ بهِما، فإِذا رأَيتُم كُسوفًا فاذكُروا اللَّهَ حَتَّى يَنجَلِىَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: حَسِبتُه يُريدُ عائشةَ (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ وجَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: ظَنَنتُ أنَّه يُريدُ عائشَةَ (^٤).\n\n٦٣٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ جَميعًا عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ، وهَذا حَديثُ إسحاقَ: وقال مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ. قُلتُ لِمُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ: أهو عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم بلا شَكٍّ ولا مِريَةٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"ركوعات\". والركعة هنا بمعنى الركوع.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٧٧)، والنسائى (١٤٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعندهم: \"في كل ركعة ثلاث ركعات\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٠٢/ ٦).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٤٩٢٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٧٠) عن إسحاق به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٢) عن محمد بن بشار به.","vol":"7","page":20},{"text":"أبى غَسّانَ المِسمَعِىِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَتادَةُ لَم يَشُكَّ في أنَّه عن عائشةَ، وقَد خالَفَهُما عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ في إسنادِه، فرَواه عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأَخبَرَ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان في اليَومِ الَّذِى ماتَ فيه إبراهيمُ ابنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n\n٦٣٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الصُّولِىُّ إملاءً سنةَ أربَعٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكانَ ذَلِكَ في اليَومِ الَّذِى ماتَ فيه إبراهيمُ ابنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النّاسُ: إنَّما كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ لِمَوتِ إبراهيمَ، فقامَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فصلَّى بالنّاسِ سِتَّ رَكَعاتِ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ، كَبَّرَ ثُمَّ قرأَ فأَطالَ القِراءَةَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِمّا قامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقَرأَ دونَ القِراءَةِ الأولَى، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِمّا قامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقَرأَ القِراءَةَ الثّالِثَةَ دونَ القِراءَةِ الثّانيَةِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِمّا قامَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه وانحَدَرَ لِلسُّجودِ فسَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ فرَكَعَ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ قَبلَ أن يَسجُدَ لَيسَ فيها رَكعَةٌ إلَّا التى قَبلَها أطوَلُ مِنها، إلَّا أن يَكونَ رُكوعُه نَحوًا مِن قيامِه، ثُمَّ تأَخرَ في صَلاتِه فتأَخرَتِ الصُّفوفُ مَعَه، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فقامَ في مَقامِه وتَقَدَّمَتِ الصُّفوفُ مَعَه، فقَضَى الصَّلاةَ وقَد طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٠٢/ ٧).","vol":"7","page":21},{"text":"آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ بشرٍ، فإِذا رأَيتُم شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا حَتَّى تَنجَلِىَ\" (^١).\n\n٦٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: ورُكوعُه نَحوٌ مِن سُجودِه. وزادَ في تأَخُّرِ الصُّفوفِ قال: حَتَّى إذا انتَهَى إلَى النِّساءِ. ثُمَّ زادَ في آخِرِ الحديثِ: \"ما مِن شَئٍ توعَدونَه إلَّا وقَد رأَيتُه في صَلاتِى هذه، حَتَّى جِئَ بالنّارِ وذَلِكَ حينَ رأَيتُمونِى تأَخرتُ مَخافَةَ أن يُصيبَنِى مِن لَفْحِها، وحَتَّى رأَيتُ فيها صاحِبَ المِحجَنِ (^٢) يَجُرُّ قُصْبَه في النّارِ كان يَسرِقُ مَتاعَ الحُجّاجِ بمِحجَنِه، فإِن فُطِنَ له قال: إنَّه تَعَلَّقَ بمِحجَنِى. وإِن غُفِلَ عنه ذَهَبَ، وحَتَّى رأَيتُ فيها صاحِبَةَ الهِرَّةِ التى رَبَطَتها فلَم تُطعِمْها ولَم تَدَعْها تأكُلُ مِن خَشاشِ الأرضِ حَتَّى ماتَت جوعًا، ثُمَّ جِئَ بالجَنَّةِ وذَلِكُم حينَ رأَيتُمونِى تَقَدَّمتُ حَتَّى قُمتُ في مَقامِى، ولَقَد مَدَدتُ يَدِى وأَنا أُريدُ أن أتَناوَلَ مِن ثَمَرِها لِتَنظُروا إلَيه، ثُمَّ بَدا لِى ألَّا أفعَلَ، فما مِن شَئٍ توعَدونَه إلَّا قَد رأَيتُه في صَلاتِى هذه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٧٨)، وأحمد (١٤٤١٧). وتقدم في (٣٤٨١).\n(^٢) المحجن: عود معقف الرأس مع الراكب يحرك به راحلته. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٩٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠١٠ - منتخب) من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٠٤/ ١٠).","vol":"7","page":22},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: مَن نَظَرَ في هذه القِصَّةِ وفِى القِصَّةِ التى رَواها أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^١) عَلِمَ أنَّها قِصَّةٌ واحِدَةٌ، وأَنَّ الصَّلاةَ التى أخبَرَ عَنها إنَّما فعَلَها يَومَ توُفِّىَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وقَدِ اتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن عائشةَ (^٢)، ورِوايَةُ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وكَثيرِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ أبى سلَمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤)، ورِوايَةُ أبى الزُّبَير عن جابر بن عبدِ اللَّهِ [على أنَّ] (^٥) النَّبىَّ -ﷺ- إنَّما صَلَّاها رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعًةٍ رُكوعَينِ، وَفِى حِكايَةِ أكثَرِهِم قَولَه -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللهِ لا تَنخَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه\". دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه إنَّما صَلَّاها يَومَ توُفِّىَ ابنُه، فخَطَبَ وقالَ هذه المَقالَةَ رَدًّا لِقَولِهِم: إنَّما كَسَفَت لِمَوتِهِ. وفِى اتِّفاقِ هَؤُلاءِ العَدَدِ مَعَ فضلِ حِفظِهِم دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه لَم يَزِدْ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ على رُكوعَينِ كما ذَهَبَ إلَيه الشّافِعِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ رَحِمَهُما اللهُ تَعالَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٣٨٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٣٧٥، ٦٣٧٨، ٦٣٧٩ - ٦٣٨٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٣٧٤، ٦٣٧٦، ٦٣٧٧، ٦٣٧٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٣٨٣).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٦) ينظر الأم ١/ ٢٤٥، وعلل الترمذى ص ٩٧.\nوسيرد رأى الشافعى في (٦٣٩٦)، ورأى البخارى قبل (٦٣٩٧).","vol":"7","page":23},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1377>بابُ مَن أجازَ ان يُصَلِّىَ في الخُسوفِ رَكعَتَيِن في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ أربَعَ رُكوعاتٍ</span>\n\n٦٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: زادَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ فيه عن الحَسَنِ بنِ سُفيانَ قال: وعن علىٍّ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وذَكَرَ فيه عَليًّا (^٢).\n\n٦٣٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حَبيبُ ابنُ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه صَلَّى في كُسوفٍ فقَرأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قرأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قرأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ قرأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، وفِى الأُخرَى مِثلَها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٨٣٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٥)، والنسائى (١٤٦٦) من طريق ابن علية به. وستأتى الرواية عن على في (٦٤٠١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٨٣) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٣٢٣٦)، والترمذى (٥٦٠)، والنسائى (١٤٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٥) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"7","page":24},{"text":"وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^١).\nوأَمّا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ ﵀ فإِنَّه أعرَضَ عن هذه الرِّواياتِ التى فيها خِلافُ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ.\nوقَد رُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وكَثيرِ بنِ عباسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه صَلَّاها رَكعَتَينِ، في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رُكوعَينِ (^٢). وحَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ وإِن كان مِنَ الثِّقاتِ فقَد كان يُدَلِّسُ، ولَم أجِدْه ذَكَرَ سَماعَه في هَذا الحديثِ عن طاوُسٍ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ حَمَلَه عن غَيرِ مَوثوقٍ به عن طاوُسٍ. وقَد رَوَى سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن فِعلِه أنَّه صَلَّاها سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ، فخالَفَه في الرَّفعِ والعَدَدِ جَميعًا:\n\n٦٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: فقالَ يَعنِى بَعضَ مَن كان يُناظِرُه: رَوَى بَعضُكُم أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ في كُل رَكعَةٍ. قُلتُ له: هو مِن وجهٍ مُنقَطِعٍ ونَحنُ لا نُثبِتُ المُنقَطِعَ على الانفِرادِ ووَجهٍ نَراه -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ- غَلَطًا. قال: وهَل يُروَى عن ابنِ عباسٍ صَلاةُ ثَلاثِ رَكَعاتٍ (^٣)؟ قُلنا: نَعَم؛ أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا يقولُ: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فصَلَّى بنا ابنُ عباسٍ في صُفَّةِ (^٤) زَمزَمَ سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٠٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ركوعان\".\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"في كل ركعة\".\n(^٤) الصفة: مكان مظلل. هدى السارى ١/ ١٤٥.","vol":"7","page":25},{"text":"سَجَداتٍ. فقالَ: فما جَعَلَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١) أثبَتَ مِن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ؟ قُلتُ: الدَّلالَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ موافِقَةٌ حَديثَ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عنه؛ رُوِى عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَفوانَ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ صَلَّى على ظَهرِ زَمزَمَ في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). وابنُ عباسٍ لا يُصَلِّى في الخُسوفِ خِلافَ صَلاةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إن شاءَ اللهُ، وإِذا كان عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ وصَفوانُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ والحَسَنُ يَروونَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ خِلافَ ما رَوَى سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ كانَت رِوايَةُ ثَلاثٍ أولَى أن تُقبَلَ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ وزيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ أكثَرُ حَديثًا وأَشهَرُ بالعِلمِ بالحَديثِ مِن سُلَيمانَ. قال: فقَد روِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه صَلَّى في زَلزَلَةٍ ثلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ. قُلتُ: لَو ثَبَتَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أشبَهَ أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ فرَّقَ بَينَ خُسوفِ الشَّمسِ والقَمَرِ والزَّلزَلَةِ، وإِن (^٣) سَوَّى بَينَهُما فأَحاديثُنا (^٤) أكثَرُ وأَثبَتُ مِمّا رَوَيتَ، فأَخَذنا بالأكثَرِ الأثبَتِ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما أرادَ الشّافِعِىُّ بالمُنقَطِعِ حَديثَ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ حَيثُ قالَه عن عائشةَ -﵂- بالتَّوَهُّمِ (^٦)، وأَرادَ بالغَلَطِ حَديثَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٣٧٤).\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه في (٦٤٤٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وإنه\".\n(^٤) في م: \"فأحاديثها\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٨٣، ١٩٨٧)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٩١، ١٩٢.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٣٩٠، ٦٣٩١).","vol":"7","page":26},{"text":"أبى سُلَيمانَ (^١)؛ فإِنَّ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ خالفَه فرَواه عن عَطاءٍ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: أقضِى لابنِ جُرَيجٍ على عبدِ المَلِكِ في حَديثِ عَطاءٍ (^٢). وفيما حَكَى أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ \"العلل\" عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىِّ ﵀ أنَّه قال: أصَحُّ الرّواياتِ عِندِى في صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ أربَعُ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد روِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ عن حُذَيفَةَ:\n\n٦٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى عِندَ كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ بالنّاسِ فقامَ فكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قرأَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ كما قرأَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ كما رَكَعَ، صنَعَ ذَلِكَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ قَبلَ أن يَسجُدَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ في الثّانيَةِ فصَنَعَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ولَم يَقرأْ بَينَ الرُّكوعِ (^٤). محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٣٩٢، ٦٣٩٣).\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٥١٢٣).\n(^٣) العلل الكبير ص ٩٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٢٩٢٤)، والطبرانى في الدعاء (٢٢٣٤) من طريق محمد بن عمران به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٢٠٨: فيه محمد بن أبى ليلى وفيه كلام.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٨٧).","vol":"7","page":27},{"text":"ورُوِىَ خَمسُ رُكوعاتٍ في رَكعَةٍ بإسنادٍ لَم يَحتَجَّ بمِثلِه صاحِبا \"الصحيح\"، ولَكِن أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^١) وهو ما:\n\n٦٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وموسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ واللَّفظُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ أيّوبَ قالوا: أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عبدِ المُؤمِنِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن رَبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن أُبَىِّ ابنِ كَعبٍ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى بهِم فقَرأَ سورَةً مِنَ الطِّوالِ، ورَكَعَ خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ في الثّانيَةِ فقَرأَ سورَةً مِنَ الطِّوالِ، ورَكَعَ خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ كما هو مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ يَدعو حَتَّى تَجَلَّى كُسوفُها (^٢).\n\n٦٣٩٩ - ويُذكَرُ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- صَلَّى في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ خَمسَ رَكَعات وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ. أَخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن هُشَيمٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ بذَلِكَ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن علىٍّ -﵁-: أربَعُ رَكَعاتٍ في رَكعَةٍ:\n\n٦٤٠٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٨٢).\n(^٢) زوائد المسند (٢١٢٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٨٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٦٨.","vol":"7","page":28},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ علىٍّ -﵁-. قال: فخَرَجَ فصَلَّى بمَن عِندَه فقَرأَ سورَةَ \"الحَجِّ\" و\"يس\"، لا أدرِى بأَيِّهِما بَدأَ وجَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقامَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه، [ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقامَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه] (^١)، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ نَحوًا مِن قيامِه أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فى الرّابِعَةِ، ثُمَّ قامَ فقَرأَ بسورَةِ \"الحَجِّ\" و\"يس\"، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَنَعَ كما صَنَعَ فى الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى ثَمانِ رَكَعاتٍ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ فدَعا، ثُمَّ انصرَفَ، فوافَقَ انصِرافُه وقَدِ انجَلَى عن الشَّمسِ (^٢). لَم يَرفَعْه سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِىُّ، ورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُرِّ عن الحَكَمِ فرَفَعَه:\n\n٦٤٠١ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ وأبو نُعَيمٍ وحَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الطَّنافِسِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: حَنَشٌ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فصَلَّى علىٌّ -﵁- لِلنّاسِ، فقَرأَ بـ \"يس\" ونَحوِها، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ [نَحوًا مِن قِراءَتِه السّورَةَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه وقالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. ثُمَّ قامَ قَدرَ السّورَةِ] (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٣٦) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) ليس فى: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":29},{"text":"[يَدعو ويُكَبِّرُ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ] (^١) قَدْرَ قِراءَتِه، ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. ثُمَّ قامَ أيضًا قَدرَ السّورَةِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ قَدرَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا، حَتَى رَكَعَ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه. ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، ثُمَّ قامَ في الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ ففَعَلَ كَفِعلِه في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ يَدعو ويَرغَبُ حَتَّى انكَشَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَذَلِكَ فعَلَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ قال: حَنَشُ ابنُ المُعتَمِرِ أبو المُعتَمِرِ الكِنانِىُّ -وقالَ بَعضُهُم: حَنَشُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ- سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁-، رَوَى عنه سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ والحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ (^٣)، يَتَكَلَّمونَ في حَديثِه، وهو كوفِىٌّ، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِىِّ (^٤). قال أبو أحمدَ: وقالَ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَسائىُّ فيما أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ العباسِ عنه: حَنَشُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: ومِن أصحابِنا مَن ذَهَبَ إلَى تَصحيحِ الأخبارِ الوارِدَةَ في هذه الأعدادِ، وأَنَّ النَبِىَّ -ﷺ- فعَلَها مَرَّاتٍ؛ مَرَّةً رُكوعَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، ومَرَّةً\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٦) عن يحيى بن آدم به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٨٨، ١٣٩٤) من طريق أبى نعيم به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٢٠٧: رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٣: \"عيينة\".\n(^٤) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٤٤. والتاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٣٧، والتاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٩٩، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٤١، وفيه: \"الحكم بن قتيبة\".\n(^٥) هو حنش بن المعتمر، ويقال: ابن ربيعة الكنانى، أبو المعتمر الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٨٤٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤٣٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ص ١٧١. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٠٥: صدوق، له أوهام ويرسل.","vol":"7","page":30},{"text":"ثلاثَ رُكوعاتٍ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، ومَرَّةً أربَعَ رُكوعاتٍ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ، فأَدَّى كُلٌّ مِنهُم ما حَفِظَ، وأَنَّ الجَميعَ جائزٌ، وكأَنَّه -ﷺ- كان يَزيدُ في الرُّكوعِ إذا لَم يَرَ الشَّمسَ قَد تَجَلَّت. ذَهَبَ إلَى هَذا إسحاقُ بنُ راهُويه (^١)، ومِن بَعدِه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ (^٢)، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، وأبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ (^٣)، واستَحسَنَه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ صاحِبُ \"الخلافيات\" (^٤)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوالَّذِى اختاره (^٥) الشّافِعِىُّ (^٦) مِنَ التَّرجيحِ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1378>بابُ مَن صَلَّى في الخُسوفِ رَكعَتَيِن</span>\n\n٦٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٧). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) في سنن الترمذى عقب (٥٦٠) عنه: \"أربع ركعات في أربع سجدات\".\n(^٢) صحيح ابن خزيمة عقب (١٣٨٥).\n(^٣) معالم السنن ١/ ٢٥٦، ٢٥٧.\n(^٤) الأوسط عقب (٢٨٣٨).\n(^٥) في ص ٣، م: \"أشار إليه\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٣٩٦).\n(^٧) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٣٣٠ عن ابن مرزوق به. وأخرجه البزار (٣٦٦٠) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.","vol":"7","page":31},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ عامِرٍ (^١).\nوهَذا خَبَرٌ عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ توُفِّىَ ابنُه إبراهيمُ ﵇ بِدَليلِ ما:\n\n٦٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيه ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فانكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَجُرُّ رِداءَه حَتَى انتَهَى إلَى المَسجِدِ وثابَ النّاسُ، فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ، فلَمّا انكَشَفَ قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ بهِما عِبادَه، وإِنَّهُما لا يَنخَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياته، فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا حَتَّى يُكشَفَ ما بكُم\". قال: وذَلِكَ أنَّ ابنًا له ماتَ يُقالُ له: إبراهيمُ. فقالَ ناسٌ في ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ، إلَّا أنَّ أبا مَعمَرٍ لَم. يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ بهِما عِبادَه\" (^٣). وقَد ذَكَرَه جَماعَةٌ.\nوقَولُه في الحديثِ: فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ. مَعَ إخبارِه أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان يَومَ توُفِّىَ إبراهيمُ ﵇، يُريدُ به رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رُكوعَينِ كما أثبَتَه ابنُ عباسٍ وعائشَةُ وجابِرٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٠٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٤٩٠) عن عمران بن موسى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٦٣).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٦٣٧٤ - ٦٣٨٣، ٦٣٨٥، ٦٣٨٦).","vol":"7","page":32},{"text":"٦٤٠٤ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وغَيرُه عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، فقالوا في الحديثِ: فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ كما تُصَلّونَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن يونُسَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، وقالَ: كما تُصَلّونَ. إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ مَوتَ ابنِه ﵇ (^١). وصَلاةُ الخُسوفِ كانَت مَشهورَةً فيما بَينَهُم فأَشارَ إلَيها، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ ابنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا الجُرَيْرِىُّ، عن حَبّانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: بَينَما أنا أرمِى بأَسهُمٍ لِى في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذِ انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فنَبَذْتُهُنَّ وقُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ ما يَحدُثُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ اليَومَ. قال: فانتَهَيتُ إلَيه وهو رافِغ يَدَيه يُسَبِّحُ ويَحمَدُ ويُهَلِّلُ ويُكَبِّرُ ويَدْعو، حَتَّى حُسِرَ عن الشَّمسِ، فقَرأَ بسورَتَينِ ورَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىِّ (^٣). وقَولُه: فقَرأَ بسورَتَينِ ورَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ. يحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مُرادُه بذَلِكَ في كُل رَكعَةٍ، فقَد رُوِّيناه عن جَماعَةٍ أثبَتوه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٥٠١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٤) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٩٥) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأحمد (٢٠٦١٧)، ومسلم (٩١٣/ ٢٦، ٢٧)، والنسائى (١٤٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٣) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩١٣/ ٢٥).","vol":"7","page":33},{"text":"والمُثبِتُ شاهِدٌ فهو أولَى بالقَبولِ.\n\n٦٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فخَرَجَ فزِعًا يَجُرُّ ثَوبَه حَتَى أتَى المَسجِدَ، فلَم يَزَلْ يُصَلِّى حَتَّى انجَلَت، [فلَمّا انجَلَت] (^١) قال: \"إنّ ناسًا يَزعُمونَ أنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنكَسِفانِ إلَّا لِمَوتِ عَظيمٍ مِنَ العُظَماءِ، ولَيسَ كَذَلِكَ؛ إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، ولكنِّهُما آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ، وإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ إذا تَجَلَّى لِشَيءٍ مِن خَلقِه خَشَعَ له، فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا كأَحدَثِ صَلاة صَلَّيتُمُوها مِنَ المَكتوبَةِ\" (^٢). هَذا مُرسَلٌ؛ أبو قِلابَةَ لَم يَسمَعْه مِنَ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، إنَّما رَواه عن رَجُلٍ عن النُّعمانِ، ولَيسَ فيه هذه اللَّفظَةُ الأخيرَةُ:\n\n٦٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فجَعَلَ يُصَلِّى\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٨٤)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف النسائي (١٤٨٥).","vol":"7","page":34},{"text":"رَكعَتَينِ ويُسَلِّمُ، [ويُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ ويُسَلِّمُ] (^١)، حَتَّى انجَلَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقالَ: \"إنَّ ناسًا مِنَ الجاهِليَّةِ كانوا يَقولونَ إذا كَسَفَ واحِدٌ مِنهُما: إنَّما يَنكَسِفُ لِمَوتِ عَظيمٍ مِن عُظَماءِ أهلِ الأرضِ. وإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيسَ كَذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَّهُما خَلقانِ مِن خَلقِ اللَّهِ، فإِذا تَجَلَّى اللهُ لِشَيءٍ مِن خَلقِه خَشَعَ له، فإِذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا\" (^٢). ورَواه الحارِثُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ البَصرِىُّ عن أيّوبَ عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، قال فيه: فجَعَلَ يُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ ويَسأَلُ (^٣) عَنها حَتَى انجَلَت (^٤).\nورَواه الحَسَنُ عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ خاليًا عن هذه الألفاظِ التى تُوهِمُ خِلافًا، وخاليًا عن لَفظِ التَّجَلِّى:\n\n٦٤٠٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ مُستَعجِلًا يَجُر رِداءَه حَتَى أتَى المَسجِدَ وقَدِ انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فصلَّى حَتَّى انجَلَت وقالَ: \"إنَّ أهلَ الجاهِليَّةِ يَقولونَ: إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنخَسِفانِ إلَّا لِمَوتِ عَظيمٍ مِن عُظَماءِ الأرضِ. وِإنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنخَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ، ولَكِنَّهُما خَلْقانِ مِن خَلقِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ويُحدِثُ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٥١) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) في م: \"وسأل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٩٣) من طريق الحارث بن عمير به.","vol":"7","page":35},{"text":"في خَلقِه ما يَشاءُ، فأَيُّهُما انخَسَفَ فصَلُّوا حَتَّى يَنجَلِىَ أو يُحدِثَ اللهُ ﷿ أمرًا\" (^١).\nهَذا أشبَهُ أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن قَبِيصَةَ الهِلالِىِّ:\n\n٦٤٠٩ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن قَبيصَةَ الهِلالِىِّ قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فصَلَّى بهِم رَكعَتَينِ أطالَ فيهِما القيامَ. قال: وانجَلَت، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما الآياتُ تَخويفًا يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ بها عِبادَه، فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فصَلُّوا كأَحدَثِ صَلاة صَلَّيتُموها مِنَ المَكتوبَةِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الوارِثِ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ وُهَيبٍ: \"تَخويفًا\". وزادَ في أوَّلِه: فخَرَجَ فزِعًا يَجُرُّ ثَوبَه وأَنا مَعَه يَومَئذٍ بالمَدينَةِ. وهَذا أيضًا لَم يَسمَعْه أبو قِلابَةَ عن قَبِيصَةَ، إنَّما رَواه عن رَجُلٍ عن قَبيصةَ:\n\n٦٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٨٩) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) الحا كم ١/ ٣٣٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٨٥) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٠٨) من طريق وهيب به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٠٧)، والنسائى (١٤٨٥) من طريق أيوب به. والنسائى (١٤٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٢) من طريق أبى قلابة به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٥٤).","vol":"7","page":36},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا رَيْحانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عامِرٍ، أنَّ قَبيصَةَ الهِلالِىَّ حَدَّثَه أنَّ الشَّمسَ كَسَفَت. بمَعنَى حَديثِ موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، قال: حَتَّى بَدَتِ النُّجومُ (^١). فأَلفاظُ هذه الأحاديثِ تَدُلُّ على أنَّها راجِعَةٌ إلَى الإخْبارِ عن صَلاتِه يَومَ توُفِّىَ ابنُه ﵉، وقَد أثبَتَ جَماعَةٌ مِن أصحابِه الحُفّاظِ عَدَدَ رُكوعِه في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ (^٢)، فهو أولَى بالقَبولِ مِن رِوايَةِ مَن لَم يُثبِتْه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوقَد ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ احتِجاجَ مَنِ احتَجَّ بحَديثِ أبى بكرَةَ (^٣) أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى في الكُسوفِ رَكعَتَينِ نَحوًا مِن صَلاتِكُم. وحَديثِ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ في مَعناه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^٤). وحَديثِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ (^٥)، ثُمَّ رَجَّحَ أحاديثَنا بأَنَّ الجائىَ بالزّيادِةِ أولَى أن يُقبَلَ قَولُه؛ لأنَّه أثبَتَ ما لَم يُثبِتِ الَّذِى نَقَصَ الحديثَ، وبِأَنَّ إسنادَنا في حَديثِنا مِن أثبَتِ إسنادِ النّاسِ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ -﵁- (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٨٦). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٥٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٣٧٤ - ٦٣٨٣، ٦٣٨٥، ٦٣٨٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٤٠٢، ٦٤٠٣).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (٦٤١٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٤٠٦ - ٦٤٠٨).\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٨٢)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٩٠، ١٩١.","vol":"7","page":37},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1379>بابُ مَن قال: يُسِرُّ بالقِراءَةِ في خُسوفِ الشَّمسِ</span>\n\n٦٤١١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ جَميعًا، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والنّاسُ مَعَه فقامَ قيامًا طَويلًا بنَحوٍ مِن سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى مُصعَبٍ: قرأَ نَحوًا مِن سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: في هَذا دَليلٌ على أنَّه لَم يَسمَعْ ما قرأَ؛ لأنَّه لَو سَمِعَه لَم يُقَدِّرْه بغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٤١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى صَلاةَ الكُسوفِ فلَم نَسمَعْ له صوتًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (٦٠٦)، وأبو داود (١١٨٩). وتقدم في (٦٣٧٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٥٢)، ومسلم (٩٠٧/ ...).\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٧٨) عن زيد بن الحباب به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٥٩: فيه ابن لهيعة.","vol":"7","page":38},{"text":"٦٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِئُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن ابنِ عَبّادٍ يَعنِى ثَعلَبَةَ رَجُلٌ مِن عبدِ القَيسِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ أنَّه قال في خُطبَتِه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في خُسوفِ الشَّمسِ، قال: فاستَقدَمَ فصلَّى بالنّاسِ ونَحنُ مَعَه، فقامَ كأَطوَلِ ما قامَ في مُصَلَّاه لا نَسمَعُ له صوتًا، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بنا كأَطوَلِ ما رَكَعَ بنا في صَلاةٍ لا نَسمَعُ له صَوتًا، ثُمَّ فعَلَ في الثّانيَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٦٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ اللَّيثِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى (^٢)، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ (^٣) إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى سلَمةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، كُلٌّ قَد حَدَّثَنِى عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فحَزَرْتُ قِراءَتَه فرأَيتُ أنَّه قرأَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قامَ فأَطالَ القِراءَةَ، فحَزَرْتُ قِراءَتَه فرأَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٩٧) من طريق أبى نعيم. وأحمد (٢٠١٦٠)، والترمذى (٥٦٢)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (١١٨٤)، والنسائى (١٤٨٣) من طريق الأسود به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٥٣).\n(^٢) عمه هو يعقوب بن إبراهيم بن سعد. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٥/ ٤٣.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أبى\".","vol":"7","page":39},{"text":"أنَّه قرأَ سورَةَ \"آلِ عِمرانَ\" (^١).\nورَواه أبو داودَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" إلَّا أنَّه قال في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى- بَعدَ قَولِها: بسورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\"-: وساقَ الحديثَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجدَتَينِ (^٢). وفِى ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على أنَّه قَصَدَ بهَذا الحديثِ وصْفَ القِراءَةِ دونَ وصفِ عَدَدِ الرُّكوعِ والقيامِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1380>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ الجَهرَ بها</span>\n\n٦٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ، سَمِعَ ابنَ شِهابٍ يُخبِرُ عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- جَهَرَ في صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ بقِراءَتِه، فإِذا فرَغَ مِن قِراءَتِه كَبَّرَ ورَكَعَ، وإِذا رَفَعَ رأسَه قال: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه، رَبَّنا ولَكَ الحَمدُ\". ثُمَّ يُعاوِدُ القِراءَةَ في صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ، فصَلَّى أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ في رَكعَتَينِ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ (^٤). قال البخارىُّ: تابَعَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ في الجَهرِ (^٥):\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٣، ٣٣٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وعنده: \"عبد الله بن سعيد\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١١٨٧). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٠٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٤٩٣)، وابن حبان (٢٨٥٠) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٠٦٥)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٤).\n(^٥) البخارى عقب (١٠٦٦).","vol":"7","page":40},{"text":"أمّا حَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ كَثير:\n\n٦٤١٦ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خسفتِ (^١) الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقامَ فكَبَّرَ وكَبَّرَ الناسُ، ثُمَّ قرأَ فجَهَرَ بالقُرآنِ وأَطالَ (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ:\n\n٦٤١٧ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ سَلمانَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ. أو قال: انخَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ. فصَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ (^٣). وقَد رُوِىَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٦٤١٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قرأَ قِراءَةً طَويلَةً يَجهَرُ بها في صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كسفت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٧٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٨٨٠) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٥٦٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٨٨١)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٩) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٨٨) عن العباس بن الوليد بن مزيد به.","vol":"7","page":41},{"text":"٦٤١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ يَعنِى السُّلَمِىَّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ حَفصٍ خالُ النُّفَيْلِىِّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى في كُسوفِ الشَمسِ أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ، فقَرأَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُولَى بـ \"العَنكَبوتِ\"، وفِى الثّانيَةِ بـ \"لُقمانَ\" أوِ \"الرّومِ\" (^١). ورُوِّينا عن حَنَشٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه جَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ (^٢). وفيما حَكَى أبو عيسَى التِّرمذِىُّ (^٣) عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىِّ أنَّه قال: حَديثُ عائشة -﵂- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-[جَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ الكُسوفِ، أصَحُّ عِندِى مِن حَديثِ سَمُرَةَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-] (^٤) أسَرَّ القِراءَةَ فيها.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: حَديثُ عائشةَ -﵂- في الجَهرِ يَنفَرد يه الزُّهرِىُّ. وقَد رُوّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ (^٥)، ثُمَّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٦) -﵄- ما يَدُلُّ على الإسرارِ بها (^٧)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٦٤ من طريق سعيد بن حفص به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٤٠٠).\n(^٣) علل الترمذى ص ٩٧ (١٦٤).\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٤١٤).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٤١١، ٦٤١٢).\n(^٧) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦١: رواية الزهرى في الجهر أصرح وأرجح.","vol":"7","page":42},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1381>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على جَوازِ اجتِماعِ الخُسوفِ والعيدِ لِجَوازِ وُقوعِ الخُسوفِ في العاشِرِ مِنَ الشَّهرِ </span>(^١)\n\n٦٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ تَميمٍ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ فَهْمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الواقِدِىُّ أنَّ إبراهيمَ ابنَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ماتَ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ لِعَشرِ لَيالٍ خَلَونَ مِن شَهرِ رَبيعٍ الأوَّلِ سنةَ عَشرٍ ودُفِنَ بالبَقيعِ، وكانَت وفاتُه في بَنِي مازِنٍ عِندَ أُمِّ بَرزَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ مِن بَنِى النَّجّارِ، وماتَ وهو ابنُ ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا (^٢).\n\n٦٤٢١ - وأَنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أَبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ خَلَفٍ وكيعٌ (^٣)، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُجَمِّعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أُمِّه سيرينَ قالَت: حَضَرتُ مَوتَ إبراهيمَ ابنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ يَومَئذٍ، فقالَ النّاسُ: هَذا لِمَوتِ إبراهيمَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ لا تَنكَسِفُ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لحَياتِه\". وماتَ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ لِعَشرٍ خَلَونَ مِن رَبيعٍ الأوَّلِ سنةَ عَشرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦١: لم يقع ذلك ولن يقع، والله قادر على كل شيء، لكن امتناع وقوع ذلك كامتناع رؤية الهلال ليلة ثامن وعشرين الشهر.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٢٩، وابن سعد ١/ ١٤٣، ١٤٤ وفيهما: أم بردة. بدلًا من: أم برزة. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦١: أفسدت إذا أسندت، فلو كان الواقدي رواه لرد، كيف ولم تسنده؟\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"ووكيع\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٦٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ١٤٣، ١٤٤ عن الواقدي به.","vol":"7","page":43},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه الزُّبَيرُ بنُ بَكّارٍ (^١)، فإِن كان مَحفوظًا فوَفاةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَه بسَنَةٍ سنةَ إحدَى عَشرَةَ. وقَد روّينا في أخبارٍ صَحيحَةٍ أنَّ الشَّمسَ خَسَفَت يَومَ توُفِّىَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ نَبِىِّ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٦٤٢٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ [بنُ محمدِ] (^٣) بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ العَلاءِ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: قُتِلَ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ -﵄- يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ يَومَ عاشوراءَ لِعَشرٍ مَضَينَ مِنَ المُحَرَّمِ سنةَ إحدَى وسِتّينَ وهو ابنُ أربَعٍ وخَمسينَ سنةً وسِتَةِ أشهُرٍ ونِصفٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٤٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسوَدِ النَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى قَبيلٍ، قال: لَمّا قُتِلَ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ -﵄- كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ كَسفَةً بَدَتِ الكَواكِبُ نِصفَ النَّهارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّها هِيَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٠٦ (٧٧٦) من طريق الزبير بإسناده إلى سيرين.\n(^٢) ينظر (٦٣٧٠، ٦٣٩٢، ٦٣٩٣، ٦٤٠٣).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ١٧٧. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٧٩٠) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق الثقفي به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٢٨٣٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦١: ابن لهيعة ضعيف، وبتقدير صحته لم يقل: إن الكسوف كان يوم مصرعه -﵁-، بل يكون قبل ذلك بأيام أو بعده.","vol":"7","page":44},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1382>بابُ الصَّلاةِ في خُسوفِ القَمَرِ</span>\n\n٦٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا [علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ] (^١)، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللهِ يُخَوِّفُ اللهُ (^٢) بهِما عِبادَه، وإِنَّهُما لا يَكسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ [ولا لحَياتِه] (^٣)، فإِذا رأَيتُم مِنها شَيئًا فصَلّوا وادْعُوا حَتَّى يَنكَشِفَ ما بكُم\" (^٤).\n\n٦٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ الوَرّاقُ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"يُكشَفَ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ (^٦).\nورُوّيناه في أوَّلِ هَذا الكِتابِ مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ ووَكيعٍ عن إسماعيلَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحسن\"، وفى ص ٣، م: \"الحسن بن على\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٧٦.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٣.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"من الناس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٥٦٦) عن يعلى به. وتقدم في (٦٣٧٠، ٦٣٧١).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢١٠ (٥٧٢) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩١١/ ٢١)، والبخاري (١٠٤١).","vol":"7","page":45},{"text":"وفيه: \"فإِذا رأَيتُموهُما فصَلُّوا\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ (^٢) قالَه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنِى هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أحْبرَنِى عمرُو ابنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَخسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، ولكنَّهُما آيَةٌ مِن آياتِ اللهِ، فإذا رأَيتُموها فصَلُّوا\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى أبو علىٍّ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَعنِى السَّيلَحينِىَّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٦) على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٣٧١).\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٦٤٤٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٨٣) عن هارون بن معروف به. والبخارى (٣٢٠١)، والنسائى (١٤٦٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٤٢)، ومسلم (٩١٤).\n(^٦) سقط من: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":46},{"text":"فخَرَجَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ من آياتِ اللَّهِ، وإِنَّهُما لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإِذا كَسَفَ واحِدٌ مِنهُما فصَلُّوا وادعوا واذكُروا اللَّهَ\" (^١). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ عن بشرِ بنِ موسَى بهَذا اللَّفظِ، وقَدِ استَشهَدَ البخارىُّ برِوايَةِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ مِثلَ صَلاتِكُم هذه في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ والقَمَرِ (^٣).\n\n٦٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: أنَّ القَمَرَ كَسَفَ وابنُ عباسٍ بالبَصرَةِ، فخَرَجَ ابنُ عباسٍ فصَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ، فخَطَبَنا فقالَ: إنَّما صلَّيتُ كما رأَيتُ رسولَ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى، وقالَ: \"إنَّما الشَّمسُ والقَمَرُ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ لا يَخسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإِذا رأَيتُم شَيئًا مِنهُما خاسِفًا فليَكُنْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٥٤٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠٤٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٨٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٣٤، ٣٣٥. وأخرجه النسائي (١٤٩١) من طريق خالد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦٢: إسناده صالح مع نكارته.","vol":"7","page":47},{"text":"فزَعُكُم إلَى اللَّهِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1383>بابُ الخُطبَةِ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الخسوفِ </span>(^٢)\n\n٦٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ، فقامَ فأَطالَ القيامَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فأَطالَ القيامَ وهو دونَ القيامِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فأَطالَ الرُّكوعَ وهو دونَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فسَجَدَ، ثُمَّ فعَلَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَطَبَ الناسَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَخسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فادعُوا اللَّهَ، وكَبروا، وتَصَدَّقُوا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أُمَّةَ محمدٍ، واللهِ ما مِن أحَدٍ أغيَرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ أن يَزنِىَ عبدُه أو تَزنِىَ أمَتُه، يا أُمَّةَ محمدٍ، لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلَمُ لَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا ولَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا\" (^٣).\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٩٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الكسوف\".\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٨٦، ومن طريقه النسائي (١٤٧٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٩١) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٠٤٤)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ١).","vol":"7","page":48},{"text":"٦٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فدَخَلتُ على عائشةَ -﵂- وهِىَ تُصَلِّى، فقُلتُ: ما شأنُ النّاسِ يُصَلّونَ؟ فأَشارَت برأسِها إلَى السَّماءِ، فقُلتُ: آيَةٌ؟ فقالَت: نَعَم. فأَطالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- القيامَ جِدًّا حَتَى تَجَلَّانِى الغَشْىُ (^١)، فأَخَذتُ قِربَةً مِن ماءٍ إلَى جَنبِى، فجَعَلتُ أصُبُّ على رأسِى الماءَ، فانصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، ما مِن شَيءٍ توعَدونَه لَم أكُنْ رأَيتُه إلَّا قَد رأَيتُه في مَقامِى هَذا، حَتَّى الجَنَّةُ والنّارُ، وِإنَّه قَد أوحِىَ إلَىَّ أنكُم تُفتَنونَ في القُبورِ قَريبًا -أو: مِثلَ- فِتنَةِ المَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ\". لا أدرِى أىَّ ذَلِكَ قالَت أسماءُ \"يُؤتَى أحَدُكُم فيُقالُ له: ما عِلمُكَ بهَذا الرَّجُلِ؟ فأَمّا المُؤمِنُ-أوِ: الموقِنُ- فيَقولُ: هو محمدٌ، هو رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَنا بالبَيناتِ والهُدَى، فأَجَبنا واتَّبَعنا. ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فيقالُ له: قَد كُنّا نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ كُنتَ [تُؤمِنُ به] (^٢) فنَمْ صالِحًا. وأَمّا المُنافِقُ- أوِ: المُرتابُ (^٣) \" لا أدرِى أىَّ ذَلِكَ قالَت أسماءُ \"فيقولُ: لا أدرِى سَمِعتُ النّاسَ يَقولونَ شَيئًا فقُلتُ\" (^٤). قال أبو الفَضلِ (^٥): وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) الغشى: طرف من الإغماء، والمراد به هنا الحالة القريبة منه. فتح البارى ١/ ١٨٣.\n(^٢) في س: \"مؤمنًا\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"فيقول\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٢٥) عن ابن نمير به. وتقدم في (٣٤٦٦).\n(^٥) هو أحمد بن سلمة الراوى عن الحسين.","vol":"7","page":49},{"text":"الحُسَينِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ عَبّادٍ العَبدِىُّ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ أنَّه شَهِدَ خُطبَةً يَومًا لِسَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، فذَكَرَ في خُطبَتِه: بَينا أنا يَومًا وغُلامٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ نَرمِى غَرَضًا لَنا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَى إذا كانَتِ الشَّمسُ على قِيدِ رُمحَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ في عَينِ النّاظِرِ مِنَ الأُفُقِ اسوَدَّت حَتَّى آضَت (^٣) كأنَّها تَنّومَةٌ (^٤)، فقالَ أحَدُنا لِصاحِبِه: انطَلِقْ بنا إلَى المَسجِدِ، فواللِه ليُحدِثَنَ شأنُ هذه الشَّمسِ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في أُمَّتِه حَدَثًا. فدَفَعْنا إلَى المَسجِدِ فإِذا هو بارِزٌ، فوافَقْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ خَرَجَ إلَى النّاسِ. قال: فتَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى بنا كأَطوَلِ ما قامَ بنا في صَلاةٍ قَطُّ لا يُسمَعُ له صَوتُه، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بنا كأَطوَلِ ما رَكَعَ بنا في صَلاةٍ قَطُّ لا يُسمَعُ له صَوتُه، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ بنا كأَطوَلِ ما سَجَدَ بنا في صَلاةٍ قَطُّ لا يُسمَعُ (^٥) له صَوتُه. قال: ثُمَّ فعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"نمر\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٠٥/ ١١)، والبخارى (٨٦، ١٠٥٣).\n(^٣) في س: \"أظلت\". ومعنى آضت: رجعت وصارت. النهاية ١/ ٥٣، ٨٥.\n(^٤) التنومة: نوع من نبات الأرض فيه وفي ثمره سواد قليل. النهاية ١/ ١٩٩.\n(^٥) في س، والمهذب ٣/ ١٢٦٤: \"نسمع\".","vol":"7","page":50},{"text":"في الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال: فوافَقَ تَجَلِّى الشَّمسِ جُلوسَه في الرَّكعَةِ الثّانيَةِ. قال: ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعالَى وأَثنَى عَلَيه، وشَهِدَ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وشَهِدَ أنَّه عبدُه ورسولُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ ورسولُ اللَّهِ فأُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ إن كُنتُم تَعلَمونَ أنِّى قَصَّرتُ عن شيءٍ مِن تَبليغِ رِسالاتِ رَبِّى لَما أخبَرتُمونِى حَتَّى أُبلِّغَ رِسالاتِ رَبِّى كما يَنبَغى لَها أن تُبَلَّغَ؟! وإن كُنتُم تَعلَمونَ أنِّى قَد بَلَّغتُ رِسالاتِ رَبِّى لَما أخبَرتُمونِى\"؟! قالَ: فقامَ الناس فقالوا: نَشهَدُ أنَّكَ قَد بَلَّغتَ رِسالاتِ رَبِّكَ ونَصَحتَ لأُمَّتِكَ وقَضَيتَ الَّذِى عَلَيكَ. قال: ثُمَّ سَكَتوا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ رِجالًا يَزعُمونَ أنَّ كُسوفَ هذه الشَّمسِ، وكُسوفَ هَذا القَمَرِ، وزَوالَ هذه النُّجومِ عن مَطالعِها، لِمَوتِ رِجالٍ عُظَماءَ مِن أهلِ الأرضِ، وإنَّهُم كَذَبوا، ولَكِن آياتٌ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ يَفتِنُ بها عِبادَه ليَنظُرَ مَن يُحدِثُ مِنهُم تَوبَةً. واللَّهِ لَقَد رأَيتُ مُنذُ قُمتُ أُصَلِّى ما أنتُم لاقُونَ في دُنياكُم وآخِرَتِكُم، وإنَّه واللَّهِ لا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ ثَلاثونَ كَذّابًا آخِرُهُمُ الأعوَرُ الدَّجّالُ، مَمسوخ العَينِ اليُسرَى كأنَّها عَينُ أبى تِحيَى -لِشَيخٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ- وإنَّه مَتَى خَرَجَ فإِنَّه يَزعُمُ أنَّه اللهُ، فمَن آمَنَ به وصدَّقَه واتَّبَعَه فلَيسَ يَنفَعُه صالِحٌ مِن عَمَل سَلَفَ، ومَن كَفَرَ به وكَذَّبَه فلَيسَ يُعاقَبُ بشَيء مِن عَمَلِه سَلَفَ، وإنَّه سَيَظهَرُ على الأرضِ كُلِّها إلَّا الحَرَمَ وبَيتَ المَقدِسِ، وإنَّه يَحضُرُ المُؤمِنينَ في بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، فيُزَلزَلونَ زِلزالًا شديدًا، فيَهزِمُه اللهُ وجُنودَه حَتَّى إنَّ جِذمَ (^١) الحائطِ وأَصلَ الشَّجَرَةِ ليُنادِى: يا مُؤمِنُ، هَذا كافِرٌ يَستَتِرُ بى تَعالَ اقتُلْه\". قال: \"ولَن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَرَوا أُمورًا يَتَفاقَمُ شأنُها\n_________\n(^١) الجذم: الأصل. النهاية ١/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"7","page":51},{"text":"في أنفُسِكُم تَسأَلونَ بَينَكُم: هَل كان نَبيُّكُم ذَكَرَ لَكُم مِنها ذِكرًا؟ وحَتَّى تَزولَ جِبالٌ عن مَراسيها، ثُمَّ على إثرِ ذَلِكَ القَبضُ\". وأَشارَ بيَدِه. قال: ثُمَّ شَهِدتُ خُطبَةً أُخرَى. قال: فذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ ما قَدَّمَها ولا أخَّرَها (^١).\n\n٦٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حَربٍ الطّائيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَدِّى علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ يَعنِى الحَفَرِىَّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- حينَ انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ خَطَبَ فقالَ: \"أمّا بَعدُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1384>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ للإمامِ مِن حَضِّ النّاسِ عَلَى الخَيرِ وأَمرِهِم بالتَّوبَةِ والتَّقَرُّبِ إلىَ اللَّهِ ﷿ بنَوافِلِ الخَيرِ في خُطبَةِ الخُسوفِ</span>\n\n٦٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ [في زَمَنِ] (^٣) النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقامَ فزِعًا يَخشَى أن تَكونَ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى أتَى المَسجِدَ، فقامَ يُصَلِّى بأَطوَلِ قيامٍ ورُكوعٍ وسُجودٍ (^٤) رأَيتُه يَفعَلُه في صَلاةٍ قَطُّ، ثُمَّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٩ - ٣٣١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وينظر ما تقدم في (٦٤١٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٨٠)، والنسائى (١٥٠٠) من طريق أبى داود الحفرى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف النسائي (٩٥).\n(^٣) في ص، م: \"على عهد\".\n(^٤) بعده في ص، م، ومسلم والنسائى وابن حبان: \"ما\". والمثبت موافق لرواية البخارى وابن خزيمة،=","vol":"7","page":52},{"text":"\"إنَّ هذه الآياتِ التى يُرسِلُ اللهُ لا تَكونُ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أرسَلَها يُخَوِّفُ بها عِبادَه، فإِذا رأَيتُم مِنها شَيئًا فافزَعوا إلَى ذِكرِ اللهِ ودُعائهِ واستِغفارِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ وحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاتِه، قالَت: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ مِن آياتِ اللهِ، وإنَّهُما لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِهِ، فإذا رأَيتُموهُما فكَبِّروا وادعوا اللهَ وصَلُّوا وتَصَدَّقوا، يا أُمَّةَ محمدٍ، إنْ مِن أحَدٍ أغيَرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ أن يَزنِىَ عبدُه أو تَزنِىَ أمَتُه، يا أُمَّةَ محمدٍ، لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلَمُ لَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا ولَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا، ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٦٤٣٦ - وروىَ هَذا الحَديثُ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه، وقالَ فيه: \"فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فادعوا اللهَ وصَلُّوا\n_________\n= وكذا في المهذب ٣/ ١٢٦٥.\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٣٧١)، وابن حبان (٢٨٣٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٥٩)، ومسلم (٩١٢).\n(^٣) مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٨٣٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣١٢) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٠١/ ١).","vol":"7","page":53},{"text":"وتَصَدَّقوا وأَعتِقوا\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ (^١)، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nولَفظُ الإعتاقِ في رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ غَريبٌ، والمَشهورُ عن هِشامٍ عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بذَلِكَ:\n\n٦٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ، قال: حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بالعَتاقَةِ عِندَ الكُسوفِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى حُذَيفَةَ موسَى بنِ مَسعودٍ وغَيرِه، قال البخارىُّ: تابَعَه الدَّراوَردِيُّ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَعْرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الحراز\"، وفى س: \"الخراز\". وتقدم في (١٤٢٩، ٢٠٩٤، ٢٦٣٢). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤١٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٢ من طريق عمر بن حفص به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٥٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠١) من طريق أبي حذيفة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥١٩). وفيه: تابعه عليٍّ عن الدراوردي عن هشام.","vol":"7","page":54},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ إسنادِه، قالَت: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعَتاقَةٍ حينَ كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ (^١).\n\n٦٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عَثَّامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -﵄- قالَت: كُنّا نُؤمَرُ عِندَ الخُسوفِ بالعَتاقَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1385>بابُ سُنَّةِ صَلاةِ الخُسوفِ في المَسجِدِ الجامِعِ</span>\n\n٦٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المَسجِدِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عَنبَسَةَ عن يونُسَ (^٥)، ورَواه أبو موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ وأبو بكرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣١، ٣٣٢ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارمى (١٥٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠١) من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٢٣) عن عثام به. والبخارى (١٠٥٤)، وأبو داود (١١٩٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٢٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٣٧٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٠١/ ٣)، والبخارى (١٠٤٦).","vol":"7","page":55},{"text":"وسَمُرَةُ بنُ جُندُبٍ وأَسماءُ بنتُ أبي بكرٍ (^١) -﵃- في صَلاتِه في المَسجِدِ.\n\n٦٤٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ الإيَادِىُّ المالِكِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ الخُراسانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ حَسانَ، عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالُوا: إنَّما انكَسَفَت لِمَوتِ إبراهيمَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-[إلَى المَسجِدِ] (^٢)، فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ، فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لِحَياتِه، فإذا رأَيتُم ذَلِكَ فافزَعوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1386>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه إنَّما يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الخُسوفِ حَتَّى يَنجَلِىَ، فإِذا انجَلَى لَم يَبتَدِئْ (^٤) بالصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٦٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ (ح) قال: وحدثنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ] (^٥) حَيّانَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) حديث أبى موسى تقدم في (٦٤٣٤). وحديث أبى بكرة تقدم في (٦٤٠٣). وحديث سمرة تقدم في (٦٤٣٢). وحديت أسماء تقدم في (٦٤٣١).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٠٦٥) من طريق حبيب عن الشعبى به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٧٢) من طريق إبراهيم به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦٦: حبيب قال أحمد والنسائي: متروك.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"يبدأ\".\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٣، م.","vol":"7","page":56},{"text":"أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ يقولُ: انكَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ ماتَ إبراهيمُ، فقالَ النّاسُ: انكَسَفَت لموتِ إبراهيمَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَرَ آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لموتِ أحَدٍ ولا لحياتِه، فإذا رأَيتُموها فادعوا اللَّهَ وصَلُّوا حتَّى تَنكَشِفَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"حتَّى ينجَلِىَ (^٢) \".\n\n٦٤٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ المِقدامِ، حدثنا زائدَةُ قال: قال زيادُ بنُ عِلاقَةَ: سَمِعتُ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ يقولُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ وقالَ: \"حتَّى تَنكَشِفَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ وأَبِى بكرَةَ -﵄- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في هَذا الحديثِ: \"حتَّى يُكشَفَ ما بكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٤٢٠ (١٠١٤) عن محمد بن النضر به. وأبو عوانة (٢٤٦٩) من طريق معاوية ابن عمرو به. وابن حبان (٢٨٢٧) من طريق أبى الوليد به.\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"تنجلى\". والحديث عند البخارى (١٠٦٠).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٨٤٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٧٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٨٤٣) من طريق زائدة به. والبخارى (١٠٤٣) من طريق زياد بن علاقة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم حديث أبى مسعود في (٦٣٧٠، ٦٣٧١، ٦٤٢٤، ٦٤٢٥)، وتقدم حديث أبى بكرة في (٦٤٠٣).","vol":"7","page":57},{"text":"٦٤٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في خُسوفِ الشَّمسِ كما مَضَى في حَديثِ بَحرِ بنِ نَصرٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وزادَ في آخِرِه: قال: وقالَ أيضًا -ﷺ-: \"فصَلُّوا حَتَّى يُفرَجَ عَنكُم\" (^١). وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"رأَيتُ في مَقامِى هَذا كُلَّ شَيءٍ وُعِدتُم حَتَّى لَقَد رأَيتُنِى أُريدُ أن آخُذَ قِطفًا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ حينَ رأَيتُمونِى جَعَلْتُ أتَقَدَّمُ، ولَقَد رأَيتُ جَهَنَّمَ يَحطِمُ بَعضُها بَعضًا حينَ رأَيتُمونِى تأَخَّرتُ، ورأَيتُ فيها ابنَ لُحَىِّ وهو الَّذِى سَيَّبَ السَّوائبَ\" (^٢).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1387>بابُ الدَّليلِ على جَوازِ الابتِداءِ بالخُطبَةِ بَعدَ التَّجَلِّى</span>\n\n٦٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ قامَ فكَبَّرَ وقَرأَ قِراءَةً\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٣٧٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٨٠)، والنسائى (١٤٧١) عن محمد بن سلمة به. وتقدم في (٦٣٧٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٠١/ ٣).","vol":"7","page":58},{"text":"طَويلَةً، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لمن حَمِدَهُ\". وقامَ كما هو فقَرأَ قِراءَةً طَويلَةً وهِىَ أدنَى مِنَ القِراءَةِ الأولَى، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رُكوعًا طَويلًا وهو أدنَى مِنَ الرُّكوعِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سُجودًا طَويلًا، ثمَّ فعَلَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأُخرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وقَد تَجَلَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ في كُسوفِ الشَّمسِ والقَمَرِ: \"إنَّهُما آيَتانِ مِن آياتِ اللَّهِ لا يَنكَسِفانِ لِمَوتِ أحَدٍ ولا لحياتِه، فإِذا رأَيتُموهُما فافزَعوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1388>بابُ المُنفَرِدِ يُصَلِّي صَلاةَ الخُسوفِ إذا لَم يَحضُرْه إمامٌ استِدلالًا بما مَضَى مِن أمرِه -ﷺ- بالفَزَعِ إلَى الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٦٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن عمرٍو أو صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَفوانَ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عباس صَلَّى على ظَهرِ زَمزَمَ لِخُسوفِ الشَّمسِ؛ رَكعَتَينِ في كُلِّ رَكعَةٍ رَكعَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1389>بابُ النِّساءِ يَحضُرنَ المَسجِدَ لِصَلاةِ الخُسوفِ</span>\n\n٦٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخارى (١٠٤٧) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٢٤٣٦٥) من طريق عقيل به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٧٧)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٤٦.","vol":"7","page":59},{"text":"مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَنصورُ بنُ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ أنَّها قالَت: فزعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَومَ كَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ، فأَخَذَ دِرعًا حَتَّى أُدرِكَ برِدائِه، فقامَ بالنّاسِ قيامًا طَويلًا يَقومُ ثُمَّ يَركَعُ، فلَو جاءَ إنسانٌ بَعدَما رَكَعَ لَم يَكُنْ رَكَعَ شَيئًا ما حَدَّثَ نَفسَه أنَّه رَكَعَ مِن طُولِ القيامِ. قالَت: فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ إلَى المَرأَةِ التى هِى أكبَرُ مِنِّى، وإِلَى المَرأَةِ التى هِىَ أسقَمُ مِنِّى قائمَةً، فأَقولُ: أنا أحَقُّ أن أصبِرَ على طُولِ القيامِ مِنكِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1390>بابٌ: لا يُصَلَّى جَماعَةً عِندَ شَيءٍ مِنَ الآياتِ غَيِر الشَّمسِ والقَمَرِ</span>\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ في ذَلِكَ بأَنَ زَلزَلَةً كانَت على عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فخَطَبَ الناسَ، ولَم يُذكَرْ أنَّه صَلَّى (^٣).\n\n٦٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحُسَينُ بنُ أبى مَعشَرٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ الوَزّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ قالَت: زُلزِلَتِ الأرضُ على عَهدِ عُمَرَ حَتَى اصطَفَقَتِ (^٤) السُّرُرُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٤٩٢٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٩٥٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٠٦).\n(^٣) السنن المأثورة (٥٣).\n(^٤) اصطفقت: اضطربت واهتزت. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٣٤ (ص ف ق).","vol":"7","page":60},{"text":"وابنُ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّى فلَم يَدرِ بها، ولَم يوافِقْ أحَدًا يُصَلِّى فدَرَى بها، فخَطَبَ عُمَرُ النّاسَ فقالَ: أحدَثتُم! لَقَد عَجِلتُم. قالَت: ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا قال: لَئن عادَت لأخرُجَنَّ مِن بَينِ ظَهرانَيْكُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1391>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الفَزَعَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ فُرادَى عِندَ الظُّلمَةِ والزَّلزَلَةِ وغَيِرها مِنَ الآياتِ</span>\n\n٦٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى صَفوانَ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ النَضرِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: كانَت ظُلمَة على عَهدِ أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ. قال: فأَتَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ فقُلتُ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ هَل كان يُصيبُكُم مِثلُ هَذا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: مَعاذَ اللَّهِ، إن كانَتِ الرّيحُ لَتَشتَدُّ فنُبادِرُ إلَى المَسجِدِ مَخافَةَ القيامَةِ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عِكرِمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى صَفوانَ الثَقَفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قيلَ لابنِ عباسٍ: ماتَتْ فُلانَةُ. بَعضُ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فخَرَّ ساجِدًا، فقيلَ له:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه نعيم بن حماد في الفتن (١٧٣١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٨٤١٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٩٦) من طريق حرمى بن عمارة به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٢٥٨).","vol":"7","page":61},{"text":"تَسجُدُ هذه السّاعَةَ؟ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا رأَيتُم آيَةً فاسجُدوا\". وأَىُّ آيَةٍ أعظَمُ مِن ذَهابِ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ لَفظُ حَديثِ الرُّوذْبارِىِّ. وَفِى رِوايَةِ القاضِى قال: سَمِعْنا صَوتًا بالمَدينَةِ، فقالَ لِىَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يا عِكرِمَةُ انظُرْ ما هَذا الصَوتُ. قال: فذَهَبتُ فوَجَدتُ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ امرأَةَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَد توُفيَت. قال: فجِئتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فوَجَدتُه ساجِدًا ولما تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ، فقُلتُ له: سُبحانَ اللهِ تَسجُدُ ولَم تَطلُعِ الشَّمسُ بَعدُ؟! فقالَ: يا لا أُمَّ لَكَ، ألَيسَ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا رأَيتُم آيَةً فاسجُدوا\"؟! فأَىُّ آيَةٍ أعظَمُ مِن أن يَخرُجنَ أُمَّهاتُ المُؤمِنينَ مِن بَينِ أظهُرِنا ونَحنُ أحياءٌ (^١)؟\n\n٦٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبٍ يَعنِى ابنَ حَسّانَ، عن الشَّعبِى، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: إذا سَمِعتُم هادًّا (^٢) مِنَ السَّماءِ فافزَعوا إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٩٧). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٨٩١) من طريق يحيى بن كثير به. وقال: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٦٩: إبراهيم واه.\n(^٢) الهدَّةُ: صَوتُ ما يَقَع من السماء. الفائق ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨١١ من طريق حبيب به مرفوعًا. وابن أبى شيبة (٨٣٩٥) من قول علقمة بمعناه.","vol":"7","page":62},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1392>بابُ مَن صَلَّى في الزَّلزَلَةِ بزيادَةِ عَدَدِ الرُّكوعِ والقيامِ؛ قياسًا على صَلاةِ الخُسوفِ</span>\n\n٦٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ بَلاغًا عن عَبّادٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁-، أنَّه صَلَّى في زَلزَلَةٍ سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ في أربَعِ سَجَداتٍ؛ خَمسَ رَكَعاتٍ وسَجدَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ، ورَكعةً وسَجدَتَينِ في رَكعَةٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَو ثَبَتَ هَذا الحَديثُ عِندَنا عن علىٍّ -﵁- لَقُلنا بهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هو عن ابنِ عباسٍ ثابِتٌ كما:\n\n٦٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ وعاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه صَلَّى في زَلزَلَةٍ بالبَصرَةِ فأَطالَ القُنوتَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فأَطالَ القُنوتَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فأَطالَ القُنوتَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فسَجَدَ (^٢)، ثُمَّ قامَ في الثّانيَةِ ففَعَلَ كَذَلِكَ، فصارَت صَلاتُه سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ وأَربَعَ سَجَداتٍ. قال قَتادَةُ في حَديثِه: هَكَذا الآياتُ. ثُمَّ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: هَكَذا صَلاةُ الآياتِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٩٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، وفي ص ٣: \"وسجد\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٤٩٢٩).","vol":"7","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1393>كتابُ صلاةِ الاستسقاءِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1394>بابُ سُؤالِ النّاسِ الإمامَ الاستِسقاءَ إذا قَحَطوا</span>\n\n٦٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ عيسَى بنِ علىِّ ابنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ بالكوفَةِ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكَتِ المَواشِى وانقَطَعَت سُبُلُ النّاسِ -وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: وتَقَطعَتِ (^١) السُّبُلُ- فادعُ اللهَ. فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فمُطِرنا مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ تَهَدَّمَتِ البُيوتُ وتَقَطَّعَتِ السُّبُلُ وهَلَكَتِ المَواشِى. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اللّهُمَّ على رُءوسِ الجِبالِ والإكامِ (^٢) وبُطونِ الأوديَةِ ومَنابِتِ الشَّجَرِ\". قال: فانجابَت عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وانقطعت\".\n(^٢) الإكام بكسر الهمزة، وقد تفتح وتمد: جمع أَكَمَة، وهى التراب المجتمع، وقيل: ما ارتفع من الأرض. وقيل غير ذلك. فتح البارى ٢/ ٥٠٥. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ص ٣٠.","vol":"7","page":65},{"text":"المَدينَةِ انجيابَ الثَّوبِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَريكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1395>بابُ الإمامِ يَخرُجُ إلَى المُصَلَّى إذا أرادَ أن يَستَسقِىَ بصَلاةٍ</span>\n\n٦٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: خَرَجَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى المُصَفَى فاستَسقَى، واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، وقَلَبَ رِداءَه، وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٦٤٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَبّادَ بنَ تَميمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ الَّذِى أُرِىَ النِّداءَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ إلَى المُصَلَّى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٩٩٥)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٤٦، ومالك ١/ ١٩١، ومن طريقه البخارى (١٠١٧)، والنسائى (١٥٠٣). وأخرجه البخارى (١٠١٣)، وأبو داود (١١٧٥)، والنسائى (١٥١٤) من طريق شريك به. وسيأتى في (٦٥١٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠١٦)، ومسلم (٨٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٥١)، والبخارى (١٠٢٦، ١٠٢٧)، والنسائى (١٥٠٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٩٤/ ٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٤٧٠) من طريق على به.","vol":"7","page":66},{"text":"عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^١).\nقال البخارىُّ: كان ابنُ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: هو صاحِبُ الأذانِ. ولَكِنَّه وهِمَ؛ لأنَّ هَذا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ المازِنِىُّ مازِنُ الأنصارِ. قال في \"التّاريخ\": قُتِلَ يَومَ الحَرَّةِ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه الأنصارِىُّ مِن بَلحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ المَدَنِىُّ صاحِبُ الأذانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1396>بابُ الإمامِ يَخرُجُ مُتَبَذِّلًا مُتَواضِعًا مُتَضَرِّعًا</span>\n\n٦٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو ثابِتٍ المَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كِنانَةَ مِن بَنِى مالكِ بنِ حِسلٍ (^٣)، عن أبيه، أنَّ الوَليدَ أرسَلَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسأَلُه عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الاستِسقاءِ. فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ: إنَّما تَمارَينا في المَسجِدِ في صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الاستِسقاءِ. فقالَ: لا بَل أرسَلَ ابنُ أخيكُم. يَعنِى الوَليدَ وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ يَومَئذٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُتَبَذِّلًا (^٤) مُتَواضِعًا مُتَضَرِّعًا [فجَلَسَ على المِنبَرِ] (^٥) فلَم يَخطُبْ خُطبَتَكُم هذه، ولَكِن لَم يَزَلْ في\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٠١٢).\n(^٢) ينظر التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٥١، ١٦٦، والتاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"حنبل\".\n(^٤) متبذلا: التَّبذُّلُ: ترك التزيُّن والتَّهيُّؤ بالهيئة الحسنة الجميلة على جهة التواضع. النهاية ١/ ١١١.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":67},{"text":"الدُّعاءِ والتَّضَرُّعِ والتَّكبيرِ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ كما كان يُصَلِّى في العيدَينِ (^١).\n\n٦٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ الصَّفّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كِنانَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أرسَلَنِى أميرٌ مِنَ الأُمَراءِ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ أسأَلُه عن الصَّلاةِ في الاستِسقاءِ. فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ: ما مَنَعَه أن يَسأَلَنِى؟ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَواضعًا مُتَخَشِّعًا مُتَبَذِّلًا مُتَضرِّعًا مُتَرَسِّلًا (^٢)، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ كما يُصَلِّى في العيدِ ولَم يَخطُبْ خُطبَتَكُم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1397>بابُ استِحبابِ الخُروجِ بالضُّعَفاءِ والصِّبيانِ والعَبيدِ والعَجائزِ</span>\n\n٦٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرطاةَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا الدَّرداءِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ابغُونِى الضُّعَفاءَ؛ فإِنَّما تُرزَقونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٦٥)، والترمذى (٥٥٨)، والنسائى (١٥٠٧) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\nوقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) مترسلا: يقال: تَرَسَّل الرجُل في كلامه ومشيه. إذا تَأنَّى ولم يَعْجل. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"كخطبتكم\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٩)، والترمذى (٥٥٩)، والنسائى (١٥٢٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٥) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي (١٥٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٨) من طريق سفيان به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٠٤٦).","vol":"7","page":68},{"text":"وتُنصَرونَ بضعَفائِكُم\" (^١).\n\n٦٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا قاسِمُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ الهَمَذانِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه ظَنَ أنَّ له فضلًا على مَن دونَه مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ نَبىُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما نَصَرَ اللهُ ﷿ هذه الأُمَّةَ بضعيفِها، بدَعوَتِهِم وصَلاتِهِم وإخلاصِهِم\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ عن أبيه طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصرِّفٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٤٦١ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ سنةَ تِسعٍ وتِسعينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ إسماعيلَ الشّاشِىُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِى سُرَيجُ (^٤) بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ خُثَيمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَهلًا عن اللهِ مَهلًا؛ فإِنُّه لَولا شَبابٌ خُشَّعٌ، وبَهائمُ رُتَّعٌ، وشُيوخٌ رُكَّعٌ، وأَطفالٌ رُضَّعٌ، لَصُبَّ عَلَيكُمُ العَذابُ صَبًّا\" (^٥). إبراهيمُ بنُ حُثَيمٍ غَيرُ قَوىٍّ (^٦)، ولَه شاهِدٌ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ غَيرِ قَوىٍّ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٣١)، والترمذى (١٧٠٢)، والنسائي (٣١٧٩) من طريق ابن جابر به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٧٨) من طريق عمر بن حفص به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٩٦).\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٣: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٤٠٢) عن سريج به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١٠/ ٢٢٧: فيه إبراهيم بن خثيم وهو ضعيف.\n(^٦) هو إبراهيم بن خثيم بن عراك بن مالك الغفارى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: ضعفاء النسائي ص ١٣،=","vol":"7","page":69},{"text":"٦٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدانُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عَفارِ بنِ سَعدِ القَرَظِ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ عَبِيدَةَ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسافِعٍ الدِّيلىَّ، عن أبيه، أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَولا عِبادٌ للَّهَ رُكَّعٌ، وصِبيَةٌ رُضَّعُ، وبَهائمُ رُتعٌ، لَصُبَّ عَلَيكُمُ العَذابُ صَبًّا، ثُمَّ لَتُرَضُّنَّ رَضًّا (^١) \" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1398>بابُ استِحبابِ الصّيامِ لِلاستِسقاءِ، لِما يُرجَى مِن دُعاءِ الصّائمِ</span>\n\n٦٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا السَّهمِىُّ يَعنِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ بكرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثُ دَعَواتٍ لا تُرَدُّ؛ دَعوَةُ الوالِدِ، ودَعوَةُ الصّائمِ، ودَعوَةُ المُسافِرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ\n_________\n= وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ٥٢، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٣٠، والمغني في الضعفاء ١/ ٤٧، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٥٣. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧١: قال النسائي: متروك.\n(^١) الرَّضُّ: الدَّقُّ. التاج ١٨/ ٣٤٤ (رض ض).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٧٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٩٦٥)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٠٩ (٧٨٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن سعد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧١: هو مثل الأول في الضعف، مالك وأبوه مجهولان.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في معجمه (٤٠٥) من طريق أبى بكر القاضي به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٢: فيه نكارة، ولا أعرف إبراهيم.","vol":"7","page":70},{"text":"ابنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن سَعدٍ الطّائىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو المُدِلَّةِ، سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلَاثةٌ لا تُرَدُّ دَعوَتُهُمُ؛ الإمامُ العادِلُ، والصّائمُ حَتَّى يُفطِرَ، ودَعوَةُ المَظلومِ تُحمَلُ على الغَمامِ وتُفتَحُ لَها أبوابُ السَّماءِ، ويَقولُ الرَّبُّ: وعِزَّتِى لأنصُرَنَّكِ ولَو بَعدَ حينٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1399>بابُ الخُروجِ مِنَ المَظالِمِ والتَّقَرُّبِ إلَى اللَّهِ تَعالىَ بالصَّدَقَةِ ونَوافِلِ الخَيِر رَجاءَ الإجابَةِ</span>\n\n٦٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ العَبدِىُّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَدِىُّ ابنُ ثابِتٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ طَيِّبٌ لا يَقبَلُ إلَّا الطَّيِّبَ، وإن اللَّهَ أمَرَ المُؤمِنينَ بما أمَرَ به المُرسَلينَ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٥١]. وقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٧٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٤٣)، وابن حبان (٧٣٨٧) من طريق زهير به. والترمذى (٣٥٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠١) من طريق سعد الطائى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٢: رواه سعدان الجهنى وعبد السلام بن حرب عن سعد وهو ثقة، ورواه أبو جعفر عن أبى هريرة فلم يذكر الصائم. وسيأتى في (١٦٧٢٦).","vol":"7","page":71},{"text":"﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٢]. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ: \"الرَّجُلُ يُطيلُ السَّفَرَ أشعَثَ أغبَرَ، يَمُدُّ يَدَيه إلَى السَّماءِ: يا رَبِّ، يا رَبِّ، ومَطعَمُه حَرامٌ، ومَشرَبُه حَرامٌ، ومَلبَسُه حَرامٌ، وقَد غُذِىَ بالحَرامِ، فأَنَّى يُستَجابُ له؟! \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرَامَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، أخبرَنِى شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قال: مَن عادَى لِى وليًّا فقَد بارَزَنِى بالحَربِ، وما تَقَرَّبَ إلَىَّ عبدِى بشَيءٍ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ ممّا افتَرَضتُ عَلَيه، وما يَزالُ يَتَقَرَّبُ إلَىَّ بالنَّوافِلِ حَتَّى أُحِبه، فإذا أحبَبتُه كُنتُ سَمعَه الَّذِى يَسمَعُ به، وبَصَرَه الَّذِى يُبصِرُ به، ويَدَه التى يَبطِشُ بها، ورِجلَه التى يَمشِى بَها (^٣)، ولَئن سأَلَنِى عبدِى أعطَيتُه، ولَئنِ استَعاذَنِى لأُعيذَنَّه\" (^٤). وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ. قَد أخرَجتُه في كِتابِ \"الأسماء والصفات\" مَعَ تأويلِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٦٢٠)، وفي الدعوات الكبير (٣٣٢). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٩٨٩) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٨٣٤٨) من طريق فضيل بن مرزوق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠١٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عليها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٤٧) عن محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٥) الأسماء والصفات (١٠٢٩).","vol":"7","page":72},{"text":"ابنِ كَرَامَةَ (^١).\n\n٦٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الضَّبِّىُّ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُفتَحُ أبوابُ السّماءِ في كُلِّ اثنَينِ وخَميسٍ، فيُغفَرُ لِكُلِّ عبدٍ لا يُشرِكُ باللّهِ شَيئًا، إلَّا امرأً بَينَه وبَينَ أخيه شَحناءُ\". قال: \"فيُقالُ: انتَظِرْ هَذَينِ حَتَّى يَصطَلِحا\" (^٢).\n\n٦٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ الحافظُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"أنظِروا هَذَينِ حَتَّى يَصطَلِحا\". مَرَّتَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا بَشيرُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٥٠٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٦١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩١٦) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٦١)، ومسلم (٢٥٦٥/ ٣٥)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤٠) من طريق سهيل به، وعند أحمد دون آخره. وابن خزيمة (٢١٢٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (٥٦٦٧) من طريق أبى صالح به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٥/ ...).","vol":"7","page":73},{"text":"\"ما نَقَضَ قَومٌ العَهدَ قَطُّ إلَّا كان القَتلُ بَينَهُم، وما ظَهَرَت فاحِشَةٌ في قَومٍ قَطُّ إلَّا سَلَّطَ اللهُ ﷿ عَلَيهِمُ المَوتَ، ولا مَنَعَ قَومٌ الزَّكاةَ إلَّا حَبَسَ اللهُ عَنهُمُ القَطرَ\" (^١).\nكَذا رَواه بَشيرُ بنُ المُهاجِرِ.\n\n٦٤٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ أسَدٍ (^٢) المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما نَقَضَ قَومٌ العَهدَ (^٣) إلَّا سَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم عَدوَّهُم، ولا فشَتِ الفاحِشَةُ في قَومٍ إلَّا أخَذَهُمُ اللهُ بالمَوتِ، وما طَفَّفَ قَومٌ الميزانَ إلا أخَذَهُمُ اللهُ بالسِّنينَ، وما مَنَعَ قَومٌ الزَّكاةَ إلَّا مَنَعَهُمُ اللهُ القَطرَ مِنَ السَّماءِ، وما جارَ قومٌ في حُكمٍ إلَّا كان البأسُ بَينَهُم. أظُنُّه قال: والقَتلُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣١٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في العلل (٢٧٧٣) عن أبيه به. والبزار (٤٤٦٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٢٦ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٣: بشير صدوق، وقد خولف فيه.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحسن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٠٣، ١٠٤.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"قط\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣١١). وذكره ابن أبى حاتم في العلل (٢٧٧٣) عن الحسين بن واقد به.","vol":"7","page":74},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1400>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ السُّنَّةَ في صَلاةِ الاستِسقاءِ السُّنَّةُ في صَلاةِ العيدَينِ، وأَنَّه يُصَلّيها رَكعَتَيِن كما يُصَلِّى في العيدَينِ بلا أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ في وقتِ صَلاةِ العيدِ</span>\n\n٦٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ يَستَسقِى، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ جَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ فيهِما، وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه، واستَسقَى، واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ (^١).\n\n٦٤٧٢ - زادَ غَيرُه فيه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: ورَفَعَ يَدَيه يَدعو فدَعا واستَسقَى. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أبى الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ هو ابنُ راشِدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: خَرَجَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٠٠).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٦٧، وعبد الرزاق (٤٨٨٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٤٣٧)، وأبو داود (١١٦١)، والترمذى (٥٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤١٠). قال الترمذى: حديث حسن صحيح.","vol":"7","page":75},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَومًا يَستَسقِى، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ بلا أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَنا فدَعا اللهَ، وحَوَّلَ وجهَه نَحوَ القِبلَةِ رافِعًا يَدَيه، ثُمَّ قَلَبَ رِداءَه فجَعَلَ الأيمَنَ على الأيسَرِ والأيسَرَ على الأيمَنِ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به النُّعمانُ بنُ راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\n\n٦٤٧٤ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كا مِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ ابنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كِنانَةَ قال: أخبرَنِى أبى وسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ قال: أرسَلَنِى الوَليدُ ابنُ عُقبَةَ وهو يَومَئذٍ أميرُ المَدينَةِ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ أسأَلُه عن صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الاستِسقاءِ، فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ: إنّا تَمارَينا في المَسجِدِ في صَلاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الاستِسقاءِ. فقالَ: لا ولَكِن أرسَلَكَ ابنُ أخيكُم (^٢)، ولَو أنَّه أرسَلَ فسأَلَ ما كان بذاكَ بأسٌ. ثُمَّ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَبَذِّلًا مُتَواضِعًا مُتَضَرِّعًا حَتَى جَلَسَ على المِنبَرِ، فلَم يَخطُبْ كَخُطبَتِكُم هذه، ولَكِن لَم يَزَلْ في الدُّعاءِ والتَّضَرُّعِ والتَكبيرِ، وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ كما كان يُصَلِّى في العيدِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى. وحَديثُ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٩، ١٤٢٢) من طريق وهب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٦١).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، والمهذب ٣/ ١٢٧٤: \"أختكم\"، وفى م: \"أخيك\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٤٥٧).","vol":"7","page":76},{"text":"الوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ. قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: الصَّوابُ: ابنُ عُتبَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الحَديثُ يوهِمُ أنَّ دُعاءَه كان قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ كما:\n\n٦٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كِنانَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أرسَلَنِى أميرٌ مِنَ الأُمَراءِ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ أسأَلُه عن الاستِسقاءِ فقالَ: مَن أرسَلَكَ؟ قُلتُ: فُلانٌ. قال: ما مَنَعَه أن يأتيَنِى فيَسأَلَنِى؟ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَو اضِعًا [مُتَبَذِّلًا مُتَضَرِّعًا] (^٣) فلَم يَخطُبْ خُطبَتَكُم هذه، وصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ كما يُصَلِّى في العيدِ. قال سفيانُ: قُلتُ لِلشَّيخِ: الخُطبَةُ قَبلَ الرَّكعَتَينِ أو بَعدَها؟ قال: لا أدرِى (^٤). فهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّ هِشامًا كان لا يَحفَظُه، وقَد رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ هِشامٍ عن جَدِّه مُحالًا بها على صَلاةِ العيدَينِ:\n\n٦٤٧٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن جَدِّه هِشامِ بنِ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١١٦٥).\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٤: لم يتقنه هشام.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"متضرعا متذللا\".\n(^٤) المعجم الكبير للطبرانى (١٠٨١٨). وتقدم في (٦٤٥٨) من طريق سفيان بدون سؤاله للشيخ.","vol":"7","page":77},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ استَسقَى مُتَخَشِّعًا متبذِّلًا (^١) كما يَصنَعُ في العيدَينِ (^٢). ورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ التِّنِّيسِىُّ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٦٤٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ قال: أرسَلَنِى مَرْوانُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ أسأَلُه عن سُنَّةِ الاستسقاءِ، فقالَ: سُنَةُ الاستسقاءِ سُنَّةُ الضَلاةِ في العيدَينِ، إلَّا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَلَبَ رِداءَه فجَعَلَ يَمينَه على يَسارِه ويَسارَه على يَمينِه، وصلَّى الرَّكعَتَينِ فكَبَّرَ في الأولَى سَبعَ تَكبيراتٍ، وقَرأَ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ وقَرأَ في الثّانيَةِ: ﴿هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ﴾ وكَبَّرَ فيها خَمسَ تكبيراتٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الخالِقِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن السُّنَّةِ في الاستِسقاءِ، فقالَ: مِثلُ السُّنَّةِ في العيدَينِ؛ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَستَسقِى،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"متذللًا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣) من طريق إسماعيل بن ربيعة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤١٩) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٦ وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبي فقال: ضعف عبد العزيز. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٦٦ من طريق سهل بن بكار به.","vol":"7","page":78},{"text":"فصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ بغَيرِ أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، وكَبَّرَ فيهِما ثِنتَى عَشْرَةَ تكبيرَةً؛ سَبعًا في الأُولَى وخَمسًا في الآخِرَةِ، وجَهَرَ بالقِراءَةِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فخَطَبَ، واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه، ثُمَّ استَسقَى (^١). محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ هَذا غَيرُ قَوىٍّ (^٢)، وهو بما قَبلَه مِنَ الشَواهِدِ يَقوَى.\n\n٦٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، أنَّ (^٣) عبدَ اللهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ خَرَجَ يَستَسقِى بالنّاسِ، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ استَسقَى، فلَقِيتُ يَومَئذٍ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ ولَيسَ بَينِى وبَينَه غَيرُ رَجُلٍ -أو بَينِى وبَينَه رَجُلٌ- قُلتُ: كَم غَزا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزوَةً. قُلتُ: كَم غَزَوتَ أنتَ مَعَهُ؟ قال: سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ. قُلتُ: فما أوَّلُ غَزوَةٍ غَزاها؟ قال: ذاتُ العُسَيرَةِ أو ذاتُ العُشَيرَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البزار (٦٥٩ - كشف الأستار).\n(^٢) هو محمد بن عبد العزيز بن عمر بن عبد الرحمن الزهرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٦٧، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٤٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٦٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٦٢٨، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٣) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) ذات العشيرة: موضع من ناحية ينبع بين مكة والمدينة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٩٨١. والحديث أخرجه مسلم ٣/ ١٤٤٧ (١٢٥٤/ ١٤٣) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.","vol":"7","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1401>بابُ ذِكرِ الأخبارِ التى تَدُلُّ على أنَّه دَعا أو خَطَبَ قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٦٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَبَّادُ بنُ تَميمٍ المازِنِىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَمَّه وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- يقولُ: خَرَجَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَومًا يَستَسقِى، فحَوَّلَ إلَى النّاسِ ظَهرَه يَدعو اللهَ، واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ. قال ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ في الحديثِ: وقَرأَ فيهِما. قال ابنُ وهبٍ: يُريدُ الجَهرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فصَلَّى لَنا رَكعَتَينِ جَهَرَ فيهِما بالقِراءَةِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ وحدَه (^٣).\nورَواه الثورِىُّ ويَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وأبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ دونَ قَولِه: ثُمَّ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ دونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٦٢)، والنسائي (١٥١٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٢٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٢٤)، ومسلم (٨٩٤/ ٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٢١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٦٤٣٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن خزيمة (١٤٢٠) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. والطيالسى (١١٩٦).","vol":"7","page":80},{"text":"كَلِمَةِ: ثُمَّ. ورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فوَصَفَ الصَّلاةَ أوَّلًا، ثُمَّ وصَفَ تَحويلَ الرِّداءِ والدُّعاءَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n٦٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيد الأَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ نِزارٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَبرورٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: شَكَا (^٢) النّاسُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قُحوطَ المَطَرِ، فأَمَرَ بمِنبَرٍ فوُضِعَ له في المُصلَّى، ووَعَدَ النّاسَ يَومًا يَخرُجونَ فيه. قالَت عائشَةُ: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ بَدا حاجِبُ (^٣) الشَّمسِ، فقَعَدَ على المِنبَرِ فكَبَّرَ وحَمِدَ اللهَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّكُم شَكَوتُم جَدْبَ ديارِكُم واستئخارَ المَطَرِ عن إبّانِ زَمانِه عَنكُم، وقَد أمَرَكُمُ اللهُ ﷿ أن تَدْعوه، ووَعَدَكُم أن يَستَجيبَ لَكُم\". ثُمَّ قال: \"الحَمدُ للهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ، الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، مَلِكِ يَومِ الدّينِ، لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ يَفعَلُ ما يُريدُ، اللُّهُمَّ أنتَ اللهُ لا إلَهَ إلَّا أنتَ الغَنِىُّ ونَحنُ الفُقَراءُ، أنزِلْ عَلَينا الغَيثَ، واجعَلْ ما أنزلتَ لَنا قوَّةً وبَلاغًا إلَى حينٍ\". ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَم يَزَلْ (^٤) في الرَّفعِ حَتَّى بَدا بَياضُ إبْطَيه، ثُمَّ حَوَّلَ إلَى النّاسِ ظَهرَه، وقَلَبَ أو حَوَّلَ رِداءَه وهو رافِعٌ يَدَه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على النّاسِ ونَزَلَ فصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، وأَنشأَ اللهُ تَعالَى سَحابًا فرَعَدَت وبَرَقَت، ثُمَّ أمطَرَت بإِذنِ اللهِ تَعالَى، فلَم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٤٧١، ٦٤٧٢).\n(^٢) في الأصل: (اشتكى).\n(^٣) حاجب الشمس: ضوءها أو ناحيتها. عون المعبود ١/ ٤٥٥.\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، م، والمهذب ٣/ ١٢٧٦: \"يترك\".","vol":"7","page":81},{"text":"يأتِ مَسجِدَه حتَّى سالَتِ السُّيولُ، فلَمَّا رأَى سُرعَتَهُم إلَى الكِنِّ (^١) ضَحِكَ حتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه، وقالَ: \"أشهَدُ أنَّ اللهَ على كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ، وأنى عبدُه ورسولُه\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن هارونَ (^٣).\n\n٦٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو غَسَّانَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: خَرَجَ عبدُ الله بنُ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىُّ يَستَسقِى، وقَد كان رأَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، وخَرَجَ فيمَن خَرَجَ البَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ وزَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ. قال أبو إسحاقَ: وأَنا مَعَه يَومَئذٍ، فقامَ قائمًا على رِجلَيه على غَيرِ مِنبَرٍ فاستَسقَى واستَغفَرَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بنا رَكعَتَينِ ونَحنُ خَلفَه يَجهَرُ فيهِما بالقِراءَةِ، لَم يُؤَذِّنْ يَومَئذٍ ولَم يُقِمْ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٥). ورَواه الثورِيُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: فخَطَبَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى (^٦). ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ استَسقَى (^٧). ورِوايَةُ الثَّورِىِّ وزُهَيرٍ أشبَهُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الكن: ما يَرُدُّ الحر والبرد من الأبنية والمساكن. النهاية ٤/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٧٣). وقال: هذا حديث غريب إسناده جيد، أهل المدينة يقرءون (ملك يوم الدين). وإن هذا الحديث حجة لهم.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٢٦ من طريق أبي غسان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٢٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٨٩٩) من طريق الثوري عن أبي إسحاق عن عبد الله بن يزيد أن ابن الزبير ... ويظر تعليق ابن حجر في الفتح ٢/ ٥١٣.\n(^٧) تقدم في (٦٤٧٩).","vol":"7","page":82},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1402>بابُ الدُّعاءِ في الاستِسقاءِ قائمًا</span>\n\n٦٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عَبّادُ بنُ تَميمٍ، أنَّ عَمَّه مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ بالنّاسِ إلَى المُصَلَّى يَستَسقِى لَهُم، فقامَ فدَعا قائمًا، ثُمَّ تَوَجَّهَ قِبَلَ القِبلَةِ وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه فسُقُوا (^١).\n\n٦٤٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوهِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فدَعا اللهَ قائمًا. وقالَ: فأُسقُوا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1403>بابُ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ إذ اجتَهَدَ في الدُّعاءِ</span>\n\n٦٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٦٤٥٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٢٤) من طريق أبي اليمان به. والنسائي (١٥١١) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٣٢٣ من طريق أبي اليمان به. والدارمي (١٥٧٥)، وأبو عوانة (٢٤٧٩) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٢٣).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الحربى\". وتقدم في (٢٨، ٢٧٤٩)، وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"7","page":83},{"text":"قالا: أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: أخبرَنى أبو بكرِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّ عَبّادَ بنَ تَميمٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عبدَ الله بنَ زَيدٍ (^١) الأنصارِىَّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- خَرَجَ إلَى المُصَلَّى يَستَسقِى، وإنَّه لما أرادَ أن يَدعوَ استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1404>بابُ تَحويلِ الرِّداءِ في الاستِسقاءِ</span>\n\n٦٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ المُقرئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَبَّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمَّه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَستَسقِى وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ مَهدِى، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- استَسقَى وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"يزيد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٦٦) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وأحمد (١٦٤٣٢)، والنسائي (١٥١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٩٤/ ٣)، والبخارى (١٠٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٣٤) عن ابن مهدى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٠٥).","vol":"7","page":84},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1405>بابُ وقتِ تَحويلِ الرِّداءِ</span>\n\n٦٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَبّادَ بنَ تَميمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المُصَلَّى، فاستَسقَى، وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه حينَ استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1406>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ تَحويلِ الرِّداءِ</span>\n\n٦٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ قال: قَرأتُ في كِتابِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ يَعنِى الحِمصِىَّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ بهَذا الحديثِ يَعنِى حَديثَ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ عن عَمِّه في خُروجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَى الاستِسقاءِ، قال: وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه؛ فجَعَلَ عِطافَه الأيمَنَ على عاتِقِه الأيسَرِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٠٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٤٩، ومالك ١/ ١٩٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٤٦٦)، والنسائي (١٥١٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (١١٦٧) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٩٤/ ١).","vol":"7","page":85},{"text":"وجَعَلَ عِطافَه الأيسَرَ على عاتِقِه الأيمَنِ، ثُمَّ دَعا اللهَ (^١).\n\n٦٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَبّادَ بنَ تَميمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عَمِّه عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ زَيدٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- إلَى المُصَلَّى يَستَسقِى، فحَوَّلَ رِداءَه واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٦٤٩٠ - وبِإسنادِه قال: حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ والمَسعودِىُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن (^٣) عبدِ الله بنِ زَيدٍ بهَذا الحَديثِ. قال المَسعودِىُّ: فقُلتُ لأبِى بكرٍ: أجَعَلَ اليَمينَ على الشِّمالِ والشِّمالَ على اليَمينِ، أو جَعَلَ أعلاه أسفَلَه؟ قال: لا، بَل جَعَلَ اليَمينَ على الشِّمالِ والشِّمالَ على اليَمينِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ عن عبدِ الله بنِ أبي بكرٍ، ثُمَّ رِوايَتُه عن المَسعودِىِّ عن أبي بكرٍ قَولَه مُختَصَرًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١١٦٣).\n(^٢) الحميدي (٤١٥). وأخرجه البخاري (١٠١٢، ١٠٢٦)، ومسلم (٨٩٤/ ٢)، والنسائي (١٥٠٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٦٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"يحدث عن عمه\".\n(^٤) الحميدي (٤١٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٢٦٧) من طريق سفيان عن يحيى به. والنسائي (١٥٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٠٦، ١٤١٤) من طريق سفيان عن المسعودى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٢٧).","vol":"7","page":86},{"text":"٦٤٩١ - أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدان، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا (^١) عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: استَسقَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَيه خَميصَةٌ سَوداءُ فأَرادَ أن يأخُذَ بأَسفَلِها فيَجعَلَه أعلاها، فلَمَّا ثَقُلَت عَلَيه قَلَبَها على عاتِقِهِ (^٢). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1407>بابُ ما قيل مِنَ المَعنَى في تَحويلِ الرّداءِ</span>\n\n٦٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ المَنصورِ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ عيسَى ابنُ الطَّبّاعِ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: استَسقَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وحَوَّلَ رِداءَه ليَتَحَوَّلَ القَحطُ (^٣). كَذا قال: عن جابِرٍ.\n\n٦٤٩٣ - ورَواه غَيرُه عن إسحاقَ بنِ عيسَى، فلَم يَذكُرْ فيه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ١٩٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٦٢)، وأبو داود (١١٦٤)، والنسائي (١٥٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤١٥) من طريق الدراوردى به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٨: هذه طرق صحاح.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٢٦ وصححه، وقال الذهبي في التلخيص: غريب عجيب صحيح.","vol":"7","page":87},{"text":"جابِرًا، وجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ أبي جَعفَرٍ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الثَّلجِ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ الطَّبّاعِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n٦٤٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: قال وكيعٌ في قَولِه: جَعَلَ اليَمينَ على الشِّمالِ والشِّمالَ على اليَمينِ: يَعنِى تَحَوُّلَ السَّنَةِ الجَدبَةِ إلَى الخِصبِ كما تَحَوَّلَ هَذا اليَمينُ على الشِّمالِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1408>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن كَثرَةِ الاستِغفارِ في خُطبَةِ الاستِسقاءِ وأَن يَقولَ كَثيرًا: ﴿فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (١٠) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا (١١)﴾ [نوح: ١٠، ١١]</span>\n\n٦٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ هو ابنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن أبيه عبدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لَزِمَ الاستِغفارَ جَعَلَ اللهُ له مِن كُلِّ هَمٍّ فرَجًا، ومِن كُلِّ ضيقٍ مَخرَجًا، ورَزَقَه مِن حَيثُ لا يَحتَسِبُ\" (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥١٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٨١٩) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. وليس عند ابن ماجه: عن أبيه أنه حديثه. وأحمد (٢٢٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢٩٠) من طريق الوليد به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٧٨: رواه ابن ماجه فأسقط: عن أبيه ... الحكم مجهول ...","vol":"7","page":88},{"text":"٦٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الفَرَجِ أبو الفَضلِ الرِّيَاشِىُّ، حدثنا الأصمَعِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي وجْزَةَ السَّعدِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يَستَسقِى، فجَعَلَ لا يَزيدُ على الاستِغفارِ، فقُلتُ: ألا يَتَكَلَّمُ لما خَرَجَ له؟ ولا أعلَمُ أنَّ ألاستِسقاءَ هو الاستِغفارُ، فمُطِرنا (^١).\n\n٦٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ مُجالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ مُجالِدٍ البَجَلِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ مُسلِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ التَميمِىُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو الأشعَثِىُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا عَبثَرٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: أصابَ الناسَ قَحطٌ في عَهدِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، فصَعِدَ عُمَرُ المِنبَرَ فاستَسقَى، فلَم يَزِدْ على الاستِغفارِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ، فقالوا له: ما سَمِعْناكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ استَسقَيتَ! فقالَ: لَقَد طَلَبتُ الغَيثَ بمَفاتيحِ السَّماءِ التى بها يُستَنزَلُ المَطَرُ، ثُمَّ قرأَ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (١٠) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا﴾ [نوح: ١٠، ١١] وقولَه: ﴿وَيَاقَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَى قُوَّتِكُمْ وَلَا تَتَوَلَّوْا مُجْرِمِينَ﴾ [هود: ٥٢]، ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ﴾ [هود: ٩٠]. كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِي: بمَفاتيحِ السَّماءِ (^٣). ورَواه غَيرُه عن مُطَرِّفٍ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قتيبة في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٥٥ عن الرياشى به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٧٧ من طريق الأصمعيّ به، وعندهما: عن عبد الله بن عمر. بدلًا من: عن أبيه.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"الأشجعي\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠١٠).","vol":"7","page":89},{"text":"بمَجاديحِ (^١) السَّماءِ:\n\n٦٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ وهُشَيم، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: خَرَجَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يَستَسقِى فلَم يَزِدْ على الاستِغفارِ حتَّى رَجَعَ، فقيلَ له: ما رأَيناكَ استَسقَيتَ! فقالَ: لَقَد طَلَبتُ المَطَرَ بمَجاديحِ السَّماءِ الَّذِى يُستَنزَلُ به المَطَرُ. ثُمَّ قرأَ: ﴿اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (١٠) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا﴾. ﴿وَيَاقَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا﴾ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1409>بابُ الاستِسقاءِ بمَن تُرجَى بَرَكَةُ دُعائهِ</span>\n\n٦٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا بِسطامُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ\n_________\n(^١) المجاديح: جمع مجدح، وهو نجم من النجوم، وكان عند العرب من الأنواء الدّالة على المطر، وجاء بلفظ الجمع؛ لأنه أراد الأنواء جميعها التى يزعمون أن من شأنها المطر. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٤٣. وقال أبو عبيد: والمجاديح من النجوم، ولكنه تكلم على ما كانت العرب تكلم به، ولم يرد غير هذا، وليس للحديث وجه غيره. غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢١٢.\n(^٢) في س: \"المنصورى\".\n(^٣) سنن سعيد بن منصور (١٠٩٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٠٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٢٩٣، ٢٩٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ٢٠٤٥ من طريق سفيان به. وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٥٩ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"7","page":90},{"text":"عُمَرَ يَتَمَثَّلُ بشِعرِ أبي طالبٍ في النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\nوأَبيَضُ يُسْتَسقَى الغَمامُ بِوَجهِه ... ثِمالُ (^١) اليَتامَى عِصمَةٌ لِلأرامِلِ\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ علىٍّ عن أبي قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\nقال البخارىُّ (^٣): وقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ حَمزَةَ: حدثنا سالِمٌ، عن أبيه. يَعنِى ما:\n\n٦٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، حدثنا سالِمٌ، عن أبيه قال: رُبَّما ذَكَرتُ قَولَ الشّاعِرِ وأَنا أنظُرُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- على المِنبَرِ يَستَسقِى، فما يَنزِلُ حَتَّى يَجيشَ كُلُّ ميزابٍ (^٤)، فأَذكُرُ قَولَ الشّاعِرِ:\nوأَبيَضُ يُستَسقَى الغَمامُ بوَجهِه ... ثِمالُ اليَتامَى عِصمَةٌ لِلأرامِلِ\nقال: وهو قَولُ أبي طالِبٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٥٠١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن\n_________\n(^١) ثمال: يريد: عصمتهم وحاضرتهم، يقال: فلان يُقال قومه: إذا كان يقوم بأمرهم. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٢.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٠٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠٠٩).\n(^٤) الميزاب: هو ما يسيل منه الماء من موضع عالي. فتح الباري ٢/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٧٣)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٢) من طريق أبي النضر به.","vol":"7","page":91},{"text":"ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ أنَسٍ، يَعنِى عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان إذا قَحَطوا استَسقَى بالعباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ -﵁- فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنّا كُنّا نَتَوَسَّلُ إلَيكَ بنَبيِّنا -ﷺ- فتَسقِينا، وإِنّا نَتَوَسَّلُ إلَيكَ اليَومَ بعَمِّ نَبيِّنا -ﷺ- فاسقِنا. فيُسقَونَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىِّ وقالَ: عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ. مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ (^٢). وكأنَ ذِكرَ أنَسٍ سَقَطَ مِن كِتابِ شَيخِنا أبي محمدٍ ﵀. وقَد رَواه يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ وغَيرُه عن الأنصارِىَّ مَوصولًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1410>بابُ الإمامِ يَستَسقِى لِلنّاسِ فيَسقيهِمُ اللهُ ليَنظُرَ كَيفَ يَعمَلونَ في شُكرِهِ</span>\n\n٦٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، أخبرَنا أسباطُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لما رأَى رسولُ الله -ﷺ- مِنَ الناسِ إدبارًا قال: \"اللَّهُمّ بسَبعٍ كَسَبعِ يوسُفَ\". فأَخَذَتهُم سَنَةٌ حتَّى أكَلوا المَيتَةَ والجُلودَ والعِظامَ، فجاءَه أبو سُفيانَ وناسٌ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ فقالوا: يا محمدُ إنَّكَ تَزعُمُ أنَّكَ بُعِثتَ رَحمَةً، وإِنَّ قَومَكَ قَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ١٤٧. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٢١) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠١٠).\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٥٠٤.","vol":"7","page":92},{"text":"هَلَكوا، فادعُ اللهَ لَهُم. فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فسُقُوا الغَيثَ، فأَطبَقَت عَلَيهِم (^١) سَبعًا، فشَكَى النَّاسُ كَثرَةَ المَطَرِ فقالَ: \"اللّهُمَّ حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا\". فانحَدَرَتِ السَّحابَةُ عن رأسِه. قال: فأُسقِىَ (^٢) النّاسُ حَولَهُم. قال: لَقَد مَضَت آيَةُ الدُّخانِ -وهو الجوعُ الَّذِى أصابَهُم- وذَلِكَ قَولُه ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ﴾ [الدخان: ١٥]. وآيَةُ اللزامِ (^٣) والبَطشَةُ الكُبرَى يَومَ بَدرٍ، وانشِقاقُ القَمَرِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥)، وأَشارَ البخارىُّ إلَى رِوايَةِ أسباطٍ بزيادَتِه التى جاءَ بها في الحديثِ مِن دُعاءِ النَّبِى -ﷺ- وإِجابَةِ دَعوَتِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"المطر\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فما سقى\". وعند البخاري: \"فَسُقوا\".\n(^٣) في ص ٣، م: \"اللزوم\". وعند البخاري: \"واللزام وآية الروم\".\nواللزام هو ما جرى عليهم يوم بدر من القتل والأسر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٧/ ١٤٣.\nوينظر الدر المنثور ١١/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦ في تفسير قوله تعالى: ﴿فقد كذبتم فسوف يكون لزاما﴾ [الفرقان: ٧٧].\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٢٠٦)، والترمذي (٣٢٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٠٢) من طريق منصور به. والبخاري (٤٦٩٣)، وأحمد (٤١٠٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٩٨/ ٤٠)، والترمذى (٣٢٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٨١) من طريق أبي الضحى به. ولم يذكر الاستسقاء إلا المصنف.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠٠٧، ١٠٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٧٩٨/ ٣٩).","vol":"7","page":93},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1411>بابُ الإمامِ يَستَسقِى لِلنّاسِ فلَم يُسقَوا، فيَعودُ ثُمَّ يَعودُ حَتَّى يُسقَوا، ولا يقولُ: قَد دَعَوتُ وقَد دَعَوتُ فلم يُستَجَبْ لى</span>\n\n٦٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا يزالُ يُستَجابُ لِلعَبدِ ما لَم يَدعُ بإثمٍ أو قَطيعَةِ رَحِمٍ ما لَم يَستَعجِلْ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله ما الاستِعجالُ؟ قال: \"يقولُ: قَد دَعَوتُ وقَد دَعَوتُ فلَم يُستَجَبْ لِى. فيَستَحسِرُ عِندَ ذَلِكَ ويَدَعُ الدُّعاءَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي عُبَيدٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1412>بابُ استِسقاءِ إمامِ النّاحيَةِ المُخصِبَةِ لأهلِ النّاحيَةِ المُجدِبَةِ ولجَماعَةِ المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n٦٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٩٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٦٥٥) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٣٥/ ٩٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٣٤٠)، ومسلم (٢٧٣٥/ ٩٠، ٩١).","vol":"7","page":94},{"text":"حدثنا زَكَريا بنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَثَلُ المُؤمِنينَ في تَوادِّهِم وتَعاطُفِهِم وتَراحُمِهِم مَثَلُ الجَسَدِ إذا اشتَكَى مِنه عُضوٌ تَداعَى سائرُ الجَسَدِ بالسَّهَرِ والحُمَّى\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زَكَريّا (^٢).\n\n٦٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ ثَروانَ (^٣) المُعَلِّمُ، حَدَّثَنِى طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله بنِ كَريزٍ الخُزاعِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ الدَّرداءِ قالَت: حَدَّثَنِى سَيِّدِى، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن دَعا لأخيه بظَهرِ الغَيبِ قال المَلَكُ الموَكَّلُ به: آمينَ، ولَكَ بمِثل\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1413>بابُ الاستِسقاءِ بغَيِر صَلاةٍ ويَومَ الجُمُعَةِ على المِنبَرِ</span>\n\n٦٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ عبدِ الحَليمِ (^٦) يَعنِى البَيهَقِىَّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٩١)، والشعب (٧٦٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٨٠) من طريق إسحاق الأزرق به. وفى (١٨٣٧٥) من طريق زكريا به. وأحمد (١٨٣٥٥)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٦/ ...) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠١١)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٦/ ٦٦).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"سرادق\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٤٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٣٤) من طريق النضر به. ومسلم (٢٧٣٢/ ٨٦) من طريق طلحة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٣٢/ ٨٧).\n(^٦) في س: \"الحكيم\"، وفى ص ٣، م: \"الحميد\". وتقدم في (٥٤٨٣)، وينظر تاريخ دمشق =","vol":"7","page":95},{"text":"عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى الصَّنْعانِىُّ (^١) في مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ قالوا: حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ الله هو ابنُ عُمَرَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقامَ النَّاسُ فصاحُوا فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله قَحَطَ المَطَرُ، واحمَرَّ الشَّجَرُ، وهَلَكَتِ البَهائمُ، فادعُ اللهَ أن يَسقيَنا. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا، اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا\". قال: وايمُ الله ما نَرَى في السَّماءِ قَزَعَةً (^٢) مِن سَحابٍ فأَنشَأت سَحابَةٌ فانتَشَرَت ثُمَّ أَمطَرَت، ونَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى وانصَرَفَ، فلَم تَزَلْ تُمطِرُ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى، فلَمّا قامَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ صاحُوا فقالوا: يا نَبِىَّ الله، تَهَدَّمَتِ البُيوتُ وانقَطَعَتِ السُّبُلُ، فادعُ اللهَ أن يَحبِسَها عَنّا. فتَبَسَّمَ نَبِىُّ الله -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا\". فتَقَشَّعَت (^٣) عن المَدينَةِ، فجَعَلَت تُمطِرُ حَولَها وما تُمطِرُ بالمَدينَةِ قَطرَةً، فنَظَرتُ إلَى المَدينَةِ كأنَّها لَفِى مِثلِ الإكليلِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n= ١٢/ ٦٥، ٦٦، والأنساب ٢/ ٣٦٤.\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الصغانى\".\n(^٢) القزعة: القطعة من الغيم. التاج ٢٢/ ٥ (ق ز ع).\n(^٣) تقشعت: انكشفت. المفهم ٢/ ٥٤٥.\n(^٤) الإكليل: قيل: هو ما أحاط بالظفر من اللحم، وكل ما أحاط بشئ فهو إكليل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٤١. والمعنى أن الغيم أقلع عنها واستدار بآفاقها. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٩٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي (١٥١٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٢٣) من طريق محمد بن عبد الأعلى به. =","vol":"7","page":96},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عنه وعن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^١).\n\n٦٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا اشتَكَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- هَلاكَ المالِ وجَهدَ العيالِ. قال: فدَعا اللهَ فسُقِىَ، ولَم يَذكُرْ أنَّه حَوَّلَ رِداءَه ولا استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٣)، وفيه مَعَ ما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٤) كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ إنَّما يُسَنُّ في خُطبَةِ الاستِسقاءِ دونَ خُطبَةِ الجُمُعَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُخبِرَ أنَّ أبا لُبابَةَ يقولُ لِلسَّماءِ: أمِدِّى. يَدعو بالجَدبِ لِنَفاقِ (^٥) ثَمَرَةِ نَخلِه، فقالَ\n_________\n= وأحمد (١٣٠١٦)، والبخاري (٣٥٨٢)، ومسلم (٨٩٧/ ١١)، وأبو داود (١١٧٤) من طريق ثابت به.\n(^١) البخاري (١٠٢١)، ومسلم (٨٩٧/ ١٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٩٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٠١٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٤٥٥).\n(^٥) في س: \"لجفاف\". والنَّفاق ضد الكساد. ينظر تاج العروس ٩/ ١٠٨ (ك س د).","vol":"7","page":97},{"text":"رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ أرسِلْها حَتَّى يَسُدَّ أبو لُبابَةَ ثَعلَبَ مِربَدِه (^١) برِدائه\". فأَرسَلَ اللهُ السَّماءَ، فلَمّا صارَ السَّيلُ بثَمَرِ أبى لُبابَةَ وهو في المِربَدِ اضطُرَّ أبو لُبابَةَ إلَى إزارِه فسَدَّ به ثَعلَبَ المِربَدِ.\n\n٦٥٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمّادٍ الطِّهْرانىُّ بالرَّىِّ، أخبرَنا أبي، أخبرَنا السِّندِىُّ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدُويَه الدَّهَكِىَّ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عبدِ الله المَدَنِىِّ هو أبو أُوَيسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، عن أبى لُبابَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُنذِرِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: استَسقَى رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا، [اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا] (^٢) \". فقامَ أبو لُبابَةَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله إنَّ التَّمَرَ في المَرابِدِ. قال: وما في السماءِ سَحابٌ نَراه، فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا حَتَّى يَقومَ أبو لُبابَةَ عُريانَا يَسُدُّ ثَعلَبَ مِربَدِه بإزارِه\". قال: فاستَهَلَّتِ السَّماءُ فأَمطَرَتْ، وصَلَّى بنا رسولُ الله -ﷺ-. قال: ثُمَّ طافَتِ الأنصارُ بأَبِى لُبابَةَ يَقولون له: يا أبا لُبابَةَ، إنَّ السَّماءَ واللِه لَن تُقلِعَ أبَدًا حتَّى تَقومَ عُريانًا فتَسُدَّ ثَعلَبَ مِربَدِكَ بإِزارِكَ كما قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-. قال: فقامَ أبو لُبابَةَ عُريانًا، فسَدَّ ثَعلَبَ مِربَدِه بإِزارِه. قال: فأَقلَعَتِ السَّماءُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المربد: الموضع يجفف فيه التمر، وثعلبه: ثقبه الذي يسيل منه ماء المطر. النهاية ١/ ٢١٣.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٥١٥)، وعنه الطبراني في الدعاء (٢١٨٦) من طريق محمد بن حماد به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٢١٥: فيه من لا يعرف.","vol":"7","page":98},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1414>بابُ الدُّعاءِ في الاستِسقاءِ</span>\n\n٦٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن شَريكِ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى شَريكٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ مِن بابٍ كان نَحوَ دارِ القَضاءِ (^١)، ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قائمٌ يَخطُبُ، فاستَقبَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قائمًا، ثُمَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ هَلَكَتِ الأموالُ وانقَطَعَتِ السُّبُلُ، فادعُ اللهَ أن يُغيثَنا. قال: فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أغِثنا، اللَّهُمَّ أغِثْنا، [اللَّهُمَّ أغِثنا] (^٢) \". ثَلاثًا. قال أنَسٌ: فلا واللهِ ما نَرَى في السَّماءِ سَحابَةً ولا قَزَعَةً، وما بَينَنا وبَينَ سَلْعٍ مِن بَيتٍ ولا دارٍ. قال: فطَلَعَتْ مِن ورائِه سَحابَةٌ مِثلُ التُّرسِ (^٣)، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) هي دار لعمر بن الخطاب بيعت بعد موته لقضاء دَينه، وكانت تسمى دار قضاء دين عمر، ثم سميت بدار القضاء اختصارًا. وقال بعضهم: هي دار الإمارة. غلطا. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٣/ ١٧٤.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) الترس: آلة كانوا يتوقون بها في الحرب. ينظر المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٨٧.","vol":"7","page":99},{"text":"تَوَسَّطَتِ السَّماءَ انتَشَرَت ثُمَّ أمطَرَت. قال أنَسٌ: فلا واللهِ ما رأَينا الشَّمسَ سبتًا (^١). قال: ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن ذَلِكَ البابِ في الجُمُعَةِ المُقبِلَةِ ورسولُ الله -ﷺ- قائمٌ (^٢) يَخطُبُ، فاستَقبَلَه قائمًا فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله هَلَكَتِ الأموالُ وانقَطَعَتِ السُّبُلُ، فادعُ اللهَ يُمسِكْها عَنا. قال: فرَفَعَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَدَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا، اللَّهُمَّ على الإكامِ والظِّرابِ (^٣) وبُطونِ الأوديَةِ ومَنابِتِ الشَّجَرِ\". قال: فأَقلَعَتْ وخَرَجْنا نَمشِى في الشَّمسِ. قال شَريكٌ: فسأَلتُ أنَسًا: أهو الرَّجُلُ الأوَّلُ؟ فقالَ: لا أدرِى (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى ويَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن إسماعيلَ (^٥).\n\n٦٥١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَواكِى فقال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا غَيثًا مُغيثًا مَريًّا مَريعًا (^٦)، عاجِلًا غَيرَ آجِل، نافِعًا\n_________\n(^١) في م وبعض نسخ البخاري: \"ستا\". وسبتا بالباء قيل: أراد أسبوعا من السبت إلى السبت فأطلق عليه اسمُ اليوم ... وقيل: أراد بالسبت مدة من الزمان قليلة كانت أو كثيرة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٣١، وينظر فتح البارى ٢/ ٥٠٤.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) الظراب: جمع ظرب، وهو الجبل المنبسط ليس بالعالى. فتح الباري ٢/ ٥٠٥، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٥١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٨٨) من طريق على بن حجر به. وتقدم في (٦٤٥٤).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٠١٤)، ومسلم (٨٩٧/ ٨).\n(^٦) المريع: المخصب الناجع. النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٠.","vol":"7","page":100},{"text":"غَيرَ ضارٍّ\". فأَطبَقَتْ عَلَيهِم (^١). هَكَذا أخبرَنا به في كِتابِ \"المستدرك\"، وأخبرَنا به في \"الفوائد الكبير\" لأبِى العباسِ، فقالَ في الحديثِ: أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- هَوازِنُ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"قولوا: اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا\".\n\n٦٥١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُشنانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ. فذَكَرَه وقال: هَوازِنُ. ولَم يَقُلْ: \"قولوا\" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ هو في نُسخَتِنا لِكِتابِ أبي داودَ (^٤). وكانَ أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطَّابِىُّ ﵀ يَستَقرِئُه: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَواكَى. ثُمَّ فسَّرَه فقالَ: قَولُه: تَواكَى (^٥). مَعناه التَّحامُلُ إذا رَفَعَهُما ومَدَّهُما في الدُّعاءِ (^٦).\n\n٦٥١٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُجاهِدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه على اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ أبي، فقالَ أي: أعطانا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ كِتابَه عن مِسعَرٍ فنَسَخناه، ولَم يَكُنْ هَذا الحَديثُ فيهِ، لَيسَ هَذا بشَئٍ. كأَنَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير عقب (٤٧٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٢٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٤٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١١٢٣ - منتخب)، وابن خزيمة (١٤١٦) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١١٦٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٣٦).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"يواكى\".\n(^٦) معالم السنن ١/ ٢٥٥. وينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢١٨.","vol":"7","page":101},{"text":"أنكَرَه مِن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ. قال أبي: فحَدَّثَناه يَعلَى أخو محمدٍ قال: حدثنا مِسعَر عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ مُرسَلًا، ولَم يَقُلْ: بَواكِى (^١). خالَفَه (^٢).\n\n٦٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ السِّمْطِ، أنَّه قال لِكَعبِ بنِ مُرَّةَ أو مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبٍ: حَدِّثْنا حَديثًا سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- دَعا على مُضَرَ، فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ اللهَ قَد أعطاكَ واستَجابَ لَكَ، وإِنَّ قَومَكَ قَد هَلَكوا فادعُ اللهَ لَهُم. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا غَيثًا مُغيثًا مَريًّا مَريعًا، غَدَقًا طَبقًا، عاجِلًا غَيرَ رائثٍ (^٣)، نافِعًا غَيرَ ضارٍّ\". فما كانَت إلَّا جُمُعَةٌ أو نَحوُها حتَّى سُقُوا (^٤).\n\n٦٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ نيخابٍ (^٥)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المِنقَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأشَلُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا استَسقَى قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِ عِبادَكَ وبَهائمَكَ، وانشُرْ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"تواكى\".\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٥٥٣٠، ٥٥٣١).\n(^٣) الغدق: الكثير القَطر. والطبق: المطر العام. والرائث: البطئ. ينظر الفائق ١/ ٣٤٢، ٣٤٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٧٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) في م. \"منجاب\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٤٣٨، والأنساب ٤/ ٩٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٣٠.","vol":"7","page":102},{"text":"رَحمَتَكَ، وأَحىِ (^١) بَلَدَكَ المَيتَ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عليُّ بنُ قادِمٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢)، ورَواه مالك عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عمرٍو، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ. مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n٦٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ حَفصٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا يَعلَى (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَرادٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا استَسقَى قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اسقِنا غَيثًا مُغيثًا مَريَّا، تُوسعُ به لِعِبادِكَ، تُغزِرُ به الضَّرعَ، وتُحيىِ به الزَّرعَ\". لفَظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ. وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ الحارِثِ قال: حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ الأشدَقِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَرادٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه. وزادَ: \"هَنيئًا مَريًّا\" (^٥).\n\n٦٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"واسق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٧٦) من طريق على بن قادم به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٩٠. ومن طريقه أبو داود (١١٧٦)، وفى المراسيل (٦٩). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٤٣).\n(^٤) في س: \"سهل\". وهو يعلى بن الأشدق العقيلى، قال عنه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٣/ ١٤٢: لا يحل الرواية عنه بحال ولا الاحتجاج به بحيلة ولا كتابته إلا للخواص عند الاعتبار. وينظر الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٤٢، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٣١٢.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٨٣: يعلى كذاب.","vol":"7","page":103},{"text":"خالِدُ بنُ رَباحٍ، عن المُطلِبِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ عِندَ المَطَرِ: \"اللَّهم سقيا رَحمَة، ولا سقيا عَذاب، ولا بَلاء، ولا هَدْم، ولا غَرَقٍ، اللهمَّ على الظِّرابِ ومَنابِتِ الشجَرِ، اللَّهم حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا\" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1415>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ في دُعاءِ الاستِسقاءِ</span>\n\n٦٥١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الشهيدُ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَس بنِ مالكٍ ويونُس بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنس بنِ مالكٍ قال: أصابَ أهلَ المَدينَةِ قَحطٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ-. قال: فبَينَما هو -ﷺ- يَخطبنا يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ إذ قامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله هَلَكَ الكُراعُ (^٢)، وهَلَكَ الشاءُ، فادعُ اللهَ أن يَسقيَنا. فمَدَّ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَدَيه ودَعا. قال أنس: وإِنَّ السَّماءَ لَمِثلُ الزجاجَةِ، فهاجَتْ ريحٌ، ثُمَّ أنشأَت سَحابًا، ثُمَّ اجتَمَعَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَتِ السَّماءُ عَزاليَها (^٣)، فخَرَجنا نَخوضُ الماءَ حتَّى أتَينا مَنازِلَنا، فلَم تَزَلْ تُمطِرُ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى، فقامَ إلَيه ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ أو غَيرُه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله تَهَدَّمَتِ البُيوتُ، فادعُ اللهَ أن يَحبِسَه.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠١٤)، والدعوات الكبير (٤٨٣)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥١. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٨٤: ضعيف.\n(^٢) الكُراع: اسم لجميع الخيل. النهاية ٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"عزابيلها\". والعزالى: جمع العزلاء، وهو فم المزادة الأسفل، فشبه اتساع المطر واندفاقه بالذى يخرج من فم المزادة. النهاية ٣/ ٢٣١.","vol":"7","page":104},{"text":"فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ حَوالَينا ولا عَلَينا\". قال أنسٌ: فنَظَرتُ إلَى السَّحابِ تَصَدعَ حَولَ المَدينَةِ كأَنَّها إكليلٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَددٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى وابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ ومُحَمدُ بنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ جَميعًا، عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لا يَرفَعُ يَدَيه في شَيءٍ مِن دُعائه إلَّا في الاستِسقاءِ، فإنَّه كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه حَتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إبْطَيهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عَنهُما (^٤).\n\n٦٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١١٧٤) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٣٧٠٠، ١٣٨٦٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٥٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٦٧)، والنسائي (١٥١٢) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٤٠٠٦)، والبخاري (٣٥٦٥)، وأبو داود (١١٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٤٣٨)، وابن ماجه (١١٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٩١) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٣١)، ومسلم (٨٩٥/ ٧).","vol":"7","page":105},{"text":"حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ثابِت، عن أنس قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يَرفع يَدَيه في الدُّعاءِ حتَّى يُرَى بَياضُ إبْطَيه. يَعنِى في الاستِسقاءِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو سلَمةَ وعَلِيُّ بنُ عثمانَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن (^٣) ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- استَسقَى فقالَ هَكَذا، ومَد يَدَيه وجَعَلَ بُطونَهُما ممّا يَلى الأرضَ حَتَّى رأَيتُ بَياضَ إبطَيهِ زادَ عليٌّ: وهو على المِنبَرِ (^٤).\n\n٦٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى الأشيَبُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- استَسقَى فأَشارَ بظَهرِ كَفيه إلَى السماءِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ موسَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٢٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٤٣٧) من طريق شعبه به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٩٥/ ٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حدثنا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٣٩)، وأبو داود (١١٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤١٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٥٤) عن الحسن بن موسى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٨٩٥/ ٦).","vol":"7","page":106},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1416>باب رفع الناس أيديهم مع الإمام في الاستسقاء</span>\n\n٦٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ [أحمدَ بنِ] (^١) خَنبٍ البَغدادِىّ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذي، حدثنا أيوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ قال: قال يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: أتَى رَجُل أعرابِي مِن أهلِ البَدو رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هَلَكَتِ الماشيَةُ، هَلَكَ العيالُ، هَلَكَ النَّاسُ. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَيه يَدعو، ورَفَعَ النّاسُ أيديَهُم مَعَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- يَدعونَ. قال: فما خَرَجنا مِنَ المَسجِدِ حَتَّى مُطِرنا، فما زِلنا نُمطَرُ حَتَّى الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى، فأَتَى الرَّجُلُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَثِقَ المُسافِرُ (^٢)، ومُنِعَ الطَّريقُ (^٣). أخرَجَهُ البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1417>بابُ كراهيَةِ الاستِمطار بالأنواءِ </span>(^٥)\n\n٦٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) لثق المسافر: وقع في ماء وطين. هدى السارى ص ١٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٤٩٧) من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل وإبراهيم بن أبي داود الأسدى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٠٢٩).\n(^٥) الأنواء: ثمانية وعشرون نجما معروفة المطالع في أزمنة السنة كلها يسقط منها في كل مدة نجم في المغرب مع طلوع الفجر، ويطلع آخر يقابله في المشرق من ساعته، فكانت العرب في الجاهلية إذا سقط منها نجم وطلع آخر قالوا: لابد من أن يكون عند ذلك مطر ورياح. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٣٢١.","vol":"7","page":107},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيىَ قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِى قال: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ الله -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الصبحِ بالحُدَيبيَةِ في إثرِ سَماءٍ كانَت مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فلَما انصَرَفَ أقبَلَ على الناسِ فقالَ: \"هَل تَدرونَ ماذا قال رَبُّكُم ﷿؟ \". قالوا: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"أصبَحَ مِن عِبادِى مُؤمِنٌ بى وكافِرٌ؛ فأَمّا مَن قال: مُطِرنا بفَضلِ اللهِ ورَحمَتِه. فذَلِكَ مُؤمِنٌ بي كافِرٌ بالكَوكَبِ، وأَمّا مَن قال: مُطِرنا بنَوءِ كَذا وكَذا. فذَلِكَ كافِرٌ بى مُؤمِنٌ بالكَوكَبِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِى وابنِ أبي أوَيس عن مالكٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ (^٣).\nورَواه الزُّهرِي عن عُبَيدِ الله عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه، وكأنه سَمِعَه مِنهُما:\n\n٦٥٢٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠١٧)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٤٥٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٢، ومالك ١/ ١٩٢. وتقدم في (٣٠٧٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧١)، والبخاري (٨٤٦، ١٠٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٢٩١٨) من طريق عبد العزيز الماجشون به. وابن منده في الإيمان (٥٠٤) من طريق محمد بن جعفر بن أبي كثير به.","vol":"7","page":108},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سَوَّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألَم تَرَوا إلَى ما قال رَبُّكُم؟ قال: ما أنعَمتُ على عِبادِى مِن نِعمَة إلَّا أصبَحَ فريقٌ مِنهُم بها كافِرينَ، يَقولونَ: الكَوكَبُ وبالكَوكَبِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوَّادٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢). ورَواه أبو يونُسَ عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه (^٣).\nورُوىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٦٥٢٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو زُمَيلٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ، قال: مُطِرَ النّاسُ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أصبَحَ مِنَ الناسِ شاكِرٌ ومِنهُم كافِرٌ؛ قالوا: هذه رَحمَةٌ وضَعَها اللهُ. وقالَ بَعضهُم: لَقَد صَدَقَ نَوءُ كَذا وكَذا\". فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ﴾ (^٤) [الواقعة: ٧٥ - ٨٢]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عباسِ بنِ عبدِ العَظيمِ عن النَّضرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٢٣) من طريق عمرو بن سواد به. وأحمد (٨٧٣٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٢/ ١٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٦٣)، ومسلم (٧٢/ ...) من طريق أبي يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٨٨٢) من طريق عباس بن عبد العظيم به. وأبو عوانة (٦٨) من طريق النضر به.","vol":"7","page":109},{"text":"ابنِ محمدٍ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ [وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو] (^٢) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِي ﵀ في حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِى: أُرَى مَعنَى قَولِه -ﷺ- واللهُ أعلَمُ، أن مَن قال: مُطِرنا بفَضلِ الله ورَحمَتِه. فذَلِكَ إيمان باللهِ؛ لأنَّه يَعلَمُ أنه لا يُمطِرُ ولا يُعطِى إلَّا اللهُ ﷿، وأَمَّا مَن قال: مُطِرنا بنَوءِ كَذا. على ما كان بَعضُ أهلِ الشركِ يَعنُونَ مِن إضافَةِ المَطَرِ إلَى أنهَ أمطَرَهَ نَوءُ كَذا، فذَلِكَ كُفرٌ كما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ لأنَّ النَوءَ وقت، والوَقتُ مَخلوق لا يَملِكُ لِنَفسِه ولا لِغَيرِه شَيئًا، ولا يُمطِرُ ولا يَصنَعُ شَيئًا، فأَما مَن قال: مُطِرْنا بنَوءِ كَذا. على مَعنَى: مُطِرْنا في وقتِ نَوءِ كَذا، فإِنَّما ذَلِكَ كَقَولِه: مُطِرْنا في شَهرِ كَذا. فلا يَكونُ هَذا كُفرًا، وغَيرُه مِنَ الكَلامِ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ مِنه؛ أُحِبُّ أن يَقولَ: مُطِرنا في وقتِ كَذا. قال: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ بَعضَ أصحابِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- كان إذا أصبَحَ وقَد مُطِرَ النَّاسُ قال: مُطِرنا بنَوءِ الفَتحِ. ثُمَّ يَقرأُ: ﴿مَا يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلَا مُمْسِكَ لَهَا﴾ [فاطر: ٢]. قال الشافِعِى ﵀: وقَد رُوىَ (^٣) عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه قال يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ وهو على المِنبَرِ: كَم بَقِىَ مِن نَوءِ الثرَيا؟ [فقامَ العباسُ فقالَ] (^٤): لَم يَبقَ مِنه شَئ إلا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٣).\n(^٢) مضروب عليه في أصل المصنف، وبعده \"قال\". كذا في حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"روينا\".\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"فقال العباس\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقام العباس فقال ... \".","vol":"7","page":110},{"text":"العَوّاءُ (^١). فدَعا ودَعا النّاسُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عن المِنبَرِ، فمُطِرَ مَطَرًا أُحيِىَ النّاسُ مِنه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَولُ عُمَرَ -﵁- هَذا يُبَيِّنُ ما وصَفْتُ؛ لأنَّه إنَّما أرادَ: كَم بَقِىَ مِن وقتِ الثرَيّا؟ لمعرِفَتِهِم (^٢) بأَنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى قَدَّرَ الأمطارَ في أوقاتٍ فيما (^٣) جَرَّبوا، كما عَلِموا أنَّه قَدرَ الحَر والبَردَ فيما جَربوا في أوقاتٍ. قال: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أوجَفَ (^٤) بشَيخٍ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ غَدا مُتَّكِئًا على عُكازٍ وقَد مُطِرَ النّاسُ فقالَ: أجادَ ما أقْرَى (^٥) المِجدحُ (^٦) البارِحَةَ. فأَنكَرَ عُمَرُ قَولَه: أجادَ ما أقرَى المِجدَحُ (^٧)؛ لإِضافَتِه المَطَرَ إلَى المِجدَحِ (^٨).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: هَذا كُله كَلامُ الشَّافِعِىِّ ﵀، والَّذِى رَواه عن بَعضِ الصَّحابَةِ في نَوءِ الفَتحِ مَروىٌّ عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-:\n\n٦٥٢٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان\n_________\n(^١) العَواء: منزل للقمر، وسمى به؛ لأنه يعوى في أثر البرد فيطرده، ولذلك يسمونه طاردة البرد. ينظر التاج ٣٩/ ١٣٩ (ع وى).\n(^٢) في الأم: \"ليعرفهم\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"قد\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"أرجف\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"بخطه أزحف\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"أفرى\". وأقرى: جاد وأكرم. ينظر التاج ٣٦/ ٢٨٦ (ق ر ى)، والمجدح: نجم من النجوم. النهاية ١/ ٧٠٠. وينظر فتح الباري لابن رجب ٦/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٦) في س: \"المجيدح\".\n(^٧) في الأصل، س: \"المجيدح\".\n(^٨) في الأصل: \"المختدج\".\nوينظر الأم ١/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"7","page":111},{"text":"يقولُ. فذكَرَه (^١).\nوالذِي رَواه أوَّلًا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فهو فيما:\n\n٦٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر القَطانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِى، عن سَلمانَ الأغَر مَولَى جُهَينَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ لَيُبَيِّتُ القَومَ بالنعمَةِ، ثُمَّ يُصبِحونَ وأكثرُهُم بها كافِرٌ، يَقولونَ: مُطِرنا بنَوءِ كَذا وكَذا\". قال محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ: فحَدثتُ هَذا الحَديثَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيِّبِ عن سَلمانَ عن أبي هريرةَ، فقالَ سعيد: نَحنُ قَد سَمِعْنا ذاكَ مِن أبي هريرةَ، وقَد حَدَّثَنِى مَن لا أتهِمُ أنَّه شَهِدَ هَذا المُصَلَّى مِن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وهو يَستَسقِى بالناسِ عامَ الرمادَةِ (^٢). قال: فدَعا والناسُ طَويلًا، واستَسقَى طَويلًا، وقالَ: يا عباسُ، لِلعباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ، كَم بَقِىَ مِن نَوءِ الثرَيّا؟ فقالَ له العباسُ -﵁-: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّ أهلَ العِلمِ بها يَزعُمونَ أنَّها تَعتَرِضُ بالأُفُقِ بَعدَ وُقوعِها سَبعًا. قال: فواللهِ ما مَضَتْ تِلكَ السَّبعُ حَتَّى أُغيثَ النَّاسُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٩٢.\n(^٢) عام الرمادة هو عام ١٨ هـ، وسمى بذلك لأن الأرض كلها صارت سوداء من شدة الجدب فشبهت بالرماد، ودام ذلك تسعة أشهر. ينظر طبقات ابن سعد ٣/ ٣١٠، وفتح الباري ٢/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٠٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به، دون أثر عمر والعباس. والحميدي (٩٧٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به بطوله، وعنده: أبو سلمة. بدلًا: من سلمان. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٨٧: حسن غريب.","vol":"7","page":112},{"text":"قال الشيخ ﵀: وجهُ الجَمعِ بَينَهُما ما ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1418>بابُ البُروزِ لِلمَطَرِ</span>\n\n٦٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رزقُويَه (^١)، حدثنا أبو زَكَريا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ النَّسَوى قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال أنَس: أصابَنا ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- مَطَر. قال: فحَسَرَ (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثَوبَه حتَّى أصابَه مِنَ المَطَرِ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ لِمَ صَنَعتَ هَذا؟ قال: \"لأنَّه حَديث عَهدٍ بربِّه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، ورُوىَ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1419>بابُ ما جاءَ في السَّيلِ</span>\n\n٦٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"زرقويه\". بتقديم الزاى على الراء. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٥٨، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٦١٤.\n(^٢) حسر كمه عن ذراعه: كشف، وعمامته عن رأسه، والمرأة درعها عن جسدها، وكل شيء كُشف فقد حسر. التاج ١١/ ١٢ (ح س ر).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٦٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٨٣٧) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٩٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ٢٥٢ عن ابن عباس بلاغًا.","vol":"7","page":113},{"text":"الربيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مَن لا أتَّهِمُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا سألَ السَّيلُ قال: \"اخرُجوا بنا إلَى هَذا الَّذِى جَعَلَه اللهُ طَهورًا، فنَتَطَهَّرُ مِنه ونَحمَدُ اللهَ عَلَيه\" (^١). هَذا مُنقَطِع. ورُوىَ فيه عن عُمَرَ.\n\n٦٥٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله الحُرْفِى ببَغدادَ في الحَربيةِ (^٢)، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عمرِو بنِ سَعدٍ صاحِبِ الجارِ (^٣) مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: مَرَّ بنا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- آتيًا مِنَ الحَجِّ ومَعَه نَفَر مِن أصحابِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: اغتَسِلوا مِنَ البحرِ؛ فإِنَّه مُبارَك. ثُمَّ دَعا بمَناديلَ فنَزَلوا واغتَسَلوا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1420>بابُ طَلَبِ الإجابَةِ عِندَ نُزولِ الغَيث</span>\n\n٦٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ البَزارُ (^٥)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ يَعقوبَ الزَّمْعِى، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٢٢)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحر\".\nوالحربية: محلة كبيرة مشهورة ببغداد عند باب حرب، ينسب إليها طائفة من أهل العلم. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٣) الجار: مدينة بالحجاز على ساحل البحر الأحمر مما يلي المدينة. ينظر الروض المعطار ١/ ١٥٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٠٠) من طريق هشام بن سعد به.\n(^٥) في ص ٣، م: \"البزاز\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٣٦، وتقدم في (٢١٠٤، ٢٨٠٩، ٥٣٧٣).","vol":"7","page":114},{"text":"رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"ثِنتانِ لا تُرَدّانِ -أو: قَلَّما تُرَدّانِ- الدُّعاءُ عِندَ النِّداءِ، وعِندَ البأسِ حينَ يلحِمُ (^١) بَعضُهم بَعضًا\". قال موسَى (^٢): وحَدَّثَنِي رِزقُ بن سعيدِ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَدَني، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وتَحتَ المَطَرِ\" (^٣).\nورُوىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أبي أُمامَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَّا أنَّ عُفَيرَ بنَ مَعدانَ على طَريقِه (^٤):\n\n٦٥٣٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِى، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عُفَيرِ بنِ مَعدانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ ابنُ عامِرٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُفتَحُ أبوابُ السَّماءِ ويُستَجابُ الدُّعاءُ في أربَعَةِ مَواطِنَ؛ عِندَ التِقاءِ الصُّفوفِ، وعِندَ نُزولِ الغَيثِ، وعِندَ إقامَةِ الصَّلاةِ، وعِندَ رُؤيَةِ الكَعبَةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أي: يشتبك الحرب بينهم، ويلزم بعضهم بعضًا. النهاية ٤/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٣، ١١٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وتقدم في (١٩٥٩).\n(^٤) هو عفير بن معدان الحضرمي أبو عائذ الحمصي المؤذِّن. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٨١، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٧٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٥: ضعيف.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٢٥). وأخرجه الطبراني (٧٧١٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٨٨: عفير ضعيف.","vol":"7","page":115},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1421>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَغَيُّرِ لَونِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا هَبَّت ريح شَديدَةً أو رَأى سَحابًا</span>\n\n٦٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغاني، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ أنه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: كانَتِ الرّيحُ الشَّديدَةُ إذا هَبتْ عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ في وجهِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ أبا النَّضرِ حَدَّثَه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسار، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قَطُّ مُستَجمِعًا ضاحِكًا حتَّى أرَى مِنه لَهَواتِه (^٣)، إنَّما كان يَتَبَسمُ. قالَت: وكانَ إذا رأَى غَيمًا أو ريحًا عُرِفَ في وجهِه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، النّاسُ إذا رأَوُا الغَيمَ فرِحوا رَجاءَ أن يَكونَ فيه المَطَرُ، وأَراكَ إذا رأَيتَه عُرِفَ في وجهِكَ الكَراهيَةُ. قال: \"يا عائشَةُ وما يؤمنُنِى أن يَكونَ فيه عَذاب؟ قَد عُذِّبَ قَومٌ بالريحِ، وقَد رأى قَوم العَذابَ\". وتَلا رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: ﴿فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَذَا عَارِضٌ مُمْطِرُنَا﴾ [الأحقاف: ٢٤].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٢٠) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٠٣٤).\n(^٣) اللهوات: جمع لَهَاة، وهي اللحمة المتعلقة في أعلى الحنك. فتح الباري ٨/ ٥٧٨.","vol":"7","page":116},{"text":"الآية (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلم عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1422>بابُ ما كان (^٣) يقولُ عِندَ هُبوبِ الرّيح ويَنهَى عن سَبِّها</span>\n\n٦٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ يُحَدِّثُنا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباح، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىﷺ- قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إذا عَصفَتِ الرِّيح قال: \"اللَّهُمّ إنِّى أن أَسألُكَ خَيرَها، وخَيرَ ما فيها، وخَيرَ ما أرسِلَت به، وأَعوذ بك مِن شَرها، وشَر ما فيها، وشَر ما أرسِلَت به\". قالَت: فإِذا تَخَيَّلَتِ (^٤) السَّماءُ تَغَيَّرَ لَونُه، وخَرَجَ ودَخَلَ، وأَقبَلَ وأَدبَرَ، فإِذا مَطَرَت سُرِّىَ عنه. فعَرَفَتْ ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ مِنه فسأَلَته، فقالَ: \"لَعَلَّه يا عائشَة كما قال قَوم عاد: ﴿فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَذَا عَارِضٌ مُمْطِرُنَا﴾ \" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي طاهِرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٦٩)، وأبو داود (٥٠٩٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨٢٨، ٤٨٢٩)، ومسلم (٨٩٩/ ١٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"تجلت\". و\"تخيلت\" من المَخيلة بفتح الميم، وهي سحابة فيها رعد وبرق يخيل إليه أنها ماطرة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢١٦، ٢١٧، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣١٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. والترمذي (٣٤٤٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٧٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٨٩٩/ ١٦).","vol":"7","page":117},{"text":"٦٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَير (^١)، عن اللَّيثِ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسٍ [أحَدِ بَنِى] (^٢) زُرَيقٍ أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قالَ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِى، حَدثَنى محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ شِهابٍ الزهرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ثابِت الزرَقِيُّ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: أخَذَتِ الناسَ ريحٌ بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ، وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- حاجٌّ، فاشتَدتْ عَلَيه، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- لِمَن حَولَه: ما الرّيحُ؟ فلَم يَرجِعوا إلَيه شَيئًا، فبَلَغَنِى الَّذِى سأَلَ عنه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- مِن ذَلِكَ، فاستَحثَثتُ راحِلَتِى إلَيه حَتَّى أدرَكتُه، فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أُخبِرتُ أنَّكَ سأَلتَ عن الرّيحِ، وإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الرّيحُ مِن رَوحِ اللهِ ﷿، تأتِى بالرحمَةِ وتأتِى بالعَذابِ، فلا تَسبوها، واسألوا اللهَ ﷿ خَيرَها، واستَعيذوا باللهِ (^٣) مِن شَرها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كثير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٠١.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"أخبرني\".\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"به\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (٣١٦)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٨٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧١٤) من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (٧٤١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٢٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأبو داود (٥٠٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٦٧) من طريق الزهري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٢٥٠).","vol":"7","page":118},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1423>بابُ ما كان يقولُ إذا رأى المَطَرَ</span>\n\n٦٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيد الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ مَسلَمَةَ (^١) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا القَعنَبِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا كان يَومُ الرِّيحِ والغَيمِ عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ في وجهِه، فأَقبَلَ وأَدبَرَ، وإِذا مَطَرَ سُرَّ به وذَهَبَ عنه ذَلِكَ. قالَت عائشَةُ: فسأَلتُه فقالَ: \"إنى خَشِيتُ أن يَكونَ عَذابًا سُلطَ على أُمتِى\". ويَقولُ إذا رأَى المَطَرَ: \"رَحمَةٌ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ مُعاذٍ: سُرِّىَ وذَهَبَ عنه ذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٦٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرَّازِىُّ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّاد، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٣٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"الجرش\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٢٣٩، وتقدم في (٤٦٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٩٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥٨) من طريق القعنبيّ به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٨٩٩/ ١٤).","vol":"7","page":119},{"text":"عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- كان إذا رأَى المَطَرَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَيبًا (^١) هَنيئًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ الله بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُقَيل عن نافِع (^٤).\n\n٦٥٤٠ - ورَواهَ الأوزاعِى عن نافِع فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"اللهُمَّ اجعَلْه صَيبًا هَنيئًا (^٥) \". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوى، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحسَينِ السمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرازِى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ القُرَشِى دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِى، حَدثَنِى نافِعٌ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِهِ (^٦). وقَدِ استَشهَدَ البخارىُّ برِوايَتِه (^٧)، وذَكَرَ الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ سَماعَ الأوزاعِى مِن نافِعٍ مِن هَذا الوَجهِ عنه، وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يَزعُمُ أنَّ الأوزاعِى لَم يَسمَعْ مِن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٨).\n\n٦٥٤١ - ويَشهَدُ لِقَولِه ما: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ يَعنِى ابنَ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) صيبًا: أي منهمرًا مُتَدفقًا. النهاية ٣/ ٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٥٧) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٠٣٢).\n(^٤) ذكره البخاري عقب (١٠٣٢).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"مريًا\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٨٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٥٤) من طريق الوليد به. وابن ماجه (٣٨٩٠) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٧) البخاري عقب (١٠٣٢).\n(^٨) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٤١٩ (٥٠٧١).","vol":"7","page":120},{"text":"أخبرَنِى أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِى، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ أخبَرَه عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٦٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا رأَى سَحابًا أو مَخيلَةً فزعَ، فإِذا مَطَرَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ سَيبًا (^٢) نافِعًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1424>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا سَمعَ الرَّعدَ</span>\n\n٦٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِى، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مَطَرٍ (^٤)، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا سَمِعَ الرَّعدَ والصَّواعِقَ قال: \"اللهُمَّ لا تقتُلنا بغَضَبِكَ، ولا تُهلِكْنا بعَذابِكَ، وعافِنا قَبلَ ذَلِكَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٥٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سقيًا\"، وفى بعض مصادر التخريج: \"صيبا\".\nوسَيبًا: أي عَطَاء. ويجوز أن يريد مطرًا سائبًا: أي جَارِيًا. النهاية ٢/ ٤٣٢.\n(^٣) مسند إسحاق (١٥٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٤)، والنسائي (١٥٢٢)، وابن حبان (٩٩٤) من طريق مسعر به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٦٥)، وأبو داود (٥٠٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٨٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٨٩) من طريق المقدام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٢٥٢).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"مظفر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٢٩٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٦٣) عن عفان به. والترمذي (٣٤٥٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٧٦٤) من =","vol":"7","page":121},{"text":"٦٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه كان إذا سَمِعَ الرعدَ تَرَكَ الحديثَ وقالَ: سُبحانَ (^١) الَّذِى يُسَبحُ الرعد بحَمدِه والمَلائكَةُ مِن خيفَتِه. ثُمَّ يقولُ: إنَّ هَذا الوَعيدَ لأهلِ الأرضِ شَديدٌ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِى، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ طاوُسٍ: ما كان أبوكَ يقولُ إذا سَمِعَ الرعدَ؟ قال: كان يقولُ: سُبحانَ مَن سَبحْتَ لَه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: كأَنَّه يَذهَبُ إلَى قَولِ الله ﷿: ﴿وَيُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ﴾ (^٣) [الرعد: ١٣].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1425>بابُ الإِشارَةِ إلَى المَطَرِ</span>\n\n٦٥٤٦ - يُذكَرُ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنه قال: إذا رأَى أحَدُكُمُ البَرقَ أو الوَدْقَ (^٤) فلا يُشِر إلَيه، وليَصِفْ وليَنعَتْ. أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مَن لا أتَّهِمُ،\n_________\n= طريق عبد الواحد به. وقال الترمذي: غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^١) في س، م: \"سبحان الله\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"سبح\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٩٢، ومن طريقه أحمد في الزهد ص ٢٠١، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٧٢٣).\nوصححه الألباني في صحيح الأدب المفرد (٥٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٣٣)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٣. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبه (٢٩٧٠٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) الودق: هو المطر كله شديده وهينه. النهاية ٥/ ١٦٨، والتاج ٢٦/ ٤٥٢ (ود ق).","vol":"7","page":122},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عُروةَ بذَلِكَ (^١).\nهو في \"المُسنَدِ\" الَّذِى خَرَّجَه ابنُ مَطَرٍ، وسَمِعناه مِن أبي زَكَريا وغيرِه (^٢): سُليمان بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عويمِرٍ عن عروة (^٣). وفِى \"المبسوط\" الَّذِى سَمِعناه مِن أبي سعيدٍ: ابنُ عوَيمِرٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٥٤٧ - والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ أبي سعيدٍ؛ فقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عوَيمِرٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ فأَشَرتُ بيَدِى إلَى السَّحابِ فقالَ: لا تَفعَلْ؛ فإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُشارَ إلَيه. أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذكَرَه (^٥).\nقال أبو داودَ: وحَدثَنا محمدُ بنُ بَشارٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى (^٦) أن يُشارَ إلَى المَطَرِ. هَذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٣٤)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٢٤.\n(^٤) مسند الشافعي (٤٩٦ - شفاء العي)، ومن طريقه المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٢٥.\n(^٥) مراسيل أبي داود (٥٢٩).\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٧) مراسيل أبي داود (٥٣٠).","vol":"7","page":123},{"text":"٦٥٤٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفَّارُ، حدثنا الكُدَيمِى، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَبيلُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبي حُسَينٍ قال يَعنِى أبا عاصِمٍ: وأَفادَنيه ابنُ جُرَيجِ عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ الله -ﷺ- أن يُشارَ إلَى المَطَرِ (^١). وَقَد رُوىَ مَن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضعيفٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1426>بابُ ما جاءَ في الرَّعدِ</span>\n\n٦٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، أنَ مُجاهِدًا كان يقولُ: الرَّعدُ مَلَكٌ، والبَرقُ أجنِحَةُ المَلَكِ يَسُقنَ السَّحابَ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ما أشبَهَ ما قال مُجاهِدٌ بظاهِرِ القُرآنِ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ الصَّلتِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبي زائدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ وسأَلَه رَجُلٌ عن قَولِه: ﴿وَيُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ﴾ [الرعد: ١٣]. قال: مَلَكٌ يَزجُرُ السحابَ كما يَزجُرُ الحادِى الإبِلَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٩١: الكديمى ليس بثقة.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩١٨) عن ابن جريج مرسلًا. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٥٣١) عن عبيد الله بن أبي جعفر مرسلًا.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٣٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه صالح في مسائله (٤٥٩)، وعنه الخرائطى في المنتقى (٥٦٤) من طريق ابن أبي زائدة به.","vol":"7","page":124},{"text":"ورُوىَ فيه عن عليٍّ -﵁-:\n\n٦٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أبي محمدٍ الهاشِمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ قال: الرَّعدُ مَلَك، والبَرقُ مِخراق (^١) مِن حَديدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٥٢ - ورَواه حَسَنُ بنُ موسَى الأشيَبُ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ مَولَى الحَسَنِ بنِ على، عن أبيه، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: الرَّعدُ المَلَكُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ موسَى. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٦٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوح، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أشوَعَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ الأبيَضِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: البَرقُ مَخاريقُ المَلائكَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1427>بابُ كَثرَةِ المَطَرِ وقلَّتِهِ</span>\n\n٦٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) مِخْرَاق: والجمع مَخَارِيق، وهو ثوب يفتل يتضارب به، ثم يقال للسيوف الخفاف: مخاريق. أراد أنه آلة تزجر بها الملائكة السحاب وتسوقه. ينظر الفائق ١/ ٣٦٣، والنهاية ٢/ ٢٦.\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٥٦٣٧).\n(^٣) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٥٦٣٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١/ ٣٦٣ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١/ ٣٦٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٩٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"7","page":125},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَتِ السَّنَةُ (^١) بأَلَّا تُمطَروا، ولَكِنِ السنَةُ أن تُمطَروا وتُمطَروا ولا تُنبِتُ الأرضُ شَيئًا\" (^٢).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو على الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَكتومٍ، حدثنا أبو عَتّابٍ سَهلُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ الله قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما عامٌ بأَمطَرَ مِن عامٍ، ولا هَبت جَنوبٌ (^٤) إلَّا سالَ وادِى\" (^٥). كَذا رُوىَ مَرفوعًا بهَذا الإسنادِ، والصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٦٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الركَينِ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ: ما عامٌ بأَكثَرَ مَطَرًا مِن عامٍ، ولَكِنَ اللهَ [يُحَوِّلُه كَيفَ] (^٦) يَشاءُ.\n_________\n(^١) السَّنَةُ: القحط والجدب. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥١١) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٠٤).\n(^٤) الجنوب: الرِّيح التى تهب من الجنوب. ينظر المعجم الكبير ٤/ ٥٦٩ (ج ن ب).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٨/ ٤٦٢، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ٢٠٨ من طريق شعبة به دون الشطر الثاني منه.\n(^٦) في ص ٣: \"يجعله حيث\".","vol":"7","page":126},{"text":"٦٥٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ هو ابنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِى التَّيمِى، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما مِن عامٍ بأَقَلَّ مَطَرًا مِن عامٍ، ولَكِنَ اللهَ تَعالَى يُصَرفُه حَيثُ يَشاءُ. ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَاهُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَذَّكَّرُوا فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا﴾ (^١) [الفرقان: ٥٠].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1428>باب: أىُّ ريحٍ يَكونُ بها المَطَرُ</span>؟\n\n٦٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الروذبارِىّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِى، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"نُصِرتُ بالصبا، وأُهلِكَت عادٌ بالدبُورِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في المطر والرعد والبرق (٢٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٤٦٨، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٢٤٧) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) الصبا: هي الرِّيح الشرقية، والدبور: هي الرِّيح الغربية. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦١٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٢٠٥)، ومسلم (٩٠٠/ ١٧).","vol":"7","page":127},{"text":"٦٥٥٩ - وحَدثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِى بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزعفَرانيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضريرُ، قال: حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"نُصِرتُ بالصبا، وأُهلِكَت عاد بالدَّبُورِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِى، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَكَنٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ مَسعودٍ ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَاءً ثَجَّاجًا﴾ [النبأ: ١٤]، قال: يَبعَثُ اللهُ الرّيحَ فتَحمِلُ الماءَ مِنَ السماءِ، فتَمُر (^٣) في السحابِ حتَّى تَدُر كما تَدُرُّ اللِّقحَةُ (^٤)، ثُمَّ تَبعَثُ مِنَ السماءِ أمثالَ العَزالي فتَضْرِبُه الرّياحُ فيَنزِلُ مُتَفَرّقًا (^٥).\n\n٦٥٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٤٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٢٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٦٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٠٠/ ...).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"فيمر\".\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"الناقة\". واللقحة: الناقة المرية، وهي التى تمرى، أي: التى تحلب، وجمعها لقاح. معالم السنن ٢/ ٥٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٠٨٠) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٤٣، والخرائطي في مكارم الأخلاق (١٠٠٧) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"7","page":128},{"text":"الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَكَنٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يُرسِلُ الرّياحَ فتَحمِلُ الماءَ مِنَ السَّماءِ، فتَمُرُّ في السَّحابِ حَتَّى تَدُرَّ كما تَدُرُّ اللِّقحَةُ ثمَّ تُمطِرُ (^١).\n\n٦٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ قَتادَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما هَبت جَنوبٌ إلا أسالَت واديًا\". قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يَعنِى أنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَها تَهُبُّ نُشُرًا (^٢) بَينَ يَدَى رَحمَتِه مِنَ المَطَرِ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٦٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ يَزيدَ بنَ جُعْدُبَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ مِخراقٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن اللهَ ﷿ خَلَقَ في الجَنَّةِ ريحًا بَعدَ الريحِ بسَبعِ سِنينَ، مِن دونِها بابٌ مُغلَقٌ، وإنما تأتيكُمُ الروْحُ (^٤) مِن خَلَلِ ذَلِكَ البابِ، ولَو فُتِحَ ذَلِكَ البابُ لأذْرَتْ (^٥) ما بَينَ السماءِ والأرضِ مِن شَيءٍ، وهِىَ عِندَ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٤٨)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) في س: \"بزى\"، وفى م: \"بشرى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٤٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٥٤\n(^٤) الروح: نسيم الريح. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٥) في الأصل، م: \"لأدرت\". بالدال المهملة. ومعنى أذرت: أطارت. ينظر العين ٨/ ١٩٤، والنهاية ٢/ ١٥٩.","vol":"7","page":129},{"text":"الأزيَبُ، [وهِيَ فيكُمُ] (^١) الجَنوبُ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ العباسِ (^٣) بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ القُرَشِيُّ الهَرَويُّ في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ على شَطِّ الفُراتِ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ مَنصورُ بنُ العباسِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سلَمةَ بنَ الأكوَعِ رَفَعَه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى، أنَّه كان إذا اشتَدَّتِ الرِّيحُ يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَقَحًا لا (^٤) عَقيمًا (^٥) \".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1429>بابُ ما جاءَ في سَبِّ الدَّهرِ</span>\n\n٦٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهرَ؛ فإنَّ اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"وهو عندكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدى (١٢٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٢٩٢: إسناده صالح، ولم يخرجوا لابن مخراق شيئا.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"العاص\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٩٣٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٣، م: \"ولا\".\n(^٥) لقحًا: أى حاملًا للماء كاللقحة من الإبل. وعقيمًا: لا ماء فيها كالعقيم في الحيوان. فيض القدير ٥/ ١٢٨، والنهاية ٤/ ٢٦٢، وتاج العروس ٧/ ٩٣ (ل ق ح).\nوالحديث أخرجه الطبراني (٦٢٩٦) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به. والحاكم ٤/ ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦ من طريق المغيرة به.","vol":"7","page":130},{"text":"هو الدَّهرُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ: وإِنَّما تأويلُه واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، أنَّ العَرَبَ كان شأنُها أنْ تَذُمَّ الدَّهرَ وتَسُبَّه عِندَ المَصائبِ التى تَنزِلُ بهِم؛ مِن مَوتٍ أو هَرَمٍ أو تَلَفٍ أو غَيرِ ذَلِكَ، فيَقولونَ: إنَّما يُهلِكُنا الدَّهرُ، وهو اللَّيلُ والنَّهارُ وهُما الفَنَّتانِ (^٣) والجَديدانِ، فيَقولونَ: أصابَتهُم قَوارعُ الدَّهرِ، وأَبادَهُمُ الدَّهرُ. فيَجعَلونَ اللَّيلَ والنَّهارَ اللَّذَينِ يَفعَلانِ ذَلِكَ فيَذُمُّونَ الدَّهرَ، فإِنَّه الَّذِى يُفنينا ويَفعَلُ بنا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهرَ\". على أنَّه (^٤) ينفنيكُم والَّذِى يَفعَلُ بكُم هذه الأشياءَ؛ فإِنَّكُم إذا سَبَبتُم فاعِلَ هذه الأشياءِ فإِنَّما تَسُبّوا (^٥) اللَّهَ ﵎، فإِنَ اللَّهَ فاعِلُ هذه الأشياءِ (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: وطُرُقُ هَذا الحديثِ وما حَفِظَ بَعضُ رواتِه مِنَ الزّيادة فيه دَليلٌ على صِحَّةِ هَذا التّأويلِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٦٧) من طريق هشام به. وأحمد (٧٦٨٢)، ومسلم (٢٢٤٧/ ٦) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ٥، ٢٢٤٧/ ٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الفنيان\". وفى س: \"العيتان\".\nوالفنتان مثنى الفَنَّة: الساعة من الزمان، وأيضًا: الطرف من الدهر كالفينة. التاج ٣٥/ ٥١٩ (ف ن ن).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"الذي\".\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ. وهى لغة عند العرب معروفة وصحيحة يحذفون النون من الأفعال الخمسة مطلقًا. ينظر همع الهوامع ١/ ٢٠١، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٢/ ٣٦.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٠٥١).","vol":"7","page":131},{"text":"٦٥٦٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَوْلانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ ابنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدئنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال اللَّهُ ﷿: يَسُبُّ ابنُ آدَمَ الدَّهرَ، وأَنا الدَّهرُ؛ بيَدِى اللَّيلُ والنَّهارُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهب (^٢).\n\n٦٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال اللَّهُ ﷿: يُؤذينِى ابنُ آدَمَ، يَسُبُّ الدَّهرَ، وأَنا الدَّهرُ؛ بيَدِى الأمرُ أُقَلِّبُ اللَّيلَ والنهارَ\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٨٠) عن عبد الله بن يوسف به. وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١١٤٨٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦١٨١)، ومسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٦٩٦)، والحميدى (١٠٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٥)، وأبو داود (٥٢٧٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٦٨٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"7","page":132},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^١).\n\n٦٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَقولونَ: إنَّ الدَّهرَ هو الَّذِى يُهلِكُنا، هو الَّذِى يُميتُنا ويُحيينا. فرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيهِم قَولَهُم. قال الزُّهرِىُّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يقولُ اللَّهُ ﵎: يؤذينِى ابنُ آدَمَ، يَسُبُّ الدّهرَ، وأَنا الدَّهرُ؛ أُقَلِّبُ لَيلَه ونَهارَه، فإِذا شِئتُ قَبَضتُهُما\". وتَلا سفيانُ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَقَالُوا مَا هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا الدُّنْيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحْيَا وَمَا يُهْلِكُنَا إِلَّا الدَّهْرُ﴾ (^٢) [الجاثية: ٢٤]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ دونَ قَولِ سُفيانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٨٢٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٧١٥) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ٢).","vol":"7","page":133},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1430>جِماعُ أبوابِ تارِكِ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1431>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَكفيِر مَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ عَمدًا مِن غَيِر عُذرٍ</span>\n\n٦٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وإِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن جَريرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ بَينَ الرَّجُلِ وبَينَ الشِّركِ والكُفرِ تَركَ الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا المُجَوِّزُ وهو الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، في جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ بَينَ العَبدِ والكُفرِ إلَّا تَركُ الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٦١٨) عن قتيبة به. ومسلم (٨٢/ ١٣٤) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٤٩٧٩)، والترمذى (٢٦١٩) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٢/ ١٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٤٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وأحمد (١٥١٨٣)، وأبو داود (٤٦٧٨)، والترمذى (٢٦٢٠)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧٨) من طرق عن أبى الزبير به.","vol":"7","page":134},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"بَينَ الرَّجلِ وبَينَ الشِّركِ والكفرِ تَرك الصَّلاةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى غسّانَ عن أبى عاصِمٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَينَ العَبدِ وبَينَ الكفرِتَرك الصلاةَ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ.\n\n٦٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ الحُصيبِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"العَهدُ الَّذِى بَينَنا وبَينَهُم الصَّلاة؛ فمَن تَرَكَها فقَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٢/ ...).\n(^٣) أخرجه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٨٩٢)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٨٣)، والآجرى في الشريعة (٢٦٥)، والطبرانى في الصغير ١/ ١٣٤ من طريق أبى الربيع الزهرانى به.","vol":"7","page":135},{"text":"كَفَرَ\". وفِى حَديثِ على: قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١). ورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لا حَظَّ في الاسلامِ لمن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ (^٢). وعن علىٍّ -﵁-: مَن لَم يُصَلِّ فهو كافِرٌ (^٣). وعن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ: مَن لَم يُصَلِّ فلا دينَ لَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1432>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ المُرادَ بهَذا الكُفرِ كُفرّ يُباحُ به دَمُه، لا كُفر يَخرُجُ به عن الإيمانِ باللَّهِ ورسولِه، إذا لَم يَجحَدْ وُجوبَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٦٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنابِحِىِّ قال: زَعَمَ أبو محمدٍ أنَ الوترَ واجِبٌ، فقالَ. عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ -﵁-: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ، أشهَدُ أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَوات افتَرَضَهُنَّ اللَّهُ، مَن أحسَنَ وُضوءَهُنَّ، وصَلَّاهُنَّ لِوَقتهِنَّ، وأتَمَّ رُكوعَهنَّ (^٥) وخُشوعَهُنَّ، كان له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٣٧)، والترمذى (٢٦٢١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧٩) من طريق على بن الحسن بن شقيق به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب. وأحمد (٢٣٠٠٧) عن زيد بن الحباب به. والنسائى (٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (١٤٥٤) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٥٠١٠)، والمروزي في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٩٢٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٧١٤)، والمروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٩٣٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٠٩١٤)، والمروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٩٣٦، ٩٣٧).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"وسجودهن\".","vol":"7","page":136},{"text":"على اللَّهِ عَهدٌ أن يَغفِرَ له، ومَن لَم يَفعَلْ فلَيسَ له على اللَّهِ عَهدٌ، إن شاءَ غَفَرَ له وإن شاءَ عَذَّبَه\" (^١).\n\n٦٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ المُسنَدِىُّ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن واقِدِ بنِ محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ ويُؤتوا الزكاةَ، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ عَصَموا مِنِّى دِماءَهُم وأَموالَهم إلَّا بحَقِّ الإسلامِ وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ المُسنَدِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٢٥). وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٢٠٩). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٤١٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٠٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٧٥) من طريق حرمى بن عمارة به، وتقدم في (٥٢٠٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٢/ ٣٦).","vol":"7","page":137},{"text":"الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ الخِيَارِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عَدِىٍّ الأنصارِىَّ حَدَّثَه أنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينا هو جالِسٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَىِ النّاسِ جاءَ رَجُلٌ يَستأذِنُه أن يُسارَّه فأَذِنَ له، فسارَّه في قَتلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ يَستأذِنُه فيه، فجَهَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بكَلامِه فقالَ: \"ألَيسَ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولا شَهادَةَ لَه. قال: \"ألَيسَ يَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ \". قال: بلى، ولا شهادَةَ لَه. قال: \"ألَيسَ يُصَلِّى؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولا صَلاةَ له. قال: \"أولَئكَ الَّذينَ نُهيتُ عن قَتلِهِم\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ.\n\n٦٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وسُلَيمان بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن المُعَلَّى بنِ زيادٍ وهِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن ضبَّةَ بنِ مِحصَنٍ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَيَكونُ عَلَيكُم أئمَّةٌ تَعرِفونَ مِنهُم وتُنكِرونَ، فمَن أنكَرَ -قال سُلَيمانُ: قال هِشامٌ: بقَلبِه- فقَد بَرِئَ، ومَن كَرِهَ فقَد سَلِمَ، لَكِن مَن رَضىَ وتابَعَ\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أوَلا نُقاتِلُهُم؟ قال: \"لا ما صَلَّوا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٢، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٧١)، وابن حبان (٥٩٧١). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٩٥، ١٢٩٦: هذا حديث جيد الإسناد من أمالى عبد الرزاق، ولم يخرجوه في الستة. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١/ ٢٤: رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح. وسيأتى في (١٦٩٠٨) سندا ومتنا.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٠٨)، وأبو داود (٤٧٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٢٨)، والترمذى (٢٢٦٥) من طريق هشام بن حسان به. وسيأتى في (١٦٦٩٨).","vol":"7","page":138},{"text":"في \"الصحيح \" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٥٤/ ٦٤).","vol":"7","page":139},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1433>كتابُ الجنائزِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1434>بابُ ما يَنبَغِى لكُلِّ مُسلِمٍ أن يَستَعمِلَه مِن قِصَرِ الأمَلِ والاستِعدادِ لِلمَوتِ، فإنَّ الأمر قريب</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى﴾ [النساء: ٧٧]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٥]. وقالَ فيمَن لَم تُحمَدْ فِعالُهُم: ﴿ذَرْهُمْ يَأْكُلُوا وَيَتَمَتَّعُوا وَيُلْهِهِمُ الْأَمَلُ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الحجر: ٣]. وقالَ: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (٢٨١)﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨١]. وقالَ: ﴿يَوْمَ تَجِدُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا عَمِلَتْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مُحْضَرًا﴾ الآية [آل عمران: ٣٠].\n\n٦٥٧٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ أملاه عَلَينا مِن حفظِه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، [عن الأعمَشِ] (^١)، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الجَنَّةُ أقرَبُ إلَى أحَدِكُم مِن شراكِ نَعلِه (^٢)، والنّارُ مِثلُ ذلِكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. خطأ، والصواب: \"والأعمش\" كما في مصادر التخريج، وكما في المهذب ٣/ ١٢٩٧. وينظر تخريج الحديث.\n(^٢) شراك النعل: هو أحد سيور النعل، وهو الذى يكون على ظهر القدم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ٨٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢٤٣)، وفي الأربعين الصغرى (٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٢١٦) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وفى (٣٩٢٣) من طريق سفيان عن الأعمش وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"7","page":141},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ (^١) في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ مَسعودٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذبارِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَطَّ خُطوطًا وخَطَّ خَطًّا ناحيَةً، ثُمَّ قال: \"هَل تَدرونَ [ما ذا؟ هَذا] (^٣) مَثَلُ ابنِ آدَمَ ومَثَلُ المُتَمَنَّى، وذَلِكَ الخَطُّ الأمَلُ، بَينَما يأمُلُ إذ جاءَه المَوتُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n٦٥٨٠ - وحَدَّثَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ الحَسَنِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَهرَمُ ابنُ آدَمَ وتَبقَى [مِنه اثنَتانِ] (^٦)؛ الحِرصُ والأمَلُ\" (^٧). قال البخارىُّ: ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n= (٣٦٦٧، ٤٢١٦)، وابن حبان (٦٦١) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"مسلم\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٤٨٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"ماذا هذا هذا\"، وفى س: \"هذا هذا\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الزهد الكبير (٤٥٣). وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى، كما في تحفة الأشراف ١/ ٩١ (٢١٤) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٤١٨).\n(^٦) في س: \"معه خصتان\".\n(^٧) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢٦٠)، وفى الزهد الكير (٤٥٤)، وفى الأربعين الصغرى (٣٣)، ووكيع في الزهد (١٨٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٢٠٢).","vol":"7","page":142},{"text":"حَديثِ شعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٦٥٨١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَلبُ الشيخِ شابٌّ على حُبِّ اثنَينِ؛ على جَمعِ المالِ وطولِ الحَياةِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِىُّ الفَقيهُ، وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباس، عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو أنَّ لابنِ آدَمَ وادِيَينِ مِن مالي (^٤) لابتَغَى إلَيهِما مِثلَه، ولا يَملأُ جَوفَ ابنِ آدَمَ إلَّا التُّرابُ، ويَتوبُ اللَّهُ على مَن تابَ\". قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فلا أدرِى مِنَ القُرآنِ هِىَ أم لا (^٥)؟ رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٤٢١)، ومسلم (١٠٤٧/ ...).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢٦٢)، ووكيع في الزهد (١٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٧٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٦٩٩، ٩١٢٣)، ومسلم (١٠٤٦/ ١١٣) من طرق عن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٤٢٠)، ومسلم (١٠٤٦/ ١١٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"ذهب\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٠١)، والبخارى (٦٤٣٧)، وابن حبان (٣٢٣١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٦٤٣٦)، ومسلم (١٠٤٩/ ١١٨).","vol":"7","page":143},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ -﵁- أنَّهُم كانوا يَرَوْنهُ مِنَ القُرآنِ حَتَّى نَزَلَت: ﴿أَلْهَاكُمُ التَّكَاثُرُ (١) حَتَّى زُرْتُمُ الْمَقَابِرَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِها (^١).\n\n٦٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّكُم مالُ وارِثِه أحَبُّ إلَيه مِن مالِه؟ \". قالو ا: ما مِنّا أحَدٌ إلَّا مالُه أحَبُّ إلَيه مِن مالِ وارِثِهِ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اعلَموا أنْ لَيسَ مِنكُم أحَدٌ إلَّا ومالُ وارِثِه أحَبُّ إلَيه مِن مالِه، مالُكَ ما قَدَّمتَ، ومالُ وارِثِكَ ما أخَّرتَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يقولُ العَبدُ: مالِى مالِى. إنَّما له مِن مالِه ثَلاثٌ؛ ما أكَلَ فأَفنَى، أو لَبِسَ فأَبلَى، أو أعطَى فأَمضَى، وما سِوَى ذَلِكَ فهو ذاهِبٌ وتارِكُه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٤٤٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢٦)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٥٣)، والنسائي (٣٦١٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٤٤٢). وأصل الحديث عند مسلم (٢٦٠٨). وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٧/ ١٦.","vol":"7","page":144},{"text":"لِلنّاسِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الدُّنيا حُلوَةٌ خَضِرَةٌ، وإنَّ اللَّهَ مُستَخلِفُكُم فيها فناظِرٌ كَيفَ تَعمَلونَ، فاتَّقوا الدُّنيا وفتنَةَ النِّساءِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى مَسلَمَةَ عن أبى نَضرَةَ (^٤).\n\n٦٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطُّفاوىُّ أبو المُنذِرِ وكانَ ثِقَةً، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، حَدَّثَنِى مُجاهِدٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمَنكِبِى فقالَ: \"كُنْ في الدُّنيا كأنَّكَ غَريبٌ أو عابِرُ سَبيلٍ\". قال: وقالَ لِىَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: إذا أصبَحتَ فلا تَنتَظِرِ المَساءَ، وإِذا أمسَيتَ فلا تَنتَظِرِ الصَّباحَ، وخُذْ مِن حَسَناتِكَ لِمَساويكَ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٢٤٤، ٣٣٢٨) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٥٩/ ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٣٠١)، ومشيخة ابن طهمان (٦٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٤٢/ ٩٩).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢٤٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٨) من طريق الطفاوى به. وأحمد (٤٧٦٤)، والترمذي (٢٣٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٤١١٤) من طريق مجاهد به.","vol":"7","page":145},{"text":"علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ (^١).\n\n٦٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذَئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كانَت عِندَه مَظلِمَةٌ لأخيه مِن عِرضِه أو مالِه فليُؤَدِّها (^٢) إلَيه قَبلَ أن يأتى يَومُ القيامَةِ، لا يُقبَلُ فيه دينارٌ ولا دِرهَمٌ، إن كان له عَمَلٌ صالِحٌ أُخِذَ مِنه وأُعطِىَ صاحِبَه، وإن لَم يَكُنْ له عَمَلٌ صالِحٌ أُخِذَ مِن سَيِّئاتِ صاحِبِه فحُمِلَت عَلَيه\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فليتَحَلَّلْه مِنه اليَومَ قَبلَ ألَّا يَكونَ دينارٌ ولا دِرهَمٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٦٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حِمْيَرٍ، حَدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"دون قوله: خذ من حسناتك لمساويك\".\nوالحديث عند البخارى (٦٤١٦) دون هذه الزيادة.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فليردها، ح، ر\".\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٤٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦١٥)، وابن حبان (٧٣٦١) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وسيأتى في (١١٥٥٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٤٩).","vol":"7","page":146},{"text":"المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبد انُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ الغَسّانِىُّ، عن ضَمرَةَ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"الكَيِّسُ مَن دانَ نَفسَه وعَمِلَ لِما بَعدَ المَوتِ، والعاجِزُ مَن أتبَعَ نَفسَه هَواهما وتَمَنَّى على اللَّهِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ حِميَرٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ: قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٦٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نوحٍ مِن أولادِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزة، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في جِنازَةٍ، فلَمّا انتَهَينا إلَى القَبرِ جَثا (^٢) على القَبرِ، فاستَدَرتُ فاستَقبَلتُه، فبَكَى حَتَّى بَلَّ الثَّرَى، ثُمَّ قال: \"إخوانِى، لِمِثلِ هَذا اليَومِ فأَعِدُّوا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٥٤٦) بالإسناد الثانى، والحاكم ١/ ٥٧ وصححه، وقال الذهبى: لا واللَّه، أبو بكر واه. والطيالسى (١٢١٨)، وابن المبارك في الزهد (١٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٢٣)، والترمذى (٢٤٥٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به، وقال الترمذى: حسن. والترمذى (٢٤٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"فحثا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٥٤٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٣٣٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٩٥) عن إسحاق بن منصور به. وأحمد (١٨٦٠١)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٢٨ من طريق عبد الله بن واقد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٢٩٩: سنده لين.","vol":"7","page":147},{"text":"٦٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ السَّقّا، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ السِّجْزِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ الدَّراوَردِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، عن المُطلِبِ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أحَبَّ دُنياه أضَرَّ بآخِرَتِه، ومَن أحَبَّ آخِرَتَه أضَرَّ بدُنياه، فآثِروا ما يَبقَى على ما يَفنَى\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1435>بابُ مَن بَلَغَ سِتّينَ سنةً فقَد أعذَرَ اللَّهُ إلَيه في العُمُرِ</span>\nلِقَولِه ﷿: ﴿أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ﴾ [فاطر: ٣٧].\n\n٦٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن مَعنِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"قَد أعذَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ إلى عبدٍ أخَّرَ أجَلَه حَتَّى بَلَغَ سَبعينَ أو سِتينَ سنةً\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ مُطَهَّرٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ علىٍّ، وقالَ: \"سِتّينَ سنةً\". وقالَ: تابَعَه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الشجرى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣١٩، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٧٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٩٨)، من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وأحمد (١٩٦٩٧)، وعبد بن حميد (٥٦٦) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٠: إسناده صالح إن كان المطلب بن حنطب لقى أبا مرسى.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحربى في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٦٧ عن محمد بن أبى بكر به.","vol":"7","page":148},{"text":"أبو حازِمٍ وابنُ عَجلانَ عن المَقبُرِىِّ (^١).\n\n٦٥٩٢ - أخبَزَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ (^٢) بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ البَجَلِىُّ المُقرِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن عَمَّرَه اللَّهُ سِتّينَ سنةً فقَد أعذَرَ إليه في العُمُرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٥٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّة، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أتَت عَلَيه سِتّونَ سنةً فقَد أعذَرَ اللَّهُ إليه في العُمُرِ\" (^٤).\n\n٦٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٤١٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحسن\". وتقدم في (٥٨٧٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (١١١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى، كما في تحفة الأشراف ٩/ ٤٧٢، وابن حبان (٢٩٧٩) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٤) الفاكهى في فوائده (٧)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٢٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٦٢) عن أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به.","vol":"7","page":149},{"text":"﴿أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ﴾. قال: سِتّينَ سنةً (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ.\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ الفَضلِ المَدَنِىُّ -وَلَيسَ بالقَوىِّ (^٢) - كما:\n\n٦٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن ابنِ أبى حُسَينٍ المَكِّىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان يَومُ القيامَةِ قيلَ: أينَ أبناءُ السِّتّينَ؟ \". وهو العُمُرُ الَّذِى قال اللَّهُ: ﴿أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ﴾. قال ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يَعنِى به الشَّيبَ (^٣).\n\n٦٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ السّامِرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ محمدٍ المُحارِبِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعمارُ أُمَّتِى ما بَينَ السِّتّينَ إلَى السَّعينَ، وأَقَلُّهُم مَن يَجوزُ ذَلِكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٢٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، والثورى في تفسيره ص ٢٤٧، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ١٣٨، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٩/ ٣٨٤.\n(^٢) هو إبراهيم بن الفضل المخزومى أبو إسحاق المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٢٢، والمجروحين ١/ ١٠٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٦٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤١: متروك.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٥٥٧، ٥٥٨. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٠: إبراهيم واه.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٢٧ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٥٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٣٦)، وابن حبان =","vol":"7","page":150},{"text":"٦٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نِعمَتانِ مَغبونٌ فيهِما كَثيرٌ مِنَ النّاس؛ الصِّحَّةُ والفَراغُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىٍّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٥٩٨ - [قال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: وفيما قَرأتُ في مَنامِى على شَيخِنا أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ ﵀ فقُلتُ له: أخبَرَكُم بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ. ورأَيتُه بخَطِّه في اليَقَظَةِ: أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ. هَذا الحديثَ بهَذا الإسنادِ والمَتنِ] (^٣) (^٤).\n_________\n= (٢٩٨٠) من طريق الحسن بن عرفة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب من حديث محمد بن عمرو عن أبى سلمة عن أبى هريرة عن النبى -ﷺ- لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤٥٤٣، ١٠٢٤٩)، وابن المبارك في الزهد (١)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (٢٣٠٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى، كما في تحفة الأشراف ٤/ ٤٦٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٠)، والترمذى (٢٣٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٤١٧٠) من طريق عبد الله بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٤١٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣، وعلم عليه في: الأصل \"لا ... إلى\" وكتب في حاشيتها: \"المعلم عليه \"لا\" \"إلى\" ثابت في أصل الشيخ المصنف\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٠٦ وصححه.","vol":"7","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1436>بابُ طوبَى لمن طالَ عُمُرُه وحَسُنَ عَمَلُه</span>\n\n٦٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن يونُسَ وحُمَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ ويونُسَ وثابِتٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ النّاسِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"مَن طالَ عُمُرُه وحَسُنَ عَمَلُه\". قيلَ: فأَىُّ النّاسِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"مَن طالَ عُمُرُه وساءَ عَمَلُه\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ الكِندِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُسرٍ (^٢) قال: جاءَ أعرابيّانِ إلى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسأَلانِه فقالَ أحَدُهُما: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ النّاسِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"مَن طالَ عُمُرُه وحَسُنَ عَمَلُه\". وقالَ الآخَرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ شَرائعَ الاسلامِ قَد كَثُرَت علىَّ، فأَخبِرنِى بأَمرٍ أتَشَبَّثُ به. قال: \"لا يَزالُ لِسانُكَ رَطْبًا بذِكرِ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٩. وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٥٤٤٩) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢٠٤٤٤) من طريق يونس وحميد به. وفى (٢٠٤٨١) من طريق يونس وحده به. وفى (٢٠٥٠١) من طريق يونس وثابت به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ١٠/ ٢٠٣: إسناده جيد.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٣، م: \"بشر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٥١٥)، والآداب (١١٨٢)، والأربعين الصغرى (٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"7","page":152},{"text":"٦٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ قال: قال زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ: قال محمدُ (^١) بنُ المُنكَدِرِة سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا أُنَبِّئُّكم بخِيارِكُم مِن شِرارِكُم؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. قال: \"خيارُكُم أطوَلُكُم أعمارًا وأَحسَنُكُم عَمَلًا\" (^٢).\n\n٦٦٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ وأبو زَكَريا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بخِيارِكُم؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أطوَلُكُم أعمارًا وأَحسَنُكُم أعمالًا\" (^٣).\n\n٦٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا\n_________\n= (١٧٦٩٨)، والترمذى (٢٣٢٩) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به بنحوه، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"بن محمد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠٣.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٣٩، وصححه. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٨٤) من طريق محمد بن المنكدر به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠١: سنده جيد.\n(^٣) المصنف في الزهد الكبير (٦٢٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٤٢٥)، وابن حبان (٤٨٤) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وأحمد (٧٢١٢)، وابن حبان (٢٩٨١) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠١: إسناده حسن.","vol":"7","page":153},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ، عمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُبَيِّعَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ يقولُ: آخَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ رَجُلَينِ، فقُتِلَ أحَدُهُما وبَقِىَ الآخَرُ، ثُمَّ ماتَ فصَلَّوا عَلَيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما قُلتُم؟ \". قالواة دَعَونا اللَّهَ ﷿ أن يَغفِرَ له ويَرحَمَه ويُلحِقَه بصاحِبِه. فقالَ رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"فأَينَ صَلاُته بَعدَ صَلاِته، وأَينَ عَمَلُه بَعدَ عَمَلِه؟ -قال: وأَظُنُّه قال: وأَينَ صَومُه بَعدَ صَومِه؟ - والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَلَّذِى بَينَهُما أبَعدُ ما بَينَ السَّماء والأرضِ\". قال عمرُو بنُ مَيمونٍ: فأَعجَبَنِى هَذا الحَديثُ؛ لأنَّه أُسنِدَ لِى (^١).\n\n٦٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ لِثَلاثٍ بَقِينَ أو نَحوه مِن شَعبانَ سنةَ خَمسٍ وسِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ لَهيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وحَيوَةَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أُسامَةَ بنِ الهادِ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىَّ حَدَّثَه عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ التَّيمِىِّ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ مِن بَليٍّ (^٢) قَدِما على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فكانَ إسلامُهُما مَعًا، وكانَ أحَدُهُما أشَدَّ اجتِهادًا مِنَ الآخَرِ، فغَزا المُجتَهِدُ مِنهُما فاستُشهِدَ، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ الآخَرُ بَعدَه سنةً\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٢٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٧٤)، وأبو داود (٢٥٢٤)، والنسائى (١٩٨٤) من طرق عن شعبة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٠٢).\n(^٢) بَلِىّ: قبيلة عظيمة من قضاعة، من القحطانية، تنتسب إلى بلى بن عمرو بن الحافى بن قضاعة. تقع مساكنها بين المدينة ووادى القرى. ينظر معجم قبائل العرب ١/ ١٠٤، والتاج ٣٧/ ٢٠٦ (ب ل ى).","vol":"7","page":154},{"text":"ثُمَّ توُفِّى. قال طَلحَةُ: بَينا أنا عِندَ بابِ الجَنَّةِ -يَعنى (^١) في النَّومِ- إذا أنا بهِما، فخَرَجَ خارجٌ مِنَ الجَنَّةِ فأَذِنَ لِلَّذِى ماتَ الآخِرَ مِنهُما، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأَذِنَ لِلَّذِى استُشهِدَ، ثُمَّ رَجَع إلَىَّ فقالَ: ارجِعْ، فإنَّه لَم يأنِ لَكَ. فأَصبَحَ طَلحَةُ فحَدَّثَ النّاسَ فعَجِبوا، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مِن أىِّ ذَلِكَ تَعجَبونَ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَذا الذِى كان أشَدَّ الرَّجُلَينِ اجتِهادًا فاستُشهِدَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، فدَخَلَ الآخَرُ الجَنَّةَ قَبلَه. قال: \"ألَيسَ قَد مَكَثَ هَذا بَعدَه سنةً وأَدرَكَ رَمَضانَ فصامَه؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. قال: \"وصَلَّى كَذا وكَذا مِن سَجدَة في السَّنَةِ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَما بَينَهُما أبَعدُ مِمّا بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرض\" (^٢). تابَعَه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبى سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1437>بابُ ما يَنبَغِى لِكُلِّ مُسلِمٍ أن يسِتَشعِرَه مِنَ الصَّبِر على جَميعِ ما يُصيبُه مِنَ الأمراضِ والأوجاعِ والأحزانِ؛ لِما فيها مِنَ الكَفاراتِ والدَّرَجاتِ</span>\n\n٦٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٥، ١٦. وأخرجه الطحاوى في المشكل (٢٣٠٩) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأحمد (١٤٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٢٥)، وابن حبان (٢٩٨٢) من طريق يزيد بن عبد الله بن الهاد به. قال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (١٣٧٢): هذا إسناد رجاله ثقات وهو منقطع.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٣٠٧، ٢٣٠٨) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"7","page":155},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- فإذا هو يوعَكُ، فمَسِستُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّكَ لَتُوعَكُ وعْكًا شَديدًا! قال: \"أجَل، إنِّى أوعَكُ كما يوعَكُ رَجُلانِ مِنكُم\". قال: قُلتُ: لأنَّ لَكَ أجرَينِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه ما على الأرضِ مسلمٌ يُصيبُه أذًى مِن مَرَضٍ فما سِواه إلَّا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عنه خَطاياه كما تَحُطُّ الشَّجَرَةُ ورَقَها\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، وقالَ: فوَضَعتُ يَدِى عَلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ وبَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، قال الرَّبيعُ: حدثنا. وقالَ بَحرٌ: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ دَخَلَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو مَوعوكٌ عَلَيه قَطيفَةٌ، فوَضَعَ يَدَه عَلَيه فوَجَدَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦١٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٠٣)، وابن حبان (٢٩٣٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦١٩) عن يعلى بن عبيد به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٤٨٣) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٧١/ ٤٥)، والبخارى (٥٦٤٧، ٥٦٤٨، ٥٦٦٠، ٥٦٦١، ٥٦٦٧).","vol":"7","page":156},{"text":"حَرارَتَها فوقَ القَطيفَةِ، فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: ما أشَدَّ حَرَّ حُمّاكَ يا رسولَ اللِهِ! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا كَذَلِكَ يُشَدَّدُ عَلَينا البَلاءُ، ويُضاعَفُ لَنا الأجرُ\". ثُمَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مَن أشَدُّ النّاسِ بَلاءً؟ قال: \"الأنبياءُ\". قالَ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ العُلَماءُ\". قال: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ الصّالِحونَ؛ كان أحَدُهُم يُبتَلَى بالفَقرِ حَتَّى ما يَجِدُ إلَّا العَباءَةَ يَلبَسُها، ويُبَتَلَى بالقَملِ حَتَّى يَقتُلَه، ولَأحَدُهُم أشَدُّ فرَحًا بالبَلاءِ مِن أحَدِكُم بالعَطاءِ\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٠٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وهِشامٌ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ كُلُّهم عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى الأشيَبُ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه قال: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: مَن أشَدُّ النّاسِ بَلاءً؟ قال: \"النَّبيّونَ ثُمَّ الأمثَلُ فالأمثَلُ، يُبتَلَى الرَّجُلُ على حَسَبِ دينِه، فإِن كان صُلبَ الدِّينِ اشتَدَّ بَلاؤُه، وإن كان في ديِنه رِقَّةٌ ابتُلِىَ على حَسَبِ دينِه، فما تَبرَحُ البَلايا على العَبدِ حَتَّى تَدَعَه يَمشِى/ على الأرضِ لَيسَ عَلَيه خَطيئَةٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٧٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠. وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥١٠)، وأبو يعلى (١٠٤٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٢١٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن ماجه (٤٠٢٤) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. قال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (١٤١٧): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله ثقات وله شاهد من حديث مصعب بن سعد عن أبيه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٧٥)، والطيالسى (٢١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٤١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٤) من =","vol":"7","page":157},{"text":"٦٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُحَيصنٍ السَّهمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ قال: لما نَزَلَت: ﴿مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٣]. شَقَّ ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ، فذَكَروه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قارِبوا وسَدِّدوا وأَبشِروا؛ فإن كُلَّ ما أصابَ المُسلِمَ كَفّارَةٌ له حَتَّى الشَّوكَةَ يُشاكُها أو النَّكبَةَ (^١) يُنكَبُها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٦٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى زُهَيرٍ، عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ الصَّلاحُ بَعدَ هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ﴾، أكُل سَوءٍ عَمِلنا به جُزينا؟ فقالَ: \"غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ يا أبا بكر - ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ- ألَستَ تَمرَضُ؟ ألَستَ تَحزَنُ؟ ألَستَ تَنصَبُ؟ ألَستَ تُصيبُكَ\n_________\n= طريق شعبة وحده به. وابن حبان (٢٩٢١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. والترمذى (٢٣٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٢٣)، وابن حبان (٢٩٠١) من طريق عاصم به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^١) النكبة: مثل العثرة يعثرها برجله، وربما جرحت إصبعه، وأصل النكب الكب والقلب. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٦/ ١٣٠، ١٣١.\n(^٢) الحميدى (١١٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٨٦)، والترمذى (٣٠٣٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١١٢٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٧٤).","vol":"7","page":158},{"text":"اللَّأواءُ (^١)؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فهو ما تُجزَونَ به في الدُّنيا\" (^٢).\n\n٦٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أبى علىِّ ابنُ (^٣) السَّقّا الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وأَبِى هريرةَ -﵄-، أنَّهما سَمِعا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما يُصيبُ المُؤمِنَ مِن نَصَب ولا وصَبٍ ولا سَقَمٍ ولا حَزَنٍ حَتَّى الهَمِّ يُهَمُّه، إلَّا كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ به مِن سَيِّئاتِه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥).\n\n٦٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن مُصيبَةٍ تُصيبُ المُسلِمَ إلَّا كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بها عنه، حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"البلاء\". واللأواء: الجوع وشدة الكسب. إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٠٥)، وعنده: أحمد بن يسار. بدلًا من: إبراهيم بن مرزوق، وهو كذلك عند الحاكم ٣/ ٧٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨ - ٧١)، وابن حبان (٢٩١٠، ٢٩٢٦) من طرق عن إسماعيل ابن أبى خالد به.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٣٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٩٠٢) عن أبى أسامة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٥٧٣/ ٥٢)، والبخارى (٥٦٤١، ٥٦٤٢).","vol":"7","page":159},{"text":"الشَّوكَةِ يُشاكُها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٦٦١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن مُصيبَة يُصابُ بها المُؤمِنُ إلَّا كُفِّرَ بها عنه، حَتَّى الشَّوكَة يُشاكُها\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ مَعمَرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن مَرَضٍ أو وجَعٍ يُصيبُ المُؤمِنَ إلَّا كان كَفّارَةً لِذُنويه، حَتَّى الشَّوكَةِ يُشاكُها أو النَّكبَةِ يُنكَبُها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخَرجَه البخارىُّ (^٤) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n\n٦٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الزُّهرِىُّ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٣) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٦٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٢٤) بالإسناد الثانى. وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٣١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٣٣٨)، وابن حبان (٢٩٢٥). وأخرجه النسائى نى الكبرى (٧٤٨٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\nوأحمد (٢٤٨٨٤)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٤٩٨) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الحاكم\".\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٥٧٢/ ٤٩)، والبخارى (٥٦٤٠).","vol":"7","page":160},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن مُؤمِنٍ تَشوكُه شَوكَةٌ فما فوقَها إلَّا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عنه بها خَطيئَةً ورَفَعَ له بها دَرَجَةً\" (^١).\n\n٦٦١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما يُصيبُ المُؤمِنَ مِن شَوكَةٍ فما فوقَها إلَّا رَفَعَه اللَّهُ بها دَرَجَةً أو (^٢) حَطَّ عنه بها خَطيئَةً\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرٍ وإسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n٦٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الواسِطىُّ، أخبرَنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ، عن بَشّارِ بنِ أبى سَيفٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ قال: أتَينا أبا عُبَيدَةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٧٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٨٩٧)، وإسحاق بن راهويه (١٥٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥٦)، والترمذى (٩٦٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٧٢/ ٤٧).","vol":"7","page":161},{"text":"نَعودُه وعِندَه امرأَتُة (^١) تُحَيفَةُ (^٢) قال: فقُلنا: كَيفَ باتَ؟ قالَت: باتَ بأَجرٍ. قال أبو عُبَيد. ما بتُّ بأَجرٍ. قال: فسَكَتَ القَومُ، فقالَ: ألا تَسأَلونِى عن الكَلِمَةِ؟ قالوا: ما أعجَبَنا ما قُلتَ فنَسأَلَكَ؟ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً فاضِلَةً في سَبيلِ اللَّه فبِسَبعِمِائَة، ومَن أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً على أهلِه أو أمازَ (^٣) أذًى عن طَريقٍ فالحَسَنَةُ عَشرُ أمثالِها، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ ما لَم يَخرِقْها (^٤)، ومَنِ ابتَلاه اللَّهُ ببَلاءٍ في جَسَدِه فلَه به حِطَّةُ خَطيئَةٍ\" (^٥). قال خالِدٌ: يَعنِى تُحَطُّ (^٦) ذُنوبُه.\n\n٦٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَزالُ البَلاءُ بالمُؤمِنِ والمُؤمِنَةِ في نَفسِه ومالِه وفِى ولَدِه حَتَّى يَلقَى اللَّهَ ﵎ وما عَلَيه مِن خَطيئَةٍ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"امرأة\". والمثبت مما سيأتى في (١٨٦٠٧)، ومن المهذب ٣/ ١٣٠٤، وهو الموافق للمصادر التى ذكرت اسمها.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"تجيفة\"، وترجم لها ابن عساكر وسماها: \"نجيفة\".\n(^٣) في س: \"أماط\"، وفى ص ٣، م: \"ماز\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"يحرقها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٠)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢١، والنسائى (٢٢٣٢)، وأبو يعلى (٨٧٨) من طرق عن واصل به. وسيأتى في (١٨٦٠٧). قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٣٠٠: فيه بشار ابن أبى سيف ولم أر من وثقه ولا جرحه وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٦) بعده في س، ص ٣، م: \"عنه\".\n(^٧) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٩٨٣٧)، وفى الآداب (١٠٤٩) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. وأحمد (٧٨٥٩)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٤٩٤)، والترمذي (٢٣٩٩)، وابن حبان (٢٩١٣) من طرق عن محمد بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"7","page":162},{"text":"٦٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ السّائبِ، أنَّ عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أزهَرَ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أزهَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّما مَثَلُ المُؤمنِ حينَ يُصيبُه الوَعْكُ أو الحُمَّى كَمَثَلِ حَديدَةٍ تُدخَلُ النّارَ فيَذهَبُ خَبَثُها ويَبقَى طَيِّبُها\" (^١).\n\n٦٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ وإبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ المِصِّيصِىُّ المَعنَى قالا: حدثنا أبو المَليحِ، عن محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ -حدثنا إبراهيمُ: السُّلَمِىُّ (^٢) - عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ العَبدَ إذا سَبَقَت له مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ مَنزِلَةٌ لَم يَنَلْها بعَمَلِه ابتَلاه اللَّهُ في جَسَدِه أو في مالِه أو في ولَدِه\". زاد ابنُ نُفَيلٍ: \"ثُمَّ صَبَرَ على ذَلِكَ\". ثُمَّ اتَّفَقا: \"حَتَّى يُبلِغَه المَنزِلَةَ التى سَبقَت له مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٣).\n\n٦٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ،\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٨٤. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٥: مرسل جيد.\n(^٢) كذا أورد البيهقى الإسناد بما يوهم أن السلمى نسبة إبراهيم، وإنما هى نسبة محمد بن خالد السلمى. وينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ١٥٠.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٣٨) من طريق أبى المليح به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٤٩).","vol":"7","page":163},{"text":"عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجُودِ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إن العَبدَ إذا كان على طَريقَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ مِنَ العِبادَةِ ثُمَّ مَرِضَ، قيلَ لِلمَلَكِ الموَكَّلِ: \"اكتُبْ له مِثلَ عَمَلِه إذا كان طَلْقًا حَتَّى أُطلِقَه أو أَكفِتَه (^١) إلَىَّ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٦٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا العَوّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو إسماعيلَ إبراهيمُ السَّكْسَكِىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا بُردَةَ ابنَ أبى موسَى واصطَحَبَ هو ويَزيدُ بنُ أبى كَبْشَةَ في سَفَرٍ، فكانَ يَزيدُ يَصومُ، فقالَ له أبو بُردَةَ: سَمِعتُ أبا موسَى مِرارًا يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا مَرِضَ العَبدُ أو سافَرَ كُتِبَ له مِنَ الأجرِ مِثلُ ما كان يَعمَلُ مُقيمًا صَحيحًا\" (^٣) رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَطَرِ بنِ الفَضلِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٤).\n\n٦٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ (^٥) بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال اللَّهُ ﵎: إذا ابتَلَيتُ عبدِى المُؤمِنَ فلَم يَشكُنِى إلى عُوّادِه أطلَقتُه مِن\n_________\n(^١) أكفته: أى: أضمه إلى القبر. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٠٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٨٩٥). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٥: سنده قوى.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٩٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٧٩) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٣٠٩١) من طريق العوام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٩٩٦).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الصوفى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٥٤.","vol":"7","page":164},{"text":"إسارِى، ثمَّ أبدَلتُه لَحمًا خَيرًا مِن لَحمِه ودَمًا خَيرًا مِن دَمِه، ثُمَّ يَستأنِفُ العَمَلَ\" (^١).\nورَواه أبو صَخرٍ حُمَيدُ بنُ زيادٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا عَلَيه:\n\n٦٦٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى ويَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرٌ هو ابنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو صَخرٍ حُمَيدُ بنُ زيادٍ، أنَّ سعيدًا المَقبُرِىَّ حَدَّثَه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال اللَّهُ ﷿: أبتَلِى عبدِى المُؤمِنَ، فإِذا لَم يَشكُ إلَى عُوّادِه ذَلِكَ حَلَلتُ عنه عقدِى، وأَبدَلتُه دَمًا خَيرًا مِن دَمِه ولَحمًا خَيرًا مِن لَحمِه، ثُمَّ قُلتُ له: ائتَنِفِ العَمَلَ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٢٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّليطِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَتِ الحُمَّى تَستأذِنُ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: الحُمَّى. قال: \"أتَعرِفينَ أهلَ قُباءٍ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"اذهَبِى إلَيهِم\". فذَهَبَت إلَيهِم، فلَقُوا مِنها شِدَّةً، فشَكَوا ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إن شِئتُم دَعَوتُ اللَّهَ فكَشَفَها\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٢٣٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٤٨، ٣٤٩ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا في المرض والكفارات (٧٨) من طريق عبد الله بن سعيد عن جده به، وينظر علل الأحاديث في كتاب الصحيح ص ١١٨ وما بعدها.\n(^٢) ذكره السيوطى في اللآلئ المصنوعة ٢/ ٣٩٧ عن المصنف. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٦: لم يخرجه الستة لعلته.","vol":"7","page":165},{"text":"عَنكُم، وإن شِئتُم كانَت كَفّارَةً وطَهورًا\". فقالَوا: بَل تَكونُ كَفّارَةً وطَهورًا (^١).\n\n٦٦٢٥ - رَواه يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الأعمَشِ فذَكَرَ الكَلامَ الأوَّلَ عن الأعمَشِ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِىِّ عن أُمِّ طارِقٍ مَولاةِ سَعدٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وذَكَرَ مَعنَى الكَلامِ الثّانِى في شِكايَتِهِم عن الأعمَشِ عن أبى سُفيانَ عن جابِرٍ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو محمدِ ابنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا يَعلَى. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٦٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أبى وشُعَيبٌ قالا: أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عمرٍو، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالك قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"قال اللَّهُ ﷿: إذا ابتَلَيتُ عبدِى بحَبيبَتَيه ثُمَّ صَبَرَ عَوَّضتُه مِنهُما الجَنَّةَ\". يُريدُ عَينَيهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٢٣) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٤٣٩٤) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦: رجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٥٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٢٧)، والطبرانى ٢٥/ ١٤٤ (٣٤٩) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٣٠٦: رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٩٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٦٨)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٣٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٦٥٣).","vol":"7","page":166},{"text":"٦٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَويُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ النَّصراباذِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو زُهَيرٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَغراءَ الدَّوسِىُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَوَدُّ أهلُ العافيَةِ يَومَ القيامَةِ أنَّ جُلودَهُم قُرِضَت بالمَقاريضِ؛ ممّا يَرَونَ مِن ثَوابِ أهلِ البَلاءِ\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرُّوخَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن صُهَيب قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنُ كلٌّ له فيه خَيرٌ، ولَيسَ ذاكَ لأحَدٍ إلّا لِلمُؤمِنِ؛ إن أصابَه سَرّاءُ فشَكَرَ اللَّهَ فلَه أجرٌ، وإن أصابَه ضَرّاءُ فصَبرَ فلَه أجرٌ، فكُلُّ قَضاءِ اللَّهِ للمُسلِمِ (^٢) خَيرٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ (^٤).\n\n٦٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن العَيزارِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَجِبتُ لِلمُؤمِنِ؛ إن أصابَه خَيرٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٠٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مغراء به، وقال: حديث غريب.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"للمسلمين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٨٩٦) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (١٨٩٣٤) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٩٩٩).","vol":"7","page":167},{"text":"حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وشَكَرَ، وإن أصابَته مُصيبَةٌ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وصَبَرَ، فالمُؤمِنُ يُؤجَرُ في (^١) كُلِّ أمرِه، حَتَّى يُؤجَرَ في اللُّقمَةِ يَرفَعُها إلى فِى امرأَتِه\" (^٢).\nوفى هَذا أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ لمن أُيِّدَ بالتَّوفيقِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1438>بابُ الوَباءِ يَقَعُ بأَرضٍ فلا يَخرُجْ فِرارًا مِنه، وليَمكُثْ بها صابِرًا مُحتَسِبًا، وإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ لَيسَ هو بها فلا يَقدَمْ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهْلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- خَرَجَ إلى الشّامِ، فلَمّا جاءَ سَرْغَ (^٣) بَلَغَه أنَّ الوَباءَ قَد وقَعَ بالشّامِ، فأَخبَرَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا سَمِعتُم به بأَرضٍ فلا تقَدَموا عَلَيه، وإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وأَنتُم بها فلا تَخرُجوا فِرارًا مِنه\". فرَجَعَ عُمَرُ مِن سَرْغَ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ عُمَرَ إنَّما انصَرَفَ بالنّاسِ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"على\". والمثبت موافق لمصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣١٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٠٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٠٧: لم يخرجوه، وما به شئ، قد خرج النسائى لعمر.\n(^٣) تقدم التعريف بها في (٥٥٤٩).\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٨٩٦، ٨٩٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٢١). وسيأتى في (١٤٣٦٠).","vol":"7","page":168},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن القَعنَبِىِّ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٦٦٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ سَعدًا عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنهَّ قال: \"إذا سَمِعتُم بالطّاعونِ بأَرضٍ فلا تَدخُلوهما، وإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وأَنتُم بها فلا تَخرُجوا مِنها\". فقُلتُ: أنتَ سَمِعتَه يُحَدِّثُ به سَعدًا ولا يُنكِرُه؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٣٢ - ورَواه وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ في مَتنِه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"هَذا الطّاعونُ بَقِيَّةُ رِجزٍ وعَذابٍ عُذِّبَ به قَومٌ، فإذا كان بأَرضٍ فلا تَهبِطوا عَلَيه، وإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وأَنتم بها فلا تَخرُجوا عنه\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٦٦٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ (^٥)،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢١٩/ ١٠٠)، والبخارى (٥٧٣٠، ٦٩٧٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٦، ٢١٧٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٢١٨/ ٩٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٠٦ من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٥) في الأصل، م: \"البزار\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ١٤٧.","vol":"7","page":169},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبِ ابنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ وخُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ -﵃- قالوا: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-:\"إنَّ هَذا الطّاعونَ رِجزٌ وبَقيَّةُ عَذاب عُذِّبَ به قَومٌ، فإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وأَنتُم فيها فلا تَخرُجوا مِنها فِرارًا مِنه، وإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ ولَستُم بها فلا تَدخُلوها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِى، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى الفُراتِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- أنَّها سأَلَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الطّاعونِ، فقالَت: حَدَّثَنِى نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه \"عَذابٌ يَبعَثُه (^٣) اللَّهُ على مَن يَشاءُ، فجَعَلَه رَحمَةً لِلمُؤمِنينَ، فلَيسَ عبدٌ يَقَعُ الطّاعونُ فيقيمُ ببَلَدِه إيمانًا واحتِسابًا، يَعلَمُ أنَّه لَن يُصيبَه إلَّا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ له، إلَّا كان له مِثلُ أجرِ شَهيدٍ\" (^٤).\nأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ داودَ بنِ أبى الفُراتِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٧، ٢١٨٦٠)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٢٣) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢١٨/ ...).\n(^٣) في س: \"يجعله\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٥٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٢٧) من طريق داود بن أبى الفرات به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٤٧٤، ٥٧٣٤، ٦٦١٩).","vol":"7","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1439>بابُ المَريضِ لا يَسُبُّ الحُمَّى، ولا يَتَمَنَّى المَوتَ لِضُرٍّ نَزَلَ به، وليَصبِرْ وليَحتَسِبْ</span>\n\n٦٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ الصَّوّافِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ على أُمِّ السّائبِ أو اُمَّ المُسَيَّبِ وهِىَ تُرَفرِفُ (^١) فقالَ: \"مالَكِ يا أُمَّ السَائبِ؟ \". أو: \"يا أُمَّ المُسَيَّبِ؟ \". قالَت: الحُمَّى، لا بارَكَ اللَّهُ فيها. فقالَ: \"لا تَسُبِّى الحُمَّى؛ فإِنَّها تُذهِبُ خَطايا بَنِى آدَمَ كما يُذهِبُ الكِيرُ خَبَثَ الحَديدِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ الأهوازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالأهوازِ (^٤)، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ\n_________\n(^١) أى: تَرتَعِدُ، ويروى \"تزفزف\" بالزاى. النهاية ٢/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٩٣٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر القواريرى به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥١٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٠٢) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٧٥/ ٥٣).\n(^٤) الأهواز بين فارس والبصرة وواسط وجبال اللور المجاورة لأصبهان، وقد ظلت الأهواز عاصمة لإقليم خوزستان حتى اضمحلت في القرن الرابع الهجرى، ثم ازدهرت منذ اكتشف البترول بها في أوائل القرن العشرين وعادت عاصمة لخوزستان سنة (١٩٢٦ م). ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٤٩٥، والمعجبم الكبير ١/ ٥٩٠.","vol":"7","page":171},{"text":"القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ ابنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: دَخَلْنا على خَبّابٍ نَعودُه وقَدِ اكتَوَى سَبْعَ كَيّاتٍ فقالَ: إنَ أصحابَ نَبيِّنا -ﷺ- الَّذينَ أسلَموا مَضَوْا ولم يَنقُصْهُم أموالٌ (^١)، وإِنّا أصَبنا مالًا لَم نَجِدْ له مَوضعًا إلَّا التُّرابَ. ثُمَّ أتَيناه مَرَّةً أُخرَى نَعودُه وهو يَبنِى حائطًا له فقالَ: إنَّ المُسلِمَ يُؤجَرُ في كُلِّ شَيءٍ يُنفِقُه إلَّا في شَيءٍ يَجعَلُه في التُّرابِ، ولَولا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهانا أن نَدعوَ بالمَوتِ لَدَعَوتُ بهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو عُبَيدٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَن يُدخِلَ أحَدًا الجَنَّةَ عَمَلُه\". قالوا: ولا أنتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟! قال: \"ولا أنا إلَّا أن يَتَغَمَّدَنِى اللَّهُ مِنه بفَضل ورَحمَةٍ، فسَدِّدوا وقارِبوا، وَلا يَتَمَنَّى أحَدُكُمُ المَوتَ؛ إمّا مُحسِنًا فلَعَلَّه أن يَزدادَ، وإمّا مُسيئًا\n_________\n(^١) أى لم تنقص الأموال من أجورهم شيئًا؛ إما لقلتها أو لكثرة إنفاقهم منها في وجوه البر. فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٤٥٤) عن آدم به. وفي (٦٨٤) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٢١٠٥٩)، والبخارى (٦٣٤٩، ٦٣٥٠، ٦٤٣٠، ٦٤٣١، ٧٢٣٤)، والنسائي (١٨٢٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٨١).","vol":"7","page":172},{"text":"فلَعَلَّه أن يَستَعتِبَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٣٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هُرَيرَة قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَتَمَنَّى أحَدُكُمُ المَوتَ، ولا يَدعو به مِن قَبلِ أن يأتيَه، إنَّه إذا مات أحَدُكُمُ انقَطَعَ عَمَلُه عنه، وإنَّه لا يَزيدُ المُؤمِنَ عُمُرُه إلَّا خَيرًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٦٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَتَمَنَّيَنَّ أحَدُكُمُ المَوتَ مِن ضُرٍّ أصابَه، فإن كان لا بُدَّ فاعِلًا فليَقُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ أحيِنِى ما كانَتِ الحَياةُ خَيرًا لِى، وتَوَفَّنِى إذا كانَتِ الوَفاةُ خَيرًا لِى\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١٠١٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٨٧) من طريق الزهرى به بالشطر الأول. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٨٦)، والبخارى (٧٢٣٥)، والنسائى (١٨١٨) من طريق الزهرى به بالشطر الثانى.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٦٧٣)، ومسلم (٢٨١٦/ ٧٥)، وعنده بالشطر الأول.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٦٣٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠١٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٨٢).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (١٠١٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٢٠)، وعبد بن حميد (١٣٧٠) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"7","page":173},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ثابِتٍ وغَيرِه عن أنَسٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1440>بابُ المَريضِ يُحسِنُ ظَنَّه باللَّهِ ﷿ ويَرجو رَحمَتَه</span>\n\n٦٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريا، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَبلَ مَوتِه بثَلاثٍ يقولُ: \"لا يَموتَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم إلَّا وهو يُحسِنُ الظَّنَّ باللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٦٦٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ إملاءً، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا واصلٌ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ مَوتِه بثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ يقولُ: \"لا يَموتَنَّ أحَدُكُم إلَّا وهو حَسَنُ الظَّنِّ باللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٦٧١)، ومسلم (٢٦٨٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٨٧٧/ ...)، وأبو داود (٣١١٣)، وابن ماجه (٤١٦٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٧٧/ ٨١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٨١) من طريق مهدى به. وأحمد (١٤٥٨٠)، وعبد بن حميد (١٠٣٩) من طريق ابن جريج عن أبى الزبير به.","vol":"7","page":174},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ عن عارِمٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1441>بابُ المَريضِ يقولُ: وارَأساهُ. أو: إنِّى وجِعٌ. أو: اشتَدَّ بىَ الوَجَعُ</span>\nقال أيّوبُ فيما أخبَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عنه: ﴿مَسَّنِيَ الضُّرُّ وَأَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ﴾ [الأنبياء: ٨٣].\n\n٦٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ عَبدوسِ بنِ مَحفوظٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ التُّركُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ أبو يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى التَّميمِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: قالَت عائشَةُ: وارَأساهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذاكِ لَو كان وأَنا حَىٌّ فأستَغفِرُ لَكِ وأَدعو لَكِ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ: واثكلَتاهُ! واللَّهِ إنِّى لأظُنُّكَ تُحِبُّ مَوتِى، ولَو كان ذلكَ لَظَلِلتَ آخِرَ يَومِكَ مُعَرِّسًا ببَعضِ أزواجِكَ. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَل أنا وارأساه، لَقَد هَمَمتُ -أو: أرَدتُ- أن أُرسِلَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ وابنِه فأَعهَدَ؛ أن يَقولَ القائلونَ أو يَتَمَنَّى المُتَمَنُّونَ، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يأبَى اللَّهُ ويَدفَعُ المُؤمِنونَ\". أو: \"يَدفَعُ اللَّهُ ويأبَى المُؤمِنونَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ جَعفَرٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٨٧٧/ ٨٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٦٨. وسيأتى في (٦٧٣٨، ١٦٦٦٦).","vol":"7","page":175},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٦٦٤٣ - وقالَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ: جاءَنى رسولُ اللَّهِ -صل ﴿ى الله عليه وسلم- يَعودُنِى مِن وجَعٍ اشتَدَّ بى زَمَنَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فقُلتُ: أَىْ رسولَ اللَّهِ، بَلَغَ بى ما تَرَى مِنَ الوَجَعِ، وأَنا ذو مالٍ. وفِى رِوايَةٍ: بَلَغَ مِنِّى الوَجَعُ. أخبَرَناه ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ هو ابنُ أبى سلَمةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عامِرُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: بَلَغَ مِنِّى الوَجَعُ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1442>بابٌ في مَوتِ الفَجْأَةِ</span>\n\n٦٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الصَّوّافُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ العَبسِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلَمةَ أو سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيد، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ السُّلَمِىِّ رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال مَرَّةً: عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ قال\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٦٦٦، ٧٢١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٤)، والبخارى (١٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (٢٨٦٤)، والترمذى (٢١١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٠٨) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى في (١٢٦٩١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٦٨)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨).","vol":"7","page":176},{"text":"مَرَّة أُخرَى: عن عُبَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: \"مَوتُ الفَجأَةِ أخذَةُ أسَفٍ\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٤٥ - ورَواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن شُعبَةَ عن مَنصورٍ عن تَميمِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن عُبَيدٍ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ ورَفَعَه. قال شُعبَةُ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَنيه، وحَدَّثَنيه مَرَّةً أُخرَى فلَم يَرفَعْه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه. قال ابنُ بَشّارٍ: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ حدثنا شُعبَةُ. بهَذا موقوفٌ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن مَوتِ الفَجأَةِ: أيُكرَهُ؟ قالَت: لأىِّ شَئٍ يُكرَهُ؟! سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"راحَةٌ لِلمُؤمِنِ، وأَخْذُ أسَفٍ لِلفاجِرِ\" (^٣). ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ مَوقوفًا\n_________\n(^١) أسف: بفتح السين وبكسرها، فبالفتح مصدر بمعنى الغضب، وبالكسر صفة مشبهة بمعنى غضبان. ينظر شرح أبى داود للعينى ٦/ ٢٦، وعون المعبود ٣/ ١٥٦.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩٦) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وليس عنده: \"أو سعد بن عبيدة\". وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٤٩ عن محمد بن بشار عن روح به مرفوعًا. وفى ٢/ ٦٤٩ عن محمد بن بشار عن محمد بن جعفر به موقوفًا. وأحمد (١٥٤٩٧) عن محمد بن جعفر به موقوفًا.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن الوليد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٣١٨: فيه عبيد الله بن الوليد الرصافى وهو متروك.","vol":"7","page":177},{"text":"على (^١) عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢).\n\n٦٦٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ المُبارَكِىُّ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ وعائشَةَ -﵄- قالا: أسَفٌ على الفاجِرِ، وراحَةٌ لِلمُؤمِنِ. يَعنِى الفَجأَةَ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن زُبَيدٍ عن مُرَّةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن قَولِه (^٤).\nورَواه الحَجّاجُ عن زُبَيدٍ عن مُرَّةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مَرفوعًا.\n\n٦٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى وإِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَفْصِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلْحَلَةَ الدُّؤَلِىِّ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ ابنِ رِبْعِىٍّ قال: مَرَّ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جِنازَةٌ فقالَ: \"مُستَريحٌ ومُستَراحٌ مِنه\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما المُستَريحُ وما المُستَراحُ مِنهُ؟\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (١٠٢١٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢١٢٢) من طريق أبى شهاب به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى في العلل ٥/ ٢٧٢ عن أبى بكر به.","vol":"7","page":178},{"text":"قال: \"العَبدُ المُؤمِن يَستَريحُ مِن نَصَبِ الدُّنيا وأَذاها إلَى رَحمَةِ اللَّهِ، والعَبدُ الفاجِرُ يَستَريحُ مِنه العِبادُ والبِلادُ والشَّجَرُ والدَّوابُّ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1443>بابُ الأمرِ بعيادَةِ المَريضِ</span>\n\n٦٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ ومَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أطعِموا الجائعَ، وعُودوا المَريضَ، وفكُّوا العانِىَ\". قال سفيانُ: والعانِى الأسيرُ. قال إسماعيلُ: وفِى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: حدثنا سفيانُ عن مَنصورٍ وحدَه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن سُفيانَ عن مَنصورٍ وحدَه (^٤).\n\n٦٦٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى موسَى، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٤١، ٢٤٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٠١٢). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٢٩) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٥١٢)، ومسلم (٩٥٠/ ٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٢٤٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٠٥)، وابن حبان (٣٣٢٤) من طريق محمد بن كثير عن سفيان عن منصور وحده به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣٧٣).","vol":"7","page":179},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"فُكُّوا العانِىَ، وأَجيبوا الدّاعِىَ، وعُودوا المَريضَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ يقولُ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، ورَدِّ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى، وإِبرارِ القَسَمِ (^٣)، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٦٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو ابنِ البَخْتَرِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى عيسَى الأُسْوارِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٤١) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. واحمد (١٩٥١٧)، والنسانى في الكبرى (٧٤٩٢) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٦٠، ١٩٦٩٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٧٤، ٧١٧٣).\n(^٣) في س: \"المقسم\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٩) بنفس الإسناد. وتقدم في (٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥). وسيأتي في (١١٦١٩، ١٩٨٩٣، ١٩٩١٦).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٨٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦/ ...).","vol":"7","page":180},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"عُودوا مَرضاكُم، واتَّبِعوا الجَنائزَ تُذَكِّرْكمُ الآخِرَةَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1444>بابُ فضلِ العيادَةِ</span>\n\n٦٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن عادَ مَريضًا لَم يَزَلْ في خُرْفَةِ الجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nوقالَ أيُّوبُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ: \"مَخرَفَةِ (^٤) الجَنَّةِ\":\n\n٦٦٥٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءِ بنِ السِّندِىِّ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"عائدُ المَريضِ في مَخرَفَةِ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٨٠)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥١٨) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١١: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٩٢٨)، والقضاعى في مسند الشِّهاب (٣٨٥) من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتى معنى \"خرفة الجنة\" في الحديث (٦٦٥٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٦٨/ ٤٠).\n(^٤) المَخْرَفَة: سكة بين صفين من نخل يخترف من أيهما شاء. وقيل: المَخرفَةُ الطريق. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٤.\n(^٥) في ص ٣: \"المسندى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٠٤)، والترمذى عقب (٩٦٨) من طرق عن حماد بن زيد به.","vol":"7","page":181},{"text":"عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^١).\nورَواه وُهَيبٌ عن أيُّوبَ فقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وزادَ: \"حَتَّى يَرجِعَ\".\nوخالَفَهما عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ في إسنادِه:\n\n٦٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَرْوانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ يَعنِى الأحوَلَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ يَعنِى أبا قِلابَةَ، عن أبى الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ، عن أبي أسماءَ الرَّحَبِيِّ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن عادَ مَريضًا لَم يَزَلْ في خُرْفَةِ الجَنَّةِ\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وما خُرْفَةُ الجَنَّةِ؟ قال: \"جَناها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بِشرانَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٣).\nوأَخرَجَه أيضًا عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن مَرْوانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٥٦٨/ ٣٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٣٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٨٩)، والترمذي (٩٦٨) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٦٨/ ٤٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٨/ ...).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٥١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"7","page":182},{"text":"٦٦٥٦ - وخالَفَهما شُعبَةُ وثابِتٌ أبو زَيدٍ فقالا: عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"عائدُ المَريضِ خِرافَةِ الجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وثابِتٌ أبو زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه، ولَم يَذكُرْ أبا الأشعَثِ في إسنادِه (^١). ورِوايَةُ يَزيدَ ومَرْوانَ أصَحُّ؛ فقَد رَواه أبو غِفَارٍ (^٢) أيضًا عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن أبى أسماءَ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن عادَ مَريضًا لَم يَزَلْ يَخوضُ في (^٤) الرَّحمَةِ حَتَّى يَجلِسَ، فإذا جَلَسَ يُغمَسُ فيها\" (^٥).\n\n٦٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: جاءَ أبو موسَى\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٠٨١).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"عفان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥٢١) من طريق أبى غفار المثنى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٩١٧٩)، والآداب (٣٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٦٠)، وابن حبان (٢٩٥٦) من طريق هشيم به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١٢: هذا من \"جزء الحفار\"، ولا أعرف ابن ثوبان.","vol":"7","page":183},{"text":"الأشعَرِىُّ يَعودُ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ ﵄، فقالَ له عليٌّ ﵁: أعائدًا جِئتَ أم شامِتًا؟ فقالَ: بَل عائدًا. فقالَ عليٌّ ﵁: فإن كُنتَ جِئتَ عائدًا فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا أتَى الرَّجُلُ أخاه يَعودُه مَشَى في خِرافَةِ الجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَجلِسَ، فإذا جَلَسَ غَمَرَته الرَّحمَةُ، فإِن كان غُدوَةً صَلَّى عَلَيه سَبعونَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ حَتَّى يُمسِىَ، وإن كان عَشيًّا صَلَّى عَلَيه سَبعونَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ\" (^١).\nوخالَفَه شُعبَةُ فرَواه عن الحَكَمِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ عن عليٍّ ﵁ مَرَّةً مَرفوعًا ومَرَّةً مَوقوفًا:\n\n٦٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ قال: جاءَ أبو موسَى الأشعَرِيُّ يَعودُ الحسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ ﵄، فقالَ له عليٌّ ﵁: أجِئتَ عائدًا أم زائرًا؟ فقالَ أبو موسَى: جِئتُ عائدًا. فقالَ له عليٌّ ﵁: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن عادَ مَريضًا بُكرَةً شَيَّعَه سَبعونَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ، كُلُّهُم يَستَغفِرُ له حَتَّى يُمسِىَ، وكانَ له خَريفٌ (^٢) في الجَنَّةِ، وإن عادَه مَساءً شَيَّعَه سَبعونَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ، كُلُّهُم يَستَغفِرُ له حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، وكانَ له خَريفٌ في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩١٧٣)، والآداب (٣٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٢)، وأبو داود (٣٠٩٩)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٤٩٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٤٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٥٦).\n(^٢) خريف في الجنة: مخروف من ثمرها، أى حائط من نخل. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٤.\n(^٣) الفاكهى في فوائده (١١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧٥) عن المقرئ به.","vol":"7","page":184},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ مَرفوعًا (^١). ورَواه محمدُ بنُ (^٢) كَثيرٍ عن شُعبَةَ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n\n٦٦٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ الفاكِهِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّة فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه. وزادَ قال: قال ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ: ثُمَّ وقَفَه المُقرِئُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ على علىٍّ ﵁، ولَم يَذكُرِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، وقالَ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ عبدَ المَلِكِ الجُدِّيَّ يَقِفُه، وهو أحفَظُ مِنِّى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1445>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في تَكريرِ العيادَةِ</span>\n\n٦٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ ﵂ قالَت: لما أُصيبَ سَعدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ يَومَ الخَندَقِ؛ رَماه رَجُلٌ في الأكْحَلِ (^٥)، فضَرَبَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَيمَةً في المَسجِدِ ليَعودَه مِن قَريبٍ (^٦). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٠ من طريق ابن أبي عدي به.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أبي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٣٣٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٩٨) عن محمد بن كثير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٥٥).\n(^٤) الفاكهى في فوائده عقب (١١٧). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١٣: ورواه جرير عن منصور عن الحكم عن عبد الله بن نافع عن على موقوفا، فهو أصح.\n(^٥) الأكحل: عرق في وسط الذراع يكثر فصده. ينظر العين ٦/ ١٣٦، والنهاية ٤/ ١٥٤.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣١٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٩٤)، والنسائى (٧٠٩) من طريق ابن نمير به. وسيأتى في (١٨٢٣٦).\n(^٧) البخارى (٤٦٣، ٤١٢٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٩). ينظر فتح الباري ١٠/ ١١٣.","vol":"7","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1446>بابُ العيادَةِ مِنِ الرَّمدِ</span>\n\n٦٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: عادَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن وجَعٍ كان بعَينَيَّ (^١).\nورُوىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1447>بابُ وضعِ اليَدِ على المَريضِ والدُّعاءِ له بالشِّفاءِ، ومُداواتِه بالصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٦٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلْخِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الجُعَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ أباها قال: اشتَكَيتُ بمَكَّةَ، فجاءَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعودُنِي، ووَضَعَ يَدَه على جَبهَتِى، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ صَدرِى وبَطنِى ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشفِ سَعدًا، وأَتمِمْ له هِجرَتَه\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٤٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٠٢) عن عبد الله بن محمد النفيلي به. وأحمد (١٩٣٤٨)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٣٢) من طريق يونس به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٨٦، ١٢٦٣٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٢٠٣)، والآداب (٣٦٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٤٢. وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٤٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٠٤) من طريق مكي بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٤٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٨، ٧٥٠٤) من طريق الجعيد به.","vol":"7","page":186},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٦٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الضُّحَى يُحَدِّثُ عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا عادَ مَريضًا مَسَحَ وجهَه وصَدرَه -أو قال: مَسَحَ على صَدرِه- وقالَ: \"أذهِبِ الباسَ رَبَّ النّاسِ، واشفِ أنتَ الشّافِى، لا شِفاءَ إلَّا شِفاؤُكَ، شِفاءً لا يُغادِرُ سَقَمًا\". قالَت: فلَمّا كان مَرَضُه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه جَعَلتُ آخُذُ يَدَه لأجعَلَها على صَدرِه وأَقولُ هذه المَقالَةَ، فانتَزَعَ يَدَه مِنِّى وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أدخِلْنِى الرَّفيقَ الأعلَى\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن الأعمَشِ. وقالَ جَريرٌ عن الأعمَشِ: مَسَحَه بيَمينِه. وبِمَعناه قال الثَّورِيُّ عنه. ورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن الأعمَشِ فقالَ: وضَعَ يَدَه حَيثُ يَشتَكِى (^٣).\n\n٦٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَعودُ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِه وبِه وجْدٌ وأَنا مَعَه، فقَبَضَ على يَدِه ووَضَعَ يَدَه على\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٦٥٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٣٦٥)، والطيالسى (١٥٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٨٢)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٣٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٩١/ ...)، والبخارى (٥٧٤٣، ٥٧٥٠).","vol":"7","page":187},{"text":"جَبهَتِه، وكانَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ مِن تَمامِ عيادَةِ المَريضِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﵎ يقولُ: هِىَ نارِى أُسَلِّطُها على عبدِى المُؤمِنِ لِتَكونَ حَظَّه مِنَ النّارِ في الآخِرَةِ\" (^١).\nورَواه أبو أُسامَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وقالَ: عن أبي صالِحٍ الأشعَرِيِّ عن أبي هُرَيرَة (^٢).\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن إسماعيلَ عن أبي صالِحٍ الأشعَرِىِّ عن كَعبِ الأحبارِ قال: الحُمَّى كِيرٌ مِنَ النّارِ يَبعَثُها اللهُ على عبدِه المُؤمِنِ في الدُّنيا، فتَكونُ حَظَّه مِن نارِ جَهَنَّمِ.\n\n٦٦٦٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ قال: مَرِضتُ فعادَنِى أبو صالِحٍ الأشعَرِيُّ، فحَدَّثَنِى عن كَعبِ الأحبارِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٦٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ عَودًا على بَدءٍ قال: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ كَعبٍ الأنطاكِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٥/ ٥٩٧، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٠) من طريق أبي المغيرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٧٦)، والترمذى (٢٠٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٧٠) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٧٩٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٦/ ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨ من طريق أبي طاهر به. ويعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٨٣ من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١٤: ورواه أبو غسان محمد بن مطرف عن أبي الحصين عن أبي صالح الأشعرى عن أبي أمامة.","vol":"7","page":188},{"text":"الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"داوُوا مَرضاكُم بالصَّدَقَةِ، وحَصِّنوا أمواكُم بالزَّكاةِ، وأَعِدُّوا لِلبَلاءِ الدُّعاءَ\" (^١). قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: تَفَرَّدَ به موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ هَذا المَتنُ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1448>بابُ قَولِ العائدِ لِلمَريضِ: كَيفَ تَجِدُكَ</span>؟\n\n٦٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفارَيابِيُّ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ النَّسَوىُّ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ ﵂ أنَّها قالَت: لما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ وُعِكَ أبو بكرٍ وبِلالٌ ﵄. قالَت: فدَخَلتُ عَلَيهِما فقُلتُ: يا أبَتِ كَيفَ تَجِدُكَ؟ وقُلتُ لِبِلالٍ: كَيفَ تَجِدُكَ؟ قالَت: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ ﵁ إذا أخَذَته الحُمَّى يقولُ:\nكُلُّ امرِئٍ مُصَبَّحٌ في أهلِه ... والمَوتُ أدنَى مِنْ شِراكِ نَعْلِه\nوكانَ بلالٌ ﵁ إذا أقلَعَت عنه يقولُ:\nألا لَيتَ شِعْرِى هَل أبيتَنَّ لَيلَةً ... بوادٍ وحَولِى إذخِرٌ وجَليلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠١٩٦)، وفى الأوسط (١٩٦٣) من طريق موسى بن عمير به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١٤: موسى واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في مراسيله (١٠٥).","vol":"7","page":189},{"text":"وهَل أرِدَنْ يَومًا مياهَ مَجَنَّةٍ ... وهَل يَبدُوَنْ لِى شامَةٌ وطَفِيلُ (^١)\nقالَت عائشَةُ: فجِئتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرتُه فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إلَينا المَدينَةَ كَحُبّها مَكَّةَ أو أشَدَّ، وصَحِّحْها، وبارِكْ لَنا في صاعِها ومُدِّها، وانقُلْ حُمّاها فاجعَلْها بالجُحْفَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1449>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَسليَةِ المَريضِ وقَولِ العائدِ: لا بأسَ، طَهورٌ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ</span>\n\n٦٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ على أعرابِيٍّ يَعودُه. قال: وكانَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إذا دَخَلَ على مَريضٍ يَعودُه قال له: \"لا بأسَ، طَهورٌ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى\". قال: قُلتَ: طَهورٌ؟! كَلَّا بَل حُمَّى تَفورُ- أو: تَثورُ- على شَيخٍ كَبيرٍ، تُزيرُه القُبورَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"فنَعَم إذن\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) مَجَنَّة: بلد على أميال من مكة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٢١، ٤٢٢، ومعجم قبائل العرب ١/ ٤٠٠. وشامة وطَفيل: جبلان مشرفان على مَجَنَّة على بريد من مكة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٢٤٤، ٤٥٠.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٨٩٠، ٨٩١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٢٤١)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥٢٥)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٤٩٥)، وابن حبان (٣٧٢٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٥٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥٢٦) عن معلى بن أسد به. والبخارى (٥٦٦٢، ٧٤٧٠)، وفى الأدب المفرد (٥١٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٤٩٩، ١٠٨٧٨)، وابن حبان (٢٩٥٩) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.","vol":"7","page":190},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^١).\n\n٦٦٧٠ - ورَواه أبو كامِلٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ المُختارِ، فزادَ في الحديثِ: فقالَ له: \"لا بأسَ، طَهورٌ إن شاءَ اللهُ\". قال: فقالَ: طَهورٌ؟! كَلَّا بَل هِىَ حُمَّى تَفورُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عِمرانُ ابنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1450>بابُ عيادَةِ المُسلِمِ غَيْرَ المُسلِمِ، وعَرضِ الإسلامِ عَلَيه رَجاءَ أن يُسلِمَ</span>\n\n٦٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ غُلامًا مِنَ اليَهودِ كان مَرِضَ فأَتاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَعودُه، فقَعَدَ عِندَ رأسِه فعَرَضَ عَلَيه الإسلامَ، فقالَ أبوه: أطِعْ أبا القاسِمِ. فأَسلَمَ، فقامَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- وهو يقولُ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ الذِى أنقَذَه بى مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٦١٦، ٥٦٥٦).\n(^٢) قال ابن التركمانى: كذا في ثلاثة نسخ جيدة مسموعة من هذا الكتاب، ولا زياده في رواية أبي كامل كما ترى. الجوهر النقى ٣/ ٣٨٣.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٧٧)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥٢٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٥٨٨) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٣٩٧٨) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٣٥٦، ٥٦٥٧).","vol":"7","page":191},{"text":"وثابِتٌ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه عادَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُبِيٍّ (^١)، وقَبلَ ذَلِكَ عادَ أبا طالِبٍ وعَرَضَ عَلَيه الإِسلامَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1451>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَلقيِن المريضِ (^٣) إذا حُضِرَ</span>\n\n٦٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَويُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ النَّصْراباذِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ ﵁ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَقِّنُوا مَوتاكُم لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ خالِدِ بنِ مَخْلَدٍ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٥)، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أبي حازِمٍ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٦).\n\n٦٦٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٥٨)، وأبو داود (٣٠٩٤) من حديث أسامة بن زيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٣٨٨٤، ٤٧٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٤) من حديث المسيب بن حزن.\n(^٣) في م: \"الميت\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٥٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٤٥) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وأحمد (١٠٩٩٣)، ومسلم (٩١٦/ ١)، وأبو داود (٣١١٧)، والترمذي (٩٧٦)، والنسائي (١٨٢٥) من طريق عمارة بن غزية به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩١٦/ ...).\n(^٦) مسلم (٩١٧/ ٢).","vol":"7","page":192},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءِ بنِ السِّندِىِّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَقِّنوا مَوتاكم لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ وعُثمانَ ابنَى أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1452>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن قِراءَتِه عِندَهُ</span>\n\n٦٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الطّالْقانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبى عثمانَ غَيرِ (^٣) النَّهدِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقرَءوها عِندَ مَوتاكُم\". يَعنِى سورَةَ \"يس\" (^٤). هَذا حَديثُ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ بشرانَ: عن أبيه. رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وقالَ: عن أبيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٥٣)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٤٤٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩١٧/ ٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل. وينظر مصادر التخريج، والمهذب ٣/ ١٣١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٠١)، والنسائى (١٠٩١٣)، وابن ماجه (١٤٤٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به، ولم يذكر النسائي: عن أبيه. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٣٠٨).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣١٢١).","vol":"7","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1453>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ الكَلامِ عِندَه</span>\n\n٦٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَضَرتُمُ المَيِّتَ فقولوا خَيرًا؛ فإنَّ المَلائَكَةَ يُؤَمِّنونَ على ما تَقولونَ\". قالَت: فلَمّا ماتَ أبو سلَمةَ قُلتُ: كَيفَ أقولُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: قولِي: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له وأعقِبْنا مِنه عُقبَى صالِحَةً\". قالَت: فأَعقَبَني اللهُ خَيرًا مِنه رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٦٦٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأزْدِىُّ ابنُ أبي العَزائمِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ. مِثلَه (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ، وقالَ: \"إذا حَضَرتُم المَريضَ\". أو: \"المَيِّتَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1454>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَطهيِر ثيابِه التى يَموتُ فيها</span>\n\n٦٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ (^٤) بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٧)، وأبو داود (٣١١٥)، والترمذي (٩٧٧)، والنسائى (١٨٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٤٧) من طريق الأعمش به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٨٨، وعبد بن حميد (١٥٣٧) عن عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩١٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"أبو عبد الله محمد\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ٤١٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٤٣.","vol":"7","page":194},{"text":"إسحاقَ ابنُ الخُراسانِىِّ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه لما حَضرَه المَوتُ دَعا بثيابٍ جُدُدٍ فلَبِسَها، ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ المَيِّتَ يُبعَثُ في ثيابِه التى يَموتُ فيها\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1455>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَوجيهِه نَحوَ القِبلَةِ</span>\nقال إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ: كانوا يَستَحِبُّون أن يَستَقبِلوا به القِبلَةَ. يَعنِى إذا حُضِرَ المَيِّتُ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَرْدِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، [عن أبيه] (^٣)، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- حينَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ سأَلَ عن البَراءِ بنِ مَعرورٍ، فقالوا: تُوُفِّى [وأَوصَى بثُلُثِه لَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٤)، وأَوصَى أن يُوَجَّهَ إلَى القِبلَةِ لَمّا احتُضِرَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أصابَ الفِطرَةَ، وقَد رَدَدتُ ثُلُثَه على ولَدِه\". ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٤٠ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١١٤)، وابن حبان (٧٣١٦) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٦٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٤١.\n(^٤) سقط من: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":195},{"text":"ذَهَبَ فصَلَّى عَلَيه وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له وارحَمْه وأَدخِلْه جَنَّتَكَ، وقَد فعَلتَ\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٢) القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: وكانَ البَراءُ ابنُ مَعرورٍ أوَّلَ مَنِ استَقبلَ القِبلَةَ حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا (^٣). وهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\nويُذكَرُ عن الحَسَنِ قال: ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ الكَعبَةَ فقالَ: واللهِ ما هِىَ إلا أحجارٌ نَصَبَها اللهُ قِبلَةً لأحيائِنا ونُوَجِّهُ إلَيها مَوتانا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1456>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن إغماضِ عَينَيه إذا ماتَ</span>\n\n٦٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ ﵂ قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على أبي سلَمةَ وقَد شَقَّ بَصَرُه (^٥)، فأَغمَضَه ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٣ وصححه.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٦١٩، من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) عزاه في كنز العمال (٣٨٠٥٦) للمروزى في الجنائز. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣١٧: وهذا فيه انقطاع وضعف.\n(^٥) شق بصره: أى شخص، والمعنى: ارتفع ولم يرتد. ويجوز رفع \"بصره\" على أنه فاعل، ونصبه على أنه مفعول. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٦/ ٢٢٢ - ٢٢٤.","vol":"7","page":196},{"text":"الرُّوحَ إذا قُبِضَ تَبِعَه البَصَرُ\". فضجَّ (^١) ناسٌ مِن أهلِه، قالَ: \"لا تَدعوا على أنفُسِكُم إلا بخَيرٍ، فإنَّ المَلائكَةَ يُؤمِّنونَ على ما تَقولونَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لأبِى سلَمةَ، وارفَعْ دَرَجَتَه في المَهديِّينَ، واخلُفْه في عَقِبِه في الغابِرينَ (^٢)، واغفِرْ لَنا ولَه يا رَبَّ العالَمينَ، اللَّهُمَّ افسَحْ له في قَبرِه ونَوِّرْ له فيه\" (^٣).\n\n٦٦٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥).\n\n٦٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنِى أبي أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"ألَم تَرَوْا إلَى الإنسانِ إذا ماتَ شَخَصَ بَصَرُه؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فصاح\". وفى الأصل، ص ٣: \"فصيَّح\". والمعنى واحد. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٧٤، والتاج ٦/ ٥٦٠ (ص ى ح).\n(^٢) في الغابرين: أى: في الباقين. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٤٥٤)، وابن حبان (٧٠٤١) من طريق معاوية بن عمرو به. وأبو داود (٣١١٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٢٨٥) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٥٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٢٠/ ٧).","vol":"7","page":197},{"text":"قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ الله. قال: \"فذَلِكَ حينَ يَتبَعُ بَصَرُه نَفسَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\nورُوىَ في الأمرِ بالإغماضِ عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٦٦٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا غَمَّضتَ المَيِّتَ فقُل: باسمِ اللَّهِ وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وإِذا حَمَلتَه فقُلْ: باسمِ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ سَبِّحْ ما دُمتَ تَحمِلُه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1457>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن وضعِ شَيءٍ على بَطنِه، ثُمَّ وضعِه على سَريرٍ أو غَيرِه لِئَلا يُسرِعَ انتِفاخُه</span>\nرُوىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n\n٦٦٨٤ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا أبو المُنيبِ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ المَدَنِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ آدَمَ قال: ماتَ مَولًى لأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٠٦٩). وأخرجه مسلم (٩٢١/ ...) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٢١/ ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤٥٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٧٥) عن معاذ دون قوله: \"وإذا حملته ... \".","vol":"7","page":198},{"text":"مَغيبِ الشَّمسِ، فقالَ أنَسٌ: ضَعوا على بَطنِه حَديدَةً (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن السَّيفِ يوضَعُ على بَطنِ المَيِّتِ، قال: إنَّما يوضَعُ ذَلِكَ مَخافَةَ أن يَنتَفِخَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ويَزعُمُ بَعضُ أهلِ التَّجرِبَةِ أنَّه يُسرعُ انتِفاخُه على الوطاءِ (^٣).\n\n٦٦٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادِ ابنِ آدَمَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا فُرغَ مِن جِهازِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ وُضِعَ على سَريرِه في بَيتِه -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1458>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَسجيَتِه بثَوبٍ يُغَطَّى به جَميعُ جَسَدِهِ</span>\n\n٦٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ ﵂ زَوجَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٤/ ٢٨ من طريق آخر عن أنس، وزاد في آخره: \"لا ينتفخ\". وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣١٨: محمد ضعيف.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٠٧٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٩٨٨).\n(^٣) الشافعى ١/ ٢٨٠. والوطاء هو المهاد الوطئ المذلل للتقلب عليه. المغرب ٢/ ٣٦٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٢٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٣٥٩).","vol":"7","page":199},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ توُفِّىَ سُجِّىَ ببُردِ حِبَرَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٨٧ - وحَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن عائشةَ ﵂، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُجِّىَ في ثَوبِ حِبَرَةٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ ابنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1459>بابُ المُحافَظَةِ على سُنَّةِ أهلِ الإسلامِ في أُمورِ المَوتَى</span>\n\n٦٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّه قيلَ لِسَعدِ ابنِ أبى وقّاصٍ ﵁: ألا نَتَّخِذُ لَكَ شَيئًا كأَنَّه الصُّندوقُ مِنَ الخَشَبِ؟ فقالَ: بَلِ\n_________\n(^١) تسجية الميت: تغطيته بثوب من الليل. الفائق في غريب الحديث والأثر ٢/ ١٥٦. وبرد حبرة: ثوب يمانى من قطن أو كتان مخطط. المصباح المنير ص ٤٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٨١) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨١٤)، ومسلم (٩٤٢/ ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٢٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وأحمد (٢٦٣١٨)، ومسلم (٩٤٢/ ٤٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١١٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٤٢/ ...).","vol":"7","page":200},{"text":"اصنَعوا بي ما صَنَعتُم برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ انصِبوا عليَّ اللَّبِنَ وأَهيلوا عليَّ التُّرابَ (^١).\n\n٦٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المِسوَرِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ قال في مَرَضِه الَّذِى هَلَكَ فيه: الحَدوا لِى لَحْدًا (^٢) وانصِبوا عليَّ اللَّبِنَ نَصْبًا كما صُنِعَ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1460>بابُ وُجوبِ العَمَلِ في الجَنائزِ؛ مِنَ الغَسلِ والتَّكفيِن والصَّلاةِ والدَّفنِ، حَتَّى يَقومَ بذَلِكَ مَن فيه الكِفايَةُ</span>\nقال البَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- باتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ (^٥).\n\n٦٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٥٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) اللحد: هو الشق تحت الجانب القبلى من القبر. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٣٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٦٥٥١)، والنسائي (٢٠٠٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٦٦/ ٩٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١).","vol":"7","page":201},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺيقولُ: \"حَقُّ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ خَمسٌ؛ رَدُّ السَّلامِ، وعيادَةُ المَريضِ، واتِّباعُ الجَنائزِ، وإِجابَةُ الدَّعوَةِ، وتَشميتُ العاطِسِ\" (^١).\nأخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٦٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ محمدٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ يَعلَى بنِ مُرَّةَ عن أبيه قال: سافَرتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، فما رأَيتُه مَرَّ بجيفَةِ إنسانٍ إلَّا أمَرَ بدَفنِه، لا يَسأَلُ: أمُسلِمٌ هو أم كافِرٌ (^٣)؟\n\n٦٦٩٢ - وقالَ غَيرُه عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ بإِسنادِه: عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَعلَى بنِ مُرَّةَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ يَعلَى بنَ مُرَّةَ يقولُ. فذَكَرَه. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ المَحامِلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٦٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٠٤٩)، وابن حبان (٢٤١) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وتقدم في (٥٩١٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٤٠)، ومسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٤).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧١. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٥٦٨) عن المفضل الضبي به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٠: عمر واه، وابن شبيب تالف.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١١٦.","vol":"7","page":202},{"text":"٦٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أبي (^١) عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُهَلَّبِ، حدثنا ابنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا لَيثٌ وهو ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: وجَدَ النّاسُ وهُم صادِرونَ -يَعنِى مِنَ الحَجِّ- امرأَةً مَيِّتَةً بالبَيداءِ يَمُرّونَ عَلَيها ولا يَرفَعونَ بها (^٢) رأسًا، حَتَّى مَرَّ بها رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ يُقالُ له: كُلَيبٌ. مِسكينٌ، فأَلقَى عَلَيها ثَوبَه، ثُمَّ استَعانَ عَلَيها مَن يَدفِنُها، فدَعا عُمَرُ عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَه، فقالَ: هَل مَرَرتَ لهَذِه المَرأَةِ (^٣) المَيِّتَةِ؟ فقالَ: لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَو حَدَّثْتَنِى أنَّكَ مَرَرتَ بها لَنَكَّلتُ بكَ. ثُمَّ قامَ عُمَرُ بَيْنَ ظَهرانَىِ النّاسِ، فتَغَيَّظَ عَلَيهِم فيها وقالَ: لَعَل اللَّهَ أن يُدخِلَ كُلَيبًا الجَنَّةَ بفِعلِه بها. فبَينَما كُلَيبٌ يَتَوَضّأُ عِندَ المَسجِدِ جاءَه أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ قاتِلُ عُمَرَ ﵁ فبَقَرَ بَطنَه. قال نافِعٌ: وقَتَلَ أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ مَعَ عُمَرَ سَبعَةَ نَفَرٍ (^٤). ورَواه أيضًا سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيه بمَعناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1461>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ التَّعجيلِ بتَجهيزِه إذا بانَ مَوتُه</span>\n\n٦٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) في م: \"لها\".\n(^٣) في م: \"الإمرأة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو الجهم في جزئه (٧٤) عن الليث به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٦٦٠) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.","vol":"7","page":203},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ الرُّؤاسِيُّ أبو سُفيانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ جَنابٍ قالوا (^١): حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ البَلَوىُّ، عن عُروةَ ابنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن حُصَينِ بنِ وَحوَحٍ، أنَّ طَلحَةَ بنَ البَراءِ مَرِضَ فأَتاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَعودُه فقالَ: \"إنِّي لا أُرَى طَلحَةَ إلَّا قَد حَدَثَ به المَوتُ فآذِنونِي به حَتَّى أشهَدَه وأُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه، وعَجِّلوه فإِنَّه لا يَنبغِى لِجيفَةِ مُسلِمٍ أن تُحبَسَ بَيْنَ ظَهرانَي أهلِه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ. وكَذا قالَه: عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ. [وقيلَ: عُمَرُ بنُ زُرارَةَ] (^٣).\nورُوىَ في الاستيناءِ بالغَريقِ حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه. ورُوىَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ في الاستيناءِ بالمَصعوقِ (^٤)، وكانَ الشّافِعِيُّ يَستَحِبُّ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ مَوتُه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قالا\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣١٥٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٠: غريب جدًّا، وفى سنده سعيد مجهول.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال (١١٦٩).\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ١/ ٢٧٧.","vol":"7","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1462>جِماعُ أبوابِ غَسلِ المَيِّتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1463>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن غَسلِ المَيّتِ في قَميصٍ</span>\n\n٦٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ ﵂ قالَت: لما أرادوا غَسلَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- اختَلَفَ القَومُ فيه، فقالَ بَعضهُم: أنُجَرِّدُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن ثيابِه كما نُجَرِّدُ مَوتانا، أو نَغسِلُه وعَلَيه ثيابُه؟ فأَلقَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ السِّنَةَ حَتَّى ما مِنهُم رَجُلٌ إلَّا نائمٌ ذَقَنُه على صَدرِه، فقالَ قائلٌ مِن ناحيَةِ البَيتِ ما يَدرونَ من (^١) هو: اغسِلوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعَلَيه ثيابُه. فغَسَلوه وعَلَيه قَميصُه؛ يَصُبّونَ الماءَ عَلَيه ويَدلُكونَه مِن فوقِه. قالَت عائشَةُ ﵂: وايمُ اللَّهِ، لَو استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما غَسَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا نِساؤُه (^٢).\n\n٦٦٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن أبيه عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ ﵂ تَقولُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فغَسَلوه وعَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ما\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٥٩، ٦٠.","vol":"7","page":205},{"text":"قَميصٌ؛ يَصُبّونَ الماءَ فوقَ القَميصِ ويَدلُكونَه بالقَميصِ (^١) دونَ أيديهِم (^٢).\n\n٦٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو بُردَةَ يَعنِى يَزيدَ (^٣) بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: لما أخَذوا في غَسلِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ناداهُم مُنادٍ مِنَ الدّاخِلِ: لا تَنزِعوا عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَميصًا (^٤).\nابنُ بُرَيدَةَ هَذا هو سُلَيمانُ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ قَد سَمّاه غَيرُه عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1464>بابُ ما يُنهَى عنه مِنَ النَّظَرِ إلَى عَورَةِ المَيِّتِ ومَسِّها بيَدِه لَيسَت عَلَيها خِرقَةٌ</span>\n\n٦٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ أبو خالِدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فوق القميص\".\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٢٤٢، وأبو داود (٣١٤١). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٩٣).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣، م: \"بريد\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٢ وصححه، وعنده: أبي بردة. بدلًا من: ابن بريدة. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٦٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢١: وأبو بردة قيل: إنما هو عمرو بن يزيد. وقال الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٣١٦): منكر.","vol":"7","page":206},{"text":"القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى حَبيبُ بنُ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ ﵁ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُبرِزْ فخِذَكَ، ولا تَنظُرْ إلَى فخِذِ حَيٍّ ولا مَيِّتٍ\" (^١).\n\n٦٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَن بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضيلِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا ﵁ غَسَلَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وعَلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَميصٌ، وبيدِ عليٍّ ﵁ خِرقَةٌ يَتْبعُ بها تَحتَ القَميصِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1465>بابُ ما يُؤمَرُ به مِن تَعاهُدِ بَطنِه وغَسْلِ ما كان به مِن أذًى</span>\n\n٦٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَن بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ ﵁: غَسَلتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فذَهَبتُ أنظُرُ ما يَكونُ مِنَ المَيِّتِ فلَم أرَ شَيئًا، وكانَ طَيِّبًا -ﷺ- حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا. ووَلِىَ دَفنَه وإِجنانَه (^٣) دونَ النّاسِ أربَعَةٌ؛ علىٌّ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٣٤، وأبو يعلى (٣٣١). وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٢٤٩) من طريق القواريري به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢١: يزيد تكلم فيه، وغيره يرويه عن ابن جريج قال: أخبرت عن حبيب. وتقدم في (٣٣٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٨٥) عن ابن فضيل به. وابن سعد ٢/ ٢٨٠ من طريق ابن أبي زياد به.\n(^٣) أى ستره. النهاية ١/ ٣٠٧.","vol":"7","page":207},{"text":"والعباسُ والفَضلُ وصالِحٌ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ولُحِدَ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- لَحْدًا ونُصِبَ عَلَيه اللَّبِنُ نَصْبًا (^١).\n\n٦٧٠١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ الرازيُّ (^٢) وإِبراهيمُ ابنُ دِيزِيلَ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عليٍّ ﵁ قال: غَسَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ ما يَكونُ مِنَ المَيِّتِ، فلَم أرَ شَيئًا، وكانَ طَيِّبًا حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٦٧٠٢ - وأَنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا أبو المُنذِرِ يوسُفُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، حدثنا جُنَيدٌ أبو حازِمٍ التَّيمِيُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فليَبدأْ بعَصرِه\" (^٤). هَذا مُرسَلٌ وراويه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1466>بابُ تَوضِئَةِ المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n٦٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَذّاءُ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٥١٩) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٨٠٣٠) من طريق معمر به بنحوه، وليس عندهما ذكر الدفن وما بعده. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢١٩، وسيأتى في (٧١٢٤).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٣، م: \"الدارمى\". والمثبت كما في حاشية الأصل وهو كذلك في المستدرك، وسيأتى في (٨٠٩٧، ١١٠١١).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٥٩.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٢: فيه جماعة ضعفاء.","vol":"7","page":208},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال لَهُنَّ في غَسلِ ابنَتِه: \"ابدأْنَ بمَيامِنِها ومَواضِعِ الوُضوءِ مِنها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1467>بابُ الابتِداءِ في غَسلِه بمَيامِنِه</span>\n\n٦٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ ﵁، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَيثُ أمَرَها أن تَغْسِلَ (^٣) ابنَتَه قال لَها: \"ابدَئي بمَيامِنِها ومَواضِعِ الوُضوء\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1468>بابُ ما يُغْسَلُ به المَيِّتُ، وسُنَّةِ التَّكرارِ في غَسلِه</span>\n\n٦٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٩٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٠٢)، ومن طريقه النسائى (١٨٨٣)، والبخارى (٣٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٢٥٥)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"تغتسل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٧٢). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٥١٩) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٣٩/ ٤٢).","vol":"7","page":209},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِى، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ أنَّها قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ توُفّيَتِ ابنَتُه فقالَ: \"اغسِلْنَها ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، واجعَلنَ في الآخِرَةِ كافورًا أو شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ، فإذا فرَغتُنَّ فآذِنَّنِي\". قالَت: فلَمّا فرَغنا آذَنّاه، فأَعطانا حَقِوَه فقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها (^١) إيّاه\". تَعنِى الإزارَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغانِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ أنَّها قالَت: توُفّيَت إحدَى بَناتِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فأَتانا فقالَ: \"اغسِلْنَها بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، واغسِلْنَها وترًا ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ، واجعَلنَ في الآخِرَةِ كافورًا أو شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ، فإِذا فرَغتُنَّ فآذنَّنِى\". قالَت: فلَمّا فرَغنا آذَنّاه، فأَلقَى إلَينا حِقوَه فقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\". قالَت أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ: فضَفَرنا رأسَها ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ، ثُمَّ ألقَينا خَلفَها\n_________\n(^١) أى: اجعلنه شعارًا لها، وهو الثوب الذى يلى الجسد، سمى شعارًا لأنه يلى شعر الجسد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٣.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٢٢، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣١٤٢)، والنسائى (١٨٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٩٧)، والبخارى (١٢٥٤)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٣٦)، وأبو داود (٣١٤٢)، والنسائى (١٨٩٢)، وابن ماجه (١٤٥٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٥٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٣٨).","vol":"7","page":210},{"text":"مَقدِمَتَها وقَرْنَيها (^١).\n\n٦٧٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ ويَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ قالا: حدثنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَزْيدَ (^٣).\n\n٦٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ وحَفصةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: توُفّيَت إحدَى بَناتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلْنَها ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، واجعَلْنَ في الآخِرَةِ كافورًا أو شَيئًا مِن كافِورٍ، فإِذا فرَغتُنَّ فآذِنَّنِى\". فلَمّا فرَغنا آذَنّاه، فأَلقَى إلَينا حَقوَه، وقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\". وقالَ أيّوبُ عن حَفصَةَ عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ: \"ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو سَبعًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأيتنَّ ذلك\". قالَت: وجَعَلنا رأسَها ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن حَمّادٍ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٧٣). وينظر تخريج الحديث التالى، وتقدم في (١٦).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٧٣٠٦). وأخرجه النسائى (١٨٨٤) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (٢٧٢٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٤٤)، والترمذى (٩٩٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٦٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٤٢)، والنسائى (١٨٨٦) من طريق حماد عن أيوب عن محمد به. والترمذى (٩٩٠) من طريق محمد وحفصة به. وتقدم في (٦٧٠٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٣٩/ ٣٩)، والبخارى (١٢٥٨، ١٢٥٩).","vol":"7","page":211},{"text":"٦٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان يأخُذُ الغَسلَ عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ؛ يَغسِلُ بالسِّدرِ مَرَّتَينِ، والثّالِثَةَ بالماءِ والكافورِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢) أنَّ أباه أوصاه فقالَ: يا بُنَيَّ إذا مِتُّ فاغسِلْنِي بالماءِ غَسلَةً (^٣). وعن عَطاءٍ قال: يَجزِى في غَسلِ المَيِّتِ مَرَّةٌ (^٤). وقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: لَيسَ فيه شَيءٌ مُؤَقَّتٌ (^٥). وعن إبراهيمَ إذا لَم يَجِدْ سِدرًا قال: لا يَضُرُّه (^٦).\nوكانَ أصحابُ عبدِ اللهِ يَقولونَ: المَيِّتُ يُغْسَلُ وترًا، ويُكَفَّنُ وترًا، ويُجَمَّرُ (^٧) وترًا:\n\n٦٧١٠ - أخبَرَناه الشَّريفُ الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُرَيحِيُّ، أخبرَنا البَغَويُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن أصحابِ عبدِ اللهِ قالوا: المَيِّتُ يُغْسَلُ وترًا، ويُكَفَّنُ وترًا،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٤٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٩٩).\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"عمر\".\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٠٩).\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ١/ ٢٦٤، ٢٦٥، وعبد الرزاق (٦٠٧٥).\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ١/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠١٨).\n(^٧) أى يُبخر بالطِّيب. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٩٣.","vol":"7","page":212},{"text":"ويُجَمَّرُ وترًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1469>بابُ المَريضِ يأخُذُ مِن أظفارِه وعانَتِهِ</span>\n\n٦٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ جاريَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ حَليفُ بَنِى زُهرَةَ وكانَ مِن أصحابِ أبي هريرةَ [عن أبي هريرةَ] (^٢) قال: ابتاعَ بَنو الحارِثِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ خُبَيبًا، وكانَ خُبَيبٌ ﵁ هو قَتَلَ الحارِثَ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ يَومَ بَدرٍ، فلَبِثَ خُبَيبٌ عِندَهُم أسيرًا حَتَّى أجمَعوا لِقَتلِه، فاستَعارَ مِنَ ابنَةِ الحارِثِ موسَى يَستَحِدُّ بها فأَعارَته، فدَرَجَ بُنَيٌّ لَها وهِىَ غافِلَةٌ، حَتَّى أتَته فوَجَدَته مُخليًا وهو على فخِذِه والموسَى بيَدِه، ففَزِعَت فزعَةً عَرَفَها، فقالَ: أتَحسَبينَ أنِّى أقتُلُه؟! ما كُنتُ لأفعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\nفإِن لَم يأخُذْه حَتَّى توُفِّىَ فقَد قال الشّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى: مِن أصحابِنا مَن قال: لا أرَى أن يُحلَقَ عنه بَعدَ المَوتِ شَعَر ولا يُجَزَّ ظُفُرٌ، ومِنهُم مَن لَم يَرَ بذَلِكَ بأسًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٣٧٥)، وليس فيه: \"يغسل وترًا\". وأخرجه الذهبى في سير أعلام النبلاء ٥/ ٢٣٧، ٢٣٨ من طريق البغوي به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٣، م.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٦٠). وسيأتي في (١٨٤٧٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٩٨٩).\n(^٥) الأم ١/ ٢٦٥.","vol":"7","page":213},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوى عن الحَسَنِ وابنِ سيرينَ أنَّهُما قالا: لا يُجَزُّ له شَعَرٌ، ولا يُقَلَّمُ له ظُفُرٌ (^١). ورُوىَ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ أنَّه غَسَلَ مَيِّتًا فدَعا بموسَى، وفِى رِوايَةٍ أنَّه جَزَّ عانَةَ مَيِّتٍ (^٢)، ورُوىَ عن عائشةَ ﵂ أنَّها قالَت: عَلامَ تَنْصُونَ مَيِّتَكُم (^٣)؟! أى تُسَرحونَ شَعَرَه. وكأَنَّها كَرِهَت ذَلِكَ إذا سَرَّحَه بمِشطٍ ضَيِّقَةِ الأسنانِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1470>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَموتُ</span>\n\n٦٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكَيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فخَرَّ رَجُلٌ عن بَعيرِه وهو مُحرِمٌ فوُقِصَ (^٤) فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَيه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإِن اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُهِلُّ ويُلَبِّى\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٢٨، ٦٢٣٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٤٥، ١١٠٤٨).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٣٥)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٤٧، ١١٠٥١).\n(^٣) ينظر الآثار لأبى يوسف (٣٨٢)، والآثار لمحمد بن الحسن (٢٢٧)، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٣٢)، وغريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣١٤.\n(^٤) الوقص: كسر العنق. التاج ١٨/ ٢٠٤ (وق ص).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٤)، والترمذى (٩٥١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"7","page":214},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ والثَّورِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ: \"ثَوبَيهِ\"، أمّا حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n٦٧١٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال. أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ حَرامًا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فخَرَّ مِن بَعيرِه فوُقِصَ وقْصًا فماتَ، فقالَ النبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وأَلبِسوه ثَوبَيه، ولا تُخَمَّروا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّه يأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ خَشرَمٍ (^٣).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ الثَّورِىِّ:\n\n٦٧١٤ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- برَجُلٍ وقَصَته راحِلَتُه فماتَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، قال: \"كَفِّنوه في ثَوبَيه، واغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّ اللّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّي\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٣٠)، ومسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٧)، والنسائي (٢٨٥٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٦/ ١٢٠٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣٨) عن محمد بن كثير به.","vol":"7","page":215},{"text":"٦٧١٥ - رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ولا تُخَمِّروا وجهَه، ولا رأسَه؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبّيًا\" (^١). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، أخبرَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه بزيادَتِهِ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن وكيعٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن سُفيانَ، لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الوَجهِ، ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، فشَكَّ في \"ثَوبَينِ\" أو \"ثَوبَيه\"، ولَم يَذكُرْ \"وجهَه\" وزادَ: \"ولا تُحَنِّطوه (^٣) \":\n\n٦٧١٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان واقِفًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- على ناقَةٍ له بعَرَفَةَ فوَقَصَته -أو قال: أقصَعَتْه (^٤) - فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ - أو قال: في ثَوبَيه- ولا تُحَنّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإنَّ اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّى\" (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٨٤) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائى (٢٧١٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أى: لا تُمسوه حَنوطًا، والحنوط: أخلاط من طيب تجمع للميت خاصة، لا تستعمل في غيره. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٨/ ١٣٠.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٣: \"أقعصته\". بتقديم العين على الصاد، وأقصعته أي هشمته، وأقعصته أي قتلته في الحال. ينظر فتح البارى ٣/ ١٣٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣٩) عن سليمان به.","vol":"7","page":216},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^١).\nورَواه حَمّادٌ عن أيّوبَ وعَمرٍو وقالَ: \"في ثَوبَينِ\":\n\n٦٧١٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ] (^٢) الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عمرِو ابنِ دينارٍ وأَيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بيَنا رَجُلٌ واقِفٌ مع رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعَرَفَةَ إذ وقَعَ عن راحِلَتِه. قال أيّوبُ: فأَوقَصَته. أو قال: فأَقعَصَته. وقالَ عمرٌو: فوَقَصَته. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ، ولا تُحَنِّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه\". قال أيّوبُ: \"فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبّيًا\". وَقالَ عمرٌو: \"فإِنَّ اللهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّى\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\nورَواه البخارىُّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ وحدَه (^٥):\n\n٦٧١٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه على لَفظِ حَديثِ أيّوبَ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٤٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أبو الحسين ابن رجاء\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٢٧١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٧٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٧٧٨) من طريق أبى يعلى به. وأبو عوانة (٣٠٩٦ - ٣٠٩٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٤، ٩٦).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٨٥٠).","vol":"7","page":217},{"text":"يَذكُرْ قَولَه: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nوكانَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: \"في ثَوبَيهِ\". وأَيّوبُ قال: \"في ثَوبَينِ\":\n\n٦٧١٩ - [أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عمرٍو وأَيّوبَ، قال أيّوبُ: \"في ثَوبَينِ\". وقالَ عمرٌو: \"في ثَوبَيهِ\"] (^٢).\nورَواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ قال: نُبِّئتُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جبَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٧٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُحرِمًا، فوَقَصَته ناقَتُه فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"اغسِلوه بماء وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَيه، ولا تُمِسّوه طِيبًا، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّيًا (^٤) \". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِيِّ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣٩) عن سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣٢٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) في م: \"ملبدا\". والتلبيد: ضفر الرأس بالصمغ أو الخطمى وشبههما مما يضم الشعر ويلزق بعضه ببعض. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٨/ ٩٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٠)، والنسائى (٢٨٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٥٩) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٩)، والبخارى (١٨٥١).","vol":"7","page":218},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ بوفاقِ هُشَيمٍ في الرّأسِ والطِّيبِ، إلَّا أنَّه روىَ عنه \"ثَوبَيه\". وروىَ: \"ثَوبَينِ\".\n\n٦٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وهُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًاَ وقَصته راحِلَتُه فماتَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ خارِجٌ (^١) رأسُه، ولا تُمِسّوه طِيبًا؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّدًا\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ: ورأَيتُ هَذا الحديثَ في نُسخَةٍ أُخرَى بهَذا الإسناد \"في ثَوبَيهِ\".\n\n٦٧٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا القَبّانِيُّ (^٣) وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنْ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بشرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وهو مُحرِمٌ، فوَقَعَ مِن ناقَتِه فأَقعَصته (^٤)، وأَمرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُغْسَلَ بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وأَن يُكَفَّنَ في ثَوبَينِ، وأَلَّا يُمِسّوه بطيبٍ خارجٌ رأسُه -قال شُعبَةُ: ثُمَّ إنَّه حَدَّثَنِي بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: خارجٌ رأسُه ووَجهُه-\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"خارجًا\"، والمثبت موافق لما عند الطيالسى.\nوقال القاضى عياض في مشارق الأنوار على صحاح الآثار ٢/ ٣٦٣: \"خارج رأسه\" بضمهما على المبتدأ والخبر المقدم لا يصح غيره.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٧٤٥).\n(^٣) في ص ٣، م: \"القبارى\". تقدم عقب (٨٢)، وفى (١٥٧، ١٤٠٨، ١٤٣٧)، وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٤٤١.\n(^٤) في م: \"فأقصعته\".","vol":"7","page":219},{"text":"فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّدًا (^١) (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ وغيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ فوَقَصَته ناقَتُه فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه، ولا تُقَرِّبوه طِيبًا، ولا تُغَطوا وجهَه؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يُلَبِّى\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى هَكَذا (^٥)، وهو وهْمٌ مِن بَعضِ رواتِه في الإسناد والمَتنِ جَميعًا، والصَّحيحُ ما:\n\n٦٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وقُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ قُتَيبَةُ: حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"ملبيا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٠)، والنسائى (٢٧١٢) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. والنسائى (٢٨٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ١٠١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣١١٦) من طريق عبيد الله به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٥) وزاد في إسناده، من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ١٠٣).","vol":"7","page":220},{"text":"عُتَيبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وقَصَت برَجُلِ مُحرمٍ ناقَتُه فقَتَلَته، فأُتِىَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اغسِلوه وكَفِّنوه، ولا تُغَطَوا رأسَه، ولا تُقَرِّبوه طِيبًا؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يُهِلُّ\". وقالَ إسحاقُ: \"يُبعَثٌ يُلَبِّى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢)، وهَذا هو الصحيحُ: مَنصورٌ عن الحَكَمِ عن سعيدٍ، وفِى مَتنِه: \"لا تُغَطوا رأسَه\".\nورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ في الرّأسِ وحدَه، وذِكرُ الوَجهِ فيه غَريبٌ، ورَواه أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن سعيدِ بْنِ جُبَيرٍ، فذَكَرَ الوَجهَ على شَكٍّ مِنه في مَتنِه (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ الَّذينَ لَم يَشُكّوا وساقوا المَتنَ أحسَنَ سياقَةٍ أولَى بأَن تَكونَ مَحفوظَة، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٧٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ ابنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيانَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n٦٧٢٦ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال سفيانُ: وزادَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وخَمِّروا وجهَه ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه، ولا تُمِسّوه طِيبًا؛ فإنَّه يُبعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبّيًا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٤١)، والنسائى (٢٨٥٦) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ١٠٢) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٠٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٧٠، ورواية ابن المدينى تقدمت في (٦٧١٢).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٠٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٥) عن سفيان به.","vol":"7","page":221},{"text":"٦٧٢٧ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وأخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ ﵁ صَنَعَ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٦٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيْثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الوَليدِ جَدَّ أيّوبَ بنِ سلَمةَ توُفِّىَ بالسُّقْيا (^٢) زَمَنَ عثمانَ ابنِ عَفّانَ ﵁ وهو مُحرِمٌ فلَم يُخَمِّرْ رأسَه (^٣).\n\n٦٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا هَيثَمٌ (^٤) يَعنِى ابنَ جَميلٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: إذا ماتَ المُحرِمُ لَم يُغَطَّ رأسُه حَتَّى يَلقَى اللهَ مُحرِمًا.\n\n٦٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلْخِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَمِّروا وُجوهَ مَوتاكُم، ولا تَشَبهوا بيَهودَ\" (^٥). وهَذا إن صَحَّ يَشهَدُ لِرِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي حُرَّةَ في الأمرِ بتَخميرِ الوَجهِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٠٣)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٢) السقيا: قرية في الطريق بين مكة والمدينة. معجم ما استعجم ٣/ ٧٤٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حزم في حجة الوداع ص ٢٧٢، ٢٧٣ عن الزهري به.\n(^٤) في الاصل: \"هشيم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٤٦٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٤٣٦)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن صالح به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٢٤، ٢٥: رجاله ثقات.","vol":"7","page":222},{"text":"٦٧٣١ - إلَّا أنَّ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظَ وأَبا سعيدِ ابنَ أبى عمرٍو أخبَرانا أنَّ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ حَدَّثَهُما، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا بَعضُ الكوفيّينَ وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ بمِثلِه، قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فحَدَّثتُ به أبي، فأَنكَرَه وقالَ: هَذا أخطأَ فيه حَفصٌ فرَفَعَه. وحَدَّثَنِى عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ مُرسَلًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مُرسَلًا (^٢)، ورُوىَ عن علىِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ كما رَواه حَفصٌ (^٣)، وهو وهْمٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1471>بابٌ (^٤): لا يُتبَعُ المَيِّتُ بنارٍ</span>\n\n٦٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارود بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ (^٥) المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو داودَ يَعنِي الطَّيالِسِىَّ قالا: حدثنا حَربُ ابنُ شَدّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِي بابُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لاتُتبَعَنَّ الجِنازَةُ بصَوتٍ\n_________\n(^١) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٢٧٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٤٦٣٤) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩٦ من طريق على بن عاصم به.\n(^٤) من هنا يبدأ الجزء الرابع من النسخة \"س\".\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"أبو\".","vol":"7","page":223},{"text":"ولا نارٍ\". زادَ هارونُ: \"ولا يُمشَى بَينَ يَدَيها\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: يُريدُ به واللهُ أعلَمُ: ولا يُمشَي بَينَ يَدَيها بنارٍ كما لا تُتْبَعُ بنارٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: قَرأتُ على فُضيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبي حَريزٍ، أنَّ أبا بُردَة حَدَّثَه قال: أوصَى أبو موسَى حينَ حَضَرَه المَوتُ قال: إذا انطَلَقتُم بجِنازَتِي فأَسرِعوا بىَ المَشىَ، ولا تَتْبَعونِي بمِجمَرٍ (^٣)، ولا تَجعَلُنَّ على لَحدِى شَيئًا يَحولُ بَينِى وبَينَ التُّرابِ، ولا تَجعَلُنَّ على قَبرِي بناءً، وأُشهِدُكُم أنِّي بَرِئٌ مِن كُلِّ حالِقَةٍ أو سالِقَةٍ أو خارِقَةٍ (^٤). قالوا له: سَمِعتَ فيه شَيئًا؟ قال: نَعَم مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وفِي وصيَّةِ عائشةَ (^٦) وعُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٣١) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٦: هذا خلاف ظاهره، ولا يصح، ففيه مجهولان.\n(^٣) المجمر: الآلة التي يوقد فيها الطيب. ينظر شرح سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ١٠٧.\n(^٤) الحالقة: التى تحلق شعرها، والسالقة: التى تصرخ عند المصيبة، والسلق والصلق: الصوت الشديد، والخارقة: التى تخرق ثوبها. الفائق في غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٤٨٧) من طريق المعتمر به. قال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٥٢٩): هذا إسناد حسن.\n(^٦) ينظر طبقات ابن سعد ٨/ ٧٤، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٢٧٥).\n(^٧) ينظر الزهد لهناد (٧٨٥)، ووصايا العلماء لابن زبر ص ٤٩، ٥٠، والشعب للمصنف (٩٦٨٣).","vol":"7","page":224},{"text":"وأَبِى هريرةَ (^١) وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ (^٢) وأَسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ (^٣) -﵃- ألَّا يُتبَعوا بنارٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1472>بابُ مَن رأى شَيئًا مِنَ المَيِّتِ فكَتَمَه ولَم يَتَحَدَّثْ بهِ</span>\n\n٦٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى شُرَحبيلُ بنُ شَريكٍ، عن عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ اللَّخمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رافِعٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن غَسَلَ مُسلِمًا فكَتَمَ عَلَيه غَفَرَ اللهُ له أربَعينَ مَرَّةً، ومَن حَفَرَ له فأَجَنَّه (^٤) أُجرِىَ عَلَيه كأَجرِ مَسكَنٍ أسكَنَه إيّاه إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَن كَفَّنَه كَساه اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن سُندُسِ وإستَبرَقِ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1473>بابُ مَن يَكونُ أولَى بغَسلِ المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n٦٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ العباسِ ابنِ الفَضلِ بنِ الحارِثِ العَقَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائِنِيُّ، حدثنا سَوادَةُ بنُ سلَمةَ بنِ نُبَيطٍ، عن أبيه سلَمةَ بنِ نُبَيطٍ، عن نُبَيطِ بنِ شَريطٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (٦٩٢٦).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٠٣).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (٦٧٨٥).\n(^٤) أى: قَبَره. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٠٧.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٨١). وأخرجه الطبراني (٩٢٩) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٧: إسناده جيد من \"جزء الترقفى\".","vol":"7","page":225},{"text":"سالِمِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الأشجَعِيَّ قال: لمَّا ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان مِن أجزَعِ النّاسِ كُلِّهِم عَلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ ﵁. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فقالوا يَعنِى لأبِي بكرٍ ﵁: يا صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ، أماتَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالو ا: يا صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَن يَغسِلُهُ؟ قال: رِجالُ أهلِ بَيتِه الأدنَى فالأدنَى. قالوا: يا صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ فأَينَ نَدفِنُهُ (^١)؟ قال: ادفِنوه في البُقعَةِ التى قَبَضه اللهُ فيها؛ لَم يَقبِضْه إلَّا في أحَبِّ البِقاعِ إلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عليٍّ أبا جَعفَرٍ قال: غُسِلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ثَلاثًا بالسِّدرِ، وغُسِلَ وعَلَيه قَميصٌ، وغُسِلَ مِن بئرٍ يُقالَ له: الغَرسُ بقُباءٍ كانَت لِسَعدِ بنِ خَيثَمَةَ، وكانَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يشرَبُ مِنها، ووَلِيَ سَفِلَتَه عليٌّ والفَضلُ مُحتَضِنُه، والعباسُ يَصُبُّ الماءَ، فجَعَلَ الفَضلُ يقولُ: أرِحْنى قَطَعتَ وتينِى (^٣)، إنِّى لأجِدُ شَيئًا يَتَرَطَّلُ عَلَيَّ (^٤).\n\n٦٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣، م: \"تدفنه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٣٦٥ - منتخب)، والترمذى في الشمائل (٣٧٩)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧١١٩)، وابن ماجه (١٢٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٥٤١) من طريق سلمة بن نبيط عن نعيم عن نبيط به مطولا. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٨: سلمة فيه لين، وسالم له في \"مسند أحمد\". وسيأتى في (٦٩٨٧).\n(^٣) الوتين: عرق في القلب إذا انقطع مات صاحبه. ينظر العين ٨/ ١٣٦، والنهاية ٥/ ١٥٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٠٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٠٢٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"7","page":226},{"text":"ابنِ أبي عثمانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ أبي مُطيعٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ولِىَ غَسلَ مَيِّتٍ فأَدَّى فيه الأمانَةَ- يَعنِى يَستُرُ ما يَكونُ عِندَ ذَلِكَ- كان مِن ذُنوبِه كَيَومِ ولَدَته أُمُّه\". قالَت: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ليَليه (^١) أقرَبُكُم مِنه إن كان يَعلَمُ، فإِن كان لا يَعلَمُ فرَجُلٌ مِمَّن تَدرونَ أنَّ عِندَه ورَعًا وأَمانَةً\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1474>باب الرَّجُلُ يَغسِلُ امرَأته إذا ماتَت</span>\n\n٦٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحُسَينُ بنُ أبي مَعشَرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ بحَرّانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ هِشامٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن الزّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ مِن جِنازَةٍ بالبَقيعِ وأَنا أجِدُ صُداعًا في رأسِي وأَنا أقولُ: وارأسأهُ. قال: \"بَل أنا يا عائشةُ وارأساهُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"وما ضَرَّكِ لَو مِتِّ قَبلِى فغَسَلتُكِ وكَفَّنتُكِ وصَلَّيتُ عَلَيكِ ثُمَّ دَفَنتُكِ؟ \". قُلتُ: لَكأَنِّي بكَ واللَّهِ لَو فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ، قَد رَجَعتَ إلَى بَيتِى فأَعرَستَ فيه ببَعضِ نِسائِكَ. فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وفى المهذب: \"ليله\". وتقدم التعليق على مثله في (٥٢٢٧)، ويخرج على أوجه منها أن يكون أجرى المعتل مجرى الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٨١) من طريق سلام به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٨: هذا حديث منكر، سمعه إبراهيم بن الحجاج من سلام، وجابر الجعفى واه.","vol":"7","page":227},{"text":"ثُمَّ بُدِئَ في مَرَضِه الذِى ماتَ فيهِ (^١).\n\n٦٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ موسَى المَخزومِيُّ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أُمِّه أُمِّ جَعفَرٍ بنتِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أظُنُّه، وعن عُمارَةَ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، عن أُمِّ جَعفَرٍ أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَت: يا أسماءُ إذا أنا مِتُّ فاغسِلينِى أنتِ وعَلِيُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ. فغَسَلَها عليٌّ وأَسماءُ ﵄ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، [أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ] (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرِ بنِ يوسُفَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِي ابنَ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِيَّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ موسَى، عن عَونِ بنِ محمدٍ الهاشِمِيِّ، عن أُمِّه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أوصَت أن يَغْسِلَها زَوجُها عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ ﵁، فغَسَلَها هو وأَسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٧٤١ - ورَواه الدَّراوَردِيُّ عن محمدِ بنِ موسَى، عن عَونِ بنِ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٠٨)، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (١٤٦٥)، وابن حبان (٦٥٨٦) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وتقدم في (٦٦٤٢)، وسيأتي في (١٦٦٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ٤٣ من طريق قتيبة به. وأخرجه الدولابى في الذرية الطاهرة (٢١٤) من طريق محمد بن موسى به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٩: فيه انقطاع. وسيأتي مطولا في (٧٠١١).\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٩ من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به.","vol":"7","page":228},{"text":"ابنِ علىٍّ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، أنَّ أُمَّ جَعفَرٍ بنتَ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ قالَت: حَدَّثَتنِى أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ قالَت: غَسَلتُ أنا وعَلِيٌّ ﵁ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. حدثناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ موسَى. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٦٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ المُهاجِرِ البَجَلِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ ﵁ غَسَلَ امرأَتَه حينَ ماتَت (^٢).\n\n٦٧٤٣ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، أنَّه غَسَلَ امرأَتَه حينَ ماتَت (^٣).\nورُوّينا في غَسلِ الزَّوجِ امرأَتَه عن عَلقَمَةَ (^٤) وجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٥) وأَبِي قِلابَةَ وغَيرِهِم مِنَ التّابِعينَ، [ورُوى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مسعودٍ أنَّه غَسَلَ امرأتَه حينما ماتت بإسنادٍ ضعيفٍ] (^٦). ورُوىَ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٧٦)، والحاكم ٣/ ١٦٣، ١٦٤، وعنده: وعمارة. بدلًا من: عن عمارة، وزوجة. بدلًا من: بنت.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في العلل (٤٨١٨) من طريق علي بن ثابت به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٧٩).\n(^٤) ينظر مسائل أحمد رواية ابنه صالح (١٠٥٣).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦١٢١).\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"سقط من أصل المؤلف\". والصواب بحذفه فقد تقدم.","vol":"7","page":229},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الرَّجُلُ أحَقُّ بغَسلِ امرأَتِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1475>بابُ غسلِ المرأَةِ زَوجَها</span>\n\n٦٧٤٤ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُستَةَ، حدثنا أبو أيّوبَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المِنقَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: توُفِّىَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- لَيلَةَ الثُّلاثاءِ لِثَمانٍ بَقِينَ مِن جُمادَى الأولَى (^٢) سنةَ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وأَوصَى أن تَغْسِلَه أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ امرأتُه، وإِنَّها ضَعُفَت فاستَعانَت بعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣). وهَذا الحَديثُ المَوصولُ وإِن كان راويه محمدَ بنَ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىَّ صاحِبَ \"التاريخ\" و\"المغازى\" ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤) فلَه شَواهِدُ مَراسيلُ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ وعن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أنَّ أسماءَ بنتَ عُمَيسٍ غَسَلَت زَوجَها أبا بكرٍ -﵁-، وذَكَرَ بَعضُهُم أنَ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- أوصَى بذَلِكَ (^٥).\n\n٦٧٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٧٧) من طريق حجاج به. وعبد الرزاق (٦١٢٢) من طريق داود بن الحصين به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٩: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الآخرة\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٦٣.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٦٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١١٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٧٠) عن ابن أبى مليكة به. وابن سعد ٣/ ٢٠٣ عن عطاء دون ذكر سعد بن إبراهيم.","vol":"7","page":230},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأزدِىُّ (^١)، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قولُ: \"رَحِمَ اللَّهُ رَجُلًا (^٢) غَسَلَته امرأَتُه، وكُفِّنَ فى أخلاقه (^٣) \". قالَت: ففُعِلَ ذَلِكَ بأَبِى بكرٍ؛ غَسَلَته امرأَتُه أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ الأشجَعيَّةُ، وكُفِّنَ فى ثيابِه التى كان يَبتَذِلُها (^٤). هَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٦٧٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لَو كُنتُ استَقبَلتُ مِنَ الأمرِ ما استَدبَرتُ ما غَسَلَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- غَيرُ نِسائِهِ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فتَلهَّفَتْ على ذَلِكَ، ولا يُتَلَهَّفُ إلَّا على ما يَجوزُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1476>بابُ المُسلِمِ يَغْسِلُ ذا قَرابَتِه مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، ويَتبَعُ جِنازَتَه، ويَدفِنُه، ولا يُصَلِّى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٢٩: تركوه.\n(^٢) فى م: \"امرأ\".\n(^٣) الأخلاق: جمع خَلَق، وهو الثوب البالى. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٢٤.\n(^٤) عزاه السيوطى فى الجامع الصغير (٤٤٣٢) للمصنف.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٦٤) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وأحمد (٢٦٣٠٦)، وأبو داود (٣٠٤١) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وتقدم فى (٦٦٩٥، ٦٦٩٦).","vol":"7","page":231},{"text":"شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن ناجيَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: إنَّ عَمَّكَ الشيخَ الضّالَّ قَد ماتَ. يَعنِى أباه، قال: \"اذهَبْ فوارِه، ولا تُحدِثَنَّ حَدَثا حَتَّى تأتيَنِى\". فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ له، فأَمَرَنِى فاغتَسَلتُ، ثُمَّ دَعا لِى بدَعَواتٍ ما يَسُرُّنِى ما على الأرضِ بهِنَّ مِن شئٍ. (^١).\n\n٦٧٤٨ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن بَقيَّةَ، وعن محمدِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبى المُغيرَةِ، كِلاهُما عن صَفوانَ، عن أبى اليَمانِ الهَوزَنِيِّ قال: لما توُفِّىَ أبو طالِبٍ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعارِضُ جِنازَتَه -قال ابنُ عَوفٍ: فجَعَلَ يَمشِى مُجانِبًا لَها- ويَقولُ: \"بَرَّتكَ رَحِمٌ وجُزيتَ خَيرًا\". وَلَم يَقُمْ على قَبرِه. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٦٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى سِنانٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنَّ أبى ماتَ نَصرانيًّا. فقالَ: اغسِلْه وكَفِّنْه وحَنِّطْه، ثُمَّ ادفِنْه. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢١٤)، والنسائى (٢٠٠٥) من طريق سفيان به، وتقدم فى (١٤٦٧). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٥٣).\n(^٢) المراسيل (٤٢٥).\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"البصروى\".","vol":"7","page":232},{"text":"يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى﴾ (^١) الآية [التوبة. ١١٣].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1477>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ الغُسلَ مِن غَسلِ المَيِّتِ </span>(^٢)\n\n٦٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ بلالٍ، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لَيسَ عَلَيكُم فى مَيِّتِكُم غُسلٌ إذا غَسَلتُموه (^٣).\nورُوّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن عَطاءٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤). ورُوّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا: \"لا تُنَجِّسوا مَوتاكم؛ فإِنَّ المُسلِمَ لَيسَ بنَجِسٍ حَيًّا ولا مَيِّتًا\" (^٥). ورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ مَسعودٍ وعائشَةَ (^٦)، وقَد مَضى جَميعُ ذَلِكَ فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1478>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَموتُ مَعَ الرِّجالِ لَيسَ مَعَهُمُ امرأةٌ</span>\n\n٦٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سنن سعيد بن منصور (١٠٣٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٩٣٧) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣٠: بعض العلماء صحح حديث: \"من غسل ميتا فليغتسل\". ا هـ. قلت: وتقدم الحديث عند المصنف (١٤٤٧ - ١٤٥٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٤٧٦).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٤٧٤، ١٤٧٥).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٤٧٨).\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٨٠، ١٤٨١، ١٤٨٣ - ١٤٨٥، ١٤٨٧).","vol":"7","page":233},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عَيّاشٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ أبى سَهلٍ، عن مَكحولٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ماتَتِ المَرأَةُ مَعَ الرِّجالِ لَيسَ مَعَهُمُ امرأَةٌ غَيرُها، والرَّجُلُ مَعَ النِّساءِ لَيسَ مَعَهُنَّ رَجُلٌ غَيرُه، فإِنُّهُما يُيَمَّمانِ (^١) ويُدفنانِ، وهُما بمَنزِلةِ مَن لا يَجِدُ الماءَ\" (^٢). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\nورُوِىَ عن سِنانِ بنِ عَرَفَةَ (^٣) عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى الرَّجُلِ يَموتُ مَعَ النِّساءِ والمَرأَةِ تَموتُ مَعَ الرِّجالِ لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما مَحرَمًا (^٤): يُيَمَّمانِ (^٥) بالصَّعيدِ ولا يُغْسَلانِ\" (^٦).\n\n٦٧٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ فى المَرأَةِ تَموتُ مَعَ الرِّجالِ لَيسَ مَعَهُمُ امرأَةٌ قال: تُرمَسُ (^٧) فى ثيابِها (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يتيممان\".\n(^٢) المراسيل (٤١٤). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣١: محمد مجهول. قال الجارى: لا يتابع عليه. ثم قال الذهبى: ومراسيل مكحول لا شئ.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س: \"عرفة\". ونقل ابن حجر عن ابن فتحون: رأيته فى نسخة من \"كتاب ابن السكن\" بكسر المهملة وسكون الراء بعدها قاف. الإصابة ٤/ ٤٨٣.\n(^٤) كذا فى النسخ، بالنصب، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٣، م: \"يتيممان\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٤٩٧) من حديث سنان، وعنه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٣٦٣٥). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣١: لم يصح.\n(^٧) يقال: رمست الشئ: إذا واريته بالتراب. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٣/ ١٢١.\n(^٨) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٦٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"7","page":234},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: تُيَمَّمُ بالصَّعيدِ (^١). وعن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ: يُصبُّ عَلَيها الماءُ مِن فوقِ الثّيابِ (^٢). وكَذا قال عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٦٤).\n(^٢) ينظر المحلى ٥/ ٢٥٩، ٢٦٠ من طريق عبد الرزاق عن الحسن. وعند عبد الرزاق فى المصنف (٦١٢٩) عن الحسن: تدفن كما هى.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٦٧).","vol":"7","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1479>جماعُ أبوابِ عَدَدِ الكَفَنِ، وكَيفَ الحَنوطُ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1480>بابُ السُّنَّةِ فى تَكفيِن الرَّجُلِ فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ لَيس فيهِنَّ قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ</span>\n\n٦٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ المُلائىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ جَميعًا عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كُفنَ فى ثَلائَةِ أثوابٍ بيضٍ سَحوليَّةٍ (^١) لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ. لَفظُ حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢)، وفِي رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ قالَت: كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ سُحولٍ (^٣) كُرسُفٍ (^٤) لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وعن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٧٥٤ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ\n_________\n(^١) سحولية: منسوبة إلى سحول قرية باليمن. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٧/ ٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٠٨٠). والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٢٣، ومن طريقه النسائى (١٨٩٧).\n(^٣) فى م: \"سحولية\".\n(^٤) الكرسف: القطن. صحح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٨.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٧١، ١٢٧٣).","vol":"7","page":236},{"text":"ابنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كُفَّنَ فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ سَحوليَّةٍ بيضٍ، لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٦٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: لما اشتَدَّ مَرَضُ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- بَكَيتُ، وأُغمِىَ عَلَيه، فقُلتُ:\nمَن لا يَزالُ دَمعُه مُقَنَّعًا ... فإِنه فى (^٣) مَرَّةٍ مَدفوقُ (^٤)\nقالَت: فأَفاقَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقالَ: لَيسَ كما قُلتِ يا بُنَيَّةُ ولَكِن: ﴿وَجَاءَتْ سَكْرَةُ الْمَوْتِ بِالْحَقِّ ذَلِكَ مَا كُنْتَ مِنْهُ تَحِيدُ﴾ [ق: ١٩]. ثُمَّ قال: أىَّ يَومٍ توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: فقُلتُ: [يَومَ الاثنَينِ. قالَت: فقالَ] (^٥): فأَىُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ قُلتُ: يَومُ الاثنَينِ. قال: فإِنِّى أرجو مِنَ اللَّهِ ما بَينِى وبَينَ اللَّيلِ. قالَت: فماتَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٦٩٢٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٠/ ...).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"مدفوف\"، وفى ص ٣: \"مدفون\". ومعنى مقنعا: أى محبوسا فى جوفه، والمعنى أنه لا بد أن يبرزه البكاء. ينظر الفائق فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٣٠، ٢٣١.\n(^٥) سقط من: الأصل.","vol":"7","page":237},{"text":"لَيلَةَ الثُّلاثاءِ، فدُفِنَ قَبلَ أن يُصبحَ. قالَت: وقالَ: في كَم كَفَّنتُم رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَت: كُنّا كَفَّنَّاه فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ سَحوليَّةٍ جُدُدٍ بيضٍ لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ. قالَت: فقالَ لِي: اغسِلو ا ثَوبِى هَذا -وبِه رَدْعُ (^١) زَعفَرانٍ أو مِشقٍ (^٢) - واجعَلوا مَعَه ثَوبَينِ جَديدَينِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فقُلتُ: إنَّه خَلَقٌ. فقالَ لَها: الحَىُّ أحوَجُ إلَى الجَديدِ مِنَ المَيِّتِ؛ إنَّما هو لِلمُهْلَةِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ بمَعناه مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ عن هِشامٍ، دونَ ما فى صَدرِه مِن بُكاءِ عائشةَ وقَولِها وقِراءَتِه الآيَةَ (^٤).\n\n٦٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلَمةَ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ: فى كَم كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ سَحوليَّةٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الردع: هو أثر الزعفران. ينظر فتح البارى ٩/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٢) المشق: بكسر الميم، وقيل: بفتحها. طين أحمر يصبغ به الثوب. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٣٩٥ (م ش ق).\n(^٣) قال القاضى عياض: رويناه بضم الميم وكسرها وفتحها، ... قال الأصمعى: المهلة بالفتح الصديد وحكى الخليل فيه الكسر، وقال ابن هشام: المهل بالضم صديد الجسد .. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٩. والحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (١٠٣) من طريق أنس بن عياض به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٠٥) من طريق هشام به بمعناه دون صدر الحديث، وابن حبان (٣٠٣٦) من طريق عروة به مختصرًا. وسيأتى فى (٦٩٩٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٨٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٥) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٤١/ ٤٧).","vol":"7","page":238},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1481>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى يُخالِفُ ما رُوّينا فى كَفَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ</span>-\n\n٦٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ نَجرانيَّةٍ؛ الحُلَّةُ ثَوبانِ، وقَميصُه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه. [وقالَ عثمانُ: فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ؛ حُلَّةٌ حَمراءُ، وقَميصُه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه -ﷺ-] (^١). هَكَذا رَواه يَزيدُ ابنُ أبى زيادٍ عن مِقسَمٍ، وبِمَعناه رَواه الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n٦٧٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُفِّنَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى ثَوبَينِ أبيَضَينِ وبُردِ حِبَرَةٍ (^٣). كَذا رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى (^٤).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- مُرسَلًا:\n\n٦٧٥٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣١٥٣)، وأحمد (١٩٤٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٧١) من طريق ابن إدريس به. وليس عند ابن ماجه قول عثمان. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣٢: يزيد فيه لين، ومقسم صدوق، ضعفه ابن حزم.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦١٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٦١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣٢: وليس بقوى.","vol":"7","page":239},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ؛ ثَوبَينِ صُحاريَّينِ (^١) وبُردِ حِبَرَةٍ أُدرجَ (^٢) فيها إدراجًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1482>بابُ بَيانِ عائشةَ -﵂- سَبَبَ (^٤) الاشتِباهِ فى ذَلِكَ على غَيِرها</span>\n\n٦٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ بيضٍ سَحوليَّةٍ مِن كُرسُفٍ، لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ، فأَمّا الحُفَةُ فإِنَّما شُبِّهَ على النّاسِ فيها أنَّها اشتُريَت له حُلَّةٌ ليُكَفَّنَ فيها، فتُرِكَتِ الحُلَّةُ، فأَخَذَها عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ فقالَ: لأحبِسَنَّها لِنَفسِى حَتَّى أُكَفَّنَ فيها. ثُمَّ قال: لَو رَضِيَها اللَّهُ ﷿ لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ- لَكَفَّنَه فيها. فباعَها\n_________\n(^١) صحار: قرية باليمن نسب الثوب إليها، وقيل: هى من الصُّحرة، وهى حمرة خفية كالغُبرة. النهاية ٣/ ١٢.\n(^٢) أدرج: أى لُفَّ. عون المعبود ٣/ ١٦٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود عقب (٥١٧) من طربق ابن إسحاق به. وعبد الرزاق (٦١٦٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١١٧٥) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) فى ص ٣، م: \"بسبب\".","vol":"7","page":240},{"text":"وتَصَدَّقَ بثَمَنِها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nورَواه أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ بإِسنادِه: قالَت: كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى بُردَينِ حِبَرَةٍ كانا لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، ولُفَّ فيهِما ثُمَّ نُزِعا عنه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣)، وفيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ إنَّما أمسَكَهُما لِنَفسِه لأنَّهُما كانا له، ورِوايَةُ علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ عن هِشامٍ أيضًا تَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ:\n\n٦٧٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أُدرجَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى حُلَّةٍ يَمَنيَّةٍ كانَت لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، ثُمَّ نُزِعَت عنه، وكُفِّنَ فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ سَحوليَّةٍ يَمانيَةٍ لَيسَ فيها عِمامَةٌ ولا قَميصٌ، فرَفَعَ عبدُ اللَّهِ الحُلَّةَ وقالَ: أُكَفَّنُ فيها. ثُمَّ قال: لم يُكَفَّنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأُكَفَّنُ فيها؟! فتَصدَّقَ بها (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٧٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ وأبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ وابنُ إدريسَ وعَبْدَةُ ووَكيعٌ، كُلُّهُم عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إسحاق (٧٧٠)، وأبو يعلى (٤٤٠٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤١/ ٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٢٤٧، ٢٤٨ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٦٢٩) من طريق على بن مسهر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٤١/ ٤٦).","vol":"7","page":241},{"text":"هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ -وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن هِشامٍ- عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كُفِّنَ فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ بيضٍ يَمانيَةٍ، لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ. قال: فقيلَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: إنَّهُم يَزعُمونَ أنَّه قَد كان كُفِّنَ فى بُردِ حِبَرَةٍ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: قَد جاءوا ببُردِ حِبَرَةٍ ولَم يُكَفِّنوه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أُدرجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَوبِ حِبَرَةٍ، ثُمَّ أُخِّرَ عَنه. قال القاسِمُ: إنَّ بَقايا ذَلِكَ الثَّوبِ عِندَنا بَعدُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فالَّذِى باعَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ وتَصَدَّقَ بثَمَنِه هو الحُلَّةُ، والحُلَّةُ عِندَهُم ثَوبانِ، والَّذِى قال القاسِمُ: إنَّ بَقاياه عِندَنا. هو الثَّوبُ الثّالِثُ ائَذِى زَعَموا أنَّه كُفِّنَ فيها وفيه، فبَيَّنَت عائشَةُ -﵂- بَيانًا شافيًا أنَّه أُتِىَ بالثَّوبَينِ اللَّذَينِ كانوا يُسَمّونَهُما حُلَّةً وبِبُردِ حِبَرَةٍ فلَم يُكَفَّنْ فيها، وكُفِّنَ\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١١٤٦) عن حفص وحده به، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٤٦٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٥٢)، والترمذى (٩٩٦)، والنسائى (١٨٩٨) من طريق حفص به. وأحمد (٢٤١٢٢) عن سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٥٣٢٣) عن ابن إدريس به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٨٠) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤١/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٨٠)، وعنه أبو داود (٣١٤٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧١١٨)، وابن حبان (٦٦٢٦) من طريق الوليد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٠١).","vol":"7","page":242},{"text":"فى ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ بيضٍ كُرسُفٍ لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1483>بابُ الدَّليلِ على جَوازِ التَّكفيِن فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n٦٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن خَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ قال: هاجَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ نَبتَغِى وجهَ اللَّهِ، فوَجَبَ أجرُنا على اللَّهِ، فمِنّا مَن مَضَى لَم يأكُلْ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا، مِنهُم مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ فلَم يوجَدْ له شَيءٌ يُكَفَّنُ فيه إلَّا نَمِرَةٌ، فكُنّا إذا وضَعناها على رأسِه خَرَجَت رِجلاه، وإِذا وضَعناها على رِجلَيه خَرَجَ رأسُه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ضَعوها ممّا يَلِى رأسَه، واجعَلوا على رِجلَيه مِنَ الإذخِرِ (^١) \". قال: ومِنّا مَن أينَعَت له ثَمَرَتُه فهو يَهدِبُها (^٢) (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الإذخر: نبات معروف ذكى الريح، وإذا جف ابيضَّ. المصباح المنير ص ٧٩ (ذ خ ر).\n(^٢) يهدبها: يجنيها. النهاية ٥/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٥٨) عن أبى معاوية به. والبخارى (٦٤٤٨)، ومسلم (٩٤٠/ ٠٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٧٦)، والترمذى (٣٨٥٣)، والنسائى (١٩٠٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٤٠/ ٤٤)، والبخارى (١٢٧٦، ٣٨٩٧).","vol":"7","page":243},{"text":"٦٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ أُتِىَ بطَعامٍ وكانَ صائمًا، فقالَ: قُتِلَ مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ وهو خَيرٌ مِنِّى وكُفِّنَ فى بُردَةٍ إن غُطَىَ رأسُه بَدَتْ رِجلاه، وإِن غُطِّىَ رِجلاه بَدا رأسُه -قال: وأُراه قال: وقُتِلَ حَمزَةُ وهو خَيرٌ مِنِّى- ثُمَّ بُسِطَ لَنا مِنَ الدُّنيا -أو قال: أُعطينا مِنَ الدُّنيا ما أُعطينا- وقَد خَشِينا أن تكونَ حَسَناتُنا عُجِّلَت لَنا. وجَعَلَ يَبكِى حَتَّى تَرَكَ الطَّعامَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ قال: أنبأَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّبَيرِ قال: لَمّا انصرَفَ المُشرِكونَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ جَلَسَ النَبِىُّ -ﷺ- ناحيَةً، وجاءَتِ امرأةٌ تَؤُمُّ (^٣) القَتلَى، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"المَرأَةَ المَرأَةَ\". فلَمّا تَوَسَّمتُها (^٤) إذا هِىَ أُمِّى\n_________\n(^١) الجهاد لابن المبارك (٩٦). وأخرجه البخارى (١٢٧٤) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٧٥، ٤٠٤٥).\n(^٣) تؤم: تقصد. المصباح المنير ص ٩ (أ م م).\n(^٤) توسمتها: نظرتها واستقصيت وجوه معرفنها. التاج ٣٤/ ٤٦ (وس م).","vol":"7","page":244},{"text":"صَفيَّةُ، فقُلتُ: يا أُمَّه ارجِعِى. فلَدَمَتْ (^١) فى صَدرِى وقالَت: لا أرضَ لَكَ. فقُلتُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعزِمُ عَلَيكِ. قال: فأَعطَتنِى ثَوبَينِ فقالَت: كَفِّنوا فى هَذَينِ أخِى. قال: فوَجَدنا إلَى جَنب حَمزَةَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ لَيسَ له كَفَنٌ، فوَجَدنا فى أنفُسِنا غَضاضَةً أن نُكَفِّنَ حَمزَةَ فى ثَوبَينِ والأنصارِىُّ إلَى جَنبِه لَيسَ له كَفَنٌ. قال: فأَقرَعنا بَينَهُما فى أجوَدِ الثَّوبَينِ، فكَفَنَّا كُل واحِدٍ مِنهُما فى الثَّوبِ الَّذِى طارَ لَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1484>بابُ جَوازِ التَّكفينِ فى القَميصِ وإن كُنّا نَختارُ ما اختيرَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ</span>-\n\n٦٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: أتَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبرَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَىٍّ بَعدَ ما أُدخِلَ حُفرَتَه، فأَمَرَ به فأُخرِجَ، فوَضَعَه على رُكبَتَيه أو فخِذَيه، فنَفَثَ عَلَيه مِن ريقِه، وأَلبَسَه قَميصَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) لدمت: ضربت. التاج ٣٣/ ٤١٣ (ل د م).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٧٥)، والنسائى (١٩٠٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢٧٠، ١٣٥٠، ٥٧٩٥)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٣/ ٢).","vol":"7","page":245},{"text":"٦٧٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: لَمّا كان العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ بالمَدينَةِ طَلَبَت له الأنصارُ ثَوبًا يَكسونَه، فلَم يَجِدوا قَميصًا يَصلُحُ عَلَيه إلَّا قَميصَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَىٍّ، فكَسَوه إيّاه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ المُسنَدِىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢)، وقَد قيلَ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَصَدَ بما فعَلَ مُكافأتَه بما صَنَعَ، واللّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وزادَ: قال سفيانُ: فلعلَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- جازاه بذَلِكَ القَميصِ.\n\n٦٧٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لما توُفِّىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُبَىٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ جاءَ ابنُه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسأَلَه أن يُعطيَه قَميصَه يُكَفِّنُ فيه أباه فأَعطاه، ثُمَّ سأَلَه أن يُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ليُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه، فقامَ عُمَرُ فأَخَذَ بثَوبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أتُصلِّى عَلَيه وقَد نَهاكَ اللَّهُ أن تُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما خَيَّرَنِى اللَّهُ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر ابن البخترى فى مجموعه (٤٩٨). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٠١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٠٨).","vol":"7","page":246},{"text":"﴿اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٨٠] وسأَزيدُ على سَبعينَ\". قال: إنَّه مُنافِقٌ. قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ﴾ (^١) الآية [التوبة: ٨٤]. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى موسَى وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n٦٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه قال: المَيِّتُ يُقَمَّصُ ويُؤَزَّرُ ويُلَفُّ بالثَّوبِ الثّالِثِ، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ إلّا ثَوبٌ واحِدٌ كُفِّنَ فيهِ (^٣). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ.\nورُوّينا عن نافِعٍ أنَّ ابنًا لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ ماتَ، فكَفَّنَه ابنُ عُمَرَ فى خَمسَةِ أثوابٍ؛ عِمامَةٌ وقَميصٌ وثُلاثُ لَفائفَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1485>بابُ استِحبابِ البَياضِ فى الكَفَنِ</span>\nقَد مَضى فى هَذا البابِ حَديثُ عائشةَ -﵂- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٨٠)، والترمذى (٣٠٩٨، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٢٠٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٥٢٣) من طريق يحيى به. والبخارى (٤٦٧٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٠٠/ ٢٥) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٦٩)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٤/ ٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٢٢٤، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٦١٨٨).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦١٨٠ - ٦١٨٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١١٦٠).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٦٧٥٣ - ٦٧٥٥).","vol":"7","page":247},{"text":"٦٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ والحَكَمِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبى شَبيبٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"البَسُوا الثّيابَ البِيضَ (^١)؛ فإنَّها أطيَبُ وأَطهَرُ، وكَفِّنوا فيها مَوتاكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٦٧٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"عَلَيكُم بالبَياضِ فليَلبَسْه أحياؤُكُم، وكَفِّنوا فيه مَوتاكُم؛ فإِنَّه مِن خَيرِ لِباسِكُم\" (^٣).\nوقَد روِّيناه عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى كِتابِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1486>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ فيه الحِبَرَةَ وما صُبِغَ غَزلُه ثُمَّ نُسِجَ</span>\n\n٦٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٣: \"البياض\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٨٥) من طريق المسعودى به. وأحمد (٢٠١٥٤)، والترمذى (٢٨١٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٦٧) من طريق حبيب به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٦٤٥) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٦٠٣٦).","vol":"7","page":248},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ عَقيلِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، عن أبيه، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا توُفِّىَ أحَدُكُم فوَجَدَ شَيئًا فليُكَفَّنْ فى ثَوبِ حِبَرَةٍ\" (^١).\n\n٦٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن حاتِمِ بنِ أبى نَصرٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ الكَفَنِ الحُلَّة، وخَيرُ الأُضحيَّةِ الكَبشُ الأقرَنُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والحُلَّةُ هِىَ ثَوبانِ أحمَرانِ غالِبًا، والأحاديثُ في أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كُفِّنَ فى ثيابٍ بيضٍ وأَنَّه اسَتَحَبَّ البَياضَ أصَحُّ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1487>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَحسيِن الكَفَنِ</span>\n\n٦٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه خَطَبَ يَومًا وذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِه قُبِضَ فكُفِّنَ فى كَفَنٍ غَيرِ طائلٍ (^٣) وقُبِرَ لَيلًا، فزَجَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يُقبَرَ باللَّيلِ حَتَّى يُصَلَّى عَلَيه، إلَّا أن يُضطَرَّ الانسانُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٥٠). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٠٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣١٥٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣٦: حاتم مجهول.\n(^٣) غير طائل: أي حقير غير كامل الستر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ١١.","vol":"7","page":249},{"text":"إلَى ذَلِكَ، وقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كَفَّنَ أحَدُكُم أخاه فليُحَسِّنْ كَفَنَه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1488>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ تَركَ القَصدِ فيهِ</span>\n\n٦٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ المُحارِبِىُّ، حدثنا عمرو أبو مالكٍ الجَنْبِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: لا يُغالَى فى كَفَنٍ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَغالَوْا فى الكَفَنِ؛ فإِنَّه يُسلَبُ سَلْبًا سَريعًا\" (^٣).\n\n٦٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن صِلَةَ قال: لَمّا حَضَرَ حُذَيفَةَ المَوتُ قال: ابتاعوا لِى كَفَنًا. قال: فأُتِىَ بحُلَّةٍ ثَمَنَ ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ وخَمسينَ دِرهَمًا، فقالَ: لا حاجَةَ لِى بها، اشتَرُوا لِى ثَوبَينِ أبيَضَينِ؛ فإِنَّهُما لَن يُترَكا علَىَّ إلَّا قَليلًا حَتَى أُبَدَّلَ بهِما خَيرًا مِنهُما أو شَرًّا مِنهُما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٨٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٥٤٩)، وعنه أحمد (١٤١٤٥)، وعنه أبو داود (٣١٤٨). وسيأتى فى (٦٩٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣١٥٤). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٣٦: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٢١٠)، والطبرانى (٣٠٠٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٥: رجاله ثقات.","vol":"7","page":250},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1489>بابُ مَنِ استَعَدَّ الكَفَنَ فى حالِ الحَياةِ</span>\n\n٦٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى والمَنيعِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو إبراهيمَ التَّرْجُمانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَرْيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلٍ، أنَّ امرأَةً جاءَت إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ببُردَةٍ [مَنسوجَةٍ مِنها حاشيَتُها، ثُمَّ قال: أتَدرونَ ما البُردَةُ؟ قالوا: الشَّملَةُ. قال: نَعَم] (^١). فقالَت: نَسَجتُ هذه بيَدِى فجِئتُ لأكسُوَكَها. فلَبِسَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُحتاجًا إلَيها، فخَرَجَ وإِنَّها لإِزارُه أو رِداؤُه -شَكَّ أبو إبراهيمَ- فجَسَّها (^٢) فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ -لِرَجُلٍ قَد سَمّاه يَومَئذٍ- فقالَ: ما أحسَنَ هذه البُردَةَ! اكسُنِيها (^٣). قال: \"نَعَم\". فلَمّا دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- طَواها فأَرسَلَ بها إلَيه، فقالَ له القَومُ: واللَّهِ ما أحسَنتَ؛ لَبِسَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُحتاجًا إلَيها، ثُمَّ سأَلتَه إيّاها وقَد عَلِمتَ أنَّه لا يَرُدُّ سائلًا. فقالَ: واللِه ما سأَلتُه إيّاها إلَّا لِتَكونَ كَفَنِى يَومَ أموتُ. قال سَهلٌ: وكانَت كَفَنَه يَومَ ماتَ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، ولَم يَشُكَّ فى الإِزارِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٢) فى الأصل، س، ص ٣: \"فحبسها\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"أكسيتنيها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٥٥) من طريق ابن أبى حازم به. والبخارى (٢٠٩٣)، والنسائى (٥٣٣٦) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٧٧).","vol":"7","page":251},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1490>باب الحَنوطِ للمَيِّتِ</span>\n\n٦٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ وعَمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان واقِفًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعَرَفَةَ فوَقَعَ عن راحِلَتِه. قال أيّوبُ: فوَقَصته. وقالَ عمرٌو: فأَقعَصَته، فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفَّنوه فى ثَوبَينِ، ولا تُحَنِّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يُلَبِّى\". وقالَ عمرٌو: \"مُلَبّيًا\" (^١). قال إسماعيلُ: هَكَذا قال مُسَدَّدٌ، وخالَفَه عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ؛ اتَّفَقا على أنَّ عمرًا قال: \"يُلَبِّى\" وأَنَّ أيّوبَ قال: \"مُلَبّيًا\". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢) وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٣). وفيه دَليلٌ على أنَّ غَيرَ المُحرِمِ يُحَنَّطُ كما يُخَمَّرُ، وأَنَّ النَّهىَ وقَعَ لأجلِ الإحرامِ.\n\n٦٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ (^٤) المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُتَىٍّ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ آدَمَ لما مَرِض مَرَضَه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه قال لِبَنيه: يا بَنِىَّ إنِّى مَريضٌ، وإنِّى أشتَهِى ما يَشتَهِى المَريضُ، وإِنِّى أشتَهِى مِن ثِمارِ الجَنَّةِ، فابغوا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٧١٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٦٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٤)، وتقدم فى (٦٧١٧).\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"رباح\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٣١.","vol":"7","page":252},{"text":"لِى مِن ثِمارِ الجَنَّةِ\". قال: \"فخَرَجوا يَسعَونَ فى الأرضِ، فلَقِيتَهُمُ المَلائكَةُ عِيانًا فقالوا: يا بَنِى آدَمَ أينَ تُريدونَ؟ قالوا: نَبغِى أبانا مِن ثِمارِ الجَنَّةِ. فقالَ: ارجِعوا؛ فقَد أُمِرَ بقَبضِ رُوحِ أبيكُم إلَى الجَنَّةِ\". قال: \"فقَبَضوا رُوحَه وهُم يَنظُرونَ، وكَفَّنوه وحَنَّطوه وهُم يَنظُرونَ، وصَلَّوا عَلَيه وهُم يَنظُرونَ، ثُمَّ قالوا: يا بَنِى آدَمَ، هذه سُنَّتكُم فى مَوتاكُم\" (^١).\nرَفَعَه خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ.\n\n٦٧٨٢ - ووَقَفَه هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ وغَيرُه عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، وزادَ فيه بَعضُهُم: ثُمَّ حَفَروا له (^٢)، ثُمَّ دَفَنوه. وَزادَ: فكَذاكُم فافعَلوا. أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُتَىٌّ السَّعدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: لما احتُضِرَ آدَمُ. فذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٦٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ أملاه عَلَينا، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ شَيبانُ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى بَشيرٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أمِّ سُلَيمٍ أُمِّ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا توُفّيَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٧/ ٤٥٧ من طريق عبد الله بن روح به. والطيالسى (٥٥١) عن خارجة موقوفًا. وسيأتى فى (٧٠٢٠) مرفوعا.\n(^٢) ليس فى: الأصل، ص ٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٣٣ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"7","page":253},{"text":"المَرأَةُ فأَرادوا أن يَغْسِلوها\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، قال: \"ثُمَّ احشِى سَفِلَتَها كُرسُفًا ما استَطَعتِ، ثُمَّ أمِشى كُرسُفَها مِن طِيبِها، ثُمَّ خُذِى سَبَيَّةً (^١) طَويلَةً مَغسولَةً فاربِطيها على عَجُزِها كما يُربَطُ النِّطاقُ (^٢)، ثُمَّ اعقِديها بَينَ فخِذَيها وضُمِّى فخِذَيها، ثُمَّ ألقِى طَرَفَ السَّبَيَّةِ مِن عِندِ عَجُزِها إلَى قَريبٍ مِن رُكبَتَيها فهَذا بَيانُ سَفِلَتِها، ثُمَّ طَيِّبيها وكَفِّنيها\" (^٣).\n\n٦٧٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن قُطبَةَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أجمَرتُمُ المَيِّتَ فأَوتِروا\". ورُوِىَ: \"أجمِروا كَفَنَ المَيِّتِ ثَلاثًا\" (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ وذاكَرتُه يَعنِى هَذا\n_________\n(^١) السبنية: ضرب من الثياب تتخذ من مثاتة الكتان، وهو أغلظ ما يكرن. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤٥٩. وقال ابن الأثير: منسوبة إلى موضع بناحية المغرب يقال له سبن. النهاية ٢/ ٤٧، وينظر التاج ٣٥/ ١٦٥ (س ب ن).\n(^٢) النطاق: أن تشد المرأة ثربها على وسطها بحبل أو شبهه ثم ترسل الأعلى على الأسفل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٥/ ١٢٤ (٣٠٤) من طريق شيبان به. وسيأتى مطولًا فى (٦٨٤٧). وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٢: فيه ليث بن أبى سليم وهو مدلس ولكنه ثقة.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٥، وسقط من مطبوعته: يحيى بن آدم. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٤٠)، وابن حبان (٣٠٣١) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.","vol":"7","page":254},{"text":"الحديثَ، فقالَ يَحيَى: لَم يَرفَعْه إلَّا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ. قال يَحيَى: ولا أظُنُّ ذا الحديثَ إلَّا غَلَطًا (^١).\n\n٦٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت لأهلِها: أجمِروا ثيابِى إذا مِتُّ، ثُمَّ حَنِّطونِى، ولا تَذُرُّوا على كَفَنِى حَنوطًا، ولا تتْبَعونِى بنارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1491>بابُ الكافورِ والمِسكِ لِلحَنوطِ</span>\nأمّا الكافورُ فقَد مَضَى فيه عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَيثُ قال: \"اجعَلنَ فى الآخِرَةِ كافورًا، أو شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ\" (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّ الكافورَ يوضَعُ على مَواضِعِ السُّجودِ:\n\n٦٧٨٦ - أخبَرناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى تَوبَةَ الصّوفِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ ابنِ حاتِمٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا هَمّامُ ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنِى زائدَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّخَعِىَّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٠٧ (١٤٦٠).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٦، ٦٧٠٥ - ٦٧٠٧).\n(^٤) من هنا خرم فى س وينتهى فى ص ٢٧٧.","vol":"7","page":255},{"text":"قال: الكافورُ يوضَعُ على مَواضِعِ السُّجودِ (^١).\n\n٦٧٨٧ - وأَمّا المِسكُ، فقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُلَيدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ والمُستَمِرِّ الأزدِىِّ قالا: سَمِعنا أبا نَضرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَ امرأَةً مِن بَنِى إسرائيلَ فقالَ: \"حَشَت خاتَمَها مِسكًا، والمِسكُ أطيَبُ الطِّيبِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٣).\n\n٦٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الرُّؤاسِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن هارونَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: كان عِندَ علىٍّ -﵁- مِسكٌ فأَوصَى أن يُحَنَّطَ به. قال: وقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: هو فضلُ حَنوطِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١١٢٤) من طريق حمام عن شيخ يقال له: زياد. ولم يذكر علقمة فى إسناده.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٤٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائى (٥٢٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. ومسلم (٢٢٥٢/ ١٨)، والترمذى (٩٩١)، والنسائى (٥١٣٤) من طريق شعبة عن خليد وحده به. وأحمد (١١٤٢٦)، وأبو داود (٣١٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٩٩) من طريق المستمر به. وليس عند أبى داود والترمذى ذكر المرأة.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٥٢/ ١٩).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٨٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٦١. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٢/ ٢٨٨، وابن أبى شيبة (١١١٣٧) عن حميد الرؤاسى به دون ذكر أبى وائل. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٣٨: هارون رافضى.","vol":"7","page":256},{"text":"ورُوّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n\n٦٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: ماتَ سعيدُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ -﵁- وكانَ بَدريًّا، فقالَت أُمُّ سعيدٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-: أتُحَنِّطُه بالمِسكِ؟ فقالَ: وأَىُّ طيبٍ أطيَبُ مِنَ المِسكِ؟! هاتِى مِسكَكِ. فناوَلَته إيّاه. قال: ولَم يَكُنْ يَصنَعُ كما تَصنَعونَ، وكُنّا نَتَتَبَّعُ بحَنوطِه مَراقَّه ومَغابِنَه (^١).\n\n٦٧٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَمشاذَ أخو علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ قال: لَمّا توُفِّىَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ جُعِلَ فى حَنوطِه مِسكٌ فيه مِن عَرَقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1492>بابُ الدُّخولِ على المَيِّتِ وتَقبيلِه</span>\n\n٦٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَميلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المراق: ما سفل من البطن فما تحته من المواضع التى ترق جلودها، والمغابن: بواطن الأفخاذ، وهى معاطف الجلد أيضًا. النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٢، ٣/ ٣٤١.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٠٨٩)، وفى معجم الصحابة للبغوى (٩٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١١٣٢)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٢٣١) من طريق حميد به، وعندهما: شعر. بدلًا من: عرق.","vol":"7","page":257},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ، قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- أقبَلَ على فرَسٍ مِن مَسكَنِه بالسُّنْحِ (^١) حَتَى نَزَلَ، فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فلَم يُكَلِّمِ النّاسَ حَتَى دَخَلَ على عائشةَ، فتيَمَّمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو مُسَجًّى ببُردَةِ حِبَرَةٍ، فكَشَفَ عن وجهِه، وأَكَبَّ عَلَيه فقَبَّله وبَكَى، ثُمَّ قال: بأَبِى أنتَ، واللَّهِ لا يَجمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيكَ مَوتَتَينِ أبَدًا، أمّا المَوتَةُ التى كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكَ فقَد مِتَّها. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: أخبرَنِى أبو سلَمةَ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- خَرَجَ وعُمَرُ -﵁- يُكَلِّمُ النّاسَ، فقالَ: اجلِسْ. فأَبَى عُمَرُ أن يَجلِسَ، فقالَ: اجلِسْ. فأَبَى أن يَجلِسَ، فتَشَهَدَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-، فمالَ النّاسُ إلَيه وتَرَكوا عُمَرَ، فقالَ: أيُّها الناسُ، مَن كان مِنكُم يَعبُدُ محمدًا فإنَّ محمدًا قَد ماتَ، ومَن كان مِنكُم يَعبُدُ اللَّهَ فإنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَىٌّ لا يَموتُ، قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ﴾. إلَى ﴿الشَّاكِرِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٤٤]. قال: واللِه لَكأنَّ النّاسَ لَم يَكونوا يَعلَمونَ أنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أنزَلَ هذه الآيَةَ إلَّا حينَ تَلاها أبو بكرٍ، فتَلَقّاها مِنه النّاسُ فما نَسمَعُ بَشَرًا إلَّا يَتلوها (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) السنح: موضع من عوالى المدينة، قيل بينه وبين منزل رسول الله -ﷺ-، وهو من منازل بنى الحارث بن الخزرج، ومنازلهم كانت فى الشمال والشمال الشرقى من المسجد النبوى، فهو ليس بعيدا من العريض المعروف اليوم. المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٦٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٦٢٠) عن أبى يعلى به. وأحمد (٢٤٨٦٣)، والنسائى (١٨٤٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به، وليس عندهما حديث ابن عباس.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٤١، ١٢٤٢).","vol":"7","page":258},{"text":"٦٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن اللَّيثِ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى خارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىُّ أنَّ أُمَّ العَلاءِ - امرأَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ قَد بايَعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أنَّهُمُ اقتَسَموا المُهاجِرينَ قُرعَةً يَعنِى، فطارَ لَنا عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ أنزَلناه فى أبياتِنا، فوَجِعَ وجَعَه الَّذِى توُفِّىَ فيه، فلَمّا توُفِّىَ وغُسِلَ وكُفِّنَ فى ثَلاثٍ دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قالَت: فقُلتُ: رَحمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكَ أبا السّائبِ، شَهادَتِى عَلَيكَ لَقَد أكرَمَكَ اللَّهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وما يُدريكِ أنَّ اللَّهَ أكرَمَه؟ \". قُلتُ: بأَبِى أنتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فمَن أكرَمَه اللَّهُ؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا هو فواللّهِ لَقَد جاءَه اليَقينُ، واللِه إنِّى لأرجو له الخَيرَ، واللَّهِ ما أدرِى وأَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ ماذا يُفعَلُ بى؟ \". فقالَت: واللِه إنِّى لا أُزَكِّى أحَدًا بَعدَه أبَدًا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وقالَ: وكُفِّنَ فى أثوابِه. وفِى آخِرِه: قالَت: فواللَّهِ لا أُزَكِّى بَعدَه أبَدًا (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن عُقَيلٍ: \"ما يُفعَلُ بهِ\". وتابَعَه شُعَيبٌ وعَمرُو بنُ دينارٍ ومَعمَرٌ (^٣). ويُذكَرُ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه قال هَذا القَولَ قَبلَ أن يَنزِلَ عَلَيه: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾ الآية [الفتح: ١].\n\n٦٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٥٧)، والبخارى (٣٩٢٩) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى فى (٧٢٧٠، ٧٢٧١، ٢١٢٤٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٤٣).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (١٢٤٣).","vol":"7","page":259},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن القاسِمِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ على عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ وهو مَيِّتٌ، فكَشَفَ عن وجهِه، ثُمَّ أكَبَّ عَلَيه فقَبَّلَه وبَكَى، حَتَّى رأَيتُ الدُّموعَ تَسيلُ على وجنَتَيهِ (^١).\n\n٦٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: لَمّا قُتِلَ أبى يَومَ أُحُدٍ فجَعَلتُ أبكِى وأَكشِفُ الثَّوبَ عن وجهِه، وجَعَلَ أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَنهَونِى عن ذَلِكَ، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لا يَنهانِى عن ذَلِكَ، وجَعَلَتْ عَمَّتِى تَبكِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَبكِى -أو: ما يُبكيكِ؟! - ما زالَتِ المَلائكَة تُظِلُّه بأَجنِحَتِها حَتَّى رَفَعوه\"- (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٧٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣١٦٣)، والترمذى (٩٨٩)، وابن ماجه (١٤٥٦) من طريق الثورى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٠٢١) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٤١٨٧)، والبخارى (١٢٤٤)، والنسائى (١٨٤٤) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (١٤٢٩٥)، والبخارى (١٢٩٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٧١/ ١٢٩)، والنسائى (١٨٤١) من طريق ابن المنكدر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٠٨٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٧١/ ١٣٠).","vol":"7","page":260},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1493>بابُ عَقدِ الأكفانِ عِندَ خَوفِ الانتِشارِ، وحَلِّها إذا أدخُلوه القَبرَ</span>\nرُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن الشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ ومُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^١).\n\n٦٧٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا خَلَفٌ يَعنِى ابنَ خَليفَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ -أظُنُّه سَمِعَه مِن مَولاه، ومَولاه مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ- لما وضَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نُعَيمَ بنَ مَسعودٍ فى القَبرِ نَزَعَ الأخِلَّةَ (^٢) بفيهِ (^٣). قَولُه: أظُنُّه. أحسِبُه مِن قَولِ الدُّورِىِّ. ورَواه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن عَبّادِ بنِ موسَى وسُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ العَتَكِىِّ، أنَّ خَلَفَ بنَ خَليفَةَ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبيه قال: بَلَغَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٦٧٩٦ - أنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أنَّ أبا الوَليدِ أخبَرَهُم، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ ابنُ أخِى سَمُرَةَ قال: ماتَ ابنٌ لِسَمُرَةَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: فقالَ: انطَلِقْ به إلَى حُفرَتِه، فإِذا وضَعتَه فى لَحدِه فقُلْ:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٧٨٠، ١١٧٨١)، والجامع للخطيب (١٦٦٤).\n(^٢) الأخلة: هى جمع خلال، وهى من عود أو حديد يجمع بها بين طرفى الثوب. ينظر العين ٤/ ١٤٠، والنهاية ٢/ ٧٣. وعند ابن أبى شيبة: يعنى العُقَد.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٧٧٨)، وابن سعد ٤/ ٢٧٩ من طريق خلف بن خليفة، دون قوله: أظنه سمعه من مولاه.\n(^٤) المراسيل (٤١٩).","vol":"7","page":261},{"text":"باسمِ الله وعَلَى سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ أطلِقْ عُقَدَ رأسِه وعُقَدَ رِجلَيه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1494>بابُ السُّنَّةِ فى اللَّحدِ</span>\n\n٦٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المِسوَرِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ قال فى مَرَضِه الَّذِى هَلَكَ (^٢) فيه: الحَدُوا لِى لَحْدًا، وانصِبوا علىَّ اللَّبِنَ نَصْبًا كما صُنِعَ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٦٧٩٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما أرادُوا أن يَحفِروا لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ يَضرَحُ (^٥) لأهلِ مَكَّةَ، وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٧ من طريق عبد الوارث به. والحارث (٢٧٤ - بغية) من طريق عثمان ابن أخى سمرة به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"مات\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٨٥٤). وتقدم فى (٦٦٨٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٦٦).\n(^٥) يضرح: أى يشق فى وسط القبر. عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٠٤.","vol":"7","page":262},{"text":"أبو طَلحَةَ زَيدُ بنُ سَهلٍ -﵁- يَلحَدُ لأهلِ المَدينَةِ، فدَعا العباسُ رَجُلَينِ فأَخَذَ بأَعناقِهِما فقالَ: اذهَبْ أنتَ إلَى أبى عُبَيدَةَ، واذهَبْ أنتَ إلَى أبى طَلحَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ خِرْ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أيُّهُما جاءَ حَفَرَ له. فوَجَدَ صاحِبُ أبى طَلحَةَ أبا طَلحَةَ [فجاءَ به] (^١)، ولَم يَجِدْ صاحِبُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ، فلحَدَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\n\n٦٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَكّامُ بنُ سَلْمٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّحدُ لَنا والشَّقُّ لِغَيرِنا\" (^٤).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٦٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٧/ ٢٥٢ عن الحاكم. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩)، وابن ماجه (١٦٢٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. قال البوصيرى فى مصباح الزجاجة (٥٩١): هذا إسناد فيه حسين بن عبد الله تركه أحمد وابن المدينى والنسائى، واتهمه البخارى بالزندقة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤١٥)، وابن ماجه (١٥٥٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٢٠٨). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٤٥)، والنسائى (٢٠٠٨)، وابن ماجه (١٥٥٤) من طريق حكام بن سلم به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\nوالشق: أن يحفر وسط أرض القبر ويبنى حافتاه، ويوضع الميت بينهما ويسقف عليه. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٠٤.","vol":"7","page":263},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أبى اليَقظانِ، عن زاذانَ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّحدُ لَنا والشَّقُّ لِغَيرِنا\" (^١). كَذا رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن الثورِىِّ، ورَواه وكيعٌ والفِريابِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، لَم يَذكُروا فيه مُسلِمَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1495>بابُ ما رُوِىَ فى قَطيفَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ</span>-\n\n٦٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى جَمرَةَ (^٣) قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أُدخِلَ فى قَبرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَطيفَةٌ حَمراءُ (^٤).\n\n٦٨٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ. بمَعناه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن وكيعٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٣٨٥). وعنده: سالم عن عبد الرحمن. بدلًا من: مسلم بن عبد الرحمن. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٥٥) من طريق أبى اليقظان به. وأحمد (١٩١٧٦) من طريق زاذان به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٤١ عن أبى اليقظان: ضعفوه، وعلى وأبوه فيهما لين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢١٣) عن وكيع به. وعنده: \"والشق لأهل الكتاب\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"حمزة\".\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٨٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٤١)، وابن حبان (٦٦٣١) من طريق وكيع به. وأحمد (٢٠٢١)، والترمذى (١٠٤٨)، والنسائى (٢٠١١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٦٧).","vol":"7","page":264},{"text":"٦٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وقَد كان شُقرانُ حينَ وُضِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حُفرَتِه أخَذَ قَطيفَةً قَد كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَلبَسُها ويَفرِشُها فدَفَنَها مَعَه فى القَبرِ، وقالَ: واللَّهِ لا يَلبَسُها أحَدٌ بَعدَكَ. فدُفِنَت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). ففِى هذه الرِّوايَةِ -إن كانَت ثابِتَةً- دَلالَةٌ على أنَّهُم لَم يَفرِشوها فى القَبرِ استِعمالًا لِلسُّنَّةِ فى ذَلِكَ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يَجعَلَ تَحتَ المَيِّتِ ثَوبًا فى القَبرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1496>بابُ ما جاءَ فى استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ بالمَوتَى</span>\n\n٦٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضى إملاءً، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هانِئ، حدثنا حَربُ بنُ \"شَدّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه حَدَّثَه وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"ألا إنَّ أولياءَ اللَّهِ المُصَلّونَ مَن يُقِيمُ (^٣) الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسَ االتي كُتِبنَ عَلَيه، ويَصومُ رَمَضانَ يَحتَسِبُ صَومَه يَرَى أنَّه عَلَيه حَقٌّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٧٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧١١٠) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"يقم\".","vol":"7","page":265},{"text":"ويُعطِى زَكاةَ مالِه يَحتَسِبُها، ويَجتِنبُ الكَبائرَ التى نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنها\". ثُمَّ إنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما الكَبائرُ؟ فقالَ: \"هُنَّ تِسعٌ؛ الشِّركُ (^١) باللَّهِ، وقَتلُ نَفسِ مُؤمِنٍ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ، وفِرارُ يَومِ الزَّحفِ، وأَكَلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وقَذفُ المُحصَنَةِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ المُسلِمَينِ، واستِحلالُ البَيتِ الحَرامِ قِبلَتِكُم أحياءً وأَمواتًا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"لا يَموتُ رَجُلٌ لَم يَعمَلْ هَؤُلاءِ الكَبائرَ، ويُقيمُ الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتِى الزَّكاةَ إلَّا كان مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى دارٍ أبوابُها مَصاريعُ (^٢) مِن ذَهَبٍ\" (^٣). سَقَطَ مِن كِتابِى، أو مِن كِتابِ شَيخِى: السِّحرُ.\n\n٦٨٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ ابنُ محمدٍ المَروَرُّوذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن طَيسَلَةَ بنِ علىٍّ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وهو فى أصلِ الأراكِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ وهو يَنضَحُ على رأسِه الماءَ ووَجهِه، فقُلتُ له: يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، حَدِّثْنِى عن الكَبائرِ. فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الكَبائرُ الإشراكُ باللَّهِ، وقَذفُ المُحصَنَةِ\". فقُلتُ: أقَبْلَ (^٤) الدَّمِ؟ قال: نَعَم ورَغْمًا. \"وقَتلُ النَّفسِ المُؤمِنَةِ، والفِرارُ يَومَ الزَّحفِ، وأَكَلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ المُسلِمَينِ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ص ٣، م: \"إشراك\".\n(^٢) مصراع الباب: ما بين عضادتيه، وجمعه مصاريع، وهو ما يسده الغَلَق. المفهم ٧/ ١٢٤.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٥٩، ولم يذكر السحر. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٧٥) مع ذكر السحر، والنسائى (٤٠٢٣) بنحوه من طريق معاذ بن هانئ به. مقتصرَيْنِ على ذكر الكبائر. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٧٨٩). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٩٩).\n(^٤) فى ص ٣، م: \"أقتل\"، والباء غير منقوطة فى الأصل. وينظر مصادر التخريج.","vol":"7","page":266},{"text":"وإلحادٌ بالبَيتِ الحَرامِ قِبلَتِكُم أحياءً وأَمواتًا\" (^١).\nورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه ذَكَرَ الكَعبَةَ فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما هِىَ إلَّا أحجارٌ نَصَبَها اللَّهُ قِبلَةً لأحيائِنا، ونوَجِّهُ إلَيها مَوتانا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1497>بابُ الإذخِرِ لِلقُبورِ وسَدِّ الفُرَجِ</span>\n\n٦٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى حَرَمِ مَكَّةَ وقَولَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُعضَدُ (^٣) شَجَرُها، ولا يُختَلَى (^٤) شَوكُها\". قال: فقالَ العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إلَّا الإذخِرَ؛ فإِنّا نَجعَلُه فى مَساكِنِنا وقُبورِنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^٥). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٦)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ وصَفيَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٦٤٧، والبغوى فى الجعديات (٣٣٣٩)، والخرائطى فى مساوئ الأخلاق (٢٤٧) من طريق أيوب به. والبخارى في الأدب المافرد (٨) من طريق طيسلة به. وعند ابن جوير والبخارى موقوفًا على ابن عمر. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح الأدب المفرد (٦).\n(^٢) تقدم فى عقب (٦٦٧٩).\n(^٣) يُعضد: يُقطع. هدى السارى ١/ ١٥٧.\n(^٤) يُختلى: يُحصد. فتح البارى ١/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٠٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٠١٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٨٥٥)، وابن حبان (٣٧١٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وسيأتى فى (١٦١٣٢).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٤٣٤)، ومسلم (٩٣٥٥/ ٤٤٧).","vol":"7","page":267},{"text":"بنتِ شَيبَةَ بمَعناه (^١).\n\n٦٨٠٧ - ورَوَى عُبَيدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ زَحْرٍ عن علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: لما وُضِعَت أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى القَبرِ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \" ﴿مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى﴾ [طه: ٥٥] باسمِ اللَّهِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ\". فلَمّا بُنِى عَلَيها لَحدُها طَفِقَ يَطرَحُ إلَيهِمُ الجَبُوبَ (^٣) ويَقولُ: \"سُدّوا خِلالَ اللَّبِنِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"أما إنَّ هَذا لَيسَ بشَئٍ ولَكِنَّه يُطَيِّبُ نَفسَ الحَىِّ\". وهَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ ابنِ صالِحٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَحْرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وقَد رُوِىَ فى سَدِّ الفُرجَةِ بالمَدَرَةِ وقَولِه: \"أما إنَّها لا تَضُرُّ ولا تَنفَعُ ولَكِنَّها تُقِرُّ بعَينِ الحَىِّ\". عن مَكحولٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1498>بابُ إهالَةِ التُّرابِ فى القَبرِ بالمَساحِى (^٦) وبِالأيدِى</span>\n\n٦٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٤٩).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذبب الكمال ١٩/ ٣٦.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الحبوب\" بالحاء. والجبوب: المدر وهو قطع الطين اليابس المتماسك الذى لا رمل فيه. التاج ٢/ ١٢٤، ١٤/ ٩٥ (ج ب ب، م د ر).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٨٧) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٤٣: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ١٤٢.\n(^٦) المساحى: جمع مسحاة وهي المجرفة من الحديد. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٩.","vol":"7","page":268},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ (^١) إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى فاطِمَةُ بنتُ محمدٍ امرأَةُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ -قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: وأَدخَلَتنِى عَلَيها حَتَّى سَمِعتُه مِنها- عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: واللَّهِ ما عَلِمنا بدَفنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى سَمِعنا صَوتَ المَساحِى فى جَوفِ لَيلَةِ الأربِعاءِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَضَه الَّذِى قُبِضَ فيه أسنَدَته فاطِمَةُ -﵂- إلَى صَدرِها، فجَعَلَ يَتَغَشّاه الكَربُ، فقالَت: واكَرب أبَتاه. فقالَ: \"إنَّه لَيسَ على أبيكِ كَربٌ بَعدَ اليَومِ\". فلَمّا قُبِضَ ودُفِنَ قالَت لِى فاطِمَةُ: يا أنَسُ، أطابَت أنفُسُكُم أن تَحثوا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ (^٣) قال حَمّادٌ: إنَّما حَفِظَ: أطابَت أنفُسُكُم أن تَحثُوا. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٨١٠ - وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيلَ\" عن أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ، عن حَمّادِ ابنِ خالِدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن زيادٍ، عن أبى المُنذِرِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَثا فى قَبرٍ ثَلاثًا. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أبى\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٧/ ٢٥٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٤٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٣٠) من طريق حماد به، وليس عند أحمد موضع الشاهد.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٤٦٢) دون قول حماد.","vol":"7","page":269},{"text":"الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِئُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٦٨١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ المَدائِنِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى العُمَرِىَّ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- حينَ دُفِنَ عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ -﵁-، فصَلَّى عَلَيه وكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا، وحَثا بيَدَيه ثلاثَ حَثَياتٍ مِنَ التُّرابِ وهو قائمٌ على القَبرِ (^٢). إسنادُه ضعيفٌ إلَّا أنَّ له شاهِدًا مِن جِهَةِ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٣)، ويُروَى عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَرفوعًا (^٤)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٨١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، اْخبرَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ ابنُ حِميَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ (^٥) الأَلْهانِىِّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: توُفِّىَ رَجُلٌ فلَم يُصَبْ له حَسَنَةٌ إلَّا ثلاثَ حَثَياتٍ حَثاها فى قَبرٍ، فغُفِرَت له ذُنوبُه (^٦). وهَذا\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٤٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٦ من طريق على بن حفص به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ٢٧٦، ٢٧٧ من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٦٥).\n(^٥) فى ص ٣: \"يزيد\".\n(^٦) المصنف فى الصغرى (١١٥٨) عن الحاكم. وأخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٣٢٢٤) من طريق نعيم به.","vol":"7","page":270},{"text":"مَوقوفٌ حَسَنٌ فى هَذا البابِ.\n\n٦٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا مالكُ ابنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ قال: صَلَّى علىٌّ -﵁- على يَزيدَ بنِ مُكَفِّفٍ فكَبَّرَ أربَعًا. قال: ثُمَّ حَثا فى قَبرِه التُّرابَ (^١).\n\n٦٨١٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه رأَى عَليًّا -﵁- فى قَبرِ ابنِ مُكَفِّفٍ حَثا ثِنتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا (^٢).\n\n٦٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، [أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ] (^٣)، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ لما دَفَنَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ حَثا عَلَيه التُّرابَ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا يُدفَنُ العِلمُ. فحَدَّثتُ به علىَّ بنَ الحُسَينِ فقالَ: وابنُ عباسٍ واللَّهِ لقَد دُفِنَ به عِلمٌ كَثيرٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1499>بابٌ: لا يُزادُ فى القَبرِ أكثَرُ مِن تُرابِه لئَلَّا يَرتَفعَ جِدًّا</span>\n\n٦٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٤٨٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٨٢٣) من طريق مالك بن مغول به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٨٢٢) من طريق عمير، دون ذكر عدد الحثيات.\n(^٣) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٥.","vol":"7","page":271},{"text":"مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -وعن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُبنَى على القَبرِ أو يُزادَ عَلَيه أو يُجَصَّصَ (^١).\nورَواه أبانُ بنُ أبى عَيّاشٍ عن الحَسَنِ وأَبِى نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ولا يُزادُ على حَفيرَتِه الترابُ\". وفِى الحديثِ الأوَّلِ كِفايَةٌ. أبانٌ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n٦٨١٧ - ورُوِىَ كما أنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أُلحِدَ له لَحْدًا، ونُصبَ عَلَيه اللَّبِنُ نَصْبًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: ورُفِعَ قَبرُه مِنَ الأرضِ نَحوًا مِن شِبرٍ (^٣). كَذا وجَدتُه.\n\n٦٨١٨ - وقَد أنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن جَعفَرِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رُشَّ على قَبرِه الماءُ، ووُضِعَ عَلَيه حَصباءُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٦٨٤٥).\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى عقب (٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٦٣٥) من طريق أبى كامل به.","vol":"7","page":272},{"text":"مِن حَصباءِ العَرْصَةِ (^١)، ورُفِعَ قَبرُه قَدرَ شِبرٍ (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ، ورَواه الواقِدِىُّ بإِسنادٍ له عن جابِرٍ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ (^٣).\n\n٦٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ شُفَىٍّ قال: خَرَجنا غُزاةً فى زَمَنِ مُعاويَةَ إلَى هذه الدُّروبِ (^٤) وعَلَينا فَضالَةُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، فتوُفِّىَ ابنُ عَمٍّ لِى يُقالُ له: نافِعُ بنُ عبدٍ. قال: فقامَ فَضالَةُ فى حُفرَتِه، فلَمّا دَفَنّاه قال: خَفِّفوا عنه التُّرابَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يأمرُنا بتَسويَةِ القُبورِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1500>بابُ رَشِّ الماءِ على القَبرِ ووَضعِ الحَصباءِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ الرَّشَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحصباء: الحصى الصغار. والعرصة: كل ساحة متسعة ليس فيها بناء، وهي موضع فى المدينة. النهاية ١/ ٣٩٣، معجم البلدان ٤/ ١٠١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجوزى فى التحقيق (٩١١) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٦٨٢٤).\n(^٤) أصل الدرب: المضيق فى الجبال، ومنه قولهم: أدرب القوم. إذا دخلوا أرض العدو من بلاد الروم. التاج ٢/ ٤٠٢ (د ر ب).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٣٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وسيأتى فى (٦٨٣٨).","vol":"7","page":273},{"text":"على القَبرِ كان على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٦٨٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رَشَّ على قَبرِ إبراهيمَ ابنِه، ووَضَعَ عَلَيه حَصباءَ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والحَصباءُ لا تَثبُتُ إلَّا على قَبرٍ مُسَطَّحٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٢٢ - وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ (^٣) وغَيرِه، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَشَّ على قَبرِ إبراهيمَ، وأَنَّه أوَّلُ قَبرٍ رُشَّ عَلَيه، وأَنَّه قال حينَ دُفِنَ وفُرغَ مِنه: \"سَلامٌ عَلَيكُم\". ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا قال: حَثا عَلَيه بيَدِه. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٦٨٢٣ - وأَنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ (^٥)، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَشَّ على قَبرِ ابنِه. قال: ولا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٤٨٢) عن جعفر بن محمد به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢١٨١)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٣) فى م: \"مسلم\".\n(^٤) المراسيل (٤٢٤).\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"إجازة\".","vol":"7","page":274},{"text":"أعلَمُه إلَّا قال: وحَثا عَلَيه بيَدِهِ (^١).\n\n٦٨٢٤ - ورَوَى محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن ابنِ أبى عَونٍ، عن أبى عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رُشَّ على قَبرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- الماءُ رَشًّا. قال: وكانَ الَّذِى رَشَّ الماءَ على قَبرِه بلالُ بنُ رَباحٍ بقِربَةٍ بَدأَ مِن قِبَلِ رأسِه مِن شِقِّه الأيمَنِ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى رِجلَيه، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بالماءِ إلَى الجِدارِ لَم يَقدِرْ على أن يَدورَ مِنَ الجِدارِ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ يَعنِى ابنَ بُطَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1501>بابُ إعلامِ القَبرِ بصَخرَةٍ أو عَلامَةٍ ما كانَت</span>\n\n٦٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ الفَضلِ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بمَعناه، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ المَدَنِىِّ، عن المُطَّلِبِ قال: لَمّا ماتَ عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ أُخرِجَ بجِنازَتِه فدُفِنَ، أمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا أن يأتيَه بحَجَرٍ، فلَم يَستَطِعْ حَمْلَه، فقامَ إلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وحَسَرَ عن ذِراعَيه. قال كَثيرٌ: قال المُطَّلِبُ: قال الَّذِى يُخبِرُنِى ذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى بَياضِ ذِراعَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة فى أخبار المدينة ١/ ٩٩ من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٧/ ٢٦٤. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٤٥: الواقدى متروك، وما قبله مراسيل.","vol":"7","page":275},{"text":"حَسَرَ عَنها، ثُمَّ حَمَلَها فوَضَعَها عِندَ رأسِه، وقالَ: \"ليُعلَمَ بها قَبرُ أخِى، وأَدفِنَ إلَيه مَن ماتَ مِن أهلِى\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1502>بابُ انصِرافِ مَن شاءَ إذا فُرِغَ مِنَ القَبِر أو إذا وورِىَ، وما فى انتِظارِه ذَلِكَ (^٢) مِنَ الأجرِ</span>\n\n٦٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ وهارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ الدَّبّاسُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجُ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"مَن شَهِدَ الجِنازَةَ حَتى يُصَلَّى عَلَيها فلَه قيراطٌ، ومَن شَهِدَها حَتَّى تُدفَنَ كان له قيراطانِ\". قيلَ: وما القيراطانِ؟ قال: \"مِثلُ الجَبَلَينِ العَظيمَينِ\". انتَهَى حَديثُ شَبيبٍ، زادَ ابنُ وهبٍ فى رِوايَتِه عن يونُسَ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: قال سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّى عَلَيها ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ، فلَمّا بَلَغَه حَديثُ أبى هريرةَ قال: لَقَد ضَيَّعنا قَراريطَ كَثيرَةً (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٠٦).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"له\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه \"له\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٠٧٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٩٢٠٨)، والنسائى (١٩٩٤) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"7","page":276},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ وهارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وذَكَرَ الزّيادَةَ فى رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ وهارونَ (^١).\n\n٦٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ فلَه قيراطٌ، ومَنِ انتَظَرَ حَتَّى يُفرَغَ فلَه قيراطانِ\". قالوا: وما القيراطانِ؟ قال: \"مِثلُ الجَبَلَينِ العَظيمَينِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى وقالَ: \"حَتَّى يُفرَغَ مِنها\" (^٣).\n\n٦٨٢٨ - ورَواه عبدُ اْلرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ فقالَ: \"حَتَّى توضَعَ فى اللَّحدِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوزَنِىُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (٣). ورَواه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رِجالٌ عن أبى هريرةَ قال: \"ومَنِ اتَّبَعَها حَتَّى تُدفَنَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٢٥)، ومسلم (٩٤٥/ ٥٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٨٨)، وابن ماجه (١٥٣٩) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٤٥/ ...).\n(^٤) فى ص ٣، م: \"الزوربى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ١٧٦.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (١١٧٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٢٦٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٧٥)، والنسائى (١٩٩٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (٩٤٥/ ...) من طريق عقيل به.","vol":"7","page":277},{"text":"ورَواه أبو سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ عن أبى هريرةَ فقالَ: \"حَتَّى يُفرَغَ مِنها\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو صالِحٍ والشَّعبِىُّ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصِّدّيقِ (^٣) المَعروفُ بخُشنامَ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو صَخرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ قُسَيطٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه أنَّ داودَ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه أنَّه كان قاعِدًا عِندَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ إذ طَلَعَ خَبّابٌ صاحِبُ المَقصورَةِ، فقالَ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، ألا تَسمَعُ ما يقولُ أبو هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن خَرَجَ مَعَ جِنازَهٍ مِن بَيتِها فصَلَّى عَلَيها، ثُمَّ تَبِعَها حَتَّى تُدفَنَ كان له قيراطانِ مِنَ الأجرِ، ومَن صَلَّى عَلَيها ثُمَّ رَجَعَ كان له قيراطٌ مِنَ الأجرِ مِثلُ أُحُدٍ\"؟. فأَرسَلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ خَبّابًا إلَى عائشةَ يَسأَلُها عن قَولِ أبى هريرةَ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَيه فيُخبِرُه بما قالَت عائشَةُ، فأَخَذَ ابنُ عُمَرَ قَبضةً مِن حَصاةِ المَسجِدِ يُقَلِّبُها فى يَدِه حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَيه الرَّسولُ. قال: فقالَت عائشَةُ: صَدَقَ أبو هُرَيرَةَ. فضرَبَ أبنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخارى (١٣٢٥) من طريق أبى سعيد المقبرى.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٥٣)، ومسلم (٩٤٥/ ٥٣)، وأبو داود (٣١٦٨) من طريق أبى صالح به. والنسائى (١٩٩٦) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٣) ضبط بكسر الصاد وتشديد الدال، وبفتح الصاد وتخفيف الدال. ينظر الإكمال ٥/ ١٧٧، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ٨٣٥.\n(^٤) فى ص ٣: \"بحسشام\". وفى م: \"بحسام\". وسيأتى فى (٧٩٤٥)، وينظر نزهة الألباب فى الألقاب ١/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"7","page":278},{"text":"بالحَصَى الَّذِى كان فى يَدِه الأرضَ، ثُمَّ قال: لَقَد فرَّطنا فى قَراريطَ كَثيرَةٍ (^١)! رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن المُقرِئَ (^٢).\nفأَكثَرُ الرواياتِ عن أبى هريرةَ على الفَراغِ والدَّفنِ، إلَّا ما روِّينا عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣)، وقَد خالَفَه عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤)، ورُوِىَ مِثلُ مَعنَى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٦٨٣٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبْدِىُّ وبِشرُ بنُ هِلالٍ الصَّوّافُ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنيانِ ابنَ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ فلَه قيراطٌ، ومَنِ اتَّبَعَها حَتَّى توضَعَ فى القَبرِ فلَه قيراطانِ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ، وما القيراطُ؟ قال: مِثلُ أُحُدٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٦).\nورَواه ثَوبانُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٧٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٦٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٧٩) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٥/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٦٨٢٨).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٦٨٢٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٤٢) عن يحيى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٤٥/ ٥٤).","vol":"7","page":279},{"text":"٦٨٣١ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-:\"مَن صَلَّى على جِنازَة فلَه قيراطٌ، ومَن شَهِدَ دَفنَها فلَه قيراطانِ، القيراطُ مِثلُ أُحُدٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ وهِشامٍ الدَّستُوائى وأَبانِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1503>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ اتّساعِ القَبِر وإعماقِهِ</span>\n\n٦٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ هِلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: جاءَتِ الأنصارُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أصابَنا قَرْحٌ وجَهدٌ، فكَيفَ تأمُرُ؟ قال: \"احفِروا وأَوسِعوا، واجعَلوا الرَّجُلَينِ والثَّلاثَةَ فى القَبرِ\". قالوا: أيُّهُم يُقَدَّمُ فى القَبرِ؟ قال: \"أكثرُهُم قُرآنًا\". فقالَ: فقُدَّمَ أبى بَينَ يَدَىِ اثنَينِ. أو قال: واحِدٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٢٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٨٤) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٢٢٤٤١)، وابن ماجه (١٥٤٠) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٢٦٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٥١)، وأبو داود (٣٢١٥)، والنسائى (٢٠١٤) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٥٤).","vol":"7","page":280},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ يَعنِى عبدانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ. فذَكَرَ إسنادَه نَحوَه، قال: أصابَ الأنصارَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ قَرحٌ وجَهدٌ، فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أصابَنا قَرحٌ وجَهدٌ، فكَيفَ تأمُرُنا؟ قال: \"احفِروا وأَوسِعوا\". قال عبدُ اللهِ: وأُراه قال: \"وأَعمِقوا\". ثُمَّ قال عبدُ اللَّهِ (^١): بَل هو هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n٦٨٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فى قَتلَى أُحُدٍ: \"أعمِقوا وأَحسِنوا، وادفِنوا الاثنَينِ والثَّلاثَةَ فى قَبرٍ واحِدٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أبيه قال: اشتَدَّ الجِراحُ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فشُكِىَ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- فقالَ: \"احفِروا وأَوسِعوا وأَحسِنوا، وادفِنوا فى القَبرِ الاثنَينِ والثَّلاثَةَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) هنا آخر الخرم فى س المشار إليه فى ص ٢٥١.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٥٥.\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٥٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢١٦)، والنسائى (٢٠٠٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٦٢٥٤) من طريق أيوب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٥٥).\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٥٥. وأخرجه النسائى (٢٠١٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.","vol":"7","page":281},{"text":"٦٨٣٦ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ (^١).\n\n٦٨٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ على، عن زائدَةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ الجَرْمِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى أنَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أخبَرَه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- بجِنازَةٍ وأَنا غُلامٌ مَعَ أبى، فجَلَس على حُفرَةِ القَبرِ وجَعَلَ يومِئُ إلَى الحَفّارِ ويَقولُ: \"أوسِعْ مِن قِبَلِ الرّأسِ، أوسِعْ مِن قِبَلِ الرِّجلَينِ، ورُبَّ عذقٍ (^٢) له فى الجَنَّةِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى حازِمٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ قال: فرأَيتُه على حُفَيرَةِ القَبرِ جالِسًا فقالَ: \"أوسِعْ مِن قِبَلِ رأسِه، فرُبَّ عذقٍ له فى الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٦٣)، والنسائى (٢٠١٠) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (١٩٠٠).\n(^٢) المذق بفتح العين: النخلة، وبكسرها: الغصن من النخلة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٦٥) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به. وأبو داود (٣٣٣٢) من طريق عاصم بن كليب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٥٠).\nوإلى هنا ينتهى الجزء الثالث من نسخة الأصل.","vol":"7","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1504>بابُ تَسويَةِ القُبورِ وتَسطيحِها</span>\n\n٦٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرْحِ، قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّ أبا علىٍّ الهَمْدانِيَّ حَدَّثَه قال: كُنا عِندَ فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ برُوذِسَ (^١) بأَرضِ الرُّومِ، فتوُفِّىَ صاحِبٌ لَنا، فأَمَرَ فَضالَةُ بقَبرِه فسوِّىَ ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يأمُرُ بتَسويَتِها. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىِّ، وفى رِوايَةِ أبى صالِحٍ، أنَّ ثُمامَةَ بنَ شُفَيٍّ حَدَّثَه (^٢) قال: كُنّا مَعَ فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ بأَرضِ الرّومِ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ أحمدَ بنِ عمرٍو وهارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٨٣٩ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى هَيّاجٍ الأسدِىِّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) روذس: جزيرة مقابل الإسكندرية على ليلة منها فى البحر. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٨٣٢.\n(^٢) أى حدث عمرو بن الحارث كما فى رواية النسائى.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٢١٩). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٠٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (٦٨١٩) من طريق ثمامة.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٦/ ٩٢). وعنده: \"رودس\" بالدال المهملة. وقال الزبيدى: وإهمال الدال هو المشهور. التاج ١٦/ ١١٩.","vol":"7","page":283},{"text":"قال لِي علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: أبعَثُكَ على ما بَعَثَنِى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-؟ ألَّا تَترُكَ قَبرًا مُشرِفًا إلَّا سوَّيتَه، ولا تِمثالًا فى بَيتٍ إلَّا طَمَستَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَوْلانيُّ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ المَدَنِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ هانِي، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ -﵂- فقُلتُ: يا أُمّاه، اكشِفِى لِى عن قَبرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وصاحِبَيه. فكَشَفَت لِى عن ثَلاثَةِ قُبورٍ لا مُشرِفَةٍ ولا لاطِئَةٍ (^٣)، مَبطوحَةٍ ببَطحاءِ العَرْصَةِ الحَمراءِ، فرأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مُقَدَّمًا، وأَبا بكرٍ -﵁- رأسُه بَينَ كَتِفَىِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وعُمَرَ -﵁- رأسُه عِندَ رِجلَىِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤). هو عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ بنِ هانئٍ، قالَه غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن ابنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ (^٥).\n\n٦٨٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١١٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤١)، وأبو داود (٣٢١٨)، والنسائى (٢٠٣٠) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٥٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٣/ ٩٦٨).\n(^٣) لاطئة: ملتصقة بالأرض، يعنى مسواة. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٦/ ١٧٧.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٩. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٢٠) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٤٨: إسناده جيد. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٠٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٢٠)، وأبو يعلى (٤٥٧١)، والمزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩.","vol":"7","page":284},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبى البَدّاءِ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ مُصعَبِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ البَيتَ الَّذِى فيه قَبرُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فرأيتُ قُبورَهُم مُستَطيرَةً.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1505>بابُ مَن قال بتَسنيمِ القُبورِ</span>\n\n٦٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ المَقابِرِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ التَّمّارُ قال: رأَيتُ قَبرَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُسَنَّما.\n\n٦٨٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن سُفيانَ التَّمّارِ أنَّه حَدَّثَه أنَّه رأَى قَبرَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُسَنَّمًا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\nومَتَى ما صَحَّت رِوايَةُ (^٣) القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: قُبورُهُم مَبطوحَةٌ ببَطحاءِ العَرْصَةِ. فذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ على التَّسطيحِ، وصَحَّت رُؤيَةُ سُفيانَ التَّمّارِ قَبرَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُسَنَّمًا. فكأَنَّه غُيِّرَ عَمّا كان عَلَيه فى القَديمِ، فقَد سَقَطَ جِدارُه فى زَمَنِ الوَليدِ ابنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، وقيلَ: فى زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، ثُمَّ أُصلِحَ، وحَديثُ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ فى هَذا البابِ أصَحُّ وأَولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا، إلَّا أنَّ بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ مِن أصحابِنا استَحَبَّ التَّسنيمَ فى هَذا الزَّمانِ لِكَونِه جائزًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٩٠).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: كذا فى الأصلين وصوابه \"رؤية\". ويؤيده روايته المتقدمة (٦٨٤٠).","vol":"7","page":285},{"text":"بالإِجماعِ، وأَنَّ التَّسطيحَ صارَ شِعارًا لأهلِ البِدَع، فلا يَكونُ سَبَبًا لإِطالَةِ الألسِنَةِ فيه ورَميِه بما هو مُنَزَّهٌ عنه مِن مَذاهِبِ أهلِ البِدَعِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1506>باب: لا يُبنَى على القُبورِ ولا تُجَصَّصُ</span>\n\n٦٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- نَهَى أن يَقعُدَ الرَّجُلُ على القَبرِ أو يُقَصَّصَ (^١) أو يُبنَى عَلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، وعن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ بهَذا الحديثِ، زادَ: أو يُزادَ عَلَيه. وزادَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى: أو أن يُكتَبَ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) القَصَّة: الجِصُّ. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٤٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١١٦٠)، وفى المعرفة (٢١٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٤٧)، والنسائى (٢٠٢٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٦٥) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٠/ ٩٤).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١١٦١)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٠٢٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣١٦٣) من طريق عثمان به. وليس عند ابن حبان ذكر لسليمان. وتقدم فى (٦٨١٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٦٣).","vol":"7","page":286},{"text":"ورُوَّينا عن أبى موسَى فى وصيَّتِه: ولا تَجعَلُنَّ على قَبرِى بناءً (^١). وعن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ: ولا تَضرِبُنَّ عليَّ فُسطاطًا (^٢). وعن أبي هريرةَ كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1507>بابٌ فى غَسلِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n٦٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَينا النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ نَغسِلُ ابنَتَه فقالَ: \"اغسِلنَها ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، واجعَلنَ في الآخِرَةِ كافورًا أو شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ، فإِذا فرَغتُن فآذِنَّنِى\". قالَت: فلَمّا فرَغنا آذَنّاه فأَلقَى إلَينا حِقوَه فقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أيّوبَ (^٥).\n\n٦٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٧٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٠/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٣) سيأتى بإسناده في (٦٩٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (١٨٨٥) من طريق يزيد به. وتقدم فى (١٦، ٦٧٠٥، ٦٧٠٨)، وسيأتي فى (٦٨٥٠، ٦٨٥١).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٣٩/ ٣٦)، والبخارى (١٢٥٣).","vol":"7","page":287},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ أمَلَّه عَلَينا، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ شَيبانُ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُليمٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى بَشيرٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ أُمِّ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إذا توُفّيَتِ المَرأَةُ فأَرادوا أن يَغسِلوها فليُبدَأ ببَطنِها، فليُمسَحْ بَطنُها مَسحًا رَفيقًا إن لَم تَكُنْ حُبلَى، فإِن كانَت حُبلَى فلا تُحَرِّكيها، فإذا أرَدتِ غَسلَها فابدَئى بسِفْلَتِها (^١) فأَلقِى على عَورَتِها ثَوبًا سَتيرًا، ثُمَّ خُذِى كُرْسُفَةً فاغسِليها فأَحسِنِى غَسلَها، ثُمَّ أدخِلِى يَدَكِ مِن تَحتِ الثوبِ فامسَحيها بكُرسُف ثلاثَ مَرّاتِ فأَحسِنِى مَسحَها قَبلَ أن توَضِّئيها، ثُمَّ وضِّئيها بماء فيه سِدرٌ، ولتُفرغٍ الماءَ امرأَةٌ وهِىَ قائمَة لا تَلِى شَيئًا غَيرَه، وليَلِ غَسلَها أولَى النّاسِ بها وإِلَّا فامرأَة ورِعَة، فإِن كانَت صَغيرَةً أو ضَعيفَةً فلتَغسِلْها امرأَة أُخرَى مُسلِمَة ورِعَةٌ، فإِذا فَرَغْت مِن غَسلِ سِفْلَتِها غَسْلًا نَقيًّا بماءٍ وسِدرٍ فهَذا بَيانُ وُضوئها، ثُمَّ اغسِليها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ بماء وسِدرٍ، وابدَئى برأسِها قَبلَ كُل شَيءٍ، وأَنقِى كُلَّ غَسلَة مِنَ السِّدرِ بالماءِ، ولا تُسَرِّحِى رأسَها بمِشطٍ، فإِن حَدَثَ مِنها حَدَثٌ بَعدَ الغَسَلاتِ الثَلاثِ فاجعَليها خَمسًا، وإِن حَدَثَ بَعدَ الخَمسِ فاجعَليها سَبعًا، وكُل ذَلِكَ فليَكُنْ وِترًا بماء وسِدرٍ حَتَّى لا يرَييَكِ شَئٌ، فإِذا كان فى آخِرِ غَسلَة فى الثلاثةِ (^٢) أو غَيرِها فاجعَلِى شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ وشَيئًا مِن سِدرٍ، ثُمَّ اجعَلِى ذَلِكَ فى جَرَّة جَديدَة، ثُمَّ أقعِديها فأَفرِغِى عَلَيها وابدَئى برأسِها حَتَّى تَبلُغِى رجلَيها، فإِذا فرَغتِ مِنها فأَلقِى عَلَيها ثَوبًا\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بأسفلها\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الثالثة\".","vol":"7","page":288},{"text":"نَظيفًا، ثُمَّ أدخِلِى يَدَكِ مِن وراءِ الثَّوبِ فانزِعيه عَنها، هَذا بَيانُ الغُسلِ، ثُمَّ احشِى سِفْلَتَها كُرسُفًا ما استَطَعتِ، ثُمَّ امسَحِى كُرسُفَها مِن طِيبِها، ثُمَّ خُذِى سَبَنيَّةً (^١) طَويلَةً مَغسولَةً فاربِطيها على عَجُزِها كما يُربَطُ النِّطاقُ، ثُمَّ اعقِديها بَينَ فخِذَيها وضُمِّى فخِذَيها، ثُمَّ ألقِى طَرَفَ السَّبَنيَّةِ مِن عِندِ عَجُزِها إلَى قَريب مِن رُكبتِها، فهَذا بَيانُ سِفلَتِها، ثُمَّ طَيبيها وكَفِّنيها، واضفِرِى شَعَرَها ثَلاثَةَ قُرون قُصَّةً وقَرْنَينِ، ولا تُشَبِّهيها بالرِّجالِ، وليَكُنْ كَفَنُها خَمسَةَ أثواب إحداهُنَّ الَّذِى تُلَفُّ به فخِذاها، ولا تَنقُصِى مِن شَعَرِها شَيئًا يَعنِى بنُورَة ولا غَيرِها، وما سَقَطَ مِن شَعَرَها فاغسِلية، ثُمَّ أعيديه فى شَعَرِ رأسِها- أو قال: اغرِزيه- وطَيبِى شَعَرَ رأسها وأَحسِنِى تَطييبَه إن شِئتِ، واجعَلِى كُلَّ شَئ مِنها وِترًا، ولا تَنسَي ذَلِكَ، فإِن بَدا لَكِ أن تُجَمِّريها فى نَعشِها فاجعَليه نُبذَةً (^٢) واحِدَةً حَتَّى يَكونَ وِترًا، هَذا بَيانُ كَفَنِها ورأسها. وإِن كانَت مَجدورَةً أو مَحصوبَةً (^٣) أو أشباهَ ذَلِكَ فخُذِى خِرقَةً واسِعَةً فاغسِليها فى الماءِ\". وفِى غَيرِ هذه الرِّوايَةِ: \"فاغمِسيها فى الماءِ\". ثُمَّ فى رِوايَتِنا: \"واجعَلِى تَتبعِى كُلَّ شَئ مِنها، ولا تُحَرِّكيها؛ فإِنِّى أخشَى أن يَنفَجِرَ مِنها شيءٌ لا يُستَطاعُ رَدُّه\". هَذا لَفظُ ابنِ خُزيمَةَ، وحَديثُ الصَّغانِىِّ انتَهَى عِندَ قَولِه: \"وليَكُنْ كَفَنُها خَمسَةً\" (^٤). رَواه أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ، فزادَ عِندَ قَولِه: \"وأَحسِنِى تَطييبَه\": \"ولا تَغسِليه بماء سُخنٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: فى أصل المؤلف \"سينية\". وتقدم معنى السبنية فى الحديث (٦٧٨٣).\n(^٢) النبذة: اليسير من الشئ. تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين ١/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٣) فى س:\"محضونة\"، وفى م: \"مخضوبة\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٦٧٨٣).","vol":"7","page":289},{"text":"وأَجمِريها بَعدَما تُكَفنيها بسَبعٍ إن شِئتِ\" (^١). وكأنَّه سَقَطَ مِن كِتابِ شَيخِى.\n\n٦٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِي شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه مُقَطَّعًا بمَعناه واللَّفظُ مُختَلِفٌ، إلا أنَّه قال:\"فإِذا فرَغَت مِنَ الخَمسِ فلتَجعَلِ الكافورَ في مَسامِعِ المَيِّتِ\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1508>بابُ السُّنَّةِ الثّابِتَةِ فى تَضفيرِ شَعَرِ رأسِها ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ وإلقائِهِنَّ خَلفَها</span>\n\n٦٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أُمِّ الهُذَيلِ يَعنى حَفصَةَ بنتَ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: توُفيَتِ ابنَةٌ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ-، فسأَلْنا رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: \"اغسِلْنَها وِترًا ثَلائًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ، واجعَلْنَ فى الآخِرَةِ كافورًا أو شَيئًا مِن كافورٍ، فإِذا فرَغتُن فآذِنَّنِى\". قالَت: فآذَناه. قالَت: فأَلقَى إلَينا حِقوَه فقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\". قالَت: فضَفَرنا رأسَها؛ ناصيَتَها وقَرْنَيها ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ وأَلقَيناه خَلفَها (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥١: لم يخرجه الترمذى فى \"جامعه\"، وفى النفس من صحته، وليث ليس بعمدة.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٦، ٦٧٠٧).","vol":"7","page":290},{"text":"هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^١)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٦٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّاب وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: مَشَطناها ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى هَكَذا (^٤).\n\n٦٨٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَني الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أنَّ أيّوبَ بنَ أبى تَميمَةَ أخبَرَه قال: سَمِعتُ حَفصَةَ بنتَ سيرينَ تَقولُ: حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ أنَّهُنَّ جَعَلنَ رأسَ ابنَةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ. وقالَ: نَقَضنَه فغَسَلنَه (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وزادَ: ثُمَّ جَعَلنَه ثَلاثَةَ قُرونٍ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1509>بابُ كَفَنِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n٦٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٢٦٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٩/ ٤١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٢٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٤٣) من طريق يزيد به. والنسائى (١٨٩٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٣٩/ ٣٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٨٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وتقدم فى (٦٧٠٨).\n(^٦) البخارى (١٢٦٠).","vol":"7","page":291},{"text":"أيّوبَ بنَ أبى تَميمَةَ أخبَرَه قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ سيرينَ يقولُ: حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَينا النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ونَحنُ نَغسِلُ ابنَتَه فقالَ: \"اغسِلْنَها ثَلاثًا أو خَمسًا أو أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ إن رأَيتُنَّ ذَلِكَ بماء وسِدرٍ، واجعَلْنَ فى الآخِرَةِ كافورًا، فإِذا فرَغتُنَّ فآذِنَّنِى\". فلَمّا فرَغنا ألقَى إلَينا حَقوَه فقالَ: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\". قال: ولَم يَزِدْ على ذَلِكَ. قال: فلا أدرِى أيُّ بَناتِه. وزَعَمَ أنَّ الإشعارَ: ألْفِفْنَها (^١) فيه. قال: وكَذَلِكَ، كان ابنُ سيرينَ يأمُرُ بالمَرأَةِ أن تُشعَرَ لِفافَةً ولا تُؤزَرَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني أيّوبُ السَّختيانيُّ أنَه سَمِعَ ابنَ سيرينَ يقولُ: كانَتِ امرأَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ لَها: أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ -مِنَ اللَّواتِى بايَعنَ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قَدِمَتِ البَصرَةَ تُبادِرُ ابنًا لَها فلَم تُدرِكْه، فحَدَّثَتنا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ. قال: قُلتُ: ما قَولُه: \"أشعِرْنَها\". اتزرن به؟ قال: لا أُراه إلَّا أن يَقولَ: ألْفِفْنَها فيهِ. قال أيّوبُ: وكَذَلِكَ كان ابنُ سيرينَ يأمُرُ المَرأَةَ (^٤) أن تُشعِرَ لِفافَةً.\n\n٦٨٥٤ - وَقالَ ابنُ زَنجُويَه: عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لأيّوبَ: ما قَولُه: \"أشعِرْنَها إيّاه\". أتُؤزَرُ بهِ؟ قالَ: لا أظُنُّ، كان ابنُ سيرينَ\n_________\n(^١) هكذا ضبطت فى الأصل. وفى البخارى: \"الْفُفْنَها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٩٢) من طريق ابن جريج به إلى قوله: الففنها فيه. وتقدم فى (٦٧٠٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٦١).\n(^٤) كتب تحتها فى الأصل: كذا، وفى م: \"بالمرأة\".","vol":"7","page":292},{"text":"يقولُ: تُلَفُّ بثَوبٍ تَحتَ الدَّرعِ. ولا أُراه إلَّا ذَلِكَ. أخبَرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ زَنجُويَه. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٦٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى نوحُ بنُ حَكيمٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ وكانَ قارِئًا لِلقُرآنِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عُروةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ يُقالُ له: داودُ- قَد ولَّدَته أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ أبى سُفيانَ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢) عن لَيلَى بنتِ قانِفٍ الثَّقَفيَّةِ قالَت: كُنتُ فيمَن غَسَلَ أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ وفاتِها، فكانَ أوَّلَ ما أعطانا الحِقاءُ (^٣)، ثُمَّ الدِّرعُ، ثُمَّ الخِمارُ، ثُمَّ المِلحَفَةُ، ثُمَّ أُدرِجَت بَعدُ فى الثوبِ الآخِرِ. قالَت: ورسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- جالِسٌ عِندَ البابِ مَعَه كَفَنُها يُناوِلُناه ثَوبًا ثَوبًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1510>بابُ الإِنسانِ يَموتُ فى البحرِ</span>\n\n٦٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنِى حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ وثابِت، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ. فذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٠٩٣).\n(^٢) ولدته: ربته وتولت أمره. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) الحقاء: الإزار. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٧/ ٤٥٥ (ح ق و).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٠٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٣٥)، والبخارى فى الصغير ١/ ٤٥، وأبو داود (٣١٥٧) من طريق يعقوب به، وعند البخارى مقتصرًا على: الحقاء. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٦٩١).","vol":"7","page":293},{"text":"الحديثَ، قال فيه: فرَكِبَ البحرَ فماتَ، فلَم يَجِدوا له جَزيرَةً إلَّا بَعدَ سَبعَةِ أيّامٍ، فدَفَنوه فيها ولَم يَتَغَيَّرْ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيَّ أنَّه قال: يُغْسَلُ ويُكَفنُ ويُصَلَّى عَلَيه ويُطرَحُ فى البحرِ. وفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: جُعِلَ فى زِنبيلٍ (^٢) ثُمَّ قُذِفَ به فى البحرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1511>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ كَفَنَ المَيِّتِ ومَئونَتَه مِن رأسِ المالِ بالمَعروفِ</span>\n\n٦٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"ما يَسُرُّنِى أنَّ لِى مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أُنفِقُه فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أموتُ حينَ أموتُ وأُخَلِّفُ عَشْرَةَ أواقٍ إلَّا فى ثمَنِ كَفَنٍ أو قَضاءِ دَينِ\" (^٤).\n\n٦٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن خَبّابٍ قال: هاجَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- ونَحنُ نَبتَغِى وجهَ اللهِ، فوَقَعَ أجرُنا على اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٤٢٣ من طريق المصنف به. وابن حبان (٧١٨٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) الزنبيل: القفة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٣/ ١٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٩٦١)، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط ٩/ ٤٥٤ بالرواية الثانية.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥١: الحكم واه.","vol":"7","page":294},{"text":"فمِنّا مَن مَضَى مِن قَبلُ ولَم يأكُلْ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا، كان مِنهُم مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ ولَم يَترُكْ إلَّا نَمِرَةً، فكُنّا إذا غَطَّينا رأسَه بَدَت رِجلاه، وإِذا غَطَّينا رِجلَيه بَدا رأسُه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"غَطُّوا رأسَه، واجعَلوا على رِجلَيه مِنَ الإِذخِرِ\". ومِنّا مَن أينَعَت له ثَمَرَتُه فهو يَهدِبُها (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ ابنُ بنتِ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَدَى، أخبرَنا أبو مَرْوانَ العُثمانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أُتِيَ ابنُ عَوفٍ يَعنِى عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بطَعامٍ فقالَ: قُتِلَ مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ وكانَ خَيرًا مِنِّى، فلَم يوجَدْ له إلا بُردَةٌ يُكَفنُ فيها، وقُتِلَ حَمزَةُ -أو رَجُل آخَرُ- وكانَ خَيرًا مِنِّى، فلَم يوجَدْ له إلَّا بُردَةٌ يُكَفنُ فيها، ما أظنُّنا إلا قَد عُجِّلَت لَنا حَسَناتُنا فى حَياتِنا الدُّنيا (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ المَكَىِّ عن إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٢٩٠٦) عن أبى أحمد محمد بن عبد الوهاب به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٤٦) من طريق جعفر به. وتقدم فى (٦٧٦٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٧٦، ٣٨٩٧، ٣٩١٤، ٤٠٤٧، ٤٠٨٢، ٦٤٤٨)، ومسلم (٩٤٠/ ٤٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٢٩٩. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر فى جامع بيان العلم وفضله (١٣٦٢) من طريق أبى مروان به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٤٨) من طريق إبراهيم به. وتقدم فى (٦٧٦٥)، وسيأتى فى (٦٨٩٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢٧٤).","vol":"7","page":295},{"text":"٦٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ (^١) إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الضبغِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ضُمَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: الكَفَنُ مِن رأسِ المالِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1512>بابُ السِّقْطِ يُغسَّلُ ويُكَفَّنُ ويُصَلَّى عَلَيه إنِ استَهَلَّ (^٣) أو عُرِفَت له حَياة</span>\nرُوِىَ مَعناه فى الصَّلاةِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤) وابنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n\n٦٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ- قال: وأحسِبُ أنَّ أهلَ زيادٍ أخبَرونِى أنَّه رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الرّاكِبُ يَسيرُ خَلفَ الجِنازَةِ، والماشِى خَلفَها وأَمامَها، وعن يَمينِها، وعن يَسارِها قَريبًا مِنها، والسِّقطُ يُصَلَّى عَلَيه ويُدعَى لِوالِدَيه بالمَغفِرَةِ والرَّحمَةِ\" (^٦).\n\n٦٨٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ص ٣: \"يعقوب بن\". خطأ؛ ينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٢١.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥٢: إسناده واه.\n(^٣) استهلال الصبى: تصويته عند ولادته. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٣١٦٩)، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٣٠٢٣).\n(^٥) سيأتى فى (٦٨٧٤).\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣١٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٨١) من طريق يونس به. وسيأتى فى (٦٩٤٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٢٣).","vol":"7","page":296},{"text":"الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"بالعافيَةِ والرَّحمَةِ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ فى الماشِى: \"خَلفَها وأَمامَها\" (^١).\nقال إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ: قَولُ يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى بَعضُ أهلِه أنَّه رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِى -ﷺ-، رِوايَةٌ ليونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَةَ.\n\n٦٨٦٣ - قال التنيخُ: أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (^٢)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى زيادُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى جُبَيرُ بنُ حَيَّةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يقولُ: \"الرّاكِبُ خَلفَ الجِنازَةِ، والماشِى قَريبًا مِنها، والطِّفلُ يُصَلَّى عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n٦٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: إذا استَهَلَّ الصَّبِيُّ ورِثَ وصُلِّىَ عَلَيهِ (^٤). مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"غنام\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٥٠٧) من طريق روح به. وأحمد (١٨١٦٢)، والترمذي (١٠٣١)، والنسائى (١٩٤٢) من طريق سعيد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٣١٧٢) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٩ من طريق =","vol":"7","page":297},{"text":"٦٨٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ المَكِّيُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: فال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إذا استَهَلَّ الصَّبيُّ ورِثَ وصُلِّىَ عَلَيه\" (^١). إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمِ المَكِّيُّ غَيرُه أوثَقُ مِنه (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٦٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقِيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هِلال بن العَلاءِ الرَّقَيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الأوزاعي عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إذا استَهَلَّ المَولودُ صُلِّىَ عَلَيه ووَرِثَ ووُرِثَ\" (^٣).\n\n٦٨٦٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمان بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ الدَّيباجِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ،\n_________\n= عطاء به.\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٣. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٣٢) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث قد اضطرب الناس فيه، فرواه بعضهم عن أبى الزبير عن جابر عن النبى -ﷺ- مرفوعا، وروى أشعث بن سوار وغير واحد عن أبى الزبير عن جابر موقوفا ... وكأن هذا أصح من الحديث المرفوع. وأخرجه النسائى (١٣٥٨)، وابن ماجه (١٥٠٨) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣١٤٩).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥٣: بقية إذا قال: عن. فليس بعمدة.","vol":"7","page":298},{"text":"عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا استَهَلَ الصَّبِىُّ ورِثَ ووُوِثَ وصُلِّىَ عَلَيه\" (^١). قالَ سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا إسحاقُ.\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه المُغيرَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، وَروِّيناه فى كِتابِ الفَرائضِ مِن حَديثِ، أبى هريرةَ مَوفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٦٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- قال: صَلُّوا على أطفالِكُم؛ فإِنَّهُم أحَقُّ مَن صَلَّيتُم عَلَيهِ (^٤).\nوقَد روِىَ هَذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٦٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن ولَدِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أحَقُّ ما صَلّيتُم غلَيه أطفالُكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٠٣٢) من طريق محمد بن أحمد بن أبى خلف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٣٥٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٨ من طريق المغيرة بن مسلم، وليس ابن صالح.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٢٦١٥).\n(^٤) أخرج ابن أبى الدنيا فى كتاب العيال (٤١٧) من طريق قتادة بلفظ: إن آخر ما صلينا أطفالنا.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٨ من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين، وعنده: عامر. بدلًا من: عاصم. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٥٣: ليث لين، وعاصم لا يعرف.","vol":"7","page":299},{"text":"٦٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على ابنِه إبراهيمَ، وماتَ وهو ابنُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، وقالَ: \"إنَّ له فى الجَنَّةِ مَن يُتِمُّ رَضاعَه، وهو صِدِّيقٌ\" (^١).\n\n٦٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ قال: سَمِعتُ البَهِيَّ قال: لمَّا ماتَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فى المَقاعِدِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو على، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قَرأتُ على سعيدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ الطّالْقانِيِّ: حَدَّثكمُ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- صَلَّى على ابنِه إبراهيمَ وهو ابنُ سَبعينَ لَيلَةً (^٣).\n\n٦٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٩٧) عن الاسود به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥٣: جابر هو الجعفى، واه.\n(^٢) المقاعد: مكان عند باب الأُقر بالمدينة، وقيل: دكاكين عند دار عثمان. ينظر غريب الحديث للخطابي ٢/ ١١٢، ومعجم البدان ٤/ ٥٨٧.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣١٨٨)، وفى المراسيل (٤٣١).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣١٨٨)، والمراسيل (٤٣٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى العيال (٤٢٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به بلفظ: تسعين. بدلًا من: سبعين. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٥٣: هذا مع إرساله منكر، وكلاهما من سنن (د).","vol":"7","page":300},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- صَلَّى على ابنِه إبراهيمَ حينَ ماتَ (^١).\nفهَذِه الآثارُ وإِن كانَت مَراسيلَ فهِىَ تَشُدُّ المَوصولَ قَبلَه، وبَعضها يَشُدُّ بَعضا، وقَد أثبَتوا صَلاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على ابنِه إبراهيمَ، وذَلِكَ أولَى مِن رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى أنَّه لَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٦٨٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان لا يُصلِّى على السِّقطِ حَتَّى يَستَهِلَّ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا شاذانُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه صَلَّى على المَنفوسِ (^٣)، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ أعِذْه مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ (^٤).\n\n٦٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٥/ ٤٠٣ عن نافع بنحوه.\n(^٣) المنفوس: الطفل حين ولادته. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ١٥، والنهاية ٥/ ٩٥.\n(^٤) ابن شاذان فى مشيخته (١٢). وأخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ١١/ ٣٧٤ من طريق أحمد بن الوليد به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٦١٠) عن الثورى فقط دون ذكر شعبة. وابن أبى الدنيا فى كتاب العيال (٤٢٠) من طريق شعبة دون ذكر سفيان. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٩٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"7","page":301},{"text":"ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى على المَنفوسِ الَّذِى لَم يَعمَلْ خَطيئَةً قَطُّ، ويَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْه لَنا فَرَطًا وسَلَفًا وأجرًا. قال نُعَيمٌ: وقيلَ لِبَعضِهِم: أتُصَلِّى على المَنفوسِ الَّذِى لَم يَعمَلْ خَطيئَةً قَطُّ؟ قال: قَد صُلِّىَ على رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- وكانَ مَغفورًا له؛ بمَنزِلَةِ مَن لَم يَعصِ الله ﷿.","vol":"7","page":302},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1513>جِماعُ أبوابِ الشَّهيدِ، ومَن يُصَلَّى عَلَيه ويُغسَلُ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1514>بابٌ: المُسلِمونَ يَقتُلُهُمُ المُشرِكونَ في المُعتَرَكِ فلا يُغْسَلُ القَتلَى ولا يُصَلَّى عَلَيهِم ويُدفَنونَ بكُلومِهِم ودِمائِهِم</span>\n\n٦٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ جابِرًا أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- كان يَجمَعُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ مِن قَتلَى أُحُدٍ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ، ويَسأَلُ: \"أيُّهُما كان أكثَرَ أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ؟ \". فإِذا أُشيرَ إلَى أحَدِهِما قَدَّمَه فى اللَّحدِ، وقالَ: \"أنا أشهَدُ على هَؤُلاءِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". وأَمَرَ بدَفنِهِم بدِمائِهِم، ولَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيهِم ولَم يُغْسَلوا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى خَليفَةَ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ بطولِه، وعن أبى الوَليدِ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٦٨٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ (^٣) بنُ الفَضلِ الأَدَمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٣٨)، والترمذى (١٠٣٦)، والنسائى (١٩٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٥١٤)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٧) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتى فى (٧٠٠٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٤٣) عن عبد الله بن يوسف، و(١٣٤٦) عن أبى الوليد.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"سلمة\"، وفى ص ٣: \"مسلم\". والمثبت كما تقدم في (٥٤٨٢، ٥٩٩٢).","vol":"7","page":303},{"text":"فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ، إلا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"أيُّهُما أكثَرُ أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ؟ \". وقالَ: \"أنا شَهيدٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بن سعيدٍ (^٢). وكذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن لَيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\nوخالَفَه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ فرَواه عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n\n٦٨٧٩ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ شُهَداءَ أُحُدٍ لَم يُغْسَلوا، [ودُفِنوا بدِمائِهِم ولَم يُصَلَّ عَلَيهم] (^٤).\n\n٦٨٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ. قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ قالا: حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بن مالكٍ قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بحَمزَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٣٦)، والنسائى (١٩٥٤) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٧) من طريق يزيد بن خالد. وابن ماجه (١٥١٤) عن ابن رمح، كلاهما عن ليث به. وسيأتي فى (٧٠٠٦). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٩١).\n(^٤) فى م: \"ولم يصل عليهم ودفنوا بدمائهم\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٣٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٨٨).","vol":"7","page":304},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ -﵁- وقَد جُدِعَ (^١) ومُثِّلَ به، فقالَ: \"لَولا أن تَجِدَ (^٢) صَفيَّةُ تَرَكْتُه حَتَّى يَحشُرَه اللَّهُ مِن بطونِ الطَّيرِ والسِّباعِ\". فكَفَّنَه فى نَمِرَةٍ إذا خُمِّرَ رأسُه بَدَت رِجلاه، وإِذا خُمِّرَ رِجلاه بَدا رأسُه، فخَمَّرَ رأسَه، ولَم يُصَلِّ على أَحَدٍ مِنَ الشُّهَداءِ غَيرِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أنا شاهِدٌ عَلَيكُمُ الَيومَ\". وكانَ يَجمَعُ الثَّلاثَةَ والاثنَينِ في قَبرٍ واحِدٍ، ويَسأَلُ: \"أيُهُم أكثَرُ قُرآنًا؟ \". فيُقَدِّمُه فى اللَّحدِ، وكَفَّنَ الرَّجلَينِ والثلاثَةَ فى الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: هذه اللَّفظَةُ: ولَم يُصَلِّ على أحَدٍ مِنَ الشُّهَداءِ غَيرِه. لَيسَت بمَحفوظَةٍ (^٤).\nقالَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ فى كِتابِ \"العلل\": سأَلتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ يَعنِى إسنادَه، فقالَ: حَديثُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ هو حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ، وحَديثُ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ هو غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، غَلِطَ فيه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ: عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن أبيهِ:\n\n٦٨٨١ - أَخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الجدع: قطع الأنف والأذن والشفة، وهو بالأنف أخص، فإذا أطلق غلب عليه. النهاية ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) أى: تحزن وتجزع. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ١٦٤.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٥٧) عن الحاكم بالإسناد الثانى، والحاكم ١/ ٣٦٦. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٢، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١١٦ من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٤) علل الدارقطنى ١٢/ ١٧٣.\n(^٥) علل الترمذى (٢٥١، ٢٥٢).","vol":"7","page":305},{"text":"أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ القَطَوانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال يَومَ أُحُدٍ: \"مَن رأَى مَقتَلَ حَمزَةَ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ أعزَلُ: أنا رأَيتُ مَقتَلَه. قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فأَرِناه\". فخَرَجَ حَتَّى وقَفَ على حَمزَةَ، فرآه قَد شُقَّ بَطنُه وقَد مُثِّلَ به، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، قَد مُثِّلَ به واللَّهِ. فكَرِه رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أن يَنظُرَ إلَيه، ثُمَّ وقَفَ بَينَ ظَهرَىِ القَتلَى فقالَ: \"أنا شَهيدٌ على هَؤُلاءِ، لُفّوهُم فى دِمائِهِم؛ فإِنه لَيسَ جَريحٌ يُجرَحُ إلَّا جاءَ جُرحُه (^١) يَومَ القيامَةِ يَدمَى، لَونُه لَونُ الدَّمِ وريحُه ريحُ المِسكِ\". وقالَ: \"قَدِّموا أكثّرُ القَومِ قُرآنًا فاجعَلوا فى اللَّحدِ\" (^٢). وفِى هَذا زياداتٌ لَيسَت فى رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ زيادَةٌ لَيسَت فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن تكونَ رِوايَتُه عنه عن جابِرٍ، وعَنه عن أبيه صحيحَتينِ، وإِن كانَتا مُختَلِفَتَينِ؛ فاللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ ﵀ إمامٌ حافِظٌ، فرِوايَتُه أولَى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقيلَ: عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا مُختَصَرًا:\n\n٦٨٨٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"وجرحه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٨٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٥١)، والطبرانى فى الكبير ١٩/ ٨٢ (١٦٧)، وفى الدعاء (١٩٧٣) من طريق خالد به.","vol":"7","page":306},{"text":"أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أشرَفَ على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ، فقالَ: \"إنِّى قَد شهِدتُ على هَؤُلاءِ، فزَمِّلوهُم (^١) بدِمائِهِم وكلومِهِم\" (^٢). قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: وثبتَنِى في هَذا الحديثِ مَعمَرٌ.\nوقيلَ: عنه عن جابِرٍ:\n\n٦٨٨٣ - أخبَرَناه أَبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الأبِيوَرْدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ أشرَفَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على الشُهَداءِ الَّذينَ قُتِلوا يَومَئذٍ فقالَ: \"زَمِّلوهُم بدِمائِهِم فإِنِّى عَلَيهِم شَهيدٌ\". وكانَ يُدفَنُ الرَّجُلُ والرَّجلانِ والثَّلاثَةُ في القَبرِ الواحِدِ، ويُسأَلُ أيُّهُم كان أقرأَ لِلقُرآنِ فيُقَدِّمونَه. قال جابِرٌ: فدُفِنَ أبى وعَمِّى يَومَئذٍ في قَبرٍ واحِدٍ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) زملوهم: أى لفوهم في ثيابهم. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٥٩) عن سفيان به، وأحمد (٢٣٦٥٧)، والنسائى (٢٠٠١) من طريق الزهرى به.\nوعند أحمد: \"زملوهم في ثيابهم\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٨٩٢).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٣، ٩٥٨٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢٣٦٦٠). وسيأتى (٧٠٠٦).","vol":"7","page":307},{"text":"الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لا يُكلَمُ أحَدٌ في سبيلِ اللهِ -واللهُ أعلَمُ بمَن يُكلَمُ في سَبيلِه- إلَّا جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وجُرحُه يثعَبُ (^١) دَمًا، اللَّونُ لونُ الدَّمِ، والرّيحُ ريحُ المِسكِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبى الزِّنادِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1515>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على شُهَداءِ أُحُدٍ</span>\n\n٦٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مالكٍ الغِفارِىَّ يقولُ: كان قَتلَى أُحُدٍ يُؤتَى بتِسعَةٍ وعاشِرُهُم حَمزَةُ، فيُصَلِّى عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ثُمَّ يُحمَلونَ، ثُمَّ يُؤتَى بتِسعَةٍ فيُصَلِّى عَلَيهِم وحَمزَةُ مَكانَه، حَتَى صَلَّى عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- (^٤).\n\n٦٨٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ، حدثنا حُصَين، عن أبى مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) يثعب: أى يتفجر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٢.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٦١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٦٥٢). وسيأتى في (١٨٥٦٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٨٠٣)، ومسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٣ من طريق آدم به. والدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٨ من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٤٢٧) من طريق حصين به.","vol":"7","page":308},{"text":"الغِفارِىِّ أنَّه قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً، في كُل عَشَرَةٍ مِنهُم حَمزَةُ، حَتَّى صَلَّى عَلَيه سَبعينَ صَلاةً (^١).\nهَذا أصَحُّ ما في هَذا البابِ وهو مُرسَلٌ، أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" بمَعناه قال: حدثنا هَنّادٌ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يَومَ أُحُدٍ على حَمزَةَ سَبعينَ صَلاةً؛ بَدأَ بحَمزة فصَلَّى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَدعو بالشُّهَداءِ فيُصَلِّى عَلَيهِم وحَمزَةُ مَكانَه (^٢). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ، وحَديثُ جابِرٍ مَوصولٌ، وكانَ أبوه مِن شُهَداءِ أُحُدٍ.\n\n٦٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا قُتِلَ حَمزَةُ يَومَ أُحُدٍ أقبَلَت صَفيَّةُ تَطلُبُه لا تَدرِى ما صَنَعَ، فلَقِيَتْ عَليًّا والزُّبَيرَ، فقالَ عليٌّ لِلزُّبَيرِ: اذكُرْ لأُمِّكَ. فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: لا بَلِ اذكُرْ أنتَ لِعَمَّتِكَ. قال: فقالَت: ما فعَلَ حَمزَةُ؟ فأَرَياها أنَّهُما لا يَدريانِ. قال: فجاءَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: \"إنِّى أخافُ على عَقلِها\". فوَضَعَ يَدَه على صَدرِها ودَعا لَها. قال: فاستَرجَعَت وبَكَت، قال: ثُمَّ جاءَ فقامَ عَلَيه وقَد مُثلَ به فقالَ: \"لَولا جَزَعُ النِّساءِ لتَرَكتُه حَتَّى يُحشَرَ مِن بُطونِ السِّباعِ وحَواصِلِ الطّيرِ\". قال: ثُمَّ أمرَ بالقَتلَى فجَعَلَ يُصَلِّى عَلَيهِم، فَتُوضَعُ تِسعَةٌ وحَمزَةُ فيُكَبِّرُ عَلَيهِم سَبعَ تكبيراتٍ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٥٦: كذا قال، ولعله سبع صلوات، إذ شهداء أحد سبعون أو نحوها.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٤٣٦).","vol":"7","page":309},{"text":"ويُرفَعونَ ويُترَكُ حَمزَةُ، ثُمَّ يُجاءَ بتِسعَةٍ فيُكَبِّرُ عَلَيهِم سَبعًا، حَتَى فرَغَ مِنهُم (^١). لا أحفَظُه إلا مِن حَديثِ أبى بكرِ ابنِ عَيّاشٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، وكانا غَيرَ حافِظينِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٨٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على حَمزَةَ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه تِسعًا (^٣). هَذا أولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٦٨٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِى، عن مِقسَمٍ وقَد أدرَكَه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على حَمزَةَ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه سَبعَ تكبيراتٍ، ولَم يُؤتَ بقَتيلٍ إلا صَلَّى عَلَيه مَعَه حَتَى صَلَّى عَلَيه اثنَتَينِ وسَبعينَ صَلاةً (^٤). وهَذا ضَعيفٌ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ إذا لَم يَذكُرِ اسمَ مَن حَدَّثَ عنه لَم يُفرَحْ بهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٧٨٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٣، والطبرانى في الكبير (٢٩٣٦) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ١١٨: فيه يزيد بن أبى زياد وهو ضعيف.\n(^٢) أبو بكر ابن عياش بن سالم الأسدى الكوفى الحناط. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٣٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٢٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٩٩: ثقة عابد، إلا أنه لما كبر ساء حفظه وكتابه صحيح. أما يزيد بن أبى زياد فقد تقدم عقب (٢٣٤٢).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٦٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٢/ ٥٤ من طريق يونس بن بكير به.","vol":"7","page":310},{"text":"ورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ عن الحَكَمِ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ. والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَّجِّ برِوايَتِهِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قال لِى شُعبَةُ: ائتِ جَريرَ بنَ حازِمٍ فقُلْ له: لا يَحِلُّ لَكَ أن تَروِىَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ؛ فإِنَّه كَذّابٌ. قال مَحمودٌ: فقُلتُ لأبِى داودَ: وكَيفَ ذاكَ؟ قال: فقالَ: قُلتُ لِشُعبَةَ: ما عَلامَةُ كذِبِهِ؟ قال: رَوَى عن الحَكَمِ أشياء فلَم أجِدْ لَها أصلًا. قُلتُ لِلحَكَمِ: صَلَّى النّبِيُّ -ﷺ- على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ؟ قال: لا. وقالَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ: حَدَّثَنِى الحَكَمُ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباس، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- صَلَّى على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ. وقال: قُلتُ لِلحَكَمِ: ما تَقولُ في أولادِ الزِّنى؟ قال: يَعتِقونَ. فقال: قُلتُ: عَمَّن؟ قال: فقالَ: يُروَى مِن حَديثِ البَصريّينَ عن علىٍّ -﵁-. قال: وقالَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ: حَدَّثَنِى الحَكَمُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّهُم يعتِقونَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1516>بابُ ذِكرِ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى أنَّه صَلَّى عَلَيهِم بَعدَ ثَمانِ سِنيَن تَوديعًا لَهُم</span>\n\n٦٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم في المقدمة ١/ ٢٣ عن محمود بن غيلان به. وفيه أنه سأله عن الصلاة على أولاد الزنى، ولم يذكر عتقهم.","vol":"7","page":311},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يَومًا، فصَلَّى على أهلِ أُحُدٍ صَلاتَه على المَيِّتِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ إلَى المِنبَرِ فقالَ: \"إنى فرَطُكُم، وأَنا شَهيدٌ عَلَيكُم، إنِّى واللِه لأنظُرُ الآنَ إلَى حَوضِى، وإِنِّى قَد أُعطيتُ خَزائنَ مَفاتيحِ الأرضِ أو مَفاتيحَ الأرضِ، وإنِّى والله ما أخافُ عَلَيكُم أن تُشرِكوا بَعدِى، ولَكِنِّى (^١) أخافُ عَلَيكُم أن تَنافَسوا فيها\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٦٨٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن حَيوَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ هو ابنُ عامِرٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على قَتلَى أُحُدٍ بَعدَ ثَمانِ سِنينَ كالموَدِّعِ لِلأحياءِ والأمواتِ، ثُمَّ طَلَعَ المِنبَرَ فقالَ: \"إنِّى بَينَ أيديكُم فرَطٌ، وأَنا عَلَيكُم شَهيدٌ، ومَوعِدُكُمُ الحَوضُ، وإنِّى لأنظُرُ إلَيه مِن مَقامِى هَذا، وإنى لَستُ أخشَى عَلَيكُم أن تُشرِكوا ولَكِنِّى أخشَى عَلَيكُمُ الدُّنيا أن تَنافَسوها\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ولكن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٤٤)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٣)، والنسائى (١٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٩٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٩٦/ ٣٠).","vol":"7","page":312},{"text":"فكانَت آخِرَ نَظرَةٍ نَظَرتُها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ (^٢)، ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: قال عُقبَةُ: فكانَ آخِرَ ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على المِنبَرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1517>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ أن يُكَفَّنَ في ثيابِه التى قُتِلَ فيها بَعدَ أن يُنزَعَ عنه الحَديدُ والجُلودُ وما لَم يَكُنْ مِن عامِّ لَبوسِ النّاسِ</span>\n\n٦٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدّارَبَردِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: رُمِىَ رَجُلٌ في صَدرِه أو في حَلقِه فماتَ، فأُدرجَ كما هو في ثيابِه ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n٦٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٠٢)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٤) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٣/ ٢٢٩٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٣٣) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (١٤٩٥٢) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٨٧).","vol":"7","page":313},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ ﵌ بقَتلَى أُحُدٍ أن يُنزَعَ عَنهُمُ الحَديدُ والجُلودُ، وأَن يُدفَنوا بدِمائِهِم وثيابِهِم (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى في الرُّخصَةِ في تكفينِه في غَيرِ ثيابِه التى قُتِلَ فيها حَديثُ حَمزَةَ ابنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ ومُصعَبِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n٦٨٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أُتِيَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بطَعامٍ فقالَ: قُتِلَ مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرِ بنِ هاشِمٍ، فلَم يوجَدْ ما يُكَفَّنُ فيه إلا بُردَةٌ، وكانَ خَيرًا مِنِّى، وقُتِلَ حَمزَةُ -أو رَجُلٌ آخَرُ- فلَم يوجَدْ ما يُكَفنُ فيه إلا بُردَةٌ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1518>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُستَشهَدُ في المَعرَكَةِ</span>\n\n٦٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَويُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨١٧)، وأبو داود (٣١٣٤)، وابن ماجه (١٥١٥) من طريق على بن عاصم به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٨٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٧٦٥، ٦٧٦٦، ٦٨٥٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٨٥٩) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد، وفى (٦٧٦٥) من طريق سعد.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢٧٤).","vol":"7","page":314},{"text":"ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه في قِصةِ أُحُدٍ وقَتلِ شَدّادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ -الَّذِى كان يُقالُ له: ابنُ شَعُوبَ- حَنظَلَةَ بنَ أبى عامِرٍ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنَّ صاحِبَكُم تَغسِّلُه المَلائكَةُ، فاسأَلوا صاحِبَتَه\". فقالَت: خَرَجَ وهو جُنُبٌ لَمّا سَمِعَ الهائعَةَ (^١). فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لِذَلِكَ غَسَّلَته المَلائكَةُ\". كَذا قال بهَذا الإِسنادِ (^٢).\n\n٦٨٩٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أَبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"إنَّ صاحِبكُم تُغَسِّلُه المَلائكَةُ -يَعنِي حَنظَلَةَ- فاسأَلوا أهلَه: ما شأنُه؟ \". فسُئلَت صاحِبَتُه فقالَت: خَرَجَ وهو جُنُبٌ حينَ سَمِعَ الهائعَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لِذَلِكَ غَسَّلَته المَلائكَةُ\" (^٣).\nقال [يونُسُ: فحَدَّثَنى زَكَريّا بنُ أَبى زائدَةَ عن عامِرٍ قال: قُتِلَ حَمزَةُ يَومَ أحُدٍ، وقُتِلَ حَنظَلَه بنُ الرّاهِبِ يَومَ أُحُدٍ وهو الَّذِى طَهَّرَته المَلائكَةُ] (^٤). كِلاهُما مُرسَلٌ، وهو فيما بَينَ أهلِ المَغازِى مَعروف.\n\n٦٨٩٧ - ورَوَى أبو شَيبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَظَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إلَى حَنظَلَةَ الرّاهِبِ وحَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ تَغسِلُهُما المَلائكَةُ.\n_________\n(^١) الهائعة: الصوت الشديد. الفائق ٣/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٠٤ وصححه، وابن إسحاق في السيرة ص ٣١٢، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٧٠٢٥).\n(^٣) سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٧٥.\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٣.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٧٤٦، ٣٧٧٦٢) من طريق زكريا به.","vol":"7","page":315},{"text":"أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى العَنبَرِ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، [حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ] (^١). فذَكَرَه (^٢). وأبو شَيبَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1519>بابُ المُرتَثِّ (^٤)، والَّذِى يُقتَلُ ظُلمًا في غَيِر مُعتَرَكِ الكُفّارِ، والَّذِى يَرجِعُ عَلَيه (^٥) سَيفُهُ</span>\n\n٦٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني عِكرِمَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، أخبَرَنى شَدّادُ بنُ الهادِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأعرابِ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فآمَنَ واتَّبَعَه فقالَ: أُهاجِرُ مَعَكَ. فأَوصَى به النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بَعضَ أصحابِه، فلَمّا كانَت غَزوَةُ خَيبَرَ غَنِمَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- شَيئًا، فقَسَمَ وقَسَمَ له، فأَعطَى أصحابَه ما قَسَمَ له، وكانَ يَرعَى ظَهرَهُم، فلَمّا جاءَ دَفَعوه إلَيه فقالَ: ما هَذا؟ قال: قَسْمٌ قَسَمَه لَكَ. فأَخَذَه فجاءَ به النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: ما هَذا يا محمدُ؟ قال: \"قَسْمٌ قَسَمتُه لَكَ\". قال: ما على هَذا اتبعتُكَ، ولَكِنِ اتبعتُكَ على أن أُرمَى ههنا -وأَشارَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦/ ٤٤٢ من طريق السلمى به. والطبرانى ١١/ ٣٩٥ (١٢١٠٨) من طريق منصور به. والطبرانى ١١/ ٣٩١ (١٢٠٩٤) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٦٨٣).\n(^٤) المرتث: الصريع الذى يثخن في الحرب ويحمل حيا ثم يموت. تاج العروس ٥/ ٢٥٨ (ر ث ث).\n(^٥) في م: \"إليه\".","vol":"7","page":316},{"text":"حَلْقِه- بسَهمٍ فأَموتَ فأَدخَلَ الجَنَّةَ. فقالَ: \"إن تَصدُقِ اللهَ يَصدُقْكَ\". ثُمَّ نَهَضوا إلَى قِتالِ العَدوِّ، فأُتِيَ به النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يُحمَلُ وقَد أصابَه سَهمٌ حَيثُ أشارَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"هو هو؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"صَدَقَ اللَّهَ فصَدَقَه! \". فكَفَّنَه النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- في جُبَّتِه، ثُمَّ قَدَّمَه وصَلَّى عَلَيه، فكانَ مِمّا ظَهَرَ مِن صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ هَذا عبدُكَ، خَرَجَ مُهاجِرًا في سَبيلكَ، قُتِلَ شَهيدًا، أنا عَلَيه شَهيدٌ\". قال عَطاءٌ: وزَعَموا أنَّه لَم يُصلِّ على أهلِ أُحُدٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ابنُ جُرَيجٍ يَذكُرُه عن عَطاء. ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هَذا الرَّجُلُ بَقِىَ حَيًّا حَتَّى انقَطَعَتِ الحَربُ ثُمَّ ماتَ، فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، والَّذينَ لَم يُصلِّ عَلَيهِم بأُحُدٍ ماتوا قَبلَ انقِضاءِ الحَربِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبى الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يقولُ في مَسيرِه إلَى خَيبَرَ لِعامِرِ بنِ الأكوَعِ، وكانَ اسمَ الأكوَعِ سِنانٌ: \"انزِلْ يا ابنَ الأكوَعِ فخُذْ (^٢) لَنا مِن هَناتِكَ (^٣) \". فنَزَلَ يَرتَجِزُ برسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- ويَقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٢، وعبد الرزاق (٩٥٩٧). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٥٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (١٨٤٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"فاحد\".\n(^٣) هناتك: كلماتك أو أراجيزك. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"7","page":317},{"text":"واللَّهِ لَولا أنتَ ما اهتَدَينا ... ولا تَصَدَّقنا ولا صَلَّينا\nفأَنزِلَنْ سَكينَةً عَلَينا ... وثَبِّتِ الأقدامَ إن لاقَينا\nإنَّ بَنِى الكُفّارِ قَد بَغَوا عَلَينا ... وإِن أرادوا فِتنَةً أبَينا\nفقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"رَحِمَكَ رَبُّكَ\". فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: وجَبَت واللهِ، لَو مُتِّعنا (^١) به. فقُتِلَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ شَهيدًا، وكانَ قَتْلُه فيما بَلَغَنِى أنَّ سَيفَه رَجَعَ عَلَيه فكَلَمَه كَلْمًا شَديدًا وهو يُقاتِلُ فماتَ مِنه، [فكأنَّ المُسلِمينَ] (^٢) شَكُّوا فيه وقالوا: إنَّما قَتَلَه سِلاحُه. حَتَى سأَلَ ابنُ أخيه سَلَمَةُ بنُ عمرٍو رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وأَخبَرَه بقَولِ الناسِ فيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنَّه لَشَهيدٌ\". فصلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عَلَيه وصلَّى المُسلِمونَ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ غُسِلَ وكُفنَ وصُلَّىَ عَلَيهِ (^٤). زادَ فيه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: وحُنِّطَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"متعتنا\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فكان المسلمون\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٠٠ من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (١٥٥٥٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وليس عندهما ذكر صلاة النبى -ﷺ- عليه. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ١٤٨، ١٤٩: رجاله ثقات.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٠٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٦٨، ومالك ٢/ ٤٦٣، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٤٤٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٦٤٥) من طريق نافع به. وسيأتى في (١٦١٠٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١١١١) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"7","page":318},{"text":"٦٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: كان أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ لِلمُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: فصنَعَ له خِنجَرًا له رأسانِ، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ وَجَأَه (^١) على كَتِفِه، ووَجَأَه على مَكانٍ آخَرَ، ووَجأَه في خاصِرَتِه، فسَقَطَ عُمَرُ -﵁- (^٢). وقَد مَضى في الحديث الثّابِتِ عن حُصَينٍ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ في قِصَّةِ قَتلِ عُمَرَ -﵁- حينَ طَعَنَه، قال: فطارَ العِلجُ بالسِّكّينِ ذاتِ طَرَفَينِ لا يَمُرُّ على أحَدٍ يَمينًا ولا شِمالًا إلَّا طَعَنَه (^٣). وفِى ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه قُتِلَ بمُحَدَّدٍ ثُمَّ غُسِلَ وكُفِّنَ وصُلَّىَ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٦٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، أنَّ الحَسَنَ صَلَّى على عليٍّ -﵄- (^٤).\n\n٦٩٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ بَعدَ قَتلِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَير قال: وجاءَ\n_________\n(^١) أى: طعنه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٩١. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٧٣١)، وابن حبان (٦٩٠٥) من طريق جعفر به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٧٦، ٧٧: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٣٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ١٤٣ من طريق مولى لعلى عن الحسن.","vol":"7","page":319},{"text":"كِتابُ عبدِ المَلِكِ أن يُدفَعَ إلَى أهلِه، فأَتَيتُ به أسماءَ فغَسَلَته وكَفَّنَته وحَنَّطَته ثُمَّ دَفَنَته. قالَ أيّوبُ: وأَحسِبُه قال: فما عاشَت بَعدَ ذَلِكَ إلا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ ثُمَّ ماتَت. زادَ غَيرُه فيه: وصَلَّت عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1520>بابُ ما ورَدَ في المَقتولِ بسَيفِ أهلِ البَغيِ</span>\n\n٦٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الهاشِمِيُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسَ بنَ أبى حازِم يقولُ: قال عَمّارٌ: ادفِنونِى في ثيابِى؛ فإِنِّى مُخاصِمٌ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وقَبيصَةُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُخَوَّلٍ، عن العَيزارِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، قال زَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ: لا تَغسِلوا عَنِّى دَمًا، ولا تَنزِعوا عَنِّى ثَوبًا إلا الخُفَينِ، وارمِسونِي (^٣) في الأرضِ رَمْسًا؛ فإِنِّى رَجُلٌ مُحاجٌّ. زادَ أبو نُعَيمٍ: أُحاجُّ يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٤). كَذا قال عَمّارٌ، وزَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٩/ ٢٨ من طريق أبى الحسين به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١١٩٥) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٣/ ٤٧٧ من طريق المصنف به. وسيأتى في (١٦٨٥١).\n(^٣) ارمسونى: يقال: رمست الشئ: إذا واريته بالتراب. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٣/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٤٤٤ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به. وفي ١٩/ ٤٤٣ من طريق أبى نعيم به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٦٤٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٠٩٨) عن سفيان به. وسيأتى في (١٦٨٥٢).","vol":"7","page":320},{"text":"٦٩٠٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن أشعَثَ أنَّه أخبَرَهُم عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ عَليًّا صَلَّى على عَمّارِ ابنِ ياسِرٍ وهاشِمِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، فجَعَلَ عَمّارًا مِمّا يَليه وهاشِمًا أمامَه، فلَمّا أدخَلَه القَبرَ جَعَلَ عَمّارًا أمامَه وهاشِمًا مِمّا يَليهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1521>بابُ ما ورَدَ في غَسلِ بَعضِ الأعضاءِ إذا وُجِدَ مَقتولًا في غَيِر مَعرَكَةِ الكُفّار والصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، أنَّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ صَلَّى على رُءوسٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ طائرًا ألقَى يَدًا بمَكَّةَ في وقعَةِ الجَمَلِ، فعَرَفوها بالخاتَمِ فغَسَلوها وصَلَّوْا عَلَيها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1522>بابُ القَومِ يُصيبُهُم غَرَقٌ أو هَدمٌ أو حَرقٌ وفيهِم مُشرِكونَ، فصَلَّى عَلَيهِم ونَوَى بالصَّلاةِ المُسلِميَن قياسًا على ما ثَبَتَ في السَّلامِ</span>\n\n٦٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الكبير ٢٢/ ١٦٨ (٤٣٣)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٣/ ٤٧٩ من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٠٤)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٠١٢) من طريق ثور به.","vol":"7","page":321},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- رَكِبَ على حِمارٍ على إكافٍ على قَطيفَةٍ فدَكيَّةٍ، فأَردَفَ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ وراءَه يَعودُ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ قَبلَ وقعَةِ بَدرٍ، فسارَ حَتَّى مَرَّ بمَجلِسٍ فيه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أُبَيٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ -وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يُسلِمَ عبدُ اللهِ- فإِذا في المَجلِسِ أخلاطٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ والمُشرِكينَ عَبَدَةِ الأوثانِ واليَهودِ، وفِى المَجلِسِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ، فلَمّا غَشِيَتهُم عَجاجَةُ الدّابَّةِ (^١) خَمَّرَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أُبَيٍّ أنفَه برِدائِه، ثُمَّ قال: لا تُغَبِّروا عَلَينا. فسَلَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عَلَيهِم ووَقَفَ، فنَزَلَ فدَعاهُم إلَى اللهِ ﷿ وقَرأَ عَلَيهِمُ القُرآنَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّافِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ أخبَرَه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مَرَّ بمَجلِسٍ فيه أخلاطٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ واليَهودِ والمُشرِكينَ عَبَدَةِ الأوثانِ فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) عجاجة الدابة: أى غبارها الذى تثيره. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٦٨) من طريق الليث به. والبخارى (٤٥٦٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٠٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٦٣)، ومسلم (١٧٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٦٧)، والترمذى (٢٧٠٢)، وابن حبان (٦٥٨١) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. والبخارى (٦٢٥٤) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"7","page":322},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1523>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على مَن قتلَته الحُدودُ</span>\n\n٦٩١٠ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَي بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ أبا قِلابَة حَدَّثَه، عن أبى المهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ امرأَةً مِن جُهَينَةَ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وهِىَ حُبلَى مِنَ الزِّنى، فأَمَرَ -ﷺ- وليَّها أن يُحسِنَ إلَيها \"فإِذا وضَعَت حَملَها فأْتِني بها\". ففَعَلَ، فأَمَرَ بها فشُكَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها (^٢)، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فرُجمَت، ثُمَّ صَلَّي عَلَيها، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أتُصَلِّي عَلَيها وقَد زَنَت؟! فقالَ: \"لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ أهل المَدينَه لَوَ سِعَتْهُم، وهل وجَدتَ شَيئًا أفضَلَ مِن أن جادَت بنَفسِها؟ \" (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائى (^٤)،\n\n٦٩١١ - ورُوِّينا في حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه في الغامِديَّةِ التى رُجِمَت في الزِّني: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"فوالَّذِى بيَدِه لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً لَو تابَها\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٩٨/ ١١٦).\n(^٢) شكت عليها ثيابها: أى: شدت عليها لئلا تتجرد فتبدو عورتها. معالم السنن ٣/ ٣٢١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٥٦)، والطيالسى (٨٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٠٣)، وأبو داود (٤٤٤٠)، والنسائى (١٩٥٦) من طريق هشام به. وأحمد (١٩٨٦١)، والترمذى (١٤٣٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٠٣) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به. وسيأتى في (١٧٠٣٢، ١٧٠٧٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٩٦/ ٢٤).","vol":"7","page":323},{"text":"صاحِبُ مَكْسٍ (^١) لَغُفِرَ له\". ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فصُلِّى (^٢) عَلَيها ودُفِنَت. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا بَشيرُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ بَشيرٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٩١٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نَفَرٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، عن أبى بَرزَةَ (^٥) قال: لَم يُصلِّ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على ماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ، ولَم يَنهَ عن الصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِ (^٦).\nورُوَّينا عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أنَّه لَمّا رَجَمَ شُرَاحَةَ الهَمْدانيَّةَ قال: افعَلوا بها ما تَفعَلونَ بمَوتاكُم (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1524>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على مَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه غَيَر مُستَحِلٍّ لِقَتلِها</span>\n\n٦٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو رَوقٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) صاحب المكس: العشّار. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢٠/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطت في الأصل. وينظر إكمال المعلم ٥/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٤٩)، وأبو داود (٤٤٤٢)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧١٩٧) من طريق بشير به. وسيأتى في (١٧٠٣٤، ١٧٠٤٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٣).\n(^٥) في م: \"بردة\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٨٦) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٢٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٧) سيأتى في (١٧٠٤٣، ١٧٠٤٤).","vol":"7","page":324},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"صَلّوا خَلفَ كُلِّ بَرٍّ وفاجِرٍ، وصَلّوا على كُلِّ بَرٍّ وفاجِرٍ، وجاهِدوا مَعَ كُلِّ بَرٍّ وفاجِرٍ\". قال عليٌّ: مَكحولٌ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن أبى هريرةَ، ومَن دونَه ثِقاتٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد روىَ في الصَّلاةِ على كُلِّ بَرٍّ وفاجِرٍ والصَّلاةِ على مَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. أحاديثُ كُلُّها ضعيفٌ غايَةَ الضَّعفِ، وأَصَحُّ ما روىَ في هَذا البابِ حَديثُ مَكحولٍ عن أبى هريرةَ، وقَد أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٢)، إلَّا أنَّ فيه إرسالًا كما ذَكَرَه الدّارَقُطنِيُّ ﵀.\n\n٦٩١٤ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ قالا: حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- برَجُلٍ قَتَلَ نَفسَه بمَشاقِصَ (^٣) فلَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيهِ. هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عَونِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، وفِى حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ قال: مَرِضَ رَجُلٌ فصيحَ عَلَيه، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّه ماتَ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٥٧. وأخرجه اللالكائى في أصول الاعتقاد (٢٢٩٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٥١٢) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٦٥).\n(^٣) مشاقص: جمع مِشْقَص، وهو نصل السهم الطويل غير العريض، وقال ابن دريد: هو الطويل العريض. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧.","vol":"7","page":325},{"text":"قال: \"ما يُدريكَ؟ \" قال: إنَّه صِيحَ عَلَيهِ. قال رسولُ اللهِ: \"إنَّه لَم يَمُتْ\". ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ فرآه قَد نَحَرَ نَفسَه بمَشاقِصَ، فانطَلَقَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- فأَخبَرَه أنَّه ماتَ فقالَ:\"ما يُدريكَ؟ \". قال: رأَيتُه نَحَرَ نَفسَه بمَشاقِصَ. قال: \"إذن لا أُصَلِّى عَلَيه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَونِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ مختصَرًا (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىِّ أنَّه -ﷺ- إنَّما قال ذَلِكَ ليُحَذِّرَ النّاسَ بتَركِ الصَّلاةِ عَلَيه فلا يَرتكبوا كما ارتكَبَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٤٨، ٢٠٨٦١)، وأبو داود (٣١٨٥)، والنسائى (١٩٦٣) من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٢٠٨١٦، ٢٠٨٥٨، ٢٠٨٦٤، ٢٠٨٨٣)، والترمذى (١٠٦٨)، وابن ماجه (١٥٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣٠٩٣) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٨/ ١٠٧).","vol":"7","page":326},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1525>جِماعُ أبوابِ حَملِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1526>باب من حمل الجنازة فدار على جوانبها الأربَعَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فْورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نِسطاسَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-: إذا اتَّبعَ أحَدُكُمُ الجِنازَةَ فليأخُد بجِوانِبِ السَّريرِ الأربَعَةِ، ثُمَّ ليَتَطَوَّعْ بَعدُ أو ليَذرْ؛ فإِنَّه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1527>بابُ مَن حَمَلَ الجِنازَةَ فوَضَعَ السَّريرَ علي كاهِلِهِ بَيَن العَمودَينِ المُقدَّمَينِ</span>\n\n٦٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابن الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا (^٢) الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: رأَيتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ في جِنازَةِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قائمًا بَينَ العَمودَينِ المُقَدَّمَينِ واضِعًا السَّريرَ على كاهِلِهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، وحَديثُ العَسقَلانِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٣٣٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٧٨) من طريق منصور به. قال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٥٢٦): هذا إسناد موقوف رجاله ثقات وحكمه الرفع إلا أنه منقطع.\n(^٢) من هنا غير موجود في \"س\" إلى الحديث (٦٩٢٨).","vol":"7","page":327},{"text":"بمَعناه (^١).\n\n٦٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ مِن أصحابِنا، عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن عَمِّه عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ قال: رأَيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفانَ -﵁- يَحمِلُ بَينَ عَمودَى سَريرِ أُمِّه، فلَم يُفارِقْه حَتَّى وضَعَه (^٢).\n\n٦٩١٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ أنَّه رأَى ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- في جِنازَةِ رافِعٍ قائمًا بَينَ قائمَتَىِ السَّريرِ (^٣).\n\n٦٩١٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ يَحمِلُ بَينَ عَمودَى سَريرِ سَعدِ ابنِ أبى وقّاصٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٢٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٩١)، وفى المعرفة (٢١٠٦)، والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٢، والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٣٠٢ من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٠٧)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٠٢٤) عن الربيع به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٠٨)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٠٢٠) فقال: في جنازة عبد الرحمن بن أبى بكر.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٠٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٠٢٥) عن الربيع به.","vol":"7","page":328},{"text":"شُرَحْبيلَ بنِ أبى عَونٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَحمِلُ بَينَ عَمودَى سَريرِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ (^١).\n\n٦٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا مَعنٌ، حدثنا هارونُ مَولَى قُرَيشٍ قال: رأَيتُ المُطَّلِبَ بَينَ عَمودَىْ سَريرِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللِهِ. قال يَعقوبُ: كان عِندَنا: خارِجَة. فقالَ هِشامٌ: جابِر (^٢).\n\n٦٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ قال: شَهِدتُ جِنازَةَ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ وفيها ابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ عباسٍ، فانطَلَقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ حَتَّى أخَذَ بمُقَدَّمِ السَّريرِ بَينَ القائمَتَينِ فوَضَعَه على كاهِلِه، ثُمَّ مَشَى بها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1528>بابُ حَملِ المَيِّتِ على الأيدِى والرِّقابِ إن لَم يوجَدْ سَريرّ أو لَوحٌ</span>\n\n٦٩٢٣ - حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١١٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٥٨/ ١٧٦ من طريق الأصم به. وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٦٠) عن الربيع به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٥٦٢ من طريق شعبة به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٦٢: ابن عباس، المحفوظ موته قبل رافع بخمس سنين، وإسناد هذا قوى.","vol":"7","page":329},{"text":"سلَمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن كِنانَةَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ العَدَويَّ، عن أبى بَرْزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان في مَغزًى له، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِنَ القِتالِ قال: \"هَل تَفقِدونَ مِنْ أحَدٍ؟ \". قالوا: نَفقِدُ والله فُلانًا وفُلانًا وفُلانًا. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروا هَل تَفقِدونَ مِن أحَدٍ؟ \". قالوا: نَفقِدُ فُلانًا وفُلانًا. قال: \"لَكِنِّى أفقِدُ جُلَيْبِيبًا، فاطلُبُوه (^١) \". فوجَدُوه عِندَ سَبعَةٍ قَد قَتَلَهُم ثُمَّ قَتَلوه، فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فأُخبِرَ، فانتَهَى إلَيه فقالَ: \"قَتَلَ سَبعَةً ثُمَّ قَتَلوه، هَذا مِنِّي وأَنا مِنه، قَتَلَ سَبعَةً وقَتَلوه، هَذا مِنِّى وأَنا مِنه\". قالَها مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ قال بذِراعَيه هَكَذا فبَسَطَهُما، فوُضِعَ على ذِراعَىِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حَتَّى حُفِرَ له، فما كان له، سَريرٌ إلَّا ذِراعَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حَتَّى دُفِنَ. قال: وَمَا ذَكَرَ غَسلًا (^٢). أَخْرَجَهُ مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بن عُمَر بنِ سَليطٍ عن حَمّاد بِنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٢٤ - وفيما رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيلَ\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن حَجّاجٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ ابنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حُمِلَت جِنازَتُه على مِنسَجِ (^٤) فرَسٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَويُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٣.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٩٦٦)، وعنه أحمد (١٩٧٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٨٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٢٤٦)، وابن حبان (٤٠٣٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٧٢/ ١٣١).\n(^٤) المنسج: بمنزلة الكاهل من الإنسان. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٦١٦.\n(^٥) المراسيل (٤٢٦).","vol":"7","page":330},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1529>جِماعُ أبوابِ المَشيِ بالجِنَازَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1530>بابُ الإِسراعِ في المَشىِ بالجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩٢٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أسرِعوا بالجِنازَةِ؛ فإن تَكُ صالِحَةً فخَيرٌ تُقَدِّمونَها إلَيه، وإن تَكُنْ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فشَرٌّ تَضَعونه عن رِقابِكُم\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إلى بكرٍ وزُهَيرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مِهرانَ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ أوصَى عِندَ مَوتِه أَلَّا تَضرِبوا على قَبرِى فُسطاطًا، ولا تَتَبعونِي بمِجمَرٍ، وأَسرِعوا بى أسرِعوا بى؛ فإنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا وُضِعَ المُؤمِنُ على سَريرِه يقولُ. قَدِّمونِى قَدِّمونِى. وإذا وُضِعَ الكافِرُ على سَريرِه قال: يا ويلَتاه، أينَ تَذهَبونَ بى؟ \" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٠٩٣)، وفى المعرفة (٢١١٢)، وفى إثبات عذاب القبر (٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٧)، وأبو داود (٣١٨١)، والترمذى (١٠١٥)، والنسائى (١٩٠٩)، وابن ماجه (١٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣١٥)، ومسلم (٩٤٤/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩١٤) عن يزيد به. وأحمد (١٠١٣٧)، والنسائى (١٩٠٧)، وابن حبان (٣١١١) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٨٠٠).","vol":"7","page":331},{"text":"٦٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا وُضِعَتِ الجِنازَةُ فحَمَلَها الرِّجالُ على أعناقِهِم، فإِن كانَت صالِحَةً قالَت: قَدِّمونِى قَدِّمونِى. وإن كانَت غَيرَ صالِحَةٍ قالَت: يا ويلَتاه (^١)، أينَ تَذهَبونَ بها؟ يَسمَعُ صَوتَها كُلّ شَئٍ إلَّا الإنسانَ، ولَو سَمِعَها الإِنسان صَعِقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٢٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُيَينَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ في جِنازَةِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، فجَعَلَ زيادٌ ورِجالٌ مِن مَواليه يَمشونَ على أعقابِهِم (^٤) أمامَ السَّريرِ يَقولونَ: روَيدًا روَيدًا بارَكَ اللهُ فيكُم. قال: فلَحِقَهُم أبو بَكرَةَ في بَعضِ سِكَّةِ المِربَدِ، فحَمَلَ عَلَيهِمُ البَغلَةَ وشدَّ عَلَيهِم بالسَّوطِ وقالَ (^٥): خَلُّوا؛ والَّذِى أكرَمَ وجهَ أبى القاسِمِ -ﷺ- لَقَد رأَيتُنا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَنَكادُ أن نَرمُلَ (^٦) بها رَمَلًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"ويلتى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٥٢)، والنسائى (١٩٠٨)، وابن حبان (٣٠٣٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣١٤، ١٣١٦).\n(^٤) أى: يستقبلون السرير ويمشون إلى الخلف، كما عند النسائى.\n(^٥) في متن الأصل: \"قالوا\"، وفى الحاشية: صوابه \"قال\".\n(^٦) الرَّمَل: الإسراع في المشي مع هز المنكبين. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٧) الطيالسى (٩٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٠٠)، والنسائي (١٩١١)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤٣) من طريق عيينة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٨٠٤).","vol":"7","page":332},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^١) ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (^٢) ووَكيعٌ (^٣) وخالِدُ ابنُ الحارِثِ (^٤) وعيسَى بنُ يونُسَ (^٥) عن عُيَينَةَ.\nوخالَفَهُم شُعبَةُ عن عُيَينَةَ فقالَ: في جِنازَةِ عثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ:\n\n٦٩٢٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عُيَينَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان في جِنازَةِ عثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ، وكُنّا نَمشِى مَشيًا خَفيفًا، فلَحِقَنا أبو بكرَةَ فرَفَعَ سَوطَه قال: لَقَد رأَيتُنا ونَحنُ مَعَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَرمُلُ رَمَلًا (^٦).\n\n٦٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغْدادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى الجابِرُ، عن أبى ماجِدَةَ (^٧)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سأَلْنا نَبيَّنا -ﷺ- عن السَّيرِ بالجِنازَةِ قال: \"السَّيرُ ما دونَ الخَبَبِ (^٨)، فإِن كان خَيرًا يُعَجَّلُ إلَيه، وإن كان سِوَى ذَلِكَ فبُعدًا لأهلِ النّارِ، الجِنازَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٩١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٨٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٠٠) عن يحيى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٥٠)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٧/ ١٥ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (١٩١١) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٨٣) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٢٦).\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣١٨٢). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٧٧. وعنده بالشك: عبد الرَّحمن أو عثمان. وذكر البخاري أن رواية \"عثمان\" وهم. التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٢٧.\n(^٧) في حاشية الأصل: \"ماجد\". وكلاهما صواب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٢٤١.\n(^٨) الخبب: ضرب من العَدْو فيه اهتزاز. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٥٧.","vol":"7","page":333},{"text":"مَتبوعَةٌ، ولا تَتْبَعُ لَيسَ مَعَها مَن تَقَدَّمَها\" (^١). هَذا حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ. يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الجابِرُ ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، وأبو ماجِدَةَ -وقيلَ: أبو ماجِدٍ- مَجهولٌ (^٣)، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\nويُذكَرُ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ أنَّه لَمَّا احتُضِرَ حَضرَه ابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ عباسٍ، فقالَ لَهُمَا: إذا حَمَلتُم فأَسرِعوا بي، أسرِعوا بى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1531>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ شِدَّةَ الإِسراعِ بها مَخافَةَ انبِجاسِها</span>\n\n٦٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ الكوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرٌ يَحيَى ابنَ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: حَضَرنا مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ جِنازَةَ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيه وأَلِه وسَلَّمَ بسَرِفَ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: هذه مَيمونَةُ، إذا رَفَعتُم نَعشَها فلا تُزَعزِعوه ولا تُزَلزِلوه وارفُقوا؛ فَإِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يقدمها\". والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٧٣٤) من طريق زهير به، وأحمد (٣٩٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣١٨٤)، والترمذى (١٠١١)، وابن ماجه (١٤٨٤) من طريق يحيى الجابر به. وقال الترمذي: لا يعرف من حديث ابن مسعود إلَّا من هذا الوجه. وسيأتي في (٦٩٤٨).\n(^٢) يحيى بن عبد الله بن الحارث الجابر ويقال المجبر، التيمي البكرى أبو الحارث. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٨٦، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٢٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٠٤، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٥١: لين الحديث.\n(^٣) أبو ماجدة، ويقال: ابن ماجد، الخفى العجلى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٧٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٢٤١، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٦٨: مجهول.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٠/ ٣٩٧.","vol":"7","page":334},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان عِنْدَه تسعُ نِسوَةٍ، فكانَ يَقْسِمُ لِثَمانٍ ولا يَقسِمُ لِواحِدَةٍ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِنْ حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن فورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا زائدَةُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَي، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- مُرَّ عَلَيه بجِنازَةٍ وَهِي (^٣) يُسرَعُ بها وهِىَ تُمَخضُ مَخضَ الزِّقِّ (^٤) فقالَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَلَيكُمْ بِالقَصْدِ في المَشيِ بجَنائزِكُمْ\" (^٥).\nوقَد رَوّينا عن أبى موسَى أَنَّه أوصَى فقالَ: إذا انطَلَقْتُم بجِنازَتِي فأَسْرِعوا بىَ المشىَ (^٦).\nوفى ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بما رُوِّينا ههُنا إن ثَبَتَ كَراهيَةُ شِدَّةِ الإِسراعِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1532>بابُ الرُّكوبِ عِنْدَ الانصِراف مِنَ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩٣٣ - أخبرَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٤)، والنسائى (٣١٩٦) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٦٧)، ومسلم (١٤٦٥/ ٥١).\n(^٣) في م: \"هو\".\n(^٤) المخض: تحريك السقاء الذى فيه اللبن ليخرج زبده. النهاية ٤/ ٦٤٤. وينظر التاج ١٩/ ٤٦، ٢٥/ ٤٠٨ (م خ ض، ز ق ق).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٥٢٤). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٧٩ من طريق زائدة به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٦٧)، وأحمد (٦٩٦٤٠)، والبزار (٣١٤٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٧٣٣).","vol":"7","page":335},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ المُلائيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بفَرَسٍ مُعْرَوْرًى فرَكِبَه حينَ انصَرَفَ مِن جِنازَةِ ابنِ الدَّحداحِ ونَحنُ نَمشِى حَولَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على ابنِ الدَّحداحِ، فأُتِيَ بفَرَسٍ عُرْىٍ، قال: فعَقَلَه رَجُلٌ فرَكِبَه فجَعَلَ يَتَوَقَّصُ (^٤) به، ونَحنُ نَتْبَعُه نَسعَى خَلفَه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَم مِن عِذقٍ مُدَلًّى لابنِ الدَّحداحِ في الجَنَّةِ! \" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في م، وحاشية \"س\": (الحسين). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في الكبير (١٩٩٣)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢١٦٦) من طريق ابن أبى شيبة به. وتقدم في (١٢١٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٦٥/ ٨٩).\n(^٤) يتوقص: ينزو ويثب ويقارب الخطو. النهاية ٥/ ٢١٤.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٣٤) عن محمد بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٢٠٩٣٥)، وأبو داود (٣١٧٨)، والترمذي (١٠١٣)، وابن حبان (٧١٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"7","page":336},{"text":"ابنِ بَشّارٍ (^١)\n\n٦٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ثَوبانَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- شَيَّعَ جِنازِةً فأُتِيَ بدابَّةٍ فأَبَى أن يَركَبَها، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ أُتِيَ بدابَّةٍ فرَكِبَها، فقيلَ له، فقالَ: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ كانَت تَمشِي، فلَم أكُنْ لأركَبَ وهُم يَمشونَ، فلَمّا ذَهَبوا -أو قال: عَرَجوا- رَكِبتُ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُتبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِي راشِدُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أنه خَرَجَ في جِنازَةٍ، فرأَى ناسًا خُروجًا على دَوابِّهِم رُكبانًا، فقالَ لَهُم ثَوبانُ: ألا تَستَحيونَ؟! مَلائكَةُ اللَّهِ على أقدامِهِم وأَنتُم رُكبانٌ (^٣)! هَذا هو المَحفوظُ بهَذا الإِسنادِ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٦٩٣٧ - وقَد رَواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن ثَوبانَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في جِنازَةٍ، فرأَى ناسًا رُكبانًا، فقالَ: \"ألا تَستَحيونَ؟! إنَّ مَلائكَةَ اللهِ على أقدامِهِم وأَنْتُم على ظهورِ الدَّوابِّ! \". أخبَرَناه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٦٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٧٧) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٨٠) من طريق بقية به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٢٣).","vol":"7","page":337},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عيسَى (^٢).\nورَواه ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ مَوقوفًا على (^٣) ثَوبانَ، وفِى ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ المَوقوفَ أصحُّ، وكَذا قالَه البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1533>بابُ المَشىِ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩٣٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠١٢) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وابن ماجه (١٤٨٠) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به. وقال الترمذى: حديث ثوبان قد روى عنه موقوفًا، قال محمد: الموقوف أصح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٤٥٢) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف عن عيسى به. والحاكم ١/ ٣٥٥ من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم عن عيسى به.\n(^٣) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) ذكره الترمذي في سننه عقب (١٠١٢).","vol":"7","page":338},{"text":"وأَبَا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- يَمشونَ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ (^١).\n\n٦٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى العامِرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَدينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ يَمشونَ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ. فقُمتُ إلَيه فقُلتُ له: يا أبا محمدٍ (^٢)، إنَّ مَعمَرًا وابنَ جُرَيجٍ يُحْالِفانِكَ في هَذا. يَعنِى أنَّهُما يُرسِلانَ الحديثَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: استَقَرَّ الزُّهرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِيه سَمِعتُه مِن فيه يُعيدُه ويُبدئه: عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه. فقُلتُ له: يا أبا محمدٍ، إنَّ مَعمَرًا وابنَ جُرَيجٍ يَقولانِ فيه: وعُثمانَ. قال: فصَدَّقَهُما. وقالَ: لَعَلَّه قَد قالَه هو ولَم أكتُبْه، لِذَلِكَ أنِّى كُنتُ أميلُ إذ ذاكَ إلَى الشّيعَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وقَدِ اختُلِفَ على ابنِ جُرَيجٍ ومَعمَرٍ في وصلِ الحديث، فورِىَ عن كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما الحَديثُ مَوصولًا، وروىَ مُرسَلًا (^٤)، وقَد قيلَ: عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٠٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٣٩)، وأبو داود (٣١٧٩)، والترمذى (١٠٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٤٨٢)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٢٢).\n(^٢) أبو محمد هو سفيان بن عيينة.\n(^٣) أخرجه اين عبد البر في التمهيد (٦/ ٥٤٤) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١١٦)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٥٤٦ من طريق ابن جريجٍ موصولًا. وأحمد (٤٩٣٩)، وأبو يعلى (٥٥١٩) من طريق ابن جريجٍ مرسلًا. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٥٤٤ من طريق معمر موصولًا. والترمذى (١٠٥٩) من طريق معمر مرسلًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٤٠)، والطبرانى في الكبير (١٣١٣٣) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. وينظر التمهيد ٦/ ٥٤٦.","vol":"7","page":339},{"text":"٦٩٤٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو ذَرٍّ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ -حَفَدَةُ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرِ- قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمْامٌ، عن سُفيانَ -يَعنِى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ- ومَنصورٍ وزيادٍ وبَكرٍ، كُلُّهُم ذَكَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ مِنَ الزُّهرِيِّ أنَّ سالِمًا أخبَرَه أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ يَمشونَ بَينَ يَدَىِ الجِنازَةِ (^١). غَيرَ أنَّ بكرًا لَم يَذكُرْ عثمانَ. تَفَرَّدَ به هَمَّامٌ وهو ثِقَةٌ. واختُلِفَ فيه على عُقَيلٍ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ فقيلَ عن كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما عن الزُّهرِيِّ مَوصولًا، وقيلَ مُرسَلًا (^٢). ومَن وصَلَه واستَقَرَّ على وصلِه ولَم يُختَلَفْ عَلَيه فيه -وهو سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ- حُجَّةٌ ثِقَةٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٩٤١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الهُدَيرِ أنَّه رأَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يُقَدِّمُ النّاسَ أمامَ جِنازَةِ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ -﵂- (^٣).\n\n٦٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٤٤) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به. وقال: هذا خطأ؛ الصواب مرسل.\nوالترمذى (١٠٠٨) من طريق همام به دون ذكر عثمان.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٥٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٨٠ من طربق عقيل عن الزهرى موصولًا.\nوالطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٨٠ من طريق عقيل عن الزهرى مرسلًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٧١) من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"7","page":340},{"text":"الواسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيٍّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ والحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ يَمشيانِ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ (^١).\n\n٦٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ طارِقٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى حازِمٍ: هَل حَفِظتَ جِنازَةً مَشَى مَعَها قَومٌ مِنَ الفُقَهاءِ أمامَها؟ قال: نَعَم، رأَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ وابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَمشونَ أمامَها حَتَّى وُضِعَت (^٢).\n\n٦٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عُبَيدٍ مَولَى السّائبِ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وعُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يَمشيانِ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ، فتَقَدَّما فجَلَسا يَتَحَدَّثانِ، فلَمّا حاذَت (^٣) بهِما قاما (^٤).\n\n٦٩٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٢٩)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٧٤) من طريق عدى به، وعند ابن أبى شيبة: \"حاتم\". بدلًا من: \"حازم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٣٦)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٧٥) من طريق سعد بن طارق به.\n(^٣) في س: \"جازت\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٢٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٢. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٧٣) عن الربيع بن سليمان به.","vol":"7","page":341},{"text":"عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ أنَّه رأَى أبا هريرةَ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وأَبا أُسَيدٍ السّاعِدِيَّ وأَبا قَتادَةَ -﵃- يَمشونَ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ (^١).\n\n٦٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسُ بنُ الزَبيعِ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأشعَرِيَّ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فرأَيتُ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ يَمشونَ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1534>بابُ المَشىِ خَلفَها</span>\n\n٦٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ -قال: أُراه قَد رَفَعَه. شَكَّ قَبيصَةُ- قال: \"الرّاكبُ يَسيرُ خَلفَ الجِنازَةِ، والماشِى يَمشِى خَلفَها وأَمامَها، وعن يَسارِها ومَيامِنِها، والسِّقطُ يُصَلَّى عَلَيه ويُدعَى لأبَوَيْه بالعافيَةِ والرَّحمَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو غَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن يَحيَى الجابِرِ، عن أبى ماجِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سألْنا نَبيَّنا -ﷺ- عن السَّيرِ بالجِنازَةِ، فقالَ: \"السَّيرُ ما دونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٨١ من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٣٠)، وابن المنذر (٢٩٧٦) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٨٦١).","vol":"7","page":342},{"text":"الخَبَبِ، وَإِنْ يَكُ خيرًا يُعَجَّلْ إِلَيهِ، وَإِنْ يَكُ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَبُعْدًا لأهلِ النَّارِ، الجِنازَةُ مَتبوعَةٌ، ولا تَتبَعُ لَيسَ مَعَها مَن تَقَدَّمها\" (^١)، أبو ماجِدٍ مجهولٌ، ويَحيَى الجابِرُ ضعَّفَهُ جَماعَةٌ مِنْ أهْلِ النَّقْلِ (^٢) واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٦٩٤٩ - أخبرَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَهِ الحَافِظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعْبَة، أبى فروَةَ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: سمعت زائدَةَ يُحَدِّث عن ابنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بن أبزَي، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا بكر وعُمَرَ -﵄- كَانَا يَمْشيانِ أمَامَ الجِنازَةِ، وكَانَ عليٌّ -﵁- يَمشِى خَلفَها فقيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ -﵁-: إنَّهُما يمشيان أمامها. فقالَ: إنَّهُما يعلمانِ أنَّ المَشىَ خَلفَها أفضلُ من المَشيِ أمامَها كَفَضل صَلَاةِ الرَّجُلِ في جَماعَةٍ عَلَى صَلاتِه فذًّا، ولَكِنَّهُما سَهْلانِ يُسَهِّلانِ لِلنَّاسِ (^٣).\nزائدَةُ هَذا هو ابنُ خِراشٍ، وقيل: ابنُ أوسِ بنِ خِراشٍ، الكِندِيُّ، يَروى عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى هَذا الحديثَ. والآثارُ في المَشىِ أمامَها أصَحُّ وأَكثَرُ وبِاللهِ التَّوفِيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1535>بابُ القيام للجنازَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩٥٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبهانِيُّ، أخبرنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤١١٠) من طريق حسن بن صالح به. وتقدم في (٦٩٣٠) من طريق يحيى الجابر.\n(^٢) تقدما عقب (٦٩٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٤٩٧) من طريق شعبة به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٨٣ من طريق أبى فروة به.\nوابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٩٧٨) من طريق زائدة به.","vol":"7","page":343},{"text":"أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعْفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَة، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا رَأَيْتُمُ الجِنازَةَ فقوموا حَتَّى تُخَلِّفَكُم أو توضَعَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٥١ - ورَواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن نافِعٍ وزادَ فيه: \"وإِن لَم يَكُنْ ماشيًا مَعَها\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n٦٩٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ العَدَويَّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِذَا رأَيْتُمُ الجِنَازَةَ فقُوموا لَها حَتَّى تُخَلِّفَكُم أو توضَعَ، وإن لَم يَكُن ماشيًا مَعَها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"، ومُسلِمٌ، جَميعًا عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣١٧٢)، وابن ماجه (١٥٤٢)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٠٧)، ومسلم (٥٩٧/ ٧٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٤٢)، والنسائى (١٩١٥) عن قتيبة به، وعندهما بدون الزيادة.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٣٠٨)، ومسلم (٩٥٨/ ٧٤). وعندهما: \"فإن لَمْ يكن ماشيًا معها فليقم ... \".","vol":"7","page":344},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا رأَيتُمُ الجِنازَةَ فقُوموا، فمَن تَبِعَها فلا يَقعُدْ حَتَّى توضَعَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ الدَّسْتُوائيِّ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا في جِنازَةٍ، فأَخَذَ أبو هريرةَ بيَدِ مَرْوانَ فجَلَسا قَبلَ أن توضَعَ، فجاءَ أبو سعيدٍ فأَخَذَ بيَدِ مَرْوانَ فقالَ: قُمْ فواللِه لَقَد عَلِمَ هَذا أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهانَا عن ذَلِكَ. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: صَدَقَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ ابنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٥٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرّاءُ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٩٥)، والترمذى (١٠٤٣)، والنسائى (١٩١٦) من طريق هشام به. والنسائى (١٩٩٧) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣١٠)، ومسلم (٩٥٩/ ٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٣٥)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥/ ١٦٩ من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٠٩).","vol":"7","page":345},{"text":"طَهمانَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ [(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ] (^١)، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا تَبِعتُم جِنازَةً فلا تَجلِسوا حَتَّى توضَعَ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٩٥٦ - [وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا تَبِعتُم جِنازَةً فلا تَجلِسوا حَتَّى توضَعَ\"] (١). قال سُهَيلٌ: ورأَيتُ أبا صالِحٍ لا يَجلِسُ حَتَّى توضَعَ عن مَناكِبِ الرِّجالِ (^٣). رَواه مسلم عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ دونَ قَولِ سُهَيلٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ: رَوَى الثَّورِىُّ هَذا الحديثَ عن سُهَيلٍ عن أبيه عن أبى هريرةَ قال فيه: [\"حَتى توضَعَ بالأرضِ\". ورَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن سُهَيلٍ قال] (١): \"حَتَّى توضَعَ في اللَّحدِ\". وسُفيانُ أحفَظُ مِن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٥).\n\n٦٩٥٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المَعمَرِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائِيُّ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٢٨) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١١٥٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٥٩).\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (٣١٧٣).","vol":"7","page":346},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ (^١) عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأَذرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قاسم بنُ يَزيد الجَرْمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الثَّورِيُّ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِذَا اتَّبَعَ أحَدُكُم جِنازَةً فلا يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى توضَعَ بالأرضِ\" (^٢).\n\n٦٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أحْبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن يحيى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مِقسَمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسُولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّت به جِنْازَةٌ فقامَ لَها، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّها جِنازَةُ يَهودِىٍّ! فقالَ: \"إنَّ المَوتَ فَزَعٌ! فإِذَا رأَيْتُم جِنازَةً فقُوموا لَهَا\" (^٣).\n\n٦٩٥٩ - أخبرنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنِى حامِدُ بنُ محمد بنِ شُعيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجٌ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيل بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ الدَّسْتُوائيُّ، فذَكَرَه بإسْنادِه، إلَّا أَنَّه قال: فقامَ وقُمنا مَعَه. وقال: يَهوديَّةٍ. وقالَ: \"فقوموا\". ولَم يَقُل: \"لَهَا\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ [عن سُرَيْجٍ] (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. والصواب: \"أبو\". فهو عبد الله بن محمد بن إسحاق: أبو عبد الرحمن الأذرمى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٢، وتقدم على الصواب في (٣٨١٠)،\n(^٢) الطبرانى في الأوسط (١٦٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٢٧)، والنسائى (١٩٢١) من طويق هشام به. وأبو داود (٣١٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥٠) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧١٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"شريح\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٢١) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٤٨١٢) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٦) في الأصل، س، م: \"من وجه آخر عن هشام الدستوائى\"، والمثبت من خط المصنف في حاشية الأصل.\nوالحديث عند البخارى (١٣١١)، ومسلم (٩٦٠/ ٧٨).","vol":"7","page":347},{"text":"٦٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِجنازَةٍ مَرَّت به حَتَّى تَوارَت (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: قامَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-[وأَصحابُه لجِنازَةِ يَهودِىٍّ] (^٣) حَتَّى تَوارَت (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٥).\n\n٦٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو ابنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى يقولُ: كان سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ وقَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ قاعِدَينِ بالقادِسيَّةِ، فمَرّوا عَلَيهِما بجِنازَةٍ فقاما، فقيلَ لَهُما: إِنَّه مِن أهلِ الأرضِ. أو: مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ. فقالا: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّت به جِنازَةٌ فقامَ، فقيلَ له: إنَّها جِنازَةُ يَهودِىٍّ. فقالَ: \"ألَيسَت نَفسًا؟ \" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٤٧)، والنسائى (١٩٢٧) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٦٠/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"لجِنازَة يهودى وأصحابه\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٦٣٠٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٤٧)، والنسائى (١٩٢٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٦٠/ ٨٠).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٤٢)، والنسائى (١٩٢٠) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"7","page":348},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٦٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الطَّرَسوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي رَبيعَةُ بنُ سَيفٍ المَعافِرِىُّ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه قال: سأَلَ رَجُل رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تَمُرُّ بنا جِنازَةُ الكافِرِ فنَقومُ لَها؟ قال: \"نَعَم، قومُوا لَها؛ فإنَّكُم لَستُم تَقُومونَ لَها، إنَّما تَقومونَ إعظامًا لِلَّذِى يَقبِضُ النُّفُوسَ! \" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّما قُمتُ لِلمَلَكِ\" (^٣). وعن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"ولَكِن نَقومُ لِمَن مَعَها (^٤) مِنَ المَلائِكَةِ\" (^٥).\n\n٦٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ قال: مَشَيتُ مَعَ أبى هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣١٢)، ومسلم (٩٦١/ ٨١).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥٣) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٢٧: رجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٢٨)، وفى الكبرى (٢٠٥٥)، والبزار (٧٢٦٤)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨١١٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٥٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"يتبعها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٠٥).","vol":"7","page":349},{"text":"وابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ والحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ أمامَ الجِنازَةِ حَتَّى انتَهَينا إلَى المَقبُرَةِ، فقاموا حَتَّى وُضِعَت ثُمَّ جَلَسوا، فقُلتُ لِبَعضِهِم، فقالَ: إنَّ القائمَ مِثلُ الحامِلِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1536>بابُ حُجَّةِ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ القِيامَ لِلجِنَازَةِ مَنسوخٌ</span>\n\n٦٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن واقِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ -وفِى حَديثِ مالك: واقِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ- عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أنَّه ذُكِرَ القيامُ على الجِنازَةِ حَتَّى توضَعَ، فقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ قَعَدَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ قال: عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَقومُ في الجَنائزِ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ بَعدُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ، إلَّا أنَّه جَعَلَ اللَّفظَ لابنِ رُمحٍ، وقالَ: واقِدِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٢٦) من طريق أبى مالك به. دون ذكر ابن عمر، ودون القول الأخير.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٢٨)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٩، ومالك ١/ ٢٣٢، ومن طريقه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٧٤، وأبو داود (٣١٧٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٤٤)، والنسائى (١٦٩٨)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٦٢/ ٨٢).","vol":"7","page":350},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ: واقِدِ بنِ عمرٍو.\n\n٦٩٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ ابنُ اللَّيثِ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ قُتيبَةَ، وزادَ مَوصولًا بالحَديثِ: وذلِكَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ صلى كان إذا رأَى الجِنازَةَ قامَ لَها، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ القيامَ فلَم يَكُنْ يَقومُ لِلجِنازَةِ إذا رآها.\nورَواه عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ وابنُ أبى زائدَةَ وغَيرُهُما عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وقالوا في الحديثِ نَحوًا مِنْ رِوايَةِ قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ، وفِى الإِسنادِ واقِدُ بنُ عمرٍو (^١).\n\n٦٩٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ إلى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ حَدَّثَه عن واقِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ الزُّرَقِيِّ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: قامَ رسُولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ الجَنائزِ حَتَّى توضَعَ وقامَ النَّاسُ مَعَه، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ وأَمَرَهُم بالقُعودِ.\nوبِمَعناه رَواه غَيرُه عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو في الأمرِ بالقُعودِ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٦٨ - وأخبرنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٩٦٢/ ٨٣) من طريق عبد الوهاب الثقفى به. وفى (٩٦٢/ ...) من طريق ابن أبى زائدة به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١١٨)، وسقط من مطبوعته ابن وهب. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٥٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"7","page":351},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ ابنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُمنا، وقَعَدَ فقَعَدنا. قُلتُ: في جِنازَةٍ مَرَّت؟ قال: في جِنازَةٍ مَرَّت (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ (^٣) بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه شَهِدَ مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- بالكوفَةِ، فرأَى عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- النّاسَ قيامًا يَنتَظِرونَ الجِنازَةَ أن توضَعَ، فأَشارَ إلَيهِم بدِرَّةٍ مَعَه أو سَوطٍ أنِ اجلِسوا؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد جَلَسَ بَعدَ ما كان يَقومُ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا طاهِرُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٥) الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن سفيانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، أنَّ جِنازَةً مَرَّت بابنِ عباسٍ والحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ -﵄-، فقامَ أحَدُهُما ولَم يَقُمِ الآخَرُ، فقالَ أحَدُهُما:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣١)، والنسائى (١٩٩٩)، وابن ماجه (١٥٤٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٦٢/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"أبو داود\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٥٢٢.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٦٣١٢).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"أحمد\".","vol":"7","page":352},{"text":"ألَم يَقُمِ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ الآخَرُ: بَلَي، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ (^١).\n\n٦٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ بِهرامَ المَدائِنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، أخبرَنا أبو الأسباطِ الحارِثيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ جُنادَةَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقومُ في الجِنازَةِ حَتَّى توضَعَ في اللَّحدِ، فمَرَّ حَبرٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ فقالَ: هَكَذا نَفعَلُ. فجَلَسَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-[وقالَ: \"اجلِسوا خالِفوهُم] (^٢) \".\n\n٦٩٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ شَهْرِيارَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه غَيرَ أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ في اللَّحدِ (^٣).\nقال البخارىُّ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ جُنادَةَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ عن أبيه لا يُتابَعُ في حَديثِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا الجُنَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا البخارىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٦٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٢٠٥٣) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) في م: \"قال: اجلسوا وخالفوهم\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣١٧٦). وأخرجه النسائي في مسنده (١٢٢٧) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧١٩).\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٤٢.\n(^٤) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٤٢، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٥٩.","vol":"7","page":353},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ القاسِمِ تَحَدَّثَ أنَّ القاسِمَ كان يَمشِى بَينَ يَدَىِ الجِنازَةِ، ويَجلِسُ قَبلَ أن توضَعَ ولا يَقومُ لَها، وكانَ يُخبِرُ عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنها قالَت: كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَقومونَ لَها إذا رأَوها ويَقولونَ: في أهلِكِ ما أنتِ، في أهلِكِ ما أنتِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٣٨٣٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"7","page":354},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1537>جِماعُ أبوابِ مَن أَولَى بالصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1538>بابُ الوَلِّى يَبَرُّ قَريبَه بَعدَ مَوتِه بالصَّلاةِ عَلَيه والاستِغفارِ لَهُ</span>\n\n٦٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ الفَزارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ بنِ الرّاهِبِ ابنِ الغَسيلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسِيدُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن أبيه عليِّ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبى أُسَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى ساعِدَةَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبَوَيَّ قَد هَلَكا، فهَل بَقِىَ مِن برِّهِما شَئٌ أصِلُهُما به بَعدَ مَوتِهِما؟ قال: \"نَعَم أربَعَةُ أشياءَ؛ الصَّلاةُ عَلَيهِما والاستِغفارُ لَهُما، وإنفاذُ عَهدِهِما مِن بَعدِ مَوتِهِما، وَإِكْرَامُ صَديقِهِما، وصِلَةُ رَحِمِهِما التى لا رَحِمَ لَكَ إلَّا مِن قِبَلِهِما\". فَقالَ: ما أكثَرَ هَذا وأَطيَبَه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ! قال: \"فاعمَلْ به؛ فإنَّه يَصِلُ إلَيهِما\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1539>بابُ مَن قال: الوالِى أحَقُّ بالصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ مِنَ الوَليِّ</span>\nرُوىَ هَذا القَولُ عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ وسوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ وعَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وسالِمٍ والقاسِمِ والحَسَنِ البَصرِيَّ، قالوا: الإِمامُ يَتَقَدَّمُ (^٢). ويُروَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٢٩)، والآداب (٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٠٥٩)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٣٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٤٢)، وابن ماجة (٣٦٦٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٨) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (١١٠١).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٤١٧، ١١٤٢٢، ١١٤٢٦).","vol":"7","page":355},{"text":"عن عليٍّ وجَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ولا يَثبُتُ عَنهُما (^١)، ولَكِنْ مَشهورٌ عن الحُسَينِ ابنِ عليٍّ -﵁- ما:\n\n٦٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وحدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ قال: حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، قال: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى حَفصَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حازِمٍ يقولُ: إنِّى لَشاهِدٌ يَومَ ماتَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ -﵁-، فرأَيتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ -﵁- يقولُ لِسَعيدِ بنِ العاصِ ويَطعُنُ في عُنُقِه ويَقولُ: تَقَدَّمْ، فلَولا أنَّها سُنَّةٌ ما قُدِّمتَ. وكانَ بَينَهُم شَيءٌ، فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: أتَنفِسونَ (^٢) على [ابنِ نَبيِكُمْ] (^٣) بتُربَةٍ تَدفِنونَه فيها؟! وقَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أحَبَّهُما فقَد أحَبَّنِى، ومَن أَبْغَضَهُما فقَد أبغَضَنِى\" (^٤).\n\n٦٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبى الجَحَّافِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الزُّبَيدِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي مَن شَهِدَ الحُسَينَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٤١٢، ١١٤١٨).\n(^٢) تنفسون: تضنون. تاج العروس ١٦/ ٥٦٧ (ن ف س).\n(^٣) في س: \"أهل بيتكم\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ١٧١. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٣/ ٢٩٤ من طريق المصنّف به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٣٦٩)، والبزار (١٣٤٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"7","page":356},{"text":"عليٍّ حينَ ماتَ الحَسَنُ وهو يقولُ لِسَعيدِ بنِ العاصِ: أقدِمْ فلَولا أنَّها سُنَّةٌ ما قُدِّمتَ (^١).\nوأَما الرَوايَةُ فيه عن عليٍّ -﵁-:\n\n٦٩٧٧ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفِ بنِ شَجَرَةَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَونُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَوَّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ -﵂- لَمَّا ماتَت دَفَنَها عليٌّ -﵁- لَيلًا وأَخَذَ بضبْعَى (^٢) أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ -﵁- فقَدَّمَه، يَعنِى في الصَّلاةِ عَلَيها. كَذا رُوىَ بهَذا الإِسنادِ. والصحيحُ:\n\n٦٩٧٨ - عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- في قِصَّةِ الميراثِ أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عاشَت بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ، فلَمّا توُفّيَت دَفَنَها عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵄- لَيلًا، ولَم يُؤذِنْ بها أبا بكرٍ -﵁-، وصَلَّى عَلَيها عليٌّ -﵁-. أخبَرناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٣/ ٢٩٤ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٩٦٠) من طريق قبيصة به. والبخارى في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٢٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الضَّبْع، بسكون الباء: العضد. وقيل: الضبع: الإبط. وقيل: ما بين الإبط إلى نصف العضد. وقيل: هو وسط العضد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٧٥٩/ ٥٢)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٢٤٠).","vol":"7","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1540>بابُ مَن قال: الوَصِيُّ بالصَّلاةِ عَلَيه أولىَ إن كان قَد أوصَى بها إلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ يَعنِى عبدانَ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ السُّكَرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ قال: ماتَت أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ أظنُّها مَيمونَةَ -﵂-، فأَوصَت أن يُصَلِّىَ عَلَيها سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^١).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائبِ عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، أنَّ أُمَّ سلَمةَ -﵂- أوصَت أن يُصَلِّىَ عَلَيها سِوَى الإمامِ (^٢). وهَذا أصَحُّ.\n\n٦٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعوب أوصَى: إذا أنا مِتُ يُصَلِّى عليَّ (^٣) الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوَّامِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢١٦. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٣٨ من طريق محارب عن ابن سعيد بن زيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٤١١) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٤٠)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٠٢١) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"عليه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٣/ ١٨٩ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به.","vol":"7","page":358},{"text":"٦٩٨١ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوفٌ، عن خُزاعِىٍّ مِن ولَدِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: أوصَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: ليَليَنِّى أصحابِي، ولا يُصَلِّى عليَّ ابنُ زيادٍ. قال: فوَليَه أبو بَرْزَةَ وعائذُ (^١) بنُ عمرٍو وناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1541>بابُ صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ بإِمامٍ، وما يُرجَى لِلمَيِّتِ في كَثْرَة مَن يُصَلِّى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٦٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ماتَ اليَومَ عبدٌ صالِحٌ أصحَمَةُ، فقُومُوا فصَلُّوا عَلَيه\". فقامَ فأَمَّنَا فصَلِّينا عَلَيهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n٦٩٨٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"عبيد\".\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢١٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٢٤٦)، والبخارى في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٥٤، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٧/ ٤٤٨ من طريق عوف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٣٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٣٠٥) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٤١٥٠)، والنسائى (١٩٦٩) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٥٢/ ٦٥)، والبخاري (١٣٢٠، ٣٨٧٧).","vol":"7","page":359},{"text":"الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّد، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على النَّجاشِيِّ، وكُنتُ في الصَّفِّ الثانِي أو الثالِثِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ البَنْدَفِزَكِيُّ (^٣) وإِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَي، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سَلَّامُ بنُ أبى مُطيعٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ رَضيعِ عائشَةَ -﵂-، [عن عائشةَ] (^٤) عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن مَيِّتٍ يُصَلِّى عَلَيه أُمَّةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يَبْلُغونَ مِائَةً كُلُّهُم يَشفَعونَ لى إلَّا شُفعوا فيه\". قال سَلَّامٌ: فحَدَّثتُ به شُعَيبَ بنَ الحَبحابِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي به أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٧٧٣)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣١٢٩) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وسيأتى في (٧١٠٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣١٧).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"البندوكى\". وفى حاشية الأصل: هي قرية بنيسابور.\n(^٤) سقط من: س، ص ٣، م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٠٤)، والنسائى (١٩٩٠) من طريق عبد الله به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٣٨)، والترمذى (١٠٢٩)، والنسائى (١٩٩١)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨١) من طريق أيوب به بدون ذكر إسناد أنس.","vol":"7","page":360},{"text":"عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى (^١).\n\n٦٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ السَّكونِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو صخرٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَموتُ فيقومُ على جِنازَتِه (^٢) أربَعونَ رَجُلًا لا يُشرِكونَ بالله شَيْئًا إلَّا شفِّعوا فيه\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ والوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ وغَيرِهِما (^٤).\n\n٦٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن مَرثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مالكِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"ما صَلُّى ثَلاثَةُ صُفوفٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على رَجُل مُسلِمٍ يَستَغفِرونَ له إلَّا أوجَبَ\" (^٥). فكانَ مالكٌ إذا صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ يَعنِى فتَقالَّ أهلَها صَفَّهُم صُفوفًا ثَلاثَةً، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى عَلَيها. لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٤٧/ ٥٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"قبره\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣١٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٤٨/ ٥٩).\n(^٥) أى أوجب اصطفافهم المغفرة أو الجَنَّة له. حاشية السندى على ابن ماجه ٣/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"7","page":361},{"text":"جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ: \"إلَّا غُفِرَ له\" (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1542>باب الجماعة يُصلُّون على الجنازة أفذاذًا</span>\n\n٦٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ نُبَيطٍ، عن أبيه نُبَيطِ بنِ شَريطٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وكانَ مِن أصحابِ الصُّفَّةِ قال: دَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ ماتَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فقيلَ له: توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فعَلِموا أنه كما قال، قيلَ: ويُصَلَّى عَلَيهِ؟ وكَيفَ يُصَلِّى عَلَيهِ؟ قال: تَجيئونَ عُصَبًا عُصَبًا فيُصَلُّونَ (^٢). فعَلِموا أنَّه كما قال، فقالوا: هَل يُدفَنُ؟ وأَينَ؟ فقالَ: حَيثُ قَبَضَ اللهُ روحَه؛ فإِنَه لَم يَقبِضْ رُوحَه إلَّا في مَكانٍ طيِّبٍ. فعَلِموا أنَّه كما قالَ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الحُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ العباسِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمَّا صُلِّىَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُدخِلَ الرِّجالُ فصلَّوا عَلَيه بغَيرِ إِمامٍ أرسالًا حَتَّى فرَغوا، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٢٤)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٠٣، وأبو داود (٣١٦٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤٩٠)، والترمذى (١٠٢٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به، وقال الترمذى: حديث مالك بن هبيرة حديث حسن. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٩٥): ضعيف، لكن الموقوف حسن.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فتصلون\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"في أصله: \"فيصلون\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٥٩. وتقدم في (٦٧٣٥).","vol":"7","page":362},{"text":"أُدخِلَ النِّساءُ فصَلَّينَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أُدخِلَ الصِّبيانُ فصَلَّوا عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أُدخِلَ العَبيدُ فصَلَّوا عَلَيه أرسالًا، لَم يَؤُمَّهُم على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أحَدٌ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وذَلِكَ لِعِظَمِ أمرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، بأَبِى هو وأُمِّي، وتَنافُسِهِم في أَلَّا يَتَوَلَّى الإمامَةَ في الصَّلاةِ عَلَيه واحِدٌ، وصَلَّوا عَلَيه مَرَّةً بَعدَ مَرَّةٍ. أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1543>بابُ أقَلِّ عَدَدٍ ورَدَ فيمَن صَلَّى على جِنازَة فوَقَعَت بهِمْ الكِفايَةُ</span>\n\n٦٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا (^٣) الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطاهِرٍ وهارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُمارَةَ ابنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ دَعا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى عُمَيرِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ حينَ توُفِّىَ، فأَتاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى عَلَيه في مَنزِلِهِم، فتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ أبو طَلحَةَ وراءَه، وأُمُّ سُلَيمٍ وراءَ أبى طَلحَةَ، ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم غَيرُهم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٥٠. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٢)، وابن جرير في تاريخه ٣/ ٢١٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٧٤: الحسين راويه لين.\n(^٢) الشافعي ١/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"أبو يزيد\". وكناه في الأنساب ٥/ ٤١٢، وفى تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٥٦: أبا محمد. وفى المنتخب من السياق ١/ ٢٠٩: أبا القاسم.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٥. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٨، والطبرانى (٤٧٢٧) من طريق =","vol":"7","page":363},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1544>جِماعُ أبوابِ وقتِ الصَّلاةِ على الجَنائزِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1545>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على الجَنائزِ ودَفنِ المَوتَى أَىَّ ساعَةٍ شاءَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ</span>\n\n٦٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنادُ بنُ السَّرِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ماتَ إنسانٌ كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعودُه، فدَفَنوه باللَّيلِ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ أعلَموه بمَوتِه فقالَ: \"ما يَمنَعُكُم أن تُعلِمونِى؟ \". فقالوا: كان اللَّيلُ وكانَتِ الظُّلمَةُ فكَرِهْنا أن نَشُقَّ عَلَيكَ. فأَتَى قَبرَه فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٦٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= ابن وهب به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٤. رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٢)، وابن ماجه (١٥٣٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والبخارى (١٣٢١)، وأبو داود (٣١٩٦)، والترمذى (١٠٣٧)، والنسائى (٢٠٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨٥) من طريق الشعبي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٢٤٧)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٦٨).","vol":"7","page":364},{"text":"الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ (^١) بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: أخبرَني، أو قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرًا قال: رأَى ناسٌ نارًا في المَقْبُرَةِ فأَتَوها، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في القَبرِ، وإِذا هو يقولُ: \"ناولونِى صَاحِبَكُم\". فإِذا هو الَّذِى كان يَرفَعُ صَوتَه بالذِّكرِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوّينا عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان لَيلًا، وكانَ مَعَه المِصباحُ (^٣).\n\n٦٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، [حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ] (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرْسِيُّ وعَبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلتُ على أبى بكرٍ -﵁-. فذَكَرَتْ حَديثًا، ثُمَّ قالَت: قال: في أىِّ يَومٍ توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قُلتُ: يَومَ الاثنَينِ. قال: أرجو فيما بَينِى وبَينَ اللَّيلِ. قالَت: فلَم يُتَوَفَّ حَتَّى أمسَى لَيلَةَ الثُّلاثاءِ، فدُفِنَ قَبلَ أن يُصبحَ. قالَت: وقَد قال: في كَم كُفِّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قُلتُ: في ثَلاثَةِ أثوابٍ بيضٍ سَحوليَّةٍ، لَيسَ فيها قَميصٌ ولا عِمامَةٌ. فنَظَرَ إلَى ثَوبٍ كان يُمَرَّضُ فيه، فيه رَدعٌ مِن زَعفَرانٍ أو\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"مسلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤١٣.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٦٤) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وسيأتى في (٧١٢٦).\nوضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٩٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٨٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٣.","vol":"7","page":365},{"text":"مِشقٍ فقالَ: اغسِلوا ثَوبِى هَذا وزيدوا فيه ثَوبَينِ وكَفِّنونِى فيها. قُلتُ: إنَّ هَذا خَلَقٌ. قال: إنَّ الحَيَّ أحَقُّ بالجَديدِ مِنَ المَيِّتِ، إنَّما هو لِلمُهلَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ العباسِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينَا عن عائشةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- دُفِنَ لَيلًا (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- دُفِنَت لَيلًا (^٤).\nورُوِّينَا عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ -﵁-، أنَّه دُفِنَ بَعدَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ (^٥).\nورُوِّينَا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه صَلَّى على عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حينَ صلَّوُا الصُّبحَ (^٦).\n\n٦٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ بإِسنادٍ لا أحفَظُه، أنَّه صُلِّىَ على عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- والشَّمسُ مُصفَرَّةٌ قَبلَ المَغيبِ قَليلًا، ولَمَ يَنتَظِروا به مَغيبَ الشَّمسِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٤٤٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٠٥) من طريق هشام به. وتقدم في (٦٧٥٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٨٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٨٠٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٩٣٩) من حديث عروة. وعبد الرزاق (٦٥٥٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٩٣٨) من حديث حسين بن محمد.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٩٤٤).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٤٤٦٦).\n(^٧) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٣٣)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"7","page":366},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1546>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ الصَّلاةَ والقَبرَ في السَّاعاتِ الثَّلاثِ</span>\n\n٦٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ عُلَى قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يَعنِى الجُهَنِيَّ يقولُ: ثَلاثُ ساعاتٍ كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنهانا أن نُصَلِّىَ فيهِنَ، أو أن نَقْبُرَ فيهِنَّ مَوتانا؛ حينَ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ بازِغَةً حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ، وحينَ يَقومُ قائمُ الظَّهيرَةِ حَتَّى تَميلَ الشَّمسُ، وحينَ تَضَيَّفُ الشَّمسُ لِلغُروبِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُلَى بنِ رَباحٍ، كما مَضى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n٦٩٩٥ - ورَواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن موسَى بنِ عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ عن أبيه عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ثَلاثِ ساعاتٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، وزادَ فيه: قال: قُلتُ لِعُقبَةَ: أيُدفَنُ باللَّيلِ؟ قال: نَعَم، قَد دُفِنَ أبو بكرٍ باللَّيلِ. أخبَرَناه عَليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (١٣٣٢). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الكبير ١٧/ ٢٨٩ (٧٩٧)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (١٨٧٦) من طريق المقرئ به. وتقدم في (٤٤٣٩، ٤٤٤٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣١/ ٢٩٣).","vol":"7","page":367},{"text":"القاسِمِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٦٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ ابنِ أبى حَرمَلَةَ، أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أبى سلَمةَ توُفّيَت وطارِق أميرُ المَدينَةِ، فأُتِيَ بجِنازَتِها بَعدَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ فوُضِعَت بالبَقيعِ. قال: وكانَ طارِقٌ يُغَلِّسُ بالصُّبحِ. قال ابنُ أبى حَرمَلَةَ: فسَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ لأهلِها: إمّا أن تُصَلُّوا على جِنازَتِكُمُ الآنَ، وإِمَّا أن تَترُكوها حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ الشَّمسُ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ، أخبرَنِي بنُ جُرَيج، أخبرَنِى زيادٌ، أنَّ عَليًّا أخبَرَه، أنَّ جِنازَةً وضِعَت في مَقبُرَةِ أهلِ البَصرَةِ حينَ اصفَرَّتِ الشَّمسُ، فلَم يُصَلَّ عَلَيها حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، فأمَرَ أبو بَرزَةَ المُنادِىَ فنادَى بالصَّلاةِ، ثُمَّ أقامَها، فتَقَدَّمَ أبو بَرزَةَ فَصَلَّى بهِمُ المَغرِبَ، وفِى النَّاسِ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ وأبو بَرزَةَ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ صَلَّوا على الجِنازَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الكبير ١٧/ ٢٨٩ (٧٩٨)، وفى الأوسط (٨٥٠٦) عن معاذ به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٤٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٧٥) عن ابن جريج.","vol":"7","page":368},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1547>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الذى وردَ في النَّهيِ عن الدَّفنِ باللَّيلِ، والبَيانِ أنَّ المُرادَ بذَلِكَ: كَي لا تَفوتَه الصَّلاةُ على الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٦٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ يَومًا، فذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِه قُبِضَ فكُفِّنَ في كَفَنٍ غَيرِ طائلٍ وقُبِرَ لَيلًا، فزَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- أن يُقبَرَ الرَّجُلُ باللَّيلِ حَتَّى يُصلَّى عَلَيه، إلَّا أن يُضطَرّوا إلَى ذَلِكَ، وقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كَفَّنَ أحَدُكُم أخَاهُ فليُحَسِّنْ كَفَنَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n٦٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: فقَدَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- امرأَةً سَوداءَ كانَت تَلتَقِطُ الخِرَقَ والعيدانَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: \"أينَ فُلانَةُ؟ \" قالوا: [ماتَت. قال: \"أفَلا آذَنتُمونِي؟ \" قالوا] (^٣): ماتَت مِنَ اللَّيلِ ودُفِنَت، فكَرِهنا أن نوقِظَكَ. فذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى قَبرِها فصَلَّى عَلَيها وقالَ: \"إذا ماتَ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فلا تَدَعوا أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٩٤)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢١١١) من طريق حجاج به. وتقدم في (٦٧٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٤٣/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.","vol":"7","page":369},{"text":"تُؤذِنونِي\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1548>بابُ جَنائزِ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ إذا اجتَمَعَت</span>\n\n٧٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه صَلَّى على تِسعِ (^٢) جَنائزَ؛ رِجالٍ ونِساءٍ، فجَعَلَ الرِّجالَ مِمَّا يَلِى الإمامَ والنِّساءَ مِمَّا يَلِى القِبلَةَ، وصَفَّهُم صفًّا واحِدًا. قال: ووُضِعَت جِنازَةُ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عليِّ امرأَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵃- وابنٍ لَها يُقالُ له: زَيدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، والإمامُ يَومَئَذٍ سعيدُ بنُ العاصِ، وفِى الناسِ يَومَئذٍ ابنُ عباسٍ وأبو هريرةَ وأبو سعيدٍ وأبو قَتادَةَ. قال: فوُضِعَ الغُلامُ مِمَّا يَلِى الإِمامَ. قال رَجُلٌ: فأَنكَرتُ ذَلِكَ، فنَظَرتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ وأَبِى سعيدٍ وأَبِى قَتادَةَ -﵃- فقُلتُ: ما هَذا؟ قالوا: السُّنَّةُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى زَكَريّا: أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ صَلَّى على تِسعِ جَنائزَ جَميعًا. وقالَ في أُمِّ كُلثوم وابنِها: فوُضِعا جَميعًا. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٣).\n\n٧٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٣٦٧).\n(^٢) في س: \"سبع\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٣٦). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٧٧) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٨٦٩).","vol":"7","page":370},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ صَبِيحٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَمّار مَولَى الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ أنَّه شَهِدَ جِنازَةَ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ وابنِها، فجُعِلَ الغُلامُ مِمَّا يَلِى الإمامَ، فأَنكَرتُ ذَلِكَ، وفِى القَومِ ابنُ عباسٍ وأبو سعيدٍ وأبو قَتادَةَ وأبو هريرةَ فقالوا: هذه السُّنَّةُ (^١).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ دونَ كَيفيَّةِ الوَضعِ (^٢). قال: وكانَ في القَومِ الحَسَنُ والحُسَينُ وأبو هريرةَ وابنُ عُمَرَ ونَحوٌ مِن ثَمانينَ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- (^٣) ورَواه الشَّعبِيُّ فذَكَرَ كَيفيَّةَ الوَضعِ بنَحوه، وذَكَرَ أنَّ الإمامَ كان ابنَ عُمَرَ ولَم يَذكُرِ السُّؤالَ. قال: وخَلفَه ابنُ الحَنَفيَّةِ والحُسَينُ وابنُ عباسٍ، وفِى رِوايَةٍ: وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (^٤). ورُوِّينَا في ذَلِكَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وواثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ رضِى اللهُ عن جميعِهم (^٥).\n\n٧٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، أنَّ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ في الطّاعونِ كان بالشّامِ ماتَ فيه بَشَرٌ كَثيرٌ، فكانَ يُصَلِّى على جَنائزِ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ جَميعًا؛ الرِّجالُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٩٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٣٤).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"بنحوه وذكر أن الإمام كان ابن عمر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٤٩٢.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٣٢٨، ٦٣٣٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٧٩، ١١٦٨٢، ١١٦٨٣).","vol":"7","page":371},{"text":"مِمَّا يَليه والنِّساءُ مِمَّا يَلِى القِبلَةِ، ويَجعَلُ رُءوسَهُنَّ إلَى رُكبَتَىِ الرِّجالِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1549>بابٌ: الإمامُ يَقِفُ على الرَّجُلِ عِندَ رأسِه، وعَلَى المَرأَةِ عِندَ عَجيزَتِها</span>\n\n٧٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غالِبٍ قال: شَهِدتُ أنَسًا وصلَّى على رَجُلٍ فقامَ عِندَ رأسِ السَّريرِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بامرأَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ فصلَّى عَلَيها، فقامَ قَريبًا مِن وسَطِ السَّريرِ، وكانَ فيمَن حَضَرَ جِنازَتَه العَلاءُ بنُ زيادٍ العَدَوىُّ، فلَمَّا رأَى اختِلافَ قيامِه قُلْنا (^٢): يا أبا حَمزَةَ، أهَكَذا كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَقومُ مِنَ المَرأَةِ والرَّجُلِ كما قُمتَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فأَقبَلَ عَلَينا -يَعنِى العَلاءَ بنَ زيادٍ- وقالَ: احفَظوا (^٣).\n\n٧٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ هَوُ السَّجِستانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن نافِعٍ أبى غالِبٍ قال: كُنتُ في سِكَّةِ المِربَدِ فمَرَّت جِنازَةٌ مَعَها ناسٌ كَثيرٌ قالوا: جِنازَةُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ. فتَبِعتُها، فلَمَّا وُضِعَتِ الجِنازَةُ قامَ أنَسٌ فصَلَّى عَلَيها وأَنا خَلفَه لا يَحولُ بَينِى وبَينَه شَيءٌ، فقامَ عِندَ رأسِه، فكَبَّرَ أربَعَ تَكْبيراتٍ لَم يُطِلْ ولَم يُسرعْ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَقعُدُ فقالوا: يا أبا حَمزَةَ المَرأَةُ الأنصاريَّةُ، فقَرَّبوها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٨٣) عن جعفر به.\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"قال\". وكتب فوق المثبت في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٧٣)، والطيالسى (٢٢٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٨٠)، والترمذى (١٠٣٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٩٤) من طريق همام به. وقال الترمذى: حسن.","vol":"7","page":372},{"text":"وعَلَيها نَعشٌ أخضَرُ، فقامَ عِندَ عَجيزَتِها فصَلَّى عَلَيها نَحوَ صَلاتِه على الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فقالَ العَلاءُ بنُ زيادٍ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، هَكَذا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى على الجِنازَةِ كَصَلاتِكَ؛ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَيها أربَعًا ويَقومُ عِندَ رأسِ الرَّجُلِ وعَجزَةِ المَرأَةِ؟ قال: نَعَم. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال أبو غالِبٍ: فسأَلتُ عن صَنيعِ أنَسٍ في قيامِه على المَرأَةِ عِندَ عَجيزَتِها، فحَدَّثونِى أنَّه إنَّما كان لأنَّه لَم تَكُنِ النُّعوشُ، فكانَ يَقومُ الإمامُ حيالَ عَجيزَتِها يَستُرُها مِنَ القَومِ (^١).\n\n٧٠٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ كامِلٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وصَلَّى على أُمِّ كَعبٍ -ماتَت وهِىَ نُفَساءُ- فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلصلاةِ عَلَيها وسَطَها. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَي، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عِمرانَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢١٣)، والنسائى (٣٩١) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (٢٠٦١٢)، وأبو داود (٣١٩٥)، والترمذى (١٠٣٥)، وابن ماجه (١٤٩٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦٧) من طريق حسين به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٦٤/ ٨٧)، والبخارى (١٣٣٢).","vol":"7","page":373},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1550>بابُ دَفنِ الاثنَيِن والثَّلاثَهَ في قَبر عِندَ الضَّرورَةِ، وتَقديمِ أفضَلِهِم وأَقرَئِهِم</span>\n\n٧٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَليمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيمونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ ابنِ مالكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَجمَعُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ مِن قَتلَى أُحُدٍ في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"أيُّهُم أكْثَرُ أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ؟ \". فإِذا أُشيرَ إلَى أحَدِهِما قَدَّمَه في اللَّحدِ، وقالَ: \"أنا شَهيدٌ على هَؤُلاءِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". وأَمَرَ بدَفنِهِم بدِمائِهِم، ولَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيهِم ولَم يَغْسِلْهُم (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وفيه بَعضُ الاختِصارِ، ورَواه بطولِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وقُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ قال: وأخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن جابِرٍ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لِقَتلَى أُحُدٍ: \"أىُّ هَؤُلاءِ أكْثَرُ أخذًا لِلقُرآنِ؟ \". فإِذا أُشيرَ له إلَى رَجُلٍ قَدَّمَه في اللَّحدِ قَبلَ صاحِبِه. قال جابِرٌ: فكُفِّنَ أبى وعَمِّى في نَمِرَةٍ واحِدَةٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٩٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣١٣٨)، والترمذى (١٠٣٦)، والنسائى (١٩٥٤)، وابن ماجة (١٥١٤)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٧) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٦٨٨٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٤٧) عن محمد بن مقاتل عن ابن المبارك مختصرا، وفى (١٣٤٣) عن عبد الله بن يوسف، وفى (٤٠٧٩) عن قتيبة، مطولًا عنها.","vol":"7","page":374},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ مُدرَجًا في الإِسناد الأوَّلِ، قال: وقالَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَن سَمِعَ جابِرًا (^١).\n\n٧٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ ابنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفِريابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّخْتِيانِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: لَمَّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ شَكَوْا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ ﵌ القَرْحَ، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، يَشتَدُّ عَلَينا الحَفرُ لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ. قال: \"أعمِقوا وأَحسِنوا، وادفِنوا الاثنَينِ والثَّلَاثَةِ في قَبرٍ\". فقالو: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فمَن نُقَدِّمُ؟ قال: \"أكثَرَهُم قُرآنًا\". قال: فدُفِنَ أبى ثالِثَ ثَلاثَةٍ في قَبرٍ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن أبيهِ:\n\n٧٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أبيه قال: اشتَدَّتِ الجِراحاتُ يَومَ أُحُدٍ فشَكَوا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣) الجِراحاتِ، فقالَ: \"احفِروا وأَوسِعوا وأَحسِنوا، وادفِنوا الاثنَينِ والثَّلَاثةَ في القَبرِ (^٤)، وقَدِّموا أكثَرَهُم قُرآنًا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٤٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٨٣٤).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"كثرة\".\n(^٤) في م: \"قبر\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٨٣٥).","vol":"7","page":375},{"text":"ورَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن أيّوبَ عن حُمَيدٍ عن أبى الدَّهماءِ عن هِشامٍ:\n\n٧٠١٠ - [أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أبى الدَّهماءِ، عن هِشامِ] (^١) بنِ عامِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"احفِروا وأَوسِعوا وأحسِنوا، وادفِنوا الاثنَينِ والثَّلاثَةَ، وقَدِّموا أكثَرَهُم قُرآنًا\". فقُدَّمَ أبى بَينَ يَدَى رَجُلَينِ (^٢). قال القاضِى: قُتِلَ أبو هِشامِ ابنُ عامِرٍ يَومَ أُحُدٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1551>بابُ ما ورَدَ في النَّعشِ لِلنِّساءِ</span>\n\n٧٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ موسَي، عن عَونِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أُمِّه أُمِّ جَعفَرٍ بنتِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، وعن عُمارَةَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أُمِّ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قالَت: يا أسماءُ، إنِّى قَدِ استَقبَحتُ ما يُصنَعُ بالنِّساءِ، أنَّه يُطرَحُ على المَرأَةِ الثوبُ فيَصِفُها. فقالَت أسماءُ: يا بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ألَّا أُريكِ شَيئًا رأَيتُه بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ؟ فدَعَت بجَرائدَ رَطْبَةٍ فحَنَتها، ثُمَّ طَرَحَت عَلَيها ثَوبًا، فقالَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂-: ما أحسَنَ هَذا وأَجمَلَه!! يُعرَفُ به الرَّجُلُ مِنَ المَرأَةِ، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٢٠١٦) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٦٢٦٢)، والترمذى (١٧١٣)، وابن ماجه (١٥٦٠) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وليس عند ابن ماجه ذكر الدفن والتقديم. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"7","page":376},{"text":"أنا مِتُّ فاغسِلينِى أنتِ وعَلِيٌّ، ولا تُدخِلِى عليَّ أحَدًا. فلَمّا توُفّيَت -﵂- جاءَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تَدخُلُ، فقالَت أسماءُ: لا تَدخُلِى. فشَكَت أبا بكرٍ فقالَت: إنَّ هذه الخَثعَميَّةَ تَحولُ بَينِى وبَينَ ابنَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وقَد جَعَلَت لَها مِثلَ هَودَجِ العَروسِ. فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فوَقَفَ على البابِ وقالَ: يا أسماءُ، ما حَمَلَكِ أن مَنَعتِ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- يَدخُلنَ على ابنَةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وجَعَلتِ لَها مِثلَ هَودَجِ العَروسِ؟ فقالَت: أمَرَتنِى: ألَّا تُدخِلِى عَليَّ أحَدًا، وأَريْتُها هَذا الَّذِى صَنَعتُ وهِىَ حَيَّةٌ، فأَمَرَتنِى أن أصنَعَ ذَلِكَ لَها. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: فاصنَعِى ما أمَرَتْكِ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ، وغَسَلَها عليٌّ وأَسماءُ -﵄- (^١).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٧٣٩).","vol":"7","page":377},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1552>جِماعُ أبوابِ التَّكببرِ على الجَنائزِ ومَن أولَى بإِدخالِه القَبرَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1553>بابُ عَدَدِ التَّكبيِر في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٧٠١٢ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نعى لِلنَّاسِ النَّجاشِيَّ اليَومَ الَّذِى ماتَ فيه، وخَرَجَ بهِم إلَى المُصَلَّى وصَفَّ بهِم، وكَبَّرَ أربَعَ تكبيراتٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وعَبدِ اللهِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: فخَرَجَ إلَى المُصَلَّى وكَبَّرَ أربَعَ تَكبيراتٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٧٠١٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٤٠)، وفى الصغرى (١١١٢)، وفى الدلائل ٤/ ٤١٠، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٠، ومالك ١/ ٢٢٦. ومن طريقه البخاري (١٢٤٥)، وأبو داود (٣٢٠٤)، والنسائى (١٩٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦٨). وأحمد (٩٦٤٦) عن يحيى بن يحيى به. وأحمد (٧١٤٧)، والبخارى (١٣١٨)، ومسلم (٩٥١/ ٦٣)، وابن ماجة (١٥٣٤)، والترمذى (١٠٢٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٣٣)، ومسلم (٩٥١/ ٦٢).","vol":"7","page":378},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدٍ وأَبِى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: نَعَى لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- النَّجاشِيَّ صاحِبَ الحَبَشَةِ في اليَومِ الَّذِى ماتَ فيه، فقالَ: \"استَغفِروا لأخيكُم\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَفَّ بهِم بالمُصَلَّى وكَبَّرَ أربَعَ تَكبيراتٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مِيناءَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على أصحَمَةَ النَّجاشِيَّ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن سَليمٍ (^٤)، ورَواه هو أيضًا ومُسلِمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٥).\n\n٧٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤١٠. وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٧١)، وابن حبان (٣١٠١) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى في (٧١٠٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٢٨)، ومسلم (٩٥١/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٨٩) من طريق سليم به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٣٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٨٧٩)، ومسلم (٩٥٢/ ٦٤).","vol":"7","page":379},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى مَن شَهِدَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أتَى قَبرًا مَنبوذًا فصَفَّهُم، وتَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى عَلَيه وكَبَّرَ أربَعًا. قال سُلَيمانُ: فقُلتُ: يا أبا عمرٍو مَن حَدَّثَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: ابنُ عباسٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٧٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، أخبرَنا خارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عَمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرٍ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا (^٣).\n\n٧٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الضَغانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَي، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرِ امرأَةٍ فكَبَّرَ أربَعًا (^٤). كَذا رَواه سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مالكٍ ومَن تابَعَه مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ أبيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٥٨١) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وسيأتى في (٧٠٨٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣١٩)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٦٨).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٢٤)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجة (١٥٢٨)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨٧) مطولًا. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٥٢) من طريق هشيم به. وابن حبان (٣٠٨٣) من طريق عثمان به مطولًا. وسيأتى بتما مه في (٧٠٩٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢٣٩).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٢٥).","vol":"7","page":380},{"text":"فيهِ (^١). ورَواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى أُمامَةَ، أنَّ بَعضَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخبَرَه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\n\n٧٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِىُّ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى قال: شَهِدتُه وكَبَّرَ على جِنازَةٍ أربَعًا، ثُمَّ قامَ ساعَةً -يَعنِى يَدعو- ثُمَّ قال: أتُرَونِى كُنتُ أُكَبِّرُ خَمسًا؟ قالوا: لا. قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُكَبِّرُ أربَعًا (^٣).\n\n٧٠١٩ - ورَواه أيضًا إبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قالوا: قَد رأينا ذَلِكَ. قال: ما كُنتُ لأفعَلَ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُكَبِّرُ أربَعًا، ثُمَّ يَمكُثُ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىُّ. فذَكَرَه في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى (^٤).\n\n٧٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوْزَنِىُّ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٢٧، وعنه الشافعى ١/ ٢٧١، والنسائى (١٩٠٦). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٦٨) من طريق يونس به. وفى (١٩٨٠) من طريق سفيان، كلاهما عن الزهرى. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٣٩٣ (٤٦٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٧٩٩).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٧١٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٣٣٤٢) عن السرى بن يحيى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٠٣) من طريق إبراهيم الهجرى به. وسياتى في (٧٠٦٢، ٧٠٦٩). وقال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٥٣٥): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف الهجرى.\n(^٥) في ص ٣: \"الدورقى\". وتقدم في (٤٤٢٥).","vol":"7","page":381},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلْخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فضلُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ السِّمسارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ سعدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُتَيٍّ، عن أُبَىٍّ، عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"صَلَّتِ المَلائكَةُ على آدَمَ فكَبَّرَت عَلَيه أربَعًا، وقالَتْ: هذه سُنَّتُكُم يا بَنِى آدَمَ\" (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن عثمانَ بنِ سَعدٍ بإِسنادِه مَوقوفًا على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السَّيلَحينِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"صَلُّوا على مَوتاكُم باللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ أربَعَ تَكبيراتٍ سَواءً\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1554>بابُ مَن رُوىَ أنَّه كَبَّرَ على جِنازَةٍ خَمسًا</span>\n\n٧٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو ابنُ مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى يقولُ: كان زَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ -﵁- يُصَلِّى على جَنائزِنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٤٢٦)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٧١، وابن شاهين في ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه (٢٩٥) من طريق فضل بن الصباح به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨٠: عثمان فيه لين. وتقدم في (٦٧٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦١٧، ١٤٧٦٦)، وابن ماجه (١٥٢٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وعند أحمد في الموضع الثانى بزيادة في أوله، وليس عند ابن ماجه موضع الشاهد. وقال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٥٤٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف ابن لهيعة.","vol":"7","page":382},{"text":"ويُكَبِّر أربَعًا، فكَبَّرها يَومًا خَمسًا، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَها (^١) خَمسًا (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديث شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1555>بابُ مَن ذَهَبَ في زيادَةِ التَّكبيِر على الأربَعِ إلَى تَخصيصِ أهلِ الفَضلِ بها</span>\n\n٧٠٢٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- صَلَّى على سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه سِتًّا، ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: إنَّه مِن أهلِ بَدرٍ (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ أيضًا عن ابنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن علىٍّ -ﷺ- (^٥).\n\n٧٠٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٣: \"يوما\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٧٠٩)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٥٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٧٢)، وأبو داود (٣١٩٧)، والترمذى (١٠٢٣)، والنسائى (١٩٨١)، وابن ماجه (١٥٠٥)، وابن جان (٣٠٦٩) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٥٧/ ٧٢).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٠٩، وعبد الرزاق (٦٤٠٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٥٥٤٦) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٩٦ من طريق إسماعيل به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٤: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير (٦٤٠٣) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وفى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٩٧ من طريق ابن الأصبهانى به.","vol":"7","page":383},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- صلَّى على أبى قَتادَةَ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه سَبعًا وكانَ بَدريًّا (^١). هَكَذا رُوىَ، وهو غَلَطٌ؛ لأنَّ أبا قَتادَةَ -﵁- بَقِىَ بَعدَ عليٍّ -﵁- مُدَّةً طَويلَةً. ورُوِّينا عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كَبَّرَ على يَزيدَ بنِ المُكَفِّفِ أربَعًا (^٢).\n\n٧٠٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سَلْعٍ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يُكَبِّرُ على أهلِ بَدرٍ سِتًا، وعَلَى أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- خَمسًا، وعَلَى سائرِ النّاسِ أربَعًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1556>بابُ مَن ذَهَبَ في ذَلِكَ مَذهَبَ التَّخييرِ والاقتِداءِ بالإمامِ في عَدَدِ التَّكبيِر</span>\n\n٧٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ مَسعود -﵁-: إنَّ أصحابَ مُعاذٍ قَدِموا مِنَ الشّامِ فكَبَّروا على مَيِّتٍ لَهُم خَمسًا. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ١/ ١٦١ عن أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٦٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٧٠٣١).\n(^٣) الدارقطنيّ ٢/ ٧٣. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٦٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٩٧ من طريق حفص به.","vol":"7","page":384},{"text":"ابنُ مَسعودٍ: لَيسَ على المَيِّتِ مِنَ التَّكبيرِ وقتٌ (^١)، كَبِّرْ ما كَبَّرَ الإِمامُ، فإذا انصَرَفَ الإمامُ فانصَرِفْ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1557>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ أكثَرَ الصَّحابَةِ اجتَمَعوا على أربَعٍ، ورأَى بعضُهم الزّيادَةَ مَنسوخَةً</span>\n\n٧٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوىُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّة قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ قَد كان؛ أربَعًا وخَمسًا، فاجتَمَعنا على أربَعٍ؛ التَّكبيرُ على الجِنازَةِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عامِرُ بنُ شَقيقٍ الأسَدِىُّ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: كانوا يُكَبِّرونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَبعًا، وخَمسًا، وسِتًّا، أو قال: أربَعًا، فجَمَعَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَخبَرَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ بما رأَي، فجَمَعَهُم عُمَرُ -﵁- على أربَعِ تكبيراتٍ كأَطوَلِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أى لا حد في ذلك. ينظر حاشية السندى على النسائى ١/ ١٣٩.\n(^٢) الجعديات (٩٦). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٥٣٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٤٩٥ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١١٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٣٩٥) عن سفيان به، وليس فيه: ستا.","vol":"7","page":385},{"text":"ورَواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ فقالَ: أربَعًا. مَكانَ: سِتًّا (^١). وفيما رَوَى وكيعٌ عن مِسعَرٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ إياسٍ الشَّيبانِىِّ عن إبراهيمَ قال: اجتَمَعَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في بَيتِ أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ فأَجمَعوا أنَّ التَّكبيرَ على الجِنازَةِ أربَعٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِى الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ أبو مُكرَمٍ الهِلالِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن النَّضْرِ أبى عُمَرَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: آخِرُ جِنازَةٍ صَلَّى عَلَيها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ عَلَيها أربَعًا (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به النَّضْرُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أبو عُمَرَ الخَزّازُ عن عِكرِمَةَ، وهو ضَعيف (^٤)، وقَد رُوىَ هَذا اللَّفظُ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ (^٥) كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ، إلَّا أنَّ اجتِماعَ أكثَرِ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- على الأربَعِ كالدَّليلِ على ذَلِكَ (^٦)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٠٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٥٤) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٢٩ من طريق وكيع به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨١: فيهما إرسال.\n(^٣) ابن محمدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٨٦، وأبو يعلى في معجمه (٢٨٠). وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١٦٦١) من طريق عقبة بن مكرم به.\n(^٤) هو النضر بن عبد الرَّحمن، أبو عمر الخزاز. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٩١، وضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ٢٩١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٣٩٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٠٢: متروك.\n(^٥) ينظر سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٢.\n(^٦) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨١: يعني على الاقتصار.","vol":"7","page":386},{"text":"ابنَ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبزَى قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ -﵁- على زَينَبَ زَوجِ النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- فكَبَّرَ أربَعًا، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: مَن يُدخِلُها قَبرَها؟ وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يُعجِبُه أن يُدخِلَها قَبرَها، فأَرسَلنَ إلَيه ﵅: يُدخِلُها قَبرَها مَن كان يَراها في حَياتِها، قال: صَدَقنَ (^١).\n\n٧٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسعَرٌ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ أبى (^٢) يَحيَى النَّخَعِىِّ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- علَى ابنِ المُكَفِّفِ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا، ثُمَّ أتَى قَبرَه فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ عبدُكَ ووَلَدُ عبدِكَ (^٣)، نَزَلَ بكَ وأَنتَ خَيرُ مَنزولٍ به، اللَّهُمَّ وسِّعْ له مُدخَلَه، واغفِرْ له ذَنبَه، فإِنّا لا نَعلَمُ إلَّا خَيرًا، وأَنتَ أعلَمُ بهِ (^٤).\n\n٧٠٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَه، عن مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: صلَّيتُ مَعَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ على أُمِّه فكَبَّرَ عَلَيها أربَعًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ٢/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧ عن يعلى بن عبيد به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٣٩٧)، وابن سعد ٨/ ١١٢، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٢٩) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"ابن\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٣٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٣٧٦.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل بخطه: \"عبديك\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٥٨، ٦٥٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٠٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٨٢٠) من طريق عمير بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٢٥. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٣٨) من طريق مسعر به. وابن سعد =","vol":"7","page":387},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ: أنَّه كَبَّرَ على أُمِّه أربَعًا، وما حَسَدَها خَيرًا (^١).\n\n٧٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَزينٌ بَيّاعُ الرُّمّانِ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: صَلَّى ابنُ عُمَرَ على زَيدِ بنِ عُمَرَ وأُمِّه أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عليٍّ، فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلَ مِمّا يَلِى الإمامَ والمَرأَةَ مِن خَلفِه، فصَلَّى عَلَيهِما أربَعًا، وخَلْفَه ابنُ الحَنَفيَّةِ، والحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، وابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\nومِمَّن رُوّينا عنه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ أنَّه كَبَّرَ أربَعًا، عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ والبَراءُ ابنُ عازِبٍ وأبو هريرةَ وعُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1558>بابُ ما جاءَ في وضعِ اليُمنَى على اليُسرَى في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٧٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبانٍ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَي، عن أبى فروَةَ يَزيدَ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن زَيدٍ هو ابنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إذا\n_________\n= ٨/ ٤١٩ من طريق ثابت بن عبيد به. وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة ذكر أمه.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٣٩٦)، والطبرانى (٤٧٤٦)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٢١٤٤) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١١٧). وأخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٤٦٤، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٨٥) من طريق الشعبي به، وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة: ابن الحنفية.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٣٣ - ١١٥٣٦، ١١٥٣٨، ١١٥٣٩).","vol":"7","page":388},{"text":"صلَّى على جِنازَةٍ رَفَعَ يَدَيه في أوَّلِ التَّكبيرِةِ (^١)، ثُمَّ يَضَعُ يَدَه اليُمنَى على يَدِه اليُسرَى (^٢). رَواه أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ في \"كتابه\" عن القاسِمِ بنِ دينارٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبانٍ (^٣)، وقَد رَواه أيضًا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَمّادٍ سَجّادَةُ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعلَي، فإِن كان حَفِظَه فهو مِمّا تَفَرَّدَ به يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1559>بابُ القِراءَةِ في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٧٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ ابنِ عباسٍ على جِنازَةٍ فقَرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ سأَلتُه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: سُنَّةٌ وحَقٌّ (^٥).\nوَرَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فقَرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وسورَةٍ. وذِكرُ السّورَةِ فيه غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ (^٦).\n\n٧٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"التكبير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٥ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) الترمذى (١٠٧٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحح الترمذى (٨٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٨٥٨) عن الحسن بن حماد سجادة به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨٢: يزيد ضعيف.\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٤٦)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٨٦) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٦) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨٢: راويه ثقة.","vol":"7","page":389},{"text":"عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ على جِنازَةٍ فقَرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ وقالَ: إنَّها مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ ابنِ عباسٍ على جِنازَةٍ فسَمِعتُه يَقرأُ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ سأَلتُه، فقالَ: سُنَّةٌ وحَقّ. ورُبَّما قال: سُنَّةٌ. ولَم يَذكُرْ: حَقٌّ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ مُدرَجًا في الحديثِ الأوَّلِ (^٤).\nورُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٧٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَ أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يَجهَرُ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ على الجِنازَةِ ويَقولُ: إنَّما فعَلتُ لِتَعلَموا أنَّها سُنَّةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٩٨) عن محمد بن كثير به. والترمذى (١٠٢٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٨٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٣٥).\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٤٧)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٧٠.","vol":"7","page":390},{"text":"٧٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كَبَّرَ على المَيِّتِ أربَعًا وقَرَأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ بَعدَ التَّكبيرَةِ الأولَى (^١).\n\n٧٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُطَرِّفُ ابنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ ابنُ سَهلٍ، أنَّه أخبَرَه رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّ السُّنَّةَ في الصلاةِ على الجِنازَةَ أن يُكَبِّرَ الإمامُ، ثُمَّ يَقرأَ بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ بَعدَ التَّكبيرَةِ الأولَى سِرًّا في نَفسِه، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّىَ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ويُخلِصَ الدُّعاءَ لِلجِنازَةِ في التَّكبيراتِ لا يَقرأُ في شَيءٍ مِنهُنَّ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَ سِرًّا في نَفسِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٤١ - قال: وأخبرَنا مُطَوِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي محمدٌ الفِهرِىُّ، عن الضَّحّاك بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّه قال مِثلَ قَولِ أبى أُمامَةَ (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رَواه الحَجَّاجُ بنُ أبى مَنيعٍ، عن جَدِّه، وهو عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى زيادٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٤٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٥٨، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٠. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨٣: سنده ضعيف.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٤٩)، والصغرى (١١٢٢)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٨٨) من طريق الزهرى عن أبى أمامة من قوله. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسانى (١٨٨٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٥٠)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٨٩) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"7","page":391},{"text":"الرُّصافِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). فقَويَت بذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ مُطَرِّفٍ في ذِكرِ الفاتِحَةِ.\n\n٧٠٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ -هو ابنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ- حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ قال: صَلَّى بنا سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ على جِنازَةٍ، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ تكبيرَةَ الأولَى قرأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ حَتَّى أسمَعَ مَن خَلْفَه، ثُمَّ تابَعَ تكبيرَه حَتَّى إذا بَقِيَت تكبيرَةٌ واحِدَةٌ تَشَهَّدَ تَشَهُّدَ (^٢) الصَّلاةِ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وانصَرَفَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ في قِراءَةِ الفاتِحَةِ في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1560>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٧٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ التّاجِرُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ العَسقَلانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ ابنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ - وكانَ مِن كُبَراءِ الأنصارِ وعُلَمائهِم، ومِن أبناءِ الَّذينَ شَهِدوا بَدرًا مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٢٤).\n(^٢) في س: \"كتشهد\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٣.\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ١/ ٢٧١، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٠٢).","vol":"7","page":392},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخبَرَه رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الصَّلاةِ على الجِنازَةِ أنَّ يُكَبِّرَ الإمامُ، ثُمَّ يُصلِّىَ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ويُخلِصَ الصَّلاةَ في التَّكبيراتِ الثَلاثِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَ تَسليمًا خَفيًّا (^١) حينَ يَنصَرِفُ، والسُّنَّةُ أن يَفعَلَ مَن وراءَه مثلَ ما فعَلَ إمامُه.\nقال الزُّهرِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي بذَلِكَ أبو أُمامَةَ. وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ يَسمَعُ فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فذَكَرتُ الَّذِى أخبرَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ في الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ سوَيدٍ فقالَ: وأَنا سَمِعتُ الضَّحّاكَ ابنَ قَيسٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ في صَلاةٍ صَلَّاها على المَيِّتِ مِثلَ الَّذِى حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُمامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن (^٣) سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه سأَلَ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ عن الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ، فقال: أنا والله أُخبِرُكَ؛ تَبدأُ فتُكَبِّرُ، ثُمَّ تُصلِّى على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، وتَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عبدَكَ فُلانًا كان لا يُشرِكُ بكَ شَيئًا، أنتَ أعلَمُ به، إنْ كان مُحسِنًا فزِدْ في إحسانِه، وإِنْ كان مُسيئًا فتَجاوَزْ عنه، اللَّهُمَّ لا تَحرِمْنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"خفيفا\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ١/ ٥٠٠، والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٠٠) من طريق الزهرى من قول أبى أمامة به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"و\".","vol":"7","page":393},{"text":"أجرَه ولا تُضِلَّنا بَعدَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1561>بابُ الدُّعاءِ في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ</span>\n\n٧٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا صَلَّيتُم على المَيِّتِ فأخلِصوا له الدُّعاءَ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ المُقرِئُ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَّنِى مُعاويَةُ بن صالِحٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: صلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على جِنازَةٍ، فحَفِظتُ مِن دُعائِه، وهو يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له وارحَمْه وعافِه واعفُ عنه، وأَكرِمْ نُزُلَه، ووَسِّعْ عَلَيه مُدخَلَه، واغسِلْه بالماءِ والثَّلجِ والبَرَدِ، ونَقِّه مِنَ الخَطايا كما يُنَقَّى الثَّوبُ الأبيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وأَبدِلْه دارًا خَيرًا مِن دارِه، وأَهلًا خَيرًا مِن أهلِه، وزَوجَةً خَيرًا مِن زَوجَتِه، وأَدخِلْه الجَنَّةَ، وأَعِذْه مِن عَذابِ القَبرِ، ومِن عَذابِ النّارِ\". حَتَّى تَمَنَّيتُ أن أكونَ أنا ذَلِكَ المَيِّتَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٤٨٥) من طريق يحيى به. ومالك ١/ ٢٢٨، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٦٤٢٥)، كلهم من قول أبى هريرة باختلاف في السند.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣١٩٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٩٧) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٧٥)، والنسائى (١٩٨٣) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (١٨٧٥).","vol":"7","page":394},{"text":"٧٠٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَ هَذا الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n٧٠٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرمَلَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وقالَ: أو \"مِن عَذابِ النّارِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَمزَةَ الحِمصِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على جِنازَةٍ ففَهِمتُ من صَلاتِه [عليه قالَ] (^٤): \"اللَّهُمُّ اغفِرْ له وارحَمْه واعفُ عنه وعافِه، وأَكرِمْ نُزُلَه، ووَسِّعْ عَلَيه مُدْخَلَه، واغسِلْه بماء ثَلجٍ أو بَرَدٍ، ونَقِّه مِنَ الخَطايا كما يُنَقَّى الثَّوبُ الأبيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، اللَّهُمَّ أبدِلْه دارًا خَيرًا من دارِه، وزَوجًا خَيرًا مِن زَوجتِه (^٥)، وأَهلًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٠٠)، والترمذى (١٠٢٥) من طريق معاويهّ بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذى (٨١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٠٧٥) عن محمد بن الحسن بن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٦٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"عليها\".\n(^٥) في م: \"زوجه\".","vol":"7","page":395},{"text":"خَيرًا مِن أهلِه، وقِه فِتنَةَ القَبرِ وعَذابَ النّارِ\". قال عَوفٌ: فتَمَنَّيتُ أن أكونَ أنا المَيِّتَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو إبراهيمَ -رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عبدِ الأشهَلِ- قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ: \"اللَّهُمٌ اغفِرْ لِحَيِّنا ومَيِّتِنا، وغائبِنا وشاهِدِنا، وذَكَرِنا وأُنثانا، وصَغيرِنا وكَبيرِنا\". قال الأوزاعِيُّ: وحَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بهَذا الحديثِ قال: \"ومَن أحيَيتَه مِنّا فأَحيِه على الإِسلامِ، ومَن تَوَفَّيتَه مِنّا فتَوَفَّه على الإِيمانِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٠٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ -هو الأصَمُّ- حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بالإسنادَينِ جَميعًا مِثلَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال في أوَّلِه: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لأَوَّلِنا وآخِرِنا وحَيِّنا ومَيِّتِنا\" (^٤). هَذا هو الصحيحُ، حَديثُ أبى إبراهيمَ الأشهَلِىِّ مَوصولٌ. وحَديثُ أبى سلمةَ مُرسَلٌ، رَواه هِشامٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٢٨). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٨٢) من طريق أبى حمزة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٦٣/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٤٥) من طريق يحيى به. والترمذى (١٠٢٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٣) من طريق الأوزاعى به، من حديث أبى إبراهيم.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٢٩)، وليس فيه حديث أبى سلمة.","vol":"7","page":396},{"text":"الدَّستُوائىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^١).\nورَواه هِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ وشُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ بإِسنادِه عن أبى هريرةَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٧٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا هِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنَى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ قال: \"اللهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِحَيِّنا ومَيِّتِنا، وشاهِدِنا وغائبِنا، وصَغيرِنا وكبيرِنا، وذَكَرِنا وأُنثانا، اللَّهُمَّ مَن أحيَيتَه مِنّا فأَحيِه على الإِسلامِ، ومَن تَوَفَّيتَه مِنّا فتَوَفّه على الإِيمانِ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٠٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ قال: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ مَروانَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيمبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، فذَكَرَه بنَحوه مَوصولًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: [عن ... عن، و] (^٣) قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على جِنازَةٍ. وذَكَرَ لَفظَ الإِيمانِ في أوَّلِه، والإِسلامِ في آخِرِه، وزادَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ لا تَحرِمْنا أجرَه ولا تُضِلَّنا بَعدَه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٤٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٢٤) من طريق هقل به.\n(^٣) يعنى الأوزاعى عن يحيى عن أبى سلمة. وتصحفت في غير الأصل إلى: \"عن عروة\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في القضاء والقدر (٣٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣٢٠١). وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩١٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٧٠) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٤١).","vol":"7","page":397},{"text":"ورَواه عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عمَّارٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n٧٠٥٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ بنِ القاسِمِ اليَمامِيُّ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ أمَّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- كَيفَ كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- على المَيِّتِ؟ قالَت: كان يقولُ: [\"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِحَيِّنا ومَيِّتِنَا، وذَكَرِنا وأُنثانا، وغائبِنا وشاهِدِنا، وصَغيرِنا وكَبيرِنا] (^٢)، اللَّهُمَّ مَن أحيَيتَه مِنّا فأَحيِه على الإِسلامِ، ومَن تَوَفَّيتَه مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّه على الإِيمانِ\" (^٣).\nورَواه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَي، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، وعن يَحيَي، عن أبى سلمةَ بزيادَتِه دونَ ذِكرِ أبى هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٧٠٥٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ علي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، عن هَمّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه شَهِدَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على مَيِّتٍ، قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِحَيِّنا ومَيِّتِنَا، وشاهِدِنا وغائبِنا، وصَغيرِنا وكَبيرِنا، وذَكَرنا وأُنثانا\". قال: وقالَ أبو سلمةَ مَعَ هَذا الكَلامِ: \"مَن أحيَيتَه مِنّا فأَحيِه على الإِسلامِ، ومَنَ تَوَفَّيتَه مِنّا فتَوَفَّه على الإيمانِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"اليمانى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٣٤.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩١٨) من طريق عمر بن يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٤٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٥) من طريق همام به. وليس عند النسائى =","vol":"7","page":398},{"text":"٧٠٥٦ - ورُوىَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ في المصَّلاةِ على الجِنازَةِ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه. أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عَلُّوسا الأسَداباذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ ماسِى البَزّازُ، أخبرَنِى أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ الضَّريرُ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١).\nوقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: سأَلتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا البابِ، فقُلتُ: أىُّ الرِّواياتِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ أصَحُّ في الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ؟ فقالَ: أصَحُّ شَيءٍ فيه حَديثُ أبى إبراهيمَ الأشهَلِىِّ عن أبيه، ولِوالِدِه صُحبَةٌ. ولَم يَعرِفِ اسمَ أبى إبراهيمَ. قال أبو عيسَى: قُلتُ له: فالَّذِى يُقالُ له: هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى قَتادَةَ. فأَنكَرَ أن يَكونَ هو عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى قَتادَةَ. وقالَ: أبو قَتادَةَ هو سَلَمِىٌّ، وهَذا أشهَلِىٌّ. قال محمدٌ: وحَديثُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ وعائشَةَ وأَبِى قَتادَةَ في هَذا البابِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، وأَصَحُّ شَيءٍ في هَذا البابِ حَديثُ عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n= ذكر أبى سلمة. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٣: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٤٩٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢١٧).\n(^٢) الترمذى عقب (١٠٢٤)، وينظر العلل ص ٣٨٥.","vol":"7","page":399},{"text":"عبدُ الوارِثِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَليلُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ البُستِىُّ القاضِى قَدِمَ عَلَينا بنَيسابورَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ المُظَفَّرِ البَكرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى خَيثَمَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُقبَةُ بنُ سَيّارٍ أبو الجُلَاسِ، عن علىِّ بنِ شَمَّاخٍ قال: شَهِدتُ مَرْوانَ سأَلَ أبا هريرةَ كَيفَ سَمِعتَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يُصلَّى على الجِنازَةِ؟ قال: يقُولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ رَبُّها، وأَنتَ خَلَقتَها، وأَنتَ هَدَيتَها إلَى الإسلامِ، وأَنتَ قَبَضتَ رُوحَها، وأَنتَ أعلَمُ بسِرِّها وعَلانيَتِها، جِئنا شُفَعاءَ فاغفِرْ لَها\" (^٢).\nخالَفَه شُعبَةُ في إسنادِه، ورِوايَةُ عبدِ الوارِثِ أصَحُّ:\n\n٧٠٥٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن جُلَاسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ شَمَّاسٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ العاصِ إلَى المَدينَةِ، وكُنتُ مَعَ مَروانَ فمَرَّ أبو هريرةَ فقالَ: بَعضَ حَديثِكَ يا أبا هريرةَ. فمَضَي، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ فقُلنا: الآنَ يَقَعُ به، فقالَ: كَيفَ سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُصَلِّى على الجِنازَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"أنتَ خَلَقتَها أو خَلَقتَه\". فذَكَرَ مِثلَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"تَعلَمُ سِرَّها وعَلانيَتَها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٢٤. وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩١٧) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن المبارك به. وأبو داود (٣٢٠٠) من طريق عبد الله بن عمرو به. وأحمد (٨٧٥١) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٠٣): ضعيف الإسناد.\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٢٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٧٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩١٦) من طريق =","vol":"7","page":400},{"text":"وأَعضَلَه أبو بَلْجٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ:\n\n٧٠٥٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زائدَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الجُلاسَ يُحَدِّثُ قال: سأَلَ مَروانُ أبا هريرةَ كَيفَ سَمِعتَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-؟ (^١).\nوالصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ:\n\n٧٠٦٠ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا زيادُ بنُ مِخراقٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ سَيّارٍ، عن رَجُلٍ قال: كُنّا قُعودًا مَعَ أبى هريرةَ فقامَ عَلَيه مَروانُ فقالَ: يا أبا هريرةَ، ما تَزالُ تُحَدِّثُ بأَحاديثَ لا نَعرِفُها. ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيه فقالَ: يا أبا هريرةَ، كَيفَ الصلاةُ على المَيِّتِ؟ قال: مَعَ قَولِكَ آنِفًا؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: كُنّا نَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ رَبُّها (^٢).\n\n٧٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ يَعقوبَ الزَّمعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي شُرَحبيلُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: حَضرتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ صَلَّى بنا\n_________\n= شعبة به. وقال أبو داود عقب (٣٢٠٠): أخطأ شعبة في اسم على بن شماخ، قال فيه: عثمان بن شماس.\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٢٤. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٤٨ - منتخب)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩١٥) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٢٥.","vol":"7","page":401},{"text":"على جِنازَةٍ بالأَبواءِ فكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ بأُمِّ القُرآنِ رافِعًا صَوتَه بها، ثُمَّ صَلَّى على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ عبدُكَ، وابنُ عبدِكَ، وابنُ أمَتِكَ، يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، ويَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا عبدُكَ ورسولُكَ، أصبَحَ فقيرًا إلَى رَحمَتِكَ، وأَصبَحتَ غَنيًّا عن عَذابِه، تَخلَّى مِنَ الدُّنيا وأَهلِها، إنْ كان زاكيًا فزَكِّه، وإِنْ كان مُخطِئًا فاغفِرْ له، اللَّهُمَّ لا تَحرِمْنا أجرَه ولا تُضِلَّنا بَعدَه. ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ ثلاثَ تَكْبيراتٍ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى لَم أقرأْ عَلَيها إلَّا لِتَعلَموا أنَّها سُنَّةٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخ: وفِى الدُّعاءِ في صَلاةِ الجِنازَةِ أحاديثُ كَثيرَةٌ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ عن عُمَرَ وعَلِيٍّ وابنِ عُمَرَ وأَبِى هريرةَ وغَيرِهِم -﵃- (^٢). ولَيسَ في الدُّعاءِ شَئٌ مُؤَقَّتٌ، وفِى بَعضِ ما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1562>بابُ ما رُوىَ في الاستِغفارِ لِلمَيِّتِ والدُّعاءِ له ما بَيَن التَّكبيَرةِ الرّابِعَةِ والسَّلامِ</span>\n\n٧٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الهَجَرِىِّ يَعنِى إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى قال: ماتَتِ ابنَةٌ له فخَرَجَ في جِنازَتِها على بَغلَةٍ خَلفَ الجِنازَةِ، فجَعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الزراق (٦٤٢١ - ٦٤٢٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٤٨٤، ١١٤٨٥). وما تقدم في (٧٠٣١).","vol":"7","page":402},{"text":"النِّساءُ يَرثينَ، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى أوفَى: لا تَرثينَ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نهَى عن المَراثي، ولَكِن لِتُفِضْ إحداكُنَّ مِن عبَرَتِها ما شاءَت -قال: ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيها وكَبَّرَ أربَعًا، فقامَ بَعدَ التَّكبيرَةِ الرّابِعَةِ كَقَدرِ (^١) ما بَينَ التَّكبيرَتَينِ يَستَغفِرُ لَها ويَدعو، ثُمَّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1563>بابُ ما رُوىَ في التَّحَلُّلِ مِن صلاةِ الجِنازَةِ بتَسليمَةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n٧٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ الحافظُ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ غَنّامِ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه، عن أبى العَنبَسِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيها أربَعًا وسَلَّمَ تَسليمَةً (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ مُرسَلًا أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سَلَّمَ على الجِنازَةِ تَسليمَةً واحِدَةً (^٤).\n\n٧٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرْطاةَ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ خَلفَ عليِّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بقدر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٤٠) من طريق شعبة به. والحميدى (٧١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٥٠٣، ١٥٩٢) من طريق إبراهيم الهجرى به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٣٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٦٠. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٢ من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٨٧: أبوه مجهول. يعنى أبا أبى العنبس.\n(^٤) ينظر المراسيل لأبى داود (٤١٨).","vol":"7","page":403},{"text":"ابنِ أبى طالِب -﵁- على جِنازَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُكَفِّفٍ فكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا وسَلَّمَ واحِدَةً (^١).\n\n٧٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: تَسليمَةً (^٣). يَعنِى في الجِنازَةِ.\n\n٧٠٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ سَلَّمَ واحِدَةً عن يَمينِهِ (^٤).\n\n٧٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن زائدَةَ بنِ قُدامَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ المُهاجِرِ. عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يُسَلِّمُ على الجِنازَةِ تَسليمَةً (^٥).\n\n٧٠٦٨ - قال: وحَدَثَنا نُعَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ أبى مالكٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ -﵁- صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُسَلِّمُ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٠٢) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) في ص ٣، وحاشية س: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣١٨٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦١١) من طريق العمرى به.\n(^٥) سيأتى في (٧٠٧١).","vol":"7","page":404},{"text":"الجِنازَةِ تَسليمَةً (^١).\nورُوّيناه أيضًا عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وأَبِى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ ابنِ حُنيفٍ وغيرِهِم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1564>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَلِّمُ عن يَمينِه وعن شِمالِهِ</span>\n\n٧٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن إبراهيمَ الهَجَرِىِّ قال: أمَّنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى أوفَى على جِنازَةِ ابنَتِه فكَبَّرَ أربَعًا، فمَكَثَ ساعَةً حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُكَبِّرُ خَمسًا، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عن يَمينِه وعن شِمالِه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قُلنا له: ما هَذا؟ قالَ: إنِّى لا أزيدُكُم على ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ. أو: هَكَذا صنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ رَكِبَ دابَّتَه، وقالَ لِلغُلامِ: أينَ أنا؟ قال: أمامَ الجِنازَةِ. قال: أَلَم أنهَكَ؟! وكانَ قَد كُفَّ يَعنِى بَصَرَه (^٣).\n\n٧٠٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ٢٨٩ من طريق حمزة بن محمد به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٦١٥).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٤٤٣).\n(^٣) أبو بكر الشافعى في الغيلانيات (٣٤١).","vol":"7","page":405},{"text":"أبى عبدِ الرَّحيمِ (^١)، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأَسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: ثَلاثُ خِلالٍ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفعَلُهُنَّ تَرَكَهُنَّ النّاسُ؛ إحداهُنَّ التَّسليمُ على الجِنازَةِ مِثلَ التَّسليمِ في الصلاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1565>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمًا خَفيًّا </span>(^٣)\nرُوّينا ذَلِك في حَديثِ أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلٍ، عن رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في إحدَى الروايَتَينِ: ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ تَسليمًا خَفيًّا (^٤)، وفِى الأُخرَى: ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ سِرًّا في نَفسِهِ (^٥).\n\n٧٠٧١ - وأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ العَنقَزِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يُسَلِّمُ في الجِنازَةِ تَسليمَةً خَفيَّةً (^٦).\n\n٧٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في م، وحاشية س: \"الرحمن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢١٧، ٣٤/ ٤٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٠٢٢) من طريق خالد بن يزيد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٨٧. سنده صالح.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣: \"خفيفا\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٠٤٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٠٤٠).\n(^٦) في ص ٣: \"خفيفة\".\nوالحديث أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٤٤٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٦٠٣) من طريق سفيان به. وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة: خفيَّة.","vol":"7","page":406},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ يقولُ لِسَعيدٍ: مِن: سُنَّةِ الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ أن يُكَبِّرَ، ثُمَّ يُصلِّىَ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ يَجتَهِدَ لِلمَيِّتِ في الدُّعاءِ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَ في نَفسِهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوىَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن مَعمَرٍ، وعِندِى أنَّه غَلَطٌ، والصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ مَن رَواها عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1566>بابُ مَنْ قال: يُسَلِّم حَتَّى يُسمعَ مَن يَليهِ</span>\n\n٧٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا صَلَّى على الجَنائزِ يُسَلِّمُ حَتَّى يُسمِعَ مَن يَليهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1567>بابٌ: يرفَعُ يَدَيه في كُلِّ تَكبيرَةٍ</span>\n\n٧٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه الهَرَوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه على كلِّ تكبيرَةٍ مِن تكبيرِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ٢٥٩ عن عبد الواحد به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٠٤٠).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٣٠. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٥٧) من طريق ابن بكير به.","vol":"7","page":407},{"text":"الجِنازَةِ، وإِذا قامَ بَينَ الرَّكعَتَينِ؛ يَعنِى في المَكتوبَةِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان يَرفَعُ يَدَيه كُلَّما كَبَّرَ على الجِنازَةِ (^٢).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: وبَلَغَنِى عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوّيناه عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ والحَسَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1568>بابُ المَسبوقِ لا يَنتَظِرُ الإمامَ أن يُكَبِّرَ ثانيَةً، ولَكِن يَفتَتِحُ بنَفسِه فإِذا فرَغَ الإمامُ كَبَّرَ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما رُوَّينا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في المَسبوقِ ببَعضِ الصَّلاةِ: \"ما أَدْرَكْتُم فصَلّوا وما فاتَكُم فأَتِمّوا\" (^٥). ورُوّينا عن ابنِ سيرينَ وابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّهُما قالا: يَقضِى (^٦) ما فاتَه مِن ذَلِكَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شية (١١٤٨٨) عن ابن إدريس به، مقتصرًا على ذكر التكبير في الجنازة.\n(^٢) المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٢١٥٤).\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٣٥٨، ٦٣٥٩)، ومصنف ابن أبى شية (١١٤٨٩، ١٤٨٩٠، ١٤٨٩٣، ١٤٨٩٧)، وليس عندهما رواية الحسن.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩٣٧، ٣٦٦٨ - ٣٦٧٠، ٣٦٧٢).\n(^٦) في ص ٣: \"لا يقضى\".\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٩٣)، والتمهيد لابن عبد البر ٤/ ٣٦.","vol":"7","page":408},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1569>بابُ الرَّجُلِ تَفوتُه الصَّلاةُ مَعَ الإمامِ فيُصَلِّيها بَعدَهُ</span>\n\n٧٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا العَلاءُ ابنُ صالِحٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن حَنَشٍ قال: ماتَ سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ فأُتِيَ به الرَّحْبَةَ، فصلَّى عَلَيه عليٌّ -﵁-، فلَمّا أتَينا الجَبّانَةَ (^١) لَحِقَنا قَرَظَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ في ناسٍ مِن قَومِه، أو في ناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَم نَشهَدِ الصَّلاةَ عَلَيه. فقالَ: صَلُّوا عَلَيه. فصَلَّى بهِم، فكانَ إمامَهُم قَرَظَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا زائدَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرْثَدٍ (^٣) قال: صَلَّى عليٌّ -﵁- علَى يَزيدَ بنِ المُكَفِّفِ النَّخَعِيِّ، فجاءَ قَرَظَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ وأَصحابُه بَعدَ الدَّفنِ، فأَمَرَهُم أن يُصَلُّوا عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٧٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ (^٥)، عن\n_________\n(^١) الجبانة والجبان: الصحراء، وتسمى بهما المقابر؛ لأنَّها تكون في الصحراء، تسمية للشئ بموضعه. النهاية ١/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٠. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٤٧٢ من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٣) في س: \"مزيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢١.\n(^٥) في ص ٣: \"عرقه\".","vol":"7","page":409},{"text":"المُستَظِلِّ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ بَعدَما صُلِّىَ عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٧٠٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، أنَّ أبا موسَى صَلَّى على الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ الجُعفِيِّ بَعدَما صُلِّىَ عَلَيه، أدرَكَهُم بالجَبَّانِ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن حَربِ بنِ شَدَّادٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ أنَسَ ابنَ سيرينَ حَدَّثَه أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أتَى جِنازَةً وقَد صُلِّىَ عَلَيها، والسَّريرُ (^٣) مَوضوعٌ فصَلَّى قِبَلَ السَّريرِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1570>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على القَبِر بَعدَما يُدفَنُ المَيِّتُ</span>\n\n٧٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٦٣٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢١. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٦/ ١٧٦، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٠٥٦)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٢/ ٢٧٩ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) السرير: النعش قبل أن يحمل عليه الميت، فإذا حمل عليه فهو جنازة. تاج العروس ١٢/ ١٥ (س ر ر).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدورى في تاريخه ٤/ ٢٤٣ (٤١٦٦) من طريق حرب بن شداد به بنحوه.","vol":"7","page":410},{"text":"المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِى مَنْ مَرَّ مَعَ نَبِيِّكُم -ﷺ- على قَبرٍ مَنبوذٍ قال: فأَمَّنا وصَفَّنا خَلفَه. قال: قُلنا: يا أبا عمرٍو، مَن حَدَّثَكَ؟ قال: ابنُ عباسٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى مَن رأَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أنَّه أَتَى على قَبرٍ مَنبوذٍ، فصَلَّى بهِم فأَمَّهُم. قُلتُ: فمَنْ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قال: ابنُ عباسٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِنْ وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ يَعنِى ابنَ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا عثماد يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على رَجُلٍ بَعدَما دُفِنَ بلَيلَةٍ، قامَ هو وأَصحابُه -وكانَ سَأَلَ عنه- فقالَ: \"مَن هَذا؟ \". قالوا: دُفِنَ البارِحَةَ. فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٠٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ بذَلِكَ إلَّا أنَّه قال: فصلَّوا عَلَيهِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٣٤)، والبخاري (٨٥٧)، والنسائى (٢٠٢٢)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨٨) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (٧٠١٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٢٢)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٠٩١) عن عمران بن موسى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢١٣٨) من طريق أبى يعلى به.","vol":"7","page":411},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وقالَ: فصَلَّوا عَلَيهِ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن جَريرٍ (^١).\n\n٧٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: انتَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى قَبرٍ رَطْبٍ، فصَلَّى عَلَيه وصَلُّوا خَلفَه، فكَبَّرَ أربَعًا. قُلتُ لِعامِرٍ: مَن حَدَّثَكَ؟ قال: الثِّقَةُ، مَن شَهِدَه، عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عباسٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nوهَذا حَديث رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، وزائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، وهُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، وأبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ وغَيرُهُم عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ هَؤُلاءِ (^٤). وخالَفَهُم هُرَيمُ بنُ سُفيانَ فرَواه عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، فقالَ في الحديثِ: بَعدَ مَوتِه بثَلاثٍ.\n\n٧٠٨٤ - أخبَرَناهَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٣٤٠)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٩٦) من طريق ابن إدريس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٥٤/ ٦٨).\n(^٤) سيأتى من طريق سفيان في الحديث الآتي. وأخرجه البخارى (١٣٢٢)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٠٠٠) من طريق عبد الواحد به. والبخارى (١٣٢٦) من طريق زائدة به. ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٠٠٠)، والترمذى (١٠٣٧)، والنسائى (٢٠٢٣) من طريق هشيم به. وأحمد (١٩٦٢)، والبخارى (١٢٤٧)، وابن ماجة (١٥٣٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"7","page":412},{"text":"الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ صاعِدٍ والقاضِى المَحامِلِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ [يونُسَ الزَّيّاتُ] (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُرَيمُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على مَيِّتٍ بَعدَ مَوتِه بثَلاثٍ (^٢).\nورُوىَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ زَكَريّا عن الشَّيبانِيِّ بإِسنادِه: صَلَّى على قَبرٍ بَعدَ ما دُفِنَ بلَيلَتَينِ (^٣). ذَكَرناه في \"الخلافيات\".\n\n٧٠٨٥ - ورَواه بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، عن أبى عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرٍ بَعدَ شَهرٍ. أخبَرَناه أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال عليٌّ: تَفَرَّدَ به بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، وخالَفَه غَيرُه عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ما قالَه أبو الحَسَنِ مِن مُخالَفَةِ غَيرِه إيّاه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على\n_________\n(^١) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"موسى بن الزيات\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٨. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٧/ ٤٥٥ من طريق المحاملى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٠٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن زكريا به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٧٨.","vol":"7","page":413},{"text":"قَبرٍ بَعدَما دُفِنَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه وكيعٌ، وعَبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، والفِريابِيُّ، والجَماعَةُ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوّينا الحديثَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ وأَبِى حَصينٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ دونَ ذِكرِ هذه الزِّيادَةِ:\nأمَّا حَديثُ إسماعيلَ:\n\n٧٠٨٧ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على قَبرٍ مَنبوذٍ فصَلَّى عَلَيه وصلَّينا مَعَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن وهبٍ (^٤).\nوأَمَّا حَديثُ أبى حَصينٍ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٠٨٥) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٦٥٤٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤)، ومسلم (٩٥٤/ ٠٠٠) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٣٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٠٨٩، ٣٠٩٠) من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٥٤/ ٦٩).","vol":"7","page":414},{"text":"٧٠٨٨ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباس، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرٍ بَعدَما دُفِنَ (^١).\n\n٧٠٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ النَّضْرِ الجارودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّازِيُّ زُنَيجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ الضُّرَيسِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُنَيجٍ أبى غَسّانَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ حِميَرٍ (^٤) وكِنانَةُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ عن أبى حَصينٍ.\nوقَد رُوىَ عن إبراهيمَ عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ:\n\n٧٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَويُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ مَرَّ بقَبرٍ حَديثِ عَهدٍ بدَفْنٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٨٣٨) من طريق أبى غسان به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢١٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن الضريس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٥٤/ ٦٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٢٥٥) من طريق محمد بن حمير به.","vol":"7","page":415},{"text":"فقالَ: \"قَبرُ مَن هَذا؟ \" فقيلَ: قَبرُ فُلانٍ. قال: فنَزَلَ فصَفَّ أصحابَه خَلفَه، فصَلَّى عَلَيه وأَنا فيمَن صَلَّى عَلَيه (^١). وكأَنَّه سَمِعَ الحديثَ مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا.\nورُوىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ وغَيرِهِما عن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٧٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرٌ الطيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وخَلَفُ ابنُ سالِمٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا غُندَرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرِ امرأَةٍ بَعدَما دُفِنَت (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَرْعَرَةَ عن غُندَرٍ مُختَصَرًا، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرٍ (^٣). فقَط.\n\n٧٠٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَي، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بقَبرٍ يُدفَنُ فقالَ: \"قَبرُ مَن هَذا؟ \" قالوا: قَبر فُلانٍ. قال: \"أفَلا كُنتُم آذَنتُمونِي؟ \". قال: فصَغَّروا أمرَه وحَقَّروه، فصَلَّى عَلَيه بَعدَما دُفِنَ، وقالَ: \"هذه القُبورُ مَملوءَةٌ على أهلِها ظُلمَةً، وَإِنَّ اللُّهَ عَزَّ\n_________\n(^١) وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٩٠: والآخر محفرظ.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٢٣١٨)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٥٣١)، وابن حبان (٣٠٨٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٥٥).","vol":"7","page":416},{"text":"وجَلَّ لَيُنَوِّرُها بصَلَاتِى عَلَيها\" (^١).\nوقَد رَواه ثابِتٌ عن أبى رافِعٍ عن أبى هريرةَ، وهو مَحفوظٌ مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا:\n\n٧٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ الوَكيلُ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدَاباذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ امرأَةً سَوداءَ أو رَجُلًا كان يَقُمُّ المَسجِدَ، ففَقَدَه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فسأَلَ عنه، فقالوا: ماتَ. فقالَ: \"أَفَلا آذَنْتُمونِي به؟ دُلّونِى على قَبرِه\". فدَلُّوه فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِهِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، زادَ: فكأَنَّهُم صَغَّروا مِن أمرِها، أو مِن أمرِه، فقالَ: \"دُلُّونِى على قَبرِها\". فأَتَى قَبرَها، فصلَّى عَلَيها، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ هذه القُبورَ مَملوءَةٌ ظُلمَةً على أهلِها، وإنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يُنَوِّرُها بصَلَاتِى عَلَيها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥١٧) من طريق ثابت به وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٦: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٠٣) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٨٦٣٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٨، ١٣٣٧).\n(^٤) المصنّف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٧٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٠٣) عن مسدد به.","vol":"7","page":417},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وذَكَرَ هذه الزِّيادَةَ (^١).\n\n٧٠٩٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُمَحِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا حَمادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ امرأَةً سَوداءَ كانَت تَقُمُّ المَسجِدَ فماتَت، ففَقَدَها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فسأَلَ عَنها بَعدَ أَيَّامٍ، فقيلَ له: إنَها ماتَت. فقالَ: \"هَلَّا كُنْتُم آذَنتُمونِي؟ \". فأَتَى قَبرَها فصَلَّى عَلَيها (^٢). زادَ ابنُ عبد في حَديثِه: قال: وأخبرَنا حَمَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ثابِتٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ هذه القُبورَ مَملوءَةٌ ظُلمَةً على أهلِها، وإنَّ اللهُ ﷿ يُنَوِّرُها بصَلَاتِى عَلَيها\".\n\n٧٠٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ثابِت، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ إنسانًا كان يقُمُّ المَسجِدَ أسوَدَ. قال: فماتَ أو ماتَت ففَقَدَها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"ما فعَلَ الإِنسانُ الَّذِى كان يَقُمُّ المَسجِدَ؟ \". فقيلَ: ماتَ. قال: \"فهَلَّا آذَنتُمونِي به؟ \". فقالوا: إنَّه كان لَيلًا. قال: \"فدُّلُّونِي على قَبرِها\". قال: فأَتَى القَبرَ فصَلَّى عَلَيها. ثُمَّ قال ثابِتٌ عِندَ ذاكَ، أو في حَديثٍ آخَرَ: \"إنَّ هذه القُبورَ مَملوءَة ظُلمَةً\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٥٦/ ٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٩٩) عن أحمد بن عبدة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢٣٨).","vol":"7","page":418},{"text":"على أهلِها، وإِنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يُنَوِّرُها بصَلاتِى عَلَيها\" (^١).\nوالَّذِى يَغلِبُ على القَلبِ أن تَكُونَ هذه الزِّيادَةُ في غَيرِ رِوايَةِ أبى رافِعٍ عن أبى هريرةَ؛ فإِمَّا أن تَكُونَ عن ثابِتٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلَةً، كما رَواه أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ ومَن تابَعَه (^٢)، أو عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، كما رَواه خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه غَيرُ حَمّادٍ عن ثابِتٍ عن أبى رافِعٍ فلَم يَذكُرْها:\n\n٧٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَويُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجَّاجِ يَعنِى ابنَ الحَجّاجِ، عن يونُسَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: إنَّ رَجُلًا كان يَتَّبعُ (^٤) قَذَى المَسجِدِ فيَلْقُطُه، ففَقَدَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"ما فعَلَ فُلانٌ؟ \". فقيلَ: إنَّه ماتَ. قال: فانطَلَقَ مَن شاءَ اللَّهُ مِن أصحابِه، فأَمَرَهُم فصَفُّوا، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فصَلَّى عَلَيه بهِم (^٥).\n\n٧٠٩٨ - ورُوىَ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على قَبرٍ بَعدَ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ. أَخْبَرَنا جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ ابنُ عاصِمٍ الكوفِيُّ مِن آلِ مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ واقِدٍ الصَّفّارُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٠٣٧) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٠٩٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٠٩٢).\n(^٤) في م: \"يتتبع\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٣٣ عن أبى الحسن العلوى به.","vol":"7","page":419},{"text":"فذَكَرَه. وحَمَّادُ بنُ واقِدٍ هَذا ضَعيفٌ (^١).\nوهَذا التَّأْقيتُ لا يَصِحُّ البَتَّةَ، وإِنَّما يَصِحُّ ما ذَكَرَه بَعضُ الرُّواةِ عن حَمَّادِ ابنِ زَيدٍ: فسأَلَ عَنها بَعدَ أيَّامٍ. وفِى بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ: فذَكَرَه ذاتَ يَومٍ. وقَد رُوىَ في هَذا عن يَزيدَ بنِ ثابِتٍ أخِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ويَزيدُ ابنُ ثابِتٍ قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وزيدٌ لَم يَشهَدْه:\n\n٧٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرٌو يَعنى ابنَ عَونٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عمِّه يَزيدَ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى البَقيعِ فرأَى قَبرًا جَديدًا، فسأَلَ عنه، فذُكِرَ له فعَرَفَه، فقالَ: \"أَلَا آذَنتُمونِي؟ \". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كُنتَ قائلًا فكَرِهْنا أن نُؤذِيَكَ. فقالَ: \"لا تَفعَلوا، لا أعرِفَنَّ ما ماتَ مِنكُم مَيِّتٌ ما دُمتُ بَينَ أظهُرِكُم إلَّا آذَنتُمونِي، فإنَّ صَلَاتِى عَلَيه رَحمَةٌ\". ثُمَّ أتَى القَبرَ فصَلَّى عَلَيه، فصَفَّنَا عَلَيه وكَبَّرَ أربَعًا (^٢).\nورُوىَ فيه عن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ (^٣) وبُرَيدَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-.\n_________\n(^١) هو حماد بن واقد العيشي، أبو عمر الصفار. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٨، والضعفاء للعقيلى ١/ ٣١٢، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٥٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٨٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٨/ ٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٩٨: ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٥٢) من طريق هثم ب بنحوه. وتقدم في (٧٠١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٣)، وابن ماجه (١٥٢٩). وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢٤٠): حسن صحيح.","vol":"7","page":420},{"text":"٧١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أنَّ بَعضَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ ﵌ كان يَعودُ مَرضَى مَساكينِ المُسلِمينَ وضُعَفائهِم، ويَتبَعُ جَنائزَهُم، ولا يُصَلِّى عَلَيهِم أحَدٌ غَيرُه، وأَنَّ امرأَةً مِسكينَةً مِن أهلِ العَوالِى طالَ سَقَمُها، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسأَلُ عَنها مَن حَضرَها مِن جيرانِها وأَمَرَهُم ألَّا يَدفِنوها إنْ حَدَثَ بها حَدَثٌ، فيُصَلِّى عَلَيها، فتوُفّيَت تِلكَ المَرأَةُ لَيلًا، فاحتَمَلوها فأَتَوا بها مَعَ الجَنائزِ، أو قال: مَوضِعَ الجَنائزِ، عِندَ مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ليُصَلِّىَ عَلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كما أمرَهُم، فوَجَدوه قَد نامَ بَعدَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ فكَرِهوا أن يُهَجِّدوا (^١) رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن نَومِه، فصَلَّوا عَلَيها، ثُمَّ انطَلَقوا بها، فَلَمّا أصبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سأَلَ عَنها مَن حَضَرَه مِن جيرانِها، فأَخبَروه خَبَرَها، وأَنَّهُم كَرِهوا أن يُهَجِّدوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَها، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ولِمَ فعَلتُمُ؟! انطَلِقُوا\". فانطَلَقَوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى قاموا على قَبرِها فصَفّوا وراءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كما يُصَفُّ لِلصَّلاةِ على الجَنائزِ، فصَلَّى عَلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكَبَّرَ أربَعًا كما يُكَبِّرُ على الجَنائزِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٠١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يهجروا\"، ويهجدوا: يوقظوا. ينظر التاج ٩/ ٣٣٤، ٣٣٥ (هـ ج د).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث (٢٧١ - بغية)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٢٢٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"7","page":421},{"text":"أخو خَطَّابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِهرانُ بنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سِنانٍ سعيدُ ابنُ سِنانٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- مَرَّ على قَبرٍ جَديدِ (^١) عَهدٍ بدَفنٍ، ومَعَه أبو بكرٍ فقالَ: \"قَبرُ مَن هَذا؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذه أُمُّ مِحْجَنٍ كانَت مُولَعَةً بلَقطِ القَذَى مِنَ المَسجِدِ. فقالَ: \"أفَلَا آذَنتُمونِي؟ \". فقالوا: كُنتَ نائمًا فكَرِهْنا أن نَهيجَكَ (^٢). قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا، فإنَّ صَلَاتِي على مَوتاكُم نورٌ لَهُم في قُبورِهِم\". قال: فصَفَّ أصحابَه فصَلَّى عَلَيها. قال أبو سِنانٍ: فعَرَضتُ هَذا الحديثَ على عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، فقالَ: إنَّ أبا موسَى وأَصحابَه صَلَّوْا على قَبرٍ بَعدَ ما دُفِنَ. وقالَ: أَلَا سَبَقَ القَومُ بالصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٧١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على أُمِّ سَعدٍ بَعدَ مَوتِها بشَهرٍ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، وهو مُرسَلٌ صَحيحٌ (^٤).\n\n٧١٠٣ - ورَواه سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولًا قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هذه وهذه في\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"حديث\".\n(^٢) نهيجك: نزعجك. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٣٢) مختصرًا، والرويانى (٤٣) من طريق ابن حميد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٩١: إسناده لين.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٣٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.","vol":"7","page":422},{"text":"الدّيَةِ سَواءٌ\". يَعْنِى الخِنصَرَ والإِبهامَ. فقيلَ له: لَو صَلَّيتَ على أُمِّ سَعدٍ؟ فصَلَّى عَلَيها وقَد أتَى لَها شَهرٌ، وقَد كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- غائبًا. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعِمرانُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ (^١) قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوهَذا الكَلامُ في صَلاتِه على أُمِّ سَعدٍ في هَذا الإِسنادِ يَتَفَرَّدَ به سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، والمَشهورُ عن قَتادَةَ عن ابنِ المُسَيِّبِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا كما مَضَى، وفيما حَكَى أبو داودَ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ أنَّه قيلَ لأحمَدَ: حَدَّثَ به سوَيدٌ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ. قال: لا يُحَدِّثُ بمِثلِ هَذا.\n\n٧١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عَبَدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدِ ابنُ مَعبَدِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، أنَّ البَراءَ بنَ مَعرورٍ كان أوَّلَ مَنِ استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، وكانَ أحَدَ السبعينَ النُّقَباءَ، فقَدِمَ المَدينَةَ قَبلَ أن يُهاجِرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فجَعَلَ يُصَلِّى نَحوَ القِبلَةِ، فلَمَّا حَضَرَتْه الوَفاةُ أوصَى بثُلُثِ مالِه لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَضَعُه حَيثُ شاءَ، وقالَ: وجِّهُونِي في قَبرِى نَحوَ القِبلَةِ. فقَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بَعدَ سنةٍ فصَلَّى عَلَيه هو وأَصحابُه، ورَدَّ ثُلُثَ ميراثِه على ولَدِهِ (^٣). كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِي، والصَّوابُ: بَعدَ شَهرٍ. واللهُ أعلَمُ، وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"السجستانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٦١٩ من طريق حماد به.","vol":"7","page":423},{"text":"وَقَد رُوِّيناه في هَذا الكِتابِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيِّ عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه [عن أبيهِ] (^١) مَوصولًا دونَ التَّأْقيتِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النُّعمانِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: ماتَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ بالصِّفاحِ (^٣)، أو قَريبًا مِنها، فحَمَلناه على عَواتِقِ الرِّجالِ حَتَّى دَفَنَّاه بمَكَّةَ، فقَدِمَت عائشَةُ -﵂- بَعدَ وفاتِه، فقالَت: أينَ قَبرُ أخِى؟ فأَتَته فصَلَّت عَلَيهِ (^٤). زادَ فيه غَيرُه: بشَهرٍ (^٥).\n\n٧١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: قَدِمَ ابنُ عُمَرَ بَعدَ وفاةِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بثلاثٍ فأَتَى قَبرَه فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٦٧٨).\n(^٣) الصفاح: موضع بين حنين وأنصاب الحرم، على يسرة الداخل إلى مكة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٣٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٠٥٢) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٥) في م: \"بعد وفاته بشهر\".\n(^٦) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٤٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٠٥٣) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"7","page":424},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1571>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على المَيِّتِ الغائبِ بالنِّيَّةِ</span>\n\n٧١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَهُما، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَعَى لَهُم النَّجاشِيَّ صاحِبَ الحَبَشَةِ في اليَومِ الَّذِى مَاتَ فيه، فقالَ: \"استَغفِروا لأخيكُم\". قال: وقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَفَّهُم في المُصَلَّي، فصَلَّى عَلَيه، وكَبَّرَ أربَعًا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الحُلوانِىِّ [وعبدٍ] (^٣) والنّاقِدِ عن يَعقوبَ (^٤).\n\n٧١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكَيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ماتَ اليَومَ رَجُلٌ صالِحٌ، فصَلّوا على أصحَمَةَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٧٨) من طريق يعقوب به دون قول ابن شهاب الأخير. وتقدم في (٧٠١٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٨٨٠).\n(^٣) زيادة من: الأصل. وهو دى مسلم عن ثلاثتهم.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٥١/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢١٦٦)، والدلائل ٤/ ٤١١. وأخرجه الحميدي (١٢٩١) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٦٩٨٢).","vol":"7","page":425},{"text":"الرَّبيعِ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\n\n٧١٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيىَ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَمَّا بَلَغَه مَوتُ النَّجاشِيِّ قال: \"صَلُّوا على أخٍ لَكُم ماتَ بغَيرِ بلادِكُم\". قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصَفَّنا صُفوفًا (^٢). قال جابِرٌ: وكُنتُ في الصَّفِّ الثَّانِي أو الثَّالِثِ. قال: وكانَ اسمُ النَّجاشِيِّ أصحَمَةَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n٧١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ ابنُ ابنةِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أخاكُم قَد ماتَ فقوموا فصَلّوا عَلَيه\". يَعنى النَّجاشِيَّ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٨٧٧)، ومسلم (٩٥٢/ ٦٥).\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"خلفه\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١١٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١٥١) عن عبد الوهاب به. وتقدم في (٦٩٨٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٨٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٤٥) عن عمرو بن زرارة به. وأحمد (١٩٨٩١)، والنسائى (١٩٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وابن ماجه (١٥٣٥) من طريق أبى قلابة به. والترمذى (١٠٣٩)، وابن ماجه (١٥٣٥)، والنسائي (١٩٧٤) من طريق أبى المهلب به.","vol":"7","page":426},{"text":"حُجرٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n٧١١١ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى قِلابَةَ فزادَ فيه: قال: فصَفَّنا (^٢) خَلفَه كما يُصَفُّ على المَيِّتِ، وصَلَّينا عَلَيه كما يُصَلَّى على المَيِّتِ. حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وزيادَتِهِ (^٣).\nوالنَّجاشِيُّ كان مُسلِمًا، وفِى قَولِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فيما رُوِّينا دَليلٌ على ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧١١٢ - وفِى حَديثِ أبى بُردَةَ ابنِ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ عن أبيه في قِصَّةِ قُدومِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أرضَ الحَبَشَةِ، ودُخولِه على النَّجاشِيِّ، وإِخبارِه إيّاه أمرَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وما يقولُ في عيسَى ابنِ مَريَمَ وإِعجابِه به، ثُمَّ قَولِه: مَرحَبًا بكُم وبِمَن جِئتُم مِن عِندِه، فأَنا أشهَدُ أنَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وأَنَّه الَّذِى بَشَّرَ به عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ، ولَولا ما أنا فيه مِنَ المُلكِ لأَتَيتُه حَتَّى أحمِلَ نَعلَيهِ. أخبَرَناه عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ السَّوّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ القَصَّةَ، وفيها قَولُ النَّجاشِىِّ الَّذِى حَكَيتُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٥٣).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فصففنا\" بخطه.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٨٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٠٥) من طريق حرب به. وابن حبان (٣١٠٢) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٠٥) من طربق إسرائيل به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٠٤): ضعيف الإسناد.","vol":"7","page":427},{"text":"٧١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا العَلاءُ أبو محمدٍ الثقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بتَبوكَ، فطَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ بضياءٍ وشُعاع ونورٍ لَم أرَها طَلَعَت فيما مَضَي، فأَتَى جَبرَيلُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يَا جَبرَيلُ، ما لِى أرَى الشَّمسَ اليَومَ طَلَعَت بضياءٍ ونورٍ وشُعاع لَم أرَها طَلَعَت فيما مَضَى؟ \". فقالَ: ذاكَ أنَّ مُعاويَةَ ابنَ مُعاويَةَ اللَّيثِيَّ ماتَ بالمَدينَةِ اليَومَ، فبَعَثَ اللَّهُ ﷿ إلَيه سَبعينَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ يُصَلّونَ عَلَيهِ. قال: \"وفيمَ ذاكَ؟ \". قالَ: كان يُكثِرُ قِراءَةَ ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ باللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ، وفِى مَمشاه وقيامِه وقُعوده، فهَل لَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أن أقبِضَ لَكَ الأرضَ فتُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ (^١).\nالعَلاءُ هَذا، هو ابنُ زَيدٍ، ويُقالَ: ابنُ زَيدَلٍ. يُحَدِّثُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ بمَناكيرَ. أخْبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا الجُنَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا البخاريُّ قال: العَلاءُ بنُ زَيدٍ أبو محمدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أنَسٍ، رَوَى عنه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رُوىَ هَذا الحَديثُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسٍ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤٥. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٢٦٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٣٧٨: فيه العلاء بن زيدل أبو محمد الثَّقفى وهو متروك.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٦٢. وينظر التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٦/ ٥٢٠، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ١٧٧. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٣٩٣: قال ابن المدينى: كان يضع الحديث.","vol":"7","page":428},{"text":"٧١١٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحبوبُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ يَعنِى عَطاءً، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَزَلَ جِبرَيلُ ﵇ فقالَ: يا محمدُ، ماتَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ المُزَنِيُّ، أفَتُحِبُّ أن تُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه؟. قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فضَرَبَ جِبرَيلُ ﵇ بجَناحِه، فلَم تَبقَ شَجَرَةٌ ولا أكَمَةٌ (^١) إلَّا تَضَعضَعَت، ورَفَعَ له سَريرَه حَتَّى نَظَرَ إلَيه، وصلَّى عَلَيه وخَلفَه صَفّانِ مِنَ المَلائكَةِ، في (^٢) كلِّ صَفٍّ سَبعونَ ألفَ مَلَكٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لجبرَيلَ ﵇: \"يَا جِبرَيلُ، بِمَ نَالَ هذه المَنزِلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ: بحُبِّه ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ وقِراءَتِه إيّاها جائيًا وذاهِبًا، وقائمًا وقاعِدًا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: مَحبوبُ بنُ هِلالٍ مُزَنِيٌّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى مَيْمونٍ (^٤)، عن أنَسٍ: نَزَلَ جِبرَيلُ ﵇. لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيه، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الأكمة: التل دون الجبل، وهى الموضع الذى يكون أشد ارتفاعًا مما حوله. ينظر التاج ٣١/ ٢٢٤ (أ ك م).\n(^٢) زيادة من: الأصل. وفوقها بخطه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٢٦٨) من طريق عثمان بن الهيثم به.\n(^٤) كتب فوقه في الأصل: كذا. وفى م: \"ميمونة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١١٧، ١١٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٤٧.\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٣٦، وفيه: مدينى. بدلًا من: مزنى. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٩٣: وهو مجهول.","vol":"7","page":429},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1572>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على الجنازَةِ في المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٧١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ ابنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ حَمزَةَ، أُراه عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها أمَرَت بسَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ -﵁- أن يُمَرَّ به في المَسجِدِ لِتُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه، فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ النّاسُ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ما أسرَعَ ما نَسِىَ النّاسُ! ما صَلّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على سُهَيلِ ابنِ البَيضاءِ إلّا في المَسجِدِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، ولَم يَقُلْ: أُراه. وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ حَمزَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧١١٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ يَعنِى عبدانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ حَمزَةَ، أنَّ عَبّادَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ وبَعضَ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ورَضِىَ عَنهُنَّ، أمَرنَ بجِنازَةِ سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- أن يُمَرَّ بها عَلَيهِنَّ، فمُرَّ به في المَسجِدِ، فجَعَلَ يُوقَفُ على الحُجَرِ، فيُصَلّينَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ بَلَغَ عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٤١)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٣٣)، والنسائى (١٩٦٦) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٣/ ٩٩، ١٠٠).","vol":"7","page":430},{"text":"بَعضَ النّاسِ عابَ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ: هذه بدعَةٌ، ما كانَتِ الجِنازَةُ تَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ. فقالَت: ما أسرَعَ النّاسَ إلَى أن يَعِيبُوا ما لا عِلْمَ لَهُم بهِ! عابوا عَلَينا أن دَعَونا بجِنازَةِ سَعدٍ تَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ، وما صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على سُهَيلِ ابنِ بَيضاءَ إلَّا في جَوفِ المَسجِدِ (^١).\n\n٧١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ لَمّا توُفِّىَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ قالَتِ: ادخُلوا به المَسجِدَ حَتَّى أُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه. فأُنكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فقالَت: والله لَقَد صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على ابنَىْ بَيضاءَ في المَسجِدِ؛ سُهَيلٍ وأَخيهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ أبانٍ الغَنَوىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما تَرَكَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- دينارًا ولا دِرهَمًا، ودُفِنَ لَيلَةَ الثُّلاثاءِ، وصُلِّىَ عَلَيه في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٧٢). وأخرجه النسائى (١٩٦٧) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (٢٥٣٥٧) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٩٥) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٣/ ١٠١).","vol":"7","page":431},{"text":"المَسجِدِ (^١). إسماعيلُ الغَنَوىُّ مَتروكٌ (^٢).\n\n٧١١٩ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- صُلِّىَ عَلَيه في المَسجِدِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٧١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- صُلِّىَ عَلَيه في المَسجِدِ وصَلَّى عَلَيه صُهَيبٌ (^٤).\n\n٧١٢١ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ والثَّورِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٦٦٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبان به.\n(^٢) هو إسماعيل بن أبان الغنوى العامرى، أبو إسحاق الكوفى الخياط. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٦٠، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١١، والمغنى ١/ ٧٧، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٢٧٠. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٦٥: متروك، رمى بالوضع.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١٧٥) عن الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٩٢ من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. ومالك ١/ ٢٣٠، وابن سعد ٣/ ٣٦٨ عن نافع به.","vol":"7","page":432},{"text":"جَميعًا، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوْءَمَةِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن صَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ في المَسجِدِ فلا شيءَ له\". قال صالِحٌ: فرأَيتُ الجِنازَةَ تُوضَعُ في المَسجِدِ، فرأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ إذا لَم يَجِدْ مَوضِعًا إلَّا في المَسجِدِ انصَرَفَ ولَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى طاهِرٍ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ هِلالٍ قَولُ صالِحٍ، فهَذا حَديثٌ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوْءَمَةِ (^٢)، وهو مِمّا يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ صالِحٍ، وحَديثُ عائشةَ -﵂- أصَحُّ مِنه. وصالِحٌ مَولَى التَّوْءَمَةِ مُختَلَفٌ في عَدالَتِه؛ كان مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ يُجَرِّحُه (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1573>بابُ المَيِّتِ يُدخِلُه قَبَره الرِّجالُ ومَن يَكونُ مِنهُم أفقَهَ وأَقرَبَ بالمَيِّتِ رَحِمًا</span>\n\n٧١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: غَسَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عليٌّ والفَضلُ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ -﵃-، وهُم أدخَلوه قَبرَه. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى مَرْحَبٌ أو ابنُ أبى مَرحَبٍ، أنَّهُم أدخَلوا مَعَهُم عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ -﵁-، فلَمّا فرَغَ علىٌّ -﵁- قال: إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٥٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٥١٧) من طريق وكيع به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣١٩١) من طرق عن ابن أبى ذئب به، وعند أبى داود: فلا شئ عليه. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٣٢) بلفظ المصنف.\n(^٣) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٣١١ (٢٣٨٢)، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٤١٦، ٤١٧. وتقدم في (١٤٦١).","vol":"7","page":433},{"text":"يَلِى الرَّجُلَ أهلُه (^١).\n\n٧١٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبَّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى مَرحَبٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ نَزَلَ في قَبرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيهِم أربَعَةً (^٢).\n\n٧١٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: غَسَلتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَهَبتُ أنظُرُ ما يَكونُ مِنَ المَيِّتِ فلَم أرَ شَيئًا، وكانَ طيِّبًا حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا -ﷺ-، ووَلِىَ دَفنَه وإِجنانَه (^٣) دونَ النّاسِ أربَعَةٌ؛ علىٌّ والعباسُ والفَضلُ وصالِحٌ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ولُحِدَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَحدًا ونُصِبَ عَلَيه اللَّبِنُ نَصْبًا (^٤).\n\n٧١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنى حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان الّذينَ نَزَلوا في قَبرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ والفَضلَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٠٩). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٤٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢١٠).\n(^٣) إجنانه: ستره. النهاية ١/ ٣٠٧.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٧٠٠).","vol":"7","page":434},{"text":"ابنَ العباسِ وقُثَمَ بنَ العباسِ وشُقرانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: وقَد قال أوسُ بنُ خَوْلِىِّ لِعَلِىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: يا علىُّ، أنشُدُكَ اللهَ وحَظَّنا مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ له: انزِلْ. فنَزَلَ مَعَ القَومِ، فكانوا خَمسَةً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وشُقرانُ هو صالِحٌ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، لَقَبُه شُقرانُ.\n\n٧١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: رأَى ناسٌ نارًا في المَقبُرَةِ فأَتَوها، فإِذا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في القَبرِ وإِذا هو يقولُ: \"ناولونِى صاحِبَكُم\". وإِذا هو الرَّجُلُ الأوّاهُ الَّذِى يَرفَعُ صَوتَه بالذِّكرِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أُسامَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، أخبرَنا هِلالٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: شَهِدْنا ابنَةً لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٢٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وهو في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٦٦٢ ولم يذكر عكرمة ولا ابن عباس. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٣٩٦: قثم أصغر من عبد الله بن عباس، هو من أقران الحسين، ورضع معه، فهو يصغر عن ذلك، شيخ ابن إسحاق ضعيف.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٨٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٤٥. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٩٩١).","vol":"7","page":435},{"text":"القَبرِ فرأيتُ عَينَيه تَدمَعانِ فقالَ: \"هَل مِنكُم مِن أحَدٍ لَم يُقارِفِ اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ أبو طَلحَةَ -﵁-: أنا. قال: \"فانزِلْ في قَبرِها\". [فنَزَلَ في قَبرِها] (^١)، وقالَ يونُسُ: \"هَل مِنكُم مِن رَجُلٍ؟ \" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ. قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن فُلَيحٍ: أُراه (^٣) يَعنِى الذَّنْبَ (^٤).\n\n٧١٢٨ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا فُلَيحُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: شَهِدنا ابنَةً لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ علي القَبرِ فرأَيتُ عَينَيه تَدمَعانِ فقالَ: \"هَل فيكُم مِن رَجُلٍ لَم يُقارِفِ اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ أبو طَلحَةَ وأبو ذَرٍّ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"فانزِلْ في قَبرِها\". قال فُلَيحٌ: فظَنَنتُ أنَّه يَعنِى الذَّنبَ (^٥).\n\n٧١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحَمنِ بنِ أبزَى، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كَبَّرَ على زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ أربَعًا، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مَن يُدخِلُ هذه قَبرَها؟ فقُلنَ: مَن كان\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٨٣) عن يونس بن محمد به. والبخارى (١٢٨٥) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"لم يقارف\".\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٤٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه الفسوى في المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ١٦٣، والإسماعيلى في مستخرجه -كما في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤٨٤ - من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.","vol":"7","page":436},{"text":"يَدخُلُ عَلَيها في حَياتِها (^١).\nورُوّيناه عن يَعلَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن إسماعيلَ فزادَ فيه: وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يُعجِبُه أن يُدخِلَها قَبرَها، فلَمّا قُلنَ ما قُلنَ قال: صَدَقنَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1574>بابُ ما رُوىَ في سَترِ القَبرِ بثَوبٍ</span>\n\n٧١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوىُّ، حدثنا مُحْرِزُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَلَّلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبرَ سَعدٍ بثَوبِهِ (^٣). لا أحفَظُه إلَّا مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى العَيزارِ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n٧١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ أنَّه حَضَرَ جِنازَةَ الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ فأَبَى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ أن يَبسُطوا عَلَيه ثَوبًا وقالَ: إنَّه رَجُلٌ. قال أبو إسحاقَ: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٠٩) عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. والبزار (٢٤١) من طريق وهب ابن جرير به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٥٢٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٢٤٨: رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٠٣٠).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ١٨٥. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ١٢٩.\n(^٤) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٩٧، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٧٩، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٧٩، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٤١، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٩٧، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ١٧٩.","vol":"7","page":437},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ قَد رأَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- (^١). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ وإِن كان مَوقوفًا، رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبى إسحاقَ.\n\n٧١٣٢ - ورُوى عن ابن الحَكَمِ عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، أنَّه أتاهُم. قال: ونَحنُ نَدفِنُ مَيِّتًا وقَد بُسِطَ الثَّوبُ على قَبرِه فجَذَبَ الثَّوبَ مِنَ القَبرِ وقالَ: إنَّما يُصنَعُ هَذا بالنِّساءِ. أَخبَرَناه ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ بَيانٍ (^٢) المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا الصَّعِقُ بنُ حَزنٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وهو في مَعنَى المُنقَطِعِ؛ لِجَهالَةِ الرَّجُلِ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1575>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَلُّ المَيِّتُ مِن قِبَلِ رِجلِ القَبرِ </span>(^٤)\n\n٧١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: أوصَى الحارِثُ أن يُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، فصَلَّى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أدخَلَه القَبرَ مِن قِبَلِ رِجلِ القَبرِ وقالَ: هَذا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^٥). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وقَد قال: هَذا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ. فصارَ كالمُسنَدِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٦/ ١٦٩ من طريق زهير به. وعبد الرزاق (٦٤٦٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٧٧٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) في س: \"سنان\".\n(^٣) ينظر التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ١٢٩.\n(^٤) في س: \"الميت\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٥٠)، وأبو داود (٣٢١١).","vol":"7","page":438},{"text":"وقَد رُوّينا هَذا القَولَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٧١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وغَيرُه، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ موسَى، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُلَّ مِن قِبَلِ رأسِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سُلَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن قِبَلِ رأسِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن أبى الزِّنادِ ورَبيعَةَ وأَبِى النَّضرِ لا اختِلافَ بَينَهُم في ذَلِكَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُلَّ مِن قِبَلِ رأسِه وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا هو المَشهورُ فيما بَينَ أهلِ الحِجازِ.\n\n٧١٣٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا أبو بُردَةَ في مَنزِلِه، حدثنا عَلقَمَةُ بنُ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٧٨٧، ١١٧٨٨).\n(^٢) الشافعى ١/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"7","page":439},{"text":"بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أُدخِلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مِن قِبَلِ القِبلَةِ، وأُلحِدَ له لَحدًا ونُصِبَ عَلَيه اللَّبِنُ نَصبًا (^١). وأبو بُردَةَ هَذا هو عمرُو بنُ يَزيدَ التَّميمِىُّ الكوفِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ في الحديثِ (^٢)، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه (^٣).\n\n٧١٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ اليَمانِ، حدثنا المِنهالُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبرًا لَيلًا وأُسرِجَ له سِراجٌ، وأَخَذَه مِن قِبَلِ القِبلَةِ وكَبَّرَ عَلَيه أربَعًا، ثُمَّ قال: \"رَحِمَكَ (^٤) اللهُ إن كُنتَ لأوّاهًا تاليًا لِلقُرآنِ\" (^٥). هَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\nورُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، والَّذِى ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ أشهرُ في أرضِ الحِجازِ، يأخُذُه الخَلَفُ عن السَّلَفِ، فهو أولَى بالاتِّباعِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٨٨. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٨٣٨) من طريق يحيى الحمانى به.\n(^٢) هو عمرو بن يزيد التميمى أبو بردة الكوفى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٦/ ٣٨٣، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٦٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢٢١، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٢٩٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٩٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٨١: ضعيف.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٤٥٦.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"يرحمك\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٥٧) من طريق يحيى بن اليمان به. وضعفه الألبانى وحسن موضع الشاهد في صحيح الترمذى (٨٤٤).","vol":"7","page":440},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1576>بابُ ما يُقالُ إذا أُدخِلَ المَيِّتُ قَبرَهُ</span>\n\n٧١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ. وحَدَّثَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى الصِّدّيقِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا وضَعَ المَيِّتَ في القَبرِ قال: \"باسمِ اللهِ وعَلَى سُنَّةِ (^١) رسولِ اللهِ\". وهَذا لَفظُ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٧١٤٠ - ورَواه وكيعٌ عن هَمّامٍ بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا وضَعتُم مَوتاكُم في قُبورِهِم فقولوا: باسمِ اللهِ وعَلَى سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوالحَديثُ يَتَفَرَّدُ برَفعِه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى بهَذا الإسناد وهو ثِقَةٌ، إلَّا أنَّ شُعبَةَ وهِشامًا الدَّستُوائىُّ رَوَياه عن قَتادَةَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٧١٤١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرٌو، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، كِلاهُما عن قَتادَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ملة\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢١٣). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٥١).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٢٣٣) عن وكيع به. وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٨١٢)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٧)، وابن حبان (٣١١٠) من طريق همام به.","vol":"7","page":441},{"text":"عن أبى الصِّدِّيقِ، قال شُعبَةُ في حَديثِه: قال: شَهِدتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ ووَضَعَ مَيِّتًا في قَبرِه، فقالَ: باسمِ اللهِ وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. [قال هِشامٌ في حَديثِه: إنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا وضَعَ المَيِّتَ قال: باسمِ اللهِ وعَلَى سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-] (^١) (^٢).\nورُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا بزيادَةِ ألفاظٍ، إلَّا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٧١٤٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الكَلبِىُّ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا إدريسُ بنُ صَبيحٍ الأودِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: حَضَرتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ في جِنازَةٍ فلَمّا وضَعَها في اللَّحدِ قال: باسمِ اللهِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللهِ وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فلَمّا أخَذَ في تَسويَةِ اللَّبِنِ [على اللَّحدِ] (١) قال: اللَّهُمَّ أجِرْها مِنَ الشَّيطانِ ومِن عَذابِ القَبرِ ومِن عَذابِ النّارِ. فلَمّا سَوَّى الكَثِيبَ عَلَيها قامَ جانِبَ القَبرِ ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ جافِ الأرضَ (^٣) عن جُثَّتِها (^٤)، وصَعِّدْ بروحِها، ولَقِّها مِنكَ رِضوانًا. فقُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: أشَيءٌ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أم شَيءٌ قُلتَه مِن رأيِكَ؟ قال: إنِّى إذن لَقادِرٌ على القَولِ، بَل سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٥). قال أبو أحمدَ: هَكَذا قال:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٨) من طريق شعبة به. والطبرانى في الدعاء (١٢٠٨) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم عن هشام به.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"القبر\".\n(^٤) فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا في الأصلين\". وفى حاشية س: \"جنبيها\".\n(^٥) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٥٩. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٥٣) عن هشام بن عمار به. وقال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٥٥٣): هذا إسناد فيه حماد بن عبد الرحمن، وهو متفق على تضعيفه.","vol":"7","page":442},{"text":"إدريسُ بنُ صَبيحٍ الأودِىُّ. وإِنَّما هو إدريسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأودِىُّ، ولا أعلَمُ أحَدًا يَرويه غَيرُ حَمّادِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ هَذا وهو قَليلُ الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n٧١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه وقالَ: إدريسُ ابنُ يَزيدَ الأودِىُّ.\nورُوّينا عن البَياضِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ وكيعٍ عن هَمّامٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: وبِالله وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٧١٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الزّاهِدُ يَعنِى أبا عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارَ، حدثنا البِرتِىُّ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ النَّخَعِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- وأَدخَلَ مَيِّتًا في قَبرِه فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ عبدُكَ ابنُ عبدِكَ (^٢)، نَزَلَ بكَ وأَنتَ خَيرُ مَنزولٍ به ولا نَعلَمُ (^٣) إلَّا خَيرًا وأَنتَ أعلَمُ به، كان يَشهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، فاغفِرْ له ذَنبَه، ووَسِّعْ له في مُدخَلِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1577>بابُ ما يُقالُ بَعدَ الدَّفنِ</span>\n\n٧١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٣٦٦.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"عبديك\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"به\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٠٣١).","vol":"7","page":443},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ وإبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ -واللَّفظُ لِتَمتامٍ (^١) - قال: حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بَحيرٍ، عن هانِئٍ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ قال: كان عثمانُ -﵁- إذا وقَفَ على قَبرٍ بَكَى حتَّى يَبُلَّ لِحيَتَه، قال: فيُقالُ له: تُذكَرُ الجَنَّةُ والنّارُ فلا تَبكِى وتَبكِى مِن هَذا؟ قال: فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ القَبرَ أوَّلُ مَنازِلِ الآخِرَةِ، فمَن نَجا مِنه فما بَعدَه أيسَرُ مِنه، ومَن لَم يَنجُ مِنه فما بَعدَه أشدُّ مِنه\". قال: وقالَ عثمانُ: ما رأَيتُ مَنظَرًا قَطُّ إلا والقَبرُ أفظَعُ مِنه. قال عثمانُ -﵁-: وكانَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إذا فرَغَ مِن دَفنِ المَيِّتِ قال: \"استَغفِروا لِمَيِّتِكُم وسَلوا له التَّثبيتَ فإنَّه الآنَ يُسأَلُ\" (^٢). زادَ فيه غَيرُه عن هِشامٍ: وقَفَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"استَغفِروا\". وأَسنَدَ قَولَه: \"ما رأَيتُ مَنظَرًا\". إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٧١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ (^٤)، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُدرِكٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- كان إذا سَوَّى على المَيِّتِ قال: اللَّهُمَّ [أسلَمَه إلَيكَ الأهلُ] (^٥) والمالُ والعَشيرَةُ، وذَنبُه عَظيمٌ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"تمتام لقب محمد بن غالب المذكور والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (٢٣٣، ٢٤٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (٢٣٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٣٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٦٧)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٤٥٤) من طريق هشام بن يوسف به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٤٢).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه عبد الرحمن بن مهدى\".\n(^٥) في م: \"أسلم إليك الأهل والعيال\".","vol":"7","page":444},{"text":"فاغفِرْ لَه (^١).\n\n٧١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: رأَيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ لَمّا فرَغَ مِن قَبرِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ السّائبِ فقامَ النّاسُ عنه، قامَ ابنُ عباسٍ فوَقَفَ عَلَيه ودَعا لَه (^٢).\n\n٧١٤٨ - ورُوِّينا عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵁- أنَّه قال لابنِه عبدِ اللهِ: فإِذا مِتُّ فلا تَصحَبْنِى نائحَةٌ ولا نارٌ، فإِذا دَفَنتُمونِى فسُنّوا (^٣) علىَّ التُّرابَ سَنًّا، فإِذا فرَغتُم مِن قَبرِى فامكُثوا حَولَ قَبرِى قَدرَ ما تُنحَرُ جَزورٌ ويُقسَمُ لَحمُها فإِنِّى أستأنِسُ بكُم حَتَّى أعلَمَ ما أُراجِعُ به رُسُلَ رَبِّى. أخبَرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ (^٤) شُمَاسَةَ المَهرِىِّ قال: حَضَرْنا عمرَو بنَ العاصِ وهو في سياقَةِ المَوتِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصَّحيح\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٠٥)، والطبرانى في الدعاء (١٢١٥) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (١١٨٠٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٠٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) أى: ضعوه وضعا سهلا. النهاية ٢/ ٤١٣.\n(^٤) في س: \"أبى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٠٠) من طريق أبى عاصم به مطولًا.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٢١).","vol":"7","page":445},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1578>بابُ ما ورَدَ في قِراءَةِ القُرآنِ عِندَ القَبرِ</span>\n\n٧١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سأَلتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ عن القِراءَةِ عِندَ القَبرِ فقالَ: حدثنا مُبَشِّرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَلَبِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحَمنِ بنِ العَلاءَ بنِ اللَّجلاجِ (^١)، عن أبيه أنَّه قال لِبَنيه: إذا أدخَلتُمونى قَبرِى فضَعونى في اللَّحدِ وقولوا: باسمِ اللهِ وعَلَى سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وسُنّوا علىَّ التُّرابَ سَنًّا، واقرَءوا عِندَ رأسِى أوَّلَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" وخاتِمَتَها؛ فإِنِّى رأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَستَحِبُّ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1579>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الدَّبحِ عِندَ القَبرِ</span>\n\n٧١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ أحمدَ الرَّوزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَقْرَ في الإسلامِ\". قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: كانوا يَعقِرونَ عِندَ القَبرِ. يَعنِى بَقَرَةً أو شَيئًا. لَم\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الجلاح\".\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين ٤/ ٤٤٩، ٥٠٢ (٥٢٣٨، ٥٤١٣). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٢٣٠ من طريق مبشر بن إسماعيل الحلبى به.=","vol":"7","page":446},{"text":"يَذكُرِ الزَّوزَنِىُّ قَولَ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1580>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ نَقلَ المَوتَى مِن أرضٍ إلَى أرضٍ</span>\n\n٧١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن نُبَيحٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ حُمِلَ القَتلَى ليُدفَنوا بالبَقيعِ، فنادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يأمُرُكُم أن تَدفِنوا القَتلَى في مَضاجِعِهِم. بَعدَما حَمَلَت أُمِّى أبى وخالِى عَديلَينِ (^٢) لِتَدفِنَهُم في البَقيعِ فرُدُّوا (^٣).\n\n٧١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ صُبحٍ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ روَيمٍ، أنَّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الجَرّاحِ -﵁- هَلَكَ بفِحْلٍ (^٥) فقالَ: ادفِنونِى خَلفَ النَّهَرِ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٦٩٠)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٦) من طريق عبد الرزاق به مطولًا، دون قول عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) أى على جنبى البعير. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٩١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٦٥)، والنسائى (٢٠٠٤) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. والترمذي (١٧١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٥١٦) من طريق الأسود به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح، ونبيح ثقة.\n(^٤) في س: \"صبيح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٥) فحل: موضع بالشام كانت فيه وقعة للمسلمين مع الروم. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٥٣.","vol":"7","page":447},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: ادفِنونِى حَيثُ قُبِضتُ (^١).\n\n٧١٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: ماتَ أخٌ لِعائشَةَ -﵂- بوادِى الحَبَشَةِ فحُمِلَ مِن مَكانِه، فأَتَيناها نُعَزّيها فقالَت: ما أجِدُ في نَفسِى -أو: يَحزُنُنِى في نَفسِى- إلَّا أنِّى ودِدتُ أنَّه كان دُفِنَ في مَكانِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1581>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ به بأسًا، وإن كان الاختيارُ فيما مَضَى</span>\n\n٧١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، حَدَّثَتنِى أُمِّى قالَت: ماتَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ -﵁- بالعَقيقِ، قال داودُ: وهو على نَحوٍ مِن عَشَرَةِ أميالٍ. قالَت: فرأَيتُه حُمِلَ على أعناقِ الرِّجالِ حَتَّى أُتِىَ به، فأُدخِلَ به المَسجِدَ مِن نَحو بابِ دارِ مَرْوانَ، فوُضِعَ عِندَ بُيوتِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بفِناءِ الحُجَرِ فصَلَّى الإمامُ عَلَيه، وصَلَّينَ (^٣) عَلَيه بصَلاةِ الإمامِ (^٤).\n\n٧١٥٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ٤٨٦ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٣٩ من طريق يعقوب بن سفيان به.\n(^٣) في مصدر التخربج، وحاشية س: \"صليت\".\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٤، ٢٢٥.","vol":"7","page":448},{"text":"قال: قَد حُمِلَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ -﵁- مِنَ العَقيقِ إلَى المَدينَةِ، وحُمِلَ أُسامَةُ ابنُ زَيدٍ -﵄- مِنَ الجُرفِ (^١).\n\n٧١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ -﵄- توُفِّىَ بالحُبشِىِّ على رأسِ أميالٍ مِن مَكَّةَ فنَقَلَه ابنُ صَفوانَ إلَى مَكَّةَ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن أيّوبَ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: ماتَ عبدُ الرَّحَمنِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ -﵄- بالصِّفاحِ أو قَريبًا مِنها، فحَمَلناه على عَواتِقِ الرِّجالِ حَتَّى دَفَنّاه بمَكَّةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1582>بابُ مَن حَوَّلَ المَيِّتَ مِن قَبرِه إلَى آخَرَ لِحاجَةٍ</span>\n\n٧١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: دُفِنَ مَعَ أبى رَجُلٌ يَومَ أُحُدٍ فلَم تَطِبْ نَفسِى حَتَّى أخرَجتُه فَدَفَنتُه على حِدَةٍ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سعيدِ بنِ عامِرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٨/ ٨٣ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٣٩ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٧١٠٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٢٠٢٠) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.","vol":"7","page":449},{"text":"حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: فاستَخرَجتُه بَعدَ سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ فإِذا هو كَيَومِ وضَعتُه هُنَيَّةً غَيرَ أُذُنِه (^١). كَذا رَواه، بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ يَقولونَ: إنَّما هو عِندَ أُذُنِهِ.\n\n٧١٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ أبى مَسلَمَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: دُفِنَ أبى مَعَ رَجُلٍ فكانَ في نَفسِى مِن ذلكَ حاجَةٌ، فأَخرَجتُه بَعدَ سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ، فما أنكَرتُ مِنه شَيئًا إلَّا شُعَيراتٍ كُنَّ في لِحيَتِه مِمّا يَلِى الأرضَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1583>بابُ (^٣) مَن كَرِهَ أن يُحفَرَ له قَبرُ غَيرِه إذا كان يُتَوَهَّمُ بَقاءُ شَيءٍ مِنه؛ مَخافَةَ أن يُكسَرَ له عَظمٌ</span>\n\n٧١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: ما أُحِبُّ أن أُدفَنَ بالبَقيعِ، لأن أُدفَنَ في غَيرِه أحَبُّ إلَىَّ؛ إنَّما هو أحَدُ رَجُلَينِ؛ إمّا ظالِمٌ فلا أُحِبُّ أن أكونَ في جِوارِه، وإمَّا صالِحٌ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٣٥١، ١٣٥٢). وفى حاشية الأصل: \"لم يضبط في أصل المصنف لفظ هنية\".\nوقال ابن حجر: وقوله: كيوم وضعته هنية غير أذنه. وقال عياض: في رواية ابن السكن والنسفى: غير هنية في أذنه. وهو الصواب بتقديم \"غير\" وزيادة: \"في\"، وفى الأول تغيير، قال: ومعنى قوله: \"هنية\" أى شيئًا يسيرًا. فتح البارى ٣/ ٢١٦، ٢١٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٣٢). وسيأتى في (١٢٨٠٤).\n(^٣) سقط هذا الباب من: ص ٣.","vol":"7","page":450},{"text":"فلا أُحِبُّ أن تُنبَشَ لِى عِظامُه. قال: وأَخبَرَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كَسرُ عَظمِ المَيِّتِ كَكَسرِ عَظمِ الحَىِّ (^١). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: تَعنِى في المأثَمِ.\n\n٧١٦٠ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوىَ هَذا الحَديثُ مَوصولًا مَرفوعًا: أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ سنةَ خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ وأبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بنُ هَمّامِ بنِ نافِعٍ الحِميَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا داودُ ابنُ قَيسٍ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَسرُ عَظمِ المَيِّتِ كَكَسرِه حَيًّا\" (^٢).\n\n٧١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، [أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ سعيدٍ أخِى يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَ حَديثِ داودَ (^٤).\n\n٧١٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَسرُ عَظمِ المَيِّتِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٨٥)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٣٢، ٢٣٨.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٦٢٥٦)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٣٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦١٦) من طريق سعد بن سعيد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٤٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م. وفوقه في الأصل: صح.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٦٢٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٤٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"7","page":451},{"text":"كَكَسرِه حَيًّا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1584>بابُ مَن رأَى أن يُدفَنَ في أرضٍ مَملوكَةٍ بإِذنِ صاحِبِها</span>\n\n٧١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: رأَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَبلَ أن يُصابَ بأَيّامٍ في المَدينَةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في مَقتَلِه، وفيه أنَّه قال لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: انطَلِقْ إلَى عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ فقُلْ: يَقرأُ عَلَيكِ عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ السَّلامَ ولا تَقُلْ: أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ؛ فإِنِّى لَستُ اليَومَ لِلمُؤمِنينَ أميرًا، وقُلْ: يَستأذِنُ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أن يُدفَنَ مَعَ صاحِبَيه. قال: فسَلَّمَ فاستأَذَنَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيها فوَجَدَها قاعِدَةً تَبكِى، فقالَ: يَقرأُ عَلَيكِ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ السَّلامَ ويَستأذِنُ أن يُدفَنَ مَعَ صاحِبَيه. فقالَت: قَد كُنتُ أُريدُه لِنَفسِى ولأوثِرَنَّه اليَومَ على نَفسِى. قال: فجاءَ فلَمَّا أقبَلَ قيلَ: هَذا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ قَد جاءَ. قال: ارفَعونى. فأَسنَدَه رَجُلٌ إلَيه فقالَ: ما لَدَيكَ؟ قال: الَّذِى تُحِبُّ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، قَد أذِنَت. فقالَ: الحَمدُ للهِ، ما كان شَئٌ أهَمَّ إلَىَّ مِن ذَلِكَ المَضْطَجَعِ، فإِذا أنا قُبِضتُ فاحمِلونى، ثُمَّ سَلِّمْ فقُلْ: يَستأذِنُ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ. فإِن أذِنَت لَكَ فأَدخِلونى، وإِن رَدَّتنِى فرُدّونى إلَى مَقابِرِ المُسلِمينَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: فلَمّا قُبِضَ خَرَجْنا به فانطَلَقْنا نَمشِى فسَلَّمَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣١٦٧)، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٤/ ٤١١ من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠١: تفرد به الزبيرى هكذا.","vol":"7","page":452},{"text":"عُمَرَ وقالَ: يَستأذِنُ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ. قالَت: أدخِلوه. فأُدخِلَ فوُضِعَ هُناكَ مَعَ صاحِبَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1585>بابُ النَّصرانيَّةِ تَموتُ وفِى بَطنِها ولَدٌ مُسلِمٌ</span>\n\n٧١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ شَيخًا مِن أهلِ الشّامِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- دَفَنَ امرأَةً مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ في بَطنِها ولَدٌ مسلمٌ في مَقبُرَةِ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\n\n٧١٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ أنَّه دَفَنَ امرأَةً نَصرانيَّةً في بَطنِها ولَدٌ مسلمٌ في مَقبُرَةٍ لَيسَت بمَقبُرَةِ النَّصارَى ولا المُسلِمينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩١٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به. والبخارى (١٣٩٢) من طريق حصين به. وتقدم طرف منه في (٥٣٢٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٨٥، ١٠٢٤٠) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٥٨٦) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"7","page":453},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1586>جِماعُ أبوابِ التَّعزيَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1587>بابُ الجُلوسِ عِندَ المُصيبَةِ</span>\n\n٧١٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: أخبَرَتنِى عمرَةُ قالَت: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لَمّا جاءَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَتلُ ابنِ حارِثَةَ وجَعفَرٍ وابنِ رَواحَةَ -﵃- جَلَسَ يُعرَفُ فيه الحُزنُ، وأَنا أنظُرُ مِن صائرِ البابِ -وهو شَقُّ البابِ- فأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ نِساءَ جَعفَرٍ. فذكَرَ (^١) بُكاءَهُنَّ. فأَمَرَه أن يَنهاهُنَّ فذَهَبَ، ثُمَّ أتاه الثَّانيَةَ وقالَ: إنَّهُنَّ لَم يُطِعْنَه. فقالَ: \"انهَهُنَّ\". فأَتاه الثّالِثَةَ فقالَ: والله غَلَبنَنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. فزَعَمَت أنَّه قال: \"فاحثُ في أفواهِهِنَّ التُّرابَ\". فقُلتُ: أرغَمَ اللهُ أنفَكَ؛ لَم تَفعَلْ ما أمَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ولَم تَترُكْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ العَناءِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\n\n٧١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لما قُتِلَ زَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ وجَعفَرٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ -﵃- جَلَسَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في المَسجِدِ يُعرَفُ في وجهِه الحُزنُ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قد كثر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (١٣٠٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (٢٤٣١٣)، ومسلم (٩٣٥)، والنسائى (١٨٤٦)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٢٩٩)، ومسلم (٩٣٥).","vol":"7","page":454},{"text":"وذَكَرَ قِصَّته (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1588>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَعزيَةِ أهلِ المَيِّتِ رَجاءَ الأجرِ في تَعزيَتِهِم</span>\n\n٧١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى قَيسٌ أبو عُمارَةَ مَولَى سَودَةَ بنتِ سَعدٍ مَولاةِ بَنِى ساعِدَةَ مِنَ الأنصارِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو يقولُ: \"مَن عادَ مَريضًا فلا يَزالُ في الرَّحمَةِ حَتَّى إذا قَعَدَ عِندَه استَنقَعَ فيها، ثُمَّ إذا قامَ مِن عِندِه فلا يَزالُ يَخوضُ فيها حَتَّى يَرجِعَ مِن حَيثُ خَرَجَ، ومَن عَزَّى أخاه المُؤمِنَ مِن مُصِيبتِه (^٢) كَساه اللهُ ﷿ حُلَلَ الكَرامَةِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧١٦٩ - حدثنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ العَلَوىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ [محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ] (^٤) الأدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ ناصِحٍ النَّحوىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُوقَةَ، عن إبْراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن عَزَّى مُصابًا فلَه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٢٢).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مصيبة\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٧٩)، ويعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٣١. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٠١) من طريق خالد بن مخلد عن قيس به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٣: تابعه خالد بن مخلد عن قيس هذا، وليس بحجة، وأبو بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم لم يلحق جده، فهو منقطع.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"جعفر بن محمد\". وينظر لسان الميزان ٥/ ٣٩.","vol":"7","page":455},{"text":"مِثلُ أجرِه\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، وهو أحَدُ ما أُنكِرَ عَلَيه (^٢)، وقَد روىَ أيضًا عن غَيرِه (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ أبو حاتِمٍ وكانَ يَنزِلُ مَكَّةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قِصَّةِ رَجُلٍ له بُنَىٌّ صَغيرٌ يأتيانِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وأَنَّ بُنَيَّه هَلَكَ فمَنَعَه الحُزنُ عَلَيه أن يَحضُرَ الحَلقَةَ فلَقيَه نَبِىُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- فسأَلَه عن بُنَيِّهِ (^٤) فأَخبَرَه أنَّه هَلَكَ قال: فعَزّاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يا فُلانُ أيُّما كان أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أن تُمَتَّعَ به عُمُرَكَ، أو لا تأتِىَ غَدًا بابًا مِن أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ إلّا وجَدتَه قَد سَبقَكَ إلَيه ففَتَحَه لَكَ؟ \". قال: فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ لا بَل يَسبِقُنِى إلَى أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ. قال: \"فذاكَ لَكَ\". قال: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ جَعَلَنِى اللهُ فِداءَكَ، أهَذا لِهَذا خاصَّةً أو مَن هَلَكَ له طِفلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ كان ذَلِكَ له؟ قال: \"لا بَل مَن هَلَكَ له طِفلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ كان ذَلِكَ له\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣٧٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٧٣)، وابن ماجه (١٦٠٢) من طريق على بن عاصم به، وقال الترمذى: غريب لا نعرفه مرفوعا إلا من حديث على بن عاصم ... ويقال: أكثر ما ابتلى به على بن عاصم بهذا الحديث، نقموا عليه.\n(^٢) هو على بن عاصم بن صهيب الواسطى. بنظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٩٠، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٥٠٤، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٢٤٩. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٩: صدوق يخطئ ويصر، ورمى بالتشيع.\n(^٣) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (١١٢٠) من طريق عبد الحكيم بن منصور عن محمد بن سوقة به. وينظر: شعب الإيمان للمصنف ٧/ ١٣.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"ابنه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٢٠٨٧) من طريق خالد بن ميسرة به، دون قول الأنصارى. وأحمد (١٥٥٩٥)،=","vol":"7","page":456},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1589>بابُ ما يقولُ في التَّعزيَةِ مِنَ التَّرَحُّمِ على المَيِّتِ والدُّعاءِ له ولمَن خَلَّفَ</span>\n\n٧١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أخبرَنِى رَبيعَةُ بنُ سَيفٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحْمنِ الحُبُلِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قَبَرنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا فلَمّا رَجَعنا وحاذَينا بابَه إذا هو بامرأَةٍ مُقبِلَةٍ لا نَظُنُّه عَرَفَها فقالَ: \"يا فاطِمَةُ مِن أينَ جِئتِ؟ \". قالَت: جِئتُ مِن أهلِ هَذا البَيتِ رَحَّمْتُ إلَيهِم مَيِّتَهُم وعَزَّيتُهُم. قال: \"فلَعَلَّكِ بَلَغتِ مَعَهُمُ الكُدَى؟ \". قالَت: مَعاذَ اللهِ أن أبلُغَ مَعَهُمُ الكُدَى وقَد سَمِعتُكَ تَذكُرُ فيه ما تَذكُرُ. قال: \"لَو بَلَغتِ مَعَهُمُ الكُدَى ما رأَيتِ (^١) الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَراها جَدُّ أبيكِ\" (^٢). والكُدَى المَقابِرُ.\n\n٧١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: لَمّا توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وجاءَتِ التَّعزيَةُ سَمِعوا قائلًا يقولُ: إنَّ في اللهِ عَزاءً مِن\n_________\n= والنسائى (١٨٦٩) مختصرًا من طريق معاوية بن قرة به.\n(^١) بعده في م: \"باب\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٧٤)، وأبو داود (٣١٢٣)، والنسائى (١٨٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣١٧٧) من طريق ربيعة بن سيف به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٣، ١٤٠٤: مع نظافة سنده من مناكير ربيعة، قال البخارى: وابن يونس عنده مناكير.","vol":"7","page":457},{"text":"كُلِّ مُصيبَةٍ، وخَلَفًا مِن كُلِّ هالِكٍ، ودَرَكًا مِن كُلِّ ما فاتَ، فبِالله فثِقُوا، وإيّاه فارجوا، فإِنَّ المُصابَ مَن حُرِمَ الثَّوابَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوىَ مَعناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جَعفَرٍ عن أبيه عن جابِرٍ (^٢)، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٣). وفِى أسانيدِه ضَعفٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧١٧٣ - أخبرَنا هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ زائدَةَ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ أبى عائشةَ، عن أبى خالِدٍ يَعنِى الوالِبِىَّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عَزَّى رَجُلًا فقالَ: \"يَرحَمُكَ اللهُ ويأْجُرُكَ\" (^٤). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1590>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن مَسحِ رأسِ اليَتيمِ وإكرامِهِ</span>\n\n٧١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ تَميمٍ الحَنظَلِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنى جَعفَرُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ سارَةَ، وقَد حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عنه قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ قال: لَو رأَيتَنِى وقُثَمَ وعُبَيدَ اللهِ ابنَىِ (^٥) العباسِ نَلعَبُ، إذ مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على دابَّةٍ فقالَ: \"احمِلوا هَذا إلَىَّ\". فجَعَلَنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٨٨)، والدلائل ٧/ ٢٦٨، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٨. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٤: مرسل، والقاسم كذبه أحمد بن حنبل.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٥٨، والمصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٦٩ من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٥٨، والمصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢١٨٧) من طريق أبى خالد به، وفيه: \"يرحمه الله\".\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"ابن\".","vol":"7","page":458},{"text":"أمامَه، ثُمَّ قال لِقُثَمَ: \"احمِلوا هَذا إلَىَّ\". فجَعَلَه وراءَه، ما استَحيَا مِن عَمِّه العباسِ أن حَمَلَ قُثَمَ وتَرَكَ عُبَيدَ اللهِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ برأسِى ثَلاثًا كُلَّما مَسَحَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أخلِفْ جَعفَرًا في ولَدِه\". قُلتُ لِعَبدِ الله بنِ جَعفَرٍ: ما فعَلَ قُثَمُ؟ قال: استُشهِدَ. قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ: اللهُ ورسولُه كان أعلَمَ بالخيَرَةِ. قال: أجَلْ (^١).\n\n٧١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى سعيدِ بنِ سَختُويَه الإسفَرايينِىُّ (^٢) بمَكَّةَ وكَتَبَه لِى بخَطِّه، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ كَيسانَ النَّحوىُّ ببَغدادَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٣)، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا شَكا إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَسوَةَ قَلبِه فقالَ: \"إن أرَدتَ أن يَلينَ قَلبُكَ فأَطعِمِ المَساكينَ، وامسَحْ رأسَ اليَتيمِ\" (^٤).\n\n٧١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعٍ، أنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ -﵁- كَتَبَ إلَى سَلمانَ أنَّ رَجُلًا شَكا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَسوَةَ قَلبِه فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن أرَدتَ أن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٢، وفيه: عبد الله بن محمد الرقاشى. بدلًا من: عبد الملك. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٤: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) حدث عن أبى الهيثم بمكة، حدث عنه المصنف وأبو صالح الحافظ المؤذن، قال عبد الغافر: العدل الثقة. المنتخب (٧٥).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"زيد\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٧٦) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"7","page":459},{"text":"يَلينَ قَلبُكَ فامسَحْ رأسَ اليتيمِ وأَطعِمْه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1591>بابٌ: مِمَّا (^٢) يُهَيّأُ لأهلِ المَيِّتِ مِنَ الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n٧١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"اصنَعوا لآلِ جَعفَرٍ طَعامًا فقَد أتاهُنَّ ما يَشغَلُهُنَّ\". أو: \"أتاهُم ما يَشغَلُهُم\" (^٣). جَعفَرٌ هَذا هو ابنُ خالِدِ ابنِ سارَةَ مَخزومِىٌّ.\n\n٧١٧٨ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ خالِدِ بنِ سارَةَ المَخزومِىُّ، أخبرَنى أبى، وكانَ صَديقًا لِعَبدِ الله بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ قال: لَمّا نُعِى جَعفَرٌ قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اصنَعوا لآلِ جَعفَرٍ طَعامًا فقَد أتاهُم أمرٌ يَشغَلُهُم\" (^٤).\n\n٧١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٣٥). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ١٥٣ من طريق محمد بن واسع به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٤: هو منقطع.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا في الأصل\". وفى الحاشية: \"لعله فيما\". وفى س، م: \"ما\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥١)، وأبو داود (٣١٣٢)، والترمذى (٩٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٦١٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٢، والحميدى (٥٣٧).","vol":"7","page":460},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها كانَت إذا ماتَ مَيِّتٌ مِن أهلِها، فاجتَمَعَ لِذَلِكَ النِّساءُ ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقنَ إلَّا (^١) أهلَها وحامَّتَها (^٢)، أمَرَت ببُرمَةٍ مِن تَلبينَةٍ (^٣) فطُبِخَت، وصنَعَت ثَريدًا، ثُمَّ صَبَّتِ التَّلبينَةَ عَلَيه ثُمَّ قالَت: كُلوا مِنها؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"التَّلبينَة مَجَمَّةٌ لِفُؤادِ المَريضِ، تَذهَبُ ببَعضِ الحُزنِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1592>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِوَلىِّ المَيِّتِ مِنَ الابتِداءِ بقَضاءِ دَينِهِ</span>\n\n٧١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَزالُ نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةً بدَينِه حَتَّى يُقضَى عنه\" (^٦). كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سَعدٍ.\n\n٧١٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) حامَّة الإنسان: خاصة أهله. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٥٧٩.\n(^٣) التلبينة: حساء يعمل من دقيق أو نخالة أو نشا. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٦٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥١٢)، والنسائى (٦٦٩٣) من طريق الليث به. والبخارى (٥٦٨٩)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٧٢) من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٤١٧)، ومسلم (٢٢١٦).\n(^٦) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٥٩٩)، والترمذى (١٠٧٨) من طريق زكريا به.","vol":"7","page":461},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا الفَضلُ يَعنِى ابنَ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ ابنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعلَّقَةٌ ما كان عَلَيه دَينٌ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ (^٢) وإبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن سَعدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1593>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِوَلىِّ المَيِّتِ مِنَ التَّعجيلِ بتَنفيذِ وصاياه بالصَّدَقَةِ وغَيرِها</span>\n\n٧١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿أَلْهَاكُمُ التَّكَاثُرُ﴾ [التكاثر: ١] قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يقولُ ابنُ آدَمَ: مالِى مالِى. وهَل لَكَ مِن مالكَ إلَّا ما أكَلتَ فأَفنَيتَ، أو لَبِستَ فأَبلَيتَ، أو تَصَدَّقتَ فأَمضَيتَ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٧١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٥٦) عن أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٢) حديث شعبة لأبى الحسين البغدادى (١٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٣)، وأبو يعلى (٦٠٢٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن، وهو أصح من الأول.\n(^٤) المصنف في الزهد الكبير (٢٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٠٦)، والترمذى (٢٣٤٢، ٣٣٥٤)، والنسائى (٣٦١٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٩٥٨).","vol":"7","page":462},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا عيّاشُ بنُ أبى شَملَةَ (^١)، عن موسَى بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن أَسِيدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى أُسَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: كُنتُ أصغَرَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَكثَرَهُمُ مِنه سَماعًا قال: فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"لا يَبقَى لِلوَلَدِ مِن برِّ الوالِدِ إلَّا أربَعٌ؛ الصَّلاةُ عَلَيه والدُّعاءُ له، وإِنفاذُ عَهدِه مِن بَعدِه، وصِلَةُ رَحِمِه، وإِكرامُ صَديقِه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1594>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِوَلىِّ المَيِّتِ مِنَ التَّصَدُّقِ عنه وإن لَم يوصِ بهِ</span>\n\n٧١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ حَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إنَّ أُمِّى افتُلِتَت نَفسُها (^٣) وأَظُنُّها لَو تَكَلَّمَت تَصَدَّقَت، فهَل لَها أجرٌ إن تَصَدَّقتُ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَمْ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"سلمة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٧٨، والجامع لأخلاق الراوى (١٦٢٢) من طريق أبى الحسين القطان به.\n(^٣) افتلتت نفسها: ماتت فجأة ولم تمرض فتوصى. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢٣١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٥١)، والبخارى (٢٧٦٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٨١)، والنسائى (٣٦٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٩٩)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٣٨٨)، ومسلم (١٠٠٤).","vol":"7","page":463},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1595>جِماعُ أبوابِ البُكاءِ على المَيِّتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1596>بابُ النَّهىِ عن النّياحَةِ على المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n٧١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: بايَعَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَرأَ عَلَينا: ﴿أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٢]. ونَهانا عن النّياحَةِ فقَبَضَتِ امرأَةٌ يَدَها قالَت: أسعَدَتنِى (^١) فُلانَةُ، أُريدُ أن أَجزيَها. فما قال لَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- شَيئًا، فانطَلَقَت فرَجَعَت فبايَعَها (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" بهَذا اللَّفظِ عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٣).\n\n٧١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: بايَعَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا تُشرِكنَ بالله شَيئًا\". ونَهانا عن النّياحَةِ فقَبَضَتِ امرأَةٌ يَدَها فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ فُلانَةَ أسعَدَتنِى وأَنا أُريدُ أن أجزيَها. فلَم يَقُلْ شَيئًا، فذَهَبَت ثُمَّ رَجَعَت، يَعنِى فبايَعَها. قالَت: فما وفَت مِنّا امرأَةٌ إلَّا أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ وأُمُّ العَلاءِ وابنَةُ أبى سَبرَةَ امرأَةُ مُعاذٍ. أو: ابنَةُ أبى سَبرَةَ وامرأَةُ مُعاذٍ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ هَكَذا ولَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) الإسعاد: قيام المرأة مع الأخرى في النياحة تراسلها. فتح البارى ٨/ ٦٣٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٥/ ٥٨ (١٣٣) عن أبى خليفة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٨٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣١٢٧) عن مسدد به مختصرًا.","vol":"7","page":464},{"text":"فيه أنَّه استَثنَى لَها ما أرادَت، بَل فيه أنَّه لَم يُجِبْها إلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى رَجَعَت فبايَعَها (^١).\n\n٧١٨٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ -﵂- قالَت: لَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ﴾. قالَت: مِنها النّياحَةُ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إلَّا بَنِى فُلانٍ، فإِنَّهُم كانوا أسعَدونى في الجاهِليَّةِ فلا بُدَّ مِن أن أُساعِدَهُم. فقالَ: \"إلَّا بَنِى فُلانٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\nكَذَلِكَ رَواه عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلُ عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، ولا أدرِى هَل حَفِظَ ما رَوَى فيه مِنَ الإذنِ في الإسعادِ أم لا؟ فقَد رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانىُّ وهو أحفَظُ مِنه على ما ذَكَرنا، ورَواه هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن حَفصَةَ فلَم يَذكُرْ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٧١٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٢١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٥٨٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٣٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩١، ٢٠٧٩٨)، ومسلم (٩٣٦/ ٣٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"7","page":465},{"text":"حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدٍ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: أخَذَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ البَيعَةِ أن لا نَنوحَ، فما وفَت مِنّا امرأَةٌ إلَّا خَمسُ نِسوَةٍ؛ أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ وأُمُّ العَلاءِ وابنَةُ أبى سَبرَةَ امرأَةُ مُعاذٍ. أو: ابنَةُ (^١) أبى سَبرَةَ وامرأَةُ مُعاذٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَجَبِىِّ عن حَمّادٍ وقالَ في الحديث: وامرأَتانِ أو امرأَةٍ أُخرَى. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٣). ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ أيضًا ما في رِوايَةِ عاصِمٍ عن حَفصَةَ مِنَ الاستِثناءِ.\n\n٧١٨٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ أحمدَ الزَّوزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أخَذَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- على النِّساءِ حينَ بايَعَهُنَّ ألا يَنُحْنَ، فقُلنَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ نِساءً أسعَدْنَنا في الجاهِليَّةِ، أفَنُسعِدُهُنَّ في الاسلامِ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا إسعادَ في الإِسلامِ\" (^٤).\n\n٧١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"امرأة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٤١٩١) من طريق أبى الربيع به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٠٦)، ومسلم (٩٣٦/ ٣١). وقال القاضى: معناه: لم يف ممن بايع مع أم عطية في الوقت الذى بايعت فيه من النسوة إلا خمس، لا أنه لم يترك النياحة من المسلمات غير خمس. إكمال المعلم ٣/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٦٦٩٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٠٣٢)، والنسائى (١٨٥١)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٦). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (١٧٤٨).","vol":"7","page":466},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ وإِسحاقُ ابنُ موسَى الأنصارِىُّ - قال: إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ الآخَرانِ: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: قالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: لَمّا ماتَ أبو سلمةَ -﵁- قُلتُ: غَريبٌ وفِى أرضِ غُربَةٍ لأبكيَنَّ عَلَيه بُكاءً يُتَحَدَّثُ به. قالَت: فلَمّا تَهَيّأتُ لِلبُكاءِ عَلَيه إذا امرأَةٌ تُريدُ أن تأتيَنِى، فاستَقبَلَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أتُريدينَ أن تُدخِلِى الشَّيطانَ بَيتًا قَد أخرَجَه اللهُ مِنه؟! \". قالَت: فكَفَفتُ عن البُكاءِ عَنه. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ: لأبكيَنَّه بُكاءً يُتَحَدَّثُ عنه، فبَينا أنا كَذَلِكَ قَد تَهَيّأتُ لِلبُكاءِ عَلَيه، إذ أتَتِ امرأَةٌ تُريدُ أن تُسعِدَنِى مِنَ الصَّعيدِ (^١) فاستَقبَلَها. فذَكَرَه، [وقال] (^٢): فكَفَفتُ عن البُكاءِ فلَم أبكِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nوهَذا في بُكاءٍ يَكونُ مَعَه نَدبٌ أو نياحَةٌ، وهَكَذا ما رُوّينا فيما مَضَى عن عائشةَ مِن بُكاءِ نِساءِ جَعفَرٍ عَلَيه ونَهىِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الصعيد: عوالى المدينة، وأصل الصعيد ما كان على وجه الأرض. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٦/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) في م: \"قالت\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٩٢)، وابن راهويه في مسنده (١٨٦٦). وأخرجه الحميدى (٢٩١)، وأبو يعلى (٦٩٥٥) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٢٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧١٦٦).","vol":"7","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1597>بابُ ما ورَدَ مِنَ التَّغليظِ في النّياحَةِ والاستِماعِ لَها</span>\n\n٧١٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ دَنُوقَا، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبانٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شِيرُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَبّانُ ابنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنَّ زَيدًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا سَلَّامٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا مالكٍ الأشعَرِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أربَعٌ في أُمَّتِى مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ لا يَترُكوهُنَّ؛ الفَخرُ في الأحسابِ، والطَّعنُ في الأنسابِ، والاستِسقاءُ بالنُّجومِ، والنّياحَةُ. وإنَّ النّائحَةَ إذا لَم تَثُبْ قَبلَ مَوتِها تُقامُ يَومَ القيامَةِ وعَلَيها سِربالٌ مِن قَطِرانٍ ودِرعٌ مِن جَرَبٍ! \". لَفظُ حَديثِ حَبّانَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ، وعن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن حَبّانَ (^٢).\n\n٧١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثِنْتانِ في النّاسِ وهُما بهِم كُفرٌ؛ النّياحَةُ، والطَّعنُ في النَّسَبِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩١٢) عن عفان به. وأحمد (٢٢٩٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٣) من طريق أبان به. وأحمد (٢٢٩٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٠٥) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"7","page":468},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^١).\n\n٧١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: خِلالٌ مِن خِلالِ الجاهِليَّةِ؛ الطَّعنُ في الأنسابِ، والنّياحَةُ. ونَسِىَ الثّالِثَةَ. قال سفيانُ: يَقولونَ: إنَّها الاستِسقاءُ بالأنواءِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٧١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّائحَةَ والمُستَمِعَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧١٩٥ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطّيبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو عائذٍ وهو عُفَيرُ بنُ مَعدانَ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، أنَّه كان عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ وهو يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَعَنَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ٣٧٢ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. والمصنف في الآداب (٥٥٦) من طريق سعدان بن نصر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٥٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣١٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦٢٢) عن محمد بن ربيعة به. وقال الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٨٥): ضعيف الإسناد.","vol":"7","page":469},{"text":"النّائحَةَ والمُستَمِعَةَ والحالِقَةَ والسّالِقَةَ والواشِمَةَ والموتَشِمَةَ (^١). وقالَ: \"لَيس لِلنِّساءِ في اتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ أجرٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1598>بابُ ما يُنهَى عنه مِنَ الدُّعاءِ بدَعوَى الجاهِليَّةِ، وضَربِ الخَدِّ، وشَقِّ الجَيبِ، ونَشرِ الشَّعَرِ، والحَلقِ، والخَرقِ، والخَدشِ</span>\n\n٧١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ مِنّا من ضَرَبَ الخُدودَ وشَقَّ الجُيوبَ ودَعا بدَعوَى الجاهِليَّةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو ذَرِّ ابنُ أبى الحُسَينِ ابنِ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحالقة: من تحلق شعرها عند المصيبة إذا حلت بها، والسالقة: السلْق، ويقال بالصاد، رفع الصوت عند المصيبة. وقيل: هو أن تصك المرأة وجهها وتمرشه. والأول أصح، والواشمة مِن الوشم: أن يغرز الجلد بإبرة ثم يحشى بكحل أو نيل فيزرق أثره أو يخضر. والمستوشمة والموتشمة: التى يفعل بها ذلك. النهاية ١/ ٤٢٧، ٣/ ٣٩١، ٥/ ١٨٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطرسوسى في مسند عبد الله بن عمر (٢٠)، وابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ١٩٨ من طريق عفير بن معدان به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٨: عفير واه.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٨٦).","vol":"7","page":470},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن سُفيانَ وحدَه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n٧١٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ [قال: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ] (^٣) قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَطَمَ الخُدودَ وشَقَّ الجُيوبَ ودَعا بدَعوَى الجاهِليّةِ\". لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n٧١٩٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو العُمَيسِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صَخرَةَ يَذكُرُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ وأَبِى بُردَةَ ابنِ أبى موسَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤١١١)، والنسائى (١٨٥٩)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٩٧)، ومسلم (١٠٣/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"عن عبد الله\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٥٨)، والترمذى (٩٩٩)، والنسائى (١٨٦١)، وابن ماجه (١٥٨٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٩٤).","vol":"7","page":471},{"text":"قالا: أُغمِىَ على أبى موسَى فأقبَلَتِ امرأَتُه تَصيحُ برَنَّةٍ (^١). قالا (^٢): ثُمَّ أفاقَ فقالَ: ألَم تَعلَمِى أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنِّى بَرِئٌ مِمَّن حَلَقَ وسَلَقَ وخَرَقَ\"؟ (^٣) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ وغَيرِه عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى بُردَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ مُخَيمِرَةَ حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ أبى موسَى قال: وجِعَ أبو موسَى وجَعًا فغُشِىَ عَلَيه ورأسُه في حَجرِ امرأَةٍ مِن أهلِه فصاحَتِ امرأَةٌ مِن أهلِه فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يَرُدَّ عَلَيها، فلَمّا أفاقَ قال: أنا بَرِئٌ مِمَّن بَرِئَ مِنه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَرِئَ مِنَ الصّالِقَةِ (^٥) والحالِقَةِ والشّاقَّةِ (^٦). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى (^٧).\n\n٧٢٠١ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ ﵀\n_________\n(^١) الرنة: الصوت عند البكاء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٦٢)، وابن ماجه (١٥٨٦) من طريق جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٤/ ...)، والبخارى (١٢٩٦).\n(^٥) في م: \"السالقة\".\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (١٠٤/ ١٦٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٥٢) من طريق الحكم بن موسى به.\n(^٧) البخارى (١٢٩٦) معلقًا.","vol":"7","page":472},{"text":"إملاءً وقِراءَةً عَلَيه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ ابنِ الخَليلِ القَطّانُ سنةَ إحدَى وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ النَّسَوىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، أنَّ أبا موسَى أُغمِىَ عَلَيه فبَكَت عَلَيه امرأَتُه ابنَةُ أبى مُرَّةَ فأَفاقَ فقالَ: أبرأُ إلَيكِ مِمّا بَرِئَ مِنه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ مِمَّن حَلَقَ وسَلَقَ وخَرَقَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَسَن الحُلوانىُّ عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ عامِلُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ على الرَّبَذَةِ قال: حَدَّثَنى أَسِيدُ بنُ أبى أَسِيدٍ، عن امرأَةٍ مِنَ المُبايِعاتِ قالَت: كان فيما أخَذَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في المَعروفِ الَّذِى أخَذَ عَلَينا ألا نَعصيَه فيه، ألا نَخمِشَ وجهًا، ولا نَدعوَ ويلًا، ولا نَشُقَّ جَيبًا، ولا نَنشُرَ شَعَرًا (^٣).\n\n٧٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضيلٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: أُغمِىَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ -﵁- فجَعَلَت أُختُه تَبكِى عَلَيه وتَقولُ: واجَبَلاه. وتُعَدِّدُ، فلَمّا أفاقَ قال: ما قُلتِ لِى شَيئًا إلَّا وقَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٦٠٧) عن محمد بن الحسين القطان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٤/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣١٣١). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٠٩: حميد مختلف في توثيقه.","vol":"7","page":473},{"text":"قيلَ لِى: آنتَ كَذَلِكَ؟ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عِمرانَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن ابنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢). ورَواه عَبثَرٌ عن حُصَينٍ، وزادَ: فلَمّا ماتَ لَم تَبكِ عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن تُتبَعَ جِنازَةٌ مَعَها رَنَّةٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1599>بابُ الرَّغبَةِ في أنْ يُتَعَزَّى بما أمَرَ اللهُ تَعالَى به مِنَ الصَّبِر والاسترجاعِ</span>\n\n٧٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا حَضَرتُمُ المَيِّتَ أو المَريضَ فقولوا خَيرًا؛ فإنَّ المَلائكَةَ يُؤَمِّنونَ على ما تَقولونَ\". فلَمّا ماتَ أبو سلمةَ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما أقولُ؟ قال: \"قولِى: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لَنا ولَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٥٢٩ عن محمد بن فضيل به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٤٢٦٨) من طريق عبثر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٨٣) من طريق عبيد الله به. وأحمد (٥٦٦٨) من طريق مجاهد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤١٠: أبو يحيى ضعف، وعند ابن ماجه: \"راية\" اهـ. قلت: عند ابن ماجه: \"رانة\". بالنون لا بالياء.","vol":"7","page":474},{"text":"وأَعْقِبْنَا مِنه عُقبَى صالِحَةً\". فقُلتُها، فأَعقَبَنِى اللهُ محمدًا -ﷺ- (^١). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ أفلَحَ، عن ابنِ سَفينَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ أنَّها قالَت: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ تُصيبُه مُصيبَةٌ فيقولُ ما أمَرَه اللهُ ﷿: إنّا للهِ وإنّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِى في مُصيبَتِى وأَخلِفْ لِى خَيرًا مِنها. إلَّا أخلَفَ اللهُ ﷿ له خَيرًا مِنها\". قالَت: فلَمّا ماتَ أبو سلمةَ قُلتُ: أىُّ المُسلِمينَ خَيرٌ مِن أبى سلمةَ؟ أوَّلُ بَيتٍ هاجَرَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-! ثُمَّ إنِّى قُلتُها، فأَخلَفَ اللهُ ﷿ لِى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قالَت: فأَرسَلَ إلَىَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حاطِبَ بنَ أبى بَلتَعَةَ يَخطُبُنِى له، فقُلتُ: إنَّ لى بنتًا وأَنا غَيُورٌ. فقالَ: \"أمّا ابنَتُها فنَدعو اللهَ ﷿ أن يُغنيَها، وأَدعو اللهَ أن يُذهِبَ الغَيرَةَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحيرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٠٨) عن ابن نمير به. وتقدم في (٦٦٧٥، ٦٦٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩١٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (١٠٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٣٥)، ومسلم (٩١٨/ ٤) من طريق سعد بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩١٨/ ٣).","vol":"7","page":475},{"text":"عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: نِعمَ العِدلانِ ونِعمَ العِلاوَةُ (^١) ﴿الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (١٥٦) أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾. نِعمَ العِدلانِ ﴿وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٦، ١٥٧]. نِعمَ العِلاوَةُ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بامرأَةٍ عِندَ قَبرٍ وهِىَ تَبكِى فقالَ لَها: \"اتَّقِى اللهَ واصبِرِى\". فقالَت: إلَيكَ عَنِّى، فإِنَّكَ لَم تُصَبْ بمُصيبَتِى. قال: ولَم تَعرِفْه. فقيلَ لَها: هو رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأَخَذَها مِثلُ المَوتِ فأَتَت بابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فلَم تَجِدْ عِندَه بَوّابينَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى لَم أعرِفْكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الصَّبرَ عِندَ أوَّلِ الصَّدمَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤). وقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحديثِ: \"الصَّبرُ عِندَ الصَّدمَةِ الأولَى\":\n\n٧٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) العدلان: مثنى عِدْل، وهو نصف الحمل على أحد شقى الدابة. والحمل عدلان. والعلاوة ما جعل بين العدلين. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٥٨٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٣٣ - تفسير) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٥٨)، والبخارى (٧١٥٤)، وأبو داود (٣١٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٨٩٥) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٢٨٣)، ومسلم (٩٢٦/ ٥).","vol":"7","page":476},{"text":"حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الصَّبرُ عِندَ الصَّدمَةِ الأولَى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلُ، عن أبى عثمانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: أرسَلَتِ ابنَةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إنَّ ابنِى قُبِضَ فأْتِنا، فأَرسَلَ يُقرِئُ السَّلامَ ويَقولُ: \"إنَّ للهِ ما أخَذَ ولَه ما أعطَى وكُلٌّ عِندَه بأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فلتَصبِرْ ولتَحتَسِبْ\". فأَرسَلَت إلَيه تُقسِمُ لَيأْتيَنَّها، فقامَ ومَعَه سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ ورَجُلٌ، فدُفِعَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الصَّبِىُّ ونَفسُه تَقَعقَعُ (^٣)، حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: كأَنَّها شَنٌّ. ففاضَت عَيناه، فقالَ سَعدٌ -﵁-: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما هَذا؟ قال: \"هذه رَحمَةٌ جَعَلَها اللهُ في قُلوبِ عِبادِه، وإِنَّما يَرحَمُ اللهُ مِن عِبادِه الرُّحَماءَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن عاصِمٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٩٨٨) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١٢٣١٧)، والنسائى (١٨٦٨) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٠٢)، ومسلم (٩٢٦/ ١٤).\n(^٣) القعقعة: حكاية صوت الشئ اليابس إذا حرك. فتح البارى ٣/ ١٥٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (١٠٦٥). وأخرجه النسائى (١٨٦٧) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. وأحمد (٢١٧٧٩)، والبخارى (٥٦٥٥)، وأبو داود (٣١٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٥٨٨) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٨٤)، ومسلم (٩٢٣).","vol":"7","page":477},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، كُلُّهُمُ عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ. قالَ أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَناه شَيخٌ سَمِعَه مِنَ النَّضْرِ بنِ أنَسٍ وقَد دَخَلَ حَديثُ بَعضِهِم في بَعضٍ قال: قال مالكٌ أبو أنَسٍ لامرأَتِه أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ وهِىَ أُمُّ أنَسٍ: أرَى هَذا الرَّجُلَ يَعنِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يُحَرِّمُ الخَمرَ. فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى أتَى الشّامَ فهَلَكَ هُنالِكَ، فجاءَ أبو طَلحَةَ فخَطَبَ أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ فكَلَّمَها في ذَلِكَ فقالَت: يا أبا طَلحَةَ ما مِثلُكَ يُرَدُّ، ولَكِنَّكَ امرُؤٌ كافِرٌ وأَنا امرأَةٌ مُسلِمَةٌ، لا يَصلُحُ أن أتَزَوَّجَكَ. فقالَ: وما ذاكِ دَهرُكِ (^١). قالَت: وما دَهرِى؟ قال: الصَّفراءُ والبيضاءُ. قالَت: فإِنِّى لا أُريدُ صَفراءَ ولا بَيضاءَ، أُريدُ مِنكَ الإسلامَ. قال: فمَن لى بذَلِك؟ قالَت: لَكَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فانطَلَقَ أبو طَلحَةَ يُريدُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ في أصحابِه فلَمّا رآه قال: \"جاءَكُم أبو طَلحَةَ غُرَّةُ الإِسلامِ بَينَ عَينَيه\". فجاءَ فأَخبَرَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بما قالَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ، فتَزَوَّجَها على ذَلِكَ. قال ثابِتٌ: فما بَلَغَنا أنَّ مَهرًا كان أعظَمَ مِنه أنَّها رَضيَت بالإسلامِ مَهرًا، فتَزَوَّجَها، وكانَتِ امرأَةً مَليحَةَ العَينَينِ فيها صِغَرٌ، فكانَت مَعَه حَتَّى وُلِدَ مِنه بُنَىٌّ، وكانَ يُحِبُّه أبو طَلحَةَ حُبًّا شَديدًا، إذ مَرِضَ الصَّبىُّ وتَواضَعَ أبو طَلحَةَ لِمَرَضِه أو تَضَعضَعَ له، فانطَلَقَ أبو طَلحَةَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وماتَ الصَّبِىُّ، فقالَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ -﵂-: لا يَنْعَيَنَّ إلَى أبى طَلحَةَ أحَدٌ ابنَه حَتَّى أكونَ أنا أنعاه له. فهَيّأتِ الصَّبِىَّ ووَضَعَته وجاءَ أبو طَلحَةَ مِن عِندِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيها، فقالَ: كَيفَ ابنى؟ فقالَت: يا أبا طَلحَةَ\n_________\n(^١) يقال: ما ذاك دهرى، وما دهرى بكذا. أى: همتى وإرادتى. النهاية ٢/ ١٤٥.","vol":"7","page":478},{"text":"ما كان مُنذُ اشتَكَى أسكَنَ مِنه السّاعَةَ. قال: فللَّهِ الحَمدُ. فأَتَته بعَشائِه فأَصابَ مِنه، ثُمَّ قامَت فتَطيَّبَت وتَعَرَّضَت له فأَصابَ مِنها، فلَمّا عَلِمَت أنَّه طَعِمَ وأَصابَ مِنها قالَت: يا أبا طَلحَةَ، أرأَيتَ لَو أنَّ قَومًا أعاروا قَومًا عاريَّةً لَهُم فسأَلوهُم إيَّاها، أكانَ لَهُم أن يَمنَعوهُم؟ فقالَ: لا. قالَت: فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ كان أعارَكَ ابنَكَ عاريَّةً ثُمَّ قَبَضَه إلَيه، فاحتَسِبِ ابنَكَ واصبِرْ. فغَضِبَ، ثُمَّ قال: تَرَكتينِى حَتَّى إذا وقَعتُ بما وقَعتُ به نَعَيتِ إلَىَّ ابنِى! ثُمَّ غَدا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"بارَكَ اللهُ لَكُما في غابِرِ لَيلَتِكُما\". فَتَلَقَّت مِن ذَلِكَ الحَملَ، وكانَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ -﵂- تُسافِرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَخرُجُ مَعَه إذا خَرَجَ، وتَدخُلُ مَعَه إذا دَخَلَ، وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ولَدَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ فأْتونى بالصَّبِىِّ\". فأَخَذَها الطَّلقُ لَيلَةَ قُربِهِم مِنَ المَدينَةِ قالَت: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى كُنتُ أدخُلُ إذا دَخَلَ نَبيُّكَ وأَخرُجُ إذا خَرَجَ نَبيُّكَ وقَد حَضَرَ هَذا الأمرُ. فوَلَدَت غُلامًا يَعنى حينَ قَدِما المَدينَةَ، فقالَت لابنِها أنَسٍ: انطَلِقْ بالصَّبِىِّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأَخَذَ أنَسٌ الصَّبِىَّ فانطَلَقَ به إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وهو يَسِمُ إبِلًا وغَنَمًا فلَمّا نَظَرَ إلَيه قال لأنَسٍ: \"أوَلَدَتِ ابنَةُ مِلحانَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأَلقَى ما في يَدِه فتَناوَلَ الصَّبِىَّ فقالَ: \"ائْتونِى بتَمَراتٍ عَجوَةٍ\". فأَخَذَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- التَّمرَ فجَعَلَ يُحَنِّكُ الصَّبِىُّ وجَعَلَ الصَّبِىُّ يَتَلَمَّظُ (^١) فقالَ: \"انظُروا إلَى حُبِّ الأنصارِ التَّمرَ\". فحَنَّكَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وسَمّاه عبدَ اللهِ، قال ثابِتٌ: وكانَ يُعَدُّ مِن خيارِ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) التملظ: تتبع بقية الطعام باللسان في الفم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٨.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢١٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٢٦) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وأحمد =","vol":"7","page":479},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن ثابِتٍ، قِصَّةَ الوَفاةِ دونَ ما قَبلَها مِن قِصَّةِ التَّزويجِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ إسحاقَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ عن أنَسٍ مُختَصَرًا (^١).\n\n٧٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ أبو جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ التاجِرُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَيّاشُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عَيّاشُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان بمَكَةَ مُقعَدانِ وكانَ لَهُما ابنٌ يَحمِلُهُما غُدوَةً ويأتِي بهِما المَسجَدَ فيَضَعُهُما فيه، ثُمَّ يَذهَبُ فيَكتسِبُ عَلَيهِما، فإِذا أمسَى احتَمَلَهُما فأَقلَبَهُما، ففَقَدَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسأَلَ عنه فقالوا: ماتَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"لَو تُرِكَ أحَدٌ لأحَدٍ لَتُرِكَ ابنُ المُقعَدَينِ\". ثُمَّ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَثيرًا يقولُ ذَلِكَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ داودَ (^٢).\n_________\n= (١٢٧٩٥، ١٤٠٦٥)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٦٨٩ (٢١٤٤/ ٢٢)، وأبو داود (٤٩٥١)، وابن حبان، (٤٥٣١) من طريق حماد به. والنسائى (٣٣٤١)، وابن حبان (٨١٨٧) من طريق جعفر به. وأتى به بعضهم مطولًا، وبعضهم مختصرًا.\n(^١) مسلم ٤/ ١٩٠٩ (٢١٤٤/ ١٠٧)، والبخارى (١٣٠١، ١٥٠٢).\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٩٥. وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٥٩٦٧) من طريق أبى كامل به. وأخرجه=","vol":"7","page":480},{"text":"٧٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الأسَدِىُّ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانِ الجَلَّابُ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ ديزِيلَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ العُمَرِىُّ، عن أخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَحشٍ، عن أبيه، عن حَمنَةَ بنتِ جَحشٍ أنَّه قيلَ لَها: قُتِلَ أخوكِ. فقالَت: يَرْحَمُه اللَّهُ، إنّا للهِ وإِنّا إلَيه راجِعونَ. فقيلَ لَها: قُتِلَ خالُكِ حَمزَةُ. فقالَت: ﵀، إنّا للهِ وإِنّا إلَيه راجِعونَ. فقيلَ لَها: قُتِلَ زَوجُكِ. فقالَت: واحُزناهُ! فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-:\"إنَّ لِلزّوجِ مِنَ المَرأَةِ لَشُعبَةً لَيسَت لِشَئ\" (^١).\n\n٧٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِيُّ الكوفِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ قال: كُنّا نَعرِضُ المَصاحِفَ عِندَ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ فمَرَّ بهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ﴾ [التغابن: ١١]. قال: فسأَلناه عَنها فقالَ: هو الرَّجُلُ تُصيبُه المُصيبَةُ فيَعلَمُ\n_________\n= ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٦/ ٤٢٨ من طريق الاسماعيلى به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤١٣: المدينى واه.\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٦١، ٦٢. وفيه: عبدان بن يزيد الدقاق. بدلًا من: عبد الرحمن بن حمدان الجلاب. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٩٠) من طريق الفروى به بدون ذكر عبيد الله المصغر. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤١٣: غريب، وفيه: واحرباه. مكان: واحزناه.","vol":"7","page":481},{"text":"أنَّها مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ فيرَضَى ويُسَلِّمُ (^١).\nورُوىَ هَذا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1600>بابُ ما يُرجَى في المُصيبَةِ بالأولادِ إذا احتَسَبَهُم</span>\n\n٧٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ محمدٍ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُهلِيُّ وإبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺقال: \"لا يَموتُ لأحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ فتَمَسَّه النّارُ إلَّا تَحِلَّةَ القَسَمِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيىَ (^٤).\n\n٧٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأدَمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبر اهيمَ الدَّبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه وزادَ: \"لَم يَبلُغوا الحِنثَ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٩٩٧٦)، والثعلبي في تفسيره ٩/ ٣٢٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد الله به. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٢٩٥، والطبراني ٢٣/ ١٢ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور- كما في الدر المنثور ١٤/ ٥١٦.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٢٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠١٢٠)، والترمذى (١٠٦٠)، والنسائى (١٨٧٤)، وابن حبان (٢٩٤٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٦٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٣٢/ ١٥٢٠).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٢٠١٣٩)، وعنه أحمد (٧٧٢١).","vol":"7","page":482},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^١).\n\n٧٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأصبَهانِيِّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ ذَكوانَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ أنَ نِسوَةً اجتَمَعنَ فأَتاهُنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعَلَّمَهُنَ مِمّا عَلَّمَه اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ما مِنكُنَّ مِنَ امرأَةٍ تُقَدِّمُ بَينَ يَدَيها مِن ولَدِها ثَلاثَةً إلَّا كانوا لَها حِجابًا مِنَ النّارِ\". فقالَتِ امرأَةٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ واثنَينِ؟ قال: \"واثنَينِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كامِلٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبيه عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. ورَواه شَريكٌ عن ابنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ وأَبِى هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن ابنِ الأصبَهانِيُّ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ (^٥).\nوعن ابنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ عن أبى حازِمٍ عن أبى هريرةَ (^٦). زادَ سُهَيلٌ في رِوايَتِه: \"فتَحتَسِبُهُم\".\n_________\n(^١) مسلمٌ (٢٦٣٢/ ١٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٠٦)، والبخارى (١٢٤٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الأصبهانى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٣١٠)، ومسلم (٢٦٣٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى معلقًا عقب (١٢٤٩). وابن أبى شيبة (١١٩٨٧) عن شريك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٩٦)، والبخارى (١٠١، ١٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٣٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٨٩٦، ٥٨٩٧)، وابن حبان (٢٩٤٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى عقب (١٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٣٤/ ١٥٣).","vol":"7","page":483},{"text":"٧٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أُصيبَ له ولَدانِ أو ثَلاثَةٌ لَم يَبلُغوا الحِنثَ فاحتَسَبَهُم كانوا له سِترًا مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١)\n\n٧٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لِنِسوَةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ: \"لا يَموتُ لإِحداكُنَّ ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ فتَحتَسِبُهم إلَّا دَخَلَتِ الجَنَّةَ\". فقالَتِ امرأَةٌ: أو اثنَينِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أو اثنَينِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى (^٤) زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى الناقِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يُتَوَفَّى له ثَلَاثةٌ لَم يَبلُغوا الحِنثَ إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩١٦) عن قتيبة به. وابن حبان (٢٩٤١) من طريق الدراوردى به. وأحمد (٧٣٥٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٨٩٨) من طريق سهيل بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٣٢/ ١٥١).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٤٦١، وطبقات الحنابلة ١/ ١٥٦.","vol":"7","page":484},{"text":"أدخَلَه اللَّهُ الجَنَّةَ بفَضلِ رَحمَتِه\".\n\n٧٢٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ حَمّادٍ المَعنَى، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"بفَضلِ رَحمَتِه إيّاهُم\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدٍ مَسعودُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ المَيمونِىُّ بالرَّقَّةِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ قال: حدثنا أبى، عن جَدِّه طَلقِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: أتَتِ امرأَةٌ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَد دَفَنتُ ثَلاثَةً مِن ولَدِى. فقالَ: \"لَقَدِ احتَظَرتِ بحِظارٍ (^٣) شَديدٍ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١٨٧٢)، وفى الكبرى (٢٠٠١)، وابن ماجه (١٦٠٥) عن يوسف بن حماد به، وليس عند النسائى في الصغرى: \"إياهم\". والبخارى (١٣٨١) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٤٨).\n(^٣) احتظرت بحظار: أراد لقد احتميت بحمى عظيم من النار يقيك حرها ويؤمنك دخولها. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (١٠٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٣٧)، والنسائى (١٨٧٧) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٦٣٦/ ١٥٥).","vol":"7","page":485},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، حدثنا أبو السَّليلِ، عن أبى حَسّانَ قال: قُلتُ لأبى هريرةَ: ماتَ لى ابنانِ فهَل أنتَ مُحَدِّثِى عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بحَديثٍ تُطَيِّبُ به أنفُسَنا عن مَوتانا؟ قال: نَعَم \"صِغارُهُم دَعاميصُ (^١) الجَنَّةِ، يَلقَى أحَدُهُم أبَوَيه أو أباه فيأخُذُ بيَدِه كما آخُذُ أنا بصَنِفَةِ (^٢) ثَويكَ هَذا، فلا يَنتَهِى حَتَّى يُدخِلَه اللَّهُ وأباه (^٣) الجَنَّةَ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٢٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ حاتِمٍ الدّارَبُردِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن التَّيمِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"صِغارُهُم دَعاميصُ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى وغَيرِه عن مُعتَمِرٍ، وعن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٦).\n\n٧٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدعاميص: جمع دعموص، وهى دويبة تكون في مستنقع الماء، والدعموص أيضًا الدخَّال في الأمور؛ أى أنهم سياحون في الجنة دخالون في منازلهم لا يمنعون من موضع، كما أن الصبيان في الدنيا لا يمنعون من الدخول على الحُرَم ولا يحتجب منهم أحد. النهاية ٢/ ١٢٠.\n(^٢) صنفة الثوب: حاشيته، وقيل: بل الناحية التى فيها الهدب. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١٢٥.\n(^٣) في س: \"إياه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٣١) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ١٤٩ من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٦٣٥).","vol":"7","page":486},{"text":"عَوفٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"ما مِن مُسلِمَينِ يَموتُ لَهُما ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ لَم يَبلُغوا الحِنثَ إلَّا أدخَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ وأَبَوَيهِمُ الجَنَّةَ بفَضلِ رَحمَتِه\". قال: \"ويَكونونَ على باب مِن أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ فيقالُ لَهُمُ: ادخُلوا الجَنَّةَ. فيقولونَ (^١): حَتَّى يَجِئَ أبَوانا. فيقالُ لَهُمُ: ادخُلوا الجَنَّة أَنتُم وأَبَواكُم (^٢) بفَضلِ رَحمَةِ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\nوالأخبارُ في هَذا البابِ كَثيرَةٌ، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٧٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الإمامُ والِدِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سوَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"ما تَعُدّونَ الرَّقُوبَ فيكُم؟ \". قالوا: هو الَّذِى لا يولَدُ لَه. قال: \"لَيسَ ذاكَ بالرَّقوبِ، ولَكِنَّه الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي لَم يُقَدِّمْ مِن ولَدِه شَيئًا\". قال: \"فما تَعُدّونَ الصُّرَعَةَ فيكُم؟ \". قالوا: الَّذِى لا تَصرَعُه الرِّجالُ. قال: \"لَيسَ بذاكَ، ولَكِنَّه الَّذِى يَملِكُ نَفسَه عِندَ الغَضَبِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ جَريرٍ، وفِي حَديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ تَقديمٌ وتأخيرٌ قال أولًا: \"ما تَعُدّونَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س:\"لا\".\n(^٢) في س، وحاشية الأصل:\"آباؤكم\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٤٧)، وفيه: الحسن بن الحسن. بدلًا من: إسحاق بن الحسن. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٢٢)، والنسائى (١٨٧٥) من طريق عوف به.","vol":"7","page":487},{"text":"فيكُمُ الصُّرَعَةَ؟ \". قالوا: الَّذِى لا تَصرَعُه الرِّجالُ. قال: \"لا ولَكِنَّ الصُّرَعَةَ الَّذِى يَملِكُ نَفسَه عِندَ الغَضَبِ\". قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ما تَعُدّونَ فيكُمُ الرَّقوبَ؟ \". قال: قُلنا: الرَّقوبُ الَذِى لا يولَدُ لَه. قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِ الرَّقوبُ الَّذِى لَم يُقَدِّمْ مِن ولَدِه شَيئا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وعن قتيبَةَ وعُثمانَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى سِنانٍ قال: دَفَنتُ ابنِى سِنانًا، وأبو طَلحَةَ الخَولانِيُّ جالِسٌ على شَفيرِ القَبرِ، فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"إذا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ ابنَ العَبدِ قال لِمَلائكَتِه: ما قال عبدِى؟ قالوا: حَمِدَكَ واستَرجَعَ. قال: ابنُوا له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ، وسَمُّوه بَيتَ الحَمدِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ الكِرمانِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ الكِرمانِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ رَبِّه بنُ بارِقٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى سِماكُ بنُ الوَليدِ الحَنَفِيُّ، في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢٦)، وأبو داود (٤٧٧٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن حبان (٢٩٥٠) من طريق جرير به. ومسلم (٢٦٠٨/ ١٠٦)، وابن حبان (٥٦٩١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦٠٨/ ...).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٥١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٢٥)، والترمذى (١٠٢١)، وابن حبان (٢٩٤٨) من طريق حماد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤١٥: الضحاك عن أبى موسى مرسل.","vol":"7","page":488},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن كان له فَرَطانِ (^١) مِن أُمَّتِى أدخَلَه اللَّهُ الجَنَّةَ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: وواحِدَةٌ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"وواحِدَةٌ يا موَفَّقَةُ\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"فمَن لَم يَكُنْ له مِن أُمَّتِى فرَطٌ، فأَنا فرَطُ مَن لَم يَكُنْ له فرَطٌ، لَم يُصابوا بمِثلى\" (^٢).\n\n٧٢٢٩ - وحَدَّثَنا الامامُ أبو الطّيبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ علىٍّ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ إبراهيمَ البِرَكِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ رَبِّه بنُ بارِقٍ الحَنَفِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1601>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في البُكاءِ بلا نَدبٍ ولا نياحَةٍ</span>\n\n٧٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ -﵄- قال: أُتِيَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- بابنَةِ ابنَتِه ونَفسُها تَقَعقَعُ كأَنَّها في شَنٍّ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"للَّهِ ما أخَذَ ولِلَّهِ ما أعطَى، وكُلٌّ إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى\". قالَ: وبَكَى فقالَ له سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتَبكِى وقَد نَهَيتَ عن البُكاءِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) يقال: افترط فلان ابنا له صغيرا. إذا مات قبله. النهاية ٣/ ٤٣٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٩٨)، والترمذى (١٠٦٢) من طريق عبد ربه بن بارق به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث عبد ربه بن بارق، وقد روى عنه غير واحد من الأئمة.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٥١).","vol":"7","page":489},{"text":"\"إنَّما هِىَ رَحمَةٌ جَعَلَها اللَّهُ في قُلوبِ عبادِه، وإنَّما يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ مِن عِبادِه الرُّحَماءَ\" (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وُلِدَ لِى اللَّيلَةَ غُلامٌ فسَمَّيتُه بأَبِى إبراهيمَ\". ثُمَّ دَفَعَه إلَى أُمِّ سَيفٍ امرأَةِ قَينٍ بالمَدينَةِ يُقالُ له: أبو سَيفٍ. فانطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَزورُه وانطَلَقتُ مَعَه فانتَهَينا إلَى أبى سَيفٍ وهو يَنفُخُ بكِيرِه. قال: والبَيتُ مُمتَلِئٌ دُخانًا. قال: فأَسرَعتُ المَشىَ بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَتَيتُ أبا سَيفٍ فقُلتُ: جاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمسِكْ أمسِكْ. فأَمسَكَ فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَعا بالصَّبِىِّ فضمَّه إلَيه وقالَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ. قال أنَسٌ: فلَقَد رأَيتُه بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يَكيدُ بنَفسِه (^٣) فدَمَعَت عَينا رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَدمَعُ العَينُ ويَحزَنُ القَلبُ، ولا نَقولُ إلَّا ما يُرضِى رَبَّنا، واللَّهِ يا إبراهيمُ إنّا بكَ لَمَحزونونَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣١٥٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وتقدم في (٧٢١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٢٣)، والبخارى (١٢٨٤، ٥٦٥٥).\n(^٣) يكيد بنفسه: أى يجود بها. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠١٤) عن هاشم أبى النضر به. وأبو داود (٣١٢٦)، وابن حبان (٢٩٠٢) من طريق سليمان به.","vol":"7","page":490},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ وشَيبانَ عن سُلَيمانَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ثابِتٍ، قال: ورَواه موسَى عن سُلَيمانَ (^١).\n\n٧٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: خَرَجَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- بعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ -﵁- إلَى النَّخلِ، فإذا ابنُه إبراهيمُ يَجودُ بنَفسِه فوَضَعَه في حَجرِه ففاضَت عَيناه، فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ: أتَبكِى وأَنتَ تَنهَى النّاسَ؟ قال: \"إنِّى لَم أنهَ عن البكاءِ، إنَّما نَهَيتُ عن النَّوحِ، صَوتَينِ أحمَقَينِ فاجِرَينِ؛ صَوتٍ عِندَ نَغَمَةِ لَهوٍ ولَعِبٍ ومَزاميرِ شَيطانٍ، وصَوتٍ عِندَ مُصيبَة خَمشِ وُجوهٍ، وشَقِّ جُيوبٍ، ورَنَّةٍ، وهَذا هو رَحمَةٌ، ومَن لا يَرحَمْ لا يرحَمْ، يا إبراهيمُ لَولا أنَّه أمرٌ حَقٌّ ووَعَدٌ صِدقٌ وأَنَّ آخِرَنا سَيَلحَق بأَوَّلِنا، لَحَزِنّا عَلَيكَ خزنًا هو أشدُّ مِن هَذا، وإنّا بكَ لَمَحزونونَ، تَبكِى العَين ويَحزَن القَلبُ ولا نَقولُ ما يسخِط الرَّبَّ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سَوّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ المُعَلَّى الأنصارِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: اشتَكَى سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ شَكوَى له، فأَتاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعودُه مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وسَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣١٥)، والبخارى (١٣٠٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٠٥) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن.","vol":"7","page":491},{"text":"فلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيه وجَدَه في غَشيَةٍ فقالَ: \"أقَد قَضَى؟ \". فقالوا: لا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فبَكَى رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا رأَى القَومُ بُكاءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ - بَكَوا فقالَ: \"ألا تَسمَعونَ، إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُعَذِّبُ بدَمعِ العَينِ ولا بحُزنِ القَلبِ، ولكن يُعَذِّبُ بهَذا -وأَشارَ إلَى لِسانِه- أو يَرحَمُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1602>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ في البُكاءِ إلَى أن يَموتَ الَّذِى يُبكَى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٧٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ، عن عَتيكِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَتيكٍ وهو جَدُّ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو أُمِّه، أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عَتيكٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَ يَعودُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ ثابِتٍ فوَجَدَه قَد غُلِبَ، فصاحَ به فلَم يُجِبْه، فاستَرجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"غُلِبنا عَلَيكَ يا أبا الرَّبيعِ\". فصاحَ النِّسوَةُ وبَكَينَ، فجَعَلَ ابنُ عَتيكٍ يُسكِتُهُنَّ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"دَعهُن، فإِذا وجَبَ فلا تَبكيَن باكيَةٌ\". قالوا: وما الوُجوبُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"إذا ماتَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٨٨)، والشعب (١٠١٦٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣١٥٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٠٤)، ومسلم (٩٢٤).\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (ص ٧٣ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى ١/ ٢٣٣، ٢٣٤، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣١١١)، والنسائى (١٨٤٥)، وابن حبان (٣١٨٩، ٣١٩٠).","vol":"7","page":492},{"text":"٧٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمّا رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن أُحُدٍ سَمِعَ نِساءَ الأنصارِ يَبكِينَ فقالَ: \"لَكنَّ حَمزَةَ لا بَواكِىَ له\". فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ نِساءَ الأنصارِ فبَكَينَ لِحَمزَةَ، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ وهُنَّ يَبكِينَ فقالَ: \"يا ويحَهُنَّ مازِلنَ يَبكِينَ مُنذُ اليَومِ، فَلْيَبْكِينَ (^١)، ولا يَبكِينَ على هالِكٍ بَعدَ اليَومِ\" (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أُسامَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٧٢٣٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ فسَمِعَ نِساءَ بَنِى عبدِ الأشهَلِ يَبكِينَ على هَلكاهُنَّ فقالَ: \"لكنَّ حَمزَةَ لا بَواكِىَ له\". فجِئنَ نِساءُ الأنصارِ فبَكَينَ على حَمزَةَ عِندَه، ورَقَدَ فاستَيقَظَ وهُنَّ يَبكِينَ فقالَ: \"يا ويحَهُنَّ إِنَّهُنَّ لَههُنا حَتَّى الآنَ، مُروهُنَّ فليَرجِعنَ، ولا يَبكِينَ على هالِكٍ بَعدَ اليَومِ\" (^٣).\nوقَولُه: \"ولا يَبكِينَ على هالِكٍ بَعدَ اليَومِ\". إن أرادَ به العُمومَ كان كَقَولِه في حَديثِ ابنِ عَتيكٍ: \"فإذا وجَبَ فلا تَبكيَنَّ باكيَةٌ\". ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المرادُ به\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فليسكتن\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨١. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٦١٠) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٨٤، ٥٥٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٥٩١) من طريق أسامة به.","vol":"7","page":493},{"text":"على هالِكٍ مِن شُهَداءِ أُحُدٍ، فكأَنَّه قال: حَسبُكُنَّ ما بَكَيتُنَّ عَلَيهِم. وقَد ورَدَتِ الرُّخصَةُ في البُكاءِ بَعدَ المَوتِ بدَمعِ العَينِ وحُزنِ القَلبِ، فيَكون حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ مَحمولًا على الاختيارِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1603>بابُ سياقِ أخبارٍ تَدُلُّ على جَوازِ البُكاءِ بَعدَ المَوتِ</span>\n\n٧٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَعَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جَعفَرًا وزيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ، نَعاهُم قَبلَ أن يَجِئَ خَبَرُهُم، نَعاهُم وعَيناه تَذرِفانِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: شَهِدنا ابنَةً لرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ على القَبرِ، فرأَيتُ عَينَيه تَدمَعانِ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ وأبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُنَينٍ يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٤٢٦٢)، والنسائى (١٨٧٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. والبخارى (٣٧٥٧) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٦٣٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧١٢٧، ٧١٢٨).","vol":"7","page":494},{"text":"عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: زارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبرَ أُمِّه فبَكَى وأَبكَى مَن حَولَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"استأذَنتُ رَبِّى أن أزورَ قَبرَها فأَذِنَ لِى، واستأذَنتُه أن أستَغفِرَ لَها فلَم يؤذَنْ لِى، فزُوروا القُبورَ؛ فإِنَّها تُذَكِّرُ المَوتَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عمرٍو أخبَرَه، أنَّ سلمةَ بنَ الأزرَقِ كان جالِسًا عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ بالسّوقِ فمُرَّ بجِنازَةٍ يُبكَى عَلَيها قال: فعابَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ وانتَهَرَهُنَّ، قال: فقالَ سَلَمَةُ: لا تَقُلْ ذَلِكَ يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فأَشهَدُ على أبى هريرةَ لَسَمِعتُه يقولُ: مُرَّ على النَّبِىِّﷺ- بجِنازَةٍ وأَنا مَعَه ومَعَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٩٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٧٥. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣١٦٩) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٨٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٤)، والنسائى (٢٠٣٣)، وابن ماجه (١٥٧٢) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٧٦/ ١٠٨).","vol":"7","page":495},{"text":"ونِساءٌ يَبكينَ عَلَيها فزَبَرَهُنَّ (^١) عُمَرُ وانتَهَرَهُنَّ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"دَعْهنّ يا عُمَرُ فإِنَّ العَينَ دامِعَةٌ، والنَّفسَ مُصابَةٌ، والعَهدَ حَديثٌ\". قالوا: أنتَ سَمِعتَه يقولُ هَذا؟ قال: نَعَم. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: فاللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. مَرَّتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن على بنِ زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بَكَتِ النِّساءُ على رُقَيَّةَ -﵂-، فجَعَلَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يَنهاهُنَّ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَهْ يا عُمَرُ\". قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"إيّاكُنَّ ونَعيقَ الشَّيطانِ، فإِنَّه مَهما يَكُنْ مِنَ العَينِ والقَلبِ فمِنَ الرَّحمَةِ، وما يَكونُ مِنَ اللِّسانِ واليَدِ فمِنَ الشَّيطانِ\". قال: وجَعَلَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂- تَبكِى على شَفيرِ قَبرِ رُقيَّةَ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَمسَحُ الدُّموعَ عن وجهِها باليَدِ. أو قال: بالثَّوبِ (^٣).\nوهَذا وإن كان غَيرَ قَوى، فقَولُه -ﷺ- في الحديث الثابِتِ عنه: \"إنّ اللَّهَ لا يُعَذِّبُ بدَمعِ العَينِ ولا بحُزنِ القَلبِ، ولكن يُعَذِّبُ بهَذا -وأَشارَ إلَى لِسانِه- أو يَرحَمُ\" (^٤). يَدُل على مَعناه ويَشهَدُ له بالصِّحَّةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) فزبرهن: أى نهرهن وأغلظ لهن في القول. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٩٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٦٧٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٩١)، وابن حبان (٣١٥٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٨٧) من طريق هشام بن عروة به، وعنده بدون ذكر قصة ابن عمر. والنسائى (٥٨٨٩) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤١٨: ... وسلمة بن الأزرق لا يعرف، لكن كون ابن عمر قبل خبره دل على قوة حديثه عنه ...\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٨١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٠٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به مطولًا.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٣٣).","vol":"7","page":496},{"text":"٧٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: لما ماتَ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ اجتَمَعَ نِسوَةُ بَنِى المُغيرَةِ يَبكِينَ عَلَيه، فقيلَ لِعُمَرَ -﵁-: أرسِلْ إلَيهِنَّ فانْهَهُنَّ لا يَبلُغْكَ عَنهُنَّ شَئٌ تكرَهُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما عَلَيهِنَّ أن يُهَرِقنَ دُموعَهُنَّ على أبى سُلَيمانَ ما لَم يَكُنْ نَقعًا أو لَقلَقَةً (^١).\n\n٧٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ ﵍ بَكَت أباها فقالَت: [يا أبَتاه مِن رَبِّه ما أدناه، يا أبَتاه إلَى جبريلَ أنعاه، يا أبَتاه جَنَّةُ الفِردَوسِ مأواه (^٣). زادَ فيه حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ عن ثابِتٍ] (^٢): يا أبَتاه أجابَ رَبًّا دَعاه. ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) اللقلقة: أراد الصياح والجلبة عند الموت، والنقع: وضع التراب على الرءوس. النهاية ٤/ ٢٦٥، ٥/ ١٠٩، وينظر فتح البارى ٣/ ١٦١.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٦/ ٢٧٨ من طريق المصنف به، وفى ١٦/ ٢٧٧ من طريق أبى معاوية به. والبخارى في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٧١ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٦٦٧٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٠٣١)، والنسائى (١٨٤٣)، وابن حبان (٦٦٢١).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٤٦٢).","vol":"7","page":497},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1604>بابُ سياقِ أخبارٍ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ المَيّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بالنّياحَةِ عَلَيه، وما رُوىَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- في ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٧٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيبِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ المَيِّتَ يُعَذبُ بالنّياحَةِ عَلَيه في قَبرِه\" (^١). [أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ شُعبَةَ هَكَذا] (^٢).\n\n٧٢٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِبر، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّﷺقال: \"المَيتُ يُعَذَّبُ بما نيحَ عَلَيه في قَبرِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن عبدانَ عن أبيه عن شُعبَةَ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ هَكَذا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١٤٥)، والطيالسى (١٥). وأخرجه النسائى (١٨٥٢)، ابن ماجه (١٥٩٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب عليه في أصل المؤلف\". وسيأتى تخريجه في الرواية التالية.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٩٣) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (٣٥٤) عن محمد بن جعفر غندر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٢٧/ ١٧)، والبخاري (١٢٩٢).\n(^٥) البخارى عقب (١٢٩٢) تعليقًا، ومسلم (٩٢٧/ ...).","vol":"7","page":498},{"text":"٧٢٤٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ الدُّولابِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ حَفصٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ ابنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المَيتُ يُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ الحَيِّ\" (^١).\n\n٧٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ حَفصَةَ بَكَت على عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَ: مَهلًا يا بُنَيَّةُ، ألَم تَعلَمِى أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن المَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ أهلِه عَلَيه\" (^٢)؟ رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ بمَعناه في البُكاءِ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن أبى بُردَةَ ابنِ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا طُعِنَ عُمَرُ -﵁- جَعَلَ صُهَيبٌ يقولُ: واأَخاه. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: يا صُهَيبُ، أما عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المَيتَ يُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (٥٧٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨)، والنسائى (١٨٤٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٢٧/ ١٦، ١٨).","vol":"7","page":499},{"text":"الحَىِّ\"؟ رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ الخَليلِ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن على بنِ حُجرٍ (^١).\n\n٧٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثقَفِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- لَماّ طُعِنَ عَوَّلَت عَلَيه حَفصَةُ، فقالَ: يا حَفصَةُ، أما سَمِعتِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"المُعَوَّلُ عَلَيه يُعَذَّبُ\"؟ وعَوَّلَ عَلَيه صُهَيبٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا صُهَيبُ، أما عَلِمتَ أنَ المُعَوَّلَ عَلَيه يُعَذَّبُ (^٢)؟ رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن عَفانَ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطائىُّ، عن على بنِ رَبيعَةَ أنَّه خَرَجَ يَومًا إلَى المَسجِدِ الأعظَمِ والمُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ أميرٌ على الكوفَةِ، فخَرَجَ المُغيرَةُ إلَى المَسجِدِ فرَقِىَ المِنبَرَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: ما هَذا النَّوحُ في الإِسلامِ؟ قالوا: توُفِّىَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: قَرَظَةُ بنُ كَعبٍ. فنيحَ عَلَيه. قال المُغيرَةُ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ كَذِبًا عليَّ لَيسَ كَكَذِبٍ على أحَدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٩٠)، ومسلم (٩٢٧/ ١٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨) عن عفان به. وابن حبان (٣١٣٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٢٧/ ٢١).","vol":"7","page":500},{"text":"فمَن كَذَبَ عليَّ فليتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\". وإنِّى سَمِعتُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن نِيحَ عَلَيه فإِنَّه يُعَذّبُ بما نِيحَ عَلَيه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ مُختَصَرًا، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ قَيسٍ الأسَدِىُّ، عن علىِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: كان أوَّلُ مَن نيحَ عَلَيه بالكوفَةِ على قَرَظَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ، وزَعَمَ أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شعبَةَ قامَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن كَذَبَ عليَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فليتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\". وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"مَن نِيحَ عَلَيه فإِنَّه يُعَذّبُ بما نيحَ عَلَيه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنَّ سالِمًا حَدَّثَه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المَيِّتَ لَيعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ الحَيِّ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٤٠)، والترمذى (١٠٠٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٩١)، ومسلم (٩٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٣٧) من طريق محمد بن قيس به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٣٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٨٢) من طريق عمر بن محمد به.","vol":"7","page":501},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٧٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَ عائشةَ -﵂- ذُكِرَ عِندَها قَولُ ابنِ عُمَرَ في المُعَوَّلِ عَلَيه يُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ أهلِه عَلَيه، فقالَت: يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، سَمِعَ شَيئًا فلَم يَحفَظْه، إنَّما مُرَّ بجِنازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ فجَعَلَ أهلُه يَبكونَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّهُم لَيَبكونه وإنَّه لَيعَذَّبُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣)، زادَ فيه أبو أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ فقالَ: \"إنَّه لَيعَذَّبُ بخَطيئتِه، أو بذَنبِه، وإنَّ أهلَه لَيَبْكونَ عَلَيه الآنَ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ لما مات رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ قال لَهُم: لا تَبكوا عَلَيه فإِنَّ بَكاءَ الحَىِّ عَذابٌ لِلمَيِّتِ. وقالَ عن عَمْرَةَ: فسأَلْتُ عائشةَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَت: يَرحَمُه اللَّهُ، إنَّما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ليَهوديَّةٍ وأَهلُها يَبكونَ: \"إنَّهُم لَيَبكونَ عَلَيها وإنَّها لَتُعَذَّبُ في قَبرِها\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٤٩٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٣٩٧٨)، ومسلم (٩٣٢/ ٢٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٥)، وابن حبان (٣١٣٧) من طريق ابن عيينة به.","vol":"7","page":502},{"text":"٧٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ أنَّها سَمِعَت عائشةَ -﵂- وذُكِرَ لَها أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: إنَّ المَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ الحَىِّ. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: أما إنَّه لَم يَكذِبْ ولَكِنَّه أخطأ أو نَسِىَ، إنَّما مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على يَهوديَّةٍ وهِىَ يَبكِى عَلَيها أهلُها، فقالَ: \"إنَّهُمُ لَيَبكونَ عَلَيها وإنَّها لَتُعَذَّبُ في قَبرِها\" (^١).\n\n٧٢٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنسٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّها أخبَرَته. وقالَ: فقالَت عائشَةُ: يَغفِرُ اللَّهُ لأبِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. وقالَ: يُبكَى عَلَيها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٩٦)، وإثبات عذاب القبر (١٠١)، والشافعى في مسنده ١/ ٣٧٥ (٥٥٩)، ومالك ١/ ٢٣٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٧٥٨)، وابن حبان (٣١٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٠٠٦)، والنسائى (١٨٥٥) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٣٢/ ٢٧)، والبخارى (١٢٨٩).","vol":"7","page":503},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ (^١) محمدِ بنِ حَليمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيمونٍ الصّائغِ (^٢) بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: توُفّيَتِ ابنَةٌ لِعُثمانَ -﵁- بمَكَّةَ، وجِئنا لِنَشهَدَها. قال: وحَضرَها ابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ عباسٍ وإِنِّى لَجالِسٌ بَينَهُما. قال: جَلَستُ إلَى أحَدِهِما ثُمَّ جاءَ الآخَرُ فجَلَسَ إلَى جَنبِى، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ لِعَمرِو بنِ عثمانَ: ألا تَنهَى النِّساءَ عن البُكاءِ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن المَيِّتَ لَيعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ أهلِه\". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: قَد كان عُمَرُ -﵁- يقولُ بَعضَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ قال: صَدَرتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ مِن مَكَّةَ حَتَى كُنّا بالبَيداءِ إذا هو برَكبٍ تَحتَ ظِلِّ سَمُرَةٍ (^٣) فقالَ: اذهَبْ وانظُرْ مَن هَؤلاءِ الرَّكبُ. قال: فنَظَرتُ فإِذا هو صُهَيبٌ، فأَخبَرتُه، قال: ادعُه لِى. فرَجَعتُ إلَى صُهَيبٍ فقُلتُ: ارتَحِلْ فالحَقْ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فلَمّا أُصيبَ عُمَرُ دَخَلَ صُهَيبٌ يَبكِى يقولُ: واأَخاه واصاحِباه. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: يا صُهَيبُ، أتَبكِى علَيَّ وقَد قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ المَيِّتَ لَيعَذَّبُ ببعضِ بُكاءِ أهلِه عَلَيه\"؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فلَمَّا ماتَ عُمَرُ -﵁- ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂- فقالَت: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عُمَرَ، واللَّهِ ما حَدَّثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّ اللَّهَ يُعَذِّبُ المُؤمِنَ ببُكاءِ أهلِه عَلَيه، ولَكِن قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن اللَّهَ لَيَزيدُ الكافِرَ عَذابًا ببُكاءِ أهلِه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"حليم بن\" ومضروب عليها في الأصل. وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٣٧، ١٢٩٢، ٣٠٦٨). وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٢/ ٤٩٢.\n(^٢) كتب أمامها في حاشية الأصل: \"الصائغ هو إبراهيم والله أعلم\".\n(^٣) السمرة: ضرب من شجر الطلح. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٩.","vol":"7","page":504},{"text":"عَلَيه\". قال: وقالَت عائشَةُ: حَسبُكُمُ القُرآنُ: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤، الإسراء: ١٥، فاطر: ١٨] قال: وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ عِندَ ذَلِكَ: واللَّهُ أضحَكَ وأَبكَى. قال ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ: فواللَّهِ ما قال ابنُ عُمَرَ شَيئًا. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ. وحَديثُ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّهَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا إلَى جَنبِ ابنِ عُمَرَ ونَحنُ نَنتَظِرُ جِنازةَ أُمِّ (^٣) أبانٍ بنتِ عثمانَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، يُخالِفُه في بَعضِ الألفاظِ، قال أيّوبُ: قال ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ: حَدَّثَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: لَمّا بَلَغَ عائشةَ -﵂- قَولُ عُمَرَ وابنِ عُمَرَ قالَت: إنَّكُم لَتُحَدِّثونَ عن غَيرِ كاذِبَينِ ولا مُكَذَّبَينِ، ولَكِنَّ السَّمعَ يُخطِئُ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ (^٥).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀ قال: وما رَوَت\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٦٦٧٥)، وعنه أحمد (٢٨٩، ٢٩٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٨٦ - ١٢٨٨)، ومسلم (٩٢٨/ ٢٣، ٩٢٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"أخت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٨) عن إسماعيل به. والنسائى (١٨٥٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٣٦) من طريق ابن أبى مليكة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٢٨/ ٢٢، ٩٢٩).","vol":"7","page":505},{"text":"عائشَةُ -﵂- عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أشبَهُ أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا عنه -ﷺ- بدَلالَةِ الكِتابِ ثُمَّ السُّنَةِ، فإِن قيلَ: وأَينَ دَلالَةُ الكِتابِ؟ قيلَ: في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾. وقَولِه: ﴿وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٩]. وقَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ [الزلزلة: ٧، ٨] وقَولِه: ﴿لِتُجْزَى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا تَسْعَى﴾ [طه: ١٥]. فإِن قيلَ: فأَينَ دَلالَةُ السُّنَّةِ؟ قيلَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِرَجُلٍ: \"هَذا ابنُكَ؟! قال: نَعَم. قال: \"أمّا إَّنه لا يَجنى عَلَيكَ ولا تَجنِى عَلَيه\" (^١). فأَعلَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِثلَ ما أعلَمَ اللَّهُ ﷿؛ مِن أنَّ جِنايَةَ كُل امرِئٍ عَلَيه، كما عَمَلُه له لا لِغَيرِه ولا عَلَيهِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وعَمرَةُ أحفَظُ عن عائشةَ مِنَ ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، وحَديثُها أشبَهُ الحديثَينِ أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا، فإِن كان الحَديثُ على غَيرِ ما رَوَى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ مِن قَولِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّهُم لَيَبكونَ عَلَيها وإنَّها لَتُعَذَّبُ في قَبرِها\". فهو واضِحٌ لا يَحتاجُ إلَى تَفسيرٍ؛ لأنَّها تُعَذَبُ بالكُفرِ، وهَؤُلاءِ يَبكونَ ولا يَدرونَ ما هِىَ فيهِ. وإِن كان الحَديثُ كما رَوَى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ فهو صَحيحٌ؛ لأنَّ على الكافِرِ عَذابًا أعَلَى مِنه، فإِن عُذِّبَ بدونِه فزيدَ في عَذابِه فَبِما (^٢) استَوجَبَ، وما نيلَ مِن كافِرٍ مِن عَذابٍ أدنَى مِن أعلَى مِنه وما زيدَ عَلَيه مِنَ العَذابِ فبِاستيجابِه لا بذَنبِ غَيرِه في بُكائه عَلَيه، فإِن قيلَ: يَزيدُه عَذابًا ببُكاءِ أهلِه عَلَيه. قيلَ: يَزيدُه بما استَوجَبَ بعَمَلِه ويَكونُ بُكاؤُهُم\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٥٩٩٥، ١٥٩٩٦، ١٧٧٥٧).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فيما\". وفي ص ٣: \"فلما\".","vol":"7","page":506},{"text":"سَبَبًا لا أنَّه يُعَذَّبُ ببُكائهِم عَلَيه (^١).\nوفيما بَلَغَنِى عن أبى إبراهيمَ المُزَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّهُم كانوا يوصونَ بالبُكاءِ عَلَيهِم أو بالنّياحَةِ أو بهِما، وذَلِكَ مَعصيَة، فمَن أمَرَ بها فعُمِلَت بأَمرِه كانَت له ذَنبًا، كما لَو أمَرَ بطاعَةٍ فعُمِلَت بَعدَه كانَت له طاعَةً، فكما يُؤجَرُ بما هو سَبَبٌ له مِنَ الطاعَةِ فكَذَلِكَ يَجوزُ أن يُعَذَّبَ بما هو سَبَبٌ له مِنَ المَعصيَةِ. وبِاللَّهِ التَوفيقُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1605>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ النَّعىَ والإيذانَ، والقَدْرِ الَّذِى لا يُكرَهُ مِنهُ</span>\n\n٧٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سُلَيمٍ العَبسِيُّ، حدثنا بلال العَبسِىُّ قال: كان حُذَيفَةُ إذا كانَت في أهلِه جِنازَةٌ لَم يُؤذِنْ بها أحَدًا، ويَقولُ: إنَّى أخافُ أن يَكونَ نَعيًا؛ إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن النَّعىِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٢٥. وذكره المصنف عن الشافعى في المعرفة ٣/ ٢٠١ - ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٢٠٣، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ٣٧٣. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٢: قول النبى -ﷺ- عام محفوظ في الموصِى وغير الموصِى، وفى الذمى والمسلم، وما أبدته أم المؤمنين من عذاب اليهودية لا ينفى ما حفظ غيرها، والحديث مشكل، وإسناده ثابت من وجوه، وبعضهم يقول بكون عذاب الميت بذات النوح وبذات الصراخ، لا أنه يعذب بعذاب الله الذى هو عذاب القبر، بل يحصل له ألم وتعذيب نفس وانزعاج بأصواتهم.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٥٥)، والترمذى (٩٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٤٧٦) من طريق حبيب بن سليم العبسى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"7","page":507},{"text":"وَيُروَى في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وأَبِى سعيدٍ (^١)، ثُمَّ عن عَلقَمَةَ وابنِ المُسّيَّبِ والرَّبيعِ بنِ خُثَيمٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٢).\nوبَلَغَنى عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ أنَّه قال: لا أُحِبُّ الصّياحَ لِمَوتِ الرَّجُلِ على أبوابِ المَساجِدِ، ولَو وقَفَ على حِلَقِ المَساجِدِ فأَعلَمَ الناسَ بمَوتِه لَم يَكُنْ به بأسٌ.\nورُوّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَعَى جَعفَرًا وزَيدًا وابنَ رَواحَةَ (^٣). وعن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَعَى النَّجاشِيَّ (^٤). وعَنه في مَوتِ الإِنسانِ الَّذِى كان يَقُمُّ المَسجِدَ ودُفِنَ لَيلًا: \"أفَلا كُنتُم آذَنتُموني؟ \" (^٥). وفِى رِوايَةٍ: \"ما مَنَعَكُم أن تُعلِمونِى\" (^٦).\n\n٧٢٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِيُّ القاضِى، حدثنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ الواسِحِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ يَعنِى ابنَ رافِعٍ، عن جَدَّتِه، أنَ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ ماتَ بَعدَ العَصرِ، فأُتِىَ ابنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٠٥٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٠٩، ١١٣١٦).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٠٥٣، ٦٠٥٤، ٦٠٥٦)، وابن أبى شبة (١١٣١٠، ١١٣١٣، ١١٣١٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٣٧).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٠١٢، ٧٠١٣، ٧١٠٧).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٠٩٦).\n(^٦) تقدم عن ابن عباس (٦٩٩٠).","vol":"7","page":508},{"text":"فأُخبِرَ بمَوتِه فقيلَ له: ما تَرَى أيُخرَجُ بجِنازَتِه السّاعَةَ؟ فقالَ: إنَّ مِثلَ رافِعٍ لا يُخرَجُ به حَتَّى يُؤذَنَ به مَن حَولَنا مِنَ القُرَى. فأَصبَحوا فأَخرَجوا بجِنازَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٧٢٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- قال: كُنّا مَقدِمَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إذا حُضِرَ مِنّا المَيِّتُ آذَنّا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فحَضَرَه واستَغفَرَ له، حَتَّى إذا قُبِضَ انصَرَفَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- ومَن مَعَه حَتَّى يُدفَنَ، ورُبَّما قَعَدَ ومَن مَعَه حَتَّى يُدفَنَ، ورُبَّما طالَ حَبسُ ذَلِكَ على نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا خَشينا مَشَقَّةَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه، قال بَعضُ القَومِ لِبَعضٍ: لَو كُنّا لا نُؤذِنُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بأَحَدٍ حَتَّى يُقبَضَ، فإِذا قُبِضَ اَذَنّاه، ولَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه في ذَلِكَ مَشَقَّة ولا حَبسٌ؟ ففَعَلنا ذَلِكَ، فكُنّا نُؤذِنُه بالمَيِّتِ بَعدَ أن يَموتَ فيأتيه ويُصَلِّى عَلَيه، ورُبَّما انصَرَفَ ورُبَّما مَكَثَ حَتَّى يُدفَنَ المَيِّتُ، وكُنّا على ذَلِكَ حينًا، ثُمَّ قُلنا: لَو لَم نُشخِصِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وحَمَلنا جِنازَتَنا إلَيه حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه عِندَ بَيتِه، لَكانَ ذَلِكَ أرفَقَ به؟ ففَعَلنا فكانَ ذَلِكَ الأمرُ إلَى اليَومِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الطبرانى (٤٢٤٢) من طريق عمرو بن مرزوق به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦٢٨)، وابن حبان (٣٠٠٦) من طريق فليح به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٣: إسناده جيد.","vol":"7","page":509},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1606>بابُ كَراهيَةِ رَفعِ الصَوتِ في الجَنائزِ [والقدرِ الدي لا يُكرهُ منه]</span> (^١)\n\n٧٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَعشَرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن قَيسِ ابنِ عُبَادٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَكرَهونَ رَفعَ الصَوتِ عِندَ الجَنائزِ، وعِندَ القِتالِ، وعِندَ الذَكرِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ ابنُ شَيبانَ قال: كان الحَسَنُ في جِنازَةِ النَضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، فقالَ أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ العِجلِيُّ: يا أبا سعيدٍ إنَّه لَيُعجِبُنِى ألَّا (^٣) أسمَعَ في الجِنازةِ صَوتًا. فقالَ: إنَّ لِلخَيرِ أهلينَ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِّ والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإبراهيمَ النَخَعِىِّ أنَّهُم كَرِهوا أنَّ يُقالَ في الجِنازَةِ: استَغفِروا له غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، س.\n(^٢) وكيع في الزهد (٢١١)، وعنه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٠٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١١٣٠٤) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أنى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٩٢٧٧)، ويعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٤١ - ٦٢٤٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٢٩٤ - ١١٢٩٦، ١١٢٩٩ - ١١٣٠٢).","vol":"7","page":510},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1607>بابُ الثَّناءِ على المَيِّتِ وذِكرِه بما كان فيه مِنَ الخَيِر</span>\n\n٧٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: مَرّوا بجِنازَةٍ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَثنَوْا عَلَيها خَيرًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"وجَبَت\". ثُمَّ مُرَّ (^١) بأُخرَى فأَثنَوْا عَلَيها شَرًّا فقالَ: \"وجَبَت\". فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: ما وجَبَت يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"هَذا أثنَيتُم عَلَيه خَيرًا فوَجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ، وهَذا أثنَيتُم عَلَيه شَرًّا فوَجَبَت له النّارُ، وأَنتُم شُهَداءُ اللَّهِ في الأرضِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: مُرَّ بجِنازَةٍ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أثنُوا عَلَيه\". فقالوا: كان ما (^٤) عَلِمنا يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه. وأَثنَوْا عَلَيه خَيرًا، فقالَ: \"وجَبَت\". قال: ثُمَّ مُرَّ عَلَيه بجِنازَةٍ فقالَ: \"أثْنُوا عَلَيه\". فقالوا: بئسَ المَرءُ كان\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه مروا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٦)، وابن حبان (٣٠٢٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (١٢٩٣٨)، والنسائى (١٩٣١) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٦٧)، ومسلم (٩٤٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"فيما\".","vol":"7","page":511},{"text":"في دينِ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"وجَبَت، أنتُم شُهَداءُ (^١) اللَّهِ في الأرضِ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى الفُراتِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدّيلى قال: خَرَجتُ إلَى المَدينَةِ وقَد وقَعَ بها مَرَضٌ، فجَلَستُ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فمَرَّت بهِم جِنازَةٌ فأُثنِىَ على صاحِبِها خَيرًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: وجَبَت. ثُمَّ مُرَّ بأُخرَى فأُثنِىَ على صاحِبِها خَيرًا، فقالَ عمرُ -﵁-: وجَبَت (^٣). ثُمَّ مُرَّ بالثالِثِ فأُثنىَ على صاحِبِها شَرًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: وجَبَت. فقالَ أبو الأسوَدِ: فقُلتُ: ما وجَبَت يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: قُلتُ كما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما مُسلِمٍ شَهِدَ له أربَعَةٌ بخَيرٍ أدخَلَه اللَّهُ الجَنَّةَ\". قال: قُلنا: وثَلاثَة؟ قال: \"وثَلاثَةٌ\". قال: قُلنا: واثنانِ؟ قال: \"واثنانِ\". قال: لَم نَسأَلْه عن الواحِدِ (^٤). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"فقالَ: وقال عَفانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه شهود\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٣٨٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٦٧٢)، وعنه أحمد (١٣٠٣٩). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٤: هذا غريب.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣: \"ثم مر بأخرى فأثنى على صاحبها خيرًا فقال عمر وجبت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٨) عن عفان به. وأحمد (١٣٩)، والبخارى (٢٦٤٣)، والترمذى (١٠٥٩)، والنسائى (١٩٣٣) من طريق داود به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٣٦٨) مسندا لا معلقًا. قال ابن حجر: \"حدثنا عفان: كذا للأكثر وذكر أصحاب الأطراف أنه أخرجه قائلا فيه: قال عفان. وبذلك جزم البيهقى\". الفتح ٣/ ٢٢٩، ٢٣٠.","vol":"7","page":512},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1608>بابُ النَّهىِ عن سَبِّ الأمواتِ والأمرِ بالكَفِّ عن مَساوئهِم إذا كان مُستَغنيًا عن ذِكرِها</span>\n\n٧٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَسُبّوا الأمواتَ فإِنَّهُم قَد أفضَوا إلَى ما قَدّموا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ ابنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نَوفَلُ ابنُ مُساحِقٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُؤذوا مُسلِمًا بشَتمِ كافِرٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٢٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٦٧٨)، والآداب (٣٨٠)، وإثبات عذاب القبر (٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٧٠)، والبخارى (٦٥١٦)، والنسائى (١٩٣٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٩٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٦٨٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٨٥. وأخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ١/ ٢٦٠ من طريق أبى اليمان به مطولًا. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٥: إسناده صالح.","vol":"7","page":513},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اذكُروا مَحاسِنَ مَوتاكُم وكُفُّوا عن مَساوئهِم\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوّينا في حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ أنَّه قال: مُرَّ بجِنازَةٍ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أَثْنُوا عَلَيه\". فأَثنَوْا خَيرًا، ومُرَّ بأُخرَى فقالَ: \"أَثْنُوا عَلَيه\". فأَثنَوْا شَرًّا (^٢). وفيه دَلالَة على أنَّهُم إنَّما أثنَوْا على الجِنازَتَينِ؛ على إحداهُما بالخَيرِ، وعَلَى الأُخرَى بالشَّرِّ عِندَ أمرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بالثَّناءِ عَلَيهِما، وفى ذَلِكَ دَلالَة على جَوازِ ذِكرِ المَرءِ بما يَعلَمُه مِنه إذا وقَعَتِ الحاجَةُ إلَيه؛ نَحوَ سُؤالِ القاضِى المُزَكِّىَ وما أشبَهَ ذَلِكَ، وكأَنَّ الَّذِى أثنَوْا عَلَيه شَرًّا كان مُعلِنًا بشَرِّه، فأَرادَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- زَجرَ أمثالِه عن شُرورِهِم، وعن إطالَةِ الألسِنَةِ في أنفُسِهِم، فقالَ ما قال، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1609>بابٌ: لا يُشهَدُ لأحَدٍ بجَنةٍ ولا نارٍ، إلَّا لِمَن شَهِدَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بها</span>\n\n٧٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي خارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أُمَّ العَلاءِ -﵁- امرأَةٍ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٦٧٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٨٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٠٠)، والترمذى (١٠١٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٢٠) من طريق أبى كريب به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٥: عمران قال (خ): منكر الحديث اهـ. ثم قال الذهبى: إن كان معلنا بفحشه أو ببدعته جاز ذكره كالحجاج والجهم وابن كرام.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٦٥).","vol":"7","page":514},{"text":"نِسائهِم قَد بايَعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺأخبَرَته، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ مَظعونٍ -﵁- طارَ لَهُم في سَهمِه (^١) السُّكنَى حينَ اقتَرَعَتِ الأنصارُ في سُكنَى المُهاجِرينَ، قالَت أُمُّ العَلاءِ: فسَكَنَ عِندَنا عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ فاشتَكَى فمَرَّضناه، حَتَّى إذا توُفِّىَ وجَعَلناه في ثيابِه دَخَلَ عَلَينا النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: رَحمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكَ أبا السّائبِ، فشَهادَتِي عَلَيكَ لَقَد أكرَمَكَ اللَّهُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وما يُدريكِ أنَّ اللَّهَ أكرَمَه؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا أدرِى بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا عثمانُ قد جاءَه اليَقينُ، وإنِّى لأرجو له الخَيرَ، واللِه ما أدرِى وأَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ ما يُفعَلُ بى\". قالَت: فواللَّهِ لا أُزَكِّى أحَدًا أبَدًا. وأَحزَنَنى ذَلِكَ، فنِمتُ فأُريتُ (^٢) لِعُثمانَ عَينًا تَجرِى، فجِئتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرتُه. فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ عَمَلُه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: كانَت أُمُّ العَلاءِ الأنصاريَّةُ تَقولُ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هَذا الحديثَ، إلا أنَّه قال: \"ما يُفعَلُ به\". وزادَ: قال مَعمَرٌ: وسَمِعتُ غَيرَ (^٥) الزُّهرِيِّ يقولُ: كَرِهَ المُسلِمونَ ما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِعُثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سهم\".\n(^٢) في م، ص ٣: \"فرأيت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في الشاميين (٣٢١٢) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٧٩٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٨٧).\n(^٥) في ص، ومصنف عبد الرزاق: \"عن\".","vol":"7","page":515},{"text":"حَتَّى تُوُفَيَتِ ابنَةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"الحَقِى بفَرَطِنا عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1610>بابُ زيارَةِ القُبورِ</span>\n\n٧٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: زارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبرَ أُمِّه فبَكَى وأَبكَى مَن حَولَه، فقالَ: \"استأذَنتُ رَبِّى في أن أستَغفِرَ لَها فلَم يأذَنْ لِى، واستأذَنتُه في أن أزورَ قَبرَها فأَذِنَ لِى، فزوروا القُبورَ؛ فإِنَّها تُذَكرُكُمُ المَوتَ\" (^٢).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا عمرٌو وهو ابنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في سَفَرٍ، فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا ونَحنُ مَعَه قَريبًا مِن ألفِ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٥٨) عن عبد الرزاق به، والبخارى (٧٠١٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٦٣٤) من طريق معمر به. وعندهم: \"ما يفعل بي\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٦٧٩٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١١٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١١٩١٨)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٥٦٩، ١٥٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٨٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٤)، والنسائى (٢٠٣٣) من طريق محمد بن عبيد، وتقدم في (٧٢٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٦/ ١٠٨).","vol":"7","page":516},{"text":"راكِبٍ، فقامَ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَينا وعَيناه تَذرِفانِ، فقامَ إلَيه عُمَرُ -﵁- ففَداه بالأبِ والأُمِّ وقالَ له: ما لَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"إنِّى استأذَنتُ رَبِّى في استِغفارِى لأُمِّى فلَم يأذَنْ لِى، فبَكَيتُ لَها رَحمَةً (^١) مِنَ النّارِ، وإنِّى كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ فزُوروها، وكُنتُ نَهَيتُكم عن لُحومِ الأضاحِيِّ أن تُمسِكوها فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، فكُلوا وأَمسِكوا ما بَدالَكم، وكنتُ نَهَيتُكم عن الشُّربِ في الأوعيَةِ، فاشرَبوا في أىِّ وعاءٍ شِئتُم ولا تَشرَبوا مُسكِرًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن زُهَيرٍ دونَ قِصَّةِ أُمِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سالمُ (^٤) بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ واقِدٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا زُبَيدُ بنُ الحارِثِ اليامِى. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فزوروها ولتَزِدْكم زَيارَتُها خَيرًا\" (^٥).\n\n٧٢٧٥ - ورَواهَ مُعَرِّفُ بنُ واصِلٍ عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"فزُورُوها؛ فإِن في زيارَتِها تَذكِرَةً\". أخبَرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"لها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٤٤٤١، ٥٦٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٣٩٠)، وأبو عوانة (٧٨٨٢) من طريق زهير به، وليس عند النسائى وابن حبان قصة أمه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٧).\n(^٤) في حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه سلم\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٢٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٠٣) عن أحمد بن عبد الملك به.","vol":"7","page":517},{"text":"بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُعَرِّفُ بنُ واصِلٍ. فذَكَرَه مُختَصَرًا في النَّهىِ عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ والإِذنِ فيها فقَط (^١).\n\n٧٢٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أنَ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ واسِعَ بنَ حَبّانَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ حَدَّثَه أنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ فزوروها؛ فإِنَّ فيها عِبرَة، ونَهَيتُكُم عن النَّبيذِ، ألَا فانتَبذوا ولا أُحِلُّ مُسكِرًا، ونَهَيتُكُم عن لُحومِ الأضاحِيِّ، فكُلوا وادَّخِروا\" (^٢).\n\n٧٢٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ هانِيء، عن مَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال:\"إنِّى كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَة القُبورِ وأَكَلِ لُحومِ الأضاحِيِّ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، وعن نَبيذِ الأوعيَة، ألا فزوروا القُبورَ؛ فإنَّها تُزَهِّدُ في الدُّنيا وتُذَكرُ الآخِرَةَ، وكُلُوا لُحومَ الأضاحِيِّ وأَبقُوا ما شِئتُم، فإِنَّما نَهَيتُكُم عنه إذِ الخيرُ قَليلٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٤٣) مطولا، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٥، ٣٦٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٠٠) مختصرًا، والصغرى (١١٧٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٧٤، ٣٧٥، وابن وهب في موطئه (٢٨) وعنده مقتصرًا على النبيذ. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٢٩) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٦: إسناده جيد.","vol":"7","page":518},{"text":"فوَسَّعَه اللهُ على النّاسِ، ألَا إنَّ وعاءً لا يُحَرِّمُ شَيئًا، وإِنَّ كُلَ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَويُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ طَهمانَ، عن (^٢) عمرُو بنُ عامِرٍ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أنَسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ لُحومَ الأضاحِىِّ والأوعيَةَ وزيارَةَ القُبورِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ إذنَه فيها (^٣) بطولِه، قال: \"وكُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ ثُمّ بَدا لِى فزورُوها؛ فإِنَّها تُرِقُّ القَلبَ وتُدمِعُ العَينَ وتُذَكِّرُ الآخِرَةَ، فزورُوا ولا تَقولوا هُجْرًا (^٤) \" (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ عن عمرٍو (^٦).\n\n٧٢٧٩ - وقد رُوّينا قَولَه: \"ولا تقولوا هُجْرًا\". مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن رَبيعَةَ ابنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ونَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ فزوروها ولا تَقولوا هُجْرًا\". إلا أنَّه مُرسَلٌ؛ رَبيعَةُ لَم يُدرِكْ أبا سعيدٍ. أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٥. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ١٧، ١٨ من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٤٣١٩) من طريق مسروق به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٧: أيوب ضعفه ابن معين.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فيهما\".\n(^٤) الهُجر: الإفحاش في المنطق والخنا ونحوه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٦٣.\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٣٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٨٧) من طريق عمرو وعبد الوارث به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦١٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٩٩)، والشافعى ١/ ٢٧٨، ومالك ٢/ ٤٨٥.","vol":"7","page":519},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1611>بابُ ما ورَدَ في نَهىِ النِّساءِ عن اتّباعِ الجَنائزِ</span>\n\n٧٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: نُهينا عن اتَّباعِ الجَنائزِ ولَم يُعزَمْ عَلَينا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"مِن وجهَينِ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو على الزُوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سَلمانَ، عن دينارٍ أبى عُمَرَ، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النَبِيَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ في جِنازَةٍ فرأَى نِسوَةً جُلوسًا فقالَ: \"ما يُجلِسُكُنَّ؟ \". فقُلنَ: الجِنازَةُ. فقالَ: \"أتَحمِلنَ في مَن يَحمِلُ؟ \". قُلنَ: لا. قال: \"فتُدْلينَ في مَن يُدْلِى؟ \". قُلنَ: لا. قال: \"فغْسِلنَ فيمَن يَغسِلُ؟ \". قُلنَ: لا. قال: \"فارجِعنَ مأزوراتٍ غَيرَ مأجورات\". وفِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٧٧) من طريق هثام بن حسان به. وأخرجه البخارى (١٢٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣١٦٧) من طريق حفصة به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٠٣) من طريق محمد بن سيرين عن أم عطية.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٣٨/ ٣٥).","vol":"7","page":520},{"text":"حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىِّ: \"مَوزوراتٍ\" (^١).\n\n٧٢٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن إسرائيلَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بنِسوَةٍ فقالَ: \"ما لَكنَّ؟ \". قُلنَ: نَنتَظِرُ الجِنارة فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فتَحثينَ في مَن يَحثو؟ \". قُلنَ: لا. ولَم يَذْكُرِ الغَسلَ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٨٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقريُّ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَبيعَةُ بنُ سَيفٍ المَعافِرِىُّ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عمرٍو، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه رأَى فاطِمَةَ ابنَتَه -﵂- فقالَ لَها: \"مِن أينَ أقبَلتِ يا فاطِمَةُ؟ \". فقالَت: أقبَلتُ مِن وراءِ جِنازَةِ هَذا الرَّجُلِ. قال: \"هَل بَلَغتِ مَعَهُمُ الكدَى؟ \". فقالَت: لا، وكَيفَ أبلُغُها وقَد سَمِعتُ مِنكَ ما سَمِعتُ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"والّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو بَلَغتِها مَعَهُم ما رأَيتِ الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَراها جَدُّ أبيكِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٥٧٨) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٧: دينار تركه الأزدى، وإسماعيل ضعفه غير واحد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٦/ ٢٩٠ من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد القرشى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٨٢) عن عبد الله بن يزيد به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٨: هذا منكر، تفرد به ربيعة، وقد غمزه البخارى وغيره بأنه صاحب مناكير. اهـ. وتقدم في (٧١٧١).","vol":"7","page":521},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1612>بابُ ما ورَدَ في نَهيِهِنَّ عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ</span>\n\n٧٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ زَوّاراتِ القُبورِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبوَنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بَهْمانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن أبيه قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زوّاراتِ القُبورِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صالِحٍ وقَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٤٩)، والترمذى (١٠٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٥٧٦)، وا بن حبان (٣١٧٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٥٧)، وابن ماجه (١٥٧٤) من طريق قبيصة به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٨: ابن بهمان مجهول، لكن صحح الترمذى الأول.","vol":"7","page":522},{"text":"كان كَبِرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زائراتِ (^١) القُبورِ والمُتَّخِذاتِ عَلَيها المَساجِدَ والسُّرُجَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفِي رِوايَتِهِما: زوّاراتِ القُبورِ والمُتَّخِذينَ عَلَيها المَساجِدَ والسُّرُجَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1613>بابُ ما ورَدَ في دُخولِهِنَّ في عُمومِ قَوله: \"فزورُوها</span>\"\n\n٧٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِنهالٍ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا بِسطامُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ يَزيدَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَ عائشةَ -﵂- أقبَلَت ذاتَ يَومٍ مِنَ المَقابِرِ فقُلتُ لَها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، مِن أينَ أقبَلتِ؟ قالَت: مِن قَبرِ أخِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ. فقُلتُ لَها: ألَيسَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ؟ قالَت: نَعَم، كان نَهَى، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بزيارَتِها (^٣) تَفَرَّدَ به بِسطامُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ البَصرِىُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٢٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حُمَيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣:\"زوارات\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٨٥٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٢٠)، والنسائى (٢٠٤٢)، وابن ماجه (١٥٧٥)، وابن حبان (٣١٧٩، ٣١٨٠) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (٢٠٣٠، ٢٦٠٣، ٢٩٨٤، ٣١١٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٦) من طريق شعبة به. ولفظ: \"زوارات\" عند الترمذى وحده. ولفظ: \"المتخذات\". لفظ الطيالسى وابن حبان.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٦. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٨٧١)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٢/ ٤٠٩ عن محمد بن المنهال به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٢٥ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأخرجه ابن ماجه بمعناه (١٥٧٠) من طريق روح عن بسطام به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٢٨ عن بسطام: ورواه عنه روح بن عبادة، وما ضعف هذا الرجل.","vol":"7","page":523},{"text":"ابنِ حامِدٍ العَدلُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن على بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- كانَت تَزورُ قَبرَ عَمِّها حَمزَةَ كُل جُمُعَةٍ فتُصَلِّى وتَبكِى عِندَه (^١). كَذا قالَ، وقَد قيلَ: عنه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن أبيه، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، دونَ ذِكرِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن أبيه فيه، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوّينا في الحديث الثابِتِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بامرأَةٍ عِندَ قَبرٍ وهِىَ تَبكِى فقالَ لَها: \"اتَّقِى اللَّهَ واصبِرِى\" (^٢). ولَيسَ في الخَبَرِ أنَّه نَهاها عن الخُروجِ إلَى المَقبُرَةِ، وفِى ذَلِكَ تَقويَةٌ لِما رُوّينا عن عائشةَ -﵂-. إلَّا أنَّ أصَحَّ ما رُوىَ في ذَلِكَ صَريحًا حَديثُ أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ (^٣) وما يوافِقُه مِنَ الأخبارِ، فلَو تنَزَّهنَ عن اتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ والخُروجِ إلَى المَقابِرِ وزيارَةِ القُبورِ كان أبرأَ لِدينِهِنَّ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1614>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا دَخَلَ مَقبُرَةً</span>\n\n٧٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ المَقابِرِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَ نِى العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أتَى المَقبُرَةَ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٧ وفيه: تميم بن محمد. بدلا من: عثمان بن محمد.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٨٠، ٥٧٠٣).","vol":"7","page":524},{"text":"\"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم دارَ قَومٍ مُؤمِنينَ، وإنّا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بكُم لاحِقونَ، ودِدتُ أنّا قَد رأَينا إخوانَنا\". قالوا: أوَلَسنا إخوانَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"بَل أنتُم أصحابِى، وإِخوانِى الَّذينَ لَم يأتُوا بَعدُ\". قالوا: كَيفَ تَعرِفُ مَن لَم يأتِ بَعدُ مِن أُمَّتِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أرأَيتَ لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا لة خَيلٌ غُرٌّ مُحَجَّلونَ بَينَ ظَهرَىْ خَيلٍ دُهمٍ بُهم، ألا يَعرِفُ خَيلَهُ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فإِنَّهُم يأتونَ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلينَ مِنَ الوُضوءِ، وأَنا فرَطُهُم على الحَوضِ، ألا لَيُذادَنَّ رِجالٌ عن حَوضِى كما يُذادُ البعيرُ الضّالُّ، أُناديهِم: ألا هَلُمَّ. فيُقالُ: إنَّهُم قَد بَدَّلوا بَعدَكَ. فأَقولُ: سُحقًا سُحقًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَدَنِىُّ، عن شَريكِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كُلَّما كان لَيلَتُها مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَخرُجُ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ إلَى البَقيعِ فيَقولُ: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم دارَ قَومٍ مُؤمِنينَ، وأَتاكُم ما توعَدونَ غَدًا مُؤَجَّلونَ، وإنّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٥٣٧. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥٠٢) عن يحعى بن أيوب به. وابن خزيمة (٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. ومالك ١/ ٣٨ من طريق العلاء به. وتقدم في (٣٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٩).","vol":"7","page":525},{"text":"إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بكُم لاحِقونَ. اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لأهلِ تقيعِ الغَرقَدِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيىَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ رَجُل مِن قُرَيشٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ محمدَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ أنَّه قال يَومًا: ألا أُحَدِّثُكُم عَنِّى وعن أُمِّى؟ فظَنَنّا أنَّه يُريدُ أُمَّه التى ولَدَته، قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ألا أُحَدِّثُكُم عَنِّى وعن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في خُروجِه إلَى البَقيعِ ورُجوعِه، قالَت: وكَيفَ أقولُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: قولى: \"السَّلامُ على أهلِ الدّيارِ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، ويَرحَمُ اللَّهُ المُستقدِمينَ مِنّا والمُستأخِرينَ، وإنّا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُم لَلَاحِقونَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ وحَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيىَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ وأَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٢٠٣٨) من طريق إسماعيل به. أحمد (٢٥٤٧١)، وأبو داود- كما في تحفة الأشراف ١٢/ ٢٤١ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٤/ ١٠٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٣٧٩)، وأحمد (٢٥٨٥٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٩٧٣)، وابن حبان (٧١١٠) من طريق ابن جريج عن عبد الله بن كثير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٧٤/ ١٠٣).","vol":"7","page":526},{"text":"أسمَعُ قال: أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُهُم إذا دَخَلوا المَقابِرَ فكانَ قائلُهُم يقولُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكم أهلَ الدّيارِ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، إنّا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بكُم لاحِقونَ، نَسألُ اللَّهَ لَنا ولَكُمُ العافيَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى أحمدَ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأسَدِيِّ الزُّبَيرِيِّ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ عن الثَّورِيِّ، فزادَ فيه شَيئًا:\n\n٧٢٩٣ - حَدَّثَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ ابنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُهُم إذا خَرَجوا إلَى المَقابِرِ: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم أهلَ الدّيارِ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ والمُسلِمينَ، وإنّا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بكُم لاحِقونَ، أنتُم لَنا فرَطٌ ونَحنُ لَكُم تَبَعٌ، نَسألُ اللَّهَ العافيَةَ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَة عن عَلقَمَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٣٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٥٤٧) من طريق أبى أحمد به. وأحمد (٢٣٠٣٩)، وأبو داود- كما في تحفة الأشراف ٢/ ٧١، وابن حبان (٣١٧٣) عن طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٠٥). وأخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (١٥٥٥) عن طريق أبى طاهر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٢٠٣٩) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"7","page":527},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1615>بابُ النَّهىِ عن الجُلوسِ على القُبورِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- في النَّهىِ عن ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٧٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ بنَيسابورَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لأنْ يَجلِسَ أحَدُكُم على جَمرَة أو على نارٍ فتَحرِقَ ثيابَه حَتَّى تَخلُصَ إلَيه، خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَجلِسَ على قَبرٍ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ عليٍّ: \"لأنْ يَجلِسَ أحَدُكُم على جَمرَة فتَحرِقَ ثيابَه حَتَّى تَصِلَ إلَى جِلدِه، خَيرٌ لَه مِن أن يَجلِسَ على قَبر\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٨٤٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٠٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٨)، والنسائى (٢٠٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٥٦٦)، وابن حبان (٣١٦٦) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧١).","vol":"7","page":528},{"text":"ابنِ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ موسَى الأنصارِىُّ وداوُدُ بنُ مِخْراقٍ الفارَيابِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي بُسرُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ اللَّيثِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَجلِسوا على القُبورِ ولا تُصَلّوا إلَيها\". لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلَّا أنَّ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ مَزيَدٍ: عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوىُّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن ابنِ جابِرٍ عن بُسرٍ عن أبى إدريسَ الخَوْلانِيِّ عن واثِلَةَ. وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣). ورُوّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ في كَراهيَةِ ذَلِكَ والتَّشديدِ فيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1616>بابُ المَشىِ بَينَ القُبورِ في النَّعلِ </span>(^٥)\n\n٧٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢١٥)، والترمذى (١٠٥١)، والنسائي (٧٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وأبو داود (٣٢٢٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٢/ ٩٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٣٣٣).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١١٨٨٤)، وشرح المعانى ١/ ٥١٧، والمحلى ٥/ ٢٠١، والمعرفة للمصنف ٥/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٣٠: منهى عنه.","vol":"7","page":529},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ النَّحوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ سُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنى بَشيرُ بنُ نَهيكٍ قال: حَدَّثَنى بَشيرٌ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكانَ اسمُه فى الجاهِليَّةِ زَحْمَ بنَ مَعبَدٍ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما اسمُكَ؟ \". قال: زَحمُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ. قال: \"أنتَ بَشيرٌ\". فكانَ اسمَه - قال: بَينا أنا أُماشِى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يا ابنَ الخَصاصيَةِ ما أصبَحتَ تَنقِمُ على اللَّهِ؟ تُماشِى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-\". فقُلتُ: ما أنقِمُ على الله شَيئًا، كُل خَيرٍ فعَلَ بىَ اللهُ. فأَتَى على قُبورِ المُشرِكينَ فقالَ: \"لَقَد سُبِقَ هَؤُلاءِ بخَيرٍ كَثيرٍ\". ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، ثُمَّ أتَى على قُبورِ المُسلِمينَ فقالَ: \"لَقَد أدرَكَ هَؤُلاءِ خَيرًا كثيرًا\". ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، فبَينَما هو يَمشِى إذ حانَت مِنه نَظرَةٌ، فإِذا برَجُلٍ يَمشِى بَينَ القُبورِ عَلَيه نَعلانِ فقالَ: \"يا صاحِبَ السَّبتِيَّتَينِ (^١) ويحَكَ ألقِ سِبتِيَّتَيكَ\". فنَظَرَ فلَمّا عَرَفَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَلَعَ نَعلَيه فرَمَى بهِما (^٢).\nوهَذا حَديثٌ قَد رَواه جَماعَة عن الأسوَدِ بنِ شَيبانَ ولا يُعرَفُ إلا بهَذا الإِسنادِ.\nوثابِتٌ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ما:\n\n٧٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بكسر السين، نسبة إلى السبت: وهو جلود البقر المدبوغة. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٠.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٧٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣٢٣٠)، والنسائى (٢٠٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٥٦٨)، وابن حبان (٣١٧٠) من طريق شيبان به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٣١: إسناده صالح، وبشير وإن كان قد قال فيه أبو حاتم: ليس بحجة. فقد أخرج له البخارى ومسلم.","vol":"7","page":530},{"text":"يَعقوبَ العَدل، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ العَبدَ إذا وُضِعَ فى قَبرِه وتَوَلَّى عنه أصحابُه إنَّه لَيَسمَعُ قَرعَ نِعالِهِم، يأتيه (^١) مَلكانِ فيقولانِ: ما كُنتَ تقولُ فى هَذا الرَّجُلِ؟ يَعنِى محمدًا -ﷺ-. قال: فأَمّا المُؤمِنُ فيقولُ: أشهَدُ (^٢) أنَّه عبدُ اللهِ ورسولُه. فيقالُ له: انظُر إلَى مَقعَدِكَ فى النّارِ قَد أبدَلَكَ اللهُ مَقعَدًا فى الجَنَّةِ. فيَراهُما جَميعًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ (^٤).\nفيَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- رأَى بنَعلَيه قَذَرًا فأَمَرَه أن يَخلَعَهُما لأجلِ ذَلِكَ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1617>بابُ النَّهيِ عن أن يُبنَى على القَبِر مَسجِدٌ</span>\n\n٧٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ،\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فيأتيه\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"آمنت\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى إثبات عذاب القبر (١٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٣١) في طريق عبد الوهاب به مختصرًا. وأحمد (١٢٢٧١)، والنسائى (٢٠٥٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٧٠/ ٧٢)، والبخاري (١٣٣٨، ١٣٧٤).","vol":"7","page":531},{"text":"عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"قاتَلَ اللَّهُ اليَهودَ؛ اتَّخَذوا قُبورَ أنبيائِهم مَساجِدَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَني عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عائشةَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- قالا: لَمّا نُزِلَ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- طَفِقَ يَطرَحُ خَميصَةً له على وجهِه، فإِذا اغتَمَّ (^٣) بها كَشَفَها عن وجهِه، ثُمَّ قال وهو كَذَلِكَ: \"لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى؛ اتَّخَذوا قُبورَ أنبيائِهم مَساجِدَ\". يُحَذِّرُ مِثلَ ما صَنَعوا (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُهرِيِّ (^٥).\n\n٧٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ وأبو زَكَريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ حَمَكٍ الشّاذْياخِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٢٧)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٩٢ (١٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٧١٦) بلفظ: \"لعن الله اليهود ... \"، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٠٩٢)، وابن حبان (٢٣٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣٧)، ومسلم (٥٣٠/ ٢٠).\n(^٣) اغتم: أى احتبس نَفَسُه عن الخروج. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (١٤٤٣) عن أبى اليمان به. وأحمد (١٨٨٤)، والبخارى (٣٤٥٣، ٣٤٥٤)، والنسائى (٧٠٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٣٥، ٤٣٦)، ومسلم (٥٣١).","vol":"7","page":532},{"text":"وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: لَمّا كان مَرَضُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَذاكَرَ بَعضُ نِسائِه كَنيسَةً بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ يُقالَ لَها: ماريَةُ. وقَد كانَت أُمُّ سلَمةَ وأُمُّ حَبيبَةَ -﵄- قَد أتَتا أرضَ الحَبَشَةِ، فذَكَرتا مِن حُسنِها وتَصاويرِها. قالَت: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أولَئكِ إذا كان فيهِمُ الرَّجُلُ الصّالِحُ بَنَوْا على قَبرِه مَسجِدًا، ثُمَّ صَوَّروا فيه تِلكَ الصُّوَرَ، أولَئكِ شِرارُ الخَلقِ عِندَ اللَّهِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ السابعُ\nويتلوه الجزءُ الثامنُ\nوأولُه: كتابُ الزكاةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٥٢)، والنسائى (٧٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٧٩٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٧، ٤٣٤، ١٣٤١، ٣٨٧٣)، ومسلم (٥٢٨).","vol":"7","page":533},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1618>كتاب الزكاة</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥].\n\n٧٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ﵀، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ - يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ- قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّث عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"بُنِىَ الإِسلامُ على خَمسٍ؛ شَهادَةِ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، وِإقامِ الصَّلاةِ، وإيتاءِ الزَّكاةِ، وحَجِّ البَيتِ، وصومِ رَمَضانَ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٩٧٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٢٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٩) من طريق عاصم به. وتقدم فى (١٦٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦/ ٢١).","vol":"8","page":5},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1619>باب ما ورد من الوعيد فيمَن كَنَزَ مالَ زَكاةٍ ولَم يُؤَدِّ زَكاتَهُ</span>\n\n٧٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى الرّازِىُّ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِى، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن آتاه اللَّهُ مالًا فلَم يُؤَدِّ زَكاتَه، مُثِّلَ له يَومَ القيامَةِ شُجاعٌ أقرَعُ له زَبيبتانِ (^١) يُطَوَّقُه يَومَ القيامَةِ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ بلِهْزِمَتَيه -يَعنِى شِدْقَيه- ثمَّ يقولُ: أنا مالُكَ، أنا كَنزُكَ\". ثم تَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ (^٢) الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ (^٣) [آل عمران: ١٨٠]. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ (^٤).\nورَواه مالكٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الشجاع الأقرع هو الحية الذكر، وقيل: كل حية شجاع، والزبيبتان: هما زبيبتان فى جانبى شدقى الحية من السم، وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٩، ٢/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) كذا بالتاء وهى قراءة حمزة. وقرأ الباقون بالياء. حجة القراءات ص ١٨٣.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٢١١). وأخرجه البخارى (٤٥٦٥) من طريق أبى النضر به. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٦٦١)، والنسائى (٢٤٨١) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٠٣).\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٢٥٦، ٢٥٧.","vol":"8","page":6},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مَرفوعًا:\n\n٧٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، سَمِعَ جامِعَ (^١) بنَ أبى راشِدٍ وعَبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ أعيَنَ، سَمِعا أبا وائلٍ يُخبِرُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن رَجُلٍ لا يؤَدِّى زَكاةَ ماله، إلَّا مُثِّلَ له يوم القيامَةِ شُجاعًا أقرَعَ، يَفِرُّ مِنه وهو يَتبعُه حَتَّى يَطَّوَّقَه فى عُنقِه\". ثُمَّ قرأَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى ويَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ الهَرَوِىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ كَنزٍ لا يؤَدِّى زَكاتَه إلَّا أُحمِىَ عَلَيه فى نارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فيُجعَلُ صَفائحَ، فتُكوَى (^٣) بها جَنْباه وجَبينه، حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللَّهُ بَينَ عِبادِه، فى يَومٍ كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنةٍ مِمّا تَعُدّونَ، ثمَّ يُرَى\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٣: \"جابر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢١٠)، والشافعى ٢/ ٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٧٧)، والترمذى (٣٠١٢)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٥٦) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أحمد والنسائى وابن خزيمة دون ذكر عبد الملك. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٣٣: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فيكوى\".","vol":"8","page":7},{"text":"سَبيلَه إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وِإمّا إلَى النّارِ، وما مِن صاحِبِ إبِل لا يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَها، إلَّا بُطِحَ (^١) لَها بقاع قَرقَرٍ (^٢) كأَوفَرِ ما كانَت، تُسَيَّرُ عَلَيه، كُلَّما مَضَى أُخراها رُدَّت عَلَيه أُولاها، حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللَّهُ بَينَ عِبادِه، فى يَوم كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنة مِمّا تَعُدّونَ، ثُمَّ يُرَى سَبيلَه إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وِإمّا إلَى النّارِ، وما مِن صاحِبِ غَنَمٍ لا يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَها، إلَّا بُطِحَ لَها بقاعٍ قَرقَرٍ كأَوفَرِ ما كانَت، فتَطَؤُه بأَظلافِها (^٣) وتَنطَحُه بقُرونِها، لَيسَ فيها عَقصاءُ (^٤) ولا جَلحاءُ (^٥)، كُلَّما مَضَى عَلَيه أُخراها رُدَّت عَلَيه أُولاها، حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللَّهُ بَينَ عِبادِه، فى يَومٍ كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنة مِمّا تَعُدّونَ، ثُمَّ يُرَى سَبيلَه إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وِإمّا إلَى النّارِ\". قال سُهَيلٌ: فلا أدرِى أذَكَرَ البَقَرَ أم لا. قالوا: فالخَيلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الخَيلُ فى نَواصيها الخَيرُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ -أو قال: الخَيلُ مَعقودٌ بنَواصيها الخَيرُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ- قال سُهَيلٌ: أنا أشُكُّ -الخَيلُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ فهِىَ لِرَجُلٍ أجرٌ، ولِرَجُل سِترٌ، وعَلَى رَجُل وِزرٌ؛ فأَمّا الَّذِى هِىَ له أجرٌ، فالرَّجُلُ يَتَّخِذُها فى سَبيلِ اللهِ ويُعِدُّها له، فلا يُغَيِّبُ شَيئًا فى بُطونِها إلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ له بها أجرًا، ولَو رَعاها فى مَرْجٍ (^٦) ما أكَلَت مِن شَئٍ إلَّا كَتبَ اللَّهُ له بها أجرًا، ولَو سَقاها مِن نَهَرٍ كان له بكُلِّ قَطرَة تُغَيِّبُها فى بُطونِها أجرٌ -حَتَى ذَكَرَ الأجرَ فى أبوالِها وأَرواثِها- ولَوِ استَنَّت شَرَفًا أو شَرَفَينِ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) أى: أُلْقِى لدوسها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٧.\n(^٢) القاع: المستوى الصلب الواسع من الأرض، والقرقر بنحوه. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨١، ١٩٧.\n(^٣) الظِّلْف للبقر والغنم كالحافر للفرس والبغل، والخف للبعير. النهاية ٣/ ١٥٩.\n(^٤) العقصاء: الملتوية القرن. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٧٩.\n(^٥) الجلحاء: هى التى لا قرن لها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٦) المرج: أرض فيها نبات. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٧٦.\n(^٧) استنت: جرت، والشرف: العالى من الأرض. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٦٧.","vol":"8","page":8},{"text":"[كُتِبَ له بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ تَخطوها أجرٌ] (^١)، وأَمّا الَّذِى هِىَ له سِترٌ، فالرَّجُل يَتَّخِذُها تَكَرُّمًا وتَجَمُلًا، ولا يَنسَى حَقَّ اللَّهِ فى ظُهورِها وبُطونِها فى عُسرِها ويُسرِها، وأَمّا الَّذِى هى عَلَيه وِزرٌ فالَّذِى يَتَّخِذُها أشَرًا وبَطَرًا وبَذَخًا ورياءً للنّاسِ، فذاكَ الَّذِى عَلَيه وِزرٌ\". قالوا: فالحُمُرُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"ما أنزَلَ اللَّه عليَّ فيها شَيئًا الَّا هذه الآيَةَ الجامِعَةَ الفاذَّةَ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ (^٢) [الزلزلة: ٧، ٨] \". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ (^٣).\nورَواه حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن أبى صالِحٍ، سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ ولا فِضَّةٍ لا يؤَدِّى مِنها حَقَّها\". فذَكَرَه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الإِبِلَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ البَقَرَ والغَنَمَ (^٤).\n\n٧٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"كتب الله له بكل خطوة تخطوها أجرًا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٨٨) عن محمد بن عبد الملك به. وأحمد (٨٩٧٧)، ومسلم (٩٨٧/ ...)، وأبو داود (١٦٥٨)، والترمذى (١٦٣٦)، والنسائى (٣٥٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٥٢) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٦).\n(^٤) سيأتى من طريق حفص بن ميسرة فى (٧٤٩٣، ١٣٢٤٣)، ومن طريق هشام بن سعد فى (٧٨٦٣).","vol":"8","page":9},{"text":"حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لاوِى الصَّدَقَةِ (^١) مَلعونٌ على لِسانِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عامِرٍ العُقَيلِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عُرِضَ عليَّ أوَّلُ ثَلاثَة يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ، وأَوَّلُ ثَلَاثة يَدخُلونَ النّارَ؛ فأَمّا أوَّلُ ثَلَاثة يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ: فالشَهيدُ، وعَبدٌ أدَّى حَق اللَّهِ ونَصَحَ لِسَيِّدِه، وفَقيرٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذو عيالٍ، وأَمّا أوَّلُ ثَلاثَة يَدخُلونَ النّارَ: فسُلطانٌ مُسَلَّطٌ، وذو ثَروَة مِنَ المالِ لَم يُعطِ حَقَّ مالِه، وفَقيرٌ فخورٌ (^٤) \".\n\n٧٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن السُّدَىِّ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى قَولِه:\n_________\n(^١) لاوى الصدقة: أى المماطل بها. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٧٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٨١)، والنسائى (٥١١٧)، وابن حبان (٣٢٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى فى (١٧٨٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشاشى (٨٥٧) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"فجور\". والحديث عند المصنف فى شعب الإيمان (٨٦١٠)، والطيالسى (٢٦٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٤٩) من طريق هشام به. والترمذي (١٦٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به مقتصرًا على أهل الجنة. وقال الترمذى: حسن. وإسناده ضعيف. ينظر تحقيق الطيالسى.","vol":"8","page":10},{"text":"﴿الْمَاعُونَ﴾ [الماعون: ٧] قال: الزَّكاةُ المَفروضَةُ (^١). وهَذا القَولُ أيضًا رُوِّيناه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٢)، وهو إحدَى الروايَتَينِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣)، وهو قَولُ أبى العاليَةِ والحَسَنِ ومُجاهِدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1620>بابُ تَفسيِر الكَنزِ الَّذِى ورَدَ الوَعيدُ فيهِ</span>\n\n٧٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعْلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجِستانِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أسلَمَ -وهو أخو زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ- قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ نَمشِى، فلَحِقَنا أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: أنتَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: سأَلتُ عَنكَ فدُلِلتُ عَلَيكَ، فأَخبِرْنِى أتَرِثُ العَمَّةُ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: لا أدرِى. فقالَ: أنتَ ابنُ عُمَرَ ولا تَدرِى؟! وقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: أنتَ لا تَدرِى ولا نَدرِى. قال: نَعَم، اذهَبْ إلَى العُلَماءِ بالمَدينَةِ فسَلْهُم. فلَمّا أدبَرَ قَبَّلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَدَيه، فقالَ: نِعِمّا قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؛ يُسأَلُ عَمّا لا يَدرِى فقالَ: لا أدرِى. فقالَ الأعرابِىُّ: يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٤]. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: مَن كَنَزَهُما ولَم يُؤَدِّ زَكاتَهُما فوَيلٌ لَه، إنَّما كان هَذا قَبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الزَّكاةُ، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٦٦، ٦٦٧ من طريق السدى به.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٧٨٧٢، ٧٨٧٣).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (٧٨٧١).\n(^٤) ينظر قول الحسن ومجاهد فى تفسير ابن جرير ٢٤/ ٦٦٧، ٦٦٩، ٦٧٠. وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٢٢٠٩) عن أبى العالية.","vol":"8","page":11},{"text":"نَزَلَت جَعَلَها اللهُ طُهرَةً للأموالِ. ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: ما أُبالِى لَو كان لِى مِثلُ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أعلَمُ عَدَدَه وأُزَكّيه وأَعمَلُ فيه بطاعَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مُختَصَرًا فقالَ: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ. وأَعادَه فى التَّفسيرِ عن أحمدَ [بنِ شبيبٍ] (^٢).\n\n٧٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُل ما (^٣) أُدّيَتْ زَكاتُه وإِن كان تَحتَ سَبعِ أرَضينَ فلَيسَ بكَنزٍ، وكُلُّ مالٍ لا تُؤَدَّى زَكاتُه فهو كَنزٌ، وإِن كان ظاهِرًا على وجهِ الأرضِ (^٤). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن نافِعٍ (^٥)، وجَماعَةٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١٢٥٥)، والأربعين الصغرى (٦١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٨٧) من طريق الزهرى به مقتصرًا على ذكر الزكاة.\n(^٢) زيادة من: م.\nوالحديث فى البخارى (١٤٠٤، ٤٦٦١).\n(^٣) فى ص ٣: \"مال\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: صوابه \"مال\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٢٤٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٤٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١١/ ٤٢٥، ٤٢٦، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٠٠٨١) من طرق عن نافع به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٤١، ٧١٤٢)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١١/ ٤٢٦ من طرق عن عبيد الله بن عمر به.","vol":"8","page":12},{"text":"وقَد رَواه سوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ولَيس بالقَوِيِّ (^١) عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n\n٧٣١١ - وأخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٧٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وهو يُسأَلُ عن الكَنزِ فقالَ: هو المالُ الَّذِى لا تُؤَدَّى مِنه الزَّكاةُ (^٤). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٧٣١٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ زيادٍ المِصّيصِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ ما أُدِّىَ زَكاتُه فلَيسَ بكَنزٍ، وإِن كان مَدفونًا تَحتَ الأرضِ، وكلُّ ما لا يُؤَدَّى زَكاتُه فهو كَنزٌ، وإِن كان\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته فى (١١٣٢).\n(^٢) فى م: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١٢٦٢ من طريق هشام بن عمار به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٢٧٩)، وابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٦٢ من طريق سويد به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢١٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٥٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"8","page":13},{"text":"ظاهِرًا\". لَيسَ هَذا بمَحفوظٍ، وإِنَّما المَشهورُ عن سُفيانَ: عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n٧٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عَجلانَ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ، أنَّها كانَت تَلبَسُ أوضاحًا (^٣) مِن ذَهَبٍ، فسأَلَت عن ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: أكَنزٌ هو؟ فقالَ: \"إذا أَدَّيتِ زَكاتَه فلَيسَ بكَنزٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا غَيلانُ يَعنِى ابنَ جامِعٍ، عن عثمانَ أبى اليَقْظانِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ﴾ هذه الآيَةُ، كَبُرَ ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ وقالوا: ما يَستَطيعُ أحَدٌ مِنّا يَدَعُ لِوَلَدِه مالًا يَبقَى بَعدَه. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أنا أُفَرِّجُ عَنكُم. قالوا: فانْطَلِقْ (^٥). فانطَلَقَ عُمَرُ -﵁- واتَّبَعَه ثَوبانُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٣: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن كثير ٤/ ٨٠.\n(^٣) هى نوع من الحلى يعمل من الفضة، سميت به لبياضها، ثم استعملت فى التى تعمل من الذهب أيضًا. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٦/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٦٤) من طريق ثابت بن عجلان به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٣).\n(^٥) سقط من: س، م.","vol":"8","page":14},{"text":"فأَتَيا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، إنَّه قَد كَبُرَ على أصحابِكَ هذه الآيَةُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ لَم يَفرِضِ الزَّكاةَ إلَّا ليُطَيِّبَ بها ما بَقِىَ مِن أموالِكُم، وإِنَّما فرَضَ المَواريت فى أموالٍ تَبقَى بَعدَكُم\". قال: فكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، ثُمَّ قال: \"ألَا أُخبِرُكَ بخَيرِ ما يَكنِزُ المَرءُ؟ المَرأَةُ الصّالِحَةُ، إذا نَظَرَ إلَيها سَرَّته، وإذا أمَرَها أطاعَته، وإذا غابَ عَنها حَفِظَته\" (^١).\n\n٧٣١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى ابنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ إسنادِه (^٢). وقَصَّرَ به بَعضُ الرُّواةِ عن يَحيَى فلَم يَذكُرْ فى إسنادِه عثمانَ أبا اليَقْظانِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1621>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ مَن أدَّى فرضَ اللَّهِ فى الزَّكاةِ فلَيسَ علَيه أكثَرُ مِنه إلَّا أن يَتَطَوَّعَ سِوَى ما مَضَى فى البابِ قَبلَهُ</span>\n\n٧٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدِ بنِ حَيّانَ يَعنِى التَّيمِىَّ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، دُلَّنِى على عَمَلٍ إذا عَمِلتُه دَخَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٨٥٥) عن الترقفى به. وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٨٨ (١٠٠٨٠)، وأبو يعلى (٢٤٩٩) من طريق يحيى بن يعلى به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٣٦: عثمان ضعفوه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٣٠٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٦٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠٨، ٤٠٩ من طريق يحيى بن يعلى به. وضعفه الألبانى فى أبى داود (٣٦٣).","vol":"8","page":15},{"text":"الجَنَّةَ. قال: \"تَعبُدُ اللَّهَ لا تُشرِكُ به شَيئًا، وتُقيمُ الصَّلاةَ -يَعنِى المَكتوبَةَ- وتُؤتِى الزَّكاةَ المَفروضَة، وتَصومُ رَمَضانَ\". قال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أزيدُ على هَذا. فلَمّا أدبَرَ قال: \"مَن أرادَ أن يَنظُرَ إلَى رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ الجَنَّةِ فليَنظُر إلَى هَذا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيم عن عَفّانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىِّ عن عَفّانَ (^٢). وحَديثُ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ فى قِصَّةِ الأعرابِىِّ قَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n٧٣١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِى -ﷺ-، قال: \"إذا أدَّيتَ زَكاةَ مالِكَ فقَد أذهَبتَ عَنكَ شَرَّه\" (^٤). كَذا رَواه ابنُ وهبِ بهَذا الِإسنادِ مَرفوعًا، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\nورَواه عيسَى بنُ مَثْرودٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ مِن قَولِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ.\n\n٧٣١٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥١٥) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٣٩٧)، ومسلم (١٤).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٧١٢، ٤٥٠٦).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٥٨، ٢٤٧٠) عن يونس به.","vol":"8","page":16},{"text":"سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقول: إذا أدَّيتَ زَكاةَ كَنزِكَ فقَد ذَهَبَ شَرُّه (^١). فذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا، وهَذا أصَحُّ.\nوقَد رُوىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٧٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابن وهبٍ، عن عمرو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن دَرّاجٍ أبى السَّمْحِ، عن ابنِ حُجَيرَةَ الأكبَرِ الخَوْلانِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أدَّيتَ الزَّكاةَ فقَد قضَيتَ ما عَلَيكَ، ومَن جَمعَ مالًا حَرامًا ثُمَّ تَصَدَّقَ به لَم يَكن له فيه أجرٌ، وكانَ إصرُه عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n٧٣٢١ - وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عُذافِرٍ البَصرِىِّ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا: \"مَن أدَّى زَكاةَ مالِه فقَد أدَّى الحَقَّ الَّذِى عَلَيه، ومَن زادَ فهو أفضَلُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، حدثنا اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٧٣٢٢ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ، عن عامِرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٤٥) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٢١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٩٠. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٢١٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وابن ماجه (١٧٨٨) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٣٩٦).\n(^٣) المراسيل (١٣٠).","vol":"8","page":17},{"text":"عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّها سأَلَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أو قالَت: سُئلَ- عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَعْلُومٌ﴾ [المعارج: ٢٤]. قال: \"إنَّ فى هَذا المالِ حَقًّا سِوَى الزَّكاةِ\". وتَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ذَوي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَالسَّائِلِينَ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ١٧٧]. فهَذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بأَبِى حَمزَةَ مَيمونٍ الأعوَرِ كوفِىٌّ، وقَد جَرَحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ فمَن بَعدَهُما مِن حُفّاظِ الحَديثِ (^٢).\nوالَّذِى يَرويه أصحابُنا فى التَّعاليقِ: \"لَيسَ فى المالِ حَقٌّ سِوَى الزَّكاةِ\" (^٣) فلَستُ أحفَظُ فيه إسنادًا، والَّذِى رُوىَ (^٤) فى مَعناه ما قَدَّمتُ ذِكرَه. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (١٦٧٧)، والترمذى (٦٥٩) من طريق شريك به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث إسناده ليس بذاك، وأبو حمزة ميمون الأعور يضعف.\n(^٢) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٣/ ١٢٤ (٤٥٢٨)، وتاريخ يحيى بن معين ٣/ ٥٤٦ (٢٦٦٨ - رواية الدورى). وتقدم فى (٣٤٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٨٩) من طريق شريك كالإسناد السابق، وذكر الشيخ شاكر أن هذا خطأ قديم فى بعض نسخ ابن ماجه. ينظر التعليق على تفسير الطبرى ٣/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٤) فى م: \"رويت\".","vol":"8","page":18},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1622>جِماعُ أبوابِ فرضِ الإبِلِ السَّائمَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1623>بابُ العَدَدِ الَّذى إذا بَلَغَته الإِبِلُ كانَت فيها صَدَقَة</span>\n\n٧٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى صعصعَةَ المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دُونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ (^١) صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ (^٢) مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ (^٣) مِنَ التَّمرِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ أبى حَسَنٍ المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الورق: الفضة. الفائق ٣/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) الذَّوْد من الإبل: ما بين الاثنين إلى تسع. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٣) أوسق: جمع وسق، وهو ستون صاعًا بصاع النبى -ﷺ-. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢١٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥ ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٥٧٥)، والنسائى (٢٤٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٣).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٤٥٩).","vol":"8","page":19},{"text":"الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). قال سفيانُ: الوَقيَّةُ (^٢) أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، وذَكَرَ مَعَهُما الأوساقَ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ القَعنَبِىُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ فيما [دونَ خَمسِ ذَود صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما] (^٤) دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٠٣٠)، والنسائي (٢٤٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في م: \"الأوقية\". والوقية لغة في الأوقية. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٣.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٩/ ١). وليس عنده مقدار الأوقية.\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٦٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٤ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٥٧٦)، والترمذي (٦٢٧)، والنسائي (٢٤٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٥٨) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٦) البخارى (١٤٤٧).","vol":"8","page":20},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1624>بابُ كَيفَ فرْضُ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٧٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ [(ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ] (^١)، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- لَمّا استُخلِفَ وجَّهَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ إلَى البحرَينِ، فكَتَبَ له: بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، [هذه فريضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على المُسلِمينَ، التى أمَرَ اللَّهُ بها رسولَه -ﷺ-] (^١)، فمَن سُئلَها مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ على وجهِها فليُعطِها، ومَن سُئلَ فوقَها فلا يُعطِهِ: \"في أربَع وعِشرينَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فما دونَها الغَنَمُ؛ في كُلِّ خَمسٍ شاةٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا وعِشرينَ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ ففيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ أُنثَى، فإِن لَم تَكُنْ فيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتَّةً وثَلاثينَ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ ففيها ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتَّةً وأَربَعينَ إلَى سِتّينَ ففيها حِقَّةٌ طَروقَةُ الجَمَلِ، فإِذا بَلَغَت إحدَى وسِتّينَ إلَى خَمسة وسَبعينَ ففيها جَذَعَةٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتَّةً وسَبعينَ إلَى تِسعينَ ففيها ابنَتا لَبونٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَت إحدَى وتِسعينَ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الجَمَلِ، فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفِي كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ له إلَّا أربَعٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فلَيسَ فيها شَيءٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا مِنَ الإِبِلِ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.","vol":"8","page":21},{"text":"ففيها شاةٌ\". قال: \"ومَن بَلَغَت عِندَه مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةُ الجَذَعَةِ، ولَيسَت عِندَه جَذَعَةٌ، وعِندَه حِقَّةٌ، فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه ويَجعَلُ مَعَها شاتَينِ إنِ استَيسَرَتا، أو عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا، ومَن بَلَغَت عِندَه صَدَقَةُ الحِقَّةِ، ولَيسَت عِندَه الحِقَّةُ، وعِندَه جَذَعَةٌ فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه الجَذَعَةُ، ويُعطيه المُصَدِّقُ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتَينِ، ومَن بَلَغَت صَدَقَتُه الحِقَّةَ، ولَيسَت عِندَه إلّا بنتُ لَبونٍ، فإنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، ويُعطِى مَعَها شاتَينِ أو عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا، [ومَن بَلَغَت صَدَقَتُه ابنَةَ لَبونٍ ولَيسَت عِندَه، وعِندَه حِقَّةٌ، فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه الحِقَّةُ، ويُعطيه المُصَدِّقُ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتَينِ] (^١)، ومَن بَلَغَت صَدَقَتُه ابنَةَ لَبونٍ ولَيسَت عِندَه وعِندَه بنتُ مَخاضٍ، فإنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ ويُعطِى مَعَها عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتَينِ، وصَدَقَةُ الغَنَمِ في سائمَتِها؛ فإِذا كانَت أربَعينَ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها شاةٌ، فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ مِائتينِ ففيها شاتانِ، فإذا زادَت على المائَتَينِ إلَى ثَلاِثمِائَه [ففيها ثَلاثُ شياهٍ، فإذا زادَتِ الغَنَمُ على ثَلاِثمِائَة] (^١) ففِى كُلِّ مِائَة شاةٌ، ولا يُخرَجُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ، ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ، ولا تَيسٌ (^٢) إلَّا أن يَشاءَ المُصَدِّقُ، فإِذا كانَت سائمَةُ الرَّجُلِ ناقِصَةً مِن أربَعينَ شاةً واحِدَةً فلَيسَ فيها صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها، وفِى الرِّقَةِ (^٣) رُبُعُ العُشرِ، فإِذا لَم يَكُنْ مالٌ إلَّا تِسعينَ ومِائَةً فلَيس فيها صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الغنم\".\n(^٣) الرقة: الفضة والدراهم المضروبة منها، وأصل اللفظة الورق وهى الدراهم المضروبة خاصة، فحذفت الواو وعوض منها الهاء. النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٢٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨١، ٢٢٩٦) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله به.","vol":"8","page":22},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى الأنصارِىِّ مُفَرَّقًا في مَوضِعَينِ (^١).\n\n٧٣٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ ابنِ شَوذَبٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ قال: فحَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- لَمّا استُخلِفَ بَعَثَه إلَى البحرَينِ، وكَتَبَ له هَذا الكِتابَ وخَتَمَه بخاتَمِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وكانَ نَقشُ الخاتَمِ ثَلاثَةَ أسطُرٍ؛ سَطرٌ محمدٌ، وسَطرٌ رسولُ، وسطرٌ اللَّهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِىِّ، ثُمَّ قال البخارىُّ: وزادَنِى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن الأنصارِىِّ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الخاتَمِ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: أخَذتُ هَذا الكِتابَ مِن ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- كَتَبَ له: إنَّ هذه فرائضُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٤٤٨، ١٤٥٣، ١٤٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٢٣)، والدلائل ٧/ ٢٧٦، وهو في حديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى (٥٩) بنحوه. وأخرجه البخارى في خلق أفعال العباد (٣٨٦)، والترمذى (١٧٤٧)، وابن حبان (١٤١٤) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٨٧٨، ٥٨٧٩). وفيه: زادنى أحمد. ولم ينسبه. وقال ابن حجر: لم يذكر أبو على الجيانى أحمد هذا من هو ... ولم أر هذا الحديث في مسند أحمد، فينظر. هدى السارى ص ٢٢٤، وفتح البارى ١٠/ ٣٢٩.","vol":"8","page":23},{"text":"المُسلِمينَ، التى أمَرَ اللَّهُ عَر وجَلَّ بها رسولَه، فمَن سُئِلَها مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على وجهِها فليُعطِها، ومَن سُئِلَ فَوقه فلا يُعطِه: \"فيما دونَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ مِنَ الإبِلِ في كُلِّ خَمسِ ذَودٍ شاةٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا وعِشرينَ ففيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ، فإِن لَم تَكُنِ ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتًّا وثَلاثينَ ففيها بنتُ لَبونٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتًّا وأَربَعينَ ففيها حِقَّةٌ طَروقَةُ الفَحلِ إلَى سِتّينَ، فإذا بَلَغَت واحِدَةً وسِتينَ ففيها جَذَعَةٌ إلَى خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتًّا وسَبعينَ ففيها ابنَتا لَبونٍ إلَى تِسعينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت واحِدَةً وتِسعينَ ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الفَحلِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَة ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفِى كُل خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، فإِذا تَبايَنَ أسنانُ الإِبِلِ وفَرائضُ الصَّدَقاتِ، فمَن بَلَغَت عِندَه صَدَقَةُ الجَذَعَةِ ولَيسَت عِندَه جَذَعَةٌ وعِندَه حِقَّةٌ فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه حِقَّةٌ، ويُجعَلُ مَعَها شاتانِ إنِ استَيسَرَتا له، أو عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا، ومَن بَلَغَت عِندَه صَدَقَةُ الحِقَّةِ ولَيسَت عِندَه إلَّا جَذَعَةٌ فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه، ويُعطيه المُصَدِّقُ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتَينِ، ومَن بَلَغَت عِندَه صَدَقَةُ الحِقَّةِ ولَيسَت عِندَه إلَّا ابنَةُ لَبونٍ فإنها تُقبَلُ مِنه، ويُجعَلُ مَعَها شاتانِ إنِ استَيسَرَتا له، أو عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا، ومَن بَلَغَت عِندَه صَدَقَةُ ابنَةِ لَبونٍ ولَيسَت عِندَه إلَّا حِقَّةٌ فإِنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه، ويُعطيه المُصَدِّقُ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتَينِ، ومَن بَلَغَت صَدَقَتُه ابنَةَ لَبونٍ ولَيسَت عِندَه ابنَةُ لَبونٍ وعِندَه ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ فإنَّها تُقبَلُ مِنه ويُجعَلُ مَعَها شاتانِ إنِ استَيسَرَتا، أو عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا، ومَن بَلَغَت صَدَقتهُ ابنَةَ مَخاضٍ ولَيسَ عِندَه إلّا ابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ فإِنَّه يُقبَلُ مِنه ولَيسَ مَعَه شَيءٌ، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ عِندَه إلَّا أربَعَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فلَيسَ عليه فيها شَئٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها، وفِى صَدَقَةِ الغَنَمِ في سائمَتِها إذا كانَت أربَعينَ ففيها شاةٌ","vol":"8","page":24},{"text":"إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا زادَت ففيها شاتانِ إلَى مِائتَينِ، [فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها ثَلاثُ شياهٍ إلَى ثَلاِثمِائَةٍ] (^١)، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففِى كُلِّ مِائَة شاةٌ، ولا تُؤخَذُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ، ولا تَيسُ الغَنَمِ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ المُصَدِّقُ، ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتفَرِّقٍ ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِع خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بَينَهُما بالسَّويَّةِ، وإذا كانَت سائمَةُ الرَّجُلِ ناقِصَةً مِن أربَعينَ شاةً شاةً واحِدَةً فلَيسَ فيها شَيءٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها، وفِى الرِّقَةِ رُبُعُ العُشورِ، فإِذا لَم يَكُنِ المالُ إلَّا تِسعونَ ومِائَةُ دِرهَمٍ فلَيسَ فيها شَئٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها\" (^٢).\nورَواه النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ قال: أخَذنا هَذا الكِتابَ مِن ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بن أنَسٍ يُحَدِّثُه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: حَديثُ أنَسٍ حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ مِن جِهَةِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ وغَيرِه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وبِه نأخُذُ (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ لِحَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ وما قَبلَه: إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وكُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ (^٥).\n\n٧٣٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢)، وأبو داود (١٥٦٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٦) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٤، ١١٥، والحاكم ١/ ٣٩٢ من طريق النضر به.\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ٥.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٦.","vol":"8","page":25},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ قال: رأَيتُ عِندَ ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ كِتابًا كَتَبَه أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ -﵁- لأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- حينَ بَعَثَه على صَدَقَةِ البحرَينِ عَلَيه خاتَمُ النَّبِى -ﷺ-: محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ. فيه مِثلُ هَذا القَولِ (^١).\nيَعنِى مِثلَ ما:\n\n٧٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ، حَدَّثَنِى بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أيّوبَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ السَّرّاجَ وعُبَيدَ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثونَ عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه قرأَ كِتابَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: أنَّه لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ شَيءٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا ففيها شاةٌ إلَى التِّسعِ، فإِذا كانَت عَشرًا فشاتانِ إلَى أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ ففيها ثَلاث إلَى تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ، فإِذا بَلَغَتِ العِشرينَ فأَربَعٌ إلَى أربَعٍ وعِشرينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا وعِشرينَ ففيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها ابنَةُ لَبونٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها حِقَّةٌ إلَى السِّتّينَ، فإِذا زادَت فجَذَعَةٌ إلَى خَمسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (١٢٦).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٤١، ١٩/ ١٢٤.","vol":"8","page":26},{"text":"وسَبعينَ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها ابنَتا لَبونٍ إلَى التِّسعينَ، [فإِذا زادَت ففيها حِقَّتانِ إلَى العِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ] (^١)، فإِذا زادَت ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّة، وفِى كُل أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، ولَيسَ في الغَنَمِ شَئٌ فيما دونَ الأربَعينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَتِ الأربَعينَ ففيها شاةٌ إلَى العِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، فإِذا زادَت فشاتانِ إلَى المِائَتَينِ، فإِذا زادَت على المِائَتَينِ فثَلاثٌ إلَى ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، فإِذا زادَت على الثلاثِمِائَة ففِى كُل مِائَةٍ تامَّةٍ شاةٌ (^٢).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَر عن عُمَرَ (^٣).\nورَواه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: هذه نُسخَةُ كِتابِ عُمَرَ -﵁-:\n\n٧٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرين قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ هَذا كِتابُ الصَّدَقاتِ فيه: في كُلِّ أربَعٍ وعِشرينَ مِنَ الإبِلِ فدونَها الغَنَمُ؛ في كُلِّ خَمسٍ شاةٌ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ، فإِن لَم تكُن بنتُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى سِتّينَ حِقَّةٌ طَروقَةُ الفَحلِ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (١٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٧٩٨، ٦٧٩٩) عن الثورى به.","vol":"8","page":27},{"text":"خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ جَذَعَةٌ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى تِسعينَ ابنَتا لَبونٍ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الفَحلِ، فما زادَ على ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفِي كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِى سائمَةِ الغَنَمِ إذا كانَت أربَعينَ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً شاةٌ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى مِائَتَينِ شاتانِ، وفيما فوقَ ذَلِكَ إلَى ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ ثَلاثُ شِياهٍ، فما زادَ على ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلِّ مِائَةٍ شاةٌ، ولا تُخرَجُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ ولا تَيسٌ إلا ما شاءَ المُصدِّقُ، ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بَينَهُما بالسَّويَّةِ، وفِي الرِّقَةِ رُبُعُ العُشرِ إذا بَلَغَت رِقَةُ أحَدِهِم خَمسَ أواقٍ. هذه نُسخَةُ كِتابِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- التى كان يأخُذُ عَلَيها. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وبِهَذا كُلِّه نأخُذُ (^١).\nوقَد رَواه سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه عن النَّبِى -ﷺ-:\n\n٧٣٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- كتابَ الصَّدَقَةِ فلَم يُخرِجْه إلَى عُمّالِه حَتَّى قُبِضَ فقَرَنَه بسَيفِه، فعَمِلَ به أبو بكرٍ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، ثُمَّ عَمِلَ به عُمَرُ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، فكانَ فيه: \"في خَمسٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ شاةٌ، وفِي عَشْرٍ شاتانِ، وفِى خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٥.","vol":"8","page":28},{"text":"ثَلاثُ شِياهٍ، وفي عِشرينَ أربَعُ شِياهٍ، وفِى خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها بنتُ لَبونٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها حِقَّةٌ إلَى سِتّينَ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها جَذَعَةٌ إلَى خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها بِنتا لَبونٍ إلَى تِسعينَ، فإذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها حِقَّتانِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِن كانَتِ الإبِلُ أكثرَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفِى الغَنَمِ في كُلِّ أَربَعينَ شاةً شاةٌ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً فشاتانِ إلَى مِائَتَينِ، فإِذا زادَت على المِائتينِ ففيها ثَلاثُ شياهٍ إلَى ثَلاِثمِائَة، فإِذا كانَتِ الغَنَمُ أكثرَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلِّ مِائَةِ شاةٍ شاةٌ، ولَيسَ فيها شيءٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ المِائَةَ، ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ مَخافَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بالسَّويَّةِ، ولا تُؤخَذُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عَيبٍ\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: إذا جاءَ المُصَدِّقُ قُسِمَتِ الشّاءُ أثلاثًا؛ ثُلُثًا شِرارٌ وثُلُثًا خيارٌ وثُلُثًا وسَطٌ، فيأخُذُ المُصَدِّقُ مِنَ الوَسَطِ. ولَم يَذكُرِ الزُّهرِىُّ البَقَرَ (^١).\n\n٧٣٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الواسِطِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، قال: فإِن لَم تكُنْ بنتُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ. قال: ولَم يَذكُرْ كَلامَ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ في كِتابِ \"العلل\":\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٢، ٣٩٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٣٢)، وأبو داود (١٥٦٨)، والترمذي (٦٢١) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٣٤) من طريق محمد بن يزيد به. والدارمى (١٦٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٧) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به مختصرًا. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٧).","vol":"8","page":29},{"text":"سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: أرجو أن يكونَ مَحفوظًا، وسُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ صَدوقٌ (^١).\n\n٧٣٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: وقَد وافَقَ سُفيانَ بنَ حُسَينٍ على هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه حَديثَ الصَّدَقاتِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ أخو محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ؛ حَدَّثَناه ابنُ صاعِدٍ، عن يَعقوبَ الدَّوْرَقِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِى، عن سُلَيمانَ كَذلِكَ. قال: وقَد رَواه عن الزهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه جَماعَةٌ فأَوقَفوه، وسُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ رَفَعاه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٧٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكبر، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ كَثيبر، عن الزُهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: أقرأَنِى سالِمٌ كِتابًا كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ أن يَتَوَفّاه اللهُ ﷿ في الصَّدَقَةِ، فوَجَدتُ فيه: \"في خَمسِ ذَودٍ شاةٌ، وفِي عَشْرٍ شاتانِ، وفِي خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ ثَلاث شِياهٍ، وفِى عِشرينَ أربَعُ شِياهٍ، وفِى خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ ابنَة مَخاضٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ، فإِذا لَم تَكنِ ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ فابن لَبونٍ ذكرٌ (^٣)، فإذا كانَت سِتًّا وثَلاثينَ فابنَة لَبونٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ،\n_________\n(^١) لم نجده في علل الترمذى، وذكره العينى في عمدة القارى ٩/ ١٣، وشرح أبى داود ٦/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٢٥٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.","vol":"8","page":30},{"text":"فإِذا كانَت سِتًّا وأَربَعين فحِقَّةٌ إلَى سِتّينَ، فإِذا كانَت إحدَى وسِتينَ فجَذَعَةٌ إلَى خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ، فإِذا زادَت فابنَتا لبونٍ إلَى تِسعينَ، فإِذا زادَت فحِقَّتانِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا كَثُرَتِ الإِبِلُ ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِي كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ\". ووَجَدتُ فيه: \"في أربَعينَ شاةً شاةٌ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا زادَت ففيها شاتانِ إلَى مائَتَينِ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها ثَلاثٌ إلَى ثَلاِثمِائَة، ثُمَّ في كُلِّ مِائَة شاةٌ\". ووَجَدتُ فيه: \"لا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِع، ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ\". ووَجَدتُ فيه: \"لا يَجوزُ في الصَّدَقَةِ تَيسٌ ولا هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٣٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الصّوفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزة، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابِ فيه الفَرائضُ والسُّنَنُ والدِّيَاتُ، وبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، وقُرِئَت على أَهلِ اليَمَنِ، وهَذِه نُسخَتُها: \"بسمِ الله الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، مِن محمدٍ النّبِيِّ إلَى شُرَحبيلَ بنِ عبدِ كُلالٍ، [ونُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ كُلالٍ] (^٢)، والحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٩٨، ١٨٠٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٤٥٤).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٣.","vol":"8","page":31},{"text":"كُلالٍ -قَيلِ ذِى رُعَينٍ ومَعافِرَ وهَمْدانَ (^١) - أمّا بَعدُ: فقَد رَفَعَ (^٢) رسولُكُم وأَعطَيتُم مِنَ المَغانِمِ خُمُسَ اللَّهِ وما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ على المُؤمِنينَ مِنَ العُشرِ في العَقارِ، ما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ وكانَ سَيْحًا أو كان بَعلًا (^٣) ففيه العُشرُ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ، [وما سُقِىَ بالرِّشاءِ والدّاليَةِ ففيه نِصفُ العُشرِ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ] (^٤)، وفِى كُلِّ خَمسٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ سائمَةٍ شاةٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ أربَعًا وعِشرينَ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَة على أربَع وعِشرينَ ففيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ، فإِن لَم توجَدِ ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وثَلاثينَ، فإِن زادَت على خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ واحِدَةً ففيها ابنَةُ لَبونٍ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وأَربَعينَ، فإِن زادَت واحِدَةً على خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ ففيها حِقَّةٌ طَروقَةُ الجَمَلِ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ سِتّينَ، فإِن زادَت على سِتّينِ واحِدَةً ففيها جَذَعَةٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وسَبعينَ، فإِن زادَت واحِدَةً على خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ ففيها ابنَتا لَبونٍ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ تِسعينَ، فإِن زادَت واحِدَةً [على التسعينَ] (^٥) ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الجَمَلِ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فما زادَ على عِشرينَ ومِائَة ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ بنتُ لَبونٍ، وفِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ طَروقَةُ الجَمَلِ، وفِى كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ باقورَةً (^٦) تَبيعٌ جَذَعٌ أو جَذَعَةٌ، وفِى كُل أربَعينَ باقورَةً بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ شاةً سائمَة شاةٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإن زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَة واحِدَةً ففيها\n_________\n(^١) قيل: أى ملك، وذو رعين ومعافر وهمدان من قبائل اليمن. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٣٣، وعون المعبود ٨/ ١٢٧، ١٢٨.\n(^٢) عند ابن عساكر وابن حبان: \"رجع\".\n(^٣) البعل: ما شرب بعروقه من الأرض من غير سقى سماء ولا غيرها. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٦٧.\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، ص ٣.\n(^٦) الباقورة بلغة اليمن: البقر. النهاية ١/ ١٤٥.","vol":"8","page":32},{"text":"شاتانِ إلَى أن تَبلُع مِائتينِ، فإِن زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها ثَلاثٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ ثَلاثَمِائَة، فإِن زادَت ففِى كُلِّ مِائَةِ شاةٍ شاةٌ، ولا تُؤخَذُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ولا عَجفاءُ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ ولا تَيسُ الغَنَمِ، ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ، ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما أُخِذَ مِنَ الخَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بَينَهُما بالسَّويَّةِ، وفِى كلِّ خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ، وما زادَ ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، وليسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ شَئٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ دينارًا دينارٌ، وإنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وأهلِ بَيتهِ، إنَّما هِىَ الزَّكاة تُزَكَّى بها أنفُسُهُم ولفُقَراءِ المُؤمنينَ (^١)، وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، وليسَ في رَقيقٍ ولا مَزرَعَةٍ ولا عُمّالِها شَيءٌ إذا كانَت تُؤَدَّى صَدَقَتُها مِنَ العُشر، وإنَّه ليسَ في عبدِ مُسلِمٍ ولا في فرَسِه شيءٌ\". قال يَحيَى: أَفْضل. ثُمَّ قال: كان في الكِتابِ: \"إنَّ أكبَرَ الكَبائرِ عِندَ اللَّهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ إشراكٌ باللَّهِ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ المُؤمِنَةِ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ، والفِرارُ يَومَ الزَّحفِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ، ورَمىُ المُحصَنَةِ، وتَعلُّمُ السِّحْرِ، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وأكلُ مالِ اليتيمِ، وإنَّ العُمرَةَ الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ، ولا يَمَسُّ القُرآنَ إلَّا طاهِرٌ، ولا طَلاقَ قَبلَ إملاكٌ، ولا عَتاقَ حَتَّى يبتاعَ، ولا يُصَليَنَّ أحَدُكُم في ثَوب واحِدٍ ليسَ على مَنكِبِه شئٌ، ولا يَحتَبيَنَّ في ثَوب واحِدٍ لَيسَ بَينَ فرجِه وبَينَ السَّماءِ شئٌ، ولا يُصلّيَنَّ أحَدُكُم في ثَوب واحِدٍ وشِقُّه بادِى، ولا يُصَلّيَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم عاقِصٌ شَعَرَه\". وكانَ في الكِتابِ: \"إنَّ مَنِ اعتَبَطَ مُؤمِنًا قَتلًا (^٢) عن بيِّنَة فإِنَّه قَوَدٌ إلَّا أن يَرضَى أولياءُ المَقتولِ، وإنَّ في النَّفسِ الدّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وفِى الأنفِ إذا أُوعِبَ جَدْعُه الدّيَةُ، وفي اللِّسانِ الدِّيَةُ (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"المسلمين\".\n(^٢) أى قتله بلا جناية كانت منه، وكل من مات بغير علة فقد اعتبط ومات عبطة. غريب الحديث لأبى الجوزى ٢/ ٦٣.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المصنف: وفى اللسان الدية وفى الشفتين الدية\".","vol":"8","page":33},{"text":"وفِى البَيضَتَينِ الدّيَة، وفِى الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةُ، وفِى الصُّلبِ الدّيَةُ، وفِى العَينَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِى الرِّجلِ الواحِدَةِ نِصفُ الدّيَةِ، وفِى المأمومَةِ (^١) ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِى الجائفَةِ (^٢) ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِى المُنَقِّلَةِ (^٣) خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وفِى كُل إصبَع مِنَ الأصابعِ مِنَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وفِى السِّنِّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وفِى المُوضِحَةِ (^٤) خَمسٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وإنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقتَلُ بالمَرأَةِ، وعَلَى أهلِ الذَهَبِ ألفُ دينارٍ\" (^٥).\n\n٧٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ الصَّدَقاتِ هَذا الَّذِى يَرويه يَحيَى بنُ حَمزة: أصَحيحٌ هوَ؟ فقالَ: أرجو أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا. قال: وسَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: وقَد حَدَّثنا عن الحَكَمِ بنِ موسَى، عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمزة، [عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ بحَديثِ الصدَقاتِ فقالَ (^٧): قَد أخرَجَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ هَذا الحديثَ في \"مسنده\" عن الحَكَمِ بنِ موسَى عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمزة] (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المأمومة: هى الشجة التى بلغت أم الرأس، وهى الجلدة التى تجمع الدماغ. النهاية ١/ ٦٨.\n(^٢) الجائفة: الطعنة النافذة إلى الجوف. الفائق ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) المنقلة: هى التى تخرج منها صغار العظام وتنتقل عن أماكنها. النهاية ٥/ ١١٠.\n(^٤) الموضحة: هى التى تبدى وضح العظم. أى بياضه. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٣٦، والنهاية ٥/ ١٩٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥٥٩)، وابن عساكر ٢٢/ ٣٠٧ من طريق الحكم بن موسى مطولًا. والدارمى مفرقًا (١٦٦١، ١٦٦٨، ١٦٧٥، ٢٣١٢، ٢٣٩٩، ٢٤١٠)، والنسائى (٤٨٦٨) مقتصرًا على ذكر الديات من طريق الحكم بن موسى به. والنسائى (٤٨٦٩) من طريق الزهرى به مختصرًا.\n(^٦) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٧) يعنى: عبد الله بن محمد وهو أبو القاسم البغوى.","vol":"8","page":34},{"text":"قال أبو أحمدَ: وقَد رَوَى عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ يَحيَى بنُ حَمزة وصدَقَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الشّاميّينَ، وأَمّا حَديثُ الصدَقاتِ فلَه أصلٌ في بَعضِ ما رَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فأَفسَدَ إسنادَه، وحَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ مُجَوَّدُ الإِسنادِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد أثنَى على سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ الخَولانِىِّ هَذا أبو زُرعَهَ الرّازِىُّ وأبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ وعُثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ (^٢) وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ، ورأَوا هَذا الحديثَ الَّذِى رَواه في الصدَقاتِ مَوصولَ الإسنادِ حَسَنًا (^٣). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المَشّاطُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ ضرَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن المُثَنَى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَ كِتابٍ وُجِدَ في قائمِ سَيفِ عُمَرَ في الصدَقَةِ، حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى الرِّقَةِ، وفيه: \"بَينَ الفَريضَتَينِ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١٢٣، ١١٢٤. وحديث معمر أخرجه الدارمى (١٦٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٩).\n(^٢) ذكره ابن أبى حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١١٠ عن أبيه. وذكره الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٧ عن أبى زرعة. وهو في تاريخ عثمان بن سعيد الدارمى ص ١٢٣، ١٢٤ (٣٨٦).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٤٤: لكن أبا داود لم يخرجه في \"سننه\" بل أخرجه في \"المراسيل\" ثم قال: وهم الحكم في قوله: ابن داود. ثم ذكر طرقا له وقال: هو كتاب محفوظ يتداوله آل حزم وإنما الشأن في اتصال سنده.","vol":"8","page":35},{"text":"عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا أو شاتانِ قيمَتُهُما عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ\". هَذا حَديثُ أبى نَصرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ المَشّاطِ: عن المُثَنَّى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ. وهَذا أشبَهُ؛ فإِنَّه المُثَنَّى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، نُسِبَ إلَى جَدِّه، وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ هِىَ التى ذَكَرَها الشافِعِىُّ (^١) عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ. وقَد روّينا الحديثَ مِن حَديثِ ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن أنَسٍ مِن أوجُهٍ صَحيحَةٍ (^٢)، وروّيناه عن سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ مَوصولًا ومُرسَلًا (^٣)، ومِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ مَوصولًا، وجَميعُ ذَلِكَ يَشُدُّ بَعضه بَعضًا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1625>بابُ إبانَةِ قَوله: \"وفي كُلِّ أربَعيَن ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفِي كُلِّ خَمسيِن حِقَّةٌ</span>\"\n\n٧٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: هذه نُسخَةُ كِتابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- التى كَتَبَ في الصَّدَقَةِ، وهو عِندَ آلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أقرأَنيها سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فوَعَيتُها على وجهِها، وهِيَ التى انتَسَخَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ مِن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٢٦ - ٧٣٢٩).\n(^٣) تقدم عن نافع مرسلًا في (٧٣٣٠)، وموصولًا في (٧٣٣١)، وعن سالم في (٧٣٣٢ - ٧٣٣٥) موصولًا. وستأتى مرسلة في الأثر التالى.","vol":"8","page":36},{"text":"حينَ أُمِّرَ على المَدينَةِ، فأَمَرَ عُمّالَه بالعَمَلِ بها، وكَتَبَ بها إلَى الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، فأَمَرَ الوَليدُ عُمّالَه بالعَمَلِ بها، ثُمَّ لَم يَزَلِ الخُلَفاءُ يأمُرونَ بذَلِكَ بَعدَه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها هِشامٌ فنَسَخَها إلَى كُل عامِلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَمَرَهُم بالعَمَلِ بما فيها ولا يَتَعَدَّونَها، وهَذا كِتابُ تفسيرِه: \"لا يُؤخَذُ في شَيءٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ الصَّدَقَة حَتى تَبلُغَ خَمسَ ذَودٍ، فإذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا ففيها شاةٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ عَشْرًا، فإِذا بَلَغَت عَشْرًا ففيها شاتانِ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ ففيها ثَلاث شياه حَتَّى تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت عِشرينَ ففيها أربَعُ شياهٍ حَتى تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وعِشرينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسًا وعِشرينَ أَفرَضَت، فكانَ فيها فريضَةٌ بنتُ مَخاضٍ، فإِن لَم توجَدْ بنتُ مَخاضٍ فابن لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ حَتى تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وثَلاثينَ، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتًّا وثَلاثينَ ففيها بنت لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وأَربَعينَ، فإِذا كانَت سِتًّا وأَربَعينَ ففيها حِقَّةٌ طَروقَة الجَمَلِ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ سِتّينَ، فإِذا كانَت إحدَى وسِتّينَ ففيها جَذَعَةٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ خَمسًا وسَبعينَ، فإذا بَلَغَت سِتًا وسَبعينَ ففيها بنتا لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعينَ، فإِذا كانَت إحدَى وتِسعينَ ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الجَمَلِ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت إحدَى وعِشرينَ ومِائَةً ففيها ثَلاثُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وعِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت ثَلاثينَ ومِائَةً ففيها حِقةٌ وبنتا لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وثَلاثينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت أربَعينَ ومِائَةً ففيها حِقَّتانِ وبِنتُ لَبونٍ حَتى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وأَربَعينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت خَمسينَ ومِائَةً ففيها ثَلاث حِقاقٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وخَمسينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتّينَ ومِائَةً ففيها أربَعُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وسِتّينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت سَبعينَ ومِائَةً ففيها حِقَّةٌ وثلاث بَناتِ لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وسَبعينَ ومِائَةً، فإذا كانَت ثَمانينَ ومِائَةً ففيها حِقَّتانِ وبنتا لَبونٍ حَتّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا","vol":"8","page":37},{"text":"وثَمانينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت تِسعينَ ومِائَةً ففيها ثَلاثُ حِقاقٍ وبنت لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وتِسعينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت مِائَتَينِ ففيها أربَعُ حِقاقٍ أو خَمسُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ، أىُّ السِّنَّينِ وُجِدَت فيها أُخِذَت على عِدَّةِ ما كتبنا في هَذا الكِتابِ، ثُمَّ كُل شَيء مِنَ الإِبِلِ على ذَلِكَ يُؤخَذُ على نَحو ما كتبنا في هَذا الكِتابِ، ولا يُؤخَذُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ أربَعينَ شاةً، فإِذا بَلَغَت أربَعينَ شاةً ففيها شاةٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت إحدَى وعِشرينَ ومِائَةً ففيها شاتانِ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ مِائَتينِ، فإذا كانَت شاةً ومِائَتَين ففيها ثَلاثُ شياه حَتَّى تَبلُغَ ثَلَاثمِائَة، فإِذا زادَت على ثَلاِثمِائَةِ شاةً فلَيسَ فيها إلَّا ثَلاثُ شياهٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ أربَعَمِائَةِ شاة، فإذا بَلَغَت أربَعَمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها أربَعُ شياه حَتى تَبلُغَ خَمسَمِائَة، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسَمِائَةِ شاة ففيها خَمسُ شياه حَتَّى تَبلُغَ سِتمِائَةِ شاة، فإِذا بَلَغَت سِتَّمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها سِتُّ شياه، فإِذا بَلَغَت سَبعَمِائَةِ شاه ففيها سَبعُ شياه حَتَّى تَبلُغَ ثَمانِمِائَةِ شاة، فإِذا بَلَغَت ثَمانِمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها ثَمانِ شياه حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعَمِائَةِ شاة، فإِذا بَلَغَت تِسعَمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها تِسعُ شياهٍ حَتى تَبلُغَ ألفَ شاةٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَت ألفَ شاةٍ ففيها عَشرُ شياهٍ، ثُمَّ في كلِّ ما زادَت مِائَةَ شاةٍ شاةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ هَرِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِيُّ يَعنِى أبا الرجالِ قال: لَمّا استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أرسَلَ إلَى المَدينَةِ يَلتَمِسُ كِتابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الصَّدَقاتِ وكِتابَ عُمَرَ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٣، ٣٩٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٧٠) من طريق ابن المبارك بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٨).","vol":"8","page":38},{"text":"فوَجَدَ عِندَ آل عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ كِتابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ في الصَّدَقاتِ، ووَجَدَ عِندَ آلِ عُمَرَ كِتابَ عُمَرَ في الصَّدَقاتِ مِثْلَ كِتابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فنُسِخا له، فحَدَّثَنِى عمرو أنَّه طَلَبَ إلَى محمدِ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أن يَنسَخَ له ما في ذَينِكَ الكِتابَينِ فنُسِخَ له، فذَكَرَ صَدَقَةَ الِإبِلِ مِن خَمسٍ إلَى مِائَتَينِ كما مَضَى في الحديثِ قَبلَه، وزادَ: فقالَ: \"فإِذا بَلَغَت مِائَتَينِ وعَشْرًا ففيها أربَعُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ وحِقَّةٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَتَينِ، فإِذا بَلَغَت عِشرينَ ومِائَتَينِ ففيها ثَلاثُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ وحِقَّتانِ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ ثَلاثينَ ومِائتينِ، فإِذا بَلَغَت ثَلاثينَ ومِائَتينِ، ففيها ثَلاثُ حِقاقٍ وبنتا لَبونٍ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَر الحديثَ في ذِكر فريضَتِها كُلَّما زادَت عَشرًا حَتَّى تَبلُغَ ثَلاثمِائَةٍ قال: \"فإِذا بَلَغَت ثَلاثمِائَة ففيها سِتُّ حِقاقٍ أو خَمسُ بَناتِ لَبونِ وحِقَّتانِ، فمِن أىِّ هَذَينِ السِّنَّينِ شاءَ أن يأخُذَ المُصَدِّقُ أخَذَ، فإِذا زادَ الإِبِلُ على ثَلاِثمِائَة ففيها في كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، ولا يأخُذ مِمّا دونَ العَشرِ شَيئًا\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وحَبيبٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، أنَّ أبا الرِّجالِ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِىَّ حَدَّثَهُ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ حينَ استُخلِفَ أرسَلَ إلَى المَدينَةِ يَلتَمِسُ عَهدَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في الصَّدَقاتِ، فوَجَدَ عِندَ آلِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ كِتابَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ في الصَّدَقاتِ، ووَجَدَ عِندَ آلِ عُمَرَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٩٣٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"8","page":39},{"text":"الخطابِ -﵁- كِتابَ عُمَرَ إلَى عُمّالِه في الصَّدَقاتِ بمِثلِ كِتابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، فأَمَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ عُمّالَه على الصَّدَقاتِ أن يأخُذوا بما في ذَينِكَ الكِتابَينِ، فكانَ فيهِما في صَدَقَةِ الإبلِ: \"ما زادَت على التِّسعينَ واحِدَةً ففيها حِقَّتانِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا زادَت على العِشرينِ ومِائَة واحِدَةً ففيها ثَلاثُ بَناتِ لَبونٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ تِسعًا وعِشرينَ ومِائَة، فإِذا كانَتِ الإبلُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فلَيسَ فيما لا يبلُغُ العَشَرَةَ مِنها شَيءٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ العَشَرَةَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1626>بابُ ذِكرِ رِوايَةِ عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- بخِلافِ ما مَضَى في خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وفيما زادَ على مِائَةٍ وعِشرينَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وبَيانِ ضَعفِ تِلكَ الرّوايَةِ ورِوايَةِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ</span>\n\n٧٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ: في خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ مِنَ الِإبِلِ خَمسٌ. يَعنِي شياهٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ ابنُ سُفيانَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٤، ٣٩٥. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٧ من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٧٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٧٩٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٧٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به مطولًا.","vol":"8","page":40},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عليٍّ مِثلَه. وزادَ: فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، [قال: تُرَدُّ الفَرائضُ إلَى أوَّلِها، فإِذا كَثُرَتِ الإبِلُ ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ. وهَذا أحَبُّ إلَى سُفيانَ مِن قَولِ أهلِ الحِجازِ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عليِّ في الإِبِلِ: إذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ] (^١) فبِحِسابِ ذَلِكَ يُستأنَف بها الفَرائضُ. وعن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال أبو يوسُفَ يَعنِى يَعقوبَ بنَ سُفيانَ: بَلَغَنِى عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ قال: كان يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ بحَديثٍ يَغلَطُ فيه عن سُفيانَ الثورِىِّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا زادَتِ الإِبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ تُسَتأنَفُ الفَريضةُ. وَيَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ لَم يَغلَطْ في هَذا وقَد تابَعَه ابنُ المُبارَكِ، وهَذا مَشهور مِن رِوايَةِ سُفيان، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن علىٍّ. وقَد أنكَرَ أهلُ العِلمِ هَذا على عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ؛ لأنَّ رِوايَةَ عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ عن علىٍّ خِلافُ كِتابِ آلِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، وخِلافُ كِتابِ أبى بكرٍ وعمَرَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٧٨، ١٧٩.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٧٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٠٠) عن يحيى بن سعيد بالإسناد الأول.\nوفى (١٠٠٠١) عن يحيى بن سعيد بالإسناد الثانى. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٤٨: إن صح فهو مذهب لعلى.","vol":"8","page":41},{"text":"قال الشيخ: أمّا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ ﵀ فإِنَّه أحالَ بالغَلَطِ على يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: كان يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ بحَديثٍ يَغلَطُ فيه عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا زادَتِ الإبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ تُستأنَفُ الفَريضةُ. [قالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: وحَدَّثَ به وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا زادَتِ الإِبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ تُستأنَفُ الفَريضةُ] (^١) على الحِسابِ الأوَّلِ. قال يَحيَى: هَذا أصَحُّ الحديثَينِ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسَّانَ الغَلَّابِىُّ قال: ذَكَرَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ أنَ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ حَدَّثَ عن سُفيانَ بحَديثٍ تَفَرَّدَ به عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن عليٍّ: إذا زادَتِ الإِبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ تُستأنَفُ الفَريضَةُ على الحِسابِ الأوَّلِ. فقالَ: هَذا غَلَطٌ.\nقال: وذَكَرتُ ليَحيَى حَديثَ وكيعٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا زادَتِ الإبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ تُستأنَفُ الفَريضةُ على\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٢٢ (١٥٤٧).","vol":"8","page":42},{"text":"الحِسابِ الأوَّلِ. فقالَ: هَذا صَحيحٌ.\nقال الشيخ: قَولُ يَحيَى في هذه الرِّوايَةِ يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما عابَ على يَحيَى القَطّانِ رِوايَتَه عن سُفيانَ حَديثًا تَفَرَّدَ به سفيانُ وهو عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ غَلَطٌ، وهو يَتَّقِى أمثالَ ذَلِكَ، [فلا يَروى] (^١) إلَّا ما هو صَحيحٌ عِندَه. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوأَمّا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ وغَيرُه مِنَ الأئمَّةِ فإِنَّهُم أحالوا بالغَلطِ على عاصِمِ بنِ ضمْرَةَ، واستَدَلّوا على خَطَئِه بما فيه مِن الخِلافِ لِلرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ عن أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- في الصَّدَقاتِ.\nوأَمّا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فإِنَّه قال في كِتابِ \"القديم\": رَوَى هَذا مَجهولٌ عن علىٍّ، وأَكثَرُ الرّواةِ عن ذَلِكَ المَجهولِ يَزعُمُ أنَّ الَّذِى رَوَى هَذا عنه غَلِطَ عَلَيه، وأَنَّ هَذا لَيسَ في حَديثِه. يُريدُ قَولَه في الاِستِئنافِ. واستَدَلَّ على هَذا في كِتابٍ آخَرَ برِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن علىٍّ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمْرَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا زادَتِ الإبِلُ على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ ففِى كُل خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِي كُلِّ أربَعينَ بنتُ لَبونٍ. قال: وقالَ عمرُو بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٢٣٢).","vol":"8","page":43},{"text":"الهَيثَمِ وغَيرُه، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن علىٍّ مِثلَه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبِهَذا نَقولُ، وهو موافِقٌ لِلسُّنَةِ، وهُم -يَعنِى بَعضَ العِراقيّينَ- لا يأخُذونَ بهَذا، فيُخالِفونَ ما روىَ عن النَّبِي -ﷺ- وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- والثّابِتَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- عِندَهُم إلَى قَولِ إبراهيمَ، وشَئٍ يُغلَطُ به عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^١).\n\n٧٣٤٦ - وأخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالى: سُئلَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَطاءٍ عن صَدَقَةِ الإبِلِ، فأَخبَرَنا عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، أنَ عَليًّا قال: في خَمسٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ شاةٌ، وفِى عَشرٍ شاتانِ، وفِى خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ ثَلاثُ شياهٍ، وفِى عِشرينَ أربَعُ شياهٍ، وفِى خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ خَمسُ شياهٍ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ، فإِذا زادَت ففيها ابنَةُ لَبونٍ إلَى خَمسٍ وأَربَعينَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَدَقَةِ الابِلِ إلَى تِسعينَ، قال: فإِذا زادَت ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الفَحلِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، فإِذا زادَت ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمٍ والحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ كما:\n\n٧٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ١٧٠.","vol":"8","page":44},{"text":"عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وعن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال زُهَيرٌ: أحسِبُه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هاتوا رُبُعَ العُشرِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: \"وفِى الإِبِلِ\". فذَكَرَ صَدَقَتَها كما ذَكَرَ الزُّهرىُّ، قال: \"وفِى خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ خَمسٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ، فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها بنتُ مَخاضٍ، فإِن لَم تَكُنْ بنتُ مَخاضٍ فابنُ لَبونٍ ذَكَرٌ إلَى خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ\". ثُمَّ ساقَ الحديثَ قال: \"فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً -يَعنِى على التِّسعينَ- ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الجَمَلِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، فإِن كانَتِ الإِبِلُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ\". وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ (^١) لَيسَ فيه ما في رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ عن أبى إسحاقَ مِنَ الاستِئنافِ، وفيه وفِى كَثيرٍ مِنَ الرِّواياتِ عنه: في خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ خَمسُ شياهٍ. وقَد أجمَعوا على تَركِ القَولِ به \" لِمُخالَفَةِ عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ والحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىٍّ الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وعن أبى يكرٍ وعُمَرَ في الصَّدَقاتِ في ذَلِكَ، كَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ مَن رَوَى عنه الاستِئنافَ مُخالِفَةٌ لِتِلكَ الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةِ مَعَ ما في نَفسِها مِنَ الاختِلافِ والغَلَطِ وطَعنِ أئمَّةِ أهلِ النَّقلِ فيها، فوَجَبَ تَركُها والمَصيرُ إلَى ما هو أقوَى مِنها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٧٣٤٨ - وأَمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى ذَكَرَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ قال: قال حَمّادٌ: قُلتُ لِقَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ: خُذْ لِى كِتابَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ حَزمٍ. فأَعطانى كِتابًا أخبَرَ أنَّه أخذَه مِن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٧٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٧٠) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتى في (٧٣٧٠، ٧٥٩٥).","vol":"8","page":45},{"text":"حَزمٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كَتَبَه لِجَدِّه، فقَرأتُه فكانَ فيه ذِكرُ ما يُخرَجُ مِن فرائضِ الإِبِلِ. فقَصَّ الحديثَ إلَى: \"أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فإِذا كانَت أكثرَ مِن ذَلكَ فعُدَّ في كُلِّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةً، وما فَضَلَ فإِنَّه يُعادُ إلَى أوَّلِ فريضَةِ الإِبِلِ، وما كان أقَلَّ مِن خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ ففيه الغَنَمُ؛ في كُلِّ خَمسٍ ذَودٍ شاةٌ لَيسَ فيها ذَكَرٌ ولا هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ مِنَ الغَنَمِ\". فهَذا فيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ السُّلَيمانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وقَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ أخَذَه عن كِتابٍ لا عن سَماعٍ، وكَذَلِكَ حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ أخَذَه عن كِتابٍ لا عن سَماعٍ، وقَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وإِن كانا مِنَ الثِّقاتِ فرِوايَتُهُما هذه بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ الحُفّاظِ عن كِتابِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ وغَيرِهِ. وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ ساءَ حفظُه في آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ، فالحُفاظُ لا يَحتَجّونَ بما يُخالِفُ فيه ويَتَجَنَّبونَ ما يتَفَرَّدُ به عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ خاصَّةً وأَمثالِه، وهَذا الحَديثُ قَد جَمَعَ الأمرَينِ مَعَ ما فيه مِنَ الانقِطاعِ. وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ البَغَوىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ هو القَطانُ: حمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ وقَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ لَيسَ بذاكَ. ثُمَّ قال يَحيَى: إن كان ما حَدَّثَ به حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (١٠٦).","vol":"8","page":46},{"text":"سَعدٍ [حَقًّا فلَيسَ قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ] (^١) بشَئٍ، ولَكِن حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن الشُّيوخِ؛ عن ثابِتٍ وهَذا الضَّربِ - يَعنِى أنَّه ثَبَتٌ فيها (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: ضاعَ كِتابُ حَمّادِ ابنِ سلمةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، فكانَ يُحَدِّثُهُم عن حِفظِه فهَذِه قِصَّتُه.\nأخبرَنا الحاكِمُ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ قال: قال حَمّادُ ابنُ سلمةَ: استَعارَ مِنِّى حَجّاجٌ الأحوَلُ كِتابَ قَيسٍ، فذَهَبَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فقالَ: ضاعَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1627>بابُ تَفسيِر أسنانِ الإِبِلِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: سَمِعتُه مِنَ الرَّياشِىِّ وأَبِى حاتِمٍ وغَيرِهِما، ومِن \"كِتابِ النَّضرِ ابنِ شُمَيلٍ\"، ومِن \"كِتابِ أبى عُبَيدٍ\"، ورُبَّما ذَكَرَ أحَدُهُمُ الكَلِمَةَ، قالوا: يُسَمَّى الحُوارَ (^٤)، ثُمَّ الفَصيلَ إذا فُصِل، ثُمَّ تَكونُ بنتَ مَخاضٍ لِسَنَةٍ إلَى تَمامِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٦٧٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٩، والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٣١) من طريق أحمد به.\n(^٤) الحوار بضم الحاء وقد تكسر: ولد الناقة ساعة تضعه أو إلى أن يفصل عن أمه. القاموس المحيط (ح ور).","vol":"8","page":47},{"text":"سَنَتَينِ، فإِذا دَخَلَت في الثّالِثَةِ فهِىَ بنتُ لَبونٍ، فإِذا تَمَّت لَها ثَلاثُ سِنينَ فهِىَ حِقَّةٌ إلَى تَمامِ أربَعِ سِنينَ؛ لأنَّها استَحَقَّت أن تُركَبَ ويَحمِلَ عَلَيها الفَحلُ، وهِىَ تُلْقَحُ (^١)، ولا يُلْقِحُ الذَّكَرُ حَتَّى يُثنِىَ، ويُقالُ لِلحِقَّةِ: طَروقَةُ الفَحلِ؛ لأنَّ الفَحلَ يَطرُقُها إلَى تَمامِ أربَعِ سِنينَ، فإِذا طَعَنَت في الخامِسَةِ فهِىَ جَذَعَةٌ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ لَها خَمسُ سِنينَ، فإِذا دَخَلَت في السّادِسَةِ وأَلقَى ثَنيَّتَه فهو حينَئذٍ ثَنِىٌّ حَتَّى يَستَكمِلَ سِتًّا، فإِذا طَعَنَ في السّابِعَةِ سُمَّىَ الذَّكَرُ رَبَاعِيًا والأُنثَى رَباعيَةً إلَى تَمامِ السّابِعَةِ، فإِذا دَخَلَ في الثّامِنَةِ ألقَى السِّنَّ السَّديسَ الَّذِى بَعدَ الرَّباعيَةِ فهو سَديسٌ وسَدَسٌ إلَى تَمامِ الثّامِنَةِ، فإِذا دَخَلَ في التَّسعِ فاطَّلَعَ نابُه فهو بازِلٌ، أى بَزَلَ نابُه -يَعنِى طَلَعَ- حَتَّى يَدخُلَ في العاشِرَةِ، فهو حينَئذٍ مُخلِفٌ، ثُمَّ لَيسَ له اسمٌ ولَكِن يُقالُ: بازِلُ عامٍ وبازِلُ عامَينِ، ومُخلِفُ عامٍ ومُخلِفُ عامَينِ، ومُخلِفُ ثَلاثَةِ أعوامٍ إلَى خَمسِ سِنينَ، والخَلفَةُ الحامِلُ (^٢).\nوقَد ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ تَفسيرَ أسنانِ الإِبِلِ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ نَحوَ هَذا، وزادَ فقالَ: وإِنَّما سُمِّىَ ابنَ مَخاضٍ -يَعنِى للذَّكَرِ مِنها- لأنَّه فُصِلَ عن أُمِّه ولَحِقَت أُمُّه بالمَخاضِ وهِىَ الحَوامِلُ، فهو ابنُ مَخاضٍ وإِن لَم تَكُنْ حامِلًا. قال: وإِنَّما سُمَّىَ ابنَ لَبونٍ؛ لأنَّ أُمَّه وضَعَت غَيرَه فصارَ لَها لَبَنٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) نافة لاقح: حامل. النهاية ٤/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٥٩٠). وهو في غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٧٠ - ٧٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٣٦).","vol":"8","page":48},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1628>بابٌ: لا زَكاةَ في مالٍ حَتَّى يَحولَ عليه الحَولُ</span>\n\n٧٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ -وسَمَّى آخَرَ- عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ والحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هاتوا لِى رُبُعَ العُشورِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وَفِي آخِرِه: إلَّا أنَّ جَريرًا قال في الحديثِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"ولَيسَ في مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى داودَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا حارِثَةُ ابنُ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا زَكاه في مالٍ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ وهُرَيمُ بنُ سُفيانَ وأبو كُدَينَةَ عن حارِثَةَ مَرفوعًا (^٣) ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن حارِثَةَ مَوقوفًا على عائشَةَ (^٤). وحارِثَةُ لا يُحتَجُّ بخَبَرِه (^٥) والاعتِمادُ في ذَلِكَ على الآثارِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٨٦)، وعنده: جرير بن حازم والحارث بن نبهان عن الحسن بن عمارة عن أبى إسحاق، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٥٧٣). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٩٢) من طريق شجاع بن الوليد به. وقال البوصيرى في مصباح الزجاجة (٦٤١): هذا إسناد فيه حارثة وهو ابن أبى الرجال ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩١ من طريق هريم به. وسيأتي من طريق أبى كدينة في (٧٣٩٠).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (٧٣٩٢).\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٢٣٨٢).","vol":"8","page":49},{"text":"الصَّحيحَةِ فيه عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- وعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِهِم -﵃- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1629>بابٌ: لا يأخُذُ السّاعِى فيما يأخُذُ مَريضًا ولا مَعيبًا وفِى الإِبِلِ عَدَدُ الفَرضِ صَحيحٌ</span>\nقَد رُوَّينا في أحاديثِ الصَّدَقاتِ عن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-: \"ولا يُؤخَذُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ،\nولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ\". وفِى بَعضِها: \"ولا ذاتُ عَيبٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٣٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الزُّبيدِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ جابِرٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ جُبَيرٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مُعاويَةَ الغاضِرِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثٌ مَن فعَلَهُنَّ فقَد طَعِمَ طَعمَ الإيمانِ؛ مَن عَبَدَ اللَّهَ وحدَه فإِنَّه لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وأَعطَى زَكاةَ مالِه طَيِّبَةً بها نَفسُه رافِدَةً (^٣) عَلَيه في كُلِّ عامٍ، ولَم يُعطِ الهَرِمَةَ ولا الدَّرِنَةَ (^٤) ولا الشَّرَطَ (^٥) الأيِّمةِ (^٦) ولا المَريضَةَ، ولَكِن مِن أوسَطِ أموالِكُم، فإِن اللَّهَ ﷿ لَم يَسأَلْكُم خَيرَه ولَم\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى أثر أبى بكر في (٧٣٩٣)، وأثر ابن عمر في (٧٣٩٤ - ٧٣٩٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٢٦، ٧٣٢٨، ٧٣٣١، ٧٣٣٢، ٧٣٣٥، ٧٣٣٦).\n(^٣) رافدة: أى تعينه نفسه على أدائها. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٤) أي: الجرباء. النهاية ٢/ ١١٥.\n(^٥) الشرط: أى رُذَال المال. وقيل: صغاره وشراره. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٧، والنهاية ٢/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"اللائمة\".","vol":"8","page":50},{"text":"يأمُرْكم بشَرِّه، وزَكَّى عبدٌ نَفسَه\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: وما تَزكيَةُ المَرءِ نَفسَه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"يَعلَمُ أنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَهَ حَيثُما كان\". وقالَ غَيرُه: \"ولا الشَّرَطَ اللَّئيمَةَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1630>بابٌ: لا يأخُذُ السّاعِى فوقَ ما يَجِبُ ولا ماخِضًا (^٢) إلَّا أن يَتَطَوَّعَ</span>\n\n٧٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَيفِىًّ، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِمُعاذِ بنِ جَبلٍ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ: \"إنَّكَ سَتأتِى قَومًا أهلَ كِتابٍ، فإِذا جِئتَهُم فادعُهُم إلَى أن يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، فإِن هُم أطاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ فأَخبْرِهُم أنَّ اللَّهَ قَد فرَضَ عَلَيهِم خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ في كُلِّ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ، فإِن هُم أطاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ فأَخبِرُهُم أنَّ اللَّهَ قَد فرَضَ عَلَيهِم صَدَقَةً تُؤخَذُ مِن أغنيائِهم فتُرَدُّ على فُقَرائِهم، فإِن هُم أطاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ فإيّاكَ وكَرائمَ أموالِهِم، واتَّقِ دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَ اللَّهِ حِجابٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٩٧)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٨٢) من طريق الزبيدى به دون ذكر عبد الرحمن بن جبير. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٠٠).\n(^٢) الماخض: الحامل. فتح البارى ٣/ ٣١٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧١) وعنه أبو داود (١٥٨٤)، والبخارى (١٣٩٥)، والترمذى (٦٢٥، ٢٠١٤)، والنسائى (٢٤٣٤)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة =","vol":"8","page":51},{"text":"المُبارَكِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ عن زَكَريّا (^١).\n\n٧٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىًّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ إسحاقَ المَكَّىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى سُفيانَ الجُمَحِىَّ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ ثَفِنَةَ اليَشكُرِىِّ -قال الحَسَنُ: رَوحٌ (^٢) يقولُ: مُسلِمُ بنُ شُعبَةَ- قال: استَعمَلَ نافِعُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ أبى على عِرافَةِ قَومِه، فأَمَرَه أن يُصَدِّقَهُم. قال: فبَعَثَنِى أبى في طائفَةٍ مِنهُم، فأَتَيتُ شَيخًا كَبيرًا يُقالُ له: سِعْرُ بنُ دَيسَمٍ، فقُلتُ: إنَّ أبى بَعَثَنِى إلَيكَ -يَعنِى لأُصَدِّقَكَ- قال: ابنَ أخِى، وأَىَّ نَحوٍ تأخُذونَ؟ قُلتُ: نَختارُ حَتَّى إنّا نتبينُ (^٣) ضروعَ الغَنَمِ. قالَ: ابنَ أخِى، فإِنِّى أُحَدِّثُكَ أنِّى كُنتُ في شِعبٍ مِن هذه الشَّعابِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في غَنَمٍ لِى، فجاءَنِى رَجُلانِ على بَعيرٍ فقالا لى: إنّا رسولا رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَيكَ لِتُؤَدِّىَ صَدَقَةَ غَنَمِكَ. فقُلتُ: ما علىَّ فيها؟ فقالا: شاة. فأَعمِدُ إلَى شاةٍ قَد عَرَفتُ مَكانَها مُمتَلِئَةً مَحضًا (^٤) وشَحمًا فأَخرَجتُها إلَيهِما، فقالا: هذه شاةُ الشّافِعِ (^٥)، وقَد نَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نأخُذَ شافِعًا. قُلتُ: فأَىَّ شَئٍ تأخُذانِ؟ قالا: عَنَاقًا جَذَعَةً أو ثَنيَّةً. قال: فأَعمِدُ إلَى عَناقٍ\n_________\n= (٢٢٧٥) من طريق زكريا بن إسحاق به.\n(^١) البخارى (١٤٩٦، ٤٣٤٧)، ومسلم (١٩/ ٢٩، ٣٠).\n(^٢) الحسن: هو الحسن بن على الخلال شيخ أبى داود. وروح: هو روح بن عبادة البصرى أحد شيوخ الحسن الخلال. ينظر شرح أبى داود للعينى ٦/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٣: \"نشير\".\n(^٤) المحض: اللبن. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٥) شاة الشافع سيأتى معناها في الحديث التالى.","vol":"8","page":52},{"text":"مُعتاطٍ -والمُعتاطُ التى لَم تَلِدْ ولَدًا وقَد حانَ ولادُها- فأَخرَجتُها إلَيهِما، فقالا: ناولْناها. فجَعَلاها مَعَهُما على بَعيرِهِما ثُمَّ انطَلَقا (^١). كَذا قال وكيعٌ: مَحضًا. والصَّوابُ: مَخاضًا. وقالَ: مُسلِمُ بنُ ثَفِنَةَ. والصَّوابُ: مُسلِمُ بنُ شُعبَةَ. قالَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٥٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى مُسلِمُ بنُ شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، زادَ فيه: والشّافِعُ التى في بَطنِها ولَدُها (^٣).\n\n٧٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ حَزمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- مُصَدِّقًا، فمَرَرتُ برَجُلٍ فجَمَعَ لِى مالَه، فلَم أجِدْ عَلَيه فيها إلَّا ابنَةَ مَخاضٍ، فقُلتُ له: أدِّ ابنَةَ مَخاضٍ فإِنَّها صدَقَتُكَ. فقالَ: ذاكَ ما لا لَبَنَ فيه ولاظَهْرَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٤٦)، وأبو داود (١٥٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢٦)، والنسائى (٢٤٦١) من طريق وكيع به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤١).\n(^٢) تاريخ يحيى بن معين ٣/ ٦٩ (٢٦٨ - رواية الدورى).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢٧)، وأبو داود (١٥٨٢)، والنسائى (٢٤٦٢) من طريق روح به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٢). وينظر في معنى الشافع غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١٧/ ٣٩١.","vol":"8","page":53},{"text":"ولَكِن هذه ناقَةٌ عَظيمَةٌ سَمينَةٌ فخُذْها. فقُلتُ: ما أنا بآخِذٍ ما لَم أُومَرْ به، وهَذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنكَ قَريبٌ، فإِن أحبَبتَ أن تأتيَه فتَعرِضَ عَلَيه ما عَرَضتَ علىَّ فافعَلْ، فإِن قَبِلَه مِنكَ قَبِلتُه، وإِن رَدَّه عَلَيكَ رَدَدتُه. قال: فإِنَّى فاعِلٌ. قال: فخَرَجَ مَعِى وخَرَجَ مَعَه بالنّاقَةِ التى عَرَضَ علىَّ حَتَّى قَدِمنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، أتانِى رسولُك ليأخُذَ مِن صَدَقَةِ مالِى، وايمُ اللَّهِ ما قامَ في مالِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا رسولُه قَطُّ قَبلَه، فجَمَعتُ له مالِى، فزَعَمَ أنَّ ما علىَّ فيه (^١) ابنَةُ مَخاضٍ، وذَلِكَ ما لا لَبَنَ فيه ولا ظَهْرَ، وقَد عَرَضتُ عَلَيه ناقَةً عَظيمَةً ليأخُذَها فأَبَى علىَّ، وها هِىَ ذِه قَد جِئتُكَ بها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خُذْها. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذَلِكَ الَّذِى عَلَيكَ، فإِن تَطَوَّعتَ بخَير آجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فيه وقَبِلناه مِنكَ\". قال: فها هِىَ ذِه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَد جِئتُكَ بها فخُذْها. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقَبضِها، ودَعا له في مالِه بالبَرَكَةِ (^٢). ورَواه غَيرُه عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: ناقَةً فتبَّةً عَظيمَةً سَمينَةً (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1631>بابٌ: المُعتَدِى في الصَّدَقَةِ كَمانِعِها، والاعتداءُ قَد يَكونُ مِنَ السّاعِى وقَد يَكونُ مِن رَبِّ المالِ</span>\n\n٧٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح)،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٣: \"إلا\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٩، ٤٠٠، وأحمد (٢١٢٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٧٧) من طريق يعقوب به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٠١).","vol":"8","page":54},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ الَّلهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"المُعتَدِى في الصَّدَقَةِ كَمانِعِها\" (^١). قال قُتَيبَةُ: كان ابنُ لَهيعَةَ يقولُ: سِنانُ بنُ سَعدٍ.\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ: كَذا يَقولُه اللَّيثُ: سَعدُ بنُ سِنانٍ. وقالَ غَيرُه: سِنانُ بنُ سَعدٍ. قال البخارىُّ: الصحيحُ عِندِى: سِنانُ بنُ سَعدٍ، وسَعدُ بنُ سِنانٍ خَطأٌ، إنَّما قالَه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. قال: وقالَ اللَّيثُ مَرَّةً: سِنانٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىًّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَلْمٍ (^٣)، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ ابنَ أبى حَبيبٍ حَدَّثَه عن سِنانِ بنِ سَعدٍ الكِندِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا إيمانَ لِمَن لا أمانَةَ له، والمُعتَدِى في الصَّدَقَةِ كَمانِعِها\" (^٤). كَذا قال: سِنانُ بنُ سَعدٍ. وكَذَلِكَ يَقولُه سعيدُ بنُ أبى\nأيّوبَ (^٤)، وقالَه أيضًا أبو صالِحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٨٥)، والترمذى (٦٤٦) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (١٨٠٨) من طريق الليث به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٠٣).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٦٣، ١٦٤، والتاريخ الصغير ١/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"سلمة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١٩٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٦٤.","vol":"8","page":55},{"text":"٧٣٥٨ - قال الشيخُ: وقالَ الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ في رَجُلٍ وجَبَت عَلَيه الزَّكاةُ فلَم يُزَكِّ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مالُه، قال: هو دَينٌ عَلَيه حَتَّى يَقضيَه. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1632>بابُ الزَّكاةِ تَتلَفُ في يَدَىِ السّاعِى فلا يَكونُ على رَبِّ المالِ ضَمانُها</span>،\n\n٧٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إذا [أدَّيتُ الزكاةَ] (^٢) إلَى رسولِكَ فقَد بَرِئتُ مِنها إلَى اللَّهِ وإِلَى رسولِه؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم إذا أدَّيتَها (^٣) إلَى رسولِى فقَد بَرِئتَ مِنها، ولَكَ أجرُها، وإثمُها على مَن بَدَّلَها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٨٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"أديتها\".\n(^٣) في م: \"أديت الزكاة\".\n(^٤) ابن وهب (١٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٩٤) من طريق الليث. وعنده: \"عن سعيد بن أبى هلال عن أنس\". وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٥٣: فيه مجهول.","vol":"8","page":56},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1633>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَدَقَةِ البَقَرِ السّائمَةِ</span>\n\n٧٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُنادِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرْزَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ سوَيدٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وهو جالِسٌ في ظِلِّ الكَعبَةِ، فلَمّا رآنِى قال: \"هُمُ الأخسَرونَ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ\". قال: فجِئتُ حَتَّى جَلَستُ، فلَم أتَقارَّ أن قُمتُ (^١) فقُلتُ: مَن هُم؟ فِداكَ أبى وأُمَّى. قال: \"هُمُ الأكثَرونَ إلَّا مَن قال بالمالِ هَكَذا وهَكَذا -أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ- وقَليلٌ ما هُم، ما مِن صاحِبِ إبِلٍ ولا بَقَرٍ ولا غَنَمٍ لا يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَها إلَّا جاءَت يَومَ القيامَه أعظَمَ ما كانَت وأَسمَنَه، تَنطَحُه بقُرونِها وتَطَؤُه بأَخفافِها، كُلَّما نَفِدَت آخرُهَا عادَت عَلَيه أُولاها حَتَّى يُقضَى بَينَ النّاسِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أى: لم يمكننى قرار ولا ثبات حتى قمت. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٨.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٣٨٩)، ووكيع في الزهد (١٦٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٣٩٩)، والنسائى (٢٤٥٥)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٥١). وأخرجه الترمذى (٦١٧)، وابن حبان (٣٢٥٦) من طريق الأعمش به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٩٠/ ٣٠)، والبخارى (١٤٦٠، ٦٦٣٨).","vol":"8","page":57},{"text":"٧٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو على الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو أنَّ بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه، عن أبى صالحٍ ذَكوانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا لَم يُؤَدَّ المَرءُ حَقَّ اللَّهِ تَعالَى في الصَّدَقَةِ في إبِلِه بُطِحَ لَها بصَعيدٍ قَرقَرٍ، فوَطِئَته بأَخفافِها وعَضَّته بأَفواهِها، إذا مَرَّ عَلَيه آخرُها كَرَّ عَلَيه أوَّلُها حَتَّى يُرَى مَصدَرَه إمّا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ وإمّا مِنَ النّارِ، والبَقَرُ إذا لَم يُؤَدِّ حَقَّ اللَّهِ تَعالَى فيها بُطِحَ لَها بصَعيدٍ قَرقَرٍ، فوَطِئَته بأَظلافِها ونَطَحَته بقُرونِها، إذا مَرَّ عَلَيه آخرُها كَرَّ عَلَيه أوَّلُها حَتَّى يُرَى مَصدَرَه إمّا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ وإمّا مِنَ النّارِ، والغَنَمُ كَذَلِكَ تَنطَحُه بقُرونِها وتَطَؤُه بأَظلافِها لَيسَ فيها عَقصاءُ ولا جَمّاءُ (^١) حَتَّى يُرَى مَصدَرَه إمّا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ وإمّا مِنَ النّارِ، والخَيلُ ثَلَاثةٌ؛ أجرٌ ووزرٌ وسِترٌ؛ فمَنِ اقتَناها تَعَفُّفًا وتَغَنَّيًا كانَت له سِترًا، ومَنِ اقتَناها عُدَّةً لِلجِهادِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كانَت له أجرًا، وإن طَوَّلَ لَها شَرَفًا أو شَرَفَينِ كان له في ذَلِكَ أجرٌ، ومَنِ اقتَناها فخرًا ورياءً وَنِواءً (^٢) على المُسلِمينَ كانَت له وزرًا\". قال قائلٌ: أرأَيتَ الحُمُرَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"لَم يأتِ في الحُمُرِ شَئٌ إلَّا الآيَةُ الجامِعَةُ الفاذَّةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَشارَ إلَيه البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) شاة جماء: إذا لم تكن ذات قرن. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٢٢٥. وسبق بيان معنى العقصاء في (٧٣٠٥).\n(^٢) أى: معاداة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٢٢٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٧٣٠٥)، وسيأتى في (٧٤٩٣، ٧٨٦٣، ١٣٢٤٣).\n(^٤) مسلم ٢/ ٦٨٣، ٦٨٤ (٩٨٧/ ...)، والبخارى عقب (١٤٦٠).","vol":"8","page":58},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1634>بابُ كَيفَ فرضُ صَدَقَةِ البَقَرِ</span>\n\n٧٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ إملاءً، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، و(^١) الأعمَشُ عن شَقيقٍ عن مَسروقٍ قالا: قال مُعاذٌ: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ، وأَمَرَنِى أن آخُذَ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً ثَنيَّةً، ومِن كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعًا أو تَبيعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عَدلَه مَعافِرِىَّ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ والثَّورِىُّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: بَعَثَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ، وأَمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِن كُلِّ ثَلائينَ بَقَرَةً تَبيعًا أو تَبيعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ مُسِنَّةً، ومِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عَدْلَه مَعافِرَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٢) المعافرى: هى برود باليمن منسوبة إلى معافر وهى قبيلة باليمن. النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٢.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٢٢). وأخرجه الدارمى (١٦٦٣)، والنسائى (٢٤٥٠) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٢، وعبد الرزاق (٦٨٤١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٠١٣)، والترمذى (٦٢٣) بدون ذكر معمر. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٧٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٨) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائى (٢٤٤٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٠٣) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٩٦).","vol":"8","page":59},{"text":"٧٣٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلىُّ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وابنُ المُثَنَّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوهِ (^١).\n\n٧٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىَّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سأَلتُ نافِعًا عن البَقَرِ فقالَ: بَلَغَنِى عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ أنَّه قال: في كُلَّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعٌ أو تَبيعَةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً بَقَرَةٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح)، وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن طاوُسٍ اليَمانِى، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ -﵁- أخَذَ مِن ثَلاثينَ بَقَرَةً تَبيعًا، ومِن أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً، وأُتِى بما دونَ ذَلِكَ فأَبَى أن يأخُذَ مِنه شَيئًا وقالَ: لَم أسمَعْ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيه شَيئًا حَتَّى ألقاه فأَسأَلَه. فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ أن يَقدَمَ مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٧٧). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٤٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠١٣) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٣٨)، والشافعى ٢/ ٨، ٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير=","vol":"8","page":60},{"text":"٧٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ أُتِىَ بوَقَصِ البَقَرِ فقالَ: لَم يأمُرْنِى فيه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بشَيءٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والوَقَصُ ما لَم يَبلُغِ الفَريضَةَ (^١).\n\n٧٣٦٨ - ورَوَى الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ (^٢) ولَيسَ بحُجَّةٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: لَمّا بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ قيلَ له: ما أُمِرتَ؟ قال: أُمِرتُ أن آخُذَ مِنَ البَقَرِ مِن ثَلاثينَ تَبيعًا أو تَبيعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ مُسِنَّةً. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nولَه شاهِدٌ بإِسنادٍ أجوَدَ مِنه:\n\n٧٣٦٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى المَسعودِىُّ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ أمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِنَ البَقَرِ مِن كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعًا أو تَبيعَةً جَذَعًا أو جَذَعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ\n_________\n= (٤/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط) ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٠٨).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٣٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ٨.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٤ عن عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق به.","vol":"8","page":61},{"text":"بَقَرَةً بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً، فقالوا: فالأوقاصُ؟ قالَ (^١): ما أمَرَنِى فيها بشَئٍ، وسأَسأَلُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا قَدِمتُ عَلَيه. فلَمّا قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سأَلَه عن الأوقاصِ فقالَ: \"لَيسَ فيها شَئٌ\". وقالَ المَسعودِىُّ: والأوقاصُ ما دونَ الثَّلاثينَ وما بَينَ الأربَعينَ إلَى السِّتّينَ، فإِذا كانَت سِتّونَ ففيها تَبيعَتانِ، فإِذا كانَت سَبعونَ ففيها مُسِنَّةٌ وتَبيعٌ، فإِذا كانَت ثَمانونَ ففيها مُسِنَّتانِ، فإِذا كانَت تِسعونَ ففيها ثَلاثُ تَبائعَ. قال بَقيَّةُ: قال المَسعودِىُّ: الأوقاصُ هِىَ بالسّينِ الأوقاسُ، فلا تَجعَلْها بصادٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قال: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ البوشَنجِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى النُّفَيلىُّ أبو جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وعن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال زُهَيرٌ: أحسِبُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هاتوا رُبُعَ العُشرِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، قال فيه: \"وفِى البَقَرِ في كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعٌ، وفِى الأربَعينَ مُسِنَّةٌ، ولَيسَ على العَوامِلِ شَئٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"فقال\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٩. وأخرجه البزار (٤٨٦٨) من طريق بقية به.\nوالوقص: العيب والنقص، والسين لغة فيه. ينظر التاج ١٨/ ٢٠٦ (وق ص).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٤٧)، وسيأتى في (٧٤٦٧، ٧٤٦٨، ٧٥٩٥).","vol":"8","page":62},{"text":"عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن خُصيفٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"في البَقَرِ في كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعٌ أوتَبيعَةٌ جَذَعٌ أو جَذَعَةٌ، وفِى أربَعينَ مُسِنَّةٌ\" (^١). لَم يَذكُرْ جَناحٌ في رِوايَتِه: \"جَذَعٌ أو جَذَعَةٌ\". ورَواه شَريكٌ عن خُصيفٍ عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ عن أُمِّه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. قالَه البُخارِىُّ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٧٢ - وقَد مَضى في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ قال فيه: \"وفِى كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ باقورَةً تَبيعٌ جَذَعٌ أو جَذَعَةٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ باقورَةً بَقَرَةٌ\". حَدَّثَنيه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدتنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٧٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِىَّ يَرفَعُه، وابنِ أبى عَبّاشٍ، عن أنَسٍ يَرفَعُه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٠٤) من طريق عبد السلام به. وأحمد (٣٩٠٥) من طريق خصيف به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٤٦٠).\n(^٢) ينظر علل الترمذى عقب (١٧٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"8","page":63},{"text":"\"في أربَعينَ مِنَ البَقَرِ مُسِنَّةٌ، وفِي ثَلاثينَ تَبيعٌ أو تَبيعَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٧٤ - وأَمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: في كُلِّ خَمسٍ مِنَ البَقَرِ شاةٌ، وفِى عَشرٍ شاتانِ، وفِى خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ ثلاثُ شياهٍ، وفِى عِشرينَ أربَعُ شياهٍ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فإِذا كانَت خَمسًا وعِشرينَ ففيها بَقَرَةٌ إلَى خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ، فإِذا زادَت على خَمسٍ وسَبعينَ ففيها بَقَرَتانِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ ففِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً بَقَرَةٌ. قال مَعمَرٌ: قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ قَولَهُم: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"في كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ بَقَرَةً تَبيعٌ، وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً بَقَرَةٌ\". أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان تَخفيفًا لأهلِ اليَمَنِ، ثُمَّ كان هَذا بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). فهَذا حَديثٌ مَوقوفٌ ومُنقَطِعٌ، وروىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مُنقَطِعًا (^٣)، والمُنقَطِعُ لا تَثبُتُ به حُجَّةٌ، وما قَبلَه أكثَرُ وأَشهَرُ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ١٢/ ١١١ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى مرفوعًا، وذكره عن الثورى عن داود عن الشعبى مرسلًا. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠١٠) من طريق آخر عن الشعبى مرفوعًا. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٧٥٦٦) من طريق داود عن أنس مرفوعًا. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٥٥: الأول مرسل للشعبى، وابن أبى عياش واه.\n(^٢) المراسيل (١١٠).\n(^٣) ينظر المراسيل (١١٢).","vol":"8","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1635>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَدَقَةِ الغَنَمِ السَّائمَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1636>بابُ كَيفَ فَرضُ صَدَقَةِ الغَنَمِ</span>\n\n٧٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى الأنصارِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثُمامَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ لَمَّا استُخلِفَ بَعَثَه إلَى البحرَينِ وكَتَبَ له هَذا الكِتابَ: بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذه فريضةُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ اللَّهُ على المُسلِمينَ، التى أمَرَ بها رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فمَن سُئلها مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على وجهِها فليُعطِها، ومَن سُئلذَ فوقَها فلا يُعطِها. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في فرضِ الإبِلِ وما بَينَ أسنانِها، ثُمَّ قال: \"وصَدَقَةُ الغَنَمِ في سائمَتِها، فإِذا كانَت أربَعينَ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ ففيها شاةٌ، فإِذا زادَت على عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ مِائَتَينِ ففيها شاتانِ، فإِذا زادَت على مِائَتَينِ إلَى ثَلاِثمِائَةٍ ففيها ثَلاثُ شياهٍ، فإِذا زادَت على ثَلاِثمِائَةٍ ففِى كُلٌّ مِائَةٍ شاةٌ، ولا يؤخَذُ في الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ولا ذاتُ عُوارٍ ولا تَيسٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ المُصَدِّقُ، ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرَّقٍ ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بينهما بالسَّويَّةِ، فإِذا كانَت سائمَةُ الرَّجُلِ ناقِصَةً مِن أربَعينَ شاةً فلَيسَ فيها صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢)،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٤٨، ١٤٥٣، ١٤٥٤).","vol":"8","page":65},{"text":"وقَد مَضى سائرُ طُرُقِ هَذا الحديثِ (^١)، ومَضى في كِتابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الَّذِى كان عِندَ آلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- نَحوُ هَذا وأَبيَنُ مِن ذَلِكَ قال فيه: \"فإِذا كانَت شاةً ومِائَتَينِ ففيها ثَلاثُ شياهٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ ثَلاثَمِائَةٍ، فإِذا زادَت على ثَلاِثمِائَةِ شاةٍ فلَيسَ فيها إلَّا ثَلاثُ شياهٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ أربَعَمِائَةِ شاةٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَت أربَعَمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها أربَعُ شياهٍ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ خَمسَمِائَةٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَت خَمسَمِائَةِ شاةٍ ففيها خَمسُ شياهٍ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَها هَكَذا مِائَةً مِائَةً حَتَّى بَلَغَ ألفًا، قال: \"ثُمَّ في كُلَّ ما زادَت مِائَةَ شاةٍ شاةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1637>بابُ السِّنِّ التى تُؤخَذُ في الغَنَمِ</span>\n\n٧٣٧٦ - قَد مَضى في حَديثِ مُسلِمِ بنِ شُعبَةَ عن سِعْرِ بنِ دَيسَمٍ عن رسولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّهُما قالا في الشّاةِ التى أعطاهُما: هذه شافِعٌ، وقَد نَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نأخُذَ شافِعًا. والشّافِعُ التى في بَطنِها ولَدُها، قال: فقُلتُ: أىَّ شَئٍ تأخُذانِ؟ قالا: عَناقًا جَذَعَةً أو ثَنيَّةً. قال: فأَخرَجتُ لهما عَناقًا، فقالا: ارفَعْها إلَينا. فتَناوَلاها فحَمَلاها على بَعيرِهِما (^٣). أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى مُسلِمُ بنُ شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). إلَّا أنَّ شَيخَنا لَم يُثبِتِ اسمَ سِعْرِ بنِ دَيسَمٍ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٢٦ - ٧٣٢٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٣٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"بعير\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بعيريهما\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٥٤).","vol":"8","page":66},{"text":"٧٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ استَعمَلَ أباه سُفيانَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ على الطّائفِ ومَخاليفِها (^١)، فخَرَجَ مُصَدِّقًا، فاعتَدَّ عَلَيهِم بالغِذاءِ (^٢) ولَم يأخُذْه مِنهُم فقالوا له: إن كُنتَ مُعتَدًّا عَلَينا بالغِذاءِ فخُذْه مِنّا. فأَمسَكَ حَتَّى لَقِىَ عُمَرَ -﵁-، فقالَ له: اعلَمْ أنَّهُم يَزعُمونَ أنّا نَظلِمُهُم؛ نَعتَدُّ عَلَيهِم بالغِذاءِ ولا نأخُذُه مِنهُم. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: فاعتَدَّ عَلَيهِم بالغِذاءِ حَتَّى بالسَّخلَةِ يَروحُ بها الرّاعِى على يَدِه، وقُلْ لَهُم: لا آخُذُ مِنكُمُ الرُّبَّى (^٣)، ولا الماخِضَ (^٤)، ولا ذاتَ الدَّرِّ، ولا الشّاةَ الأَكُولَةَ (^٥)، ولا فحلَ الغَنَمِ. وخُذِ العَناقَ الجَذَعَةَ والثَّنيَّةَ، فذَلِكَ عَدلٌ بَينَ غِذاءِ المالِ وخيارِهِ (^٦).\n\n٧٣٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"مخالفها\". وفى ص ٣: \"محالها\". والمخاليف واحدها مخلاف، وهو كالإقليم والكور في غير اليمن. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٢) الغذاء: السخال الصغار. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٩١.\n(^٣) الربى: الشاة الحديثة العهد بالنتاج، وقيل: هى التى تربى ولدها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"ولا ذات عوار\".\n(^٥) الأكولة: هى التى تسمن للأكل ليست بسائمة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٩١.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٤٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٦، وهو في جزء ابن عيينة (٣٧)، وعنه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٧٤).\nوغذاء المال: رديئها وصغارها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٢٩.","vol":"8","page":67},{"text":"عن [ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ] (^١) الدِّيلِىِّ، عن ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سُفيانَ الثَّقَفِىَّ، عن جَدَّه سُفيانَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- بَعَثَه مُصَدِّقًا، وكانَ يَعُدُّ على النّاسِ بالسَّخْلِ، فقالوا: أتَعُدُّ عَلَينا بالسَّخْلِ ولا تأخُذُ مِنه شَيئًا؟! فلَمّا قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ ابنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: نَعَم نَعُدُّ عَلَيهِم بالسَّخلِ (^٢) يَحمِلُها الرّاعِى ولا نأخُذُها، ولا نأخُذُ الأكولَةَ ولا الرُّبَّى ولا الماخِضَ ولا فحلَ الغَنَمِ، ونأخُذُ الجَذَعَةَ والثَّنيَّةَ، وذَلِكَ عَدلٌ بَينَ غِذاءِ المالِ وخيارِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1638>بابٌ: لا يُؤخَذُ كَرائمُ أموالِ النّاسِ</span>\n\n٧٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَيفِىٍّ، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لَمّا بَعَثَ مُعاذًا على (^٤) اليَمَنِ قال: \"إنَّكَ تَقدَمُ على قَومٍ أهلِ كِتاب، فليَكُنْ أوَّلَ ما تَدعوهُم إلَيه عِبادَةُ اللَّهِ ﷿، فإِذا عَرَفوا اللَّهَ فأَخبِرْهُم أنَّ اللَّهَ قَد فرَضَ عَلَيهِم خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ في يَومِهِم ولَيلَتِهِم، فإِذا فعَلوا فأَخبِرْهُم أنَّ اللّهَ قَد فرَضَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"شعيب بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤١٦، ٢٧/ ٩٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"بالسخلة\".\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٧ و، ٧ ظ - مخطوط). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١١٨٦) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٤) في م: \"إلى\".","vol":"8","page":68},{"text":"عَلَيهِم زَكاةً تُؤخَذُ مِن أموالِهِم فتُرَدُّ (^١) على فُقَرائِهم، فإِذا أطاعوا بها فخُذْ مِنهُم وتَوَقَّ كَرائمَ أموالِ النّاسِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ بِسطامَ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ خَبّابٍ، عن مَيسَرَةَ أبى صالِحٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: سِرتُ -أو قال: أخبرَنِى مَن سارَ- مَعَ مُصَدِّقِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فإِذا في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألَّا تأخُذَ (^٤) مِن راضِعِ (^٥) لَبنٍ، ولا تَجمَعَ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ ولا تُفَرّقَ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ\". وكانَ إنَّما يأتِى المياهَ حينَ تَرِدُ الغَنَمُ فيَقولُ: أدّوا صَدَقاتِ أموالِكُم. قال: فعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم إلَى ناقَةٍ كَوماءَ -قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا صالِحٍ، ما الكَوماءُ؟ قال: عَظيمَةُ السَّنامِ- قال: فأَبَى أن يَقبَلَها. قال: فقالَ: إنِّى أُحِبُّ، أن تأخُذَ خَيرَ إبِلِى. قال: فأَبَى أن يَقبَلَها. قال: فخَطَمَ له أُخرَى دونَها فأَبَى أن يَقبَلَها، ثُمَّ خَطَمَ له أُخرَى دونَها فقَبِلَها، وقالَ: إنِّى آخِذُها وأَخافُ أن يَجِدَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: عَمَدتَ إلَى رَجُلٍ فتَخَيَّرتَ عَلَيه إبِلَه؟ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"وترد\". وكتب في حاشيتها: \"بخطه: فترد. ح ر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٦١٥)، والطبرانى (١٢٢٠٧) من طريق أمية بن بسطام به. وتقدم في (٧٣٥٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٥٨)، ومسلم (١٩/ ٣١).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"يأخذ\". بالياء وكذا ما بعده بالياء.\n(^٥) راضع لبن: ذات الدر واللبن، أو الراضع الصغير. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٥٧٩). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٩٧).","vol":"8","page":69},{"text":"٧٣٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا هِلالُ بنُ خَبّابٍ، عن مَيسَرَةَ أبى صالِحٍ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: أتانا مُصَدِّقُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فأَتَيتُه فجَلَستُ إلَيه، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: إنَّ في عَهدِى أن لا آخُذَ مِن راضِعِ لَبَنٍ، ولا يُفَرَّقَ (^١) بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ ولا يُجمَعَ بَينَ مُتَفَرَّقٍ. وأَتاه رَجُلٌ بناقَةٍ كَوماءَ فقالَ: خُذْها. فأَبَى (^٢).\n\n٧٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى لَيلَى الكِندِىِّ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: أخَذتُ بيَدِ مُصَدِّقِ (^٣) النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأَتَيتُه بناقَةٍ عَظيمَةٍ، فقالَ: أىُّ سَماءٍ تُظِلُّنِى، وأَىُّ أرضٍ تُقِلُّنِى، إذا أخَذتُ خيارَ مالِ امرِئٍ؟! فأَتَيتُه بناقَةٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فقَبِلَها (^٤).\n\n٧٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الطَّيالِسِىُّ حَمُّويَه، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، عن شَريكٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى لَيلَى الكِندِىِّ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: أتَى مُصَدَّقُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأَخَذتُ بيَدِه وأَخَذَ بيَدِى، فقَرأتُ في عَهدِه: أن لا يُجمَعَ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه: نفرق\".\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٣٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٥٦) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) ليس: ص ٣.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٢٦، ٢٢٧.","vol":"8","page":70},{"text":"ولا يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. قال: فأَتاه رَجُلٌ بناقَةٍ عَظيمَةٍ مُلَملَمَةٍ (^١) فأَبَى أن يأخُذَها، ثُمَّ أتاه بأُخرَى دونَها فأَبَى أن يأخُذَها، ثُمَّ أتاه بأُخرَى دونَها فأَبَى أن يأخُذَها، ثُمَّ قال: أىُّ أرضٍ تُقِلُّنِى، وأَىُّ سَماءٍ تُظِلُّنِى، إذا أنا أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَد أخَذتُ خيارَ إبِلِ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ (^٢)؟! وقَد [مَضَى في حَديثِ] (^٣) أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ حينَ خَرَجَ مُصَدِّقًا (^٤)، وفيه دَلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الأخذِ إذا تَطَوَّعَ به صاحِبُه.\n\n٧٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قال: رأَيتُ رَجُلًا في مَكانِ أيّوبَ عَلَيه [جُبَّةُ صوفٍ] (^٥) -وفِي رِوايَةِ الحارِثِ قال: رأَيتُ في مَجلِسِ أيّوبَ أعرابيًّا عَلَيه جُبَّةُ صوفٍ- فلَمّا رأَى القَومَ يَتَحَدَّثونَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَولاىَ قُرَّةُ ابنُ دُعْمُوصٍ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فإِذا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قاعِدٌ وأَصحابُه حَولَه (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"بخطه ملهمة\". وأشار إلى أنها بخطه أيضًا. والململمة: هى المستديرة سِمَنًا، من اللَّمِّ وهو الجمع. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٣٨٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٠١) من طريق شريك به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٤٥٧) وسيأتى في (٧٤٠٧).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مضى حديث\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٥٥).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: جبة من صوف\"، وهي كذلك في مسند الحارث.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"عنده\".","vol":"8","page":71},{"text":"فأَرَدتُ أن أدنوَ مِنه فلَم أستَطِعْ أن أدنوَ مِنه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، استَغفِرْ لِلغُلامِ النُّمَيرِىِّ. فقالَ: \"غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ\". قال: وبَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الضَّحّاكَ ساعيًا، قال: فجاءَ بإِبِلٍ جِلَّةٍ (^١)، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أتَيتَ هِلالَ بنَ عامِرٍ ونُمَيرَ بنَ عامِرٍ وعامِرَ بنَ رَبيعةَ (^٢) فأَخَذتَ جِلَّةَ أموالِهِم؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى سَمِعتُكَ تَذكُرُ الغَزوَ فأَحبَبتُ أن آتيَكَ بإِبِلٍ تَركَبُها وتَحمِلُ عَلَيها أصحابَكَ. قال: \"واللَّهِ لَلَّذِى تَرَكتَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِنَ الذِى جِئتَ به، اذهَبْ فرُدَّها عَلَيهِم، وخُذْ صَدَقاتِهِم مِن حَواشِى أموالِهِم (^٣) \" (^٤).\n\n٧٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى رَجُلانِ مِن أشجَعَ أنَّ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ الأنصارِىَّ كان يأتيهِم مُصدَّقًا، فيَقولُ لِرَبَّ المالِ: أخرِجْ إلَىَّ صَدَقَةَ مالِكَ. فلا يَقودُ إلَيه شاةً فيها وفاءٌ مِن حَقَّه إلَّا قَبِلَها. قال مالكٌ: السُّنَّةُ عِندَنا أنَّه لا يُضَيَّقُ على النّاسِ في زَكاتِهِم، وأَن يَقبَلَ مِنهُم ما دَفَعوا مِن زَكاةِ أموالِهِم (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: إذا كان فيما دَفَعوا وفاءٌ مِنَ الحَقِّ كمارَواه في حَديثِ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) جلة: أى العظام الكبار من الإبل، وجَلُّ كل شئ: عظمه. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ١١٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"ربيع\".\n(^٣) حواشى أموالهم: صغارها وأدانيها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٤.\n(^٤) الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٢٨٧ - بغية)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣١١، ٣١٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٩٣) من طريق جرير به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٥٨: هذا المولى مجهول.\n(^٥) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٦٧.","vol":"8","page":72},{"text":"ابنِ مَسلَمَةَ.\n\n٧٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه (^١) قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا مُصَدِّقًا قال: \"لا تأخُذْ مِن حَزَراتِ أنفُسِ النّاسِ شَيئًا؛ خُذِ الشّارِفَ والبَكْرَ وذَواتِ العَيبِ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: يقولُ: لا تأخُذْ خيارَ أموالِهِم؛ خُذِ الشّارِفَ وهِىَ المُسِنَّةُ الهَرِمَةُ، والبَكْرَ وهو الصَّغيرُ مِن ذُكورِ الإبِلِ، وإِنَّه كان في أوَّلِ الإِسلامِ قَبلَ أن يُؤخَذَ النّاسُ بالشَّرائعِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: الحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ، وقَد يُتَصَوَّرُ عِندَنا أخذُ الذُّكورِ والصِّغارِ والمَعيبَةِ إذا كانَت ماشيُتُه كُلُّها كَذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٣٨٧ - ورُوِّينا عن الثَّورِىِّ عن الأعمَشِ عن الحَكَمِ قال: إذا انتَهَى المُصدِّقُ إلَى الغَنَمِ صَدَعَها صَدْعَتينِ (^٤)، فيأخُذُ صاحِبُ الغَنَمِ خَيرَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"أمه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٠٤)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١١٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٢/ ٣٣ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٨٩، ٩٠.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وكتب: \"ص\"، فوقه في الأصل، وكتب في الحاشية: \"صدعين\" كما في مصدرى التخريج. والصدع: الفرقة من الشئ كالغنم ونحوه. التاج ٢١/ ٣٢٠ (ص د ع).","vol":"8","page":73},{"text":"الصدعَينِ (^١)، ويأخُذُ صاحِبُ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنَ الصَّدعِ الآخَرِ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٨٨ - وروَّينا عن عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه قال: يَصدَعُها ثَلاثَةَ أصداعٍ؛ ثُلُثٌ خيارٌ، وثُلُثٌ وسَطٌ، وثُلُثٌ دونٌ، فيَدَعُ المُصَدَّقُ الخيارَ ويأخُذُ مِنَ الوَسَطِ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عَنهُما بهِما جَميعًا (^٤).\nوقَد حَكَى الشَّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ هَذَينِ المَذهَبَينِ مِن غَيرِ تَسميَةِ قائليهِما. وروّينا عن الزُّهرِىَّ مِثلَ قَولِ القاسِمِ (^٥). ورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يَختارُ صاحِبُ الغَنَمِ الثُّلُثَ، ثُمَّ اختاروا مِنَ الثُّلُثَينِ الباقيَينِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1639>بابٌ: يُعَدُّ عَلَيهِم بالسِّخالِ التى نُتِجَت (^٧) مَواشيهِم، ولا يُؤخَذُ مِنها إذا كان في الأُمَّهاتِ بَقيَّةٌ</span>\n\n٧٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الصدعتين\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"الصدعين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٨١٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٨١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في س: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٨١١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٧٩) من طربق سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٨٠).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٨١٣، ٦٨١٧).\n(^٧) نتجت: أى ولدت، ولا يستعمل هذا الفعل إلا بضم أوله وفتح ثالثه. ينظر فتح البارى ٩/ ٥٩٧.","vol":"8","page":74},{"text":"الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن بشرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: استَعمَلَنِى عُمَرُ -﵁- على صَدَقاتِ قَومِى، فاعتَدَدتُ (^١) عَلَيهِم بالبَهْمِ (^٢)، فاشتكَوا (^٣) ذَلِكَ وقالوا: إن كُنتَ تَعُدُّها مِنَ الغَنَمِ فخُذْ مِنها صَدَقَتَكَ. قال: فاعتَدَدنا عَلَيهِم بها، ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ عُمَرَ فقُلتُ: إنَّ قَومِى استَنكَروا علىَّ أن أعتَدَّ عَلَيهِم بالبَهْمِ وقالوا: إن كُنتَ تَراها مِنَ الغَنَمِ فخُذْ مِنها صَدَقَتَكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: اعتَدَّ على قَومِكَ يا سفيانُ بالبَهْمِ وإِن جاءَ بها الرّاعِى يَحمِلُها في يَدِه، وقُلْ لِقَومِكَ: إنّا نَدَعُ لَهُمُ الماخِضَ والرُّبَّى وشاةَ اللَّحمِ وفَحلَ الغَنَمِ، ونأخُذُ الجَذَعَ والثَّنِىَّ، وذَلِكَ وسَطٌ بَينَنا وبَينَكُم في المالِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1640>بابٌ: لا يُعَدُّ عَلَيهِم بما استَفادوه مِن غَيِر نِتاجِها حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ والحارِثِ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مَرفوعًا: \"لَيسَ في مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^٥).\n\n٧٣٩٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"فاعتدت\".\n(^٢) البهم: جمع بَهْمة وهى ولد الضأن الذكر والأنثى. النهاية ١/ ١٦٨.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فاستنكروا\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٧٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٣٤٩).","vol":"8","page":75},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الحُنَينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، حدثنا أبو كُدَينَةَ، عن حارِثَةَ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ في المالِ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٣٩١ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: إن كان عِندَكَ مالٌ استَفَدتَه فلَيسَ عَلَيكَ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٩٢ - وعن حارِثَةَ بنِ أبى الرَّجالِ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت: لَيسَ في مالٍ مُستَفادٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٣). أخبرَنا بهِما أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ الحسَنِ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَهُما جَميعًا.\n\n٧٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ عُقبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: لَم يَكُنْ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- يأخُذُ مِن مالٍ زَكاةً حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٥).\n\n٧٣٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩١ من طريق الحنينى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٠٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣١٥) من طريق حارثة به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٦٠: الصواب وقف الخبرين.\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٥) المصحف في المعرفة (٢٢٧٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٥، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٢٤).","vol":"8","page":76},{"text":"يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىَّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: مَنِ استَفادَ مالًا فلا يُزَكَّيه حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٢).\n\n٧٣٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ علىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ البُسرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: لا زَكاةَ في مالٍ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٣٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: إذا استَفادَ الرَّجُلُ مالًا لَم تَحِلَّ فيه الزَّكاةُ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٤).\n\n٧٣٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ في مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٥). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الأسلمى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٣١) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٣٢) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٣٠) عن عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٢٤).","vol":"8","page":77},{"text":"ورَواه بَقيَّةُ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^١). ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ.\n\n٧٣٩٨ - ورُوىَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ في مالِ المُستَفيدِ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1641>بابُ الأُمَّهاتِ تَموتُ وتَبقَى السَّخالُ نِصابًا فيُؤخَذُ مِنها</span>\n\n٧٣٩٩ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىَّ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ [عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ] (^٤) عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: لَمّا تُوُفَّىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكانَ أبو بكرٍ بَعدَه، وكَفَرَ مَن كَفَرَ مِنَ العَرَبِ قال عُمَرُ: يا أبا بكرٍ، كَيفَ تُقاتِلُ النّاسَ وقَد قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، فمَن قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٠ من طريق بقية به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٠. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٣١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٢١٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٣.","vol":"8","page":78},{"text":"لا إلَهَ [إلَّا اللَّهُ. فقَد عَصَمَ مِنِّى] (^١) نَفسَه ومالَه إلَّا بحَقِّه، وحِسابُه على اللَّهِ\"؟ قال أبو بكرٍ: لأُقاتِلَنَّ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ؛ فإِنَّ الزَّكاةَ حَقُّ المالِ، واللَّهِ لَو مَنَعونِى عَناقًا كانوا يُؤَدّونَها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَقاتَلتُهُم على مَنعِها. قال عُمَرُ: فواللَّهِ ما هو إلَّا أن رأَيتُ أن قَد شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدرَ أبى بكرٍ لِلقِتالِ فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣)، قال: وقالَ اللَّيثُ: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خالِدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسافِرٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤). يَعنِى بذَلِكَ. قال البخارىُّ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الكِتابِ (^٥): قال لِى ابنُ بُكيَرٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ عن اللَّيثِ، يَعنِى عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ: عَناقًا.\nقال الشيخُ: وخالَفَهُما قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن اللَّيثِ عن عُقَيلٍ ققالَ: عِقالًا.\n\n٧٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىًّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وقالَ: واللَّهِ لَو مَنَعونِى عِقالًا (^٦). قال أبو داودَ: وقالَ شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزة ومَعمَرٌ والزُّبَيدِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىَّ في هَذا الحديثِ: قال: لَو مَنَعونِى\n_________\n(^١) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: إلا اللَّه. عصم منى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٧) عن أبى اليمان به. والنسائى (٣٠٩٢)، وابن حبان (٢١٦) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٩٩، ١٤٠٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٥٦) مقتصرًا على موضع الشاهد.\n(^٥) البخارى (٧٢٨٥).\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٥٥٦). وأخرجه مسلم (٢٠)، والترمذى (٢٦٠٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٢) عن قتيبة به. وسيأتى عقب (٧٤٥٢).","vol":"8","page":79},{"text":"عَناقًا (^١). ورَواه رَباحُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: عِقالًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عن رَباحٍ: عَناقًا (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: عِقالًا (^٤). ورَواه عَنبَسَةُ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ في هَذا الحديث قال: عَناقًا (^٥). قال أبو داودَ: قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ مَعمَرُ ابنُ المُثَنَّى: العِقالُ صَدَقَةُ سنةٍ، والعِقالانِ صَدَقَةُ سَنَتَينِ (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: والعَناقُ لا يُتَصَوَّرُ أخذُها إلَّا فيما ذَكَرنا. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1642>بابٌ: لا يَكتُمُ شَيئًا مِن مالِ الزَّكاةِ ولا يِغُلُّ</span>\n\n٧٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ (^٧) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، حدثنا شَيخٌ مِن بَنِى سَدوسٍ يُقالُ له: دَيسَمٌ، عن بَشيرِ ابنِ الخَصاصِيَّةِ -وكانَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قَد سَمَّاه بَشيرًا- قال:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١٥٥٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧١٨) عن معمر دون ذكر أبى هريرة. وأخرحه النسائى (٣٠٩١) من طريق الزبيدى به.\n(^٢) ينظر سنن أبى داود عقب (١٥٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٥٧).\n(^٥) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٥٥٦).\n(^٦) لم نجده في كتب أبى عبيدة التى بين أيدينا، ونقله أبو عبيد عن الكسانى مختصرًا. غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢١٠. أبو داود (١٥٥٨) طبعة كمال يوسف الحوت، وقد ذكرت هذه الزيادة في حاشية عون المعبود، وقال: هذه العبارة لا توجد إلا في نسخة واحدة. اهـ. وكذا ذكرها المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٣٢١ عن أبى داود.\n(^٧) ليست في: الأصل. وهى في حاشيتها وكتب أنها في: ح ر.","vol":"8","page":80},{"text":"أتَيناه فقُلنا: إنَّ أصحابَ الصَّدَقَةِ يَعتَدُونَ عَلَينا (^١)، فنَكتُمُهُم قَدرَ ما يَزيدونَ عَلَينا؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِ اجمَعوها، فإِذا أخَذوها فأمُروهُم فليُصَلّوا عَلَيكُم\". ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ (^٢) [التوبة: ١٠٣].\n\n٧٤٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على ويَحيَى بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أصحابَ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٣). ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ فلَم يَرفَعْه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1643>بابُ ما ورَدَ فيمَن كَتَمَهُ</span>\n\n٧٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"في كُلِّ أربَعينَ مِنَ الإِبِلِ سائمَةٍ (^٥) ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، مَن أعطاها مُؤتَجِرًا فلَه أجرُها، ومَن كَتَمَها فإِنّا آخِذوها وشَطرَ إبلِه عَزيمَةً مِن عَزَماتِ رَبِّكَ، لا يَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ولا لآلِ محمدٍ\" (^٦). كَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عليها\"، وهى هكذا في حاشيتها.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٦٨١٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥٨٧). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٨٦).\n(^٥) في م، ومصنف عبد الرزاق: \"السائمة\".\n(^٦) عبد الرزاق (٦٨٢٤)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود -كما في تحفة الأشراف =","vol":"8","page":81},{"text":"وقالَ أكثَرُهُم: \"عَزْمَةً مِن عَزَماتِ رَبَّنا\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولا يُثبِتُ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ أن تُؤخَذَ الصَّدَقَةُ وشَطرُ إبِلِ الغالِّ لِصَدَقَتِه، ولَو ثَبَتَ قُلنا بهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا حَديثٌ قَد أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣)، فأَمّا البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ، فإِنَّهُما لَم يُخرِجاه جَريًا على عادَتِهِما في أنَّ الصَّحابِىَّ أو التّابِعِىَّ (^٤) إذا لَم يَكُنْ له إلَّا راوٍ واحِدٌ لَم يُخرِجا حَديثَه في \"الصحيحين\"، ومُعاويَةُ بنُ حَيْدَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ لَم يَثبُتْ عِندَهُما رِوايَةُ ثِقَةٍ عنه غَيرَ ابنِه، فلَم يُخرِجا حَديثَه في \"الصحيح\" واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. وقَد كان تَضعيفُ الغَرامَةِ على مَن سَرَقَ في ابتِداءِ الإِسلامِ ثُمَّ صارَ مَنسوخًا، واستَدَلَّ الشّافِعِىُّ على نَسخِه بحَديثِ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ فيما أفسَدَت ناقَتُه، فلَم يُنَقَلْ عن النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- في تِلكَ القِصَّةِ أنَّه أضعَفَ الغَرامَةَ، بَل نُقِلَ فيها حُكمُه بالضَّمانِ فقَط، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هَذا مِن ذاكَ (^٥). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= (١١٣٨٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠١٦)، وأبو داود (١٥٧٥)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٣، ٢٤٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٦) من طرق عن بهز به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٩٣).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٧.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥٧٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"التابع\"، وكتب في حاشيتها: \"بخطه التابعى\".\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ١٩٨. وحديث البراء سيأتى في (١٧٣٦٥، ١٧٧٣٧ - ١٧٧٤١، ١٧٧٤٤، ١٧٧٤٥)، وعقب (٢٠٣٩١).","vol":"8","page":82},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1644>بابُ صَدَقَةِ الخُلَطاءِ</span>\n\n٧٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البِسطامِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى ثُمامَةُ، أنَّ أنَسًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ كَتَبَ له: هذه فريضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على المُسلِمينَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرَّقٍ ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بَينَهُما بالسَّويَّةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢)، قال البخارىُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ: ويُذكَرُ عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلُه (^٣).\n\n٧٤٠٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داود، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كتابَ الصَّدَقَةِ فلَم يُخرِجْه إلَى عُمّالِه حَتَّى قُبِضَ، فقَرَنَه بسَيفِه، فعَمِلَ به أبو بكرٍ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، ثُمَّ عَمِلَ به عُمَرُ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، فكانَ فيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَدَقَةِ الإِبِلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٧٩) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٣٢٦ - ٧٣٢٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٥٠، ١٤٥١).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (١٤٤٩).","vol":"8","page":83},{"text":"وصَدَقَةِ الغَنَمِ وقالَ: \"ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرَّقٍ مَخافَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ (^١)، وما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنهما يَتَراجَعانِ بالسَّويَّةِ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّيناه في حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى النُّفَيلىُّ أبو جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ ابنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وعن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-. قال زُهَيرٌ: أحسِبُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في زَكاةِ الوَرِقِ والغَنَمِ والإِبِلِ، إلَى أن قال: \"فإِذا زادَت واحِدَةً -يَعنِى على التِّسعينَ- ففيها حِقَّتانِ طَروقَتا الجَمَلِ إلَى عِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ، فإِذا كانَتِ الإِبِلُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ ففِى كُلّ خَمسينَ حِقَّةٌ، وفِى كُلّ أربَعينَ كَذا، ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ ولا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرّقٍ خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ البَزّازُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى لَيلَى الكِندِىِّ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: أتانا مُصَدِّقُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَخَذتُ بيَدِه وقَرأتُ في عَهدِه قال: \"لا يُجمَعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ ولا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ مُجتَمِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"للصدقة\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٦٨). وتقدم في (٨٣٣٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٤٧).","vol":"8","page":84},{"text":"خَشيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ السّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: صَحِبتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ زَمانًا، فلَم أسمَعْه يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا حَديثًا واحِدًا يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُفَرَّقُ بينَ مُجتمِعٍ ولا يُجمعُ بَينَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ في الصَّدَقَةِ، والخَليطانِ ما اجتَمَعَ على الفَحلِ والرّاعِى (^٢) والحَوضِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُه قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَبيصةُ، عن (^٤) سُفيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، [عن ابنِ عُمَر] (^٥) قال: ما كان مِن خَليطَينِ فإِنَّهُما يَتَراجَعانِ بالسَّويَّةِ. قال سفيانُ: قُلتُ لِعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: ما يَعنِى بالخَليطَينِ؟ قال: إذا كان المُراحُ (^٦) واحِدًا، والرّاعِى واحِدًا، والدَّلوُ واحِدًا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٨٠). وتقدم في (٧٣٨٣).\n(^٢) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"ضبب في أصل المؤلف على الألف من الراعى فيرجح الرعى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ٣٣٨ عن ابن بشران به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٦٠) - ومن طريقه الشاشى (٦٢) - عن أبى الأسود به. والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٤ من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٦٢: فيه ابن لهيعة.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: نا\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عن ابن عمر عن عمر\".\n(^٦) المراح بالضم: الموضع الذى تروح إليه الماشية. أى تأوى إليه ليلًا. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٧٩٩) عن سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":85},{"text":"٧٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: قَدِمَ الحَسَنُ مَكَّةَ فسأَلوه عن أربَعينَ شاةً بَينَ رَجُلينِ، قال: فيها شاةٌ (^١).\n\n٧٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سأَلتُ عَطاءً عن النَّفَرِ الخُلَطاءِ لَهُم أربَعونَ شاةً، قالَ: عَلَيهِم شاةٌ. قُلتُ: فإِن كانَت لِواحِدٍ تِسعٌ وثَلاثونَ ولآخَرَ شاةٌ؟ قال: عَلَيهِما شاةٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1645>بابُ مَن تَجِبُ عَلَيه الصَّدَقَةُ</span>\n\n٧٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ ومالِكٌ وسُفيانُ الثَورِىُّ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، أنَّ عمرَو بنَ يَحيَى المازِنِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسةِ\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٠.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٤.","vol":"8","page":86},{"text":"أوسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمرِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فدَلَّ قَولُه -ﷺ- على أنَّ خَمسَ ذَودٍ وخَمسَ أواقٍ وخَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ، إذا كان واحِدٌ مِنها لِحُرٍّ مُسلِمٍ، ففيه الصَّدَقَةُ في المالِ نَفسِه لا في المالِكِ؛ لأنَّ المالِكَ لَو أعوَزَ مِنها لَم يكُنْ عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ (^٣).\n\n٧٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ابتَغوا في مالِ اليَتيمِ -أو في مالِ (^٤) اليَتامَى- لا تُذهِبْها، أو لا تَستَهلِكْها - الصَّدَقَة\" (^٥). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ، إلَّا أنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀ أكّدَه بالاستِدلالِ بالخَبَرِ الأوَّلِ، وبِما رُوىَ عن الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- في ذَلِكَ.\nوقَد رُوىَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَرفوعًا:\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٨٤)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٧٦)، والترمذى (٦٢٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٤) من طريق الثورى به. وتقدم في (٧٣٢٣ - ٧٣٢٥)، وسيأتى في (٧٥٤٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٤٧)، ومسلم (٩٧٩/ ١).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٣٠.\n(^٤) في م، والمعرفة: \"أموال\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٥٩)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٩.","vol":"8","page":87},{"text":"٧٤١٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الدَّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألَا مَن وَلِىَ يَتيمًا له مالٌ فليَتَّجِرْ له فيه، ولا يَترُكْه تأكلُه الزَّكاةُ\" (^١).\nورُوىَ عن مِنْدَلِ بنِ على عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىَّ عن عمرٍو بمَعناه (^٢).\nوالمُثَنَّى ومِنْدَل غَيرُ قَويَّينِ (^٣).\n\n٧٤١٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا حُسَين المُعَلَّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الفسَيَّبِ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: ابتَغُوا بأَموالِ اليَتامَى لا تأكلْها الصَّدَقَةُ (^٤). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، ولَه شَواهِدُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٤١) من طريق الوليد به. وقال الترمذى: في إسناده مقال؛ لأن المثنى بن الصباح يضعف في الحديث.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٠.\n(^٣) المثنى تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٦٤٤).\nومندل بن على العنزى أبو عبد الله الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: طبقات ابن سعد ٦/ ٣٨١، والتاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٨/ ٧٣، وضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ٢٦٦، والمجروجن ٣/ ٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٤٩٣، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٨٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٢٩٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٧٤: ضعيف.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٠.","vol":"8","page":88},{"text":"٧٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مِحْجَنٍ أو ابنَ مِحْجَنٍ، وكانَ خادِمًا لِعُثمانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ، قال: قَدِمَ عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاصِ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: كَيفَ مَتجَرُ أرضِكَ؟ فإِنَّ عِندِى مالَ يَتيمٍ قَد كادَتِ الزَّكاةُ أن تُفنِيَه. قال: فدَفَعَه إلَيه (^١). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\nورَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبى العاصِ عن عُمَرَ (^٢)، وكِلاهُما مَحفوظٌ، ورَواه الشّافِعِىُّ مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وابنِ سيرينَ عن عُمَرَ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n٧٤١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن بَعضِ ولَدِ أبى رافِعٍ قال: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يُزَكِّى أموالَنا ونَحنُ يَتامَى (^٤).\n\n٧٤١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٠٣) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١١٠٨٨).\n(^٣) الشافعى ٢/ ٢٨، ٢٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٦٧). وأخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٠١، والتاريخ الصغير ٤/ ٣٠٢ عن أبى نعيم به.","vol":"8","page":89},{"text":"أخبرَنا أشعَثُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن صَلْتٍ المَكَّىَّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان أقطَعَ أبا رافِعٍ أرضًا، فلَمّا ماتَ أبو رافِعٍ باعَها عُمَرُ -﵁- بثَمانينَ ألفًا، فدَفَعَها إلَى عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- فكانَ يُزَكّيها، فلَمّا قَبَضَها ولَدُ أبى رافِعٍ عَدّوا مالَهُم فوَجَدوها ناقِصَةً، فأَتَوا عَليًّا -﵁- فأَخبَروه، فقالَ: أحَسَبتُم زَكاتَها؟ قالوا: لا. قال: فحَسَبوا زَكاتَها فوَجَدوها سَواءً، فقالَ علىٌّ: أكُنتُم تُرَونَ يَكونُ عِندِى مالٌ لا أُؤَدَّى زَكاتَه (^١). ورَواه حُسنُ بنُ صالِحٍ وجَريرُ ابنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن أشعَثَ وقالا: عن ابنِ أبى رافِعٍ (^٢). وهو الصَّوابُ.\n\n٧٤١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى اليَقظانِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- زَكَّى أموالَ بَنِى أبى رافِعٍ، قال: فلَمّا دَفَعَها إلَيهِم وجَدوها تَنْقُصُ (^٣)، فقالوا: إنا وجدَناها بنَقصٍ. فقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: أتُرَونَ أنَّه يَكونُ عِندِى مالٌ لا أُزَكِّيه (^٤)؟!\n\n٧٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٠، ١١١، وعنده: عن ابن أبى رافع.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٠ من طريق الحسن بن صالح به، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٠٢ من طريق جرير به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٦٣: إنما المحفوظ وفاة أبى رافع في زمن على.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ وعند الدارقطنى: \"بنقص\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٠٣) عن شريك به.","vol":"8","page":90},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه قال: كانَت عائشَةُ تَلينِى وأَخًا لِى يَتيمٌ في حَجْرِها، وكانَت تُخرِجُ مِن أموالِنا الزَّكاةَ (^١).\n\n٧٤٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُزَكَّى مالَ اليَتيمِ (^٢).\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n٧٤٢٢ - فأَمّا ما أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرٍ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن ولِىَ مالَ يَتيمٍ فليُحْصِ عَلَيه السِّنينَ، فإِذا دَفَعَ إلَيه مالَه أخبَرَه بما فيه مِنَ الزَّكاةِ، فإِن شاءَ زَكَّى وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وغَيرُه عن لَيثٍ (^٥).\nوقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ في مُناظَرةٍ جَرَت بَينَه وبَينَ مَن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٦٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٦٨)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٩.\n(^٣) ينظر أثر جابر عند عبد الرزاق (٦٩٨١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٠٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣١٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٩٩٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢١٥) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٨٩ عن ابن علية وابن أبى زائدة عن ليث به.","vol":"8","page":91},{"text":"خالَفَه وجَوابِه عن هَذا الأثَرِ: مَعَ أنَّكَ تَزعُمُ أنَّ هَذا لَيسَ بثابِتٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مِن وجهَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما أنَّه مُنقَطِعٌ، وأَنَّ الَّذِى رَواه لَيسَ بحافِظٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وجْهَةُ انقِطاعِه أنَّ مُجاهِدًا لَم يُدرِكِ ابنَ مَسعودٍ، وراويه الَّذِى لَيسَ بحافِظٍ هو لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ، وقَد ضعَّفَه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٢).\nورُوىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣)، إلَّا أنَّه يَتَفَرَّدُ بإِسنادِه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، وابنُ لَهيعَةَ لا يحتج به (^٤). واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1646>بابُ مَن قال: لَيسَ في مالِ العَبدِ زَكاةٌ</span>\n\n٧٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىًّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ في مالِ العَبدِ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَعتِقَ (^٥). هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى مُعاويَةَ: لَيسَ في مالِ مَملوكٍ زَكاةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٩.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام على ليث بن أبى سليم في (٥٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٢.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٢٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٧١) عن ابن بشران. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٢٩) عن ابن نمير به، دون قوله: حتى يعتق.","vol":"8","page":92},{"text":"وروىَ ذَلِكَ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1647>بابُ مَن قال: زَكاةُ مالِه على مالكِه، وأَنَّ العَبدَ لا يَملِكُ</span>\n\n٧٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ عبدًا فمالُه لِلَّذِى باعَه، إلَّا أنْ يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى شَيبانُ وجَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن رَجُلٍ قال: سأَلتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أعَلَى المَملوكِ زَكاةٌ؟ فقالَ: لا. فقُلتُ: على مَن هِىَ؟ فقالَ: على مالكِهِ (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن جابِرٍ الحَذّاءِ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ: هَل في\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٠٠٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١١)، وابن حبان (٤٩٢٢) من طرق عن الليث به. وسيأتى في (١٠٨٦١ - ١٠٨٦٣، ١٢٣٦٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٨٠)، والبخارى (٢٣٧٩).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٢٥١ عن عبد اللَّه بن نافع به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٦٤: الرجلُ لا يُدْرَى من هو.","vol":"8","page":93},{"text":"مالِ المَملوكِ زَكاةٌ؟ قال: في مالِ كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ زَكاةٌ؛ في مِائَتَينِ خَمسَةٌ، فما زادَ فبالحِسابِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1648>بابٌ: لَيسَ في مالِ المُكاتَبِ زَكاةٌ</span>\n\n٧٤٢٦ - رُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، وذَلِكَ فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه، عن أبى الوَليدِ الفَقيهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن العُمَرِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ في مالِ العَبدِ ولا المُكاتَبِ زَكاةٌ. وعن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لَيسَ في مالِ المُكاتَبِ ولا العَبدِ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَعتِقَ (^٢).\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ في المُكاتَبِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بَزِيعٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣)، وهو ضَعيفٌ، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ. وهو قَولُ مَسروقٍ، وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، وعَطاءٍ، ومَكحولٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1649>بابُ الوَقتِ الَّذِى تَجِبُ فيه الصَّدَقَةُ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ عاصِمِ بنِ ضمرَةَ والحارِثِ عن علىٍّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٥٧، ١٠٣٣٨) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٢٥، ١٠٣٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٨.\n(^٤) أخرج ابن أبى شيبة قول مسروق في (١٠٣٢٤)، وقول سعيد بن المسيب وابن جبير في (١٠٣٢٣)، وقول عطاء في (١٠٣٣٥). وأخرج قول مكحول ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٤٥٩).","vol":"8","page":94},{"text":"\"لَيسَ في مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^١).\nوحَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الغاضِرِىَّ عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثٌ مَن فعَلَهُنَّ فقَد طَعِمَ طَعْمَ الإِيمانِ\". فذَكَرَ مِنهُنَّ: \"وأَعطَى زَكاةَ مالِه طَيِّبَةً بها نَفسُه، رافِدَةً عَلَيه في كُلِّ عامٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٤٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لَمّا ماتَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- جاءَ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- مالٌ مِن قِبَلِ ابنِ الحَضرَمِىِّ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: مَن كان له على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- دَينٌ، أو كانَت له قِبَلَه عِدَةٌ فلْيأْتِنا. قال جابِرٌ: فقُلتُ: وعَدَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعطينِى هَكَذا وهَكَذا. فبَسَطَ يَدَيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، أظُنُّه قال: خُذْ. فحَثَوتُ فإِذا هِىَ خَمسُمِائَةٍ. قال جابِرٌ: فعَدَّ في يَدِى خَمسَمِائَةٍ، [ثُمَّ خَمسَمِائَةٍ] (^٣). قال: وزادَ عَلَيه غَيرُه في الحديثِ أنَّه قال لِجابِرٍ: لَيسَ عَلَيكَ فيه صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٤).\n\n٧٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٥١).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٣، وبعده عند عبد الرزاق: ثم خمسمائة.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٠٣٤). وأخرجه البخارى (٢٦٨٣)، ومسلم (٢٣١٤/ ٦١) من طرق عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"8","page":95},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ مَولَى الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سأَلَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ عن مُكاتَبٍ له قاطَعَه بمالٍ عَظيمٍ هَل عَلَيه فيه زَكاةٌ؟ فقالَ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصَّدّيقَ -﵁- لَم يَكُنْ يأْخُذُ مِن مالٍ زَكاةً حَتَى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ. قال القاسِمُ: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ إذا أعطَى النّاسَ أَعطياتِهِم سأَلَ الرَّجُلَ هَل عِندَكَ مِن مالٍ وجَبَت عَلَيكَ فيه الزَّكاةُ؟ فإِنْ قال: نَعَم. أخَذَ مِن عَطائِه زَكاةَ مالِه ذَلِكَ، وإِنْ قال: لا. سَلَّمَ إلَيه عَطاءَه ولَم يأْخُذْ مِنه شَيئًا (^١).\n\n٧٤٢٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ قال: حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أَخبَرَنا مالكٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ قُدامَةَ، عن أبيها قال: كُنتُ إذا جِئتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- أقبِضُ مِنه عَطائى سأَلَنِى هَل عِندَكَ مِن مالٍ وجَبَت فيه الزَّكاةُ؟ فإِنْ قُلتُ: نَعَم. أخَذَ مِن عَطائى زَكاةَ ذَلِكَ المالِ، وإِنْ قُلتُ: لا. دَفَعَ إلَىَّ عَطائِى. لَفظَ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وإِنْ قُلتُ: لا. سَلَّمَ إلَىَّ عَطائى، ولَم يأْخُذْ مِنه شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n٧٤٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٤٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٢٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٧٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٥، ٢٤٦.","vol":"8","page":96},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لا تَجِبُ فى مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^١).\n\n٧٤٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أوَّلُ مَن أخَذَ مِنَ الأَعطيَةِ الزَّكاةَ مُعاويَةُ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: والعَطاءُ فائدَةٌ، ولا زَكاةَ فيه حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1650>بابُ ما على الإمامِ مِن بَعثِ السُّعاةِ على الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٧٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرَ على الصَّدَقَةِ (^٤). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيحِ\" (^٥).\nوثَبَتَ عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: استَعمَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا على صَدَقاتِ بَنِى سُلَيمٍ يُدعَى ابنَ اللُّتْبِيَّةِ، فلَمّا جاءَ حاسَبَه (^٦). وفيه أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ.\n\n٧٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٧٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٧٧)، والشانعى ٢/ ١٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٧.\n(^٤) أحمد (٨٢٨٤). وسيأتى فى (٧٤٤٣، ١٢٠٣٧).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٤٦٨)، ومسلم (٩٨٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى (١٥٠٠)، ومسلم (١٨٣٢).","vol":"8","page":97},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- لَم يَكونا يأْخُذانِ الصَّدَقَةَ مَثناةً (^١)، ولَكِن يَبعَثانِ عَلَيها فى الجَدبِ والخَصبِ والسِّمَنِ والعَجَفِ؛ لأَنَّ أَخْذَها فى كُلِّ عامٍ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُنَّةٌ (^٢). ورَواه فى القَديمِ عن إبراهيمَ وزادَ فيه: ولا يُضَمِّنونَها أهلَها، ولا يُؤَخِّرونَ أخذَها عن كُلِّ عامٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1651>بابٌ: أينَ تُؤخَذُ صَدَقَةُ الماشيَةِ</span>؟\n\n٧٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ عامَ الفَتحِ، فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: \"لا جَلَبَ ولا جَنَبَ (^٤)، ولا تُؤخَذُ صَدَقاتُهُم إلَّا فى دُورِهِم\" (^٥).\n\n٧٤٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الزُوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) مثناة: أى لا تؤخذ مرتين فى السنة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٢٤، والمغرب ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٧٩)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٢٢٧٩).\n(^٤) الجلب فى الصدقة: أن يجلبوا إلى المصدق أنعامهم فى موضع ينزله، والجنب فى الصدقة هو أن يجنب رب المال بماله (أى يبعده) عن موضعه حتى يحتاج العامل إلى الإبعاد فى اتباعه وطلبه. ينظر الفائق ١/ ٢٢٤، والنهاية ١/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٨٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٢٤) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٦٦٩٢)، وأبو داود (١٥٩١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وسيأتى فى (١٦٠١١).","vol":"8","page":98},{"text":"يقولُ: عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ فى قَولِه: \"لا جَلَبَ ولا جَنَبَ\". قال: أنْ تُصَدَّقَ الماشيَةُ فى مَواضِعِها ولا تُجلَبَ إلَى المُصَدِّقِ. والجَنَبُ [عن هذه الطَّريقَةِ] (^١) أيضًا لا يُجْنَبُ (^٢) أصحابُها، يقولُ: ولا يَكونُ الرَّجُلُ بأَقصَى مَوَضِعِ أصحابِ الصَّدَقَةِ فَتُجْنَبُ إلَيه، ولَكِن تُؤخَذُ فى مَوضِعِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُؤخَذُ صَدَقاتُ المُسلِمينَ عِندَ مياهِهِم- أو عِندَ أفنيَتِهِم\". شَكَّ أبو داودَ (^٤).\n\n٧٤٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُؤخَذُ صَدَقاتُ أهلِ الباديَةِ على مياهِهِم وبأَفنيَتِهِم\" (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صالِحٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: \"تُؤخَذُ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية س: \"على الطريقة\"، وعند أبى داود: \"عن هذه الفريضة\".\n(^٢) إحالة غير واضحة فى س، وفى م: \"تجنب\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥٩٢).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٣٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٣٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٣٤٦)، والطبراني فى الأوسط (٥١١٥) من طريق عبد الله بن=","vol":"8","page":99},{"text":"صَدَقاتُ المُسلِمينَ مِن أموالِهِم على مياهِهِم وأَفنيَتِهِم\". وقالَ: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1652>بابُ الاستِسلافِ على أهلِ الصَّدَقَةِ ثُمَّ قَضائِه مِن سُهمانِهِم</span>\n\n٧٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- استَسلَفَ مِن رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا (^١)، فجاءَته إبِلٌ مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ فأَمَرَنِى أن أقضيَه إيّاه (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1653>بابُ تَعجيلِ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\nاعتَمَدَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فيه على ما ثَبَتَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى اليَمينِ: \"فلْيُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه، وليأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\"، ثُمَّ على ما ثَبَتَ عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى ذَلِكَ؛ مِنهُم عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- رُبَّما كَفَّرَ يَمينَه قَبلَ أن يَحنَثَ، ورُبَّما كَفَّرَ بَعدَما يَحنَثُ. ومَوضِعُه كِتابُ الأيمانِ (^٤).\n_________\n= صالح به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٦٦: عبد الملك ليس بعمدة.\n(^١) البَكْر هو الفتى من الإبل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٨٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٠، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧١٨١)، والدارمى (٢٦٠٧)، وأبو داود (٣٣٤٦)، والترمذى (١٣١٨)، والنسائى (٤٦٣١). وسيأتى فى (١١٠٥٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٠/ ١١٨).\n(^٤) ينظر ما سيأتى فى (١٩٨٧٠ - ١٩٩٩١).","vol":"8","page":100},{"text":"٧٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ويُروَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ولا أدرِى أيَثبُتُ أم لا: أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-[تَسَلَّفَ صَدَقَةَ] (^١) مالِ العباسِ قَبلَ تَحِلُّ (^٢).\n\n٧٤٤٠ - يَعنِى به ما: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ دينارٍ، عنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، عن علىٍّ، أنَّ العباسَ -﵁- سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى تَعجيلِ صَدَقَتِه قَبلَ أن تَحِلَّ فأَذِنَ له فى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٤١ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال أبو داودَ: هَذا الحَديثُ رَواه هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وحَديثُ هُشَيمٍ أصَحُّ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فيه علَى الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، فرَواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ زَكَريّا، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن الحَكَمِ هَكَذا، وخالَفَه إسرائيلُ، عن حَجّاجٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"يسلف\"، وفى ص ٣: \"يسلف صدقة\".\n(^٢) الشافعى ٢/ ٢٢.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٢٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٢)، والدارمى (١٦٧٦)، والترمذى (٦٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣١) من طرق عن سعيد بن منصور به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٩٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٦٢٤). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣٠).","vol":"8","page":101},{"text":"فقالَ: عن الحَكَمِ، عن حُجْرٍ العَدَوِىِّ، عن علىٍّ، وخالَفَه فى لَفظِه فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعُمَرَ: \"إنّا قَد أخَذْنا مِنَ العباسِ زَكاةَ العامِ عامَ الأوَّلِ\" (^١).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عُبيدِ اللهِ هو العَرْزَمِىُّ (^٢) عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قِصَّةِ عُمَرَ والعباسِ -﵄- (^٣).\nورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن طَلحَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا، أنَّه قال: لِعُمَرَ -﵁- فى هذه القِصَّةِ: \"إنّا كُنّا قَد تَعَجَّلْنا صَدَقَةَ مالِ العباسِ لِعامِنا هَذا عامَ أوَّلَ\" (^٥). وهَذا هو الأصَحُّ مِن هذه الرواياتِ (^٦).\nورُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٧٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ الكُدَيمِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ (ح) وأَخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٧٩) من طريق إسرائيل به، وقال: لا أعرف حديث تعجيل الزكاة من حديث إسرائيل عن الحجاج إلَّا من هذا الوجه، وحديث إسماعيل بن زكريا عندى أصح من حديث إسرائيل.\n(^٢) فى س: \"العزرمى\". وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٤ من طريق محمد بن عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٩٤٥)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٤ من طريق الحسن بن عمارة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعى فى الغيلانيات (٢٧٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٦) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٨٩.","vol":"8","page":102},{"text":"ابنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأعمَشَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فى بَعثِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرَ -﵁- ساعيًا، ومَنعِ العباسِ صَدَقَتَه، وأَنَّه ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ما صَنَعَ العباسُ، فقالَ: \"أَمَا عَلِمتَ يا عُمَرُ أنَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنوُ أبيهِ؟ إنّا كُنّا احتَجْنا فاستَسلَفْنا العباسَ صَدَقَةَ عامَينِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ قَتادَةَ: أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَعَجَّلَ مِنَ العباسِ [صَدَقةً أو صَدَقَتَه] (^٢) عامَينِ. وفِى هَذا إرسالٌ بَينَ أبى البَختَرِىِّ وعَلِىٍّ -﵁-.\nوقَد ورَدَ هَذا المَعنَى فى حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ مِن وجهٍ ثابِتٍ عنه:\n\n٧٤٤٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَى أبى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرَ -﵁- على الصَّدَقَةِ، فقيلَ: مَنَعَ ابنُ جَميلٍ، وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، والعباسُ عَمُّ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما يَنقِمُ ابنُ جَميلٍ إلَّا أنَّه كان فقيرًا فأَغناه اللهُ، وأَمّا خالِدٌ فإِنَّكُم تَظلِمونَ خالِدًا؛ قَدِ احتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَه (^٣) وأَعتُدَه (^٤) فى\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥٠٠، ٥٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥)، والترمذى (٣٧٦٠) من طريق وهب بن جرير به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) فى ص ٣، م: \"صدقة عام أو صدقة\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أدرعه\".\n(^٤) الأعتد؛ جمع عتاد، وهو أهبة الحرب من السلاح وغيره، ويجمع أعتدة أيضًا. الفائق ٢/ ٣٨٩.","vol":"8","page":103},{"text":"سَبيلِ اللهِ، وأَمّا العباسُ فهِىَ عَلىَّ ومِثلُها مَعَها\".- ثُمَّ قال: \"يا عُمَرُ، أمَا شَعَرتَ (^١) أنَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنوُ أبيه؟ \" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن علىِّ ابنِ حَفصٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"وأَعتادَه\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَبابَةُ، عن ورقاءَ (^٤).\nورَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، فقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"فهِىَ عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ ومِثلُها مَعَها\" (^٥). ومَن حَديثِ شُعَيبٍ أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، وقالَ ابنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ: \"هِىَ عَلَيه ومِثلُها مَعَها\" (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: وكما رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ رَواه أبو أوَيسٍ المَدَنِىُّ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ (^٧)، وكَذَلِكَ هو عِندَنا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه (^٨). وحَمَلوه على أنَّه -ﷺ- كان أخَّرَ عنه الصَّدَقَةَ (^٩) عامَينِ مِن حاجَةٍ بالعباسِ إلَيها، والَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م، والمسند: \"علمت\".\n(^٢) أحمد (٨٢٨٤). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٤٦٣، ٢٤٦٤) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٣)، والترمذى (٣٧٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٠)، وابن حبان (٣٢٧٣) من طريق شبابة عن ورقاء به.\n(^٥) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٢٠٣٨).\n(^٦) البخارى (١٤٦٨).\n(^٧) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٢٠٤٠).\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٨٥) من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٩) فى س: \"صدقته\".","vol":"8","page":104},{"text":"رَواه ورقاءُ على أنَّه كان تَسَلَّفَ (^١) مِنه صَدَقَةَ عامَينِ، وفِى ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على جَوازِ تَعجيلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فأَمّا الَّذِى رَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، فإِنَّه يَبعُدُ مِن أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا؛ لأَنَّ العباسَ كان رَجُلًا مِن صَلِيبَةِ (^٢) بَنِى هاشِمٍ تَحرُمُ عَلَيه الصَّدَقَةُ فكَيفَ يَجعَلُ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما عَلَيه مِن صَدَقَةِ عامَينِ صَدَقَةً عَلَيه؟! ورَواه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ فقالَ فى الحديث: \"فهِىَ له ومِثلُها مَعَها\" (^٣). وقَد يُقالُ: \"له\" بمَعنَى \"عَلَيه\". فرِوايَتُه مَحمولَةٌ على سائرِ الرِّواياتِ، وقَد يَكونُ المُرادُ بقَولِه: \"فهِىَ عَلَيه\". أى على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؛ ليَكونَ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ ورقاءَ، ورِوايَةُ ورقاءَ أولَى بالصِّحَّةِ لِموافَقَتِها ما تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الرِّواياتِ الصَّريحَةِ بالاستِسلافِ والتَّعجيلِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يَبعَثُ بزَكاةِ الفِطرِ إلَى الَّذِى تُجمَعُ عِندَه قَبلَ الفِطرِ بيَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٣: \"يسلف\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"طيبة\"، وفى م: \"صلبية\". ينظر صحيح ابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٠). والصَّلِيبَة، أى: الخالص النسب. يقال: هو عربى صليب. التاج ٣/ ٢٠٩ (ص ل ب).\n(^٣) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٢٠٣٩).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٨٨، ٢٤٢٠)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦٩، ٧/ ٢٥٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٥، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه فى الأموال (٢٣٩٩).","vol":"8","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1654>باب النّيَّةِ فى إخراجِ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٧٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوزَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رِبْحٍ (^١) البَزّازُ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وقّاصٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ ابنَ الخطابِ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيَّةِ، وإنَّما لامرِئِ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ وإلَى رسولِه؛ فهِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ وإلَى (^٢) رسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى دُنيا يُصيبُها أو إلَى امرأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها؛ فهِجرَتُه إلَى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1655>بابُ: لا يُؤَدِّى عن مالِه فيما وجَبَ عَلَيه إلَّا ما وجَبَ عَلَيه</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضى فى أحاديثِ الصَّدَقاتِ وتَنصيصِه على الواجِبِ فى كُلِّ جِنسٍ، ونَقلِه فى بَعضِه إلَى بَدَلٍ مُعَيَّنٍ، وتَقديرِه الجُبْرانَ (^٥) فى بَعضِه\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"رمح\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧). وسيأتى فى (٩٠٦٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٠٧)، والبخارى (١، ٥٤، ٢٥٢٩، ٣٨٩٨، ٥٠٧٠، ٦٦٨٩، ٦٩٥٣).\n(^٥) فى ص ٣: \"الخبران\". والجبران: هو الفرق بين ما يجب فى زكاة الإبل وما يقدم للمصدق، وذلك أنه حين لا يجد المزكى الناقة الواجبة الأداء ينزل إلى أصغر منها سنا، ويدفع الجبران، أو يصعد إلى ما هو أعلى منها سنا ويأخذ الجبران. المعجم الكبير ٤/ ٣٧ (ج ب ر).","vol":"8","page":106},{"text":"بمُقَدَّرٍ مَعَ اختِلافِ القِيَمِ باختِلافِ الزَّمانِ وافتِراقِ المَكانِ.\n\n٧٤٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ يَسارٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ عنه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"خُذِ الحَبَّ مِنَ الحَبِّ، والشّاةَ مِنَ الغَنَمِ، والبَعيرَ مِن الإِبِلِ، والبَقَرَةَ مِنَ البقَرِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1656>بابُ مَن أجازَ أخذَ القِيَمِ فى الزَّكَواتِ</span>\n\n٧٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: قال مُعاذٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَبَلٍ باليَمَنِ: ائتونِى بخَميسٍ (^٢) أو لَبِيسٍ (^٣) آخُذُه مِنكُم مَكانَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فإِنَّه أهوَنُ عَلَيكُم، وخَيرٌ لِلمُهاجِرينَ بالمَدينَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٥٩٩) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وابن ماجه (١٨١٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٦).\n(^٢) الخميس: الثوب الذى طوله خمس أذرع. ويقال له: المخموس أيضًا. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١٣٦، والنهاية ٢/ ٧٩، وفتح البارى ٣/ ٣١٢.\n(^٣) اللَّبِيس؛ أى: ملبوس وهو الثوب قد أكثر لبسه فأخلق. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم فى كتاب الخراج ص ١٤٧ (٥٢٦). وأخرجه ابن حجر فى تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٣ من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان به.","vol":"8","page":107},{"text":"كَذا قال إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، وخالَفَه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ فقالَ: قال مُعاذٌ باليَمَنِ: ائتونِى بعَرْضِ (^١) ثيابٍ آخُذُه مِنكُم مَكانَ الذُّرَةِ والشَّعيرِ.\n\n٧٤٤٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ عنه: حَديثُ طاوُسٍ عن مُعاذٍ إذ (^٣) كان مُرسَلًا فلا حُجَّةَ فيه، وقَد قال فيه بَعضُهُم: مِنَ الجِزيَةِ بَدَلَ الصَّدَقَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا هو الأليَقُ بمُعاذٍ والأشبَهُ بما أمَرَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- به مِن أخذِ الجِنسِ فى الصَّدَقاتِ، وأَخذِ الدّينارِ أو عِدْلِه مَعافِرَ -ثيابٌ باليَمَنِ- فى الجِزيَةِ، وأَن تُرَدَّ الصَّدَقاتُ على فُقَرائهِم لا أن يَنقُلَها إلَى المُهاجِرينَ بالمَدينَةِ الَّذينَ أكثَرُهُم أهلُ فيءٍ لا أهلُ صَدَقَةٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوأَمّا الَّذِى رَواه مُجالِدٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن الصُّنابِحِىِّ الأحمَسِيِّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أبصَرَ ناقَةً مُسِنَّةً فى إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ فغَضِبَ\n_________\n(^١) عرض؛ بفتح المهملة وسكون الراء: المتاع، قالوا: والدراهم والدنانير عين وما سواهما عرض. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ١٥٣.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم فى كتاب الخراج ص ١٤٧ (٥٢٥). وأخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٣ من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"إذا\". وكذا فى حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"ح، ر\".","vol":"8","page":108},{"text":"وقالَ (^١): \"قاتَلَ اللهُ صاحِبَ هذه النَّاقَةِ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى ارتَجَعتُها ببَعيرَينِ (^٢) مِن حَواشِى الصَّدَقَةِ (^٣). قال: \"فنَعَم إذن\".\n\n٧٤٤٩ - وهَذا فيما أنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنَّ أبا الوَليدِ أخبَرَهُم، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن المُجالِدِ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nفقَد قال أبو عيسَى: سأَلتُ عنه البُخارِىَّ فقالَ: رَوَى هَذا الحديثَ إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رأَى فى إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ. مُرسَلًا. وضَعَّفَ مُجالِدًا (^٥).\n\n٧٤٥٠ - أخبَرَناه مُرسَلًا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه رأَى فى إبِلِ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقال\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"ببعير\".\n(^٣) تقدم تعريف حواشى الصدقة فى (٧٣٨٤).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٠٢) وفيه: ناقة حسنة. بدل: ناقة مسنة، وعنه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٥٣٩)، وأبو يعلى (١٤٥٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٧٤١٧) من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان له. وأحمد (١٩٠٦٦) من طريق مجالد بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) علل الترمذى الكبير ص ١٠٠، ١٠١. وينظر الكلام على مجالد بن سعيد فى: المجروحين ٣/ ١٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٢١٩، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٢٩: ليس بالقوى، وقد تغير فى آخر عمره.","vol":"8","page":109},{"text":"الصَّدَقَةِ ناقَةً كَوماءَ (^١) فسأَلَ عَنها فقالَ المُصَدِّقُ: إنِّى أخَذتُها بإِبِلٍ. فسَكَتَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1657>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَوَّلىَ تَفرِقَةَ زَكاةِ مالِه الباطِنَةِ بنَفسِهِ</span>\n\n٧٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنا أبو صَخرٍ صاحِبُ العَباءِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ قال: جِئتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ بمِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ. قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، هَذَه زَكاةُ مالِى. قال: وقَد عَتَقتَ يا كَيسانُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: اذهَبْ بها أنتَ فاقسِمْها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1658>بابُ الوالِى يأْخُذُ مِنه زَكاةَ أموالِه الظّاهِرَةِ أحَبَّ ذَلِكَ أو كَرِهَهُ </span>(^٤)\n\n٧٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَهُ (^٥): لَمّا\n_________\n(^١) ناقة كوماء؛ أى: عظيمة السنام. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٤٨٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٩٧ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٢٧)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٩٤٧) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"كره\".\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"قال\".","vol":"8","page":110},{"text":"توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- واستُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- بَعدَه، وكَفَرَ مَن كَفَرَ مِنَ العَرَبِ، قال عُمَرُ: يا أبا بكرٍ كَيفَ تُقاتِلُ النّاسَ وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ (^١). عَصَمَ مِنِّى مالَه ونَفسَه إلَّا بحَقِّه، وحِسابُه على اللهِ\". قالَ أبو بكرٍ: واللهِ لأُقاتِلَنَّ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ؛ فإِنَّ الزَّكاةَ حَقُّ المالِ، واللهِ لَو مَنَعونِي عَناقًا (^٢) كانوا يُؤَدّونَها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَقاتَلتُهُم على مَنعِها. قال عُمَرُ: فواللهِ ما هو إلَّا أنْ رأَيتُ اللهَ قَد شَرَحَ صَدرَ أبى بكرٍ لِلقِتالِ، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ وقال: عِقالًا (^٤).\nوحَديثُ بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعطاها مُؤتَجِرًا فلَه أجرُها، ومَن مَنَعَها فإِنّا آخِذُوها\". قَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1659>بابُ الاختيارِ في دَفعِها إلَى الوالِى</span>\n\n٧٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في \"الفَوائدِ\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"فقد\".\n(^٢) في س: \"عقالا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠١٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٥٦)، والترمذى (٢٦٠٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٢، ٣٩٨٠) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٧٣٩٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٩٢٤، ٦٩٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٠/ ٣٢). وتقدم (٧٤٠٠).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٤٠٣).","vol":"8","page":111},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ أبى إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هِلالٍ العَبسِىِّ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعرابٌ، فقالوا: يأْتينا مُصَدِّقونَ فيَعتَدونَ عَلَينا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَرضُوهُم\". فأَعادوا عَلَيه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يقولُ: \"أَرضُوهُم\". قال جَريرٌ: فما أتانِي مُصَدِّقٌ بَعدُ إلَّا ذَهَبَ وهو راضٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مِن وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى إسماعيلَ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو الغُصنِ، عن (^٤) صَخرِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرِ بنِ عَتِيكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"سَيأْتيكُم رَكبٌ مُبغضُونَ (^٥)، فإِذا أتَوكُم فرَحِّبوا بهِم وخَلّوا بَينَهُم وبَينَ ما يَبتَغونَ، فإِن عَدَلُوا فلأنفسِهِم، وإن ظَلَموا فعَلَيها، وأَرضُوهُم، فإِنَّ تَمامَ زَكاتِكُم رِضاهُم، ولْيَدْعُوا لَكُم\" (^٦). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ وقالَ (^٧):\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٠٧)، وأبو داود (١٥٨٩)، والنسائى (٢٤٥٩) من طرق عن محمد بن أبى إسماعيل به. وسيأتى في (٧٦٠٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٩/ ...).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٩/ ٢٩).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال حدثنى\".\n(^٥) مبغضون، بسكون الباء وفتح الغين، وبفتح الباء والغين المشددة أيضًا: أى تبغضونهم؛ لأنهم يأخذون الأموال، فهم يبغضون طبعا لا شرعا؛ لأنهم يأخذون محبوب قلوبهم. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٦، وعون المعبود ٢/ ١٨.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٢٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٧) أبو داود (١٥٨٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٥).","vol":"8","page":112},{"text":"أبو الغُصنِ هو ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسِ بنِ غُصنٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا حَديثٌ مُخَتَلَفٌ في إسنادِه على (^١) أبى الغُصنِ.\n\n٧٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى هُنَيدٌ مَولَى المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، وكانَ على أموالِه بالطّائفِ، قال: قال المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ: كَيفَ تَصنَعُ في صَدَقَةِ أموالِى؟ قال: مِنها ما أدفَعُها إلَى السُّلطانِ، ومِنها ما أتَصَدَّقُ بها. فقالَ: ما لَكَ وما لِذَلِكَ؟ قال: إنَّهُم يَشتَرونَ بها البُزوزَ (^٢) ويَتَزَوَّجونَ بها النِّساءَ، ويَشتَرونَ بها الأرَضِينَ. قال: فادفَعْها إلَيهِم فإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَنا أن نَدفَعَها إلَيهِم وعَلَيهِم حِسابُهُم.\n\n٧٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علِىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بنيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: ادفَعوا صَدَقاتِ أموالِكُم إلَى مَن ولَّاه اللهُ أمرَكُم، فمَن بَرَّ (^٣) فلِنَفسِه، ومَن أثِمَ (^٤) فعَلَيها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) البزوز: واحدتها البَزّ: وهى الثياب، وقيل: ضرب من الثياب. المعجم الكبير ٢/ ٢٩٢ (ب ز ز).\n(^٣) في س: \"برء\".\n(^٤) في س: \"عصم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٨٢) عن معاذ بن معاذ به.","vol":"8","page":113},{"text":"٧٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أتاكُم المُصَدِّقُ فأَعطِه صَدَقَتَكَ، فإِنِ اعتَدَى عَلَيكَ فوَلِّه ظَهرَه ولا تلعَنْه، وقُلِ: اللَهُمَّ إنِّى أحْتَسِبُ (^٢) عِندِكَ ما أخَذَ مِنِّى\" (^٣).\n\n٧٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال عبدُ الوَهّابِ: سُئلَ سعيدٌ، يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن الزَّكاةِ، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ، عن قَزَعَةَ مَولَى زيادٍ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: ادفَعوها إلَيهِم، وإِن شَرِبوا بها الخَمرَ. يَعنِى الأُمَراءَ (^٤).\n\n٧٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ (^٥) بنُ سَعدٍ الجُهَنِىُّ قال: سأَلتُ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ عن الزَّكاةِ. فقالَ: سَمِعتَ بعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ؟ فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: كان يَدفَعُها إلَيهِم، يَعنِى السُّلطانَ، في الفِتنَةِ،\n_________\n(^١) سقط هذا الحديث من: ص ٣. وكتب فوقه في الأصل: \"لا - إلى\". وكتب فوقه: \"يأتى فيما بعد\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٣، م: \"احتسبت\". والمثبت كما سيأتى في (٧٦٠٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل (١٨٣) من طريق عاصم به. وفيه: ظهرك. بدل: ظهره.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٨٣) من طريق قزعة بمعناه.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حسين\".","vol":"8","page":114},{"text":"يُقضمونَ بها دَوابَّهُم (^١).\n\n٧٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسْطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أتَى سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ فقالَ: إنَّه قَد أدْرَكَ لِى مالٌ وأَنا أُحِبُّ أن أؤدِّىَ زَكاتَه، وأَنا أجِدُ لَها مَوضِعًا وهَؤُلاءِ يَصنَعونَ فيها ما قَد رأَيتَ. فقالَ: أدِّها إلَيهِم. قال: وسأَلتُ أبا سعيدٍ بمِثلِ (^٢) ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أدِّها إلَيهِم. [قال: وسأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ بمِثلِ (^٢) ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أدِّها إلَيهِم] (^٣) (^٤).\nورُوِّينا في هَذا أيضًا عن أبى هريرةَ، وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵃- (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1660>بابُ الاختيارِ في قَسْمِها بنَفسِه إذا أمكَنَه ذَلِكَ ليَكونَ على يَقينٍ مِن أدائِها</span>\nرُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، والحَسَنِ، وطاوُسٍ، وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أقضمتها: علفتها، ينظر التاج ٣٣/ ٢٨٥ (ق ض م).\n(^٢) في م: \"مثل\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩٢٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٨١) من طريق سهيل بنحوه.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٩٩) عن أبى هريرة وحده.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٩٢١، ٦٩٢٣، ٦٩٢٨، ٦٩٢٩، ٦٩٣٢، ٦٩٣٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٠١، ١٠٣٠٤).","vol":"8","page":115},{"text":"٧٤٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن أبى نَصرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سأَلَ رَجُلٌ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن زَكاةِ مالِه، فقالَ: ادفَعْها إلَيهِم. فقالَ له سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: إنَّ بشرَ بنَ مَروانَ جاءَه رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ، قال: فسأَلَه. فقالَ: مَرَرتُ بامرأَةٍ عَطّارَةٍ في السّوقِ، فلَو كان مَعِى شَئٌ لأعْطَيتُها. فقالَ: يا غَضبانُ أعطِه خَمسَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ مِنَ الزَّكاةِ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: لَبَسوا عَلَينا لَبَسَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم (^١).\n\n٧٤٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، أنَّه سأَلَ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عن الزَّكاةِ فقالَ: أعطِها أنتَ. فقُلتُ: ألَم يَكُنِ ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: ادفَعْها إلَى السُّلطان؟ قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنِّى لا أرَى أن تَدفَعَها إلَى السُّلطانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1661>بابُ ما يُسقِطُ الصَّدَقَةَ عن الماشيَةِ</span>\n\n٧٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ، هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى ثُمامَةُ، أنَّ أنَسًا حَدَّثَه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢١٥١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤١٨)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦٩.","vol":"8","page":116},{"text":"أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- كَتَبَ له هَذا الكِتابَ، وكَتَبَ (^١): هذه فريضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على المُسلِمينَ التى أمَرَ اللهُ بها رسولَه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وفيه: \"وصَدَقَةُ الغَنَمِ في سائمَتِها\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن ثُمامَةَ في هَذا الحديثِ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ (^٤). ورُوِّيناه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن نُسخَةِ كِتابِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: وفِى سائمَةِ الغَنَمِ إذا كانَت أربَعينَ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً شاةٌ (^٥).\n\n٧٤٦٤ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"وفِى كُلِّ خَمسٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ سائمَةٍ شاةٌ إلَى أن تَبلُغَ أربَعًا وعِشرينَ\"، وفيه: \"وفِى كُلِّ أربَعينَ شاةٍ سائمَةٍ شاةٌ إلَى أنَّ تَبلُغَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً، فإِن زادَت واحِدَةً ففيها شاتانِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٣، م: \"له\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٢٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٥٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٢٧).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٣٩).\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٥، ٣٩٦. وتقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"8","page":117},{"text":"٧٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ [(ح) وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ] (^١)، أخبرَنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ، [عن أبيه] (^٢)، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"في كُلِّ إبِلٍ سائمَةٍ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، لا تُفَرَّقُ إبِلٌ عن حِسابِها، مَن أعطاها مُؤتَجِرًا فلَه أجرُها، ومَن مَنَعَها فإِنّا آخِذُوها وشطرِ إبِلِه، عَزمَةً مِن عَزَماتِ رَبِّنا، لا يَحِلُّ لآلِ محمدٍ مِنها شَئٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٤٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصّوفِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ حَمزَةَ الرَّقِّىُّ، عن غالِبٍ القَطّانِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ في الإِبِلِ العَوامِلِ (^٤) صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٥). كَذا قال غالِبٌ القَطّانُ.\nورُوىَ في ذَلِكَ في البَقَرِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٦)، وعن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٥٤) وفيه: منجزا، بدل: مؤتجرا، والحاكم ١/ ٣٩٧، ٣٩٨ كلاهما بالإسناد الأول. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٦) من طريق يزيد به. وتقدم في (٧٤٠٣).\n(^٤) الإبل العوامل: هى التى يستقى عليها ويحرث وتستعمل في الأشغال. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣٠١.\n(^٥) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٣٥. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٣ من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٩٧٤)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٣ من حديث ابن عباس.","vol":"8","page":118},{"text":"مَوقوفًا (^١)، وفِى إسنادِهِما ضَعفٌ.\nوأَشهَرُ ما رُوىَ فيه مُسنَدًا ومَوقوفًا ما:\n\n٧٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى داودَ، [حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ] (^٢)، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، أنَّ أبا (^٣) إسحاقَ حَدَّثَهُم، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ في البَقَرِ العَوامِلِ شَئٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على البَقَرِ العَوامِلِ شَئٌ\" (^٥). رَفَعَه أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن زُهَيرٍ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ. ورَواه النُّفَيلِىُّ عن زُهَيرٍ بالشَّكِّ فقالَ: قال زُهَيرٌ: أحسِبُه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٦).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن أبى إسحاقَ مَوقوفًا:\n\n٧٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٨٣٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٤٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) ليس في: م. وفى حاشية س: \"ابن أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٢٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٢٨). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٣ من طريق أبى بدر عن الحارث وعاصم به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٧٣٤٧، ٧٣٧٠).","vol":"8","page":119},{"text":"السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى داودَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لَيسَ على العَوامِلِ مِنَ البَقَرِ الحَرّاثَةِ شَئٌ (^١).\n\n٧٤٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ، أنَّه قال: لَيسَ في الإِبِلِ العَوامِلِ (^٢) ولا في البَقَرِ العَوامِلِ صَدَقَةٌ (^٣).\n\n٧٤٧١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبانٍ (^٤)، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، أنَّ (^٥) خالِدَ بنَ يَزيدَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: لَيسَ على مُثيرِ الأرضِ (^٦) زَكاةٌ (^٧).\nوروىَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ بمَعناه. ورُوىَ عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٨٢٩)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٤٧٣، ١٤٧٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٣) المعرفة (٢٢٩١). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٠٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٤١) عن أبى بكر ابن عياش به. وليس فيهما ذكر الإبل.\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"ثنا أبان\".\n(^٥) في ص ٣: \"بن\".\n(^٦) مثير الأرض؛ أى بقر الحرث. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٢١٤، والنهاية ١/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٧) ابن خزيمة (٢٢٧١). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٠٩)، وابن زنجويه (١٤٧٦) من طريق يحيى ابن أيوب به.","vol":"8","page":120},{"text":"عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا (^١)، وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٧٤٧٢ - [أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ رِشدينٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لا يُؤخَذُ مِنَ البَقَرِ التى يُحرَثُ عَلَيها مِنَ الزَّكاةِ شَئٌ (^٣).\nتابَعَه خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ هَكَذا مَوقوفًا (^٤)، وهو إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ] (^٢)، وهو قَولُ مُجاهِدٍ، وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٥)، وقالَ الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ: لَيسَ في البَقَرِ العَوامِلِ صَدَقَةٌ إذا كانَت في مِصرٍ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1662>بابٌ: لا صَدَقَةَ في الخَيلِ</span>\n\n٧٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٤ من طريق زياد به.\n(^٢) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"لا إلى\"، وكتب في الحاشية: \"بخطه ما صورته في الأصل مكتوب عليه لا إلى من غير ضرب\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٣.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه عقب الحديث السابق.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٨٣١، ٦٨٣٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٠٤٣ - ١٠٠٤٥).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٨٣٥).","vol":"8","page":121},{"text":"الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ كِلاهُما، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحُرْضىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا موسَى ابنُ أبى خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمِ (^٢) في عبدِه ولا في فرَسِه صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٤٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا خُثَيمُ ابنُ عِراكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على المَرءِ المُسلِمِ في فرَسِه ولا مَملوكِه صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الحوضى\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٥٥٥٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"المرء\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٩٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٥٩٥)، والنسائى (٢٤٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٩٥)، وابن ماجه (١٨١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٦) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (٦٢٨) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٢/ ٨)، والبخارى (١٤٦٣).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٣١). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٦٩) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (٩٢٨١)، =","vol":"8","page":122},{"text":"عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^١)\n\n٧٤٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن خُثَيمِ بنِ عِراكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَدَقَةَ على المُسلِمِ في عبدِه ولا (^٢) فرَسِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤). ورَواه بُكَيرُ بنُ الأشَجِّ عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ بنَحوه في العَبدِ (^٥). فسَماعُ عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ عن أبى هريرةَ صَحيحٌ لا شَكَّ فيهِ.\n\n٧٤٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى زائدَةَ قال: أخبرَنِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n= من طريق خثيم به.\n(^١) البخارى (١٤٦٤).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٢٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٢/ ...).\n(^٥) سيأتى في (٧٧٤٨).","vol":"8","page":123},{"text":"\"لَيسَ في الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ صَدَقَةٌ، إلَّا أنَّ في الرَّقيقِ صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ\" (^١). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ. كَذا رُوىَ بهَذا الإِسناد عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ.\n\n٧٤٧٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فيّاضٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ في الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ زَكاةٌ، إلَّا زَكاةُ الفِطرِ في الرَّقيقِ\" (^٢). هَذا هو الأصَحُّ (^٣)، وحَديثُه عن أبى الزِّنادِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، ومَكحولٌ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عِراكٍ؛ إنَّما رَواه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عِراكٍ.\n\n٧٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٧. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٢٥٥) من طريق زيد بن خالد به. وصوابه: يزيد بن خالد.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٥٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٦٧) من طريق مكحول به. وليس عندهما: زكاة الفطر.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"الصحيح\".","vol":"8","page":124},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمِ في عبدِه ولا فرَسِه صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٧٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أُسامَةُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَكحولٌ، عن عِراكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على مُسلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ في عبدِه ولا فرَسِهِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٤٨٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا أُسامَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٤).\n\n٧٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُرْضِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ السِّجْزِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَفَوتُ لَكُم عن صَدَقَةِ الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ، فهَلُمّوا صَدَقَةَ الرِّقَةِ؛ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، ولَيسَ في تِسعينَ ومِائَة شَئٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَت مِائَتَينِ ففيها خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٩٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٦. وأخرجه الحميدى (١٠٧٤)، والنسائى (٢٤٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٢/ ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٩٦) من طريق أسامة به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٩٦). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥٦٣) من طريق أسامة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧١١)، والدارمى (١٦٦٩)، وأبو داود (١٥٧٤)، والترمذى (٦٢٠) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٩٢).","vol":"8","page":125},{"text":"ورَواه الأعمَشُ عن أبى إسحاقَ كما رَواه أبو عَوانَةَ (^١).\nورُوىَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ كَذَلِكَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٧٤٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وسُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمدانِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"عَفَوتُ عن الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ\". قال الثَّورِىُّ في الحديث: \"فأَدّوا زَكاةَ الأموالِ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ (^٤). فالحَديثُ عن أبى إسحاقَ عَنهُما جَميعًا عن علىٍّ.\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في الكِتابِ الَّذِى [كَتَبَه إلَى] (^٥) أهلِ اليَمَنِ: \"وإنَّه لَيسَ في عبدِ مُسلِمٍ ولا في فرَسِه شَئٌ\".\n\n٧٤٨٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٣)، والنسائى (٢٤٧٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ٣/ ١٥٨ عن موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (١٩٠). وأخرجه الحميدى (٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٨١٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وأحمد (١٠٩٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٤) من طريق حجاج. وفى (١٢٤٣) من طريق شريك، كلاهما عن أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: كتب إلى\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٥، ٣٩٦. وتقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"8","page":126},{"text":"٧٤٨٤ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مُعاذٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَفَوتُ لَكُم عن صَدَقَةِ الجَبهَةِ والكُسْعَةِ والنُّخَّةِ\". قال بَقيَّةُ: الجَبهَةُ: الخَيلُ، والكُسْعَةُ: البِغالُ والحَميرُ، والنُّخَّةُ: المُرَبَّياتُ في البُيوتِ.\nكَذا رَواه بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن أبى مُعاذٍ، وهو سُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ، مَتروكُ الحديثِ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^١)، وقَدِ اختُلِفَ عَلَيه في إسنادِه، فقيلَ: هَكَذا. وقيلَ: عنه عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ:\n\n٧٤٨٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ أبو عمرٍو، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا صَدَقَةَ في الكُسْعَةِ والجَبهَةِ والنُّخَّةِ\". فسَّرَه أبو عمرٍو؛ الكُسْعَةُ: الحَميرُ، والجَبهَةُ: الخَيلُ، والنُّخَّةُ: العَبيدُ (^٢).\nورَواه كَثيرُ بنُ زيادٍ أبو سَهلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسلًا. أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٨٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١٠٤ من طريق سليمان بن أرقم به.\n(^٣) المراسيل (١١٤).","vol":"8","page":127},{"text":"٧٤٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ في الجَبهَةِ، ولا في الكُسْعَةِ، ولا في النُّخَّةِ صَدَقَةٌ\". حَدَّثَناه ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زيادٍ الخُراسانِىِّ يَرفَعُه، وعن غَيرِ حَمّادٍ، عن جُوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ يَرفَعُه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: [قال أبو عبيدةَ] (^١): الجَبهَةُ الخَيلُ، والنُّخَّةُ الرَّقيقُ، والكُسعَةُ الحَميرُ. قال الكِسائىُّ وغَيرُه في الجَبهَةِ والكُسعَةِ مِثلَه، وقالَ الكِسائىُّ: هِىَ النُّخَّةُ؛ برَفعِ النّونِ. وفَسَّرَهُا هو وغَيرُه في مَجلِسِه: البَقَرُ العَوامِلُ (^٢).\n\n٧٤٨٧ - قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وحَدَّثَنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن ابنِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ المَدَنِىِّ، عن أبى حَزْرَةَ (^٣) القاصِّ يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ، عن ساريَةَ الخَلْجِىِّ (^٤)، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أخرِجوا صَدَقاتِكُم، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قد أراحَكُم مِنَ الجَبهَةِ والسَّجَّةِ والبَجَّةِ\". وفَسَّرَها أنَّها كانَت آلِهَةً يَعبُدونَها في الجاهِليَّةِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهَذا خِلافُ ما في الحديثِ الأوَّلِ، والتَّفسيرُ في الحديثِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ أيُّهُما المَحفوظُ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: أسانيدُ هَذا الحديثِ ضَعيفَةٌ، وفِى الأحاديثِ الصَّحيحَةِ قَبلَه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث ١/ ٧، ٨.\n(^٣) في س: \"حرزة\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٥٣).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"الجلحى\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"بخطه: الخلجى\".\n(^٥) غريب الحديث ١/ ٩.","vol":"8","page":128},{"text":"كِفايَةٌ، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٧٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ أهلَ الشّامِ قالوا لأَبِى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ -﵁-: خُذْ مِن خَيلِنا ورَقيقِنا صَدَقَةً. فأَبَى، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فأَبَى، فكَلَّموه أيضًا [فكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ] (^١)، [فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ] (^٢): إنْ أحَبّوا فخُذْها مِنهُم واردُدْها عَلَيهِم، وارزُقْ رَقيقَهُم. قال مالكٌ: أيِ: اردُدْها على فُقَرائهِم (^٣).\n\n٧٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ (^٤) قال: جاءَ ناسٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالوا: إنّا قَد أصبنا أموالًا خَيلًا ورَقيقًا نُحِبُّ أن يَكونَ لنا فيه زَكاةٌ وطَهورٌ. قال: ما فعَلَه صاحِباىَ قَبلِى فأَفعَلَه. فاستَشارَ عُمَرُ عَليًّا في جَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١١ ظ، ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وعنه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٦٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"مصرف\". وينظر الإصابة ٣/ ٢٣.","vol":"8","page":129},{"text":"علىٌّ: هو حَسَنٌ إنْ لَم يَكُنْ جِزيَةً يُؤخَذونَ بها راتِبَةً (^١).\n\n٧٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سأَلتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن صَدَقَةِ البَراذينِ، فقالَ: وَهَل في الخَيلِ صَدَقَةٌ (^٢)؟\n\n٧٤٩١ - وأخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أنَّه قال: جاءَ كِتابٌ مِن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ -﵁- إلَى أبى وهو بمِنًى: لا تأْخُذْ مِنَ الخَيلِ ولا مِنَ العَسَلِ صَدَقَةً\" (^٤).\n\n٧٤٩٢ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سأَلتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن صَدَقَةِ البَراذينِ فقالَ: وهَل في الخَيلِ صَدَقَةٌ؟ (^٤)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1663>بابُ مَن رأَى في الخَيلِ صَدَقَةً</span>\n\n٧٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنى أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٠، ٤٠١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٠) من طريق ابن مهدى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٩٨)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"العقدى\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"بخطه: العبدى\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٢ و- مخطوط). وسيأتى في (٧٥٤٠).","vol":"8","page":130},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ الجُوَينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءِ بنِ السِّندِىِّ، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أنَّ أبا صالِحٍ ذَكوانَ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ ولا فِضَّةٍ لا يُؤَدِّى مِنها حَقَّها\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الوَعيدِ الَّذِى جاءَ في مَنعِ حَقِّها وحَقِّ الإِبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ، وذَكَرَ في الإِبِلِ: \"ومِن حَقِّها حَلبُها يَومَ ورْدِها\". ثُمَّ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ فالخَيلُ؟ قال: \"الخَيلُ [ثَلاثَةٌ: هِىَ] (^١) لِرَجُلٍ وزرٌ، وهِىَ لِرَجُلٍ أجرٌ، وهِىَ لِرَجُلٍ سِترٌ. فأَمّا الذى (^٢) هِىَ له وزرٌ؛ فرَجُلٌ رَبَطَها رياءً وفَخرًا ونِواءً على أهلِ الإسلامِ، فهِىَ له وزرٌ. وأَمّا الذى (^٢) هِىَ له سِترٌ؛ [فرَجُلٌ رَبَطَها في سَبيلِ اللهِ ثمَّ لَم يَنسَ حَقَّ اللهِ في ظُهورِها ولا رِقابِها، فهِىَ له سِترٌ. وأَمّا الذى (^٢) هِىَ له أجرٌ] (^٣)؛ فرَجُلٌ رَبَطَها في سَبيلِ اللهِ لأَهلِ الإسلامِ في مَرْجٍ أو رَوضَةٍ (^٤)، فما أكَلَت مِن ذَلِكَ المَرْجِ والرَّوضَةِ مِن شَئٍ إلَّا كُتِبَ له عَدَدَ ما أكَلَت حَسَناتٍ، وكُتِبَ له عَدَدَ أرواثِها (^٥) وأَبوالِها حَسَناتٍ. ولا تَقطَعُ طِوَلَها (^٦) فاستَنَّت (^٧) شَرَفًا أو شَرَفَينِ إلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ له عَدَدَ آثارِها وأَبوالِها حَسَناتٍ، ولا مَرَّ بها صاحِبُها على نَهرٍ فشَرِبَت مِنه،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"هى ثلاثة\"، وفى م: \"لثلاثة هى\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: التى\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٣.\n(^٤) الروضة: الموضع المُعْجِب بالزهور، يقال: نزلنا أرضنا أريضة. قيل: سميت بذلك لاستراضة المياه السائلة إليها؛ أى: لسكونها بها. المصباح المنير ص ٩٤ (ر وض).\n(^٥) في س: \"أوراثها\".\n(^٦) طولها: الطول والطيل: الحبل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٧) في ص ٣: \"واستدت\".","vol":"8","page":131},{"text":"ولا يُريدُ أن يَسقيَها إلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ له عَدَدَ ما شَرِبَت حَسَناتٍ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فالحُمُرُ؟ قال: \"ما أنزَلَ اللهُ علَىَّ في الحُمُرِ شَيئًا إلَّا هذه الآيَةَ الفاذَّةَ الجامِعَةَ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ \" (^١) [الزلزلة: ٧، ٨]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\nورَواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"ولا يَنسَى حَقَّ اللهِ في ظُهورِها وبُطونِها، في عُسرِها ويُسرِها\" (^٣). وذَلِكَ (^٤) لا يَدُلُّ على الزَّكاةِ.\n\n٧٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ موسَى الإصْطَخْرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ بَحرٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الإصْطَخْرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ، عن غُورَكِ ابنِ الخِضْرِمِ (^٥) أبى عبدِ اللهِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"في الخَيلِ السّائمَةِ في كُلِّ فرَسٍ دينارٌ\" (^٦). تَفَرَّدَ به غُورَكٌ هَذا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى في تفسيره ٤/ ٤١، ٤٢ من طريق سويد به. وتقدم في (٧٣٠٥، ٧٣٦١)، وسيأتى في (٧٦٠٨، ٧٨٦٣، ١٣٢٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٠٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"ولذلك\".\n(^٥) في م: \"الحصرم\". وكذا في الأنساب ٢/ ٢٢٦، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٥٠٦.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٠٢). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٥، ١٢٦ عن أحمد بن عبدان به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٧٦٦٤) عن محمد بن موسى به.","vol":"8","page":132},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ: تَفَرَّدَ به غُورَكٌ عن جَعفَرٍ، وهو ضعيفٌ جِدًّا ومَن دونَه ضُعَفاءُ (^١).\n\n٧٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبَرَنَى عَمَرَّدٌ (^٢) أنَّ حَىَّ بنَ يَعلَى أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ يَعلَى قال: ابتاعَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ أخو يَعلَى مِن رَجُلٍ فرَسًا أُنثَى بمائَةِ قَلُوصٍ (^٣) فبَدا له فنَدِمَ البائعُ، فأَتَى عُمَرَ -﵁-، فقالَ: إنَّ يَعلَى وأَخاه غَصَبانِى فرَسِى. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ: أنِ الْحَقْ بى. فأَتاه فأَخبَرَه، فقالَ: إنَّ الخَيلَ لَتَبلُغُ هَذا عِندَكُم؟! قال: ما عَلِمتُ [فرَسًا قَبلَ هذِه بَلَغَ هَذا] (^٤). فقالَ عُمَرُ: فنأْخذُ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ شاةً شاةً، ولا نأْخُذُ مِنَ الخَيلِ شَيئًا؟! خُذْ مِن كُلِّ فرَسٍ دينارًا. قال: فضَرَبَ على الخَيلِ دينارًا دينارًا (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في البابِ قَبلَه ما دَلَّ على أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- إنَّما أمَرَ بذَلِكَ حينَ أحَبَّه أربابُها، وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ إنْ صَحَّت تَكونُ مَحمولَةً على مِثلِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢٦.\n(^٢) في س: \"عمر\".\n(^٣) القلوص: الفتية من الإبل. لسان العرب ٧/ ٧٩ (ق ل ص).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فرسا بلغ هذه قبل هذا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٨٨٩)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٣٣١ - مسند عمر بن الخطاب)، وأبو عروبة في الأوائل (١١٣) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"8","page":133},{"text":"ذَلِكَ لِتاتَفِقَ (^١) الرِّواياتُ ولا تَختَلِفَ، وحَديثُ عِراكٍ عن أبى هريرةَ أصَحُّ ما رُوىَ في ذَلِكَ (^٢)، وهو يَقطَعُ بنَفىِ الصَّدَقَةِ عَنها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"لتأتلف\". و\"تاتفق\" هى لغة أهل الحجاز. ينظر كلام الشيخ شاكر في تحقيقه للرسالة ص ٣١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٤٧٣ - ٧٤٧٥).","vol":"8","page":134},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1664>جِماعُ أبوابِ زَكاةِ الثِّمارِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1665>بابُ النِّصابِ في زَكاةِ الثِّمارِ</span>\n\n٧٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفامِىُّ، وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمر، ويَحيى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، ومالِكٌ، وسُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، أنَّ عمرَو بنَ يَحيَى المازِنِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمرِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٤٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرٌ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ القُرَشِىُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وهارونَ الأَيلِىِّ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ، عن عياضٍ. فذَكَرَ رِوايَةَ جابِرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٤١٢).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٨٥)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٤٧)، ومسلم (٩٧٩/ ١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٠).","vol":"8","page":135},{"text":"٧٤٩٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ إملاءً وَقِراءَةً، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المُطَّوِّعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الفارِضُ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، وأَيّوبَ، وقَتادَةَ، ويَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن ابنَى جابِرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، كُلُّهُم ذَكَروا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولا فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ (^٢) ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ زَكاةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٥٦) عن معمر به، وفيه: ابن حبان. بدل: ابنى جابر.\n(^٢) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أحمد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٢/ ٣٥، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٦٩٣) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"8","page":136},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ، فذَكَرَ فيه: \"ما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ، أو كان سَيحًا (^١)، أو كان بَعلًا، ففيه العُشرُ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ، وما سُقِىَ بالرِّشاءِ والدّاليَةِ ففيه نِصفُ العُشرِ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٥٠١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ ابنَ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ يُحَدِّثُ في مَجلِسِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ السُّنَّةَ مَضَت ألَّا تُؤخَذَ صَدَقَةٌ مِن نَخلٍ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ خَرْصُها (^٣) خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1666>بابُ مِقدارِ الوَسقِ</span>\n\n٧٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إدريسُ ابنُ يَزيدَ الأودِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ الطّائىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوساقٍ زَكاةٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) السيح: الماء الجارى. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٦٩.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦، ٧٤٦٤).\n(^٣) قال ابن الأثير: خرص النخلة والكرمة: إذا حزر ما عليها من الرطب تمرًا، ومن العنب زبيبا، فهو\nمن الخرص: الظن؛ لأن الحزر إنما هو تقدير بظن. النهاية ٢/ ٢٢، ٢٣.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٥٣).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٥٥٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣١٠) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وأحمد (١١٩٣٠)، والنسائى (٢٤٨٥) من طريق إدريس بن يزيد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٣٦).","vol":"8","page":137},{"text":"والوَسْقُ سِتّونَ مَختومًا (^١).\nورَواه يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن إدريسَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: والوَسْقُ سِتّونَ صاعًا (^٢).\n\n٧٥٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شَريكٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: الوَسْقُ سِتّونَ صاعًا. قال يَحيَى: فسأَلتُ شَريكًا عنه فلَم يَحفَظْه (^٣).\n\n٧٥٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: الوَسْقُ سِتّونَ صاعًا (^٤).\n\n٧٥٠٥ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: في خَمسَةِ أوساقٍ الزَّكاةُ (^٥)، وذَلِكَ ثَلاثُمائةِ صاعٍ، قال: والوَسْقُ سِتّونَ صاعًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المختوم هو الصاع، وإنما سمى مختوما لأن الأمراء جعلت على أعلاه خاتما مطبوعا لئلا يزاد فيه ولا يقص، ويقدر في المقادير الحديثة ٢.٧٤٨ كيلو جراما. ينظر عمدة القارى ٨/ ٢٥٨، ٢٥٩، والمقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٤) عن يعلى به. وفيه: مختوما. بدل: صاعا.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٦٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٠٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٦٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شة (١٠١٠٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: زكاة\".\n(^٦) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٦٦) مقتصرًا على: الوسق ستون صاعا.","vol":"8","page":138},{"text":"ورَوِّيناه عن الحَسَنِ، والشَّعبِىِّ، والنَّخَعِىِّ، وغَيرِهِم (^١).\nوالكَلامُ في مِقدارِ الصّاعِ يَرِدُ في آخِرِ هَذا الكِتابِ إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1667>بابُ كَيفَ تُؤخَذُ زَكاةُ النَّخلِ والعِنَبِ</span>\n\n٧٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عَتّابِ بنِ أَسيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يَبعَثُ مَن يَخرُصُ عَلَيهِم كَرمَهُم وثِمارَهُم (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: كان يَبعَثُ مَن يَخرُصُ على النّاسِ كُرومَهُم وثِمارَهُم.\n\n٧٥٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ (^٤)، عن محمدِ بنِ صالِحِ بنِ دينارٍ (ح) قال:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٢٦١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شية (١٠١٠١، ١٠١٠٤، ١٠١٠٦، ١٠١٠٧).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٧٧٩٣ - ٧٧٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣١٦) عن أبى زكريا وحده به، والشافعى ٢/ ٣١، ٣٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١٨١٩) من طريق ابن نافع به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٠١).\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"محمد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٠٨.","vol":"8","page":139},{"text":"وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ إسحاقَ، جَميعًا عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عَتّابِ بنِ أَسيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُخرَصُ العِنَبُ كما يُخرَصُ النَّخلُ، وتُؤخَذُ زَكاتُه زَبيبًا كما تُؤخَذُ زَكاةُ النَّخلِ تَمرًا\" (^١).\n\n٧٥٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه (^٢).\n\n٧٥٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ عَتّابَ بنَ أسيدٍ أن يُخرَصَ العِنَبُ كما يُخرَصُ النَّخلُ، ثُمَّ تُؤَدَّى زَكاتُه زَبيبًا كما تُؤَدَّى زَكاةُ النَّخلِ تَمرًا. قال: فتِلكَ سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في النَّخلِ والعِنَبِ (^٣).\n\n٧٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ المَعروفُ بأَبِى الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٠٤) من طريق ابن نافع به. وابن خزيمة (٢٣١٨) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به.\nوضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٣٨)، والمعرفة (٢٣١٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٣١. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣١٦) عن الربيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣١٧) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأبو داود (١٦٠٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به، وليس فيه: فتلك سنة ...","vol":"8","page":140},{"text":"منيعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا يونُسُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزّهرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ ابنَ سَهلٍ يُحَدِّثُنا في مَجلِسِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ ألَّا تُؤخَذَ الزَّكاةُ مِن نَخلٍ ولا عِنَبٍ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ خَرصُها خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: ولا نَعلَمُ يُخرَصُ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ إلَّا التَّمرَ والعِنَبَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1668>بابُ خَرصِ التَّمرِ والدَّليلِ على أنَّ له حُكمًا</span>\n\n٧٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَمْرٍو (^٢) الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الطَّغامَجِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ بمَكَّةَ سنةَ خَمسَ عَشَرَةَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن عباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، فأَتَينا وادِىَ القُرَى (^٤) على حَديقَةٍ لا مرأَةٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اخرُصوها\" فخَرَصناها، وخَرَصَها\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٥٠١).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"عمر\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٣) في س: \"الطعامجى\". وجاء في الأنساب ٤/ ٦٧، ومعجم البلدان ٣/ ٥٣٨: \"الطغامى؛ بفتح الطاء المهملة، والغين المعجمة. هذه النسبة إلى (طغامَى)، وهى قرية من سواد بخارى، والمشهور بالانتساب إليها: أبو الحسن على بن إبراهيم ... \".\n(^٤) وادى القرى؛ يعرف اليوم بوادى العلا: مدينة عامرة شمال المدينة على قرابة (٣٥٠ كيلا). ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٣٣١.","vol":"8","page":141},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَشرَةَ أوسُقٍ، وقالَ: \"أَحْصِيها حَتَّى نَرجِعَ إلَيكِ إن شاءَ اللهُ\". وانطَلَقنا حَتَّى قَدِمنا تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: ثُمَّ أقبَلنا حَتَّى قَدِمنا وادِىَ القُرَى فسأَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَرأَةَ عن حَديقَتِها كَم بَلَغَ ثَمَرُها؟ فقالَت: بَلَغَ عَشَرَةَ أوسُقٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ ووُهَيبٍ عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٧٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال ليَهودِ خَيبَرَ حينَ افتَتَحَ خَيبَرَ: \"أُقِرُّكُم ما أقَرَّكُمُ اللهُ على أنَّ التَّمرَ بَينَنا وبَينَكُم\". قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَبعَثُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ فيَخرُصُ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ يقولُ: إنْ شِئتُم فلَكُم، وإِن شِئتُم فلِى. فكانوا يأخُذونهَ (^٣).\n\n٧٥١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَبعَثُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ فيَخرُصُ بَينَه وبَينَ يَهودَ. قال: فجَمَعوا له حُلِيًّا مِن حُلِىِّ نِسائهِم. فقالوا: هَذا لَكَ وخَفِّفْ عَنّا وتَجاوَزْ في القَسمِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩ عن أبى عبد الله به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣١٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٠٣) من طريق عمرو بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٥ (١٣٩٢/ ١١)، والبخارى (١٤٨١، ٤٤٢٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣١٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٦.","vol":"8","page":142},{"text":"يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ، واللهِ إنَّكُم لَمِن أبغَضِ خَلقِ اللهِ إلَىَّ، وما ذَلِكَ بحامِلِى على أن أَحيفَ عَلَيكُم، فأَمّا الَّذِى عَرَضتُم مِنَ الرِّشوَةِ فإِنَّها سُحْتٌ وإِنّا لا نأكُلُها. قالوا: بهَذا قامَتِ السَّمَاواتُ والأرضُ (^١).\n\n٧٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثتا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه -ﷺ- بَنِى النَّضيرِ فأَقَرَّها (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على ما كانوا، وجَعَلَها بَينَه وبَينَهُم، فبَعَثَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ فخَرَصَها عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ قال لَهُم: يا مَعشَرَ اليَهودِ، أنتُم أبغَضُ النّاسِ إلَىَّ، قَتَلتُم أنبياءَ اللهِ، وكَذَبْتُم على اللهِ، ولَيسَ يَحمِلُنِى بُغضِى إيّاكُم على أن أَحِيفَ عَلَيكُم، قَد خَرَصتُ عَلَيكُم عِشرينَ ألفَ وَسْقٍ مِن تَمرٍ، إِنْ شِئتُم فلَكُم، وإِن أبَيتُم فلِى. قالوا: بهَذا قامَتِ السَّمَاواتُ والأرضُ. قالوا: قَد أخَذْنا فاخرُجوا (^٣) عَنّا (^٤).\n\n٧٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أُخبِرتُ عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٤/ ٣ و- مخطوط). وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣١٩) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"فأقرهم\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال: فاخرجوا\".\n(^٤) ابن طهمان في مشيخته (٣٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٩٥٣)، وأبو داود (٣٤١٤) مختصرًا. وعند ابن طهمان وأحمد: خيبر. بدل: بنى النضير.","vol":"8","page":143},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت، وهِىَ تَذكُرُ شأنَ خَيبَرَ: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَبعَثُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ إلَى يَهودَ فيَخْرُصُ (^١) النَّخلَ حيَن يَطيبُ قَبلَ أن يُؤكَلَ مِنه، ثُمَّ يُخَيِّرُ يَهودَ يأخُذونَه بذَلِكَ الخَرْصِ أم (^٢) يَدفَعونَه إلَيهِم بذَلِكَ الخَرْصِ؟ لِكَى تُحصَى الزَّكاةُ قَبلَ أن تُؤكَلَ الثِّمارُ وتُفَرَّقَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1669>بابُ مَن قال: يُترَكُ لِرَبِّ الحائطِ قَدرُ ما يأكُلُ هو وأَهلُه، وما يُعرِى المَساكيَن مِنها لا يُخرَصُ عَلَيه</span>\nذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ البُوَيطِىِّ، وفِى البُيوعِ، وقالَ في القَديمِ: ذَلِكَ على الاجتِهادِ مِنَ الخارِصِ ويُقَدِّرُ ما يَرَى. قال: وذَكَرَ مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: لِلخُرّاصِ: \"لا تَخرُصوا العَرايا\". قال: وأخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن فُطَيرٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَكُنْ يَخرُصُ العَرايا ولا أبو بكرٍ ولا عُمَرُ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهُما مُرسَلانِ. وقَد رُوىَ فيه حَديثٌ مَوصولٌ:\n\n٧٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عليهم\".\n(^٢) في ص ٣، م: \"أو\". وينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣١٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٤٠).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٢٠) عن الشافعى به.","vol":"8","page":144},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ في كِتابِ \"السنن\"، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبَيبِ (^١) بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: جاءَ سَهلُ بنُ أبى حَثمَةَ إلَى مَجلِسِنا قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا خَرَصتُم فخُذوا ودَعوا الثُّلُثَ، فإِن لَم تَدَعوا الثُّلُثَ فدَعوا الرُّبُعَ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٥١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ وَارَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ يَزيدَ العُمَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُغيثٍ الجُرَشِىُّ، عن الصَّلتِ بنِ زُيَيْدٍ (^٤) المُزَنِىِّ سَمِعه يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- استَعمَلَه على الخَرْصِ، فقالَ: \"أثبِتْ لَنا النِّصفَ، وأَبقِ لَهُمُ النِّصفَ، فإِنَّهُم يَسرِقونَ ولا يَصِلُ إلَيهِم\". قال محمدٌ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: قَد ثَبَتَ عِندَنا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أثبِتْ لَنا الثُّلُثَينِ وأَبقِ لَهُمُ الثُّلُثَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، وسنن أبى داود: \"حبيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٢٧، وعون المعبود ٢/ ٢٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأبو داود (١٦٠٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٠) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وأحمد (١٥٧١٣)، والترمذى (٦٤٣)، والنسائى (٢٤٩٠)، وابن حبان (٣٢٨٠) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٤٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"زبيد\". بالباء الموحدة ثم الياء المثناة، والصواب أنه بياءين. ينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ٤، وتوضيح المشتبه ٤/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الصحابة (٣٨٧٧) من طريق محمد بن مسلم بن وارة به دون قول محمد بن مغيث.","vol":"8","page":145},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هَذا إسنادٌ مَجهولٌ. وقَد رُوىَ فيه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-:\n\n٧٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كشْمَرْدُ (^١)، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يَبعَثُ أبا حَثْمَةَ خارِصًا يَخرُصُ النَّخلَ، فيأمُرُه إذا وجَدَ القَومَ في حائطِهِم يَخرُصونَه أن يَدَعَ لَهُم ما يأكُلونَه فلا يَخرُصَه. (^٢)\nوقَد ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣)، وقَد رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٤) عن يَحيَى مَوصولًا:\n\n٧٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- بَعَثَه على\n_________\n(^١) ذكره السمعانى وابن الأثير بكسر الكاف، في حين ذكره السيوطى بالضم، وضبط في نسخة الأصل عندنا بفتح الكاف، وهو لقب أبى بكر محمد بن عبيد الله الكشمردى، أحد أجداد محمد بن عمرو. وقيل فيه: قشمرد. ينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٧٥، واللباب ٣/ ٤٢، ونزهة الألباب في الألقاب ٢/ ٩١، ١٢٣، ولب اللباب في تحرير الأنساب ٢/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٢٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٢١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٥٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد بنحوه. وعند ابن أبى شيبة: خيثمة. بدل: حثمة. وليس عند عبد الرزاق ذكر أبى حثمة.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٢٢) عن الشافعى به.\n(^٤) في ص ٣: \"يزيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"8","page":146},{"text":"خَرْصِ التَّمرِ، وقالَ: إذا أتَيتَ أرضًا فاخرُصْها، ودَعْ لَهُم قَدرَ ما يأكُلونَ (^١).\nوقَد ذَكَرَه الأوزاعِيُّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ -﵁- مُرسَلًا:\n\n٧٥٢٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمروٍ، يَعنِى الأوزاعِيَّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: خَفِّفوا على الناسِ في الخَرْصِ؛ فإِنَّ فيه العَرِيَّةَ والوَطيَّةَ والأُكلَةَ. قال الوَليدُ: قُلتُ لأبِى عمرٍو: وما العَرِيَّةُ؛ قال: النَّخلَةَ والنَّخلَتَينِ (^٢) والثَّلاثَ يَمنَحُها الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِن أهلِ الحاجَةِ. قُلتُ: فما الأُكلَةُ؟ قال: أهلُ المالِ يأكُلونَ مِنه رُطبًا فلا يُحْرَصُ ذَلِكَ ويوضعُ مِن خَرْصِه. قال: فقُلتُ: فما الوَطيَّةُ؛ قال: مَن يَغشاهُم ويَزورُهُم (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا اللَّفظُ الَّذِى رَواه الأوزاعِيُّ عن عُمَرَ في التَّخفيفِ قَد رَواه مَكحولٌ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤). وقَد رُوىَ في هَذا حَديثٌ مُسْنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ غَيرِ قَوىٍّ:\n\n٧٥٢١ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٢، ٤٠٣.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٤٥٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به، دون قول الوليد.\n(^٤) أخرج أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٤٥٣)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١١٨).","vol":"8","page":147},{"text":"وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ والقاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن حَرَامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن أبى عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"احتاطوا لأهلِ الأموالِ في الواطيَّةِ والعامِلَةِ والنَّوائبِ، وما وجَبَ في التَّمرِ مِنَ الحَقِّ\" (^١).\n\n٧٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيحُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَروانَ العُثمانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن حَرَامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدٍ ابنَى جابِرٍ، عن أبيهِما. فذَكَرَه مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nوقَد رُوىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في حَديثٍ مُرْسَلٍ: \"لَيسَ في العَرايا صَدَقَةٌ\":\n\n٧٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبيه يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ، وأَشارَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بكَفِّه بخَمسِ أصابِعَ: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ صَدَقَةٌ\". وزادَ عن النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- في هَذا الحديثِ: \"ولَيسَ في العَرايا صَدَقَةٌ\". عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٩٢)، وفيه: الثمر. بدل: التمر. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٧٩: حرام متروك.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٥٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٢٠) من طريق حرام بن عثمان به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٢٥٢). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٤٥١) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به، مقتصرًا على ذكر الشاهد.","vol":"8","page":148},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: حمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ يَروى حَديثَ الأواقِ والأوساقِ والأذوادِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن تَكُونَ هذه الزِّيادَةُ مَعَها في الحديثِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1670>بابٌ: لا تُؤخَد صَدَقَةُ شَئٍ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ غَيِر النَّخلِ والعِنَبِ</span>\n\n٧٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَي، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى ومُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَهُما إلَى اليَمَنِ، فأَمَرَهُما أن يُعَلِّما النّاسَ أمرَ دينِهِم. وَقالَ: \"لا تأخُذا في الصَّدَقَةِ إلَّا مِن هذه الأصنافِ الأربَعَةِ: الشَّعيرِ والحِنطَةِ والزَّبيبِ والتَّمرِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٥٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَي، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ ومُعاذٍ، أنَّهُما حينَ بُعِثا إلَى اليَمَنِ لَم يأخُذا إلَّا مِنَ الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرٍ وأبو سعيدٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٨، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠١، وعنه المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٢٥)، من طريق أبى حذيفة به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٢٦)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٣٧).","vol":"8","page":149},{"text":"أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ، أنَّه لَمّا أتَى اليَمَنَ لَم يأخُذِ الصَّدَقَةَ إلَّا مِنَ الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الرُّوْاسِيُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ نَجيحٍ السَّعدِيِّ المَدَنِيِّ، عن بِشرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ وعُثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أوسٍ، أنَّ سُفيانَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ، وكانَ عامِلًا له على الطَّائفِ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: أنَّ قِبَلَه حيطانًا (^٢) فيها كُرومٌ، وفيها مِنَ الفِرْسِكِ (^٣) والرُّمَّانِ ما هو أكثَرُ غَلَّةً مِنَ الكُرومِ أضعافًا، فكَتَبَ إلَيه يَستأمِرُه في العُشْرِ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ: أنَّه لَيسَ عَلَيها عُشرٌ. قال: هِىَ مِنَ العِضاهِ (^٤) كُلُّها، فلَيسَ عَلَيها عُشرٌ (^٥).\nوهَذا قَولُ مُجاهِدٍ والحَسَنِ والنَّخعِيِّ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٦)، ورُوِّيناه عن\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٣٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١١٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) رسمها في الأصل: \"حيطانٌ\".\n(^٣) الفرسك: هو الخوخ، وقيل: هو مثل الخوخ من شجر العضاه، وهو أجرد أملس أحمر وأصفر، وطعمه كطعم الخوخ، ويقال له: الفرسق أيضًا، وهى كلمة يمانية، وقبل: ضرب من الخوخ، ليس يتفلق عن نواه. ينظر الصحاح ٤/ ٢٨٩ (فرسك)، والنهاية ٣/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٤) العضاه: كلّ شجر عظيم له شوك. النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٥) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٤٨).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧١٧٢، ٧١٧٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١١٥، ١٠١١٦، ١٠١٢٩)، والخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٥٣٩).","vol":"8","page":150},{"text":"الفُقَهاءِ السَّبَعَةِ مِن تابِعِى أهلِ المَدينَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1671>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الزَّيتونِ</span>\n\n٧٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ أنَّه سأَلَ ابنَ شِهابٍ عن الزَّيتونِ فقالَ: فيه العُشرُ (^١).\n\n٧٥٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو هو الأوزاعِيُّ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىَّ قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ في زَكاةِ الزَّيتونِ أن تُؤخَذَ مِمَّنَ عَصَرَ زَيتونَه حينَ يَعصِرُه، فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والأنهارُ، أو كان بَعلًا، العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ برِشاءِ النّاضِحِ نِصفُ العُشرِ.\n\n٧٥٣٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ لَمّا قَدِمَ الجابيَةَ رَفَعَ إلَيه أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أنَّهُمُ اختَلَفوا في عُشرِ الزَّيتونِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: فيه العُشرُ؛ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ حَبُّه، عَصَرَه وأَخَذَ عُشرَ زَيتِهِ (^٢).\nحَديثُ عُمَرَ في هَذا البابِ مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويه لَيسَ بقَوىٍّ (^٣)، وأَصَحُّ ما رُوىَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٢٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٢) ينظر الأموال لأبى عبيد (١٥٠٢).\n(^٣) عثمان بن عطاء بن أبى مسلم الخراساني، أبو مسعود المقدسي، ضعفه يحيى بن معين والبخارى ومسلم والنسائى والدارقطنى وابن خزيمة وأبو حاتم. تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٤٣. وسيأتى الكلام عن عطاء عقب (٩٢١٩).","vol":"8","page":151},{"text":"فيه قَولُ ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، وحَديثُ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ وأَبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ أعَلَى وأَولَى أن يُؤخَذَ به، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1672>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الوَرْسِ </span>(^١)\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ (^٢) ﵀: أخبرَنِى هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ أنَّ أهلَ حُفَاشَ (^٣) أخرَجوا كِتابًا مِن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ -﵁- في قِطعَةِ أديمٍ إلَيهِم يأمُرهُم بأَن يُؤَدّوا عُشرَ الوَرْسِ. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: ولا أدرِى أثابِتٌ هَذا؟ وهو يُعمَلُ به باليَمَنِ، فإِن كان ثابِتًا عُشِرَ قَليلُه وكَثيرُه (^٤).\nقال الشَّيخُ: لَم يَثبُتْ في هَذا إسنادٌ تَقومُ بمِثلِه حُجَّةٌ، والأصلُ أنْ لا وُجوبَ، فلا يُؤخَذُ مِن غَيرِ ما ورَدَ به خَبَرٌ صَحيحٌ، أو كان في غَيرِ مَعنَى ما ورَدَ به خَبَرٌ صَحيحٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1673>بابُ ما ورَدَ في العَسَلِ</span>\n\n٧٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ يَرحُمَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلَمةَ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الوَرْس: نبت أصفر يصبغ به. النهاية ٥/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الشافعى في القديم\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، \"خفاش\". وحُفَاش: جبل بالمن. معجم البدان ٢/ ٢٩٣، والتاج ١٧/ ١٥٧ (ح ف ش). وفى محجم البلدان ممنوع من الصرف، والتاج مصروف، وقال: كغراب.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٢٧) عن الشافعى به.","vol":"8","page":152},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"العَسَلُ في كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ (^١) أزقاقٍ زِقٌّ\" (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ به هَكَذا صَدَقَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّمينُ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣)؛ قَد ضَعَّفَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُهُما (^٤).\nوقالَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: هو عن نافِعٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلٌ (^٥).\n\n٧٥٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن أبى سَيّارَةَ المُتَعِيِّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى نَحْلًا. قال: \"أدِّ العُشرَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، احْمِ لِى جَبَلَها. فحَماه لِى (^٦). وهَذا أصَحُّ ما رُوىَ في وُجوبِ العُشرِ (^٧) فيه، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\nقال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٣، وفى الأصل: \"عشر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٢٩) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وقال: في إسناده مقال.\n(^٣) هو صدقة بن عبد الله، أبو معاوية السمين. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٩٦، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٤٢٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ١٣٣، قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٦٦: ضعيف.\n(^٤) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ١/ ٥٥١ (١٣١٣)، وتاريخ ابن معين ٤/ ٤١٧ (٥٠٥٧ رواية الدورى).\n(^٥) علل الترمذى عقب (١٧٥).\n(^٦) الطيالسى (١٣١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢٣) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٧) في س: \"الصدقة\".","vol":"8","page":153},{"text":"فقالَ: هَذا حَديثٌ مُرسَل، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى لَم يُدرِكْ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ولَيسَ في زَكاةِ العَسَلِ شَيءٌ يَصِحُّ (^١).\nقال البخارىُّ: وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَزَرٍ (^٢) مَتروكُ الحديثِ (^٣). يَعنِى بذَلِكَ تَضعيفَ رِوايَتِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أبى سلَمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا في العَسَلِ:\n\n٧٥٣٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبَّادٍ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُحَرَّرٍ (^٤)، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ أن يُؤخَذَ مِنَ العَسَلِ العُشرُ (^٥).\n\n٧٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ أبى شُعَيبٍ الحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحِارِثِ المِصرِيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: جاءَ هِلالٌ أحَدُ بَنِى مُتعَانَ، إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بعُشورِ نَحلٍ له، وسأَلَه أن يَحمِىَ واديًا يُقالُ له: سَلَبَةُ (^٦). فحَمَى له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذَلِكَ الوادِىَ، فلَمَّا\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذى الكبير عقب (١٧٥، ١٧٦).\n(^٢) في س: \"محرز\"، وفى ص ٣: \"محمد\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٢. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٢، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٧٠. وفيهما: منكر الحديث.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٣: \"محرز\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٦٩٧٢).\n(^٦) وادى سلبة: بفتح السين وبفتح اللام وسكونها وآخرها هاء واد لبنى متعان؛ بضم الميم وسكون التاء. وفى معجم قبائل العرب ٣/ ١٠٣٦: مَتعان بفتح الميم، فرع من بنى الأوس. معجم ما استعجم ٣/ ٧٤٦.","vol":"8","page":154},{"text":"تَوَلَّى (^١) عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- كَتَبَ سفيانُ بنُ وهبٍ (^٢) إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- يَسألُه عن ذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إِنْ أدَّى إلَيكَ ما كان يُؤَدِّى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن عُشورِ نَحلِه؛ فاحْمِ له سَلَبَةَ، وإِلَّا فإِنَّما هو ذُبابُ غَيثٍ (^٣) يأكُلُه مَن شاءَ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُغيرَةُ، [نسَبَه ابنَ] (^٥) عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ المَخزومِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ شَبَابَةَ (^٦) بَطنٌ مِن فَهْمٍ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه، وقالَ: مِن كُلِّ عَشرِ قرَبةٌ (^٧). وقالَ سفيانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيُّ. قال: وكانَ يَحمِى لَهُم واديَينِ. زادَ: فأَدَّوا إلَيه ما كانوا يُؤَدّونَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وحَمَى لَهُم واديَيْهِم (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في س، وسنن أبى داود: \"ولى\".\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"وهيب\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٤٥٢.\n(^٣) يريد بالذباب النحل، وإضافته إلى الغيث على معنى أنه يكون مع الغيث، يريد أنَّها تعيش بالمطر؛ لأنَّها تأكل ما ينبت عنه، فإذا لَمْ يكن غيث لَمْ يكن لها ما تأكل. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٥٠، والنهاية ٢/ ١٥٢.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٦٠٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٩٨) من طريق أحمد بن أبى شعيب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٥).\n(^٥) في س: \"نسبه إلى ابن\"، في نسخة في حاشية الأصل: \"ونسبه إلى\". وينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٢٣.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: سيابة\". وعلق عليها بقوله: \"سماعى في السنن لأبى داود بالمعجمة كما في الأصل هنا، وفى الحاشية: سيابة، قال مشايخنا: هو وهم، وهو ههنا في الحاشية كما ترى\". وشبابة، بطن من فهم (من قبائل الأزد) وهم قوم بالطائف من خثعم كانوا يتخذون النحل حتى نسب إليهم العسل فقيل: عسل شبابى. المغرب ١/ ٤٣٠ (ش ب ب). وينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٢٣.\n(^٧) القربة تقدر بـ ٤٨. ٦٨ لترًا. المقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٨) في الأصل: \"واديتهم\". =","vol":"8","page":155},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عمرٍو نَحَوَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٧٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَسلَمتُ، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اجعَلْ لِقَومِى ما أسلَموا عَلَيه مِن أموالِهِم. ففَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- واستَعمَلَنِى عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ استَعمَلَنِى أبو بكرٍ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ. قال: وكانَ سَعدٌ مِن أهلِ السَّراةِ. قال: فكَلَّمتُ قَومِى في العَسَلِ، فقُلتُ لَهُم: زَكّوه فإِنَّه لا خَيرَ في ثَمَرَةٍ لا تُزَكَّى. فقالوا: كَم؟ قال: فقُلتُ: العُشْرُ. فأَخَذتُ مِنهُمُ العُشرَ، فأَتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فأَخبَرتُه بما كان. قال: فقَبَضَه عُمَرُ فباعَه، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ ثَمَنَه في صَدَقاتِ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٣٧ - وأَخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ أبو ضَمرَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوهِ.\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبى ذُبابِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه في العَسَلِ (^٣).\n_________\n= والحديث عند أبى داود (١٦٠١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٤) عن أحمد بن عبدة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٦).\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٠٢)، وابن ماجة (١٨٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٥) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٧).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٢٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ٣٨، ٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٧١ من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن إسحاق به.","vol":"8","page":156},{"text":"ورَواه الصَّلتُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، عن مُنيرٍ، هو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن سَعدٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَي، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، عن مُنيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن سَعدٍ:\n\n٧٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى ذُبابٍ، عن مُنيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، قال لَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ. كَذا قال. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: عبدُ اللَّهِ والِدُ مُنيرٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، لَم يَصِحَّ حَديثُه (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ البَراءُ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ في هَذا الحديثِ: مُنيرٌ هَذا لا نَعرِفُه إلَّا في هَذا الحَديثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٧١ عن الصلت به.\n(^٢) ابن عدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٤٠. وفيه: سعيد بن أبى ذياب. بدل: سعد بن أبى ذباب. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ٣٤١، وأحمد (١٦٧٢٨)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٧١ من طريق صفوان به.\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٤٠، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة (٨٢٢١) عن ابن المدينى.","vol":"8","page":157},{"text":"٧٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بَحرٍ البَرْبَهَارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّه أُتِيَ بوَقَصِ البَقَرِ والعَسَلِ، حَسِبتُه (^٢) فقالَ مُعاذٌ: كِلاهُما لَم يأمُرْنِى فيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قال: جاءَ كِتابٌ مِن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ إلَى أبى وهو بمِنًى: لا (^٤) تَأْخُذْ مِنَ الخَيلِ ولا مِنَ العَسَلِ صَدَقَةً (^٥).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وسَعدُ بنُ أبى ذُبابٍ يَحكِى ما يَدُلُّ على أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يأمُرْه بأَخذِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنَ العَسَلِ، وأنَّه شَئٌ رآه فتَطَوَّعَ له به أهلُه. وقالَ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الحَديثُ في أنَّ في العَسَلِ العُشرَ. ضَعيفٌ، وفِى ألَّا يُؤخَذَ مِنه العُشرُ ضَعيفٌ، إلَّا عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ. واختيارِى ألَّا يُؤخَذَ مِنه؛ لأنَّ السُّنَنَ والآثارَ ثابِتَةٌ فيما يُؤخَذُ مِنه، ولَيسَت فيه ثابِتَةٌ، فكأَنَّه عَفوٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصله على الخطب\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حسبت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٠٧) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٦٧) من طريق ابن عيينة عن عمرو بن دينار عن طاوس به، وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٨٣: وهذا منقطع.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٣، م: \"ألا\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٣٠)، والشافعى في الأم ٢/ ٣٩، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٧. وتقدم في (٧٤٩١).","vol":"8","page":158},{"text":"٧٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: لَيسَ في العَسَلِ زَكاةٌ (^١). قال يَحيَى: وسُئلَ حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن العَسَلِ، فلَم يَرَ فيه شَيئًا (^٢).\nوذُكِرَ عن مُعاذٍ أنَّه لَم يأخُذْ مِنَ العَسَلِ شَيئًا:\n\n٧٥٤٢ - [أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بن مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ (^٤). نَحوَه] (^٣) (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٧١).\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٧٣).\n(^٣) كتب عليه في الأصل: \"من إلى\"، وكتب في الحاشية: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على المعلم عليه. من إلى\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٣، م: \"وذكر\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩٦٤) عن الثورى به.","vol":"8","page":159},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1674><span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1675>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَدَقَةِ الزَّرعِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1676>بابٌ: لا شَئَ في الثِّمارِ والحُبوبِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنها خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ، فيَكُونَ فيما بَلَغَ مِنها خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةً </span></span>(^١)\n\n٧٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا صَدَقَةَ في حبٍّ ولا تَمرٍ دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٣).\n\n٧٥٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنى أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ في حَبٍّ ولا تَمرٍ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ، ولا فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ صَدَقَةٌ، ولا فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صدَقَةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه: صدقته\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٢٤٠)، ويجى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٤٠)، وعنه أحمد (١١٥٧٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٤٨٢) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٧٣٢٣ - ٧٣٢٥، ٧٤١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٩/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٢٤٨٤) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن به. والدارمى (١٦٧٤) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٧٩/ ٥).","vol":"8","page":160},{"text":"٧٥٤٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ عَمرٍو الضَّبِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ (^١) يَعنِى الطَّائفِيَّ، عن عَمرِو بنِ دِينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدْرِىِّ قالا: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَدَقَةَ في الزَّرْعِ، ولا في الكَرْمِ، ولا في النَّخلِ، إلَّا ما بَلَع خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ؛ وذَلِكَ مِائَةُ فَرَقٍ (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n٧٥٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على الرَّجُلِ المُسلِمِ زَكاةٌ في كَرْمِه ولا في زَرعِه، إذا كان أقَلَّ مِن خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لا يُجمَعُ بَينَ الحِنطَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"سلمة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤١٢.\n(^٢) سيأتى الكلام عن مقدار الفرق (٧٧٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٦٦١)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٤ من طريق داود بن عمرو به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٤) من طريق محمد بن مسلم به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٨٤: محمد -يعنى ابن مسلم- ليس بحجة.","vol":"8","page":161},{"text":"ولا الشَّعيرِ، ولا بَينَ التَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ في الصَّدَقَةِ، إذا لَم يَبلُغْ كُلُّ واحِدٍ خَمسَةَ أوساقٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1677>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ فيما يَزرَعُه الآدَميّونَ ويَيبَسُ ويُدَّخَرُ ويُقتاتُ دونَ ما تُنبِتُه الأرضُ مِنَ الخُضَرِ</span>\n\n٧٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ على الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^٢) بنِ سِنانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ قال: عِندَنا كِتابُ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه (^٣) إنَّما أخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الحِنطَةِ، والشَّعيرِ، والزَّبيبِ، والتَّمرِ (^٤).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، وزادَ فيه قال: بَعَثَ الحَجّاجُ بموسَى (^٥) بنِ المُغيرَةِ على الخُضَرِ والسَّوادِ، فأَرادَ أنْ يأخُذَ مِنَ الخُضَرِ الرِّطابِ والبُقولِ، فقالَ موسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ: عِندَنا كِتابُ مُعاذٍ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه أمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِنَ الحِنطَةِ، والشَّعيرِ، والتَّمرِ، والزَّبيبِ. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَى الحَجّاجِ في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: صَدَقَ.\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٧٣).\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"أحمد بن جعفر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣: \"قال\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٨٩) عن عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الحجاج موسى\".","vol":"8","page":162},{"text":"٧٥٤٩ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٧٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ قال: أرادَ موسَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ أن يأخُذَ مِن خُضَرِ أرضِ موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ فقالَ له موسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ: إنَّه لَيسَ في الخُضَرِ شَئٌ. وَرَواه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فكَتَبوا بذَلِكَ إلَى الحَجّاجِ فكَتَبَ الحَجّاجُ: إنَّ موسَى بنَ طَلحَةَ أعلَمُ مِن موسَى بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بهَمذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَيرُ بنُ مِرداسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ الصّائغُ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَة بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والبَعْلُ والسَّيلُ العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالنَّضْحِ نِصفُ العُشرِ\". وإنَّما يَكونُ ذَلِكَ في التَّمرِ والحِنطَةِ والحُبوبِ. فأَمّا القِثّاءُ، والبِطّيخُ، والرُّمّانُ، والقَضبُ، فقَد عَفا عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ عن ابنِ نافِعٍ فقالَ: والقَضْبُ والخُضَرُ، فعَفوٌ\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٠٣).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠١.","vol":"8","page":163},{"text":"عَفا عنه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n٧٥٥٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ الأزرَقُ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّفّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا غِياثٌ (^٢) الجَزَرِيُّ (^٣)، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: لَم تَكُنِ الصَّدَقَةُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا في خَمسَةِ أشياءَ: الحِنطَةِ، والشَّعيرِ، والتَّمرِ، والزَّبيبِ، والذُّرَةِ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عَمرِو بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لَم يَفرِضْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا في عَشَرَةِ أشياءَ: الإِبِلِ، والبَقَرِ، والغَنَمِ، والذَّهَبِ، والفِضَّةِ، والحِنطَةِ، والشَّعيرِ، والتَّمرِ، والزَّبيبِ. قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: أُراه قال: والذُّرَةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٧. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٨٥: إسحاق واه، والصائغ فيه مقال.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عتاب\". وفي مصدرى التخريج: \"عتاب\"، وكان في المهذب للذهبي ٣/ ١٤٨٥: \"غياث\" وغيرها المحقّق. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٥٧، ٢٥٨، ١٩/ ٢٨٦، ٢٨٧.\n(^٣) في س: \"الجريرى\". وفى ص ٣: \"الخرزى\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٣٢)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥١٨).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الحسين\".\n(^٦) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥١٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٧٢) من طريق عمرو به. وقال الذهبى =","vol":"8","page":164},{"text":"٧٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّه بنُ موسَي، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرٍو، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لَم يَجعَلْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الصَّدَقَةَ إلَّا في عَشَرَةٍ. فذَكَوَهُنَّ، وذَكَرَ فيهِنَّ: السُّلتَ (^١). ولَم يَذكُرِ: الذُّرَةَ.\n\n٧٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ: \"إنَّما الصَّدَقَةُ في الحِنْطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ\" (^٢).\nهذه الأحاديثُ كُلُّها مَراسيلُ، إلَّا أنَّها مِن طُرُقٍ مُختَلِفَةٍ؛ فبَعضُها يُؤكِّدُ بَعضًا، ومَعَها رِوايَةُ أبى بُردَةَ عن أبى موسَي، وقَد مَضَتْ في بابِ النَّخلِ (^٣) ومَعَها قَولُ بَعضِ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃-.\n\n٧٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ في الخَضرَاوَاتِ صَدَقَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n= ٣/ ١٤٨٥: مرسل، وفيه عمرو واه.\n(^١) السلت: ضرب من الشعير أبيض لا قشر له. وقيل: هو نوع من الحنطة. والأول أصح. النهاية ٢/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥١٦).\n(^٣) تقدمت في (٧٥٢٤ - ٧٥٢٧).\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٤٩).","vol":"8","page":165},{"text":"وَرَواه جَماعَةٌ عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ (^١).\nورُوّيناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ في بابِ النَّخلِ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: لَيسَ في الخُضَرِ والبُقولِ صَدَقَةٌ (^٣).\nتابَعَه الأجلَحُ عن أبى إسحاقَ (^٤). ورُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليٍّ مَرفوعًا إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٥). ورُوىَ عن عائشةَ فيما ذَكَرَت أنَّ السُّنَّةَ جَرَتْ به، ولَيسَ فيما أنبَتَتِ الأرضُ مِنَ الخُضَرِ زَكاةٌ\" (^٦).\n\n٧٥٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لا صَدَقَةَ إلَّا في نَخلٍ أو عِنَبٍ أو حَبٍّ، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الخُضَرِ بَعدُ والفَواكِهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥٠٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٢٤) من طريق أبى معاوية عن ليث به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٨٥: لكنه منقطع.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم (٧٥٢٧).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٥٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٨٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٢٥) عن قيس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٥٦) من طريق الأجلح به، بلفظ: ليس في زرع الصيف صدقة.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٤، ٩٥ من حديث علي.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٥ من حديث عائشة.","vol":"8","page":166},{"text":"كُلِّها صَدَقَةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1678>بابُ قَدرِ الصَّدَقَةِ فيما أخرَجت الأرضُ</span>\n\n٧٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه سَنَّ فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والعُيونُ أو كان عَثَرِيًّا (^٢) العُشرَ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالنَّضحِ نِصفَ العُشرِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سَعيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٤).\nورَواه هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ بإِسنادِه هَذا، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والأنهارُ والعُيونُ أو كان بَعْلًا العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالسَّوانِى (^٥) أو النَّضحِ فنِصفُ العُشرِ\".\n\n٧٥٦١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ سَعيدِ بنِ الهَيثَمِ الأيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٣١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٨٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٣٣) من طريق ابن جريجٍ بنحوه.\n(^٢) العثرى من الزرع: ما سقى بماء السيل والمطر وأجرى إليه الماء من المسايل، ومن النخيل: الذى يشرب بعروقه من ماء المطر يجتمع في حفيرة. التاج ١٢/ ٥٢٨ (ع ث ر).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٨٣).\n(^٥) السوانى: الإبل التى يستقى عليها من الآبار، وهى النواضح بأعيانها. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٧٠.","vol":"8","page":167},{"text":"وَهْبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٧٥٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأشعَثِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ الله كان يقولُ: صَدَقَةُ الثِّمارِ والزَّرعِ، ما كان مِن نَخلٍ أو عِنَبٍ أو زَرعٍ، مِن حِنطَةٍ أو شَعيرٍ أو سُلْتٍ، وسُقِىَ بنَهَرٍ أو سُقِىَ بالعَينِ أو عَثَريًّا يُسقَى بالمَطَرِ، ففيه العُشرُ مِن كُلِّ عَشرَةٍ واحِدٌ، وما كان يُسقَى بالنَّضحِ ففيه نِصفُ العُشرِ؛ مِن كُلِّ عِشرينَ واحِدٌ، وكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ: \"إلَى الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ كُلالٍ ومَن مَعَه مِن مَعافِرَ وهَمْدَانَ على المُؤمِنينَ في صَدَقَةِ الثِّمارِ -أو قال: العَقارِ- عُشرُ ما تَسقِى العَينُ، وما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ وعَلَى ما سُقى بالغَربِ (^٢) نِصفُ العُشرِ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: كذا وجَدتُه مَوصولًا بالحَدِيثِ، وفِى قَولِه: \"على المُؤمِنينِ\". كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّها لا تُؤخَذُ مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عَمرُو بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٢٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٥٩٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٤٨٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨١٧) عن هارون بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) الغرب: الدلو العظيمة. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٢٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٧٣) عن محمد بن بكر به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٢٣٩) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"8","page":168},{"text":"الحارِثِ، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَذكُرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فيما سَقَتِ الأنهارُ والغَيمُ العُشورُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالسّانيَةِ نِصفُ العُشرِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن الثِّقَةِ عِندَه، عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ يَسارٍ، وعن بُسْرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والعُيونُ والبَعْلُ العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالنَّضْحِ نِصفُ العُشرِ\" (^٣). رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ في كتاب القديم عن مالكٍ (^٤)، وقالَ في الجَديدِ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ هَذا الحديثَ يُوصَلُ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى ذُبابٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ولَم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا (^٥). وإِنَّما أرادَ به الحارِثَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، فإِنَّه يَرويه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وبُسرِ (^٦) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مَوصولًا:\n\n٧٥٦٥ - أخبَرَنَاه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ المَدينِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٩١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٦٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٥٩٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨١).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٤/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٣٣).\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٣٧.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٣: \"بشر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٧٢.","vol":"8","page":169},{"text":"يقولُ: تَرَكَ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ الرِّوايَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، فلَيسَ في كتبِه ذِكرُه ولَم يَرو عنه شَيئًا. قال: وحَدَّثَنا عاصِمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الأشجَعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وبُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالنَّضحِ نِصفُ العُشرِ\". قال عاصِمٌ: حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ قال: خُبِّرتُ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وبُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ. وتَرَكَ ابنَ أبى ذُبابٍ؛ لِلمُنكَراتِ التى في رِوايَتِهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا الحَديثُ مُستَغنٍ عن رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى ذُبابٍ؛ فقَد روِّيناه بإِسنادَينِ صَحيحَينِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢)، وبِإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عن جابِرِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، وهو قَولُ العامَّةِ لَم يَختَلِفوا فيه، وحَديثُ عَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قدْ مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n\n٧٥٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجودِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٣٥) دون قول على بن المدينى وعاصم. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٣٨٥ من طريق على بن المدينى بتمامه. والترمذى (٦٣٩)، وابن ماجة (١٨١٦) من طريق عاصم به، دون قول عاصم.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٥٦٠ - ٧٥٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٥٦٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"8","page":170},{"text":"بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ، وأَمَرَنِى أن آخُذَ مِمّا سَقَتِ السَّماءُ، وما سُقِىَ بَعْلًا، العُشرَ، وما سُقِىَ بالدَّوالِى (^١) فنصفَ (^٢) العُشرِ (^٣).\n\n٧٥٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ وحدَه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ وما سُقِىَ فَتْحًا (^٤) العُشرُ، وما سُقِىَ بالدَّلو فنِصفُ العُشرِ (^٥).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: ما أسْقَتِ (^٦) السَّماءُ فمِن كُلِّ عَشرَةٍ واحِدٌ، وما سُقِىَ بالغَربِ فمِن كُلِّ عِشرينَ واحِدٌ (^٧).\n\n٧٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه\n_________\n(^١) الدالية: دلو ونحوها، وخشب يصنع كهيئة الصليب ويشد برأس الدلو ثم يؤخذ حبل يربط طرفه بذلك وطرفه بجذع قائم على رأس البئر ويسقى بها. المصباح المنير ص ٧٦ (د ل و).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"نصف\".\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٦٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨١٨) عن الحسن بن على بن عفان. وأحمد (٢٢٠٣٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٨٩) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به.\n(^٤) الفتح: الماء الذى يجرى في الأنهار على وجه الأرض. النهاية ٣/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٥) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٧٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٣٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٧١) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٣، م: \"سقت\".\n(^٧) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٧٩).","vol":"8","page":171},{"text":"قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ أو سُقِىَ بالسَّيلِ والغَيْلِ والبَعْلِ العُشرَ، وما سُقِىَ بالنَّواضِحِ فنِصفَ العُشرِ. قال حاتِمٌ: والغَيلُ: ما سُقِىَ فتحًا، والبَعلُ هو العِذْىُ الَّذِى يَسقيه ماءُ المَطَرِ. قال يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ: وسألتُ أبا إياسٍ يَعنِى الأسَدِىَّ، فقالَ: البَعلُ والعَثَرِىُّ والعِذْىُ هو الَّذِى يُسقَى بماءِ السَّماءِ. قال يَحيَى: العَثَرِىُّ؛ ما يُزرَعُ لِلسِّحابِ لِلمَطَرِ خاصَّةً لَيسَ يُسقَى إلَّا بماءٍ يُصيبُه مِنَ المَطَرِ، فذَلِكَ العَثَرِيُّ، والبَعلُ: ما كان مِنَ الكُرُومِ قَد ذَهَبَت عَروقُه في الأرضِ إلَى الماءِ، فلا يَحتاجُ إلَى السَّقى الخَمسَ السِّنينَ والسِّتَّ يَحتَمِلُ تَرْكَ السَّقىِ، فهَذا البَعلُ، والسَّيلُ: ماءُ الوادِى إذا سألَ، وأَمَّا الغَيلُ فهو سَيلٌ دونَ السَّيلِ الكَثيرِ، إذا سألَ القَليلُ بالماءِ الصَّافي فِي فهو الغَيلُ، والعِذْىُ: ماءُ المَطَرِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سأَلَه عن الأرضِ تُسقَى بالسَّيحِ (^٢)، ثُمَّ تُسقَى بالدَّوالِى أو تُسقَى بالدَّوالِي، ثُمَّ بالسَّيحِ؛ على أيُّهِما تُؤخَذُ الزَّكاةُ؟ قال: على أكثَرِهِما تُسقَى به. قال يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ: تُزَكَّى بالحِصَّةِ (^٣).\n\n٧٥٧٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٧٠، ٣٩٣، ٣٩٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٣٢) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.\n(^٢) السيح: الماء الجارى مثل الغيل، يسمى سيحا لأنه يسيح في الأرض، أى: يجرى. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٦٩، ٧٠.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٩٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٨٣) عن ابن المبارك به.","vol":"8","page":172},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يُخرَجُ له الطعامُ مِنْ أرضِه فيُعطِى صَدَقَتَه، ثُمَّ يَحبِسُه السَّنَةَ أو السَّنَتَينِ ولا يُزَكِّيه، وهو يُريدُ بَيعَه. قال أبو الرَّبيعِ: ثُمَّ سَمِعتُه أنا بَعدُ مِنِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1679>بابُ المُسلِمِ يَزرَعُ أرضًا مِنْ أرضِ الخَرَاجِ فيَكونُ عَلَيه في زَرعِه العُشرُ أو نصف العُشرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]. وقالَ: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤١]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٧]، وقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَة أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٢). وقالَ: \"فيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ والعُيونُ العُشرُ، وفيما سُقِىَ بالنَّضْحِ نِصفُ العُشرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفيان بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ قال: سأَلت عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن المُسلِمِ يَكونُ في يَدِه أرضُ الخَراجِ فيُسأَلُ الزَّكاةَ، فيَقولُ: إنَّ عليَّ الخَراجَ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠١٩٨) عن ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٢٣، ٧٣٢٥) من حديث أبى سعيد الخدرى.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦، ٧٥٠٠) من حديث عمرو بن حزم، وفى (٧٥٥١) من حديث معاذ بن جبل، وفى (٧٥٦٠) من حديث ابن عمر.","vol":"8","page":173},{"text":"الخَراجُ على الأرضِ وفِى الحَبِّ الزَّكاةُ. قال: وسألتُه مَرَّةً أُخرَي، فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٧٥٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن يونُسَ قال: سألتُ الزُّهرِىَّ عن زَكاةِ الأرضِ التى عَلَيها الجِزيَةُ، فقالَ: لَم يَزِلِ المُسلِمونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وبَعدَه يُعامِلونَ على الأرضِ ويَستَكْرُونَها، ويُؤَدّونَ الزَّكاةَ ممّا خَرَجَ مِنها، فنَرَى هذه الأرضَ على نَحو ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nوالكَلامُ في سَوادِ العِراقِ مَوضِعُه كِتابُ الجِزيَةِ.\nفأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n٧٥٧٣ - أخبَرناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السَّرَخْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عَنبَسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ على المُسلِمِ خَراجٌ وعُشرٌ\" (^٣). فهَذا حَديثٌ باطِلٌ وصْلُه ورَفعُه، ويَحيَى بنُ عَنبَسَةَ مُتَّهَمٌ بالوَضعِ (^٤). قال أبو سَعدٍ:\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٦٠١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٩٨) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٦٠٨).\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٠. وأخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٣/ ١٢٤ من طريق يوسف بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) هو يحيى بن عنبسة القرشى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ٣/ ١٢٤، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٤١، والكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٠.","vol":"8","page":174},{"text":"قال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ: إنَّما يَرويه أبو حَنيفَةَ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ مِن قَولِهِ، رَواه يَحيَى بنُ عَنبَسَةَ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ فأَوصَلَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. قال: ويَحيَى بنُ عَنبَسَةَ مَكشوفُ الأمرِ في ضَعفَه؛ لِرِواياتِه عن الثِّقاتِ بالمَوضُوعاتِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1680>بابُ الذِّمِّىِّ يُسلِمُ وعَلَى أرضِه خَراجٌ هو بَدَلٌ (^٢) عن الجِزيَةِ، فيَسقُطُ عنه الخَراجُ كما يَسقُطُ عنه جِزيَةُ الرُّءوسِ</span>\n\n٧٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال في أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ: \"لَهُم مما أسلَموا عَلَيه مِن أموالِهِم وعَبيدِهِم وديارِهِم وأَرضِهِم وماشيتهِم، لَيسَ عَلَيهِم فيه إلَّا صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1681>بابُ ما ورَدَ في قَوله تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤١]</span>\n\n٧٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ ابنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٣٩)، وابن محمدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٠.\n(^٢) في س: \"يجزئك\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٢٠) من طريق موسى بن أعين. وليس فيه ذكر أهل الذمة. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٨٨: ليث لين.","vol":"8","page":175},{"text":"حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: العُشرُ ونِصفُ العُشرِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا السّاجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ دِرهَمٍ، عن أنَسٍ: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: الزَّكاةُ (^٢).\nوهُما مَوقوفانِ غَيرُ قَويَّيْنِ.\n\n٧٥٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: الزَّكاةُ (^٣).\n\n٧٥٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن حَيّانَ الأعرَجِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: الزَّكاةُ\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٩٨). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٩٢٨ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٨١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٥٩٩، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٣٩٨ (٧٩٥٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٣٢. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٥٩٥، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٣٩٨ (٧٩٥٣) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤١٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٥٩٨ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٢٦٦)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ٢١٩ عن معمر به.","vol":"8","page":176},{"text":"المَفروضَةُ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ نَحوُ هَذا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، ومالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (^٢).\nوذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعينَ إلَى أنَّ المُرادَ به غَيرُ الزَّكاةِ المَفروضةِ. ويُروَى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n٧٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصٌ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ (^٣)، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوَّارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سِيرينَ وعن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: كانوا يُعطون مَنِ اعتَراهُم شَيئًا سِوَى الصَّدَقَةِ. إلَّا أنَّ حَفصًا لَم يَقُلْ: سِوَى الصَّدَقَةِ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأبو بكرٍ، وأبو سعيدٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ،\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤١٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٦٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٥٦٦ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٢٧٣، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٩٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٢٦٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٦٥).\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"عبد الرَّحمن\".\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤١٢). وأخرجه الطبرانى في المعجم الأوسط (٦٠٤١) من طريق عبد الرحيم عن أشعث عن نافع به.","vol":"8","page":177},{"text":"عن عَطاءٍ قَولَه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: مَن حَضَرَكَ فسأَلَكَ يَومَئذٍ، تُعطيه القَبَضاتِ ولَيسَت بالزَّكاةِ (^١).\n\n٧٥٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: عِندَ الزَّرعِ تُعطَى مِنه القُبَضُ؛ وهِىَ هَكَذا -وأَشارَ بأَطرافِ أصابِعِه كأَنَّه يُناولُ بها- وعِندَ الصِّرامِ (^٢) يُعطَى القُبَضُ؛ وهِىَ هَكَذا. وأَشارَ بكَفِّه كأنَّه يَقبِضُ بها يقولُ: يُعطى القَبضَةَ. قال: ويَترُكُهُم يَتَّبِعونَ آثارَ الصِّرامِ (^٣).\nوذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ إلَى أنَّها صارَت مَنسوخَةً بالزَّكاةِ المَفروضَةِ:\n\n٧٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ وأبو سعيدٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: نَسَخَتها آيَةُ الزَّكاةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤١٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٣٩٧ (٧٩٥٠) عن حسن بن على بن عفان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٠١ من طرق عن عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) الصرام: قطع الثمرة واجتناؤها. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٥٣، والنهاية ٣/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٠٢)، وهو في تفسير مجاهد ص ٣٢٩ بمعناه. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٢٦٤)، وسعيد بن منصور في سننه (٩٢٢ - تفسير) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٠٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٠٩ من طريق مغيرة به بلفظ: نسختها العشر ونصف العشر.","vol":"8","page":178},{"text":"٧٥٨٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا شريكٌ (^١)، عن سالِمٍ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ جُبَيرٍ قَولَه تَعالَى: ﴿وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ﴾ قال: كان قَبلَ الزَّكاةِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَتِ الزَّكاةُ نَسَخَتها. قال (^٢): فيُعطِى مِنه ضِغْثًا (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن السُّدِّىِّ أنَّها مَكّيَّةٌ نَسَخَتها الزَّكاةُ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن أدَّى زَكاةَ مالِه فلا جُناحَ عَلَيه ألا يَتَصَدَّقَ (^٥).\nوقَد مَضَت سائرُ الآثارِ في هَذا المَعنَى في أوَّلِ كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^٦)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1682>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهىِ عن الحَصَادِ والجَدادِ (^٧) باللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٧٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ محبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"إسرائيل\".\n(^٢) ليست في: الأصل.\n(^٣) الضغث: هو كلّ شئ جمعته وحزمته. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١٨٠.\nوالأثر عند يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٠٧)، ومن طريقه أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٠٨، ٦٠٩. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣٣ من طريق شريك بنحوه.\n(^٤) ينظر الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٤٠٦)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٧٤)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٩/ ٦١٠.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٩٣٠ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٣٠) عن أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم في (٧٣٠٣ - ٧٣٣٥).\n(^٧) الجداد، بالفتح والكسر: صِرام النخل، وهو قطع ثمرها. النهاية ١/ ٢٤٤.","vol":"8","page":179},{"text":"أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الموسَويُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ يَحيَى المَرَئىُّ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن جَعفَرِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الجَدادِ باللَّيلِ والحَصادِ باللَّيلِ. قال جَعفَرٌ: أُراه مِن أجلِ المَساكينِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن جَعفَرٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1683>بابٌ: لَن يَهلِكَ على اللَّهِ إلَّا هالِكٌ</span>\n\n٧٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن عُبَيدِ ابنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"بَينَما رَجُلٌ بفَلاة إذْ سمِعَ رَعدًا في سَحاب، فسَمِعَ فيه كَلامًا: اسقِ حَديقَةَ فُلانٍ. باسمِه، فجاءَ ذَلِكَ السَّحابُ إلَى حَرَّةٍ (^٣)، فأَفرَغَ ما فيه مِنَ الماءِ، ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَى ذِنابِ شَرْجٍ (^٤)، فانتَهَى إلَى شَرْجَةٍ فاستَوعَبَتِ الماءَ، ومَشَى الرَّجُلُ مَعَ السَّحابَةِ حَتى انتَهَى إلَى رَجُلٍ قائمٍ في\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"المرائى\"، وكتب في حاشيتها: \"بخطه: المرادى\"، وفى س \"المرادى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٠٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٢٣)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١٢٧) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به. وسيأتى في (١٩٢٢٧، ١٩٢٢٨).\n(^٣) الحرة: كل أرض ذات حجارة سود بين جبلين. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٧.\n(^٤) الشَّرْجة: مسيل الماء من الحرة إلى السهل، والشرج جنس لها. والذناب من كلّ شئ: عقبه ومؤخره. النهاية ٢/ ٤٢٣، والتاج ٢/ ٤٣٩ (ذ ن ب).","vol":"8","page":180},{"text":"حَديقَتِه يَسقِيها فقالَ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ ما اسمُكَ؟ قال: ولِمَ تَسأَلُ؟ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ في سَحابٍ هَذا ماؤُه: اسقِ حَديقَةَ فُلانٍ. باسمِكَ، فما تَصنَعُ فيها إذَا صَرَمتَها؟ قال: أمّا إذْ قُلتَ ذَلِكَ، فإِنِّى أجعَلُها ثَلاثَةَ أثلاثٍ؛ أجعَلُ ثُلُثًا لِى ولأهلِي، وأَرُدُّ ثُلُثًا فيها، وأَجعَلُ ثُلُثًا في المَساكينِ والسّائلينَ وابنِ السَّبيلِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ ابنِ عبدَةَ الضَبِّىِّ عن أبى داودَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٣٤٠٦)، والطيالسى (٢٧١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٤١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٥) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٨٤/ ٠٠٠).","vol":"8","page":181},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1684>جِماعُ أبواب صَدَقَةِ الوَرِقِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1685>بابُ نِصابِ الَوَرِقِ</span>\n\n٧٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ ابنِ أبى حَسَنٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ صَدَقَة، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ صَدَقَةٌ\". قال سُفيانُ: والأوقيَّةُ أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا (^١).\n\n٧٥٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ قال: سأَلتُ عمرَو ابنَ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ أبى حَسَنٍ المازِنِيُّ، فحَدَّثَنِى عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه. زادَ: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٢). ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ سُفيانَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النَّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٣)، ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ (^٤) وابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٥) ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (^٦) وسُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ (^٧) وشُعبَةُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٢٤).\n(^٢) الحميدى (٧٣٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٩/ ١).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٣٢٥١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٥٢٣).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٧٣٢٥، ٧٤١٢، ٧٤٩٦).\n(^٧) تقدم في (٧٤١٢، ٧٤٩٦).","vol":"8","page":182},{"text":"الحَجّاجِ (^١)، وغَيرُهُم عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَي، ورَواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ وعُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ وغَيرُهُما عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى صَعصَعَةَ المازِنِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَودٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمرِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٥٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى أُسامَةَ: أحَدَّثَكُمُ الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ المَخزومِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبى صَعصَعَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن (^٥) عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقُولُ: \"لَيسَ في أقَلَّ مِن خَمسَةِ أوساقٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٠٥)، والترمذى (٦٢٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٧١)، ومسلم (٩٧٩/ ٤، ٥)، والنسائى (٢٤٨٢) من طريق محمد بن يحيى بن حبان. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠٢) من طريق عمارة بن غزية به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٤/ ١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤٥٩).\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ، وفى المهذب للذهبى ٣/ ١٤٩١: \"و\".","vol":"8","page":183},{"text":"التَّمرِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ في أقَلَّ مِن خَمسِ أواقٍ مِنَ الوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ، ولَيسَ في أقَلَّ مِن خَمسِ ذَودٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١)؟ فأَقَرَّ به أبو أُسامَةَ وقالَ: نَعَم.\nأخبرَنا أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: هذه الطُّرُقُ مَحفوظَةٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وصارَ الحَديثُ عنه عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن أبى سعيدٍ عن أبيه، ويَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، وعَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1686>بابُ تَفسيِر الأُوقيَّةِ</span>\n\n٧٥٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الصَّقرِ بنِ نَصرٍ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبر اهيمَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: كَم كان صَداقُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: كان صَداقُه لأزواجِه اثنا عَشَرَ أوقيَّةً ونَشٌّ. قالَت: أتَدرِى ما النَّشُّ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قالَت: نِصفُ أوقيَّةٍ، فتِلكَ خَمسُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فهَذا صَداقُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لأزواجِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٢٤٧٤)، وابن ماجه (١٧٩٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (١١٨١٩) من طريق ابن أبى صعصعة به.\n(^٢) في م: \"النضر\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٥٣٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٠٥)، والنسانى (٣٣٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٦) من طريق الدراوردى. وسيأتى في (١٤٤٦٠).","vol":"8","page":184},{"text":"إبراهيمَ وابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن الدَّراوَردِىِّ (^١)، وفيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ الأوقيَّةَ أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا وأنَّ خَمسَ أواقٍ مِائَتا دِرهَمٍ.\n\n٧٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَدَقَةَ في الرِّقَةِ حَتى تَبْلُغَ مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1687>بابُ قَدرِ الواجِبِ في الوَرِقِ إذا بَلَغَ نِصابًا</span>\n\n٧٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبى: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنِي ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، أنَّ أنَسًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- كَتَبَ هَذا الكِتابَ لَمّا وجَّهَه إلَى البحرَينِ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذه فرائضُ الصَّدَقَةِ التى فرَضَ اللَّهُ على المُسلِمينَ التى أمَرَ اللَّهُ بها رسولَه -ﷺ-، فمَن سُئلَها مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على وجهِها فليُعطِها ومَن سُئلَ فوقَها فلا يُعطِ. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى آخِرِه وفيه: \"وفِى الرِّقَةِ رُبُعُ العُشْرِ، فإِذا لَم يَكنْ مالٌ (^٣) إلَّا تِسعينَ ومِائَةً فلَيسَ فيها صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ رَبُّها\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٢٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٣) ليست في: ص ٣، م.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٢٦).","vol":"8","page":185},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ (^١).\n\n٧٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"عَفَوتُ عن الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ، هاتوا صَدَقَةَ الرِّقَةِ عن (^٢) كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، ولَيسَ في تِسعينَ ومِائَةٍ شَئٌ، فإذا بَلَغَت مِائَتَينِ ففيها خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1688>بابُ وُجوبِ رُبعِ العُشرِ في نِصابِها وفيما زادَ عَلَيه وإن قَلَّتْ الزِّيادَةُ</span>\n\n٧٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي النُّفَيلِيُّ أبو جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، وعن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال زُهَيرٌ: أحسِبُه عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هاتوا رُبُعَ العُشرِ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، ولَكِن لَيسَ عَلَيكُم شَيءٌ حَتَّى تَتِمَّ مِائتَا دِرهَمٍ، فإِذا كانَت مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ ففيها خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ، فما زادَ فعَلَى حِسابِ ذَلِكَ\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ في\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٤٥٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"على\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤٧٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وتقدم في (٧٣٤٧، ٧٣٧٠، ٧٤٦٧، ٧٤٦٨).","vol":"8","page":186},{"text":"\"السنن\" عن النُّفَيلِىِّ (^١).\n\n٧٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: ما زادَ على المِائَتَينِ فبالحِسابِ (^٢).\n\n٧٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفاءُ البَغدَادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ ميناءَ قالونُ، قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ أنَّ أباه قال: مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، وأبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ في مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم، ورُبَّما اختَلَفوا في الشَّئِ فأَخَذَنا بقَولِ أكثَرِهِم وأَفضلِهِم رأيًا. فذَكَرَ أحكامًا، قال: وكانوا يَقولونَ: لا صَدَقَةَ في تَمرٍ ولا حَبٍّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ خَرصُ التَّمرِ أو مَكيلَةُ الحَبِّ خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ بصاعِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وكانوا لا يَرَونَ الزَّكاةَ في شَيءٍ مِنَ الفَواكِهِ إلَّا في العِنَبِ إذا بَلَغَ خَرصُه خَمسَةَ أوسُقٍ بصاعِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، وكانوا يَرَونَ في كُلِّ نَيِّفٍ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ والتَّمرِ والحَبِّ والعِنَبِ صَدَقَةً، ولَو زادَ مُدًّا أو أكثَرَ أو أقَلَّ، ولَم يَكونوا يَرَونَ في نَيِّفِ الماشيَةِ صَدَقَةَ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٧٢).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٧٠٧٥).","vol":"8","page":187},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّه قال: ما زادَ، يَعنِي على المائَتَينِ فبِالحِسابِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1689>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى روىَ في وقصِ الوَرِقِ</span>\n\n٧٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي المِنهالُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ نَجيحٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَه حينَ وجَّهَه إلَى اليَمَنِ ألا يأخُذَ مِنَ الكُسورِ شَيئًا. إذا كانَتِ الوَرِقُ مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ أَخَذَ مِنها خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ، ولا يأخُذَ مِمّا زادَ شَيئًا حَتَّى تَبلُغَ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا فيأخُذَ مِنها دِرهَمًا (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ عَقِيبَ هَذا الحديثِ: المِنهالُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ مَتروكُ الحديثِ، وهو أبو العَطوفِ واسمُه الجَرّاحُ بنُ المِنهالٍ (^٣)، وكانَ ابنُ إسحاقَ يَقلِبُ اسمَه إذا رَوَى عنه، وعُبادَةُ ابنُ نُسَىٍّ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن مُعاذٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: مِثلُ هَذا لَو صَحَّ لَقُلنا به ولَم نُخالِفْه، إلَّا أنَّ إسنادَه ضَعيفٌ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٠٨٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٩٣ من طريق يونس بن بكير به.\n(^٣) الجراح بن المنهال: قال أحمد: تركه شعبة على عمد، وقال يحيى: ثقة. ينظر الكلام عليه في الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ١/ ٣٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ص ١٦٣، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ١٢٨.","vol":"8","page":188},{"text":"جِدًّا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1690>بابُ ما يَحرُمُ على صاحِبِ المالِ مِن أن يُعطِىَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن شَرِّ مالِهِ</span>\n\n٧٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن لَونَينِ مِنَ التَّمرِ الجُعْرورِ (^١)، ولَونِ الحُبَيقِ (^٢)، وكانَ ناسٌ يَتَيَمَّمونَ شِرارَ ثِمارِهِم فيُخرِجونَها في الصَّدَقَةِ، فنُهوا عن لَونَينِ مِنَ التَّمرِ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ٢٦٧]. أسنَدَه أبو الوَليدِ، وأَرسَلَه مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ كَثيرٍ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٦٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الجعرور: ضرب من ردئ التمر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) الحبيق: لون ردئ من ألوان التمر. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧٦. وأخرجه أبو داود عقب (١٦٠٧) عن أبى الوليد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٣١ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم وسليمان بن كثير به.","vol":"8","page":189},{"text":"الخُلْدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بنُ العَوَّامِ، عن سُفيانَ بن حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبيه قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ بصَدَقَةٍ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن هَذا السُّحَّلِ (^١) بكَبائسَ (^٢). قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى الشِّيصَ (^٣). فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن جاءَ بهَذا؟ \". وكانَ لا يَجِئُ أحَدٌ بشَئٍ إلَّا نُسِبَ إلَى الَّذِى جاءَ به، ونَزَلَت: ﴿وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ﴾. قال: ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الجُعرورِ ولَونِ الحُبَيقِ أن يُؤخَذا في الصَّدَقَةِ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: لَونانِ مِن تَمرِ المَدينَةِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِيَّ (^٥).\n\n٧٦٠١ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"السخل\" بالخاء، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"السُّخَّل الضعفاء من الرجال، لا واحد، له وأهل المدينة يسمون الشيص من التمر السخَّل\".\nوالسحل بالحاء المهملة، ويروى بالمعجمة: الرطب الذي لم يتم إدراكه وقوته. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٨، والتاج ٢٩/ ١٩٣ (س خ ل).\n(^٢) كبائس: جمع كِباسَة وهو العذق التام بشماريخه ورطبه. النهاية ٤/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) الشيص: أردأ التمر. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١١٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٠٧) مختصرًا، وابن خزيمة (٢٣١٣) عن سعيد بن سليمان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٢ من طريق محمد بن أبى حفصة به.","vol":"8","page":190},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِي صالِحُ بنُ أبى عَرِيبٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه عَصًا، فإِذا أقناءٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ قِنوٌ مِنها حَشَفٌ (^١)، فطَعَنَ في ذَلِكَ القِنو وقالَ: \"ما ضَرَّ صاحِبَ هذه لَو تَصَدَّقَ بأَطيَبَ مِن هَذِهِ؟ إنَّ صاحِبَ هذه لَيأكُلُ الحَشفَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"واللَّهِ لَتَدَعُنَّها مُذَلَّلَةً أربَعينَ عامًا لِلعَوافِى\". ثُمَّ قال: \"أتَدرونَ ما العَوافِى؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ووسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"الطَّيرُ والسِّباعُ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدَىِّ، عن أبى مالكٍ، عن البَراءِ قال: كانَتِ الأنصارُ يُعطونُ في الزَّكاةِ الشَّئَ الدّونَ مِنَ التَّمرِ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٧] قال: فالدّونُ هو الخَبيثُ، ولَو كان لَكَ على إنسانٍ شَئٌ فأَعطاكَ شَيئًا دونًا، فقَد نَقَصَكَ بَعضَ حَقِّكَ، فإِذا قَبِلتَه فهو الإِغماضُ (^٣) (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحشف: التمر اليابس الردئ. الفائق ١/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٥، وسقط من أول إسناده إلى أبى عاصم النبيل. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٧٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٠٨)، والنسائى (٢٤٩٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢١) من طريق عبد الحميد به، وعند أبى داود وابن ماجه والنسائى بذكر الشاهد. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٩).\n(^٣) الإغماض: المسامحة والمساهلة. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٩٨٧) من طريق السدى به. وقال: حسن غريب صحيح.","vol":"8","page":191},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1691>بابُ ما ورَدَ في إرضاءِ المُصَدِّقِ</span>\n\n٧٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سُفيانُ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أتاكُمْ المُصَدِّقُ فلا يُفارِقُكُم إلَّا عن رِضًا\". قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعنِي، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، أن يوَفُّوه طائعينَ ولا يَلوُوه، لا أن يُعطُوه مِن أموالِهِم ما لَيسَ عَلَيهِم، فبِهَذا [نأمُرُهُم ونأمُرُ] (^١) المُصَدِّقَ (^٢).\nوهَذا الَّذِى قالَه الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مُحتَمِلٌ، لَولا ما في رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هِلالٍ العَبسِيِّ مِنَ الزِّيادَةِ:\n\n٧٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ قال: (ح) وحَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الزَحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ -وهَذا حَديثُ أبى كامِلٍ- عن محمدِ بنِ أبى (^٣) إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ هِلالٍ العَبسِيُّ، عن جَريرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: جاءَ ناسٌ -يَعنِى مِنَ الأعرابِ- إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا:\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٣، م: \"يأمرهم وبأمر\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٣٤٧)، والشَّافِعِي ٢/ ٥٨. وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٤٨) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٩١٨٧)، ومسلم ٢/ ٧٥٧ (٩٨٩/ ١٧٧)، والنسائى (٢٤٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤١) من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٣. ينظر لسان الميزان ٥/ ٨٣.","vol":"8","page":192},{"text":"إنَّ ناسًا مِنَ المُصَدِّقينَ يأتونا فيَظلِمونا. قال: \"أَرضُوا مُصَدِّقيكُم\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ وإِن ظَلَمونا؟ قال: \"أَرْضُوا مُصَدِّقِيكُم\". زادَ عثمانُ: \"وإن ظُلِمتُم\". وقالَ أبو كامِلٍ في حَديثِه: قال جَريرٌ: ما صَدَرَ عَنِّى مُصَدِّقٌ بَعدَ ما سَمِعتُ هَذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا وهو عَنِّى راضٍ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ وعن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحيمِ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَيَّنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى عُثمانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أتاكَ (^٣) المُصَدِّقُ فأَعطِهِ صَدَقَتَكَ، فإِنِ اعتَدَى عَلَيكَ فوَلِّهِ ظَهرَه ولا تَلعَنْه، وقُل: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أحتَسِبُ عِندَكَ ما أَخَذَ مِنِّى\" (^٤).\nوفِى هَذا كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّه رأَى الصبرَ على تَعَدِّيهِم، وكَذَلِكَ في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"خَلّوا بَينَهُم وبَينَ ما يَبْتَغونَ (^٥)، فإِنَ عَدَلوا فلأنفُسِهِم، وإن ظَلَموا فعَلَيها\". وقَد مَضَى في بابِ الاختِيارِ في دَفعِ الصَّدَقَةِ إلَى الوالِى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٥٨٩). وتقدم في (٧٤٥٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"أتى\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أتاكم\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٤٥٧).\n(^٥) في س: \"يشتهون\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٧٤٥٤).","vol":"8","page":193},{"text":"وقَد روىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ في الصَّبرِ على ظُلمِ الوُلاةِ، وذَلِكَ مَحمولٌ على أنَّه أمَرَ بالصَّبرِ عَلَيه إذا عَلِمَ أنَّه لا يَلحَقُه غَوثٌ، وأَنَّ مَن ولَّاه لا يَقبِضُ على يَدَيه، فإِذا كان يُمكِنُه الدَّفعُ أو كان يَرجو غَوثًا:\n\n٧٦٠٦ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عَمرٍو الرَّقِّيُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن القاسِمِ ابنِ عَوفٍ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ سلمةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بَينَما هو في بَيتِها وعِندَه رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِه يَتَحَدَّثونَ، إذْ جاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَم صَدَقَةُ كَذا وكَذا مِنَ التَّمرِ؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَذا وكَذا\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: إنَّ فُلانًا تَعَدَّى علىَّ؛ فأَخَذَ مِنِّى كَذا وكَذا فازدادَ صاعًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فكَيفَ إذا سَعَى عَلَيكُم مَن يَتَعَدَّى عَلَيكُم أشَدَّ مِن هَذا التَّعَدِّى\". فخاضَ النَّاسُ، وبُهِرَ الحَديثُ (^١) حَتَّى قال رَجُلٌ مِنهُم: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إن كان رَجُلًا غائبًا عَنكَ في إبِلِه وماشيَتِه وزَرعِه، فأَدَّى زَكاةَ مالِه فتَعَدَّى عَلَيه الحَقَّ، فكَيفَ يَصنَعُ وهو غائبٌ عَنكَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أدَّى زَكاةَ مالِه طيِّبَ (^٢) النَّفسِ بها يُريدُ به وجهَ اللهِ والدَّارَ الآخِرَةَ لَم يُغَيِّبْ شَيئًا مِن مالِه وأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ، فتعَدَّى عَلَيه الحَقَّ، فأَخَذَ سِلاحَه فقاتَلَ فقُتِلَ فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"بَهَز الحديث\"، وبهر الحديث: أى انتشر وظهر، من البَهْر، وهو الإضاءة، ويقال: تبهرت السحابة، إذا أضاءت. ينظر: تاج العروس ١٠/ ٢٦٠ - ٢٧١ (ب هـ ر).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: طيبة\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٥. وفيه: يزيد. بدلا من: زيد. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٦) من طريق عمرو بن =","vol":"8","page":194},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1692>بابُ زَكَاةِ الذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٧٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجوَينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أنَّ أبا صالِحٍ ذَكوانَ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ ولا فِضَّة لا يؤَدِّى مِنها حَقَّها إلَّا إذا كان يَومَ القيامَةِ صُفِحَت له صَفائحُ مِن نارٍ، فأُحمِىَ عَلَيها في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ فيُكوَى بها جَنبُه وجَبيُنه وظَهرُه، كلَّما زدَّت (^٢) أعيدَت له، في يَومٍ كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنةٍ، حَتَّى يقضَى بَينَ العِبادِ، فيُرَى سَبيلَه؛ إمّا إلَى جَنَّةٍ، وإمّا إلَى نارٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1693>بابُ نِصابِ الذَّهَبِ وقَدرِ الواجِبِ فيه إذا حالَ عَلَيه الحَولُ</span>\n\n٧٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n= خالد، وعنده: عبد الله بن عمرو. بدلًا من: عبيد الله. وأحمد (٢٦٥٧٤) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٣١٩٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٩٥: هو غريب جدًّا، ولم يخرجوه، والقاسم تكلم فيه، لكن روى له مسلم.\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"سويد\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله: بَرُدتْ\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤٩٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٤).\n(^٥) سيأتى في (٧٨٦٣).","vol":"8","page":195},{"text":"القاضِى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ وسَمَّى آخَرَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ والحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"هاتوا لِى رُبُعَ العُشورِ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، ولَيسَ عَلَيكَ شَيءٌ حَتَّى يَكونَ لَكَ مِائَتا دِرهَمٍ، فإِذا كانَت لَكَ مِائَتا دِرهَمٍ وحالَ عَلَيها الحَول ففيها خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ، ولَيسَ عَلَيكَ شَيءٌ حَتَّى يَكونَ لَكَ عِشرونَ دينارًا، فإِذا كانَت لَكَ وحالَ عَلَيها الحَول ففيها نِصفُ دينارٍ، فما زادَ فبِحِسابِ ذَلِكَ\". قالَ: ولا أدرِى أعَلِيٌّ -﵁- يقولُ: بحِسابِ ذَلِكَ. أم رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ إلَّا أنَّ جَريرًا قال في الحديثِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"ولَيسَ في مالٍ زَكاةٌ حَتَّى يَحولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ بَحرِ بنِ نَصرٍ، وزادَ في إسنادِه: عن ابنِ وهب عن الحارِثِ بنِ نَبهانَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1694>بابُ مَن قال: لا زَكاةَ في الحُلِىِّ</span>\n\n٧٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الهروى\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٧٣). وتقدم في (٧٣٤٩) عن أبى زكريا وأبي بكر.","vol":"8","page":196},{"text":"مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كانَت تَلِى بَناتِ أخيها (^١) يَتامَى في حَجرِها لَهُنَّ الحُلِىُّ، فلا تُخرِجُ مِنه الزَّكاةَ (^٢). وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ قال: عن عائشةَ أنَّها كانَت.\n\n٧٦١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان يُحَلِّى بَناتِه وجَواريَه الذَّهَبَ، فلا يُخرِجُ مِنه الزَّكاةَ (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ قال: عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان. وقالَ: ثُمَّ لا يُخرِجُ مِنه الزكاةَ.\n\n٧٦١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، وغَيرُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أختها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥١)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤١، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٥٠.","vol":"8","page":197},{"text":"واحِدٍ أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ في الحُلِىِّ زَكاةٌ (^١).\n\n٧٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُحَلِّى بَناتِه بأَربَعِمِائَةِ دينارٍ، فلا يُخرِجُ زَكاتَه (^٢).\n\n٧٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا يَسأَلُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عن الحُلِىِّ: أفيه الزَّكاةُ؟ فقالَ جابِرٌ: لا. فقالَ: وإِن كان يَبلُغُ ألفَ دينارٍ؟ فقالَ جابِرٌ: كَثيرٌ (^٣).\n\n٧٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِب، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في الحُلِىِّ، قال: إذا كان يُعارُ ويُلبَسُ فإِنَه يُزَكَى مَرَّةً واحِدَةً (^٤).\n\n٧٦١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٨٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٤٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٦٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٩ من طريق يحيى بن أبى طالب به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في مصنفه (٧٠٤٦) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٦) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه يحيى بن معين في فوائده (١٠٥) عن عبدة به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٥٢) من طريق سعيد به مختصرًا.","vol":"8","page":198},{"text":"حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى رَجاءٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ سُلَيمٍ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن الحُلِىِّ، فقالَ: لَيسَ فيه زَكاةٌ (^١).\n\n٧٦١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى رَجاءٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ ابنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ أنَّها كانَت تُحَلِّى بَناتِها الذَّهَبَ ولا تُزَكّيه نَحوًا مِن خَمسينَ ألفًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1695>بابُ مَن قال: في الحُلِىِّ زَكاةٌ</span>\n\n٧٦١٧ - رَوَى مُساورٌ الوَرّاقُ، عن شُعَيبٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أبى موسَى: أن مُرْ مَن قِبَلَكَ مِن نِساءِ المُسلِمينَ أن يُصدِّقْنَ (^٣) حُليَّهُنَّ.\nوذَلِكَ فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ، عن مُساورٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ؛ شُعَيبُ بنُ يَسارٍ لَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ.\n\n٧٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٥)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٥٥)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٧١) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣: \"من\".\n(^٤) مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٥١).","vol":"8","page":199},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ قال: قال لِى زَكَريّا: حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا مُساورٌ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ: أن يُزَكَّى الحُلِىُّ. قالَ البخارىُّ: مُرسَلٌ (^١).\n\n٧٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرٍو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: لا بأسَ بلُبسِ الحُلِى إذا أُعطىَ زَكاتُه (^٢).\n\n٧٦٢٠ - وعن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه كان يَكتُبُ إلَى خازِنِه سالِمٍ: أن يُخرِجَ زَكاةَ حُلِىِّ بَناتِه كُلَّ سنةٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّ امرأَةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ سأَلَت عن حُلِىٍّ لَها، فقالَ: إذا بَلَغَ مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ ففيه الزَّكاةُ. قالَت: أضَعُها في بَنِى أخٍ لِى في حَجرِى؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢١٧.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٧.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٥٧) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٥٦)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":200},{"text":"وقَد روىَ هَذا مَرفوعًا إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ولَيسَ بشَيءٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1696>بابُ سياقِ أخبارٍ ورَدَت في زَكاةِ الحُلِىِّ</span>\n\n٧٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ أخبَرَه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ قال: دَخَلنا على عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرأَى في يَدِى سِخابًا (^٢) مِن ورِقٍ فقالَ: \"ما هَذا يا عائشَةُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: صَنَعتُهُنَّ أتَزَيَّنُ لَكَ فيهِنَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"اُتُؤَدّينَ زَكاتَهُنَّ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا. أو ما شاءَ اللهُ مِن ذَلِكَ، قال: \"هِىَ حَسبُكِ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ أبو نَشيطٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ محمدَ ابنَ عَطاءٍ أخبَرَه، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فَتَخَاتٍ (^٤) مِن وَرِقٍ. قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٨ من حديث ابن مسعود مرفوعًا.\n(^٢) السخاب: هو خيط ينظم فيه خرز ويلبسه الصبيان والجوارى. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٥٢)، والمعرفة (٢٣٦١)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٨٩، ٣٩٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٦٥) عن أبى حاتم الرازى به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٤).\n(^٤) فتخات: جمع فتخة، وهى خواتيم كبار تلبس في الأيدى، وربما وضعت في أصابع الأرجل. =","vol":"8","page":201},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عَطاءٍ هَذا مَجهول (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو محمدُ بنُ عَمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، وهو مَعروفٌ.\n\n٧٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ وحُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، المَعنَى، أنَّ خالِدَ بنَ الحارِثِ حَذَثَهُم، حدثنا حُسَين، عن عَمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّ امرأَةً أتَتْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ومَعَها ابنَة لَها وفِى يَدِ ابنَتِها مَسَكَتانِ (^٢) غَليظَتانِ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فقالَ لَها: \"أتُعطِينَ زَكاةَ هَذا؟ \". قالَت: لا. قال: \"أيَسُرُّكِ أن يُسَوِّرَكِ اللهُ بهِما يَومَ القيامَةِ سوارَينِ مِن نارٍ؟ \". قال: فخَطَفَتهُما (^٣) فأَلقَتهُما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وقالَت: هُما للهِ ﷿ ولِرسولِهِ (^٤).\nوَهَذا يَتَفَرَّدُ به عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ.\n\n٧٦٢٥ - وقَد مَضَى حَديثُ ثابِتِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ قالَت: كُنتُ ألبَسُ أوضاحًا مِن ذَهَبٍ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أكَنزٌ هوَ؟ فقالَ:\n_________\n= وقيل: هى خواتيم لا فصوص لها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤٥، والنهاية ٣/ ٤٠٨.\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦.\n(^٢) المسكة بالتحريك: السوار من الذبل، وهى قرون الأوعال، وقيل: جلود دابة بحرية. النهاية ٤/ ٣٣١.\n(^٣) في س: \"فحتفتهما\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فخلعتهما\". وفي سنن أبى داود: \"فخلعتهما\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٥٦٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٤٧٨) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به. وأحمد (٦٦٦٧)، والترمذى (٦٣٧) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وصححه ابن القطان. بيان الوهم والإيهام ٥/ ٣٦٦.","vol":"8","page":202},{"text":"\"ما بَلَغَ أن تُؤَدَّى زَكاتُه فزُكِّىَ، فلَيسَ بكَنزٍ\" (^١). أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عَتّابٌ، عن ثابِتٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا يَتَفَرَّدُ به ثابِتُ بنُ عَجلانَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1697>بابُ مَن قال: زَكاةُ الحُلِىِّ عاريَّتُه</span>\n\n٧٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا كامِلُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن حَبيبٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: زَكاةُ الحُلِىِّ عاريَّتُه.\n\n٧٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ، في زَكاةِ الحُلِىِّ قال: يُعارُ ويُلبَسُ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن الشَّعبِىِّ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣١٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٥١)، والمعرفة (٢٣٦٠)، وأبو داود (١٥٦٤). وحسن المرفوع منه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٣٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٧٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٠٤٥)، والأموال لأبى عبيد (١٢٨٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٧٦).","vol":"8","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1698>بابُ مَن قال: زَكاةُ الحُلِىِّ إنَّما وجَبَت في الوَقتِ الَّذِى كان الحُلِىُّ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ حَرامًا، فلَمّا صارَ مُباحًا لِلنِّساءِ سَقَطَت زَكاتُه بالاستِعمالِ، كما تَسقُطُ زَكاةُ الماشيَةِ بالاستِعمالِ</span>\nإلَى هَذا ذَهَبَ كَثيرٌ مِن أصحابِنا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1699>بابُ سياقِ أخبارٍ تَدُل على تَحريمِ التَّحَلِّى بالذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٧٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أَسِيدِ بنِ أبى أَسِيدٍ البَرّادِ (^١)، عن نافِعِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أحَبَّ أن يُحَلِّقَ حَبيبَه حَلْقَةً مِن نارٍ فليُحَلقْه حَلْقَةً مِن ذَهَبٍ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُطَوِّقَ حَبيبَه طَوقًا مِن نارٍ فليُطَوِّقْه طَوقًا مِن ذَهَب، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يُسَوِّرَ حَبيبَه سِوارًا مِن نارٍ فليُسَوِّرْه سِوارًا مِن ذَهَب، ولكن عَلَيكُم بالفِضَّةِ فالعَبوا بها لعِبًا\" (^٢).\n\n٧٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىٍّ، عن امرأتِه، عن أُختِ حُذَيفَةَ قالَت: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءَ\"،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"البزار\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٢٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩١٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وأحمد (٨٤١٦) من طريق أسيد بن أبى أسيد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٦٥).","vol":"8","page":204},{"text":"أما لَكُنَّ في الفِضَّةِ ما تَحَلَّينَ بهِ، أما إنَّه لَيسَ مِنكُن امرأَةٌ تَحَلَّى ذَهَبًا تُطْهِرُه إلَّا عُذِّبَت به\" (^١).\n\n٧٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ عمرٍو، أنَّ أسماءَ بنتَ يَزيدَ حَدَّثَته، أنَّها سَمِعتْ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أيُّما امرأَةٍ تَقَلَّدَت بقِلادَةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ قَلَّدَها اللهُ ﷿ مِثلَها مِنَ النّارِ يَومَ القيامَةِ، وأَيُّما امرأَةٍ جَعَلَت في أُذُنِها خُرْصًا (^٢) مِن ذَهَبٍ جَعَلَ اللهُ في أُذُنِها مِثلَه يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَوٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسىُّ، حدثنا هِشَامٌ (^٤)، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: جاءَتِ ابنَةُ هُبَيرَةَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وفِى يَدِها فتَخٌ مِن دهَبٍ؛ أى خَواتيمُ ضِخامٌ، فجَعَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَضرِبُ يَدَها فأَتَت فاطِمَةَ تَشكو إلَيها. قال ثَوبانُ: فدَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١١)، والنسائى (٥١٥٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٩١٠)، وأبو داود (٤٢٣٧)، والنسائى (٥١٥٣) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) الخُرص: الحلقة الصغيرة من الحلى، كحلقة القرط. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٧٧)، وأبو داود (٤٢٣٨)، والنسائى (٥١٥٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٩١١).\n(^٤) في س: \"همام\". وكذا في الأصل وضبب عليها، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا ص مع التضبيب\"، و\"بخطه من غير تضبيب\"، وكتب في الحاشية: \"هشام صح ح ر\".","vol":"8","page":205},{"text":"على فاطِمَةَ وأَنا مَعَه وقَد أخَذَت مِن عُنُقِها سِلسِلَةً مِن ذَهَبِ فقالَت: هذه أهداها لِى أبو حَسَنٍ. وفِى يَدِها السِّلسِلَةُ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أيسُرُّكِ أن يَقولَ النّاسُ: فاطِمَةُ بنتُ محمدٍ في يَدِها سِلسِلَةٌ مِن نارٍ؟ \". فخَرَجَ ولَم يَقعُدْ، فعَمَدَت فاطِمَةُ إلَى السِّلسِلَةِ فباعَتها، فاشتَرَت به نَسَمَة وأَعتَقَتها، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"الحَمدُ للَّهِ الَّذِى نَجَّى فاطِمَةَ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٦٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِب، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن [زَيدٍ] (^٢) أبى سَلَّامٍ، أنً جَدَّه حَدَّثَه، أن أبا أسماءَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٣).\nفهَذِه الأخبارُ وما ورَدَ في مَعناها تَدُلُّ على تَحريمِ التَّحَلِّى بالذَّهَبِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1700>بابُ سياقِ أخبارٍ تَدُلُّ على إباحَتِه لِلنِّساءِ</span>\n\n٧٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، [عن عُبَيدِ] (^٤) اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٠٨٣)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٨١٢)، والحاكم ٣/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وعند الحاكم في الموضع الثانى: \"همام\". مكان: \"هشام\". وأخرجه النسائى (٥١٥٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) في س: \"يزيد بن\"، وفى م: \"زيد بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٧٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٩٨) من طريق همام به. والنسائى (٥١٥٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) ليس في: س.","vol":"8","page":206},{"text":"هِندٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ -﵁- قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"الحَريرُ والذَّهَبُ حَرامٌ على ذُكورِ أُمَّتِى حِلٌّ لإِناثِهِم\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢) عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٧٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُفَيلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن أبيه عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قَدِمَتْ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حِليَةٌ مِن عِندِ النَّجاشِىِّ أهداها له؛ فيها خاتَمٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ فيه فصٌّ حَبَشِىٌّ (^٣). قالَت. فأَخَذَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعودٍ مُعرِضًا عنه، أو ببَعضِ أصابِعِه، ثُمَّ دَعا أُمامَةَ بنتِ أبى العاصِ بنتَ ابنَتِه زَينَبَ فقالَ: \"تَحَلَّى هَذا يا بُنَيَّةُ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٦٣٥ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ المُزَكِّى وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥١٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والترمذى (١٧٢٠)، والنسائى (٥٢٨٠) من طريق عبيد الله به. وتقدم في (٤٢٧٧، ٦١٨١).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريج حديث على في (٤٢٧٥)، وحديث عبد الله بن عمرو عقب (٤٢٧٦)، وحديث عقبة بن عامر في (٦١٨٢).\n(^٣) قال ابن الأثير: يحتمل أنه أراد من الجزع أو العقيق؛ لأن معدنهما اليمن والحبشة، أو نوعا آخر ينسب إليها. النهاية ١/ ٣٣٠. وفى المفردات لابن البيطار ٢/ ٧ أنه نوع من الزبرجد ببلاد الحبش لونه إلى الخضرة ينقى العين ويجلو البصر.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٢٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٨٠) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وابن ماجه (٣٦٤٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٩٣٩).","vol":"8","page":207},{"text":"حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا (^١) حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ نبَيطٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَلَّى أُمَّها وخالَتَها، وكانَ أبوهُما أبو أُمامَةَ أسعَدُ بنُ زُرارَةَ أوصَى بهِما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فحَلَّاهُما رِعاثًا (^٢) مِن تِبرِ ذَهَبٍ فيه لُؤلُؤٌ. قالَت زَينَبُ: وقَد أدرَكتُ الحُلِىَّ أو بَعضَه (^٣).\n\n٧٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى وعَبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ نبَيطٍ، عن أُمِّها قالَت: كُنتُ في حَجرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنا وأُختاىَ، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُحَلّينا الذهَبَ واللُّؤلُؤَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عُبَيدٍ: فكانَ يُحَلّينا؛ قال ابنُ جَعفَرٍ: رِعاثًا مِن ذَهَبٍ ولُؤلُؤٍ. وقالَ صَفوانُ: يُحَلّينا التِّبرَ واللُّؤلُؤَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو عمرٍو: واحِدُ الرِّعاثِ رَعَثَةٌ ورَعْثَةٌ، وهو القُرطُ (^٤).\nفهَذِه الأخبارُ وما ورَدَ في مَعناها تَدُلُّ على إباحَةِ التَّحَلِّى بالذَّهَبِ لِلنِّساءِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) الرعاث: جمع رعث، وهو القرط. الفائق ٢/ ٦٥.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٨٨ (٧٣٥) من طريق محمد بن عمارة. قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٤٩٩: مرسل.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ١٠٩، ١١٠. وأخرجه ابن منده كما في الإصابة ١٣/ ٤٤٩ من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣٣٩٧) من طريق محمد بن عمارة بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":208},{"text":"واستَدلَلنا بحصولِ الإِجماعِ على إباحَتِه لَهُنَّ على نَسخِ الأخبارِ الدّالَّةِ على تَحريمِه فيهِنَّ خاصَّهً، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1701>بابُ ما ورَدَ فيما يَجوزُ لِلرَّجُلِ أن يَتَحَلَّى به مِن خاتَمِه وحِليَةِ سَيفِه ومُصحَفِه إذا كان مِن فِضَّةٍ</span>\n\n٧٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أُتِىَ بخاتَمٍ مِن دَهَبٍ فجَعَلَه في يَدِه اليُمنَى وجَعَلَ فصه ممّا يَلِى كَفَّه، فاتَّخَذَ النّاسُ خَواتيمَ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فلَمّا رأَى ذَلِكَ نَزَعَه فقالَ: \"لا ألبَسُه أبَدًا\". فاتَّخَذَه مِن وَرِقٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سَهلِ بنِ عثمان (^٣).\n\n٧٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- اتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن ذَهَبٍ، وجَعَلَ فصَّه ممّا يَلِى كَفَّه، فاتَّخَذَ الناسُ فرَمَى به، واتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن وَرِقٍ أو فِضَّةٍ (^٤)، رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٧٠٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٤٩٩) عن طريق سهل بن عثمان بنحوه. وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٢٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٩١/ ...).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٧٧) عن يحيى به.","vol":"8","page":209},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٧٦٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: اتَّخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خاتَمًا مِن ورِقٍ فكانَ في يَدِه، ثُمَّ كان في يَدِ أبى بكرٍ مِن بَعدِه، ثُمَّ كان في يَدِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ كان في يَدِ عثمانَ -﵃- حَتَّى وقَعَ مِنه في بئرِ أريسٍ؛ نَقشُه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يَتَخَتَّمُ في يَسارِه (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَلبَسُ خاتَمَه في يَدِه اليُسرَى (^٥).\nفيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الَّذِى جَعَلَه في يَدِه اليُمنَى ما اتَّخَذَه مِن ذَهَبٍ ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٨٦٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٩١/ ...).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٤٢٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٩١/ ٥٤)، والبخارى (٥٨٧٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٢٧)، ومن طريقه المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٦٢)، والآداب (٧٠٥)، والجامع في الخاتم (٩) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبى رواد به. وحكم عليه الألبانى بالشذوذ في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٠٨).\n(^٥) أخرج أبو داود (٤٢٢٨)، ومن طريقه المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٦٣)، والآداب (٧٠٦)، والجامع في الخاتم (١٠) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"8","page":210},{"text":"طَرَحَه، والَّذِى جَعَلَه في يَسارِه ما اتَّخَذَه مِن ورِقٍ، جَمعًا بَينَ الرِّوايَتَينِ.\n\n٧٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَخَتَمَ بخاتَمِ فِضَّةٍ فلَبِسَه في يَمينِه فصُّه حَبَشِىٌّ، وكانَ يَجعَلُ فصَّه ممّا يَلِى بَطنَ كَفِّه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحالمحظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وعَبّادُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: اتَّخَذَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- خاتَمًا مِن فِضَّةٍ في يَمينِه فيه فصٌّ حَبَشِىٌّ كان يَجعَلُ فصَّه ممّا يلِى كَفَّه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وعَبّادِ بنِ موسَى (^٤)، كَذا قال الزُّهرِىُ.\n\n٧٦٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٦٤٦)، وابن حبان (٦٣٩٤) من طريق إسماعيل به، وليس عند ابن ماجه: بيمينه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٩٤/ ..).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٥٢١٢) من طريق عباد بن موسى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٩٤/ ٦٢).","vol":"8","page":211},{"text":"أنَسٍ قال: كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ خاتَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وأومأَ بيَسارِهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ خَلَّادٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن حَمّادٍ، وقالَ في الحديث: خاتَمُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في هذه. وأَشارَ إلَى الخِنصَرِ مِن يَدِه اليُسرَى (^٢).\n\n٧٦٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان خاتَمُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في هذه. وأَشارَ إلَى خِنصَرِه مِن يَدِه اليُسرَى.\nقال الشيخُ: ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ هَذا أصَحَّ مِن رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن أنَسٍ في الخاتَمِ الَّذِى اتَّخَذَه مِن ورِقٍ؛ فقَد رَوَى الزُّهرِىُّ عن أنَسٍ أنَّه رأَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في يَدِه خاتَمٌ مِن ورِقٍ يَومًا واحِدًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ النّاسَ اصطَنَعوا الخَواتيمَ مِن ورِقٍ ولَبِسوها، فطَرَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خاتَمَه، فطَرَحَ النّاسُ خَواتيمَهُم (^٣).\nويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ ذِكرُ الوَرِقِ في هذه القِصَّةِ وهمًا سَبَقَ إلَيه لِسانُ الزُّهرِىِّ، فحُمِلَ عنه على الوَهمِ، فالَّذِى طَرَحَه هو خاتَمٌ (^٤) مِن ذَهَبٍ، ثُمَّ اتَّخَذَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ خاتَمَه مِن ورِقٍ. ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عُمَرَ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ الَّذِى جَعَلَه في يَمينِه هو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٧٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٩٥/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٣١)، والبخارى (٥٨٦٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٩٣/ ٥٩)، وأبو داود (٤٢٢١)، والنسائى (٥٣٠٦)، وابن حبان (٥٤٩٠) عن طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٤) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"خاتمه\".","vol":"8","page":212},{"text":"خاتَمُه مِن ذَهَبٍ، ثم طَرَحَه، فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ الغَلَطُ في رِوايَةِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أنسٍ وقَعَ من (^١) هَذا، فيَكونَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ إنَّما ذَكَرَ اليَمينَ في الَّذِى جَعَلَه مِن ذَهَبٍ، كما بَيَّنَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، فسَبَقَ لِسانُ الزُّهرِىِّ إلَى الوَرِقِ، ووَقَعَ الوَهْمُ في رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى عن الزُّهرِىِّ ذِكرَ اليَمينَ في الوَرِقِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رَوَى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه ما دَلَّ على صِحَّةِ هَذا الجَمعِ؛ وهو أنَّ الَّذِى جَعَلَه في يَمينِه خاتَمُه مِن ذَهَبٍ، والَّذِى جَعَلَه في يَسارِه خاتَمُه مِن فِضةٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٦٤٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَخَتَمَ خاتَمًا مِن ذَهَبٍ في يَدِه اليُمنَى على خِنصَرِه حَتَّى رَجَعَ إلَى البَيتِ فرَماه فما لَبِسَه، ثم تَخَتَّمَ خاتَمًا مِن ورِقٍ فجَعَلَه في يَسارِهِ، وأَنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ وعُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ [وعَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ] (^٢) وحَسَنًا وحُسَينًا -﵃- كانوا يَتَخَتَّمونَ في يَسارِهِم. قال جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ: كان في خاتَمِ حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ ذِكرُ اللهِ. قال: وكانَ في خاتَمِ أبى: العِزَّةُ للَّهِ جَميعًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٦٥)، والآداب (٧٠٨)، والجامع في الخاتم (١١) وقال: هذه رواية صحيحة لا يشك أهل العلم بالحديث في صحتها. ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ١٨٨ =","vol":"8","page":213},{"text":"٧٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى عباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كانَت قَبيعَةُ سَيفِ (^١) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن فِضَّةٍ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ.\n\n٧٦٤٦ - والحَديثُ مَعلولٌ بما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ قال: كانَت قَبيعَةُ سَيفِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فِضَّةً. قال قَتادَةُ: وما عَلِمتُ (^٣) أحَدًا تابَعَه على ذَلِكَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو المَحفوظُ، وروىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا عن أنَسٍ.\n\n٧٦٤٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ - يَعنِى أبا غَسّانَ\n_________\n= وقال: وهذا وإن كان مرسلا فإسناده صحيح إلى محمد بن على. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٤٧٣ من طريق جعفر بن محمد مختصرًا. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١٠/ ٣٢٧: وهذا مرسل أو معضل.\n(^١) قبيعة السيف: هى التى تكرن على رأس السيف الذى منتهى اليد إليه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٨٣)، والترمذى (١٦٩١)، والنسائى (٥٣٨٩) من طريق جرير به. وضعفه أبو داود عقب (٢٥٨٥)، وقال النسائى في الكبرى كما في التحفة ١/ ٣٠١: وهذا حديث منكر.\n(^٣) في م: \"رأيت\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٨٤). وأخرجه النسائى (٥٣٩٠) من طريق هشام به. وقال أبو داود عقب (٢٥٨٥): أقوى هذه الأحاديث حديث سعيد بن أبى الحسن. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٢/ ١٥٠.","vol":"8","page":214},{"text":"العَنبَرِىَّ- حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ الكاتِبُ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ قَبيعَةَ سَيفِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كانَت مِن فِضَّةٍ (^١).\nورَواه أبو داودَ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢) عن يَحيَى بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٣)، فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٦٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حِميَرٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنِى مَرزوقٌ الصَّيقَلُ قال: صَقَلتُ سَيفَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ذا الفَقارِ فكانَ فيه قَبيعَة مِن فِضةٍ، وبَكرَةٌ في وسَطِه مِن فِضَّةٍ، وحِلَقٌ في قَيدِه (^٤) مِن فِضةٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ تَقَلَّدَ سَيفَ عُمَرَ -﵁- يَومَ قُتِل عثمانُ -﵁- وكانَ مُحَلًّى. قال: قُلتُ: كَم كانَت حِليَتُهُ؟ قال: أربَعَمِائَةٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨١٦.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٣: \"يسار\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٥٨٥) وضعفه.\n(^٤) القيد من السيف: الممدود في أصول الحمائل تمسكه البكرات. التاج ٩/ ٨٤ (ق ى د).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٤٤)، وأبو الشيخ في أخلاق النبي ص ١٤٨ من طريق محمد بن حمير به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠١: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ٤٥ من طريق هارون بن سليمان به.","vol":"8","page":215},{"text":"٧٦٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أُصيبَ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَومَ صِفّينَ فاشتَرَى مُعاويَةُ سَيفَه فبَعَثَ به إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ. قال جوَيريَةُ: فقُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: هو سَيفُ عُمَرَ الَّذِى كانَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: فما كانَت حِليَتُهُ؟ قال: وجَدوا في نَعلِه (^١) أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا (^٢).\n\n٧٦٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ السَّكونِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان سَيفُ الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- مُحَلًّى بفِضَّةٍ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن فروَةَ بنِ أبى المَغْراءِ عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ وزادَ: قال هِشامٌ: وكانَ سَيفُ عُروةَ مُحَلًّى بفِضَّةٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ قال: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ قال: رأَيتُ في بَيتِ القاسِمِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ سَيفًا قَبِيعَتُه مِن فِضَّةٍ فقُلتُ: سَيفُ مَن هَذا؟ قال: سَيفُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) نعل السيف: الحديدة التى في أسفل القراب. الفائق ٤/ ٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٧٧ من طريق المصنف به. وابن عبد البر في الاستيعاب ٣/ ١٠١١ من طريق إبراهيم بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٥٦٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٤/ ٢٥ من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٩٧٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٥٧٢) من طريق أبى العميس المسعودى عن القاسم ولفظه: قال: كان =","vol":"8","page":216},{"text":"٧٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سأَلتُ مالكًا عن تَفضيضِ المَصاحِفِ، فأَخرَجَ إلَينا مُصحَفًا فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى أنَّهُم جَمَعوا القُرآنَ على عَهدِ عثمانَ -﵁-، وأَنَّهُم فضَّضوا المَصاحِفَ على هَذا أو نَحوهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1702>بابُ مَن تَوَرَّعَ عن التَّحَلِّى بالفِضَّةِ ورأَى حِليَةَ السَّيفِ مِنَ الكُنوزِ</span>\n\n٧٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنوخِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ قال. سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: واللَّهِ لَقَد فتَحَ الفُتوحَ قَومٌ ما كان حِليَةُ سُيوفِهِمُ الذَّهَبَ والفِضةَ، إثَّما كان حِليَةُ سُيوفِهِمُ العَلابِىَّ والآنُكَ (^٢) والحَديدَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ\n_________\n= سيف عبد الله محلى.\n(^١) ذكره البغوى في شرح السنة ٤/ ٥٢٩ عن الوليد بن مسلم به. والمصنف في الآداب (٧١٤) عن مالك به.\n(^٢) العلابى: جمع العلباء، وهو عصب في العنق إلى الكاهل، وهما عباوان يمينا وشمالًا، وما بينهما منبت عرف الفرس، وكانت العرب تشد على أجفان سيوفها العلابى الرطبة فتجف عليها، وتشد الرماح بها إذا تصدعت فتيبس وتقوى. والآنك: الرصاص الأبيض، وقيل: الأسود. وقيل: هو الخالص منه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٧٧، ٣/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٠٧) من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"8","page":217},{"text":"المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^١).\n\n٧٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنِى بَقيَّهُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ قال: رأَيتُ رَجُلًا يَسأَلُ أبا أُمامَةَ: أرأَيتَ حِليَةَ السُّيوفِ أمِنَ الكُنوزِ هِىَ؟ قال أبو أُمامَةَ: نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال: أما إنِّى ما حَدَّثتُكُم إلَّا بما سَمِعتُ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُكوَى بكَنزِه حَتَّى بنَعلِ سَيفِه. هَكَذا ذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا.\n\n٧٦٥٧ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجيبٍ العابِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ العَبْدِىُّ إملاءً] (^٣) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ البَزّازُ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا مِسكينُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٩٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٧٥٣٨)، وفي مسند الشاميين (٨٢٨) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"مضروب عليه في أصل المصنف\".","vol":"8","page":218},{"text":"أبى المُجيبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ أبا ذَرٍّ -﵁- نَظَرَ إلَى أبى هريرةَ وعَلَيه سَيفٌ مُحَلًّى بفِضَّةٍ فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن أحَدٍ يَدَعُ صَفراءَ أو بَيضاءَ (^١) إلَّا كُوىَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قال: فطَرَحَه. كَذا قالَه مِسكينٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو عَونٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مُجيبٍ قال: كان نَعلُ سَيفِ أبى هريرةَ مِن فِضَّةٍ فنَهاه عَنها أبو ذَرٍّ، وقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن تَرَكَ بَيضاءَ أو صَفراءَ كُوىَ بهِما\" (^٣). كَذا قالَه عثمانُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ عن شُعبَةَ.\nورَواه ابنُ أبى عَدِيٍّ عن شُعبَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٤).\nوقالَ أبو داودَ: عن شُعبَةَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ فُلانٍ. أو: فُلانِ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الصفراء والبيضاء: الذهب والفضة. النهاية ١/ ١٧٢، ٣/ ٣٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٩، ٦٠ عن محمد بن إبراهيم البوشنجى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦٠ عن عبدان به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٣: أبو مجيب لا يعرف، وكذلك شيخ شعبة.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦٠، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٤٢٨ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن أبى عدى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦٠ من طريق أبى داود به. وأحمد (٢١٤٨٠) من طريق شعبة به، وفيه: فلان بن عبد الواحد.","vol":"8","page":219},{"text":"وقالَ مُعاذٌ: عن شُعبَةَ عن ابنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ (^١). قال البخارىُّ (^٢): فيه نَظَرٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1703>بابُ تَحريمِ تَحَلِّى الرِّجالِ بالذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n٧٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن خاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى في هَذا حَديثُ علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ والبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^٥) والمِقدامِ بنِ مَعدِيكَرِبَ -﵃- (^٦).\n\n٧٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا صَفوانُ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثورِىُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ يَعلَى الطّائفِىِّ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤٢٧، ٤٢٨، وذكره البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦٠ من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٦٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٥٢) عن حجاج بن محمد به. والنسائى (٥٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (٥٤٨٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٨٦٤)، ومسلم (٢٠٨٩/ ...).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجهما في (٩٩، ١٠٠، ١٠٤).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٦١٧٧).","vol":"8","page":220},{"text":"أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وفِي إصبَعِى خاتَمٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ فقالَ: \"تُؤَدِّى زَكاةَ هَذا؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وهَل في ذا زَكاةٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، جَمرَةٌ عَظيمَةٌ\" (^١). قال الوَليدُ: فقُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: كَيفَ تُؤَدِّى زَكاةَ خاتَمٍ وإِنَّما قَدرُه مِثقالٌ أو نَحوُهُ؟ قال: تُضيفُه إلَى ما تَملِكَ فيما يَجِبُ في وزنِه الزَّكاةُ ثُمَّ تُزَكّيهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ.\nورَواه أيضًا الأشجَعِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ كما:\n\n٧٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ يَعلَى بنِ مُرَّةَ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ عَلَيه خاتَمٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ عَظيمٌ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أتُزَكِّى (^٢) هَذا؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وما زَكاةُ هَذا؟ قال: فلَمّا أدبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"جَمرَة عَظيمَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1704>بابُ تَحريمِ أوانِى الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ على الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ</span>\n\n٧٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٩٢، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٢٦٣ (٦٧٧) من طريق الوليد به. وعند الطبرانى: سفيان عن ابن بعلى عن أبيه، دون ذكر جده. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٣: هذا بعيد من الصحة.\n(^٢) في م: \"أتؤدى زكاة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٥٦)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ١٩٢ عن إبراهيم بن أبى الليث به وعندهما. عمرو بن يعلى بدل: عمر بن يعلى.","vol":"8","page":221},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن الَّذِى يَشرَبُ في آنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ (^١) فكأنَّما -أو إنَّما- يُجَرجِرُ في بَطنِه نارَ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٢).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ والوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ كما:\n\n٧٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ (^٣) وأبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ والوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ الَّذِى يأكُلُ أو يَشرَبُ في آنيَةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ\". قال مسلمٌ: ولَيسَ في حَديثِ أحَدٍ مِنهُم -يَعنِى حَديثَ الجَماعَةِ الَّذينَ رَوَوه عن نافِعٍ، ثُمَّ الجَماعَةِ الَّذينَ رَوَوه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ- ذِكرُ الأكلِ والذَّهَبِ إلَّا في حَديثِ ابنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الذهب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦١١)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٦٨٧٢)، وابن حبان (٥٣٤١) من طريق عبيد الله به. وتقدم في (٩٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"زيد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٤٤، ٣١٤٥)، وما سيأتى في (٧٩٦٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٦٥/ ...).","vol":"8","page":222},{"text":"٧٦٦٤ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو أحمدَ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا مسلمٌ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مَعنٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عثمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ مُرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن خالَتِه أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن شَرِبَ في إناءٍ مِن ذَهَب أو فِضَّةٍ فإِنَّما يُجَرجِرُ في بَطنِه نارًا مِن جَهَنَّمَ\" (^١). ففِى هَذا ذِكرُ الذَّهَبِ (^٢) دونَ الأكلِ.\nوقَد رُوّينا ذِكرَ الأكلِ في حَديثِ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ ثُمَّ في حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵃- في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٣)، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1705>بابُ ما لا زَكاةَ فيه مِن الجَواهِرِ غَيِر الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ</span>\n\n٧٦٦٥ - رَوَى عُمَرُ بنُ أبى عُمَرَ الكَلاعِىُّ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عنَ أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا زَكاةَ في حَجَرٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا زَيدُ (^٤) ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بحِمصَ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن عُمَرَ الكَلاعِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nورَواه أيضًا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الوَقاصِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٦٥/ ٢).\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"الشرب\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريج هذه الأحاديث في (١٠٢ - ١٠٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"يزيد\".\n(^٥) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٨١.","vol":"8","page":223},{"text":"مَرفوعًا.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ العَرزَمِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَوقوفًا.\nورواةُ هَذا الحديثِ عن عمرٍو كُلُّهُم ضَعيف (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٦٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن على قال: لَيسَ في جَوهَرٍ زَكاةٌ. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أما عمر بن أبى عمر الكلاعى الدمشقى أبو محمد الشامى، فينظر الكلام عليه في الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٦٨١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٧٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢١٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٧/ ٤٨٧.\nوقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٦١: ضعيف، من شيوخ بقية المجهولين. وسيذكره المصنف في (١١٥٣٧).\nوأما عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن عمر القرشى الزهرى الوقاصى أبو عمرو المدنى، فينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٣٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٥٧، والمجروحين ٢/ ٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٢٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقرب ٢/ ١١: متروك. وسيذكره المصنف في (١٤٠٨١، ١٥٣٩٠).\nوأما العرزمى فتقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٦٤٠).\n(^٢) وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٤: وإبراهيم متروك.","vol":"8","page":224},{"text":"سالِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: لَيسَ في حَجَرٍ زَكاةٌ إلَّا ما كان لتِجارَةٍ، مِن جَوهَرٍ ولا ياقوتٍ ولا لُؤلُوًا ولا غَيرِه إلَّا الذَّهَبَ والفِضةَ (^١).\nورُوّينا نَحوَ هَذا القَولِ عن عَطاءٍ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وعِكرِمَةَ والزُّهرِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ ومَكحولٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1706>بابُ ما لا زَكاةَ فيه ممّا أُخِذَ مِنَ البحرِ مِن عَنبَرٍ وغَيرِه</span>\n\n٧٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو ركَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أُذَينَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ في العَنبَرِ زَكاةٌ، إنَّما هو شَيءٌ دَسَرَه (^٣) البحرُ (^٤).\n\n٧٦٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ وابنُ قَعنَبِ وسَعيدٌ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ (^٥):\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٦٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٥٧) عن شريك به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٠٦٣) من طريق سالم بنحوه.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٤/ ٨٤، ٨٥، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٤/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢.\n(^٣) دسره البحر: دفعه وألقاه. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٨٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٦٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٤٨) من طريق عمرو ابن دينار به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، ص ٣.","vol":"8","page":225},{"text":"لَيسَ [العَنبَرُ برِكازٍ] (^١)، إنَّما هو شَئٌ دَسَرَه البحرُ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيج عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٦٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه سُئلَ عن العَنبَرِ (^٤)، فقالَ: إن كان فيه شَئٌ ففيه الخُمُسُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ شَيبانَ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن العَنبَرِ: أفيه زَكاةٌ؟ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِىَ (^٥).\nفابنُ عباسٍ عَلَّقَ القَولَ فيه في هذه الرِّوايَةِ، وقَطَعَ بأَن لا زَكاةَ فيه في الرِّوايَةِ الأُولَى، والقَطعُ أولَى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"في العنبر زكاة\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١١٥. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٤٧) عن ابن عيينة به. وعلقه البخارى عقب (١٤٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩٧٧) عن ابن جريج بنحوه.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أفيه زكاة\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٦٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٥٣) عن ابن عيينة بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (٦٩٧٦) من طريق ابن طاوس بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1707>بابُ زَكاةِ التِّجارَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى وجلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ﴾ الآيَة [البقرة: ٢٦٧].\n\n٧٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ﴾. قال: مِنَ التِّجارَةِ، ﴿وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ﴾ قال: النَّخلُ (^١).\n\n٧٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ ابنُ موسَى أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى خُبَيبُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه سُلَيمانَ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يأمُرُنا أن نُخرِجَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنَ الَّذِى نُعِدُّ لِلبَيعِ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ (^٣) بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٣٠)، وتفسير مجاهد ص ٢٤٤ بالشطر الأول.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٦٢). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٥: لا يعرف إلا بهذا الإسناد. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٣٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"مسلم\".","vol":"8","page":227},{"text":"الحَدَثانِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"في الإبِلِ صَدَقَتُها، وفِى الغَنَمِ صدَقَتُها، وفِى البَزِّ (^١) صَدَقَتُه\" (^٢).\n\n٧٦٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ بنِ أبى الحُسامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ، عن أبى ذرٍّ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"في الإِبِلِ صَدَقَتُها، وفِى الغَنَمِ صدَقَتُها (^٣)، وفِى البَزِّ صدَقَتُه، ومَن رَفَعَ دَنانيرَ أو دَراهِمَ أو تِبرًا أو فِضَّةً لا يُعِدُّها لِغَريمٍ ولا يُنفِقُها في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فهو كَنزٌ يُكْوَى به يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٤). سَقَطَ مِن هذه الرِّوايَةِ ذِكرُ البَقَرِ.\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى في المجموع ٦/ ٣: بفتح الباء والزاى، هكذا رواه جميع الرواة، وصرح بالزاى الدارقطنى والبيهقى. وقال في تهذيب الأسماء واللغات (الجزء الأول من القسم الثانى) ص ٢٧: هو بفتح الباء وبالزاى، وهذا وإن كان ظاهرًا لا يحتاج إلى تقييد، فإنما قيدته لأننى بلغنى أن بعض الكتاب صحفه بالبر بضم الباء وبالراء، قال أهل اللغة: البز: الثياب التى هى أمتعة البزاز. اهـ. قلت: وقع عند الحاكم البر بضم الباء وبالراء. وكذا نص عليه هنا ابنُ دقيق العيد كما في التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ١٧٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٥٧)، والترمذى في العلل الكبير (١٧١) من طريق محمد بن بكر به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٥: إسناده جيد ولم يخرجوه. اهـ. قلت: لكن نقل الترمذى عن البخارى أن ابن جريج لم يسمع من عمران بن أبى أنس. ووقع عند الحاكم: سالم بن الفضل. مكان: سلم بن الفضل، وزهير بن محمد. مكان: زهير بن حرب، ومحمد بن بكير. مكان: محمد بن بكر.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل؛ \"بخطه: صدقاتها. في الموضعين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٣٥٦) من طربق موسى به وفيه: البر. بالراء.","vol":"8","page":228},{"text":"وقَد رَواه دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ علىٍّ السَّدوسِىِّ فذَكَرَ فيه: \"وفِى [البَقَرِ صَدَقَتُها] (^٢) (^١) \".\n\n٧٦٧٥ - أَخبَرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجزِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ السَّدوسِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورَواه أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ عن دَعلَجِ بنِ أحمدَ وقالَ: كَتَبتُه مِنَ الأصلِ العَتيقِ: \"وفِى البَزِّ\". مُقَيَّدٌ.\n\n٧٦٧٦ - أَخبَرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، حدثنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٧٦٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ أبى أنَسٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: بَينا أنا جالِسٌ عِندَ عثمانَ جاءَه أبو ذَرٍّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقالوا: يا أبا ذَرٍّ حَدِّثْنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: سَمِعتُ، رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"في الإِبِلِ صَدَقَتُها، وفِى الغَنَمِ صَدَقَتُها، وفِى البَقَرِ صَدَقَتُها، وفِى البَزِّ صَدَقَتُه\".\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"الإبل صدقاتها\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صدقاتها\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٨ بدون ذكر موسى في الإسناد، وفيه: البر. بالراء.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠١. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٠٥: موسى واه. وقال الحافظ ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ١٧٩: والدارقطنى رواه بالزاى، لكن طريقه ضعيفة.","vol":"8","page":229},{"text":"قالَها بالزّاى (^١).\n\n٧٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى عمرِو ابنِ حِماسٍ، أنَّ أباه قال: مَرَرتُ بعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وعَلَى عُنُقِى آدِمَةٌ (^٢) أحمِلُها، فقالَ عُمَرُ: ألا تُؤَدِّى زَكاتَكَ يا حِماسُ؟ فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ما لِى غَيرُ هذه التى على ظَهرِى وآهِبَةٌ في القَرَظِ (^٣) فقالَ: ذاكَ مالٌ، فضَعْ. قال: فوَضَعتُها بَينَ يَدَيه فحَسَبَها فوُجِدَت قَد وجَبَت فيها الزَّكاةُ فأَخَذَ مِنها الزَّكاةَ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ، وحَديثُ جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ مُختَصَرٌ قال: كان حِماسٌ يَبيعُ الأدَمَ والجِعابَ (^٥) فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: أدِّ زَكاةَ مالِكَ. فقالَ: إنَّما مالِى جِعابٌ وأَدَمٌ. فقالَ: قَوِّمْه وأَدِّ زَكاته.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٠.\n(^٢) الآدمة: جمع أديم، وهو الجلد المدبوغ. يظر النهاية ١/ ٣٢، والمصباح المنير ص ٤ (أ د م).\n(^٣) الآهبة: جمع إهاب، وهو الجلد، والقرظ: القر الذى يدبغ به. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٠، ٢/ ١٧٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٥٦)، وفى المعرفة (٢٣٦٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٦.\n(^٥) الجعاب: جمع الجعبة، وهى الكنانة التى تجعل فيها السهام. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٥٧.","vol":"8","page":230},{"text":"٧٦٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبى عمرِو ابنِ حِماسٍ، عن أبيه مِثلَه (^١). قالَهَ عَقِيبَ رِوايَتِه الأُولَى عن سُفيانَ.\n\n٧٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ في العُروضِ (^٢) زَكاةٌ إلَّا ما كان لِلتِّجارَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا قَولُ عامَّةِ أهلِ العِلمِ، والَّذِى روىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لا زَكاةَ في العَرْضِ. فقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ القَديمِ: إسنادُ الحديثِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ضَعيفٌ، وكانَ اتِّباعُ حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ لِصِحَّتِه، والاحتياطُ في الزَّكاةِ، أحَبَّ إلَىَّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٦٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٦.\n(^٢) العروض جمع عرض. وتقدم معنى العرض في حديث (٧٤٤٨) ..\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٥٧)، وأحمد (٧٦٧ - مسائل عبد الله). وأخرجه الشافعى ٢/ ٤٦، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٥٢) من طريق عبيد الله بنحوه.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٣٠١. وينظر الاستذكار ٩/ ١١٣.","vol":"8","page":231},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد حَكَى ابنُ المُنذِرِ عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَ ما رُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، ولَم يَحْكِ خِلافَهم عن أحَدٍ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مَعنَى قَولِه إن صَحَّ: لا زَكاةَ في العَرْضِ. أى: إذا لَم يُرَدْ به التِّجارَةُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1708>بابُ الدَّينِ مَعَ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٧٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- كان يقولُ: هَذا شَهرُ زَكاتِكُم، فمَن كان عَلَيه دَينٌ فليُؤدِّ دَينَه حَتَّى تَحصُلَ أموالُكُم، فتُؤَدّونَ مِنها الزَّكاةَ (^١).\n\n٧٦٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفانَ -﵁- خَطيبًا (^٢) على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: هَذا شَهرُ زَكاتِكُم. ولَم يُسَمِّ لِىَ السّائبُ الشَّهرَ ولَم أسأَلْه عنه. قال: فقالَ عثمانُ: فمَن كان مِنكُم عَلَيه دَين فليَقضِ دينَه حَتَّى تَخلُصَ أموالُكُم فتُؤَدّوا مِنها الزَّكاةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٦٩)، والشافعى ٢/ ٥٠، ومالك ١/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٢) في ص ٣: \"خطبنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٨٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٥٠) من طريق الزهرى بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٣٣٨) مقتصرا على قول السائب: أنه سمع عثمان بن عفان خطيبا على منبر النبى -ﷺ-. =","vol":"8","page":232},{"text":"٧٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ أبنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ ابنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ في الرَّجُلِ يَستَقرِضُ فيُنفِقُ على ثَمَرَتِه وعَلَى أهلِه قال: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: يَبدأُ بما استَقرَضَ فيَقضِيه ويُزَكِّى ما بَقِىَ. قال: وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يَقضِى ما أنفَقَ على الثَّمَرَةِ ثُمَّ يُزَكِّى ما بَقِىَ (^١).\n\n٧٦٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ وحدَه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ مُبارَكٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: لَيسَ عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٦٨٥ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: الأرضُ أزرَعُها؟ قال: فقالَ: ارفَعْ (^٣) نَفَقَتَكَ وزَكِّ ما بَقِىَ (^٤).\n\n٧٦٨٦ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا مَندَلٌ وحَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ\n_________\n= وينظر المجموع للنووى ٦/ ١٣٥، وفتح البارى ١٣/ ٣١٠.\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٨٩) وصحح إسناده الشيخ أحمد شاكر في تعليقه عليه. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٨٦)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٩٢٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٩٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) في م: \"ادفع\".\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٨٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠١٨٦) عن وكيع به.","vol":"8","page":233},{"text":"وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: لَيسَ على الرَّجُلِ زَكاةٌ في مالِه إذا كان عَلَيه دَينٌ يُحيطُ بمالِهِ (^١).\n\n٧٦٨٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n٧٦٨٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن فُضيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: ما عَلَيكَ مِنَ الدَّينِ فزَكاتُه على صاحِبِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٦٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ (^٤)، أنَّه سأَلَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ عن رَجُلٍ له مالٌ وعَلَيه دَينٌ مِثلُه، أعَلَيه زَكاةٌ؟ فقالَ: لا (^٥).\n\n٧٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ قال: سأَلتُ الزُّهرِىَّ عن الرَّجُلِ يَستَسلِفُ على حائطِه وحَرثِه ما يُحيطُ بما تُخرِجُ أرضُهُ. فقالَ: لا نَعلَمُ في السُّنَّةِ أن يُترَكَ حَرثٌ أو ثَمَرُ رَجُلٍ عَلَيه فيه دَينٌ فلا يُزَكَّى، ولَكِنَّه يُزَكَى وعَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٩٦).\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٩٧).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٨٨). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٧٥٦) من طريق مغيرة بنحوه.\n(^٤) في حاشة الأصل: \"هو يزيد بن عبد الله بن خصيفة\".\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٥٣.","vol":"8","page":234},{"text":"دينُه، فأَمّا الرَّجُلُ يَكونُ له ذَهَبٌ ووَرِق عَلَيه فيه دَينٌ، فإِنَّه لا يُزَكَّى حَتَّى يُقضَى الدَّينُ (^١).\n\n٧٦٩١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ النَّضرِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ سيرينَ يقولُ: كانوا لا يَرصُدونَ الثِّمارَ في الدَّينِ. قال: قال ابنُ سيرينَ: ويَنبَغِى لِلعَينِ أن تُرصَدَ في الدَّينِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخ: هَذا هو مَذهَبُ الشّافِعِىِّ في القَديمِ، فرَّقَ في ذَلِكَ بَينَ الأموالِ الظّاهِرَةِ والأموالِ الباطِنَةِ.\n\n٧٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ قال: يُزَكِّى مالَه وإِن كان عَلَيه مِثلُه. قال: فكَلَّمتُه حَتَّى رَجَعَ عَنه (^٣).\n\n٧٦٩٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِىُّ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ أنَّه قال: يُزَكِّى الرَّجُلُ مالَه وإِن كان عَلَيه مِنَ الدَّينِ مِثلُه، لأنَّه يأكُلُ مِنه ويَنكِحُ فيهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخ: والظَّواهِرُ التى ورَدَت بإيجابِ الزَّكاةِ في الأموالِ تَشهَدُ لِهَذا\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٩١). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥٤٣)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٩٣٥) من طريق يونس به بنحوه.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٩٢) ووقع فيه: للفتى أن يرصد. مكان: للعين أن ترصد. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥٤٤)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٩٣٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٨٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٥٦) من طريق مسعر بنحوه.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٨٦).","vol":"8","page":235},{"text":"القَولِ بالصِّحَّةِ، وهو قَولُ الشّافِعِىِّ في الجَديدِ وكانَ يقولُ: حَديثُ عثمانَ يُشبِهُ واللهُ أعلَمُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أمَرَ بقَضاءِ الدَّينِ قَبلَ حُلولِ الصَّدَقَةِ في المالِ، وقَولُه: هَذا شَهرُ زَكاتِكُم. يَجوزُ أن يَقولَ: هَذا الشَهرُ الَّذِى إذا مَضَى حَلَّت زَكاتُكُم، كما يُقالُ: شَهرُ ذِى الحِجَّةِ. وإِنَّما الحِجَّةُ بَعدَ مُضِيِّ أيّامٍ مِنه. أخبرَنا بهَذا الكَلامِ أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1709>بابُ زَكاةِ الدَّينِ اذا كان على [مَلِئٍ يُوفى]</span> (^٢)\n\n٧٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عثمانَ ابنِ عَفّانَ قال: زَكَه -يَعنِى الدَّينَ- إذا كان عِندِ المَلاءِ (^٣).\n\n٧٦٩٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عباسٍ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قالا: مَن أسلَفَ مالًا فعَلَيه زَكاتُه في كُلِّ عامٍ إذا كان في ثِقَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٥٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"ملى موفى\". والملئ بالهمز: الثقة الغنىُّ، وقد مَلُؤ فهو ملئ بيِّن المَلاء والمَلاءة بالمد. وقد أولع الناس فيه بترك الهمز وتشديد الياء. النهاية ٤/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٢١٣)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٧٠٩) من طريق عقيل به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٢١٤)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٧١٠) من طريق الليث عن نافع عن ابن عمر وحده بنحوه. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (١٢٢٢) بإسناد آخر عن ابن عباس بلفظ: إذا لم =","vol":"8","page":236},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن النِ عماسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن زَكاةِ مالِ الغائبِ فقالَ: أدِّ عن الغائبِ مِنَ المالِ كما تُؤَدِّى عن الشّاهِدِ. فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: إذَنْ يَهلِكَ المالُ. فقالَ: هَلاكُ المالِ خَيرٌ مِن هَلاكِ الدِّينِ.\n\n٧٦٩٦ - وهَذا فيما أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن (^١) أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَمِّه، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن ثَورٍ.\n\n٧٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَعْدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَستَسلِفَ أموالَ يَتامَى مِن عِندِه؛ لأنَّه كان يَرَى أنَّه أحرَزُ له مِنَ الوَضْعِ (^٢). قال: وكانَ يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَه مِن أموالِهِم (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ وعلىٍّ -ﷺ- مِثلَ قَولِ هَؤُلاءِ، ثُمَّ عن الحَسَنِ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ والقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ والزُّهرِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n= ترج أخذه فلا تزكه.\n(^١) في ص ٣: \"ابن\".\n(^٢) وُضع في تجارته وَضْعًا: خَسر فيها. التاج ٢٢/ ٣٣٩ (وض ع).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١١٠) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) ينظر الأموال لأبى عبيد ص ٥٢٦ - ٥٢٩، والأموال لابن زنجويه ٣/ ٩٥١، ٩٥٣، ٩٥٤.","vol":"8","page":237},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1710>بابُ زَكاةِ الدَّينِ إذا كان على مُعسِرٍ أو جاحِدٍ</span>\n\n٧٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ علىٍّ في الرَّجُلِ يَكونُ له الدَّينُ الظَّنونُ (^١) قال: يُزَكيه لما مَضَى إذا قَبَضه إن كان صادِقًا. حَدَّثَناه يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^٢).\nوقالَ أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: الظَّنونُ: هو الَّذِى لا يَدرِى صاحِبُه أيَقضيه الَّذِى عَلَيه الدَّينُ أم لا؟ كأَنَّه الَّذِى لا يَرجوه (^٣).\n\n٧٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيد، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: زَكُوا ما كان في أيديكُم، وما كان مِن دَينٍ في ثِقَةٍ فهو بمَنزِلَةِ ما في أيديكُم، وما كان مِن دَينٍ ظَنونٍ فلا زَكاةَ فيه حَتَّى يَقبِضه (^٤).\n\n٧٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"المظنون\".\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٦٤، والأموال (١٢٢٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٤٩) عن يزيد ابن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (٧١١٦) عن هشام بن حسان بنحوه.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١١٢) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٤٤)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٧١١، ١٧٢٣) من طريق موسى بن عبيدة بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":238},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبدٍ القارِىَّ وكانَ على بَيتِ مالِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: كان النّاسُ يأخُذونَ مِنَ الدَّينِ الزَّكاةَ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ النّاسَ إذا خَرَجَتِ الأَعطيَةُ حَبَسَ لَهُمُ العُرَفاءُ (^١) دُيونَهُم، وما بَقِىَ في أيديِهِم أُخرِجَت زَكاتُهُم قَبلَ أن يَقبِضوا، ثُمَّ داينَ النّاسُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ دُيونًا هالِكَةً فلَم يَكونوا يَقبِضونَ مِنَ الدَّينِ الصَّدَقَةَ إلَّا ما نَضَّ (^٢) مِنه، ولَكِنَّهُم كانوا إذا قَبَضوا الدَّينَ أخرَجوا عَنها لما مَضَى مِنها (^٣).\n\n٧٧٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدل، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبى تَميمَةَ السَّختيانِىِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ -﵁- كَتَبَ في مالٍ قَبَضَه بَعضُ الوُلاةِ ظُلمًا يأمُرُ برَدِّه إلَى أهلِه وتُؤخَذُ زَكاتُه لما مَضَى مِنَ السِّنينَ، ثُمَّ أعقَبَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بكِتابٍ ألا تُؤخَذَ مِنه إلَّا زَكاةٌ واحِدَةٌ فإِنَّه كان ضِمارًا (^٤). قال (^٥):\n_________\n(^١) العرفاء جمع العريف: وهو المدبر أمر القوم والقائم بسياستهم. المصباح المنير ص ١٥٤ (ع ر ف).\n(^٢) نض الشئ: حصل، وأهل الحجاز يسمون الدراهم والدنانير نضا وناضًّا، قال أبو عبيد: إنما يسمونه ناضًّا إذا تحول عينا بعد أن كان متاعا، لأنه يقال: ما نض بيدى منه شئ، أى: ما حصل، وخذ ما نض من الدين، أى: ما تيسر. المصباح المنير ص ٢٣٣ (ن ض ض).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١١٧٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥٥٩)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٦٨٦) من طريق الزهرى به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٢٥٣، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٧٢٨).\n(^٥) في م: \"ثم قال\".","vol":"8","page":239},{"text":"أبو عُبَيدٍ: يَعنِى الغائبَ الَّذِى لا يُرجَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1711>بابُ مَن قال: لا زَكاةَ في الدَّينِ</span>\nرَواه الزَّعفَرانِىُّ عن الشّافِعِىِّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عنه في الجَديدِ، والرُّجوعُ أولَى به؛ لَما مَضى مِنَ الآثارِ وغَيرِها مِنَ الظَّواهِرِ.\n\n٧٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَطاء يقولُ: لَيسَ عَلَيكَ في دَينٍ لَكَ زَكاةٌ وإِن كان في مَلاءٍ (^٢).\nوقَد حَكاه ابنُ المُنذِرِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ ثُمَّ عِكرِمَةَ وعَطاءٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1712>بابُ بَيعِ الصَّدَقَةِ قَبلَ وُصولِها إلَى أهلِها مِن غَيِر حاجَةٍ</span>\n\n٧٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا وأَنا واقِفٌ على رأسِه يُسأَلُ عن بَيعِ الصَّدَقَةِ قَبلَ أن تُقبَضَ، فقالَ طاوُسٌ: ورَبِّ هَذا البَيتِ لا يَحِلُّ بَيعُها قَبلَ أن تُقبَضُ ولا بَعدَ أن تُقبَضَ. قال الشافِعِىُّ: لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ أن تُؤخَذَ مِن أغنيائِهِم فتُرَدَّ على فُقَرائِهِم\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٤١٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٢٣١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٥٣) من طريق عثمان بن الأسود به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٥١، ١٠٣٥٢).","vol":"8","page":240},{"text":"فقَراءِ أهلِ السُّهمانِ، فتُرَدُّ بعَينِها ولا يُرَدُّ ثَمَنُها (^١).\nقال الشيخُ. والأخبارُ التى ورَدَت في فرائضِ الصَّدَقاتِ وتقديرِ الجُبراناتِ (^٢) دَليلٌ في هذه المَسأَلَةِ.\n\n٧٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ الحَضرَمِىِّ ابنِ كُلثومِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ ناجيَةِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه كُلثومٍ، عن أبيه قال: عَرَضوا على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أن يَشتَروا مِنه بَقيَّةَ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيهِم مِن صَدَقاتِهِم فقالَ: \"إنّا لا نَبيعُ شَيئًا مِنَ الصَّدَقاتِ حَتَّى نَقبِضَه\" (^٣). وهَذا إسنادٌ غَيرُ قَوىٍّ.\nورُوىَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ بإِسنادَينِ له عن أبى سعيدٍ مُنقَطِعًا (^٤)، وعن أبى هريرةَ مَوصولًا ومَرفوعًا في النَّهىِ عن ذَلِكَ. وإِسماعيلُ عيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٧٠٥ - وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٧٠)، والشافعى في الأم ٢/ ٥٩.\n(^٢) تقدم معناه عقب (٧٤٤٥).\n(^٣) ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٣٣٥) مطولا. وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ٦ (٤) من طريق ابن كاسب به مطولا.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٠٩٥٢) من طريق آخر عن أبى سعيد.\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٤٢٢).","vol":"8","page":241},{"text":"راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَشتَروا الصَّدَقاتِ حَتَّى توسَمَ وتُعقَلَ (^١) \" (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٣) ثُمَّ قال: وهَذا يُروَى مِن قَولِ مَكحولٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1713>بابُ كَراهيَةِ ابتياعِ ما تُصُدِّقَ به مِن يَدَىْ مَن تُصُدِّقَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٧٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشْرُ (^٤) بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ يَسأَلُ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ فقالَ زَيدٌ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: حَمَلتُ على فرَسٍ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فرأَيتُه يُباعُ، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أشتَريه؟ فقالَ: \"لا تَشتَرِه ولا تَعُدْ في صَدَقَتِكَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^٦).\n\n٧٧٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: حَمَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- على فرَسٍ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) الوسم: هو تعليم إبل الصدقة بالكى، والعقل من العقال الذى يعقل به البعير الذى كان يؤخذ في الصدقة؛ لأن على صاحبها التسليم، وإنما يقع القبض بالرباط. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٨٠، ٥/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) البغوى في الجعديات (٣٤٥٠).\n(^٣) المراسيل (١١٦) من طريق محمد بن راشد به.\n(^٤) في النسخ: \"أسد\". وكتب فوقه في الأصل: \"بخطه: بشر\". اهـ. والسند تكرر.\n(^٥) الحميدى (١٥).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٩٧٠).","vol":"8","page":242},{"text":"فرأَى شَيئًا مِن نِتاجِه (^١) يُباعُ، فأَرادَ شِراءَه فسأَلَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عنه فقالَ: \"لا تَشتَرِه ولا تَعُدْ في صَدَقَتِكَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمذ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: حَمَلتُ على فرَسٍ عَتيقٍ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فأَضاعَه صاحِبُه الَّذِى كان عِندَه، فأَرَدتُ أن أشتَريَه مِنه وظَنَنتُ أنَّه بائعُه برُخصٍ، فسأَلتُ عن ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا تَشتَرِه وإن أعطاكَ بدِرهَمٍ واحِدٍ؛ فاِنَّ العائدَ في صَدَقَتِه كالكلبِ يَعودُ في قَيْئهِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن جَماعَةٍ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان\n_________\n(^١) النتاج: اسم يشمل وضع البهائم من الغنم وغيرها. المصباح المنير ص ٢٢٦ (ن ت ج).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦) عن سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم عقب (١٦٢٠/ ٢).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٢٨٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٨١)، والنسائى (٢٦١٤)، وابن حبان (٥١٢٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٢٠/ ١)، والبخارى (١٤٩٠، ٢٦٢٣، ٣٠٠٣).","vol":"8","page":243},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ عُمَرَ تَصَدَّقَ بفَرَسٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ، فوَجَدَه يُباعُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فأَرادَ أن يَشتَريَه، ثُمَّ أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاستأْمَرَه في ذَلِكَ فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَعُدْ في صَدَقَتِكَ\". فبِذَلِكَ كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَترُكُ أن يَبتاعَ شَيئًا تَصَدَّقَ به أو بَرَّ به إلَّا جَعَلَه صَدَقَةً (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1714>بابُ مَن قال بجوَازِ (^٣) الابتياعِ مَعَ الكَراهيَةِ، وأنَّه يَجوزُ أن يَملِكَ ما خَرَجَ مِن يَدَيه بما يَحِلُّ به المِلكُ</span>\nروىَ مَعناه عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ (^٤)، وسَكَتَ (^٥) ابنُ عُمَرَ عن تَحريمِه مَعَ نَهيِه عنه فيما رُوىَ عَنه.\n\n٧٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَطاءٍ المَدَنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَتَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى كُنتُ تَصَدَّقتُ بوَليدَةٍ على أُمِّى فماتَت أُمِّى وبَقيَتِ الوَليدَةُ؟ قال: \"قَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٢٦١٦) من طريق الليث به، دون ذكر فعل ابن عمر. وأحمد (٤٥٢١)، والترمذى (٦٦٨)، والنسائى (٢٦١٥) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٨٩)، ومسلم (١٦٢١/ ٤).\n(^٣) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"يجوز: ح، ر\".\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٠٨).\n(^٥) في س: \"سألت\".","vol":"8","page":244},{"text":"وجَبَ أجرُكِ ورَجَعَت إلَيكِ في الميراثِ\". قالَت: فإِنَّها ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومُ شَهرٍ؟ قال: \"صومِى عن أُمِّكِ\". قالَت: وإِنَّها ماتَت ولَم تَحُجَّ؟ قال: \"فحُجِّى عن أُمِّكِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1715>بابُ زَكاةِ المَعدِنِ ومَن قال (^٣): المَعدِنُ لَيسَ برِكازٍ </span>(^٤)\nلِقَولِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"المَعدِنُ جُبارٌ (^٥)، وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٦). ففَصَلَ بَينَهُما في الذِّكرِ وأَضافَ الخُمُسَ إلَى الرِّكازِ.\n\n٧٧١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ ابنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن عُلَمائهِم، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَطَعَ لِبِلالِ بنِ الحارِثِ المُزَنِىِّ مَعادِنَ القَبَليَّةِ وهِيَ مِن ناحيَةِ الفُرعِ (^٧)، فتِلكَ المَعادِنُ لا يُؤخَذُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٨٧٧)، والترمذى (٦٦٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٦٣١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٩٤) من طريق عبد الله بن عطاء به مختصرا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٤٩).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٣: \"إن\".\n(^٤) الركاز عند أهل الحجاز: كنوز الجاهلية المدفونة في الأرض، وعند أهل العراق المعادن، والقولان تحتملهما اللغة؛ لأن كلا منهما مركوز في الأرض؛ أى ثابت. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٨٤، والنهاية ٢/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٥) جبار: هَدْر. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٣٥.\n(^٦) سيأتى في (٧٧٢٠، ٧٧٢١، ١٦٤٧٦، ١٧٧٤٨، ١٧٧٤٩) من حديث أبى هريرة.\n(^٧) الفرع بالضم ثم السكون، وقيل بضمتين، واد كبير من أودية الحجاز، يمر على ١٥٠ كيلا جنوب المدينة المنورة، كثير العيون والنخل والنزل، سكانه بنو عمرو بن حرب، وكان عند البعثة لمزينة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٣٦. وينظر مراصد الاطلاع ٣/ ١٠٢٨.","vol":"8","page":245},{"text":"مِنها إلَّا الزَّكاةُ إلَى اليَومِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: لَيسَ هَذا مِمّا يُثبِتُ أهلُ الحديثِ، ولَو ثبَّتوه لَم تَكُنْ فيه رِوايَةٌ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَّا إقطاعُه، فأَمّا الزَّكاةُ في المَعادِنِ دونَ الخُمُسِ فلَيسَت مَرويَّةً عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ مالكٍ، وقَد روىَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن رَبيعَةَ مَوصولًا.\n\n٧٧١٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ] (^٣)، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ بلالِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخَذَ مِنَ المَعادِنِ القَبَلِيَّةِ الصَّدَقَةَ، وأنَّه أقطَعَ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ العَقيقَ أجمَعَ، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- قال لِبِلالٍ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يُقطِعْكَ إلَّا لِتَعمَلَ (^٤). قال: فأَقطَعَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- لِلنّاسِ العَقيقَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٧٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٣، ومالك ١/ ٢٤٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠٦١).\n(^٢) الشافعى ٢/ ٤٣.\n(^٣) في ص ٣: \"المسيب بن محمد\". ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣١٨.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المصنف في أصله: لم يقطعك لتحجزه عن الناس، لم يقطعك إلا لتعمل\". اهـ. وهو موافق لما في المستدرك.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٣) من طريق نعيم بن حماد به.\nوقال الذهبى في المهذب ٣/ ١٥١١: فيه نكارة، وقد أخرج النسائى فسخ الحج من طريق الدراوردى بهذا الإسناد، ولنعيم مناكير.","vol":"8","page":246},{"text":"٧٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ -﵁- جَعَلَ المَعدِنَ بمَنزِلَةِ الرِّكازِ يُؤخَذُ مِنه الخُمُسُ، ثُمَّ عَقَّبَ بكِتابٍ آخَرَ فجَعَلَ فيه الزَّكاةَ.\nورُوّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخَذَ مِنَ المَعادِنِ مِن كُلِّ مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ (^١). وعن أبى الزِّنادِ قال: جَعَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ في المَعادِنِ أرباعَ العُشورِ إلَّا أن تَكونَ رِكزَةً، فإِذا كانَت رِكزَةً ففيها الخُمُسُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1716>بابُ مَن قال: المَعدِنُ رِكازّ فيه الخُمُسُ</span>\n\n٧٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الصَّقرِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الرِّكازُ الذَّهَبُ الَّذِى يَنبُتُ في الأرضِ\" (^٣).\nورَواه أبو يوسُفَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"في الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\". قيلَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩٩٣٩) من طريق عبد الله بن أبى بكر به. وينظر الأموال لأبى عبيد (٨٦٨، ٨٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن زنجويه (١٢٦٨/ أ) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٦٠٩) عن داود بن عمرو به.","vol":"8","page":247},{"text":"وما الرِّكازُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"الذَّهَبُ والفِضَّةُ الَّذِى خَلَقَه اللَّهُ في الأرضِ يَومَ خُلِقَت\".\n\n٧٧١٥ - حَدَّثَناه أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ ميكالَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفَقيهُ بفارِسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ الوَليدِ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، وهو ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا، جَرَحَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٢) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) وجَماعَةٌ مِن أئمَّةِ الحَديثِ (^٤). وقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الشّافِعِىِّ البَغدادِىِّ عنه: قَد رَوَى أبو سلمةَ وسَعيدٌ وابنُ سيرينَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ زيادٍ وغَيرُهُم عن أبى هريرةَ حَديثَه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"في الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\". لَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُم شَيئًا مِنَ الَّذِى ذَكَرَ المَقبُرِىُّ في حَديثِه، والَّذِى رَوَى ذَلِكَ شَيخٌ ضَعيفٌ، إنَّما رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ قَدِ اتَّقَى النّاسُ حَديثَه، فلا يُجعَلُ خَبرُ رَجُلٍ قَدِ اتَّقَى النّاسُ حَديثَه حُجَّةً (^٥).\n\n٧٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) أبو يوسف في الخراج (١٣) دون ذكر: عن أبيه وأبى هريرة.\n(^٢) الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٧١، وضعفاء العقيلى ٢/ ٢٥٨، ٢٥٩.\n(^٣) تاريخ الدورى ٢/ ٣١٠، وتاريخ الدارمى (٥٩٥)، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٧١، وضعفاء العقيلى ٢/ ٢٥٨، ٢٥٩.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٢٦٧٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٧٩).","vol":"8","page":248},{"text":"إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وهِشامُ ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ تَرَى في حَريسَةِ الجبَلِ (^١)؟ قال: \"هِىَ ومِثلُها والنَّكالُ، لَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الماشيَةِ قَطعٌ إلَّا فيما آواه المُواحُ (^٢) وبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ (^٣) ففيه قَطعُ اليَدِ، وما لَم يَبلُغْ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه غَرامَةُ مِثليَه وجَلَداتُ نَكالٍ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فكَيفَ تَرَى في الثَّمَرِ المُعَلَّقِ؟ قال: \"هو ومِثلُه مَعَه والنَّكالُ، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ المُعَلَّقِ قَطعٌ إلَّا ما آواه الجَوينُ (^٤)، فما أُخِذَ مِنَ الجَوينِ فبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه القَطعُ، وما لَم يَبلُغْ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه عرامَةُ مِثيَه وجَلَداتُ نَكالٍ\". قال: فكَيفَ تَرَى فيما يُؤخَذُ في الطَّريقِ المِيتاءِ (^٥) أو القَريَةِ المَسكونَةِ؟ قال.: \"عَرِّفْه سنةً، فإِن جاءَ باغيه فادفَعْه إلَيه وإلَّا فشأنَكَ به، فإِن جاءَ طالِبُه يَومًا مِنَ الدَّهرِ فأَدِّه إلَيه، فما كان في الطَّريقِ غَيرِ المِيتاءِ وفِى القَريَةِ غَيرِ المَسكونِةِ ففيه وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فكَيفَ تَرَى\n_________\n(^١) حريسة الجبل: هى ما في المراعى من المواشى، فـ \"حريسة\" بمعنى محروسة، قال أبو عبيد: وبعضهم يجعلها السرقة نفسها. وقال أبو عبيدة: هى التى تحترس، أى: تسرق، من الجبل. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ١٦٣، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) تقدم معنى المراح في (٧٤٠٩).\n(^٣) المجن: الترس، وهو ما يُتوقى به في الحرب؛ لأنه يوارى حامله؛ أى يستره. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٤) الجرين: موضع تجفيف التمر. النهاية ١/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٥) الطريق الميتاء: هى المسلوكة التى تأتيها الناس، وهو مفعال من الإتيان. والميم زائدة، وبابه الهمزة. ينظر معالم السنن ٢/ ٩١، والنهاية ٤/ ٣٧٨.","vol":"8","page":249},{"text":"في ضالَّةِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"طَعامٌ مأكولٌ لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ، احبِسْ على أخيكَ ضالَّتَه\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فكَيفَ تَرَى في ضالَّةِ الإبِلِ؟ فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ ولَها؟! مَعَها سِقاؤُها وحِذاؤُها (^١)، ولا يُخافُ عَلَيها الذِّئبُ، تأكُلُ الكَلأَ وتَرِدُ الماءَ، دَعْها حَتَّى يأتِىَ طالِبُها\" (^٢).\nمَن قال بالأوَّلِ أجابَ عن هَذا بأَنَّ هَذا الخَبَرَ ورَدَ فيما يوجَدُ مِن أموالِ الجاهِليَّةِ ظاهِرًا فوقَ الأرضِ في الطَّريقِ غَيرِ المِيتاءِ وفِي القَريَةِ غَيرِ المَسكونَةِ، فيَكونُ فيه وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ، ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَعدِنِ بسَبيلٍ، وذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ الزَّعفَرانِىِّ عنه اعتِلالَهُم بالحَديثِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ قال: هو عِندَ أهلِ الحديث ضَعيفٌ. وذَكَرَ اعتِلالَهُم بحَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ هَذا، ثُمَّ قال: إن كان حَديثُ عمرٍو يَكونُ حُجَّةً فالَّذِى رَوَى حُجَّة عَلَيه في غَيرِ حُكْمٍ، وإِن كان حَديثُ عمرٍو غَيرَ حُجَّةٍ، فالحُجَّةُ بغَيرِ حُجَّةٍ، جَهلٌ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مُخالفَتَهم الحديثَ في الغَرامَةِ وفِى التَّمرِ الرُّطَبِ إذا آواه الجَرينُ وفِى اللُّقَطَةِ، ثُمَّ قال: فخالَفَ حَديثَ عمرٍو الَّذِى رَواه في أحكامٍ غَيرِ واحِدَةٍ فيه، واحتَجَّ مِنه بشَئٍ واحِدٍ، إنَّما هو تَوَهُّمٌ في الحديثِ، فإِن كان حُجَّةً في شَئٍ فليَقُلْ به فيما تَرَكَه فيهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) حذاؤها: أخفافها. عون المعبود ٢/ ٦٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٦٧٠) عن ابن عبد الحكم به مختصرا. والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٨٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٧) من طريق ابن وهب به مختصرا. وأحمد (٦٦٨٣)، وأبو داود (١٧١٠، ١٧١٢، ١٧١٣) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به نحوه. وسيأتى في (١٧٣٦٣، ١٩٦٨٥)، وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٠٤ - ١٥٠٧).\n(^٣) ينظر المعرفة عقب (٢٣٨٢).","vol":"8","page":250},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: قَولُه: إنَّما هو تَوَهُّمٌ في الحديثِ. إشارَةٌ إلَى ما ذَكَرْنا مِن أنَّه لَيسَ بوارِدٍ في المَعدِنِ، إنَّما هو فيما هو في مَعنَى الرِّكازِ مِن أموالِ الجاهِليَّةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غَيلانَ، عن مَكحولٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- جَعَلَ المَعدِنَ بمَنزِلَةِ الرِّكازِ فيه الخُمُسُ. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ مَكحولٌ لَم يُدرِكْ زَمانَ عُمَرَ -﵁-.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1717>بابُ مَن قال: لا شَئَ في المَعدِنِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ نِصابًا</span>\n\n٧٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عاصمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ بمِثلِ بَيضَةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أصَبتُ هذه مِن مَعدِنٍ، فخُذْها فهِىَ صَدَقَةٌ ما أملِكُ غَيرَها. فأَعرَضَ عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ أتاه مِن قِبَلِ رُكنِه الأيمَنِ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ فأَعرَضَ عنه، ثُمَّ أتاه مِن رُكنِه الأيسَرِ فأَعرَضَ عنه، ثُمَّ أتاه مِن خَلفِه فأَخَذَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فحَذَفَه بها، فلَو أصابَته لأوجَعَتْه أو لَعَقَرَتْه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"يأتِى أحَدُكُم بما يَملِكُ فيَقولُ: هذه صَدَقَةٌ. ثُمَّ يَقعُدُ يَستَكِفُّ النّاسَ! خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦٧٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٤١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٦٩): ضعيف، إنما يصح عنه جملة: \"خير الصدقة ... \".","vol":"8","page":251},{"text":"وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما امتَنَعَ مِن أخذِ الواجِبِ مِنها لِكَونِها ناقِصَةً عن النِّصابِ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَه (^١)، وقَد مَضتِ الأحاديثُ في نِصابِ الذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1718>بابُ مَن قال: لا شَئَ فيه حَتَّى يحُولَ عَلَيه الحَولُ مِن يَومِ استَفادَه</span>\nهَذا قَولٌ مَذكورٌ في \"مختصر البويطى\" و\"الربيع\" و\"ابن أبى الجارود\"، مَنصوصٌ عَلَيه في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحمدَ بنِ يَحيَى الشّافِعِىِّ البَغدادِىِّ عن الشّافِعِىِّ، واحتَجَّ بحَديثِ مالكٍ في المَعادِنِ القَبَليَّةِ، وقَد ذَكَرناه (^٣).\nقال: وقَد رَوَى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أتاه رَجُلٌ بخَمسَةِ أواقٍ مِن مَعدِنٍ فلَم يأخُذْ مِنها شَيئًا. وهَذا خِلافُ رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الحَديثُ قَد:\n\n٧٧١٩ - أخبَرَناه مَوصولًا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ بخَمسَةِ أواقٍ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥١٣: ما هى كالبيضة إلا وفيها أكثر من النصاب بيقين.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٧٥٨٧ - ٧٥٩٠، ٧٥٩٣ - ٧٥٩٨، ٧٦٠٧، ٧٦٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٧١١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٧٩). وينظر الأم ٢/ ٤٥.","vol":"8","page":252},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ هَذا مِن مَعدِنٍ، فخُذْ مِنه الزَّكاةَ. قال: \"لا شَئَ فيه\". ورَدَّه إلَيهِ (^١).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هَذا وحَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ خَبرًا عن قِصَّةٍ واحِدَةٍ، إلَّا أنَّ جابِرًا لم يَذكُرِ المِقدارَ وذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ في حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ، والحَديثانِ مُتَّفِقانِ في أنَّه لَم [يَرَ فيه شَيئًا] (^٢) في الحالِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1719>بابُ زَكاةِ الرِّكازِ</span>\n\n٧٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، سَمِعاه مِن أبى هريره يُخبِرُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"العَجماءُ جُرحُها جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٧٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٨٠).\n(^٢) في س: \"يرو فيه شئ\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٤)، وأبو داود (٣٠٨٥)، والنسائى (٢٤٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٩) من طريق سفيان به مختصرا. والترمذى (١٣٧٧) من طريق سفيان عن الزهرى عن سعيد وحده به، وأحمد (٧٤٥٧)، والبخارى (٦٩١٢)، والترمذى (٦٤٢)، والنسائى (٢٤٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠٦) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧١٠/ ...).","vol":"8","page":253},{"text":"٧٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"جُرحُ العَجماءِ جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ بنِ شابورَ ويَعقوبَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال في كَنزٍ وجَدَه رَجُلٌ في خَرِبَةٍ جاهِليَّةٍ: \"إن وجَدتَه في قَريَةٍ مَسكونَةٍ أو سَبيل مِيتاء فعَرِّفْه، وإن وجَدتَه في خَرِبَةٍ جاهِليَّةٍ أو في قَريَةٍ غَيرِ مَسكونَةٍ ففيه وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَوّاصُ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أخبَرَه قال: قَدِمْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَخَلَ صاحِبٌ لَنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٨٦٨، ومن طريقه النسائى (٢٤٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٩٩)، ومسلم (١٧١٠/ ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٨٨)، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٣. وأخرجه الحميدى (٥٩٧) عن سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٧١٦).","vol":"8","page":254},{"text":"خَرِبَةً (^١) يَقضِى فيها حاجَتَه فذَهَبَ ليَتَناوَلَ مِنها لَبِنَةً فانهارَت عَلَيه تِبرًا، فأَخَذَها فأَتَى بها النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"زِنْها\". فوَزَنَها فإِذا فيها (^٢) مائتا (^٣) دِرهَمٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَذا رِكازٌ، وفيه الخُمُسُ\" (^٤).\nعبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n\n٧٧٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ يَقولونَ في الرِّكازِ: إنَّما هو دِفْنُ الجاهِليَّةِ ما لَم يُطلَبْ بمالٍ ولَم يُكَلَّفْ فيه كَبيرُ (^٦) عَمَلٍ، فأَمّا ما طُلِبَ بمالٍ أو كُلِّفَ فيه كَبيرُ (^٦) عَمَلٍ فأُصيبَ مَرَّةً وأُخطِئَ مَرَّةً فلَيسَ برِكازٍ (^٧).\nورَوَى أبو داودَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ العَوّامِ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: الرِّكازُ الكَنزُ العادِىُّ (^٨). وسَقَطَ ذَلِكَ مِن كِتابِى.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فرأيته\".\n(^٢) في م: \"هى\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مائتى\".\n(^٤) ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٨٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٩٨) عن أبى عامر العقدى به.\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٢١٢).\n(^٦) في ص ٣: \"كثير\".\n(^٧) مالك ١/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٨) العادى: القديم، كأنه نسب إلى عاد، وكل قديم ينسبونه إلى عاد، وإن لم يدركهم. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٩٥.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٣٠٨٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٨٧٢) عن عباد به.","vol":"8","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1720>بابُ مَن أجرَى بالخُمُسِ الواجِبِ فيه مُجرَى الصَّدَقاتِ</span>\nفقَد سَمّاه المِقدادُ بَينَ يَدَىِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- صَدَقَةً ولَم يُنكِرْهُ.\n\n٧٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا الزَّمْعِىُّ، عن عَمَّتِه قُرَيبَةَ (^١) بنتِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أُمِّها كَريمَةَ بنتِ المِقدادِ، عن ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزبَيرِ بنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ بنِ هاشِمٍ، أنَّها أخبَرَتها قالَت: ذَهَبَ المِقدادُ لِحاجَتِه ببَقيعِ الخَبخَبَةِ (^٢)، فإِذا جُرَذٌ (^٣) يُخرِجُ مِن جُحرٍ دينارًا، ثُمَّ لَم يَزَلْ يُخرِجُ دينارًا دينارًا حَتَّى أخرَجَ سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ دينارًا، ثُمَّ أخرَجَ خِرقَةً حَمراءَ يَعنِى فيها دينارٌ، فكانَت ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ دينارًا، فذَهَبَ بها إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه وقالَ له: خُذْ صَدَقَتَها. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل هَوَيتَ إلَى الجُحرِ؟ \". قال: لا. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فيها\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1721>بابُ ما يوجَدُ مِنه مَدفونًا في قُبورِ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ</span>\n\n٧٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"قوبية\".\n(^٢) قال الفيروزابادى: الخبخبة: شجر، عن السهيلى، ومنه: بقيع الخبخبة بالمدينة؛ لأنه كان منبتها، أو هو بجيمين. القاموس المحيط ١/ ١٠٠ (خ ب ب).\n(^٣) الجرذ: الفأر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٤.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٠٨٧). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٧).","vol":"8","page":256},{"text":"سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يُحَدِّثُ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن [بُجَيرِ بنِ أبى بُجَيرٍ] (^١) قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ حينَ خَرَجْنا مَعَه إلَى الطائفِ فمَرَرْنا بقَبرٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَذا قَبرُ أبى فُلانٍ، وكانَ بهَذا الحَرَمِ يَدفَعُ به عنه، فلَمّا خَرجَ أصابَتْه النِّقمَةُ التى أصابَت قَومَه بهَذا المَكانِ فدُفِنَ فيه، وآيَةُ ذَلِكَ أنَّه دُفِنَ مَعَه غُصنٌ مِن ذَهَب إن أنتُم نَبَشتُم عنه وجَدتُموه مَعَه\". فابتَدَرَه النّاسُ فاستَخرَجوا مِنه الغُصنَ. رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ وقالَ: \"قَبرُ أبى رِغالٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٧٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بن مَيمونٍ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا الرّياحِىُّ يَعنِى عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ الوَهّاب، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ ابنُ القاسِمِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّة، عن [بُجَيرِ بنِ أبى بُجَيرٍ] (١)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵁-، أنَّهُم كانوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في سَفَرٍ أو مَسيرٍ فمَرّوا بقَبرٍ فقالَ: \"هَدْا قَبرُ أبى رِغالٍ، كان مِن قَومِ ثَمودَ، فلَمّا أهلَكَ اللَّهُ قَومَه بما أهلَكَهُم به مَنَعَه لمكانِه مِنَ الحَرَمِ، فخَرَجَ حَتَّى إذا بَلَع هَذا المَكانَ -أو المَوضِعَ- ماتَ، ودُفِنَ مَعَه غُصنٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ\". فابتَدَرناه فأَخْرَجْناه (^٣).\n\n٧٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بحير بن أبى بحير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٠٨٨). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦١٩٨) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":257},{"text":"حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جَريرِ ابنِ رِياحٍ (^١)، عن أبيه أنَّهُم أصابوا قَبرًا بالمَدائنِ فوَجَدوا فيه رَجُلًا عَلَيه ثيابٌ مَنسوجَةٌ بالذَّهَبِ، ووَجَدوا مَعَه مالًا، فأَتَوا به عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ فكَتَبَ فيه إلَى عُمَرَ، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَيه: أن أعطِهِم ولا تَنزِعْه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا إن وجَدوها في مَواتٍ مَلَكوها وفيها الخُمُسُ، وكأَنَّها لَم تَبلُغْ نِصابًا، أو فوَّضَ ذَلِكَ إلَيهِم ليُخْرِجوه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1722>بابُ ما روىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- في الرِّكازِ</span>\n\n٧٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ: إنِّى وجَدتُ ألفًا وخَمسَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ في خَرِبَةٍ بالسَّوادِ، فقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: أمَا لأقضيَنَّ فيها قَضاءً بَيِّنا؛ إن كُنتَ وجَدتَها في قَريَةٍ تُؤَدِّى خَراجَها قَريَةٌ أُخرَى فهِىَ لأهلِ تِلكَ القَريَةِ، وإِن كُنتَ وجَدتَها في قَريَةٍ لَيسَ تُؤَدِّى خَراجَها قَريَةٌ أُخرَى فلَكَ أربَعَةُ أخماسِه ولَنا الخُمُسُ ثُمَّ الخُمُسُ لَكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"رباح\". وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٤/ ١٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٧٢، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٤١٩ من طريق حنبل به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٣٣٣)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٢٩، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٧١ من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٩١) وسقط منه ذكر سفيان، والشافعى ٢/ ٤٤. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في =","vol":"8","page":258},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد رَوَوْا عن علىٍّ -﵁- بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ أنَّه قال: أربَعَةُ أخماسِه لَكَ، واقسِمِ الخُمُسَ في فُقَراءِ أهلِكَ. وهَذا الحَديثُ أشبَهُ بعَلِىٍّ -﵁-، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال؛ فقَد رَوَى سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَكِّىُّ في كِتابِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرٍ الخَثعَمِىِّ، عن (^٢) رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه يُقالُ له: ابنُ (^٢) حُمَمَةَ قال: سَقَطَتْ علىَّ جَرَّةٌ مِن دَيرٍ قَديمٍ بالكوفَةِ فيها أربَعَةُ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، فذَهَبتُ بها إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ: اقسِمْها خَمسَةَ أخماسٍ. فقَسَمتُها، فأَخَذَ مِنها علىٌّ -﵁- خُمُسًا وأَعطانِى أربَعَةَ أخماسٍ، فلَمّا أدبَرتُ دَعانِى فقالَ: في جيرانِكَ فُقَراءُ ومَساكينُ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: خُذْها فاقسِمْها بَينَهم (^٣).\n\n٧٧٣١ - وأَخبَرَناه الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّقَطِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرٍ الخَثعَمِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه، أنَّ رَجُلًا سَقَطَت عَلَيه جَرَّةٌ مِن دَيرٍ بالكوفَةِ، فأَتَى بها عَليًّا -﵁- فقالَ: اقسِمْها أخماسًا. ثُمَّ قال: خُذْ مِنها أربَعَةَ أخماسٍ ودَعْ واحِدًا.\n_________\n= الأموال (٨٧٦) عن سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^١) الشافعى ٢/ ٩٣.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٣٩٢) عن سعيد به. وأخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢١٩ من طريق عبد الله بن بشر به.","vol":"8","page":259},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: في حَيِّكَ فُقَراءُ ومَساكينُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: خُذْها فاقسِمْها بينَهم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1723>بابُ ما يقولُ المُصَدِّقُ إذا أخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ لِمَن أخَذَها مِنه</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والصَّلاةُ عَليهم الدُّعاءُ لَهم عِندَ أخذِ الصَّدَقَةِ منهم (^٢).\n\n٧٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا الفَقيه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ يَعقوبَ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أنبأنِى عمرُو ابنُ مُرَّةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إذا أتاه قَومٌ بصَدقَتِهِم قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على آلِ فُلانٍ\". وأَتاه أبى بصدَقَتِه فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ على آلِ أبى أوفَى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عُمَرَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى الوَليدِ قال: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى وكانَ مِن أصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ، أنَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا أتاه قَومٌ بصدَقَتِهِم قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَيهِم\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فيهم\".\nوالأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٩٢). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٠٤ من طريق سفيان به. وسمى الرجل ابن حميد.\n(^٢) الشافعى ٢/ ٦٠.","vol":"8","page":260},{"text":"بَعده (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابى عُمرَ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ وجَماعَةٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّىُّ. قال (^٣): وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه بَعَثَ إلَى رَجُلٍ فبَعَثَ إلَيه بفَصيلٍ مَخلولٍ (^٤) فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"جاءَه مُصَدِّق اللَّهِ ومُصَدِّق رسولِه فبَعَثَ بفَصيلٍ مَخلولٍ، اللَّهُمَّ لا تُبارِكْ (^٥) فيه ولا في إبِلِه\". فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ فبَعَثَ إلَيه بناقَةٍ مِن حُسنِها وجَمالِها فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَلَغ فُلانًا ما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فبَعَثَ بناقَةٍ مِن حُسنِها، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ فيه وفِى إبِلِه\" (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1724>بابُ تَركِ التَّعَدِّى على النّاسِ في الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\nقَد روّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال لمعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ مُصَدِّقًا:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٩١٣)، وسيأتى في (١٣٢٥٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٩٧)، ومسلم (١٠٧٨).\n(^٣) أى: أبو عبد الله الحاكم شيخ المصنف.\n(^٤) فصيل مخلول: الفصيل هو ما فصل عن أمه من أولاد الإبل، وقد يقال في البقر، والمخلول: أى المهزول، وهو الذى جعل على أنفه خلال لئلا يرضع أمه فتُهزل. النهاية ٢/ ٧٣، ٣/ ٤٥١.\n(^٥) بعده في ص ٣: \"له\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٧٤) من طريق أبى عاصم به. والنسائى (٢٤٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":261},{"text":"\"إيّاكَ وكَرائمَ أموالِهِم\" (^١). وروّينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مَرفوعًا: \"المُعتَدِى في الصَّدَقَةِ كَمانِعِها\" (^٢). وذَلِكَ يَحتَمِلُ هَذا، ورُوّينا حَديثَ قُرَّةَ بنِ دُعْموصٍ وسُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ (^٣)، وفِى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على ما تَضَمَّنَ هَذا البابُ.\n\n٧٧٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عباسِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عاصمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه ساعيًا، فقالَ أبوه: لا تَخرُجْ حَتَّى تُحدِثَ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَهدًا. فلَمّا أرادَ الخُروجَ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا قَيسُ، لا تأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبتِكَ بَعيرٌ له رُغاءٌ، أو بَقَرَةٌ لَها خُوارٌ، أو شاةٌ لَها يُعارٌ، ولا تَكُنْ كأَبِى رِغالٍ\". فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وما أبو رِغالٍ؟ قال: \"مُصدِّقٌ بَعَثَه صالِحٌ فوَجَدَ رَجُلًا بالطائفِ في غُنَيمَة قَريبَةٍ مِن المائَةِ شِصاصٍ (^٤) إلَّا شاةً واحِدَةً، وابنٌ صَغيرٌ لا أُمَّ له، فلَبَنُ تِلكَ الشّاةِ عَيشُه، فقالَ صاحِبُ الغَنَمِ: مَن أنتَ؟ قال: أنا رسولُ رسولِ اللَّهِ. فرَحَّبَ وقالَ: هذه غَنَمِى فخُذْ أيَّما أحبَبتَ. فنَظَرَ إلَى الشّاةِ اللَّبونِ فقالَ: هذه. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: هَذا الغُلامُ كما تَرَى لَيسَ له طَعامٌ ولا شَرابٌ غَيرَها. فقالَ: إن كُنتَ تُحِبُّ اللَّبَنَ فأَنا أُحِبُّه. فقالَ: خُذْ شاتَينِ مَكانَها. فلَم يَزَلْ يَزيدُه ويَبذُلُ حَتَّى بَذَلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٥٢).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٥٦، ٧٣٥٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريج الحديثين في (٧٣٨٠ - ٧٣٨٤).\n(^٤) يقال: شصت الناقة، إذا ذهب لبنها. غريب الحديث لابن سلام ٣/ ٢٧٢.","vol":"8","page":262},{"text":"له خَمسَ شياهٍ شِصاصٍ مَكانَها، فأَبَى عَلَيه، فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ عَمَدَ إلَى قَوسه فرَماه فقَتَلَه، وقالَ: ما يَنبغِى لأحَدٍ أن يأتِيَ رسولَ اللَّهِ بهَذا الخَبَرِ أحَدٌ قَبلى. فأَتَى صاحِبُ الغَنَمِ صالِحًا النَّبِىَّ فأَخبَرَه فقالَ صالِحٌ: اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ أبا رِغالٍ، اللَّهُمَّ العَنْ أبا رِغالٍ\". فقالَ سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أعْفِ قَيسًا مِنَ السِّعايَةِ (^١).\n\n٧٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: مُرَّ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- بغَنَمٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فرأَى فيها شاةً حافِلًا ذاتَ ضَرعٍ عَظيمٍ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما هذه الشّاةُ؟ فقالوا: شاةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما أعطَى هذه أهلُها وهُم طائعِونَ، لا تَفتِنوا النّاسَ، لا تأخُذوا حَزَراتِ (^٢) المُسلِمينَ، نَكِّبوا عن الطَّعامِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٨، ٣٩٩. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٧٢) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به، وفيه: عن ابن عباس بن عبد الله. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥١٧: فيه إرسال بين عاصم وقيس.\n(^٢) الحزَرات: جمع حزْرة، وهى خيار المال. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) نكِّبوا عن الطعام: يريد الأكولة وذوات اللبن ونحوهما: أي أعرضوا عنها ولا تأخذوها في الزكاة ودعوها لأهلها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٠، ٢/ ١٢، والنهاية ٥/ ١١٢.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٩٤)، وفى الصغرى (١٣١٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ٥٦، ومالك ١/ ٢٦٧.","vol":"8","page":263},{"text":"٧٧٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى رَجُلانِ مِن أشجَعَ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ الأنصارِىَّ -﵁- كان يأتيهِم مُصَدِّقًا فيَقولُ لِرَبِّ المالِ: أخرِجْ إلَىَّ صَدَقَةَ مالِكَ. فلا يَقودُ إلَيه شاةً فيها وفاءٌ مِن حَقَّه إلَّا قَبِلَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1725>بابُ غُلولِ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n٧٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَميرَةَ الكِندِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقول (^٢) \"مَنِ استَعمَلناه مِنكُم على عَمَلِنا [فكَتَمَنا مِنه] (^٣) مِخْيَطًا (^٤) فما فوقَه كان غُلولًا يأتِى به يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قالَ: فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ أسوَدُ مِنَ الأنصارِ كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اقبَلْ عَنِّى عَمَلَكَ. قال: \"وما\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٢/ ٥٧. وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٨٥) بالإسناد الأول.\n(^٢) في س: \"قال\".\n(^٣) في س: \"فكتم منا\"، وفى ص ٣: \"فكتمتا\".\n(^٤) المخيط: الإبرة. غريب الحديث لأبى الجوزى ٢/ ٣٤٧.","vol":"8","page":264},{"text":"لَكَ؟ \". قال: سَمِعتُكَ تَقولُ كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"وأَنا أقولُه الآنَ، مَنِ استَعمَلناه مِنكُم على عَمَلٍ فليَجِئْ بقَليلِه وكَثيرِه، فما أُمِرَ مِنه أخَذَ وما نُهِىَ عنه انتَهَى\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُبادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه على الصَّدَقَةِ فقالَ: \"يا أبا الوَليدِ اتَّقِ، لا تأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ ببَعيرٍ تَحمِلُه له رُغاءٌ، أو بَقَرَةٍ لَها خوارٌ، أو شاةٍ لَها ثُؤاجٌ (^٣) \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ ذَلِكَ لَكائنٌ؟ قال: \"إى والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، إنَّ ذَلِكَ لَكَذَلِكَ إلَّا مَن رَحِمَ اللَّهُ\". قال: فوالَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أعمَلُ على شَئٍ أبَدًا. أو قال: على اثنَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1726>بابُ الهَديَّةِ لِلوالِى بسَبَبِ الولايَةِ</span>\n\n٧٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (١٣١٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧١٩) عن وكيع به بنحوه. وأحمد (١٧٧١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٠٧٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٣٣/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) الثؤاج: صوت النعجة. الفائق ١/ ١٦٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ١٩٣ من طريق ابن أبى عمر به. والحمدى (٨٩٥) من طريق سفيان به بدون ذكر عبادة. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥١٨: فيه إرسال.","vol":"8","page":265},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيان ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- استَعمَلَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأزدِ على الصَّدَقَةِ يُقالُ له: ابنُ اللُّتبيَّةِ. فلَمّا جاءَه قال لِلنَبِىِّ -ﷺ-: هَذا لَكُم وهَذا أُهدِىَ لِى. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على المِنبَرِ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه وقالَ: \"ما بالُ العامِلِ نَستعَمِلُه على بَعضِ العَمَلِ مِن أعمالِنا فيَجِئُ فيَقولُ: هَذا لَكُم وهَذا أُهدِىَ لِى؟! أفَلا جَلَسَ في بَيتِ أبيه أو بَيتِ أُمِّه فيَنظُرَ هَل يُهدَى له شَيءٌ أم لا؟! والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لا يأتِى أحَدٌ مِنكُم مِنها بشَئٍ إلَّا جاءَ به يَومَ القيامَةِ يَحمِلُه على رَقَبَتِه؛ إن كان بَعيرًا له رُغاءٌ، أو بَقَرَةً لَها خُوارٌ، أو شاةً تَيعَرُ (^١) \". ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيه حَتَّى رأَيتُ عُفرَةَ إبطَيه (^٢) فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) تيعر: تصيح، واليعار صوت الشاة. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٣٥.\n(^٢) العفرة: البياض، وليس بالبياض الناصع الشديد، ولكنه لون الأرض. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٩٨)، وأبو داود (٢٩٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٩) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى في (١٣٣٠٢)، وفى (٢٠٥٠٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٧١٧٤)، ومسلم (١٨٣٢/ ٢٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه الحميدى (٨٤٠) عن سفيان به. والبخارى (٦٩٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٠)، وابن حبان (٤٥١٥) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.","vol":"8","page":266},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٧٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ صَفوانَ الجُمَحِىُّ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصُّوفِىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما خالَطَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ مالًا إلَّا أهلَكَته\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُخالِطُ الصَّدَقَةُ مالًا إلَّا أهلَكَته\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: لا أعلَمُ أنَّه رَواه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ غَيرُه.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٣٢/ ٢٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣١٨)، وفى المعرفة (٢٤٠٠)، والشافعى ٢/ ٥٩، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢١٤. وأخرجه الحميدى (٢٣٧) عن محمد بن عثمان به.","vol":"8","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1727>جِماعُ أبوابِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى (١٤) وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى (١٥)﴾ [الأعلى: ١٤، ١٥].\n\n٧٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السوسِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو حَمّادٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى (١٤) وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى (١٥)﴾ في زَكاةِ رَمَضانَ (^١).\n\n٧٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ ياسينَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ المُسَيَّبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن قَولِه: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى (١٤) وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى (١٥)﴾. قال: \"هِىَ زَكاةُ الفِطرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حَدَّثَنِى شَيخٌ مِن بَنِى سَعدٍ، عن أبى العاليَةِ: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى (١٤)﴾ قال: يُعطِى صَدَقَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحسين بن يحيى الشجرى في الأمالى الخميسية ٢/ ٥٤ من طريق يونس بن عبيد عن نافع به ولفظه: في صدقة الفطر.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٤٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٢٠) من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥١٩: إسناده واه.","vol":"8","page":268},{"text":"الفِطرِ، ثُمَّ يُصلِّى (^١).\nورُوّيناه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ وغَيرِهِما مِنَ التّابِعينِ ﵃ أجمَعينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1728>بابُ مَن قال: زَكاةُ الفِطر فريضَة</span>\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبى العاليَةِ وعَطاءٍ وابنِ سيرينَ (^٣)\n\n٧٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو ذَرٍّ محمدُ بنُ أبى الحُسَينِ ابنِ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، على كُلِّ حُرٍّ وعَبدٍ صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\nوأَمّا الَّذِى روىَ عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ في ذَلِكَ:\n\n٧٧٤٦ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في فضائل الأوقات عقب (١٤٥). وعزاه السيوطى في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٣٧١ إلى عبد بن حميد والمصنف.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٢/ ٣٦٧، والدر المنثور ١٥/ ٣٧٠، ٣٧١.\n(^٣) ذكره البخارى قبل (١٥٠٣) معلقا، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٨٥٢) عن أبى العالية وابن سيرين.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٨١) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وسيأتى في (٧٧٥٠ - ٧٧٥٣).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥١٢)، ومسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٣).","vol":"8","page":269},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن أبى عَمّارٍ قال: سأَلنا قَيسَ بنَ سَعدٍ عن صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ فقالَ: أمَرَنا بها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الزَّكاةُ، فلَمّا نَزَلَتِ الزَّكاةُ لَم يأمُرْنا ولَم يَنهَنا ونَحنُ نَفعَلُه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لا يَدُلُّ على سُقوطِ فرضِها؛ لأنَّ نُزولَ فرضٍ لا يُوجِبُ سُقوطَ آخَرَ، وقَد أجمَعَ أهلُ العِلمِ على وُجوبِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ وإِنِ اختَلَفوا في تَسميَتِها فرضًا، فلا يَجوزُ تَركُها، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1729>بابُ إخراجِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ عن نَفسِه وغَيِره ممَّن تَلزَمَه مُؤنَتُه؛ مِن أولادِه، وآبائِه، وأُمَّهاتِه، ورَقيقِه الَّذينَ اشتَراهُم لِلتِّجارَةِ أو لِغَيِرها، وزَوجاتِهِ</span>\n\n٧٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى سَرحٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: كُنّا نُخرِجُ إذْ كان فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو مَملوكٍ، صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن زَبيبٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٤٣)، والنسائى (٢٥٠٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٩٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٢٠: اسم أبى عمار: عَرِيب بن حميد الهمدانى.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٨٢)، والنسائى (١٥١٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٠٨) من طريق داود بن قيس به بنحوه. وسيأتى في (٧٧٧٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٥/ ١٨).","vol":"8","page":270},{"text":"٧٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبَرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أَبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لَيسَ في العَبدِ صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رِشدينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ ابنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا صَدَقَهً على الرَّجُلِ في فرَسِه وفِى عبدِه إلَّا زَكاةَ الفِطرِ\" (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ فقالَ في الحديث: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمِ في عبدِه ولا فرَسِه صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا صدَقَةَ الفِطرِ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بن عبدانَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٢/ ١٠).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٢٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٧٢) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٨) عن محمد بن سهل به.","vol":"8","page":271},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، عن كُلِّ كَبيرٍ أو صَغيرٍ، أو حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ (^١). كذا قالوا: عن كُلِّ صَغيرٍ.\n\n٧٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه فرَضَ صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ أو تَمرٍ، عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ، والحُرِّ والمَملوكِ (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى: عن الصَّغيرِ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عباسٌ النَّرسِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ، ورَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى فقالَ: على. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ في الحديث: عَلَى (^٣).\n\n٧٧٥٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بصَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في معجمه ١/ ١٢٦ (٢٣٧) من طريق محمد بن عبيد بنحوه. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٧٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٠٣) من طريق يحيى به، ولفظهما: على الصغير ...\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥١٢)، ومسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٣).","vol":"8","page":272},{"text":"فعَدَلَه النّاسُ بمُدَّينٍ مِن قَمحٍ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وحدَه قال: عن كُلِّ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ -أو قال: رَمَضانَ- على الذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى، والحُرِّ والمَملوكِ، صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، فعَدَلَ النّاسُ به نِصفَ صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ. قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُعطِى التَّمرَ فأَعوَزَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ مِنَ التَّمرِ فأَعطَى شَعيرًا، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُعطِى عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ حَتَّى إن كان ليُعطِى عن بَنِى نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ. لَم يَشُكَّ، وقالَ: مِنَ التَّمرِ عامًا. وزادَ قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يُعطيها إذا قَعَدَ الَّذينَ يَقبَلونَها، وكانوا يَقعُدونَ قَبلَ الفِطرِ يَومًا أو يَومَينِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ (^٥). ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن أيّوبَ فقالَ: على الحُرِّ والعَبدِ، والذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٠٩) من طريق قبيصة به، بدون ذكر يحيى بن سعيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١٧٠٣) من طريق سفيان به، بلفظ: حر وعبد.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦١٥) من طريق حماد به بشطره الأخير.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (٦٧٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٠٠) من طريق حماد به بدون ذكر الزيادة.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥١١).\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.","vol":"8","page":273},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ والضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ عن نافِعٍ (^١).\n\n٧٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُخرِجُ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن غِلمانِه الَّذينَ بوادِى القُرَى وخَيبَرَ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٥٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ المُسَيَّبِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يُؤَدِّى زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ مَملوكٍ له في أرضِه وغَيرِ أرضِه، وعن كُلِّ إنسانٍ كان يَعولُه صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، وعن رَقيقِ امرأَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ على الحُرِّ والعَبدِ، والذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى، ممَّن تَمونونَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى من طريق مالك في (٧٧٦٢)، ومن طريق الضحاك بن عثمان في (٧٧٦٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٠٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦٤، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٢٢٠) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به وليس فيه: عن رقيق امرأته. والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤١ من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٤) تمونون: تعولون. النهاية ٣/ ٣٢١.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٠٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ٦٢.","vol":"8","page":274},{"text":"ورَواه حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على كُلِّ صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، ممَّن يَمونونَ، صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن زَبيبٍ، عن كُلِّ إنسانٍ.\n\n٧٧٥٨ - وهو فيما أجازَ لى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى الوَليدِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ عبدانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا النُّفَيلىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه، وهو مُرسَلٌ (^١).\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن علىِّ بنِ موسَى الرِّضا، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن آبائِه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٧٧٥٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أبى الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: مَن جَرَت عَلَيه نَفَقَتُكَ فأَطعِمْ عنه نِصفَ صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ (^٣).\nوَهَذا مَوقوفٌ. وعَبدُ الأعلَى غَيرُ قَوىٍّ (^٤)، إلَّا أنَّه إذا انضَمَّ إلَى ما قَبلَه\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٤٠٢) عن حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٠ من طريق على بن موسى به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٥٢، وعبد الرزاق (٥٧٧٣).\n(^٤) هو عبد الأعلى بن عامر الثعلبى الكوفى والد عبد الأعلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٧١، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٣/ ٥٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٥، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٥٥، =","vol":"8","page":275},{"text":"قَويا فيما اجتَمَعا فيهِ.\n\n٧٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ الهَمَذانِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا عُمَيرُ بنُ عَمّارٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا الأبيَضُ ابنُ الأغَرِّ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بصَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ، والحُرِّ والعَبدِ، ممِّن تَمونونَ (^٣). إسنادُه غَيرُ قَوىٍّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1730>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُؤَدِّى عن مُكاتَبِهِ</span>\n\n٧٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ (^٥) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا قَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٦)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يُؤَدِّى زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ مَملوكٍ له في أرضِه وغَيرِ أرضِه، وعن كُلِّ إنسانٍ يَعولُه مِن صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، وعن رَقيقِ\n_________\n= وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢١٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٣٥٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٦٤: صدوق.\n(^١) في س: \"الهمدانى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦١٢.\n(^٢) في م: \"الهمذانى\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٤) إلى هنا ينتهى الموجود من النسخة ص ٣، وتبدأ بعدها النسخة ص ٤.\n(^٥) بعده في ص ٤: \"بن\".\n(^٦) في ص ٤: \"عبدان\".","vol":"8","page":276},{"text":"امرأتِه، وكانَ له مُكاتَبٌ بالمَدينَةِ فكانَ لا يُؤَدِّى عَنه.\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ قال: كان لابنِ عُمَرَ مُكاتَبانِ فلا يُعطِى عَنهُما الزَّكاةَ يَومَ الفِطرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1731>بابُ الكافِرِ يَكونُ فيمَن يَمونُ فلا يُؤَدِّى عنه زَكاةَ الفِطرِ</span>\n\n٧٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ ابنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ مِن رَمَضانَ على النّاسِ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، على كُلِّ حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، مِنَ المسلمينَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ السَّكَنِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٤٤١) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٠١)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦٢، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٦١١)، والترمذى (٦٧٦)، والنسائى (٢٥٠٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٩٩)، وابن حبان (٣٣٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٠٤)، ومسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٢).","vol":"8","page":277},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ السَّكَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَهضَمٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: فرَضَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- زَكاةَ الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، على (^١) الحُرِّ والعَبدِ، والذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى، والصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ، مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ [بأَداءِ زَكاةِ] (^٢) الفِطرِ قَبلَ خُروجِ الناسِ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ محمدِ بنِ السَّكَنِ (^٤).\n\n٧٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ بحِمصَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٥)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ مِن رَمَضانَ على كُلِّ نَفسٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، رَجُل أو امرأَةٍ، صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلَّا أنَّ في حَديثِ أبى عُتبَةَ: عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"بزكاة\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٦١٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٥٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٠٣) من طريق يحيى بن محمد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٥٠٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"مسلمة\".","vol":"8","page":278},{"text":"كُلِّ نَفسٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا (^٣) علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ فرقَدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ على كُلِّ عبدٍ وحُرٍّ مِنَ المُسلِمين، صاعٌ مِن تَمْرٍ، أو صاعٌ مِن شَعيرٍ\".\n\n٧٧٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلْدِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ بنِ رِشدينٍ الفِهرِىُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"زَكاةُ الفِطرِ فرضٌ على كُلِّ مسلمٍ، حُرٍّ وعَبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ وأُنثَى، مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، صاعٌ مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعٌ مِن شَعيرٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٧٢)، وفضائل الأوقات (١٤٨) بالإسناد الأول. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٣٠٢) من طريق محمد بن رافع به. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٩٨) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٦).\n(^٣) من هنا خرم في النسخة ص ٤ إلى قوله: في الصحيح عن يحيى بن يحيى. في ص ٢٨٣ قبل حديث (٧٧٧٤).\n(^٤) الحاكم- كما في تلخيص المستدرك ١/ ٤١٠ بذكر الإسناد دون المتن، وقد سقط الحديث من المستدرك. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٠ من طريق ابن رشدين به.","vol":"8","page":279},{"text":"الخَولانِىُّ، وكانَ شَيخَ صِدقٍ وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ يُحَدِّثُ عنه، حدثنا سَيّارُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الصَّدَفِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَكاةَ الفِطرِ طُهرَةً لِلصّيامِ مِنَ اللَّغو والرَّفَثِ، وطُعمَةً لِلمَساكينِ، مَن أدّاها قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ فهِىَ زَكاةٌ مَقبولَةٌ، ومَن أدّاها بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ فهِىَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقاتِ (^١). كَذا قاله شَيخُنا.\n\n٧٧٦٨ - والصَّحيحُ ما أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السَّمَرقَندِىُّ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: حدثنا أبو يَزيدَ الخَولانِىُّ، كان شَيخَ صِدقٍ، وكانَ ابنُ وهبٍ يَروى عنه (^٢).\nوهَكَذا ذَكَرَه عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ الخَلَّالُ عن مَروانَ. وذَكَرَه أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ في \"الكُنَى\" ولَم يَعرِفِ اسمَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1732>بابُ وقتِ وُجوبِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ</span>\n\n٧٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦٠٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٢٧) من طريق مروان بن محمد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٢٠).\n(^٣) ينظر المقتنى في سرد الكنى للذهبى ٢/ ١٥٦. وقال ابن حجر في التهذيب ١٢/ ٢٧٩، ٢٨٠: ذكره أبو أحمد الحاكم فيمن لا يعرف اسمه، وأغرب الحاكم أبو عبد الله فأخرج الحديث في \"مستدركه\" من طريق مروان بن محمد عن يزيد بن مسلم الخولانى. كذا سماه: يزيد بن مسلم، والمعروف أنه أبو يزيد.","vol":"8","page":280},{"text":"القاضى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ على النّاسِ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ مِن رَمَضانَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، على كُلِّ حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1733>باب مَن قال بوُجوبِها على الغَنِىِّ والفَقيِر إذا قَدَرَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٧٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ ببَعْدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في صَدَقَة الفِطرِ: \"أدّوا صاعًا مِن قَمح أو بُرٍّ على كلِّ ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، أو صَغيرٍ أو فَقيرٍ (^٣)، حُرٍّ أو مَملوكٍ، فأَمّا الغَنِىُّ فيزكّيه اللَّهُ، وأَمّا الفَقيرُ فيَرُدُّ عَلَيه أكثَرَ ممّا أعطاه\" (^٤).\nورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ عن حَمّادٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"صَغيرٍ أو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦١١)، وابن وهب (١٩٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٢)، والبخارى (١٥٠٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"كبير\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٥٣، وعنده: ابن صعير.","vol":"8","page":281},{"text":"كَبيرٍ، غَنِىٍّ أو فقيرٍ\". إلَّا أنَّه قال: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ أو ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ (^١).\nوقالَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ: عن حَمّادٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ، عن أبيه وذَكَرَ في مَتنِه: \"الغَنِىِّ والفَقيرِ\". وقالَ في مَتنِه أيضًا:\"أدّوا صاعًا مِن قَمحٍ -أو قال: بُرٍّ- عن كُلِّ إنسانٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان زَكاةُ الفِطرِ على كُل حُرٍّ وعَبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ وأُنثَى، صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، فقيرٍ وغَنِىٍّ، صاعٌ مِن تَمْرٍ، اْو نِصفُ صاعٍ مِن قَمحٍ. قال مَعمَرٌ: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ الزُّهرِىَّ كان يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: الَّذِى يأخُذُ مِن زَكاةِ الفِطرِ يُؤَدِّى عن نَفسِه (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ (^٥). وبِه (^٦) قال أبو العاليَةِ والشَّعبِىُّ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه في (٧٧٨٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٨ من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٥٧٦١)، وعنه أحمد (٧٧٢٤).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٨١٩).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٥٨٢٠).\n(^٦) في م: \"كذلك\".\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٤/ ٣٥٣.","vol":"8","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1734>بابُ الجِنسِ الَّذِى يَجوزُ إخراجُه في زَكاةِ الفِطرِ</span>\n\n٧٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَدَقَةَ رَمَضانَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، على الذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى، والحُرِّ والمَملوكِ، فعَدَلَ النّاسُ به نِصفَ صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ. فكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُعطِى التَّمرَ، فأَعوَزَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ عامًا عنِ التَّمرِ، فأَعطَى شَعيرًا، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُعطِى إذا قَعَدَ الَّذينَ يَقبَلونَها، وكانوا يَقعُدونَ قَبلَ الفِطرِ يَومًا أو يَومَينِ، وكانَ يُعطِى عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ مِن أهلِه، حَتَّى كان يُعطِى عن بَنِىَّ. يَعنِى بَنِى نافِعٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مُختَصَرًا مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن أيّوبَ (^١).\n\n٧٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى سَرحٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يقولُ: كُنّا نُخرِجُ زَكاةَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٥١١)، ومسلم (٩٨٤/ ١٤). وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٥٣).","vol":"8","page":283},{"text":"الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ، أو صاعًا مِن زَبيبٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ. لَم يَذكُرْ كَلِمَةَ (أو) في هَذا المَوضِعِ، وذَكَرَها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ (^٢) في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ على لَفظِ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، فزادَ في الحديث: كُنّا نُعطِى زَكاةَ الفِطرِ في زَمَنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٧٧٧٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه مَعَ هذه الزّيادَةِ دونَ ذِكرِ الزَّبيبِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ العَدَنِىِّ عن الثَّورِىِّ بطولِه، وعن قَبيصَةَ عن الثَّورِىِّ مُختَصَرًا (^٥).\nورَواه داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن عياضٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: كُنّا نُخرِجُ إذ (^٦) كان\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٢/ ٦٢، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) إلى هنا نهاية الخرم في ص ٤ المشار إليه في ص ٢٧٨.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٠٦)، ومسلم (٩٨٥/ ١٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٩٨)، والترمذى (٦٧٣)، والنسائى (٢٥١١) من طريق سفيان به، وعندهم بذكر الزبيب.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥٠٥، ١٥٠٨).\n(^٦) في س، ص ٤: \"إذا\".","vol":"8","page":284},{"text":"فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَكاةَ الفِطرِ (^١).\nورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ عن عياضٍ فذَكَرَ أيضًا هذه الزّيادَةَ إلَّا أنَّه اقتَصَرَ على ذِكرِ بَعضِ هذه الأجناسِ (^٢). فثَبَتَ بذَلِكَ رَفعُ الحديث إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، [ولَو لَم يُجزِئْهم] (^٣) ما كانوا يُخرِجونَه مِن هذه الأجناسِ لأخبَرَهُم بذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [بكرُ بنُ] (^٤) محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رَوّادٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان النّاسُ يُخرِجونَ صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو سُلْتٍ أو زَبيبٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1735>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُخرِجُ مِن الحِنطَةِ في صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ إلَّا صاعًا</span>\n\n٧٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىُّ القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٤٧)، وسيأتى في الحديث التالى.\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٩/ ٩٨٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن أمية به.\n(^٣) في س: \"ولم يخبر\".\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"أبو بكر\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦١٤)، والنسائى (٢٥١٥) من طريق ابن أبى رواد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٥١).","vol":"8","page":285},{"text":"الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا داودُ يَعنِى ابنَ قَيسٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كُنّا نُخرِجُ إذ كان فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو مَملوكٍ، صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن زَبيب، فلَم نَزَلْ نُخرِجُه حَتَّى قَدِمَ مُعاويَةُ حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا فكَلَّمَ النّاسَ على المِنبَرِ، فكانَ فيما كَلَّمَ به النّاسَ أن قال: إنِّى أرَى أنَّ مُدَّينِ مِن سَمراءِ الشّامِ (^١) تَعدِلُ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ. فأَخَذَ بذَلِكَ النّاسُ. فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: فأَمّا أنا فلا أزالُ أُخرِجُه كما كُنتُ أُخرِجُه أبَدًا ما عِشتُ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الرَّزّازِ: صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ دونَ كَلِمَةِ (أو) في هَذا المَوضِعِ (^٣)، وقَد أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عياضٍ، وفيه كَلِمَةُ (أو) (^٤).\n\n٧٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ العَدلُ إملاءً، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا -علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضِى\n_________\n(^١) سمراء الشام: الحنطة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٦١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦١٦) وعنده \"أو\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٥/ ١٨) وعنده \"أو\".\n(^٤) البخارى (١٥٠٦)، ومسلم (٩٨٥/ ١٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٧٣).","vol":"8","page":286},{"text":"الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ المَحامِلِىُّ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سَرحٍ قال: قال أبو سعيدٍ وذَكَروا عِندَه صَدَقَةَ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: لا أُخرِجُ إلا ما كُنتُ أُخرِجُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن حِنطَةٍ، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: أو مُدَّينِ مِن قَمحٍ. قال (^١): تِلكَ قيمَةُ مُعاويَةَ، لا أقبَلُها ولا أعمَلُ بها (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ.\n\n٧٧٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّرجُمانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن بُرٍّ، على كُلِّ حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"لا\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال: لا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٧٨)، والمعرفة (٢٤١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٤١١، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤١٩)، وعنه ابن حبان (٣٣٠٦) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأبو داود (١٦١٧) من طريق ابن علية به. وليس عند ابن خزيمة وابن حبان وأبى داود ذكر الحنطة، وقال أبو داود عقب (١٦١٦): وذكر رجل واحد فيه عن ابن علية: أو صاع حنطة. وليس بمحفوظ. وكذا قال ابن خزيمة عقب الحديث.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٠، ٤١١. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٣٩)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٤، ١٤٥ من طريق سعيد بن عبد الرحمن الجمحى به. وعند أحمد بدون ذكر البر، وعند الحاكم والدارقطنى: عبد الله بن عمر. =","vol":"8","page":287},{"text":"كَذا قالَه سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِىُّ، وذِكرُ البُرِّ فيه لَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n٧٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُزَيزٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُزَيزٍ الأيْلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى سَلَامَةُ بنُ رَوحٍ، عن عُقَيلِ ابنِ خالِدٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- يأمُرُ بزَكاةِ الفِطرِ فيَقولُ: هِىَ صاعٌ مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعٌ مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعٌ مِن حِنطَةٍ أو سُلْتٍ أو زَبيبٍ (^١). هَذا حَديثُ أبى بكرٍ، ولَم يَذكُرْ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ في إسنادِه عُتبَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورُوىَ ذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، والموقوفُ أصَحُّ.\n\n٧٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رَجاءٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يَخطُبُ على المِنبَرِ وهو يقولُ في صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ: صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ (^٣). هَذا هو الصحيج مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n= بدلًا من: عبيد الله بن عمر. وفى سنن الدارقطنى طبعة الرسالة: عبيد الله بن عمر. كما هنا.\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٩، والحاكم ١/ ٤١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٩، والحاكم ١/ ٤١١ من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش عن أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٢٥٠٩) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"8","page":288},{"text":"٧٧٨١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أدّوا صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ\". يَعنِى في الفِطرِ (^١).\n\n٧٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَينا ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: ﴿بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ﴾ [الحجرات: ١١]: صَدَقَةُ الفِطرِ صاعٌ صاعٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ البصرِىِّ في زَكاةِ رَمَضانَ: على مَن صامَ صاعُ تَمرٍ أو صاعُ بُرٍّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ١٢ من طريق محمد بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٤٥٥) عن أبى داود به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٤١٥) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به وفيه: أو نصف صاع بر.","vol":"8","page":289},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1736>بابُ مَن قال: يُخرِجُ مِنَ الحِنطَةِ في صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ نِصفَ صاعٍ</span>\n\n٧٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"صاعٌ مِن بُرٍّ أو قَمحٍ، عن كُلِّ اثنَينِ، صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، أمّا غَنيُّكُم فيُزَكّيه اللَّهُ، وأَمّا فقيرُكُم فيَرُدُّ عَلَيه أكثَرَ ممّا أعطَى\" (^١).\n\n٧٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وقالَ في رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ أو ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى صُعَيرٍ، عن أبيه. قال: وزادَ سُلَيمانُ في حَديثِه: \"غَنِىٍّ أو فقيرٍ\" (^٢).\nوروىَ ذَلِكَ عن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ الكوفِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ ابنِ صُعَيرٍ عن أبيه، وقيلَ عنه: ثَعلَبَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا. وقيلَ عنه في ذَلِكَ: \"عن كُلِّ رأسٍ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ في حَديثِ النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، وقيلَ في القَمحِ خاصَّةً: \"عن كُلِّ اثنَينِ\". فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال الزُّهرِىُّ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ: خَطَبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٤١١) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٦٤) من طريق حماد ابن زيد به. وتقدم في (٧٧٧٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦١٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٠) من طريق بكر بن وائل به.","vol":"8","page":290},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ في القَمحِ: \"بَينَ اثنَينِ\" (^١). وحْالَفَهُم مَعمَرٌ فرَواه عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ الزُّهرِىَّ كان يَرفَعُه (^٢).\nقال أحمدُ: وقالَ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ في كِتابِ \"العلل\": إنَّما هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ، وإِنَّما هو: \"عن كُلِّ رأسٍ، أو كُلِّ إنسانٍ\". هَكَدْا رِوايَةُ بكرِ ابنِ وائلٍ، لَم يُقِمْ هَذا الحديثَ غَيرُه، قَد أصابَ الإِسنادَ والمَتنَ. ورَواه عن أبى سلمةَ عن هَمّامٍ عن بكرٍ بنِ وائلٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أيّوبُ (^٤) بنُ موسَى، أنَّ نافِعًا أخبَرَه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنه قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ في زَكاةِ الفِطرِ بنِصفِ صاعٍ مِن حِنطَةٍ، أو صاعٍ مِن تَمرٍ (^٥). وهَذا لا يَصحُّ، وكَيفَ يَكونُ ذَلِكَ صَحيحًا ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ تَعديلَ الصّاعِ بمُدَّينِ مِن حِنطَةٍ كان بَعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٦)؟!\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٦٣)، وأبو داود (١٦٢١) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٢٨).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤١٠) عن محمد بن يحيى الذهلى به. وينظر تنقيح التحقيق ٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، ومختصر الذهبى، وفى مصدر التخريج: \"سليمان\". وكلاهما يروى عن نافع، ويروى عنهما ابن جريج. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٤٩٤، ١٢/ ٩٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٤٥ من طريق أبى الأزهر به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه (٧٧٥٢).","vol":"8","page":291},{"text":"٧٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: خَطَبَنا ابنُ عباسٍ بالبَصرَةِ في آخِرِ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: أدُّوا صَدَقَةَ صَومِكُم. فكأنَّ النّاسَ لَم يَعلَموا فقالَ: مَن ههنا مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ؟ عَلِّموا إخوانكُم فإِنَّهُم لا يَعلَمونَ، فرَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هذه الصَّدَقَةَ على كُلَّ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ، ذَكَرٍ وأُنثَى، حُرٍّ وعَبدٍ، صاعَ تَمرٍ، أو صاعَ شَعيرٍ، أو نِصفَ صاعِ قَمحٍ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ علىٌّ -﵁- ورأى رُخصَ الشَّعيرِ قال: لَو جَعَلتُموه صاعًا مِن كُلِّ شَئ؟ قال: وكانَ الحَسَنُ يَراها على مَن صامَ.\nكَذا قال: خَطَبَنا. ورَواه محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى عن سَهلِ بنِ يوسُفَ فقالَ: خَطَبَ (^١). وهو أصَحُّ؛ فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ المدينِىَّ وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في زَكاةِ الفِطرِ فقالَ: حَديثٌ بَصرِىٌّ وإِسنادُه مُرسَلٌ. قال: وقالَ علىٌّ: الحَسَنُ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن ابنِ عباسٍ وما رآه قَطُّ؛ كان بالمَدينَةِ أيّامَ كان ابنُ عباسٍ على البَصرَةِ. قال: وقالَ لِى علىٌّ في حَديثِ الحَسَنِ: خَطَبَنا ابنُ عباسٍ بالبَصرَةِ. إنَّما هو كَقَولِ ثابِتٍ: قَدِمَ عَلَينا عِمرانُ بنُ حُصينٍ. ومِثلُ قَولِ مُجاهِدٍ: خَرَجَ عَلَينا علىٌّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٢) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (٣٢٩١)، والنسائى (١٥٧٩) من طريق حميد به، وعند أحمد والنسائى بدون ذكر قول علىٍّ. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٥٦).","vol":"8","page":292},{"text":"وكَقَولِ الحَسَنِ: إنَّ سُراقَةَ بنَ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ حَدَّثَهُم. الحَسَنُ لَم يَسمَعْ مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ: حَديثُ الحَسَنِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُرسَلٌ. وقَد رُوّينا عن أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ سَماعًا مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ في هذه الخُطبَةِ في صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ: صاعٌ مِن طَعامٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٧٨٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُمِرنا أن نُعطِىَ صَدَقَةَ رَمَضانَ عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ، والحُرِّ والمَملوكِ، صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، ومَن أدَّى بُرًّا قُبِلَ مِنه، ومَن أدَّى شَعيرًا قُبِلَ مِنه، ومَن أدَّى زَبيبًا قُبِلَ مِنه، ومَن أدَّى سُلْتًا قُبلَ مِنه. قال: وأَحسِبُه قال: ومَن أدَّى دَقيقًا قُبِلَ مِنه، ومَن أدَّى سَويقًا قُبِلَ مِنه (^٣). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ. محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ شَيئًا إلَّا أنَّه يُوافِقُ حَديثَ أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ المَوصولَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فهو أولَى أن يَكونَ صحيحًا، وما شَكَّ فيه الرّاوى ولا شاهِدَ له فلا اعتِدادَ به، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٧٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرمَوىُّ، أخبرَنا شافِعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) علل ابن المدينى ص ٥١، ٦٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في المراسيل ص ٣٣ عن محمد بن أحمد بن البراء.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٨٠).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٤٤. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤١٥) من طريق هشام به مختصرا.","vol":"8","page":293},{"text":"محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الطَّحاوىُّ، حدثنا المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ حَسّانَ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ بنِ خالِدٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ مُدَّينِ مِن حِنطَةٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: حَديثُ مُدَّينِ خَطأٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال، فالأخبارُ الثّابِتَةُ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ التَّعديلَ بمُدَّينِ كان بَعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ورُوّينا في جَوازِ نِصفِ صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ في صَدَقَةِ الفِطرِ عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ، وعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأَبِى هريرةَ، وفِى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن علىٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵃- (^٢). قال ابنُ المُنذِرِ: لا يَثبُتُ ذَلِكَ عن أبى بكرٍ وعُثمانَ -﵄-.\nقال الشيخُ: هو عن أبى بكرٍ مُنقَطِعٌ، وعن عثمانَ مَوصولٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، وقَد ورَدَت أخبارٌ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ، ووَرَدَت أخبارٌ في نِصفِ صاعٍ، ولا يَصِحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ، قَد بَيَّنتُ (^٣) عِلَّةَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنها في \"الخلافيات\" (^٤)، ورُوّينا في حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وفِى الحديث الثّابِتِ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى في السنن المأثورة ص ٣٣. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٢٠، ١٢١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٣/ ٣١١ - ٣١٦، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٤٢٩، ١٠٤٣٠، ١٠٤٣٦،\n١٠٤٣٧، ١٠٤٤٤، ١٠٤٤٧)، وشرح معانى الآثار ٢/ ٤٦، ٤٧، وسنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٥١، ١٥٢.\n(^٣) في س: \"ثبتت\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"نبهت\".\n(^٤) مختصر الخلافيات ٢/ ٤٩١، ٤٩٣.","vol":"8","page":294},{"text":"عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ تَعديلَ مُدَّينِ مِن بُرٍّ، وهو نِصفُ صاعٍ، بصاعٍ مِن شَعيرٍ، وقَعَ بَعدَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1737>بابُ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ إنَّما تَجِبُ صاعًا بصاعِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وأَنَّ الاعتِبارَ في ذَلِكَ بصاعِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ الَّذى كانوا يَقتاتونَ بهِ</span>\n\n٧٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حامِدٍ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حِبالٍ (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أُمِّه أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّها حَدَّثَته أنَّهُم كانوا يُخرِجونَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمُدِّ الَّذِى يَقتاتُ به أهلُ البَيتِ، أو الصّاعِ الَّذِى يَقتاتُونَ به، يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ كُلُّهُم (^٣).\n\n٧٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَنظَلَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"الميزانُ على\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٧٥٢، ٧٧٧٧، ٧٧٨٦).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٤، م، والمهذب للذهبى ٣/ ١٥٢٧: \"حبان\". وفى حاشية س، ونسخة من م: \"حيان\"، وفى المستدرك: \"جبال\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٠١) من طريق عقيل به. وقال الذهبى في المهذب ٣/ ١٥٢٧: غريب جدًّا.","vol":"8","page":295},{"text":"ميزانِ أهلِ مَكَّةَ، والمِكيالُ مِكيالُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1738>بابُ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ صاعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كان عيارُه خَمسَةَ أرطالٍ وثُلُثًا</span>\n\n٧٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ وأَيّوبَ وحُمَيدٍ وعَبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ به وهو بالحُدَيبيَةِ قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ مَكَّةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ وهو يُوقِدُ تَحتَ قِدرٍ له والقَملُ يَتَهافَتُ على وجهِه فقالَ: \"أتُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ هذه؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فاحلِقْ رأسَكَ وأَطعِمْ فرَقًا بَينَ سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ -والفَرَقُ ثَلاثَةُ آصُعٍ- أو صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو انسُكْ نَسيكَةً\". وقالَ ابنُ أبى نَجيحٍ: \"أو اذبَحْ شاةً\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ وأَيّوبَ وسَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وغَيرِهِم عن مُجاهِدٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٣٠٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤٠)، والنسائى (٢٥١٩) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (٩٥٣) عن ابن أبى عمر به. وابن حبان (٣٩٨٠، ٣٩٨١) من طريق سفيان عن أيوب وابن أبى نجيح به. وأحمد (١٨١٠٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٤١١٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧٨) من طريق أيوب به. وأحمد (١٨١١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٧)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧٩) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به. وسيأتى حديث كعب بن عجرة في (٨٧٧٥، ٩١٦٥، ٩٨٨٠، ٩٩٩١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٣)، والبخارى (١٨١٤، ١٨١٥، ١٨١٧، ١٨١٨، ٤١٩٠، ٤١٩١، ٥٦٦٥، ٦٧٠٨).","vol":"8","page":296},{"text":"٧٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ فيما قُرِئَ عَلَيه مِن كِتابٍ مُعارَضٍ بأَصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجستانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: الفَرَقُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ رِطلًا. وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: صاعُ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ خَمسَةُ أرطالٍ وثُلُثٌ. قال: فمَن قال: ثَمانيَةُ أرطالٍ؟ قال: لَيسَ ذاكَ بمَحفوظٍ (^١).\n\n٧٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أحمدَ الحيرِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ: سألَ أبو يوسُفَ مالكًا عِندَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عن الصّاعِ كَم هو رِطلًا؟ قال: السُّنَّةُ عِندَنا أنَّ الصّاعَ لا يُرطَلُ. ففَحَمَه.\nقال أبو أحمدَ: سَمِعتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ الوَليدِ يقولُ: قال أبو يوسُفَ: فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فجَمَعْنا أبناءَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ودَعَوتُ بصاعاتِهِم، فكُلٌّ يُحَدِّثُنِى عن آبائهِم عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّ هَذا صاعُه. فقَدَرتُها فَوَجَدتُها مُستَويَةً، فتَرَكتُ قَولَ أبي حَنيفَةَ ورَجَعتُ إلَى هَذا (^٢).\n\n٧٧٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الوَليدِ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو يوسُفَ مِنَ الحَجِّ فأَتَيناه فقالَ: إنِّي أُريدُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٢٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٢/ ٥١ من طريق بشر بن الوليد عن أبي يوسف بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":297},{"text":"أن أفتَحَ عَلَيكُم بابًا مِنَ العِلمِ هَمَّنِى، تَفَحَّصتُ عنه فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فسألتُ عن الصّاعِ فقالوا: صاعُنا هَذا صاعُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قُلتُ لَهُم: ما حُجَّتُكُم في ذَلِكَ؟ فقالوا: نأتيكَ بالحُجَّةِ عَندَنا (^١). فلَمّا أصبَحتُ أتانِى نَحوٌ مِن خَمسينَ شَيخًا مِن أبناءِ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُمُ الصّاعُ تَحتَ رِدائِه، كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم يُخبِرُ عن أبيه أو أهلِ بَيتِه، أنَّ هَذا صاعُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فنَظَرتُ فإِذا هِىَ سَواءٌ. قال.: فعَيَّرتُه (^٢) فإِذا هو خَمسَةُ أرطالٍ وثُلُثٌ بنُقصانٍ مَعَه يَسيرٍ، فرأَيتُ أمرًا قَويًّا، فقَد تَرَكتُ قَولَ أبي حَنيفَةَ في الصّاعِ وأَخَذتُ بقَولِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ. قال الحُسَينُ: فحَجَجتُ مِن عامِى ذَلِكَ فلَقيتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ فسأَلتُه عن الصّاعِ فقالَ: صاعُنا هَذا صاعُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقُلتُ: كَم رِطلًا هوَ؟ قال: إنَّ المِكيالَ لا يُرطَلُ، هو هَذا. قال الحُسَينُ: فلَقِيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أبي عن جَدِّي، أنَّ هَذا صاعُ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n٧٧٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الحسنِ (^٤) الخُسرَوجِرْدِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ سَعدٍ الجَلَّابَ يقولُ: سأَلتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أبي أوَيسٍ بالمَدينَةِ عن صاعِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"غدا\".\n(^٢) في م: \"فعايرته\". وعيَّرت المكيال والميزان وعايرته: امتحنته بغيره لمعرفة أوزانها. ونقل الأزهري عن أئمة اللغة أن الصواب عايرت المكيال والميزان، ولا يقال: عيرت إلا من العار. ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٣/ ١٦٨، والمصباح المنير ص ١٦٧ (ع ى ر).\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات للمصنف ٢/ ٤٩٩، ٥٠١.\n(^٤) في س: \"الحسين\".","vol":"8","page":298},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فأَخرَجَ إلَيَّ صاعًا عَتيقًا باليًا فقالَ: هَذا صاعُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بعَينِه. فعَيَّرتُه فكانَ خَمسَةَ أرطالٍ وثُلُثًا (^١).\n\n٧٧٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: قَرأتُ بخَطِّ أبي عمرٍو المُستَملِى: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى يَعنِى الذُّهلِيَّ يقولُ: استَعرْتُ مِن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ صاعَ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ فوَجَدتُ عَلَيه مَكتوبًا: صاعُ مالكِ ابنِ أنَسٍ مُعَيَّرٌ على صاعِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ولا أحسِبُنِي إلَّا عَيَّرتُه بالعَدَسِ فوَجَدتُه خَمسَةَ أرطالٍ وثُلُثًا (^٢).\n\n٧٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الخَصيبُ بنُ ناصِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَدينِيِّ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قالوا لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ صاعَنا أصغَرُ الصّيعانِ، ومُدَّنا أصغَرُ الأمدادِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَنا في صاعِنا ومُدِّنا، وقَليلِنا وكَثيرِنا، واجعَلْ لَنا مَعَ البَرَكَةِ بَرَكتينِ، اللَّهُمَّ إنَ إيراهيمَ عبدُكَ وخَليلُكَ دَعاكَ لأهلِ مَكَّةَ، وإنِّي عبدُكَ ورسولُكَ أدعوكَ لأهلِ المَدينَةِ بمِثلِ ما دَعاكَ به إبراهيمُ لأهلِ مَكَّةَ\" (^٣).\nوالَّذِى رَواه صالِحُ بنُ موسَى الطَلْحِيُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-: جَرَتِ السُّنَةُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ثلث\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ثلث\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٨٤) من طريق العلاء به بشطره الأول.","vol":"8","page":299},{"text":"الغُسلِ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ صاعٌ والوُضوءِ رِطلَينِ، والصّاعُ ثَمانيَةُ أرطالٍ (^١). فإِنَّ صالِحًا يَتَفَرَّدُ به، وهو ضَعيفُ الحديث (^٢). قالَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) وغَيرُه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ. وكَذَلِكَ ما روىَ عن جَريرِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤). وما رُوىَ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عبدِ الكَريمِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالك، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَتَوَضّأُ برِطلَينِ ويَغتَسِلُ بالصّاعِ ثَمانيَةِ أرطالٍ (^٥). إسنادُهُما ضَعيفٌ. والصَّحيحُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَوَضّأُ بالمُدِّ ويَغتَسِلُ بالصّاعِ إلَى خَمسَةِ أمدادٍ (^٦).\nثُمَّ قَد أخبَرَت أسماءُ بنتُ أبي بكرٍ أنَّهُم كانوا يُخرِجونَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ بالصّاعِ الَّذِى يَقتاتونَ بهِ (^٧). فدَلَّ ذَلِكَ على مُخالَفَةِ صاعِ الزكاةِ والقوتِ صاعَ الغُسلِ. ثُمَّ قَد رَوَت عائشَةُ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت تَغتَسِلُ هِىَ ورسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- مِن إناءٍ قَدرَ الفَرَقِ (^٨). وقَد دَلَّلنا على أنَّ الفَرَقَ ثَلاثَةُ آصُعٍ، فإِذا كان الصّاعُ خَمسَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الاوسط (٣٣٩)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٢٨ من طريق صالح بن موسى به.\n(^٢) صالح بن موسى بن إسحاق الطلحي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٩١، والضعفاء الكبير للعقيلي ٢/ ٢٠٣، والجرح والعديل ٤/ ٤١٥، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٦٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٩٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٦٣: متروك.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٩٤، ٢/ ١٥٣ من طريق جرير بن يزيد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٥٤ من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٩٤٥).\n(^٧) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٩٠).\n(^٨) تقدم تخريجه في (٩٠٥، ٩٤٠).","vol":"8","page":300},{"text":"أرطالٍ وثُلُثًا (^١) كان قَدرُ ما يَغتَسِلُ به كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ثَمانيَةَ أرطالٍ، وهو صاعٌ ونِصفٌ، وقَدرُ ما يَغتَسِلُ به كان يَختَلِفُ باختِلافِ الاستِعمالِ، فلا مَعنَى لِتَرْكِ الأحاديثِ الصَّحيحَةِ في قَدرِ الصّاعِ المُعَدِّ لِزَكاةِ الفِطرِ بمِثلِ هَذا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1739>بابُ مَن قال: يُجزِئُ إخراجُ الدَّقيقِ في زَكاةِ الفِطرِ</span>\n\n٧٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ سَمِعَ عياضًا قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يقولُ: لا أُخرِجُ أبَدًا إلَّا صاعًا، إنّا كُنّا نُخرِجُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صاعَ تَمرٍ أو شَعيرٍ أو أقِطٍ أو زَبيبِ. هَذا حَديثُ يَحيَى. زادَ سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ فيه: أو صاعًا مِن دَقيقٍ. قال حامِدٌ: فأَنكَروا عَلَيه فتَرَكَه سفيانُ. قال أبو داودَ: فهَذِه الزّيادَةُ وهْمٌ مِنَ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ مِنهُم حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. ومَن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^٣)، ويَحيَى القَطانُ وأبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ وحَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ وغَيرُهُم، فلَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُمُ الدَّقيقَ غَيرَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ثلث\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦١٨). وأخوجه النسائي (٢٥١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤١٤) من طريق سفيان به. وعند ابن خزيمة بدون ذكر الدقيق.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٨٥/ ٢١).","vol":"8","page":301},{"text":"سُفيانَ (^١)، وقَد أُنكِرَ عَلَيه فتَرَكَه، وروىَ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُرسَلًا مَوقوفًا (^٢) على طَريقِ التَّوَهُّمِ، ولَيسَ بثابِتٍ، وروىَ مِن أوجُهٍ ضعيفَةٍ لا تَسوَى ذِكرَها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1740>بابُ وُجوبِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ على أهلِ الباديَةِ</span>\nوذَلِكَ لما رُوِّينا في أحاديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِه (^٣) ودُخُولِهِم في عُمومِها.\n\n٧٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ ولَقَبُه حَمدَانُ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ شَبيبٍ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ وكانَ مِن خيارِ النّاسِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ صارِخًا ببَطنِ مَكَّةَ يُنادِى: \"إنَّ صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ حَقٌّ واجِبٌ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ، صَغيرٍ أو كَبيرٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، حُرٍّ أو مَملوكٍ، حاضِرٍ أو بادٍ؛ صاعٌ مِن شَعيرٍ أو تَمرٍ\" (^٥).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ عن حَمدانَ فزادَ فيه: \"مُدّانِ مِن قَمحٍ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٤٥٠) عن أبي خالد الأحمر به. وابن خزيمة (٢٤١٣) من طريق حماد بن مسعدة به. وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٣٩١) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٨٨).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٧٧٤٢) وما بعدها.\n(^٤) في س: \"شعيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٠، وصححه. وقال الذهبي: بل خبر نكر جدًّا، قال العقيلي: يحيى بن عباد عن ابن جريج حديثه يدل على الكذب. وقال الدارقطني: ضعيف.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٤٢ عن محمد بن مخلد به.","vol":"8","page":302},{"text":"وقاله الكديميُّ أيضًا عن داود بن شبيبٍ.\nوهَذا حَديثٌ يَنفَرِدُ به يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ [هَكَذا، وإِنَّما رَواه غَيرُه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ] (^١) عن عَطاءٍ مِن قَولِه في المُدَّينِ. وعن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ مَرفُوعًا إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في سائرِ ألفاظِهِ.\n\n٧٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبِ: بَلَغَنِي أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ صَارِخًا يَصرُخُ: \"على كلِّ مُسلِمٍ\". قال. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٧٨٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ (^٣): مُدَّينِ مِن قَمحٍ، أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو شَعيرٍ، الحُرُّ والعَبدُ فيه سَواءٌ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو مُنقَطِعًا (^٥).\n\n٧٨٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأدَمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عليِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٤٢.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٥٨٠٠) مطولًا.","vol":"8","page":303},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"زَكاةُ الفِطرِ على الحاضِرِ والبادِي\" (^١).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ عن المُعتَمِرِ. فساقَ الحديثَ بطولِه (^٢).\nورَواه سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيج عن عمرو عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَرفوعًا. إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ الحاضِرَ والبادِىَ (^٣). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِي البُخارِيَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: ابنُ جُرَيجٍ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عمرِو بنِ شُعيبٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1741>بابُ ما يَجوزُ إخراجُه لأهلِ الباديَةِ في زَكاةِ الفِطرِ مِنَ الأقِطِ وغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٧٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا قَبيصَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: كُنّا نُعطِي زَكاةَ الفِطرِ زَمَنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ (^٥)، أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الفضل الزهري في حديث الزهري (٤٦٧) من طريق مالك بن عبد الواحد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٤١، ١٤٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن مهدي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٦٧٤)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٤١ من طريق سالم بن نوح به.\n(^٤) العلل الكبير ص ١٠٨.\n(^٥) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أوصاعا من تمر\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٧٧٧٤).","vol":"8","page":304},{"text":"٧٨٠٥ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: كُنا نُعطِى على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، صاعًا مِن زَبيبٍ، صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ، فلَمّا جاءَ مُعاويَةُ وجاءَتِ السَّمْرَاءُ عَدَلَه النّاسُ بمُدَّينِ حِنطَةً. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ كما تَقَدَّمَ ذكرُه (^١).\n\n٧٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ قال: وكَتَبَ إلَيَّ كَثيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو المُزَنِيُّ يُخبِرُ، عن رُبَيحِ (^٢) ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: جاءَ رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنا أولو أموالٍ، فهَل تَجوزُ عَنّا مِن زَكاةِ الفِطرِ؟ قال: \"لا، فأَدُّوها عن الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ، والذَّكَرِ والأنثَى، والحُرِّ والعَبدِ، صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، أو صاعًا مِن زَبيبٍ، [أو صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ] (^٣)، أو صاعًا مِن أقِطٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٠٥، ١٥٠٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"زنيج\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٥٩.\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (١٩٨). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٣١: كثير واه.","vol":"8","page":305},{"text":"مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن (^١) أبي حُرَّةَ قال: سُئلَ الحَسَنُ عن الأعرابِ يُؤَدونَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ؟ قال: صاعٌ مِن لَبَنٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1742>بابُ مَن قال: تُقْسمُ زَكاةُ الفِطرِ على مَن تُقْسَمُ عَلَيه [زَكاةُ المالِ] (^٣)، استِدلالًا بالآيَةِ في الصَّدَقاتِ</span>\n\n٧٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الطِّيبِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زيادُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ الحارِثِ الصُّدائيَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: ثُمَّ أتاه آخَرُ فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أعطِنِى. فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سأَلَ النّاسُ عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، فصُداعٌ في الرّأسِ وداءٌ في البَطنِ\". فقالَ السّائلُ: فأَعطِنِى مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَم يَرضَ فيها بحُكمِ نَبِيٍّ ولا غَيرِه في الصَّدَقاتِ حَتى حَكَمَ هو فيها فجَزّأها ثَمانيَةَ أجزاء، فإِن كُنتَ مِن تِلكَ الأجزاءِ أعطَيتُكَ، أو أعطَيناكَ، حَقَّكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٤٤٧) من طريق هشيم به بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٦٩٣) من طريق أبي حرة به بنحوه.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"الزكاة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٢٨٥)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٤/ ٣٤٥، ٣٤٦ من طريق بشر بن موسى به مطولًا، وزاد الطبراني: الحميدي. بين بشر والمقرئ. والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٥٩٧ بغية) من طريق المقرئ به مطولًا، وسقط من إسناده زياد بن نعيم، وفيه: ستة أجزاء. بدلًا من: ثمانية أجزاء. وهو في المطالب العالية (٤٢٠٩) على الصواب. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٣٢: عبد الرحمن ضعيف.","vol":"8","page":306},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1743>بابُ الاختيارِ في أن يُؤثِرَ بزَكاةِ فِطرِه وزَكاةِ مالِه ذَوى رَحِمِه، إذا كانوا مِن أهلِها مِمَّن لا تَلزَمُه نَفَقَتُه</span>\n\n٧٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ (^١) بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ سرينَ، عن أُمِّ الرّائحِ بنتِ ضُلَيعٍ (^٢)، عن سَلمانَ (^٣) بنِ عامِرٍ الضَّبِّيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ صَدَقَتَكَ على المِسكينِ صَدَقَة، وإنَّها على ذِى الرَّحِمٍ اثنَتانِ؛ صَدَقَةٌ وصِلَةٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٨١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن الرَّبابِ، عن سَلمانَ (٢) بنِ عامِرٍ الضَّبِّيِّ رَفَعَه قال: \"الصَّدَقَةُ على المِسكينِ صَدَقَةٌ، وهِى على ذِى الرَّحِمِ ثنْتانِ؛ صَدَقَةٌ وصِلَةٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (١٣٠٧).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٤، م: \"صليع\"، وكذا ضبطت في خلاصة تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٤٩١، وتقريب التهذيب ٢/ ٥٩٨. وسيأتى كلام المصنف عليها في (١٣٣٥١).\n(^٣) في م: \"سليمان\". وينظر الاستيعاب ٢/ ٦٣٣، والإصابة ٤/ ٤٠١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣١١)، والشعب (٣٤٢٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٣٥)، والنسائي (٢٥٨١)، وابن ماجه (١٨٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٨٥)، وابن حبان (٣٣٤٤) من طريق ابن عون به. والترمذي (٦٥٨) من طريق حفصة به، وقال: حديث حسن. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٣٢: إسناده قوى.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٣٢)، والخرائطي في مكارم الأخلاق (٢٨٧) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"8","page":307},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1744>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ قَسْمَ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ بنَفسِهِ</span>\n\n٧٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي مُلَيكَةَ ورَجُلٌ يقولُ له: إنَّ عَطاءً أمَرَنِي أن أطرَحَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ في المَسجِدِ. فقالَ ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ: أفتاكَ العِلجُ بغَيرِ رأيِهِ، اقسِمْها، فإِنَما يُعطيها ابنُ هِشامٍ أحراسَه ومَن شاءَ (^١).\nورَواه الشّافِعِيُّ بإِسنادِه عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في آخِرِ بابِ النّيَّةِ في إخراجِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٢)، ورُوّيناه عن جَماعَةٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1745>بابُ وقتِ إخراجِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ</span>\n\n٧٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بزَكاةِ الفِطرِ أن تُؤَدَّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤١٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ٦٩.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٤٦٢) في باب الاختيار في قسمها بنفسه ....","vol":"8","page":308},{"text":"قَبلَ خُروجِ النّاسِ إلَى الصَّلاةِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي خَيثَمَةَ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن حَفصِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٧٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بإِخراجِ زَكاةِ الفِطرِ أن تُؤَدَّى قَبلَ خُروجِ النّاسِ إلَى الصَّلاةِ، وأَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ كان يُؤَدّيها قَبلَ ذَلِكَ بيَومٍ أو يَومَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ دونَ أداءِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n٧٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نُخرِجَ زَكاةَ الفِطرِ عن كُلِّ صغيرٍ و(^٥) كبيرٍ، وحُرٍّ ومَملوكٍ، صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو شَعيرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٦١٠)، والنسائي (٢٥٢٠) من طريق زهير أبي خيثمة به. والترمذي (٦٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٦٤٢٢) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٠٩)، ومسلم (٩٨٦/ ٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٩٩) من طريق محمد بن رافع به. وأحمد (٦٤٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٢١) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به، وعند أحمد بدون ذكر أداء ابن عمر.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٦/ ٢٣).\n(^٥) في ص ٤، م: \"أو\".","vol":"8","page":309},{"text":"قال: وكانَ يُؤتَى إلَيهِم بالزَّبيبِ والأقِطِ فيَقبَلونَه مِنهُم، وكُنّا نُؤمَرُ أن نُخرِجَه قَبلَ أن نَخرُجَ إلَى الصّلاةِ. فأَمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَقسِموه بَينَهُم، ويَقولُ: \"أغنوهُم عن طَوافِ هَذا اليَومِ\" (^١). وأبو مَعشَرٍ هَذا نَجيحٌ السِّندِيُّ المَدينِيُّ غَيرُه أوثَقُ مِنه (^٢)، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ في هَذا البابِ وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣).\n\n٧٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ قال: أتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ -﵁-: تَصَدَّقوا قَبلَ الصَّلاةِ: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى (١٤) وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى﴾ [الأعلى: ١٤، ١٥]. وقولوا كما قال أبوكُم: ﴿رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٣]، وقولوا كما قال نوحٌ: ﴿وَإِلَّا تَغْفِرْ لِي وَتَرْحَمْنِي أَكُنْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ [هود: ٤٧]. وقولوا كما قال إبراهيمُ: ﴿وَالَّذِي أَطْمَعُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي خَطِيئَتِي يَوْمَ الدِّينِ﴾ [الشعراء: ٨٢]، وقولوا كما قال موسَى: ﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي فَغَفَرَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ [القصص: ١٦]. وقولوا كما قال ذو النّونِ: ﴿لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٥١٩، وليس عنده: فأمرهم رسول الله -ﷺ- أن يقسموه بينهم.\nوالحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣١ من طريق أبي معشر به، وليس عنده: وكان يؤتى بالزبيب والأقط فيقبلونه. وعنده أيضًا: صاعًا من زبيب.\n(^٢) نجيح بن عبد الرحمن السندى أبو معشر. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١١٤، والجرح والتعدبل ٨/ ٤٩٣، ٤٩٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٣١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٤٣٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٩٨: ضعيف.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٧٦٧).","vol":"8","page":310},{"text":"الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [الأنبياء: ٨٧]. وأُراه كَتَبَ: مَن لَم يكنْ عِندَه ما يَتَصَدَّقُ به فليَصُمْ (^١).\nيُريدُ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ بَعدَ العيدِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٤٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٩٠٣) في الاستسقاء، وابن أبي الدنيا في العقوبات (٢٣) في الرَّجف، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ٣٠٤ من طريق سفيان بنحوه. وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبي الدنيا بدون ذكر دعاء إبراهيم وموسى ﵉، وعند أبي نعيم بدون ذكر دعاء إبراهيم ﵇.","vol":"8","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1746>جِماعُ أبوابِ صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1747>بابُ التَّحريضِ على الصَّدَقَةِ وإن قَلَّت</span>\n\n٧٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ مَحبوبٍ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ المُنذِرَ بنَ جَريرٍ (^١) يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جُلوسًا في صَدرِ النَّهارِ، فجاءَ قَومٌ حُفاةٌ عُراةٌ مُجتابِي النِّمارِ (^٢) عَلَيهِمُ العَباءُ، أو قال: مُتَقَلِّدِي السُّيوفِ، عامَّتُهُم مِن مُضَرَ، بَل كُلُّهُم مِن مُضَرَ، فرأَيتُ وجهَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَغَيَّرُ لما يَرَى بهِم مِنَ الفاقَةِ، فدَخَلَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فأَمَرَ بلالًا فأَقامَ فصَلَّى الطهرَ فخَطَبَ، ثُمَّ قال: \" ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [النساء: ١]، ثُمَّ قال: \" ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ﴾ [الحشر: ١٨]. الآيَة. \"تَصدَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِن دينارِه، مِن دِرهَمِه، مِن ثَوبِه، مِن صاعِ بُرِّه، مِن صاعِ تَمرِه\". حَتَّى قال: \"ولَو\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٥٠١.\n(^٢) مجتابو النمار: أى لابسو النمار التى قطعت من وسطها، وهى أزر مخططة من صوف، وكل شملة مخططة من مآزر العرب فهى نمرة وجمعها نمار، كأنما أخذت من لون النمر لما فيها من السواد والبياض. ويقال: اجتبت القميص: أي دخلت فيه، فهم خرقوا وقطعوا وسطها ودخلوا فيها. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣١٠، ٥/ ١١٨، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ١٠٢.","vol":"8","page":312},{"text":"بشِقِّ تَمرَةِ\". قال: فأَتاه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ بصُرَّةٍ قَد كادَت كَفُّه أن تَعجِزَ عَنها، بَل قَد عَجَزَت عَنها، فدَفَعَها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فتَتابَعَ النّاسُ في الصَّدَقاتِ، فرأيتُ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَومَينِ مِن طَعامٍ وثيابٍ، وجَعَلَ وَجهُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَهَلَّلُ كأنَّه مُدهَبَةٌ (^١) وقالَ: \"مَن سَنَّ في الإسلامِ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً [كان له] (^٢) أجرُها، وأَجرُ مَن عَمِلَ بها مِن بَعدِه مِن غَيرِ أن يُنتَقَصَ مِن أُجورِهِم شَئٌ، ومَن سَنَّ في الإسلامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً كان عَلَيه وزرُها ووزرُ مَن عَمِلَ بها مِن بَعدِه مِن غَيرِ أن يُنتقَصَ مِن أوزارِهِم شَئٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِيِّ، وحَديثُ النَّضرِ بمَعناه، ولَم يَذكُرِ النَّضرُ: عَلَيهِمُ العَباءُ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ المثنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ جَعْفرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وقالَ: مُجتابِي النِّمارِ (^٤) أو العَباءِ مُتَقَلِّدِي السُّيوفِ (^٥).\n\n٧٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي الشَّوارِبِ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"مدهنة\".\nومذهبة: من الشئ المذهب، وهو المموه بالذهب، أو من قولهم: فرس مذهب، إذا علت حمرته صفرة، والأنثى مذهبة. أما على رواية مُدْهُنَة فهى تأنيث المُدْهُن، وهو نقرة في الجبل يجتمع فيها المطر، شبه وجهه لإشراق السرور عليه بصفاء الماء المجتمع في الحجر. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٤٦، ١٧٣، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ١٠٣.\n(^٢) في م، والصغرى، وعند أحمد: \"فله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٨٨)، والطيالسى (٧٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٧٤)، والنسائي (٢٥٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٠٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: رواه مسلم في الصحيح من أوجه عن شعبة وقال: مجتابى النمار\".\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠١٧/ ٦٩).","vol":"8","page":313},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فأَتاه قَومٌ مُجتابِي النِّمارِ مُتَقَلِّدِي السُّيوفِ، ولَيسَ عَلَيهِم أُزُرٌ ولا شَيءٌ غَيرَها، عامَّتُهُم مِن مُضَرَ بَل كُلُّهُم مِن مُضَرَ، فلَمَّا رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الَّذِى بهِم مِنَ الجَهدِ والعُرىِ والجُوعِ تَغَيَّرَ وجهُه، ثُمَّ قامَ فدَخَلَ بَيتَه ثُمَّ راحَ إلَى المَسجِدِ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ مِنبَرَه، مِنبَرًا صَغيرًا، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أنزَلَ في كِتابِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ﴾ \" إلَى قَولِه: \" ﴿رَقِيبًا﴾، ﴿اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ﴾ \". إلَى قَولِه: \" ﴿هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ﴾. [تَصَدَّقوا قَبلَ ألَّا تَصَدَّقوا] (^١)، تَصَدَّقوا قَبلَ أن يُحالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَ الصَّدَقَةِ، تَصَدَّقَ امرُؤٌ مِن دينارِه، مِن دِرهَمِه، مِن بُرِّه، مِن شَعيرِه، ولا يَحقِرَنَّ أحَدُكُم شَيئًا مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَةٍ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ بصُرَّةٍ في كَفِّه فناوَلَها رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو على مِنبَرِه، فقَبَضَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعرَفُ السُّرورُ في وَجهِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وقالَ: \"مَن سَنَّ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً فعُمِلَ بها كان له أجرُها ومِثلُ أجرِ مَن عَمِلَ بها لا يَنقُصُ مِن أُجورِهِم شَئٌ، ومَن سَنَّ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً فعُمِلَ بها كان عَلَيه وزرُها ومِثلُ وزرِ مَن عَمِلَ بها لا يَنقُصُ مِن أوزارِهِم شَئٌ\". فقامَ النّاسُ فتَفَرَّقوا؛ فمِن ذا دينارٍ، ومِن ذا دِرهَمٍ، ومِن ذا، ومِن ذا (^٢). قال: فاجتَمَعَ فقَسَمَه بَينَهُم (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"ذى\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: هذا كأنه على طريق من يكتب كذا: كذى. فهو إذن من \"ذَى\" بفتح الذال، واللَّه أعلم، وهو في أصل المؤلف في الجميع \"ذا\" في الجميع بالألف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٣) عن ابن أبي الشوارب به، مختصرًا. والترمذي (٢٦٧٥) من طريق=","vol":"8","page":314},{"text":"ابنِ أبي الشَّوارِبِ وغَيرهِ (^١).\n\n٧٨١٨ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ الحافظُ قَرأتُ عَلَيه ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: اتَّقوا اللَّهَ واعمَلوا خَيرًا، فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَعقِلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَدِيَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الَّىِ لمجو يقولُ: \"اتَّقوا النَّارَ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَه\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٣).\n\n٧٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِنكُم مِن أحَدٍ إلَّا سَيُكَلِّمُه رَبُّه لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَه حاجِبٌ (^٤) ولا تَرجُمانٌ، فيَنظُرُ أيمَنَ مِنه فلا يَرَى شَيئًا إلَّا شَيئًا قَدَّمَه، ويَنظُرُ أشأَمَ (^٥) مِنه فلا يَرَى إلَّا شَيئًا قَدَّمَه، ويَنظُرُ أمامَه فلا يَرَى إلَّا النّارَ، فاتَّقوا النّارَ ولَو\n_________\n= عبدالملك بن عمير به بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^١) مسلم (١٠١٧/ ٧٠)، ٤/ ٢٠٦٠ (١٠١٧/ ...).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٧٤) عن عفان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٤١٧)، ومسلم (١٠١٦/ ٦٦).\n(^٤) في ص ٤، ورواية للبخاري: \"حجاب\".\n(^٥) أشأم: يعنى الشِّمَال. النهاية ٢/ ٤٣٧.","vol":"8","page":315},{"text":"بشِقِّ تَمرَة\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانُ ابنُ حَربٍ واللَّفظُ لأبِى الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ الطّائيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَ النارَ فتَعَوَّذَ مِنها وأَشاحَ (^٣) بوَجهِه (^٤)، قال: شُعبَةُ: أمّا مَرَّتَينِ فلا شَكَّ. ثُمَّ قال: \"اتَّقوا النَّارَ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَةٍ، فإِن لَم تَجِدوا فبِكلِمَة طَيِّبَةٍ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٧٨٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٤٦)، والترمذي (٢٤١٥)، وابن ماجه (١٨٥)، وابن حبان (٧٣٧٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٤٤٣)، ومسلم (١٠١٦/ ٦٧).\n(^٣) أشاح: حذر من الشئ وعدل عنه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٣٤. وينظر فتح الباري ١١/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"وذكر فتعوذ منها وأشاح بوجهه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٥٣)، والنسائي (٢٥٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٢٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٠٢٣، ٦٥٦٣)، ومسلم (١٠١٦/ ...).","vol":"8","page":316},{"text":"\"مَن تَصَدَّقَ بعِدلِ تَمرَةٍ مِن كَسب طَيب، ولا يَصعَدُ إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ إلَّا طَيِّبٌ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقبَلُها بيَمينِه فيُرَبِّيها لِصاحِبِها كما يُرَبِّي أحَدُكُم فَلُوَّه (^١) حَتَّى تَكونَ مِثلَ أُحُدٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ ورقاءُ عن ابنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ المَقبُرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَىَ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"يا نِساءَ المُسلِماتِ (^٥)، لا تَحقِرَنَّ جارَةٌ لجارَتِها ولَو فِرسِنَ شاةٍ (^٦) \" (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقتيبَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ\n_________\n(^١) الفلو: المهر؛ لأنه يُفْلَى عن أمه، أى: يعزل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٨١) عن أبي النضر به بنحوه. والترمذي (٦٦١)، والنسائي (٢٥٢٤)، وابن ماجه (١٨٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٢٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠) من طريق سعيد بن بسار به.\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٧٤٣٠)، ومسلم (١٠١٤/ ٦٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤١٠، ٧٤٣٠)، ومسلم (١٠١٤/ ٦٤).\n(^٥) في س: \"المؤمنات\".\n(^٦) الفرسن: هو للشاة بمنزلة الحافر للفرس. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٨٥.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٩١) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"8","page":317},{"text":"عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n٧٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي مَسعودٍ قال: كُنّا نَتَحامَلُ (^٢) فيَتَصَدَّقُ الرَّجُلُ بالصَّدَقَهِ العَظيمَةِ فيُقالُ: هَذا مُرائى. ويَتَصَدَّقُ الرَّجُلُ بنِصفِ صاعٍ فيُقالُ: إنَ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ عن هَذا. فنَزَلَت: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ﴾ إلَى: ﴿عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٩]. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبي بكرٍ قال: عن أبي مَسعودٍ البَدرِيِّ قال: كُنّا نَتَحامَلُ فيَجِئُ الرَّجُلُ بالصَّدَقَةِ العَظيمَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ بُجَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ ثمَّ الحارِثيِّ، عن جَدَّتِه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٣٠/ ٩٠)، والبخاري (٦٠١٧).\n(^٢) نتحامل: أى يحمل بعضنا لبعض بالأجرة. فتح الباري ٨/ ٣٣١.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦٤٣)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٣٧٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٥٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٣٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠١٨/ ...)، والبخاري (١٤١٥، ٤٦٦٨).","vol":"8","page":318},{"text":"حَوّاءَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"رُدّوا السّائلَ ولَو بظِلفٍ مُحرَّقٍ\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحَدِ بَنِى حارِثَةَ، حَدَّثَته جَدَّتُه وهِىَ أُمُّ بُجَيدٍ وكانَت مِمَّن بايَعَ رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ إنَّ المِسكينَ لَيَقومُ على بابِي فما أجِدُ له شَيئًا أُعطيه إيّاه. فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن لَم تَجِدِي شَيئًا تُعطيه (^٢) إيّاه إلَّا ظِلفًا مُحَرَّقًا، فادفَعيه إلَيه\" (^٣).\nوقالَ سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن اللَّيثِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بُجَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عِمرانَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ يَزيدَ بنَ أبي حَبيبٍ يُحَدِّثُ؛ أنَّ أبا الخَيرِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كُلُّ امرِئٍ في ظِلِّ صَدَقَتِه حَتَّى يُفصَلَ بَينَ النّاسِ\". أو قال: \"حَتَّى يُحكَمَ بَينَ النّاسِ\". قال يَزيدُ: وكانَ أبو الخَيرِ لا يُخطِئُه\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٧/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٩٢٣، ومن طريقه أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٥٠)، والنسائي (٢٥٦٤)، وابن حبان (٣٣٧٤). وعندهم: ابن بجيد عن جدته. ولم يسم ابن بجيد سوى يحيى بن بكير.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه له: تعطينه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٤٩، ٢٧١٥٠)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٧٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٧٣) من طريق الليث به. وعندهم \"عبد الرحمن بن بجيد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤١٧ من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به.","vol":"8","page":319},{"text":"يَومٌ لا يَتَصَدَّقُ فيه بشَئٍ، ولَو كَعكَةً، ولَو بَصَلَةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1748>بابُ الاختيارِ في صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\n\n٧٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ بنِ خوَيلِدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"اليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى، وليَبدأْ أحَدُكُم بمَن يَعولُ، وخَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، ومَن يَستَعفِفْ يُعِفَّه اللَّهُ، ومَنِ استَغنَى أغناه اللَّهُ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٨٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ ياسينَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ سُفيانَ بنِ أبي [الزَّرْدِ الأيْليُّ] (^٣)، حدثنا حَبّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قال (^٤) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ومَن يَستَغنِ يُغنِه اللَّهُ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ كَلِمَةَ الاستِعفافِ.\n\n٧٨٢٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وفيه: الحسن بن حكيم. بدلًا من: الحسن بن حليم. وابن المبارك في الزهد (٦٤٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٣٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣١)، وابن حبان (٣٣١٠). وقال الذهبي في المهذب ٣/ ١٥٣٦: إسناده قوي.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٢٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) في م: \"الزرد الأبلى\"، وفي ص ٤: \"المزرد الأبلى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٤.","vol":"8","page":320},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ هَذا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن وُهَيبٍ بالإِسنادينِ جَميعًا، وذَكَرَ كَلِمَةَ الاستِعفافِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ عن حَكيمٍ، ومِن حَديثِ قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ عن أبي هريرةَ، يَزيدُ ويَنقُصُ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: أعتَقَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عُذرَةَ عبدًا له عن دُبُرٍ (^٣)، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ألَكَ مالٌ غَيرُه؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يَشتَريه مِنِّي؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَدَويُّ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فجاءَ بها رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَفَعَها إلَيه شُمَّ قال: \"ابدأْ بنَفسِكَ فَتَصَدَّقْ عَيَها، فإِن فضَلَ شَئٌ فلأهلِكَ، فإِن فضَلَ عن أهلِكَ فلِذِي قَرابَتِكَ، فإِن فضَلَ عن ذِى قَرابَتِكَ فهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". يقولُ: بَينَ يَدَيكَ وعن يَمينِكَ وعن شِمالِكَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٧٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٩١) من طريق هشام بنحوه مختصرا.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٤٢٧، ١٤٢٨)، ومسلم (١٠٣٤/ ٩٥)، (١٠٤٢/ ١٠٦).\n(^٣) عن دبر: أي بعد موته. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٥٤٥) عن قتيبة به. وسيأتي في (٢١٥٦٢، ٢١٥٦٣، ٢١٥٦٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٩٧/ ٤١).","vol":"8","page":321},{"text":"القاضى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عَدِيُّ ابنُ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ، فقُلتُ: أعَنِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِنَّ المُسلِمَ إذا أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً على أهلِه وهو يَحتَسِبُها كانَت له صَدَقَةً\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعاَرِمٌ وأبو الرَّبيعِ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبي بَكْرٍ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَهَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أفضَلُ دينارٍ يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ دينارٌ يُنفِقُه على عيالِه، دينارٌ يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ على دابَّتِه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، دينارٌ يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ على أصحابِه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قال أبو قِلابَةَ: وبَدأَ بالعيالِ، فأَيُّ رَجُلٍ أعظَمُ أجرًا مِن رَجُلٍ يُنفِقُ على عيالٍ صغارٍ يَقوتُهُمُ اللَّهُ، ويَنفَعُهُم بهِ (^٣)؟! رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٧١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٢)، والترمذي (١٩٦٥)، والنسائي (٢٥٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٢٣٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٥١)، ومسلم (١٠٠٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٠٦)، والترمذي (١٩٦٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٦٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٩٤).","vol":"8","page":322},{"text":"يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ مَرَّ عَلَيه وهو يُساومُ بمِرطٍ، فقالَ: ما هَذا؟ قال: أُريدُ أن أشتَريَه وأَتَصَدَّقَ بهِ. فاشتَراه فدَفَعَه إلَى أهلِه وقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما أعطَيتُموهُنَّ فهو صَدَقَةٌ\". فقالَ عُمَرُ: مَن يَشهَدُ مَعَكَ؟ فأَتَى عائشةَ فقامَ مِن وراءِ البابِ فقالَت: مَن هَذا؟ قال: عمرٌو. قالَت: ما جاءَ بكَ؟ قال: سَمِعتِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما أعطَيتُموهُنَّ فهو صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ قالَت: نَعَم (^١). [لَفظُ حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ، وحَديثُ أبي داودَ أتَمُّ. ابنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ حَمّادُ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ] (^٢)، ويُقالُ: محمدُ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٢٢) عن ابن فورك وحده، والطيالسي (١٤٦١)، ومن طريقه البزار (١٥٠٧ - كشف). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦١٧) من طريق محمد بن أبي حميد به مختصرًا. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٨٤) مختصرا، وابن حبان (٤٢٣٧) من طريق الزبرقان بن عبد الله بن عمرو بن أمية، عن أبيه به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٣٨: محمد بن أبي حميد ضعيف.\n(^٢) مضروب عليه في أصل المصنف. كما أشار في حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) محمد بن أبي حميد، واسم أبي حميد إبراهيم، الأنصاري الزرقي أبو إبراهيم المدني، ولقبه حماد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٧٠، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٣٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١١٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٥٦: ضعيف.","vol":"8","page":323},{"text":"شَقيقٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن زَينَبَ امرأةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قالَت: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالصَّدَقَةِ فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقنَ يا مَعشَرَ (^١) النِّساءِ ولَو مِن حُليِّكُنَّ\". قالَت: وكُنتُ أعولُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ ويَتامَى في حَجرِه، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ خَفيفَ ذاتِ اليَدِ، فقُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّه: ائتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فسَلْه أيُجزِئُ ذَلِكَ عَنِّى، أو أوَجِّهُه عَنكُم؟ تَعنِى الصَّدَقَةَ. فقالَ: لا بَلِ ائتيه أنتِ فسَليه. قالَت: فأَتَيتُه فجَلَستُ فوَجَدتُ عِندَ البابِ امرأَةً مِنَ الأنصارِ حاجَتُها حاجَتِي، وكانَت قَد أُلقيَت عَلَيه المَهابَةُ. قالَت: فخَرَجَ عَلَينا بلالٌ فقُلنا: سَلْ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا تُخبِرْه مَن نَحنُ. فسألَه فقالَ: امرأتانِ تَعولانِ أزواجَهُما ويَتامَى في حُجورِهِما هَل يُجزِئُ ذَلِكَ عَنهُما مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ؟ فقالَ له: \"مَن هُما؟ \". قال: زَينَبُ وامرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ. قالى: \"أىُّ الزَّيانِبِ؟ \". قال: امرأةُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وامرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فقالَ: \"نَعَم لهما أجرانِ، أجرُ القَرابَةِ وأَجرُ الصَّدَقَةِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي الأحوَصِ عن الأعمَشِ بطولِه (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"معاشر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٦٣) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأحمد (١٦٠٨٢)، والترمذي (٦٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٥٨٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٣٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٠٠/ ٤٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤٦٦)، ومسلم (١٠٠٠/ ٤٦).","vol":"8","page":324},{"text":"أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أخبَرَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رَيطَةَ بنتِ عبدِ اللَّهِ امرأةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وأُمِّ ولَدِه، وكانَتِ امرأةً صَنَّاعَةً ولَيسَ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مالٌ، وكانَت تُنفِقُ عَلَيه وعَلَى ولَدِه مِن ثَمَنِ صَنْعتِها. قالَت: واللَّهِ لَقَد شَغَلتَنِى أنتَ ووَلَدُكَ عن الصَّدَقَةِ فما أستَطيعُ أن أتَصَدَّقَ مَعَكُم. فقالَ: فما أُحِبُّ إن لَم يَكُنْ لَكَ في ذَلِكَ أجرٌ أن تَفعَلِي. فسألَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هِىَ وهو، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَنِى امرأةٌ ذاتُ صَنعَةٍ أبيعُ مِنها، ولَيسَ لِى ولا لِوَلَدِى ولا لِزَوجِى شَيءٌ، فشَغَلونِي فلا أتَصَدَّقُ، فهَل لِى في ذَلِكَ أجرٌ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَكِ في ذَلِكَ أجرُ مما أنفَقَتِ عَلَيهِم، فأَنفِقِي عَلَيهِم\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسَماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ بَنِى أبي سلَمةَ في حَجرِى ولَيسَ لَهُم شَئٌ إلا ما أنفَقتُ عَلَيهِم، ولَستُ بتارِكَتِهِم كَذا وكَذا، فلِى أجرٌ إن أنفَقتُ عَلَيهِم؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أنفِقِي عَلَيهِم، فإِنَّ لَكِ أجرَ ما أنفَقتِ عَلَيهِم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٢٨) وسقط من إسناده أم سلمة، وعنه أحمد (٢٦٦٤٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان=","vol":"8","page":325},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n٧٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، [عن بكيرٍ] (^٢)، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ، أنَّها أعتَقَت وليدَةً في زَمَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لَو أعطَيتها أخوالَكِ كان أعظَمَ لأجرِكِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو (^٤).\n\n٧٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ مَن أبَرُّ؟ قال: \"أُمَّكَ\". قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ\". قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ\". قُلتُ:\n_________\n= (٤٢٤٦) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٠١/ ...)، والبخاري (١٤٦٧، ٥٣٦٩).\n(^٢) من خط ابن الصلاح في حاشية الأصل. وكذا جاء في المهذب ٣/ ١٥٣٩، وهو أيضًا موافق لما في مصادر التخريج.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٤٩٣١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٤٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٢٢) من طريق بكير عن كريب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٩٩/ ٤٤)، والبخاري (٢٥٩٤).","vol":"8","page":326},{"text":"ثُمَ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَ أباكَ، ثُمَ الأقرَبَ فالأقرَبَ\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا السَّهمِيُّ يَعنِى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ بكرٍ، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يأتِي رَجُلٌ مَولاه فيَسألُه مِن فضل هو عِندَه فيَمنَعُه إيّاه، إلَّا دُعِىَ إليه يَومَ القيامَةِ شُجاعًا أقرَعَ يَتَلَمَّظُ، فضلُهُ (^٢) الَّذِى مَنَعَ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بَكْرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مُرَّةَ، حدثنا كُلَيبُ بنُ مَنفَعَةَ (^٤)، عن جَدِّه أنَّه أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مَن أبَرُّ؟ قال: \"أُمَّكَ وأَباكَ وأُختَكَ وأَخاكَ ومَولاكَ الَّذِى يَلى ذَلِكَ، حَقًّا واجِبًا ورَحِمًا مَوصولَةً\" (^٥).\n\n٧٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو بَكْرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٢٨)، وأبو داود (٥١٣٩)، والترمذي (١٨٩٧) من طريق بهز بن حكيم به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨٥٢) بسنده ومتنه.\n(^٢) في مصادر التخريج: \"شجاع \" بالرفع، وفي نسخة عند النسائي: \"شجاعا\" بالنصب، قال السندى: شجاع. بالرفع على أنه نائب الفاعل لـ \"دعى\"، أو بالنصب على أنه حال مقدم كما في بعض النسخ، ولا عبرة بالخط، ونائب الفاعل هو ففله الذى مغ، أى: دعى له ففله شجاعا. يتلمظ: يدير لسانه عليه ويتبع أثره .... حاشية السندى على النسائي تحت الحديث (٢٥٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٢٠)، وأبو داود عقب (٥١٣٩)، والنسائي (٢٥٦٥) من طريق بهز بن حكيم به.\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"منقعة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٢١٤.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٥١٤٠)، وفيه: \"ذاك حق واجب ورحم موصولة\". وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٣١٠ (٧٨٦) من طريق الحارث بن مرة به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٣٩: هذا إسناد يمامي، وجدُّ كليب لا يدرى من هو.","vol":"8","page":327},{"text":"القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن بَحيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يو ميكُم بأُمَّهاتِكُم، ثُمَّ يوصيكُم بآبائكُم، ثُمَّ يُوصيكُم بالأقرَبِ فالأقرَبِ\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٤٢ - قال المِقدامُ: وسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما أطعَمتَ نَفسَكَ ووَلَدَكَ وزَوجتَكَ وخادِمَكَ فهو صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ، عن خِداشٍ أبي (^٣) سَلامَةَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُوصِى امرأً بأُمِّه -ثَلاثًا- أُوصِى امرأً بأَبيه -مَرَّتَينِ- أُوصِى امرأً بمَولاه الَّذِى يَليه وإن كانَت عَلَيه أذاةٌ تُؤذيه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٨٤) من طريق بقية به مختصرًا. وابن ماجه (٣٦٦١) من طريق بحير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٨٥) من طريق بقة به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"بن\". وهو خداش أبو سلامة، وقيل: خداش بن سلامة. وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٣١، ٣٣/ ٣٩٧، والإصابة ٣/ ١٩٥، ١٢/ ٣١٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢١٩ عن مسدد به وفيه: على بن عبيد الله عن عرفطة. وأحمد (١٨٧٩١) من طريق أبي عوانة به، وفيه: عبيد الله بن عرفطة. وأحمد (١٨٧٨٩، ١٨٧٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٥٧) من طرق عن منصور به، وعند أحمد في الموضع الأول: عبيد ابن على. وعند ابن ماجه: عبيد الله بن على. وفي الموضع الثاني عند أحمد: عبد الله بن على ابن عرفطة. وغيرها محققو المسند من أطراف المسند والمصادر إلى: عبيد الله بن على بن عرفطة.","vol":"8","page":328},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: اختَلَفَ أصحابُ مَنصورٍ على مَنصورٍ في اسمِ مَن رَواه عنه، فقيلَ عنه هَكَذا. وقيلَ عنه عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليٍّ. وقيلَ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1749>بابٌ: أبَرُّ البِرّ أن يَصِلَ الرجلُ وُدَّ أبيهِ</span>\n\n٧٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ (ح) وأَخبَرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأعرابِ لَقيَه بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه عبدُ اللَّهِ، وحَمَلَه على حِمارٍ كان يَركَبُه، وأَعطاه عِمامَةً كانَت على رأسِهِ، فقالَ ابنُ دينارٍ: فقُلنا له: أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، إنَّهُمُ الأعرابُ، وهُم يَرضَونَ باليَسيرِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنَّ أبا هَذا كان وادًّا لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، وإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ أبَرَّ البِرِّ صِلَةُ الوَلَدِ أهلَ وُدِّ أبيه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1750>بابٌ: خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى</span>\n\n٧٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٢١)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٤١)، والترمذي (١٩٠٣) من طريق الوليد به. وأبو داود (٥١٤٣) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٥٢).","vol":"8","page":329},{"text":"القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، وابدأْ بمَن تَعُولُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو [عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٣) محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ طَلحَةَ يَذكُرُ عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى، وأبدأْ بمَن تَعُولُ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٨٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبْدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشارٍ العَبدِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنيانِ ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوهِ غَيرَ أنَّه قال: يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَ: \"أفضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ -أو: خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ- عن ظَهرِ غِنًى\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٢٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به. والنسائي (٢٥٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣٩) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٤٢٦).\n(^٣) في س: \"العباس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٩٣) عن أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (١٥٣١٧) من طريق عمرو بن عثمان به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٢٤١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٧٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٤٢) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"8","page":330},{"text":"عن أحمدَ بنِ عبْدَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1751>بابُ ما ورَدَ في جُهدِ المُقِلِّ</span>\n\n٧٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"جُهدُ المُقِلِّ، وابدأْ بمَن تَعُول\" (^٢).\n\n٧٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزار، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عثمانُ ابنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عليٍّ الأزدِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُبشِيٍّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سُئلَ: أيُّ الأعمالِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ لا شَكَّ فيه، وجِهادٌ لا غُلولَ فيه، وحَجَّةٌ مَبرورَةٌ\". قيلَ: أيُّ الصَّلاةِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"طولُ القيامِ\". قيلَ: فأيُّ الصدَقَةِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"جهدٌ مِن مُقِلٍّ\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ الهِجرَةِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"مَن هَجَرَ ما حَرَّمَ اللَّه عَلَيه\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ الجِهادِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"مَن جاهَدَ المُشرِكينَ بمالِه ونَفْسِه\". قيلَ: فأيُّ القَتلِ أشرَفُ؟ قال: \"مَن أُهْرِيقَ دَمُه وعقِرَ جَوادُه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٣٤).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٠٢)، وأبو داود (١٦٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٤٤)، وابن حبان (٣٣٤٦) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٧١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٧٥٢).","vol":"8","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1752>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ قَولَه -ﷺ-: \"خَيُر الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى\". وقَولَه حيَن سُئلَ عن أفضَلِ الصَّدَقَةِ: \"جُهدٌ مِن مُقِلٍّ\". إنَّما يَختَلِفُ باختِلافِ أحوالِ النّاسِ في الصَّبِر علي الشِّدَّةِ والفاقَةِ والاكتِفاءِ بأَقَلِّ الكِفايَةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ</span>\n\n٧٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومًا أن نَتَصَدَّقَ، فوافَقَ ذَلِكَ مالًا عِندِى، فقُلتُ: اليَومَ أسبِقُ أبا بكرٍ، إن سَبَقتُه يَومًا، فجِئتُ بنِصفِ مالِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أبقَيتَ لأهلِكَ؟ \" فقُلتُ: مِثلَه. قال: فأَتَى أبو بكرٍ بكُلِّ ما عِندَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أبقَيتَ لأهلِكَ؟ \" فقالَ: أبقَيتُ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ ورسولَه. فقُلتُ: لا أُسابِقُكَ إلَى شَئٍ أبَدًا (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في كتاب \"السنن\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٥١ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ كَعبٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٤ وصححه، وفي النسخة المطبوعة: أحمد بن محمد بن نصير. وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٦٧٥) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦٧٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٧٢).","vol":"8","page":332},{"text":"قائدَ كَعبٍ حينَ عَمِىَ مِن بَنيه قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ، وفيه: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ مِن تَوبَتِي أن أنخَلِعَ مِن مالِي صدَقَةً إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ وإِلَى الرَّسولِ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمسِكْ عَلَيكَ بَعضَ مالِكَ فهو خَيرٌ لَكَ\". فقُلتُ: فإِنِّي أُمسِكُ سَهمِي الَّذِى بخَيبَرَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ النُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَى الرَّبيعُ بنُ رَوحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيدِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ، أنَّ جَدَّه حَدَّثَه أنَّ أبا لُبابَةَ حينَ تابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه في تَخَلُّفِه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وفيما كان سَلَفَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ في أُمورٍ وجَدَ عَلَيه فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فزَعَمَ حُسَينٌ أنَّ أبا لُبابَةَ قال حينَ تابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي أهجُرُ دارَ قَومِي التى أصَبتُ فيها الذَّنبَ وأَنتَقِلُ وأُساكِنُكَ، وأَنخَلِعُ مِن مالِى صدَقَةً إلَى اللَّهِ وإِلَى رسولِه. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زعَمَ حُسَين: \"يُجزِئُ عَنكَ الثُّلُثُ\" (^٣). ورَواه محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٨٩)، وأبو داود (٣٣١٧)، والنسائي (٣٨٣٣) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤١٨)، ومسلم (٢٨٦٩/ ...).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٨٥. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٣٧١) من طريق محمد بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٥٧٥٠ من طريق الزهري به. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٤١: رواه أبو داود من حديث معمر وابن عيينة عن الزهري عن ابن كعب بن مالك عن أبيه بنحو منه، وهو حديث معلل الإسناد. اهـ. وينظر سنن أبي داود (٣٣١٩).","vol":"8","page":333},{"text":"أبي حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن حُسَينِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ عن أبيه قال: لَمّا تابَ اللَّهُ على أبي لُبابَةَ قال أبو لُبابَةَ: جِئتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ. فذَكَرَه. وقالَ: فقالَ: \"يُجزِئُ عَنكَ الثُّلُثُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرَّزَّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عاصِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ بمِثلِ البَيضَةِ مِن ذَهَبٍ أصابَها في بَعضِ المَغازِي، أو قال: المَعادِنِ، فجاءَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن رُكنِه الأيمَنِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خُذْها مِنِّي صَدَقَةً، واللِه ما لِي مالٌ غَيرُها. فأَعرَضَ عنه، ثُمَّ جاءَ بها عن رُكنِه الأيسَرِ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ بها مِن بَينِ يَدَيه فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"هاتِها\". فحَذَفَه حَذفَةً لَو أصابَته لأوجَعَته أو عَقَرَته، ثُمَّ قال: \"يَعمِدُ أحَدُكُم فيأتِي بمالِه فيتَصَدَّقُ به، ثُمَّ يَقعُدُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ يَتَكَفَّفُ النّاسَ؟! إنَّما الصَّدَقَةُ عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، خُذِ الَّذِى لَكَ، لا حاجَةَ لَنا به\". فأَخَذَ الرَّجُلُ مالَه وذَهَبَ (^٢). وقالَ حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ في هَذا الحديثِ: أصبتُ هذه مِن مَعدِنٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٨٥، ٣٨٦، والطبراني (٤٥٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١١١٩)، والدارمي (١٧٠٠) عن يعلى به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٧١٨).","vol":"8","page":334},{"text":"٧٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عياضٌ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ ورسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- على المِنبَرِ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فدَعاه وأَمَرَه أن يُصَلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ، [ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الجُمُعَةَ الثّانيَةَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على المِنبَرِ، فدَعاه وأَمَرَه أن يُصَلِّىَ رَكعَتَينِ] (^١)، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الجُمُعَةَ الثّالِثَةَ فذَكَرَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"تَصَدَّقوا\". فتَصَدَّقوا، فأَعطاه ثَوبَينِ مِمّا تَصَدَّقوا، ثُمَّ قال: \"تَصَدَّقوا\". فأَلقَى هو أحَدَ ثَوبَيه، فانتَهَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكَرِهَ ما صَنَعَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"انظُروا إلَى هَذا؛ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ بهَيئَةٍ بَذَّةٍ (^٢)، فدَعوَتُه فرَجَوتُ أن تَفطنوا له فتَصَّدَّقوا عَلَيه، وتَكسونَه (^٣) فلَم تَفعَلوا، فقُلتُ: تَصَدَّقوا. فتَصَدَّقوا، فأَعطَيتُه ثَوبَينِ مِمّا تَصَدَّقوا، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: تَصَدَّقوا. فأَلقَى أحَدَ ثَوبَيه، خُذْ ثَوبَكَ\". وانتَهَرَهُ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرَةَ بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِى بمِصرَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٣.\n(^٢) بهيئة بذة. رث الهئية. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٤٦.\n(^٣) كذا بالنسخ بإثبات النون، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وذكر محققوا المسند أنها هكذا في نسخ أحمد أيضًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٩٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٣٥) من طريق يحيى به. وتقدم في (٥٧٥٩، ٥٨٨٢).","vol":"8","page":335},{"text":"قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَبَقَ دِرهَمٌ مِائَه ألفٍ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَيفَ يَسبِقُ دِرهَمٌ مِائَةَ ألفٍ؟ قال: \"رَجُلٌ كان له دِرهَمانِ فأَخَذَ أحَدَهُما فتَصَدَّقَ به، وآخَرُ له مالٌ كَثيرٌ فأخَذَ مِن عُرْضِها (^١) مِائَةَ ألفٍ\". يَعنِى فتَصَدَّقَ بها (^٢).\n\n٧٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: جاءَ ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ أحَدُهُم: لِى مِائَةُ أوقيَّةٍ فتَصَدَّقتُ بعَشْرَةِ (^٣) أواقٍ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: لِى مِائَةُ دينارٍ فتَصَدَّقتُ بعَشَرَةِ دَنانيرَ. قال الثالِثُ: لِى عَشَرَةُ دَنانيرَ فتَصَدَّقتُ بدينارٍ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"تَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ رَجُل مِنكُم بعُشرِ مالِه، كُلُّكُم في الأجرِ سَواءٌ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1753>بابُ كَراهيَةِ إمساكِ الفَضلِ وغَيرُه مُحتاجٌ إلَيهِ</span>\n\n٧٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي\n_________\n(^١) عرضها: جانبها. ينظر حاشية السندى على النسائي ٥/ ٦٣.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٦. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٥٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٤٧) من طريق صفوان به.\n(^٣) كذا بالنسخ بإثبات الهاء، والأصل حذفها لمخالفة العدد للمعدود تذكيرًا وتأنيثًا في مثل هذا. ينظر شرح الرضى على الكافية ٣/ ٢٩١. (منشورات جامعة تونس).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٥٥) بالإسناد الأول. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٤٣: إسناده وسط.","vol":"8","page":336},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ النَّضرِ قالا: حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ الجَهضمِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ. وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ الحَنَفِيُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا شَدّادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا ابنَ آدَمَ إنّكَ أن تَبذُلَ الفَضلَ خَيرٌ لَكَ، وأَن تُمسِكَه شَرٌّ لَكَ، ولا تُلامُ على كَفافٍ (^١)، وابدأْ بمَن تَعولُ، واليَدُ العُليا خيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى\". لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ بَشارٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الجَهضَمِيِّ: شَدّادٌ أبو عَمّارٍ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ عليٍّ الجَهضَمِيِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ أبو الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ في سَفَرٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ على راحِلَةٍ له. قال: فجَعَلَ يَضرِبُ يَمينًا وشِمالًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كان مَعَه فضلٌ مِن ظَهير فليَعُدْ به على مَن لا ظَهرَ له، ومَن كان\n_________\n(^١) الكفاف: مقدار الحاجة من غير زيادة ولا نقص؛ سمى بذلك لأنه يكف عن سؤال الناس ويغنى عنهم. المصباح المنير ص ٢٠٤ (ك ف ف).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٣٤٣) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٦٥) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٣٦/ ٩٧) عن نصر بن على وحده.","vol":"8","page":337},{"text":"عِندَه فضلٌ مَن زادٍ فليَعُدْ به على مَن لا زادَ له\". قال: فذَكَرَ مِن أصنافِ المالِ ما ذَكَرَ حَتَّى ظَنَّنا أنَّه لا حَقَّ لأحَدٍ مِنا في فضلٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ ومَهدِيُّ بنُ حَفصٍ قالا: حدثنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن مُطعِمِ بنِ المِقدامِ، عن نَصِيحٍ (^٣) العَنْسِيِّ، عن رَكبٍ المِصرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"طوبَى لِمَن تَواضعَ مِن غَيرِ مَنقَصةٍ، وذَلَّ في نَفسِه مِن غَيرِ مَسكنَة، وأَنفَقَ مالًا جَمَعَه في غَيرِ مَعصيَةٍ، ورَحِمَ أهلَ الذُّلِّ والمَسكَنَةِ، وخالَطَ أهلَ الفِقهِ والحِكمَةِ، طوبَى لِمَن ذَلَّ في نَفْسِه وطابَ كَسبُه، وصَلَحَت سَريرَتُه، وحَسُنَت عَلانيتُه، وعَزَلَ عن النّاسِ شَرَّه، طوبَى لِمَن عَمِلَ بعِلمِه، وأَنفَقَ الفَضلَ مِن مالِه، وأَمسَكَ الفَضلَ مِن قَولِه\" (^٤).\n\n٧٨٦٠ - وأخبرَنا على، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن المُطعِمِ بنِ مِقدامٍ وعَنبَسَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ الكَلاعِيِّ، عن نَصيحٍ، عن رَكبٍ المِصرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"طوبَى لِمَن ذَلَّ في نَفسِه وطابَ كَسبُه\". وقالَ: \"طوبَى لِمَن حَسُنَت سَريرَتُه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٩٣)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٣) من طريقه أبي الأشهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٨/ ١٨).\n(^٣) كذا ضبطها في الأصل، وفي الحاشية: \"أصله مضبوط: نُصَيح\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في التواضع والخمول (٧٦)، وفي الصمت (٤٣) عن مهدى بن حفص به مفرقا في الموضعين.","vol":"8","page":338},{"text":"وكَرُمَت عَلانيتُه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1754>بابُ ما ورَدَ في حُقوقِ المالِ</span>\n\n٧٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَن بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ إِبِلٍ ولا غَنَمٍ ولا بَقَرٍ لا يُؤَدِّي حَقَّها إلَّا أُقعِدَ لَها يَومَ القيامَةِ بقاعٍ قَرقَرٍ تَطؤُه ذاتُ الظِّلفَةِ بظِلفِها، وتَنطِحُه ذاتُ القَرْنِ بقَرْنِها، لَيسَ يَومَئذٍ فيها جَمّاءُ ولا مَكسورَةُ القَرنِ\". فلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وما حَقُّها؟ قال: \"إطراقُ فحلِها (^٢)، وإعارَةُ دَلوها، ومَنيحَتُها (^٣)، وحَلَبُها على الماءِ، وحَملٌ عَلَيها في سَبيلِ اللَّه، ولا مِن صاحِبِ مالٍ لا يُؤَدِّي زَكاتَه إلَّا تَحَوَّلَ يَومَ القيامَةِ شُجاعًا أقرَعَ يَتبَعُ صاحِبَه حَيثُما ذَهَبَ وهو يَفِرُّ مِنه، ويُقالُ: هَذا مالُكَ الَّذِى كُنتَ تَبخَلُ به، فإِذا رأَى أنَّه لا بُدَّ له مِنه أدخَلَ يَدَه في فيه فجَعَلَ يَقضَمُها كما يَقضَمُ الفَحلُ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الأعرابي (٢٣٠٧) عن عبيد بن شريك به. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٨، ٣٣٩، والطبراني (٤٦١٥، ٤٦١٦) من طريق ابن عياش به. ووقع عند البخاري في موضع: صالح العنسي، ونبه عليه. وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٤٤: ركب يجهل، ولم تصح له صحبة، ونصيح. وضعف إسناده ابن حجر في الإصابة ٣/ ٥٥١.\n(^٢) إطراق فحلها: أي إعارته للضراب أي التنقيح. النهاية ٣/ ١٢٢.\n(^٣) المنيحة من الحيوان: ناقة أو بقرة أو شاة ينتفع بلبنها ووبرها وصوفها وشعرها زمانًا ثم يردها. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٠٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٥٣) من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"8","page":339},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^١).\n\n٧٨٦٢ - ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ بمَعناه، قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ: وسَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ [هَذا القَولَ، ثُمَّ سألْنا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ مِثلَ قَولِ عُبَيدٍ. وقالَ أبو الزُّبَيرِ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ] (^٢): قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما حَقُّ الإِبِلِ؟ قال: \"حَلَبُها على الماءِ، وإعارَةُ دَلوها، وإعارَةُ فحلِها، ومَنيحَتُها، وحَملٌ عَلَيها في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\" (^٣). أخبرَناه أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى ابنِ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٥).\nورِوايَةُ أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُنقَطِعَةٌ، ورِوايَتُه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مُسنَدَةٌ.\n\n٧٨٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"ولا صاحِبِ إبِل\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٨٨/ ٢٨).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٤٢).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٦٨٦٦)، وعنه أحمد (١٤٤٤٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٨٨/ ٢٧).","vol":"8","page":340},{"text":"لا يُعطِى حَقَّها، ومِن حَقِّها حَلَبُها يَومَ ورْدِها، إلّا وهِىَ تُجمَعُ له يَومَ القيامَةِ لا يَفقِدُ مِنها فصيلًا واحِدًا، ثُمَّ يُبطَحُ لَها بقاع قَرقَرٍ تَطؤُه بأَخفافِها، وتَعَضُّه بأَفواهِها، كُلّما مَرَّ عليه آخِرُها رَجَعَ عَلَيه أوَّلُها في يَومٍ كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنةٍ حَتَّى يُقضَى بَينَ النّاسِ، فيرَى سَبيلَه إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وإمّا إلَى النّارِ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يونُسَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^٣). ورَواه سُهَيلُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبيه فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ إبِلٍ لا يُؤَدِّي زَكاتَها\". ولَم يَذكُرِ اللَّفظَ في الحَلَبِ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٦٤ - ورَواه أبو عُمَرَ الغُدَانِيُّ عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه فيمَن لا يُؤَدِّي حَقَّها، فقيلَ له: وما حَقُّ الإِبِلِ يا أبا هُرَيرَةَ؟ قال: تُعطى الكَريمَةَ، وتَمنَحُ الغَزيرَةَ، وتُفقِرُ الظَّهرَ (^٥)، وتُطرِقُ الفَحلَ، وتَسقِى اللَّبَنَ. أَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي عُمَرَ الغُدَانِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ. فذَكَرَه، واللَّفظُ مُختَلِفٌ، إلَّا ما نَقَلتُه مِن لَفظِ أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٦). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ قَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٠٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٥٩) من طريق هشام بن سعد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤٩٣، ٧٦٠٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٠٥).\n(^٥) إفقار الظهر: إعارته للركوب. معالم السنن ٢/ ٧٥.\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٥١)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي (٢٤٤١) من طريق قتادة به دون قول أبي هريرة الأخير. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٦٢).","vol":"8","page":341},{"text":"تُوهِمُ أنَّ تَفسيرَ الحَقِّ في رِوايَةِ أبي صالِحٍ مِن قَولِ أبي هريرةَ كما هو في رِوايَةِ أبي عُمَرَ الغُدَانِيِّ مِن قَولِ أبي هُرَيرَةَ.\nوقَد ذَهَبَ أكثَرُ العُلَماءِ إلَى أنَّ وُجوبَ الزَّكاةِ نَسَخَ وُجوبَ هذه الحُقوقِ سِوَى الزَّكاةِ ما لَم يُضطَرَّ إلَيه غَيرُه، وقَد مَضتِ الدَّلالَةُ على ذَلِكَ في أوَّلِ كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^١)، وقَد ورَدَت أخبارٌ في التَّحريضِ على المَنيحَةِ (^٢)، وهِى مَحمولَةٌ على الاستِحبابِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1755>بابُ ما ورَدَ في تَفسيِر الماعونِ</span>\n\n٧٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بَكْرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نَعُدُّ الماعونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عاريَّةَ الدَّلو والقِدرِ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٦٦ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَيبانُ عن عاصِمٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وزادَ الفأْسَ وما تَتَعاطَونَ بَينَكُم. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ، عن أبي وائلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٧٣٠٩ - ٧٣٢٢).\n(^٢) ينظر ما سيأتي في (٧٨٧٤ - ٧٨٧٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٦٥٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٧٠١) عن قتيبة به.","vol":"8","page":342},{"text":"عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٧٨٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي العُبَيدَينِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: هو مَنعُ الفأسِ والدَّلو والقِدرِ وما يَتَعاطَى النّاسُ بَينَهُم (^٢).\nورَواه الحارِثُ بنُ سوَيدٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٦٨ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾ [الماعون: ٧] قال: عاريَّةُ المَتاعِ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الماعونُ مَتاعُ البَيتِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٧٥٥.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٧٥٤. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٧٣ من طريق المسعودي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧١١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٧٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو بكر الدينوري في المجالسة (٣٥٥١) من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد الله به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧٢٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٧٥ من طريق وكيع به، وعد ابن أبي شيبة: القدر والدلو. وعند ابن جرير: الفاس والدلو.\n(^٥) تفسير مجاهد ص ٧٥٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٧٦ من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"8","page":343},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي يَزيدَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١).\nوذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ إلَى أنَّها الزَّكاةُ المَفروضَةُ:\n\n٧٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو الثَّورِيُّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، جَميعًا عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عليٍّ -﵁-: ﴿وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾ قال: هِىَ الزَّكاةُ المَفروضَةُ؛ يُراءونَ بصَلاتِهِم، ويَمنَعونَ زَكاتَهُم. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢). وفِى حَديثِ (^٣) الثَّورِيِّ قال: قال عليٌّ: الماعونُ الزَّكاةُ (^٤). لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه السُّدِّيُّ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن عليٍّ -﵁- (^٥).\n\n٧٨٧١ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٤/ ٩٠.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٣٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧١٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٦٧، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٥٤٧٨) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: رواية\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٩٩، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٦٧ من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٦٧.","vol":"8","page":344},{"text":"ابنِ إسحاقَ المُؤَمَّلِيِّ (^١)، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾ قال: الزَّكاةُ.\n\n٧٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو سُلَيمانَ الأشقَرُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ القُرَشِيُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ دِرهَمٍ، عن أنَسٍ: الماعونُ الزَّكاةُ.\n\n٧٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيع، عن سعيدِ ابنِ عُبَيدٍ الطّائيِّ، عن عليِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ الوالِبِيِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن الماعونِ قال: أَيْشٍ (^٢) يَقولونَ فيها؟ قال: قُلتُ: يَقولونَ: ما يَتَعاطَى النّاسُ بَينَهُم. فقال: ما يَقولونَ شَيئًا، هو المالُ الَّذِى لا يُعطَى حَقُّه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1756>بابُ ما ورَدَ في المَنيحَةِ</span>\n\n٧٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ يَعقوبَ السّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبي. قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ -والحَديثُ لِلعباسِ- قالا: حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الموصلي\".\n(^٢) أيش: منحوت من: أي شئ، بمعناه. ينظر معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٤١.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٧١٥) عن وكيع مختصرًا. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٩٩ من طريق سعيد ابن عبيد به.","vol":"8","page":345},{"text":"دَخَلَ أبو كَبْشَةَ السَّلولِيُّ مَسجِدَ دِمَشقَ، فقامَ إلَيه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي زَكَريّا ومَكحولٌ وأبو بَحْريَّةَ في أُناسٍ. قال حَسّانُ: فكُنتُ فيمَن قامَ إلَيه، فحَدَّثَنا قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أربَعونَ حَسَنَةً أعلاها مِنْحَةُ العَنْزِ، لا يَعمَلُ رَجُلٌ بخَصلَةٍ مِنها رَجاءَ ثَوابِها وتَصديقَ مَوعودِها إلَّا أدخَلَه اللَّهُ بها الجَنَّةَ\". قال حَسّانُ: فذَهَبْنا نَعُدُّ رَدَّ السَّلامِ وإِماطَةَ الحَجَرِ ونَحوَ ذَلِكَ مِمّا دونَ مِنْحَةِ العَنْزِ، فما أجَزنا خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ (^١).\n\n٧٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أبي كَبْشَةَ السَّلولِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أربَعونَ خَصلَةً أعلاهُنَّ مَنيحَةُ العَنزِ، ما يَعمَلُ عبدٌ مِنها بخَصلَةٍ رَجاءَ ثَوابِها وتَصديقَ مَوعودِها إلَّا أدخَلَه اللَّهُ ﷿ بها الجَنَّةَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَولَ حَسّانَ بمَعناه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطِيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدٍ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه نَهَى. وذَكَر خِصالًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٨٥٣) عن أبي المغيرة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٨٤)، وأبو داود (١٦٨٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٣١).","vol":"8","page":346},{"text":"وقالَ: \"ومَن مَنَحَ مَنيحَةً غَدَت بصَدَقَةٍ وراحَت بصَدَقَة صَبوحِها وغَبوقِها (^١) \". رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ عن زَكَريّا (^٢).\n\n٧٨٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-: \"أفضَلُ الصدَقَة المَنيحةُ، ألا رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يَمنَحُ أهلَ بَيتٍ ناقَةً تَغدو برِفدٍ (^٣) وتَروحُ برِفدٍ، إن أجرَها عِندَ اللَّهِ عَظيمٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلم ببَعضِ مَعناه عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1757>بابُ ما ورَدَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ﴾ [الحشر: ٩]</span>\n\n٧٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٦) أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدُوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ، عن فُضَيلٍ يَعنِى ابنَ غَزوانَ،\n_________\n(^١) الصبوح: الشرب أول النهار، والغبوق: شرب أول الليل، ويجوز فيهما النصب على الظرفية، والجر على البدلية. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ١٠٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦١٨٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٢٠).\n(^٣) الرفد: قدح تحلب فيه الناقة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحميدى (١٠٦١)، وأحمد (٧٣٠١) عن سفيان به بمعناه.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠١٩).\n(^٦) في ص ٤، م: \"الحسين\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٥٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥١٩. وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا.","vol":"8","page":347},{"text":"عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ إلَى نِسائِه فقالوا: ما عِندَنا إلَّا الماءُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يُضيفُ هَذا؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: أنا. فانطَلَقَ به إلَى امرأتِه فقالَ: أكرِمِى ضَيفَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَت: ما معنا إلا قوتُ الصِّبيانِ. فقالَ: هَيِّئى طَعامَكِ، وأَطفِئى سِراجَكِ، ونَوِّمِى صبيانَكِ إذا أرادوا العَشاءَ. فَهَيّأت طَعامَها وأَصلَحَت سِراجَها ونَوَّمَت صبيانَها، ثُمَّ قامَت كأنَّها تُصلِحُ سِراجَها فأَطفأَته، وجَعَلا يُريانِه أنَّهُما يأكُلانِ، وباتا طاويَينِ (^١)، فلَمّا أصبَحَ غَدا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لَقَد ضَحِكَ اللَّهُ اللَّيلَةَ -أو: عَجِبَ- مِن فِعالِكُما\". وقالَ: فأَنزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾ الآية (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن فُضَيلِ ابنِ غَزوانَ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: مَرِضَ ابنُ عُمَرَ فاشتَهَى عِنَبًا أوَّلَ ما جاءَ العِنَبُ، فأَرسَلَت صَفيَّةُ بدِرهَمٍ فاشتَرَت عُنقودًا بدِرهَمٍ، فاتَّبع الرَّسولَ سائلٌ، فلَمّا أتَى\n_________\n(^١) طاويين: جائعين، والطوى: ضمور البطن من الجوع. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأصماء والصفات (٩٧٩). وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٧٤٠) عن مسدد به. والبخارى (٤٨٨٩)، والترمذى (٣٣٠٤)، والنسانى في الكبرى (١١٥٨٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٨٦) من طريق فضيل به. وهو عند الترمذى والنسائى مختصر.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٧٩٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٥٤).","vol":"8","page":348},{"text":"البابَ دَخَلَ (^١) قال: السّائلَ السّائلَ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: أعطُوه إيّاه. فأَعطَوه إيّاه، ثُمَّ أرسَلَت بدرهَمٍ آخَرَ فاشتَرَت به عُنقودًا، فاتَّبعَ الرَّسولَ السّائلُ، فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى البابِ ودَخَلَ قال: السّائلَ السّائلَ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: أعطُوه إيّاه. فأَعطَوه إيّاه، فأَرسَلَت صَفيَّةُ إلَى السّائلِ فقالَت: واللَّهِ لَئن عُدتَ لا تصيبنَّ مِنِّى خَيرًا أبَدًا، ثُمَّ أرسَلَت بدِرهَمٍ آخَرَ فاشتَرَت بهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1758>بابُ ما ورَدَ في سقىِ الماءِ</span>\n\n٧٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والحَسَنِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ أنَّه أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: أىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أعجَبُ إلَيكَ؟ قال: \"سَقىُ الماءِ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ، وفِى حَديثِ عَفّانَ: أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ودخل\". وهو موافق لمصدر التخريج.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٨١). وأخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٧٨٢)، وأحمد في الزهد ص ١٩٠ من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٨٠) من طريق محمد بن عرعرة به. وأحمد (٢٢٤٥٩)، والنسائى (٣٦٦٨) من طريق شعبة عن قتادة عن الحسن وحده. وابن خزيمة (٢٤٩٦) من طريق شعبة عن قتادة عن سعيد وحده. والنسائى (٣٦٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٩٧) من طريق قتادة عن سعيد وحده. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٤٧: هذا منقطع قوى.","vol":"8","page":349},{"text":"أىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أفضَلُ؟ وزادَ: قال: وكانَ لِسَعدٍ سِقايَة بالمَدينَةِ. قال: قُلتُ لِقَتادَةَ: مَن قال: لآلِ سَعدٍ؟ قال: الحَسَنُ.\n\n٧٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بَكْرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا علىُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الَّذِى كان يَنزِلُ في بَنِى دالانَ، عن نبُيحٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما مُسلِمٍ كَسا ثَوبًا على عُري كَساه اللَّهُ مِن خُضْرِ الجَنَّةِ (^١)، وأَيُّما مُسلِم أطعَمَ مُسلِمًا على جوعٍ أطعَمَه اللَّهُ مِن ثِمارِ الجَنَّةِ، وأَيُّما مُسلِم سقَى مُسلِمًا على ظَمأٍ سَقاه اللهُ مِنَ الرَّحيقِ المَختومِ\" (^٢).\n\n٧٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حدثنا (^٣) بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ (^٤)، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"بَينَما رَجُلٌ يَمشِى بطَريقٍ اشتَدَّ عَلَيه العَطَشُ، فوَجَدَ بئرًا فنَزَلَ بها فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فإِذا كَلبٌ يَلهَثُ يأكُلُ الثَّرَى مِنَ العَطَشِ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: لَقَد بَلَغَ\n_________\n(^١) أى من ثيابها الخضر. عون المعبود ٢/ ٥٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٩٤)، وأبو داود (١٦٨٢) وعنده: \"كسا مسلمًا ثوبًا\". وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٧١).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أخبرنا\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الحسين البيهقى\".","vol":"8","page":350},{"text":"بهَذا (^١) مِن العَطَش مِثلُ الَّذِى كان بَلَغَنِى\" -وفِى رِوايَةِ قُتَيبَةَ: \"مِثلُ ما بَلَغتُ\"- \"فنَزَلَ البِئرَ فمَلأَ خفَّه ماءً، فأَمسَكَه بفيه حَتّى رَقِىَ فسَقَى الكَلبَ، فشَكَرَ اللَّه له فغَفَرَ له\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وإِنَّ لَنا في البَهائمِ لأجرًا؟ فقالَ: \"في كُلِّ ذاتَ كَبِدٍ رَطْبَةٍ أُجرٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن سُراقَةَ بنِ مالكِ ابنِ جُعشُمٍ أنَّه جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في وجَعِه فقالَ: أرأيتَ الضّالةَ تَرِدُ على حَوضِ إبِلى، هَل لِى أجرٌ إن سَقَيتُها؟ قال: \"نعم، في الكبِدِ الحَرَّى (^٤) أجرٌ\" (^٥).\n\n٧٨٨٤ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنُ يَسارٍ عن الزّهرِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بلغ هذا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٧٢) بالإسناد الأول، ومالك ٩/ ٩٢٩، ٩٣٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٧٤)، والبخارى (٢٣٦٣)، وابن حبان (٥٤٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٦٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٤٤).\n(^٤) الحرى: أى: العطشى. والحرر: يبس الكبد عند العطش وشدة الحزن. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٣/ ١٨١.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٩٢)، وعنه أحمد (١٧٥٨٨).\n(^٦) بعده في الأصل، س، م: \"بن كعب\" خطأ؛ وقد ضبب عليه في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"كذا وقع وصوابه عن عبد الرحمن بن مالك بن جعشم عن أبيه عن عمه سراقة\". وقد جاء على الصواب عند أحمد وابن ماجه. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢١٤، ١٧/ ٣٧٩.","vol":"8","page":351},{"text":"ابنِ مالكٍ عن عَمِّه سُراقَةَ بنِ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ قال: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الضّالَّةِ مِنَ الإبِلِ تَغشَى حَوضى، هَل لى مِن أجرٍ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وكُلُّ ذِى كَبِدٍ حَرَّى\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبيه عن عمِّهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسَماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِى كُدَيرٌ الضَّبِّىُّ أنَّ رَجُلًا أعرابيًّا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: أخبِرنِى بعَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُنِى مِن طاعَتِه ويُباعِدُنِى مِنَ النّارِ. قال: \"أوَ هُما أعمَلَتاكَ (^٣)؟ \". قال: نعم. قال: \"تقولُ العَدلَ وتُعطِى الفَضلَ\". قال: واللهِ ما أستَطيعُ أن أقولَ العَدلَ كُل ساعَةٍ، وما أستَطيعُ أن أُعطىَ فضلَ مالِى. قال: \"فتُطعِمُ الطَّعامَ وتُفشِى السَّلامَ\". قال: هذه أيضًا شَديدَةٌ. قال: \"فهَل لَكَ إبلٌ؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٨١) عن يعلى، وعنده: عبد الرحمن بن مالك بن جعشم عن أبيه عن عمه. وابن ماجه (٣٦٨٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق، وعنده: عبد الرحمن بن مالك بن جعشم عن أبيه عن جده سراقة بن جعشم.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٨٤) عن يزيد. وعنده: محمد بن إسحاق عن الزهرى عن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أعلمتاك\" اهـ.\nويقال: أعمل فلان ذهنه في كذا وكذا إذا دبره بفهمه. تهذيب اللغة ٢/ ٤٢١.","vol":"8","page":352},{"text":"نَعَم. قال: \"فانظُر بَعيرًا مِن إبِلِكَ وسِقاءً، ثُمَّ اعمِدْ إلَى أهلِ أبياتٍ لا يَشرَبونَ الماءَ إلَّا غِبًّا (^١) فاسقِهِم، فلَعَلَّكَ ألَّا يَهلِكَ بَعيرُكَ ولا يَنخَرِقَ سِقاؤُكَ حَتَّى تَجِبَ لَكَ الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فانطَلَقَ الأعرابىُّ يُكَبِّرُ. قال: فما انخَرَقَ سِقاؤُه ولا هَلَكَ بَعيرُه حَتَّى قُتِلَ شَهيدًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1759>بابُ كَراهيَةِ البُخلِ والشُّحِّ والإِقتارِ</span>\n\n٧٨٨٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشر أنَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَثَلُ المُنفِقِ والبَخيلِ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلَينِ عَلَيهِما جُنَّتانِ أو جُبَّتانِ مِن حَديدٍ مِن لَدُن ثُدِيِّهِما إلَى تَراقِيهِما (^٣)، فإِذا أرادَ المُنفِقُ أن يُنفِقَ سَبَغَت عَلَيه الدِّرعُ أو مَرَّت حَتَّى تُجِنَّ (^٤) بَنانَه وتَعفوَ (^٥) أثَرَه، وإذا أرادَ البَخيلُ أن يُنفِقَ قَلَصَت (^٦) عَلَيه ولَزِمَت كُلُّ\n_________\n(^١) غبًّا: أى يوما بعد يوم. المصباح المنير ص ١٦٨ (غ ب ب).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٦٩١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٠٣) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٤٨: هذا مرسل.\n(^٣) تراقيهما: مثنى تَرْقُوة، وهى العظم الذى بين ثغرة النحر والعاتق من الجانبين. المصباح المنير ص ٢٩ (ت ر ق).\n(^٤) تجن: أى تستر. انظر المصباح المنير ص ٤٣ (ج ن ن).\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"يعفو\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وتعفو\".\n(^٦) قلصت: تضامت واجتمعت. فتح البارى ٣/ ٣٠٦.","vol":"8","page":353},{"text":"حَلْقَة مَوضِعَها حَتَّى أخَذَت بعُنُقِه أو بتَرقُوَتِه، فهو يوَسِّعُها وهِىَ لا تتسِعُ، فهو يوَسِّعُها وهِىَ لا تتَّسِعُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٨٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ولَم يَقُلْ: \"مِن حَديدٍ\"، \"فهو يوَسِّعُها ولا تتَّسِعُ\". مَرَّةً واحِدَةً (^٢)\n\n٧٨٨٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فهو يوَسِّعُها ولا تتَوَسَّعُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ عن سُفيانَ بالإسنادَينِ جَميعًا، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا [أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهابِ] (^٥) بنِ حَبيبٍ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٣٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٢٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٤٦) من طريق سفيان به. ومسلم (١٠٢١/ ...) من طريق الحسن بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٢١/ ٧٥)، والبخارى (٥٧٩٧).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: كذا وقع في نظرائها، وصوابه أبو أحمد محمد بن عبد الوهاب، والله أعلم\". ا هـ. وهو كما قال، فقد وقع عند المصنف في الشعب ٤/ ١٥٨، ٦/ ٣٢٠، كذلك، ويراجع ترجمته في تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٩.","vol":"8","page":354},{"text":"مُحاضِرٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ وهو ابنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ يَعنِى بنتَ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ يَعنِى بنتَ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنفِقِى أو (^١) انضحِى (^٢) هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا، ولا تُحصِى فيُحصِىَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ، ولا توعِى (^٣) فيوعِىَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ\" (^٤). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٨٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ الأعوَرُ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه أخبَرَه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ أنَّها جاءَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، لَيسَ لى شَئٌ إلَّا ما أدخَلَ عليَّ الزُّبَيرُ، فهَل علىَّ جُناحٌ في أن أرضَخَ (^٦) مِمّا يُدخِلُ عَلَىَّ؟ فقالَ: \"ارضَخِى ما استَطَعتِ، ولا توعِى فيوعِىَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ\" (^٧). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\"، فرَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن حَجّاجٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن حَجّاجٍ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) انضحى: أى صبى. وهو بمعنى العطاء. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧.\n(^٣) أى: لا تجمعى وتشحى بالنفقة فيُشَحَّ عليك وتُجازَىْ بتضييق رزقك. النهاية ٥/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٢٢)، والنسائى (٢٥٤٩) من طريق هشام به. وهو عند النسائى مختصر.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٤٣٣، ٢٥٩١)، ومسلم (١٠٢٩/ ٨٨).\n(^٦) الرضخ: العطية القليلة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٧) أخرجه النسائى (٢٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٧) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٨٨) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند النسائى: \"ولا توكى فيوكى\".\n(^٨) البخارى (١٤٣٤)، ومسلم (١٠٢٩/ ٨٩).","vol":"8","page":355},{"text":"٧٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ قال لِى: أَنفِقْ أُنفِقْ عَلَيكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِه وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى مُزَرِّدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن يَومٍ يُصبِحُ العِبادُ فيه إلَّا مَلَكانِ يَنزِلانِ، فيقولُ أحَدُهُما: اللَّهُمَّ أعطِ مُنفِقًا خَلَفًا. ويَقولُ الآخَرُ: اللَّهُمَّ أعطِ مُمسِكًا تَلَفًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n٧٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما نَقَصَت صَدَقَةٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى في تفسيره ١/ ٣٣٣ من طريق أبى طاهر الفقيه به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٩٣/ ٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٨٢٧)، وفى الآداب (١٠٦). وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى كما في تحفة الأشراف (١٣٣٨١) عن الدورى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠١٠)، والبخارى (١٤٤٢).","vol":"8","page":356},{"text":"مالٍ، وما زادَ الله بعَفوٍ إلَّا عِزًّا، وما تَواضَعَ أحَدٌ للَّهِ إلَّا رَفَعَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ العباسِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَزّازُ لَفظًا، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّة، سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الحارِثِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إيّاكُم والشُّحَّ؛ فإِنَّه أهلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم، أمَرَهُم بالقَطيعَةِ فقَطَعوا، وأَمَرَهَم بالبُخلِ فبَخِلوا، وأَمَرَهُم بالفُجورِ ففَجَروا\" (^٣).\n\n٧٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما يُخرِجُ رَجُلٌ شَيئًا مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ حَتَّى يَفُكُّ عن لَحيى (^٤) سبعينَ شَيطانًا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٢٤٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٩٠٠٨)، والترمذى (٢٠٢٩) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٤٨٧)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٨٩)، وسيأتى في (٢١١٧٩).\n(^٤) اللحى: بفتح اللام وكسرها، العظم الذى تنبت عليه اللحية من الإنسان، وهو في سائر الحيوان. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٥٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٥٠: =","vol":"8","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1760>بابُ وُجوه الصَّدَقَةِ وما على كُلِّ سُلامَى مِنَ النّاسِ مِنها كُلَّ يَومٍ</span>\n\n٧٨٩٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ سُلامَى (^١) مِنَ النّاسِ عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ كلَّ يَومٍ تَطلُعُ عَلَيه الشَّمسُ\". قال: \"ما يَعدِلُ بَينَ اثنَينِ صَدَقَةٌ، ويُعينُ الرَّجُلَ في دابَّتِه، ويَحمِلُه عَلَيها أو يَرفَعُ له عَلَيها مَتاعَه صَدَقَةٌ، والكَلمَةُ الطَّيِّبةُ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ خَطوَة يَمشيها إلَى الصَّلاةِ صَدَقَةٌ، ويُميطُ الأذَى عن الطَّريقِ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٢).\nرَواه البخارىُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٧٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ سنةَ إحدَى وأَربَعينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ\n_________\n= لم يخرجوه، سمعه أبو معاوية منه.\n(^١) السلامى: عظام الأصابع وسائر الكف، ثم استعمل في جميع عظام البدن ومفاصله. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٥/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٦)، والأربعين الصغرى (٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٣٨١) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وأحمد (٨١١١)، وابن خزيمة (١٤٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٧٢) من طريق معمر به مختصرا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٠٧، ٢٨٩١، ٢٩٨٩)، ومسلم (١٠٠٩).","vol":"8","page":358},{"text":"محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى بُردَةَ بنِ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ\". قالوا: فإِن لَم يجِد؟ قال: \"فيَعمَلُ بيَدِه فيَنفَعُ نَفسَه ويَتَصدَّقُ\". قالوا: فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ، أو لَم يَفعَلْ؟ قال: \"فيعينُ ذا الحاجَةِ المَلهوفَ\". قالوا: فإِن لَم يفعَلْ؟ قال: \"فيأمُرُ بالخَيرِ\". أو قال: \"بالمَعروفِ\". قالوا: فإِن لَم يَفعَل؟ قال: \"فليمسِكْ عن الشَّرِّ، فإنَّه له صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن أخيه زَيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ فرُّوخَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ تَقولُ: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّه خلِقَ كلُّ إنسانٍ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ على سِتّينَ وثَلاِثمِائَةِ مَفْصِلٍ، فمَن كَبَّرَ اللهَ، وحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وهَلَّلَ اللَّهَ، وسَبحَ اللَّهَ، واستَغفَرَ اللَّهَ، وعَزَلَ حَجَرًا عن طَريقِ النّاسِ، أو عَزَلَ شَوكَةً عن طَريقِ النّاسِ، أو أمَرَ بمَعروفٍ، أو نَهَى عن مُنكَرٍ، عَدَدَ تِلكَ السِّتّينَ والثَّلاِثمِائَة (^٣) السُّلامَى فإِنَّه يُمسِى يَومَئذٍ وقَد زَحزَحَ نَفسَه عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٩٣)، والآداب (١١٨). وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢٢٥) عن آدم به. وأحمد (١٩٥٣١)، والنسائى (٢٥٣٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٠٢٢)، ومسلم (١٠٠٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"ثلاثمائة\". والمثبت موافق لمصادر التخريج.","vol":"8","page":359},{"text":"النارِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلْوانِى عن أبى تَوبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُقَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ، أنَ ناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قالوا لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أيَذهَبُ أهلُ الدُّثورِ بالأجرِ! يُصَلُّونَ كما نُصَلِّى، ويَصومونَ كما نَصومُ، ويَتَصَدَّقونَ بفُضولِ أموالِهِم؟ قال: \"أوَ لَيسَ قَد جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لكم ما تَصدَّقونَ؟ إنَّ كُل تَسبيحَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَكبيرَة صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَهلَيلَة صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَحميدَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وأَمرٌ بالمَعروفِ صَدَقَةٌ، ونَهى عن المُنكَرِ صَدَقَةٌ، وفِى بُضعِ (^٣) أحَدِكُم صَدَقَةٌ\".\nقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيأتِى أحَدُنا شَهوَتَه ويَكونُ له فيها أجرٌ؟ قال: \"أرأيتُم لَو وضَعَها في الحَرامِ أكانَ عَلَيه فيه (^٤) وزرٌ؟ \" قالوا: بَلَى. قال: \"كَذَلِكَ إذا هو وضَعَها في الحَلالِ كان لى أجرٌ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١٠٦٧٣) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٠٧/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) البُضْع: يطلق على الجماع، ويطلق على الفرج نفسه. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٩٦.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فيها\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٤٩٦١)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٢٣٣).","vol":"8","page":360},{"text":"أسماءَ (^١).\n\n٧٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ صالِحُ بنُ رُستُمٍ، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، لا تَحقِرَنَّ مِنَ المَعروفِ شَيئًا ولَو أن تَلقَى أخاكَ بوَجهٍ مُنبَسِطٍ، ولَو أن تُفرِغَ مِن دَلوكَ في إناءِ المُستَسقِى، وإذا طَبَختَ قِدرًا فأكَثِر مَرَقَتَها واغرِفْ لِجيرانِكَ مِنها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى غَسّانَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٠١ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ مَعروفٍ صَدَقَةٌ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: قال: قال نَبيّكُم -ﷺ- (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٠٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٢٨٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٢٣) من طربت عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (٢١٥١٩)، والترمذى (١٨٣٣)، وابن حبان (٤٦٨) من طريق صالح بن رستم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٢٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٨)، والطيالسى (٤١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٥٢)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢٣٣)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٧) من طريق أبى مالك به.","vol":"8","page":361},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ (^١).\n\n٧٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ حَفَدَةُ (^٢) علىِّ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالم، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا حَسَدَ إلَّا في اثنَتَينِ؛ رَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ قُرآنا فهو يَقومُ به آناءَ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ، ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ مالًا فهو يُنفِقُه آناءَ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن على، ورَواه مسلم عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٧٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٥) العَوفِىُّ، حدثنا رَوح، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ ذَكوانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا حَسَدَ إلَّا في اثنَتَينِ؛ رَجُلٌ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٠٥)، والبخارى (٦٠٢١).\n(^٢) هو محمد بن يحيى بن عمر بن على بن حرب، ابن حفيد علىّ بن حرب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٦٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٤) بالإسناد الثانى. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٥٠)، والبخارى في خلق أفعال العباد (٤٧٨)، والترمذى (١٩٣٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١٨٠٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٠٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٥٢٩)، ومسلم (٨١٥/ ٢٦٦).\n(^٥) في م: \"سعيد\". وقد تقدم في (٣٢٧٤، ٧٠٠٥)، وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٥٨.","vol":"8","page":362},{"text":"عَلَّمَه اللَّهُ القُرآن فهو يَتلوه آناءَ اللَّيلِ وآناءَ النَّهارِ، فسَمِعَه جارٌ له فقالَ: لَيتَنِى أوتيتُ مِثلَ ما أوتِىَ فُلانٌ فعَمِلتُ مِثلَ ما يَعمَلُ. ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللَّهُ مالًا فهو يُهلِكُه في الحَقِّ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا لَيتَنِى أوتيتُ مِثلَ ما (^١) أوتِىَ فُلانٌ فعَمِلتُ مِثلَ ما يَعمَلُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ ابنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن أبى كَبشَةَ الأنمارِىِّ قال: ضَرَبَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَثَلَ الدُّنيا مَثَلَ أربَعَةٍ مِنّا \"رَجُلٌ آتاه اللَّهُ عِلمًا وآتاه مالًا فهو يَعمَلُ بعِلمِه في مالِه، ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللَّهُ عِلمًا ولَم يؤتِه مالًا، فهو يقولُ: لَو آتانِى اللَّهُ ﷿ مِثلَ ما أُوتِىَ فُلانٌ لَفَعَلتُ فيه مِثلَ ما يَفعَلُ. فهُما في الأجرِ سَواءٌ، ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللَّهُ مالًا ولَم يُؤتِه عِلمًا، فهو يَمنَعُه مِن حَقِّه ويُنفِقُه في الباطِلِ، ورَجُلٌ لَم يُؤتِه اللَّهُ عِلمًا ولا مالًا، فهو يقولُ: لَو أنَّ اللَّهَ آتانِى مِثلَ ما أُوتِىَ فُلانٌ لَفَعَلتُ فيه مِثلَ ما يَفعَلُ. فهُما في الوزرِ سَواءٌ\" (^٤). كَذا رَواه الأعمَشُ.\n\n٧٩٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ ابنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الذى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٥٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢١٤) عن روح به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٠٧٣) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٨٤١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٢٨) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"8","page":363},{"text":"المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ ابنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن ابنِ أبى كَبْشَةَ الأنمارِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ضرَبَ مَثَلَ هذه الأُمَّةِ مَثلَ أربَعَةٍ \"رَجُلٌ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^١). قال علىٌّ: وابنُ أبى كَبْشَةَ هَذا مَعروفٌ، وهو محمدُ بنُ أبى كَبْشَةَ، قَد روىَ عنه حَديثٌ آخَرُ -يَعنِى عن أبيه- في وادِى ثَمودَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1761>بابُ فضلِ مَن أصبَحَ صائمًا وتَبِعَ جِنازَةً وأَطعَمَ مِسكينًا وعادَ مَريضًا</span>\n\n٧٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأخرَمُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أصبَحَ مِنكُمُ اليَومَ صائمًا؟ \" قال أبو بكرٍ: أنا. قال: \"فمَن تَبِعَ مِنكُمُ اليَومَ جِنازَةً؟ \" قال أبو بكرٍ: أنا. قال: \"فمَن أطعَمَ مِنكُمُ اليَومَ مِسكينًا؟ \" قال أبو بكرٍ: أنا. قال: \"فمَن عادَ مِنكُمُ الَيومَ مَريضًا؟ \" قال أبو بكرٍ: أنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"ما اجتَمَعنَ في امرِئٍ إلَّا دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٢٢٨) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥١٥)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨١٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٣١) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.","vol":"8","page":364},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٧٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: باكِروا بالصَّدَقَةِ؛ فإِنَّ البَلاءَ لا يَتَخَطَّى الصَّدَقَةَ (^٢). مَوقوفٌ (^٣)، وكانَ في كِتاب شَيخِنا أبى نَصرٍ الفامِىِّ مَرفوعًا، وهو وهْمٌ. وروىَ عن أبى يوسُفَ القاضِى عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1762>بابُ فضلِ صَدَقَةِ الصَّحيحِ الشَّحيحِ</span>\n\n٧٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ الغَزّالُ وأبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ قالوا: حدثنا إسَماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"لَتُنَبأنَّ؛ أن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٢٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٥٤) عن الحاكم. وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٤٤٨ من طريق المختار ابن فلفل به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: هو موقوف\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٥٣).","vol":"8","page":365},{"text":"تَصَّدَّقَ وأَنتَ صَحيحٌ شَحيحٌ تأمُلُ البقاءَ وتَخافُ الفَقرَ، ولا تُمهِلْ حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَتِ الحُلقومَ قُلتَ: لِفُلانٍ كَذا، ولِفُلانٍ كَذا، ألا وقَد كان لِفُلانٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن عُمارَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى حَبيبَةَ قال: أوصَى إلَىَّ رَجُلٌ بطائفَةٍ مِن مالِه أضعُها، فأَتَيتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ فاستأمَرتُه في الفُقَراءِ أو في المُهاجِرينَ، فقالَ: أمّا أنا فلَو كُنتُ لَم أعدِلْ بالمُهاجِرينَ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَثَلُ الَذِى يُعتِقُ عِندَ المَوتِ كالَّذِى يُهدِى بَعدَ الشِّبَعِ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٩١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى حَبيبَةَ الطّائى، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: سَمِعتُ النبىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَثَلُ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٩٢)، والشعب (٣٤٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٠٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٥٤)، وابن حبان (٣٣١٢) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به. وأبو داود (٢٨٦٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٤١) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٣٢/ ٩٢)، والبخارى (١٤١٩، ٢٧٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٩٦٨)، والترمذى (٢١٢٣) من طريق سيفان به. وعند أحمد والترمذى: \"بالمجاهدين\". بدل: \"بالمهاجرين\". واقتصر أبو داود على المرفوع. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٨٥٣).","vol":"8","page":366},{"text":"يَتَصَدَّق أو يعتِق عِندَ المَوتِ مَثَل الَّذِى يهدِى بَعدَ ما يَشبَعُ\" (^١).\n\n٧٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابن بشرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن مُرَّة، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ذَوي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٧]. قال: تَصَدَّقُ وأَنتَ صَحيحٌ شَحيحٌ تأمُلُ الغِنَى وتَخشَى الفَقرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1763>بابُ فضلِ صَدَقَةِ السِّرِّ</span>\n\n٧٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنيانِ ابنَ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى خُبَيبُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"سَبعَةٌ يظِلُّهُمُ اللَّه في ظِلِّه يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إلَّا ظِلُّه؛ الإمامُ العَدل، ورَجُلٌ نَشأَ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٠٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧١٨)، والنسائى (٣٦١٦) من طريق شعبة به. وعند أحمد زيادة: عطاء بن السائب بين شعبة وأبى إسحاق. ينظر المسند (الميمنية- ٥/ ١٩٧)، وأطراف المسند (٧٩٧٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٧٢). وأخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٢٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٧٩ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"8","page":367},{"text":"بعِبادَةِ اللَّهِ، ورَجُلٌ قَلبُه مُعَلَّقٌ [في المَساجِدِ] (^١)، ورَجُلانِ تَحابّا في اللَّهِ اجتَمَعا عَلَيه وتَفَرَّقا عَلَيه، ورَجُلٌ طَلَبته امرأةٌ ذاتُ مَنصِب وجَمالٍ فقالَ: إنِّى أخافُ اللهَ. ورَجُلٌ تَصدَّقَ بصدَقَةٍ فأَخفاها لا تَعلَمُ يَمينُه ما تُنفِقُ شِمالُه، ورَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللهَ خاليًا ففاضَت عَيناه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى.\nكَذا قالوا عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ: \"لا تَعلَمُ يَمينُه ما تُنفِقُ شِمالُه\" (^٣).\nوسائرُ الرُّواةِ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن عبيدِ اللَّهِ قالوا فيه كما:\n\n٧٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرٍ الاسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى خُبَيبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: \"ورَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقَ بصَدَقَةٍ فأَخفاها لا تَعلَمُ شِمالُه ما تُنفِقُ يَمينُه\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى هَكَذا (^٥)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن يَحيَى (^٦)، وبِمَعناه رَواه سائرُ الرُّواةِ عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالمساجد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (٢٣٩١) عن محمد بن المثنى به. ولم يذكر لفظه إلا أنه قال: نحو حديث\nمالك بن أنس بمعناه. وابن خزيمة (٥٨) عن محمد بن بشار به. وتقدم في (٥٠٥٢)، وسيأتى في (١٦٧٢٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٤٧٩)، ومسلم (١٠٣١/ ٩١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٨٤٧) من طريق يحيى بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٤٢٣).\n(^٦) أحمد (٩٦٦٥).","vol":"8","page":368},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1764>بابُ فضلِ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنَ المالِ الحَلالِ</span>\n\n٧٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بَكْرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن تَصَدَّقَ بعِدْلِ تَمرَة مَن كَسبٍ طَيِّب - ولا يَصعَدُ إلَى اللهِ إلَّا طَيِّبٌ- فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقبَلُها بيَمينِه فيُرَبِّيها لِصاحِبِها كما يُرَبِّى أحَدُكُم فَلُوَّه حَتَّى تَكونَ مِثلَ أُحُدٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فقالَ: وقالَ ورقاءُ. فذَكرَه. وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَتَصَدَّقُ أحَدٌ بتَمرةٍ مِن كَسب طَيِّب إلَّا أخَذَها اللَّهُ بيَمينِه يُرَبّيها كما يُرَبِّى أحَدُكُم فَلُوَّه أو قَلوصَه (^٤)، حَتَّى تَكونَ له مِثلَ الجَبَلِ أو أعظَمَ\" (^٥)، رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٠٥٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٨٢١) سندا ومتنا.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤١٠)، ومسلم (١٠١٤/ ٦٣).\n(^٤) تقدم معنى القلوص في (٧٤٩٥).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٣٣) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.","vol":"8","page":369},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، وأَشارَ البخارىُّ إلَى رِوايَةِ سُهَيلٍ في ذَلِكَ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه كما مَضَى.\n\n٧٩١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ جَميلِ بنِ طَريفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الثقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: دَخَلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ على ابنِ عامِرٍ يَعودُه فقالَ: يا ابنَ عُمَرَ ألا تَدعو لِى؟ قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَقبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلاةً إلَّا بطُهورٍ، ولا صَدَقَةً مِن غلولٍ\". وقد كُنتَ على البَصرَةِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1765>بابُ المَنّانِ بما أعطَى</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٤].\n\n٧٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّماكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠١٤/ ٦٣)، والبخارى عقب (١٤١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤١٩)، والترمذى (١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٦٦) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وتقدم في (١٨٩، ٣٤٢٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٤).","vol":"8","page":370},{"text":"مُسهِرٍ، عن خَرَشَةَ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلَاثةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ، ولا يَنظُرُ إلَيهِم، ولا يُزَكّيهِم ولهُم عَذابٌ أليمٌ؛ المَنّانُ بما أعطَى، والمُسبِلُ إزارَه، والمُنَفِّقُ سِلعَتَه بالحَلِفِ الكاذِبِ أو الفاجِرِ\" (^١)، أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1766>بابُ صَدَقَةِ النافِلَةِ على المُشرِكِ، وعَلَى مَن لا يُحمَدُ فِعلُه</span>\n\n٧٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ الشافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانوا يَكرَهونَ أن يَرضَخوا لأنسِبائِهِم وهُم مُشرِكونَ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٢] قال: فرُخِّصَ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n٧٩١٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِى، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ وأبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٢٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٠٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٦٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو\nداود (٤٠٨٨)، والنسائى (٤٤٧١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٦/ ...).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٥. وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (١١٠٥٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":371},{"text":"هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن جَدَّتِها أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: أتَتنِى أُمِّى وهِىَ راغِبَةٌ أفأُعطيها؟ قال: \"نَعَم صِليها\" (^١). كَذا قال سَعدانُ عن سُفيانَ.\n\n٧٩٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِئُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ أنَّه سَمِع أباه يقولُ: أخبَرَتنِى أسماءُ بنتُ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ قالَت: أتَتنِى أُمِّى [راغِبَةً في عَهدِ قُرَيشٍ] (^٢)، فسأَلتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أصِلُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال سفيانُ: وفيها نَزَلَت: ﴿لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ﴾ الآية (^٣) [الممتحنة: ٨]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إدريسَ وأَبِى أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ عن أبيهِ (^٤).\n\n٧٩٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّه أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه مِثلَ رِوايَةِ الحُمَيدِىِّ دونَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٩٣١) عن الروذبارى. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٢٩، ٣٠ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. والطبرانى ٢٤/ ١٢٦ (٣٤٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أى أتت ما بين الحديبية إلى الفتح راغبة في صلتى. وينظر فتح البارى ٥/ ٢٣٤، ١٠/ ٤١٣.\n(^٣) الحميدى (٣١٨)، وعنه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٣٩)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٩٧٨)، ومسلم (١٠٠٣).","vol":"8","page":372},{"text":"قَولِ سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٧٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ القُشَيرِىُّ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ موسَى، حدثنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ قالوا: حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال رَجُلٌ: لأتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَها في يَدِ زانيَةٍ، فأصبَحَ النّاسُ يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ على زانيَةٍ. فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على زانيَةٍ، لأتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَها في يَدِ غَنِىٍّ، فأَصبَحوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيلَةَ على غَنِىٍّ. فقال: اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على غَنِىٍّ، لأتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَها في يَدِ سارِقٍ، فأَصبَحوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيلَةَ على سارِقٍ. فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على زانيَةٍ، وعَلَى غَنِىٍّ، وعَلَى سارِقٍ. فأُتِىَ فقيلِ له: أمّا صَدَقَتُكَ فقَد قُبِلَت، أمّا الزّانيَةُ فلَعَلَّها أن تَستَعِفَّ بها عن زِناها، ولَعَلَّ الغَنِىَّ يَعتَبِرُ فيُنفِقُ مِمّا أعطاه اللَّهُ، ولَعَلَّ السّارِقَ يَستَعِفُّ بها عن سَرقَتِه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ عن أبى الزِّنادِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٢٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ٦١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٨٢)، والنسائى (٢٥٢٢)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٦) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٢٢)، والبخارى (١٤٢١).","vol":"8","page":373},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1767>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يوكِّلُ بإِعطاءِ الصَّدَقَةِ فيُعطِى الأميُن ما أُمِرَ به كامِلًا</span>\n\n٧٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ ابنِ مَعقِلٍ الأُمَوىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ الكوفِىُّ الرَّجُلُ الصّالِحُ قالا: حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى بُرَيدٌ، عن جَدِّه أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الخازِنَ الأمينَ الَّذِى يُعطِى ما أُمِرَ به كامِلًا موَفَّرًا طَيِّبَةً به نَفسُه حَتَّى يَدفَعَه إلَى الَّذِى أمِرَ له به أحَدُ، المُتَصَدِّقَينِ، أو: المُتَصَدِّقِينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وجَماعَةٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1768>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَتَصَدَّقُ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها بالشَّئِ اليَسيِر غَيَر مُفسِدَةٍ</span>\n\n٧٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أطعَمَتِ المَرأَةُ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها غَيرَ مُفسِدَةٍ فلَها أجرُها، ولَه مِثلُه، ولِلخازِنِ مِثل ذَلِكَ، بما اكتَسَبَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٦٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥١٢)، وأبو داود (١٦٨٤) من طريق أبى أسامة حماد بن أسامة به. والنسائى (٢٥٥٩) من طريق بريد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٣٨)، ومسلم (١٠٢٣).","vol":"8","page":374},{"text":"ولَها بما أنفَقَت\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمد بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسْماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أنفَقَتِ المَرأَةُ مِن طَعامِ بَيِتِها غَيرَ مُفسِدَةٍ كان لَها أجرُها بما أنفَقَت، ولِزَوجِها أجرُه بما كَسَبَ، ولِلخازِنِ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ، لا يَنقُصُ بَعضُهُم أجرَ بَعضٍ شَيئًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن مَنصورٍ في هَذا الحديثِ: \"مِن طَعامِ زَوجِها\" (^٥). وقالَ بَعضُهُم: \"إذا تَصَدَّقَت مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها\" (^٦).\n\n٧٩٢٦ - حدثنا (^٧) أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٧١)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٤) عن ابن نمير به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٩١٩٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٢٤/ ...)، والبخارى (١٤٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٩١٩٧) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٦٣٧٠)، وأبو داود (١٦٨٥)، والترمذى (٦٧٢) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٤١)، ومسلم (١٠٢٤/ ٨٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٢٤/ ...) من طريق فضيل بن عياض عن منصور به.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى (١٤٣٩) من طريق شعبة عن منصور به.\n(^٧) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: السيد\".","vol":"8","page":375},{"text":"هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَصومُ المَرأَة وبَعلُها شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِه، ولا تأذَنُ في بَيته وهو شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإذنِه، وما أنفَقَت مِن كَسبِه عن غَيرِ أمرِه فإِنَّ نِصفَ أجرِه له\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَ البخارىُّ حَديثَ الإِنفاقِ عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَوّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ، عن سَعدٍ قال: لَمّا بايَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النِّساءَ قامَتِ امرأَةٌ جَليلَةٌ (^٣) كأنَّها مِن نِساءِ مُضَرَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنا كَلٌّ (^٤) على آبائِنا وأَبنائِنا- قال أبو داودَ: وأُرَى فيه: وأَزواجِنا. وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَرب: على أبنائِنا وأَزواجِنا- فما يَحِل لَنا مِن أموالِهِم؟ قال: \"الطَّعامُ الرَّطْبُ تأكُلْنَه وتهدينَه\" (^٥). لَيسَ في حَديثِ ابنِ سَوّارٍ: \"الطَّعامُ\". تابَعَه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٠٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٨٨٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٨٨)، وأبو داود (١٦٨٧، ٢٤٥٨)، وابن حبان (٣٥٧٢، ٤١٦٨). وأخرجه البخارى (٥١٩٢) من طريق معمر به. وسيأتى في (٨٥٧٣، ١٤٨٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٢٦)، والبخارى (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٣) جلت المرأة فهى جليلة: إذا كبرت وعجزت. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) كَلٌّ: أى عيال. المصباح المنير ص ٢٠٥ (ك ل ل).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٦٨٦). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٧ - منتخب) من طريق عبد السلام به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٧٢).","vol":"8","page":376},{"text":"يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ.\n\n٧٩٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا [عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الذِّمَارِىُّ] (^٢)، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن سَعدٍ، أنَّ امرأَةً قالَت: [يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٣)، إنّا كَلٌّ على آبائنا وإِخوانِنا فما يَحِلُّ لَنا مِن أموالِهم؟ قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"مِن رَطْبِ ما تأكُلْنَ وتُهدينَ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1769>بابُ مَن حَمَلَ هذه الأخبارَ على أنَّها تُعطيه مِنَ الطَّعامِ الَّذِى أعطاها زَوجُها، وجَعَلَه بحُكمِها دونَ سائرِ أموالِه</span>\nاستِدْلالًا بأَصلِ تَحريمِ مالِ الغَيرِ إلَّا بإِذنِهِ.\n\n٧٩٢٩ - وبِما أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَوّارٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبْدَهُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، في المَرأَةِ تَصَّدَّقُ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها، قال: لا، إلَّا مِن قُوتِها والأجرُ بَينَهُما، ولا يَحِلُّ لَها أن تَصَّدَّقَ مِن مالِ زَوجِها إلَّا بإِذنِهِ (^٥). هَذا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الفقيه\".\n(^٢) في س: \"مالك بن عبد الرحمن الدينارى\"، وفى ص ٣: \"عبد الملك بن عبد الرحمن الرمادى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ١٠.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لرسول الله -ﷺ-\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (١٢٤١)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٣٤ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٦٨٨).","vol":"8","page":377},{"text":"قَولُ أبى هريرةَ، وهو أحَدُ رواةِ تِلكَ الأخبارِ.\n\n٧٩٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحُرْضىُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا اْبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ النَّهدِىُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أُمِّ حُمَيدٍ بنتِ العَيزارِ، عن أُمِّها أُمِّ عَفارٍ (^٢)، عن ثُمامَةَ بنتِ شَوّالٍ (^٣) قالَت: سألتُ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ عائشةَ وحَفصةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ: ما يَحِلُّ لِلمَرأَةِ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها؟ فرَفَعَت كُلُّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُنَّ مِنَ الأرضِ عودًا، ثُمَّ قالَت: لا، ولا ما يَزِنُ هَذا إلَّا بإِذنِهِ (^٤).\n\n٧٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ لاحِقٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنى تَميمَةُ بنتُ سلمةَ أنَّها أتَت عائشةَ في نِسوَةٍ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ، قالَت: فسألَتها امرأةٌ مِنّا فقالَت: المَرأَةُ تُصيبُ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها شَيئًا بغَيرِ (^٥) إذنِهِ؟ فغَضِبَتْ وقَطَّبَتْ، وساءَها\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحرصى\". وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٣/ ١٧٦.\n(^٢) كذا في: الأصل، ص ٤، م. وفى س: \"عفان\". وفى توضيح المشتبه ٦/ ٣٠٢: \"غفار\".\n(^٣) في س: \"سوار\". وفى توضيح المشتبه ٦/ ٣٠٢: \"عمامة بنت شوال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٧٤٩) من طريق مالك بن إسماعيل به. وفيه \"أم عمير\"، \"أم عفان\"، \"غمامة\" وفيه سقط أشار إليه المحقق \"فرفعت ... عودا\". وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٥٨: موقوف، وهؤلاء مجهولات.\n(^٥) في م: \"من غير\".","vol":"8","page":378},{"text":"ما قالَت، قالَت: لا تَسرِقِى مِنه ذَهَبًا ولا فِضَّةً، ولا تأخُذِى مِن بَيتِه شَيئًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n٧٩٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا شُرَحبيلُ ابنُ مُسلِمٍ الخَولانِىُّ، سَمِعَ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فسَمِعتُه يقولُ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه: \"ألا لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ أن تُعطِىَ مِن مالِ زَوجِها شَيئًا إلَّا بإِذنِه\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ولا الطَّعامَ؟ فقالَ (^١): \"ذاكَ أفضَلُ أموالنا\" (^٢).\n\n٧٩٣٣ - ورَوَى لْيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في حَقِّ الزَّوجِ على امرأَتِه قال: \"لا تُعطِى مِن بَيته شَيئًا إلأ بإِذنِهِ، فإِن فعَلَت ذَلِكَ كان له الأجرُ وعَلَيها الوزرُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن لَيثٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1770>بابُ المَملوكِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بالشَّئِ اليَسيِر مِن مالِ مَولاهُ</span>\n\n٧٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٢٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٩٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦٥)، والترمذى (٦٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٥) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٥٩: هذا إسناده حسن.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٠٦٣). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٨١١ منتخب) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"8","page":379},{"text":"ابنُ غِياثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى آبِى اللَّحمِ قال: كُنتُ مَملوكًا فسألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أتَصَدَّقُ مِن مالِ مَوالِىَّ بشَئٍ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، والأجرُ بَينَكُما نِصفانِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ (^٣) يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ المَدَنِىَّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَيرًا مَولَى آبِى اللَّحمِ قال: أمَرَنِى مَولاىَ أنْ أُقَدِّدَ (^٤) لَحمًا، فجاءَنِى مِسكينٌ فأَطعَمتُه مِنه، فعَلِمَ بذَلِكَ مَولاىَ فضَرَبَنِى، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لَه، فدَعاه فقالَ: \"لِمَ ضَرَبتهُ؟ \". فقالَ: يُعطى طَعامِى بغَيرِ أن آمُرَه. فقالَ: \"الأجرُ بَينَكُما\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٧٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن دِرهَمٍ قال: فرَضَ عليَّ سَيِّدِى كُلَّ يَومٍ دِرهَمًا، فأَتَيتُ أبا هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٦٧)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٢٢٩٧). وليس فيهما: نصفان.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٢٥/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) في حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه: ابنة\".\n(^٤) أقدد لحمًا: أى أقطعه. حاشية السندى على النسائي ٥/ ٦٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٢٥٣٦) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد - كما في أطراف المسند (٦٨٥٢) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٢٥/ ٨٣).","vol":"8","page":380},{"text":"فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وأَدِّ حَقَّ اللَّهِ عَلَيكَ وحَقَّ مَواليكَ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَملِكُ مِن مالِكَ ولا مِن دَمِكَ إلَّا أن تَضَعَ يَدَكَ أو تُطعِمَ مِسكينًا لُقمَةً (^١).\nومِمَّن روىَ عنه أنَّه أباحَ له أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بالشَّئِ اليَسيرِ مِن مالِه: أبو هريرةَ وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّب وسَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ والحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ والشَّعبِىُّ والنَّخَعِىُّ والزُّهرِىُّ ومَكحولٌ (^٢)، إلَّا أنَّ مَكحولًا عَلَّلَ بأَنَّه يَتَحَلَّلُه.\n\n٧٩٣٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ أبى غَنِيَّةَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيلِ قال: كَتَبَ مَعِى أهلُ الكوفَةِ بمَسائلَ أسأَلُ (^٣) عَنها ابنَ عباسٍ، فجَلَستُ إلَيه فأَتاه عبدٌ فقالَ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، إنِّى أرعَى غَنَمًا لأهلِى فيَمُرُّ بىَ الظَّمآنُ، أسقِيه؟ قال: لا ثُمَّ لا، إلَّا بأَمرِ أهلِكَ. قال: فإِنِّى أتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيه المَوتَ. قال: فاسقِه، ثُمَّ أخبِرْ أهلَكَ بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٧٩٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٨٤٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠٢١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٧٢) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٠٢٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٣٥٨، ١٠٣٦٢، ١٠٣٦٥، ١٠٣٦٦) دون ذكر أبى هريرة ومكحول.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أسأله\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٤٧) من طريق الحكم به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٠١٨) من طريق ابن أبى الهذيل به.","vol":"8","page":381},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِىُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ (^١)، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن المَملوكِ: يَتَصَدَّقُ بشَئٍ؟ فقالَ: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ﴾ [النحل: ٧٥]. لا يَتَصَدَّقُ بشَئٍ إلا أن يَكونَ في إبِلٍ راعيَةٍ، فيأتيَه رَجُلٌ قَدِ انقَطَعَ حَلقُه مِنَ العَطَشِ، يَخشَى إن لَم يَسقِه أن يَموتَ، فإِنَّه يَسقيهِ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٣٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن المَملوكِ: أيَتَصَدَّقُ بشَئٍ؟ فقالَ: لا يَتَصَدَّقُ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لا يَصلُحُ لِلعَبدِ أن يُنفِقَ مِن مالِه شَيئًا، ولا يُعطيَه أحَدًا إلا بإِذنِ سَيِّدِه، إلا أن يأكُلَ فيه بالمَعروفِ أو يَكتَسِىَ (^٤).\nوالحَديثُ المُسنَدُ يَحتَمِلُ على البُعدِ أن يَكونَ قَصَد النبىُّ -ﷺ- تَرغيبَ المالِكِ في أن يأذَنَ لِمَملوكِه في أن يَتَصَدَّقَ عنه والأجرُ بَينَهُما، وما يَدُلُّ عَلَيه ظاهِرُه مِنَ الإباحَةِ أولَى بمَن رَغِبَ في مُتابَعَةِ السُّنَّةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"هشام\".\n(^٢) حديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى (٧٧).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٠١٧). وقال الذهبى ٣/ ١٥٦٠: هو المكى ضعفوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠١٥)، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٣٤) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"8","page":382},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1771>بابُ فضلِ الاستِعفاف والاستِغناءِ بعَمَلِ يَدَيه وبِما آتاه اللَّهُ ﷿ مِن غَيِر سُؤالٍ</span>\n\n٧٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لأن يأخُذَ أحَدُكُم حبلًا (^١) فيأتِىَ الجَبَلَ، فيَجِئَ بحُزمَةٍ مِن حَطَبٍ على ظَهرِه، فيَبيعَها فيَستَغنِىَ بها، خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَسأَلَ النّاسَ أعطَوه أو مَنَعوه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ موسَى عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن قَيسٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ النَّضرِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ، قال محمدٌ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ الآخَرانِ: حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن بَيانٍ أبى (^٤) بشرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حبله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٥٣)، وفى الشعب (١٢٢٣)، والآداب (٩٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٣٦) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٧٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"ابن\" وكلاهما صواب؛ فهو بيان بن بشر أبو بشر. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٣٣.","vol":"8","page":383},{"text":"\"لأن يَغدوَ أحَدُكُم فيَحتَطِبَ على ظَهرِه فيَتَصَدَّقَ به ويَستَغنِىَ به عن النّاسِ خَيرٌ مِن أن يَسأَلَ رَجُلًا أعطاه أو مَنَعَه؛ ذَلِكَ بأَنَّ اليَدَ العُليا أفضَلُ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى، وابدأْ بمَن تَعولُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن إسماعيلَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ ومِن حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ ناسًا مِنَ الأنصارِ سألوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَعطاهُم، ثُمَّ سألوه فأَعطاهُم، حَتَّى إذا نَفِدَ ما عِندَه قال: \"ما يَكُنْ عِندِى مِن خَيرٍ فلَن أدَّخِرَه عَنكُم، ومَن يَستَعفِفْ (^٣) يُعِفَّه اللَّهُ، ومَن يَستَغنِ يُغنِه اللَّهُ، ومَن يَصبِرْ يُصَبِّرْه اللهُ، وما أُعطِىَ أحَدٌ مِن عَطاءٍ خَيرٌ ولا أوسَعُ مِنَ الصَّبرِ\" (^٤). لَفظ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٥١) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٤٢/ ١٠٦) عن هناد، (١٠٤٢/ ...) من حديث يحيى القطان، والبخارى (١٤٧٠، ١٤٨٠).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يستعف\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسأئى (٢٥٨٧) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١١٨٩٠) من طريق ابن شهاب به.","vol":"8","page":384},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَه (^١).\n\n٧٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى عَمْرَةَ أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيس المِسكينُ الَّذِى تَرُدُّه التَّمرَةُ والتَّمرَتانِ، ولا اللُّقمَةُ واللُّقمَتانِ، إنَّما المِسكينُ الَّذِى يَتَعَفَّفُ، اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم ﴿لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا﴾ \" (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٧٣]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا خُشنامُ بنُ الصديقِ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى شُرَحبيلُ بنُ شَريكٍ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٤٦٩)، ومسلم (١٠٥٣/ ١٢٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٣٥). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٣١٩) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٣٩)، ومسلم (١٠٣٩/ ...).\n(^٤) يجوز فيه فتح الصاد مع تخفيف الدال، وكسر الصاد مع تشديد الدال. ينظر في ذلك توضيح المشتبه ٥/ ٤١٩.","vol":"8","page":385},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ-: \"قَد أفلَحَ مَن أسلَمَ، ورُزِقَ كَفافًا (^١)، وقَنَّعَه اللَّهُ بما آتاه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن المُقرِئ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا بَشيرُ بنُ سَلمانَ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن طارِقٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أصابَته فاقَةٌ فأَنزَلَها بالنّاسِ لَم تُسَدَّ فاقَتُه، ومَن أنزَلَها باللِه أوشَكَ اللَّهُ له بالغِنَى؛ إمّا بمَوتٍ عاجِلٍ، أو غِنًى عاجِلٍ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1772>بابُ كراهيَةِ السُّؤالِ والتَّرغيبِ في تَركِهِ</span>\n\n٧٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى ابنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن النُعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: خَرَجنا إلَى الشّامِ نَسأَلُ، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم معنى الكفاف في (٧٨٥٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٧٢)، والترمذى (٢٣٤٨) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به. وابن ماجه (٤١٣٨) من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٥٤).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٤٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (٣٦٩٦)، والترمذى (٢٣٢٦) من طريق بشير به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبو داود (١٤٤٨).","vol":"8","page":386},{"text":"قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ قال لَنا ابنُ عُمَرَ: أتَيتُمُ الشّامَ تَسأَلونَ؟ أما إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما تَزالُ المَسأَلَةُ بالرَّجُلِ حَتَّى يَلقَى اللَّهَ وما في وجهِه مُزعَةٌ (^١) مِن لَحمٍ\" (^٢). أخَرجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ. فذَكَرَه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ مُختَصرًا (^٣).\n\n٧٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصيدَلانِىُّ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضيلٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سألَ النّاسَ أموالَهم تَكَثُّرًا فإِنَّما يَسأَلُ جَمرًا، فليَستَقِلَّ مِنه أو ليَستَكثِرْ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٥).\n\n٧٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المزعة: القطعة من اللحم أو الشحم. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٦٣.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٣٨) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلم به. والنسائى (٢٥٨٤) من طريق حمزة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٧٥)، ومسلم (١٠٤٠/ ١٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٨٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٣٩٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٤١).","vol":"8","page":387},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ دينارٍ، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أخيه قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُلحِفوا (^١) في المَسأَلَةِ؛ فواللَّهِ لا يَسأَلُنِى أحَدٌ مِنكُم شَيئًا فتُخرِجَ مَسأَلَتُه مِنِّى شَيئًا وأَنا كارِهٌ فيُبارَكَ له فيها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَ حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ قال: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَعطانِى، ثُمَّ سألتُه فأَعطانِى، ثُمَّ سألتُه فأَعطانِى، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا حَكيمُ، إنَّ هَذا المالَ خَضِرَةٌ حُلوَةٌ، فمَن أخَذَه بسَخاوَةِ نَفسٍ بورِكَ له فيه، ومَن أخَذَه بإِشرافِ نَفسٍ لَم يُبارَكْ له فيه، كالّذِى يأكُلُ ولا يَشبَعُ، واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى\". قال حَكيمٌ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أرزأُ (^٤) أحَدًا بَعدَكَ شَيئًا حَتَّى أُفارِقَ الدُّنيا. قال: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ يَدعُو حَكيمًا إلَى العَطاءِ فيأبَى أن يَقبَلَه مِنه، ثُمَّ إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- دَعاه ليُعطيَه فأَبَى أن يَقبَلَ مِنه شَيئًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: إنِّى أُشهِدُكُم يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ على حَكيمٍ أنِّى أَعرِضُ عَلَيه حَقَّه مِن هَذا الفَئِ فيأبَى أن يأخُذَه. فلَم يَرزأْ حَكيمٌ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ بَعدَ\n_________\n(^١) الإلحاف: شدة الإلحاح في المسألة. التاج ٢٤/ ٣٥٨ (ل ح ف).\n(^٢) أخ ٣ رجه أحمد (١٦٨٩٣)، والنسائى (٢٥٩٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٣٨/ ٩٩).\n(^٤) لا أرزأ أحدا: أى لا أنقصه ولا آخذ منه شيئا. النهاية ٢/ ٢١٨.","vol":"8","page":388},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى توُفِّىَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مُختَصَرًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَه عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٥١ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شِيرُويَه، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا: حدثنا مَرْوانُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبى مُسلِمٍ الخَولانِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الحَبيبُ الأمينُ -أمّا هو فحَبيبٌ إلَىَّ، وأَمّا هو عِندِى فأَمينٌ- عَوفُ بنُ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىُّ قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تِسعَةً أو ثمانيةً أو سَبعَةً (^٣) فقالَ: \"ألا تُبايِعونَ رسولَ الله -ﷺ-؟ \". وكُنّا حَديثَ عَهدٍ ببَيعَةٍ، فقُلنا: قَد بايَعناكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. [ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا تُبايِعونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ \". فقُلنا: قَد بايَعناكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٤). ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا تُبايِعونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ \". قال: فبَسَطنا أيديَنا وقُلنا: قَد بايَعناكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فعَلامَ نُبايِعُكَ؟ قال: \"على أن تَعبُدوا اللَّهَ ولا تُشرِكوا به شيئًا، والصَّلَواتِ الخَمسِ، وتُطيعوا -وأَسرَّ كَلِمَةً خَفيَّةً- ولا تَسأَلوا النّاسَ شيئًا\". فلَقَد كان بَعضُ أولَئكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٦٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١٥٥٧٤)، والنسائى (٢٥٣٠) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٧٢)، ومسلم (١٠٣٥).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"في بيت عائشة\".\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٤.","vol":"8","page":389},{"text":"النَّفَرِ يَسقُطُ سَوطُ أحَدِهِم فما يَسأَلُ أحَدًا يُناولُه إيّاه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحافظِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدّارِمِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يَتقَبَّلُ لِى بواحِدَةٍ أتَقَبَّلُ له بالجَنَّةِ؟ \" قال ثَوبانُ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"لا تَسأَلِ النّاسَ شَيئًا\". قال: فلَرُبَّما سَقَطَ سَوطُ ثَوبانَ وهو على البَعيرِ فلا يقولُ لأحَدٍ: ناولْنيه. حَتَّى يَنزِلَ فيأخُذَه (^٣).\nورُوىَ عن أبى العاليَةِ عن ثَوبانَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1773>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَسأَلُ سُلطانًا، أو في أمرٍ لا بُدَّ مِنه، صالِحًا</span>\n\n٧٩٥٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المَسائلُ كُدوحٌ (^٥) يَكدَحُ بها الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٤٢)، والنسائى (٤٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٦٧) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٢٣)، والنسائى (٢٥٨٩) مختصرًا، وابن ماجه (١٨٣٧) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٦٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٤٣). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٤٦).\n(^٥) الكدوح: الخدوش، وكل أثر من خدش أو عض. النهاية ٤/ ١٥٤.","vol":"8","page":390},{"text":"وجهَه، فمَن شاءَ أبقَى على وجهِه، ومَن شاءَ تَرَكَ، إلَّا أن يَسأَلَ الرَّجُلُ في أمرٍ لا يَجِدُ مِنه بُدًّا، أو ذا سُلطانٍ\". قال زَيدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ: فحَدَّثتُ به الحَجّاجَ بنَ يوسُفَ فقالَ: سَلنِى فإِنِّى ذو سُلطانٍ (^١).\n\n٧٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلكانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ مَخشِىٍّ، أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ الفِراسِىِّ، أنَّ الفِراسِىَّ قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: أسألُ يا نَبِىَّ اللِهِ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، ولئن (^٢) كُنتَ سائلًا لا بُدَّ فَسَلِ (^٣) الصّالِحينَ\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n٧٩٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ وارَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ أعيَنَ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِ أبى: عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بكرٍ، عن مُسلِمِ ابنِ مَخشِىٍّ، أنَّ الفِراسِىَّ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، أنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أسأَلُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا، فإِن كنتَ لا بُدَّ سائلًا فأسأَلِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٩٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٦٥)، وأبو داود (١٦٣٩)، والنسائى (٢٥٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (٦٨١) من طريق عبد الملك به. وليسِ عند أبى داود والنسائى والترمذى قول زيد والحجاج. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٤٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"إن\".\n(^٣) في م: \"فاسأل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٤٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٨٦) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٦٤٦). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٦١).\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"فسل\".","vol":"8","page":391},{"text":"الصّالِحينَ\".\nوَحَديثُ قَبيصةَ بنِ مُخارِقٍ وغَيرُه مِنَ الأحاديثِ فيمَن تَحِلُّ له المَسأَلَةُ ولا تَحِلُّ مَوضِعُها كِتابُ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقاتِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1774>بابُ بَيانِ اليَدِ العُليا واليَدِ السُّفلَى</span>\n\n٧٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال وهو على المِنبَرِ وهو يَذكُرُ الصِّدَقَةَ والتَّعَفُفَ عن المَسأَلَةِ: \"واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى، واليَدُ العُليا المُتَعَفِّفَةُ، والسُّفلَى السّائلَةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ العَطارُ صاحِبُ الحَكِيمِىِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عارِمٌ أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ: \"اليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٣٣٢٢، ١٣٣٢٣).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٩٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٤٨) عن القعنبى به. والنسائى (٢٥٣٢) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٢٩)، ومسلم (١٠٣٣).","vol":"8","page":392},{"text":"السُّفلَى، اليَدُ العُليا اليَدُ المُنفِقَةُ، واليَدُ السُّفلَى اليَدُ السّائلَةُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن أيّوبَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"اليَدُ العُليا المُتَعَفِّفَةُ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ: \"المُتَعَفِّفَةُ\":\n\n٧٩٥٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال النَّبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَى، واليَدُ العُليا المُتَعَفِّفَةُ، واليَدُ السُّفلَى السّائلَةُ\" (^٤).\n\n٧٩٥٩ - ورَواه حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، فقيلَ عنه: \"واليَدُ العُليا المُنفِقَةُ\". وأَخبَرَناه (^٥) عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِهرانَ يَعنِى الحَسَنَ بنَ العباسِ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا سوَيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن موسَى. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٢٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٢٩).\n(^٣) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٦٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٤٣٥ من طريق ابن طهمان به، وعنده. \"المنفقة\".\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ، وكتب فوق الواو في الأصل: \"لا بخطه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٤٤)، وابن حبان (٣٣٦٤) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.","vol":"8","page":393},{"text":"٧٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّ اليَدَ العُليا هِىَ المُنفِقَةُ (^١).\n\n٧٩٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّاذْياخِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في أُناسٍ مِن بَنِى سَعدِ بنِ بكرٍ، وكُنتُ أصغَرَ القَومِ فخَلَّفونِى في رِحالِهِم، ثُمَّ أتَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَضَوا حَوائجَهُم، ثُمَّ قال: \"هَل بَقِىَ فيكُم أحَدٌ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، غُلامٌ مِنا خَلَّفناه في رِحالِنا. فأَمَرَهُم أن يَبعَثونِى إلَيه، فأتَونِى فقالوا: أجِبْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأَتَيتُه، فلَمّا رآنِي قال: \"ما أغناكَ اللَّهُ، لا تَسأَلِ النَّاسَ شَيئًا؛ فإِنَّ يَدَ المُنطيَةِ (^٢) العُليا، وإنَّ اليَدَ السُّفلَى هِيَ المُنطاةُ، وإنَّ مالَ اللَّهِ لَمَسئولٌ ومُنطًى\". قال: فكَلَّمَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بلُغَتِنا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٧٨٦) من طريق سفيان به. وفيه: \"المتعففة\".\n(^٢) المنطية: المعطيةُ، وهى لغة أهل اليمن في أعطى. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٧٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٢٧ من طريق ابن جابر به، وصححه.","vol":"8","page":394},{"text":"٧٩٦٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزَّعْراءِ، عنِ أبى الأحوَصِ، عن أبيه مالكِ بنِ نَضْلَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأيدِى ثَلاثَةٌ؛ فيَدُ اللَّهِ ﷿ العُليا، ويَدُ المُعطِى التى تَليها، ويَدُ السّائلِ السُّفلَى، فأَعطِ الفَضلَ ولا تَعجِزْ عن نَفسِكَ\" (^١).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىُّ عن أبى الأحوَصِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا:\n\n٧٩٦٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىُّ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأيدِى ثَلَاثةُ أيدٍ؛ فيَدُ اللَّهِ العُليا، ويَدُ المُعطِى التى تَليها، ويَدُ السّائلِ أسفَلَ (^٢) إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، فاستَعِفّوا مِنَ السُّؤالِ ما استَطَعتُم، ومَن أعطاه اللَّهُ خَيرًا فليُرَ عَلَيه، وابدأ بمَن تَعولُ، وارتَضِخْ مِنَ الفَضلِ، ولا تُلامُ على كَفافٍ، ولا تَعجِزْ عن نَفسِكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ولا تعجز عن نفسك: أى عن رد نفسك إذا منعتك عن الإعطاء. عون المعبود ٢/ ٤٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٤٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (٣٣٦٢) عن الزعفرانى به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: السفلى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٢٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣٥) من طريق الهجرى به مختصرا.","vol":"8","page":395},{"text":"تابَعَه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن الهَجَرِىِّ مَرفوعًا (^١)، ورَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ عن إبراهيمَ الهَجَرِىِّ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1775>بابُ أخذِ ما يَحِلُّ له أخذُه إذا أُعطِىَ مِن غَيِر مَسأَلَةٍ ولا إشرافِ نَفسٍ</span>\n\n٧٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِي ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعطينِى العَطاءَ فأَقولُ: أعطِه أفقَرَ مِنِّى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذْه، وما جاءَكَ مِن هَذا المالِ وأَنتَ غَيرُ مُشرِفٍ ولا سائل فخُذْه، وما لا فلا تُتبِعه نَفسَكَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1776>بابُ المَسأَلَةِ في المَساجِدِ</span>\n\n٧٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ مِهرانَ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا مُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسى (٣١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٧) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٧٣)، ومسلم (١٠٤٥/ ١١٠).","vol":"8","page":396},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل مِنكُم أحَدٌ أطعَمَ اليَومَ مِسكينًا؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ فإِذا أنا بسائلٍ يَسأَلُ، فوَجَدتُ كِسرَةَ خُبزٍ في يَدِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فأَخَذتُها فدَفَعتُها إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1777>بابُ كَراهيَةِ المَسأَلَةِ بوَجهِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n٧٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ القِلَوَّرِىُّ يَعنِى عمرَو بنَ العباسِ، كان يَنزِلُ دَربَ خُزاعَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَسأَلْ بوَجهِ اللهِ إلَّا الجَنَّةَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1778>بابُ عَطيَّةِ مَن سأَلَ باللَّهِ ﷿</span>\n\n٧٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ استَعاذَكُم باللَّهِ فأَعيذوه، ومَن سأَلَكُم باللَّهِ فأَعطوه، ومَن دَعاكُم فأَجيبوه، ومَن أتَى إلَيكُم مَعروفًا فكافِئوه، فإِن لَم تَجِدوا ما تُكافِئُونَه به فأَثنُوا عَلَيه حَتَّى تَعلَموا أنْ (^٣) قَد كافأتُموه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤١٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٧٠) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر السهمى به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٦٧): ضعيف وهو صحيح دون قصة السائل.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦٧١). وقال الذهبي ٣/ ١٥٦٦: سليمان، قال ابن معين: ليس بشيء.\n(^٣) في م: \"أنكم\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٠٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٦٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٠٩)، والنسائي (٢٥٦٦) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وأبو داود (١٦٧٢، ٥١٠٩)، وابن حبان (٣٤٠٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٦٨).","vol":"8","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1779>كتابُ الصومِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1780>بابُ فرضِ صَومِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٧٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَين بنُ عليِّ بنِ يَزيدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"بُنِىَ الإِسلامُ على خَمسٍ، على أن يوَحَّدَ اللهُ، وإِقامِ الصَّلاةِ، وإيتاءِ الزَّكاةِ، وصيامِ رَمَضانَ، والحَجِّ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ وزادَ فيه: فقالَ رَجُلٌ: الحَجِّ وصيامِ رَمَضانَ؟ قال: لا، \"صِيامِ رَمَضانَ والحَجِّ\". هَكَذا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٧٩٦٩ - أخبَرَناه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عيسَى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه لزيادَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ - المَعروفُ بابنِ البَياضِ (^٤) - ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٩٣٠)، والخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة ص ٣٣٦ من طريق سعد بن طارق أبى مالك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦/ ١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٨/ ٨٦ من طريق أبى أحمد بن عيسى به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: البكاء\".","vol":"8","page":399},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ الخرَقِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو زَيدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ نَصرِ بنِ عِمرانَ الضُّبَعِىِّ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنَّ لِى جَرَّةَ نَبيذٍ حُلوٍ فأَشرَبُه، فإِذا أكثَرتُ مِنه فجالَستُ القَومَ فأَطَلتُ المَجلِسَ خِفتُ أن أفتَضِحَ؟ فقالَ لِى: قَدِمَ وفدُ عبدِ القَيسِ على النبيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَرحَبًا بالوَفدِ غَيرِ الخَزايا\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ بَينَنا وبَينَكَ كُفّارَ مُضَرَ، وإِنّا لا نَصِلُ إلَيكَ إلَّا في شَهرٍ حَرامٍ، فمُرْنا بأَمرٍ نَعمَلُ به ونَدعو إلَيه مَن وراءَنا. قال: \"آمُرُكُم بالإيمانِ، تَدرونَ ما الإيمانُ؟ شَهادَةُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، وأَن تُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ، وتَصوموا رَمَضانَ، وتَحُجّوا البَيتَ الحَرامَ\" - قال: وأَحسِبُه قال: \"وتُعطوا الخُمُسَ مِنَ الغَنائمِ\" - \"وأَنهاكُم عن الشُّربِ في الجَرِّ والدُّبّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ والنَّقيرِ (^٢) \" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ قُرَّةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1781>بابُ ما قيلَ في بَدءِ الصّيامِ إلَى أن نُسِخَ بفَرضِ صَومِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٧٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ يَعنِى الحافظَ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الحربى\"، وفى الحاشية: \"بخطه: الخرقى\"، وفى س، م: \"الجزرى\"، وفى ص ٤: \"الحرفى\". وتقدم في (٢٦٤٤، ٣٤٧٤)، وسيأتي في (٨٤٨١، ٩٠٦١، ١٠٢٩٣).\n(^٢) الجر: الفَخّار المعروف، والدباء: هو القرع اليابس؛ أي الوعاء منه. والمزفت: المقير، وهو المطلىّ بالقار، وهو الزفت. والنقير: جذْع ينقر وسطه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٥٧٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٧، ١٨٧٩) من طريق قرة به. وأبو داود (٣٦٩٢)، والترمذي (١٥٩٩، ٢٦١١)، وابن حبان (١٥٧) من طريق أبى جمرة به وسيأتي في (١٢٨٤٦، ١٧٥٠١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٦٨، ٧٥٥٦)، ومسلم (١٧٢٥).","vol":"8","page":400},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا علىٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىَّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى، حدثنا أصحابُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - قالوا: أُحيلَ الصَّومُ على ثَلاثَةِ أحوالٍ؛ قَدِمَ النّاسُ المَدينَةَ ولا عَهدَ لَهم بالصّيامِ، فكانوا يَصومون ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ شَهرُ رَمَضانَ فاستَكثَروا ذَلِكَ وشَقَّ عَلَيهِم، فكانَ مَن أطعَمَ مِسكينًا كُلَّ يَومٍ تَرَكَ الصّيامَ مِمَّن يُطيقُه رُخِّصَ لَهُم في ذَلِكَ، ونَسَخَه: ﴿وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]. قال: فأُمِروا بالصّيامِ (^١). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ: حدثنا الأعمَشُ. فذَكَرَ بَعضَ مَعناه مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٧٩٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: أُحيلَ الصّيامُ ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وأَمّا حَولُ الصّيامِ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صامَ بَعدَ ما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فجَعَلَ يَصومُ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، وصامَ عاشوراءَ فصامَ [سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ] (^٣) شَهرًا؛ شَهرَ رَبيعٍ إلَى شَهرِ رَبيعٍ إلَى رَمَضانَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ فرَضَ عَلَيه شَهرَ رَمَضانَ وأَنزَلَ عَلَيه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج - كما في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٨٥، وفتح الباري ٤/ ١٨٨ - من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٢) البخاري قبل (١٩٤٩).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تسعة عشر\".","vol":"8","page":401},{"text":"﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٣] الآيَة. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ؛ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ لَم يُدرِكْ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1782>بابُ ما كان عَلَيه حالُ الصّيامِ مِنَ الخيارِ بَيَن الصَّومِ وبَينَ الإطعامِ إلَى أن تَعَيَّنَ فرضُه على مَن أطاقَه ولَم يَكُنْ له عُذرٌ، وصارَ الأمرُ الأوَّلُ مَنسوخًا</span>\n\n٧٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: كُنّا في رَمَضانَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَن شاءَ صامَ، ومَن شاءَ أفطَرَ وافتَدَى بطَعامِ مِسكينٍ، حَتَّى أُنزِلَتِ الآيَةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ سَوّادٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٧٩٧٤ - أخبَرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: لما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٩٧٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٣. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٤٥/ ١٥٠).","vol":"8","page":402},{"text":"طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ﴾. كان مَن أرادَ مِنّا أن يُفطِرَ ويَفتَدِىَ، حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ التي بَعدَها فنَسَخَتها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَسَخَتْ هذه الآيَةَ يَعنِى: (فِديَةُ طَعامِ مَساكينَ (^٣» هذه الآيَةُ التي بَعدَها: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\".\n\n٧٩٧٦ - كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عَيّاشٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، ثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قرأ: (فِديَةُ طَعامِ مَساكينَ). قال: هِىَ مَنسوخَةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣١٥)، والترمذي (٧٩٨)، والنسائي (٢٣١٥)، وابن حبان (٣٤٧٨) من طريق قتيبة به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٣) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٠٧)، ومسلم (١١٤٥/ ١٤٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"مسكين\". وضبطت في صحيح البخارى في الموضعين \"فديةٌ طعامُ مساكين\"، وعلى حاشيتها في الموضع الثاني ما يبين أن في بعض نسخ البخاري \"فديةُ طعامِ مساكين\". وقال ابن حجر في شرحه للموضع الثاني في تفسير سورة البقرة: ذكر فيه حديث ابن عمر أنه قرأ \"فدية طعامِ\" بالإضافة و\"مساكين\" بلفظ الجمع وهي قراءة نافع وابن ذكوان. فتح الباري ٩/ ٣٦. وينظر حجة القراءات ص ١٢٤.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٩٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٦٣ من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٤٩، ٤٥٠٦). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٢٧٠ - تفسير) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"8","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1783>بابُ ما كان عَلَيه حالُ الصّيامِ مِن تَحريمِ الأكلِ والشُّربِ والجِماعِ بَعدَ ما يَنامُ أو يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ حَتَّى أُحِلَّ ذَلِكَ إلَى طُلوعِ الفَجرِ وصارَ الأمرُ الأوَّلُ مَنسوخًا</span>\n\n٧٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ دَنُوقا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الجَوهَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ موسَى الشَّطَوِىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - إذا كان صائمًا فحَضَرَ الإفطارُ فنامَ قَبلَ أن يُفطِرَ، لَم يأكُلْ لَيلَتَه ولا يَومَه حَتَّى يُمسِىَ، وإِنَّ قَيسَ بنَ صِرْمَةَ كان صائمًا، فلَمّا حَضَرَ الإفطارُ أتَى امرأتَه قال: هَل عِندَكِ طَعامٌ؟ قالَت: لا ولَكِن أنطَلِقُ فأَطلُبُ. وكانَ يَومَه يَعمَلُ فيه بأَرضِه فغَلَبَته عَيناه، فجاءَتِ امرأتُه فلَمّا رأته قالَت: خَيبَةً لَكَ! فأَصبَحَ فلَم يَنتَصِفِ النَّهارُ حَتَّى غُشِىَ عَلَيه، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ﴾. ففَرِحوا بها فرَحًا شَديدًا: ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]. لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَسَنِ بنِ حَمشاذَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦١١)، وأبو داود (٢٣١٤)، والترمذي (٢٩٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٦٠، ٣٤٦١) من طريق إسرائيل به. ووقع عند أبي داود: صرمة بن قيس. وينظر الإصابة ٥/ ٢٤٥، ٩/ ١١٨.","vol":"8","page":404},{"text":"عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى عن إسرائيلَ (^١).\n\n٧٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ شَبُّويه، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٣]: وكانَ النّاسُ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّوُا العَتَمَةَ حَرُمَ عَلَيهِمُ الطَّعامُ والشَّرابُ والنِّساءُ، وصاموا إلَى القابِلَةِ، فاختانَ رَجُلٌ نَفسَه فجامَعَ امرأَتَه وقَد صَلَّى العِشاءَ ولَم يُفطِرْ، فأَرادَ اللهُ ﷿ أن يَجعَلَ ذَلِكَ يُسرًا لِمَن بَقِىَ ورُخصَةً ومَنفَعَةً، فقالَ: ﴿عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ﴾ الآيَة [البقرة: ١٨٧]. وكانَ هَذا ممّا نَفَعَ اللهُ به النّاسَ؛ أرخَصَ لَهُم ويَسَّرَ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا أصحابُنا، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ أمَرَهُم بصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، ثُمَّ أُنزِلَ رَمَضانُ، وكانوا قَومًا لَم يَتَعَوَّدوا الصيامَ، وكانَ الصّيامُ عَلَيهِم شَديدًا، فكانَ مَن لَم يَصُمْ أطعَمَ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾. فكانَتِ الرُّخصَةُ لِلمَريضِ والمُسافِرِ وأُمِروا بالصّيامِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أصحابُنا: وكانَ الرَّجُلُ إذا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩١٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣١٣).","vol":"8","page":405},{"text":"أفطَرَ فنامَ قَبلَ أن يأكُلَ، لَم يأكُلْ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، فجاءَ عُمَرُ فأَرادَ امرأَتَه فقالَت: إنِّي قَد نِمتُ. فظَنَّ أنَّها تَعتَلُّ فأَتاها، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأَرادَ طَعامًا، فقالوا: حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيئًا. فنامَ، فلَمّا أصبَحوا نَزَلَت عَلَيه هذه الآيَةُ فيها: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ١٨٧].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1784>بابٌ: لا يَجِبُ صَومٌ بأَصلِ الشَّرعِ غَيَر صَومِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٧٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى نافِعُ بنُ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا جاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثائرَ الرّأسِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أخبِرْنِى ماذا فرَضَ اللهُ علىَّ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ: \"الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسَ إلَّا أن تَطَوَّعَ شَيئًا\". فقالَ: أخبِرْنِى ما فرَضَ اللهُ علىَّ مِنَ الصّيامِ؟ فقالَ: \"صيامَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ إلَّا أن تَطَوَّعَ شَيئًا\". فقالَ: أخبِرْنِى ماذا فرَضَ اللهُ علىَّ مِنَ الزَّكاةِ؟ قال: فأَخبَرَه يَعنِى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بشَرائعِ الإسلامِ فقالَ: والَّذِى أكرَمَكَ لا أتَطَوَّعُ شَيئًا ولا أنقُصُ مِمّا فرَضَ اللهُ علىَّ شَيئًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفلَحَ وأَبيه إن صَدَقَ، دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ واللهِ إن صَدَقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيحين\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣١٩)، والمعرفة (٢٤٣٥)، وفضائل الأوقات (٣٠)، وأبو داود (٥٠٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٨٣) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم أوله عقب (٣٦٦٢).\n(^٢) أبو سعيد ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٣٤٥). وتقدم تخريجه في (٤٥٠٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٩١)، ومسلم (١١/ ٩).","vol":"8","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1785>بابُ ما رُوِى في كَراهَةِ (^١) قَولِ القائلِ: جاءَ رَمَضانُ، وذَهَبَ رَمَضانُ</span>\n\n٧٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى مَعشَرٍ (^٢) (ح) [وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ وأبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى مَعشَرٍ] (^٣)، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقولوا: رَمَضانُ؛ فإِنَّ رَمَضانَ اسمٌ مِن أسماءِ اللَّهِ، ولَكِن قولوا: شَهرُ رَمَضانَ\" (^٤).\nوهَكَذا رَواه الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخازِنُ عن أبي مَعشَرٍ.\nوأبو مَعشَرٍ هو نَجيحٌ السِّندِىُّ (^٥)، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٦)، وكانَ يَحيَى القَطّانُ لا يُحَدِّثُ عنه، وكانَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ يُحَدِّثُ عنه، فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أبي مَعشَرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ مِن قَولِه، وهو أشبَهُ:\n\n٧٩٨٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ فَنْجُويه الدّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ مالكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"كراهية\".\n(^٢) في س: \"جعفر\".\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٥١٧.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٨١٤).\n(^٦) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٦٠٣، وبرواية الدارمي ص ٢٢١، ٢٤٦.","vol":"8","page":407},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارِ بنِ الرَّيّانِ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: لا تَقولوا: رَمَضانُ؛ فإِنَّ رَمَضانَ اسمٌ مِن أسماءِ اللهِ ﷿، ولَكِن قولوا: شَهرُ رَمَضانَ (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن مُجاهِدٍ (^٢) والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ، والطَّريقُ إلَيهِما ضَعيفٌ.\nوقَدِ احتَجَّ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" في جَوازِ ذَلِكَ بالحَديثِ الَّذِى:\n\n٧٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي سُهَيلِ ابنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا جاءَ رَمَضانُ فُتِّحَت أبوابُ الجَنَّةِ، وغُلِّقَت أبوابُ النّارِ، وصُفِّدَتِ الشَّياطينُ\" (^٣). رواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيحين\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤). قال البخاريُّ (^٥): وقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ\". وقالَ: \"لا تَقَدَّموا رَمَضانَ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٣١٠ (١٦٤٨) من طريق محمد بن بكار به.\n(^٢) ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٨٧، ١٨٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٨٤)، والنسائي (٢٠٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٨٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٩٨)، ومسلم (١٠٧٩/ ١).\n(^٥) البخاري قبل (١٨٩٨).","vol":"8","page":408},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1786>بابُ الدُّخولِ في الصَّومِ بالنيَّةِ</span>\n\n٧٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُجمِعِ الصّيامَ قَبلَ الفَجرِ فلا صيامَ له\" (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ:\n\n٧٩٨٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُجمِعِ الصّيامَ مَعَ الفَجرِ فلا صيامَ له\". كَذا قالَ (^٢). ورَواه أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ فقالَ: \"قَبلَ الفَجرِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٢٠)، والمعرفة (٢٤٣٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (٧٣٠) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وقال الترمذي: لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من هذا الوجه، وقد روى عن نافع عن ابن عمر قوله، وهو أصح. والنسائي (٢٣٣١) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٥٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به بدون ذكر ابن عمر. وسيأتي في (٨٠٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٥٤) عن أحمد بن صالح به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٣٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٤٣).","vol":"8","page":409},{"text":"وهَذا حَديثٌ قَدِ اختُلِفَ على الزُّهرِىِّ في إسنادِه وفِي رَفعِه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ أقامَ إسنادَه ورَفَعَه، وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ الأثباتِ.\nأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: رَفَعَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ الرُّفَعاءِ (^١).\n\n٧٩٨٦ - وقَد حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً عَلَيهِما قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن حَفصَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُبَيِّتِ الصّيامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فلا صيامَ له\" (^٢).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه عن حَفصَةَ مِن قَولِها (^٣).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصَةَ (^٤). ورَواه يونُسُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِهِ (^٥).\nورَواه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ وحَفصةَ قالا ذَلِكَ (^٦). وقيلَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٣٣) عن أبي الأزهر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٣٣، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٥٥ من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٣٦) من طريق معمر به موقوفًا.\n(^٥) ذكره الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣ عن ابن وهب عن يونس به.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٣٤ من طريق عقيل به بلفظ: من عزم الصيام فأصبح متطوعًا فلا يصلح أن يفطر حتى الليل.","vol":"8","page":410},{"text":"غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٧٩٨٧ - ورَواه مالكٌ، كما أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: لا يَصومُ إلَّا مَن أجمَعَ الصّيامَ قَبلَ الفَجرِ (^١)\n\n٧٩٨٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عائشةَ وحَفصَةَ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٧٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنباعِ رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُبَيِّتِ الصّيامَ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ فلا صيامَ له\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَبّادٍ عن المُفَضَّلِ بهَذا الإسنادِ، وكُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٧/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ١٧١، ١٧٢ من طريق أبى الزنباع به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٢.","vol":"8","page":411},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1787>بابُ المُتَطَوِّعِ يَدخُلُ في الصَّومِ بنيَّةِ النَّهارِ قَبلَ الزَّوالِ</span>\n\n٧٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الفُضيلُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ بنتُ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ: \"يا عائشَةُ هَل عِندَكُم شَئٌ؟ \". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما عِندَنا شَئٌ. قالَ: \"فإِنِّى صائمٌ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: كان نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحِبُّ طَعامًا فجاءَ يَومًا فقالَ: \"هَل عِندَكُم مِن ذَلِكَ الطَّعامِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا. فقالَ: \"إنِّي صائمٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وفِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الذهبي في تذكرة الحفاظ ٢/ ٦٥١ من طريق المصنف به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٠) من طريق طلحة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥٤/ ١٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٥٥) عن محمد بن كثير به. والترمذي (٧٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٣٢٤) من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"8","page":412},{"text":"رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتينا فيَقولُ: \"هَل عِندَكُم مِن غَداءٍ؟ \". فأَقولُ: لا. قال: \"إنِّي صائمٌ\" (^١).\n\n٧٩٩٢ - ورَواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى فقالَ في الحديث: قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ فقالَ: \"هَل عِندَكُم شَئٌ؟ \". قُلنا: لا. قال: \"فإِنِّى إذن صائمٌ\". وبِذَلِكَ اللَّفظِ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\".\nأخبَرَناه أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عيسَى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى: \"فإِنِّى إذن صائمٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٧٩٩٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^٤)، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ فقالَ: \"أعِندَكِ شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"إذن أصومَ\" (^٥). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطوسي في مختصر الأحكام (٦٨٠) من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥٤/ ١٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٣١)، وأبو داود (٢٤٥٥)، والترمذي (٧٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٣٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٢٨) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٨٣٨) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ابن فورك\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٦٧)، والطيالسى (١٦٥٥)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٥، ١٧٦. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٥٧٢: سليمان ضعفه ابن معين، واختلف فيه ابن مهدى والقطان.","vol":"8","page":413},{"text":"٧٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ كان يأتِى أهلَه مِنَ الضُّحَى فيَقولُ: هَل عِندَكُم مِن غَداءٍ؟ فإِن قالوا: لا. صامَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ وقالَ: إنِّي صائمٌ (^١).\n\n٧٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ نَجيحٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ يَطوفُ بالسّوقِ ثُمَّ يأتِى أهلَه فيَقولُ: عِندَكُم شَئٌ؟ فإِن قالوا: لا. قال: فأَنا صائمٌ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ الدَّرداءِ، أنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ كان يَجِئُ بَعدَ ما يُصبِحُ فيَقولُ: أعِندَكُم غَداءٌ؟ فإِن لَم يَجِدْه قال: فأَنا إذن صائمٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1788>بابُ مَن دَخَلَ في صَومِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَعدَ الزَّوالِ</span>\n\n٧٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٤٥ من طريق روح به. وعنده: سعيد. بدلًا من: شعبة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٤٦ من طريق أبى مسلم به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٩٤) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"8","page":414},{"text":"عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن بشرِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ وغَيرِه، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن سَعدِ (^١) بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ بَدا له الصَّومُ بَعدَ ما زالَتِ الشَّمسُ فصامَ (^٢).\n\n٧٩٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: أحَدُكُم بالخيارِ ما لَم يأكُلْ أو يَشرَبْ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: هُم، يَعنِى العِراقيّينَ، لا يَرَونَ هَذا، يَزعُمونَ أنَّه لا يَكونُ صائمًا حَتَّى يَنوِىَ الصَّومَ قَبلَ زَوالِ الشَّمسِ، وأَمّا نَحنُ فنَقولُ: المُتَطَوِّعُ بالصَّومِ مَتَى شاءَ نَوَى الصّيامَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1789>بابُ الصَّومِ لِرُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ أوِ استِكمالِ العَدَدِ ثَلاثينَ</span>\n\n٧٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٤٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٨٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٧٦)، والدارقطني ٤/ ١٤٣ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان عن الثوري به. وعند الدارقطني بدون ذكر طلحة بن مصرف.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٤٤٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٩٠.","vol":"8","page":415},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه ذَكَرَ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: \"لاتَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوُا الهِلالَ، ولا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَرَوه، فإِن أُغمِىَ عَلَيكُم فاقْدُروا له\" (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِىِّ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ رَمَضانَ وقالَ: \"فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ، فلا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، ولا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَرَوه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فاقدُروا له\". زادَ حَمادٌ في رِوايَتِه عن أيّوبَ قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا مَضَى مِن شَعبانَ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ نُظِرَ له، فإِن رُئىَ فذاكَ، وإِن لَم يُرَ ولَم يَحُلْ دونَ مَنظَرِه سَحابٌ ولا قَتَرَةٌ أصبَحَ مُفطِرًا، وإِن حالَ دونَ مَنظَرِه سَحابٌ أو قَتَرَةٌ أصبَحَ صائمًا، وكانَ يُفطِرُ مَعَ الناسِ ولا يأخُذُ بهَذا الحِسابِ. قال: وقالَ ابنُ عَونٍ: ذَكَرتُ فِعلَ ابنِ عُمَرَ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٨٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٩٤)، والنسائي (٢١٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٤٤٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٠٦)، ومسلم (١٠٨٠/ ٣).","vol":"8","page":416},{"text":"فلَم يُعجِبْه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ دونَ فِعلِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٠١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حدَّثنى [سالمٌ، عن أبيه، قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ] (^٣) فصوموا، وإِذا رأَيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فاقدُروا له\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ، لا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، ولا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَرَوه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فاقدُروا له\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٨)، وابن حبان (٣٥٩٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأبو داود (٢٣٢٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به، وليس عندهم فعل ابن عمر.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٨٠/ ٦).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حدثني سالم أن عبد الله بن عمر قال: سمعت رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: إذا رأيتموه فاقدروا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢١١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٥) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأحمد (٦٣٢٣)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٤) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٠٠)، ومسلم (١٠٨٠/ ٨).\n(^٦) مالك ١/ ٢٨٦. وسيأتي في (٨٠٠٥).","vol":"8","page":417},{"text":"\"فأَكَمِلوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ\" (^١). كَذا وجَدْتُه في نُسخَتِى.\n\n٨٠٠٣ - وقَد أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ، وقالَ: \"فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَكَمِلوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢). ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن مالكٍ على اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ.\nوقَد رَوَى مالكٌ هَذا الحديثَ في \"الموطأ\" على اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَوَى عَقِيبَه (^٣) [حَديثَه عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدّيلىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ رَمَضانَ، فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: \"فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَكمِلوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ\".\n\n٨٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، ثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). فكأَنَّه ذَكَرَ الحديثَينِ جَميعًا، فغَلِطَ الكاتِبُ فدَخَلَ له بَعضُ مَتنِ الحديث الثّانِى في الإِسناد الأوَّلِ، وإِن كانَت رِوايَةُ الشّافِعِىِّ والقَعنَبِىِّ مِن جِهَةِ البُخارِىِّ عنه مَحفوظَةً، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مالكٌ رَواه على اللَّفظينِ جَميعًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ نَحوَ الرِّوايَةِ الأُولَى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٥٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٤.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"عقبه\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٢٨٧.","vol":"8","page":418},{"text":"عن مالكٍ:\n\n٨٠٠٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ (^١) قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أنه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ لَيلَةً، لا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، ولا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَرَوه، إلَّا أن يُغَمَّ عَلَيكُم، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فاقدُروا له\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٣).\n\n٨٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنِى أيّوبُ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ إلَى أهلِ البَصرَةِ: بَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. زادَ: وإِنَّ أحسَنَ ما يُقدَرُ له أنّا رأَينا هِلالَ شَعبانَ [لِكَذا أو كَذا] (^٤)، والصومُ إن شاءَ اللهُ لِكَذا وكَذا، إلَّا أن تَرَوُا الهِلالَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ ما ذَكَرَه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ سائرُ الرِّواياتِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في هَذا البابِ؛ مِنها عن ابنِ عُمَرَ ما:\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"إسحاق المزكى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٠٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٨٠/ ٩).\n(^٤) في سنن أبي داود، ونسخة من م: \"لكذا وكذا\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٣٢١).","vol":"8","page":419},{"text":"٨٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشَّهرُ هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ بيَدَيه، ثُمَّ قَبَضَ في الثّالِثَةِ إبهامَه. \"فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَتمّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٠٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ جَعَلَ الأهِلَّةَ مَواقيتَ، فإِذا رأَيتُموه فصوموا، وإِذا رأَيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فاقدُروا له، أتمّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢).\nومِنها عن غَيرِ ابنِ عُمَرَ الرِّواياتُ الثّابِتاتُ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في هَذا البابِ.\n\n٨٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أو قال أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم الشَّهرُ فعُدّوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٠٩) من طريق عاصم بن محمد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٥٧٥: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٠٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به.","vol":"8","page":420},{"text":"ثَلاثينَ يَومًا\" (^١). يَعنِى: عُدّوا شَعبانَ ثَلاثينَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال في الحديثِ: \"فإِن غَبِىَ (^٢) عَلَيكُم فأَكمِلوا عِدَّةَ شَعبانَ ثَلاثينَ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٠١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُمُ الشَّهرُ فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٠١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ ينُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأيتُمُ الهِلالَ فصوموا، وإِذا رأيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فصوموا ثَلاثينَ يَومًا\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٥٦)، وابن حبان (٣٤٤٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في س: \"غمى\". وغبى، بفتح الغين المعجمة وتخفيف الموحدة، مأخوذ من الغباوة، وهى عدم الفطنة، وهى استعارة لخفاء الهلال. فتح الباري ٤/ ١٢٤.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٨١/ ١٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٨١)، والنسائي (٢١١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.","vol":"8","page":421},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٨٠١٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه ذَكَرَ الهِلالَ فقالَ: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا البَختَرِىِّ قال: أهلَلْنا رَمَضانَ ونَحنُ بذاتِ عِرقٍ (^٤) فأَرسَلنا رَجُلًا إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسأَلُه، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ قَد مَدَّه لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن أُغمِىَ عَلَيكُم فأَكمِلوا العِدَّةَ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٨١/ ١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٨٦٤)، والنسائي (٢١٢٢) من طريق محمد بن بشر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٨١/ ٢٠).\n(^٤) ذات عرق: ميقات أهل العراق، سمى بذلك لأن فيه عرقًا، وهو الجبل الصغير، وهى أرض سبخة تنبت الطرفاء، بينها وبين مكة مرحلتان. فتح الباري ٣/ ٣٨٩.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٢٨٤٤)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٩١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٨٨/ ٣٠).","vol":"8","page":422},{"text":"[ورَواه عِكرِمَةُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ حُنَينٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في إكمالِ العِدَّةِ ثَلاثينَ بمَعناه (^٢)، ورَواه غَيرُ هَؤُلاءِ أيضًا] (^١).\n\n٨٠١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ فصوموا، وإِذا رأيتُموه فأَفطِروا، وإِن أُغمِىَ عَلَيكُم فعُدُّوا ثَلاثينَ يَومًا\" (^٣).\n\n٨٠١٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكم فأَكمِلوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ يَومًا\" (^٤).\n\n٨٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَحَفَّظُ مِن هِلالِ شَعبانَ ما لا يَتَحَفَّظُ مِن\n_________\n(^١) ضرب عليه في أصل المصنف.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجهما في (٨٠٢٣، ٨٠٢٥، ٨٠٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٢٦) عن روح به. وأيضًا في (١٤٦٧٠) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٩١٤)، وعنه أحمد (٢٠٤٣٢).","vol":"8","page":423},{"text":"غَيرِه، ثُمَّ يَصومُ لِرُؤيَتِه رَمَضانَ، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيه عَدَّ ثَلاثينَ يَومًا ثُمَّ صامَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحصوا هِلالَ شَعبانَ لِرَمَضانَ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٠١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ أبو الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه وزادَ فيه: \"ولا تَخلِطوا برَمَضانَ إلَّا أن يُوافِقَ ذَلِكَ صيامًا كان يَصومُه أحَدُكُم، وصوموا للرُّؤيَةِ (^٤) وأَفطِروا للرُّؤيةِ (^٤)، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فإِنَّها لَيسَت تُغمَى عَلَيكُمُ العِدَّةُ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1790>بابُ النَّهىِ عن استِقبالِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ بصَومِ يَومٍ أو يَومَينِ، والنَّهىِ عن صَومِ يَومِ الشَّكِّ</span>\n\n٨٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٦١)، وأبو داود (٢٣٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٣٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٥. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة ٦/ ٢٤٠ من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤، م: \"لرؤيته\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٢، ١٦٣. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٨٧) عن مسلم به.","vol":"8","page":424},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَتَقَدَّمَنَّ أحَدُكُم رَمَضانَ بصَومِ يَومٍ ولا يَومَينِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ صَومًا يَصومُه رَجُلٌ فليَصُمْ ذَلِكَ الصَّومَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بشرٍ الحَريرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقَدَّموا قَبلَ رَمَضانَ بيَومٍ أو يَومَينِ (^٣)، إلَّا أن يَكونَ رَجُلًا كان يَصومُ صيامًا فيَصومُه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بشرٍ (^٥).\nورَواه أيّوبُ والأوزاعِىُّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ ومَعمَرٌ وشَيبانُ وحُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٣٥) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٧٢٠٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩١٤)، ومسلم (١٠٨٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"بيومين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٧٠٦) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٨٢).","vol":"8","page":425},{"text":"وهَمّامٌ وأَبانٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ ومُعاويَةَ (^١).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبي سلمةَ:\n\n٨٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقَدَّموا الشَّهرَ باليَومِ واليَومَينِ، إلَّا أن يُوافِقَ ذَلِكَ صَومًا كان يَصومُه أحَدُكُم، صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ ثُمَّ أفطِروا\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ وحُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ وطَلقِ بنِ عليٍّ وغَيرِهِم عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ عاصِمٍ الرّازِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو زُهَيرٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَغراءَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن مالكِ بنِ أبي عامِرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٠٨٢) من طريق أيوب به. والنسائي (٢١٧١)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٠) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (١٠١٨٤)، والترمذي (٦٨٥) من طريق على بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٥٤)، والترمذي (٦٨٤) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"8","page":426},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقَدَّموا هَذا الشَّهرَ، صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ حُنَينٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: إنِّي لأعجَبُ مِن هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ يَصومونَ قَبلَ رَمَضانَ، إنَّما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ فصوموا، وإِذا رأَيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، عن حاتِمٍ هو ابنُ أبي صَغيرَةَ، عن سِماكٍ يَعنِى ابنَ حَربٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على عِكرِمَةَ في يَومٍ وقَد أشكَلَ علىَّ أمِن رَمَضانَ هو أم مِن شَعبانَ، فأَصبَحتُ صائمًا فقُلتُ: إن كان مِن رَمَضانَ لَم يَسبِقْنِى، وإِن كان مِن شَعبانَ كان تَطَوُّعًا. فدَخَلتُ على عِكرِمَةَ وهو يأكُلُ خُبزًا وبَقلًا ولَبَنًا فقالَ: هَلُمَّ إلَى الغَداءِ. قُلتُ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ: أحلِفُ باللَّهِ لَتُفطِرَنَّه! قُلتُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! قال: أحلِفُ باللَّهِ لَتُفطِرَنَّه! [فلَمّا رأيتُه] (^٣) لا يَستَثنِى أفطَرتُ، فغَدَوتُ ببَعضِ الشَّئِ وأَنا شَبعانُ. ثُمَّ قُلتُ: هاتِ. فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (٥٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣١)، والنسائي (٤١٢٤) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.","vol":"8","page":427},{"text":"سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن حالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَه سَحابَةٌ أو غَيايَةٌ (^١) فأَكَمِلوا العِدَّةَ، ولا تَستَقبِلوا الشَّهرَ استِقبالًا، لا تَستَقبِلوا رَمَضانَ بيَومٍ مِن شَعبانَ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٠٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ، عن زائدَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقَدَّموا الشَّهرَ بصيامِ يَومٍ ولا يَومَينِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ شَيئًا يَصومُه أحَدُكُم، ولا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، ثُمَّ صوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، فإِن حالَ دونَه غَمامَةٌ فأَتِمّوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ، ثُمَّ أفطِروا، الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه حاتِمُ بنُ أبى صَغيرَةَ وشُعبَةُ والحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن سِماكٍ بمَعناه لَم يَقولوا: \"ثُمَّ أفطِروا\".\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن سِماكٍ فجَعَلَ إكمالَ العِدَّةِ لِشَعبانَ:\n\n٨٠٢٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صوموا رَمَضانَ لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن حالَ بَينَكُم وبَينَه غَمامَةٌ أو ضَبابَةٌ فأَكَمِلوا شَهرَ شَعبانَ ثَلاثينَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"غيابة\". والغياية: سحابة أو قترة. النهاية ٣/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٥)، والنسائي (٢١٢٨) من طريق حاتم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٥) من طريق زائدة بنحوه. والترمذي (٦٨٨)، والنسائي (٢١٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٥٩٠، ٣٥٩٤) من طريق سماك بنحوه دون قوله: \"ثم أفطروا. . .\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٤١).","vol":"8","page":428},{"text":"تَستَقبِلوا رَمَضانَ بصَومِ يَومٍ مِن شَعبانَ\" (^١).\nوكأَنَّه ذَكَرَ الحُكمَ في الطَّرَفَينِ جَميعًا، فرَوَى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما أحَدَ طَرَفَيهِ.\n\n٨٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ البَزّازُ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الضَّبِّىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقَدَّموا الشَّهرَ حَتَّى تَرَوُا الهِلالَ أو تُكمِلوا العِدَّةَ، [ثُمَّ صوموا حَتَّى تَرَوُا الهِلالَ أو تُكمِلوا العِدَّةَ] (^٢) \" (^٣). وصَلَه جَريرٌ عن مَنصورٍ بذِكرِ حُذَيفَةَ فيه، وهو ثِقَةٌ حُجَّةٌ.\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىٍّ عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٨٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه طَلقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا سأَلَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - عن اليَومِ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه فيَقولُ بَعضُهُم: هَذا مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٢٧)، والطيالسى (٢٧٩٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٨٨) من طريق أبى يونس عن سماك بنحوه.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٢٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١١)، وابن حبان (٣٤٥٨) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٤٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢١٢٦) من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"8","page":429},{"text":"شَعبانَ. وبَعضُهُم: هَذا مِن رَمَضانَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوُا الهِلالَ، [ولا تُفْطِروا حتى تَرَوُا الهلالَ] (^١)، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَكمِلوا العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ المُلائىِّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ فأُتِىَ بشاةٍ مَصْلِيَّةٍ (^٣) فقالَ: كُلوا. فتَنَحَّى بَعضُ القَومِ فقالَ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ عَمّارٌ: مَن صامَ يَومَ الشَّكِّ فقَد عَصَى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - (^٤). أخرَجَ البخاريُّ مَتنَه في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ (^٥).\n\n٨٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ الطّوسِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي عَبّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صيامٍ قَبلَ رَمَضانَ بيَومٍ، والأضحَى والفِطرِ، وأَيامِ التَّشريقِ؛ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ بَعدَ يَومِ النَّحرِ (^٦). أبو عَبّادٍ هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٩٠، ١٦٢٩٤) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٣) مصلية: مشوية. النهاية ٣/ ٥٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٢٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٢٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٣٤)، والترمذي (٦٨٦)، والنسائي (٢١٨٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٤) من طريق أبى خالد الأحمر به.\n(^٥) البخاري معلقًا قبل (١٩٠٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٣٢٠، ٧٨٨٥) عن الثوري به.","vol":"8","page":430},{"text":"المَقبُرِىُّ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^١).\n\n٨٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عيدِ اللهِ البَصرىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَسعودِىُّ، عن هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُكَيمٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا كانَتِ اللَّيلَةُ التي يُشَكُّ فيها مِن رَمَضانَ قامَ حينَ يُصَلِّى المَغرِبَ، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ هَذا شَهرٌ كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيكُم صيامَه، ولَم يَكتُبْ عَلَيكُم قيامَه، فمَنِ استَطاعَ (^٢) أن يَقومَ فليَقُمْ؛ فإِنَّها مِن نَوافِلِ الخَيرِ التي أمَرَ اللهُ ﷿ بها، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ فليَنَمْ على فِراشِه، ولا يَقُلْ قائلٌ: إن صامَ فُلانٌ صُمتُ، وإِن قامَ فُلانٌ قُمتُ. فمَن صامَ أو قامَ فليَجعَلْ ذَلِكَ للهِ ﷿، أقِلّوا اللَّغوَ في بيوتِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وليَعلَمْ أحَدُكُم أنَّه في صَلاةٍ ما انتَظَرَ الصَّلاةَ، ألا لا يَتَقَدَّمَنَّ الشَّهرَ مِنكُم أحَدٌ، صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا شَعبانَ ثَلاثينَ، ثُمَّ لا تُفطِروا حَتَّى يَغسِقَ اللَّيلُ على الظِّرابِ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٢٦٧٤).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"منكم\".\n(^٣) الظراب: الجبال الصغار، واحدها ظرب بوزن كتف، وإنما خص الظراب لقصرها، أراد أن ظلمة الليل تقرب من الأرض. النهاية ٣/ ١٥٦.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٤٨) من طريق عبد الله بن عكيم به.","vol":"8","page":431},{"text":"الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - كان يَخطُبُ إذا حَضَرَ رَمَضانُ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: هَذا الشَّهرُ المُبارَكُ الَّذِى فرَضَ اللهُ صيامَه ولَم يَفرِضْ قيامَه، ليَحذَرْ رَجُلٌ أن يَقولَ: أصومُ إذا صامَ فُلانٌ، وأُفطِرُ إذا أفطَرَ فُلانٌ. ألا إنَّ الصَّيامَ لَيسَ مِنَ الطَّعامِ والشَّرابِ، ولَكِن مِنَ الكَذِبِ والباطِلِ واللَّغوِ، ألا لا تَقَدَّموا الشَّهرَ، إذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ فصوموا، وإِذا رأَيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَتِمّوا (^١) العِدَّةَ. قال: كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ بَعدَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ وصَلاةِ العَصرِ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الصّوفىُّ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ وعَليًّا كانا يَنهَيانِ عن صومِ اليَومِ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه مِن رَمَضانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فأكملوا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦٤٥)، وفضائل الأوقات (٦٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب عقب (٣٦٤٥)، وفضائل الأوقات عقب (٦٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٧٦) عن حفص به.","vol":"8","page":432},{"text":"٨٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويه الدّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ ماجَه القَرْوينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَندَه، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لَو صُمتُ السَّنَةَ كُلَّها لأفطَرتُ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه مِن رَمَضانَ (^١).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يأمُرُ رَجُلًا يُفطِرُ في اليَومِ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيهِ.\n\n٨٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويه الدّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ماهانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بن محمدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا أبو الضُّرَيسِ عُقبَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ (^٢)، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسٍ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: لأن أُفطِرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ ثُمَّ أقضيَه، أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أزيدَ فيه يَومًا لَيسَ مِنه (^٣).\n\n٨٠٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ فنجُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ ماجَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: اختَلَفوا في يَومٍ لا يُدرَى أمِن رَمَضانَ هو أم مِن شَعبانَ، فأَتَينا أنَسًا فوَجَدْناه جالِسًا يَتَغَدَّى.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٧٨) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"عامر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٧٧) عن وكيع به. والطبراني (٩٥٦٤) من طريق عقبة بن عمار به نحوه.","vol":"8","page":433},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ أنَّه كان يَنهَى عن صَومِ اليَومِ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه (^١). وعن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: افصِلوا. يَعنِى بَينَ صَومِ رَمَضانَ وشَعبانَ، بفِطرٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1791>بابُ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى ورَدَ في النَّهىِ عن الصّيامِ إذا انتَصَفَ شَعبانُ</span>\n\n٨٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا مَضَى النِّصفُ مِن شَعبانَ فأَمسِكوا عن الصّيامِ حَتَّى يَدخُلَ رَمَضانُ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٠٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا النَّضرِ الفَقيهَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ الطّوسِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ قُتَيبَةَ بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ العَزيزِ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: قَدِمَ عَلَينا عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ المَدينَةَ فمالَ إلَى مَجلِسِ العَلاءِ، يَعنِى: فأَخَذَ بيَدِه فأَقامَه ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ هَذا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا انتَصَفَ شَعبانُ فلا تَصوموا\". قالَ العَلاءُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ أبى حَدَّثَنِى عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ عن قُتَيبَةَ، ثُمَّ قال أبو داودَ: قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: هَذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٨٠، ٩٥٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٥١) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وأحمد (٩٧٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١١)، وابن حبان (٣٥٨٩) من طريق العلاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٣٨) عن قتيبة به. وقال: حسن صحيح لا نعرف إلا من هذا الوجه على هذا اللفظ.","vol":"8","page":434},{"text":"حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ لا يُحَدِّثُ بهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1792>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في ذَلِكَ بما هو أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ العَلاءِ</span>\nقَد مَضى حَديثُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبي هريرةَ في النَّهىِ عن التَّقَدُّمِ إلَّا أن يَكونَ صَومًا كان يَصومُه (^٢).\n\n٨٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣) أن يُعجَلَ شَهرُ رَمَضانَ بصَومِ يَومٍ أو يَومَينِ، إلَّا رَجُلًا كان يَصومُ صيامًا فيأتِى ذَلِكَ على صيامِه (^٤).\n\n٨٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يَصومُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ شَهرًا إلَّا شَعبانَ، فإِنَّه كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ كُلَّه (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٣٣٧) بدون قول أحمد.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٠١٩ - ٨٠٢١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٣١٥)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٢٧٠٤)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٤/ ٤٠٨.\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٥٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٦٧)، والنسائي (٢١٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٧٩) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"8","page":435},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^١).\nورَواه أبو النَّضرِ عن أبي سلمةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما رأَيتُه في شَهرٍ أكثَرَ صيامًا مِنه في شَعبانَ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ أبي لَبيدٍ عن أبي سلمةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ [كُلَّه، كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ إلَّا قَليلًا (^٤).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ (^٥)] (^٣) إلَّا قَليلًا، بَل كان يَصومُه كُلَّه (^٦).\n\n٨٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَكُنْ يَصومُ شَهرَينِ يَجمَعُ بَينَهُما إلَّا شَعبانَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٧٠)، ومسلم ٢/ ٨١١ (٧٨٢/ ١٧٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٨٥٠١ - ٨٥٠٣، ٨٥٤٧).\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (٨٥٠٢).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"كله\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٠١)، والترمذي (٧٣٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٠٨) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"8","page":436},{"text":"ورَمَضانَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ قالَت: ما رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صائمًا شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ إلَّا أنه كان يَصِلُ شَعبانَ برَمَضانَ (^١).\n\n٨٠٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يَصومُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ شَهرًا تامًّا إلَّا شَعبانَ يَصِلُه برَمَضانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1793>بابُ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى ورَدَ في صَومِ سَرَرِ شَعبانَ</span>\n\n٨٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا غَيلانُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال له أو لِرَجُلٍ وهو يَسمَعُ: \"صُمتَ مِن سَرَرِ هَذا الشَّهرِ شَيئًا؟ \". فقالَ الرجلُ: لا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"فإذا أفطَرتَ فصُمْ يَومَينِ مَكانَه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الصَّلتِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨١٧)، والطيالسى (١٧٠٨)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٣٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٦٢)، والترمذي (٧٣٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وابن ماجه (١٦٤٨) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٣٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣٣٦)، وأحمد (٢٦٦٥٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٣٥٢) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٤٧) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به.","vol":"8","page":437},{"text":"محمدٍ عن مَهدِىٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^١).\n\n٨٠٤٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِهِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لِرَجُلٍ: \"صُمتَ مِن سَرَرِ (^٢) هَذا الشَّهرِ شَيئًا؟ \". قال: لا. يَعنِى شَعبانَ. قال: \"فإِذا أفطَرتَ فصُمْ يَومًا أو يَومَينِ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ (^٣). قال: وقالَ ثابِتٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ عن عِمرانَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"مِن سَرَرِ (٢) شعبانَ\" (^٤).\n\n٨٠٤٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال له أو لِرَجُلٍ: \"صُمتَ مِن سَرَرِ شعبانَ شَيئًا؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فإِذا أفطَرتَ فصُمْ يَومَينِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَدّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٨٣)، ومسلم (١١٦١/ ١٩٥).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"سر\".\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٨٣). وفي رواية أبى النعمان عنده: أظنه قال: يعني رمضان. قال ابن حجر: وكأن ذلك وقع لما حدث به البخاري وإلا فقد رواه الجوزقى من طريق أحمد بن يوسف السلمى عن أبي النعمان بدون ذلك، وهو الصواب. . . وقال الخطابى: ذكر رمضان هنا وهم. . . فتح الباري ٤/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (١٩٨٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٧٨)، وأبو داود (٢٣٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٦٨)، وابن حبان (٣٥٨٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦١/ ١٩٩). وهداب بن خالد هو هدبة بن خالد. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ١٥٢.","vol":"8","page":438},{"text":"٨٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ العَلاءِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن أبي الأزهَرِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ فروَةَ قال: قامَ مُعاويَةُ في النّاسِ بدَيرِ مِسحَلٍ الَّذِى على بابِ حِمصَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنّا قَد رأَينا الهِلالَ يَومَ كَذا وكَذا، وأَنا مُتَقَدِّمٌ بالصّيامِ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يَفعَلَه فليَفعَلْه. فقامَ إلَيه مالكُ بنُ هُبَيرَةَ السَّبَائىُّ فقالَ: يا مُعاويَةُ أشَئٌ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أم شَئٌ مِن رأيِكَ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"صُوموا الشَّهرَ وسِرَّه\" (^١).\n\n٨٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ في هَذا الحديث قال الوَليدُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو يَعنِى الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: سِرُّه أوَّلُه (^٢).\n\n٨٠٤٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ قال: كان سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: سِرُّه أوَّلُه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه غَيرُه عن الأوزاعِىِّ أنَّه قال: سِرُّه آخِرُه (^٤). وهو الصحيحُ، وأَرادَ به اليَومَ أوِ اليَومَينِ اللَّذَينِ يَستَتِرُ فيهِما القَمَرُ قَبلَ يَومِ الشَّكِّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٣٢٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣٣٠). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٥): شاذ مقطوع.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي خيثمة في تاريخه الكبير (٤٦٩٢)، والخطابى في غريب الحديث ١/ ١٣٠، ١٣١ من طريق الوليد عن الأوزاعي.","vol":"8","page":439},{"text":"أو أرادَ به صيامَ آخِرِ الشَّهرِ مَعَ يَومِ الشَّكِّ إذا وافَقَ ذَلِكَ عادَتَه في صَومِ آخِرِ كُلِّ شَهرٍ. وقيلَ: أرادَ بسِرِّه وسَطَه، وسِرُّ كُلِّ شَئٍ جَوفُه. فعَلَى هَذا أرادَ أيّامَ البيضِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1794>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ في صَومِ يَومِ الشَّكِّ</span>\n\n٨٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّوسِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ يَزيدَ بنَ خُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي موسَى مَولًى لِبَنِى نَصرٍ، أنه سأَلَ عائشةَ عن اليَومِ الّذِى يَشُكُّ فيه النّاسُ فقالَت: لأن أصومَ يَومًا مِن شَعبانَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُفطِرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ رَوحٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ: عن الشَّهرِ إذا غُمَّ. ولَم يَقُلْ: مَولًى لِبَنِى نَصرٍ (^١).\n\n٨٠٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ فنجُويه الدّينَوَرِىُّ بالدّامَغانِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٢) اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شنْبَةَ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى الحَضرَمِىَّ، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ ضُرَيسٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٤٥) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا. وتقدم طرف منه في (٤٧٨٤).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"عبد\". وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٥/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٣) في س: \"شبينة\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٦٦٦).","vol":"8","page":440},{"text":"المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ أنَّها كانَت تَصومُ اليَومَ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه مِن رَمَضانَ (^١).\n\n٨٠٥٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عثمانُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ حُبابٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أبي مَريَمَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لأن أصومَ اليَومَ الَّذِى يُشَكُّ فيه مِن شَعبانَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُفطِرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ (^٢). كَذا روِىَ عن أبي هريرةَ بهَذا الإِسنادِ، ورِوايَةُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في النَّهىِ عن التَّقَدُّمِ (^٣) إلَّا أن يوافِقَ صَومًا كان يَصومُه أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ. وأَمّا الَّذِى روِىَ عن عليٍّ في ذَلِكَ فإِنَّما قالَه عِندَ شَهادَةِ رَجُلٍ على رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ الله (^٤). وأَمّا مذهبُ ابنِ عُمَرَ في ذَلِكَ فقَد ذَكَرناه فيما مَضَى (^٥)، ورِوايَةُ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ مَذهَبَ عائشةَ في ذَلِكَ كَمَذهَبِ ابنِ عُمَرَ في الصَّومِ إذا غُمَّ الشَّهرُ دونَ أن يَكونَ صَحوًا، ومُتابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ الثّابِتَةِ وما عَلَيه أكثَرُ الصَّحابَةِ وعَوامُّ أهلِ العِلمِ أولَى بنا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1795>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ على رُؤيَةِ هِلالِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عزاه في زاد المعاد ٢/ ٤٥ إلى سعيد بن منصور، وأحمد في مسائل الفضل بن زياد عنه من طريق هشام بن عروة به. ولم نجده في تفسير سعيد بن منصور، ولم نجد مسائل الفضل.\n(^٢) عزاه في زاد المعاد ٢/ ٤٤ إلى أحمد في مسائل الفضل بن زياد عنه من طريق معاوية به بنحوه.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٠١٩ - ٨٠٢١).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨٠٦١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٠٠٠).","vol":"8","page":441},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو البَختَرِىِّ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي رأَيتُ الهِلالَ، يَعنِى هِلالَ رَمَضانَ، فقالَ: \"أتَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"أتَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"يا بلالُ، أذِّنْ في النّاسِ أن يَصوموا غَدًا\" (^١).\n\n٨٠٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارِ بنِ الرَّيّانِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى ثَورٍ، عن سِماكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: يَعنِى هِلالَ رَمَضانَ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٥٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ هِلالِ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي قَد رأَيتُ الهِلالَ. فقالَ: \"أتَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: فنادَى أن صوموا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روِىَ عن أبي عاصِمٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ مَوصولًا (^٤)، ورَواه غَيرُهُما عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٣٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٢٤. وأخرجه الترمذي عقب (٦٩١)، والنسائي (٢١١٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٢٤) من طريق حسين بن على الجعفى به. وابن ماجه (١٦٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٢٣) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣٤٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٩١) من طريق الوليد بن أبي ثور به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٧).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٤. وأخرجه النسائي (٢١١١) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٤ من طريق أبى عاصم به.","vol":"8","page":442},{"text":"الثَّورِىِّ مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n٨٠٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّهُم شَكُّوا في هِلالِ رَمَضانَ مَرَّةً، فأَرادوا ألَّا يَقوموا ولا يَصوموا، فجاءَ أعرابِىٌّ مِنَ الحَرَّةِ فشَهِدَ أنَّه رأَى الهِلالَ، فأُتِىَ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أتَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. وشَهِدَ أنَّه رأَى الهِلالَ، فأَمَرَ بلالًا فنادَى في النّاسِ أن يَقوموا وأَن يَصوموا. قال أبو داودَ: رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سِماكٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ مُرسَلًا ولَم يَذكُرِ القيامَ أحَدٌ إلَّا حَمّادَ بنَ سلمةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: حَديثُ حَمّادٍ رَواه أبو داودَ عن موسَى عن حَمّادٍ مُرسَلًا.\n\n٨٠٥٧ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في كِتابِ \"المستدرك\"، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَه موصولًا بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: مَرَّةً (^٣).\n\n٨٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السَّمَرقَندِىُّ وأَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢١١٣) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣٤١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٤.","vol":"8","page":443},{"text":"لحَديثِه أتقَنُ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ هو ابنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: تَرايا النّاسُ الهِلالَ فأَخبَرتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنِّى رأيتُه، فصامَ وأَمَرَ النّاسَ بصيامِهِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ: تَفَرَّدَ به مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وهو ثِقَةٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا الحَديثُ يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ مَروانَ بنِ محمدٍ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، رَواه عنه الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ.\n\n٨٠٥٩ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فصامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَمَرَ النّاسَ بالصّيامِ (^٣).\nورَوَى حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الأُبُلِّىُّ أبو إسماعيلَ، وهو ضَعيفُ الحديثِ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٣٤٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٤٤٧) من طريق عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن السمرقندى وحده به. والدارمى (١٧٣٣) عن مروان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٥٢).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٤) حفص بن عمر بن ميمون أبو إسماعيل الأبلى، قال أبو حاتم: كان شيخًا كذابًا. ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٨٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٥٨، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٦١. وينظر أيضًا تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤٢.","vol":"8","page":444},{"text":"عن مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ وأَبِى عَوانَةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن طاوُسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ المَدينَةَ وبِها ابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ عباسٍ. قال: فجاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى واليها فشَهِدَ عِندَه على رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ هِلالِ رَمَضانَ. فسأَلَ ابنَ عُمَرَ وابنَ عباسٍ عن شَهادَتِه فأَمَراه أن يُجيزَه وقالا: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أجازَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ على رُؤيَةِ هِلالِ رَمَضانَ. قالا: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[لا يُجيزُ على شَهادَةِ الإِفطارِ إلَّا شَهادَةَ رَجُلَينِ] (^١).\n\n٨٠٦٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدِ بنِ حَفصٍ الدُّورِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ أبو إسماعيلَ الأُبُلِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ ومِسعَرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا ممّا لا يَنبَغِى أن يُحتَجَّ به، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٨٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُمِّه فاطِمَةَ بنتِ حُسَينٍ (^٣)، أنَّ رَجُلًا شَهِدَ عِندَ عليٍّ على رُؤيَةِ هِلالِ رَمَضانَ فصامَ، وأَحسِبُه قال: وأَمَرَ النّاسَ أن يَصوموا، وقالَ: أصومُ يَومًا مِن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لا يجوز شهادة الإفطار إلا بشهادة رجلين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٣٥٣)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٥٦ من طريق يحيى بن عياش به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"حبيش\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٢٥٥.","vol":"8","page":445},{"text":"شَعبانَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُفطِرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1796>بابُ الهِلالِ يُرَى بالنَّهارِ</span>\n\n٨٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: جاءَنا كِتابُ عُمَرَ ونَحنُ بخانِقينَ (^٢): إنَّ الأهِلَّةَ بَعضُها أكبَرُ مِن بَعضٍ، فإِذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ نَهارًا فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تُمسوا إلَّا أن يَشهَدَ رَجُلانِ مُسلِمانِ أنَّهُما أهلَّاه بالأمسِ عَشيَّةً (^٣). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٤).\nورَواه مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن سُفيانَ فزادَ فيه: فإِذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ أوَّلَ النَّهارِ فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى يَشهَدَ رَجُلانِ ذَوا عَدلٍ أنَّهُما أهَلَّاه بالأمسِ عَشيَّةً.\n\n٨٠٦٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٥٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٤، ٧/ ٤٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٠ من طريق الربيع بن سليمان به، وفيه أخته. بدلًا من أمه.\n(^٢) خانقين، ويقال: خانقون. بلدة من نواحى السواد في طريق همذان من بغداد، بينها وبين قصر شيرين ستة فراسخ. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١١٣٤ - مسند ابن عباس)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٩ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٩ من طريق محمد بن يوسف عن سفيان الثوري به.","vol":"8","page":446},{"text":"ابنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى مَنصورٌ. فذَكَرَه. قال عليٌّ: قال لَنا أبو بكرٍ: إن كان مُؤَمَّلٌ حَفِظَه فهو غَريبٌ، وخالَفَه إمامٌ؛ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا اللَّفظُ قَد رَواه شُعبَةُ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مِهرانَ الأعمَشِ عن أبى وائلٍ:\n\n٨٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ صَخرٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أبو أُمَيَّةَ والعباسُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الجُنَيدِ قالوا: حدثنا رَوحٌ قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: أتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بخانِقينَ أنَّ الأهِلَّةَ بَعضُها أعظَمُ مِن بَعضٍ، فإِذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى يَشهَدَ شاهِدانِ أنَّهُما رأَياه بالأمسِ (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن الأعمَشِ كما رَواه شُعبَةُ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٦٥ - ورَاه إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ مُرسَلًا بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ، أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٩.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٨.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٣٦٠.","vol":"8","page":447},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن شِباكٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى عُتبَةَ بنِ فرقَدٍ: إذا رأَيتُمُ الهِلالَ نَهارًا قَبلَ أن تَزولَ الشَّمسُ لتَمامِ ثَلاثينَ فأَفطِروا، وإِذا رأَيْتُموه بَعدَ ما تَزولُ الشَّمسُ فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَصوموا (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه إبراهيمُ النَخَعِىُّ مُنقَطِعًا، وحَديثُ أبى وائلٍ أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ.\n\n٨٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ أُناسًا رأَوا هِلالَ الفِطرِ نَهارًا فأَتَمَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ صيامَه إلَى اللَّيلِ وقالَ: لا حَتَّى يُرَى مِن حَيثُ يُرَى باللَّيلِ.\nورَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سالِمٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: إنَّ ناسًا يُفطِرونَ إذا رأَوُا الهِلالَ نَهارًا، وإِنَّه لا يَصلُحُ لَكُم أن تُفطِروا حَتَّى تَرَوه لَيلًا مِن حَيثُ يُرَى.\n\n٨٠٦٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٣٣٢). وأخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٢٠٦) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٢٠٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٣٧)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٣ من طريق ابن شهاب به.","vol":"8","page":448},{"text":"ورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1797>بابُ ما عَلَيه في كُلِّ لَيلَةٍ مِن نيَّةِ الصّيامِ لِلغَدِ</span>\n\n٨٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أَبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ التّاجِرُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ وهبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُبَيِّتِ الصّيامَ قَبلَ الفَجرِ فلا صيامَ له\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1798>بابُ مَن أصبَحَ جُنُبًا في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ، عن أبي يونُسَ مَولَى عائشةَ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - وهِىَ تَسمَعُ: إنِّي أُصبِحُ جُنُبًا وأَنا أُريدُ الصّيامَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأَنا أُصبِحُ جُنُبًا وأَنا أُريدُ الصّيامَ فأَغتَسِلُ ثُمَّ أصومُ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: إنَّكَ لَستَ مِثلَنا؛ قَد غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ. فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"واللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الموطأ ١/ ٢٨٧، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٣٩، ٩٥٤٠)، والغيلانيات (١٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٣٠، ٢٣٣١) من طريق الليث به، وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٩٨٥).","vol":"8","page":449},{"text":"إنِّي لأرجو أن أكونَ أخشاكُم للهِ وأَعلَمَكُم بما أتَّقِى\" (^١).\nتابَعَه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ.\n\n٨٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعمَرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّ أبا يونُسَ مَولَى عائشةَ أخبَرَه عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺيَستَفتيه وعائشَةُ تَسمَعُ مِن وراءِ البابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ تُدرِكُنِى الصَّلاةُ وأَنا جُنُبٌ فأَصومُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأَنا تُدرِكُنِى الصَّلاةُ وأَنا جُنُبٌ فأَصومُ\". فَقالَ: لَستَ مِثلَنا، قَد غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ. فقالَ: \"واللَّهِ إني لأرجو أن أكونَ أخشاكُم للهِ وأَعلَمَكُم بما أتَّقِى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٧١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٦٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٧، ٩٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٩، ومن طريق أحمد (٢٤٣٨٥)، وأبو داود (٢٣٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠١٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٩٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١١٠).","vol":"8","page":450},{"text":"حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ فيما قرأَ عَلَيه عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجَىِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّهُما قالَتا: إن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيُصبِحُ جُنُبًا مِن جِماعٍ غَيرِ احتِلامٍ ثُمَّ يَصومُ (^١).\n\n٨٠٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ، زادَ في مَتنِه: في رَمَضانَ ثُمَّ يَصومُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وذَكَرَ قَولَه: في رَمَضانَ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، قال أبو محمدٍ: حدثنا. وقالَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا، أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبٍ الحِميَرِىِّ، أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ مَروانَ أرسَلَه إلَى أُمِّ سلمةَ يَسأَلُها عن الرَّجُلِ يُصبِحُ جُنُبًا، أيَصومُ؟ فقالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصبِحُ جُنُبًا مِن جِماعٍ لا حُلُمٍ، ثُمَّ لا يُفطِرُ ولا يَقضِى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك برواية الليثي ١/ ٢٨٩، وفيه: في رمضان.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٧/ ٢ ظ)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٤)، وأبو داود (٢٣٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٠٩/ ٧٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"8","page":451},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n٨٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُدرِكُه الفَجرُ في رَمَضانَ وهو جُنُبٌ مِن غَيرِ حُلُمٍ فيَغتَسِلُ ويَصومُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: كُنتُ وأَبِى عِندَ مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ، فذُكِرَ له أنَّ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: مَن أصبَحَ جُنُبًا أفطَرَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ. فقالَ مَروانُ: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ لَتَذهَبَنَّ إلَى أُمَّىِ المُؤمِنينَ عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ فلَتَسأَلَنَّهُما عن ذَلِكَ. قال أبو بكرٍ: فذَهَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وذَهَبتُ مَعَه حَتَّى دَخَلنا على عائشةَ، فسَلَّمَ عَلَيها عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٠٩/ ٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٦٢) عن الربيع بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٣٠)، ومسلم (١١٠٩/ ٧٦).","vol":"8","page":452},{"text":"فقالَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ إنّا كُنّا عِندَ مَرْوانَ فذُكِرَ له أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: مَن أصبَحَ جُنُبًا أفطَرَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: لَيسَ كما قال أبو هريرةَ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، أتَرغَبُ عَمّا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه؟! فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: لا واللَّهِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: فأَشهَدُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إن كان لَيُصبِحُ جُنُبًا مِن جِماعٍ غَيرِ احتِلامٍ ثُمَّ يَصومُ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ. قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجنا حَتَّى دَخَلنا على أُمِّ سلمةَ فسأَلَها عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَت مِثلَ ما قالَت عائشَةُ، فخَرَجْنا حَتَّى جِئْنا مَرْوانَ، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ما قالَتا، فقالَ مَرْوانُ: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ يا أبا محمدٍ لَتَركَبَنَّ دابَّتِى بالبابِ فلَتأتيَنَّ أبا هريرةَ فلتُخَبِرَنَّه بذَلِكَ. فرَكِبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ورَكِبتُ مَعَه حَتَّى أتَينا أبا هريرةَ فتَحَدَّثَ مَعَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ساعَةً، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: لا عِلمَ لِى بذَلِكَ إنَّما أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ مُدرَجًا في رِوايَتِه عن أبي اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بمَعنَى هَذا الحديث، إلَّا أنَّ في حَديثِه: فقالَ: كَذَلِكَ حَدَّثَنِى الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ وهو أعلَمُ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي بكرٍ يَعنِى أباه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٦٥)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٩٤، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٣٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٢٥، ١٩٢٦).","vol":"8","page":453},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ في قَصَصِه: مَن أدرَكَه الفَجرُ جُنُبًا فلا يَصُمْ. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ؛ لأبيه (^١)، فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، فانطَلَقَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وانطَلَقْتُ مَعَه حَتَّى دَخَلْنا على عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ، فسأَلَهُما عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فكِلتاهُما قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصبِحُ جُنُبًا مِن غَيرِ حُلُمٍ ثُمَّ يَصومُ. قال: فانطَلَقْنا حَتَّى دَخَلْنا على مَرْوانَ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، فقالَ مَرْوانُ: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ إلَّا ما ذَهَبْتَ إلَى أبي هريرةَ ورَدَدْتَ عَلَيه ما يقولُ. قال: فجِئْنا أبا هريرةَ - وأبو بكرٍ حاضِرٌ ذَلِكَ كُلَّه - قال: فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ ولَم أسمَعْه مِنَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فرَجَعَ أبو هريرةَ عَمّا كان يقولُ في ذَلِكَ. قُلتُ لِعَبدِ الملِكِ: قالَتا: في رَمَضانَ؟ قال: كَذَلِكَ؛ يُصبِحُ جُنُبًا مِن غَيرِ حُلُمٍ ثُمَّ يَصومُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ،\n_________\n(^١) قال النووي: هكذا هو في جميع النسخ: فذكرت ذلك لعبد الرحمن بن الحارث لأبيه. وهو صحيح مليح، ومعناه: ذكره أبو بكر لأبيه عبد الرحمن. فقرله: لأبيه. بدل من: عبد الرحمن. بإعادة حرف الجر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٧٣٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٣٥، ٢٩٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠١١)، وابن حبان (٣٤٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٠٩/ ٧٥).","vol":"8","page":454},{"text":"أنَّ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - رَجَعَ عن قَولِه قَبلَ مَوتِهِ (^١).\n\n٨٠٧٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ المَكِّىُّ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: رَجَعَ أبو هريرةَ عن قَولِه رُجوعًا حَسَنًا. يَعنِى في الجُنُبِ إذا أصبَحَ ولَم يَغتَسِلْ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ المُنذِرِ أنَّه قال: أحسَنُ ما سَمِعتُ في هَذا أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ مَحمولًا على النَّسخِ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ الجِماعَ كان في أوَّلِ الإسلامِ مُحرَّمًا على الصّائمِ في اللَّيلِ بَعدَ النَّومِ كالطَّعامِ والشَّرابِ، فلَمّا أباحَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الجِماعَ إلَى طُلوعِ الفَجرِ جازَ لِلجُنُبِ إذا أصبَحَ قَبلَ يَغتَسِلُ أن يَصومَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ لارتِفاعِ الحَظرِ، فكانَ أبو هريرةَ يُفتِى بما سَمِعَه مِنَ الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ على الأمرِ الأوَّلِ، ولَم يَعلَمْ بالنَّسخِ، فلَمّا سَمِعَ خَبَرَ عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ صارَ إلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1799>بابُ الوَقتِ الَّذِى يَحرُمُ فيه الطَّعامُ على الصّائمِ</span>\n\n٨٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٦٦٨)، والخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (١٢٠٥) من طريق ابن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (١٢٠٤) عن أبي سعيد بن أبي عمرو به من قول أبي هريرة.\n(^٣) ذكره الحازمى في الاعتبار (ص ١٣٦) من قول الخطابى. وينظر معالم السنن ٢/ ٥٤٢.","vol":"8","page":455},{"text":"لما نَزَلَت: ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾ الآيَة [البقرة: ١٨٧]. عَمَدتُ إلَى عِقالَينِ؛ عِقالٍ أبيَضَ وعِقالٍ أسوَدَ، فجَعَلتُهُما تَحتَ وِسادَتِي، فجَعَلتُ أقومُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فأَنظُرُ فلا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِى، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرتُه فضَحِكَ وقالَ: \"إن كان وِسادُكَ لَعَريضًا! إنَّما ذاكَ بَياضُ النَّهارِ مِن (^١) سَوادِ اللَّيلِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ عن هُشَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُصَينٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىِّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ - ﵁ - قال: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ﴾. ولَم يَنزِلْ: ﴿مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾. قال: وكانَ رِجالٌ إذا أرادوا الصَّومَ رَبَطَ أحَدُهُم في رِجلَيه الخَيطَ الأسوَدَ والخَيطَ الأبيَضَ، فلا يَزالُ يأكُلُ ويَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ له زيُّهُما (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٧٠)، والترمذي (٢٩٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٤٦٢) من طريق هشيم به. وأبو داود (٢٣٤٩) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩١٦)، ومسلم (١٠٩٠).\n(^٤) في مصادر التخريج: \"رؤيتهما\"، سوى مسلم فعنده: \"رئيهما\". قال الإمام النووي: هذه اللفظة ضبطت على ثلاثة أوجه: أحدها: رئيهما، براء مكسورة ثم همزة ساكنة ثم ياء، ومعاه: منظرهما، ومنه قول الله تعالى: ﴿أَحْسَنُ أَثَاثًا وَرِئْيًا﴾ [مريم: ٧٤]. والثاني: زيُّهما، بزاى مكسورة وياء مشددة بلا همزة، ومعناه: لونهما، والثاك: رئيهما، بفتح الراء وكسرها وتشديد الياء، قال القاضي: هذا غلط هنا، لأن الرئى التابع من الجن، قال: فإن صح رواية فمعناه: مرئى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢٠٢. وينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٢٧، وفتح الباري ٤/ ١٣٤.","vol":"8","page":456},{"text":"فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿مِنَ الْفَجْرِ﴾. فعَلِموا أنَّه إنَّما يَعنِى بذَلِكَ اللَّيلَ والنَّهارَ. قال ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي حازِمٍ عن أبيه عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ بنَحوِهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلٍ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ بالإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقاقُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَوادَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَغُرَّنَّكُم مِن سَحورِكُم أذانُ بلالٍ ولا بَياضُ الأُفُقِ المُستَطيلُ هَكَذا، حَتَّى يَستَطيرَ هَكَذا\". وحَكَى حَمّادٌ بيَدِه قال: يَعنِى مُعتَرِضًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٣٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٢٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به بالإسناد الأول.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩١٧)، ومسلم (١٠٩١/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٩٤/ ٤٣).","vol":"8","page":457},{"text":"\"هُما فجرانِ؛ فأَمّا الَّذِى كأَنَّه ذَنَبُ السِّرْحانِ فإِنَّه لا يُحِلُّ شَيئًا ولا يُحَرِّمُه، وأَمّا المُستَطيلُ الَّذِى يأخُذُ بالأُفُقِ فإِنَّه يُحِلُّ الصَّلاةَ ويُحَرِّمُ الطَّعامَ\" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الشُّعَيبِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ البَزّازُ الزَّينَبِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَرزوقِ بنِ أبي عَوفٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو النّاقِدُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُحرِزٍ البَغدادِيُّ بالفُسطاطِ بخَبَرٍ غَريبٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ فأَمّا الأوَّلُ فإِنَّه لا يُحَرِّمُ الطَّعامَ ولا يُحِلُّ الصَّلاةَ، وأَمّا الثّانِى فإِنَّه يُحَرِّمُ الطَّعامَ ويُحِلُّ الصَّلاةَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ مُحرِزٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ عمرٍو النّاقِدِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الفَجرُ فجرانِ؛ فجرٌ يَحِلُّ فيه الطَّعامُ وتَحرُمُ فيه الصَّلاةُ، وفَجرٌ تَحِلُ فيه الصَّلاةُ ويَحرُمُ فيه الطَّعامُ\" (^٣).\nأسنَدَه أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، ورَواه غَيرُه عن الثَّورِىِّ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٨٨).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٨٧).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٩١، ٤٢٥، وابن خزيمة (٣٥٦، ١٩٢٧)، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٧٨٩، ٢١٨١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٩٠).","vol":"8","page":458},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1800>بابُ الوَقتِ الَّذِى يَحِلُّ فيه فِطرُ الصّائمِ</span>\n\n٨٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ عاصمَ بنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أقبَلَ اللَّيلُ مِن ههُنا وأَدبَرَ النَّهارُ مِن ههُنا، وغَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ، فقَد أفطَرَ الصّائمُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٨٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فلَمّا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ قال: \"يا فُلانُ انزِلْ فاجدَحْ (^٣) لَنا\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عَلَيكَ نَهارًا. قال: \"انزِلْ فاجدَحْ لَنا\". فنَزَلَ فجَدَحَ له فأَتاه به فشَرِبَه النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قال بيَدِه: \"إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ مِن ههُنا، وجاءَ اللَّيلُ مِن ههُنا، فقَد أفطَرَ الصّائمُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٨) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٥٤)، ومسلم (١١٠٠).\n(^٣) الجدح: هو خلط الشيء بغيره، والمراد هنا خلط السويق بالماء وتحريكه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢١٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩٥) عن هشيم به. وأبو داود (٢٣٥٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١١)، وابن حبان (٣٥١١، ٣٥١٢) من طريق الشيبانى به.","vol":"8","page":459},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجهٍ (^١) أُخَرَ عن الشَّيبانِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1801>بابُ التَّغليظِ على مَن أفطَرَ قَبلَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ</span>\n\n٨٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عامِرٍ أبى يَحيَى الكَلاعِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺيقولُ: \"بَينا أنا نائمٌ إذ أتانِى رَجُلانِ فأَخَذا بضَبْعَيَّ فأَتَيا بى جَبَلًا وعْرًا فقالا لِىَ: اصعَدْ. فقُلتُ: إنِّي لا أُطيقُه. فقالا: إنّا سَنُسَهِّلُه لَكَ. فصَعِدتُ حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ في سَواءِ الجَبَلِ (^٣) إذا أنا بأَصواتٍ شَديدَةٍ فقُلتُ: ما هذه الأصواتُ؟ قالوا: هَذا عُواءُ أهلِ النّارِ. ثُمَّ انطُلِقَ بى فإِذا أنا بقَومٍ (^٤) مُعَلَّقينَ بعَراقيبِهِم، مُشَقَّقَةٍ أشداقُهُم، تَسيلُ أشداقُهُم دَمًا\" قال: \"قُلتُ: مَن هَؤُلاءِ؟ قال: هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ يُفطِرونَ قَبلَ تَحِلَّةِ صَومِهِم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وجه\".\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٠١/ ٥٢)، والبخاري (١٩٤١، ١٩٥٥، ١٩٥٦).\n(^٣) سواء الجبل: ذِروته. التاج ٣٨/ ٣٢٢ (س وو).\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"بأقوام\".\n(^٥) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٤٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٨٦) عن بحر بن نصر به. وابن حبان (٧٤٩١) من طريق بشر به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٨٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد به.","vol":"8","page":460},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1802>بابُ (^١) مَن أكَلَ وهو يَرَى أنَّ الفَجرَ لَم يَطلُعْ ثُمَّ بانَ أنَّه كان قَد طَلَعَ</span>\n\n٨٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ قال: حدثنا خالِدٌ ومَنصورٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ عن رَجُلٍ تَسَحَّرَ وهو يَرَى أنَّ عَلَيه لَيلًا وقَد طَلَعَ الفَجرُ. فقالَ: مَن أكَلَ مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ فليأكُلْ مِن آخِرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٨٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه قال مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال: وقالَ الحَسَنُ: يُتِمُّ صَومَه ولا شَئَ عَلَيه (^٣).\n\n٨٠٨٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ مِن أهلِ دِمَشقَ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ المُنذِرِ الغَسّانِىِّ، عن مَكحولٍ قال: سُئلَ أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ عن رَجُلٍ تَسَحَّرَ وهو يَرَى أنَّ عَلَيه لَيلًا وقَد طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، قال: إن كان شَهرَ رَمَضانَ صامَه وقَضَى يَومًا مَكانَه، وإِن كان مِن غَيرِ شَهرِ رَمَصانَ فليأكُلْ مِن آخِرِه فقَد أكَلَ مِن أوَّلِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) من هنا إلى آخر الباب لم يرد في: ص ٤.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٩ - تفسير).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٨٠ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٢٣) من طريق آخر بذكر قول ابن سيرين وحده. وأيضًا في (٩١٢٧) بذكر قول الحسن وحده.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٢٨١ - تفسير).","vol":"8","page":461},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ مِثلَ قَولِ ابنِ سيرينَ (^١). وعن مُجاهِدٍ مِثلَ قَولِ الحَسَنِ (^٢).\nوقَولُ مَن قال: يَقضِى. أصَحُّ؛ لما مَضَى مِنَ الدَّلالَةِ على وُجوبِ الصَّومِ مِن وقتِ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ، مَعَ ما روّينا في هَذا البابِ مِنَ الأثَرِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1803>بابُ مَن أكَلَ وهو يَرَى أنَّ الشَّمسَ قَد غَرَبَت ثُمَّ بانَ أنَّها لَم تَغرُبْ</span>\n\n٨٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ، عن أسماءَ قالَت: أفطَرْنا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في يَومِ غَيمٍ ثُمَّ بَدَت لَنا الشَّمسُ. فقُلتُ لِهِشامٍ: فأُمِروا بالقَضاءِ؟ قال: فبُدٌّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣)؟ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٥).\n\n٨٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي في آخَرينَ قالوا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٣٩١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩١٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٣٨٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٨ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩١٢٤).\n(^٣) فبد من ذلك: هو استفهام إنكار محذوف الأداة، والمعنى: لا بد من قضاء، ووقع في رواية أبى ذر: لا بد من القضاء. فتح الباري ٤/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٣٥٩)، وابن ماجه (١٦٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٩١) من طريق أبى أسامة حماد بن أسامة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٥٩).","vol":"8","page":462},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أخيه خالِدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أفطَرَ في رَمَضانَ في يَومٍ ذِى غَيمٍ ورأَى أنَّه قَد أمسَى وغابَتِ الشَّمسُ، فَجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قَد طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: الخَطبُ يَسيرٌ وقَدِ اجتَهَدْنا (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَعنِى قَضاءَ يَومٍ مَكانَه. وعَلَى ذَلِكَ حَمَلَه أيضًا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (^١).\nورَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن أخيه عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ (^٢)، وروِىَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن عُمَرَ مُفَسَّرًا في القَضاءِ.\n\n٨٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا عِندَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فأُتِىَ بجَفنَةٍ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ فقالَ المُؤَذِّنُ: الشَّمسُ طالِعَةٌ. فقالَ: أغنَى اللَّهُ عَنّا شَرَّكَ، إنّا لَم نُرسِلْكَ راعيًا لِلشَّمسِ، إنَّما أرسَلناكَ داعيًا إلَى الصَّلاةِ، يا هَؤُلاءَ مَن كان\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٧٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٦، ومالك ١/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":463},{"text":"مِنكُم أفطَرَ فقَضاءُ يَومٍ يَسيرٌ، وإِلَّا فليُتِمَّ صَومَه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعلَى: فأُتِينا بطَعامٍ فأَفطَرَ وقالَ: فما أيسَرَ قَضاءَ يَومٍ، ومَن لا فليُتِمَّ صَومَه.\n\n٨٠٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ حَنظَلَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه وكانَ أبوه صَديقًا لِعُمَرَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عُمَرَ في رَمَضانَ فأَفطَرَ وافطَرَ النّاسُ فصَعِدَ المُؤَذِّنُ ليُؤَذِّنَ فقالَ: أيُّها النّاسُ هذه الشَّمسُ لَم تَغرُبْ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: كَفانا اللَّهُ شَرَّكَ، إنّا لَم نَبعَثْكَ راعيًا. ثُمَّ قال عُمَرُ: مَن كان أفطَرَ فليَصُمْ يَومًا مَكانَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه بمَعناه أبو إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيُّ عن علىِّ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ (^٢)، وروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُمَرَ.\n\n٨٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن زيادٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عِلاقَةَ، عن بشرِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: كُنتُ عِندَه عَشيَّةً في رَمَضانَ وكانَ يَومَ غَيمٍ، فظَنَّ أنَّ الشَّمسَ قَد غابَت فشَرِبَ عُمَرُ وسَقانِي، ثُمَّ نَظَروا إلَيها على سَفحِ الجَبَلِ فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا نُبَالِى واللَّهِ، نَقضِى\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٧ من طريق أبى إسحاق الشيبانى به.","vol":"8","page":464},{"text":"يَومًا مَكانَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الوَليدُ لنُ أبى ثَورٍ عن زيادٍ (^٢).\nوفِي تَظاهُرِ (^٣) هذه الرِّواياتِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في القَضاءِ دَليلٌ على خَطإِ رِوايَةِ زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ في تَرْكِ القَضاءِ وهى فيما:\n\n٨٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ لنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن شَيبانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ جُلوسٌ في مَسجِدِ المَدينَةِ في رَمَضانَ والسَّماءُ مُتَغَيِّمَةٌ، فرأَينا أنَّ الشَّمسَ قَد غابَت وأَنّا قَد أمسَينا، فأُخرِجَت لَنا عِساسٌ (^٤) مِن لَبَنٍ مِن بَيتِ حَفصةَ، فشَرِبَ عُمَرُ وشَرِبْنا، فلَم نَلبَثْ أن ذَهَبَ السَّحابُ وبَدَتِ الشَّمسُ فجَعَلَ بَعضُنا يقولُ لِبَعضٍ: نَقضِى يَومَنا هَذا. فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ فقالَ: واللَّهِ لا نَقضيه وما تَجانَفْنا لإِثمٍ (^٥). كَذا رَواه شَيبانُ.\nورَواه حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ (^٦).\nوكانَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِيُّ يَحمِلُ على زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ بهَذِه الرِّوايَةِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٧ من طريق الوليد بن أبي ثور به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"نظائر\".\n(^٤) العساس: جمع العُس، وهو القدح الكبير، ويجمع أيضًا على أعساس. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٥ من طريق حفص بن غياث به.","vol":"8","page":465},{"text":"المُخالِفَةِ لِلرِّواياتِ المُتَقَدِّمَةِ، ويَعُدُّها مما خولِفَ فيه (^١)، وزَيدٌ ثِقَةٌ، إلَّا أنَّ الخَطأَ غَيرُ مأمونٍ، واللَّهُ يَعصِمُنا مِنَ الزَّلَلِ والخَطايا بمَنِّه وسَعَةِ رَحمَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ صَيفِىِّ بنِ صُهَيبٍ صاحِبِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الأنصارِيُّ، وكانَ أتَى عَلَيه مِائَةٌ وخَمسَ عَشرَةَ سنةً قال: أفطَرْنا مَعَ صُهَيبِ الخَيرِ (^٣) أنا وأَبِى في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ في يَومِ غَيمٍ وطَشٍّ (^٤)، فبَينا نَحنُ نَتَعَشَّى إذ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ. فقالَ صُهَيبٌ: طُعمَةُ اللَّهِ، أتمُّوا صيامَكُم إلَى اللَّيلِ واقضُوا يَومًا مَكانَه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1804>بابُ مَن طَلَعَ الفَجرُ وفِي فيه شَئٌ لَفَظَه وأَتَمَّ صَومَهُ</span>\n\n٨٠٩٧ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ الرّازيّانِ قالا: حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ سوَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٦٩.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٥٩٢: لعله تغير اجتهادُ عمر فيكون له في المسألة قولان.\n(^٣) في م: \"الحبر\".\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"عطش\". والطش: المطر الضعيف، وهو فوق الرذاذ، وقيل: هو أول المطر. ينظر تاج العروس ١٧/ ٢٤٤ (ط ش ش).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٤/ ٢١٩ من طريق يوسف بن محمد به.","vol":"8","page":466},{"text":"عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه قال: هَشَشْتُ يَومًا فقَبَّلْتُ وأَنا صائمٌ، فأَتيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: صَنَعتُ اليَومَ أمرًا عَظيمًا! قَبَّلتُ وأَنا صائمٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأَيتَ لَو تَمَضمَضتَ بماءٍ وأَنتَ صائمٌ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ. فقال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ففيمَ؟ \" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فإِنِ ازدَرَدَه (^٢) بَعدَ الفَجرِ قَضَى يَومًا مَكانَه (^٣).\n\n٨٠٩٨ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الرِّياحِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إذا سَمِعَ أحَدُكُمُ النِّداءَ والإِناءُ على يَدِه فلا يَضَعْه حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حاجَتَه مِنه\" (^٤).\n\n٨٠٩٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه. قال الرّياحِيُّ في رِوايَتِه: وزادَ فيه: وكانَ المُؤَذِّنونَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٣٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٩٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥٤٤) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٨٩). وسيأتي في (٨٣٣٦).\n(^٢) ازدرده: ابتلعه. تاج العروس ٨/ ١٤٠ (ز ر د).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٩٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٢٩) عن روح به. أبو داود (٢٣٥٠) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"8","page":467},{"text":"يُؤَذِّنونَ إذا بَزَغَ الفَجرُ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فهو مَحمولٌ عِندَ عَوامِّ أهلِ العِلمِ على أنَّه - ﷺ - عَلِمَ أنَّ المُنادِىَ كان يُنادِى قَبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ بحَيثُ يَقَعُ شُربُه قُبَيلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ، وقَولُ الرّاوِى: وكانَ المُؤَذِّنونَ يُؤَذِّنونَ إذا بَزَغَ. يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ خَبَرًا مُنقَطِعًا مِمَّن دونَ أبي هريرةَ، أو يَكونَ خَبَرًا عن الأذانِ الثّانِى، وقَولُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَمِعَ أحَدُكُمُ النِّداءَ والإِناءُ على يَدِه\". خَبَرًا عن النِّداءِ الأوَّلِ؛ ليَكونَ موافِقًا لِما:\n\n٨١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ والمُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدًا مِنكُم أذانُ بلالٍ مِن سَحورِه، فإِنَّما يُنادِى ليوقِظَ نائمَكُم ويَرجِعَ قائمُكُم\". قال جَريرٌ في حَديثِه: \"ولَيسَ أن يَقولَ هَكَذا ولَكِن يقولُ هَكَذا؛ الفَجرُ هو المُعتَرِضُ ولَيسَ بالمُستَطيلِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن التَّيمِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٨١٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٣٠) عن روح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٣ من طريق عفان بن مسلم عن حماد به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٦٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٦٤٠) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم عن المعتمر به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٨١١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٩٣/ ٤٠)، والبخاري (٦٢١، ٥٢٩٨).","vol":"8","page":468},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بلالًا يؤَذِّنُ بلَيلٍ فكلوا واشرَبوا حَتَّى تَسمَعوا أذانَ ابنِ أمِّ مَكتومٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨١٠٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبي هُبَيرَةَ، عن جَدِّه شَيبانَ قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ فنادَيتُ فتَنَحَّيتُ فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أبا يَحيَى\". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ادنُه، هَلُمَّ (^٣) الغَداءَ\". قُلتُ: إنَّى أُريدُ الصَّومَ. قال: \"وأَنا أُريدُ الصَّومَ، ولَكِنَّ مُؤَذِّنَنا في بَصَرِه سُوءٌ أو شَئٌ، أذَّنَ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ\". كَذا رَواه حَفصٌ (^٤).\nورَواه شَريكٌ عن أشعَثَ عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ الأنصارِيِّ وهو أبو هُبَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨١٢، ٢٠٣٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩١٨، ١٩١٩)، ومسلم (١٠٩٢/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى - كما في المطالب العالية (١١٠٢/ ١)، والإتحاف للبوصيرى (٣٠٤٨) - والطبراني في الأوسط (٤٧٠٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. والحسن بن سفيان، وابن السكن، وابن شاهين، وابن أبي خيثمة - كما في الإصابة ٥/ ١٥٦ من طريق أبى هبيرة به.\n(^٥) عزاه ابن حجر في الإصابة ٥/ ١٥٧ إلى ابن السكن من طريق أشعث به.","vol":"8","page":469},{"text":"والحَديثُ يَنْفَرِدُ (^١) به أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ (^٢)، فإِن صَحَّ فكأَنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ وقَعَ تأذينُه قَبلَ الفَجرِ فلَم يَمتَنِعْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأكلِ، وعَلَى هَذا الَّذِى ذَكَرْنا تَأْتَفِقُ الأخبارُ ولا تَختَلِفُ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1805>بابٌ: مَن طَلَعَ الفَجرُ وهو مُجامِعٌ أخرَجَه مِن ساعَتِه وأَتَمَّ صَومَهُ</span>\n\n٨١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: لَو نودِىَ بالصَّلاةِ والرَّجُلُ على امرأَتِه لَم يَمنَعْه ذَلِكَ أن يَصومَ، إذا أرادَ الصّيامَ قامَ واغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ أتَمَّ صيامَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1806>بابٌ: مَن ذَرَعَه القَيْءُ لَم يُفطِرْ، ومَن استَقاءَ أفطَرَ</span>\n\n٨١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: ومَن تَقَيّأ وهو صائمٌ وجَبَ عَلَيه القَضاءُ، ومَن ذَرَعَه القَيْءُ فلا قَضاءَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يتفرد\"، وفي م: \"تفرد\".\n(^٢) أشعث بن سوار الكندي النجار الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٣٠، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٢٦٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٢٧٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٧٩: ضعيف. وسيأتي تضعيف المصنف له في (١٥٢٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٦٦٥، ٩٦٧١) من طريق نافع بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":470},{"text":"عَلَيه، وبِهَذا أخبرَنا مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٨١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبعِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحُسَينِ المُفَسِّرُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: مَن ذَرَعَه القَئُ فلا قَضاءَ عَلَيه، ومَنِ استَقاءَ فعَلَيه القَضاءُ.\n\n٨١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ السُّبعِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَنَزِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا شَدّادُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثثا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن ذَرَعَه القَئُ وهو صائمٌ فلَيسَ عَلَيه قَضاءٌ، وإِنِ استَقاءَ فليَقضِ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٧٥) بدون قول الشافعي، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٧، ٧/ ٢٥٢، ومالك ١/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٨٠) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٠٤٦٣)، والترمذي (٧٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٦٠، ١٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٣٥١٨) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.","vol":"8","page":471},{"text":"٨١٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي داودَ البُرُلُّسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ القُردوسِيُّ، وقَد أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" (^٢)، وبَعضُ الحُفّاظِ لا يَراه مَحفوظًا. قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: لَيسَ مِن ذا شَئٌ (^٣).\nقُلتُ: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٤)، ورُوِىَ عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال في القَئِ: لا يُفطِّرُ (^٥).\nوروِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مِن قَولِه:\n\n٨١٠٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا أكَلَ الرَّجُلُ ناسيًا وهو صائمٌ فإِنَّما هو رِزقٌ رَزَقَه اللَّهُ إيّاه، وإِذا تَقَيّأ وهو صائمٌ فعَلَيه القَضاءُ، وإِذا ذَرَعَه القَئُ فلَيسَ عَلَيه القَضاءُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٧٦)، وابن خزيمة عقب (١٩٦١) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٣٨٠).\n(^٣) ينظر نصب الراية ٢/ ٤٤٨. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٥٩٤: يريد رفعه. ونقل الترمذي عقب (٧٢٠) عن البخاري قال: لا أراه محفوظًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٧٣)، وأبو يعلى (٦٦٠٤)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٤، ١٨٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٩٢.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٥٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٧١) من طريق حجاج مختصرًا.","vol":"8","page":472},{"text":"٨١٠٩ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ جَنّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبي الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو الأوزاعيُّ، عن يَعيشَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ هِشامٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَعدانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، أنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاءَ. فأَفطَرَ. قال: فلَقيتُ ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَسجِدِ دِمَشقَ فقُلتُ له: إنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ أخبرَنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاءَ فأَفطَرَ. فقالَ: صَدَقَ، وأَنا صَبَبتُ عَلَيه وَضوءَه (^١).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ في إسنادِه، فإِن صَحَّ فهو مَحمولٌ على ما لَو تَقَيّأَ عامِدًا، وكأَنَّه - ﷺ - كان مُتَطَوِّعًا بصَومِهِ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ثَوبانَ:\n\n٨١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي الجودِىِّ، عن بَلجٍ (^٢)، عن أبي شَيبَةَ المَهرِيِّ قال: قُلنا لِثَوبانَ: حَدِّثْنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٧٩).\n(^٢) في النسخ والمهذب ٤/ ١٥٩٥: \"أبى بلج\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عن بلج\". وهو الصواب كما في مصادر ترجمته، ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٤٨، والمؤتلف والمختلف للدارقطنى ١/ ٢٥، والإكمال ١/ ٣٥٠.","vol":"8","page":473},{"text":"قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قاءَ فأَفطَرَ (^١).\n\n٨١١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ والمُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبي مَرزوقٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: أصبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صائمًا فقاءَ فأَفطَرَ، فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنِّي قِئتُ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ (^٣)، وهو أيضًا مَحمولٌ على العَمدِ.\n\n٨١١٢ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِه، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُفطِرُ مَن قاءَ، ولا مَنِ احتَلَمَ، ولا مَنِ احتَجَمَ\" (^٤). فهَذا مَحمولٌ إن ثَبَتَ على ما لَو ذَرَعَه القَئُ.\nوقَد رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثٌ لا يُفْطِرنَ الصّائمَ؛ القَئُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسي (١٠٨٦)، وأحمد (٢٢٣٧٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٤٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وابن ماجه (١٦٧٥) من طريق يزيد به. وسقط من ابن ماجه حنش بن عبد الله. وينظر المهذب ٤/ ١٥٩٥.\n(^٣) ذكره الجصاص في أحكام القرآن ١/ ٢٣٩ عن وهب بن جرير عن أبيه عن يحيى به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٣٧٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٣).","vol":"8","page":474},{"text":"والاحتِلامُ، والحِجامَةُ\". وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ضَعيفٌ (^١).\n\n٨١١٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). المَحفوظُ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ هو الأوَّلُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1807>بابٌ: مَن أصبَحَ يَومَ الشَّكِّ لا يَنوِى الصَّومَ ثُمَّ عَلِمَ أنَّه مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ أمسَكَ بَقيَّةَ يَومِهِ</span>\n\n٨١١٤ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ إلَى قَومِه يَومَ عاشوراءَ فقالَ: \"مُرْهُم فليَصوموا هَذا اليَومَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أرانِى آتيهُم حَتَّى يَطعَموا. قال: \"مَن طَعِمَ مِنهُم فليَصُمْ بَقيَّةَ يَومِه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِىَ في الحديثِ أنَّه أمَرَ بالقَضاءِ، وذَلِكَ فيما:\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١٢١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٩٥٧)، والترمذي (٧١٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦١٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (١٦٥٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٣٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٩٢) من طريق يزيد بن أبي عبيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٢٤)، ومسلم (١١٣٥).","vol":"8","page":475},{"text":"٨١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، عن عَمِّه، أنَّ أسلَمَ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَومَ عاشوراءَ فقالَ: \"صُمتُم يَومَكُم هَذا؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فأَتِمّوا بَقيَّةَ يَومِكُم واقضوه\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو قِلابَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ عن يَزيدَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣). ووَقَعَ ذَلِكَ في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ: سعيدٌ. وقَد رَواه أيضًا سعيدٌ، فخالَفَ شُعبَةَ في الإسنادِ والمَتنِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1808>بابُ مَن رأَى إعادَةَ صَومِه وإِن لَم يأكُلْ ولَم يَشرَبْ</span>\nوحَديثُ الأمرِ بالقَضاءِ في صَومِ عاشوراءَ يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ عامًّا في الَّذِى أكَلَ والَّذِى لَم يأكُلْ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، وقَدِ اختَلَفوا في كونِه واجِبًا في الأصلِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٥٠) من طريق شعبة به. وليس عندهما ذكر القضاء.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤٤٧)، وفيه: سعيد. مكان: شعبة. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٢٩). وينظر الاستذكار ١٠/ ١٣٦، وتحفة الأشراف ١١/ ١٨١.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٥٩٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٥١، ٢٨٥٢) من طريق سعيد به، وليس عندهما ذكر القضاء.","vol":"8","page":476},{"text":"٨١١٦ - وقَد حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن حَفصَةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يُجمِعِ الصّيامَ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فلا صيامَ له\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1809>بابُ مَن أكَلَ وهو شاكٌّ في طُلوعِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٨١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى الأعمَشُ والحَسَنُ (^٢) بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لابنِ عباسٍ: مَتَى أدَعُ السَّحورَ؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إذا شَكَكْتَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: كُلْ ما شَكَكْتَ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ (^٣).\n\n٨١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: أرسَلَ ابنُ عباسٍ رَجُلَينِ يَنظُرانِ إلَى الفَجرِ فقالَ أحَدُهُما:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه عقب (٧٩٨٦).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ١٩٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٥٣) من طريق الأعمش به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٣٦٨) عن سفيان بن عيينة عن الحسن بن عبيد اللَّه به.","vol":"8","page":477},{"text":"أصبَحتَ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: لا. قال: اختَلَفْتُما، أرِنِى شرابِى (^١).\nورُوِىَ في هَذا عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ وعُمَرَ وابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵃ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1810>بابُ كَفّارَةِ مَن أتَى أهلَه في نَهارِ رَمَضانَ وهو صائمٌ</span>\n\n٨١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: هَلَكتُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"وما أهلَكَكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على امرأتِى في رَمَضانَ. قال: \"فهَل تَجِدُ ما تُعتِقُ رَقَبَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ أن تَصومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَجِدُ ما تُطعِمُ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قال: لا. قال: ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ (^٤) فيه تَمرٌ فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقْ بهَذا\". فَقالَ (^٥): أفقَرَ (^٦) مِنّا؟! فما بَينَ لابَتَيها (^٧) بَيتٌ أحوَجُ إلَيه مِنّا. فضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قتيبة في غريب الحديث ١/ ١٧٦ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٣٦٥)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٤٤ - ٩١٤٦، ٩١٥٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٢٩١ هـ - ٣٠٠ هـ)، ص ١١٦.\n(^٤) العرق: الزنبيل والزبيل، أي: القُفَّة. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢١٩. وسيأتي في الحديث التالى.\n(^٥) بعده في ص ٤: \"أهل بيت\".\n(^٦) قال الإمام النووي: كذا ضبطناه \"أفقرَ\" بالنصب، وكذا نقل القاضي أن الرواية فيه بالنصب على إضمار فعل تقديره: أتجد أفقر منا؟ أو: أتُعطِى؟ قال: ويصح رفعه على تقدير: هل أحد أفقر منا؟ صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢٢٦، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٢٨.\n(^٧) اللابتان: الحرتان، والمدينة بين حرتين، والحرة الأرض الملبسة حجارة سودًا. صحيح مسلم =","vol":"8","page":478},{"text":"حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه، ثُمَّ قال له: \"اذهَبْ فأَطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ الأخِرَ (^٣) وقَعَ على امرأَتِه في رَمَضانَ. فقالَ له: \"أتَجِدُ ما تُحَرِّرُ رَقَبَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ أن تَصومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فتَجِدُ (^٤) ما تُطعِمُ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قال: لا. قال: فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ، وهو الزِّنبيلُ، فقالَ: \"أطعِمْ هَذا عَنكَ\". فقالَ: ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أحوَجُ مِنّا. قال: \"أطعِمْه أهلَكَ\". قال محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ: إنَّما كانَت\n_________\n= بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢٢٦.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٩٠)، وأبو داود (٢٣٩٠)، والترمذي (٧٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٧١)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٤)، وابن حبان (٣٥٢٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٠٩)، ومسلم (١١١١/ ٨١).\n(^٣) الأخر؛ بهمزة مفتوحة وخاء معجمة مكسورة بغير مد: هو الأبعد، وقيل: الغائب، وقيل: الأرذل. فتح الباري ٤/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) في م: \"فهل تجد\".","vol":"8","page":479},{"text":"رُخصَةً لهَذا، فمَن أصابَ مِثلَ ما أصابَ فليَصنَعْ ما أُمِرَ بهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨١٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو ذَرِّ ابنُ أبي الحُسَينِ ابنِ أبي القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ عِصامِ بنِ عبدِ المَجيدِ الأنصارِىُّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى وقَعتُ بامرأَتِي في رَمَضانَ. فقالَ: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: لا أجِدُها. قال: \"صُمْ شَهرَينَ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أستَطيعُ. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ. فأُتِيَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - بمِكتَلٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ قال: \"خُذْها فأَطعِمْه عَنكَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أحوَجُ إلَيه مِنّا. قال: \"خُذْه فأَطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ قال في الحديثِ: بمِكتَلٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٥) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٣٧)، ومسلم (١١١١/ ٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٥٠) من طريق مؤمل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٨٥٥)، وابن الأعرابى (٣٥٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به.","vol":"8","page":480},{"text":"ورَواه الأوزاعيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ هَكَذا (^١).\nوذَكَرَه هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبي سلمةَ عن أبي هريرةَ مِثلَه (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وجَعَلَ هَذا التَّقديرَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٣). فالَّذِى يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ تَقديرُ المِكتَلِ بخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨١٢٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا وقَعَ بامرأَتِه في رَمَضانَ فاستَفتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"هَل تَجِدُ رَقَبَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ صيامَ شَهرَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". زادَ ابنُ بُكَيرٍ في رِوايَتِه: \"مُتَتابِعَينِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٨٨) من طريق محمد بن أبي حفصة به، وسيأتي في (٨١٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٥٤) من طريق هشام بن سعد به.\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (٩٩٨٦). وينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٣/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٦) عن قتيبة به. وأيضًا في (٣١١٥) من طريق الليث به، عن =","vol":"8","page":481},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n٨١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ. قال: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: أصَبتُ أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أتَجِدُ رَقَبَةً؟ \". قال: لا يا رسولَ اللَّه. قال: \"أفَتَستَطيعُ أن تَصومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أفَتَستَطيعُ أن تُطعِمَ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قال: لا أجِدُه. قال: فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ قال: \"اذهَبْ فتَصَدَّقْ بهَذا\". فقالَ: على أفقَرَ مِنِّى؟ والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أحوَجُ إلَيه مِنّا. قال: فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قال: \"اذهَبْ به إلَى أهلِكَ\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وإِنَّما كان هَذا رُخصَةً لِلرَّجُلِ وحدَه، ولَو أنَّ رَجُلًا أصابَ أهلَه في رَمَضانَ اليَومَ لَم يَكُنْ له إلَّا أن يُكَفِّرَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الواحِدِ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\nوبِمَعنَى هَؤُلاءِ رَواه أكثَرُ أصحابِ الزُّهرِىِّ؛ إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعُقَيلُ بنُ\n_________\n= أبي هريرة: أن رجلًا.\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٢١)، ومسلم (١١١١/ ٨٢) ولفظهما: عن أبي هريرة: أن رجلًا. . .\n(^٢) أحمد (٧٧٨٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٤٥٧)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٣٩١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١١١/ ٨٤)، والبخاري (٢٦٠٠، ٦٧١٠).","vol":"8","page":482},{"text":"خالِدٍ وغَيرُهُما (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عِراكُ بنُ مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٨١٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ القاسِمِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَبّادَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ تُحَدِّثُ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّه احتَرَقَ. فسأَلَه ما له فقالَ: أصَبتُ أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. قالَت: فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمِكتَلٍ يُدعَى العَرَقَ فيه تَمرٌ فقالَ: \"أينَ المُحتَرِقُ؟ \". فقامَ الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقْ بهَذا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُنِيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ واللَّيثِ بن سَعدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٨١٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الأوَيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عَبّادٍ، عن عائشةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٥٣٦٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٩) من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥٢٥) من طريق عراك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٩٢)، وابن حبان (٣٥٢٨) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١١١، ٣١١٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٣٥)، ومسلم (١١١٢/ ٨٦).","vol":"8","page":483},{"text":"قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - جالِسًا في ظِلِّ فارعٍ (^١)، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى بَياضَةَ فقالَ: احتَرَقتُ؛ وقَعتُ بامرأَتِي في رَمَضانَ. فقالَ: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: \"أطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لَيسَ عِندِى. فأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ مِن تَمرٍ فيه عِشرونَ صاعًا فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقْ\". فَقالَ: ما نَجدُ عَشاءَ لَيلَةٍ. قال: \"فعُدْ به على أهلِكَ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: الزّياداتُ الضى في هذه الرِّوايَةِ تَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ حِفظِ أبي هريرةَ ومَن دونَه لِتِلكَ القِصَّةِ، وقَولُه: فيه عِشرونَ صاعًا. بَلاغٌ بلَغَ (^٣) محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وقَد رَوَى الحديثَ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ببَعضٍ مِن هَذا يَزيدُ ويَنقُصُ، وفِي آخِرِه: قال محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ: فحُدِّثتُ بَعدُ أنَّ تِلكَ الصَّدَقَةَ كانَت عِشرينَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ (^٤). وقَد رُوِىَ في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ: خَمسةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، وهو أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1811>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى هَذا الحديثَ مُقَيَّدَةً بوُقوعِ وطئه في صَومِ رَمَضانَ</span>\nوفيها دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ هذه القِصَّةَ غَيرُ قِصَّةِ المُظاهِرِ؛ فإِنَّ وطءَ المُظاهِرِ وقَعَ\n_________\n(^١) فارع: حصن حسان بن ثابت بالمدينة، ولم يعد معروفا اليوم. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٣٩، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٢٩.\n(^٢) البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٣٢٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٥) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٦): منكر.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"به\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٥٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به، بدون قول محمد بن جعفر.","vol":"8","page":484},{"text":"لَيلًا في القَمَرِ.\n\n٨١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: بَينا نَحنُ جُلوسٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ! فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما لَكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على امرأَتِي وأنا صائمٌ! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل تَجِدُ رَقَبَةً تُعتِقُها؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ أن تَصومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَجِدُ إطعامَ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قال: لا. فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال أبو هريرةَ: فبَينا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ أُتِيَ بَعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ، والعَرَقُ المِكِتَلُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أينَ السّائلُ آنِفًا؟ خُذْ هَذا التَّمرَ فتَصَدَّقْ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: أعَلَى أفقَرَ [مِن أهلى] (^١) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟! فوَاللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها - يُريدُ الحَرَّتَينِ - أهلُ بَيتٍ أفقَرُ مِن أهلِ بَيتِى. قال: فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n٨١٢٧ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ العباسِ الإِسكَندَرانِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"منِّى\". وهو لفظ رواية البخاري، ولفظ رواية ابن حبان كالمثبت.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٥٢٩) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٣٦).","vol":"8","page":485},{"text":"حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ! قال: \"ويحَكَ! وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في يَومٍ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ! قال: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُها. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: ما أستَطيعُ. قال: \"أطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ، خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، قال: \"خُذْه فتَصَدَّقْ به\". قال: على أفقَرَ مِن أهلِى؟! فواللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ أحوَجُ مِن أهلِى. قال: فضحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه. قال: \"خُذْه واستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ وأَطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ والهِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ ومَسرورُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، غَيرَ أنَّ ابنَ المُبارَكِ جَعَلَ قَولَه: خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. مِن رِوايَةِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢)، وأَدرَجَه هِقلٌ ومَسرورٌ في الحديثِ كما أدرجَه (^٣) دُحَيمٌ عن الوَليدِ.\n\n٨١٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داودَ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ الرّازِيُّ وأَنا سأَلتُه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ نِجادِ بنِ يَزيدَ ابنُ أخِى يونُسَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٥٢٦، ٣٥٢٧) من طريق دحيم عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٣٢٦ من طريق هقل به. وذكره الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٠، والمصنف في المعرفة ٥/ ٥٣٦ عن الهقل ومسرور. وتقدم عقب (٨١٢١). وسيأتي في (٩٩٨٧) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن المبارك. وفى (١٥٣٨١) في طريق مسرور.\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"أخرجه\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أدرجه\".","vol":"8","page":486},{"text":"حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: أتَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ويحَكَ! وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: إنِّي وقَعتُ على امرأَتِي وأَنا صائمٌ في رَمَضانَ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل تَجِدُ رَقَبَةً تُعتِقُها؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ أن تَصومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَجِدُ طَعامَ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قال: لا. فسَكَتَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -. قال أبو هريرةَ: فبَينا نَحنُ على ذَلِكَ أُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ فقالَ: \"أينَ الرَّجُلُ آنِفًا؟ خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ به\". قال: على أفقَرَ مِن أهلِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ واللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أفقَرُ مِنّا. قال: فضَحِكَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي ذِئبٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ والنُّعمانُ بنُ راشِدٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ نَمِرٍ وصالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ وغَيرُهُم عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢)، واتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ جَماعَتِهِم ورِوايَةُ مَن سَمَّيناهُم في البابِ قَبلَه على أنَّ فِطرَ الرَّجُلِ وقَعَ بجِماعٍ، وأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بالكَفارَةِ على اللَّفظِ الَّذِى يَقتَضِى التَّرتيبِ.\nوروِىَ عن عائشةَ بنتِ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵄ - عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُقَيدًا بالوَطءِ في رَمَضانَ نَهارًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٣٧ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٦٠، ٦١ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن خالد، والنعمان بن راشد به. والدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٠ من طريق صالح به، وذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٣/ ٣٧٣ عن ابن أبي ذئب وعبد الرحمن بن نمر به.","vol":"8","page":487},{"text":"٨١٢٩ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ إملاءً مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ موسَى بنُ سَهلٍ الجَونِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الرُّمحِ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: احتَرَقتُ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِمَ؟ \". قال: وطِئتُ امرأتِي في رَمَضانَ نَهارًا. قال: \"تَصَدَّقْ تَصَدَّقْ\". قال: ما عِندِى شَئٌ. فأَمَرَه أن يَجلِسَ، فجاءَه عَرَقانِ فيهِما طَعامٌ فأَمَرَه أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ الرُّمحِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ: فأَمَرَه أن يَمكُثَ فجاءَه عَرَقٌ مِن طَعامٍ فأَمَرَه أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الرُّمحِ (^٣).\nورِوايَةُ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ في العَرَقِ أصَحُّ، لِموافَقَتِها سائرَ الرِّواياتِ عن اللَّيثِ ورِوايَةَ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ ويَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٨١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ سعيدٍ ابنَ الأصبَهانِيِّ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الجويني\". والمثبت هو الصواب، وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ١٢٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١١١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١١٢/ ٨٥).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجهما في (٨١٢٤).","vol":"8","page":488},{"text":"وهو يَنتِفُ شَعَرَه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتَيتُ أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. فأَمَرَه أن يُكَفِّرَ كَفارَةَ الظِّهارِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عامِرٍ القُرَشِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1812>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى هَذا الحديثَ مُطلَقَةً في الفِطرِ دونَ التَّقييدِ بالجِماعِ، وبِلَفظٍ يوهِمُ التَّخييرَ دونَ التَّرتيبِ</span>\n\n٨١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أفطَرَ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعِتقِ رَقَبَةٍ أو صيامِ شَهرَينِ أو إطعامِ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا. قال: إنِّي لا أجِدُ. فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقِ تَمرٍ فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ به\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما أجِدُ (^٣) أحوَجَ مِنِّى. فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت ثَناياه ثُمَّ قال: \"كُلْه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ عيسَى عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٤ من طريق شريك به. بزيادة مسعود بين إبراهيم وسعيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"أحد\". وهو كذلك في بعض النسخ المتأخرة من المسند.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٧٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٦٨٧)، وأبو داود (٢٣٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٢٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (١١١١/ ٨٣) ولم يذكر لفظه بل أحال على حديث ابن عيينة، وحديث ابن عيينة بذكر الترتيب في الكفارة.","vol":"8","page":489},{"text":"وبِبَعضِ مَعناه رَواه أيضًا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n٨١٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ رَجُلًا أفطَرَ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ أنْ يُعتِقَ رَقَبَةً أو صيامِ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ أو إطعامِ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ ولَم يَقُلْ: مُتَتابِعَينِ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناهُما رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مُقَيَّدَةٌ بالوَطءِ ناقِلَةٌ لِلَفظِ صاحِبِ الشَّرعِ أولَى بالقَبولِ، لِزيادَةِ حِفظِهِم وأَدائهِمُ الحديثَ على وجهِه، كَيفَ وقَد رَوَى حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ هَذا الحديثَ عن مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ؟\n\n٨١٣٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٩٢) عن عبد الرزاق به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٤٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١١١/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٥٥، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١١٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"8","page":490},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال في رَجُلٍ وقَعَ على أهلِه في رَمَضانَ قالَ: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُها. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ\". قال: ما أستَطيعُ. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1813>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى الأمرَ بقَضاءِ يَومٍ مَكانَه في هَذا الحَديثِ</span>\n\n٨١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال له: \"اقضِ يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، وإِبراهيمُ سَمِعَ الحديثَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ ولَم يَذكُرْ عنه هذه اللَّفظةَ فذَكَرَها عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\nورَواها أيضًا أبو أوَيسٍ المَدَنِيُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n٨١٣٥ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ مُسلِمِ بنِ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٣٢٦ عن حماد بن مسعدة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٥١٨) من طريق أبى مروان به.","vol":"8","page":491},{"text":"حَدَّثَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ الَّذِى يُفطِرُ (^١) في رَمَضانَ أن يَصومَ يَومًا مَكانَه (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ الأيلِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٣):\n\n٨١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَنتِفُ شَعَرَ رأسِه ويَدُقُّ صَدرَه ويَقولُ: هَلَكَ الأبعَدُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَلاكًا ماذا؟ \". قال: إنِّي وقَعتُ على أهلِى اليَومَ. وذَلِكَ في رَمَضانَ، قال: \"هَل عِندكَ رَقَبَةٌ تُعتِقُها؟ \". قال: لا. فقالَ: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ صيامَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ إطعامَ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا. ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النّاسِ بعَرَقٍ عَظيمٍ فيه صَدَقَةُ مالِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أينَ السّائلُ؟ \". قالوا: قَدِ انصَرَفَ. فقال: \"عليَّ به\". فجاءَه الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ به كَفّارَةً لما صَنَعْتَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أعَلَى أحوَجَ مِنِّى وأَهلِ بَيتِى؟ والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أحوَجُ مِنِّى ومِن أهلِ بَيتِى. قال: فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه قال: \"فكُلْ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"يوما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٠ من طريق ابن أبي أويس به.\n(^٣) هو عبد الجبار بن عمر الأيلى، أبو عمر الأموى، مولى عثمان بن عفان. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٣/ ٨٦، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣١، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٥٨، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٦١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٣٨٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٦٦: ضعيف.","vol":"8","page":492},{"text":"وأَطعِمْ أهلَ بَيتِكَ واقضِ يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^١).\n\n٨١٣٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢).\nوقَد روِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا في حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ.\n\n٨١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: بَينا نَحنُ (^٣) عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ يَنتِفُ شَعَرَه ويَدعو: ويلَه، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ويحَكَ! مالَكَ؟ \". قالَ: إنَّ الأخِرَ وقَعَ على امرأَتِه في رَمَضانَ. فقالَ له: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: لا أجِدُها. قال: \"فصُمْ شهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أستَطيعُ. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فأَطعِمْه سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أفقَرُ إلَيه مِنّا. قال: \"كُلْ أنتَ وعيالُكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٥١٩) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٥ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق عن ابن أبي مريم به. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٥٢٠) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤: \"جلوس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٤٤)، والدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٣٨ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"8","page":493},{"text":"٨١٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِ حَديثِ الزُّهرِيِّ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي هريرةَ حَديثِ الواقِعِ. وزادَ فيه: قال عمرٌو: وأَمَرَه أن يَقضِىَ يَومًا مَكانَه (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ وقالَ: زادَ عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ في حَديثِه: فأَمَرَه أن يَصومَ يَومًا مَكانَه.\nورَواه هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ إلَّا أنَّه خالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في إسنادِه فقالَ: عن أبي سلمةَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٨١٤٠ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - واقَعَ أهلَه في رَمَضانَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: \"صُمْ شهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أقدِرُ عَلَيه. قال: \"أطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٤٥) من طريق يزيد به. وابن خزيمة عقب (١٩٥٥) من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"8","page":494},{"text":"به\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما أجِدُ (^١) أحوَجَ إلَى هَذا مِنِّى ومِن أهلِ بَيتِى. فقالَ: \"كُلْه أنتَ وأَهلُ بَيتِكَ، وصُمْ يَومًا مَكانَه، واستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٣).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا:\n\n٨١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا ألو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أتَى أعرابِىٌّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنتِفُ شَعَرَه ويَضرِبُ نَحرَه، ويَقولُ: هَلَكَ الأبعَدُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: أصَبتُ أهلِى في رَمَضانَ وأَنا صائمٌ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل تَستَطيعُ أن تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَستَطيعُ أن تُهدِىَ بَدَنَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاجلِسْ\". فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقِ تَمرٍ، فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ به\". قال: ما أجِدُ (^٤) أحوَجَ مِنِّى. قال: \"فكُلْه وصُمْ يَومًا مَكانَ ما أصَبتَ\". قال عَطاءٌ: فسأَلتُ سعيدًا كَم في ذَلِكَ العَرَقِ؟ قال: ما بَينَ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا إلَى عِشرينَ (^٥). هَكَذا رَواه مالكُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"أحد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٥٤) من طريق حسين بن حفص الأصبهانى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٣) من طريق ابن أبي فديك عن هشام به وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٩٦).\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"أحد\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٨١)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٨، ٧/ ٢٢٥، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٧.","vol":"8","page":495},{"text":"أنَسٍ عن عَطاءٍ.\nورَواه داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ عن عَطاءٍ بزيادَةِ ذِكرِ صَومِ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذْكُرِ القَضاءَ ولا قَدرَ العَرَقِ.\nوروِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^١)، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه في لَفظِ الحديثِ، والاعتمادُ على الأحاديثِ المَوصولَةِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1814>بابُ رِوايَةِ مَن رَوَى في هَذا الحديث لَفظَةً لا يَرضاها أصحابُ الحَديثِ</span>\n\n٨١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ الأَرْغِيانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ السَّلامِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الحَميدِ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ والوَليدُ قالوا: أخبرَنا الأوزاعيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: بَينا أنا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ وأَهْلَكْتُ. قال: \"ويحَكَ! وما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. قال: \"فأَعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\nضَعَّفَ شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ﵀ هذه اللَّفظَةَ (وأهلَكتُ) وحَمَلَها على أنَّها أُدخِلَت على محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ الأرغيانِىِّ؛ فقَد رَواه أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ عن محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ بالإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨١٣٨).","vol":"8","page":496},{"text":"ورَواه العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ. ورَواه دُحَيمٌ وغَيرُه عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ دونَها (^١)، ورَواه كافَّةُ أصحابِ الأوزاعِيِّ عن الأوزاعِيِّ دونَها، ولَم يَذكُرْها أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ الزُّهرِيِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ إلَّا ما روِيَ عن أبي ثَورٍ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ مَنصورٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢). وكانَ شَيخُنا يَستَدِلُّ على كَونِها في تِلكَ الرِّوايَةِ أيضًا خَطأً بأَنَّه نَظَرَ في \"كِتابِ الصَّومِ\" تَصنيفَ المُعَلَّى بنِ مَنصورٍ بخطٍّ مَشهورٍ، فوَجَدَ فيه هَذا الحديثَ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ، وأَنَّ كافَّةَ أصحابِ سُفيانَ رَوَوه عنه دونَها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي قال: سُئلَ الأوزاعِيُّ عن رَجُلٍ جامَعَ امرأَتَه (^٣) في رَمَضانَ قال: عَلَيهِما كَفّارَةٌ واحِدَةٌ إلَّا الصّيامَ؛ فإِنَّ الصّيامَ عَلَيهِما جَميعًا. قيلَ له: فإِنِ استَكرَهَها؟ قال: عَلَيه الصّيامُ وحدَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1815>بابُ التَّغليظِ على مَن أفطَرَ يَومًا مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ</span>\n\n٨١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمارَةَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٩ من طريق أبي ثور به. وينظر العلل له ٢/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"أهله\".","vol":"8","page":497},{"text":"المُطَوِّسِ - قال حَبيبٌ: وقَد رأَيتُ أبا المُطَوِّسِ - عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أفطَرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ في غَيرِ رُخصَةٍ رَخَّصَها اللهُ ﷿ له لَم يَقضِ عنه وإِن صامَ الدَّهرَ كُلَّه\" (^١).\nوفيما بَلَغَنِي عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ أنَّه قال: سأَلتُ البُخارِيَّ عن هَذا الحديث فقالَ: أبو المُطَوِّسِ اسمُه يَزيدُ بنُ المُطَوِّسِ، وتَفَرَّدَ بهَذا الحديثِ، ولا أدرِى سَمِعَ أبوه مِن أبي هريرةَ أم لا (^٢). وقَد أخرَجَ البخاريُّ مَتنَه في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ (^٣).\n\n٨١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن واصِلٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ اليَشكُرِيِّ قال: حُدِّثتُ أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن أفطَرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ مِن غَيرِ عِلَّةٍ لَم يُجزِه صيامُ الدَّهرِ حَتَّى يَلقَى اللهَ ﷿، فإِن شاءَ غَفَرَ له وإِن شاءَ عَذَّبَه (^٤).\nوروِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٦٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٠١٤)، وأبو داود (٢٣٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٨١، ٣٢٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٨٧، ١٩٨٨) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٧).\n(^٢) الترمذي عقب (٧٢٣)، والعلل الكبير ص ١١٦. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٠٣: له طرق عن الثوري عن حبيب قال: حدثني أبو المطوس، وصح أنَّ حبيبا سمعه من عمارة ثم لقى أبا المطوس فحدثه به.\n(^٣) البخاري قبل (١٩٣٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ١٧٢ من طريق هلال بن محمد الحفار. وعبد الرزاق (٦٤٧٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٨٧٢) من طريق واصل به.","vol":"8","page":498},{"text":"٨١٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن عَرفَجَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: مَن أفطَرَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِن غَيرِ عِلَّةٍ، ثُمَّ قَضَى طولَ الدَّهرِ لَم يُقبَلْ مِنه.\nعبدُ المَلِكِ هَذا أظُنُّه ابنَ حُسَينٍ النَّخَعِيِّ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^١).\n\n٨١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ ويَعلَى، عن (^٢) سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ في رَجُلٍ أفطَرَ في (^٣) رَمَضانَ يَومًا مُتَعَمِّدًا، قالا: ما نَدرِى ما كَفّارَتُه، يَصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه ويَستَغفِرُ اللهَ (^٤).\nوروِيَ عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ والشَّعبِيِّ نَحوُ قَولِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ في أن لا كَفّارَةَ عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) هو عبد الملك بن الحسين، ويقال: عبادة بن الحسين، ويقال: ابن أبي الحسين، أبو مالك، النخعي، ويعرف بابن دُر. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤١١، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٤٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٢٤٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٩٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢٢/ ٤٦٨: متروك.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"بن\".\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"من\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٧٢) من طريق يعلى وأبي معشر به. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٨٦٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة عن يعلى عن سعيد بن جبير.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٤٧١)، ومصنف ابن شيبة (٩٨٦٣ - ٩٨٦٥).","vol":"8","page":499},{"text":"٨١٤٨ - فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ الَّذِي أفطَرَ في رَمَضانَ يَومًا مِن رَمَضانَ بكَفّارَةِ الظِّهارِ (^١).\n\n٨١٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢). فهَذا اختِصارٌ وقَعَ مِن هُشَيمٍ لِلحَديثِ.\nفقَد رَواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ وموسَى بنُ أعيَنَ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ مُفَسَّرًا في قِصَّةِ الواقِعِ على أهلِه في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ (^٣). وهَكَذا كُلُّ حَديثٍ روِيَ في هَذا البابِ مِن وجهٍ مُطلَقًا فقَد روِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُبَيَّنًا مُفَسَّرًا في قِصَّةِ الوِقاعِ، ولا يَثبُتُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في المُفْطِرِ (^٤) بالأكلِ شَيءٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٣٣٠ من طريق يحيى الحماني به. والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٠ من طريق إسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضي به بذكر أبي هريرة، ثم قال: والمحفوظ: عن هشيم عن إسماعيل بن سالم عن مجاهد مرسلًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٠ من طريق إسماعيل به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٣٣٠ من طريق يحيى الحماني به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٧، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٣٢٩ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) في م: \"الفطر\".","vol":"8","page":500},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1816>بابٌ: مَن أكَلَ أو شَرِبَ ناسيًا فليُتِمَّ صَومَه ولا قَضاءَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٨١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا نَسِيَ أحَدُكُم فأَكَلَ أو شَرِبَ وهو صائمٌ فليُتِمَّ صَومَه، فإِنَّما أطعَمَه اللهُ وسَقاه\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، كِلاهُما عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^٢).\n\n٨١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الكَرابيسِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن خِلاسٍ ومُحَمَّدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا صامَ أحَدُكُم يَومًا ونَسِيَ فأَكَلَ وشَرِبَ فليُتِمَّ صَومَه، فإِنَّما أطعَمَه اللهُ وسَقاه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أبي أُسامَةَ عن عَوفٍ (^٤).\n\n٨١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥١٩) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٣٣)، ومسلم (١١٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٣٦) عن هوذة به. والترمذي (٧٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٦٧٣) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٦٩).","vol":"8","page":501},{"text":"ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي أكَلتُ وشَرِبتُ ناسيًا. فقالَ: \"أتِمَّ صَومَكَ، فإِنَّ اللهَ أطعَمَكَ وسَقاكَ\" (^١).\nرَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن أيّوبَ وحَبيبٍ وهِشامٍ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\nوروِيَ أيضًا عن أبي رافِعٍ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٨١٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أفطَرَ في رَمَضانَ ناسيًا فلا قَضاءَ عَلَيه ولا كَفّارَةَ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ عن الأنصارِيِّ (^٥)، وهو ممّا تَفَرَّدَ به الأنصارِيُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، وكُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن عليٍّ وابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِهِما (^٦). قال الدّارَقُطنِيُّ: يَرويه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٨)، وابن حبان (٣٥٢٢) من طريق حماد به، وعند ابن حبان بدون ذكر حبيب.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٤٨) من طريق أبي رافع به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٨٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٨، وابن خزيمة (١٩٩٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (٣٥٢١)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٨٧) من طريق محمد بن مرزوق به.\n(^٦) ينظر المحلى ٦/ ٣٢٩.","vol":"8","page":502},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ (^١). وقَد رَواه مِن حَديثِ أبي حاتِمٍ. وقَد روّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ والحَسَنِ في ذَلِكَ وفِي الجِماعِ ناسيًا: لا قَضاءَ عَلَيه (^٢). وكانَ عَطاءٌ يقولُ في الجِماعِ ناسيًا: عَلَيه القَضاءُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1817>بابٌ: مَن تَلَذَّذَ بامرأتِه حَتَّى يُنزِلَ أفسَدَ صَومَه، وإِن لَم يُنزِلْ لَم يَفسُدْ</span>\n\n٨١٥٤ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن شُعبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ عَلقَمَةَ وشُرَيحَ بنَ أرطاةَ - رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّخَعِ - كانا عِندَ عائشةَ فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: سَلْها عن القُبلَةِ للصّائمِ. فقالَ: ما كُنتُ لأرفُثَ عِندَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ وهو صائمٌ، ويُباشِرُ وهو صائمٌ، وكانَ أملَكَكُم لإِربِهِ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٨، ولفظه: تفرد به محمد بن مرزوق، وهو ثقة، عن الأنصاري. وينظر المعرفة للمصنف (٢٤٨٧).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٣٧٥، ٧٣٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٣٧٦).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٥٠٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٨٧، ٣٠٩١) عن الحسن بن محمد به، =","vol":"8","page":503},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، وحَديثُ أبي داودَ قَريبٌ مِنهُ، وفي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي عَدِيٍّ قال: عن عَلقَمَةَ وشُرَيحِ بنِ أرطاةَ أنَّهُما ذَكَرا عِندَ عائشةَ القُبلَةَ لِلصّائمِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه.\n\n٨١٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قُرَيشٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ ويُباشِرُ وهو صائمٌ، وكانَ أملَكَكُم لإِربِهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ هَكَذا (^٢)، وهو غَريبٌ؛ فرِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ عن إبراهيمَ عن عَلقَمَةَ وشُرَيحٍ كما مَضَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ، ومِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ عن عائشَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1818>بابٌ: الحامِلُ والمُرضِعُ إن خافَتا على ولَدَيهِما أفطَرَتا وتَصَدَّقَتا عن كُلِّ يَومٍ بمُدٍّ مِن حِنطَةٍ ثُمَّ قَضَتا</span>\n\n٨١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n= وعنده إبراهيم عن علقمة وشريح. وأحمد (٢٤٩٥٠) من طريق شعبة به، وعنده أن علقمة وشريح بن أرطاة. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٠٥: فساد الصوم بالإنزال لم يدل عليه الحديث.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٦٥) من طريق إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٠٥: فساد الصوم بالإنزال لم يدل عليه الحديث.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٢٧). وينظر كلام ابن حجر على إسناده ونقله لكلام الإسماعيلي في الفتح ٤/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٥، ٦٨).","vol":"8","page":504},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: رُخِّصَ لِلشَّيخِ الكَبيرِ والعَجوزِ الكَبيرَةِ في ذَلِكَ وهُما يُطيقانِ الصَّومَ أن يُفطِرا إن شاءا ويُطعِما مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾. وثَبَتَ لِلشَّيخِ الكَبيرِ والعَجوزِ الكَبيرَةِ إذا كانا لا يُطيقانِ الصَّومَ، والحامِلُ والمُرضِعُ إذا خافَتا أفطَرَتا وأَطعَمَتا مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا. لَفظُ حَديثِ مَكِّيٍّ. وفِي رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ: والحُبلَى والمُرضِعُ إذا خافَتا. والباقِي سَواءٌ (^١).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن سعيدٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: والحُبلَى والمُرضِعُ إذا خافَتا على أولادِهِما أفطَرَتا وأَطعَمَتا.\n\n٨١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٦٣) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٣٨١) عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وأبو داود كما في تحفة الأشراف (٥٥٦٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣١٨). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٣): شاذ.","vol":"8","page":505},{"text":"٨١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ الحامِلِ إذا خافَت على ولَدِها، فقالَ: تُفطِرُ وتُطعِمُ مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا مُدًّا مِن حِنطَةٍ. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في حَديثِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال مالكٌ: وأَهلُ العِلمِ يَرَونَ عَلَيها مَعَ ذَلِكَ القَضاءَ. قال مالكٌ: عَلَيها القَضاءُ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤] (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ لَبيبَةَ أوِ ابنِ أبي لَبيبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، أنَّ امرأَةً صامَت حامِلًا فاستَعطَشَت في رَمَضانَ، فسُئلَ عَنها ابنُ عُمَرَ فأَمَرَها أن تُفطِرَ وتُطعِمَ كُلَّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا مُدًّا، ثُمَّ لا يجزيها فإِذا صَحَّت قَضَته. ذَكَرَه أبو عُبَيدٍ في كِتابِ \"الناسخِ والمنسوخِ\" عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ (^٢). وهَذا قَولُ مُجاهِدٍ؛ تُفطِرُ وتُطعِمُ وتَقضِى (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةِ قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ: تُفطِرانِ وتَقضيانِ (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ: المُرضِعُ إذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٨٨)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٥١، ومالك ١/ ٣٠٨، وعنده بلاغًا عن ابن عمر دون ذكر نافع.\n(^٢) الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٧٨، ٧٩.\n(^٣) ينظر الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبي عبيد ص ٧٨.\n(^٤) عزاه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٤/ ١٧٧ إلى عبد بن حميد من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"8","page":506},{"text":"خافَت أفطَرَت وأَطعَمَت، والحامِلُ إذا خافَت على نَفسِها أفطَرَت وقَضَت كالمَريضِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1819>بابٌ: الحامِلُ والمُرضِعُ لا تَقدِرانِ على الصَّومِ أفطَرَتا وقَضَتا بلا كَفّارَةٍ كالمَريضِ</span>\n\n٨١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نوحٍ النَّخَعِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى وأبو نُعَيمٍ، عن أبي هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عبدِ الأشهَلِ إخوَةِ قُشَيرٍ قال: أغارَت عَلَينا خَيلُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَتَيتُه فوَجَدتُه يأكُلُ فقالَ: \"ادْنُ فكُلْ\". قُلتُ: إنِّي صائمٌ. قال: \"اجلِسْ أُحَدِّثْكَ عن الصَّوم - أو: عن الصّيامِ\". قالَ: \"إنَّ الله وضَعَ عن المُسافرِ شَطرَ الصَّلاةِ، وعن المُسافِرِ والحامِلِ والمُرضِعِ الصَّومَ، أوِ الصّيامَ\". واللهِ لَقَد قالَهُما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كِلاهُما أو أحَدَهُما، فيا لَهفَ نَفسِي ألَّا كُنتُ طَعِمتُ مِن طَعامِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢)! وقالَ غَيرُه: رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ كعبٍ إخوَةِ بَنِي قُشَيرٍ (^٣). كَذا رَواه أبو هِلالٍ الرّاسِبِيُّ دونَ ذِكرِ أبيه في إسنادِه.\nورَواه وُهَيبٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَوادَةَ عن أبيه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n_________\n(^١) عزاه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٤/ ١٧٧ إلى عبد بن حميد من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٦٧، ٣٢٩٩) من طريق أبي هلال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٤٧)، وأبو داود (٢٤٠٨)، والترمذي (٧١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٤٤) من طريق أبي هلال به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٠٧): حسن صحيح.","vol":"8","page":507},{"text":"٨١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببغَدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَوادَةَ القُشَيرِيُّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - رَجُلٌ مِنهُم - قال: أُصيبَت إبِلٌ له فأَتَى المَدينَةَ في طَلَبِ إبِلِه، فدَخَلَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فوافَقَه وهو يَتَغَدَّى فقالَ له: \"هَلُمَّ إلَى الغَداءِ\". فَقالَ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ الصّيامَ وُضِعَ عن المُسافِرِ وشَطرَ الصَّلاةِ، وعن الحُبلَى أوِ (^١) المُرضِعِ\" (^٢).\n\n٨١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ، قال أيّوبُ: فلَقيتُه فسأَلتُه فحَدَّثَنيه عن رَجُلٍ مِنهُم أنَّه أتَى المَدينَةَ في طَلَبِ إبِلٍ له، فدَخَلَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\nورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن أيّوبَ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أنَسِ بن مالكٍ الكَعبِيِّ (^٤).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن أيّوبَ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: أنَسٌ. حَدَّثَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"و\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٧١. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٣١٤) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٦٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٤٣) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٥٦٠)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٩، والطبراني (٧٦٣) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"8","page":508},{"text":"ورَواه خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ ويَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنهُم أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوَرَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ، أو أبي المُهاجِر عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). وهو أبو أُمَيَّةَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ الكَعبِيُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1820>بابُ كَراهيَةِ القُبلَةِ لمن حَرَّكَتِ القُبلَةُ شَهوَتَهُ</span>\n\n٨١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو (^٣) أحمدَ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي العَنْبَسِ، عن الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عن المُباشَرَةِ لِلصّائمِ فرَخَّصَ له، وأَتاه آخَرُ فسأَلَه فنَهاه؛ فإِذا الَّذِي رَخَّصَ له شَيخٌ والَّذِي نَهاه شابٌّ (^٤).\n\n٨١٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٧٦، ٢٢٧٧) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٧٠ من طريق يحيى به. والنسائي (٢٢٧٢) من طريق يحيى عن أبي قلابة عن رجل أن أبا أمية. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٩، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٤٢٣، والطبراني (٧٦٢) من طريق يحيى عن أبي قلابة عن أبي أمية به.\n(^٣) سقط من: م. وهو محمد بن عبد الله بن الزبير أبو أحمد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٤٧٦.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٣٨٧). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٩٠): حسن صحيح.","vol":"8","page":509},{"text":"ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبانٌ البَجَلِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ حَفصٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ في القُبلَةِ لِلشَّيخِ وهو صائمٌ، ونَهَى عَنها الشّابَّ وقالَ: \"الشيخُ يَملِكُ إرْبَه، والشّابُّ يُفسِدُ صَومَه\" (^١).\n\n٨١٦٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي العَنْبَسِ، عن الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n٨١٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن ابنِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبيه قال: سأَلَ شَيخٌ أبا هريرةَ عن القُبلَةِ وهو صائمٌ، فرَخَّصَ له، ونَهَى عَنها شابًّا.\n\n٨١٦٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٨١٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ احمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥٥). وأخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (١٦٥٣) من طريق أبان به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٠٧: لم يخرجوه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥٦).","vol":"8","page":510},{"text":"القُبلَةِ لِلصّائمِ، فأَرخَصَ فيها لِلشَّيخِ وكَرِهَها لِلشّابِّ (^١).\n\n٨١٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ ابنَ عباسٍ عن القُبلَةِ لِلصّائمِ، فقالَ: لا بأْسَ به إذا انتَهَى إلَيهِ. وقالَ: رَجُلٌ قَبَضَ على ساقِها؟ قال أيضًا: أَعِفُّوا الصّيامَ (^٢).\n\n٨١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنه كان يَكرَهُ القُبلَةَ والمُباشَرَةَ لِلصّائمِ (^٣).\n\n٨١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ فتًى سأَلَ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن القُبلَةِ وهو صائمٌ، فقالَ: لا. فقالَ شَيخٌ عِندَه: لِمَ تُحرِجُ النّاسَ وتُضَيِّقُ عَلَيهِم؟ واللهِ ما بذَلِكَ بأْسٌ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: أمّا أنتَ فقَبِّلْ، فلَيسَ عِندَ استِكَ خَيرٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٠٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤١٣) عن ابن جريج به. وفيه: أعفوا الصائم.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥٢٣) عن ابن نمير به. ومالك ١/ ٢٩٣ عن نافع به.","vol":"8","page":511},{"text":"٨١٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ: أيُباشِرُ الصّائمُ؟ قالَت: لا. قُلتُ: ألَيسَ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُباشِرُ؟ قالَت: كان أملَكَكُم لإِرْبِهِ (^١).\n\n٨١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٢) الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا سالِمٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في المَنامِ فرأَيتُه لا يَنظُرُنِي، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما شأنِي؟ فالتَفَتَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: \"ألَستَ المُقَبِّلَ وأَنتَ الصّائمُ (^٣)؟ \". فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لا أُقَبِّلُ وأَنا صائمٌ امرأَةً ما بَقِيتُ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، فإِن صَحَّ فعُمَرُ بنُ الخطَّابِ - ﵁ - كان قَوِيًّا ممّا (^٥) يُتَوَهَّمُ تَحريكُ القُبلَةِ شَهوَتَه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٦٥) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٠٩) من طريق هشام به. والبخاري (١٩٢٧)، ومسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٩٨) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"عبد الجبار\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٥٠٨.\n(^٣) في المهذب ٤/ ١٦٠٨: \"صائم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٤٦، ٤٧ عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في المنامات (١٠٨) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٠٨: هذا لم يخرجوه، وقال أحمد بن حنبل: عمر بن حمزة أحاديثه مناكير. وضعفه ابن معين وقوَّاه غيره، وروى له مسلم، وتحايده النسائي.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ممن\".","vol":"8","page":512},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1821>بابُ إباحَةِ القُبلَةِ لمن لَم تُحَرِّكْ شَهوَتَه أو كان يَملِكُ إرْبَهُ</span>\n\n٨١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بِشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ وهو صائمٌ، وكانَ أملَكَكُم لإِرْبِهِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ عَلقَمَةَ عن عائشةَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٨١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ: أسَمِعتَ أباكَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يُقَبِّلُها وهو صائمٌ؟ فسَكَتَ ساعَةً ثُمَّ قال: نَعَم (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٧٤) عن يحيى به. وابن حبان (٣٥٤٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٤، ٦٦).\n(^٣) الحميدي (١٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٣).","vol":"8","page":513},{"text":"٨١٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: إنْ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيُقَبِّلُ بَعضَ أزواجِه وهو صائمٌ. ثُمَّ تَضحَكُ. وقالَ: قال عُروَةُ: لَم أرَ القُبلَةَ تَدعو إلَى خَيرٍ.\n\n٨١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ عُروةَ في رِوايَتِنا (^١)، وقَد ذَكَرَه (^٢) في \"المبسوط\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n٨١٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ سُئلَت عن القُبلَةِ لِلصّائمِ فقالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ وهو صائمٌ، وكانَ أملَكَكُم لإِرْبِهِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٩١)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٨، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٢، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٥٤٧).\n(^٢) يعني الشافعي. وينظر رقم (٨٢٠٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٢٨)، ومسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"8","page":514},{"text":"\"الصحيح\"، عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٨١٧٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عَبِيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ طَريفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إن كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيَظَلُّ صائمًا فيُقَبِّلُ أينَ شاءَ مِن وجهِي حَتَّى يُفطِرَ (^٢).\n\n٨١٧٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببغَدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ يَعنِي أبا عاصمٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيُّ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُقَبِّلُ في رَمَضانَ وهو صائمٌ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ عن أبي بكرٍ النَّهشَلِيِّ (^٤).\nورَواه أبو الأحوَصِ سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأوْدِيِّ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ في شَهرِ الصَّومِ.\n\n٨١٨٠ - حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٦٦).\n(^٢) معجم ابن الأعرابي (١٣٥٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠١) عن الزعفراني به. وأحمد (٢٦١٧١) من طريق عبيدة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٨٩) من طريق أبي بكر النهشلى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٧١).","vol":"8","page":515},{"text":"يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن جَماعَةٍ عن أبي الأحوَصِ (^٢).\n\n٨١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُثمانَ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ التَّيمِيِّ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أرادَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُقَبِّلَنِي، فقُلتُ: إنِّي صائمَةٌ. فقالَ: \"وأَنا صائمٌ\". ثُمَّ قَبَّلَنِي (^٤).\n\n٨١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَوْلانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ دينارٍ البَصرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن مِصدَعٍ أبي يَحيَى - زادَ يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ: خَتَنِ (^٥) أبي نَضرَةَ - عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُقَبِّلُها وهو صائمٌ ويَمُصُّ لِسانَها. زادَ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٦٣٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٨٣)، والترمذي (٧٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٩٠)، وابن ماجه (١٦٨٣) من طريق أبي الأحوص به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٠٦/ ٧٠).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٢٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وأبو داود (٢٣٨٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠٤) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٨٨).\n(^٥) الختن: زوج البنت. النهاية ٢/ ١٠.","vol":"8","page":516},{"text":"عَفّانُ: فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: سَمِعتَه مِن سَعدٍ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\n\n٨١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعْبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن هِشامِ بنِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّها قالَت: بَينَما أنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الخَميلَةِ إذ حِضْتُ، فانسَلَلْتُ، فأَخَذْتُ ثيابَ حِيضَتِي. فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ أنُفِستِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فدَعانِي فدَخَلتُ مَعَه في الخَميلَةِ. قالَت: وكانَت هِيَ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَغتَسِلانِ مِن إناءٍ واحِدٍ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، وكانَ يُقَبِّلُها وهو صائمٌ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٨١٨٤ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن شُتَيرِ بنِ شَكَلٍ، عن حَفصَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُ وهو صائمٌ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩١٦) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٣٨٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠٣) من طريق محمد بن دينار به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٠٣) من طريق هشام به بطوله. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٦٨) من طريق يحيى بطوله. وعند النسائي ذكر موضع الشاهد، وتقدم الشطر الأول منه في (١٥٠٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٢٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٨٥) من طريق أبي معاوية به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٠٨٢) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"8","page":517},{"text":"يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٨١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهْرانَ قالا: حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبٍ الحِميَرِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ الحِمْيَرِيِّ (^٢)، أنَّه سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -: أيُقَبِّلُ الصّائمُ؟ فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَلْ هذه\". لأُمِّ سلمةَ، فأَخبَرَته أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَد غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَا واللهِ، إنِّي لأتقاكُم للهِ وأَخشاكُم له\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِيِّ (^٤).\nورُوّينا في إباحَتِها عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ وجَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1822>بابُ وُجوبِ القَضاءِ على مَن قَبَّلَ فأَنزَلَ</span>\n\n٨١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٠٧/ ٧٣).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٥٣٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٠٨).\n(^٥) ينظر الموطأ ١/ ٢٩٢، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٤٢١).","vol":"8","page":518},{"text":"سَمِعتُ هِلالًا يَعنِي ابنَ يِسافٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن الهَزْهَازِ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال في القُبلَةِ لِلصّائمِ قَولًا شَديدًا، يَعنِي: يَصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه (^١).\nوهَذا عِندَنا فيه إذا قَبَّلَ فأَنزَلَ.\n\n٨١٨٧ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن عامِرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو مَيسَرَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يُباشِرُ امرأَتَه بنِصفِ النَّهارِ وهو صائمٌ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّهُما كانا لا يَرَيانِ بمُباشَرَةِ الصّائمِ بأسًا (^٣). وفي هَذا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بالرِّوايَةِ الأولَى غَيرُ ما دَلَّ عَلَيه ظاهِرُها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1823>بابٌ: مَن أُغمِيَ عَلَيه في أيّامٍ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ فلا يُجزِئُ عنه وإِن لَم يأكُلْ فيها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: لأنَّه لَم يَدخُلْ في الصَّومِ وهو يَعقِلُه (^٤). قال أصحابُنا: وقَد قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيّاتِ\". وقالَ عنِ اللهِ ﷿ في الصّائمِ: \"يَدَعُ شَهوَتَه وأكلَه وشُربَه مِن أجلِى\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٢٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٤٩٨) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٤٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٥١٧) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٥١٨، ٩٥١٩) من طريق عكرمة عن ابن عباس، وفي الموضع الثاني: لا بأس للشيخ أن يباشر.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢٨٤.","vol":"8","page":519},{"text":"٨١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الأعمالُ بالنّيَّةِ، وإِنَّما لامرِئٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ ﷿ وإِلَى رسولِه، فهِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى دُنيا يُصيبُها أوِ امرأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها، فهِجرَتُه إلَى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٨١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ حَرَسَها اللهُ، قالا: أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يقولُ اللهُ ﷿: الصَّومُ لِي وأَنا أَجْزِي به؛ يَدَعُ شَهوَتَه وأكلَه وشُربَه مِن أجلِي، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، ولِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ؛ فرحَةٌ عِندَ إفطارِه، وفَرحَةٌ عِندَ لِقاءِ رَبِّه، ولخُلوفُ فيه أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) مالك (٩٨٣ - برواية محمد بن الحسن)، ومن طريقه البخاري (٥٠٧٠)، والنسائي (٧٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٤٣٧) من طريق القعنبي به. وتقدم في (١٨٤، ١٠٤٥، ١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥)، وسيأتي في (٩٠٦٥، ١٥١٠١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤)، ومسلم (١٩٠٧/ ١٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١١٢) عن أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (٧٦٠٧)، والنسائي (٢١١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٦٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٤٢٢) من طريق الأعمش به. والترمذي (٧٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٧) من طريق =","vol":"8","page":520},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n٨١٩٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبي المعروفِ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ الإسفَرايينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَذّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَ عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَصومُ تَطَوُّعًا فيُغشَى عَلَيه فلا يُفطِرُ.\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّ الإِغماءَ خِلالَ الصَّومِ لا يُفسِدُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1824>بابُ الحائضِ تُفطِرُ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وزَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ (^٢) أبانٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أضحًى أو فِطرٍ إلَى المُصَلَّى، فصَلَّى ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فقامَ فوَعَظَ النّاسَ وأَمَرَهُم (^٣) بالصَّدَقَةِ فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ تَصَدَّقوا\". ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فمَرَّ على النِّساءِ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ تَصَدَّقنَ، فإِنِّي أُريتُكُنَّ أكثَرَ أهلِ النّارِ\". فقُلنَ: وبِمَ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"تُكثِرْنَ اللَّعنَ،\n_________\n= أبى صالح به. وسيأتي في (٨٣٨٣، ٨٤٠٥).\n(^١) البخاري (٧٤٩٢)، ومسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٤).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"أبى\".\n(^٣) في م: \"وأمر الناس\".","vol":"8","page":521},{"text":"وتَكْفُرْنَ العَشيرَ، وما رأَيتُ مِن ناقِصاتِ عَقلٍ ودينٍ أذهَبَ بلُبِّ الرَّجُلِ الحازِمِ مِن إحداكُنَّ يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ\". فقُلنَ له: ما نُقصانُ دينِنا وعَقلِنا يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"ألَيسَ شَهادَةُ المَرأَةِ مِثلَ نِصفِ شَهادَةِ الرَّجُلِ؟ \". قُلنَ: بَلَى. قال: \"فذَلِكِ (^١) مِن نُقصانِ عَقلِها. أوَلَيسَ إذا حاضَتِ المَرأَةُ لَم تُصَلِّ ولَم تَصُمْ؟ فذَلِكِ مِن نُقصانِ دينِها\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الحُلْوانِيِّ والصَّغانِيِّ عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1825>بابُ الحائضِ تَقضِي الصَّومَ إذا طَهَرَت ولا تَقضِي الصَّلاةَ</span>\n\n٨١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى الصَّيدَلانِيَّ، وجَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِي الحافظَ، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّةِ أنَّ امرأَةً سأَلَت عائشةَ: ما بالُ الحائضِ تَقضِي الصَّومَ ولا تَقضِي الصَّلاةَ؟ فقالَت لَها: أحَرُورِيَّةٌ أنتِ؟ فقالَت: لَستُ بحَرُورِيَّةٍ ولَكِنِّي أسأَلُ.\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن حجر: بكسر الكاف خطابا للواحدة التي تولت الخطاب، ويجوز فتحها على أنه للخطاب العام. فتح الباري ١/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (١٤٣٠، ٢٠٤٥، ٢٤٦٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٧٤٤) من طريق محمد بن يحيى به. وتقدم في (١٤٨٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٤، ١٤٦٢، ١٩٥١)، ومسلم (٨٠).","vol":"8","page":522},{"text":"فقالَت: كان يُصيبُنا ذَلِكَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فَنُؤمَرُ بقَضاءِ الصَّومِ ولا نُؤمَرُ بقَضاءِ الصَّلاةِ.\nقال مَعمَرٌ: وأخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ مِثلَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1826>بابُ استِحبابِ السَّحورِ</span>\n\n٨١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَسَحَّروا فإِنَّ في السَّحورِ بَرَكَةً\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى قال: عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٩٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٣٥/ ٦٧، ٦٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٨٢) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٣٧) من طريق شعبة به. ومسلم (١٠٩٥)، وابن ماجه (١٦٩٢) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وفى جميع هذه المصادر سوى الصغرى: عن أنس.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٢٣).","vol":"8","page":523},{"text":"٨١٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ شاذانَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَسَحَّروا فإِنَّ في السَّحورِ بَرَكَةً\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ موسَى بنُ عُليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي قَيسٍ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ فَصْلَ بَينَ صيامِنا وصيامِ أهلِ الكِتابِ أَكْلَةُ السَّحَرِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n٨١٩٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٠٨)، والنسائي (٢١٤٥) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٣٣٩٠) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٩٥).\n(^٣) ابن وهب في موطئه (٢٩٥)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٩٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٠١)، وأبو داود (٢٣٤٣)، والترمذي (٧٠٩)، والنسائي (٢١٦٥) من طريق موسى بن على به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٩٦/. . .)","vol":"8","page":524},{"text":"حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَرْبِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ على بابِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن مُعاويَةَ يَعنِي ابنَ صالِحٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ سَيفٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي رُهْمٍ، عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدعو في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ إلَى السَّحورِ قال: \"هَلُمّوا إلَى الغَداءِ المُبارَكِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1827>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ السَّحورِ</span>\n\n٨١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الوَزيرِ، هو أبو المُطَرِّفِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى المَدَنِيُّ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"نِعمَ سَحورُ المُؤمِنِ التَّمرُ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1828>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَعجيلِ الفِطرِ وتأخيرِ السَّحورِ</span>\n\n٨١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٧١٥٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٤٦٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وأبو داود (٢٣٤٤) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٥٤).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٤٧٥) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به. وأبو داود (٢٣٤٥) من طريق ابن أبي الوزير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٥٥).","vol":"8","page":525},{"text":"حازِمِ ابنِ دينارٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَزالُ النّاسُ بخَيرٍ ما عَجَّلوا الفِطرَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوَرَواه سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وزادَ فيه: \"ولَم يُؤَخِّروا تأخيرَ أهلِ المَشرِقِ\" (^٣).\n\n٨١٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا المحارِبِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٠٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ٩٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٨٥٩)، والترمذي (٦٩٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥٠٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٩) من طريق ابن أبي حازم به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٩) من طريق أبي حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٥٧)، ومسلم (١٠٩٨/ ٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٣٥٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٣٠)، والفريابي في الصيام (٥٧)، والمصنف في الشعب (٣٦٣١)، والمعرفة (٨٧٥٠) عن سعيد.","vol":"8","page":526},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَزالُ الدّينُ ظاهِرًا ما عَجَّلَ النّاسُ الفِطرَ؛ إنَّ اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى يُؤَخِّرونَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي قُرَّةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الله ﷿ قال: إنَّ أحَبَّ عِبادِي إلَيَّ أعجَلُهُم فِطرًا\" (^٢).\n\n٨٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى هارون بنُ موسَى الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا ومَسروقٌ على عائشةَ فقُلنا لَها: يا أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ، رَجُلانِ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - أحَدُهُما يُعَجِّلُ الصَّلاةَ ويُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ، والآخَرُ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلاةَ ويُؤَخِّرُ الإِفطارَ. قالَت: أيُّهُما الَّذِي يُعَجِّلُ الصَّلاةَ ويُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ؟ قال (^٣): عبدُ اللهِ. قالَت: هَكَذا كان يَصنَعُ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. والآخَرُ أبو موسَى (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩١٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٠)، وابن حبان (٣٥٠٣) عن الأحمسى به. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١٣) من طريق يزيد به. وأبو داود (٢٣٥٣) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٠١) من طريق أبي المغيرة به. وأحمد (٧٢٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٢)، وابن حبان (٣٥٠٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) في م: \"قلنا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢١٢)، وأبو داود (٢٣٥٤)، والترمذي (٧٠٢)، والنسائي (٢١٦٠) من طريق =","vol":"8","page":527},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ عن الأعمَشِ، وأَخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٠٢ - وخالَفَهُما شُعبَةُ فرَواه كما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ خَيثَمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ الوادِعِيِّ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا ومَسروقٌ على عائشةَ - أو قال: دَخَلنا على عائشةَ - فقُلنا: يا أمَّ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّ فينا رَجُلَينِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أمّا أحَدُهُما فيُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ ويُؤَخِّرُ السُّحورَ، وأَمّا الآخَرُ فيُؤَخِّرُ الإِفطارُ ويُعَجِّلُ السُّحورَ. فقالَت: مَن هَذا الَّذِي يُعَجِّلُ الإِفطارَ ويُؤَخِّرُ السُّحورَ؟ قُلنا: ابنُ مَسعودٍ. قالَت: كَذَاكَ كان يَفعَلُ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). وهَكَذا رَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحميدِ عن الأعمَشِ عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n= أبي معاوية به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٩٩/ ٤٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٩٩/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢١٣)، والنسائي (٢١٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الفريابي في الصيام (٦١) عن جرير به.","vol":"8","page":528},{"text":"الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَدينِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عاصمِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، قال عُمَرُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أقبَلَ اللَّيلُ وأَدبَرَ النَّهارُ وغَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ فقَد أفطَرَ الصّائمُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: تَسَحَّرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قامَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ. قُلتُ: كَم كان بَينَ الأذانِ وبَينَ السُّحورِ؟ قال: قَدرُ خَمسينَ آيَةً (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ\n_________\n(^١) الفريابي في الصيام (٤٤). وتقدم في (٨٠٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٥٤)، ومسلم (١١٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٨٥)، والترمذي (٧٠٣)، والنسائي (٢١٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٦٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٤١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٢١)، ومسلم (١٠٩٧/ ٤٧).","vol":"8","page":529},{"text":"قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّا مَعاشِرَ الأنبياءِ أُمِرْنا أنْ نُعَجِّلَ إفطارَنا ونُؤَخِّرَ سُحورَنا، ونَضَعَ أيمانَنا على شَمائلِنا في الصَّلاةِ\" (^١).\nهَذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بطَلْحَةَ بنِ عمرٍو المَكِّيِّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه؛ فقيلَ عنه هَكَذا، وقيلَ عنه عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٣)، ورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٤)، ومِن وجهٍ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\nوروِيَ عن عائشةَ مِن قَولِها: ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ النُّبوَّةِ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ. وهو أصَحُّ ما ورَدَ فيه. قَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٦).\n\n٨٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٣٩)، والطيالسي (٢٧٧٦). وأخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٤ من طريق طلحة به. وابن حبان (١٧٧٠) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٢٣٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٢٣) من طريق طلحة بن عمرو به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٨٤ من طريق ابن أبي ليلى عن عطاء عن أبي هريرة به. وعبد الرزاق (٣٢٤٦)، ومن طريقه الطبراني في الدعاء (٦٤١) من طريق أبي حازم عن أبي هريرة بلفظ: \"إن جزءًا من سبعين جزءًا من النبوة تأخير السحور وتبكير الإفطار. . .\".\n(^٥) تقدم (٢٣٦٢).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٢٣٦٣).","vol":"8","page":530},{"text":"أنَّ عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ كانا يُصَلِّيانِ المَغرِبَ حينَ يَنظُرانِ إلَى اللَّيلِ الأسوَدِ، ثُمَّ يُفطِرانِ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ وذَلِكَ في رَمَضانَ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ في \"المبسوط\": كأَنَّهُما يَرَيانِ تأخيرَ ذَلِكَ واسِعًا، لا أنَّهُما يَعمَدانِ الفَضلَ لِتَركِه بَعدَ أن أُبيحَ لَهُما وصارا مُفطِرَينِ بغَيرِ أكلٍ وشُربٍ؛ لأنَّ الصَّومَ لا يَصلُحُ في اللَّيلِ.\n\n٨٢٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: كان أصحابُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - أعجَلَ النّاسِ إفطارًا وأَبطأهُم سُحورًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1829>بابُ ما يُفطَرُ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٨٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ يَعنِي ابنَ زيادٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن الرَّبابِ، عن عَمِّها سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم صائمًا فليُفطِرْ على التَّمرِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدِ التَّمرَ فعَلَى الماءِ؛ فإِنَّ الماءَ طَهورٌ\" (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٠٦) عن أبي بكر به. والشافعي ٢/ ٩٧، ومالك ١/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفريابي في الصيام (٥٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٢٦)، والترمذي (٦٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١٩)، وابن ماجه (١٦٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٧) من طريق عاصم به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٣٥٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٠٩).","vol":"8","page":531},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ (^١) عَونٍ وهِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن حَفصَةَ (^٢)، ورَواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ عن حَفصَةَ فلَم يَرفَعْه (^٣).\n\n٨٢٠٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَفصَةَ بنتَ سيرينَ تُحَدِّثُ، عن الرَّبابِ، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا صامَ أحَدُكُم فليُفطِرْ على التَّمرِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فعَلَى الماءِ؛ فإِنَّه طَهورٌ\". هَكَذا وجَدتُه في \"المسند\" قَد أقامَ إسنادَه أبو داودَ (^٤). وقَد رَواه مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ عن أبي داودَ دونَ ذِكرِ الرَّبابِ (^٥). وروِيَ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ عن شُعبَةَ مَوصولًا (^٦)، ورَواه سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ عن شُعبَةَ [فغَلِطَ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n٨٢١٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ] (^٧)، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) ذكره الترمذي عقب (٦٥٨) عن ابن عون به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٢١) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٢٤) من طريق هام الدستوائي به.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٢٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١٥) من طريق شعبة.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٣٧١) من طريق روح عن شعبة عن عاصم وخالد الحذاء به.\n(^٧) ليس في: ص ٤.","vol":"8","page":532},{"text":"\"مَن وجَدَ تَمرًا فليُفطِرْ عَلَيه، ومَن لا فليُفطِرْ على الماءِ؛ فإِنَّه طَهورٌ\" (^١).\nقالَ البخاريُّ فيما رَوَى عنه أبو عيسَى: حَديثُ سعيدِ بنِ عامِرٍ وهْمٌ يَهِمُ فيه سعيدٌ، والصَّحيحُ حَديثُ عاصِمٍ عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِيَ عن أنَسِ بن مالكٍ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ.\n\n٨٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرَانِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإِسماعيلِيُّ بجُرْجانَ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُفطِرُ قَبلَ أن يُصَلِّيَ على رُطَباتٍ، فإِن لَم تَكنْ فتَمَراتٍ، فإِن لَم تَكنْ حَسا حَسَواتٍ مِن ماءٍ (^٣). ورَواه أبو داودَ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٢١٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الرَّمْلِيُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَكُنْ يُصلِّي المَغرِبَ حَتَّى يُفطِرَ ولَو على شَربَةٍ مِن ماءٍ. تابَعَه القاسِمُ بنُ غُصنٍ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣١. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٦)، والترمذي (٦٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣١٧) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.\n(^٢) علل الترمذي (١٩٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٩٢)، وأحمد (١٢٦٧٦). وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٩٦) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٣٥٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٦٥): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٣) من طريق القاسم بن غصن به.","vol":"8","page":533},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1830>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا أفطَرَ</span>\n\n٨٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الخَطيبُ بمَروَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ سالِمٍ المُقَفَّعُ قال: رأَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أفطَرَ قال: \"ذَهَبَ الظَّمأُ، وابتَلَّتِ العُروقُ، وثَبَتَ الأجرُ إن شاءَ اللهُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِهما سَواءٌ (^١).\n\n٨٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ زُهْرَةَ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أفْطَرَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ، وعَلَى رِزقِكَ أفطَرْتُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1831>بابُ ما يَدعو به الصّائمُ لمن أفطَرَ عِندَهُ</span>\n\n٨٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ،\n_________\n(^١) الدعوات الكبير (٤٤٨). عن الحاكم وأبى بكر القاضي عن أبي العباس به. والحاكم ١/ ٤٢٢ بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٢٩) من طريق على بن الحسن بن شقيق به.\n(^٢) الدعوات الكبير (٤٤٩). وأبو داود (٢٣٥٨)، وفي المراسيل (٩٩). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦١٦: هو مرسل في \"السنن\".","vol":"8","page":534},{"text":"أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أفْطَرَ عِندَ قَومٍ قال لَهُم \"أفْطَرَ عِندَكُمُ الصّائمونَ، وأَكَلَ طَعامَكُمُ الأَبْرارُ، وتنَزَّلَت عَلَيكم الملائكةُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَزيدَ. وَهَذا مُرسَلٌ، لَم يَسمَعْه يَحيَى عن أنَسٍ، إنَّما سَمِعَه عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ يُقالُ له: عمرُو بنُ زُنَيبٍ. ويُقالُ: ابنُ زُبَيبٍ. عن أنَسٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أو غَيرِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استأذَنَ على سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: ثُمَّ دَخَلوا البَيتَ فقَرَّبَ له زَبيبًا فأَكَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: \"أكَلَ طَعامَكُمُ الأبرارُ، وصَلَّتْ عَلَيكُمُ المَلائكَةُ، وأَفطَرَ عِندَكُمُ الصّائمونَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٨٦) عن يزيد به. وأحمد (١٢١٧٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٩٠١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٣٠) من طريق يحيى فقال: \"حُدِّثت عن أنس\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٣٥٧). وعبد الرزاق (٧٩٠٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٤٠٦)، وأبو داود (٣٨٥٤). وليس عند عبد الرزاق وأبي داود: \"أو غيره\".","vol":"8","page":535},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1832>بابُ مَن فطَّرَ صائمًا</span>\n\n٨٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ، عن زائدَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فطَّرَ صائمًا كان له مِثلُ [أجرِ مَن عَمِلَه] (^١) مِن غَيرِ أن يَنتَقِصَ مِن أجرِ الصّائمِ شَيئًا، ومَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا أو خَلَفَه في أهلِهِ كان له مِثلُ أجرِه، مِن غَيرِ أن يَنتَقِصَ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا\" (^٢).\n\n٨٢١٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِرْيابِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مَعقِلِ بنِ [عُبَيدِ اللهِ] (^٣)، عن عَطاءٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فطَّرَ صائمًا كان له مِثلُ أجرِه، لا يَنتَقِصُ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا، ومَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ كان له مِثلُ أجرِه، لا يَنتَقِصُ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا\" (^٤).\n\n٨٢١٩ - وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"أجره\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٣٣)، والترمذي (٨٠٧، ١٦٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٣١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤٦، ٢٧٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٤) من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٢٧٥) من طريق النفيلي به.","vol":"8","page":536},{"text":"زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا، أو خَلَفَه في أهلِه، أو فطَّرَ صائمًا، فلَه مِثلُ أجرِه مِن غَيرِ أن يَنتَقِصَ مِن أجرِه شَيئًا\" (^١). هَذا هو المحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ.\nورَواه مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن الثَّورِيِّ فخالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n٨٢٢٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سُفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن فطَّرَ صائمًا، أو جَهَّزَ غازيًا، فلَه مِثلُ أجرِه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1833>بابُ جَوازِ الفِطرِ في السَّفَرِ القاصِدِ دونَ القَصيرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤].\n\n٨٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرِينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٦٤) من طريق الثوري به. والترمذي (١٦٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤٦) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن. وعنده مقتصرًا على ذكر الغازي، وعند ابن ماجه مقتصرًا على ذكر الصائم.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩٥٣).","vol":"8","page":537},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ في رَمَضانَ، فصامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الكَديدَ (^١)، ثُمَّ أفطَرَ وأَفطَرَ النّاسُ مَعَه، وكانوا يأخُذونَ بالأحدَثِ فالأحدَثِ مِن أمرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ في رَمَضانَ مِنَ المَدينَةِ ومَعَه عَشَرَةُ آلافٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وذَلِكَ على رأسِ ثَمانِ سِنينَ ونِصفٍ مِن مَقدَمِه المَدينَةَ فسارَ بمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ إلَى مَكَّةَ يَصومُ ويَصومونَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الكَدِيدَ، وهو بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) الكديد: يعرف اليوم باسم الحمض، أرض بين عسفان وخليص على ٩٠ كيلًا من مكة على الجادة العظمى إلى المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٦٣، وينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥١٠)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعي ص ٨٢، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٤. وسيأتي من طريق سفيان عن الزهري في (٨٢٥٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٤٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٥٣)، ومسلم (١١١٣/. . .).","vol":"8","page":538},{"text":"عُسفانَ وقُدَيدٍ (^١)، فأَفطَرَ وأَفطَرَ المُسلِمونَ مَعَه، فلَم يَصوموا بَقيَّةَ رَمَضانَ شَيئًا. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: وكانَ الفِطرُ آخِرَ الأمرَينِ؛ وإِنَّما يُؤخَذُ مِن أمرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الآخِرُ فالآخِرُ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: فصَبَّحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ لِثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٤) المَدَنِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ حَمزَةَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ حَمزَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الأسلَمِيَّ يَذكُرُ، أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه، عن جَدِّه حَمزَةَ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي صاحِبُ ظَهرٍ أُعالِجُه، أُسافِرُ عَلَيه وأَكريه، وإنَّه رُبَّما صادَفَنِي هَذا الشَّهرُ - يَعنِي شَهرَ رَمَضانَ - وأَنا أجِدُ القوَّةَ وأَنا شابٌّ، وأَجِدُنِي أن أصومَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أهْوَنُ عليَّ مِنْ أنْ أُؤَخِّرَه فيَكونَ دَينًا، أفأَصومُ يا رسولَ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) قديد: واد كبير من أودية الحجاز التهامية، يأخذ أعلى مساقط مياهه من حرة \"ذَرَة\" فيسمى أعلاه ستارة وأسفله قديدا، يقطع الطريق من مكة إلى المدينة على نحو من ١٢٥ كيلا ثم يصب في البحر عند القضيمة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٤٩. وينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٨٩)، وعبد بن حميد (٦٤٤ - منتخب) من طريق عبد الرزاق به، وليس عند أحمد قول الزهري.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٧٦)، ومسلم (١١١٣/. . .).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عبد المجيد\". وينظر التعليق الآتي عقب تخريج الحديث.","vol":"8","page":539},{"text":"أعظَمُ لأجرِى أو (^١) أُفطِرُ؟ قال: \"أيَّ ذَلِكَ شِئتَ يا حَمزَةُ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الرّوذبارِيِّ: \"أيَّ ذَلِكَ شِئتَ يا حَمْزُ (^٣) \". وفِي هَذا دَلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الفِطرِ في السَّفَرِ المُباحِ.\n\n٨٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عِمرانَ موسَى بنُ سَهلٍ الجَونِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ زُغْبَةَ يَعنِي عيسَى بنَ حَمّادِ بنِ زُغْبَةَ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (^٤)، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الخَيرِ، عن مَنصورٍ الكَلبِيِّ، أنَّ دِحيَةَ بنَ خَليفَةَ خَرَجَ مِن قَريَتِه (^٥) بدِمَشقَ إلَى قَدرِ قَريَةِ عُقبَةَ (^٦) مِنَ الفُسطاطِ، وذَلِكَ ثَلاثَةُ أميالٍ في رَمَضانَ، ثُمَّ إنَّه أفطَرَ وأَفطَرَ مَعَه أُناسٌ، فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ آخَرونَ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ إلَى قَريَتِه قال: واللهِ لَقَد رأَيتُ أمرًا ما كُنتُ أظُنُّ أنِّي أراه؛ إنَّ قَومًا رَغِبوا عن هَدْيِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابِه. يقولُ ذَلِكَ لِلَّذينَ صاموا، ثُمَّ قال عِندَ ذَلِكَ: اللَّهُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: أم\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤٠٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣٣. وفيهما: \"محمد بن عبد المجيد\" بدلًا من: \"محمد بن عبد الحميد\". وقال المزي: هكذا وقع في عامة الأصول من كتاب أبي داود، وهكذا ذكره عبد الرحمن ابن أبي حاتم عن أبيه فيمن اسمه محمد واسم أبيه عبد المجيد. وقال صاحب الأطراف: الصواب محمد بن عبد الحميد بن سفيان بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف. تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ١٦. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٥. قلت: وذكره قبله البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٦٩. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤، م: \"حمزة\". وهى كذلك عند أبي داود، ومثله في رواية الحاكم، والمثبت من الأصل؛ ليوافق كلام المصنف.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أبو ليث\".\n(^٥) في م: \"قرية\".\n(^٦) هي مُنْية عقبة بالجيزة من مصر، عرفت باسم عقبة بن عامر ﵁. ينظر خطط المقريزي ١/ ٣٩٠.","vol":"8","page":540},{"text":"اقبِضْنِي إلَيكَ (^١). قال اللَّيثُ: الأمرُ الَّذِي اجتَمَعَ النّاسُ عَلَيه ألا يَقصُروا الصَّلاةَ ولا يُفطِروا إلَّا في مَسيرَةِ أربَعَةِ بُرُدٍ، في كُلِّ بَريدٍ اثنَا عَشَرَ ميلًا.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد روّينا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ ما دَلَّ على هَذا عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ (^٢) وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣)، والَّذِي رُوّينا عن دِحيَةَ الكَلبِيِّ، إن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ، فكأَنَّه ذَهَبَ فيه إلَى ظاهِرِ الآيَةِ في الرُّخصَةِ في السَّفَرِ، وأَرادَ بقَولِه: رَغِبوا عن هَديِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابِه. أي: في قَبولِ الرُّخصَةِ لا في تَقديرِ السَّفَرِ الَّذِي أفطَرَ فيه (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَخرُجُ إلَى الغابَةِ فلا يُفطِرُ ولا يَقصُرُ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1834>بابُ تأكيدِ الفِطرِ في السَّفَرِ إذا كان يُريدُ لِقاءَ العَدوِّ</span>\n\n٨٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو مُحَمَّدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤١٣) عن عيسى بن حماد به. وأحمد (٢٧٢٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٤١) من طريق الليث به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٢٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٤٦١، ٥٤٦٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٤٥٨، ٥٤٥٩، ٥٤٦٣).\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦١٨: بل رغبوا عن هذا مع هذا.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٤١٤).","vol":"8","page":541},{"text":"جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ في رَمَضانَ، فصامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُراعَ الغَميمِ (^١)، وصامَ النّاسُ مَعَه، فقيلَ له: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ النّاسَ قَد شَقَّ عَلَيهِم الصّيامُ. فدَعا بقَدَحٍ مِن ماءٍ بَعدَ العَصرِ فشَرِبَ والنّاسُ يَنظُرونَ، فأَفطَرَ بَعضُ النّاسِ وصامَ بَعضٌ، فبَلَغَه أنَّ أُناسًا (^٢) صاموا فقالَ: \"أولَئكَ العُصاةُ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٢٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وزادَ في الحديث: وإِنَّما يَنظُرونَ فيما فعَلتَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٨٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ قال: قَرأناه على أبي اليَمانِ، فأَنبأنِي أنَّه سَمِعَه مِن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ التَّنُوخِيِّ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) كراع الغيم: تعرف الوم ببرقاء الغميم، وتقع جنوب عسفان بستة عشر كيلا على الجادة إلى مكة - أي على (٦٤) كيلا من مكة - على طريق المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٦٤. وينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"ناسا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥١٥)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعي ص ٨٣، وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠١٩) من طريق جعفر بن إياس به. وسيأتي في (٨٢٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٧١٠) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١١٤/ ٩١).","vol":"8","page":542},{"text":"بالرَّحيلِ عامَ الفَتحِ في لَيلَتَينِ خَلَتا مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فخَرَجنا صُوّامًا حَتَّى بَلَغنا الكَديدَ، فأَمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالفِطرِ، فأَصبَحَ النّاسُ شَرْجَينِ مِنهُمُ الصّائمُ والمُفطِرُ، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغْنا المَنزِلَ الَّذِي نَلقَى العَدوَّ فيه، أمَرَنا بالفِطرِ، فأَفطَرْنا أجمَعينَ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ يوسُفَ: حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ الظَّهرانَ (^٢) آذَنَنا بلِقاءِ العَدوِّ، فأَمَرَنا بالفِطرِ فأَفطَرْنا أجمَعينَ.\n\n٨٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ (^٣) العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ صالِحٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي قَزَعَةُ قال: أتَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ وهو مَكثورٌ عَلَيه، فلَمَّا تَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ عنه قُلتُ: إنِّي لا أسأَلُكَ عَمّا سأَلَكَ هَؤُلاءِ؛ أسأَلُكَ عن الصَّومِ في السَّفَرِ؟ فقالَ: سافَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مَكَّةَ ونحن صيامٌ فنَزَلْنا مَنزِلًا فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُم قَد دَنَوتُم مِن عَدوِّكُم، والفِطرُ أقوَى لَكُم\". فكانَت رُخصةً؛ مِنّا مَن صامَ ومِنّا مَن أفطَرَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلْنا مَنزِلًا آخَرَ فقالَ: \"إنَّكُم مُصَبِّحو (^٤) عَدوِّكُم، والفِطرُ أقوَى لَكُم، فأَفطِروا\". فكانَت عَزمَةً، فأَفطَرنا. ثُمَّ قال: لَقَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤ عن أبي الحسن. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٨٢٦) عن أبي اليمان به، وأحمد (١١٢٤٢)، والترمذي (١٦٨٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٨) من طريق سعيد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) هو مَرُّ الظهران: واد كبير من أودية الحجاز يمر شمال مكة على (٢٢) كيلا، ويصب في البحر جنوب جدة بقرابة (٢٠) كيلا. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٨٨. وجاء في الأصل حاشية في التعليق على الظهران وأنه هو: مر الظهران.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"هشام\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤: \"مصبح\".","vol":"8","page":543},{"text":"رأَيتُنا نَصومُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ذَلِكَ في السَّفَرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ الحيرِيُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبي بكرٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -. أمَرَ النّاسَ في سَفَرِه عامَ الفَتحِ بالفِطرِ وقالَ: \"تَقوَّوا لِعَدوِّكُم\". وصامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. قال أبو بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: قال الَّذِي حَدَّثَنِي: لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالعَرجِ (^٣) يَصُبُّ فوقَ رأسِه الماءَ مِنَ العَطَشِ أو مِنَ الحَرِّ، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ طائفَةً مِنَ النّاسِ صاموا حينَ صُمتَ. فلَمّا كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالكَديدِ دَعا بقَدَحٍ فشَرِبَ فأَفطَرَ النّاسُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1835>بابُ تأكيدِ الفِطرِ في السَّفَرِ إذا كان يُجهِدُه الصَّومُ</span>\n\n٨٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٢٣) عن عبد الله بن هاشم به. وأحمد (١١٣٠٧) عن عبد الرحمن به. وأبو داود (٢٤٠٦) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٠).\n(^٣) العرج: من أودية الحجاز التهامية، كان يطؤه طريق الحجاج من مكة إلى المدينة، جنوب المدينة على (١١٣) كيلا. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٠٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥١٤)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٨٣، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٤.","vol":"8","page":544},{"text":"الدَّرداءِ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عاصِمٍ الأشعَرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ مِنَ امْ بِرِّ صِيامٌ في السَّفَرِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٢٣٢ - قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: وسَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّزّاقِ مَرَّةً يقولُ: أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عاصِمٍ الأشعَرِيِّ وكانَ مِن أصحابِ السَّفينَةِ - قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: قَومٌ قَدِموا على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن وفدِ اليَمَنِ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصّيامُ في السَّفَرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٢٣٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عاصِمٍ الأشعَرِيِّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصّيامُ في السَّفَرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٧٩) عن عبد الرزاق بلفظ: \"ليس من ام بر ام صيام في ام سفر\". وقال ابن حجر: هذه لغة لبعض أهل اليمن، يجعلون لام التعريف ميما. ويحتمل أن يكون الأشعري نطق بها على ما ألف من لغته، فحملها عنه الراوي عنه، وأداها باللفظ الذي سمعها به. وهذا الثاني أوجه عندي. التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٢٠٥. وينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٢، ٣٠٣.\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (٤٤٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٨٠) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠١٦) عن الزعفراني به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٨١)، والنسائي (٢٢٥٤)، وابن ماجه (١٦٦٤) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٥١).","vol":"8","page":545},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِي ابنَ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ الأنصاريِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الحَسَنِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان في سَفَرٍ، فرأَى رَجُلًا يُظَلَّلُ عَلَيه فسَأَل (^١) فقالوا: هو صائمٌ. فقالَ: \"لَيسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصَّومُ في السَّفَرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ يُحَدِّثُ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان في سَفَرٍ فرأَى زِحامًا ورأَى رَجُلًا قَد ظُلِّلَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". فقالوا: هَذا صائمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصَّومُ في السَّفَرِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِيِّ عن أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عاصِمٌ. قال أبو يَعلَى: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن موَرِّقٍ العِجلِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، أكثَرُنا ظِلًّا يَومَئذٍ الَّذِي يَستَظِلُّ بكِساءٍ؛ فأَمّا الَّذينَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عنه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٦٩). والطيالسي (١٨٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩٣)، وأبو داود (٢٤٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٢٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠١٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٨٩ عن آدم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٤٦)، ومسلم (١١١٥/. . .).","vol":"8","page":546},{"text":"أفطَروا فسَقَوُا الرِّكابَ وامتَهَنوا وعالَجوا (^١)، وأَمّا الَّذينَ صاموا فلَم يُعالِجوا شَيئًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَهَبَ المُفطِرونَ بالأجرِ\". هَذا حَديثُ إسماعيلَ، وقالَ أبو مُعاويَةَ في حَديثِه: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ مِنّا الصّائمُ ومِنّا المُفطِرُ، فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا في يَومٍ حارٍّ، أكثَرُنا ظِلًّا صاحِبُ الكِساءِ، فمِنّا مَن يَتَّقِى الشَّمسَ بيَدِه. قال: فسَقَطَ الصُّوّامُ وقامَ المُفطِرونَ، فضَرَبوا الأبْنِيَةَ، وسَقَوُا الرِّكابَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَهَبَ المُفطِرونَ اليَومَ بالأجرِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ زَكَريّا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1836>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الصَّومِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n٨٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ حَمزَةَ بنَ عمرٍو الأسلَمِيِّ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أصومُ في السَّفَرِ؟ وكانَ كَثيرَ الصّيامِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن شئتَ فصُمْ، وإِن شئتَ فأَفطِرْ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) امتهنوا وعالجوا: أي خدموا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٩.\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٤٢٠٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٤٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٢٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٣) من طريق أبى معاوية.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٩٠)، ومسلم (١١١٩/ ١٠٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٢١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٠٢، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٥، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٣٠٦).","vol":"8","page":547},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^١). وأخرجه مسلمٌ من وجهٍ آخرَ عن هشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ حَمزَةَ بنَ عمرٍو الأسلَمِيَّ سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي رَجُلٌ أسرُدُ الصَّومَ، أفأَصومُ في السَّفَرِ؟ قال: \"صُمْ إن شِئتَ، وأَفطِرْ إن شِئتَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ (^٥) وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبي مُراوِحٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الأسلَمِيِّ أنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: إنِّي أجِدُ بى قوَّةً على الصِّيامِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢١/ ١٠٣). وعلَّم على هذه الجملة في الأصل، وكتب في الحاشية: \"المعلم عليه مضروب عليه في أصل المصنف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٠٢)، والنسائي (٢٣٨٣) من طريق حماد به، وأحمد (٢٥٦٠٧)، والبخاري (١٩٤٢)، والترمذي (٧١١)، وابن ماجه (١٦٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٢٨) من طرق عن هشام به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢١: فيه أنه أذن له في سرد الصوم.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٢١/ ١٠٤).\n(^٥) في ص ٤: \"القاضي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٤٠٨).","vol":"8","page":548},{"text":"في السَّفَرِ، فهَل عليَّ جُناحٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هِىَ رُخصَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﵎، فمَن أخَذَ بها فحَسَنٌ، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يَصومَ فلا جُناحَ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n٨٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أَبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عنْ مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سافَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ فصامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ عُسفانَ، ثُمَّ دَعا بإِناءٍ مِن ماءٍ فشَرِبَ نَهارًا ليَراه النّاسُ، فأَفطَرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ. قال: فكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يقولُ: صامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السَّفَرِ وأَفطَرَ، فمَن شَاءَ صامَ، ومَن شاءَ أفطَرَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، كِلاهُما عن جَريرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٣٠٢) عن الربيع به. وابن خزيمة (٢٠٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣٥٦٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) موطأ ابن وهب (٢٧٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٢١/ ١٠٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٦) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٣٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٠٤)، والنسائي (٢٣١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٦٦) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٢٧٩)، ومسلم (١١١٣/. . .).","vol":"8","page":549},{"text":"٨٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سافَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ، فلَم يَعِبِ الصَّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصَّائمِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى الحُسَينِ: فمِنَّا الصّائمُ ومِنَّا المُفطِرُ، فلَم يَعِبِ الصَّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصّائمِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِيُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ قال: سُئلَ أنَسٌ عن صَومِ رَمَضانَ في السَّفَرِ فقالَ: سافَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ فلَم يَعِبْ صائمٌ على مُفطِرٍ، ولا مُفطِرٌ على صائمٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٨٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٠٥)، وابن حبان (٣٥٦١) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١١٨/ ٩٨).","vol":"8","page":550},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: خَرَجتُ فصُمتُ، فقالوا لي: أعِدْ. فقُلتُ: إنَّ أنَسًا أخبرَنِى أنَّ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كانوا يُسافِرونَ فلا يَعيبُ الصَّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصّائمِ. فلَقِيتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ فأَخبَرَنِى عن عائشةَ مِثلَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٤٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّهُم كانوا مَعَه في سَفَرٍ، يَصومُ الصّائمُ ويُفطِرُ المُفطِرُ، لا يَعيبُ الصَّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصَّائمِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو الأشعَثِىِّ وغَيرِه عن مَروانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي زيادٌ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١١٨/ ٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣١١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٢٩) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١١٧).","vol":"8","page":551},{"text":"النُّمَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: وافَقَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَمَضانُ في سَفَرٍ فصامَه، ووافَقَه رَمَضانُ في سَفَرٍ فأَفطَرَه (^١).\n\n٨٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي الفَيضِ قال: كُنتُ في غَزوَةٍ بالشّامِ فخَطَبَ مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ فقالَ: مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ في السَّفَرِ فليَقضِه. فسأَلتُ أبا قِرصافَةَ، رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: لَو صُمتُ، ثُمَّ صُمتُ - حَتَّى عَدَّ عَشرًا - لَم أقضِه (^٢).\nوروِىَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّه قال: الصَّائمُ في السَّفَرِ كالمُفطِرِ في الحَضرِ (^٣). وهو مَوقوفٌ، وفِي إسنادِه انقِطاعٌ، وروِىَ مَرفوعًا وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1837>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ الصَّومَ في السَّفَرِ إذا قَوِىَ على الصيامِ ولَم تَكُنْ به رَغبَةٌ عن قَبولِ الرُّخصَةِ</span>\n\n٨٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٤٤ - مسند ابن عباس) عن العباس بن الوليد به، بزيادة عمرو بن سعد بين الأوزاعي وزياد. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٢: زياد مشّاه ابن حبان وضعفه أبو داود.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٨٢)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٢٢٤ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٨٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٦٦).","vol":"8","page":552},{"text":"يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرَّاءُ والسَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، قال محمدٌ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ السَّرِىُّ: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَيّانَ الدِّمَشقِيِّ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ قالَت: قال أبو الدَّرداءِ: لَقَد رأَيتُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه في يَومٍ حارٍّ شَديدِ الحَرِّ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَضَعُ يَدَه على رأسِه مِن شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ، وما مِنّا أحَدٌ صائم إلَّا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ المُعاذِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كُنّا نَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ فمِنّا الصّائمُ ومِنّا المُفطِرُ، فلا يَجِدُ الصّائمُ على المُفطِرِ، ولا المُفطِرُ على الصّائمِ، يَرَونَ أنَّ مَن وجَدَ قوَّةً فصامَ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ، ويَرَونَ أنَّ مَن وجَدَ ضَعفًا فأَفطَرَ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٦٦٣) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وأبو داود (٢٤٠٩) من طريق أم الدرداء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٢/ ١٠٩)، والبخاري (١٩٤٥).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"المعادى\". وفي م: \"المعاوى\"، والمثبت هو الصواب كما نص عليه في الأنساب ٥/ ٣٣٢، وكذا ترجم له الذهبي في تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٣٥١ هـ - ٣٨٠ هـ) ص ٧٨. وجاء فيهما أيضًا: محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن الحسين.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. والترمذي =","vol":"8","page":553},{"text":"النّاقِدِ عن إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n٨٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَبيبٍ العَوذِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن سِنانِ بنِ سَلَمةَ (^٢) بنِ المُحَبَّقِ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان في سَفَرٍ على حَمولَةٍ يأوِى إلَى شِبَعٍ، فليَصُمْ حَيثُ أدرَكَه رَمَضَانُ\" (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَبيبٍ (^٤) مُنكَرُ الحديثِ ذاهِبٌ (^٥). ولَم يَعُدَّ البخاريُّ هَذا الحديثَ شَيئًا.\n\n٨٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ علىٍّ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إن\n_________\n= (٧١٣)، والنسائي (٢٣٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٠) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^١) مسلم (١١١٦/ ٩٦).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"مسلمة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٧٢)، وأبو داود (٢٤١١) من طريق عبد الصمد بن عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (١٥٩١٢)، وأبو داود (٢٤١٠) من طريق عبد الصمد بن حبيب به. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"ورواه أبو داود في سننه من طريق عبد الصمد بن حبيب العوذي، وهو متروك الحديث\".\n(^٤) هو عبد الصمد بن حبيب بن عبد الله الأزدى العوذى. ينظر الكلام عليه في الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٥١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٩٤، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٣٢٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٠٧: ضعفه أحمد، وقال ابن معين: لا بأس به.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٠٦، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٨١. وفيهما: لين الحديث.","vol":"8","page":554},{"text":"أفطَرتَ فرُخصَةُ اللهِ، وإِن صُمتَ فهو أفضَلُ (^١).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ بإِسنادِه مَرفوعًا (^٢)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\n\n٨٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أَبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويه، حدثنا الكُدَيمِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي العاصِ قال: الصَّومُ في السَّفَرِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ (^٣).\nوروِىَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مَعناه، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَرَى الفِطرَ أحَبَّ إلَيهِ.\n\n٨٢٥٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: لأنْ أُفطِرَ في رَمَضانَ في السَّفَرِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أصومَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٦٧ من طريق الحسن بن صالح به. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٥٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٦٧، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ١٢٧ (١٨١ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الضياء في المختارة (٢٣٠٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٦٦) من طريق عاصم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٦٨)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ١٣٠ (١٩٠ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ١٣٩ (٢١٦ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن نمير به. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٦٧)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ١٣٩ (٢١٥ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به، وليس فيهما: \"في رمضان\".","vol":"8","page":555},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1838>بابُ المُسافِرِ يَصومُ بَعضَ الشَّهرِ ويُفطِرُ بَعضًا، ويُصبِحُ صائمًا في سَفَرِه ثُمَّ يُفطِرُ</span>\n\n٨٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فصامَ حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ الكَديدَ أفطَرَ؛ وإِنَّما يُؤخَذُ بالآخِرِ مِن فِعلِه - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانوا يَتَّبِعونَ الأحدَثَ فالأحدَثَ مِن أَمرِه، ويَرَونَه النَّاسِخَ المُحكَمَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٢)، ومسلم (١١١٣/. . .)، والنسائي (٢٣١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣٥) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٨٢٢١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٤٧ - منتخب) من طريق يونس به ولم يبين مِن قول مَن: وكانوا يتبعون. . .\n(^٤) مسلم (١١١٣/. . .).","vol":"8","page":556},{"text":"عامَ الفَتحِ في رَمَضانَ وصامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُراعَ الغَميمِ. يَعنِى: وصُمْنا مَعَه، فقيلَ: إنَّ النّاسَ قَد شَقَّ عليهم الصّيامُ، وإِنَّما يَنتَظِرونَ ما تَفعَلُ. فدَعا بقَدَحٍ مِن ماءٍ بَعدَ العَصرِ فشَرِبَ والنّاسُ يَنظُرونَ، فأَفطَرَ الناسُ وصامَ بعضٌ، فبَلَغَه أنَّ ناسًا صاموا قال: \"أولَئكَ العُصاةُ، أولَئكَ العُصاةُ\". مَرَّتَينَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ الهادِ ووُهَيبٌ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ وحُمَيدُ بنُ الأسوَدِ عن جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ ببغدادَ وأبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، قالا: حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ بطَعامٍ وهو بمَرِّ الظَّهرانِ، فقالَ لأبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ: \"كُلا\". فقالا: إنّا صائمانِ. فقالَ: \"ارحَلُوا لِصاحِبَيكُمُ، اعمَلُوا لِصاحِبَيكُمُ، ادنُوَا فكُلا\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٢٢٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١١٤/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٦٢) من طريق ابن الهاد به. والطيالسى (١٧٧٢) من طريق وهيب به. ومسلم (١١١٤/ ٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠١٩)، وعنه ابن حبان (٣٥٤٩) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: قوله: \"ارحلوا لصاحبيكم، اعملوا لصاحبيكم\" كلام مقصوده التنبيه على أن الصائم في السفر كالمكلف رفاقه أن يرحلوا له ويعملوا له، فكأنه يشير إلى أنكما قائلان بلسان الحال: ارحلوا لصاحبيكم، اعملوا لصاحبيكم. ولهذا أتبعه بقوله: \"ادنوا فكلا\" والله سبحانه أعلم\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٢٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٣١)، وابن حبان (٣٥٥٧) من طريق أبي داود الحفرى به.","vol":"8","page":557},{"text":"أبو داودَ الحَفَرِيُّ عن سُفيانَ.\n\n٨٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي البَختَرِيِّ قال: قال عَبِيدَةُ: إذا سافَرَ الرَّجُلُ وقَد صامَ (^١) رَمَضانَ شَيئًا، فليَصُمْ ما بَقِىَ. قال: وقَرأَ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾. قال: وقالَ أبو البَختَرِيِّ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ وكانَ أفقَهَ مِنَّا: مَن شاءَ صامَ ومَن شاءَ أفطَرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1839>بابُ مَن قال: يُفطِرُ وإن خَرَجَ بَعدَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ</span>\n\n٨٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ. قال أبو داودَ: وحدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى المعنَى، عن سعيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى أيّوبَ، زادَ جَعفَرٌ: واللَّيثِ. قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ كُلَيبَ بنَ ذُهلٍ الحَضرَمِيَّ أخبَرَه، عن عُبَيدٍ. قال جَعفَرٌ: ابنِ جَبرٍ (^٣). قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبى بَصرَةَ الغِفارِىِّ صاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفينَةٍ مِنَ الفُسطاطِ في رَمَضانَ فدَفَعَ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"من\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٨٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٩٥ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"خير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٩١.\n(^٤) في رواية أبي داود: \"فرفع\" بالراء، وعند أحمد وابن خزيمة كالمثبت، وقال في عون المعبود ٢/ ٢٩٣: فرُفع. بالراء بصيغة المجهول، أي: رفع أبو بصرة ومن كان معه على السفينة، وفى رواية لأحمد: فدفع. بالدال، وهو الواضح، وفي رواية له: \"فلما دفعنا من مرسانا. . .","vol":"8","page":558},{"text":"ثُمَّ قَرَّبَ غَداءَه. قال جَعفَرٌ في حَديثِه: فلَم يُجاوِزِ البُيوتَ حَتَّى دَعا بالسُّفرَةِ، قال: اقتَرِبْ. قال: قُلتُ: أَلَيْسَ (^١) تَرَى البُيوتَ؟ قال أبو بَصْرَةَ: أتَرغَبُ عن سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال جَعفَرٌ في حَديثِه: فأَكَلَ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ عامِرٍ، محن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال لي أبو موسَى: ألَم أُنَبّأْ، أو ألَم أُخبَرْ، أنَّكَ تَخرُجُ صائمًا وتَدخُلُ صائمًا؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فإِذا خَرَجْتَ فاخرُجْ مُفطِرًا، وإِذا دَخَلْتَ فادخُلْ مُفطِرًا (^٣).\n\n٨٢٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: أتَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ في رَمَضانَ وهو يُريدُ السَّفَرَ، وقَد رُحِلَت دابَّتُه ولَبِسَ ثيابَ السَّفَرِ، وقَد تَقارَبَ غُروبُ الشَّمسِ، فدَعا بطَعامٍ فأَكَلَ مِنه ثُمَّ رَكِبَ، فقُلتُ له: سُنَّةٌ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ألست\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٣٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٤٠) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٠٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٨ من طريق شعبة به. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فإذا خرجت فاخرج مفطرًا أو ادخل مفطرًا. كذا في كتابي، وفي رواية معاذ بن معاذ وروح بن عبادة وغيرهما عن شعبة: فإذا خرجت فاخرج مفطرًا، وإذا دخلت فادخل مفطرًا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٠٠) من طريق ابن أبي مريم. وقال: حسن. وفى (٧٧٩) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.","vol":"8","page":559},{"text":"٨٢٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحْبيلَ، أنَّه كان يُسافِرُ وهو صائمٌ فيُفطِرُ مِن يَومِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1840>بابٌ: مَن رأَى الهِلالَ وحدَه عَمِلَ على رُؤيَتِهِ</span>\n\n٨٢٦٣ - استِدْلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: ذَكَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الهِلالَ فقالَ: \"إذا رأيتُموه فصُوموا، وإِذا رأيتُموه فأَفطِروا، فإِن أُغمِىَ عَلَيكُم فعُدّوا ثَلاثينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٤)، وقَد مَضَى (^٥).\n\n٨٢٦٤ - وحدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^٦) اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٩٦ من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٩٦).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٠٩)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٢١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٦٤) عن محمد بن بشر به. وتقدم في (٨٠١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٨١/ ٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٠٩)، ومسلم (١٠٨١/ ١٨، ١٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٠٠٩، ٨٠١٠).\n(^٦) في س: \"عبد\".","vol":"8","page":560},{"text":"المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه، وأَفطِروا لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فصوموا ثَلاثينَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبي حَرمَلَةَ، أخبرَنِى كُرَيبٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَصومَ لِرُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ ونُفطِرَ لِرُؤيَتِه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَينا أن نُكْمِلَ ثَلاثينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1841>بابُ مَن لَمْ يَقبَلْ على رُؤيَةِ هِلالِ الفِطرِ إلَّا شاهِدَينِ عَدلَينِ</span>\n\n٨٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ أبو يَحيَى البَزازُ (^٣)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ العَوّامِ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ الحارِثِ الجَدَلِيُّ جَدِيلَةُ قَيسٍ، أنَّ أميرَ مَكَّةَ خَطَبَ ثُمَّ قال: عَهِدَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَنسُكَ لِلرُّؤيَةِ، فإِن لَم نَرَه وشَهِدَ شاهِدا عَدلٍ نَسَكْنا بشَهادَتِهِما. فسألتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ الحارِثِ: مَن أميرُ مَكَّةَ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن طولون في الأحاديث المائة (٨٨) من طريق محمد بن عبيد الله المنادى بذكر أبى سلمة بين سعد بن إبراهيم وأبي هريرة. وأحمد (٧٥١٦)، والترمذي (٦٨٤)، والنسائي (٢١٣٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٨)، وابن حبان (٣٤٤٣) من طريق أبى سلمة عن أبي هريرة. قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٥: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٥: إسناده قوي، وكأنه في مسلم. اهـ. وهو عند مسلم كما سيأتي في (٨٢٨٦).\n(^٣) في س: \"البزار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥.","vol":"8","page":561},{"text":"لَقيَنِى بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: هو الحارِثُ بنُ حاطِبٍ أخو مُحَمدِ بنِ حاطِبٍ. ثُمَّ قال الأميرُ: إنَّ فيكُم مَن هو أعلَمُ باللهِ ورسولِه مِنِّى وشَهِدَ هَذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وأَومَأ بيَدِه إلَى رَجُلٍ. قال الحُسَينُ: فقُلتُ لِشَيخٍ إلَى جَنبِى: مَن هَذا الَّذِى أومَأ إلَيه الأميرُ؟ قال: هَذا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ. وصَدَقَ، كان أعلَمَ باللهِ مِنه، فقالَ: بذَلِكَ أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٨٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: قال لنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ: سألتُ إبراهيمَ الحَرْبِيَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: حدثنا به سعيدُ بنُ سُليمانَ. ثُمَّ قال إبراهيمُ: هو الحارِثُ بنُ حاطِبِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ مُعمَّرِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ وهبِ بنِ حُذافَةَ بنِ جُمَحَ، كان مِن مُهاجِرَةِ الحَبَشَةِ. قال عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ: هَذا إسنادٌ مُتَّصِلٌ صَحيحٌ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ سُفيانُ الثورِيُّ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: أصبَحَ النّاسُ صيامًا لِثَلاثينَ (^٣).\n\n٨٢٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٣٣٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٥٠).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٧، وفيه: \"خبيب\"، بدلًا من: \"حبيب\". وينظر سيرة ابن إسحاق ص ٢٠٧، وسيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٣٢٧، والإصابة ٢/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٢٩٧). وفيه: \"ليلتين\". بدلًا من: \"لثلاثين\".","vol":"8","page":562},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه قال: أصبَحَ النّاسُ لِتَمامِ ثَلاثينَ يَومًا، فجاءَ (^١) أعرابيّانِ فشَهِدا أنَّهُما أهَلَّاه بالأمسِ عَشيَّةً، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ أن يُفطِروا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن مَنصورٍ.\n\n٨٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن رجلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: اختَلَفَ النّاسُ في آخِرِ يَومٍ مِن رَمَضانَ، فقَدِمَ أعرابيّانِ فشَهِدا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - باللَّهِ لأهَلَّا الهِلالَ بالأمسِ عَشيَّةً. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ أن يُفطِروا (^٤).\n\n٨٢٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلْدِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الطّالْقَانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِيِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ قال: أصبَحَ النّاسُ صيامًا لِتَمامِ ثَلاثينَ، فجاءَ رَجُلانِ فشَهِدا أنَّهُما رأيا الهِلالَ بالأمسِ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ فأَفطَروا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فقدم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٢٤)، عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأحمد (٢٣٠٦٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"أحمد\".\n(^٤) سيأتي تخريجه في (٨٢٨٠).\n(^٥) الحاكم ١/ ٢٩٧، وأخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢٣٨ (٦٦٣) عن على بن عبد العزيز به. وقال الذهبي =","vol":"8","page":563},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٨٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: أهلَلْنا هِلالَ رَمَضانَ ونَحنُ بخانِقينَ؛ فمِنّا مَن صامَ، ومِنَّا مَن أفطَرَ. قال: فجاءَنا كِتابُ عُمَرَ: إذا رأيتُمُ الهِلالَ نَهارًا فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى يَشهَدَ شاهِدانِ مُسلِمانِ أنَّهُما رأياه بالأمسِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: يُريدُ به هِلالَ آخِرِ رَمَضانَ.\n\n٨٢٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ القُهُسْتانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَينا عُمَرُ ونَحنُ بخانِقينَ: إنَّ الأهِلَّةَ بَعضُها أعظَمُ مِن بَعضٍ، فإِذا رأيتُمُ الهِلالَ أوَّلَ النَّهارِ فلا تُفطِروا حَتَّى يَشهَدَ شاهِدانِ ذَوا عَدلٍ أنَّهُما رأياه بالأمسِ (^٣). هَذا أثَرٌ صَحيحٌ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -.\n\n٨٢٧٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ\n_________\n= ٤/ ١٦٢٦: غريب.\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧١ من طريق إبراهيم بن بشار به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٣٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٠٦٤).","vol":"8","page":564},{"text":"هارونَ، أخبرَنا ورقاءُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى الثَّعلَبِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: كُنتُ مَعَ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ بالبَقيعِ، فنَظَرَ إلَى الهِلالِ، فأَقبَلَ راكِبٌ فتَلَقَّاه عُمَرُ فقالَ: مِن أينَ جِئتَ؟ قال: مِنَ المَغْرِبِ. قال: أهْلَلْتَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال عُمَرُ (^١): اللَّهُ أكبَرُ! إنَّما يَكفِى المُسلِمينَ الرَّجُلُ. ثُمَّ قامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فتَوَضّأ ومَسَحَ على خُفَّيه ثُمَّ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَنَعَ (^٢).\n\n٨٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى الثَّعلَبِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: رأيتُ الهِلالَ هِلالَ شَوَّالٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أيُّها النَّاسُ أفطِروا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في المَسحِ على الخُفَّينِ (^٣).\n\n٨٢٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَي، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أجازَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ في رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ في فِطرٍ أو أضحًى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) من هنا سقط في س إلى (٨٢٨٠) عند قوله: \"وأخبرنا أبو على الروذبارى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٨.","vol":"8","page":565},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ: قُلتُ لأبِى نُعَيمٍ: سَمِعَ ابنُ أبى لَيلَى مِن عُمَرَ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. قال محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: سَمِعَ ابنُ أبي لَيلَى مِن عُمَرَ؟ فلَم يُثبِتْ ذلكَ. قال عليُّ (^١): عبدُ الأعلَى هو ابنُ عامِرٍ الثَّعلَبِيُّ، غَيرُه أثبَتُ مِنه، وحَديثُ أبى وائلٍ أصَحُّ إسنادًا عن عُمَرَ مِنه، رَواه الأعمَشُ ومَنصورٌ عن أبي وائلٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ قال: سُئلَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عُمَرَ، فقالَ: لَم يَرَه. فقُلتُ له: الحَديثُ الَّذِى يُروَى: كُنّا مَعَ عُمَرَ نَتَرايا الهِلالَ؟ فقالَ: لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1842>بابٌ: الشَّهادَةُ تَثبُتُ على رُؤيَةِ هِلالِ الفِطرِ بَعدَ الزَّوالِ</span>\n\n٨٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن أبي عُمَيرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عُمومَةٍ له مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: أصبَحَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ صيامًا في آخِرِ يَومٍ مِن رَمَضانَ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقَدِمَ رَكْبٌ مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ، فشَهِدوا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: على بن عمر\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٢٦). وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٩٧ (٣٩٣).","vol":"8","page":566},{"text":"أنَّهُم رأوُا الهِلالَ بالأمسِ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ أن يُفطِروا ويَغدوا إلى مُصَلَّاهُم (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه بمَعناه شُعبَةُ وهُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن أبي بشرٍ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي وحشيَّةَ (^٢)، وهو إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ.\nوأبو عُمَيرٍ رَواه عن عُمومَةٍ له مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وأَصحابُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ؛ فسَواءٌ سُمُّوا أو لَم يُسَمَّوا.\n\n٨٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ عُمومَةً له مِنَ الأنصارِ شَهِدُوا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ، فأَمَرَهُم أن يَخرُجُوا لِعيدِهِم مِنَ الغَدِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ عن شُعبَةَ وغَلِطَ فيه؛ إنَّما رَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبي بشرٍ.\n\n٨٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن أبي عُمَيرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عُمومَتِه مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: جاءَ رَكبٌ إلَى نَبِىِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فشَهِدُوا أنَّهُم\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٢/ ١٣٤ عن أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٣٥٥) من طريق هشيم، وسيأتي في الأثر بعد الآتى من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٣٩٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٥٦) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"8","page":567},{"text":"رأوه بالأمسِ - يَعنِى الهِلالَ - فأَمَرَهُم أن يُفطِروا، وأَن يَخرُجوا مِنَ الغَدِ. قال شُعبَةُ: أُراه مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ (^١).\n\n٨٢٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: اختَلَفَ النّاسُ في آخِرِ يَومٍ مِن رَمَضانَ، فقَدِمَ أعرابيّانِ فشَهِدا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - باللَّهِ لأهَلَّا الهِلالَ أمسِ عَشيَّةً، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النَّاسَ أن يُفطِرُوا وأَن يَغدُوا إلى مُصَلَّاهُم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1843>بابُ الشَّهرِ يَخرُجُ تِسعًا وعِشرينَ فيَكمُلُ صيامُهُم</span>\n\n٨٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لا نَكتُبُ ولا نَحسُبُ، الشَّهرُ هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". يَعْنِى ثَلاثينَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"وهَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". وضَمَّ إبهامَه؛ يَعنِى تِسعًا وعِشرينَ، يقولُ: مَرَّةً ثَلاثينَ ومَرَّةً تِسعًا وعِشرينَ (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٧٩)، وأبو داود (١١٥٧)، والنسائي (١٥٥٦) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٠٢٦).\n(^٢) إلى هنا ينتهى السقط المشار إليه في (٨٢٧٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٥١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠١٧)، وأبو داود (٢٣١٩)، والنسائي (٢١٤٠) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٥١٣٧)، ومسلم (١٠٨٠/. . .)، والنسائي (٢١٣٩) من طريق الأسود به.","vol":"8","page":568},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٨٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرَّزَّازُ فيما قَرأتُ عَلَيه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه ببغْدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الثَّغْرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن عائشةَ قال: قيلَ لَها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ أيكونُ شَهرُ رَمَضانَ تِسعًا وعِشرينَ؟ فقالَت: ما صُمتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تِسعًا وعِشرينَ أكثَرُ ممّا صُمتُ ثَلاثينَ (^٢).\nوَروّينا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِثلَ هَذا.\n\n٨٢٨٣ - حَدَّثَناه أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَرْبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ دينارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ الحارِثِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: ما صُمتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تِسعًا وعِشرينَ أكثَرُ ممّا صُمتُ مَعَه ثَلاثينَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩١٣)، ومسلم (١٠٨٠/ ١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥١٨) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٤٠) عن محمد بن سابق به. وأبو داود (٢٣٢٢)، والترمذي (٦٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٢٢) من طريق عيسى بن دينار به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٧: دينار لا يعرف، وعيسى كوفى.","vol":"8","page":569},{"text":"٨٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ سوَيدٍ وخالِدَ (^١) الحَذّاءَ يُحَدِّثَانِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"شَهرا عيدٍ لا يَنقُصانِ، رَمَضانُ وذو الحِجَّةِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٣).\nوالمُرادُ بالحَديثِ واللهُ أعلَمُ أنَّهُما وإِن خَرَجا تِسعًا وعِشرينَ فهُما كامِلانِ فيما يَتَعَلَّقُ بهِما مِنَ الأحكامِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1844>بابُ الشَّهرِ يَخرُجُ في حِسابِ الصّائميَن ثَمانَ وعِشرينَ فيَقضونَ يَومًا واحِدًا</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضَى في حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n\n٨٢٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٧٢٠، ٥٥٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٧٣٥) من طريق معمر به. وابن حبان (٣٤٤٨) من طريق المعتمر عن خالد وحده به. وأحمد (٢٠٣٩٩)، وأبو داود (٢٣٢٣)، والترمذي (٦٩٢)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٩)، وابن حبان (٣٢٥) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩١٢)، ومسلم (١٠٨٩/ ٣٢).\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٨: فالأشهر كاملة بهذا الاعتبار، فما وجه تخصيص الشهرين بالذكر؟ وقد قال أحمد بن حنبل: لا ينقصان في عام واحد، إن نقص هذا تم هذا. وقال إسحاق: أي: لا ينقصان في الثواب. يعني: ولو نقص عددهما. وقبل: لا ينقصان في غالب الأعوام.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٠٠١، ٨٠٠٢).","vol":"8","page":570},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصَمَّ الكوفِيَّ، سَمِعَ الوَليدَ قال: صُمْنا على عَهدِ عليٍّ - ﵁ - ثَمانيَةً وعِشرينَ يَومًا، فأَمَرَنا بقَضاءِ يَومٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1845>بابُ الهِلالِ يُرَى في بَلَدٍ ولا يُرَى في آخَرَ</span>\n\n٨٢٨٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى حَرمَلَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، أنَّ أُمَّ الفَضلِ بنتَ الحارِثِ بَعَثَتْه إلَى مُعاويَةَ بالشّامِ. قال: فقَدِمتُ الشَّامَ فقَضَيتُ حاجَتَها (^٢)، فاستَهَلَّ رَمَضانُ وأَنا بالشّامِ، فرأيتُ الهِلالَ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ، ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ في آخِرِ الشَّهرِ، فسألَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ عن الهِلالَ فقالَ: مَتَى رأيتُمُ الهِلالَ؟ قُلتُ: رأيْناه لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ. قال: أنتَ رأيتَه؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم، ورَآه النّاسُ وصامُوا وصامَ مُعاويَةُ. فقالَ: لَكِنّا رأيناه لَيلَةَ السَّبتِ، فلا نَزالُ نَصومُ حَتَّى نُكمِلَ ثَلاثينَ أو نَراه. فقُلتُ: أوَلا نَكتَفِى برُؤيَةِ مُعاويَةَ. قال: لا، هَكَذا أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير (٢/ ٣٥٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٣٠٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٧٠٠) من طريق حميد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٨: الوليد مجهول.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حاجتى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٨٩)، وأبو داود (٢٣٣٢)، والترمذي (٦٩٣)، والنسائي (٢١١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٩١٦) من طريق إسماعيل به. وتقدم مختصرًا في (٨٢٦٥).","vol":"8","page":571},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ أرادَ ما روِىَ عنه في قِصَّةٍ أُخرَى، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَدَّه لِرُؤيَتِه أو تُكمَلُ العِدَّةُ (^٢)، ولَم يَثبُتْ عِندَه رُؤيَتُه ببَلَدٍ آخَرَ بشَهادَةِ رَجُلَينِ حَتَّى تُكمَلَ العِدَّةُ على رُؤيَتِه؛ لانفِرادِ كُرَيبٍ بهَذا الخَبَرِ فلَم يَقبَلْه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1846>بابُ القَومِ يُخطِئونَ في رُؤيَةِ الهِلالِ</span>\n\n٨٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: إنَّما الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ؛ فلا تَصوموا حَتَّى تَرَوه، ولا تُفطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوه، فإِن غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فأَتِمّوا (^٣) العِدَّةَ ثَلاثينَ؛ فِطرُكُم يَومَ تُفطِرونَ، وأَضحاكُم يَومَ تُضَحّونَ، وكُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ (^٤) مَكَّةَ مَنحَرٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٨٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٠٢٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فأكملوا\".\n(^٤) الفجاج جمع فج وهو الطريق الواسع. النهاية ٣/ ٤١٢.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٣. وفال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٢٩: وجاء عن أيوب عن محمد بن سيرين، وهو أشبه.","vol":"8","page":572},{"text":"وقَد روّيناه مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ مَرفوعًا (^١)، وتابَعَه عبدُ الوارِثِ وروحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٨٢٨٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ (^٢) بنُ قَزَعَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ سَواءٍ (^٣)، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا لِرُؤيَتِه\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرا مِثلَه إلَى آخِرِه، ولَم يَذكُرا: \"الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ\" (^٤).\nوروِىَ عن المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٨٢٨٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَخْرَمِيُّ، عن عثمانَ الأَخْنَسِيِّ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَومُكُم يَومَ تَصومونَ، وأَضحاكُم يَومَ تُضَحّونَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٦٣٥٧).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"سوار\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٦٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (٦٩٧) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. وقال: حسن غريب.","vol":"8","page":573},{"text":"٨٢٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ ابنِ دُرُستُويَه النَّحوِىُّ ببغْدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا عارِمٌ أبو النُعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حَنيفَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ الأقمَرِ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ فقالَتِ: اسقوا مَسروقًا سَويقًا وأَكثِروا حَلواه. قال: فقُلتُ: إنِّي لَم يَمنَعْنِى أن أصومَ اليَومَ إلَّا أنِّى خِفتُ أن يَكونَ يَومَ النَّحرِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: النَّحرُ يَومَ يَنحَرُ الناسُ، والفِطرُ يَومَ يُفطِرُ الناسُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1847>بابُ المُفطِرِ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ يُؤَخِّرُ القَضاءَ ما بَينَه وبَينَ رَمَضانٍ آخَرَ</span>\n\n٨٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبي سلَمَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان يكونُ عليَّ الصَّومُ مِن رَمَضانَ فما أستَطيعُ أن أقضِيَه إلَّا في شَعبانَ. قال يَحيَى: الشُّغلُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الآثار (٨١٨) عن أبي حنيفة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٩٩)، والنسائي (٢٣١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٥٠)، ومسلم (١١٤٦/ ١٥١).","vol":"8","page":574},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1848>بابُ المُفطِرِ يُمكِنُه أن يَصومَ ففَرَّطَ حَتَّى جاءَ رَمَضانُ آخَرُ</span>\n\n٨٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، في رجلٍ أدرَكَه رَمَضانُ وعَلَيه رَمَضانُ آخَرُ، قال: يَصومُ هَذا ويُطعِمُ عن ذاكَ كُلَّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا ويَقضيهِ (^١).\n\n٨٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ: سُئلَ سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ تَتابَعَ عَلَيه رَمَضانانِ وفَرَّطَ فيما بَينَهُما، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ، عن صالِحٍ أبى الخَليلِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: يَصومُ الَّذِى حَضَرَ ويَقضِى الآخَرَ، ويُطعِمُ لِكُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا (^٢).\n\n٨٢٩٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ وقالَ: مُدًّا مِن حِنطَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٧٧). وأخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٨) من طريق ميمون به وعنده: \"يصوم شهرين ويطعم ستين مسكينا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٠)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٧ من طريق مجاهد بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨ من طريق قيس بن سعد به بنحوه.","vol":"8","page":575},{"text":"لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ (^١).\n\n٨٢٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكَّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن رَقَبَةَ قال: زَعَمَ عَطاءٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال في المَريضِ يَمرَضُ ولا يَصومُ رَمَضانَ، ثُمَّ يَبرأُ ولا يَصومُ حَتَّى يُدرِكَه رَمَضانٌ آخَرُ، قال: يَصومُ الَّذِى حَضَرَه ويَصومُ الآخَرَ ويُطعِمُ لِكُلِّ لَيلَةٍ مِسكينًا (^٢).\nورَوَى هَذا الحديثَ إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ الجَلَّابُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ موسَى بنِ وجيهٍ عن الحَكَمِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٣)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ. إبراهيمُ (^٤) وعُمَرُ (^٥) مَتروكانِ.\nوروّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وأَبِى هريرةَ في الَّذِى لَم يَصِحَّ حَتَّى أدرَكَه رَمَضانٌ آخَرُ: يُطعِمُ ولا قَضاءَ عَلَيه (^٦). وعن الحَسَنِ وطاوُسٍ والنَّخَعِيِّ: يَقضى ولا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢١)، والدارقطني ١/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧ من طريق ابن جريج به وليس عند عبد الرزاق: مدًّا من حنطة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٧ من طريق سهل بن بكار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به.\n(^٤) إبراهيم بن نافع الجلاب البصري أبو إسحاق الناجى. ينظر الكلام عليه في الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٤١، والكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٢٦٥، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ١٥٢ (تمييز)، ولسان الميزان ١/ ١١٧.\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمة عمر بن موسى في (١٠٩٦).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٣، ٧٦٢٤)، وسنن الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٦ - ١٩٨.","vol":"8","page":576},{"text":"كَفّارَةَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nوبِه نَقولُ؛ لِقَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1849>بابُ المَريضِ يُفطِرُ ثُمَّ لَم يَصِحَّ حَتَّى ماتَ، فلا يكونُ عليه شَيءٌ</span>\nروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ. وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أمَرتُكُم بأَمرٍ فأْتوا مِنه ما استَطَعْتُم\":\n\n٨٢٩٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَرونِى ما تَرَكْتُكُم؛ فإِنَّما هَلَكَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِكُم بكَثرَةِ سُؤالِهِم واختِلافِهِم على أنبيائهِم، فإِذا نَهَيتُكُم عن شَيءٍ فاجتَنِبوه، وإِذا أمَرتُكُم بالأمرِ فأتوا مِنه ما استَطَعْتُم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1850>بابُ مَن قال: إذا فرَّطَ في القَضاءِ بَعدَ الإمكانِ حَتَّى ماتَ أُطْعِمَ عنه مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا مُدٌّ مِن طَعامٍ</span>\n\n٨٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ ونافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٦)، والمحلى ٦/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٤٤)، وسيأتي في (٨٦٨٩، ١٣٧٢١).\n(^٣) مسلم ٤/ ١٨٣١ (١٣٣٧/ ١٣١).","vol":"8","page":577},{"text":"يَموتُ وعَلَيه صَومٌ مِن رَمَضانَ، أو نَذرٌ يقولُ: لا يَصومُ أحَدٌ عن أحَدٍ، ولَكِن تَصَدَّقُوا عنه مِن مالِه لِلصَّومِ لِكُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا (^١).\n\n٨٢٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنِي جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمرَ كان يقولُ: مَن أفطَرَ في رَمَضانَ أيَّامًا وهو مَريضٌ، ثُمَّ ماتَ قَبلَ أن يَقضِىَ فليُطعِمْ عنه مَكانَ كُلَّ يَومٍ أفطَرَه مِن تِلكَ الأيّامِ مِسكينًا مُدًّا مِن حِنطَةٍ، فإِن أدرَكَه رَمَضانُ عامَ قابِلٍ قَبلَ أن يَصومَه فأَطاقَ صَومَ الَّذِى أدرَكَ، فليُطعمْ عَمَّا مَضى كُلَّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا مُدًّا مِن حِنطَةٍ، وليَصُمِ الَّذِى استَقبَلَ (^٢). هَذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ على ابنِ عُمَرَ، وقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن نافِعٍ فأَخطأ فيهِ:\n\n٨٢٩٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، [حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ] (^٣) بنِ البَختَريِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابن عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الَّذِى يَموتُ وعَلَيه رَمَضانُ ولَم يَقضِه، قال: \"يُطعَمُ عنه لِكُلِّ يَومٍ نِصفُ صاعٍ مِن بُرٍّ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره مالك ١/ ٣٠٣ عن ابن عمر دون قوله: \"ولكن. . .\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٣)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٦ من طريق نافع دون: من مات ولم يقض.\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"8","page":578},{"text":"هَذا خَطأٌ مِن وجهَينِ: أحَدُهُما رَفعُه الحديثَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وإِنَّما هو مِن قَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، والآخَرُ قَولُه: \"نِصفُ صاعٍ\". وإِنَّما قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: مُدًّا مِن حِنطَةٍ.\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الصّاعِ:\n\n٨٣٠٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كامِلٍ القَرْقَسانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا عَبثَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن رَجُلٍ ماتَ وعَلَيه صَومُ شَهرٍ قال: \"يُطعَمُ عنه كُلَّ يَومٍ مِسكينٌ\" (^١).\n\n٨٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوْبانَ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن رَجُلٍ ماتَ وعَلَيه صيامُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ وعَلَيه نَذرُ صيامِ شَهرٍ آخَرَ، قال: يُطعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسكينًا (^٢). كَذا رَواه ابنُ ثَوبانَ عنه في الصِّيامَينِ جَميعًا.\n\n٨٣٠٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٧١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٥٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٦) من طريق عبثر به. وقال الترمذي: لا نعرفه مرفوعا إلا من هذا الوجه، والصحيح عن ابن عمر موقوف قوله.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٧٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٦٥٠).","vol":"8","page":579},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن رَوحِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، في امرأةٍ توُفّيَت - أو رَجُلٍ - وعَلَيه رَمَضانُ ونَذرُ شَهرٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يُطعَمُ عنه مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسْكينٌ، أو يَصومُ عنه وليُّه لِنَذرِهِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1851>بابُ مَن قال: يَصومُ عنه وليُّهُ</span>\n\n٨٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ماتَ وعَلَيه صِيامٌ صامَ عنه وليُّه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ موسَى بنِ أَعْيَنَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٥١) عن ابن عباس وفيه: \"ويصوم عنه\". بدلًا من: \"أو يصوم\". وينظر ما سيأتي عقب (٨٣١٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٠١) من طريق سعيد بن جبير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٢)، وابن حبان (٣٥٦٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١٩) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.","vol":"8","page":580},{"text":"عمرٍو، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه ابنُ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو (^١). ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عيسَى (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ عن ابنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ:\n\n٨٣٠٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ماتَ وعَلَيه صيامٌ صامَ عنه وليُّه\" (^٣).\n\n٨٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومُ شَهرٍ. فقالَ: \"أرأيتِ لَو كان عَلَيها دَينٌ، اكُنتِ تَقضينَه؟ \". فقالَت: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"دَينُ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ بالقَضاءِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٤٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٨٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وأحمد (٢٤٤٠١) من طريق ابن أبي جعفر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٦٠٣) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٤٨/ ١٥٤).","vol":"8","page":581},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^١).\nورَواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ عن الأَعْمَشِ كما:\n\n٨٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفَامِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومُ شَهرٍ (^٢)، أفأقضِيه عَنها؟ [قال: \"لَو كان على أُمِّكَ دَينٌ، أكُنتَ قاضِيَه؟] \" (^٣). قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فدَينُ اللهِ أحَقُّ أن يُقضَى\". قال سُلَيمانُ: قال الحَكَمُ وسَلَمَةُ ونَحنُ جُلوسٌ حينَ كان مسلمٌ يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا فقالا: سَمِعنا مُجاهِدًا يَذكُرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ هَذا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حُسَينٍ الجُعفِىِّ عن زائدَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣١٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) في س: \"شهرين\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٦) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١٣) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٥٣)، ومسلم (١١٤٨/ ١٥٦).","vol":"8","page":582},{"text":"ورَواه أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ عن الأعمَشِ كما:\n\n٨٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدْلُ ببغْدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُحَمَّدٍ دَعْلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الجارودِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن الحَكَمِ ومُسلِمٍ البَطينِ وسَلَمَةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وعَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ أُختِى ماتَت وعَلَيها صيامُ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ قال: \"أرأيتِ لَو كان على أُختِكِ دَينٌ، أكُنتِ تَقضينَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فحَقُّ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ (^٢)، وقالَ البخاريُّ: ويُذكَرُ عن أبي خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن الأعمَشِ كما:\n\n٨٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمًا البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَت لَهُ أنَّ أُختَها نَذَرَت أن تَصومَ شَهرًا، وأنَّها رَكِبَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٧١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٧٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٧٠) من طريق عبد الله بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٤٨/. . .).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (١٩٥٣).","vol":"8","page":583},{"text":"البحرَ فماتَت ولَم تَصُمْ، فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صومِى عن أُختِكِ\" (^١). فهَذا اللَّفظُ نَصٌّ في الصَّومِ عَنها.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت:\n\n٨٣٠٩ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانعٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومُ نَذرٍ؟ فقالَ: \"أكُنتِ قَاضيَةً عَنها دينًا لَو كان على أُمِّكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فصومِى عَنها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ وابنِ أبي خَلَفٍ عن زَكَريّا بنِ عَدِىٍّ، وزادَ في مَتنِه: أفأصومُ عَنها؟ قال: \"أرأيتِ لَو كان على أُمِّكِ دينٌ فقَضَيتِه (^٣)، أكانَ يُؤَدِّى ذَلِكَ عَنها؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فصومِى عن أُمِّكِ\".\n\n٨٣١٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو مُحَمَّدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَزيدَ وأبو أحمدَ ابنُ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٧٥٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١٧) من طريق زكريا بن عدى به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"فقضيتيه\".","vol":"8","page":584},{"text":"الحَجّاجِ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وابنُ أبي خَلَفٍ وعَبدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، قال عبدٌ: حَدَّثَنِي زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ حِكايَةً عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي وحشيَّةَ عن سعيدٍ نَصًّا في جَوازِ الصَّومِ عَنها.\n\n٨٣١١ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي وحشيَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً نَذَرَت وهِىَ في البحرِ، إن نَجّاها اللَّهُ أن تَصومَ شَهرًا، فأَنجاها اللَّهُ، وماتَت قَبلَ أن تَصومَ، فجاءَت ذاتُ قَرابَةٍ لَها، إمّا أُختُها وإمَّا ابنَتُها، إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فَأَخبَرَته فقالَ: \"صُومِى عَنها\" (^٣).\nتابَعَه هُشَيمٌ عن أبي بشرٍ في الصَّومِ (^٤)، ورَواه شُعبَةُ وأبو عَوانَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ في الحَجِّ دونَ الصَّومِ (^٥)، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ السُّؤالُ وقَعَ عَنهُما، فنَقَلا أحَدَهُما، ونَقَلَ حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ وهُشَيمٌ الآخَرَ؛ فقَد رَواه عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الصَّومِ:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٤٨/ ١٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (١٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٣٩٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦١)، وأبو داود (٣٣٠٨) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٨٧٤٤، ٩٩٤٢).","vol":"8","page":585},{"text":"٨٣١٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: قَرأتُ على الفُضَيلِ، عن أبي حَريزٍ، في امرأةٍ ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومٌ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتَتِ امرأةٌ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا. قال: \"أرأيتِ لَو أنَّ أُمَّكِ ماتَت وعَلَيها دَينٌ، أكُنتِ قاضِيتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"اقضِى دينَ اُمِّكِ\". وهِىَ امرأةٌ مِن خَثعَمَ (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو حَريزٍ: حَدَّثَنِي عِكرِمَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه بُرَيدَةُ بنُ حُصَيبٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في الصَّومِ والحَجِّ جَميعًا.\n\n٨٣١٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَطاءٍ المَدينِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنت جالِسًا عِندَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إذ أتَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: إنِّي تَصَدَّقتُ على أُمِّى بجاريَةٍ، وإِنَّها ماتَت. قال: \"وجَبَ أجرُكِ ورَدَّها عَلَيكِ الميراثُ\". قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّه كان عَلَيها صَومُ شَهرٍ، أفأصومُ عَنها؟ قال: \"صومِى عَنها\". قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّها لَم تَحُجَّ، أفأحُجُّ عَنها؟ قال: \"حُجِّى عَنها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٣) عن محمد بن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (١٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٦٦٧) عن على بن حجر به.","vol":"8","page":586},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ (^٢)؛ سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وزُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ ومَروانُ الفَزارِىُّ وأبو مُعاويَةَ (^٣) وغَيرُهُم، إلَّا أنَّ بَعضَهُم قال: صَومُ شَهرَينِ.\nورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيهِ (^٤). وَقالَ: صَومُ شَهرٍ.\nفثَبَتَ بهَذِه الأحاديثِ جَوازُ الصَّومِ عن المَيِّتِ. وكانَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ قال في كتابِ القَديمِ: وقَد روِىَ في الصَّومِ عن المَيِّتِ شَئٌ، فإِن كان ثابِتًا صِيمَ عنه كما يُحَجُّ عنه (^٥). وأَمّا في الجَديدِ فإِنَّه سألَ علَى (^٦) نَفسِه، فقالَ: فإِن قيلَ: فرُوِىَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أحَدًا أن يَصومَ عن أحَدٍ؟ قيلَ: نَعَم، رَوَى ابنُ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فإِن قيلَ: فلِمَ لا تأخُذُ به؟ قِيلَ: حَدَّثَ الزُّهرِيُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٤٩/ ١٥٧).\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"و\"، وفي م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٥٤)، ومسلم (١١٤٩/. . .)، والترمذي (٩٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٥) من طريق سفيان به. وعندهم سوى مسلم بذكر قصة الجارية فقط. وسيأتي في (٧٨٤٢) من طريق زهير. وتقدم في (٧٧١٠) من طريق مروان.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٦)، ومسلم (١١٤٩/. . .)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٤) من طريق عبد الملك به. وعند النسائي قصة الجارية فقط.\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٥٣١) عن الشافعي.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"عن\".","vol":"8","page":587},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَذرًا، ولَم يُسَمِّه مَعَ حِفظِ الزُّهرِيِّ وطولِ مُجالَسَةِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ لابنِ عباسٍ. فلَمّا جاءَ غَيرُه عن رَجُلٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بغَيرِ ما في حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أشبَهَ ألَّا يَكونَ مَحفوظًا (^١).\nيَعنِى به الحديثَ الَّذِى:\n\n٨٣١٤ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ استَفتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ أُمِّى ماتَت وعَلَيها نَذرٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - - ﷺ -: \"اقضِه عَنها\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ قَد أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣)، إلَّا أنَّ في رِوايَةِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ امرأةً سألَت (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ وسَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥)، وفِي رِوايَةٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ وعَطاءٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٨٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٣١)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٨٨، ومالك ٢/ ٤٧٢، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٣٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٣)، والترمذي (١٦٤٥)، والنسائي (٣٦٦١) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٢٧٥٩، ٢٠١٧٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٦١)، ومسلم (١٦٣٨/. . .).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٣٠٥، ٨٣٠٨، ٨٣٠٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٣٠٦). وفيه أن رجلا هو الذي سأل.","vol":"8","page":588},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١)، ورَواه عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢)، ثُمَّ رَواه بُرَيدَةُ بنُ حُصَيبٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). فالأشبَهُ أن تَكونَ هذه القِصَّةُ التي وقَعَ السُّؤالُ فيها عن الصَّومِ نَصًّا غَيرَ قِصَّةِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ التي وقَعَ السُّؤالُ فيها عن النَّذرِ مُطلَقًا، كَيفَ وقَد روِىَ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ النَّصُّ في جَوازِ الصَّومِ عن الميِّتِ (^٤).\nوقَد رأيتُ بَعضَ أصحابِنا يُضَعِّفُ حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ بما روِىَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا يَصومُ أحَدٌ عن أحَدٍ، ويُطعَمُ عَنه (^٥). وبِما رُوّينا عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الإطعامِ عمَن ماتَ وعَلَيه صيامُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ وصيامُ شَهرِ نَذرٍ (^٦). وفِي رِوايَةِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ورِوايَةِ أبى حَصينٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال في صيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ: أطعَمَ عنه. وفِي النَّذرِ: قَضى عنه وليُّه (^٧). ورِوايَةُ مَيمونٍ وسَعيدٍ تُوافِقُ الرِّوايَةَ عنه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّذرِ، إلَّا أنَّ الرِّوايَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٠٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٣١٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٣١٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٣٠٣، ٨٣٠٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩١٨) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٨٣٠١).\n(^٧) تقدمتا في (٨٣٠٢).","vol":"8","page":589},{"text":"تُخالِفانِها، ورأيتُ بَعضَهُم ضَعَّفَ حَديثَ عائشةَ بما روِىَ عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن امرأةٍ عن عائشةَ في امرأةٍ ماتَت وعَلَيها الصَّومُ، قالَت: يُطعَمُ عَنها (^١). ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: لا تَصوموا عن مَوتاكُم وأَطعِموا عَنهُم. ولَيسَ فيما ذَكَروا ما يوجِبُ لِلحَديثِ ضَعفًا؛ فمَن يُجَوِّزُ الصيامَ عن المَيِّتِ يُجَوِّزُ الإطعامَ عنه.\nوفيما روِىَ عَنهُما في النَّهىِ عن الصَّومِ عن المَيِّتِ نَظَرٌ، والأحادِيثُ المَرفوعَةُ أصَحُّ إسنادًا وأَشهَرُ رِجالًا، وقَد أودَعَها صاحِبا \"الصحيح\" كِتابَيهِما، ولَو وقَفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ على جَميعِ طُرُقِها وتَظاهُرِها لَم يُخالِفْها إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nومِمَّن رأى (^٢) جَوازَ الصّيامِ عن المَيِّتِ: طاوُسٌ والحَسَنُ البَصرِيُّ والزُّهرِيُّ وقَتادَةُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1852>بابُ مَن ماتَ وعَلَيه صيامُ رَمَضانَينِ</span>\n\n٨٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قال: سُئلَ سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ ماتَ وعَلَيه رَمَضانانِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٦/ ١٧٩ من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"روى\".\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٦٤٦ - ٧٦٤٨) عن طاوس والزهرى. وعلقه البخاري قبل (١٩٥٢) عن الحسن.","vol":"8","page":590},{"text":"ولَم يَصِحَّ بَينَهُما، فأَخبَرنا عن أبي يَزيدَ المَدَنِيِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا ماتَ وعَلَيه رَمَضانانِ، فأَوصى أن يَسأَلوا الفُقَهاءَ ما يُكَفِّرُهُما؟ واقضوا عَنِّى دَينِى وابدَءوا بدَينِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: فأَتَوُا ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ: عَلَيه إطعامُ سِتِّينَ مِسكينًا. فرَجَعوا إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ فأَخبَروه فقالَ: صَدَقَ، كَذَلِكَ فاصنَعوا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1853>بابُ قَضاءِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ إن شَاءَ مُتَفَرِّقًا وإِن شَاءَ مُتَتابِعًا</span>\n\n٨٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ أكبر الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، [حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ] (^٢) قال: وفيما ذَكَرَ عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شَهابٍ عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: نَزَلَت: (فَعِدَّةٌ مِن أيّامٍ أُخَرَ مُتَتابِعاتٍ) فسَقَطَت: (مُتَتابِعاتٍ) (^٣).\nقَولُها: فسَقَطَت. تُريدُ به: نُسِخَت. لا يَصِحُّ له تأويلٌ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٨٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقاقُ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أزهَرَ بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا عامِرٍ الهَوزَنِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الجَرّاحِ - ﵁ - سُئلَ عن قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ، فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يُرَخَصْ لَكُم في فِطرِه وهو يُريدُ أن يَشُقَّ عَلَيكُم في قَضائِه، فأَحصِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٢٨) عن ابن عباس به. والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٦ عن ابن عمر بنحوه.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢، وعبد الرزاق (٧٦٥٧).","vol":"8","page":591},{"text":"العِدَّةَ واصنَعْ ما شِئتَ (^١).\n\n٨٣١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن أبيه، عن مالكِ بنِ يُخامِرَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: أحصِ العِدَّةَ وصُمْ كَيفَ شِئتَ (^٢).\n\n٨٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان لا يَرَى بقَضائه بأسًا أن يَقضِيَه مُتَفَرِّقًا (^٣). يَعنِى قَضاءَ صومِ رَمَضانَ (^٤).\n\n٨٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٣٥)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢١٨)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢ من طريق معاوية بن صالح به مقتصرًا على قوله: أحص. . . .\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٣٦)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٣، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٠٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مفرقا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٢٩)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٣ من طريق على بن الحكم به. ولفظ ابن أبي شيبة: يواتره إن شاء.","vol":"8","page":592},{"text":"يقولُ في قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ: مَن كان عَلَيه شَئٌ مِنه فليُفَرِّقْ بَينَه (^١).\n\n٨٣٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسْفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدٍ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فيمَن عَلَيه قَضاءُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ قال: يَقضِيه مُتَفَرِّقًا، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قال: ﴿فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ١٨٤].\n\n٨٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى به بأسًا، ويَقولُ: إنَّما قال اللَّه: ﴿فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ﴾ (^٤).\n\n٨٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، [عن جَدَّتِه] (^٥)، أنَّ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٧٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٩٩)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٣، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٣٧) من طريق ابن جريج بلفظ: \"لا بأس بقضاء رمضان متفرقًا\".\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢١٧)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢ من طريق معمر بلفظ: صمه كيف شئت.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٠٠) من طريق سليمان به بنحوه.\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"عمن حدثه\". والمثبت من خط المصنف بحاشية الأصل. وينظر التاريخ الكبير =","vol":"8","page":593},{"text":"كان يقولُ: أحصِ العِدَّةَ وصُمْ كَيفَ شِئتَ (^١).\nوقَد روِىَ فيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ:\n\n٨٣٢٤ - أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ أبو حُسَينٍ؛ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ مَكةَ (^٢) قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ عُقبَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رَجُلٌ كان عَلَيه قَضاءٌ مِن رَمَضانَ، فقَضَى يَومًا أو يَومَينِ مُنقَطِعَينِ، أيُجزِئُ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأيتَ لَو كان عَلَيه دَينٌ فقَضاه دِرهَمًا ودِرهَمَينِ حَتَّى يَقضِىَ دينَه، أَتَرَونَ ذِمَّتَه بَرِئَت؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"يَقضِى عنه\" (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المنكَدِرِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا:\n\n٨٣٢٥ - أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ الطّائفِيُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ رسُولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن تَقطيعِ قَضاءِ صيامِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ إلَيكَ، أرأيتَ لَو كان على أحَدِكُم دَينٌ فقَضَى الدِّرهَمَ والدِّرهَمَينِ، ألَم يكنْ قَضاءً؟ فاللَّهُ أحَقُّ\n_________\n= ٦/ ٣٧٢، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٢.\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٣، وأبو القاسم البغوي في جزء مسائل عن الإمام أحمد (٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٠٥).\n(^٢) في س: \"الكوفة\".\n(^٣) ابن وهب في موطئه (٢٨٧).","vol":"8","page":594},{"text":"أن يَعفُوَ أو يَغفِرَ\" (^١). قال عليٌّ: إسنادُه حَسَنٌ إلَّا أنَّه مُرسَلٌ، وقَد وصَلَه غَيرُ (^٢) أبى بكرٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٣) ولا يَثبُتُ مُتَّصِلًا.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^٤)، ورُوِىَ في مُقابَلَتِه عن أبي هريرةَ في النَّهىِ عن القَطعِ مَرفوعًا (^٥)؛ وكَيفَ يَكونُ ذَلِكَ صحيحًا ومَذهَبُ أبي هريرةَ جَوازُ التَّفريقِ ومَذهَبُ ابنِ عُمَرَ المُتابَعَةُ؟ وقَد روِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ مَرفوعًا في جَوازِ التَّفريقِ (^٦)، ولا يَصِحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\n\n٨٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ صَخرٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان عَلَيه صَومُ رَمَضَانَ (^٧) فليَسرُدْه ولا يَقطَعْه\". قال عليٌّ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٤، وابن أبي شيبة (٩١٩٨).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"عن\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"مسلم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩١.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢.\n(^٧) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صوم من رمضان\".\n(^٨) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩١، ١٩٢.","vol":"8","page":595},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ مَدَنِيٌّ، قَد ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائيُّ والدَّارَقُطنِيُّ (^١).\n\n٨٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ (^٢) بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ قال: تتابُعًا (^٣).\nقال: وأخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: تَتابُعًا (^٤).\nورَواه عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، عن زُهَيرٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى به مُتَفَرِّقًا بأسًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ يحيى بن معين ٤/ ٩٠ (٣٢٩٨ - رواية الدورى)، والضعفاء والمتروكون للنسائي ص ٢٠٦، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٢. وحكى البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٥٦ توثيقه عن حبان بن هلال. وأخرج ابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢١١ عن أحمد أنه قال: ليس به بأس. وعن يحيى بن معين أنه قال: هو ثقة. وعن أبي زرعة: لا بأس به، أحاديثه مستقيمة. وعن أبيه أبى حاتم: ليس بالقوي، روى حديثًا منكرًا عن العلاء: نا عبد الرحمن. وينظر أيضًا الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦١٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٥٤٥، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٤٠١.\n(^٢) في س: \"عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"متتابعا\".\nوالأثر في أمالى عبد الرزاق (٣٠)، ومصنفه (٧٦٦٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٢١) من طريق أبى إسحاق بنحوه.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"متتابعا\".\nوالأثر في أمالى عبد الرزاق (٣٢)، ومصنفه (٧٦٥٨). وفيهما: عبيد الله. مكان: عبد اللَّه.\n(^٥) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٥٢٨).","vol":"8","page":596},{"text":"٨٣٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان لا يُفَرِّقُ قَضاءَ رَمَضانَ (^١). كَذا قال ابنُ عُمَرَ، واختُلِفَ فيه على عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، وراويه الحارِثُ الأعوَرُ؛ والحارِثُ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1854>بابٌ: لا يُصامُ يَومُ الفِطرِ ولا يَومُ النَّحرِ ولا أيّامُ مِنًى فرضًا ولا تَطَوُّعًا</span>\n\n٨٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدُ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى ابنِ أزهَرَ أنَّه قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فجاءَ فصَلَّى، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: إنَّ هَذَينِ يَومَان (^٣) نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صيامِهِما، يَومُ فِطرِكُم مِن صيامِكُم، والآخَرُ يَومٌ تأكُلونَ فيه مِن نُسُكِكُم (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n٨٣٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٢٠) من طريق عبيد الله به: أنه كان يأمر بقضاء رمضان متتابعًا.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في عقب (٣٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"يومين\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ١٧٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٨٢)، وابن حبان (٣٦٠٠). وتقدم في (٦٣٦٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٩٠)، ومسلم (١١٣٧).","vol":"8","page":597},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وزُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، وهَذا حَديثُه، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فبَدأَ بالصَّلاةِ قَبلَ الخُطبَةِ، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صيامِ هَذَينِ اليَومَينِ؛ أمّا يَومُ الأضحَى فتأكُلونَ مِن نُسُكِكُم، وأَمّا يَومُ الفِطرِ ففِطرُكُم مِن صيامِكُم (^١).\n\n٨٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى حَكيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَسأَلُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ ألا يأتِىَ عَلَيه يَومٌ سَمّاه إلَّا وهو صائمٌ فيه، فوافَقَ ذَلِكَ يَومَ أضحًى أو يَومَ فِطرٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١]. لَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ يَومَ الأضحَى ولا يَومَ الفِطرِ ولا يأمُرُ بصيامِهِما (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٤١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٥٩) من طريق سفيان به، وليس عند ابن خزيمة ذكر الصلاة قبل الخطبة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤١)، وفى المعرفة (٥٨٥١). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٣٢٨١) عن يوسف القاضي به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٠٥).","vol":"8","page":598},{"text":"الصَّوّافُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه حَدَّثَه أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه وأَوسَ بنَ الحَدَثانِ أيّامَ التَّشريقِ، [فنادَى: \"إنَّه] (^١) لا (^٢) يَدخُلُ الجَنةَ إلَّا مُؤمِنٌ، وأَيّامُ مِنًى أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ\". لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ سابِقٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِى، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أنَّه دَخَلَ هو وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو على عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وذَلِكَ لِلغَدِ أو بَعدَ الغَدِ مِن يَومِ الأضحَى، فقَدَّمَ إلَيه عمرٌو طَعامًا، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ له عَمرٌو: أفطِرْ؛ فإِنَّ هذه الأيّامُ التي كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بإِفطارِها ويَنهَى عن صيامِها. فأَفطَرَ عبدُ اللَّهِ وأَكَلَ وأَكَلْنا مَعَه (^٥).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الثامنُ\nويتلوه الجزءُ التاسعُ\nوأولُه: بابُ الإفطارِ بالطَّعامِ وبِغَيرِ الطَّعامِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فناديا\".\n(^٢) في م: \"لن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٩٣) عن محمد بن سابق به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٤٢/ ١٤٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١٤٩) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٧٧٦٨)، وأبو داود (٢٤١٨) من طريق ابن الهادى به.","vol":"8","page":599},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1855>بابُ الإفطارِ بالطَّعامِ وبِغَيرِ الطَّعامِ إذا ازدَرَدَه (^١) عامِدًا، وبِالسَّعوطِ (^٢) والاحتِقانِ، وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ ممّا يَدخُلُ جَوفَه باختيارِهِ</span>\n\n٨٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه ذُكِرَ عِندَه الوُضوءُ مِنَ الطَّعامِ. قال الأعمَشُ مَرَّةً: والحِجامَةُ لِلصّائمِ. فقالَ: إنَّما الوُضوءُ ممّا يَخرُجُ ولَيسَ ممّا يَدخُلُ، وإِنَّما الفِطرُ ممّا دَخَلَ ولَيسَ ممّا خَرَجَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال لِلَقيطِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ: \"وبالِغْ في الاستِنشَاقِ إلَّا أن تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1856>بابُ الصّائمِ يَذوقُ شَيئًا</span>\n\n٨٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيْحِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَرِيكٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا بأسَ أن يَتَطاعَمَ الصّائمُ بالشَّئِ،\n_________\n(^١) ازدرد: ابتلع. التاج ٨/ ١٤٠ (ز ر د).\n(^٢) السعوط: هو ما يجعل من الدواء في الأنف. النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٧٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٣٠، ٢٣٨، ٣٦٠)، وسيأتي في (٨٣٣٧).","vol":"9","page":5},{"text":"يَعنِى المَرَقَةَ ونَحوَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1857>بابُ الصّائمِ يُمَضمِضُ أو يَستَنشِقُ فيَرفُقُ ولا يُبالِغُ، فإِن بالَغَ حَتَّى وصَلَ إلَى رأسِه أو إلَى جَوفِه أفْطَرَ</span>\n\n٨٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلْحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: هَشِشتُ (^٢) يَومًا فقَبَّلتُ وأَنا صائمٌ، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: صَنَعتُ اليَومَ أمرًا عَظيمًا، فقَبَّلتُ وأَنا صائمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأيتَ لَو تَمَضمَضتَ بالماءِ وأَنتَ صائمٌ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ففيمَ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n٨٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ لَقيطِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَلِّلْ أصابِعَكَ وأَسبغِ الوُضوءَ، وإِذا استَنشَقْتَ فبالِغْ إلَّا أنْ تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٢٤٢٢)، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٣٦٣) عن شريك به.\n(^٢) الهشاشة: الإقبال على الشيء بنشاط. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٠٩٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ٢١٦ (٤٨٢) عن عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي مريم به. وتقدم في (٢٣٠).","vol":"9","page":6},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1858>بابُ الصّائمِ يَكتَحِلُ</span>\n\n٨٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَلَيكُم بالإِثِمِدِ، فإِنَّه يَجلو البَصَرَ، ويُنبِتُ الشَّعَرَ\". وزَعَمَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كانَت له مُكْحُلَةٌ يَكتَحِلُ مِنها كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ؛ ثَلاثًا في هذه، وثَلاثًا في هَذِهِ (^١). هَذا أصحُّ ما روِىَ في اكتِحالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -.\nوقَد روِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢)، عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَكتَحِلُ بالإِثمِدِ وهو صائمٌ.\n\n٨٣٣٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنطاكِىُّ، حدثنا لُوَيْنٌ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٤٢٦)، والآداب (٩٠٥)، والطيالسى (٢٨٠٣)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (١٧٥٧)، وقال: حسن غريب لا نعرفه على هذا اللفظ إلا من حديث عباد بن منصور. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٢٠)، والترمذي (٢٠٤٨) من طريق عباد به، وعند أحمد بذكر المكحلة فقط. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٣٨: له علة، قال أحمد بن داود الحداد: سمعت على بن المديني: سمعت يحيى يقول: قلت لعباد في حديث: يكتحل ثلاثا؟ فقال: حدثني ابن أبي يحيى عن داود بن الحصين عن عكرمة.\n(^٢) محمد بن عبيد الله بن أبي رافع القرشي الهاشمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٧١، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٤٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٣٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٨٧: ضعيف.","vol":"9","page":7},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ (^١) أبى رافِعٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُعمَّرُ بنُ (^٣) محمدٍ عن أبيه بمَعناه (^٤).\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ الزُّبَيدِىُّ صاحِبُ بَقيَّةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: رُبَّما (^٥) اكتَحَلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وهو صائمٌ.\n\n٨٣٤٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الطّيبِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سعيدٍ الزُّبَيدِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٦). وسَعيدٌ الزُّبَيدِىُّ مِن مَجاهيلِ شُيوخِ بَقيَّةَ، يَنفَرِدُ بما لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيهِ (^٧).\nوروِىَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مَرفوعًا بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ بمَرَّةٍ، أنَّه لَم يَرَ به بأسًا (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عن\".\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٨٣٤، وفيه: \"حبان بن على بن محمد\". وأخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٤٨٤ من طريق حبان به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\". وهو معمر بن محمد بن عبيد الله بن أبي رافع. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٤٣ من طريق معمر به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٣٩: وكذلك حبان. أي: ضعيف مثل محمد بن عبيد الله.\n(^٥) في س: \"ما\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٧٨) من طريق بقية به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٦٠٨): إسناده ضعيف لضعف الزبيدى.\n(^٧) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٢٠٨).\n(^٨) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٢٦) من حديث أنس مرفوعًا وضعفه.","vol":"9","page":8},{"text":"وقَد روِىَ في النَّهىِ عنه نَهارًا وهو صائمٌ حَديثٌ أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" (^١).\n\n٨٣٤١ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ أبو النُّعمانِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى قال: وكانَ جَدُّه أتَى به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فمَسَحَ على رأسِه فقالَ: \"لا تَكتَحِلْ بالنَّهارِ وأَنتَ صائمٌ، اكتَحِلْ ليلًا، الإثمِدُ يَجلو البَصَرَ ويُنبِتُ الشَّعَرَ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ هو ابنُ النُّعمانِ بنِ مَعبَدِ بنِ هَوذَةَ أبو النُّعمانِ، ومَعبَدُ بنُ هَوذَةَ الأنصارِىُّ هو الَّذِى له هذه الصُّحبَةُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1859>بابُ الصّائمِ يَصُبُّ على رأسِه الماءَ</span>\nقَد مَضى الحَديثُ في اغتِسالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ما يُصبِحُ جُنُبًا (^٣).\n\n٨٣٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ النّاسَ في سَفَرِه بالفِطرِ عامَ الفَتحِ وقالَ: \"تَقَوَّوا لِعَدُوِّكُم\". وصامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: وقالَ الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى: لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالعَرجِ يُصَبُّ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٠٦)، وأبو داود (٢٣٧٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بمعناه مختصرًا. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٣٩: قال ابن معين: هذا حديث منكر.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٠٧١، ٨٠٧٣، ٨٠٧٥، ٨٠٧٦).","vol":"9","page":9},{"text":"على رأسِه الماءُ وهو صائمٌ مِنَ العَطَشِ، أو قال: مِنَ الحَرِّ (^١).\n\n٨٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ أبي المُنذِرِ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يَكرَعُ (^٢) في حِياضِ زَمزَمَ وهو صائمٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1860>بابُ الصّائمِ يَحتَجِمُ فلا يَبطُلُ صَومُهُ</span>\n\n٨٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ وابنُ أبي قُماشٍ ويَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو صائمٌ. في رِوايَةِ تَمتامٍ: حدثنا أيّوبُ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٦) علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٦٥) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم في (٨٢٣٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧٢).\n(^٢) يكرع: يتناول الماء بفيه من غير كف ولا إناء. النهاية ٤/ ١٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٧٦) عن وكيع، وابن الجعد في الجعديات (٢٧٨٦) كلاهما وكيع وابن الجعد عن ابن أبي ذئب به وعندهما: \"وهو قائم\". بدلًا من: \"صائم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٧٢)، وابن حبان (٣٥٣١) من طريق أبى معمر به. والترمذي (٧٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢١٧) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والبخاري (١٩٣٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٣٩، ٥٦٩٤).\n(^٦) في م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"9","page":10},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِرْيابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ وهو صائمٌ مُحرِمٌ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا مَيمونُ بنُ مِهرانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِىَّ وهو يَسأَلُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ: أكُنتُم تَكرَهونَ الحِجامَةَ لِلصّائمِ؟ قال: لا، إلَّا مِن أجلِ الضَّعفِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن شُعبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِىَّ قال: سُئلَ أنَسٌ (^٤).\nوالصَّحيحُ ما رُوّينا عن آدَمَ، فقَد رَواه أبو النَّضرِ عن شُعبَةَ عن حُمَيدٍ كما رُوّينا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٨١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٨٤٩)، وأبو داود (٢٣٧٣)، والترمذي (٧٧٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٢٥، ٣٢٢٦، ٣٢٢٨) من طريق يزيد به. وسيأتي في (٨٣٧٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٨٨)، والترمذي (٧٧٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٦٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٠٠ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٤٠). وعنده: سمعت ثابت البنانى يسأل أنس بن مالك. وفي فتح الباري: \"سئل\". قال: كذا في أكثر أصول البخاري (سئل) بضم أوله على البناء للمجهول، وفي رواية أبى الوقت \"سأل أنسًا\" وهذا غلط، فإن شعبة ما حضر سؤال ثابت لأنس. فتح الباري ٤/ ١٧٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٤٨٧).","vol":"9","page":11},{"text":"٨٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن المُواصَلَةِ والحِجامَةِ لِلصّائمِ؛ إبقاءً على أصحابِه، ولَم يُحَرِّمْهُما، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تواصِلُ. فقالَ: \"إنِّي أظَلُّ فيُطعِمُنِى (^١) رَبِّى ويَسقينِى\" (^٢).\n\n٨٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: إنَّما كُرِهَتِ الحِجامَةُ لِلصّائمِ مَخافَةَ الضَّعفِ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ وأبو عُبَيدِ بنُ المَحامِلِىِّ قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في القُبلَةِ لِلصّائمِ، والحِجامَةِ (^٤). قال علىٌّ: كُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ، وغَيرُ مُعتَمِرٍ يَرويه مَوقوفًا.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م: \"يطعمنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٢٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٣٧٤) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحح أبي داود (٢٠٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٧١) من طريق بندار به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٣. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٦٧) عن يعقوب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٣٧)، =","vol":"9","page":12},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٨٣٥٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ العَطّارُ الحِيرِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ داودَ السِّمْنانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ في الحِجامَةِ لِلصّائمِ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُعَدَّلُ أحمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عثمانَ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ خَلَفٍ البَزّارُ (^٣)، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤). قال علىٌّ: كُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ، ورَواه الأشجَعِىُّ أيضًا وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ.\nقال الشيخُ: إلَّا أنَّ الأشجَعِىَّ قال في حَديثِه: رُخِّصَ.\n_________\n= وابن خزيمة (١٩٦٨) من طريق المعتمر به.\n(^١) محمد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن جعفر العطار الوراق الحنفى الحيرى أبو بكر ابن أبي سعيد البغدادي الفقيه، فاضل، دين، مليح الشمائل، حدث عن أبي عمرو ابن مطر وأبى الحسن السليطى وغيرهما. توفى سنة (٤١٦ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٤١) عن إبراهيم به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٦٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في م: \"البزاز\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٢. قال الترمذي: حديث إسحاق الأزرق عن سفيان هذا خطأ. العلل الكبير عقب (٢١٥).","vol":"9","page":13},{"text":"٨٣٥٢ - أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنى علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ - قال: رُخِّصَ لِلصّائمِ في الحِجامَةِ والقُبلَةِ (^١).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي سعيدٍ:\n\n٨٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى هو الحِمّانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُفطِرُ مَن قاءَ، [ولا مَنِ احتَلَمَ، ولا مَنِ احتَجَم] (^٣) \" (^٤).\n\n٨٣٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أبو زَيدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال (^٥) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثٌ لا يُفطِرنَ الصّائمَ؛ القَئُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٦٩)، والدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٢ من طريق الأشجعي به.\n(^٢) في س: \"جزرة\".\n(^٣) في م: \"ولا من احتجم ولا من احتلم\". وينظر المهذب ٤/ ١٦٤١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٠٣٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. والخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ١٢٥ من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٤، م.","vol":"9","page":14},{"text":"والحِجامَةُ، والحُلُمُ\" (^١). كَذا رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\nوالصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ وغَيرِه عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِه عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُفطِرُ مَن قاءَ، [ولا مَنِ احتَجَمَ، ولا مَنِ احتَلَمَ] (^٣) \".\n\n٨٣٥٥ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن الثَّورِىِّ نَحوُ رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدٍ. ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ.\nورُوّينا في الرُّخصَةِ في ذَلِكَ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ مَسعودٍ، وعَبدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ، وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، والحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ، وزَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، وعائشَةَ بنتِ الصِّدّيقِ، وأُمِّ سلمةَ ﵃ أجمَعينَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1861>بابُ الحديثِ الذِى رُوِىَ في الإفطارِ بالحِجامَةِ</span>\nقال البخاريُّ: قال لِى عَيّاشٌ: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مَرفوعًا قال: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\". قيلَ له: عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١١٣).\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (١٢١٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"ولا من احتلم ولا من احتجم\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٥٣٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وتقدم في (٨١١٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٩٤٠٢، ٩٤٠٤، ٩٤٠٦، ٩٤١٠، ٩٤٢٠، ٤٩٠٩)، وشرح السنة للبغوى ٦/ ٣٠٠، ٣٠١.","vol":"9","page":15},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٣٥٦ - أَخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عَيّاشٌ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الأعلَى، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٨٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن الحَسَنِ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٢).\nقال علىٌّ: رَواه يونُسُ عن الحَسَنِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣)، ورَواه قَتادَةُ عن الحَسَنِ عن ثَوبانَ (^٤)، ورَواه عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ عن الحَسَنِ عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٥)، ورَواه مَطَرٌ عن الحَسَنِ عن عليٍّ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ورَواه أشعَثُ عن الحَسَنِ عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَه أيضًا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ (^٧):\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب حديث (١٩٣٧).\n(^٢) ابن المديني عقب (٦٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٧١) من طريق المعتمر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٧٢) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٨٤) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٦٦) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٦٤) من طريق مطر به.\n(^٧) العلل لابن المديني (٦٧).","vol":"9","page":16},{"text":"٨٣٥٨ - حَدَّثَناه أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو قِلابَةَ الجَرْمِىُّ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنِى أبو أسماءَ الرَّحَبِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ثَوبانُ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في ثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ، فإذا رَجُلٌ يَحتَجِمُ بالبَقيعِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّحوِىُّ وهِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الدَّسْتُوائىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٢٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٦٥) من طريق الأشعث به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٦٨: والحسن مدلس، وقيل: لم يسمع من أسامة.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحرمى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٤٩١، ٤٩٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤١٠) عن أبي المغيرة به. وابن خزيمة (١٩٦٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٣٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٣٧١)، وابن ماجه (١٦٨٠) من طريق شيبان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٧) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧٨).","vol":"9","page":17},{"text":"وخالَفَهُم مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ؛ فرَواه عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قارِظٍ عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ [قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ] (^١) - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\".\n\n٨٣٦٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ وحَمْدانُ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قارِظٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٣٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى:\n\n٨٣٦٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عن النبي\".\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"أبو الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٩٨.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٥٢٣). ومن طريقه الترمذي (٧٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٦٤)، وابن حبان (٣٥٣٥). وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":18},{"text":"أبى كَثيرٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^١). وكأنَّ يَحيَى بنَ أبى كَثيرٍ رَوَى الحديثَ بالإسنادَينِ جَميعًا.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ:\n\n٨٣٦٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتَى على رَجُلٍ بالبَقيعِ وهو يَحتَجِمُ، وهو آخِذٌ بيَدِى لِثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ، فقالَ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ بإِسنادِ أيُّوبَ مِثلَه (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ورَواه أيضًا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ (^٤) عن شَدّادٍ، وكأنَّ أبا قِلابَةَ سَمِعَ الحديثَ مِنَ الرَّجُلَينِ (^٥) جَميعًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٩٦٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٢٨ من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٨، وأبو داود (٢٣٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٤١) من طريق أيوب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٢٣٦٩). وسيأتي في (٨٣٧٣).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"عن أبي أسماء\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الوجهين\".\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٥٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٤٩، ٣١٥٠، ٣١٥١)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٢٨، ٤٢٩ عن عاصم الأحول به.","vol":"9","page":19},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن عاصِمٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن أبي أسماءَ عن شَدّادٍ:\n\n٨٣٦٤ - أَخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ وهو أبو قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِىِّ، عن أبي أسماءَ الرَّحَبِىِّ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: مَرَرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في ثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَت مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فأَبصَرَ رَجُلًا يَحتَجِمُ فقالَ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الأزهَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: ما أرَى الحديثَينِ (^٢) إلَّا صَحيحَينِ، وقَد يُمكِنُ أن يَكونَ أبو أسماءَ سَمِعَه مِنهُما (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي أسماءَ عن ثَوبانَ:\n\n٨٣٦٥ - حَدَّثَناه أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ قِراءَةً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٤٧) من طريق يزيد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٤٨)، وابن حبان (٣٥٣٣) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) ويعنى بالحديثين، حديث أبى أسماء عن ثوبان وتقدم في (٨٣٥٩)، والحديث الآخر حديث أبى أسماء عن شداد.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٩.","vol":"9","page":20},{"text":"محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو المُهَلَّبِ راشِدُ بنُ داودَ الصَّنعانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أسماءَ الرَّحَبِىُّ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بالبَقيعِ على رَجُلٍ يَحتَجِمُ، لِثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ أو لِستَّ عَشْرَةَ مِن رَمَضانَ، فقال: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^١).\nورَواه العَلاءُ بنُ الحارِثِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ ثَوبانَ عن مَكحولٍ عن أبي أسماءَ عن ثَوبانَ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٦٦ - ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن مَكحولٍ، أنَّ شَيخًا مِنَ الحَىِّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ ثَوبانَ مَولَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَه، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ وعَبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى مَكحولٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوروِىَ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٣٦٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ وأبو صالِحٍ المَروَزِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٦) من طريق مروان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٥) عن العلاء بن الحارث عن مكحول به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٠٨، ٣٥١٨) عن عبد الرحمن بن ثوبان عن مكحول به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣٧٠)، وأحمد (٢٢٤٣١)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٥٢٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٠٧٧).","vol":"9","page":21},{"text":"زاجٌ قالا: حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ،\nعن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ وهو يَحتَجِمُ لَيلًا في رَمَضانَ فقُلتُ: ألا كان هَذا نَهارًا؟ قال: تأمُرُنِى أن أُهَريقَ دَمِى وأَنا صائمٌ، وقَد سَمِعتُ رسول اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ؟! \" (^١). كَذا رَواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ. ورَواه عبدُ الأعلَى عن سعيدٍ عن بَعضِ أصحابِه عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبي موسَى مَرفوعًا (^٢). ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن مَطَرٍ عن بكرٍ عن أبي رافِعٍ عن أبي موسَى مَوقوفًا (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ عن بكرٍ مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^٤).\nوروِىَ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٠٨)، وابن الجارود (٣٨٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٩٨ من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢١٠) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) لم نجد رواية شعبة عن مطر عن بكر، وعند النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٠٩) عن سعيد عن مطر عن بكر، وفى (٣٢١٣) عن شعبة عن قتادة عن بكر. ولعل الطريق الأولى هي المقصودة، فإن مدار الاختلاف على سعيد في روايته مرفوعًا وموقوفًا، فلعل \"شعبة\" صحفت عن \"سعيد\"، أو أن الرواية وقعت هكذا للبيهقي. فالله أعلم.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢١٤) من طريق حميد به.","vol":"9","page":22},{"text":"والمَحجومُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٣٦٩ - [وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا داودُ العَطّارُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال أبو هريرةَ. وقالَ: \"المُستَحجِمُ\". بَدَلَ: \"المَحجومُ\" (^٣).\nورَواه قَبيصَةُ عن فِطْرِ بنِ خَليفَةَ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٣٧٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثنى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدَّثنى قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا فِطرٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ] (^٢) \" (^٤). كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ (^٥) عن قَبيصةَ. ورَواه مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ عن قَبيصَةَ أنَّه حَدَّثَه مِن كِتابِه عن فِطرٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٨١) من طريق أبى حاتم الرازى به.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢/ ٣١٨)، وأبو يعلى (٦٣٦٥) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في الجامع (١٢٨٣) من طريق جعفر بن محمد بن شاكر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٩٤)، والطبراني (١١٢٨٦) عن عقبة بن قبيصة عن قبيصة به. والبزار (٤٩٧٠) عن حسين بن على بن جعفر الأحمر عن قبيصة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٦٩: ورجال البزار موثقون إلا أن فطر بن خليفة فيه كلام وهو ثقة.\n(^٦) رواية محمود بن غيلان عن قبيصة عن فطر لم أقف عليها، وهو عند النسائي (٣١٩٥) مرسلًا من طريق محمد بن يوسف عن مطر به. وعند الدارقطني في العلل ١١/ ١٠٧: أن روايته عن فطر عن عطاء مرسلًا عن غير قبيصة.","vol":"9","page":23},{"text":"وهو المَحفوظُ، وذِكرُ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه وَهْمٌ. ورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^١). ورَواه لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٢). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1862>بابٌ في ذِكرِ بَعضِ ما بَلَغَنا عن حُفّاظِ الحديثِ في تَصحيحِ هَذا الحَديثِ</span>\n\n٨٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، سَمِعتُ أبا حامِدٍ الشَّرْقِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ سعيدٍ النَّسَوِىَّ، يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ و(^٣) سُئلَ: أيُّما حَديثٍ أصَحُّ عِندَكَ في \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\"؟ فقالَ: حَديثُ ثَوبانَ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي أسماءَ عن ثَوبانَ. فقيلَ لأحمَدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ: فحَديثُ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ؟ قال: ذاكَ تَفَرَّدَ به مَعمَرٌ (^٤). قال أبو حامِدٍ: وقَد رَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٥).\nأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٨٧) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٩٠) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) في م: \"وقد\".\n(^٤) طبقات الحنابلة لابن أبي يعلى ١/ ٢٢٤، والمقصد الأرشد لابن مفلح ٢/ ٢٢٥ كلاهما في ترجمة على بن سعيد النسوى؛ وعندهما: فقال: إنما رواه عبد الرزاق. وليس فيه ذكر معمر. ورواية عبد الرزاق عن معمر تقدمت في (٨٣٦٠).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٦٢).","vol":"9","page":24},{"text":"التَّميمِىُّ (^١)، سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ عبدِ العَظيمِ العَنبَرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: لا أعلَمُ في: \"أفطَرَ (^٢) الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\". حَديثًا أصَحَّ مِن ذا (^٣). يَعنِى مِن حَديثِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَسَنِ أحمدَ بنَ محمدٍ العَنَزِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: قَد صَحَّ عِندِى حَديثُ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\". بحَديثِ ثَوبانَ وشَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ وأَقولُ به، وسَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ به، ويَذكُرُ أنَّه صَحَّ عِندَه حَديثُ ثَوبانَ وشَدّادٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عِصمَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: أحاديثُ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\"، و\"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" أحاديثُ يَشُدُّ بَعضُها بَعضًا، وأَنا أذهَبُ إلَيها (^٥).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"التيمى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٤٧٨، ٤٧٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٦٦، ١٦/ ٤٠٧، ٤٠٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"فطر\".\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (١٩٦٤).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى ٣/ ١١١٥.","vol":"9","page":25},{"text":"سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ سلَمةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ يقولُ لِحَديثِ شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ: هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ، وهَذا الحَديثُ صَحيحٌ بأَسانيدَ، وبِه نَقولُ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو (^٢) محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ قال: حَديثُ شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه رأى رَجُلًا يَحتَجِمُ في رَمَضانَ. رَواه عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن شَدّادٍ، ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي أسماءَ عن ثَوبانَ. ولا أرَى الحديثَينِ إلَّا صَحيحَينِ، فقَد يُمكِنُ أن يَكونَ سَمِعَه مِنهُما جَميعًا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قُلتُ لأحمَدَ يَعنِى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ: أىُّ حَديثٍ أصحُّ في: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\"؟ قال: حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن مَكحولٍ عن شَيخٍ مِنَ الحَىِّ عن ثَوبانَ (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، سَمِعتُ أبا عليٍّ الحافظَ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِعَبدانَ الأهوازِىِّ: يَصِحُّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو صائمٌ؟ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"ابن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٣٥.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٢٩. وتقدم في (٨٣٦٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٢٣٧١)، وحديث ابن جريج تقدم في (٨٣٦٦).","vol":"9","page":26},{"text":"عبَّاسًا (^١) العَنبَرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ: قَد صحَّ حَديثُ أبى رافِعٍ عن أبي موسَى أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٢). وبَلَغَنِى عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ قال: سألتُ أبا زُرعَةَ عن حَديثِ عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا، فقالَ: هو حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1863>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على نَسخِ الحَديثِ</span>\n\n٨٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ، فمَرَّ على رَجُلٍ لِثَمانَ عَشرَةَ أو لِسَبعَ عَشرَةَ مِن شهرِ (^٣) رَمَضانَ يَحتَجِمُ، فقالَ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٤).\n\n٨٣٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - زَمانَ الفَتحِ، فرأى رَجُلًا يَحتَجِمُ لِثَمانَ عَشرَةَ خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ، فقالَ وهو آخِذٌ بيَدِى: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"العباس\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٨) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٤٠)، واختلاف الحديث ص ١٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١١٢)، =","vol":"9","page":27},{"text":"٨٣٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ مُحرِمًا صائمًا. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وسَماعُ ابنِ عباسٍ (^١) عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ، ولَم يَكُنْ يَومَئذٍ مُحرِمًا، ولَم يَصحَبْه مُحرِمًا قَبلَ حَجَّةِ الإسلامِ، فذَكَرَ ابنُ عباسٍ حِجامَةَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الإسلامِ سنةَ عَشرٍ، وحَديثُ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٢) سنةَ ثَمانٍ قَبلَ حَجَّةِ الإسلامِ بسَنَتَينِ. فإِن كانا ثابِتَينِ فحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ ناسِخٌ، وحَديثُ: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" مَنسوخٌ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِسنادُ الحديثَينِ مَعًا مُشتَبِهٌ، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ أمثَلُهُما إسنادًا. فإِنْ تَوَقَّى رَجُلٌ الحِجامَةَ كان أحَبَّ إلَىَّ احتياطًا، ولَئلَّا يُعَرِّضَ صومَه أنْ يَضعُفَ فيُفطِرَ، فإِنِ احتَجَمَ فلا تُفَطِّرُه الحِجامَةُ، ومَعَ حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ القياسُ الَّذِى أحفَظُ عن بَعضِ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - والتّابِعينَ وعامَّةِ المَدَنيّينِ، أنَّه لا يُفطِرُ أحَدٌ بالحِجامَةِ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا\n_________\n= والنسائي في الكبرى (٣١٣٨، ٣١٥٠ - ٣١٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٣٤) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^١) كذا في النسخ ومعرفة السنن والسنن الصغرى والمهذب ٤/ ١٦٤٥. وفى اختلاف الحديث: \"أوس\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"لعله: ابن أوس، وبه يستقيم المعنى فليتأمل\".\n(^٢) أمامها في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: في الفتح\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٤١)، والسنن الصغرى (١٣٥٩)، واختلاف الحديث ص ١٩٧، ١٩٨. وتقدم في (٨٣٤٥).","vol":"9","page":28},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن ثابِتٍ البُنَانِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: أوَّلُ ما كُرِهَتِ الحِجامَةُ لِلصّائمِ، أنَّ جَعفَرَ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ احتَجَمَ وهو صائمٌ، فمَرَّ به النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أفطَرَ هَذانِ\". ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بَعدُ في الحِجامَةِ لِلصّائمِ، وكانَ أنَسٌ يَحتَجِمُ وهو صائمٌ. قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطنِىُّ: كُلُّهُم ثِقاتٌ ولا أعلَمُ له عِلَّةً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وحَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ بلَفظِ التَّرخيصِ يَدُلُّ على هَذا، فإِنَّ الأغلَبَ أنَّ التَّرخيصَ يَكونُ بَعدَ النَّهىِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٣٧٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ وهو يَحتَجِمُ عِندَ الحَجّامِ، وهو يَقرِضُ رَجُلًا (^٢) فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفطَرَ الحاجِمُ والمَحجومُ\" (^٣). قَولُه: وهو يَقرِضُ رَجُلًا. لَم أكتُبْه إلَّا في هَذا الحديثِ، وغَيرُ يَزيدَ رَواه عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ دونَ هذه\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٨٢. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٤٥: في خالد وعبد الله مقال، وإذا انفرد خالد بشيء عُدَّ منكرا.\n(^٢) يَقْرِض رجلا: أي: يغتابه، من القرض: القطع. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٤١، ونصب الراية ٢/ ٤٨٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٤٩). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٤١٧) من طريق أبى النضر به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٤٥ عن يزيد: تركه الدارقطني، وقال أبو حاتم: منكر الحديث.","vol":"9","page":29},{"text":"اللَّفظَةِ (^١). وأبو أسماءَ الرَّحَبِىُّ رَواه عن ثَوبانَ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَحتَجِمُ وهو صائمٌ ثُمَّ تَرَكَه بَعدُ، فكانَ يَحتَجِمُ باللَّيلِ، فلا أدرِى عن شَئٍ ذَكَرَه أو شَئٍ سَمِعَه؟ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ (^٤) وأبو عمرِو ابنُ العَلاءِ جَميعًا، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه كان يَحتَجِمُ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ عِندَ وقتِ الفِطرِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1864>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ مَضغَ العِلْكِ (^٦) لِلصّائمِ</span>\n\n٨٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ عيسَى، عن جَدَّتِه أنَّها سَمِعتَ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٣٧٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٣٥٩، ٨٣٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٢٩٨، وعبد الرزاق (٧٥٣٢)، وعنده: فلا أدرى أكرهه أم شيء بلغه. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٤٠٥) مختصرًا بنحوه من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"الغار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٢٥٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٦٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٤٠٦) من طريق هشام بن الغاز به بلفظ: \"يحتجم عند الليل وهو صائم\".\n(^٦) العلك: صمغ كاللُّبان يمضغ فلا ينماع، والجمع عُلُوك وأعلاك. التاج ٢٧/ ٢٨٣ (ع ل ك).","vol":"9","page":30},{"text":"لا يَمضَغُ العِلْكَ الصّائمُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: جَدَّتُه أُمُّ الرَّبيعِ، والحَديثُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1865>بابٌ: الصبىُّ لا يَلزَمُه فرضُ الصَّومِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ ولا المَجنونُ حَتَّى يُفيقَ</span>\n\n٨٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى: جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ علىٌّ بمَجنونَةِ بَنِى فُلانٍ قَد زَنَت وهِىَ تُرجَمُ، فقالَ علىٌّ لِعُمَرَ - ﵄ -: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أمَرتَ برَجمِ فُلانَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: أما تَذكُرُ قَولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثٍ: عن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ\"؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَمَرَ بها فخُلِّى عَنها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1866>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُسلِمُ في خِلالِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٣٨١ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢١/ ٢٧٣ من طريق المصنف به. وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٧٠) من وجه آخر عن أم حبيبة بنحوه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٠٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٠٠٣، ٣٠٤٨) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. وأبو داود (٤٤٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٣)، وابن حبان (١٤٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٤٦: رواه وكيع وجرير الضبى عن الأعمش ولم يفصح برفعه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٠١).","vol":"9","page":31},{"text":"العُكبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ وعَمِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُختارِ الرّازِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: قَدِمَ وفْدُنا مِن ثَقيفٍ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فضَرَبَ لَهُم قُبَّةً، وأَسلَموا في النِّصفِ مِن رَمَضانَ، فأَمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصاموا مِنه ما استَقبَلوا مِنه، ولَم يأمُرْهُم بقَضاءِ ما فاتَهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1867>بابُ الصّائمِ يُنَزِّهُ صيامَه عن اللَّغَطِ والمُشاتَمَةِ</span>\n\n٨٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الصّيامُ جُنَّةٌ (^٢)، فإِذا كان أحَدُكُم صائمًا، فلا يَرفُثْ (^٣) ولا يَجهَلْ (^٤)، فإِنِ امرُؤٌ قاتَلَه أو شاتَمَه، فليَقُلْ:\n_________\n(^١) معجم الصحابة للبغوى (١١٢٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٧٦٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٤٦: لم يصح هذا. وعند ابن ماجه: \"عطية بن سفيان\"، وقال ابن حجر في الإصابة ٤/ ٣٧٦: هو المحفوظ.\n(^٢) الجُنَّة: الوقاية: أي يقى صاحبه ما يؤذى من الشهوات. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) قال ابن عبد البر: الرفث في كلام العرب على وجهين أحدهما: الجماع، والآخر: الكلام القبيح والفحش في المقال. التمهيد ١٠/ ٢٤١.\n(^٤) لا يجهل: لا يفعل شيئًا من أفعال الجاهلية. عمدة القارى ١/ ٣٦٧.","vol":"9","page":32},{"text":"إنِّي صائمٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبَادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن أبي صالِحٍ الزَّيّاتِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ له إلَّا الصّيامَ فإِنَّه لِى وأَنا أجزِى بهِ، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، فإِذا كان يَومُ صَومِ أحَدِكُم فلا يَرفُثْ يَومَئذٍ، ولا يَسخَبْ (^٣)، فإِن سابَّه أحَدٌ أو قاتَلَه، فليَقُلْ: إنِّي امرُؤٌ صائمٌ. والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه، لَخُلُوفُ (^٤) فمِ الصّائمِ أطيَبُ عِندَ اللَّهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ، ولِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ يَفرَحُ بهِما؛ إذا أفطَرَ فرِحَ بفِطرِه، وإِذا لَقِىَ رَبَّه فرِحَ بصَومِه\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٣٣)، ومالك ١/ ٣١٠. ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٥٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٦٣) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٩٤)، ومسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٠).\n(^٣) السخب والصخب بمعنى الصياح. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"لخلوم\". والخلوف: تغير ريح الفم. النهاية ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٦٩) مختصرا، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٠) بذكر: \"الصوم جنة\" فحسب من طريق روح به. وابن حبان (٣٤٢٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":33},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ (^١). وفِي حَديثِ هِشامٍ في أوَّلِ الحديثِ: \"قال اللهُ: كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ له\".\n\n٨٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن لَم يَدَعْ قَولَ الزّورِ والعَمَلَ به والجَهلَ، فلَيسَ للهِ حاجَةٌ أن يَدَعَ طَعامَه وشَرابَه\". قال أحمدُ: فهِمتُ إسنادَه مِنِ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وأَفهَمَنِى الحديثَ رَجُلٌ إلَى جَنبِه أُراه ابنَ أخيهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ وآدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عَمِّه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ الصّيامُ (^٤) مِنَ الأكلِ والشُّربِ فقَط؛ إنَّما الصّيامُ مِنَ اللَّغوِ والرَّفَثِ، فإِن سابَّكَ أحَدٌ أو جَهِلَ عَلَيكَ، فقُلْ: إنِّي صائمٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٠٤)، ومسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٣٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨٣٩)، والترمذي (٧٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٦، ٣٢٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٦٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٩٥) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٠٣) عن آدم، وفى (٦٠٥٧) عن أحمد بن يونس.\n(^٤) في س: \"الصائم\".\n(^٥) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٦١)، وابن وهب في موطئه (٣١٣)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (١٩٩٦). وابن حبان (٣٤٧٩) من طريق الحارث به.","vol":"9","page":34},{"text":"٨٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو الطّيبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"رُبَّ قائمٍ حَظُّه مِن قيامِه السَّهَرُ، ورُبَّ صائمٍ حَظُّه مِن صيامِه الجوعُ والعَطَشُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن ابنِ أبي سَيفٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ ما لَم تَخرِقْه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1868>بابُ الشيخِ الكَبيرِ لا يُطيقُ الصَّومَ ويَقدِرُ على الكَفّارَةِ، يُفطِرُ ويَفتَدِى</span>\n\n٨٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٥٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٤٨١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وأحمد (٩٦٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٦٩٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٥٠) من طريق سعيد به بنحوه. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٧١): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٥٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٩٢) عن بحر بن نصر به. وأحمد (١٧٠١) من طريق جرير به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٥٤٢) من طريق ابن أبي سيف به.","vol":"9","page":35},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يَقرأُ: (وَعَلَى الَّذينَ يُطَوَّقونَه فِديَةٌ طَعامُ مِسكينٍ) (^١). فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَيسَت مَنسوخَةً؛ هو الشيخُ الكَبيرُ والمَرأَةُ الكَبيرَةُ لا يَستَطيعانِ أن يَصوما، فيُطعِما مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الصَّغانِىِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ﴾ (^٤) يَعنِى يَتَكَلَّفونَه ولا يَستَطيعونَه، طَعامُ مِسكينٍ ﴿فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا﴾ فأَطعَمَ مِسكينًا آخَرَ، ﴿فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ﴾ ولَيسَت مَنسوخَةً. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ولَم\n_________\n(^١) سورة البقرة: ١٨٤. وهي قراءة ابن عباس بخلاف عنه، وعائشة، وسعيد بن المسيب، وطاوس بخلاف عنه، وسعيد بن جبير، ومجاهد بخلاف عنه، وعكرمة، وأيوب السختيانى، وعطاء. وقرأ ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة أيضًا: \"يَطَّوَّقونه\"، و\"يَطَّيَّقونه\"، وقرأ ابن عباس أيضًا: \"يُطَيِّقونه\". المحتسب لابن جنى ١/ ١١٨، وينظر تفسير الطبري ٣/ ١٧١ - ١٧٣، وفتح الباري ٨/ ١٨٠، والبحر المحيط لأبي حيان ٢/ ٣٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣١٦) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به، وفيه: \"يطيقونه\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٠٥).\n(^٤) في م، ص ٤: \"يطوقونه\". وهما قراءتان مرويتان عن ابن عباس كما تقدم، وهما بمعنًى، والمثبت موافق لمصدر التخريج.","vol":"9","page":36},{"text":"يُرَخَّصْ في هَذا إلَّا لِلشَّيخِ الكَبيرِ الَّذِى لا يُطيقُ الصّيامَ، والمَريضِ الَّذِى عَلِمَ أنَّه لا يَشفَى (^١).\n\n٨٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَقرَؤها: (وَعَلَى الَّذينَ يُطَوَّقونَهُ (^٢». قال: هو الشيخ الكَبيرُ الَّذِى لا يَستَطيعُ الصّيامَ، فيُفطِرُ ويُطعِمُ نِصفَ صاعٍ (^٣) مَكانَ يَومٍ (^٤). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: نِصفَ صاعٍ مِن حِنطَةٍ.\nورُوِىَ عنه أنه قال: مُدًّا لِطَعامِه، ومُدًّا لإِدامِهِ (^٥).\n\n٨٣٩١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورِ بنِ أبي الجَهمِ الشَّيعِىُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا عَجَزَ الشيخُ الكَبيرُ عن الصّيامِ، أطعَمَ عن كُلِّ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٢٠، ٢٢١. وأخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ٣/ ١٧٤، ١٧٥ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٢) في تفسير الثوري، والدارقطني، ص ٤: \"يطيقونه\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"من حنطة\".\n(^٤) تفسير الثوري ص ٥٦، ٥٧، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٧٥٧٤)، والطبري ٣/ ١٧٢، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٦/ ١٨٤، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٥) إدامه: ما يؤكل مع الخبز أىَّ شيء كان. النهاية ١/ ٣١.\nوقد ذكر المصنف هذه الرواية في المعرفة عقب (٢٥٥٣).","vol":"9","page":37},{"text":"يَومٍ مُدًّا مُدًّا (^١).\n\n٨٣٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الفَقيهُ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رُخِّصَ لِلشَّيخِ الكَبيرِ أن يُفطِرَ ويُطعِمَ عن كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا، ولا قَضاءَ عَلَيه (^٢).\n\n٨٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أنَّ أبا حَمزَةَ حَدَّثَه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: مَن أدرَكَه الكِبَرُ فلَم يَستَطِعْ صيامَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فعَلَيه لِكُلِّ يَومٍ مُدٌّ مِن قَمحٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الوَكيلُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا سعيدٌ وهِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ أنَسًا ضَعُفَ عامًا قَبلَ مَوتِه فأَفطَرَ، وأَمَرَ أهلَه أن يُطعِموا مَكانَ كُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينًا. قال هِشامٌ في حَديثِه: فأَطعَمَ ثَلاثينَ مِسكينًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٠ وقال: صحيح على شرط البخاري. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٥ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ ص ٧١، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٨ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٧، ٢٠٨. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٦/ ١٨٨، والطبراني (٦٧٥) من طريق هشام وحده به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٦٤: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"9","page":38},{"text":"٨٣٩٥ - أخبَرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ قال: لَم يُطِقْ أنَسٌ صَومَ رَمَضانَ عامَ تُوُفِّىَ، وعَرَفَ أنَّه لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَقضيَه، فسألتُ ابنَه عُمَرَ بنَ أنَسٍ: ما فعَلَ أبو حَمزَةَ؟ فقالَ: جَفَّنّا له جِفانًا (^١) مِن خُبزٍ ولَحمٍ فأَطعَمْنا العِدَّةَ أو أكثَرَ. يَعنِى مِن ثَلاثينَ رَجُلًا لِكُلِّ يَومٍ رَجُلًا (^٢).\n\n٨٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَسعودٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسَ بنَ السّائبِ يقولُ: إنَّ شَهرَ رَمَضانَ يَفتَديه الإنسانُ أن يُطعَمَ عنه لِكُلِّ يَومٍ مِسكينٌ، فأَطعِمُوا عَنِّى مِسكينَينِ (^٣).\n\n٨٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ في قَولِه: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٤]. قال: هو الكَبيرُ الَّذِى كان يَصومُ\n_________\n(^١) جفنا له جفانا: أي اتخذنا طعامًا في الجفان - وهى القصاع - وجمعنا الناس عليه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٨٠، والتاج ٣٤/ ٣٥٩ (ج ف ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه إسماعيل بن جعفر (١١٢)، وعبد بن حميد - كما في تغليق التعليق ٤/ ١٧٧ - وابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٤/ ١٧٨ من طريق حميد به بنحوه. وليس عند إسماعيل: عام توفى. وعند عبد بن حميد: عن حميد عن أنس لم يذكر ابنه عمر.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه الطبراني (٩٢٩) من طريق محمد بن مسلم به، وعنده: \"مسكينًا\". بدلًا من: \"مسكينين\". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٦٤: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"9","page":39},{"text":"فيَعجِزُ، والمَرأَةُ الحُبلَى يَشُقُّ عَلَيها، فعَلَيهِما طَعامُ مِسكينٍ كُلَّ (^١) يَومٍ حَتَّى يَنقَضِىَ شَهرُ رَمَضانَ (^٢).\n\n٨٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي عمرٍو مَولًى لِعائشَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - كانَت تَقرأُ: (وَعَلَى الَّذينَ يُطَوَّقونَه فِديَةٌ) (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1869>بابُ السِّواكِ لِلصّائمِ</span>\n\n٨٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، أنَّ عاصِمَ بنَ [عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ] (^٤) حَدَّثَه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ العَدَوِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: ما أُحصِى ولا أعُدُّ ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَسَوَّكُ وهو صائمٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م، وتفسير الطبري: \"لكل\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه سفيان في تفسيره ص ٥٦، والطبري ٣/ ١٧١، وابن حزم في المحلى ٦/ ٤٠٢، وابن الجوزى في ناسخه ص ١٧٦، ١٧٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن حرملة به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق في مصنفه (٧٥٧٦)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ٧٠، ومن طريقه الطبري في تفسيره ٣/ ١٧٣ وعندهم بذكر القراءة فحسب.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: عاصم بن عبيد الله بن عاصم بن عمر\" اهـ. وهنا نسب عبيد الله إلى جده عمر.\n(^٥) ابن وهب (٢٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٨)، والترمذي (٧٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٠٧) من طريق الثوري به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"9","page":40},{"text":"٨٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ المُؤَدِّبُ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ خِصالِ الصّائمِ السِّواكُ\" (^١).\nمُجالِدٌ غَيرُه أثبَتُ مِنه (^٢)، وعاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n٨٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ [بنُ الحَسَنِ] (^٣) بنِ فِهرٍ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ مَيمونٍ البَلخِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ مَيمونٍ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الخَوارِزمِىُّ قاضِى خُوارِزمَ قَدِمَ عَلَينا أيّامَ عليِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٧٧) من طريق المؤدب به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٦٠٧): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف مجالد. . . وله شاهد من حديث عامر بن ربيعة، رواه البخاري وغيره.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليه في (٧٤٤٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: م، وبياض في س.\nوهو على بن الحسن بن محمد بن العباس بن فهر أبو الحسن الفهرى الفقيه المالكى، سمع من جماعة، وكان بمصر، وقد صنف \"فضائل مالك\" في اثنى عشر جزءًا. وسمع بالمشرق، سمع منه الدلائى والمهلب بن أبي صفرة وقال: لقيته بمصر ومكة، ولم ألق مثله. ذكره الذهبي فيمن توفى بين (٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ)، ثم أعاده فيمن توفى بين (٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ). وفى الوافى: كان موجودًا في حدود الأربعين والأربعمائة. تاريخ الإسلام: حوادث ووفيات سنة (٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٢ - حوادث ووفيات سنة (٤٢١ هـ - ٤٤٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٤، والوافى ٢٠/ ٢١٤.","vol":"9","page":41},{"text":"عيسَى قال: سألتُ عاصِمًا الأحوَلَ، فقُلتُ: أيَستاكُ الصّائمُ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقُلتُ: برَطْبِ السِّواكِ ويابِسِهِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أوَّلَ النَّهارِ وآخِرَهُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: عَمَّن؟ قال: عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١). فهَذا يَنفَرِدُ به أبو إسحاقَ (^٢) إبراهيمُ بنُ بَيْطارٍ، ويُقالُ: إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، قاضِى خُوارِزمَ حَدَّثَ ببَلخَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ بالمَناكيرِ، لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عنه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ أوَّلِ النَّهارِ وآخِرِهِ:\n\n٨٤٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَزدَكَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ واصِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَلَامٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سألتُ عاصِمًا الأحوَلَ عن السِّواكِ لِلصّائمِ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ به. فقُلتُ: برَطْبِ السِّواكِ ويابِسِهِ؟ فقالَ: أتُراه أشَدَّ رُطوبَةً مِنَ الماءِ؟ قُلتُ: عَمَّن؟ قال: عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤). قال أبو أحمدَ: إبراهيمُ هَذا عامَّةُ أحاديثِه غَيرُ مَحفوظَةٍ.\n\n٨٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٢ من طريق أبى إسحاق الخوارزمى به.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٤: \"بن\".\n(^٣) ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ١٠٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين ١/ ٢٨، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ١١، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٥، ٤/ ٤٨٩، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٤١.\n(^٤) الكامل ١/ ٢٥٩.","vol":"9","page":42},{"text":"أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي نَهيكٍ الأسَدِىِّ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ قال: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا أدأبَ سواكًا وهو صائمٌ مِن عُمَرَ. أُراه قال: بعودٍ قَد ذَوَى (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يَعنِى (^٢): يَبِسَ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن عبدِ (^٤) اللهِ بنِ نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَستاكُ وهو صائمٌ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1870>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ السِّواكَ بالعَشِىِّ إذا كان صائمًا لما يُستَحَبُّ مِن خُلُوفِ فمِ الصّائمِ</span>\n\n٨٤٠٥ - حدثنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ محمدٍ القُرَشِىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ في الرَّوضةِ قال: قَرأتُ على أبى عليٍّ الرَّفّاءِ، قُلتُ له: أخبَرَكُم علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يقولُ اللهُ: الصَّومُ لِى وأَنا أجزِى به، يَدَعُ شَهوَتَه وأَكلَه وشُربَه مِن أجلِى، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، ولِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ: فرحَةٌ حينَ يُفطِرُ، وفَرحَةٌ حينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد ٣/ ٣٦٥، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٣٥)، والفسوى في المعرفة ٢/ ٦٤٢ من طريق أبى نهيك به. وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة والفسوى: \"أراه قال: بعود قد ذوى\". وعندهما \"أدوم\" بدل \"أدأب\".\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"قد\".\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٤) في س: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢١٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٤٨٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٢٤٢) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"9","page":43},{"text":"يَلقَى اللهَ، ولَخُلُوفُ فيه (^١) أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ (^٤) محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ (^٥) التَّميمِىُّ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ؛ قال العَلَوِىُّ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ المُقرِئُ: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ يُضاعَفُ الحَسَنَةُ عَشرُ أمثالِها إلَى سَبعِمِائَةِ ضِعفٍ. قال اللَّهُ ﷿: إلَّا الصَّومَ فإِنَّه لِى وأَنا أجزِى به، يَدَعُ طَعامَه وشَهوَتَه مِن أجلِى. لِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ: فرحَةٌ عِندَ فِطرِه، وفَرحَةٌ عِندَ لِقاءِ رَبِّه، ولَخُلُوفُ فيه أطيَبُ عِندَ اللَّهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ، الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ (^٧).\n\n٨٤٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فم الصائم\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١٨٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٤٩٢).\n(^٤) في س: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) في س، ص ٤، م: \"حشيش\" بالحاء المهملة. وتقدمت ترجمته في ١/ ١٧٥.\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٤٠) عن أبي القاسم. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٦٣٨) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٤).","vol":"9","page":44},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ سَليطٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ضرارُ بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ وأَبِى سعيدٍ قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: الصَّومُ لِى وأَنا أجزِى به. ولِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ: إذا أفطَرَ فرِحَ، وإِذا لَقِىَ رَبَّه فجَزاه فرِحَ، ولَخُلوفُ فمِ الصّائمِ أطيَبُ عِندَ اللَّهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ سَليطٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن كَيسانَ أبى عُمَرَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ بلالٍ مَولاه وكانَ قَد شَهِدَ مَعَ عليٍّ صِفّينَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لا يَستاكُ الصّائمُ بالعَشِىِّ، ولَكِن باللَّيلِ؛ فإِنَّ يُبوسَ شَفَتَىِ الصّائمِ نورٌ بَينَ عَينَيه يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو الطّيبِ المُظَفَّرُ بنُ سَهلٍ الخَليلُ (^٤)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أيّوبَ بنِ حَسّانَ الواسِطِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا سألَ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ، فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، فيما يَرويه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عن رَبِّه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٠) من طريق ضرار بن مرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى (٢٠٣٧). وأخرجه الدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (١٩٣٣) عن الدورى به.\n(^٤) كذا هنا، وسيأتي في (٨٥٨٥) وفيه: \"الخليلى\". ومثله في الشعب.","vol":"9","page":45},{"text":"﷿: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ له إلَّا الصَّومَ فإِنَّه لِى وأَنا أجزِى به\"؟. فقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: هَذا مِن أجوَدِ الأحاديثِ وأَحكَمِها؛ إذا كان يَومُ القيامَةِ يُحاسِبُ اللَّهُ ﷿ عبدَه ويُؤَدِّى ما عَلَيه مِنَ المَظالِمِ مِن سائرِ عَمَلِه حَتَّى لا يَبقَى إلَّا الصَّومُ، فيَتَحَمَّلُ اللهُ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِنَ المَظالِمِ ويُدخِلُه بالصَّومِ الجَنَّةَ (^١).\n\n٨٤١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو خُراسانَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ السَّكَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ القَصّابُ كَيسانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: إذا صُمتُم فاستاكوا بالغَداةِ، ولا تَستاكوا بالعَشِىِّ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ مِن صائمٍ تَيبَسُ شَفَتاه بالعَشِىِّ إلَّا كانَتا نورًا بَينَ عَينَيه يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٢).\n\n٨٤١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو خُراسانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا كَيسانُ أبو عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن خَبّابٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣). قال علىٌّ: كَيسانُ أبو عُمَرَ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ، ومَن بَينَه وبَينَ عليٍّ غَيرُ مَعروفٍ.\n_________\n(^١) شعب الإيمان (٣٥٨٢).\nوهذه الرواية معلم عليها في الأصل من أولها: لا. . . وعلى آخرها: إلى. وكأن المصنف ضرب عليها، وستأتى مرة أخرى في (٨٥٨٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه الطبراني (٣٦٩٦) من طريق عبد الصمد بن النعمان به، وفيه: \"العطار\". بدلًا من: \"القصار\". وضعف إسناده ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٦٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه البزار (٢١٣٨)، والطبراني (٣٦٩٦) من طريق عبد الصمد به.","vol":"9","page":46},{"text":"٨٤١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الخَيّاطُ، حدثنا (^١) أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لَكَ السِّواكُ إلَى العَصرِ، فإِذا صَلَّيتَ العَصرَ فأَلقِه؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خُلُوفُ فمِ الصّائمِ أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1871>بابُ صيامِ التَّطَوُّعِ والخُروجِ مِنه قَبلَ تَمامِهِ</span>\n\n٨٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ بنتُ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: قال لِى (^٣) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ: \"يا عائشَةُ، هَل عِندَكِ شَئٌ؟ \". قالَت: قُلتُ: لا واللَّهِ ما عِندَنا شَئٌ. قال: \"إنِّي صائمٌ\". قالَت: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأُهديَت لَنا هَديَّةٌ أو جاءَنا زَوْرٌ (^٤)، فلَمّا رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أُهديَت لَنا هَديَّةٌ أو جاءَنا زَوْرٌ وقَد خَبَأْتُ لَكَ شَيئًا. قال: \"ما هوَ؟ \". قُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: الأصل، ص ٤، وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٣. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٥١: عمر واه.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) الزور: الزائر، وهو في الأصل مصدرٌ وُضع موضع الاسم كصوم ونوم بمعنى صائم ونائم، وقد يكون جمع زائر كراكب وركب. النهاية ٢/ ٣١٨.","vol":"9","page":47},{"text":"حَيسٌ (^١). قال: \"هاتيه\". فجِئتُ به فأَكَلَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"قَد كُنتُ أصبَحتُ صائمًا\" (^٢). قالَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ: لَفظُ العَقَدِىِّ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىِّ، وزادَ فيه: قال طَلحَةُ: فحَدَّثتُ مُجاهِدًا بهَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: ذاكَ بمَنزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يُخرِجُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن مالِه، فإِن شاءَ أمضاها وإِن شاءَ أمسَكَها (^٣).\n\n٨٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيينةَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن عَمَّتِه عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: إنّا خَبَأنا لَكَ حَيسًا. فقالَ: \"أما إنِّي كُنتُ أُريدُ الصَّومَ ولَكِن قَرِّبيه\" (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى. لَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُمُ القَضاءَ في هَذا الحَديثِ (^٥).\n\n٨٤١٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحيس: أخلاط من تمر وسمن وسويق وأقط، يجمع فيؤكل. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٤٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٢٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٥٥)، والترمذي (٧٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٣٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٢٨) من طريق طلحة بن يحيى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٥٤/ ١٦٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٥٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٨٦، ٢/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (١٨١٢) من طريق الأصم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٢٣٢٥ - ٢٣٢٧) من طريق يحيى ووكيع والقاسم بن معن عن طلحة بن يحيى به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢١٩٢ - ٢١٩٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":48},{"text":"حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ جَميلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن عَمَّتِه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: خَبَأنا لَكَ حَيسًا. فقالَ: \"إنِّي كُنتُ أُريدُ الصَّومَ، ولَكِن قَرِّبيه وأَقضِى يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^١).\nوكانَ أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ رَحِمَه اللهُ تَعالَى يَحمِلُ (^٢) في هَذا اللَّفظِ على محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العباسِ الباهِلِىِّ هَذا، ويَزعُمُ أنَّه لَم يَروِه بهَذا اللَّفظِ غَيرُه ولَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيه (^٣). ولَيسَ كَذَلِكَ؛ فقَد حَدَّثَ به ابنُ عُيَينَةَ في آخِرِ عُمُرِه، وهو عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ، غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ.\n\n٨٤١٦ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرْمَوِىُّ، حدثنا شافِعُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ سَلامَةَ، حدثنا المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ باللَّفظِ الَّذِى رَواه الرَّبيعُ، وزادَ في آخِرِه: \"سأصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه\". قال المُزَنِىُّ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ عامَّةَ مُجالَسَتِه (^٤) لا يَذكُرُ فيه: \"سأصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه\". ثُمَّ عَرَضتُه عَلَيه قَبلَ أن يَموتَ بسَنَةٍ، فأَجابَ فيه: \"سأصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَتُه عامَّةَ دَهرِه لِهَذا الحديثِ، لا يَذكُرُ فيه هَذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٧ من طريق محمد بن عمرو بن العباس به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٧.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"يحتمل\".\n(^٤) في م: \"مجالسه\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٦٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٠٩، والشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٢٩٦).","vol":"9","page":49},{"text":"اللَّفظَ مَعَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، لا يَذكُرُه مِنهُم أحَدٌ؛ مِنهُم سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ ووَكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ ويَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ وغَيرُهُم، تَدُلُّ على خَطأ هذه اللَّفظَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ، لَيسَ فيه هذه اللَّفظَةُ:\n\n٨٤١٧ - حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ، فقالَ: \"أعِندَكِ شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"إذن أصومَ\". قالَت: ودَخَلَ علىَّ يَومًا آخَرَ، فقالَ: \"أعِندَكِ شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"إذن أُفطِرَ، وإِن كُنتُ فرَضتُ الصَّومَ\" (^١). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n٨٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى؛ قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: أخبرَنِى، وقالَ القاضِى: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - آخَى بَينَ سَلمانَ وبَينَ أبى الدَّرداءِ. قال: فجاءَه سَلمانُ يَزورُه، فإِذا أُمُّ الدَّرداءِ [مُتَبَذِّلَةٌ، فقالَ: ما شأنُكِ يا أُمَّ الدَّرداءِ؟ (^٢) قالَت: إنَّ أخاكَ أبا الدَّرداءِ يَقومُ اللَّيلَ ويَصومُ النَّهارَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٣٥)، والطيالسى (١٦٥٥). ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٧٥.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٤.","vol":"9","page":50},{"text":"ولَيسَ له في شَئٍ مِنَ الدُّنيا حاجَةٌ. فجاءَ أبو الدَّرداءِ فرَحَّبَ به وقَرَّبَ إلَيه طَعامًا، فقالَ له سَلمانُ: اطْعَمْ. قال: إنِّي صائمٌ. قال: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَتُفْطِرَنَّه. قال: ما أنا بآكِلٍ حَتَّى تأكُلَ. فأَكَلَ مَعَه، ثُمَّ باتَ عِندَه فلَمّا كان مِنَ اللَّيلِ أرادَ أبو الدَّرداءِ أن يَقومَ فمَنَعَه سَلمانُ، وقالَ له: يا أبا الدَّرداءِ إن لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا، ولِرَبِّكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا، ولأهلِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا، صُمْ وأَفطِرْ، وصَلِّ وأْتِ أهلَكَ، وأَعطِ كُلَّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقَّه. فلَمّا كان في وجه الصُّبحِ قال: قُمِ الآنَ إن شِئتَ. قال: فقاما فتَوَضّآ ثُمَّ رَكَعا ثُمَّ خَرَجا إلَى الصَّلاةِ، فدَنا أبو الدَّرداءِ ليُخْبِرَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِى أمَرَه سَلمانُ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا الدَّرداءِ، إنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا مِثلَ ما قال لَكَ (^١) سَلمانُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن جوَيريَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وأَنا صائمَةٌ، فقالَ: \"صُمتِ أمسِ؟ \"\n_________\n= ومتبذلة: أي لابسة ثياب البِذلة، وهى المهنة وزنا ومعنى، والمراد أنها تاركة للبس ثياب الزينة. فتح الباري ٤/ ٢١٠.\n(^١) في س: \"له\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٤١٣)، وعنده: \"متبتلة\". بدلًا من: \"متبذلة\"، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٣٢٠) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٦٨).","vol":"9","page":51},{"text":"قالَت: لا. قال: \"تَصومينَ غَدًا؟ \" قالَت: لا. قال: \"فأَفطِرِى\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو ذَرٍّ (^٣) محمدُ بنُ أبى (^٤) الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَملِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ أبي صَغيرَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاستَسقَى فشَرِبَ فناوَلَنِى سُؤرَه (^٥) وأَنا صائمَةٌ، فشَرِبتُ سُؤرَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ فعَلتُ شَيئًا لا أدرِى أصَبتُ أم أخطأتُ؟! ناوَلتَنِى سُؤرَكَ وأَنا صائمَةٌ، فكَرِهتُ أن أرُدَّ سُؤرَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: \"أمُتَطَوِّعَةٌ أم قَضاءٌ مِن رَمَضانَ؟ \". قُلتُ: مُتَطَوِّعَةٌ. قال: \"المُتَطَوِّعُ بالخيارِ إن شاءَ صامَ، وإن شاءَ أفطَرَ\" (^٦).\n\n٨٤٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِى، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى القاضِي،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٥٥٧) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (٢٦٧٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٨٥٦٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٨٦).\n(^٣) في س: \"بكر\"، وفى ص ٤: \"داود\". وتقدم في (٤١٠٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٥) سؤره: السؤر بالضم: البقية من كل شيء والفضلة. التاج ١١/ ٤٨٣ (س أ ر).\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٠٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبي الحجاج به.","vol":"9","page":52},{"text":"حدثنا أبو يونُسَ حاتِمُ بنُ أبى صَغيرَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ - ﵂ - أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"الصّائمُ المُتَطَوِّعُ أميرُ نَفسِه إن شاءَ صامَ، وإن شاءَ أفطَرَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ (^٢) ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن ابنِ ابنِ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، عن جَدَّتِه أنَّه سَمِعَه مِنها قالَت: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بشَرابٍ يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ ناوَلَنِى فشَرِبتُ وكُنتُ صائمَةً فكَرِهتُ أن أرُدَّ فضلَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، [فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ صائمَةً فكَرِهتُ أن أرُدَّ فضلَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -] (^٣). فقالَ لَها: \"أكُنتِ تَقضينَ عَنكِ شَيئًا؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فلا يَضُرُّكِ\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى الوَليدِ قال: عن هارونَ بنِ ابنِ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ، زَعَمَ أنَّه سَمِعَه مِنها أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لَها: \"أكُنتِ تَقضينَ عَنكِ شَيئًا؟ \". قالَت: لا. قال: \"فلا يَضُرُّكِ\" (^٤). قال أبو الوَليدِ: حدثنا حَديثَ سِماكٍ مِن كِتابِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٨٥) عن صفوان به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٥٣: رواه خالد بن الحارث عن حاتم فأرسله، قال النسائي: وأبو صالح هو صاحب الكلبى، ضعيف، روى عنه أنه قال في مرضه: كل شيء حدثتكم به فهو كذب.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"سعد\".\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٠٤) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وفيه: \"عن ابن أم هانئ\". وأحمد (٢٧٣٨٤) =","vol":"9","page":53},{"text":"٨٤٢٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا جَعدَةُ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ وهو ابنُ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، وكانَ سِماكُ بنُ حربٍ يُحَدِّثُه فيَقولُ: أخبرَنِى ابنا أُمِّ هانِئٍ. قال شُعبَةُ: فلَقيتُ أنا أفضَلَهُما جَعدَةَ فحَدَّثَنِى، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها فناوَلَته شَرابًا فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ ناوَلَها فشَرِبَت، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كُنتُ صائمَةً. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الصّائمُ المُتَطَوِّعُ أمينُ، أو أميرُ، نَفسِه إن شاءَ صامَ، وإن شاءَ أفطَرَ\". قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لِجَعدَةَ: أسَمِعتَه أنتَ مِن أُمِّ هانِئٍ؟ قال: أخبرَنِى أهلُنا وأبو صالِحٍ مَولَى أُمِّ هانِئٍ عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ (^١).\n\n٨٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ قالَت: لَمّا كان يَومُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ جاءَت فاطِمَةُ فجَلَسَت عن يَسارِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأُمُّ هانِئٍ عن يَمينِه. قال: فجاءَتِ الوَليدَةُ بإِناءٍ فيه شَرابٌ فناوَلَته فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ ناوَلَه (^٢) أُمَّ هانِئٍ فشَرِبَت مِنه، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَقَد أفطَرتُ وكُنتُ صائمَةً. فقالَ لَها:\n_________\n= من طريق سماك بن حرب به. وفيه: عن هارون ابن بنت أم هانئ أو ابن أم هانئ عن أم هانئ.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٦٣)، والطيالسى (١٧٢٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٨٩٣)، والترمذي (٧٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٠٣). وقال الترمذي: وحديث أم هانئ في إسناده مقال، والعمل عليه عند بعض أهل العلم. وفى نسخ المهذب ٤/ ١٦٥٣ في الحاشية: مما يوهن الخبر أنها يوم الفتح لا يجوز لها أن تكون متطوعة؛ لأنها كانت في شهر رمضان قطعا.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"ناولته\".","vol":"9","page":54},{"text":"\"أكُنتِ تَقضينَ شَيئًا؟ \". قالَت: لا. قال: \"فلا يَضُرُّكِ إن كان تَطَوُّعًا\" (^١).\n\n٨٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ يَعنى ابنَ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: إذا أصبَحتَ وأَنتَ تَنوِى الصّيامَ فأَنتَ بأحَدِ النَّظَرَينِ، إن شِئتَ صُمتَ، وإِن شِئتَ أفطَرْتَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يُفطِرَ الإنسانُ في صيامِ التَّطَوُّعِ، ويَضرِبُ لِذَلِكَ أمثالًا: رَجُلٌ طافَ سَبعًا ولَم يُوفِه فلَه أجرُ ما احتَسَبَ، أو صَلَّى رَكعَةً ولَم يُصَلِّ أُخرَى فلَه أجرُ ما احتَسَبَ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ لا يَرَى بالإِفطارِ في صيامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بأسًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٤٥٦). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٧٧٧) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٧٠) من طريق أبى الأحوص به بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٦٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٨٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٦٧) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٦٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٨٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٦٩) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":55},{"text":"٨٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بالإفطارِ في صيامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بأسًا (^١).\n\n٨٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: الصّائمُ بالخيارِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ نِصفِ النَّهارِ (^٢).\nوَرُوِىَ هَذا مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَرفوعًا ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه:\n\n٨٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهيارَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا عَونُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ أبو عُبَيدَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الصّائمُ بالخيارِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ نِصفِ النَّهارِ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٤٣١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، أخبرَنا عَونُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عَونُ بنُ عُمارَةَ الغَبرىُّ (^٥) وهو ضَعيفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٦٧)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٨٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧٧١) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٦٧) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه القطيعى في جزء الألف دينار (٢٧٨)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٥/ ٢٥٢ من طريق عون بن عمارة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٩٥٤) من طريق جعفر بن الزبير به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٥٤: وجعفر متروك.\n(^٥) كذا في الأصل، وفى س، ص ٤، م: \"العنبرى\". وهو عون بن عمارة القيسى العبدى، أبو محمد =","vol":"9","page":56},{"text":"٨٤٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا سَريعُ بنُ نَبهانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ خَليلِى أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الصّائمُ في التَّطَوُّعِ بالخيارِ إلَى نِصفِ النَّهارِ\".\n\n٨٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه. إبراهيمُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ وسَريعُ بنُ نَبهانَ مَجهولانِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1872>بابُ التَّخييرِ في القَضاءِ إن كان صَومُه تَطَوُّعًا</span>\n\n٨٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن هارونَ بنِ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ بنتِ أبى طالِبٍ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فدَعَوتُ له بشَرابٍ فشَرِبَ، أو قالَت: دَعا بشَرابٍ فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ ناوَلَنِى فشَرِبتُ، وقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ صائمَةً ولَكِنِّى كَرِهتُ أن أرُدَّ سُؤرَكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن كان قَضاءً مِن\n_________\n= البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٤٦١، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٣٣٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ١٥٤. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٩٠: ضعيف.\n(^١) قال ابن حجر في لسان الميزان ٣/ ١٢ في ترجمة سريع بن عبد الله: روى حديثًا منقطعًا. مجهولٌ. انتهى. وأخرج البيهقي في الصيام من طريق إبراهيم بن مزاحم عن سريع بن نبهان عن أبي ذر حديثا في الصوم. وقال: سريع مجهول. فما أدرى أهو ذا أو غيره؟. اهـ. وينظر المغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٢٥٣.","vol":"9","page":57},{"text":"رَمَضانَ فصومِى يَومًا مَكانَه، وإِن كان تَطَوُّعًا فإِن شِئتِ فاقضِى، وإِن شِئتِ فلا تَقضِى\" (^١).\n\n٨٤٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عَمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البَرتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن هارونَ ابنِ بنتِ أُمِّ هانِئٍ، أوِ ابنِ ابنِ أُمِّ هانِئٍ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ فناوَلَنِى فضلَ شَرابِه فشَرِبتُه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ صائمَةً وإِنِّى كَرِهتُ أن أرُدَّ سُؤرَكَ. فقالَ: \"إن كان قَضاءً مِن رَمَضانَ فصومِى يَومًا مَكانَه، وإِن كان تَطَوُّعًا فإِن شِئتِ فاقضيه، وإِن شِئتِ فلا تَقضيه (^٢) \".\n\n٨٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمِ ابنُ أبي الفَضلِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السّامِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا أبو أوَيسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ أنَّه قال: صنَعتُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - طَعامًا فأَتانى هو وأصحابُه، فلَمّا وُضِعَ الطَّعامُ قال رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"دَعاكُم أخوكُم وتَكَلَّفَ لَكُم\". ثُمَّ قال له: \"أفطِرْ وصُمْ مَكانَه\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٧٢١). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٠٥) من طريق حماد به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٢١١: وقال النسائي: سماك ليس يعتمد عليه إذا تفرد. وقال ابن القطان: هارون لا يعرف.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تقضينه\". وفى الحاشية: \"لعلها: لا تقضينه. بنون التأكيد المشددة\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩١٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"9","page":58},{"text":"يَومًا إن شِئتَ\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قَد أخرَجناه في \"الخلاف\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1873>بابُ مَن رأى عَلَيه القَضاءَ</span>\n\n٨٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ عبيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ عائشةَ وحَفصَةَ أصبَحَتا صائمَتَينِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَينِ، فأُهدِىَ لَهُما طَعامٌ فأَفطَرَتا عَلَيه، فدَخَلَ عَلَيهِما النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -. قالَت عائشَةُ: فقالَت حَفصةُ - وبَدَرَتنِى بالكَلامِ، وكانَتِ ابنَةَ أبيها (^٣) -: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي أصبَحتُ أنا وعائشَةُ صائمَتَينِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَينِ، وأُهدِىَ لَنا طَعامٌ فأَفطَرْنا عَلَيه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقضيا مَكانَه يَومًا آخَرَ\" (^٤). هَذا حَديثٌ رَواه الثِّقاتُ الحُفّاظُ مِن أصحابِ الزُّهرِىِّ عنه مُنقَطِعًا؛ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبد الرحمن السلمى في آداب الصحبة (١٦٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٢٤٠) من طريق محمد بن المنكدر به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٥٥: أبو أويس لين، وما أعرف محمد بن المنكدر سمع من أبى سعيد.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الخلافيات\". ولم يوجد في المطبوع منه.\n(^٣) وكانت ابنة أبيها: تعنى: على خصال أبيها؛ أي: جريئة كأبيها. تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ٥٠.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٢٨٦)، ومالك في الموطأ ١/ ٣٠٦ برواية يحيى بن يحيى الليثي. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٨) من طريق مالك به.","vol":"9","page":59},{"text":"ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ وبَكرُ بنُ وائلٍ وغَيرُهُم (^١).\n\n٨٤٣٨ - وقَد حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٢) اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنتُ أنا وحَفصَةُ صائمَتَينِ فعَرَضَ لَنا طَعامٌ فاشتَهَيناه فأَكَلناه، فدَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فبَدَرَتنِى حَفصةُ - وكانَتِ ابنَةَ أبيها - فقَصَّت عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقضيا يَومًا آخَرَ\" (^٣). هَكَذا رَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ وصالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ وسُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وقَد وَهِموا فيه عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٣٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابن جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قُلتُ له: أحَدَّثَكَ عُروَةُ عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: أصبَحتُ أنا وحَفصةُ صائمَتَينِ؟ فقالَ: لَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٦) من طريق معمر به. وفى (٣٢٩٧) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به. وذكره العقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٨٣ عن بكر بن وائل به. وستأتى رواية ابن جريج ويحيى بن سعيد وسفيان قريبًا.\n(^٢) في س: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٦٧)، والترمذي (٧٣٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩١) من طريق جعفر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (١١٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٢) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به.","vol":"9","page":60},{"text":"أسمَعْ مِن عُروةَ في هَذا شَيئًا ولَكِنْ (^١) حَدَّثَنِى ناسٌ في خِلافَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن بَعضِ مَن كان يَدخُلُ على عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: أصبَحتُ أنا وحَفصَةُ صائمَتَينِ فأُهدِىَ لَنا هَديَةٌ فأَكَلناها، فدَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فبَدَرَتنِى حَفصَةُ، وكانَتِ ابنَةَ أبيها، فذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"اقضيا يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأبّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الجَوّازُ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعناه مِن صالِحِ بنِ أبي الأخضَرِ (^٤)، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أصبَحتُ أنا وحَفصةُ صائمَتَينِ فأُهدِىَ لَنا طَعامٌ، والطَّعامُ مَحروصٌ (^٥) عَلَيه فأَكَلنا مِنه، ودَخَلَ عَلَينا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فابتَدَرَتنِى حَفصَةُ، وكانَت بنتَ أبيها، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ أصبَحنا صائمَتَينِ فأُهدِىَ لَنا طَعامٌ فأَكَلنا مِنه. فتَبَسَّمَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"صوما يَومًا مَكانَه\". قال سفيانُ: فسألوا الزُّهرِىَّ وأَنا شاهِدٌ، فقالوا: هو عن عُروةَ؟ قال: لا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ولكنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (٧٣٥) من طريق روح به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٧٩١). وأخرجه الشافعي ١/ ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦ عن مسلم به.\n(^٤) في س: \"الأحوص\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٨.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٤: \"معروض\". ومحروص: اسم مفعول من الحرص، وهو شدة الإرادة والشره إلى المطلوب. ينظر التاج ١٧/ ٥١٠ (ح ر ص).\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٣) عن محمد بن منصور به.","vol":"9","page":61},{"text":"٨٤٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ. فذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ مُرسَلًا. قال سفيانُ: فقيلَ لِلزُّهرِىِّ: هو عن عُروةَ؟ قال: لا، وكانَ ذَلِكَ عِندَ قيامِه مِنَ المَجلِسِ وأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ. قال سفيانُ: وقَد كُنتُ سَمِعتُ صالِحَ بنَ أبى الأخضَرِ حَدَّثَناه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: لَيسَ هو عن عُروةَ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّ صالِحًا أُتِىَ مِن قِبَلِ العَرْضِ. قال أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ: أخبرَنى غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن مَعمَرٍ أنَّه قال في هَذا الحديثِ: لَو كان مِن حَديثِ عُروةَ ما نَسيتُه (^١).\nفهَذانِ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ شَهِدا على الزُّهرِىِّ - وهُما شاهِدا عَدلٍ - بأَنَّه لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عُروَةَ. فكَيفَ يَصِحُّ وصلُ مَن وصَلَه؟ قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سألتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن هَذا الحديثِ؟ فقالَ: لا يَصِحُّ حَديثُ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ واحتَجَّ بحِكايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وسُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ وبِإِرسالِ مَن أرسَلَ الحديثَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦٨/ ١١٨ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به. وهو في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٤٠، ٧٤١.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير ص ١١٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٩)، وابن حبان (٣٥١٧) من طريق جرير به.","vol":"9","page":62},{"text":"وَجَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ وإِن كان مِنَ الثِّقاتِ فهو واهِمٌ فيه، وقَد خَطّأه في ذَلِكَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، والمَحفوظُ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عائشةَ مُرسَلًا.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بُندارٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ بُجَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ الأثرَمَ يقولُ: قُلتُ لأبِى عبدِ اللهِ يَعنى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ: تَحفَظُه عن يَحيَى، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ: أصبَحتُ أنا وحَفصةُ صائمَتَينِ؟ فأَنكَرَه، وقالَ: مَن رَواهُ؟ قُلتُ: جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ. فقالَ: جَريرٌ كان يُحَدِّثُ بالتَّوَهُّمِ.\n\n٨٤٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ مُظَفَّرٍ (^١) الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ موسَى الخَلَّالُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ: يا أبا الحَسَنِ تَحفَظُ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أصبَحتُ أنا وحَفصَةُ صائمَتَينِ؟ فقالَ لِى: مَن (^٢) هَذا؟ قُلتُ: ابنُ وهبٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. قال: فضَحِكَ، ثُمَّ قال: مِثلُكَ يقولُ مِثلَ هَذا؟! حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّ عائشةَ وحَفصَةَ أصبَحَتا صائمَتَينِ.\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n٨٤٤٣ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"مطرف\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"روى\". وينظر المهذب ٤/ ١٦٥٦.","vol":"9","page":63},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيوَةُ وعُمَرُ بنُ مالكٍ، عن ابنِ الهادِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى زُمَيلٌ (^١) مَولَى عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: أُهدِىَ لِي ولِحَفصَةَ طَعامٌ وكُنّا صَائمَتَينِ، فقالَت إحداهُما لِصاحِبَتِها: هَل لَكِ أن تُفطِرِى؟ قالَت: نَعَم. فأَفطَرَتا ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَتا له: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنّا أُهدِىَ لَنا هَديَّةٌ فاشتَهَيناه فأَفطَرنا. فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُما، صوما يَومًا (^٢) آخَرَ مَكانَه\" (^٣). أقامَ إسنادَه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وقالَ بَعضُهُم: عن أبي زُمَيلٍ. ولَم يَذكُرْ بَعضُهُم عُروةَ في إسنادِهِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: زُمَيلُ بنُ عبّاسٍ عن عُروةَ، رَوَى عنه ابنُ الهادِ، لا يُعرَفُ لِزُمَيلٍ (^٤) سَماعٌ مِن عُروةَ، ولا لابنِ الهادِ مِن زُمَيلٍ، ولا تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ. سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِىِّ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عائشةَ لا يَصِحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ، قَد بَيَّنتُ ضَعفَها في \"الخلاف\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"أو زَمِيل\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٩٠) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأبو داود (٢٤٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب عن حيوة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٣١).\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"له مثل\".\n(^٥) الكامل ٣/ ١٠٨٩، والتاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٥٠.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"الخلافيات\". ولم يوجد في المطبوع منه.","vol":"9","page":64},{"text":"٨٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عبّاسٍ قال: إذا أصبَحَ أحَدُكُم صائمًا فبَدا له أن يُفطِرَ فليَصُمْ يَومًا مَكانَه. أو قال: مَكانَه يَومًا. شَكَّ مِسعَرٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1874>بابُ النَّهىِ عن الوِصالِ في الصَّومِ</span>\n\n٨٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الوِصالِ. قالوا: إنَّكَ تواصِلُ. قال: \"إنِّي لَستُ كَهَيئَتِكُم، إنِّي (^٢) أُطعَمُ وأُسقَى\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٨٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩١٧٩) من طريق مسعر به مختصرا.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أبيت\"، وبعده في س: بياض.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٠٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٦٠) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٦٢)، ومسلم (١١٠٢/ ٥٥).","vol":"9","page":65},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ (^١) العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - واصَلَ في رَمَضانَ ونَهاهُم، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تواصِلُ. قال: \"إنِّي لَستُ مِثلَكُم، إنِّي أُطعَمُ وأُسقَى\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٤٧ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إيّاكُم والوِصالَ\". قالوا: فَإنَّك تواصِلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"إنِّي لَستُ في ذاكُم مِثلَكُم، إنِّي أبيتُ يُطعِمُنِى رَبِّى ويَسقينِى، فاكلَفُوا مِنَ العَمَلِ ما لَكُم به طاقَةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى زُرعَةَ والأعرَجِ وأَبِى صالِحٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: على بن عفان\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٧٥٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأحمد (٤٧٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٦٣) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٠٢/ ٥٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٤١)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٧٥٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٨١)، وابن حبان (٣٥٧٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٦٦)، ومسلم (١١٠٣/ ٥٨).","vol":"9","page":66},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الوِصالِ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ: فإِنَّكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ تواصِلُ. قال: \"وأَيُّكُم مِثلِى؟ إنِّي أبيتُ يُطعِمُنِى رَبِّى ويَسقينِى\". فلَمّا أبَوْا أن يَنتَهوا عن الوِصالِ، واصَلَ بهِم يَومًا ثُمَّ يَومًا، ثُمَّ رأوُا الهِلالَ فقالَ: \"لَو تأخَّرَ لَزِدتُكُم\". كالتَّنكيلِ بهِم (^١) حينَ أبَوْا أن يَنتَهُوا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - واصَلَ في آخِرِ الشَّهرِ فواصَلَ النّاسُ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لَو مُدَّ لَنا الشَّهرُ لَواصَلتُ وِصالًا يَدَعُ المُتَعَمِّقونَ (^٤) تَعَمُّقَهُم، إنَّكُم لَستُم كهَيئَتِى، إنِّي أبيتُ يُطعِمُنِى رَبِّى ويَسقينِى\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ [خالِدِ بنِ] (^٦) الحارِثِ عن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٦٤) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٦٥)، ومسلم (١١٠٣/ ٥٧).\n(^٤) المتعمقون: المبالغون في الأمر المتشددون فيه، الذين يطلبون أقصى غايته. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٧٠) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والبخاري (٧٢٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٧٠) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٦) في س: \"مالك عن\".","vol":"9","page":67},{"text":"حُمَيدٍ، وقالَ: في آخِرِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. وقالَ: \"إنِّي أظَلُّ يُطعِمُنِى رَبِّى ويَسقينِى\". وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ (^١).\n\n٨٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِشَامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: نَهاهُمُ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عن الوِصالِ رَحمَةً لَهُم. قالوا: إنَّكَ تواصِلُ. قال: \"إنِّي لَستُ كَهَيئَتِكُم، إنَّه يُطعِمُنِى رَبِّى ويَسقينِى\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبدَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعُثمانَ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٥١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَبّابٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تواصِلوا، فأَيُّكُم أرَادَ أن يواصِلَ فليواصِلْ حَتَّى السَّحَرِ\". قالوا: فإِنَّكَ تواصِلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"إنِّي لَستُ كَهَيئتِكُم، إنَّ لِى مُطعِمًا يُطعِمُنِى وساقٍ يَسقينِى\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٠٤/ ٦٠)، والبخاري (١٩٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٦٦) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٦٤)، ومسلم (١١٠٥/ ٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٥٥)، والبخاري (١٩٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٧٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٧٧) من طريق ابن الهاد به.","vol":"9","page":68},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1875>بابُ صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ لِغَيرِ الحاجِّ</span>\n\n٨٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ حَكّامٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ غَيلانَ بنَ جَريرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ الزِّمّانِىِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، قال: \"يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الماضيَةَ والباقيَةَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ شابورَ، عن أبي قَزعَةَ، عن أبي الخَليلِ، عن أبي حَرمَلَةَ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -: \"صَومُ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ كَفّارَةُ سَنةٍ والَّتِى تَليها، وصَومُ يَومِ عاشوراءَ كَفّارَةُ سنةٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٦٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٣٧) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا. وسيأتي في (٨٤٧٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٦٢).\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"المحرمى\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٦٢)، والمعرفة (٢٥٧٤). وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٢٥٣١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٠٣، ٢٨٠٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":69},{"text":"٨٤٥٤ - ورَواه مُجاهِدٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ إياسٍ الشَّيبانِىِّ عن أبي قَتادَةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صيامِ يَومِ عاشوراءَ، فقالَ: \"يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ\". وسُئلَ عن صيامِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ؟ فقالَ: \"يُكَفِّرُ سَنَتَينِ؛ سنةً ماضيَةً، وسَنَةً مُستَقبَلَةً\". أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، أخبرَنِى مَنصورٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٨٤٥٥ - ورَواه جَريرٌ عن مَنصورٍ عن أبي الخَليلِ البَصرِىِّ عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ إياسٍ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ أو عن مَولَى أبى قَتادَةَ، [عن أبي قَتادَةَ] (^٢)، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَومُ عَرَفَةَ كَفّارَةُ سَنَتَينِ؛ سنةٍ قَبلَه، وسَنَةٍ بَعدَه، وصَومُ عاشوراءَ كَفّارَةُ سَنةٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٨٤٥٦ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن مَنصورٍ عن أبي الخَليلِ عن حَرمَلَةَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن مَولًى لأبِى قَتادَةَ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ. أخبَرَناه أبو حامِدٍ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٨٢٧)، (٨٧٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٩٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) ذكره البخاري في تاريخه ٣/ ٦٧ عن جرير به. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٩٨) من طريق منصور به، وفيه: عن أبي قتادة فقط. وانظر علل الدارقطني ٦/ ١٥١.","vol":"9","page":70},{"text":"عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1876>بابُ الاختيارِ لِلحاجِّ في تَركِ صَومِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٨٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ (^٢) بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن (^٣) عُمَيرٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ بنتِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ أُناسًا تَمارَوا عِندَها يَومَ عَرَفَةَ في رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: هو صائمٌ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لَيسَ بصائمٍ. فأَرسَلَت إلَيه أُمُّ الفَضلِ بقَدَحِ لَبَنٍ، وهو واقِفٌ بعَرَفَةَ (^٤) على بَعيرٍ فشَرِبَ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ وحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ عَلى مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بمعناه\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٨٢)، والفضائل (٢٣٦) عن المهرجانى به. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٩٩) من طريق أبي داود به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"بن\".\n(^٤) في س: \"يوم عرفة\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣٧٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٣)، وأبو داود (٢٤٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٨)، وابن حبان (٣٦٠٦).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٩٨٨)، ومسلم (١١٢٣/ ١١٠).","vol":"9","page":71},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وغَيرُهُم عن سالِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ (^١).\n\n٨٤٥٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ قالا: حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو يَعنِى (^٢) ابنَ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ أنَّها قالَت: إنَّ النّاسَ شَكّوا في صيامِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ عَرَفَةَ، فأَرسَلَت إلَيه مَيمونَةُ بحِلابٍ (^٣) وهو واقِفٌ في المَوقِفِ، فشَرِبَ مِنه والنّاسُ يَنظُرونَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا سَهلٌ يَعنِى ابنَ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: أتَيتُ على ابنِ عباسٍ وهو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٣)، والبخاري (٥٦٣٦)، ومسلم عقب (١١٢٣/ ١١٠) من طريق الثوري به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٧٢)، والبخاري (١٦٥٨، ٥٦٠٤)، ومسلم (١١٢٣/ ١١٠) من طريق ابن عيينة به. ومسلم (١١٢٣/ ١١١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٨) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: هو\".\n(^٣) الحلاب: إناء يسع حلبة ناقة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٦٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٨٩)، ومسلم (١١٢٤).","vol":"9","page":72},{"text":"يأكُلُ رُمّانًا بعَرَفَةَ، فحَدَّثَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أفطَرَ بعَرَفَةَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن أيّوبَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٦١ - ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ كما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ أَفطَرَ بعَرَفَةَ، أُتِىَ برُمّانٍ فأَكَلَه، وقالَ: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ الفَضلِ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أفطَرَ بعَرَفَةَ، أتَته أُمُّ الفَضلِ بلَبَنٍ فشَرِبَه (^٣).\n\n٨٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ الكَلبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَوشَبُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، عن مَهدِىٍّ الهَجَرِىِّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ قال: كُنّا عِندَ أبي هريرةَ في بَيتِه، فحَدَّثَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ بعَرَفَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٦) من طريق وهيب عن أيوب عن رجل عن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨١٤) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٢٠) من طريق سليمان بن حرب وحده به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٠٢)، وابن حبان (٣٦٠٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٤٤٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٣٠) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٨٠٣١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٣٢) من طريق حوشب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٢٨).","vol":"9","page":73},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَوشَبُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ حَسّانَ (^١) العَبدِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ بعَرَفاتٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زيادٍ مَولَى ابنِ عَيّاشٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ كَرِيزٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفضَلُ الدُّعاءِ دُعاءُ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، وأَفضَلُ ما قُلتُ أنا والنَّبيّونَ مِن قَبلِى: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له\" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1877>بابُ العَمَلِ الصّالِحِ في العَشرِ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ</span>\n\n٨٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، والمستدرك والمهذب ٤/ ١٦٦٠، وعند ابن خزيمة: العبدى. ولم يسمه. وهو مهدى بن حرب العبدى الهجرى. ينظر ترجمته في تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٥٨٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١٠١) من طريق أبي داود به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الفضائل (١٩١)، والدعوات الكبير (٤٦٨)، ومالك برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٢١٤، ٤٢٢.","vol":"9","page":74},{"text":"عباسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما العَمَلُ في أيّامٍ أفضَلَ مِنه في عَشرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ولا الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ؟!. [قالَ: \"ولا الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ] (^١)، إلَّا رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ بنَفسِه ومالِه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ لا (^٢) يَرجِعُ مِن ذَلِكَ بشَئٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى مُعاويَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن أيّامٍ العَمَلُ الصّالِحُ فيها أحَبُّ إلَى اللهِ مِن هذه الأيّامِ\" (^٣). يَعنِى أيّامَ العَشرِ. والباقِى بمَعناه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الحُرِّ بنِ الصَّيَّاحِ (^٥)، عن هُنَيدَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن امرأتِه، عن بَعضِ أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ تِسعَ ذِى الحِجَّةِ، ويَومَ عاشوراءَ، وثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ [أوَّلَ اثنَينِ] (^٦) مِنَ الشَّهرِ، والخَميسَ. تَعنِى ويَومًا آخَرَ (^٧). ورَواه أبو داودَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"في أصله: لم\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الفضائل (١٧١)، والسنن الصغرى (١٤٢١)، والطيالسى (٢٧٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٨)، والترمذي (٧٥٧)، وابن ماجه (١٧٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٥)، وابن حبان (٣٢٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٩٦٩).\n(^٥) في م، ص ٤: \"الصباح\" بالباء الموحدة التحتية. وينظر الإكمال ٥/ ١٦١، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٥١٤، وتوضيح المشتبه ٥/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٦) في ص ٤: \"أو الاثنين\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٣٧١، ٢٤١٦) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وفيهما \"الخميسين\".=","vol":"9","page":75},{"text":"عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^١).\n\n٨٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ (^٢) الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صائمًا في العَشرِ قَطُّ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\nوالمُثبِتُ أولَى مِنَ النّافِى مَعَ ما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1878>بابُ جَوازِ قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ في تِسعَةِ أيّامٍ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ</span>\n\n٨٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن\n_________\n= بدلًا من: \"الخميس\".\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٤٣٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٢٩).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٧)، والترمذي (٧٥٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٧٢)، وابن حبان (٣٦٠٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٧٦/ ٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٤٦٥).","vol":"9","page":76},{"text":"أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: ما مِن أيّامٍ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ أن أقضِىَ فيها شَهرَ رَمَضانَ مِن أيّامِ العَشرِ (^١).\n\n٨٤٦٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُفيان، حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ مَوهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ، وسألَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ علىَّ رَمَضانَ وأَنا أُريدُ أن أتَطَوَّعَ في العَشرِ؟ قال: لا، بَلِ ابدأْ بحَقِّ الله فاقضِه، ثُمَّ تَطَوَّعْ بَعدُ ما شِئتَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لا تَقضِ رَمَضانَ في ذِى الحِجَّةِ، ولا تَصُمْ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ - أظُنُّه مُنفَرِدًا - ولا تَحتَجِمْ وأَنتَ صائمٌ (^٣).\nوروِىَ أيضًا عن الحَسَنِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في كَراهيَةِ القَضاءِ في العَشرِ. وهَذا لأنَّه كان يَرَى قَضاءَه - في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه - مُتَتابِعًا. فإذا زادَ ما وجَبَ عَلَيه قَضاؤُه على تَسعَةِ أيّامٍ انقَطَعَ تَتابُعُه بيَومِ النَّحرِ وأَيّامِ التَّشريقِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1879>بابُ فضلِ يَومِ (^٤) عاشوراءَ</span>\n\n٨٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧١٤) عن سفيان الثوري به بمعناه، بدون ذكر \"قيس\". وابن أبي شيبة (٩٦٠٢) من طريق الأسود به بمعناه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٧١٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٦٠٤) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٦٠٣) من طريق أبى إسحاق عن الحارث عن على. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٥.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صوم\".","vol":"9","page":77},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فوَجَدَ اليَهودَ صيامًا يَومَ عاشوراءَ، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما هَذا اليَومُ الَّذِى تَصومونَهُ؟ \". فقالوا: هَذا يَومٌ عَظيمٌ أنجَى اللهُ ﷿ فيه موسَى وقَومَه، وغَرَّقَ فيه فِرعَونَ وقَومَه، فصامَه موسَى شُكرًا فنَحنُ نَصومُه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فنَحنُ أحَقُّ وأَولَى بموسَى مِنكُم\". فصامَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَمَرَ بصيامِهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ (^٣) أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتَحَرَّى صيامَ يَومٍ يَلتَمِسُ فضلَه على غَيرِه إلَّا هَذا اليَومَ؛ يَومَ عاشوراءَ، وشَهرَ رَمَضانَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٣٥)، وابن ماجه (١٧٣٤) من طريق ابن عيينة به، ولم يذكر ابن ماجه: \"عبد الله بن سعيد\". وأحمد (٢٦٤٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٩٧)، ومسلم (١١٣٠/ ١٢٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٧٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٣٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٨٣٧). ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٤٧٥).","vol":"9","page":78},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n٨٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وهِشامٌ ومَهدِىٌّ، قال حَمّادٌ ومَهدِىٌّ: عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ. وقالَ هِشامٌ: عن قَتادَةَ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ الزِّمّانِىِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صَومِه، فغَضِبَ حَتَّى عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ في وجهِهِ، فقامَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: رَضينا باللهِ رَبًّا، وبِالإسلامِ دِينًا، وبِكَ نَبيًّا، أعوذُ باللهِ مِن غَضَبِ اللهِ وغَضَبِ رسولِهِ. فلَم يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُرَدِّدُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في رَجُلٍ يَصومُ الدَّهرَ كُلَّهُ؟. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا صامَ ولا أفطَرَ\". أو قال: \"ما صامَ وما أفطَرَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيفَ بمَن يَصومُ يَومَينِ ويُفطِرُ يَومًا؟ فقالَ: \"ومَن يُطيقُ ذَلِكَ؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ بمَن يُفطِرُ يَومَينِ ويَصومُ يَومًا؟ فقالَ: \"لَوَدِدتُ أنِّى طوِّقتُ ذَلِكَ\" (^٢). فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فما تَقولُ في صَومِ يَومِ الاثنَينِ؟ فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ يَومٌ وُلِدتُ فيه وأُنزِلَ علىَّ فيه\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فما تَقولُ في رَجُلٍ يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا؟ فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ صَومُ أخِى داودَ ﵇\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فما تَقولُ في صَومِ يَومِ عاشوراءَ؟ قال: \"إنِّي لأحتَسِبُ على اللهِ ﷿ أن يُكَفِّرَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٣٢)، والبخاري (٢٠٠٦).\n(^٢) طوِّقْتُ ذلك: أي: أُقْدِرْت عليه، قال الخطابى: وجهه أن يكون ذلك إنما هو لحق غيره لا لعجز نفسه، ونرى - والله أعلم - أن المانع له من أن يطيقه ما كان يلزمه من حقوق النساء. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٥١٤، وينظر المفهم للقرطبى ٣/ ٢٣١.","vol":"9","page":79},{"text":"السَّنَةَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فما تَقولُ في [مَن يَصومُ] (^١) يَومَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قال: \"إنِّي لأحتَسِبُ على اللهِ أن يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ التي قَبلَها، والسَّنَةَ التي بَعدَها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَهدِىِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا كان آمَرَ بصيامِ يَومِ عاشوراءَ مِن عليٍّ وأَبِى موسَى - ﵄ - (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1880>بابُ صَومِ يَومِ التّاسِعِ</span>\n\n٨٤٧٥ - حَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ (^٥) بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المُطَّوِّعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"صوم\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صوم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤١٣)، والطيالسى (٦٣٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٢٥)، والترمذي (٧٤٩)، والنسائي (٢٣٨٦)، وابن ماجه (١٧١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨٧)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٢) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٢١) من طريق مهدى به. وتقدم في (٨٤٥٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٦٢).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٨٣٦).\n(^٥) بعده في ص ٤: \"بن أحمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٨٠.","vol":"9","page":80},{"text":"حَمّادٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا [أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ حَيُّويَه، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ] (^١) أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا غَطَفانَ ابنَ طَريفٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: حينَ صامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ عاشوراءَ وأَمَرَ بصيامِه قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه يَومٌ تُعَظِّمُه اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فإِذا كان العامُ المُقبِلُ صُمنا يَومَ التّاسِعِ إن شاءَ اللهُ\". قال: فلَم يأتِ العامُ المُقبِلُ حَتَّى توُفِّىَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلْوانِىِّ عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قاضى مِصرَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عباسٍ (^٤)، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَئن سَلِمتُ إلَى قابِلٍ لأصومَنَّ يومَ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحسن بن محمد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٤٠)، والصغرى (١٤١٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٣٤/ ١٣٣). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٦٣: هذا من غرائب صحيح مسلم، والذي في أول الباب أصح منه.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"عياش\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٥) في م، والمسند: \"اليوم\". وينظر المهذب ٤/ ١٦٦٣.","vol":"9","page":81},{"text":"التّاسِعِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٢). ورَواه أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: \"إن عِشتُ إن شاءَ اللهُ صُمتُ اليَومَ التّاسِعَ\". مَخافَةَ أن يَفوتَه يَومُ عاشوراءَ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرَةَ بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قاضى مِصرَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ ورَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَكَمَ بنَ الأعرَجِ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وهو مُتَوَسِّدٌ رِداءَه عِندَ زَمزَمَ. قال: فجَلَستُ إلَيه وكانَ نِعمَ الجَليسُ، فقُلتُ: أخبِرنِى عن يَومِ عاشوراءَ. فاستَوَى قاعِدًا، ثُمَّ قال: عن أىِّ حالِه تَسأَلُ؟ قُلتُ: عن صيامِه أىَّ يَومٍ نَصومُ؟ قال: إذا رأيتَ هِلالَ المُحَرَّمِ فاعدُدْ، فإِذا أصبَحتَ مِن تاسِعِه فأَصبِحْ صائمًا. قال: قُلتُ: كَذَلِكَ كان يَصومُ محمدٌ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن حاجِبٍ (^٥).\nوكأنَّه - ﷺ - أرادَ صَومَه مَعَ العاشِرِ، وأَرادَ بقَولِه في الجَوابِ: نَعَم. ما رُوِىَ مِن عَزمِه - ﷺ - على صَومِهِ، والَّذِى يُبَيِّنُ هَذا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٦) عن روح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٣٤/ ١٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٨١٧) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٥، ٢٥٤٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٤٦)، والترمذي (٧٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٩٧، ٢٠٩٨)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٣) من طريق حاجب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٥٩) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٣٣/ ١٣٢).","vol":"9","page":82},{"text":"٨٤٧٨ - ما أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: صوموا التّاسِعَ والعاشِرَ وخالِفوا اليَهودَ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا عُبَيدُ (^٢) اللهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n\n٨٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن داودَ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَئن بَقيتُ لآمُرَنَّ بصيامِ يَومٍ قَبلَه [أو يَومٍ] (^٤) بَعدَه\"؛ يَومَ عاشوراءَ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن داودَ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه ابنِ عباسٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٤٢)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٨٣٩).\n(^٢) في س: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٣٣٧)، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٨٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"ويوم\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٨٩)، والحميدى (٤٨٥).","vol":"9","page":83},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صوموا يَومَ عاشوراءَ وخالِفوا فيه اليَهودَ، صوموا قَبلَه يَومًا أو بَعدَه يَومًا\" (^١). هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: \"صوموا قَبلَه يَومًا وبَعدَه يَومًا\" (^٢). وبِمَعناه رَواه أبو (^٣) شِهابٍ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى: قَبلَه وبَعدَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1881>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ صَومَ عاشوراءَ كان واجِبًا ثُمَّ نُسِخَ وُجوبُهُ</span>\n\n٨٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الخرقِىُّ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ يَومَ عاشوراءَ إلَى قَومِه يأمُرُهُم فليَصوموا هَذا اليَومَ. فقالَ: ما أُرَى آتيهِم حَتَّى يَطعَموا. قال: \"مَن طَعِمَ مِنهُم فليَصُمْ بَقيَّةَ يَومِه\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٤٣) بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٩٥) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢١٥٤) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٥٢٣٨) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٨٨: وفيه محمد بن أبي ليلى وفيه كلام.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ابن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبري في تهذيب الآثار (٦٥١ - مسند عمر) من طريق أبى شهاب به.\n(^٥) في م: \"الحربى\"، وفى ص ٤: \"الحرفى\". وتقدم في (٢٦٤٤).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٨١١٤).\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٠٠٧)، ومسلم (١١٣٥).","vol":"9","page":84},{"text":"٨٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ ذَكوانَ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذِ بنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: أرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَبيحَةَ عاشوراءَ إلَى قُرَى الأنصارِ التي حَولَ المَدينَةِ: \"مَن كان أصبَحَ صائمًا فليُتِمَّ صَومَه، ومَن كان أصبَحَ مُفطِرًا فلْيَصُمْ (^١) بَقيَّةَ يَومِه\". قالَت: وكُنّا نَصومُه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، ونُصَوِّمُ صِبيانَنا الصِّغارَ ونَجعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعبَةَ مِنَ العِهنِ (^٢)، ونَذهَبُ بهِم إلَى المَسجِدِ، فإِذا بَكَى أحَدُهُم على الطَّعامِ أعطَيناه ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكونَ عِندَ الإفطارِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخْرجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ نافِعٍ (^٤) عن بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان يَومُ عاشوراءَ يَومًا تَصومُه قُرَيشٌ في الجاهِليَّةِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُه في الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ صامَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٤، م: \"فليتم\".\n(^٢) العهن: الصوف الملون. النهاية ٣/ ٣٢٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٢٦) من طريق خالد بن ذكوان به.\n(^٤) في ص ٤: \"رافع\".\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٦٠)، ومسلم (١١٣٦/ ١٣٦).","vol":"9","page":85},{"text":"وأَمَرَ بصيامِه، فلَمّا فُرِضَ رَمَضانُ كان هو الفَريضَةَ وتُرِكَ يَومُ عاشوراءَ، فمَن شاءَ صامَه ومَن شاءَ تَرَكَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بصيامِ يَومِ عاشوراءَ قَبلَ أن يُفرَضَ رَمَضانُ، فلَمّا فُرِضَ صيامُ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ كان مَن شاءَ صامَ عاشوراءَ، ومَن شاءَ أفطَرَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عُروةَ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِهِما عن عُروةَ ما في حَديثِ هِشامٍ مِن لَفظِ التَّركِ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٨٥)، ومسند الشافعي (٦٩٩)، واختلاف الحديث ص ١٠١، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٩، وأبو داود (٢٤٤٢)، وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٢١) من طريق مالك به. وأحمد (٢٤٠١١)، والترمذي (٧٥٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨٠) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٠٢)، ومسلم (١١٢٥/ ١١٣، ١١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الفضائل (٢٣٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٣٩) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (٢٦١٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٧٣٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٩٣، ٢٠٠١)، ومسلم (١١٢٥/ ١١٤، ١١٥، ١١٦).","vol":"9","page":86},{"text":"عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: دَخَلَ الأشعَثُ بنُ قَيسٍ على عبدِ اللهِ يَومَ عاشوراءَ وهو يَتَغَدَّى، فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، ادنُ لِلغَداءِ. فقالَ: أوَ لَيسَ اليَومُ يَومَ عاشوراءَ؟ قال: أوَ تَدرِى ما يَومُ عاشوراءَ؟! إنَّما كان يَومًا كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُه قَبلَ أن يَنزِلَ رَمَضانُ، فلَمّا نَزَلَ رَمَضانُ تُرِكَ (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ وجَريرٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\nورَواه زُبَيدٌ عن عُمارَةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ السَّكَنِ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٣)، وقيلَ: عن زُبَيدٍ عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ السَّكَنِ (^٤)، ورَواه عَلقَمَةُ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ الحُلْوانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ أهلَ الجاهِليَّةِ كانوا يَصومونَ يَومَ عاشوراءَ، وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صامَه والمُسلِمونَ قَبلَ أن يُفرَضَ (^٦) رَمَضانُ، فلَمّا افتُرِضَ رَمَضانُ قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٢٤) عن يعلى وابن أبي زائدة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٧/ ١٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١١٢٧/ ١٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٤٦) من طريق زبيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٤٣٤، والطبراني (١٠٣٨٥) من طريق زبيد به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٥/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٤٥٠٣)، ومسلم (١١٢٧/ ١٢٤) من طريق علقمة به.\n(^٦) في في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يفترض\".","vol":"9","page":87},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ عاشوراءَ يَومٌ مِن أيّامِ اللهِ، فمَن شاءَ صامَه، ومَن شاءَ تَرَكَ (^١) \" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n٨٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهانُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ هارونَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ وأبو القاسِمِ غَيلانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ (^٤) ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى الأشيَبُ، حدثنا شَيبانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بصيامِ عاشوراءَ ويَحُثُّنا عَلَيه ويَتَعاهَدُنا عِندَه، فلَمّا فُرِضَ رَمَضانُ لَم\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تركه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٩٢) عن ابن نمير به. وأبو داود (٢٤٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨٢)، وابن حبان (٣٦٢٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٢٦/ ١١٧)، والبخاري (٤٥٠١).\n(^٤) الهمذانى البغدادي، أخو المسند أبى طالب محمد بن محمد، سمع النجاد، روى عنه المصنف والخطيب، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه، وكان ثقة. مات سنة (٤١٦ هـ). وتاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٣٣٣، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤١٠ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٠٦.","vol":"9","page":88},{"text":"يأمُرْنا، ولَم يَنهَنا، ولَم يَتَعاهَدْنا عِندَه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الباقَرحِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طاهِرِ بنِ أبي الدُّمَيكِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، عن أبي العُمَيسِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال أبو موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ: كان يَومُ عاشوراءَ يَومًا تُعَظِّمُه اليَهودُ وتَتَّخِذُه عيدًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فصوموه أنتُم\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ حَمّادِ بنِ أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ وجَدَ اليَهودَ تَصومُ عاشوراءَ فسألَهُم فقالوا: هَذا اليَومُ الَّذِى ظَهَرَ فيه موسَى ﵇ على فِرعَونَ. فقالَ: \"أنتُم أولَى بموسَى مِنهُم فَصومُوه\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨٣) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٤٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٠٥)، ومسلم (١١٣١/ ١٢٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٦٤) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٤٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٨٤) من طريق أبى بشر به.","vol":"9","page":89},{"text":"وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ في الأمرِ بصَومِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1882>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ واجِبًا قَطُّ</span>\n\n٨٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ يَومَ عاشوراءَ عامَ حَجَّ وهو على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: يا أهلَ المَدينَةِ، أينَ عُلَماؤُكُم؟ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ هَذا اليَومَ يَومُ عاشوراءَ ولَم يَكتُبِ اللهُ عَلَيكُم صيامَه، فمَن شاءَ فليَصُمْ ومَن شاءَ فليُفطِرْ\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ، وزادَ الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: \"وأَنا صائمٌ فمَن شاءَ فليَصُمْ\". والباقِى بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ ومِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\nوقَولُه: \"ولَم يَكتُبِ اللهُ عَلَيكُم صيامَه\". يَدُلُّ على أنه لَم يَكُنْ واجِبًا قَطُّ؛\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٧٣٧، ٤٦٨٠)، ومسلم (١١٣٠/ ١٢٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٠٥)، ومسلم (١١٣١/ ١٢٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥٨٩)، وفى الفضائل (٢٣٩)، والشافعي في مسنده (٧٠٢)، ومالك ١/ ٢٩٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦٨) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٠٣)، ومسلم (١١٢٩).","vol":"9","page":90},{"text":"لأنَّ (لَم) لِلماضى.\n\n٨٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: قال مُعاويَةُ على مِنبَرِ المَدينَةِ: أينَ عُلَماؤُكُم يا أهلَ المَدينَةِ؟ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عن مِثلِ هَذِهِ - وأَخرَجَ قُصَّةً (^١) مِن كُبَّةٍ (^٢) مِن كُمِّه مِن شَعَرٍ - ويَقولُ: \"إنَّما هَلَكَت بَنو إسرائيلَ حَيثُ اتَّخَذَت نِساؤُهُم مِثلَ هَذا\". أينَ عُلَماؤُكُم يا أهلَ المَدينَةِ؟ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في هَذا اليَومِ يَومِ عاشوراءَ يَعنِى يقولُ: \"إنِّي صائمٌ فمَن شاءَ مِنكُم أن يَصومَ فليَصُمْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٩٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وذُكِرَ يَومُ عاشوراءَ عِندَه: \"كان\" (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الطَّيالِسِىُّ أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) قُصَّة: الخُصلة من الشعر. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٧١.\n(^٢) في س: \"كثبة\". والكبة: الشيء المجتمع. ينظر التاج ٤/ ٩٦ (ك ب ب).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٩١)، والنسائي (٢٣٠٧٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٢٩).","vol":"9","page":91},{"text":"قال: \"يَومُ عاشوراءَ يَومٌ كان يَصومُه أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ، فمَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يَصومَه، فليَصُمْه ومَن كَرِهَه فليَدَعْه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٨٤٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُم، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ في يَومِ عاشوراءَ: \"إنَّ هَذا يَومٌ كان يَصومُه أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يَصومَه فليَصُمْه، ومَن أحَبَّ أن يَترُكَه فليَترُكْه\". وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ لا يَصومُه إلَّا أن يوافِقَ صيامَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان يَومُ عاشوراءَ يَومًا تَصومُه قُرَيشٌ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا جاءَ الإسلامُ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن شاءَ صامَه، ومَن شاءَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٧٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٢٣) من طريق الطيالسي به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٧٣٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٦/ ١١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبري في تهذيب الآثار (٦٢٢ - مسند عمر)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٥٦٠) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٢٦/ ١١٩).","vol":"9","page":92},{"text":"تَرَكَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1883>بابُ (^٣) فضلِ الصَّومِ في أشهُرِ الحُرُمِ</span>\n\n٨٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وقُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِميَرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفضَلُ الصّيامِ بَعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ شَهرُ اللهِ المُحَرَّمُ، وإِنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ المَفروضَةِ صَلاةٌ مِنَ اللَّيلِ\" (^٤). لَم يَقُلْ قُتَيبَةُ: \"شَهرِ\". قال: \"رَمَضانَ\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٤٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا الحَجَبِىُّ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِميَرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفضَلُ الصّيامِ بَعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ شَهرُ اللهِ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٤٥٠٢) من طريق ابن عيينة به بمعناه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٥/ ١١٤).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤: \"في\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٤٢٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٤٣٨، ٧٤٠)، والنسائي (١٦١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٦) من طريق قتيبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٦٣/ ٢٠٢).","vol":"9","page":93},{"text":"تَدعونَه المُحَرَّمَ، وأَفضَلُ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ المَفروضَةِ الصَّلاةُ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زائدَةُ وجَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ. أمّا حَديثُ زائدَةَ فقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ جَريرٍ:\n\n٨٤٩٧ - فأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: أىُّ الصَّلاةِ أفضَلُ بَعدَ المَكتوبَةِ، وأَىُّ الصِّيامِ أفضَلُ بَعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ؟ فقالَ: \"أفضَلُ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ المَكتوبَةِ الصَّلاةُ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ، وأَفضَلُ الصّيامِ بَعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ صَومُ المُحَرَّمِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\nوخالفَهُم في إسنادِه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ فرَواه كما:\n\n٨٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ أبو تَوبَةَ الحَلَبِىُّ، أنَّ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٠٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٧٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٩٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (١١٣٤، ٢٠٧٦) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٦٣/ ٢٠٣).","vol":"9","page":94},{"text":"حَدَّثَهُم، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ سُفيانَ البَجَلِىِّ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّلاةِ بَعدَ المَفروضَةِ الصَّلاةُ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ، وإِنَّ أفضَلَ الصِّيامِ بَعدَ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ شَهرُ اللهِ الَّذِى تَدعونَه المُحَرَّمَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ حَكيمٍ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن صَومِ رَجَبٍ كَيفَ تَرَى فيه؟ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عيسَى يَعنِى ابنَ يونُسَ، حدثنا عثمانُ يَعنى ابنَ حَكيمٍ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن صيامِ رَجَبٍ؟ فقالَ: أخبرَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَصومُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: لا يُفطِرُ. ويُفطِرُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: لا يَصومُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n٨٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٧٢٤) من حديث جندب بن عبد الله، وهو جندب بن عبد الله بن سفيان. ينسب إلى جده فيقال: جندب بن سفيان. الإصابة ٢/ ٢٤٧، ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٤٦) عن محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٥٧/ ١٧٩).","vol":"9","page":95},{"text":"عن أبي السَّليلِ، عن مُجيبَةَ الباهِليَّةِ، عن أبيها أو عَمِّها، أنَّه أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ، فعادَ إلَيه بَعدَ سَنةٍ. وَفِى رِوايَةِ موسَى (^١): فأَتاه بَعدَ سَنةٍ وقَد تَغَيَّرَت حالُه وهَيئَتُه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أما تَعرِفُنِى؟ قال: \"ومَن أنتَ؟ \". قال: أنا الباهِلِىُّ الَّذِى جِئتُكَ عامَ أوَّلَ. قال: \"فما غَيَّرَكَ وقَد كُنتَ حَسَنَ الهَيئَةِ؟ \". قال: ما أكَلتُ طَعامًا مُنذُ فارَقتُكَ إلَّا بلَيلٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ولِمَ عَذَّبتَ نَفسَكَ؟ صُمْ شَهرَ الصَّبرِ، ومِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ يَومًا\". قال: زِدنِى فإِنَّ بى قوَّةً قال: \"صُمْ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ يَومَينِ\". قال: زِدْنِى، فإِنَّ بى قوَّةً. قال: \"صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ\". زادَ عبدُ الواحِدِ: \"مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ\". قال: زِدْنِى فإِنَّ بى قوَّةً. قال: \"صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ واترُكْ\". يَقولُها ثَلاثًا. وفِي رِوايَةِ موسَى قال: زِدنِى. قال: \"صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ واترُكْ، صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ واترُكْ، صُمْ مِنَ الحُرُمِ واترُكْ\". وقالَ بأَصابِعِه الثَّلاثِ فضَمَّها ثُمَّ أرسَلَها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1884>بابٌ في فضلِ صَومِ شَعبانَ</span>\n\n٨٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ والحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٤: \"أبى موسى\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: في رواية موسى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٤٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤١) من طريق الجريرى به. وعند النسائي: \"عن مجيبة الباهلى عن عمه\"، وعند ابن ماجه: \"عن أبي مجيبة الباهلى عن أبيه أو عن عمه\". وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٢٦).","vol":"9","page":96},{"text":"النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: لا يُفطِرُ. ويُفطِرُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: لا يَصومُ. وَما رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَكمَلَ صيامَ شَهرٍ قَطُّ إلَّا رَمَضانَ، وما رأيتُه في شَهرٍ أكثَرَ صيامًا مِنه في شَعبانَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٥٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي لَبيدٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ عن صيامِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَت: كان يَصومُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: قَد صامَ. ويُفطِرُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: قَد أفطَرَ. ولَم أرَه صائمًا مِن شَهرٍ قَطُّ أكثَرَ مِن صيامِه مِن شَعبانَ، كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ كُلَّه، كان يَصومُ شَعبانَ إلَّا قَليلًا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٨٥٠٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ قِراءَةً عَلَيه ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٠٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٧٥٧)، وأبو داود (٢٤٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٣٥٠). وعند النسائي مقرونًا بعمرو بن الحارث.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٦٩)، ومسلم (١١٥٦/ ١٧٥).\n(^٣) في س: \"سنان\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٥٧.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٩٨٥٤)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٧١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٦)، والنسائي (٢١٧٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٥٦/ ١٧٦).","vol":"9","page":97},{"text":"الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: إن كانَت إحدَانا لَتُفطِرُ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فما تَقدِرُ على أن تَقضيَه مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى يأتِيَ شَعبانُ، ما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ مِن شَهرٍ ما كان يَصومُ مِن شَعبانَ، كان يَصومُه كُلَّه إلَّا قَليلًا، بَل كان يَصومُه كُلَّه (^١).\n\n٨٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي قَيسٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ تَقولُ: كان أحَبَّ الشُهورِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَصومَه شَعبانُ، ثُمَّ يَصِلُه برَمَضانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1885>بابٌ في فضلِ صَومِ سِتَّةِ أيّامٍ مِن شَوّالٍ</span>\n\n٨٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، قال: أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن صامَ\n_________\n(^١) فوائد ابن بشران (١٥٢ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية)، وفوائد الفاكهى (١٧٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الفضائل (١٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣٤. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٠٧٧) عن بحر بن نصر به. والنسائي (٢٣٤٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٥٥٤٨)، وأبو داود (٢٤٣١) من طريق معاوية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٢٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٨٣.","vol":"9","page":98},{"text":"رَمَضانَ ثُمَّ أتبَعَه سِتًّا مِن شَوّالٍ فذاكَ صيامُ الدَّهرِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ عن سَعدِ بنِ سعيدٍ أخِى يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ والسَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيُّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ وبَكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ جابِرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ وسِتًّا مِن شَوّالٍ فكأنَّما صامَ السَّنَةَ كُلَّها\" (^٣). [وفي رِوايَةِ الفَقيهِ قال: عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -] (^٤).\n\n٨٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤١٢)، وفى الشعب (٣٧٣٠)، وفى المعرفة (٢٦٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٣٣)، وأبو داود (٢٤٣٣)، والترمذي (٧٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢١١٤)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٤) من طريق عمر بن ثابت به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠٢) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به. وفى (١٤٣٠٣) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٦٩: عمرو حسن له الترمذي، وفيه مقال.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"مضروب عليه في أصل المصنف\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٧١٠) عن عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به.","vol":"9","page":99},{"text":"عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا أسماءَ الرَّحَبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صيامُ شَهرٍ بعَشْرَةِ أشهُرٍ، وسِتَّةُ أيّامٍ بَعدَه بشَهرينِ، فذَلِكَ تَمامُ السَّنَةِ\". يَعنِى رَمَضانَ وسِتَّةَ أيّامٍ بَعدَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1886>بابُ صَومِ يَومِ الاثنَينِ والخَميسِ</span>\n\n٨٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه النَّحْوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النُعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ والحَجّاجُ قالا: حدثنا مَهدِيُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا غَيلانُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ الزِّمّانِيِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال له رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ صَومُ يَومِ الاثنَينِ؟ قال: \"فيه وُلِدتُ، وفيّه أُنزِلَ علىَّ القُرآنُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٣٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢١١٥) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به. وأحمد (٢٢٤١٢)، وابن ماجه (١٧١٥)، وابن حبان (٣٦٣٥) من طريق يحيى بن الحارث به.\nوقوله: يعني رمضان. . . عند ابن خزيمة وحده. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٦٩: تابعه صدقة بن خالد ومحمد بن شعيب ورواه سويد بن عبد العزيز وفيه لين، عن يحيى الذمارى، فأدخل بينه وبين أبي أسماء أبا الأشعث الصنعانى.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ١٣٣، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٢٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٧٧) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به. وتقدم في (٨٤٧٣).","vol":"9","page":100},{"text":"مَهدِىِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ (^١)\n\n٨٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الحَكَمِ بنِ ثَوبانَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ مَولَى قُدامَةَ بنِ مَظعونٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ مَولَى أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - كان يَركَبُ إلَى مالٍ له بوادِى القُرَى، وكانَ يَصومُ الاثنَينِ والخَميسِ، فقُلتُ له: أتَصومُ وقَد كَبِرتَ ورَقَقتَ (^٢)؟ فقالَ: إنِّي رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ يَومَ الاثْنَينِ والخَميسِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أتَصومُ يَومَ الاثنَينِ والخَميسِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الأعمالَ تُعرَضُ يَومَ الاثنَينِ والخَميسِ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ وحَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1887>بابُ صَومِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ</span>\n\n٨٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن العباسِ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهْدِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٦٢/ ١٩٨).\n(^٢) رققت: أي ضعفت. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩١)، والطيالسى (٦٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٨١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤٤)، وأبو داود (٢٤٣٦) من طريق أبان به، والمصنف في الشعب (٣٨٥٩) من طريق حرب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٢٨).","vol":"9","page":101},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي شِمْرٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أوصانِي خَليلِى - ﷺ - بثَلاثٍ؛ النَّومِ على الوِترِ، وصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ، ورَكعَتَىِ الضُّحَى. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ فُورَكَ: الوِترِ قَبلَ النَّومِ. قال: وصَلاةِ الضُّحَى (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن شُعبَةَ عن الجُرَيرِيِّ (^٢)، [وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن الجُرَيرِيِّ] (^٣) وأَبِى شِمْرٍ الضُّبَعِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، أخبرَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا ثابِتٌ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهْدِىِّ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ كان في سَفَرٍ له، فلَمّا نَزَلوا أرسَلوا إلَيه وهو يُصَلِّى ليَطعَمَ، فقالَ لِلرَّسولِ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فلَمّا وُضِعَ الطَّعامُ وكادوا يَفرُغونَ، فجاءَ فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ، فنَظَرَ القَومُ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الصبح\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٣)، والطيالسى (٢٥١٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩١٦). وأخرجه النسائي (١٦٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢٥٣٦) عن شعبة عن العباس به، وعند النسائي: \"الفجر\". بدلًا من: \"الضحى\". ومسلم (٧٢١/ ٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٢٣) من طريق أبي عثمان النهدى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٧٨).\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٢١/. . .).","vol":"9","page":102},{"text":"رسولِهِم فقالَ: ما تَنظُرونَ؟ قَد أخبرَنِي أنَّه صائمٌ. فَقالَ أبو هريرةَ: صَدَقَ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"صَومُ شَهرِ الصَّبرِ، وصَومُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ صَومُ الدَّهرِ\". فقَد صُمتُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهرِ (^١)؛ فأَنا مُفطِرٌ في تَخفيفِ اللَّهِ وصائمٌ في تَضعيفِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٥١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ العُقَيلِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فإِذا رَجُلٌ طَويلٌ أسوَدُ، فقُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: أبو ذَرٍّ. فقُلتُ: لأنظُرَنَّ على أيِّ حالٍ هو اليَومَ. قال: قُلتُ: أصائمٌ أنتَ؟ قال: نَعَم. وهُم يَنتَظِرونَ الإذنَ على عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فدَخَلوا، فأُتِينا بقِصاعٍ فأَكَلَ، فحَرَّكتُه أُذَكِّرُه بيَدِى، فقالَ: إنِّى لَم أنَسَ ما قُلتُ لَكَ، أخبَرتُكَ أنِّى صائمٌ، إنِّي أصومُ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ؛ فأَنا أبَدًا صائمٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1888>بابٌ: مِن أىِّ الشَّهرِ يَصومُ هذه الأيّامَ الثَّلاثَةَ</span>؟\n\n٨٥١٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"كل شهر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٨٦) من طريق عفان به. والنسائي (٢٤٠٧) مقتصرا على المرفوع. وابن حبان (٣٦٥٩) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٢٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبري في تهذيب الآثار (٥٥٤ - مسند عمر) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"9","page":103},{"text":"عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَصومُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِن غُرَّةِ (^١) كُلِّ شَهرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥١٤ - وبِإِسنادِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُفطِرًا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٣).\n\n٨٥١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَبْدانَ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبْعِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ السُّكَرِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ بَهدَلَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه. وقالَ: وقَلَّما كان يَفوتُه صَومُ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ (^٤).\n\n٨٥١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ قَتادَةَ بنِ مِلْحانَ القَيسِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) من غرة كل شهرٍ، أي: الأيام البيض الليالى بالقمر، وهى ثالث عشر ورابع عشر وخامس عشر. وقيل: من غرة كل شهر، أي: أوله. عون المعبود ١/ ٥٧١. وينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٦)، والطيالسى (٣٥٨)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٤٥٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٥٨)، وابن حبان (٣٦٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٨٦٠)، والترمذي (٧٤٢) من طريق شيبان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٣٥٧)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٧٢٥). وعند ابن ماجه: \"قلما\". بدلًا من: \"ما\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٢٣٦٧) من طريق على بن الحسن بن شقيق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٢٣٢).","vol":"9","page":104},{"text":"يأمُرُنا أن نَصُومَ البِيضَ؛ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وأَربَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وقالَ: \"هِىَ كَهَيئَةِ الدَّهرِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٥١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ (^٢) ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ سيرينَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ المِنْهالِ، عن أبيه - قال: وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بصيامِ أيّامِ البيضِ الثَّلاثَةِ، ويَقولُ: \"هُنَّ صيامُ الدَّهرِ\" (^٣). قال العباسُ: هَكَذا قال رَوحٌ في حَديثِ شُعبَةَ: عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ المِنهالِ.\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوّينا عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ أنَّه قال: هَذا خَطأٌ، إنَّما هو عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ قَتادَةَ بنِ مِلْحانَ القَيسِيُّ.\n\n٨٥١٨ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ مِلْحانَ] (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٧) عن الحاكم في آخرين. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٢٠) عن روح به. وابن ماجه (١٧٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٤٣١) من طريق همام به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٥٠).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٢١) عن روح به. والنسائي (٢٤٢٩، ٢٤٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٧٠٧)، وابن حبان (٣٦٥١) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٤٨، ١٤٩).\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٢٤٤٩). وعنده: \"عن ابن ملحان عن أبيه\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٣٩).","vol":"9","page":105},{"text":"٨٥١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن فِطرِ بنِ خَليفَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سامٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بصيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامِ البيضِ؛ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وأَربَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ (^١).\n\n٨٥٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سامٍ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ طَلحَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ بالرَّبَذَةِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، إذا صُمتَ مِنَ الشَّهرِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ فصُمْ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وأَربَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ\" (^٢).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ عن ابنِ الحَوتَكيَّةِ عن أبي ذَرٍّ (^٣). وقيلَ: عن موسَى عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٣٧)، والنسائي (٢٤٢١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٥٦) من طريق فطر به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٢٧٧).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٤٧٧)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٧٦١)، وعنده: يحيى بن بسام. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٣٧)، والنسائي (٢٤٢٢، ٢٤٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٢٨) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٤٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٢٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٢٨٠، ٢٢٨١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٤٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٦٥٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٤٤).","vol":"9","page":106},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن سَواءٍ الخُزاعِىِّ، عن حَفصَةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهرِ؛ الاثنَينِ والخَميسَ والاثنَينِ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ الأُخرَى (^١).\n\n٨٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن هُنَيدَةَ الخُزاعِىِّ، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنِي أن أصُومَ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهرِ؛ الاثنَينِ والخَميسَ والخَميسَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1889>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُبالِى مِن (^٣) أىِّ أيّامِ الشَّهرِ يَصومُ</span>\n\n٨٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٤٥١)، والنسائى (٢٣٦٥) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٤١).\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٩٩) عن الحاكم وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٨٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٥٢)، والنسائي (٢٤١٨) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وعند أحمد: ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر، أولها الاثنين والجمعة والخميس. وعند أبي داود: ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر، أولها الاثنين والخميس. وعند النسائى: أول خميس والاثنين والاثنين. وأنكره الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٣٠).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.","vol":"9","page":107},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّةِ أنَّها سألَت عائشةَ: أكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ ثَلاثَةَ أيَّامٍ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قُلتُ: مِن أيِّ أيّامِ الشَّهرِ كان يَصومُ؟ قالَت: ما كان يُبالِى مِن أيِّ الشَّهرِ كان يَصومُ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرُّوخَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1890>بابُ ما جاءَ في (^٣) صَومِ يَومِ الأربِعاءِ والخَميسِ والجُمُعَةِ</span>\n\n٨٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَملِى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ واقِدٍ، قال: حَدَّثَنِى أيُّوبُ بنُ نَهيكٍ مَولَى سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صامَ يَومَ الأربِعاءِ والخَميسِ والجُمُعَةِ، وتَصَدَّقَ بما قَلَّ أو كَثُرَ، غَفَرَ اللَّهُ له ذُنوبَه، وخَرَجَ مِن ذُنوبِه كَيَومِ ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^٤).\n\n٨٥٢٥ - قال أيُّوبُ بنُ نَهيكٍ: وحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٢٧)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٣٠١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٥٣) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (٢٥١٢٧)، والترمذي (٧٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٧٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٣٠) من طريق يزيد الرشك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٦٠).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: في فضل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٣٠٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٣٠ في ترجمة عبد الله بن واقد الحرانى من طريق إسحاق به. والمصنف في الشعب (٣٨٧١) من طريق عبد الله بن واقد به.","vol":"9","page":108},{"text":"عباسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَستَحِبُّ أن يَصومَ الأربِعاءَ والخَميسَ والجُمُعَةَ، ويُخبِرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ بصَومِهِنَّ وأَن يَتَصَدَّقَ بما قَلَّ أو كَثُرَ؛ فإِنَّ للَّهِ (^١) الفَضلَ الكَثيرَ (^٢). عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ واقِدٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ، وثَّقَه بَعضُ الحُفّاظِ وضَعَّفَه بَعضُهُم (^٣). ورَواه يَحيَى البابَلُتِّيُّ عن أيُّوبَ بنِ نَهيكٍ عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ عن أبي حازِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤). والبابْلُتِّيُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\nورُوِىَ في صَومِ الأربِعاءِ والخَميسِ والجُمُعَةِ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ أضعَفَ مِن هَذا عن أنَسٍ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1891>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ صَومِ داودَ ﵇</span>\n\n٨٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"له\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب عقب (٣٨٧١)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٣٠٣). وأخرجه ابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية (٧٩٥) من طريق عبد الله بن واقد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٧٢: هذا حديث منكر، وأيوب بن نهيك ضعفه أبو حاتم، وقد امتنع أبو زرعة من رواية حديثه.\n(^٣) عبد الله بن واقد أبو قتادة الحرانى مولى بنى حمان، ويقال: مولى بنى تميم. خراساني الأصل. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٩١، والكامل ٤/ ١٥٠٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٥٩، وتهذيب التهذيب ٦/ ٦٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٥٨: متروك، وكان أحمد يثنى عليه وقال: لعله كبر واختلط، وكان يدلس.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (١٣٣٠٨).\n(^٥) يحيى بن عبد الله بن الضحاك أبو سعيد البابلتى الحرانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٨٨، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٦٤، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ١٢٧، والكامل لابن على ٧/ ٢٧٠٥، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٩٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٠٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٧/ ١٩٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٣١٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٥١: ضعيف.\n(^٦) ينظر المعجم الأوسط للطبراني (٢٥٤)، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٤٧٢.","vol":"9","page":109},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزّازُ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحَبُّ الصَّلاةِ إلَى اللهِ تَعالَى صَلاةُ داودَ؛ كان يَرقُدُ شَطرَ اللَّيلِ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ ثُلُثَه بَعدَ شَطرِه، ثُمَّ يَرقُدُ آخِرَه، وأَحَبُّ الصّيامِ إلَى اللهِ صيامُ داودَ؛ كان يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن شُعبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زيادِ بنِ فيّاضٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عِياضٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صُمْ يَومًا ولَكَ أجرُ ما بَقِىَ\". قال: إنِّى أُطيقُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"صُمْ يَومَينِ ولَكَ أجرُ ما بَقِىَ\". قال: إنِّي أُطيقُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ ولَكَ أجرُ ما بَقِىَ\". قال: إنِّى أُطيقُ أكثَرَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"البزار\". وفى ص ٤: \"البزاز\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٣٧٣)، وحديث أبي جعفر الرزاز (٧٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٢١) من طريق روح به بنحوه. وتقدم في (٤٧١٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٩٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٣١، ٣٤٢٠)، ومسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٨٩).","vol":"9","page":110},{"text":"مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"صُمْ أربَعَةَ أيّامٍ ولَكَ أجرُ ما بَقِىَ\". قال: إنِّى أُطيقُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"صُمْ أفضَلَ الصّيامِ عِندَ اللهِ صَومَ داودَ؛ كان يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1892>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ الصَّومِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n٨٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صامَ يَومًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ باعَدَ اللَّهُ بذَلِكَ اليَومِ وجهَه عنِ النّارِ سَبعينَ خَريفًا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَرْدِيِّ عن سُهَيلٍ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وسُهَيلٍ عن النُّعمانِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩١٥) من طريق روح به. والنسائي (٢٣٩٣) من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. والنسائي (٢٤٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٠٦) - وعنه ابن حبان (٣٦٥٨) - من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٩٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٩٠)، والترمذي (١٦٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٢٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٧١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢١١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٤١٧) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٥٣/ ١٦٧،. . .).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٤٠)، ومسلم (١١٥٣/ ١٦٨).","vol":"9","page":111},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1893>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ الصَّومِ لمن خافَ على نَفسِه العُزوبَةَ</span>\n\n٨٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَبابًا لَيسَ لَنا شَئٌ، فَقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ الشَّبابِ مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُمُ الباهَ (^١) فليَتَزَوَّجْ؛ فإِنَّه أغَضُّ لِلبَصَرِ وأَحصَنُ لِلفَرجِ، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ فعَلَيه بالصَّومِ؛ فإنَّ الصَّومَ له وِجاءٌ (^٢) \" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1894>بابُ ما ورَدَ في صَومِ الشِّتاءِ</span>\n\n٨٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِيِّ، عن نُمَيرِ بنِ عَرِيبٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) الباه: يمد ويقصر، ويقال الباء: النكاح والتزويج. النهاية ١/ ١٦٠.\n(^٢) الوجاء: هو رض الخصيتين، والمراد أنه يقطع النكاح. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٧٣، ٧٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٢٣) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وأحمد (٤١١٢)، والترمذي (١٠٨١)، والنسائي (٢٢٤١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٦٦)، ومسلم (١٤٠٠).","vol":"9","page":112},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الصَّومُ في الشِّتاءِ الغَنيمَةُ البارِدَةُ\" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٨٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، حدثنا أنَسٌ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: ألا أدُلُّكُم على الغَنيمَةِ البارِدَةِ؟ قال: قُلنا: وما ذَلِكَ يا أبا هُرَيرَةَ؟ قال: الصَّومُ في الشِّتاءِ (^٢). هَذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٨٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن دَرّاجٍ أبي السَّمْحِ، عن أبي الهَيثَمِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشِّتاءُ رَبيعُ المُؤمِنِ؛ قَصُرَ نَهارُه فصامَ، وطالَ لَيلُه فقامَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٥٩)، والترمذي (٧٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. وعند ابن خزيمة: \"مالك\". بدلًا من: \"عامر\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٦٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد الزهد ص ١٧٧ من طريق همام به. وذكره ابن أبي حاتم في علله (٧٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧١٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وأبو يعلى في مسنده (١٠٦١) من طريق أبي السمح به مقتصرَيْنِ على: \"الشتاء ربيع المؤمن\". وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٧٤: إسناده ضعيف.","vol":"9","page":113},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1895>بابُ الأيّامِ التي نُهِىَ عن صَومِها</span>\n\n٨٥٣٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّه شَهِدَ العيدَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فصَلَّى قَبلَ أن يَخطُبَ بلا أذانٍ ولا إقامَةٍ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صيامِ هَذَينِ اليَومَينِ؛ أَمّا أحَدُهُما فيَومُ فِطرِكُم مِن صيامِكُم وعيدِكُم، وأَمّا الآخرُ فيَومٌ تأكُلونَ فيه مِن نُسُكِكُم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صيامِ يَومَينِ؛ يَومِ الأضحَى ويَومِ الفِطرِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن إسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٤٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٥٦٣٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٤). وتقدم في (٦٣٦٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٩/. . .)، والبخاري (١٩٩٠، ٥٥٧١).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٠٠، ٣٧٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٦٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٩٥)، وابن حبان (٣٥٩٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٣٨).","vol":"9","page":114},{"text":"عن مالكٍ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٨٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صيامِ يَومَينِ؛ يَومِ الفِطرِ ويَومِ الأضحَى، وعن لِبسَتَينِ؛ الصَّمّاءِ وأَن يَحتَبِىَ الرَّجُلُ في الثَّوبِ (^٢) الواحِدِ، وعن الصَّلاةِ في ساعَتَينِ؛ بَعدَ الصُّبحِ وبَعدَ العَصرِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو (^٤).\n\n٨٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ يَعنِى البغَوِىَّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن نُبَيشَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٤٦) بدون موضع الشاهد، وفى (٥٨٢١) مطولًا بدون موضع الشاهد أيضًا، وفى كلا الموضعين عن إسماعيل عن مالك. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٣٨٢٧، ١٣٩٦٤).\nوقد أخرجه في (١٩٩٣) من حديث عطاء بن ميناء عن أبي هريرة بذكر موضع الشاهد فيه. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٤٢٠٧).\n(^٢) سبق بيان معنى اشتمال الصماء عقب (٣٢٥٠)، ومعنى الاختباء في (٣٢٤٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٤١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩١٠) من طريق وهيب به. والترمذي (٧٧٢) من طريق عمرو بن يحيى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٩١، ١٩٩٢)، ومسلم ٢/ ٨٠٠ (٨٢٧/ ١٤١) مقتصرًا على ذكر الصيام.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٨٢) من طريق هشيم به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٢٨) من طريق خالد به مطولًا. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٤٦).\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٤١/ ١٤٤).","vol":"9","page":115},{"text":"٨٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في كِتابِ \"المستدرك\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأَخبَرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن أبي مُرَّةَ مَولَى أُمِّ هانِئٍ، أنَّه دَخَلَ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو على أبيه عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، فقَرَّبَ إلَيهِما طَعامًا فقالَ: كُلْ. فقالَ: إنِّى صائمٌ. فقالَ عمرٌو: كُلْ؛ فهَذِه الأيّامُ التي كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بإفطارِها ويَنهانا عن صيامِها. قال مالكٌ: وهُنَّ أيّامُ التَّشريقِ (^١).\n\n٨٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ وعُثمانُ بنُ اليَمانِ قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُلَىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الباغَندِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ اللَّخْمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي قال: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٠١)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣٥، ومالك ١/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٧٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٦١)، وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤١٨) من طريق القعنبي به. وعند مالك: عن أبي مرة عن عبد الله أنه أخبره أنه دخل على أبيه. وفى الموطأ برواية أبي مصعب (١٣٦٩) كرواية المصنف. وتقدم في (٨٣٣٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١١٣).","vol":"9","page":116},{"text":"\"يَومُ عَرَفَةَ ويَومُ النَّحرِ وأَيّامُ التَّشريقِ عيدُنا أهلَ الإسلامِ، وهِىَ أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ\" (^١).\n\n٨٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ يوسُفَ بنَ مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ الأنصارِىَّ ثُمَّ الزُّرَقِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ جَدَّتَه حَدَّثَته أنَّها رأت وهِىَ بمِنًى في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - راكِبًا يَصيحُ يقولُ: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّها أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربِ، ونِساءٍ وبِعالٍ (^٢)، وذِكرِ اللَّهِ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: عليُّ بنُ أَبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n٨٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن بِشرِ بنِ سُحَيمٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه أيّامَ التَّشريقِ يُنادِى: \"إنَّها أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ، ولا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا مُؤمِنٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الفاكهى في فوائده (١٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٠٤) من طريق المقرئ به. وأحمد (١٧٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٢٤١٩)، والترمذي (٧٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٠٠)، وابن حبان (٣٦٠٣) من طريق موسى بن على به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١١٤).\n(^٢) البِعال: النكاح ومُلاعبة الرجل أهله. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى معلقًا (٢٨٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وليس عندهما قوله: \"ونساء، وبعال، وذكر الله تعالى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٩٤) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (١٧٢٠) =","vol":"9","page":117},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1896>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ لِلمُتَمَتِّعِ في صيامِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ عن صَومِ التَّمَتُّعِ</span>\n\n٨٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى غُندَرٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عيسَى بنِ أبي لَيلَى يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ، أنَّهُما قالا: لَم يُرَخَّصْ في أيّامِ التَّشريقِ أن يُصَمنَ إلَّا لمن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا (^١).\n\n٨٥٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجِيَةَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا غُندَرٌ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: صيامُ المُتَمَتِّعِ ما بَينَ أن يُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، فإِن فاتَه صامَ أيّامَ مِنًى (^٣).\n\n٨٥٤٤ - وبِإِسنادِه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِثلَه (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n= من طريق حبيب به. والنسائي (٥٠٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٦٠) من طريق نافع بن جبير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٣٩٧).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٤٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٢٥ من طريق غندر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٩٧، ١٩٩٨).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤٢٦.","vol":"9","page":118},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ. قال البخاريُّ: وتابَعَه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n٨٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، في المُتَمَتِّعِ إذا لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا، ولَم يَصُمْ قَبلَ عَرَفَةَ: فليَصُمْ أيّامَ مِنًى (^٢).\n\n٨٥٤٦ - وبِإِسنادِه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه. مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1897>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَتَّخِذَ الرَّجُلُ صَومَ شَهرٍ يُكمِلُه مِن بَينِ الشُّهورِ أو صَومَ يَومٍ مِن بَينِ الأيَّامِ</span>\n\n٨٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ أمِّ المُؤمِنينَ أنَّها قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٩٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٠٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٠٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٨٩.","vol":"9","page":119},{"text":"كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصومُ حَتَّى نَقولَ: لا يُفطِرُ. ويُفطِرُ حَتَى نَقولَ: لا يَصومُ. وما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَكمَلَ صيامَ شَهرٍ قَطُّ إلَّا رَمَضانَ، وما رأيتُه في شَهرٍ أكثَرَ صيامًا مِنه في شَعبانَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى مَنصورٌ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ: هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخُصُّ مِنَ الأيّامِ شَيئًا؟ قالَت: لا، كان عَمَلُه دِيمَةً (^٣)، وأَيُّكُم يُطيقُ ما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُطيقُ (^٤)؟ رَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1898>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ صَومَ الدَّهرِ واستَحَبَّ القَصدَ في العِبادَةِ لمن يَخافُ الضَّعفَ على نَفسِهِ</span>\n\n٨٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨١٦) بالإسناد الأول، ومالك ١/ ٣٠٩. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٣٤) من طريق القعنبي به. وتقدم في (٨٥٠١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٦٩)، ومسلم (١١٥٦/ ١٧٥).\n(^٣) ديمة: أي دائمًا. فتح الباري ١١/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٨٢) من طريق يحيى به. والترمذي في الشمائل (٢٩٥) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (١٣٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٨١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٤٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٨٧)، ومسلم (٧٨٣/ ٢١٧).","vol":"9","page":120},{"text":"القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ المَكِّيَّ - وكانَ شاعِرًا وكانَ لا يُتَّهَمُ في الحديثِ - قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ يقولُ: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكَ تَصومُ الدَّهرَ، وتَقومُ اللَّيلَ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"إنَّكَ إذا فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ هَجَمَت (^١) له العَينُ ونَفِهَت (^٢) له النَّفسُ، لا صامَ مَن صامَ الدَّهرَ، صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهرِ، صَومُ الدَّهرِ كُلِّه\". قال: فقُلتُ: فإِنِّى أُطيقُ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: \"فصُمْ صَومَ داودَ؛ كان يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا، ولا يَفِرُّ إذا لاقَى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَم أُخبَرْ أنَّكَ تَصومُ النَّهارَ وتَقومُ اللَّيلَ؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلْ، نَمْ وقُمْ، وصُمْ\n_________\n(^١) هجمت العين: أي غارت. ينظر الفائق ٤/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) نفهت: أي أعيت. ينظر الفائق ٤/ ٩٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٧٦٦)، والنسائي (٢٣٩٧، ٢٣٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذي (٧٧٠)، والنسائي (٢٣٩٦)، وابن ماجه (١٧٠٦) من طريق حبيب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٧٩)، ومسلم (١١٥٩، ١٨٧).","vol":"9","page":121},{"text":"وأَفطِرْ؛ فإِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَليكَ حَقًّا، وإِنَّ لِعَينَيكَ عَلَيكَ (^١) حَقًّا، وإِنَّ لِزَوجِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا، وإِنَّ لِزَوْرِكَ عَلَيكَ حَقًّا، وإِنَّ بحَسْبِكَ أن تَصومَ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ؛ فإِنَّ كُلَّ حَسَنَةٍ بعَشْرِ أمثالِها، وإِذا ذاكَ [صيامُ الدَّهرِ] (^٢) كُلِّه\". قال: فشَدَّدتُ فشُدِّدَ عليَّ؛ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فصُمْ مِن كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ ثَلاثَةَ (^٣) أيّامٍ\". قال: فشَدَّدتُ فشُدِّدَ عليَّ؛ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى أجِدُ قوَّةً. قال: \"فصُمْ صيامَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ داودَ ﵇، ولا تَزِدْ على ذَلِكَ\". قال: فقُلتُ: وما كان صيامُ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ داودَ؟ قال: \"نِصفَ الدَّهرِ\" (^٤).\n\n٨٥٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ولا تَزيدَنَّ عَلَيه\". وزادَ في آخِرِه قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو يقولُ بَعدَما أدرَكَه الكِبَرُ: يا لَيتَنِى قَبِلتُ رُخصَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ وحُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ عن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"الصوم\".\n(^٣) من هنا مفقود من \"س\" وينتهى في أثناء (٨٥٧٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٨٦٧)، وابن حبان (٣٥٧١) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٦٢)، والبخاري (١٩٧٤)، والنسائي (٢٣٩٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١١٠) من طريق يحيى به مختصرًا. والنسائي (٢٣٩١) من طريق أبي سلمة به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":122},{"text":"أبي كَثيرٍ (^١).\n\n٨٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا غَيْلانُ بنُ جَريرٍ المَعْوَلِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ الزِّمّانِيِّ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ له: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، كَيفَ صَومُكَ، أو كَيفَ تَصومُ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ عنه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيه شَيئًا، فلَمّا أن سَكَنَ عنه الغَضَبُ سألَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فقالَ له: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، كَيفَ صَومُكَ، أو كَيفَ تَصومُ؟ أرأيتَ مَن صامَ الدَّهرَ كُلَّهُ؟ قال: \"لا صامَ ولا أفطَرَ\". أو قال: \"ما صامَ وما أفطَرَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ مَن صامَ يَومَينِ وأَفطَرَ يَومًا؟ قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ومَن يُطيقُ ذَلِكَ يا عُمَرُ؟ لَوَدِدتُ أنِّى فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ مَن صامَ يَومًا وأَفطَرَ يَومًا؟ قال: \"ذاكَ صومُ داودَ\". فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ مَن صامَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قال: \"يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ والسَّنَةَ التي قَبلَها\". قال: أرأيتَ مَن صامَ ثَلاثًا مِنَ الشَّهرِ؟ قال: \"ذاكَ صَومُ الدَّهرِ\". قال: أرأيتَ مَن صامَ يَومَ عاشوراءَ؟ قال: \"يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ مَن صامَ يَومَ الاثنَينِ؟ قال: \"ذاكَ يَومٌ وُلِدتُ فيه، ويَومٌ أُنزِلَت عليَّ فيه النُّبوَّةُ\" (^٢) أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَبّانَ بنِ هِلالٍ عن أبانِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٧٥)، ومسلم (١١٥٩/ ١٨٢، ١٨٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٤٧٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٦٢/. . .).","vol":"9","page":123},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1899>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ بسَردِ الصّيامِ بأسًا إذا لَم يَخَفْ على نَفسِه ضَعفًا، وأَفطَرَ الأيّامَ التي نُهِىَ عن صَومِها</span>\n\n٨٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن أبي تَميمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ يَسارٍ اليَشكُرِيِّ، حدثنا أبو تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِيُّ، عن أبي موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صامَ الدَّهرَ [ضُيِّقَت عَلَيه] (^١) جَهَنَّمُ هَكَذا\". [وعَقَدَ تِسعينَ (^٣). لَفظُ أبي داودَ] (^٢).\n\n٨٥٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي تَميمَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: مَن صامَ الدَّهرَ ضُيِّقَت عَلَيه جَهَنَّمُ هَكَذا. وعَقَدَ على تِسعينَ. لَم يَرفَعْه شُعبَةُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) معناه: ضيقت عليه فلا يدخلها، و\"على\" بمعنى \"عن\". وقيل: معناه على ظاهره، أي: تضيق عليه حصرًا له فيها لتشديده على نفسه. ينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٢٢٢، ٢٢٣. والمعنى الأول هو الموافق لمراد المصنف من الباب، والله أعلم.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وقبض أصابعه كلها. وفي رواية أبي داود قال هكذا وعقد تسعين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤١٧)، والشعب (٣٨٩١)، والطيالسى (٥١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٥٨٤) من طريق الضحاك به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٩٣: رواه أحمد والبزار والطبراني في الكبير، ورجاله رجال الصحيح. اهـ. ولم نجده في الكبير.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٥١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وابن خزيمة (٢١٥٤) من طريق قتادة به مرفوعًا.","vol":"9","page":124},{"text":"٨٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن ابنِ مُعانِقٍ [أو أبي مُعانِقٍ] (^١)، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّ في الجَنَّةِ غُرفَةً يُرَى ظاهِرُها مِن باطِنِها وباطِنُها مِن ظاهِرِها، أعَدَّها اللَّهُ لمن أَلانَ الكَلامَ وأَطعَمَ الطَّعامَ وتابَعَ الصِّيامَ وصَلَّى باللَّيلِ والنّاسُ نيامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ الضَّبِّيَّ حَدَّثَه عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، أحسِبُه عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَريَّةٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، مُرنِى بأَمرٍ يَنفَعُنِى اللهُ بهِ. قال: \"عَلَيكَ بالصّيامِ؛ فإِنَّه لا مِثلَ له\". قال: فكانَ أبو أُمامَةَ لا يُلقَى إلَّا صائمًا هو وامرأتُه وخادِمُه، فإِذا رُئىَ في دارِه دُخانٌ بالنَّهارِ قيلَ: اعتَراهُم ضَيفٌ. ثُمَّ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ أمَرتَنِى بأَمرٍ أرجو اللَّهَ أن يَكونَ قَد بارَكَ اللهُ لِى فيهِ، فمُرنِي بأَمرٍ. قال: \"اعلَمْ أنَّكَ لا تَسجُدُ للهِ سَجدَةً إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٢٠)، وفى الشعب (٣٨٩٢)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٨٨٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٩٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٩). وعند ابن خزيمة: \"عن ابن معانق أو أبي مالك الأشعري\". وليس عند ابن حبان \"أو أبي معانق\". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٩٢: رواه أحمد ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"9","page":125},{"text":"رَفَعَكَ اللهُ بها دَرَجَةً، أو (^١) كَتَبَ لَكَ بها حَسَنَةً، أو (^١) حَطَّ عَنكَ بها سَيِّئَةً\" (^٢). تابَعَه مَهدِيُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ (^٣). ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ عن أبي نَصرٍ الهِلالِيِّ عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ عن أبي أُمامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قَد كان يَسرُدُ الصّيامَ قَبلَ أن يَموتَ (^٥). قال نافِعٌ: وسَرَدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ في آخِرِ زَمانِهِ (^٦).\n\n٨٥٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ جَشِيبٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ زُرعَةَ بنَ ثُوَبٍ يقولُ: سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن صيامِ الدَّهرِ، قال: كُنّا نَعُدُّ أولَئكَ فينا مِنَ السّابِقينَ. قال: وسألتُه عن صيامِ يَومٍ وفِطرِ يَومٍ. قال: لَم يَدَعْ ذَلِكَ لِصائمٍ مَصامًا. قال: وسألتُه عن صيامِ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ. فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢٢٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٢١٤٠) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي يعقوب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٠٩٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٤١)، والنسائي (٢٢١٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٤٩)، والنسائي (٢٢٢١)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه الفريابى في الصيام (١٢١)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٥٠٨ - مسند عمر) من طريق عبيد الله عن نافع عن ابن عمر.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٢١٨ - مسند ابن عباس) بلفظ: \"كان ابن عمر يسرد الصوم، فإذا سافر أفطر\". وفى (٢١٩) بلفظ: \"ما رأيت ابن عمر صائمًا في سفر، ولا مفطرًا في حضر\".","vol":"9","page":126},{"text":"صامَ ذَلِكَ الدَّهرَ وأَفطَرَه (^١).\n\n٨٥٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وحَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت تَصومُ الدَّهرَ في السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّ بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: لَقَد رأيتُ عائشةَ في سَفَرٍ صائمَةً، فقامَت تَركَبُ بَعدَ العَصرِ [فضَرَبَها سَمومٌ] (^٣) حَتَّى لَم تُطِقْ تَركَبُ (^٤).\n\n٨٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ثابِتٍ وحُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان أبو طَلحَةَ لا يَصومُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن أجلِ الغَزوِ، فلَمّا ماتَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لَم أرَه مُفطِرًا إلَّا يَومَ الفِطرِ أو يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٥).\n\n٨٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١٥٦) من طريق بحر بن نصر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٧١ من طريق حيوة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"فضربتها سموم\". والسموم: هو حر النهار. النهاية ٢/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٠٦٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٧٠ من طريق القاسم بنحره.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن غطريف في جزئه (٨١) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وليس عنده: \"من أجل الغزو\". وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٥٢٤ - مسند عمر) من طريق شعبة عن حميد به.","vol":"9","page":127},{"text":"الحَسَنِ القاضِى بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان أبو طَلحَةَ لا يَصومُ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لَم أرَه مُفطِرًا إلَّا يَومَ فِطرٍ أو أضحًى (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1900>بابُ النَّهىِ عن تَخصيصِ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ بالصَّومِ</span>\n\n٨٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَبدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ: هَل نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن صَومِ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ؟ قال: إىْ ورَبِّ هَذا البَيتِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي عاصِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤). قال البخاريُّ: زادَ غَيرُ أبي عاصِمٍ: أن يُفرَدَ بصَومٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفريابى في الصيام (١٢٧)، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٣٦٧)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٥٢٣ - مسند عمر) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن ماجه (١٧٢٤) من طريق عبد الحميد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٩٨٤)، ومسلم (١١٤٣/. . .).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (١٩٨٤). وفيه: \"ينفرد\". بدلًا من: \"يفرد\".","vol":"9","page":128},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هذه الزّيادَةُ ذَكَرَها يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قَصَّرَ بإِسنادِه فلَم يَذكُرْ فيه عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ جُبَيرٍ (^١).\nوقَد رويَت هذه الزّيادَةُ في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ وغَيرِهِ:\n\n٨٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَصومُ أحَدُكُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَّا أن يَصومَ قَبلَه يَومًا أو بَعدَه يَومًا\" (^٢).\n\n٨٥٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى وإسحاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"لا يَصُمْ أحَدُكُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ إلَّا أن يَصومَ قَبلَه أو يَصومَ بَعدَه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٤٢)، وفى المعرفة (٢٦١٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٧٢٣) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وأحمد (١٠٤٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٥٨) من طريق الأعمش.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦١٤) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٤٤/ ١٤٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٩٨٥)، ومسلم (١١٤٤/ ١٤٧).","vol":"9","page":129},{"text":"٨٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَختَصُّوا لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ بقيامٍ مِن بَينِ اللَّيالِى، ولا تَختَصُّوا يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ بصيامٍ مِن بَينِ الأيّامِ إلَّا أن يَكونَ في صَومٍ يَصومُه أحَدُكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن الحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن جوَيريَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ وهىَ صائمَةٌ فقالَ: \"صُمتِ أمسِ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فتَصومينَ غَدًا؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فأَفطِرِى\" (^٣).\n\n٨٥٦٨ - وبِإسنادِه قال: حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، بإسنادِه نَحوَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٥١)، وابن خزيمة (١١٧٦) - وعنه ابن حبان (٢٦١٣) - من طريق حسين به. وأحمد (٩١٢٧) من طريق ابن سيرين بمعناه مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٤٤/ ١٤٨).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٤١٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٥٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٩٨٦).","vol":"9","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1901>بابُ ما ورَدَ مِنَ النَّهىِ عن تَخصيصِ يَومِ السَّبتِ بالصَّومِ</span>\n\n٨٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، اخبرَنا ثَورُ بنُ [يَزيدَ (ح)] (^١) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ثورٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعْدانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُسرٍ، عن أُختِه الصَّمّاءِ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَصُوموا يَومَ السَّبتِ، وإِن لَم يَجِدْ أحَدُكُم إلَّا عودًا فليَمضُغْه\". [لَفظُ حَديثِ الدَّقّاقِ. وفي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَبْدانَ: \"لا يَصومَنَّ أحَدُكُم يومَ السَّبتِ إلَّا فيما افتُرِضَ عَلَيه، وإِن لَم يَجِدْ إلَّا لِحاءَ (^٢) شَجَرَةٍ فليَمضُغْه] (١) \" (^٣). ورَواه أيضًا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وغَيرُه عن ثَورٍ. أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٤).\n\n٨٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُسرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمَّتِه الصَّمّاءِ أنَّها كانَت تَقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن صَومِ يَومِ السَّبتِ، ويَقولُ: \"إن لَم يَجِدْ أحَدُكُم إلَّا عودًا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٢) اللحاء: القشر. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٦٣) من طريق أبي عاصم به. والترمذي (٧٤٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٦٢، ٢٧٦٣، ٢٧٦٤)، وابن ماجه (١٧٢٦) من طريق ثور به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٤٢١).","vol":"9","page":131},{"text":"أخضَرَ فليُفطِرْ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n٨٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهب قال: سَمِعتُ اللَّيثَ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه كان إذا ذُكِرَ له أنَّه نُهِىَ عن صيامِ يَومِ السَّبتِ، قال: هَذا حَديثٌ حِمصِيُّ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: ما زِلتُ له كاتِمًا، ثُمَّ رأيتُه انتَشَرَ. يَعنِى حَديثَ ابنِ بُسرٍ هَذا في صَومِ يَومِ السَّبتِ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ جوَيريَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ في البابِ قَبلَه، ما دَلَّ على جَوازِ صَومِ يَومِ السَّبتِ (^٤)، وكأنَّه أرادَ بالنَّهىِ تَخصيصَه بالصَّومِ على طَريقِ التَّعظيمِ له، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٥٧٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٦٠) من طريق الليث به. وابن خزيمة (٢١٦٤) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وعنده: \"عبد الله بن شقيق\". بدلًا من: \"ابن عبد الله ابن بسر\". وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨: إسناد صالح حسن.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٢٣) من طريق عبد الملك بن شعيب به. وقول الزهري: هذا حديث حمصي. يريد أنه لا يعده حديثا، كأنه ضعفه. شرح معاني الآثار ٢/ ٨١، وينظر البدر المنير ٥/ ٧٦٢، والتخيص الحبير ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٤٢٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٤١٩، ٨٥٦٧).","vol":"9","page":132},{"text":"المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيه أنَّ كُرَيبًا مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ [أخبَرَه أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ] (^١) وناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثونِي إلَى أُمِّ سلمةَ أسأَلُها عن أىِّ الأيَّامِ كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أكثَرَ لَها صيامًا؟ فقالَت: يَومُ السَّبتِ والأحَدِ. فرَجَعتُ إلَيهِم فأَخبَرتُهُم، فكأنَّهُم أنكَروا ذَلِكَ، فقاموا بأَجْمَعِهِم إلَيها فقالوا: إنّا بَعَثنا إلَيكِ هَذا في كَذا وكَذا، فذَكَرَ أنَّكِ قُلتِ: كَذا وكَذا. فقالَت: صَدَقَ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أكثَرَ ما كان يَصومُ مِنَ الأيّامِ يَومُ السَّبتِ والأحَدِ، وكانَ يقولُ: \"إنَّهُما يَوما عيدٍ لِلمُشرِكينَ، وأَنا أُريدُ أن أُخالِفَهُم\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1902>بابٌ: المَرأَةُ لا تَصومُ تَطَوُّعًا وبَعلُها شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِهِ</span>\n\n٨٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامٍ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَصومُ المَرأَةُ وبَعلُها شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإذنِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٦، وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٥٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٧٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٦٧) - وعنه ابن حبان (٣٦١٦) - من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨١: عبد الله خرج له أبو داود والنسائي، وهذا مما يتفرد به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٦٥). وتقدم في (٧٩٢٦)، وسيأتي في (١٤٨٢٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٢٦).","vol":"9","page":133},{"text":"٨٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ عِندَه فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ زَوجِى صَفوانَ بنَ المُعَطَّلِ يَضرِبُنِى إذا صَلَّيتُ، ويُفَطِّرُنِي إذا صُمتُ، ولا يُصَلِّى صَلاةَ الفَجرِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ. قال: وصَفوانُ عِندَه، فسألَه عَمّا قالَت، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أمّا قَولُها: يَضرِبُنِى إذا صَلَّيتُ. فإِنَّها تَقرأُ بسورَتَينِ نَهَيتُها عَنهُما، وقُلتُ: لَو كانَت سورَةً واحِدَةً لَكَفَتِ النّاسَ. وأَمّا قَولُها: يُفَطِّرُنِي إذا صُمتُ. فإِنَّها تَنطَلِقُ وتَصومُ وأَنا رَجُلٌ شابٌّ فلا أصبِرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ: \"لا تَصومُ امرأةٌ إلَّا بإِذنِ زَوجِها\". وأَمّا قَولُها بأَنِّى لا أُصَلِّى حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ. فإِنّا أهلُ بَيتٍ قَد عُرِفَ لَنا ذاكَ، لا نَكادُ نَستَيقِظُ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ. قال: \"فإذا استَيقَظتَ فصَلِّ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1903>بابٌ في فضلِ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ وفَضلِ الصّيامِ على سَبيلِ (^٢) الاختِصارِ</span>\n\n٨٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ (^٣) الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وَهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ أبي أنَسٍ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٦، وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٤٥٩) من طريق عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وابن حبان (١٤٨٨) من طريق جرير به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨٢: وجاء نحوه من مراسيل أبي المتوكل.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"طريق\".\n(^٣) هنا انتهى المفقود من: \"س\" المشار إليه في (٨٥٥٠).","vol":"9","page":134},{"text":"أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا جاءَ رَمَضانُ فُتِحَت أبوابُ الجَنَّةِ (^١)، وغُلِّقَت أبوابُ جَهَنَّمَ، وسُلسِلَتِ الشَّياطينُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنُ السَّمَّاكِ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان أوَّلُ لَيلَةٍ مِن رَمَضانَ صُفِّدَتِ الشَّياطينُ مَرَدَةُ الجِنِّ، وغُلِّقَت أبوابُ النّارِ فلَم يُفتَحْ مِنها بابٌ، وفُتِحَت أبوابُ الجِنَانِ (^٤) فلَم (^٥) يُغلَقْ مِنها بابٌ، ونادَى مُنادٍ: يا باغِىَ الخَيرِ أقبِلْ، ويا باغِىَ الشَّرِّ أقصِرْ، ولِلهِ عُتَقاءُ مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٦).\n\n٨٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الجنان\".\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٣٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٠٠) من طريق الربيع به. وابن حبان (٣٤٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٩٢٠٤) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (٧٩٨٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٧٩/ ٢)، والبخاري (١٨٩٩).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"الجنة\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فلا\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٩٨)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٣٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٢١ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٨٢)، وابن ماجه (١٦٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٤٣٥) من طريق أبي بكر ابن عياش به. وعند الترمذي وابن ماجه وابن حبان بزيادة: \"وذلك كل ليلة\". وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨٢: قال البخاري: رواه أبو الأحوص عن الأعمش عن مجاهد قوله، وهو أصح.","vol":"9","page":135},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ قالا: حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ تَميمٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أظَلَّكُم شَهرُ رَمَضانَ، بمَحلوفِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما مَضَى على المُسلِمينَ شَهرٌ خَيرٌ لَهُم مِنه، ولا بالمُنافِقينَ شَهرٌ شَرٌّ لَهُم مِنه، بمَحلوفِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَكتُبُ أجرَه ونَوافِلَه مِن قَبلِ أن يَدخُلَ، ويَكتُبُ وِزرَه وشَقاءَه قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّ المُؤمِنَ يُعِدُّ له النَّفَقَةَ لِلعِبادَةِ، وأَنَّ المُنافِقَ يُعِدُّ فيه غَفَلاتِ المُسلِمينَ واتِّباعَ عَوراتِهِم، فهو غُنمٌ لِلمُؤمِنِ يَغتَنِمُه الفاجِرُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٥٧٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الوَرّاقُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ تَميمٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ونِقمَةٌ لِلفاجِرِ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٨٤) من طريق أبي أحمد الزبيرى به. وابن خزيمة (١٨٨٤) من طريق كثير به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٤٠، ١٤١: رواه أحمد والطبراني في الأوسط عن تميم مولى ابن رمانة ولم أجد من ترجمه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٧٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وفيه: \"يغتنمه الفاجر\".","vol":"9","page":136},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ بلالٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا القاضِى أبو عُمَرَ (^١) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الهَيثَمِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ القاضِى بالأهوازِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ارتَقَى المِنبَرَ فقالَ: \"آمينَ آمينَ آمينَ\". فقيلَ له: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما كُنتَ تَصنَعُ هَذا! فقالَ: \"قال لِى جِبرِيلُ ﵇: رَغِمَ أنفُ (^٢) عبدٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيه رَمَضانُ فلَم يُغفَرْ له. فقُلتُ: آمينَ. ثُمَّ قال: رَغِمَ أنفُ عبدٍ ذُكِرتَ عِندَا فلَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيكَ. فقُلتُ: آمينَ. ثُمَّ قال: رَغِمَ أنفُ عبدٍ أدرَكَ والِدَيه أو أحَدَهُما فلَم يَدخُلِ الجَنَّةَ. فقُلتُ: آمينَ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: رَقِىَ المِنبَرَ وقالَ: \"رَغِمَ أنفُ عبدٍ\". أو: \"بَعِدَ\".\n\n٨٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمِ بنِ محمدٍ الدِّهْقانُ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبْدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ قُرْطٍ أنَّ عَطاءَ بنَ يَسارٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ فعَرَفَ حُدودَه، وتَحَفَّظَ له ما يَنبَغِى له أن يَتَحَفَّظَ فيه كَفَّرَ ما قَبلَه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٤٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) رغم أنفه، إذا ساخ في الرغام، وهو التراب، ثم استعمل في الذل والعجز عن الانتصاف من الظالم. الفائق ٢/ ٦٨، وينظر إكمال المعلم ١/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٥٥) بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٨٨) من طريق الربيع بن سليمان به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨٣: إسناده صالح.\n(^٤) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٢٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٣٣) من طريق =","vol":"9","page":137},{"text":"٨٥٨١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن صامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ القُرَشِيُّ (^٣) أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ هو له إلَّا الصيامَ (^٤) هو لِى وأَنا أجزِى به،\n_________\n= ابن المبارك به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨٣: ابن قرظ - الصواب: قرط بالطاء - لا أعرفه، وذكره ابن أبي حاتم كما هنا فقط. اهـ. وهو عند ابن أبي حاتم ٥/ ١٤٠، وفيه: عبد الله بن قريط.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٩٩)، وفى الشعب (٣٦٠٩)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٣٩)، ومعجم ابن الأعرابى (٢٠٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٠)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٢)، والنسائي (٢٢٠١، ٢٢٠٢، ٢٢٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٤) من طريق سفيان به. ومسلم (٧٦٠/ ١٧٥)، والترمذي (٦٨٣)، وابن ماجه (١٣٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣٤٣٢) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠١٤).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"حدثنا\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤، م: \"الصوم\".","vol":"9","page":138},{"text":"والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَخُلوفُ فمِ الصّائمِ أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وقالَ: قال اللَّهُ ﷿: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ\". وذكره (^٢).\n\n٨٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"والّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَخُلوفُ فمِ الصّائمِ أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ، إنَّما يَترُكُ شَهوَتَه وطَعامَه وشرابَه مِن أجلِى، [والصيامُ لِى] (^٣) وأَنا أجزِى به، كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ، بعَشْرِ (^٤) أمثالِها إلَى سَبعِمِائَةِ ضِعفٍ، إلَّا الصّيامَ فهو لِى وأَنا أجزِى به\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٦).\n\n٨٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ أبو الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٢١٧) من طريق الربيع بن سليمان به. وزاد ما زاده مسلم. وأحمد (٧٧٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٢٦١) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦١).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) في م: \"بعشرة\". على الأصل من مخالفة العدد للمعدود في مثل هذا، والمثبت موافق لمصادر التخريج، وتقديره: \"بعشر حسنات\". ينظر عمدة القارى ١٠/ ٢٦١.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣١٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٦٩٣).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٨٩٤).","vol":"9","page":139},{"text":"قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ يُضاعَفُ؛ الحَسَنَةُ عَشرُ أمثالِها إلَى سَبعِمِائَةِ ضِعفٍ، قال اللَّهُ ﷿: إلَّا الصَّومَ فإِنَّه لِى وأَنا أجزِى بهِ؛ يَدَعُ طَعامَه وشَهوَتَه مِن أجلِى. لِلصّائمِ فرحَتانِ؛ فرحَةٌ عِندَ فِطرِه، وفَرحَةٌ عِندَ لِقاءِ رَبِّهِ، ولَخُلوفُ فِيه أطيَبُ عِندَ الله مِن ريحِ المِسكِ، الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ، الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو الطيبِ المُظَفَّرُ بنُ سَهلٍ الخَليلِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أيّوبَ بنِ حَسّانَ الواسِطِيُّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا سألَ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، فيما يَرويه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن رَبِّه ﷿: \"كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابنِ آدَمَ له إلَّا الصَّومَ فإنَّه لِى وأَنا أجزِى به\". فقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: هَذا مِن أجوَدِ الأحاديثِ وأَحكَمِها، إذا كان يَومُ القيامَةِ يُحاسِبُ اللهُ ﷿ عبدَه، ويُؤَدِّى ما عَلَيه مِنَ المَظالِمِ مِن سائرِ عَمَلِه حَتَّى لا يَبقَى إلا الصَّومُ، فيَتَحَمَّلُ اللهُ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِنَ المَظالِمِ ويُدخِلُه بالصَّومِ الجَنَّةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ الشيخُ الصّالِحُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ في الجَنَّةِ بابًا يُقالُ له: الرَّيّانُ، يَدخُلُ مِنه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٤٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٥١/ ١٦٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٤٠٩).","vol":"9","page":140},{"text":"الصّائمونَ [يَومَ القيامَةِ] (^١) لا يَدخُلُ مَعَهُم غَيرُهُم يُقالُ: أينَ الصّائمونَ؟ فيَدخُلونَ مِنه، فإذا دَخَلَ آخِرُهُم أُغلِقَ فلَم يَدخُلْ مَعَهُم أحَدٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن خالِدٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٥٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بطُوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لِلجَنَّةِ (^٥) ثَمانيَةُ أبوابٍ، مِنها بابٌ يُسَمَّى الرَّيّانَ لا يَدخُلُه إلَّا الصّائمونَ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٧).\n\n٨٥٨٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً وأبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ مَولاةً لَنا يُقالُ لَها: لَيلَى تُحَدِّثُ عن جَدَّتِي أُمِّ عُمارَةَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤١١)، والشعب (٣٥٨٤)، والبعث والنشور (٢٥٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٤٢٠) من طريق خالد بن مخلد به. وأحمد (٢٢٨١٨)، والترمذي (٧٦٥)، والنسائي (٢٢٣٥، ٢٢٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٦٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٩٠٢) من طريق أبي حازم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٩٦)، ومسلم (١١٥٢).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"إملاء\".\n(^٥) في م: \"إن للجنة\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٧٩٥) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٧) البخاري (٣٢٥٧).","vol":"9","page":141},{"text":"بنتِ كَعبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها فدَعَت له بطَعامٍ، فقالَ لَها: \"كُلِى\". فقالَت: إنِّي صائمَةٌ. فقالَ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الصّائمَ إذا أُكِلَ عِندَه صَلَّت عَلَيه المَلائكَةُ حَتَّى يَفرُغُوا\". أو قال: ورُبَّما قال: \"حَتَّى يَقضُوا أكلَهُم\" (^١).\n\n٨٥٨٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا ابنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قال عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن السّائِحِينَ، فقالَ: \"هُمُ الصّائمونَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1904>بابُ الجُودِ والإفضالِ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أجوَدَ النّاسِ بالخَيرِ، وكانَ أجوَدَ ما يَكونُ في رَمَضانَ حينَ يَلقاه جِبرِيلُ ﵇، وكانَ جِبرِيلُ يَلقاه كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ في رَمَضانَ حَتَّى يَنسَلِخَ، يَعرِضُ عَلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - القُرآنَ، فإِذا لَقيَه جِبرِيلُ كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٦١)، والترمذي (٧٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٧٤٨) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٢٠). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٢/ ١٠، ١١ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":142},{"text":"أجوَدَ بالخَيرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ المُرسَلَةِ (^١).\n\n٨٥٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبي مُزاحِمٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الدّارِمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَرْكانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبي مُزاحِمٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٥٩٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُّ الصَّومِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"صّومُ شَعبانَ تَعظيمًا لِرَمَضانَ\". قال: فأَيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"صَدَقَةٌ في رَمَضانَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٢٥)، والترمذي في الشمائل (٣٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٤٤٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. والنسائي (٢٠٩٤) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٠٢، ٤٩٩٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٠٨/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٨١٩)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٢٠). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٤٣١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به مقصرًا على الصيام. والترمذي (٦٦٣) من طريق صدقة به، وقال: حديث غريب، وصدقة بن موسى ليس عندهم بذاك القوى. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٨٥: صدقة ضعفوه.","vol":"9","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1905>بابُ ما جاءَ في: الطّاعِمُ الشّاكِرُ في غَيرِ أيّامِ الفَرضِ كالصّائمِ الصّابِرِ</span>\n\n٨٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُّ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعِيدًا المَقبُرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الطّاعِمُ الشّاكِرُ كالصّائمِ الصّابِرِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٥٩٤ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن مَعنِ بنِ محمدٍ الغِفارِيِّ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ عليٍّ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي هريرةَ بالبَقيعِ فسَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الطّاعِمُ الشّاكِرُ مِثلُ الصّائمِ الصّابِرِ\" (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عن عُمَرَ بنِ على عن مَعنٍ عن المَقبُرِيِّ وحَنظَلَةَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٧٣)، وعنه أحمد (٧٨٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٩٩) من طريق عمر بن على به. وابن ماجه (١٧٦٤) من طريق معن بن محمد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٤٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٨٩٨) من طريق عمر بن على به.","vol":"9","page":144},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي حُرَّةَ، عن عَمِّه حَكيمِ بنِ أبي حُرَّةَ، عن سَلمانَ الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ لِلطّاعِمِ الشّاكِرِ مِنَ الأجرِ مِثلَ ما لِلصّائمِ الصّابِرِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1906>بابُ فضلِ لَيلَةِ القَدرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: بسمِ الله الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ ﴿إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (١) وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ (٢) لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ (٣) تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (ضض ٤) سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ (٥)﴾ [سورة القدر].\n\n٨٥٩٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ﴾ قال: أُنزِلَ القُرآنُ في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ جُملَةً واحِدَةً إلَى سَماءِ الدُّنيا، وكانَ بمَوقِعِ النُجومِ، وكانَ اللَّهُ ﷿ يُنزِلُه على رسولِه - ﷺ - بَعضَه في إثرِ بَعضٍ، فَقالَ اللهُ ﷿: وقالوا (^٢): ﴿لَوْلَا نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً كَذَلِكَ لِنُثَبِّتَ بِهِ فُؤَادَكَ وَرَتَّلْنَاهُ تَرْتِيلًا﴾ (^٣) [الفرقان: ٣٢].\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ١٣٦. وفيه: \"حكيم بن أبي درة\". بدلًا من: \"حكيم بن أبي حرة\". و\"سليمان الأغر\". بدلًا من: \"سلمان الأغر\". وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٨٩) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وقع \"وقالوا\" وإنما هو ﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْلَا﴾ الآية\". اهـ. وواضح أنه سبق قلم، وقد وضعنا \"وقالوا\" خارج قوس الآية.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٣١، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٣٠ وصححه. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى =","vol":"9","page":145},{"text":"٨٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ ابنُ (^١) السَّقّاءِ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بنَيسابورَ قال: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِيُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِيُّ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى إسرائيلَ لَبِسَ السِّلاحَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ألفَ شَهرٍ. قال: فعَجِبَ المُسلِمونَ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (١) وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ (٢) لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ﴾. التي لَبِسَ فيها ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ السِّلاحَ في سَبيلِ الله ألفَ شَهرٍ (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٨٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قامَ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ، إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه، ومَن صامَ رَمَضانَ إيمانًا واحتِسابًا غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ\n_________\n= (١١٦٨٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^١) ليس في: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٧٧). وأخرجه الواحدى في أسباب النزول ١/ ٣٠٣، ٣٠٤ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١١٧)، والنسائي (٢٢٠٥) من طريق هشام به. والنسائي (٢٢٠٦) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به. والترمذي (٦٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٤) من طريق أبي سلمة به. وعند بعضهم مقتصرًا على ذكر الشاهد. وتقدم تخريج الشطر الثاني منه في (٨٥٨١).","vol":"9","page":146},{"text":"مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ عن أبيهِ (^١).\n\n٨٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَيُّويَه الإسفَرايينِيُّ في سنةِ ثَمانٍ وخَمسينَ ومِائَتَينِ، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يَقُمْ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ فيوافِيَها (^٢) إيمانًا واحتِسابًا يُغفَرْ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ورقاءَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1907>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّها في كُلِّ رَمَضانٍ</span>\n\n٨٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ الحَربِيُّ في جامِعِ الحَربيَّةِ ببغدادَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ، عن أبي زُمَيلٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ لأبِى ذَرٍّ: سألتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ؟ قال: أنا كُنتُ أسأَلَ عَنها - يَعنِى أشَدَّ الناسِ مَسأَلَةً عَنها - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخبِرْنِي عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ، أفِى رَمَضانَ؟ يَعنِى أو في غَيرِهِ. فقال: \"لا، بَل في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ\". فقُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أتَكونُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٠١)، ومسلم (٧٦٠/ ١٧٥).\n(^٢) في س: \"فيوافقها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٤١٢) من طريق أبي اليمان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٥)، ومسلم (٧٦٠/ ١٧٦).","vol":"9","page":147},{"text":"مَعَ الأنبياءِ ما كانوا فإِذا قُبِضَتِ الأنبياءُ ورُفِعوا رُفِعَت مَعَهُم، أو هِىَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل هِىَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال: قُلتُ: فأَخبِرنِى في أىِّ شَهرِ رَمَضانَ هِىَ؟ قال: \"الْتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ والعَشرِ الأُوَلِ\". ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - وحَدَّثَ، فاهتَبَلتُ غَفلَتَه فقُلتُ (^١): يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، أخبِرنِى في أىِّ عَشرٍ هِىَ؟ قال: \"الْتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، ولا تَسأَلْنِى عن شَئٍ بَعدَ هَذا\". ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ وحَدَّثَ، فاهتَبَلتُ غَفلَتَه فقُلتُ: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ بحَقِّى عَلَيكَ لَتُحَدِّثَنِّى في أىِّ العَشرِ هِىَ؟ فغَضِبَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَضَبًا ما غَضِبَ علىَّ مِن قَبلُ ولا بَعدُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"الْتَمِسوها في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ، ولا تَسأَلْنِى عن شَئٍ بَعدُ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٦٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أسمَعُ عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ، فقالَ: \"هِىَ في كُلِّ رَمَضانٍ\" (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ وشُعبَةُ عن أبي إسحاقَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عُمَرَ لَم يَرفَعاه إلى\n_________\n(^١) قال أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٦: مثل قولك: تحينت غفلته واغتنمتها، واحتلت لها حتى وجدتها.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٤٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٧٠) من طريق عكرمة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٧٧: ومرثد هذا لم يرو عنه غير أبيه مالك وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٨٧) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٩٦).","vol":"9","page":148},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1908>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"تَحَرَّوا ليلَةَ القَدرِ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُرِيتُ ليلَةَ القَدرِ، ثُمَّ أيقَظَنِى بَعضُ أهلِى فنُسِّيتُها، فالْتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الغَوابِرِ (^٤) \" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٦١٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٥٤٥ من طريق سفيان به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٨٤ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣٢)، والترمذي (٧٩٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٢٠)، ومسلم (١١٦٩).\n(^٤) الغوابر: البواقى. ينظر التاج ١٣/ ١٨٦ (غ ب ر).\n(^٥) ابن وهب موطئه (٣٠٤)، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٩٧)، =","vol":"9","page":149},{"text":"وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ ومُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1909>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها في الوِترِ مِنَ العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ</span>\n\n٨٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيان، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: رأى رَجُلٌ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، فقالَ - ﷺ -: \"أَرَى رُؤياكُم قَد تَواطأت على هَذا، فاطلُبوها في العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٦٠٥ - رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن سُفيانَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه قال: رأى رَجُلٌ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ لَيلَةَ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرَى (^٤) رُؤياكُم (^٥) في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، فاطلُبوها\n_________\n= وابن حبان (٣٦٧٨).\n(^١) مسلم (١١٦٦). وقال مسلم عقيبه: قال حرملة: \"فَنسيتُها\". من غير تضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢١١) من طريق جبلة ومحارب به. وأحمد (٥٥٣٤) من طريق جبلة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٨٦)، وفى دلائل النبوة ٧/ ٣٢، ٣٩. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في معجمه (١٠٠٠) من طريق سعدان بن نصر به.\n(^٤) في م: \"إن\".\n(^٥) بعده في س: \"تواطأت\".","vol":"9","page":150},{"text":"في الوِترِ مِنها\" (^١). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النّاقِدُ وزُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٨٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي سُهَيلٍ نافِعِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحَرَّوا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في الوِترِ مِنَ العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nورُوِّيناه أيضًا عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وغَيرِه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1910>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها في الشَّفعِ مِنَ العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ فإِنَّه إذا عُدَّ الشَّهرُ مِن آخِرِه كانَت أشفاعُه أوتاوًا</span>\n\n٨٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢٠٧).\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٥٤٨٤) عن عمرو الناقد وحده.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠١٧).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٨٦٦٣) وما بعدها، وتقدم عن أبي هريرة في (٨٦٠٣).","vol":"9","page":151},{"text":"ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَسعودٍ يَعنِى الجُرَيرِىَّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ (^١) قال: اعتَكَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العَشْرَ الأوسَطَ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ يَلتَمِسُ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ قَبلَ أن تُبانَ له، فلَمّا انقَضَينَ أمَرَ بالبِناءِ فنُقِضَ ورُفِعَ، ثُمَّ أُبينَت له في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ فأَمَرَ بالبِناءِ فأُعيدَ مَكانَه، واعتَكَفَ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، وخَرَجَ عَلَينا فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّي أُنبِئتُ بلَيلَةِ القَدرِ، فخَرَجتُ كَيما أُحَدِّثَكُم بها - أو أُخبِرَكُم بها - فتَلاحَى (^٢) رَجُلانِ يَحتَقّانِ (^٣) مَعَهُما الشَّيطانُ فأُنسيتُها، فالتَمِسوها في التّاسِعَةِ والسّابِعَةِ والخامِسَةِ\". قال أبو نَضرَةَ: فقُلتُ لأبِى سعيدٍ: إنَّكُم أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أعلَمُ بالعَدَدِ مِنّا، فكَيفَ نَعُدُّهُنَّ؟ قال: أجَل نَحنُ أحقُّ (^٤) بذَلِكَ مِنكُم؛ إذا مَضت إحدَى وعِشرونَ فالَّتِى تَليها التّاسِعَةُ، فإِذا مَضَتِ التي تَليها فالَّتِى تَليها السّابِعَةُ، فإِذا مَضَتِ التي تَليها فالَّتِى تَليها الخامِسَةُ (^٥). قال أبو مَسعودٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو العَلاءِ عن مُطرِّفٍ عن مُعاويَةَ أنَّه قال: \"وفِي الثَّالِثَةِ\" (^٦). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الأعلَى عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: إذا مَضَت واحِدَةٌ وعِشرونَ فالَّتِى تَليها\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"الخدري\".\n(^٢) تلاحى رجلان: تخاصما. وقيل: تسابا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٣) يختصمان ويقول كل واحد منهما: الحق معى. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أعلم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٧٦)، وأبو داود (١٣٨٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٤٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٦٦١) من طرق عن الجريرى مختصرًا ومطولًا.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٦١).","vol":"9","page":152},{"text":"[ثِنتَينِ وعِشرينَ] (^١) وهِىَ التّاسِعَةُ. ولَم يَذكُرْ حَديثَ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"التَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ؛ في تاسِعَةٍ تَبقَى، وفِي سابِعَةٍ تَبقَى، وفِي خامِسَةٍ تَبقَى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سلمةَ موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤)، قال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه عبدُ الوَهّابِ عن أيّوبَ وعن خالِدٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: \"التَمِسوا في أربَعٍ وعِشرينَ\" (^٥).\n\n٨٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن لاحِقِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ قالا: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: مَن يَعلَمُ مَتَى لَيلَةُ القَدرِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هِىَ في العَشرِ، وهِىَ في تِسعٍ (^٦) يَمضِينَ أو في سَبعٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ثنتان وعشرون\". وقال الإمام النووي: هكذا هو في أكثر النسخ: \"ثنتين وعشرين\" بالياء، وفى بعضها: \"ثنتان وعشرون\" بالألف والواو، والأول أصوب، وهو منصوب بفعل محذوف تقديره: أعنى ثنتين وعشرين. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٦٤. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٨٦١١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٦٧/ ٢١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٣٨١) عن أبي سلمة موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٥٢٠) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٢١).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٢٠٢٢) بلفظ: قال عبد الوهاب.\n(^٦) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"بخطه: سبع\".","vol":"9","page":153},{"text":"يَبقَينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي الأسوَدِ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1911>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها لَيلَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ</span>\n\n٨٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الوُسُطَ (^٣) مِن رَمَضانَ، فاعتَكَفَ عامًا حَتَّى إذا كان لَيلَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ وهِىَ اللَّيلَةُ التي يَخرُجُ فيها (^٤) مِنِ اعتِكافِه قال: \"مَنِ اعتَكَفَ مَعِى فليَعتَكِفِ العَشْرَ الأواخِرَ، وقَد رأيتُ هذه اللَّيلَةَ ثُمَّ أُنسيتُها، وقَد رأيتُنِى أسجُدُ صَبيحَتَها في ماءٍ وطينٍ، فالتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، والتَمِسوها في كُلِّ وِترٍ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فمَطَرَت تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ وكانَ المَسجِدُ على عَريشٍ (^٥) فوَكَفَ (^٦) المَسجِدُ. قال أبو سعيدٍ: فأَبصَرَت عَيناىَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وعَلَى جَبهَتِه وأَنفِه أثَرُ الماءِ والطّينِ صَبيحَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٣) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وفيه: \"سبع\" بدلًا من: \"تسع\". وينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٢٢) دون ذكر عمر.\n(^٣) الوسط بضم الواو والسين، جمع واسط، وبفتح السين جمع وسطى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٤) في م: \"منها\".\n(^٥) العريش: كل ما يستظل به. النهاية ٣/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٦) وكف المسجد: أي قطر سقفه بالماء. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٦.","vol":"9","page":154},{"text":"إحدَى وعِشرين (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1912>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها لَيلَةَ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ</span>\n\n٨٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ البَنْدَفركىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُريتُ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ ثُمَّ أُنسيتُها، وأُرانِى صبيحَتَها أسجُدُ في ماءٍ وطينٍ\". قال: فمُطِرنا لَيلَةَ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ، فصَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ انصرَفَ وإِنَّ أثَرَ الماءِ والطّينِ لَعَلَى أنفِه وجَبهَتِه. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أُنَيسٍ يقولُ (^٤): ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٥)، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ خَشرَمٍ (^٦).\n\n٨٦١٢ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٦٩١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٢٧)، ومسلم (١١٦٧/ ٢١٣، ٢١٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"البندكرى\"، وفى ص ٤، م: \"البندقركى\".\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٤: \"ليلة\". والمثبت جارٍ على لغة شاذة أنه يجوز حذف المضاف ويبقى المضاف إليه مجرورًا، أي ليلة ثلاث وعشرين. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٦٤.\n(^٥) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٤٥) عن أبي ضمرة به دون قول ابن أنيس.\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦٨/ ٢١٨).","vol":"9","page":155},{"text":"مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أخبَرَه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ قال: كُنّا بالباديَةِ فقُلنا: إن قَدِمنا بأَهلينا شَقَّ عَلَينا، وإِن خَلَّفناهُم أصابَتهُم ضَيْقَةٌ (^١). قال: فبَعَثونِى وكُنتُ أصغَرَهُم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ له قَولَهُم، فأَمَرَنا بلَيلَةِ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ. قال ابنُ الهادِ: فكانَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ يَجتَهِدُ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٦١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أُنَيسٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى باديَةً أكونُ فيها وأَنا أُصَلِّى فيها بحَمدِ اللَّهِ، فمُرْنِى بلَيلَةٍ أنزِلُها إلَى هَذا المَسجِدِ. فقالَ: \"انزِلْ لَيلَةَ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ\". فقُلتُ لابنِه: فكَيفَ كان أبوكَ يَصنَعُ؟ قال: كان يَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ إذا صَلَّى العَصرَ فلا يَخرُجُ مِنه لِحاجَةٍ حَتَّى يُصلِّىَ الصُّبحَ، فإِذا صَلَّى الصُّبحَ وجَدَ دابَّتَه على بابِ المَسجِدِ، فجَلَسَ عَلَيها فلَحِقَ بباديَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n٨٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزازُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضيعة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٩٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٨٦، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٥٨٠، ٥٨١ من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٨٠). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٠٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٣١): حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":156},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَم مَضَى مِنَ الشَّهرِ؟ \". قالوا: مَضَى ثِنتانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ ثَمانٍ. فقالَ: \"بَل مَضَى ثِنتانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ سَبعٌ، اطلُبوها اللَّيلَةَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٦١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجِستانِىُّ بمَدينَةِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى نُعَيمٍ: أحَدَّثَكُم أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ - وأُراه قَد ذَكَرَ ابنَ عُمَرَ - قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَم مَضَى مِنَ الشَّهرِ؟ \". قالوا: اثنانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ ثَمانٍ. قال: \"مَضَى اثنانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ سَبعٌ، الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ فالتَمِسوها اللَّيلَةَ\" (^٢)؟ فقالَ أبو نُعَيمٍ: نَعَم.\n\n٨٦١٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا خَلَّادٌ الجُعفِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مُسلِمٍ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ قائدُ الأعمَشِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: ذَكَرنا لَيلَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٢٣)، وابن ماجه (١٦٥٦)، وابن حبان (٣٤٥٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وليس عند ابن ماجه موضع الشاهد. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٦٠١): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٧٩)، وابن حبان (٢٥٤٨، ٣٤٥٠) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه دون ذكر ابن عمر.","vol":"9","page":157},{"text":"القَدرِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَم مَضَى مِنَ الشَّهرِ؟ \". قُلنا: ثِنتانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ ثَمانٍ. فقالَ: \"مَضَى ثِنتانِ وعِشرونَ وبَقِىَ سَبعٌ، اطلُبوها اللَّيلَةَ؛ الشَّهرُ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ\" (^١)\n\n٨٦١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: تَحَرَّوا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ لَيلَةَ [سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ] (^٢) صَبيحَةَ بَدرٍ أو إحدَى وعِشرينَ أو ثَلاثًا وعِشرينَ (^٣).\n\n٨٦١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَكيمُ بنُ سَيفٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عمرٍو، عن زَيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال لَنا رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"اطلُبوها لَيلَةَ سَبعَ عَشرَةَ مِن رَمَضانَ، ولَيلَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ ولَيلَةَ ثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ\". ثُمَّ سَكَتَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ٢٠١ عن أبي مسلم قائد الأعمش به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٩٠: أبو مسلم ضعِّف.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تسع عشرة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٦٩٧) - ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٥٧٩) - من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٤) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٩٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٨٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٩٥).","vol":"9","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1913>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ ويونُسُ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أُرِىَ رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في المَنامِ أنَّ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أسمَعُ رُؤياكُم قَد تَواطأت على أنَّها في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ، فمَن كان مُتَحَرّيَها فليَتَحَرَّها في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٦٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٣١ عن الحاكم وحده، وعنده: \"مالك بن أنس وغيره\" دون ذكر الليث ويونس. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٩٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٢١، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣٣٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٨٢) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠١٥)، ومسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢٠٥).","vol":"9","page":159},{"text":"عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ أُناسًا مِنكُم أُرُوا (^١) لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في السَّبعِ الأُوَلِ، وإِنَّ أُناسًا أُروها (^٢) في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ\". فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"التَمِسوها في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهليّانِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحَرَّوا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في السَّبعِ الأواخِرِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n\n٨٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ شاذانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في متن الأصل: \"رأوا\". وفى الحاشية كالمثبت.\n(^٢) في متن الأصل: \"رأوها\". وفى الحاشية كالمثبت.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨٢٤) من طريق الليث بنحوه مختصرًا. وأحمد مختصرًا (٤٩٣٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٩٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٩٩١)، ومسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢٠٨). وعند مسلم: \"فالتمسوها في العشر الغوابر\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٣٢)، وأبو داود (١٣٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٤٠٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٨١) من طرق عن ابن دينار بنحوه.\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢٠٦).","vol":"9","page":160},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ أخبرَنِى قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ: \"مَن كان مُتَحَرّيًا فليَتَحَرَّها لَيلَةَ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ\". قالَ شُعبَةُ: وذَكَرَ لِى رَجُلٌ ثِقَةٌ عن سُفيانَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إنَّما قال: \"مَن كان مُتَحَرّيًا فليَتَحَرَّها في السَّبعِ البَواقِى\". فلا أدرِى ذا أم ذا؟ شَكَّ شُعبَةُ (^١). الصحيحُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ دونَ رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ.\n\n٨٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ: \"تَحَرَّوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، فإِن ضَعُفَ أحَدُكُم أو عَجَزَ فلا يُغلَبَنَّ عنِ (^٢) السَّبعِ البَواقِى\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خَرَجَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يُريدُ أن يُخبِرَنا بلَيلَةِ القَدرِ، فتَلاحَى رَجُلانِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي خَرَجتُ إلَيكُم وأَنا أُريدُ أن أُخبِرَكُم بلَيلَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٤٧٤) عن الأسود بن عامر به، وعنده: الرجل الثقة يحيى بن سعيد القطان.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"على\".\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٩١)، والطيالسى (٢٠٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٤٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٦٥/ ٢٠٩).","vol":"9","page":161},{"text":"القَدرِ، فكانَ بَينَ فُلانٍ وفُلانٍ لِحاءٌ (^١) فرُفِعَت، وعَسَى أن يَكونَ خَيرًا، فالتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ في الخامِسَةِ والسّابِعَةِ والتّاسِعَةِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1914>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في طَلَبِها لَيلَةَ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ</span>\n\n٨٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالوا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبْدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ وعاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: سألتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ فحَلَفَ لا يَستَثنِى (^٤) أنَّها لَيلَةُ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ. قُلتُ: بمَ تَقولُ ذاكَ أبا المُنذِرِ؟ فقالَ: بالآيَةِ أو بالعَلامَةِ التي قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّها تُصبِحُ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَومِ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ لَيسَ لَها شُعاعٌ (^٥).\n\n٨٦٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) اللحاء: بمعنى التلاحى المتقدم في ص ١٥٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٩٨)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧٩) من طرق عن حميد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٩، ٢٠٢٣، ٦٠٤٩).\n(^٤) قوله: \"لا يستثنى\" حال، أي حلف حلفًا جازمًا من غير أن يقول عقيبه: إن شاء الله. عون المعبود ١/ ٥٢٢.\n(^٥) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٠٠) بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه ابن منده في الفوائد (٥٧) عن أبي جعفر الرزاز به.","vol":"9","page":162},{"text":"أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: الحُمَيدِىُّ قال: حدثنا عَبْدَةُ بنُ أبى لُبابَةَ وعاصِمُ ابنُ بَهدَلَةَ أنَّهُما سَمِعا زِرَّ بنَ حُبَيشٍ قال: قُلتُ لأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ: يا أبا المُنذِرِ، إنَّ أخاكَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: مَن يَقُمِ الحَولَ يُصِبْ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ. فقالَ: يَرحَمُه اللَّهُ! لَقَد أرادَ ألَّا تَتَّكِلوا (^١)، ولَقَد عَلِمَ أنَّها في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، وأَنَّها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، وأَنَّها لَيلَةُ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ (^٢). قال: قُلنا: يا أبا المُنذِرِ بأَىِّ شَئٍ تَعرِفُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: بالعَلامَةِ أو بالآيَةِ التي أخبرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن الشَّمسَ تَطلُعُ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَومِ لا شُعاعَ لَها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٢٨ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ؛ قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ أبو نَصرٍ: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ قالا: حدثنا مَرْوانُ (ح) و] (^٥) أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يتكلوا\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المصنف: ثم حلف لا يستثنى أنها ليلة سبع وعشرين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٠١)، والحميدى (٣٧٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٣٥١) عن ابن أبي عمر به. وابن خزيمة (٢١٩١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٨٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢١١٩٧)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٨) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) مسلم ٢/ ٨٢٨ (٧٦٢/ ٢٢٠).\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٤.","vol":"9","page":163},{"text":"أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: تَذاكَرنا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أيُّكُم يَذكُرُ حينَ طَلَعَ القَمَرُ وهو مِثلُ شِقِّ جَفنَةٍ؟ \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ وغَيرِه (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: إنَّ ذَلِكَ إنَّما يَكونُ لِثَلاثٍ وعِشرينَ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَعدَةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّكُم يَذكُرُ لَيلَةَ الصَّهباواتِ؟ (^٣) \". فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: أنا واللهِ أذكُرُها يا رسولَ اللهِ بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، وإِنَّ في يَدِى لتَمَراتٍ أتَسحَّرُ بهِنَّ مُستَتِرًا بمُؤْخِرَةِ رَحلٍ مِنَ الفَجرِ، وذَلِكَ حينَ طَلَعَ القَمَرُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦١٧٦) من طريق مروان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٧٠).\n(^٣) في نسخة من نسخ \"م\": \"الصهباء\". وهو اسم موضع قريب من خيبر، ولعله يطلق عليه اسم الصهباء والصهباوات بالإفراد والجمع. الفتح الربانى ١٠/ ٢٨٣. وقال السندى: يحتمل أن يكون الصهباوات اسم موضع نزلوا فيه تلك الليلة، فأضيفت الليلة إليه، أو هي جمع صهباء، وهى ناقة حمراء يعلوها سواد، وكأنهم كانوا غالب تلك الليلة على ظهورها، فأضيفت الليلة إليها. مسند أحمد ٦/ ٣٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٧٦٤) عن أبي النضر به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٩٢: سعيد لا أعرفه، والخبر منكر.","vol":"9","page":164},{"text":"٨٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ قال: لَيلَةُ القَدرِ لَيلَةُ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ (^١). وقَفَه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ ورَفَعَه مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ:\n\n٨٦٣١ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ سَمِعَ مُطَرِّفًا، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ قال: \"لَيلَةُ سَبعٍ وعِشرينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ يَحيَى بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عليٍّ الصّائغُ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَنبَلِ بنِ هِلالِ بنِ أسَدٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا مُعاذٌ. (ح) (^٣) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٠٥٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٣٨٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٨٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن معاذ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٢٣٦).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المصنف على السند الذي أوله. وأخبرنا أبو سعد أحمد\".","vol":"9","page":165},{"text":"عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ عَليلٌ يَشُقُّ علىَّ القيامُ، فمُرْنِى بلَيلَةٍ لَعَلَّ اللهَ يوَفِّقُنى فيها لِلَيلَةِ القَدرِ. فقالَ: \"عَلَيكَ بالسّابِعَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٦٣٣ - وأخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَةِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ وعاصِمٍ أنَّهُما سَمِعا عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: قالى ابنُ عباسٍ: دَعا عُمَرُ أصحابَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فسألَهُم عن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ، فاجتمَعُوا (^٢) أنَّها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ، فقُلتُ لِعُمَرَ: إنِّي لأعلَمُ (^٣) وإِنِّى لأظُنُّ أىُّ لَيلَةٍ هِىَ. قال: وأَىُّ لَيلَةٍ هِىَ؟ قُلتُ: سابِعَةٌ تَمضِى أو سابِعَةٌ تَبقَى مِنَ العَشرِ الأواخِرِ. قال: ومِن أينَ تَعلَمُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: خَلَقَ اللهُ سَبعَ سماواتٍ وسَبعَ أرَضينَ وسَبعَةَ أيّامٍ، وإِنَّ الدَّهرَ يَدورُ في سَبعٍ، وخُلِقَ الإنسانُ يأكُلُ ويَسجُدُ على سَبعَةِ أعضاءٍ، والطَّوَافُ سَبعٌ، والجِبالُ (^٤) سَبعٌ. فَقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَقَد فطِنتَ لأمرٍ ما فطِنّا لَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦٨٨) دون ذكر عبيد الله بن عمر، وأحمد (٢١٤٩)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (١١٨٣٦). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ١٧٦: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"فأجمعوا\".\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"لا أعلم\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: والجمار\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦٨٧)، وفضائل الأوقات (١٠٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٦٧٩)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (١٠٦١٨). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٦٩٢: غريب جدًّا.","vol":"9","page":166},{"text":"٨٦٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضيلٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عُمَرَ وعِندَه أصحابُه، فسألَهُم فقالَ: أرأيتُم قَولَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في لَيلَةِ القَدرِ: \"التَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ وِترًا\". أىُّ لَيلَةٍ تَرَونَها؟ فقالَ بَعضُهُم: لَيلَةُ إحدَى (^١). وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لَيلَةُ ثَلاثٍ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لَيلَةُ خَمسٍ. وقالَ بَعضهُم: لَيلَةُ سَبعٍ. فقالوا وأَنا ساكِتٌ فقالَ: ما لَكَ لا تَكَلَّمُ؟ فقُلتُ: إنَّكَ أمَرتَنِى ألَّا أتَكَلَّمَ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّموا. فقالَ: ما أرسَلتُ إلَيكَ إلَّا لِتَكَلَّمَ. فقُلتُ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ اللَّهَ يَذكُرُ السَّبعَ؛ فذَكَرَ سَبعَ سماواتٍ ومِنَ الأرضِ مِثلَهُنَّ، وخُلِقَ الإنسانُ مِن سَبعٍ، ونَبْتُ الأرضِ سَبعٌ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: هَذا أخبَرتَنِى ما أعلَمُ، أرأيتَ ما لا أعلَمُ، قَولَكَ: نَبتُ الأرضِ سَبعٌ. قال: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا (٢٦) فَأَنْبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا (٢٧) وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا (٢٨) وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلًا (٢٩) وَحَدَائِقَ غُلْبًا﴾ [عبس: ٢٦ - ٣٠] قال: فالحَدائق غُلبًا الحيطانُ مِنَ النَّخلِ والشَّجَرِ ﴿وَفَاكِهَةً وَأَبًّا﴾: فالأَبُّ ما أنبَتَتِ الأرضُ مِمّا تأكُلُه الدَّوابُّ والأنعامُ ولا يأكُلُه النّاسُ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لأصحابِه: أعَجَزتُم أن تَقولوا كما قال هَذا الغُلامُ الَّذِى لَم تَجتَمِعْ شُئونُ رأسِه (^٢)، واللهِ إنِّي لأرَى القَولَ كما قُلتَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"وعشرين\". وكذا في شعب الإيمان.\n(^٢) شئون الرأس: هي عظامه وطرائقه، كلما أسنَّ الرجال قويت واشتدت. النهاية ٢/ ٤٣٧، واللسان ١٣/ ٢٣١ (ش أ ن).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦٨٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢١٧٢) من طريق ابن فضيل به.","vol":"9","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1915>بابُ العَمَلِ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي يَعْفُورٍ (^١) العَبدِىِّ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: كان النبيُّ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ (^٢) العَشرُ الأواخِرُ مِن رَمَضانَ أحيا اللَّيلَ، وأَيقَظَ أهلَه، وشَدَّ المِئزَرَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وابنِ أبى عُمَرَ، كُلُهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الأسوَدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٤، م: \"يعقوب\". وعند ابن ماجه: \"عن ابن عبيد بن نسطاس\". وهو عبد الرحمن بن عبيد بن نسطاس أبو يعفور. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٢) في م: \"دخلت\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٠١)، وفى الشعب (٣٦٥٦)، وفضائل الأوقات (٧٣)، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٦٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٣١)، وأبو داود (١٣٧٦)، والنسائي (١٦٣٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢١٤)، وابن حبان (٣٢١، ٣٤٣٦) من طرق عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٢٤)، ومسلم (١١٧٤/ ٧).","vol":"9","page":168},{"text":"ابنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: قالَت عائشَةُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَجتَهِدُ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ (^١) ما لا يَجتَهِدُ في غَيرِها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وأَبِى كامِلٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إذا كان العَشرُ الأواخِرُ مِن رَمَضانَ شَمَّرَ المِئزَرَ واعتَزَلَ النِّساءَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1916>بابُ الاعتِكافِ</span>\n\n٨٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِرْيابِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَعتَكِفُ في كُلِّ رَمَضانٍ عَشَرَةَ أيّامٍ، فلَمّا كان\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"من رمضان\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٧٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٩٠) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٢٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢١٥) من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٧٥/ ٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٧٥). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٢٠٢٩) عن عبد الكريم به، وعنده: \"محمد بن عيسى الطباع\". بدلًا من: \"محمد بن الصباح\".","vol":"9","page":169},{"text":"العامُ الَّذِى قُبِضَ فيه اعتَكَفَ عِشرينَ يَومًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ، فسافَرَ عامًا فلَم يَعتَكِفْ، فلَمّا كان مِن قابِلٍ اعتَكَفَ عِشرينَ يَومًا (^٣).\nوروِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n\n٨٦٤٠ - أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان مُقيمًا اعتَكَفَ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ، وإِذا سافَرَ اعتَكَفَ العامَ المُقبِلَ عِشرين (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٦١)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٣)، وابن ماجه (١٧٦٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢١) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٤٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٧٦)، والطيالسى (٥٥٥)، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٧٧)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٦٦٣) من طرق عن حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٥١).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"يوما\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠١٧) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٦٦٢) - والترمذي (٨٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢٦) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب من حديث أنس بن مالك.","vol":"9","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1917>بابُ تأكيدِ الاعتِكافِ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، وجَوازِه في العَشْرِ الأَوَّلِ والأوسَطِ وفِي شَوّالٍ وغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٨٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعتَكِفُ العَشْرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ (^٢) وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٨٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ المُزَنىُّ (^٤) وأبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ الأنصارِىُّ، سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اعتَكَفَ العَشْرَ الأَوَّلَ مِن رَمَضانَ، ثُمَّ اعتَكَفَ العَشْرَ الأوسَطَ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣٣)، والترمذي (٧٩٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٧٢/ ٤)، والبخاري (٢٠٢٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٢٥)، ومسلم (١١٧١/ ٢). وسيأتي في (٨٦٤٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"المديني\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف: المديني\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٥) قال النووي: هكذا هو في جميع النسخ، والمشهور في الاستعمال تأنيث العشر كما قال في أكثر =","vol":"9","page":171},{"text":"في قُبَّةٍ تُركيَّةٍ (^١) على سُدَّتِها (^٢) حَصيرٌ، قال: فأَخَذَ الحَصيرَ بيَدِه فنَحّاها في ناحيَةِ القُبَّةِ، ثُمَّ أطلَعَ رأسَه فكَلَّمَ النّاسَ فدَنَوا مِنه فقالَ: \"إنِّي اعتَكَفتُ العَشْرَ الأَوَّلَ ألتَمِسُ هذه اللَّيلَةَ، ثُمَّ اعتَكَفتُ العَشرَ الأوسَطَ، ثُمَّ أُتيتُ فقيلَ لِى: إنَّها في العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ. فمَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يَعتَكِفَ فليَعتَكِفْ\". فاعتَكَفَ النّاسُ مَعَه، قال: \"وإِنِّى أُريتُها لَيلَةَ وِتْرٍ، وأنِّى أسجُدُ في صَبيحَتِها في طينٍ وماءٍ\". فأَصبَحَ مِن (^٣) لَيلَةِ إحدَى وعِشرينَ وقَد قامَ إلَى الصُّبحِ، فمَطَرَتِ السَّماءُ فوَكَفَ المَسجِدُ، فأَبصَرتُ الطّينَ والماءَ، فخَرَجَ حينَ فرَغَ مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ وجَبينُه ورَوثَةُ (^٤) أنفِه فيها الطّينُ والماءُ، وإِذا هِىَ لَيلَةُ إحدَى وعِشرينَ مِنَ العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى (^٦).\n\n٨٦٤٣ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ\n_________\n= الأحاديث: العشر الأواخر، وتذكيره أيضًا لغة صحيحة باعتبار الأيام أو باعتبار الوقت والزمان، ويكفى في صحتها ثبوت استعمالها في هذا الحديث من النبي - ﷺ -. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٦١، ٦٢. وسيأتي قول النبي - ﷺ - في هذا الحديث.\n(^١) أي: قبة صغيرة من شعر أو صوف مُتلبِّد. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٦٢، والتاج ٩/ ١٢٧ (ل ب د).\n(^٢) السدة هنا: الباب. ينظر الفائق ٢/ ١٦٧.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٤) روثة أنفه: أي أرنبته وطرفه من مقدَّمه. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٨٤) من طريق محمد بن عبد الأعلى به مختصرًا ومطولًا. وتقدم في (٢٦٩١).\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦٧/ ٢١٥).","vol":"9","page":172},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يَعتَكِفَ صَلَّى الفَجرَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مُعتَكَفَه، وإنَّه أمَرَ بخِبائِه فضُرِبَ، أرادَ الاعتِكافَ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ، فأَمَرَت زَينَبُ بخِبائِها فضُرِبَ، وأَمَرَ غَيرُها مِن أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بخِباءٍ (^١) فضُرِبَ، فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الفَجرَ نَظَرَ فإِذا الأخبيَةُ فقالَ: \"آلبِرَّ يُرِدنَ؟ \". فأَمَرَ بخِبائِه فقُوِّضَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ الاعتِكافَ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ حَتَّى اعتَكَفَ في العَشْرِ الأَوَّلِ مِن شَوّالٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1918>بابُ الاعتِكافِ في المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n٨٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ. قال: وقالَ نافِعٌ: وقَد أرانِى عبدُ اللَّهِ المَكانَ الَّذِى كان يَعتَكِفُ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بخبائها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٦٤)، والترمذي (٧٩١)، وابن حبان (٣٦٦٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا ومطولًا. وأحمد (٢٥٨٩٧)، والنسائي (٧٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢١٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٧٣/ ٦)، والبخاري (٢٠٣٣، ٢٠٣٤).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"فيه\".","vol":"9","page":173},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ قالَت (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهليّانِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إذا اعتَكَفَ يُدنِي إلَىَّ رأسَه فأُرَجِّلُه، وكانَ لا يَدخُلُ البَيتَ إلَّا لِحاجَةِ الإنسانِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن الجَماعَةِ: أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَكُنْ يَدخُلُ البَيتَ إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٣٠٦)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٤٦٥)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٧٢) من طريق نافع به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٢٥)، ومسلم (١١٧١/ ٢).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٠٩)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٣١)، ومالك ١/ ٣١٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٧٣١)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٧)، والترمذي (٨٠٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧٢). مع اختلافهم في السند هل عروة عن عمرة أم عروة وعمرة. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢١)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٨)، والترمذي (٨٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٧٥)، وفى المطبوع من النسائي (عروة عن عمرة)، وفى طبعة شعيب (٣٣٦١): (عروة وعمرة)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٦٦٩) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"9","page":174},{"text":"لِحاجَةِ الإنسانِ. وقالَت عائشَةُ: كان يُدخِلُ علىَّ رأسَه وهو في المَسجِدِ فأُرَجِّلُه. وقالَ: عن عُروةَ وعَمرَةَ. وكأنَّه حَمَلَ رِوايَةَ مالكٍ على رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ ويونُسَ؛ فأمَّا مالكٌ فإِنَّه يقولُ فيه: عن عُروةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى هَكَذا (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عُروةَ وعَمرَةَ عن عائشَةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ حَتَّى تَوَفّاه اللَّهُ ﷿، ثُمَّ اعتَكَفَه (^٤) أزواجُه مِن بَعدِهِ. والسُّنَّةُ في المُعتَكِفِ ألَّا يَخرُجَ إلَّا لِلحاجَةِ التي لا بُدَّ مِنها، ولا يَعودَ مَريضًا، ولا يَمَسَّ امرأةً ولا يُباشِرَها، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في مَسجِدِ جَماعَةٍ، والسُّنَّةُ فيمَنِ اعتَكَفَ أن يَصومَ (^٥).\n\n٨٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٤، م: \"عن عمرة\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٧/ ٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٩٧/ ٧).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤، م: \"اعتكف\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦١٣)، والبخاري (٢٠٢٦)، ومسلم (١١٧٢/ ٥)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٣٨) من طريق الليث به دون قوله: \"والسنة\". وأخرج هذه الزيادة أبو داود (٢٤٧٣)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠١ من طريق الزهري به، وقال الدارقطني: إنه من كلام الزهري، ومن أدرجه في الحديث فقد وهم.","vol":"9","page":175},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ والحَسَنَ قالا: لا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في مَسجِدٍ تُقامُ فيه الصَّلاةُ (^١).\n\n٨٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السُّدَيرِىُّ بخُسْرَوجِردَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الخُسْرَوجِردِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ زَنجُويه، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عليٍّ الأزدِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أبغَضَ الأُمورِ إلَى اللهِ البِدَعُ، وإِنَّ مِنَ البِدَعِ الاعتِكافَ في المَساجِدِ التي في الدّورِ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويه (^٣) بنِ سَهلٍ الغازِى، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن جامِعِ بنِ أبي راشِدٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: عُكوفًا بَينَ دارِكَ ودارِ أبى موسَى وقَد عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، أو قال: في المَساجِدِ الثَّلاثَةِ\"؟! فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: لَعَلَّكَ نَسيتَ وحَفِظوا، وأَخطأتَ\n_________\n(^١) لم نجده بهذا السند لغير المصنف، وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في مسائله عن أبيه (٩٠٧) من طريق قتادة عن جابر بن زيد عن ابن عباس بنحوه.\n(^٢) لم نجده، وينظر الفروع لابن مفلح ٣/ ١٥٦، وفتح الباري لابن رجب ٣/ ١٧٠.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبدويه\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٨٠.","vol":"9","page":176},{"text":"وأَصابوا. الشَّكُّ مِنِّى (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1919>بابُ المُعتَكِفِ يُخرِجُ رأسَه مِنَ المَسجِدِ إلَى بَعضِ أهلِه ليَغسِلَهُ</span>\n\n٨٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُخرِجُ رأسَه مِنَ المَسجِدِ وهو مُعتَكِفٌ فأَغسِلُه وأَنا حائضٌ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1920>بابٌ: المُعتَكِفُ يَصومُ</span>\n\n٨٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُدَيلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الجِعْرانَةِ: أىْ (^٥) رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الذهبي في السير ١٥/ ٨١ من طريق محمد بن الحسين العلوى به. وقال: صحيح غريب عال. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٧٧١)، والإسماعيلى في معجمه (٣٣٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٨٠)، والنسائي (٢٧٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٣١)، ومسلم (٢٩٧/ ١٠).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٠٤.\n(^٥) في م: \"يا\".","vol":"9","page":177},{"text":"علىَّ يَومًا أعتَكِفُه. فَقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبْ فاعتَكِفْه وصُمْه\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ بُدَيلٍ عن عمرٍو وهو ضَعيفُ الحديثِ (^٢). قال علىٌّ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىَّ يقولُ: هَذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ؛ لأنَّ الثِّقاتِ مِن أصحابِ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ لَم يَذكُروه؛ مِنهُمُ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وغَيرُهُم، وابنُ بُدَيلٍ ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ بَشيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ نَذَرَ أن يَعتَكِفَ في الشِّركِ ولَيَصومَنَّ، فسألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ إسلامِه، فأَمَرَه أن يَفِىَ بنَذرِهِ (^٤). ذِكرُ نَذرِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٩ بنحوه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٥) من طريق ابن بديل به. وليس عند النسائي ذكر الصوم. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٦١) دون قوله: أو يوما. وقوله: وصم.\n(^٢) هو عبد الله بن بديل بن ورقاء - ويقال: بن بشر - الخزاعي ويقال: الليثي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٥٦، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٤، والثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٢١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٢٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٣٩٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١٥٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٣: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٨٠٨)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٠١ من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\nوقال الدارقطني: وهذا إسناد حسن، تفرد بهذا اللفظ سعيد بن بشير عن عبيد الله.","vol":"9","page":178},{"text":"الصَّومِ مَعَ الاعتِكافِ غَريبٌ، تَفَرَّدَ به سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها قالَت: لا اعتِكافَ إلَّا بصَومٍ (^١). كَذا رَواه هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ. ورَواه الزُّهرِىُّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَه وفِي آخِرِه: والسُّنَّةُ فيمَنِ اعتَكَفَ أن يَصومَ. قَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في هَذا الجُزءِ (^٢). كَذا رَواه غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\n\n٨٦٥٤ - وروِىَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا اعتِكافَ إلَّا بصيامٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وهَذا وهمٌ مِن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ أو مِن سوَيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وسوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ (^٤) ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه ما تَفَرَّدَ بهِ.\n\n٨٦٥٥ - وروِىَ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ مَوقوفًا: مَنِ اعتَكَفَ فعَلَيه الصّيامُ.\n_________\n(^١) مختصر الخلافيات ٣/ ١١٠.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٦٤٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٠. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٩، ٢٠٠ عن أحمد بن عمير به.\n(^٤) تقدم ذكر مصادر ترجمته في (١١٣٢).","vol":"9","page":179},{"text":"أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا [أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ] (^١)، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيب، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٨٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي فاختَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: يَصومُ المُجاوِرُ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، سَمِعتُ أبا فاخِتَةَ سعيدَ بنَ عِلاقَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: يَصومُ المُجاوِرُ. والمُجاوِرُ: المُعتَكِفُ. فحُكِىَ لِسُفيانَ أنَّ هُشَيمًا يَقولُه عن عمرٍو عن أبي فاخِتَةَ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: لا اعتِكافَ إلَّا بصومٍ. فقالَ سفيانُ: أخطأ هُشَيمٌ، هو كما قُلتُ لَكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أسد بن عامر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٠٣٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٧١٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٤٧ عقب (٤١٥٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨١٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٠٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٩٧٠٦) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به بنحوه.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨١٠. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٤٩ عقب (٤١٥٩) من طريق الحميدي به دون قوله: فحكى لسفيان.","vol":"9","page":180},{"text":"٨٦٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لِعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ: يا أبا محمدٍ، كَيفَ قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: على المُجاوِرِ الصَّومُ؟ فقالَ عمرٌو: لَيسَ كَذا قال ابنُ عباسٍ، إنَّما قال: المُجاوِرُ يَصومُ (^١).\n\n٨٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّهُما قالا: المُعتَكِفُ يَصومُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1921>بابُ مَن رأى الاعتِكافَ بغَيرِ صَومٍ</span>\n\n٨٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عَن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي نَذَرتُ في الجاهِليَّةِ أن أعتَكِفَ لَيلَةً في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوفِ بنَذرِكَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨١٠. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٤٩ عقب (٤١٥٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٠٣٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧ من طريق ابن جريج بلفظ: لا جوار إلا بصيام.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٥١)، وابن المبارك في مسنده (١٨٩).","vol":"9","page":181},{"text":"مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ (^٢) ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (^٣) وأبو أُسامَةَ (^٤) وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ (^٥) عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ قالوا فيه: لَيلَةً. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٦). وقالَ جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ ومَعمَرٌ عن أيّوبَ: يَومًا. بَدَلَ: لَيلَةً (^٧). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٨)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ أولَى، وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ أعرَفُ بأَيُّوبَ مِن غَيرِهِ (^٩). وروّينا في حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - اعتَكَفَ في العَشْرِ الأَوَّلِ مِن شَوّالٍ (^١٠).\n\n٨٦٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٦٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٢٠٤٢) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به، وفيه: عن عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥، ٤٧٠٥) - وعنه أبو داود (٣٣٢٥) - والبخاري (٢٠٣٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٦/ ٢٧)، والترمذي (١٥٣٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٠)، وسقط منه: عن عمر. وابن خزيمة (٢٢٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٢٠٤٣)، ومسلم (١٦٥٦/. . .) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٦٥٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (١٦٥٦/. . .)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢٨).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٢٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٦) عقب (٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨١) من طريق معمر به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وسيأتي في (١٣٠٦٩) من طريق جرير.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٣٩)، ومسلم (١٦٥٦) عقب (٢٧)، والنسائي (٣٨٣١).\n(^٩) وقد أخرجه البخاري (٣١٤٤) من طريق حماد بن زيد به مطولًا، وفيه: اعتكاف يوم. وقال البخاري عقبه: ورواه معمر عن أيوب عن نافع عن ابن عمر في النذر ولم يقل: يوم. وينظر صحيح البخاري (٤٣٢٠).\n(^١٠) تقدم في (٨٦٤٣).","vol":"9","page":182},{"text":"مَحبوبٍ الرَّملِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبي عُمَرَ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبي سُهَيلٍ عَمِّ مالكٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَ على المُعتَكِفِ صيامٌ إلَّا أن يَجعَلَه على نَفسِه\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرَّملِىُّ هَذا.\nوقَد رَواه أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبي سُهَيلِ ابنِ مالكٍ قال: اجتَمَعتُ أنا ومحمدُ بنُ شِهابٍ عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وكانَ على امرأتِه (^٢) اعتِكافُ ثَلاثٍ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، فقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: لا يَكونُ اعتِكافٌ إلا بصَومٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: أمِنْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: لا. قال: فمِن أبى بكرٍ؟ قال: لا. قال: فمِن عُمَرَ؟ قال: لا. قال: فمِن عثمانَ؟ قال: لا. قال أبو سُهَيلٍ: فانصرَفتُ فوَجَدتُ طاوُسًا وعَطاءً فسألتُهُما عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ طاوُسٌ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ لا يَرَى على المُعتَكِفِ صيامًا إلَّا أن يَجعَلَه على نَفسِه. وقالَ عَطاءٌ: ذَلِكَ رأيى (^٣). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ، ورَفعُه وهمٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٣٩، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٩٩ من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن نصر به وقال: رفعه هذا الشيخ، وغيره لا يرفعه.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: امرأتى\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤، م: \"رأى\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٣٥٠ عقب (٤١٥٩) من طريق الدراوردى به، وابن حزم في المحلى ٥/ ٢٦٧، ٢٦٨، وذكره ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ١٠/ ٢٩٣ من طريق الحميدي به، وذكر المصنف في السنن الصغرى (١٤٤٨) قول طاوس وعطاء من طريق الدراوردى به.","vol":"9","page":183},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ مَوقوفًا، وهو فيما:\n\n٨٦٦٢ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً أنَّ أبا الوَليدِ أخبَرَهُم، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويه، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا مُختَصَرًا. قال: فقالَ (^١): كان ابنُ عباسٍ لا يَرَى على المُعتَكِفِ صَومًا. وقالَ عَطاءٌ: ذاكَ رأيى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1922>بابٌ: مَتَى يَدخُلُ في اعتِكافِه إذا أوجَبَ على نَفسِه اعتِكافَ شَهرٍ أو أيّامٍ</span>؟\n\n٨٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا بكرٌ وهو ابنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُجاوِرُ في العَشرِ التي وسَطَ الشَّهرِ، فإِذا كان مِن حينِ يَمضِى عِشرينَ (^٣) لَيلَةً ويَستَقبِلُ إحدَى وعِشرينَ رَجَعَ إلَى مَسكَنِه، ورَجَعَ مَن كان يُجاوِرُ مَعَه، ثُمَّ إنَّه أقامَ في شَهرٍ جاوَرَ فيه تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ التي كان يَرجِعُ فيها، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فأَمَرَهُم بما شاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنِّي كُنتُ أُجاوِرُ [هذه العَشرَ، ثُمَّ بَدا لِى أن أُجاوِرَ] (^٤) هذه العَشرَ الأواخِرَ، فمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقالا\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٤، م: \"رأى\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٤) عن عمرو بن زرارة به.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل، وفى المهذب ٤/ ١٦٩٨: \"تمضى عشرون\".\n(^٤) كتبت هذه الجملة في حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"هذا خرج في أصل المؤلف، وليس في السماع\".","vol":"9","page":184},{"text":"اعتَكَفَ مَعِى فليَثْبُتْ (^١) في مُعتَكَفِهِ\". وقالَ: \"رأيتُ هذه اللَّيلَةَ ثُمَّ أُنسيتُها، فالتَمِسوها في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ في وِترٍ (^٢)، وقَد رأيتُنِى أسجُدُ في ماءٍ وطينٍ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ: مُطِرنا لَيلَةَ إحدَى وعِشرينَ، فوَكَفَ المَسجِدُ في مُصَلَّى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فنَظَرتُ إلَيه وقَدِ انصَرَفَ مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ ووَجهُه مُبتَلٌّ طينًا وماءً (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٦).\n\n٨٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: تَذاكَرنا لَيلَةَ القَدرِ في نَفَرٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ، فقُمتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ فقُلتُ: يا أبا سعيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فليبت\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"كل وتر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٣٥٥)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧٤) من طريق قتيبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٦٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٥٩٤، ٨٦١٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٦٦٣) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦٧/ ٢١٤).","vol":"9","page":185},{"text":"ألا تَخرُجُ بنا إلَى النَّخلِ؟ قال: نَعَم. فدَعا بخَميصَةٍ (^١) فأَدخَلَها عَلَيه فخَرَجنا، فقُلتُ: هَل سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ؟ قال: نَعَم، اعتَكَفنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العَشْرَ الأوسَطَ مِن رَمَضانَ، فلَمّا كان صَبيحَةُ عِشرينَ مِن رَمَضانَ قامَ فينا فقالَ: \"مَن كان خَرَجَ فليَرجِعْ فإِنِّى أُريتُ لَيلَةَ القَدرِ فنُسّيتُها فالتَمِسوها في العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ في وِترٍ، وإِنِّى أُريتُ أنِّى أسجُدُ في ماءٍ وطينٍ\". وما نَرَى في السَّماءِ قَزَعَةً (^٢)، فأُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ، وثارَت سَحابَةٌ فمُطِرنا حَتَّى سالَ سَقفُ المَسجِدِ، وسَقْفُهم (^٣) يَومَئذٍ مِن جَريدِ النَّخلِ، فرأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسجدُ في الطّينِ والماءِ حَتَّى [نظرتُ إلى] (^٤) أثَرِ الطّينِ في (^٥) أرنبَتِه (^٦) وجَبهَتِهِ (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي المُغيرَةِ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) الخميصة: كساء مربع من صوف. معالم السنن ١/ ٢١٦، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٢) القزعة: قطعة من الغيم. النهاية ٤/ ٥٩.\n(^٣) في م: \"سقفه\".\n(^٤) في م: \"رأيت\".\n(^٥) في م: \"على\".\n(^٦) أرنبة الأنف: مقدمه. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٩٣.\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٦٨٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (١١٧٠٤)، والبخاري (٨١٣)، وأبو داود (٨٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٨٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٦٦) من طريق يحيى مختصرًا ومطولًا.\n(^٨) مسلم (١١٦٧) عقب (٢١٦).","vol":"9","page":186},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1923>بابٌّ: المُعتَكِفُ يَخرُجُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ لِبَولٍ أو غائطٍ، ثُمَّ لا يَسأَلُ عن المَريضِ إلَّا مارًّا، ولا يَخرُجُ لِعيادَةِ مَريضٍ ولا لِشُهودِ (^١) جِنازَةٍ، ولا يُباشِرُ امرأةً ولا يَمَسُّها</span>\n\n٨٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: إن كُنتُ لَأدخُلُ البَيتَ لِلحاجَةِ والمَريضُ فيه فما أسأَلُ عنه إلَّا وأَنا مارَّةٌ، وإِن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيُدخِلُ علىَّ رأسَه وهو في المَسجِدِ فأُرَجِّلُه، وكانَ لا يَدخُلُ البَيتَ إلَّا لِحاجَةٍ إذا (^٢) كان مُعتَكِفًا (^٣). وَفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ: إذا (٢) كانوا مُعتَكِفينَ. رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، إلَّا أنَّ البُخارِىَّ لَم يَذْكُرْ قَولَها في المَريضِ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"شهادة\".\n(^٢) في م: \"إن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٦) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٨٦٤٥) دون قول عائشة في المريض.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٩٧/ ٧).","vol":"9","page":187},{"text":"عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَعتَكِفُ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ حَتَّى تَوَفّاه اللهُ، ثُمَّ اعتَكَفَ أزواجُه مِن بَعدِه، والسُّنَّةُ في المُعتَكِفِ ألَّا يَخرُجَ إلَّا لِحاجَتِه التي لا بُدَّ مِنها، ولا يَعودَ مَريضًا، ولا يَمَسَّ امرأتَه ولا يُباشِرَها، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في مَسجِدِ جَماعَةٍ، والسُّنَّةُ فيمَنِ اعتَكَفَ أن يَصومَ (^١).\n\n٨٦٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: السُّنَّةُ على المُعتَكِفِ ألَّا يَعودَ مَريضًا، ولا يَشهَدَ جِنازَةً، ولا يَمَسَّ امرأةً ولا يُباشِرَها، ولا يَخرُجَ لِحاجَةٍ إلَّا لِما لا بُدَّ مِنهُ، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا بصَومٍ، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في مَسجِدٍ جامِعٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد ذَهَبَ كَثيرٌ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ إلَى أنَّ هَذا الكَلامَ مِن قَولِ مَن دونَ عائشةَ، وأَنَّ مَن أدرَجَه في الحديثِ وهِمَ فيهِ؛ فقَد رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن عُروةَ قال: المُعتَكِفُ لا يَشهَدُ جِنازَةً، ولا يَعودُ مَريضًا، ولا يُجيبُ دَعوَةً، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا بصيامٍ، ولا اعتِكافَ إلَّا في مَسجِدِ جَماعَةٍ (^٣). وعن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: المُعتَكِفُ لا يَعودُ مَريضًا، ولا يَشهَدُ جِنازَةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٦٤٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤٧٣). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٦٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٠٥٤) بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٩٧٣١).","vol":"9","page":188},{"text":"٨٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -. قال النُّفَيلِىُّ: قالَت: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَمُرُّ بالمَريضِ وهو مُعتَكِفٌ فيَمُرُّ كما هو ولا يُعَرِّجُ يَسأَلُ عَنه. وقالَ ابنُ عيسَى: قالَت: إن كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُ المَريضَ وهو مُعتَكِفٌ (^١).\n\n٨٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إذا اعتَكَفَ فلا يُجامِعِ النِّساءَ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الفضلِ (^٣) الصّائغُ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصينٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٧]. قال: المُباشَرَةُ والمُلامَسَةُ والمَسُّ جِماعٌ كُلُّه، ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَكْنِى ما شاءَ بما شاءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٤٤)، وأبو داود (٢٤٧٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٣٢).\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٢٢.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"الفضيل\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ١٨، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٣٣١ هـ - ٣٥٠ هـ) ص ٣٦٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور في السنن (٦٤١ - تفسير)، والطبري ٧/ ٦٥ من طريق ابن جبير بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1924>بابٌ: المُعتَكِفُ يَخرُجُ إلَى بابِ المَسجِدِ ولا يُخرِجُ عنه قَدَمَيه، وتَزورُه زَوجَتُه، ويَتَحَدَّثُ بما أحَبَّ ما لَم يَكُنْ إثمًا</span>\n\n٨٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ مُسافِرٍ يَعنِى عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ خالِدِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، أنَّ صَفيّةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته أنَّها جاءَت (^١) رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُعتَكِفٌ في المَسجِدِ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن رَمَضانَ، ثُمَّ قامَت لِتَنقَلِبَ، فقامَ مَعَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقلِبُها، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ قَريبًا مِن بابِ المَسجِدِ عِندَ بابِ أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ به رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فسَلَّما على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ نَفَذا، فقالَ لَهُما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"على رِسْلِكُما، إنَّما هِىَ صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَىٍّ\". قالا: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ! وكَبُرَ عَلَيهِما ذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَبلُغُ مِنَ الإنسانِ (^٢) مَبلَغَ الدَّمِ، وإِنِّى خَشِيتُ أن يَقذِفَ في قلوبِكُما شيئًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"جاءت إلى\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ابن آدم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٩٧) من طريق سعيد بن عفير به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٤٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٧١) من طريق الزهري به مختصرًا ومطولًا.","vol":"9","page":190},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ (^١)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ [وشُعَيبٍ] (^٢) عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1925>بابُ مَن تَوَضّأ في المَسجِدِ أو غَسَلَ فيه يَدَيه تَنظيفًا</span>\n\n٨٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عَمَّن يَخدُمُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: تَوَضّأ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ وضوءًا خَفيفًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1926>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَعتَكِفُ بإِذنِ زَوجِها، ومَن خَرَجَ مِنه قَبلَ تَمامِه إذا لَم يَكُنِ الاعتِكافُ واجِبًا</span>\n\n٨٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيدٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣١٠١).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، س، ص ٤. وهى مثبتة في حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"بخط المؤلف\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٣٥، ٣٢٨١)، ومسلم (٢١٧٥/ ٢٤، ٢٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٢٥٣) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به. وأحمد (٢٣٠٨٩) من طريق أبى خالد خالد بن دينار وليس عنده: خفيفا. وحسن إسناده الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٢١.","vol":"9","page":191},{"text":"الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَتنِى عمرَةُ بنتُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ أن يَعتَكِفَ العَشرَ الأواخِرَ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فاستأذَنَت عائشَةُ فأَذِنَ لَها، وسألَت حَفصةُ عائشةَ أن تَستأذِنَ لَها ففَعَلَت، فلَمّا رأت ذَلِكَ زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ أمَرَت ببِناءٍ لَها فبُنِىَ. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى انصَرَفَ إلَى بُنيانِه، فبَصُرَ بالأبنيَةِ فقالَ: \"ما هذه الأبنيَةُ؟ \". قالوا: بناءُ عائشةَ وحَفصَةَ وزَينَبَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"آلبِرَّ أرَدنَ بهَذا؟ ما أنا بمُعتَكِفٍ\". فرَجَعَ، فلَمّا أفطَرَ اعتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِن شَوّالٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ عن أبي المُغيرَةِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1927>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ اعتِكافَ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n٨٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بن الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أرادَ أن يَعتَكِفَ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ إلَى المَكانِ الَّذِى أرادَ أن يَعتَكِفَ فيه (^٣) رأى أخبيَةً؛ خِباءَ عائشةَ وخِباءَ حَفصَةَ وخِباءَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٤٤) عن أبي المغيرة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وتقدم في (٨٦٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٧٣/. . .)، والبخاري (٢٠٤٥).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"منه\".","vol":"9","page":192},{"text":"زَينَبَ، فلَمّا رآهُنَّ سألَ عَنهُنَّ، فقيلَ له: هَذا خِباءُ عائشةَ وخِباءُ حَفصَةَ وخِباءُ زَينَبَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"آلبِرَّ تَقولونَ بهِنَّ؟ \". ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ، فاعتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِن شَوّالٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢). وهَذا مِن طَريقِ مالكٍ مُرسَلٌ. وقَد وصَلَه الأوزاعِىُّ (^٣) وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٤) وعَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ (^٥) وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٦) وأبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ (^٧) ويَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ (^٨) وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ (^٩)، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1928>بابُ اعتِكافِ المُستَحاضَةِ بإِذنِ زَوجِها</span>\n\n٨٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٧/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٣٤) موصولًا. واختلف في هذا الحديث في روايات الموطأ، وكذا روايات البخاري، وينظر الموطأ برواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣١٦، والتمهيد لابن عبد البر ٦/ ٤٤٠، ١٣/ ١٨٦، وفتح الباري ٤/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٣) تقدم في الحديث السابق.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٢٠٣٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٦٧٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (١١٧٢) عقب (٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٧).\n(^٧) تقدم في (٨٦٤٣).\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٨٧)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٤)، والنسائي (٧٠٨)، وابن ماجه (١٧٧١).\n(^٩) أخرجه مسلم (١١٧٢/. . .)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢٤)، وابن حبان (٣٦٦٧).","vol":"9","page":193},{"text":"اعتَكَفَت مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - امرأةٌ مِن نِسائِه مُستَحاضَةٌ، فكانَت تَرَى الحُمرَةَ والصُّفرَةَ. قالَت: ورُبَّما وضَعْنا (^١) الطَّسْتَ تَحتَها وهِىَ تُصَلِّى (^٢).\n\n٨٦٧٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى وقُتَيبَةُ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ، عن خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: امرأةٌ مِن أزواجِه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1929>بابٌ: المُعتَدَّةُ لا تَعتَكِفُ حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها</span>\n\n٨٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ (^٥)، قال: سألتُ جابِرًا عن المُطَلَّقَةِ: تَعتَكِفُ؟ قال: لا، ولا المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها حَتَّى تَحِلَّا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"وضعت\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٧٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٤٧٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٤٦) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٣٧).\n(^٥) بعده في الأصل، ص ٤: \"عن جابر\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"سقط: عن جابر. في أصل المؤلف، وهو الصواب\".\n(^٦) في م: \"تحل\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٧٩ من طريق آخر عن أبي الزبير بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":194},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1930>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَزورُ زَوجَها في اعتِكافِه وما في تِلكَ القِصَّةِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ في تَركِ الوُقوفِ في مَواضِعِ التُّهَمِ</span>\n\n٨٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، أنَّ صَفيَّةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته أنَّها جاءَتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - تَزورُه في اعتِكافِه في المَسجِدِ في العَشرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ، فتَحَدَّثَت عِندَه ساعَةً ثُمَّ قامَت تَنقَلِبُ وقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مَعَها يَقلِبُها، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَت بابَ المَسجِدِ الَّذِى عِندَ بابِ أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بهِما رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فسَلَّما على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ نَفَذا، فقالَ لَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"على رِسْلِكُما، إنَّما هِىَ صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَىٍّ\". فقالا: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ! وكبُرَ عَلَيهِما ذَلِكَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَبلُغُ مِن ابنِ آدَمَ مَبلَغَ الدَّمِ، وإِنِّى خَشِيتُ أن يَقذِفَ في قَلوبِكُما شَيئًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٦) من طريق شعيب به. وتقدم في (٨٦٧٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٣٥)، ومسلم (٢١٧٥/ ٢٥).","vol":"9","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1931>كتابُ الحَجِّ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1932>بابُ إثباتِ فرضِ الحَجِّ على مَنِ استَطاعَ إلَيه سَبيلًا وكانَ حُرًّا بالِغًا عاقِلًا مُسلِمًا</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧].\n\n٨٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ يقولُ: مَن كَفَرَ بالحَجِّ فلَم يَرَ حَجَّه بِرًّا ولا تَرْكَه إثمًا (^١).\n\n٨٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٨٥]. قالَتِ اليَهودُ: فنَحنُ مُسلِمونَ. قال اللهُ ﷿: فأَخصَمَهُم بحُجَّتِهِم. يَعنِى فقالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ فرَضَ على المُسلِمينَ حِجَّ البَيتِ مَنِ استَطاعَ إلَيه سَبيلًا\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٩٧١). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦٢١، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٨٧٢) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"9","page":197},{"text":"فقالوا: لَم يُكتَبْ عَلَينا. وأَبَوا أن يَحُجّوا، قال اللهُ: ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ قال عِكرِمَةُ: ومَن كَفَرَ مِن أهلِ المِلَلِ فإِنَّ اللهَ غَنِىٌّ عن العالمِينَ (^١).\n\n٨٦٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾: مَن إن حَجَّ لَم يَرَه بِرًّا، ومَن تَرَكَه لَم يَرَه إثمًا (^٢).\nوروّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ مِثلَ ما قال عِكرِمَةُ:\n\n٨٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا﴾. قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ قال أهلُ المِلَلِ كُلُّهُم: نَحنُ مُسلِمونَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ﴾. قال: يَعنِى على النّاسِ، فحَجَّ المُسلِمونَ وتَرَكَه المُشرِكونَ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا كَهمَسُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ بُرَيدَةَ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٥٠٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٠٩، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٥٥٦، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٨٧٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٥١٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٢٨ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٥٥.","vol":"9","page":198},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذاتَ يَومٍ إذ طَلَعَ رَجُلٌ شَديدُ بَياضِ الثّيابِ شَديدُ سَوادِ الشَّعَرِ، لا يُرَى عَلَيه أثَرُ السَّفَرِ ولا نَعرِفُه، حَتَّى جَلَسَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَسنَدَ رُكبَتَه إلَى رُكبَتهِ، ووَضَعَ كَفَّيه على فخِذَيه، ثُمَّ قال: يا محمدُ، أخبِرْنِى عن الإسلامِ، ما الإسلامُ؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الإسلامُ أن تَشهَدَ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، وتُقيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتِىَ الزَّكاةَ، وتَصومَ رَمَضانَ، وتَحُجَّ البَيتَ إن استَطَعتَ السَّبيلَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: صَدَقتَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه. قال: ثُمَّ قال لي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا عُمَرُ، أتَدرِى مَنِ السّائلُ؟ \". قلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"ذاكَ جِبريلُ أتاكُم يُعَلِّمُكُم دينَكُم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن كَهمَسٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في كِتابِ \"معرفة الحديث\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كُنّا نُهينا أن نَسأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن شَئٍ، وكانَ يُعجِبُنا أن يأتيَه الرَّجُلُ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ فيَسأَلَه ونَحنُ نَسمَعُ، فأَتاه رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فقالَ: يا محمدُ، أتانا رسولُكَ فزَعَمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٨) عن عبد الله بن يزيد به. وأبو داود (٤٦٩٥)، والترمذي (٢٦١٠)، والنسائي (٥٠٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٠٤)، وابن حبان (١٦٨) من طريق كهمس به. وسيأتي في (٨٨٢٦، ٢٠٩١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨/ ١).","vol":"9","page":199},{"text":"أنَّكَ تَزعُمُ أنَّ اللهَ أرسَلَكَ. قال: \"صَدَقَ\". قال: فمَن خَلَقَ السَّماءَ؟ قال: \"اللهُ\". قال: فمَن خَلَقَ الأرضَ؟ قال: \"اللهُ\". قال: فمَن نَصبَ هذه الجِبالَ؟ قال: \"اللهُ\". قال: فمَن جَعَلَ فيها هذه المَنافِعَ؟ قال: \"اللهُ\". قال: فبِالَّذِى خَلَقَ السَّماءَ والأرضَ ونَصَبَ الجِبالَ وجَعَلَ فيها هذه المَنافِعَ، آللهُ أرسَلَكَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: وزَعَمَ رسولُكَ أنَّ عَلَينا خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ في يَومِنا ولَيلَتِنا. قال: \"صَدَقَ\". قال: فبِالَّذِى أرسَلَكَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: وزَعَمَ رسولُكَ أنَّ عَلَينا صَدَقَةً في أموالِنا. قال: \"صَدَقَ\". قال: فبِالَّذِى أرسَلَكَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: وزَعَمَ رسولُكَ أنَّ عَلَينا صَومَ شَهرٍ في سَنَتِنا. قال: \"صَدَقَ\". قال: فبِالَّذِى أرسَلَكَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: وزَعَمَ رسولُكَ أنَّ عَلَينا حِجَّ البَيتِ مَنِ استَطاعَ إلَيه سَبيلًا. قال: \"صَدَقَ\". قال: فبِالَّذِى أرسَلَكَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أزيدُ عَلَيهِنَّ ولا أنقُصُ مِنهُنَّ. فلَمَّا مَضَى قال: \"لَئن صَدَقَ لَيَدخُلَنَّ الجَنَّةَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن أبي النَّضرِ هاشِمِ بنِ القاسِمِ. قالَ البخاريُّ: ورَواه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ وعَلِىُّ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن سُلَيمانَ عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٢٦)، وفى الاعتقاد ص ٤١، ٤٢، والحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٥٧) عن هاشم بن القاسم أبي النضر به. والترمذي (٦١٩)، والنسائي (٢٠٩٠)، وابن حبان (١٥٥) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢/ ١٠)، والبخاري (٦٣).","vol":"9","page":200},{"text":"٨٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبِى بكر، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبِى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن (^١) الحَسَنِ، عن عليٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الصَّغيرِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الحِنثَ (^٢)، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ\" (^٣).\nورُوِّيناه مِن حَديثِ أبِى ظَبيانَ وأَبِى الضُّحَى عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n\n٨٦٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّما صَبِىٍّ حَجَّ ثُمَّ بَلَغَ الحِنثَ فعَلَيه أن يَحُجَّ حَجَّةً أُخرَى، وأَيُّما أعرابِىٍّ حَجَّ ثُمَّ هاجَرَ فعَلَيه حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى، وأَيُّما عبدٍ حَجَّ ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ فعَلَيه حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٤: \"على بن\".\n(^٢) يبلغ الحنث: أي يبلغ مبلغ الرجال فيكتب عليه الحنث أي الإثم. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٣) من طريق سعيد به. والترمذي (١٤٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٦) من طرق عن قتادة به. وسيأتي في (١٧٢٩٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١١٥٠).\n(^٤) رواية أبي ظبيان ستأتى في (١٧٢٩٦)، ورواية أبي الضحى تقدمت في (٥١٥٤)، وستأتى في (١١٤٢٠، عقب ١٧٢٩٧). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٠٤: لم يلحقوا سماعًا من على.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٧٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٥٠) من طريق محمد بن المنهال به. وسيأتي في (٩٩٣٨).","vol":"9","page":201},{"text":"٨٦٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: إذا حجَّ الأعرابِىُّ ثُمَّ هاجَرَ فإِنَّ عَلَيه حَجَّةَ الإِسلامِ، وكَذَلِكَ العَبدُ والصَّبِىُّ (^١). هَكَذا رَواه مَوقوفًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1933>بابُ وُجوبِ الحَجِّ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً</span>\n\n٨٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ القُرَشِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"أيُّها النَّاسُ، قَد فُرِضَ عَلَيكُمُ الحَجُّ فحُجّوا\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أكُلَّ عامٍ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فسَكَتَ حتَّى قالَها ثَلاثًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو قُلتُ: نَعَم. لَوَجَبَت ولَما استَطَعتُم\". ثُمَّ قال: \"ذَرونِى ما تَرَكتُكُم فإِنَّما هَلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم بكَثرَةِ سُؤالِهِم واختِلافِهِم على أنبيائِهم، وإِذا أمَرتُكُم بشَئٍ فأْتُوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم، وإِذا نَهَيتُكُم عن شَئٍ فدَعوه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (٣٠٥٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٠٦٠٧). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٤٧٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٠٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. والنسائي (٢٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٣٧٠٤، ٣٧٠٥) من طريق الربيع بن مسلم به، وتقدم في (١٨٤٤، ٨٢٩٦)، وسيأتي في (١٣٧٢١).","vol":"9","page":202},{"text":"عن رُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^١).\n\n٨٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَةِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: أهلَلْنا أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ خالِصًا. فَذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: فقالَ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكٍ: مُتعَتُنا هذه يا رسولَ اللهِ لِعامِنا هَذا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ قال: \"لا بَل لِلأبَدِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ (^٤) بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي سِنانٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيكُمُ الحَجَّ\". فَقامَ الأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ فقالَ: أفِى كُلِّ عامٍ يا رسولَ الله؟ قال: \"لَو قُلتُها لَوَجَبَت، ولَو وجَبَت لَم تَعمَلوا بها، ولَم تَستَطيعوا أن تَعمَلوا بها، الحَجُّ مَرَّةٌ فمَن زادَ فتَطَوُّعٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٣٧/ ٤١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٠٩)، وأبو داود (١٧٨٧)، والنسائي (٢٨٠٤)، وابن ماجه (١٠٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥٧، ٢٧٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩١) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتي في (٨٧٥٨، ٨٩٤٣، ٩٠٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٥٧)، ومسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤١).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤١٤.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٩٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٤) عن عفان به. والدارمي (١٨٢٩) من طريق سليمان بن =","vol":"9","page":203},{"text":"تابَعَه سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبي حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبي سِنانٍ (^١)، وقالَ عُقَيلٌ: عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سِنانٍ (^٢). وهو أبو سِنانٍ الدُّؤَلِىُّ.\nوفِي حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّ سُراقَةَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: مُتعَتُنا هذه يا رسولَ اللهِ لِعامِنا هَذا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل لِلأبَدِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1934>بابُ حَجِّ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n٨٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبي عَمْرَةَ، حَدَّثَتنا عائشَةُ بنتُ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: قُلتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنّا نَغزو ونُجاهِدُ مَعَكُم. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَكِن أحسَنُ الجِهادِ وأَفضَلُه الحَجُّ، حَجٌّ مَبرورٌ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ: فلا أدَعُ الحَجَّ أبَدًا بَعدَ إذ سَمِعتُ هَذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى\n_________\n= كثير به. والنسائي (٢٦١٩) من طريق الزهري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٥٧).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٧٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨٦) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٩٩٣٦) من طريق محمد بن أبي حفصة.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٧٢١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٦٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٩٧) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به. ولفظه عنده: \"يا رسول الله، ألا نجاهد معك؟ \".\n(^٥) البخاري (١٨٦١). ولفظه عنده: يا رسول الله، ألا نغزو ونجاهد معكم؟","vol":"9","page":204},{"text":"قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الجَمّالُ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: استأذَنَه نِساؤُه في الجِهادِ فقالَ - ﷺ -: \"يَكفيكُنَّ الحَجُّ، أو: جِهادُكُنَّ الحَجُّ\" (^١). وقالَ الفِريابِىُّ عن سُفيانَ: استأذَنّا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - في الجِهادِ، فقالَ: \"حَسبُكُنَّ الحَجُّ. أو: جِهادُكُنَّ الحَجُّ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٦٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحَافِظُ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٣). رَواهُما البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: إنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أذِنَ لأزواجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في الحَجِّ، فبَعَثَ مَعَهُنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ، فنادَى النّاسَ عثمانُ: ألا يَدنوَ مِنهُنَ أحَدٌ ولا يَنظُرَ إلَيهِنَّ إلَّا مَدَّ البَصَرِ، وهُنَّ في الهَوادِجِ على الإِبِلِ، وأَنزَلَهُنَّ صَدرَ الشِّعبِ، ونَزَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ وعُثمانُ - ﵄ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٨٣)، والبخاري (٢٨٧٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٧٨٦١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٢٢)، والنسائى (٢٦٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧٠٢) من طريق حبيب بن أبي عمرة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٧٦).","vol":"9","page":205},{"text":"بذَنَبِه فلَم يَقعُدْ إلَيهِنَّ أحَدٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ مُختَصرًا (^٢).\n\n٨٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ جَميعًا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، قال سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ: عن واقِدِ بنِ أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن أبي واقِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ لأزواجِه في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"هذه ثُمَّ ظُهورَ الحُصرِ (^٣) \" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: في حَجِّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - وغَيرِها مِن أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ ﵅ بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ من هذا الخَبَرِ، وُجوبُ الحَجَّ عَلَيهِنَّ مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، كما بَيَّنَ وُجوبَه على الرِّجالِ مَرَّةً، لا المَنعُ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ عَلَيه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1935>بابُ بَيانِ السَّبيلِ الَّذِى بوُجودِه يَجِبُ الحَجُّ إذا تَمَكَّنَ مِن فِعلِهِ</span>\n\n٨٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٢١٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٣٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٦٠).\n(^٣) ثم ظهور الحصر: الحصر بضمتين وتسكن الصاد تخفيفًا، جمع الحصير الذي يبسط في البيوت. وقوله: ثم ظهور الحصر. معناه: عليكن لزوم البيوت، أي أنكن لا تعدن تخرجن من بيوتكن وتلزمن الحصر. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٠٥) عن سعيد بن منصور به. وأبو داود (١٧٢٢) من طريق الدراوردى به. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٣٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥١٥).","vol":"9","page":206},{"text":"سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ. قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ وأبو حُذَيفَةَ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما السَّبيلُ إلَى الحَجِّ؟ قال: \"السَّبيلُ، الزّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ هَذا مِن حَديثِ الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا:\n\n٨٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ يَعنِى الحَفَرِىَّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عن السَّبيلِ، قال: \"الزَّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ\" (^٢).\nوهَذا شاهِدٌ لِحَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ الخُوزِىِّ، وروِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِه مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦١٢ من طريق أبي حذيفة به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٧ من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (٨١٣، ٢٩٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٩٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن يزيد به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث لا نعرفه من حديث ابن عمر إلا من حديث إبراهيم بن يزيد الخوزى، وقد تكلم بعض أهل الحديث في إبراهيم بن يزيد من قبل حفظه. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٠٧: رواه وكيع ومروان الفزارى عن إبراهيم وهو ضعيف. وسيأتي في (٨٧١١، ٩١٨٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٥٧)، وفى المعرفة (٢٦٦٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٣٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٣٣).","vol":"9","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1936>بابُ المَضنوِّ (^١) في بَدَنِه لا يَثبُتُ على مَركَبٍ وهو قادِرٌ على مَن يُطيعُه أو يَستأجِرُه فيَلزَمُه فريضَةُ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كان الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ رَديفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فجاءَته امرأةٌ مِن خَثعَمَ تَستَفتيه، فجَعَلَ الفَضلُ يَنظُرُ إلَيها وتَنظُرُ إلَيه، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصرِفُ وجهَ الفَضلِ إلَى الشِّقِّ الآخَرِ، قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ فريضَةَ اللهِ على عِبادِه في الحَجِّ أدرَكَت أبي شَيخًا كَبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَثبُتَ على الرّاحِلَةِ، أفأَحُجُّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". وذَلِكَ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المضنو: من مرض مرضًا ملازما حتى أشرف على الموت. المصباح المنير ص ١٣٨ (ض ن ى).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٥٦). والشافعي ٢/ ١١٤، وأبو داود (١٨٠٩)، ومالك ١/ ٣٥٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٢٣٨، ٣٣٧٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٣١، ٣٠٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٨٩، ٣٩٩٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٥٥)، ومسلم (١٣٣٤/ ٤٠٧).","vol":"9","page":208},{"text":"٨٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ ماسِى، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي سلَمةَ الماجِشونُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ مِن خَثعَمَ تَستَفتِى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فقالَت: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، إنَّ فريضَةَ اللهِ على عِبادِه في الحَجِّ أدرَكَت أبي شَيخًا كَبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَستَوِىَ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فهَل يَقضِى عنه أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١).\n\n٨٧٠١ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ وأبو سلَمةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه. رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي سلَمةَ موسى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٣)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٢٦) عن أبي مسلم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٥٤).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤، م: \"النرسي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠.","vol":"9","page":209},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنَّ أبي أدرَكَ الحَجَّ وهو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَركَبَ البَعيرَ، أفأحُجُّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"حُجِّى عنه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عاصِمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ (^١) الأزرَقِ: إنَّ أبي أدرَكَته فريضَةُ اللهِ في الحَجِّ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي عاصِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: إنَّ امرأةً مِن خَثعَمَ سألَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَداةَ النَّحرِ والفَضلُ رِدفَه، فقالَت: إنَّ فريضَةَ اللهِ في الحَجِّ على عِبادِه أدرَكَت أبي وهو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَستَمسِكَ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فهَل تَرَى أن يُحَجَّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال سفيانُ: هَكَذا حِفظِى أنَّها قالَت: هَل تَرَى أن يُحَجَّ عنه؟ وغَيرِى يقولُ في هَذا الحديثِ: فهَل تَرَى أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ قال سفيانُ: وكانَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ حَدَّثَناه أوَّلًا عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فقالَ فيه: أوَ يَنفَعُه ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، كما لَو كان على أحَدِكم دَينٌ فقَضاه\". فلَمَّا جاءَنا الزُّهرِىُّ حَدَّثَناه فتَفَقَّدتُه،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ابن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٤٩٦.\n(^٢) محمد بن عمرو الرزاز في جزئه (٢٨٤). وأخرجه الطبراني (٧٢٠) عن أبي مسلم به. وأحمد (١٨٢٢)، والترمذي (٩٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٣٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٥٣)، ومسلم (١٣٣٥/ ٤٠٨).","vol":"9","page":210},{"text":"فلَم يَقُلْ هَذا الكَلامَ الَّذِى رَواه عنه عمرٌو (^١).\n\n٨٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ السّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه أنَّ امرأةً مِن خَثعَمَ استَفتَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ والفَضلُ رَديفُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ فريضةَ الله في الحَجِّ على عِبادِه أدرَكَت أبي شَيخًا كَبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَستَوِىَ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فهَل يَقضى أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ عن الفِريابِيِّ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا زَكريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ المَخزومِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليٍّ، أنَّ امرأةً مِن خَثعَمَ شابَّةً قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبي شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ أدرَكَته فريضةُ اللهِ على عِبادِه في\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٩، ٧٣٠، والحميدى (٥٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٣٢، ٣٠٤٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (٩٩٤٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٤٩)، والنسائي (٥٤٠٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٣٩٩).","vol":"9","page":211},{"text":"الحَجِّ لا يَستَطيعُ أداءَها، فيُجزِئُ عَنِّى أن أُؤَدّيَها عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١).\nورَواه الدَّراوَردِىُّ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ، وقالَ فيه: فهَل يُجزِئُ عنه أن أُؤَدّيَها عَنهُ؟\n\n٨٧٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سَلَمَة، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىِّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: إنَّ أبي شَيخٌ (^٢) قَد أفنَدَ (^٣). وقالَ: فهَل يُجزِئُ عنه أن أُؤَدّيَها عَنهُ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: شابَّةً (^٤).\n\n٨٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي النُّعمانُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن أبي رَزينٍ العُقَيلِيِّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبي شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ الحَجَّ ولا العُمرَةَ ولا الظَّعْنَ (^٥). قال: \"حُجَّ عن أبيكَ واعتَمِرْ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٢)، والترمذي (٨٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٣٧، ٢٨٨٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن عياش به. وسيأتي في (١٣٦٤٢) بنحوه. وصححه الترمذي. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٩١).\n(^٢) بعده في س، والأم: \"كبير\".\n(^٣) أفند: تكلم بالمحرَّف من الكلام. النهاية ٣/ ٤٧٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٥٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١٤.\n(^٥) الظعن: الخروج. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٦١٩.\n(^٦) الطيالسي (١١٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٨٤)، وأبو داود (١٨١٠)، والترمذي (٩٣٠)، والنسائي =","vol":"9","page":212},{"text":"٨٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن خَثعَمَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبي أدرَكَ الإسلامَ وهو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ رُكوبَ الرَّحلِ والحَجُّ مَكتوبٌ عَلَيه، أفأحُجُّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"أنتَ أكبَرُ ولَدِه؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"أرأيتَ إن كان على أبيكَ دَينٌ فقَضَيتَه أكانَ ذَلِكَ يُجزِئُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قالَ: \"فاحجُجْ عنه\" (^١).\nاختُلِفَ في هَذا على مَنصورٍ فرَواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ هَكَذا.\n\n٨٧٠٩ - ورَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ عن مَنصورٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن مَولًى لابنِ الزُّبَيرِ يُقالُ له: يوسُفُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أوِ الزُّبَيرُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن سَوْدَةَ بنتِ زَمْعَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ أبي شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَحُجَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو كان على أبيكَ دَينٌ فقَضيتَه عنه قُبِلَ مِنكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فاللهُ أرحَمُ، حُجَّ عن أبيكَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n_________\n= (٢٦٢٠، ٢٦٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٩١) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٨٨٢٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٩٥).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٢٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٣٧) من طريق جرير به. وضعف الألباني إسناده في ضعيف النسائي (١٦٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤١٧)، والدارمي (١٨٧٩) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد الصمد به. وقال =","vol":"9","page":213},{"text":"ورَواه إسرائيلُ عن مَنصورٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن مَولًى لآلِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ سَوْدَةَ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه.\nوأرسَلَه الثَّورِىُّ عن مَنصورٍ فقالَ: عن يوسُفَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١). [والصَّحيحُ عن مُجاهِدٍ: عن يوسُفَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -] (^٢). كَذَلِكَ قالَه البُخارِىُّ (^٣).\n\n٨٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ أُمِّى امرأةٌ كَبيرَةٌ لا نَستَطيعُ أن نُركِبَها على البَعيرِ لا تَستَمسِكُ، وإِن رَبَطتُها خِفتُ أن تَموتَ. أَفأحُجُّ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٤). رِواياتُ ابنِ سيرينَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ تَكونُ مُرسَلَةً. وقَد رُوِىَ عن عَوفِ بنِ أبي جَميلَةَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٥)، ورِوايَةُ أيّوبَ أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٨٢: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٠٢)، والنسائي (٢٦٤٣). وعندهما: عن يوسف عن ابن الزبير. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٦٨).\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٣) رواه عنه الترمذي في علله الكبير ص ١٣٧.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (١٥٨)، وينظر المراسيل لابن أبي حاتم ص ١١٦. وأخرجه محمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ٢/ ٢٢٩ من طريق مالك به، وفيه: \"عن ابن سيرين عن رجل عن ابن عباس\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٣٨).","vol":"9","page":214},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1937>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُطيقُ المَشىَ ولا يَجِدُ زادًا ولا راحِلَةً فلا يَبينُ أن يوجَبَ عَلَيه الحَجُّ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد رُوِىَ أحاديثُ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - تَدُلُّ على أن لا يَجِبُ المَشىُ على أحَدٍ إلَى الحَجِّ وإِن أطاقَه، غيرَ أنَّ مِنها مُنقَطِعَةً، ومِنها ما يَمتَنِعُ أهلُ الحديثِ مِن تَثبيتِهِ (^١). ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِى:\n\n٨٧١١ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بن سالِمٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: قَعدْنا إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: سألَ رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ما الحاجُّ؟ قال: \"الشَّعِثُ التَّفِلُ (^٢) \". فقامَ آخَرُ فقالَ. يا رسولَ اللهِ، أىُّ الحَجَّةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"العَجّ والثَّجُّ (^٣) \". فقامَ آخَرُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما السَّبيلُ؟ قال: \"زادٌ وراحِلَةٌ\" (^٤).\nهَذا الَّذِى عَنَى الشّافِعِىُّ بقَولِه: مِنها ما يَمتَنِعُ أهلُ العِلمِ مِن تَثبيتِه. وإِنَّما امتَنَعوا مِنه؛ لأنَّ الحديثَ يُعرَفُ بإِبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ الخُوزِىِّ، وقَد ضَعَّفَه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٥). أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١١٦.\n(^٢) يريد أن صفة الحاج أن يهجر الطيب والدهن حتى يشعث بدنه وتتغير رائحته. غريب الحديث للخطابي ٢/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٣) العج: رفع الصوت بالتلبية، والثج: سيلان دماء الهدى. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٦٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١٦. وتقدم في (٨٦٩٧). وسيأتي في (٩١٨٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٣٢).","vol":"9","page":215},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ الخُوزِى رَوَى حَديثَ محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ هَذا، لَيسَ بثِقَةٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٢)، إلَّا أنَّه أضعَفُ مِن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٤)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ مَتروكٌ (^٥).\nورُوِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ وحَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الزّادِ والرَّاحِلَةِ (^٦)، ولا أُراه إلَّا وهْمًا.\n\n٨٧١٢ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: سُئلَ عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) ينظر الكلام على محمد بن عبد الله بن عمير في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٤٢، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٠٠، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٥٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٨٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٨.\n(^٥) هو محمد بن الحجاج المصفر أبو عبد الله الهاشمي، بغدادى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٣٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٩٦، وتاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٨٢، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٦.","vol":"9","page":216},{"text":"سَبِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧]. قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما السَّبيلُ؟ قال: \"مَن وجَدَ زادًا وراحِلَةً\" (^١). هَذا هو المَحفوظُ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ (^٢). ورَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n٨٧١٣ - ورَواه عَتّابُ بنُ أعيَنَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ عن أُمِّه عن عائشةَ قالَت: سُئلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: ما السَّبيلُ إلَى الحَجِّ؟ قال: \"الزّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حاتِمٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِ عَتّابِ بنِ أعيَنَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَتّابٍ.\nورُوِىَ فيه أحاديثُ أُخَرُ لا يَصِحُّ شَئٌ مِنها، وحَديثُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ أشهَرُها، وقَد أكَّدناه بالَّذِى رَواه الحَسَنُ البَصرِيُّ وإِن كان مُنقَطِعًا.\n\n٨٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦١٣ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٥١٨ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦١٢، ٦١٣، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٨. وتقدم في (٨٦٩٨). وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٢٢١: وسنده صحيح إلى الحسن، ولا أرى الموصول إلا وهمًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٦٦٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٧ من طريق ابن أبي حاتم به. والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٣٢ من طريق عتاب به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٢٢١ بعد سرد روايات الحديث: وطرقها كلها ضعيفة، قال أبو بكر ابن المنذر: لا يثبت الحديث في ذلك مسندًا.","vol":"9","page":217},{"text":"عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾. قال: السَّبيلُ أن يَصِحَّ بَدَنُ العَبدِ، ويَكونَ له ثَمَنُ زادٍ وراحِلَةٍ مِن غَيرِ أن يُجحَفَ بهِ (^١).\n\n٨٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَ قَولِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: السَّبيلُ الزّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1938>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ زادًا وراحِلَةً فيَحُجُّ ماشيًا يَحتَسِبُ فيه زيادَةَ الأجرِ</span>\n\n٨٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ؛ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ. وعن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ، قالا: قالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيَصدُرُ النَّاسُ بنُسُكَينِ وأَصدُرُ بنُسُكٍ واحِدٍ؟ فَقالَ لها: \"انتَظِرِى، فإِذا طَهَرتِ فاخرُجِى إلَى التَّنعيمِ فأَهِلِّى مِنه، ثُمَّ ائتينا مَكانَ كَذا وكَذا، ولَكِنَّه على قَدرِ عَنائِكِ ونَصَبِكِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦١٠ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) مجموع أجزاء حديثية (٥٦٣ - حديث مكي بن أبي طالب ومحمود المزاحمى) عن أبي عبد الله محمد بن يعقوب به. وسيأتي في (٨٧٢١).","vol":"9","page":218},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^١)\n\n٨٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَن السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما آسَى على شَئٍ ما آسَى على أنِّى لَم أحُجَّ ماشيًا (^٢).\n\n٨٧١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ الوَليدِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ حَدَّثَهُم قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ما نَدِمتُ على شَئٍ فاتَنِى في شَبابِى إلَّا أنِّى لَم أحُجَّ ماشيًا. ولَقَد حَجَّ الحَسَن بنُ علىٍّ خَمسَةً وعِشرينَ حَجَّةً ماشيًا وإِنَّ النَّجائبَ لَتُقادُ مَعَه، ولَقَد قاسَمَ اللهَ مالَه ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ حتَّى إنَّه يُعطِى الخُفَّ ويُمسِكُ النَّعلَ (^٣). ابنُ عُمَيرٍ يقولُ ذَلِكَ رِوايَةً عن الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ وفيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n٨٧١٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٨٧)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٨٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥١٨ من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٣/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣ من طريق المصنف به. والفاكهى في أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٩٦ (٨٤٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن الوليد به مقتصرًا على أوله. والحاكم ٣/ ١٦٩ من طريق عبيد الله به مقتصرًا على آخره.","vol":"9","page":219},{"text":"أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا فروَةُ بنُ أبي المَغراءِ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ سَوادَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن زاذانَ قال: مَرِضَ ابنُ عباسٍ فجَمَعَ إلَيه بَنيه وأَهلَه فقالَ لَهُم: يا بَنِىَّ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن حَجَّ مِن مَكَّةَ ماشيًا حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَيها كُتِبَ له بكُلِّ خَطوَةٍ سَبعُمِائَةِ حَسَنَةٍ مِن حَسَناتِ الحَرَمِ\". فقالَ بَعضُهُم: وما حَسَناتُ الحَرَمِ؟ قال: كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ بمائَةِ ألفِ حَسَنَةٍ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عيسَى بنُ سَوادَةَ هَذا وهو مَجهولٌ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الزِّيَادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ وإِسماعيلَ عَلَيهِما الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ حَجّا ماشيَينِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1939>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ الرُّكوبَ لِما فيه مِن زيادَةِ النَّفَقَةِ والإِجمامِ (^٤) لِلدُّعاءِ، وأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّ راكِبًا، والخَيرُ في كُلِّ ما صَنعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n٨٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ (^٥)، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٩١)، والطبراني (١٢٦٠٦) من طرق عن عيسى بن سوادة به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٧٧، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢٣٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٣١٣، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٣٩٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٨٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥١٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) إجمام النفس: إراحتها. ينظر التاج ٣١/ ٤٢٧ (ج م م).\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٤.","vol":"9","page":220},{"text":"إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ، وابنُ عَونٍ عن القاسِمِ أنَّهُما قالا: قالَت أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ. وعن القاسِمِ، عن أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، يَصدُرُ النَّاسُ بنُسُكَينِ وأَصدُرُ بنُسُكٍ واحِدٍ. قال: \"انتَظِرِى، فإِذا طَهَرتِ فاخرُجِى إلَى التَّنعيمِ فأَهِلِّى مِنه، ثُمَّ القَينَا عِندَ كَذا وكَذا\". قال: أظُنُّه قال: \"غَدًا، ولَكِنَّها على قَدرِ نَصَبِكِ\". أو قال: \"نَفَقَتِكِ\". أو كما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٢٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي زُهَيرٍ الضُّبَعِيِّ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"النَّفَقَةُ في الحَجِّ كالنَّفَقَةِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿ سَبعينَ ضِعفًا\" (^٣).\n\n٨٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ وأبو زَكَريّا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٢٧) من طريق ابن علية به. وتقدم في (٨٧١٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الروياني في مسنده (٦٥) من طريق يحيى بن حماد به. وأحمد (٢٣٠٠٠) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٢: هذا غريب، ولا أعرف الضبعى. اهـ. قلنا: هو مترجم في ثقات ابن حبان (٧٤٩٨)، وتاريخ البخاري الكبير ٣/ ٦٣ (٢٢٩).","vol":"9","page":221},{"text":"ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان أهلُ اليَمَنِ يَحُجّونَ ولا يَتَزَوَّدونَ ويَقولونَ: نَحنُ مُتَوَكِّلونَ. فيَحُجّونَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فيَسأَلونَ النّاسَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ١٩٧]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بشرٍ عن شَبابَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عَزْرَةُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يَحُجُّ على رَحْلٍ، ولَم يَكُنْ شَحيحًا، وحَدَّثَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّ على رَحلٍ وكانَت زامِلَتَه (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو حامِدِ (^٥) ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١١٩٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٣٠) من طريق شبابة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٩٠، ١١٠٣٣) من طريق سفيان عن ورقاء به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٢٣).\n(^٣) الزاملة: البعير الذي يحمل عليه الطعام والمتاع. الفائق ٢/ ١٢٤.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٥٤) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥١٧).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"محمد\".","vol":"9","page":222},{"text":"وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقِ ابن أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن سعيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: صَدَرتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ يَومَ الصَّدَرِ (^١)، فمَرَّت بنا رُفقَةٌ يَمانيَةٌ رِحالُهُمُ الأدَمُ وخَطمُ إبِلِهِمُ الخُزُمُ (^٢)، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: مَن أحَبَّ أن يَنظُرَ إلَى أشبَهِ رُفقَةٍ ورَدَتَ الحَجَّ العامَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابِه إذ قَدِموا في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فليَنظُرْ إلَى هذه الرُّفقَةِ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ - هو الأصَمُّ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُكَيمٍ الكِنانِيُّ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ مِن مَواليهِم، عن بشرِ بنِ قُدامَةَ الضِّبابِىِّ قال: أبصَرَت عَيناىَ حِبِّى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - واقِفًا بعَرَفاتٍ مَعَ النّاسِ على ناقَةٍ له حَمراءَ قَصواءَ، تَحتَه قَطيفَةٌ بَولانيَّةٌ (^٤) وهو يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْها حَجَّةً غَيرَ رياءٍ ولا هَباءٍ ولا سُمعَةٍ\". والنّاسُ يقولونَ: هَذا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ: فسألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ حُكَيم فقُلتُ: يا أبا حُكَيم، وما القَصوَى؟ قال: أحسِبُها المُبَتَّرَةَ الأُذُنَينِ، فإِنَّ النّوقَ تُبتَرُ آذانُها لِتَسمَعَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) يوم الصدر: اليوم الرابع من أيام النحر؛ لأن الناس يصدرون فيه عن مكة إلى أماكنهم. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٥١٠.\n(^٢) الخزم: شجر يتخذ من لحائه الحبال. النهاية ٢/ ٣٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠١٦) عن أبي النضر به. وتقدم في (٦١٩١).\n(^٤) بولانية: منسوبة إلى بولان، اسم موضع. النهاية ١/ ١٦٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٣٦) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٣: إسناده لين.","vol":"9","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1940>باب الاستِسلافِ لِلحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن طارِقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي أوفَى يُسأَلُ عن الرَّجُلِ يَستَقرِضُ ويَحُجُّ، قال: يَستَرزِقُ اللهَ ولا يَستَقرِضُ. قال: وكُنّا نَقولُ: لا يَستَقرِضُ إلَّا أن يَكونَ له وفاءٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1941>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُؤاجِرُ نَفسَه مِن رَجُلٍ يَخدُمُه ثُمَّ يُهِلُّ بالحَجّ مَعَه، أو يُكرِى جِمالَه ثُم يَحُجُّ فيُجزِئُه حَجُّهُ</span>\n\n٨٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وسَعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَه فقالَ: أُؤاجِرُ نَفسِى مِن هَؤُلاءِ القَومِ فأَنسُكُ مَعَهُمُ المَناسِكَ، ألِىَ أجرٌ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: نَعَم ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٠٢].\n\n٨٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِىُّ الصِّبْغِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا اللَّبّادُ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٠٩٧) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٦٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١٦.","vol":"9","page":224},{"text":"قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنِّي أكرَيتُ نَفسِى إلَى الحَجِّ واشتَرَطتُ (^١) عَلَيهِم أن أحُجَّ، أَفَيُجزِئُ ذَلِكَ عَنِّى؟ قال: أنتَ مِنَ الَّذينَ قال اللهُ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ﴾ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىُّ عن سعيدٍ.\n\n٨٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا أبو أُمامَةَ التَّيمِىُّ قال: كُنتُ رَجُلًا أُكرِى مِن هَذا الوَجهِ، وكانَ أُناسٌ (^٣) يَقولونَ: إنَّه لَيسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ. فلَقِيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنِّي رَجُلٌ أُكرِى في هذه الأوجُهِ، وإِنَّ أُناسًا يَقولونَ لِي: إنَّه لَيسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ. فقالَ: ألَستَ تُحرِمُ وتُلَبِّى وتَطوفُ بالبَيتِ وتُفيضُ مِن عَرَفاتٍ وتَرمِى الجِمارَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فإِنَّ لَكَ حَجًّا؛ جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن مِثلِ ما سألتَنِى عنه، فسَكَتَ عنه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يُجِبْه حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨]، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَرأ هذه الآيَةَ عَلَيه وقالَ: \"لَكَ حَجٌّ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"وأشرطت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي داود في كتاب المصاحف ص ٧٤ من طريق أبي نعيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٣٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) في م: \"الناس\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٩. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٣٣) عن مسدد به. وابن خزيمة (٣٠٥١) من طريق العلاء =","vol":"9","page":225},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1942>بابُ التِّجارَةِ في الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَت عُكاظٌ ومَجَنَّةُ وذو المَجازِ أسواقًا في الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا كان الإسلامُ تأثَّموا مِنَ التِّجارَةِ فيها، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: (ليس عليكم جناح أن تبتغوا فضلا من ربكم في مَواسِمِ الحَجِّ) (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الله وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ العباسِ العَقَبِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النّاسَ في أوَّلِ الحَجِّ كانوا يَتَبايَعونَ بمِنًى وعَرَفَةَ وسوقِ ذِى المَجازِ ومَواسِمِ\n_________\n= ابن المسيب به. وأحمد (٦٤٣٤) من طريق أبي أمامة التيمى به. وسيأتي في (١١٧٧١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٢٥).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٨٩٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال أبو حيان: وقرأ ابن مسعود وابن عباس وابن الزبير: (فضلًا من ربكم في مواسم الحج)، والأولى جعل هذا تفسيرا؛ لأنه مخالف لسواد المصحف الذي أجمعت عليه الأمة. البحر المحيط ٢/ ١٠٣. وينظر الإتقان للسيوطي ١/ ٢٦٥، ٢٦٦.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٥٠، ٢٠٩٨، ٤٥١٩).","vol":"9","page":226},{"text":"الحَجِّ، فخافوا البَيعَ وهُم حُرُمٌ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: (ليس عليكم جناحٌ أن تبتغوا فضلًا مِن ربِّكم في مَواسِمِ الحَجِّ). زادَ آدَمُ في رِوايَتِه قال: فحَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه كان يَقرَؤُها في المُصحَفِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1943>بابُ إمكانِ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا شاذانُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن ابنِ سابِطٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يَحبِسْه مَرَضٌ، أو حاجَةٌ ظاهِرَةٌ، أو سُلطانٌ جائرٌ، ولَم يَحُجَّ، فليَمُتْ إن شاءَ يَهوديًّا أو نَصرانيًّا\" (^٢). وهَذا وإِن كان إسنادُه غَيرَ قَوِىٍّ فلَه شاهِدٌ مِن قَولِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -:\n\n٨٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، أنَّ الضَّحّاكَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأشعَرِىَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ غَنْمٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: لِيَمُتْ يَهوديًّا أو نَصرانيًّا - يَقولُها ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - رَجُلٌ ماتَ ولَم يَحُجَّ، وجَدَ لِذَلِكَ سَعَةً وخَلِيَت سَبيلُه؛ فحَجَّةٌ أحُجُّها\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٦٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٤٩، ٤٨١، ٤٨٢، وتفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٥٤) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨٢٦) من طريق شريك به.","vol":"9","page":227},{"text":"وأَنا صَرورَةٌ (^١) أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن سِتِّ غَزَواتٍ أو سَبعٍ - ابنُ نُعَيمٍ يَشُكُّ - ولَغَزوَةٌ أغزوها بَعدَ ما أحُجُّ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن سِتِّ حَجّاتٍ أو سَبعٍ. ابنُ نُعَيمٍ يَشُكُّ فيهِما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1944>بابُ رُكوبِ البحرِ لِحَجٍّ أو عمرَةٍ أو غَزوٍ</span>\n\n٨٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكر أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ زَكَريّا وصالِحِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَركَبَنَّ رَجُلٌ بَحرًا إلَّا غازيًا أو مُعتَمِرًا أو حاجًّا، وإِنَّ تَحتَ البحرِ نارًا وتَحتَ النَّارِ بَحرًا\" (^٢).\n\n٨٧٣٦ - وقيلَ فيه: عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن بشرٍ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن مُطَرِّفٍ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: \"لا يَركَبِ البحرَ\" (^٣).\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ: لَم يَصِحَّ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما سيأتي عقب (٩٨٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٢/ ١٠٤ من طريق إسماعيل بن زكريا به، وسيأتي في (١١١٨٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٤٩٨)، وأبو داود (٢٤٨٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٣٩٣). وينظر ما سيأتي عقب (١١١٨٩).","vol":"9","page":228},{"text":"حَديثُه (^١). يَعنِى حَديثَ بَشيرِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ هَذا.\n\n٨٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، عن شُعبَةَ وهَمّامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو أنَّه قال: ماءُ البحرِ لا يُجزِئُ مِن وُضوءٍ ولا مِن جَنابَةٍ؛ إنَّ تَحتَ البحرِ نارًا، ثُمَّ ماءً، ثُمَّ نارًا. حَتَّى عَدَّ سَبعَةَ أبحُرٍ وسَبعَةَ أنيارٍ (^٢). هَكَذا رُوِىَ مَوقوفًا.\n\n٨٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ حُيَىٍّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن يَعلَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"البحرُ هو جَهَنَّمُ\". ثُمَّ تَلا ﴿نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا﴾ [الكهف: ٢٩]. قال يَعلَى: واللهِ لا أدخُلُه أبَدًا، واللهِ لا تُصيبُنِى مِنه قَطرَةٌ أبَدًا (^٣).\n\n٨٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٠٥.\n(^٢) الأنيار: جمع نار، وأصلها أنوار؛ لأنها من الواو، وإنما جمعت على أنيار وهو واوى لئلا يشتبه بجمع النور. ينظر تحفة الأحوذي ٣/ ٣١٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٠٣) عن أبي داود الطيالسي عن هشام عن قتادة به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٥: هذا الموقوف صحيح.\n(^٣) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٤٩٧). والمعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٦٠) عن أبي عاصم عن عبد الله بن أمية عن محمد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٥: لا أعرف ابن حيى. اهـ. قلنا: ذكره البخاري في تاريخه الكبير ١/ ٧٠ (ترجمة: ١٧٠).","vol":"9","page":229},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"حَجَّةٌ لِمَن لَم يَحُجَّ خَيرٌ مِن عَشْرِ غَزَواتٍ، وغَزوَةٌ لَمَن قَد حَجَّ خَيرٌ مِن عَشْرِ حِجَجٍ، وغَزوَةٌ في البحرِ خَيرٌ مِن عَشْرِ غَزَواتٍ في البَرِّ، ومَنِ اجتازَ البحرَ فكأنَّما جازَ (^١) الأوديَةَ كُلَّها، والمائدُ (^٢) فيه كالمُتَشَحِّطِ (^٣) في دَمِه\" (^٤). كَذا رَواه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ بهَذا الإسنادِ عَنه.\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عمرٍو قال: غَزوَةٌ في البحرِ كَعَشْرِ غَزَواتٍ في البَرِّ، ومَن أجازَ البحرَ فكأئَّما أجازَ الأوديَةَ كُلَّها، والمائدُ في السَّفينَةِ كالمُتَشَحِّطِ في دَمِهِ (^٥). هَكَذا مَوقوفًا.\n\n٨٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ العَيشِىُّ (^٦). قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ المَعنَى، حدثنا مَرْوانُ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ مَيمونٍ الرَّمْلىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م: \"اجتاز\".\n(^٢) المائد: الذي يدار برأسه من ريح البحر واضطراب السفينة بالأمواج. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٣) المتشحط في دمه: المتخبط فيه والمضطرب والمتمرغ. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤٢٢١). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣١٤٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٤٣ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٨١: وفيه عبد الله بن صالح كاتب الليث، قال عبد الملك بن شعيب بن الليث: ثقة مأمون، وضعفه غيره.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٦٣٠)، وابن أبي سنة (١٩٦٣٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"حدثنا مروان\".","vol":"9","page":230},{"text":"عن يَعلَى بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن أُمِّ حَرامٍ - ﵂ -، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"المائدُ في البحرِ الَّذِى يُصيبُه القَئُ له أجرُ شَهيدٍ، والغَرِقُ له أجرُ شَهيدَينِ\" (^١).\n\n٨٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ خِرّيتٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ هاديَةَ (^٢) قال: لَقيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: مِن أينَ أنتَ؟ فقُلتُ: مِن أهلِ عُمانَ. قال: مِن أهلِ عُمانَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: أُحَدِّثُكَ ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنِّي لأعلَمُ أرضًا يُقالُ لَها: عُمانُ، يَنضَحُ بجانِبِها البحرُ، الحَجَّةُ مِنها أفضَلُ مِن حَجَّتَينِ مِن غَيرِها\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1945>باب الحَجِّ عن المَيِّتِ، وأنَّ الحَجَّةَ الواجِبَةَ مِن رأسِ المالِ</span>\n\n٨٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدِ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه بُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيبٍ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ تَصَدَّقتُ على أُمِّى بوَليدَةٍ، وإِنَّها ماتَت وتَرَكَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٤٩٣). وأخرجه الحميدي (٣٤٩)، وابن أبي عاصم في الجهاد (٢٨٥، ٢٨٦) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٧٧).\n(^٢) في س: \"هناد\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٠، والثقات لابن حبان ٤/ ١٢٣، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٥٣) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والبخاري في تاريخه ٢/ ٣٠٧ من طريق جرير به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢١٧: رجاله ثقات.","vol":"9","page":231},{"text":"الوَليدَةَ، قال: \"وجَبَ أجرُكِ، ورَجَعَ إلَيكِ في الميراثِ\". قالَت: فإِنَّها ماتَت وعَلَيها صَومٌ، فيُجزِئُ أن أصومَ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قالَت: ولَم تَحُجَّ، فيُجزِئُ أن أحُجَّ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١).\n\n٨٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَطاءٍ بهَذا الإسناد نَحوَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت يَعنِى: إنَّ أُمَّى نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ فماتَت قَبلَ أن تَحُجَّ، أفأحُجُّ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم فحُجِّى عَنها؛ أرأيتِ لَو كان على أُمِّكِ دَينٌ أكُنتِ قاضيَتِه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قالَ: \"اقضوا اللهَ، فإنَّ اللهَ أحَقُّ بالوَفاءِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٥٦) عن أحمد بن يونس به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٧) من طريق زهير به. وتقدم في (٧٧١٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٣١٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٤٩/ ١٥٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (١٨٥٢)، والطبراني (١٢٤٤٤) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وسيأتي في (٩٩٤٢، ١٢٧٢٨، ١٢٧٥٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٧٣١٥).","vol":"9","page":232},{"text":"٨٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ [بنِ عبدانَ] (^١)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا صَفوانُ، عن الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ (^٢) قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ، عن أبي الغَوثِ بنِ الحُصَينِ الخَثعَمِىِّ قال: قُلت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبي أدرَكَته فريضَةُ اللهِ في الحَجِّ وهو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَتَمالَكُ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فما تَرَى أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم حُجَّ عنه\". قال \"يا رسولَ اللهِ، وكَذلِكَ مَن ماتَ مِن أهلينا ولَم يوصِ بحَجٍّ، فَنَحُجُّ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم وتُؤجَرونَ\". قال: ويُتَصَدَّقُ عنه ويُصامُ عَنهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم والصَّدَقَةُ أفضَلُ\". وكَذَلِكَ في النُّذورِ والمَشىِ إلَى المَسجِدِ (^٣)، إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٨٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ أبنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ أنَّهُما قالا: الحَجَّةُ الواجِبَةُ مِن رأسِ المالِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1946>بابُ مَن لَيسَ له أن يَحُجَّ عن غَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٨٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"زريق\". بتقديم الزاى على الراء. وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٠، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٦٠٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٩٨٦) من طريق صفوان به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٠٥). قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٦: من حديث الوليد لكن عن عثمان بن عطاء عن أبيه عن أبي الغوث، وبينهما منقطع. وسيأتي في (١٢٧٥٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٧٠). وهو في الأم ٢/ ١٢٥.","vol":"9","page":233},{"text":"أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ داودَ السِّجْزِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الكِلابِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عن شُبرُمَةَ. فقالَ: \"مَن شُبرُمَةُ؟ \". فذَكَرَ أخًا له أو قَرابَةً، فقالَ: \"أحَجَجتَ قَطُّ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاجعَلْ هذه عَنكَ ثُمَّ حُجَّ عن شُبرُمَةَ\" (^٢). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ لَيسَ في هَذا البابِ أصَحُّ مِنه. أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إسماعيلَ وهَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ عن عبدَةَ (^٣).\nوقالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: أثبَتُ النّاسِ سَماعًا مِن سعيدٍ عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو يوسُفَ القاضِى عن سعيدٍ:\n\n٨٧٤٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يُلَبِّى عن شُبرُمَةَ، فقالَ: \"مَن شُبرُمَةُ؟ \". فقالَ: أخِى أو ذو قَرابَةٍ لِي. فقالَ: \"حَجَجتَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الهمذانى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٨٨) من طريق ابن نمير به. وابن خزيمة (٣٠٣٩) عن هارون بن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٨١).\n(^٤) ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ٤١٦، والكواكب النيرات ١/ ١٩٥.","vol":"9","page":234},{"text":"قَطُّ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاجعَلْ هذه عن نَفسِكَ، ثُمَّ حُجَّ عنه\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بشرٍ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢)، ورَواه غُندَرٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣).\nومَن رَواه مَرفوعًا حافِظٌ ثِقَةٌ فلا يَضُرُّه خِلافُ مَن خالَفَه، وَعَزْرَةُ هَذا هو عَزْرَةُ بنُ يَحيَى. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عليٍّ الحافظَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ. قال: وقَد رَوَى قَتادَةُ أيضًا عن عَزْرَةَ بنِ تَميمٍ، وعن عَزْرَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ.\n\n٨٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عن فُلانٍ. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إن كُنتَ حَجَجتَ فلَبِّ عنه، وإلَّا فاحجُجْ عن نَفسِكَ ثُمَّ احجُجْ عنه\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مُرسَلًا.\n\n٨٧٥٠ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبي خَلَفٍ الصّوفِىُّ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٠ عن إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧١ من طريق غندر به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٧٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١٤.","vol":"9","page":235},{"text":"ابنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن شَريكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رأى رَجُلًا يُلَبِّى عن رَجُلٍ، فقالَ له: \"لَبَّيتَ عن نَفسِكَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَبِّ عن نَفسِكَ، ثُمَّ لَبِّ عن فُلانٍ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى (^٢). ورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ (^٣). ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٤). والرِّوايَةُ الأُولَى أَولَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٧٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ يوسُفَ المَرْوَرُّوذِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ زَنجُويَه، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عن شُبرُمَةَ. فقالَ: \"حَجَجتَ عن نَفسِكِ؟ \" قال: لا. قال: \"عن نَفسِكَ فلَبِّ\" (^٥).\n\n٨٧٥٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا علىٌّ، حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ وأبو عليٍّ الصَّفّارُ وابنُ مَخلَدٍ قالوا: حدثنا عباسٌ التَّرقُفِىُّ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ. نَحوَه (^٥).\n\n٨٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ أبي الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٩ من طريق إسحاق الأزرق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٧٣)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٧٤٩).\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٩.","vol":"9","page":236},{"text":"الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ يَعنِى ابنَ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ صُبَيحٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يُلَبِّى عن شُبرُمَةَ. قال: فدَعاه فقالَ له: \"هَل حَجَجتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فهَذِه عَنكَ، وحُجَّ عن شُبرُمَةَ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُسنَدًا (^٢). ورِوايَةُ مَن رَوَى حَديثَ عَطاءٍ مُرسَلًا أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ وخالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عن شُبرُمَةَ، فقالَ: ويلَكَ وما شُبرُمَةُ؟ فقالَ أحَدُهُما: قال: أخِى. وَقالَ الآخَرُ: فذَكَرَ قَرابَةً. فقالَ: أحَجَجتَ عن نَفسِكَ؟ قال: لا. قال: فاجعَلْ هذه عن نَفسِكَ، ثُمَّ احجُجْ عن شُبرُمَةَ (^٣). هَكَذا. رُوِىَ مَوقوفًا.\n\n٨٧٥٥ - وقَد رَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ عن سُفيانَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٨ من طريق عبد الوارث بن عبيد الله به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٧: لم يصحا. اهـ. يعني هذا والذي قبله.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٩. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧١٧: وعبد الله ضعيف.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٧٦)، والشافعي (١٠٠١ - شفاء العى).","vol":"9","page":237},{"text":"أبي قِلابَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا نَذَرَ أن يَحُجَّ ولَم يَكُنْ حجَّ حَجَّةَ الإسلامِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُجَّ حَجَّةَ الإسلامِ، ثُمَّ حُجَّ لِنَذرِكَ بَعدُ\". أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ. قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا مُعاويَةُ.\nوأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n٨٧٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ بَيانٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يُلَبِّى عن نُبَيشَةَ، فقالَ: \"أيُّها المُلَبِّى عن نُبَيشَةَ، هذه عن نُبَيشَةَ، واحجُجْ عن نَفسِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٨٧٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىٌّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ مِدرارٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى طاهِرُ بنُ مِدرارٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عن شُبرُمَةَ. فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن شُبرُمَةُ؟ \". قال: أخٌ لِى. قال: \"هَل حَجَجتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"حُجَّ عن نَفسِكَ، ثُمَّ احجُجْ عن شُبرُمَةَ\". قال علىٌّ: هَذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، والَّذِى قَبلَه وهْمٌ؛ يُقالُ: إنَّ الحَسَنَ بنَ عُمارَةَ كان يَرويه ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عنه\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٨.","vol":"9","page":238},{"text":"إلَى الصَّوابِ، فحَدَّثَ به على الصَّوابِ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ غَيرِه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وهو مَتروكُ الحديثِ على كُلِّ حالٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1947>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُحرِمُ بالحَجِّ تَطَوُّعًا ولَم يَكُنْ حَجَّ حَجَّةَ الإسلامِ، أو يُحرِمُ إحرامًا مُطلَقًا ويَقولُ: إحرامِى كإحرامِ فُلانٍ. وكانَ فُلانٌ مُهِلًّا بالحَجِّ فيَكونُ حاجًّا ويُجزِئُه عن حَجَّةِ الإسلامِ</span>\n\n٨٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: عَطاءٌ أخبرَنِى قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ في ناسٍ مَعِى قال: أهلَلْنا أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ خالِصًا لَيسَ مَعَه غَيرُه خالِصًا وحدَه. قال عَطاءٌ: قال جابِرٌ: وقَدِمَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ صبيحَةَ رابِعَةٍ مَضَت مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ قال: فلَمّا قَدِمنا أمَرَنا النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أحِلّوا وأَصيبوا النِّساءَ\". قال عَطاءٌ: فلَم يَعزِمْ عَلَيهِم أن يُصيبوا النِّساءَ ولَكِن أحَلَّهُنَّ لَهُم. قال: فبَلَغَه عَنّا أنّا نَقولُ: لَمّا لَم يَكُنْ بَينَنا وبَينَ عَرَفَةَ إلَّا خَمسًا أمَرَنا أن نَحِلَّ إلَى نِسائِنا ونأتِىَ عَرَفَةَ تَقطُرُ مَذاكيرُنا المَنِىَّ - قال: ويَقولُ جابِرٌ بيَدِه، كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى يَدِه يُحَرِّكُها - فقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"هَل عَلِمتُم أنِّى أتقاكُم للهِ وأَصدَقُكُم وأَبَرُّكُم؟ ولَولا الهَدىُ لَحَلَلتُ كما تَحِلّونَ، ولَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما أهدَيتُ\". قال: فأَحلَلْنا وسَمِعْنا وأَطَعْنا. قال جابِرٌ: فقدِمَ علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٨، ٢٦٩. وتقدم الحسن بن عمارة في (١٠٧٠).","vol":"9","page":239},{"text":"أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - مِن سِعايتِه (^١)، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بم أهلَلتَ يا علىُّ؟ \". قال: بما أهَلَّ به النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"فأَهدِ، ثُمَّ امكُث حَرامًا كما أنتَ\". قال: فأَهدَى له علىٌّ هَديًا. قال: فقالَ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكٍ: مُتعَتُنا هذه يا رسولَ الله لِعامِنا هَذا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل لِلأبَدِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي موسَى - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ الله - ﷺ - بَعَثَنِى إلَى اليَمَنِ. قال: فوافَقتُه في العامِ الَّذِى حَجَّ فيه، فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا موسَى، كَيفَ قُلتَ حينَ أحرَمتَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: إهلالٌ كإهلالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: \"هَل سُقتَ هَديًا؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فطُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ أحِلَّ\". فانطَلَقتُ فطُفتُ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ عَمَدتُ إلَى نِسوَةٍ مِن آلِ قَيسٍ - يَعنِى عَمّاتِه - فمَشَطنَ رأسِى بالغِسلِ (^٤)، فلَمَّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ في إمارَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قَدِمتُ حاجًّا، فبَينا أنا أُحَدِّثُ النّاسَ عِندَ البَيتِ بما أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَ (^٥) رَجُلٌ فقالَ: دونَكَ أيُّها الرَّجُلُ بحَديثِكَ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى ما أحدَثَ أميرُ\n_________\n(^١) السعاية: أن يُستسعى العبد لسيده، وكل من ولى شيئا على قوم فهو ساع عليهم وأكثر ما يقال ذلك في ولاة الصدقة. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٢٠. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٢١٤١٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٦٩٠). وسيأتي في (٩٠٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٥٧، ٢٥٠٦، ٤٣٥٢، ٧٣٦٧)، ومسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤١).\n(^٤) الغسل بالكسر ما يُغسل به من خطمى وغيره. النهاية ٣/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٥) في م: \"قدم\".","vol":"9","page":240},{"text":"المُؤمِنينَ في النُّسُكِ. فقُلتُ: يا أيُّها النَّاسُ، مَن سَمِعَ شَيئًا فلا يأخُذْ به حَتَّى يَقدَمَ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ، فبِه ائتَمّوا. فلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قُلتُ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أحَدَثَ في النُّسُكِ شَئٌ؟ فغَضِبَ عُمَرُ (^١) مِن ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قال: أجَل، لَئن نأخُذْ بكِتابِ اللهِ فقَد أمَرَ اللهُ بالتَّمامِ، وإِن نأخُذْ بسُنَّةِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - بَينَنا فإِنَّه لَم يَحِلَّ حتَّى بَلَغَ الهَدىُ مَحِلَّه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ طارِقَ بنَ شِهابٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي موسَى قال: قَدِمتُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهو مُنيخٌ بالبَطحاءِ فقالَ لِى: \"كَيفَ أهلَلتَ؟ \" قال: قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ بإِهلالٍ كإهلالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"أحسَنتَ، طُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ أحِلَّ\". وَذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ طاوُسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ مِنَ المَدينَةِ لا يُسَمِّى حَجًّا ولا عمرَةً يَنتَظِرُ القَضاءَ، فنَزَلَ عَلَيه القَضاءُ وهو بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فأَمَرَ مَن كان مِنهُم\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أمير المؤمنين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٢١/ ١٥٦) عن إسحاق بن منصور عن جعفر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٢١/ ١٥٦).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٥١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٧٤١) من طرق عن شعبة به. وسيأتي في (٨٩٤٠، ٩٠٨٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٥٦٥، ١٧٢٤، ١٧٩٥، ٤٣٩٧)، ومسلم (١٢٢١/ ١٥٤).","vol":"9","page":241},{"text":"أهَلَّ ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ أن يَجعَلَها عُمرَةً (^١).\nوأَكَّدَ الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀ هذه الرِّوايَةَ المُرسَلَةَ بأَحاديثَ مَوصولَةٍ رُويَت في إحرامِهِم، تَشهَدُ لِرِوايَةِ طاوُسٍ بالصِّحَّةِ، مِنها ما:\n\n٨٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَنصورُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مُحرِمينَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان مَعَه الهَدىُ فليُقِمْ على إحرامِه، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ فليَحلِلْ\". فلَم يَكُنْ مَعِى هَدىٌ فحَلَلتُ، وكانَ مَعَ الزُّبَيرِ هَدىٌ فلَم يَحلِلْ. قالَت: فلَبِستُ ثيابِى ثُمَّ خَرَجتُ فجَلَستُ إلَى الزُّبَيرِ، فقالَ: قومِى عَنِّى. فقُلتُ: أتَخشَى أن أثِبَ عَلَيكَ؟ (^٢) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٣).\nوذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِىُّ مَعَ هَذا حَديثَ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وعَمرَةَ عن عائشةَ، ثُمَّ فَرَّقَ بذَلِكَ بَينَ الإحرامِ بالحَجِّ أوِ العُمرَةِ وبَينَ الإحرامِ بالصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٨٨٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٦٥) عن روح به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٣) من طرق عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣٦/ ١٩١).\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ١٢٦، ١٢٧.","vol":"9","page":242},{"text":"٨٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال في رَجُلٍ لَم يَحُجَّ فحَجَّ يَنوِى النّافِلَةَ، أو حَجَّ عن رَجُلٍ، أو حَجَّ عن نَذرِه، قال: هذه حَجَّةُ الإسلامِ، ثُمَّ يَحُجُّ عن الرَّجُلِ بَعدُ إن شاءَ وعن نَذرِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1948>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَنذِرُ الحَجَّ وعَلَيه حَجَّةُ الإسلامِ</span>\n\n٨٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا القَدّاحُ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: إنِّي لَعِندَ عبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ إذ سُئلَ عن هذه، فقالَ: هذه حَجَّةُ الإسلامِ، فليَلتَمِسْ أن يَقضِىَ نَذرَه. يَعنِى مَن عَلَيه الحَجُّ ونَذَرَ حَجًّا (^٢).\n\n٨٧٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ امرأةً سألَتِ ابنَ عُمَرَ قالَت: إنِّي نَذَرتُ أن أحُجَّ فلَم أحُجَّ. فقالَ: ابدَئى بحَجَّةِ الإسلامِ. فقالَت: إنِّي فقيرَةٌ مِسكينَةٌ فادعُ اللهَ لِي. فدَعا اللهَ أن يُيَسِّرَ لَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٨٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٦٨، ١٤٦٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٧٢) من طريق زيد بن جبير به.","vol":"9","page":243},{"text":"٨٧٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ أو أبي سُلَيمانَ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ فيمَن نَذَرَ أن يَحُجَّ ولَم يَحُجَّ قَطُّ، قال: ليَبدأْ بالفَريضَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1949>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تَعجيلِ الحَجّ إذا قَدَرَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٨٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن مِهرانَ أبي صَفوانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أرادَ الحَجَّ فليَتَعَجَّلْ\" (^٢).\n\n٨٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ الكوفِىِّ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو الفُقَيمِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَجِّلوا الخُروجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ؛ فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم لا يَدرِى ما يَعرِضُ له مِن مَرَضٍ أو حاجَةٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٦٨، ١٤٦٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٧٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعنده: \"سمعت إنسانًا\". بدلًا من: \"سمعت أنسًا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٣)، وأبو داود (١٧٣٢) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٢٠: هذا التابعي مجهول. ورواه المحاربي عن الحسن الفقيمى فقال: عن صفوان الجمال سمع ابن عباس. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٦٧) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":244},{"text":"ورَواه أبو إسرائيلَ المُلائىُّ عن فُضَيلٍ كما:\n\n٨٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسرائيلَ المُلائىُّ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أرادَ الحَجَّ فليَتَعَجَّلْ؛ فإِنَّه قَد يَمرَضُ المَريضُ، وتَضِلُّ الضّالَّةُ، وتَعرِضُ الحاجَةُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٧٦٩ - وأخبرَنا القاضِى أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بتُسْتَرَ، حدثنا أبو الهَيثَمِ سَيّارُ بنُ الحَسَنِ التُّسْتَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن الفَضلِ، أو عن أحَدِهِما (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قال عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ عن أبي الوَليدِ بالشَّكِّ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ بنِ العُريانِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحِمّانِىُّ، حدثنا حُصينُ بنُ عُمَرَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود الطيالسي (١٠٢١) من طريق أبي إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨٣) من طريق أبي إسرائيل. وعندهما: أو أحدهما عن الآخر. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠١٥): هذا إسناد فيه مقال: إسماعيل بن خليفة أبو إسرائيل الملائي، قال فيه ابن عدي: عامة ما يرويه يخالف الثقات. وقال النسائي: ضعيف. وقال الجوزجانى: مفتر زائغ.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٢٨٧ (٧٣٧) عن الأسفاطي. وعنده: وأحدهما عن الآخر.","vol":"9","page":245},{"text":"يقولُ: حُجّوا قَبلَ ألَّا تَحُجّوا؛ فكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى حَبَشِىٍّ أصمَعَ أفدَعَ (^١) بيَدِه مِعوَلٌ يَهدِمُها حَجَرًا حَجَرًا، فقُلتُ له: شَئٌ برأيِكَ تَقولُ أو سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: لا والَّذِى فلَقَ الحَبَّةَ وبَرأ النَّسَمَةَ، ولَكِن سَمِعتُه مِن نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٨٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُخَرِّبُ الكَعبَةَ ذو السُّوَيقَتَينِ (^٣) مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٨٧٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنَحوِه (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الله، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٨٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ\n_________\n(^١) الأصمع: الصغير الأذن من الناس وغيرهم. والأفدع من الفَدَع: وهو زيغ بين المقدم وبين عظم الساق، وكذلك في اليد، وهو أن تزول المفاصل عن أماكنها، ورجل أفدع بيِّن الفدع. النهاية ٣/ ٥٣، ٤٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٨ من طريق يحيى الحمانى به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٢١: حصين واه.\n(^٣) السويقتان: تصغير الساقين. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٠٤)، وابن حبان (٦٧٥١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٨٠٩٤)، والبخاري (١٥٩٦)، ومسلم (٢٩٠٩/ ٥٨) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٨٠).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٥٩١)، ومسلم (٢٩٠٩/ ٥٧).","vol":"9","page":246},{"text":"ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى أسوَدَ أفْحَجَ (^١) يَقلَعُها حَجَرًا حَجَرًا\" (^٢). يَعنِى الكَعبَةَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ علىٍّ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عيسَى بنِ بَحيرٍ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبي محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُجّوا قَبلَ ألَّا تَحُجّوا\". قيلَ: فما شأنُ الحَجِّ؟ قال: \"يَقعُدُ أعرابُها على أذنابِ أوديَتِها (^٥)، فلا يَصِلُ إلَى الحَجِّ أحَدٌ\" (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1950>بابُ تأخيرِ الحَجِّ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: نَزَلَت فريضَةُ الحَجِّ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ، وافتَتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ في شَهرِ\n_________\n(^١) الفَحَج: تباعد ما بين الفخذين، وقيل: تباعد ما بين الرجلين. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٩٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"بجير\". بالجيم\n(^٥) أذناب الأودية: أسافلها. التاج ٢/ ٤٤١ (ذ ن ب).\n(^٦) الدارقطني ٢/ ٣٠١، ٣٠٢. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٢١: إسناده واه.","vol":"9","page":247},{"text":"رَمَضانَ، وانصَرَفَ عَنها في شَوّالٍ، واستَخلَفَ عَلَيها عَتّابَ بنَ أَسيدٍ، فأَقامَ الحَجَّ لِلمُسلِمينَ بأَمرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالمَدينَةِ قادِرٌ على أن يَحُجَّ وأَزواجُه وعامَّةُ أصحابِه، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن تَبوكَ، فبَعَثَ أبا بكرٍ فأَقامَ الحَجَّ لِلنّاسِ سنةَ تِسعٍ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالمَدينَةِ قادِرٌ على أن يَحُجَّ، لَم يَحُجَّ هو ولا أزواجُه ولا أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِه حَتَّى حَجَّ سنةَ عَشرٍ، فاستَدلَلنا على أنَّ الحَجَّ فرضُه (^١) مَرَّةٌ في العُمُرِ، أوَّلُه البُلوغُ وآخِرُه أن يأتِىَ به قَبلَ مَوتِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الَّذِى ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ مَوجودٌ في الأخبارِ والتَّواريخِ، أمّا ما ذَكَرَه مِن نُزولِ فريضَةِ الحَجِّ بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ فكما قال، واستَدَلَّ أصحابُنا بحَديثِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ على أنَّها نَزَلَت زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وهو ما:\n\n٨٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سَيفٌ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى أنَّ كَعبَ بنَ عُجرَةَ حَدَّثَه قال: وقَفَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحُدَيبيَةِ ورأسِى يَتَهافَتُ قَمْلًا، فقالَ: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فاحلِقْ رأسَكَ\" - أو قال: \"فاحلِقْ\" - قال: ففِىَّ نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ومعرفة السنن، والمهذب ٤/ ١٧٢١: \"فريضة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٨١)، وفى المعرفة (٢٦٨٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١٨.","vol":"9","page":248},{"text":"فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] إلَى آخِرِها، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو تَصَدَّقْ بفَرَقٍ بَينَ سِتَّةٍ، أوِ انْسُكْ بما تَيَسَّرَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٢).\nفثَبَتَ بهَذا نُزولُ قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِه زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ.\nوروّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وغَيرِه أنَّه قال في قَولِه: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾: أقيموا الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ للَّهِ ﷿. وعن عليٍّ - ﵁ -: تَمامُ الحَجِّ أن تُحرِمَ مِن دُوَيرَةِ أهلِكَ:\n\n٨٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ اللَّبّادُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن أبي مالكٍ وأَبِى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. وعن مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وعن ناسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: وأَمّا قَولُه: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ فيَقولُ: أقيموا الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٢) من طريق سيف به. وتقدم في (٧٧٩٢). وسيأتي في (٩١٦٤، ٩١٦٦، ٩٨٧٩، ٩٩٩١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨١٥)، ومسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٣٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٥٧) من طريق أسباط عن السدى من قوله.","vol":"9","page":249},{"text":"٨٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلِمَةَ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن تَمامِ الحَجِّ، فقالَ: تَمامُ الحَجِّ أن تُحرِمَ مِن دُوَيرَةِ أهلِكَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وزَمَنُ الحُدَيبيَةِ كان سنةَ سِتٍّ مِنَ الهِجرَةِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ.\n\n٨٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعُ بنُ أبى نُعَيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: كانَتِ الحُدَيبيَةُ سنةَ سِتٍّ بَعدَ مَقدَمِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وكانَتِ القَضيَّةُ (^٢) في ذِى القَعدَةِ سنةَ سَبعٍ، وكانَ الفَتحُ في رَمَضانَ سنةَ ثَمانٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِن فَوْرِه إلَى حُنَينٍ والطّائفِ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ في شَوّالٍ اعتَمَرَ مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ عَتّابُ بنُ أَسيدٍ فأَقامَ لِلنّاسِ الحَجَّ، استَعمَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على الحَجِّ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ أبو بكرٍ سنةَ تِسعٍ استَعمَلَه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - سنةَ عَشرٍ مِن مَقدَمِه المَدينَةَ وهِىَ حَجَّةُ الوَداعِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٢٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٥٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٦ من طريق شعبة به، وصححه على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٢) في س ٤: \"الوصية\". والقضية: هي عمرة القضاء. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٢/ ١٣٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٥٨، ٥٩ من طريق نافع بن أبي نعيم به.","vol":"9","page":250},{"text":"وفِي هَذا دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ أمرَ الفَتحِ واستِعمالَ عَتّابِ بنِ أَسيدٍ، ثُمَّ استِعمالَ أبى بكرٍ في سنةِ تِسعٍ، ثُمَّ حَجَّه سنةَ عَشرٍ، على ما قاله الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، وهو مَشهورٌ فيما بَينَ أهلِ المَغازِى، مَذكورٌ في الأحاديثِ المَوصولَةِ مُفَرَّقًا.\n\n٨٧٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: قُلتُ لأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: كَم مِن حَجَّةٍ حَجَّها النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: حَجَّةً واحِدَةً، واعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ؛ عُمرَتَه التي صَدَّه المُشرِكونَ عن البَيتِ، والعُمرَةَ الثّانيَةَ حينَ صالَحوه فرَجَعَ مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ حينَ قَسَمَ غَنيمَةَ حُنَينٍ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وحَجَّةً مَعَ عُمرَتِه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي الوَليدِ وقالَ: وعُمرَةً مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غَزا تِسعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزوَةً، وأَنَّه حَجَّ بَعدَما هاجَرَ حَجَّةً واحِدَةً، لَم يَحُجَّ بَعدَها حَجَّةً إلَّا حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ. قال أبو إسحاقَ: وبِمَكَّةَ أُخرَى (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٩٤) عن أبي الوليد به بنحوه. وأحمد (١٢٣٧٢)، ومسلم (١٢٥٣)، والترمذي (٨١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٧١) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (٨٨٠٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٩٨) من طريق زهير به. وتقدم الشطر الأول منه في (٦٤٧٩).","vol":"9","page":251},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^١).\n\n٨٧٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: حَجَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثلاثَ حِجَجٍ؛ حِجَّتَينِ وهو بمَكَّةَ قَبلَ الهِجرَةِ وحَجَّةَ الوَداعِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وحَجُّه قَبلَ الهِجرَةِ يَكونُ قَبلَ نُزولِ فرضِ الحَجِّ، فلا يُعتَدُّ به عن الفَرضِ المُنزَّلِ بَعدَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٤٠٤)، ومسلم (١٢٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٣، ٤٥٤.","vol":"9","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1951>جِماعُ أبوابِ وقتِ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1952>بابُ بَيانِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] قال: شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وعَشرٌ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^١).\nوروِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - (^٢)، وعن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عُمَرَ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n٨٧٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ في قَولِه: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ قال: شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وعَشرٌ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٨٨)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (١٦٤). والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٦، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٤٦ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وسعيد بن منصور في سننه (٣٣١ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٨٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٨٩٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٣٣٤ - تفسير).\n(^٤) سنن سعيد بن منصور (٣٢٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٩٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٤٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٨١٧) والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٦ من طريق شريك به","vol":"9","page":253},{"text":"٨٧٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ قال: شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وعَشرٌ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^١).\nوقَد ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن أبي سَعدٍ (^٣)، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: أشهُرُ الحَجِّ شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وعَشرٌ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^٤).\n\n٨٧٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن ورقاءَ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ﴾ قال: أهَلَّ (^٥).\n\n٨٧٨٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عثمانُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، قال\n_________\n(^١) تفسير سفيان ص ٦٢، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٤٤، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٦، ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٨٩٥٨).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"سعيد\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٥٣، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٨٢٠) من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"9","page":254},{"text":"عثمانُ: قال لِى أصحابُنا: هو عن أبي الأحوَصِ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ: فرضُ الحَجِّ الإحرامُ (^١).\n\n٨٧٨٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عثمانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن سعيدٍ أبى سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: فرضُ الحَجِّ الإحرامُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1953>بابٌ: لا يُهَلُّ بالحَجِّ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُسأَلُ: أيُهَلُّ بالحَجِّ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ؟ قال: لا (^٣).\n\n٨٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ وأبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ البَحيرِىُّ إملاءً قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يُحرَمُ بالحَجِّ إلَّا في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ؛ فإنَّ مِن سُنَّةِ الحَجِّ أن يُحْرَمَ بالحَجِّ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٧. وعنده: سعيد بن أبي سعد.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٥٤، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨٢١)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٤ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠٩)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (١٦٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٤٨ وصححه، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٦). وليس عند المصنف: أبو الحسين البحيرى.","vol":"9","page":255},{"text":"٨٧٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا دَعْلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن حَمزَةَ الزَّيّاتِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الرَّجُلِ يُحرِمُ بالحَجِّ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ قال: لَيسَ ذاكَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ (^١).\n\n٨٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن أبي القاسِمِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ مِن سُنَّةِ الحَجِّ ألَّا يُحرَمَ بالحَجِّ إلَّا في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ. قال علىٌّ: أبو القاسِمِ هو مِقسَمٌ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: إنَّما قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ لِئَلا يُفرَضَ الحَجُّ في غَيرِهِنَّ (^٣).\n\n٨٧٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٤ من طريق محمد بن عثمان بن أبي شيبة به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٣، ٢٣٤.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٤.","vol":"9","page":256},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: مَن أحرَمَ بالحَجِّ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ جَعَلَها عُمرَةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1954>بابُ مَنِ اعتَمَرَ في السَّنَةِ مِرارًا</span>\n\n٨٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سُمَىٌّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"العُمرَةُ إلَى العُمرَةِ كَفّاراتٌ لِما بَينَهُما، والحَجُّ المَبرورُ لَيسَ له جَزاءٌ إلَّا الجَنَّةُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن سُمَىٍّ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن سُمَىٍّ (^٤).\n\n٨٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عائشةَ أقبَلَت مُهِلَّةً بعُمرَةٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٦٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨٢٤) من طريق آخر عن عطاء بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٦) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وأحمد (٧٣٥٤)، والترمذي (٩٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٦٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٥) من طريق سمى به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤٧٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٤٩/. . .).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٧٣)، ومسلم (١٣٤٩/ ٤٣٧).","vol":"9","page":257},{"text":"حَتَّى إذا كانَت بسَرِفَ عَرَكَت (^١)، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - فوَجَدَها تَبكِى، فقالَ: \"ما يُبكيكِ؟ \". قالَت: حِضتُ ولَم أحلِلْ ولَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ والنّاسُ يَذهَبونَ إلَى الحَجِّ الآنَ. قال: \"فإِنَّ هَذا أمرٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فاغتَسِلِى ثُمَّ أهِلِّى بالحَجِّ\". ففَعَلَت ووَقَفَتِ المَواقِفَ، حَتَّى إذا طَهَرَت طافَت بالكَعبَةِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"قَد حَلَلتِ مِن حَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ جَميعًا\". فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي أجِدُ في نَفسِى أنِّى لَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ حَتَّى حَجَجتُ. قال: \"فاذهَبْ بها يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فأَعمِرْها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ\". وذَلِكَ لَيلَةَ الحَصْبَةِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكانَت عُمرَتُها في ذِى الحِجَّةِ، ثُمَّ سألَته أن يُعمِرَها فأَعمَرَها في ذِى الحِجَّةِ، وكانَت هذه عُمرَتانِ (^٤) في شَهرٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عركت: حاضت. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٧٢.\n(^٢) ليلة الحصبة: هي التي بعد أيام التشريق، وسميت بذلك لأنهم نفروا من منى فنزلوا في المحصب وباتوا به. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ١٤٤.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٣) عن الحاكم، وابن وهب (١٥٢)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٤٤)، وأبو داود (١٧٨٥)، والنسائي (٢٧٦٢) من طريق الليث به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٦).\n(^٤) في الأم، والمهذب ٤/ ١٧٢٤: \"عمرتين\".\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ١٣٥.","vol":"9","page":258},{"text":"الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ وغَيرُه، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت تَعتَمِرُ في آخِرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ مِنَ الجُحْفَةِ، وتَعتَمِرُ في رَجَبٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ وتُهِلُّ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ (^١).\n\n٨٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها اعتَمَرَت في سنةٍ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. قُلتُ: هَل عابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها أحَدٌ؟ قال: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ! قال سَعدانُ في رِوايَتِه: قال: فسَكَتُّ وانقَمَعتُ. وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ: قال سفيانُ: يقولُ: مَن يَعيبُ على أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ؟! (^٢)\n\n٨٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ قال: في كُلِّ شَهرٍ عُمرَةٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٤٦). وأخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٣٥ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به بنحوه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧١٨) عن ابن بشران. وأخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٣٥ عن سفيان به، وعنده: \"مرتين\". بدلًا من: \"ثلاث مرات\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٩٧)، وعنده ابن جريج. بدلًا من: ابن أبي نجيح. والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٥٩) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.","vol":"9","page":259},{"text":"٨٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسٌ هو ابنُ عياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: اعتَمَرَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أعوامًا في عَهدِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عُمرَتَينِ في كُلِّ عامٍ (^١).\n\n٨٨٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن بَعضِ ولَدِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ بمَكَّةَ، وكانَ إذا حَمَّمَ رأسُه (^٢) خَرَجَ فاعتَمَرَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1955>بابُ العُمرَةِ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ</span>\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وابنِ عباسٍ وغَيرِهِما أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤). قيل: مَعناه: دَخَلَت في وقتِ الحَجِّ وشُهورِه نقضًا لما كانَت قُرَيشٌ عَلَيه مِن تَركِ العُمرَةِ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ.\n\n٨٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٠١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٦٢) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"يعني: اسود\". وسواده بنبات الشعر فيه. النهاية ١/ ٤٤٤، ٤٤٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٩٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٦١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨٨٩٧) من حديث جابر، (٨٩٣٢) من حديث ابن عباس.","vol":"9","page":260},{"text":"مُطَرِّفٍ قال: قال عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ: إنِّي لأُحَدِّثُكَ الحديثَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يَنفَعُكَ به بَعدَ اليَومِ، واعلَمْ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد أعمَرَ طائفَةً مِن أهلِه في عَشرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ ولَم يَنزِلْ قُرآنٌ يَنسَخُه، رأى رَجُلٌ بَعدُ ما شاءَ أن يَرَى (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الجُرَيرِىِّ، وزادَ: ولَم يَنهَ عنه حَتَّى مَضَى لِوَجهِهِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، عن ابنِ أبي زائدَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: واللهِ ما أعمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عائشةَ في ذِى الحِجَّةِ إلَّا ليَقطَعَ بذَلِكَ أمرَ أهلِ الشِّركِ؛ فإِنَّ هَذا الحَىَّ مِن قُرَيشٍ ومَن دانَ دينَهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا عَفا الوَبَرْ (^٣)، وبَرأ الدَّبَرْ (^٤)، ودَخَلَ صَفَرْ، حَلَّتِ العُمرَةُ لِمَنِ اعتَمَرْ (^٥). فَكانوا يُحَرِّمونَ العُمرَةَ حَتَّى يَنسَلِخَ ذو الحِجَّةِ والمُحَرَّمُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٩٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٧٨) من طريق الجريرى به. وسيأتي في (٨٩١٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) عفا الوبر: يريد وبر الإبل التي حلقتها الرحال أي كثر، ويكون أيضًا بمعنى قل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٨.\n(^٤) الدبر بالتحريك: الجرح الذي يكون في ظهر البعير. النهاية ٢/ ٩٧.\n(^٥) قال النووي: وهذه الألفاظ تقرأ كلها ساكنة الآخر ويوقف عليها؛ لأن مرادهم السجع. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٢٢٥، ٢٢٦.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٩٨٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٦٥) من طريق ابن أبي زائدة به. وأحمد (٢٣٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٥٠).","vol":"9","page":261},{"text":"٨٨٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانوا يَرَونَ أنَّ العُمرَةَ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ مِن أفجَرِ الفُجورِ في الأرضِ؛ يَقولونَ: إذا بَرأ الدَّبَرْ، وعَفا الأثَرْ، وانسَلَخَ صَفَرْ، حَلَّتِ العُمرَةُ لِمَنِ اعتَمَرْ. وكانوا يُسَمّونَ المُحَرَّمَ صَفَرًا، فقَدِمَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه لِصُبحِ رابِعَةٍ (^١) مُهِلّينَ بالحَجِّ، فأَمَرَهُمُ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - أن يَجعَلوها عُمرَةً، فتَعاظَمَ ذَلِكَ عِندَهُم فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أىُّ الحِلِّ؟ قال: \"الحِلُّ كُلُّه\". يَعنِى يَحِلّونَ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٣)، وبيِّنٌ في حَديثِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّه إنَّما أمَرَ بذَلِكَ مَن لَم يَكُنْ ساقَ الهَدىَ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى.\n\n٨٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن مُرَقِّعٍ الأُسَيْدىِّ (^٤)، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: لَم يَكُنْ\n_________\n(^١) أي: صبح رابعة من ذى الحجة. حاشية السندى على صحيح البخاري ٢/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٤)، والنسائي (٢٨١٢) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٦٤)، ومسلم (١٢٤٠/ ١٩٨).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"الأسدى\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"الأسيدى\". وفوقها: \"صح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٣٧٨.","vol":"9","page":262},{"text":"لأحَدٍ أن يَفسَخَ حَجَّه إلَى عُمرَةٍ إلَّا لِلرَّكْبِ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً (^١).\n\n٨٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ التَّميمِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ التُّركُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ؛ فمِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بحَجَّةٍ وعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ، وأَهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، وأَمّا مَن أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ فحَلَّ، وأَمّا مَن أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ أو جَمَعَ بَينَ الحَجَّةِ والعُمرَةِ، فلَم يَحِلّوا حَتَّى كان يَومُ النَّحرِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن العُمرَةِ قَبلَ الحَجِّ فقالَ: لا بأسَ على أحَدٍ أن يَعتَمِرَ قَبلَ الحَجِّ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٨). وأخرجه الحميدي (١٣٢، ١٣٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٩٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتي في (٩٠٧٨).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٦)، وأبو داود (١٧٧٩)، والنسائي (٢٧١٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٨)، والبخاري (١٥٦٢).","vol":"9","page":263},{"text":"قال: وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: اعتَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - قَبلَ الحَجِّ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ وأَبِى عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: لَأن أعتَمِرَ قَبلَ الحَجِّ وأُهدِىَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أعتَمِرَ بَعدَ الحَجِّ في ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، أخبرَنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، أنَّ أنَسًا أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّهُنَّ في ذِى القَعدَةِ إلَّا التي مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ؛ عُمرَةً مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ أو زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ حَيثُ قَسَمَ غَنائمَ حُنَينٍ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٦٩)، وأبو داود (١٩٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٧٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٣٨)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٤، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٩٠) من طريق صدقة به بنحوه.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٤، ٤٥٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٩٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧٦٤) من طريق هدبة به. وتقدم في (٨٧٧٩)، وسيأتي في (٨٨٦٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٨٠)، ومسلم (١٢٥٣/ ٢١٧).","vol":"9","page":264},{"text":"٨٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثلاثَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّها في ذِى القَعدَةِ (^١).\n\n٨٨١١ - أَخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ ثلاثَ عُمَرٍ؛ عمرَةً في شَوّالٍ، وعُمرَتَينِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّةِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: حَلَّتِ العُمرَةُ في السَّنَةِ كُلِّها إلَّا في أربَعَةِ أيّامٍ؛ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ، ويَومُ النَّحرِ، ويَومانِ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ، وهو مَحمولٌ عِندَنا على مَن كان مُشتَغِلًا بالحَجِّ فلا يُدخِلُ العُمرَةَ عَلَيه، ولا يَعتَمِرُ حَتَّى يُكمِلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٦، وحديث أبى العباس الأصم (٤٩٢). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٢٦: هذا منكر.\n(^٢) فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى (٧٠). وسيأتي في (٨٩٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير - كما في الاستذكار لابن عبد البر ١١/ ٢٥٢ - من طريق معاذة به.","vol":"9","page":265},{"text":"عَمَلَ الحَجِّ كُلَّه؛ فقَد أمَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ وهَبّارَ بنَ الأسوَدِ حينَ فاتَ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما الحَجُّ بأَن يَتَحَلَّلَ بعَمَلِ عُمرَةٍ (^١). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأَعظَمُ الأيّامِ حُرمَةً أولاها أن يُنسَكَ فيها للَّهِ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1956>بابُ العُمرَةِ في رَمَضانَ</span>\n\n٨٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يُخبِرُنا قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ قَد سَمّاها ابنُ عباسٍ ونَسِيتُ اسمَها: \"ما مَنَعَكِ أن تَحُجِّى (^٣) معنا العامَ؟ \". قالَت: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، إنَّه كان لَنا ناضِحانِ، فرَكِبَ أبو فُلانٍ وابنُه - لِزَوجِها وابنِها - ناضِحًا، وتَرَكَ ناضِحًا نَنتَضِحُ عَلَيهِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِذا كان رَمَضانُ فاعتَمِرِى؛ فإِنَّ عُمرَةً في رَمَضانَ تَعدِلُ حَجَّةً\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٥).\n\n٨٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩٩٠٩، ٩٩١٠).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٣٤.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"تحجين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٥) عن يحيى به. والنسائي (٢١٠٩)، وابن حبان (٣٧٠٠) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٩٤) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٨٢)، ومسلم (١٢٥٦/ ٢٢١).","vol":"9","page":266},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أُمِّ مَعقِلٍ الأسَديَّةِ قال: قالَت أُمِّى: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ وجَمَلِى أعجَفُ، فما تأمُرُنِى؟ فقالَ: \"اعتَمِرِى في رَمَضانَ؛ فإِنَّ عُمرَةً في رَمَضانَ كَحَجَّةٍ\" (^١).\n\n٨٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ قالا: حدثنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصِّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأودِىُّ، عن عامِرٍ، عن هَرِمِ بنِ خَنبَشٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فأَتَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ في أىِّ الشُّهورِ أعتَمِرُ؟ قال: \"اعتَمِرِى (^٢) في رَمَضانَ؛ فإِنَّ عُمرَةً في رَمَضانَ تَعدِلُ حَجًّةً\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن داودَ الأودِىِّ (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ الخالِقِ: وهبُ بنُ خَنبَشٍ. ورِوايَةُ بَيانٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن وهبِ بنِ خَنبَشٍ (^٥). قال البخاريُّ: وهبٌ أصحُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) حديث أبى العباس الأصم (٤٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٢٦) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) معرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم ص ١٥٧، ١٥٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٠٠) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٩٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة ووكيع بن الجراح عن داود بن يزيد به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٤٩). هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف داود بن يزيد بن عبد الرحمن الزعافرى. عزاه المزى للنسائي ولم أره في رواية ابن السنى.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٩١) من طريق بيان به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٤٨): هذا إسناد صحيح، رواه النسائي في الكبرى. . . وله شاهد من حديث جابر وابن عباس رواه البخاري وغيره.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٥٨، \"باب وهب\".","vol":"9","page":267},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1957>بابُ إدخالِ الحَجِّ على العُمرَةِ</span>\n\n٨٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فأَهلَلنا بعُمرَةٍ، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ ثُمَّ لا يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\". قالَت: فقَدِمتُ مَكَّةَ وأَنا حائضٌ ولَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ ولا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فشَكَوتُ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"انقُضِى رأسَكِ وامتَشِطِى وأَهِلِّى بالحَجِّ ودَعِى العُمرَةَ\". قالَت: ففَعَلتُ، فلَمّا قَضَينا الحَجَّ أرسَلَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ إلَى التَّنعيمِ فاعتَمَرتُ، فقالَ: \"هذه مَكانَ عُمرَتِكِ\". قالَت: فطافُوا (^١) الَّذينَ كانوا أهَلّوا بالعُمرَةِ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ حَلُّوا، ثُمَّ طافوا طَوافًا آخَرَ بَعدَ أن رَجَعوا مِن مِنًى بحَجِّهِم، وأَمّا الَّذينَ كانوا جَمَعوا بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ فإِنَّما طافوا طَوافًا واحِدًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣). وكَذا قالَه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ مَعَ عُمرَتِه ثُمَّ لا يَحِلَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م، ص ٤: \"فطاف\".\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٤١١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤١)، وأبو داود (١٨٩٦) مختصرًا. والنسائي (٢٧٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٤، ٢٧٨٨، ٢٧٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٩١٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٨١) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم في (٨٧٨)، وسيأتي في (٨٨٤٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٥٦)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١١).","vol":"9","page":268},{"text":"حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\" (^١). ورَواه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: \"مَن أحرَمَ بعُمرَةٍ ولَم يُهدِ فليَحلِلْ\" (^٢). وبِمَعناه روَتْه (^٣) عَمْرَةُ عن عائشةَ، وصَدَّقَها في ذَلِكَ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٤)، وعَلَى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ تَدُلُّ رِوايَةُ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - (^٥).\nوقَولُه: \"أهِلِّى بالحَجِّ ودَعِى العُمرَةَ\". يُريدُ به: أمسِكِى عن أوفعالِها وأَدخِلِى عَلَيها الحَجَّ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في رِوايَةِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في قِصَّةِ عائشةَ:\n\n٨٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهَرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: أقبَلنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُهِلّينَ بالحَجِّ مُفرَدًا، وأَقبَلَت عائشَةُ مُهِلَّةً (^٦) بعُمرَةٍ، حَتَّى إذا كانَت بسَرِفَ عَرَكَت، حَتَّى إذا قَدِمنا طُفنا بالكَعبَةِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فأَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَحِلَّ مِنّا مَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ، قال: فقُلنا: حِلُّ ماذا؟ قال: \"الحِلُّ كُلُّه\".\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٨٨٤٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٨٩٤٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"رواية\".\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨٨٩١).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (٨٨٥٥، ٨٨٥٦).\n(^٦) في س: \"فأهلت\".","vol":"9","page":269},{"text":"فواقَعنا النِّساءَ وتَطيَّبنا (^١) بالطّيبِ ولَبِسنا ثيابَنا ولَيسَ بَينَنا وبَينَ عَرَفَةَ إلَّا أربَعُ لَيالٍ، ثُمَّ أهلَلنا يَومَ التَّرويَةِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على عائشةَ فوَجَدَها تَبكِى فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكِ؟ \". قالَت: شأنِى أنِّى حِضتُ وقَد حَلَّ النّاسُ ولَم أحلِلْ ولَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ، والنّاسُ يَذهَبونَ إلَى الحَجِّ الآنَ. قال: \"فإِنَّ هَذا أمرٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فاغتَسِلِى ثُمَّ أهِلِّى بالحَجِّ\". ففَعَلَت ووَقَفَتِ المَواقِفَ، حَتَّى إذا طَهَرَت طافَت بالكَعبَةِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"قَد حَلَلتِ مِن حَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ جَميعًا\". قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي أجِدُ في نَفسِى أنِّى لَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ حَتَّى حَجَجتُ. قال: \"فاذهَبْ بها يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فأَعمِرْها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ\". وذَلِكَ لَيلَةَ الحَصْبَةِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٨٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ خَرَجَ في الفِتنَةِ مُعتَمِرًا وقالَ: إن صُدِدتُ عن البَيتِ صَنَعنا كما صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فخَرَجَ فأَهَلَّ بالعُمرَةِ، وسارَ حَتَّى إذا ظَهَرَ على ظاهِرِ البَيداءِ التَفَتَ إلَى أصحابِه فقالَ: ما أمرُهُما إلَّا واحِدٌ، أُشهِدُكُم أنِّى قَد أوجَبتُ الحَجِّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ. فخَرَجَ حَتَّى جاءَ البَيتَ فطافَ به\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"فطيبنا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٣) عن الحاكم. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٨٥)، والنسائي (٢٧٦٢) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم في (٨٧٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٦).","vol":"9","page":270},{"text":"وطافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعًا لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيه، ورأى أنَّ ذَلِكَ مُجزئٌ عنه وأَهدَى (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢)، ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وغَيرُه عن نافِعِ، وزادوا فيه أنَّه لَم يَحِلَّ مِنهُما حَتَّى أحَلَّ مِنهُما بحَجَّةٍ يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٣).\nوقَولُه: لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيه. أرادَ: لَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ إلَّا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً\nولَو أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يُدخِلَ عَلَيه عُمرَةً، فقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أكثَرُ مَن لَقِيتُ وحَفِظتُ عنه يقولُ: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ لَه، وقَد يُروَى (^٤) عن بَعضِ التّابِعينَ، ولا أدرِى هَل يَثبُتُ عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فيه شَئٌ أم لا، فإِنَّه قَد روِىَ عن عليٍّ ولَيسَ يَثبُتُ (^٥).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ ما:\n\n٨٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حِيدٍ (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٣٠)، ومالك برواية محمد بن الحسن (٣٩٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٢٢٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٧٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٤٣) من طريق نافع به. وسيأتي في (١٠١٦٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨١٣)، ومسلم (١٢٣٠/ ١٨٠).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٩٤٩٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"روى\".\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ١٤٣.\n(^٦) في س: \"حميد\". وهو محمد بن على بن محمد بن على بن حِيد أبو بكر الجوهري الصيرفى، العدل الرئيس الغازى، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ عدل ثقة. وقال الذهبي: أحد الكبراء، وإليه ينسب قصر حيد. . . وله جزء مشهور عن الأصم. توفى سنة (٤١٩ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٦)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٨٨.","vol":"9","page":271},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ حَيّانَ المَدائنىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبي نَصرٍ قال: أهلَلتُ بالحَجِّ فأَدرَكتُ عَليَّا فقُلتُ: إنِّي أهلَلتُ بالحَجِّ فأَستَطيعُ أن أضُمَّ إلَيه عُمرَةً؟ قال: لا، لَو كُنتَ أهلَلتَ بالعُمرَةِ، ثُمَّ أرَدتَ أن تَضُمَّ إلَيها الحَجَّ ضَمَمتَه، وإِذا بَدأتَ بالحَجِّ فلا تَضُمَّ إلَيه عُمرَةً. قال: فما أصنَعُ إذا أرَدتُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: صُبَّ عَلَيكَ إداوَةً مِن ماءٍ، ثُمَّ تُحرِمُ بهِما جَميعًا، فتَطوفُ لَهُما طَوافَينِ (^١). كَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن مَنصورٍ، وأبو نَصرٍ هَذا غَيرُ مَعروفٍ.\n\n٨٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، سَمِعَ مالكَ بنَ الحارِثِ، عن أبي نَصرٍ السُّلَمِىِّ، أنَّه لَقِىَ عَليًّا وقَد أهَلَّ علىٌّ - ﵁ - بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ، فأَهَلَّ هو بالحَجِّ، قال: فقُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ: أُهِلُّ بهِما جَميعًا؟ فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: إنَّما ذَلِكَ لَو كُنتَ حينَ ابتَدأتَ دَعَوتَ بإِداوَتِكَ فاغتَسَلتَ، ثُمَّ أهلَلتَ بهِما جَميعًا، ثُمَّ طُفتَ طَوافَينِ، طَوافًا لحَجِّكَ وطَوافًا لعُمرَتِكَ، ثُمَّ لَم يَحِلَّ مِنكَ شَئٌ إلَى يَومِ النَّحرِ (^٢).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ - أو مالكٌ حَدَّثَنيه - وقالَ: لا، ذاكَ لَو كُنتَ بَدأتَ بالعُمرَةِ. قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: فإِذا قَرَنتَ فافعَلْ كَذا. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه. وكانَ مَنصورٌ يَشُكُّ في سَماعِه مِن مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه محمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ٢/ ٢٥، ٢٦ عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٠٥ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"9","page":272},{"text":"نَفسِه أو مِن إبراهيمَ عَنه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1958>بابُ مَن قال: العُمرَةُ تَطَوُّعٌ</span>\n\n٨٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: قالَه سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، واحتَجَّ بأَنَّ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىَّ أخبَرَه عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ عن أبي صالِحٍ الحَنَفِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الحَجُّ جِهادٌ، والعُمرَةُ تَطَوُّعٌ\". قال الشّافِعِىُّ في الكِتابِ: فقُلتُ له، يَعنى بَعضَ المَشرِقيّينَ: أتُثبِتُ مِثلَ هَذا عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: هو مُنقَطِعٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِىَ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَوصولًا، والطَّريقُ فيه إلَى شُعبَةَ طَريقٌ ضَعيفٌ، ورَواه محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ عن ابنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣). ومُحَمَّدٌ هَذا مَتروكٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩٥٠١).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٠٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٠٢ من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨١١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٤٠ من طريق معاوية بن أبى إسحاق.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٢٥٢) من طريق محمد بن الفضل بن عطية به.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن الفضل بن عطية. تنظر ترجمته في: طبقات ابن سعد ٧/ ٣٧٨، والتاريخ الكبير للبخاري ١/ ٢٠٨، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٥٦، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٧٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٨٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٠٠: كذبوه.","vol":"9","page":273},{"text":"٨٨٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ الأنصارِىُّ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ العُمرَةُ واجِبَةٌ وفَريضَتُها كَفَريضَةِ الحَجِّ؟ قال: \"لا، وأَن تَعتَمِرَ خَيرٌ لَكَ\". كَذا قال: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ. وهو عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُغيرَةِ. تَفَرَّدَ به عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ. ذَكَرَه يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ البَرْقِىُّ وغَيرُهُما عن ابنِ عُفَيرٍ عن يَحيَى عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^١)، ورَواه الباغَندِىُّ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ عن ابنِ عُفَيرٍ قال: عن يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ. وهَذا وهمٌ مِنَ الباغَندِىِّ، وقَد رَواه ابنُ أبي داودَ عن جَعفَرٍ كما رَواه النّاسُ (^٢)، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ هَذا المَتْنُ بالحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n٨٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: أواجِبَةٌ العُمرَةُ؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٠٢ - وعنه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٦ - عن يعقوب بن سفيان والبرقى به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٦٥٧٢) عن البرقى به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٠: يحيى صاحب مناكير، وإن كان من رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصاحف لابن أبي داود ص ١٠٢، وعنه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٦.","vol":"9","page":274},{"text":"قال: \"لا، وأَن تَعتَمِرَ خَيرٌ لَكَ\" (^١). كَذا رَواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ مَرفوعًا.\n\n٨٨٢٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - أنَّه سُئلَ عن العُمرَةِ: أواجِبَةٌ فريضَةٌ كَفَريضَةِ الحَجِّ؟ قال: لا، وأَن تَعتَمِرَ خَيرٌ لَكَ (^٢). هَذا هو المَحفوظُ عن جابِرٍ مَوقوفٌ غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ، روِىَ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ (^٣)، وكِلاهُما ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٨٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَونٍ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. يقولُ: هِىَ واجِبَةٌ. قال: وكانَ الشَّعبِىُّ يَقرَؤُها: (وأتِمُّوا الحَجَّ والعُمْرَةُ لِلَّهِ) ويَقولُ: هِىَ تَطَوُّعٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) معرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم ص ١٢٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٩٧)، والترمذي (٩٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٦٨) من طريق الحجاج به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. كذا قال، لكن قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٠: حجاج بن أرطاة ليس بحجة.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٥ عن يحيى بن أيوب.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٨٨٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٨ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨١٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٣٢ من طريق ابن عوف به. وليس عندهم قراءة ابن عون. وقال ابن جرير قبله: وكان الشعبي يقرأ ذلك رفعًا. اهـ. وقراءة الشعبي شاذة، قال أبو حيان في البحر المحيط ٢/ ٨٠: وينبغى أن يحمل هذا كله =","vol":"9","page":275},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1959>بابُ مَن قال بوُجوبِ العُمرَةِ استِدلالًا بقَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾</span>\n\n٨٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنَّ قَومًا يَزعُمونَ أن لَيسَ قَدَرٌ! قالَ: فهَل عِندَنا مِنهُم أحَدٌ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: فأَبلِغْهُم عَنِّى إذا لَقِيتَهُم أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ بَرِئٌ إلَى اللَّهِ مِنكُم وأَنتُم بُرَآءُ مِنه؛ سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: بَينَما نَحنُ جُلوسٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَيه سَحْناءُ (^١) سَفَرٍ ولَيسَ مِن أهلِ البَلَدِ يَتَخَطَّى حَتَّى وَرَكَ بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كما يَجلِسُ أحَدُنا في الصَّلاةِ، ثُمَّ وضَعَ يَدَه على رُكبَتَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا محمدُ ما الإسلامُ؟ قال: \"أن تَشهَدَ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، وأَن تُقيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتِىَ الزَّكاةَ، وتَحُجَّ البَيتَ، وتَعتَمِرَ، وتَغتَسِلَ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ، وتُتِمَّ الوُضوءَ، وتَصومَ رَمَضانَ\". قال: فإِن قُلتُ هَذا فأَنا مُسلِمٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: صَدَقتَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ\n_________\n= على التفسير؛ لأنه مخالف لسواد المصحف الذي أجمع عليه المسلمون.\n(^١) السَّحناء: الهيئة. عمدة القارى ١/ ٤٤١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠، وحديث أبى جعفر ابن البخترى (٧٢٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١) - وعنه ابن حبان (١٧٣) - من طريق معتمر به. وتقدم في (٨٦٨٤)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٩١٠).","vol":"9","page":276},{"text":"عن يونُسَ بنِ محمدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه (^١).\n\n٨٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بمَعناه قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ - قال حَفصٌ في حَديثِه: رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عامِرٍ - أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبى شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَستَطيعُ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ ولا الظَّعْنَ. قال: \"احجُجْ عن أبيكَ واعتَمِرْ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: سأَلتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ عن هَذا الحديثِ - يَعنِى حَديثَ أبى رَزينٍ هَذا - فقالَ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: لا أعلَمُ في إيجابِ العُمرَةِ حَديثًا أجوَدَ مِن هَذا ولا أصَحَّ مِنه، ولَم يُجوِّدْه أحَدٌ كما جَوَّدَه شُعبَةُ.\n\n٨٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ فهدٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ حِطّانَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَل على النَّساءِ جِهادٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم جِهادٌ لا قِتالَ فيهِ؛ الحَجُّ والعُمرَةُ جِهادُهُنَّ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ مِهرانَ بمَعناه.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨/ ٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨١٠). وتقدم في (٨٧٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٦٣) من طريق حميد به، ولفظه: \"الحج والعمرة هو جهاد النساء\".","vol":"9","page":277},{"text":"٨٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"جِهادُ الكَبيرِ والضَّعيفِ والمَرأَةِ الحَجُّ والعُمرَةُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٨٣٠ - ورَوَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الحَجُّ والعُمرَةُ فريضَتانِ واجِبَتانِ\". حَدَّثَناه أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الضَّريرُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وابنُ لَهيعَةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٣).\nوفِي حَديثِ الصُّبَىِّ بنِ مَعبَدٍ أنَّه قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵄ -: إنِّي وجَدتُ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ مَكتوبَينِ علىَّ وإِنِّى أهلَلتُ بهِما: فقالَ: هُديتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ -. وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ في بابِ القارِنِ يُهَريقُ دَمًا (^٤).\n\n٨٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٦٢٥) من طريق الليث به بزيادة لفظ: \"والصغير\". وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٦٨ من طريق قتيبة به.\n(^٣) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٢٨).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨٨٥٣).","vol":"9","page":278},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: الحَجُّ والعُمرَةُ فريضَتانِ (^١).\n\n٨٨٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى وعَبدُ المَجيدِ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: لَيسَ مِن خَلقِ اللَّهِ أحَدٌ إلَّا عَلَيه حَجَّةٌ وعُمرَةٌ واجِبَتانِ. مَنِ استَطاعَ إلَى ذَلِكَ سبيلًا، فمَن زادَ بَعدَها شَيئًا فهو خَيرٌ وتَطَوُّعٌ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأُخبِرتُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: العُمرَةُ واجِبَةٌ كَوُجوبِ الحَجِّ مَنِ استَطاعَ إلَيه سَبيلًا (^٢).\n\n٨٨٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حَدَّثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأُخبِرتُ عن عِكرِمَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن أبي عروبة في المناسك - كما في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١١٧ - من طريق أيوب به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٣٨١٩) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧١. وفيه: إبراهيم بن موسى ثنا هشام بن يوسف وعبد المجيد. وقال: إسناد صحيح. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨١٩) من طريق ابن جريج مقتصرًا على قول ابن عمر.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٢٦.","vol":"9","page":279},{"text":"أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٨٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّيبُلىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: واللَّهِ إنَّها لَقَرينَتُها في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾. رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ يَعنِى ابنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِى التَّيمِىَّ، عن حَيّانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أبى العَلاءِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الرَّجُلِ الصَّرورَةِ يَبدأُ بالعُمرَةِ قَبلَ الحَجِّ، فقالَ: نُسُكانِ للهِ لا يَضُرُّكَ بأَيِّهِما بَدأتَ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٣٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ المَقابِرِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المُهَلَّبِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ سُئلَ: العُمرَةُ قَبلَ الحَجِّ؟ قال: صَلاتانِ لا يَضُرُّكَ بأَيِّهِما بَدأتَ (^٤). وقَد رَواه\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٣٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨٣٠) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨٢٤)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٥ من طريق ابن سيرين به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة بلفظ: \"نسكان لله عليك\".","vol":"9","page":280},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ مَرفوعًا (^١)، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٨٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن ثُوَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: (وأَقيموا الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ إلَى البَيتِ). ثُمَّ يقولُ: واللَّهِ لَولا التَّحَرُّجُ أنِّى لَم أسمَعْ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها شَيئًا لَقُلتُ: العُمرَةُ واجِبَةٌ مِثلُ الحَجِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ العَلاءِ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: أُمِرتُم بإِقامَةِ أربَعٍ؛ أقيموا الصَّلاةَ، وآتوا الزَّكاةَ، (وأَقيموا الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ إلَى البَيتِ)، والحَجُّ الحَجُّ الأكبَرُ، والعُمرَةُ الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن داودَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: العُمرَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٤، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧١ من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به. وقال: والصحيح عن زيد بن ثابت.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٣٤، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ٥٥، ٥٦ من طريق إسرائيل به. وقراءة ابن مسعود قراءة شاذة. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٢: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٢٩٨) من طريق أبى بكر ابن نافع به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٠٥: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"9","page":281},{"text":"واجِبَةٌ كَوُجوبِ الحَجِّ، وهو الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ (^١).\n\n٨٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَرْوانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الحَجُّ الأكبَرُ يَومُ النَّحرِ، والحَجُّ الأصغَرُ العُمرَةُ (^٢). وقَد رُوِىَ في هَذا عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٨٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قالا: حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسُّنَنُ والدّياتُ، فبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ وفيه: \"إنَّ العُمرَةَ الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ حَمدانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨٢٣)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٦٢) من طريق عكرمة به، وعندهما بلفظ: العمرة الحجة الصغرى. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٢: رواته ضعفاء.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"9","page":282},{"text":"سُراقَةَ بنِ مالكِ بنِ جُعْشُمٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قائمًا في الوادِى يَخطُبُ وهو يقولُ: \"دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٧٧) من طريق مسعر به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٢: طاوس لم يلحق سراقة.","vol":"9","page":283},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1960>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما يُجزِئُّ (^١) مِنَ العُمرَةِ إذا جُمِعَت إلَى غَيرِها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1961>بابُ جَوازِ القِرانِ، وهو الجَمعُ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ بإِحرامٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n٨٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: شَهِدتُ عثمانَ وعَليًّا - ﵄ - بَينَ مَكَّةَ (^٢)، وعُثمانُ - ﵁ - يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ وأَن يُجمَعَ بَينَهُما، فلَمّا رأَى ذَلِكَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - أهَلَّ بهِما جَميعًا فقالَ: لَبَّيكَ بعُمرَةٍ وحَجَّةٍ مَعًا. فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: تَرانِى أنهَى النّاسَ عن شَئٍ وأَنتَ تَفعَلُه؟! فقالَ: ما كُنتُ لأدَعَ سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِقَولِ أحَدٍ مِنَ النّاسِ (^٣). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن الصُّبَىِّ بنِ مَعبَدٍ قال: كُنتُ رَجُلًا حَديثَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يجب\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وبعده في مصادر التخريج والمهذب ٤/ ١٧٣٣: \"والمدينة\". وكذا سيأتي في (٨٩٤٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٢٢، ٢٧٢٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٦٣).","vol":"9","page":284},{"text":"عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّةٍ ونَصرانيَّةٍ فأَسلَمتُ، فاجتَهَدتُ فأَهلَلتُ بالحَجَّةِ والعُمرَةِ فخَرَجتُ أُهِلُّ بهِما، فمَرَرتُ على زَيدِ بنِ صُوحانَ وسَلمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بالعُذَيبِ (^١) وأَنا أُهِلُّ بهِما، فَقالَ أحَدُهُما: لَهَذا أضَلُّ مِن بَعيرِ أهلِهِ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: أبِهِما جَميعًا؟ فخَرَجتُ كأَنَّما أحمِلُهُما على ظَهرِى حَتَّى قَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فذَكَرتُ له الَّذِى قالا، فقالَ: إنَّهُما لا يَقولانِ شَيئًا، هُديتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ - (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1962>بابُ القارِنِ يُهَريقُ دَمًا</span>\n\n٨٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فأَهلَلنا بعُمرَةٍ، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فليُهلِلْ بالحَجِّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ، ولا يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\" (^٣). وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) العذيب: تصغير العذب، ماء عن يمين القادسية لبنى تميم بينه وبين القادسية أربعة أميال. مراصد الاطلاع ٢/ ٩٢٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٧٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٥٤) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائي (٢٧٢٠) من طريق أبى وائل به. وسيأتي في (٨٨٥٣، ٨٩٢٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٥٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (١٦٣٨) عن عبد اللَّه بن يوسف به. وتقدم في (٨٨١٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٥٦)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١١).","vol":"9","page":285},{"text":"٨٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالوا: حدثنا، عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فأَهلَلتُ بعُمرَةٍ ولَم أكُنْ سُقْتُ الهَدىَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ مَعَ عُمرَتِه، ثُمَّ لا يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\". قالَت: فحِضتُ؛ فلَمّا دَخَلَت لَيلَةُ عَرَفَةَ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ أهلَلتُ بعُمرَةٍ فكَيفَ أصنَعُ بحَجَّتِى؟ فقالَ: \"انقُضِى رأسَكِ وامتَشِطِى (^١) وأَمسِكِى عن العُمرَةِ وأَهِلِّى بالحَجِّ\". فلَمّا قَضَيتُ حَجَّتِى أمَرَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ فأَعمَرَنِى مِنَ التَّنعيمِ مَكانَ عُمرَتِى التي أمسَكتُ عَنها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\nوفيه دَليلٌ على أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - إنَّما أمَرَ أن يُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ، وإِنَّما أمَرَ عائشةَ بذَلِكَ وإِن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَها هَدىٌ خَوفًا مِن فواتِ حَجَّتِها، ثُمَّ إنَّه - ﷺ - ذَبَحَ عن أزواجِه البَقَرَ، وَحَديثُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ يَقطَعُ بكَونِها قارِنَةً، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وامشطى\".\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٥٣٠٧)، وإسحاق (٦٨٣)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٩٢٧). وتقدم في (٨٧٨، ٨٨١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٨١٧).","vol":"9","page":286},{"text":"٨٨٤٧ - حَدَّثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ضَحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن نِسائِه بالبَقَرِ (^١). أَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\nوقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحديث: ذَبَحَ. وقالَ عبدُ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ في هَذا الحديثِ: أهدَى عن نِسائِه البَقَرَ (^٣). وقالَت عمرَةُ عن عائشةَ: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن أزواجِه البَقَرَ.\n\n٨٨٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِىُّ، أخبرَنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: بَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَحَرَ عن آلِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بَقَرَةً واحِدَةً. كانَت عمرَةُ تُحَدِّثُ به عن عائشَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن أزواجِه البَقَرَ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٩١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٤٨)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٩).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٨٨٧٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٥٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٥) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٣٩).","vol":"9","page":287},{"text":"وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^١).\n\n٨٨٤٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: نَحَرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عن نِسائِه بَقَرَةً في حَجَّتِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرشِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَمَّنِ اعتَمَرَ مِن نِسائِه بَقَرَةً بَينَهُنَّ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ولَم يَذكُرْ سَماعَه فيه عن الأوزاعِى، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ كان يَخافُ أن يَكونَ أخَذَه عن يوسُفَ بنِ السَّفْرِ (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٨٥١ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٨٨٩١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٤٤) عن محمد بن بكر به. وسيأتي في (١٠٣١٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣١٩/ ٣٥٧)، وفيه: \"عن عائشة\" مكان \"عن نسائه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٥١) من طريق الوليد به. وابن حبان (٤٠٠٨) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٤٠).\n(^٥) علل الترمذي (٢٢٨).","vol":"9","page":288},{"text":"عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الفَقيهُ بمِصرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الإسكَندَرانِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ. فذَكَرَه. وقالَ: في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^١). فإِن كان قَولُه: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ. مَحفوظًا صارَ الحَديثُ جَيِّدًا.\n\n٨٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبو الأزهَرِ وحَمدانُ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رَوّادٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: خَرَجَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُريدُ الحَجَّ زَمَنَ نَزَلَ الحَجّاجُ بابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فقيلَ له: إنَّ النّاسَ كائنٌ بَينَهُم قِتالٌ وإِنّا نَخافُ أن يَصُدّوكَ. فقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١] إذَن أصنَعَ كما صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أُشهِدُكُم أنَّى قَد أوجَبتُ عُمرَةً. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى إذا كان بظَهرِ البَيداءِ قال: ما شأنُ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ إلَّا واحدًا، أُشهِدُكُم أنِّى قَد أوجَبتُ حَجًّا مَعَ عُمرَتِى. وأَهدَى هَديًا اشتَراه بقُدَيدٍ (^٢)، فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، فطافَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ولَم يَزِدْ على ذَلِكَ، ولَم يَنحَرْ، ولَم يَحلِقْ، ولَم يُقَصِّرْ، ولَم يَحلِلْ مِن شَئٍ كان حَرُمَ مِنه، حَتَّى إذا كان يَومُ النَّحرِ نَحَرَ وحَلَقَ، ثُمَّ رأَى أن قَد قَضَى طَوافَه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦٧، وصححه. وفي مطبوعته: \"بمصر ثنا محمد بن أبي كثير عن سلمة عن أبي هريرة\". وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٣) عن محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن ميمون به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٣) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٢) قديد: واد من أودية الحجاز، يقطعه الطريق من مكة إلى المدينة على نحو من ١٢٥ كيلا. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٤٩.","vol":"9","page":289},{"text":"لِلحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ بطَوافِه الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ قُدامَةَ بنِ أعيَنَ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ المَعنَى قالا: حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: قال الصُّبَىُّ بنُ مَعبَدٍ: كُنتُ رَجُلًا أعرابيًّا نَصرانيًّا فأَسلَمتُ، فأَتَيتُ رَجُلًا مِن عَشيرَتِى يُقالُ له: هُذَيمُ بنُ ثُرْمُلَةَ. فقُلتُ: يا هَنَاهْ (^٣)، إنِّي حَريصٌ على الجِهادِ، وإِنِّى وجَدتُ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ مَكتوبَينِ علىَّ، فكَيفَ لِى بأَن أجمَعَهُما؟ فقالَ: اجمَعْهُما واذبَحْ ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ. فأَهلَلتُ بهِما، فلَمّا أتَيتُ العُذَيبَ لَقِيَنِى سَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ وزَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وأَنا أُهِلُّ بهِما مَعًا، فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِلآخَرِ: ما هَذا بأَفقَهَ مِن بَعيرِه ذَلِكَ. فكأَنَّما أُلقِىَ علىَّ جَبَلٌ حَتَّى أتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقُلتُ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إنِّي كُنتُ رَجُلًا أعرابيًّا نَصرانيًّا، وإِنِّى أسلَمتُ، وأَنا حَريصٌ على الجِهادِ، وإِنِّى وجَدتُ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ مَكتوبَينِ علىَّ، فأَتَيتُ رَجُلًا مِن قَومِى فقالَ لِى: اجمَعْهُما واذبَحْ ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ. وإِنِّى أهلَلتُ بهِما مَعًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: هُديتَ لِسُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩١٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. والنسائي (٢٩٣٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وسيأتي في (٩٤٩٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٨٤)، ومسلم (١٢٣٠/ ١٨١).\n(^٣) أي: يا هذا. وتفتح النون وتسكن وتضم الهاء الآخرة وتسكن. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧٩، ٢٨٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٠١)، وفى المعرفة (٢٧١٠)، وأبو داود (١٧٩٩). وأخرجه النسائي =","vol":"9","page":290},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1963>بابُ العُمرَةِ قَبلَ الحَجِّ والحَجِّ قَبلَ العُمرَةِ</span>\n\n٨٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ الصّانِعُ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ عِكرِمَةَ بنَ خالِدٍ سأَلَ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن العُمرَةِ قَبلَ الحَجِّ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ على أحَدٍ أن يَعتَمِرَ قَبلَ أن يَحُجَّ. قال عِكرِمَةُ: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: اعتَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - قَبلَ أن يَحُجَّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: خَرَجنا مُوافِينَ (^٣) لِهِلالِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يُهِلَّ بعُمرَةٍ فليُهِلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، فإِنِّى لَولا أنِّى أهدَيتُ لأهلَلتُ بعُمرَةٍ\". وكانَ مِنَ القَومِ مَن أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ ومِنهُم مَن أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ، فكُنتُ أنا مِمَّن أهَلَّ\n_________\n= (٢٧١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٦٩) من طريق جرير به بنحوه. وأحمد (٢٥٦) من طريق منصور به بنحوه. وتقدم في (٨٨٤٤). وسيأتي في (٨٩٢٢).\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٠٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٧٤).\n(^٣) موافين: أي مقارنين لاستهلاله، وكان خروجهم قبله لخمس في ذى القعدة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ١٤٤.","vol":"9","page":291},{"text":"بعُمرَةٍ، فقَدِمتُ مَكَّةَ وأَنا حائضٌ فأَدرَكَنِى يَومُ عَرَفَةَ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"دَعِى عُمرَتَكِ وانقُضِى شَعَرَكِ وامتَشِطِى وأَهِلِّى بحَجٍّ\". حَتَّى إذا صَدَرَت (^١) وقَضَى اللَّهُ حَجَّها أرسَلَ مَعَها عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ لَيلَةَ الحَصْبَةِ فأَردَفَها، وأَهَلَّت مِنَ التَّنعيمِ بعُمرَةٍ مَكانَ عُمرَتِها، فقَضَى اللَّهُ عُمرَتَها، ولَم يَكُنْ في ذَلِكَ هَدىٌ ولا صيامٌ ولا صَدَقَةٌ (^٢).\nقَولُه: فقَضَى اللَّهُ عُمرَتَها. مِن قَولِ عُروةَ، وإِنَّما لَم يَكُنْ في ذَلِكَ هَدىٌ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان قَد أهدَى عَنها وعَمَّنِ اعتَمَرَ مِن أزواجِه بَقَرَةً بَينَهُنَّ كما مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣). وهَذا الحَديثُ أخرَجاه في \"الصحيحين\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (^٤)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن محمدٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n٨٨٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا هَنّادٌ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُوافينَ لِهِلالِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فَقالَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يُهِلَّ بحَجٍّ فليُهِلَّ بحَجٍّ، ومَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يُهِلَّ\n_________\n(^١) صدرت: قضت نسكها. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٨٧)، وأبو داود (١٧٧٨)، والنسائي (٢٧١٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمه (٢٦٠٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٤٧ - ٨٨٥١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٧، ١٧٨٦)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٥ - ١١٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٨٣).","vol":"9","page":292},{"text":"بعُمرَةٍ فليُهِلَّ بعُمرَةٍ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعنَى الأوَّلِ وأَضافَ كَلامَ عُروةَ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٨٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ قال: حَجَجتُ مَعَ مَولاىَ فدَخَلتُ على أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - فقُلتُ: أعتَمِرُ قَبلَ أن أحُجَّ؟ فقالَت: إن شِئتَ فاعتَمِرْ قَبلَ أن تَحُجَّ، وإِن شِئتَ فبَعدَ أن تَحُجَّ. فقُلتُ: إنَّهُم يَقولونَ: مَن كان صَرورَةً فلا يَصلُحُ أن يَعتَمِرَ قَبلَ أن يَحُجَّ. فسأَلتُ أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ فقُلنَ مِثلَ ما قالَت، فرَجَعتُ إلَيها فأَخبَرتُها فقالَت: نَعَم وأَشفيكَ؛ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أهِلّوا يا آلَ محمدٍ بعُمرَةٍ في حَجٍّ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1964>بابُ التَّمَتُّعِ (^٣) بالعُمرَةِ إلىَ الحَجِّ إذا أقامَ بمَكَّةَ حَتَّى يُنشِئَ الحَجَّ إن شاءَه مِن مَكَّةَ لا مِنَ الميقاتِ</span>\n\n٨٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو يُخبِرُ عن حَجَّةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: فأَمَرَنا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بَعدَ ما طُفْنا أن نَحِلَّ. قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِذا أرَدتُم\n_________\n(^١) مسند إسحاق (٦٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٤٨) من طريق الليث به. وابن حبان (٣٩٢٢) من طريق يزيد به بمعناه. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٦: أبو عمران ليس بمعروف.\n(^٣) في م: \"المتمتع\".","vol":"9","page":293},{"text":"أن تنطَلِقوا إلَى مِنًى فأهِلّوا\". قال: فأَهَللنا مِنَ البَطحاءِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَةِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ موسَى بنُ نافِعٍ الأسَدِىُّ قال: قَدِمتُ مَكَّةَ وأَنا مُتَمَتِّعٌ بعُمرَةٍ، فدَخَلتُ قَبلَ التَّرويَةِ بثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، فقالَ لِى أُناسٌ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ: تَصيرُ الآنَ حَجَّتُكَ مَكّيَّةً. فدَخَلتُ على عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أستَفتيه فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه حَجَّ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ ساقَ البُدنَ وقَد أهَلّوا بالحَجِّ مُفرَدًا، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحِلّوا مِن إحرامِكُم بالطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وأَقصِروا وأَنتُم حَلالٌ، فإذا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ فأَهِلّوا بالحَجِّ واجعَلوا التي قَدِمتُم بها مُتعَةً\". قالوا: كَيفَ نَجعَلُها مُتعَةً وقَد سَمَّينا الحَجِّ؟ فقالَ: \"افعَلوا ما أمَرتُكُم؛ فلَولا أنِّى سُقتُ الهَدىَ لَفَعَلتُ مِثلَ الَّذِى أمَرتُكُم به، ولَكِن لا يَحِلُّ مِنِّى حَرامٌ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الهَدىُ مَحِلَّه\". ففَعَلوا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٩٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٤/ ١٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣١٩٧)، والطبراني (٦٥٧١) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٦٨)، ومسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤٣).","vol":"9","page":294},{"text":"٨٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأربَعِ لَيالٍ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فأَمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَجعَلَها عُمرَةً، فضاقَت بذاكَ صُدورُنا وكَبُرَ عَلَينا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ أحِلّوا؛ فلَولا الهَدىُ الَّذِى مَعِى فعَلتُ مِثلَ الَّذِى تَفعَلونَ\". قال: فأَحلَلنا حَتَّى وطِئنا النِّساءَ وفَعَلنا مِثلَ ما يَفعَلُ الحَلالُ، حَتَّى إذا كان عَشيَّةُ التَّرويَةِ وجَعَلنا مَكَّةَ بظَهرٍ لَبَّينا بالحَجِّ (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ وقالَ: أهلَلنا (^٢).\n\n٨٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كان أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - يَتَمَتَّعونَ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ، فإِذا لَم يَحُجّوا عامَهُم ذَلِكَ لَم يُهدُوا شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٣٩) عن إسحاق الأزرق به. والنسائي (٢٩٩٤) من طريق عبد الملك به. والبخاري (١٧٨٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٥، ٢٧٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩١) من طرق عن عطاء به بمعناه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٥٧) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"9","page":295},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1965>بابُ المُفرِدِ أوِ القارِنِ يُريدُ العُمرَةَ بَعدَ الفَراغِ مِن نُسُكِه خَرَجَ مِنَ الحَرَمِ ثُمَّ أهلَّ مِن أينَ شاءَ</span>\n\n٨٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حامدُ (^١) بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أفلَحُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُهِلّينَ بالحَجِّ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ وفِي حُرُمِ (^٢) الحَجِّ ولَيالِى الحَجِّ حَتَّى نَزَلنا بسَرِفَ، فخَرَجَ إلَى أصحابِه فقالَ: \"مَن لَم يَكُنْ مِنكُم مَعَه هَدىٌ فأَحَبَّ أن يَجعَلَها عُمرَةً فليَفعَلْ، ومَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فلا\". فمِنهُمُ الآخِذُ بها ومِنهُمُ التّارِكُ لَها مِمَّن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه الهَدىُ، فأَمّا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكانَ مَعَه الهَدىُ ومَعَ رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِه لَهُم قوَّةٌ. قالَت: فدَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أبكِى فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: سَمِعتُ كَلامَكَ مَعَ أصحابِكَ في العُمرَةِ. قال: \"ما لَكِ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا أُصَلِّى. قال: \"فلا يَضُرُّكِ، تَكونِى في حَجَّةٍ، وعَسَى اللَّهُ أن يَرزُقَكِها، وِإنَّما أنتِ مِن بَناتِ آدَمَ، كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ ما كَتَبَ عَلَيهِنَّ\". قالَت: فخَرَجتُ في حَجَّتِى حَتَّى نَزَلنا مِنًى فطَهُرَتُ فطُفتُ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المُحَصَّبَ، فدَعا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ فقالَ: \"اخرُجْ بأُختِكَ مِنَ الحَرَمِ فلتُهِلَّ بالعُمرَةِ، ثُمَّ تَطوفَ بالبَيتِ، وافرُغا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٤، م: \"خالد\"، وضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب في الحاشية: \"حامد\" وفوقه: \"صح\". وينظر المتفق والمفترق ١/ ٧٤٠.\n(^٢) حرم الحج: بضم الراء: الأوقات والمواضع والأشياء والحالات، وبفتح الراء: جمع حرمة أي ممنوعات الشرع ومحرماته. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ١٤٩.","vol":"9","page":296},{"text":"حَتَّى تأتيانِى فإِنِّى أنتَظِرُكُما ههُنا\". قالَت: فخَرَجنا فأَهلَلنا، ثُمَّ طُفتُ بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فجِئنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو في مَنزِلِه مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: \"هَل فرَغتُم؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. فأَذَّنَ في أصحابِه بالرَّحيلِ، فخَرَجَ فمَرَّ بالبَيتِ فطافَ به قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى المَدينَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن أفلَحَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1966>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الإحرامَ بالعُمرَةِ مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ</span>\n\n٨٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أخبَرَهُم أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّهُنَّ في ذِى القَعدَةِ إلَّا التي مَعَ حَجَّتِه؛ عُمْرَةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ الجِعرانَةِ حينَ قَسَمَ غَنيمَةَ حُنَينٍ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَتَه مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n٨٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٢٢)، وأبو داود (٢٠٠٥، ٢٠٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٩٨، ٣٠٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩٥) من طريق أفلح به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وسيأتي من طريق آخر عنه في (٩٨٢٨)، وسيأتي من طريق القاسم في (٨٨٧٤، ٩٣٧٤) بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٨٨)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٧٧٩، ٨٨٠٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٢٥٣/ ٢١٧).","vol":"9","page":297},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن مُزاحِمٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن مُحَرِّشٍ الكَعبِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ مِنَ الجِعرانَةِ لَيلًا فاعتَمَرَ وأَصبَحَ بها كَبائتٍ (^١).\n\n٨٨٦٥ - وبإِسنادِه: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ يَعنِى عن مُزاحِمٍ هَذا الحديثَ بهَذا الإِسنادِ، فقالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وهو مُخَرِّشٌ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وأَصابَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ؛ لأنَّ ولَدَه عِندَنا يَقولونَ: بَنو مُخَرِّشٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي مُزاحِمُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن مُحَرِّشٍ الكَعبِىِّ قال: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِنَ الجِعرانَةِ لَيلًا مُعتَمِرًا، فدَخَلَ مَكَةَ لَيلًا فقَضَى عُمرَتَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِن تَحتِ لَيلَتِه فأَصبَحَ بالجِعرانَةِ (^٣). كَذا قال: مُحَرِّش. بالحاءِ، وكأنَّ الرِوايَةَ هَكَذا، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧١١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥١٢)، والنسائي (٢٨٦٤) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أحمد بالشك بين: محرش ومخرش. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٦٨٢).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٣٤. وعنده في جميع المواضع بالحاء المهملة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥١٣)، والترمذي (٩٣٥)، والنسائي (٢٨٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب، ولا نعرف لمحرش الكعبى عن النبي - ﷺ - غير هذا الحديث. وأبو داود (١٩٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٣٥) من طريق مزاحم به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٣٨: وإسناده حسن.","vol":"9","page":298},{"text":"رأى أنَّ ذَلِكَ بالخاءِ المُعجَمَةِ (^١) في رِوايَةِ مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ عنه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1967>بابُ مَن أحرَمَ بها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ</span>\n\n٨٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ أوسٍ يقولُ: أخبرَني عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يُردِفَ عائشةَ فيُعمِرَها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يقولُ: عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا شِهابُ بنُ عَبّادٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"معجمة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧١٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٥)، والترمذي (٩٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٩٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٨٤)، ومسلم (١٢١٢/ ١٣٥).","vol":"9","page":299},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيها، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: \"أردِفْ أُختَكَ - يَعنِى عائشةَ - فأَعمِرْها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ، فإِذا هَبَطتَ بها الأكَمَةَ فمُرْها فلتُحرِمْ فإِنَّها عمرَةٌ مُستَقبَلَةٌ\". كَذا وجَدتُه في أصلِ كِتابِه: \"مُستَقبَلَةٌ\".\n\n٨٨٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا داودُ العَطّارُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ وقالَ: \"فإِنَّها عُمرَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١) من طريق داود به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٥٧) دون قوله: فإذا هبطت. . . .\nهنا ينتهى الجزء الرابع من نسخة الأصل.","vol":"9","page":300},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1968>جِماعُ أبوابِ الاختيارِ في إفرادِ الحَجِّ والتَّمَتُّعِ بالعُمرَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1969>بابُ الخيارِ بَينَ أن يُفرِدَ أو يَقرِنَ أو يَتَمَتَّعَ، وأنَّ جميعَ ذَلِكَ واسِعٌ لَه</span>\n\n٨٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنَ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فمِنا مَن أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ، وأهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، فأمّا مَن أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ أو جَمَعَ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ، فلَم يَحِلُّوا حَتَّى كان يَومُ النَّحرِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِىُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُمَحِيُّ بمَكَّةَ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زيادٍ سَبَلانُ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: مِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ مُفرِدًا، ومِنّا مَن قَرَنَ، ومِنّا مَن تَمَتَّعَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٧٩) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٠٨)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٥٣٦)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٨٠٤) من طريق عباد به. ومسلم (١٢١١/. . .) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.","vol":"9","page":301},{"text":"عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن عَبّادِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^١)\n\n٨٨٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ، عن اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ أنَّ حَنظَلَةَ بنَ عليٍّ الأسلَمِيَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِى نَفْسِى بيَدِه، لَيُهِلَّنَّ ابنُ مَريَمَ بفَجِّ الرَّوحاءِ (^٢) حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا، أو ليَثْنِيَنَّهما (^٣) \" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1970>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ الإفرادَ ورآه أفضَلَ</span>\n\n٨٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأَدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ماهانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٤).\n(^٢) فج الروحاء: بين مكة والمدينة، وكان طريق رسول الله - ﷺ - إلى بدر وإلى مكة عام الفتح وعام الحج. معجم البلدان ١٣/ ٨٥.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ليثنيهما\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٠٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٧٣)، وابن حبان (٦٨٢٠) من طرق عن الزهري به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٥٢) عقب (٢١٦).","vol":"9","page":302},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أفرَدَ الحَجَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولا نَذكُرُ إلَّا الحَجَّ، فلَمّا جِئْنا سَرِفَ طَمِثْتُ. قالَت: فدَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأنا أبكِى قال: \"ما يُبكيكِ؟ \". قالَت: فقُلتُ: واللَّهِ لَوَدِدتُ ألَّا أحُجَّ العامَ. قال: \"فلعَلَّكِ نُفِسْتِ\". قالَت: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"إنَّ هذا شَئٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فافعَلِى ما يَفعَلُ الحاجُّ غَيرَ أنْ لا تَطوفِى بالبَيتِ حَتَّى تَطَّهَّرِى (^٣) \". فلَمّا قَدِمْنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٢١)، والشافعي (٩٦٧)، ومالك ١/ ٣٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٧٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٧٧٧)، والترمذي (٨٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٦٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٣٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٧١٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وابن حبان (٣٩٣٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٢).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"تطهرين\". وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ٣/ ٥٠٥: بفتح التاء والطاء المهملة المشددة وتشديد الهاء، أو هو على حذف إحدى التاءين، وأصله: تتطهرى، ويؤيده قوله في رواية مسلم: \"حتى تغتسلى\".","vol":"9","page":303},{"text":"مَكَّةَ قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لأصحابِه: \"اجعَلوها عُمرَةً\". قالَت: فحَلَّ النّاسُ إلَّا مَن كان مَعَه الهَدىُ. قالَت: وكانَ الهَدىُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - وذِى اليَسارَةِ. قالَت: ثُمَّ راحوا مُهِلّينَ بالحَجِّ. قالَت: فلَمّا كان يَومُ النَّحرِ طَهَرْتُ، فأرسَلَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأفَضْتُ. قالَت: وأُتينا بلَحمِ بَقَرٍ، فقُلتُ: ما هَذا؟ قالوا: أهدَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن نِسائِه البَقَرَ. قالَت: فلَمّا كان لَيلَةُ الحَصْبَةِ، قُلتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: يَرجِعُ النّاسُ بحَجَّةٍ وعُمرَةٍ وأرجِعُ بحَجَّةٍ؟ قالَت: فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ، فأردَفَنِى على جَمَلِه. قالَت: فإِنِّى لأذكُرُ وأنا جاريَةٌ حَديثَةُ السِّنِّ فيَطرُقُ وجهِى مُؤْخِرَةُ الرَّحلِ حَتَّى أتَى التَّنعيمَ، فأهلَلتُ بعُمرَةٍ جَزاءَ العُمرَةِ الثّانيَةِ التي اعتَمَروا (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي سلَمةَ الماجِشونِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن أرادَ مِنكُم أن يُهِلَّ بحَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أرادَ أن يُهِلَّ بحَجٍّ فليُهِلَّ\". قالَت عائشَةُ: وأهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بحَجٍّ وأهَلَّ به ناسٌ مَعَه، وأهَلَّ ناسٌ بالعُمرَةِ والحَجِّ، وأهَلَّ ناسٌ بالعُمرَةِ، فكُنتُ فيمَن أهَلَّ بالعُمرَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٤٤) من طريق عبد العزيز الماجشون به. وتقدم في (١٤٩١). وسيأتي في (٩٣٧٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٥)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٥) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا.","vol":"9","page":304},{"text":"عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، وزادَ فيه: \"فمَن أرادَ أن يُهِلَّ بعُمرَةٍ فليُهِلَّ\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن أبي الأسوَدِ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ مِثلَ هذا المَعنَى (^٢).\n\n٨٨٧٧ - ورَوَى حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ الحَجِّ قال: \"وأمّا أنا فأُهِلُّ بالحَجِّ؛ فإِنَّ مَعِىَ الهَدىَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٨٨٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ يَعنِى المُعَلِّمَ، عن عَطاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ هو وأصحابُه بالحَجِّ، ولَيسَ مَعَ أحَدٍ مِنهُم يَومَئذٍ هَدْىٌ إلَّا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وطَلحَةَ - ﵁ -، وكانَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - قَدِمَ مِنَ اليَمَنِ ومَعَه الهَدْىُ فقالَ: أهلَلْتُ بما أهَلَّ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أصحابَه أن يَجعَلوها عُمرَةً؛ يَطوفوا ثُمَّ يُقَصِّروا ويَحِلّوا إلَّا مَن كان مَعَه الهَدْىُ. فقالوا: نَنطَلِقُ إلَى مِنًى وذَكَرُنا يَقطُرُ؟ فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنِّي لَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٧١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩٢) من طريق هشام بن عروة به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٦٢).","vol":"9","page":305},{"text":"ما أهدَيتُ، ولَولا أنَّ مَعِىَ الهَدىَ لأحلَلتُ\" (^١).\n\n٨٨٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، وزادَ: وأنَّ عائشةَ حاضَت، فنَسَكَتِ المَناسِكَ كُلَّها غَيرَ أنَّها لَم تَطُفْ بالبَيتِ، فلَمّا طَهَرَت طافَت، قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أتَنطَلِقونَ بحَجَّةٍ وعُمرَةٍ وأنطَلِقُ بالحَجِّ؟ فأمَرَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ أنْ يَخرُجَ مَعَها إلَى التَّنعيمِ، فاعتَمَرَت بعدَ الحَجِّ في ذِى الحِجَّةِ، وأَنَّ سُراقَةَ بنَ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ لَقِىَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالعَقَبَةِ وهو يَرميها، قالَ: ألَكُم هذه خاصَّةً يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"بَل لِلأبَدِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّتِه بالحَجِّ لَيسَ مَعَه عُمرَةٌ (^٤).\n\n٨٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو السَّرِىِّ الطّوسِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٨٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به مختصرًا. وسيأتي في (٩٤٢٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٧٣).\n(^٢) أحمد (١٤٢٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٨٠)، وتمام في الفوائد (٦١٠ - الروض) - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٧/ ١٤٠ - من طريق أبى معاوية به. وليس عند أحمد: \"ليس معه عمرة\".","vol":"9","page":306},{"text":"حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ بنَيسابورَ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أهلَلْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ مُفرَدًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن عَبّادِ بنِ عَبّادٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٨٢ - وأخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ أو عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - الشَّكُّ مِنِّى - عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ مُفرَدًا. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَونٍ عن عَبّادٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٣).\nورَواه الحُسَينُ (^٤) بنُ علىٍّ التَّميمِيُّ عن أبي القاسِمِ البَغَوِيِّ، وقالَ: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ. بلا شَكٍّ (^٥).\n\n٨٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧١٩) من طريق عباد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٣١/ ١٨٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣١/ ١٨٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٢٩٨ من طريق البغوي به.","vol":"9","page":307},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا النَّرسِيُّ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ البَرّاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: أهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، فقَدِمَ لأربَعٍ مَضَينَ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فصَلَّى بنا الصُّبحَ بالبَطحاءِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن شاءَ أنْ يَجعَلَها عُمرَةً فليَجعَلْها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ دينارٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنِي أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العاليَةِ البَرّاءَ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقول: أهَلَّ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، فقَدِمَ لأربَعٍ مَضَينَ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فصَلَّى الصُّبحَ وقالَ لَمَّا صلَّى الصُّبحَ: \"مَن شاءَ أن يَجعَلَها عُمرَةً فليَجعَلْها عُمرَةً\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ الجَهضَمِىِّ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ أبو غَسّانَ عن شُعبَةَ: أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ (^٤).\n\n٨٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حَسّانَ الأعرَجَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - صَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٠٩) عن روح به. والنسائي (٢٨٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩٤) من طريق شعبة به. والبخاري (١٠٥٨) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٤٠/ ٢٠٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٤٠/ ١٩٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٤٠/ ٢٠٠).","vol":"9","page":308},{"text":"الظُّهرَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ ببَدَنَتِه فأشعَرَ (^١) صَفحَةَ سَنامِها الأيمَنَ وسَلَتَ الدَّمَ عَنها، ثُمَّ أتَى راحِلَتَه فرَكِبَها، فلَمّا استَوَت به على البَيداءِ أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قال: حَجَجتُ مَعَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - فجَرَّدَ (^٤)، ومَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فجَرَّدَ، ومَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - فجَرَّدَ (^٥).\n\n٨٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، أخبرَنا نافِعٌ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: إنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: أَن تَفصِلوا بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ وتَجعَلوا العُمرَةَ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ أتَمُّ لِحَجِّ\n_________\n(^١) إشعار البدن: أن يشق أحد جنبتى السنام حتى يسيل الدم، ويجعل ذلك علامة لها تعرف بها أنها هدى. النهاية ٢/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٤٩)، والترمذي (٩٠٦)، والنسائي (٢٧٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٤٣/ ٢٠٥).\n(^٤) جرَّد: أفرد الحج. ينظر الفائق ١/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٩٦) من طريق أبى حصين به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٤٤: أبو هشام الرفاعى له مناكير.","vol":"9","page":309},{"text":"أحَدِكُم وأتَمُّ لِعُمرَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٨٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الصّانعُ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ الزُّهرِيُّ أحمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ والحَسَنِ (^٣) ابنَى محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيهِما، أنَّ عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: يا بُنَيَّ أفرِدْ بالحَجِّ فإِنَّه أفضَلُ (^٤).\n\n٨٨٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: جَرِّدوا الحَجَّ (^٥).\n\n٨٨٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ، عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٤٧ - وعنه ابن وهب (١٣٩)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٤٧ - وابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٨٢) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٢) في س: \"الصائغ\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٣١٨.\n(^٣) في ص: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٨١٦)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٢٩) من طريق ربيعة عن محمد بن على عن أبيه عن جده على، وعند ابن الأعرابى عن جده عن على. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٤٤: عثمان مُقِلٌّ، محلُّه الصدق.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٤٤: سنده منقطع.","vol":"9","page":310},{"text":"أبى حَمزَةَ مَيمونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه أمَرَ بإِفرادِ الحَجِّ، قال: نُسُكانِ أُحِبُّ أنْ يَكونَ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شَعَثٌ وسَفَرٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1971>بابُ ما يَدُلُّ على أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أحرَمَ إحرامًا مُطلَقًا يَنتَظِرُ القَضاءَ، ثُمَّ أُمِرَ بإِفرادِ الحَجِّ ومَضَى في الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٨٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ هارونَ النَّحْوِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَتنِي عمرَةُ بنتُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالَت: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِخَمسٍ بَقِينَ مِن ذِى القَعدَةِ لا نُرَى إلَّا الحَجَّ، حَتَّى إذا دَنَونا مِن مَكَّةَ أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ إذا طافَ بالبَيتِ - يَعنِى وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ - أن يَحِلَّ. قالَت عائشَةُ: فدُخِلَ عَلَينا يَومَ النَّحرِ بلَحمِ بَقَرٍ، فقُلتُ: ما هَذا؟ فقيلَ: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن أزواجِهِ. قال: فذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ فقالَ: واللَّهِ أتَتكَ بالحَديثِ على وجهِهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٣٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٩٠ بنحوه. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٠٣) من طريق أبى حمزة به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٤٤: أبو حمزة لين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦١٩)، والنسائي (٢٦٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨١) من طريق يحيى به مختصرًا ومطولًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٢٠)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٥).","vol":"9","page":311},{"text":"وابنُ عُيَينَةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n٨٨٩٢ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا مُحاضِرٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا نَذكُرُ حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً، فلَمّا قَدِمْنا أمَرَنا أن نَحِلَّ، فلَمّا كان لَيلَةُ النَّفْرِ حاضَت صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَيٍّ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"حَلقَى عَقرَى (^٢)، ما أُراها إلَّا حابِسَتَكُم\". قال: \"هَل كُنتِ طُفتِ يَومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فانفِرِى\". قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي لَم أكُنْ أهلَلتُ. قال: \"فاعتَمِرِى مِنَ التَّنعيمِ\". قال: فخَرَجَ مَعَها أخوها. قال: فلَقيَنا مُدَّلِجًا (^٣) فقالَ: \"مَوعِدُكِ كَذا وكَذا\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ - يُقالُ: إنَّه ابنُ يَحيَى - عن مُحاضِرٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا نَذكُرُ إلَّا الحَجَّ (^٥).\n\n٨٨٩٣ - ورَواه عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ عن الأعمَشِ بإِسنادِه، قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نُلَبِّى، لا نَذكُرُ حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٩٣، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣٩٢٩).\n(^٢) حلقى عقرى: أهلكها الله وأصابها بوجع في حلقها. وظاهره الدعاء وليس بدعاء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٩٧.\n(^٣) أي أنهما لقيا النبي - ﷺ - مدّلجًا - بتشديد الدال - أي: سائرًا آخر الليل. فتح الباري ٣/ ٥٩٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧١٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٣) من طريق الأعمش مختصرًا.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٧٢). وفيه: \"حللت\". بدلًا من: \"أهللت\".","vol":"9","page":312},{"text":"أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا قاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٨٩٤ - ورَواه مَنصورٌ عن إبراهيمَ فقالَ في الحَديثِ: ولا نُرَى إلَّا أنَّه الحَجُّ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وقَد أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" (^٤).\nوكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى مَعنًى واحِدٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ حُجَيرٍ، سَمِعوا طاوُسًا يقولُ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ لا يُسَمِّى حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً يَنتَظِرُ القَضاءَ، فنَزَلَ عَلَيه القَضاءُ وهو بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فأمَرَ أصحابَه مَن كان مِنهُم أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ أنْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٣٩٢) من طريق على بن مسهر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٨٣)، والنسائي (٢٨٠٢) من طريق جرير به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٢٦٣٠٠) من طريق منصور به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٦١)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٨) من طريق جرير به. والبخاري (١٧٦٢) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"9","page":313},{"text":"يَجعَلَها عُمرَةً، وقالَ: \"لَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ لَما سُقتُ الهَدىَ، ولَكِنِّى لَبَّدتُ رأسِى وسُقتُ هَديِى، فليسَ لِى مَحِلٌّ إلَّا مَحِلُّ هَديِى\". فقامَ إلَيه سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اقضِ لَنا قَضاءَ قَومٍ كأنَّما وُلِدوا اليَومَ؛ أعُمرَتُنا هذه لِعامِنا هذا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَل لِلأبَدِ؛ دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال: فدَخَل عليٌّ - ﵁ - مِنَ اليَمَنِ، فسألَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بِمَ أهلَلتَ؟ \". فَقالَ أحَدُهُما: لَبَّيكَ إهلالَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. وقالَ الآخَرُ: لَبَّيكَ حَجَّةَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٨٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهرانِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالمَدينَةِ تِسعَ حِجَجٍ لَم يَحُجَّ، ثُمَّ أذَّنَ في النّاسِ بالحَجِّ. قال: فاجتَمَعَ بالمَدينَةِ بَشَرٌ كَثيرٌ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِخَمسٍ بَقِينَ مِن ذِى القَعدَةِ أو لأربَعٍ، فلَمّا كان بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ صَلَّى ثُمَّ استَوَى على راحِلَتِه، فلَمّا أخَذَت به في البَيداءِ لَبَّى، وأهلَلْنا لا نَنوِى إلَّا الحَجَّ (^٣).\n\n٨٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٦٨٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"المهرانى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٢. وتقدم في (٦٣٥١) من طريق جعفر بطرف منه مطولًا.","vol":"9","page":314},{"text":"حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقيّانِ، ورُبَّما زادَ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ الكَلِمَةَ والشَّئَ، قالوا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، فلَمّا انتَهَينا إلَيه سألَ عن القَومِ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَيَّ، فقُلتُ: أنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ. فأهوَى بيَدِه إلَى رأسِى فنَزَعَ زِرِّى الأعلَى، ثُمَّ نَزَعَ زِرِّى الأسفَلَ، ثُمَّ وضَعَ كَفَّه بَينَ ثَديَيَّ، وأنا يَومَئذٍ غُلامٌ شابٌّ، فقالَ: مَرحَبًا بكَ وأهلًا يا ابنَ أخِى، سَلْ عَمّا شِئتَ. فسألتُه وهو أعمَى، وجاءَ وقتُ الصَّلاةِ فقامَ في نِساجَةٍ مُلتَحِفًا بها - يَعنِى ثَوبًا مُلفَفًا - كُلَّما وضَعَها على مَنكِبِه رَجَعَ طَرَفاها إلَيه مِن صِغَرِها، فصلَّى بنا ورِداؤُه إلَى جَنبِه على المِشجَبِ (^١)، فقُلتُ: أخبِرْنِي عن حَجَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ بيَدِه فعَقَدَ تِسعًا، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَكَثَ تِسعَ سِنينَ لَم يَحُجَّ، ثُمَّ أذَّنَ في النّاسِ في العاشِرَةِ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حاجٌّ، فقَدِمَ المَدينَةَ بَشَرٌ كَثيرٌ كُلُّهُم يَلتَمِسُ أنْ يأتَمَّ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ويَعمَلَ بمِثلِ عَمَلِه، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وخَرَجْنا مَعَه حَتَّى أتَينا ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، فوَلَدَت أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ محمدَ بنَ أبى بكرٍ، فأرسَلَت إلَى\n_________\n(^١) المشجب: عيدان تضم رءوسها ويفرج بين قوائمها، وتوضع عليها الثياب، وقد تعلق عليها الأسقية لتبريد الماء. النهاية ٢/ ٤٤٥.","vol":"9","page":315},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: كَيفَ أصنَعُ؟ فقالَ: \"اغتَسِلِى واستَذفِرِى (^١) بثَوبٍ وأَحرِمِى\". فَصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ القَصواءَ حَتَّى إذا استَوَت به ناقَتُه على البَيداءِ. قال جابِرٌ: نَظَرتُ إلَى مَدِّ بَصَرِى مِن بَينَ يَدَيه مِن راكِبٍ وماشٍ، وعن يَمينِه مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، وعن يَسارِه مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ومِن خَلفِه مِثلَ ذَلِكَ ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - بَينَ أظهُرِنا، وعَلَيه يَنزِلُ القُرآنُ وهو يَعلَمُ تأويلَه، فما عَمِلَ به مِن شَئٍ عَمِلنا به، فأهَلَّ بالتَّوحيدِ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". وأهَلَّ النّاسُ بهَذا الَّذِى يُهِلّونَ به، فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَيئًا مِنه، ولَزِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَلبيَتَه. قال جابِرٌ: لَسنا نَنوِى إلَّا الحَجَّ؛ لَسنا نَعرِفُ العُمرَةَ، حَتَّى إذا أتَينا البَيتَ مَعَه استَلَمَ الرُّكنَ، فرَمَلَ (^٢) ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إلَى مَقامِ إبراهيمَ فقَرأ: \" ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ \" [البقرة: ١٢٥] فجَعَلَ المَقامَ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ. قال (^٣): فكانَ أبى يقولُ - قال ابنُ نُفَيلٍ وعُثمانُ: ولا أعلَمُه ذَكَرَه إلَّا عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال سُلَيمانُ: ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى البَيتِ فاستَلَمَ الرُّكنَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنَ البابِ إلَى الصَّفا، فلَمّا دنَا منَ الصَّفا قرأَ: \" ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨] نَبدأُ بما بَدأَ اللهُ به\". وبَدأَ بالصَّفا فرَقِىَ عَلَيه حَتَّى رأَى البَيتَ، فكَبَّرَ اللهَ وحدَه وقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه\n_________\n(^١) الاستذفار والاستثفار، أن تشد الحائض على فرجها ثوبا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٤.\n(^٢) الرمل: وثب في المشى ليس بالشديد مع هز المنكبين. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩١.\n(^٣) القائل هو جعفر بن محمد كما في صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ١٧٦.","vol":"9","page":316},{"text":"المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ يُحيِى ويُميتُ، وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه، أنجَزَ وعدَه، ونَصَرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه\". ثُمَّ دَعا بَينَ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ مِثلَ هذا ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ إلَى المَروَةِ حَتَّى إذا انصَبَّت قَدَماه رَمَلَ في بَطنِ الوادِى، حَتَّى إذا صَعِدَ مَشَى حَتَّى أتَى المَروَةَ، فصنَعَ على المَروَةِ مِثلَ ما صَنَعَ على الصَّفا، حَتَّى إذا كان آخِرُ الطَّوافِ على المَروَةِ قال: \"إنِّي لَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ لَم أسُقِ الهَدىَ ولَجَعَلتُها عُمرَةً، فمَن كان مِنكُم لَيسَ مَعَه هَدىٌ فليَحلِلْ وليَجعَلْها عُمرَةً\". فحَلَّ النّاسُ كُلُّهُم وقَصَّروا إلَّا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ومَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ، فقامَ سُراقَةُ بنُ جُعشُمٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألِعامِنا هذا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ فشَبَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أصابِعَه في الأُخرَى، ثُمَّ قال: \"دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ\". هَكَذا مَرَّتَينِ: \"لا، بَلْ لأبَدِ أَبَدٍ، لا، بَل لأبَدِ أبَدٍ (^١) \". قال: وقَدِمَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - مِنَ اليَمَنِ ببُدنِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فوَجَدَ فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ - مِمَّن حَلَّ، ولَبِسَت ثيابًا صبيغًا واكتَحَلَت، فأنكَرَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - ذَلِكَ عَلَيها وقالَ: مَن أمَرَكِ بهَذا؟ قالَت: أبى. قال: وكانَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - يقولُ بالعِراقِ: ذَهَبتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُحَرشًا (^٢) على فاطِمَةَ في الأمرِ الَّذِى صنَعَته، مُستَفتيًا لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - في الَّذِى ذَكَرَت عنه، فأخبَرتُه أنِّى أنكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فقالَت: أبى أمَرَنِي بهَذا. فقالَ: \"صَدَقَتْ صَدَقَت، ماذا قُلتَ حينَ فرَضْتَ الحَجَّ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أُهِلُّ بما أهَلَّ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: \"فإنَّ مَعِىَ الهَدىَ فلا تَحلِلْ\". قال: وكانَ جَماعَةُ الهَدىِ الَّذِى قَدِمَ به علىٌّ مِنَ اليَمَنِ والَّذِى أتَى به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ مِائَةً، فحَلَّ الناسُ كُلُّهُم وقَصَّروا إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) بالتنوين وكرره للتوكيد، أو بغير تنوين بالإضافة، أي لآخر الدهر. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ١٢٥.\n(^٢) محرشًا: أي مغريا بها، لما أنكر من إحلالها. إكمال المعلم ٤/ ١٤٥.","vol":"9","page":317},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ومَن كان مَعَه هَديٌ. قال: فلَمّا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ ووَجَّهوا إلَى مِنًى أهَلّوا بالحَجِّ، فرَكِبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فصَلَّى بمِنًى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ والصُّبحَ، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ قَليلًا حَتَى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ وأمَرَ بقُبَّةٍ له مِن شَعَرٍ فضُرِبَت بنَمِرَةَ، فسارَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ولا تَشُكُّ قُرَيشٌ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واقِفٌ عِندَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ كما كانَت قُرَيشٌ تَصنَعُ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فأجازَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى عَرَفَةَ، فوَجَدَ القُبَّةَ قَد ضُرِبَت له بنَمِرَةَ فنَزَلَ بها، حَتَّى إذا زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ أمَرَ بالقَصواءِ فرُحِلَت له، فرَكِبَ حَتَّى أتَى بَطنَ الوادِى، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ دِماءَكُم وأَموالَكُم عَلَيكُم حَرامٌ كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا، في شَهرِكُم هذا، في بَلَدِكُم هذا، ألَا إنَّ كُلَّ شَئٍ مِن أمرِ الجاهليَّةِ تَحتَ قَدَمَيَّ مَوضوعٌ، ودِماءُ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعَةٌ، وأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أضَعُه دِماؤُنا\". قالَ عثمانُ: \"دَمُ ابنِ رَبيعَةَ\". وقالَ سُلَيمانُ: \"دَمُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ\". وقالَ بَعضُ هَؤُلاءِ: \"كان مُستَرضَعًا في بَنِى سَعدٍ، قَتَلَته هُذَيلٌ، ورِبا الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ، وأَوَّلُ رِبًا أضَعُ رِبانا، رِبا عباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ؛ فإِنَّه مَوضوعٌ كُلُّه، اتَّقوا اللَّهَ في النِّساءِ؛ فإِنَّكُم أخَذتُموهُنَّ بأَمانَةِ اللَّهِ، واستَحلَلتُم فُروجَهُنَّ بكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ، وإِنَّ لَكُم عَلَيهِنَّ ألَّا يوطِئنَ فُرُشَكُم أحَدًا تَكرَهونَه، فإِنْ فعَلنَ فاضرِبوهُنَّ ضَربًا غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، ولَهُنَّ عَلَيكُم رِزقُهُنَّ وكِسوَتُهُنَّ بالمَعروفِ، وإِنِّى قَد تَرَكتُ فيكُم ما لَم تَضِلُّوا بَعدَه إنِ اعتَصَمتُم به؛ كِتابَ اللهِ، وأَنتُم مَسئولونَ عَنِّى، فما أنتُم قائلونَ؟ \". قالوا: نَشهَدُ أنَّكَ بَلَّغتَ وأدَّيتَ ونَصَحتَ. ثُمَّ قال بإِصبَعِه السَّبّابَةِ يَرفَعُها إلَى السَّماءِ ويَنكُبُها (^١) إلَى\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، أي يردها ويقلبها إلى الناس مشيرا إليهم. إكمال المعلم ٤/ ١٤٨. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"ينكتها\".","vol":"9","page":318},{"text":"النّاسِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ\". ثُمَّ أذَّنَ بلالٌ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ لَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ القَصواءَ حَتَّى أتَى المَوقِفَ، فجَعَلَ بَطنَ ناقَتِه القَصواءِ إلَى الصَّخَراتِ (^١)، وجَعَلَ حَبْلَ المُشاةِ (^٢) بَينَ يَدَيه، فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فلَم يَزَلْ واقِفًا حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وذَهَبَتِ الصُّفرَةُ قَليلًا حينَ غابَ القُرصُ وأردَفَ أُسامَةَ خَلفَه، فدَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَد شَنَقَ (^٣) لِلقَصواءِ الزِّمامَ، حَتَّى إنَّ رأسَها لَيُصيبُ مَوْرِكَ رَحلِه ويَقولُ بيَدِه اليُمنَى: \"السَّكينَةَ أيُّها النّاسُ، السَّكينَةَ\". كُلَّما أتَى حَبلًا مِنَ الحِبالِ (^٤) أرخَى لها قَليلًا حَتَّى تَصعَدَ، حَتَّى أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ فجَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بأذانٍ واحِدٍ وإِقامَتَينِ - قال عثمانُ: ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما شَيئًا. ثُمَّ اتَّفَقوا - ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، فصَلَّى الفَجرَ حينَ تَبَيَّنَ له الصُّبحُ - قال سُلَيمانُ (^٥): بأذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ. ثُمَّ اتَّفَقوا - ثُمَّ رَكِبَ القَصواءَ حَتَّى أتَى المَشعَرَ الحَرامَ فرَقِىَ عَلَيه. قال عثمانُ وسُلَيمانُ: فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وكَبَّرَه وهَلَّلَه. زادَ عثمانُ: ووَحَّدَه. فلَم يَزَلْ واقِفًا حَتَّى أسفَرَ جِدًّا، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَبلَ أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، وأردَفَ الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ وكانَ رَجُلًا حَسَنَ الشَّعَرِ أبيَضَ وسيمًا، فلَمّا دَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ الظُّعُنُ يَجرينَ، فطَفِقَ الفَضلُ يَنظُرُ إلَيهِنَّ، فوَضَعَ\n_________\n(^١) الصخرات: هي صخرات مفترشات في أسفل الجبل الذي بوسط أرض عرفات. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ١٨٥.\n(^٢) حبل المشاة: صفهم ومجتمعهم وقيل: حيث يسلك الرجالة. والأول أولى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٧٦.\n(^٣) شنق: ضيق. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٥/ ١٨٦.\n(^٤) الحبل: هو ما طال من الرمل وضَخَم. وقيل: الحبال دون الجبال. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٧٦.\n(^٥) هو ابن عبد الرحمن الدمشقى، أحد رواة الخبر عن إسماعيل بن جعفر.","vol":"9","page":319},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدَه على وجهِ الفَضلِ، وصَرَفَ الفَضلُ وجهَه إلَى الشِّقِّ الآخَرِ، وحَوَّلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وجهَه إلَى الشِّقِّ الآخَرِ، وصَرَفَ الفَضلُ وجهَه إلَى الشِّقِّ الآخَرِ يَنظُرُ، حَتَّى إذا أتَى مُحَسِّرًا حَرَّكَ قَليلًا ثُمَّ سَلَكَ طَريقَ الوُسطَى التي تُخرِجُكَ على الجَمْرَةِ الكُبرَى، حَتَّى أتَى الجَمْرَةَ التي عِندَ الشَّجَرَةِ، فرَماها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ مِنها حَصَى الخَذْفِ (^١) فرَمَى مِن بَطنِ الوادِى، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَنحَرِ، فنَحَرَ بيَدِه ثَلاثًا وسِتّينَ، وأمَرَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فنَحَرَ ما غَبَرَ - يقولُ: ما بَقِيَ - وأشرَكَه في هَديِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ مِن كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ ببَضْعَةٍ فجُعِلَت في قِدرٍ فطُبِخَت، فأكَلا مِن لَحمِها وشَرِبا مِن مَرَقِها، ثُمَّ أفاضَ - قال سُلَيمانُ: ثُمَّ رَكِبَ - فأفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى البَيتِ، فصَلَّى بمَكَّةَ الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أتَى بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ وهُم يَسقونَ فقالَ: \"انزِعوا بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فلَولا أن يَغلِبَكُمُ النّاسُ على سِقايَتِكُم لَنزَعتُ مَعَكُم\". فناوَلوه دَلوًا فشَرِبَ مِنه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وأبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وقالَ: \"دَمُ ابنِ رَبيعَةَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) حصى الخذف: صغار الحصى. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٦.\n(^٢) إسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٢٠٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٠٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٧، ٢٨٠٢) من طريق النفيلى به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. وأحمد (١٤٤٤٠) - وعنه أبو داود (١٩٠٧) - والنسائى (٢٧٣٩) من طريق يحيى به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\nوقد ورد الحديث مقطعًا عند المصنف في مواضع كثيرة، وتقدمت رواية أبي داود في (٥٦٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"9","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1972>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ القِرانَ وزَعَمَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان قارِنًا</span>\n\n٨٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى. وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ التَّميمِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ التُّركُ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ وحُمَيدٍ أنَّهُم سَمِعوا أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ بهِما جَميعًا: \"لَبَّيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجًّا، لَبَّيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجًّا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٨٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّي بالعُمرَةِ والحَجِّ جَميعًا. قال: فحَدَّثتُ بذَلِكَ ابنَ عُمَرَ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّما أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ وحدَه. قال: فلَقِيتُ أنَسًا فحَدَّثْتُه بقَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، فقالَ: ما يَعُدُّونَنا إلَّا صِبيانًا، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَبَّيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجَّةً\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"، عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ عن هُشَيمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٥٨) - وعنه أبو داود (١٧٩٥) - والنسائي (٢٧٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦١٩) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٥١/ ٢١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٦١)، والنسائي (٢٧٣٠) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"9","page":321},{"text":"وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ عن حُمَيدٍ (^١).\n\n٨٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ وغَيرِه، أن رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فقالَ: بمَ أهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ. فانصَرَفَ، ثُمَّ أتاه مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ فقالَ: بمَ أهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: ألَم تأتِنِى عامَ أوَّلَ؟ قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يَزعُمُ أنَّه قَرَنَ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يَدخُلُ على النَّساءِ وهُنَّ مُكَشَّفاتُ الرُّءوسِ (^٢)، وإِنِّى كُنتُ تَحتَ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَمَسُّنِى لُعابُها، أسمَعُه يُلَبِّى بالحَجِّ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ موسَى، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - باتَ بها - يَعنِى بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ - حَتَّى أصبَحَ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ حَتَّى إذا استَوَت به على البَيداءِ حَمِدَ وسَبَّحَ وكَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ وأهَلَّ الناسُ بهِما، فلَمّا قَدِمْنا أمَرَ النّاسَ فحَلُّوا، حَتَّى إذا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ أهَلُّوا بالحَجِّ، ونَحَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَبعَ بَدَناتٍ بيَدِه قيامًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٣٢/ ١٨٥)، والبخاري (٤٣٥٤).\n(^٢) يعني لصغره. ينظر تاريخ دمشق ١٦/ ٤٤٧.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٢٠) مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٤) من طريق وهيب به مختصرًا.","vol":"9","page":322},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^١). كَذا قال: وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ، ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ، فأضافَ ذَلِكَ إلَى غَيرِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n٨٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو القَطِرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا، والعَصرَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ. قال أنَسٌ: وسَمِعتُهُم يَصرُخونَ بهِما جَميعًا الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى الرَّبيعِ: يَصرُخونَ صُراخًا بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، قال سُلَيمانُ: سَمِعَ أبو قِلابَةَ هذا مِن أنَسٍ، وهو فقيهٌ، ورَوَى حُمَيدٌ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى إسحاقَ عن أنَسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّى بعُمرَةٍ وحَجٍّ. قال: ولَم يَحفَظا، إنَّما الصحيح ما قال أبو قِلابَةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٧٤٤)، والنسائي (٤٧٦) من طريق حماد به، وليس عند النسائي موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٩٠/ ١٠)، وليس عند مسلم موضع الشاهد.","vol":"9","page":323},{"text":"أفرَدَ الحَجَّ، وقَد جَمَعَ بَعضُ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ، فإِنَّما سَمِعَ أنَسٌ أولَئكَ الَّذينَ جَمَعوا بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ. هذا الكَلامَ أو نَحوَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن أنَسٍ كما رَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، ورَواه وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ، فالاشتِباهُ وقَعَ لأنَسٍ لا لِمَن دونَه، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ سَمِعَه - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُه غَيرَه كَيفَ يُهِلُّ بالقِرانِ لا أنَّه يُهِلُّ بهِما عن نَفسِه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَد روِىَ مَن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسٍ:\n\n٨٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ، وأخبَرَنِي أبو يَعلَى والحَسَنُ قالوا: حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ أخبَرَه أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ، كُلُّهُنَّ في ذِى القَعدَةِ إلَّا العُمرَةَ التي مَعَ حَجَّتِه؛ عُمرَةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ أو زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ حَيثُ قَسَمَ غَنائمَ حُنَينٍ في ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةً مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٣). وإِنَّما يقولُ ذَلِكَ أنَسٌ على ما عِندَه مِن أنَّه قَرَنَ.\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٩٢ عن أبي عمرو الأديب وحده. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٦٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وتقدم في (٨٨٦٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٢٥٣/ ٢١٧).","vol":"9","page":324},{"text":"وقَد رُوِىَ أيضًا عن غَيرِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، وفِي ثُبوتِه نَظَرٌ:\n\n٨٩٠٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: كَمِ اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: مَرَّتَينِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: لَقَد عَلِمَ ابنُ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِ اعتَمَرَ ثَلاثًا سِوَى التي قَرَنَها في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^١).\nكَذا رَواه أبو إسحاقَ عن مُجاهِدٍ، والرِّوايَةُ الثابتةُ عن مَنصورٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ لَيسَ فيها هَذا:\n\n٨٩٠٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وإِسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، قال قُتَيبَةُ: حدثنا. وقالَ إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ المَسجِدَ، فإِذا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ جالِسٌ إلَى حُجرَةِ عائشةَ - ﵂ -، وإِذا ناسٌ في المَسجِدِ يُصَلُّونَ صَلاةَ الضُّحَى. قال: فسألناه عن صَلاتِهِم، فقالَ: بدعَةٌ. قال: ثُمَّ قالوا له: كَمِ اعتَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: أربَعًا، إحداهُنَّ في رَجَبٍ. قال: فكَرِهنا أن نُكَذِّبَه ونَرُدَّ عَلَيه، قال: وسَمِعْنا استِنانَ عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - خَلفَ الحُجرَةِ. قال: فقالَ عُروَةُ: يا أُمَّهْ، ألَم تَسمَعِى إلَى ما يقولُ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قالَت: ما يقولُ؟ قال: يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ، إحداهُنَّ في رَجَبٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢١٨) من طريق زهير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٣٣).","vol":"9","page":325},{"text":"قالَت: يَرحَمُ اللهُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ! ما اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عُمرَةً إلَّا وهو شاهِدٌ، وما اعتَمَرَ في رَجَبٍ قَطُّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ في هذه القَصَّةِ، ولَيسَ فيها ما في رِوايَةِ أبى إسحاقَ:\n\n٨٩٠٧ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ قال: كُنتُ أنا وابنُ عُمَرَ مُستَنِدَينِ إلَى حُجرَةِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - وأنا أسمَعُ صَوتَ السَّواكِ تَستَنُّ فقُلتُ: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - في رَجَبٍ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: يا أُمَّتاهُ، أما تَسمَعينَ ما يقولُ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ يقولُ: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَجَبٍ. فقالَت: يَرحَمُ اللهُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ! ما اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عُمْرَةٍ إلَّا وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَعَه، ما اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَجَبٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مَن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٨٩٤)، وعنه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٢١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٧٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٥) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٦١٢٦)، والترمذي (٩٣٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٧٥، ١٧٧٦)، ومسلم (١٢٥٥/ ٢٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٢٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. والترمذي (٩٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٩٨) من طريق عروة بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٧٧)، ومسلم (١٢٥٥/ ٢١٩).","vol":"9","page":326},{"text":"٨٩٠٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا داودُ العَطّارُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ عُمرَتَينِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ وعُمرَةً في شَوّالٍ (^١).\n\n٨٩٠٩ - ورَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَعتَمِرْ إلَّا ثَلاثًا؛ إحداهُنَّ في شَوّالٍ، وثِنتَينِ في ذِى القَعدَةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَد روِىَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ:\n\n٨٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ركَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَ عُمَرٍ كُلُهُنَّ في ذِى القَعدَةِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: لَقَد عَلِمَ أنَّه اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ بعُمرَتِه التي حَجَّ مَعَها (^٣).\nوقَد روِىَ في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ:\n\n٨٩١١ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٩١) عن عبد الأعلى بن حماد به. وتقدم في (٨٨١١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٥٤).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٢٩) عن يزيد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٥٢: مالكٌ ليَّنه ابنُ حبان.","vol":"9","page":327},{"text":"عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي داودَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ رُميسٍ والقاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو عُبَيدٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ اللَّبَّانُ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الصُّوفيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: حَجَّ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَ حِجَجٍ؛ حِجَّتَينِ قَبلَ أن يُهاجِرَ، وحِجَّةً قَرَنَ مَعَها عُمرَةً (^١).\nوكَيفَ يَكونُ هذا صَحيحًا وقَد رُوِّينا مِن أوجُهٍ عن جابِرٍ في إحرامِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - خِلافَ هذا؟ وقَد قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ: سألتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيَّ عن هذا الحَديثِ فقالَ: هذا حَديثٌ خَطأٌ، وإِنَّما روِىَ هذا عن الثَّورِيِّ مُرسَلًا (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: وكانَ زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ إذا رَوَى حِفظًا رُبَّما غَلِطَ في الشَّئِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِىَ في حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ:\n\n٨٩١٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيل بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَطّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٨. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٥٦) عن أحمد بن يحيى الصوفى به. والترمذي (٨١٥) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به، وقال: غريب من حديث سفيان. وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الترمذي عقب (٨١٥) بنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٣/ ١٦٠.","vol":"9","page":328},{"text":"ابنُ الرَّبيعِ وشِهابُ بنُ عَبّادٍ قالا: حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَ عُمَرٍ؛ عُمرَةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وعُمرَةَ القَضاءِ مِن قابِلٍ، وعُمرَتَه مِنَ الجِعْرانَةِ، وعُمرَتَه الرّابِعَةَ التي مَعَ حَجَّتِه (^١). قال أبو الحَسَنِ يَعنِى عليَّ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ: لَيسَ أحَدٌ يقولُ في هذا الحَديثِ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ. إلَّا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - اعتَمَرَ. مُرسَلًا (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ صَدوقٌ، إلَّا أنَّه رُبَّما يَهِمُ في الشَّئِ (^٣).\n\n٨٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن حَفصةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: ما شأنُ النّاسِ حَلُّوا ولَم تَحلِلْ أنتَ مِن عُمرَتِكَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنِّي لَبَّدتُ رأسِى وقَلَّدتُ هَديِى، فلا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أنحَرَ\". لَفظُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٦٢٩) عن على بن عبد العزيز به. وأحمد (٢٢١١)، وأبو داود (١٩٩٣)، والترمذي (٨١٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٦) من طريق داود بن عبد الرحمن به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (٨١٦).\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٣/ ١٦١.","vol":"9","page":329},{"text":"حَديثِ خالِدٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ عن حَفصَةَ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما شأنُ النّاسِ حَلّوا بعُمرَةٍ، ولَم تَحلِلْ أنتَ مِن عُمرَتِكَ؟ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالك، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن حَفصَةَ قالَت: قُلتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: ما شأنُ النّاسِ حَلُّوا ولَم تَحِلَّ مِن عُمرَتِكَ؟ قال: \"إنِّي قَلَّدْتُ هَديِى ولَبَّدْت رأسِى، فلا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أَحِلَّ مِنَ الحَجِّ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ في قَولِ حَفصَةَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: ولَم تَحلِلْ مِن عُمرَتِكَ. تَعنِى: مِن إحرامِكَ الَّذِى ابتَدأتَه وهُم بنيَّةٍ واحِدَةٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. فقالَ: \"لَبَّدتُ رأسِى وقَلَّدتُ هَديِى، فلا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أنحَرَ\". يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلمُ: حَتَّى يَحِلَّ الحاجُّ؛ لأنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٢٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٤، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٤٣٢)، وأبو داود (١٨٠٦)، والنسائي (٢٧٨٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٢٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٦٦)، ومسلم (١٢٢٩) عقب (٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٢٤)، والنسائي (٢٦٨١) من طريق يحيى به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٤٦) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٩٧)، ومسلم (١٢٢٩/ ١٧٧).","vol":"9","page":330},{"text":"القَضاءَ نَزَلَ عَلَيه أن يَجعَلَ مَن كان مَعَه هَديٌ إحرامَه حَجًّا (^١).\n\n٨٩١٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهْرانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، [حَدَّثَنِى أبى] (^٢)، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أخبَرَه، أن حَفصَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَنا أنْ نَحِلَّ عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فقالَت له حَفصَةُ: وما يَمنَعُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنْ تَحِلَّ؟ قال: \"إنِّي لَبَّدتُ رأسِى وقَلَّدتُ هَديِى، ولَستُ أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أنحَرَ هَديِى\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ عن نافِعٍ، لَم يَذكُرا فيه العُمرَةَ (^٤)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأنا أسمَعُ قال: حدثنا أبو زَيدٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتانِى جِبريلُ ﵇ وأَنا بالعَقيقِ، فقالَ: صَلِّ في هذا الوادِى المُبارَكِ رَكعَتَينِ، وقُلْ: عُمرَةٌ في حَجَّةٍ. فقَد دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي زَيدٍ الهَرَوِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث ص ٣٠٧.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٤. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١١٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٤٣٩٨) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٩٦٦١).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٦ - منتخب) من طريق على بن المبارك به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٧٣٤٣).","vol":"9","page":331},{"text":"كَذا قالَه عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى، وخالَفَه الأوزاعِيُّ في أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عنه فقالَ: \"وقالَ: عُمرَةٌ في حَجَّةٍ\". لَم يَقُلْ: \"وقُلْ\".\n\n٨٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَةُ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، حَدَّثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أتانِى اللَّيلَةَ آتٍ مِن رَبِّى - وهو بالعَقيقِ - أنْ صَلِّ في هذا الوادِى المُبارَكِ، وقالَ: عُمرَةٌ في حَجَّةٍ\" (^١).\n\n٨٩١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وبِشرُ بنُ بكرِ قالا: حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَةُ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ وهو بوادِى العَقيقِ: \"أتانِى اللَّيلَةَ آتٍ مِن رَبِّى ﷿، فقالَ: صَلِّ في هذا الوادِى المُبارَكِ. وقالَ: عُمرَةٌ في حَجَّةٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦١٧) من طريق بشر بن بكر به، وفيه: \"وقل\".\n(^٢) الحميدي (١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٣٤)، وفيه: \"وقل\".","vol":"9","page":332},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ قالَه شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ (^١) ومِسكينُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ (^٢) عن الأوزاعِىِّ: \"وقالَ: عُمرَةٌ في حَجَّةٍ\". فيَكونُ ذَلِكَ إذنًا واللَّهُ أعلمُ في إدخالِ العُمرَةِ على الحَجِّ، لا أنَّه ﵇ أمَرَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ في نَفسِهِ.\n\n٨٩١٩ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ العَدَوِيُّ، سَمِعتُ مُطَرِّفَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال لِي: ألَا أُحَدِّثُكَ حَديثًا لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أن يَنفَعَكَ به؟ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَ حَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ، ثُمَّ لَم يَنْهَ عنه ولَم يَنزِلْ قُرآنٌ يُحَرِّمُه، وإِنَّه قَد كان يُسَلَّمُ عليَّ، فلَمّا اكتَوَيتُ انقَطَعَ عَنِّى، فلَمّا تَرَكتُ عادَ إلَيَّ، يَعنِى المَلائكَةَ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن مُطَرِّفٍ (^٥)، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٢٣٣٧). وفيه: \"وقل\". وفى هامش اليونينية: \"وقال: عمرة\". وأشار إلى أنها من رواية الهروى عن الحموى والمستملى، ولم يشر ابن حجر إليها في الفتح، فاللَّه أعلم.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٠٠)، وقال: رواه الوليد بن مسلم وعمر بن عبد الواحد في هذا الحديث عن الأوزاعي: \"وقل: عمرة في حجة\". قال أبو داود: وكذا رواه على بن المبارك عن يحيى بن أبي كثير في هذا الحديث، وقال: \"وقل: عمرة في حجة\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٨٠، والطيالسى (٨٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٧٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٩٣٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعد النسائي بدون ذكر التسليم.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٦٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٤١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٦٩)، والنسائي (٣٧٠٧)، وعد مسلم والنسائي بدون ذكر التسليم.","vol":"9","page":333},{"text":"هَمّامٌ عن قَتادَةَ في المُتعَةِ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ محمدُ بنُ واسِعٍ عن مُطَرِّفٍ في المُتعَةِ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ أبو رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيُّ عن عِمرانَ في المُتعَةِ (^٣)، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى العَلاءِ عن مُطَرِّفٍ عن عِمرانَ قال: اعلَمْ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أعمَرَ طائفَةً مِن أهلِه في العَشرِ (^٤). وقَصدُه مِن جَميعِ ذَلِكَ بَيانُ جَوازِ العُمرَةِ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ. وقَولُه: جَمَعَ بَينَ حَجِّ وعُمرَةٍ. إن كان الرّاوِى حَفِظَه يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به إذنَه فيه وأمرَه بَعضَ أصحابِه بذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ علىٍّ - ﵁ - حينَ أمَّرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على اليَمَنِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قُدومِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -، قال علىٌّ: فقالَ لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ صنَعتَ؟ \". قال: قُلْتُ: أهلَلتُ بإِهلالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"إنِّي قَد سُقتُ الهَدىَ وقَرَنْتُ\" (^٥). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: \"وقَرَنتُ\". ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ حينَ وصَفَ قُدومَ علىٍّ - ﵁ - وإِهلالَه، وحَديثُ جابِرٍ أصَحُّ سَنَدًا وأحسَنُ سياقَةً، ومَعَ حَديثِ جابِرٍ حَديثُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٥٠)، والبخاري (١٥٧١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٧٠). وسيأتي في (٨٩٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٧١)، والنسائي (٢٧٢٧، ٢٧٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٠٧)، والبخاري (٤٥١٨)، ومسلم (٢٢٢٦/ ١٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٣٢). وسيأتي في (٨٩٣٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٩٥)، ومسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٦٥).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٧٩٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٧٢٤) من طريق يحيى بن معين به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٨١).","vol":"9","page":334},{"text":"أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ:\n\n٨٩٢١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَحمودٍ السَّعدِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ، سَمِعتُ مَرْوانَ الأصفَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَدِمَ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ اليَمَنِ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بمَ أهلَلْتَ؟ \". فقالَ: أهلَلتُ بما أهَلَّ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَولا أنَّ مَعِىَ الهَدىَ لأحلَلْتُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الخَلّالِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الحَجّاجِ بن الشّاعِرِ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ (^٢).\nوفيه وفِي حَديثِ جابِرٍ جَعلَ العِلَّةَ في امتِناعِه مِنَ التَّحَلُّلِ كَونَ الهَدىِ مَعَه، والقارِنُ لا يَحِلُّ مِن إحرامِه حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا، سَواءٌ كان مَعَه هَديٌ أو لَم يَكُنْ، ودَلَّ ذَلِكَ على خَطأ تِلكَ اللَّفظَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدَةَ، سَمِعَ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: كَثيرًا ما كُنتُ أذهَبُ أنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٥٦) من طريق عبد الصمد به. وأحمد (١٢٩٢٧) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٧٧٦) - من طريق سليم بن حيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٥٨)، ومسلم (١٢٥٠/. . .) عقب (٢١٣).","vol":"9","page":335},{"text":"ومَسروقٌ إلَى الصُّبَىِّ بنِ مَعبَدٍ أسألُه عن هذا الحَديثِ، وكانَ رَجُلًا نَصرانيًّا مِن بَنِى تَغلِبَ فأسلَمَ، فأهَلَّ بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ، فسَمِعَه سَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ وزيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وهو يُهِلُّ بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ بالقادِسيَّةِ (^١)، فقالَ: هذا أضَلُّ مِن بَعيرِ أهلِه. قال: فكأنَّما حُمِلَ عليَّ بكَلامِهِما جَبَلٌ، حَتَّى أتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فأقبَلَ عَلَيهِما فلامَهُما، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عليَّ فقالَ: هُديتَ لِسُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nوهَذا الحَديثُ يَدُلُّ على جَوازِ القِرانِ، وأنَّه لَيسَ بضَلالٍ، خِلافَ ما تَوَهَّمَه زَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وسَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، [لا أنَّه] (^٣) أفضَلُ مِن غَيرِه، وقَد أمَرَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بأنْ يُفصَلَ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1973>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ التَّمَتُّعَ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ وزَعَمَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان مُتَمَتِّعًا أو تأسَّفَ عَلَيه، ولا يَتأسَّفُ إلَّا على ما هو أفضَلُ</span>\n\n٨٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالفارسية\".\n(^٢) جزء أبى العباس الأصم (٣٨٤، ٥٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٧٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩١١) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٨٨٤٤، ٨٨٥٣).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"لأنه\".","vol":"9","page":336},{"text":"بُكَيرٍ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ أنَّه حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ والضَّحّاكَ بنَ قَيسٍ عامَ حَجِّ معاويةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ، وهُما يَذكُرانِ التَّمَتُّعَ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ، فقالَ الضَّحّاكُ: لا يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا مَن جَهِلَ أمرَ اللهِ. فقالَ سَعدٌ: بئسَ ما قُلتَ يا ابنَ أخِى. فقالَ الضَّحّاكُ: فإِنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يَنهَى عَنها. فقالَ سَعدٌ: قَد صَنَعَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وصَنَعناها مَعَه (^١). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: قَد صَنَعَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وفِي الرِّواياتِ الثّابِتاتِ عن غُنَيمِ بنِ قَيسٍ عن سَعدٍ في هذا الحَديثِ: قَد فعَلْناها. لَيسَ فيها ذِكرُ فِعلِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ:\n\n٨٩٢٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ الخُراسانِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ غُنَيْمَ بنَ قَيسٍ قال: سألتُ سَعدَ بنَ مالكٍ عن المُتعَةِ، فقالَ: قَد فعَلناها وهَذا يَومَئذٍ كافِرٌ بالعُرُشِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي خَلَفٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٣)، وأرادَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ بما قال مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ، وأرادَ بالعُرُشِ بُيوتَ مَكَّةَ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٣٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٤، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٦٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٠٣)، والترمذي (٨٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٧٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٣٩). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (١٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٨) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٢٥/. . .).","vol":"9","page":337},{"text":"في رِوايَةِ مَرْوانَ الفَزارِيِّ عن التَّيمِىِّ (^١).\n\n٨٩٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ التَّيمِىِّ - يَعنِى المُعتَمِرَ - وابنُ المُبارَكِ جَميعًا قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى غُنْيمُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: سألتُ سَعدَ بنَ مالكٍ عنِ التَمَتُّعِ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ، فقالَ: فعَلتُها مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهَذا يَومَئذٍ كافِرٌ في العُرُشِ. يَعنِى مَكَةَ، ويَعنِى به مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: تَمَتَّعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ وأهدَى، فساقَ مَعَه الهَدىَ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، وبَدأ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأهَلَّ بالعُمرَةِ، ثُمَّ أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ، وتَمَتَّعَ النّاسُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ، فكانَ مِنَ النّاسِ مَن أهدَى فَساقَ الهَدىَ، ومِنهُم مَن لَم يُهدِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ قال لِلنّاسِ: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ مِن شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حَجَّه، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ مِنكُم أهدَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٢٥/ ١٦٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٤١ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٥٦: وهذا لا يتجه؛ لأن عام حجة الوداع لم يبق بمكة كافر.","vol":"9","page":338},{"text":"فليَطُفْ بالبَيتِ والصَّفا والمَروَةِ وليَتَحَلَّلْ، ثُمَّ ليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ ويُهدِى، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا فليَصُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ في الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِه\". وطافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، فاستَلَمَ الرُّكنَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ، ثُمَّ خَبَّ (^١) ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ مِنَ السَّبعِ، ومَشَى أربَعَةَ أطوافٍ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ حينَ قَضَى طَوافَه بالبَيتِ عِندَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فانصَرَفَ فأتَى الصَّفا فطافَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعَةَ أطوافٍ، ثُمَّ لَم يَحلِلْ مِن شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه حَتَّى قَضَى حَجَّه ونَحَرَ هَديَه يَومَ النَّحرِ وأفاضَ، فطافَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، يَعنِى بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ حَلَّ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه، وفَعَلَ مِثلَ ما فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَن أهدَى وساقَ الهَدىَ مِنَ النّاسِ.\n\n٨٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أخبرَنِي أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فليَطُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وليُقَصِّرْ وليَحلِلْ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٢٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الخبب: ضرب من العَدْوِ فيه اهتزاز. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٠٥) عن عبد الملك بن شعيب به. وسقط من الإسناد: \"أخبرني أبى\". وينظر تحفة الأشراف (٦٨٧٨). وأحمد (٦٢٤٧)، والنسائي (٢٧٣١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٩١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٧/ ١٧٤).","vol":"9","page":339},{"text":"إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبَرَنَى بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في تَمَتُعِه بالحَجِّ إلَى العُمرَةِ وتَمَتُّعِ النّاسِ مَعَه بمِثلِ الَّذِى أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ عن عبدِ اللهِ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ بشرٍ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ باللَّفظِ الَّذِى تَقَدَّمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ - ﵄ - في إفرادِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ما يُعارِضُ هذا (^٣)، وحَيثُ لَم يَتَحَلَّلْ مِن إحرامِه حَتَّى فرَغَ مِن حَجِّه في هذه الرِّوايَةِ أيضًا ففيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ مُتَمَتِّعًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُسلِمٍ القُرِّيِّ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أهَلَّ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بعُمرَةٍ وأهَلَّ أصحابُه بحَجٍّ، فلَم يَحِلَّ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ولا مَن ساقَ الهَدىَ مِن أصحابِه، وحَلَّ بَقيَّتُهُم، وكانَ طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - فيمَن ساقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٤٨) من طريق ليث به. وحديث سالم تقدم في (٨٩٢٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٩٢)، ومسلم (١٢٢٨/ ١٧٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٧٤) من حديث عائشة، وفى (٨٨٨١) من حديث ابن عمر.\n(^٤) في س: \"صاعد\".","vol":"9","page":340},{"text":"الهَدىَ فلَم يَحِلَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ إلَّا أنَ غُندَرًا خالَفَ مُعاذًا في طَلحَةَ، فقالَ: وكانَ مِمَّن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه الهَدىُ طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ فأحلَّا (^٣). وقَد خالَفَهُما رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ وأبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ في الإهلالِ:\n\n٨٩٣٠ - أمّا حَديثُ رَوحٍ فأخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ بالطّابَرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ. وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمًا القُرِّىَّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابُه بالحَجِّ، وكانَ مَن لَم يَسُقِ الهَدىَ حَلَّ، وكانَ طَلحَةُ وفُلانٌ لَم يَسوقا الهَدىَ فحَلَّا (^٤).\n\n٨٩٣١ - وأمّا حَديثُ أبي داودَ فأخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُسلِمٍ القُرِّيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أهَلَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، فمَن كان مِن أصحابِه لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَديٌ حَلَّ، ومَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ لَم يَحِلَّ، وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٠٤) عن ابن معاذ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٣٩/ ١٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣٩/ ١٩٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٤١) من طريق روح به.","vol":"9","page":341},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وطَلحَةُ مِمَّن كان مَعَهُما الهَدىُ (^١).\nوقَولُ مَن قال: إنَّه أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ. لَعَلَّه أشبَهُ لِموافَقَتِه رِوايَةَ أبى العاليَةِ البَرّاءِ (^٢) وأبِى حَسّانَ الأعرَجِ (^٣) عن ابنِ عباسٍ في إهلالِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانيُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"هذه عُمرَةٌ استَمتَعنا بها، فمَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ فليَحِلَّ الحِلَّ كُلَّه، فقَد دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ ومُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥)، وكأنَّه أرادَ واللهُ أعلمُ أصحابَه الَّذينَ حَلُّوا واستَمتَعوا، وثابِتٌ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه تَلَهَّفَ حَيثُ ساقَ الهَدىَ فلَم يَحِلَّ، ولَو كان مُتَمَتِّعًا بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ لَم يَتَلَهَّفْ عَلَيها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٨٨٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٨٣، ٨٨٨٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٨٥).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٧٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٧٢) من طريق روح به. وأبو داود (١٧٩٠)، والنسائي (٢٨١٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٤١/ ٢٠٣).","vol":"9","page":342},{"text":"٨٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ في أُناسٍ مَعِى قال: أهلَلْنا أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ خالِصًا وحدَه، فقَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - صُبحَ رابِعَةٍ مَضَت مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فأمَرَنا بعدَ أنْ قَدِمَ أنْ نَحِلَّ، فقالَ: \"أحِلُّوا وأَصيبوا النِّساءَ\". قال عَطاءٌ: ولَم يَعزِمْ عَلَيهِم أنْ يُصيبوا النِّساءَ، ولَكِنَّه أحَلَّهُنَّ لَهُم. قالَ عَطاءٌ: قال جابِرٌ: فبَلَغَه عَنّا أنّا نَقولُ: لَما لَم يَكُنْ بَينَنا وبَينَ عَرَفَةَ إلَّا خَمسٌ أمَرَنا أنْ نَحِلَّ إلَى نِسائِنا، فنأتِيَ عَرَفَةَ تَقطُرُ مَذاكيرُنا المَنِيَّ. قال: ويَقولُ جابِرٌ بيَدِه، كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى قَولِه بيَدِه يُحَرِّكُها. فقامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فينا فقالَ: \"قَد عَلِمتُم أنِّى أتقاكُم للهِ وأَصدَقُكُم وأَبَرُّكُم، ولَولا هَديِي لأحلَلتُ كما تَحِلّونَ، ولَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما أهدَيتُ، فحِلُّوا\". قال: فأحلَلْنا وسَمِعْنا وأطَعْنا. قال جابِرٌ: فقَدِمَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - مِن سِعايَتِه، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بمَ أهلَلْتَ؟ \". قال: بما أهَلَّ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"فأهدِ وامكُثْ حَرامًا\". قال فأهدَى له عليٌّ - ﵁ - هَديًا. قال سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ: مُتعَتُنا هذه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لِعامِنا هذا أم لأبَدٍ؟ قال: \"بَل لأبَدٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ، عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مُختَصَرًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ ومِن حَديثِ حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ عن عَطاءٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٧٥٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٣٥٣، ٧٣٦٧) من حديث ابن جريج، وفى (١٧٨٥، ٧٢٣٠) من حديث حبيب، =","vol":"9","page":343},{"text":"٨٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ حُسَينٍ، عن ذَكوانَ مَولَى عائشةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: قَدِمْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأربَعٍ أو لِخَمسٍ مَضَينَ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ. قالَت: فدَخَلَ عليَّ يَومًا وهو غَضبانُ، فقُلتُ: مَن أغضَبَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ أدخَلَه اللَّهُ النّارَ. قال: \"أما شَعَرتِ أنِّى أمَرْتُ النّاسَ بأَمرٍ فإِذا هُم يَتَرَدَّدونَ فيه؟ \". قال الحَكَمُ: كأنَّهُم هابوا أحسِبُ. قال: \"ولَو أنِّى استَقَبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ، ما سُقتُ الهَدىَ حَتَّى أشتَرِيَه، ثُمَّ أحِلَّ كما حَلُّوا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" من حَديثِ غُندَرٍ ومُعاذٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ قال: تَمَتَّعتُ فنَهانِي ناسٌ، فسألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فأمَرَنِي بها، فرأيتُ في المَنامِ كأنَّ رَجُلًا يقولُ لِي: حَجٌّ مَبرورٌ وعُمرَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ. فأخبَرتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ: اللهُ أكبَرُ! سُنَّةُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال أبو جَمرَةَ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أقِمْ عِندِى، وأجعَلُ لَكَ سَهمًا مِن مالِي. قالَ شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ له: ولِمَ قال لَكَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: لِلرُّؤيا التي رأيتُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n= وتقدم في (٨٧٥٨، ٨٨٧٨، ٨٨٧٩).\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٥) عن روح به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٣٠، ١٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"9","page":344},{"text":"حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١)\n\n٨٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ (^٢) أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ - ﵁ - قال: نَزَلَت آيَةُ المُتعَةِ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، وفَعَلناها مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤)، وعِمرانُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ القَصيرُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1974>بابُ كَراهيَةِ مَن كَرِهَ القِرانَ والتَّمَتُّعَ، والبَيانِ أنَّ جميعَ ذَلِكَ جائزٌ، وإِنْ كُنّا اختَرنا الإِفرادَ</span>\n\n٨٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عيسَى الخُراسانِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ القاسِمِ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فشَهِدَ عِندَه أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في مَرَضِه الَّذِى قُبِضَ فيه يَنهَى عن العُمرَةِ قَبلَ الحَجِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٦٧)، ومسلم (١٢٤٢/ ٢٠٤).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٤، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٠٧) عن يحيى القطان بنحوه. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٣٢) من طريق عمران بن مسلم بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥١٨)، ومسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٧٢).\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٧٩٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٩٢).","vol":"9","page":345},{"text":"٨٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي شَيخٍ الهُنَائىِّ واسمُه حَيْوانُ (^١) بنُ خالِدٍ، أن مُعاويَةَ قال لِنَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن صُفَفِ (^٢) النُّمورِ؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. قال: وأنا أشهَدُ. قال: أتَعلَمونَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُبسِ الذَّهَبِ إلَّا مُقَطَّعًا؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم (^٣). قال: أتَعلَمونَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُقرَنَ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ لا. قال: واللَّهِ، إنَّها لَمَعَهُنَّ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٥) والأشعَثُ بنُ بَرَازٍ عن قَتادَةَ، وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ في حَديثِه: ولَكِنَّكُم نَسيتُم. ورَواه مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ عن أبي شَيخٍ في مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ (^٦).\n\n٨٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"خيوان\". وقد ذكره في الإكمال ٢/ ٥٨١ بالحاء لا غير، وورد فيه الخلاف بالحاء أو بالخاء في تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٤١١، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٥٤٦.\n(^٢) جمع صفة وهى من السرج كالميثرة من الرحل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥١.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤: \"وأنا أشهد\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٠٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٣٣)، والنسائي (٥١٦٦) من طريق قتادة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٧٥٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٩٤). وعنده: \"خيوان بن خلدة\". بدلًا من: \"حيوان بن خالد\".\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٥١٦٧) في النهى عن لبس الذهب إلا مقطعًا. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦٤) من طريق معمر عن قتادة عن أبي شيخ في متعة الحج.","vol":"9","page":346},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: تَمَتَّعنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَزَلَ فيه القُرآنُ، فليَقُلْ رَجُلٌ برأيِه ما شاءَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أرضِ قَومِى، فلَمّا حَضَرَ الحَجُّ حَجَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وحَجَجْتُ، فأتَيتُه وهو نازِلٌ بالأبطَحِ فقالَ لِي: \"بمَ أهلَلتَ يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ قَيسٍ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ بحَجٍّ كَحَجِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: \"أحسَنتَ\". ثُمَّ قال لِي: \"هَل سُقتَ هَديًا؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فاذهَبْ فطُفْ بالبَيتِ، واسعَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ احلِلْ\". قال: فذَهَبتُ ففَعَلتُ ما أمَرَنِي، فأتَيتُ امرأةً مِن قَومِى فغَسَلَتْ رأسِى بالسِّدرِ وفَلَتْه، ثُمَّ أحرَمْتُ بالحَجِّ يَومَ التَّرويَةِ، فلَم أزَلْ أُفتِى النّاسَ بالَّذِى أمرَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَياةَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى ماتَ، وزَمَنَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وصَدرًا مِن خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فبَينا أنا عِندَ الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ وَالمَقامِ أُفتِى النّاسَ بالَّذِى أمَرَنِي به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَنِي رَجُلٌ فسارَّنِي، فقالَ: لا تَعجَلْ بفُتياكَ؛ فإِنَّ أميرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٥٠) من طريق همام بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٧١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٦/ ١٧٠).","vol":"9","page":347},{"text":"المُؤمِنينَ قَد أحدَثَ، في المَناسِكِ يَعنِى، فقُلتُ: أيُّها النّاسُ، مَن كُنّا أفتَيناه بشَئٍ فليَتَّئدْ، فإِنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قادِمٌ، فبِه فائتَمّوا. قال: فلَمّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - دَخَلْتُ عَلَيه فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، هَل أحدَثْتَ في المَناسِكِ؟ قال: نَعَم، إن نأخُذْ بسُنَّةِ نَبيِّنا - ﷺ -؛ فإِنَّه لَم يَحلِلْ حَتَّى نَحَرَ الهَدىَ، وإِنْ نأخُذْ بكِتابِ رَبِّنا؛ فإِنَّه يأمُرُنا بالتَّمامِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ وغَيرِه عن قَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا غُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي موسَى، عن أبي موسَى، أنَّه كان يُفتِى بالمُتعَةِ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: روَيدَكَ ببَعضِ فُتياكَ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى ما أحدَثَ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ في النُّسُكِ بَعدَكَ. حَتَّى لَقيَه بَعدُ، فسألَه فقالَ له عُمَرُ: قَد عَلِمتُ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فعَلَه وأصحابُه، ولَكِنِّى كَرِهتُ أن يَظَلُّوا مُعرِسينَ بهِنَّ (^٣) تَحتَ الأراكِ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعون تَقطُرُ رُءوسُهُم (^٤).\n\n٨٩٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٠٥) عن عبد الرزاق به. والنسائي (٢٧٣٧) من طريق سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٥٩، ١٧٢٤)، ومسلم (١٢٢١/ ١٥٤، ١٥٥). وتقدم في (٨٧٦٠). وسيأتي في (٩٠٨٠).\n(^٣) معرسين بهن: أي ملمين بنسائهم. النهاية ٣/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٧٩) من طريق محمد بن جعفر غندر به.","vol":"9","page":348},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ يرُوحُوا (^١) بالحَجِّ تَقطُرُ رُءوسُهُم. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: وأصحابُه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في تَمَتُّعِه بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ وتَمَتُّعِ النّاسِ مَعَه بمِثلِ الَّذِى أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ لِسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: فلِمَ تَنهَى (^٤) عن التَّمَتُّعِ وقَد فعَلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وفَعَلَه النّاسُ مَعَهُ؟ قال سالِمٌ: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ أتَمَّ لِلعُمرَةِ أن تُفرِدُوها مِن أشهُرِ الحَجِّ ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧]؛ شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وذو الحِجَّةِ، فأخلِصُوا فيهِنَّ الحَجَّ واعتَمِروا فيما سِواهُنَّ مِنَ الشُّهورِ. وأرادَ عُمَرُ بذَلِكَ تَمامَ العُمرَةِ؛ لِقَولِ اللَّه ﷿: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] وذَلِكَ أنَّ العُمرَةَ أنْ يَتَمَتَّعَ فيها المَرءُ بالحَجِّ، ولا تَتِمُّ إلَّا أنْ يُهدِىَ صاحِبُها هَديًا، أو يَصومَ إنْ لَم\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"يروحون\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٣٤) عن محمد بن المثنى ومحمد بن بشار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٢٢/ ١٥٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"تنهانى\".","vol":"9","page":349},{"text":"يَجِدْ هَديًا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ في الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِهِ، وأنَّ العُمرَةَ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ تَتِمُّ بغَيرِ هَدىٍ ولا صيامٍ، فأرادَ عُمَرُ بالَّذِى أمَرَ به مِن تَركِ التَّمَتُّعِ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ تَمامَ العُمرَةِ التي أمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ بها، وأرادَ عُمَرُ أيضًا أن يُزارَ البَيتُ في كُلِّ عامٍ مَرَّتَينِ، وكَرِهَ أنْ يَتَمَتَّعَ النّاسُ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ فيَلزَمَ ذَلِكَ النّاسُ فلا يأتوا البَيتَ إلَّا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً في السَّنَةِ، فاشتَدَّ الأئمَّةُ في التَّمَتُّعِ حَتَّى رأى النّاسُ أنَّ الأئمَّةَ يَرَونَ ذَلِكَ حَرامًا، ولِعَمرِى ما رأى ذَلِكَ الأئمَّةُ حَرامًا، ولَكِنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعوا ما أمَرَ به عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في ذَلِكَ احتِسابًا لِلخَيرِ (^١).\n\n٨٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ فأمَرَ بها، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تُخالِفُ أباكَ. قال: إنَّ أبى لَم يَقُلِ الَّذِى تَقولونَ؛ إنَّما قال: أفرِدُوا العُمرَةَ مِنَ الحَجِّ. أي أنَّ العُمرَةَ لا تَتِمُّ في شُهورِ الحَجِّ إلَّا بهَدىٍ، وأرادَ أن يُزارَ البَيتُ في غَيرِ شُهورِ الحَجِّ، فجَعَلتُموها أنتُم حَرامًا، وعاقَبْتُمُ النّاسَ عَلَيها وقَد أحَلَّها اللَّهُ ﷿، وعَمِلَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فإِذا أكثَرُوا عَلَيه قال: أفَكِتابُ اللَّهِ ﷿ أحَقُّ أنْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٣٦٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٤٧ من طريق ليث به. وعند أبى عوانة إلى قوله: أتم للعمرة أن تفردوها. وعند الطحاوي إلى قوله: مرة واحدة في السنة. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٩٢٦ - ٨٩٢٨).","vol":"9","page":350},{"text":"يُتَّبَعَ أم عُمَرُ؟ (^١).\n\n٨٩٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ، حدثنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يُفتِى بالَّذِى أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنَ الرُّخصةِ في التَّمَتُّعِ وسَنَّ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فيَقولُ ناسٌ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: كَيفَ تُخالِفُ أباكَ وقَد نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ؟ فيَقولُ لَهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ: ويلَكُم! ألا تَتَّقونَ اللَّهَ؟ أرأيتُم إنْ كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ يَبتَغِى فيه الخَيرَ ويَلتَمِسُ فيه تَمامَ العُمرَةِ، فلِمَ تُحَرِّمونَ وقَد أحَلَّه اللَّهُ وعَمِلَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ أفَرسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحَقُّ أنْ تَتَّبِعوا سُنَّتَه أم عُمَرُ؟ إنَّ عُمَرَ لَم يَقُلْ لَكَ: إنَّ عُمرَةً في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ حَرامٌ. ولَكِنَّه قال: إنَّ أتَمَّ لِلعُمرَةِ أن تُفرِدوها مِن أشهُرِ الحَجِّ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بن عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - لِعُمَرَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أمالى عبد الرزاق (١٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٠٠) عن روح به. والترمذي (٨٢٤) من طريق ابن شهاب بنحوه. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٦٥٨).","vol":"9","page":351},{"text":"الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أنَهَيتَ عن المُتعَةِ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنِّى أرَدتُ كَثرَةَ زيارَةِ البَيتِ. قال: فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: مَن أفرَدَ الحَجَّ فحَسَنٌ، ومَن تَمَتَّعَ فقَد أخَذَ بكِتابِ اللَّهِ وسُنَّةِ نَبيِّه - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٨٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا نَضْرَةَ (^٢) يقولُ: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: إنَّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ، وإِنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ يأمُرُ بها. قال جابِرٌ: عَلَى يَدَىَّ دارَ الحَديثُ؛ تَمَتَّعنا على عَهد رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمَّا كانَ عُمَرُ خَطَبَ الناسَ فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ كان يُحِلُّ لِنَبيِّه ﵇ ما يَشاءُ، وإِنَّ القُرآنَ قَد نَزَلَ مَنازِلَه، فافصِلُوا حَجَّكُم مِن عُمرَتِكُم، وأبِتّوا نِكاحَ هذه النِّساءِ، لا أوتَى برَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً إلَى أجَلٍ إلَّا رَجَمتُه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غَندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤)، ورَواه هَمّامٌ عن قَتادَةَ، وزادَ في الحَديثِ: فإِنَّه أتَمُّ لِحَجِّكُم وأتَمُّ لِعُمرَتِكُم (^٥).\nوفِي ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أن النَّهىَ عن مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ كان على الوَجهِ الَّذِى بَيَّنَه في الحَديثِ قَبلَه.\n\n٨٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٨٢٤) عن بشر بن بكر.\n(^٢) في م: \"بصرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٥٣٠.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٩٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١٨٢)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٠) من طريق شعبة بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٧/ ١٤٥،. . .).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٤٢٨٥).","vol":"9","page":352},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُسلِمٍ القُرِّىِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ فرَخَّصَ فيها، وكانَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ يَنهَى عَنها فقالَ: هذه أُمُّ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ تُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ فيها فادخُلوا عَلَيها فاسْألُوها. قال: فدَخَلنا عَلَيها، فإِذا امرأةٌ ضَخمَةٌ عَمياءُ، فقالَت: قَد رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ وعَلِيًّا - ﵄ - بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ، وعُثمانُ يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ وأنْ يُجمَعَ بَينَهُما، فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ علىٌّ أهَلَّ بهِما جَميعًا، قال: لَبَّيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجَّةً مَعًا. قال: فقالَ عثمانُ: تَرانِى أنهَى النّاسَ عن شَئٍ وتَفعَلُه أنتَ؟ قال: فقالَ: لَم أكُنْ لأَدَعَ سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِقَولِ أحَدٍ مِنَ النّاسِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٩٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٤٦) عن روح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٣٨/ ١٩٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٤٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٦٣).","vol":"9","page":353},{"text":"وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: اجتَمَعَ علىٌّ وعُثمانُ بعُسفانَ، وكانَ عثمانُ يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ، فقالَ له علىٌّ: ما تُريدُ إلَى أمرٍ فعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَنهَى عنه؟ قال: دَعنا مِنكَ. قال: إنِّي لا أستَطيعُ أن أدَعَكَ. فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ علىٌّ أهَلَّ بهِما جَميعًا (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَقيقٍ: كان عثمانُ - ﵁ - يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ، وكانَ علىٌّ يأمُرُ بها، فقالَ عثمانُ لِعَلِىٍّ كَلِمَةً، ثُمَّ قال علىٌّ: لَقَد عَلِمتَ أنّا قَد تَمَتَّعنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: أجَلْ، ولَكِنّا كُنّا خائفينَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٦) من طريق شعبة دون رد علىّ وما بعده.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٦٩)، ومسلم (١٢٢٣/ ١٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٢) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٢٣/ ١٥٨).","vol":"9","page":354},{"text":"٨٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن بَيانٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ قال: قُلتُ لإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ: إنِّي أَهُمُّ أن أجمَعَ العُمرَةَ والحَجَّ. فقالَ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيُّ: ولَكِنَّ أباكَ لَم يَكُنْ لِيَهُمَّ بذَلِكَ. وَقالَ إبراهيمُ التَّيمِىُّ عن أبيه أنَّه مَرَّ بأبِى ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - بالرَّبَذَةِ فذَكَرَ له ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: إنَّما كانَتْ لَنا خاصَّةً دونَكُم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مِهرانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابن أبي شيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: كانَتِ المُتعَةُ في الحَجِّ لأصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣)، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى بكرٍ قال: إنَّما كانَتْ مُتعَةُ الحَجِّ لَنا خاصَّةً (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨١١) من طريق بيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٢٤/ ١٦٣).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٨٧٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٨٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به بنحوه. والنسائي (٢٨١٠) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٩٥ من طريق شجاع بن الوليد به بنحوه.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٢٤/ ١٦٠).","vol":"9","page":355},{"text":"وإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ فسخَهُمُ الحَجَّ بالعُمرَةِ، وهو أنَّ بَعضَ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم هَدىٌ، فأمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَجعَلوه عُمرَةً؛ ليَنقُضَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ بذَلِكَ عادَتَهُم في تَحريمِ العُمرَةِ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ، وهَذا لا يَجوزُ اليَومَ.\nوقَد مَضَى في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عباسٍ وفِي رِوايَةِ مُرَقِّعٍ الأُسَيْدِىِّ عن أبي ذَرٍّ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٨٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، عن ابنِ أبي زائدَةَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، أن أبا ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ فيمَن حَجَّ ثُمَّ فسَخَها بعُمرَةٍ: لَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ إلَّا لِلرَّكبِ الَّذينَ كانوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٨٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] لَيسَ فيها عُمرَةٌ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٠٤، ٨٨٠٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٠٧). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٩٣): صحيح موقوف شاذ.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٧٩) عن أبي معاوية به.","vol":"9","page":356},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: أتَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ فقُلتُ: إنَّ امرأةً مِنّا أرادَت أنْ تَضُمَّ مَعَ حَجِّها عُمرَةً. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ﴾ فلا أَرَى هذه إلَّا أشهُرَ الحَجِّ (^١).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ الصُّبَىِّ بنِ مَعبَدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ صُوحانَ وسَلمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ أنَّهُما كَرِها ذَلِكَ حَتَّى بَيَّنَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - جَوازَها (^٢)، وكَراهيَةُ مَن كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ أظُنُّها على الوَجه الَّذِى رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ (^٣).\nفقَد رُوِىَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: نُسُكانِ أُحِبُّ أن يَكونَ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شَعَثٌ وسَفَرٌ (^٤). فثَبَتَ بالسُّنَّةِ الثّابِتَةِ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَوازُ التَّمَتُّعِ والقِرانِ والإِفرادِ، وثَبَتَ بمُضِىِّ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في حَجٍّ مُفرَدٍ، ثُمَّ باختِلافِ الصَّدرِ الأوَّلِ في كَراهيَةِ التَّمَتُّعِ والقِرانِ دونَ الإفرادِ كَونُ إفرادِ الحَجِّ عن العُمرَةِ أفضَلَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1975>بابُ هَدىِ المُتَمَتِّعِ بالعُمرَة إلىَ الحَجِّ وصَومِهِ</span>\n\n٨٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٥٠، ٤٥١، والطبراني (٩٢٠٩، ٩٧٠٣) من طريق قيس بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٣٤: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٥٣، ٨٩٢٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٩٤٣ - ٨٩٤٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٨٩٠).","vol":"9","page":357},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبيه، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ قال لِلنّاسِ: \"مَن كان مِنكُم أهدَى فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ مِن شَئٍ حَرُمَ حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حَجَّه، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ مِنكُم أهدَى، فليَطُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وليُقَصِّرْ وليَحلِلْ، ثُمَّ ليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ وليُهدِ، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا، فليَصُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ في الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِه\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ واصِلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قال: قال أبو كامِلٍ: حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ غياثٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنه سُئلَ عن مُتعَةِ الحاجِّ (^٣)، فقالَ: أهَلَّ المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ وأزواجُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وأهلَلْنا، فلَمّا قَدِمْنا مَكَّةَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلوا إهلالَكُم بالحَجِّ عُمرَةً إلَّا مَن قَلَّدَ الهَدىَ\". طُفنا بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وأَتَينا النِّساءَ، ولَبِسْنا الثّيابَ، وقالَ: \"مَن قَلَّدَ الهَدىَ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الهَدىُ مَحِلَّه\". ثُمَّ أمَرَنا عَشيَّةَ التَّرويَةِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٩٢٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٩١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٧/ ١٧٤).\n(^٣) في س، هامش الأصل: \"الحج\".","vol":"9","page":358},{"text":"أنْ نُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ، فإِذا فرَغْنا مِنَ المَناسِكِ جِئنا فطُفنا بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وقَد تَمَّ حَجُّنا وعَلَينا الهَدىُ كما قال اللَّه تَعالَى: ﴿فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] إلَى أمصارِكُم. والشّاةُ تَجْزِى، فجَمَعوا نُسُكَينِ في عامٍ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ أنزَلَه في كِتابِه وسُنَّةِ نَبيِّه، وأباحَه غَيرَ أهلِ مَكَّةَ، قال اللَّه ﷿: ﴿ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. وأشهُرُ الحَجِّ التي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ: شَوّالٌ وذو القَعدَةِ وذو الحِجَّةِ، فمَن تَمَتَّعَ في هذه الأشهُرِ فعَلَيه دَمٌ أو صَومٌ. والرَّفَثُ: الجِماعُ، والفُسوقُ: المَعاصِى، والجِدالُ: المِراءُ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^١).\n\n٨٩٥٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ المُطَرِّزُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ البَرّاءُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٢)، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابن عباسٍ مِثلَ مَعناه بطولِهِ (^٣). قال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ: هَكَذا قال القاسِمُ: عثمانُ بنُ سَعدٍ.\n\n٨٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، ثنا (^٤) النَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٧٢).\n(^٢) في س: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٦٢، ٦٣ من طريق الإسماعيلى به.\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٤: \"بن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، س، م، وهو كذلك في السنن الصغرى للمصنف.","vol":"9","page":359},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ وعَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وأمرِه إيّاهُم بالإِحلالِ بالعُمرَةِ وخُطبَتِه وقَولِه: \"ولَوِ استقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما سَقتُ الهَدىَ ولَحَلَلْتُ كما حَلُّوا، فمَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه هَدىٌ، فليَصُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِه، ومَن وجَدَ هَديًا فليَنحَرْ\". قال: فكُنّا نَنحَرُ الجَزورَ عن سَبعَةٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٨٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: مَنِ اعتَمَرَ في أشهُرِ الحَجِّ في شَوّالٍ أو ذِى القَعدَةِ أو ذِى الحِجَّةِ فقَد استَمتَعَ ووَجَبَ عَلَيه الهدىُ، أوِ الصّيامُ إنْ لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا (^٢).\nورُوِّينا في البابِ قَبلَه عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيه أنَّه قال في المُتعَةِ: أنَّها لا تَتِمُّ إلَّا أنْ يُهدِىَ صاحِبُها هَديًا، أو يَصومَ إن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ في الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِهِ، وأنَّ العُمرَةَ في غَيرِ أشهُرِ الحَجِّ تَتِمُّ بغَيرِ هَدْىٍ ولا صيامٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٣، وعنده: \"أحمد بن النضر بن عبد الوهاب\"، والمصنف في الصغرى (١٧٠٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٦) من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٣٤)، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٤ بنحوه.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٩٤٣).","vol":"9","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1976>بابُ ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ</span>\n\n٨٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ قالى: تَمَتَّعتُ، فنَهانِي ناسٌ عَنها، فسألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فأمَرَنِى بها، فرَجَعتُ إلَى بَيتِى فنِمتُ، فأتانِى آتٍ في المَنامِ فقالَ: عُمرَةٌ مُتَقَبَّلَةٌ وحَجٌّ مَبرورٌ. فأتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: اللَّه أكبَرُ! سُنَّةُ أبى القاسِمِ - ﷺ -. أو: سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وسُئلَ عَمّا استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ، فقالَ: جَزورٌ أو بَقَرَةٌ أو شاةٌ أو شِركٌ في دَمٍ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وذَكَرَ البخاريُّ رِوايَةَ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ شاةٌ ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ (^٣) [المائدة: ٩٥].\n\n٨٩٦٤ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن القاسِمِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ البَعيرُ أوِ البَقَرَةُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٨) من طريق شعبة به، وتقدم في (٨٩٣٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٤٢/ ٢٠٤)، والبخاري عقب (١٦٨٨)، كلاهما بدون موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٨ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٢٦) من طريق القاسم بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٩ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩١٧، ١٢٩٢٦) من طريق القاسم بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":361},{"text":"٨٩٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ كان يقولُ: ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ شاةٌ (^١).\n\n٨٩٦٦ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدىِ بَدَنَةٌ أو بَقَرَةٌ (^٢).\nوبِقَولِ عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ نَقولُ؛ لِوُقوعِ اسمِ الهَدىِ على الشّاةِ، وهو قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ والحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ وغَيرِهِم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1977>بابُ الإِعوازِ مِن هَدىِ المُتعَةِ ووَقتِ الصَّومِ</span>\n\n٨٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: الصّيامُ لِمَن تَمَتَّعَ بالعُمرَةِ إلَى الحَجِّ لِمَن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا، ما بَينَ أن يُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، فمَن لَم يَصُمْ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى ١/ ٣٨٥، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٥٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٠١ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٢٥) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى ١/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٣) ينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور (٣٠٣ - ٣٠٧، ٣٠٩ - تفسير)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة ٥/ ١٣١، ١٣٢، وتفسير ابن جرير ٣/ ٣٥٠ - ٣٥٣.","vol":"9","page":362},{"text":"صامَ أيّامَ مِنًى (^١).\n\n٨٩٦٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ينِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ. قال: وتابَعَه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣)، وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ الصّيامِ (^٤).\n\n٨٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عيسَى يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، وعن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّهُما قالا: لَم يُرَخَّصْ في أيّامِ التَّشريقِ أن تُصامَ إلَّا مَن لَم يَجِدِ الهَدىَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٦)، وهَذا هو الصحيحُ بهَذا اللَّفظِ وبِما مَضَى مِن لَفظِ حَديثِ مالكٍ.\n\n٨٩٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٣٧)، ومالك ١/ ٤٢٦.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٣٨)، ومالك ١/ ٤٢٦.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩٩٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٥٤٣ - ٨٥٤٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٥٤١).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٩٩٧، ١٩٩٨)، وتقدم عقب (٨٥٤٢).","vol":"9","page":363},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سَلَّامٍ البَصرِىُّ، أنَّ شُعبَةَ حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في المُتَمَتِّعِ إذا لَم يَجِدِ الهَدىَ ولَم يَصُمْ حَتَّى فاتَته أيّامُ العَشرِ أنْ يَصومَ أيّامَ التَّشريقِ مَكانَها (^١). كَذا رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سَلَّامٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢)، وابنُ أبي لَيلَى هذا هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عيسَى بنِ أبي لَيلَى.\nوأمّا الأخبارُ التي رُوِيَت في النَّهىِ عن صومِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ على الجُملَةِ، فقَد مَضَى ذِكرُها في كِتابِ الصّيامِ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ في قَولِه: ﴿فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] قال: قَبلَ التَّرويَةِ بيَومٍ ويَومُ التَّرويَةِ ويَومُ عَرَفَةَ (^٤).\n\n٨٩٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٤٣ عن محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (٢٩٣٨).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٠٣٠، ٨٣٣٢، ٨٥٣٦ - ٨٥٤٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٣٦٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤١٩ من طريق جعفر بن محمد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٦٦: حماد ضعفوه، والخبر منقطع.","vol":"9","page":364},{"text":"الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرٌ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: يَصومُ بعدَ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ إذا فاتَه الصَّومُ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٧٣ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: يَصومُ أيّامَ التَّشريقِ إذا فاتَه الصَّومُ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٧٤ - وعن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: لا يَصومُها إلَّا وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٤).\nحَديثُ ابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ مَوصولٌ، وقَد قالا في رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى عن الزُّهرِىِّ ما يَدُلُّ على الرُّخصَةِ، والرُّخصَةُ تكونُ بعدَ النَّهىِ على الجُملَةِ، وحَديثُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ عن علىٍّ مُنقَطِعٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٨٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو زَيدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي النَّوّارِ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ يُقالُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الدار بجردى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٤٣٦، ٤٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٢٤ من طريق سفيان به بلفظ: \"صامهن أيام التشريق\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٢٥ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٣٧) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٣٠ من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٢٥) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":365},{"text":"له: خُفافٌ (^١). قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن صَومِ ﴿ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. قال: إذا رَجَعتَ إلَى أهلِكَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: اختَلَفوا في اسمِ هذا الرَّجُلِ؛ فقيلَ هَكَذا، وقيلَ: أبو الخفافِ (^٣). وقيلَ: جبانُ (^٤) السُّلَمِىُّ صاحِبُ الدَّفينَةِ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِّينا هذا في الحَديثِ المَرفوعِ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه، وعن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وعن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٦).\n\n٨٩٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ هو البخاريُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى كُرَيبٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يَطوفُ الرَّجُلُ بالبَيتِ ما كان حَلالًا حَتَّى يُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ، فإِذا رَكِبَ إلَى عَرَفَةَ فمَنْ تَيَسَّرَ له هَديُه مِنَ الإِبِلِ أوِ البَقَرِ أوِ الغَنَمِ، ما تَيَسَّرَ له مِن ذَلِكَ، أىَّ ذَلِكَ شاءَ، غَيرَ إنْ لَم يَتَيَسَّرْ له فعَلَيه ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ في الحَجِّ، وذَلِكَ قَبلَ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، فإِنْ كان\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"خفاق\". والمثبت موافق لما في مصدرى التخريج.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٤/ ٣٧٤ - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٥/ ٣٣ - عن أبي سعيد ابن أبي عمرو به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الخفاق\".\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وأُثبت في المطبوعة \"حبان\" بالباء الموحدة عن تبصير المنتبه، وهو كذلك في مصدر التخريج. ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٦٩، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٥) ذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٥٢ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٨٩٥٧ - ٨٩٦٠).","vol":"9","page":366},{"text":"آخِرُ يَومٍ مِنَ الأيّامِ الثَّلاثَةِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ، فلا جُناحَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٨٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، حدثنا عبْدَةُ بنُ أبى لُبابَةَ، عن أبي يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّي قَد جَمَعتُ مَعَ حَجٍّ عُمرَةً. فقالَ: ما مَعَكَ مِنَ الوَرِقِ؟ قال: أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا. قال: لَيسَ في هَذِه فضلٌ؛ عَشَرَةٌ مِنها تَعلِفُ راحِلَتَكَ، وعَشَرَةٌ تَزوَّدُ بها، وعَشَرَةٌ تَكتَسِى بها، وعَشَرَةٌ تُكافِئُ بها أصحابَكَ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٥٢١).","vol":"9","page":367},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1978>جِماعُ أبواب المَواقيتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1979>بابُ ميقاتِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ والشَّامِ ونَجدٍ واليَمَنِ</span>\n\n٨٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُهِلُّ أهلُ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، ويُهِلُّ أهلُ الشّامِ مِنَ الجُحفَةِ، ويُهِلُّ أهلُ نَجدٍ مِن قَرْنٍ (^١) \". قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: وذُكِرَ لِى ولَم أسمَعْ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُهِلُّ أهلُ اليمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ (^٢) \". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٣)، وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: ويَزعُمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ: قال: وذُكِرَ لِى ولَم أسمَعْ، أنَّه وقَّتَ\n_________\n(^١) قرن بسكون الراء، هو قرن المنازل وقرن الثعالب، وهو تلقاء مكة، وهو ما يعرف اليوم باسم السيل الكبير، وهو على طريق الطائف من مكة، يبعد عن مكة ٨٠ كيلا، وعن الطائف ٥٣ كيلا. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٨٩، ومعجم البلدان ٤/ ٧١، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) يلملم: جبل على ليلتين من مكة، من جبال تهامة. معجم ما استعجم ٤/ ١٣٩٨، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ٣٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٥٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) الشافعي ٢/ ١٣٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٤٥).","vol":"9","page":368},{"text":"لأهلِ اليَمَنِ يَلَملَمَ. وكَذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ شَيبانَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٨٩٧٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهرانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: نادَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو في المَسجِدِ فقالَ: مِن أينَ تأمُرُنا أن نُهِلَّ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُهِلُّ أهلُ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، ويُهِلُّ أهلُ الشّامِ مِنَ الجُحفَةِ، ويُهِلُّ أهلُ نَجدٍ مِن قَرْنٍ\". قال: ويَقولونَ: \"وأَهلُ اليَمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ\" (^٣).\n\n٨٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ عن رِجالٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِنهُم مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٣٧٠٥) عن أحمد بن شيبان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٢٧)، ومسلم (١١٨٢/ ١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٨٧)، والترمذي (٨٣١) من طريق أيوب به، وقال: حسن صحيح. وابن حبان (٣٧٦١) من طرق عن نافع به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":369},{"text":"مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُهِلُّ أهلُ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، وأَهلُ الشّامِ مِنَ الجُحفَةِ، وأَهلُ نَجدٍ مِن قَرْنٍ\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ويُهِلُّ أهلُ اليَمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ القَعنَبِىِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: قال: وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: يَزعُمونَ أنَّه قال: \"ويُهِلُّ أهلُ اليَمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٨٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهلَ المَدينَةِ أنْ يُهِلّوا مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، وأهلَ الشّامِ مِنَ الجُحفَةِ، وأهلَ نَجدٍ مِن قَرْنٍ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: أمّا هَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثُ، فسَمِعتُهُنَّ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وقَد أُخبِرتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"وأَمّا أهلُ اليَمَنِ فيُهِلّونَ مِن يَلَملَمَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٣٠، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٧٣٧)، والنسائي (٢٦٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩١٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٦٥١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٢٥)، ومسلم (١١٨٢/ ١٣).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٣٠، ٣٣١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٥٩)، والبخاري (٧٣٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٣) من طرق عن عبد اللَّه بن دينار به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":370},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n٨٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ يونُسَ واللَّفظُ لِلأسوَدِ قالا: أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه أتَى ابنَ عُمَرَ في مَنزِلِه ولَه فُسطاطٌ وسُرادِقٌ، قال: فسألتُه: مِن أينَ يَجوزُ لِى أنْ أعتَمِرَ؟ قال: فرَضها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن قَرْنٍ لأهلِ نَجدٍ، ولأهلِ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، ولأهلِ الشّامِ مِنَ الجُحفَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1980>بابُ ميقاتِ أهلِ العِراقِ</span>\n\n٨٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ أبو نَصرٍ: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُسألُ عن المُهَلِّ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ، ثُمَّ انتَهَى. أُراه يُريدُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٨٢/ ١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٢١٨٥) من طريق زهير به. وأبو يعلى (٥٦١٠، ٥٧١٨) من طريق زيد بن جبير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٢٢).\n(^٤) قال القاضي عياض: قائل هذا أبو الزبير، وهو الذي انتهى، يعني عن تمام رفع الحديث إلى النبي - ﷺ -. ثم قال: أراه كما قال في الرواية الأخرى: أحسبه رفع إلى النبي ﵇. إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٨٩.","vol":"9","page":371},{"text":"فقالَ: \"مُهَلُّ أهلِ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، والطَّريقُ الآخَرُ الجُحفَةُ، ومُهَلُّ أهلِ العِراقِ مِن ذاتِ عِرقٍ (^١)، ومُهَلُّ أهلِ نَجدٍ مِن قَرنٍ، ومُهَلُّ أهلِ اليَمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وَهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ومُهَلُّ العِراقِ مِن ذاتِ عِرقٍ\". كَذا قالَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قيلَ عن ابنِ أبي الزِّنادِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ جابِرٌ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ ذَلِكَ في مُهَلِّ أهلِ العِراقِ:\n\n٨٩٨٥ - فقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الطَّوابيقِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسّانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ قال: لَمّا فُتِحَ هَذانِ المِصرانِ (^٥) أتَوا عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالوا: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) ذات عرق: هو الحد بين نجد وتهامة، وقيل: عرق جبل بطريق مكة ومنه ذات عرق. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٦٥١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٢) من طريق محمد بن بكر به. وأحمد (١٤٥٧٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٨٣/ ١٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦١٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وابن ماجه (٢٩١٥) من طريق أبى الزبير به، وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٢٧): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ إبراهيم بن يزيد الخوزى، قال فيه أحمد والنسائي وعلى بن جنيد: متروك الحديث. وقال الدارقطني: منكر الحديث. وقال ابن المديني وابن سعد: ضعيف.\n(^٥) يعني: البصرة والكوفة. هدى السارى ص ٢٧٣.","vol":"9","page":372},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَدَّ لأهلِ نَجدٍ مِن قَرنٍ، وهو يَجورُ (^١) عن طَريقِنا، فإِن أرَدْنا أن نأتِىَ قَرنًا شَقَّ عَلَينا. قال: فانظُروا حَذوَها مِن طَريقِكم (^٢). قال: فحَدَّ لَهُم ذاتَ عِرْقٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣). ورَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\nوإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ طاوُسٌ وجابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ أبو الشَّعثاءِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سيرينَ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَم يوَقِّتْه، وإِنَّما وُقِّتَ بَعدَه، واختارَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ (^٥)، وذَهَبَ عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ إلَى أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وقَّتَه، ولَم يُسنِدْه في رِوايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عَنه.\n\n٨٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَّتَ لأهلِ المَدينَةِ ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، ولأهلِ المَغرِبِ الجُحفَةَ، ولأهلِ المَشرِقِ ذاتَ عِرقٍ، ولأهلِ نَجدٍ قَرنً، ومَن سَلَكَ نَجدًا مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ وغَيرِهِم قَرنَىِ المَعادِنِ، ولأهلِ اليَمَنِ ألَملَمَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، والذي في البخاري: \"جور\". ومعنى عن طريقنا: أي هو منحرف ومنعدل عنه. شرح البخاري لابن بطال ٤/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) في س: \"طريقهم\".\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٥٣) من طريق يحيى به. وفى (١٤٢٥٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٣٨.\n(^٦) في س، والشافعي: \"يلملم\" وهما واحد. وينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣٣٩.\nوالأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٥٠)، وفيه: قرنى المعادل. بدلًا من: قرنى المعادن. والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٧، ونيه: قرن المنازل. بدلًا من: قرن المعادن. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٥١) من طريق =","vol":"9","page":373},{"text":"٨٩٨٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وسَعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: فراجَعتُ عَطاءً فقُلتُ له: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - زَعَموا - لَم يوَقِّتْ ذاتَ عِرقٍ ولَم يَكُنْ أهلُ مَشرِقٍ حينَئذٍ؟! قال: كَذَلِكَ سَمِعنا أنَّه وقَّتَ ذاتَ عِرقٍ أوِ العَقيقَ لأهلِ المَشرِقِ. قال: ولَم يَكُنْ عِراقٌ ولَكِن لأهلِ المَشرِقِ، ولَم يَعْزُه إلَى أحَدٍ دونَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ولَكِنَّه يأبَى إلَّا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وقَّتَه (^١). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن عَطاءٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا.\n\n٨٩٨٨ - وقَد رَواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ - وضَعْفُه ظاهِرٌ - عن عَطاءٍ وغَيرِه فوَصَلَه. أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وعن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وعَمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: وقَّتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأهلِ المَدينَةِ ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، ولأهلِ الشّامِ الجُحفَةَ، ولأهلِ اليمَنِ وأهلِ تِهامَةَ مِن يَلَملَمَ، ولأهلِ الطّائفِ - وهِىَ نَجدٌ - قَرْنًا، ولأهلِ العِراقِ ذاتَ عِرقٍ (^٢). وقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ في غَيرِ حَديثِ جابِرٍ.\n\n٨٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أبو غالِبِ ابنُ بنتِ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ بَهرامَ\n_________\n= ابن جريج به، مقصرًا على: لأهل العراق ذات عرق.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٥١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٩٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وتقدم من رواية أبى الزبير في (٨٩٨٣).","vol":"9","page":374},{"text":"بالمَدائنِ وأنا سألتُه، أخبرَنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ، عن أفلَحَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُهِلُّ أهلُ المَدينَةِ مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، وأَهلُ الشّامِ ومِصرَ مِن الجُحفَةِ، وأَهلُ اليَمَنِ مِن يَلَملَمَ، ولأهلِ العِراقِ ذاتُ عِرقٍ\" (^١). ورَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن هِشامٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n٨٩٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وقَّتَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - لأهلِ المَشرِقِ العَقيقَ (^٣).\n\n٨٩٩١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ السَّهمِىِّ، حدثنا زُرارَةُ بنُ كُرَيمِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أن الحارِثَ بنَ عمرٍو حَدَّثَه قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ، أو قال: بمِنًى، وقَد أطافَ به النّاسُ قال: وتَجِئُ الأعرابُ فإِذا رَأوْه قالوا: هذا وَجهٌ مُبارَكٌ. وَذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: فوَقَّتَ لأهلِ اليَمَنِ يَلَملَمَ أن يُهِلُّوا مِنها، وذاتَ عِرقٍ لأهلِ العِراقِ ولأهلِ المَشرِقِ (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٦٥٢) من طريق هشام بن بهرام به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٧٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٣١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٤٠)، وأحمد (٣٢٠٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (٨٣٢) من طريق وكيع به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨١).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٣٨، والطبراني (٣٣٥١) من طريق أبى معمر به، وعند =","vol":"9","page":375},{"text":"أبى مَعمَرٍ (^١).\nوإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n٨٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَّتَ لأهلِ المَشرِقِ ذاتَ عِرقٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1981>بابُ المَواقيتِ لأهلِها ولِكُلِّ مَن مَرَّ بها مِمَّن أرادَ حَجًّا أو عُمرَةً</span>\n\n٨٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ. وأخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وقَّتَ لأهلِ المَدينَةِ ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، ولأهلِ الشّامِ الجُحفَةَ، ولأهلِ نَجدٍ قَرنَ المَنازِلِ، ولأهلِ اليَمَنِ يَلَملَمَ، وقالَ: \"هُنَّ لَهُم ولِكُلِّ مَن أتَى عَلَيهِنَّ مِن غَيرِهِم مِمَّن أرادَ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ، ومَن كان دونَ ذَلِكَ فمِن حَيثُ أنشأ، حَتَّى أهلِ (^٢)\n_________\n= البخاري مختصر، وعندهما: أو قال لأهل المشرق. وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٢٥٧) من طريق عتبة به مطولًا، وعنده: أو لأهل الشرق.\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٤٢) مقتصرًا على ميقات أهل العراق. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٣٢).\n(^٢) ضبطت في الأصل بالكسر، وقال ابن حجر: يجوز فيه الرفع والكسر. فتح الباري ٣/ ٣٨٦.","vol":"9","page":376},{"text":"مَكَّةَ مِن مَكَّةَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1982>بابُ مَن كان أهلُه دُونَ الميقاتِ فميقاتُه مِن حَيثُ يَخرُجُ مِن أهلِهِ</span>\n\n٨٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو؛ قال يَحيَى: حدثنا، وقالَ محمدٌ: أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وأبو الرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وقَّتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأهلِ المَدينَةِ ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، ولأهلِ الشّامِ الجُحفَةَ، ولأهلِ نَجدٍ قَرنَ المَنازِلِ، ولأهلِ اليَمَنِ يَلَملَمَ؛ فهُنَّ لَهُنَّ ولِمَن أتَى عَلَيهِنَّ مِن غَيرِ أهلِهِنَّ مِمَّن يُريدُ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ، ومَن كان دونَهُنَّ فمُهَلُّه مِن أهلِه، وكَذَاكَ وكَذَاكَ حَتَّى أهلُ مَكَّةَ يُهِلُّونَ مِنها (^٣). لَفظ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظِ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٢)، والنسائي (٢٦٥٣) من طريق وهيب به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩١) من طريق ابن طاوس به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٢٤، ١٥٣٠، ١٨٤٥)، ومسلم (١١٨١/ ١٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٤٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٧٣٨)، والنسائي (٢٦٥٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٠) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"9","page":377},{"text":"وأبِى الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1983>بابُ مَن مَرَّ بالميقاتِ لا يُريدُ حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً ثُمَّ بَدا لَه</span>\n\n٨٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أهَلَّ مِنَ الفُرْعِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهَذا عِندَنا - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - أنَّه مَرَّ بميقاتِه لَم يُرِدْ حَجًّا ولا عَمرَةً، ثُمَّ بَدا له مِنَ الفُرْعِ فأهَلَّ مِنها، أو جاءَ الفُرعَ مِن مَكَّةَ أو غَيرِها، ثُمَّ بَدا له الإِهلالُ فأهَلَّ مِنها، وهو رَوَى الحَديثَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في المَواقيتِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1984>بابُ مَن مَرَّ بالميقاتِ يُريدُ حَجًّا أو عُمرَةً فجاوَزَه غَيرَ مُحرِمٍ ثُمَّ أحرَمَ دونَه</span>\n\n٨٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبي الشَّعْثاءِ، أنَّه رأى ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - يَرُدُّ مَن جاوَزَ المَواقيتَ غَيرَ مُحرِمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٢٦)، ومسلم (١١٨١/ ١١).\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٣١. والفرع: قرية من نواحى الربذة عن يسار السقيا، بينها وبين المدينة ثمانية برد على طريق مكة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٧٨.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٤٠. والحديث تقدم في (٨٩٧٨ - ٨٩٨٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٦٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٨.","vol":"9","page":378},{"text":"٨٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُهُما، أن أيّوبَ بنَ أبى تَميمَةَ أخبَرَهُم عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: مَن نَسِىَ مِن نُسُكِه شَيئًا أو تَرَكَه فليُهَرِقْ دَمًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1985>بابُ فضلِ مَن أهَلَّ مِنَ المَسجِدِ الأقصَى إلَى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ</span>\n\n٨٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ (ح) [وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عليٍّ المَعروفُ بابنِ عُروةَ البُندارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ] (^٢). وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يُحَنِّسَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي سُفيانَ الأخنَسِىِّ، عن جَدَّتِه حُكَيمَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أهَلَّ بحَجَّةٍ أو عُمْرَةٍ مِنَ المَسجِدِ الأقصَى إلَى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١١٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٤ من طريق أيوب به. وسيأتي في (٩٧٧٤).\n(^٢) كتب عليه في الأصل: \"لا - إلى\".","vol":"9","page":379},{"text":"وما تأَخَّرَ، أو (^١) وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ\" (^٢). شَكَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ أيَّتَهُما قالَ.\n\n٨٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أن يونُسَ أخبَرَه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أحرَمَ مِن إِيلِياءَ عامَ حُكمِ الحَكَمَينِ (^٣). قال أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى الصَّغانِىَّ: هذا مِمّا يُقالُ: سَمِعَ ابنُ شِهابٍ من (^٤) نافِعٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1986>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الإِحرامَ مِن دوَيرَةِ أهلِه، ومَنِ استَحَبَّ التّأخيرَ إلَى الميقاتِ خَوفًا مِن ألا يَضبِطَ</span>\n\n٩٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سلِمةَ المُرادِىِّ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ -: ما قَولُه: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦] قال: أن تُحرِمَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"و\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٢٧) عن الحاكم. وأبو داود (١٧٤١). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٧١: بعد ذكر بعض طرقه: فمن هي حكيمة؟ قلت: هي حكيمة بنت أمية بن الأخنس بن عبيد، أم حكيم، جدة يحيى بن أبي سفيان، وقيل: أمه، وقيل: خالته. ذكرها ابن حبان في \"الثقات\"، وقال الذهبي في الكاشف: وثقت. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب: مقبولة. روى لها أبو داود وابن ماجه. ينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٤/ ١٩٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٥٧، والكاشف ٢/ ٥٠٦، والتقريب ٢/ ٥٩٥. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ٢٥٣، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٠٦) من طريق نافع به.\nوكان التحكيم بعد وقعة صفين سنة سبع وثلاثين من الهجرة، وكان الحكمان أبا موسى الأشعري وعمرو بن العاص - ﵄ -.\n(^٤) في م، ص ٤: \"عن\".","vol":"9","page":380},{"text":"مِن دُوَيرَةِ أهلِكَ (^١).\nورُوِىَ هذا مِن حَديثِ أبى سلَمةَ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا وفيه نَظَرٌ:\n\n٩٠٠١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ بفَيْدٍ (^٢)، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ نوحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾. قال: \"مِن تَمامِ الحَجِّ أن تُحرِمَ مِن دُوَيرَةِ أهلِكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَمّا وقَّتَ المَواقيتَ قال: \"ليَستَمتِعِ المَرءُ بأَهلِه وثيابِه حَتَّى يأتِىَ كَذا وكَذا\". لِلمَواقيتِ (^٤)، وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٩٠٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الهَيّاجُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٧٧٧).\n(^٢) فيد: بلد عامر كان يمر به طريق حاج العراق خلال (١٣) قرنا، حتى انقطع هذا الطريق في منتصف هذا القرن أو بعده حوالى (١٣٦٣ هـ)، وتقع فيد جنوب حائل، وكانت على الحدود بين طيئ وأسد، طيئ شمالها، وأسد جنوبها. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٤٤، ومن طريقه المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٢٥) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به، وليس فيهما ذكر الآية. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٧١: سنده واه.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٦٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٨.","vol":"9","page":381},{"text":"بسطامَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، عن واصلِ بنِ السّائبِ الرَّقاشِىِّ، عن أبي سَورَةَ، عن عَمِّه أبى أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ليَستَمتِعْ أحَدُكُم بحِلِّه ما استَطاعَ، فإِنَّه لا يَدرِى ما يَعرِضُ في إحرامِه\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ. واصِلُ بنُ السّائبِ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ، قالَه البخاريُّ وغَيرُه (^٢).\nورُوِىَ فيه عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵄ -، وهو عن عثمانَ - ﵁ - مَشهورٌ، وإِن كان الإِسنادُ مُنقَطِعًا.\n\n٩٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا حاضِرُ بنُ مُطَهِّرٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ مُجّاعَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن الحَسَنِ أن عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ أحرَمَ مِنَ البَصرَةِ، فكَرِهَ له ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n٩٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى ببُخارَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بسطامَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ قال: ذَكَرَ مَسلَمَةُ (^٤) بنُ مُحارِبٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ كُرَيزٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى (١١٣٦) من طريق مكى بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٧٣، والتاريخ الصغير ٢/ ١٣٣، والضعفاء الصغير ص ١٢١. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣٠، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ٨٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٠١. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٢٨: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٢٩)، والطبراني ١٨/ ١٠٧ (٢٠٤) من طريق الحسن به، دون ذكر عمر. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٧١: مجاعة ضعيف.\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"مسلم\"، وفي حاشية الأصل كالمثبت. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٨٧.","vol":"9","page":382},{"text":"حينَ فتحَ خُراسانَ قال: لأجعَلَنَّ شُكرِى للَّهِ أن أخرُجَ مِن مَوضعِى مُحرِمًا. فأحرَمَ مِن نَيسابورَ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ على عثمانَ لامَه على ما صَنَعَ، وقالَ: لَيتَكَ تَضبِطُ مِنَ الوَقتِ الَّذِى يُحرِمُ مِنه النّاسُ (^١).\n\n٩٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمّارُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عامِرٍ مِن نَيسابورَ مُعتَمِرًا قَد أحرَمَ مِنها، وخَلَّفَ على خُراسانَ الأحنَفَ بنَ قَيسٍ، فلَمّا قَضَى عُمرَتَه أتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - وذَلِكَ في السَّنَةِ التي قُتِلَ فيها عثمانُ، فقالَ له عثمانُ: لَقَد غَرّرتَ بعُمرَتِكَ حينَ أحرَمتَ مِن نَيسابورَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1987>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ الإِهلالِ عِندَ التَّوَجُّه إلَى مِنًى إن كان بمَكَّةَ، أو عِندَ المُضِىِّ في سَفَرِه لِنُسُكِه إن كان بغَيرِها</span>\n\n٩٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ (^٢) عُمَرَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ رأيتُكَ تَصنَعُ أربَعًا لَم أرَ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِكَ يَصنَعُها. قال: ما هُنَّ يا ابنَ جُرَيجٍ؟ فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال فيه: ورأيتُكَ إذا كُنتَ بمَكَّةَ أهَلَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تاريخه ٤/ ٣١٤ من طريق مسلمة به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٢٥) من طريق الحسن أن ابن عامر مختصرا وفيه: أحرم من خراسان.\n(^٢) من هنا سقط في النسخة س إلى أثناء الحديث (٩٠٣٥).","vol":"9","page":383},{"text":"النّاسُ إذا رأوُا الهِلالَ، ولَم تُهِلَّ أنتَ حَتَّى يَكونَ يَومُ التَّرويَةِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: أمّا الإِهلالُ؛ فإِنِّى لَم أرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُهِلُّ حَتَّى تَنبَعِثَ به راحِلَتُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن داودَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قَدِمْنا نَصرُخُ بالحَجِّ صراخًا، فلَمّا طُفنا بالبَيتِ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلوها عُمرَةً\". فلَمّا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ أهلَلنا بالحَجِّ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٠٩ - وفِي حَديثِ عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَصرُخُ بالحَجِّ صُراخًا، فلَمّا قَدِمنا مَكَّةَ أمَرَنا أن نَجعَلَها عُمرَةً إلَّا مَن ساقَ الهَدىَ، فلَمّا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ ورُحنا إلَى مِنًى أهلَلْنا بالحَجِّ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٧٦، ١٣٧٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٥)، والبخاري (٥٨٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٦٥ من طريق أحمد بن يونس بنحوه، ولم يذكر قوله - ﷺ -: \"اجعلوها عمرة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٩٥) من طريق عبد الأعلى مختصرًا. وأحمد (١١٠١٤)، وابن حبان =","vol":"9","page":384},{"text":"القَواريرِىِّ (^١).\n\n٩٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدَكَ القَزّازُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو يُخبِرُ عن حَجَّةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، قال: فأمَرَنا بَعد ما طُفنا أن نَحِلَّ. قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِذا أرَدتُم تُم أن تَنطَلِقوا إلَى مِنًى فأَهِلّوا\". قال: فأهلَلْنا مِنَ البَطحَاءِ (^٢).\n\n٩٠١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n= (٣٧٩٣) من طريق داود به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٤٧/ ٢١١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٥٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤١٨) عن يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٤/ ١٣٩).","vol":"9","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1988>جِماعُ أبوابِ الإِحرامِ والتَّلبيَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1989>بابُ الغُسلِ لِلإِهلالِ</span>\n\n٩٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو زُنَيجٌ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في حَديثِ أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ حينَ نُفِسَت بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أبا بكرٍ يأمُرُها أن تَغتَسِلَ وتُهِلَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ (^٢). ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ هذا هو الأنصارِىُّ، وقَد مَضَى حَديثُ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ بطولِه في هذا وفِي غَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ وإِسماعيلُ الجُرجانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدانَ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: نُفِسَت أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ بمُحَمَّدِ (^٤) بنِ أبي بكرٍ، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠١). وأخرجه النسائي (٢١٤، ٣٩٠) من طريق جرير به. وابن ماجه (٢٩١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٤) من طريق جعفر به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٠/ ١١٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٩٦، ٥٦٨٩، ٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"محمد\".","vol":"9","page":386},{"text":"أن تَغتَسِلَ وتُهِلَّ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرُّوذْبارِىِّ. وفِي حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ: فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ أن يأمُرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ وتُهِلَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وهَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\nورَواه مالكٌ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ عائشةَ (^٣). ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - أنَّه خَرَجَ حاجًّا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^٤). وجَوَّدَه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وهو حافِظٌ ثِقَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٠١٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَن بنِ القاسِمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ أنَّها نُفِسَت بمُحَمَّدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، فسألَ أبو بكرِ - ﵁ - النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ فأمَرَه أن يأمُرَها أن تَغتَسِلَ وتُهِلَّ (^٥).\n\n٩٠١٥ - ورَوَى أبو غَزيَّةَ محمدُ بنُ موسَى، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٦)، عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٤٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩١١) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة بلفظ حديث أبى عبد اللَّه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٠٩/ ١٠٩).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٢٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٠٨٤)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٦٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٩١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦١٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٦٥٧). والطبراني ٢٤/ ١٤١ (٣٧٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وعند ابن أبي عاصم: وتصل. بدلا من: وتهل.\n(^٦) هو محمد بن موسى بن مسكين، أبو غزية. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٣٨، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٨٣، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٦٣٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤٩.","vol":"9","page":387},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اغتَسَلَ لإِحرامِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خالِدٍ أبو سُلَيمانَ المَخزومِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو غَزيَّةَ. فذَكَرَه. قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: هذا حَديثٌ غَريبٌ ما سَمِعناه إلَّا مِنه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِىَ عن غَيرِ أبى غَزيَّةَ.\n\n٩٠١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّكَّرِىُّ وكَتَبَه لِى بخَطِّه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الدَّلَّالُ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَروانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ شاذانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - تَجَرَّدَ لإِهلالِه واغتَسَلَ (^٢).\n\n٩٠١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ [أبى الطَّيِّبِ] (^٣) قال: قُرِئَ على أبى بكرِ ابنِ عَيّاشٍ وأنا أنظُرُ في هذا الكِتابِ فأقَرَّ به عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اغتَسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ لَبِسَ ثيابَه،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٠. وأخرجه الطبراني (٤٨٦٢) من طريق أبى غزية به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٧٣: هذا منكر.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٥) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) عند الحاكم: \"أبى طالب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٣٥٧.","vol":"9","page":388},{"text":"فلَمّا أتَى ذا الحُلَيفَةِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ قَعَدَ على بَعيرِه، فلَمّا استَوَى به على البَيداءِ أحرَمَ بالحَجِّ (^١). يَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n٩٠١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدانُ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إنَّ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن يَغتَسِلَ إذا أرادَ أن يُحرِمَ، وإِذا أرادَ أن يَدخُلَ مَكَّةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1990>بابُ ما جاءِ في تَوفيرِ شَعَرِ الرّأسِ لِلحِلاقِ في الاختيارِ</span>\n\n٩٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا أفطَرَ مِن رَمَضانَ وهو يُريدُ الحَجَّ، لَم يأخُذْ مِن رأسِه ولا مِن لِحيَتِه شَيئًا حَتَّى يَحُجَّ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٧، وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٩ من طريق الصغانى به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن عطاء بن أبي رباح مولى قريش، حجازى، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٩٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٦٣٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٥٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٧٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٧ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٠ من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٣٠)، والبزار (٦١٥٨) من طريق سهل بن يوسف به، مقتصرًا على ذكر الإحرام.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٧٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٥٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٦.","vol":"9","page":389},{"text":"جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نُؤمَرُ أن نوَفِّرَ السِّبالَ (^١) في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ (^٢). قال المُحارِبِىُّ: يَعنى يَومَ النَّحرِ عِندَ الحَلْقِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1991>بابُ ما يُحْرِمُ فيه مِنَ الثّيابِ</span>\n\n٩٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى كُرَيبٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: انطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ بعدَ ما تَرَجَّلَ وادَّهَنَ ولَبِسَ إزارَه ورِداءَه هو وأصحابُه، ولَم يَنهَ عن شَئٍ مِنَ الإزارِ والأرديَةِ تُلبَسُ، إلَّا المُزَعفَرَ الَّذِى يُردَعُ (^٣) على الجِلدِ، حَتَّى أصبَحَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكِبَ راحِلَتَه حَتَّى إذا استَوَت على البَيداءِ أهَلَّ هو وأصحابُه وقَلَّدَ بَدَنَتَه، وذَلِكَ لِخَمسٍ بَقِينَ مِن ذِى القَعدَةِ فقَدِمَ مَكَّةَ لأربَعٍ خَلوَنَ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فطافَ بالبَيتِ وسَعَى بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ولَم يَحِلَّ مِن أجلِ بُدنِه؛ لأنَّه قَد كان قَلَّدَها ونَزَلَ بأعلَى مَكَّةَ عِندَ الحَجُونِ (^٤) وهو مُهِلٌّ بالحَجِّ، ولَم يَقرَبِ الكَعبَةَ بعدَ\n_________\n(^١) السبال: جمع سبلة، وهى ما طال من شعر اللحية. والسبلة عند العرب مقدم اللحية وما أسبل منها على الصدر. النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٩، وفتح الباري ١٠/ ٣٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٠١)، والخطيب في الكفاية ١/ ٢٦٥ عن أبي الزبير عن جابر، ولفظ أبي داود: كنا نعفى السبال إلا في حج أو عمرة. وحسن إسناده ابن حجر في الفتح ١٠/ ٣٥٠. ولفظ الخطيب: ما كنا نعفى السبال إلا في حج أو عمرة.\n(^٣) ردعه بالشئ: لطخه به. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٤) الحجون: الثنية التي تفضى على مقبرة المعلاة، والمقبرة عن يمينها وشمالها مما يلى الأبطح، تسمى الثنية اليوم ريع الحجون. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٩٤.","vol":"9","page":390},{"text":"طَوافِه بها حَتَّى رَجَعَ مِن عَرَفَةَ، وأمَرَ أصحابَه أن يَطُوفُوا بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ ثُمَّ يُقَصِّروا مِن رُءوسِهِم ويَحِلّوا، وذَلِكَ لِمَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه بَدَنَةٌ قَد قَلَّدَها، ومَن كان مَعَه امرأتُه فهِىَ له حَلالٌ والطِّيبُ والثِّيابُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ (^٣) عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ بمَكَّةَ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو حُمَةَ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ موسَى بنُ طارِقٍ، عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن لَيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أحرَمَ في ثَوبَينِ قِطريَّينِ (^٦).\n\n٩٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠٣). وأخرجه أبو الشيخ في أخلاق النبي - ﷺ - وآدابه ص ١٨٦ من طريق المقدمى به مقتصرًا على أوله.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٤٥).\n(^٣) في الكامل: \"ثنا\". وهو خطأ، ينظر سؤالات البرقانى ص ٦١.\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٥) في ص ٤: \"أحمد\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٥٤٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٦٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٩/ ٤٧٤.\n(^٦) مثنى قِطرى بكسر القاف، ضرب من البرود فيه حمرة، ولها أعلام، فيها بعض الخشونة، وقيل: حلل جياد تحمل من قبل البحرين. النهاية ٤/ ٨٠.\nوالأثر عند ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٨٣.","vol":"9","page":391},{"text":"سُلَيمٍ، عن [عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^١) بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِن خَيرِ ثيابِكُمُ البَياضُ، فليَلبَسْها أحياؤُكُم وكَفِّنوا فيها مَوتاكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٩٠٢٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"البَسُوا مِن ثيابِكُمُ البَياضَ، فإِنَّها مِن خَيرِ ثيابِكُم\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1992>بابُ الطّيبِ لِلإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٩٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ أُطَيِّبُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لإِحرامِه قَبلَ أن يُحرِمَ، ولِحِلِّه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد الله بن عثمان\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٨٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٣٨٥ (٥٧٣ - شفاء العى)، وتقدم في (٦٠٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٩٤) من طريق بشر به، وقال: حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":392},{"text":"قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٠٢٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ (^٣) بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - وبَسَطَت يَدَيها وقالَت: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدَىَّ هاتَينِ لِحُرمِه حينَ أحرَمَ، ولِحِلِّه قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n٩٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٧٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥١، ومالك ١/ ٣٢٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٥٢٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٤٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٨٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧٦٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٣٩)، ومسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"النصرى\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨١) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٢٦٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وسيأتي في (٩٦٧٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٥٤).","vol":"9","page":393},{"text":"بيَدَىَّ هاتَينِ لِحُرمِه حينَ أحرَمَ، ولِحِلِّه قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ. زادَ الحُمَيدِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: فقيلَ لِسُفيانَ: سَمِعتَه مِنَ الزُّهرِىِّ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ المَكَّىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عُروةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِحُرمِه ولِحِلِّه. فقُلت لها: بأىِّ الطّيبِ؟ فقالَت: بأطيَبِ الطّيبِ (^٣). قالَ عثمانُ: ما رَوَى هِشامٌ هذا الحديثَ إلَّا عَنِّى. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ عن هِشامٍ عن أخيهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ الخُراسانِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُروةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُروةَ والقاسِمَ يُخبِرانِ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٨١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥١، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٢، والحميدى (٢١١). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٦٨٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٨٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٠٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٢٦٨٩) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٦)، والبخاري (٥٩٢٨).","vol":"9","page":394},{"text":"بذَريرَةٍ (^١) في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ لِلحِلِّ والإِحرامِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ أو محمدٌ عنه. يُقالُ: هو ابنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كأنَّما أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ (^٤) الطّيبِ في مَفرِقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٩٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ يَعنِى ابنَ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وَبيصِ الطِّيبِ في مَفارِقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو\n_________\n(^١) الذريرة: نوع من الطيب مجموع من أخلاط. التاج ١١/ ٣٦٧ (ذ ر ر).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤١، ٢٦٠٧٨)، من طريق ابن جريج به، وسيأتي في (٩٦٧٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٩٣٠)، ومسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٥).\n(^٤) الوبيص: البريق. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٥٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٨٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٧١، ٥٩١٨)، ومسلم (١١٩٠/ ٤٢).","vol":"9","page":395},{"text":"مُحرِمٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ الصِّبغِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ، حدثنا أَبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ المِسكِ في مَفارِقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، وعن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٦٢)، والنسائي (٢٦٩٣) من طريق سفيان به. ومسلم (١١٩٠/ ٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٥)، وابن حبان (٣٧٦٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٣٨).\n(^٣) في ص ٤، م: \"الضبعى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٢٢، وتوضيح المشتبه ٥/ ٤٠٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٢٩. وتقدم على الصواب في (٨٧٢٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠٦) عن الحاكم عن يحيى بن منصور وحده به. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣٧٦) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (٢٤١٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٦٩٢) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (١٧٤٦) من طريق الحسن بن عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٩٠/ عقب ٤٥).","vol":"9","page":396},{"text":"قالَت: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ الطّيبِ في مَفارِقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُحرِمٌ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ يَعنِى أبا عامِرٍ العَقَدِىَّ، عن سُفيانَ وسَعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ الطّيبِ في مَفرِقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعدَ ثَلاثٍ مِن إحرامِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن أبيه قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَتَطَيَّبُ ثُمَّ يُصبِحُ مُحرِمًا، قال: ما أُحِبُّ أن أُصبِحَ مُحرِمًا أنضَخُ طيبًا (^٤)، لأنْ أطَّلِىَ بزَعفَرانٍ أحَبُّ إلىَّ مِن أن أفعَلَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: أنا طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٨١) من طريق زهير به. وابن حبان (١٣٧٧) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائي (٢٦٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٦) من طريق الأعمش عن إبراهيم به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٧) من طريق الأعمش عن مسلم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٠) عقب (٤٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٧٠١) من طريق سفيان به، دون ذكر: من إحرامه. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٧٦: سنده حسن.\n(^٤) أنضخ طيبًا: أي يفور منى رائحة الطيب، وقيل بالحاء المهملة وهو أقل من المعجمة. حاشية السندى على النسائي ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٥) إلى هنا نهاية السقط من المخطوطة: س، والمشار إليه في أثناء الحديث (٩٠٠٧).","vol":"9","page":397},{"text":"عِندَ إحرامِه، ثُمَّ طافَ في نِسائه ثُمَّ أصبَحَ مُحرِمًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وأبِى كامِلٍ (^٢).\nوحَديثُ مَسروقٍ والأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - يَدُلُّ على بَقاءِ أثَرِه بعدَ اغتِسالِه وإِحرامِه، حَتَّى كان يُرَى وَبِيصُه في مَفارِقِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الغَمرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ أُطَيِّبُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالغاليَةِ (^٤) الجَيِّدَةِ عِندَ إحرامِهِ (^٥).\n\n٩٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٢٧٠) من طريق أبى عوانة به، دون ذكر: لأن أطلى بزعفران أحب إلى من أن أفعل ذلك. وأحمد (٢٥٤٢١)، وفيه: أطلى بقطران. بدلًا من: أطلى بزعفران، والبخاري (٢٦٧) دون ذكر قول ابن عمر، ومسلم (١١٩٢/ ٤٩)، وفيه: مطليا بقطران. بدلًا من: أطلى بزعفران، والنسائي (٤١٥)، ولفظه كما عند مسلم، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد به، وفيه: أتطيب بقطران. بدلًا من: أطلى بزعفران.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٢/ ٤٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٠٣٣).\n(^٤) في ص ٤، وعلل ابن أبي حاتم: \"بالعالية\". والغالية: طيب معروف، وإنما سميت بذلك لأنها أخلاط تغلى على النار مع بعضها. التاج ٣٩/ ١٨٤ (غ ل ى).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٢ عن على بن محمد المصرى، وفيه: ابن أبي العمر. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٢/ ١٣٠، وابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٨٤٤)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٢ من طريق ابن أبي الغمر به، قال أبو حاتم: منكر.","vol":"9","page":398},{"text":"الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ بنتَ سَعدٍ تَقولُ: طَيَّبتُ أبى عِندَ إحرامِه بالسُّكِّ (^١) والذَّريرَةِ.\n\n٩٠٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ مُحرِمًا، وإِنَّ على رأسِه لَمِثلَ الرُّبِّ (^٢) مِنَ الغاليَةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الطّيبِ عِندَ الإِحرامِ، فقالَ: أمّا أنا فأُسَغْسِغُه في رأسِى ثُمَّ أُحِبُّ بَقاءَه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو زَيدٍ والأصمَعِىُّ: السَّغسَغَةُ، هِىَ التَّرويَةُ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، س، م: \"بالمسك\". والسُّك: نوع من الطيب. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١١٠. والأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٨٥)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥١.\n(^٢) الرُّب: ما يطبخ من التمر. التاج ٢/ ٤٧٨ (ر ب ب).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٨٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥١.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٢١. وأخرجه إبراهيم بن إسحاق الحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٧١٢ من طريق عيينة به، وفيه: فأصغصغه بدلًا من: فأسغسغه. والسين والصاد يتعاقبان مع الغين والخاء والقاف والطاء. النهاية ٣/ ٣٣.","vol":"9","page":399},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وجَدَ ريحَ طيبٍ وهو بالشَّجَرَةِ (^١)، فقالَ: مِمَّن ريحُ هذا الطِّيبِ؟ فقالَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ: مِنِّى. يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: مِنكَ لَعَمرِى! فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ طيَّبَتنِى يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَتَرجِعَنَّ فلْتَغْسِلْهُ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الدَّيرَعاقولِيُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه وجَدَ مِن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ ريحَ طيبٍ وهو بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ وهُم حُجّاجٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: مِمَّن ريحُ هذا الطّيبِ؟ قال: شَئٌ طَيَّبَتنِى أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَعَمرِى أُقسِمُ باللَّهِ لَتَرجِعَنَّ إلَيها حَتَّى تَغسِلَه، فواللَّهِ لأنْ أجِدَ مِنَ المُحرِمِ ريحَ القَطِرانِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أجِدَ مِنه ريحَ الطّيبِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه لَم يَبلُغْه حَديثُ عائشةَ - ﵂ -، ولَو بَلَغَه لَرَجَعَ عنه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ ذَلِك كَيلا يَغتَرَّ به الجاهِلُ فيَتَوَهَّمَ أنَّ ابتِداءَ الطّيبِ يَجوزُ\n_________\n(^١) الشجرة: سمرة بذى الحليفة على ستة أميال من المدينة. شرح الزرقاني ٢/ ٣١٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"فلتغسلنه\".\nوالأثر عند مالك ١/ ٣٢٩، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٢٦، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٦٥٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٢٦ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حزم في حجة الوداع ص ٢٤٥ من طريق الزهري عن سالم عن أبيه مختصرًا.","vol":"9","page":400},{"text":"لِلمُحرِمِ، كما قال لِطَلحَةَ في الثَّوبِ المُمَشَّقِ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1993>بابُ النَّهىِ عن التَّزَعفُرِ لِلرَّجُلِ وإِن لَم يُرِدْ إحرامًا</span>\n\n٩٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَتَزَعفَرَ الرَّجُلُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الَّذِى يُعرَفُ بابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَتَزَعفَرَ الرَّجُلُ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الثوب الممشق: المصبوغ بالمِشْق، وهو الطين الأحمر. فتح الباري ١٣/ ٣٠٧.\nوسيأتي الأثر في (٩١٩٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٦٣٢٥) عن الحاكم.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٤٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٤٠)، والمعرفة (٢٧٨٩)، والآداب ص ٣٤٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٧٨)، وأبو داود (٤١٧٩)، والترمذي (٢٨١٥)، والنسائي (٥٢٧١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٤)، وابن حبان (٥٤٦٤) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٠١/. . .).","vol":"9","page":401},{"text":"٩٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن جَدَّيه زَيدٍ وزيادٍ، عن أبي موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ رَجُلٍ في جِلدِه مِنَ الخَلوقِ (^١) شَئٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ قال: قَدِمتُ على أهلِى لَيلًا وقَد تَشَقَّقَت يَداىَ، فخَلَّقونِي بزَعفَرانٍ، فغَدَوتُ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه فلَم يَرُدَّ عليَّ ولَم يُرَحِّبْ بى، وقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فاغسِلْ هذا عَنكَ\". فذَهَبتُ فغَسَلتُه ثُمَّ جِئتُ وقَد بَقِىَ عليَّ مِنه رَدْعٌ (^٣) فسَلَّمتُ فلَم يَرُدَّ عليَّ ولَم يُرَحِّبْ بى، فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فاغسِلْ هذا عَنكَ\". فغَسَلتُه ثُمَّ جِئتُ فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه فرَدَّ علىَّ ورَحَّبَ بى، وقالَ: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ لا تَحضُرُ جِنازَةَ الكافِرِ بخَيرٍ، ولا المُتَضَمِّخَ بالزَّعفَرانِ، ولا الجُنُبَ\". ورَخَّصَ لِلجُنُبِ إذا نامَ أو أكَلَ أو شَرِبَ أن يَتَوَضّأَ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الخلوق: طيب معروف من الزعفران وغيره يخلق به الرجل. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٢٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٧٨) من طريق أبى جعفر الرزاى به. وأحمد (١٩٦١٣) من طريق أبى جعفر عن الربيع عن جده به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٩٦).\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"ردغ\". وردع: لُمَعٌ من زعفران لم يعمه كله. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٦٩١.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١٧٦). وتقدم في (٩٩٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥١٩).","vol":"9","page":402},{"text":"أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ (^١)، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءِ بن أبي الخُوارِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ يَحيَى بنَ يَعمَرَ يُخبِرُ عن رَجُلٍ أخبَرَه عن عَمَّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، زَعَمَ عُمَرُ أن يَحيَى سَمَّى ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ فنَسِىَ عُمَرُ اسمَه، أنَّ عَمّارًا قال: تَخَلَّقتُ. بهَذِه القِصَّةِ. والأوَّلُ أثبَتُ. قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ: وهُم حُرُمٌ؟ قال: لا القَومُ مُقيمونَ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُختَصَرًا.\n\n٩٠٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السَّرّاجِ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لاتَقرَبُهُمُ المَلائِكَةُ بخَيرٍ (^٣): جِيفَةُ الكافِرِ، والمُتَضَمِّخُ بالخَلوقِ، والجُنُبُ، أن يَبدوَ له أن يأكُلَ أو يَنامَ، فليَتَوَضّأْ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1994>بابُ مَن أهَلَّ مُلَبِّدًا</span>\n\n٩٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أبى بكر\"، وفى ص ٤: \"بكير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٣٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٩٠) من طريق ابن جريج به، وليس عنده: قال: قلت لعمر. . . إلى آخره. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٢٠).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، وسنن أبي داود.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٨٠) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به، وليس عنده: عبد الرحمن بن السراج. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٢٢).","vol":"9","page":403},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُهِلُّ مُلَبِّدًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ (^٣) بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَبَّدَ رأسَه بالغِسلِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1995>بابُ الصَّلاةِ عِندَ الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٩٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا أرادَ الخُروجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ ادَّهَنَ\n_________\n(^١) التلبيد: جمع الشعر في الرأس بما يلزق بعضه ببعض كالغسول والخطمى والصمغ وشبهه لئلا يتشعث ويقمل في الإحرام. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٤.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (١٧٤٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٦٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي مطولًا في (٩١٠١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٤٠)، ومسلم (١١٨٤/ ٢١).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤، م.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: يحتمل من جهة المعنى: الغسل. بكسر الغين المعجمة، وهو ما يغسل به الرأس من خطمى وغيره، ويحتمل بالعين المهملة المفتوحة. وأما من حيث الرواية فلم يضبط لنا أوله\". اهـ. وقال ابن حجر: ضبطناه في روايتنا في سنن أبي داود بالمهملتين. فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٠٠.","vol":"9","page":404},{"text":"بدُهنٍ لَيسَ له رائحَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ، ثُمَّ يأتِي مَسجِدَ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ فيُصَلِّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَركَبُ فإِذا استَوت به راحِلَتُه قائمَةً أحرَمَ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1996>بابُ مَن قال: يُهِلُّ خَلفَ الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n٩٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ المُلائيُّ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ في دُبُرِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى خُصَيفُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجَزَرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عباسٍ: يا أبا العباسِ، عَجِبتُ لاختِلافِ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في إهلالِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أوجَبَ، فقالَ: إنِّي لأعلَمُ النّاسِ بذَلِكَ، إنَّها\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥١٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٥٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٩)، وفيه: لبَّى. بدلًا من: أهل، والترمذي (٨١٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٥٣) من طريق عبد السلام به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.","vol":"9","page":405},{"text":"إنَّما كانَت مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّةٌ واحِدَةٌ، فمِن هُناكَ اختَلَفوا، خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حاجًّا، فلَمّا صَلَّى في مَسجِدِه بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَيه أوجَبَه في مَجلِسِه (^١) أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ حينَ فرَغَ مِن رَكعَتَيه فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنه أقوامٌ فحَفِظَتْه عنه، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فلَمّا استَقَلَّت به ناقَتُه أهَلَّ وأَدرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنه أقوامٌ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ النّاسَ كانوا يأتونَ أرسَالًا فسَمِعوه حينَ استَقَلَّت به ناقَتُه يُهِلُّ، فقالوا: إنَّما أهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ استَقَلَّت به ناقَتُه. ثُمَّ مَضَى (^٢) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَمّا عَلا (^٣) شَرَفَ البَيداءِ أهَلَّ، وأَدرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنه أقوامٌ، فقالوا: إنَّما أهَلَّ حينَ عَلا (^٣) شَرَفَ البَيداءِ. وايمُ اللَّهِ لَقَد أوجَبَ في مُصَلَّاه، وأَهَلَّ حينَ استَقَلَّت به ناقَتُه، وأَهَلَّ حينَ عَلا شَرَفَ البَيداءِ. قال سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: فَمَن أخَذَ بقَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ أهَلَّ في مُصَلَّاه إذا فرَغَ مِن رَكعَتَيهِ (^٤). خُصَيفٌ الجَزَرِىُّ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٥)، وقَد رَواه الواقِدِىُّ بإِسنادٍ له عن ابنِ عباسٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لا تَنفَعُ مَتابَعَةُ الواقِدِىِّ (^٦)، والأحاديثُ التي ورَدَت في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِه أسانيدُها قَويَّةٌ ثابِتَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1997>بابُ مَن قال: يُهِلُّ إذا انبَعَثَت به راحِلَتُه</span>\n\n٩٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية س: \"مسجده\".\n(^٢) في س: \"نهض\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"على\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥١ وصححه، وأحمد (٢٣٥٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٧٠) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٣٦).\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٦٣).","vol":"9","page":406},{"text":"ابنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ رأيتُكَ تَصنَعُ أربَعًا لَم أرَ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِكَ يَصنَعُها، قال: ما هُنَّ يا ابنَ جُرَيجٍ؟ قال: رأَيتُكَ لا تَمَسُّ مِنَ الأركانِ إلَّا اليَمانيَينِ، ورأَيتُكَ تَلبَسُ النِّعالَ السِّبتيَّةَ، ورأَيتُكَ تَصبُغُ بالصُّفرَةِ، ورأَيتُكَ إذا كُنتَ بمَكَّةَ أهَلَّ النّاسُ إذا رأَوُا الهِلالَ ولَم تُهِلَّ أنتَ حَتَّى يَكونَ يَومُ التَّرويَةِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: أمّا الأركانُ فإِنِّى لَم أرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمَسُّ إلَّا اليَمانيَينِ، وأَمّا النِّعالُ السِّبتيَّةَ فإِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلبَسُ النِّعالَ التي لَيسَ فيها شَعَرٌ ويَتَوَضّأُ فيها، فأَنا أُحِبُّ أن ألبَسَها، وأَمّا الصُّفرَةُ فإِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصبُغُ بها فأَنا أُحِبُّ أن أصبُغَ بها، وأَمّا الاهلالُ فإِنِّى لَم أرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُهِلُّ حَتَّى تَنبَعِثَ به راحِلَتُه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرئُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ مُعاويَةَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٧٢)، ومالك ١/ ٣٣٣. وتقدم في (١٣٧٦، ١٣٧٧، ٩٠٠٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٥١)، ومسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٥).","vol":"9","page":407},{"text":"ابنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا أدخَلَ رِجلَه في الغَرزِ (^١) واستَوَت به ناقَتُه أهَلَّ مِن مَسجِدِ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاج قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنه كان يُخبِرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ حينَ استَوَت به (^٤) راحِلَتُه قائمَةً (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ الحَمّالِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٦).\n\n٩٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَركَبُ راحِلَتَه بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) الغرز: ركاب الرحل من جلد مخروز يعتمد عليه في الركوب. ينظر التاج ١٥/ ٢٥٣ (غ ر ز)\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٤٢) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٩١٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٦٥)، ومسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٧).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"ناقته أو\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٣٥)، والنسائي (٢٧٥٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) البخاري (١٥٥٢)، ومسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٨).","vol":"9","page":408},{"text":"يُهِلُّ حينَ تَستَوِى به قائمَةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: بَيداؤُكُم التي تكذِبونَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها، ما أهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا مِن عِندِ المَسجِدِ، يَعنى مَسجِدَ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٩٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان إذا قيلَ له: الإحرامُ مِنَ البَيداءِ؟ قال: البَيداءُ التي يَكذِبونَ فيها على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٩)، والبخاري (١٥١٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٧)، والنسائي (٢٧٥٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٦٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٧١) عن القعنبى به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦١١) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٤٢)، ومسلم (١١٨٦/ ٢٣).","vol":"9","page":409},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، واللَّهِ ما أهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا مِن عِندِ الشَّجَرَةِ حينَ قامَ به بَعيرُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي حَسّانَ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يُحَدِّثُ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ إهلالَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ حينَ استَوَت به راحِلَتُه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\nوحَديثُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ في إهلالِهِم مِنَ البَطحاءِ قَد مَضَى (^٥).\n\n٩٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طّاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ الخِرَقِيُّ (^٦)، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا، وصَلَّى العَصرَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ باتَ فيها، فلَمّا أصبَحَ واستَوَت به راحِلَتُه أهَلَّ (^٧). أخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٨١٨) من طريق حاتم به، دون ذكر: حين قام به بعيره.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٦/ ٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦١٢) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٨٥٨، ٩٠١٠).\n(^٦) في س: \"الحرقى\"، وفي م: \"الحرفى\". وتقدم في (٢٦٤٤، ٣٤٧٤).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٤٠)، وعنه أبو داود (١٧٧٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":410},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\n\n٩٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبى، سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ سَعدِ بن أبى وقّاصٍ قالَت: قال سَعدٌ - ﵁ -: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أخَذَ طَريقَ الفُرْعِ أهَلَّ إذا استَقَلَّت به راحِلَتُه، وإِذا أخَذَ طَريقَ الأُخرَى أهَلَّ إذا عَلا على شَرَفِ البَيداءِ (^٢). وَقالَ غَيرُه: طَريق أُحُدٍ.\n\n٩٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال أبو نَصرٍ يَعنِى عبدَ الوَهّابِ بنَ عَطاءٍ: سُئلَ سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ عن الرَّجُلِ إذا أرادَ أن يُحرِمَ في (^٣) مُصَلَّاه أو إذا استَوَت به راحِلَتُه؟ فأَخبَرَنا عن مَطَرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أحرَمَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ إذا استَوَت به راحِلَتُه البَيداءَ أحرَمَ عِندَ الظُّهرِ وأَهَلَّ بحَجٍّ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٧٥) من طريق وهب بن جرير به، وفيه: وإذا أخذ طريق أحد. بدلًا من: وإذا أخذ طريق الأخرى. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨٩).\n(^٣) في س: \"من\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٧٥٢)، والنسائي (٢٧٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠١) من طريق قتادة به بنحوه.","vol":"9","page":411},{"text":"وهِشامِ بنِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ عن قَتادَةَ، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: رَكِبَ راحِلَتَه، فلَمّا استَوَت به على البَيداءِ أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ: أحرَمَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1998>بابُ استِقبالِ القِبلَةِ عِندَ الإِهلالِ</span>\n\n٩٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا اَبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبيه، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا أتَى ذا الحُلَيفَةِ أمَرَ براحِلَتِه فرُحِلَت، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الغَداةَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ حَتَّى إذا استَوَت به استَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فأَهَلَّ، قال: ثُمَّ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ الحَرَمَ أمسَكَ حَتَّى إذا أتَى ذا طُوًى باتَ به. قال: فيُصَلِّى به الغَداةَ ثُمَّ يَغتَسِلُ، فزَعَمَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ الأكبَرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-1999>بابُ النيَّةِ في (^٤) الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٩٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ التَّميمِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وقّاصٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٤٣).\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٢٦١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٨٢)، ومسلم (١٢٥٩/ ٢٢٧) وأبو داود (١٨٦٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤٠) من طريق أيوب به، وليس عندهم موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٥٣).\n(^٤) في س: \"عند\".","vol":"9","page":412},{"text":"يقولُ: إنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنِّيَّةِ، وإِنَّما لامرِئٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى اللَّهِ [﷿، فهِجرَتُه إلَى اللَّهِ وإلى رسولِه] (^١)، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه لِدُنيا يُصيبُها أوِ امرأةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها، فهِجرَتُه إلَى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2000>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُسَمِّى في إهلالِه حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً وأنَّ النّيَّةَ تَكفِى مِنهُما</span>\n\n٩٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا نَذكُرُ حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: [يُلَبِّى لا يَذكُرُ] (^٥) حَجًّا ولا عُمرَةً. وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ كما مَضَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ورسوله فهجرته إلى الله ﷿ وإلى رسوله\"، وفي م: \"﷿ فهجرته إلى الله ورسوله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٣٥). وتقدم في (١٨٤، ١٨٥، ١٠٤٥، ١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٠٧)، والبخاري (١، ٥٤، ٢٥٢٩، ٣٨٩٨، ٦٦٨٩، ٦٩٥٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٨٩٣).\n(^٥) رسمت الكلمتان في الأصل بالياء والنون.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٩)، والبخاري (١٧٧٢)، وتقدم عقب (٨٨٩٢).","vol":"9","page":413},{"text":"٩٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرنِي أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فأهَلَّ بالتَّوحيدِ، وأهَلَّ النّاسُ بهَذا الَّذِى يُهِلّونَ (^١) به، فلَم يَرُدَّ (^٢) عَلَيهِم شَيئًا مِنه، ولَزِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَلبيَتَه. قال جابِرٌ: لَسنا نَنوِى إلَّا الحَجَّ، لَسنا نَعرِفُ العُمرَةَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رُقَيشٍ (^٥)، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: ما سَمَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في تَلبيَتِه حَجًّا قَطُّ ولا عُمرَةً (^٦).\n\n٩٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو (^٧) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) رسمت في الأصل بالياء والتاء.\n(^٢) في س: \"يزد\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٢٦) من طريق جعفر به، مقتصرًا على ذكر الإهلال. وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧) مطولًا من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٤: \"قيس\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٧٩٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٥. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٨٣: إبراهيم ضعيف.\n(^٧) في م: \"عمر\".","vol":"9","page":414},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ بحَجَّةٍ. فضرَبَ في صَدرِه، وقالَ: أتُعْلِمُ اللَّهَ ما في نَفسِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2001>بابُ مَن قال: يُسَمِّى الحَجَّ أوِ العُمرَةَ أو هُما عِندَ الإِهلالِ</span>\n\n٩٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ (^٢)، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرٍ وأبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قالا: قَدِمنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ نَصرُخُ بالحَجِّ صُراخًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ العَتَكِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَدِمنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعى - كما في المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٢٧٩٩) - من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٧٢٧) من طريق معلى بن أسد به. وأحمد (١١٧٠٩) من طريق وهيب به، وعندهما: عن أبي سعيد أو عن جابر بن عد الله. وتقدم في (٩٠٠٨) من طريق داود من حديث أبى سعيد وحده.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٤٨/ ٢١٢).","vol":"9","page":415},{"text":"ونَحنُ نَقولُ: لَبَّيكَ بالحَجِّ. فأمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجَعَلناها عُمرَةً (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٧٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَبَّينا بالحَجَّ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ شَقيقٍ عن يَزيدَ (^٤).\n\n٩٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا، والعَصرَ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ. قال أنَسٌ: وسَمِعتُهُم يَصرُخونَ بهِما جَميعًا الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٣١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٧٠)، ومسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٧٩)، والبخارى (١٦٥١) من طريق حبيب به، بلفظ: أهل النبي - ﷺ - هو وأصحابه بالحج. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٦٩٠، ٨٧٥٨، ٨٨٧٨، ٨٨٥٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٢٣٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٩٠٢).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٥٤٨).","vol":"9","page":416},{"text":"٩٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاد بنُ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ بحَجَّةٍ وعُمرَةٍ، فقالَ: \"لَبَّيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجَّةً\" (^١).\n\n٩٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن بكرٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّى بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ جَميعًا. قال حُمَيدٌ: قال بكرٌ: فحَدَّثتُ بذَلِكَ ابنَ عُمَرَ، فقالَ: لَبَّى بالحَجِّ وحدَه. فلَقِيتُ أنَسًا فحَدَّثتُه بقَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، فقالَ أنَسٌ: ما تَعُدّونَنا (^٢) إلَّا صِبيانًا، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَبيكَ عُمرَةً وحَجًّا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2002>بابُ مَن لَبَّى لا يُريدُ إحرامًا لَم يَصِرْ مُحرِمًا</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: رُوِىَ أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ لَقِىَ رَكْبًا (^٥) بالسّالِحين (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٧٠)، والترمذي (٨٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٦٩) من طريق حميد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٨٩٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"يعدوننا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٩٦) عن يزيد به دون قول أنس الأخير. وتقدم في (٨٨٩٩)، وينظر التمهيد ٥/ ٣٥.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٣٢/ ١٨٥).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٤، م: \"ركبانا\".\n(^٦) موضع بين الكوفة والقادسية قرب الحيرة. وقد خطَّأ ياقوت \"سالحين\"، وصوب: \"السيلحين\"، وذكر وجهين لاعرابها؛ أحدهما منعها من الصرف، والآخر إلحاقها بجمع المذكر السالم. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ١٧٢، ٢٩٨، ٢٩٩. وذكر في التاج ٦/ ٤٨١ أن الأكثر إلحاقها بجمع المذكر =","vol":"9","page":417},{"text":"مُحرِمينَ، فلَبَّوا ولَبَّى ابنُ مَسعودٍ وهو داخِلٌ الكوفَةَ (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنِّيّاتِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٠٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن عَبّادٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: حُدِّثتُ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لَمّا دَخَلَ بَيتَ المَقدِسِ قال: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2003>بابُ مَن أحرَمَ بنُسُكٍ فأرادَ أن يَفسَخَه لَم يَنفَسِخْ ولَم يَنصَرِفْ إلَى غَيرِهِ</span>\n\n٩٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيديُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَبيعَةَ بنَ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ بلالِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فسخُ الحَجِّ لَنا خاصَّةً أو لِمَن أتَى؟ قال: \"بَل هِىَ لَنا خاصَّةً\" (^٤).\n_________\n= السالم. وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٢٠٠.\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٥٥، وعنده: \"بالساحل\" بدل \"بالسالحين\". والمصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠١) مسندًا.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٤) وينظر مواضعه هناك.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه - كما في المطالب العالية (١٢٦٩) - من طريق يعلى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٥٣)، وأبو داود (١٨٠٨)، والنسائي (٢٨٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٤) من طريق =","vol":"9","page":418},{"text":"٩٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلْحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُرَقِّعُ الأُسَيِّدِىُّ (^١) وكانَ رَجُلًا مَرضيًّا (^٢)، أن أبا ذَرٍّ صاحِبَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: كانَت رُخصَةً لَنا لَيسَت لأحَدٍ بَعدَنا. يَعنِى فسْخَ الحَجِّ بالعُمرَةِ (^٣). قال يَحيَى: وحَقَّقَ ذَلِكَ عِندَنا أن أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ - لَم يَنقُضُوا الحَجَّ بعُمرَةٍ ولَم يُرَخِّصوا فيه لأحَدٍ، وكانوا هُم أعلمَ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وبِما فعَلَ في حَجِّه ذَلِكَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَعضَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2004>بابُ مَن أهَلَّ بما أهَلَّ به فُلانٌ انعَقَدَ إحرامُه بما انعَقَدَ به إحرامُ فُلانٍ</span>\n\n٩٠٧٩ - استِدْلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الخُلْدِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، أخبرَنا رَوحٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: عَطاءٌ أخبرَنِي قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىَّ قال: أهلَلنا أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ خالِصًا. قال: فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: فقَدِمَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - مِن سِعايَتِه، فقالَ له النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بم أهلَلتَ يا علىُّ؟ \". قال: بما أهَلَّ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"فأَهدِ، وامكُثْ حَرامًا كما أنتَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n= عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٩٦).\n(^١) في متن الأصل: \"الأسدى\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"صوابه: الأسيدى\".\n(^٢) في س: \"رضيا\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٠٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٦٩٠، ٨٧٥٨).","vol":"9","page":419},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىٍّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\nوحَديثُ أبى موسَى قَد مَضَى في ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٩٠٨٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي قَيسُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ طارِقَ بنَ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُنيخٌ بالبَطحاءِ، فقالَ لِي: \"بم أهلَلتَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ بإِهلالٍ كإِهلالِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال: \"أحسَنتَ\". فأمَرَنِي، فطُفتُ بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصَّحيحِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2005>بابُ رَفعِ الصَوتِ بالتَّلبيَةِ</span>\n\n٩٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، أن عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أخبَرَه، أن خَلَّادَ بنَ السّائبِ الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَه، أن أباه أخبَرَه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أتانِى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٥٧، ٧٣٦٧)، ومسلم (١٢١٦/ ١٤١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٩٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٧٤١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٦٥، ١٧٩٥)، ومسلم (١٢٢١/ ١٥٤).","vol":"9","page":420},{"text":"جِبريلُ ﵇ فأَمَرَنِى أن آمُرَ أصحابِى أن يَرفَعوا أصواتَهُم بالإِهلالِ. أو: بالتَّلبيَةِ\" أو أحَدِهِما (^١). عبدُ المَلِكِ هذا هو ابنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ.\n\n٩٠٨٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن، عن. وقالَ: \"وأَمَرَنِى أن آمُرَ أصحابِى - أو: مَن مَعِى - أن يرفَعوا أصواتَهُم بالتَّلبيَةِ. أو: بالإهلالِ\". يُريدُ أحَدَهُما (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ:\n\n٩٠٨٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّمْلِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ حَيّانَ، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ الملِكِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن خَلَّادِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ خَلَّادٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أتانِى جِبريلُ فأَمَرَنِى أن آمُرَ أصحابِى أن يَرفَعوا أصواتَهُم بالإِهلالِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٣٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٨١٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٩٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٢٦) عن الحاكم، وأبو جعفر الرزاز (٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٥٧، ١٦٥٦٩)، والترمذي (٨٢٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٢٥، ٢٦٢٧)، وابن حبان (٣٨٠٢) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":421},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحُمَيديُّ وغَيرُه عن سُفيانَ (^١).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه ولَم يَذكُرْ أبا خَلَّادٍ في إسنادِه (^٢)، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مالكٍ وابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن خَلَّادِ بنِ السّائبِ عن أبيه عن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. كَذَلِكَ قالَه البخاريُّ وغَيرُه (^٣).\n\n٩٠٨٤ - ورَواه المُطَّلِبُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ، عن خَلَّادِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: جاءَ جِبريلُ ﵇ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: مُرْ أصحابَكَ أن يَرفَعوا أصواتَهُم بالتَّلبيَةِ، فإنَّها شِعارُ الحَجِّ. حَدَّثَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ أبي لَبيدٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٩٠٨٥ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي لَبيدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتانِى جِبريلُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه.\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه وكيعٌ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٨٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٦٨)، والطبراني (٦٦٢٩). كلاهما بذكر أبى خلاد فيه.\n(^٣) العلل الكبير للترمذى عقب (٢٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٢٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٢٨)، وابن حبان (٣٨٠٣). =","vol":"9","page":422},{"text":"ورَواه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي لَبيدٍ وغَيرِه عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n٩٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أن محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى لَبيدٍ أخبَراه، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَرَنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ برَفعِ الصَّوتِ بالإِهلالِ؛ فإِنَّه مِن شَعائرِ الحَجِّ\" (^١).\n\n٩٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنْجِيُّ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بوادِى الأزرَقِ (^٢) قال: \"أيُّ وادٍ هَذا؟ \". فقالوا: وادِى الأزرَقِ. قال: \"كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى موسَى ﵇ هابِطًا مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ (^٣) له جُؤارٌ (^٤) إلَى اللَّهِ تَعالَى بالتَّلبيَةِ\". ثُمَّ أتَى\n_________\n= وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٣٦٥).\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٨٣١٤) من طريق أسامة عن عبد الله وحده به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٢٢٤: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) وادى الأزرق: واد خلف أمج إلى مكة بميل. معجم ما استعجم ١/ ١٤٦.\n(^٣) الثنية: هي ثنيَّة تُسلك من رأس حنين، وتسمى الثنية بلا إضافة، ولا زال هذا اسمها إلى اليوم. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٧٢.\n(^٤) الجؤار: رفع الصوت بالدعاء. تاج العروس ١٠/ ٣٤٧، ٢٨/ ١٩ (ج أ ر، أ ل ل).","vol":"9","page":423},{"text":"على ثَنيَّةِ هَرْشَى (^١) قال: \"أيُّ ثَنيَّةٍ هَذِهِ؟ \". قالوا: ثَنيَّةُ هَرْشَى. قال: \"كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى يونُسَ بنِ مَتَّى على ناقَةٍ حَمراءَ جَعدَةٍ (^٢)، عَلَيه جُبَّةُ صوفٍ خِطامُ ناقَتِه خُلبَةٌ (^٣) وهو يُلَبِّى\". قال هُشَيمٌ: يَعنِى ليفًا (^٤).\n\n٩٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وسُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٦).\n\n٩٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن محمدِ بن المُنكَدِرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَربوعٍ، عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: أيُّ العَمَلِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"العَجُّ والثَّجُّ\" (^٧). كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ثنية هرشى: ثنية في طريق مكة إلى المدينة قريبة من الجحفة يرى منها البحر. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٩٦٠.\n(^٢) جعدة: مجتمعة الخلق، شديدة الأسر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٣) الخُلبة: بفم الخاء وسكون اللام، يريد: بحبل ضُفِر من الخلب، وهو ليف النخل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٤) أحمد (١٨٥٤). وأخرجه مسلم (١٦٦/ ٢٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٩١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٢، ٢٦٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٠١، ٦٢١٩) من طريق داود به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٧٢٣) من طريق أحمد بن الحسن بن عبد الجبار به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٦٦/ ٢٦٨).\n(^٧) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٠، ٤٥١. وأخرجه الترمذي (٨٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣١) من طرق عن ابن أبي فديك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٣٦٦).","vol":"9","page":424},{"text":"أبى فُدَيكٍ.\n\n٩٠٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الأزْدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ ضِرارُ بنُ صُرَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَربوعٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: أىُّ الحَجِّ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"العَجُّ والثَّجُّ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو السَّوّاقُ البَلْخِيُّ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ.\nقال أبو عيسَى: سألتُ عنه البُخارِىَّ فقالَ: هو عِندِى مُرسَلٌ؛ محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَربوعٍ. قُلتُ: فمَن ذَكَرَ فيه سعيدًا؟ قال: هو خَطأٌ لَيسَ فيه: عن سعيدٍ. قُلتُ له: إنَّ ضِرارَ بنَ صُرَدٍ وغَيرَه رَوَوا عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ هذا الحديثَ وقالوا: عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبيه. قال: لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذا قالَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ فيما بَلَغَنا عَنه (^٢).\n\n٩٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حَريزٍ سَهلٌ مَولَى المُغيرَةِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٧٨٩) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٢) الترمذي عقب (٨٢٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\".","vol":"9","page":425},{"text":"أبى الغَيثِ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فما بَلَغْنا الرَّوحاءَ حَتَّى سَمِعتُ عامَّةَ النّاسِ قَد بَحَّت أصواتُهُم مِنَ التَّلبيَةِ (^١). أبو حَريزٍ هذا ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ صُهْبانَ - وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣) - عن أبي الزِّنادِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2006>بابُ التَّلبيَةِ في كُلِّ حالٍ وما يُستَحَبُّ مِن لُزومِها</span>\n\n٩٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبِيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزِيَّةَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن مُلَبٍّ يُلَبِّى إلَّا لَبَّى ما عن يَمينِه وعن شِمالِه مِن شَجَرٍ وحَجَرٍ، حَتَّى تَنقَطِعَ الأرضُ مِن هُنا وهُنا\". يَعنِى: عن يَمينِه، وعن (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٧) عن الحاكم. وعنده: \"عبد الله وجرير\" بدلًا من: \"عبيد الله وحريز\".\n(^٢) ويقال له: مولى الزهري. قال ابن حبان: لا يجوز الاحتجاج به بحال. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٣٤٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٢٤١، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ١٢٣، ١٢٤.\n(^٣) ويقال عمر بن محمد بن صهبان الأسلمي. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٦٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١١٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ٨١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٩٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٥٨: ضعيف.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٨)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٦٤١٨).\n(^٥) ليس في: م.","vol":"9","page":426},{"text":"شِمالِه (^١).\n\n٩٠٩٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ [الهَمَذانيُّ بهَمَذَانَ] (^٢)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أضحَى مُؤمِنٌ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ إلَّا غابَت بذُنوبِه حَتَّى يَعودَ كما ولَدَته أُمُّه\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قُلتُ لِلثَّورِىِّ: مِن أينَ لَكَ عاصِمٌ؟ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا الكوفَةَ زَمانَ عبدِ العَزيزِ فحَدَّثَنا (^٣).\n\n٩٠٩٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٩٠٩٥ - وقَد قيلَ في هذا: عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أضحَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٤) من طريق عبيدة به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٢١) من طريق عمارة بن غزية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٦٦٢).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"بهَمْدان\"، وفى س: \"الهمذانى\"، وفى ص ٤: \"الهَمْدانى بهَمْدان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٢٨) من طريق الثوري به دون قول عبد الله بن عمر. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٨٧: عاصم ضُعِّف.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٦٩، والخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ١٥٩ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر عن عاصم به. وعند الخطيب: \"حتى يعود كما بدأ\".","vol":"9","page":427},{"text":"يَومًا مُلَبّيًا حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ غَرَبَت بذُنوبه فعادَ كما ولَدَته أُمُّه\". حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ الخَيّاطُ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٩٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يُلَبِّى راكِبًا ونازِلًا ومُضطَجِعًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2007>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ تَركَ التَّلبيَةِ في طَوافِ القُدومِ وعَلَى الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ومَن رآها واسِعَةً</span>\n\n٩٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ لا يُلَبِّى وهو يَطوفُ حَولَ البَيتِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وأمّا الصَّفا والمَروَةُ فقَد قال الشّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى: الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في الوُقوفِ عَلَيهِما دُعاءٌ وتَكبيرٌ، وفِي السَّعىِ بَينَهُما دُعاءٌ فأستَحِبُّ أن أفعَلَ مِن هذا ما فعَلَ، مِن غَيرِ أن تَكونَ التَّلبيَةُ بَينَهُما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٠٨) من طريق حماد الخياط به. وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٥) من طريق عاصم بن عمر به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٣٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ لضعف عاصم بن عمر وعاصم بن عبيد الله.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٧.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٣٨. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٠٩) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"9","page":428},{"text":"مَكروهَةً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا بَيِّنٌ في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في صِفَةِ حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n٩٠٩٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه قامَ على الشِّقِّ الَّذِى على الصَّفا فلَبَّى، فقُلتُ: إنِّي نُهيتُ عن التَّلبيَةِ. فقالَ: ولَكِنِّى آمُرُكَ بها؛ كانَتِ التَّلبيَةُ استِجابَةً استَجابَها إبراهيمُ ﵇ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2008>بابُ كَيفَ التَّلبيَةُ</span>\n\n٩٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٨٠٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٣٥١، ٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (٩٤٢٥).","vol":"9","page":429},{"text":"ابنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن تَلبيَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَزيدُ فيها: لَبَّيكَ لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، والخَيرُ بيَدَيكَ، لَبَّيكَ والرَّغباءُ (^١) إلَيكَ والعَمَلُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩١٠٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ سَجّادَةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ ونافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وحَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا استَوَت به راحِلَتُه قائمَةً عِندَ مَسجِدِ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ أهَلَّ فقالَ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يقولُ: هذه تَلبيةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال نافِعٌ: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَزيدُ مَعَ هذا: لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، والخَيرُ بيَدَيكَ، لَبَّيكَ\n_________\n(^١) الرَّغباء من الرغبة، وهى الطلب. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٨/ ٨٨، وهدى السارى ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨١٠)، والصغرى (١٥٢٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٥، ومالك ١/ ٣٣١ ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٨٩٦)، وأبو داود (١٨١٢)، والنسائي (٢٧٤٨)، وابن حبان (٣٧٩٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٤٩)، ومسلم (١١٨٤/ ١٩).","vol":"9","page":430},{"text":"والرَّغباءُ إلَيكَ والعَمَلُ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىِّ (^٢).\n\n٩١٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، قالا: حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أخبرَنِي عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُهِلُّ مُلَبِّدًا يقولُ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". لا يَزيدُ على هَؤُلاءِ الكَلِماتِ. وأنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَركَعُ بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ إذا استَوَت به راحِلَتُه قائمَةً عِندَ مَسجِدِ ذِى الحُلَيفَةِ أهَلَّ بهَؤُلاءِ الكَلِماتِ. وَكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُهِلُّ بإِهلالِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن هَؤُلاءِ الكَلِماتِ ويَقولُ: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ، والخَيرُ في يَدَيكَ، لَبَّيكَ والرَّغباءُ إلَيكَ والعَمَلُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المسند المستخرج (٢٧٠٥) من طريق محمد بن عباد به. وابن خزيمة (٢٧١٦) من طريق موسى بن عقبة عن نافع به. ومسلم (١١٨٤/. . .) من طريق نافع به. وليس عند ابن خزيمة قول نافع.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٤/ ٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٤٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٦٠٢١)، والبخاري (٥٩١٥) من طريق يونس به. وليس عند النسائي قول ابن عمر عن عمر. وعند أحمد والبخاري مختصر.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٨٤/ ٢١).","vol":"9","page":431},{"text":"٩١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَرُوبَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا الفِرْيابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنِّى لأعلَمُ كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّى: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِيِّ (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه أبو مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ. وقالَ البخاريُّ: وقالَ شُعبَةُ: عن الأعمَشِ عن خَيثَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n٩١٠٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ خَيثَمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي عَطيَّةَ الوادِعِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: واللَّهِ إنِّى لأعلَمُ كَيفَ كانَت تَلبيَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. ثُمَّ سَمِعتُها تُلَبِّى: لبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ (^٤).\n\n٩١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٨٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٥٠).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (١٥٥٠).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٦١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٩٠) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"9","page":432},{"text":"أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: أتَينا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو في بَنِى سَلِمَةَ فسألناه عن حَجَّةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وخَرَجنا مَعَه، حَتَّى استَوَت ناقَتُه على البَيداءِ أهَلَّ بالتَّوحيدِ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". قال: والنّاسُ يَزيدونَ: ذا المَعارِجِ. ونَحوَه مِنَ الكَلامِ، والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَسمَعُ فلا يقولُ لَهُم شيئًا (^١).\n\n٩١٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ أُنَيفٍ البخاريُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: ولَبَّى النّاسُ: لَبَّيكَ ذا المَعارِجِ. و: لَبَّيكَ ذا الفَواضِلِ. فلَم يَعِبْ على أحَدٍ مِنهُم شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n٩١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الفَضلِ حَدَّثَه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: كان مِن تَلبيَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَبَّيكَ إلَهَ الحَقِّ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به مطولًا. وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧) مطولًا.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (١٦٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٩، ٤٥٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٨٤٩٧)،=","vol":"9","page":433},{"text":"وأخبرَنا به في فوائدِ أبى العباسِ فقالَ: عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مِن تَلبيَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَبَّيكَ إلَهَ الحَقِّ لَبَّيكَ\" (^١).\n\n٩١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ يوسُفُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ الجَهضمِيُّ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا داودُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ بعَرَفاتٍ، فلَمّا قال: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ\". قال: \"إنَّما الخَيرُ خَيرُ الآخِرَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدٌ الأعرَجُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُظهِرُ مِنَ التَّلبيَةِ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ\". فذَكَرَ التَّلبيَةَ، قال: حَتَّى إذا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ والنّاسُ يُصرَفونَ عنه، كأنَّه أعجَبَه ما هو فيه فزادَ فيها: \"لَبَّيكَ إنَّ العَيشَ عَيشُ الآخِرَةِ\". قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وحَسِبتُ أن ذَلِكَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n= والنسائي (٢٧٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٢٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٥٧٩).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٠٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٢٨٣١). وعنده: \"جميل بن حسن\". بدلًا من: \"نصر بن علي\". وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٤٧٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٥، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥٤١٩) من طريق جميل بن الحسن عن محبوب به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٢٣: وإسناده حسن.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨١٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٦.","vol":"9","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2009>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الاقتِصارَ على تَلبيَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n٩١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ الأزهَرِ المِهرَجانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ، حدثنا المُعافَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَعْنٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سلِمةَ أو ابنِ أبي سلَمةَ، أن سَعدًا أبصرَ بَعضَ بَنى أخيه وهو يُلَبِّى بذِى المَعارِجِ. قال سَعدٌ: إنَّه لَذو المَعارِجِ، وما هَكَذا كُنّا نُلَبِّى على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nرَواه غَيرُه عن القاسِمِ فقالَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2010>بابُ ما كان المُشرِكونَ يَقولونَ في التَّلبيَةِ</span>\n\n٩١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ، عن أبي زُمَيلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ المُشرِكينَ كانوا يَطوفونَ بالبَيتِ فيَقولونَ: لبَّيكَ لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ. فيَقولُ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"قَدٍ قَدٍ\" (^٣). فيَقولونَ: إلَّا شَريكٌ هو لَكَ، تَملِكُه وما مَلَكَ. ويَقولونَ: غُفرانَكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٥) من طريق ابن عجلان عن عبد الله بن أبي سلمة به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ٣٨٥. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٢٣: ورجاله رجال الصحيح إلا أن عبد الله لم يسمع من سعد بن أبي وقاص، والله أعلم.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٣) روى بإسكان الدال وكسرها بالتنوين، ومعناه: كفاكم هذا الكلام الصحيح المستقيم الحق، إنكارا لما كانوا يذيلون به قولهم. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ١٨٣.","vol":"9","page":435},{"text":"غُفرانَكَ. قال: فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأَنْتَ فِيهِمْ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٣]. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: كان فيهِم أمانانِ؛ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والاستِغفارُ. قال: فذَهَبَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وبَقِىَ الاستِغفارُ، ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَا كَانُوا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ إِنْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٤]. قال: فهَذا عَذابُ الآخِرَةِ، وذَلِكَ عَذابُ الدُّنيا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ النَّضرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ مُختَصَرًا دونَ قَولِهِم: غُفرانَكَ. إلَى آخِرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2011>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ القَولِ في إثْرِ التَّلبيَةِ</span>\n\n٩١١١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلْخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ كاسِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ رُسْتَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأمَوِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ صالِحَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ زائدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا فرَغَ مِن تَلبيَتِه سألَ اللَّهَ رِضوانَه ومَغفِرَتَه، واستَعاذَ برَحمَتِه مِنَ النّارِ. قال صالِحٌ: وسَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: كان يُؤمَرُ إذا فرَغَ مِن تَلبيَتِه أن يُصَلِّىَ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ١١/ ١٥٠، ١٥١، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٩١ من طريق أبى حذيفة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٥).","vol":"9","page":436},{"text":"الأصبَهانِيِّ، ولَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ الحِكايَةَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2012>بابُ المَرأةِ لا تَرفَعُ صَوتَها بالتَّلبيَةِ</span>\nاستِدْلالًا بما مَضَى مِن قَولِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"التَّسبيحُ لِلرِّجالِ والتَّصفيقُ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لا تَصعَدِ المَرأةُ فوقَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ولا تَرفَعْ صَوتَها بالتَّلبيَةِ (^٤). مَوقوفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2013>بابُ المَرأةِ لا تَتَنَقَّبُ في إحرامِها ولا تَلبَسُ القُفّازَينِ</span>\n\n٩١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ماذا تأمُرُنا أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٧٢١)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٨ من طريق يعقوب بن كاسب به. والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٧ من طريق صالح بن محمد بن زائدة به. وليس عند الطبراني قول صالح. وعند الدارقطني: كان يستحب للرجل إذا فرغ من تلبيته. . . وعند الشافعي عقب الحديث: أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد أن القاسم بن محمد كان يأمر إذا فرغ من التلبية أن يصلى على محمد النبي - ﷺ -. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٧٩٠: صالح لين، والأموى فيه جهالة.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٣٧٦ - ٣٣٨١).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٥.","vol":"9","page":437},{"text":"نَلبَسَ مِنَ الثّيابِ لِلمُحرِمِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَلبَسوا القُمُصَ ولا السَّراوِيلاتِ ولا العَمائمَ ولا البَرانِسَ ولا الخِفافَ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ أحَدٌ لَيسَ له نَعلانِ فلْيَلبَسِ (^١) الخُفَّينِ ما أسفَلَ مِنَ الكعبَينِ، ولا تَلبَسوا شَيئًا مِنَ الثّيابِ مَسَّه الزَّعفَرانُ ولا الوَرْسُ (^٢)، ولا تَتَنَقَّبِ (^٣) المَرأَةُ المُحرِمَةُ ولا تَلبَسِ القُفّازَينِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئِ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ. قال البخاريُّ: وتابَعَه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ وجوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ وابنُ إسحاقَ - يَعنِى عن نافِعٍ - في النِّقابِ والقُفّازَينِ (^٥).\n\n٩١١٤ - وأمّا حَديثُ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ: فأخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ مِهرانَ الجَمّالُ (^٦)، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ هو ابنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رَجُلًا قامَ فنادَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ماذا تأمُرُنا نَلبَسُه مِنَ الثّيابِ في الإِحرامِ؟ فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ، زادَ: قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يأمُرُ المَرأةَ بزَرِّ (^٧) الجِلبابِ إلَى جَبهَتِها.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فيلبس\".\n(^٢) الورس: نبات باليمن أصفر يصبغ به. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٧٣، وفتح الباري ٤/ ٥٤.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤، م: \"تنتقب\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٨٢٥)، والترمذي (٨٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٦٥٣، ٥٨٧٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٨٣٨).\n(^٦) في م: \"الحمال\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٨٣، ٨٤.\n(^٧) في ص ٤: \"تزر\".","vol":"9","page":438},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ وجَماعَةٌ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^١).\n\n٩١١٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن تَتَنَقَّبَ (^٢) المَرأةُ وتَلبَسَ القُفّازَينِ وهىَ مُحرِمَةٌ.\n\n٩١١٦ - وأمّا حَديثُ جوَيريَةَ بنِ أسماءَ فأخبَرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ ينِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنِى جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ قال: قامَ رَجُلٌ فنادَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ماذا تأمُرُنا أن نَلبَسَ مِنَ الثّيابِ إذا أحرَمنا؟ فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٩١١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تتَنَقَّبِ المَرأَةُ المُحرِمَةُ، ولا تَلبَسِ القُفّازَينِ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٦٨٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٩) من طريق ابن جريج عن موسى به. وهو في حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (٩٦) من طريق داود العطار عن موسى به.\n(^٢) في م: \"تنتقب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى - كما في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ١٢٨، ١٢٩ - من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به.","vol":"9","page":439},{"text":"٩١١٨ - وأمّا حَديثُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنَهى النِّساءَ في إحرامِهِنَّ عن القُفّازَينِ والنِّقابِ وما مَسَّ الوَرْسَ والزَّعفَرانَ مِنَ الثّيابِ، ولتَلبَسْ بعدَ ذَلِكَ ما أحَبَّت مِن أنواعِ الثّيابِ؛ مُعَصفَرٍ أو خَزٍّ أو حُلِىٍّ أو سَراويلَ أو قَميصٍ أو خُفٍّ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ المَدينِيُّ عن نافِعٍ:\n\n٩١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ المَدينِيُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُحرِمَةُ لا تَتَنَقَّبُ (^٢) ولا تَلبَسُ القُفّازَينِ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وأيّوبُ عن نافِعٍ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عُمَرَ: المُحرِمَةُ لا تَتَنَقَّبُ (٢) ولا تَلبَسُ القُفّازَينِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ساقَ الحديثَ إلَى قَولِه: \"ولا وَرْسٌ\". ثُمَّ قال: وكانَ يقولُ: لا تَتَنَقَّبِ (٢) المُحرِمَةُ ولا تَلبَسِ القُفّازَينِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: قال أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ: لا تَتَنَقَّبِ (٢)\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩١٤٨).\n(^٢) في ص ٤، م: \"تنتقب\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٨٢٦). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١١).","vol":"9","page":440},{"text":"المَرأةُ. مِن قَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، وقَد أُدرِج في الحَديثِ.\n\n٩١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إحرامُ المَرأةِ في وجهِها، وإِحرامُ الرَّجُلِ في رأسِهِ (^١). هَكَذا رَواه الدَّراوَردِىُّ وغَيرُه مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٩١٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ حَسنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ اليَمامِيُّ أبو الجَمَلِ. وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ أبو الجَمَلِ ثِقَةٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على المَرأَةِ حُرْمٌ (^٢) إلَّا في وجهِها\". قال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ: لا أعلَمُه يَرفَعُه عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ غَيرُ أبى الجَمَلِ هَذا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وأيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ أبو الجَمَلِ ضَعيفٌ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩٤ مرفوعًا. وذكره في العلل ١٣/ ٤٨ عن هشام فيمن ذكره موقوفًا. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٤/ ٧.\n(^٢) الحرم بضم فسكون: الإحرام بالحج. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٣) الكامل ١/ ٣٤٩. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦١٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به مرفوعًا، وفى الكبير (١٣٣٧٥) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به موقوفًا على ابن عمر.","vol":"9","page":441},{"text":"بالحَديثِ (^١)، قَد ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه (^٢)، وقَد رُوِىَ هذا الحَديثُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَجهولٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، والمَحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٩١٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشكِ، عن مُعاذَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: المُحرِمَةُ تَلبَسُ مِنَ الثّيابِ ما شاءَت، إلَّا ثَوبًا مَسَّه وَرْسٌ أو زَعفَرانٌ، ولا تتَبَرقَعُ ولا تَلَثَّمُ، وتَسدُلُ الثَّوبَ على وجهِها إن شاءَت (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2014>بابُ المُحرِمَةِ تَلبَسُ الثَّوبَ مِن عُلوٍ فيَستُرُ وجهَها وتَجَافَى عَنه</span>\n\n٩١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان الرُّكبانُ يَمُرّونَ بنا ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ مُحرِماتٌ، فإِذا جازوا بنا سَدَلَت إحدانا جِلبابَها مِن رأسِها على وجهِها، فإِذا جاوَزونا كَشَفناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) هو أيوب بن محمد أبو الجمل اليمامى العجلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٢٣، والجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٣٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ١٦٦، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٤٨٧.\n(^٢) ينظر تاريخ الدارمي (٦٤٥)، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٢٦)، وإسحاق (١١٨٩)، وابن الجارود (٤١٨) عن عائشة مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٨٣٣)، وأحمد (٢٤٠٢١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٩١) من طريق هشيم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٩٩).","vol":"9","page":442},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عَوانَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ وعَلِيُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ (^١)، وخالَفَهُم ابنُ عُيَينَةَ فيما رُوِىَ عنه عن يَزيدَ فقالَ: عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قالَت أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2015>بابُ المَرأةِ تَختَضِبُ قَبلَ إحرامِها وتَمتَشِطُ بالطِّيبِ</span>\nقَد مَضى في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ قَولُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"انقُضِى رأسَكِ وامتَشِطِى وأَهِلِّى بالحَجِّ\" (^٣).\n\n٩١٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الجُنَيدِ الدّامَغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ بنتُ طَلحَةَ أن عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ حَدَّثَتها قالَت: كُنّا نَخرُجُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَى مَكَّةَ فنُضَمِّدُ جِباهَنا بالسُّكِّ المُطَيَّبِ عِندَ الإِحرامِ، فإِذا عَرِقَت إحدانا سالَ على وجهِها، فيَراه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فلا يَنهانا (^٤).\n\n٩١٢٥ - وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أخيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قالا: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن تَمسَحَ المَرأةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٣٥) من طريق محمد به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٤ من طريق على به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٠٦، ٩٣٤)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٥. وقال الزيلعي فى نصب الراية ٣/ ٩٤: يزيد فيه ضعف، تكلم فيه غير واحد، وأخرج له مسلم فى جماعة غير محتج به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٧٨، ٨٨١٦، ٨٨٤٦).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٨٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٠٢) من طريق عمر بن سويد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١٥).","vol":"9","page":443},{"text":"يَدَيها (^١) عِندَ الإِحرامِ بشَئٍ مِنَ الحِنّاءِ، ولا تُحرِمَ وهِىَ عَفًا (^٢). قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: وكَذَلِكَ أُحِبُّ لَها (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مِن السُّنَّةِ أن تَدْلُكَ المَرأةُ بشَئٍ مِن حِناءٍ عَشيَّةَ الإِحرامِ، وتُغَلِّفَ رأسَها بغِسلَةٍ لَيسَ فيها طيبٌ، ولا تُحرِمَ عُطُلًا (^٤). ولَيس ذَلِكَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2016>بابُ المَرأةِ تَطوفُ وتَسعَى لَيلًا إذا كانَت مَشهورَةً بالجَمالِ، ولا رَمَلَ عَلَيها</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه قال: أفاضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في نِسائِه لَيلًا (^٥). ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ غَيرِ قَوِىٍّ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -:\n\n٩١٢٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بدنها\".\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"غفال أو قال: غفل\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية ص، خ ر: غفال وقيل: غفل\". والمعنى متقارب، فالعفا والعفو من البلاد ما لا أثر لأحد فيها بملك، وهى الأرض الغفل التي لم توطأ وليست بها آثار. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٠/ ١١٠، ٣٩/ ٦٩ (غ ف ل، ع ف و). والمعنى ألا تخلو المرأة من طيب أو خضاب، والله أعلم.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٨٢٤)، وعنده: \"غفال أو قال: غفل\".\n(^٤) العَطَل: فقدان الحلى. وامرأة عاطل وعُطُل. النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٧.\nوالأثر أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٢ من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به.\n(^٥) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٤٥٨).","vol":"9","page":444},{"text":"حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لأصحابِه فزارُوا البَيتَ يَومَ النَّحرِ ظَهيرَةً، وزارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَعَ نِسائِه لَيلًا.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بإسنادِه، قالَت: أفاضَ مِن آخِرِ يَومِهِ (^١).\nوَرَوَى أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أخَّرَ الطَّوافَ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n٩١٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَيسَ على النِّساءِ سَعيٌ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٣). يَعنِى الرَّمَلَ بالبَيتِ والسَّعىَ في بَطنِ المَسيلِ.\nورُوِّيناه عن فُقَهاءِ التّابِعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٩٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٥٦، ٢٩٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣٦) إلا قوله: حين صلى الظهر. فهو منكر.\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٧٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٧٦، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٥ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":445},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2017>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما يَجتَنِبُه المُحرِمُ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2018>بابُ ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الثّيابِ</span>\n\n٩١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي سالِمٌ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ القَميصَ، ولا العِمامَةَ، ولا السَّراويلَ، ولا البُرنُسَ، ولا ثَوبًا مَسَّه زَعفَرانٌ ولا وَرْسٌ، ولا الخُفَّينِ إلَّا لِمَن لا يَجِدُ نَعلَينِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْهُما فليَقطَعْهُما حَتَّى يَكونا أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\".\n\n٩١٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبَرَنى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ وعَمرٌو النّاقِدُ وابنُ أبي إسرائيلَ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الثّيابِ؟ فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ وعَمرٍو عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٩١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٣٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٠٦)، ومسلم (١١٧٧/ ٢).","vol":"9","page":446},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الثّيابِ؟ قال: \"لا تَلبَسوا القَميصَ، ولا العَمائمَ، ولا السَّراويلاتِ، ولا البَرانِسَ، ولا الخِفافَ (^١)، إلَّا أحَدٌ لا يَجِدُ نَعلَينِ فليَلبَسِ الخُفَّينِ وليَقطَعْهُما أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ، ولا تَلبَسوا مِنَ الثّيابِ شَيئًا مَسَّه الزَّعفَرانُ والوَرْسُ\" (^٢).\n\n٩١٣١ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٩١٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قامَ رَجُلٌ مِن هذا البابِ - يَعنى بَعضَ أبوابِ مَسجِدِ المَدينَةِ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ؟ فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن مَعنَى حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٥). وفِي رِوايَةِ جوَيريَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م: \"الخفين\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٣٣). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٣٥ من طريق ابن وهب عن مالك وحده به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٢٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٠٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٢٤)، والنسائي (٢٦٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٢٩)، وابن حبان (٣٧٨٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٥٤٣، ٥٨٠٣)، ومسلم (١١٧٧/ ١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٣٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٣) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"9","page":447},{"text":"نافِعٍ: قامَ رَجُلٌ فنادَى فقالَ: ماذا تأمُرُنا أن نَلبَسَ مِنَ الثِّيابِ إذا أحرَمنا؟ (^١)\n\n٩١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَسعودٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نادَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَخطُبُ وهو بذاكَ المَكانِ - وأشارَ نافِعٌ إلَى مُقَدَّمِ المَسجِدِ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ؟ قال: \"لا يَلبَسُ السَّراويلَ، ولا القَميصَ، ولا العِمامَةَ، ولا الخُفَّينِ، إلَّا أحَدٌ لا يَجِدُ نَعلَينِ فليَقطَعْهُما فليَلبَسْهُما أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ، ولا شَيئًا مِنَ الثِّيابِ مَسَّه وَرْسٌ وزَعفَرانٌ، ولا البُرنُسَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقَدَّمِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: ما لا يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ؟ فقالَ: \"لا يَلبَسُ\". فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن حَمَّادٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن أيُّوبَ فزادَ فيه: \"القَباءَ\". وهو صَحيحٌ مَحفوطٌ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ عن أيُّوبَ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩١١٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٢) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٤٤٨٢)، والنسائي (٢٦٧٥) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٩٤).","vol":"9","page":448},{"text":"٩١٣٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِى ابنَ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِيَّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ. قال سُلَيمانُ: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ وبِشرُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِرْيابِيُّ، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رَجُلًا قامَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما يَلبَسُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الثّيابِ؟ قال: \"لا يَلبَسُ القَميصَ، ولا العِمامَةَ، ولا البُرنُسَ، ولا السَّراويلَ، ولا القَباءَ، ولا ثَوبًا مَسَّه وَرْسٌ أو زَعْفَرانٌ، ولا يَلبَسُ الخُفَّينِ إلَّا ألَّا يَجِدَ نَعْلَينِ فيَقطَعُهُما أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\" (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِيُّ عن سُفيانَ في \"الجامع\". وبِمَعناه رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ.\n\n٩١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ أبو الشَّيخِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الجارودِ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن لُبسِ القَميصِ والأقبيَةِ والسَّراويلاتِ والخُفَّينِ إلَّا ألَّا يَجِدَ نَعلَينِ، ولا يَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَسَّه زَعفَرانٌ أو وَرْسٌ، يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٠) عن ابن عبدان عن الطبراني عن على وحده به. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٠٣٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":449},{"text":"المُحرِمَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الأشَجِّ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَلبَسَ المُحرِمُ القُمُصَ والأقبيَةَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٩١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضْرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ موسَى الزَّاهِدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَلبَسَ المُحرِمُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا بزَعفَرانٍ أو ورسٍ وقالَ: \"مَن لَم يَجِدْ نَعلَينِ فلْيَلبَسِ الخُفَّينِ وليَقطَعْهُما أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\" (^٢). وفي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى. والباقِى سَواءٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وروَاه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2019>بابُ مَن لَم يَجِدِ الإِزارَ لَبِسَ سَراويلَ، ومَن لَم يَجِدِ النَّعلَينِ لَبِسَ خُفَّينِ</span>\n\n٩١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٩٨) من طريق الأشج.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٢٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧، ومالك ١/ ٣٢٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٣٠)، وابن حبان (٣٧٨٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٥٢)، ومسلم (١١٧٧/ ٣).","vol":"9","page":450},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ فقالَ: \"مَن لَم يَجِدِ الإِزارَ فلْيَلبَسِ السَّراويلَ، ومَن لَم يَجِدِ النَّعلَينِ فليَلبَسِ الخُفَّينِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: وتابَعَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n٩١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعْتُ أبا الشَّعْثاءِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ وهو يقولُ: \"إذا لَمْ يَجِدِ المُحرِمُ نَعلَينِ لَبِسَ خُفَّينِ، وإِذا لَم يَجِدْ إزارًا لَبِسَ سَراويلَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٩١٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه. زادَ: قال عمرٌو: لَم يَذكُرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٨٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٤٣)، ومسلم (١١٧٨/ ٤).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (١٧٤٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٧٨/. . .).","vol":"9","page":451},{"text":"ابنُ عباسٍ القَطعَ، وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: \"وليَقْطَعْهُما حَتَّى يَكونا أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\". فلا أدرِى أيَّ الحديثَينِ نَسَخَ الآخَرَ (^١).\n\n٩١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"المُحرِمُ إذا لَم يَجِدِ النَّعلَينِ لَبِسَ الخُفَّينِ، ويَقطَعُهُما حَتَّى يَكونا أسفَلَ مِنَ الكَعبَينِ\". قال: وقالَ عمرٌو: انظُروا أيُّهُما قَبلُ؛ حَديثُ ابنِ عُمَرَ أو حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ؟ (^٢) ورَواه غَيرُه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو وقالَ: انظُروا أيُّهُما قَبلُ. فحَمَلَهُما (^٣) عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ على نَسخِ أحَدِهِما الآخَرَ، وبَيِّنٌ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَونٍ وغَيرِه عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن ذَلِكَ كان بالمَدينَةِ قَبلَ الإِحرامِ (^٤)، وبَيِّنٌ في رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ عن عمرٍو عن أبي الشَّعْثاءِ جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن ذَلِكَ كان بعَرَفَةَ (^٥)، وذَلِكَ بعدَ قِصَّةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ.\nوأمّا الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فإِنَّه قال: أرَى أن يُقطَعا؛ لأنَّ ذَلِكَ في حَديثِ ابن عُمَرَ وإِن لَم يَكُنْ في حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ، وكِلاهُما صادِقٌ حافِظٌ، ولَيسَ زيادَةُ أحَدِهِما على الآخَرِ شَيئًا لَم يُؤَدِّهِ الآخَرُ - إمَّا عَزَبَ عنه، وإِمَّا شَكَّ فيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٣٤، وفى شرح المشكل (٥٤٣٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن بشار بدون الزيادة.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"فحملها\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩١٣٢، ٩١٣٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٩١٣٨).","vol":"9","page":452},{"text":"فلَم يُؤَدِّهْ، وإِمَّا سَكَتَ عنه، وإِمّا أدَّاه فلَم يُؤَدَّ عنه لِبَعضِ هذه المَعانِى - اختِلافًا (^١)\n\n٩١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفامِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن لَم يَجِدْ نَعلَينِ فليَلبَسْ خُفَّينِ، ومَن لَم يَجِدْ إِزارًا فليَلبَسْ سَراويلَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2020>بابٌ: لا يَعقِدُ المُحرِمُ رِداءَه عَلَيه، ولَكِن يَغرِزُ طَرَفى رِدائِه إن شاءَ في إزارِهِ</span>\n\n٩١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَسعَى بالبَيتِ وقَد حَزَمَ على بَطنِه بثَوبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٦٥) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٧٩/ ٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٩، وأخرجه ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٤٩ من طريق أبى بكر القاضي به، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٦٦٨) من طريق هشام به، وفيه: رأى طاوس ابن عمر يطوف قد شد حقوه بعمامة.","vol":"9","page":453},{"text":"٩١٤٣ - قال: وأخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أن نافِعًا أخبَرَه، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ لَم يَكُنْ عَقَدَ الثَّوبَ عَلَيه، إنَّما غَرَزَ طَرَفَه على إزارِهِ (^١).\n\n٩١٤٤ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: جاء رَجُلٌ يَسألُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وأنا مَعَه فقالَ: أُخالِفُ بَينَ طَرَفيْ ثَوبِى مِن ورائِي ثُمَّ أعقِدُه وأنا مُحرِمٌ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: لا تَعقِدْ (^٢).\n\n٩١٤٥ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأى رَجُلًا مُحتَزِمًا بحَبلٍ أبرَقَ (^٣) فقالَ: \"انزَعِ الحَبلَ\". مَرَّتَينِ (^٤). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورَواه أيضًا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ عن صالِحِ بنِ أبي حَسَّانَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٥)، وهو أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ، إلَّا أن أحَدَهُما يَتأكَّدُ بالآخَرِ، ثُمَّ بما مَضى مِن أثَرِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ بأنَّه إذا عُقِدَ صارَ في مَعنَى المَخيطِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2021>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَلبَسُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ ما لَم يُهِلَّ فيهِ</span>\nقالَه عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٦٥٩) من طريق مسلم بن جندب به.\n(^٣) الأبرق: الحبل الذي فيه لونان. تاج العروس ٢٥/ ٤٤ (ب ر ق).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٦٦١)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١٥٨) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠.","vol":"9","page":454},{"text":"٩١٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نَلبَسُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ إذا أهلَلنا ما لَم نُهِلَّ فيه، ونَلبَسُ المُمَشَّقَ، إنَّما هو بطِينٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - غَيَّرَ ثَوبَيه بالتَّنعيمِ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٢). أورَدَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2022>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَطرَحَ على نَفسِه مَخيطًا وهو مُحرِمٌ وإِن لَم يَلبَسْه</span>\n\n٩١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أصابَه بَردٌ وهو مُحرِمٌ فألقَيتُ عَلَيه بُرنُسًا، فقالَ: ما هَذا؟ فقُلتُ: بُرنُسٌ. فقالَ: أبعِدْه عَنِّي، أما عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى المُحرِمَ أن يَلبَسَ البُرنُسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٩) من طريق ابن منيع به. والممشق: هو المصبوغ بالمشق، وهو طين أحمر يصبغ به. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٤٢٢، ٤/ ١١، والتاج ٢٦/ ٣٩٥ (م ش ق).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٩٤) من طريق عكرمة به. والطبراني (١١٥١٠) من طريق عكرمة عن ابن عباس به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٣٨: وفيه ابن لهيعة، وهو حسن الحديث وفيه كلام.\n(^٣) المراسيل (١٥٦، ١٥٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٩٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو داود (١٨٢٨) من طريق نافع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١٣).","vol":"9","page":455},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2023>بابُ ما تَلبَسُ المَرأةُ المُحرِمَةُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ</span>\n\n٩١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فإِنَّ نافِعًا مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنِي، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى النِّساءَ في إحرامِهِنَّ عن القُفّازَينِ والنِّقابِ وما مَسَّ الوَرْسُ والزَّعفَرانُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ، ولتَلبَسْ بعدَ ذَلِكَ ما أحَبَّت مِن ألوانِ الثِّيابِ؛ مُعَصفَرًا أو خَزًّا، أو حُليًّا، أو سَراويلَ، أو قَميصًا، أو خُفًّا (^١). قال أبو داودَ: ورَوَى هذا عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن نافِعٍ عبدَةُ ومحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ إلَى قَولِه: وما مَسَّ الوَرْسُ والزَّعفَرانُ مِنَ الثِّيابِ. لَم يَذكُرا ما بَعدَه (^٢).\n\n٩١٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: ذَكَرتُ لابنِ شِهابٍ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أن عبدَ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ - يَعنِى يَقطَعُ الخُفَّينِ لِلمَرأةِ المُحرِمَةِ - ثُمَّ حَدَّثَته صَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبى عُبَيدٍ أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - حَدَّثَتها أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد كان رَخَّصَ لِلنِّساءِ في الخُفَّينِ، فتَرَكَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٣٦)، والمعرفة (٢٨٢١)، وأبو داود (١٨٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧٤٠) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٨٢٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٨٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٣٦) عن ابن أبي عدى به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١٦).","vol":"9","page":456},{"text":"٩١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان يُفتِى النِّساءَ إذا أحرَمنَ أن يَقطَعنَ الخُفَّينِ، حَتَّى أخبَرَته صَفيَّةُ عن عائشةَ أنَّها تُفْتِى النِّساءَ ألا يَقطَعنَ، فانتَهَى عَنه (^١).\n\n٩١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ عِندَ عائشةَ إذ جاءَتها امرأةٌ مِن نِساءِ بَنِى عبدِ الدَّارِ يُقالُ لها: تَملِكُ، فقالَت لها: يا أمَّ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّ ابنَتِى فُلانَةَ حَلَفَت ألَّا تَلبَسَ حُليَّها في المَوسِمِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: قَولِي لها: إنَّ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ تُقسِمُ عَلَيكِ أَلَّا لَبِستِ حُليَّكِ كُلَّهُ (^٢).\n\n٩١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن عبدَةَ بنِ أبي لُبابَةَ، عن ابنِ باباهُ المَكِّيِّ، أن امرأةً سالَت عائشةَ: ما تَلبَسُ المَرأةُ في إحرامِها؟ قال: فقالَت عائشَةُ: تَلبَسُ مِن خَزِّها وبَزِّها وأصباغِها وحُلِيِّها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٣٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٤٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٣٤٤٩) من طريق محمد بن راشد به.","vol":"9","page":457},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2024>بابُ ما لا يَجوزُ لِلمُحرِمِ والمُحرِمَةِ لُبسُه مِنَ الثِّيابِ المَصبوغَةِ بالوَرْسِ والزَّعفَرانِ وما يُعَدُّ طيبًا</span>\n\n٩١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى وأبو نُعَيمٍ وثابِتٌ العابِدُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَلبَسَ المُحرِمُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا بوَرْسٍ أو زَعفَرانٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٢).\nورَواه سالِمٌ ونافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2025>بابٌ: لا يُغَطِّى المُحرِمُ رأسَه، ولَه أن يُغَطِّىَ وجهَه</span>\n\n٩١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بَينا رَجُلٌ واقِفٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ فوَقَعَ عن راحِلَتِه فأوقَصَته - أو: وقَصَته - فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ، ولا تُحَنِّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٩٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٤٧)، ومسلم (١١٧٧/ ٣)، وتقدم في (٩١٣٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩١٢٨ - ٩١٣٥).","vol":"9","page":458},{"text":"رأسَه؛ فإِنَّ اللّهَ يَبْعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّيًا\". قال حَمّادٌ: وسَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ يُحَدِّثُ به عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، فلَم أُنكِرْ مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ شَيئًا، وقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عارِمٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذْكُرْ حَديثَ عمرٍو (^٢). ورَواه عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادٍ كما مَضَى في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ (^٣).\n\n٩١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ وعَمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا كان واقِفًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ، فوَقَعَ عن راحِلَتِه - قال أيّوبُ: فوَقَصَته. وقالَ عمرٌو: فأقعَصَته - فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماء وسِدرٍ وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ، ولا تُحَنِّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُه يُلَبِّى\". وقالَ عمرٌو: \"مُلَبِّيًا\". قال إسماعيلُ: هَكَذا قال مُسَدَّدٌ، وخالَفَه عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، واتَّفَقا على أن عَمرًا قال: \"يُلَبِّى\". وأنَّ أيّوبَ قال: \"مُلَبِّيًا\" (^٤). وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ عَنهُما كما قال عارِمٌ (^٥).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو كما رَواه حَمّادٌ: \"لا تُخَمِّروا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٧١٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٢٦٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٢٦٨)، وتقدم في (٦٧٨٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٧٨٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٤)، وتقدم في (٦٧١٧).","vol":"9","page":459},{"text":"رأسَه\". لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الوَجهِ (^١).\nوروِىَ عن وكيعٍ عن الثَّورِيِّ عن عمرٍو، فذَكَرَ مَعَه الوَجهَ:\n\n٩١٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، أخبرَنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا أوقَصَته راحِلَتُه وهو مُحرِمٌ فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَيه، ولا تُخَمِّروا وجهَه ولا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّه يُبْعَثُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّيًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن وكيعٍ دونَ ذِكرِ الوَجهِ فيهِ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ الوَليدِ العَدنِيُّ عن سُفيانَ دونَ ذِكرِ الوَجهِ (^٥).\n\n٩١٥٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رَجُلًا وقَصَته راحِلَتُه ونَحنُ مَعَ رسول اللهِ - ﷺ - مُحرِمونَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكفِّنوه في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٧١٣، ٦٧١٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٧١٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٨).\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٦٨١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٧١٤).","vol":"9","page":460},{"text":"ثَوبَيه، ولا تُمِسُّوه طِيبًا، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ مُلَبِّدًا (^١) \". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كامِلٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ عن أبي بشرٍ دونَ ذِكرِ الوَجهِ (^٣).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبي بشرٍ مَرَّةً بوِفاقِ أبى عَوانَةَ وهُشَيمٍ، قال شُعبَةُ: ثُمَّ إنَّه حَدَّثَنِى بعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: خارِجٌ رأسُه ووَجهُه (^٤).\nورَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ كما رَواه الجَماعَةُ؛ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الوَجهِ (^٥).\n\n٩١٥٨ - وروَاه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"وخَمِّروا وجهَه ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ قال: وزادَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n\n٩١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ملبيًّا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٣٠) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٢٦٧)، ومسلم (١٢٠٦/ ١٠٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٥١)، ومسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٩)، وتقدم في (٦٧٢٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٧٢٢).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٧٢٤).\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٧٠)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٧٠، ٢/ ٢٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":461},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ أنَّه قال: رأيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بالعَرْجِ وهو مُحرِمٌ في يَومٍ صائفٍ قَد غَطَّى وجهَه بقَطيفَةِ أُرْجُوانٍ (^١).\n\n٩١٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كشمَردُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى هو ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: أخبرَنِي الفَرافِصَةُ (^٣) بنُ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه رأى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - مُغَطِّيًا وجهَه وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٤).\n\n٩١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وزيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٥٤ برواية يحيى الليثي وفيه: \"عبد الرحمن بن عامر\". وفى نسخة الأعظمى ٣/ ١٢٩٠: \"عبد الله بن عامر\". على الصواب. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٠. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٨/ ٤٠٩، والدارقطني في العلل ٣/ ١٤ من طريق عبد الله بن أبي بكر به.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام على ضبطه في (٧٥١٨).\n(^٣) ذكره في الإكمال ٧/ ٦٣ بفتح الفاء الأولى، ثم ذكر في ٧/ ٦٤ قول ابن حبيب: كل اسم في الحرب فرافصة فهو مضموم الفاء إلا الفرافصة - رجل - وهو ابن الأحوص بن عمرو بن ثعلبة. وذكر ابن حجر في التبصير ٣/ ١٠٧١ أن قول ابن حبيب مختص بأهل الجاهلية. وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٧/ ٦٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٢٧، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٣٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"9","page":462},{"text":"ومَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ كانوا يُخَمِّرونَ وُجوهَهُم وهُم حُرُمٌ (^١).\n\n٩١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: يَغتَسِلُ المُحرِمُ، ويَغسِلُ ثيابَه، ويُغَطِّى أنفَه مِنَ الغُبارِ، ويُغَطِّى وجهَه وهو نائمٌ (^٢).\nوخالَفَهُم ابنُ عُمَرَ:\n\n٩١٦٣ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: ما فوقَ الذَّقنِ مِنَ الرّأسِ، فلا يُخَمِّرْه المُحرِمُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2026>بابُ مَنِ احتاجَ إلىَ تَغطيَةِ رأسِه أو لُبسِ مَخيطٍ أو إلَى دَواءٍ فيه طِيبٌ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِلضَّرورَةِ وافتَدَى</span>\nاستِدلالًا بحَديثِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجْرَةَ الَّذِى يَرِدُ بعدَ هذا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ، ورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2027>بابُ مَنِ احتاجَ إلَى حَلقِ رأسِه لِلأذَى حَلَقَه وافتَدَى</span>\n\n٩١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٤٢)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٤١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٣٧) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٣٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٢٧.","vol":"9","page":463},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجْرَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَعَلَّكَ آذاكَ هَوامُّكَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"احلِقْ رأسَكَ، وصُمْ ثلَاثةَ أيّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ، أو انسُكْ شاةً\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n٩١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُحرِمًا فآذاه القَملُ في رأسِه، فأمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَحلِقَ رأسَه، وقالَ: \"صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ، لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ مُدَّيْنِ (^٣) شَعيرٍ، أوِ انسُكْ شاةً، أيَّ ذَلِكَ فعَلتَ أجزأ عَنكَ\" (^٤). جَوَّدَه الحُسَينُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّيسابورِيُّ عن مالكٍ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤١٧. وأخرجه الطبراني (٢٢٠) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف التنيسى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨١٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"مد من\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٦/ ٤٥٤ من طريق المصنف به. وأحمد (١٨١٠٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٥١) من طريق مالك به.","vol":"9","page":464},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ (^١). ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن مالكٍ دونَ ذِكرِ مُجاهِدٍ في إسنادِه (^٢). وذِكرُ الشَّعيرِ في رِوايَةِ الحُسَينِ بنِ الوَليدِ دونَ غَيرِهِ.\n\n٩١٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في كِتابِ \"المناقب\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجْرَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو خُبَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ وأيّوبَ وحُمَيدٍ وعَبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ به وهو بالحُدَيبيَةِ قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ مَكَّةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، وهو يوقِدُ تَحتَ قِدرٍ له، والقَملُ يَتَهافَتُ على وجهِه، فقالَ: \"أتُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ هَذِهِ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فاحلِقْ رأسَكَ، وأَطعِمْ فرَقًا بَينَ سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ - والفَرَقُ ثَلاثَةُ آصُعٍ - أو صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو انسُكَ نَسيكَةً\". وقالَ ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ: \"أوِ اذبَحْ شاةً\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ وأيُّوبَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٨٨٠، ١٥٨٠١).\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٨٨١).\n(^٣) الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٤٧٠). وتقدم في (٧٧٩٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٣)، والبخاري (٤١٥٩، ٤١٩٠).","vol":"9","page":465},{"text":"٩١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ التُّركُ ومحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كشمَردُ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَي، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ به زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ فقالَ: \"آذاكَ هَوامُّ رأسِكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"احلِقْ، ثُمَّ اذبَحْ نُسُكًا، أو صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ ثَلَاثَةَ آصُعٍ مِن تَمرٍ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه الشَّعبِيُّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى (^٣).\n\n٩١٦٨ - ورَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ قال: أصابَنِى هَوامُّ في رأسِى وأنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، حَتَّى تَخَوَّفتُ على بَصَرِي، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيَّ: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. فدَعانِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ لِى: \"احلِقْ رأسَكَ، وصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ فرَقًا مِن زَبيبٍ، أوِ انسُكْ شاةً\". فحَلَقتُ رأسِى ثُمَّ نَسَكتُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٥٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٨٦) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به. وأحمد (١٨١١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٦) من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٩٨٥).","vol":"9","page":466},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِي أبانٌ يَعنِى ابنَ صالِحٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٩١٦٩ - أخبَرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأصبهانِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَعقِلٍ يقولُ: قَعَدتُ إلَى كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ في هذا المَسجِدِ - يَعنِى مَسجِدَ الكوفَةِ - فسألتُه عن قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ قال: حُمِلتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - والقَملُ يَتَناثَرُ على وجهِي، فقالَ: \"ما كُنتُ أُرَى الجَهدَ بَلَغَ مِنكَ هذا، أفَتَجِدُ شاةً؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا. فقالَ: \"صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ؛ لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ نِصفُ صاعٍ مِن طَعامٍ، واحلِقْ رأسَكَ\". قال كَعبٌ: فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ فيَّ خاصَّةً، وهىَ لَكُم عامَّةً (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\nورَواه أشعَثُ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن كَعبٍ في هذا الحَديثِ قال: \"أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ ثَلاثَةَ آصُعٍ مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٠٨) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٠٩)، والبخاري (١٨١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٣، ١١٠٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣٩٨٥، ٣٩٨٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥١٧)، ومسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٢٣)، والترمذي (٢٩٧٣)، وقال: حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2028>بابُ لُبسِ المُحرِمِ وطيبِه جاهِلًا أو ناسيًا لإِحرامِهِ</span>\n\n٩١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهو بالجِعْرانَةِ وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ وعَلَيه أثَرُ الخَلوقِ - قال هَمّامٌ: أو قال: أثَرُ الصُّفرَةِ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَيفَ تأمُرُنِي أن أصنَعَ في عُمرَتِى؟ قال: فأنزَلَ اللهُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فسُتِرَ بثَوبٍ. قال: وكانَ يَعلَى يقولُ: ودِدتُ لَو أنِّى قَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَد نَزَلَ عَلَيه الوَحيُّ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: أيَسُرُّكَ أن تَنظُرَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَد أُنزِلَ عَلَيه الوَحيُّ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فرَفَعَ طَرَفَ الثَّوبِ، فنَظَرتُ إلَيه ولَه غَطيطٌ - قال هَمّامٌ: أحسِبُه: كَغَطيطِ البَكرِ - فلَمّا سُرِّىَ عنه قال: \"أينَ السَّائلُ عن العُمرَةِ؟ اخلَعْ عَنكَ هذه الجُبَّةَ، واغسِلْ عَنكَ أثَرَ الخَلوقِ - أو قال: أثَرَ الصُّفرَةِ - واصنَعْ في عُمرَتِكَ كما تَصنَعُ في حَجِّكَ\" (^١).\n\n٩١٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرُّوخَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه. قال: فلَمّا سُرِّىَ عنه قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن العُمرَةِ؟ اغسِلْ عَنكَ الصُّفرَةَ - أو قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨١٩) من طريق همام به.","vol":"9","page":468},{"text":"أثَرَ الخَلوقِ - واخلَعْ عَنكَ جُبَّتَكَ، واصنَعْ في عُمرَتِكَ ما أنتَ صانِعٌ في حَجِّكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرُّوخَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ وأبِى الوَليدِ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^٣).\n\n٩١٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ وهو بالجِعْرانَةِ وأنا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وعَلَيه مُقَطَّعاتٌ - يَعنِى جُبَّةً - وهو مُتَضَمِّخٌ (^٤) بالخَلوقِ، فقالَ: إنِّي أحرَمتُ بالعُمرَةِ وعَلَيَّ هذا، وأنا مُتَضَمِّخٌ بالخَلوقِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما كُنتَ صانِعًا في حَجِّكَ؟ \". قال: أنزِعُ عَنِّى هذه الثِّيابَ، وأغسِلُ عَنِّى هذا الخَلوقَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما كُنتَ صانِعًا في حَجِّكَ فاصنَعْه في عُمرَتِكَ\" (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، وأخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٧٩) من طريق شيبان بن فروخ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٠/ ٦)، والبخاري (١٧٨٩، ١٨٤٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٣٦)، ومسلم (١١٨٠/ ٨).\n(^٤) متضمخ: متلطخ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٩، والقاموس المحيط ١/ ٢٦٢ (ض م خ).\n(^٥) الشافعي ٢/ ١٥٢. وأخرجه الترمذي (٨٣٦) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به. وأحمد (١٧٩٦٥)، والنسائي (٢٧٠٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":469},{"text":"أيضًا مِن حَديثِ قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ ورَباحِ بنِ أبي مَعروفٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^١).\n\n٩١٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ القُرَشِىِّ قال: سألتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أن يُريَنِى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - إذا نَزَلَ عَلَيه القُرآنُ (^٢)، فبَينا نَحنُ مَعَه في سَفَرٍ إذ أتاه رَجُلٌ عَلَيه جُبَّةٌ بها رَدْعٌ مِن زَعفَرانٍ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي أحرَمتُ بالعُمرَةِ، وإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَسخَرونَ مِنِّى. فسَكَتَ عنه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، وأُنزِلَ عَلَيه الوَحىُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن العُمرَةِ؟ \". فقامَ الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ: \"انزِعْ عَنكَ جُبّتَكَ هذه، وما كُنتَ صانِعًا في حَجِّكَ إذا أحرَمتَ فاصنَعْه في عُمرَتِكَ\" (^٣). قَصَّرَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بإِسنادِه فلَم يَذكُرْ صَفوانَ بنَ يَعلَى فيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2029>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُحرِمُ في قَميصٍ أو جُبَّةٍ، [فيَنْزِعُها نَزعًا ولا يَشُقُّها]</span> (^٤)\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ صاحِبَ الجُبَّةِ أن يَنزِعَها ولَم يأمُرْه بشَقِّها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٨٠/ ٧، ٩، ١٠).\n(^٢) في س: \"الوحى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٦٤)، والترمذي (٨٣٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٢) من طريق عبد الملك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٦٦٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فينزعهما ولا يشقهما\".\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ١٥٣.","vol":"9","page":470},{"text":"٩١٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن يَعلَى ابنِ مُنْيَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رأى رَجُلًا عَلَيه جُبَّةٌ عَلَيها أثَرُ خَلوقٍ أو صُفرَةٍ، فقالَ: \"اخلَعْها عَنكَ، واجعَلْ في عُمرَتِكَ ما تَجعَلُ في حَجِّكَ\". قال قَتادَةُ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: كُنّا نَسمَعُ أنَّه قال: \"شُقّها\". قال: هذا فسادٌ، واللَّهُ ﷿ لا يُحِبُّ الفَسادَ (^١).\n\n٩١٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَي، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ (^٢)، عن عَطاءٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ. وهُشَيمٌ، عن الحَجَّاجِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه بهَذِه القِصَّةِ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اخلَعْ جُبَّتَكَ\". فخَلَعَها مِن رأسِه. وساقَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٩١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه بهَذا الخَبَرِ، قال فيه: قال: فأمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَنزِعَها نَزعًا ويَغتَسِلَ، مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٢٠).\n(^٢) في س: \"بسر\". وفي حاشيتها: \"بشير\". وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١١٨٤٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٨٢٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٠٤) دون قوله: ومن رأسه. فإنه منكر.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الهمذانى\".","vol":"9","page":471},{"text":"وساقَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2030>بابُ مَن لَمْ يَرَ بشَمِّ الرَّيحانِ بأسًا</span>\n\n٩١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ والعباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيارَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا لِلمُحرِمِ بشَمِّ الرَّيْحانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2031>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ شَمَّه لِلمُحرِمِ</span>\n\n٩١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يُسألُ عن الرَّيحانِ: أيَشَمُّه المُحرِمُ؟ والطِّيبِ، والدُّهنِ، فقالَ: لا (^٣).\n\n٩١٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يكرَهُ شَمَّ الرَّيحانِ لِلمُحرِمِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٢١). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٣٧) من طريق عطاء عن ابن منية عن أبيه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور - كما في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٤٨ - من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨٠٣) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨١١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨١٠) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"9","page":472},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2032>بابٌ: المُحرِمُ يَدهُنُ جَسَدَه غَيرَ رأسِه ولِحيَتِه بما لَيسَ بطيبٍ</span>\n\n٩١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قِراءَةً عَلَيهِما وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سلَمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن فرْقَدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ادَّهَنَ بزَيتٍ غَيرِ مُقَتَّتٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ. يَعنِى غَيرَ مُطَيَّبٍ (^١). لَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ يوسُفَ تَفسيرَه.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ورَواه الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ شاذانُ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن فرقَدٍ عن سعيدٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه مِن غَيرِ تَفسيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٩١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنِي أشعَثُ بنُ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن مُرَّةَ الشَّيبانِيِّ قال: كُنّا نَمُرُّ بأبِى ذَرٍّ ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ وقَد تَشَقَّقَت أرجُلُنا، فيَقولُ: ادهُنُوها.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٨٥٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٨٣)، والترمذي (٩٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥٢، ٢٦٥٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث فرقد السبخى عن سعيد بن جبير، وقد تكلَّم يحيى بن سعيد في فرقد السبخي، وروى عنه الناس.","vol":"9","page":473},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2033>بابٌ: الحاجُّ أشعَثُ أغبَرُ؛ فلا يَدهُنُ رأسَه ولِحيَتَه بعدَ الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n٩١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ غَزْوانَ أبو نوحٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يُبَاهِى بأَهلِ عَرَفاتٍ أهلَ السَّماءِ فيَقولُ لَهُمُ: انظُرُوا إلَى عِبادِى جاءونِى شُعْثًا غُبرًا\". وَفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نوحٍ. فيَقولُ (^١): \"انظُروا إلى عِبادِى هَؤُلاءِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبُو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ الخُوزِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفَرَبْرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ الخُوزِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عَبَّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: قَعَدنا إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ فتَذاكَرنا الحَجَّ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قامَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ما الحاجُّ؟ قال: \"الشَّعِثُ التَّفِلُ\". وقامَ آخَرُ فقالَ: ما السَّبيلُ؟ قال: \"الزّادُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"لهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٣٩) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٨٠٤٧)، وابن حبان (٣٨٥٢) من طريق يونس بن أبي إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٥٢: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"9","page":474},{"text":"والرّاحِلَةُ\". وقامَ آخَرُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُّ الحَجِّ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"العَجُّ والثَّجُّ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المالينِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَبْدانَ قال: عن محمدِ بنِ عَبَّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَخزومِيِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وقالَ: \"الأشعَثُ الغَبِرُ التَّفِلُ\". والباقِى بمَعناه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2034>بابُ المُحرِمِ يأكُلُ الخَبيصَ </span>(^٢)\n\n٩١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ المشّاطُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي تَوبَةَ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّجّارُ الآمُليُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: لا بأسَ بالخَبيصِ والخُشكَنانَجِ (^٣) المُصَفَّرِ يأكُلُه المُحرِمُ (^٤). لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2035>بابُ العُصفُرِ لَيسَ بطيبٍ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٢٨. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٠٣: إبراهيم تركوه. وتقدم في (٨٦٩٧، ٨٧١١).\n(^٢) الخبيص: حلوى تعمل من التمر والسمن. التاج ١٧/ ٥٤٢ (خ ب ص).\n(^٣) الخشكنانج: هو الخشكنان، وهى فارسية تعنى خبزة تصنع من خالص دقيق الحنطة، وتملأ بالسكر واللوز أو الفستق وتقلى. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٤) عزاه في إتحاف الخيرة ٤/ ١٣٢ لمسدد، وفيه: الخشتنان. بدلًا من: الخشكنانج، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٦٠) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٥٣٢).","vol":"9","page":475},{"text":"مَرفوعًا في النِّساءِ: \"ولتَلبَسْ بعْدَ ذَلِكَ ما أحَبَّت مِن ألوانِ الثّيابِ، مُعَصفَرًا أو خَزًّا\" (^١).\n\n٩١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّها كانَت تَلبَسُ المُعَصفَراتِ المُشْبَعاتِ (^٢) وهِىَ مُحرِمَةٌ، لَيسَ فيها زَعفَرانٌ (^٣). هَكَذا رَواه مالكٌ، وخالَفَه أبو أُسامَةَ وحاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ، فرَوَوه عن هِشامٍ عن فاطِمَةَ عن أسماءَ. قالَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ.\n\n٩١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ ابنُ يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزَّازُ، عن ابنِ أبِي مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت تَلبَسُ الثِّيابَ الموَرَّدَةَ بالعُصفُرِ الخَفيفِ وهِىَ مُحرِمَةٌ (^٤).\n\n٩١٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩١١٨، ٩١٤٨).\n(^٢) المعصفرات المشبعات: أي التي لا ينفض صبغها، أي لا يذهب بعض لونه. ينظر تفسير غريب الموطأ لابن حبيب ١/ ٣١٧، ٣١٨، وشرح الزرقاني على موطأ الإمام مالك ٢/ ٣١١، والتاج ١٩/ ٨٢ (ن ف ض).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٢٦، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٥٠، وليس عنده: المشبعات.\n(^٤) أبو جعفر الرزاز في جزئه (٤٨٣). وأخرجه ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٥٠ من طريق أبى الحسين بن بشران به.","vol":"9","page":476},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: لا تَلبَسُ المَرأةُ ثيابَ الطِّيبِ، وتَلبَسُ الثِّيابَ المُعَصفَرَةَ، لا أرَى المُعَصفَرَ (^١) طيبًا (^٢).\n\n٩١٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ قال: أبصَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ثَوبَينِ مُضَرَّجَينِ (^٣) وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقالَ: ما هذه الثّيابُ؟ فقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: ما إخالُ أحَدًا يُعَلِّمُنا السُّنَّةَ. فسَكَتَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن نافِعٍ أن نِساءَ ابنِ عُمَرَ كُنَّ يَلبَسنَ المُعَصفَراتِ وهُنَّ مُحرِماتٌ (^٥).\n\n٩١٨٩ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، عن الوَليدِ، عن عليِّ بنِ حَوشَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مَكحولًا يقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بثَوبٍ مُشَبَّعٍ بعُصفُرٍ، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ، فأُحرِمُ في هَذا؟ قال: \"لَكِ غَيرُه؟ \". قالَت: لا. قال: \"فأَحرِمِى فيه\". أخبَرَناه\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م: \"العصفر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٥٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٣) مضرجان: أي: ليس صبغهما بالمشبع. النهاية ٣/ ٨١.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٥٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٢٢) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"9","page":477},{"text":"أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الدَّاوُدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2036>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ لُبسَ المَصبوغِ بغَيرِ طيبٍ في الإِحرامِ مَخافَةَ أن يَراه الجاهِلُ فيَذهَبَ إلَى أن الصِّيغَ واحِدٌ فيَلبَسَ المَصبوغَ بالطِّيبِ</span>\n\n٩١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُحَدِّثُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رأى على طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ما هذا الثَّوبُ المَصبوغُ يا طَلحَةُ؟ فقالَ طَلحَةُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّما هو مَدَرٌ (^٢). فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّكُم أيُّها الرَّهطُ أئمَّةٌ يَقتَدِى بكُمُ النّاسُ، فلَو أنَّ رَجُلًا جاهِلًا رأى هذا الثَّوبَ لَقالَ: إنَّ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قَد كان يَلبَسُ الثِّيابَ المُصَبَّغَةَ في الإِحرامِ، فلا تَلبَسوا أيُّها الرَّهطُ شَيئًا مِن هذه الثِّيابِ المُصَبّغَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2037>بابُ كَراهيَةِ لُبسِ المُعَصفَرِ لِلرِّجالِ وإِن كانوا غَيرَ مُحرِمينَ</span>\n\n٩١٩١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (١٥٩).\n(^٢) المدر: الطين الأحمر المتماسك. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٠٩، ٣٤٥، وشرح الزرقاني ٢/ ٣١٠.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٢٦. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٠) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"9","page":478},{"text":"حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ (^١) بكرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن يَحيَى قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ ابنَ مَعدانَ أخبَرَه، أن جُبَيرَ بنَ نُفَيرٍ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أخبَرَه قال: رأى عليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَوبَينِ مُعَصفَرَينِ فقالَ: \"إنَّ هذه مِن ثيابِ الكُفّارِ فلا تَلبَسْها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ، أنَّ خالِدَ بنَ مَعدانَ حَدَّثَه، وقالَ: ثَوبَينِ أصفَرَينِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\nورَواه عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ وهَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن أبيه عن يَحيَى (^٤).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ فأخبَرَ أن ذَلِكَ كان وهو مُحرِمٌ:\n\n٩١٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَيّاشٌ الرَّقّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ خالِدَ بنَ مَعدانَ الكَلاعِيَّ حَدَّثَه، عن جُبَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٠) بالإسناد الأول، وتقدم في (٦٠٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٧٧/ ٢٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٧٧/. . .) من طريق على بن المبارك به. وأبو عوانة (٨٥٣٦) من طريق همام بن يحيى به.","vol":"9","page":479},{"text":"ابنِ نُفَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيِّ قال: إنِّي لَجالِسٌ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ ببَيتِ المَقدِسِ، أو في المَسجِدِ، إذ طَلَعَ رَجُلٌ عَلَيه مُعَصفَرَةٌ ثيابُه، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو: أحرَمتُ في مِثلِ هذا الثَّوبِ فرآه علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فنَهانِي عن لُبسِه، ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ إلَى البَيتِ فصَنَعتُ به صَنيعًا، ولَوَدِدتُ أنِّى صَنَعتُ غَيرَه. قال: قُلتُ: ما الَّذِى صَنَعتَ؟ قال: أوقَدتُ له تَنّورًا ثُمَّ طَرَحتُه فيهِ.\nوروَاه عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، فأخبَرَ أنَّه لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ لِلنِّساءِ:\n\n٩١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: هَبَطْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن ثَنيَّةِ أذاخِرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في صَلاتِه، قال: ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلىَّ وعَليَّ رَيطَةٌ مُضَرَّجَةٌ بعُصفُرٍ، فقالَ: \"ما هذه الرِّيطَةُ عَلَيكَ؟ \". فعَرَفتُ ما كَرِهَ، فأتَيتُ أهلِى وهُم يَسجُرونَ تَنّورًا لهم فقَذَفتُها فيه ثُمَّ أتَيتُه الغَدَ، فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللهِ ما فعَلَتِ الرِّيْطَةُ؟ \". فأخبَرتُه، قال: \"أفَلا كَسَوتَها بَعضَ أهلِكَ؟! فإِنَّه لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^١). واللَّفظُ لمسَدَّدٍ.\nوكانَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يُشيرُ إلَى أنَّه يَختَصُّ بالنَّهىِ عنه دونَ غَيرِه:\n\n٩١٩٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٠٣٩).","vol":"9","page":480},{"text":"الحِمصيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: نَهانِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولا أقولُ: نَهاكُم - عن تَخَتُّمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعن لُبسِ القِسِّيِّ، وعن لُبسِ المُفَدَّمِ (^١) مِنَ المُعَصفَرِ، وعن القِراءَةِ راكِعًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ (^٣).\n\n٩١٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ - مَدينِيٌّ - عن عَمَّه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَرَجَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - حاجًّا، وابتَنَى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ بامرأتِه فباتَ عِندَها، ثُمَّ غَدا إلَى مَكَّةَ فأتَى النّاسَ وهُم بمَلَلٍ (^٤) قَبلَ أن يَروحوا. قال: فرآه عثمانُ - ﵁ - وعَلَيه رَدعُ الطِّيبِ ومِلحَفَةٌ مُعَصفَرَةٌ مُفَدَّمَةٌ فانتَهَرَه وأفَّفَ (^٥)، وقالَ: تَلبَسُ المُعصفَرَ وقَد نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عنه! قال: فقالَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ -:\n_________\n(^١) المفدم: المشبع حمرة. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٤٢١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٨٣٠) عن أحمد بن الفرج الحمصى به. والنسائي (١٠٤١، ٥١٨٨) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وتقدم في (٢٦٠١، ٤٢٦٩، ٤٢٧٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤٨٠/ ٢١٣).\n(^٤) في س: \"بملك\" وملل: واد كبير يمر على نحو من أربعين كيلا جنوب المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢١٠.\n(^٥) أفَّف: أي قال: أف لك. وهي صوت إذا صوت به الإنسان علم أنه متضجر متكره. النهاية ١/ ٥٥، والتاج ١/ ١٠٧ (أ ف ف).","vol":"9","page":481},{"text":"إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَنهَكَ ولا إيَّاه إنَّما عَنانِي أنا. فسَكَتَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - (^١). هذا الإِسنادُ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ، وحُكمُ عليٍّ - ﵁ - بالتَّخصيصِ في الرِّوايَةِ الصَّحيحَةِ غَيرُ مَنصوصَةٍ (^٢)، وحَديثُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ في نَهىِ الرِّجالِ عن ذَلِكَ عامٌّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2038>بابُ الحِنّاءُ لَيسَ بطِيبٍ</span>\n\n٩١٩٦ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهزِّمٍ، أخبَرتْنِى كَريمَةُ بنتُ هَمَّامٍ الطّائيَّةُ قالَت: كُنَّا في مَسجِدِ الحَرامِ وعائشَةُ فيه فجَلَسْنا إلَيها، فقالَت لها امرأةٌ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ ما تَقولينَ في الحِنّاءِ والخِضَابِ؟ قالَت: كان خَليلِى لا يُحِبُّ ريحَه (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن كَريمَةَ بمَعناه في خِضابِ الحِنَّاءِ (^٤).\nوفيه كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّ الحِنّاءَ لَيسَ بطيبٍ، فقَد كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحِبُّ الطِّيبَ ولا يُحِبُّ ريحَ الحِنَّاءِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٠٥: ابن قادم ضعيف.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٦١) من طريق محمد بن مهزم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٦٤) من طريق على بن المبارك عن يحيى بن أبي كثير عن كريمة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٣٦٥) من طريق على بن المبارك قال: سمعت كريمة. وكذا ذكره المزى في التحفة ١٢/ ٤٣٢ عن أبي داود والنسائي بدون ذكر يحيى بن أبي كثير. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٨٩٣).","vol":"9","page":482},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2039>بابُ المُحرِمِ لا يَحلِقُ شَعَرَه ولا يَقطَعُه وما يَجِبُ في قَطعِه وحَلقِهِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦].\n\n٩١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: في الشَّعرَةِ مُدٌّ، وفِي الشَّعرَتَينِ مُدّانِ، وفِي الثلاثِ فصاعِدًا دَمٌ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعَطاءٍ أنَّهُما قالا: في ثَلاثِ شَعَراتٍ دَمٌ، النّاسِى والمُتَعَمِّدُ فيها سَواءٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2040>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَنكَسِرُ ظُفُرُه</span>\n\n٩١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فنجُويَه الدَّينَوَرِيُّ بالدّامَغانِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ ماهانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: المُحرِمُ يَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ، ويَنزِعُ ضِرسَه، ويَشَمُّ الرَّيحانَ، وإِذا انكَسَرَ ظُفُرُه طَرَحَه. ويَقولُ: أميطوا عَنكُمُ الأذَى فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لا يَصنَعُ بأذاكُم شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٤٧) عن الحسن وعطاء.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٨٨٨، ١٤٨٠٣، ١٤٩٩٩)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٢ من طريق أيوب به. وسيأتي في (٩٢١٠). وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣١: قال الشيخ في الإمام: قال المنذري: =","vol":"9","page":483},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2041>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَكْتَحِلُ بما لَيسَ بطيبٍ</span>\n\n٩١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، أخبرَنِي نُبَيهُ بنُ وهبٍ قال: اشتَكَى عُمَرُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ عَينَيه بمَلَلٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فأرسَلَ إلَى أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ يَسألُه: أىُّ شَئٍ يُعالِجُه؟ فقالَ له أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ: اضمِدْهُما بالصَّبِرِ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ يُخبِرُ بذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُضَمِّدُهُما بالصَّبِرِ (^١) \". رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ التُّستَرِيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن نُبَيه بنِ وهبٍ (^٣)، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ اشتَكَى عينَه (^٤) وهو مُحرِمٌ فأرادَ أن يَكحَلَها (^٥) فأمَرَ أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ أن\n_________\n= حديث حسن، وإسناده ثقات.\n(^١) الصبر: عصارة شجر مر. التاج ١٢/ ٢٨٠ (ص ب ر).\nوالحديث عند الحميدي (٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٧، ٤٩١) وأبو داود (١٨٣٨)، والترمذي (٩٥٢)، والنسائي (٢٧١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٥٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٠٤/ ٨٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"موهب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٣١٩.\n(^٤) في س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"عينيه\".\n(^٥) في م: \"يكحلهما\".","vol":"9","page":484},{"text":"يُضَمِّدَها بصبِرٍ، وزَعَمَ أنَّ عثمانَ - ﵁ - حَدَّثَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يَفعَلُه (^١).\n\n٩٢٠١ - ورَواه عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنِي نُبَيهُ بنُ وهبٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ رَمِدَت عَينُه فأرادَ أن يَكحَلَها، فنَهاه أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ وأمَرَه أن يُضَمِّدَها بالصَّبِرِ، وحَدَّثَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه فعَلَ ذَلِكَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ (^٤) بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لا يَكتَحِلُ المُحرِمُ بشَئٍ فيه طيبٌ ولا يَتَداوَى بهِ (^٥).\n\n٩٢٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا رَمِدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٥) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٣٧١) من طريق عبد الصمد بن عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٤/ ٩٠).\n(^٤) في س: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٧٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٦٣، ١٥٠٦٥) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"9","page":485},{"text":"وهو مُحرِمٌ أقطَرَ في عَينَيه الصَّبِرَ إقطارًا، وأنَّه قال: يَكتَحِلُ المُحرِمُ بأىِّ كُحلٍ إذا رَمِدَ ما لَم يَكتَحِلْ بطِيبٍ، ومِن غَيرِ رَمَدٍ. ابنُ عُمَرَ القائلُ (^١).\n\n٩٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِى عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن شُمَيسَةَ قالَت: اشتَكَت عَينِى وأنا مُحرِمَةٌ، فسألتُ عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ عن الكُحلِ فقالَت: اكتَحِلِى بأيِّ كُحلٍ شِئتِ غَيرَ الإثمِدِ - أو قالَت: غَيرَ كُلِّ كُحلٍ أسوَدَ - أمَا إنَّه لَيسَ بحَرامٍ ولَكِنَّه زينَةٌ ونَحنُ نَكْرَهُه. وقالَت: إن شِئتِ كَحَلتُكِ بصَبِرٍ. فأبَيتُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2042>بابُ الاغتِسالِ بعدَ الإحرامِ</span>\n\n٩٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنِي عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ اختَلَفا بالأبواءِ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يَغسِلُ المُحرِمُ رأسَه. وقالَ المِسوَرُ: لا يَغسِلُ المُحرِمُ رأسَه. فأرسَلَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ إلَى أبى أيُّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ فوَجَدتُه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٤٢٨) من طريق هشام عن شميسة به.","vol":"9","page":486},{"text":"يَغتَسِلُ بَينَ القَرنَينِ (^١) وهو يُستَرُ بثَوبٍ. قال: فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه فقالَ: مَن هَذا؟ فقُلتُ: أنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُنَينٍ، أرسَلَنِى إلَيكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ ليَسألَكَ كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغسِلُ رأسَه وهو مُحرِمٌ؟ قال: فوَضَعَ أبو أيُّوبَ يَدَه على الثَّوبِ فطأطَأَه حَتَّى بَدا لِى رأسُه، ثُمَّ قال لإِنسانٍ يَصُبُّ عَلَيه: اصبُبْ. فصَبَّ على رأسِه، ثُمَّ حَرَّكَ رأسَه بيَدَيه فأقبَلَ بهِما وأدبَرَ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُه - ﷺ - يَفْعَلُ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنَا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، أنَّ صَفوانَ بنَ يَعلَى أخبَرَه، عن أبيه يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ أَنَّه قال: بَينَما عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَغتَسِلُ إلَى بَعيرٍ وأنا أستُرُ عَلَيه بثَوبٍ، إذ قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا يَعلَى اصبُبْ على رأسِى. فقُلتُ: أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ أعلمُ! فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: واللهِ ما يَزيدُ الماءُ الشَّعَرَ إلَّا شَعَثًا. فسَمَّى اللَّهَ ثُمَّ أفاضَ على رأسِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) القرنان: هما قرنا البئر، وهما منارتان تبنيان من حجارة أو مدر على رأس البئر من جانبها ويلقى عليها الخشب. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٥، ومالك ١/ ٣٢٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٥٤٨)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٣٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٤٠) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٤٠)، ومسلم (١٢٠٥/ ٩١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٦. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٣٤٥) من =","vol":"9","page":487},{"text":"٩٢٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رُبَّما قال لِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: تَعالَ أُباقيكَ في الماءِ أيُّنا أطوَلُ نَفَسًا. ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ (^١).\n\n٩٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عاصِمَ بنَ عُمَرَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ زَيدٍ وقَعا في البحرِ يَتَماقَلانِ - يُغَيِّبُ أحَدُهُما رأسَ صاحِبِه - وعُمَرُ يَنظُرُ إلَيهِما فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِما (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2043>بابُ دُخولِ الحَمّامِ في الإِحرامِ وحَكِّ الرّأسِ والجَسدِ</span>\n\n٩٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه دَخَلَ حَمَّامًا وهو بالجُحفَةِ وهو مُحرِمٌ، وقالَ: ما يَعبأُ اللهُ بأوساخِنا شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n= طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٦٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٩٠) من طريق عبد الكريم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٠٠) من طريق آخر عن ابن عمر بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٧٥)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٢٣ (٨١٦ - شفاء العى).","vol":"9","page":488},{"text":"٩٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أيُّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: المُحرِمُ يَشَمُّ الرَّيحانَ، ويَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ، ويَنزِعُ ضِرسَه، ويَفقأُ القَرحَةَ، وإِذا انكَسَرَ ظُفُرُه أماطَ عنه الأذَى (^١).\n\n٩٢١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي يَحيَى، أنَّ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّام أمَرَ بوَسَخٍ في ظَهرِه فحُكَّ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٢).\n\n٩٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال في حَكِّ المُحرِمِ رأسَه قال: ببَطنِ أنامِلِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٢١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِيُّ، حدثنا خَلَفٌ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي مِجْلَزٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَحُكُّ رأسَه وهو مُحرِمٌ ففَطِنتُ له،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٥٢)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٢. وتقدم في (٩١٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٧٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٥، وعنده: \"ابن أبي نجيح\" بدلًا من: \"ابن أبي يحيى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٤٥٠. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٠٧: ابن أبي يحيى واه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥١٦٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":489},{"text":"فإِذا هو يَحُكُّهُ (^١) بأطرافِ أنامِلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبي عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه، أنَّها سَمِعت عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - تُسألُ عن المُحرِمِ: أيَحُكُّ جَسَدَه؟ فقالَت: نَعَم، فليَحُكَّ (^٣) وليَشدُدْ. وقالَت عائشَةُ: لَو رُبِطَتْ يَدِى ولَم أجِدْ إلَّا أن أحُكَّ برِجلِى لَحَكَكتُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2044>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَغسِلُ رأسَه بالسِّدرِ والخِطمِىِّ</span>\nمَن كَرِهَه احتَجَّ بما رُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في شَعَثِ الحاجِّ (^٥). وأسقَطَ عنه الفِديَةَ بما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في المُحرِمِ الَّذِى ماتَ: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ ولا تُقَرِّبوه طيبًا\" (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2045>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَغسِلُ ثيابَه</span>\n\n٩٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يحك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥١٦٧) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"فليحكك\"، وفى الموطأ: \"فليحككه\".\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٥٨.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٧١١).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٧١٦ - ٦٧٢٢).","vol":"9","page":490},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، أنَّ امرأةً سألَتِ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَت: أغسِلُ ثيابِى وأنا مُحرِمَةٌ؟ فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ لا يَصنَعُ بدَرَنِكِ شَيئًا (^١).\n\n٩٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: المُحرِمُ يَغتَسِلُ ويَغسِلُ ثَوبَيه إن شاءَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2046>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَنظُرُ في المِرآةِ</span>\n\n٩٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنه نَظَرَ في المِرآةِ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٣).\n\n٩٢١٨ - ورُوِّينا عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ أن يَنظُرَ في المِرآةِ وهو مُحرِمٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٩٢١٩ - ورَوَى عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أن يَنظُرَ في المِرآةِ الحَرامُ إلَّا مِن وجَعٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٦٣) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٧٧)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٢٤ (٨١٧ - شفاء العى).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٨٠) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"9","page":491},{"text":"أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ لَيسَ بالقَويِّ (^٢)، والرِّوايَةُ الأولَى أصَحُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2047>بابُ الحِجامَةِ لِلمُحرِمِ</span>\n\n٩٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ وعَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدِّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبي عَلقَمَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ بُحَينَةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ١٢/ ٤٨ عن ابن جريج به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٠٨: هذا منقطع.\n(^٢) عطاء بن أبي مسلم الخراساني أبو أيوب، واسم أبى مسلم عبد الله، ويقال: ميسرة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٤، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٣٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٠٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٣: صدوق، يهم كثيرًا، ويرسل ويدلس.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٣)، وأبو داود (١٨٣٥)، والترمذي (٨٣٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٩٥)، ومسلم (١٢٠٢/ ٨٧).","vol":"9","page":492},{"text":"احتَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بلَحْىِ جَمَلٍ (^١) في طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ وسَطَ رأسِه وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ ومُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ الرّازِيُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ. بمِثلِ إسنادِه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2048>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَستاكُ</span>\n\n٩٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ والحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن النُّعمانِ، عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وطاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو مُحرِمٌ مِن وجَعٍ؟ وهَل تَسَوَّكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وهو مُحرِمٌ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) لحى جمل: موضع بين مكة والمدينة، وهى إلى المدينة أقرب. معجم البلدان ٢/ ١١٨، ٤/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (١٨٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٨١)، وابن حبان (٣٩٥٣) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٢٤) عن أبي سلمة الخزاعي به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٩٨)، ومسلم (١٢٠٣/ ٨٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو يعلى في معجمه (١٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥٥)، والطبراني (١١٥٠٠) من طريق الحكم بن موسى به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٣٢: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"9","page":493},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2049>بابُ المُحرِمِ لا يَنكِحُ ولا يُنكِحُ</span>\n\n٩٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ (^١)، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ أخِى بَنِى عبدِ الدَّارِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ أرادَ أن يُزَوِّجَ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُمَرَ ابنَةَ شَيبَةَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، فأرسَلَ إلَى أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ ليُحضِرَه ذَلِكَ وهُما مُحرِمانِ، فأنكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه أبانٌ وقالَ: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ، ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ النَّسائيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ ويَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) من هنا سقط من المخطوط \"س\" إلى أول الحديث (٩٢٥٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٦٧)، والمعرفة (٢٨٨٥، ٤٢٤١)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٧٧، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٠١، ٥٣٤)، والنسائي (٢٨٤٢، ٢٨٤٣، ٣٢٧٥)، وابن ماجه (١٩٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٩)، وابن حبان (٤١٢٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٤١) عن القعنبى به. وعند بعضهم بدون: \"ولا يخطب\". وسيأتي في (١٤٣١٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤١).","vol":"9","page":494},{"text":"وهبٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَنْكِحُ المُحرِمُ، ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\" (^١). قال: وقالَ نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الخطابِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَواءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ هذا القَولَ، غَيرَ أنَّه لا يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الخطابِ زيادِ بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَي، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عثمانَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٢) عن عبد الله بن بكر السهمى به. وأحمد (٤٦٢)، وأبو داود (١٨٤٢)، والنسائي (٣٢٧٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وسيأتي في (١٤٣١٥).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٤٣١٧، ١٤٣٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المسند المستخرج (٣٢٧٩) من طريق يوسف القاضي به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٢، ٤٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٢٦)، من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٤٦٦) من طريق أيوب بن موسى به.","vol":"9","page":495},{"text":"٩٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^١).\nورَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ فقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"المُحرِمُ لا يَنكِحُ، ولا يُنكِحُ\".\n\n٩٢٢٩ - وروَاه الشَّافِعِيُّ عن سُفيانَ وقالَ: \"المُحرِمُ لا يَنكِحُ، ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\". وقالا جَميعًا: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَراه (^٢).\n\n٩٢٣٠ - ورَواه أيضًا سعيدُ بنُ أبى هِلالٍ، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبانٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّى قال: حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٨٤)، والشافعي ٥/ ٧٨، والحميدى (٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المسند المستخرج (٣٢٨١) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٥).","vol":"9","page":496},{"text":"٩٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الشَّعثاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَكَحَ وهو مُحرِمٌ. فقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ الأصَمِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَكَحَ مَيمونَةَ وهو حَلالٌ، وهِىَ خالَتُه. قال: فقُلتُ لابنِ شِهابٍ: أتَجعَلُ أعرابيًّا بَوّالًا على عَقِبَيه إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ؟ وهِىَ خالَةُ ابنِ عباسٍ أيضًا (^١)! رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ إلَى قَولِه: نَكَحَها وهو حَلالٌ (^٢).\nويَزيدُ بنُ الأصَمِّ لَم يَقُلْه عن نَفسِه، إنَّما حَدَّثَ به عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ:\n\n٩٢٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ النَّسَوِىُّ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبو فزارَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى مَيمونَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ - ﵂ - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَها وهو حَلالٌ. قال: وكانَت خالَتِى وخالَةَ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩٦، والحميدى (٥٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٩)، والبخاري (٥١١٤)، والنسائي (٣٢٧٢)، وابن ماجه (١٩٦٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٣٤٩٥، ١٤٣٢٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤١٠/ ٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٥٩)، والمعرفة (٢٨٨٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣١١٥)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٩٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٢٨)، والترمذي (٨٤٥) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وابن حبان =","vol":"9","page":497},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا مَيمونُ بنُ مِهرانَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ -:\n\n٩٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعِيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَحْمِشُ (^٢) بنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ زَروانَ (^٣)، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن خالَتِه مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها حَدَّثَته، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَها حَلالًا، وبَنَى بها حَلالًا، تَزَوَّجَها وهو بسَرِفَ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ (^٥) الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ وهو ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَيمونَةَ حَلالًا وبَنَى بها حَلالًا، وكُنتُ أنا الرَّسولَ بَينَهُما (^٦).\n_________\n= (٤١٣٦) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٣٤٩٥).\n(^١) مسلم (١٤١١/ ٤٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٤، م: \"محمد\". والمثبت مما تقدم في (١٣٧٠، ١٤٠٣).\n(^٣) كذا هنا، وينظر التعليق المتقدم في (٢٤٩).\n(^٤) مشيخة ابن طهمان (٦٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٤٠٤)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٦٩٧٨) من طريق حفص بن عبد الله به. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٢١).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٣٤٠٢، ٤٠٤٤، ٤٤٥٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٩٧)، والترمذي (٨٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٤٠٢)، من طريق حماد بن =","vol":"9","page":498},{"text":"٩٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي غَطَفانَ ابنِ طَريفٍ المُرِّىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه، أنَّ أباه طَريفًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وهو مُحرِمٌ، فرَدَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - نِكاحَه (^١).\n\n٩٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى القَطّانُ، عن مَيمونٍ المَرَئىِّ (^٢)، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عليٍّ قال: مَن تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ نَزَعْنا مِنه امرأتَه (^٣).\n\n٩٢٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ هو ابنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ، فإِن نَكَحَ رُدَّ نِكاحُه (^٤).\n\n٩٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قال لَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ\n_________\n= زيد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٢٤).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٢٤٦)، والشافعي ٥/ ٧٨، ١٧٨، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٩. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٣١).\n(^٢) في ص ٤، م: \"المرائى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٥٠. وتقدم في (٤٨٨٥).\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤١٠. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٣٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣١١٦) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به، وفيه: أن عمر وعليًّا قالا: المحرم لا ينكح ولا ينكح، فإن نكح فنكاحه باطل.","vol":"9","page":499},{"text":"محمدٍ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ موسَى، عن شَوذَبٍ مَولًى لِزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٢).\n\n٩٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ موسَى قال: تَزَوَّجْتُ وأنا مُحرِمٌ فسألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما (^٣).\n\n٩٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فأجمَعَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ على أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2050>بابُ لا رَفَثَ ولا فُسوقَ ولا جِدالَ في الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٩٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في مسائله عن أبيه (٨٨٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٣٤).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٤٣٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٦٠ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٨٢ عن يحيى بن سعيد عن سعيد.","vol":"9","page":500},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن حَجَّ هذا البَيتَ فلَم يَرفُثْ ولَم يَفسُقْ رَجَعَ كَيَومِ ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: الرَّفَثُ الجِماعُ، والفُسوقُ ما أُصيبَ مِن مَعاصِى اللَّهِ مِن صَيدٍ أو غَيرِه، والجِدالُ السِّبابُ والمُنازَعَةُ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في هذا الكِتابِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: الرَّفَثُ الجِماعُ، والفُسوقُ المَعاصِى، والجِدالُ المِراءُ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: الرَّفَثُ الجِماعُ، والفُسوقُ السِّبابُ، والجِدالُ أن تُمارِىَ صاحِبَكَ حَتَّى تُغضِبَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٤) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وسيأتي في (١٠٤٨١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٢٠)، ومسلم (١٣٥٠/. . .).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٥٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٦. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٦٧، ٤٧٣، ٤٨٢ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٩٥٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٦٣، ٤٧٥، ٤٨١، ٤٨٢ من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"9","page":501},{"text":"٩٢٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧] قال: الرَّفَثُ التَّعَرُّضُ لِلنِّساءِ بالجِماعِ، والفُسوقُ عِصيانُ اللَّهِ، والجِدالُ جِدالُ النّاسِ (^١).\n\n٩٢٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ طاوُسًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: لا يَحِلُّ لِلحَرامِ الإعرابُ. قال: فقُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: ما الإعرابُ؟ قال: التَّعَرُّضُ. يَعنِى بالجِماعِ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُصينٍ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قال: كُنتُ أمشِى مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ وهو يَرتَجِزُ بالإِبِلِ وهو يقولُ (^٣):\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٣٨ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٥٨، ٤٦٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١/ ٣٤٥ (١٨٢٣) من طريق ابن طاوس به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨١١: على ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٦١ من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٦٩٤) من طريق طاوس به.\n(^٣) الرجز أورده الأزهري في تهذيب اللغة ٥/ ٩٠ غير منسوب لأحد، وكذلك ابن عطية في المحرر الوجيز ١/ ٥٥٥، والبغوى في تفسيره ١/ ٢٦٦ وغيرهم.","vol":"9","page":502},{"text":"وهُنَّ يَمشينَ بنا هَميسَا (^١)\nقال: فقُلتُ له: أتَرفُثُ وأنتَ مُحرِمٌ؟ قال: إنَّما الرَّفَثُ ما روجِعَ به النِّساءُ.\nسَقَطَ مِن هذا المِصراعُ الآخَرُ، وهو:\nإن تَصدُقِ الطَّيرُ نَنِكْ لَميسَا (^٢)\nذَكَرَه الثَّورِىُّ وغَيرُه عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُصينٍ، عن أبيه قال: نَزَلَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵁ - عن راحِلَتِه فجَعَلَ يَسوقُها وهو يَرتَجِزُ، وهو يقولُ:\nوهُنَّ يَمشينَ بنا هَميسَا\nإن تَصْدُقِ الطَّيرُ نَفعَلْ لَميسَا\nذَكَرَ الجِماعَ ولَم يَكْنِ عنه، فقُلتُ: يا أبا عباسٍ تَقولُ الرَّفَثَ وأنتَ مُحرِمٌ؟ فقالَ: إنَّما الرَّفَثُ ما رُوجِعَ به النِّساءُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الهميس: صوت نقل أخفاف الإبل. اللسان ٦/ ٢٥٠ (هـ م س).\n(^٢) لميس: المرأة اللينة الملمس، وهو هنا اسم جارية. التاج ١٦/ ٤٨٦ (ل م س)، والمغرب ١/ ٣٣٧ (ر ف ث).\nوالأثر عند الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٦. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٦٠ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٦٩٠) من طريق أبى معاوية عن الأعمش به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٣٤٥ - تفسير).","vol":"9","page":503},{"text":"٩٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إذا سَمِعَ الحادِىَ قال: لا تُعَرِّضْ بذِكرِ النِّساءِ (^١). وكَذا قالَه وكيعٌ (^٢) والزُّبَيرِىُّ.\n\n٩٢٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَنهَى أن يُعَرِّضَ الحادِى بذِكرِ النِّساءِ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٣). وكَذا قالَه يَحيَى القَطّانُ وجَماعَةٌ (^٤)، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2051>بابُ المُحرِمِ يُؤَدِّبُ عبدَه</span>\n\n٩٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حُجّاجًا وإنَّ زِمالَةَ (^٥) رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وزِمالَةَ أبى بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١٧٠، ١٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٧ عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١٧١. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٦٣ من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٤) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٧، والمعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ١٧١.\n(^٥) الزمالة: مركوبهما وأداتهما وما كان معهما من أدوات السفر. النهاية ٢/ ٧٨١.","vol":"9","page":504},{"text":"واحِدٌ، فنَزَلْنا العَرْجَ، وكانَت زِمالَتُنا مَعَ غُلامِ أبى بكرٍ. قالَت: فجَلَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وجَلَسَت عائشَةُ إلَى جَنبِه، وجَلَسَ أبو بكرٍ إلَى جَنبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الشِّقِّ الآخَرِ، وجَلَستُ إلَى جَنبِ أبى نَنتَظِرُ غُلامَه وزِمالَتَه حَتَّى يأتيَنا، فاطَّلَعَ الغُلامُ يَمشِى وما مَعَه بَعيرُه. قال: فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ: أينَ بَعيرُكَ؟ قال: أضَلَّنِى اللَّيلَةَ. قالَت: فقامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَضرِبُه ويَقولُ: بَعيرٌ واحِدٌ أضَلَّكَ وأنتَ رَجُلٌ! فما يَزيدُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أن يَتَبَسَّمَ ويَقولُ: \"انظُروا إلَى هذا المُحرِمِ وما يَصنَعُ؟ \" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2052>بابُ الاختيارِ لِلمُحرِمِ والحَلالِ أن يَكونَ قَولُهُما بذِكرِ اللَّهِ أو بما تَعودُ عَلَيهِما مَنفَعَتُه في دينٍ أو دُنيا</span>\n\n٩٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبي شُرَيحٍ الخُزاعِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليُكرِمْ ضَيفَه، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليُحسِنْ إلَى جارِه، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليَقُلْ خَيرًا أو ليَصمُتْ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٣، ٤٥٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩١٦)، وأبو داود (١٨١٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٩) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٠٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٥٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٥٩)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (١٠٢)، والنسائي، كما في تحفة الأشراف ٩/ ٢٢٤، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٨٧٢٣) من طريق أخر عن أبي شريح.","vol":"9","page":505},{"text":"البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي شُرَيحٍ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي الدُّنيا، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وأبو خَيثَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - مَرَّ عَلَيه قَومٌ مُحرِمونَ وفيهِم رَجُلٌ يَتَغَنَّى، فقالَ: ألا لا سَمِعَ اللهُ لَكُم! ألا لا سَمِعَ اللهُ لَكُم (^٣)!\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2053>بابُ لا يُضَيَّقُ على واحِدٍ مِنهُما أن يَتَكَلَّمَ بما لا يأثَمُ فيه مِن شِعرٍ أو غَيرِهِ</span>\n\n٩٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الأسوَدِ بنِ عبدِ يَغوثَ أخبَرَه، أنَّ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ الشِّعرِ حِكمَةً\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٨/ ٧٧)، والبخاري (٦٠١٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠١٨، ٦١٣٦، ٦١٣٨، ٦٤٧٥)، ومسلم (٤٧). وسيأتي في (١٦٧٤١).\n(^٣) ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم الملاهى (٤٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٣٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٨٦)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٥٨) عن أبى اليمان به. وسيأتي في (٢١١٣٩).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦١٤٥).","vol":"9","page":506},{"text":"٩٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشِّعرُ كَلامٌ؛ حَسَنُه كَحَسَنِ الكَلامِ، وقَبيحُه كَقَبيحِه\" (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٩٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، سَمِعَ عُمَرُ رَجُلًا يَتَغَنَّى بفَلاةٍ مِنَ الأرضِ، فقالَ: الغِناءُ مِن زادِ الرّاكِبِ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ (^٣) القاسِمِ الأزرَقِىُّ (^٤)، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ رَكِبَ راحِلَةً له وهو مُحرِمٌ، فتَدَلَّت فجَعَلَت تُقَدِّمُ يَدًا وتُؤَخِّرُ أُخرَى. قال الرَّبيعُ: أظُنُّه قال عُمَرُ:\nكأنَّ راكِبَها غُصنٌ بمَروَحَةٍ (^٥) ... إذا تَدَلَّت به أو شارِبٌ ثَمِلُ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٩٤، ٥٩٧٢)، والشافعي في مسنده ٢/ ٤١١ (٦٧٣ - شفاء العى).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٣٠) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أبو\". وينظر تعجيل المنفعة ١/ ٧٩١.\n(^٤) في تعجيل المنفعة \"الأزرق\". وكذا ذكر في ترجمة أبيه في التعجيل أيضًا ١/ ٤٤٧.\n(^٥) المروحة: الموضع الذي تخترقه الرياح. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٦) ثمل: إذا أخذ فيه الشراب وسكر. المعجم الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٠ (ث م ل).\nوالبيت بلا نسبة في الاشتقاق ص ٥٢، وترتيب إصلاح المنطق ص ٣٤٩، واللسان ٢/ ٤٥٥، ١٤/ ٢٦٤ (روح، د ل و). ونسبه في الكنز اللغوى ص ١٢٤، ١٤٨ إلى ذى الرمة.","vol":"9","page":507},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ (^١).\n\n٩٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، أنَّ الحارِثَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه بَينا هو يَسيرُ مَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ في خِلافَتِه ومَعَه المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ، فتَرَنَّمَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ببَيتٍ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ، لَيسَ مَعَه عِراقِىٌّ غَيرُه: غَيرُكَ فليَقُلْها يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فاستَحيا عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مِن ذَلِكَ وضَرَبَ راحِلَتَه حَتَّى انقَطَعَت مِنَ المَوكِبِ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ (^٣) الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن ضَمرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حُذَيفَةَ، عن خَوّاتِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: خَرَجْنا حُجّاجًا مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. قال: فسِرْنا في رَكبٍ فيهِم أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ الجَرّاحِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ. قال: فقالَ القَومُ: غَنِّنا يا خَوّاتُ. فغَنّاهُم\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ١/ ٥٤٦ في مسنده (٨٧٠ - شفاء العى).\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧٣ من طريق الزهري به، وفيه وفى نسخة في حاشية المطبوع: الركب. بدل: الموكب.\n(^٣) إلى هنا انتهى السقط من المخطوط: \"س\" والمشار إلى أوله في (٩٢٢٤).","vol":"9","page":508},{"text":"فقالوا: غَنِّنا مِن شِعرِ ضِرارٍ (^١). فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: دَعوا أبا عبدِ اللهِ يَتَغَنَّى (^٢) مِن بُنَيّاتِ فُؤادِه. يَعنِى مِن شِعرِه. قال: فما زِلتُ أُغَنّيهِم حَتَّى إذا كان السَّحَرُ فقالَ عُمَرُ: ارفَعْ لِسانَكَ يا خَوّاتُ فقَد أسحَرْنا. فقال أبو عُبَيدَةَ - ﵁ -: هَلُمَّ إلَى رَجُلٍ أرجو ألَّا يَكونَ شَرًّا مِن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -. قال: فتَنَحَّيتُ وأبو عُبَيدَةَ، فما زِلْنا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى صَلَّينا (^٣) الفَجرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2054>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَلبَسُ المِنطَقَةَ والهِميانَ (^٥) لِلنَّفَقَةِ والخاتَمَ</span>\n\n٩٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها سُئلت عن الهِميانِ لِلمُحرِمِ فقالَت: وما بأسٌ، ليَستَوثِقْ مِن نَفَقَتِهِ (^٦).\n\n٩٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"ضراب\". وهو ضرار بن الخطاب بن مرداس بن كثير. ينظر الإصابة ٥/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٢) في س: \"يغنى\".\n(^٣) في س: \"طلع\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ٤٨٣ عن أبي طاهر به، دون ذكر قول أبى عبيدة الأخير. وأبو نعيم في الأربعين على مذهب المتحققين من الصوفية (٥٩) من طريق يونس بن محمد به، دون ذكر قول أبى عبيدة وما بعده. وينظر الاستيعاب ٢/ ٤٥٦، ٤٥٧ والإصابة ٣/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٥) الهميان: معرب، يشبه تكة السراويل، يجعل فيها النفقة، ويشد في الوسط. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١١، وفتح الباري ٣/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٦٦٩) عن حفص بن غياث عن يحيى به نحوه.","vol":"9","page":509},{"text":"ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ البَرذَعِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الوَليدِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رُخِّصَ لِلمُحرِمِ في الخاتَمِ والهِميانِ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُحرِزُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، ورُبَّما ذَكَرَه عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا بأسَ بالهِميانِ والخاتَمِ لِلمُحرِمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2055>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَتَقَلَّدُ السَّيفَ</span>\n\n٩٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: لما صالَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُشرِكِى قُرَيشٍ كَتَبَ بَينَهُم كِتابًا: \"هذا ما صالَحَ عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ\". قالوا: لَو عَلِمْنا أنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ لَم نُقاتِلْكَ. قال لِعَلِىٍّ: \"امحُه\". فأبَى، فمَحاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه، وكَتَبَ: \"هذا ما صالَحَ عَلَيه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ\". واشتَرَطوا عَليهِ أن يُقيموا ثَلاثًا، ولا يَدخُلوا مَكَّةَ بسِلاحٍ إلَّا جُلُبّانَ السِّلاحِ. قال شُعبَةُ: قُلتُ لأبِى إسحاقَ: ما\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٤: \"البردعى\". بالدال المهملة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٣ من طريق الهيثم بن جميل به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"9","page":510},{"text":"جُلُبّانُ السِّلاحِ؟ قال: السَّيفُ بقِرابِه أو بما فيه (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2056>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَستَظِلُّ بما شاءَ ما لَم يَمَسَّ رأسَهُ</span>\n\n٩٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن (^٣) أُمِّ الحُصَينِ حَدَّثَته قالَت: حَجَجتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ، فرأيتُ أُسامَةَ وبِلالًا وأحَدُهُما آخِذٌ بخِطامِ ناقَتِه، والآخَرُ رافِعٌ ثَوبَه يَستُرُه مِنَ الحَرِّ، حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٤٦، والطيالسى (٧٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٤٥، ١٨٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٨٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٧٧) من طريق شعبة به. والموضع الأول عند أحمد ورواية أبي داود باختصار، وسيأتي في (١٣٤١٦، ١٣٤١٧، ١٨٨٦٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٩٨)، ومسلم (١٧٨٣/ ٩٠، ٩١).\n(^٣) في م: \"أن\".\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٧٢٥٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٨٣٤)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٦٠) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٨) من طريق زيد بن أبي أنيسة به. وسيأتي في (٩٦٣١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٩٨/ ٣١٢).","vol":"9","page":511},{"text":"صَحِبتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في الحَجِّ، فما رأيتُه مُضطَرِبًا فُسطاطًا (^١) حَتَّى رَجَعَ.\nقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ: وأظُنُّه قال في حَديثِه أو غَيرِه: كان يَنزِلُ تَحتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ويَستَظِلُّ بنِطَعٍ أو بكِساءٍ والشَّئِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2057>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ لِلمُحرِمِ أن يَضحَى لِلشَّمسِ</span>\n\n٩٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ قال: أبصَرَ ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - رَجُلًا على بَعيرِه وهو مُحرِمٌ قَدِ استَظَلَّ بَينَه وبَينَ الشَّمسِ، فقالَ له: أضحِ (^٣) لمَن أحرَمتَ لَه (^٤).\n\n٩٢٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ\n_________\n(^١) الفسطاط: بيت يتخذ من الشعر، واضطرب الفسطاط: نصبه وأقامه على أوتاد مضروبة في الأرض. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ١٠/ ١٤، والنهاية ٣/ ٨٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٨٩٩)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٢٤ (٨١٩ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٤٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) أضح: اظهر واعتزل الكن والظل، يقال: ضَحَيت للشمس وضَحِيتُ أضْحَى: إذا برزت لها وظهرت، قال الجوهري: يرويه المحدثون: أَضْحِ بفتح الألف وكسر الحاء، وإنما هو بالعكس. النهاية ٣/ ٧٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٤٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.","vol":"9","page":512},{"text":"دينارٍ، أنَّ عَطاءً حَدَّثَه، أنَّه رأى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ جَعَلَ على وسَطِ راحِلَتِه عودًا، وجَعَلَ ثَوبًا يَستَظِلُّ به مِنَ الشَّمسِ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فلَقيَه ابنُ عُمَرَ فنَهاه.\n\n٩٢٦٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدَنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِن مُحرِمٍ يَضحَى لِلشَّمسِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ، إلَّا غَرَبَت بذُنوبِه حَتَّى يَعودَ كما ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، وما قَبلَه مَوقوفٌ، وحَديثُ أُمِّ الحُصَينِ حَديثٌ صحيحٌ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2058>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَموتُ</span>\n\n٩٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَزّازُ العَبدُ الصّالِحُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا كان واقِفًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على ناقَةٍ له بعَرَفَةَ فوَقَصَته، أو قال: فأقعَصَته، فماتَ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ، وكَفِّنوه في ثَوبَينِ - أو قال: في ثَوبَيه (^٢) - ولا تُحَنِّطوه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٦١ من طريق مطرف به. وتقدم في (٩٠٩٥).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"ثوبه\".","vol":"9","page":513},{"text":"فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبعَثُه يَومَ القيامَةِ يُلَبِّى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، سَمِعَ عمرًا (^٣)، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فخَرَّ رَجُلٌ عن بَعيرِه فوُقِصَ، وماتَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اغسِلوه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ وادفِنوه في ثَوبَيه، ولا تُخَمِّروا رأسَه، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يَبعَثُه وهو يُهِلُّ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٩٢٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، زادَ قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: وزادَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ قال: زادَ فيه سعيدُ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ولا تُقَرِّبوه طيبًا\" (^٦).\n\n٩٢٧١ - حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٧١٣ - ٦٧١٧، ٦٧٨٠، ٩١٥٤، ٩١٥٥، ٩١٥٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٤٩)، ومسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤: \"عمرو\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٣١) وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٧١٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٠٦/ ٩٣).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٩١٥٨).","vol":"9","page":514},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ ابنًا لِعُثمانَ - ﵁ - توُفِّىَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فلَم يُخَمِّرْ رأسَه، ولَم يُقَرِّبْه طيبًا (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٠٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٣.","vol":"9","page":515},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2059>جِماعُ أبوابِ دُخولِ مَكَّةَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2060>بابُ الغُسلِ لِدُخولِ مَكَّةَ</span>\n\n٩٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان لا يَقدَمُ مَكَّةَ إلَّا باتَ بذِى طُوًى (^١) حَتَّى يُصبِحَ ويَغتَسِلَ، ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ نَهارًا، ويَذكُرُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه فعَلَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أيّوبَ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حاتِمٍ ويَعقوبُ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا دَخَلَ أدنَى الحَرَمِ أمسَكَ عن التَّلبيَةِ، ثُمَّ يَبيتُ بذِى طُوًى، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى بنا الصُّبحَ ويَغتَسِلُ، ويُحَدِّثُ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n٩٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى،\n_________\n(^١) ذو طوى: واد بمكة. معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٧٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٠٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٦٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وتقدم في (٩٠٦٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٥٩/ ٢٢٧)، والبخاري (١٥٥٣، ١٧٦٩) تعليقًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤٠) من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٥٧٣).","vol":"9","page":516},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا دَنا مِن مَكَّةَ باتَ بذِى طُوًى بَينَ الثَّنيَّتَينِ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ التي بأعلَى مَكَّةَ، ولا يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ إذا خَرَجَ حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا حَتَّى يَغتَسِلَ قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بذِى طوًى، ويأمُرُ مَن مَعَه فيَغتَسِلونَ قَبلَ أن يَدخُلوا (^١).\nورُوِّينا في الغُسلِ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وعن عائشةَ - ﵄ - (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2061>بابُ الدُّخولِ مِن ثَنيَّةِ كَداءٍ </span>(^٣)\n\n٩٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ النَّسَوِىُّ وأبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ صالِحٍ صاحِبُ البُخارِىِّ قالوا: حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَزّازُ، نَسَبَه الحَسَنُ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا القاسِمُ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مِن كَداءٍ مِن أعلَى مَكَّةَ، وخَرَجَ في العُمرَةِ مِن كُدًى (^٤). قال هِشامٌ: فكانَ أبى يَدخُلُ مِنهُما كِلاهُما. قال: وكانَ أبى كَثيرًا ما يَدخُلُ مِن كُدًى. لَفظُ القاسِمِ، وقالوا:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٢٤، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٤٧، والمعرفة للمصنف ٤/ ٤٥، ٤٦.\n(^٣) كداء: بالتحريك والمد، تعرف اليوم بريع الحجون، يدخل طريقه بين مقبرتى المعلاة، ويفضى من الجهة الأخرى إلى حى العتيبية وجرول. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٦٢، ٢٦٣.\n(^٤) كدى: بضم الكاف والقصر. تعرف اليوم بريع الرسام، بين حارة الباب وجرول. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٦٣.","vol":"9","page":517},{"text":"ودَخَلَ في العُمرَةِ مِن كُدًى، وكانَ عُروَةُ يَدخُلُ مِنهُما جَميعًا، وكانَ أكثَرَ ما يَدخُلُ مِن كُدًى، وكانَ أقرَبَهُما إلَى مَنزِلِهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: ودَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مِن كَداءٍ وخَرَجَ مِن كُدًى مِن أعلَى مَكَّةَ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وقالَ في مَتنِه: دَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مِن كَداءٍ مِن أعلَى مَكَّةَ. لَم يَذكُرِ العُمرَةَ، وذَكَرَ قَولَ هِشامٍ (^٢).\nقال أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ: المُحَدِّثونَ قَلَّما يُقيمونَ هَذَينِ الاسمَينِ، وإِنَّما هو كَداءٌ وكُدًى، وهُما ثَنيَّتانِ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الأصَمُّ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لما جاءَ إلَى مَكَّةَ دَخَلَ مِن أعلاها وخَرَجَ مِن أسفَلِها (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n٩٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٩٦٠) عن أبي كريب به. وأحمد (٢٤٣١١)، وأبو داود (١٨٦٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٧٨)، ومسلم (١٢٥٨/ ٢٢٥).\n(^٣) معالم السنن ٢/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٦٩) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (٢٤١٢١)، والترمذي (٨٥٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٥٧٧)، ومسلم (١٢٥٨/ ٢٢٤).","vol":"9","page":518},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ العُليا، ويَخرُجُ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ السُّفلَى (^١).\n\n٩٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وابنُ حَنبَلٍ، عن يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ مِن كَداءٍ مِن ثَنيَّةِ البَطحاءِ، ويَخرُجُ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ السُّفلَى (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وقالَ: مِن كَداءٍ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ العُليا التي بالبَطحاءِ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ دونَ ذِكرِ كَداءٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ زيدِ (^٤) بنِ هارونَ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا القاضِى أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٤٣) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (١٨٦٦، ١٨٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٦٦)، وأحمد (٤٧٢٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٨٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٧٦)، ومسلم (١٢٥٧/. . .).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يزيد\".","vol":"9","page":519},{"text":"سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ بأصبَهانَ، حدثنا مَسعَدَةُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^١) العَطّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَدخُلُ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ العُليا ويَخرُجُ مِنَ السُّفلَى (^٢). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2062>بابُ دُخولِ مَكَّةَ [نَهارًا ولَيلًا]</span> (^٤)\nأمّا النَّهارُ فلِما:\n\n٩٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - باتَ بذِى طُوًى حَتَّى أصبَحَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٦).\nوأمّا اللَّيلُ فلِما مَضَى في رِوايَةِ مُحَرِّشٍ الكَعبِىِّ قال: خَرَجَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٤، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٦٦) من طريق معن بن عيسى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٧٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"ليلًا أو نهارًا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٩٢)، وابن حبان (٣٩٠٨) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٦) البخاري (١٥٧٤)، ومسلم (١٢٥٩/ ٢٢٦).","vol":"9","page":520},{"text":"الجِعرانَةِ لَيلًا مُعتَمِرًا، فدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ لَيلًا فقَضَى عُمرَتَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2063>بابُ دُخولِ المَسجِدِ مِن بابِ بَنِى شَيبَةَ</span>\n\n٩٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ وقَيسٌ وسَلَّامٌ، كُلُّهُم عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لما أن هُدِمَ البَيتُ بعدَ جُرهُمٍ بَنَته قُرَيشٌ، فلَمّا أرادوا وضعَ الحَجَرِ تَشاجَروا مَن يَضعُه، فاتَّفَقوا أن يَضعَه أوَّلُ مَن يَدخُلُ مِن هذا البابِ، فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن بابِ بَنِى شَيبَةَ، فأمَرَ بثَوبٍ فوَضَعَ الحَجَرَ في وسَطِه وأمَرَ كُلَّ فَخِذٍ (^٢) أن يأخُذوا (^٣) بطائفَةٍ مِنَ الثَّوبِ فيَرفَعوه، وأخَذَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فوَضَعَه (^٤).\n\n٩٢٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مَندَه، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو الطُّفَيلِ، حدثنا ابنُ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٦٤ - ٨٨٦٦).\n(^٢) الفخذ: حَىُّ الرجل إذا كان من أقرب عشيرته. التاج ٩/ ٤٤٩ (ف خ ذ).\n(^٣) في م، والمستدرك: \"يأخذ\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٦، ٥٧، والطيالسى (١١٥). وأخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٨ من طريق حماد بن سلمة وحده به مطولًا، وقال: قد اتفق الشيخان على إخراج الحديث الطويل عن أيوب السختيانى وكثير بن كثير عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قصة بناء الكعبة أول ما بناه إبراهيم الخليل ﵇، وهذا غير ذاك.","vol":"9","page":521},{"text":"لما قَدِمَ في عَهدِ قُرَيشٍ دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ مِن هذا البابِ الأعظَمِ، وقَد جَلَسَت قُرَيشٌ مِمّا يَلِى الحِجرَ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا في دُخولِه مِن بابِ بَنى شَيبَةَ وخُروجِه مِن بابِ الحَنّاطينَ، وإِسنادُه غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ قال: يَدخُلُ المُحرِمُ مِن حَيثُ شاءَ. قال: ودَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن بابِ بَنِى شَيبَةَ، وخَرَجَ مِن بابِ بَنِى مَخزومٍ إلَى الصَّفا (^٣). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2064>بابُ رَفعِ اليَدَينِ إذا رأى البَيتَ</span>\n\n٩٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حُدِّثتُ عن مِقسَمٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"تُرفَعُ الأيدِى في الصَّلاةِ، وإِذا رأى البَيتَ، وعَلَى الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وعَشيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ، وبِجَمعٍ عِندَ الجَمرَتَينِ، وعَلَى الميِّتِ\" (^٤). كَذا في سَماعِنا، وفِي \"المبسوط\": \"وعِندَ الجَمرَتَينِ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٠) من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به، وعنده: الحِجْر أو الحَجَر. قال ابن خزيمة: لم أقيد في التصنيف الحِجْر أو الحَجَر.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٩١). ووقع فيه: باب الخياطين. وينظر أخبار مكة للفاكهى ٢/ ١٧٥، والنهاية ١/ ٣٨٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٥٠٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩١٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٦٩ وعنده: \"وعند الجمرتين\".","vol":"9","page":522},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن مِقسَمٍ، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ، لَم يَسمَعْه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ مِن مِقسَمٍ.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن الحَكَمِ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). وعن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرَّةً مَوقوفًا عَلَيهِما ومَرَّةً مَرفوعًا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - دونَ ذِكرِ المَيِّتِ (^٢). وابنُ أبي لَيلَى هذا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ في الحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ هو الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو قَزَعَةَ الباهِلِىُّ، واسمُه سوَيدُ بنُ حُجَيرٍ، عن مُهاجِرٍ المَكِّىِّ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: الرَّجُلُ يَرفَعُ يَدَيه إذا نَظَرَ إلَى الكَعبَةِ؟ فقالَ: ما كُنتُ أرَى أحَدًا يَفعَلُ هذا إلَّا اليَهودَ، خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أفَكُنّا نَفعَلُه؟ (^٤).\n\n٩٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا قَزَعَةَ يُحَدِّثُ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قَد حَجَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم نَكُنْ نَفعَلُه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٨٠) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٣) من طريق نافع مرفوعًا.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٢٥٦٦).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٨٧٩). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٩٦١)، والترمذي (٨٥٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٨٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٨٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٤) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٠٨).","vol":"9","page":523},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: الأوَّلُ مَعَ إرسالِه أشهَرُ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ مِن حَديثِ مُهاجِرٍ، ولَه شَواهِدُ وإِن كانَت مُرسَلَةً، والقَولُ في مِثلِ هذا قَولُ مَن رأى وأثبَتَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2065>بابُ القَولِ عِندَ رُؤيَةِ البَيتِ</span>\n\n٩٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا رأى البَيتَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ زِدْ هذا البَيتَ تَشريفًا وتَعظيمًا وتَكريمًا ومَهابَةً، وزِدْ مَن شَرّفَه وكَرّمَه (^١) ممَّن حَجَّه واعتَمَرَه تَشريفًا وتَكريمًا وتَعظيمًا وبِرًّا\" (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٩٢٨٧ - ولَه شاهِدٌ مُرسَلٌ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن أبي سعيدٍ الشّامِىِّ عن مَكحولٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ فرأى البَيتَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه وكَبَّرَ، وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ السَّلامُ ومِنكَ السَّلامُ، فحَيِّنا رَبَّنا بالسَّلامِ، اللَّهُمَّ زِدْ هذا البَيتَ تَشريفًا وتَعظيمًا وتَكريمًا ومَهابَةً، وزِدْ مَن حَجَّه أوِ اعتَمَرَه تَكريمًا وتَشريفًا وتَعظيمًا وبِرًّا\". أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ حمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سعيدٍ الشّامِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"وعظمه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٠٧)، وفيه: بهاء بدلًا من: مهابة، والشافعي ٢/ ١٦٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٨٣) من طريق سفيان عن رجل من أهل الشام عن مكحول. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨١٨: والآخر منقطع، وأبو سعيد لا يعرف، ولعله ذاك المصلوب.","vol":"9","page":524},{"text":"٩٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كان سعيدٌ إذا حَجَّ فرأى الكَعبَةَ قال: اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ السَّلامُ ومِنكَ السَّلامُ، حَيِّنا رَبَّنا بالسَّلامِ (^١).\n\n٩٢٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مِن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كَلِمَةً ما بَقِىَ أحَدٌ مِنَ النّاسِ سَمِعَها غَيرِى، سَمِعتُه يقولُ إذا رأى البَيتَ: اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ السَّلامُ ومِنكَ السَّلامُ، فحَيِّنا رَبَّنا بالسَّلامِ (^٢). قال العباسُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى: مَن إبراهيمُ بنُ طَريفٍ هَذا؟ قال: يَمامِىٌّ. قُلتُ: فمَن حُمَيدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هَذا؟ قال: رَوَى عنه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2066>بابُ افتِتاحِ الطَّوافِ بالاستِلامِ</span>\n\n٩٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الرَّزْجَاهِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا الهِسِنْجَانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٨٢، ١٥٩٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين ٣/ ٢١١ (٩٧٨). وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٩٤، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ١/ ٢٧٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":525},{"text":"يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ يَقدَمُ مَكَّةَ يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ الأسوَدَ أوَّلَ ما يَطوفُ، يَخُبُّ (^١) ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ مِنَ السَّبعِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ القَيسِىُّ وكانَ خيارًا مِنَ الرِّجالِ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: كُنتُ بَينَ الكَعبَةِ وأستارِها فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فبَدأ بالحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه، ثُمَّ طافَ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، وصَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في قِصَّةِ إسلامِ أبى ذَرٍّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2067>بابُ تَقبيلِ الحَجَرِ</span>\n\n٩٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يخب: أي يعدو. شرح السيوطي لسنن النسائي ٥/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٤٢) عن أبي الطاهر عن ابن وهب به. والنسائي (٢٩٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧١٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٠٣)، ومسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣٢).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٤٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٢٥) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وسيأتي في (٩٧٤٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٤٧٣).","vol":"9","page":526},{"text":"عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه جاءَ إلَى الحَجَرِ فقَبَّلَه، فقالَ: إنِّي لأعلَمُ أنَّكَ حَجَرٌ ما تَنفَعُ ولا تَضُرُّ، ولَولا أنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُكَ ما قَبَّلتُكَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعلَى: رأيتُ عُمَرَ استَقبلَ الحَجَرَ ثُمَّ قال: واللَّهِ إنِّي لأعلَمُ أنَّكَ حَجَرٌ، ولَولا أنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُقَبِّلُكَ ما قَبَّلتُكَ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فقَبَّلَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَرجِسَ وأسلَمُ مَولَى عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٧٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٢) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٩٩، ١٧٦، ٣٢٥)، والترمذي (٨٦٠)، والنسائي (٢٩٣٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٩٧)، ومسلم (١٢٧٠/ ٢٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦)، ومسلم (١٢٧٠) من رواية ابن عمر. وأحمد (٢٢٩)، ومسلم (١٢٧٠/. . .) من رواية عبد الله بن سرجس. والبخاري (١٦٠٥) من رواية أسلم.","vol":"9","page":527},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُقَبِّلُ الحَجَرَ ويَقولُ: إنِّي لأعلَمُ أنَّكَ حَجَرٌ لا تَضُرُّ ولا تَنفَعُ، ولَكِنِّى رأيتُ أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - بكَ حَفيًّا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ أبى حُذَيفَةَ: لا تَضُرُّ ولا تَنفَعُ. وقالَ عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه قَبَّلَ الحَجَرَ وقالَ: إنِّي لأُقَبِّلُكَ وإِنِّى لأعلَمُ أنَّكَ حَجَرٌ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الرِّوايَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\nورَواه وكيعٌ عن الثَّورِىِّ، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: رأيتُ عُمَرَ قَبَّلَ الحَجَرَ والتَزَمَه (^٣).\n\n٩٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ وهو محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: دَخَلنا مَكَّةَ عِندَ ارتِفاعِ الضُّحَى، فأتَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بابَ المَسجِدِ فأناخَ راحِلَتَه، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فبَدأ بالحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه وفاضَت عَيناه بالبُكاءِ، ثُمَّ رَمَلَ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا حَتَّى فرَغَ،\n_________\n(^١) حفيًّا: أي بارًّا وصولًا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٨.\nوالأثر أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧١/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٢)، ومسلم (١٢٧١/ ٢٥٢)، والنسائي (٢٩٣٦).","vol":"9","page":528},{"text":"فلَمّا فرَغَ قَبَّلَ الحَجَرَ ووَضَعَ يَدَيه عَلَيه ومَسَحَ بهِما وجهَه (^١).\n\n٩٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ قال: سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ رَجُلٌ عنِ استِلامِ الحَجَرِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُه ويُقَبِّلُه. فقالَ: أرأيتَ إن زُحِمتُ؟ أرأيتَ إن غُلِبتُ؟ قالَ: اجعَلْ \"أرأيتَ\" باليَمَنِ، رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُه ويُقَبِّلُه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2068>بابُ السُّجودِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٩٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عثمانَ القُرَشِىُّ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ قال: رأيتُ محمدَ بنَ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رأيتُ محمدَ بنَ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قَبَّلَ الحَجَرَ وسَجَدَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: رأيتُ خالَكَ ابنَ عباسٍ يُقَبِّلُه ويَسجُدُ عَلَيهِ. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: رأيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَبَّلَه وسَجَدَ عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ هَكَذا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٤، ٤٥٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧١٣) من طريق نعيم بن حماد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٩٦)، والترمذي (٨٦١)، والنسائي (٢٩٤٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦١١).","vol":"9","page":529},{"text":"ففَعَلتُ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عاصِمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِىِّ: ثُمَّ قال عُمَرُ: لَو لَم أرَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَبَّلَه ما قَبَّلتُه. وجَعفَرٌ هذا هو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ، نَسَبَه الطَّيالِسِىُّ إلَى جَدِّهِ.\n\n٩٢٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ جاءَ يَومَ التَّرويَةِ مُسَبِّدًا رأسَه (^٢)، فقَبَّلَ الرُّكنَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَه ثُمَّ سَجَدَ عَلَيه، ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٢٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنباعِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يَسجُدُ على الحَجَرِ (^٤). قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا ابنُ يَمانٍ، وابنُ أبي حُسَينٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي حُسَينٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2069>بابُ تَقبيلِ اليَدِ بعدَ الاستِلامِ</span>\n\n٩٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٥٥. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧١٤) من طريق أبى عاصم النبيل به.\n(^٢) مسبدًا رأسه: أراد ترك التدهن وغسل الرأس. شرح السنة للبغوى ١٠/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩١٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٩، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧٣ من طريق يحيى بن سليمان به، وصحح إسناده، ووافقه الذهبي. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٥٦) عن وكيع عن سفيان به موقوفًا.","vol":"9","page":530},{"text":"حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ بيَدِه وقَبَّلَ يَدَه، وقالَ: ما تَرَكتُه مُنذُ رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: رأيتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبا هريرةَ وأبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ وابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵃ - إذا استَلَموا الحَجَرَ قَبَّلوا أيديَهُم. قالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: وابنُ عباسٍ؟ قال: وابنُ عباسٍ حَسِبتُ كَثيرًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2070>بابُ ما ورَدَ في الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ والمَقامِ</span>\n\n٩٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سوَيدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مُسافِعٍ الحَجَبِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الرُّكنُ والمَقامُ ياقوتَتانِ مِن يَواقيتِ الجَنَّةِ، طَمَسَ اللَّهُ نورَهُما،\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٥٤)، وعنه أحمد (٥٨٧٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧١٥)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٤) من طريق أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦٨/ ٢٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩١٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٥٥)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٠ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"9","page":531},{"text":"ولَولا ذَلِكَ لأضاءَتا ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ\" (^١).\n\n٩٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُسافِعٌ الحَجَبِىُّ، سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الرُّكنَ والمَقامَ مِن ياقوتِ الجَنَّةِ، ولَولا ما مَسَّهُما مِن خَطايا بَنِى آدَمَ لأضاءا ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ، وما مَسَّهُما مِن ذِى عاهَةٍ ولا سَقيمٍ إلَّا شُفِىَ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٣٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو يَرفَعُه قال: \"لَولا ما مَسَّه مِن أنجاسِ الجاهِليَّةِ؛ ما مَسَّه ذو عاهَةٍ إلَّا شُفِىَ، وما على الأرضِ شَئٌ مِنَ الجَنَّةِ غَيرُه\" (^٣).\n\n٩٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٦، وقال: هذا حديث تفرد به أيوب بن سويد عن يونس، وأيوب ممن لم يحتجا به. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٣١) من طريق أيوب بن سويد به. وأحمد (٧٠٠٠)، والترمذي (٨٧٨)، وابن حبان (٣٧١٠) من طريق مسافع به. قال ابن خزيمة: هذا الخبر لم يسنده أحد أعلمه من حديث الزهري غير أيوب بن سويد إن كان حفظ عنه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٣٣). وأخرجه مسدد، كما في المطالب العالية (١٢٩٤) عن حماد بن زيد به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٩١٥) عن ابن جريج به موقوفًا.","vol":"9","page":532},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا شاذُّ بنُ فيّاضٍ أبو عُبَيدَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الحجَرُ الأسوَدُ مِن حِجارَةِ الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n٩٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَيَبعَثَنَّ اللهُ الحَجَرَ يَومَ القيامَةِ له عَينانِ يُبصِرُ بهِما، ولِسانٌ يَنطِقُ به، يَشهَدُ على مَنِ استَلَمَه بحَقٍّ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن حَمّادٍ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ، وقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحَديثِ: \"لمنِ استَلَمَه بحَقٍّ\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2071>بابُ استِلامِ الرُّكنِ اليَمانى بيدِه</span>\n\n٩٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٧٢٠٣) من طريق شاذ بن فياض به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٤٢: وفيه عمر بن إبراهيم العبدى وثقه ابن معين وغيره وفيه ضعف.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٣) عن عفان به. والترمذي (٩٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٣٥)، وابن حبان (٣٧١٢) من طريق عبد الله بن عثمان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٣٨٢).","vol":"9","page":533},{"text":"قال: ما تَرَكتُ استِلامَ هَذَينِ الرُّكنَينِ؛ اليَمانِى (^١) والحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ، مُنذُ رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُهُما في شِدَّةٍ ولا في رَخاءٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِهِما (^٣).\n\n٩٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رَوّادٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ والرُّكنَ الأسوَدَ - أحسِبُه قال: في كُلِّ طَوْفَةٍ - ولا يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَينِ الآخَرَينِ (^٤).\n\n٩٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى العباسِ الزَّوزَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ الرِّياحِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"اليمانيين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢٠١) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. والنسائي (٢٩٥٣) من طريق نافع به، مقتصرًا على ذكر الحجر الأسود.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٠٦)، وهو عند مسلم (١٢٦٨/ ٢٤٥) عن محمد بن المثنى وزهير بن حرب وعبيد الله ابن سعيد دون ذكر محمد بن بشار.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٦٥)، وأبو داود (١٨٧٦)، والنسائي (٢١٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٣) من طريق ابن أبي رواد. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٥٢).","vol":"9","page":534},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ فقَبَّلَه، واستَلَمَ الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ فقَبَّلَ يَدَه (^١). عُمَرُ ابنُ قَيسٍ المَكِّىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nوقَد روِىَ في تَقبيلِه خَبَرٌ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه:\n\n٩٣٠٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ أبو (^٣) إسماعيلَ المُؤَدِّبُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا استَلَمَ الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ قَبَّلَه ووَضَعَ خَدَّه الأيمَنَ عَلَيهِ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُسلِمِ ابنِ هُرمُزَ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\nوالأخبارُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في تَقبيلِ الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ والسُّجودِ عَلَيه، إلَّا أن يَكونَ أرادَ بالرُّكنِ اليَمانِىَ الحَجَرَ الأسوَدَ، فإِنَّه أيضًا يُسَمَّى بذَلِكَ، فيَكونُ موافِقًا لِغَيرِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) الغيلانيات (٣٤٣).\n(^٢) هو عمر بن قيس المكي أبو حفص المعروف بسَنْدل. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٨٧، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٢٩، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٨٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٨٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٦٢: متروك. وينظر ما تقدم في الحديث (٢٢٧٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٧) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلم بن هرمز به.\n(^٥) هو عبد الله بن مسلم بن هرمز المكي، ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٩٠، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٦٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٣٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٥٠: ضعيف. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٢١: وقال أحمد بن حنبل: صالح الحديث.","vol":"9","page":535},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2072>بابُ الرُّكنَينِ اللَّذَينِ يَلِيانِ الحَجَرَ</span>\n\n٩٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَم أرَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَمسَحُ مِنَ البَيتِ إلَّا الرُّكنَينِ اليَمانيَينِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، ذَكَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يَستَلِمُ إلَّا الحَجَرَ والرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٤).\n\n٩٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠١٧)، والنسائي (٢٩٤٩) من طريق الليث.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٠٩)، ومسلم (١٢٦٧/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٤٨) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (٥٩٤٥) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٦٧/ ٢٤٤).","vol":"9","page":536},{"text":"رأيتُكَ لا تَمَسُّ مِنَ الأركانِ إلَّا اليَمانيَينِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: أمّا الأركانُ فإِنِّى لَم أرَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمَسُّ إلَّا اليَمانيَينِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٣١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن قَتادَةَ بنَ دِعامَةَ حَدَّثَه، أن أبا الطُّفَيلِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لَم أرَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُ غَيرَ الرُّكنَينِ اليَمانيَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ (^٤).\n\n٩٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: حَجَّ مُعاويَةُ فجَعَلَ لا يأتِى على رُكنٍ مِن أركانِ البَيتِ إلَّا استَلَمَه، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُ اليَمانِىَ والحَجَرَ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: لَيسَ مِن أركانِه مَهجورٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٧٦، ٩٠٠٧، ٩٠٥٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٨٧/ ٢٥)، والبخاري (٥٨٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٤٣١)، والطبراني (١٠٦٣٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٦٩/ ٢٤٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٣٢) من طريق سعيد. والترمذي (٨٥٨) من طريق أبى الطفيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"9","page":537},{"text":"تابَعَه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ عن قَتادَةَ دونَ قِصَّةِ مُعاويَةَ، ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ (^١)، ورَواه أبو الشَّعثاءِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ومُعاويَةَ، وزادَ قال: وكانَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ يَستَلِمُهُنَّ كُلَّهُنَّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَم يَدَعْ أحَدٌ استِلامَهُما هِجرَةً لِبَيتِ اللهِ، ولَكِنَّه استَلَمَ ما استَلَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأمسَكَ عَمّا أمسَكَ عَنه (^٣).\n\n٩٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بابَيْه، عن بَعضِ ولَدِ يَعلَى، [عن يَعلَى] (^٤) قال: طُفتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا بَلَغنا الرُّكنَينِ الغَربيَّينِ قُلتُ: ألا تَستَلِمُ؟ وصِرتُ بَينَه وبَينَ الحائطِ. فقالَ: ألَم تَطُفْ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: أفَرأيتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستَلِمُه؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: فلَكَ في رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُسوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ، انفُذْ عَنكَ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأمّا العِلَّةُ فيهِما، فنُرَى أن البَيتَ لَم يُتَمَّمْ على قَواعِدِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٦٩/ ٢٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (١٦٠٨) من طريق أبى الشعثاء به.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\nومعنى: انفذ عنك. دعه وتجاوزه، يقال: سر عنك، وانفذ عنك. أي: امضِ عن مكانك وجزه. النهاية ٥/ ٩١.","vol":"9","page":538},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، فكانا كَسائرِ البَيتِ (^١).\n\n٩٣١٦ - أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ أخبَرَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألَم تَرَىْ أنَّ قَومَكِ حينَ بَنَوُا الكَعبَةَ اقتَصَروا عن قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ؟ \". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أفَلا تَرُدُّها إلَى قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَولا حِدثانُ قَومِكِ (^٢) بالكُفرِ لَفَعَلتُ\". فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: لَئن كانَت عائشَةُ سَمِعَت هذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما أُرَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَرَكَ استِلامَ الرُّكنَينِ اللَّذَينِ يَلِيانِ الحِجْرَ إلَّا أن البَيتَ لَم يُتَمَّمْ على قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) حدثان قومك: هو بكسر الحاء وإسكان الدال، أي: قرب عهدهم بالكفر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٦٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٠)، والنسائي (٢٩٠٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨١٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٨٣)، ومسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٣٩٩).","vol":"9","page":539},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2073>بابُ تَعجيلِ الطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ حينَ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ، والبَيانِ أنَّه لا يَحِلُّ به إذا كان حاجًّا أو قارِنًا</span>\nقال عَطاءٌ: لما دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ لَم يَلْوِى (^١) ولَم يُعَرِّجْ حَتَّى طافَ بالبَيتِ (^٢).\n\n٩٣١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ وسألَه أبو العباسِ ابنُ سُرَيجٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ يَتيمِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ العِراقِ قال له: سَلْ لي عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن رَجُلٍ يُهِلُّ بالحَجِّ، فإِذا طافَ بالبَيتِ أيَحِلُّ أم لا؟ فإِن قال لَكَ: لا يَحِلُّ. فقُلْ له: إنَّ رَجُلًا يقولُ ذَلِكَ. قال: فسألتُه، فقالَ: لا يَحِلُّ مَن أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ إلَّا بالحَجِّ. قُلتُ: فإِنَّ رَجُلًا كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ. قال: بئسَما قال. يَعنِى، فتَصَدّانِى (^٣) الرَّجُلُ فسألَنِى فحَدَّثتُه، فقالَ: فقُلْ له: فإِنَّ رَجُلًا يُخبِرُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد فعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وما شأنُ أسماءَ والزُّبَيرِ فعَلا ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فجِئتُ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: مَن هذا؟ فقُلتُ: لا أدرِى. قال: فما بالُه لا يأتينِى يَسألُنِى؟ أظُنُّه عِراقيًّا. قُلتُ: لا أدرِى. قال: فإِنَّه قَد كَذَبَ، قَد\n_________\n(^١) كذا بإثبات الياء، وهى لغة. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ٦/ ٢٣٠، ١٢/ ٨٦، ٨٧، والإنصاف في مسائل الخلاف لابن الأنبارى ١/ ٣٠.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٦٩، وأخبار مكة للأزرقى ٢/ ١١٤.\n(^٣) أي تعرض لي. قال الإمام النووي: هكذا هو في جميع النسخ. \"تصدانى\" بالنون، والأشهر في اللغة: تصدى لي. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ٨/ ٢١٩.","vol":"9","page":540},{"text":"حَجَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأخبَرَتنِى عائشَةُ - ﵂ - أن أوَّلَ شَئٍ بَدأ به حينَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أنَّه تَوَضّأ ثُمَّ طافَ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فكانَ (^١) أوَّلَ شَئٍ بَدأ به الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَكُنْ غَيرُه، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ عثمانُ - ﵁ -، فرأيتُه أوَّلُ شَئٍ بَدأ به الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَكُنْ غَيرُه، ثُمَّ مُعاويَةُ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ مَعَ أبى الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ، فكانَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ بَدأ به الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَكُنْ غَيرُه، ثُمَّ رأيتُ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارَ يَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ لَم يَكُنْ غَيرُه، ثُمَّ آخِرُ مَن رأيتُ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ لَم يَنقُضْها بعُمرَةٍ، وهَذا ابنُ عُمَرَ عِندَهُم، أفَلا يَسألونَه، ولا أحَدٌ مِمَّن مَضَى ما كانوا يَبدَءونَ بشَئٍ حينَ يَضَعونَ أقدامَهُم أوَّلَ مِنَ الطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ ثُمَّ لا يَحِلّونَ، وقَد رأيتُ أُمِّى وخالَتِى حينَ تَقدَمانِ لا تَبدَآنِ بشَئٍ أوَّلَ مِنَ البَيتِ تَطوفانِ به ثُمَّ لا تَحِلَّانِ، وقَد أخبَرَتْنِى أُمِّى أنَّها أقبَلت هِىَ وأُختُها والزُّبَيرُ وفُلانٌ وفُلانٌ بعُمرَةٍ قَطُّ، فلَمّا مَسَحوا الرُّكنَ حَلّوا، وقَد كَذَبَ فيما ذَكَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" بطولِه عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِىِّ هَكَذا (^٣)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن أصبغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ مُختَصَرًا دونَ قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ (^٤)، وعن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ بطولِه، وقالَ بَدَلَ قَولِه: لَم يَكُنْ غَيرُه: ثُمَّ لَم تَكُنْ عُمرَةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فرأيته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٣٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٩٩) من طريق ابن وهب به، وعند ابن خزيمة مختصر. وسيأتي مختصرًا في (٩٣٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣٥/ ١٩٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦١٤، ١٦١٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٦٤١).","vol":"9","page":541},{"text":"٩٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ قال: وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يقولُ: لا يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ حاجٌّ ولا غَيرُ حاجٍّ إلَّا حَلَّ. فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: مِن أينَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: مِن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٣]. قُلتُ: فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ بعدَ المُعَرَّفِ (^١). قال: فكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يقولُ: مِن بَعدِ المُعَرَّفِ وقَبلَه، وكانَ يأخُذُ ذَلِكَ مِن أمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أصحابَه حينَ أمَرَهُم أن يَحِلّوا في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ عن أبي ذَرٍّ ما دَلَّ على أن فسخَهُمُ الحَجَّ بالعُمرَةِ كان خاصًّا لِلرَّكْبِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤)، وأنَّ غَيرَهُم إذا حَجّوا أو قَرَنوا ثُمَّ طافوا طَوافَ القُدومِ لَم يَحِلّوا حَتَّى يَكونَ يَومُ النَّحرِ، فيَحِلّونَ بما جُعِلَ به التَّحَلُّلُ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ. وأخبرَنا محمدٌ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المعرف: يريد به بعد الوقوف بعرفة وهو التعريف أيضًا. والمعرف في الأصل موضع التعريف ويكون بمعنى المفعول. النهاية ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٤٣٩٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٤٥/ ٢٠٨).\n(^٤) تقدم عن أبي ذر في (٨٨٠٥، ٨٩٥٣، ٨٩٥٤).","vol":"9","page":542},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ حَدَّثنا (^١) واللَّفظُ لَهُما قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عَبثَرٌ أبو زُبَيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن وبَرَةَ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أيَصلُحُ أن أطوفَ بالبَيتِ قَبلَ أن آتِىَ المَوقِفَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لا تَطُفْ بالبَيتِ حَتَّى تأتِىَ المَوقِفَ. فَقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قَد حَجَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فطافَ بالبَيتِ قَبلَ أن يأتِىَ المَوقِفَ، فبِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحَقُّ أن تأخُذَ أو بقَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ إن كُنتَ صادِقًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2074>بابُ طَوافِ النِّساءِ مَعَ الرِّجالِ</span>\n\n٩٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: شَكَوتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنِّى أشتَكِى فقالَ: \"طوفِى مِن وراءِ النّاسِ وأَنتِ راكِبَةٌ\". قالَت: فطُفتُ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَئذٍ يُصَلِّى إلَى جَنبِ البَيتِ يَقرَأُ بـ: ﴿وَالطُّورِ (١) وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ﴾ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حديثا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٩٤) من طريق إسماعل به. والنسائي (٢٩٢٩) من طريق وبرة بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣٣/ ١٨٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٨٨٢)، ومالك ١/ ٣٧٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٤٨٥)، والبخاري (٤٦٤)، والنسائي (٢٩٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨٣٣).","vol":"9","page":543},{"text":"ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٩٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قال: قال لِى عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عاصِمٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ إذ مَنَعَ ابنُ هِشامٍ (^٢) النِّساءَ الطَّوافَ مَعَ الرِّجالِ. قال: كَيفَ تَمنَعُهُنَّ وقَد طافَ نِساءُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قُلتُ: أبَعدَ الحِجابِ أو قَبلُ؟ قال: إى لَعَمرِى لَقَد أدرَكتُه بعدَ الحِجابِ. قُلتُ: كَيفَ يُخالِطْنَ الرِّجالَ؟ قال: لَم يَكُنَّ يُخالِطْنَ، كانَت عائشَةُ تَطوفُ حَجْرَةً (^٣) مِنَ الرِّجالِ لا تُخالِطُهُم، فقالَتِ امرأةٌ: انطَلِقِى نَستَلِمْ يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ. قالَت: انطَلِقِى عَنكِ (^٤). فأبَت، فخَرَجنَ مُتَنَكِّراتٍ باللَّيلِ ويَطُفنَ مَعَ الرِّجالِ، ولَكِنَّهُنَّ كُنَّ إذا دَخَلنَ البَيتَ قُمنَ حَتَّى يَدخُلنَ وأُخرِجَ الرِّجالُ، وكُنتُ آتِى عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنا وعُبَيدٌ وهِىَ مُجاوِرَةٌ في جَوفِ ثَبيرٍ (^٥). فقلتُ: وما حِجابُها؟ قال: هِىَ في قُبَّةٍ تُركيَّةٍ (^٦) لها غِشاءٌ، وما بَينَنا وبَينَها غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، ورأيتُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٣٣)، ومسلم (١٢٧٦/ ٢٥٨)\n(^٢) قال ابن حجر: هو إبراهيم - أو أخوه محمد - بن هشام بن إسماعيل بن هشام. . . وكانا خالى هشام بن عبد الملك فولى محمدا إمرة مكة وولى أخاه إبراهيم بن هشام إمرة المدينة وفوض هشام لإبراهيم إمرة الحج بالناس في خلافته فلهذا قلت: يخمل أن يكون المراد. . . فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٨٠.\n(^٣) حجرة: أي ناحية غير بعيد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨١، ١٨٢.\n(^٤) عنك: أي عن جهة نفسك. فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٨١.\n(^٥) ثبير: من أعظم جبال مكة، وهو يشرف على مكة من الشرق، ويشرف على منى من الشمال، ويناوح حراء من الجنوب، ويسميه اليوم أهل مكة: جبل الرخم. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٩١٧، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ٧١.\n(^٦) تركية: تقدم معناها في (٨٦٤٢).","vol":"9","page":544},{"text":"عَلَيها دِرعًا موَرَّدًا (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2075>بابُ ما يُقالُ عِندَ استِلامِ الرُّكنِ</span>\n\n٩٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - اضطَبَعَ (^٣) فاستَلَمَ فكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ رَمَلَ ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ، وكانوا إذا بَلَغوا الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ وتَغَيَّبوا مِن قُرَيشٍ مَشَوا، ثُمَّ يَطلُعونَ عَلَيهِم فيَرمُلونَ، تَقولُ قُرَيشٌ: كأنَّهُمُ الغِزلانُ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فكانَت سُنَّةً (^٤).\n\n٩٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قالَ: ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ ضُحًى فيأتِى البَيتَ فيَستَلِمُ الحَجَرَ ويَقولُ: باسمِ اللَّهِ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) موردا: أي قيمصًا لونه لون الورد. فتح الباري ٣/ ٤٨١.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦١٨).\n(^٣) الاضطباع: أن يأخذ الإزار أو البرد فيجعل وسطه تحت إبطه الأيمن ويلقى طرفيه على كتفه الأيسر من جهتى صدره وظهره. النهاية ٣/ ٧٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٠٩)، وأبو داود (١٨٨٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٨١٢) من طريق يحيى ابن سليم به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٣) من طريق ابن خثيم به. ووقع عند ابن ماجه \"عن أبى خيثم\" وسيأتي في (٩٣٢٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٦٣).\n(^٥) بعده في س: \"الرحمن الرحيم\".","vol":"9","page":545},{"text":"واللهُ أكبَرُ (^١).\n\n٩٣٢٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا المسعودِىُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان إذا مَرَّ بالحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ فرأى عَلَيه زِحامًا استَقبَلَه وكَبَّرَ وقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ تَصديقًا بكِتابِكَ وسُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان يقولُ إذا استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ: اللَّهُمَّ إيمانًا بكَ، وتَصديقًا بكِتابِكَ، واتِّباعًا لِسُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ -.\n\n٩٣٢٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا أبو بلالٍ الأشعَرِىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال. وحَدَّثَنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن أبي العُمَيسِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2076>بابُ الاضطِباعِ لِلطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٤٦٢٨) بذكر أيوب عن إسماعيل ابن علية ونافع، وتقدم أصل الحديث في (٩٠٤٦، ٩٢٧٢، ٩٢٧٣).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٧٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٠٢٩) من طريق المسعودى وفيه: إذا استلم الحجر.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦١١) بالطريق الثاني. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٩٢) من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد الشافعي به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٤٠: وفيه الحارث، وهو ضعيف وقد وثق.","vol":"9","page":546},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ يَعلَى، عن يَعلَى قال: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُضطَبِعًا ببُردٍ أخضَرَ (^١).\nوكَذا رَواه وكيعٌ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٢٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن ابنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ مُضطَبِعًا (^٣). قال أبو عيسَى: قُلتُ له - يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ -: مَن عبدُ الحَميدِ هذا؟ قال: هو ابنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، وابنُ يَعلَى هو ابنُ يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٣٢٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ الطّائفِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: اضطَبَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - هو وأصحابُه ورَمَلوا ثَلاثَةَ أشواطٍ ومَشَوا أربَعًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٨٣). وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح أبي داود (١٦٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٥٦) عن وكيع بلفظ: ببرد له حضرمى.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٢٧) وفيه: جعفر بن عمرو. بدلًا من: حفص بن عمر. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٥٤) من طريق الفريابى وقبيصة به. والترمذي (٨٥٩) من طريق قبيصة وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) علل الترمذي عقب (٢٢٦).\n(^٥) معجم ابن الأعرابى (١٣٣٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٧) عن الزعفرانى به. وتقدم في (٩٣٢٢).","vol":"9","page":547},{"text":"٩٣٢٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابَه اعتَمَروا مِن الجِعْرانَةِ فرَمَلوا بالبَيتِ، فاضطَبَعوا ووَضَعوا أرديَتَهُم تَحتَ آباطِهِم وعَلَى عَواتِقِهِم (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ.\n\n٩٣٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فرَمَلوا بالبَيتِ وجَعَلوا أرديَتَهُم تَحتَ آباطِهِم، ثُمَّ قَذَفوها على عَواتِقِهِمُ اليُسرَى (^٢).\n\n٩٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: فيمَ الرَّمَلانُ الآنَ والكَشفُ عن المَناكِبِ وقَد أَطَّأَ اللهُ الإِسلامَ (^٣) ونَفَى الكُفرَ وأهلَه؟! ومَعَ ذَلِكَ لا نَترُكُ شَيئًا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أعناقهم\". والعاتق: ما بين المنكب والعنق. تاج العروس ٢٦/ ١٢٣ (ع ت ق). والحديث أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٤٧٨) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٠٣، ٢٠٤، وفي المعرفة (٢٩٢٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٩٢) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٥٩).\n(^٣) أطأ الله الإسلام ووطَّأ الله الإسلام: أي ثبَّته وأرساه. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٩٤.","vol":"9","page":548},{"text":"كُنّا نَصنَعُه مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2077>بابُ استِحبابِ الاستِلامِ في كُلِّ طَوفَةٍ وإلا ففِى كُلِّ وِترٍ</span>\nروِىَ في استِحبابِه في كُلِّ وِترٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ وطاوُسٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا خَلادٌ هو ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَدَعُ هَذَينِ الرُّكنَينِ في كُلِّ طَوفَةٍ مَرَّ بهِما؛ الأسوَدَ واليَمانِىَ، يَستَلِمُهُما ولا يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَينِ اللَّذَينِ عِندَ الحِجْرِ (^٣).\n\n٩٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: ما لِي رأيتُكَ تُزاحِمُ على هَذَينِ الرُّكنَينِ لَم أرَ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُزاحِمُ عَلَيهِما غَيرُكَ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَسْحُهُما يَحُطُّ الخَطايا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٤ وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وأحمد (٣١٧)، وعنه أبو داود (١٨٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٢) من طريق هشام به. وينظر ما سيأتي في (٩٣٥٠).\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٧١، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٢٠٥)، وأخبار مكة للفاكهي (١٦٨)، وللأزرقى ١/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٣٠٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢١)، والترمذي (٩٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٣)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٨) من طريق =","vol":"9","page":549},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2078>بابُ الاستِلامِ في الزِّحامِ</span>\n\n٩٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ إملاءً في مَسجِدِ رَجاءِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا عُمَرُ إنَّكَ رَجُلٌ قَوِيٌّ، لا تُؤذِ الضَّعيفَ، إذا أرَدتَ استِلامَ الحَجَرِ فإِن خَلا لَكَ فاستَلِمْه وإِلَّا فاستَقبِلْه وكَبِّرْ\" (^١).\n\n٩٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٢)، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي يَعفورٍ (^٣) عن شَيخٍ مِن خُزاعَةَ قال - وكانَ استَخلَفَه الحَجّاجُ على مَكَّةَ - فقالَ: إنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان رَجُلًا شَديدًا، وكانَ يُزاحِمُ عِندَ الرُّكنِ، فقالَ له رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يا عُمَرُ لا تُزاحِمْ عِندَ الرُّكنِ، فإِنَّكَ تُؤذِى الضَّعيفَ، فإِن رأَيتَ خَلوَةً فاستَلِمْه وإِلَّا فاستَقبِلْه وكَبِّرْ وامضِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n= عطاء به، وعند الترمذي: ابن عبيد بن عمير. وقال: حسن. وسيأتي في (٩٥٠٥).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ٨٥ (١٠٦ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٠٥ من طريق على بن عبد الله. وليس عنده: \"وكبر\". وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٢٦: ضعيف.\n(^٢) في س: \"عمير\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٤، م: \"يعقوب\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠) من طريق أبي يعفور، وفيه: \"فاستقبله فهلل وكبر\".","vol":"9","page":550},{"text":"رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن أبي يَعفورٍ (^١)، عن الخُزاعِيِّ. قال سفيانُ: وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، كان الحَجّاجُ استَعمَلَه عَلَيها مُنصَرَفَه مِنها (^٢). وهو شاهِدٌ لِرِوايَةِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ.\n\n٩٣٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"كَيفَ صَنَعتَ أبا محمدٍ؟ \". قال: استَلَمتُ وتَرَكتُ. قال: \"أصَبتَ\" (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكٌ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وأحسِبُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: \"أصَبتَ\". أنَّه وصَفَ له أنَّه استَلَمَ في غَيرِ زِحامٍ وتَرَكَ في زِحامٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يعقوب\".\n(^٢) السنن المأثورة (٥١٠)، وفيه: هو عبد الرحمن بن نافع بن عبد الحارث.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٩٠٠)، والبرتى في مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف (٣٢)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٣٤ من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٦٦، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٢٥٧)، والحاكم ٣/ ٣٠٧. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٤١: ورجال المرسل رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ١٧١، ١٧٢.","vol":"9","page":551},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا وجَدتَ (^١) على الرُّكنِ زِحامًا فانصَرِفْ ولا تَقِفْ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى السّاجِيُّ الفَقيهُ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ الضّالُّ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنِى قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما أُمِرتُم أن تَطوفوا، فإِن تَيَسَّرَ عَلَيكُم فتَسْتَلِمُوا (^٤).\n\n٩٣٣٩ - وأنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلِ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا حاذَيتَ به فكَبِّرْ وادعُ وصَلِّ على محمدٍ النَّبِيِّ ﵇ (^٥).\n\n٩٣٤٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ ورَوحٌ قالا: حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أبصرت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٣٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٩٠٨)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٤٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) هو معاوية بن عبد الكريم الثقفى. كان ضل في طريق مكة فسمى الضال. تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٩٩.\n(^٤) في س: \"فاستلموا\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الطبراني (١١٣٤٨) عن الساجى به.\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٠٢).","vol":"9","page":552},{"text":"قال (^١): ما رأيتُه زاحَمَ على الحَجَرِ قَطُّ، ولَقَد رأيتُه مَرَّةً زاحَمَ حَتَّى رُثِمَ أنفُه (^٢) وابتَدَرَ مَنْخِراه دَمًا (^٣).\n\n٩٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن مَنبوذِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن أُمِّه أنَّها كانَت عِندَ عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، فدَخَلَت عَلَيها مَولاةٌ لها فقالَت لها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ طُفتُ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، واستَلَمتُ الرُّكنَ مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا. فقالَت لها عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: لا أجَرَكِ اللَّهُ، لا أجَرَكِ اللَّهُ، تُدافِعينَ الرِّجالَ! ألا كَبَّرتِ ومَرَرتِ (^٤)؟\nورُوِّينا عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ لَهُنَّ: إذا وجَدتُنَّ فُرجَةً مِنَ النّاسِ فاستَلِمنَ، وإلا فكَبِّرنَ وامضِينَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2079>بابُ الرَّمَلِ في الطَّوافِ في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ</span>\n\n٩٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أي مجاهد.\n(^٢) رثم أنفه: كُسر حتى أُدمى. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٩٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٢٤) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٣٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٠٨، ١٠٩) من طريق عمر بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٧٢.","vol":"9","page":553},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَرمُلُ الثَّلاثَ الأُوَلَ ويَمشِى الأربَعَةَ، ويَذكُرُ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُه. قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: أكانَ يَمشِى ما بَينَ الرُّكنَينِ؟ قال: إنَّما كان يَمشِى لأنَّه أيسَرُ لاستِلامِهِ (^١).\n\n٩٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا يونُسُ وسُرَيجٌ قالا: حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَعَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ - قال سُرَيجٌ: ثَلاثَةَ أشواطٍ - ثُمَّ مَشَى أربَعَةً في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ النُّعمانِ. قال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه اللَّيثُ قال: حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ فرقَدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٩٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ فرقَدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يَخُبُّ في طَوافِه حينَ يَقدَمُ في حَجٍّ أو عُمْرَةٍ ثَلاثًا ويَمشِى أربَعًا. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦١٨)، والنسائي (٢٩٤٠) من طريق يحيى به، وليس عند النسائي ذكر قول نافع. وأخرجه البخاري (١٦١٧)، ومسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٠) من طريق عبيد الله به. وسيأتي في (٩٣٥١، ٩٣٥٢، ٩٣٥٥، ٩٤١٤).\n(^٢) أحمد (٦٠٨١).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٠٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٤٣) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"9","page":554},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2080>بابُ كَيفَ كان بَدوُ الرَّمَلِ</span>\n\n٩٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنَّ قَومَكَ يَزعُمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد رَمَلَ وأنَّها سُنَّةٌ. قال: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قُلتُ: ما صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ والمُشرِكونَ (^١) على قُعَيقِعانَ (^٢)، وكانَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ قَومَ حَسَدٍ، فجَعَلوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ بَينَهُم أن أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ضُعَفاءُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أروهُم مِنكُم ما يَكرَهونَ\". فرَمَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ليُرِىَ المُشرِكينَ قوَّتَه وقوَّةَ أصحابِه، ولَيسَت بسُنَّةٍ. قال: قُلتُ: إنَّ قَومَكَ يَزعُمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكِبَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وأنَّها سُنَّةٌ. قال: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قال: قُلتُ: ما صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ وكانَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ قَومَ حَسَدٍ، فخَرَجوا حَتَّى خَرَجَتِ العَواتِقُ (^٣) يَنظُرونَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يُدَعُّونَ عنه - قال يَزيدُ: يَعنِى لا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل إشارة إلى أنها في بعض النسخ: \"والمشركين\".\n(^٢) قعيقعان: جبل مكة المشرف على المسجد الحرام من الشمال الغربى، وله عدة أسماء من كل جانب منه. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٥٥، ٢٥٦.\n(^٣) العواتق: هو جمع عاتق وهي البكر البالغة أو المقاربة للبلوغ. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١١.","vol":"9","page":555},{"text":"يُدفَعونَ عنه - فرَكِبَ، وكانَ المَشىُ أحَبَّ إلَيهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٩٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابُه وقَد وهَنَتهُمُ الحُمَّى حُمَّى يَثرِبَ، فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: إنَّه يَقدَمُ عَلَيكُم قَومٌ قَد وهَنَتهُمُ الحُمَّى. فقَعَدوا لَهُم مِمّا يَلِى الحِجرَ، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَرمُلوا الثَّلاثَةَ وأن يَمشوا ما بَينَ الرُّكنَينِ. قال: ولَم يَمنَعْه أن يأمُرَهُم أن يَرمُلوا الأشواطَ كُلَّها إلَّا الإِبقاءُ عَلَيهِم (^٣). لَم يَذكُرْ أبو مُسلِمٍ حُمَّى يَثرِبَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٢٧ عن الحاكم إلى قوله: وليست بسنة. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٤٩٢) عن يزيد به، مقتصرًا على الركوب بين الصفا والمروة. وابن خزيمة (٢٧١٩، ٢٧٧٩) من طريق الجريرى به. وأحمد (٢٠٢٩)، ومسلم (١٢٦٤/ ٢٣٨) من طريق أبي الطفيل وعندهما بذكر الرمل. وسيأتي في (٩٤٥٢، ٩٤٥٣، ٩٧٨١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦٤/. . .)\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٩)، وأبو داود (١٨٨٦)، والنسائي (٢٩٤٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٠٢).","vol":"9","page":556},{"text":"٩٣٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قالا: حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابُه مَكَّةَ وقَد وهَنَتهُم حُمَّى يَثرِبَ، فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: إنَّه يَقدَمُ عَلَيكُم غَدًا قَومٌ قَد وهَنَتهُمُ الحُمَّى ولَقُوا مِنها شِدَّةً. فجَلَسوا ممّا يَلى الحِجرَ، فأمَرَ النبيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَرمُلوا ثَلاثَةَ أشواطٍ ويَمشوا بَينَ الرُّكنَينِ؛ ليَرَى (^١) المُشرِكونَ جَلَدَهُم، فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ زَعَمتُم أن الحُمَّى قَد وهَنَتهُم، هَؤُلاءِ أجلَدُ مِن كَذا وكَذا. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ولَم يأمُرْهُم أن يَرمُلوا الأشواطَ كُلَّها إلَّا الإبقاءُ عَلَيهِم. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنِى أبي وإِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، قال إبراهيمُ: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما سَعَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ليُرِىَ المُشرِكينَ قوَّتَه (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل إشارة إلى أنها في بعض النسخ: \"ليروا\".\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦٦/ ٢٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢١)، والبخاري (٤٢٥٧)، والنسائي (٢٩٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":557},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٩٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما سَعَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ليُرِىَ المُشرِكينَ قوَّتَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2081>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه بَقِىَ هَيئَةً مَشروعَةً في الطَّوافِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ في صِفَةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ، أنَّه حينَ أتَى البَيتَ استَلَمَ الرُّكنَ، فرَمَلَ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا (^٣).\nوفيما رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ في عُمرَةِ الجِعرانَةِ، وذَلِكَ بعدَ عُمرَةِ القَضيَّةِ، أنَّهُم رَمَلوا ثلاثًا واضطَبَعوا (^٤).\n\n٩٣٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِي زَيدُ بنُ أسلِمَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال لِلرُّكنِ: أمَا واللهِ إنِّي لأعلَمُ أنَّكَ حَجَرٌ لا تَضُرُّ ولا تَنفَعُ، ولَكِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَلَمَكَ وأنا أستَلِمُكَ. فاستَلَمَه وقالَ: ما لَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٦٦/ ٢٤١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٤٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٣٢٨، ٩٣٢٩).","vol":"9","page":558},{"text":"ولِلرَّمَلِ؟! إنَّما راءَينا به المُشرِكينَ، وقَد أهلَكَهُمُ اللَّه. ثُمَّ قال: شَئٌ صَنَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا [أحبُّ أن أتركَه] (^١). ثُمَّ رَمَلَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَمَلَ وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ - ﵃ - والخُلَفاءُ بَعدَهُم ثَلاثًا ومَشَوا أربَعًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2082>بابُ الابتِداءِ بالطَّوافِ مِن الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ إلَى الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ، يَرمُلُ ثَلاثًا ويَمشِى أربَعًا</span>\n\n٩٣٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبانٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: رَمَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الحَجَرِ إلَى الحَجَرِ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ أبانٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"نحب أن نتركه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (١٦١٠)، ومسلم (١٢٧٠/ ٢٤٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧١١) من طريق زيد به. وليس عندهم ذكر الرمل.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٠٥) وليس عنده: ثم رمل.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥١٠١)، والسنة للمروزى (١٣٦، ١٣٧)، والمراسيل لأبي داود (١٤٢). وعند أبي داود: السعى، بدلًا من: الرمل. وعند ابن أبي شيبة مقتصرًا على فعله - ﷺ -.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨٨٤) عن عبد الله بن عمر بن أبان به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٩١٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٢٦٢/ ٢٣٣).","vol":"9","page":559},{"text":"٩٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ بنُ أخضَرَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ رَمَلَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ إلَى الحَجَرِ، وذَكَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأصَمُّ إملاءً، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ وعليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِيُّ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، أخبرَنِي جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَمَلَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَيه ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ قال: رَمَلَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ إلَى الحَجَرِ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٦٠) من طريق سليم بن أخضر.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦٢/ ٢٣٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٦٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٦٩)، والترمذي (٨٥٧)، والنسائي (٢٩٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧١٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٦٣/ ٢٣٥).","vol":"9","page":560},{"text":"٩٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه رآه بَدأ فاستَلَمَ الحَجَرَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ عن يَمينِه فرَمَلَ ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ ومَشَى أربَعَةً، ثُمَّ أتَى المَقامَ فصَلَّى خَلفَه رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2083>بابُ الرَّمَلِ في أوَّلِ طَوافٍ وسَعْىٍ يأتِى بهِما إذا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ بحَجٍّ أو عُمرَةٍ</span>\n\n٩٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا طافَ بالبَيتِ الطَّوافَ الأوَّلَ خَبَّ ثَلاثَةً ومَشَى أربَعَةً، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَفعَلُه، وكانَ يَسعَى ببَطنِ المَسيلِ إذا طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ. فقُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يَمشِى إذا بَلَغَ الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ؟ قال: لا، إلَّا أن يُزاحَمَ على الرُّكنِ فإِنَّه كان لا يَدَعُه حَتَّى يَستَلِمَه (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٤٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٠) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وعندهما بذكر فعله - ﷺ - فحسب، وزاد ابن ماجه: وكان ابن عمر يفعله.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٤٤)، ومسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣٠).","vol":"9","page":561},{"text":"٩٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ عُقبَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا طافَ في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ أوَّلَ ما يَقدَمُ، فإِنَّه يَسعَى ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ يَمشِى أربَعًا، ثُمَّ يُصلِّى سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَطوفُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عَبّادٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ شُجاعٍ، أنَّه كان إذا طافَ في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ أوَّلَ ما يَقدَمُ فإِنَّه يَسعَى ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ بالبَيتِ ويَمشِى أربَعًا. لَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ عن موسَى (^٢).\n\n٩٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦١٤)، وهو في حديث أبي العباس الأصم (٤٣٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٩٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٤١) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به وليس عند أبي داود: ثم يطوف. . . وسيأتي في (٩٣٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣١)، والبخاري (١٦١٦).","vol":"9","page":562},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَرمُلْ في السَّبعِ الَّذِى أفاضَ فيهِ. قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: لا رَمَلَ فيهِ (^١).\n\n٩٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا أحرَمَ مِن مَكَّةَ لَم يَطُفْ بالبَيتِ ولا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ مِن مِنًى، وكانَ لا يَسعَى إذا طافَ حَولَ البَيتِ إذا أحرَمَ مِن مَكَّةَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ في قَولِه: لا يَسعَى. يَعنِى: لا يَرمُلُ.\nقال: ومَن أحرَمَ مِن مَكَّةَ أو طافَ قَبلَ مِنًى ثُمَّ طافَ يَومَ النَّحرِ لَم يَرمُلْ، إنَّما يَرمُلُ مَن كان ابتِداءُ طَوافِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2084>بابٌ: لا رَمَلَ على النِّساءِ</span>\n\n٩٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: ليس على النِّساءِ سَعْىٌ بالبَيتِ ولا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٩٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٠٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٣). وليس عند أبي داود والنسائي قول عطاء. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٦٤).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٥٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٥ من طريق ابن =","vol":"9","page":563},{"text":"ورَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن عائشةَ وعن عَطاءٍ (^١).\n\n٩٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: يا مَعشَرَ النِّساءِ لَيسَ عَلَيكُنَّ رَمَلٌ بالبَيتِ، لَكُنَّ فينا أُسوَةٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2085>بابُ القَولِ في الطَّوافِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أُحِبُّ كُلَّما حاذَى به - يَعنِى بالحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ - أن يُكَبِّرَ وأن يَقولَ في رَمَلِه: اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْه حَجًّا مَبرورًا، وذَنبًا مَغفورًا، وسَعيًا مَشكورًا. ويَقولُ في الأطوافِ الأربَعَةِ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ وارحَمْ، واعفُ عَمّا تَعلَمُ، وأنتَ الأعَزُّ الأكرَمُ، اللَّهُمَّ آتِنا في الدُّنيا حَسَنَةً وفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وقِنا عَذابَ النّارِ (^٣).\n\n٩٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الصَّغانِيُّ وعباسٌ الدّورِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ [أبي بُكَيرٍ] (^٤)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ،\n_________\n= جريج به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٩٧).\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٩٦) من طريق مجاهد عن عائشة.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٥٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١٠.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أبي بكر\"، وفي ص ٤: \"بكير\". وتقدم في (٤٧٠، ١٠٨١، ١٦٠٧).","vol":"9","page":564},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على بَعيرِه، كُلَّما أتَى على الرُّكنِ أشارَ إلَيه وكَبَّرَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ السّائبِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ بَينَ الرُّكنَينِ: \" ﴿رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾ \" (^٣) [البقرة: ٢٠١].\n\n٩٣٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ صُهبانَ، أنَّه رأى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ وهو يقولُ: ﴿رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾ ما له هِجِّيرَى (^٤) غَيرُها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٨) عن يحيى بن أبي بكير به. والترمذي (٨٦٥)، والنسائي (٢٩٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٤)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٥) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وسيأتي في (٩٤٤٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٩٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٢٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٢١) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (١٥٣٩٩)، وأبو داود (١٨٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٣٤)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٦٦).\n(^٤) الهِجِّيرَى: الكلام والدأب والشأن. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣١٨.\n(^٥) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣١٨. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٨٣١)، وأحمد في الزهد ص ١١٧ =","vol":"9","page":565},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2086>بابُ إقلالِ الكَلامِ بغَيرِ ذِكرِ اللَّهِ في الطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ صَلاةٌ إلَّا أنَّه قَد أُذِنَ فيه بالمَنطِقِ، فمَنِ استَطاعَ ألا يَنطِقَ إلَّا بخَيرٍ فليَفعَلْ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ وموسَى بنُ أعيَنَ وغَيرُهُم عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وشُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا:\n\n٩٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الطَّوافُ صَلاةٌ فأقِلّوا فيه مِنَ الكَلامِ (^٤).\n_________\n= من طريق أبي بكر بن عياش به. والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٤١٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٨٣٦) من طريق فضيل به.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٩٣٧٥).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (١٦٣٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٨٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٥٠) من طريق ابن طاوس به. وسيأتي في (٩٣٧٧).","vol":"9","page":566},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ عن طاوُسٍ (^١).\n\n٩٣٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: أقِلّوا الكَلامَ في الطَّوافِ فإِنَّما أنتُم في صَلاةٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: طُفتُ خَلفَ ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ فما سَمِعتُ واحِدًا مِنهُما مُتَكَلِّمًا حَتَّى فرَغَ مِن طَوافِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ الجُمَحِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ حَبّانَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: مَن طافَ بهَذا البَيتِ سَبعًا لا يَتَكَلَّمُ فيه إلَّا بتَكبيرٍ أو تَهليلٍ كان عَدلَ رَقَبَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩٣٧٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٥٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٩٢٣) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٥٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٩٦٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٤٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٧٣٦): صحيح الإسناد موقوف.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٤٨).","vol":"9","page":567},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2087>بابُ الشُّربِ في الطَّوافِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في الإِملاءِ: روِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه شَرِبَ وهو يَطوفُ فجَلَسَ على جِدارِ الحِجرِ، وروِىَ مِن وجهٍ لا يَثبُتُ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - شَرِبَ وهو يَطوفُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَعَلَّه أرادَ ما:\n\n٩٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - شَرِبَ ماءً في الطَّوافِ (^٢). هذا غَريبٌ بهَذا اللَّفظِ.\nوالرِّوايَةُ المشهورَةُ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ ما:\n\n٩٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بزَمزَمَ فاستَسقَى، فأتَيتُه بدَلوٍ مِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٦٠) عن الشافعي.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٦١)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٠. وقال: غريب صحيح. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٠) عن الدورى به. وابن حبان (٣٨٣٧) من طريق عبد السلام به. وعندهم ما عدا المصنف زيادة شعبة بين عبد السلام وعاصم.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٦٦٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٢٠) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وأحمد (٢١٨٣) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذي في الشمائل (٢٠١)، والنسائي (٢٩٦٥)، وابن ماجه =","vol":"9","page":568},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٩٣٧١ - وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، سَمِعَ الشَّعبِيَّ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: سَقَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ قائمًا، واستَسقَى وهو عِندَ البَيتِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\nورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن عاصِمٍ ومُغيرَةَ عن الشَّعبِىِّ مُختَصَرًا: شَرِبَ مِن زَمزَمَ وهو قائمٌ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ (^٤) وابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٥) ومَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ (^٦) وأبو عَوانَةَ (^٧) وغَيرُهُم، عن عاصِمٍ. وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ ومَروانَ (^٨)، وقالَ بَعضُهُم في الحَديثِ: سَقَيتُ. ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ واحِدٍ مِنهُم ذِكرُ الطَّوافِ.\n_________\n= (٣٤٢٢) من طريق عاصم به، وسيأتي في (١٤٧٦٠).\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٢٧/. . .).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٧/ ١٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٧/ ١١٩)، والترمذي (١٨٨٢)، والنسائي (٢٩٦٤)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٩) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٤٧٦١) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٣)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٧/ ١١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٦) سيأتي في (٩٧٣٩).\n(^٧) أخرجه مسلم (٢٠٢٧/ ١١٧) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٨) في البخاري (١٦٣٧، ٥٦١٧).","vol":"9","page":569},{"text":"واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2088>بابُ الطَّوافِ على الطَّهارَةِ</span>\n\n٩٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أَخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُروةَ قال: قَد حَجَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأخبَرَتنِى عائشَةُ - ﵂ - أنَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ بَدأ به حينَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أنَّه تَوَضّأ ثُمَّ طافَ بالبَيتِ (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٩٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: قَدِمتُ مَكَّةَ وأنا حائضٌ فلَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ. قالَت: فشَكَوتُ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"افعَلِى كما يَفعَلُ الحاجُّ غَيرَ ألَّا تَطوفِى بالبَيتِ حَتَّى تَطهُرِى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٤). وأخرَجاه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٠٨) من طريق حرملة.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦١٤، ١٦١٥)، ومسلم (١٢٣٥/ ١٩٠). وتقدم في (٩٣١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣٢)، ومالك ١/ ٤١١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٨٣٥). وتقدم في (٨٨٧٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٥٠).","vol":"9","page":570},{"text":"مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ وفيه: \"غَيرَ ألا تَطوفِى بالبَيتِ حَتَّى تَغتَسِلِى\".\n\n٩٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، قالَت عائشَةُ: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا نُرَى إلَّا الحَجَّ، فلَمّا كُنّا بسَرِفَ أو قَريبًا مِنه حِضتُ، فدَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا أبكِى، فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ؟ أنَفِستِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"إنَّ هذا أمرٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فاقضِى ما يَقضِى الحاجُّ غَيرَ ألا تَطوفِى بالبَيتِ حَتَّى تَغتَسِلِى\". فلَمّا كُنّا بمِنًى ضَحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن نِسائِه بالبَقَرِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عمرٍو، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَها: حِضتُ. ولا قَولَها: فلَمّا كُنّا بمِنًى. قالَت: وضَحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺعن نِسائِه البَقَرَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ وغَيرِه، عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٤٧١٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٩٣، ١٤٥٥٦)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٩٦٣). وتقدم في (١٤٩١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤، ٥٥٤٨، ٥٥٥٩)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٩).","vol":"9","page":571},{"text":"أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عياضٍ (ح)، وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عليٌّ يَعنِى ابنَ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، كُلُّهُم عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، قال سفيانُ في رِوايَتِه: رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الطَّوافَ بالبَيتِ مِثلُ الصَّلاةِ، إلَّا أنَّكُم تَتَكَلَّمونَ فيه، فمَن تَكَلَّمَ فلا يَتَكَلَّمْ إلَّا بخَيرٍ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ جَريرٍ، وقالَ موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ في رِوايَتِه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ صَلاةٌ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أحَلَّ لَكُمُ المَنْطِقَ فيه، فمَن نَطَقَ فلا يَنطِقْ إلَّا بخَيرٍ\". وبِمَعناه في رِوايَةِ الفُضَيلِ.\n\n٩٣٧٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا مَعنٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ صَلاةٌ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أحَلَّ فيه المَنْطِقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨٩٠) من طريق موسى بن أعين به. والترمذي (٩٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٣٩) من طريق جرير به. قال الترمذي: لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من حديث عطاء بن السائب، والعمل على هذا عند أكثر أهل العلم. والدارمى (١٨٨٩) من طريق الحميدي به. وتقدم عقب (٩٣٦٤).","vol":"9","page":572},{"text":"فمَن نَطَقَ فلا يَنطِقْ إلَّا بخَيرٍ\" (^١). رَفَعَه عَطاءٌ ولَيثُ بنُ أبي سُلَيمٍ، ووَقَفَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ في الرِّوايَةِ الصَّحيحَةِ.\n\n٩٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الطَّوافُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ، فأقِلّوا فيه الكَلامَ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ صَلاةٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورَواه الباغَندِىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عِمرانَ مَرفوعًا ولَم يَصنَعْ شَيئًا، فقَد رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وأبو عَوانَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ مَوقوفًا (^٤).\n\n٩٣٧٩ - ورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن طاوُسٍ عن بَعضِ مَن أدرَكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ صَلاةٌ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣٥) من طريق عمران بن موسى به. والطبراني (١٠٩٥٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٣٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٣١٠)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١١ من طريق سفيان به. والطبراني (١٠٩٧٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن ميسرة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٧٩٠) عن ابن جريج به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٤٤) من طريق أبي عوانة به.","vol":"9","page":573},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وحَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2089>بابٌ: لا يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ</span>\n\n٩٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - بَعَثَه في الحَجَّةِ التي أمَّرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيها قَبلَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ يَومَ النَّحرِ في رَهطٍ يُؤَذِّنُ في النّاسِ: \"لا يَحُجُّ بعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ، ولا يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ المُقرِئِ: \"ولا يَطوفَنَّ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ وعن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٨٨)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٤٢٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٩٢٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٧٣٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٢٢) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٠٢) من طريق يونس به. والنسائي (٢٩٥٧). وسيأتي في (١٨٦٧٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٢٢، ٤٣٦٣). ومسلم (١٣٤٧/ ٤٣٥).","vol":"9","page":574},{"text":"٩٣٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمًا البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ المَرأةُ تَطوفُ بالبَيتِ وهِىَ عُريانَةٌ وتَقولُ:\nاليَومَ يَبدو بَعضُه أو كُلُّه\nوما بَدا مِنه فلا أُحِلُّه\nفنَزَلَت: ﴿يَابَنِي آدَمَ خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ﴾ (^١) [الأعراف: ٣١]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٣٨٢ - وأخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في \"المستدرك\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ المَرأةُ تَطوفُ بالبَيتِ في الجاهِليَّةِ وهِىَ عُريانَةٌ وعَلَى فرجِها خِرقَةٌ وهِىَ تَقولُ:\nاليَومَ يَبدو بَعضُه أو كُلُّه\nفما بَدا مِنه فلا أُحِلُّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٠١) عن محمد بن بشار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٢٨).","vol":"9","page":575},{"text":"فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ﴾ (^١) [الأعراف: ٣٢].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2090>بابُ المُستَحاضَةِ تَطوفُ </span>(^٢)\n\n٩٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ، أن أبا ماعِزٍ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سُفيانَ أخبَرَه، أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فجاءَته امرأةٌ تَستَفتيه فقالَت: إنِّي أقبَلتُ أُريدُ أن أطوفَ بالبَيتِ، حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ عِندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ أهْرَقتُ الدِّماءَ، فرَجَعتُ حَتَّى إذا ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ عَنِّى، ثُمَّ أقبَلتُ حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ عِندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ أهْرَقتُ الدِّماءَ، فرَجَعتُ حَتَّى إذا ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ عَنِّى، ثُمَّ أقبَلتُ حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ عِندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ أهرَقتُ الدِّماءَ. فَقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّما ذَلِكَ رَكضَةٌ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ، اغتَسِلِى ثُمَّ استَثفِرِى بثَوبٍ ثُمَّ طوفِى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2091>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقودُ غَيرَه في الطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٢٤٥).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بالبيت\".\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٨ و- مخطوط) وفيه: عن أبي الزبير المكي أن أباه أخبره عن عبد الله بن سفيان، ومن طريقه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٦٨٧)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٧١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٥) عن مالك به. وليس عند ابن بكير ذكر المرة الثالثة.","vol":"9","page":576},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ، أن طاوُسًا أخبَرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ وهو يَطوفُ بالكَعبَةِ برَجُلٍ يَقودُ رَجُلًا بخِزامَةٍ (^١) في أنفِه، فقَطَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَه أن يَقودَه بيَدِه. قال: ومَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ وهو يَطوفُ قَد رُبِقَ (^٢)، يَعنِى بإِنسانٍ آخَرَ، بسَيرٍ أو بخَيطٍ أو شَئٍ غَيرِ ذَلِكَ، فقَطَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"قُدْه بيَدِكَ\". قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي بهَذا أجْمَعَ سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ، أن طاوُسًا أخبَرَه، أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال ذَلِكَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ مُختَصَرًا في الأوَّلِ دونَ الثّانِى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2092>بابُ مَوضِعِ الطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) خزامة: حلقة من شعر تجعل في أنف البعير الصعب يراض بذلك. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٢) رُبِق: ربط. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦٠. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٥١، ٢٧٥٢) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (٣٤٤٣)، وأبو داود (٣٣٠٢)، والنسائي (٣٨٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٣١، ٣٨٣٢). وعند أحمد مقتصرًا على الشطر الثاني، وعند أبي داود مقتصرًا على الشطر الأول.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٢١).","vol":"9","page":577},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ فيما قرأ عَلَيه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ، أخبَرَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألَم تَرَىْ إلى (^١) قَومِكِ حينَ بَنَوُا الكَعبَةَ اقتَصَروا عن قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أفَلا تَرُدُّه على قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَولا حِدْثانُ قَومِكِ بالكُفرِ لَفَعَلتُ\". فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: لَئن كانَت عائشَةُ سَمِعَت هذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما أُرَى رسولَ الله - ﷺ - تَرَكَ استِلامَ الرُّكنَينِ اللَّذَينِ يَليانِ الحِجرَ إلَّا أن البَيتَ لَم يُتَمَّمْ على قَواعِدِ إبراهيمَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ، رَواه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩٣٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه أُخبِرَ بقَولِ عائشةَ: إن الحِجْرَ بَعضُه مِنَ البَيتِ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: واللهِ إنِّي لأظُنُّ إنْ كانَت عائشَةُ سَمِعَت هذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إنِّي لأظُنُّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَترُكِ استِلامَهُما إلَّا أنَّهُما لَيسا على قَواعدِ البَيتِ، ولا طافَ النّاسُ مِن وراءِ الحِجرِ إلَّا لِذَلِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"أن\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٦٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٦، ومالك ١/ ٣٦٣. وتقدم في (٩٣١٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٨٣)، ومسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٣٩٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٨٧٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٨٩٤١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٥١) دون قوله: ولا طاف الناس. . . .","vol":"9","page":578},{"text":"٩٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الجَدْرِ (^١)؛ أمِنَ البَيتِ هِىَ (^٢)؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: فما لَهُم لَم يُدخِلوه في البَيتِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ قَومَكِ قَصَّرَت بهِمُ النَّفَقَةُ\". قُلتُ: فما شأنُ بابِه مُرتَفِعٌ؟ قال: \"فعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَومُكِ ليُدخِلوا مَن شاءوا ويَمنَعوا مَن شاءوا، ولَولا أنَّ قَومَكِ حَديثُ عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّةٍ فأَخافُ أن تُنكِرَ قُلوبُهُم، لَنَظَرتُ أن أُدخِلَ الجَدْرَ في البَيتِ وأَن أُلصِقَ بابَه بالأرضِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبي الأحوَصِ (^٤).\n\n٩٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ والحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ، قال الحُسَينُ: حدثنا. وقالَ إبراهيمُ: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ أبي صَغيرَةَ، عن أبي قَزَعَةَ، أن عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ مَروانَ بَينَما هو يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ إذ قال: قاتَلَ اللَّهُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ حَيثُ يَكذِبُ على أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، يقولُ: سَمِعتُها تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَولا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٤: \"الجدار\". والجدر: هو الحِجْر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٢.\n(^٢) عند البخاري ومسلم، وفى المهذب ٤/ ١٨٣٤: \"هو\".\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٥) من طريق الأشعث، وفيه: الحجر بدلًا من: الجدر.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٨٤)، ومسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠٥).","vol":"9","page":579},{"text":"حِدْثانُ قَومِكِ بالكُفرِ لَنَقَضتُ البَيتَ حَتَّى أزيدَ فيه مِنَ الحِجْرِ، فإِنَّ قَومَكِ قَصَّروا في البِناءِ\". فقالَ الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ: لا تَقُلْ هذا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ تُحَدِّثُ بهَذا. قال: لَو كُنتُ سَمِعتُه قَبلَ أن أهدِمَه لَتَرَكتُه على بناءِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بكرٍ السَّهمِيِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعتُ عَدَدًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِن قُرَيشٍ يَذكُرونَ أنَّه تُرِكَ مِنَ الكَعبَةِ في الحِجرِ نَحوٌ مِن سِتَّةِ أذرُعٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٣٨٩ - قال الشيخُ: أخبرَنا بصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مِيناءَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبيرِ يقولُ: حَدَّثَتنِى خالَتِى، يَعنِى عائشةَ، قالَت: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا عائشةُ لَولا أنَّ قَومَكِ حَديثو عَهدٍ بشِركٍ لَهَدَمتُ الكَعبَةَ فأَلزَقتُها بالأرضِ، وجَعَلتُ لَها بابَينِ بابًا شَرقيًّا وبابًا غَربيًّا، وزِدتُ فيها سِتَّةَ أذرُعٍ مِنَ الحِجرِ، فإِنَّ قُرَيشًا اقتَصَرَت بها حينَ بَنَتِ الكَعبَةَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٥١) عن عبد الله بن بكر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠٤).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣١)، وأحمد (٢٥٤٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٦٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨١٨) من طريق سليم بن حيان به.","vol":"9","page":580},{"text":"ابنِ حاتِمٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^١)، وفِي رِوايَةِ عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ: \"خَمسَةَ أذرُعٍ\" (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ عن عائشةَ: \"قريبًا مِن سَبعَةِ أذرُعٍ\" (^٣). والسِّتَّةُ أشهَرُ.\n\n٩٣٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لها: \"لَولا أنَّ قَومَكِ حَديثُ عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّة لأمَرتُ بالبَيتِ فهُدِمَ، فأُدخِلُ فيه ما أُخرِجَ مِنه، وأَلزَقتُه بالأرضِ، وجَعَلتُ له بابَينِ بابًا شَرقيًّا وبابًا غَربيًّا، فإِنَّهُم عَجَزوا عن بنائِه، فبَلَغتُ به بُنيانَ إبراهيمَ\". قال: وذَلِكَ الَّذِى حَمَلَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ على هَدمِه. قال يَزيدُ بنُ رومانَ: وقَد شَهِدتُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ حينَ هَدَمَه وأدخَلَ فيه مِنَ الحِجْرِ، وقَد رأيتُ بُنيانَ إبراهيمَ ﵇ حِجارَةً كأسنِمَةِ الإبِلِ مُتَلاحِمَةً، أو قال: مُتَلاحِكَةً (^٤). قال جَريرٌ: فقُلتُ له: أينَ مَوضِعُهُ؟ قال: أُريكَه (^٥) الآنَ. فأدخَلَنِى الحِجرَ فأشارَ إلَى مَكانٍ فقالَ: ههُنا. قال جَريرٌ: فحَزَرتُ مِنَ الحِجرِ سِتَّةَ أذرُعٍ أو نَحوَها (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠١).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠٢)، والنسائي (٢٩١٠) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٣٣٣/ ٤٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٤١) من طريق عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير به.\n(^٤) في م: \"متلاكحة\". ومُلاحَكة البنيان ونحوه وتَلاحُكه: تلاؤمه. تاج العروس ٢٧/ ١٣١٩ (ل ح ك).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"أريكم\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٢٩)، والنسائي (٢٩٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٢١) من طريق يزيد به. وعند أحمد مقتصرًا على المرفوع، وعند النسائي إلى قوله: متلاحكة.","vol":"9","page":581},{"text":"بَيانِ بنِ عمرٍو عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^١).\n\n٩٣٩١ - ورَواه الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، عن جَريرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ ابنُ أبي أُسامَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن أبيه (^٣). وكأنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ رومانَ سَمِعَه مِن عبدِ اللهِ وعُروَةَ جَميعًا.\n\n٩٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الحِجْرُ مِنَ البَيتِ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طافَ بالبَيتِ مِن ورائِه، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٩] (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2093>بابُ كَمالِ عَدَدِ الطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٨٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٩، ٤٨٠ وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨١٦) من طريق وهب به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٠. وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٤٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":582},{"text":"ابنُ عياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان إذا طافَ في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ أوَّلَ ما يَقدَمُ سَعَى (^١) ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ بالبَيتِ ومَشَى (^٢) أربَعًا، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّى سَجدَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَطوفُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن موسَى (^٤).\n\n٩٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ سِنانٍ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الجَزَرِىَّ، عن أبي الزُّبيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الاستِجمارُ تَوٌّ، ورَمىُ الجِمارِ تَوٌّ، والسَّعىُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ تَوٌّ، والطَّوافُ تَوٌّ، وإِذا استَجمَرَ أحَدُكُم فليَستَجمِرْ بتَوٍّ\" (^٥). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ، زادَ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ في رِوايَتِه: والتَّوُّ الوِترُ. رَواه مسلمٌ (^٦) في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يسعى\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يمشى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٦٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٧٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٩٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٤١) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وتقدم في (٩٣٤٢) وغيرها.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦١٦)، ومسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٠٠٢) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به.\n(^٦) في ص ٤: \"البخاري\".","vol":"9","page":583},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2094>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه يَمضِى في الطَّوافِ بعدَ الاستِلامِ على يَمينِه، ويَجعَلُ الكَعبَةَ عن يَسارِه، ولا يَطوفُ مَنكوسًا</span>\n\n٩٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِيُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ النَّسائيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ واصِلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لما قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أتَى الحَجَرَ فاستَلَمَه، ثُمَّ مَضَى على يَمينِه، فرَمَلَ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2095>بابُ رَكعَتَىِ الطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٠٠/ ٣١٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٤٦) عن أبي الحسن، والنسائي (٢٩٣٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٨٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٥) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم (٩٣٥٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٥٠).","vol":"9","page":584},{"text":"سَمِعَ أباه يُحَدِّثُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: فلَمّا طافَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ذَهَبَ إلَى المَقامِ وقالَ: \" ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ \" [البقرة: ١٢٥]. فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٩٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: حَتَّى أتَينا البَيتَ مَعَه استَلَمَ الرُّكنَ فرَمَلَ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إلى مَقامِ إبراهيمَ ﵇ فقَرأ: \" ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ \". فجَعَلَ المَقامَ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ. قال (^٢): فكانَ أبي يقولُ - ولا أعلَمُه ذَكَرَه إلَّا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كان يَقرأُ في الرَّكعَتَينِ بـ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾. و﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى البَيتِ فاستَلَمَ الرُّكنَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٣٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا عليُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٤٠)، والترمذي (٨٥٦)، والنسائي (٢٩٣٩) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) القائل جعفر بن محمد.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٧١) دون ذكر أبي عمرو المقرئ، وفي الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣ - ٤٣٨، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وتقدم (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"9","page":585},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - طافَ بالبَيتِ فرَمَلَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ الأسوَدِ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ قرأ فيهِما: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾. و﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه.\n\n٩٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بطُوسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فطافَ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، وصَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّفا وقالَ: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ \" (^٢) [الأحزاب: ٢١]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2096>بابُ مَن رَكَعَ رَكعَتَىِ الطَّوافِ حَيثُ كانَ</span>\n\n٩٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبدٍ القارِيَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّه طافَ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٤٠٥) من طريق القعنبى به. وتقدم في (٩٣٥٣) دون قوله: ثم صلى ركعتين.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٧٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٦٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨٠٩) من طريق شعبة به دون ذكر الآية. وابن ماجه (٢٩٥٩) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وسيأتي في (٩٨٩١).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٢٧)، ومسلم (١٢٣٤/. . .).","vol":"9","page":586},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بعدَ صلاةِ الصُّبحِ بالكَعبَةِ، فلَمّا قَضَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - طَوافَه نَظَرَ فلَم يَرَ الشَّمسَ، فرَكِبَ حَتَّى أناخَ بذِى طُوًى فسَبَّحَ رَكعَتَينِ (^١).\n\n٩٤٠١ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ أنَّه قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ بعدَ صلاةِ العَصرِ، ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ حُجرَتَه، فلا أدرِى ما يَصنَعُ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أنَّه صلَّاهُما بعدَ العَصرِ.\n\n٩٤٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحاسِبُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه طافَ بعدَ العَصرِ وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ والحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ وأبى الدَّرداءِ أنَّهُم صَلَّوْهُما؛ ابنُ عُمَرَ بعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، وهؤلاءِ بعدَ صلاةِ العَصرِ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٠٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ فِراسٍ المالِكِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٨٥).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٢٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٣) الجعديات (١٧٧٥). وأخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٤٩٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) ينظر صحيح البخاري (١٦٣٠، ١٦٣١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٩٦ - ١٣٣٩٨، ١٣٤٠٣، ١٣٤٠٥، ١٣٤٠٦). وأخبار مكة للفاكهي (٤٩٤، ٤٩٩، ٥٠٥). وعند البخاري في الموضع الأول أن ابن الزبير صلاهما بعد الفجر.","vol":"9","page":587},{"text":"عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ باباه، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"يا بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ لا تَمنَعوا أحَدًا طافَ بهَذا البَيتِ وصَلَّى أيَّةَ ساعَةٍ شاءَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2097>بابُ استِلامِ الحَجَرِ بعدَ الرَّكعَتَينِ</span>\n\n٩٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُوسَائيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبْدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّفا عادَ إلَى الحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2098>بابُ المُلتَزَمِ</span>\n\n٩٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ صَفوانَ قال: لما فتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ قُلتُ: لألبِسَنَّ ثيابِى - وكانَت دارِى على الطَّريقِ - فلأنظُرَنَّ كَيفَ يَصنَعُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٧٠، ٤٤٧١). وسيأتي في (٩٥٠٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٦) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧).","vol":"9","page":588},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فانطَلَقتُ فرأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَد خَرَجَ مِنَ الكَعبَةِ هو وأصحابُه قَدِ استَلَموا البَيتَ مِن البابِ إلَى الحَطيمِ (^١)، وقَد وضَعوا خُدودَهُم على البَيتِ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وسَطَهُم (^٢).\n\n٩٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ أطوفُ مَعَ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، فرأيتُ قَومًا قَدِ التَزَموا البَيتَ، فقُلتُ له: انطَلِقْ بنا نَلتَزِمُ البَيتَ مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ. فقالَ: أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ. فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن طَوافِه التَزَمَ ما بَينَ البابِ والحَجَرِ. قال: هذا واللَّهِ المَكانُ الَّذِى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - التَزَمَه (^٣). كَذا قال: مَعَ أبي. وإِنَّما هو جَدُّه، فإِنَّه شُعَيبُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، ولا أدرِى سَمِعَه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ مِن عمرٍو أم لا؟ والحَديثُ مَشهورٌ بالمُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ.\n_________\n(^١) قال في عون المعبود ٢/ ٨٢٠: الحطيم هو ما بين الركن والباب كما ذكره محب الدين الطبري وغيره. وقال مالك في \"المدونة\": الحطيم ما بين الباب إلى المقام. . . وقيل: هو الحجر الأسود كما يشعر به سياق هذا الحديث.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠١٧) من طريق جرير به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٣٨: هذا منكر، ويزيد ليس بحجة.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠٤٤)، والأزرقي في أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٤٩ من طريق ابن جريج. وعند عبد الرزاق: قال عمرو بن شعيب: طاف محمد جده مع أبيه عبد الله بن عمرو. وعند الأزرقي: عن عمرو بن شعيب عن أبيه أنه قال: طاف محمد بن عبد الله بن عمرو مع أبيه عبد الله. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٣٨: عليٌّ لين.","vol":"9","page":589},{"text":"٩٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه قال: طُفتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ، فلَمّا جِئنا دُبُرَ الكَعبَةِ قُلتُ له: ألا تَتَعَوَّذُ؟ قال: أعوذُ باللهِ مِنَ النّارِ. ثُمَّ مَضَى حَتَّى استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ قامَ بَينَ الركنِ (^١) والبابِ فوَضَعَ صَدرَه ووَجهَه وذِراعَيه وكَفَّيه وبَسَطَهُما بَسطًا، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن المُثَنَّى مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2099>بابُ الخُروجِ إلَى الصَّفا والمَروَةِ والسَّعىِ بَينَهُما والذِّكرِ عَلَيهِما</span>\n\n٩٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ السَّلَمِيِّ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ خَرَجَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ وهو يُريدُ الصَّفا يقولُ: \"نَبدأُ بما بَدأ اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الركنين\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٥٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٩٦٢) من طريق المثنى به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٣٩: عليٌّ والمثنَّى ضعيفان.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٨٩٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٩ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"9","page":590},{"text":"به\". فبَدأ بالصَّفا (^١).\n\n٩٤٠٩ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا وقَفَ على الصَّفا كَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا ويَقولُ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ\". يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثًا، ويَدعو ويَصنَعُ على المَروَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٩٤١٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا نَزَلَ مِنَ الصَّفا مَشَى حَتَّى إذا انصَبَّت (^٣) قَدَماه في بَطنِ الوادِى سَعَى حَتَّى يَخرُجَ مِنه (^٤).\n\n٩٤١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنَ البابِ إلَى الصَّفا حَتَّى إذا دَنا مِنَ الصَّفا قرأ: \" ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨] أبدأُ بما بَدأ اللَّهُ به\". فبَدأ بالصَّفا فرَقِىَ عَلَيه، حَتَّى إذا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٨ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٧٢. وتقدم في (٤٠١).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٨ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٧٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٧١)، والنسائي (٢٩٧٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٧٨٢).\n(^٣) أي: انحدرت في المسعى. النهاية ٣/ ٣.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٧٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٧٢)، والنسائي (٢٩٨١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٧٩٠).","vol":"9","page":591},{"text":"رأى البَيتَ فكَبَّرَ اللهَ وهَلَّلَه وقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ يُحيِى ويُميتُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه، أنجَزَ وعدَه، ونَصَرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه\". ثُمَّ دَعا بَينَ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ إلَى المَروَةِ، حَتَّى إذا انصَبَّت قَدَماه رَمَلَ في بَطنِ الوادِى، حَتَّى إذا صَعِدَ مَشَى حَتَّى أتَى المَروَةَ، ففَعَلَ على المَروَةِ كما فعَلَ على الصَّفا، حَتَّى كان آخِرُ الطَّوافِ على المَروَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ دونَ قَولِه: \"يُحيِى ويُميتُ\" (^٢)\n\n٩٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ في قِصَّةِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ، قال: ودَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فبَدأ بالحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه، ثُمَّ طافَ سَبعًا وصَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ حَتَّى أتَى الصَّفا، فعَلا مِنه حَتَّى يَرَى البَيتَ، وجَعَلَ يَحمَدُ اللهَ ويَدعوه (^٣).\n\n٩٤١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وأقبَلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣ - ٤٣٨، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة وابن حبان بدون قوله: \"يحيى ويميت\". وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٥٥، ٥٦، والطيالسي (٢٥٦٤).","vol":"9","page":592},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أقبَلَ إلَى الحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه وطافَ بالبَيتِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن طَوافِه أتَى الصَّفا، فعَلا عَلَيه حَتَّى نَظَرَ إلَى البَيتِ، فرَفَعَ يَدَيه وجَعَلَ يَحمَدُ اللهَ ويَدعو بما شاءَ أن يَدعوَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ (^٢).\n\n٩٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا طافَ بالبَيتِ الطَّوافَ الأوَّلَ خَبَّ ثَلاثًا ومَشَى أربَعًا، وكانَ يَسعَى ببَطنِ المَسيلِ إذا طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ. فقُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: أكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَمشِى إذا بَلَغَ الرُّكنَ اليَمانِىَ؟ قال: لا إلَّا أن يُزاحَمَ على الرُّكنِ فإِنَّه كان لا يَدَعُه حَتَّى يَستَلِمَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ مَيمونٍ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٩٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٤٨)، وعنه أبو داود (١٨٧٢) مقتصرًا على الشاهد، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٧٦٠) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٨٠/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٣٧) من طريق عيسى بن يونس دون قول نافع. وتقدم في (٩٣٥١، ٩٣٥٢، ٩٣٥٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٤٤).","vol":"9","page":593},{"text":"نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ نافِعٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: المَسعَى مِن دارِ بَنِى عَبّادٍ إلَى زُقاقِ بَنِى أبي حُسَينٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٤١٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهِيارَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٩٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبي زائدَة، عن عامِرٍ، عن وهبِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بمَكَّةَ وهو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ قال: إذا قَدِمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُم حاجًّا فليَطُفْ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، وليُصَلِّ عِندَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينَ، ثُمَّ ليَبدأْ بالصَّفا فيَستَقبِلُ البَيتَ، فيُكَبِّرُ سَبعَ تَكبيراتٍ، بَينَ كُلِّ تَكبيرَتَينِ حَمْدُ اللهِ وثناءٌ عَلَيه، وصَلَّى على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وسألَ لِنَفسِه، وعَلَى المَروَةِ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٩٠٩) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦١/ ٢٣٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"حبيش\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الفاكهى (١٤١٥) من طريق نافع عن ابن عمر من فعله وفيه: باب دار بنى عباد ودار ابن أبي حسين ودار ابنة قرظة.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٣٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة مختصرًا (١٥٢٤٥)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٣٩٧) من طريق زكريا به.","vol":"9","page":594},{"text":"٩٤١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان إذا طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ بَدأ بالصَّفا، فرَقِىَ عَلَيه حَتَّى يَبدوَ له البَيتُ. قال: وكانَ يُكَبِّرُ ثَلاثَ تَكبيراتٍ ويَقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ. ويَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ، فذَلِكَ إحدَى وعشرون (^١) مِنَ التَّكبيرِ وسَبعٌ مِنَ التَّهليلِ، ثُمَّ يَدعو فيما بَينَ ذَلِكَ ويَسألُ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ يَهبِطُ حَتَّى إذا كان ببَطنِ المَسيلِ سَعَى حَتَّى يَظهَرَ مِنه، ثُمَّ يَمشِى حَتَّى يأتِىَ المَروَةَ فيَرقَى عَلَيها، فيَصنَعُ مِثلَ ما صَنَعَ على الصَّفا، يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ حَتَى يَفرُغَ مِن سَعيِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٤١٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وهو على الصَّفا يَدعو ويَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ قُلتَ: ﴿ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ﴾ [غافر: ٦٠]. وإِنَّكَ لا تُخلِفُ الميعادَ، وإِنِّى أسألُكَ كما هَدَيتَنِى إلَى الإسلامِ ألا تَنزِعَه مِنِّى حَتَّى تَتَوَفّانِي وأنا مُسلِمٌ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهرانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ والصغرى: \"عشرين\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، والمهذب ٤/ ١٨٤٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٠)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٩ و- مخطوط).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٠)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٨ ظ، ١٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٧٢، ومن طريقه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٤١٤).","vol":"9","page":595},{"text":"حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ على الصَّفا: اللَّهُمَّ اعصِمْنا بدينِكَ وطَواعيَتِكَ وطَواعيَةِ رسولِكِ، وجَنِّبْنا حُدودَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْنا نُحِبُّكَ ونُحِبُّ مَلائكَتَكَ وأنبياءَكَ ورُسُلَكَ، ونُحِبُّ عِبادَكَ الصّالِحينَ، اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْنا إلَيكَ وإِلَى مَلائكَتِكَ وإِلَى أنبيائِكَ ورُسُلِكَ وإِلَى عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ، اللَّهُمَّ يَسِّرْنا لِليُسرَى وجَنِّبْنا العُسرَى، واغفِرْ لَنا في الآخِرَةِ والأولَى، واجعَلْنا مِن أئمَّةِ المُتَّقينَ (^١).\n\n٩٤٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ النَّصراباذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ راشِدٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: هَل مِن قَولٍ كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَلزَمُه؟ قال: لا تَسألْ عن ذَلِكَ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيسَ بواجِبٍ. فأبَيتُ أن أدَعَه حَتَّى يُخبِرَنِى، قال: كان يُطيلُ القيامَ حَتَّى لَولا الحَياءُ مِنه لَجَلَسنا، فيُكَبِّرُ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ يقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ. ثُمَّ يَدعو طَويلًا، يَرفَعُ صَوتَه ويَخفِضُه، حَتَّى إنَّه لَيَسألُه أن يَقضِىَ عنه مَغرَمَه فيما سألَ، ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ يقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، له المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ. ثُمَّ يَسألُ طَويلًا كَذَلِكَ، حَتَّى يَفعَلَ ذَلِكَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ، يقولُ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٢). وأخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٤١١) من طريق أيوب به. وزاد في آخره: واجعلنى من ورثة جنة النعيم، ولا تخزنى يوم يبعثون.","vol":"9","page":596},{"text":"على الصَّفا والمَروَةِ في كُلِّ ما حَجَّ واعتَمَرَ (^١).\n\n٩٤٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِىِّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا شاذانُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ عِندَ الصَّفا: اللَّهُمَّ أحيِنِى على سُنَّةِ نَبيِّكَ - ﷺ -، وتَوَفَّنِى على مِلَّتِه، وأعِذْنِى مِن مُضِلَّاتِ الفِتَنِ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ قالا: قامَ عبدُ اللَّهِ - يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ - على الصَّدْعِ الَّذِى في الصَّفا، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: ههُنا يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فقالَ: هذا والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه مَقامُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٤١٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٤١: صدقة بن عبد الله ضعفوه.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٣). وأخرجه المحاملى في أماليه (٢٩٦) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو القاسم البدر بن الهيثم (١٤ - جمهرة الأجزاء الحديثية) عن الأحمسى به. والطبراني =","vol":"9","page":597},{"text":"٩٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ البَشيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: جِئتُ مُسَلِّمًا على عائشةَ وصَحِبتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ حَتَّى دَخَلَ في الطَّوافِ، فطافَ ثَلاثَةً رَمَلًا وأربَعَةً مَشيًا، ثُمَّ إنَّه صَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ إنَّه عادَ إلَى الحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّفا فقامَ على الشِّقِّ الَّذِى على الصَّفا فلَبَّى، فقُلتُ: إنِّي نُهيتُ عن التَّلبيَةِ. فقالَ: ولَكِنِّى آمُرُكَ بها، كانَتِ التَّلبيَةُ استِجابَةً استَجابَها إبراهيمُ. فلَمّا هَبَطَ إلَى الوادِي سَعَى، فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ وارحَمْ وأنتَ الأعَزُّ الأكرَمُ (^١). هذا أصَحُّ الرِّواياتِ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n٩٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ الحَرّانِيَّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ: رَبِّ اغفِرْ لِي وارحَمْ، واْنتَ - أو إنَّكَ - الأعَزُّ الأكرَمُ (^٢).\n_________\n= (١٠٠٣٦) من طريق المحاربي به، وفيه: يزيد بن الوليد. بدلًا من أبي معشر، ولم يذكر الأسود. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٤٨: فيه يزيد بن الوليد ولم أجد من ترجمه. كذا قال، وقد ذكره ابن حبان في الثقات ٧/ ٦٢٧، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٦٦، وابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٩٣.\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٣٩١)، والأزرقي في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١١٧، ١١٨ من طريق منصور بنحوه مطولًا. عندهما: موسى ﵇. بدلا من: إبراهيم ﵇. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٩٠)، وأبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٨٨٧) من طريق أبي وائل به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٤)، ويعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٢٣. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٩٥) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"9","page":598},{"text":"٩٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه قال: أخبرَنِي مَن رأى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - يَقومُ في حَوضٍ في أسفَلِ الصَّفا ولا يَظهَرُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ التاسعُ\nويتلوه الجزءُ العاشرُ\nوأولُه: بابُ جَوازِ السَّعىِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٨٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١١. وأخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٢٤١٦) من طريق سفيان به. وعند الشافعي: سفيان عن ابن جريج عن ابن أبي نجيج.","vol":"9","page":599},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2100>بابُ جَوازِ السَّعىِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ على غَيرِ طَهارَةٍ، وإِن كان الأفضَلُ أن يَكونَ على طَهارَةٍ</span>\n\n٩٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَبَّينا بالحَجِّ. وقَدِمْنا مَكَّةَ لأربَعٍ خَلَونَ مِن ذِي الحَجَّةِ، فأمَرَنا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - أن نَطوفَ بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ ونَجعَلَها عُمرَةً ونَحِلَّ، إلَّا مَن كان مَعَه الهَديُ، ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَ أحَدٍ مِنّا الهَدىُ غَيرَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وطَلحَةَ، وجاءَ عليٌّ مِنَ اليَمَنِ ومَعَه هَديٌ فقالَ: أهلَلتُ بما أهَلَّ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقُلنا: نَنطَلِقُ إلَى مِنًى وذَكَرُ أحَدِنا يَقطُرُ مَنيًّا؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما أهدَيتُ، ولَولا أن مَعِىَ الهَدىَ لأحلَلتُ\". قال: ولَقيَه سُراقَةُ فقالَ: يا رسوى اللَّهِ، ألَنا هذه خاصَّةً أم لِلأبَدِ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل لِلأبَدِ\"، وكانَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - قَدِمَت مَكَّةَ وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأمَرَ (^١) النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن تَنسُكَ المَناسِكَ كُلَّها غَيرَ ألا تَطوفَ بالبَيتِ ولا تُصَلِّىَ حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، فلَمّا نَزَلوا البَطحاءَ قالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتَنطَلِقونَ بحَجَّةٍ وعُمرَةٍ وأنطَلِقُ بحَجَّةٍ؟! فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ابنَ أبي بكرٍ أن يَنطَلِقَ مَعَها إلَى التَّنعيمِ، فاعتَمَرَت عُمرَةً في ذِى الحَجَّةِ بعدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فأمرها\".","vol":"10","page":5},{"text":"أيّامِ الحَجِّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عِندَ قَولِه: \"وأَهِلِّي بالحَجِّ\" -: \"ثُمَّ حُجِّي واصنَعِي ما يَصنَعُ الحاجُّ غَيرَ ألا تَطوفِي بالبَيتِ ولا تُصَلِّي\" (^٣).\n\n٩٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: أيُّما امرأةٍ طافَت بالبَيتِ ثُمَّ وجَّهَت لِتَطوفَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ فحاضَت، فلتَطُفْ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ وهِىَ حائضٌ، وكَذَلِكَ الَّذِى يُحدِثُ بعدَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ وقَبلَ أن يَسعَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2101>بابُ وُجوبِ الطَّوافِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وأنَّ غَيَره لا يَجزِى عَنه</span>\n\n٩٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٧٨، ٨٨٧٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٣٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٨٦)، وأحمد - كما في أطراف المسند (١٨٢٩). وسيأتي في (٩٤٩٧، ٩٤٩٨).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٦٥ - ١٤٥٦٩).","vol":"10","page":6},{"text":"أبيه قال: قُلتُ لِعائشَةَ وأنا يَومَئذٍ حَديثُ السِّنِّ: أرأيتِ قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٥٨]. فما أُرَى على أحَدٍ شَيئًا ألا يَطَّوَّفَ بهِما. قالَت عائشَةُ: كَلا لَو كانَت كما تَقولُ كانَت: فلا جُناحَ عَلَيه ألا يَطَّوَّفَ بهِما. إنَّما أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ في الأنصارِ وكانوا يُهِلّونَ لِمَناةَ (^١)، وكانَ مَناةُ حَذوَ قُدَيدٍ، وكانوا يَتَحَرَّجونَ أن يَطوفوا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فلَمّا جاءَ الإسلامُ سألوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآية (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\nقال البخاريُّ: زادَ أبو مُعاويَةَ عن هِشامٍ: ما أتَمَّ اللَّهُ حَجَّ امرِئٍ ولا عُمرَتَه لَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٣٢ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) مناة: صنم كان لهذيل وخزاعة بين مكة والمدينة، والهاء فيه للتأنيث، والوقف عليه بالتاء. النهاية ٤/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٧٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٩٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٠٩)، وابن حبان (٣٨٣٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٩٠).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (١٧٩٠).","vol":"10","page":7},{"text":"ابنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ هَنّادٌ: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قال: قُلتُ: إنِّي لأظُنُّ أن رَجُلًا لَو تَرَكَ الصَّفا والمَروَةَ لَم يَضُرَّه. قالَت: ولِمَ؟ قُلتُ: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾. قالَت: يا ابنَ أُختِى لَو كانَت كما تَقولُ لَكانَ: فلا جُناحَ عَلَيه ألا يَطَّوَّفَ بهِما. ما أتَمَّ اللَّهُ حَجَّ امرِئٍ ولا عُمرَتَه لَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، أتَدرِى فيم كان ذَلِكَ؟ كانَتِ الأنصَّارُ يُهِلّونَ في الجاهِليَّةِ لِصَنَمٍ على شاطِئ البحرِ، ثُمَّ يَجيئونَ فيَطوفونَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ فيَحلِقونَ، فلَمّا جاءَ الإسلامُ كَرِهوا أن يَطوفوا بَينَهُما لِلَّذِى كانوا يَصنَعونَ بَينَهُما في الجاهِليَّةِ، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾. فعادَ النّاسُ فطافوا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كَذا قال أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ: إنَّ الآيَةَ نَزَلَت في الَّذينَ كانوا يَطوفونَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ في الجاهِليَّةِ (^٢).\nوَرَواه أبو أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ مالكٍ في أنَّها نَزَلَت فيمَن لا يَطَّوَّفُ بَينَهُما، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ كِلاهُما صَحيحًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق بن راهويه (٦٩١). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٩٤٠) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧٧/ ٢٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٧٧/ ٢٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٦) من طريق أبي أسامة به.","vol":"10","page":8},{"text":"٩٤٣٣ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه قال: سألتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - فقُلتُ لها: أرأيتِ قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾. فقُلتُ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: واللَّهِ ما على أحَدٍ جُناحٌ ألا يَطَّوَّفَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: بئسَما قُلتَ يا ابنَ أُختِى، إنَّ هذه الآيَةَ لَو كانَت كما أوَّلتَها كانَت: فلا جُناحَ عَلَيه ألا يَطَّوَّفَ بهِما. ولَكِنَّها إنَّما أُنزِلَت في أن الأنصارَ كانوا قَبلَ أن يُسلِموا يُهِلّونَ لِمَناةَ الطّاغيَةِ التي كانوا يَعبُدونَ عِندَ المُشَلَّلِ (^١)، وكانَ مَن أهَلَّ لها يَتَحَرَّجُ أن يَطَّوَّفَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فلَمّا سألوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآيَة، قالَت عائشَةُ: ثُمَّ قَد سَنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الطَّوافَ بَينَهُما، فلَيسَ لأحَدٍ أن يَترُكَ الطَّوافَ بهِما (^٢).\n\n٩٤٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا حُجَينُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه وزادَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المشلل: موضع بقديد من ناحية البحر، وهو الجبل الذي يُهبط إليها منه. هدى السارى ص ١٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١١٢)، والبخاري (٤٨٦١)، ومسلم (١٢٧٧/ ٢٦٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٦) من طريق الزهري مطولا ومختصرًا.","vol":"10","page":9},{"text":"فأخبَرتُ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ بالَّذِى حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ مِن ذَلِكَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فقالَ أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: إنَّ هذا لَعِلمٌ وأمرٌ ما كُنتُ سَمِعتُه، ولَقَد سَمِعتُ رِجالًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يَقولونَ: إنَّ النّاسَ إلَّا مَن ذَكَرَت عائشَةُ مِمَّن كانوا يُهِلُّ (^١) لمناةَ كانوا يَطوفونَ كُلُّهُم بالصَّفا والمروَةِ، [فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنّاءُ كُنّا نَطوفُ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ] (^٢)، وإنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ ذَكَرَ الطَوافَ بالبَيتِ ولَم يَذكُرِ الطَّوافَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فهَل عَلَينا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ حَرَجٌ في أن نَطوفَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ؟ فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا﴾ قال أبو بكرٍ: فأسمَعُ هذه الآيَةَ قَد أُنزِلَت في الفَريقَينِ كِلاهُما، في الَّذينَ كانوا يَتَحَرَّجونَ في الجاهِليَّةِ أن يَطوفوا بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، والَّذين كانوا يَطوفونَ في الجاهِليَّةِ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ مَعَ الطَوافِ بالبَيتِ حينَ ذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤). وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ كَذَلِكَ (^٥). وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ كَذَلِكَ (^٦). ورِوايَةُ الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ توافِقُ رِوايَةَ مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م، والمهذب ٤/ ١٨٤٤: \"يهلون\".\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٩٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٠) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٧٧/ ٢٦٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٧٧/ ٢٦١).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٦٤٣).","vol":"10","page":10},{"text":"وغَيرِه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه (^١)، ورِوايَتُه عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ توافِقُ رِوايَةَ أبي مُعاويَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢)، ثُمَّ قَد حَمَلَه أبو بكرٍ على الأمرَينِ جَميعًا، وأنَّ الآيَةَ نَزَلَت في الفَريقَينِ مَعًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنَ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن الصَّفا والمَروَةَ كانَتا مِن شَعائرِ الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا كانَ الإسلامُ أمسَكنا عَنهُما، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىِّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبي مُعاويَةَ عن عاصِمٍ بمَعناه (^٤).\n\n٩٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ: أيُصيبُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امرأتِه قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ؟ فقالَ: أمّا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَد طافَ بالبَيتِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٤٣١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٤٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٩٦٦) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٨) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤٩٦)، ومسلم (١٢٧٨/ ٢٦٤).","vol":"10","page":11},{"text":"ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٢١]. أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجٌ وعَمرٌو النّاقِدُ وابنُ عَبّادٍ وابنُ المُقرِئِ وزيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرٍ سألناه عن رَجُلٍ طافَ بالبَيتِ ولَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ في عُمْرَةٍ، أيأتى امرأتَه؟ قال: لا. وسألوا ابنَ عُمَرَ عنه فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فطافَ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، وصَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، وطافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعًا، وقَد كان لَكُم في رسولِ اللَّهِ أُسوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو قال: سألنا ابنَ عُمَرَ عن رَجُلٍ قَدِمَ بعُمرَةٍ، فطافَ بالبَيتِ ولَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمروَةِ، أيأتِي امرأتَهُ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِهِم عن سُفيانَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n٩٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٩٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٤٧)، ومسلم (١٢٣٤/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٤١) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (٩٨٩١).\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٥٦٢٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٩٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٣٤/ ١٨٩)، والبخاري (١٦٢٣، ١٦٢٤، ١٦٤٥، ١٦٤٦).","vol":"10","page":12},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنِي مَعروفُ بنُ مُشكانَ، أخبرَنِي مَنصورُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه صَفيَّةَ، أخبَرَتنِى عن نِسوَةٍ مِن بَنِي عبدِ الدّارِ اللاتِي أدرَكنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قُلنَ: دَخَلنَ دارَ ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، فاطَّلَعنا مِن بابٍ مُقَطَّعٍ (^١)، ورأينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَشتَدُّ في المَسعَى، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ زُقاقَ بَنِي فُلانٍ - مَوضِعًا قَد سَمّاه مِنَ المَسعَى - استَقبَلَ النّاسَ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ اسعَوا فإِنَّ السَّعىَ قَد كُتِبَ عَلَيكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٩٤٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ العابِدِيُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣) بنِ مُحَيصِنٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ قالَت: أخبَرَتنِي بنتُ أبي تِجراةَ إحدَى نِساءِ بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ، قالَت: دَخَلتُ مَعَ نِسوَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ دارَ آلِ أبي حُسَينٍ نَنظُرُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَسعَى بَينَ الصَّفا والمروَةِ، فرأيتُه يَسعَى وإِنَّ مِئزَرَه لَيَدورُ مِن شِدَّةِ السَّعىِ حَتَّى لأقولُ: إنِّى لأرَى رُكبَتَيه، وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"اسعَوا فإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيكُمُ السَّعىَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مقطع: أي: قصير. ينظر التاج ٢٢/ ٤١، ٤٢ (ق ط ع).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٥. وأخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٢١٣٢) من طريق الحسن بن عيسى به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٤٥: معروف صدوق.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"عبد العزيز\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٧)، والمعرفة (٢٩٨١)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١٠، ٢١١، ومن طريقه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٢٢٦ (٥٧٣)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"10","page":13},{"text":"رَواه يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُعاذُ بنُ هانِئٍ عن ابنِ المُؤَمَّلِ إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُحَيصِنٍ. وقالا: عن حَبيبَةَ (^١) بنتِ أبي تِجْراةَ (^٢).\nوزَعَمَ الواقِدِيُّ عن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ العُمَرِيِّ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه، [عن بَرَّةَ] (^٣) بنتِ أبي تِجْراةَ (^٤). وقيلَ: عن صَفيَّةَ، عن تَملِكَ (^٥). وكأنَّها سَمِعَته مِنهُما، فقَد أخبَرَت في الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى أنَّها أخَذَته عن نِسوَةٍ.\n\n٩٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مَندَه، حدثنا يوسُفُ القَطّانُ، حدثنا مِهرانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن تَملِكَ قالَت: نَظَرتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأنا في غُرفَةٍ لِى بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وهو يقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّ اللَّهَ كتَبَ عَلَيكُمُ السَّعىَ فاسعَوا\" (^٦). تَفَرَّدَ به مِهرانُ بنُ أبي عُمَرَ (^٧) عن الثَّورِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"جدته\". وينظر أسد الغابة ٧/ ٥٩، والإصابة ١٣/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٥ من طريق يونس ومعاذ به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٦٧) عن يونس به. وابن سعد ٨/ ٢٤٧ عن معاذ به. وعندهما: عمر بن عبد الرحمن. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٣/ ٢٤٨: وفيه عبد الله بن المؤمل وثقه ابن حبان وقال: يخطئ. وضعفه غيره.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"عن بُسرة\"، وفي م: \"عن عزيزة\". وينظر الإصابة ١٣/ ١٩٩.\n(^٤) مغازي الواقدي ٣/ ١٠٩٩، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٥) هي تملك الشيبية من بنى عبد الدار ثم من بنى شيبة بن عثمان بن طلحة العبدري. أسد الغابة ٧/ ٤٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني ٦/ ٢٢٢ (٣٤٥٤)، والطبراني ٢٤/ ٢٠٦ (٥٢٩) من طريق يوسف القطان به. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٣/ ٢٤٧: وفيه المثنى بن الصباح، وقد وثقه ابن معين في رواية، وضعفه جماعة.\n(^٧) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤٢٩، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣٠١، وثقات ابن حبان =","vol":"10","page":14},{"text":"٩٤٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا بُدَيلُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أُمِّ ولَدٍ لِشَيبَةَ أنَّها قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن خَوخَةٍ (^١) وهو يَسعَى في بَطنِ المَسيلِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وهو يقولُ: \"لا يُقطَعُ الوادِى - أو: الأبطَحُ - إلَّا شَدًّا (^٢) \".\n\n٩٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يَحُجُّ مِن قَريبٍ ولا بَعيدٍ إلَّا أن يَطوفَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وأنَّ النِّساءَ لا يَحلِلنَ لِلرِّجالِ حَتَّى يَطُفنَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2102>بابُ بَدءِ السَّعىِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ</span>\n\n٩٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= ٩/ ٢٠٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٥٩٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٧٩: صدوق له أوهام، سيئ الحفظ.\n(^١) الخوخة: باب صغير كالنافذة الكبيرة، وتكون بين بيتين يُنصب عليها باب. النهاية ٢/ ٨٦.\n(^٢) أي: عَدْوًا. تاج العروس ٨/ ٢٤٠ (ش د د).\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٨١)، والنسائي (٢٩٨٠) من طريق حماد به، وفيه: عن \"امرأة\" بدلًا من: \"أم ولد لشيبة\". وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٧) من طريق بديل به. وليس عندهما: المغيرة بن حكيم. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٧٨٩).","vol":"10","page":15},{"text":"الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبي وداعَةَ وأيّوبَ، يَزيدُ أحَدُهُما على صاحِبِه، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أوَّلُ ما اتَّخَذَ النِّساءُ المِنطَقَ (^١) مِن قِبَلِ أُمِّ إسماعيلَ، اتَّخَذَت مِنطَقًا لِتُعفِىَ أثَرَها على سارَةَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ بها إبراهيمُ ﵇ وبابنِها إسماعيلَ ﵇ وهِىَ تُرضِعُه حَتَّى وضَعَها (^٢) عِندَ البَيتِ، ولَيسَ بمَكَّةَ يَومَئذٍ أحَدٌ ولَيسَ بها ماءٌ، فوَضَعَهُما هُنالِكَ ووَضَعَ عِندَهُما جِرابًا فيه تَمرٌ وسِقاءً فيه ماءٌ، ثُمَّ قَفَّى إبراهيمُ مُنطَلِقًا، فتَبِعَته أُمُّ إسماعيلَ وقالَت: يا إبراهيمُ أينَ تَذهَبُ وتَترُكُنا بهَذا الوادِى الَّذِي لَيسَ فيه أنيسٌ ولا شَئٌ؟ قالَت ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مِرارٍ (^٣) وجَعَلَ لا يَلتَفِتُ، فقالَت له: آللهُ أمَرَكَ بهَذا؟ قال: نَعَم. قالَت: إذن لا يُضَيِّعُنا. ثُمَّ رَجَعَت، وانطَلَقَ إبراهيمُ حَتَّى إذا كان عِندَ البَيتِ حَيثُ لا يَرَونَه استَقبَلَ بوَجهِه البَيتَ، ثُمَّ دَعا بهَذِه الدَّعَواتِ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه وقالَ: ﴿رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٣٧]. فجَعَلَت أُمُّ إسماعيلَ تُرضِعُ إسماعيلَ وتَشرَبُ مِن ذَلِكَ الماءِ حَتَّى إذا نَفِدَ ما في السِّقاءِ عَطِشَت وعَطِشَ ابنُها وجاعَ، وجَعَلَت تَنظُرُ إلَيه يَتَلَوَّى - أو قال: يَتَلَبَّطُ - فانطَلَقَت كَراهيَةَ أن تَنظُرَ إلَيه، فوَجَدَتِ الصَّفا أقرَبَ جَبَلٍ في الأرضِ يَليها\n_________\n(^١) المنطق: النِّطاق، وجمعه مَناطِقُ؛ وهو أن تلبس المرأة ثوبها ثم تشد وسطها بشيء وترفع وسط ثوبها وترسله على الأسفل عند معاناة الأشغال لئلا تعثر في ذيلها. النهاية ٥/ ٧٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"وضعهما\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مرات\".","vol":"10","page":16},{"text":"فقامَت عَلَيه، ثُمَّ استَقبَلَتِ الوادِىَ تَنظُرُ هَل تَرَى أحَدًا فلَم تَرَ أحَدًا، فهَبَطَت مِنَ الصَّفا حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَتِ الوادِىَ رَفَعَت طَرَفَ دِرعِها، ثم سَعَت سَعىَ الإنسانِ المَجهودِ حَتَّى جاوَزَتِ الوادِىَ، ثُمَّ أتَتِ المَروَةَ فقامَت عَلَيها، فنَظرَت هَل تَرَى أحَدًا فلَم تَرَ أحَدًا، ففَعَلَت ذَلِكَ سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ، قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فلِذَلِكَ سَعَى النّاسُ بَينَهُما\". فلَمّا أشرَفَت على المَروَةِ سَمِعَت صَوتًا فقالَت: صَهٍ - تُريدُ نَفسَها - ثُمَّ تَسَمَّعَت أيضًا فسَمِعَت، فقالَت: قَد أسمَعتَ إن كان عِندَكَ غَوَاثٌ (^١). فإِذا هِىَ بالمَلَكِ عِندَ مَوضِعِ زَمزَمَ يَبحَثُ بعَقِبِه - أو قال: بجَناحِه - حَتَّى ظَهَرَ الماءُ، فجَعَلَت تُحَوِّضُه (^٢)، وجَعَلَت تَغرِفُ مِنَ الماءِ في سِقائِها وهِىَ تَفورُ بقَدْرِ ما تَغرِفُ. قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ أُمَّ إسماعيلَ لَو تَرَكَت زَمزَمَ - أو قال: لَو لَم تَغرِفْ مِنَ الماءِ - لَكانَت زَمزَمُ عَينًا مَعينًا\". فشَرِبَت وأرضَعَت ولَدَها، وقالَ لها المَلَكُ: لا تَخافِي مِنَ الضَّيعَةِ، فإِنَّ ههنا بَيتَ اللَّهِ يَبنيه هذا الغُلامُ وأبوه، وإنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُضَيِّعُ أهلَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن حجر: غواث بفتح أوله للأكثر وتخفيف الواو وآخره مثلثة، قيل: وليس في الأصوات فعال بفتح أوله غيره. وحكى ابن الأثير ضم أوله، والمراد به على هذا المستغيث. وحكى ابن قرقول كسره أيضًا، والضم رواية أبي ذر، وجزاء الشرط محذوف تقديره: فأغثنى. فتح الباري ٦/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تحوطه\". وتحوضه: أي تجعل له حوضا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٩، ٢١٦.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٩١٠٧)، وعنه أحمد (٣٢٥٠) مقتصرًا على ذكر المرفوع. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٧٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٣٦٤).","vol":"10","page":17},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2103>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ شِدَّةَ السَّعىِ بَطنِ المَسيلِ ومَشَى</span>\n\n٩٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ جُمهانَ، أن رَجُلًا قال لابنِ عُمَرَ في السَّعىِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمروَةِ: أراكَ تَمشِى والناسُ يَسعَونَ؟ قال: إن أمشِي فقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمشِى، وإِن أسعَى فقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسعَى، وأنا شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2104>بابُ الطَّوافِ راكِبًا</span>\n\n٩٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طافَ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ على بَعيرٍ يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ بمِحجَنٍ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠١٣)، وأبو داود (١٩٠٤) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (٨٦٤)، والنسائي (٢٩٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٠) من طريق عطاء به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المحجن: عود معقف الرأس مع الراكب يحرك به دابته. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٩٢.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (١٨٧٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٧١٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"10","page":18},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ (^١).\n\n٩٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طافَ بالبَيتِ وهو على بَعيرٍ، كُلَّما أتَى على الرُّكنِ أشارَ إلَيه بشَئٍ في يَدِه وكَبَّرَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ (^٣).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ وزادَ فيه: ثُمَّ قَبَّلَه:\n\n٩٤٤٨ - أخبَرَناه هِلالُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَفّارُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وبزيادَتِه، ثُمَّ قال يَزيدُ: يُقَبِّلُ ذَلِكَ الشَّئَ الَّذِي في يَدِهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٤٩ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبي زيادٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وهو يَشتَكِي، فطافَ بالبَيتِ على راحِلَتِه، كُلَّما أتَى على الرُّكنِ استَلَمَه بمِحجَنٍ مَعَه، فلَمّا فرَغَ - يَعنِى مِن طَوافِه - أناخَ وصَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٠٧)، ومسلم (١٢٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٢) عن إسحاق بن شاهين به. وتقدم في (٩٣٦١). وخالد الأول هو ابن عبد الله الواسطي الطحان، والثاني هو ابن مهران الحذاء.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٣٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ص ٥٦ (٣ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"10","page":19},{"text":"رَكعَتَينِ. أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ، حدثنا عباسٌ النَّرسِيُّ وعَبدُ الأعلَى قالا: حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢). كَذا قال يَزيدُ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، وهَذِه زيادَةٌ يتفرَّد بها، واللهُ أعلَمُ. وقَد بَيَّنَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ وابنُ عباسٍ في رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه وعائشَةُ بنتُ الصِّدّيقِ المَعنَى (^٣).\nأمّا حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n٩٤٥٠ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. وأخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالبَيتِ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ على راحِلَتِه، يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ بمِحجَنِه لأن يَراه النّاسُ، وليُشرِفَ وليَسألوه، فإِنَّ الناسَ غَشُوه (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي بكرٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٤) من طريق يزيد بن أبي زياد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٨١).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤: \"طوافه راكبا\".\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٨٥) إلى قوله: بمحجنه.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٧٣/ ٢٥٤).","vol":"10","page":20},{"text":"٩٤٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ على راحِلَتِه بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ؛ ليَراه النّاسُ وليُشرِفَ وليَسألوه، فإِنَّ النّاسَ غَشُوه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٢).\nوأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٩٤٥٢ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: وأخبَرَنِي محمدُ بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: أرأيتَ هذا الرَّمَلَ بالبَيتِ ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ ومَشْىَ أربَعَةٍ، أسُنَّةٌ هو؟ فإِنَّ قَومَكَ يَزعُمونَ أنَّه سُنَّةٌ. قال: فقالَ: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قال: قُلتُ: ما قَولُكَ: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: إنَّ محمدًا وأصحابَه لا يَستَطيعونَ أن يَطوفوا بالبَيتِ مِنَ الهُزْلِ (^٣). قال: وكانوا يَحسُدونَه. قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٨) من طريق محمد بن بكر به. وأحمد (١٤٤١٥)، وعنه أبو داود (١٨٨٠)، والنسائي (٢٩٧٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧٣/ ٢٥٥).\n(^٣) قال النووي: \"هكذا هو في معظم النسخ: \"الهزل\" بضم الهاء وإسكان الزاى، وهكذا حكاه =","vol":"10","page":21},{"text":"فأمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَرمُلوا ثَلاثًا ويَمشوا أربَعًا. قال: قُلتُ: أخبِرنِي عن الطَّوافِ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ راكِبًا، أسُنَّةٌ هو؟ فإِنَّ قَومَكَ يَزعُمونَ أنَّه سُنَّةٌ. قال: صدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قال: قُلتُ: ما قَولُكَ: صدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَثُرَ عَلَيه النّاسُ يَقولونَ: هذا محمدٌ، حَتَّى خَرَجْنَ العَواتِقُ مِنَ البُيوتِ. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يُضرَبُ النّاسُ بَينَ يَدَيه. قال: فلَمّا كَثُرَ عَلَيه رَكِبَ، والمَشيُ والسَّعيُ أفضَلُ (^١). لَفظُ عِمرانَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي عاصِمٍ الغَنَوِيِّ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: يَزعُمُ قَومُكَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد طافَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ على بَعيرِه وأنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ! قال: صدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قُلتُ: ما (^٣) صدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: صَدَقوا قَد طافَ على بَعيرِه، وكَذَبوا لَيسَ بسُنَّةٍ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يُدفَعُ عنه النّاسُ ولا يُصرَفونَ، فطافَ على بَعيرِه ليَسمَعوا كَلامَه ويَرَوا\n_________\n= القاضى في \"المشارق\" وصاحب \"المطالع\" عن رواية بعضهم قالا: وهو وهم، والصواب: \"الهزال\" بضم الهاء وزيادة الألف. قلت: وللأول وجه، وهو أن يكون بفتح الهاء؛ لأن الهزل بالفتح مصدر هزلته هزلا كضربته ضربا. وتقديره: لا يستطيعون يطوفون لأن الله تعالى هزلهم. والله أعلم\". صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ٩/ ١١، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٦٨.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٨٤٥) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وتقدم في (٩٥٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٦٤/ ٢٣٧).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"قولك\".","vol":"10","page":22},{"text":"مَكانَه ولا تَنالُه أيديهِم (^١).\nوأمّا حَديثُ عائشةَ:\n\n٩٤٥٤ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: طافَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ حَولَ الكَعبَةِ على بَعيرٍ يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ كَراهيَةَ أن يُصرَفَ عنه النّاسُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَكَمِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n٩٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ قال: أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا مَعروفٌ يَعنِي ابنَ خَرَّبوذَ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَطوفُ حَولَ البَيتِ على بَعيرٍ يَستَلِمُ الحَجَرَ بمِحْجَنِهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٥٦ - ورَواه أبو عاصِمٍ عن مَعروفٍ وزادَ فيه: ثُمَّ يُقَبِّلُه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فطافَ سَبعًا على راحِلَتِه. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٧)، وأبو داود (١٨٨٥) من طريق حماد به. وسيأتي في (٩٧٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٢٨) من طريق شعيب به. دون ذكر علة الطواف راكبًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٧٤/ ٢٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٩) من طريق معروف به، وزاد ابن ماجه: ويقبل المحجن. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٣٦).","vol":"10","page":23},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الطَّيالِسِيِّ عن مَعروفٍ دونَ ذِكرِ البَعيرِ، ولَم يَذكُرْ أيضًا هذه الزّيادَةَ التي تَفَرَّدَ بها ابنُ رافِعٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٢). وقَد رَواه هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبي عاصِمٍ دونَ هذه الزّيادَةِ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٥٧ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ مُلَيكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الطُّفَيلٍ يقولُ: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ على راحِلَتِه يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ (^٤) بمِحجَنِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَكيمٍ، حدثنا جَدِّي يَزيدُ بنُ مُلَيكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أمّا سُبْعُه (^٦) الَّذِي طافَ لمقدَمِه فعَلَى قَدَمَيه؛ لأنَّ جابِرًا المَحكِيُّ عنه فيه أنَّه رَمَلَ ثَلاثَةَ أشواطٍ ومَشَى أربَعَةً، فلا يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ جابِرٌ يَحكِي عنه الطَّوافَ ماشيًا وراكِبًا في سُبُعٍ (^٧) واحِدٍ، وقَد حَفِظَ أن سُبعَه (^٨) الَّذِى رَكِبَ فيه في طَوافِه يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٩). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٧٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧٥/ ٢٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٧٩) عن هارون بن عبد الله به.\n(^٤) في س: \"الحجر\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٢) من طريق يزيد بن مليك به. وزاد: ويقبل طرف المحجن.\n(^٦) في س: \"سعيه\".\n(^٧) في الأم: \"ربع\".\n(^٨) في الأم: \"سعيه\".\n(^٩) الأم ٢/ ١٧٤.","vol":"10","page":24},{"text":"المُرسَلَ الَّذِى:\n\n٩٤٥٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أصحابَه أن يُهَجِّروا بالإِفاضَةِ، وأفاضَ في نِسائِه لَيلًا على راحِلَتِه يَستَلِمُ الرُّكنَ بمِحجَنِه. أحسِبُه قال: ويُقَبِّلُ طَرَفَ المِحجَنِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والَّذِي روَى عنه أنَّه طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ راكِبًا، فإِنَّما أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ في سَعيِه بعدَ طَوافِ القُدومِ، فأمّا بعدَ طَوافِ الإفاضَةِ فلَم يُحفَظْ عنه أنَّه طافَ بَينَهُما، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n٩٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى وجَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ قالا: أخبرَنا أيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمّارٍ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسعَى بالصَّفا والمروَةِ على بَعيرٍ، لا ضَرْبَ ولا طَرْدَ ولا: إلَيكَ إلَيكَ (^٢). كَذا قالا، ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن أيمَنَ فقالوا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٨٩).\n(^٢) إليك إليك: هو كما يقال: الطريقَ الطريقَ، ويُفعل بين يدى الأمراء، ومعناه: تَنَحَّ وابْعُد. وتكريره للتأكيد. النهاية ١/ ٦٤.\nوالحديث أخرجه البغوي في الأنوار في شمائل النبي المختار (٧٢٦) من طريق أبي بكر ابن الحسن به.","vol":"10","page":25},{"text":"في الحَديثِ: يَرمِي الجَمرَةَ يَومَ النَّحرِ (^١). ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونا صَحيحَينِ.\n\n٩٤٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ قالَت: لما اطمأنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ طافَ على بَعيرِه يَستَلِمُ الحَجَرَ بمِحجَنٍ في يَدِه، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ فوَجَدَ فيها حَمامَةَ عَيْدانٍ (^٢) فاكتَسَرَها، ثُمَّ قامَ بها على بابِ الكَعبَةِ وأنا أنظُرُ فرَمَى بها (^٣).\n\n٩٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: شَكَوتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنِّي أشتَكِي، فقالَ: \"طوفِي مِن وراءِ النّاسِ وأَنتِ راكِبَةٌ\". قالَت: فطُفتُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَئذٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (٩٦٣٤).\n(^٢) قال السندي: حمامة عيدان بالإضافة وفتح عين عيدان، والمراد بالحمامة: صورة كصورة الحمامة، وكانت من عيدان وهى الطويل من النخل، الواحدة عيدانة. حاشية السندي على ابن ماجه ٦/ ٣٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٧٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٧) من طريق يونس بن بكير به، وعند أبي داود مقتصرًا على استلام الحجر، ووقع عند المصنف في الدلائل: ابن أبي توبة. بدل: ابن أبي ثور. وهو خطأ. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٦٨.","vol":"10","page":26},{"text":"يُصَلِّي إلَى جَنبِ البَيتِ وهو يَقرأُ: ﴿وَالطُّورِ (١) وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ﴾ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2105>بابُ ما يَفعَلُ المُعتَمِرُ بعدَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ</span>\n\n٩٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: فلَمّا كان آخِرُ الطَّوافِ على المَروَةِ قال: \"إنِّي لَوِ استَقبَلتُ مِن أمرِي ما استَدبَرتُ لَم أسُقِ الهَدىَ وجَعَلتُها عُمرَةً، فمَن كان مِنكُم لَيسَ مَعَه هَدىٌ فليَحلِلْ وليَجعَلْها عُمرَةً\". فحَلَّ النّاسُ كُلُّهُم وقَصَّروا إلَّا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ومَن كان مَعَه هَديٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنا كُرَيبٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٣٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٣٣)، ومسلم (١٢٧٦/ ٢٥٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٤) دون ذكر أبي عمرو، وفى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣ - ٤٣٨، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":27},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ قال: انطَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَدِمَ مَكَّةَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: وأمَرَ أصحابَه أن يَطُوفوا بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ يُقَصِّروا مِن رُءوسِهِم ويَحِلّوا، وذَلِكَ لِمَن لَم يَكُنْ مَعَه بَدَنَةٌ قَد قَلَّدَها (^١)، ومَن كان مَعَه امرأتُه فهِىَ له حَلالٌ، والطّيبُ والثيابُ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ، القاضِي على شَكٍّ فيه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال في مَتنِه: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ، فأمَر أصحابَه أن يَطوفوا بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، ثُمَّ يَحِلّوا ويَحلِقوا أو يُقَصِّروا. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ في أحَدِ المَوضِعَينِ باللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ، وفِي المَوضِعِ الآخَرِ باللَّفظِ الثّانِي (^٣).\n\n٩٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٤) عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِي الكوفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبي أوفَى قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ اعتَمَرَ، فطافَ وطُفنا مَعَه وصَلَّى وصَلَّينا مَعَه، وسَعَى بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وكُنّا نَستُرُه مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ، لا يُصيبُه شَيءٌ (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) تقليد الهدى: أن يُعلَّقَ في عنقه نعل أو جلدة أو شبه ذلك علامة له. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٠٢١). وقوله: والطيب والثياب: يعني حلال، حذف الخبر لدلالة ما قبله عليه.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٤٥، ١٧٣١).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥٦٦.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٩٠) من طريق يعلى به. وأبو داود (١٩٠٢)، والنسائي =","vol":"10","page":28},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن يَعلَى (^١).\n\n٩٤٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ المُنتَصِرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبي أوفَى يقولُ: اعتَمرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فطافَ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ عِندَ المَقامِ، ثُمَّ أتَى الصَّفا والمَروَةَ فسَعَى بَينَهُما سَبعًا، ثُمَّ حَلَقَ رأسَه (^٢).\n\n٩٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن مُعاويَةَ أخبَرَه قال: قَصَّرتُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمِشْقَصٍ (^٣) على المروَةِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ على هذا المَعنَى لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ العُمرَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n= في الكبرى (٤٢٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٥)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٣) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^١) البخاري (٤١٨٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٠٣).\n(^٣) المشقص: نصل السهم الطويل غير العريض. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٩٥)، وأبو داود (١٨٠٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. والنسائي (٢٩٨٨) من طريق طاوس به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٥١: هذا كان يوم عمرة الجعرانة؛ لأن يوم عمرة القضية لم يكن معاوية آمن بعد.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٣٠)، ومسلم (١٢٤٦/ ٢١٠).","vol":"10","page":29},{"text":"٩٤٦٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي حَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ - ﵁ - قال: قَصَّرنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في عُمرَتِه على المَروَةِ بمِشْقَصٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قال محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ.\n\n٩٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَنحَرُ بمَكَّةَ عِندَ المَروَةِ، ويَنحَرُ بمِنًى عِندَ المَنحَرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2106>بابُ اختيارِ الحَلقِ على التقصيرِ</span>\n\n٩٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، أن نافِعًا أخبَرَهُم. وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٧٠) عن روح به دون ذكر العمرة. وأبو داود (١٨٠٢)، والنسائي (٢٩٨٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) ينظر ما سيأتي في (١٠٣٢٧ - ١٠٣٢٩).","vol":"10","page":30},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمِ المُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: والمُقَصِّرينَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمِ المُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: والمُقَصِّرينَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٤٧١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: حَلَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وحَلَقَ طائفَةٌ مِن أصحابِه وقَصَّرَ بَعضُهُم. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رَحِمَ اللَّهُ المُحَلِّقينَ\". مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ ثُمَّ قال: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤). وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وقالَ في الرّابِعَةِ: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^٥). وبِمَعناه رَواه أبو هريرةَ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه، وفِي رِوايَةٍ: قال في الثّالِثَةِ:\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٠٠)، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٥٠٧، ٦٢٣٤)، وأبو داود (١٩٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٢٧)، ومسلم (١٣٠١/ ٣١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٠٥)، والترمذي (٩١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٠١/ ٣١٦).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (١٧٢٧)، ومسلم (١٣٠١/ ٣١٨، ٣١٩).","vol":"10","page":31},{"text":"\"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^١).\n\n٩٤٧٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن جَدَّتِه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَعا لِلمُحَلِّقينَ ثَلاثًا ولِلمُقَصِّرينَ مَرَّةً (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي داودَ وزادَ: في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وجَدَّتُه هِىَ أُمُّ حُصَينٍ الأحمَسيَّةُ.\n\n٩٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن أبي عليٍّ الأزدِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ لِلحالِقِ: ابلُغِ العَظمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2107>بابُ البِدايَةِ بالشِّقِّ الأيمَنِ</span>\n\n٩٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٥٨)، والبخاري (١٧٢٨)، ومسلم (١٣٠٢/ ٣٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٤٣) من حديث أبي هريرة.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٧٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٤٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٠٣/ ٣٢١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٩٥)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٥٠، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٧٤ (٩٣٨).","vol":"10","page":32},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أتَى مِنًى فأتَى الجَمرَةَ فرَماها، ثُمَّ أتَى مَنزِلَه بمِنًى ونَحَرَ، ثُمَّ قال: لِلحَلاقِ: \"خُذْ\". وأشارَ إلَى جانِبِه الأيمَنِ ثُمَّ الأيسَرِ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُعطيه النّاسَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: أخبرَنِي حَجّامٌ أنَّه قَصَّرَ ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ: ابدأْ بالشِّقِّ الأيمَنِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2108>بابُ الأصلَعِ أوِ المَحلوقِ يُمِرُّ الموسَى على رأسِهِ</span>\nقالَه مَسروقٌ وسَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ وعَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٤٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إهابٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى الجارِيُّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٢٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٠٥/ ٣٢٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٩٦)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٧٤ (٩٣٩ - شفاء العي). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٧١) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٨٢ - ١٣٧٨٥).","vol":"10","page":33},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ في الأصلَعِ: يُمِرُّ الموسَى على رأسِهِ (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ العُمَرِيِّ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ كَذَلِكَ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2109>بابُ مَن أحَبَّ أن يأخُذَ مِن شَعَرِ لِحيَتِه وشارِبِه ليَضَعَ مِن شَعَرِه شَيئًا للهِ ﷿</span>\n\n٩٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا حَلَقَ في حَجٍّ أو عُمْرَةٍ أخَذَ مِن لِحيَتِه وشارِبِهِ (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن نافِعٍ زادَ فيه: وأظفارِهِ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أرأيتَ إن لَم يأخُذْ؟ قال: إنَّما قال اللَّهُ: ﴿مُحَلِّقِينَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٧].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2110>بابٌ: لَيسَ على النِّساءِ حَلْقٌ ولَكِن يُقَصِّرْنَ</span>\n\n٩٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جُبَيرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ شَيبَةَ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنْتِ شَيبَةَ بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُمِّ عثمانَ بنتِ أبي سُفيانَ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمري به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٩٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٥٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٦.","vol":"10","page":34},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على النِّساءِ حَلْقٌ، إنَّما على النِّساءِ التَّقصيرُ\" (^١).\n\n٩٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَتَكِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: بَلَغَنِي عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ بن عثمانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٩٤٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ عَطاءٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أُمِّ عثمانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على النِّساءِ حَلْقٌ، إنَّما على النِّساءِ التَّقصيرُ\" (^٣)، ابنُ عَطاءٍ هو يَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ.\n\n٩٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ ينُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يونُسَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يونُسَ الحَفَرِيُّ، حدثنا هُرَيمٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في المُحرِمَةِ: تأخُذُ مِن شَعَرِها مِثلَ السَّبّابَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٩٤٦) عن على بن عبد الله به. وأبو داود (١٩٨٥) من طريق هشام بن يوسف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٨٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٨٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٣٠١٨)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧١ من طريق أبي بكر ابن عياش به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٥٣: فيه لين.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧١. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٣/ ٩٦: وليث هذا الظاهر أنه ليث بن أبي سليم، وهو ضعيف.","vol":"10","page":35},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كُنّا نَحُجُّ ونَعتَمِرُ فما نَزيدُ على أن نَطرِفَ قَدرَ إصبَعٍ. ويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: تأخُذُ مِن عَفوِ رأسِها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2111>بابٌ: لا يَقطَعُ المُعتَمِرُ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى يَفتَتِحَ الطَّوافَ</span>\n\n٩٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يُلَبِّي في العُمرَةِ حَتَّى يَستَلِمَ الحَجَرَ ثُمَّ يَقطَعُ. قالَ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُلَبِّي في العُمرَةِ حَتَّى إذا رأى بُيوتَ مَكَّةَ تَرَكَ التَّلبيَةَ وأقبَلَ على التَّكبيرِ والذِّكرِ حَتَّى يَستَلِمَ الحَجَرَ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ هو ابنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ قال: سُئلَ عَطاءٌ: مَتَى يَقطَعُ المُعتَمِرُ التَّلبيَةَ؟ فقالَ: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: إذا دَخَل الحَرَمَ. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: حَتَّى يَمسَحَ الحَجَرَ. قُلتُ: يا أبا محمدٍ أيُّهُما أحَبُّ إلَيك؟ قال: قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٠٥٣)، بلفظ: تأخذن من جوانبها.\nوالعفو: الفضل. والمراد: فضل الشعر. ينظر التاج ٣٩/ ٦٩ (ع ف و).\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٧٠، والطبراني في الأوسط (٦٩٧٨) من طريق مجاهد عن ابن عباس به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٥٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٨٣) من طريق عبد الملك به، وليس فيه قوله: يا أبا محمد. . .","vol":"10","page":36},{"text":"٩٤٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يُلَبِّي المُعتَمِرُ حَتَّى يَفتَتِحَ الطَّوافَ مُستَلِمًا أو غَيرَ مُستَلِمٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وهَمّامٌ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n٩٤٨٥ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ فرَفَعَه. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ والحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يُلَبِّي في العُمرَةِ حَتَّى يَستَلِمَ الحَجَرَ، وفِي الحَجِّ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ الجَمرَةَ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، قال الشّافِعِيُّ: رَوَى ابنُ أبي لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَبَّى في عُمْرَةٍ حَتَّى استَلَمَ الرُّكنَ، ولَكِنّا هِبنا رِوايَتَه لأنّا وجَدنا حُفّاظَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٩٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٨١٧) عن همام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨١٧)، والترمذي (٩١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٩٧) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٩٧).","vol":"10","page":37},{"text":"المَكّيّينَ يَقِفونَه على ابنِ عباسٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: رَفعُه خَطأٌ، وكانَ ابنُ أبي لَيلَى هذا كَثيرَ الوَهْمِ وخاصَّةً إذا رَوَى عن عَطاءٍ فيُخطِئُ كَثيرًا، ضَعَّفَه أهلُ النَّقلِ مَعَ كِبَرِ مَحِلِّه في الفِقهِ (^٢). وقَد رُوِىَ عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ عن عَطاءٍ مَرفوعًا. وإِسنادُه أضعَفُ مِمّا ذَكَرنا.\n\n٩٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ هو ابنُ غِياثٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: اعتَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَ عُمَرٍ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَقطَعُ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى يَستَلِمَ الحَجَرَ (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن الحَجّاجِ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا. والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن أبي بكرَةَ مَرفوعًا أنَّه خَرَجَ مَعَه في بَعضِ عُمَرِه، فما قَطَعَ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ. وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n٩٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٢٩٩٩).\n(^٢) هو محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى، تقدم في (٨٧).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٨٥، ٦٦٨٦) من طريق حجاج بن أرطاة به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٢). وقد أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٨٣) من طريق حجاج موقوفا.","vol":"10","page":38},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مالكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ مَرّارِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن جَدِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ في بَعضِ عُمَرِه وخَرَجتُ مَعَه، فما قَطَعَ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى استَلَمَ الحَجَرَ (^١). هذا إسنادٌ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2112>بابٌ: المُفردُ والقارِنُ يَكفيهِما طَوافٌ واحِدٌ وسَعيٌ واحِدٌ بعدَ عَرَفَةَ، فإِن كانا قَد سَعَيا بعدَ طَوافِ القُدومِ اقتَصَرا على الطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ بعدَ عَرَفَةَ وتَحَلَّلا</span>\n\n٩٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فأهلَلنا بعُمرَةٍ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان مَعَه هَدىٌ فليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ، ثُمَّ لا يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\". قالَت: فقَدِمتُ وأنا حائضٌ فلَم أطُفْ بالبَيتِ ولا بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فشَكَوتُ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"انقُضِي رأسَكِ وامتَشِطِى وأَهِلِّي بالحَجِّ ودَعِي العُمرَةَ\". قالَت: ففَعَلتُ فلَمّا قَضَينا الحَجَّ أرسَلَنِى مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ إلَى التَّنعيمِ فاعتَمَرتُ، فقالَ: \"هذه مَكانَ عُمرَتِكِ\". قالَت: فطافَ الَّذينَ كانوا أهَلّوا بالعُمرَةِ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ثُمَّ حَلّوا ثُمَّ طافوا طَوافًا آخَرَ بعدَ ما رَجَعوا مِن مِنًى لِحَجِّهِم، وأمّا\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٤٨٧. وأخرجه البزار (٣٦٣٢) عن عمرو بن مالك به.","vol":"10","page":39},{"text":"الَّذينَ كانوا جَمَعوا بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ فإِنَّما طافوا طَوافًا واحِدًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\nورَواه الشّافِعِيُّ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ كَذَلِكَ وزادا: وأمّا الَّذينَ أهَلّوا بالحَجِّ أو جَمَعوا الحَجِّ والعُمرَةَ، فإِنَّما طافوا طَوافًا واحِدًا. أمّا حَديثُ الشّافِعِيِّ ففِي رِوايَةِ المُزَنِيِّ عَنه (^٥).\n\n٩٤٩١ - وأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ فأخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٨١٦، ٨٨٤٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣٩٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨١٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٥٦)، ومسلم (١٢١١).\n(^٥) السنن المأثورة (٤٧٤).\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٢). ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ١٧ ظ، ١٨ و- مخطوط).","vol":"10","page":40},{"text":"وإِنَّما أرادَت عائشَةُ بقَولِها فيهِم: إنَّهُم إنَّما طافوا طَوافًا واحِدًا. السَّعىَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في رِوايَةِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيِّ.\n\n٩٤٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: لَم يَطُفِ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ولا أصحابُه بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ إلَّا طَوافًا واحِدًا؛ طَوافَه الأوَّلَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بكرٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\nوهَذا لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان مُفرِدًا فيما نَعلَمُ، وبَعضُ أصحابِه كانوا قارِنِينَ فاقتَصَروا على سَعىٍ واحِدٍ، وأمّا عائشَةُ - ﵂ - فكانَت قارِنَةً بإِدخالِ الحَجِّ على العُمرَةِ ولَم تَطُفْ بالبَيتِ ولا بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ قَبلَ عَرَفَةَ، فطافَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما:\n\n٩٤٩٣ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إبراهيمَ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها حاضَت\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٥٣)، والمعرفة (٣٠٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤١٤)، وأبو داود (١٨٩٥)، والنسائي (٢٩٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨١٩، ٣٩١٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٥).","vol":"10","page":41},{"text":"بسَرِفَ وطَهَرَت بعَرَفَةَ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَجزيكِ طَوافٌ واحِدٌ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ لِحَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُلوانِيِّ عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِعائشَةَ: \"طَوافُكِ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ يَكفيكِ لِحَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٤٩٥ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ورُبَّما قال سفيانُ: عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، ورُبَّما قال: عن عَطاءٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِعائشَةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: رَواه ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ مَوصولًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٤)، والمعرفة (٣٠٠٦)، والفاكهي في الفوائد (١٤٥). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٣١٦٢) عن ابن أبي مسرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٣٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٠٤)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٤. وأخرجه ابن البخاري في مشيخته (٣٧٢/ ٨١٩) من طريق أبي العباس الأصم به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٢ من طريق مسلم بن خالد به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٠٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٣٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٨٩٧) عن الربيع بن سليمان به.\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (٩٨٩٧).","vol":"10","page":42},{"text":"٩٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالوا: حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها أهَلَّت بعُمرَةٍ فجاءَت ولَم تَطُفْ بالبَيتِ حَتَّى حاضَت، فنَسَكَتِ المَناسِكَ كُلَّها وقَد أهَلَّت بالحَجِّ، فقالَ لها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يَسَعُكِ طَوافُكِ لِحَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ\". فأبَت فبَعَثَ بها مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ إلَى التَّنعيمِ فاعتَمَرَت بعدَ الحَجِّ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمَ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على عائشةَ وهِىَ تَبكِي فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ تَبكينَ؟ \". قالَت: أبكِي أن النّاسَ حَلّوا ولَم أحلِلْ، وطافوا بالبَيتِ ولَم أطُفْ، وهَذا الحَجُّ قَد حَضَرَ. قال: \"إنَّ هذا أمرٌ كَتَبَه اللَّهُ على بَناتِ آدَمَ، فاغتَسِلِي وأَهِلِّي بالحَجِّ ثُمَّ حُجِّي\". قالَت: ففَعَلتُ ذَلِكَ فلَمّا طَهَرتُ قال: \"طوفِي بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ثُمَّ قَد حَلَلتِ مِن حَجِّكِ وعُمَرَتِكِ\". فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣٢) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٣٢).","vol":"10","page":43},{"text":"إنِّي أجِدُ في نَفسِي مِن عُمرَتِي أنِّي لَم أكُنْ طُفتُ حَتَّى حَجَجتُ. فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ بها يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فأَعمِرْها مِنَ التَّنعيمِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٤٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ إملاءً مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أهَلَّت بعُمرَةٍ، فلَمّا كانَت بسَرِفَ حاضَت، فاشتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما أنتِ مِن بَناتِ آدَمَ يُصيبُكِ ما أصابَهُم\". فلَمّا قَدِمَتِ البَطحاءَ أمَرَها نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأهَلَّت بالحَجِّ، فلَمّا قَضَت نُسُكَها وجاءَت إلَى الحَصباءِ أرادَت أن تَعتَمِرَ، فقالَ لها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكِ قَد قَضَيتِ حَجَّكِ وعُمرَتَكِ\". وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا سَهلًا؛ إذا هَويَتِ الشَّئَ تابَعَها. قال مَطَرٌ: قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ: وكانَت عائشَةُ إذا حَجَّت صَنَعَت كما صَنَعَت. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ مالكِ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٣).\n\n٩٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٢٢) عن محمد بن بكر به. وتقدم الحديث في (٨٧٩٦، ٨٨١٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٧) - وعنه أبو عوانة (٣١٧٢).","vol":"10","page":44},{"text":"حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أرادَ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحَجَّ حينَ نَزَلَ الحَجّاجُ بابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فكَلَّمَه ابناه سالِمٌ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ فقالا: لا يَضُرُّكَ ألا تَحُجَّ العامَ؛ إنّا نَخافُ أن يَكونَ بَينَ النّاسِ قِتالٌ فيُحالَ بَينَكَ وبَينَ البَيتِ. قال: إن حيلَ بَينِي وبَينَ البَيتِ فعَلتُ كما فعَلنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ حالَت كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ فحَلَقَ ورَجَعَ، وإِنِّي أُشهِدُكُم أنِّي قَد أوجَبتُ عُمرَةً. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى الشَّجَرَةِ فلَبَّى بعُمرَةٍ حَتَّى إذا أشرَفَ بظَهرِ البَيداءِ قال: ما أمرُهُما إلَّا واحِدٌ، إن حيلَ بَينِي وبَينَ العُمرَةِ حيلَ بَينِي وبَينَ الحَجِّ، اشْهَدُوا (^١) أنِّي قَد أوجَبتُ حَجَّةً مَعَ عُمرَتِي. قال: ولَيسَ مَعَه يَومَئذٍ هَديٌ، فسارَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ قُدَيدًا ابتاعَ بها هَديًا فقَلَّدَه وأشعَرَه وساقَه مَعَه، حَتَّى إذا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ طافَ لَهُما طَوافًا واحِدًا بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وكانَ يقولُ: مَن جَمَعَ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ كَفاه طَوافٌ واحِدٌ، ولَم يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأَسْفاطِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى وأحمَدُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أشهدكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٦٨) عن ابن نمير به. والبخاري (٤١٨٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٣٣) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٣٠/ ١٨١).","vol":"10","page":45},{"text":"ابنُ أبي بكرٍ المَدَنِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن جَمَعَ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ طافَ لَهُما طَوافًا واحِدًا وسَعَى لَهُما سَعيًا واحِدًا\". زادا في رِوايَتِهِما: \"ولَم يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا\" (^١).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ في الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٢). وقيلَ في مَعناه: دَخَلَت في أجزاءِ أفعالِ الحَجِّ فاتَّحَدَتا في العَمَلِ؛ فلا يَطوفُ القارِنُ أكثَرَ مِن طَوافٍ واحِدٍ لَهُما وكَذَلِكَ السَّعىُ، كما لا يُحرِمُ لَهُما إلَّا إحرامًا واحِدًا. ورَوَى الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ عن رَجُلٍ أظُنُّه إبراهيمَ بنَ محمدٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال في القارِنِ: يَطوفُ طَوافَينِ ويَسعَى سَعيًا.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وهَذا على مَعنَى قَولِنا؛ يَعنِى يَطوفُ حينَ يَقدَمُ بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ ثُمَّ يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ لِلزّيارَةِ. وقالَ بَعضُ النّاسِ: عَلَيه طَوافانِ وسَعيانِ. واحتَجَّ فيه برِوايَةٍ ضَعيفَةٍ عن عليٍّ، وجَعفَرٌ يَروِى عن عليٍّ قَولَنا، وقَد رُوِّيناه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أصَحُّ ما روِىَ في الطَّوافَينِ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩١٥) من طريق أحمد بن أبي بكر به. وأحمد (٥٣٥٠)، والترمذي (٩٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٧٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٤٥) من طريق الدراوردي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٧٥٦).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٠١٣).","vol":"10","page":46},{"text":"٩٥٠١ - ما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زُنبورٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عِياضٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ أو مَنصورٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبي نَصرٍ قال: لَقِيتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - وقَد أهلَلتُ بالحَجِّ وأهَلَّ هو بالحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ فقُلتُ: هَل أستَطيعُ أن أفعَلَ كما فعَلتَ؟ قال: ذَلِكَ لَو كُنتَ بَدأتَ بالعُمرَةِ. قُلتُ: كَيفَ أفعَلُ إذا أرَدتُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: تأخُذُ إداوَةً مِن ماءٍ فتُفيضُها عَلَيكَ ثُمَّ تُهِلُّ بهِما جَميعًا ثُمَّ تَطوفُ لَهُما طَوافَينِ وتَسعَى لَهُما سَعيَينِ ولا يَحِلُّ لَكَ حَرامٌ دونَ يَومِ النَّحرِ. قال مَنصورٌ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِمُجاهِدٍ قال: ما كُنّا نُفتِي إلَّا بطَوافٍ واحِدٍ، فأمّا الآنَ فلا نَفعَلُ (^١). كَذا رُوِىَ عن فُضَيلٍ عن مَنصورٍ.\nورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن مَنصورٍ فلَم يَذكُرْ فيه السَّعيَ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ شُعبَةُ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٣)، وأبو نَصرٍ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٤)، فإِن صَحَّ فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به طَوافَ القُدومِ وطَوافَ الزّيارَةِ وأرادَ سَعيًا واحِدًا على ما رَواه الثَّورِيُّ وصاحِباه، فلا يَكونُ لِرِوايَةِ جَعفَرٍ مُخالِفًا، وقَد رُوِىَ بأسانيدَ ضِعافٍ عن عليٍّ مَوقوفًا ومَرفوعًا قَد ذَكَرتُه في \"الخِلافيّاتِ\"، ومَدارُ ذَلِكَ على الحَسَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٨٨٢٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجهما في (٨٨١٩، ٨٨٢٠).\n(^٤) هو أبو نصر ابن عمرو. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٧٦، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٤٤٨.","vol":"10","page":47},{"text":"عُمارَةَ (^١) وحَفصِ بنِ أبي داودَ (^٢)، وعيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣)، وحَمّادِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤)، وكُلُّهُم ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بشَئٍ مِمّا رَوَوه مِن ذَلِكَ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2113>بابُ المُفرِدِ يُقيمُ على إحرامِه حَتَّى يَتَحَلَّلَ مِنه يَومَ النَّحرِ وكَذَلِكَ القارِنُ</span>\n\n٩٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فمِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ، ومِنّا مَن\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٣٣٥٦).\n(^٣) هو عيسى بن عبد الله بن محمد بن عمر بن على، يقال له: مبارك. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٨٠، والثقات ٨/ ٤٩٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢١، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٩٨.\n(^٤) حماد بن عبد الرحمن الأنصاري، كوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٤، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٤٣، والثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٢٠٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٧٩. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٩٧: مقبول.","vol":"10","page":48},{"text":"أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ، وأهَلَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحَجِّ؛ فأمّا مَن أهَل بعُمرَةٍ فحَلَّ، وأمّا مَن أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ أو جَمَعَ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ فلَم يَحِلّوا حَتَّى كان يَومُ النَّحرِ (^١). لَفظ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِىِّ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٣).\nوفِي الأحاديثِ التي مَضَت في البابِ قَبلَه دَليلٌ على هَذا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2114>بابُ الاستِكثارِ مِنَ الطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ ما دامَ بمَكَّةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن طافَ بالبَيتِ سبعًا يُحصيه كُتِبَت له بكُلِّ خُطوَةٍ حَسَنَةٌ، ومُحيَت عنه سَيِّئَةٌ، ورُفِعَت له به دَرَجَةٌ، وكانَ له عِدلُ (^٤) رَقَبَةٍ\" (^٥)\n\n٩٥٠٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزمِهْرانِىُّ (^٦)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٣٣)، وتقدم في (٨٨٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤٠٨).\n(^٤) العِدل والعَدل بمعنى، وقيل: هو بالفتح ما عادله من جنسه، وبالكسر ما ليس من جنسه. وقيل بالعكس. النهاية ٣/ ١٩١.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٤١)، والطيالسى (٢٠١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٠١)، والطبراني (١٣٤٣٩) من طريق همام به. وقال الهيثمي في ٣/ ٢٤١: وفيه عطاء بن السائب، وهو ثقة ولكنه اختلط.\n(^٦) هكذا ضبطت في الأصل، ورسمها بالزاى وفوقها ثلاث نقط، وهذا الحرف فارسى يبدل أحيانا =","vol":"10","page":49},{"text":"بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن طافَ سبعًا ورَكَعَ رَكعَتَينِ كانَت كَعَتاقِ رَقَبَةٍ\" (^١). لَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه أباه، واختُلِفَ فيه على عَطاءٍ؛ فبَعضُهُم ذَكَرَه عنه وبَعضُهُم لَم يَذكُرْه.\n\n٩٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أباه يقولُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: ما لِى أراكَ لا تَستَلِمُ إلَّا هَذَينِ الرُّكنَينِ ولا تَستَلِمُ غَيرَهُما؟ قال: إنْ أفعَلْ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ استِلامَهُما يَحُطُّ الخَطايا\". قال: وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"مَن طافَ سُبوعًا وصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ فلَه كعِدلِ (^٢) رَقَبَةٍ، ومَن رَفَعَ قَدَمًا ووَضَعَ أُخرَى كَتَبَ اللهُ له بها حَسَنَةً، وحَطَّ له (^٣) بها عنه خَطيئَةً، ورَفَعَ له بها دَرَجَةً\" (^٤). وهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّهُما جَميعًا سَمِعاه؛ الأبُ والابنُ (^٥).\n\n٩٥٠٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ\n_________\n= بالجيم وأحيانا بالزاى.\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٤٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"بعدل\".\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٢٩) من طريق هشيم به، وعند ابن خزيمة مقتصرا على الشطر الأول. وتقدم شطره الأول في (٩٣٣٣). قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٥٨: حسنه الترمذي.\n(^٥) هما: عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير، وأبوه.","vol":"10","page":50},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قِراءَةً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ باباه قال: سَمِعتُ جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا أعرِفَنَّ يا بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ ما مَنَعتُم طائفًا يَطوفُ بهَذا البَيتِ ساعَةً (^١) مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2115>بابُ القرنِ بَينَ الأسابيعِ</span>\n\n٩٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا المَعمَرِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ محمدٍ التَّمّارُ قالا: حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - طافَ سَبعًا ثُمَّ طافَ سَبعًا؛ لأنَّه أحَبَّ أن يَرَى النّاسُ قوَّتَه (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةِ المَعمَرِىِّ: طافَ سَبعًا وطافَ سَبعًا؛ لأنَّه أحَبَّ أن يَرَى النّاسُ أو يُرِىَ النّاسَ قوَّتَه. وقَد قال غَيرُه في هذا المَتنِ: طافَ سَبعًا وطافَ سَعْيًا (^٤). وقيلَ: أرادَ به طافَ سَبعًا (^٥) بالبَيتِ، وسَبعًا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ. فلا يَكونُ مَدخَلُه هذا البابَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أية ساعة شاء\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٥٣، ١٦٧٦٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وتقدم في (٤٤٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٨٢٧) من طريق هدبة به، وفيه: طاف سبعًا فطاف سعيًا. وأحمد (٢٣٠٥) من طريق همام به، بلفظ: طاف سبعًا وطاف سعيًا.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤، م: \"سبعا\".\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ، وفي مختصر الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٥٨: \"سعيًا\".","vol":"10","page":51},{"text":"٩٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَنابٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ أبي الجَنوبِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: طافَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالبَيتِ ثَلاثَةَ أسباعٍ جَميعًا، ثُمَّ أتَى المَقامَ فصَلَّى خَلفَه سِتَّ رَكَعاتٍ يُسَلِّمُ في كُلِّ رَكعَتَينِ يَمينًا وشِمالًا. قال أبو هريرةَ: أرادَ أن يُعَلِّمَنا (^١).\nخالَفَه الصَّغانِىُّ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن أحمدَ بنِ جَنابٍ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n٩٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَنابٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ أبي الجَنوبِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه قال: طُفتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بالبَيتِ، فلَمّا أتمَمنا دَخَلنا في الثّانِى، فقُلنا له: إنّا قَد أتمَمنا. قال: إنِّي لَم أَوهَمْ ولَكِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقرِنُ فأنا أُحِبُّ أن أقرِنَ (^٢). لَيسَ هذا بالقَوِىِّ، وقَد رَخَّصَ في ذَلِكَ المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ وعائشَةُ (^٣)، وكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى ٣/ ٦٦ من طريق أحمد بن جناب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الضياء المقدسي في المختارة (٢٢٤) من طريق أحمد بن جناب به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٥٨: عبد السلام متروك.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٠١٤، ٩٠١٦)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٠٢ - ١٥٠٠٤، ١٥٠٠٦، ١٥٠٠٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٠١٢).","vol":"10","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2116>بابُ الخُطَبِ التي يُستَحَبُّ لِلإِمامِ أن يأتِىَ بها في الحَجِّ</span>\nأوَّلُها يَومَ السّابعِ مِن ذِى الحِجَّةِ بمَكَّةَ:\n\n٩٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الجُلُودِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان قَبلَ التَّرويَةِ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فأخبَرَهُم بمَناسِكِهِم (^١).\n\n٩٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُمَةَ، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - حينَ رَجَعَ بَعَثَ أبا بكرٍ على الحَجِّ فأقبَلنا مَعَه، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بالعَرْجِ ثُوِّبَ بالصُّبحِ، فلَمّا استَوَى لِلتَّكبيرِ سَمِعَ الرُّغوَةَ (^٢) خَلفَ ظَهرِه فوَقَفَ عن التَّكبيرِ، فقالَ: هذه رُغْوَةُ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الجَدعاءِ، لَقَد بَدا لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الحَجِّ، فلَعَلَّه أن يَكونَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيها، فإِذا علىٌّ عَلَيها، فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ: أميرٌ أم رسولٌ؟ قال: بَل رسولٌ؛ أرسَلَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بـ ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ﴾. أقرأُ على النّاسِ في مَواقِفِ الحَجِّ. فقَدِمنا مَكَّةَ، فلَمّا كان قَبلَ التَّرويَةِ بيَومٍ قامَ أبو بكرٍ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَدَّثَهُم عن مَناسِكِهِم، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ قامَ علىٌّ فقَرأ على النّاسِ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦١ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٩٣) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) الرغوة بالفتح: المرة من الرغاء، وبالضم الاسم، والرغاء صوت الإبل. النهاية ٢/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"10","page":53},{"text":"﴿بَرَاءَةٌ﴾ حَتَّى خَتَمَها، ثُمَّ خَرَجنا مَعَه حَتَّى إذا كان يَومُ عَرَفَةَ قامَ أبو بكرٍ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَدَّثَهُم عن مَناسِكِهِم، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ قامَ عليٌّ فقَرأ على النّاسِ: ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ﴾، حَتَّى خَتَمَها، ثُمَّ كان يَومُ النَّحرِ فأفَضْنا، فلَمّا رَجَعَ أبو بكرٍ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَدَّثَهُم عن إفاضَتِهِم وعن نَحرِهِم وعن مَناسِكِهِم، فلَمّا فرَغَ قامَ علىٌّ فقَرأ على النّاسِ: ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ﴾ حَتَّى خَتَمَها، فلَمّا كان يَومُ النَّفْرِ الأوَّلِ قامَ أبو بكرٍ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَدَّثَهُم كَيفَ يَنفِرونَ وكَيفَ يَرمونَ فعَلَّمَهُم مَناسِكَهُم، فلَمّا فرَغَ قامَ علىٌّ فقَرأ على النّاسِ ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ﴾ حَتَّى خَتَمَها (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن أبي قُرَّةَ موسَى بنِ طارِقٍ (^٢)، تَفَرَّدَ به هَكَذا ابنُ خُثَيمٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2117>بابُ التَّوَجُّهِ إلَى مِنًى يَومَ التَّرويَةِ والإِقامَةِ بها إلَى الغَدِ ثُمَّ الغُدوِّ مِنها إلَى عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديث في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: ثُمَّ حَلَّ النّاسُ كُلُّهُم وقَصَّروا إلَّا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - ومَن كان مَعَه هَدْىٌ، فلَمّا كان يَومُ التَّرويَةِ ووَجَّهوا إلَى مِنًى أهَلّوا بالحَجِّ ورَكِبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فصَلَّى بمِنًى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٩٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٦٤٥) من طريق أبى قرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٩٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٤) من طريق إسحاق به. وقال النسائي: ابن خثيم ليس بالقوى. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (١٩٥).","vol":"10","page":54},{"text":"الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ والصُّبحَ، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ قَليلًا حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ، وأمَرَ بقُبَّةٍ مِن شَعَرٍ فضُرِبَت له بنَمِرَةَ، فسارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولا تَشُكُّ قُرَيشٌ إلَّا أنَّه واقِفٌ عِندَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ كما كانَت قُرَيشٌ تَصنَعُ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فأجازَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى عَرَفَةَ فوَجَدَ القُبَّةَ قَد ضُرِبَت له بنَمِرَةَ فنَزَلَ بها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٥١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُف الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: قُلتُ: أخبِرْنِى بشَئٍ عَقَلتَه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أينَ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ يَومَ التَّرويَةِ؟ قال: بمِنًى. قُلتُ: فأينَ صَلَّى العَصرَ يَومَ النَّفرِ؟ قال: بالأبطَحِ. ثُمَّ قال: افعَلْ كما يَفعَلُ أُمَراؤُكَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن إسحاقَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٤٦٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٧٥)، وأبو داود (١٩١٢)، والترمذي (٩٦٤)، والنسائي (٢٩١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩٥٨، ٢٧٩٦) وابن حبان (٣٨٤٦) من طريق إسحاق بن يوسف الأزرق به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٥٣)، ومسلم (١٣٠٩).","vol":"10","page":55},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُصَلِّى الطهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ والصُّبحَ بمِنًى، ثُمَّ يَغدو مِن مِنًى إذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمسُ إلَى عَرَفَةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وحَديثُ الشّافِعِىِّ مُختَصَرٌ في الغُدوِّ فقَط (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2118>بابُ التَّلبيَةِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ وقَبلَه وبَعدَه حَتَّى يَرمِىَ جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ</span>\n\n٩٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ قال: أفاضَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفاتٍ وأُسامَةُ رِدْفُه، فجالَت به النّاقَةُ وهو واقِفٌ بعَرَفاتٍ قَبلَ أن يُفيضَ وهو رافِعٌ يَدَيه لا تُجاوِزانِ رأسَه، فلَمّا أفاضَ سارَ على هَيئَتِه حَتَّى أتَى جَمعًا، ثُمَّ أفاضَ مِن جَمعٍ والفَضلُ رِدْفُه، فقالَ الفَضلُ: ما زالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّى حَتَّى أتَى الجَمرَةَ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الفَضلَ في أوَّلِه وإِنَّما ذَكَرَه في آخِرِه (^٣)، وقَد أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠١٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٥٤، ومالك ١/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٦) عن يعلى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٨١، ١٢٨٦/ ٢٨٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٨٥).","vol":"10","page":56},{"text":"٩٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهْلىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ أنَّه سألَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ وهُما غاديانِ مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ: كَيفَ كُنتُم تَصنَعونَ في هذا اليَومِ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: كان يُهِلُّ المُهِلُّ مِنّا ولا يُنكَرُ عَلَيه، ويُكَبِّرُ المُكَبِّرُ مِنّا فلا يُنكَرُ عَلَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ. قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه قال: غَدَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفاتٍ؛ مِنّا المُلَبِّى ومِنّا المُكَبِّرُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٣٤٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٧٠، ١٦٥٩)، ومسلم (١٢٨٥/ ٢٧٤).\n(^٣) أحمد (٤٧٣٣)، وعنه أبو داود (١٨١٦). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٠٥) من طريق ابن نمير به.","vol":"10","page":57},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ مُثنَّى (^١).\n\n٩٥١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُصَينٌ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ مُدرِكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ - يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ - لَبَّى حينَ أفاضَ مِن جَمعٍ فقيلَ: هذا أعرابِىٌّ! فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\" يقولُ في هذا المَكانِ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللهمَّ لَبَّيكَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n٩٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيل بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ذَكَرَه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، أن أباه رَقِىَ إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ فقالَ: ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُهِلَّ؟ فقَد سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُهِلُّ في مَكانِكَ هذا. فأهَلَّ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٨٤/ ٢٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٤٩) عن هشيم به. والنسائي (٣٠٤٦) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٨٣/ ٢٧٠).\n(^٤) سعدان بن نصر في جزئه (٥٨).","vol":"10","page":58},{"text":"أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ يُهِلُّ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ، فقُلتُ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينِ فيمَ الإهلالُ؟ قال: وهَل قَضَينا نُسُكَنا؟.\n\n٩٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مَيسَرَةَ بنِ حَبيبٍ النَّهدِىِّ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كُنّا عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ بعَرَفَةَ فقالَ: يا سعيدُ ما لِى لا أسمَعُ النّاسَ يُلَبّونَ؟ قُلتُ: يَخافونَ مُعاويَةَ. فخَرَجَ ابنُ العباسِ مِن فُسطاطِه فقالَ: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، وإِن رَغِمَ أنفُ مُعاويَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ العَنْهُم فقَد تَرَكوا السُّنَّةَ مِن بُغضِ عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n٩٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ أبى يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: تُلَبِّى حَتَّى تأتِىَ حَرَمَكَ إذا رَمَيتَ الجَمرَةَ.\n\n٩٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أرسَلَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ مَعَ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ عَرَفَةَ، فاتَّبَعتُ هَودَجَها، فلَم أزَلْ أسمَعُها تُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَت جَمرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٣٠) من طريق خالد بن مخلد به، بدون ذكر اللعن. وعبد الله بن الحسن بن الشرقى تكلموا فيه لإدمانه شرب المسكر. ينظر الميزان ٢/ ٤٩٤، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٣٤١. وصحح الألباني إسناده من طريق النسائي، ينظر: صحيح النسائي (٢٨١٢).","vol":"10","page":59},{"text":"العَقَبَةِ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَت (^١).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن الحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ - ﵄ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2119>بابُ الوُقوفِ بعَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا مُحاضِرٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كانَت قُرَيشٌ ومَن دانَ دينَها يَقِفونَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ وكانوا يُسَمَّونَ الحُمْسَ، وكانَ سائرُ العَرَبِ يَقِفونَ بعَرَفَةَ، فلَمّا جاءَ الإسلامُ أمَرَ اللهُ نَبيَّه - ﷺ - أن يأتِىَ عَرَفاتٍ فيَقِفَ بها ثُمَّ يُفيضَ مِنها، فذَلِكَ قَولُه: ﴿ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٩] (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n٩٥٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ١٣٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (٩٦٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩١٠)، والنسائي (٣٠١٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٥٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٢٠)، ومسلم (١٢١٩/ ١٥١).","vol":"10","page":60},{"text":"أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قالَت قُرَيشٌ: نَحنُ قَواطِنُ البَيتِ لا نُجاوِزُ الحَرَمَ. فقالَ اللهُ ﷾: ﴿ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ﴾ (^١).\n\n٩٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: أضلَلتُ بَعيرًا لِى فذَهَبتُ أطلُبُه يَومَ عَرَفَةَ فرأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واقِفًا بعَرَفَةَ، فقُلتُ: هذا واللَّهِ مِنَ الحُمْسِ! ما شأنُهُ؟ (^٢) رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ. قال: وأخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ قال: وحَدَّثَنا عِمرانُ، حدثنا عثمانُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: هذا مِنَ الحُمسِ! فما له خَرَجَ مِنَ الحَرَمِ؟ قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى قُرَيشًا وكانَت تُسَمَّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠١٨) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٥٤): هذا إسناد صحيح موقوف ولكن حكمه الرفع؛ لأنه في سبب نزول.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣٧)، والنسائي (٣٠١٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٦٠، ٣٠٦١)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٢٢٠).","vol":"10","page":61},{"text":"الحُمْسَ، وكانَت قُرَيشٌ لا تُجاوِزُ الحَرَمَ، يَقولونَ: نَحنُ أهلُ اللَّهِ لا نَخرُجُ مِنَ الحَرَمِ. فكانَ سائرُ النّاسِ تَقِفُ بعَرَفَةَ، وذَلِكَ قَولُ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ﴾. قال سفيانُ: الأحمَسُ الشَّديدُ في دينِهِ. قال الإسماعيلِىُّ: حَديثُ أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ إلَى قَولِه: مِنَ الحُمْسِ! ما له ههنا؟ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2120>بابُ الخُطبَةِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ بعدَ الزَّوالِ، والجَمعِ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ بأذانٍ وإقامَتَينِ</span>\n\n٩٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ و(^٢) أبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلنا على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديث في حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ونُزولِه بنَمِرَةَ، قال: حَتَّى إذا زاغَتِ الشَّمسُ أمَرَ بالقَصواءِ فرُحِلَت له فرَكِبَ حَتَّى أتَى بَطنَ الوادِى، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في خُطبَتِه كما مَضَى في هذا الحَديثِ حَيثُ أخرَجناه بسياقِه مِن هذا الكِتابِ، قال: ثُمَّ أذَّنَ بلال ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ ولَم يُصلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٧٨٩) عن ابن أبي عمر به، بدون قول سفيان. والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٨٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) من هنا خرم في المخطوط (س) ينتهى في أثناء حديث (٩٧٤٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).","vol":"10","page":62},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٩٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وغَيرُه، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في حَجَّةِ الإسلامِ قال: فراحَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إلَى المَوقِفِ بعَرَفَةَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ الخُطبَةَ الأولَى ثُمَّ أذَّنَ بلالٌ، ثُمَّ أخَد النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - في الخُطبَةِ الثّانيَةِ ففَرَغَ مِنَ الخُطبَةِ وبِلالٌ مِنَ الأذانِ، ثُمَّ أقامَ بلالٌ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أقامَ فصَلَّى العَصرَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: تَفَرَّدَ بهَذا التَّفصيلِ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي يَحيَى (^٣)، وفِي حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه خَطَبَ ثُمَّ أذَّنَ بلالٌ، إلَّا أنَّه لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ أخذِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الخُطبَةِ الثّانيَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ إبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ وأبو صالِحٍ أن اللَّيثَ حَدَّثَهُما قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ أن الحَجّاجَ سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ: كَيفَ يَصنَعُ في المَوقِفِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قال سالِمٌ: إن كُنتَ تُريدُ السُّنَّةَ فهَجِّرْ بالصَّلاةِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: صَدَقَ، إنَّهُم كانوا يَجمَعونَ بَينَ الظُّهرِ والعَصرِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ في السُّنَّةِ. قال\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٥، ٣٠٢٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٦.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٦٣: هو واهٍ.","vol":"10","page":63},{"text":"ابنُ شِهابٍ: فقُلتُ لِسالِمٍ: أفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال سالِمٌ: وهَل يَتَّبِعونَ إلَّا سُنَّتَه (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن نافِعٍ أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَجمَعُ بَينَهُما، إذا فاتَه مَعَ الإمامِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ (^٣)؟ وعن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ: إن شاءَ جَمَعَ وإِن شاءَ فرَّقَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2121>بابُ الرَّواحِ إلَى المَوقِفِ عِندَ الصَّخَراتِ واستِقبالِ القِبلَةِ بالدُّعاءِ</span>\n\n٩٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى المَوقِفَ فجَعَلَ بَطنَ ناقَتِه القَصواءِ إلَى الصَّخراتِ وجَعَلَ حَبْلَ المُشاةِ بَينَ يَدَيه واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، فلَم يَزَلْ واقِفًا حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨١٣) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٦٢).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٠٢٧).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2122>بابٌ: حَيثُما وقَفَ مِن عَرَفَةَ أجزأه</span>\n\n٩٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"وقَفتُ ههنا بعَرَفَةَ وعَرَفَةُ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، ووَقَفتُ ههنا بجَمعٍ وجَمعٌ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، ونَحَرتُ ههنا بمِنًى ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ فأنحَروا في رِحالِكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَرَفَةُ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، وارتَفِعوا عن عُرَنَةَ، والمُزدَلِفَةُ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، وارتَفِعوا عن مُحَسِّرٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٥٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: ارتَفِعوا عن عُرَناتٍ وارتَفِعوا عن مُحَسِّرٍ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٣٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وسيأتي في (١٠٣٢٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٨٩ من طريق ابن المنكدر به.","vol":"10","page":65},{"text":"وعُرَناتٌ بعَرَفاتٍ. قال عَطاءٌ: وبَطنُ عُرَنَةَ الَّذِى فيه المَبنَى.\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان يُقالُ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن أبي مَعبَدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٩٥٣٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارفَعوا عن بَطنِ عُرَنَةَ، وارفَعوا عن مُحَسِّرٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٥٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ إن شاءَ اللهُ، شَكَّ سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ارفَعوا عن بَطنِ مُحَسِّرٍ، وعَلَيكُم بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذفِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو يَعنِى ابنَ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَفوانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ شَيبانَ قال: كُنّا وُقوفًا بعَرَفَةَ في مَكانٍ بَعيدٍ مِنَ المَوقِفِ يُبَعِّدُه، فأتانا ابنُ مِربَعٍ الأنصارِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨١٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦١ من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨١٦) من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٦) عن سفيان به، بدون الشك.","vol":"10","page":66},{"text":"فقالَ: إنِّي رسولُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَيكُم يقولُ: \"كونوا على مَشاعِرِكُم هذه، فإِنَّكُم على إرثٍ مِن إرثِ إبراهيمَ ﵇\" (^١).\n\n٩٥٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عَن. وقالَ: أتانا ابنُ مِربَعٍ الأنصارِىُّ بعَرَفَةَ ونَحنُ في مَكانٍ مِنَ المَوقِفِ يُباعِدُه عمرٌو. يَعنِى عن الإمامِ، فقالَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2123>بابُ وقتِ الوُقوفِ لإِدراكِ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n٩٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال: كَتَبَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَروانَ إلَى الحَجّاجِ بنِ يوسُفَ: أن لا يُخالِفَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ في أمرِ الحَجِّ. فلَمّا كان يَومُ عَرَفَةَ جاءَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حينَ زالَتِ الشَّمسُ، فصاحَ عِندَ سُرادِقِه: الرَّواحَ. فخَرَجَ الحَجّاجُ إلَيه في مِلحَفَةٍ مُعَصفَرَةٍ، فقالَ: هذه السّاعَةَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقالَ: انتَظِرنِى حَتَّى أُفيضَ علىَّ ماءً. فدَخَلَ فاغتَسَلَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فسارَ بَينِى\n_________\n(^١) سعدان بن نصر في جزئه (٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٩١٩)، والترمذي (٨٨٣)، والنسائي (٣٠١٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨١٨، ٢٨١٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ابن عيينة.","vol":"10","page":67},{"text":"وبَينَ أبى فقُلتُ له: إن كُنتَ تُريدُ أن تُصيبَ السُّنَّةَ اليَومَ، فأقصِرِ الخُطبَةَ وعَجِّلِ الصَّلاةَ. فجَعَلَ يَنظُرُ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ كَيما يَسمَعَ ذَلِكَ مِنه، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: صَدَقَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ وغَيرِه وقالَ: وعَجِّلِ الوُقوفَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ إتيانَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - المَوقِفَ كان بعدَ زَوالِ الشَّمسِ (^٣). وقَد قال في رِوايَةِ جابِرٍ: \"لِتأخُذوا مَناسِكَكُم\".\n\n٩٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وعَلَيه السَّكينَةُ وأمَرَهُم بالسَّكينَةِ وقالَ: \"لِتأخُذْ أُمَّتِى مَنسِكَها، فإنِّى لا أدرِى لَعَلِّى لا ألقاهُم بَعدَ عامِهِم هذا\" (^٤). وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ (^٥).\n\n٩٥٤١ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٩٩، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣٠٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨١٠، ٢٨١٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٦٠، ١٦٦٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٥٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٥٣)، وأبو داود (١٩٤٤)، والترمذي (٨٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٢) من طريق سفيان به. وعندهم: سفيان الثوري. إلا الترمذي فعنده: ابن عيينة. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٢/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٩٧).","vol":"10","page":68},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ الثَّورِىِّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعْمَرَ الدِّيلِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الحَجُّ عَرَفاتٌ، الحَجُّ عَرَفاتٌ، فإن أدرَكَ لَيلَةَ جَمعٍ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ فقَد أدرَكَ، أيّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثَةُ أيّامٍ، فمَن تَعَجَّلَ في يَومَينِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه، ومَن تأخَّرَ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه\" (^١). قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ: لَيسَ عِندَكُم بالكوفَةِ حَديثٌ أشرَفَ ولا أحسَنَ مِن هَذا.\n\n٩٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا يَعنِى ابنَ أبى زائدَةَ، عن عامِرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ مُضَرِّسِ بنِ أوَسِ بنِ حارِثَةَ بنِ لأمٍ أنَّه حَجَّ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأدرَكَ النّاسَ وهُم بجَمْعٍ، فانطَلَقَ إلَى عَرَفاتٍ لَيلًا، فأفاضَ مِنها ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى جَمْعٍ، فأتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أتعَبتُ نَفسِى وأنضَيتُ (^٢) راحِلَتِى، فهَل لِى مَن حَجٍّ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَلَّى معنا صَلاةَ الغَداةِ، ووَقَفَ معنا حَتَّى نُفيضَ، وقَد أتَى عَرَفاتٍ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ لَيلًا أو نَهارًا فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه وقَضَى تَفَثَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٢١). وأخرجه الترمذي (٨٩٠) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وأحمد (١٨٧٧٤)، وأبو داود (١٩٤٩)، والنسائي (٣٠٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٩٢) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (٩٧٦٩، ٩٩٠١).\n(^٢) في ص ٤، م: \"أنصبت\". وأنضى راحلته: أهزلها. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٠٨)، والترمذي (٨٩١)، والنسائي (٣٠٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٠، ٢٨٢١) من طريق زكريا به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٤٥).","vol":"10","page":69},{"text":"٩٥٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مالكٍ الشَّعيرِىُّ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عَبِيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا عُروَةُ يَعنِى أبا فروَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ مُضَرِّسٍ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: جِئتُ مِن جَبَلِ طَيِّئٍ، أتعَبتُ راحِلَتِى وأنصَبتُ نَفسِى، فهَل لِى مِن حَجٍّ؟ قال: \"مَن وقَفَ معنا بعَرَفَةَ فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2124>بابُ تَركِ صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ بعَرَفاتٍ</span>\n\n٩٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ ومالِكٌ، عن أبي النَّضرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ فيما قرأ عَلَيه، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ بنتِ الحارِثِ أن ناسًا اختَلَفوا عِندَها يَومَ عَرَفَةَ في رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ فقالَ بَعضُهُم: هو صائمٌ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لَيسَ بصائمٍ. فأرسَلَتْ إلَيه بقَدَحٍ مِن لَبَنٍ وهو واقِفٌ على بَعيرِه بعَرَفَةَ فشَرِبَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ: تَمارَوا. وقالَ: فشَرِبَ وهو بعَرَفَةَ يَخطُبُ النّاسَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز (٧٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٣) من طريق الثوري به. وأبو داود (٢٤٤١) من =","vol":"10","page":70},{"text":"عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٩٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ الكَلبِىُّ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن حَوشَبِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن مَهدِىٍّ الهَجَرِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ بعَرَفَةَ (^٢). كَذا قال الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. والمَحفوظُ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٩٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَوشَبُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، عن مَهدِىٍّ الهَجَرِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ أبي هريرةَ فحَدَّثَنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن صَومِ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ بعَرَفَةَ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن حَوشَبٍ (^٤)، وفِي حَديثِ أُمِّ الفَضلِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2125>بابٌ: أفضَلُ الدُّعاءِ دُعاءُ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبي زيادٍ مَولَى ابنِ عَيّاشٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَريزٍ\n_________\n= طريق القعنبى به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٨٤٥٧).\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٦١)، ومسلم (١١٢٣/ ١١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسي - كما في المطالب العالية (١١٤٩) - عن حوشب به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٤٦٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٤٦٣).","vol":"10","page":71},{"text":"أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفضَلُ الدُّعاءِ دُعاءُ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، وأَفضَلُ ما قُلتُ أنا والنَّبيّونَ مَن قَبلِى: لا إله إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ. وقَد روِىَ عن مالكٍ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ موصولًا (^٢)، ووَصلُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٩٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الهاشِمِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدعو بعَرَفَةَ يَداه إلَى صَدرِه كاستِطعامِ المِسكينِ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أخيه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أكثَرُ دُعائى ودُعاءِ الأنبياءِ قَبلِى بعَرَفَةَ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْ في قَلبِى نورًا، وفي سَمعِى نورًا، وفِي بَصَرِى نورًا، اللَّهُمَّ اشرَحْ لِى صَدرِى، ويَسِّرْ لِى أمرِى، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِن وَسْواسِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٤٦٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"موصَّلا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٩٩، ١٦٠٠ من طريق مالك عن سمى عن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة مرفوعًا.\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٩٧). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٨٩٢)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٦١ من طريق عبد المجيد به. قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٦٦: حسين ليس بمعتمد.","vol":"10","page":72},{"text":"الصَّدرِ، وشَتاتِ الأمرِ، وفِتنَةِ القَبرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِن شَرِّ ما يَلِجُ في اللَّيلِ، وشَرِّ ما يَلِجُ في النَّهارِ، وشَرِّ ما تَهُبُّ به الرّياحُ، ومِن شَرِّ بَوائقِ الدَّهرِ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، ولَم يُدرِكْ أخوه عَليًّا - ﵁ -.\nورُوِّينا عن أبي شُعبَةَ أنَّه قال: رَمَقتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وهو بعَرَفَةَ لأسمَعَ ما يَدعو، قال: فما زادَ على أن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2126>بابُ التَّعريفِ (^٤) بغَيرِ عَرَفاتٍ</span>\n\n٩٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ قال: رأيتُ الحَسَنَ البَصرِىَّ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ بعدَ العَصرِ جَلَسَ فدَعا وذَكَرَ اللَّهَ ﷿ فاجتَمَعَ النّاسُ. وفِي رِوايَةِ مُسلِمٍ: رأيتُ الحَسَنَ خَرَجَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٩٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٣٤٩) من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به.\n(^٢) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٤٠٦٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٩٦٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٠١٥٢)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٧١)، والطبراني في الدعاء (٨٥٦) عن أبي شعبة به.\n(^٤) التعريف: هو الاجتماع المعروف في البلدان بعد العصر يوم عرفة، وذلك تشبيهًا بأهل عرفة. ينظر المجموع للنووى ٨/ ١١٧، والجامع الصغير للمناوى ١/ ١١٥.","vol":"10","page":73},{"text":"المَقصورَةِ بعدَ العَصرِ فقَعَدَ فَعَرَّفَ (^١).\n\n٩٥٥١ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ قال: سألتُ الحَكَمَ وحَمّادًا عن اجتِماعِ النّاسِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ في المَساجِدِ، فقالا: هو مُحدَثٌ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٥٢ - وعن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ قال: هو مُحدَثٌ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٥٣ - وعن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ قال: أوَّلُ مَن صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عباسٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2127>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٥٤ - حدثنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحُسَينِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن أبي العُمَيسِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أن رَجُلًا قال لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، آيَةٌ في كِتابِكُم تَقرَءونَها لَو عَلَينا مَعشَرَ اليَهودِ نَزَلَت لاتَّخَذنا ذَلِكَ اليَومَ عيدًا. فقالَ: أىُّ آيَةٍ؟ قال: ﴿الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا﴾ [المائدة: ٣]. فقالَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: قَد عَرَفنا ذَلِكَ اليَومَ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان في المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٦٣.\n(^٢) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٧٩).\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٨٠).\n(^٤) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٨١).","vol":"10","page":74},{"text":"والمَكانَ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت فيه؛ نَزَلَت على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حمَيدٍ، جَميعًا عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن أبيه، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال يَهودِىٌّ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أما لَو عَلَينا مَعشَرَ اليَهودِ نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا﴾. نَعلَمُ اليَومَ الَّذِى نَزَلَت فيه لاتَّخَذنا ذَلِكَ اليَومَ عيدًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: قَد عَلِمتُ المَوضِعَ الَّذِى نَزَلَت فيه واليَومَ والسّاعَةَ؛ نَزَلَت على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ بعَرَفَةَ عَشيَّةَ جُمُعَةٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ يوسُفَ يُحَدِّثُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٧٩). وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٦٨٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥)، ومسلم (٣٠١٧/ ٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٠٢)، وابن حبان (١٨٥) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠١٧/ ٤).","vol":"10","page":75},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِن يَومٍ أكثَرَ أن يُعتِقَ اللهُ فيه عبدًا مِنَ النّارِ مِن يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، وإِنَّه لَيَدنو ثُمَّ يُباهِى المَلائكَةَ فيَقولُ: ما أرادَ هَؤُلاءِ؟ \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنٌ لِكِنانَةَ بنِ العباسِ بنِ مِرداسٍ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عباسِ بنِ مِرداسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَعا عَشيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ لأُمَّتِه بالمَغفِرَةِ والرَّحمَةِ فأكثَرَ الدُّعاءَ، فأوحَى اللهُ تَعالَى إلَيه: إنِّي قَد فعَلتُ إلَّا ظُلمَ بَعضِهِم بَعضًا، وأمّا ذُنوبُهُم فيما بَينِى وبَينَهُم فقَد غَفَرتُها. فقالَ: \"يا رَبِّ إنَّكَ قادِرٌ على أن تُثيبَ هذا المَظلومَ خَيرًا مِن مَظلِمَتِه وتَغفِرَ لِهَذا الظّالِمِ\". فلَم يُجِبْه تِلكَ العَشيَّةَ، فلَمّا كان غَداةَ المُزدَلِفَةِ أعادَ الدُّعاءَ، فأجابَه اللهُ ﷿: إنِّي قَد غَفَرتُ لَهُم. فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ له بَعضُ أصحابِه: يا رسولَ اللهِ تبَسَّمتَ في ساعَةٍ لَم تَكُنْ تَبَسَّمُ فيها؟ قال: \"تَبَسَّمتُ مِن عَدوِّ اللَّهِ إبليسَ؛ إنَّه لما عَلِمَ أنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ استَجابَ لِى في أُمَّتِى، أهوَى يَدعو بالوَيلِ والثُّبورِ، ويَحثو التُّرابَ على رأسِه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٥)، وفضائل الأوقات (١٨٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٤. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٢٧) عن إبراهيم بن منقذ به. والنسائي (٣٠٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٤) من طربق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٤٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (١٩٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٣) من طريق =","vol":"10","page":76},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2128>بابُ ما يَفعَلُ مَن دَفَعَ مِن عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: فلَم يَزَلْ واقِفًا حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وذَهَبَتِ الصُّفرَةُ قَليلًا، حينَ غابَ القُرصُ أردَفَ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ خَلفَه، فدَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد شَنَقَ لِلقَصواءِ الزِّمامَ حَتَّى إنَّ رأسَها لَيُصيبُ مَورِكَ رَحلِه (^١) ويَقولُ بيَدِه يَعنِى اليُمنَى: \"السَّكينَةَ السَّكينَةَ\". كُلَّما أتَى حَبْلًا مِنَ الحِبالِ أرخَى لها قَليلًا حَتَّى تَصعَدَ حَتَّى أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ،\n_________\n= عبد القاهر بن السرى به. وعند ابن ماجه سمَّى ابن كنانة عبد الله. قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٦٨: هذا لم يثبت.\n(^١) المورك: قطعة أدم يتورك عليها الراكب ويضع عليها رجله ليستريح من وضع رجله في الركاب، تجعل في مقدم الرحل، شبه المخدة الصغيرة. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٢٨١، والنهاية ٥/ ١٦٧.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":77},{"text":"أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - التَفَتَ بعَرَفَةَ في النَّفْرِ والنّاسُ يَضرِبونَ فقالَ: \"السَّكينَةَ أيُّها النّاسُ، فإِنَّ البِرَّ لَيسَ بالإيضاعِ (^١) \". أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سوَيدٍ عن عمرٍو أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفَةَ وعَلَيه السَّكينَةُ ورَديفُه أُسامَةُ، فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ عَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ، فإنُّ البِرَّ لَيسَ بإيجافِ (^٣) الخَيلِ والإِبِلِ\". قال: فما رأيتُها رافِعَةً يَدَيها عاديَةً حَتَّى أتَى جَمْعًا (^٤).\n\n٩٥٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ - ﵄ - قال: أفاضَ\n_________\n(^١) الإيضاع: السير السريع. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٦٣.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧١).\n(^٣) الإيجاف: الإسراع. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٢٠) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٤٤) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٨٩).","vol":"10","page":78},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفَةَ وأنا رَديفُه، فجَعَلَ يَكبَحُ راحِلَتَه حَتَّى إنَّ ذِفْرَاهَا (^١) لَتَكادُ تُصيبُ قادِمَةَ الرَّحلِ وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ عَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةَ والوَقارَ؛ فإِنَّ البِرَّ لَيسَ بإيضاعِ الإبِلِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: سُئلَ أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - وأنا جالِسٌ: كَيفَ كان يَسيرُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ حينَ دَفَعَ؟ فقالَ: كان يَسيرُ العَنَقَ (^٣)، فإِذا وجَدَ فجوَةً نَصَّ. قال هِشامٌ: النَّصُّ أرفَعُ مِنَ العَنَقِ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2129>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ سُلوكَ طَريقِ المأزِمَينِ (^٦) دونَ طَريقِ ضَبٍّ (^٧) وتأخيَر المَغرِبِ إلىَ العِشاءِ حَتَّى يأتِىَ المُزدَلِفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الذِّفْرَى ليست مثنى \"ذفر\"، وكأنها كتبت بالرسم القديم \"ذفرتها\". والذِّفْرى من البعير: مؤخر رأسه، وهو الموضع الذي يعرق من قفاه. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٤٨. والحديث صححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٢٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠١٨) من طريق يونس بن محمد به. وأحمد (٢١٧٥٦) من طريق حماد به. والحديث صححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٢٤).\n(^٣) العنق: ضرب من السير ليس فيه ذلك الإسراع. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٨٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٣٣)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٣)، والنسائي (٣٠٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٤٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٦٦٦، ٤٤١٣)، ومسلم (١٢٨٦).\n(^٦) المأزمان: جبلان بينهما مضيق بين المزدلفة وعرفة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٤.\n(^٧) طريق ضب: طريق مختصر من المزدلفة إلى عرفة، وهى في أصل المأزمين عن يمينك وأنت =","vol":"10","page":79},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ ابنُ أبي حَرمَلَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - قال: رَدِفتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفاتٍ فلَمّا بَلَغَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الشِّعبَ الأيسَرَ الَّذِى دونَ المُزدَلِفَةِ أناخَ فبالَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فصَبَبتُ عَلَيه الوَضوءَ فتَوَضّأ وُضوءًا خَفيفًا، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: الصَّلاةَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ: \"الصَّلاةُ أمامَكَ\". فرَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ فصَلَّى، ثُمَّ رَدِفَ الفَضلُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَداةَ جَمعٍ. قال كُرَيبٌ: فأخبَرَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ عن الفَضلِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى ويَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِما (^٢).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ عُقبَةَ عن كُرَيبٍ فقالَ: الشِّعبِ الَّذِى يَدخُلُه الأُمَراءُ.\n\n٩٥٦٤ - أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n= ذاهب إلى عرفة. أخبار مكة للأزرقى ٢/ ١٩٣.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٧). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٩٤٨) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وأبو عوانة (٣٤٨١) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وأخرج شطره ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٦٩، ١٦٧٠)، ومسلم ٢/ ٩٣١ (١٢٨٠، ١٢٨١).","vol":"10","page":80},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ فارِسٍ أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن أُسامَةَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى الشِّعبِ الَّذِى يَدخُلُه الأُمَراءُ دَخَلَه، فدَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضّأ، فقُلتُ: الصَّلاةَ. فقالَ: \"الصَّلاةُ أمامَكَ\". فلَمّا أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ أقامَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ فلَم يَحُلَّ آخِرُ النّاسِ حَتَّى أقامَ الصَّلاةَ فصَلَّى العِشاءَ (^١).\n\n٩٥٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزمِهْرانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: سألتُ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ: كَيفَ صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ دَفَعَ مِن عَرَفَةَ؟ فقالَ: دَفَعَ مِن عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى إذا كان عِندَ الشِّعبِ عَدَلَ إلَيه فنَزَلَ فبالَ فأتَيتُه بماءٍ فتَوَضّأ وُضوءًا خَفيفًا فقُلتُ: ألا تُصَلِّى؟ فقالَ: \"الصَّلاةُ أمامَكَ\". ثُمَّ رَكِبَ حَتَّى أتَى جَمْعًا، ونَزَل فتَوَضّأ وُضوءَه لِلصَّلاةِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ ثَلاثَ رَكَعاتٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى صَلاةَ العِشاءِ رَكعَتَينِ ولَم يَكُنْ بَينَهُما سُبحَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2130>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ</span>\n\n٩٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ هارونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٣١)، والنسائي (٣٠٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٩٧٣، ٢٨٥٠) من طريق سفيان به. ومسلم (١٢٨٠/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٤) من طريق إبراهيم به. وسيأتي في (٩٥٧٧).","vol":"10","page":81},{"text":"ابنِ إبراهيمَ النَّحوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو أيّوبَ الأنصارِىُّ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمان بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىَّ حَدَّثَه. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىِّ، أن أبا أيّوبَ - ﵁ - أخبَرَه أنَّه صَلَّى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ جَميعًا. لَم يَذكُرْ في رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: جَميعًا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٦٢)، ومسلم (١٢٨٧)، والنسائى (٣٠٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٠) من طريق يحيى الأنصاري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٤).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤٠١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٥٦٦)، والنسائي (٦٠٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤١٤)، ومسلم (١٢٨٧).","vol":"10","page":82},{"text":"ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ جَميعًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2131>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَهُما بإِقامَةٍ إقامَةٍ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ</span>\n\n٩٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَلًّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ جَميعًا. قال ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ في الحَديثِ: لَم يُنادِ في كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما إلَّا بإِقامَةٍ ولَم يُسَبِّحْ بَينَهُما ولا على إثْرِ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤٠٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٨٧)، والنسائي (٦٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٤٨).\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ٩٣٧ (٧٠٣/ ٢٨٦).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٩١). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٨٩٩).","vol":"10","page":83},{"text":"وقالَ في الحَديثِ: جَمَعَ المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بجَمْعٍ، كُلُّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما بإِقامَةٍ (^١).\n\n٩٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَهُما بالمُزدَلِفَةِ، وصَلَّى كُلَّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما بإِقامَةٍ، ولَم يَتَطَوَّعْ قَبلَ كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما ولا بَعدَها (^٢).\n\n٩٥٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عليٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ وأقامَ لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ اختِلافُ الرّواةِ فيه على سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٧٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سُفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا سفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٧٣).\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٥٤٣٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٢٧)، والنسائي (٦٥٩) من طريق وكيع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٢٧٩٨) من طريق معلى به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٩٠٢، ١٩٠٤).","vol":"10","page":84},{"text":"عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بجَمْعٍ فقيلَ له: ما هذه الصَّلاةُ يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: صَلَّيتُهُما صَلاةَ المَغرِبِ ثَلاثًا والعِشاءَ رَكعَتَينِ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هذا المَكَانِ بإِقامَةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2132>بابُ الجَمعِ بَينَهُما بأذانٍ وإِقامَتَينِ</span>\n\n٩٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: حَتَّى أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ فصلَّى بها المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بأذانٍ وإِقامَتَينِ ولَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2133>بابُ مَن فصَلَ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ بتَطَوُّعٍ وأكلٍ وأذَّنَ وأقامَ لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما</span>\n\n٩٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٤٨٩٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٣٠) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٨٨/ ٢٩٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٩٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":85},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىَّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ إلَى مَكَّةَ فلَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى، فسَمِعَه أعرابِىٌّ عَشيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ فقالَ: مَن هذا الَّذِى يُلَبِّى في هذا المَكانِ؟ فسَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يُلَبِّى يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ عَدَدَ التُّرابِ لَبَّيكَ. ما سَمِعتُه قالَها قَبلَها ولا بَعدَها، ثُمَّ قَدِمنا جَمْعًا فصَلَّى بنا الصَّلاتَينِ كُلَّ صَلاةٍ وحدَها بأذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ والعَشاءَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ صلَّى الفَجرَ حينَ طَلَعَ الفَجرُ وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ هاتَينِ الصَّلاتَينِ تُحَوَّلانِ عن وقتِهِما في هذا المَكانِ - يَعنِى المَغرِبَ والفَجرَ - فما يَقدَمُ النّاسُ جَمعًا حَتَّى يُعتِموا\". وصلَّى الفَجرَ هذه السّاعَةَ، ثُمَّ وقَفَ حَتَّى أسفَرَ فقالَ: لَو أن أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ يَعنِى عثمانَ رَضِىَ الله تَعالَى عنه أفاضَ الآنَ لَقَد أصابَ السُّنَّةَ. فما أدرِى أقَولُه كان أسرَعَ أو إفاضَةُ عثمانَ، ثُمَّ لَم يَقطَعِ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ يَومَ النَّحرِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ عن إسرائيلَ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ولَم أُثبِتْ عَنهُما قَولَه: \"تُحَوَّلانِ عن وقتِهِما\".\n\n٩٥٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: حَجَّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٨٣).","vol":"10","page":86},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فأتَينا المُزدَلِفَةَ حينَ الأذانِ بالعَتَمَةِ أو قَريبًا مِن ذَلِكَ، فأمَرَ رَجُلًا فأذَّنَ وأقامَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى المَغرِبَ وصَلَّى بَعدَها رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ دَعا بعَشائه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ، أُرَى - شَكَّ زُهَيرٌ - فأذَّنَ وأقامَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ رَكعَتَينِ. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ عن زُهَيرٍ، وجَعَلَ زُهَيرٌ لَفظَ التَّحويلِ مِن قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن الأسوَدِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2134>بابُ مَن فصَلَ بَينَهُما مِقدارَ ما يُنيخُ بَعيرَه</span>\n\n٩٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٧).","vol":"10","page":87},{"text":"زَيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: دَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى إذا كان بالشِّعبِ نَزَلَ فبالَ ثُمَّ تَوَضّأ ولَم يُسبِغِ الوُضوءَ فقُلتُ له: الصَّلاةَ. قال: \"الصَّلاةُ أمامَكَ\". فرَكِبَ فلَمّا جاءَ المُزدَلِفَةَ نَزَلَ فتَوَضّأ فأسبَغَ الوُضوءَ، ثُمَّ أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ ثُمَّ أناخَ كُلُّ إنسانٍ بَعيرَه في مَنزِلِه، ثُمَّ أُقيمَتِ العِشاءُ فصَلاها، ولَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٩٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى كُرَيبٌ أنَّه سألَ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ، قُلتُ: أخبِرْنِى كَيفَ فعَلتُم أو صَنَعتُم عَشيَّةَ رَدِفتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: جِئنا الشِّعبَ الَّذِى يُنيخُ فيه النّاسُ لِلمُعَرَّسِ (^٣)، فأناخَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ناقَتَه ثُمَّ بال - ما قال زُهَيرٌ: أهْراقَ الماءَ - ثُمَّ دَعا بالوَضوءِ فتَوَضّأ وُضوءًا لَيسَ بالبالِغِ جِدًّا، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ الصَّلاةَ. قال: \"الصَّلاةُ أمامَكَ\". قال: فرَكِبَ حَتَّى قَدِمنا المُزدَلِفَةَ فأقامَ المَغرِبَ ثُمَّ أناخَ النّاسُ في مَنازِلِهِم، ولَم يَحُلّوا (^٤) حَتَّى أقامَ العِشاءَ فصَلَّى ثُمَّ حَلَّ النّاسُ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٩٠)، ومالك ١/ ٤٠٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٨١٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٢٩)، وابن حبان (١٥٩٤، ٣٨٥٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٢٥) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٩)، ومسلم ٢/ ٩٣٤ (١٢٨٠/ ٢٧٦).\n(^٣) في صحيح مسلم: \"للمغرب\". والمعرَّس: موضع التعريس، والتعريس نزول المسافر آخر الليل. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٣٥.\n(^٤) لم يحلوا: أي المحامل عن ظهور الدواب. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٣٥. وتفدم في (٩٥٦٥).","vol":"10","page":88},{"text":"قُلتُ: كَيفَ فعَلتُم حينَ أصبَحتُم؟ قال: رَدِفَه الفَضلُ وانطَلَقتُ أنا في سُبّاقِ قُرَيشٍ على رِجلَىَّ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلم عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2135>بابُ مَن قال: يُصَلِّيهِما بالمُزدَلِفَةِ أو حَيثُ قَضَى اللهُ ﷿</span>\n\n٩٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - قال: مِن سُنَّةِ الحَجِّ أن يُصَلِّىَ الإمامُ الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ والصُّبحَ بمِنًى، ثُمَّ يَغدو إلَى عَرَفَةَ فيَقيلُ حَيث قُضِىَ له، حَتَّى إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ خَطَبَ النّاسَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ جَميعًا، ثُمَّ وقَفَ بعَرَفاتٍ حَتَّى تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ يُفيضُ فيُصَلِّى بالمُزدَلِفَةِ أو حَيثُ قَضَى اللَّهُ ﷿، ثُمَّ يَقِفُ بجَمْعٍ حَتَّى إذا أسفَرَ دَفَعَ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ، فإِذا رَمَى الجَمرَةَ الكُبرَى حَلَّ له كُلُّ شَئٍ حَرُمَ عَلَيه إلَّا النِّساءَ والطّيبَ حَتَّى يَزورَ البَيتَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤٢) من طريق زهير به. وتقدم في (٩٥٦٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٨٠/ ٢٧٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦١ وقال: على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٠١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"10","page":89},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2136>بابٌ: حَيثُما وقَفَ مِنَ المُزدَلِفَةِ أجزأه</span>\n\n٩٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ المُزدَلِفَةِ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ طَريقٌ ومَنحَرٌ\" (^١).\n\n٩٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إبنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: وقَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ فقالَ: \"هذا عَرَفَةُ وهو المَوقِفُ، وعَرَفَةُ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ\". ثُمَّ أفاضَ مِن عَرَفَةَ حينَ غابَتِ الشَّمسُ وأردَفَ أُسامَةَ وهو يَسيرُ على هِينَتِه (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٩١)، وابن وهب (٩٨)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٠٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٣٧) من طريق أسامة به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٠٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) هينته: برفق وتثبت. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٥.","vol":"10","page":90},{"text":"والنّاسُ يَضرِبونَ يَمينًا وشِمالًا لا يَلتَفِتُ إلَيهِم وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ عَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ\". حَتَّى أتَى جَمْعًا فصَلَّى بها الصَّلاتَينِ جَميعًا، فلَمّا أصبَحَ أتَى قُزَحَ (^١) فوَقَفَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"هذا قُزَحُ وهو المَوقِفُ، وجَمْعٌ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ\". وقالَ - يَعنِى بمِنًى -: \"هذا المَنحَرُ، ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ. وحَديثُ ابنِ عبدانَ انتَهَى إلَى قَولِه: فصلَّى بها الصَّلاتَينِ. وقالَ: يُعنِقُ على بَعيرِه. بَدَلَ قَولِه: يَسيرُ على هِينَتِهِ. والباقِى بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n٩٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو وهو واقِفٌ بعَرَفَةَ عن المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ، فسَكَتَ حَتَّى أفاضَ وتَلَبَّطَت (^٣) أيدِى الرِّكابِ في تِلكَ الحِبالِ، فقالَ: هذا المَشعَرُ الحَرامُ (^٤). كَذا قال: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو. وقيلَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n\n٩٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) قزح: اسم جبل بالمزدلفة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٢٢)، والترمذي (٨٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٠١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٣٧) من طريق سفيان به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٩١) دون قوله: لا يلتفت. والمحفوظ: يلتفت. وصححه الترمذي.\n(^٣) تلبطت: اختلطت. ينظر التاج ٢٠/ ٦٣ (ل ب ط)، وفي مصادر التخريج: \"تهبطت\"، أي: انحدرت.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٦٥)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٨٣، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥١٧، ٥١٨ من طريق أبى إسحاق به بنحوه.\n(^٥) وكذا وقع في بعض النسخ عند ابن جرير: \"ابن عمر\".","vol":"10","page":91},{"text":"إبراهيمُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: ﴿فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨]. قال: هو الجَبَلُ وما حَولَه (^١).\n\n٩٥٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيِّ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ. فقالَ: ما بَينَ جَبَلَىْ جَمْعٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: أظُنُّ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَزَلَ لَيلَةَ جَمْعٍ مَنازِلَ الأئمَّةِ الآنَ لَيلَةَ جَمْعٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2137>بابُ مَن خَرَجَ مِنَ المُزدَلِفَةِ بعدَ نِصفِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٩٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى يَزيدَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ. وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ عِمرانَ وهو مَولَى محمدِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ أخِى الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ الهِلالِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أنا مِمَّن قَدَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ المُزدَلِفَةِ في ضَعَفَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٥٣ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥١٦ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٦٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥١٧ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٤٣).","vol":"10","page":92},{"text":"أهلِهِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: كُنتُ فيمن (^١) قَدَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن ضعَفَةِ أهلِه مِنَ المُزدَلِفَةِ إلَى مِنًى (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ كَذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ بى مِن جَمْعٍ بسَحَرٍ مَعَ ثَقَلِ (^٥) النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: بَلَغَكَ أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بلَيلٍ؟ قال: لا، إلَّا بسَحَرٍ، كَذَلِكَ. قُلتُ: فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: رَمَينا الجَمرَةَ قَبل الفَجرِ، وأينَ صَلَّى الفَجرَ؟ قال: لا، إلَّا كَذَلِكَ بسَحَرٍ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال عِندَ قَولِه: بلَيلٍ: بلَيلٍ طَويلٍ. قال: لا، إلَّا كَذَلِكَ بسَحَرٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ممن\".\n(^٢) الشافعي ٢/ ٢١٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩) - وعنه أبو داود (١٩٣٩) - والنسائي (٣٠٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٥) من طريق سفيان به. وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٧٨)، ومسلم (١٢٩٣/ ٣٠١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٠)، ومسلم (١٢٩٣/ ٣٠٢)، والنسائي (٣٠٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧٠) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٥) الثقل: الرحل والمتاع. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٢٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٥٢٨) من طريق محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٢٩٤).","vol":"10","page":93},{"text":"٩٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: عَجَّلَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الثَّقَلِ مِن جَمْعٍ بلَيلٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُقَدِّمُ ضَعَفَةَ أهلِه، فيَقِفونَ عِندَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ بلَيلٍ، فيَذكُرونَ اللَّهَ ما بَدا لَهُم، ثُمَّ يَدفَعونَ قَبلَ أن يَقِفَ الإمامُ وقَبلَ أن يَدفَعَ، فمِنهُم مَن يَقدَمُ مِنًى لِصَلاةِ الفَجرِ، ومِنهُم مَن يَقدَمُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ، فإِذا قَدِموا رَمَوُا الجَمرَةَ، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: أرخَصَ في أولَئكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n٩٥٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنِ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: قال سالِمٌ: فكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يُقَدِّمُ. فذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٤)، والترمذي (٨٩٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٧).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٩٦)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٣).","vol":"10","page":94},{"text":"الحديث بمِثلِه سَواءً (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، أخبرَنا أفلَحُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: استأذَنَت سَودَةُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ المُزدَلِفَةِ أن تَدفَعَ قَبلَه وقَبلَ حَطْمَةِ النّاسِ، وكانَتِ امرأةً ثَبِطَةً - والثَّبِطَةُ: الثَّقيلَةُ. يَقولُه القاسِمُ - قالَت: فأذِنَ لها فخَرَجَت قَبلَ دَفعَةِ النّاسِ وحَبَسَنا حَتَّى أصبَحنا فدَفَعْنا بدَفعِه، ولأنْ أكونَ استأذَنتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كما استأذَنَت سَودَةُ فأكونَ أدفَعُ بإِذنِه قَبلَ النّاسِ، أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن مَفروحٍ بهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن أفلَحَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٩٥٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ودِدتُ أنِّى كُنتُ استأذَنْتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كما استأذَنَتْه سَودَةُ فأُصَلِّى الصُّبحَ بمِنًى وأرمِى الجَمرَةَ (^٥) قَبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٣٣٢ عن عبد الله بن صالح به معلقًا مختصرا.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٧٦)، ومسلم (١٢٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (١٩٢٨) من طريق أفلح به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٨١)، ومسلم (١٢٩٠/ ٢٩٣).\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"10","page":95},{"text":"يَجِئَ النّاسُ. فَقالوا لِعائشَةَ: واستأذَنَت سَودَةُ؟ قالَت: نَعَم؛ إنَّها كانَتِ امرأةً ثَقيلَةً ثَبِطَةً فأذِنَ لَها (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢)، وقَد أخرَجاه مُختَصَرًا مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣).\n\n٩٥٩١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ شَوّالٍ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنّا نُغَلِّسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن جَمْعٍ إلَى مِنًى (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٩٥٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ شَوّالٍ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ - ﵂ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بَعضَ أزواجِه أن تَنفِرَ مِن جَمْعٍ بلَيلٍ (^٦). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٧٣) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والنسائي (٣٠٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٧) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٩٠/ ٢٩٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٦٨٠)، ومسلم (١٢٩٠/ ٢٩٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٩٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٣٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٩٢/ ٢٩٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٧٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٣٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٢٩٢/ ٢٩٨).","vol":"10","page":96},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2138>بابُ مَن باتَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ</span>\n\n٩٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ - في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: أتَى المُزدَلِفَةَ فصَلَّى بها المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ بأذانٍ وإِقامَتَينِ، ولَم يُصَلِّ بَينَهُما شَيئًا، ثُمَّ اضطَجَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى طَلَعَ الفَجرُ، فصَلَّى الفَجرَ حينَ تبَيَّنَ له الصُّبحُ بأذانٍ وإِقامَةٍ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ القَصواءَ حتَّى أتَى المَشعَرَ الحَرامَ، فرَقِىَ عَلَيه، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وكَبَّرَه وهَلَّلَه، فلَم يَزَلْ واقِفًا حتَّى أسفَرَ جِدًّا، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ قَبلَ أنْ تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، وأردَفَ الفَضلَ بنَ عباسِ (^١)، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2139>بابُ التَّغليسِ بصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ</span>\n\n٩٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ يَعنِى ابنَ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمارَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣، وهو في الصغرى (١٦٦٤) من طريق الوراق وحده، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان عن ابن أبي شيبة به. النسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٥٣) من طريق حاتم به وتقدم من طريق حاتم مطولا في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":97},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلَّى صَلاةً بغَيرِ ميقاتِها إلَّا صَلاتَينِ؛ جَمَعَ بَينَ المَغرِبِ والعِشاءِ بجَمعٍ، وصَلَّى الفَجرَ قَبلَ ميقاتِها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2140>بابُ الدَّفعِ مِنَ المُزدَلِفَةِ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ</span>\n\n٩٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بجَمعٍ بعدَ ما صَلَّى الصُّبحَ وقَفَ فقالَ: إنَّ المُشرِكينَ كانوا لا يُفيضونَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ ويَقولونَ: أَشرِقْ ثَبيرُ. وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خالَفَهُم فأفاضَ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قوله: قبل ميقاتها. معناه أنه صلى الفجر قبل الوقت المعتاد أن يصليها فيه، لا قبل طلوع الفجر؛ لأن هذا غير جائز بالإجماع. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ٣٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٣٧)، وأبو داود (١٩٣٤)، والنسائي (٣٠٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٥٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٦٦)، ومسلم (١٢٨٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٥٨)، والترمذي (٨٩٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٤٧) من طريق شعبه به. وأبو داود (١٩٣٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٥٩)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٨٤).","vol":"10","page":98},{"text":"٩٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ الحافظُ إملاءً مِن حِفظِه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ ﵀، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ قال: قال لِى أيّوبُ ونَحنُ ههُنا: اذهَبْ بنا إلَى خِباءِ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ؛ فإِنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّه أمَرَ النّاسَ ألَّا يَنفِروا مِن جَمعٍ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ. قال مَعمَرٌ: فذَهَبتُ مَعَ أيّوبَ حَتَّى أتَينا فُسطاطَه، فإِذا عِندَه قَومٌ مِنَ العَلَويَّةِ وهو يَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَهُم، فلَمّا بَصُرَ بأيّوبَ قامَ فخَرَجَ مِن فُسطاطِه حَتَّى اعتَنَقَ أيّوبَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ بيَدِه فحَوَّلَه إلَى فُسطاطٍ آخَرَ. قال مَعمَرٌ: كَرِهَ أن يُجلِسَه مَعَهُم. قال: ثُمَّ دَعا بطَبَقٍ مِن تَمرٍ، فجَعَلَ يُناوِلُ أيّوبَ في يَدِه، ثُمَّ قال: اذهَبوا إلَى هَؤُلاءِ بطَبَقٍ؛ فإِنّا إنْ بَعَثْنا إلَيهِم تَرَكونا وإِلَّا شَنَّعوا عَلَينا. فقالَ له أيّوبُ: ما هذا الَّذِى بَلَغَنِى عَنكَ؟ قال: وما بَلَغَكَ عَنِّى؟ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ أمَرتَ النّاسَ ألَّا يَدفَعوا مِن جَمعٍ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ. فقالَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! خِلافُ سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدٍ اللهِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - دَفَعَ مِن جَمعٍ قَبلَ أنْ تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، ولَكِنَّ النّاسَ يَحمِلونَ عَلَينا ويَروونَ عَنّا ما لا نَقولُ، ويَزعُمونُ أنَّ عِندَنا عِلمًا لَيسَ عِندَ النّاسِ، واللهِ إنَّ عِندَ بَعضِ النّاسِ لَعِلمًا لَيسَ عِندَنا، ولَكِنْ لَنا حَقٌّ وقَرابَةٌ. فلَم يَزَلْ يَذكُرُ مِن حَقِّهِم وقَرابَتِهِم حَتَّى رأيتُ الدَّمعَ يَجرِى مِن عَينِ أيّوبَ (^١).\n\n٩٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٥٤) من طريق جعفر به مقتصرًا على ذكر المرفوع. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٦٠).","vol":"10","page":99},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ العَيْشِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ - ﵁ - قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإنَّ أهلَ الشِّركِ والأوثانِ كانوا يَدفَعونَ مِن ههُنا عِندَ غُروبِ الشَّمسِ حَتَّى تَكونَ الشَّمسُ على رُءوسِ الجِبالِ مِثلَ عَمائمِ الرِّجالِ على رُءوسِها، هَديُنا مُخالِفٌ هَديَهُم، وكانوا يَدفَعونَ مِنَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ عِند طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ على رُءوسِ الجِبالِ مِثلَ عَمائمِ الرِّجالِ على رُءوسِها، هَديُنا مُخالِفٌ لِهَديِهِم\" (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ فقالَ: \"هذا يَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبَرِ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما بَعدَه بمَعناه مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n٩٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَرْبوعٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ الحُوَيرِثِ قال: رأيتُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - واقِفًا على قُزَحَ وهو يقولُ: أيُّها النّاسُ أصبِحوا، أيُّها\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"العنسى\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٧ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٤ (٢٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن المبارك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٥١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٣٢٤ من طريق ابن إدريس به. وعند ابن جرير بذكر: \"هذا يوم الحج الأكبر\". ولم يذكر ما بعده.","vol":"10","page":100},{"text":"النّاسُ أصبِحوا. ثُمَّ دَفَعَ، فإِنِّى لأنظُرُ إلَى فخِذِه قَدِ انكَشَفَت، مِمّا يَحرِشُ (^١) بَعيرَه بمِحجَنِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2141>بابُ الإيضاعِ في وادِى مُحَسِّرٍ</span>\n\n٩٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: حَتَّى إذا أتَى مُحَسِّرًا حَرَّكَ قَليلًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي (^٤) شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n٩٦٠٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَفصٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) حرش البعير بالعصا: أي حك ظهره بالعصا ليسرع. ينظر المعجم الوسيط ١/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٦٧)، وجزء سفيان بن عيينة (١)، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٢/ ٢١٣، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٠٥٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٢٢ حتى قوله: ثم دفع.\nوفى جزء سفيان: عن ابن المنكدر عن عبد الرحمن بن يربوع. وعند الشافعي: عن محمد بن المنكدر وعن سعيد بن عبد الرحمن بن يربوع عن أبي الحويرث.\nقال ابن سعد: هكذا قال سفيان بن عيينة: سعيد بن عبد الرحمن بن يربوع. وهذا وهل وغلط في نسبه؛ إنما هو عبد الرحمن بن سعيد بن يربوع المخزومى. ينظر الطبقات الكبرى ٥/ ٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٤٣٩.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"10","page":101},{"text":"قَبيصَةُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا يوسُفُ القاضِى ومُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وعَلَيه السَّكينَةُ، وأمَرَهُم بالسَّكينَةِ، وأوضَعَ في وادِى مُحَسِّرٍ، وأمَرَهُم أن يَرموا الجِمارَ مِثلَ حَصَى الخَذْفِ، وقالَ: \"خُذوا عَنِّى مَناسِكَكُم لَعَلِّى لا أراكُم بَعدَ عامِى هذا\" (^١).\n\n٩٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أفاضَ مِن جَمعٍ حَتَّى أتَى مُحَسِّرًا فقَرعَ (^٢) ناقَتَه، حَتَّى جاوَزَ الوادِىَ فوَقَفَ، ثُمَّ أردَفَ الفَضلَ، ثُمَّ أتَى الجَمرَةَ فرَماها (^٣).\n\n٩٦٠٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٨٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٢١) من طريق أبي نعيم به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٢) من طريق قبيصة به. وأبو داود (١٩٤٤) عن ابن كثير به. وأحمد (١٥٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٣)، من طريق سفيان به مطولًا ومقتصرًا على ذكر الشاهد. وسيأتي في (٩٦٣٠).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"ففرغ\"، وفى ص ٤، م: \"ففزع\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. والقرع: الضرب بالسوط. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٤٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢)، والترمذي (٨٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٩) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأسدى به، وليس عند ابن خزيمة ذكر الشاهد. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":102},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ وهو ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ قال: وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ أبا مَعبَدٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ العباسِ يُحَدِّثُ عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لما كان يَومُ عَرَفَةَ والفَضلُ رَديفُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، والنّاسُ كَثيرٌ حَولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا كَثُرَ النّاسُ قُلتُ: سَيُحَدِّثُنِى الفَضلُ عَمّا صَنَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال الفَضلُ: دَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ودَفَعَ النّاسُ مَعَه، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُمسِكُ بزِمامِ بَعيرِه، وجَعَلَ يُنادِى النّاسَ: \"عَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةَ\". فلَمّا بَلَغَ المُزدَلِفَةَ نَزَلَ فصَلَّى المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ جَميعًا، حَتَّى إذا طَلَعَ الفَجرُ صَلَّى الصُّبحَ، ثُمَّ وقَفَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ عِندَ المَشعَرِ الحَرامِ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ ودَفَعَ النّاسُ مَعَه يُمسِكُ برأسِ بَعيرِه، وجَعَلَ يقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، عَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةَ\". حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ مُحَسِّرًا أوضَعَ شَيئًا وجَعَلَ يقولُ: \"عَلَيكُم بحَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ عن أخيهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٧٥ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو الشيخ في جزء أحاديث أبي الزبير عن غير جابر (١٢٩، ١٣٠) من طريق أيوب بن سليمان بدون ذكر العباس، وينظر ما سيأتي في (٩٦٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٣٧١)، والطبراني ١٨/ ٢٧٣ (٦٩٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أويس به.","vol":"10","page":103},{"text":"الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ مُعاذِ بنِ المُستَهِلِّ المَعروفُ بدُرّانَ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي مَسلَمَةُ بنُ قَعنَبٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يُوضِعُ ويَقولُ:\nإلَيكَ تَغدو (^١) قَلِقًا وضينُها ... مُخالِفٌ دينَ النَّصارَى دينُها (^٢)\nوكانَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ يُوضِعُ أشَدَّ الإيضاعِ، أخَذَه عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، يَعنِى الإيضاعَ في وادِى مُحَسِّرٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُحَرِّكُ راحِلَتَه في بَطنِ مُحَسِّرٍ قَدرَ رَميَةٍ بحَجَرٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"تعدو\". وينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٠٣.\n(^٢) الوضين: بطان منسوج بعضه على بعض يشد به الرحل على البعير كالحزام للسرج. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٩٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٧٧) من طريق هشام به بدون ذكر الشعر. والشافعي ٢/ ٢١٣، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٧٢) من طريق هشام بدون ذكر المسور بن محزمة، ولم يذكر فعل ابن الزبير إلا ابن أبي شيبة في الموضع الأخير.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٩٢.","vol":"10","page":104},{"text":"كانَت إذا نفَرَتْ غَداةَ المُزدَلِفَةِ فإِذا جاءت بَطنَ مُحَسِّرٍ قالَت لِى: ازجُرِى الدّابَّةَ وارفَعِيها. قالَت: فزَجَرتُها يَومًا، فوَقَعَتِ الدَّابَّةُ على يَدَيها وعَلَيها الهَودَجُ، ثُمَّ زَجَرتُها الثّانيَةَ فرَفَعَها اللهُ فلَم يَضُرَّها شَيئًا، وكانَت تَرفَعُ دابَّتَها حَتَّى تَقطَعَ بَطنَ مُحَسِّرٍ وتَدخُلَ بَطنَ مِنًى (^١).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢) وحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ (^٣) - ﵃ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2142>بابُ مَن لَم يَستَحِبَّ الإيضاعَ</span>\n\n٩٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن كَثيرِ ينِ شِنْظِيرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما كان بَدءُ الإيضاعِ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ؛ كانوا يَقِفونَ حافَتَىِ النّاسِ، قَد عَلَّقوا القِعابَ (^٤) والعِصِىَّ، فإِذا أفاضوا تَقَعقَعوا (^٥)، فأنفَرَت بالنّاسِ، فلَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وإِنَّ ذِفرَىْ ناقَتِه لَتَمَسُّ حارِكَها (^٦) وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، عَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٦٧)، وأخبار مكة للفاكهى (٢٦٨٧).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٦٩).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٧١).\n(^٤) القعب: إناء ضخم كالقصعة، والجمع: قعاب وأقعب. المصباح المنير ص ١٩٤ (ق ع ب).\n(^٥) تقعقع: أي تحرك وتضطرب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٦) الحارك: أعلى الكاهل. التاج ٢٧/ ١١٠ (ح ر ك).\n(^٧) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦٥، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٣) من طريق أبي النعمان من قول عطاء وفى آخره: وربما كان يذكره عن ابن عباس. وأحمد (٢١٩٣) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"10","page":105},{"text":"٩٦٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَيانٍ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الأعمَشُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى قَولِه: حَتَّى أتَى جَمعًا. قال: ثُمَّ أردَفَ الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ وقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ البِرَّ لَيسَ بإيجافِ الخَيلِ والإِبِلِ، فعَلَيكُم بالسَّكينَةِ\". فما رأيتُها رافِعَةً يَدَيها حَتَّى أتَى مِنًى (^١).\n\n٩٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى عَزْرَةُ، أنَّ الشَّعبِىَّ حَدَّثَه. وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه أفاضَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفَةَ، فلَم تَرفَعْ راحِلَتُه رِجلَيها عادِيَةً حَتَّى بَلَغَ جَمعًا. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان رَديفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﵁ - مِن جَمعٍ، فلَم تَرفَعْ راحِلَتُه رِجلَيها عادِيَةً حَتَّى رَمَى الجَمرَةَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وتقدم في (٩٥٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٩) من طريق همام به. وعنده: \"غادية\". بدلا من: \"عادية\". وذكر محققوه أنها في بعض النسخ \"عادية\". وعنده: \"حتى رمى الجمرة\". بدلًا من: \"جمعا\" في الرواية الأولى، و\"جمعًا\" بدلًا من: \"حتى رمى الجمرة\" في الرواية الثانية.","vol":"10","page":106},{"text":"وفِي رِوايَةِ عَفّانَ، أنَّ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - حَدَّثَ، أنَّه كان رَديفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَشيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ، فلَمّا أفاضَ. وقالَ في الحَديثِ الثّانِى: إنَّ الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ حَدَّثَه.\nورُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ اليَمانِى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هَكَذا، وكانَ يُنكِرُ الإيضاعَ (^١)، وعن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّما أحدَثَ هَؤُلاءِ الإسراعَ يُريدونَ أن يَفوتوا الغُبارَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا الإيضاعَ في وادِى مُحَسِّرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣)، ثُمَّ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - (^٤)، والقَولُ في مِثلِ هذا قَولُ مَن أثبَتَ دونَ قَولِ مَن نَفَى، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2143>بابُ أخذِ الحَصَى لِرَمىِ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةَ وكَيفيَّةِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٩٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعي في المسند (٩٢٩ - شفاء العى) - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٥١). وعند الشافعي مقتصرًا على المرفوع.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٣٠٥١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٥٩٩ - ٩٦٠٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٦٠٣ - ٩٦٠٥).","vol":"10","page":107},{"text":"مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ وكانَ رَديفَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قال في عَشيَّةِ عَرَفَةَ وغَداةِ جَمعٍ لِلنّاسِ حينَ دَفَعُوا: \"عَلَيكُمُ السَّكينَةَ\". وهو كافٌّ ناقَتَه، حَتَّى إذا دَخَلَ مُحَسِّرًا - وهو مِن مِنًى - قال: \"عَلَيكُم بحَصَى الخَذْفِ الَّذِى تُرمَى به الجَمرَةُ\". وقالَ: لَم يَزَلْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى الجَمرَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي العاليَةِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَداةَ يَومِ النَّحرِ: \"هاتِ فالقُطْ لِى حَصًى\". فلَقَطتُ له حَصَياتٍ مِثلَ حَصَى الخَذْفِ، فوَضَعتُهُنَّ في يَدِه فقالَ: \"بأَمثالِ هَؤُلاءِ، بأَمثالِ هَؤُلاءِ، وإيّاكُم والغُلوَّ؛ فإِنَّما أهلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُمُ الغُلوُّ في الدّينِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٢٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٢) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٨٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٥٥) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٨٢/ ٢٦٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥١)، والنسائي (٣٠٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٧)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧١) من طريق عوف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (٢٨٦٣).","vol":"10","page":108},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَهَم أنْ يَرموا بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ (^١).\n\n٩٦١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَمَى الجَمرَةَ بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٦١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يُعَلِّمُ النّاسَ مَناسِكَهُم وقالَ: \"ارموا الجَمرَةَ بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^٤).\n\n٩٦١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٤٤) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٥٢٠٧)، والترمذي (٨٨٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٢) من طريق سفيان به، وليس عند ابن خزيمة موضع الشاهد. وتقدم في (٩٦٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٦٠)، والترمذي (٨٩٧)، والنسائي (٣٠٧٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٩٩/ ٣١٣).\n(^٤) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٣٣)، وعنه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٠٧٥).","vol":"10","page":109},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الأعرَجُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاذٍ التَّيمِىِّ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ بمِنًى. قال: ففُتِحَت أسماعُنا حَتَّى إن كُنّا لَنَسمَعُ ما يقولُ ونَحنُ في مَنازِلِنا. قال: فطَفِقَ يُعَلِّمُنا مَناسِكَنا حَتَّى بَلَغَ الجِمارَ، فقالَ: \"بحَصَى الخَذْفِ\". ووَضَعَ إِصبَعَيه السَّبّابَتَينِ إحداهُما على الأُخرَى. قال: وأمَرَ المُهاجِرينَ أنْ يَنزِلوا في مُقَدَّمِ المَسجِدِ، وأمَرَ الأنصارَ فنَزَلوا مِن وراءِ المَسجِدِ، ثُمَّ نَزَل النّاسُ بَعدُ (^١).\n\n٩٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هانِئٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الأحوَصِ، عن أُمِّه أُمِّ جُندُبٍ قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ مِن بَطنِ الوادِى ورَجُلٌ مِن خَلفِه يَقيه الحِجارَةَ، وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا يَقتُلْ بَعضُكُم بَعَضًا، وإِذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ فارمُوا بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٦١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٧٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٥٧)، والنسائي (٢٩٩٦) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وسيأتي في (٩٦٩٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢٤).\n(^٢) ينظر تعقيب المصنف على الحديث التالى، وينظر علل الدارقطني (٤١٢٢).","vol":"10","page":110},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الأحوَصِ الأزدِىِّ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وهو في بَطنِ الوادِى وهو يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا يَقتُلْ بَعضُكُم بَعْضًا، وإِذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ فارمُوا بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^١).\n\n٩٦١٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن أبي يَزيدَ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ - يَعنِى عن أُمِّ جُندُبٍ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، لا تَقتُلوا أنفُسَكُم عِندَ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ، وعَلَيكُم بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^٢). قال الحَجّاجُ: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: حَصَى الخَذْفِ مِثلُ طَرَفِ الإصبَعِ.\nلَم يُثبِتْ شَيخُنا أُمَّ جُندُبٍ. وهِىَ أُمُّ جُندُبٍ، قالَه أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ. قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سألتُ البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحَديثِ، فقالَ: أُمُّه اسمُها أُمُّ جُندُبٍ. قُلتُ: فحَديثُ الحَجّاجِ؟ قال: أُرَى أنّ الحَجّاجَ أخَذَه عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، وأظُنُّه هو حَديثَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرٍو عن أُمِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٥٤)، وجزء سفيان بن عيينة (٣١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧١١٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٣١) من طريق يزيد به. وسيأتي في (٩٦٣٢، ٩٦٣٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١١٠) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) لم نجده في علل الترمذي، وينظر مسند أحمد ٢٨/ ٢٦١، ٤٥/ ٧٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٣٣٦، والإصابة ١٤/ ٣١٤.","vol":"10","page":111},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَرمِى الجِمارَ مِثلَ بَعْرِ الغَنَمِ.\nورُوِّينا عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يأخذُ الحَصَى مِن جَمعٍ كَراهيَةَ أن يَنزِلَ (^١). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ومَن حَيثُ أخَذَ أجزأه، إلَّا، أنِّى أكرَهُه مِنَ المَسجِدِ لِئَلَّا يُخرَجَ حَصَى المَسجِدِ مِنه، ومَنِ الحُشِّ لِنَجاسَتِه، ومِنَ الجَمرَةِ؛ لأنَّه حَصًى غَيرُ مُتَقَبَّلٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا: \"إنَّ الحَصَى يُناشِدُ الَّذِى يُخرِجُه مِنَ المَسجِدِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٦١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ سَعدٍ السَّمّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الحَصَى الَّذِى يُرمَى في الجِمارِ مُنذُ قامَ الإسلامُ، فقالَ: ما تُقُبِّلَ مِنهُم رُفِعَ، وما لَم يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنهُم تُرِكَ، ولَولا ذَلِكَ لَسَدَّ ما بَينَ الجَبَلَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٩٦٢٢).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٣٧١) موقوفًا. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٦٠) من طريق أبي صالح مرفوعًا.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٨٠: القرشي هو الكديمى، هالك.","vol":"10","page":112},{"text":"٩٦٢٠ - ورُوِّينا عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وُكِّلَ به مَلَكٌ، ما تُقُبِّلَ مِنه رَفعَ، وما لَم يُتَقَبَّلْ ترَكَ (^١).\n\n٩٦٢١ - وعن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ العَبسِىُّ، عن ابنِ أبي نُعمٍ قال: سألتُ أبا سعيدٍ عن رَمىِ الجِمارِ فقالَ لِى: ما تُقُبِّلَ مِنه رُفِعَ، ولَولا ذَلِكَ كان أطوَلَ مِن ثَبيرٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنِى بهَذَين الأثَرَين أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَهُما.\n\n٩٦٢٢ - وذَكَرَ حَديثَ سُفيانَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يأخُذُ الحَصَى مِن جَمعٍ كَراهيَةَ أن يَنزِلَ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ حَديثُ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ مَرفوعًا مِن وجهٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n٩٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَملِى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٦٤٩) من طريق أزهر به. والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٧٦ من طريق ابن خثيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٥٥٦) من طريق أبي الطفيل به، وعندهما سوى الموضع الثاني من أخبار مكة بلفظ حديث أبي سعيد الآتى.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٦٥٠)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٧٧ من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به وعندهما دون قوله: ولولا ذلك كان أطول من ثبير.","vol":"10","page":113},{"text":"ابنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، عن أبيه أبي سعيدٍ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذه الأحجارُ التي يُرمَى بها يُحمَلُ فيُحسَبُ أنَّها تَنقَعِرُ. قال: \"إنَّه ما تُقُبِّلَ مِنها يُرفَعُ، ولَولا ذَلِكَ لَرأيتَها مِثلَ الجِبالِ\" (^١). يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ في الحَديثِ (^٢).\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2144>بابُ إتيانِ مِنًى، ولا يُعَرِّجُ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ</span>\n\n٩٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ سَلَكَ الطَريقَ الوُسطَى التي تُخرِجُكَ على الجَمرَةِ الكُبرَى حَتَّى أتَى الجَمرَةَ التي عِندَ المَسجِدِ، فرَمَى بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ - يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ مِنها - مِثلَ حَصَى الخَذْفِ، رَمَى مِن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٦. وليس في إسناده: زيد بن أبي أنيسة. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (١٧٥٠)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٣٠٠ من طريق سعيد بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) هو يزيد بن سنان الرهاوى، أبو فروة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٣٧، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٦٦، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٠٦، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٢٠٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٥٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٦٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٣٤٧٩) من حديث ابن عمر بلفظ: سأل رجل النبي - ﷺ - عن رمى الجمار.","vol":"10","page":114},{"text":"بَطنِ الوادِى ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ إلَى النَّحرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2145>بابُ رَمىِ الجَمرَةِ مِن بَطنِ الوادِى، وكَيفيَّةِ الوُقوفِ لِلرَّمىِ</span>\n\n٩٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مِنجابُ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَجّاجَ بنَ يوسُفَ يقولُ وهو يَخطُبُ على المِنبَرِ: ألِّفوا (^٣) القُرآنَ كما ألَّفَه جِبريلُ ﵇؛ السّورَةُ التي تُذكَرُ فيها البَقَرَةُ، والسّورَةُ التي تُذكَرُ فيها النِّساءُ، والسّورَةُ التي يُذكَرُ فيها آلُ عِمرانَ. قال: فلَقِيتُ إبراهيمَ فأخبَرتُه بقَولِه، فسَبَّه، ثُمَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ أنَّه كان مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فأتَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ فاستَبطَنَ الوادِىَ (^٤)، فاستَعرَضَها فرَماها مِن بَطنِ الوادِى بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنَّ النّاسَ\n_________\n(^١) في مصادر التخريج: \"المنحر\". والحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣ - ٤٣٧، وهو في الصغرى (١٦٦٤) من طريق الوراق وحده. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨)، والنسائي (٣٠٥٤، ٣٠٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٤) من طريق حاتم به، وعندهما: \"الشجرة،\". بدلًا من: \"المسجد\". وتقدم مطولًا في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) المقصود بتأليف القرآن هنا: إما ترتيب سوره على ما هي عليه، وإما ترتيب آيات كل سورة، ورجح القاض عياض الثاني. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ٤٣، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٤) استبطن الوادى: أي قصد بطن الوادي ووقف في وسطه. تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ١٠٥.","vol":"10","page":115},{"text":"يَرمونَها مِن فوقِها. فقالَ: هذا والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه مَقامُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مِنجابِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: لما انتَهَينا إلَى الجَمرَةِ الكُبرَى جَعَلَ البَيتَ عن يَسارِه ومِنًى عن يَمينِه، ورَمَى الجَمرَةَ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، وقالَ: هَكَذا رَمَى الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الرّوذبارِىِّ: قال: حَجَجْتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ، فلَمّا أتَى مِنًى جَعَلَ مِنًى عن يَمينِه، والبَيتَ عن يَسارِه، ورَمَى الجَمرَةَ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، وقالَ: هذا مَقامُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ أبي عُمَرَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٣٥٩)، والنسائي (٣٠٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وليس عند أحمد وابن حبان قصة سماع الأعمش من الحجاج، وإنما روايته مباشرة عن إبراهيم.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٥٠)، ومسلم (١٢٩٦/ ٣٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٧٤) عن أبي عمر به. وأحمد (٣٩٤١)، والنسائي (٣٠٧١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٠) من طريق شعبة به. وعند النسائي: \"وعرفة عن يمينه\".","vol":"10","page":116},{"text":"عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٩٦٢٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرْمَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه قال: أفَضتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ مِن جَمعٍ، فما زالَ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ، فاستَبطَنَ الوادِىَ ثُمَّ قال: يا ابنَ أخِى، ناوِلْنِى سَبعَةَ أحجارٍ. فرَماها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ قال: اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْه حَجًّا مَبرُورًا، وذَنبًا مَغفورًا. ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"البَقَرَةِ\" صَنَعَ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُكَيمِ بنِ الأزهَرِ المَدَنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى زَيدٌ أبو أُسامَةَ قال: رأيتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ، استَبطَنَ الوادِىَ، ثُمَّ رَمَى الجَمرَةَ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْه حَجًّا مَبرورًا، وذَنبًا مَغفورًا، وعَمَلًا مَشكورًا. فسألتُه عَمّا صَنَعَ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى أبي أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ في هذا المَكانِ، ويَقولُ كُلَّما رَمَى بحَصاةٍ مِثلَ ما قُلتُ. عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُكَيمٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٤٨)، ومسلم (١٢٩٦/ ٣٠٧، ٣٠٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٩٨٢٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٩٦)، وليس عنده ذكر التلبية. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٦١) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"10","page":117},{"text":"ضَعيفٌ (^١)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2146>بابُ رَمىِ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ راكِبًا</span>\n\n٩٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمِ بنِ حَسّانَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَرمِى الجِمارَ على راحِلَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ على راحِلَتِه يَومَ النَّحرِ، ويَقولُ: \"لِتأخُذوا مَناسِكَكُم، فإِنِّى لا أدرِى لَعَلِّى لا أحُجُّ بَعدَ حَجَّتِى هذه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٢٠١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٤٩). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٧٧) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وأحمد (١٤٤١٩) - وعنه أبو داود (١٩٧٠) - والنسائي (٣٠٦٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٦٠٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٩٧/ ٣١٠).","vol":"10","page":118},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، عن مَعقِلٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ الحُصَينِ، قال: سَمِعتُها تَقولُ: حَجَجْتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ، فرأيتُه حين رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ وانصَرَف وهو على راحِلَتِه، ومَعَه بلالٌ وأُسامَةُ، أحَدُهُما يَقودُ به راحِلَتَه، والآخَرُ رافِعٌ ثَوبَه على رأسِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الشَّمسِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الأحوَصِ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ راكِبًا ووَراءَه رَجُلٌ يَستُرُه مِن رَمىِ النّاسِ، فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا يَقتُلْ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا، ومَن رَمَى الجَمرَةَ فليَرمِها بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\". قالَت: ورأيتُ بَينَ أصابِعِه حَجَرًا. قالَت: فرَمَى ورَمَى النّاسُ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا جَدِّى علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الأحوَصِ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٢٦٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٩٨/ ٣١١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٣، ٤٤٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٦٧) من طريق عبيدة به، دون قول النبي - ﷺ -. وتقدم في (٩٦١٥، ٩٦١٦).","vol":"10","page":119},{"text":"يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ مِن بَطنِ الوادِى وهو راكِبٌ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، ورَجُلٌ مِن خَلفِه يَستُرُه، فسألتُ عن الرَّجُلِ، فقالوا: الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ. وازدَحَمَ النّاسُ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا يَقتُلْ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا، وإِذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ فارمُوا بمِثلِ حَصَى الخَذْفِ\" (^١).\n\n٩٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا أيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ. وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبِى عمرٍو قِراءَةً عَلَيهِما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ وأبو نُعَيمٍ وأبو عاصِمٍ، عن أيمَنَ بنِ نابِلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قُدامَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَمّارٍ الكِلابِىَّ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ يَومَ النَّحرِ على ناقَةٍ صَهباءَ، لا طَرْدَ ولا ضَرْبَ، ولا: إلَيكَ إلَيكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2147>بابُ استِحبابِ النُّزولِ في الرَّمىِ في اليَومَينِ الآخِرَينِ</span>\n\n٩٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ موسَى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٦٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٢٨، ٣٠٣١) من طريق على بن مسهر به، وليس عنده في الموضع الثاني قول النبي - ﷺ -. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٦ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤١٠)، والترمذي (٩٠٣)، والنسائي (٣٠٦١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٣٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٧٨) من طريق أيمن به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٤٥٩).","vol":"10","page":120},{"text":"الأشيَبُ، حدثنا العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَرمِى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ وهو راكِبٌ، يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ.\n\n٩٦٣٦ - وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: كان إذا كان هذه الأيّامُ - يَعنِى أيّامَ التَّشريقِ - أتاها ماشيًا ذاهِبًا وراجِعًا، وذَكَرَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كانَ يَفعَلُه.\n\n٩٦٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرْفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يأتِى الجِمارَ في الأيّامِ الثَّلاثَةِ بعدَ يَومِ النَّحرِ ماشيًا ذاهِبًا وراجِعًا، ويُخبِرُهُم أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٩٦٣٨ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ \"السنن\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيه وعَمِّه، ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: في الأيّامِ الثَّلاثَةِ (^٣).\nولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ الأشيَبِ أيضًا تَنصيصٌ على الثَّلاثَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٦٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٠٠) من طريق عبيد الله - وهو عم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله - به. قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٨٢: عبد الرحمن تركوه.","vol":"10","page":121},{"text":"وقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يُشبِهُ إذ رَمَى يَومَ النَّحرِ راكِبًا لاتِّصالِ رُكوبِه مِنَ المُزدَلِفَةِ أن يَرمِىَ يَومَ النَّفْرِ راكِبًا لاتِّصالِ رُكوبِه بالصَّدَرِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ:\n\n٩٦٣٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: رَمىُ الجِمارِ رُكوبُ يَومَينِ ومَشىُ يَومَينِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: فإِن صَحَّ حَديثُ العُمَرِىِّ كان أولَى بالاتِّباعِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٩٦٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النّاسَ كانوا إذا رَمَوُا الجِمارَ مَشَوا ذاهِبينَ وراجِعينَ، وأوَّلُ مَن رَكِبَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبي سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٠٥٢) مختصرًا.\n(^٢) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد في العلل (٥١٣٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٩١٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط). وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٦٤٧) من طريق مالك عن عبد الرحمن من قوله، وليس فيه: عن أبيه.","vol":"10","page":122},{"text":"ابنُ نافِعٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أن يَركَبَ إلَى شَئٍ مِنَ الجِمارِ إلَّا مِن ضَرورَةٍ (^١).\nكَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى، وقَد سَقَطَ مِن إسنادِه بَينَ إبراهيمَ وعَطاءٍ رَجُلٌ، ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ أصَحُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2148>بابُ الوَقتِ المُختارِ لِرَمىِ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ</span>\n\n٩٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ أوَّلَ يَومٍ ضُحًى وهِىَ واحِدَةٌ، وأمّا بعدَ ذَلِكَ فبَعدَ زَوالِ الشَّمسِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٩٠٩) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٠٧)، والدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٣، وابن وهب (١٠٣)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٠٥٣) وليس عنده ابن لهيعة. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٧١) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وأحمد أيضًا (١٤٤٣٥) - وعنه أبو داود (١٩٧١) - والترمذي (٨٩٤)، والنسائي (٣٠٦٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٦٨)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتي في (٩٧٤٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٩٩).","vol":"10","page":123},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدَّمَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ المُزدَلِفَةِ - أُغَيلِمَةَ بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - فجَعَلَ يَلطَحُ (^١) أفخاذَنا بيَدِه ويَقولُ: \"أىْ أُبَينِىَّ، لا تَرمُوا حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٦٤٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهرانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتينا - أُغَيلِمَةَ بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - وحَمَلَنا على حُمُراتِنا، ولَطَحَ أفخاذَنا، ثُمَّ قال: \"لا تَرمُوا الجَمرَةَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، ولا أظُنُّ أحَدًا يَرميها حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَرمُوا الجَمرَةَ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ\" (^٤).\n\n٩٦٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ\n_________\n(^١) اللطح: الضرب بباطن الكف ليس بالشديد. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٢٨، ١٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٤٠)، والنسائي (٣٠٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٩) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٢٥) من طريق سلمة بن كهيل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٠٣)، والترمذي (٨٩٣) من طريق الحكم به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":124},{"text":"المِهرَجانِىُّ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى كُرَيبٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يأمُرُ نِساءَه وثَقَلَه مِن صَبيحَةِ جَمعٍ أنْ يُفيضوا مَعَ أوَّلِ الفَجرِ بسَوادٍ، وألَّا يَرموا الجَمرَةَ إلَّا مُصبِحينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2149>بابُ مَن أجازَ رَميَها بعدَ نِصفِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n٩٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ مَولَى أسماءَ، عن أسماءَ، أنَّها نَزَلَت لَيلَةَ جَمعٍ عِندَ دارِ المُزدَلِفَةِ، فقامَت تُصَلِّى فصَلَّت ثُمَّ قالَت: يا بُنَىَّ، هَل غابَ القَمَرُ؟ قُلتُ: لا. فصَلَّت ساعَةً، ثُمَّ قالَت: يا بُنَىَّ، هَل غابَ القَمَرُ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَت: فارتَحِلوا. فارتَحَلنا، فمَضَينا حَتَّى رَمَتِ الجَمرَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَت فصَلَّتِ الصُّبحَ في مَنزِلِها، فقُلتُ لها: أَىْ هَنْتَاهُ (^٢)، ما أُرانا إلَّا قَد غَلَّسنا (^٣). قالَت: كَلَّا يا بُنَىَّ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لِلظُّعُنِ (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢١٦، وفى شرح المشكل (٣٥٠٣) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به.\n(^٢) أي هنتاه: أي يا هذه، أو: يا شيء. كناية عن كل ما يكنى عنه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٣) غلسنا: أي تقدمنا على الوقت المشروع. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ٤٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٤) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":125},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^١).\n\n٩٦٤٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ مَولَى أسماءَ قال: قالَت أسماءُ وهِىَ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ: هَل غابَ القَمَرُ؟ قُلتُ: لا. فصَلَّت ساعَةً، ثُمَّ قالَت: يا بُنَىَّ هَل غابَ القَمَرُ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَت: ارحَلْ بى. فارتَحَلْنا حَتَّى رَمَتِ الجَمرَةَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّت في مَنزِلِها، فقُلتُ لها: أىْ هَنْتَاه، لَقَد غَلَّسْنا. قالَت: كَلَّا، إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لِلظُّعُنِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ قال: أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ عن أسماءَ - ﵂ - أنَّها رَمَتِ الجَمرَةَ، قُلتُ: إنّا رَمَينا الجَمرَةَ بلَيلٍ؟ قالَت: إنّا كُنّا نَصنَعُ هذا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n٩٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ (^٥) بنِ الجُنَيدِ المالِكِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٧٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٩١/ ٢٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٩١/. . . .) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٦٤)، وأبو داود (١٩٤٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧١٢).\n(^٥) في ص ٤: \"الحسن\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٤١/ ٣٥٤.","vol":"10","page":126},{"text":"قال: حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأُمِّ سلمةَ لَيلَةَ النَّحرِ، فرَمَتِ الجَمرَةَ قَبلَ الفَجرِ، ثُمَّ مَضَت فأفاضَت، وكانَ ذَلِكَ اليَومَ الَّذِى يَكونُ عِندَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n٩٦٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، عن داودَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَطّارِ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىِّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: دارَ (^٣) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أُمِّ سلمةَ يَومَ النَّحرِ، فأمَرَها أن تُعَجِّلَ الإفاضَةَ مِن جَمعٍ حَتَّى تأتِىَ مَكَّةَ فتُصلِّىَ بها الصُّبحَ، وكانَ يَومَها فأحَبَّ أنْ تُوافِقَه (^٤).\n\n٩٦٥٣ - قال: وحدَّثَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: أخبرَنِي مَن أثِقُ به مِنَ المَشرِقيِّينَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ - ﵂ -، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٧٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٩ وصححه.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٦٣)، وأبو داود (١٩٤٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٢٣).\n(^٣) دار إليها: من الدوران، ومعناه دخل عليها. ينظر عمدة القارى ٢٠/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٤٠، ٣٠٥٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١٣. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٥٢٣) من طريق الدراوردى به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢١٨، وشرح المشكل (٣٥٢١، ٣٥٢٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"10","page":127},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه في الإملاءِ، ورَواه في المُختَصَرِ الكَبيرِ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: حَتَّى تَرمِىَ الجَمرَةَ وتوافِىَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ بمَكَّةَ، وكانَ يَومَها، فأحَبَّ أن تُوافِقَه، أو: تُوافِيَه. وقالَ في الإِسنادِ الثّانِى: أخبرَنِى الثِّقَةُ، عن هِشامٍ.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢)، وكأنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀ أخَذَه مِن أبي مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرِ، وقَد رَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٩٦٥٤ - حَدَّثَناه كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَها أنْ توافِىَ صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ يَومَ النَّحرِ بمَكَّةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2150>بابُ نَحرِ الهَدىِ بعدَ رَمىِ الجِمارِ</span>\n\n٩٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٤١)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٥٦٨ (٩٢٥ - شفاء العى).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٥٨)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٢)، وأبو يعلى (٧٠٠٠) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٦٤: رجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"10","page":128},{"text":"جابِرٍ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ رَمىَ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ، قال: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ إلَى المَنحَرِ، فنَحَرَ ثَلاثًا وسِتّينَ بَدَنَةً، وأعطَى عَليًّا - ﵁ - فنَحَرَ ما غَبَرَ وأشرَكَه في هَديِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ مِن كُلِّ بَدَلةٍ ببَضْعَةٍ، فجُعِلَت في قِدرٍ فطُبِخَت، فأكَلَا مِن لَحمِها وشَرِبا مِن مَرَقِها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2151>بابُ الحَلقِ والتَّقصيرِ واختيارِ الحَلقِ على التَّقصيرِ</span>\n\n٩٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: حَلَقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: حَلَقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وحَلَقَ طائفَةٌ مِن أصحابِه وقَصَّرَ بَعضُهُم، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رَحِمَ اللهُ المُحَلِّقينَ\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٤) من طريق الوراق وحده، والدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٣، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وتقدم مطولًا في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٦١٤)، وأبو داود (١٩٨٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٣٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٢٦)، ومسلم (١٣٠٤/ ٣٢٢).","vol":"10","page":129},{"text":"مَرَّة أو مَرَّتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، وذَكَرَه البُخارِىُّ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي عليٍّ السَّقّاءُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانيّانِ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَرحَمُ اللهُ المُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال: \"يَرحَمُ اللهُ المُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال: \"يَرحَمُ اللهُ المُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال في الرّابِعَةِ: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِلمُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِلمُحَلِّقينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِلمُحَلِّقينَ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٩١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٤) عن قتية به. وتقدم في (٩٤٧١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٠١/ ٣١٦)، والبخاري عقب (١٧٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١١٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٩) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (١٧٢٧) معلقًا، ومسلم (١٣٠١/ ٣١٩).","vol":"10","page":130},{"text":"قالوا: والمُقَصِّرينَ. قال: \"والمُقَصِّرينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَيّاشِ بنِ الوَليدِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2152>بابُ البِدايَةِ بالشِّقِّ الأيمَنِ ثُمَّ بالشِّقِّ الأيسَرِ</span>\n\n٩٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا علىٌّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ هِشامَ بنَ حَسّانَ يُخبِرُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمّا رَمَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الجَمرَةَ ونَحَرَ نُسُكَه وحَلَقَ، ناوَلَ الحالِقَ شِقَّه الأيمَنَ فحَلَقَه، ثُمَّ دَعا أبا طَلحَةَ الأنصارِىَّ فأعطاه إيّاه، ثُمَّ ناوَلَه الشِّقَّ الأيسَرَ فقالَ: \"احلِقْ\". فحَلَقَه فأعطاه أبا طَلحَةَ فقالَ: \"اقسِمْه بَينَ النّاسِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2153>بابٌ: مَن لَبَّدَ أو ضَفَّرَ أوَ عَقَصَ (^٥) حَلَقَ</span>\n\n٩٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٧١٥٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٤٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٢٨)، ومسلم (١٣٠٢/ ٣٢٠).\n(^٣) الحميدي (١٢٢٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٩١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٩) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به. وتقدم في (٩٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٠٥/ ٣٢٦).\n(^٥) لبد: جعل فيه: شيئا من صمغ وعسل أو أحدهما ليتلبد فلا يقمل. وعقص الشعر وضفره: فتله ونسجه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٨٦.","vol":"10","page":131},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: أخبَرَتنِى حَفصَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أزواجَه أنْ يَحلِلْنَ عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فقالَت له حَفصَةُ - ﵂ -: فما يَمنَعُكَ أنْ تَحِلَّ؟ فقالَ: \"إنِّي لَبَّدتُ رأسِى وقَلَّدْتُ هَديِى، فلا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أنحَرَ هَديِى\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ نافِعٍ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه حَلَقَ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: مَن ضَفَّرَ رأسَه لإِحرامٍ، فليَحلِقْ، لا تَشَبَّهوا بالتَّلبيدِ (^٤).\nهذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -.\n\n٩٦٦٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ سَلْمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٣٦) عن أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (٨٩١٣ - ٨٩١٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣٩٨)، ومسلم (١٢٢٩/ ١٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٦٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٩٨ من طريق نافع به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٠٧)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٦٤٤) من وجه آخر عن ابن عمر بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":132},{"text":"قال: \"مَن لَبَّدَ رأسَه لِلإِحرامِ فقَد وجَبَ عَلَيه الحِلاقُ\" (^١). عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ هذا لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢). والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سالِمٌ عن أبيه عن عُمَرَ:\n\n٩٦٦٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ كان يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: مَن ضَفَّرَ فليَحلِقْ، لا تَشَبَّهوا بالتَّلبيدِ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُلَبِّدًا (^٣).\n\n٩٦٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافط، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: مَن عَقَصَ أو ضَفَّرَ أو لَبَّدَ فَقَد وجَبَ عَلَيه الحِلاقُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٨٢. وفيه: أخبرنا ابن سالم.\n(^٢) هو عبد الله بن نافع القرشي العدوى المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢١٤، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٨٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢١٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٥٦: ضعيف. وتقدم عقب (٣٢٠٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٢٧) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٩١٤).\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٩٨.","vol":"10","page":133},{"text":"٩٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ رَحِمَه الله تَعالَى ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: مَن لَبَّدَ أو ضَفَّرَ أو عَقَصَ فليَحلِقْ (^١).\nهذا هو الصَّحيحُ: عن عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِه، وعن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - مِن قَولِهِ.\n\n٩٦٦٨ - وقَد رَواه عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ العُمَرِىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن لَبَّدَ رأسَه فليَحلِقْ؛ فقَد وجَبَ عَلَيه الحِلاقُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وعاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، ولا يَثبُتُ هذا مَرفوعًا.\n\n٩٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر فى (٩٦٦٩).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٧٠.\n(^٣) هو عاصم بن عمر بن حفص بن عاصم بن عمر بن الخطاب، أبو عمر المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٤٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٧٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٥١٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٨٥: ضعيف.","vol":"10","page":134},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن لَبَّدَ أو ضَفَّرَ عَقَدَ أو فتَلَ أو عَقَصَ فهو على ما نَوَى مِن ذَلِكَ. قالَ: وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: حَلَقَ لا بُدَّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2154>بابُ ما يَحِلُّ بالتَّحَلُّلِ الأوَّلِ مِن مَحظوراتِ الإحرامِ</span>\n\n٩٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: خَطَبَ النّاسَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بعَرَفَةَ، فحَدَّثَهُم عن مَناسِكِ الحَجِّ، فقالَ فيما يقولُ: إذا كان بالغَداةِ إن شاءَ اللهُ فدَفَعتُم مِن جَمعٍ، فمَن رَمَى الجَمرَةَ القُصوَى التي عِندَ العَقَبَةِ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فنَحَرَ هَديًا إن كان له، ثُمَّ حَلَقَ أو قَصَّرَ، فقَد حَلَّ له ما حَرُمَ عَلَيه مِن شأنِ الحَجِّ إلَّا طِيبًا أو نِساءً، فلا يَمَسَّ أحَدٌ طِيبًا ولا نِساءً حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ وذَبَحتُم وحَلَقتُم، فقَد حَلَّ لَكُم كُلُّ شَئٍ إلَّا النِّساءَ والطِّيبَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٠٤) من طريق عطاء بتقديم قول ابن عمر.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٩٧٨) من طريق نافع به مختصرًا. وسيأتي في (١٠٠٩٢).","vol":"10","page":135},{"text":"٩٦٧٢ - قال سالِمٌ: وقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: حَلَّ له كُلُّ شَئٍ إلَّا النِّساءَ.\n\n٩٦٧٣ - قال: وقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: أنا طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. تَعنِى لِحِلِّهِ (^١).\n\n٩٦٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سالِمٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: أنَا طَيَّبْتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِحِلِّه وإِحرامِهِ. قال سالِمٌ: وسُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحَقُّ أنْ تُتَّبَعَ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ الأهوازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا أفلَحُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِحُرمِه حينَ أحرَمَ، ولِحِلِّه حينَ أحَلَّ قَبلَ أنْ يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٠٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٣٩) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٧٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥١. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٣٨) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٥٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨١) من طريق عمرو به. وليس عند النسائي وابن خزيمة وابن حبان قول سالم. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٥١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٢٤) من طريق أفلح به مقتصرًا على ذكر الإحرام.","vol":"10","page":136},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه (^٢)، وقَد مَضَى في أوائلِ هذا الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٧٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُروةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُروةَ والقاسِمَ يُخبِرانِ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: طيَّبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بيَدَىَّ بذَريرَةٍ (^٤) في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ لِلحِلِّ والإِحرامِ (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٦).\n\n٩٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ. وأخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ بنتِ أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى، قالا: حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ يَعنِى ابنَ زاذانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنتُ أُطَيِّبُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لِحُرْمِه قَبلَ أن يُحرِمَ، ويَومَ النَّحرِ قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ، بطيبٍ فيه مِسكٌ (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٢٢)، ومسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٠٢٥، ٩٠٢٦).\n(^٤) الذريرة: فتات من قصب الطيب الذي يجاء به من بلاد الغد لله قصب النشاب. تهذيب اللغة ١٤/ ٢٩١ (ذ ر ر).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٤١) عن محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري به. وتقدم في (٩٠٢٨).\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٩٣٠)، ومسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٥).\n(^٧) ابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٦٩١) عن الدورقى به. والترمذي (٩١٧) عن أحمد بن منيع به. وأحمد (٢٥٥٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٧٧٠) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"10","page":137},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ ويَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِىِّ (^١).\n\n٩٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ فقَد حَلَلْتُم مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ كان عَلَيكُم حَرامًا، إلَّا النِّساءَ حَتَّى تَطوفوا بالبَيتِ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: والطِّيبَ يا أبا العباسِ؟ فقالَ له: إنِّي رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُضَمِّخُ رأسَه بالسُّكِّ (^٢)، أفَطِيبٌ هو أم لا؟ لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عمرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رَمَيتُم وحَلَقتُم فقَد حَلَّ لَكُمُ الطِّيبُ والثّيابُ وكُلُّ شَئٍ إلَّا النِّساءَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٩١/ ٤٦).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بالمسك\". وتقدم في (٩٠٣٧).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (١١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٠)، والنسائي (٣٠٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٤١) من طريق الثوري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٨٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٣٧) من طريق يزيد به. وأبو داود (١٩٧٨) من طريق عمرة به. وليس عنده ذكر الحلق. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٤١).","vol":"10","page":138},{"text":"٩٦٨٠ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ فزادَ فيه: \"وذَبَحتُم فقَد حَلَّ لَكُم كُلُّ شَئٍ الطّيبُ والثّيابُ إلَّا النِّساءَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ وأبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وهَذا مِن تَخليطاتِ الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، وإِنَّما الحَديثُ عن عمرَةَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كما رَواه سائرُ النّاسِ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -.\n\n٩٦٨١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شِيرُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ يَعنِى ابنَ عثمانَ، عن أبي الرِّجالِ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: طَيَّبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِحُرمِه حينَ أحرَمَ، ولِحِلِّه قَبلَ أنْ يُفيضَ، بأطيَبِ ما وجَدتُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣)، وأُمُّ أبي الرِّجالِ هِىَ عمرَةُ.\nوقَد رُويَت تِلكَ اللَّفظَةُ في حَديثِ أُمِّ سلمةَ مَعَ حُكمٍ آخَرَ، لا أعلمُ أحَدًا مِنَ الفُقَهاءِ يقولُ بذَلِكَ:\n\n٩٦٨٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٩٩٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٦٩، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٦ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٦٨١) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٨٩/ ٣٨).","vol":"10","page":139},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَمْعَةَ، عن أُمِّه - وأُمُّه زَينَبُ بنتُ أبي سلمةَ - عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كانَت اللَّيلَةُ التي يَدورُ فيها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَساءَ لَيلَةِ النَّحرِ (^١)، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عِندِى، فدَخَلَ علىَّ وهبُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ ورَجُلٌ مِن آلِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ مُتَقَمِّصَينِ، فقالَ لَهُما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفَضتُما؟ \". قالا: لا. قال: \"فانزِعا قَميصَكُما\". فنَزَعاها (^٢)، فقالَ له وهبٌ: ولِمَ يا رسولُ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"هذا يَومٌ أُرخِصَ لَكُم فيه إذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ ونَحَرتُم هَديًا إنْ كان لَكُم فقَد حَلَلتُم مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ حَرُمتُم مِنه، إلَّا النِّساءَ حَتَّى تَطوفوا بالبَيتِ، فإِذا أمسَيتُم ولَم تُفيضوا صِرتُم حُرُمًا كما كُنتُم أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ حَتَّى تَطوفوا بالبَيتِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٦٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِى أبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَمْعَةَ عن أبيه وعن أُمِّه زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ يُحَدِّثانِه عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كانَت لَيلَتِى التي يَصيرُ إلَىَّ فيها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَعنِى مَساءَ يَومِ النَّحرِ - فصارَ إلَىَّ، فدَخَلَ علىَّ وهبُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ ومَعَه رَجُلٌ مِن آلِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ مُتَقَمِّصَينِ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِوَهبٍ: \"هَل أفَضتَ أبا عبدِ اللهِ؟ \". قال: لا واللهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"انزِعْ عَنكَ القَميصَ\". فنَزَعَه مِن رأسِه ونَزَعَ صاحِبُه قَميصَه مِن رأسِه، قالا: ولِمَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وهو خطأ بين، فإن ليلة النحر هي ليلة الميت بمزدلفة.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: كذا.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٨٨) من طريق زينب. وأحال على لفظ الحديث الآتى.","vol":"10","page":140},{"text":"قال: \"إنَّ هذا يَومٌ رُخِّصَ لَكُم إذا رَمَيتُمُ الجَمرَةَ أن تَحِلّوا مِن كُلِّ ما حَرُمتُم مِنه إلَّا النِّساءَ، فإِذا أمسَيتُم قَبلَ أنْ تَطوفوا بهَذا البَيتِ صِرتُم حُرُمًا قَبلَ أن تَرموا الجَمرَةَ حَتَّى تَطوفوا\".\n\n٩٦٨٤ - قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: وحَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ قَيسٍ بنتُ مِحصَنٍ - وكانَت جارَةً لَهُم - قالَت: خَرَجَ مِن عِندِى عُكّاشَةُ بنُ مِحصَنٍ في نَفَرٍ مِن بَنِى أسَدٍ مُتَقَمِّصينَ عَشيَّةَ يَومِ النَّحرِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعوا إلَىَّ عِشاءً وقُمُصُهُم على أيديهِم يَحمِلونَها. قالَت: فقُلتُ: أي عُكّاشَةُ، ما لَكُم خَرَجتُم مُتَقَمِّصينَ ثُمَّ رَجَعتُم وقُمُصُكُم على أيديكُم تَحمِلونَها؟ فقالَ: خَيرٌ يا أُمَّ قَيسٍ، كان هذا يَومًا رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَنا فيه إذا نَحنُ رَمَينا الجَمرَةَ حَلَلنا مِن كُلِّ ما حَرُمنا مِنه إلَّا ما كان مِنَ النِّساءِ حَتَّى نَطوفَ بالبَيتِ، فإِذا أمسَينا ولَم نَطُفْ جَعَلنا قُمُصَنا على أيدينا (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ بالإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ دونَ الإِسنادِ الثّانِى عن أُمِّ قَيسٍ ولَم يَذكُرِ الذَّبحَ أيضًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2155>بابُ التَّلبيَةِ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ بأوَّلِ حَصاةٍ ثُمَّ يَقطَعُ</span>\n\n٩٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٩، ٤٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥٨) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به. وعند الحاكم مقتصرًا في الإسناد الثاني على قوله: \"وحدثتنى أم قيس\". وعند ابن خزيمة بدون الإسناد الثاني.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٩٩). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٦١): حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":141},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى الجَمرَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٢).\nوفِي الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أتَى الجَمرَةَ التي عِندَ الشَّجَرَةِ، فرَماها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ مِنها (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٨٦ - وأخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرِ ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عامِرِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: رَمَقتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ بأوَّلِ حَصاةٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٦٨٧ - وأخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"جمرة العقبة\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٥) - وعنه أبو داود (١٨١٥) - ومسلم (١٢٨١/ ٢٦٧)، والترمذي (٩١٨)، والنسائي (٣٠٥٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٥١٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٨٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٦٢٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٦٢٥، ٩٦٢٧).\n(^٥) ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٦).","vol":"10","page":142},{"text":"أفَضتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن عَرَفاتٍ، فلَم يَزَلْ يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، ثُمَّ قَطَعَ التَّلبيَةَ مَعَ آخِرِ حَصاةٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: تكبيرُه مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ كالدَّلالَةِ على قَطعِه التَّلبيَةَ بأوَّلِ حَصاةٍ كما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وقَولُه: يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى الجَمرَةَ. أرادَ به: حَتَّى أخَذَ في رَمىِ الجَمرَةِ، وأمّا ما في رِوايَةِ الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ مِنَ الزّيادَةِ فإِنَّها غَريبَةٌ أورَدَها محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ واختارَها (^٢)، ولَيسَت في الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرَةَ بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِى بمِصرَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي ذُبابٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَخْبَرَةَ قال: غَدَوتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ، وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ رَجُلًا آدَمَ (^٣) له ضَفيرَتانِ، عَلَيه مَسحَةُ أهلِ الباديَةِ، وكانَ يُلَبِّى، فاجتَمَعَ عَلَيه غَوغاءٌ (^٤) مِن غَوغاءِ النّاسِ فقالوا: يا أعرابِىُّ، إنَّ هذا لَيسَ بيَومِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن خزيمة (٢٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٥)، والنسائي (٣٠٧٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٨١) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وعند ابن خزيمة: محمد بن حفص. بدلًا من: عمر بن حفص. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٠١. والحديث صححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (٢٨٨٤).\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة عقب (٢٨٨٧). قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩٠: فيه نكارة. اهـ. والزيادة المقصودة هي: \"ثم قطع التلبية مع آخر حصاة\". وينظر فتح الباري ٣/ ٥٣٣.\n(^٣) آدم: أسمر. ينظر عمدة القارى ١٦/ ٣٣.\n(^٤) الغوغاء: السفلة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٦٧.","vol":"10","page":143},{"text":"تَلبيَةٍ، إنَّما هو التَّكبيرُ. قال: فعِندَ ذَلِكَ التَفَتَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: جَهِلَ النّاسُ أم نَسُوا؟ والَّذِى بَعَثَ محمدًا - ﷺ - بالحَقِّ لَقَد خَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ، فما تَرَكَ التَّلبيَةَ حَتَّى رَمَى الجَمرَةَ، إلَّا أنْ يَخلِطَها بتَكبيرٍ أو تَهليلٍ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا مَعنَى هذا مُختَصَرًا في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أفَضتُ مَعَ الحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ فما أزالُ أسمَعُه يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ، فلَمّا قَذَفَها أمسَكَ، فقُلتُ: ما هَذا؟ فقالَ: رأيتُ أبي علىَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يُلَبِّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ، وأخبَرَنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٩٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ داودَ، عن أبي عثمانَ المَكِّىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - لَبَّى حَتَّى رَمَى جَمرَةَ العَقَبَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦١، ٤٦٢ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٦١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٠٦) من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٦٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٥) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٦٩) من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"10","page":144},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ، قَد مَضَى ذِكرُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2156>بابُ النُّزولِ بمِنًى</span>\n\n٩٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: خَطَبَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - النّاسَ بمِنًى، وأنزَلَهُم مَنازِلَهُم فقالَ: \"ليَنزِلِ المُهاجِرونُ ههُنا - وأَشارَ إلَى مَيمَنَةِ القِبلَةِ - والأنصارُ ههُنا - وأَشارَ إلَى مَيسَرَةِ القِبلَةِ - ثُمَّ ليَنزِلِ النّاسُ حَولَهُم\" (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى: عن رَجُلٍ.\n\n٩٦٩٢ - وقَد رَواه أبو داودَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاذٍ التَّيمِىِّ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ بمِنًى ففُتِحَت أسماعُنا حَتَّى كُنّا نَسمَعُ ما يقولُ ونَحنُ في مَنازِلِنا، وطَفِقَ يُعَلِّمُهُم مَناسِكَهُم حَتَّى بَلَغَ الجِمارَ، فوَضَعَ إصبَعَيْه السَّبّابَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"بحَصَى الخَذفِ\". ثُمَّ أمَرَ المُهاجِرينَ فنَزَلُوا مُقَدَّمَ المَسجِدِ، وأمَرَ الأنصارَ أن يَنزِلوا مِن وراءِ المَسجِدِ. قال: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ النّاسُ بَعدُ. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ.\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٩٥٢٢، ٩٥٢٣، ٩٥٧٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٥١)، وأحمد (٢٣١٧٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢٠).","vol":"10","page":145},{"text":"فذَكَرَه (^١). وهَذا هو الصَّحيحُ، عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مُعاذٍ له صُحبَةٌ، وزَعَموا أنَّ محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىَّ لَم يُدرِكْه، وأنَّ رِوايَتَه عنه مُرسَلَةٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ وغَيرِه أنّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَزَلَ على يَسارِ مُصَلَّى الإِمامِ بمِنًى (^٢).\n\n٩٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن أُمِّه مُسَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا نَبنِى لَكَ بمِنًى بناءً يُظِلُّكَ؟ قال: \"لا، مِنًى مُناخُ (^٣) مَن سَبَقَ\" (^٤).\n\n٩٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عِمرانَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: عَدَلَ إلَىَّ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وأنا نازِلٌ تَحتَ سَرحَةٍ (^٥) بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ، فقالَ: ما أنزَلَكَ تَحتَ هذه السَّرحَةِ؟ قال: فقُلتُ: أرَدتُ ظِلَّها. فقالَ: هَل غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقُلتُ: أرَدتُ ظِلَّها. فقالَ: هَل غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقُلتُ: لا، ما أنزَلَنِى غَيرُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٥٧). وتقدم في (٩٦١٤).\n(^٢) ينظر المراسيل لأبي داود (١٥٢)، وأخبار مكة للفاكهى (٢٥٩١)، وأخبار مكة للأزرقى ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٣) المناخ بضم الميم: المنزل. تاج العروس ٧/ ٣٦٢.\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦٦، ٤٦٧ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤١) - وعنه أبو داود (٢٠١٩)، والترمذي (٨٨١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩١) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩١: إسناده صالح.\n(^٥) السرحة: الجرة العظيمة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٥٨.","vol":"10","page":146},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كُنتَ بَينَ الأخشَبَينِ (^١) مِن مِنًى - ونَفَخَ بيَدِه نَحوَ المشرِقِ - فإِنَّ هَنالِكَ واديًا (^٢) يُقالُ له: السُّرَرُ (^٣) به سَرحَةٌ سُرَّ (^٤) تَحتَها سَبعونَ نَبيًّا\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2157>بابُ الخُطبَةِ يَومَ النَّحرِ، وأنَّ يَومَ النَّحرِ يَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبرِ</span>\n\n٩٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ حَدَّثَه أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بَينا هو يَخطُبُ يَومَ النَّحرِ، فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: كُنتُ أحسِبُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّ كَذا وكَذا، قَبلَ كَذا وكَذا. ثُمَّ قامَ آخَرُ فقالَ: كُنتُ أحسِبُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّ كَذا وكَذا، قَبلَ كَذا وكَذا. لِهَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"افعَلْ ولا حَرَجَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأخشب: كل جبل خشن غليظ الحجارة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٢.\n(^٢) رسمت في الأصل: وادىً، وقد تكرر كثيرا الاكتفاء بالفتحتين عن ألف التنوين.\n(^٣) السرر: بضم السين وكسرها هو واد على أربعة أميال من مكة عن يمين الجبل. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٢، ٢/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) سُرَّ تحتها: قيل: هو من السرور، أي بشروا بالنبوة. وقيل: ولدوا تحتها وقطعت سررهم، والسر - بكسر السين وضمها - ما تقطعه القابلة من المولود عند الولادة من المشيمة فيبين. واحدها سر بالكسر، وما بقى من أصلها في الجوف فهو السرة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٢.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٤٢٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٢٣٣)، والنسائي (٢٩٩٥)، وابن حبان (٦٢٤٤). قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩١: ما أعرف عمران.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٣، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٠١٥) من طريق عباس الدورى به.","vol":"10","page":147},{"text":"٩٦٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٢). وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىِّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣). وتابَعَه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ في ذِكرِ الخُطبَةِ فيهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٦٩٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أبو (^٥) جابِرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: وقَفَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ النَّحرِ عِندَ الجَمَراتِ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فقالَ: \"أىُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: يَومُ النَّحرِ. قال: \"فأَىُّ بَلَدٍ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: البَلَدُ الحَرامُ. قال: \"فأَىُّ شَهرٍ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: الشَّهرُ الحَرامُ. قال: \"هذا يَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبَرِ؛ فدِماؤُكُم وأَموالُكُم وأَعراضُكُم عَلَيكُم حَرامٌ كَحُرمَةِ هذا البَلَدِ في هذا اليَومِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فطَفِقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ\". ثُمَّ ودَّعَ النّاسَ، فقالوا: هذه حَجَّةُ الوَداعِ (^٦). قال البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\":\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٥١) من طريق محمد بن بكر به. والبخاري (٦٦٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتي في (٩٧٠٤ - ٩٧٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٠٦/ ٣٣٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٣٧)، ومسلم (١٣٠٦/ ٣٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (١٧٣٨)، ومسلم (١٣٠٦/. . .) من طريق صالح به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"ابن\".\n(^٦) فوائد أبي محمد الفاكهى (٢٠٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٤٥) مختصرًا، وابن ماجه (٣٠٥٨) من =","vol":"10","page":148},{"text":"وقالَ هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٩٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، ورَجُلٌ أفضَلُ مِن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؛ حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ النَّحرِ فقالَ: \"أىُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه، فقالَ: \"ألَيسَ يَومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: \"فأَىُّ شهرٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه، قال: \"أوَلَيسَ ذا الحِجَّةِ؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: \"فأَىُّ بَلَدٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورُسولُه أعلمُ. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه، قال: \"ألَيسَتِ البَلدَةَ (^٢)؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: \"فإِنَّ دِماءَكُم حَرامٌ كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا، في شهرِكُم هذا، في بَلَدِكُم هذا، اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"ليُبَلِّغِ الشّاهِدُ مِنكُمُ الغائبَ، فرُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ أوعَى مِن سامِعٍ، ألا لا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى كُفّارًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n= طريق هشام بن الغاز به.\n(^١) البخاري عقب (١٧٤٢).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الحرام\". قال القاضي عياض: البلدة بسكون اللام، يريد مكة، أي بلدنا. وقيل: هي من أسماء مكة. وقيل: من أسماء منى. وفى بعض النسخ: \"أليست البلدة الحرام\". مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٥٢) من طريق أبى عامر به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٣) من طريق قرة به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وتقدم في (٦٢٧٧)، وسيأتي في (٩٨٥٩، ١١٦٠٦).","vol":"10","page":149},{"text":"٩٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرَةَ ورَجُلٌ في نَفسِى أفضَلُ مِن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؛ حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ النَّحرِ فقالَ: \"لا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى كُفّارًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ المُسنَدِيِّ عن أبي عامِرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَبَلَةَ، وغَيرِه عن أبي عامِرٍ (^١).\n\n٩٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حُجَينُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن الهِرماسِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وأنا صَبِىٌّ - أردَفَنِى أبى - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ بمِنًى يَومَ الأضحَى على راحِلَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ ابنُ عامِرٍ الكَلاعِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ خُطبَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٤١)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٦٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٩٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٥) من طريق عكرمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢١).","vol":"10","page":150},{"text":"بمِنًى يَومَ النَّحرِ (^١).\n\n٩٧٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ (^٢)، عن هِلالِ بنِ عامِرٍ المُزَنِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى رافِعُ بنُ عمرٍو المُزَنِىُّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ بمِنًى حينَ ارتَفَعَ الضُّحَى على بَغلَةٍ شَهباءَ (^٣)، وعَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - يُعَبِّرُ عنه (^٤)، والنّاسُ بَينَ قائمٍ وقاعِدٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٧٠٣ - قال البخاريُّ في كِتابِ \"التاريخ\": قال لِى أبو جَعفَرٍ: حدثنا مَرْوانُ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ عامِرٍ المُزَنِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رافِعَ بنَ عمرٍو المُزَنِىَّ يقولُ: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ يَومَ النَّحرِ يَخطُبُ على بَغلَةٍ شَهباءَ.\nأخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٥٨)، والترمذي (٦١٦) من طريق سليم بن عامر به بأطول من هذا، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"هارون\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٤٠٣.\n(^٣) بغلة شهباء: أي بيضاء يخالطها قليل سواد. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٤٣.\n(^٤) يعبر عنه: أي يبلغ حديثه من هو بعيد منه. عن المعبود ٢/ ١٤٣.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٩٥٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٩٤) من طريق مروان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢٣).\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٠٢ وفيه: حفص. بدلًا من: جعفر. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩٣: هذا خبر منكر. . . وأخرجه أبو داود. . . رأيت النبي - ﷺ - يخطب بمنى على بغلة. . .","vol":"10","page":151},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2158>بابُ التَّقديمِ والتّأخيرِ في عَمَلِ يَومِ النَّحرِ</span>\n\n٩٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومالِكٌ وغَيرُهُما، أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَهُم، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقَفَ لِلنّاسِ عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ يَسألونَه، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَم أشعُرْ فنَحَرتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ فقالَ: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال آخَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى لَم أشعُرْ فحَلَقتُ رأسِى قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ قال: \"اذبَحْ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال: فما سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ عن شَئٍ قُدِّمَ ولا أُخِّرَ إلا قال: \"افعَلْ ولا حَرَجَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ، وحَديثُ الشّافِعِىِّ ويَحيَى بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا: وقَفَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٧٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٣، وابن وهب (٩٧)، ومالك ١/ ٤٢١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٨٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠١٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٨)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٧).","vol":"10","page":152},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بمِنًى لِلنّاسِ يَسألونَه. وقَدَّما سُؤالَ الحَلقِ على سُؤالِ النَّحرِ، ولَم يَقولا: رأسِى. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كُلُّهُم عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ أيضًا عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١).\n\n٩٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عيسَى بنَ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ذَبَحتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال آخَرُ: حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ قال: \"اذبَحْ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال أبو بكرٍ: ثُمَّ سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ يُسألُ عن هذا الحَديثِ، فقالَ له بُلبُلٌ: هذا ممّا حَفِظتَ مِنَ الزُّهرِىِّ يا أبا محمدٍ؟ قال: نَعَم كأنَّكَ تَسمَعُه إلَّا أنَّه كان يُطيلُه، فهَذا الَّذِى حَفِظتُ مِنه. قال: وسَمِعتُ بُلبُلًا قال لِسُفيانَ: إنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ قال: إنَّكَ قُلتَ له: لَم أحفَظْه؟ فقالَ سفيانُ: صَدَقَ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، لَم أحفَظْه بطولِه، فأمّا هذا فقَد أتقَنتُه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ دونَ قِصَّةِ بُلبُلٍ، ورَواه عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ وعَبدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٣، ١٧٣٦)، ومسلم (١٣٠٦/ ٣٢٧، ٣٢٨).\n(^٢) الحميدي (٥٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٨٩)، والترمذي (٩١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"10","page":153},{"text":"حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وأحالَ بمَتنِه على رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ سِوَى ما استَثناه (^١).\nوفِي حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ زيادَةٌ أُخرَى لَيسَت في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ:\n\n٩٧٠٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على ناقَتِه، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّى كُنتُ أظُنُّ أنَّ الحَلقَ قَبلَ الرَّمىِ فحَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال: وجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّى كُنتُ أظُنُّ الحَلقَ قَبلَ النَّحرِ فحَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أنحَرَ. قال: \"انحَرْ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال: فما سُئلَ عن شَئٍ قَدَّمَه رَجُلٌ ولا (^٢) أخَّرَه إلَّا قال: \"افعَلْ ولا حَرَجَ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nوقَد رَواه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ بزيادَةٍ أُخرَى.\n\n٩٧٠٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٠٦/ ٣٣١، ٣٣٢).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أو\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٨٨٧) عن عبد الرزاق به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٧) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥١ من طريق محمد بن يحيى الذهلى به.","vol":"10","page":154},{"text":"ابنِ محمدِ بنِ حَليمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الصَّائغُ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأتاه رَجُلٌ يَومَ النَّحرِ وهو واقِفٌ عِندَ الجَمرَةِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". وأتاه آخَرُ فقالَ: إنِّي ذَبَحتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". وأتاه آخَرُ فقالَ: أفَضتُ إلَى البَيتِ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال: فما رأيتُه سُئلَ يَومَئذٍ عن شَئٍ إلَّا قال: \"افعَلوا (^١) ولا حَرَجَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٣).\n\n٩٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قيلَ له في الذَّبحِ والحَلقِ والرَّمىِ والتَّقديمِ والتّأخيرِ، فقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن بَهزٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"افعلوه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٢ من طريق محمد بن أبي حفصة به، بلفظ: \"افعل\". بدلًا من: \"افعلوا\".\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٠٦/ ٣٣٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٨، ٢٤٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٣) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٠٧).","vol":"10","page":155},{"text":"٩٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ذَبَحتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ فأومأ بيَدِه وقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\". [وقالَ رَجُلٌ: حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ فأومأ بيَدِه وقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\"] (^١). فما سُئلَ يَومَئذٍ عن شَئٍ مِنَ التَّقديمِ ولا التَّأخيرِ إلَّا أومأ بيَدِه وقالَ: \"ولا حَرَجَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٩٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهرانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذَّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\". فَقالَ آخَرُ: إنِّى رَمَيتُ بعدَ ما أمسَيتُ؟ قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\". فما عَلِمتُه سُئلَ عن شَئٍ يَومَئذٍ إلَّا قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\" (^٤). ولَم يأمُرْ بشَئٍ مِنَ الكَفَّارَةِ. هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٤، ولم ترد أيضًا عند الطبراني.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٨٧٠) من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٦٤٨) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٨)، والبخاري (١٧٢٣، ١٧٣٥)، وأبو داود (١٩٨٣)، والنسائي (٣٠٦٧)، =","vol":"10","page":156},{"text":"٩٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّزجاهِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - سُئِلَ عَمَّن حَلَقَ قَبلَ أن يَذبَحَ ونَحوِ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ، لا حَرَجَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٧١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أيوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ هو ابنُ رُفَيعٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّى ذَبَحتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\". قال آخَرُ: حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ قال: \"اذبَحْ ولا حَرَجَ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٧١٣ - رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عَيَّاشٍ وزادَ في مَتنِه: زُرتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\" (^٤). أخبَرَناه\n_________\n= وابن ماجه (٣٠٥٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٥٠) من طرق عن خالد الحذاء به.\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٢٤٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٤)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٦) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٣٦٠ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق أحمد بن يونس عن أبي بكر ابن عياش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٢٢).","vol":"10","page":157},{"text":"أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِه إلَّا أنَّه خالَفَ في الباقِى فقالَ: قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"ارمِ ولا حَرَجَ\" (^١). ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ.\n\n٩٧١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَمَى ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لِلنّاسِ، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أنحَرَ؟ قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\". ثُمَّ جاءَه آخَرُ فقالَ: حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أرمِىَ؟ قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\". فما سُئلَ عن شَئٍ إلَّا قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٧١٥ - ورَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عَبَّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وقَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ رَمَى قَبلَ أن يَحلِقَ، وحَلَقَ قَبلَ أن يَرمِىَ، وذَبَحَ قَبلَ أن يَحلِقَ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"افعَلْ ولا حَرَجَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (^٣). وقَد\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٨٠، ١٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٤٨، ٣٠٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٨٧) من طريق أسامة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٥)، وابن حبان (٣٨٧٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة عن قيس وحده به.","vol":"10","page":158},{"text":"أشارَ البخاريُّ إلَى رِوايَةِ حَمَّادٍ (^١).\n\n٩٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مُقاتِلٍ أنَّهُم سألوا أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن قَومٍ حَلَقوا مِن قَبلِ أن يَذبَحوا؟ قال: أخطأتُمُ السُّنَّةَ، ولا شَئَ عَلَيكُم (^٢).\n\n٩٧١٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ وهو محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: الحَسَنُ. سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَدَّمَ مِن نُسُكِه شَيئًا أو أخَّرَه فلا شَئَ عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2159>بابُ الإفاضَةِ لِلطَّوافِ</span>\n\n٩٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبو الأزهَرِ السَّلِيطِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أفاضَ يَومَ النَّحرِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فصَلَّى الظُّهرَ بمِنًى. قال نافِعٌ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُفيضُ يَومَ النَّحرِ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيُصَلِّى الظُّهرَ بمِنًى، ويَذكُرُ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٢٢).\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٤/ ١٣٤. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩٥: هذا منقطع.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٩٠).","vol":"10","page":159},{"text":"فعَلَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وقالَ البخاريُّ: رَفَعَه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ وقالَ: أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ (^٢). يُريدُ هذا الحديثَ.\n\n٩٧١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرَّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى البَيتِ فصَلَّى بمَكَّةَ الظُّهرَ (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوأخرَجَ أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" بإِسنادِه عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ رَمَى الجَمرَةَ رَجَعَ إلَى المَنحَرِ فنَحَرَ ثُمَّ حَلَقَ، ثُمَّ أفاضَ مِن فورِه ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n\n٩٧٢٠ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ: أخَّرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَعنِى طَوافَ الزّيارَةِ إلَى اللَّيلِ (^٦). أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٨٤)، والمعرفة (٣٠٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤١)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٣) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقول نافع عند المصنف وابن خزيمة.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٠٨/ ٣٣٥)، والبخاري عقب (١٧٣٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٤). وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٥) المراسيل (١٦٠).\n(^٦) البخاري قبل حديث (١٧٣٢).","vol":"10","page":160},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، قال أبو حازِمٍ: حدثنا. وقالَ أبو نَصرٍ: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أخَّرَ الزِّيارَةَ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى اللَّيلِ.\n\n٩٧٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ وابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أخَّرَ الطَّوافَ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى اللَّيلِ (^١). وأبو الزُّبَيرِ سَمِعَ مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ، وفِي سَماعِه مِن عائشةَ نَظَرٌ. قالَه البُخارِىُّ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ أبى سَلمةَ أنَّ عائشةَ قالَت: حَجَجنا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأفَضنا يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٣).\nورَوَى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه عن عاشةَ: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن آخِرِ يَومِه حينَ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٢)، وأبو داود (٢٠٠٠)، والترمذي (٩٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٦٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٥٩) من طريق سفيان عن محمد بن طارق عن طاوس وأبى الزبير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٠٠٠).\n(^٢) علل الترمذي ص ١٣٤.\n(^٣) سيأتى تخريجه في (٩٧٣٢).","vol":"10","page":161},{"text":"رَجَعَ إلَى مِنًى (^١).\n\n٩٧٢٢ - ورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشةَ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لأصحابِه فزاروا البَيتَ يَومَ النَّحرِ ظَهيرَةً، وزارَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَعَ نِسائه لَيلًا. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٩٧٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - طافَ طَوافَ يَومِ النَّحرِ مِنَ اللَّيلِ (^٣).\n\n٩٧٢٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ مِثلَه.\nوإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - طافَ على ناقَتِه لَيلًا.\nوأصَحُّ هذه الرِّواياتِ حَديثُ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وحَديثُ جابِرٍ، وحَديثُ أبى سلمةَ عن عائشةَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ،\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه في (٩٧٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الباغندى في أماليه (٦٩) ضمن جمهرة الأجزاء الحديثية عن الحارث بن منصور به بلفظ: أن النبي - ﷺ - زار مع أهله ليلًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٠١) من طريق مسعر به بلفظ: أن رسول الله - ﷺ - أخر الزيارة إلى الليل.","vol":"10","page":162},{"text":"حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: أمّا إبراهيمُ ﵇ فإِنَّه أتَى مَنزِلَه مِن مِنًى، فباتَ بها حَتَّى أصبَحَ وطَلَعَ حاجِبُ الشَّمسِ أتَى مَنزِلَه مِن عَرَفَةَ، فوَقَفَ حَتَّى إذا غَرَبَتِ (^١) الشَّمسُ أفاضَ فأتَى مَنزِلَه مِن جَمعٍ، فباتَ به حَتَّى إذا كان وقتُ صلاةِ المُعَجَّلَةِ، وقَفَ حَتَّى إذا كان قَدرُ صلاةِ المُسفِرَةِ أفاضَ، وتِلكَ مِلَّةُ أبيكُم إبراهيمَ ﵇، وقَد أُمِرَ نَبيُّكُم - ﷺ - أن يَتَّبِعَه (^٢).\n\n٩٧٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، ثُمَّ وقَفَ إلَى صلاةِ المُصبِحَةِ، فأوحَى اللهُ ﷿ إلَى نَبيِّه - ﷺ -: ﴿أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ (^٣) [النحل: ١٢٣].\n\n٩٧٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال: أفاضَ جِبريلُ ﵇ بإِبراهيمَ ﵇ إلَى مِنًى، فصَلَّى بها الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ والصُّبحَ، ثُمَّ غَدا مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفاتٍ فصَلَّى بها الصَّلاتَينِ، ثُمَّ وقَفَ حَتَّى غابَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ أتَى به إلَى المُزدَلِفَةِ فنَزَلَ بها فباتَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بها يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"غابت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٥٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٤٨) من طريق آخر عن ابن أبي مليكة به مختصرًا دون ذكر الآية.","vol":"10","page":163},{"text":"الصُّبحَ كأعجَلِ ما يُصَلِّى أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ وقَفَ به كأبطإِ ما يُصلِّى أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إلَى مِنًى فرَمَى وذَبَحَ وحَلَقَ، ثُمَّ أوحَى اللهُ ﷿ إلَى محمدٍ - ﷺ -: ﴿أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ (^١).\n\n٩٧٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى بإِسنادِه نَحوَه: ثُمَّ حَلَقَ ثُمَّ أفاضَ به إلَى البَيتِ، فقالَ اللهُ ﷿ لِنَبيِّه - ﷺ -: ﴿ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه مَرفوعًا إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، زادَ: \"ثُمَّ أتَى به البَيتَ فطافَ به، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ به إلَى مِنًى فأقامَ فيها تِلكَ الأيَّامَ\". ثُمَّ أوحَى اللهُ تَعالَى إلَى محمدٍ - ﷺ -: ﴿أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا﴾ (^٣). والمَوقوفُ أصوَبُ.\n\n٩٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا بكْرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٠٤)، والمصنف في الشعب (٤٠٧٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٢٤٥ - ١٢٤٧ - مسند عمر بن الخطاب) من طرق عن ابن أبي ليلى به. وينظر الدر المنثور ٩/ ١٣١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٧٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٠٣، ١٥٣٩٨) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.","vol":"10","page":164},{"text":"أبى زيادٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: قالَت عائشَةُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما جُعِلَ الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ والسَّعىُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ ورَمىُ الجِمارِ؛ لإِقامَةِ ذِكرِ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ.\nورَواه أبو قُتَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ فلَم يَرفَعْه (^٢). ورَواه يَحيَى القَطَّانُ عن عُبَيدِ الله فلَم يَرفَعْه، وقالَ: قَد سَمِعتُه يَرفَعُه ولَكِنِّى أهابُه (^٣). ورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ داودَ وأبو عاصِمٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ فرَفَعاه (^٤). ورَواه ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن القاسِمِ عن عائشةَ فلَم يَرفَعْه. ورَواه حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ فلَم يَرفَعْه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2160>بابُ التَّحَلُّلِ بالطَّوافِ إذا كان قَد سَعَى عَقِيبَ طَوافِ القُدومِ</span>\n\n٩٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ يَعنِى ابنَ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٥١) عن أبي نعيم به. وابن خزيمة (٢٧٣٨) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (١٨٨٨)، والترمذي (٩٠٢) من طريق عبيد الله به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) العلل للدارقطنى ١٥/ ١٢٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ١١٩ من طريق يحيى به موقوفًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (١٨٩٥) عن أبي عاصم به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٥/ ١٢٢، والضعفاء للعقيلى ٣/ ١١٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٤٢٣) من طريق حسين المعلم به.","vol":"10","page":165},{"text":"اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: وطافَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فاستَلَمَ الرُّكنَ أوَّلَ كُلِّ شَئٍ، ثُمَّ خَبَّ ثَلاثَةَ أطوافٍ مِنَ السَّبعِ ومَشَى أربَعَةَ أطوافٍ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ حينَ قَضَى طَوافَه بالبَيتِ عِندَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فانصَرَفَ فأتَى الصَّفا فَطافَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعَةَ أطوافٍ، ثُمَّ لَم يَحلِلْ مِن شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه حَتَّى قَضَى حَجَّه ونَحَرَ هَديَه يَومَ النَّحرِ وأفاضَ فطافَ بالبَيتِ، ثُمَّ حَلَّ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه، وفَعَلَ مِثلَ ما فعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَن أهدَى فساقَ الهَدىَ مِنَ النّاسِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرٌ يَعنِى ابنَ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعَرجِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: حَجَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأفَضنا يَومَ النَّحرِ، وحاضت صَفيَّةُ فأرادَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنها ما يُريدُ الرَّجُلُ مِن أهلِه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّها حائضٌ. فقالَ: \"أحابِسَتُنا هِىَ؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ قَد أفاضَت يَومَ النَّحرِ. قال: \"أخرِجوها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٨٥١) من طريق أحمد بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم في (٨٩٢٦، ٩٢٩٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٩١)، ومسلم (١٢٢٧/ ١٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٨٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٣٣).","vol":"10","page":166},{"text":"٩٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكْرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قال: حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ شَريكٍ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - حاجًّا فكانَ النّاسُ يأتونَه، فمِن قائلٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ سَعَيتُ قَبلَ أن أطوفَ، أو أخَّرتُ شَيئًا أو قَدَّمتُ شَيئًا، فكانَ يقولُ لَهُم: \"لا حَرَجَ لا حَرَجَ، إلَّا على رَجُلٍ اقتَرَضَ عِرضَ (^١) رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ وهو ظالِمٌ، فذَلِكَ الَّذِى حَرِجَ وهَلَكَ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا اللَّفظُ: سَعَيتُ قَبلَ أن أطوفَ. غَريبٌ، تَفَرَّدَ به جَريرٌ عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، فإِن كان مَحفوظًا فكأنَّه سألَه عن رَجُلٍ سَعَى عَقِيبَ طَوافِ القُدومِ قَبلَ طَوافِ الإفاضَةِ، فقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\". واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن نَسِىَ أن يُفيضَ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إلَى بلادِه، فهو حَرامٌ حينَ يَذكُرُ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى البَيتِ فيَطوفَ به، فإِن أصابَ النِّساءَ أهدَى بَدَنَةً.\n_________\n(^١) الاقتراض: افتعال من القرض وهو القطع؛ لأن المغتاب كأنه يقتطع من عرض أخيه، ومنه قولهم: لسان فلان مقراض الأعراض. الفائق ٣/ ١٧٧.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٤، ٣٠٥، وأبو داود (٢٠١٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٧٤) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٧٥).","vol":"10","page":167},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2161>بابُ زيارَةِ البَيتِ كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ من لَيالِى مِنًى</span>\n\n٩٧٣٥ - قال البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ: يُذكَرُ عن أبي حَسَّانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَزورُ البَيتَ أيّامَ مِنًى (^١). أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عَرعَرَةَ قال: دَفَعَ إلَينا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ كِتابًا، وقالَ: سَمِعتُه مِن أبى ولَم يَقرأْه. قال: فكانَ فيه: عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن نَبِىَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَزورُ البَيتَ كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ ما دامَ بمِنًى. قال: وما رأيتُ أحَدًا واطأه عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَوَى الثَّورِىُّ في \"الجامع\" عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ عن طاوُسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يُفيضُ كُلَّ لَيلَةٍ يَعنِى لَيالىَ مِنًى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2162>بابُ سِقايَةِ الحاجِّ والشُّربِ مِنها ومِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ</span>\n\n٩٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرَّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى البَيتِ فصَلَّى بمَكَّةَ الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أتَى بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ وهُم يَسقونَ على زَمزَمَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري قبل حديث (١٧٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٩٠٤) عن الحسن بن على المعمرى به، دون ذكر قوله: وما رأيت أحدًا واطأه عليه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٤٧٥) عن ابن عيينة عن ابن طاوس به.","vol":"10","page":168},{"text":"فقالَ: \"انزِعوا بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فلَولا أن يَغلِبَكُمُ النَّاسُ على سِقايَتِكُم لَنَزَعتُ مَعَكُم\". فناوَلوه دَلوًا فشَرِبَ مِنه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - جاءَ إلَى السِّقايَةِ فاستَسقَى، فقالَ العباسُ: يا فضلُ اذهَبْ إلَى أُمِّكَ فأتِ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بشَرابٍ مِن عِندِها. فقالَ: \"اسقِنِى\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّهُم يَجعَلونَ أيديَهُم فيه. قال: \"اسقِنِى\". فشَرِبَ مِنه، ثُمَّ أتَى زَمزَمَ وهُم يَسقونَ ويَعمَلونَ فيها فقالَ: \"اعمَلوا فإِنَّكُم على عَمَلٍ صالِحٍ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"لَولا أن تُغلَبوا لَنَزَلتُ حَتَّى أضَعَ الحَبلَ على هذه\". يَعنِى عاتِقَه وأشارَ إلَى عاتِقِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٦٦٤)، والدلائل ٥/ ٤٣٨، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٤٧٤) - وعنه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٧٤) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٤) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وتقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٦) عن أبي بشر إسحاق بن شاهين به. وابن حبان (٥٣٩٢) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٦٣٥).","vol":"10","page":169},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ وأبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالوا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - فأتاه أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: ما لِى أرَى بَنِى عَمَّكُم يَسقونَ اللَّبَنَ والعَسَلَ، وأنتُم تَسقونَ النَّبيذَ، أمِن حاجَةٍ بكُم أم مِن بُخلٍ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: الحَمدُ للهِ ما بنا حاجَةٌ ولا بُخلٌ، قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على راحِلَتِه وخَلفَه أُسامَةُ فاستَسقَى، فأتَيناه بإِناءٍ مِن نَبيذٍ فشَرِبَ وسَقَى فضلَه أُسامَةَ وقالَ: \"أحسَنتُم وأَجمَلتُم، كَذا فاصنَعوا\". فلا نُريدُ تَغييرَ مما أمَرَ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِنهالٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا الفَزارِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ أبو أحمدَ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: سَقَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ. قال عاصِمٌ: فحَلَفَ عِكرِمَةُ ما كان يَومَئذٍ إلَّا على بَعيرٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ: وقالوا: قال عِكرِمَةُ: واللَّهِ ما كان إلَّا على ناقَةٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٩٥)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٤٧) من طريق حميد الطويل به، وعند أحمد باختصار في الموضع الأول.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٦/ ٣٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١١٣٨) عن ابن أبي عمر به. وتقدم في (٩٣٧٠، ٩٣٧١)، وسيأتي =","vol":"10","page":170},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن مَروانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيِّ (^١).\n\n٩٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، حَدَّثَنِى جَليسٌ لابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال لِى ابنُ عباسٍ: مِن أينَ جِئتَ؟ قُلتُ: شَرِبتُ مِن زَمزَمَ. قال: شَرِبتَ (^٢) كما يَنبَغِى؟ قُلتُ: كَيفَ أشرَبُ؟ قال: إذا شَرِبتَ فاستَقبِلِ القِبلَةَ، ثُمَّ اذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ. ثُمَّ تَنَفَّسْ ثَلاثًا وتَضَلَّعْ مِنها، فإِذا فرَغتَ فاحمَدِ اللَّهَ، فإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"آيَةُ ما بَينَنا وبَينَ المُنافِقينَ أنَّهُم لا يَتَضَلَّعونَ مِن زَمزَمَ\".\n\n٩٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن عثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ له: مِن أينَ جِئتَ؟ قال: شَرِبتُ مِن زَمزَمَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٣).\nورَواه الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى السِّينانِىُّ (^٤) عن عثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ عن\n_________\n= في (١٤٧٦٠).\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٣٧).\n(^٢) هنا ينتهى الخرم في المخطوط (س) المشار إليه في (٩٥٢٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٢ وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه إن كان عثمان بن الأسود سمع من ابن عباس. وقال الذهبي: لا والله ما لحقه توفى عام خمسين ومائة وأكبر مشيخته سعيد بن جبير. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٨٨ من طريق محمد بن الصباح به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٤: \"الشيبانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٣٦٥.","vol":"10","page":171},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ (^١).\n\n٩٧٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: جاءَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ رَجُلٌ. فذَكَرَ بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءٍ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا هُدْبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: قال أبو ذَرٍّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه في قِصَّةِ إسلامِه إلَى أن قال: فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - هو وصاحِبُه فاستلَمَ الحَجَرَ، ثُمَّ طافَ بالبَيتِ هو وصاحِبُه ثُمَّ صَلَّى، فلَمّا قَضى صَلاتَه قال أبو ذَرٍّ: فأتَيتُه وكُنتُ أوَّلَ مَن حَيَّاه بتَحيَّةِ الإسلامِ فقالَ: \"وعَلَيكَ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: فقالَ: \"مَتَى كُنتَ ههنا؟ \". قُلتُ: قَد كُنتَ ههُنا مُنذُ ثَلاثينَ لَيلَةً ويَومًا. قال: \"فمَن كان يُطعِمُكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: ما كان لِي طَعامٌ إلَّا ماءَ زَمزَمَ فسَمِنتُ حَتَّى تكَسَّرَ عُكَنُ بَطنِى (^٣)، وما وجَدتُ على كَبِدِى سَخَفَةَ (^٤) جوعٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٨ من طريق الفضل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٨، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦١) من طريق عثمان بن الأسود به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٦٣): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله موثقون.\n(^٣) العكن: ما انطوى وتثنى من لحم البطن سمنا. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٢، والتاج ٣٥/ ٤٠٧ (ع ك ن).\n(^٤) سخفة جوع: هي رقته وهزاله. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٠.","vol":"10","page":172},{"text":"مُبارَكَةٌ؛ إنَّها طَعامُ طُعمٍ، وشِفاءُ سُقمٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَدَّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ حاتِمٍ المَروَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ماءُ زَمزَمَ لما شُرِبَ له\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2163>بابُ الرُّجوعِ إلىَ مِنًى أيّامَ التَّشريقِ والرَّمىِ بها كُلَّ يَومٍ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ</span>\n\n٩٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أفاضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن آخِرِ يَومِه حينَ صَلَّى الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فمَكَثَ بمِنًى لَيالِىَ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ إذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ كُلَّ جَمرَةٍ بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، ويَقِفُ عِندَ الأولَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢٠٨. وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٢٩١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٧٣). وهداب هو هدبة بن خالد.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٢) من طريق عن عبد الله بن المؤمل به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٦٤): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف عبد الله بن المؤمل. وسيأتي في (١٠٠٨١).\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٨٩٩: ابن المؤمل ضعيف. اهـ. وتقدم عند المصنف عقب (٤٤٧٣).","vol":"10","page":173},{"text":"وعِندَ الثّانيَةِ فيُطيلُ القيامَ ويَتَضَرَّعُ، ثُمَّ يَرمِى الثّالِثَةَ ولا يَقِفُ عِندَها (^١).\n\n٩٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا رَمَى الجَمرَةَ التي تَلِى المَسجِدَ مَسجِدَ مِنًى، رَماها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما رَمَى بحَصاةٍ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ أمامَها فوَقَفَ مُستَقبِلَ البَيتِ رافِعًا يَدَيه يَدعو، وكانَ يُطيلُ الوُقوفَ، ثُمَّ يأتِى الجَمرَةَ الثّانيَةَ فيَرميها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما رَمَى بحَصاةٍ، ويَنحَدِرُ ذاتَ اليَسارِ ممّا يَلى الوادِىَ فيَقِفُ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ رافِعًا يَدَيه يَدعو، ثُمَّ يأتِى الجَمرَةَ التي عِندَ العَقَبَةِ فيَرميها بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ كُلَّما رَمَى بحَصاةٍ، ثُمَّ يَنصَرِفُ ولا يَقِفُ عِندَها. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ بمِثلِ هذا الحَديثِ عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَفعَلُه (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ محمدٌ - يُقالُ: إنَّه ابنُ يَحيَى (^٣) - حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٩٢)، وأبو داود (١٩٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٥٦، ٢٩٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣٦) إلا قوله: حين صلى الظهر. فهو منكر.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٠٤)، والنسائي (٣٠٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٢) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٣) هو في البخاري غير منسوب، قال ابن حجر: قال أبو على الجيانى: اختلف في محمد هذا فنسبه أبو على ابن السكن فقال: محمد بن بشار. قال: أي ابن حجر:- وهو المعتمد. وقال الكلاباذى: هو محمد بن بشار أو محمد بن المثنى. وجزم غيره بأنه الذهلى. فتح الباري ٣/ ٥٨٤. وقال العينى: لم =","vol":"10","page":174},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ (^١)\n\n٩٧٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه حَدَّثَه سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أن عبدَ اللهِ كان يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ الدُّنيا بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ يُكَبِّرُ على إثرِ كُلِّ حَصاةٍ، ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُ حَتَّى يُسهِلَ فيَقومَ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ قيامًا طَويلًا فيَدعو ويَرفَعُ يَدَيه، ثُمَّ يَرمِى الوُسطَى كَذَلِكَ فيأخُذُ ذاتَ الشِّمالِ فيُسهِلُ فيَقومُ مُستَقبِلَ القِبلَةِ قيامًا طَويلًا فيَدعو ويَرفَعُ يَدَيه، ثُمَّ يَرمِى الجَمرَةَ ذاتَ العَقَبَةِ مِن بَطنِ الوادِى ولا يَقِفُ، ويَقولُ: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن أخيه أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، [أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ] (^٤)، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن\n_________\n= أر أحدًا جزم به، وإنما وقع الاختلاف في هؤلاء المحمدين. عمدة القارى ١٠/ ١٣١.\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٥٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٠٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٧) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٥٢).\n(^٤) سقط من: س. وتقدم في (٩٤٥)، وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٢٩٨، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٨٦.","vol":"10","page":175},{"text":"وبَرَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ مَتَى أرمِى الجِمارَ؟ قال: إذا رَمَى إمامُكَ فارمِه. قال: فأعَدتُ عَلَيه المَسألَةَ فقالَ: كُنّا نَتَحَيَّنُ فإِذا زالَتِ الشَّمسُ رَمَينا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٤٩ - حدثنا أبو محمد عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قِراءَةً وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَمَى الجَمرَةَ أوَّلَ يَومٍ ضُحًى، ثُمَّ لَم يَرمِ بعدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى زالَتِ الشَّمسُ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: لا يَرمِى الجِمارَ في أيّامِ الثَّلاثَةِ حَتَّى تَزولَ الشَّمسُ (^٥).\n\n٩٧٥١ - وعن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يَقِفُ عِندَ الجَمرَتَينِ الأولَيَينِ، فيَقِفُ وُقوفًا طَويلًا ويُكَبِّرُ اللَّهَ ويُسَبِّحُه ويَحمَدُه ويَدعو اللَّهَ، لا (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٧٢) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٤٦).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٩٦٤٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٩٩).\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: كذا.","vol":"10","page":176},{"text":"يَقِفُ عِندَ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ (^١).\n\n٩٧٥٢ - وعن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُكَبِّرُ عِندَ رَمىِ الجِمارِ كُلَّما رَمَى بحَصاةٍ (^١).\n\n٩٧٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن وبَرَةَ قال: قامَ ابنُ عُمَرَ حينَ رَمَى الجَمرَةَ عن يَسارِها نَحوَ ما لَو شِئتَ قَرأتَ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن أبي مجلَزٍ في حَزْرِ قيامِ ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: فكانَ قَدرَ قِراءَةِ سورَةِ \"يوسُفَ\" (^٣).\nوعن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَقومُ بقَدرِ قِراءَةِ سورَةٍ مِنَ المِئينَ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يَعلو في الجَمرَتَينِ إذا رَماهُما (^٥).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مَرفوعًا في رَمىِ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ مِن بَطنِ الوادِى،\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٣٦، ١٤٥٣٧) من طريق آخر عن ابن عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة ٤/ ٣٠٢ (٢٦٧٥) من طريق أبى مجلز به.\n(^٤) في س: \"المئتين\". والمراد السور التي تشتمل على أكثر من مائة آية. شرح أبي داود للعينى ٣/ ٤٤٣. والأثر أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة ٤/ ٣٠٠ (٢٦٧٠).\n(^٥) عزاه في فتح الباري ٣/ ٥٨٠ لابن أبي شيبة هكذا مرفوعا، والذي في المصنف (١٣٥٧٢) موقوف على عطاء.","vol":"10","page":177},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ رَضِىَ اللهُ تَعالَى عنه، أنَّه قال: لا تُرْمَى الجَمرَةُ حَتَّى يَميلَ النَّهارُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2164>بابُ مَن شَكَّ في عَدَدِ ما رَمَى</span>\n\n٩٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الحِنَّائىُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبي مجلَزٍ أن رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنِّي رَمَيتُ الجَمرَةَ ولَم أدرِ رَمَيتُ سِتًّا أو سَبعًا؟ قال: ائتِ ذاكَ الرَّجُلَ. يُريدُ عَليًّا - ﵁ -. فذَهَبَ فسألَه، فقالَ: أمَّا أنا لَو فعَلتُ في صَلاتِى لأعَدتُ الصَّلاةَ. فجاءَ فأخبَرَه بذَلِكَ فقالَ: صَدَقَ، أو: أحسَنَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه أرادَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ: لأعَدتُ المشكوكَ في فِعلِه، كَذَلِكَ في الرَّمىِ يُعيدُ المشكوكَ في رَميِه. وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ حَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في البِناءِ على اليَقينِ (^٢)، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٩٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، قال: سُئلَ طاوُسٌ عن رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ حَصاةً؟ قال: يُطعِمُ لُقمَةً. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لمجاهِدٍ، فقالَ: أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ لَم يَسمَع\n_________\n(^١) رواية ابن مسعود تقدمت في (٩٦٢٥، ٩٦٢٧)، ورواية عمر أخرجها البغوي في الجعديات (٢٨٤٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٨٥٧، ٣٨٨٣، ٣٩٤٠).","vol":"10","page":178},{"text":"قَولَ سَعدٍ، قال سَعدُ بنُ مالكٍ: رَجَعْنا في حَجَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فمِنَّا مَن يقولُ: رَمَيتُ بسِتٍّ. ومِنَّا مَن يقولُ: رَمَيتُ بسَبعٍ. فلَم يَعِبْ ذاكَ بَعضُنا على بَعضٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2165>بابُ تأخيرِ الرَّمىِ عن وقتِه حَتَّى يُمسِىَ</span>\n\n٩٧٥٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ البُزْمِهْرَانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي حَلَقتُ قَبلَ أن أذبَحَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا حَرَجَ\". فقالَ الآخَرُ: إنِّي رَمَيتُ بعدَ ما أمسَيتُ؟ قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\". فما عَلِمتُه سُئلَ عن شَئٍ يَومَئذٍ إلَّا قال: \"لا حَرَجَ\". ولَم يأمُر بشَئٍ مِنَ الكَفَّارَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ وغَيرِه عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٣).\n\n٩٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٧٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٥١١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، مقتصرين على قول سعد بن مالك. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٨٢).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٩٧١٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٢٣، ١٧٣٥).","vol":"10","page":179},{"text":"عن ابنَةِ أخٍ لِصَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ امرأةِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّها نَفِسَت بالمُزدَلِفَةِ فتَخَلَّفَت هِىَ وصَفيَّةُ حَتَّى أتَتا (^١) مِنًى بعدَ أن غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ مِن يَومِ النَّحرِ، فأمَرَهُما عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أن تَرميا الجَمرَةَ حينَ قَدِمَتا ولَم يَرَ عَلَيهِما شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n٩٧٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: مَن نَسِىَ أيّامَ الجِمارِ، أو قال: رَمْىَ الجِمارِ، إلَى اللَّيلِ فلا يَرمِى حَتَّى تَزولَ الشَّمسُ مِنَ الغَدِ.\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن رَجُلٍ عن نافِعٍ قال: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: إذا نَسيتَ رَمْىَ الجَمرَةِ يَومَ النَّحرِ إلَى اللَّيلِ، فارمِها باللَّيلِ، وإِذا كان مِنَ الغَدِ فنَسيتَ الجِمارَ حَتَّى اللَّيلِ فلا تَرمِه حَتَّى يَكونَ مِنَ الغَدِ عِندَ زَوالِ الشَّمسِ، ثُمَّ ارمِ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2166>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ لِرِعاءِ الإبِلِ في تأخيرِ رَمىِ الغَدِ مِن يَومِ النَّحرِ إلَى يَومِ النَّفرِ الأوَّلِ وتَركِ البَيتوتَةِ بمِنًى</span>\n\n٩٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أتينا\".\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٩.","vol":"10","page":180},{"text":"المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، أن أبا البَدَّاحِ ابنَ عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ أخبَرَه، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ - ﷺ - أرخَصَ لِرِعاءِ الإبِلِ في البَيتوتَةِ يَرمونَ يَومَ النَّحرِ، ثُمَّ يَرمونَ الغَدَ أو (^١) مِن بَعدِ الغَدِ ليَومَينِ، ثُمَّ يَرمونَ يَومَ النَّفرِ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ أن أبا البَدَّاحِ أخبَرَه، عن أبيه عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ أخبَرَه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه أرخَصَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ.\n\n٩٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي البَدَّاحِ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِلرِّعاءِ أن يَتَعاقَبوا فيَرموا يَومَ النَّحرِ، ثُمَّ يَدَعوا يَومًا ولَيلَةً، ثُمَّ يَرموا الغَدَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م، وعند مالك، وابن وهب، وأبي داود، والنسائي: \"و\". والمثبت كما في بقية المصادر، وكذا في المهذب ٤/ ١٩٠٢.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٠٨)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٩٧٥) - وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٩). ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٧٧٥)، والترمذي (٩٥٥)، والنسائي (٣٠٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٧٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣٨).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":181},{"text":"٩٧٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ ومُحَمَّدٍ، عن أبيهِما، عن أبي البَدَّاحِ ابنِ عَدِيٍّ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِلرِّعاءِ أن يَرموا يَومًا ويَدَعوا يَومًا (^١). هَكَذا قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٢). وكأنَّهُما نَسَبا أبا البَدَّاحِ إلَى جَدَّه، وأبوه عاصِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2167>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في أن يَدَعوا نَهارًا ويَرموا لَيلًا إن شاءوا</span>\n\n٩٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِرِعاءِ الإبِلِ أن يَرموا الجِمارَ باللَّيلِ (^٣).\n\n٩٧٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الرّاعِى يَرمِى باللَّيلِ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٧٤)، والترمذي (٩٥٤)، والنسائي (٣٠٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر وحده به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة عن عبد الله بن أبي بكر عن أخيه عبد الملك بن أبي بكر عن أبي البداح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٨).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (١٠٩).","vol":"10","page":182},{"text":"ويَرعَى بالنَّهارِ\" (^١).\n\n٩٧٦٤ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n٩٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِلرِّعاءِ أن يَرموا باللَّيلِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2168>بابُ خُطبَةِ الإمامِ بمِنًى أوسَطَ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ</span>\n\n٩٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلَينِ مِن بَنِى بكرٍ قالا: رأينا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ بَينَ أوسَطِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ ونَحنُ عِندَ راحِلَتِه، وهِىَ خُطبَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - التي خَطَبَ بمِنًى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١١٠)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٢١، وابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٦٩. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٠٢: عمر تركوه.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٥٧٤٨) عن عبد الأعلى بن حماد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٠٣: مسلم لين. اهـ. وهو مسلم بن خالد بن قرقرة القرشي المخزومى، المعروف بالزنجى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٦٠، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٨٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٥٠٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٤٥: فقيه صدوق كثير الأوهام.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٩٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٢٠).","vol":"10","page":183},{"text":"٩٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ النُّعمَانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حِصنٍ الغَنَوِيِّ، حَدَّثَتنِى سَرَّاءُ بنتُ نَبْهَانَ وكانَت رَبَّةَ بَيتٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ، قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ في حجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"هَل تَدرونَ أىُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". قال: وهو اليَومُ الَّذِى يَدعونَ: يَومَ الرُّءوسِ (^١)، قالوا: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. قال: \"هذا أوسَطُ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، هَل تَدرونَ أىُّ بَلَدٍ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"هذا المَشعَرُ الحَرامُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إنِّى لا أدرِى لَعَلِّى لا ألقاكُم بَعدَ هذا، ألا وإِنَّ دِماءَكُم وأَموالَكُم وأَعراضَكُم عَلَيكُم حَرامٌ، كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا في بَلَدِكُم هذا حَتَّى تَلقَوا رَبّكُم فيَسأَلَكُم عن أعمالِكُم، ألا فليُبلِّغْ أدناكُم أقصاكُم، ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ لَم يَلبَثْ [إلَّا قَليلًا] (^٢) حَتَّى ماتَ - ﷺ - (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ بهَذا الإِسنادِ، وقالَ: قالَت: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الرُّءوسِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سمى بذلك لأنهم كانوا يأكلون فيه رءوس الأضاحى. أساس البلاغة ص ٣١٠ (ر أ س).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"قليلًا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٩ مختصرا. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٣) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٧٣) عن محمد بن بشار به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٢٤).","vol":"10","page":184},{"text":"٩٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ العَطَّارُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ الرَّبَذِىُّ، أخبرَنِى صَدَقَةُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أُنزِلَت هذه السُّورَةُ: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ﴾. على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في وسَطِ أيَّامِ التَّشريقِ، وعَرَفَ أنَّه الوَداعُ، فأمَرَ براحِلَتِه القَصواءِ فرُحِلَت له فرَكِبَ فوَقَفَ بالعَقَبَةِ، واجتَمَعَ النّاسُ فقالَ: \"يما أيُّها النّاسُ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في خُطبَتِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2169>بابُ مَن تَعَجَّلَ في يَومَينِ بعدَ يَومِ النَّحرِ</span>\n\n٩٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيارَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعمَرَ الدّيلِىِّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - واقِفًا بعَرَفاتٍ، فأقبَلَ أُناسٌ مِن أهلِ نَجدٍ فسألوه عن الحَجِّ؟ فقالَ: \"الحَجُّ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ، مَن أدرَكَ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فقَد أدرَكَ الحَجَّ، أيّامُ مِنًى ثَلاثَةُ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، فمَن تَعَجَّلَ في يَومَينِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه، ومَن تأَخَّرَ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n٩٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٧. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٨٥٦ - منتخب) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٠٤: موسى واه.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٥٤١)، وسيأتي في (٩٩٠٠، ٩٩٠١).","vol":"10","page":185},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا حَبَّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا قُدامَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الرُّؤَاسِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ يَعنِى في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٠٣]. قال: مَن تَعَجَّلَ في يَومَينِ غُفِرَ له، ومَن تأخَّرَ إلَى ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ غُفِرَ لَه (^١).\n\n٩٧٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَبَّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -: ﴿فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ﴾. قال: رَجَعَ مَغفورًا له. أو قال: غُفِرَ لَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2170>بابُ مَن غَرَبَت له الشَّمسُ يَومَ النَّفْرِ الأوَّلِ بمِنًى أقامَ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ الجِمارَ يَومَ الثّالِثِ بعدَ الزَّوالِ</span>\n\n٩٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: مَن غَرَبَت عَلَيه الشَّمسُ وهو بمِنًى مِن أوسَطِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، فلا يَنفِرَنَّ حَتَّى يَرمِىَ الجِمارَ مِنَ الغَدِ (^٣).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال عُمَرُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٦١ من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٦١ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٧.","vol":"10","page":186},{"text":"فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^١).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا، ورَفعُه ضَعيفٌ. وهو قَولُ الحَسَنِ وجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ والنَّخعِىِّ (^١).\n\n٩٧٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا انتَفَحَ (^٢) النَّهارُ مِن يَومِ النَّفرِ الآخِرِ، فقَد حَلَّ الرَّمىُ والصَّدَرُ (^٣). طَلحَةُ بنُ عمرٍو المَكِّىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2171>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ شَيئًا مِنَ الرَّمىِ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ أيّامُ مِنًى</span>\n\n٩٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: مَن نَسِىَ مِن نُسُكِه شَيئًا أو تَرَكَه فليُهرِقْ دَمًا. قال مالكٌ: لا أدرِى قال: تَرَكَ أم نَسِىَ؟ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) ينظر تفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٢/ ٣٦٢ عقب (١٩٠٠).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٤/ ١٩٠٤: \"انتفح\". بالحاء المهملة، وأورده ابن حجر في الدراية ٢/ ٢٨ عن المصنف وفيه: \"انتفج\" بالجيم وقال: والانتفاج: الارتفاع. وفى تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ١٠٣ عن المصنف: \"انتفخ\" بالخاء وفسره بالارتفاع. وفى الأزمنة والأمكنة للمرزوقى ١/ ٣٣٢: وانتفح النهار. وذلك قبل نصف النهار.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٧٨) من طريق ابن جريج عن ابن أبي مليكة عن ابن عباس ولفظه: رمقت ابن عباس رماها عند الظهيرة قبل أن تزول.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٣٦٢).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧١٤). وأخرجه ابن وهب (١١٢) عن مالك به. وتقدم في (٨٩٩٧).","vol":"10","page":187},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أيّوبَ: مَن تَرَكَ أو نَسِىَ شَيئًا مِن نُسُكِه فليُهرِقْ له دَمًا (^١). كأنَّه قالَهُما جَميعًا.\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: مَن نَسِىَ جَمرَةً واحِدَةً أوِ الجِمارَ كُلَّها حَتَّى يَذهَبَ أيّامُ التَّشريقِ، فدَمٌ واحِدٌ يَجزيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2172>بابٌ: لا رُخصَةَ في البَيتوتَةِ بمَكَّةَ لَيالِىَ مِنًى</span>\n\n٩٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي حَريزٌ أو أبو حَريزٍ، قال أبو بكرٍ: هذا مِن يَحيَى - يَعنِى الشَّكَّ - أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ فرُّوخَ يَسألُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: إنّا نَبتاعُ، أو قال: نَتَبايَعُ بأموالِ النّاسِ، فيأتِى أحَدُنا مَكَّةَ فيَبيتُ على المالِ؟ فقالَ: أمّا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فباتَ - أو قال: قَد باتَ - بمِنًى وظَلَّ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: لا يَبيتَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ الحاجِّ لَيالِىَ مِنًى مِن وراءِ العَقَبَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٧٧٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٩٥٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٢٥).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٤٠٦.","vol":"10","page":188},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2173>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ لأهلِ السِّقايَةِ في المَبيتِ بمَكَّةَ لَيالِىَ مِنًى</span>\n\n٩٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن العباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ - استأذَنَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَبيتَ بمَكَّةَ لَيالِىَ مِنًى مِن أجلِ سِقايَتِه فأذِنَ لَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه. قال: وتابَعَه أبو أُسامَةَ وأبو ضَمرَةَ يَعنِى أنَسَ بنَ عياضٍ، وغَيرُهُما (^٢).\n\n٩٧٧٨ - ورَواه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَخَّصَ لِلعباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ أن يَبيتَ بمَكَّةَ لَيالِىَ مِنًى مِن أجلِ سِقايَتِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٥٤). ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥١٤، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٩٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٥٩) من طريق ابن نمير وأبى أسامة به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٥)، وابن حبان (٣٨٨٩) من طريق ابن نمير وحده به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٥/ ٣٤٦)، والبخاري (١٧٤٥).","vol":"10","page":189},{"text":"فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ مَيمونٍ عن عيسَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2174>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَدءِ الرَّمىِ</span>\n\n٩٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ رَفَعَه قال: \"لما أتَى إبراهيمُ خَليلُ اللهِ ﵇ المَناسِكَ، عَرَضَ له الشَّيطان عِندَ جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ في الأرضِ، [ثُمَّ عَرَضَ له عِندَ الجَمرَةِ الثّانيَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ في الأرضِ، ثم عَرضَ له في الجَمرَةِ الثّالِثَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ في الأرضِ\"] (^٣). قال ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵁ -: الشَّيطانَ تَرجُمونَ، ومِلَّةَ أبيكُم تَتَّبِعونَ (^٤).\n\n٩٧٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيَّارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عليٍّ الغَزَّالُ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ جِبريلُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَهَبَ به ليُريَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٧٧)، وابن حبان (٣٨٩٠) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٤٣)، ومسلم (٣١٥/ ٣٤٦).\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٧٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٦ وصححه.","vol":"10","page":190},{"text":"المَناسِكَ فانفَرَجَ له ثَبيرٌ فدَخَلَ مِنًى فأراه الجِمارَ ثُمَّ أراه جَمعًا ثُمَّ أراه عَرَفاتٍ، فنَبَغَ (^١) الشَّيطانُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عِندَ الجَمرَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ، ثُمَّ نَبَغَ له في الجَمرَةِ الثّانيَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ (^٢)، ثُمَّ نَبَغَ له في جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ساخَ فذَهَبَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روِىَ عن عبدانَ بنِ عثمانَ عن أبي حَمزَةَ. تَفَرَّدَ به هَكَذا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ.\n\n٩٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى عاصِمٍ الغَنَوِىِّ، عن أبي الطُّفَيلِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: يَزعُمُ قَومُكَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - طافَ على بَعيرٍ بالبَيتِ، وأنَّه سُنَّةٌ. قال: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قُلتُ: ما صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: صَدَقوا؛ طافَ على بَعيرٍ، ولَيسَ بسُنَّةٍ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يُصرَفُ النّاسُ عنه ولا يُدفَعُ، فطافَ على البَعيرِ حَتَّى يَسمَعوا كَلامَه ولا تَنالَه أيديهِم. قُلتُ: يَزعُمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد رمَلَ بالبَيتِ، وأنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ. قال: صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا. قُلتُ: ما صَدَقوا وكَذَبوا؟ قال: صَدَقوا قَد رَمَلَ، وكَذَبوا لَيسَت بسُنَّةٍ، إنَّ قُرَيشًا قالَت: دَعُوا محمدًا وأصحابَه حَتَّى يَموتوا مَوتَ النَّغَفِ (^٤). فلَمّا صالَحوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على أن\n_________\n(^١) نبغ: خرج. تاج العروس ٢٢/ ٥٧٧.\n(^٢) من هنا سقط من المخطوطة \"س\" إلى الحديث رقم (٩٨٦٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٧ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٦٧) من طريق على بن الحسن به.\n(^٤) يأتى معناها عند المصنف في آخر الخبر الذي بعده.","vol":"10","page":191},{"text":"يَجيئوا مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ فيُقيموا بمَكَّةَ ثَلاثَةَ (^١) أيّامٍ، فقَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابُه، والمُشرِكونَ مِن قِبَلِ قُعَيقِعانَ، قال لأصحابِه: \"ارمُلوا\". ولَيسَ بسُنَّةٍ. قُلتُ: ويَزعُمُ قَومُكَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد سَعَى بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وأنَّ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ. قال: صَدَقوا، إنَّ إبراهيمَ ﵇ لما أُرِىَ المَناسِكَ عَرَضَ له شَيطانٌ عِندَ المَسعَى فسابَقَه فسَبَقَه إبراهيمُ ﵇، ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ به جِبريلُ ﵇ حَتَّى أتَى به مِنًى، فقالَ له: مُناخُ النّاسِ هذا. ثُمَّ انتَهَى إلَى جَمرَةِ العَقَبَةِ فعَرَضَ له يَعنِى الشَّيطانَ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ، ثُمَّ أتَى به جَمعًا فقالَ: هذا المَشعَرُ الحَرامُ. ثُمَّ أتَى به عَرَفَةَ فقالَ: هذه عَرَفَةُ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أتَدرِى لِمَ سُمِّيَت عَرَفَةَ؟ قال: لا. قال: لأنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ قال: له: أعَرَفتَ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أتَدرِى كَيفَ كانَتِ التَّلبيَةُ؟ قُلتُ: وكَيفَ كانَتِ التَّلبيَةُ؟ قال: إنَّ إبراهيمَ ﵇ لما أُمِرَ أن يُؤَذِّنَ في النّاسِ بالحَجِّ أُمِرَتِ الجِبالُ فخَفَضَت رُءوسَها ورُفِعَت له القُرَى فأذَّنَ في النّاسِ بالحَجِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الحَسَنِ العَمِّىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عائشةَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ وهو ابنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الغَنَوِىُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: طافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ على بَعيرٍ. وزادَ عِندَ قَولِه: ثُمَّ عَرَضَ له شَيطانٌ عِندَ الجَمرَةِ الوُسطَى فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ: ثُمَّ تَلَّه لِلجَبينِ وعَلَى إسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٤: \"فيقعدوا\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٨٢٠). وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٣٤٥، ٩٤٥٢).","vol":"10","page":192},{"text":"قَميصٌ أبيَضُ، فقالَ: يا أبتِ إنَّه لَيسَ لِى ثَوبٌ تُكَفِّنُنِى فيه. فعالَجَه ليَخلَعَه، فنودِىَ مِن خَلفِه: ﴿أَنْ يَاإِبْرَاهِيمُ (١٠٤) قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا إِنَّا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ [الصافات: ١٠٤، ١٠٥]. قال: فالتَفَتَ إبراهيمُ فإِذا هو بكَبشٍ أقرَنَ أعيَنَ (^١) أبيَضَ فذَبَحَه. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فلَقَد رأيتُنا نَتَّبِعُ ذَلِكَ الضَّربَ مِنَ الكِباشِ، فلَمّا ذَهَبَ به جِبريلُ ﵇ إلَى الجَمرَةِ القُصوَى فعَرَضَ له الشَّيطانُ فرَماه بسَبعِ حَصَياتٍ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ بنَحوِهِ. قال ابنُ عائشةَ: النَّغَفُ ديدانٌ تكونُ في مَناخِرِ الشّاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2175>بابُ كَراهيَةِ حَملِ السِّلاحِ في أيّامِ الحَجِّ وإِدخالِه الحَرَمَ مِن غَيرِ حاجَةٍ</span>\n\n٩٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه سعيدٍ قال: دَخَلَ الحَجَّاجُ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - يَعودُه وأنا عِندَه، فقالَ له: كَيفَ تَجِدُكَ؟ قال: أجِدُنِى صالحًا. قال: مَن أصابَ رِجلَكَ؟ قال: أصابَها مَن أمَرَ بحَملِ السِّلاحِ في يَومٍ لا يَحِلُّ حَملُه فيه. يَعنيه. قال: لَو عَرَفناه لَعاقَبناه. وذَلِكَ أن النّاسَ نَفَروا عَشيَّةَ النَّفرِ ورَجُلٌ مِن أحراسِ الحَجَّاجِ\n_________\n(^١) الأقرن من الكباش: الذي له قرون، وأعين: واسع العين. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٩، والتاج ٣٥/ ٤٥٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٧٧).","vol":"10","page":193},{"text":"عارِضًا حَربَتَه، فضَرَبَ ظَهرَ قَدَمِ ابنِ عُمَرَ فأمِرَ فيها حَتَّى ماتَ مِنها (^١). حَديثُ أبى نُعَيمٍ مُختَصَرٌ، وهَذا حَديثُ أبى النَّضرِ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يَعقوبَ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ بَشيرٍ (^٣) الدَّهَقانُ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ قالا: حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سُوقَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ حينَ أصابَه سِنانُ الرُّمحِ في أخمَصِ قَدَمِه، فلَزِقَت أخمَصُ قَدَمِه بالرِّكابِ فنَزَلَ فنَزَعَها، وذَلِكَ بمِنًى، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الحَجّاجَ فأتاه يَعودُه فقالَ: لَو نَعلَمُ مَن أصابَكَ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: أنتَ أصَبتَنِى. قال: وكَيفَ؟ قال: حَمَلتَ السِّلاحَ في يَومٍ لَم يَكُنْ يُحمَلُ فيه، وأدخَلتَ السِّلاحَ الحَرَمَ، وكانَ السِّلاحُ لا يَدخُلُ الحَرَمَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي السُّكَينِ (^٤) زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدٍ المُحارِبِيِّ (^٥).\n\n٩٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ١٨٦ عن أبي نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٦٧).\n(^٣) في ص ٤، م: \"بشر\". وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٤: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٣٨٣.\n(^٥) البخاري (٩٦٦).","vol":"10","page":194},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدِكُم أن يَحمِلَ بمَكَّةَ السِّلاحَ\" (^١).\n\n٩٧٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2176>بابُ حَجِّ الصَّبِىِّ</span>\n\n٩٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قَفَلَ، فلَمّا كان بالرَّوحاءِ (^٣) لَقِىَ رَكبًا فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم وقالَ: \"مَنِ القَومُ؟ \". فقالوا: المُسلِمونَ، فمَنِ القَومُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رسولُ اللهِ\". فرَفَعَت إلَيه امرأةٌ صَبيًّا لها مِن مِحَفَّةٍ (^٤)، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألِهَذا حَجٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧١٤) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٦/ ٤٤٩).\n(^٣) الروحاء: مكان قرب المدينة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٦.\n(^٤) المِحفة: مركب للنساء كالهودج، إلا أنها لا تقبب. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٣/ ١٥١ (ح ف ف).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٨١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١١١، ١١٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٨)، وأبو داود (١٧٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٦٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤٩)، وابن حبان (١٤٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"10","page":195},{"text":"وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n٩٧٨٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بامرأةٍ وهِىَ في مِحَفَّتِها، فقيلَ لها: هذا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فأخَذَت بعَضُدِ صَبِىٍّ كان مَعَها فقالَت: ألِهَذا حَجٌّ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه الرَّبيعُ عن الشّافِعِيِّ مَوصولًا.\nوكَذَلِكَ روِىَ عن أبي مُصعَبٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣). ورَواه الزَّعفَرانِىُّ في كِتابِ القَديمِ عن الشّافِعِيِّ مُنقَطِعًا دونَ ذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ وغَيرُه عن مالكٍ مُنقَطِعًا (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ مُنقَطِعًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٣٦/ ٤٠٩).\n(^٢) الشافعي ٢/ ١١١، ١١٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠٨٢)، وفى بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٥١ من طريق أبى العباس به، والنسائي (٢٦٤٨) من طريق مالك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٨٠).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (١٢٥٦)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٧٩٧).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٥٥٧) من طريق القعنبى عن مالك مرسلًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٥٢٢٧) من طريق يحيى وفيه \"عن محمد بن عقبة وإبراهيم بن عقبة عن كريب قال أحدهما عن ابن عباس\" وينظر ما سيأتي (٩٧٩٤). وأحمد (٣١٩٥)، ومسلم (١٣٣٦/ ٤١١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.","vol":"10","page":196},{"text":"ورَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ عن سُفيانَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٩٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: رَفَعَتِ امرأةٌ ابنًا لها في مِحَفَّةٍ تُرضِعُه في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ. فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألهَذا حَجٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^١). أو كما قالَ.\n\n٩٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رَفَعَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - صَبيًّا، فقالَت: ألهَذا حَجٌّ؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٧٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ أبى عَبَّادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبيه، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسيرُ بطَريقِ مَكَّةَ كَلَّمَته امرأةٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٠٢)، والنسائي (٢٦٤٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٥٥٨) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٧٨).\n(^٢) الطبراني (١٢١٧٦).","vol":"10","page":197},{"text":"مِحَفَّةٍ لها وأخَذَت بعَضُدِ صَبِيٍّ فرَفَعَته، فقالَت: ألهَذا حَجٌّ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"له حَجٌّ ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^١).\n\n٩٧٩٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى القاضِى الزُّهرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ بنِ أسباطَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على امرأةٍ وهِىَ في مِحَفَّتِها ومَعَها صَبِىٌّ، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألهَذا حَجٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رَفَعَتِ امرأةٌ صَبيًّا لها مِن مِحَفَّةٍ، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألهَذا حَجٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٧٩٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ مَهدِيٍّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢١٧٧) من طريق يعقوب بن أبي عباد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبي سلمة به.\n(^٣) الطبراني (١٢١٨٣) عن معاذ بن المثنى عن مسدد عن يحيى بن سعيد عن سفيان به، وعن يوسف القاضي عن محمد بن كثير عن سفيان به.","vol":"10","page":198},{"text":"عُقبَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه لَيسَ فيه: مِن مِحَفَّةٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثنَّى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ وعن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سُوقَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رَفَعَتِ امرأةٌ صَبيًّا لها إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى حَجَّتِه، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ألِهَذَا حَجٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولَكِ أجرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا الفاريابِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مالكٍ، عن الجُعَيدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال لِىَ السّائبُ: كان الصَّاعُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُدًّا وثُلُثَ مُدِّكُمُ اليَومَ، فزيدَ فيه فى زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ. قال السَّائبُ: وحُجَّ بى فى ثَقَلِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأنا غُلامٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٢٦٤٤)، والطبرانى (١٢١٨٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٥٦٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به. وأحمد (٣١٩٦) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٣٦/ ٤١٠) وعقب (٤١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٩٢٤) وابن ماجه (٢٩١٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به، وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٦٧١٢) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به. والنسائى (٢٥١٨) من طريق القاسم به، وليس عندهما موضع الشاهد.","vol":"10","page":199},{"text":"٩٧٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبَّادٍ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن السَّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: حُجَّ بى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وأنا ابنُ سَبِعِ سِنينَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ مالكٍ، وعن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يونُسَ عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٩٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى الثَّقَلِ أو فى الضَّعَفَةِ مِن جَمعٍ بلَيلٍ، فصَلَّينا ورَمَينا قَبلَ أن يأتيَنا النّاسُ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمَانِ عن حَمَّادِ ابنِ زَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهَدَادِىُّ، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ العَوَّامِ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ومعنا النِّساءُ والوِلدانُ حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١٨)، والترمذى (٩٢٥، ٢١٦١) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨٥٨، ١٨٥٩، ٧٣٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٢٩٣/ ٣٠٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وتقدم فى (٩٥٨٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٨٥٦).","vol":"10","page":200},{"text":"أتَينا ذا الحُلَيفَةِ، فلَبَّينا بالحَجِّ وأهلَلنا عن الوِلدانِ (^١).\n\n٩٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ السَّختيانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ السَّرَّاجُ، حدثنا عمرُو ابنُ محمدِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ النَّاقِدُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن أيمَنَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: حَجَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومعنا النِّساءُ والصِّبيانُ، فلَبَّينا عن الصِّبيانِ ورَمَينا عَنهُم (^٢).\n\n٩٨٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الصَّقْرِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سَعدُويَه، حدثنا مَنْصورُ بنُ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه بهَذا اللَّفظِ الَّذِى ذَكَرَه أيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى السَّفَرِ قال: معَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ اسمَعوا مِنِّى ما أقولُ لَكُم، وأسمِعونِى ما تَقولونَ ولا تَذهَبوا فتَقولوا: قال ابنُ عباسٍ، قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٧٠)، والترمذى (٩٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٣٨) وعند أحمد بذكر الرمى عن النساء والصبيان، وعند الترمذى بذكر التلبية عن النساء والرمى عن الصبيان، وعند ابن ماجه باللفظ الآتى. وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤٢٣ من طريق عمرو الناقد به، وعنده: عن ابن عيينة مكان: ابن نمير. وهو خطأ.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٩٢) من طريق منصور بن أبى الأسود به.","vol":"10","page":201},{"text":"ابنُ عباسٍ، مَن طافَ بالبَيتِ فليَطُفْ مِن وراءِ الحِجرِ ولا تَقولوا: الحَطيمُ، فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ كان يَحلِفُ فيُلقِى سَوطَه أو نَعلَه أو قَوسَه، وأيُّما صَبِىٍّ حَجَّ به أهلُه فقَد قَضَت حَجَّتُه عنه ما دامَ صَغيرًا، فإِذا بَلَغَ فعَلَيه حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى، وأيُّما عبدٍ حَجَّ به أهلُه فقَد قَضَت عنه حَجَّتُه ما دامَ عبدًا، فإِذا عَتَق فعَلَيه حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا أنَّه أَم يَسُقِ الحديثَ بتَمامِهِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيما مَضَى حَديثُ أبى ظَبيانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا ومَرفوعًا فى حَجِّ الصَّبِىِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن غُلامًا مِن قُرَيشٍ قَتَلَ حَمامَةً مِن حَمامِ مَكَّةَ، فأمَرَ ابنُ عباسٍ أن يُفدَى عنه بشاةٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2177>بابُ دُخولِ البَيتِ والصَّلاةِ فيهِ</span>\n\n٩٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعى ٢/ ١١١، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٥٧ من طريق أبى السفر به بذكر حج الصبى والعبد.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٨٤٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٦٨٧، ٨٦٨٨).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٠٨٨)، والشافعى فى مسنده ١/ ٥٤٣ (٨٦٣ - شفاء العى).","vol":"10","page":202},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ على ناقَةٍ لأُسامَةَ ابنِ زَيدِ حَتَّى أناخَ بفِناءِ الكَعبَةِ، فدَعا عثمانَ بنَ طَلحَةَ بالمِفتاحِ، فجاءَ به ففَتَحَ، فدَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- وأُسامَةُ وبِلالٌ وعُثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ فأجافُوا عَلَيهِمُ البابَ (^١) مَليًّا، ثُمَّ فتَحُوه. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فبادَرتُ النَّاسَ فوَجَدتُ بلالًا على البابِ فقُلتُ: أينَ صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: بَينَ العَمودَينِ المُقَدَّمَينِ. قال: ونَسيتُ أن أسألَه: كَم صَلَّى؟ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ ابنِ أنَسٍ. وأخبرَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضْرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ هو وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ الحَجَبِىُّ وبِلالٌ، فأغلَقَها عَلَيه ومَكَثَ فيها. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: فسألتُ\n_________\n(^١) أجافوا عليهم الباب: أى: ردوه عليهم. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣١٧.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٧٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٩١) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وأبو داود (٢٠٢٥)، وابن حبان (٣٢٠٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٩١).","vol":"10","page":203},{"text":"بلالًا حينَ خَرَجَ: ماذا صَنَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: جَعَلَ عَمودًا عن يَسارِه، وعَمودَينِ (^١) عن يَمينِه، وثَلاثَةَ أعمِدَةٍ وراءَه -وكانَ البَيتُ يَومَئذٍ على سِتَّةِ أعمِدَةٍ- ثُمَّ صَلَّى (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى إلَّا أنَّه قال: عَمودَينِ عن يَسارِهِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه الشّافِعِىُّ عن مالكٍ فى أحَدِ المَوضِعَينِ (^٤)، وقالَ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: عَمودًا عن يَمينِه وعَمودًا عن يَسارِهِ (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٦)، وأبو داودَ عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن مالكٍ (^٧). ورَواه ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ ويَحيَى ابنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ كما رُوِّينا (^٨). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن مالكٍ: عَمودَينِ عن يَمينِه، وعَمودًا عن يَسارِه (^٩). وهو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n٩٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الطَّالْقانِىُّ سنةَ خَمسٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٤: \"عمودًا\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٣٨٣٧).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٥٠٥)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٨٨).\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٨٣٧).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٣٨٣٧).\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى (٥٠٥)، ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٨٨). وتقدم عقب (٣٨٣٧).\n(^٧) أبو داود (٢٠٢٣). وتقدم عقب (٣٨٣٨).\n(^٨) تقدمت رواية يحيى بن بكير فى (٣٨٣٨).\n(^٩) تقدم فى (٣٨٣٩).","vol":"10","page":204},{"text":"وعِشرينَ ومِائَتَينِ قال: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سألَ بلالًا: أينَ صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ يَعنِى فى الكَعبَةِ، فأراه بلالٌ حَيثُ صَلَّى، ولَم يَسألْه: كَم صَلَّى؟ وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا دَخَلَ البَيتَ مَشَى قِبلَ وجهِه وجَعَلَ البابَ قِبلَ ظَهرِه، ثُمَّ مَشَى حَتَّى يَكونَ بَينَه وبَينَ الجِدارِ قَريبًا مِن ثَلاثَةِ أذرُعٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، يَتَوَخَّى المَكانَ الَّذِى أخبَرَه بلالٌ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى فيهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ قال: وقالَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ: أخبرَنِى نَافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أقبَلَ يَومَ الفَتحِ مِن أعلَى مَكَّةَ على راحِلَتِه فرَدفَ (^٣) أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ ومَعَه بلالٌ ومَعَه عثمانُ بنُ طَلحَةَ مِنَ الحَجَبَةِ حَتَّى أناخَ فى المَسجِدِ، فأمَرَه أن يأتِىَ بمِفتاحِ البَيتِ، ففَتَحَ، ودَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومَعَه أُسامَةُ وبِلالٌ وعُثمانُ، فمَكَثَ فيها نَهارًا طَويلًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، فاستَبَقَ النّاسُ فكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أوَّلَ مَن دَخَلَ، فوَجَدَ بلالًا وراءَ البابِ قائمًا فسألَه: أينَ صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فأشارَ له إلَى المَكانِ الَّذِى صَلَّى فيه. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فنَسيتُ أن أسألَه: كَم صَلَّى مِن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٣٨٤١).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٩٩).\n(^٣) فى المهذب ٤/ ١٩١٠: \"مردف\".","vol":"10","page":205},{"text":"سَجدَةٍ (^١)؟ أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وأبو عِمرانَ التُّسْتَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لما قَدِمَ يَعنِى مَكَّةَ أبَى أن يَدخُلَ البَيتَ وفيه الآلِهَةُ. قال: فأمَرَ بها فأُخرِجَت. قال: فأخرَجوا صورَةَ إبراهيمَ وإسماعيلَ فى أيديهِما الأزلامُ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ، أما واللَّهِ لقَد عَلِموا أنَّهُما لَم يَستَقسِما بها قَطُّ\". قال: فدَخَلَ البَيتَ فكَبَّرَ فى نَواحيه ولَم يُصَلِّ فيهِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عِمرانَ. وحَديثُ القاضِى مُختَصَرٌ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ البَيتَ فكَبَّرَ فى نَواحيه ثُمَّ نَزَلَ ولَم يُصَلِّ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٤).\nوالقَولُ قَولُ مَن قال: صَلَّى. لأنَّه شاهِدٌ، والَّذِى قال: لَم يُصَلِّ. لَيسَ بشاهِدٍ.\n\n٩٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَجَّاجٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٢٩٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن بكير عن الليث به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٨٩). وهو موصول فى التخريج السابق عن يحيى بن بكير.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٩٣)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢٧) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٦٠١).","vol":"10","page":206},{"text":"الأعوَرُ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يَزعُمُ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الصُّوَرِ فى البَيتِ، ونَهَى الرَّجُلَ أن يَصنَعَه، وأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ زَمَنَ الفَتحِ بالبَطحاءِ أن يأتِىَ الكَعبَةَ فيَمحُوَ كُلَّ صورَةٍ فيها، ولَم يَدخُلِ البَيتَ حَتَّى مُحيَت كُلُّ صورَةٍ فيهِ (^١).\n\n٩٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، أن بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ دَخَلَ البَيتَ فوَجَدَ فيه صورَةَ إبراهيمَ ومَريَمَ فقالَ: \"أمّا هُمْ فقَد سَمِعوا أنَّ المَلائِكَةَ لا تَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه صورَةٌ، هذا إبراهيمُ مُصَوَّرٌ، فما بالُه يَستَقسِمُ! \" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابن وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، عن ابنِ مُحَيصِنٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن دَخَلَ البَيتَ دَخَلَ فى حَسَنَةٍ وخَرَجَ مِن سَيِّئَةٍ، وخَرَجَ مَغفورًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٢٥) من طريق حجاج به. والترمذى (١٧٤٩)، وابن حبان (٥٨٤٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٣٥١).","vol":"10","page":207},{"text":"له\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ ولَيسَ بقَوِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n٩٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ مالكٍ اللَّخْمِىُّ بتَنِّيسَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلَمةَ التِّنّيسِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ المَكِّىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن عائشةَ كانَت تَقولُ: عَجَبًا لِلمَرءِ المُسلِمِ إذا دَخَلَ الكَعبَةَ كَيفَ يَرفَعُ بَصَرَه قِبلَ السَّقفِ!! يَدَعُ ذَلِكَ إجلالًا للَّهِ وإِعظامًا، دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الكَعبَةَ ما خَلَّفَ بَصرُه مَوضِعَ سُجودِه حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنها (^٣).\n\n٩٨١٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قِراءَةً قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِب، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السَّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كُلُّ نِسائكَ قَد دَخَلنَ البَيتَ غَيرِى. قال: \"فاذهَبِى إلَى ذِى قَرابَتِكِ فليَفْتَحْ لَكِ\". قالَت: فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأمُرُكَ أن تَفتَحَ لِى. قالَت: فاحتَمَلَ المَفاتيحَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ مَعَها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ ما فتَحتُ البابَ بلَيلٍ فى الجاهِليَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٧٢٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٣) (٣) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٤٤٧٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٩ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣٠١٢) من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به. قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩١١: هذا من المنكرات، رواه الأصم عن أحمد بن عيسى بن زيد التنيسى، وهو مجروح، عن التنيسى عمرو بن أبى سلمة عن زهير، وهو ذو مناكير.","vol":"10","page":208},{"text":"ولا فى الإسلامِ. فقالَ لِعائشَةَ: \"إنَّ قَومَكِ حينَ بَنَوُا البَيتَ قَصُرَت بهِمُ النَّفَقَةُ فتَرَكوا بَعضَ البَيتِ فى الحِجرِ، فاذهَبِى فصَلِّى فى الحِجرِ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2178>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن دُخولَه لَيسَ بواجِبٍ</span>\n\n٩٨١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى: أدَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى عُمرَتِه البَيتَ؟ قال: لا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٩٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الصُّفَيرا. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ مِهرانَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن عِندِى وهو قَريرُ العَينِ طَيِّبُ النَّفسِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَىَّ وهو حَزينٌ، فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٨٤)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٠٩٨)، والإسماعيلى فى معجمه (١٠٠) من طريق عطاء بن السائب به. قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩١١: وهذا ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٢٥) من طريق هشيم به. وأبو داود (١٩٠٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٣٢/ ٣٩٧)، والبخارى (١٦٠٠).","vol":"10","page":209},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خَرَجتَ مِن عِندِى وأنتَ كَذا وكَذا؟ قال: \"إنِّى دَخَلتُ الكَعبَةَ ووَدِدتُ أنِّى لَم أكُنْ فعَلتُه، إنِّى أخافُ أن أكونَ قَد أتعَبتُ أُمَّتِى بَعدِى\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا يَكونُ فى حَجَّتِه، وحَديثُ ابنِ أبى أوفَى فى عُمرَتِه؛ فلا يَكونُ أحَدُهُما مُخالِفًا لِلآخَرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2179>بابُ ما جاءَ فى مالِ الكَعبَةِ وكِسوَتِها</span>\n\n٩٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن واصِلِ بنِ حَيَّانَ الأحدَبِ، عن أبى وائلٍ شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ قال: جَلَستُ إلَى شَيبَةَ بنِ عثمانَ فى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ فقالَ لِى: جَلَسَ إلَىَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- مَجلِسَكَ هذا فقالَ: لَقَد هَمَمتُ أَلَّا أترُكَ فيها صَفراءَ ولا بَيضاءَ إلَّا قَسَمتُها. يَعنِى الكَعبَةَ. قال شَيبَةُ: فقُلتُ: إنَّه كان لَكَ صاحِبانِ فلَم يَفعَلاه؛ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ -﵁-. فقالَ عُمَرُ: هُما المَرءانِ أقتَدِى بهِما (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) حديث الفاكهى (١٤٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧٩ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٥٦)، وأبو داود (٢٠٢٩)، والترمذى (٨٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠١٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن عبد الملك به. قال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩١٢: وهذا غريب، رواه جماعة عن إسماعيل. . . وصححه الترمذى، وقد قال النسائى وغيره: إن إسماعيل ليس بالقوى.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨٢) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٢٠٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣١١٦) من طريق واصل به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٩٤، ٧٢٧٥).","vol":"10","page":210},{"text":"٩٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ أبنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أخبرَنِى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ أبى عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: دَخَلَ شَيبَةُ بنُ عثمانَ الحَجَبِىُّ على عائشةَ -﵂- فقالَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ إنَّ ثيابَ الكَعبَةِ تَجتَمِعُ عَلَينا فتَكثُرُ فنَعمِدُ إلَى آبارٍ فنَحتَفِرُها فنُعَمِّقُها ثُمَّ نَدفِنُ ثيابَ الكَعبَةِ فيها كَيلا يَلبَسَها الجُنُبُ والحائضُ. فقالَت له عائشَةُ -﵂-: ما أحسَنتَ، ولَبِئسَ ما صَنَعتَ، إنَّ ثيابَ الكَعبَةِ إذا نُزِعَت مِنها لَم يَضُرَّها أن يَلبَسَها الجُنُبُ والحائضُ، ولَكِن بعْها واجعَلْ ثَمَنَها فى المَساكينِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ. قالَت: فكانَ شَيبَةُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ يُرسِلُ بها إلَى اليَمَنِ فتُباعُ هُناكَ، ثُمَّ يَجعَلُ ثَمَنَها فى المَساكينِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ (^١).\n\n٩٨١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى حَفصَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كانوا يَصومونَ عاشوراءَ قَبلَ أن يُفرَضَ رَمَضانُ، وكانَ يَومًا تُستَرُ فيه الكَعبَةُ. قالَت: فلَمَّا فرَضَ اللَّهُ رَمَضانَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن شَاءَ أن يَصومَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الأزرقى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٢٦١، ٢٦٢ من طريق علقمة به. وذكره الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة ٥/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢ عن علقمة به. قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩١٢: والد على واه.","vol":"10","page":211},{"text":"فليَصُمْه، ومَن شاءَ أن يَترُكَه تَرَكَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2180>بابُ الصَّلاةِ بالمُحَصَّبِ والنُّزولِ بها</span>\n\n٩٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال حين أرادَ أن يَنفِرَ مِن مِنًى: \"نَحنُ نازِلونَ غَدًا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بخَيفِ بَنِى كِنانَةَ حَيثُ تَقاسَموا على الكُفرِ\". يَعنِى بذَلِكَ المُحَصَّبَ، وذَلِكَ أن قُرَيشًا وبَنِى كِنانَةَ تَقاسَموا على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ أَلَّا يُناكِحوهُم ولا يَكونَ بَينَهُم شَئٌ حَتَّى يُسلِموا إلَيهِم رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٦٨) من طريق ابن أبى حفصة به. وتقدم فى (٨٤٨٣، ٨٤٩٤) دون ذكر ستر الكعبة.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٩٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠١١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨١) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٥٩٠)، ومسلم (١٣١٤/ ٣٤٤).","vol":"10","page":212},{"text":"نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بنُ هَمّامٍ، أخبرَنِى مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو (^١) بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أينَ تَنزِلُ؟ وذَلِكَ فى حَجَّتِه، قال: \"وهَل تَرَكَ لَنا عَقيلٌ مَنزِلًا؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"نَحنُ نازِلونَ غَدًا خَيفَ بَنِى كِنانَةَ (^٢) حَيثُ تَقاسَموا الكُفّارُ\". يعنِى بذَلِكَ المُحَصَّبَ، وذَلِكَ أن قُرَيشًا وكِنانَةَ تَحالَفَت على بَنِى هاشِمٍ ألَّا يُنَاكِحوهُم ولا يُبايِعوهُم ولا يُؤْوهُم. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: والخَيفُ الوادِى (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وأبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- كانوا يَنزِلونَ الأبطَحَ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٤: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٥٨، ١٥٣.\n(^٢) خيف بنى كنانة: مكان بين مكة ومنى وهو أقرب إلى منى، ويسمى المحصب، والأبطح. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٩٨٥١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٧٦٦)، وأبو داود (٢٥١٠، ٢٩١٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٤٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٠٥٨)، ومسلم (١٣٥١/ ٤٤٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمه (٢٩٩١)، وأبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٠٢٢) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. والترمذى (٩٢١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٩) من طريق عبد الرزاق عن عبيد اللَّه بن عمر عن نافع به.","vol":"10","page":213},{"text":"الرّازِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^١)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ صَخرِ بنِ جوَيريَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَرَى التَّحصيبَ سُنَّةً، وكانَ يُصلَّى الظُّهرَ يَومَ النَّفرِ بالحَصْبَةِ. قال نافِعٌ: قَد حَصَّبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والخلَفاءُ بَعدَه (^٢).\n\n٩٨٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يُصَلِّى بها يَعنِى المُحَصَّبَ، الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ. قال خالِدٌ: وأحسِبُه المَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ. قال: ويَهجَعُ، ويَذكُرُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعَلَ ذَلِكَ، أو كان يَفعَلُ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَجَبِىِّ عن خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن قَتادَةَ بنَ دِعامَةَ حَدَّثَه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ والمَغرِبَ والعِشاءَ ورَقَدَ رَقدَةً بالمُحَصَّبِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣١٠/ ٣٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٠/ ٣٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٩٢) من طريق نافع به بالمرفوع.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٧٦٨).","vol":"10","page":214},{"text":"البَيتِ فطافَ بهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المُتَعالِ بنِ طالِبٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2181>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ النُّزولَ بالمُحَصَّبِ لَيسَ بنُسُكٍ يَجِبُ بتَرْكِه شَئ</span>\n\n٩٨٢٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ المُحَصَّبُ بشَئٍ، إنَّما هو مَنزِلٌ نَزَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنَّما كان مَنزِلًا نَزَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ليَكونَ أسمَحَ لخُروجِه. تَعنِى الأبطَحَ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١١٨)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٩٦٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٧٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٣٠٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٥)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٤٢٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨٩) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٧٦٦)، ومسلم (١٣١٢/ ٣٤١).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (٩٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٩٦) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (٩٢٣)، وابن =","vol":"10","page":215},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\nوزادَ بَعضُهُم عن هِشامٍ: ولَيسَ بسُنَّةٍ:\n\n٩٨٢٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، إنَّما نَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المُحَصَّبَ ليَكونَ أسمَحَ لِخُروجِه ولَيسَ بسُنَّةٍ، فمَن شاءَ [نَزَلَه ومَن شاءَ لَم يَنزِلْه] (^٢).\n\n٩٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّوّافُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: لَم يأمُرْنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن أنزِلَ بمَن مَعِى بالأبطَحِ، ولَكِن أنا ضرَبتُ قُبَّتَه ثُمَّ جاء فنَزَلَ (^٣). قال سفيانُ: كان عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحَديثِ عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ عَلَينا صالِحٌ قال عمرٌو: اذهَبوا إلَيه فسَلوه عن هذا الحَديثِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وأبِى بكرٍ\n_________\n= خزيمة (٢٩٨٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^١) البخارى (١٧٦٥)، ومسلم (١٣١١/ ٣٣٩).\n(^٢) فى ص ٤: \"تركه ومن شاء لم يتركه\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٢٠٠٨)، وأحمد (٢٥٥٧٥). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) الحميدى (٥٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد كما فى أطراف المسند (٨١٥١) - وعنه أبو داود (٢٠٠٩) - وابن خزيمة (٢٩٨٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) الحميدى (٥٥٠).","vol":"10","page":216},{"text":"وزُهَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2182>بابُ طَوافِ الوَداعِ</span>\n\n٩٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أفلَحُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى لَيالِى الحَجِّ. وذَكَرَتِ الحديثَ، وقالَت: حَتَّى قَضَى اللَّهُ الحَجَّ، ونَفَرنا مِن مِنًى فنَزَلْنا المُحَصَّبَ، فدَعا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ فقالَ: \"اخرُجْ بأُختِكَ مِنَ الحَرَمِ ثُمَّ افرُغا مِن طَوافِكُما ثُمَّ تأتيانِى ههنا بِالمُحَصَّبِ\". قالَت: فقَضَى اللَّهُ العُمرَةَ وفَرَغنا مِن طَوافِنا مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ، فأتَيناه بالمُحَصَّبِ فقالَ: \"فرَغتُنَّ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. فأذَّنَ فى الناسِ بالرَّحيلِ، فمَرَّ بالبَيتِ فطافَ به ثُمَّ ارتَحَل مُتَوَجِّهًا إلَى المَدينَةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أفلَحَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى الحَنَفِىَّ، حدثنا أفلَحُ. فذَكَرَه إلَى أن قال: قالَت: ثُمَّ جِئتُه سحرًا (^٤) فأذَّنَ فى أصحابِه بالرَّحيلِ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣١٣/ ٣٤٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٢. وتقدم فى (٨٨٦٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٦٠، ١٧٨٨)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١٢٣).\n(^٤) فى ص ٤: \"سحر\".","vol":"10","page":217},{"text":"فارتَحَلَ، فمَرَّ بالبَيتِ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فطافَ به حين خَرَجَ، ثُمَّ انصرَفَ مُتَوَجِّهًا إلَى المَدينَةِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان النَّاسُ يَنصرِفونَ فى كُلِّ وجهٍ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَنفِرَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ الحاجِّ حَتَّى يَكونَ آخِرُ عَهدِه بِالبَيتِ\" (^٣).\n\n٩٨٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ صالِحٍ الشِّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديث بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٨٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٠٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٥٦٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٧٢٥)، والمعرفة (٣٠٩٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٨٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٦)، وأبو داود (٢٠٠٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٠)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٠٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٢٤٠٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٢٧/ ٣٧٩).","vol":"10","page":218},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُمِرَ النّاسُ أن يَكونَ آخِرُ عَهدِهِم بالبَيتِ، إلَّا أنَّه خُفِّفَ عن الحائضِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: إلَّا أنَّه رُخِّصَ لِلمَرأةِ الحائضِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ -﵁- قال: لا يَصدُرَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ الحاجِّ حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ، وإِنَّ آخِرَ النُّسُكِ الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٣٤ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- رَدَّ رَجُلًا مِن مَرِّ ظَهرانَ (^٤) لَم يَكُنْ ودَّعَ البَيتَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٠٩٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨٠. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٩٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٧٥٥)، ومسلم (١٣٢٨/ ٣٨٠).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ١٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٦٩. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٧٦٢) من طريق نافع به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٨١: وفيه إسحاق وهو ثقة ولكنه مدلس، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٤) مر الظهران: قرية قرب مكة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٦٣.\n(^٥) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٧٠.","vol":"10","page":219},{"text":"٩٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَينِ جَميعًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2183>بابُ تَرَكِ الحائضِ الوَداعَ</span>\n\n٩٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حاضَت، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أحَابِسَتُنا هِىَ؟ \". قيلَ: إنَّها قَد أفاضَت. قال: \"فَلَا إِذَن\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أيُّوبَ وابنِ عُيَينَةَ واللَّيثِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٠٩٧، ٣٠٩٨)، والشافعى فى مسنده ١/ ٥٧٥ (٩٤٢ - شفاء العى) بالحديث الأول، وفى الأم ٧/ ٢٣٨ بالحديث الثانى.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٠٩٩، ٣١٠٠)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨٠، ١٨١، ومالك ١/ ٤١٢، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٣٩٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٣) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (٩٤٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٩٣) هن طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٧٥٧)، ومسلم ٢/ ٩٦٤ (١٤١١/. . .).","vol":"10","page":220},{"text":"أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وأبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَتهما، أن صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حاضَت فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بمِنًى بعدَما أفاضَت وطافَت بالبَيتِ. قالَت عائشَةُ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ صَفيَّةَ قَد حاضَت. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أحابِسَتُنَا هِىَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: أمَا إنَّها قَد أفاضَت يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وطافَت بالبَيتِ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فلتَنفِرْ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: طَمِثَت صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَىٍّ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ بعدَما أفاضَت طاهِرًا وطافَت بالبَيتِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أحابِسَتُنَا هِىَ؟ \". قالتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه إنَّها قَد أفاضَت وهِىَ طاهِرَةٌ ثُمَّ طَمِثَت بعدَ الإِفاضَةِ. فَقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فلتَنفِرْ\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣١٠١) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وأبو عوانة فى مسنده (٣٣٠٥) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٤٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢٥)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ٣٨٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٨٧)، وابن ماجه =","vol":"10","page":221},{"text":"مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطَّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٩٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: حاضَت صَفيَّةُ بعدَما أفاضَت، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أحابِسَتُنَا هِىَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّها قَد أفاضَت ثُمَّ حاضَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ. قال -ﷺ-: \"فلتَنفِرْ إذن\" (^٢).\n\n٩٨٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ، فقيلَ: إنَّها قَد حاضَت. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَلَّها حابِسَتُنا؟ \". قيلَ: إنَّها قَد أفاضَت. قال: \"فَلَا إِذَن\". قال مالكٌ: قال هِشامٌ: قال عُروَةُ: قالَت عائشَةُ ونَحنُ نَذكُرُ ذَلِكَ: فلِمَ يُقَدِّمُ الناسُ نِساءَهُم إن كان لا يَنفَعُهُم؟ ولَو كان ذَلِكَ الَّذِى يقولُ (^٣) لأصبَحَ بمِنًى أكثَرُ مِن سِتَّةِ آلافِ\n_________\n= (٣٠٧٢)، وابن حبان (٣٩٠٣) من طريق الليث عن ابن شهاب به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١١/ ٣٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٠١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٠٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) كذا فى م، وفى الأصل بدون نقط، وفى المعرفة والأم كالمثبت، وفى الموطأ برواية الليثى: يقولون، وغير منقوطة فى رواية ابن بكير.","vol":"10","page":222},{"text":"امرأةٍ حائضٍ كُلُّهُنَّ قَد أفَضنَ (^١).\n\n٩٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ الفَقيهُ بطوسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أرادَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَنفِرَ فرَأى صَفيَّةَ -﵂- على بابِ خِبائها كَئيبَةً أو (^٢) حَزينَةً لأنَّها حاضَت، فقالَ لها: \"عَقرَى (^٣) حَلقَى (^٤) \" -لُغَةُ قُرَيشٍ- \"إنَّكِ لَحابِسَتُنا! \". ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَا كُنتِ أفَضتِ يَومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". يَعنِى الطَّوافَ، قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فانفِرِى إِذَن\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n\n٩٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحافَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٠١) عن الشافعى وحده، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨١. ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ١٢ ظ، ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٤١٣ - ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٠٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٦٢) من طريق هشام به. وعند أحمد وأبى داود بدون ذكر الموقوف.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٤.\n(^٣) بعده فى ص ٤: \"أو\".\n(^٤) تقدم شرح معناها فى الحديث (٨٨٩٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٩٠) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم فى (٨٨٩٢ - ٨٨٩٤).\n(^٦) البخارى (٦١٥٧)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ٣٨٧).","vol":"10","page":223},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ قَد حاضَت. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَلَّها تَحبِسُنا؟ \". وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: \"لَعَلَّها حابِسَتُنا؟ أَلَم تَكُنْ طافَت مَعَكُنَّ بالبَيتِ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. قال: \"فاخرُجنَ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: \"فاخرُجِى\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن أبى الرِّجالِ، عن أُمِّه عمرَةَ، أنَّها أخبَرَته، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كانَت إذا حَجَّت مَعَها نِساؤُها تَخافَ أن يَحِضنَ قَدَّمَتهُنَّ يَومَ النَّحرِ فأفَضنَ، فإِن حِضنَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ لَم تَنتَظِرْ بهِنَ أن يَطهُرنَ تَنفِرُ بهِنَّ وهُنَّ حُيَّضٌ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٤١٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٤٢)، والنسائى (٣٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١١/ ٣٨٥)، والبخارى (٣٢٨).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٣١٠٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨١، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٤١٣.","vol":"10","page":224},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ. وأخبرَنَا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رُخِّصَ لِلحائضِ أن تَنفِرَ إذا أفاضَت. زادَ أبو عمرٍو فى حَديثِه قال: وسَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ أوَّلَ أمرِه: إنَّها لا تَنفِرُ. قال: ثُمَّ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ لَهُنَّ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصَّحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى حَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ إذ قال له زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: أنتَ تُفتِى أن تَصدُرَ الحائضُ قَبلَ أن يَكونَ آخِرُ عَهدِها بالبَيتِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فلا تُفتِ بذَلِكَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إمّا لِى (^٣) فسَلْ فُلانَةَ الأنصاريَّةَ هَل أمَرَها بذَلِكَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: فرَجَعَ إلَيه زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يَضحَكُ ويَقولُ: ما أَراكَ إلَّا قَد صَدَقتَ.\n\n٩٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (١٩٧٥، ١٩٧٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٠٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٩٨) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٢٩، ٣٣٠).\n(^٣) يقال: إمّا لى فافعل كذا، بالإمالة: أصله \"إن لا\"، و\"ما\" صلة. ومعناه: إن لا يكن ذلك الأمر فافعل كذا. تاج العروس ٤٠/ ٥٠٣ (ما). وينظر النهاية ١/ ٧٢.","vol":"10","page":225},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى علىٍّ السَّقّاءُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ الإسفَرايينيّانِ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سألَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ ابنَ عباسٍ عن امرأةٍ طافَت بالبَيت يَومَ النَّحرِ ثُمَّ حاضَت. فقالَ: تَنفِرُ. فقالوا: لا نأخُذُ بقَولِكَ وهَذا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يُخالِفُكَ. قال: إذا أتَيتُمُ المَدينَةَ فسَلوا. فلَمّا قَدِموا المَدينَةَ سألوا، فأخبَروهُم بصَفيَّةَ، وكانَ فيمَن سألوا أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ فأخبَرَتهُم بصَفيَّةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن حَمَّادٍ. قال البخارىُّ: ورَواه خالِدٌ وقَتادَةُ عن عِكرِمَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال: تُقيمُ حَتَّى تَطهُرَ ويَكونَ آخِرُ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٩٩٠). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٢٠١) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٢٨/ ٣٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٥/ ١٢٩ (٣١٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٧٥٨، ١٧٥٩).","vol":"10","page":226},{"text":"عَهدِها بالبَيتِ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إذا كانَت قَد طافَت يَومَ النَّحرِ فلتَنفِر. فأرسَلَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ: إنِّى وجَدتُ الَّذِى قُلتَ كما قُلتَ. قال: فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنِّى لأعلَمُ قَولَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلنِّساء ولَكِن أحبَبتُ أن أقولَ بما فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٢٩]. فقَد قَضَتِ التَّفَثَ ووَفَتِ النَّذرَ وطافَت بالبَيتِ، فما بَقِىَ؟!\n\n٩٨٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: إذا طافَت يَومَ النَّحرِ ثُمَّ حاضَت فلتَنفِرْ. وقالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: لا تَنفِرُ حَتَّى تَطهُرَ وتَطوفَ بالبَيتِ ثُمَّ أرسَلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ.\n\n٩٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: اختَلَفَ فيها ابنُ عباسٍ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ؛ فقالَ زَيدٌ: ليَكُنْ آخِرُ عَهدِها بالبَيتِ. يَعنِى الطَّوافَ بالبَيتِ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إذا أفاضَت يَومَ النَّحرِ ثُمَّ حاضَت فلتَنفِرْ إن شاءَت. فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: إنّا لا نُتابِعُكَ إذا خالَفتَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: سَلوا صاحِبَتَكُم أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ. فسَألُوها فأنبأت أن صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىٍّ بنِ أخطَبَ حاضَت بعدَما طافَت بالبَيتِ يَومَ النَّحرِ،","vol":"10","page":227},{"text":"فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: الخَيبَةُ لَكِ، حَبَستِنا. فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأمَرَها أن تَنفِرَ، وأخبَرَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ أنَّها لَقيَت ذاكَ وأمَرَها أن تَنفِرَ (^١). أشارَ البخارىُّ إلَى هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2184>بابُ الوُقوفِ فى المُلتَزَمِ</span>\n\n٩٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ داودَ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُلزِقُ وجهَه وصَدرَه بالمُلتَزَمِ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ يَعنِى ابنَ بلالٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَلزَمُ ما بَينَ الرُّكنِ والبابِ، وكانَ يقولُ: ما بَينَ الرُّكنِ والبابِ يُدعَى المُلتَزَمَ، لا يَلزَمُ ما بَينَهُما أحَدٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٢٧) من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٧٥٨، ١٧٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٤١٨، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٨٩ من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩١٧: مثنى لين. وينظر ما تقدم فى (٩٤٠٦).","vol":"10","page":228},{"text":"يَسألُ اللَّهَ شَيئًا إلَّا أعطاه إيّاه (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ، وسائرُ الأحاديثِ فيه قَد مَضَتْ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قال: أُحِبُّ له إذا ودَّعَ البَيتَ أن يَقِفَ فى المُلتَزَمِ وهو بَينَ الرُّكنِ والبابِ فيَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ البَيتُ بَيتُكَ، والعَبدُ عبدُكَ، وابنُ عبدِكَ، وابنُ أمَتِكَ، حَمَلْتَنِى على ما سَخَّرتَ لِى مِن خَلقِكَ حَتَّى سَيَّرتَنِى فى بلادِكَ، وبَلَّغتَنِى بنِعمَتِكَ حَتَّى أعَنتَنِى على قَضاءِ مَناسِكِكَ، فإِن كُنْتَ رَضيتَ عَنِّى فازدَدْ عَنِّى رِضًا، وإِلا فمِنَ الآنَ قَبلَ أن تَنأى عن بَيتِكَ دارِى، فهَذا أوانُ انصِرافِى إن أذِنتَ لِى، غَيرَ مُستَبدِلٍ بكَ ولا ببَيتِكَ، ولا راغِبٍ عَنكَ ولا عن بَيتِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ فاصحَبْنِى بالعافيةِ فى بَدَنِى، والعِصْمَةِ فى دينِى، وأحسِنْ مُنقَلَبِى، وارزُقْنِى طاعَتَكَ ما أبقَيتَنِى (^٣). وهَذا مِن قَولِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀، وهو حَسَنٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2185>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يُقالَ لِلَّذِى لَم يَحُجَّ: صَرورَةٌ </span>(^٤)\n\n٩٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البُرسانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٠٦٠). وأخرجه الأزرقى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٤٧ من طريق أبى الزبير بنحوه.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٩٤٠٥ - ٩٤٠٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٠٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٢١.\n(^٤) الصرورة: هو الذى لم يحج قط، أو الذى انقطع عن النكاح عن طريق الرهبنة، وأصله من الصَّرِّ: الحبس والمنع. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٢، وعون المعبود ٢/ ٧٤.","vol":"10","page":229},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَكما عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءٍ -يُقالُ: هو عُمَرُ بنُ عَطاءِ بنِ وَرَازٍ (^١) - عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَرُورَةَ فى الإسلامِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣).\n\n٩٨٥٥ - ورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤) عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُقالَ لِلمُسلِمِ: صَرورَةٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزَّازُ، حدثنا طاهِرُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ نِزارٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nوقَد رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٦).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو عن عِكرِمَةَ مِن قَولِه، ونَفَى أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أو عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٧). فاللَّهُ أعلمُ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرِه عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ يَلطِمُ الرَّجُلَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٤: \"وران\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٦٣، ٤٦٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٤٤) من طريق محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٢٩). وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٨٠).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٩٣٠٨).\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩٤.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٢٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٧) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٣/ ٣١٦ من طريق عاصم الأحول عن عكرمة.","vol":"10","page":230},{"text":"ويَقولُ: إنِّى صَرورَةٌ فيُقالُ له: دَعُوا الصَّرورَةَ لجَهلِه وإِن رَمَى بجَعرِه (^١) فى رِجلِه (^٢). فقال رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا صَرورَة فى الإسلامِ\" (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: يَلطِمُ وجهَ الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ يقولُ: إنِّى صَرورَةٌ. فيُقالُ: رُدُّوا صَرورَةَ وجهِه ولَو ألقَى سَلحَه (^٤) فى رِجلِهِ (^٥).\nورُوِىَ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ؛ تارَةً عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، وتارَةً عن ابنِ جُبَيرٍ عن أبيه، وتارَةً عن ابنِ أخِى جُبَيرٍ، وتارَةً عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أُراه عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"دَخَلَتِ العُمرَةُ فى الحَجِّ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، لا صَرورَةَ\" (^٦).\n\n٩٨٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا عَبْدانُ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أُراه رَفَعَه قال: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) الجَعْر: ما يبس من العذرة فى الدبر أو خرج يابسًا. تاج العروس ١٠/ ٤٣٦ (ج ع ر).\n(^٢) فى شرح المشكل \"رَحْله\". وكذا ذكره ابن الأثير فى النهاية ١/ ٢٧٥. وينظر أخبار مكة للأزرقى ١/ ١٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٢٨٤) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) السَّلْح والسُّلاح: النجو. التاج ٦/ ٤٧٩ (س ل ح).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٣/ ٣١٦ من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٧٦٠) من طريق منصور بن أبى سليمان عن ابن أخى جبير به، والبزار (١١٤٨ - كشف) من طريق منصور بن أبى سليمان عن نافع بن جبير عن أبيه، وليس فيه ذكر الصرورة. والطبرانى (١٥٨١) من طريق منصور عن كلاب بن على عن ابن جبير به. وأخرج الدارقطنى ١٣/ ٤٣٤، ٤٣٥ من طريق منصور بن أبى سليمان عنهم جمعيًا، إلَّا أن عنده: عن منصور عن كلاب بن على عن ابن جبير عن أبيه. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٧٨: رواه البزار وضعفه.","vol":"10","page":231},{"text":"يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: إنِّى صَرورَةٌ\". قال سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ: لَم يَرفَعْه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا مُعاويَةُ (^١).\n\n٩٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: لا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: إنِّى صَرورَةْ؛ فإِنَّ المُسلِمَ لَيسَ بصَرورَةٍ، ولا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: إنِّى حاجٌّ؛ فإِنَّ الحاجَّ هو المُحرِمُ (^٢). مُرسَلٌ، وهو مَوقوفٌ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2186>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يُقالَ لِلمُحَرَّمِ: صَفَرٌ. وأنَّ النَّسِئَ مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ</span>\n\n٩٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: أكرَهُ أن يُقالَ لِلمُحَرِّمِ: صَفَرٌ. ولَكِنْ يُقالُ له: المُحَرَّمُ. وإِنَّما كَرِهتُ أن يُقالَ لِلمُحَرَّمِ: صَفَرٌ. مِن قِبَلِ أن أهلَ الجاهِليَّةِ كانوا يَعُدُّونَ فيَقولونَ: صَفَرانِ. لِلمُحَرَّمِ وصَفَرٍ، ويُنسِئونَ فيَحُجّونَ عامًا فى شَهرٍ وعامًا فى غَيرِه، ويَقولونَ: إن أخطأنا مَوضِعَ الحَرَم فى عامٍ أصَبناه فى غيرِه. فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾ الآيَةَ [التوبة: ٣٧].\n_________\n(^١) الطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٢٩٧) وفيه: حدثنا أحمد حدثنا شعيب. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩٣ من طريق شعيب بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٣/ ٣١٨، والطبرانى (٨٩٣٢) من طريق المسعودى به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٢٣٤: والقاسم لم يدرك ابن مسعود.","vol":"10","page":232},{"text":"وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الزَّمانَ قَدِ استَدارَ كَهَيئَتِه يَومَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَواتِ والأَرْضَ\". فلا شَهرَ يُنسأُ وسَمَّاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المُحَرَّمَ (^١).\n\n٩٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبى بكرَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الزَّمانَ قَدِ استَدارَ كَهَيئَتِه يَومَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ؛ السَّنَةُ اثنا عَشَرَ شَهرًا، مِنها أربَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوالياتٌ؛ ذو القَعدَةِ وذو الحِجَّةِ والمُحَرَّمُ، ورَجَبٌ شَهرُ مُضَرَ الَّذِى بَينَ جُمادَى وشَعبانَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"أىُّ شَهرٍ هذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمِّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه، قال: \"ألَيسَ ذو (^٢) الحِجَّةِ؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: \"فأَىُّ بَلَدٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمِّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه. قال: \"ألَيْسَ البَلدَةَ؟ \". قُلْنَا: بَلَى. قال: \"فأَىُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه سَيُسَمِّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه. قال: \"أَلَيْسَ يَومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فإِنَّ دِماءَكُم وأَموالَكُم -قال محمدٌ: وأحسِبُه قال: وأَعراضَكُم- حَرامٌ عَلَيكُم كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا، فى بَلَدِكُم هذا، فى شَهرِكُم هذا، وسَتَلقَونَ رَبَّكُم فيَسأَلُكُم عن أعمالِكُم،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٠٩).\n(^٢) فى م: \"ذا\".","vol":"10","page":233},{"text":"فلا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى ضُلَّالًا (^١) يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ، ألا ليُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الغائبَ، فلَعَلَّ بَعْضَ مَن يُبَلَّغُه أوعَى له مِن بَعضِ مَن سَمِعَه\". ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". لَم يَسُقِ الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀ مَتنَه وقالَ: عن محمدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الزَّمانَ قَدِ استَدارَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾. قال: النَّسِئُ أن جُنادَةَ بنَ عَوفِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الكِنانِىَّ كان يُوافِى المَوسِمَ كُلَّ عامٍ وكانَ يُكنَى أبا ثُمامَةَ، فيُنادِى: ألا إنَّ أبا ثُمامَةَ لا يُحابُ ولا يُعابُ، ألا وإِنَّ عامَ صَفَرٍ الأوَّلَ العامَ حَلالٌ. فيُحِلُّه لِلنّاسِ، فيُحَرِّمُ صَفَرًا عامًا ويُحَرِّمُ المُحَرَّمَ عامًا، فذَلِكَ قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ص ٤: \"كفارًا\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٠٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٨١٦٠) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٩٧٥) وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة طرفه الأول: \"إن الزمان قد استدار. . . \"، وطرفه الآخر: \"فلا ترجعوا ضلَّالًا. . . \". وتقدم فى (٩٦٩٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٢٩)، والبخارى (٤٤٠٦، ٧٤٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١١/ ٤٥١، ٤٥٢، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٩٣ من طريق =","vol":"10","page":234},{"text":"٩٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: الرَّفَثُ الجِماعُ، والفُسوقُ المَعاصِى، ﴿وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٧]. يقولُ: لَيسَ هو شَهرٌ يُنسأُ، قَد تَبَيَّنَ الحَجُّ لا شَكَّ فيه، وذَلِكَ أنَّهُم كانوا فى الجاهِليَّةِ يُسقِطونَ المُحَرَّمَ ثُمَّ يَقولونَ: صَفَرٌ بصفَرٍ. ويُسقِطُونَ شَهرَ رَبيعٍ الأوَّلِ ثُمَّ يَقولونَ: شَهرُ رَبيعٍ بشَهرِ رَبيعٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: اختَلَفوا فى حَجِّ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- قَبلَ حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- هَل كان فى ذِى القَعدَةِ أو فى ذِى الحِجَّةِ؟ فذَهَبَ مُجاهِدٌ إلَى أنَّه وقَعَ فى ذِى القَعدَةِ، وذَهَبَ بَعضُهُم إلَى أنَّه وقَعَ فى ذِى الحِجَّةِ.\n\n٩٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ ابنَ حَنبَلٍ حِكايَةً عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾. قال: حَجّوا فى ذِى الحِجَّةِ عامَينِ، ثُمَّ حَجُّوا فى المُحَرَّمِ عامَينِ، فكانوا يَحُجُّونَ فى كُلِّ سنةٍ فى كُلِّ شَهرٍ عامَينِ، حَتَّى وافَقَت حَجَّةُ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- الآخِرَ مِنَ العامينِ فى ذِى القَعدَةِ قَبلَ حَجَّةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بسَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مِن قابِلٍ فى ذِى الحِجَّةِ، فذَلِكَ حين يقولُ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى خُطبَتِه: \"إنَّ الزَّمانَ قَدِ (^٢) استَدارَ كَهَيئَتِه يَومَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ\". قال أبو\n_________\n= عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٢٩.\n(^٢) إلى هنا ينتهى السقط فى النسخة \"س\" والمشار إليه فى الحديث (٩٧٨٠).","vol":"10","page":235},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ: حدثنا بهَذا الحَديثِ عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ (^١).\n\n٩٨٦٣ - قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: فأمَّا الزُّهرِىُّ فحُكِىَ عنه قال: أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَنِى أبو بكرٍ فى تِلكَ الحَجَّةِ فى مُؤَذِّنينَ يَومَ النَّحرِ نُؤَذَنُ بمِنًى: ألا يَحُجَّ بعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ، ولا يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حَديثُ الزُّهرِىِّ إسنادُه إسنادٌ جَيِّدٌ، وإِنَّما كانَت حَجَّةُ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- فى ذِى الحِجَّةِ على ما ذَكَرَ الزُّهرِىُّ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: قَد نَزَلَت سورَةُ \"بَراءَةَ\" قَبلَ حَجَّةِ أبى بكرٍ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى عنه وفيها: ﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾. وفيها: ﴿إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٦]. فهَل كان يَجوزُ أن يَحُجَّ أبو بكرٍ على حَجِّ العَرَبِ وقَد أخبَرَ اللَّهُ أن فِعلَهُم ذَلِكَ كان كُفرًا؟! (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2187>بابُ ما يُفسِدُ الحَجَّ</span>\n\n٩٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ الفَسَوِيُّ الدَّاوُدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو على محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ اللُّؤلُؤىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى قال: أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ أو زَيدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ -شَكَّ أبو تَوبَةَ- أن\n_________\n(^١) تفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ٢٧٥، ٢٧٦ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١١/ ٤٥٤، ٤٥٥.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٣٨٠).","vol":"10","page":236},{"text":"رَجُلًا مِن جُذامٍ جامَعَ امرأتَه وهُما مُحرِمانِ، فسألَ الرَّجُلُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لَهُما: \"اقضِيا نُسُكَكُما، وأَهدِيا هَديًا ثُمَّ ارجِعا، حَتَّى إذا جِئتُما المَكانَ الَّذِى أصَبتُما فيه ما أصَبتُما فتَفَرَّقا ولا يَرَى واحِدٌ مِنكُما صاحِبَه، وعَلَيكُما حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى، فتُقبِلانِ حَتَّى إذا كُنتُما بالمَكانِ الَّذِى أصَبتُما فيه ما أصَبتُما، فأَحرِما وأتِمَّا نُسُكَكُما وأَهدِيا\" (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وهو يَزيدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الأسلَمِىُّ بلا شَكٍّ، وقَد رُوِىَ ما فى حَديثِه أو أكثَرُه عن جَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٩٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ وعَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ وأبا هريرةَ -﵃- سُئلوا عن رَجُلٍ أصابَ أهلَه وهو مُحرِمٌ بالحَجِّ، فقالوا: يَنفُذانِ لِوَجهِهِما حَتَّى يَقضِيا حَجَّهُما، ثُمَّ عَلَيهِما الحَجُّ مِنْ قابِلٍ والهَدىُ. وقالَ علىُّ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: فإِذا أهَلَّا بالحَجِّ عامَ قابِلٍ تَفَرَّقا حَتَّى يَقضِيا حَجَّهُما (^٢).\n\n٩٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو يَعنِى الأوزاعِىَّ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال فى مُحرِمٍ بحَجَّةٍ أصابَ امرأتَه -يَعنِى وهِى مُحرِمَةٌ- قال: يَقضيانِ حَجَّهُما وعَلَيهِما الحَجُّ مِنْ قابِلٍ مِن حَيثُ كانا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٤٠).\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٨١، ٣٨٢.","vol":"10","page":237},{"text":"أحرَما، ويَفتَرِقانِ حَتَّى يُتِمَّا حَجَّهُما. قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: وعَلَيهِما بَدَنَةٌ إن أطاعَته أوِ استَكرَهَها، فإنَّما عَلَيهِما بَدَنَةٌ واحِدَةٌ (^١).\n\n٩٨٦٧ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى الوَليدِ الفَقيهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ قال: سألتُ مُجاهِدًا عن المُحرِمِ يُواقِعُ امرأتَه، فقالَ: كان ذَلِكَ على عَهدِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، قال: يَقضيانِ حَجَّهُما واللَّهُ أعلمُ بحَجِّهِما، ثُمَّ يَرجِعانِ حَلالًا كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما لِصاحِبِه، فإِذا كانا مِن قابِلٍ حَجّا وأهدَى وتَفَرَّقا فى (^٢) المَكانِ الَّذِى أصابَها (^٣).\n\n٩٨٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ عامِرِ بنِ واثِلَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى رَجُلٍ وقَعَ على امرأتِه وهو مُحرِمٌ، قال: اقضِيا نُسُكَكُما وارجِعا إلَى بَلَدِكُما، فإِذا كان عامُ قابِلٍ فاخرُجا حاجَّينِ، فإِذا أحرَمتُما فتَفَرَّقا ولا تَلتَقيا حَتَّى تَقضِيا نُسُكَكُما، وأهديا هَدِيًا (^٤).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى هذه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١١).\n(^٢) فى س: \"من\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٢٢٩).\n(^٤) حديث على بن حجر عن إسماعيل بن جعفر (١١٤).","vol":"10","page":238},{"text":"القِصَّةِ: ثُمَّ أهِلَّا مِن حَيثُ أهلَلتُما أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ (^١).\n\n٩٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: أخبرَنِى. وقالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ الفَقيهُ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وعَلِىُّ ابنُ حَربٍ المَوصِلِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا أتَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو يَسألُه عن مُحرِمٍ وقَعَ بامرأةٍ، فأشارَ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: اذهَبْ إلَى ذَلِكَ فسَلْه. قال شُعَيبٌ: فلَم يَعرِفْه الرَّجُلُ، فذَهَبتُ مَعَه فسألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ، فقالَ: بَطَلَ حَجُّكَ. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فما أصنَعُ؟ قال: اخرُجْ مَعَ النّاسِ واصنَعْ ما يَصنَعونَ، فإِذا أدرَكتَ قابِلًا فحُجَّ وأهدِ. فرَجَعَ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو وأنا مَعَه فأخبَرَه، فقالَ: اذهَبْ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فسَلْه. قال شُعَيبٌ: فذَهَبتُ مَعَه إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فسألَه، فقالَ له كما قال ابنُ عُمَرَ. فرَجَعَ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو وأنا مَعَه فأخبَرَه بما قال ابنُ عباسٍ، ثُمَّ قال: ما تَقولُ أنتَ؟ فقالَ: قَولِى مِثلُ ما قالا (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وفيه دَليلٌ على صِحَّةِ سَماعِ شُعَيبِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٤/ ١٥٦ عن أبى الطفيل.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١١٣) عن الحاكم، والحاكم ٢/ ٦٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٥٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٢٣٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.","vol":"10","page":239},{"text":"٩٨٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو فسألَه عن مُحرِمٍ وقَعَ با مرأتِه، فلَم يَقُلْ شَيئًا. قال: فأتَى ابنَ عباسٍ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو: إن يَكُنْ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُه فيها بشَئٍ فابنُ عَمِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يَقضيانِ ما بَقِىَ مِن نُسُكِهِما، فإِذا كان قابِلٌ حَجّا، فإِذا أتَيا المَكانَ الَّذِى أصابا فيه ما أصابا تَفَرَّقا، وعَلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما هَدىٌ. أو قال: عَلَيهِما الهَدىُ. قال أبو بشرٍ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فقالَ: هَكَذا كان ابنُ عباسٍ يَقولُ (^١).\n\n٩٨٧١ - وأنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أن أبا محمدِ بنَ زيادٍ أخبَرَهم، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرٍ القَيسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيج، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أن رَجُلًا وامرأتَه مِن قُرَيشٍ لَقِيا ابنَ عباسٍ بطَريقِ المَدينَةِ فقالَ: أصَبتُ أهلِى. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أمَّا حَجُّكُما هذا فقَد بَطَلَ، فحُجَّا عامًا قابِلًا ثُمَّ أهِلَّا مِن حَيثُ أهلَلتُما، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغتُما حَيثُ وقَعْتَ عَلَيها ففارِقْها؛ فلا تَراكَ ولا تَراها حَتَّى تَرمِيا الجَمرَةَ، وأهدِ ناقَةً ولتُهدِ ناقَةً (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٦٢)، وفى المعرفة (٣١١٤).\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩٢٢: هذا صحيح.","vol":"10","page":240},{"text":"٩٨٧٢ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا جامَعَ فعَلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بَدَنَةٌ (^١).\n\n٩٨٧٣ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يُجزِئُ بَينَهُما جَزورٌ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٧٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: جاءَ ابنَ عباسٍ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: وقَعتُ على امرأتِى قَبلَ أن أزورَ. فقالَ: إن كانَت أعانَتكَ فعَلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنكُما ناقَةٌ حَسناءُ جَملاءُ (^٣)، وإِن كانَت لَم تُعِنْكَ فعَلَيكَ ناقَةٌ حَسناءُ جَملاءُ (^٤).\nورُوِّينَا عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبى الشَّعثاءِ أنَّه قال: يُتِمّانِ حَجَّهُما وعَلَيهِما الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ، وإِن كان ذا مَيسَرَةٍ أهدَى جَزورًا (^٥). وعن إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٢٤١) من طريق عمر بن ذر به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٦٣)، والمعرفة عقب (٣١١٤) عن عطاء عن ابن عباس.\n(^٣) جملاء: جميلة، وقال ابن عباد: التامة الجسم من كل حيوان. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٩٩، والتاج ٢٨/ ٢٣٦ (ج م ل).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٦٣) عن ابن خثيم. وفى المعرفة عقب (٣١١٤) عن سعيد بن جبير. معلقًا فى الموضعين.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٢٣٢).","vol":"10","page":241},{"text":"النَّخَعِىِّ: يَفتَرِقانِ ولا يَجتَمِعانِ حَتَّى يَفرُغا مِن حَجِّهِما (^١).\n\n٩٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: كَيفَ تَرَونَ فى رَجُلٍ وقَعَ بامرأتِه وهو مُحرِمٌ؟ فلَم يَقُلْ له القَومُ شَيئًا. قال سعيدٌ: إنَّ رَجُلًا وقَعَ بامرأتِه وهو مُحرِم فبَعَثَ إلَى المَدينَةِ يَسالُ عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ له بَعضُ النّاسِ: يُفَرَّق بَينَهُما إلَى عامٍ قابِلٍ. قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: لِيَنفُذان (^٢) لوَجْهِهما (^٣) فليُتما حَجَّهُما الَّذِى أفسَدا، فإِذا فرَغا رَجَعا، وإِذا أدرَكَهُما الحَجُّ فعَلَيهِما الحَجُّ والهَدىُ، ويُهِلَّا مِن حَيثُ كانا أهَلَّا بحَجِّهِما الَّذِى كانا أفسَدا، ويَتَفَرَّقا حَتَّى يَقضيا حَجَّهُما (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2188>بابُ المُحرِمِ يُصيبُ امرأتَه ما دونَ الجِماعِ</span>\n\n٩٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى الآثار (٥٣٧) بنحوه.\n(^٢) فى مسلم: \"لينفران\". وهو كذلك بثبوت النون فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير والمهذب ٤/ ١٩٢٢، وبحذفها فى رواية يحيى، وقال السيوطى عن ثبوت النون فى مثل هذا: وهى لغة قليلة. الديباج على مسلم ٣/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٣) فى ص ٤، م: \"لوجوههما\".\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ٤ و، ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٨٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٢٣٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"10","page":242},{"text":"محمدٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا شَريك، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: مَن قَبَّلَ امرأتَه وهو مُحرِمٌ فليُهَرِقْ دَمًا (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ. وقَد رُوِىَ فى مَعناه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وأنَّه يُتِمُّ حَجَّه. وهو قَولُ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وقَتادَةَ والفُقَهاءِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2189>بابُ المُفسِد لحَجِّه لا يَجِدُ بَدَنَةً ذَبَحَ بَقَرَةً، فإِن لَم يَجِدْها ذَبَحَ سَبعًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ</span>\n\n٩٨٧٧ - استِدلالا بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا داودُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا قتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَحَرنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالحُدَيبيَةِ البَدَنَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٩٦٠) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٩٦١ - ١٢٩٧٣).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٣ عن ابن أبى المعروف، وابن وهب (١٧٧) - ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٠١) - ومالك ٢/ ٤٨٦ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤١٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٨٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (٩٠٤، ١٥٠٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٢٢) من طريق قتيبة به.","vol":"10","page":243},{"text":"مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٩٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ بَدَنَةً فلَم أجِدْها. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اذبَحْ سبعًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىُّ. أورَدَه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" (^٣)؛ لأنَّ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ لَم يُدرِكِ ابنَ عباسٍ، وقَد رُوِىَ مَوقوفًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2190>بابُ التَّخييِر فى فِديَةِ الأذَى</span>\n\n٩٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا السَّكَنُ بنُ نافِعٍ أبو الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ قال: فىَّ أُنزِلَت\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٠).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٧٨). وأخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٢٣٢٩) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) المراسيل (١٥٤، ١٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال البوصيرى فى الزوائد: رجال الإسناد رجال الصحيح إلا أن عطاء الخراسانى لم يسمع من ابن عباس. قاله الإمام أحمد. ولكن قال شيخنا أبو زرعة: روايته عن ابن عباس فى صحيح البخارى. أى فهذا يدلُّ على السماع. وقال: ابن جريج مدلس، وقد رواه بالعنعنة. وقال يحيى بن سعيد القطان: ابن جريج عن عطاء الخراسانى ضعيف. إنما هو كتاب دفعه إليه. المصباح ٣/ ٥٢.","vol":"10","page":244},{"text":"هذه الآيَةُ (^١). قال: فأَتيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ لِى: \"ادنُ\". فدَنَوتُ، مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فقالَ: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ؟ \". أظُنُّه قال: نَعَم. قال: وقالَ أيّوبُ عن مُجاهِدٍ: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّ رأسِكَ؟ \". فأمَرَنِى بصَومٍ أو بصَدَقَةٍ أو بنُسُكٍ ما تَيَسَّرَ. قال ابنُ عَونٍ: ففَسّروَ لِى مُجاهِدٌ فنَسيتُ، فأنبأنِى أيُّوبُ أنَّه سَمِعَه عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: صيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، أو صَدَقَةُ سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ، أو نُسُكُ شاةٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُحرِمًا فآذاه القَملُ، فأمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَحلِقَ رأسَه وقالَ: \"صُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ مُدَّينِ مُدَّينِ، أوِ انسُكْ شاةً، أىَّ ذَلِكَ فعَلتَ أجزَأَ عَنْكَ\" (^٤). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ.\nوقَد رَواه مالكٌ مَرَّةً أُخرَى عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى دونَ ذِكرِ مُجاهِدٍ فى إسنادِهِ:\n\n٩٨٨١ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) يشير إلى قوله تعالى: ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ﴾ من الآية ١٩٦ من سورة البقرة.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤١١١، ١١٠٣٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٨٢) من طريق ابن عون به. وتقدم فى (٧٧٩٢، ٨٧٧٥، ٩١٦٤)، وسيأتى فى (٩٩٩١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٠٨)، ومسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨١).\n(^٤) ابن وهب (١٦٠). وتقدم فى (٩١٦٤).","vol":"10","page":245},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبَرَنَاه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه دونَ ذِكرِ مُجاهِدٍ فى إسنادِه (^١).\nوفِى بَعضِ هذه العَرَضاتِ سَمِعَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى جَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ \"الموطأ\" دونَ العَرضَةِ التى شَهِدَها ابنُ وهبٍ، ثُمَّ إنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ تَنَبَّهَ له فى رِوايَةِ المُزَنِىِّ وابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ عنه فقالَ: غَلِطَ مالكٌ فى هذا الحَديثِ؛ الحُفَّاظُ حَفِظوه عن عبدِ الكَريمِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما غَلِطَ فى هذا بَعضَ العَرَضاتِ، وقَد رَواه فى بَعضِها على الصِّحَّةِ.\nورَواه أيضًا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو عن عبدِ الكَريمِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن كَعبٍ (^٣).\nورُوِّيناه فيما مَضَى مِن حَديثِ أبى قِلابَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٦١)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٥ ظ، ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٤١٧. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٦٣٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١١٥)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٤٦٢، ٤٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٩/ ١١٠ (٢٢٢) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به. وتقدم من طريق ابن عيينة فى (٩١٦٦).","vol":"10","page":246},{"text":"كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ قال فيه: \"ثَلَاثَةُ آصُعٍ مِن تَمرٍ\" (^١). ومِن حَديثِ الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: \"فرَقًا مِن زَبيبٍ\" (^٢). ومِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن كَعبٍ: \"لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ نِصفُ صاعٍ مِن طَعامٍ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2191>بابُ التَّرتيبِ فى هَدى التَّمَتُّعِ وكُلِّ دَمٍ وجَبَ بتَركِ نُسُكٍ</span>\n\n٩٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أخبرَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال. فذَكَرَ الحديث قال: فلَمَّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ قال لِلنّاسِ: \"مَن كان مِنكُم أهدَى فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ مِن شَئٍ حَرُمَ مِنه حَتَّى يَقضِىَ حَجَّه، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ مِنكُم أهدَى فليَطُفْ بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَةِ وليُقَصِّرْ وليَحلِلْ، ثُمَّ ليُهِلَّ بالحَجِّ وليُهدِ، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا، فليَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أيَّامٍ فى الحَجِّ وسَبعَة إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\nورُوِّينا عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ فى الَّذِى يَفوتُه الحَجُّ: فإِن أدرَكَه الحَجُّ قابِلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٩١٦٧).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩١٦٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩١٦٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٩٠٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٢٧/ ١٧٤)، والبخارى (١٦٩١).","vol":"10","page":247},{"text":"فليَحُجَّ إنِ استَطاعَ وليُهدِ فى حَجِّه، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا فليَصُمْ عنه ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ فى الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِهِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ فى قِصَّةِ هَبّارٍ حينَ فاتَه الحَجُّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2192>بابُ مَحِلِّ الهَدىِ والطَّعامِ إلَى مَكَّةَ ومِنًى والصَّومِ حَيثُ شاءَ</span>\n\n٩٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياث، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"نَحَرتُ ههنا بمِنًى، ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ، فانحَروا فى رِحالِكُم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، أن عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ (^٥) بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ طَريقٌ ومَنحَرٌ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (٩٩٠٨).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٩٩١٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٥٣٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٩).\n(^٥) من هنا خرم فى (س) ينتهى فى (٩٩٨١).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٩٥٧٩).","vol":"10","page":248},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2193>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُصيبُ امرأتَه بعدَ التَّحَلُّلِ الأوَّلِ وقَبلَ الثّانِى</span>\n\n٩٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وعَطاءِ ابنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: وطِئتُ امرأتِى قَبلَ أن أطوفَ بالبَيتِ. قال: عِندَكَ شَئٌ؟ قال: نَعَم إنِّى مُوسِرٌ. قال: فانحَرْ ناقَةً سَمينَةً فأطعِمْها المَساكينَ (^١).\n\n٩٨٨٦ - ورَواه حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى رَجُلٍ قَضى المَناسِكَ كُلَّها إلَّا الطَّوافَ بالبَيتِ ثُمَّ واقَعَ، قال: عَلَيه بَدَنَةٌ وتَمَّ حَجُّه. أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أن أبا محمدِ ابنَ زيادٍ أخبَرَهُم قال: أخبرَنا ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ قال: حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٩٨٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رَجُلًا أصابَ مِن أهلِه قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الشيخ فى أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر (٦٠) من طريق الليث عن عطاء وحده به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٥١٤٤) من طريق سعيد وعطاء بنحوه. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (٩٨٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٧٧) من طريق شعبة وحده به.","vol":"10","page":249},{"text":"النَّحرِ، فقالَ: يَنحَرانِ جَزورًا بَينَهُما، ولَيسَ عَلَيهِما الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ (^١).\n\n٩٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسِ -قال: لا أظُنُّه إلا عن ابنِ عباسٍ- أنَّه قال فى الَّذِى يُصيبُ أهلَه قَبلَ أن يُفيضَ: يَعتَمِرُ ويُهدِى (^٢).\n\n٩٨٨٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ كان يقولُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أحسَنُ ما سَمِعتُ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ وقَعَ على أهلِه وهو مُحرِمٌ وهو بمِنًى قَبلَ أن يُفيضَ، فأمَرَه أن يَنحَرَ بَدَنَةً (^٣). قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ. قال مالكٌ: عَلَيه عُمرَةٌ وبَدَنَةٌ وحَجُّه تامٌّ. ورَواه عن رَبيعَةَ فتَرَكَ قَولَ ابنِ عباسٍ لِرأى رَبيعَةَ، ورَواه عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ يَظنه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وهو سَيِّئُ القَولِ فى عِكرِمَةَ لا يَرَى لأحَدٍ أن يَقبَلَ حَديثَه، وهو يَروِى بيَقينٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ خِلافَه، وعَطاءٌ الثِّقَةُ عِندَه وعِندَ النّاسِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ٥ و).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٢٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٤، ومالك ١/ ٣٨٤.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٢٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٤.","vol":"10","page":250},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورُوِّيناه عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2194>بابُ المُعتَمِرِ لا يَقرَبُ امرأتَه ما بَينَ أن يُهِلَّ إلَى أن يُكمِلَ الطَّوافَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وقيلَ: ويَحلِقَ أو يُقَصِّرَ</span>\n\n٩٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سألنا ابنَ عُمَرَ عن رَجُلٍ اعتَمَرَ فطافَ بالبَيتِ ولَم يَطُفْ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ: أيَقَعُ بامرأتِهِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فطافَ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا، وصَلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ رَكعَتَينِ، وطافَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ، وقالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١].\n\n٩٨٩٢ - قال عمرٌو: سألتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ: لا يَقرَبُها حَتَّى يَطوفَ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا اعتَمَرَ فغَشِى امرأتَه قَبلَ أن يَطوفَ بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ بعدَما طافَ بالبَيتِ، فسُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ قال: ﴿فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. فقُلتُ: فأىُّ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٦٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٤١)، ومسلم (١٢٣٤/ ١٨٩)، والنسائى (٢٩٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٦٠) من طريق سفيان به. وعند ابن خزيمة بذكر المرفوع. وتقدم فى (٩٤٣٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٩٥، ٣٩٦).","vol":"10","page":251},{"text":"أفضَلُ؟ قال: جَزورٌ أو بَقَرَةٌ. قُلتُ: فأيُّ ذَلِكَ أفضَلُ؟ قال: جَزورٌ (^١). خالَفَه أيّوبُ عن سعيدٍ.\n\n٩٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى تَوبَةَ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ حاتِمٍ النَّجّارُ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّاد، عن أيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا أهَل هو وامرأتُه جَميعًا بعُمرَةٍ فقَضَت مَناسِكَها إلَّا التَقصيرَ، فغَشِيَها قَبلَ أن تُقَصَّرَ، فسُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إنَّها لَشَبِقَةٌ. فقيلَ له: إنَّها تَسمَعُ. فاستَحيا مِن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: ألا أعلَمتُمونِى؟ وقالَ لها: أهريقِى دَمًا، قالَت: ماذا؟ قال: انحَرِى ناقَةً أو بَقَرَةً أو شاةً. قالَت: أيُّ ذَلِكَ أفضَلُ؟ قال: ناقَةٌ. ولَعَلَّ هذا أشبَهُ.\n\n٩٨٩٥ - فقَد أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى امرأتَه فى عُمرةٍ فقالَت: إنِّى لَم أُقَصِّرْ. فجَعَلَ يَقرِضُ شَعَرَها بأسنانِه. قال: إنَّه لَشَبِقٌ، يُهَرِيقُ دَمًا. كَذا قال، لَم يَذكُرْ فيه ابنَ عباسٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة ٤/ ١٦٢ عن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البغوى فى الجعديات (١٥٥).","vol":"10","page":252},{"text":"إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، أنَّه سألَ الحَسَنَ عن امرأةٍ قَدِمَت مُعتَمِرَةً فطافَت بالبَيتِ والصَّفا والمَروَةِ، فوَقَعَ عَلَيها زَوجُها قَبلَ أن تُقَصِّرَ. قال: لِتُهدِى هَديًا بَعيرًا أو بَقَرَةً. قال حُمَيدٌ: وذَكَرَ بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أن ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إنَّها لَشَبِقَةٌ. قال: فقيلَ له: إنَّ المَرأةَ شاهِدَةٌ. قال: فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قال: لِتُهديَنَّ هَديًا بَعيرًا أو بَقَرَةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2195>بابُ المُفسِدِ لِعُمرَتَه يَقضيها مِن حَيثُ أحرَمَ ما أفسَدَ، وكَذَلِكَ المُفسِدُ لحَجِّهِ</span>\nرُوِّينا عن عَطاءٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فى مُحرِمٍ بحَجَّةٍ أصابَ امرأتَه وهِىَ مُحرِمَةٌ، قال: يَقضيانِ حَجَّهُما، وعَلَيهِما الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ مِن حَيثُ كانا أحرَما (^٢). ورُوِّينا (^٣) عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤).\nوأمّا مَن ذَهَب إلَى أن عائشةَ رَفَضت عُمرَتَها ثُمَّ أمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بأن تَقضيَها مِنَ التَّنعيم، فقَد دَلَّلنا فيما مَضَى أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- إنَّما أمَرَها بإِدخالِ الحَجِّ على العُمرَةِ فكانَت قارِنَةً، وإِنَّما كانَت عُمرَتُها شَيئًا استَحَبَّته (^٥).\n\n٩٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سِنانٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (١٣٠).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٨٦٧).\n(^٣) كذا فى الأصل، م. ولعله: ورويناه.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٩٨٦٨).\n(^٥) فى ص ٤: \"استحسنته\". والحديث تقدم فى (٨٧١٦، ٨٨٤٦).","vol":"10","page":253},{"text":"سفيانُ هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لِعائشَةَ: \"طَوافُكِ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ يَكفيكِ لحجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ\".\n\n٩٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو الثَّورِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَكفيكِ طَوافٌ واحِدٌ بَعدَ المُعَرَّفِ (^١) لِحَجِّكِ وعُمرَتِكِ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٨٩٩ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها أهَلَّت بعُمرَةٍ وحاضَت ولَم تَطُفْ بالبَيتِ حينَ حاضَت فنَسَكَتِ المَناسِكَ كُلَّها وقَد أهَلَّت بالحَجِّ، فقالَ لها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّفْرِ: \"سَعيُكِ لحَجَّتِكِ (^٣) وعُمرَتِكِ\". فأبَت، فبَعَثَ مَعَها عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ إلَى التَّنعيمِ فاعتَمَرَت بعدَ الحَجِّ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المعرف: هو الوقوف بعرفة. النهاية ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٦٢ من طريق قبيصة به نحوه. وأخرجه أيضًا من طريق ابن جريج به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٥/ ١١٤.\n(^٣) فى ص ٤، م: \"لحجك\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٩٤٩٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢١١/ ١٣٢).","vol":"10","page":254},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2196>بابُ إدراكِ الحَجِّ بإِدراكِ عَرَفَةَ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الفَجرِ مِن يَومِ النَّحرِ</span>\n\n٩٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَعمَرَ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الحَجُّ عَرَفَةُ، الحَجُّ عَرَفاتٌ (^١)، مَن أدرَكَ عَرَفَةَ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ فقَد أدرَكَ الحَجَّ - أو: تَمَّ حَجُّهُ. أيّامُ مِنًى ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ؛ فمَن تَعَجَّلَ فى يَومَينِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه، ومَن تأَخَّرَ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n٩٩٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَّرَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَسّانَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ عَطاءٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَعمَرَ الدِّيلِىُّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو بعَرَفاتٍ، فأتاه نَفَرٌ مِن أصحابِه فأمَروا رَجُلًا فنادَى: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ الحَجُّ؟ كَيفَ الحَجُّ؟ قال: فأمَرَ رَجُلًا فنادَى: \"الحَجُّ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ، مَن جاءَ قَبلَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ مِن لَيلَةِ جَمع فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه. أيّامُ مِنًى ثلاثٌ (^٣)، مَن تَعَجَّلَ فى يَومَينِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه\". ثُمَّ أردَفَ رَجُلًا مِن خَلفِه فنادَى بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٤: \"عرفة\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٤٠٥، ١٤٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٧٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤١٨٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"ثلاثة\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٩٥٤١).","vol":"10","page":255},{"text":"٩٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ. وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ أبو الزِّنباعِ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ وزَكَريّا وداودُ ابنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ مُضَرِّسِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ حارِثَةَ ابنِ لأمٍ يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمُزدَلِفَةِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ جِئتُ مِن جَبَلَى طَيِّئٍ، فواللَّهِ ما جِئتُ حَتَى أتعَبتُ نَفسِى، وأنضَيتُ راحِلَتِى، وما تَرَكتُ مِن هذه الحِبالِ (^١) شَيئًا إلا وقَفتُ عَلَيه، فهَل لى مِن حَجٍّ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن شَهِدَ معنا هذه الصَّلاةَ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ بالمُزدَلِفَةِ وكانَ قَد وقَفَ بعَرَفَةَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ، فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه، وقَضَى تَفَثَه\". قال سفيانُ: وزادَ زَكَريّا فيه وكانَ أحفَظَ الثَّلاثَةِ لِهَذا الحَديثِ: قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتَيتُ هذه السّاعَةَ مِن جَبَلَى طَيِّئٍ قَد أكلَلتُ راحِلَتِى، وأتعَبتُ نَفسِى، فهَل لِى مِن حَجٍّ؟ فقالَ: \"مَن شَهِدَ معنا هذه الصَّلاةَ، ووَقَفَ معنا حَتَّى يُفيضَ، وكانَ قد وقَفَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ بعَرَفَةَ مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ، فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه، وقَضَى تَفَثَه\". قال سفيانُ: وزادَ داودُ ابنُ أبى هِندٍ: قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ بَرَقَ الفَجرُ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بِشرانَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٤: \"الجبال\" بالجيم.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٠٨، وفى شرح المشكل (٤٦٩١) من طريق روح بن الفرج به. والترمذى (٨٩١) من طريق سفيان به دون ذكر الزيادات، وقال: حسن صحيح. وتقدم فى (٩٥٤٣).","vol":"10","page":256},{"text":"٩٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سَورَةُ بنُ الحَكَمِ صاحِبُ الرّأى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أفاضَ مِن عَرَفاتٍ قَبلَ الصُّبحِ فقَد تَمَّ حَجُّه، ومَن فاتَه فقَد فاتَه الحَجُّ\" (^١).\n\n٩٩٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيج، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ قال: لا يَفوتُ الحَجُّ حَتَّى يَنفَجِرَ الفَجرُ مِن لَيلَةِ جَمعٍ. قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أبلَغَكَ ذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال عَطاءٌ: نَعَم (^٢).\n\n٩٩٠٥ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه قال ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٠٦ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ قال: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: مَن أدرَكَ لَيلَةَ النَّحرِ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ فقَد أدرَكَ الحَجَّ، ومَن لَم يَقِفْ حَتَّى يُصبِحَ فقَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٤٩٦)، وفى الأوسط (٦٣٠٢)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤١ من طريق عطاء به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩٢٨: هذا غريب وسنده صالح.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٨٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٨٣٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٨٦).","vol":"10","page":257},{"text":"فاتَه الحَجُّ (^١).\n\n٩٩٠٧ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُما، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2197>بابُ ما يَفعَلُ مَن فاتَه الحَجُّ</span>\n\n٩٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى جوَيريَة بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ كان يقولُ. وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: مَن أدرَكَ لَيلَةَ النَّحرِ مِنَ الحاجِّ فوَقَفَ بحِبالِ (^٣) عَرَفَةَ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ فقَد أدرَكَ الحَجَّ، ومَن لَم يُدرِكْ عَرَفَةَ قَبلَ أن يَطلُعَ الفَجرُ فقَد فاتَه الحَجُّ؛ فليأتِ البَيتَ فليَطُفْ به سَبعًا، ويَطوفُ بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعًا، ثُمَّ ليَحلِقْ أو يقَصِّرْ، إن شاءَ، وإِن كان مَعَه هَديُه فليَنحَرْه قَبلَ أن يَحلِقَ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِن طَوافِه وسَعيِه فليَحلِقْ أو يُقَصِّرْ ثُمَّ ليَرجِعْ إلَى أهلِه، فإِن أدرَكَه الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ فليَحُجَّ إنِ استَطاعَ، [وليُهدِ فى] (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٨٧).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٨٨)، ومالك ١/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٣) فى ص ٤، م: \"بجبال\" بالجيم.\n(^٤) فى ص ٤: \"وأوفى\".","vol":"10","page":258},{"text":"حَجِّه، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ هَديًا فليَصُمْ عنه ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ فى الحَجِّ وسَبعَةً إذا رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِهِ (^١).\n\n٩٩٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أن أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ -﵁- خَرَج حاجًّا، حَتَّى إذا كان بالنّازيَةِ (^٢) مِن طَريقِ مَكَّةَ أضَلَّ رَواحِلَه، ثُمَّ إنَّه قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- يَومَ النَّحرِ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: اصنَعْ كما يَصنَعُ المُعتَمِرُ، ثُمَّ قَد حَلَلتَ، فإِذا أدرَكَكَ الحَجُّ قابِلَ (^٣) فاحجُجْ وأهدِ ما استَيسَرَ مِنَ الهَدى (^٤).\n\n٩٩١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف الصغرى (١٧٣٢)، والمعرفة (٣١٣٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) فى م: \"بالبادية\". والنازية: أرض فياح إذا خرجت من بلدة المسيجيد تؤم مكة سرت فيها. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣١٠، ٣١١.\n(^٣) فى م: \"من قابل\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٣٣)، والشافعى فى الأم ٢/ ١٦٦، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٨٣.","vol":"10","page":259},{"text":"وغَيرُهُما، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن هَبّارَ بنَ الأسوَدِ جاءَ يَومَ النَّحرِ وعُمَرُ -﵁- يَنحَرُ، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أخطأنا، كُنّا نَرَى أن هذا اليَومَ يَومُ عَرَفَةَ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: اذهَبْ إلَى مَكَّةَ فطُفْ بالبَيتِ سَبعًا وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ أنتَ ومَن مَعَكَ، ثُمَّ انحَرْ هَديًا إن كان مَعَكَ، ثُمَّ احلِقوا أو قَصِّروا وارجِعوا، فإِذا كان حَجُّ قابِل فحُجّوا وأهدوا، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ فى الحَجِّ وسَبعَةٍ إذا رَجَعَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ عن نافِعٍ.\n\n٩٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: سألتُ عُمَرَ عن رَجُلٍ فاتَه الحَجُّ. قال: يُهِلُّ بعُمرَةٍ وعَلَيه الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ. ثُمَّ خَرَجتُ العامَ المُقبِلَ فلَقيتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ فسألتُه عن رَجُلٍ فاتَه الحَجُّ. قال: يُهِلُّ بعُمرَةٍ وعَلَيه الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ (^٢). كَذا رَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ عن أبيه عنه. ورُوِىَ عن إدريسَ الأودِىِّ عنه فقالَ: ويُهَريقُ دَمًا. ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن الأعمَشِ بإِسنادِه وقالَ: يَحِلُّ (^٣) بعُمرَةٍ ويَحُجُّ مِن قابِلٍ ولَيسَ عَلَيه هَدىٌ. قال: فلَقِيتُ زَيدَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٣٢)، ومالك ١/ ٣٨٣ - ومن طريقه الشافعى ٢/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٨٤٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"يهل\".","vol":"10","page":260},{"text":"ثابِتٍ بعدَ عِشرينَ سنةً فقالَ مِثلَ قَولِ عُمَرَ -﵁-. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ عن المُغيرَةِ عن إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٩٩١٢ - ورَواه شُعبَةُ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُغيرَةَ الضَّبِّىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ قَد فاتَه الحَجُّ، قال عُمَرُ: اجعَلْها عُمرَة، وعَلَيكَ الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ. قال الأسوَدُ: مَكَثتُ عِشرينَ سنة ثُمَّ سألتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ مِثلَ قَولِ عُمَرَ.\n\n٩٩١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- وجاءَه رَجُل فى وسَطِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ وقَد فاتَه الحَجُّ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: طُفْ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ وعَلَيكَ الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ. ولَم يَذكُرْ هَديًا (^٢).\nهذه الرِّوايَةُ وما قَبلَها عن الأسوَدِ عن عُمَرَ مُوتَصِلَتانِ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ سُلَيمانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٨٥٥) من طريق سفيان عن منصور عن إبراهيم به. وينظر البدر المنير ٦/ (٤٢٨ - ٤٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٣٦٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"متصلتان\". وقوله: الموتصل. لغة قريش، لا تدغم هذه الواو وأشباهها فى التاء. وقد نص العلماء على أن هذه عبارة الشافعى ولغته. ينظر الرسالة ص ٣١، ٤٦٤، والنهاية ٥/ ١٩٤، والنكت =","vol":"10","page":261},{"text":"ابنِ يَسارٍ عنه مُنقَطِعَةٌ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: الحَديثُ الموتَصِلُ (^١) عن عُمَرَ يوافِقُ حَديثَنا عن عُمَرَ، ويَزيدُ حَديثُنا عَلَيه الهَدىَ. والَّذِى يَزيدُ فى الحَديثِ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الَّذِى لَم يأتِ بالزّيادِةِ. ورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ كما قُلنا موتَصِلًا (^٢)، وفِى رِوايَةِ إدريسَ الأودِىِّ إن صَحَّت: ويُهَريقُ دَمًا. وهِىَ تَشهَدُ لِرِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ بالصِّحَّةِ، ورَوَى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ يَسارٍ عن هَبّارِ بنِ الأسوَدِ أنَّه حَدَّثَه أنَّه فاتَه الحَجُّ. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا. ورُوِّينا فى قِصَّةِ ابنِ حُزابَةَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ ما دَل على وُجوبُ الهَدى (^٣). ورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: مَن نَسِىَ شَيئًا مِن نُسُكِه أو تَرَكَه فليُهَرِقْ دَمًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2198>بابُ خَطأ النّاسِ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ</span>\n\n٩٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ البَشيرِىُّ مِن أولادِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفّاءُ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال:\n_________\n= على مقدمة ابن الصلاح ١/ ٤١٠.\n(^١) فى م: \"المتصل\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"متصلًا\".\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٦٧، ١٦٨، والمعرفة ٤/ ١٧١، ١٧٢، وستأتى قصة ابن حزابة مسندة فى (١٠١٨٩).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٨٩٩٧).","vol":"10","page":262},{"text":"\"فِطرُكم يَومَ تُفطِرونَ، وأَضحاكم يَومَ تُضَحُّونَ، كلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ جَمعٍ مَوقِفٌ، وكلُّ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ مَنحَرٌ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ عن أيّوبَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٣)، وروِىَ بَعضُه (^٤) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٥).\nورُوِىَ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن عائشةَ:\n\n٩٩١٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حاتِمٍ العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَرَفَةُ يَومَ يُعَرِّفُ الإمامُ، والأضحَى يَومَ يُضَحِّى الإمامُ، والفِطرُ يَومَ يُفطِرُ الإمامُ\" (^٦). محمدٌ هذا يُعرَفُ بالفارِسِىِّ، وهو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٣٥٧).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨٢٨٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٢٨٧).\n(^٤) فى ص ٤: \"بقصة\".\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٨٢٨٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى ذكر أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٣٦٠ من طريق يحيى بن حاتم به وفيه: \"يوم عرفة يوم تعرفون\".","vol":"10","page":263},{"text":"كوفِىٌّ قاضِى فارِسَ، تَفَرَّدَ به عن سُفيانَ.\n\n٩٩١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن العَوَّامِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عنِ السَّفاحِ بنِ مَطَرٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ أَسِيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَومُ عَرَفَةَ اليَومُ الذِى يُعَرِّفُ النّاسُ فيه\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" (^٢).\n\n٩٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: رَجُلٌ حَجَّ أوَّلَ ما حَجَّ، فأخطأَ النّاسُ بيَومِ النَّحرِ، أيُجزِئُ عنه؟ قال: نَعَم، إى لَعَمرِى إنَّها لَتُجزِئُ عنه. قال: وأحسِبُه قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فِطرُكُم يَومَ تُفطِرونَ، وأَضحاكُم يَومَ تُضَحّونَ\". وأُراه قال: \"وعَرَفَةُ يَومَ تُعَرِّفونَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2199>بابُ دُخولِ مَكَّةَ لِغَيِر إرادَةِ حَجٍّ ولا عُمرَةٍ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا﴾ الآية [البقرة: ١٢٥].\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤. وأخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (٢٧٩٥) من طريق هشيم به. والحارث ابن أبى أسامة (٣٧٩ - بغية) من طريق العوام به.\n(^٢) المراسيل (١٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٢٤). والشافعى ١/ ٢٣٠.","vol":"10","page":264},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: المَثابَةُ فى كَلامِ العَرَبِ: المَوضِعُ يَثوبُ النّاسُ إلَيه، ويَثوبونَ (^١) يَعودونَ إلَيه بعدَ الذَّهابِ عنه، وقَد يُقالُ: ثابَ إلَيه: اجتَمَعَ إلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٩٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنْجِىُّ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ (^٣) أبى الحَجّاجِ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا﴾. قال: يَثوبونَ إلَيه ويَذهَبونَ ويَرجِعونَ، لا يَقضونَ مِنه وطَرًا (^٤).\n\n٩٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياس، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ﴾ يقولُ: لا يَقضونَ مِنه وطَرًا أبَدًا. ﴿وَأَمْنًا﴾ يقولُ: لا يَخافُ مَن دَخَلَه (^٥).\n\n٩٩٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م، والأم: \"يتوبون\". وكذا فى متن الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"ص\". وفى الحاشية كالمثبت \"يثوبون\" وكتب فوقها: \"ح، ر\"، وفى ص ٤: \"يؤون\".\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٤٠، ١٤١.\n(^٣) فى ص ٤: \"جبير\". وهو قول فى اسم أبيه. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ١/ ٥٨، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥١٨ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٩٩٥)، وتفسير مجاهد ص ٢١٤. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥٢١ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.","vol":"10","page":265},{"text":"القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ﴾ [الحج: ٢٧]. قال: لما أمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ إبراهيمَ -ﷺ- أنْ يُؤَذِّنَ فى النّاسِ بالحَجِّ قال: يا أَيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اتَخَذَ بَيتًا، وأمَرَكُم أن تَحُجّوه. فاستَجابَ له ما سَمِعَه مِن حَجَرٍ أو شَجَرٍ أو أكَمَةٍ أو تُرابٍ أو شَئٍ، فقالوا: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ (^١).\n\n٩٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن قابُوسَ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى ظَبْيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما فرَغَ إبراهيمُ ﵇ مِن بناءِ البَيتِ قال: رَبِّ قَد فرَغتُ. فقالَ: أذَنْ فى النّاسِ بالحَجِّ. قال: رَبِّ، وما يَبلُغُ صَوتِى؟ قال: أذِّنْ وعَلَىَّ البَلاغُ. قال: رَبِّ كَيفَ أقولُ؟ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، كُتِبَ عَلَيكُمُ الحَجُّ؛ حَجُّ البَيتِ العَتيقِ. فسَمِعَه مَن بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ، ألَا تَرَى أنَّهُم يَجِيئونَ مِن أقصَى الأرضِ يُلَبُّونَ (^٢)؟.\n\n٩٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٥٤، وتفسير مجاهد ص ٤٧٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٦/ ٥١٥، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٥٢، وعنه المصنف فى الشعب (٣٩٩٨) - من طريق عطاء به. وقال الحاكم: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٨، ٣٨٩ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٣٥٣)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٦/ ٥١٤، ٥١٥ من طريق جرير به.","vol":"10","page":266},{"text":"إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ وابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كُنّا عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ، فذَكَرُوا الدَّجّالَ فقالوا: إنَّه مَكتوبٌ بَينَ عَينَيه \"ك ف ر\". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَم أسمَعْه يقولُ ذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَّه قال: \"أمّا إبراهيمُ فانظُرُوا إلَى صاحِبِكُم، وأَمّا موسَى فرَجُلٌ آدَمُ جَعْدٌ (^١) على جَمَلٍ أحمَرَ مَخطومٍ بخُلبَةٍ، كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه قَدِ انحَدَرَ مِنَ الوادِى يُلَبِّى\" (^٢).\nرَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى موسَى عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عَدِىٍّ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ البَكرِىِّ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كان مَوضِعُ البَيتِ فى زَمَنِ آدَمَ شِبرًا أو أكثَرَ عَلَمًا، فكانَتِ المَلائكَةُ تَحُجُّه قَبلَ آدَمَ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ آدَمُ فاستَقبَلَته المَلائكَةُ، فقالوا: يا آدَمُ، مِن أينَ جِئتَ؟ قال: حَجَجْتُ البَيتَ. فقالوا: قَد حَجَّته المَلائكَةُ قَبلَكَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المراد بالجعد هنا: جعودة الجسم، وهو اجتماعه واكتنازه، وليس المراد جعودة الشعر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٢/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠١) عن ابن أبى عدى به. وقال أحمد: قال هشيم: الخلبة الليف. وينظر (٩٠٨٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٩٥١٣)، ومسلم (١٦٦/ ٢٧٠).\n(^٤) فى ص ٤، م، الأصل: \"النكرى\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥١٦، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٦٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٣١٦، والكامل ٣/ ١٢٢٣.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٩٨٦)، وسيرة ابن إسحاق (٧٣ - زيادات يونس بن بكير). وأخرجه ابن أبى =","vol":"10","page":267},{"text":"٩٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَبيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ أو غَيرِه قال: حَجَّ آدَمُ فلَقِيَته المَلائكَةُ فقالوا: بَرَّ نُسُكُكَ آدَمُ، لَقَد حَجَجْنا قَبلَكَ بأَلفَى عامٍ (^١).\n\n٩٩٢٥ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لَقَد سَلَكَ فجَّ الرَّوحاءِ سَبعونَ نَبيًّا حُجّاجًا عَلَيهِم ثيابُ الصّوفِ، ولَقَد صَلَّى فى مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ سَبعونَ نَبيًّا (^٢).\n\n٩٩٢٦ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ قِراءَةً عَلَيه: عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى ثِقَةٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه قال: ما مِن نَبِىٍّ إلَّا وقَد حَجَّ البَيتَ، إلا ما كان مِن هودٍ وصالِحٍ، ولَقَد حَجَّه نوحٌ، فلَمّا كان مِنَ الأرضِ ما كان مِنَ الغَرَقِ أصابَ البَيتَ ما أصابَ الأرضَ، وكانَ البَيتُ رَبوَةً حَمراءَ، فبَعَثَ اللَّهُ\n_________\n= شيبة (٣٦٩٧٠) من طريق آخر عن أنس وليس عنده ذكر موضع البيت. قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩٣١: سعيد ضعيف.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٢٦)، والدلائل ٢/ ٤٥، والشافعي ٢/ ١٤١. وأخرجه الأزرقى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٤٥ من طريق ابن أبى لبيد من قوله. وأبو الشيخ فى العظمة (١٠٣٣) من طريق محمد بن كعب به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٩٨. وأخرجه الأزرقى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٧٢، ٧٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق فقال: حدثنى من لا أتهم عن ابن عباس. والفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (٢٦٠٣).","vol":"10","page":268},{"text":"هودًا، فتَشاغَلَ بأَمرِ قَومِه حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ إلَيه، فلَم يَحُجَّه حَتَّى ماتَ، فلَمّا بَوّأَه اللَّهُ لإِبراهيمَ ﵇ حَجَّه، ثُمَّ لَم يَبقَ نَبِىٌّ بَعدَه إلَّا حَجَّه (^١).\n\n٩٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ مُحمَّدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أوسٍ أبو زَيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: حَجَّ موسَى بنُ عِمرانَ ﵇ فى خَمسينَ ألفًا مِن بَنِى إسرائيلَ وعَلَيه عَباءَتانِ قَطَوانيَّتانِ (^٢) وهو يُلَبِّى: لَبَّيكَ اللَهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ تَعَبُّدًا ورِقًّا، لَبَّيكَ أنا عبدُكَ، أنا لَدَيكَ لَدَيكَ يا كَشّافَ الكُرَبِ. قال: فجاوَبَته الجِبالُ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَم يُحكَ لَنا عن أحَدٍ مِنَ النَّبيّينَ ولا الأُمَمِ الخالينَ أنَّه جاءَ البَيتَ أحَدٌ قَطُّ إلا حَرامًا، ولَم يَدخُلْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ عَلِمناه إلَّا حَرامًا إلَّا فى حَربِ الفَتحِ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: ما يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِها\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٤٥، ٤٦، وسيرة ابن إسحاق (٧٧)، وأخرجه الأزرقى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٧٢ من طريق ابن إسحاق به، فقال: حدثنى من لا أتهم عن عروة.\n(^٢) القطوانية: البيضاء الصغيرة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٤/ ١٩٣٢: الكديمى غير ثقة.\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ١٤١.","vol":"10","page":269},{"text":"ولا مِن غَيرِ أهلِها إلَّا بإِحرامٍ (^١).\nورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: فواللَّهِ ما دَخَلَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2200>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ لِمَن دَخَلَها خائفًا لِحَربٍ فى أنْ يَدخُلَها بغَيِر إحرامٍ</span>\n\n٩٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ بهَراةَ فى سنةِ تِسعٍ وسَبعينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مَكَّةَ وعَلَى رأسِه المِغفَرُ، فلَمّا نَزَعَه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَ ابنَ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأَستارِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". قال مالكٌ: ولَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ مُحرِمًا (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٦٣ من طريق عبد الملك به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٣٦٧٤)، والفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (٨٩٢)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٧٦ من طريق عطاء به. وعند ابن أبى شيبة والفاكهى: إلا الحطابين والحمالين وأصحاب منافعها، وعند الفاكهى: الحمالين والحطابين وأصحاب منافعنا.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٨٤، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧٠، ٤٧١ من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به. وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٤٢٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٩٣٢)، والترمذى (١٦٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٠٥)، والنسائى (٢٨٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٦٣)، وابن حبان (٣٧٢١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٨٥) من طريق القعنبى به. وقول مالك عند أحمد وابن خزيمة، وليس عند ابن ماجه ذكر ابن خطل. وسيأتى فى (١٣٥٠٣).","vol":"10","page":270},{"text":"وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ ويَحيَى وغَيرِهِما، كُلُّهُم عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٩٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مُحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِىُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَومَ الفَتحِ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ بغَيرِ إحرامٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n٩٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَومَ الفَتحِ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٨٤٦، ٣٠٤٤، ٤٢٨٦)، ومسلم (١٣٥٧/ ٤٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (١٩٨٣) من طريق معاوية بن عمار به. وتقدم فى (٦٠٤٥) من طريق أبى الزبير دون قوله: بغير إحرام. وسيأتى فى (١٣٥٠٢) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى وقتية بن سعيد عن معاوية بن عمار.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٥٨/ ٤٥١).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٦٠٤٦).","vol":"10","page":271},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليهم وسلم- فى فتحِ مَكَّةَ، قال: فقامَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَسَ عن مَكَّةَ الفيلَ، وسَلَّطَ عَلَيها رسولَه والمُؤمِنينَ، وإِنَّها لَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قَبلِى ولا لأحَدٍ بَعدِى، وإِنَّما أُحِلَّت لِى ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، وإِنَّها ساعَتِى هذه\". وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2201>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ فى دُخولِها بغَيِر إحرامٍ وإن لَم يَكُنْ مُحارِبًا</span>\n\n٩٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أقبَلَ مِن مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى إذا كان بقُدَيدٍ جاءَه خَبَرٌ مِنَ المَدينَةِ، فرَجَعَ فدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ بغَيرِ إحرامٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٣٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ بغَيرِ إحرامٍ، فقالَ: لا أرَى بذَلِكَ بأسًا (^٤).\n\n٩٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى قَتادَةَ أنَّ أباه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٠٠٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٤٩، ٤٥٠٥)، والنسائى (٤٨٠٠) من طريق العباس بن الوليد به. وسيأتى فى (١٦١٣٢ - ١٦١٣٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٥٥/ ٤٤٧).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٤٢٣، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٦٣. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٦٨٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٤٢٣.","vol":"10","page":272},{"text":"أخبَرَه أنَّه غَزا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليهم وسلم- غَزوَةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، فأهَلّوا بعُمرَةٍ غَيرِى. قال: فاصطَدتُ حِمارَ وحشٍ، فأطعَمتُ أصحابِى وهُم مُحرِمونَ، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأَنبأتُه أنَّ عِندَنا مِن لَحمِه فاضِلَةً، قال: \"كُلُوه\". وهُم مُحرِمونَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\nورَواه أبو محمدٍ مَولَى أبى قَتادَةَ عن أبى قَتادَةَ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليهم وسلم- حَتَّى إذا كُنا بالقاحَةِ (^٣)، ومِنّا المُحرِمُ وغَيرُ المُحرِمِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2202>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ القَضاءَ على مَن دَخَلَها بغَيرِ إحرامٍ</span>\n\n٩٩٣٦ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سِنانٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ الأقرَعَ بنَ حابِسٍ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الحَجُّ كُلَّ عامٍ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل حَجَّةٌ، فمَن حَجَّ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فهو تَطَوُّعٌ، ولَو قُلتُ: نَعَم. لَوَجَبَت، ولَو وجَبَت لَم تَسمَعُوا ولَم تُطيعُوا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٢٨٢٥) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به. والبخارى (٤١٤٩) من طريق يحيى به مقتصرًا على أوله دون ذكر صيد الحمار. وأحمد (٢٢٦١٢) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن أبى قتادة به. وسيأتى فى (٩٩٩٨، ٩٩٩٩، ١٠٠٠٨ - ١٠٠١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) القاحة: موضع بين مكة والمدينة، بينه وبين المدينة ثلاث مراحل. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٢٩٠، وحاشية السيوطى على النسائى (٤٣٠٩).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (٩٩٩٤، ٩٩٩٥، ٩٩٩٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥١٠) عن روح به. وتقدم فى (٨٦٩١).","vol":"10","page":273},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى حَديثُ سُراقَةَ فى العُمرَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2203>بابُ حَجِّ الصَّبِىِّ يَبلُغُ والمَملوكِ يَعتِقُ والذّمِّىِّ يُسلِمُ</span>\n\n٩٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىُّ، عن أبى السَّفَرِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أسمِعونِى ما تَقولونَ، وافهَموا ما أقولُ لَكُم؛ ألَا لا تَخرُجوا فتَقولوا: [قال ابنُ عباسٍ] (^٢)، قال ابنُ عباسٍ. أيُّما غُلامٍ حَجَّ به أهلُه فبَلَغَ مَبلَغَ الرِّجالِ فعَلَيه الحَجُّ، فإِن ماتَ فقَد قَضَى حَجَّتَه، وأيُّما عبدٍ مَملوكٍ حَجَّ به أهلُه فيَعتِقُ فعَلَيه الحَجُّ، وإِن ماتَ فقَد قَضَى حَجَّتَه (^٣).\n\n٩٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ رَفَعَه قال: \"أيُّما صَبِىٍّ حَجَّ ثُمَّ بَلَغَ الحِنثَ فعَلَيه أن يَحُجَّ حَجَّةً أُخرَى، وأيُّما أعرابِىٍّ حَجَّ ثُمَّ هاجَرَ فعَلَيه أن يَحُجَّ حَجَّةً أُخرَى، وأيُّما عبدٍ حَجَّ ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ فعَلَيه حَجَّةٌ أُخرَى\". قال القاضِى: حدثنا به مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٨٦٩٠، ٨٧٥٨، ٨٨٧٩، ٨٨٩٥، ٨٨٩٧، ٩٤٢٨).\n(^٢) ليس فى: ص ٤، م.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٨٠٢).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٨٦٨٧).","vol":"10","page":274},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: تَفَرَّدَ برَفعِه محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن شُعبَةَ، ورَواه غَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ مَوقوفًا (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن الأعمَشِ مَوقوفًا (^٢)، وهو الصَّوابُ.\n\n٩٩٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ قال: أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا شُرَيحُ بنُ عَقيلٍ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ العُثمانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدٍ ابنَى جابِرٍ، عن أبيهِما جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو حَجَّ صَغيرٌ حَجَّةً لَكانَت عَلَيه حَجَّةٌ إذا بَلَغَ إنِ استَطاعَ إلَيه سَبيلًا\". وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ فى العَبدِ والأعرابِىِّ على هذا النَّسَقِ (^٤). وحَرامُ بنُ عثمانَ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ فى مَملوكٍ أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ ثُمَّ عَتَقَ قالا: إنْ أُعتِقَ بعَرَفَةَ أجزأه، وإِنْ أُعتِقَ بجَمعٍ فكانَ فى مَهَلٍ فليَرجِعْ إلَى عَرَفَةَ ويُجزئُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٨٦٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٠٨٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) فى ص ٤: \"عفير\". وينظر تاريخ جرجان ص ١٨٨.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٨٥١، ٨٥٢. وأخرجه الطيالسى (١٨٧٦)، والحارث (٣٥٤ - بغية) من طريق حرام عن عبد الرحمن بن جابر وحده.\n(^٥) تقدم ذكر مصادر ترجمته فى (١٥٨٨).\n(^٦) ذكره ابن أبى عروبة فى المناسك (١٢) عن عطاء وحده بنحوه دون قوله: وإن أعتق بجمع.","vol":"10","page":275},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2204>بابُ النّيابَةِ فى الحَجِّ عن المَعضوبِ (^١) والمَيِّتِ</span>\n\n٩٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عَبْدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ قال: قرأتُ (^٢) على أبى اليَمانِ، أنَّ شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمزَةَ أخبَرَه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: أردَفَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ، وكانَ الفَضلُ رَجُلًا وضيئًا، فوَقَفَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلنّاسِ يُفتيهِم، فأقبَلَتِ امرأةٌ مِن خَثعَمَ وضيئَةٌ تَستَفتِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فطَفِقَ الفَضلُ يَنظُرُ واْعجَبَه حُسنُها، فالتَفَتَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى الفَضلِ وهو يَنظُرُ إلَيها، فأخَذَ بذَقَنِ الفَضلِ، فعَدَلَ وجهَه عن النَّظَرِ إلَيها، فقالَت تِلكَ الخَثعَميَّةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ فريضَةَ اللَّهِ فى الحَجِّ على عِبادِه أدرَكَت أبى شَيخًا كَبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَستَوِىَ على راحِلَتِه، فهَل يَقضِى أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَلِىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ واللَّفظُ لِعَلِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المعضوب: الزمِن الذى لا حراك له. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٥.\n(^٢) فى الأصل، ص ٤: \"قراءة\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٦٩٩ - ٨٧٠٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٣٩٩، ٦٢٢٨)، ومسلم (١٣٣٤).","vol":"10","page":276},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً مِن خَثعَمَ سألَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- غَداةَ جَمعٍ والفَضلُ رَديفُه، فقالَت: إنَّ فريضَةَ اللَّهِ على عِبادِه أدرَكَت أبى شَيخًا كَبيرًا لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَستَمسِكَ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فهَل تَرَى أن أحُجَّ عنه؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: قال سفيانُ: وكانَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ يَزيدُ فيه عن الزُّهرِىِّ قَبلَ أن يَرَى ابنَ شِهابٍ: قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيَنفَعُه ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، كَذَلِكَ لَو كان على أحَدِكُمُ الدَّين فقَضَيتيه\" (^١).\n\n٩٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى وحشيَّةَ وهو جَعفَرُ بنُ إياسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عنِ ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: إنَّ أُختِى نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ، وإِنَّها ماتَت، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أرأَيتَ لَو كان عَلَيها دَينٌ، أكُنتَ قاضيَه؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فاقضوا اللَّهَ، فهو أحَقُّ بالوَفاءِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٣). وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيبٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٥/ ٣٤٤ من طريق مسدد به. وتقدم فى (٨٧٠٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٢٤)، والنسائى (٢٦٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤١)، وابن حبان (٣٩٩٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٤٩/ ١٥٧). على أن رواية مسلم فيها اختلافات عن هذه الرواية، فالسائل فيها امرأة، وهى تسأل عن أمها، وأمها لم تكن حجت، ورواية مسلم هى التى مضى ذكرها عند المصنف فى (٨٣١٣، ٨٧٣٢، ٨٧٣٣).","vol":"10","page":277},{"text":"٩٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن قَتادَةَ بنِ دِعامَةَ، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ مَرَّ به رَجُلٌ يُهِلُّ يقولُ: لَبَّيكَ بحَجَّةٍ عن شُبرُمَةَ. فقالَ: ومَن شُبرُمَةُ؟ قال: أوصَى أن يُحَجَّ عنه. فقالَ: أحَجَجْتَ أنتَ؟ قال: لا. قال: فابدأْ أنتَ فاحجُجْ عن نَفسِكَ، ثُمَّ احجُجْ عن شُبرُمَةَ (^١). كَذا رَواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ.\nورَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ فيه لَفظَ الوَصيَّةِ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أنْ يَحُجَّ الرَّجُلُ عن أبيه وإِنْ لَم يُوصِ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ مُحمَّدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِى ابنَ عيسَى ابنَ الطَّبَّاعِ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يُدخِلُ بالحَجَّةِ الواحِدَةِ ثَلاثَةَ نَفَرٍ الجَنَّةَ؛\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٥٩) - ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٦/ ٣٨١. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٧١ من طريق سعيد بن جبير به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨٧٤٧، ٨٧٤٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٧٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج بلفظ: الحجة الواجبة من رأس المال.","vol":"10","page":278},{"text":"المَيتَ والحاجَّ عنه والمُنفِذَ ذَلِكَ\" (^١). أبو مَعشَرٍ هذا نَجيحٌ السِّندِىُّ، مَدَنِىٌّ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُقرِئُ الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِىُّ (^٣) قالا: أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا زاجِرُ بنُ الصَّلتِ الطّاحِىُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال فى رَجُلٍ أوصَى بحَجَّةٍ: \"كُتِبَت له أربَعُ حِجَجٍ؛ حَجَّةٌ لِلَّذِى كَتَبَها، وحَجّةٌ لِلَّذِى أنفَذَها، وحَجَّةٌ لِلَّذِى أخَذَها، وحَجَّةٌ لِلَّذِى أمَرَ بها\" (^٤). زيادُ بنُ سُفيانَ هذا مَجهولٌ، والإِسنادُ ضَعيفٌ.\nوقَد روِىَ فى الحَجِّ عن الأبَوَينِ أخبارٌ بأسانيدَ ضَعيفَةٍ فتَرَكتُها، وفِى بَعضِ ما رُوِّينا كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2205>بابُ قَتلِ المُحرِمِ الصَّيدَ عَمدًا أو خَطأً</span>\n\n٩٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤١٢٣). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٣٥٢ - بغية)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٣٣٦، وأبو الشيخ فى طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان ٢/ ٢٨٧، ٢٨٨ من طريق أبى معشر به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٧٨١٤). وينظر كلام المصنف عليه عقب (٧٩٨١).\n(^٣) القرشى، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ سنة، يعرف بالأعرابى. . . حدث بنيسابور سنة ست وأربعمائة، وعاد إلى الناحية وتوفى. المنتخب (١٢٤٨) وفيه: المغربى بدل: المقرئ.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن شاهين فى فضائل الأعمال (٣٢٩)، وأبو نعيم فى ذكر أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٣٥٤ من طريق زاجر بن الصلت به.","vol":"10","page":279},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ قُرَيرٍ البَصرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: إنِّى أجرَيتُ أنا وصاحِبِى فرَسَينِ لَنا نَستَبِقُ إلَى ثُغرَةِ ثَنِيَّةٍ (^١)، فأصَبنا ظَبيًا ونَحنُ مُحرِمانِ، فماذا تَرَى فى ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ -﵁- لِرَجُلٍ إلَى جَنبِه: تَعالَ حَتَّى أحكُمَ أنا وأنتَ. قال: فحَكما عَلَيه بعَنزٍ. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ. قال: وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n٩٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن أبى عُبَيد بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ مُحرِمًا ألقَى جوالقَ (^٣)، فأصابَ يَربوعًا (^٤) فقَتَلَه، فقَضَى فيه ابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁- بجَفرٍ أو جَفرَةٍ (^٥).\n\n٩٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الثنية: طربق فى الجبل، وثغرة الثنية: مدخلها وما انكشف منها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٣، وشرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٢/ ٥٠٧.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٢ ظ،٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٤١٤، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٣) الجوالق بكسر الجيم واللام، وبضم الجيم وفتح اللام أو كسرها: وعاء من صوف أو شعر أو غيرهما، والجمع جَوالِق وجواليق. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ١٢٩ (ج ل ق).\n(^٤) اليربوع: فأرة لجحرها أربعة أبواب، وقال الأزهرى: دويبة فوق الجرذ، الذكر والأنثى فيه سواء. التاج ٢١/ ٤٥ (ر ب ع).\n(^٥) الجفرة: الأنثى من ولد الضأن، والذكر جفر. المصباح المنير ص ٤٠. وسيأتى فى كلام المصنف بيان سن الجفرة والجفر فى (٩٩٦٨)، وتفسير الجفر فى (٩٩٧٦).\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٤٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢١٧) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"10","page":280},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: قَولُ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]. قال: قُلتُ له: فمَن قَتَلَه خَطأً أيَغْرَمُ؟ قال: نَعَم، يُعَظِّمُ بذَلِكَ حُرُماتِ اللَّهِ ومَضَت به السُّنَنُ (^١).\n\n٩٩٤٩ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وسَعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: رأيتُ النّاسَ يَغرَمونَ فى الخَطأَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّه قال: يُحكَمُ عَلَيه فى الخَطأَ والعَمدِ (^٣).\nوعن إبراهيمَ قال: يُحكَمُ على المُحرِمِ فى الخَطأَ.\nوعن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- كان يَحكُمُ عَلَيه فى الخَطأَ والعَمدِ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه قال فى قَولِه: ﴿عَفَا اللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ﴾ قال: عَمّا كان فى الجاهِليَّةِ. ﴿وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥] قال: ومَن عادَ فى الإسلامِ فيَنتَقِمُ اللَّهُ مِنه، وعَلَيه فى ذَلِكَ الكَفّارَةُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٤١)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٧٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٥٠٦)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٧٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٦٨٠٣) من طريق ابن جريج عن عطاء قال: يحكم عليه فى الخطأ والعمد.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٤٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨٣.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨١٨٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٥١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٨٣، ٨١٨٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٥٠٩) من طريق الحكم به. وعند عبد الرزاق فى الموضع الأول اقتصر على الخطأ.\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٨٤، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٨١٧٥)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٧١٣.","vol":"10","page":281},{"text":"وعن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ: يُحكَمُ عَلَيه كُلَّما أصابَ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٨٤، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٨١٨٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٥٠٥، ١٥٥٠٧، ١٥٩٩٣)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٧١٥.","vol":"10","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2206>جماعُ أبوابِ جَزاءِ الصَّيدِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2207>بابُ جَزاءِ الصَّيدِ بمِثلِه مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحكُمُ به ذَوا عَدلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ</span>\n\n٩٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو مُحمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ الأديبُ البِسطامِىُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيه بخُسْرَوْجِرْدَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الغِطريفِ، أخبرَنِى هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ هو ابنُ عُمَيرٍ، سَمِعَ قَبيصَةَ بنَ جابِرٍ الأسَدِىَّ قال: خَرَجنا حُجّاجًا، فكَثُرَ مِراؤُنا ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ، أيُّهُما أسرَعُ شَدًّا، الظَّبىُ أمِ الفَرَسُ؟ فبَينَما نَحنُ كَذَلِكَ إذ سَنَحَ لَنا ظَبىٌ، والسُّنوحُ هَكَذا -يقولُ: مَرَّ يُجَزِّعُنَا عن الشِّمالِ. قالَه هارونُ بالتَّشديدِ- فرَماه رَجُلٌ مِنّا بحَجَرٍ فما أخطأَ خُشَشاءَه (^١)، فرَكِبَ رَدعَه (^٢) فقَتَلَه، فأُسقِطَ فى أيدينا، فلَمّا قَدِمنا مَكَّةَ انطَلَقْنا إلَى عُمَرَ بمِنًى، فدَخَلتُ أنا وصاحِبُ الظَّبى على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ رَضِىَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى عنه، فذَكَرَ له أمرَ الظَّبى الَّذِى قَتَلَ. ورُبَّما قال: فتَقَدَّمتُ إلَيه أنا وصاحِبُ الظَّبى فقَصَّ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: عَمدًا أصَبتَه أم خَطأً؟ ورُبَّما قال: فسألَه\n_________\n(^١) خششاءه: هو العظم الناتئ خلف الأذن. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤. وسيرد فى الحديت التالى أن معناه: أصل قرنه.\n(^٢) فركب ردعه: الردع: العنق؛ أى سقط على رأسه فاندقت عنقه، وقيل: خر صريعًا لوجهه، فكلماهم بالنهوض ركب مقاديمه. وقيل: سمى الدم بالردع تشبيهًا له بالزعفران، ومعنى ركوبه دمه أنه جرح فسال دمه، فسقط فوقه متشحطًا فيه. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢١٤.","vol":"10","page":283},{"text":"عُمَرُ: كَيفَ قَتَلتَه؟ عَمدًا أم خَطأً؟ فقالَ: لَقَد تَعَمَّدتُ رَميَه، وما أرَدتُ قَتلَه. زادَ رَجُلٌ: فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَقَد شَرِكَ العَمدُ الخَطأَ. ثُمَّ اجتَنَحَ إلَى رَجُلٍ واللَّهِ لَكأنَّ وجهَه قُلْبٌ -يَعنِى فِضَّةً- ورُبَّما قال: ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَى رَجُلٍ إلَى جَنبِه - فكَلَّمَه ساعَةً، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على صاحِبِى، فقالَ له: خُذْ شاةً مِنَ الغَنَمِ، فأهرِقْ دَمَها وأطعِمْ لَحمَها -ورُبَّما قال: فتَصَدَّقْ بلَحمِها- وأسقِ إهابَها سِقاءً (^١)، فلَمّا خَرَجْنا مِن عِندِه أقبَلْتُ على الرَّجُلِ فقُلتُ له: أيُّها المُستَفتِى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، إنَّ فُتيا ابنِ الخطابِ لَن تُغنِىَ عَنكَ مِنَ اللَّه شَيئًا، واللَّهِ ما عَلِمَ عُمَرُ حَتَّى سألَ الَّذِى إلَى جَنبِه، فانحَرْ راحِلَتَكَ فتَصَدَّقْ بها وعَظِّمْ شَعائرَ اللَّهِ. قال: فنَما هذا ذو العوَينَتَينِ (^٢) إلَيه. ورُبَّما قال: فانطَلَقَ ذو العوَينَتَينِ إلَى عُمَرَ فنَماها إلَيه. ورُبَّما قال: فما عَلِمتُ بشَئٍ واللَّهِ ما شَعَرتُ إلَّا به يَضرِبُ بالدَّرَّةِ علىَّ. وقالَ مَرَّةً: على صاحِبِى صُفوقًا صُفوقًا (^٣). ثُمَّ قال: قاتَلَكَ اللَّهُ! تَعَدَّى الفُتيا وتَقتُلُ الحَرامَ وتَقولُ: واللَّهِ ما عَلِمَ عُمَرُ حَتَّى سألَ الَّذِى إلَى جَنبِه! أما تَقرأُ كِتابَ اللَّهِ؟ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ علىَّ فأخَذَ بمَجامِعِ رِدائى -ورُبَّما قال: ثَوبِى- فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى لا أُحِلُّ لَكَ مِنِّى أمرًا حَرَّمَه اللَّهُ عَلَيكَ. فأرسَلَنِى، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ علىَّ فقالَ: إنِّى أراكَ شابًّا فصيحَ اللِّسانِ فسيحَ الصَّدرِ، وقَد يَكونُ فى\n_________\n(^١) أسق إهابها سقاءً: أى: أعطه من يتخذه سقاءً. الفائق ٢/ ١٨٧.\n(^٢) أى: أبلغه ذو العوينتين هذا الخبر أو هذا الكلام، والعوينتان تصغير عوينة، وهى تصغير عين، وذو العوينتين هو الجاسوس. ينظر اللسان ١٣/ ٢٩٨ (ع ى ن).\n(^٣) الصفق: الضرب الذى يسمع له صوت. التاج ٢٦/ ٢٦ (ص ف ق).","vol":"10","page":284},{"text":"الرَّجُلِ عَشرَةُ أخلاقٍ؛ تِسعٌ حَسَنَةٌ -ورُبَّما قال: صالِحَةٌ- وواحِدَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ، فيُفسِدُ الخُلُقُ السَّيِّئُ التِّسعَ الصّالِحَةَ، فاتَّقِ طيَرَاتِ الشَّبابِ (^١). قال ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ: قال سفيانُ: وكانَ عبدُ المَلِكِ إذا حَدَّثَ بهَذا الحَديثِ قال: ما تَرَكتُ مِنه ألِفًا ولا واوًا (^٢).\n\n٩٩٥١ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ جابِرٍ الأسَدِىِّ قال: كُنتُ مُحرِمًا، فرأيتُ ظَبيًا فرَمَيتُه فأصَبتُ خُشّاءَه (^٣) -يَعنِى أصلَ قَرنِه- فماتَ فوَقَعَ فى نَفسِى مِن ذَلِكَ، فأتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أسألُه، فوَجَدتُ إلَى جَنبِه رَجُلًا أبيَضَ رَقيقَ الوَجهِ وإِذا هو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ، فسألتُ عُمَرَ، فالتَفَتَ إلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ: تَرَى شاةً تكفيه؟ قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَنِى أن أذبَحَ شاةً، فلَمّا قُمْنا مِن عِندِه قال صاحِبٌ لِى: إنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ لَم يُحسِنْ أنْ يُفتِيَكَ حَتَّى سألَ الرَّجُلَ، فسَمِعَ عُمَرُ -﵁- بَعضَ كَلامِه، فعَلاه بالدِّرَّةِ ضَربًا، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ علىَّ ليَضرِبَنِى فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى لَم أقُلْ شَيئًا، إنَّما هو قالَه. قال: فتَرَكَنِى، ثُمَّ قال: أرَدتَ أنْ تَقتُلَ الحَرامَ وتَتَعَدَّى الفُتيا؟ ثُمَّ قال أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ: إنَّ فى الإنسانِ عَشَرَةَ أخلاقٍ؛ تِسعَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ وواحِدَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ،\n_________\n(^١) طيَرات الشباب: أى: غراتهم وزلاتهم. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٤٠)، وابن عبد البر فى الاستذكار ١٣/ ٢٧٩ - ٢٨١ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"خششاءه\".","vol":"10","page":285},{"text":"ويُفسِدُها ذَلِكَ السَّيِّئُ. ثُمَّ قال: وإيّاكَ وعَثْرَةَ الشَّبابِ (^١).\n\n٩٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو حَريزٍ قال: أصَبتُ ظَبيًا وأنا مُحرِمٌ، فأتَيتُ عُمَرَ فسألتُه، فقالَ: ائتِ رَجُلَينِ مِن إخوانِكَ، فليَحكُما عَلَيكَ.\nفأتَيتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ وسَعدًا، فحَكما علىَّ تَيسًا أعفَرَ (^٢). زادَ فيه جَريرُ ابنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن مَنصورٍ: وأنا ناسٍ لِإحرامِى (^٣).\n\n٩٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، أخبرَنا مُخارِقٌ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: خَرَجْنا حُجّاجًا فأوطأَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا يُقالُ له: أربَدُ. ضَبًّا ففَزَرَ (^٤) ظَهرَه، فقَدِمْنا على عُمَرَ -﵁-، فسألَه أربَدُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: احكُمْ يا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧٢) مختصرًا، والحاكم ٣/ ٣١٠ وصححه، وعبد الرزاق (٨٢٣٩)، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر فى الاستذكار ١٣/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٢٥٨) -وعنه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٤٥٨) مختصرًا- عن إسحاق الدبرى به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٩١، ٦٩٢، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٦٨٠٤) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) العفرة: بياض ليس بالناصع، ولكن كلون عفرة الأرض، وهو وجهها. النهاية ٣/ ٢٦١.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٩٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٦/ ١٥٤، ١٥٥ من طريق منصور به. ووقع عنده: \"أبو جرير\" و\"لإهلالى\" بدلًا من: \"أبو حريز\" و\"لإحرامى\".\n(^٤) فزر ظهره: أى: شقه وفسخه. النهاية ٣/ ٤٤٣.","vol":"10","page":286},{"text":"أربَدُ. فقالَ: أنتَ خَيرٌ مِنِّى يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ وأعلَمُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: إنَّما أمَرتُكَ أن تَحكُمَ فيه، ولَم آمُرْكَ أن تُزَكّيَنِى. فقالَ أربَدُ: أرَى فيه جَديًا قَد جَمَعَ الماءَ والشَّجَرَ (^١). فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: فذاكَ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2208>بابُ فِديَةِ النَّعامِ وبَقَرِ الوَحشِ وحِمارِ الوَحشِ</span>\n\n٩٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنْ قَتَلَ نَعامَةً فعَلَيه بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو مالكٍ الجَنْبِىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى حَمامِ الحَرَمِ: فى الحَمامَةِ شاةٌ، وفِى بَيضَتَينِ دِرهَمٌ، وفِى النَّعامَةِ جَزورٌ، وفِى البَقَرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى الحِمارِ بَقَرَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قد جمع الماء والشجر: أى قد أكل وشرب. الحاوى فى فقه الشافعى ٤/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧٣)، وفى المعرفة (٣١٦٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٢١) عن سفيان بن عيينة به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٨٤٢) من طريق مخارق به. وسيأتى فى (٩٩٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٨٤، ٦٩٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٦٨١٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه ابن صالح به مطولًا. وسيأتى مطولًا فى (٩٩٩٠) بنفس الإسناد.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٨٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٤٣١) من طريق عطاء =","vol":"10","page":287},{"text":"٩٩٥٦ - ورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ عن سعيدٍ عن إسرائيلَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: فى بَقَرَةِ الوَحشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى الإبِلِ بَقَرَةٌ. وهو فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ عن الرَّبيعِ عن الشّافِعِىِّ (^١).\n\n٩٩٥٧ - وبِهَذا الاسنادِ عن الشّافِعِىِّ: أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ وعَلِىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ وزَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ وابنَ عباسٍ ومُعاويَةَ -﵃- قالوا فى النَّعامَةِ يَقتُلُها المُحرِمُ: بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: هذا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ، وهو قَولُ الأكثَرِ مِمَّن لَقِيتُ، فبِقَولِهِم أنَّ فى النَعامَةِ بَدَنَةً، وبِالقياسِ، قُلنا: فى النَّعامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ. لا بهَذا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وجِهَةُ ضَعفِه كَونُه مُرسَلًا؛ فإِنَّ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ وُلِدَ سنةَ خَمسينَ، ولَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ ولا عثمانَ ولا عَليًّا ولا زَيدًا، وكانَ فى زَمَنِ مُعاويَةَ صَبيًّا، ولَم يَثبُتْ له سَماعٌ مِنَ ابنِ عباسٍ، وإِنْ كان يَحتَمِلُ أنْ يَكونَ سَمِعَ\n_________\n= به مقتصرين على ذكر البيض. وتقدم فى (٩٨٠٣) مقتصرًا على ذكر الحمام. وسيأتى فى (١٠٠٩٨).\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٥١)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٢.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٤٩)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٠٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٤٦١٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند عبد الرزاق: عن عطاء عن ابن عباس. وليس فيه: معاوية. وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة: علىّ.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٩٠.","vol":"10","page":288},{"text":"مِنه؛ فإِنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ توُفِّىَ سنةَ ثَمانٍ وسِتّينَ، إلَّا أنَّ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ -مَعَ انقِطاعِ حَديثِه عَمَّن سَمَّينا- مِمَّن تَكَلَّمَ فيه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٩٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ البُرجُلانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى المَليحِ الهُذَلِىِّ أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أبى عُبَيد بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ يَسألُه عن المُحرِمِ يُصيبُ حِمارَ وحشٍ أو نَعامَةً أو بَيضَ نَعامَةٍ، وعن الجَرادَةِ يُصيبُها المُحرِمُ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: أمّا المُحرِمُ يُصيبُ حِمارَ وحشٍ ففيه بَدَنَةٌ، وفِى النَّعامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ، وفِى بَيضِ النَّعامَةِ صيامُ يَومٍ أو إطعامُ مِسكينٍ، وأمّا الجَرادَةُ فإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ حِمصَ أصابَ جَرادَةً وهو مُحرِمٌ، فأتَى عُمَرَ فسألَه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: ما أَعطَيتَ عَنها؟ قال: أَعطَيتُ عَنها دِرهَمًا. فقالَ: إنَّكُم مَعشَرَ أهلِ حِمصَ كَثيرَةٌ دَراهِمُكُم، ولَتَمرَةٌ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن جَرادَةٍ (^٢). كَذا فى رِوايَةِ المَسعودِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم الكلام عليه فى (٩٢١٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٨/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦ من طريق قتادة به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٢٠٥، ٨٢١٣) من طريق أبى المليح مقتصرًا على النعامة وحمار الوحش. والشافعى ٢/ ١٩١، وعبد الرزاق (٨٢٩٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٤٣٦) من طريق أبى عبيدة عن أبيه، مقتصرين على ذكر بيض النعام. وينظر قول عمر فى الموطأ ١/ ٤٠٦، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٢٤٦)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٨٥١).","vol":"10","page":289},{"text":"وَرُوِىَ عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ فى هذا الحَديثِ: قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: فيها -يَعنِى فى النَّعامَةِ- بَدَنَةٌ.\n\n٩٩٥٩ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ على بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: فى النَّعامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ، وفِى البَقَرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى الأُرْوِيَّةِ (^١) بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى الظَّبى شاةٌ وفِى حَمامِ مَكَّةَ شاةٌ، وفِى الأرنَبِ شاةٌ، وفِى الجَرادَةِ قَبضَةٌ مِن طَعامٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أنَّ أباه كان يقولُ: فى بَقَرَةِ الوَحشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وفِى الشّاةِ مِنَ الظِّباءِ شاةٌ. قال مالكٌ ﵀: ولَم أزَلْ أسمَعُ أنَّ فى النَّعامَةِ إذا قَتَلَها المُحرِمُ بَدَنَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأروية: الشاة الواحدة من شياه الجبل. وجمعها أَرْوى، قيل: هى أنثى الوعول. وهى تيوس الجبل. النهاية ٢/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٠١٠٣) مقتصرًا على ذكر الحمام. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٨٥٨) من طريق الزهرى به مقتصرًا على ذكر الجراد.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٤١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٠٨، ٨٢١٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"10","page":290},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2209>باب فِديَةِ الضَّبُعِ</span>\n\n٩٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ قال: لَقِيتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، فسألتُه عن الضَّبُعِ أتأكُلُها (^١)؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أصَيدٌ هِىَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أسَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\n\n٩٩٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مِنهالٍ، وسُلَيمانُ يَعنِى ابنَ حَربٍ، وعاصِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ علىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِىَّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن الضَّبُعِ، فقالَ: \"هِىَ صَيدٌ\". وجَعَلَ فيها كَبشًا إذا أصادَها المُحرِمُ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ. قال بَعضُهُم: إذا أصادَها. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: إذا أصابَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أناكلها\" بالنون.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٥٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٥) من طريق الأنصارى به. وأحمد (١٤٤٢٥)، والترمذى (١٧٩١)، والنسائى (٢٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٦٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى فى (١٩٤١١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٠١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٦٤) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٢٦).","vol":"10","page":291},{"text":"٩٩٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ الصّائغُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الضَّبُعُ صَيدٌ فكُلْها، وفيها كَبشٌ مُسِنٌّ (^١) إذا أصابَها المُجرِمُ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٩٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيم، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَضَى فى الضَّبُعِ بكَبشٍ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ يقولُ: أنزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ضَبُعًا صَيدًا، وقَضَى فيها كَبشًا.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ فى غَيرِ رِوايَةِ أبى بكرٍ: وهَذا حَديثٌ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه لَوِ انفَرَدَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما قالَه لانقِطاعِه، ثُمَّ أكَّدَه بحَديثِ ابنِ أبى عَمّارٍ عن جابِرٍ، وحَديثُ ابنِ أبى عَمّارٍ حَديث جَيِّدٌ تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ، قال أبو عيسَى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"سمين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٨) من طريق حسان بن إبراهيم به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٤١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٧) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٥٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٢.","vol":"10","page":292},{"text":"التِّرمِذِىُّ: سألتُ عنه البُخارِىَّ، فقالَ: هو حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وقَد روِىَ حَديثُ عِكرِمَةَ مَوصولًا:\n\n٩٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ القِرْمِيسِينِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ ابنُ حَمّادٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الضبُعُ صَيدٌ\". وجَعَلَ فيه كَبشًا (^٢).\n\n٩٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى فى الضَّبُعِ بكَبشٍ، وفِى الغَزالِ بعَنزٍ، وفِى الأرنَبِ بعَناقٍ، وفِى اليَربوعِ بجَفرَةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذى ص ٢٩٧ (٥٥٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٢٦) عن ابن جريج عن محمد أنه سمع عكرمة.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧٥)، وفى المعرفة (٣١٥٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٠٦، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٤١٤، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٢٤).","vol":"10","page":293},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ (^١)، وسُفيانُ الثورِىُّ، وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٢)، واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٣)، وغَيرُهُم عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ.\nورَواه الأجلَحُ الكِندِىُّ مَرفوعًا واختُلِفَ عَلَيه:\n\n٩٩٦٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"فى الضَّبُعِ كَبشٌ، وفِى الظَّبى شاةٌ، وفِى الأرنَبِ عَناقٌ، وفِى اليَربوعِ جَفرَةٌ\". فقُلتُ يَعنِى لأبِى الزُّبَيرِ: وما الجَفرَةُ؟ قال: العَظيمُ. يَعنِى عَظيمَ الحِملانِ (^٤).\nتابَعَه محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ وغَيرُه عن الأجلَحِ هَكَذا (^٥).\n\n٩٩٦٩ - وروِىَ عن الأجلَحِ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -قال: لا أُراه إلا وقَد رَفَعَه- أنَّه حَكَمَ. فذَكَرَه. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ فُضَيلِ بنِ عِياضٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ سُعَيرٍ، عن الأجلَحِ (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا أقرَبُ مِنَ الصَّوابِ، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مَوقوفٌ على\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (٩٩٧٦).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٩٩٧٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي فى (٩٩٧٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤٧ من طريق الأجلح به وعنده: والجفرة التى قد ارتعت.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤٦، ٢٤٧ من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٦) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٤١٩، ومسند أبى يعلى (٢٠٣).","vol":"10","page":294},{"text":"عمَرَ بنِ الخطاب -﵁-.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ عن عُمَرَ مِن قَولِه.\n\n٩٩٧٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قَضَى عُمَرُ فى الضَّبُعِ كَبشًا، وفِى الظَّبِى شاةً، وفِى الأرنَبِ جَفرَةً، وفِى اليَربوعِ عَناقًا. كَذا فى كِتابِى: جَفرَةً فى الأرنَبِ، وعَناقًا فى اليَربوعِ.\n\n٩٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: فى الضَّبُعِ كَبشٌ (^١).\nرَواه مُجاهِدٌ وعِكرِمَةُ عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2210>بابُ فِديَةِ الغَزالِ</span>\n\n٩٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ وسُفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٥٤)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٢٥) -ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٩٢٠) - عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعى ٢/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣، وعبد الرزاق (٨٢٢٣) من طريق مجاهد وحده به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٤١٣٥، ١٤١٣٦، ١٤١٣٨) من طريق عكرمة ومجاهد به.","vol":"10","page":295},{"text":"جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى فى الغَزالِ بعَنزٍ، وفِى الأرنَبِ بعَناقٍ، وفِى اليَربوعِ بجَفرَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2211>بابُ فِديَةِ الأرنَبِ</span>\n\n٩٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه قَضَى فى الضَّبُعِ يُصيبُها المُحرِمُ بكَبشٍ، وفِى الظَّبِى بشاةٍ، وفِى الأرنَبِ بعَناقٍ، وفِى اليَربوعِ بجَفرَةٍ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجارِ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ مُحمَّدُ بنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أسباطَ، عن سِماكِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنِّى قَتَلتُ أرنَبًا وأنا مُحرِمٌ، فكَيفَ تَرَى؟ قال: هِىَ تَمشِى على أربَعٍ والعَناقُ تَمشِى على أربَعٍ، وهِىَ تأكُلُ الشَّجَرَ والعَناقُ تأكلُ الشَّجَرَ، وهِىَ تَجتَرُّ والعَناقُ تَجتَرُّ، أهدِ مَكانَها عَناقًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٥٨، ٣١٥٩، ٣١٦١). والشافعى ٢/ ١٩٣. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٩/ ٦٩ من طريق مالك وسفيان به. وتقدم فى (٩٩٦٧).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ٢/ ٩٦، ٩٧ عن الليث به مقتصرًا على ذكر الضبع واليربوع.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٩٣، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٢٣٣). وعند الشافعى أنه حكم بشاة، وعند عبد الرزاق أنه حكم بجذع أو فطيمة. وقال المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٣١٦٠): كذا وجدته فى ثبت النسخ. والصواب عن ابن عباس: فى الأرنب عناق.","vol":"10","page":296},{"text":"٩٩٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه قَضَى فى الأرنَبِ بحُلَّانٍ. يَعنِى إذا قَتَلَه المُحرِمُ (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِىُّ وغَيرُه: قَولُه: الحُلانُ. يَعنِى الجَدىَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2212>بابُ فِديَةِ اليَربوعِ</span>\n\n٩٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه قَضَى فى الضَّبُعِ كَبشًا، وفِى الظَّبى شاةً، وفِى اليَربوعِ جَفرًا أو جَفرَةً (^٣). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو زَيدٍ: الجَفرُ مِن أولادِ المَعْزِ ما بَلَغَ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وفُصِلَ عن أُمِّهِ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قَضَى فى اليَربوعِ\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٩١. وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٨١ من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٢٣١) من طريق سماك به. وعند البخارى: حمل. وعند عبد الرزاق: جديًا أو عناقًا.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٩١.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٩٢، ٢٩٣. وأخرجه مسدد -كما فى المطالب العالية (١٣٦٥) - من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٩٣.","vol":"10","page":297},{"text":"بجَفرٍ أو جَفرَةٍ (^١).\n\n٩٩٧٨ - وبِإِسنادِه: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ حَكَمَ فى اليَربوعِ بجَفرٍ أو جَفرةٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهاتانِ الرِّوايَتانِ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- مُرسَلَتانِ، وإِحداهُما تُؤَكَدُ الأُخرَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2213>بابُ فِديَةِ الثَّعلَبِ</span>\n\n٩٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: لَو كان مَعِىَ حَكَمٌ حَكَمتُ فى الثَّعلَبِ بجَدىٍ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: فى الثَّعلَبِ شاةٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2214>بابُ فِديَةِ الضَّبِّ</span>\n\n٩٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مُخارِقٍ، عن طارِقٍ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٦٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٩٠. وتقدم فى (٩٩٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٦٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣١٦٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٠٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٢٧) من طريق أيوب به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٩٣ من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٩٣، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٦٢٢٨).","vol":"10","page":298},{"text":"أربَدَ أوطأَ ضَبًّا، ففَزَرَ (^١) ظَهرَه، فأتَى عُمَرَ فسألَه، فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما تَرَى؟ فقالَ: جَديًا قَد جَمَعَ الماءَ والشَجَرَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: فذَلِكَ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2215>بابُ فِديَةِ أُمِّ حُبَينٍ </span>(^٣)\n\n٩٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبي السَّفَرِ، أنَّ (^٤) عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - قَضَى في أُمِّ حُبَينٍ بحُلَّانٍ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2216>بابُ المُحرِمِ يَقتُلُ الصَّيدَ الصَّغيَر والنّاقِصَ والذَّكَرَ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥].\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والمِثلُ مِثلُ صِفَةِ ما قَتَلَ (^٦).\n\n٩٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابن جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: إن قَتَلَ صَيدًا أعوَرَ أو مَنقوصًا فداه بأعوَرَ مِثلِه أو مَنقوصٍ، ووافٍ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ، وإِن قَتَلَ صِغارَ أولادِ الصَّيدِ فداه بصِغارِ أولادِ الغَنَمِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فزر: شق. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٢) الشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٦. وتقدم مطولًا في (٩٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أم حبين: دويبة كالحرباء عظيمة البطن، قيل إنها على قدر الضفدعة. ينظر التاج ٣٤/ ٣٩٤ (ح ب ن).\n(^٤) نهاية الخرم في المخطوطة (س) المشار إليه في (٩٨٨٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٧٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٦ وعنده: \"بحملان\".\n(^٦) الأم ٢/ ٢٠١.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٧٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠١، ٧/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٦٨٥ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":299},{"text":"٩٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أهدَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في هَديِه جَمَلًا لأبِى جَهلٍ في أنفِه بُرَةُ (^١) فِضَّةٍ ليَغيظَ به المُشرِكينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2217>بابٌ: هَل لِمَن أصابَ الصَّيدَ أن يَفديَه بغَيرِ النَّعَمِ</span>؟\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه في جَزاءِ الصَّيدِ: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥].\nقال عَطاءٌ: أيَّتُهُنَّ شاءَ، وكُلُّ شَيءٍ في القُرآنِ: \"أو\" \"أو\" فليَختَرْ مِنه صاحِبُه ما شاءَ (^٣).\n\n٩٩٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. له أيَّتُهُنَّ شاءَ. وعن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كُلُّ شَيءٍ في القُرآنِ: \"أو\" \"أو\" له أيُّه شاءَ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: إلَّا قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) البُرَة: حلقة تجعل في لحم الأنف، وربما كانت من شعر، وأصل الكلمة: \"بروة\" مثل فَرْوة، وتجمع على بُرَّى وبُرَات وبُرِين بضم الباء. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٢٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٤٩ - ١٠٢٥١).\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٨٨، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٧٠١.","vol":"10","page":300},{"text":"وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٣] فلَيسَ بمُخَيَّرٍ فيها (^١). قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: كما قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وغَيرُه في المُحارِبِ وغَيرِه في هذه المَسألَةِ أقولُ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال له: \"إنْ شِئتَ فانسُكْ نَسيكَةً، وإِن شِئتَ فصُمْ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، وإِنْ شِئتَ فأَطعِمْ ثَلاثَةَ آصُعٍ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2218>بابُ تَعديلِ صيامِ يَومٍ بإِطعامِ مِسكينٍ</span>\nوذَلِكَ مُدٌّ بمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وهو قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٨٦ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ البُوزَنْجِردِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٧٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٨٨. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٩٧ من طريق ابن جريج به إلى قوله: له أيتهن شاء. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١١/ ٩٤: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٨٨ وفيه: كما قال ابن جريج وعمرو. . .\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٢٢)، وأبو داود (١٨٥٧) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم في (٧٧٩٢، ٨٧٧٥، ٩١٦٤ - ٩١٦٨، ٩٨٧٩ - ٩٨٨١).\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ٢/ ١٨٥، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (٨١٩٦)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٧١٠.","vol":"10","page":301},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ. قال: \"ويحَكَ! وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في يَومٍ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. قال: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُها. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قالَ: ما أستَطيعُ. قال: \"أطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. قال: \"خُذْه فتَصَدَّقْ به\". قال: على أفقَرَ مِن أهلِى؟! فواللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ (^١) المَدينَةِ أحوَجُ مِن أهلِى. قال: فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه فقالَ: \"خُذْه واستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ، وأَطعِمْ أهلَكَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وهِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ ومَسرورُ (^٣) بنُ صَدَقَةَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٤):\n\n٩٩٨٧ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ. قال الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ: وأخبَرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحاسِبُ\n_________\n(^١) لابتا المدينة: هما الحرتان، والمدينة بين حرَّتين، والحرة الأرض الملبسة حجارة سودًا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٤٢) بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل (١١) من طريق ابن المبارك به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) في س: \"مسروق\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ٣٩٤.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٨١٢٦، ٩٩٨٧، ١٥٣٨١).","vol":"10","page":302},{"text":"في ذى الحجةِ سنةَ إحدى وخمسين، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِقلٌ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي حَسّانَ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ - وهَذا حَديثُ ابنِ المُبارَكِ - عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَلَكتُ. قال: \"ويحَكَ! ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. قال: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُها. قال: \"صُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أستَطيعُ. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فقالَ: \"خُذْه فتَصَدَّقْ به\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أعَلَى غَيرِ أهلِى؟ فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، ما بَينَ طُنُبَىِ المَدينَةِ (^١) - وقالَ عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ: ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ - أحَدٌ أحوَجُ مِنِّى. فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَدَت أسنانُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"خُذْه واستَغفِرْ (^٢) رَبَّكَ\". وقالَ عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ: فأُتِيَ بمِكتَلٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. قال الإسماعيلِيُّ: لَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُم عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ غَيرَ ابنِ المُبارَكِ. وقالَ الهِقلُ: بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. قال دُحَيمٌ: \"ويحَكَ! وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في يَومٍ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. فأُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) طنبا المدينة: أي: طرفاها، يعني بين طرفى المدينة، والطنب من أطناب الفسطاط، شبه حوزة المدينة بالفسطاط. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٣٠٠. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"الله ربك\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٤٣) وليس فيه طريق هقل. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق هقل به. وتقدم من طريق دحيم (٨١٢٧)، ومن طريق الوليد (٨١٤٢).","vol":"10","page":303},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: رَواه البخاريُّ في الأدَبِ عن ابنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ إلَى قَولِه: ما بَينَ طُنُبَىِ المَدينَةِ. لَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2219>بابُ مَن عَدَلَ صيامَ يَومٍ بمُدَّينِ مِن طَعامٍ</span>\n\n٩٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ زَكَريّا الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابن عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]. قال: إذا أصابَ المُحرِمُ الصَّيدَ يُحكَمُ عَلَيه جَزاؤُه، فإِن كان عِندَه جَزاؤُه ذَبَحَه وتَصَدَّقَ بلَحمِه، فإِن لَم يكنْ عِندَه جَزاؤُه قُوِّمَ جَزاؤُه دَراهِمَ، ثُمَّ قُوِّمَتِ الدَّراهِمُ طَعامًا، فصامَ مَكانَ كُلِّ نِصفِ صاعٍ يَومًا، وإِنَّما أُريدَ بالطَّعامِ الصّيامُ أنَّه إذا وُجِدَ الطَّعامُ وُجِدَ جَزاؤُه (^٢).\n\n٩٩٨٩ - وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ مِقسَمًا في الَّذِى يُصيبُ الصَّيدَ لا يَكونُ عِندَه جَزاؤُه، قال: يُقَوَّمُ الصَّيدُ دَراهِمَ، وتُقَوَّمُ الدَّراهِمُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦١٦٤).\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٣٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٥١٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٦٩٨، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٨١١) من طريق جرير به، وعند ابن أبي حاتم سَقْط في المتن.","vol":"10","page":304},{"text":"طَعامًا، فيَصومُ لِكُلِّ نِصفِ صاعٍ يَومًا. قال شُعبَةُ: وقالَ لِى أبانٌ وأبو مَريَمَ: إنَّه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، يَعنِى أبانَ بنَ تَغلِبَ (^١).\nكَذا في رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ تَقويمُ (^٢) الصَّيدِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ مَنصورٍ تقويمُ (^٢) الجَزاءِ، ومَنصورٌ أحَسَنُهُما سياقَةً لِلحَديثِ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه عَدَلَ في الجَزاءِ إذا كانَت شاةً صيامَ يَومٍ بإِطعامِ مِسكينَينِ، فإِذا كانَت بَدَنَةً أو بَقَرَةً صيامَ يَومٍ بإِطعامِ مِسكينٍ واحِدٍ، وقالَ: مُدٌّ مُدٌّ.\n\n٩٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا قَتَلَ المُحرِمُ شَيئًا مِنَ الصَّيدِ حُكِمَ عَلَيه فيه، فإِنْ قَتَلَ ظَبيًا أو نَحوَه فعَلَيه شاةٌ تُذبَحُ بمَكَّةَ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فإِطعامُ سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، وإِن قَتَلَ إيَّلًا أو نَحوَه فعَلَيه بَقَرَةٌ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ أطعَمَ عِشرينَ مِسكينًا، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ صامَ عِشرينَ يَومًا، وإِن قَتَلَ نَعامَةً أو حِمارَ وحشٍ أو نَحوَه فعَلَيه بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْه أطعَمَ ثَلاثينَ مِسكينًا، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ صامَ ثَلاثينَ يَومًا، والطَّعامُ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ، شِبَعُهُم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (١٥٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"يقوم\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٩٥٤) مقتصرا على ذكر النعامة.","vol":"10","page":305},{"text":"وَهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ وما قَبلَها تَدُلُّ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ عِندَه على التَّرتيبِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2220>بابٌ: أينَ هَدىُ الصَّيدِ وغَيرِه</span>؟\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥].\n\n٩٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ المُكتِبُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا شِبلُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ قال: وقالَ مُجاهِدٌ: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأى قَملَةً سَقَطَت على وجهِه، فقالَ: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَه أن يَحلِقَ وهو بالحُدَيبيَةِ، ولَم يُبَيِّنْ لَهُم أنَّهُم يَحِلّونَ بها، وهُم على طَمَعٍ أن يَدخُلوا مَكَّةَ، فأنزَلَ اللَّه: ﴿فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ﴾: فَرَقٌ بَينَ سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ. أو نُسُكٍ: شاةٌ، والنُّسُكُ بمَكَّةَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شِبلٍ دونَ قَولِه: والنُّسُكُ بمَكَّةَ (^٢).\n\n٩٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ مُحمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٨) من طريق شبل به. وتقدم في (٧٧٩٢، ٨٧٧٥، ٩١٦٤، ٩٨٧٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨١٧).","vol":"10","page":306},{"text":"الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سألَ مَرْوانُ بنَ عباسٍ ونَحنُ بوادِى الأزرَقِ: أرأيتَ ما أصَبْنا مِنَ الصَّيدِ لا نَجِدُ له بَدَلًا مِنَ النَّعَمِ؟ قال: تَنظُرَ ما ثَمَنُه فتَتَصَدَّقُ به على مَساكينِ أهلِ مَكَّةَ (^١).\n\n٩٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: ﴿فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ﴾ إلَى ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]. قال: مِن أجلِ أنَّه أصابَه في حَرَمٍ - يُريدُ البَيتَ - كَفّارَةُ ذَلِكَ عِندَ البَيتِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2221>بابُ ما يأكُلُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الصَّيدِ</span>\n\n٩٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه كان مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، حَتَّى إذا كان ببَعضِ طَريقِ مَكَّةَ تَخَلَّفَ مَعَ أصحابٍ له مُحرِمينَ وهو غَيرُ مُحرِمٍ، فرأى حِمارًا وحشيًّا، فاستَوَى على فرَسِه، فسألَ أصحابَه أنْ يُناوِلوه سَوطَه فأبَوا، فسألَهُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٥٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٦٨٧) من طريق سماك به. وعند عبد الرزاق أن ابن عباس هو الذي سأل مروان.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٧٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٨٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٧٠٦، ٧٠٧ من طريق آخر عن ابن جريج.","vol":"10","page":307},{"text":"رُمحَه فأبَوا، فأخَذَ رُمحَه فشَدَّ على الحِمارِ فقَتَلَه، فأكَلَ مِنه (^١) بَعضُ أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأبَى بَعضُهُم، فلَمّا أدرَكوا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سألوه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما هِىَ طُعمَةٌ أطعَمَكُمُوها اللَّهُ\" (^٢).\n\n٩٩٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى هارونُ بنُ موسَى الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْت على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ في الحِمارِ الوَحشِىِّ مِثلَ حَديثِ أبى النَّضرِ، إلَّا أنَّ في حَديثِ زَيدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"هَل مَعَكُم مِن لَحمِه شَئٌ؟ \" (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"معه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩١٤)، وفى المعرفة (٣١٨٢)، وفى بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٥٥، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٤٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٥٠. وينظر التخريج التالى.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٥٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٨٥٢)، والترمذي (٨٤٧)، والنسائي (٢٨١٥)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩١٤، ٥٤٩٠)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٥٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٣)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعي ص ٢٤٣، ٢٤٤، ومالك ١/ ٣٥١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٥٦٨)، والترمذي (٨٤٨) وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٩١٤)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٥٨).","vol":"10","page":308},{"text":"٩٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا قَتادَةَ يقولُ: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بالقاحَةِ (^١) ومِنّا المُحرِمُ وغَيرُ المُحرِمِ، إذ بَصُرْتُ بأصحابِى يَتَراءَونَ شَيئًا، فنَظَرتُ (^٢) فإِذا أنا بحِمارِ وحشٍ، فأسرَجتُ فرَسِى ورَكِبتُ، فأخَذتُ رُمحِى، فسَقَطَت سَوطِى فقُلتُ لأصحابِى: ناوِلونِي. وكانوا مُحرِمينَ فقالوا: لا واللَّهِ، لا نُعينُكَ عَلَيه بشَئٍ. فتَناوَلتُ سَوطِى، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ الحِمارَ مِن خَلفِه وهو وراءَ أكَمَةٍ، فطَعَنتُه برُمحِى، فعَقَرتُه فأتَيتُ به أصحابِى، فقالَ بَعضهُم: كُلُوه. وقالَ بَعضهُم: لا تأكُلوه. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمامَنا، فحَرَّكتُ فرَسِى فأدرَكتُه، فسألتُه فقالَ: \"هو حَلالٌ فكُلُوه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ؛ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٩٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه انطَلَقَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، فأحرَمَ أصحابِى ولَم أُحرِمْ، فانطَلَقَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، وكُنتُ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) القاحة: واد على ثلاث مراحل من المدينة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) الحميدى (٤٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٢٦) عن سفيان به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٢٣)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٥٦).","vol":"10","page":309},{"text":"أصحابِى، فجَعَلَ بَعضُهُم (^١) يَضحَكُ إلَى بَعضٍ، فنَظَرتُ فإِذا حِمارُ وحشٍ، فحَمَلتُ عَلَيه فطَعَنتُه فأثبَتُّه (^٢)، فاستَعَنتُ بهِم فأبَوا أن يُعينونِي، فأكَلنا مِنه وخَشِينا أن نُقتَطَعَ (^٣)، يَعنِى، فانطَلَقَتُ أرْفَعُ (^٤) فرَسِى، فأطلُبُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فلَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِن جَوفِ اللَّيلِ مِن غِفارٍ، فقُلتُ: أينَ تَرَكتَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: بالسُّقيا. يَعنِى فلَحِقتُ به، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أصحابَكَ يَقْرءونَ عَلَيكَ السَّلامَ ورَحمَةَ اللَّهِ، وقَد خَشُوا أن يُقتَطَعوا دونَكَ، فانتَظِرْهُم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. وقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ حِمارَ وحشٍ، ومَعِى مِنه فاضِلَةٌ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِلقَومِ: \"كُلُوا\". وهُم مُحرِمونَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٦).\n\n٩٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبَرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبَرَنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو حازِمِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ يَومًا جالِسًا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بعض أصحابي\".\n(^٢) فأثبته: أي جعلته ثابتًا في مكانه لا حراك به. فتح الباري ٤/ ٢٥. أو معناه: أثبتُّ الطعنة فيه فأصبت مقتله. فتح الباري ١٠/ ٩٤.\n(^٣) نقتطع: أي يقطعا العدو عن النبي - ﷺ -. حاشية السيوطى على النسائي (٢٨٢٤).\n(^٤) أرفع فرسى: أي أكلفه السير السريع. حاشية السيوطى على النسائى (٢٨٢٤)\n(^٥) الطيالسى (٦٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٦٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٢٤) من طربق هشام به. وتقدم في (٩٩٣٥) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتي في (١٠٠١٠).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٨٢١)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٥٩).","vol":"10","page":310},{"text":"مَعَ رَهطٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في مَنزِلٍ في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نازِلٌ أمامَنا، والقَومُ مُحرِمونَ وأنا غَيرُ مُحرِمٍ. قال: فأبصَرَ القَومُ حِمارًا وحشيًّا، وأنا مَشغولٌ أخصِفُ نَعلِى فلَم يُؤذِنونِى (^١) به، فالتَفَتُّ فأبصَرْتُه، فقُمتُ إلَى فرَسِى فأسرَجْتُه، ثُمَّ رَكِبتُه ونَسيتُ السَّوطَ والرُّمحَ، فقُلتُ لَهُم: ناوِلونِي السَّوطَ والرُّمحَ. فقالوا: لا نُعينُكَ عَلَيه بشَئٍ. فنَزَلتُ فأخَذتُهُما، ورَكِبتُ فشَدَدتُ عَلَيه فقَتَلتُه، ثُمَّ جِئتُ به أجُرُّه قَد ماتَ، فوَقَعوا فيه يأكُلُونَه، ثُمَّ إنَّهُم شَكُّوا في أكلِهِم إيّاه وهُم حُرُمٌ، فرُحْنا وخَبَأْتُ العَضُدَ مَعِىَ، فادرَكْنَا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألناه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"مَعَكُم مِنه شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. فناوَلْتُه العَضُدَ، فأكَلَها وهو مُحرِمٌ حَتَّى تَعَرَّقَها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وعَلِيُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ؛ قال علىٌّ: حدثنا. وقالَ إبراهيمُ: أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يؤذننى\"، وفى ص ٤: \"يؤذوننى\".\n(^٢) تعرقها: أي لم يبق على عظمها لحمًا. فتح الباري ٩/ ٥٤٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه النسائي (٤٣٥٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٣)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧٧) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٧٠)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٣).","vol":"10","page":311},{"text":"أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، يَعنِى ابنَ عثمانَ التَّيمِيَّ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا مَعَ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ، فأهدَوا لَنا لَحمَ صَيدٍ وطَلحَةُ راقِدٌ؛ فمِنّا مَن أكَلَ ومِنّا، مَن تَوَرَّعَ فلَم يأكُلْ، فلَمّا استَيقَظَ قال لِلَّذينَ أكَلُوا: أصَبتُم. وقالَ لِلَّذينَ لَم يأكُلوا: أخطأتُم، فإِنّا قَد أكَلْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ حُرُمٌ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَهزٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ وهو يُريدُ مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى إذا كان في بَعضِ وادِى الرَّوحاءِ وجَدَ النّاسُ حِمارَ وحشٍ عَقيرًا، فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ذَرُوه حَتَّى يأتِىَ صاحِبُه\". فأَتَى البَهزِيُّ وكانَ صاحِبَه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، شأنَكُم بهَذا الحِمارِ. فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ فقَسَمَه بَينَ الرِّفاقِ وهُم مُحرِمونَ. قال: ثُمَّ سِرْنا، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بالأبواءِ فإِذا ظَبيٌ حاقِفٌ (^٣) في ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ وفيه سَهمٌ، فأمَرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يُقيمُ عِندَه حَتَّى يُجيزَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٥٦ عن المهرجانى من طريق إبراهيم وحده. وأخرجه الدارمي (١٨٧١) عن أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (١٣٨٣)، والنسائي (٢٨١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٥٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٧/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) حاقف: أي: قد انحنى وتثنى في نومه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٨٨.","vol":"10","page":312},{"text":"النّاسَ عَنه (^١).\n\n١٠٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ السّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ مُحمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن هِشامٍ صاحِبِ الدَّستُوائىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سألَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ عن لَحمٍ أُصِيدَ (^٢) لِغَيرِهِم أيأكُلُه وهو مُحرِمٌ؟ فأفتَيتُه أن يأكُلَه، فأتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: بِمَ أفتَيتَ؟ قُلتُ: أمَرتُه أن يأكُلَه. قال: لَو أفتَيتَه بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَوتُ رأسَكَ بالدِّرَّةِ. قال: ثُمَّ قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنَّما نُهيتَ أن تَصطادَه (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الشَّعثاءِ يقولُ: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن لَحمِ الصَّيدِ يُهدِيه الحَلالُ لِلحَرامِ (^٤)، قال: كان عُمَرُ يأكُلُه. قُلتُ: إنَّما أسألُكَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٤٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وسيأتي في (١٢٠٨٢، ١٨٩٤٧).\n(^٢) في ص ٤، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"اصطيد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٧٤٣، ٧٤٤ من طريق هشام به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٤٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٧٤ من طريق يحيى به. وليس عند عبد الرزاق: إنما نهيت. . . .\n(^٤) فى س: \"للمحرم\".","vol":"10","page":313},{"text":"نَفسِكَ أتأكُلُهُ؟ قال: كان عُمَرُ خَيرًا مِنِّى (^١).\n\n١٠٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ مُحمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أنَّه مَرَّ به قَومٌ مُحرِمونَ بالرَّبَذَةِ، فاستَفتَوه في لَحمِ صَيدٍ وجَدَه أُناسٌ أحِلَّةٌ. أيأكُلوه (^٢)؟ فأفتاهُم بأكلِه. قال: ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: بِمَ أفتَيتَهُم؟ قال: قُلتُ: أفتَيتُهُم بأكلِه. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَو أفتَيتَهُم بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ لأوجَعتُكَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٠٥ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ كَعبَ الأحبارِ أقبَلَ مِنَ الشّامِ في رَكبٍ مُحرِمينَ، حَتَّى إذا كانوا ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ وجَدوا لَحمَ صَيدٍ، فأفتاهُم كَعبٌ بأكلِه، فلَمّا قَدِموا على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: مَن أفتاكُم بهَذا؟ قالوا: كَعبٌ. قال: فإِنِّى قَد أمَّرتُه عَلَيكُم حَتَّى تَرجِعوا (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٠٦ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٧٤٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في س: \"ليأكلوه\"، وفي م: \"يأكلونه\"، وكذا في الموطأ وليس بلفظ في المصادر الأخرى.\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٥٢، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٤٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٥٢، وعنه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٥٠). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٧٤٤ من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.","vol":"10","page":314},{"text":"الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ كان يَتَزَوَّدُ صَفيفَ (^١) الظَّباءِ في الإحرامِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ الجُلاباذِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ العَتَكِيُّ، حدثنا الجارودُ بنُ يَزيدَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ قال: كُنّا نأكُلُ لَحمَ الصَّيدِ، ونَتَزَوَّدُه ونأكُلُه ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمَ بنُ طَهمانَ عن أبي حَنيفَةَ بمَعناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2222>بابُ ما لا يأكُلُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الصَّيدِ</span>\n\n١٠٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حاجًّا أو مُعتَمِرًا وخَرَجنا مَعَه، فصَرَفَ طائفَةً مِنهُم وأنا مَعَهُم، قال: \"خُذُوا ساحِلَ البحرِ حَتَّى تَلقَوْنِى\". فأخَذْنا ساحِلَ البحرِ، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) قال في مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٠: صفيف الظباء: قال مالك: هو قديدها. وقال الكسائي: هو الرشيق؛ يغلى اللحم ثم يرفع.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٥٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٦٦٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٧٤٥ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الآثار (٥٠٦) عن أبي حنيفة به.","vol":"10","page":315},{"text":"انصَرَفنا قِبَلَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحرَمُوا كُلُّهُم غَيرَ أبى قَتادَةَ، فبَينَما نَحنُ نَسيرُ إذ رأينا حِمارَ (^١) وحشٍ، فعَقَرْتُ مِنها أتانًا، فنَزَلُوا فأكَلُوا مِن لَحمِها، فقالوا: نأكُلُ لَحمَ صَيدٍ ونَحنُ مُحرِمونَ؟ فحَمَلوا ما بَقِىَ مِن لَحمِها حَتَّى أتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: إنّا كُنّا قَد أحرَمْنا وكانَ أبو قَتادَةَ لَم يُحرِمْ، فرأينا حُمُرَ وحشٍ، فعَقَرَ مِنها أتانًا، فنَزَلْنا فأكَلنا مِن لَحمِها، ثُمَّ حَمَلْنا ما بَقِىَ مِن لَحمِها، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل مِنكُم أحَدٌ أمَرَه أنْ يَحمِلَ عَلَيها أو أشارَ إلَيها؟ \". فقالوا: لا. قال: \"فكُلُوا ما بَقِىَ مِن لَحمِها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ المُقرِئِ: أو مُعتَمِرًا. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ قال: كان أبو قَتادَةَ في نَفَرٍ مُحرِمينَ وأبو قَتادَةَ مُحِلٌّ، فأبصَرَ القَومُ حِمارَ وحشٍ، فلَم يُؤذِنوه حَتَّى أبصَرَه أبو قَتادَةَ، فاختَلَسَ مِن بَعضِهِم سَوطًا، ثُمَّ حَمَلَ على الحِمارِ فصَرَعَه، فأتاهُم به فأكَلُوا وحَمَلُوا، فلَقُوا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فسألوه فقالَ: \"هَل أشارَ إلَيه إنسانٌ مِنكُم أو أمَرَه بشَئٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م، حاشية الأصل: \"حمر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٧٤)، والنسائى (٢٨٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٥) من طريق عثمان بن عبد الله بن موهب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٢٤)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٠).","vol":"10","page":316},{"text":"\"فكُلُوا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ فأحرَمَ أصحابِى ولَم أُحرِمْ، فرأيتُ حِمارًا فحَمَلتُ عَلَيه فاصطَدتُه، فذَكَرتُ شأنَه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وذَكَرتُ أنِّى لَم أكُنْ أحرَمتُ، وأنِّى إنَّما اصطَدتُه لَكَ، فأمَرَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - أصحابَه فأكَلُوا، ولَم يأكُلْ مِنه حينَ أخبَرْتُه أنِّى اصطَدتُه له (^٣). قال عليٌّ: قال لَنا أبو بكرٍ: قَولُه: اصطَدتُه لَكَ. وقَولُه: ولَم يأكُلْ مِنه. لا أعلمُ أحَدًا ذَكَرَه (^٤) في هذا الحَديثِ عن مَعمَرٍ، وهو موافِقٌ لِما رُوِىَ عن عثمانَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٠١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٦٦١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٧٤) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٠٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وسيأتي في (١٩٤٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٨)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩١، وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٣٧)، وعنه أحمد (٢٢٥٩٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٤٢) عن محمد بن يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٥٠٩).\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٤، م: \"ذكر\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٨)، والدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٩١. وسيأتي الأثر عن عثمان في (١٠٠١٥، ١٠٠١٦).","vol":"10","page":317},{"text":"حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: هذه لَفظَةٌ غَريبَةٌ لَم نَكتُبْها إلَّا مِن هذا الوَجهِ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن أبى حازِمِ ابنِ دينارٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ في هذا الحَديثِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أكَلَ مِنها (^١). وتِلكَ الرِّوايَةُ أودعاها (^٢) صاحِبا \"الصحيح\" كِتابَيهِما (^٣) دونَ رِوايَةِ مَعمَرٍ، وإِن كان الإسنادانِ صَحيحَينِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ مُحمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ ويَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الزُّهرِىُّ، أنَّ عَمرًا مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ أخبَرَهُما عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بن حَنطَبٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لَحمُ صَيدِ البَرِّ لَكُم حَلالٌ وأَنتُم حُرُمٌ ما لَم تَصِيدُوه أو يُصادَ (^٤) لَكُم\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٠١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٩٩).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٤، م: \"أودعها\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٧٠)، ومسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٣).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ \"يصاد\". وينظر فيض القدير ٥/ ٢٦٤، وحاشية السندى على النسائي (٢٨٢٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به، ومن طريق يحيى بن عبد الله به. وأحمد (١٤٨٩٤)، وأبو داود (١٨٥١)، والترمذي (٨٤٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٢٧)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧١) من طريق يعقوب به. وقال الترمذي: المطلب لا نعرف له سماعًا من جابر. وقال النسائي: عمرو بن أبي عمرو ليس بالقوى في الحديث. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٠١).","vol":"10","page":318},{"text":"ابنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنطَبٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَيدُ البَرِّ لَكُم حَلالٌ ما لَم تَصيدوه أو يُصادَ لَكُم\" (^١). فهَؤُلاءِ ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ أقاموا إسنادَه عن عمرٍو.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدٍ عن عمرٍو، وعن الثِّقَةِ عِندَه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ عن عمرٍو (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي داودَ عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n١٠٠١٤ - ورَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سَلِمَةَ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ابنُ أبي يَحيَى أحفَظُ مِنَ الدَّراوَردِىِّ، وسُلَيمانُ مَعَ ابنِ أبي يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٠ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وعندهما: رجل من بنى سلمة. بدلًا من: المطلب.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٢٠٨، واختلاف الحديث ص ٢٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩٠، والحاكم ١/ ٤٧٦ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢١١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥١٥٨) من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٢١١ وليس فيه ذكر سليمان. وينظر المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٦).","vol":"10","page":319},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، وهُما مَعَ سُلَيمانَ مِنَ الأثباتِ.\n\n١٠٠١٥ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: رأيتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بالعَرْجِ في يَومٍ صائفٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ، وقَد غَطَّى وجهَه بقَطيفَةِ أُرجوانٍ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بلَحمِ صَيدٍ فقالَ لأصحابِه: كُلُوا. قالوا: ألَا تأكُلُ أنتَ؟ قال: إنِّى لَستُ كَهَيئَتِكُم، إنَّما صِيدَ مِن أجلِى (^١).\n\n١٠٠١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ وأحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه اعتَمَرَ مَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - في رَكبٍ، فأُهدِىَ له طائرٌ، فأمَرَهُم بأكلِه وأبَى أنْ يأكُلَ، فقالَ له عمرُو بنُ العاصِ: أنأكُلُ مِمّا لَستَ مِنه آكِلًا؟ فقالَ: إنِّي لَستُ في ذاكُم مِثلَكُم؛ إنَّما اصطيدَ لِي وأُميتَ باسمِى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٤١، ومالك ١/ ٣٥٤. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٨/ ٤٠٩، والدارقطني في العلل ٣/ ١٤ من طريق عبد الله بن أبي بكر به. وليس عندهما إلا ذكر تغطية الوجه وهو محرم.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٩١، وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٤٥).","vol":"10","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2223>بابُ المُحرِمِ لا يَقبَلُ ما يُهدَى له مِنَ الصَّيدِ حَيًّا</span>\n\n١٠٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ أنه أهدَى لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حِمارًا وحشيًّا وهو بالأبواءِ أو بوَدّانَ، فرَدَّه عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما في وجهِى قال: \"إنّا لَم نَرُدَّه (^١) عَلَيكَ؛ إلَّا أنّا حُرُمٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٠١٨ - أخبرَنا مُحَمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ اللَّيثِيَّ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُخبِرُ أنَّه أهدَى لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حِمارَ وحشٍ بالأبواءِ أو بوَدّانَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) قال القاضي: وأنكره محققو شيوخنا من أهل العربية وقالوا: هذا غلط من الرواة وصوابه ضم الدال. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ١٩٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٧٩)، ومالك ١/ ٣٥٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٤٢٣)، والنسائي (٢٨١٨)، وابن حبان (٣٩٦٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٢٥، ٢٥٧٣)، ومسلم (١١٩٣/ ٥٠).","vol":"10","page":321},{"text":"مُحرِمٌ، فرَدَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال الصَّعبُ: فلَمّا عَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَدَّه هَديَّتِى في وجهِى قال: \"لَيسَ بنا رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، [ولَكِنّا حُرُمٌ] (^١) \" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه، أنَّ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ به بالأبواءِ أو بوَدّانَ، فأهدَى له حِمارًا وحشيًّا فرَدَّه عَلَيه، فلَمّا رأَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في وجهِه الكَراهيَةَ قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ بنا رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، ولَكِنِّى مُحرِمٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ ومَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ بمَعناه (^٥)\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ ومحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ ومحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ وغَيرُهُم عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، ص ٤: \"ولكنى محرم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٦٦٧٤)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٢٤) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٩٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٠) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٩٣/ ٥١).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٢٩) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. والطبراني (٧٤٤٢) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.=","vol":"10","page":322},{"text":"وخالَفَهُمُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، فرَواه كما:\n\n١٠٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أخبَرَه الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ أنَّه أهدَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَحمَ حِمارِ وحشٍ فرَدَّه، فرأى الكَراهيَةَ في وجهِه فقالَ: \"لَيسَ بنا رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، ولَكِنّا حُرُمٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وعَمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: أهدَيتُ له مِن لَحمِ حِمارِ وحشٍ (^٢).\nورَواه الحُمَيديُّ عن سُفيانَ على الصِّحَّةِ كما رَواه سائرُ النّاسِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ:\n\n١٠٠٢١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعناه مِنَ الزُّهرِيِّ عَودًا وبَدءًا، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أخبرَنِى الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ قال: مَرَّ بى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا بالأبواءِ أو بوَدّانَ، فأهدَيتُ له حِمارَ وحشٍ فرَدَّه عليَّ، فلَمّا رأَى في وجهِى الكَراهيَةَ قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ بنا رَدٌّ\n_________\n= وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٦٦٨٠)، والطبراني (٧٤٣٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٠)، وابن حبان (١٣٦)، من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٨١٤٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٣/ ٥٢).","vol":"10","page":323},{"text":"عَلَيكَ، ولَكِنّا حُرُمٌ\" (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى، وهو سَماعُ الحُمَيدِىِّ عن سُفيانَ فيما خَلا، ثُمَّ اضطَرَبَ فيه بَعدُ:\n\n١٠٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيديُّ: وكانَ سفيانُ يقولُ في الحَديثِ: أهدَيتُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَحمَ حِمارِ وحشٍ. ورُبَّما قال سفيانُ: يَقطُرُ دَمًا. ورُبَّما لَم يَقُلْ، وكانَ سفيانُ فيما خَلا رُبَّما قال: حِمارَ وحشٍ. ثُمَّ صارَ إلَى: لَحمَ. حَتَّى ماتَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أهدَى الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حِمارَ وحشٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ، فرَدَّه عَلَيه وقالَ: \"لَولا أنّا مُحرِمونَ لَقَبِلْناه مِنكَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وأبِى كُرَيبٍ (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه الأعمَشُ عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، وخالَفَه شُعبَةُ فرَواه كما:\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٧٨٣)، ومن طريقه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٦٦٨٤).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤١٧) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٩٤/ ٥٣).","vol":"10","page":324},{"text":"١٠٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الحِنّائيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبٍ سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُهدِىَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - شِقُّ حِمارِ وحشٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ فرَدَّه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٢).\nوخالَفَه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، فرَواه عن شُعبَةَ عن حَبيبٍ كما رَواه الأعمَشُ عن حَبيبٍ:\n\n١٠٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ أهدَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حِمارَ وحشٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ فرَدَّه (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٤/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٧٠ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به.","vol":"10","page":325},{"text":"وهو بقُدَيدٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ عَجُزَ حِمارٍ، فرَدَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقطُرُ دَمًا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢)، ولَعَلَّ هذا هو الصحيح؛ حَديثُ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ: عَجُزَ حِمارٍ. وحَديثُه عن حَبيبٍ: حِمارَ وحشٍ. كما رَواه أبو داودَ.\n\n١٠٠٢٧ - وقَد رَواه العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطيُّ، عن أبي الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ وحَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؛ قال أحَدُهُما: بقُدَيدٍ عَجُزَ حِمارٍ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: حِمارَ وحشٍ. فرَدَّه. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وإِذا كانَتِ الرِّوايَةُ هَكَذا، وافَقَت رِوايَةُ شُعبَةَ عن حَبيبٍ رِوايَةَ الأعمَشِ عن حَبيبٍ، ووافَقَت رِوايَةُ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ رِوايَةَ مَنصورٍ عن الحَكَمِ، فيَكونُ الحَكَمُ مُنفَرِدًا بذِكرِ الفَحمِ أو ما في مَعناه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٧٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٢١٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٤/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٢٣) من طريق شعبة به. وفيه: حمارا.","vol":"10","page":326},{"text":"جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أهدَى الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رِجلَ حِمارِ وحشٍ، وهو بقُدَيدٍ فرَدَّه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن المُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِنْ كان الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثامَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الحِمارَ حَيًّا، فلَيسَ لِمُحرِمٍ ذَبحُ حِمارِ وحشٍ حَىٍّ، وإِنْ كان أهدَى له لَحمًا، فقَد يَحتَمِلُ أنْ يَكونَ عَلِمَ أنَّه صِيدَ له فرَدَّه عَلَيه، وإيضاحُه في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وحَديثُ مالكٍ أنَّ الصَّعبَ أهدَى لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - حِمارًا، أثبَتُ مِن حَديثِ مَن حَدَّثَ أنَّه أهدَى له مِن لَحمِ حِمارٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ في حَديثِ الصَّعبِ أنَّه أكَلَ مِنه:\n\n١٠٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ أهدَى لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عَجُزَ حِمارِ وحشٍ وهو بالجُحفَةِ، فأكَلَ مِنه وأكَلَ القَومُ (^٤). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، فإِنْ كان مَحفوظًا فكأنَّه رَدَّ الحَىَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٢٢) من طريق منصور به. بزيادة: تقطر دمًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٤/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٨٦)، واختلاف الحديث ص ٢٤٥، وليس فيه: \"حيا\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٢٥.","vol":"10","page":327},{"text":"وقَبِلَ اللَّحمَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن (^١). وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ زَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ يَستَذكِرُه: كَيفَ أخبَرتَنِى عن لَحمِ صَيدٍ أُهدِىَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو حَرامٌ؟ قال: فقالَ: أُهدِىَ له عُضوٌ مِن لَحمِ صَيدٍ فرَدَّه، فقالَ: \"إنّا لا نأكُلُه؛ إنّا حُرُمٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى عاصِمٍ: أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ قَدِمَ، فأتاه ابنُ عباسٍ فاستَفتاه في لَحمِ الصَّيدِ، فقالَ: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بلَحمِ صَيدٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ فرَدَّه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه قال: وكانَ الحارِثُ خَليفَةَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٩٢٧١). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٨٢١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد وأبى عاصم به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٣٩) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٩٥/ ٥٥).","vol":"10","page":328},{"text":"عثمانَ - ﵁ - على الطّائفِ، فصَنَعَ لِعُثمانَ طَعامًا، وصَنَعَ فيه مِنَ الحَجَلِ واليَعاقيبِ (^١) ولُحومِ الوَحشِ، قال: فبَعَثَ إلَى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، فجاءَه الرَّسولُ وهو يَخبِطُ (^٢) لأباعِرَ له، فجاءَه وهو يَنفُضُ الخَبَطَ مِن يَدِه فقالوا له: كُلْ. فقالَ: أطعِموه قَومًا حَلالًا؛ فإِنّا قَومٌ حُرُمٌ. ثُمَّ قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: أنشُدُ اللَّهَ مَن كان ههُنا مِن أشجَعَ، أتَعلَمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُهدِىَ إلَيه رِجلُ حِمارِ وحشٍ وهو مُحرِمٌ فأبَى أنْ يأكُلَه؟ قالوا: نَعَم (^٣).\nوتأويلُ هَذَينِ المُسنَدَينِ؛ ما ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ في تأويلِ حَديثِ مَن رَوَى في قِصَّةِ الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ أنَّه أهدَى إلَيه مِن لَحمِ حِمارٍ. وأمّا عليٌّ وابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ - فإِنَّهُما ذَهَبا إلَى تَحريمِ أكلِه على المُحرِمِ مُطلَقًا، وقَد خالَفَهُما عُمَرُ (^٤) وعُثمانُ (^٥) وطَلحَةُ (^٦) والزُّبَيرُ (^٧) - ضي الله عنهم - وغَيرُهُم، ومَعَهُم حَديثُ أبى قَتادَةَ (^٨) وجابِرٍ (^٩)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الحجل: طائر على قدر الحمام أحمر المنقار والرجلين وله أكثر من صنف، واليعقوب: ذكر الحجل وجمعه يعاقيب. ينظر حياة الحيوان الكبرى ٢/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٢) يخبط: أي يضرب الشجرة بالعصا ليتناثر ورقها، لعلف الإبل. النهاية ٢/ ٧.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٨٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٣) من طريق عبد الله بن الحارث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٣١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٠٠٢ - ١٠٠٠٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٠١٥، ١٠٠١٦).\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٠٠٠٠).\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٠٠٠٦، ١٠٠٠٧).\n(^٨) ينظر ما تقدم في (٩٩٩٤ - ٩٩٩٩، ١٠٠٠٨ - ١٠٠١١).\n(^٩) تقدم فى (١٠٠١٢ - ١٠٠١٤).","vol":"10","page":329},{"text":"١٠٠٣٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت له: يا ابنَ أُختِى، إنَّما هِىَ عَشْرُ لَيالٍ، فإِنْ تَخَلَّجَ (^١) في نَفسِكَ شَئٌ فدَعْه. تَعنِى أكلَ لَحمِ الصَّيدِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عِمرانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ قال: أتَيتُ عائشةَ فسألتُها عن لَحمِ الصَّيدِ يُهديه الحَلالُ لِلحَرامِ، فقالَت: اختَلَفَ فيها أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ فكَرِهَه بَعضُهُم، ولَم يَرَ بَعضُهُم بأسًا، ولَيسَ به بأسٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2224>بابٌ</span>\n\n١٠٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن مُفَضَّلٍ، عن يَزيدَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا أحرَمَ الرَّجُلُ وعِندَه صَيدٌ فليَترُكْه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يختلج\".\nومعنى تخلج: تحرك شيء من الريبة والك. وأصل الاختلاج الحركة والاضطراب. وينظر النهاية ٢/ ٦٠.\n(^٢) مالك ١/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٦٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٧٩) من طريق مجاهد به.","vol":"10","page":330},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال: يُرسِلُه، فإِن ذَبَحَه فعَلَيه الجَزاءُ.\n\n١٠٠٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: سُئلَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن مُحرِمٍ ذَبَحَ صَيدًا، قال: يأكُلُه وعَلَيه الجَزاءُ، إلقاؤُه فسادٌ. قال حَمّادٌ: وكانَ أيُّوبُ يُعجِبُه قَولُ عمرٍو هَذا (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ أنَّه قال: هو مَيتَةٌ، لا يأكُلُه (^٢). وعن عَطاءٍ: لا يأكُلُه الحَلالُ (^٣). وعن عَطاءٍ: إذا أصابَ صَيدًا فعَلَيه فِديَةٌ، وإِذا أكَلَه فعَلَيه قيمَةُ (^٤) ما أكَلَ (^٥).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ: أن عائشةَ والحُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵃ - قالوا في الصَّيدِ يُذبَحُ بمَكَّةَ: لا يُؤكَلُ. قيلَ: فما يُصنَعُ بهِ؟ قال: يُطرَحُ، بمَنزِلَةِ المَيْتِ (^٦).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ، أنَّهُم كَرِهوا أن يُذبَحَ الصَّيدُ الَّذِى يُصادُ في الحِلِّ، في الحَرَمِ (^٧). وفِي رِوايَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٠٨) عن عمرو، دون ذكر الجزاء.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٧٢٦) عن عطاء بنحوه.\n(^٤) من هنا خرم في المخطوط \"س\" ينتهى في (١٠١٧٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٣٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠١٧) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى بنحو الرواية التالية، وفيه: الحسن بن على. وكذلك الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٤١) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى مقتصرًا على ذكر عائشة.\n(^٧) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٤٠) من طريق حجاج بنحوه دون ذكر عائشة. وعبد الرزاق (٨٣١٢) من طريق عطاء بنحوه عن ابن عمر وحده.","vol":"10","page":331},{"text":"أُخرَى عن الحَجّاجِ عن عَطاءٍ، أن عائشةَ وابنَ عباسٍ والحَسَنَ أوِ الحُسَينَ كَرِهوا ذَبحَ الصَّيدِ بمَكَّةَ، ولَم يَرَوا بأسًا أن يُدخَلَ به مَذبوحًا (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءٍ أنه قال: إذا أصابَ الحَلالُ في الحَرَمِ الصَّيدَ، حُكِمَ عَلَيه كما يُحكَمُ على المُحرِمِ. قال: والمُحرِمُ إذا أصابَ في الحَرَمِ فعَلَيه كَفّارَةٌ واحِدَةٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2225>بابٌ: لا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُ الحَرَمِ، ولا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُه ولا يُختَلَى خَلاه إلَّا الإذخِرَ</span>\n\n١٠٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ. قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال يَومَ الفَتحِ، فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \" [لا هِجرَةَ، ولَكِن جِهادٌ ونيَّةٌ، فإِذا استُنفِرتُم فانفِروا\". وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ] (^٣): \"إنَّ هذا البَلَدَ حَرَّمَه اللَّهُ يَومَ خَلَقَ السَّمَواتِ والأرضَ، فهو حَرامٌ بحُرمَةِ اللَّهِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؛ لا يُختَلَى خَلاها (^٤)، ولا يُعضَدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٠٥)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٤٤) من طريق عطاء عن ابن عباس وحده بمعناه.\n(^٢) بعد هذا الموضع في \"س\": باب ما يفسد الحج وهو ساقط في مكانه، وموضعه عقب (٩٨٦٣).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٤.\n(^٤) الخلا: النبات الرطب الرقيق ما دام رطبًا. واختلاؤه قطعه. النهاية ٢/ ٧٥. وينظر شرح النووي على =","vol":"10","page":332},{"text":"شَوكُها، ولا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها، ولا يَلتقِطُ لُقَطَتَها إلَّا مَن عَرَّفَها\". فقالَ العباسُ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إلَّا الإذخِرَ؛ فإِنَّه لِقَينِهِم ولِبُيوتِهِم. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ فلَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ كان قَبلِى، ولا تَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ بَعدِى، وإِنَّها أُحِلَّت لِى ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، لا يُختَلَى خَلاها، ولا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها، ولا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها، ولا تُلتقَطُ لُقَطُتها إلَّا لِمُعَرِّفٍ\". فقالَ العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إلَّا الإذخِرَ لِصاغَتِنا وبُيوتِنا. قال: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ والبُسْرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n= مسلم ٩/ ١٢٥، وهدى السارى ١/ ١١٤.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠١٨)، والنسائي (٢٨٧٤) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٣٥٣)، والترمذي (١٥٩٠)، وابن حبان (٣٧٢٠) من طريق منصور به. وسيأتي في (١٢٢٤٥) من طريق منصور.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٥٣/ ٤٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (١٣٤٩) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (٢٢٧٩) من طريق خالد به. وسيأتي في (١٢٢٤٦).","vol":"10","page":333},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وإِنَّما أُحِلَّت. وقالَ: فإِنَّه لِصاغَتِنا ولِسُقوفِ بُيوتِنا. وزادَ: قال عِكرِمَةُ: هَل تَدرِى ما: لا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها؟ أن يُنَحّيَه مِنَ الظِّلِّ ويَنزِلَ مَكانَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: لِصاغَتِنا وقُبورِنا (^١).\n\n١٠٠٣٩ - ورَواه أبو شُرَيحٍ الخُزاعِيُّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"فلا يَحِلُّ لامرِيءٍ يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَسفِكَ بها دَمًا ولا يَعضِدَ بها شَجَرَةً\". أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي شُرَيحٍ (^٢) أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٤٠ - ورَواه أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"حَرامٌ لا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها، ولا يُختَلَى شَوكَتُها، ولا يُلتقَطُ ساقِطَتُها إلّا لِمُنشِدٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السُّوسِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: فقالَ العباسُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٧٣)، والبخاري (١٠٤) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي مطولًا في (١٣٥٠٤)، وفى (١٨٨١٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٣٢)، ومسلم (١٣٥٤/ ٤٤٦).","vol":"10","page":334},{"text":"عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إلَّا الإذخِرَ فإِنّا نَجعَلُه في مَساكِنِنا وقُبورِنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ، إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^١). كَذا قال الوَليدُ بنُ مَزْيَدٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ.\nورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ فقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"فلا يُنَفَّرُ صيدُها، ولا يُختَلَى شوكُها، ولا تَحِلُّ ساقِطَتُها إلَّا لِمُنشِدٍ\" (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه: \"لا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها، ولا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها، ولا تَحِلُّ لُقَطَتُها إلَّا لِمُنشِدٍ\" (^٣). وَرَواه شَيبانُ عن يَحيَى فقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"لا يُخبَطُ شَوكُها، ولا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها، ولا يَلتَقِطُ ساقِطَتَها إلَّا مُنشِدٌ\" (^٤). وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في مَواضِعِه مِنَ الكِتابِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٠٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يَخطُبُ النّاسَ بمِنًى، فرأى رَجُلًا على جَبَلٍ يَعضِدُ شَجَرًا، فدَعاه فقالَ: أما عَلِمتَ أن مَكَةَ لا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها ولا يُختَلَى خَلاها؟ قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنَى حَمَلَنِى على ذَلِكَ بَعيرٌ لِى نِضوٌ (^٥). قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٩٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٢٤٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٥٥/ ٤٤٧)، وابن حبان (٣٧١٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٠١٧).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٢٢٤٤، ١٦١٣٢).\n(^٥) النضو: المهزول. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٧٢.","vol":"10","page":335},{"text":"فحَمَلَه على بَعيرٍ، وقالَ له: لا تَعُدْ. ولَم يَجعَلْ عَلَيه شَيئًا (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: مَن قَطَعَ مِن شَجَرِ الحَرَمِ شَيئًا جَزاه، حَلالًا كان أو مُحرِمًا؛ في الشَّجَرَةِ الصَّغيرَةِ شاةٌ، وفِي الكَبيرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ. يُروَى هذا عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَطاءٍ (^٢).\nوبِهَذا الإِسنادِ قال في الإملاءِ: والفِديَةُ في مُتَقَدِّمِ الخَبَرِ عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَطاءٍ مُجتَمِعَةٌ في أن في الدَّوحَةِ بَقَرَةً والدّوحَةُ: الشَّجَرَةُ العَظيمَةُ. وقالَ عَطاءٌ: في الشَّجَرَةِ دونَها شاةٌ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فالقياسُ لَولا (^٣) ما وصَفَتُ فيه أنَّه يَفديه مَن أصابَه بقيمَتِهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: رُوِّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ في الرَّجُلِ يَقطَعُ مِن شَجَرِ الحَرَمِ قال: في القَضيبِ دِرهَمٌ، وفِي الدَّوحَةِ بَقَرَةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المناسك لابن أبي عروبة (٢٧). وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٢٥)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٨/ ١٧٧، وابن جرير في تهذيبه (٢٥ - مسند ابن عباس) ١/ ١٦، ١٧ من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"مجتمعة\". والحديث في الأم ٢/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) في م: \"أولًا\".\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣١٩٣). وينظر تهذيب الآثار لابن جرير (١٨، ١٩ - مسند ابن عباس) ١/ ١٤، وأخبار مكة للفاكهى ٣/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩١٩٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤١٢٣)، وابن جرير في تهذيبه (١٧، ٢٠ - مسند ابن عباس) ١/ ١٤، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٢٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":336},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2226>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَرَمِ المَدينَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ القارِئُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: ما كَتَبنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا القُرآنَ وما في هذه الصَّحيفَةِ. قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المَدينَةُ حَرامٌ ما بَينَ عَيْرٍ إلَى ثَورٍ (^١)، فمَن أحدَثَ فيها حَدَثًا أو آوَى مُحدِثًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يَقبَل اللَّهُ مِنه عَدلًا ولا صَرفًا، ذِمَّةُ المُسلِمينَ واحِدَةٌ يَسعَى بها أدناهُم، فمَن أخفَرَ مُسلِمًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه عَدلٌ ولا صَرفٌ، ومَن والَى قَومًا بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَل مِنه عَدلٌ ولا صَرفٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عَيْر: جبل بالمدينة. وثور: جبل بالمدينة أيضًا على ما ذكره غير واحد. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١٤٣، وفاء الوفا بأخبار دار المصطفى ١/ ٩٣٨، ٩٣٩، وهدى السارى ١/ ١٦١، ٤/ ٨٢. ويراجع التعليق على الحديث في الإقناع للحجاوى ١/ ٦٠٩ - ٦١١ حاشية رقم (٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٣٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧١٧) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٦١٥)، والترمذي (٢١٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٧٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وعند أبي داود: عائر. بدل: عير.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١٧٩)، ومسلم (١٣٧٠/. . .).","vol":"10","page":337},{"text":"١٠٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يقولُ: لَو رأيتُ الظِّباءَ تَرتَعُ بالمَدينَةِ ما ذَعَرتُها؛ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما بَينَ لابَتَيها حَرامٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٤٤ - ورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ. قال أبو هريرةَ: فلَو وجَدتُ الظِّباءَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها ما ذَعَرتُها. وجَعَلَ حَولَ المَدينَةِ اثنَى عَشَرَ ميلًا حِمًى. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣). ورَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٨٨٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢١٨)، والترمذي (٣٩٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٥١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٧٣)، ومسلم (١٣٧٢/ ٤٧١).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٧١٤٥) وعنه أحمد (٧٧٥٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٧٢/ ٤٧٢).","vol":"10","page":338},{"text":"الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المَدينَةُ حَرَمٌ (^١) ما بَينَ عَيْرٍ إلَى ثَورٍ، فمَن أحدَثَ فيها حَدَثًا أو آوَى مُحدِثًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، وزادَ: \"لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ وغَيرِه عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ إبراهيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ ودَعا لَها، وحَرَّمتُ المَدينَةَ كما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ مَكَّةَ، ودَعَوتُ لَها في مُدِّها وصاعِها مِثلَيْ (^٥) ما دَعا إبراهيمُ لِمَكَّةَ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"حرام\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن بشران في فوائده (٥٥ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية) من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٧٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) كذا عزاه المصنف للبخاري ومسلم وتابعه الذهبي في المختصر، ولم نجده بهذا الإسناد عند البخارى. ينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٢٣٧٦)، وهو عند مسلم (١٣٧١/ ٤٦٩، ٤٧٠).\n(^٥) في م ومختصر الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٥٤، وأحمد: \"مثل\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٤٦) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"10","page":339},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٠٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءِ بنِ السَّندِيِّ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمَّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ إبراهيمَ ﵇ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، وإِنِّى حَرَّمتُ المَدينَةَ كما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ مَكَّةَ، ودَعَوتُ لَها في مُدِّها وصاعِها مِثلَ ما دَعا إبراهيمُ ﵇ لِمَكَّةَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ الفَرّاءُ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي المَوتِ المَكِّيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا علىٌّ هو ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ فيما قرأ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٢٩)، ومسلم (١٣٦٠/ ٤٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣١٦٢)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٦٩، ٥٧٠ من طريق أبى كامل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦٠/ ٤٤٥).","vol":"10","page":340},{"text":"عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - طَلَعَ له أُحُدٌ فقالَ: \"هذا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنا ونُحِبُّه، اللَّهُمَّ إن إبراهيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وإِنِّى أُحَرِّمُ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ صالِحٍ الشّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه في قِصَّةِ خَيبَرَ. قال: فلَمّا بَدا لَنا أُحُدٌ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنا ونُحِبُّه\". فلَمّا أشرَفَ على المَدينَةِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أُحَرِّمُ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها كما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ مَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَهُم في صاعِهِم ومُدِّهِم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا ثابِتُ بنُ يَزيدَ أبو زَيدٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأحوَلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ المَدينَةَ [حَرَمٌ آمِنٌ] (^٥)، مِن كَذا إلَى كَذا، لا\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٨٨٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٥٠١)، والترمذي (٣٩٢٢). وأخرجه مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٤٦٢) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٦٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٨. وأخرجه البخاري (٢٨٩٣) من طريق يعقوب به. وسيأتي في (١٢٨٨٣، ١٨٣٤٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٦٥/. . .).\n(^٥) في ص ٤: \"حرام\".","vol":"10","page":341},{"text":"يُقطَعُ شَجَرُها ولا يُحدَثُ فيها حَدَثٌ، فمَن أحدَثَ فيها حَدَثًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ: أحَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم هِىَ حَرامٌ، حَرَّمَها اللَّهُ ورسولُه، لا يُختَلَى خَلاها، فمَن يَعمَلْ بذَلِكَ فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ (^٤): فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ. والباقِى سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَزيدَ ابنِ هارونَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٩٩) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٦٣) من طريق يزيد به. والبخاري (٧٣٠٦)، ومسلم (١٣٦٦/ ٤٦٣) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، ولم تسبق الإشارة إلى إسناده لإبراهيم - وهو ابن عبد الله السعدى -. وقد أورده مكى بن أبي طالب في حديثه (٥٦٢) ضمن مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٦٦/ ٤٦٤).","vol":"10","page":342},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي أُحَرِّمُ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ، أن يُقطَعَ عِضاهُها (^١) أو يُقتَلَ صَيدُها\". وقالَ: \"المَدينَةُ خَيرٌ لَهُم لَو كانوا يَعلَمونَ، لا يَخرُجُ عَنها أحَدٌ رَغبَةً إلَّا أبدَلَ اللَّهُ فيها مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنه، ولا يَثبُتُ أحَدٌ على لَأْوائِها (^٢) وجَهدِها إلَّا كُنتُ له شَهيدًا أو شَفيعًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ إبراهيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، وإِنِّى أُحَرِّمُ ما بَين لابَتَيها\". يُريدُ المَدينَةَ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٦).\n\n١٠٠٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) العِضَاه: كل شجر فيه شوك. غريب الحديث للحربى ٣/ ٩٢٦.\n(^٢) اللأواء: الشدة في الحال. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٧.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٢١٦) حتى قوله: \"لو كانوا يعلمون\". وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٣) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأحمد (١٦٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٧٩) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٦٣/ ٤٥٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٧٣) من طريق قتيبة به. وفى (١٧٢٧١) من طريق يزيد ابن الهاد به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٣٦١/ ٤٥٦).","vol":"10","page":343},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عُتبَةَ (^١) بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن مَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ خَطَبَ الناسَ فذَكَرَ مَكَةَ وأهلَها وحُرمَتَها، فناداه رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ فقالَ: ما لِي أسمَعُكَ ذَكَرتَ مَكَّةَ وأهلَها وحُرمَتَها، ولَم تَذكُرِ المَدينَةَ وأهلَها وحُرمَتَها؛ وقَد حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما بَينَ لابَتَيها، وذَلِكَ عِندَنا في أديمٍ خَوْلانِيٍّ، إن شِئتَ أقرأتُكَه؟ قال: فسَكَتَ مَرْوانَ. ثُمَّ قال: قد سَمِعتُ بَعضَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنِّي حَرَّمتُ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ كما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ مَكَّةَ\". قال: وكانَ أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ يَجِدُ في يَدِ أحَدِنا الطَّيرَ فيأخُذُه فيَفُكُّه مِن يَدِه ثُمَّ يُرسِلُه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عقبة\". وفى المختصر: \"عبد الله\". قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٥٥: كذا قال: عبد الله. وصوابه: عتبة بن مسلم. وفى نسخة: عقة. وهو خطأ.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٧٢) من طريق عتبة بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦١/ ٤٥٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٩٧) عن الحاكم. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٢٢٢)، وعنه أبو يعلى (١٠١٠) من طريق أسامة به.","vol":"10","page":344},{"text":"أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبِ بنِ حَيّانَ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أُسَيْرُ بنُ عمرٍو قال: سَمِعتُ سَهلَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ وأَومأ بيَدِه إلَى المَدينَةِ، فقالَ: \"إنَّها حَرَمٌ (^٢) آمِنٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخاريُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن يُسَيرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: أهوَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه إلَى المَدينَةِ فقالَ: \"إنَّها حَرَمٌ آمِنٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٧٤/ ٤٧٨).\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"حرام\".\n(^٣) العيسوى أبو الحسن الهاشمى في فوائده (٤٧٩ - مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية)، وعنه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٤٨٠. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٩٢، وابن قانع في معجمه ١/ ٢٦٧، والطبراني (٥٦١١) من طريق عبد الواحد به. وعندهم: يسير. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٧٦) من طريق الشيبانى به. وعنده: يسير. ويسير وأسير واحد. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٤٢٢.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٩٧١)، وفي مسنده (٥١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٧٥/ ٤٧٩).","vol":"10","page":345},{"text":"١٠٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ اللَّخْمِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ إبراهيمَ ﵇ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، وإِنِّى حَرَّمتُ المَدينَةَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها؛ لا يُقطَعُ عِضاهُها، ولا يُصادُ (^١) صَيدُها\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو ضمرَةَ أنَس بنُ عياضٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَرمَلَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ إنِ هُرمُزَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُبادَةَ الزُّرَقِيَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه كان يَصيدُ العَصافيرَ في بئرِ إهابٍ - وكانَت لَهُم - فرآنِى عُبادَةُ وقَد أخَذتُ عُصفورًا، فانتَزَعَه مِنِّى فأرسَلَه وقال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها كما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ ﵇ مَكَّةَ، وكانَ عُبادَةُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"ينفر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٨٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٥٢٣٣) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦٢/ ٤٥٨).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣١٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٠٨، ٢٢٧٨٩) من طريق أبى ضمرة به. وعنده: عبد الله بن عباد. وقال الهثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٠٣: وفيه عبد الله بن عباد الزرقى ولم أجد من ترجمه وبقبة رجاله ثقات. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٨٢، والإصابة ٥/ ٢٧٤.","vol":"10","page":346},{"text":"يَعقوبُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^١) بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو ثابِتٍ عِمرانُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن صالِحِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه قال: اصطَدتُ طَيرًا بالقُنبُلَةِ (^٢) فخَرَجتُ به في يَدِى، فلَقِيَنِى أبى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ فقالَ: ما هذا في يَدِكَ؟ قُلتُ: طَيرًا (^٣) اصطَدتُه بالقُنبُلَةِ. فعَرَكَ أُذُنِى عَرْكًا شَديدًا، واستَنزَعَه مِن يَدِى فأرسَلَه وقالَ: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صَيدَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها. قال أبو مُصعَبٍ: يَعنِى حَرَّتَىِ المَدينَةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عبدانَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ المُؤَمَّلِىِّ قال: عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها. يَعنِى المَدينَةَ. ولَمَ يَذكُرِ القصَّةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي أيُّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّه وجَدَ غِلمانًا قَد ألجَئوا ثَعلَبًا إلَى زاويَةٍ، فطَرَدَهُم عنه. قال\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٠١، والضعفاء والمتروكين ٢/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) القنبلة: مَصْيَدة يصاد بها النُّهَسُ، وهو أبو براقش. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٠/ ٢٨٧ (ق ن ب ل).\n(^٣) في م: \"طير\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٩١ من طريق أبى مصعب به. والبزار (١٠٠٨) من طريق عبدان - لعله عمران - بن عبد العزيز بن عمر عن عبد الله بن يزيد به. وعلق عليه في حاشية المطبوع من مسند البزار: لم أجد ترجمته. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٣٠٤: وفيه محمد بن الحسن بن زبالة، وهو متروك.","vol":"10","page":347},{"text":"مالكٌ: ولا أعلمُ إلَّا أنَّه قال: أفِي حَرَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصنَعُ هَذا؟! (^١).\n\n١٠٠٦٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن رَجُلٍ قال: دَخَلَ علىَّ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ وأنا بالأسوافِ (^٢) وقَدِ اصطَدتُ نُهَسَاءَ (^٣)، فأخَذَه زَيدٌ مِن يَدِى فأرسَلَه (^٤).\nقال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البوشَنجِيُّ: النُّهَساءُ: الطَّيرُ الصَّغيرُ فوقَ العُصفورِ شَبيهٌ بالقُنبُرَةِ.\nالرَّجُلُ الَّذِى لَم يُسَمِّه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ - رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وإيّاه - يُقالُ: هو شُرَحبيلٌ أبو سَعدٍ.\n\n١٠٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنى شُرَحبيلٌ أبو سَعدٍ أنَّه دَخَلَ الأسوافَ - مَوضِعٌ مِنَ المَدينَةِ - فاصطادَ بها نُهَسًا يَعنِى طَيرًا، فدَخَلَ عَلَيه زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ وهو مَعَه، قال: فعَرَكَ أُذُنِى ثُمَّ قال: خَلِّ سَبيلَه لا أُمَّ لَكَ، أما عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ صَيدَ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٧/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٩٠ - ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٩٢، والشاشي (١١٠٨)، والطبراني (٤٨٣٠). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٣٠٤: وفيه يوسف بن حماس ولم أجد من ترجمه وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) الأسواف: حائط بالمدينة. تقدم (١٣١٢).\n(^٣) وهو النُّهَس، وتقدم معناه في (١٠٠٦١).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٧/ ٢ ظ، ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٩٠ - ومن طريقه الجندى في فضائل المدينة (٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٧٦) من حديث شرحبيل به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٣٠٣: وشرحبيل وثقه ابن حبان وضعفه الناس.","vol":"10","page":348},{"text":"ورُوىَ فيه أيضًا عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ مَرفوعًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2227>بابُ ما ورَدَ في سَلَبِ مَن قَطَعَ مِن شَجَرِ حَرَمِ المَدينَةِ أو أصابَ فيه صَيدًا</span>\n\n١٠٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَرزوقٍ أبو عَوفٍ البُزُورِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ القَطَوانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَخرَمِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن سَعدًا - ﵁ - رَكِبَ إلَى قَصرِه بالعَقيقِ، فوَجَدَ عبدًا يَقطَعُ شَجَرًا فاستَلَبَه، فلَمّا رَجَعَ جاءَه أهلُ العَبدِ يَسألونَه أن يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم ما أخَذَ مِن عبدِهِم، قال: مَعاذَ اللَّهِ أن أرُدَّ شَيئًا نَفَّلَنيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فلَم يَرُدَّ إلَيهِم (^٢) شَيئًا (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي عامِرٍ العَقَدِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ مِن ولَدِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فوَجَدَ غُلامًا يَقطَعُ شَجَرًا أو يَخبِطُه فسَلَبَه. وقالَ في آخِرِه: وأبَى أن يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٠٦١).\n(^٢) في م: \"عليهم\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٧، وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٣) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به.","vol":"10","page":349},{"text":"إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٠٠٦٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ، حَدَّثَنِي بَعضُ ولَدِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أخَذتُموه يَقطَعُ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ شَيئًا - يَعنِى شَجَرَ حَرَمِ المَدينَةِ - فلَكُم سَلَبُه، لا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها ولا يُقطَعُ\". قال: فرأى سَعدٌ غِلمانًا يَقطَعونَ، فأخَذَ مَتاعَهُم، فانتَهوا إلَى مَواليهِم فأخبَروهُم أن سَعدًا - ﵁ - فعَلَ كَذا وكَذا، فأتَوه فقالوا: يا أبا إسحاقَ، إنَّ غِلمانَكَ - أو مَواليَكَ - أخَذوا مَتاعَ غِلمانِنا. قال: بَل أنا أخَذتُه، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أخَذتُموه يَقطَعُ مِن شَجَرِ الحَرَمِ فلَكُم سَلَبُه\". ولَكِن سَلونِي مِن مالِى ما شِئتُم (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أبي عليٍّ السَّقّاءُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَخرُجُ مِنَ المَدينَةِ فيَجِدُ الحاطِبَ مَعَه شَجَرٌ رَطبُّ قَد عَضَدَه مِن بَعضِ شَجَرِ المَدينَةِ فيأخُذُ سَلَبَه، فيُكَلَّمُ فيه فيَقولُ: لا أدَعُ غَنيمَةً غَنَّمَنيها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٦٤/ ٤٦١).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢١٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٣٨) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وعنده: عن مولى لسعد أن سعدًا. . . . وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٩٢).","vol":"10","page":350},{"text":"وإِنِّى لَمِن أكثَرِ النّاسِ مالًا (^١). أبوه إسحاقُ بنُ الحارِثِ القُرَشِيُّ.\n\n١٠٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَعلَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رأيتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ أخَذَ رَجُلًا يَصيدُ في حَرَمِ المَدينَةِ الَّذِى حَرَّمَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَبَه ثيابَهُ، فجاءوا مَواليه فكَلَّموه فيه، فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ هذا الحَرَمَ وقالَ: \"مَن أخَذَ أحَدًا يَصيدُ فيه فليَسلُبْه\". فلا أرُدُّ عَلَيكُم طُعمَةً أطعَمَنيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَكِن إن شِئتُم دَفَعتُ إلَيكُم ثَمَنَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2228>بابُ كَراهيَةِ قَتلِ الصَّيدِ وقَطعِ الشَّجَرِ بوَجٍّ (^٣) مِنَ الطَّائفِ</span>\n\n١٠٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحِيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ المَخزومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إنسانٍ (^٤)، قال الحُمَيدِىُّ: بَطنٌ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٦، ٤٨٧ من طريق بشر بن المفضل به، وقال: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٠) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٧٩١): صحيح لكن قوله: يصيد - يعني في حرم المدينة - منكر. قال: والمعروف: يقطعون من شجر المدينة.\n(^٣) وَجّ: بفتح الراو، قال في المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٣٣١: هكذا في جميع المراجع، وأهله ينطقونه وِجّ بكسر الواو. وهو وادى الطائف الرئيس.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"هو الطائفى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٤٥٢.","vol":"10","page":351},{"text":"العَرَبِ - عن أبيه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوَّامِ - ﵁ - قال: أقبَلنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن لِيَّةَ (^١) نُريدُ مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا عِندَ السِّدرَةِ، طَرَفَ القَرنِ الأسوَدِ (^٢) حَذوَها استَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَخْبًا (^٣) ببَصَرِه، ثُمَّ وقَفَ حَتَّى اتَّقَفَ (^٤) النَّاسُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا إنَّ صَيدَ وَجٍّ وعِضاهَه - يَعنِى شَجَرَه - حَرامٌ مُحَرَّمٌ\". وذَلِكَ قَبلَ نُزولِه الطَّائفَ وحِصارِه ثَقيفًا (^٥).\nورَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ وقالَ فيه: واستَقبَلَ نَخْبًا ببَصَرِه. يَعنِى واديًا (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2229>بابُ كَراهيَةِ قَطْعِ الشَّجَرِ بكُلِّ مَوضِعٍ حَماه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٠٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ - أو قال: مَخلَدٍ - أخبرَنِى خارِجَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنِى أبي، عن جابِرِ\n_________\n(^١) لِيَّة: واد كبير من أودية الطائف كثير المياه والزرع والأهل. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٢٧٧.\n(^٢) القرن الأسود: جبل صغير مطلٌّ على عرفات. ينظر التاج ٣٥/ ٥٣٣ (ق ر ن).\n(^٣) نَخْب: واد صغير يمر جنوب الطائف على قرابة خمسة أكيال، ثم يصب في لِيَّة من ضفتها اليسرى. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣١٦.\n(^٤) في م: \"اتفق\". واتقف: مطاوع وقف، تقول: وقفته فاتقف. مثل وعدته فاتعد، واوتقف الناس: وقفوا. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٦٥.\n(^٥) الحميدي (٦٣) وليس عنده: بطن من العرب. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٣٢) من طريق عبد الله بن الحارث به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٤١).\n(^٦) أحمد (١٤١٦).","vol":"10","page":352},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُخبَطُ ولا يُعضَدُ حِمَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَكِن يُهَشُّ هَشًّا رَفيقًا\" (^١). كَذا قالَ.\n\n١٠٠٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصِّبْغِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ السُّرِّىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي خارِجَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه الحارِثِ بنِ رافِع بنِ مَكِيثٍ الجُهَنِىِّ ثُمَّ الرَّبَعِيِّ، أنَّه سألَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ السُّلَمِيَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: إنَّ لَنا غَنَمًا وغِلمانًا وهُم يَخبِطونَ على غَنَمِهِم مِن هذه الثَّمَرَةِ الحَبْلَةِ. قال خارِجَةُ: وهِىَ ثَمَرَةُ السَّمُرَةِ. قال جابِرٌ: لا، ثُمَّ لا، لا يُخبَطُ ولا يُعضَدُ حِمَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَكِن هُشُّوا هَشًّا. قال جابِرٌ: إن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أظُنُّه قال - يَنهَى أن يُقطَعَ المَسَدُ.\nقال جابِرٌ: والمَسَدُ مِروَدٌ لِلبَكَرَةِ (^٢). قال ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ: الحِمَى حَولَ المَدينَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ\n_________\n(^١) في نسخة في حاشية الأصل: \"رقيقًا\".\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٢٠٣٩). وليس فيه: أو قال: مخلد. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٩٣).\n(^٢) المسند: العود الذي تدور عليه البكرة. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥١٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٥٢) من طريق ابن أبي أويس به. وعنده: لينهانا أن نقطع المسد ومرود البكرة.","vol":"10","page":353},{"text":"الحُدّانِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: كان جَدِّى مَولًى لِعُثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ، وكانَ يَلِى أرضًا لِعُثمانَ فيها بَقْلٌ وقِثّاءٌ. قال: فرُبَّما أتانِي عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - نِصفَ النَّهارِ واضِعًا ثَوبَه على رأسِه، يَتَعاهَدُ الحِمَى أن لا يُعضَدَ شَجَرُه ولا يُخبَطَ. قال: فيَجلِسُ إلَيَّ فيُحَدِّثُنِى وأُطعِمُه مِنَ القِثّاءِ والبَقلِ، فقالَ لِى يَومًا: أراكَ لا تَخرُجُ مِمّا ههُنا. قال: قُلتُ: أجَل. قال: إنِّي أستَعمِلُكَ على ما ههُنا، فمَن رأيتَ يَعضِدُ شَجَرًا أو يَخبِطُ فخُذْ فأسَه وحَبلَه. قال: قُلتُ: آخُذُ رِداءَهُ؟ قال: لا (^١).\n\n١٠٠٧٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ الخَيّاطُ، عن العُمَرِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - حَمَى النَّقيعَ (^٢) لِلخَيلِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٣٤١٨). وأخرجه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٢٢) من طريق القاسم بن الفضل به.\n(^٢) في ص ٤، م: \"البقيع\"، والنقيع: موضع معروف بالمدينة تستنقع فيه المياه، وينبت الكلأ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٤، وكشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ٤/ ٧٨، ٧٩.\n(^٣) ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٣٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٣٨) من طريق حماد بن خالد به. وفى (٥٦٥٥) من طريق العمرى به. وسيأتي في (١١٩٢٨).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١١٩٢٧).","vol":"10","page":354},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2230>بابُ جَوازِ الرَّعىِ في الحَرَمِ</span>\n\n١٠٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا المَعْمَرِىُّ (^١) يَعنِى الحَسَنَ بنَ عليِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا أبي، عن وُهَيبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، أنَّه حَدَّثَ عن أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى المَهرِيِّ، أنَّه أصابَهُم بالمَدينَةِ جَهدٌ وشِدَّةٌ، وأنَّه أتَى أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ فقالَ له: إنِّي كَثيرُ العيالِ، وقَد أصابَنا شِدَّةٌ، فأرَدتُ أن أنقُلَ عيالِى إلَى بَعضِ الرِّيفِ. فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: لا تَفعَلْ، الزَمِ المَدينَةَ، فإِنّا خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: - أظُنُّه قال: - حَتَّى قَدِمنا عُسْفانَ (^٢). قال: فأقامَ بها لَيالِىَ، فقالَ النَّاسُ: واللَّهِ ما نَحنُ ههنا في شَئٍ، إنَّ عيالَنا لَخُلوفٌ (^٣) وما نأمَنُ عَلَيهِم. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"ما هذا الَّذِى يَبْلُغُنِى مِن حَديثِكُم؟! \". ما أدرِى كَيفَ قاله. قال: \"والَّذِى أحلِفُ به\". أو: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَقَد هَمَمتُ\". أو: \"إنِّي سأَهِمُّ\" - لا أدرِى أيَّتهُما قال - \"لآمُرَنَّ بناقَتِى تُرحَلُ، ثُمَّ لا أَحُلُّ لَها عُقدَةً حَتَّى أقدَمَ المَدينَةَ\". وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ إبراهيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ فجَعَلَها حَرَمًا، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي حَرَّمتُ المَدينَةَ حَرامًا ما بَينَ مَأزِمَيها (^٤) ألَّا يُهَراقَ فيها دَمٌ، ولا يُحمَلَ فيها سِلاحٌ لِقِتالٍ، ولا تُخبَطُ فيها شَجَرَةٌ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤: \"العمرى\". ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٥١٠، ٥١١.\n(^٢) عُسْفان: بلدة على ثمانين كيلًا من مكة شمالًا على الجادة إلى المدينة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢١٠.\n(^٣) عيالنا خُلُوف: أي: ليس عندهم رجال ولا من يحميهم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١٤٧.\n(^٤) المأزِم: هو الجبل. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١٤٧.","vol":"10","page":355},{"text":"إلَّا لِعَلَفٍ، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَنا في مَدينَتِنا، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَنا في صاعِنا، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَنا في مُدِّنا - ثَلاثًا - اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْ مَعَ البَرَكَةِ بَرَكَتَينِ، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه ما مِنَ المَدينَةِ مِن شِعبٍ ولا نَقبٍ إلَّا عَلَيه مَلَكانِ يَحرُسانِه حَتَّى تَقدَموا إلَيها\". ثُمَّ قال لِلنّاسِ: \"ارتَحِلوا\". فارتَحَلنا فأقبَلنا إلَى المَدينَةِ، فوالَّذِى نَحلِفُ به - أو: يُحلَفُ به. شَكَّ حَمَّادٌ في هذه الكَلِمَةِ وحدَها - ما وضَعنا رِحالَنا حينَ دَخَلنا المَدينَةَ حَتَّى أغارَ عَلَيها بَنو عبدِ اللهِ بنِ غَطَفانَ وما يَهيجُهُم (^١) قَبلَ ذَلِكَ شَئٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَمَّاد بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتَادَةُ، عن أبي حَسَّانَ، عن عليٍّ في قِصَّةِ حَرَمِ المَدينَةِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُختَلَى خَلاها، ولا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها، ولا تُلتَقَطُ لُقَطَتُها إلَّا لِمَن أشادَ بها، ولا يَصلُحُ لِرَجُلٍ أن يَحمِلَ فيها السِّلاحَ لِقِتالٍ، ولا يَصلُحُ لِرَجُلٍ أن يَقطَعَ مِنها شَجَرَةً إلَّا أن يَعلِفَ رَجُلٌ بَعيرَه\". وفِي رِوايَةِ\n_________\n(^١) هاج الشر وهاجت الحرب. أي: تحركت. والمعنى أنه لم يكن يمنعهم شيء من الإغارة على المدينة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٧٦) مختصرًا، وأحمد (١١٤٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣٧٤٣) مقتصرًا فيهم على قوله: \"اللهم بارك لنا في صاعنا ومدنا واجعل مع البركة بركتين\" من طريق أبى سعيد مولى المهرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٧٤/ ٤٧٥).","vol":"10","page":356},{"text":"هُدبَةَ: \"بَعيرًا\" (^١).\n\n١٠٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: شَهِدَ ابنُ عُمَرَ الفَتحَ وهو ابنُ عِشرينَ ومَعَه فرَسٌ جَرُورٌ (^٢) ورُمحٌ ثَقيلٌ. قال: فذَهَبَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَختَلِى لِفَرَسِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّ (^٣) عبدَ اللَّهِ إنَّ (^٣) عبدَ اللّهِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2231>بابٌ: لا يُخرَجُ مِن تُرابِ حَرَمِ مَكَّةَ ولا حِجارَتِه شَيءٌ إلَى الحِلِّ</span>\n\n١٠٠٧٨ - فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِيِّ حِكايَةً، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى أنَّه حَدَّثَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أنَّهُما كَرِها أن يُخرَجَ مِن تُرابِ الحَرَمِ وحِجارَتِه إلَى الحِلِّ شَيءٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣١٩٥)، وفى الدلائل ٧/ ٢٢٨ عن ابن عبدان، وأبو داود (٢٠٣٥). وذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٩٣) معلقًا عن أبي حسان. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٩٠).\n(^٢) كذا في الأصل، وكتب تحته صح، وكذا في مختصر الذهبي، قال محققه: كذا في الأصل وكتب فوقها المصنف: صح. وفى نسخة منه: \"حرون\"، وفى ص ٤، م: \"حرون\".\nقال ابن الأثير: ومنه حديث ابن عمر أنه شهد الفتح ومعه فرس حرون وجمل جرور. ثم قال: هو الذي لا ينقاد. النهاية ١/ ٢٥٨. ومن المجاز: فرس جرور وجمل جرور. التاج ١٠/ ٤٠٣ (ج ر ر).\n(^٣) في م: \"أين\". وفى أخبار مكة للفاكهى: فقال إن عبد الله إن عبد الله، وذكر خيرًا. ٣/ ٣٧١. وتستخدم العرب \"إنَّ\" محذوفة الخبر للإقرار، وهو من الاختصارات البليغة. النهاية ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٤) أحمد (٤٦٠٠). وأخرجه الطبراني - كما في المجمع ٩/ ٣٤٦، وقال الهيثمي: ورجاله رجال الصحيح إلا أن مجاهدًا أرسله.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٠٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٤٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٥٣٩)، والفاكهى =","vol":"10","page":357},{"text":"١٠٠٧٩ - قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقَد أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ الأزرَقِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قَدِمتُ مَعَ أُمِّى - أو قال: جَدَّتِي - مَكَّةَ، فأتَتها صَفيَّةُ بنتُ شَيبَةَ فأكرَمَتها وفَعَلت بها، فقالَت صَفيَّةُ: ما أدرِى ما أُكافِئُها به؟ فأرسَلَت إلَيها بقِطعَةٍ مِنَ الرُّكنِ، فخَرَجنا بها فنَزَلنا أوَّلَ مَنزِلٍ. فذَكَرَ مِن مَرَضِهِم وعِلَّتِهِم جَميعًا. قال: فقالَت أُمِّى - أو جَدَّتِي -: ما أُرانا أُتينا إلَّا أنَّا أخرَجنا هذه القِطعَةَ مِنَ الحَرَمِ. فقالَت لِى وكُنتُ أمثَلَهُم: انطَلِقْ بهَذِه القِطعَةِ إلَى صَفيَّةَ فرُدَّها وقُلْ لها: إنَّ اللَّهَ وضعَ في حَرَمِه شَيئًا فلا يَنبَغِى أن يُخرَجَ مِنه. قال عبدُ الأعلَى: فقالوا لِى: فما هو إلَّا أن تَحَيَّنَّا دُخولَكَ الحَرَمَ فكأنَّما أُنشِطنا مِن عُقُلٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2232>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الخُروجِ بماءِ زَمزَمَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: بَلَغَنا أن سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو أهدَى لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِنه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: والماءُ لَيسَ بشَئٍ يَزولُ فلا يَعودُ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ المَخزومِيِّ، عن ابنِ مُحَيصِنٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ\n_________\n= في أخبار مكة (٢٢٧٣) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٢٠٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٤٧. وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٣١)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحسن به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٢٠٠).","vol":"10","page":358},{"text":"قال: استَهدَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو مِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ (^١).\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٠٠٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ ابنُ البَغدادِىِّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: كُنَّا عِندَ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فتَحَدَّثنا، فحَضَرَت صَلاةُ العَصرِ فقامَ فصَلَّى بنا في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ قَد تَلَبَّبَ به، ورِداؤُه مَوضوعٌ، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بماءٍ مِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ ثُمَّ شَرِبَ، فقالوا: ما هَذا؟ قال: هذا ماءُ زَمزَمَ، وقالَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ماءُ زَمزَمَ لما شُرِبَ له\". قال: ثُمَّ أرسَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وهو بالمَدينَةِ قَبلَ أن تُفتَحَ مَكَّةُ إلَى سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو أن: \"أهدِ لَنا مِن مَاءِ زَمزَمَ ولا تَتِرُكَ\" (^٢). قال: فبَعَثَ إلَيه بمَزادَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ أبو كُرَيبٍ وأنا سألتُه، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَزيدَ الجُعفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُعفِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن عائشةَ كانَت تَحمِلُ ماءَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٤٩١)، وفى الأوسط (٥٧٩٦) من طريق مطين به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٨٦: وفيه عبد الله بن المؤمل المخزومى وثقه ابن سعد وابن حبان وقال: يخطئ. وضعفه جماعة.\n(^٢) كتب عليه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي م: \"يترك\"، يترك: ينقصك. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ٣٣٧ (وت ر).\n(^٣) لم نجده بهذا اللفظ. وتقدم في (٩٧٤٤) من طريق أبى الزبير بلفظ: \"ماء زمزم لما شرب له\".","vol":"10","page":359},{"text":"زَمزَمَ، وتُخبِرُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَفعَلُه (^١).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وزادَ فيه: حَمَلَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الأَداوَى (^٢) والقِرَبِ، وكانَ يَصُبُّ على المَرضَى ويَسقيهِم (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: لا يُتابَعُ خَلَّادُ بنُ يَزيدَ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2233>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَرمِى بسَهمٍ إلَى صَيدٍ فأصابَه أو غَيرَه في الحَرَمِ فيَكونُ عَلَيه جَزاؤُه</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٤]. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: [وزَعَمَ بَعضُ أهلِ التَّفسيرِ] (^٥) أنَّه تَنالُه أيديكُم بالرَّمىِ (^٦).\n\n١٠٠٨٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾. قال: يَعنِى النَّبلَ، وتَنالُ أيديكُم أيضًا صِغارَ الصَّيدِ؛ الفِراخَ والبَيضَ. ﴿وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾، يقولُ: كِبارَ الصَّيدِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٥. وأخرجه الترمذي (٩٦٣) من طريق أبى كريب به، وقال: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٢) الأداوى: بفتح الواو، جمع الإداوة، وهى المطهرة. المغرب ١/ ٣٣، والمصباح المنير ص ٥١.\n(^٣) في ص ٤: \"يشفيهم\". والحديث أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٨٩ من طريق أبى كريب به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٨٩.\n(^٥) في ص ٤: \"زعم أهل العلم بالتفسير\".\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٠١).\n(^٧) تفسير مجاهد ص ٣١٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٦٧٠، ٦٧١، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره =","vol":"10","page":360},{"text":"١٠٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ السَّلامِ، قال: سألتُ الأوزاعِيَّ (^١): رَجُلٌ أرسَلَ كَلبَه في الحِلِّ على صَيدٍ، فدَخَلَ الصَّيدُ الحَرَمَ فطَلَبَه الكَلبُ، فأخرَجَه إلَى الحِلِّ فقَتَلَه. فقالَ: ما عِندِى فيها شَيءٌ، وأنا أكرَهُ التَّكَلُّفَ. قُلتُ: يا أبا عمرٍو قُلْ فيها. قال: ما أُحِبُّ أكلَه، ولا أرَى عَلَيه أن يَدِيَه. قال عبدُ السَّلامِ: وتَيَسَّرَ لِى الحَجُّ مِن عامِى ذَلِكَ فلَقِيتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ فسألتُه عَنها، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ يُخبِرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عَنها فقالَ: لا أُحِبُّ أكلَه، ولا أرَى عَلَيه أن يَدِيَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الشّافِعِيُّ في الَّذِى يُرسِلُه على الصَّيدِ مِنَ الحِلِّ في الحِلِّ فتَحامَلَ الصَّيدُ فدَخَلَ الحَرَمَ فقَتَلَه فيه الكَلبُ فلا يَجزيه ولا يأكُلُه، وفَرَّقَ بَينَ الكَلبِ وبَينَ السَّهمِ يَجوزُ فيُصيبُه أو غَيرَه في الحَرَمِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2234>بابُ الحَلالِ يَصيدُ صَيدًا في الحِلِّ ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ به الحَرَمَ</span>\n\n١٠٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n= (٦٧٨٧) من طريق ورقاء به. وعبد الرزاق (٨١٧٢)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ١٩٣، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٦٧١، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٧٨٦) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^١) بعده في ص ٤: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٧٢) من طريق العباس بن الوليد عن أبيه قال: سئل الأوزاعي. دون ذكر اسم السائل، وفيه أن أباه هو الذي حج وسأل ابن جريج. وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٦/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢ من طريق عبد السلام به.","vol":"10","page":361},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُخالِطُنا حَتَّى يَقولَ لأخٍ لِى صَغيرٍ: \"يا أبا عُمَيرٍ، ما فعَلَ النُّغَيرُ؟ \" (^١). يَعْنِى طائرًا له (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابِرانِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أبي التَّيَّاحِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ النّاسِ خُلُقًا، وكانَ لِى أخٌ يُقالُ له أبو عُمَيرٍ - أحسَبُه قال: فطيمٌ - فكانَ إذا جاءَ قال: \"أبا عُمَيرٍ، ما فعَلَ النُّغَيرُ؟ \". كان يَلْعَبُ به، ورُبَّما حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ وهو في بَيتِنا فيأمُرُ بالبِساطِ الَّذِى تَحتَه فيُكنَسُ ويُنضَحُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ ونَقومُ خَلفَه فيُصَلِّى بنا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥).\n\n١٠٠٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ\n_________\n(^١) النغير: تصغير نُغَر. وهو طائر صغير. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٢٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٩٨) وفيه: جعفر بن آدم. بدلًا من: جعفر حدثنا آدم. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٩٩)، والترمذي (٣٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٧٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٦٧)، وابن حبان (٢٥٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦١٢٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٠٩) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٦٠) من طريق مسدد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٢٠٣)، ومسلم (٢١٥٠).","vol":"10","page":362},{"text":"ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان ابنٌ لأُمِّ سُلَيمٍ يُقالُ له: أبو عُمَيرٍ، كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رُبَّما مازَحَه إذا دَخَلَ على أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ، فدَخَلَ يَومًا فوَجَدَه حَزينًا فقالَ: \"ما لأبِى عُمَيرٍ حَزينٌ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ماتَ نُغَيرُه (^١) الَّذِى كان يَلعَبُ به. جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أبا عُمَيرٍ، ما فعَلَ النُّغَيرُ؟ \" (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بنَيسابورَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ داودَ بنَ أبى هِندٍ يُحَدِّثُ في بَيتِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أُهدِىَ لها طَيرٌ أو ظَبيٌ في الحَرَمِ، فأرسَلَته، فقالَ يَومَئذٍ هِشامٌ: ما عِلمُ ابنِ أبي رَباحٍ؟! كان أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ - يَعنِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ - بمَكَّةَ تِسعَ سِنينَ وأصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقدَمونَ فيَرَونَها في الأقفاصِ؛ القبارى واليَعاقيبَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤ ومختصر الذهبي ١٩٦١: \"نُغَره\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٥٧) من طريق الأنصاري به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٦٤) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى في (٢١٢٠٩).\n(^٣) القبارى: بضم القاف وتشديد الباء الموحدة واحدة القُبَّر، وهو ضرب من الطير يشبه الحمرة. واليعاقيب: جمع يعقوب وهو ذكر الحَجَل. ينظر حياة الحيوان الكبرى للدميرى ٢/ ١٩٦، ٤٣٧. والخبر أخرجه ابن أبي خيثمة في تاريخه (٥٧٨) - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٠/ ٤٠٤، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٥٠) من طريق حماد به ليس عندهم ذكر عائشة. وعند الفاكهى: حماد بن زيد قال: قيل الشام. وعنده: الدباسى. بدلًا من: اليعاقيب.","vol":"10","page":363},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2235>بابُ النَّفَرِ يُصيبونُ الصَّيدَ</span>\n\n١٠٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ قُرَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ له: أجرَيتُ أنا وصاحِبِى فرَسَينِ نَستَبِقُ إلَى ثُغْرَةِ الثَّنيَّةِ (^١)، فأصَبنا ظَبيًا ونَحنُ مُحرِمانِ، فماذا تَرَى؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لِرَجُلٍ إلَى جَنبِه: تَعالَ نَحكُمْ أنا وأنت. فحَكما عَلَيه بعَنزٍ. وذَكَرَ في الحَديثِ أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: هذا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ أبى بشرٍ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ قال: جاءَ نَفَرٌ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ قالوا: إنّا أنفَجنا (^٣) ضَبُعًا فرَدَّدناها بَينَنا فأصَبناها، ومِنّا الحَلالُ ومِنّا المُحرِمُ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵁ -: إن كان ضَبُعًا فكَبشٌ سَمينٌ، وإِن كان ضَبُعَةً فنَعجَةٌ سَمينَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الثنية بالإطلاق من غير إضافة سبق تعريفها في (٩٠٨٧)، والثغرة: الثُّلمة وهى الفرجة في الحائط والجبل. النهاية ١/ ٢١٣، وتفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٠٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٤٠، ومالك ١/ ٤١٤. وتقدم في (٩٩٤٦).\n(^٣) أي: أثرناها. النهاية ٥/ ٨٨.","vol":"10","page":364},{"text":"قال: فقالوا: يا أبا عباسٍ على كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن تَخارَجونَ بَينَكُم (^١).\n\n١٠٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عَمّارٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، أن مَوالِىَ لابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أحرَموا، إذ مَرَّت بهِم ضَبُعٌ فحذَفوها بعِصيِّهِم (^٢) فأصابوها، فوَقَعَ في أنفُسِهِم، فأتَوُا (^٣) ابنَ عُمَرَ فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: عَلَيكُم كَبشٌ. قالوا: على كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنّا كَبشٌ؟ قال: إنَّكُم لَمُعَزَّزٌ بكُم، عَلَيكُم كُلِّكُم كَبشٌ (^٤). قال عليٌّ: قال اللُّغَويّونَ: لَمُعَزَّزٌ بكُم، أي: لَمُشَدَّدٌ بكُم.\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ عن حَمّادٍ عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ عن رَباحٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوصولًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدولابى في الكنى والأسماء ١/ ٤٥٨، ٤٥٩ من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٠ من طريق عبد الواحد به، وفيه: مجالد. بدلًا من: مجاهد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٣٢، ١٥/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"بعضهم\".\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٤، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٥٧) من طريق عمار به. وقد رواه الشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٧ من طريق حماد مولى بنى مخزوم عن ابن عمر. وفيه: لمغرر. بدلًا من: لمعزز.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٦٠، ١٦١ من طريق ابن مهدى. وذكره في ص ١٦١ عن سليمان بن حرب به.","vol":"10","page":365},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2236>بابُ مَن قال: يَحِلُّ الصَّيدُ بالتَّحَلُّلِ الأوَّلِ. ومَن قال: لا يَحِلُّ</span>\n\n١٠٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ الناسَ بعَرَفَةَ يُعَلِّمُهُم أمرَ الحَجِّ، وكانَ فيما قال لَهُم: إذا جِئتُم مِنًى فمَن رَمَى الجَمرَةَ فقَد حَلَّ له ما حَرُمَ عَلَيه إلَّا النِّساءَ والطِّيبَ، لا يَمَسُّ أحَدٌ نِساءً ولا طيبًا حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^١).\n\n١٠٠٩٣ - قال مالكٌ وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: مَن رَمَى الجَمرَةَ ثُمَّ حَلَقَ أو قَصَّرَ ونَحَرَ هَديًا إن كان مَعَه، فقَد حَلَّ له ما حَرُمَ عَلَيه، إلَّا النِّساءَ والطّيبَ حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ يَعنِى العُرَنِيَّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا رَمَيتَ الجَمرَةَ فقَد حَلَّ لَكَ كُلُّ شَئٍ إلَّا النِّساءَ حَتَّى تَطوفَ بالبَيتِ. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: أيَتَطَيَّبُ؟ قال: أمّا أنا فقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُضَمِّخُ رأسَه بالمِسكِ. أو قال: بالسُّكِّ، أفَطِيبٌ ذَلِكَ أم لا؟ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١١٥)، ومالك ١/ ٤١٠.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١١٦)، ومالك ١/ ٤١٠.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٦٧٨).","vol":"10","page":366},{"text":"١٠٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: إذا ذَبَحَ وحَلَقَ، وأصابَ صَيدًا قَبلَ أن يَزورَ البَيتَ؛ فإِنَّ عَلَيه جزاءَه (^١) ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِن إحرامِه شَئٌ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٢].\n\n١٠٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن أصابَ صَيدًا وقَد رَمَى الجَمرَةَ ولَم يُفِضْ فعَلَيه جَزاؤُه.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٤، م: \"جزاؤه\".","vol":"10","page":367},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2237>جِماعُ أبوابِ جَزاءِ الطَّيرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2238>بابُ ما جاءَ في جَزاءِ الحَمامِ وما في مَعناه</span>\n\n١٠٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَثيرٍ الدّارِيَّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ أبي خَصْفَةَ (^١)، عن نافِعِ بنِ عبدِ الحارِثِ قال: قَدِمَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مَكَّةَ، فدَخَلَ دارَ النَّدوَةِ في يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ وأرادَ أن يَستَقرِبَ مِنها الرَّواحَ إلَى المَسجِدِ، فألقَى رِداءَه على واقِفٍ في البَيتِ، فوَقَعَ عَلَيه طَيرٌ مِن هذا الحَمامِ فأطارَه، فوَقَعَ عَلَيه فانتَهَزَته (^٢) حَيَّةٌ فقَتَلَته، فلَمّا صَلَّى الجُمُعَةَ دَخَلتُ عَلَيه أنا وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ فقالَ: احكُما عليَّ في شَئٍ صَنَعتُه اليَومَ، إنِّي دَخَلتُ هذه الدّارَ وأرَدتُ أن أستَقرِبَ مِنها الرَّواحَ إلَى المَسجِدِ، فألقَيتُ رِدائى على هذا الواقِفِ، فوَقَعَ عَلَيه طَيرٌ مِن هذا الحَمامِ فخَشِيتُ أن يُلَطِّخَه بسَلْحِه (^٣) فأطَرتُه عنه، فوَقَعَ على هذا الواقِفِ الآخَرِ فانتَهَزَته حَيَّةٌ فقَتَلَته، فوَجَدتُ في نَفسِى أنِّى أطَرتُه مِن مَنزِلَةٍ كان فيها آمِنًا إلَى مَوقِعَةٍ كان فيها حَتفُه. فقُلتُ لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ -: كَيف تَرَى في عَنزٍ ثَنيَّةٍ عَفراءَ (^٤) نَحكُمُ بها\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حفصة\"، ويقال فيه: حفصة وخصفة. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٤٩، وتعجيل المنفعة ١/ ٦٩٠، والثقات ٤/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٢) انتهزته: أسرعت في تناوله. التاج ١٥/ ٣٦٤ (ن هـ ز).\n(^٣) سلح الطائر: خرؤه. ينظر التاج ١/ ٢٠٩ (خ ر أ).\n(^٤) الثنية من الغنم: ما دخل في السنة الثالثة، والعفراء: خالصة البياض. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٢٦، وتاج =","vol":"10","page":368},{"text":"على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: أرَى ذَلِكَ. فأَمَرَ بها عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٠٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في كِتابِ مُختَصرِ الحَجِّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قَضَى في حَمامَةٍ مِن حَمامِ مَكَّةَ بشاةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٠٩٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه جَعَلَ في حَمامِ الحَرَمِ على المُحرِمِ والحَلالِ في كُلِّ حَمامَةٍ شاةً (^٣).\n\n١٠١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ قَتَلَ ابنٌ له حَمامَةً، فجاءَ ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ ذَلِكَ له. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: [تَذبَحُ شاةً فيَتَصَدَّقُ] (^٤) بها. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أمِن حَمامِ مَكَّةَ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n_________\n= العروس ١٣/ ٨٤ (ع ف ر).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢١١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٧٧)، والمعرفة (٣٢١٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٧. وتقدم في (٩٨٠٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٩٥٥) من طريق عبد الملك بلفظ: \"في الحمامة شاة. . .\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: بدون نقط فيتصدق، وفي م: \"يذبح شاة فيتصدق\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢١٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٦٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨٥١)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٦٩)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤١، ١٤٢ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":369},{"text":"ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: في الحَمامَةِ شاةٌ لا يُؤكَلُ مِنها، يُتَصَدَّقُ بها. وعن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: في الخُضرِيِّ (^١) والدُّبسِىِّ (^٢) والقُمرِىِّ والقَطاةِ والحَجَلِ شاةٌ شاةٌ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ أظُنُّه أبا بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في رَجُلٍ أغلَقَ بابَه على حَمامَةٍ وفَرخَيها، يَعنِى فرَجَعَ وقَد موِّتَت، فأغرَمَه ابنُ عُمَرَ ثَلاثَ شياهٍ مِنَ الغَنَمِ.\n\n١٠١٠٢ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي الوَليدِ الفَقيهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ عن عَطاءٍ ويوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، ومَنصورٍ عن عَطاءٍ، أن رَجُلًا أغلَقَ بابَه على حَمامَةٍ وفَرخَيها، ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ إلَى عَرَفاتٍ ومِنًى، فرَجَعَ وقَد مُوِّتَت، فأتَى\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وعند عبد الرزاق: \"الوحظى\"، وعند ابن أبي شيبة: \"الأخضر\". والخضيرى: طائر من فصيلة الشرشوريات ورتبة الجواثم المخروطيات الماقير. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ٢٤٩ (خ ض ر).\n(^٢) الدُّبسى: ضرب من الحمام. اللسان ٦/ ٧٥ (د ب س).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٨١) من طريق الثوري به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٧٠) من طريق وكيع عن ابن أبى ليلى به.","vol":"10","page":370},{"text":"ابنَ عُمَرَ فذَكَرَ له ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلَ عَلَيه ثَلاثًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ وحَكَمَ مَعَه رَجُلٌ (^١).\n\n١٠١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: في حَمامِ مَكَّةَ إذا قُتِلَ شاةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٠٤ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عَطاءٍ في عِظامِ الطَّيرِ شاةٌ؛ الكُركِىِّ والحُبارَى والوَزِّ ونَحوِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2239>بابُ ما ورَدَ في جَزاءِ ما دونَ الحَمامِ</span>\nرُوِّينا عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كُلُّ طَيرٍ دونَ الحَمامِ ففيه قيمَتُه (^٤).\n\n١٠١٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٦٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٧٣)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٦) من طريق هشيم عن أبي بشر به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٤١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٦٥، ١٣٣٧٤)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٥٦)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤٢ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٢٧٧)، وذكره عبد الرزاق عقب (٨٢٨١) عن ابن جريج عن عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٩٥٦) من طريق الحارث عن عكرمة من قوله.","vol":"10","page":371},{"text":"عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما كان سِوَى حَمامِ الحَرَمِ ففيه ثَمَنُه إذا أصابَه المُحْرِمُ (^١).\n\n١٠١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى عَمّارٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه أقبَلَ مَعَ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ وكَعبِ الأحبارِ في أُناسٍ مُحرِمينَ مِن بَيتِ المَقدِسِ بعُمرَةٍ، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ وكَعبٌ على نارٍ يَصطَلِى مَرَّت به رِجْلٌ مِن جَرادٍ (^٢) فأخَذَ جَرادَتَينِ فمَلَّهُما (^٣) ونَسِىَ إحرامَه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ إحرامَه فألقاها، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ دَخَلَ القَومُ على عُمَرَ - ﵁ - ودَخَلتُ مَعَهُم، فقَصَّ كَعبٌ قِصَّةَ الجَرادَتَينِ على عُمَرَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ومَن بذَلِكَ، لَعَلَّكَ يا كَعبُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: إنَّ حِميَرَ تُحِبُّ الجَرادَ ما جَعَلتَ في نَفسِكَ؟ قال: دِرهَمَينِ. قال: بَخٍ دِرهَمانِ خَيرٌ مِن مِائَةِ جَرادَةٍ، اجعَلْ ما جَعَلتَ في نَفسِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٤/ ٢٢٠ عن ابن عباس به.\n(^٢) الرجل من الجراد: الجماعة من الجراد. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"فقتلهما\".\nومَلَّهما: أي شواهما بالمَلَّة. والمَلَّة: الرماد الحار الذي يحمى ليدفن فيه الخبز لينضج. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٦١.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢١٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦.","vol":"10","page":372},{"text":"١٠١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى بُكَيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: كُنت جالِسًا عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - فسألَه رَجُلٌ عن جَرادَةٍ قَتَلَها وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: فيها قَبضَةٌ مِن طَعامٍ، ولَتأخُذَنَّ بقَبضَةٍ جَراداتٍ، ولَكِن وَلَو. قال الشّافِعِيُّ قَولُه: ولَتأخُذَنَّ بقَبضَةٍ جَراداتٍ. أي: إنَّما فيها القِيمَةُ. وقَولُه: ولَو. يقولُ: تَحتاطُ فتُخرِجُ أكثَرَ مِمّا عَلَيكَ، بعدَ أن أعلَمتُكَ أنَّه أكثَرُ مِمّا عَلَيكَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن صَيدِ الجَرادِ في الحَرَمِ فقالَ: لا. ونَهَى عنه. قال: إمّا قُلتُ له أو رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: فإِنَّ قَومَكَ يأخُذونَه وهُم مُحتَبونَ في المَسجِدِ. فقالَ: لا يَعلَمونَ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٠٩ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: مُنحَنونَ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ومُسلِمٌ أصوَبُهُما، رَوَى الحُفّاظُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: مُنحَنونَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢١٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٨، ١٩٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢١٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٤٣)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٣٤)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤١ من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند الأزرقي: مخبتون. بدلًا من: محتبون.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٠)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩٨.","vol":"10","page":373},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2240>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَونِ الجَرادِ مِن صَيدِ البحرِ</span>\n\n١٠١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ جابانَ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجَرادُ مِن صَيدِ البحرِ\" (^١).\n\n١٠١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن أبي المُهَزِّمِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أصَبنا ضَربًا مِن جَرادٍ، فكانَ الرَّجُلُ يَضرِبُ بسَوطِه وهو مُحرِمٌ، فقيلَ له: إنَّ هذا لا يَصلُحُ. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّما هو مِن صَيدِ البحرِ\". رَواه أبو داودَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن أبي المُهَزِّمِ (^٣). وأبو المُهَزِّمِ يَزيدُ بنُ سُفيانَ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، ومَيمونُ بنُ جابانَ غَيرُ مَعروفٍ (^٥). فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= قال السندى: والرواية الأولى: محتبون من الاحتباء، وهو أن يضم الإنسان رجليه إلى بطنه بثوب يجمعهما به مع ظهره ويشد عليهما، وقد يكون الاحتباء باليدين عوض الثوب. . .، والرواية الثانية: منحنون من الانحناء وهو الانعطاف، تقول: حنيت العود أحنيته حنيا وحنوته أحنوه حنوا، ثنيته. مسند الشافعي عقب (٨٥٠).\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٥٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٥٤)، وقال: أبو المهزم ضعيف، والحديثان - هذا والذي قبله - جميعًا وهم.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٦٠)، والترمذي (٨٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) هو يزيد بن سفيان، وقيل: عبد الرحمن بن سفيان، أبو المهزِّم التميمي البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٣٩، ٩/ ٨٨، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٦٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٣٢٧، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٤٤١، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٢/ ٢٢٤. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٤٧٨: متروك.\n(^٥) هو ميمون بن جابان، أبو الحكم البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٤٠، والجرح =","vol":"10","page":374},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن مَيمونٍ عن أبي رافِعٍ عن كَعبٍ مِن قَولِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2241>بابُ بَيضِ النَّعامَةِ يُصيبُها المُحرِمُ</span>\nقال الرَّبيعُ: قُلتُ لِلشّافِعِيِّ: هَل تَروِى فيها شَيئًا عاليًا؟ قال: أمّا شَئٌ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه فلا. فقُلتُ: ما هوَ؟ قال: أخبرَنِى الثِّقَةُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"في بَيضَةِ النَّعامَةِ يُصيبُها المُحرِمُ قيمَتُها\" (^٢).\nقُلتُ: قَد روِىَ هذا مَوصولًا إلَّا أنَّه مُختَلَفٌ فيهِ:\n\n١٠١١٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أحسَنُ ما سَمِعتُ في بَيضِ النَّعامِ حَديثُ أبى الزِّنادِ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"في كُلِّ بَيضٍ صيامُ يَومٍ أو إطعامُ مِسكينٍ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وصَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ وغَيرُهُما عن\n_________\n= والتعديل ٨/ ٢٣٧، والثقات ٥/ ٤١٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٠٣، وتهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٣٤٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٩١: مقبول.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٨٥٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ١٩١ وفيه: عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٩ من طريق دحيم (عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم) به. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٢٧٤: وقال ابن أبي حاتم في العلل: سألت أبى عن حديث الوليد بن مسلم - وذكره - فقال: ليس بصحيح عندي، ولم يسمع ابن جريج من أبى الزناد شيئًا، يشبه أن يكون ابن جريج أخذه من إبراهيم بن أبي يحيى.","vol":"10","page":375},{"text":"الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هُرَيرَة عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٠١١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَيّانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - حَكَمَ في بَيضِ النَّعامِ كَسَرَه رَجُلٌ مُحرِمٌ صيامُ يَومٍ لِكُلِّ بَيضَةٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَكَذا رَواه أبو قُرَّةَ موسَى بنُ طارِقٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. ورَواه أبو عاصِمٍ وهِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى رَوَّادٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن زيادَ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبي الزِّنادِ عن رَجُلٍ عن عائشةَ (^٣) وهو الصحيحُ. قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ (^٤) وغَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ.\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٠١١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سعيدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٩ من طريق عيسى بن أبي عمران وسليمان بن عبد الرحمن وصفوان بن صالح به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٥٠ وفيه: عن أبي الزناد عن رجل عن عائشة.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٩ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٥) - من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٤) المراسيل لأبى داود (١٣٨).","vol":"10","page":376},{"text":"ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ أن مُعاويَةَ بنَ قُرَّةَ حَدَّثَهُم عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، أن رَجُلًا مُحرِمًا أوطأ راحِلَتَه أُدْحِيَّ نَعامٍ (^١)، فانطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ عليٌّ: عَلَيكَ في كُلِّ بَيضَةٍ ضِرابُ ناقَةٍ أو جَنينُ ناقَةٍ. فانطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَرَه ما قال علىٌّ، فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد قال علىٌّ ما تَسمَعُ، ولَكِن هَلُمَّ إلَى الرُّخْصَةِ، عَلَيكَ في كُلِّ بَيضَةٍ صيامُ يَومٍ أو إطعامُ مِسكينٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠١١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ قال: سُئلَ سعيدٌ عن بَيضِ النَّعامِ يُصيبُه المُحرِمُ، فأخبَرَنا عن مَطَرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ.\nوقيلَ فيه: عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عليٍّ (^٤).\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٠١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أدحى النعام: هو الموضع الذي تبيض فيه النعامة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ١٤٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٣٩) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٠٥٨٢) من طريق سعيد به. وليس عند أبي داود: \"أو إطعام مسكين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٧) عن الحاكم. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ١٠، ١١ عن عبد الوهاب.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٨، ٢٤٩ من طريق معاوية بن قرة به. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٣/ ١٣٥: غريب.","vol":"10","page":377},{"text":"عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ - ﵁ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَضَى في بَيضِ نَعامٍ أصابَه مُحرِمٌ بقَدرِ ثَمَنِهِ (^١).\nورَواه موسَى بنُ داودَ عن إبراهيمَ وقالَ: بقيمَتِه (^٢). ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي المُهَزِّمِ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ ﵃ أجمَعينَ:\n\n١٠١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحِيرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤) بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال في بَيضَةِ النَّعامَةِ يُصيبُها المُحرِمُ: صَومُ يَومٍ أو إطعامُ مِسكينٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠١١٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. بمِثلِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٧. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢/ ٢٧٤: وحسين ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٢٦، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٨ من طريق موسى بن داود به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٨٦) من طريق أبى المهزم به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٧٠): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ على بن عبد العزيز مجهول، وأبو المهزم ضعيف واسمه يزيد بن سفيان.\n(^٤) في م: \"عبيد الله\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٩٣) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٩١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٩٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٣٦) من طريق أبى عبيدة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٩٥٨).","vol":"10","page":378},{"text":"١٠١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضْرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا خُصَيفٌ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ في بَيضِ النَّعامِ يُصيبُه المُحرِمُ قال: فيه ثَمَنُه. أو قال: قيمَتُه (^١).\n\n١٠١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه جَعَلَ في كُلِّ بَيضَتَينِ مِن بَيضِ حَمامِ الحَرَمِ دِرهَمًا (^٢).\nورَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن سعيدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ مِن قَولِه، ثُمَّ قال: أُرَى عَطاءً أرادَ بقَولِه هذا القيمَةَ يَومَ قالَه (^٣).\n\n١٠١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن هُشَيمٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عليٍّ فيمَن أصابَ بَيضَ نَعامٍ قال: يُضْرِبُ بقَدرِهِنَّ نُوقًا. قيلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الآثار (٥٠٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٢٤)، والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء ٢/ ١٢٤ من طريق خصيف به. وعند أبى يوسف والدولابى: ثمنه. وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبي شيبة: قيمته.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٩٥٥) من طريق عبد الملك بلفظ: في الحمامة شاة، وفى بيضتين درهم. . . . وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٨٩) من طريق عطاء بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٣١) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٩٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٨٦)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤٢، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٦٩)، وابن جرير في تهذيبه (٢٨ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"10","page":379},{"text":"له: فإِن أزلَقَت (^١) مِنهُنَ ناقَةٌ؟ قال: فإِنَّ مِنَ البَيضِ ما يَكونُ مارِقًا (^٢). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَسنا ولا إيّاهُم - يَعنِى العِراقيّينَ - ولا أحَدٌ عَلِمناه يأخُذُ بهَذا. يقولُ: يَغرَمُ ثَمَنَه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في كِتابِ المَناسِكِ: رَوَوا هذا عن عليٍّ مِن وجهٍ لا يُثبِتُ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ مِثلَه، ولِذَلِكَ تَرَكناه بأنَّ مَن وجَبَ عَلَيه شَئٌ لَم يَجزِه (^٤) بمُغّيَّبٍ يَكونُ ولا يَكونُ، وإِنَّما يَجزيهِ بقائمٍ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: لَيسَ فيما أورَدَه سَماعُ الحَسَنِ مِن عليٍّ، وحَديثُ مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوِيَ فيه أن ذَلِكَ كان على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَدَّ سائلَه إلَى صيامِ يَومٍ أو إطعامِ مِسكينٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2242>بابُ ما لِلمُحرِمِ قَتلُه مِن صَيدِ البحرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦]\n\n١٠١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أزلقت الناقة: أسقطت جنينها. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٥/ ٤١٣ (ز ل ق).\n(^٢) مرقت البيضة: فسدت. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٣٨٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٢٦)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧١ وفيه: أربعت. بدلًا من: أزلقت.\n(^٤) في م: \"يخرج\".\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ١٩١.","vol":"10","page":380},{"text":"﴿صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ﴾ قال: طَعامُه ما قَذَفَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أرأيتَ صَيدَ الأنهارِ وقِلاتِ السَّيلِ (^٢)، أصَيدُ بَحرٍ هو؟ قال: نَعَم. ثُمَّ تَلا علىَّ: ﴿هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ سَائِغٌ شَرَابُهُ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَمِنْ كُلٍّ تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا﴾ (^٣) [فاطر: ١٢].\n\n١٠١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريَّا بنِ أبي زائد، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سُئلَ عَطاءٌ عن بركَةِ القَسرِىِّ - قال: وهِىَ بركَةٌ عَظيمَةٌ في الحَرَمِ - أيُصطادُ؟ قال: نَعَم، ودِدتُ أن عِندَنا مِنها الآنَ (^٤).\n\n١٠١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يَذبَحَ المُحرِمُ ما لَو تُرِكَ لَم يَطِرْ؛ مِثلَ البَطَّةِ والدَّجاجَةِ، ويَكرَهُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٣٣ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٠١١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٧٢٧، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٨٣٣) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٢) قلات السيل؛ جمع قلت، وهى حفرة في حجر يجتمع فيها الماء إذا انصب السيل. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٤، والنهاية ٤/ ٩٩، ووقع في المشارق: نضب السيل. وينظر التاج ٥/ ٤١ (ق ل ت).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٢/ ١٨٢ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٣١) - وعبد الرزاق (٨٤٢٢)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤١، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٤٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ١٨٢ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٢٣١) - والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤١، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٤٨).","vol":"10","page":381},{"text":"أن يَذبَحَ ما لَو تُرِكَ طارَ؛ مِثلَ الحَمامِ وأشباهِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2243>بابُ ما لِلمُحرِمِ قَتَلُه مِن دَوابِّ البَرِّ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ</span>\n\n١٠١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ سَهلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الفَرُّخانِ (^١) الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ اللهِ (^٢) بنَ مِقسَمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أربَعٌ كُلُّهُنَّ فواسِقُ، يُقتَلنَ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الحِدَأةُ والغُرابُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وزادَ قال: فقُلتُ لِلقاسِمِ: أفَرأيتَ الحَيَّةَ؟ قال: تُقتَلُ بصُغرِها (^٤).\n\n١٠١٢٧ - أخبرَنا القاضِى أبو الهَيثَمِ عُتبَةُ بنُ خَيثَمَةَ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"العريان\". ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٢) في ص ٤: \"عبد الله\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٢٨٧)، وأبو عوانة (٣٦٣١)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٧٥٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٩٣) من طريق القاسم بن محمد.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وفي مسلم: \"بصغر لها\". والصُّغْر: وزان قفل - يعني الصغار، وهو الضيم والذل والهوان - وصَغِر صَغَرًا من باب تعب إذا ذلَّ وهان. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ١٣٠. والخبر في مسلم (١١٩٨/ ٦٦).","vol":"10","page":382},{"text":"الدَّوابِّ كُلُّها فاسِقٌ، يُقتَلنَ في الحَرَمِ؛ الغُرابُ والحِدَأَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ والعَقرَبُ والفأرَةُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٢٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ فواسِقُ يُقتَلنَ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الفأرَةُ والعَقرَبُ والحِدَأَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ والغُرابُ الأبقَعُ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ وقالَ: \"الحَيَّةُ\". بَدَلَ: \"العَقرَبُ\". وكأنَّ شُعبَةَ كان شَكَّ في ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٠١٢٩ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"خَمسٌ يُقتَلنَ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الحَيَّةُ\". أوِ: \"العَقرَبُ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِىَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٨٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٦٩) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٩١) من طريق معمر عن الزهري.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٢٩)، ومسلم (١١٩٨/ ٧١).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٦٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٧٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٨٢) من طريق شعبة به، وعندهما: الحية. بدلًا من: العقرب. وسيأتى في (١٩٣٩٢) من طريق غندر عنه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٩٨/ ٦٧).\n(^٥) في م: \"البواقى\".","vol":"10","page":383},{"text":"وكأنَّ رِوايَةَ أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِيِّ أصَحُّ؛ لِموافَقَتِها سائرَ الرِّواياتِ عن عائشةَ، وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ إنَّما رَوَى الحَديثَ في الحَيَّةِ والذِّئبِ مُرسَلًا، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ (^١).\n\n١٠١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ لَيسَ على المُحرِمِ في قَتلِهِنَّ جُناحٌ؛ الغُرابُ والحِدَأَةُ والعَقرَبُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٠١٣١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: ما يَقتُلُ المُحرِمُ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ؟ قال: \"الفأرَةُ\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١٦٦ من طريق ابن مرزوق به، وأحال على رواية ابن عمر الآتية بلا شك.\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٠١٣٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٨٦)، وفى المعرفة (٣٢٣٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٣، ومالك ١/ ٣٥٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٢٢٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٢٨). وسيأتي في (١٩٣٨٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٢٦)، ومسلم (١١٩٩/ ٧٦).","vol":"10","page":384},{"text":"والعَقرَبُ والغُرابُ والحِدَأَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\". قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: الحَيَّةُ؟ قال: الحَيَّةُ لا يُختَلَفُ فيها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ لا جُناحَ على مَن قَتَلَهُنَّ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الغُرابُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ والحِدَأَةُ والعَقرَبُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٠١٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أصبَغُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا تَميمُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: قالَت حَفصَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ كُلُّهُنَّ فواسِقُ، لا جُناحَ على مَن قَتَلَهُنَّ؛ العَقرَبُ والغُرابُ والحِدَأَةُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٩١)، والنسائي (٢٨٣٣) من طريق أيوب به دون قول نافع.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٩/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٣) - وعنه أبو داود (١٨٤٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٣٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٩٠) من طريق سعدان بن نصر.\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٩٩/ ٧٢).","vol":"10","page":385},{"text":"العَقورُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ حَرمَلَةَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أصبَغَ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ لا حَرَجَ على مَن قَتَلَهُنَّ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُنَّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا هاشِمُ (^٣) بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ قَتلُهُنَّ حَلالٌ في الحَرَمِ؛ الحَيَّةُ والعَقرَبُ والحِدَأَةُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٠١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيهِما بخُسرَوجِردَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي نُعْمٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَقتُلُ المُحرِمُ الحَيَّةَ والعَقرَبَ، ويَرمِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٢٨)، ومسلم (١٢٠٠/ ٧٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"هشام\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٨٤٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٦) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وفى (٢٦٦٧) من طريق على بن بحر به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦٣٠): حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":386},{"text":"الغُرابَ ولا يَقتُلُه، ويَقتُلُ الكَلبَ العَقورَ والفوَيسِقَةَ والحِدَأَةَ والسَّبُعَ العادِىَ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ السِّيَرِ (^٢) عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن هُشَيمٍ: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٠١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن وبَرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بقَتلِ الذِّئبِ والفأرَةِ والحِدَأةِ، فقيلَ له: والحَيَّةُ والعَقرَبُ؟ فقالَ: قَد كان يُقالُ ذَلِكَ. قال يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ: يَعنِى المُحرِمَ (^٣). الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ مُرسَلًا جَيِّدًا:\n\n١٠١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ ويَزيدُ بنُ عياضٍ وحَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٨٣٨) من طريق هشيم به. وأحمد (١١٢٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٩) من طريق يزيد به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود في كتاب المناسك (١٨٤٨). وسيأتي مسندًا في (١٩٣٩٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٥١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته قبل (٣٣).","vol":"10","page":387},{"text":"ابنَ حَرمَلَةَ الأسلَمِيَّ أخبَرَهُم عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَقتُلُ المُحرِمُ الحَيَّةَ والذِّئبَ\" (^١).\n\n١٠١٣٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. مِثلَه في الحَيَّةِ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمِنًى فوَثَبَت عَلَينا حَيَّةٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقتُلوها\". فابتَدَرناها فسَبَقَتنا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وُقيَت شَرَّكُم كما وُقيتُم شَرَّها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠١٤٠ - ورَواه أبو كُرَيبٍ عن حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ بهَذا الإِسنادِ مُختَصَرًا، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ مُحرِمًا بقَتلِ حَيَّةٍ بمِنًى. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٨٤)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١٣٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن حرملة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٤٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج بنحو لفظ الحديث الآتى.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٨٦)، والنسائي (٢٨٨٣)، وابن حبان (٧٠٨) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٢٣٤/. . .).","vol":"10","page":388},{"text":"أبو كُرَيبٍ (^١) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الوَزَغُ فوَيسِقٌ\". ولم أسمَعْه أمَرَ بقَتلِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤).\nوقَد سَمِعَه غَيرُها يأمُرُ بقَتلِهِ:\n\n١٠١٤٢ - أخبرَنا هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه قال: أمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بقَتلِ الوَزَغِ وسَمّاه فوَيسِقًا. لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٨) من طريق أبى كريب به. وعنده: في الحرم. بدلًا من: بمنى.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٣٥/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٦٣) من طريق مالك به. وأحمد (٢٥٢١٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٠)، وابن حبان (٣٩٦٣) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وليس عند النسائي وابن حبان قول عائشة.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٣١)، ومسلم (٢٢٣٩/ ١٤٥).\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٥٩٢)، وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٩٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٣٢) وعنه أبو داود (٥٢٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٦٣٥).","vol":"10","page":389},{"text":"ابنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أُمِّ شَريكٍ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بقَتلِ الأوزاغِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ أسلمَ يقولُ: وأيُّ كَلبٍ أعقَرُ مِنَ الحَيَّةِ؟! قال الحُمَيدِيُّ: كُلُّ شَئٍ يَعقِرُكَ فهو العَقورُ (^٤).\n\n١٠١٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: قال مالكٌ: الكَلبُ العَقورُ الَّذِى أُمِرَ المُحرِمُ بقَتلِه، إنَّ كُلَّ ما عَقَرَ النَّاسَ وعَدا عَلَيهِم وأخافَهُم؛ مِثلَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٣٨/ ١٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٦٥)، وابن حبان (٥٦٣٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٨)، والنسائي (٢٨٨٥) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جبير به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٩٥) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٣٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٢٣٧/ ١٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الحربى في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٩٩٩ من طريق سفيان بلفظ: وأى عاقر أعقر من الحية. والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء ١/ ٢٠١ من طريق زيد بن أسلم.","vol":"10","page":390},{"text":"\"الأسَدِ والنَّمِرِ والفَهدِ والذِّئبِ، فهو الكَلبُ العَقورُ (^١).\n\n١٠١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ في قَولِه: \"والكَلبُ العَقورُ\". قال: بَلَغَنِى عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ أنَّه قال: مَعناه كُلُّ سَبُعٍ يَعقِرُ. ولَم يَخُصَّ به الكَلبَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَد يَجوزُ في الكَلامِ أن يُقالَ لِلسَّبُعِ: كَلبٌ. ألا تَرَى أنَّهُم يَروونَ في المَغازِى أن عُتبَةَ (^٢) بنَ أبى لَهَبٍ كان شَديدَ الأذَى لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّطْ عَلَيه كَلبًا مِن كِلابِكَ\". فخَرَجَ عُتبَةُ إلَى الشّامِ مَعَ أصحابِه، فنَزَلَ مَنزِلًا فطَرَقَهُمُ الأسَدُ فتَخَطَّى إلَيه مِن بَينِ أصحابِه فقَتَلَه؟ فصارَ الأسَدُ ههُنا قَد لَزِمَه اسمُ الكَلبِ. قال: ومِن ذَلِكَ قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤]. فهَذا اسمٌ مُشتَقٌّ مِنَ الكَلبِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فيه صَيدُ الفَهدِ والصَّقرِ والبازِي، فلِهَذا قيلَ لِكُلِّ جارحٍ أو عاقِرِ مِنَ السِّباعِ: كَلبٌ عَقورٌ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: أمَرنَا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أن نَقتُلَ الحَيَّةَ والعَقرَبَ والفأرَةَ والزُّنبورَ ونَحن مُحرِمونَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٥/ ٢ و، ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"قوله في هذا عتبة بن أبي لهب غلط، وهو مما يغلط فيه، وإنما هو عتيبة بالتصغير أخو عتبة، وهذه القضية له لا لعتبة. ذكر ذلك أهل المعرفة بالنسب والمغازي، أما عتبة بن أبى لهب فإنه بقى حتى يوم فتح مكة وهو مذكور في الصحابة، والله أعلم\". وينظر تعليقنا على هذه القصة في التمهيد ٨/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٣٨٠، ٨٣٨١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٤٩)، والأزرقي في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤٨ =","vol":"10","page":391},{"text":"١٠١٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: أوَّلُ ما رأيتُ الزُّهرِىَّ انتَهَيتُ إلَيه وهو يُحَدِّثُ النّاسَ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: سُئلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، عن الحَيَّةِ يَقتُلُها المُحرِمُ. قال: هِىَ عَدوٌّ فاقتُلوها حَيثُ وجَدتُموها (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وذَكَروا له قَولَ إبراهيمَ: في الفأرَةِ جَزاءٌ إذا قَتَلَها المُحرِمُ. فقالَ حَمّادٌ: ما كان بالكوفَةِ رَجُلٌ أوحَشَ رَدًّا لِلآثارِ مِن إبراهيمَ؛ وذَلِكَ لِقِلَّةِ ما سَمِعَ مِن حَديثِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ولا كان بالكوفَةِ رَجُلٌ أحسَنَ اتِّباعًا ولا أحسَنَ اقتِداءً مِنَ الشَّعبِىِّ؛ وذَلِكَ لِكَثرَةِ ما سَمِعَ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٤٨ - حدثنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ يَعنِى الدِّينَوَرِىَّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ\n_________\n= من طريق سويد به.\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٠٤٠)، والأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ١٤٨، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٢٧٦ من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٣٨٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ٣٦٣، ٣٦٤ من طريق ابن السماك به. وقول إبراهيم أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٥٠٣٥) عن حماد قال: سألت إبراهيم: يقتل المحرم الفأرة؟ قال: لا. وفى (١٥٠٤٤) عن إبراهيم قال: يقتل المحرم الفأرة والغراب والعقعق. وأخرجه ابن حزم ٧/ ٣٦٨ من طريق حماد بلفظ: \"لا يقتل المحرم الفأرة\". ينظر التمهيد ٨/ ٢٧٥.","vol":"10","page":392},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ هارونَ الفِريابِيُّ قال: سَمِعت الشّافِعِىَّ محمدَ بنَ إدريسَ بمَكَّةَ يقولُ: سَلونِى ما شِئتُم، أُجِبْكُم مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ ومِن سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فقُلتُ له: أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، ما تَقولُ في المُحرِمِ يَقتُلُ زُنبورًا؟ قال: نَعَم، بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ [الحشر: ٧]. حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن رِبعِىٍّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقتَدوا باللَّذَينِ مِن بَعدِى أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ\" (^١).\n\n١٠١٤٩ - وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه أمَرَ المُحرِمَ بقَتلِ الزُّنبورِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2244>بابٌ: لا يَفدِى المُحرِمُ إلَّا ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضَى، وبِأنَّه ﷿ إنَّما حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم في الإحرامِ - بقَولِه: ﴿وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦]- ما كان حَلالًا لَهُم قَبلَ\n_________\n(^١) الحديث بتمامه أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٣٧)، والخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٤٦٨ - ٤٧٠) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب الدينورى به. وأبو إسماعيل الهروى في ذم الكلام (٢٥١) من طريق عبيد الله بن هارون به.\nوحديث حذيفة أخرجه الترمذي (٣٦٦٢) من طريق سفيان به، وقال: حديث حسن. وينظر تعليقه عقبه. وسيأتى في (١٦٦٦٨، ١٦٦٦٩) من طريق سفيان عن عبد الملك عن مولى لربعى عن ربعى، سماه في الموضع الثاني.","vol":"10","page":393},{"text":"الإحرامِ يأكُلوه (^١).\n\n١٠١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهُدَيرِ أنَّه رأى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُقَرِّدُ بَعيرًا له (^٢) في طينٍ بالسُّقيا وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٣). هَكَذا رَواه في \"الإملاء\" و\"مختصر الحج\".\n\n١٠١٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في كِتابِ \"اختلاف مالك والشافعي\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه رأى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُقَرِّدُ بَعيرًا له في طينٍ بالسُّقيا (^٣).\nهَكَذا رَواه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ وغَيرُه عن مالكٍ في \"الموطأ\". زادوا فيه: وهو مُحرِمٌ.\n\n١٠١٥٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل. وحذف النون بغير ناصب ولا جازم لغة معروفة عن العرب وهى قليلة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٢/ ٣٦، وهمع الهوامع ١/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١، وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٦٥٦٥).\n(^٢) يقرده: أي ينزع منه القُراد. ويأتى في كلام المصنف في الحديث الذي بعده. وهى دويبة تتعلق بالحيوان. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٣٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٩.","vol":"10","page":394},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهُدَيرِ، أنه رأى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يُقَرِّدُ بَعيرًا له في الطّينِ بالسُّقيا وهو مُحرِمٌ (^١).\n\n١٠١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال لِعَكرَمَةَ: قُمْ فقَرِّدْ هذا البَعيرَ. فقالَ: إنِّي مُحرِمٌ. فقالَ: قُمْ فانحَرْه. فنَحَرَه، فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ: كَم تُراكَ الآنَ قَتَلتَ مِن قُرادٍ ومِن حَلَمَةٍ ومِن حَمنانَةٍ (^٢). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِيُّ: يُقالَ لِلقُرادِ أصغَرَ ما يَكونُ لِلواحِدةِ: قُمقامَةٌ. فإِذا كَبِرَت فهِىَ حَمنانَةٌ، فإِذا عَظُمَت فهِىَ حَلَمَةٌ. قال: والَّذِى يُرادُ مِن هذا أن ابنَ عباسٍ لَم يَرَ بتَقريدِ المُحرِمِ البَعيرَ بأسًا، والتَّقريدُ أن يَنزعَ مِنه القِردانَ بالطِّينِ أو باليَدِ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٥٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٩٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٤٠٩) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٠٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٤٩٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد بنحوه. وذكره أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢١٩.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٢٠.","vol":"10","page":395},{"text":"قال: لا يَفدِى المُحرِمُ مِنَ الصَّيدِ إلَّا ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2245>بابُ قَتلِ القَمْلِ</span>\n\n١٠١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ قال: جَلَستُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ، فجَلَسَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ لَم أرَ رَجُلًا أطوَلَ شَعَرًا مِنه فقالَ: أحرَمتُ وعَلَيَّ هذا الشَّعَرُ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: اشتَمِل على ما دونَ الأُذُنَينِ مِنه. قال: قَبّلتُ امرأةً لَيست بامرأتِى. قال: زَنَى فوكَ. قال: رأيتُ قَملَةً فطَرَحتُها. قال: تِلكَ الضّالَّةُ لا تُبتَغَى (^٢).\n\n١٠١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جَوشَنٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِابنِ عباسٍ: أحُكُّ رأسِى وأنا مُحرِمٌ؟ قال: فأدخَلَ ابنُ عباسٍ يَدَه في شَعَرِه وهو مُحرِمٌ فحَكَّ رأسَه بها حَكًّا شَديدًا قال: أمّا أنا فأصنَعُ هَكَذا. قال: أفَرأيتَ إن قَتَلتُ قَملَةً؟ قال: بَعِدَت، ما لِلقَملَةِ؟! ما تُغنِى (^٣) مِن حَكِّ رأسِكَ وما إيّاها أرَدتَ، وما نُهيتُم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٨٨)، والمعرفة (٣٢٤١)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٩، وفى أحكام القرآن ١/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٤٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٠٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٢٦٣) من طريق ميمون به مقتصرًا على ذكر موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"تُعْنَى\". كذا ضبطت وقال في الحاشية: قلت الأظهر أنه ما تغنى بالغين المعجمة وكسر النون، والله أعلم.","vol":"10","page":396},{"text":"إلَّا عن قَتلِ الصَّيدِ (^١).\n\n١٠١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا حَسّانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضَالَةَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه: أن رَجُلًا أتاه فقالَ: إنِّي قَتَلتُ قَملَةً وأنا مُحرِمٌ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: أهوَنُ قَتيلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَستاكُ وهو صائمٌ، ويَنظُرُ في المِرآةِ وهو مُحرِمٌ، قال: وقالَ: يَحُكُّ المُحرِمُ رأسَه ما لَم يَقتُلْ دابَّةً، أو جِلدَةَ رأسِه أن يُدميَه (^٣).\n\n١٠١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِيُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحُرِّ بنِ الصَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ في القَملَةِ يَقتُلُها المُحرِمُ: يَتَصَدَّقُ بكِسرَةٍ أو قُبَضٍ مِن طَعامٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥١٦٣) من طريق عيينة بن عبد الرحمن به، وفيه: بمانعتى. بدلًا من: ما تغنى.\n(^٢) ينظر عبد الرزاق (٨٢٦٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٨٠، ١٥١٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٢١٧) من طريق نافع بالنظر في المرآة، وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٢١٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٥٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨٦١) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"10","page":397},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2246>بابُ (*) كَراهيَةِ قَتلِ النَّملَةِ لِلمُحرِمِ وغَيرِ المُحرِمِ، وكَذَلِكَ ما لا ضَرَرَ فيه مِمَّا لا يُؤكَلُ</span>\n\n١٠١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ نَملَةً قَرَصَت نَبيًّا مِنَ الأنبياءِ فأَمَرَ بقَريَةِ النَّملِ فأُحرِقَت، فأَوحَى اللَّهُ إلَيه: أفِي أن قَرَصَتكَ نَملَةٌ أهلَكتَ أُمَّةً مِنَ الأُمَمِ تُسَبِّحُ؟! \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطَّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٢). وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَزَلَ نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الأنبياءِ تَحتَ شَجَرَةٍ فلَدَغَته نَملَةٌ، فأَمَرَ بجِهازِه (^٤) فأُخرِجَ مِن تَحتِها،\n_________\n(*) من هنا يبدأ الجزء الخامس من مخطوط دار الكتب المصرية والمشار إليه بالرمز (ص ٥).\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٩٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٥)، والنسائي (٤٣٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٦١٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٩٢٢٩) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٤١/ ١٤٨)، والبخاري (٣٠١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٣١٩)، ومسلم (٢٢٤١/ ١٤٩).\n(^٤) الجهاز بفتح الجيم وكسرها: المتاع. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"10","page":398},{"text":"وأَمَرَ بها فأُحرِقَت في النّار، فأَوحَى اللهُ إلَيه: فهَلَّا نَملَةً واحِدَةً؟! \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن قَتلِ أربَعٍ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ؛ النَّملَة، والنَّحلَة، والهُدهُد، والصُّرَدِ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ أبو عبد اللَّهِ المِصرِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضل، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عُذِّبَتِ امرأَةٌ في هِرَّةٍ حَبَسَتها حَتَّى ماتَت جوعًا، فدَخَلَتِ النّارَ\". قال: فقالَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ: \"لَم تُطْعِمْها ولَم تَسقِها حينَ حَبَسَتها، ولَم تُرسِلْها\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٨٤١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٣٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٤١/ ١٥٠).\n(^٣) الصرد: طائر أكبر من العصفور، يصيد العصافير، ضخم الرأس والمنقار، له ريش عظيم نصفه أبيض ونصفه أسود، تتشاءم به العرب وتتطير بصوته وشخصه، يصيد صغار الحشرات. حياة الحيوان الكبرى ١/ ٦١٢.\nوالأثر أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٢٢)، وأحمد (٣٠٦٦)، وأبو داود (٥٢٦٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٨٤١٥)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٢٢٤). وسيأتي في (١٩٤٠١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٨٧).\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"المقرى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٥٠٢.","vol":"10","page":399},{"text":"فتأكُلَ مِن خَشاشِ (^١) الأرضِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"فدَخَلَت فيها النّارَ\". ويُقالُ لها واللهُ أعلمُ: \"لا أنتِ أطعَمتيها وسَقَيتيها حينَ حَبَستيها ولا أنتِ أرسَلتيها فتأكُلَ مِن خَشاشِ الأرضِ حَتَّى ماتَت جوعًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعنِ بنِ عيسَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالأهواز، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن ثابِتٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن عَمِّه قُطبَةَ، وعن زيادِ بنِ فياضٍ، عن أبي عياضٍ أنَّهُما قالا: كان يُكرَهُ أن يَقتُلَ الرَّجُلُ ما لا يَضُرُّه (^٤).\n\n١٠١٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بن ثابِتٍ وأبِي، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن عَمِّه قال: كان يُكرَهُ أن يَقتُلَ الرَّجُلُ ما لا يَضُرُّه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) خشاش الأرض: هوامها وقيل: نباتها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٤٩٥). وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٨٥٦) وعنه عبد بن حميد (٧٨٧ - منتخب) من طريق مالك به. وسيأتي في (١٥٩١١) عن ابن وهب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٦٥)، ومسلم ٤/ ١٧٦٠، ٢٠٢٢ (٢٢٤٢/. . .).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الآداب عقب (٤٩٥) عن زيادة بن علاقة وزياد بن فياض به.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الآداب (١٠٣٦٤) من طريق ابن أبي شيبة به.","vol":"10","page":400},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2247>جِماعُ أبوابِ الإحصارِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2248>بابُ مَن أُحْصِرَ بعَدوٍّ وهو مُحرِمٌ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَو بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَو صَدَقَةٍ أَو نُسُكٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فلَم أسمَعْ مِمَّن حَفِظتُ عنه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالتَّفسيرِ مُخالِفًا في أن هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت بالحُدَيبيَة، حينَ أُحصِرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فحالَ المُشرِكونَ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيت، وأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَحَرَ بالحُدَيبيَةِ وحَلَقَ، ورَجَعَ حَلالًا، ولَم يَصِلْ إلَى البَيتِ ولا أصحابُه إلَّا عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - وحدَه (^١).\n\n١٠١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رآه والقَمْلُ يَسقُطُ على وجهِه فقالَ له: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَه أن يَحلِقَ، قال: وهُم بالحُدَيبيَةِ لَم يَتَبَيَّنْ لَهُم أنَّهُم يَحِلّونَ بها، وهُم على طَمَعٍ مِن دُخولِ مَكَّةَ، فأنزَل اللهُ الفِديَةَ، وأمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُطعِمَ فرَقًا بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٥٨.","vol":"10","page":401},{"text":"سِتَّةِ مَساكينَ، أو صَومَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، أو نُسُكَ شاةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ورقاءَ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ خَرَجَ في الفِتنَةِ مُعتَمِرًا وقالَ: إن صُدِدتُ عن البَيتِ صَنَعنا كما صَنَعنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فخَرَجَ فأهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ وسارَ، حَتَّى إذا ظَهَرَ على البَيداءِ التَفَتَ إلَى أصحابِه فقالَ: ما أمرُهُما إلَّا واحِدٌ، أُشهِدُكُم أنِّي قَد أوجَبتُ الحَجَّ مَعَ العُمرَةِ. فخَرَج حَتَّى إذا جاءَ البَيتَ طافَ به سَبعًا، وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ سَبعًا لَم يَزِدْ عَلَيه ورأى أنَّه مُجزِئٌ عنه، وأهدَى. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ: فأهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ مِن أجلِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ. والباقِي بمَعناه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٢٦. وأخرجه البخاري (٤١٥٩) من طريق ورقاء به. وتقدم في (٧٧٩٢، ٩١٦٦، ٩٩٩١) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح. وسيأتي في (١٠٣٤٠) من طريق أيوب عن مجاهد.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨١٨)، ومسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٠١٢) عن الحاكم، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٦٠، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٢/ ٦١ مختصرًا. وتقدم في (٨٨١٨) من طريق مالك.","vol":"10","page":402},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إن صُدِدتُ عن البَيتِ صَنَعنا كما صنَعنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. يَعنِي أحلَلنا كما أحلَلنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ. رَواه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، قال الزُّهرِيُّ: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَم، يُصدِّقُ حَديثُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما صاحِبَه قالا: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في بضعَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةٍ مِن أصحابِه، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ قَلَّدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الهَدىَ وأشعَرَ وأحرَمَ بالعُمرَةِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه في نُزولِه أقصَى الحُدَيبيَة، ثُمَّ في مَجِيءِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو وما قاضاه عَلَيه حينَ صَدّوه عن البَيتِ. قال: فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن قَضيَّةِ الكِتابِ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأصحابِه: \"قوموا فانحَروا ثُمَّ احلِقوا\". قال: فواللَّهِ ما قامَ مِنهُم رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قال ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فلَمّا لَم يَقُمْ مِنهُم أحَدٌ، قامَ فدَخَلَ على أُمِّ سلمةَ فذَكَرَ لها ما لَقِيَ مِنَ الناس، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟ اخرُجْ، ثُمَّ لا تُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا مِنهُم كَلِمَةً حَتَّى تَنحَرَ بُدنَكَ، وتَدعوَ حالِقَكَ فيَحلِقَكَ. فقامَ فخَرَجَ فلَم يُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا مِنهُم حَتَّى فعَلَ ذَلِكَ؛ نَحَرَ هَديَه، ودَعا حالِقَه فحَلَقَه، فلَمّا رأوا ذَلِكَ قاموا فنَحَروا، وجَعَلَ بَعضُهُم يَحلِقُ بعضًا،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٠٦، ١٨١٣، ٤١٨٣)، ومسلم (١٢٣٠/ ١٨٠).","vol":"10","page":403},{"text":"حَتَّى كادَ بَعضُهُم يَقتُلُ بَعضًا غَضًّا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ الحِيرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، زادَ (^٣) في نُزولِه بالحُدَيبيَةِ: وكانَ مُضطَرَبُه في الحِلِّ، وكانَ يُصَلِّي في الحَرَمِ. وزادَ (^٣) في قَولِ أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، لا تَلُمْهُم فإِنَّ النّاسَ قَد دَخَلَهُم أمرٌ عَظيمٌ مِمّا رَأَوكَ حَمَلتَ على نَفسِكَ في الصُّلحِ ورَجْعَتِكَ ولَم يُفتَحْ عَلَيكَ، فاخرُجْ يا رسولَ اللَّه، فلا تُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ حَتَّى تأتِيَ هَديَكَ فتَنحَرَ وتَحِلَّ؛ فإِنَّ الناسَ إذا رأوكَ فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ فعَلوا كالَّذِي فعَلتَ. فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِها فلَم يُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا حَتَّى أتَى هَديَه فنَحَرَ وحَلَقَ، فلَمّا رأى النّاسُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد فعَلَ ذَلِكَ قاموا ففَعَلوا؛ فنَحَروا وحَلَقَ بَعضٌ وقَصَّرَ بَعضٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِلمُحَلِّقينَ\". ثَلاثًا. فقيلَ:\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٨٩٢٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٢٠) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٨٧٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٧٧٠) من طريق معمر به مقتصرا على أوله. وسيورده المصنف بالإسناد ذاته في قبل (١٨٤٧٢) وقال فيه: فذكر حديث صلح الحديبية. . .، وفي (١٨٨٤٠) بطوله. وسيأتي في (١٤٠٨٤، ١٨٣٠٧) من طرق عن عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٣١، ٢٧٣٢).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"زادا\".","vol":"10","page":404},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ والمُقَصِّرينَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهمَّ اغفِرْ لِلمُحَلِّقينَ\". ثَلاثًا. قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ولِلمُقَصِّرينَ. فقالَ: \"ولِلمُقَصِّرينَ\". ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - راجِعًا (^١).\n\n١٠١٧٠ - وعن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قيلَ له: لِمَ ظاهَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِلمُحَلِّقينَ ثَلاثًا ولِلمُقَصِّرينَ واحِدَةً؟ فقالَ: إنَّهُم لَم يَشُكّوا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2249>بابُ المُحصَرِ يَذبَحُ ويَحِلُّ حَيثُ أُحصِرَ</span>\n\n١٠١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ - بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: نَحَرنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالحُدَيبيَةِ البَدَنَةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٠، ١٥١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٠) مطولًا من طريق ابن إسحاق به دون دعائه - ﷺ - للمحلقين. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٤٢، ١٨٨٤٧، ١٨٨٦٤، ١٨٨٩١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥١. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٠٤٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٣/ ٣٩٢ من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وأحمد (٣٣١١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وعند أحمد وابن ماجه مرفوعًا. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٤٧٠).","vol":"10","page":405},{"text":"عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (^٣) ابنُ تَوبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بَدْرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ محمدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عبد اللهِ وسالِمَ بنَ عبد اللهِ كَلَّما عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ لَيالِيَ نَزَلَ الحَجّاجُ بابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فقالا: لا يَضُرُّكَ أن لا تَحُجَّ العامَ، إنا نَخافُ أن يُحالَ بَينَكَ وبَينَ البَيتِ. فقالَ: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُعتَمِرينَ فحالَ كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ دونَ البَيت، فنَحَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤) هَديَه وحَلَقَ رأسَه ثُمَّ رَجَعَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحيمِ عن أبي بَدرٍ (^٦).\n\n١٠١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ ابنُ أخِي جوَيريَةَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ (^٧) بنَ عبد اللَّهِ وسالِمَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٤٦)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢١٧، ومالك ٢/ ٤٨٦. وتقدم في (٩٨٧٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٠).\n(^٣) كتب عليه في الأصل: \"صح\". وكتب في الحاشية: اسمه سَلْمان.\n(^٤) إلى هنا ينتهى الخرم في المخطوط \"س\" المشار إليه عقب (١٠٠٣٥).\n(^٥) لم نجده من هذا الطريق، وتقدم في (٨٨١٨، ٨٨٥٢، ٩٤٩٩، ١٠١٦٧) من طرق عن نافع بنحوه.\n(^٦) البخاري (١٨١٢).\n(^٧) كذا في النسخ، وفي مصدر التخريج: \"عبد الله\" كما في الأثر السابق.","vol":"10","page":406},{"text":"عبد اللهِ أخبَراه أنَّهُما كَلَّما عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ لَيالِيَ نَزَلَ الجَيشُ بابنِ الزُّبَيرِ قَبلَ أن يُقتَلَ، قالا: لا يَضُرُّكَ ألا تَحُجَّ العامَ، إنّا نَخافُ أن يُحالَ بَينَكَ وبينَ البَيتِ. قال: قَد خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فحالَ كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ دونَ البَيت، فنَحَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - هَديَه وحَلَقَ رأسَه، وأُشهِدُكُم أنِّي قَد أوجَبتُ عُمرَةً إن شاءَ اللهُ، أنطَلِقُ، فإِن خُلِّيَ بَينِي وبَينَ البَيتِ طُفتُ، وإِن حيلَ بَينِي وبَينَه فعَلتُ كما فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا مَعَه. فأهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ بذِي الحُلَيفَة، ثُمَّ سارَ ساعَةً فقالَ: إنَّما شأنُهُما واحِدٌ، أُشهِدُكُم أنِّي قَد أوجَبتُ حَجَّةً مَعَ عُمرَتِي. فلَم يَحِلَّ مِنهُما حَتَّى حَلَّ يَومَ النَّحرِ وأهدَى، وكانَ يقولُ: مَن جَمَعَ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ وأهلَّ بهِما جَميعًا فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ مِنهُما جَميعًا يَومَ النَّحر، ويَطوفَ عَنهُما جَميعًا طَوافًا واحِدًا وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ يَومَ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٢).\nوقَولُه: يَومَ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ. يَرجِعُ إلَى الصَّفا والمَروَة، يَعنِي - واللهُ أعلمُ - يُجزيه طَوافٌ واحِدٌ بَينَهُما يَومَ يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ بعدَ طَوافِ القُدومِ عَنهُما جَميعًا، ثُمَّ لا يَحِلُّ التَّحَلُّلَ الثّانِيَ إلَّا بالطَّوافِ بالبَيتِ يَومَ النَّحر، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. ورَواه البخاريّ أيضًا عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جوَيريَةَ عن نافِعٍ، أن بَعضَ بَنِي عبد اللَّهِ قال: لَو أقَمتَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٥٩) من طريق جويرية به، دون قوله: وكان يقول: من جمع ....\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٠٧)، وفيه: \"عبيد الله\".\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٠٨).","vol":"10","page":407},{"text":"وإنَّما أردَفَه بذَلِكَ لأنَّ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ أخِي جوَيريَةَ: أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ وسالِمًا أخبَراه أنَّهُما كَلَّما. وفِي سائرِ الرِّواياتِ عن نافِع: أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ وسالمًا كَلَّما. وعَبدُ اللهِ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٠١٧٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ يَعنِي محمدَ بنَ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سَعدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عبد الحَميدِ العَوفِيَّ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ مُعتَمِرًا فحالَ كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيت، فنَحَرَ هَديَه وحَلَقَ رأسَه بالحُدَيبيَة، وقاضاهُم على أن يَعتَمِرَ العامَ المُقبِلَ، ولا يَحمِلَ عَلَيهِم بسِلاحٍ، ولا يُقيمَ بها إلَّا ما أحَبّوا. فاعتَمَرَ مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ كما كان صالَحَهُم، فلَمّا أقامَ بها ثَلاثًا أمَروه أن يَخرُجَ، فخَرَجَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى أحمدُ بن علي، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بن النُّعمان، عن فُلَيحٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: ولا يَحمِلَ سِلاحًا عَلَيهِم إلَّا سُيوفًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن سُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٦٧)، والبخارى (٤٢٥٢)، والبزار في مسنده (٥٨٨٤) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٦٧) من طريق سريج به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٠١، ٤٢٥٢).","vol":"10","page":408},{"text":"الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى يَعنِي ابنَ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال ابنُ عباسٍ. قَد أُحصِرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فحَلَقَ وجامَعَ نِساءَه ونَحَرَ هَديَه حَتَّى اعتَمَرَ عامًا قابِلًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ الوُحاظِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ وأبو أحمدَ بن إسحاقَ واللَّفظُ لأبِي أحمدَ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ قَولُه: ﴿لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكَ وَيَهْدِيَكَ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا﴾ [الفتح: ٢]. قال: حدثنا أنَسُ بن مالكٍ أنَّها أُنزِلَت على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرجِعَه مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وأصحابُه مُخالِطو الحُزنِ والكآبَة، قَد حيلَ بَينَهُم وبَينَ مَناسِكِهِم، ونَحَروا الهَدىَ بالحُدَيبيَة، فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَقَد أُنزِلَت على آيَةٌ هِيَ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا جَميعًا\". فقَرأها على أصحابِه فقالوا: هنِيًّا مريًّا نَبِيَّ الله، قَد بَيَّنَ اللهُ ماذا يَفعَلُ بكَ، فماذا يَفعَلُ بنا؟ فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ في ذَلِكَ: ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ﴾ (^٣) [الفتح: ٥]. رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٣٧) من طريق أبي حاتم به. وفيه: وحل مع نسائه. وعزاه في فتح الباري ٤/ ٧ لابن السكن في الصحابة - من طريق يحيى بن صالح به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٠٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٧٤)، والترمذي (٣٢٦٣) من طرق عن قتادة =","vol":"10","page":409},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يونُسَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ وعَلِيُّ بن عبد العَزيزِ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن بشرِ بنِ سَلمٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بن عبد المَلِك، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لما رَجَعنا مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وأصحابُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - قَد خالَطوا الحُزنَ والكآبَةَ حَيثُ ذَبَحوا هَديَهُم في أمكِنَتِهِم، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُنزِلَت عليّ آيَةٌ هِيَ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا جَميعًا\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن عُمرَ بنِ ذَرٍّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّها في ذِي القَعدَةِ مِنها العُمرَةُ التي صُدَّ فيها الهَديُ، فراسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهلَ مَكَّةَ فصالَحوه (^٣) على أن يَرجِعَ عَنهُم في عامِه (^٤) ذَلِكَ، قال: فِنَحر رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الهَدىَ بالحُدَيبيَةِ حَيثُ حَلَّ عِندَ الشَّجَرَةِ وانصَرَف (^٥).\n_________\n= به. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٤٤) من طرق أخرى عن قتادة. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٤٤).\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٨٦/. . .).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"صالحوا\".\n(^٤) في س: \"عامهم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٦ من طريق أبي العباس مقتصرًا على أوله. وابن جرير في =","vol":"10","page":410},{"text":"١٠١٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: كان مَنزِلُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالحُدَيبيَةِ في الحَرَّةِ وفيها نَحَرَ الهَدْيَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما ذَهَبنا إلَى أنَّه نَحَرَ في الحِلِّ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْهَدْيَ مَعْكُوفًا أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٥]. والحَرَمُ كُلُّه مَحِلُّه عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: والحُدَيبيَةُ مَوضِعٌ مِنَ الأرضِ مِنه ما هو في الحِلِّ ومِنه ما هو في الحَرَم، فإِنَّما نَحَرَ الهَدىَ عِندَنا في الحِلّ، وفيه مَسجِدُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الَّذِي بويعَ فيه تَحتَ الشَّجَرَة، فأنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ﴾ [الفتح: ١٨].\nوقالَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]. مَحِلُّه واللَّهُ أعلمُ ههنا يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ إذا أُحصِرَ نَحَرَ حَيثُ أُحصِرَ، ومَحِلُّه في غَيرِ الإحصارِ الحَرَمُ والنَّحرُ (^٣)، وهو كَلامٌ عَرَبِيٌّ واسِعٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِيَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما يَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n= تفسيره ٢١/ ٢٩٥، ٢٩٦ من طريق عمر بن ذر به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٨٥٣) من طريق أبي عميس به. وفيه: الحرم. بدلًا من: الحرة.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) في م: \"المنحر\". وليست في الأم.\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ١٥٩.\n(^٥) سيأتي عقب (١٠١٨١).","vol":"10","page":411},{"text":"١٠١٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ خالِدٍ المَخزومِيّ، عن أبي أسماءَ مَولَى عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّه كان مَعَ عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ فخَرَجَ مَعَه مِنَ المَدينَة، فمَرّوا على حُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ - ﵁ - وهو مَريضٌ بالسُّقيا، فأقامَ عَلَيه عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ حَتَّى إذا خافَ الفَواتَ خَرَجَ وبَعَثَ إلَى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وأسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ - ﵂ - وهُما بالمَدينَة، فقَدِما عَلَيه، ثُمَّ إنّ حُسَينًا أشارَ إلَى رأسِه، فأمَرَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ برأسِه فحُلِقَ، ثُمَّ نَسَكَ عنه بالسُّقيا فنَحَرَ عنه بَعيرًا. قال يَحيَى: وكانَ حُسَينٌ خَرَجَ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - في سَفَرِه ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2250>بابٌ: لا قَضاءَ على المُحصَرِ إلَّا ألا يَكونَ حَجَّ حَجَّةَ الإِسلامِ فيَحُجَّها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: مِن قِبَلِ قَولِ اللهِ ﵎: ﴿فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾. ولَم يَذكُرْ قَضاءً، قال: والَّذِي أعقِلُ في أخبارِ أهلِ المَغازِي شَبيهٌ بما ذَكَرتُ مِن ظاهِرِ الآيَةِ؛ وذَلِكَ أنّا قَد عَلِمنا في مُتَواطِئِ أحاديثِهِم أن قَد كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ رِجالٌ مَعروفونَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٨٨، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٤٣. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٥٩) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٠٢ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"10","page":412},{"text":"بأسمائهِم، ثُمَّ اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عُمرَةَ القَضيَّة، وتَخَلَّفَ بَعضُهُم بالمَدينَةِ مِن غَيرِ ضَرورَةٍ، ولَو لَزِمَهُمُ القَضاءُ لأمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إن شاءَ اللهُ بألَّا يَتَخَلَّفوا عَنه (^١). قال البخاريُّ في كِتابِه: وقالَ رَوحٌ: عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّما البَدَلُ على مَن نَقَضَ حَجَّه بالتَّلَذُّذ، فأمّا مَن حَبَسَه عُذرٌ أو غَيرُ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّه يَحِلُّ ولا يَرجِعُ، وإِن كان مَعَه هَديٌ وهو مُحصَرٌ نَحَرَه إن كان لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَبعَثَ به، وإِنِ استَطاعَ أن يَبعَثَ به لَم يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الهَديُ مَحِلَّه (^٢).\n\n١٠١٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَلَّ هو وأصحابُه بالحُدَيبيَةِ؛ فنَحَروا الهَدىَ، وحَلَقوا رُءوسَهُم، وحَلّوا مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ قَبلَ أن يَطَّوَّفوا بالبَيتِ وقَبلَ أن يَصِلَ إلَيه الهَديُ، ثُمَّ لَم نَعلَمْ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِه ولا مِمَّن كان مَعَه أن يَقضوا شَيئًا ولا أن يَعودوا لِشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن الجَهْم، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن الفَرَج، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (١٨١٢).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٦٠. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٤٦.","vol":"10","page":413},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بن نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَم تَكُنْ هذه العُمرَةُ قَضاءً، ولَكِن كان شَرطًا على المُسلِمينَ أن يَعتَمِروا قابِلَ في الشَّهرِ الَّذِي صَدَّهُمُ المُشرِكونَ فيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2251>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ الإحلالَ بالإِحصارِ بالمَرَضِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فمَن حالَ بَينَه وبَينَ البَيتِ مَرضٌ حابِسٌ فلَيسَ بداخِلٍ في مَعنَى الآيَةِ؛ لأنَّ الآيَةَ نَزَلَت في الحائلِ مِنَ العَدوّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٢).\n\n١٠١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. وعن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لا حَصرَ إلَّا حَصرُ العَدوِّ. وزادَ أحَدُهُما: ذَهَبَ الحَصرُ الآنَ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣١٨. وذكره ابن جرير في تاريخه ٣/ ٢٥ عن الواقدي معلقًا.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في أحكام القرآن ص ١٣٠ بإسناده عن الشافعي. وينظر الأم ٢/ ١٦٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٤١)، والمعرفة (٣٢٥١)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢١٩ ولم يسم فيه عمرو بن دينار، وفي مسنده ١/ ٥٩٤ (٨٣ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٤٦، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٦٨) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧١٧) من طريق ابن طاوس به.","vol":"10","page":414},{"text":"محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أبيه قال: مَن حُبِسَ دونَ البَيتِ بمَرَضٍ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^١).\n\n١٠١٨٦ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن أبيه أنَّه قال: المُحصَرُ لا يَحِلُّ حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَة، فإِنِ اضطُرَّ إلَى شَئٍ مِن لُبسِ الثّيابِ التي لا بُدَّ له مِنها صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ وافتَدَى (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ في كِتابِ المَناسِكِ: هو المُحصَرُ بالمَرَضِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ كان قَديمًا أنَّه قال: خَرَجتُ إلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ بالطَريقِ كُسِرَت فخَذِي، فأرسَلتُ إلَى مَكَّةَ وبِها عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عباسٍ وعَبدُ الله بن عُمَرَ والنّاسُ، فلَم يُرَخِّصْ لِي أحَدٌ في أن أحِلَّ، فأقَمتُ على ذَلِكَ الماءِ سَبعَةَ أشهُرٍ ثُمَّ حَلَلتُ بعُمرَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٤٢)، وفي المعرفة (٣٢٥٢)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٦٣، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٦١، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٥٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٦٣، ١٦٤، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٦١ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٧٢، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٥١.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٦١ - ومن طريقه=","vol":"10","page":415},{"text":"١٠١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمان، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي العَلاءِ قال: خَرَجتُ مُعتَمِرًا حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ بالدَّثَنِيَّةِ (^١) وقَعتُ عن راحِلَتِي فكُسِرْتُ، فبَعَثتُ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ، فسُئلا فقالا: لَيسَ له وقتٌ كَوَقتِ الحَجِّ، يَكونُ على إحرامِه حَتَّى يَصِلَ إلَى البَيتِ. قال: فتَنَقَّلتُ تِلكَ المياهَ سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ أو سَبعَةَ أشهُرٍ حَتَّى وصَلتُ إلَى البَيتِ (^٢). هو أبو العَلاءِ يَزيدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ مِن ثِقاتِ البَصريّينَ.\n\n١٠١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ ومَرْوانَ وابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أفتَوُا ابنَ حُزابَةَ (^٣)\n_________\n= الشافعي ٢/ ١٦٤، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٧٤.\n(^١) في م: \"الدثينة\". والدثنية: منزل لبنى سليم على طريق حاج البصرة. وذكرت أيضا بتقديم الياء على النون وضبطت كجهينة وسفينة. ينظر معجم ما استعجم ٢/ ٥٤٣، ومعجم البلدان ٢/ ٥٥٠، والتاج ٣٤/ ٥٠٥ (د ث ن).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٣، ٨٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٢٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٧٣، ٣٧٤ من طريق أيوب به، وفيه: الدثينة.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: قلت هو معبد بن حُزابة بن معبد المخزومي.","vol":"10","page":416},{"text":"المَخزومِيَّ، وإِنَّه صُرعَ ببَعضِ طَريقِ مَكَّةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، أن يَتَداوَى بما لا بُدَّ مِنه ويَفتَدِيَ، فإِذا صَحَّ اعتَمَرَ فحَلَّ مِن إحرامِه، وكانَ عَلَيه أن يَحُجَّ عامًا قابِلًا ويهدِيَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها قالَت: ما نَعلَمُ حَرامًا يُحِلُّه إلَّا الطَّوافُ بالبَيتِ (^٢).\nوما نَذكُرُه إن شاءَ اللهُ في مَسألَةِ الاستِثناءِ في الحَجِّ دَليلٌ في هذه. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2252>بابُ مَن رأى الإحلالَ بالإحصارِ بالمَرَضِ</span>\n\n١٠١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ الصَّوّافُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٤٥)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٦٤، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ١/ ٣٦٢ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٦١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٢٢٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (١٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٥٧)، والنسائي (٢٧٩٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٦٢٠) دون قوله: ولا نعلم.","vol":"10","page":417},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ عارِمٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارثِ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الحَجّاجُ بن أبي عثمانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، أن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِي الحَجّاجُ بن عمرٍو الأنصارِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن كُسِرَ أو عَرَجَ فقَد حَلَّ وعَلَيه أُخرَى\". قال: فحَدَّثتُ ابنَ عباسٍ وأبا هريرةَ فقالا: صَدَقَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد الوارِث، وفِي رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ: عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ عمرٍو الأنصارِيِّ. وقالَ: \"فقَد حَلَّ وعَلَيه حَجّةٌ أُخرَى\". والباقِي بمَعناه (^١).\nوهَكَذا رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ وأبو عاصِمٍ وغَيرُهُما عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أبي عثمانَ الصَّوّافِ عن يَحيَى، ذَكَروا فيه سَماعَ عِكرِمَةَ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ عمرٍو الأنصارِيِّ (^٢).\nوقَد خالَفَه مَعمَرٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، فأدخَلَ بَينَهُما رَجُلًا:\n\n١٠١٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٢، ٤٨٣ وقال: صحيح على شرط البخاري. وأخرجه الترمذي (٩٤٠) من طريق روح به. وأحمد (١٥٧٣١)، والنسائي (٢٨٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٧) من طريق الحجاج الصواف به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٣١)، وأبو داود (١٨٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٧) من طريق يحيى القطان به.","vol":"10","page":418},{"text":"ابنِ رافِعٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ قال: سألتُ الحَجّاجَ بنَ عمرٍو الأنصارِيَّ عن حَبسِ المُسلِم، فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كُسِرَ أو عَرَجَ فقَد حَلَّ، وعَلَيه الحَجُّ مِن قابِل\". قال عِكرِمَةُ: فحَدَّثتُ ابنَ عباسٍ وأبا هريرةَ فقالا: صَدَقَ الحَجّاجُ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (^٢). ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ.\nقال عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ: الحَجّاجُ الصَّوّافُ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ أثبتُ.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ البَراء، عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد حَمَلَه بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ إن صَحَّ على أنَّه يَحِلُّ بعدَ فواتِه بما يَحِلُّ به مَن يَفوتُه الحَجُّ بغَيرِ مَرضٍ؛ فقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ ثابِتًا عنه أنَّه قال: لا حَصرَ إلَّا حَصرُ عَدوٍّ (^٤). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠١٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٣. وأخرجه الطبراني (٣٢١٣) من طريق عبد الله بن أحمد به. وأبو داود (١٨٦٣)، والترمذي عقب (٩٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٨) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الترمذي: سمعت محمدًا يقول: رواية معمر ومعاوية بن سلام أصح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٤٩، وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ١/ ١٩٥ من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٣) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٦٧.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠١٨٤).","vol":"10","page":419},{"text":"الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، عن أبانَ بنِ تَغلِبَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَد، عن أبيه، عن عبد اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - في الَّذِي لُدِغَ وهو مُحرِمٌ بالعُمرَةِ فأُحصِرَ، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ابعَثوا بالهَدي، واجعَلوا بَينَكُم وبَينَه يَومَ أمارٍ، فإِذا ذُبِحَ الهَديُ بمَكَّةَ حَلَّ هَذا (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الكِسائيُّ: الأمارُ العَلامَةُ التي يُعرَفُ بها الشَّئُ، يقولُ: اجعَلوا بَينَكُم يَومًا تَعرِفونَه لِكَيلا تَختَلِفوا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2253>بابُ الاستِثناءِ في الحَجِّ</span>\n\n١٠١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ احمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ: \"أمَا تُريدينَ الحَجَّ؟ \". فقالَت: إنِّي شاكيَةٌ. فقالَ لها: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\".\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في كِتابِ المناسِكِ: لَو ثَبَتَ حَديثُ عُروةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الاستِثناءِ لَم أعدُه إلَى غَيرِه؛ لأنَّه لا يَحِلُّ عِندِي خِلافُ ما ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٦٥، ٣٦٦ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الأسود به. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٢٥٩) معلقًا عن الأسود بنحوه.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٦٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٦١)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٨.","vol":"10","page":420},{"text":"قال الشيخ: قَد ثَبَتَ هذا الحَديثُ مِن أوجُهٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -.\nأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن هِشامٍ فقَد رُوِيَ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٠١٩٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بن العَلاء، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بضُباعَةَ وهِيَ شاكيَةٌ فقالَ: \"أتُريدينَ الحَجَّ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فحُجِّي واشتَرِطِي وقولِي: اللَّهُمَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\" (^١).\nوصَلَه عبدُ الجَبّارِ وهو ثِقَةٌ، عن سُفيانَ، وأرسَلَه غَيرُه. وقَد وصَلَه أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بن أُسامَةَ ومَعمَرُ بن راشِدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، ومَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ.\n\n١٠١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ لها: \"أرَدتِ الحَجَّ؟ \". قالَت: واللَّهِ ما أجِدُنِي إلَّا وجِعَةً. فَقالَ لها: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي وقولِي: اللَّهُمَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\" (^٢). وكانَت تَحتَ المِقدادِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢١٩. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٢) عن عبد الجبار بن العلاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٢) عن أبي غريب به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٥٩) عن أبي أسامة به. وسيأتي في (١٣٨٩٧).","vol":"10","page":421},{"text":"إسماعيلَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عبد المُطلِبِ فقالَت: إنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ، وأنا شاكيَةٌ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\".\n\n١٠١٩٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ مِثلَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٠١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الأزرَقِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَير، أنَّه سَمِعَ طاوُسًا وعِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ يُخبِران، عن ابنِ عباس قال: جاءَت ضُباعَةُ بنتُ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي امرأةٌ ثَقيلَةٌ، وأُريدُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢٠٧/ ١٠٤)، والبخاري (٥٠٨٩).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٥٣٠٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٧٦٧) من طريق عبد الرزاق بالإسنادين جميعًا. وابن حبان (٣٧٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به، ومن طريق الزهري وحده.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٧/ ١٠٥،. . .).","vol":"10","page":422},{"text":"الحَجَّ، فكَيفَ تأمُرُنِي أُهِلُّ؟ قال: \"أهِلِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\" (^١).\n\n١٠٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ البُرْسانِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَير، أنَّه سَمِعَ طاوُسًا وعِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ يُخبِران، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ ضُباعَةَ أتَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنِّي امرأةٌ ثَقيلَةٌ، وإِنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ فما تأمُرُنِي؟ قال: \"أهِلِّي بالحَجِّ واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ تَحبِسُنِي (^٢) فأدْركْتُه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ عبد الوَهّابِ بنِ عبد - المَجيدِ وأبِي عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٠١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وعِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ ضُباعَةَ بنتَ الزُّبَيرِ أن تَشتَرِطَ في الحَجّ، ففَعَلَت ذاك عن أمرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ عن أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١٣٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حبستنى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣١١٧) عن محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٠٨/ ١٠٦).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٧٥٣، ٢٨٠٨)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٧٦٤).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٢٠٨/ ١٠٧).","vol":"10","page":423},{"text":"١٠٢٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ الرِّياحِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن حُسَينٍ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ على ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ وهِي تُريدُ الحَجَّ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اشتَرِطِي عِندَ إحرامِكِ: مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَتِي. فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَكِ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٢٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، حدثنا هِلالُ بن خَبّابٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قالَت ضُباعَةُ بنتُ الزُّبَيرِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ أفأشتَرِطُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، فاشتَرِطِي\". قالَت: فما أقولُ؟ قال: \"قولِي: لَبَّيكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيكَ، مَحِلِّي مِنَ الأرضِ حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عَبّادٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ الصَّوّاف، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن عَبّادِ بنِ العَوّامِ بالإسنادِ الأوَّلِ دونَ الثّانِي (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٠٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٣٠) وأبو داود (١٧٧٦)، والترمذي (٩٤١) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. والنسائي (٢٧٦٥) من طريق هلال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٣٣٣ (٨٢٩) من طريق يحيى الحماني به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧٧٦).","vol":"10","page":424},{"text":"١٠٢٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَريرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنيعٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المَرْوَرُّوذِيُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباس، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِضباعَةَ: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\". قالَ أبو عمرٍو: حَدَّثَناه أبو العباسِ السَّرّاجُ عن أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ وإِبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا رَباحُ بن أبي مَعروفٍ المَكِّيُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ ضُباعَةَ: \"أن حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ تَحبِسُنِي (^٢) \" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بن عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥٢/ ١٨٩ من طريق ابن جرير وأبي العباس السراج (محمد بن إسحاق) به.\n(^٢) في س: \"حبستني\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٩٠٥) من طريق أبي عامر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٠٨/ ١٠٨).","vol":"10","page":425},{"text":"لِضُباعَةَ: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\". كَذا قال (^١): عن جابِرٍ.\n\n١٠٢٠٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، [حدثنا مسلمٌ] (^٢)، حدثنا هِشام، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي أنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن كَثيرٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويل، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ نُبيطٍ امرأةِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَير، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لها: \"حُجِّي واشتَرِطِي\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ العَطّارُ الحِيريُّ (^٥) وكَتَبَه لِي بخَطِّه، حدثنا الإمامُ أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عِصامُ بن رَوّادِ بنِ الجَرّاح،\n_________\n(^١) في س: (روى)، وفي ص ٥، م: \"قاله\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ٣٣٥ (٨٣٦)، وفي الأوسط (٢٥٤٧) من طريق أبي مسلم عن حجاج بن نصير عن هشام به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٢١٨: وفيه حجاج بن نصير، وثقه ابن حبان وقال: يهم، وفيه كلام.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٧٨٧) من طريق يوسف القاضي به. وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٣١٥٦)، والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٣٧، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٦٨٥٣) من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الجيزى\". وتقدم في (٨٣٥٠).","vol":"10","page":426},{"text":"حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِث، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنِّي أُريدُ الحَجَّ، فكَيفَ أُهِلُّ بالحَجِّ؟ قال: \"قَولِي: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أُهِلُّ بالحَجِّ إنْ أذِنتَ لِي به، وأَعَنتَتِي عَلَيه، ويَسَّرتَه لِي، وإن حَبَستَنِي فعُمْرَةٌ، وإن حَبَستَنِي عَنهُما جَميعًا، فمَحِلِّي حَيثُ حَبَستَنِي\".\n\n١٠٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن ابنِ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الأعلَى، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: قال لي عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ، حُجَّ واشتَرِطْ؛ فإِنَّ لَكَ ما اشتَرَطتَ، ولِلَّه عَلَيكَ ما اشتَرَطتَ (^١).\n\n١٠٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَميرَةَ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: حُجَّ واشتَرِطْ، وقُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ الحَجَّ أرَدتُ، ولَه عَمَدتُ، فإِنْ تَيَسَّرَ وإِلَّا فعُمرَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا سُرَيج، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٦٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٩٥١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"10","page":427},{"text":"عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها كانَت تَقولُ: استَثْنوا في الحَجِّ: اللَّهُمَّ الحَجَّ أرَدتُ، ولَه عَمَدتُ، فإِنْ تَمَّمْتَه فهو حَجٌّ، وإِلا فهِيَ عُمرَةٌ. وكانَت تَستَثنِي وتأمُرُ مَن مَعَها أنْ يَستَثنوا.\n\n١٠٢١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: قالَت لِي عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: هَل تَستَثنِي إذا حَجَجْتَ؟ فقُلتُ لها: ماذا أقولُ؟ فقالَت: قُلِ: اللَّهُمَّ الحَجَّ أرَدتُ، ولَه عَمَدتُ، فإِن يَسَّرتَه فهو الحَجُّ، وإِنْ حَبَسَنِي حابِسٌ فهو عُمرَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٠٢١٥ - ورُوِّينا عن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سَلَمَةَ قال: كانَت أُمُّ سلَمةَ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تأمُرُنا إذا حَجَجْنا بالاشتِراطِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ بن يَعيشَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2254>بابُ مَن أنكَرَ الاشتِرَاطَ في الحَجِّ</span>\n\n١٠٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٦٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ١٥٨، ٧/ ١٩٠.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٧٦.","vol":"10","page":428},{"text":"عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ قال: كَان عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يُنكِرُ الاشتِراطَ في الحَجِّ ويَقولُ: ألَيسَ حَسبُكُم سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ إنْ حُبِسَ أحَدُكُم عن الحَجِّ طافَ بالبَيتِ وبِالصَّفا والمَروَة، ثُمَّ حَلَّ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ حَتَّى حَجَّ عامًا قابِلًا، ويُهدِي أو يَصومُ إنْ لَم يَجِدْ (^١). قال يونُسُ: قال رَبيعَةُ: لا نَعلَمُ (^٢) شَرطًا يَجوزُ في إحرامٍ.\n\n١٠٢١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يُنكِرُ الاشتِراطَ في الحَجِّ ويَقولُ: ألَيسَ حَسبُكُم سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣)؟.\n\n١٠٢١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنيعٍ، والحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، وعَلِيُّ بن مُسلِمٍ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ بالإسنادينِ جَميعًا، هَكَذا مُختَصَرًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٧٦٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٩١٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"أعلم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (١٩٩٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٩٤٢) عن أحمد بن منيع به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٣٤ من طريق الحسن بن عرفة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٨١٠).","vol":"10","page":429},{"text":"١٠٢١٩ - ورَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ وزادَ فيه: وإِنْ حَبَسَ أحَدًا مِنكُم حابِسٌ، فإِذا وصَلَ إلَيه طافَ به وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَة، ثُمَّ يَحلِقُ أو يُقَصِّرُ وعَلَيه الحَجُّ مِن قابِلٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ زَنجُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوعِندِي أنَّ أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، لَو بَلَغَه حَديثُ ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَير، لَصارَ إلَيه ولَم يُنكِرِ الاشتِراطَ كما لَم يُنكِرْه أبوه، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2255>بابُ حَصرِ المَرأةِ تُحرِمُ بغَيرِ إذنِ زَوجِها</span>\n\n١٠٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الأزرَقِيُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بن إبراهيمَ في امرأةٍ لها مالٌ تَستأذِنُ زَوجَها في الحَجِّ فلا يأذَنُ لها، قال: قال إبراهيمُ الصّائغُ: قال نافِعٌ: قال عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ: عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَ لَها أنْ تَنطَلِقَ إلَّا بإِذنِ زَوجِها، ولا يَحِلُّ لِلمَرأَةِ (^٢) أنْ تُسافِرَ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ إلَّا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَمٍ تَحرُمُ عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٨١)، والنسائي (٢٧٦٩) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) في س: \"لها\".\n(^٣) فوائد أبي محمد الفاكهى (٨٧). وأخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٨٢ من طريق حسان بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"10","page":430},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا محمدُ بن أبي يَعقوبَ عن حَسّانَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2256>بابُ مَن قال: لَيسَ له مَنعُها المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ لِفَريضَةِ الحَجِّ</span>\n\n١٠٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بن أيّوبَ، قال أبو المُثَنَّى: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استأذَنَت أحَدَكُمُ امرأتُه إلَى المَسجِدِ فلا يَمنَعْها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَمنَعُوا إماءَ اللهِ مَساجِدَ اللَّهِ\" (^٤) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٢٤٧)، والدارقطني ٢/ ٢٢٣، من طريق محمد بن أبي يعقوب به. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ٢/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٦١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٦) من طريق معمر به. وتقدم في (٥٤٣٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٧٣)، ومسلم (٤٤٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج على صحيح مسلم (٩٨٢) من طريق ابن نمير به. وتقدم في (٥٤٣٦).","vol":"10","page":431},{"text":"عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2257>بابُ المَرأةِ يَلزَمُها الحَجُّ بوُجودِ السَّبيلِ إلَيه، وكانَت مَعَ ثِقَةٍ مِنَ النِّساءِ في طَريقٍ مأهولَةٍ آمِنَةٍ</span>\nلِقَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٧].\nورُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّ السَّبيلَ الزّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ.\n\n١٠٢٢٣ - وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بن عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ المَخزومِيّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، سَمِعَه مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: ﴿مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾. قال: \"الزّادُ والرّاحِلَةُ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ صَحيحَةٍ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وفيه قوَّةٌ لهَذا المُسنَدِ.\n\n١٠٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بن مَخلَدٍ أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٤٤٢/ ١٣٦)، والبخارى (٩٠٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٦٩٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٦٩٨).","vol":"10","page":432},{"text":"مُجاهِدٍ الطّائيُّ، حدثنا مُحِلُّ بن خَليفَةَ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجاءَه رَجُلانِ؛ أحَدُهُما يَشكو العَيلَةَ والآخَرُ يَشكو قَطعَ السَّبيلِ. قال: فقالَ: \"لا يأتِي عَلَيكَ إلَّا قَليلٌ حَتَّى تَخرُجَ المَرأَةُ مِنَ الحيرَةِ (^١) إلَى مَكَّةَ بغَيرِ خَفيرٍ، ولا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَطوفَ أحَدُكُم بصَدَقَتِه فلا يَجِدُ مَن يَقبَلُها، ثُمَّ لَيَفيضُ المالُ، ثُمَّ لَيقِفَنَّ أحَدُكُم بَينَ يَدَيِ اللهِ لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَه حِجابٌ يَحجُبُه ولا تَرجُمانٌ فيُتَرجِمَ له فيقولُ: ألَم أُوتِكَ مالًا؟ فيقولُ: بَلَى. فيقولُ: ألَم أُرسِلْ إلَيكَ رسولًا؟ فيَقولُ: بَلَى. فينظُرُ عن يَمينِه فلا يَرَى إلَّا النّارَ، ويَنظُرُ عن يَسارِه فلا يَرَى إلَّا النّارَ، فليتَّقِ أحَدُكُم النّارَ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَةٍ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ (^٢) فبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بن شُمَيلٍ قال. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي القاسِمُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ زاجٌ (^٥) قال: حدثنا النَّضرُ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، أخبرَنا سَعدٌ الطّائيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) الحيرة: مدينة كانت على شاطئ الفرات الغربي، كانت عاصمة ملوك لخم المشهورين بالمناذرة، وقد احتلت اليوم مدينة النجف موقع الحيرة على أميال من آثار الكوفة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٠٧، ١٠٨.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٥، م: \"يجدها\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٧٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٣٧٤) من طريق سعدان بن بشر به. وأحمد (١٨٢٥٤)، والنسائي (٢٥٥١) من طريق محل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤١٣).\n(^٥) ليس في: م. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٤٩١.","vol":"10","page":433},{"text":"حدثنا مُحِلُّ بن خَليفَة عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ - ﵁ - قال: بَينا أنا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأتاه رَجُلٌ فشَكا إلَيه الفاقَةَ. وأتاه آخَرُ فشَكا قَطعَ السَّبيل، قال: \"يا عَدِيُّ بنَ حاتِمٍ، هَل رأَيتَ الحيرَةَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لَم أرَها وقَد أُنبِئتُ عَنها. قال: \"فإِنْ طالَت بكَ حَياةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الظَّعينَةَ تَرتَحِلُ مِنَ الحيرَةِ حَتَّى تَطوفَ بالكَعبَةِ لا تَخافُ أحَدًا إلَّا اللهَ\". قُلتُ فيما بَينِي وبَينَ نَفسِي: فأينَ دُعّارُ طَيِّئْ (^١) الَّذينَ قَد سَعَّروا البِلادَ؟ \"ولَئن طالَت بكَ حَياةٌ لَتُفتَحَنَّ كُنوزُ كِسرَى\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ؟ قال: \"كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ. ولَئن طالَت بكَ حَياةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُخرِجُ مِلءَ كَفَّيه مِن ذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ يَطلُبُ مَن يَقبَلُه مِنه فلا يَجِدُ أحَدًا يَقبَلُه مِنه، ولَيَلقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ أحَدُكُم يَومَ يَلْقاه لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَه تَرجُمانٌ يُتَرجِمُ له فيقولُ: ألَم أبعَثْ إلَيكَ رسولًا فبَلَّغك (^٢)؟ فيقولُ: بَلَى. فينظُرُ عن يَمينِه فلا يَرَى إلَّا جَهَنَّمَ، ويَنظُرُ عن شِمالِه فلا يَرَى إلَّا جَهَنَّمَ\". قال عَدِيٌّ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اتَّقوا النّارَ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَه فمن (^٣) لَم يَجِدْ شِقَّ تَمرَةٍ فبِكلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ\". قال عَدِيٌّ: قَد رأيتُ الظَّعينَةَ تَرتَحِلُ مِنَ الكوفَةِ حَتَّى تَطوفَ بالبَيتِ لا تَخافُ إلَّا اللهَ، وكُنتُ فيمَنِ افتَتَحَ كُنوزَ كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ، ولَئن طالَت بكُم حَياةٌ سَتَرَونَ ما قال أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ -: \"يُخرِجُ الرَّجُلُ مِلءَ كَفِّه مِن ذَهَب أو فِضَّةٍ فلا يَجِدُ مَن يَقبَلُه مِنه\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) الدعار جمع داعر وأصله المفسد، والدعر والدعارة الفساد. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٥.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"يبلغك\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فإن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٤٣، ٣٤٤. وأخرجه البخاري في خلق أفعال العباد (٣١٧) من طريق النضر به. وابن خزيمة في التوحيد (٢١٩)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٩٤ (٢٢٣) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"10","page":434},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ الحَكَمِ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ: وقَد بَلَغَنا أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ سافَرَ بمَولاةٍ له لَيسَ هو لها بمَحرَمٍ ولا مَعَها مَحرَمٌ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بن عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يُردِفُ مَولاةً له يُقالُ لها: صَفيَّةُ. تُسافِرُ مَعَه إلَى مَكَّةَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ عُقبَةَ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ حَجَّ بمَولاةٍ له يُقالُ لها: صافيَةُ. على عَجُزِ بَعيرٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في الجَديدِ: وقَد بَلَغَنا عن عائشةَ وابنِ عُمَرَ وعُروَةَ مِثلُ قَولِنا في أنْ تُسافِرَ المَرأةُ لِلحَجِّ وإِنْ لَم يَكُنْ مَعَها مَحرَمٌ. وذَكَرَه أيضًا عن عَطاءٍ. وفِي القَديمِ عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، عن يونُسَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٥٩٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٢٧٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٧٣)، وأبو داود (١٧٢٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٢٠).\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ١١٧.","vol":"10","page":435},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عمرَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ أُخبِرَت أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ يُفتِي أنَّ المَرأةَ لا تُسافِرُ إلَّا مَعَ مَحرَمٍ، فقالَت: ما كُلُّهُنَّ ذَواتِ مَحرَمٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2258>بابٌ: الاختيارُ لِوَليِّها أنْ يَخرُجَ مَعَها</span>\n\n١٠٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ فقالَ: \"لا يَخلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بامرأةٍ، ولا تُسافِرُ امرأةٌ إلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحرَمٍ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ امرأتِي خَرَجت حاجَّةً، وإِنِّي اكتُتِبتُ في غَزوَةِ كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فاحجُجْ مَعَ امرأتِكَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ عليٍّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللَّه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ١١٥، وابن حبان (٢٧٣٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٦٨)، والشافعي في مسنده ١/ ٤٩٠ (٧٤٨ - شفاء العي). وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٧٩). وسيأتي في (١٣٦٤٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٣٣)، ومسلم (١٣٤١/ ٤٢٤).","vol":"10","page":436},{"text":"الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي اكتُتِبتُ في غَزوَةِ كَذا وكَذا (^١) وامرأتِي حاجَّةٌ. قال: \"ارجِعْ فحُجَّ مَعَ امرأتِكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2259>بابُ المَرأةِ تُنهَى عن كُلِّ سَفَرٍ لا يَلزَمُها بغَيِر مَحرَمٍ</span>\n\n١٠٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ يَعنِي الشَّيبانِيَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّد. وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَلَمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن المُثَنَّى قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُسافِرِ المَرأَةُ ثَلاثًا إلَّا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَم\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n١٠٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"خرجت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٢٠١) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (٣٢٣١، ٣٢٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٩٠٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٦١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٧١).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٠٨٧)، ومسلم (١٣٣٨/ ٤١٣) وعنده: عن زهير بن حرب ومحمد بن المثنى.","vol":"10","page":437},{"text":"حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُسافِرِ امرأَةٌ سَفَرًا يَكونُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ فصاعِدًا إلَّا ومَعَها أبوها أو أخوها أوِ ابنُها أو ذو مَحرَمٍ مِنها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه قَزَعَةُ بن يَحيَى عن أبي سعيدٍ، فقالَ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه: \"فوقَ ثَلاثٍ\". وقالَ في الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى: \"يَومَينِ\".\nورَواه أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٠٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأَةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ تُسافِرُ مَسيرَةَ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ إلَّا مَعَ ذِي مَحرَمٍ مِنها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٤٧٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٤٠/ ٤٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو داود (١٧٢٤) عن القعنبي به. وتقدم في (٥٤٧٥).","vol":"10","page":438},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى (^١).\nورَواه بشرُ بنِ عُمَرَ عن مالكٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١٠٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبيه عن أبي هريرةَ (^٣). وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ وأحمَدُ بن سَلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لإِمرأَةِ مُسلِمَةٍ تُسافِرُ مَسيرَةَ لَيلَةٍ إلَّا ومَعَها رَجُلٌ ذو حُرمَةٍ مَحرَمٌ مِنها\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٠٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٣٩/ ٤٢١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٧٢٤). وأخرجه الترمذي (١١٧٠) عن الحسن بن علي به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٢٣) من طريق بشر بن عمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٣٩/ ٤٢١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٤٧٦، ٥٤٧٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٤٧٧).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٣٩/ ٤١٩).","vol":"10","page":439},{"text":"ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لإِمرأَة تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أنْ تُسافِرَ مَسيرَةَ يَومٍ إلَّا ومَعَها مَحرَمٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عيسَى بنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن واقِدِ بنِ أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِنِسائه في حَجَّتِه: \"هذه ثُمَّ ظُهورَ الحُصُرِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَة، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأزواجِه في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"إنَّما هِيَ هَذِه ثُمَّ ظُهورَ الحُصُرِ\". قال: فكُنَّ كُلُّهُنَّ يُسافِرْنَ إلَّا زَينَبَ وسَودَةَ فإِنَّهُما قالَتا: لا تُحَرِّكُنا دابَّةٌ بَعدَ ما سَمِعْنا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\nتابَعَه صالِحُ بن كَيسانَ عن صالِحِ بنِ نَبهانَ (^٥). ورُوِّيناه في أوَّلِ الكِتابِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤١٤) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (٥٤٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٣٩/ ٤٢٠)، والبخاري (١٠٨٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٦٩٦).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٧٥٢، ٢٤٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧٦٥، ٢٦٧٥١) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢١٤: وفيه صالح مولى التوأمة، ولكنه من رواية ابن أبي ذئب عنه، وابن أبي ذئب سمع منه قبل اختلاطه، وهو حديث صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٥٥.","vol":"10","page":440},{"text":"مِن حَديثِ أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ومَنَعَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الحَجَّ؛ لِقَولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هِيَ هذه الحَجَّةُ ثُمَّ ظُهورَ الحُصُرِ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا في أوَّلِ كِتابِ الحَجِّ في بابِ حَجِّ النِّساءِ عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه أذِنَ لَهُنَّ في الحَجِّ في آخِرِ حَجَّةٍ حَجَّها، وبَعَثَ مَعَهُنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ (^٢)، وفيه وفِي حَجِّ سائرِ النِّساءِ دَليلٌ على أنَّ المُرادَ بقَولِه - ﷺ -: \"هذه ثُمَّ ظُهورَ الحُصُرِ\". أنْ لا يَجِبَ الحَجُّ إلَّا مَرَّةً، أوِ اختارَ لَهُنَّ تَركَ السَّفَرِ بعدَ أداءِ الواجِبِ.\n\n١٠٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ المَروَزِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بن هِشامٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أذِنَ لأزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الحَجّ، وبَعَثَ مَعَهُنَّ عثمانَ وابنَ عَوفٍ، فنادَى عثمانُ - ﵁ - في النّاسِ: لا يَدنو مِنهُنَّ أحَدٌ ولا يَنظُرُ إلَيهِنَّ إلَّا مَدَّ البَصَرِ وهُنَّ في الهَوادِجِ على الإبِلِ. وأنزَلَهُنَّ صَدرَ الشِّعب، ونَزَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وعُثمانُ - ﵄ - بذَنَبِه، فلَم يَصعَدْ إلَيهِنَ أحَدٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2260>بابُ الأيّامِ المعلوماتِ والمعدوداتِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة عقب (٣٢٦٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٦٩٥).","vol":"10","page":441},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الأيّامُ المَعلوماتُ أيّامُ العَشر، والمَعدوداتُ أيّامُ التَّشريقِ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يُكَبِّرُ يَومَ النَّفرِ في مَكَّةَ ويَتلو: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٠٣].\n\n١٠٢٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: الأيّامُ المَعلوماتُ العَشرُ، والأيّامُ المَعدوداتُ أيّامُ التَّشريقِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٧٧٠)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٢١٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٤٩، ٥٥٠ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في فضائل الأوقات (٢٢٠). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٥٠، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٨٩٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) تفسير سفيان ص ٦٥، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٥٥١.","vol":"10","page":442},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2261>جِماعُ أبوابِ الهَديِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2262>بابُ الهَدايا مِنَ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنَمِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضر، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قِصَّةِ التَّمَتُّعِ قال: وقالَ: ما اسْتَيْسرَ مِنَ الهَدي جَزورٌ، أو بَقَرَةٌ، أو شاةٌ، أو شِركٌ في دَمِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وكَذَلِكَ مُسلِمٌ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ النَّضرُويُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مِنَ الأزواجِ الثَّمانيَةِ. يَعنِي الهَديَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٤٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَ سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَص، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مِنَ الأزواجِ الثَّمانيَةِ؛ مِنَ الإبِل، والبَقَر، والضّأن، والمَعز، على قَدرِ المَيسَرَة، ما عَظُمَت فهو أفضَلُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٩٦٢).\n(^٢) ينظر (٨٩٦٢) وينظر التعليق عليه.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٣١١ - تفسير)، وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣٥٠ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٣١٢ - تفسير).","vol":"10","page":443},{"text":"١٠٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، أن رَجُلًا سأل عَليًّا - ﵁ - عن الهَديِ مِمّ هو؟ فقالَ: مِنَ الثَّمانيَةِ أزواجِ. فكأنَّ الرَّجُلَ شَكَّ فقالَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أتَقرأُ القُرآنَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فهَل سَمِعتَ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ﴾ [المائدة: ١]؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فهَل سَمِعْتَه يقولُ: ﴿لِيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٤]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ حَمُولَةً وَفَرْشًا كُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٢]. قال: فسَمِعتَ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿مِنَ الضَّأْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْمَعْزِ اثْنَيْنِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٣]، (ومِنَ البَقَرِ اثنَينِ ومِنَ الإبلِ اثنَينِ) (^١)؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فهَل سَمِعتَ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ﴾ - إلَى قَولِه -: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]؟ فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: نَعَم. قال: فقَتَلتُ ظَبيًا، فماذا عَلَيَّ؟ قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: ﴿هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ﴾. فقالَ عليٌّ: قَد سَمَّى اللهُ هَديًا بالِغَ الكَعبَةِ كما تَسمَعُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2263>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ هَديًا فسَمَّى شَيئًا فعَلَيه ما سَمَّى، صَغيرًا كان أو كَبيرًا</span>\n\n١٠٢٤٦ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وغَيرُه قالوا:\n_________\n(^١) كذا، والآية: ﴿وَمِنَ الْإِبِلِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ اثْنَيْنِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٤].\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٨٠٧) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"10","page":444},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو عبد اللَّهِ الأغَرُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ كان على كُلِّ بابٍ مِن أبوابِ المَسجِدِ مَلائكَةٌ يَكتُبونَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ، فإذا جَلَسَ الإمامُ طَوَوُا الصُّحُفَ، وجاءوا يَستَمِعونَ الذِّكرَ، فمَثَلُ المُهَجِّرِ كالَّذِي يُهدِي بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ كالَّذِي يُهدِي بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ كالَّذِي يُهدِي الكَبشَ، ثُمَّ كالَّذِي يُهدِي الدَّجاجَةَ، ثُمَّ كالَّذِي يُهدِي البَيضَةَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2264>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ هَديًا لَم يُسَمِّه، أو لَزِمَه هَديٌ لَيسَ بجَزاءٍ مِن صَيدٍ، فلا يَجزِيه مِنَ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ إلَّا ثَنِيٌّ فصاعِدًا</span>\n\n١٠٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَذبَحوا إلَّا فسِنّةً، إلَّا أنْ يَعشرَ عَلَيكُم، فتَذبَحوا الجَذَعَةَ مِنَ الضّأنِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٢٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٦٧) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥٩٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٥٠/ ٢٤)، والبخارى (٩٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٨)، وأبو داود (٢٧٩٧)، والنسائي (٤٣٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٨) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٥٨، ١٩٠٨٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٦٣/ ١٣).","vol":"10","page":445},{"text":"١٠٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ في الضَّحايا والبُدنِ: الثَّنِيُّ فما فوقَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2265>بابُ جَوازِ الذَّكَرِ والأُنثَى في الهَدايا</span>\n\n١٠٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن المِنهال، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدٌ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أهدَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جَمَلَ أبي جَهلٍ في هَديِه عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وفِي رأسِه بُرَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ، وكانَ أبو جَهلٍ استُلِبَ يَومَ بَدرٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد الأعلَى بنِ عبد الأعلَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ: وفِي أنفِه بُرَةٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ. والباقِي بمَعناه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ (^٣).\nورَواه يونُسَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، وقالَ: في أنفِه بُرَةُ فِضَّةٍ؛\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ٣٨٠، ومن طريقه ابن وهب (١٧٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٧ من طريق عبد الأعلى بن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٤٩). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٣٨) بلفظ: فضة.","vol":"10","page":446},{"text":"ليَغيظَ به المُشرِكينَ (^١).\nواختُلِفَ فيه على محمدِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ فقيلَ: بُرَةُ فِضَّةٍ. وقيلَ: مِن ذَهَبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحٍ الهاشِمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ المُستَعِينِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عليٍّ المَدينِيّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: كُنتُ أُرَى أنَّ هذا مِن صَحيحِ حَديثِ ابنِ إسحاقَ، فإِذا هو قَد دَلَّسَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَن لا أتَّهِمُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. قال عليٌّ: فإِذَا الحَديثُ مُضطَرِبٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِيَ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ:\n\n١٠٢٥١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المَرورّوذِيُّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أهدَى في بُدنِه (^٤) بَعيرًا كان لأبِي جَهلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٤٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٨) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٠٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٢) عن يعقوب عن أبيه، عن ابن إسحاق عن عبد الله بن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٤) في م: \"هديه\".","vol":"10","page":447},{"text":"في أنفِه بُرَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ (^١). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، إلَّا أنَّهُم يَرَونَ أنَّ جَريرَ بنَ حازِمٍ أخَذَه مِن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ ثُمَّ دَلَّسَه، فإِنْ بُيِّن فيه سَماعُ جَريرٍ مِن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ صارَ الحَديثُ صحيحًا، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَد رَواه مَنصورٌ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ البُرَةِ.\n\n١٠٢٥٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ والعباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيَارَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ساقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ فيها جَمَلٌ لأبِي جَهلٍ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه في مَتنِه، وفيما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٠٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نُحِرَ - أو نَحَرَ - يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ سبعينَ بَدَنَةً فيها جَمَلُ أبي جَهلٍ، فلَمّا صُدَّت عن البَيتِ حَنَّت كما تَحِنُّ إلَى أولادِها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٦) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٢) ينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم (٨٨٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥١، ١٥٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٨٠) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"10","page":448},{"text":"١٠٢٥٤ - ورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن الحَكَمِ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهدَى في حَجَّتِه مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ فيها جَمَلٌ كان لأبِي جَهلٍ، في رأسِه بُرَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٠٢٥٥ - ورَواه ابنُ أبي لَيلَى مَرَّةً أُخرَى كما أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عثمانَ الأدَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ وأبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. وعن الحَكَمِ عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهدَى مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ فيها جَمَلٌ لأبِي جَهلٍ في أنفِه بُرَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٥٦ - ورَواه مالكُ بن أنَسٍ في \"الموطأ\" مُرسَلًا، وفيه قوَّةٌ لِما مَضَى. أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أهدَى جَمَلًا كان لأبِي جَهلِ بنِ هِشامٍ، في حَجَّةٍ أو عُمرَةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المحاملى في أماليه (٢٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩، ٢٤٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٧٦) من طريق سفيان به بالإسناد الثاني. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٤٩٦) دون ذكر جمل أبي جهل.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٧٧.","vol":"10","page":449},{"text":"وقَد رَواه سوَيدُ بن سعيدٍ عن مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أنَسٍ.\n\n١٠٢٥٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَران، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن يوسُفَ الأخرَمُ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بن سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بن أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ الصوفيُّ مِن كِتابِه الأصل، حدثنا سوَيدُ بن سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أهدَى جَمَلًا لأبِي جَهلٍ (^١).\nقال أبو حازِمٍ: لَم يَروِه غَيرُ سوَيدٍ الحَدَثانِيّ، ولَم يَروِه عن سوَيدٍ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ غَيرُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ الأخرَمِ وأحمَدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، ولَم يَروِه عن أحمدَ ثِقَةٌ غَيرُ الإمامِ أبي بكرٍ ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2266>بابُ جَوازِ الجَذَعِ مِنَ الضَّأنِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضر، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَذبَحوا إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) الموطأ برواية سويد بن سعيد (٤٦١/ ١٠٦٢ - ط البحرين). وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٨٢ عن عمر بن أحمد العبدوي به. والإسماعيلي في معجمه ١/ ٣١٢ من طريق سويد بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٨٨: بهذا وبأمثاله ضعف سويد.","vol":"10","page":450},{"text":"مُسِنَّةً، إلَّا أن يَعسُرَ عَلَيكُم فتَذبَحوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضّأنِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِيُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا في غَزاةٍ معنا أو عَلَينا مُجاشِعُ بن مَسعودٍ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَزَّتِ الغَنَمُ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يُوفِي الجَذَعُ ممّا يُوفِي مِنه الثَّنِيُّ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2267>بابٌ: لا مَحِلَّ لِلهَدي في غَيِر الإحصارِ دونَ الحَرَمِ</span>\nلِقَولِه ﷿: ﴿ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٣].\n\n١٠٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: مَن نَذَرَ بَدَنَةً فإِنَّه يُقَلِّدُها نَعلَينِ ويُشعِرُها، ثُمَّ يَسوقُها حَتَّى يَنحَرَها عِندَ البَيتِ العَتيقِ أو بمِنًى يَومَ النَّحر، لَيسَ لها مَحِلٌّ دونَ ذَلِكَ، ومَن نَذَرَ جَزورًا مِنَ الإبِلِ أوِ البَقَرِ فليَنحَرْها حَيثُ شاءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٠٢) عن أبي النضر به. وتقدم في (١٠٢٤٧)\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٣/ ١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٩٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤٠) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٩٠٩٨).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٥/ ٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٩٤.","vol":"10","page":451},{"text":"١٠٢٦١ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ الأنصارِيِّ، أنَّه سألَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن بَدَنَةٍ جَعَلَتها امرأةٌ عَلَيها، فقالَ سعيدٌ: البُدنُ مِنَ الإبِل، ومَحِلُّ البُدنِ البَيتُ العَتيقُ إلَّا أنْ تَكونَ سَمَّت مَكانًا مِنَ الأرض، فلتَنحَرْها حَيثُ سَمَّت، فإِنْ لَم تَجِدْ بَدَنَةً فبَقَرَةٌ، فإِنْ لَم تَجِدْ بَقَرَةً فعَشرٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ. قال: ثُمَّ جِئتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ فقالَ مِثلَ ما قال سعيدٌ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: فإِنْ لَم تكنْ بَقَرَةٌ، فسَبعٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ. قال: ثُمَّ جِئتُ خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ فقالَ مِثل ما قال سالِمٌ. قال: ثُمَّ جِئتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ مِثلَ ما قال سالِمٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2268>بابُ الاختيارِ في التَّقليدِ والإِشعارِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٦٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في بضعَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةً مِن أصحابِه، فلَمّا كان بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ قَلَّدَ الهَدىَ وأشعَرَه وأحرَمَ مِنها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ١٧٦.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٤١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣١٨)، وفي الدلائل ٤/ ٩٣. وسيأتي في (١٠٢٩٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٥٧، ٤١٥٨) وعنده: عن المسور ومروان بن الحكم.","vol":"10","page":452},{"text":"١٠٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ قِراءَةً، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ إملاءً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صلَّى بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ الظُّهرَ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ ببَدَنَتِه فأشعَرَ صَفحَةَ سَنامِها الأيمَن، ثُمَّ سَلَتَ الدَّمَ عَنها، ثُمَّ قَلَّدَها نَعلَين، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ براحِلَتِه، فلَمّا استَوَت على البَيداءِ أهَلَّ بالحَجِّ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ بهَذا الحَديثِ قال: ثُمَّ سَلَتَ الدَّمَ بيَدَيه (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: رَواه هَمّامٌ يَعنِي عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَلَتَ الدَّمَ عَنها بإِصبَعِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا أهدَى هَديًا مِنَ المَدينَةِ قَلَّدَه وأشعَرَه بذِي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٥٢)، والنسائي (٢٧٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٤٣/ ٢٠٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٢٤٤)، والنسائي (٢٧٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٥، ٢٦٠٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٧٥٣).","vol":"10","page":453},{"text":"الحُلَيفَة، يُقَلِّدُه قَبلَ أن يُشعِرَه، وذَلِكَ في مَكانٍ واحِدٍ، وهو موَجَّهٌ لِلقِبلَةِ؛ يُقَلِّدُه نَعلَين، ويُشعِرُه مِنَ الشِّقِّ الأيسَر، ثُمَّ يُساقُ مَعَه حَتَّى يوقَفَ به مَعَ النّاسِ بعَرَفَةَ، ثُمَّ يَدفَعُ به مَعَهُم إذا دَفَعوا، فإِذا قَدِمَ مِنًى غَداةَ النَّحرِ نَحَرَه قَبلَ أنْ يَحلِقَ أو يقَصِّرَ، وكانَ هو يَنحَرُ هَديَه بيَدِه يَصُفُّهُنَّ قيامًا ويوَجِّهُهُنَّ إلَى القِبلَة، ثُمَّ يأكُلُ ويُطعِمُ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُشعِرُ بُدنَه مِنَ الشِّقِّ الأيسَرِ إلا أنْ تكونَ صِعابًا مُقَرَّنَةً (^٢)، فإِذا لَم يَستَطِعْ أنْ يَدخُلَ بَينَهُما أشعَرَ مِنَ الشِّقِّ الأيمَن، وإِذا أرادَ أنْ يُشعِرَها وجَّهَها إلَى القِبلَة، وإِذا أشعَرَها قال: بسمِ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ أكبَرُ. وإِنَّه كان يُشعِرُها بيَدِه، ويَنحَرُها بيَدِه قيامًا (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان لا يُبالِي في أيِّ الشِّقَّينِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٧٩ - ومن طريقه البغوي في شرح السنة (١٩٥٩).\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"تنفر به\".\n(^٣) ابن وهب (١٦٦).","vol":"10","page":454},{"text":"أشعَرَ؛ في الأيسَرِ أو في الأيمَنِ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ في غَيرِ هذه الرِّوايَةِ: الإشعارُ في الصَّفحَةِ اليُمنَى، وكَذَلِكَ أشعَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). وذَكَرَ حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٠٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: الهَديُ ما قُلِّدَ وأُشعِرَ ووُقِفَ به بعَرَفَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّها قالَت: لا هَديَ إلَّا ما قُلِّدَ وأُشعِرَ ووُقِفَ بعَرَفَةَ.\n\n١٠٢٧٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مِثلَه.\n\n١٠٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٨١)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٤٦.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ١٤٦.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (١٧٣).","vol":"10","page":455},{"text":"حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَد، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إنَّما تُشعَرُ البَدَنَةُ لَيُعلَمَ أنَّها بَدَنَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: أرسَلَ الأسوَدُ غُلامًا له إلَى عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فسألَها عن بُدنٍ بَعَثَ بها مَعَه؛ أيَقِفُ بها بعَرَفاتٍ؟ فقالَت: ما شِئتُم؛ إنْ شَئتُم فافعَلوا، وإِنْ شِئتُم فلا تَفعَلوا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2269>بابُ الاختيارِ في تَقليدِ الغَنَمِ دونَ الإشعارِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أهدَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - مَرَّةً غَنَمًا فقَلَّدَها (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن حَجّاجٍ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شية (١٣٣٥٧، ١٥١٩٢) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حزم في المحلى ٧/ ٢٣٣ من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٧٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به.","vol":"10","page":456},{"text":"أنَّه قال: مَرَّةً إلَى البَيتِ غَنَمًا فقَلَّدَها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَد، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنتُ أفتِلُ قَلائدَ الغَنَمِ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَبعَثُ بها، ثُمَّ يَمكُثُ حَلالًا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا وُهَيبُ بن خالِدٍ (^٥) وحَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ (^٦) عن مَنصورٍ بذِكرِ الغَنَمِ فيهِ.\n\n١٠٢٧٦ - ورَواه الحَكَمُ بن عُتَيبَةَ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ قالَت: كُنّا نُقَلِّدُ الشّاءَ ونُرسِلُ بها ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَلالٌ لَم يَحرُمْ مِنه شَئٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ المُهاجِرِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٨٨٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠١١) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٥٥٦٥)، والترمذي (٩٠٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٨٧، ٢٧٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. وقرن أحمد الأعمش مع منصور. وأخرجه مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٠٨) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٠٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٢٦٦ من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٠٣)، والبخارى (١٧٠٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.","vol":"10","page":457},{"text":"عبد الوارِث، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بن جُحادَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبد الصَّمَدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2270>بابُ فَتْلِ القَلائدِ مِنَ العِهنِ</span>\n\n١٠٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَكيمٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن القاسِم، عن أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - قالَت: فتَلْتُ قَلائدَها مِن عِهنٍ كان عِندَنا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عليٍّ عن مُعاذٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2271>بابُ تَجليلِ الهَدايا، وما يُفعَلُ بجِلالِها (^٥) وجُلودِها</span>\n\n١٠٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ قال: أمَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أنْ أتَصَدَّقَ بجِلالِ البُدنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٢٤)، والنسائي (٢٧٨٩) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٥٩)، والنسائي (٢٧٧٩) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٠٥)، ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٤).\n(^٥) الجلال بكسر الجيم: ما تُلْبَسُه الدابةُ. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٩.","vol":"10","page":458},{"text":"التي نَحَرتُ وبِجُلودِها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ ومحمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يُجَلِّلُ بُدنَه بالقَباطيِّ والأنماطِ (^٣) والحُلَل، ثُمَّ يَبعَثُ بها إلَى الكَعبَةِ فيَكسوها إيّاها (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٨٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ دينارٍ؛ ما كان يَصنَعُ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ بجِلالِ بُدنِه حينَ كُسيَتِ الكَعبَةُ هذه الكِسوَةَ؟ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بها (^٥).\n\n١٠٢٨١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان لا يَشُقُّ جِلالَ بُدنِه، وكانَ لا يُجَلِّلُها حَتَّى يَغدوَ بها مِن مِنًى إلَى عَرَفَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) جزء سفيان الثوري (٢٠٦)، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٠٧، ١٧١٦، ٢٢٩٩)، ومسلم (١٣١٧/ ...).\n(^٣) القباطى جمع القُبْطيَّة؛ الثوب من ثياب مصر رقيقة بيضاء، وكأنه منسوب إلى القبط وهم أهل مصر، وضم القاف من تغيير النسب، وهذا في الثياب، فأما في الناس فقبطى بالكسر. النهاية ٤/ ٦. والأنماط: جمع نمط، والنمط: ظهر فراش، والنمط أيضا: ما يغشى به الهودج. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ و، ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٦) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٨٠.","vol":"10","page":459},{"text":"زادَ فيه غَيرُه: إلَّا مَوضِعَ السَّنام، فإِذا نَحَرَها نَزَعَ جِلالَها مَخافَةَ أنْ يُفسِدَها الدَّمُ، ثُمَّ يَتَصَدَّقُ بها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2272>بابٌ: لا يَصيرُ الإنسانُ بتَقليدِ الهَديِ وإِشعارِه وهو لا يُريدُ الإحرامَ مُحرِمًا</span>\n\n١٠٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِيءٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ الأزدِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا أفلَحُ بن حُمَيدٍ، عن القاسِم، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: فتَلْتُ قَلائدَ بُدنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدَيَّ، ثُمَّ أشعَرَها وقَلَّدَها، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بها إلَى البَيتِ وأقامَ بالمَدينَة، فما حَرُمَ عَلَيه شَئٌ كان له حَلالًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا نُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، حدثنا أنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أنَّها قالَت: إنْ كُنتُ لأفتِلُ قَلائدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٥٧) عن القعنبي به. وأحمد (٢٤٤٩٢)، والنسائي (٢٧٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٨)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠٣) من طريق أفلح به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٦٩٩)، ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٢).","vol":"10","page":460},{"text":"هَديِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ يَبعَثُ بها وهو مُقيمٌ ما يَجتَنِبُ شَيئًا ممّا يَجتَنِبُ المُحرِمُ. وكانَ بَلَغَها أنَّ زيادَ بنَ أبي سُفيانَ أهدَى وتَجَرَّدَ. قال: فقالَت: هَل كان له كَعبَةٌ يَطوفُ بها؟ فإِنّا لا نَعلَمُ أحَدًا تَحرُمُ عَلَيه الثّيابُ تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى يَطوفَ بالكَعبَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن هِشامٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد السَّلام، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَمرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أنَّها أخبَرَته، أنَّ زيادًا كَتَبَ إلَى عائشةَ زَوجِ النِّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: مَن أهدَى هَديًا حَرُمَ عَلَيه ما يَحرُمُ على الحاجِّ حَتَّى يُنحَرَ الهَديُ، وقَد بَعَثتُ بهَدىٍ فاكتُبِي إلَيَّ بأمرِكِ أو مُرِي صاحِبَ الهَديِ. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: لَيسَ كما قال ابنُ عباسٍ، أنا فتَلتُ قَلائدَ هَديِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدَيَّ ثُمَّ قَلَّدَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدَيه، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بها مَعَ أبي، فلَم يَحرُمْ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَئٌ أحَلَّه اللَّهُ له حَتَّى نُحِرَ الهَديُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٨٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠١٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٠).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ٣٤٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٦٥)، والنسائي (٢٧٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٤).","vol":"10","page":461},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال الزُّهرِيُّ: أوَّلُ مَن كَشَفَ العَمَى عن النّاسِ وبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ السُّنَّةَ في ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: فأخبَرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرَةُ بنتُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: إن كُنتُ أفتِلُ قَلائدَ الهَديِ هَديِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيَبعَثُ بهَديِه مُقَلَّدًا وهو مُقيمٌ بالمَدينَة، ثُمَّ لا يَجتَنِبُ شَيئًا حَتَّى يُنحَرَ هَديُه. فلَمّا بَلَغَ النّاسَ قَولُ عائشةَ هذا أخَذوا بقَولِها وتَرَكوا فتوَى ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\nورَوَى في هذا المَعنَى مَسروقٌ والأسوَدُ عن عائشَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2273>بابُ الاشتِراكِ في الهَدي</span>\n\n١٠٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الجَسَن، وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أبي\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧٠٠، ٢٣١٧)، ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢٤)، والبخارى (١٦٩٨)، ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٥٩)، وأبو داود (١٧٥٨)، والنسائي (٢٧٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٠٠٩، ٤٠١٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) ينظر صحيح مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٧٠)، وما تقدم في (١٠٢٧٣ - ١٠٢٧٦).","vol":"10","page":462},{"text":"الفَوارِسِ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الفامِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ وعَمرُو بن الحارِث، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: نَحَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ البَدَنَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: بالحُدَيبيَةِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقتيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ ويَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ ومحمدُ بن عبد السَّلامِ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٧٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٨٧٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٣. وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٨٧٧، ١٠١٧١). وسيأتي في (١٩٢٦٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٠).","vol":"10","page":463},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُهِلِّينَ بالحَجِّ معنا النِّساءُ والوِلدانُ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا مَكَّةَ طُفنا بالبَيتِ وبالصَّفا والمَروَة، وأمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن نَشتَرِكَ في الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ كُلُّ سَبعَةٍ مِنَّا في بَدَنَةٍ (^١). هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عبدانَ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِك، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: كُنَّا نَتَمَتَّعُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَذْبَحُ البَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ نَشتَرِكُ فيها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن هُشَيمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قَيسُ بن سَعدٍ، عن عَطاء، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"البقَرَةُ عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَدَنَةُ عن سبعَةٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٨٨) عن يحيى بن محمد بن يحيى وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١١٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩١٩) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٦١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٨، ١٣١٨/ ٣٥١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٨٠٧)، وأحمد (١٤٢٦٥)، وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٢) من طريق هشيم به. والنسائي (٤٤٠٥) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٢١) من طريق عفان به. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٦٣).","vol":"10","page":464},{"text":"١٠٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّهُما حَدَّثاه جَميعًا، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ يُريدُ زيارَةَ البَيتِ لا يُريدُ حَربًا، وساقَ مَعَه الهَدىَ سبعينَ بَدَنَةً عن سَبعِمائَةِ رَجُلٍ؛ كُلُّ بَدَنَةٍ عن عَشرَةٍ (^١). كَذا رَواه ابنُ إسحاقَ.\n\n١٠٢٩٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ أنَّهُما قالا: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ في بضعَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةً، فلَمّا كان بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ قَلَّدَ الهَديَ وأشعَرَه، وأحرَمَ مِنها بالعُمرَةِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعمَرُ بن راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ وسُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤). والرِّواياتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١١٢، ١٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٦) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠١٦٩).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٢، ٧٢٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٠٩، ١٨٩٢٤)، وأبو داود (١٧٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٨٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٧) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٠٢٦٢) عن المسور وحده.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٨٨٤٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٧٨، ٤١٧٩).","vol":"10","page":465},{"text":"الثّابِتاتُ مُتَّفِقَةٌ على أنَّهُم كانوا أكثَرَ مِن ألفِ رَجُلٍ عامَ (^١) الحُدَيبيَة، ثُمَّ اختَلَفوا؛ فمِنهُم مَن قال: كانوا ألفًا وخَمسَمائَةٍ. ومِنهُم مَن قال: كانوا ألفًا وأربَعَمِائَةٍ. ومِنهُم مَن قال: كانوا ألفًا وثَلاثَمائَةٍ.\n\n١٠٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن محمدِ (^٢) بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٣) الخرقيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ أبو زَيدٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بن خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ: كَم كانوا في بَيعَةِ الرِّضوانِ؟ قال: ألفًا وخَمسَمائَةٍ. قُلتُ: إنَّه بَلَغَنا أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ قال: كانوا ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ. قال: أوهَمَ يَرحَمُه اللَّهُ، هو حَدَّثَنِي أنَّهُم كانوا ألفًا وخَمسَمائَةٍ (^٤). لَفظُ أبي داودَ وحَديثُ الهَرَوِيِّ بمَعناه.\nأخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، واستَشهَدَ برِوايَةِ أبي داودَ عن قُرَّةَ (^٥).\nورَواه ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ بضِدِّ ما قال يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"على\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أحمد\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"سليم\".\n(^٤) الإسماعيلى كما في تغليق التعليق ٤/ ١٢٤، والمصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٩٧.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤١٥٣).","vol":"10","page":466},{"text":"١٠٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن إدريسَ، عن حُصينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ قال: قُلنا لِجابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ: كَم كُنتُم يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ؟ قال: خَمسَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُصَينٍ (^٢).\nورَواه الأعمَشُ عن سالِمٍ عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عمرُو بن مُرَّةَ عن سالِمٍ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه (^٤).\n\n١٠٢٩٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ عمرٌو جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: كُنّا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ فقالَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنتُم خَيرُ أهلِ الأرضِ\". ولَو كُنتُ اليَومَ أُبصِرُ لأرَيتُكُم مَوضِعَ الشَّجَرَةِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ وقُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٥) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٥٦/ ٧٢)، والبخارى (٣٥٧٦، ٤١٥٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٣٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧١/ ١٨٥٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥١١٠٧) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"10","page":467},{"text":"عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٢٩٦ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عمرٌو، سَمِعَ ابنَ أبي أوفَى صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ قَد شَهِدَ بَيعَةَ الرِّضوان، قال: كُنّا يَومَئذٍ ألفًا وثَلاثَمائةٍ، وكانَت أسلَمُ يَومَئذٍ ثُمُنَ المُهاجِرينَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِيِّ (^٣)، وأشار البخاريُّ أيضًا إلَى رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ (^٤). وعَمرٌو هذا هو ابنُ مُرَّةَ، والأشبَهُ رِوايَةُ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن جابِرٍ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعقِلُ بن يَسارٍ المُزَنِيُّ (^٥)، وسَلَمَةُ بن الأكوَعِ (^٦)، والبَراءُ بن عازِبٍ، وكُلُّهُم شَهِدوا الحُدَيبيَةَ، إلَّا أنَّ في رِوايَةٍ عن البَراءِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ أو أكثَرَ (^٧)، فكأنَّهُم كانوا يَشُكّونَ في الزّيادَة، أو بَعضُ الرّواةِ إلَى البَراء، واللَّهُ أعلمُ. وقَد بَيَّنَ جابِرُ بن عبد اللَّهِ في رِوايَةِ أبي الزُّبَيرِ عنه أنَّهُم نَحَروا البَدَنَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ (^٨)، فكأنَّهُم نَحَروا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤١٥٤، ٤٨٤٠)، ومسلم (١٨٥٦/ ٧١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٩٥، والطيالسى (٨٥٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٠٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٥٧/ ...).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤١٥٥) تعليقًا.\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٦٦٣٥).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٧٢٩/ ١٩).\n(^٧) البخاري (٤١٥١). وسيأتي تخريجه في (١٨٨٤٨).\n(^٨) تقدم في (١٠٢٨٦ - ١٠٢٨٨).","vol":"10","page":468},{"text":"السَّبعينَ عن بَعضِهِم، ونَحَروا البَقَرَ عن باقيهِم؛ عن كُلِّ سَبعَةٍ واحِدَةً، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرٍ الحيرِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن موسَى، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن واقِدٍ، عن عِلباءَ بنِ أحمَرَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرِنا فحَضَرَنا النَّحرُ، فاشتَرَكنا في الجَزورِ عَشرَةٌ، والبَقَرَةُ عن سَبعَةٍ (^١). كَذا روِيَ بهَذا الإسنادِ. وحَديثُ أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ أصَحُّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وقَد شَهِدَ الحُدَيبيَةَ، وشَهِدَ الحَجَّ والعُمرَةَ، وأخبرَنا بأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَهُم باشتِراكِ سَبعَةٍ في بَدَنَةٍ، فهو أولَى بالقَبول، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوقَد روِيَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ قال: نَحَرْنا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ سبعينَ بَدَنَةً؛ البَدَنَةُ عن عَشرَةٍ (^٢). ولا أحسِبُه إلَّا وهمًا، فقَد رَواه الفِريابِيُّ عن الثَّورِيِّ وقالَ: البَدَنَةُ عن سَبعَةٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه مالكُ بن أنَسٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ وزُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ وغَيرُهُم عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ قالوا: البَدَنَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٤)، والترمذي (٩٠٥، ١٥٠١)، والنسائي (٤٤٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٨) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٠ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١١٥٣١).","vol":"10","page":469},{"text":"عن سَبعَةٍ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عَطاءُ بن أبي رَباحٍ عن جابِرٍ (^٢)، ورَجَّحَ مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ رِوايَتَهُم لما خَرَّجَها دونَ رِوايَةِ غَيرِهِم، وأمّا حَديثُ الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ، فإِنَّ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ تَفَرَّدَ بذِكرِ البَدَنَةِ عن عَشرَةٍ فيه (^٣)، وحَديثُ عِكرِمَةَ يَتَفَرَّدُ به الحُسَينُ بن واقِدٍ، عن عِلباءَ بنِ أحمَرَ، وحَديثُ جابِرٍ أصَحُّ مِن جَميعِ ذَلِكَ، وأخبَرَ باشتِراكِهِم فيها في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ وبِالحُدَيبيَةِ بأمرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فهو أولَى بالقَبول، وبِاللَّهِ التَوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2274>بابُ رُكوبِ البَدَنَةِ إذا اضطُرَّ إلَيه رُكوبًا غَيرَ فادِحٍ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٠٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادَ، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رأى رَجُلًا يَسوقُ بَدَنَةً قال: \"اركَبْها\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّها بَدَنَةٌ. قال: \"اركَبْها ويلَكَ\". في الثّانيَةِ أو في الثّالِثَةِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٢٨٦ - ١٠٢٨٨) من طريق مالك وزهير. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٤٣)، ومسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٠) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٦٠ - ١٩٢٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٢٨٩، ١٠٢٩٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٢٩١).\n(^٤) فادح: ثقيل. النهاية ٣/ ٤١٩، والتاج ٧/ ١١ (ف د ح).\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣٧٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٣١٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٦٠)، والنسائي (٢٧٩٨).","vol":"10","page":470},{"text":"ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: بَينَما رَجُلٌ يَسوقُ بَدَنَةً مُقَلَّدَةً فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اركَبْها\". قال: إنَّها بَدَنَةٌ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"ويلَكَ أركَبْها، ويلَكَ اركَبْها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزَّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ وشُعبَةُ قالا: حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، رأى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يَسوقُ بَدَنَةً فقالَ له: \"اركَبْها\". قال: إنَّها بَدَنَةٌ. قال: \"اركَبها\". [قال: إنَّها بَدَنَةٌ. قال: \"اركَبْها\"] (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٦٨٩)، ومسلم (١٣٢٢/ ٣٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٢٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٢٢/ ٣٧٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤١٥)، وابن ماجه (٣١٠٤) من طريق هشام به. وابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٦٩٠).","vol":"10","page":471},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ يَسوقُ بَدَنَةً فقالَ: \"اركَبها\". فقالَ: إنَّها بَدَنَةٌ. فقالَ: \"اركَبْها\". مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سُئلَ جابِرٌ - ﵁ - عن رُكوبِ الهَديِ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اركَبْها بالمَعروفِ إذا أُلجِئتَ إلَيها حَتَّى تَجِدَ ظَهرًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سألتُ جابِرًا عن رُكوبِ الهَديِ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٥٩) عن هشيم به. والنسائي (٢٨٠٠) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٢٣/ ٣٧٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤١٣)، وأبو داود (١٧٦١)، والنسائي (٢٨٠١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٢٤/ ٣٧٥).","vol":"10","page":472},{"text":"\"اركَبها بالمَعروفِ حَتَّى تَجِدَ ظَهرًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه أنَّه قال: إذا اضطُرِرتَ إلَى بَدَنَتِكَ فاركَبْها رُكوبًا غَيرَ فادِحٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2275>بابُ لَبَنِ البَدَنَةِ لا يُشرَبُ إلَّا بعدَ رِيِّ فصيلِها ويُحمَلُ عَلَيها فصيلُها</span>\n\n١٠٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زُهَيرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ المُغيرَةَ يَعنِي ابنَ حَذَفٍ العَبسِيَّ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِن هَمْدانَ سألَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - عن رَجُلٍ اشتَرَى بَقَرَةً ليُضَحِّيَ بها فنُتِجَت؟ فقالَ: لا تَشرَبْ لَبَنَها إلَّا فضْلًا، فإِذا كان يَومُ النَّحرِ فاذبَحْها ووَلَدَها عن سَبعَةٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٠٦٨) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به، وفيه: الحسين بن محمد بن أعين، وهو خطأ. والصواب: الحسن. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٧٦/ ١٣٢٤).\n(^٣) سيأتي مسندًا بعد حديثين.\n(^٤) عزاه ابن قدامة في المغنى ١٣/ ٣٧٥، ٣٧٦ لسعيد بن منصور من طريق زهير عن المغيرة به.","vol":"10","page":473},{"text":"ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: إذا نُتِجَتِ البَدَنَةُ فليُحمَلْ ولَدُها حَتَّى يُنحَرَ مَعَها، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ له مَحمِلًا فليُحمَلْ على أُمِّه حَتَّى يُنحَرَ مَعَها (^١).\n\n١٠٣٠٦ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أن أباه قال: إذا اضطُرِرتَ إلَى بَدَنَتِكَ فاركَبْها رُكوبًا غَيرَ فادِحٍ، وإِذا اضطُرِرتَ إلَى لَبَنِها فاشرَبْ ما بعدَ رِيِّ فصيلِها، فإِذا نَحَرتَها فانحَرْ فصيلَها مَعَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2276>بابُ نَحرِ الإبِلِ قيامًا غَيرَ مَعقولَةٍ أو مَعقولَةِ اليُسرَى</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا﴾ [الحج: ٣٦]. قال مُجاهِدٌ: يقولُ: إذا سَقَطَت إلَى الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ (^٣) الحيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، حدثنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (^٤)، حدثنا التَّبوذَكِيُّ موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بن خالِدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الظُّهرَ بالمَدينَةِ أربَعًا ونَحنُ مَعَه، وصَلَّى بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ العَصرَ رَكعَتَين، ثُمَّ باتَ بها حَتَّى إذا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٨١. وأخرجه الطبرى في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٠.\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسين\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٢٢٢).\n(^٤) في س: \"الحسين\".","vol":"10","page":474},{"text":"أصبَحَ رَكِبَ راحِلَتَه حَتَّى إذا عَلَت به على البَيداءِ كَبَّرَ وسَبَّحَ وحَمِدَ، ثُمَّ أهَلَّ بحَجٍّ وعُمرَةٍ، ثُمَّ أهَلَّ بهِما النّاسُ، حَتَّى إذا قَدِمنا أمَرَهُم فجَعَلوها عُمرَةً، ثُمَّ أهَلّوا بالحَجِّ يَومَ التَّرويَة، ونَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَبعَ بَدَناتٍ بيَدِه قيامًا، وذَبَحَ بالمَدينَةِ كَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ثَورٍ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ لُحَيٍّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُرطٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أفضَلُ الأيّامِ عِندَ اللَّهِ يَومُ النَّحرِ (^٣) ثُمَّ يَومُ القَرِّ\". يَستَقِرُّ فيه النّاسُ، وهو الَّذِي يَلِي يَومَ النَّحر، قُدِّمنَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيه بَدَناتٌ خَمسٌ أو سِتٌّ، فطَفِقنَ يَزدَلِفنَ (^٤) إلَيه بأيَّتِهِنَّ يَبدأُ، فلَمّا وجَبَت جُنوبُها قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَلِمَةً خَفيَّةً (^٥) لَم أفهَمْها، فقُلتُ لِلَّذِي إلَى جَنبِي: ما قال؟ قال: \"مَن شاءَ اقتَطَعَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٩٠٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٥١).\n(^٣) في س: \"النفر\".\n(^٤) أي: يقتربن، من قولك: زلف الشئ، إذا قرب. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٥٧.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٥: \"خفيفة\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٧٥)، وفيه: يوم النفر. بدلًا من: يوم القر. وأبو داود (١٧٦٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٠٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٦٦)، وابن حبان (٢٨١١) من طريق ثور به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٥٢).","vol":"10","page":475},{"text":"١٠٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّابِ الفَرّاءُ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ قالا (^١): حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بن عبد اللَّه، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عَن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ أتَى على رَجُلٍ وهو يَنحَرُ بَدَنَتَه بارِكَةً، فقالَ: ابعَثْها قيامًا مُقَيَّدَةً، سُنَّةَ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ قال: حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَنحَرُ بَدَنَتَه وهِيَ قائمَةٌ مَعقولةٌ إحدَى يَدَيها صافِنَةٌ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَة، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعُ بن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٥٩)، وأبو داود (١٧٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٢٠)، والبخاري (١٧١٣).\n(^٤) صفن الفرس، إذا قام على ثلاث قوائم. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٣٩٧.\nوالحديث عزاه في فتح الباري ٣/ ٥٥٣ لسعيد بن منصور. وينظر الدر المنثور ١٠/ ٤٨٨، ٤٩٠.","vol":"10","page":476},{"text":"الجَرّاحِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ هذا الحَرفَ: (فاذكُروا اسمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيها صَوافِنَ) (^١) يقولُ: مَعقولَةً على ثَلاثٍ، يقولُ: بسمِ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، قال: فسُئلَ عن جُلودِها فقالَ: يَتَصَدَّقُ بها أو يَنتَفِعُ (^٢) بها (^٣).\n\n١٠٣١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: مَن قَرأها (صَوافِنَ). قال: مَعقولَةً. ومَن قَرأها ﴿صَوَافَّ﴾ تُصفُّ بَينَ يَدَيهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٣١٤ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سابِطٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وأصحابَه\n_________\n(^١) قراءة شاذة، وقرأ بها ابن عمر وغيره. ينظر المحتسب ٢/ ٨١، والبحر المحيط ٦/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٢) في س: \"يتمتع\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦٧)، ونسخة وكيع (٣). وأخرجه الضياء في المختارة ١٠/ ١٧ (٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد الله به. وأبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ١٧٨، والطبرى في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٥٥، ٥٥٦ من طريق الأعمش به. وعند أبي عبيد مقتصرًا على: \"صوافن\"، وعند ابن جرير بدون ذكر: \"صوافن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٥٩ من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٧٦٧). وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٠٢. وصححه الألباني في صحح أبي داود (١٥٥٣).","vol":"10","page":477},{"text":"كانوا يَنحَرونَ البَدَنَةَ مَعقولَةَ اليُسرَى قائمَةً على ما بَقِيَ مِن قَوائمِها (^١). حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ مَوصولٌ، وحَديثُه عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2277>بابُ نَحرِ الإبِلِ وذَبحِ البَقَرِ والغَنَمِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في أحاديثَ ثابِتَةٍ نَحرُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - البُدنَ بيَدِهِ.\n\n١٠٣١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن محمدِ بنِ حَيَّانَ البَصرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن حاتِمٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ عِمرانَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأزدِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ غَرفَةَ (^٢) بنَ الحارِثِ الكِندِيَّ قال: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وأُتِيَ بالبُدنِ فقالَ: \"ادعوا لِي أبا حَسَنٍ\". فدُعِيَ له عليٌّ فقالَ له: \"خُذْ بأَسفَلِ الحَربَةِ\". وأخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بأعلاها ثُمَّ طَعَنا بها البُدنَ، فلَمّا فرَغَ رَكِبَ بَغلَتَه وأردَفَ عَليًّا (^٣).\n\n١٠٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٦٧). وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٠٢.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"عرفة\". وينظر الإصابة ٨/ ٤٧٣.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٦٦). وأخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٣١٧، والطبراني ١٨/ ٢٦١ (٦٥٥) من طريق موسى بن محمد به، وفيه: حبان. بدلًا من: حيان. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨٧).","vol":"10","page":478},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: ضَحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بكَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَين، فرأيتُه واضِعًا قَدَمَه على صِفاحِهِما (^١) يُسَمِّي ويُكَبِّرُ، فذَبَحَهُما (^٢) بيَدِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - بَقَرَةً يَومَ النَّحرِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) صفاحهما: أي صفحة العنق، وهي جانبه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٣/ ١٢١.\n(^٢) في س: \"ويذبحهما\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٩٦٠، ١٢١٤٧)، والنسائي (٤٤٢٨، ٤٤٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٠، ٥٩٠١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٥٨)، ومسلم (١٩٦٦/ ١٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٤٤)، ومسلم (١٣١٩/ ٣٥٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٣١٩/ ٣٥٦).","vol":"10","page":479},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2278>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن ذَبحِ صاحِبِ النَّسيكَةِ نَسيكَتَه بيَدِه، وجَوازُ الاستِنابَةِ فيه، ثُمَّ حُضورُه الذَّبحَ لما يُرجَى مِنَ المَغفِرَةِ عِندَ سُفوحِ الدَّمِ</span>\n\n١٠٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الموسَوِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ في صِفَةِ حَجَّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: فلَمّا كان يَومُ النَّحرِ نَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثًا وسِتّينَ، ونَحَرَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - ما غَبَرَ (^١)، وكانَت مَعَه مِائَةُ بَدَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ أُخِذَ مِن لَحمِ كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ بَضعَةٌ وطُبخَ جَميعًا، فأكَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - وشَرِبا مِنَ المَرَقِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا محمدٌ ويَعلَى ابنا عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لما نَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بُدنَه، فنَحَرَ ثَلاثينَ بيَدِه، وأمَرَنِي فنَحَرتُ سائرَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) غبر: بقى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٠٢٧)، وابن حبان (٣٩٤٣) من طريق وهيب به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٢١٨/ ٤٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٤) عن محمد بن عبيد به وحده. وأنكره الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٣٨٦).","vol":"10","page":480},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: كَذا رَواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، ورِوايَةُ جَعفَرٍ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا [أحمدُ بن محمدِ] (^١) بنِ أَشْتَةَ (^٢) الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بن إسماعيلَ إمامُ مَسجِدِ الكوفَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الضَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بن مالكٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بن إسماعيلَ، عن أبي حَمزَةَ الثُّمَالِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا فاطِمَةُ قُومِي فاشهَدِي أُضحيتَك، فإِنَّه يُغفَرُ لَكِ بأَوَّلِ قَطرَةٍ تقطُرُ (^٣) مِن دَمِها كُلُّ ذَنبٍ عَمِلتيه، وقولِي: إنّ صَلاتِي ونُسُكِي ومَحيايَ ومَماتِي للهِ رَبِّ العالمينَ لا شَريكَ له، وبِذَلِكَ أُمِرتُ وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هذا لَكَ ولأهلِ بَيتِكَ خاصَّةً فأهلُ ذَلِكَ أنتُم أم لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً؟ قال: \"بَل لِلمُسلِمينَ عامّةً\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عبدانَ لَم نَكتُبْه مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"محمد بن أحمد\".\n(^٢) كذا ضبطه السمعاني في الأنساب ١/ ١٦١، وابن نقطة في تكملة الإكمال ١/ ١٣٦، والذهبي في المشتبه ١/ ٢٨، وابن ناصر الدين في توضيح المشتبه ١/ ٢٣٨، وضبطه ابن حجر في التبصير ١/ ٢٠ بضم الهمزة.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٣٨). وأخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٢٣٩ (٦٠٠)، والأوسط (٥٠٩) عن أبي مسلم به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٩٨: ثابت بن أبي صفية أبو حمزة الثمالي ضعيف جدًّا، وسعيد عن عمران منقطع. ويروى عن عمرو بن قيس عن عطية العوفي - أحد الضعفاء - عن أبي سعيد الخدري =","vol":"10","page":481},{"text":"عِمرانَ إلَّا مِن هذا الوَجه، ولَيسَ بقَوِيٍّ.\nوروِيَ عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ بإِسنادِه عن عليٍّ (^١)، وعَمرُو بن خالِدٍ مَتروكٌ (^٢). وروِيَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لا يَذبَحُ نَسيكَةَ المُسلِمِ اليَهودِيُّ والنَّصرانِيُّ (^٣). وعن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يَذبَحَ نَسيكَةَ المُسلِمِ اليَهودِيُّ والنَّصرانِيُّ (^٤). ونَحنُ نَكرَهُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما كَرِها، وإِن فعَلَ فلا إعادَةَ على صاحِبِه؛ لِقَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥]. يَعنِي واللَّهُ أعلمُ ذَبائحَهُم، ونَحنُ نَذكُرُه بتَمامِه إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى في كِتابِ الذَّبائحِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2279>بابُ النَّحرِ يَومَ النَّحرِ وأيّامَ مِنًى كُلَّها</span>\n\n١٠٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الرَّازِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَة، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عبد العَزيز، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ أيّامِ\n_________\n= مرفوعًا نحوه.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع وعبد بن حميد كما في المطالب العالية (٢٥١٥)، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة (٦٥١٦) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٠٩٦).\n(^٣) سيأتي مسندًا في (١٩١٩٥).\n(^٤) سيأتي مسندًا في (١٩١٩٦).\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٩١٨١، ١٩١٨٢).","vol":"10","page":482},{"text":"التَّشريقِ ذَبحٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٢٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بن عبد العَزيز، [عن سعيدِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ] (^٢)، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ كُلُّها ذَبحٌ\" (^٣). الأوَّلُ مُرسَلٌ، وهَذا غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ؛ لأنَّ راويَه سوَيدٌ (^٤)، وقَد رَواه أبو مُعَيدٍ (^٥) عن سُلَيمانَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن جُبَيرٍ. وهو قَولُ عَطاءٍ والحَسَن، ونَحنُ نَذكُرُه بتَمامِه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ في كِتابِ الضَّحايا (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2280>باب: الحَرَمُ كُلُّه مَنحَرٌ</span>\n\n١٠٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ يَعنِي الشَّيبانِيَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"وقَفتُ ههنا بعَرَفَةَ وعَرَفَةُ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، ووَقَفتُ ههنا بجَمعٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٥١) عن أبي المغيرة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٢٥: ورجال أحمد وغيره ثقات.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٣٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٨/ ٣٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٣٤٤٣) من طريق أحمد بن منصور به. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٦٨).\n(^٤) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١١٣٢). قال الذهبي ٤/ ١٩٩٩: ولا لحق سليمان نافعًا.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"معبد\" بالموحدة التحتية. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٧٠.\n(^٦) سيأتي في (١٩٢٦٩، ١٩٢٧٤).","vol":"10","page":483},{"text":"وجَمعٌ كُلُّها مَوقِفٌ، ونَحَرتُ ههنا ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ، فانحَروا في رِحالِكُم\" (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غياثٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (*): \"كُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وكُلُّ مُزدَلِفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ طَريقٌ ومَنحَرٌ\" (^٣). قال يَعقوبُ: أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ عِندَ أهلِ بَلَدِه المَدينَةِ ثِقَةٌ مأمونٌ.\n\n١٠٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَناحِرُ البُدنِ بمَكَّةَ ولَكِنَّها نُرِّهَت عن الدِّماء، ومِنًى مِن مَكَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٩٣٦). وتقدم تخريجه في (٩٥٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ٤٩).\n(*) من هنا بداية خرم في المخطوطة \"س\" وينتهي عقب (١١٠٨٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦٥)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٥٤٤. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٠٢)، والدارمي (١٩٢١) عن عبد الله به. وتقدم في (٩٥٧٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٥١) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":484},{"text":"ابنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ أبو الحَسَن، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما المَنحَرُ (^١) بمَكَّةَ، ولَكِنْ نُزِّهَت عن الدِّماءِ. قال: ابنُ عباسٍ القائلُ: ومَكَّةُ مِن مِنًى (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءٌ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ كان يَنحَرُ بمَكَّةَ، وأنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ لَم يَكُنْ يَنحَرُ بمَكَّةَ، كان يَنحَرُ بمِنًى (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَن، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن الحارِث، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَنحَرُ بالمَنحَرِ.\n\n١٠٣٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِث، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بمِثلِهِ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: يَعنِي مَنحَرَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيما مَضَى عن عبد اللَّهِ العُمَرِيّ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَنحَرُ بمَكَّةَ عِندَ المَروَة، ويَنحَرُ بمِنًى عِندَ المَنحَرِ (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"النحر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٥١) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه، دون آخره.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٦٠) من طريق ابن جريج به، بذكر النحو بمنى فحسب.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٥٣)، والبخاري (٥٥٥١) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٧١٠).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٩٤٦٩).","vol":"10","page":485},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2281>بابُ الأكلِ مِنَ الضَّحايا والهَدايا التي يَتَطَوَّعُ بها صاحِبُها</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا﴾ [الحج: ٢٨].\n\n١٠٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ وأحمَدُ بن سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في صِفَةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ إلَى المَنحَرِ فنَحَرَ ثَلاثًا وسِتِّينَ بَدَنَةً، وأعطَى عَليًّا فنَحَرَ ما غَبَرَ وأشرَكَه في هَديِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ مِن كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ ببَضعَةٍ فجُعِلَت في قِدرٍ فطُبِخَت، فأكَلا مِن لَحمِها وشَرِبا مِن. مَرَقِها، ثُمَّ أفاضَ إلَى البَيتِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِث، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الحَجِّ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ، نَحَرَ مِنها بيَدِه سِتِّينَ وأمَرَ ببَقيَّتِها فنُحِرَت، فأُخِذَ مِن كُلِّ بَدَنَةٍ بَضعَةٌ فجُمِعَت في قِدرٍ، فأكَلَ مِنها وحَسا مِن مَرَقِها. قيلَ لمحَمَّدٍ: ليَكونَ قَد أكَلَ مِن كُلِّها؟ قال محمدٌ: نَعَم (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٦٥٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٨٠) من طريق زهير به دون قول محمد.","vol":"10","page":486},{"text":"عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عمرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ نَهَيتَ عن أكلِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بعدَ ثَلاثٍ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّما نَهَيتُكُم مِن أجلِ الدّافَّةِ (^١) التي دَفَّت حَضرَةَ الأضحَى، فكُلوا وتَصَدَّقوا وادَّخِروا\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٣٣ - ورُوِّينا عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: بَعَثَ مَعِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسعودٍ بهَديٍ تَطَوُّعًا، فقالَ لِي: كُلْ أنتَ وأصحابُكَ ثُلُثًا، وتَصَدَّقْ بثُلُثٍ، وابعَثْ إلَى أهلِ أخِي عُتبَةَ ثُلُثًا. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2282>بابُ تَركِ الأكلِ والتَّخليَةِ بَينَها وبَينَ النَّاسِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا الضَّحَّاكُ بن مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ثَورُ بن يَزيدَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ لُحَيٍّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الدافة: القوم يسيرون جماعة سيرا ليس بالشديد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٨٤، ٤٨٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٢٤٩)، والنسائي (٤٤٤٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩٢٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨١٢) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٧١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٧٠٢) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٢٨: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"10","page":487},{"text":"ابنِ قُرطٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ الأيّامِ عِندَ اللَّهِ يَومُ النَّحر، ثُمَّ يَومُ القَرِّ\". وهو الَّذِي يَليه. قال: وقُدِّمْنَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَدَناتٌ خَمسٌ أو سِتٌّ، فطَفِقنَ يَزدَلِفنَ إلَيه بأيَّتِهِنَّ يَبدأُ، فلَمّا وجَبَت جُنوبُها تكَلَّمَ بكَلِمَةٍ خَفيَّةٍ لَم أفهَمْها، فقُلتُ لِلَّذِي يَلينِي: ما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: قال: \"مَن شاءَ اقتَطَعَ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أخبَرَه مسلمٌ المُصَبِّحُ (^٢) أنَّه رأى ابنَ عُمَرَ أفاضَ ولَم يأكُلْ مِن لَحمِ نُسُكِه شَيئًا.\n\n١٠٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الجَهْمِ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا حُصينٌ قال: سُئلَ مُجاهِدٌ: أيأكُلُ الرَّجُلُ مِن ضَحيَّتِهِ (^٣)؟ قال: لا يَضُرُّه ألَّا يأكُلَ مِنها، إنَّما قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا﴾ مِثلُ قَولِه: ﴿وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا﴾ [المائدة: ٢]. فمَن شاءَ اصطادَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣٠٨).\n(^٢) كذا ضبط في الأصل بتشديد الباء المكسورة. وقال ابن حجر: بسكون الصاد مخففًا ... لأنه كان يقد المصابيح. تبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٢٩٤. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٥٥٢، ٥٥٣، ٣٥/ ٥٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"أضحيته\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٢٣، ٥٢٤، ٥٦٢ من طريق حصين به بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":488},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2283>بابٌ: لا يُعطِي الجَزَّارَ مِن لُحومِها وجُلودِها في جِزارَتها شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٠٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن مُسلِمٍ وعَبدُ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيُّ، أن مُجاهِدًا أخبَرَهُما، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبي لَيلَى أخبَرَه، أن عَليًّا أخبَرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يَقومَ على بُدنِه وأن يَقسِمَ بُدنَه كُلَّها لُحومَها وجُلودَها وجِلالَها في المَساكين، ولا يُعطىَ في جِزارَتِها مِنها شَيئًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ المَعروفُ بالتُّركِ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد الوَهَّابِ قال يَحيَى: حدثنا، وقالَ الآخَرانِ: أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن عبد الكَريم، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أقومَ على بُدنِه، وأن أتَصَدَّقَ بلَحمِها وجُلودِها وأجِلَّتِها، وألَّا يُعْطَى (^٣) الجَزّارُ، ثُمَّ قال: \"نَحنُ نُعطيه مِن عِندِنا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٤٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧١٧)، ومسلم (١٣١٧/ ٣٤٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"أعطى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٦٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٣) من طريق أبي خيثمة به. وأحمد (٥٩٣)، وأبو داود (١٧٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٢) من طريق =","vol":"10","page":489},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2284>بابٌ: لا يُبْدِلُ ما أوجَبَه مِنَ الهَدايا بكَلامِه بخَيرٍ ولا شَرٍّ مِنه</span>\n\n١٠٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سلمةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحيم، عن جَهمِ بنِ الجارودِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أبيه قال: أهدَى عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ نَجيبًا (^٢) فأُعطيَ بها ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دينارٍ، [فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي أهدَيتُ نَجيبًا (^٢) فأُعطيتُ بها ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دينارٍ] (^٣) فأبيعُها وأشتَرِي بثَمَنِها بُدنًا، أو قال: بَدَنَةً؟ الشَّكُّ مِنِّي قال: \"لا انحَرْها إيَّاها\" (^٤). قال أبو داودَ: أبو عبد الرَّحيمِ خالِدُ بن يَزيدَ خالُ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ رَوَى عنه حَجَّاجُ بن محمدٍ.\n_________\n= عبد الكريم به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٣١٧/ ٣٤٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"بختيا\". والنجيب من الإبل: القوي الخفيف السريع. النهاية ٥/ ١٧.\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (١٧٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١١) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به، وعند ابن خزيمة: شهم. بدلًا من: جهم. وقال: هذا الشيخ اختلف أصحاب محمد بن سلمة في اسمه؛ فقال بعضهم: جهم بن الجارود. وقال بعضهم: شهم. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٠١: جهم لا يدرى من هو.","vol":"10","page":490},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2285>بابٌ: لا يأكُلُ مِن كُلِّ هَديٍ كان أصلُه واجِبًا عَلَيه، مِثلَ فِديَةِ الأذَى والفَسادِ وجَزاءِ الصَّيدِ والنُّذورِ والمُتعَةِ والقِرانِ وغَيِرها</span>\nرُوِّينا فيما مَضَى عن عَطاءِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: في الحَمامَةِ شاةٌ لا يُؤكَلُ مِنها، يُتَصدَّقُ بها (^١). ورُوِّينا عنه في الَّذِي يَطأُ امرأتَه قَبلَ الطَّوافِ: انحَرْ ناقَةً سَمينَةً فأطعِمْها المَساكينَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّهُما قالا: لا يأكُلُ مِن جَزاءِ الصَّيدِ ولا مِنَ الفِديَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدُ بن النَّضرِ بنِ عبد الوَهَّابِ قالا: حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبَّار، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن أيُّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن كَعبِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٥٥، ١٠٠٩٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٨٨٥).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٣٤٦، ١٣٣٥٠).","vol":"10","page":491},{"text":"عُجرَةَ قال: أتَى عَليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وأنا أوقِدُ تَحتَ بُرمَةٍ لِي، والقَملُ يَتَساقَطُ على وجهِي، فقالَ: \"أيُؤذيكَ هَوامُّ رأسِكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فاحلِقْ وصُم ثَلَاثَةَ أيّام، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ، أوِ انسُكْ نَسيكَةً\". قال أيُّوبُ: ما أدرِي بأيِّ ذَلِكَ بَدأ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ القَواريرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2286>بابُ ما لا يَجزِي مِنَ العُيوبِ في الهَدايا</span>\n\n١٠٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ عبد الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ فَيرُوزَ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِلبَراءِ: حَدِّثْني عَمَّا كَرِهَ أو نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأضاحِيِّ. فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - هَكَذا بيَدِه، ويَدِي أقصَرُ مِن يَدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أربَعٌ لا تَجزِي في الأضاحِيِّ؛ العَوراءُ البَيِّنُ عَوَرُها، والمَريضَةُ البَيِّنُ مَرَضُها، والعَرجاءُ البَيِّنُ عَرَجُها، والكَسيرُ [الُّذِي لا يُنقَى] (^٣) \". قال: فإِنِّي أكرَهُ أن يَكونَ نَقصٌ في الأُذُنِ والقَرنِ. قال: فما كَرِهتَ فدَعْه ولا تُحَرِّمْه على غَيرِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٨٣) من طريق القواريري به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٩٢، ٩١٦٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٩٠)، ومسلم (٨٠/ ١٢٠١).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"التي لا تنقى\". ومعنى الذي لا ينقى: الذي لا مُخَّ له لضعفه وهزاله. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١١١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٩٧)، والشعب (٧٣٢٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٦٧. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٣٨)، =","vol":"10","page":492},{"text":"١٠٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ رأى هَدايا (^١) له فيها ناقَةٌ عَوراءُ، فقالَ: إن كان أصابَها بعدَ ما اشتَرَيتُموها فأمْضوها، وإِن كان أصابَها قَبلَ أن تَشتَروها فأبدِلوها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2287>بابُ الهَديِ الَّذي أصلُه تَطَوُّعٌ إذا ساقَه فعَطِبَ فأدرَكَ ذَكاتَه نَحَرَه وصَنَعَ به [ما</span>\n\n١٠٣٤٣ - فيما] (^٣) أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبي التَّيَّاحِ الضُّبَعِيّ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بن سلمةَ الهُذَلِيُّ قال: انطَلَقتُ أنا وسِنانُ بن سلمةَ مُعتَمِرَينِ. قال: فانطَلَقَ سِنانٌ مَعَه ببَدَنَةٍ يَسوقُها، فأزحَفَت (^٤) عَلَيه بالطَّريقِ فعُنِيَ (^٥) بشأنِها إن هِيَ أُبدِعَت (^٦) كَيفَ يأتِي لها (^٧)،\n_________\n= وابن ماجه (٣١٤٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن به مقرونًا بغيره. وأحمد (١٨٥١٠، ١٨٥٤٢)، وأبو داود (٢٨٠٤)، والترمذي (١٤٩٧) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح لا نعرفه إلا من حديث عبيد بن فيروز عن البراء.\n(^١) في م: \"هديا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٧٤).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، والمراد صنع به الذي ورد فيما أخبرنا.\n(^٤) فأزحفت: قامت من الإعياء. غريب الحديث للخطابي ٢/ ٤٠، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٤.\n(^٥) في م: \"فعيى\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"فعَى\". وقد ذكر القاضي عياض في مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٧: أنه روى على الأوجه الثلاثة.\n(^٦) أبدعت: ظلعت وكلت فلم تنهض، والظلع للإبل كالغمز للدواب والعرج للإنسان. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٦٦. وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٩، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨١، والفائق ١/ ٨٤.\n(^٧) في م: \"بها\".","vol":"10","page":493},{"text":"فقالَ: لَئن قَدِمتُ البَلَدَ لأستَحفيَنَّ (^١) عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فأصبَحتُ فلَمّا نَزَلْنا البَطحاءَ قال: انطَلِقْ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ نَتَحَدَّثْ إلَيه. قال: فذَكَرَ له شأنَ بَدَنَتِه فقالَ: على الخَبيرِ سَقَطتَ، بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سِتَّ عَشَرَةَ بَدَنَةً مَعَ رَجُلٍ وأمَرَه (^٢) فيها. قال: مَضَى ثُمَّ رَجَعَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ أصنَعُ بما أُبدِعَ عَليَّ مِنها؟ قال: \"انحَرْها ثُمَّ اصبغْ نَعلَيها في دَمِها، ثُمَّ اجعَلْها على صَفحَتِها فلا تأكُلْ مِنها أنتَ ولا أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ رُفقَتِكَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، ورَواه مُسَدَّدٌ عن عبد الوارِثِ فقالَ: بثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ بَدَنَةً (^٥). وهو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n١٠٣٤٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا أبو التَّيَّاح، عن موسَى بنِ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ بثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ بَدَنَةً مَعَ رَجُلٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِ عبد الوارِثِ ولَم يَذكُرِ القِصَّةَ، وقالَ: أزحَفَ. بَدَلَ: أُبدِعَ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (٤).\n_________\n(^١) لأستحفين: لاستقصين في السؤال عنه. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٦٦. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"أمراه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٢٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به، وفيه: لاستفتين. بدلًا من: لأستحفين.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٢٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٦٣) عن مسدد به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣٦) من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به.","vol":"10","page":494},{"text":"١٠٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سِنانِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن ذُؤَيبًا أخبَرَه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ مَعَه ببَدَنَتَينِ وأمَرَه إن عَرَضَ لَهُما عَطَبٌ أن يَنحَرَهُما، ثُمَّ يَغمِسَ نِعالَهُما في دِمائهِما، ثُمَّ ليَضرِبْ بنَعلِ كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما صَفحَتَها وليُخَلِّها (^١) والنّاسَ، ولا يأمُرُ فيها بأمرٍ، ولا يأكُلُ مِنها هو ولا أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا إسماعيل بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن المِنهال، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سِنانِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ -، أن ذُؤَيبًا الخزاعِيَّ حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ مَعَه بالبُدنِ وأمَرَهَ إن عَطِبَ مِنها شَئٌ أن يَنحَرَها، وأن يَغمِسَ نَعلَها في دَمِها ويَضرِبَ به صَفحَتَها، وأمَرَه ألَّا يَطعَمَ مِنها شَيئًا ولا أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ رُفقَتِه، وأن يَقسِمَها (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبد الأعلَى بنِ عبد الأعلَى عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ دونَ قَولِه: وأن يَقسِمَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وليخلهما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٧٥) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٣١٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٢٦).","vol":"10","page":495},{"text":"١٠٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أسلَمَ قال: قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَيفَ أصنَعُ بما عَطِبَ مِنَ الهَديِ؟ فأمَرَه أن يَنحَرَها فيَطرَحَ نَعلَها في دَمِها، ويُخَلِّيَ بَينَها وبَينَ النَّاسِ فيأكُلونَها (^١).\n\n١٠٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن ناجيَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ مَعَه بهَديٍ فقالَ: \"إن عَطِبَ فانحَرْه، ثُمَّ اصبُغْ نَعلَه في دَمِه، ثُمَّ خَلِّ بَينَه وبَينَ النّاسِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّه قال: مَن ساقَ بَدَنَةً تَطَوُّعًا فعَطِبَت فنَحَرَها، ثُمَّ خَلَّى بَينَها وبَينَ الناسِ يأكلونَها، فلَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ، وإِن أكَلَ مِنها أو أمرَ بأكلِها غَرِمَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٨٠ عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه أن صاحب هدي رسول الله ﷺ. قال: ...\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٧٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٤٣)، والترمذي (٩١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٣١٦٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٠٢٣) من طريق هشام به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٨١.","vol":"10","page":496},{"text":"١٠٣٥٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2288>بابُ ما يَكونُ عَلَيه البَدَلُ مِنَ الهَدايا إذا عَطِبَ أو ضَلَّ</span>\n\n١٠٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: مَن أهدَى بَدَنَةً فضَلَّت أو ماتَت فإِنَّها إن كانَت نَذرًا أبدَلَها، وإِن كانَت تَطَوُّعًا فإِن شاءَ أبدَلَها وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَها (^٢). هذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٥٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا المُعافَى بن عِمرانَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أهدَى بَدَنَةً تَطَوُّعًا فعَطِبَت فلَيسَ عَلَيه بَدَلٌ، وإن كانَت (^٤) نَذرًا فعَلَيه البَدَلُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٨١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٧٢)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٥ ظ، ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٣٨١.\n(^٣) سيأتي مسندًا في (١٩٢٢٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"كان\".\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٠٤: الحسن من مشيخة البخاري، ولكن ليس هذا بمحفوظ.","vol":"10","page":497},{"text":"كَذا روِيَ بهَذا الإسنادِ عن الأوزاعِيِّ وأظُنُّه وهمًا، فإِنَّما رَواه غَيرُه عن الأوزاعِيِّ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ الأسلَمِيِّ. وعَبدُ اللَّه بن عامِرٍ يَليقُ به رَفعُ المَوقوفاتِ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بن بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِي، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ مَولَى عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أهدَى تَطَوُّعًا ثُمَّ ضَلَّت فإن شاءَ أبدَلَها وإن شاءَ تَرَكَ، وإن كانَت في نَذرٍ فليُبْدِلْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٥٤ - ورَواه القَرْقَسانِيُّ عن الأوزاعِيِّ فخالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في مَتنِهِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ وإِسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مُصعَبٍ القَرْقَسانِيُّ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أهدَى هَديًا تَطَوُّعًا ثُمَّ عَطِبَ فإن شاءَ أكَلَ وإن شاءَ تَرَكَ، وإِن كان نَذرًا فليُبْدِلْ\" (^٣). والصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الأوزاعِيِّ، ثُمَّ الصحيحُ رِوايَةُ مالكٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٢٣٨٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٧١). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٩) عن الربيع بن سليمان به مقرونًا بصالح بن أيوب.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٢ من طريق محمد بن مصعب به.","vol":"10","page":498},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٣٥٥ - وقَد رُوِيَ باللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ عن ابنِ أبي الزِّنادِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا إلَّا أن إسنادَه ضَعيفٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا القاضِي المَحامِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن شَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَ فيه: \"إذا ضَلَّت\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بَزيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زيادٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عبد اللهِ البَكَائيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ وهو ابنُ أبي لَيلَي، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن أبي قَتادَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن ساقَ هَديًا تَطَوُّعًا فعَطِبَ فلا يأكُلْ مِنه، فإِنَّه إن أكَلَ مِنه كان عَلَيه بَدَلُه، ولَكِن ليَنحَرْها ثُمَّ ليغْمِسْ نَعلَها في دَمِها، ثُمَّ ليَضرِبْ بها جَنبَها، وإن كان هَديًا واجِبًا فليأكُلْ إن شاءَ فإنَّه لا بُدَّ مِن قَضائِه\". قال أبو بكرِ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ: هذا الحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ، بَينَ أبي الخَليلِ وبَينَ أبي قَتادَةَ رَجُلٌ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٢) ابن خزيمة (٢٥٨٠).","vol":"10","page":499},{"text":"عن عائشةَ، أنَّها ضَلَّت لها بَدَنَتانِ فأرسَلَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ بأُخرَيَينِ فنَحَرَتْهُما، ثُمَّ وجَدَتْ بعدَ ذَلِكَ اللَّتَينِ ضَلَّتا فنَحَرَتْهُما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2289>بابُ الخُروجِ إلَى (^٢) مَدينَةِ الرَّسولِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٠٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن رَبيعٍ المَكَيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \" [تُشَدُّ الرِّحالُ إلَى] (^٣) ثَلاثَةِ مَساجِدَ؛ المَسجِدِ الحَرام، والأقصَى، ومَسجِدِي\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بن سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الحَميدِ بن جَعفَرٍ، أن عِمرانَ بنَ أبي أنَسٍ حَدَّثَهُم، أن سَلمانَ الأغَرَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يُخبِرُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما يُسَافَرُ إلَى ثَلاثَةِ مَساجِدَ؛ مَسجِدِ الكَعبَة، ومَسجِدِي، ومَسجِدِ إيلياءَ، والصَّلاةُ في\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٧٩).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"المدينة\".\n(^٣) في م: \"لا تشد الرحال إلَّا إلى\". وينظر في هذا اللفظ ما سيأتي في (٢٠١٥٨)، وفتح الباري ٣/ ٧٧.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤١٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٣٣)، والنسائي (٦٩٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١١٨٩)، ومسلم (١٣٩٧/ ٥١١).","vol":"10","page":500},{"text":"مَسجِدِي أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن ألفِ صَلاةٍ في غَيرِه إلَّا مَسجِدَ الكعبَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِيِّ (^٢). وثَبَتَ في ذَلِكَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ وغَيرِه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2290>بابُ النُّزولِ بالبَطحاءِ التي بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ والصَّلاةِ بها</span>\n\n١٠٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أناخَ بالبَطحاءِ التي بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ [فصَلَّى بها. قال] (^٤): وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n\n١٠٣٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدَ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو ضَمرَةَ أنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا صَدَرَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٢٢٥)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٤٥ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٩٧/ ٥١٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٤٣٠)، وسيأتي في (٢٠١٥٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"يصلى بها قال\".\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٤٠٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٨١٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٤٤)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٠).\n(^٦) البخاري (١٥٣٢)، ومسلم ٢/ ٩٨١ (١٢٥٧/ ٤٣٠).","vol":"10","page":501},{"text":"الحَجِّ أوِ العُمرَةِ أناخَ بالبَطحاءِ التي بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ التي كان يُنيخُ بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ المُسَيَّبِيِّ عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ السُّكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ الجَحدَرِيُّ. وأخبرَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن عَبْدِشَ (^٣) الصَّرَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن مَسعودٍ الجَحدَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الفُضَيلُ بن سُلَيمانَ النُّمَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي سالِمٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُرِيَ في مُعَرَّسِه (^٤) مِن ذِي الحُلَيفَةِ في بَطنِ الوادِي فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ ببَطحاءَ مُبارَكَةٍ. قال موسَى: وقَد أناخَ سالِمٌ بالمُناخِ الَّذِي كان عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ يُنيخُ به، يَتَحَرَّى مُعَرَّسَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو أسفَلَ مِنَ المَسجِدِ الَّذِي ببَطنِ الوادِي (^٥) بَينَه وبَينَ الطَّريقِ وسَطًا مِن ذَلِكَ (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبد الله، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (١٧٦٧) من طريق أبي ضمرة به. وأحمد (٥٥٩٤) من طريق موسى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٥٧/ ٤٣٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"عبدوس\".\n(^٤) المعرس: موضع النزول. قيل: في أي وقت من ليل أو نهار. وقيل: النزول في آخر الليل. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ١١٥.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"الذي\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٠٥)، والنسائي (٢٦٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦١٦) من طريق موسى به.","vol":"10","page":502},{"text":"ابنِ أبي بكرٍ عن الفضَيل، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن موسَى (^١).\n\n١٠٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ المَدينِيَّ يقولُ: المُعَرَّسُ على سِتَّةِ أميالٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ الأدَمِيُّ القارِيُّ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ صاحِبُ النَّرْسِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبابَةُ بن سَوَّارٍ الفَزارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان يَتَّبِعُ آثارَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويُصَلِّي فيها، حَتَّى إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَزَلَ تَحتَ شَجَرَةٍ، فكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَصُبُّ الماءَ تَحتَها حَتَّى لا تَيبَسَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2291>بابُ زيارَةِ قَبرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٠٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسٌ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَزيدَ أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ بن شُرَيحٍ، عن أبي صَخرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِن أحَدٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٥٣٥)، ومسلم (١٣٤٦/ ٤٣٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٠٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ١٢١ من طريق شبابة بن سوار به.","vol":"10","page":503},{"text":"يُسَلِّمُ عليَّ إلَّا رَدُّ اللُّهُ إلَيَّ رُوحِي حَتَّى أرُدُّ ﵇\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المِهرَجانِيُّ بنُ أبي عليٍّ السَّقَّاءُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَرب، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ ثُمَّ أتَى القَبرَ فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا رسولَ الله، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا أبا بكرٍ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا أبَتاه (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ الله قال: رأيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يَقِفُ على قَبرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ويَدعو، ثُمَّ يَدعو لأبِي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَوَّارُ بن مَيمونٍ أبو الجَرَّاحِ العَبْدِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن زارَ قَبرِي - أو قال: مَن زارَنِي - كُنتُ له شَفيعًا أو شَهيدًا، ومَن ماتَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٧٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٨١٥)، وأبو داود (٢٠٤١) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٧٢٤) من طريق أيوب به، وفيه زيادة.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٤٨) من غير ذكر أبي بكر وعمر.","vol":"10","page":504},{"text":"في أحَدِ الحَرَمَينِ بَعَثَه اللهُ في الآمِنينَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ مَجهولٌ.\n\n١٠٣٦٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن نافِعِ بنِ إسحاقَ الخُزاعِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بن محمدٍ الجَنَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن سُلَيمانَ أبو عُمَرَ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن حَجَّ فزارَ قَبرِي بَعدَ مَوتِي كان كَمَن زارَنِي في حَياتِي\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حُجرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن سُلَيمانَ، وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيع الزَّهرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن أبي داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به حَفصٌ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2292>بابُ فضلِ الصَّلاةِ فِي مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٠٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٤١٥٣)، والطيالسي (٦٥).\n(^٢) المفضل بن محمد الجندى في فضائل المدينة (٥٢) عن سلمة بن شبيب به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٤١٥٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٢٧٨ عن البغوي به. والطبراني (١٣٤٩٧) من طريق الزهرانى به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٣٥٦).","vol":"10","page":505},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمذ بن غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي عبد اللهِ الأغَرِّ. ومالِكٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلمانَ، عن أبيه الأغَرّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِي هذا خَيرٌ مِن ألفِ صَلاة فيما سِواه إلَّا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيِّب وغَيرِه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِي هذا أفضَلُ مِن ألفِ صَلاة في غَيرِه مِنَ المَساجِدِ إلَّا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٧٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٩٦، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣٢٥)، وابن ماجة (١٤٠٤)، وابن حبان (١٦٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٠٩) عن إسحاق الطباع عن مالك عن عبد الله بن سلمان عن أبيه، وأخطأ الطباع في تسميته بعبد الله مكبرًا، وصوابه: عبيد الله مصغرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٩٠)، ومسلم (١٣٩٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٧٥١)، والمعرفة (١٤٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٧٨) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وابن ماجة (١٤٠٥) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٩٥).","vol":"10","page":506},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ القاضِي بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّم، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِي هذا خَيرٌ مِن ألفِ صَلاة فيما سِواه إلَّا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ، وصَلاةٌ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ خَيرٌ مِن مِائَةِ صَلاة في مَسجِدِي\" (^١).\n\n١٠٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباس، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد الرَّحيمِ بنِ دَنُوقَا، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ صَخرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المَسجِدِ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ على التَّقوَى؟ فقالَ: \"هو مَسجِدِي هذا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الحَجَّاجِ الكوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن فُضَيلِ بنِ غَزوانَ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن عبد المَلِك، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِي هذا تَعدِلُ ألفَ صَلاة فيما سِواه مِنَ المَساجِدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٢١) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٦١١٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\nوقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٠٧: سنده صالح، ولم يخرجه أرباب السنن.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٩٩)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٢٢٧) من طريق حاتم به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٩٨).","vol":"10","page":507},{"text":"إلَّا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ فهو أفضَلُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2293>بابٌ في الرَّوضَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن بشرٍ العَبْدِيُّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن خُبَيبِ (^٢) بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما بَينَ قَبرِي ومِنبَرِي - وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ ما بَينَ مِنبَرِي وبَيتِي - رَوضَة مِن رياضِ الجَنَّةِ. ومِنبَرِي على حَوضِي\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بطوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن شَوذَبِ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سِنانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَبَّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه عبد اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ المازِنِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما بَينَ بَيتِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٣٨، ٦٤٣٦) من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٨: هو في الصحيح دون قوله: فهو أفضل.\n(^٢) في م: \"حبيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٨٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١١٩٦، ١٨٨٨)، ومسلم (١٣٩١).","vol":"10","page":508},{"text":"ومِنبَرِي رَوضَةٌ مِن رياضِ الجَنَّةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2294>بابٌ في أُسطوانَةِ التَّوبَة</span>\n\n١٠٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: كان سَلَمَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ الأكوَعِ يَتَحَرَّى الصَّلاةَ عِندَ الأُسطوانَةِ التي عِندَ المُصحَفِ. قُلتُ: يا أبا مُسلِمٍ أراكَ تتَحَرَّى الصَّلاةَ [عِندَ هذه الأُسطوانَةِ؟ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَتَحَرَّى الصَّلاةَ] (^٣) عِندَها (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّيِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي موسَى محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n١٠٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أَسحاقَ البَزَّازُ (^٦) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ الجارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ١/ ١٩٧، ومن طريقه النسائي (٦٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٣٣) عن عبد الرَّحمن عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٩٠)، ومسلم (١٣٩٠/ ٥٠٠).\n(^٣) سقط من: ص ٥.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٥١٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٠٢٢)، ومسلم (٥٠٩/ ٢٦٣).\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"البزار\". وتقدم في (١٠٧).","vol":"10","page":509},{"text":"عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا اعتَكَفَ يُطرَحُ له فِراشُه أو سَريرُه إلَى أُسطوانَةِ التَّوبَةِ ممَّا يَلي القِبلَةَ يَستَنِدُ إلَيها فيما قال عبدُ العَزيزِ (^١).\n\n١٠٣٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ أيُّوبَ الصَّبْغِيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِي، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن الضَّحَّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ في الأُسطوانَةِ التي ارتَبَطَ إلَيها أبو لُبابَةَ: الثّالِثَةُ مِنَ القَبر، وهِيَ الثَّالِثَةُ مِنَ الرَّحبَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2295>بابُ مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\n\n١٠٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحَّاكُ بن مَخلَدٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِنبَرِي على تُرْعَةٍ مِن تُرَعِ الجَنَّةِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الصَّغَانِيِّ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) فوائد الفاكهي (٩٧). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٣٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وابن ماجة (١٧٧٤) من طريق عيسى به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٦٣٥): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الضبعي\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٥٢١.\n(^٣) ينظر أخبار دار المصطفى للسمهودي ١/ ٤٤٥، وفيه: \"الثانية من القبر\".","vol":"10","page":510},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَفَعَه هِشامٌ، ولَم يَرفَعْه عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ في أصَحِّ الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه.\n\n١٠٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) العَلاءُ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلٍ أنَّه قال: كُنّا نَقولُ: إنَّ المِنبَرَ على تُرعَةٍ مِن تُرَعِ الجَنَّةِ. قال سَهلٌ: هَل تَدرونَ ما التُّرعَةُ؟ قلنا: نَعَم، البابُ. قالَ: نَعَم، هو البابُ (^٣). وروِيَ عنه مَرفوعًا على لَفظٍ آخَرَ.\n\n١٠٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرْفِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما بَينَ بَيتِي ومِنبَرِي رَوضَةٌ مِن رياضِ الجَنَّة، وقَوائمُ مِنبَرِي رَواتِبُ في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٤). واختُلِفَ فيه على أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، فقيلَ: عنه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ. وقيلَ: عنه عن أُمِّ سلمةَ. واختُلِفَ عنه في مَتنِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٤١) من طريق أبي حازم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٩: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٥٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٢٥٣، والطبراني (٥٨٨٨) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبي حازم به.\n(^٤) فوائد ابن بشران (٢١ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية)، وسقط منه: محمد بن غالب.","vol":"10","page":511},{"text":"١٠٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ علي بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عامِرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ الحيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو يَعنى ابنَ عَلقَمَةَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مِنبَرِي هذا على تُرْعَةٍ مِن تُرَعِ الجَنَّةِ\". زادَ سعيدٌ في رِوايَتِه: قيلَ لمُحَمَّدٍ: ما التُرعَةُ؟ قال: المُرتَفَعُ (^١).\nخالَفَه عَمَّارٌ الدُّهنِيُّ (^٢) عن أبي سلمةَ في إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ:\n\n١٠٣٨٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ بن عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"قَوائمُ مِنبَرِي رَواتِبُ في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨١٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٨٨) من طريق أبي سلمة به.\n(^٢) ضبط في الأصل بفتح الهاء وإسكانها، وقد ذكر السمعاني الوجهين في الأنساب ٢/ ٥١٧.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (٣٧٤٩) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وسقط من النسائي: سفيان الثوري. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ١٣/ ٤١.","vol":"10","page":512},{"text":"عبد الرَّزَّاقِ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ وإِبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ عن عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ (^٢). وروِيَ عن زائدَةَ، عن عَمَّارٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2296>بابُ إتيانِ مَسجِدِ قُباءٍ والصَّلاةِ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحارِثيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الفامِيُّ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ مُعاويَةَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يأتِي قُباءً ماشيًا وراكِبًا. وفِي حَديثِ يَحيَى: راكِبًا وماشيًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٥٢٤٢)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٥١٩). وعند عبد الرزاق: أن رسول الله ﷺ قال.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٧٦)، والنسائي (٦٩٥) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٦٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٢٦٧) من طريق زائدة به، وفيه: عن أم سلمة.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٤١٨٨)، والمعرفة (٣٣٠٤) عن أبي عبد الله وآخرين. وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"10","page":513},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي موسَى عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتِي مَسجِدَ قُباءٍ راكِبًا وماشيًا. زادَ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ في رِوايَتِه: فيُصَلِّي فيه رَكعَتَينِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ. قال البخاريُّ: وزادَ عبدُ اللهِ بن نُمَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطَّانِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ (^٥) القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن علي بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى وأبو نُعَيمٍ وقَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأتي مَسجِدَ قُباءٍ راكِبًا وماشيًا (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n= ٩/ ١٧٢، وأبو داود (٢٠٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن حبان (١٦٢٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^١) البخاري (١١٩٤)، ومسلم (١٣٩٩/ ٥١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٤٠) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٩٩/ ٥١٦)، والبخاري عقب (١١٩٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في الحديث السابق.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٢٢٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢١٨) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. والنسائي (٦٩٧)، وابن حبان (١٦١٨) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.","vol":"10","page":514},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثورِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٠٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: لَم يَكُنِ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّي الضُّحَى إلَّا أنْ يأْتِي مَسجِدَ قُباءٍ يُصَلِّي فيه؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يأتيه كُلَّ سَبتٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن سُفيانَ دونَ ذِكرِه صَلاةَ الضُّحَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الحَميدِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأبرَدِ موسَى بن سُلَيمٍ مَولَى بَنِي خَطْمَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أُسَيدَ بنَ ظُهَيرٍ الأنصارِيَّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى عنه، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يُحَدِّثُ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِ قُباء كَعُمْرَةٍ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، عن أبي أُسامَةَ، إلَّا أَنَّه قال في مَتنِه: \"مَن أتَى مَسجِدَ قباءٍ فصَلَّى فيه كانَت كَعُمْرَةٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٣٩١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٣٢٦)، ومسلم (١٣٩٩/ ٥٢٢).\n(^٢) جزء سعدان (٨٩). وأخرجه الحميدي (٦٥٨) عن سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٩٩/ ٥٢٠).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٧٥٤)، والحاكم ٤/ ٤٨٧. وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٢٤)، وابن ماجة (١٤١١) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٤٧.","vol":"10","page":515},{"text":"العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ المَدينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هاشِمُ بن هاشِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عامِرَ بنَ سَعدٍ وعائشَةَ بنتَ سَعدٍ يَقولانِ: سَمِعنا سَعدًا يقولُ: لَأن أُصَلِّيَ في مَسجِدِ قُباءٍ أحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِن أنْ أُصَلِّيَ في بَيتِ المَقدِسِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2297>بابُ زيارَةِ القُبورِ التي في بَقيعِ الغَرقَدِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي بن يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ المَدَنِيُّ، عن شَريكِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كُلَّما كان لَيلَتُها مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ مِن آخِرِ اللَّيلِ إلَى البَقيعِ فيَقولُ: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم دارَ قَومٍ مُؤمِنينَ، وأَتاكُم ما توعَدونَ، غَدًا مُؤَجَّلونَ، وإِنَّا إنْ شاءَ اللهُ بكُم لاحِقونَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لأهلِ بَقيعِ الغَرقَدِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بن شُعَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو الوَليد، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى ويَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٧٦٠٦) من طريق هاشم بن هاشم به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٢٩٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٤/ ١٠٢).","vol":"10","page":516},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2298>بابُ زيارَةِ قُبورِ الشُّهَداءِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن مَعنٍ، أخبرَني داودُ بن خالِدِ بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّه مَرَّ هو ورَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: ابنُ يوسُفَ مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ، على رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، فقالَ ابنُ يوسُفَ: إنّا لَنَجِدُ عِندَ غَيرِكَ مِنَ الحَديثِ ما لا نَجِدُ عِندَك. قال: عِندِي حَديثٌ كَثيرٌ، ولَكِن رَبيعَةُ بن الهُدَيرِ - وكانَ يَلزَمُ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ - زَعَمَ الله لَم يَسمَعْ طَلحَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غَيرَ حَديثٍ واحِدٍ. قال رَبيعَةُ: فقُلتُ له: ما هوَ؟ قال: قال لِي طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: خَرَجنا، رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَمّا أشرَفْنا على حَرَّةِ واقِمٍ (^١) تَدَلَّيْنا مِنها، فإِذا قُبورٌ بمَحنيَةٍ (^٢)، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذه قبورُ إخوانِنا. فقالَ: \"هذه قُبورُ أصحابِنا\". ثُمَّ خَرَجْنا، فلَمّا جِئنا قُبورَ الشُّهَداءِ قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذه قُبورُ إخوانِنا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ السَّقَطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن مَعنٍ المَدَنِيُّ الخُزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن خالِدِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الحرة: أرض ذات حجارة سود كبيرة، وحرة واقم: إحدى حرتي المدينة، وهي الشرقية. وقيل: واقم: اسم أُطُم من أطم المدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٢٥٢، والنهاية ٥/ ٢١٦، وتاج العروس ١٠/ ٥٧٩، ٥٨٠) (ح ر ر).\n(^٢) محنية: منعطف الوادي ومنحناه. الفائق ١/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٧٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٧) عن علي بن عبد الله به. قال الذهبي =","vol":"10","page":517},{"text":"ابنِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الهُدَيرِ قال: ما سَمِعتُ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَديثًا قَطُّ غَيرَ حَديثٍ واحِدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\n\n١٠٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ الصَّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِر، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بن المُغيرَة، عن أبي مَودودٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: رأيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ إذا ذَهَبَ إلَى قُبورِ الشُّهَداءِ على ناقَتِه رَدَّها هَكَذا وهَكَذا، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إنِّي رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في هذا الطَّريقِ على ناقَتِه، فقُلتُ: لَعَلَّ خُفِّي يَقَعُ على خُفِّهِ (^٢).\n_________\n= ٤/ ٢٠١٠: داود مقل مستور، حدث عنه أيضًا ابن أبي فديك.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٤٣) عن حامد بن يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٧٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٢٥٩ من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٦٥٤) من طريق أبي مودود بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":518},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2299>جماعُ أبوابِ آدابِ السَّفَرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2300>بابُ الاستِخارَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإمامُ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الجَوسَقانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي المَوال، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُعلِّمُنا الاستِخارَةَ في الأُمورِ كُلِّها كما يُعَلِّمُنا السُّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ يقولُ: \"إذا هَمَّ أحَدُكُم بالأمرِ فليَركَعْ رَكعَتَينِ مِن غَيرِ الفَريضَة، ثُمَّ ليَقُلِ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أستَخيرُكَ بعِلمِكَ، وأسْتقدِرُكَ بقُدرَتِكَ، وأَسأَلُكَ مِن فضلِكَ العَظيم، فإنَّكَ تَقدِرُ ولا أقدِرُ، وتَعلَمُ ولا أعلَمُ، وأَنتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيوب، اللَّهُمَّ إنْ كُنتَ تَعلَمُ أنَّ هذا الأمرَ خَيرٌ لِي في دينِي ومَعاشِي وعاقِبَةِ أمرِي - أو قال: في عاجِلِ أمرِي وآجِلِه - فاقدُرْه لِي ويَسِّرْهُ لِي، ثُمَّ بارِكْ لِي فيه، وإِنْ كُنتَ تَعلَمُ أنَّ هذا الأمرَ شَرٌّ لِي في دينِي ومَعاشِي وعاقِبَةِ أمرِي - أو قال: في عاجِلِ أمرِي وآجِلِه - فاصرِفْه عَنِّي واصرِفْنِي عنه، واقدُرْ لِي الخَيرَ حَيثُ كان، ثُمَّ رَضِّنِي بِهِ\". قال: \"ويُسَمِّي حَاجَتَه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٨٨٧) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. والترمذي (٤٨٠)، والنسائي (٣٢٥٣) عن قتيبة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٤٩٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٦٢).","vol":"10","page":519},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2301>بابُ الدُّعاءِ إذا سافَرَ</span>\n\n١٠٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سَلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بن عُمَرَ البَكراوِيُّ وأحمَدُ بن عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ سَرجِسَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - إذا سافَرَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ في السَّفَر، والخَليفَةُ في الأهل، اللَّهُمَّ اصحَبنَا في سَفَرِنا، واخلُفْنا في أهلِنا، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِن وَعْثاءِ السَّفَر، وكآبَةِ المُنْقَلَب، ومِنَ الحَوْرِ بَعدَ الكَوْنِ (^١)، ومِن دَعوَةِ المَظلومينَ، ومِن سوءِ المَنظَرِ في الأهلِ والمالِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا زيادُ بن الخَليلِ وعُثمانُ بن عُمَرَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَص، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَّاكٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أنْ يَخرُجَ في سَفَرٍ - لَم يَقُلْ زيادٌ: في سَفَرٍ - قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ الصَّاحِبُ في السَّفَر، والخَليفَةُ في الأهل، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بِكَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م، ومصادر التخريج عدا مسلم: \"الكور\". بالراء في آخره، وهما روايتان، ومعناه بالنون الرجوع عن الاستقامة والحالة الجميلة بعد أن كان عليها، ومعناه بالراء أنه يعود إلى النقصان بعد الزيادة، وقيل: من الرجوع عن الجماعة المحقة بعد أن كان فيها. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٣٩، غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٢٠، ٢٢١، وغريب الحديث للخطابي ٢/ ١٩٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٨١)، والترمذي (٣٤٣٩)، والنسائي (٥٥١٣)، وابن ماجة (٣٨٨٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٣٣) من طريق عاصم الأحول به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٤٣/ ٤٢٧).","vol":"10","page":520},{"text":"الضُّبْنَةِ (^١) في السَّفَرِ، والكآبَةِ في المُنقَلَب، اللَّهُمَّ اقبِضْ لَنا الأرضَ وهَوِّنْ عَلَينا السَّفَرَ\". فإِذا أرادَ الرُّجوعَ قال: \"آيِبونَ تائبونَ لِرَبِّنا حامِدونَ\". فإِذا دَخَلَ أهلَه قال: \"تَوبًا تَوبًا، لِرَبِّنَا أوبًا، لا يُغادِرُ عَلَينا حَوبًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٠٠ - وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَص، عن سِماكٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَ حَديثِ عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٠٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ جَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ الصوفيُّ الرَّازِيُّ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي حاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بن إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن عَمْرِو (^٤) بنِ مُساوِرٍ العِجلِيِّ، عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَم يُرِدْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَفَرًا إلَّا قال حينَ يَنهَضُ مِن جُلوسِه: \"اللَّهُمَّ بكَ انتَشَرْتُ، وإلَيكَ تَوَجَّتُ، وبِكَ اعتَصَمتُ، أنتَ ثِقَتِي ورَجائي، اللَّهُمَّ اكفِنِي ما أهَمَّنِي، وما لا أهتَمُّ به، وما أنتَ أعلَمُ به مِنِّي، اللَّهُمَّ زَوِّدْنِي التَّقْوَي، واغفِز لِي ذَنبِي، ووَجِّهْنِي إلَى\n_________\n(^١) الضبنة بضم الضاد وكسرها: ما تحت يدك من مال وعيال ومن تلزمك نفقته، سموا ضبنة لأنهم في ضبن من يعولهم، والضبن: ما بين الكشح والإبط، تعوذ بالله من كثرة العيال في مظنة الحاجة، وهو السفر. النهاية ٣/ ٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١١)، وابن حبان (٢٧١٦) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وعزاه الهيثمي في المجمع ١٠/ ١٣٠ لأحمد وغيره، وقال: ورجالهم رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الداري\". وينظر طبقات الصوفية ص ٣٧٨.\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"عمر\". وكذا أشار إليه في حاشية الأصل، وقد قيل فيه: عمرو. وقيل: عمر. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٩٨، والمجروحين ٢/ ٨٥، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٢٨٩.","vol":"10","page":521},{"text":"الخَيرِ حَيثُما تَوَجَّهتُ\" (^١). ثُمَّ يَخرُجُ. هَكَذا يَقولُه العَوَامُّ: بكَ انتشَرتُ. وأبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ ﵀ كان يقولُ: الصَّحِيحُ: \"ابتَسَرتُ\" (^٢). يَعنِي: ابتَدأتُ سَفَرِي (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2302>بابُ اليَومِ الَّذِي يُستَحَبُّ أنْ يَكُونَ خُروجُه فيهِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ الحِيريُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان يقولُ: لقَلَّما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ في سَفَرٍ لِجِهادٍ وغَيرِه، إلَّا يَومَ الخَميسِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" في حَديثِ تَوبَةِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الدِّينَوَرِيُّ محمدُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٧٧٠)، والطبراني في الدعاء (٨٠٥) من طريق المحاربي به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١٠/ ١٣٠: وفيه عمر بن مساور وهو ضعيف. وقال ابن حبان في ترجمة عمرو بن مساور: منكر الحديث جدًّا، يروى المناكير عن المشاهير، وينفرد عن الأثبات بما ليس من أحاديثهم ... ثم قال: لا يتابع عليه. ينظر المجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٨٥.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"ابتسبرت\". وينظر النهاية ١/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٧٢٧، ٧٢٨.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الآداب (٦٩٣) عن أبي عبد الله وحده. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٨٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥١٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٥٧٨١) من طريق يونس بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٤١٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩) مطولًا وليس فيه موضع الشاهد.","vol":"10","page":522},{"text":"مُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قَلَّما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ في سَفَرٍ إلَّا يَومَ الخَميسِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2303>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِهِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الباقِي بن قانِعٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الخَليلِ الرّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بن عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ وعَطاءٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِه يقولُ: \"باسمِ اللَّه، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ أنْ أزِلَّ أو أضِلَّ، أو أظلِمَ أو أُظلَمَ، أو أجهَلَ أو يُجهَلَ عليّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قال: باسمِ الله، تَوَكَّلتُ على اللَّه، لا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٠٥) عن سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٥٥٠١) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٦٧٠٤)، وأبو داود (٥٠٩٤)، والترمذي (٣٤٢٧)، وابن ماجة (٣٨٨٤) من طريق منصور به بنحوه. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":523},{"text":"حَوْلَ ولا قُوَّةَ إلَّا باللَّهِ. يُقالُ: وُقيتَ وكُفيتَ\" (^١).\nورَواه حَجَّاجُ بن محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وزادَ فيه: \"إذا خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِهِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2304>بابُ التَّوديعِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بن نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَة، أخبرَنا أبو جَعْفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عُمَرَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ قال: أرسَلَنِي ابنُ عُمَرَ إلَى حاجَةٍ، فأخَذَ بيَدِي وقالَ: أُوَدِّعُكَ كما ودَّعَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأرسَلَنِي إلَى حاجَةٍ له فقالَ: \"أستَودِعُ اللَّهَ دِينَكَ وأَمانَتَكَ وخَواتيمَ عَمَلِكَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن أحمدَ الخَزّازُ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنظَلَةُ بن أبي سُفيانَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أرَدتُ سَفَرًا. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: انتَظِرْ حَتَّى أوَدِّعَكَ كما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يوَدِّعُنا: \"أستَودِعُ اللَّهَ دَينَكَ وأَمانَتَكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٤٢٦) عن سعيد بن يحيى به، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٩٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٩١٧)، وابن حبان (٨٢٢) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٤٦) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأبو داود (٢٦٠٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عمر بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٦٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"الحرار\".","vol":"10","page":524},{"text":"وخَواتيمَ عَمَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن سعيدٍ المقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهو يُريدُ سَفَرًا، فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوصيكَ بتَقوَى اللَّهِ والتَّكبيرِ على كلِّ شَرَفٍ\". حَتَّى إذا أدبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ ازوِ له الأرضَ وهَوِّنْ عَلَيه السَّفَرَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفِرِيابِيُّ، وحَدَّثَنا حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عَاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمرَ - ﵁ - استأذَنَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في العُمرَة، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أشرِكْنا في صالِح دُعائِكَ ولا تَنسَنا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤١٠ - حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي (٨٨٠٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٣١) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) أخرج ابن حبان (٢٦٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٨٣١٠)، والترمذي (٣٤٤٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٣٩)، وابن ماجة (٢٧٧١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦١) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٢٧٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢٢٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢١١: وفيه عاصم بن عبيد الله بن عاصم، وفيه كلام كثير لغفلته، وقد وثق.","vol":"10","page":525},{"text":"حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ وعَمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ وحَجّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا عاصِمُ بن عُبَيدِ الله، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه استأذَنَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في عُمْرَةٍ فأذِنَ له وقالَ: \"لا تَنسَنا يا أخِي مِن دُعائِكَ\". قال: فقالَ لِي كَلِمَةً ما يَسُرُّنِيِّ أنَّ لِي بها الدُّنيا. قال شُعبَةُ: فلَقيتُ عاصِمًا بَعدُ بالمَدينَةِ فحَدَّثَنيه وقالَ فيه: \"أشرِكْنَا يا أُخَيَّ في دُعائِكَ\" (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ يوسُفَ قال في إسنادِه: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ. وقالَ في مَتنِه: فقالَ لِي كَلِمَةً ما أُحِبُّ أنَّ لِي بها الدُّنيا. وإِثباتُ \"أَخِي\" لي أوَّلِه، و\"أُخَيَّ\" في آخِرِه مِن جِهَتِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2305>بابُ ما يَقُولُ إذا رَكِبَ</span>\n\n١٠٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ عَليًّا الأزدِيَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ عَلَّمَه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا استَوَى على بَعيرِه خارِجًا إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٩٨) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٩٠) من طريق شعبة بنحوه. والترمذي (٣٥٦٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٨٩٤) من طريق عاصم بنحوه. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":526},{"text":"سَفَرٍ كَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ ﴿(١٣) وَإِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ١٣، ١٤] اللَّهُمَّ نَسأَلُكَ في سفَرِنا هذا البِرَّ والتَّقْوَى، ومِنَ العَمَلِ ما تُحِبُّ وتَرضَى، اللَّهُمَّ هَوِّنْ عَلَينا سفَرَنا واطوِ عَنَّا بُعدَه، اللَّهُمَّ أنتَ الصّاحِبُ في السَّفَر، والخَليفَةُ في الأهلِ، اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَعوذُ بكَ مِن وعْثاءِ السَّفَر، وكآبَةِ المُنقَلَبِ، وسوءِ المَنظَرِ فِي الأهلِ والمالِ\". قال: وإِذا رَجَعَ قالَهُنَّ وزادَ فيهِنَّ: \"آيِبُونَ تائبونَ لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدونَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنّا نَسأَلُكَ في مَسيرِنا هذا\". ولَم يَقُلْ: \"تُحِبُّ\". وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِن وعْثاءِ السَّفَر، وكآبَةِ المَنظَر، وسوءِ المُنقَلَبِ\". وزادَ: \"عابِدونَ لِرَبِّنا حامِدونَ\". والباقِي مِثلُه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبد اللهِ عن حَجَّاجٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٤١٢ - أخبرَنا علِيُّ بن محمدِ بنِ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: أخبرَنِي عليُّ بن رَبيعَةَ، أنَّه شَهِدَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - حينَ رَكِبَ، فلَمَّا وضَعَ رِجلَه في الرِّكابِ قال: باسمِ اللهِ. فلَمّا استَوَى قال: الحَمدُ للهِ. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ (١٣) وَإِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدعوات الكبير (٤٠٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٨٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٤٢) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٦٣٧٤)، وأبو داود (٢٥٩٩) من طريق ابن جريجٍ بنحوه. والترمذي (٣٤٤٧) من طريق أبي الكبير بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٢٥/ ١٣٤٢).","vol":"10","page":527},{"text":"لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ﴾. ثُمَّ حَمِدَ ثَلاثًا، وكَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا أنتَ، ظَلَمتُ نَفسِي فاغفِرْ لِي، إنَّه لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلَّا أنتَ. ثُمَّ ضَحِكَ فقيلَ: ما يُضحِكُكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَ مِثلَ ما فعَلتُ، وقالَ مِثلَ ما قُلتُ، ثُمَّ ضَحِكَ فقُلْنا: ما يُضحِكُكَ يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ؟ قال: \"العَبدُ - أو قال: عَجِبتُ لِلعَبدِ - إذا قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا أنتَ، ظَلَمتُ نَفسِي فاغفِرْ لِي، إنَّه لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلَّا أنتَ. يَعلَمُ أَنَّه لا يَغفِرُ الذُّنوبَ إلَّا هو\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤١٣ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، حَدَّثَنَا مَعمَرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: إذا رَكِبَ الرَّجُلُ الدَّابَّةَ فلَم يَذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ رَدِفَه الشَّيطانُ، فقالَ له: تَغَنَّ. فإِنْ لَم يُحسِنْ قال له: تَمَنَّ (^٢). مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٠٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن إسحاقَ الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣) التَّيمِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ (^٤) بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي لاسٍ الخُزاعِيِّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٤١)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٤٨٠) - وعنه أحمد (٧٥٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٠٢)، والترمذي (٣٤٤٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٩٩)، وابن حبان (٢٦٩٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٦٧).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٨١)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٨٧٨١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٤) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٠٧.","vol":"10","page":528},{"text":"حَمَلَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على إبِلٍ مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ ضِعافٍ لِلحَجِّ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما نَرَى أنْ تَحمِلَنا هَذِهِ؟ فقالَ: \"ما مِن بَعيرٍ إلَّا على ذَروَتِهِ شَيْطانٌ، فاذكُروا اسمَ اللهِ إذا رَكِبتُموها كما أمَرَكُم، ثُمَّ امتَهِنوها لأنفُسِكُم، فإِنَّما يَحمِلُ اللهُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2306>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا رأى قَريَةً يُريدُ دُخولَها</span>\n\n١٠٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَفصُ بن مَيْسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَروانَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ كَعبًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ صُهَيبًا صاحِبَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَرَ قَريَةً يُريدُ دُخولَها إلَّا قال حينَ يَراها: \"اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَواتِ السَّبعِ وما أظلَلْنَ، ورَبَّ الأرَضينَ السَّبعِ وما أقلَلْنَ، ورَبَّ الشَّياطينِ وما أضلَلْنَ، ورَبَّ الرِّياحِ وما ذَرَينَ، فإِنّا نَسأَلُكَ خَيرَ هذهِ القَريَةِ وخَيرَ أهلِها، ونَعوذُ بكَ مِن شَرِّها وشَرِّ أهلِها وشَرِّ ما فيها\" (^٢). ذِكرُ \"أبيه\" سَقَطَ مِن رِوايَةِ أبي زَكَريّا وأبِي بكرٍ، وهو في رِوايَةِ أبي عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٤٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٤٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٣٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٧) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدعوات الكبير (٤١٤) عن أبي عبد الله وأبى زكريا، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠٠ وصححه.\nوأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠١٤: له علة، قال النسائي: أبو مروان ليس بمعروف.","vol":"10","page":529},{"text":"الحافظ، وهو فيه؛ فقَد رَواه ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ كَذَلِكَ (^١). وقالَ سَعدُ (^٢) بن عبد الحَميدِ عن ابنِ أبي الزِّنادِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَروانَ عن أبيه عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُغيثٍ عن كَعبٍ عن صُهَيبٍ (^٣).\nوروِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي مَروانَ الأسلَمِيِّ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إلَى خَيبَرَ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2307>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا جَنَّ عَلَيه اللَّيلُ وهو في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٠٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بن عبد اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو المُغيرَة، حَدَّثَنَا صَفوانُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيحُ بن عُبَيدٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ الوَليدِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا غَزا أو سافَرَ فأدرَكَه اللَّيلُ قال: \"يا أرضُ، رَبِّي ورَبُّكِ اللهُ، أعوذُ باللهِ مِن شَرِّك، وشَرِّ ما فيك، وشَرِّ ما خُلِقَ فيك، وشَرِّ ما دَبَّ عَلَيك، أعوذُ باللهِ مِن شَرِّ كُلِّ أسَدٍ، وأَسوَدَ، وحَيَّةٍ وعَقرَبٍ، ومِن ساكِنِ البَلَد، ومِن شَرِّ والِدٍ وما ولَدَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧١، والمحاملي في الدعاء (٤٥) من طريق ابن أبي أويس به.\n(^٢) في م: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٧٩)، والمحاملي في الدعاه (٤٣) من طريق سعد بن عبد الحميد به.\n(^٤) أخرج البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٢، والمحاملي في الدعاء (٤٧) من طريق أبي مروان به.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدعوات الكبير (٤١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٦١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٨٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٢) من طريق أبي المغيرة به. وأبو داود (٢٦٠٣) من طريق صفوان به. وعند أبي داود من مسند عبد الله بن عمرو. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٦٠).","vol":"10","page":530},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2308>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا</span>\n\n١٠٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، أنَّ يَعقوبَ بنَ عبد اللهِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِع بُسرَ بنَ سعيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: سَمِعتُ خَولَةَ بنتَ حَكيمٍ الأسلَميَّةَ تَقولُ: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا ثُمَّ قال: أعوذُ بكَلِماتِ اللّهِ التَّامَّاتِ مِن شَرِّ ما خَلَقَ. لَم يَضُرُّه شَيءٌ حَتَّى يَرتَحِلَ من مَنزِلِهِ ذَلِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وابنِ الرُّمحِ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ ابنُ البَياضِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الخرقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا لَم يَرتَحِلْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ فيه رَكعَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2309>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا خافَ قَومًا</span>\n\n١٠٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٢٢)، والترمذي (٣٤٣٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦٦) من طريق الليث به. وابن حبان (٢٧٠٠) من طريق يزيد بن أبي حبيب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٠٨/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٧٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٦٠) من طريق عثمان بن سعد به.","vol":"10","page":531},{"text":"يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسٌ الأسفاطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا خافَ قَومًا قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أجعَلُكَ في نُحورِهِم، وأَعوذُ بِكَ مِن شُرورِهِم\". وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ: عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا دَعا على قَومٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٠٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا خافَ قَومًا قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنَّا نَجعَلُكَ في نُحُورِهِم، ونعوذ بِكَ مِن شُرورِهِم\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2310>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَعليقِ الأجراسِ وتَقليدِ الأوتارِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي العَلاءُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٥٢٦)، وعنه أحمد (١٩٧١٩).\n(^٢) وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٢٠)، وأبو داود (١٥٣٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٧٦٥) من طريق معاذ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٣٦٠).","vol":"10","page":532},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجَرَسُ مَزاميرُ الشَّيْطانِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: \"مِزمارُ الشَّياطينِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" وعن قُتَيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضْلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَصْحَبُ المَلائكَةُ رُفقَةً فيها جَرَسٌ أو كَلبٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\nوروِيَ في الجَرَسِ عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٠٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي وإِسحاقُ بن بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا بكرُ بن مُضَرَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عِواكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبي الجَرّاحِ مَولَى أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَصحَبُ المَلائكَةُ الرُّفقَةَ التي\n_________\n(^١) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٢٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٥١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨١٢).\nوأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٤) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وابن حبان (٤٧٠٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو داود (٢٥٥٦) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٤/ ٢١١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٣) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٧٥٦٦)، وأبو داود (٢٥٥٥)، والترمذي (١٧٠٣)، وابن حبان (٤٧٠٣) من طريق سهيل بن أبي صالح به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١١٣/ .....).","vol":"10","page":533},{"text":"فيها الجَرَسُ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَبَّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، أنَّ أبا بَشيرٍ الأنصارِيَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه. قال: فأرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رسولًا. قال عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرٍ: حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: والنّاسُ في مَبيتِهِم: \"لا يَبْقَيَنَّ في رَقَبَةِ بعيرٍ قِلادَةٌ مِن وتَرٍ، أو قِلادَةٌ إلَّا قُطِعَت\". قال مالِكٌ: أَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ العَينِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2311>بابُ النَّهي عن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٠٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِث، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نُهِيَ عن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٧٠)، وأبو داود (٢٥٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨١١)، وابن حبان (٤٧٠٠) من طريق سالم بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٢٧).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٣٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٨٨٧)، وأبو داود (٢٥٥٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٠٨)، وابن حبان (٤٦٩٨). وعند النسائي من حديث رجل من الأنصار ولم يسم بشيرًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٠٥)، ومسلم (٢١١٥/ ١٠٥).\n(^٤) الجلالة: التي تأكل العذرة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ١٦٧.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٩٣١)، وأبو داود (٢٥٥٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٣٠). وسيأتي في (١٩٥٠٠).","vol":"10","page":534},{"text":"ورَواه عمرُو بن أبي قَيسٍ عن أيّوبَ فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٠٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ هو الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَسْوَدُ بن عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن سلَمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الشُّربِ مِن فِي السِّقاء، وعن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَة، وعن المُجَثَّمَةِ (^٢) (^٣).\nوروِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2312>بابُ النَّهي عن لَعْنِ البَهيمَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٥٨) من طريق عمرو بن أبي قيس به.\n(^٢) المجثمة: هي كلّ حيوان ينصب ويرمى ليقتل، إلَّا أنَّها تكثر في الطير والأرانب وأشباه ذلك مما يجثم بالأرض، أي: يلزمها ويلتصق بها. معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٧٣، والنهاية ١/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٢٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠٢ كلاهما من طريق جعفر وحده وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧١٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٢) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢١٦١) من طريق قتادة، وفيه: والجلالة. ولم يذكر الركوب. والترمذي (١٨٢٥)، والنسائي (٤٤٦٠)، وابن حبان (٥٣٩٩) من طريق قتادة، وفيه: \"لبن الجلالة\". وسيأتي في (١٩٥٠٢).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٩٥٠٥).","vol":"10","page":535},{"text":"ابنُ سَلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عبد المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المُهَلَّب، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ وامرأَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ على ناقَةٍ لها، فضَجِرَت فلَعَنَتها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَلُّوا عَنها وعَرُّوها، فإِنَّها مَلعونَةٌ\". قال: فكانَ لا يأويها (^١) أحَدٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن عبد الوَهَّابِ (^٣).\nورَواه حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ عن أيُّوبَ قال في الحَديثِ: \"ضَعوا عَنها فإنَّها مَلعونَةٌ\". فوَضَعوا عَنها. قال عِمرانُ: كأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَيها ناقَةً ورقاءَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِكِ الواسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن أبي بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ قال: بَينَما جاريَةٌ على راحِلَةٍ - أو بَعيرٍ - عَلَيها بَعضُ مَتاعِ القَومِ بَينَ جَبَلَينِ، فتَضايَقَ بها الجَبَلُ، فأتَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأبصَرَته، فجَعَلَت تَقولُ: حَلْ (^٥) اللَّهُمَّ العَنْه، حَلْ اللَّهُمَّ العَنْه. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صاحِبُ الجاريَةِ؟\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطت في الأصل وكتب فوقها: كذا.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٦١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٥٩) من طريق أيوب بنحوه. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨١٦)، وابن حبان (٥٧٤٠) من طريق أبي قلابة بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٩٥/ ٨١).\n(^٤) ورقاء: لونها بين السواد والغبرة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٦٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٦١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٤١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٥) حل: زجر للناقة على النهوض والانبعاث. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٩٥.","vol":"10","page":536},{"text":"[مَن صاحِبُ الجاريَةِ] (^١)؟ لا تُصاحِبُنا راحِلَةٌ أو بَعيرٌ عَلَيها لَعنَةٌ\" (^٢). أو كما قال. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن التَّيمِيِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2313>بابُ النَّهي عن الضَّربِ في الوَجهِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ الأعوَرُ المَصِّيصِيُّ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَير، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الوَسمِ في الوَجه، والضَّربِ في الوَجهِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الحَمّالِ عن حَجّاجٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2314>بابُ كَراهيَةِ دَوامِ الوُقوفِ على الدّابَّةِ لِغَيِر حاجَةٍ، وتَركِ النُّزُولِ عَنها لِلحاجَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي عمرٍو السَّيبانِيِّ، عن أبي مَريَمَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيَّايَ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٨٩)، وابن حبان (٥٧٤٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٩٦).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٢٤)، والترمذي (١٧١٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥١) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١١٦/ .....).\n(^٦) في م: \"إياكم\". والمشهور في التحذير أن يكون بصيغة الخطاب، وقد يكون بصيغة المتكلم. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٣٢.","vol":"10","page":537},{"text":"أنْ تَتَّخِذوا ظُهورَ دَوابِّكُم مَنابِرَ، فإنَّ اللهَ ﷿ إنَّما سَخَّرَها لَكُم لِتُبَلِّغَكُم إلَى بَلَدٍ لَم تَكونوا بالِغِيه إلَّا بشِقِّ الأَنْفُسِ، وجَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأرضَ، فعَلَيها فاقضوا حاجاتِكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبابَةُ بن سَوَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيث بن سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"اركَبوا هذه الدَّوابَّ سالمَةً، وايَتِدِعوها (^٢) سالمَةً ولا تَتَّخِذوها كَرَاسِيَّ\" (^٣). كَذا وجَدتُه في \"المستدرك\" وأظُنُّه آدَمَ بنَ أبي إياسٍ بَدَلَ شَبابَةَ بنَ سَوَّارٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٤٣٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإسنادِه مِثلَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٣٤)، وأبو داود (٢٥٦٧). وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٨٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٣٨).\n(^٢) ايتدعوها: أي اتركوها ورفهوا عنها إذا لَمْ تحتاجوا إلى ركوبها. النهاية ٥/ ١٦٦.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤٤ وصححه. وفيه: عن معاذ بن أنس عن أبيه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٤٤) من طريق شبابة به. وأحمد (١٥٦٣٩)، وابن حبان (٥٦١٩) من طريق الليث به بنحوه. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠١٨: سهل فيه لين.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٣/ ٢٧ عن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن ملحان به.","vol":"10","page":538},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2315>بابُ النُّزُولِ لِلرَّواحِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ الدَّغُولِيُّ ببُخارَى، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُهزاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَزيرِ (^١) محمدُ بن أعيَنَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى الفَجرَ في السَّفَرِ مَشَى (^٢). زادَ فيه غَيرُه: مَشَى قَليلًا وناقَتُه تُقادُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2316>بابٌ في الجَنائبِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي يَحيَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَكونُ إبِلٌ لِلشَّياطينِ وبُيوتٌ لِلشَّياطينِ؛ فأَمَّا إبلُ الشَّياطينِ فقَد رأَيتُها يَخْرُجُ أحَدُكُم بنَجيباتٍ (^٤) مَعَه قَد أسمَنَها، فلا يَعلو بَعيرًا مِنها، ويَمُرُّ بأَخيه قَدِ انْقُطِعَ به، فلا يَحمِلُه، وأَمّا بُيوتُ الشَّياطينِ فلَم أرَها\". كان سعيدٌ يقولُ: لا أُراها إلَّا هذه الأقفاصَ التي يَستُرُ النّاسُ بالدِّيباجِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"الزبير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٩٥١) من طريق ابن قهزاذ به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢١٥: وفيه محمد بن علي المروزي، وفيه كلام، وقد وثق.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٣٦) من طريق ابن قهزاذ به.\n(^٤) في أبي داود: \"بجنيبات\"، وقال أبو الطيب: جمع جنيبة، وهي الدابة التي لا تقاد، والمراد التي ليس عليها راكب ... وفي بعض النسخ: \"بنجيبات\" جمع نجيبة وهي الناقة المختارة. عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٣٢.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٥٦٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٥٣).","vol":"10","page":539},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2317>بابُ كَيفَيَّةِ السَّيرِ والتَّعريسِ وما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ الدُّلْجَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٣٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حَفصِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هُريرةَ، أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا سافَرْتُم في الخِصبِ فأَعطوا الإبِلَ حَظَّها مِنَ الأرض، وإِذا سافَرْتُم في السَّنَةِ - أو في الجَدبِ - فأَسرِعوا عَلَيها السَّيرَ (^١)، وإِذا عَرَّستُم باللَّيلِ فاجتَنِبوا الطَّريقَ؛ فإنَّه مأوَى الهَوامِّ باللَّيلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميد، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بن أبي صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: أو في الجَدبِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بِمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن الفَضلِ البَلخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بن يَزيدَ العُمَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٤٢)، وأبو داود (٢٥٦٩)، والترمذي (٢٨٥٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠٣) من طريق سهيل به بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٤٣). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٧)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠٥) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٢٦/ ١٧٨).","vol":"10","page":540},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكُم بالدُّلْجَةِ؛ فإنَّ الأرضَ تُطوَى باللَّيلِ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ عن عمرِو بنِ عليٍّ عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٣٨ - وأخبرنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي رُوَيمٌ يَعنِي ابنَ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بن مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أخصَبَتِ الأرضُ فأنزِلوا عن ظَهرِكُم وأَعطوا حَقَّه الكَلَأَ، وإِذا أجدَبَتِ الأرضُ فامضُوا عَلَيها، وعَلَيكُم بالدُّلْجة، فإنَّ الأرضَ تُطوَى باللَّيلِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن رِبحٍ السَّمّاكُ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا عَرَّسَ بلَيلٍ اضطَجَعَ على يَمينِه، وإِذا عَرَّسَ قُبيلَ الصُّبحِ نَصَبَ ذِراعَه نَصبًا، ووَضَعَ رأسَه على كفِّه. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبد اللَّه، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا عَرَّسَ وعَلَيه لَيلٌ تَوَسَّدَ يَمينَه، فإِذا عَرَّسَ قُربَ الصُّبحِ وضَعَ رأسَه على كَفِّه اليُمنَى، فأقامَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٤. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠١٩: قال ابن عدي في خالد: لا يتابع على رواياته.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٥٧١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٤١).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٦٣١٥)، وأبو يعلى (٣٦١٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٥) من طريق رويم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢١٣: رواه البزار ورجاله رجال الصحيح خلا رويم المعولى وهو ثقة. كذا نَسَبَه المعولي، وفي مسند البزار: المقرئ، ولعله هو الصواب. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٢٣، والثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٢٤٥.","vol":"10","page":541},{"text":"ساعَةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمَّاد بنِ سلَمةَ باللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2318>بابُ كَراهيَةِ السَّيِر في أوَّلِ اللَّيلِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُرسِلوا فواشيَكُم (^٣) وصِبيانَكُم إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ حَتَّى تَذهَبَ فحمَةُ العِشاءِ (^٤)، فإنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَبْعَثُ إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ حَتَّى تَذهَبَ فحمَةُ العِشاءِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2319>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ المَشي إذا عَيِيَ</span>\n\n١٠٤٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٣٤، وابن البختري في مجموع مصنفاته (٦٨٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٤٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٥٨)، وابن حبان (٦٤٣٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨٣/ ٣١٣).\n(^٣) الفواشى: كلّ شئ منتشر من المال مثل الغنم السائمة والإبل وغيرها، سميت فاشية لأنَّها تفشو أي: تظهر وتنتشر. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٤١، وغريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٦٧٧، وغريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) فحمة العشاء: شدة سواد الليل وظلمته، وإنما يكون ذلك في أوله. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الآداب (٥٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٠٤) من طريق أبي خيثمة به. وابن خزيمة (١٣٢)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٢٧٥) من طريق أبي الزبير بنحوه.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٠١٣/ ٩٨).","vol":"10","page":542},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ السَّعدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: شَكا ناسٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - المَشيَ فدَعا بهِم فقالَ: \"عَلَيكُم بالنَّسَلانِ (^١) \". فنَسَلْنا فوَجَدناه أخَفَّ عَلَينا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2320>بابُ كَراهيَةِ السَّفَرِ وحدَه</span>\n\n١٠٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ الحيرِيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رَجُلًا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن صَحِبَكَ؟ \". قال: ما صَحِبتُ أحَدًا. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الرَّاكِبُ شَيْطانٌ، والرّاكِبانِ شَيْطانان، والثَّلاثَةُ رَكبٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٤٣ - قال ابنُ حَرمَلَةَ: وسَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: قال\n_________\n(^١) النسلان: أي؛ الإسراع في المشي. النهاية ٥/ ٤٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٣٧) من طريق روح به.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٧٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٦٠٧)، والترمذي (١٦٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٤٨) من طريق ابن حرملة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٧٠) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب بنحوه، كلهم بدون ذكر قصة الرجل في أوله. وهو عند الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٢ عن أبي العباس عن محمد بن عبد الله عن محمد بن إسماعيل عن عبد الرَّحمن بن حرملة به بذكر قصة الرجل في أوله. وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"10","page":543},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إِنَّ الشَّيطانَ يَهُمُّ بالواجدِ ويَهُمُّ بالاثْنَين، فإذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً لَم يَهُمُّ بهِم\" (^١). إلَّا أنَّ مالكًا لَم يَذكُرْ في الحَديثِ أنَّ رَجُلًا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ. إنَّما ذَكَرَ قَولَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هذا كُلَّه.\n\n١٠٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الأسفاطِيُّ يَعنِي عباسَ بنَ الفَضل، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو يَعلَمُ النَّاسُ ما في الوَحدَةِ ما سارَ راكِبٌ بلَيلٍ وحْدَهُ أَبَدًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي نُعَيمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي الوَليدِ قال: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو تَعلَمون ما في الوَحدَةِ ما سارَ راكِبٌ بلَيلٍ أبَدًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ وأبِي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2321>بابُ القَومِ يُؤَمِّرونَ أحَدَهُمْ إذا سافَرُوا</span>\n\n١٠٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن بَحرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٧٠)، والترمذي (١٦٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٥١)، وابن ماجة (٣٧٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠٤) من طريق عاصم بن محمد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٩٨).","vol":"10","page":544},{"text":"ابنُ إسمَاعيلَ [(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ مُساوِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَبّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمٌ] (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هُريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا كان ثَلاثَةٌ في سَفَرٍ فلْيُؤَمِّروا أحَدَهُم\". قال نافِعٌ: فقُلتُ لأبِي سلَمةَ: أنتَ أميرُنا\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن بَحرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بن إسمَاعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إذا كانوا ثَلاثَةً\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٤٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن بَحرِ بنِ بَرِّيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بن إسمَاعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا خَرَجَ ثَلاثةٌ في سَفَرٍ فليُؤَمِّروا أحَدَهُم\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2322>بابُ الإمامِ يَلتَزِمُ السَّاقَةَ</span>\n\n١٠٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٤٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٠٩)، وفيه: إذا كان. وذكره عبد الحق في الأحكام الوسطى ٢/ ٣٦١ عنه بلفظ: إذا كانوا. وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٧٥٣٩) من طريق علي بن بحر به بلفظ: إذا كانوا. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٧٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٦٠٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٧٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"10","page":545},{"text":"إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَّاجُ بن أبي عثمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتَخَلَّفُ في المَسير، فيُزجِي الضَّعيفَ، ويُردِفُ ويَدعو لَهُم (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2323>بابُ فضلِ الخِدمَةِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُسلِمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن أيُّوبَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَرعَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: صَحِبتُ جَريرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ وكانَ يَخدُمُنِي، وكانَ أكبَرَ مِن أنَسٍ قال جَريرٌ: رأيتُ الأنصارَ يَصنَعونَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَيئًا لا أرَى أحَدًا مِنهُم إلَّا أكرَمتُه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن نَصرِ بنِ عليٍّ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2324>بابُ الإردافِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في أحاديثَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في إردافِه الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ، وفِي\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٥٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ١١٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٣٩) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) ينظر الآداب للمصنف ص ٤٣٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (١٣٥٩)، والطبراني (٢٢١٨) من طريق محمد بن عرعرة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٨٨)، ومسلم (٢٥١٣/ ١٨١).","vol":"10","page":546},{"text":"إردافِه أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ النَّصراباذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن حُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي بُرَيدَةَ يقولُ: بَينَما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَمشِي إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ مَعَه حِمارٌ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، اركَبْ وأتأخَّرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا، أنتَ أحَقُّ بصَدرِ دابَّتِكَ مِنِّي، تَرَى أنْ تَجعَلَه لِي؟ \". قال: فإِنِّي قَد جَعَلْتُه لَك (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٥١ - أرسَلَه غَيرُه عن عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبيبُ بن الشَّهيد، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَل أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بدابَّةٍ ليَركَبَها، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"رَبُّ الدَّابَّةِ أحَقُّ بصَدرِها\". قال مُعاذٌ: هِيَ لَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: فرَكِبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وأردَفَ مُعاذًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2325>بابُ الاعتِقَابِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ الجَوهَرِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧، ٩٥٩٣، ٩٦٠٢، ٩٦٠٨، ٩٨٠٧).\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٥١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٧٢)، والترمذي (٢٧٧٣) من طريق علي بن حسين بن واقد به، وقال: حسبن غريب من هذا الوجه. وأحمد (٢٢٩٩٢)، وابن حبان (٤٧٣٥) من طريق حسين بن واقد به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٨٦٦) عن معاذ بن معاذ به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٤٤٨) من طريق حبيب بن الشهيد به.","vol":"10","page":547},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن العَلاءِ بنِ كُرَيبٍ الهَمْدَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في قِصَّةِ هِجرَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وخُروجِه مِن مَكَّةَ مَعَ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ. قالَت: فلَمَّا خَرَجا خَرَجَ مَعَه عامِرُ بن فُهَيرَةَ يَعتَقِبانِه حَتَّى أَتَى المَدينَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٥٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: كُنَّا يَومَ بَدرٍ اثنَينِ على بَعيرٍ، وثَلَاثَةً على بَعيرٍ، وكانَ زَميلَى (^٣) رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عليٌّ وأبو لُبابَةَ الأنصارِيُّ - ﵃ -، وكانَت إذا حانَت عُقبَتُهُما (^٤) قالا: يا رسولَ الله، اركَبْ نَمشِي عَنكَ. قال: \"إنَّكُمَا لَستُما بأَقوَى على المَشي مِنِّي، ولا أرغَبَ (^٥) عن الأجرِ مِنكُما\" (^٦).\n\n١٠٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٢٧٩) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٩٣).\n(^٣) الزميل: الرفيق في السفر الذي يعينك على أمورك، وهو الرديف أيضًا. ينظر الفائق ٢/ ١٢، النهاية ٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٤) العقبة: النَّوبة ووقت الركرب. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ ومسند الطيالسي، وكذا ضبطت في نسخة الأصل عندنا، وفي الآداب للمصنف \"ولا أنا أرغب\"، وفي بقية المصادر: \"ولا - وما - أنا بأغنى\".\n(^٦) المصنّف في الآداب (٩٥٠)، والطيالسى (٣٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٠٧)، وابن حبان (٤٧٣٣) من طريق حماد بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٦٩: وفيه عاصم بن بهدلة وحدثه حسن، وبقية رجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.","vol":"10","page":548},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى - ﵁ - قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزاةٍ (^١) ونَحنُ سِتَّةُ نَفَرٍ بَينَنا بَعيرٌ نَعتَقِبُه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2326>بابُ المُناهَدَةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٠٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن وحشِيِّ بنِ حَربِ بنِ وحشِيٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه وحشِيِّ بنِ حَربٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا نأكُلُ وما نَشبَعُ! قال: \"فلَعَلَّكُم تَفتَرِقونَ عن طَعامِكُم، اجتَمِعوا عَلَيه واذكُروا اسمَ اللَّهِ تَعالَى يُبارَكْ لَكُم\" (^٥)،\n\n١٠٤٥٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"غزوة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٣٤) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤١٢٨)، ومسلم (١٨١٦/ ١٤٩).\n(^٤) المناهدة: استقسام النفقة بالسوية في السفر وغيره. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٤٤.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٧٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٨٦)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٩٩).","vol":"10","page":549},{"text":"نَزَلَت: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٢] عَزَلوا أموالَهُم عن أموالِ اليَتامَى، فجَعَلَ الطَّعامُ يَفسُدُ واللَّحمُ يُنتِنُ، فشَكَوا ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٠] قال: فخالَطوهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2327>بابُ الاختيارِ في التَّعجيلِ في القُفولِ إذا فرَغَ</span>\n\n١٠٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ سُمَيٌّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"السَّفَرُ قِطعَةٌ مِنَ العَذاب، يَمنَعُ أحَدَكم نَومَه وطَعامَه وشَرابَه، فإِذا قَضَى أحَدُكُم نَهمَتَه مِن وجهِه، فلْيُعجِّلْ إلَى أهلِه\"؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا (^٣) مالكٌ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبي بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٠٠) عن يحيى بن آدم به. وأبو داود (٢٨٧١)، والنسائي (٣٦٧٢) من طريق عطاء بنحره. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٩٥).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٨٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨٢)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٤٠) من طريق مالك به.","vol":"10","page":550},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى والقَعنَبِيِّ وغَيرِهِما (^١).\n\n١٠٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ محمدُ بن عثمانَ العُثمانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قَضَى أحَدُكُم حَجَّه فليُعَجِّلِ الرِّحلَةَ (^٢) إلَى أهلِه؛ فإِنَّه أعظَمُ لأجرِه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2328>بابُ ما يقولُ في القُفولِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بن محمدٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُهُم، أنَّ نافِعًا، حَدَّثَهُم عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قَفَلَ مِن غَزوٍ أو حَجٍّ أو عُمْرَةٍ يُكَبِّرُ على كُلِّ شَرَفٍ مِنَ الأرضِ ثَلاثَ تَكبيراتٍ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، لَه المُلكُ ولَه الحَمدُ وهو\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٠٤، ٣٠٠١، ٥٤٢٩)، ومسلم (١٩٢٧/ ١٧٩).\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الرحل\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٧٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ٣٠٠ من طريق أبي مروان به. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٢٢: سنده قوي، لم يخرجوه.","vol":"10","page":551},{"text":"على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ، آيِبونَ تائبونَ عابِدونَ ساجِدونَ، لِرَبِّنا حامِدونَ، صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وعدَه، ونَصَرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٦١ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وصالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن سالِم، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، (ح) وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ مَرَّةً، حدثنا صالِحُ بن كَيسانَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا قَفَلَ مِن حَجٍّ أو عمرَةٍ أو غَزوٍ أوفَى (^٣) على فدفَدٍ (^٤) مِنَ الأرضِ قال: \"تائبونَ إنْ شاءَ اللهُ، عابِدونَ حامِدونَ، صَدَقَ اللهُ وعدَه، ونَصرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ صالِحٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ مالكٍ (^٦).\n\n١٠٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٢٢)، ومالك ١/ ٤٢١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٧٣)، وابن حبان (٢٧٠٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (٩٥٠) من طريق أيوب عن نافع بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٩٧)، ومسلم (١٣٤٤/ ...).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وفي البخاري: كلما أوفى، وفي مسلم: إذا أوفى، وفي النسائي وأحمد: فأوفى.\n(^٤) الفدفد: الموضع الذي فيه غلظ وارتفاع. النهاية ٣/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٧٤) من طريق سفيان عن عبيد الله وصالح بن كيسان به. وأحمد (٤٥٦٩) عن سفيان عن صالح به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٩٩٥)، ومسلم (١٣٤٤/ ٤٢٨).","vol":"10","page":552},{"text":"عِمرانُ والوَزّانُ قالا: حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا إذا صَعِدْنا كَبَّرْنا، وإِذا تَصوَّبْنا سَبَّحْنا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بندارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2329>بابُ: لا يَطرُقُ أهلَه لَيلًا لَكِنْ يَقدَمُ غُدوَةً أو عَشيَّةً</span>\n\n١٠٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هارونُ بن (^٣) الفَرْوِيِّ، حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ، عن (^٣) عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا خَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ صَلَّى في مَسجِدِ الشَّجَرَة، وإِذا رَجَعَ صَلَّى بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ ببَطنِ الوادِي، وباتَ بها حَتَّى يُصبحَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ وغَيرِه عن أبي ضَمرَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو البَختَرِيِّ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بن يَحيَى، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٢٩٩٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٧٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٦٢) من طريق سفيان الثوري وابن فضيل عن حصين بنحوه.\n(^٢) بل أخرجه البخاري (٢٩٩٤) عن بندار به. وهذا الحديث من أفراد البخاري، وليس في مسلم. وانظر الجمع بين الصحيحين للحميدى (١٥٩٩)، وتحفة الأشراف (٢٢٤٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٣٣، ١٧٩٩).","vol":"10","page":553},{"text":"أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَطرُقُ أهلَه لَيلًا، يَقدَمُ غُدوَةً أو عَشيَّةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، ورَواه البخاريُ عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَطرُقُ أهلَه لَيلًا؛ لا يَقدَمُ إلا غُدوَةً أو عَشيَّةً (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَة، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مُحارِبُ بن دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ أنْ يأتِيَ الرَّجُلُ أهلَه طُروقًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣١١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٤٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٢٨/ ١٨٠)، والبخاري (١٨٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الآداب (٩٦١) عن أبي عبد الله عن إسماعيل الصفار به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩١)، وأبو داود (٢٧٧٦) من طريق شعبه به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٤١) من طريق سفيان عن محارب بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٢٤٣)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١٨٥).","vol":"10","page":554},{"text":"١٠٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَيّارٍ سَمِعَ الشَّعبِيَّ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أنْ يَطرُقَ الرَّجُلُ أهلَه لَيلًا حَتَّى تَمتَشِطَ الشَّعِثَةُ، وتَستَحِدَّ المُغِيبَةُ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2330>بابُ التَّلَقِّي</span>\n\n١٠٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ والمُقَدَّمِيُّ يَعنِي محمدَ بنَ أبي بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ فاستَقبَلَه أُغَيلِمَةٌ مِن بَنِي عبد المُطلِب، فجَعَل واحِدًا مِن بَينِ يَدَيه وآخَرَ خَلفَه (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ المِنهال، حدثنا يَزيدُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الاستحداد: حلق العانة بالحديد. والمغيبة: التي غاب عنها زوجها. النهاية ١/ ٣٥٣، ٣/ ٣٩٩.\nوالحديث عند الطيالسي (١٨٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٢٢) من طريق شعبة بنحوه. وأبو داود (٢٧٧٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢٧١٤) من طريق سيار بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٤٦)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١٨٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٩٦٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٨٩٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (٢٢٥٩) من طريق خالد بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧٩٨).","vol":"10","page":555},{"text":"١٠٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن مُوَرِّقٍ العِجلِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ تُلُقِّيَ بصِبيانِ أهلِ بَيتِه، وإِنَّه قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ فسُبِقَ بي إلَيه، فحَمَلَنِي بَينَ يَدَيه، ثُمَّ جِيءَ بأحَدِ ابنَي فاطِمَةَ - ﵄ -، فأردَفَه خَلفَه. قال: فأُدخِلْنا (^١) المَدينَةَ ثَلاثَةً على دابَّةٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حاتِمٍ المُزَكِّي بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن رَوحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أقبَلْنا مِن مَكَّةَ في حَجٍ أو عُمْرَةٍ، وأُسَيدُ بن حُضَيرٍ يَسيرُ بَينَ يَدَي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فتَلَقَّانا غِلمانٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ كانوا يَتَلَقَّونَ أهاليَهُم إذا قَدِموا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2331>بابُ الإسراعِ إذا قَرُبَ مِن بَلَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا عليُ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فدخلنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وأبو داود (٢٥٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٧٣) من طريق عاصم بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٦/ ٢٤٢٨).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به مطولًا.","vol":"10","page":556},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسًا يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ فأبصَرَ جُدرانَ المَدينَةِ أوضَعَ ناقَتَه، وإِنْ كانَت دابَّةً حَرَّكَها. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^١). زادَ فيه إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ عن حُمَيدٍ: مِن حُبِّها.\n\n١٠٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُ بن الحَسَنِ (^٢) يَعنِي الهِسِنجانِيَّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ فنَظَرَ إلَى جُدرانِ المَدينَةِ أوضَعَ راحِلَتَه، وإِنْ كان على دابَّةٍ حَرَّكَها مِن حُبِّها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2332>بابُ الصَّلاةِ عِندَ القُدومِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٠٢).\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٨٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦١٩)، والترمذي (٣٤٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٤٨)، وابن حبان (٢٧١٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٨٦).","vol":"10","page":557},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ أخبَرَه، عن أبيه وعَمِّه عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان لا يَقدَمُ مِن سَفَرٍ إلَّا نَهارًا، فإِذا قَدِمَ بَدأ بالمَسجِدِ فصَلَّى فيه رَكعَتَين، ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي موسَى عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2333>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ قَولِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٩]</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ ومحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ البِسطامِيُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بن الحُباب، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ يقولُ: كانَتِ الأنصارُ إذا حَجّوا فجاءوا، لا يَدخُلونَ مِن أبوابِ بُيوتِهِم، ولَكِنْ مِن ظُهورِها، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فدَخَلَ مِن قِبَلِ بابِه، فكأنَّه عُيِّرَ بذَلِكَ، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا﴾ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليد، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٦٤)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣١٨. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٧٥) من طريق أبي عاصم بنحوه. وأحمد (١٥٧٧٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٨١) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه. وسيأتي في (١٧٩٢٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٨٨)، ومسلم (٧١٦/ ٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٥١) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":558},{"text":"مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2334>بابُ الطَّعامِ عِندَ القُدومِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ نَحَرَ جَزورًا أو بَقَرَةً (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2335>بابُ الدُّعاءِ لِلحاجِّ ودُعاءُ الحاجِّ</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ المَرورّوذِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اغفِر لِلحاجِّ ولمنِ استَغفَرَ له الحاجُّ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2336>بابُ فضلِ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٨٠٣)، ومسلم (٣٠٢٦/ ٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢١٣)، وأبو داود (٣٧٤٧) من طريق وكيع به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٨٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٤١١٢)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٤١ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥١٦) من طريق الحسين بن محمد به.","vol":"10","page":559},{"text":"النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبي بكرِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّان، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَةُ إلَى العُمرَةِ كَفّارَةٌ لما بَينَهُما، والحَجُّ المَبرورُ لَيسَ له جَزاءٌ إلَّا الجَنَّةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرقِيّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ (^٣) سخْتُويَه بن مازَيَارَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن مَسعَدةَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن سُمَيٍّ مَولَى أبي بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا عمرُو بن محمدٍ العَنقَزِيُّ، عن مِسعَرٍ وسُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٧١٧)، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٤٨)، والنسائي (٢٦٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨٨)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٧٣)، ومسلم (١٣٤٩/ ٤٣٧).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٧٩٥).","vol":"10","page":560},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حَجَّ فلَم يَرفُثْ ولَم يَفسُقْ رَجَعَ كَيَومَ ولَدَته أُمُّه\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الفَقيهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: وقالَ: \"ثُمَّ رَجَعَ (^١)، رَجَعَ كما ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مِسعَرٍ وسُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حَجَّ هذا البَيتَ فلَم يَرفُثْ ولَم يَفسُقْ، رَجَعَ كَيَومَ ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٤٨٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبد الوَهّابِ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٠٨٨، ٤٠٨٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٤) من طريق مسعر به، وتقدم في (٩٤٣٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٥٠/ ...)، والبخاري (١٨٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣١١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٨١٩)، ومسلم (١٣٥٠/ ...).","vol":"10","page":561},{"text":"ابنِ يِسافٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أتَى هذا البَيتَ - يَعنِي الكَعبَةَ - فلَم يَرفُثْ ولَم يَفسُق رَجَعَ كَيَومَ ولَدَته أُمُّه\" (^١).\n\n١٠٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مُنقِذِ بنِ عبد اللهِ الخَولانيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ سُهَيلَ بنَ أبي صالِحٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وفدُ اللهِ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ الغازِي والحاجُّ والمُعتَمرُ\" (^٢). هكذا وجَدتُه، وكَذا روِي عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن سُهَيلٍ.\n\n١٠٤٨٥ - ورَواه وُهَيبٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن مِرداسٍ، عن كَعبٍ قال: \"الوُفودُ ثَلاثةٌ؛ الغازِي في سَبيلِ الله وافدٌ على الله، والحاجُّ إلَى بَيتِ الله، والمُعتَمرُ وافِدٌ على الله، ما أهَلَّ مُهلٍّ، ولا كبَّرَ مُكَبِّرٌ إلَّا قيلَ: أبشِر\". قال مِرداسٌ: بماذا؟ قال: بالجَنَّةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٤٩٠ من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير بنحوه. والرافعي في أخبار قزوين ٤/ ٤٣ من طريق سفيان عن منصور بنحوه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥١١) عن إبراهيم بن منقذ به. والنسائي (٢٦٢٤)، وابن حبان (٣٦٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤١٠١). وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ١٢٦، ١٢٧ من طريق روح بن القاسم ووهيب به نحوه.","vol":"10","page":562},{"text":"١٠٤٨٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ إملاءً ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاق إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الدَّيبُليُّ في المَسجِدِ الحَرام، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِر، حدثنا صالِحُ بن عبد اللَّهِ مَولًى لِبَنِي عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَعقوبُ بن عَبّادِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الحاجُّ والعُمَّارُ وفدُ الله، إنْ دَعَوه أجابَهُم، وإِنْ استَغفَروه غَفَرَ لَهُم\" (^١). صالِحُ بن عبد اللَّهِ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الأعمالِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"الإيمانُ باللَّهِ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ حَجٌّ مَبرورٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤١٠٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٩٢) عن إبراهيم بن المنذر به.\n(^٢) هو صالح بن عبد الله بن صالح العامري مولاهم المدني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٨٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٦٤، والمغني في الضعفاء ١/ ٤٣٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٦١: مجهول.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٩٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٤١)، والنسائي (٢٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (١٥٣).\n(^٤) مسلم عقب (٨٣/ ١٣٥)، والبخاري (٢٦).","vol":"10","page":563},{"text":"١٠٤٨٨ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، وأبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي، وأبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السنوسِيُّ، وأبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ، وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ، وأبو القاسِمِ السَّرّاجُ قِراءَةً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الأُمَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، حدثنا أيّوبُ بن سُوَيدٍ (^١)، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ما برُّ الحَجِّ؟ قال: \"إطعامُ الطَّعام، وطيبُ الكَلامِ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أيّوبُ بن سوَيدٍ.\nورَواه سفيانُ بن حُسَينٍ (^٣) ومُحَمَّدُ بن ثابِتٍ (^٤) عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٠٤٨٩ - ورَواه الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ مُرسَلًا. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٤٧٤.\n(^٢) أبو العباس الأصم في مجموع مصنفاته (٣٣٣)، وعنه الحاكم ١/ ٤٨٣ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني في مكارم الأخلاق (١٦٨) من طريق أيوب بن سويد بنحوه. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٢٧: أيوب ضعفه أحمد.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في مداراة الناس (١١٢)، والمصنف في الشعب (٤١٢٠) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٨٢) من طريق محمد بن ثابت به بنحوه.","vol":"10","page":564},{"text":"ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن الوَليدِ (^١).\n\n١٠٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ البَيهَقِيَّ، حدثنا سعيدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بن خَليفَةَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بن المُسَيَّب، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ حَديثًا يَرفَعُه قال: \"يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: إن عبدًا أصحَحْتُ جِسمَه، وأوسَعتُ عَلَيه في المَعيشَة، تأتي عَلَيه خَمسَةُ أعوامٍ لَم يَفِدْ إلَيَّ لَمَحرومٌ\" (^٢).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن خَلَفٍ فقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣). وقيلَ: عن العَلاء، عن يونُسَ بنِ خَبّابٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ (^٤). وقيلَ عنه: مَوقوفًا. وقيلَ: مُرسَلًا (^٥).\nوروِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١٠٤٩١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ هِشامُ بن خالِدٍ الأزرَقُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) الكامل في الضعفاء ١/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٠٣١) من طريق خلف بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٠٦: رجاله رجال الصحيح. وذكره المصنف في الشعب عقب (٤١٣٢) عن سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٧٠٣) من طريق قتيبة عن خلف به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٤١٣٢)، والخطيب في تاريخه ٨/ ٣١٨ من طريق العلاء به. وفي الشعب: السائب. بدلًا من: المسيب.\n(^٥) ينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ١٨٣، ١٨٤، ٢٦٤، ٢٦٥، ٢٨٣،٢٨٢، وعلل الدارقطني ١١/ ٣١٠، ٣١١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٨٢٦) من طريق علاء موقوفًا بنحوه، وفيه: أربعة أعوام. والطبراني في الأوسط (٤٨٦) من طريق عبد الرزاق مرفوعًا.","vol":"10","page":565},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحٍ الأنماطيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"قال اللهُ ﷿: إنَّ عبدًا أصحَحتُ جِسمَه، وأوسَعتُ عَلَيه في الرِّزق، لا يَفِدُ إلَيَّ في كُلِّ خَمسَةِ أعوامٍ مَرَّةً، لمحرومٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ (^١).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ العاشرُ ويتلوه الجزءُ الحادي عشرُ وأولُه: كتابُ البيوعِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٩٥٣) عن محمد بن صالح به، والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ٢٠٦، ٢٠٧، وابن عدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٣٩٦ ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٢٤/ ٣٨ - من طريق هشام بن عمار به.","vol":"10","page":566},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2337>كتاب البيوع</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2338>باب إباحَةِ التِّجارة</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]. وقالَ: ﴿وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٥].\n\n١٠٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَم، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٥٧، ١٧٢]. قال: التِّجارَةُ.\n\n١٠٤٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦٧]. قال: مِنَ التِّجارَةِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٤٦ - تفسير)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٢٧)، وابن أبي شيبة =","vol":"11","page":5},{"text":"١٠٤٩٤ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾. قال: التِّجارَةُ رِزق مِن رِزقِ الله، حَلالٌ مِن حَلالِ الله، لمن طَلَبَها بصدقِها وبِرِّها (^١).\n\n١٠٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بن عامِرٍ، حدثنا شَريك، عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ، عن جُمَيعِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن خالِه أبي بُردَةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الكَسبِ أطيَبُ أو أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"عَمَلُ الرَّجُلِ بيَدِه، وكُلُّ بَيع مَبرورٍ\" (^٢). هكذا رَواه شَريكُ بن عبد اللَّهِ القاضِي وغَلِطَ فيه في\nمَوضِعَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما في قَولِه: جُمَيعُ بن عُمَيرٍ. وإِنَّما هو سعيدُ بن عُمَيرٍ. والآخَرُ في وصلِهِ.\nوإِنَّما رَواه غَيرُه عن وائلٍ مُرسَلًا كما:\n\n١٠٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا وائلُ بن\n_________\n= (٢٢٥٠٧)، والطبري في تفسيره ٤/ ٦٩٥، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢٧٩٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^١) أخرجه الطبري في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٣٠ من طريق سعيد به، بأطول منه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٢٢٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٣٦) عن الأسود بن عامر به.\nوذكره البخاري في تاريخه ٣/ ٥٠٢ وقال: أسنده بعضهم وهو خطأ.","vol":"11","page":6},{"text":"داودَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ - أبو أُمِّه البَراءُ بن عازِبٍ - قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: أيُّ كَسبِ الرَّجُلِ أطيَبُ؟ قال: \"عَمَلُ الرَّجُلِ بيَدِه، وكُلُّ بَيعٍ مَبرورٍ\" (^١). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٠٤٩٧ - ويُقالُ: عنه عن سعيدٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الكَسبِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"كَسبٌ مَبرورٌ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا الأسوَدُ بن عامِرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن وائلِ بنِ (^٢) داودَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَمِّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوقَد أرسَلَه غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ (^٤). وقالَ شَريك: عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ، عن جُمَيعِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن خالِه أبي بُردَةَ. وجُمَيعٌ خَطأٌ، وقالَ المَسعودِيٌّ: عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن أبيه (^٥). وهو خَطأٌ، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ وائلٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا. قال البخاريُّ: أسنَدَه بَعضُهُم، وهو خَطأٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في إصلاح المال (٣١٢) من طريق وائل بن داود به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠ وصحح إسناده.\n(^٤) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٨٠، والمصنف في الشعب (١٢٢٥) من طريق الثوري به مرسلًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٦٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠ من طريق المسعودى به. وعند أحمد: عن عباية بن رفاعة بن رافع بن خديج عن جده رافع. وينظر التلخيص الحبير ٣/ ٣.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥٠٢.","vol":"11","page":7},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2339>بابُ طَلَبِ الحَلالِ واجتِنابِ الشُّبُهاتِ</span>\n\n١٠٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بن نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَة، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ والفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ قالا: حدثنا زَكَريّا بن أبي زائدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا موسَى بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ وعَمرُو بن تَميمٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ قال: حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الحَلالُ بيِّنٌ والحَرامُ بَيِّنٌ، وبَينَهُما مُشتَبِهاتٌ لا يَعلَمُها كَثيرٌ مِنَ النّاس، فمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبُهاتِ استَبرأَ لِعِرضِه ودِينِه، ومَن وقَعَ في الشُّبُهاتِ وقَعَ في الحَرام، كالرَّاعِي يَرعَى حَولَ الحِمَى يُوشِكُ أن يواقِعَه، ثُمَّ إنَّ لِكُل مَلِكٍ حِمًى، ألا وإِنَّ حِمَى اللهِ مَحارِمُه، ألا وإِنَّ في الجَسَدِ مُضغَةً إذا صَلَحَت صَلَحَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّه، وإن (^١) فسَدَت فسَدَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّه، ألا وهِيَ القَلبُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَيَّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، والمهذب ٤/ ٢٠٢٨: \"إذا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٣١)، والشعب (٥٧٤٠)، والأربعين الصغرى (٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٧٤)، وأبو داود (٣٣٣٠)، والترمذي عقب (١٢٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٨٤) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢)، ومسلم (١٥٩٩/ ١٠٧).","vol":"11","page":8},{"text":"أبي فروَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الحَلالُ بيِّنٌ والحَرامُ بَيِّنٌ، وبَينَ ذَلِكَ أُمورٌ مُشتَبِهَةٌ، فمَن تَرَكَ ما اشتَبَهَ عَلَيه كان لما استَبانَ له أترَكَ، ومَنِ اجتَرأَ على ما يَشُكُّ فيه أوشَكَ أن يواقِعَ ما استَبانَ له، والمَعاصِي حِمَى اللَّه، ومَن يَرتَع حَولَ الحِمَى يوشِكْ أن يواقِعَه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي فروَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الشَّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍ وقالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيأتيَنَّ على النّاسِ زَمانٌ لا يُبالِي المَرءُ بما أخَذَ المالَ بحَلالٍ أم بحَرامٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2340>بابُ الإجمالِ في طَلَبِ الدُّنيا وتَركِ طَلَبِها بما لا يَحِلُّ</span>\n\n١٠٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قِراءَةً عَلَيهِما، وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِي القُشَيرِيُّ لَفظًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤١٨) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٠٥١)، ومسلم (١٥٩٩/ ١٠٧، ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٥٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٢٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٢٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٥٩، ٢٠٨٣).","vol":"11","page":9},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي رَبيعَةُ بن أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أجمِلوا في طَلَبِ الدُّنيا، فإِنّ كُلًّا مُيَسَّرٌ له ما كتبَ له مِنها\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥٠٢ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن علي بنِ إسماعيلَ الشَّاشِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن بُنانٍ الأنماطيُّ، حدثنا أبو هَمَّامٍ الوَليدُ بن شُجاع، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّه بن وهب، حدثنا عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَستَبطِئوا الرِّزقَ، فإِنَّه لَم يَكُنْ عبدٌ يَموتُ (^٢) حَتى يَبلُغَه (^٣) آخِرُ رِزقٍ هو له، فاتَّقوا اللَّهَ وأَجمِلوا في الطَّلَبِ مِنَ الحَلالِ وتَركِ الحَرامِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المجيدِ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوَّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ أحَدَكُم لَن يَموتَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٤٢) من طريق ربيعة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٧٤٢).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"ليموت\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"يبلغ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٤١) من طريق الوليد به.","vol":"11","page":10},{"text":"حَتَّى يَستَكمِلَ رِزقَه، فلا تَستَبطِئوا الرِّزقَ، واتَّقوا اللهَ يا أيُّها النّاسُ وأَجمِلوا في الطَّلَب، خُذوا ما حَلَّ ودَعوا ما حَرُمَ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بن بكرٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2341>بابُ كَراهيَةِ اليَميِن في البَيعِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣) قال (^٤) ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: إن أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الحَلفُ مَنفَقَةٌ لِلسِّلعَةِ مَمحَقَةٌ لِلرِّبحِ\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ. وقالَ: \"مَمحَقَةٌ لِلبَرَكَةِ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وقالَ: \"لِلبَرَكَة\" (^٧).\n\n١٠٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٢٥، وفيه: عن عبد الحميد بن عبد العزيز بن أبي رواد عن أبيه. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٤٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٥٩): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ الوليد بن مسلم وابن جريج وأبو الزبير كل منهم كان يدلس، وقد رووه بالعنعنة.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الآداب (١٠٩٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤ من طريق محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) فوقها في الأصل: \"عن\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٤٨٤٧). وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٩/ ١٧٨ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٣٥) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٠٨٧).","vol":"11","page":11},{"text":"أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ أحمدُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وقالَ: \"مَمحَقَةٌ لِلكَسبِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي طاهِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ الجُهَنِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: \"اليَمينُ الكاذِبَةُ مَنفَقَةٌ لِلسِّلعَةِ مَمحَقَةٌ لِلكَسبِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن عبد الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، أخبرَنِي الوَليدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إيّاكُم وكَثرَةَ الحَلِفِ في البَيعِ؛ فإنَّه يُنَفِّقُ ثُمَّ يَمحَقُ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٣٥)، والنسائي (٤٤٧٣) عن أبي الطاهر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٠٦).\n(^٣) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٩٣) عن سفيان به. وابن حبان (٤٩٠٦) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٣٢)، والآداب (١١٠٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٧٢) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٢٥٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٠٩) من طريق معبد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٠٧).","vol":"11","page":12},{"text":"١٠٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عليِّ بنِ مُدرِكِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا زُرعَةَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن خَرَشَةَ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَيهِم يَومَ القيامَة، ولا يُكَلِّمُهم (^١) ولهم عَذابٌ أليمٌ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، فمَن هَؤُلاءِ فقَد خابوا وخَسِروا؟! فقالَ: \"المَنّانُ، والمُسبِلُ إزارَه، والمُنَفِّقُ سِلعَتَه بالحَلِفِ الكاذِبِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا ابنُ عَفّانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِه وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه (^٤)، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَش، عن شَقيقٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ قال: كُنّا في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَشتَرِي في الأسواقِ ونُسَمِّي أنفُسَنا السَّماسِرَةَ، فأتَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَمَّانا باسمٍ هو\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ولا يكلمهم الله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٤٤)، والطيالسي (٤٦٩)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (١٢١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣١٨)، وأبو داود (٤٠٨٧)، والنسائي (٢٥٦٢، ٤٤٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٠٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٦).\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"قالوا\".","vol":"11","page":13},{"text":"أحسَنُ مِنه فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ التُّجَّار، إنَّ هذا البَيعَ يَحضُرُه الكَذِبُ واللَّغوُ، فشُوبُوه بالصَّدَقَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن أبي حَكيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ قال: كُنّا نَبيعُ في السُّوق، وكُنّا نُسَمَّى السَّماسِرَةَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا مَعشَرَ التُّجّار، إنَّ سوقَكُم هذه يُخالِطُها الحَلِفُ، فشوبوه بالصَّدَقَة، أو بشَئٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ\" (^٢). ولَفظُ سُفيانَ قَريبٌ مِنه.\n\n١٠٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بن مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن زَكَريّا، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ حَدَّثَنِي، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافعٍ الزُّرَقِيّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه خَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المُصَلَّىَ بالمَدينَةِ فوَجَدَ النّاسَ يَتَبايَعونَ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ التُّجَّارِ\". فاستَجابوا له ورَفَعوا أبصارَهُم وأعناقَهُم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٣٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣٢٦)، والترمذي عقب (١٢٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٢١٤٥) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٣٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٣٧) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"11","page":14},{"text":"\"إنَّ التُّجَّارَ يُبعَثونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ فُجّارًا إلَّا مَنِ اتَّقَى وبَرَّ وصَدَقَ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّام، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المُبارَك، عن يَحيىَ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي راشِدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِبلٍ، رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ التُّجَّارَ هُمُ الفُجَّارُ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ الله، ألَم يُحِلَّ اللَّهُ البَيعَ؟ قال: \"بَلَى، ولَكِنَّهُم يَحلِفونَ فيأثَمونَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ شاذانَ الصَّيدَلانيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى العَطَّارُ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بن هِشامٍ، حدثنا كُلثومُ بن جَوشَنٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"التَّاجِرُ الصَّدوقُ الأمينُ المُسلِمُ مَعَ الشهَداءِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٦. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢١٠)، وابن ماجه (٢١٤٦) من طريق عبد الله بن عثمان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٨٤٤)، وفيه: عن أبي عاصم. بدلًا من: أبي عامر. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣١: سنده صحيح، وليس هو في الكتب الستة.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٨٥٥) عن أبي زكريا وحده، وفي الآداب (١٠٩٩) عن أبي عبد الله وحده، وفيه: القطان بدلًا من: العطار، والحاكم ٢/ ٦، وفيه: محمد بن إسحاق الصنعانى بدلًا من: محمد بن عيسى العطار. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٣٩)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٣٩٤)، =","vol":"11","page":15},{"text":"وروِيَ ذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ عن أبي سعيدٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2342>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَجوزُ بَيعُ العَيِن الغائبَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَر، وعن بَيعِ حَصاةٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَيدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ القاضِي (^٤)، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن إدريسَ وأبو أُسامَةَ ويَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّهُم قالوا: وعن بَيعِ\n_________\n= والدارقطني ٣/ ٧ من طريق كثير به هشام به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣١: كلثوم فيه لين.\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٠٩) من طريق الحسن به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه من حديث الثوري عن أبي حمزة ....\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٣٤) وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٨٤) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (٢١٩٤) من طريق عبيد الله به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٠٩، ١٠٩٧٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥١٣).\n(^٤) قال عبد الغافر: القاضي الإمام أحد أئمة أصحاب الشافعي ومدرسيهم، كان كثير المشيوخ، صحيح السماع. توفي سنة (٤١٣ هـ). المنتخب (٩٩٧)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٣٨.","vol":"11","page":16},{"text":"الحَصاةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ وسُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحلُّ سَلَفٌ وبَيعٌ، ولا شَرطانِ في بَيعٍ، ولا رِبحُ ما لم يُضمَنْ، ولا بَيعُ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٥١٨ - ورَواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيُّوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن شُعَيبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو. أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٠٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن حَكيمِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٧٦٦) عن ابن إدريس وحده، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٣٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤١١)، والنسائي (٤٥٣٠)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥١، ٤٩٧٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والترمذي (١٢٣٠) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٨٨) من طريق حماد بن زيد به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٥٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٧١)، والترمذي (١٢٣٤)، والنسائي (٤٦٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢١٨٨) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"11","page":17},{"text":"ابنِ حِزامٍ قال: نَهانِي النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن أبيعَ ما لَيسَ عِندِي، أو أبيعَ سِلعَةً لَيسَت عِندِي (^١).\n\n١٠٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن إياسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يوسُفَ بنَ ماهَكَ يُحَدِّثُ عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، الرَّجُلُ يَطلُبُ مِنِّي البَيعَ ولَيسَ عِندِي، أفأبيعُه لَهُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَبع ما لَيسَ عندَكَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2343>بابُ مَن قال: يَجوزُ بَيعُ العَيِن الغائبَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللهِ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ الفَقيهُ (^٣) ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أحمدَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سعيدٍ الثقَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الذهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٣٣) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (١٥٣١٣) من طريق أيوب به، وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٤٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣١٢) وعنده زيادة في المتن، وابن ماجه (٢١٨٧) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٥٠٣)، والترمذي (١٢٣٢)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٧) من طريق جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٩١).\n(^٣) هبة الله بن الحسن بن منصور أبو القاسم الطبري الرازي الشافعي اللالكائى، الإمام الحافظ المجود المفتي، مفيد بغداد في وقته، تفقه بالشيخ أبي حامد، وبرع في المذهب، قال الخطيب: كان يفهم ويحفظ، وصنف كتابًا في السنة، وكتاب \"رجال الصحيحين\"، وكتابًا في السنن. توفي سنة (٤١٨ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٧٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤١٩.","vol":"11","page":18},{"text":"أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: ودِدْنا أن عثمانَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ قَد تَبايَعا حَتَّى نَنظُرَ أيُّهُما أعظَمُ جَدًّا (^١) في التِّجارَة، فاشتَرَى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ مِن عثمانَ - ﵄ - فرَسًا بأرضٍ أُخرَى بأربَعينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ أو نَحوِ ذلِكَ إن أدرَكَتها الصَّفقَةُ وهِي سالمَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَجازَ قَليلًا فرَجَعَ فقالَ: أزيدُكَ سِتَّةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ إن وجَدَها رسولِي سالَمةً؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فوَجَدَها رسولُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ قَد هَلَكت، فخَرَجَ مِنها بشَرطِه الآخِرِ (^٢). ورَواه غَيرُه وزادَ فيه: ولا إخالُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ إلَّا وقَد عَرَفَها.\n\n١٠٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بن الحَسَن، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد المَجيد، حدثنا رَباحُ بن أبي مَعروفٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أن عثمانَ ابتاعَ مِن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ أرضًا بالمَدينَةِ ناقَلَه بأرضٍ له بالكوفَة، فلَمّا تَبايَنا نَدِمَ عثمانُ، ثُمَّ قال: بايَعتُكَ ما لَم أرَه. فقالَ طَلحَةُ: إنَّما النَّظَرُ لِي؛ إنَّما ابتَعتُ مُغَيَّبًا، وأمّا أنتَ فقَد رأيتَ ما ابتَعتَ. فجَعَلا بَينَهُما حَكَمًا، فحَكَّما جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ، فقَضى على عثمانَ أن البَيعَ جائزٌ، وأنَّ النَّظَرَ لِطَلحَةَ أنَّه ابتاعَ مُغَيَّبًا (^٤).\nورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ولا يَصِحُّ:\n_________\n(^١) الجد: الحظ في الرزق. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ١٤٢.\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٤٠)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح مشكل الآثار ١١/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٣١٠). وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣٢: فيه انقطاع.","vol":"11","page":19},{"text":"١٠٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بن أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عَيَّاشٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن مَكحولٍ رَفَعَ الحديثَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى شيئًا لَم يَرَه فهو بالخيارِ إذا رآه، إن شاءَ أخَذَه، وإن شاءَ تَرَكَه\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٢). قالَه لِي أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ وغَيرُه عن عليِّ بنِ عُمَرَ أبي الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ الحافظِ ﵀ (^٣).\nوروِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ولا يَصِحُّ:\n\n١٠٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن أبي يَعقوبَ الأصبَهانيُّ المُعَدِّلُ، حدثنا داهِرُ بن نوحٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن وهبٍ اليَشكُرِيّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى شَيئًا لَم يَرَه فهو بالخيارِ إذا رآه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٤ من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٢٦) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أبو بكر بن عبد الله بن أبي مريم الغساني الشامي، ابن عم الوليد بن سفيان بن أبي مريم، وقد ينسب إلى جده، قيل: اسمه بكير، وقيل: عبد السلام. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٠٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٠٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٩٨: ضعيف، وكان قد سرق بيته فاختلط.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٤.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٤، ٥.","vol":"11","page":20},{"text":"١٠٥٢٥ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدانُ عن داهِرِ بنِ نوحٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَنه عن (^١) عُمَرَ، عن فُضيلِ بنِ عياضٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ، وعن عُمَرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ الحَكَم، عن أبي حَنيفَةَ، عن الهَيثَم، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا. أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن مَحمودِ بنِ خُرَّزاذَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ موسَى عبدانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال أبو الحَسَنِ الحافظُ: عُمَرُ بن إبراهيمَ يُقالَ له: الكُردِيُّ، يَضَعُ الحديثَ، وهَذا باطِلٌ لا يَصحُّ، لَم يَروِها غَيرُه، وإِنَّما يُروَى عن ابنِ سيرينَ مِن قَولِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: مَنِ اشتَرَى شَيئًا لَم يَرَه فهو بالخيارِ إذا رآه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٤، ٥.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٤، وفيه: خرزاد عن أحمد بن عبد الله بن أحمد بن موسى عبدان.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٢٣) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"11","page":21},{"text":"١٠٥٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، عن هُشَيمٍ قال: أخبرَنا يونُسُ وابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إن كان على ما وصَفَه له فقَد لَزِمَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2344>باب: المُتَبايِعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا إلَّا بَيعَ الخيارِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وغَيرُهما قِراءَةً وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا (^٢) أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ. قال: وأخبَرَني أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُتَبايِعانِ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بالخيارِ على صاحِبِه ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا إلَّا بيعَ الخيارِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الشَّافِعِي: \"على صاحِبِه بالخيارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٤ من طريق سعيد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٢٤) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣١١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٧١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٩٣)، والنسائي (٤٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩١٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٥٤) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١١١)، ومسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٣).","vol":"11","page":22},{"text":"١٠٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ - واللَّفظُ لِلحُمَيدِيِّ - قال: حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أتَيتُ نافِعًا فطَرَحَ لِي (^١) حَقيبَةً (^٢) فجَلَستُ عَلَيها، فأملَى عليّ في ألواحِي قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا تَبايَعَ المُتَبايِعانِ فكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بالخيارِ مِن بَيعِه ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، أو يَكونَ بَيعُهُما عن خيارٍ\". قالَ: فكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا تَبايَعَ البَيعَ فأرادَ أن يَجِبَ مَشَى قَليلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بن حَمَّادٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ المُتَبايِعَينِ بالخيارِ في بَيعِهِما ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، إلَّا أن يَكونَ البَيعُ خيارًا\". قال: فقالَ نافِعٌ: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) الحقيبة: ما يشد في مؤخرة الرحل، يرفع فيها الرجل متاعه وما يحتاج إليه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٤٠)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠٧، والحميدي (٦٥٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٨٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٥).","vol":"11","page":23},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ إذا اشتَرَى الشَّئَ يُعجِبُه فارَقَ صاحِبَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ عن عبد الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nورَواه الضَّحَّاكُ بن عثمانَ عن نافِعٍ بمَعناه في فِعلِ عبد اللَّهِ والرِّوايَةِ جَميعًا (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا تَبايَعَ الرَّجُلانِ فكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا وكانا جَميعًا، أو يُخَيِّرُ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه، فتَبايَعا على ذَلِكَ فقَد وجَبَ البَيعُ، وإن تَفَرَّقا بَعدَ أن تَبايَعا ولَم يَترُكْ واحِدُ مِنهُما البَيعَ، فقَد وجَبَ البَيعُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ وأبو كامِلٍ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٤٨٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. والترمذي (١٢٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٠٧)، ومسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٣) من طريق الضحاك به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٤٨٣) عن قتيبة به بنحوه. وأحمد (٦٠٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١٨١)، وابن حبان (٤٩١٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١١٢)، ومسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٤).","vol":"11","page":24},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، قالوا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، أو يقولُ أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: اختَر\". قال: ورُبَّما قال: \"أو يَكونُ خيارٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الأديبِ: أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا إلَّا أن يَكونَ بَيعُ خيارٍ، أو يقولُ لِصاحِبه: اختَر\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ وأبِي كامِلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن حَجَّاجٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ بيِّعَينِ لا بَيعَ بَينَهُما حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقا إلَّا بَيعَ الخيارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِيِّ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٥٥)، والنسائي (٤٤٨١) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٠٩)، ومسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٩٣) عن أبي نعيم به. والنسائي (٤٤٨٩)، وفي الكبرى (٦٠٦٩) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. ووقع في المجتبى: عمرو بن دينار. بدلًا من: عبد الله بن دينار. وفي الكبرى كما هنا وكذا في تحفة الأشراف (٧١٥٥).","vol":"11","page":25},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عبد المَلِكِ الطيالِسِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشِّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن صالِحٍ أبي الخَليلِ - وفِي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِي قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الخَليلِ يُحَدِّثُ - عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِث، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"البائعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتفَرَّقا، فإِن صَدَقا وبيَّنا بورِكَ لهما في بَيعِهِما، وإن كَذَبا وكتَما مُحِقَت بَرَكَةُ بَيعِهِما\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ [ومُسلِمٌ] (^٣) في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجَّاج (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ الزَّهرانيُّ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الحارِث، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١١٣)، ومسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٥٩) عن الطيالسي به. وأحمد (١٥٣٢٧)، والترمذي (١٢٤٦)، والنسائي (٤٤٦٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٧٩، ٢٠٨٢)، ومسلم (١٥٣٢).","vol":"11","page":26},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يتفَرَّقا - قال هَمّامٌ: ووَجَدتُ في كِتابِي: ويَختارُ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتِ - فإِن صَدَقا وبَيَّنا بورِكَ لهما في بَيعِهِما، وإن كَذَبا وكَتَما فعَسَى أن يَربَحا رِيحًا وتُمحَقَ بَرَكةُ بَيعِهِما\" (^١). قال هَمّامٌ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحَديثِ أبا التَّيّاحِ فقالَ: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي الخَليل، فحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الحارِثِ هذا الحديثَ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ (^٢). ورَواه سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ وحَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ عن قَتادَةَ دونَ الزِّيادَةِ التي وجَدَها هَمَّامٌ في كِتابِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن جَميلِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي الوَضِيءِ قال: غَزَونا غَزوَةً لَنا فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا فباعَ صاحِبٌ لَنا فرَسًا بغُلامٍ، ثُمَّ أقامَ بَقيَّةَ يَومِهِما ولَيلَتِهِما، فلَمّا أصبَحنا (^٤) مِنَ الغَدِ حَضرَ الرَّحيلُ (^٥) فقامَ إلَى فرَسِه يُسرِجُه ونَدِمَ، فأتَى الرَّجُلَ وأخَذَه بالبَيع، فأبَى الرَّجُلُ أن يَدفَعَه إلَيه، فقالَ: بَينِي وبَينَكَ أبو بَرْزَةَ صاحِبُ رسُولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فأتَيا أبا بَرْزَةَ ناحيَةِ العَسكَرِ فقالوا له هذه القِصَّةَ، فقالَ: أتَرضَيانِ أن أقضِيَ بَينَكُما بقَضاءِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٢٤) من طريق همام عن أبي الخليل به. والطيالسي عقب (١٤١٣)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٢٦٢) من طريق همام عن أبي التياح به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٠٨، ٢١١٤)، ومسلم (١٥٣٢) وعند مسلم: همام عن أبي التياح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣١٤)، والنسائي (٤٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٠٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"أصبحا\".\n(^٥) في ص ٥، م: \"الرجل\".","vol":"11","page":27},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا\". قال هِشامُ بن حَسَّانَ: حَدَّثَ جَميلٌ أنَّه قال: ما أُراكُما افتَرَقتُما (^١).\n\n١٠٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفَّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَث، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن جَميلِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي الوَضِيء، عن أبي بَرْزَة الأسلَمِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَفَرَّقا\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى اللَّخمِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن أبي سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعَيد (^٣) حَفصُ بن غَيلانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وعن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنُّهُما كانا يَقولانِ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى بَيعًا فوَجَبَ له فهو بالخيارِ ما لَم يُفارِقْه صاحِبُه، إن شاءَ أخَذَه، فإِن فارَقَه فلا خيارَ له\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨١٣) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٨٢) عن أبي الأشعث أحمد بن المقدام به.\n(^٣) في م، والمستدرك: \"معبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٧٠.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤ وصحح إسناده. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥ من طريق أحمد بن عيسى به.","vol":"11","page":28},{"text":"ابنُ مُعاذٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بايَعَ رَجُلًا فلَمَّا بايَعَه قال: \"اختَر\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَكَذا البَيعُ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: اشتَرَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن أعرابِيٍّ - قال: حَسِبتُ أن أبا الزُّبَيرِ قال: مِن بَنِي عامِرِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ - حِملَ خَبَطٍ (^٢) فلَمّا وجَبَ قال له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اختَر\". فقالَ له الأعرابِيُّ: إنْ رأيتُ كاليَومِ قَطُّ بَيِّعًا خَيرًا وأفقَهَ، ممَّن أنتَ؟ قال: \"مِن قُرَيشٍ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n١٠٥٤١ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَث، حدثنا مَوهَبُ بن يَزيدَ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أن أبا الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّيَّ حَدَّثَه عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - اشتَرَى مِن أعرابِيٍّ حِملَ خَبَطٍ، فلَمّا وجَبَ البَيعُ قال له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٧٩٧)، ومن طريقه البزار (١٢٨٣ - كشف)، والطبري في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٣٥، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٢٩٣)، وابن عدي ٣/ ١١٢٢. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣٥: سليمان يقال له: ابن قرم. أيضًا، فيه ضعف، وقد وثقه الإمام أحمد.\n(^٢) خبط: هو الورق المخبوط، أي: الساقط. وهو من علف الإبل. الفائق ١/ ٣٤٨، والنهاية ٢/ ٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٩٠٦٦) من طريق الليث به. والطبراني أيضًا (٣٥٥٢)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٢١ من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.","vol":"11","page":29},{"text":"\"اختَرْ\". فقالَ له الأعرابِيُّ: عَمْرَكَ اللهَ بَيِّعًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أحمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ عن عَمِّه ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢)، ورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن طاوُسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بن طاوُسٍ عن أبيه:\n\n١٠٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَىَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: خَيَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا بعدَ البَيْعِ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: عمْرَكَ اللهَ، مِمَّن أنتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"امرُؤٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ\". قال: فكانَ أبي يَحلِفُ: ما الخيارُ إلَّا بعدَ البَيعِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال:\n_________\n(^١) أي: أسأل اللهَ تعميرك وأن يطيل عمرك. الفائق ١/ ٣٤٨، والنهاية ٣/ ٢٩٨. وينظر تاج العروس ١٣/ ١٢٦ (ع م ر).\nوالحديث أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٢١٨٤) من طريق ابن وهب. وعند الترمذي مختصر. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٢٥)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٦١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٧٣٨) عن ابن عيينة به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":30},{"text":"ابتاعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قَبلَ النُّبوَّةِ مِن أعرابِيٍّ بَعيرًا أو غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا وجَبَ البَيعُ قال له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اختَر\". فنَظَرَ إلَيه الأعرابِيُّ فقالَ: عمْرَكَ اللَّهَ، مَن أنتَ؟ قال: فلَمّا كان الإسلامُ جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الخيارَ بعدَ البَيعِ (^١).\n\n١٠٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن حاتِمٍ الجَرجَرائيُّ (^٢) قال: مَروانُ الفَزارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عن يَحيَى بنِ أيُّوبَ قال: كان أبو زُرعَةَ إذا بايَعَ رَجُلًا خَيَّرَه. قال: ثُمَّ يقولُ: خَيِّرْني. ويَقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَفتَرِقَنَّ (^٣) اثنانِ إلَّا عن تَراضٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذَّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، قال أنَسٌ: مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على أهلِ البَقيعِ فقالَ: \"يا أهلَ البقيعِ\". فاشرأبُّوا (^٥) فقالَ: \"يا أهلَ البقيعِ لا يَفتَرِقَنَّ (^٦) بيِّعانِ إلَّا عن رِضًا\" (^٧).\n\n١٠٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٦١). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٢٩٢) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الجرجاني\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"يفترقان\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٤٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٢٢)، والترمذي (١٢٤٨) من طريق يحيى به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٥٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) فأشرأبوا: أي مدوا أعناقهم لينظروا. ينظر التاج ٣/ ١١٨ (ش ر ب).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"يتفرقن\".\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٦٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٣٤ من حديث أبي قلابة مرسلًا. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣٦: عليّ واه.","vol":"11","page":31},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفَّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"البَيِّعانِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، ويأخُذُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ما رَضِيَ مِنَ البَيعِ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأحمَدُ بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ شُعَيبًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ ابتاعَ مِن رَجُلٍ بيعَةً فإنَّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بالخيارِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقا مِن مَكانِهِما، إلَّا أن يَكونَ صَفقَةَ خيارٍ، ولا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ أن يُفارِقَ صاحِبَه مَخافَةَ أن يُقيلَه\" (^٢). قَوله: \"يُقيلَه\". أرادَ به واللهُ أعلمُ: يَفسَخُه، فعَبَّرَ بالإقالَةِ عن الفَسخِ.\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ وعَبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ وجَريرِ (^٣) بنِ عبد الله، ثُمَّ عن شُرَيحٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٨٩) عن عفان به. والنسائي (٤٤٩٤) من طريق همام به. وابن ماجه (٢١٨٣) من طريق قتادة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٠٦).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٢١)، وأبو داود (٣٤٥٦)، والترمذي (١٢٤٧)، والنسائي (٤٤٩٥) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٥٠).\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"جابر\".\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٦٩ - ١٤٢٧١، ١٤٢٧٩، ١٤٢٨٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة =","vol":"11","page":32},{"text":"١٠٥٤٨ - قال البخاريُّ في كِتابِ \"الصحيح\": وقالَ اللَّيثُ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بعتُ مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - مالًا بالوادِي بمالٍ له بخَيبَرَ، فلَمّا تَبايَعنا رَجَعتُ على عَقِبِيَّ حَتَّى خَرَجتُ مِن بَيتِه خَشيَةَ أن يَرُدَّنِي البَيعَ، وكانَتِ السُّنَّةُ أن المتَبَايعَينِ بالخيارِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فلَمّا وجَبَ بَيعِي وبَيعُه رأيتُ أنِّي قَد غَبَنتُه؛ فإِنِّي سُقتُه إلَى أرضِ ثَمودَ بثَلاثِ لَيالٍ وساقَنِي إلَى المَدينَةِ بثَلاثِ لَيالٍ (^١). أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنيه أبو عِمرانَ، حدثنا الرَّمادِيُّ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وأخبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ. قال: وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِم، حدثنا ابنُ زَنجُويَه، قالوا: حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ. بهَذا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه أبو صالِحِ أيضًا ويَحيَى بن بُكَيرِ عن اللَّيثِ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٤٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ قال: قال جَريرٌ: بايَعتُ\n_________\n= (٢٢٨٩٣، ٢٢٨٩٤، ٢٢٨٩٦، ٢٢٨٩٧).\n(^١) البخاري (٢١١٦).\n(^٢) عزاه في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٢٣١ للإسماعيلي عن أبي القاسم به. وفيه: عن القاسم. وأسنده ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٢٣٢ من طريق الحسن عن الفسوي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٦٣ من طريق أبي صالح به. والدارقطني ٣/ ٦ من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.","vol":"11","page":33},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على السَّمعِ والطَّاعَةِ والنُّصحِ لِكُلَّ مُسلِمٍ. قال: فكانَ جَريرٌ إذا بايعَ إنسانًا شَيئًا قال: أما إنَّ ما أخَذنا مِنكَ أحَبُّ إلَينا مِمّا أعطَيناكَ، فاختَرْ. يُريدُ بذَلِكَ إتمامَ بَيعَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٠٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: يُريدُ بذَلِكَ إتمامَ بَيعَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدارميَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ عبد المَلِكِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ المُبارَكِ يقولُ: الحَديثُ في البَيَّعَينِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، أثبَتُ مِن هذه الأساطينِ.\nقال: وسَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عليّ بنَ المَدينِيِّ يقولُ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ أنَّه حَدَّثَ الكوفيَّينَ بحَديثِ ابنِ سُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في البَيِّعَينِ بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا. قال: فحَدَّثوا به أبا حَنيفَةَ، فقالَ أبو حَنيفَةَ: إِنَّ هذا لَيسَ بشَئٍ، أرأيتَ إن كانا في سَفينَةٍ؟ قال على: إنَّ اللَّهَ سائلُه عَمّا قالَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٢٩)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٥)، والنسائي (٤١٦٨)، وابن حبان (٤٥٤٦) من طريق يونس بن عبيد به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه سمويه في فوائده (٧٥)، والطبراني (٢٤١٠) مختصرًا من طريق مسدد به.\n(^٣) رواه عبد الله بن أحمد في السنة (٣٦٠)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٤٠٥ من طريق إبراهيم بن بشار عن سفيان دون قوله عليّ.","vol":"11","page":34},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2345>بابٌ في تَفسير بَيعِ الخيارِ</span>\nحَديثُ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن نافِعٍ يَدُل على أن بَيعَ الخيارِ هو التَّخييرُ بعدَ العَقدِ وقَبلَ التَّفَرُّق، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ أيُّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ عن نافِعٍ، وقَد ذَكَرناهُما في البابِ قَبلَ هَذا (^١).\n\n١٠٥٥٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا الحاكِمُ أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد اللَّهِ المُعَدِّلُ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِي ابنَ سعيدٍ الجَوهَرِيَّ، حدئنا حُسَينٌ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ المَرَّورُّوذِيُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا تَبايَعَ الرَّجُلانِ فهُما بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا، أو يَكونُ بَيعُهُما عن خيارٍ\". وكانَ عُمَرُ أوِ ابنِ عُمَرَ يُنادِي: البَيعُ صَفقَةٌ أو خيارٌ (^٢).\nوروِيَ عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ طَريفٍ تارَةً عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن عُمَرَ (^٣)، وتارَةً عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: البَيعُ صَفقَةٌ أو خيارٌ (^٤). وكِلاهُما مَعَ الأوَّلِ ضَعيفٌ لاِنقِطاعِ ذَلِكَ، فإِن صَحَّ فالمُرادُ به واللَّهُ أعلمُ بيعٌ شُرِطَ فيه قَطعُ الخيارِ، فلا يَكونُ لَهُما بعدَ الصَّفقَةِ خيارٌ، وبَيعٌ لَم يُشْتَرَطُ فيه قَطعُ الخيار،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٥٣١، ١٠٥٣٢).\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٤/ ٢٨١.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٣/ ٩، والمعرفة للمصنف عقب (٣٣٢٣).\n(^٤) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٤/ ٢٨١ عقب (٣٣٢٣).","vol":"11","page":35},{"text":"فهُما بالخيارِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا. وقَد ذَهَبَ كَثيرٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ إلَى تَضعيفِ الأثَرِ عن عُمَرَ، وأنَّ البَيعَ لا يَجوزُ فيه شَرطُ قَطعِ الخيار، وأنَ المُرادَ ببَيعِ الخيارِ؛ إمّا التَّخييرُ بعدَ البَيع، أو بيعٌ شُرِطَ فيه خيارُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ فلا يَنقَطِعُ خيارُهُما بالتَّفَرُّقِ لمكانِ الشَّرط، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه أرادَ به واللَّهُ أعلمُ التَّخييرَ بعدَ البَيع، إلَّا أن نافِعًا رُبَّما عَبَّرَ عنه ببَيعِ الخيار، ورُبَّما فسَّرَه، والَّذِي يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ ما:\n\n١٠٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حُجرٍ. قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن زُرارَةَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"البَيَّعانِ بالخيارِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقا أو يَكونُ بَيعَ خيارٍ\". قال: ورُبَّما قال نافِعٌ: \"أو يقولُ أحَدُهُما لِلآخَرِ: اخترْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وعَلِيٍّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2346>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن لا يَجوزُ شَرطُ الخيارِ في البَيعِ أكثَرَ مِن ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ</span>\n\n١٠٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو عبد اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٨٤)، والنسائي (٤٤٨٢) من طريق إسماعيل ابن علية به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣١/ ٤٣).","vol":"11","page":36},{"text":"ابنُ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ مُصَرَّاةً (^١) فهو بالخيارِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، فإِن رَدَّها رَدَّها ومَعَها صاعٌ مِن تَمير\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ قُرَّة عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، [حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ] (^٤)، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ قال. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، حدثنا محمدُ بن حَجَّاجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: ذَكَرَ رَجُلٌ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه يُخدَعُ في البُيوع، فقالَ له\n_________\n(^١) المصراة: الناقة أو القرة أو الشاة التي ترك لبنها في ضرعها أياما فلم تحلب، وأصل التصرية حبس الماء وجمعه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٦٩٠ - الروض)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٦/ ٤٣٧ من طريق الأوزاعي به. وسيأتي الحديث في (١٠٨١٩، ١٠٨٢٠، ١٠٨٣٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٥.","vol":"11","page":37},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن بايَعتَ فقُلْ: لا خِلابَةَ (^١) \" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وفِي مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه (^٣) أيضًا مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\nوروِيَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ بزيادَةِ ألفاظٍ:\n\n١٠٥٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان حَبَّانُ بن مُنقِذٍ رَجُلًا ضَعيفًا، وكانَ قَد سُفِعَ في رأسِه مأمومَةً، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - له الخيارَ فيما اشتَرَى ثَلاثًا، وكانَ قَد ثَقُلَ لِسانُه، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بِعْ وقُلْ: لا خِلابَةَ\". وكُنتُ أسمَعُه يقولُ: لا خِذابَةَ لا خِذابَةَ. وكانَ يَشتَرِي الشَّئَ فيَجِيءُ به أهلَه، فيَقولونَ: هذا غالٍ. فيَقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيَّرَنِي في بَيعِي (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) لا خلابة: أي لا خديعة. هدي الساري ١/ ١١٣.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٦٨٥، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٠٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٧٠) عن الفضل بن دكين به. والنسائي (٤٤٩٦) عن قتية به.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"أخرجاه\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١١٧، ٢٤٠٧)، ومسلم (١٥٣٣).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٣٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"11","page":38},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن أحمدَ (^١)، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ وكانَت بلِسانِه لُوثَةٌ (^٢) يَشكو إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه لا يَزالُ يُغبَنُ في البَيع، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا بايَعتَ فْقَل: لا خِلابَةَ. ثُمَّ أنتَ بالخيارِ في كُلِّ سِلعَةٍ ابتَعتَها ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ، فإِن رَضيتَ فأَمسِكْ، وإِن سَخِطتَ فاردُدْ\". قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: فلَكأنِّي الآنَ أسمَعُه إذا ابتاعَ يقولُ: لا خِلابَةَ. يَلوثُ لِساُنه. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحَديثِ محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ قال: كان جَدِّي مُنقِذُ بن عمرٍو، وكانَ رَجُلًا قَد أُصيبَ في رأسِه آمَّةً فكَسَرَت لِسانَه ونَقَصت عَقْلَه، وكانَ يُغبَنُ في البُيوعِ وكانَ لا يَدَعُ التِّجارَةَ، فشَكا ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إذا أنتَ بعتَ فقَل: لا خِلابَةَ. ثُمَّ أنتَ في كُلَّ بَيعٍ تَبتاعُه بالخيارِ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ، إن رَضيتَ فأَمسِكْ، وإن سَخِطتَ فرُدَّ\". فبَقِيَ حَتَّى أدرَكَ زَمانَ عثمانَ وهو ابنُ مِائَةٍ وثَلاثينَ سنةً، وكَثُرَ النّاسُ في زَمانِ عثمانَ، فكانَ إذا اشتَرَى شَيئًا فرَجَعَ به، فقالوا له: لِمَ تَشتَرِي أنتَ؟ فيَقولُ: قَد جَعَلَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيما ابتَعتُ بالخيارِ ثَلاثًا. فيَقولونَ: اردُدْه فإِنَّكَ قَد غُبِنتَ. أو قال: غُشِشتَ. فيَرجِعُ إلَى بَيِّعِه فيَقولُ: خُذْ سِلعَتَكَ ورُدَّ دَراهِمِي. فيَقولُ: لا أفعَلُ قَد رَضيتَ فذَهَبتَ به. حَتَّى يَمُرَّ به الرَّجُلُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَقولَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قد جَعَلَه\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) بلسانه لوثة: أي ضعف في رأيه وتلجلج في كلامه. النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٥.","vol":"11","page":39},{"text":"بالخيارِ فيما يَبتاعُ ثَلاثًا. فيَرُدَّ عَلَيه دَراهِمَه ويأخُذَ سِلعَتَه (^١).\n\n١٠٥٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو الشيخ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن جَميلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ العباس، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. نَحوَه.\n\n١٠٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيَّانَ أبو الشيخ، حدثنا محمدُ بن خالِدٍ يَعنِي ابنَ يَزيدَ الرَّاسِبِيَّ النِّيلِيَّ، حدثنا أبو مَيسَرَةَ أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، حدثنا أبو عَلقَمَةَ الفَرْوِيُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الخيارُ ثَلَاثةُ أيَّامٍ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا مُختَصَرٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ إسحاقَ.\n\n١٠٥٦٠ - أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً قال: حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن لَهيعَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ زَنجُويَه، حدثنا أسَدُ بن موسَى، حدثنا ابنُ لَهَيعَةَ، حدثنا حَيَّانُ بن واسِعٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ أنَّه كَلَّمَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ في البُيوعِ فقالَ: ما أجِدُ لَكُم شَيئًا أوسَعَ ممّا جَعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٥ من طريق محمد بن عمرو بن العباس به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٥٥) من طريق عبد الأعلى به مختصرًا جدًّا. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٨٢٦): هذا إسناد ضعيف لتدليس ابن إسحاق.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٦ من طريق محمد بن خالد به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٣٩: بل حديث منكر، وابن ميسرة متروك.","vol":"11","page":40},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِحَبَّانَ بنِ مُنقِذٍ، إنَّه كان ضَريرَ البَصر، فجَعَلَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عُهد ثلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ إن رَضِيَ أخَذَ، وإِن سَخِطَ تَرَكَ (^١).\nورَواه عُبَيدُ بن أبي قُرَّةَ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن حَبَّانَ بنِ واسِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عُمَرَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢)، ولَم يَقُلْ: ضَريرَ البَصرِ. والحَديثُ يَنفَرِدُ (^٣) به ابنُ لَهيعَةَ (^٤)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2347>بابُ المأخوذِ على طَريقِ السَّومِ وعَلَى بَيعٍ شُرِطَ فيه الخيارُ</span>\n\n١٠٥٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سَيَّارٌ أبو الحَكَم، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: أخَذَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ فرَسًا مِن رَجُلٍ على سَومٍ، فحَمَلَ عَلَيه رَجُلًا فعَطِبَ عِندَه، فخاصَمَه الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: اجعَلْ بَينِي وبَينَكَ رَجُلًا. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فإِنِّي أرضَى بشُريَحٍ العِراقِيِّ. فأتَوا شُرَيحًا فقالَ شُرَيحٌ لِعُمَرَ: أخَذتَه صَحيحًا سَليمًا، وأنتَ له ضامِنٌ حَتَّى تَرُدَّه صَحيحًا سَليمًا. فأعَجَبَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطاب، فبَعَثَه قاضيًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٧ من طريق عبيد به.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"تفرد\".\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام عليه قبل (٢٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٢٧). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ١٨ من طريق المصنف به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ١٨٩، والخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٤٥٢، ٥٣٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"11","page":41},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2348>جِماعُ أبوابِ الرِّبا</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2349>بابُ تَحريم الرِّبا وأنَّه مَوضوعٌ مَردودٌ إلَى رأسِ المالِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (٢٧٨) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩].\n\n١٠٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عمرُو بن زُارَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بِن محمدٍ، عز أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّه في حَجَّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وخُطبَتِه بعَرَفَةَ قال: فقالَ يَعنِي رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ دِماءَكم وأَموالَكُم حَرامٌ عَلَيكُم، كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا، في شَهرِكُم هذا، في بَلَدِكُم هذا، ألا وإِنَّ كُلَّ شَئٍ مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ تَحتَ قَدَمَيَّ هاتَين، ودِماءُ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعَةٌ، وأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أضَعُه دَمٌ لِرَبيعَةَ (^١) بنِ الحارِث، كان مُستَرضَعًا في بَنِي سَعدٍ فقَتَلَته هُذَيلٌ في زَمَنِ الجاهِليَّة، ورِبا الجاهِليّةِ مَوضوعٌ، وأَوَّلُ رِبًا أضَعُه رِبا العباسِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ فإِنَّه مَوضوعٌ كُلُّه\" (^٢). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ربيعة\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).","vol":"11","page":42},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَص، حدثنا شَبيبُ بن غَرقَدَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"ألا إنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا مِن رِبا الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ، لَكُم رُءوسُ أموالِكُم لا تَظلِمونَ ولا تُظْلَمونَ، ألا وإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ مِن دَمِ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ، وأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أضَعُ مِنها دَمُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِب، كان مُستَرضَعًا في بَنِي لَيثٍ فقَتَلَته هُذَيلٌ، اللَّهُمَّ قَد بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. ثَلاثًا، قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا﴾. قال: كان يكونُ لِلرَّجُلِ على الرَّجُلِ دَينٌ، فيَقولُ: لَكَ زيادَةُ كَذا وكَذا وتُؤَخِّرُ عَنِّي (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أنَّه قال: كان الرِّبا في الجاهِليَّةِ أن يَكونَ لِلرَّجُلِ على الرَّجُلِ الحَقُّ إلَى أجلٍ، فإِذا حَلَّ الحَقُّ قال: أتَقضِي أم تُربِي؟ فإِن قَضاه أخَذَ وإِلا زادَه في حَقَّه وزادَه الآخَرُ في الأجَلِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٣٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٠٧)، والترمذي (٢١٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٠٠،١١٢١٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٩، ٣٠٥٥) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وعند أحمد مختصر بدون موضع الشاهد. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أَبى داود (٢٨٥٢).\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٤٥.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٠/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٦٧٢. ومن طريقه =","vol":"11","page":43},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2350>بابُ ما جاءَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ تَحريمِ الرِّبا</span>\n\n١٠٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عُمَرُ بن حَفصٍ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا هُشَيمُ بن بَشيرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - آكِلَ الرَّبا ومُؤكِلَه وكاتِبَه وشاهِدَيه. قال: \"هُم سَواءٌ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٦٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وحَمَّادُ بن سلَمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ آكِلَ الرَّبا ومُؤكِلَه وشاهِدَيه. أو قال: شاهِدَه وكاتِبَه (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ،\n_________\n= محمد بن نصر في السنة (١٧٠)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٢٨).\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٦٣) عن هشيم به. وليس عند أحمد: \"هم سواء\".\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٩٨).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٣٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٢٥) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٣٣٣)، والترمذي (١٢٠٦) من طريق سماك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٥١).","vol":"11","page":44},{"text":"حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى أقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"هَل رأَى أحَدٌ مِنكُمُ اللَّيلَةَ رُؤيا؟ \". الحَديثَ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"رأَيتُ اللَّيلَةَ رَجُلَينِ أتَيانِي فأَخَذا بيَدِي، فأَخرَجانِي إلَى أرضٍ مُستَويَة أو فضاءٍ\". الحديثَ. وقالَ فيه: \"فانطَلَقنا حَتَّى انتَهَينا إلَى نَهَرٍ مِن دَمٍ فيه رِجالٌ قيامٌ ورَجُلٌ قائمٌ على شَطِّ النَّهَرِ بَينَ يَدَيه حِجارَةٌ، فيُقبِلُ الَّذِي في النَّهَر، فإِذا أرادَ أن يَخرُجَ مِنه رَماه الرَّجُلُ بحَجَرٍ في فيه فرَدَّه حَيثُ كان، فجَعَلَ كُلَّما جاءَ ليَخرُجَ رَماه في فيه بحَجَرٍ فرَدَّه حَيثُ كان، فقُلتُ لهما: ما هَذا؟ فقالَ: الَّذِي رأَيتَه في النَّهَرِ آكِلُ الرِّبا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بن أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِيُّ قالا: حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: آخِرُ آيةٍ أنزَلَها اللَّهُ ﷿ على رسولِه - ﷺ - آَيةُ الرِّبا. وقالَ الواسِطِيُّ: أُنزِلَت (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في إثبات عذاب القبر (١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٦٥)، والترمذي (٢٢٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٦٥٩) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٨٦، ٢٠٨٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الفضائل ص ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٦٧ من طريق قبيصة به. وعندهم بأطول من هذا.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٤٤).","vol":"11","page":45},{"text":"١٠٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عَبَّادُ بن راشِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ أبي خَيرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ داودَ بنَ أبي هِندٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن أبي الحَسَنِ مُنذُ أربَعينَ سنةً أو نَحوَ ذَلِكَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يأتِي على النّاسِ زَمانٌ يأكُلونَ فيه الرِّبا، فيأكُلُ ناسٌ - أوِ: النّاسُ كُلُّهُم - فمَن لَم يأكُلْ مِنهُم نالَه مِن غُبارِه\" (^١).\n\n١٠٥٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ (^٢) بن بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي خَيرَةَ، عن الحَسَن، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيأتيَنَّ على النّاسِ زَمانٌ (^٣) لا يَبقَى أحَدٌ إلَّا أكَلَ الرَّبا، فإِن لَم يأكُلْه أصابَه مِن بُخارِه\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2351>بابُ الأجناسِ التي ورَدَ النَّصُّ بجَرَيانِ الرِّبا فيها</span>\n\n١٠٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤١٠)، وأبو داود (٣٣٣١) من طريق هشيم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٢٤).\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"وهيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١١٥.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: زمن.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٣٣١). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٧٨) من طريق داود به. وقال الذهبي =","vol":"11","page":46},{"text":"الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي القَعنَبِيَّ، وأبو مُصعَبٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّه التَمَسَ صَرفًا بمائَةِ (^١) دينارٍ. قال: فدَعانِي طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - فتَراوَضْنا حَتَّى اصطَرَفَ مِنِّي وأخَذَ الذَّهَبَ يُقَلَّبُها في يَدِه، ثُمَّ قال: حَتَّى يأتِيَ خازِنِي مِنَ الغابَةِ. وعُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَسمَعُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: واللَّهِ لا تُفارِقُه حَتَّى تأخُذَ مِنه. ثُمَّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الذَّهَبُ (^٢) والوَرِقُ بالوَرِقِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ (^٣)، والبُرُّ بالبُرِّ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِهِم سَواءٌ، إلَّا أن في حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ: حَتَّى يأتِيَ خازِنِي - أو: حَتَّى تأتِيَ جاريَتِي - مِنَ الغابَةِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَرأتُه على مالكٍ صحيحًا لا شَكَّ (^٥) فيه، ثُمَّ طالَ عليّ الزَّمانُ ولَم أحفَظْ حِفظًا، فشَكَكتُ في جاريَتِي أو خازِنِي، وغَيرِي يقولُ عنه: خازِنِي (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وقالَ: حَتَّى يأتِيَ خازِنِي. وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ والبُخارِيُّ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٧).\n_________\n=٤/ ٢٠٤٢: كلاهما لم يصحا للانقطاع. أي هذا الحديث والذي قبله.\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"ثمانية\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بالذهب ربا إلا هاءَ وهاءَ\".\n(^٣) هاء وهاء؛ بالمد والقصر: صوت بمعنى خذ وهات. ينظر فيض القدير ٣/ ٧٦٣، ٧٦٤.\n(^٤) الشافعي ٣/ ٢٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية أبي مصعب (٢٥٤٩)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٠١٣)، ومالك ٢/ ٦٣٦ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٣١٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤٨) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٥) في م: \"أشك\".\n(^٦) الأم ٣/ ٢٩.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٥٨٦)، والبخاري (٢١٣٤، ٢١٧٠، ٢١٧٤).","vol":"11","page":47},{"text":"١٠٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَبيَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، ولا تُشِفُّوا (^١) بَعضَها على بَعضٍ، ولا تَبيعوا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِقِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، ولا تُشِفُّوا بَعضَها على بَعضٍ، ولا تَبيعوا غائبًا مِنها بناجِزٍ (^٢) \". وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي نَصرٍ: \"ولا تَبيعوا مِنها غائبًا بناجِزٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: وقَد ذَكَرَ عُبادَةُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ مَعناهُما وأوضَحَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما:\n_________\n(^١) لا تشفوا: بضم التاء وكسر الشين المعجمة وتشديد الفاء، أي لا تفضلوا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١١/ ١٠.\n(^٢) المراد بالناجز الحاضر، وبالغائب المؤجل. صحيح سلم بشرح النووي ١١/ ١٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٥٣)، وفي المعرفة (٣٣٣١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٢٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٣٢ - ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٥٨٤)، وابن حبان (٥٠١٦) وأحمد (١١٧٠٠)، والترمذي (١٢٤١) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٧٧)، ومسلم (١٥٨٤/ ٧٥).","vol":"11","page":48},{"text":"١٠٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيُّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ ورَجُلٍ آخَرَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِت، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ، ولا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِق، ولا البُرَّ بالبُرِّ، ولا الشَّعيرَ بالشَّعير، ولا التَّمرَ بالتَّمر، ولا المِلحَ بالمِلح، إلَّا سواءً بسَواءٍ، عَينًا بعَينٍ، يَدًا بيَدٍ، ولَكِن بيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالوَرِق، والوَرِقَ بالذَّهَب، والبُرَّ بالشَّعير، والشَّعيرَ بالبُرِّ، والتَّمرَ بالمِلح، والمِلحَ بالتَّمر، يَدًا بيَدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم\". ونَقَصَ أحَدُهُما المِلحَ أوِ التَّمرَ، وزادَ أحَدُهُما: \"مَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربَى\" (^١). الرَّجُلُ الآخَرُ يُقالُ: هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُبَيدٍ.\n\n١٠٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بن عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سيرينَ، أن مُسلِمَ بنَ يَسارٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُبَيدٍ حَدَّثاه قالا: جَمَعَ المَنزِلُ بَينَ عُبادَةَ ومُعاويَةَ، إمَّا في بِيعَةٍ أو كَنيسَةٍ. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الصَّرفِ (^٢) بطولِه (^٣). وهَذا الحَديثُ لَم يَسمَعْه مُسلِمُ بن يَسارٍ مِن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِت، إنَّما سَمِعَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٣٢)، والشافعي ٣/ ١٤، ١٥.\n(^٢) الصرف: دفع ذهب وأخذ فضة وعكسه. فتح الباري ٤/ ٣٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٥٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٢٩) من طريق سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٥١).","vol":"11","page":49},{"text":"مِن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ عن عُبادَةَ.\n\n١٠٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ (^١)، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي الأشعَث، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ أنَّه قامَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّكُم قَد أحدَثتُم بُيوعًا ما أدرِي ما هِيَ، وإِنَّ الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَب، تِبرَه وعَينَه، وزنًا بوَزنٍ يَدًا بيَدٍ، والفِضَّةَ بالفِضَّةِ وزنا بوزن، [يَدًا بيَدٍ تِبرُها وعَينُها، ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ الذَّهَبِ بالفِضَّةِ والفِضَّةُ أكثَرُهُما] (^٢) يَدًا بيَدٍ، ولا يَصلُحُ نَساءً، والبُرُّ بالبُرِّ [مُدْىٌ بمُدْىٍ] (^٣) يَدًا بيَدٍ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ [مُدْىٌ بمُدْىٍ] (^٣) يَدًا بيَدٍ، ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ الشَّعيرِ بالبُرِّ والشَّعيرُ أكثَرُهُما يَدًا بيَدٍ، ولا يَصلُحُ نَسيئَةً، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ. حَتَّى عَدَّ المِلحَ بالمِلحِ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ يَدًا بيَدٍ، مَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربِى. قال قَتادَةُ: وكانَ عُبادَةُ بَدريًّا عَقَبيًّا أحَدَ نُقَباءِ الأنصار، وكانَ بايَعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على ألَّا يَخافَ في اللَّهِ لَومَةَ لائمٍ (^٤). كَذا رَواه ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ.\nورَواه هَمّامُ بن يَحيَى وهو مِنَ الثَّقاتِ عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"أنبا أنبا يزيد بن هارون\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"وزنا بوزن\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"مدًّا بمد\". والمُدْى: مكيال لأهل الشام يسع خمسة عشر مكركا، والمكرك صاع ونصف، وقيل: أكثر من ذلك. النهاية ٤/ ٣١٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٧٧) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٥٤).","vol":"11","page":50},{"text":"مُسلِمٍ مَوصولًا مَرفوعًا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٠٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن علي بنِ (^١) رَجاءٍ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن مُسلِمٍ المَكَّيَّ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ أنَّه شَهِدَ خُطبَةَ عُبادَةَ فسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ تِبرُه وعَينُه، وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّة، تِبرُها وعَينُها، وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والبُرَّ بالبُرِّ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمر، والمِلحُ بالمِلح، مَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربَى، ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ الشَّعيرِ بالبُرِّ يَدًا بيَدٍ والشَّعيرُ أكثَرُهُما\" (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ.\nوالحَديثُ الثّابِتُ صَحيحٌ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أبي الأشعَثِ عن عُبادَةَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٠٥٧٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ القَواريرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: كُنتُ بالشَّامِ في حَلْقَهٍ فيها مُسلِمُ بن يَسارٍ فجاءَ أبو الأشعَثِ. قال: قالوا: أبو الأشعَث، أبو الأشعَثِ. فجَلَسَ، فقُلتُ له: حَدِّثْ أخانا حَديثَ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ. قال: نَعَم، غَزَونا غَزاةً وعَلَى النّاسِ مُعاويَةُ، فغَنِمنا غَنائمَ كَثيرَةً،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: نا ابن رجاء. وهو عبد الله. هكذا في الحاشية من خط الحافظ أبي القاسم ابن عساكر\". اهـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٩٥ ترجمة عبد الله بن رجاء البصرى.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٧٨) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (١٠٦٣٩).","vol":"11","page":51},{"text":"وكانَ فيما غَنِمنا آنيَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ فأمَرَ مُعاويَةُ رَجُلًا أن يَبيعَها في أَعطِياتِ النّاس، فسارَعَ الناسُ في ذَلِكَ، فبَلَغَ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ فقامَ فقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عن بَيعِ الذَّهَبِ بالذَّهَب، والفِضَّةِ بالفِضَّة، والبُرِّ بالبُرِّ، والشَّعيرِ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرِ بالتَّمر، والمِلحِ بالمِلح، إلَّا سَواءً بسَواءٍ، عَينًا بعَينٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربَى. فرَدَّ النّاسُ ما أخَذوا، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعاويَةَ فقامَ خَطيبًا فقالَ: ألا ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَتَحَدَّثونَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحاديثَ قَد كُنّا نَشهَدُه ونَصحَبُه ولَم نَسمَعْها مِنه؟! فقامَ عُبادَةُ فأعادَ القِصَّةَ ثُمَّ قال: لَنُحَدِّثَنَّ بما سَمِعْنا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وإِن كَرِهَ مُعاويَةُ - أو قال: وإِن رَغِمَ مُعاويَةُ - ما أُبالِي ألَّا أصحَبَه في جُندِه لَيلَةً سَوداءَ. قال حَمَّادٌ: هذا أو نَحوَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ القَواريرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بن بَشَّارٍ؛ قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ ابنُ بَشَّارٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن عبد المَجيد، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ قال: كُنَّا في غَزاةٍ عَلَينا مُعاويَةُ فأصَبْنا ذَهَبًا وفِضَّةً، فأمَرَ مُعاويَةُ رَجُلًا أن يَبيعَها (^٣) النَّاسَ في أَعطياتِهِم، فتَسارَعَ النَّاسُ فيها، فقامَ عُبادَةُ بن الصَّامِتِ فنَهاهُم فرَدُّوها، فأتَى الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى (١٢٤٣)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٢/ ٥٧٨ من طريق القواريرى به. وأبو عوانة (٥٣٩٣)، وإسحاق القاضي في جزء أحاديث أيوب (٢٨) من طريق حماد به، وسيأتي في (١٠٦٠٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٧/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"في\".","vol":"11","page":52},{"text":"مُعاويَةَ فشَكا إلَيه، فقامَ مُعاويَةُ خَطيبًا فقالَ: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَتَحَدَّثونَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحاديثَ يَكذِبونَ فيها عَلَيه لَم نَسمَعْها مِنه؟! فقامَ عُبادَةُ بن الصَّامِتِ فقالَ: واللَّهِ لَنُحَدِّثَنَّ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وإِن كَرِهَ مُعاويَةُ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَب، ولا الفِضَّةَ بالفِضَّة، ولا البُرَّ بالبُرِّ، ولا الشَّعيرَ بالشَّعير، ولا المِلحَ بالمِلح، ولا التَّمرَ بالتَّمر، إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، سَواءً بسَواءٍ، عَينًا بعَينٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاق بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذَّاء، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَث، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّةِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والمِلحُ بالمِلحِ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ مِثلًا بمِثل، والبُرُّ بالبُرُّ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ استَزادَ فقَد أربَى، فبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالفِضَّةِ يَدًا بَيدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم، والتَّمرَ بالملحِ يَدًا بَيدٍ، والشَّعيرَ بالبُرِّ يَدًا بَيدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٨١ - ورَواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَب، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّة، والبُرُّ بالبُرُّ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرُ بالتّمر، والمِلحُ بالمِلح، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٢٣٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨٠٥)، وأبو عوانة (٥٣٩٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٧/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٤٠) من طريق الثوري به.","vol":"11","page":53},{"text":"سَواءً بسَواءٍ، يَدًا بيَدٍ، فإِذا اختَلَفَتْ (^١) هذه الأصنافُ فبيعوا كَيفَ شِئتُم إذا كان يَدًا بيَدٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الذَّهَبُ الكِفَّةُ بالكِفَّة، والفِضَّةُ الكِفَّةُ بالكِفَّةِ\". حَتَّى خَصَّ أن قال: \"المِلحُ، بالمِلحِ\". فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: إنَّ هذا لا يقولُ شَيئًا. فقالَ عُبادَةُ: أشهَدُ (^٤) أنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"اختلف\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٢٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠١٨) من طريق وكيع به. والترمذي (١٢٤٠) من طريق الثوري به. وسيأتي في (١٠٦٠٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٨٧/ ٨١).\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"اشهدوا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٢٤)، والنسائي (٤٥٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٥٧).","vol":"11","page":54},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2352>بابُ تَحريمِ التَّفاضُلِ في الجِنْسِ الواحِدِ ممّا يَجرِي فيه الرِّبَا مَعَ تَحريمِ النَّساءِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٨٣ - استِدلالًا بما مَضَى وبِما أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القاضِي، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الرَّمْليُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ مالكَ بنَ أبي عامِرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الدِّينارَ بالدِّينارَينِ ولا الدِّرهَمَ بالدِّرهَمَينِ\"، لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ عبدانَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي تَميمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن موسَى بنِ أبي تَميمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٤٣٣ من طريق يزيد بن خالد به. والبزار (٣٨٢)، وأبو عوانة (٥٤٣٤)، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٣٩٣ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٥).","vol":"11","page":55},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الدِّينارُ بالدِّينارِ لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَمِ لا فضلَ بَينَهُما\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه عن أبي الطَّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو المُتَوَكِّلِ النَّاجِيُّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَب، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّة، والبُرُّ بالبُرِّ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمر، والمِلحُ بالمِلح، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، يَدًا بيَدٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربَى، الآخِذُ والمُعطِي فيه سَواءٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الوَليدِ الفَحَّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ على ابنِ عُمَرَ فحَدَّثَه بحَديثٍ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، فقَدِمَ أبو سعيدٍ فنَزَلَ هذه الدَّارَ، فأخَذَ بيَدِي حَتَّى أتَيناه فقالَ: ما يُحَدِّثُ هذا عَنكَ؟ قال أبو سعيدٍ: بَصُرَ عَينِي وسَمِعَ أُذُنِي - قال: فما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٣٨)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٣٢ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٩٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٥٨١)، وابن حبان (٥٠١٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٨).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٢٨) عن وكيع به. والنسائي (٤٥٧٩) من طريق أبي المتوكل به.\n(^٤) مسلم ٣/ ١٢١٠ (١٥٨٤/ ٨٢).","vol":"11","page":56},{"text":"نَسيتُ قَولَه بإِصبَعِه - رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الذَّهَبِ بالذَّهَب، وبَيعِ الوَرِقِ بالوَرِق، إلَّا سَواءً بسَواءٍ، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، \"ولا تُشِفّوا أحَدَهُما على الآخَر، ولا تَبيعوا غائبًا بناجِزٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا [عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ] (^٣) بنِ بشرانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ البَزَّازُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عمرَو بنَ ثابِتٍ العُتْوارِيَّ حَدَّثَ ابنَ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الدِّينارُ بالدِّينار، والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَم، لا فضلَ بَينَهُما\". فمَشَى عبدُ اللَّهِ ومَعَه نافِعٌ حَتَّى دَخَلَ على أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ فسألَه، فقالَ: بَصُرَ عَينِي وسَمِعَ أُذُنِي رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الدِّينارُ بالدِّينار، والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَم، وزنٌ بوَزنٍ، لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، ولا يُباعُ عاجِلٌ بآجِلٍ\" (^٤).\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٨٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٨٥) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٤/ ٧٦)، والبخاري (٢١٧٦).\n(^٣) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"أبو الحسين\".\n(^٤) فوائد أبي الحسين بن بشران (٨٦ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية)، وعنه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٨٦. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٧٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والطبري في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٧٢ - مسند عمر) من طريق يحيى به بهذا اللفظ، وعند بعضهم مختصر.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٨٤/ ٨٦)، ولم يسق لفظه ولكن قال: بنحو حديث الليث.","vol":"11","page":57},{"text":"إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ بن فرُّوخَ قالا: حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يقولُ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ في الصَّرفِ ولَم يَسمَعْ فيه مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - شَيئًا. قال: قال عُمَرُ: لا تَبايعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَب، ولا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِق، إلا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ سَواءً بسَواءٍ، ولا تُشِفُّوا بَعضَه على بَعضٍ، إنِّي أخافُ عَلَيكُم الرَّماءَ (^١) قال: قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: وما الرَّماءُ؟ قال: الرِّبا. قال: فحَدَّثَه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ حَديثًا. قال نافِعٌ: فأخَذَ بيَدِ الأنصارِيِّ وأنا مَعَهُما حَتَّى دَخَلْنا على أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، فقالَ: يا أبا سعيدٍ هذا حَدَّثَ عَنكَ حَديثَ كَذا وكَذا. قال: ما هو؟ فذَكَرَه. قال: نَعَم، سَمِعَ أُذُنايَ وبَصُرَ عَينِي - قالَها ثَلاثًا، فأشارَ بإِصبَعَيه حيالَ عَينَيه - مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ: \"لا تَبايَعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَب، ولا تَبايَعوا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِق، إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، سَواءً بسَواءٍ، ولا تَبيعوا شَيئًا مِنها غائبًا بناجِزٍ، ولا تُشِفُّوا بَعضَه على بَعضٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرُّوخَ دونَ قَولِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ بنُ السَّمَّاكِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الرماء بفتح أوله وبالمد، قاله الكسائى وغيره، ووهم من يقصره مع كسر أوله وفتحه .... \".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٧٨)، والخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٩٤ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٨٤/ ٧٦).","vol":"11","page":58},{"text":"عُمَرَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ المَكِّيّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ فجاءَ صائغٌ فقالَ (^١): يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ إنِّي أصوغُ الذَّهَبَ، ثُمَّ أبيعُ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ بأكثَرَ مِن وزنِه، فأستَفضِلُ في ذَلِكَ قَدرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي. فنَهاه ابنُ عُمَرَ عن ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلَ الصَّائغُ يَرُدُّ عَلَيه المَسألَةَ وابنُ عُمَرَ يَنهاه حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى بابِ المَسجِدِ إلَى دابَّةٍ يَركَبُها، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: الدِّينارُ بالدِّينار، والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَم، لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، هذا عَهدُ نَبيِّنا - ﷺ - إلَينا وعَهدُنا إلَيكُم (^٢).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ دَلالَةٌ على أن ابنَ عُمَرَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا، وإِنَّما سَمِعَه مِن أبيه ثُمَّ عن أبي سعيدٍ.\n\n١٠٥٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال. الدِّينارُ بالدِّينار، والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَم، لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، هذا عَهدُ نَبيِّنا - ﷺ - إلَينا وعَهدُنا إلَيكُم (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٩١ - ورَواه الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ المُزَنِيِّ عنه بطولِه في قِصَّةِ الصّائغ، ثُمَّ قال: هذا خَطأٌ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن وَرْدانَ الرُّومِيّ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنِّي رَجُلٌ أصوغُ الحُلِيَّ ثُمَّ أبيعُه وأستَفضِلُ فيه قَدرَ أُجرَتِي أو عَمَلِ يَدِي، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، هذا عَهدُ صاحِبِنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"له\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٦٣٣، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٥/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٣) الشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٢٢١).","vol":"11","page":59},{"text":"إلَينا (^١) وعَهدُنا إلَيكُم. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: يَعنِي بصاحِبِنا عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ. أخبَرَناه أبو إسحاقَ الأُرْمَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا شافِعُ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ سَلامَةَ، حدثنا المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي القَعنَبِيَّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبي سُفيانَ باعَ سِقايَةً مِن ذَهَبٍ أو مِن ورِقٍ بأكثَرَ مِن وزنِها، فقالَ له أبو الدَّرداءِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عن مِثلِ هذا إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: ما أَرَى بهَذا بأسًا. فقالَ له أبو الدَّرداءِ: مَن يَعذِرُنِي مِن مُعاويَةَ؟ أُخبِرُه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويُخبِرُنِي عن رأيِه! لا أُساكِنُكَ بأرضٍ أنتَ بها. ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أبو الدَّرداءِ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فذَكَرَ له ذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى مُعاويَةَ ألَّا يَبيعَ ذلِكَ إلا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، وزنًا بوَزنٍ (^٣). ولَم يَذكُرِ الرَّبيعُ عن الشَّافِعِيِّ في هذا قُدومَ أبي الدَّرداءِ على عُمَرَ، وقَد ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ المُزَنِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"إليكم\".\n(^٢) السنن المأثورة عقب (٢٢١، ٢٢٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٤٤)، والشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٢٢٣)، ومالك ٢/ ٦٣٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٥٣١)، والنسائي (٤٥٨٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٦٣).","vol":"11","page":60},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2353>بابُ مَن قال: الرِّبا في النَّسيئَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبي يَزيدَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما (^١) الرِّبا في النَّسيئَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه طاوُسٌ وعَطاءُ بن أبي رَباحٍ وغَيرُهُما عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٥٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو صالِحٍ السَّمَّانُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَم، والدِّينارُ بالدِّينار، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ لَيسَ بَينَهُما فضلٌ\". قُلتُ لأبِي سعيدٍ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ لا يَرَى به بأسًا. فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: قَد لَقِيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ له: أخبِرْنِي عن هذا الَّذِي تَقولُ، أشَئٌ وجَدتَه في\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٤٧)، والشافعي في السنن المأثورة (٢١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٧٨)، والنسائي (٤٥٩٤) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٩٦/ ١٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤٣)، ومسلم (١٥٩٦/ ١٠٣) من طريق طاوس به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦١٧٤) من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"11","page":61},{"text":"كِتابِ اللَّهِ أو شَئٌ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: ما وجَدتُه في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ولا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولأنتُم أعلمُ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنِّي، ولَكِن أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الرِّبا في النَّسيئَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٠٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن دينارٍ وعامِرُ بن مُصعَبٍ أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا المِنهالِ يقولُ: سألتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ وزَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ عن الصَّرفِ فقالا: كُنّا تاجِرَينِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الصَّرفِ فقالَ: \"ما كان مِنه يَدًا بيَدٍ فلا بأسَ، وما كان مِنه نَسيئَةً فلا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ دونَ ذِكرِ عامِرِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ (^٤)، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ حَجَّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مَعَ ذِكرِ عامِرِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ (^٥)، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بن الحَجَّاجِ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمِ بنِ مَيمونٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المدخل إلى السنن الكبرى (١)، والحميدي (٧٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٥٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٩٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٩٦/ ١٠١)، والبخاري (٢١٧٨، ٢١٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٧٦)، والنسائي (٤٥٩٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٦٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٠٦١).","vol":"11","page":62},{"text":"أبي المِنهالِ قال: باعَ شَريكٌ لِي ورِقًا بنَسيئَةٍ إلَى المَوسِمِ أو إلَى الحَجِّ (^١).\nفذَكَرَه، وبِمَعناه رَواه البخاريُّ عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أحمدُ بن رَوحٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٣). وروِيَ عن الحُمَيدِيّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي المِنهالِ قال: باعَ شَريكٌ لِي بالكوفَةِ دَراهِمَ بدَراهِمَ بَينَهُما فضلٌ (^٤).\nعِندِي أن هذا خَطأٌ، والصَّحيحُ ما رَواه عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن حاتِمٍ، وهو المُرادُ بما أُطلِقَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، فيَكونُ الخَبَرُ وارِدًا في بَيعِ الجِنسَينِ أحَدِهِما بالآخَر، فقالَ: \"ما كان مِنه يَدًا بيَدٍ فلا بأسَ، وما كان مِنه نَسيئَةً فلا\". وهو المرادُ بحَديثِ أُسامَةَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوالَّذِي يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ أيضًا ما:\n\n١٠٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي حَبيبٌ هو ابنُ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا المِنهالِ قال: سألتُ البَراءَ وزَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ عن الصَّرف، فكِلاهُما يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ [الوَرِقِ بالذَّهَبِ] (^٥) دَينًا (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٨٩/ ٨٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٩٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٦ من طريق أحمد به.\n(^٤) الحميدي (٧٢٧).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"الذهب بالورق\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٤١)، والنسائي (٤٥٩١) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"11","page":63},{"text":"عن أبي عُمَرَ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2354>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على رُجوعِ مَن قال مِنَ الصَّدرِ الأوَّلِ: لا رِبَا إلَّا في النَّسيئَةِ. عن قَولِه ونُزوعِه عَنه</span>\n\n١٠٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وابنَ عباسٍ عن الصَّرف، فلَم يَرَيا به بأسًا، فإِنِّي لَقاعِدٌ عِندَ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ فسألتُه عن الصَّرفِ فقالَ: ما زادَ فهو رِبًا. فأنكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِقَولِهِما، فقالَ: لا أُحَدِّثُكُم إلَّا ما سَمِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، جاءَه صاحِبُ نَخلِه بصاعٍ مِن تَمرٍ طَيِّبٍ، وكانَ تَمرُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هو الدُّونَ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أنَّى لَكَ هذا؟ \". قال: انطَلَقتُ بصاعِي واشتَرَيتُ به هذا الصَّاعَ، فإِنَّ سِعرَ هذا بالسُّوقِ كَذا، وسِعرَ هذا بالسُّوقِ كَذا. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أربَيتَ، إذا أرَدتَ ذَلِكَ فبعْ تَمرَكَ بسِلعَةٍ، ثُمَّ اشتَرِ بسِلعَتِكَ أيَّ تَمرٍ شِئتَ\". فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: فالتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ أحَقُّ أن يَكونَ رِبًا أو الفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّةِ؟ قال: فأتَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ بَعدُ فنَهانِي ولَم آتِ ابنَ عباسٍ. قال: فحَدَّثَنِي أبو الصَّهباءِ أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عباسٍ عنه فكَرِهَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وقالَ: وكانَ تَمرُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هذا اللَّونَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٨٠، ٢١٨١)، ومسلم (١٥٨٩/ ٨٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٧٥) من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٩٤/ ١٠٠). واللون: نوع من النخل، وقيل: هو الدقل - ردئ التمر - وقيل: النخل كله =","vol":"11","page":64},{"text":"١٠٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ أبو عليٍّ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ وهو ابنُ ابنَةِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا جَدِّي الحَسَنُ بن عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَك، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن (^١) القَعقاع، عن مَعروفِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا الجَوزاءِ يقولُ: كُنتُ أخدُمُ ابنَ عباسٍ تِسعَ سِنينَ إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فسألَه عن دِرهَمٍ بدِرهَمَينِ؟ فصاحَ ابنُ عباسٍ وقالَ: إنَّ هذا يأمُرُنِي أن أُطعِمَه الرِّبا! فقالَ ناسٌ حَولَه: إن كُنَّا لَنَعمَلُ هذا (^٢) بفُتياكَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: قَد كُنتُ أُفتِي بذَلِكَ حَتَّى حَدَّثَنِي أبو سعيدٍ وابنُ عُمَرَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عنه، فأنا أنهاكُم عَنه (^٣).\n\n١٠٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي شَمخِ بنِ فزارَةَ سألَه عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فرأى أُمَّها\n_________\n= ما خلا البرنى والعجوة. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٧٨.\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أبي\" وهو يعقوب بن القعقاع بن الأعلم الأزدي أبو الحسن قاضي مرو. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٩٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٢٩٢ من طريق المصنف به. وابن شاهين في ناسخه (٤٩٢) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"11","page":65},{"text":"فأعجَبَته فطَلَّقَ امرأتَه، أيَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّها؟ قال: لا بأس. فتَزَوَّجَها الرَّجُلُ، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ على بَيتِ المال، وكانَ يَبيعُ نُفايَةَ (^١) بَيتِ المال، يُعطِي الكَثيرَ، ويأخُذُ القَليلَ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ، فسألَ أصحابَ محمدٍ - ﷺ - فقالوا: لا يَحِلُّ (^٢) لِهَذا الرَّجُلِ هذه المَرأةُ، ولا تَصلُحُ الفِضُّةُ إلَّا وزنًا بوَزنٍ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ عبدُ اللَّهِ انطَلَقَ إلَى الرَّجُلِ فلَم يَجِدْه ووَجَدَ قَومَه، فقالَ: إنَّ الَّذِي أفتَيتُ به صاحِبَكُم لا يَحِلُّ. فقالوا: إنَّها قَد نَثَرَت له بَطنَها (^٣). قال: وإن كان. وأتَى الصَّيارِفَةَ فقالَ: يا مَعشَرَ الصَّيارِفَة، إنَّ الَّذِي كُنتُ أُبايِعُكُم لا يَحِلُّ، لا تَحِلُّ الفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّةِ إلَّا وزنًا بوَزنٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2355>بابُ جَوازِ التَّفاضُلِ في الجِنسَيِن، وأنَّ البُرَّ والشَّعيرَ جِنسانِ، مَعَ تَحريمِ النَّساءِ إذا جَمَعَتهُما عِلَّةٌ واحِدَةٌ في الرِّبا</span>\n\n١٠٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بن العَوَّام، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ الفِضَّةِ بالفِضَّة، والذَّهَبِ بالذَّهَب، إلَّا سَواءً بسَواءٍ، وأمَرَنا أن نَشتَرِيَ الفِضَّةَ بالذَّهَبِ ونَشتَرِيَ الذَّهَبَ بالفِضَّةِ كَيفَ شِئنا.\n_________\n(^١) نُفاية: أي ردئ الشئ وبقيته. ينظر التاج ٤٠/ ١١٨ (ن ف ي).\n(^٢) في الأصل: بالوجهين بالتاء والياء.\n(^٣) أي: ولدت له أولادًا. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٥.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٤١، وسيأتي في (١٤٠١٩).","vol":"11","page":66},{"text":"قال: فسألَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يَدًا بيَدٍ؟ فقالَ: هَكَذا سَمِعتُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عِمرانَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيع، كِلاهُما عن عَبَّادِ بنِ العَوَّامِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي (^٣) أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"التَّمرُ بالتَّمر، والحِنطَةُ بالحِنطَة، والشعيرُ بالشَّعير، والمِلحُ بالمِلح، مِثلًا بمِثل، يَدًا بيَدٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ استَزادَ فقَد أربَى إلَّا ما اختَلَفَت ألوانُه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٠٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا توبةُ (^٦) بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي اللَّيث، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذَّاء، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ أنَّه شَهِدَ النّاسَ يَتَبايَعونَ آنيَةَ الذَّهَبِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٩٢) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. وأحمد (٢٠٣٩٥)، وابن حبان (٥٠١٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٨٢)، ومسلم (١٥٩٠).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"أخبرني\" بخطه.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٧٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٨٨/ ٨٣).\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخط الحافظ أبي القاسم: صوابه: يزيد بن الهيثم، وهو كذلك في خط المصنف\".","vol":"11","page":67},{"text":"والفِضَّةِ إلَى الأَعطيَة، فقالَ عُبادَةُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"بيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَب، والفِضَّةَ بالفِضَّة، والبُرَّ بالبُرِّ، والشَّعيرَ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرَ بالتَّمر، والمِلحَ بالمِلح، سَواءً بسَواءٍ، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ ازْدادَ (^١) فقَد أربَى، فإِذا اختَلَفَ (^٢) هذه الأصنافُ فبيعوها يَدًا بيَدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم لا بأسَ به، الذَّهَبُ بالفِضَّةِ يَدًا بيَدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم، والبُرُّ بالشَّعيرِ يَدًا بيَدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم، والمِلحُ بالتَّمرِ (^٣) يَدًا بيَدٍ كَيفَ شِئتُم\" (^٤).\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ الثورِيِّ كما مَضَى (^٥). وهَذِه رِوايَةٌ صَحيحَةٌ مُفَسَّرَةُ.\n\n١٠٦٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطَانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفَّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ أنَّه شاهَدَ خُطبَةَ عُبادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ الشَّعيرِ بالبُرِّ والشَّعيرُ أكثَرُهُما (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"استزاد\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: اختلفت\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"بالبر\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٧٨ - ١٠٥٨٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٨٧/ ٨١).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٧٧).\nوكتب في الأصل تحت كلمة: \"أكثرهما\": \"إجازة\" وفي الحاشية: \"قلت: هو في أصل المصنف بخطه غير ملحق\".","vol":"11","page":68},{"text":"١٠٦٠٤ - ورَواه بشرُ بن عُمَرَ عن هَمَّامٍ وقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ الذَّهَبِ بالفِضَّةِ والفِضَّةُ [أكثَرُهُما يَدًا بيَدٍ، فأمّا (^٢) النَّسيئَةُ فلا، ولا بأسَ ببَيعِ البُرِّ بالشَّعيرِ] (^١) والشَّعيرُ أكثَرُهُما يَدًا بيَدٍ، وأمّا النَّسيئَةُ فلا\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٠٥ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن يوسُفَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ أحمدُ بن عمرٍو، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بن الحارِثِ أن أبا النَّضرِ حَدَّثَه أن بُسرَ بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه عن مَعمَرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ أنَّه أرسَلَ غُلامَه بصاعِ قَمحٍ قال: بعْ ثُمَّ اشتَرِ به شَعيرًا. فذَهَبَ فأخَذَ صاعًا وزيادَةَ بَعضِ صاعٍ، فلَمّا جاءَ مَعمَرٌ أخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، فقالَ له مَعمَرٌ: لِمَ فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ؟ انطَلِقْ فرُدَّه ولا تأخُذَنَّ (^٤) إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ؛ فإِنِّي كُنتُ أسمَعُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الطَّعامُ بالطَّعامِ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ\". وكانَ طَعامُنا يَومَئذٍ شَعيرًا. قيلَ: فإِنَّه لَيسَ مِثلَه. قال: فإِنِّي أخافُ أن يُضارعَ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: ص ٥.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وأما\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٤٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٦٤).\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"تأخذون\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٥١)، وابن حبان (٥٠١١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٩٢).","vol":"11","page":69},{"text":"فهَذا الَّذِي كَرِهَه مَعمَرُ بن عبد اللَّهِ خَوفَ الوُقوعِ في الرِّبا احتياطٌ (^١) مِن جِهَتِه لا رِوايَةٌ، والرَّوايَةُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عامَّةٌ تَحتَمِلُ الأمرَينِ جَميعًا؛ أن يَكونَ أرادَ الجِنسَ الواحِدَ دونَ الجِنسَين، أو هُما مَعًا، فلَّما جاءَ عُبادَةُ بن الصَّامِتِ بقَطعِ أحَدِ الاحتِمالَينِ نَصًّا وجَبَ المَصيرُ إلَيه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2356>بابُ التَّقابُضِ في المَجلِسِ في الصَّرفِ وما في مَعناه مِن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ بَعضِه ببَعض</span>\n\n١٠٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا لَيثٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِيُّ وأخبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ - وهَذا حَديثُ أبي الوَليدِ - عن مالكِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: أقبَلتُ أقولُ: مَن يَصطَرِفُ الدَّراهِمَ؟ فقالَ طَلحَةُ: أرِنا الذَّهَبَ حَتَّى يأتِيَ الخازِنُ، ثُمَّ تَعالَ فخُذْ ورِقَكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﷺ -: كَلَّا والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَتَرُدَّنَّ إلَيه ذَهَبَه أو لَتَنقُدَنَّه ورِقَه؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الذَّهَبُ بالوَرِقِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والبُرُّ بالبُرِّ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ\". وقالَ قُتَيبَةُ: فقالَ طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وهو عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ. وقالَ: فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليد،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"احتاطا\"، وفي م: \"احتياطا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٤٣) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٠) من طريق الليث به.=","vol":"11","page":70},{"text":"ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ أوَّلًا قَبلَ أن نَلقَى الزُّهرِيَّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: أتَيتُ بمائَةِ دينارٍ أبغِي بها صَرفًا، فقالَ لِي طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: عِندَنا صَرفٌ، انتَظِرْ يأتِي خازِنُنا مِنَ الغابَةِ. وأخَذَ مِنِّي المائَةَ دينارٍ، فسألتُ عُمَرَ فقالَ لِي عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لا تُفارِقْه فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الذَّهَبُ بالوَرِقِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ\" والبُرُّ بالبُرُّ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ\". قال سفيانُ: فلَمّا جاءَنا الزُّهرِيُّ تَفَقَّدتُه فلَم يَذكُرْ هذا الكَلامَ، قال: وسَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ النَّصرِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الذَّهَبُ بالوَرِقِ رِبًا\". فذَكَرَ (^٢) مِثله سَواءً (^٣). قال سفيان: وهَذا أصَحّ حَديثٍ روِيَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في\n_________\n= وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المصنف: قال. ثم كتب: قلت: الصواب كما في خط المصنف، وقد وقع \"قاله\" في الرواية، والوجه \"قال\" أي أن عمر بن الخطاب قال بدل قوله في الرواية الأولى: فإني سمعت رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: الذهب بالورق إلى آخره. فإن رسول الله - ﷺ - قال: الذهب بالورق إلى آخره. ولا يصح إثبات الهاء والمعنى ذلك، والله سبحانه أعلم\".\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٧٠)، ومسلم (١٥٨٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"فذكره\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٠، الحميدي (١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٢)، والنسائي (٤٥٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٥٣، ٢٢٥٩) من طريق سفيان عن الزهري به.","vol":"11","page":71},{"text":"هذا. يَعنِي في الصَّرفِ. ورُبَّما قال سفيانُ فيه: حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ قال: أخبرَنِي مالكٌ. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ مُختَصَرًا (^١).\n\n١٠٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ أنَّه قال: أرَدتُ صَرفًا فقالَ لي طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: أنا أُصرِفُكَ حَتَّى يأتِيَ خازِنِي مِنَ الغابَةِ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطاب: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الوَرِقُ بالوَرِقِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والحِنطَةُ بالحِنَطَةِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ رِبًا إلَّا هاءَ وهاءَ\" (^٢). كَذا في (^٣) هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ: \"الوَرِقُ بالوَرِق، والذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ\". ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ في الحَديثِ المَرفوعِ كما مَضَى.\n\n١٠٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ النَّجَّادُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ القاضِي، حدثنا سعيدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ: لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ إلا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، ولا تَبيعوا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِقِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، ولا تَبيعوا الوَرِقَ بالذَّهَبِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٣٤)، ومسلم (١٥٨٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٢١٧٤) من طريق مالك، وابن ماجه (٢٢٥٣)، وأبو عوانة (٥٣٨٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة، كلاهما عن الزهري به، وعند البخاري وابن ماجه دون ذكر \"الورق\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال\".","vol":"11","page":72},{"text":"أحَدُهُما غائبٌ والآخَرُ ناجِزٌ، وإِنِ استَنظَرَكَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ بَيتَه فلا تُنظِرْه إلَّا يَدًا بَيدٍ هاتِ وهَذا، إنِّي أخشَى عَلَيكُمُ الرِّبا (^١).\n\n١٠٦١٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عَبَّادٌ العَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن أبي حَكيمٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا وكيعٌ، جَميعًا عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذَّاء، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَث، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِت، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَب، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّة، والبُرُّ بالبرُّ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعير، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمر، والمِلحُ بالمِلح، مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، فإِذا اختَلَفَت هذه الأصناف فبيعوا كَيفَ شِئتُم إذا كان يَدًا بيَدٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2357>بابُ اقتِضاءِ الذَّهَبِ مِنَ الوَرِقِ</span>\n\n١٠٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بن العباسِ العَقَبِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنتُ أبيعُ الإبِلَ في البَقيعِ فأبيعُ بالدَّنانيرِ وآخُذُ الدَّراهِمَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٦٣٥، وعلي بن حجر في حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣٤) عن عبد الله بن دينار بنحوه. وفي رواية مالك: \"إني أخاف عليكم الرماء والرماء الربا\"، وفي حديث علي مثله، وعنده \"وهات ها .. \".\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٢٧٢٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٨١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٨٧/ ٨١).","vol":"11","page":73},{"text":"وأبيعُ بالدَّراهِمِ وآخُذُ الدَّنانيرَ، فوَقَعَ في نَفسِي مِن ذَلِكَ فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو في بَيتِ حَفصَةَ - أو قال: حينَ خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِ حَفصَةَ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ روَيدَكَ أسألْكَ: إنِّي أبيعُ الإبِلَ بالبَقيعِ فأبيعُ بالدَّنانيرِ وآخُذُ الدَّراهِمَ، وأبيعُ بالدَّراهِمِ وآخُذُ الدَّنانيرَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا بأسَ أن تأخُذَها بسِعرِ يَومِها ما لَم تَتَفَرَّقا (^١) وبَينَكُما شَئٌ\" (^٢).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه إسرائيلُ عن سِماكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوَّاب، حدثنا عَمَّارُ بن رُزَيقٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنتُ أبيعُ الإبِلَ بالبَقيعِ فيَجتَمِعُ عِندِي مِنَ الدَّراهِمِ فأبيعُها مِنَ الرَّجُلِ بالدَّنانيرِ ويُعطينيها لِلغَدِ (^٤) فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"إذا بايَعتَ الرَّجُلَ بالذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ فلا تُفارِقْه وبَينَكُما لَبسٌ\" (^٥).\nوبِقَريبٍ مِن مَعناه روِيَ في إحدَى الروايَتَينِ عن إسرائيلَ عن سِماكٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تفرقا\" وفي حاشية الأصل: بخطه: \"تفترقا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه عقب (٢٢٦٢) من طريق يعقوب به. وأحمد (٥٥٥٩)، وأبو داود (٣٣٥٤)، والترمذي (١٢٤٢)، والنسائي (٤٥٩٦) من طريق حماد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٥٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣٥٥) من طريق إسرائيل به بنحو اللفظ الآتي قريبًا. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٢٤٧) من طريق إسرائيل به، بلفظ: \"بسعر يومك\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"الغد\".\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٤٦٧) عن عمار به.","vol":"11","page":74},{"text":"وعن أبي الأحوَصِ عن سِماكٍ (^١)، والحَديثُ يَتَفَرَّدُ برَفعِه سِماكُ بن حَربٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ مِن بَينِ أصحابِ ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2358>بابُ جَرَيانِ الرِّبا في كُلِّ ما يَكون مَطعومًا</span>\n\n١٠٦١٣ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بن الحارِثِ أن أبا النَّضرِ حَدَّثَه أن بُسرَ بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه عن مَعمَرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه عن مَعمَرٍ قال: كُنتُ أسمَعُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الطّعامُ بالطَّعامِ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَمِّ بنِ أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بن أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذَّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميد، عن مُغيرَةَ قال: ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ شِباكٌ لإبراهيمَ فقالَ: حدثنا عَلقَمَةُ عن عبد اللَّهِ قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - آكِلَ الرِّبا ومُؤكِلَه. قال: قُلتُ: وشاهِدَيه وكاتِبَه. قال: إنَّما نُحَدِّثُ بما سَمِعنا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٨٢٦) عن أبي الأحوص به. وتقدمت رواية إسرائيل في الحديث السابق.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٠٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥١٤٦)، وأبو عوانة (٥٤٥٦)، والبزار (١٥٦١) من طريق جرير به.","vol":"11","page":75},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن جَريرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ثَمَرِ النَّخلِ بالتَّمرِ كَيلًا، والزَّبيبِ بالعِنَبِ كَيلًا، والزَّرعِ بالحِنطَةِ كَيلًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2359>بابُ مَن قال بجَرَيانِ الرِّبا في كُلِّ ما يُكالُ ويوزَنُ</span>\n\n١٠٦١٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى وإِسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن عبد المَجيدِ بنِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أن أبا هريرةَ وأبا سعيدٍ حَدَّثاه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ أخا بَنِي عَدِيٍّ الأنصارِيَّ فاستَعمَلَه على خَيبَرَ، فقَدِمَ بتَمرٍ جَنيبٍ (^٤)، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أكُلُّ تَمرِ خَيبَرَ هَكَذا؟ \". قال: لا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٩٧)، والبخاري (٥٣٤٧).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٦٥)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٣٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٤٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩٩) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٤٢/ ٧٣).\n(^٤) الجنيب: نوع من التمر وهو أجود تمورهم. شرح السنة للبغوي ٨/ ٧١.","vol":"11","page":76},{"text":"واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنا نَشتَرِي الصَّاعَ بالصَّاعَينِ مِنَ الجمْعِ (^١). فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَفعَلوا، ولكن مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، أو تَبيعوا (^٢) هذا واشتَروا بثَمَنِه مِن هذا، وكَذَلِكَ الميزانُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِي، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن إسماعيلَ بن أبي أوَيس عن أخيه عن سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيُّ عن عبد المَجيدِ (^٥). وأخرَجاه مِن حَديث مالكٍ عن عبد المَجيدِ دونَ قَولِه: \"وكَذَلِكَ الميزانُ\" (^٦). ورَواه قَتادَةُ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ.\n\n١٠٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا حَيَّانُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَدَوِيُّ أبو زُهَيرٍ قال: سُئلَ لاحِقُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ أبو مِجلَزٍ وأنا شاهِدٌ عن الصرفِ فقالَ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ لا يَرَى به بأسًا زَمانًا مِن عُمُرِه حَتَّى لَقِيَه أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ فقالَ له: يا ابنَ عباسٍ ألا\n_________\n(^١) الجَمْع: الدقل، ويقال: هو أخلاط ردينة من التمر. أو هو كل لون من النخل لا يعرف اسمه. شرح السنة ٨/ ٧١.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بيعوا\". وهو كذلك في المهذب ٤/ ٢٠٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٦١٩)، وأبو عوانة (٥٤٤١) من طريق القعنبي به.\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"سلمان\".\nوالحديث عند مسلم (١٥٩٣/ ٩٤)، والبخاري (٧٣٥٠، ٧٣٥١).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٤٢٤٦) تعليقًا، وأبو عوانة (٥٤٤٣)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٧ من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٢٠١، ٢٢٠٢)، ومسلم (١٥٩٣/ ٩٥).","vol":"11","page":77},{"text":"تَتَقِي اللّهَ! حَتَّى مَتَى تُؤكِلُ النّاسَ الرِّبا؟ أما بَلَغَكَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال ذاتَ يَومٍ وهو عِندَ أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجَتِه: \"إنِّي أشتَهِي تَمرَ عَجوَةٍ\". وأنَّها بَعَثَت بصاعَينِ مِن تَمرٍ عَتيقٍ إلَى مَنزِلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصار، فأُتيَت بَدَلَهُما بصاعٍ مِن عَجوَةٍ فقَدَّمَته إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأعجَبَه، فتَناوَلَ تَمرَةً ثُمَّ أمسَكَ، فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ لَكُم هذا؟ \". قالَت: بَعَثتُ بصاعَينِ مِن تَمرٍ عَتيقٍ إلَى مَنزِلِ فُلانٍ فأُتِينا بَدَلَها مِن هذا الصَّاعِ الواحِد، فألقَى التَّمرَةَ مِن يَدِه وقالَ: \"رُدُّوه، رُدُّوه، لا حاجَةَ لِي فيه، التَّمرُ بالتَّمر، والحِنطَةُ بالحِنطَة، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ، والذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّة، يَدًا بيَدٍ، مِثلًا بمِثل، لَيسَ فيه زيادَةٌ ولا نُقصانٌ، فمَن زادَ أو نَقَصَ فقَد أربَى، وكُلُّ ما يُكالُ [أو يوزَنُ] (^١) \". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ذَكَّرتَنِي يا أبا سعيدٍ أمرًا نَسيتُه، أستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ وأتوبُ إلَيه. وكانَ يَنهَى بعدَ ذَلِكَ أشَدَّ النَّهي (^٢).\n\n١٠٦١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحَجَّاج، حدثنا حَيَّانُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ أبو زُهَيرٍ قال: سُئلَ أبو مِجْلَزٍ لاحِقُ بن حُمَيدٍ عن الصرفِ وأنا شاهِدٌ، فقالَ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يقولُ زَمانًا مِن عُمُرِه: لا بأسَ بما كان مِنه يَدًا بيَدٍ. وكانَ يقولُ: إنَّما الرِّبا في النَّسيئَةِ. حَتَّى لَقِيَه أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"عَينٌ بعَينٍ، مِثلٌ بمِثلٍ، فمَن زادَ فهو رِبًا\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"ويوزن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤٢، ٤٣، والخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٣٦٦) من طريق حيان به. وعند الحاكم: حبان. خطأ. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٥٣: أبو زهير فيه لين.","vol":"11","page":78},{"text":"\"وكُلُّ ما يُكالُ أو يُوزَنُ فكَذَلِكَ أيضًا\". قال: فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: جَزاكَ اللَّهُ يا أبا سعيدٍ عَنِّي الجَنَّةَ؛ فإِنَّكَ ذَكَّرتَني أمرًا كُنتُ نَسيتُه، أستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ وأتوبُ إلَيه. فكانَ يَنهَى عنه بعدَ ذَلِكَ أشَدَّ النَّهي. قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا الحَديثُ مِن حَديثِ أبي مجلَزٍ تَفَرَّدَ به حَيّانُ (^١).\nقُلتُ: وحَيّانُ تكَلَّموا فيه (^٢)، ويقالُ في قَولِه: \"وكَذَلِكَ الميزانُ\". في الحَديثِ الأوَّلِ أنَّه مِن جِهَةِ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، وكَذَلِكَ هذه اللَّفظَةُ إن صَحَّت، ويُستَدَلَّ عَلَيه برِوايَةِ داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدريِّ في احتِجاجِه على ابنِ عباسٍ بقِصَّةِ التَّمرِ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أربَيتَ، إذا أرَدتَ ذَلِكَ فبعْ تَمرَكَ بسِلعَة، ثُمَّ اشتَرِ بسِلعَتِكَ أيَّ تَمرٍ شِئتَ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فالتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ أحَقُّ أنْ يَكونَ رِبًا أمِ الفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّةِ؟ (^٣). فكانَ هذا قياسًا مِن أبي سعيدٍ لِلفِضَّةِ على التَّمرِ الَّذِي رَوَى فيه قِصَّةً (^٤)، إلَّا أن بَعضَ الرُّواةِ رَواه مُفَسَّرًا مَفصولًا، وبَعضُهُم رَواه مُجمَلًا مَوصولًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٢/ ٨٣١.\n(^٢) هو حيان بن عبيد الله أبو زهير. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٢٣٠، والمغني في الضعفاء ١/ ١٩٨.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٩٧).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"قصته\".","vol":"11","page":79},{"text":"شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ: إنَّ الرِّبا إنَّما هو في الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّة، وفيما يُكالُ ويُوزَنُ ممَّا يُؤكَلُ ويُشرَبُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2360>بابٌ: لا رِبَا فيما خَرَجَ مِنَ المأكولِ والمَشروبِ والذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَ عبدٌ فبايَعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - على الهِجرَةِ ولَم يَشعُرْ أنَّه عبدٌ، فجاءَ سَيِّدُه يُريدُه، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بِعنيه\". فاشتَراه بعَبدَينِ أسوَدَين، ثُمّ لَم يُبايِعْ أحَدًا بَعدُ حَتَّى يَسألَه: أعَبدٌ هوَ؟ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ الضَّبِّيُّ وعَفّانُ بن مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - اشتَرَى صَفيَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٦٣٥، والمروزي في السنة (١٧٨، ١٧٩) من وجه آخر عن سعيد بن المسيب.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٧٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٥٨)، والترمذي (١٢٣٩، ١٥٩٦)، والنسائي (٤١٩٥، ٤٦٣٥)، وابن ماجه، (٢٨٦٩)، وابن حبان (٤٥٥٠، ٥٠٢٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٢).","vol":"11","page":80},{"text":"مِن دِحيَةَ الكَلبِيِّ بسَبعَةِ أرؤُسٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفَّانَ في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن بَعيرٍ ببَعيرَين، فقالَ: قَد يَكونُ البَعيرُ خَيرًا مِنَ البَعيرَينِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجِ أنَّه اشتَرَى بَعيرًا ببَعيرَينِ فأعطاه أحَدَهُما وقالَ: آتيكَ بالآخَرِ غَدًا رَهْوًا (^٤) إنَّ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٥).\n\n١٠٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: لا رِبَا في الحَيَوان، وإِنَّما نُهِي مِنَ الحَيَوانِ عن المَضامينِ والمَلاقيحِ وحَبَلِ الحَبَلَةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٧٥) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٩٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٧٢)، وابن حبان (٧٢١٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٥ (١٣٦٥/ ٨٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٥٧)، والشافعي ٨/ ١١٣.\n(^٤) رهوًا: بفتح الراء وسكون الهاء؛ أي سهلًا، والرهو السير السهل، والمراد هنا أن يأتيه به سريعًا من غير مطل. فتح الباري ٤/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٩٤١).\n(^٦) المضامين: بيع ما في بطون إناث الإبل.\nوالملاقيح: بيع ما في ظهور الجمال.\nوحبل الحبلة: بيع كان أهل الجاهلية يتبايعونه، كان الرجل منهم يبتاع الجزور إلى أن تنتج الناقة، =","vol":"11","page":81},{"text":"١٠٦٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ - شَكَّ الرَّبيعُ - عن سلمةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الحَديدِ بالحَديد، فقالَ: اللَّهُ أعلمُ، أمّا هُم فكانوا يَتَبايَعونَ الدِّرعَ بالأدرُعِ (^١).\n\n١٠٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا القَدَّاحُ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ بالسَّلَفِ في الفُلوسِ (^٢). قال سعيدٌ القَدَّاحُ: لا بأسَ بالسَّلَفِ في الفُلوسِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2361>بابُ بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ وغَيِره ممّا لا رِبَا فيه بَعضِه ببَعضٍ نَسيئَةً</span>\n\n١٠٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ\n_________\n= ثم تنتج التي في بطنها. شرح السنة للبغوي ٨/ ١٣٧.\nوالأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٥٩)، والشافعي ٣/ ٣٧، ١١٨، ٧/ ٢٥٦، ومالك ٢/ ٦٥٤.\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بالأدراع\".\nوالأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٦١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٣٧.\n(^٢) الفلوس: نوع من النقود المضروبة من غير الذهب والفضة، قيمتها سدس درهم. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٤٢١.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٥٥)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٨.","vol":"11","page":82},{"text":"أبي حَبيبٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ حَريشٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ: إنا بأرضٍ لَيسَ فيها ذَهَبٌ ولا فِضَّةٌ، أفَنَبيعُ (^١) البَقَرَةَ بالبَقَرَتَين، والبَعيرَ بالبَعيرَين، والشّاةَ بالشّاتَينِ؟ فقالَ: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أن أُجَهِّزَ جَيشًا، فنَفِدَتِ الإبِلُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ نَفِدَتِ الإبِلُ. فقالَ: \"خُذْ في قِلاصِ (^٢) الصَّدَقَةِ\". قال: فجَعَلتُ آخذُ البَعيرَ بالبَعيرَينِ إلَى إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: اختَلَفوا على محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ في إسنادِه، وحَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ أحسَنُهُم سياقَةً لَه، ولَه شاهِدٌ صَحيحٌ:\n\n١٠٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن عبد الأعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ أخبَرَه، عن أبيه، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاص، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أمَرَه أن يُجَهِّزَ جَيشًا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عمرٍو: ولَيسَ عِندَنا ظَهْرٌ. قال: فأمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أن يَبتاعَ ظَهرًا إلَى خُروجِ المُصَدِّقِ (^٤)، فابتاعَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عمرٍو البَعيرَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أتبيع\".\n(^٢) القلاص والقلائص جمع القلوص: وهي الناقة الشابة. النهاية ٤/ ١٠٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه المزي في تهذيبه ٢١/ ٥٨٤ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٤) المصدق بتخفيف الصاد: الذي يأخذ صدقات النعم. المصباح المنير (ص د ق).","vol":"11","page":83},{"text":"بالبَعيرَينِ وبِالأبعِرَةِ (^١) إلَى خُروجِ المُصَدِّقِ بأمرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ أنَّه باعَ جَمَلًا له يُدعَى عُصَيفيرًا بعِشرينَ بَعيرًا إلَى أجَلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه اشتَرَى راحِلَةً بأربَعَةِ أبعِرَةٍ مَضمونَةٍ عَلَيه يُوفِيها صاحِبَها بالرَّبَذَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2362>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن بَيعِ الحَيِوانِ بالحَيَوانِ نَسيئَةً</span>\n\n١٠٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ بالحَيَوانِ نَسيئَةً. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ عن قَتادَةَ. إلا أن أكثَرَ الحُفّاظِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وبأبعرة\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٦٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧٧)، والشافعي ٣/ ١١٨، ٧/ ١٢٥٦ ومالك ٢/ ٦٥٢.","vol":"11","page":84},{"text":"لا يُثبِتونَ سَماعَ الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ مِن سَمُرَةَ في غَيرِ حَديثِ العَقيقَةِ.\nوحَمَلَه بَعضُ الفُقَهاءِ على بَيعِ أحَدِهِما بالآخَرِ نَسيئَةً مِنَ الجانِبَينِ فيَكونُ دَينًا بدَينٍ فلا يَجوزُ، واللَّه أعلمُ.\nوقَد روِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٠٦٣١ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن عبد اللَّه، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ بالحَيَوانِ نَسيئَةً (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه داودُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ العَطّارُ، عن مَعمَرٍ مَوصولًا (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ روِيَ عن أبي أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيِّ وعَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ الذِّمَارِيِّ عن الثَّورِيِّ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣)، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ وهمٌ، والصَّحيحُ: عن مَعمَرٍ عن يَحيَى عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٠٦٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ١٨٢، وابن حبان (٥٠٢٨) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٦٠، والطبراني (١١٩٩٦) من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٦٠ من طريق أبي أحمد به. والدارقطني ٣/ ٧١ من طريق عبد الملك الذماري به.","vol":"11","page":85},{"text":"مَعمَرٍ، فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وعَبدُ الأعلَى عن مَعمَرٍ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - مُرسَلًا. ورُوِّينا عن البُخارِيِّ أنَّه وهَّنَ رِوايَةَ مَن وصَلَه.\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ إسماعيلَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: الصحيحُ عِندَ أهلِ المَعرِفَةِ بالحَديثِ هذا الخَبَرُ مُرسَلٌ لَيسَ بمُتَّصِلٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ فيما ذَكَرَ عن الشّافِعِيِّ أنَّه قال: أمّا قَولُه: إنَّه نَهَى النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ بالحَيَوانِ نَسيئَةً. فهَذا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ عن رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2363>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن بَيعِ الدَّينِ بالدَّينِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الخَصِيبُ بن ناصِحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِيُّ، حدثنا الخَصيبُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٤١٣٣)، ومن طريقه ابن الجارود (٦٠٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٦٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٤٠.","vol":"11","page":86},{"text":"محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن موسَى، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الكالِيء بالكالِيءِ (^١).\nموسَى هذا هو ابنُ عُبَيدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، وشَيخُنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ قال في رِوايَتِه: عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ. وهو خَطأٌ، والعَجَبُ مِن أبي الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ شَيخِ عَصرِه رَوَى هذا الحديثَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن أبي الحَسَنِ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ المِصرِيِّ هذا فقالَ: عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٢). وشَيخُنا أبو الحُسَينِ رَواه لَنا عن أبي الحَسَنِ المِصرِيِّ في الجُزءِ الثّالِثِ مِن سُنَنِ المِصرِيِّ فقالَ: عن موسَى. غَيرَ مَنسوبٍ ثُمَّ أردَفَه المِصرِيُّ بما:\n\n١٠٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، حدثنا أبو الحَسَن، حدثنا أحمدُ بن داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن أبي عبد العَزيزِ الرَّبَذِيّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الكالِيء بالكالِيء. أبو عبد العَزيزِ الرَّبَذِيُّ هو موسَى بن عُبَيدَةَ.\n\n١٠٦٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا أبو مُصعَبٍ، عن عبد العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. قال موسَى: قال نافِعٌ: وذَلِكَ بَيعُ الدَّينِ بالدَّينِ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا مَعروفٌ بموسىَ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٧، وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٧١. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٥٦: وكذا وهم غيره.","vol":"11","page":87},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى وزَيدُ بن الحُبابِ وغَيرُهُما عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٠٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عمرُو بن محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا موسَى بن عُبَيدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن كالِيء بكالِيء؛ الدَّينِ بالدَّينِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن عليٍّ المُؤَذَنُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُمَرَ الواقِدِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن عُبَيدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بن داودَ، حدثنا ذُؤَيبُ بن عِمامَةَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بن عبد الواحِد، عن موسَى، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الكالِيء\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي ٦/ ٢٣٣٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلي في الضعفاء ٤/ ١٦٢ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢١ من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به.","vol":"11","page":88},{"text":"بالكاليء (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: يُقالُ هو النَّسيئَةُ بالنَّسيئَةِ مَهموزٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ زَيدٍ لَفظُ البَيعِ، ولَم يَنْسُبْ شَيخُنا أبو الحُسَينِ عن أبي الحَسَنِ المِصرِيِّ (^٣) موسَى، وهو ابنُ عُبَيدَةَ بلا شَكٍّ، وقَد رَواه الشيخُ أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ ﵀ عن أبي الحَسَنِ المِصرِيِّ فقالَ: عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَهَ (^٤) ورَواه شَيخُنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن مِقدامِ بنِ داودَ الرُّعَينِيِّ فقالَ: عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٥). وهو وَهْمٌ، والحَديثُ مَشهورٌ بموسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ؛ مَرَّةً عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، ومَرَّةً عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٦). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2364>بابُ اعتِبارِ التَّماثُلِ فيما كان مَوزونًا على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالوَزنِ، وفيما كان مَكيلًا على عَهدِه بالكَيل، إذا بيعَ الجِنسُ الواحِدُ فيما (^٧) يَجرِي فيه الرِّبا بَعضُه ببَعضٍ، وباللَّهِ التوفيقُ</span>\n\n١٠٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٠٩١) من طريق علي بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٠.\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"عن\" وكأنه ضرب عليها، وبعده في م: \"فقال عن\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٢.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٧.\n(^٦) ينظر علل الدارقطني ١٣/ ١٩٣ وما بعدها.\n(^٧) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"مما\".","vol":"11","page":89},{"text":"حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن (^١) قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليل، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيِّ أنَّه شاهَدَ خُطبَةَ عُبادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أنَّه قال: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذَّهَبِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضةِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والبُرُّ بالبُرِّ كَيلًا بكَيلٍ، والشَّعيرُ بالشَّعيرِ كَيلًا بكَيلٍ، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ والمِلحُ بالمِلح، فمَن زادَ أوِ استَزادَ فقَد أربَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٣٩ - ورَوَى بشرُ بن عُمَرَ الزَّهرانِيُّ قال: حدثنا هَمّامٌ عن قَتادَةَ بإِسنادِه أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذهَبِ تِبرُها وعَينُها، والفِضةُ بالفِضَّةِ تِبرُها وعَينُها، والبُرُّ بالبُرُّ مُدْيٌ بمُدْيٍ، والشعيرُ بالشعيرِ مُديٌ بمُدي، والتَّمرُ بالتَّمرِ مُديٌ بمُديٍ، والمِلحُ بالمِلحِ مُدىٌ بمُدي، فمَن زادَ أوِ ازدادَ فقَد أربَى\". أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بن نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبد المَجيدِ بنِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ وعن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - استَعمَلَ رَجُلًا على خَيبَرَ، فجاءَه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٣٣). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٧٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٤٩). تقدم في (١٠٥٧٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٦٤).","vol":"11","page":90},{"text":"بتَمرٍ جَنيبٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أكُلُّ تَمرِ خَيبَرَ هَكَذا؟ \". قال: لا واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا لَنأخُذُ الصاعَ مِن هذا بالصّاعَينِ والصّاعَينِ بالثَّلاثَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا تَفعَلْ، بعِ الجَمْعَ بالدَّراهِم، ثُمّ ابتَع بالدَّراهِمِ جَنيبًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِي، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: كُنا نُرزَقُ تَمرَ الجَمعِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - وهو الخِلطُ مِنَ التَّمر، فكُنّا نَبيعُ الصاعَينِ بالصَّاعِ، فقالَ يَعنِي النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا، ولا الدِّرهَمَ بالدِّرهَمَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن شَيبانَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فقالَ: \"لا صاعَى تَمرٍ بصاعٍ، ولا صاعَى حِنطَةٍ بصاعٍ، ولا دِرهَمَينِ بدِرهَمٍ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٢٣. ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٥٦٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٢١) وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٦١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٠١، ٢٣٠٢، ٤٢٤٤)، ومسلم (١٥٩٣/ ٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٤٣٧) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (١١٤٥٢)، والنسائي (٤٥٦٩) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٢٦٨ من طريق شيبان به.","vol":"11","page":91},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2365>بابٌ: لا خَيرَ في التَّحَرِّي فيما في بَعضِه ببَعضٍ رِبًا</span>\n\n١٠٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرني (^٢) ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أن أبا الربَيرِ حَدَّثَه قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الصُّبرَةِ (^٣) مِنَ التَّمرِ لا يُعلَمُ مَكيلُها بالكَيلِ المُسَمَّى مِنَ التَّمرِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2366>باب: لا يُباعُ المَصوغُ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ بجِنسِه بأكثَرَ مِن وزنِهِ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضَى مِنَ الأحاديثِ الثابِتَةِ في الرِّبا.\n\n١٠٦٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ أبي نُعْمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"الذَّهَبُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠٨٠)، ومسلم (١٥٩٥/ ٩٨).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: بخطه \"حدثنا\".\n(^٣) الصبرة: الكومة المجموعة من الطعام. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٢/ ١٠٩.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٨. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٦١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٣٠/ ٤٢).","vol":"11","page":92},{"text":"بالذَّهَبِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، والفِضَّةُ بالفِضَّةِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، فمَن زادَ أوِ استَزادَ فقَد أربَى\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبْدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ المَكِّيِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أطوفُ مَعَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فجاءَه صائغٌ فقالَ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ إنِّي أصوغُ الذَّهَبَ ثُمَّ أبيعُ الشَّئَ مِن ذَلِكَ بأكثَرَ مِن وزنِه، فأستَفضِلُ في ذَلِكَ قَدرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي فيه. فنَهاه عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ عن ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلَ الصّائغُ يُرَدِّدُ عَلَيه المَسألَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ يَنهاه، حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى بابِ المَسجِدِ أو إلَى دابَّتِه يُريدُ أن يَركَبَها ثُمَّ قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ: الدِّينارُ بالدِّينارِ والدِّرهَمُ بالدِّرهَمِ لا فضلَ بَينَهُما، هذا عَهدُ نَبيِّنا - ﷺ - إلَينا وعَهدُنا إلَيكُم (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ مُعاويَةَ حَيثُ باعَ سِقايَةً مِن ذَهَبٍ أو ورِقٍ بأكثَرَ مِن وزنِها، فنَهاه أبو الدَّرداء، وما روِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ في النَّهي عن ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٧٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وأحمد (٧٥٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٥٥) من طريق فضيل بن غزوان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨٨/ ٨٣، ٨٤).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٩/ ٧ ظ - مخطوط). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٨٩).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٩٢).","vol":"11","page":93},{"text":"ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن دينارٍ أبي فاطِمَةَ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ يَجلِسُ عِندِي فيُعَلِّمُنِي الآيَةَ فأنساها فاُناديه: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قَد نَسيتُها. فيَرجِعُ فيُعَلِّمُنيها. قال: فقُلتُ له: إنِّي أصوغُ الذَّهَبَ فأبيعُه بوَزنِه وآخُذُ لِعُمالَةِ يَدِي أجرًا؟ قال: لا تَبعِ الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ إلا وزنًا بوَزنٍ، والفِضةَ بالفِضةِ إلا وزنًا بوَزنٍ، ولا تأخُذْ فضلًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2367>بابٌ: لا يُباعُ ذَهَبَّ بذَهَبٍ مَعَ أحَدِ الذَّهَبَيِن شَيءٌ غَيُر الذَّهَبِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى المِصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو هانيء الخَولانيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُلَيَّ بنَ رَباحٍ اللَّخمِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ فَضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - وهو بخَيبَرَ بقَلائدَ فيها خُروزٌ (^٢) وذَهَبٌ وهِيَ مِنَ المَغانِمِ تُباعُ، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - بالذَّهَبِ الَّذِي في القِلادَةِ فنُزِعَ ثُمَّ قال لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"الذَّهَبُ بالذهَبِ وزنًا بوَزنٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٥٧٥) من طريق أبي رافع به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"خرز\". وهكذا كتب في المختصر ص ٢٠٥٨، وفي الأصل وضبب عليها وكتب فوقها \"كذا\". والخَرَزة تجمع على خرز وخرزات: فصوص من جيد الجوهر ورديئه. التاج ١٥/ ١٣٤ (خ ر ز).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧١). وأخرجه الطحاوي ٤/ ٧٣ من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٣٩) من طريق أبي هانيء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٩١/ ٨٩).","vol":"11","page":94},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن عبد الأعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي قُرَّةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ المَعافِرِيّ وعَمرُو بن الحارِث، أن عامِرَ بنَ يَحيَى المَعافِرِيَّ أخبَرَهُما عن حَنَشٍ أنَّه قال: كُنّا مَعَ فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ في غَزوٍ فصارَت لِي - أو قال: فطارَت لِي - ولأصحابِي قَلائدُ فيها ذَهَبٌ ووَرِقٌ وجَوهَرٌ، فأرَدتُ أن أشتَريَها، فسألتُ فضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ فقالَ: انزعْ ذَهَبَها فاجعَلْه في كِفَّةٍ واجعَلْ ذَهَبَكَ في كِفَّةٍ، ثُمَّ لا تأخُذَنَّ إلا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يقولُ: \"مَن كان يومِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يأخُذَنَّ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانَ الغَزّالُ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطانُ وغَيرُهُم ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بن أبي عِمرانَ، عن حَنَشٍ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عامَ خَيبَرَ بقِلادَةٍ فيها خَرَزٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بذَهَبٍ ابتاعَها رَجُلٌ بسَبعَةِ دَنانيرَ أو بتِسعَةٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا حَتَّى يُمَيَّزَ بَينَه وبَينَها\". قال: إنَّما أرَدتُ الحِجارَةَ. قال: \"لا حتَّى يُمَيزَ بَينَهُما\". قالَ: فرَدَّه حَتَّى مُيِّزَ بَينَهُما (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٧٤ عن يونس به. والطبراني (٧٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٩١/ ٩٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٦٤)، والمعرفة (٣٣٧٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٥١)، والترمذي =","vol":"11","page":95},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\nورِوايَةُ ابنِ المُبارَكِ توافِقُ ما مَضى مِنَ الروايَتَينِ في الحُكم، وإِن كان بَعضُ هذه الرواياتِ تَزيدُ على بَعضٍ.\nورَواه اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ عن سعيدٍ، فخالَفَ ابنَ المُبارَكِ في مَتنِهِ:\n\n١٠٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا قُتيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبي شُجاعٍ سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبي عِمرانَ، عن حَنَشٍ الصَّنعانِيّ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: اشتَرَيتُ يَومَ خَيبَرَ قِلادَةً فيها اثنا عَشَرَ دينارًا فيها ذَهَبٌ وخَرَزٌ، ففَصَّلتُها فوَجَدتُ فيها أكثَرَ مِنِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ دينارًا، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِي - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا تُباعُ حَتَّى تُفَصَّلَ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ أيّوبَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ: قِلادَةً باثنَيْ عَشَرَ دينارًا فيها ذَهَبٌ وخرَزٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتيبَةَ على لَفظِ حَديث محمد بنِ أيّوبَ (^٣).\n_________\n= (١٢٥٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٩١/ ...).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٥٢). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢٥٥)، والنسائي (٤٥٨٧) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٦٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٩١/ ٩٠).","vol":"11","page":96},{"text":"ورَواه أبو الوَليدِ عن اللَّيثِ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ (^١).\nولِلَّيثِ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ بلَفظٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٠٦٥١ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن الجُلاحِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَنَشٌ الصَّنعانِيُّ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يَومَ خَيبَرَ نُبايعُ اليَهودَ الوُقيَّةَ الذَّهَبَ بالدّينارَينِ والثَّلاثَة، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ إلَّا وزنًا بوَزنٍ\" (^٢).\nسياقُ هذه الأحاديثِ مَعَ عَدالَةِ رواتِها تَدُلُّ على أنَّها كانَت بُيوعًا شَهِدَها فَضالَةُ كُلَّها والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عَنها، فأدّاها كُلَّها، وحَنَشٌ الصَّنعانيُّ أدّاها مُتَفَرِّقًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2368>بابُ مَن أجازَ قِسمَةَ الثِّمارِ بالخَرْصِ في رُءوسِ الشَّجَرِ استِدلالًا بقِصَّةِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ في نَخيلِ خَيبَرَ</span>\n\n١٠٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٣٢٣ من طريق أبي الوليد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٦٨)، ومسلم (١٥٩١/ ٩١)، وأبو داود (٣٣٥٣) عن قتيبة به.","vol":"11","page":97},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ في الثَّمَرِ يَكونُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ: إنَّه لا بأسَ أن يَقسِماه في رُءوسِ النَّخلِ بالخَرصِ فيَحوزَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما طائفَةً مِنَ النَّخلِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2369>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن بَيعِ الرُّطبِ بالتَّمرِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيىَ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وغيرُه (^١) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ في \"الموطأ\" وأبو مُصعَبٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ أن زَيدًا أبا عَيّاشٍ أخبَرَه أئه سألَ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ عن البَيضاءِ بالسُّلتِ (^٢)، فقالَ له سَعدٌ: أيُّهُما أفضَلُ؟. فقالَ: البَيضاءُ. فنَهاه عن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن اشتِراءِ التَّمرِ بالرُّطَب، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أيَنقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إذا يَبِسَ؟ \". قالو ا: نَعَم. فنَهَى عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"في آخرين\".\n(^٢) البيضاء: الحنطة، وهي السمراء أيضًا، والسلت ضرب من الشعير أبيض لا قشر له. النهاية ١/ ١٧٣، ٢/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧٤)، والشافعي ٣/ ١٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية أبي مصعب (٢٥١٧) وبرواية يحيى ٢/ ٦٢٤. ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٥)، والترمذي (١٢٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٤)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٥٩) عن عبد الله بن مسلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٧١).","vol":"11","page":98},{"text":"ورَواه يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ القَطَّانُ عن مالكٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ:\n\n١٠٦٥٤ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ، عن زَيدٍ أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن اشتِراءِ الرُّطَبِ بالتَّمرِ أوِ التَّمرِ بالرُّطَبِ فقالَ لِمَن حَولَه: \"هَل يَنقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إذا يَبسَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فنَهَى عَنه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد المَجيدِ عن مالكٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَزيدَ.\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ المَدينيُّ عن مالكٍ عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ:\n\n١٠٦٥٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ قال: حَدَّثَناه أبي، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَين، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ فذَكَرَه بطولِهِ (^٢). قال عليٌّ: وسَماعُ أبي عن (^٣) مالكٍ قَديمٌ قَبلَ أن يَسمَعَه هَؤُلاء، فأظُنُّ أن مالكًا كان قَد عَلَّقَه أولًا (^٤) عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٥٩) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٣٦).\n(^٢) ينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ٣٩٩.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"من\".\n(^٤) في م: \"قديمًا\".","vol":"11","page":99},{"text":"عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، ثُمَّ سَمِعَه مِن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، فحَدَّثَ به قَديمًا عن داودَ، ثُمَّ نَظَرَ فيه فصَحَّحَه عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، وتَرَكَ داودَ بنَ الحُصَين، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن زَيدٍ أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن الرُّطَبِ بالتَّمرِ قال: \"أيَنقُصُ إذا يَبِسَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فنَهَى عَنه (^١). ورُوِّيناه (^٢) عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، بنَحو مِن رِوايَةِ الثَّورِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن نافِعٍ أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ أن أبا عَيّاشٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الرُّطَبِ بالتَّمرِ نَسيئَةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٦٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٣٨. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٦١٧٠) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٢) فوقه في الأصل: \"إجازة\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٢) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٣٦٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٦١٧٢)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٤٩ من طريق الربيع بن نافع به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٢٩): شاذ.","vol":"11","page":100},{"text":"١٠٦٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن رَجاءٍ، حدثنا حَربٌ، عن يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَزيدَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ قال: خالَفَه مالكٌ وإِسماعيلُ بن أُمَيَّةَ والضَّحّاكُ بن عثمانَ وأُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ؛ رَوَوه عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، ولَم يَقولوا فيه: نَسيئَةً. واجتِماعُ هَؤُلاءِ الأربَعَةِ على خِلافِ ما رَواه يَحيَى يَدُلُّ على ضَبطِهِم لِلحَديثِ، وفيهِم إمامٌ حافِظٌ وهو مالكُ بن أنَسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والعِلَّةُ المَنقولُةُ في هذا الخَبَرِ تَدُلُّ على خَطأَ هذه اللَّفظَة، وقَد رَواه عِمرانُ بن أبي أنَسٍ عن أبي عَيّاشٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ:\n\n١٠٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أنَسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عَيّاشٍ يقولُ: سألتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - عن اشتِراءِ السُّلتِ بالتَّمرِ (^٣)، فقالَ سَعدٌ: أبَينَهُما فضلٌ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: لا يَصلُحُ. وقالَ سَعدٌ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن اشتِراءِ الرُّطَبِ بالتَّمر، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أبَينَهُما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٨، ٣٩ من طريق هشام بن علي به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧٦)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٤٩.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله قال بالبر\".","vol":"11","page":101},{"text":"فضلٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم الرُّطَبُ ينقُصُ. قالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"فلا يَصلُحُ\" (^١).\n\n١٠٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - سُئلَ عن رُطَبٍ بتَمرٍ فقالَ: \"أيَنقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إذا يَبِسَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"لا يُبَاعُ رَطْبٌ بيابِسِ\" (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ شاهِدٌ لِما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n١٠٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ هو ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بن عبد اللَّه، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - أنَّه قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه، ولا تَبيعوا الثَّمَرَ بالتَّمْرِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن حُجَيْنِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن اللَّيث، على إرسالٍ في هذا المِقدارِ مِنَ الحَديثِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللهِ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ الفَقيهُ الحافظُ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٣. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٦١٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب عن عمرو بن الحارث عن بكير به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٧٢) عن يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٠) من طريق أحمد بن إبراهيم به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٣ من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٤٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٨٣)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٥٩).","vol":"11","page":102},{"text":"الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد الله، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"لا تَبايَعوا الثَّمَرَةَ بالتَّمرِ (^١) ثَمَرَ النَّخلِ بثَمَرِ النَّخل، ولا تَبايَعوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يبدوَ صَلاحُه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2370>بابٌ ﴿وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٥]</span>\n\n١٠٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا سعيدُ بن حَفصٍ قال: قَرأنا على مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن أبي قَزَعَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - بتَمرٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذا مِن تَمرِنا\". فَقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ بعنا تَمرَنا صاعَينِ بصاعٍ مِن هذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"ذَلِكَ الرِّبا، رُدُّوه ثُمَّ بيعوا تَمرَنا، ثُمَّ اشتَرُوا لَنا مِن هذا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن أبي خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٤) بنَحوِه، رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تحتها في الأصل: \"بالثمر\".\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف ٤/ ٣١٥. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٠٢٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٤٥٠)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٠٤٥) من طريق معقل به.\n(^٤) ينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٩٤/ ٩٧).","vol":"11","page":103},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2371>بابُ بَيعِ اللَّحمِ بالحَيوانِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَنصورٍ القاضِيَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ - يَعنِي ابنَ خُزَيمَةَ - وسُئلَ عن بَيعِ مَسلوخٍ بشاةٍ فقالَ: حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَفصٍ السُّلَمِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاج، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى أن تُباعَ الشّاةُ باللَّحمِ (^١).\nهذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ؛ ومَن أثبَتَ سَماعَ الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ مِن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ عَدَّه مَوصولًا، ومَن لَم يُثبِتْه فهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّد انضَمَّ إلَى مُرسَلِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والقاسِمِ بنِ أبي بَزَّةَ وقَولِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٠٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ اللَّحمِ بالحَيَوانِ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ.\nورَواه يَزيدُ بن مَروانَ الخَلالُ عن مالكٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، وغَلِطَ فيهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٧٧، ١٨٧٨). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٥ من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٥، والشافعي ٣/ ٨١، ومالك ٢/ ٦٥٥، ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٧٨)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٧١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٠ من طريق يزيد بن مروان به.","vol":"11","page":104},{"text":"١٠٦٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبْدُوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ خَمِيرُويَه، أخبرنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ وحَفصُ بن مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ اللَّحمِ بالحَيَوانِ.\n\n١٠٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبي بَزَّةَ قال: قَدِمَتُ المَدينَةَ فوَجَدتُ جَزورًا قَد جُزِرَت فجُزِّئَت أربَعَةَ أجزاءٍ، كُلُّ جُزءٍ مِنها بعَناقٍ، فأرَدتُ أن أبتاعَ مِنها جُزءًا، فقالَ لِي رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى أن يُباعَ حَيٌّ بمَيِّتٍ. قال: فسألتُ عن ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ فأخبِرتُ عنه خَيرًا (^١).\n\n١٠٦٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوْءَمَة، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - أنَّه كَرِهَ بَيعَ الحَيَوانِ باللَّحمِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي. وَأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٧٩)، والشافعي ٣/ ٨١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٨٠)، والشافعي ٣/ ٨١. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٦١: فيه واهيان.","vol":"11","page":105},{"text":"يقولُ: نُهِيَ عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ باللَّحمِ. قال أبو الزِّنادِ: وكانَ مَن أدرَكْتُ مِنَ النّاسِ يَنهَونَ عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ باللَّحمِ.\nقالَ أبو الزِّنادِ: وكانَ ذَلِكَ يُكتَبُ في عُهودِ العُمّالِ في زَمانِ أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ وهِشامِ بنِ إسماعيلَ يَنهَونَ عَنه (^١).\n\n١٠٦٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصينِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: كان مِن مَيسِرِ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ بَيعُ اللَّحمِ بالشّاةِ والشّاتَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2372>بابُ ثَمَرِ الحائطِ يُباعُ أصلُه</span>\n\n١٠٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الصمَدِ بن عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بن مُكْرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بن عبد الواحِد، حدثنا يَحيَى بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يقولُ: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ نَخلًا بَعدَ أن تُؤَبَّرَ فثَمَرَتُها لِلَّذِي باعَها، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٣).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ١٤ ظ، ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى بن يحيى ٢/ ٦٥٥.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى بن يحيى ٢/ ٦٥٥، ومن طريقه البغوي في شرح السنة عقب (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢١١)، والترمذي (١٢٤٤) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٦١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٧٩)، ومسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٨٠).","vol":"11","page":106},{"text":"١٠٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"مَن باعَ نَخلًا بَعدَ أن تُؤَبَّرَ فثَمَرُها (^١) لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو وإِبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ وموسَى بن محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"مَن باعَ نَخلًا قَد أُبِّرَت فثَمَرَتُها لِلبائع، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: فثَمَرُها. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"فثمرتها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٨١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤١. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٥٢)، وأبو داود (٣٤٣٣)، والنسائي (٤٦٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١١)، وابن حبان (٤٩٢٣) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٦٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٤٣/ ...).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٧٩)، وفي المعرفة (٣٣٨٢)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤١، ومالك ٢/ ٦١٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٠٦)، وأبو داود (٣٤٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف (٨٣٣٠). وسيأتي في (١٠٨٦٤).","vol":"11","page":107},{"text":"ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٦٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رُمْحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا الفارَيابِيُّ يَعنِي جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ هو ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"أيُّما امرِيءٍ أبَّرَ نخلًا ثُمَّ باعَ أصلَها فلِلَّذِي أبَّرَ ثَمَرُ النَّخل، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قتَيبَة ومحَمدِ بنِ رمحٍ (^٣). وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حديثِ أيّوبَ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ قال: قال لِي إبراهيمُ: أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي مُلَيكَةَ يُخبِرُ عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ: أيُّما نَخلٍ بِيعَت وقَد أُبِّرَت ولَم يُذْكَرِ الثَّمَرُ، فالثَّمَرُ لِلَّذِي أبَّرَها. وكَذَلِكَ العَبدُ والحَرثُ، سَمَّى له نافِعٌ هَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثَةَ. هَكَذا رَواه\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٢٠٤، ٢٧١٦)، ومسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٤٩) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (٢٢١٠) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٧٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٢٠٦)، ومسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٧٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٧٨، وعقب ٧٩).","vol":"11","page":108},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"كتابه\" (^١).\nونافِعٌ يَروِي حَديثَ النَّخلِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وحَديثَ العَبدِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٠٦٧٧ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، [حدثنا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ] (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبَرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أنَّه قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ نَخلًا قَد أُبِّرَت فثَمَرَتُها لِرَبِّها الأوَّل، إلا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٧٨ - قال: وقَضَى عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ مَملوكًا له مالٌ فمالُه لِرَبِّه الأوَّل، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ (^٤).\nورَواه سالِمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّخلِ والعَبدِ جَميعًا، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في مَوضِعِه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٢٠٣).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ٢٣٢، ٢٣٣ من طريق أحمد بن الوليد الفحام به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ٣٥٥ من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ٢٣٢، ٢٣٣ من طريق أحمد بن الوليد به. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٦٥) من طريق مالك عن نافع.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٠٨٦٢).","vol":"11","page":109},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2373>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ المُخاضَرَة</span>\n\n١٠٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن زَكَريّا، حدثنا زَيدُ بن أَخْزَمَ الطّائيُّ وإِسحاقُ بن وهبٍ وأحمَدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ يونُسَ قالوا: حدثنا عُمَرُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن المُخاضَرَةِ والمُحاقَلَةِ (^١) والمُزابَنَةِ. زادَ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ يونُسَ: والمُنابَذَةِ والمُلامَسَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ وهبٍ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ بنِ القاسِمِ اليَمامِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلا أنَّه قال: عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُخاضَرَةِ والمُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المُخاضَرَةُ أن تُباعَ الثِّمارُ قَبلَ أن يَبدوَ صَلاحُها وهِي خُضرٌ بَعدُ، ويَدخُلُ في المُخاضَرَةِ أيضًا بَيعُ الرِّطابِ والبُقولِ وأشباهِها، ولِهَذا كَرِهَ مَن كَرِهَ بَيعَ الرَّطابِ أكثَرَ مِن جَزَّةٍ واحِدَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تفسير المخاضرة عقب الأثر التالي، والمحاقلة عقب (١٠٧٠٠)، والمزابنة عقب (١٠٧٣٤، ١٠٧٣٥) والملامسة والمنابذة عقب (١٠٩٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح معاني الآثار ٤/ ٢٣، ٢٤، والدارقطني (٢٨٥) من طريق عمر بن يونس به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٢٠٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٨٧)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٣٣ وعنده: جزه وأخذه.","vol":"11","page":110},{"text":"١٠٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن بُرَيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ قال: سألتُ عَطاءً عن بَيعِ الرَّطبَةِ جَزَّتَينِ قال: لا إلَّا جَزَّةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2374>بابُ الوَقت الَّذِي يَحِلُّ فيه بَيعُ الثِّمارِ</span>\n\n١٠٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهيثَمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أصبَغُ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"لا تَبتاعوا الثَّمَرَ حَتّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه، ولا تَبايَعوا الثَّمَرَ بالتَّمرِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٨٣ - قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وحَدَّثَنِي سالِمٌ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - مِثلَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\nوأخرَجَ البخاريُّ حَديثَ ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ: الظَّفَرُ (^٦) بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٣٠٠) من طريق بريد به. والشافعي ٣/ ٦٧ من طريق ابن جريج عن عطاء به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وعند ابن ماجه بشطره الأول.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٨/ ٥٨).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٩٩).\n(^٦) في ص ٥: \"المظفر\". وتقدم في (٢٨٦١، ٢٨٩٤). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٦٣.","vol":"11","page":111},{"text":"أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه، ونَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبَرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن حَجّاجٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ (^٣) حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُها، نَهَى البائعَ والمُبتاعَ وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: عن بَيعِ الثِّمارِ. وقالَ: المشتَرِيَ. بَدَلَ: المُبتاعَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالك، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤١)، والنسائي (٤٥٣٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٤/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٥، م: \"الثمر\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٨٩)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤٧، ومالك ٢/ ٦١٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٦٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩١).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٩٤)، ومسلم (١٥٣٤/ ٤٩).","vol":"11","page":112},{"text":"١٠٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبَرَنا جَرير، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"لا تَبايَعوا الثَّمَرَةَ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُها وتَذهَبَ عَنها الآفَةُ\". قال: \"يَبدوَ صَلاحُها\": حُمرَتُه وصفرَتُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن الحَجّاجِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَبيعوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه\" (^٣).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبد اللَّه، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: وصَلاحُه أن يُؤكَلَ مِنه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٠١٠) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٥١٨٤، ٥٤٧٣) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٤/ ٥١).\n(^٣) حديث علي بن حجر عن إسماعيل بن جعفر (١٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٨١) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٤/ ٥٢).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٩٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٦٠)، والبخاري (١٤٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٨٩) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"11","page":113},{"text":"١٠٦٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه، إلا أنَّه قال: فقيلَ لاِبنِ عُمَرَ: ما صَلاحُهُ؟ قال: تَذهَبُ عاهَتُه (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ سُراقَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثِّمارِ حَتَّى تُؤمَنَ عَلَيها العاهَةُ. قيلَ: ومَتَى ذَلِكَ يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: إذا طَلَعَتِ الثُّرَيَّا (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبَرَنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويل، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثِّمارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ وما تُزْهِيَ؟ قال: \"حَتَّى تَحمَرَّ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأيتَ إذا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ فبِمَ يأخُذُ أحَدُكُم مالَ أخيه؟ \" (^٤).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٩٩) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٤/ عقب ٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠١٢، ٥١٠٥) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٩٣)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤٧، ومالك ٢/ ٦١٨. ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٥٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩٠).","vol":"11","page":114},{"text":"وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ، إلَّا أنَّهُما لَم يَقولا: يا رسولَ اللهِ. ولا: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -. بَل قالا: فقالَ: \"أرأَيتَ\". وقالَ أحَدُهُما: فقيلَ له. وقالَ الآخَرُ: قالوا (^١).\nوقَد رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن مالكٍ كما رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ.\n\n١٠٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَزّازُ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"إن لَم يُثمِّرْها اللهُ فبِمَ يَستَحِلُّ أحَدُكُم مالَ أخيه؟! \" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويل، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ ثَمَرَةِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٩٨)، ومسلم (١٥٥٥/ عقب ١٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"الجزار\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٤٢٩، ٢٠٩٤، ٢٦٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المظفر في غرائب مالك (١٠٧)، والخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٢٥ من طريق محمد بن عباد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٥٥/ ١٦).","vol":"11","page":115},{"text":"النَّخْلِ حَتَّى تَزْهُوَ (^١). قُلنا لأنَسٍ: ما زُهُوُّهُ؟ قال: يَحمَرُّ. قال: \"أرأيتَ إذا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ بمَ (^٢) تَستَحِلُّ مالَ أخيكَ؟! \" (^٣).\n\n١٠٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الصوفيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ ثَمَرِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى تَزْهوَ. قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: وما زُهُؤُها؟ قال: تَحمَرُّ وتَصفَرُّ. قال: \"أرأيتَ إن مَنَعَ اللهُ الثَّمَرَةَ فبِمَ تَستَحِلُّ مالَ أخيكَ؟! \" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما (^٥).\n\n١٠٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: سُئِلُ أنَسُ بن مالكٍ عن بَيعِ الثِّمارِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثمَرَةِ حَتَّى تَزْهوَ. قيلَ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ وما زُهُوُّها؟ قال: حَتَّى تَحمَرَّ وتَصفَرَّ. قال: أرأيتَ إنَّ حَبَسَ اللَّهُ الثِّمارَ فبِمَ تَستَحِلُّ مالَ أخيكَ؟ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) كتبها في الأصل: \"تزهوا\" وكتب فوقها: كذا.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"فبم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٢٤ عن علي بن أحمد بن عمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح معاني الآثار ٤/ ٢٤، والخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٢٧ من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٢٠٨)، ومسلم (١٥٥٥/ ١٥).\n(^٦) أخرجه الخطيب في المدرج ١/ ١٢٨ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري به.","vol":"11","page":116},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن حُمَيدٍ، وفِي بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن حُمَيدٍ: قال (^١) أنَسٌ: أرأيتَ إن مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ (^٢) بمَ تَستَحِلُّ مالَ أخيكَ؟ وكَذَلِكَ قالَه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن حُمَيدٍ، فجَعَلَ الجَوابَ عن تَفسيرِ الزُّهُوِّ وقَولَه: أرأيتَ إن مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَ؟ مِن قَولِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ جَعَلَه مِن قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وتابَعَه على ذَلِكَ الدَّراوَردِيُّ مِن رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ عنه (^٣)، فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُرْضِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن مِقسَمٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا موسَى بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عَفّانُ بن مُسلِمٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى تَزْهوَ، وعن بَيعِ الحَبِّ حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ، وعن بَيعِ العِنَبِ حَتَّى يَسوَدَّ (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا رَوح، حدثنا زَكَريّا بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الثمر\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٦٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦١٣)، والترمذي (١٢٢٨) من طريق عفان به. وأبو داود (٣٣٧١)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٨٢).","vol":"11","page":117},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثمَرِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن سَليمِ بنِ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن مِيناءَ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أن تُباعَ الثَّمَرَةُ حَتَّى تُشقِحَ. قيلَ: وما تُشقِحُ؟ قال: \"تَحمارُّ أو تَصفارُّ ويُؤكَلُ مِنها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٠٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ هو الشَّرْقِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَن بن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا بَهزُ بن أسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَليمُ بن حَيّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ ميناءَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن المُزابَنَةِ والمُحاقَلَةِ والمُخابَرَة، وعن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى تُشقِحَ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ هاشِمٍ عن بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٣ من طريق روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٣٨)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٩٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٨٤) عن بهز بن أسد به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٤).","vol":"11","page":118},{"text":"١٠٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بن عَدِيٍّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن أبي الوَليدِ المَكِّيِّ - قال زَيدٌ: حدثنا وهو عِندَ عَطاءِ جالِسٌ - عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - أنَّه نَهَى عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ والمُخابَرَة، وعن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى [تُشقِهَ. قال: والإِشقاهُ] (^١) أن يَحمَرَّ أو يَصفَرَّ أو يُؤكَلَ مِنه شَئٌ، والمُحاقَلَةُ أن يُباعَ الحَقلُ بكَيلٍ مِنَ الطَّعامِ مَعلومٍ. فقالَ زَيدٌ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ: أسَمِعتَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يَذكُرُ ذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -؟ فقالَ: نَعَم (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاق بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ قال: حدثنا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بن عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى تَطيبَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تشقح قال والإشقاح\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"يشقه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٩٢) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٥٠) من طريق أبي خيثمة زهير بن معاوية به.","vol":"11","page":119},{"text":"يونُسَ (^١).\n\n١٠٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا البَختَرِيِّ الطائيَّ يقولُ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ وسُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن مُرَّةَ، عن أبي البَختَرِيِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن السَّلَمِ في النَّخلِ فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى يُؤكَلَ مِنه وحَتَى يوزَنَ. قُلتُ: ما يوزَنُ؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: حَتَّى يُحزَرَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ آدَمَ: فقالَ رَجُلٌ: وأيُّ شَئٍ يوزَنُ؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ إلَى جَنبِه: حَتَّى يُحزَرَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ وعن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه هو ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ غندَرٍ عن شعبَه (^٤).\n\n١٠٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ وهبُ اللَّهِ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن يونُسَ قال: قال [أبو الزِّنادِ: وكانَ] (^٥) عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٧٣) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١١٢٢٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٢٤٦، ٢٢٤٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٥٠)، ومسلم (١٥٣٧/ ٥٥).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: كذا بخطه \"أبو الزناد كان\".","vol":"11","page":120},{"text":"عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ كان يقولُ: كان النّاسُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يَتَبايَعونَ الثمارَ، فإِذا جَدَّ (^١) النّاسُ وحَضَرَ تَقاضيهِم قال المُبتاعُ: إنَّه أصابَ الثَّمَرَ العَفَنُ الدَّمَانُ، أصابَه مُراقٌ، أصابَه قُشامٌ. عاهاتٌ يَحتَجّونَ بها. والقُشامُ شَيءٌ يُصيبُه حَتَّى لا يُرطِبَ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - لَمّا كَثُرَت (^٢) عِندَه الخُصومَةُ في ذَلِكَ: \" [فإِمَّا لا فلا] (^٣) تَبايَعوا حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُ الثَّمرِ (^٤) \". كالمَشورَةِ يُشيرُ بها لِكَثرَةِ خُصومَتِهِم. قال: وقالَ أبو الزِّنادِ وأخبَرَنِي خارِجَةُ بن زَيدٍ (^٥)، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ لَم يَكُنْ يَبيعُ ثِمارَ أموالِه حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الثُّرَيَّا فيَتَبَيَّنَ الأحمَرُ مِنَ الأصفَرِ (^٦). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ: عن أبي الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: مُراضٌ. بَدَلَ مُراقٌ (^٧). قال الأصمَعِيُّ (^٨): الدَّمَانُ أنَّ تَنشَقَّ النَّخلَةُ أوَّلَ ما يَبدو قَلبُها عن عَفَنٍ وسَوادٍ. قال: والقُشامُ أن يَنتَقِصَ (^٩) ثَمَرُ النَّخلِ قَبلَ أن يَصيرَ بَلَحًا. والمُراضُ: اسمٌ\n_________\n(^١) الجَدُّ بالفتح: صرام النخل. وجدّه يجدّه جدًّا كالجِداد والجَداد، وقيل الجِداد بمهملتين: قطع النخل خاصة، وبمعجمتين قطع جميع الثمار على جهة العموم، وقيل هما سواء. التاج ٧/ ٤٧٥ (ج د د).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"أُكثِرت\" وفي حاشيتها: \"كذا في متن الأصل\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م: \"فإما فلا\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"فإما لا فلا، هذا هو المعروف\".\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"بخطه صح\". وفي الحاشية: \"الثمرة\".\n(^٥) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"بخطه خ ر\". وفي الحاشية: \"بن زيد بن ثابت ص\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٨، وأبو عوانة (٥٠٤١) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم بالإسناد الأول. وأبو داود (٣٣٧٢) من طريق يونس بالإسناد الأول.\n(^٧) البخاري (٢١٩٣).\n(^٨) ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٨/ ٣٣٧، ١٤/ ١٤٦، ١٤٧.\n(^٩) كتب عليه في الأصل: \"كذا\" وفي الحاشية: \"بخطه: ينتقض\".","vol":"11","page":121},{"text":"لأنواعِ الأمراضِ.\n\n١٠٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن طاوُسٍ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لا يُبتاعُ الثَّمَرُ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه (^١).\n\n١٠٧٠٥ - قال: وسَمِعنا (^٢) ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لا يُباعُ الثَّمَرُ حَتَّى يُطْعِمَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ كان يَبيعُ الثَّمَرَ مِن غُلامِه قَبلَ أن يَبدوَ صَلاحُه ويَقولُ: لَيسَ بَينَ العَبدِ وبَينَ سَيِّدِه رِبًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2375>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ السِّنيَن وأنَّ ما لَم يُخْلَقْ مِنِ الحَملِ الثّانِي لا يَتبَعُ ما خُلِقَ مِنَ الحَملِ الأوَّلِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٠٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٣/ ٤٧.\n(^٢) كتب في الأصل تحته: \"سمعت\".\n(^٣) الشافعي ٣/ ٤٧.\nويُطْعِم الثمرُ: يبدو صلاحه ويصير طعامًا يطيب أكله. مسند الشافعي عقب (٥١٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٩٠) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"11","page":122},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَج، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ سِنينَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الأُشنانِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ العَطّارُ الحِيرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2376>بابُ ما يُذكَرُ في بَيعِ الحِنطَةِ في سُنبُلِها</span>\n\n١٠٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَر، وعن بَيعِ الحَصَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٢٠)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧٤)، والنسائي (٤٥٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٢٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٧٢) من طريق معتمر به. وأحمد (٦٣٠٧) من طريق نافع به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٣/ ٦: إسناده حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٣١)، والمعرفة (٣٣٠٩). قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٦٧: سنده صالح، ولم =","vol":"11","page":123},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ كما مَضَى (^١).\n\n١٠٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قُلنا لِلشّافِعِيِّ: إنَّ عليَّ بنَ مَعبَدٍ أخبرَنا بإِسنادٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه أجازَ بَيعَ القَمحِ في سُنبُلِه إذا ابيَضَّ. فقالَ: أمّا هو فغَرَرٌ لأنَّه مَحُولٌ دونَه لا يُرَى، فإِن ثَبَتَ الخَبَرُ عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قُلنا به، وكانَ هذا خاصًّا مُستَخرَجًا مِن عامٍّ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ وأجازَ هَذا (^٢).\n\n١٠٧١١ - أخبرَنا بالحَديثِ الَّذِي ورَدَ في ذَلِكَ أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَزهوَ، وعن بَيعِ السُّنبُلِ حَتَّى يَبيَضَّ ويأمَنَ العاهَةَ؛ نَهَى البائعَ والمُشتَرِيَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وذِكرُ السُّنبُلِ في هذا الحَديثِ مِمّا تَفَرَّدَ به أيّوبُ السَّختيانيُّ\n_________\n= يخرجوه في السنن. وتقدم في (١٠٥١٥، ١٠٥١٦) من طريق محمد بن عبيد، وسيأتي في (١٠٩٧٦) سندا ومتنا.\n(^١) مسلم (١٥١٣)، وتقدم في (١٠٥١٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٠٩)، والشافعي ٣/ ٦٧.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٩٣)، والترمذي (١٢٢٦، ١٢٢٧)، والنسائي (٤٥٦٥) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٥/ ٥٠).","vol":"11","page":124},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ مِن بَينِ أصحابِ نافِعٍ، وأيّوبُ ثِقَةٌ حُجَّةٌ والزّيادَة مِن مِثلِه مَقبولَةٌ، وهَذا الحَديثُ مِمّا اختَلَفَ البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في إخراجِه في \"الصحيح\"؛ فأخرَجَه مسلمٌ وتَرَكَه البخاريُّ، فقَد رَوَى حَديثَ النَّهي عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُها يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ (^١) وموسَى بن عُقبَةَ (^٢) ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ (^٣) وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ (^٤) والضَّحّاكُ بن عثمانَ (^٥) وغَيرُهُم عن نافِعٍ، لَم يَذكُرْ واحِدٌ مِنهُم فيه النَّهيَ عن بَيعِ السُّنبُلِ حَتَّى يَبيَضَّ غَيرُ أيّوبَ. ورَواه سالِمُ بنُ عبد اللَّهِ (^٦) وعَبدُ اللهِ بن دينارٍ (^٧) وغَيرُهُما عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، لَم يَذكُرْ واحِدٌ مِنهُم فيه ما ذَكَرَ أيُّوبُ.\n\n١٠٧١٢ - ورَواه جابِرُ بن عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ (^٨) وزَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ (^٩) وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن عباسٍ (^١٠) وأبو هريرةَ (^١١) وغَيرُهُم عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، لَم يَذكُرْ واحِدٌ مِنهُم فيه ما ذَكَرَ أيُّوبُ، إلَّا ما رَواه حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ عن أنَسِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٦٨٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٥٣٤) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٦٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم ٣/ ١١٦٥ (١٥٣٤/ ٤٩) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم ٣/ ١١٦٦ (١٥٣٤) من طريق الضحاك به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٠٦٨٤).\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٠٦٨٧ - ١٠٦٨٩).\n(^٨) تقدم في (١٠٦٩٧ - ١٠٧٠١).\n(^٩) تقدم في (١٠٧٠٣).\n(^١٠) تقدم في (١٠٧٠٢).\n(^١١) تقدم في (١٠٥١٥،١٠٥١٦).","vol":"11","page":125},{"text":"ابنِ مالكٍ قال: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الحَبِّ حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ، وعن بَيعِ العِنَبِ حَتَّى يَسوَدَّ، وعن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَزهوَ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وذِكرُ الحَبِّ حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ والعِنَبِ حَتَّى يَسوَدَّ في هذا الحَديثِ مِمّا تَفَرَّدَ به حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ عن حُمَيدٍ مِن بَينِ أصحابِ حُمَيدٍ؛ فقَد رَواه في الثَّمَرِ مالكُ بن أنَسٍ (^٢) وإِسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ (^٣) وهُشَيمُ بن بَشيرٍ (^٤) وعَبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَكِ (^٥) وجَماعَةٌ يَكثُرُ تَعدادُهُم عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ دونَ ذَلِكَ. واختُلِفَ على حَمّادٍ في لَفظِه؛ فرَواه عنه عَفَّانُ بن مُسلِمٍ (^٦) وأبو الوَليدِ (^٧) وحَبّانُ بن هِلالٍ (^٨) وغَيرُهُم على ما مَضَى ذِكرُه.\n\n١٠٧١٣ - ورَواه يَحيَى بن إسحاقَ السّالَحينِيُّ وحَسَنُ بن موسَى الأشيَبُ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن تُباعَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٧١) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وتقدم في (١٠٦٩٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٦٩١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٦٩٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٢١٩٧) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٢١٩٥) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٩٦).\n(^٧) تقدم تخريجه في الحديث السابق.\n(^٨) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٩ من طريق حبان بن هلال به.","vol":"11","page":126},{"text":"الثَّمَرَةُ حَتَّى يَبِينَ (^١) صَلاحُها، تَصفَرَّ أو تَحمَرَّ، وعن بَيعِ العِنَبِ حَتَّى يَسوَدَّ، وعن بَيعِ الحَبِّ حَتَّى يُفركَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن إسحاقَ السّالَحينِيُّ وحَسَنُ بن موسَى الأشيَبُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَولُه: حَتَّى يُفركَ. إن كان بخَفضِ الرّاءِ على إضافَةِ الإفراكِ إلَى الحَبِّ، وافَقَ رِوايَةَ مَن قال: حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ. وإِن كان بفَتحِ الرّاءِ ورَفَعِ الياءِ على إضافَةِ الفَرْكِ إلَى ما (^٣) لَم يُسَمَّ فاعِلُه، خالَفَ رِوايَةَ مَن قال فيه: حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ. واقتَضَى تَنقيَتَه عن السُّنبُلِ حَتَّى يَجوزَ بَيعُه، ولَم أرَ أحَدًا مِن مُحَدِّثِي زَمانِنا ضَبَطَ ذَلِكَ، والأشبَهُ أن يَكونَ يُفركَ بخَفضِ الرّاءِ؛ لِموافَقَتِه مَعنَى مَن قال فيه: حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٧١٤ - وقَد رَواه أيضًا أبانُ بن أبي عَيّاشٍ ولا يُحتَجُّ به، عن أنَسٍ على اللَّفظِ الثانِي. أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي اللَّيث، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبانٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الحَبِّ حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"تبين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣١٤)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٤٧، ٤٨ من طريق حسن بن موسى به بلفظ: (يشتد) بدلًا من (يفرك).\n(^٣) في الأصل، م: \"من\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا ... وصوابه ما لم يسم\".","vol":"11","page":127},{"text":"يُفرِكَ، وعن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَزْهوَ، وعن الثِّمارِ حَتَّى تُطعِمَ (^١). وروِيَ عن أبي شَيبَةَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٢)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ. ورَواه جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ عن أُمِّ ثَورٍ، أن زَوجَها بشرًا سألَ ابنَ عباسٍ: مَتَى يُشتَرَى النَّخلُ؟ قال: حَتَّى يَزهوَ. قال: وسألتُه عن شِرَاءِ الزرعِ وهو السُّنبُلُ. قال: حَتَّى يَصفَرَّ (^٣). وهَذا إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ، والصَّحيحُ في هذا البابِ رِوايَةُ أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ ثُمَّ رِوايَةُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، على ما ذَكَرنا في لَفظِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٧١٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ الماجِشونُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: وبُدوُّ صَلاحِه فيما يقولُ العُلَماءُ: أن يَزهوَ، وبُدوُّ صَلاحِ الزَّرعِ: أن يُرَى فيه الفَرْكُ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٩٢) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٢٦٣٨) من طريق سفيان عن شيخ لنا عن أنس به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٤١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢١٢٤) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٣ من طريق الماجشون به.","vol":"11","page":128},{"text":"أن محمدَ بنَ سيرينَ كان يقولُ: لا تَبعِ الحَبَّ في سُنبُلِه (^١) حَتَّى يَبيَضَّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2377>بابُ مَن بَاعَ ثَمَرَ حائطِه واستَثنَى مِنه مَكيلَةً مُسَمّاةً، فلا يَجوزُ لِنَهيِه عن الثُّنْيا ولِما فيه مِنَ الغَرَرِ</span>\n\n١٠٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن (^٣) سعيدِ بنِ ميناءَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ والمُخابَرَةِ والمُعاوَمَةِ - قال أحَدُهُما: وبَيعِ السِّنينَ - وعن الثُّنْيا (^٤) ورَخَّصَ في العَرايا (^٥).\n\n١٠٧١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِيِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"سنبلته\".\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ١٢ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٦٤٨ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة ٣٤١٢.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وصوابه (و) كما في مصادر التخريج، ويدل عليه قوله في آخر الحديث: قال أحدهما. وسيأتي على الصواب في (١٠٩٣٥).\n(^٤) الثنيا: كل ما استثنيته، وهو: أن يستثنى منه شئ مجهول فيفسد البيع. التاج ٣٧/ ٢٩٧ (ث ن ى).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٢١) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٣٣٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٦) من طريق حماد به.\nوالترمذي (١٣١٣)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٥).","vol":"11","page":129},{"text":"ورَواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: والمُعاوَمَةِ. ولَم يَذكُرِ السِّنينَ.\n\n١٠٧١٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو علي الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nفإِنِ استَثنَى مِنه رُبُعَه أو نِصفَه أو نَخَلاتٍ يُشيرُ إلَيهِنَّ بأعيانِهِنَّ؛ فقَد رُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ ما دَلَّ على جَوازِ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٠٧٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن يَزيدَ السَّيّارِيُّ أبو حَفصٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - عن المُزابَنَةِ والمُحاقَلَة، وعن الثُّنْيا إلَّا أن تُعلَمَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٤٨٠، ٢٣٦٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٥٨)، وأبو داود (٣٤٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٦٤٨) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ عقب ٨٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٠٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٧١) من طريق عباد بن العوام به مقتصرًا على النهي على الثنيا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠٦).","vol":"11","page":130},{"text":"١٠٧٢١ - [وأخبرنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رجاءٍ، ثنا أبو بكرِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، ثنا موسى بنُ هارونَ، ثنا أبو الأحوصِ محمدُ بن حبانَ البغويُّ، ثنا عبادُ بن العوام، أخبرنا سفيانُ بن حسينٍ، قال: ثنا. فذكَره بمثلِه، زاد: والمخابرةِ] (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2378>بابُ مَن قال: لا توضَعُ الجائحَةُ</span>\nروِيَ ذَلِكَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٢)، وقال الشافِعِيُّ: وروِيَ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ أنَّه باعَ حائطًا له فأصابَت مُشتَريَه جائحَةٌ فأخَذَ الثَّمَنَ مِنه، ولا أدرِي أثَبَتَ أم لا؟\n\n١٠٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العدلُ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويل، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثمارِ حَتَّى تُزهِيَ، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ وما تُزهِي؟ قال: \"حينَ (^٤) تَحمَرُّ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأيتَ إذا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٥. ووضع عليه في الأصل: \"لا إلى\"، وقال في الحاشية: ضرب عليه في أصل المصنف الذي بخطه ضربًا شديدًا.\nوالحديث أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٩٠)، والنسائي (٣٨٨٩، ٤٦٤٧) من طريق عباد بن العوام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٣/ ٥٨ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٢٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٥: \"المعدل\". وتقدم مرارا ينظر ما تقدم في (٨).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"حتى\".","vol":"11","page":131},{"text":"الثَّمَرَةَ فبِمَ يأخُذُ أحَدُكُم مالَ أخيهِ؟ \" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ خِلالَ كَلامِه في مَسألَةِ الجائحَةِ (^٤): لَو كان مالكُ الثَّمَرَةِ لا يَملِكُ ثَمَنَ ما اجتيحَ مِن ثَمَرَتِه، ما كان لِمَنعِه أن يَبيعَها مَعنًى، إذا كان يَحِلُّ بَيعُها طَلْعًا أو بَلَحًا يُلقَطُ ويَقطَعُ، إلَّا أنَّه أُمِرَ ببَيعِها في الحينِ الَّذِي الأغلَبُ فيها أن تَنجوَ مِنَ العاهَةِ، ولَو لَم يَلزَمْه ثَمَنُ ما أصابَته الجائحَةُ [ما ضَرَّ ذَلِكَ البائعَ والمُشتَرِيَ. قال: وإِن ثَبَتَ الحَديثُ في وضعِ الجائحَةِ] (^٥) لَم يَكُنْ في هذا حُجَّةٌ وأمضَى الحديثَ على وجهِهِ (^٦).\n\n١٠٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٦٩١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٩٨)، ومسلم (١٥٥٥/ عقب ١٥)، وتقدم في (١٠٦٩١).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٩١).\n(^٤) الأم ٣/ ٥٨.\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٥. وكتبها في حاشية الأصل وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\"، وكتب بعدها: صح.\n(^٦) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"هذا التخريج ... من أصل المؤلف بخطه وكان ساقطًا من أصل السماع فيكون بروايته بالإجازة والله أعلم\".","vol":"11","page":132},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الرِّجالِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَها تَقولُ: ابتاعَ رَجُلٌ ثَمَرَ حائطٍ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعالَجَه وقامَ فيه حَتَّى تبَيَّنَ له النُّقصانُ، فسألَ رَبَّ الحائطِ أن يَضَعَ عنه أو أن يميلَه، فحَلَفَ ألّا يَفعَلَ، فذَهَبَت أمُّ المشتَرِى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تأَلَّى أن لا يَفعَلَ خَيرًا\". فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ رَبُّ الحائطِ فأتَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: هو لَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: أو أن يُقيلَه. وقالَ: فعالَجَه وأقامَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nزادَنِي أبو سعيدٍ عن أبي العباسِ عن الرَّبيعِ عن الشّافِعِيِّ قال: حَديثُ عَمْرَةَ مُرسَلٌ، وأهلُ الحَديثِ ونَحنُ لا نُثبِتُ المُرسَلَ، فلَو ثَبَتَ حَديثُ عمرَةَ كانَت فيه واللَّهُ أعلمُ دَلالَةٌ على أن لا توضَعَ الجائحَةُ؛ لِقَولِها: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تأَلَّى أن لا يَفعَلَ خَيرًا\". ولَو كان الحُكمُ عَلَيه أن يَضَعَ الجائحَةَ لَكانَ أشبَهَ أن يَقولَ: ذَلِكَ لازِمٌ له حَلَفَ أو لَم يَحلِفْ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد أسنَدَه حارِثَةُ بنُ أبي الرِّجالِ؛ فرَواه عن أبيه عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، إلَّا أنَّ حارِثَةَ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٢٧)، والصغرى (١٨٨٦)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٦، ٥٧، ومالك في رواية ابن بكير (٩/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وفي رواية الليثي ٢/ ٦٢١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٨٢).","vol":"11","page":133},{"text":"١٠٧٢٥ - وأسنَدَه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن أبي الرِّجالِ إلَّا أنَّه مُختَصرٌ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الثَّمَرِ أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا (^١) العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا أخِي، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي الرِّجالِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالَت سَمِعتُ عائشةَ تَقولُ: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- صَوتَ خُصومٍ بالبابِ عاليَةً أصواتُهُم، وإِذا أحَدُهُم يَستَوضِعُ الآخَرَ ويَستَرفِقُه في شَئٍ وهو يقولُ: واللَّهِ لا أفعَلُ. فخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عَلَيهِما فقالَ: \"أينَ المُتأَلِّى على اللَّهِ لا يَفعَلُ المَعروفَ؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أنا، فلَه أيُّ ذَلِكَ أحَبَّ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن بَعضِ أصحابِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عِياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: أُصيبَ رَجُلٌ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في ثِمارٍ ابتاعَها فكَثُرَ دَينُه فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَصَدَّقوا عَلَيه\". فتَصَدَّقوا عَلَيه فلَم يَبلُغْ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٥: \"أبو العباس\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٠٥)، وابن حبان (٥٠٣٢) من طريق أبي الرجال به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٠٥)، ومسلم (١٥٥٧).","vol":"11","page":134},{"text":"وفاءَ دَينِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذوا ما وجَدتُم ولَيسَ لَكُمْ إلَّا ذلكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يونُسَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2379>بابُ ما جاءَ في وضعِ الجائَحِةِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبواهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ السِّنينَ وأمَرَ بوَضعِ الجَوائحِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مُقَطَّعًا؛ فرَوَى حَديثَ النَّهي عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، ورَوَى حَديثَ الجَوائحِ عن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤)، ولَم يُخرِجْه البُخارِيُّ.\nأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ يُحَدِّثُ هذا الحديثَ كَثيرًا في طولِ مُجالَسَتِى له، ما لا أُحصِى ما سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُه مِن كَثرَتِه، لا يَذكُرُ فيه: أمَرَ بوَضعِ الجَوائحِ لا يَزيدُ على: أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ السِّنينَ، ثُمَّ زادَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ: وأمَرَ بوَضعِ الجَوائحِ. قال سفيانُ: وكانَ حُمَيدٌ يَذكُرُ بعدَ بَيعِ السِّنينَ كَلامًا قَبلَ وضعِ الجَوائحِ لا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٦٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (١١٣٧٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٦/ عقب ١٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٩٩، ٣٤٢٥)، والصغرى (١٨٨٣)، والشافعي ٣/ ٤٧، ٥٦. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٤٢) من طريق سفيان، وتقدم في (١٠٧٠٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ١٠١، ١٥٥٤/ ١٧).","vol":"11","page":135},{"text":"أحفَظُه، فكُنتُ أكُفُّ عن ذِكرِ وضعِ الجَوائحِ لأنِّي لا أدرِى كَيفَ كان الكَلامُ، وفِى الحَديثِ: أمَرَ بوَضعِ الجَوائحِ (^١).\nزادَنِي أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِيِّ قال: فقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ الكَلامُ الَّذِي لَم يَحفَظْه سفيانُ عن حُمَيدٍ يَدُلُّ على أن أمرَه بوَضعِها على مِثلِ أمرِه بالصُّلحِ على النِّصفِ، وعَلَى مِثلِ أمرِه بالصَّدَقَةِ تَطَوُّعًا حَضًّا على الخَيرِ لا حَتمًا وما أشبَهَ ذَلِكَ، ويَجوزُ غَيرُه، فلَمّا احتَمَلَ الحَديثُ المَعنَيَينِ مَعًا ولَم تَكُنْ فيه دَلالَةٌ على أيِّهُما أولَى به، لَم يَجُزْ عِندَنا واللَّهُ أعلَمُ أن نَحكُمَ على النّاسِ في أموالِهِم بوَضعِ ما وجَبَ لَهُم بلا خَبَرٍ ثَبَتَ بوَضعِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى ذَلِكَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n١٠٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وضَعَ الجَوائحَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٢٩ - قال عليٌّ: وقَد كان سفيانُ حدثنا عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه وضَعَ الجَوائحَ. كَذا أتَى به سُفيانُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٣٥)، والصغرى (١٨٨٤)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٨٥)، والأم ٣/ ٥٧.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠ وصححه على شرط مسلم، وتقدم في (١٠٧٠٧)، وسيأتي في (١٠٧٣٠).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠، ٤١. وأخرجه الحميدي (١٣٧٩) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"11","page":136},{"text":"١٠٧٣٠ - وقَد رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمدانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ المَعنَى أن أبا الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّيَّ أخبَرَه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن بعتَ مِن أخيكَ ثَمَرًا فأَصابَته جائحَةٌ، فلا يَحِلُّ لَكَ أن تأخُذَ مِنه شَيئًا، بمَ تأخُذُ مالَ أخيكَ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ؟ \" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهب وعن حَسَنٍ الحُلوانِيِّ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ المِصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فلا يَحِلُّ لَكَ أن تأخُذَ مِن ثَمَنِه شَيئًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الصَّنعانِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٩)، وابن حبان (٥٠٣٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٤/ ١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٤، وأبو عوانة (٥٢٠٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"11","page":137},{"text":"بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بمَ يَستَحِلُّ أحَدُكُم مالَ أخيه إن أصابَته جائحَةٌ مِنَ السَّماءِ؟ \" (^١). حَديثُ أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابرِ إن لَم يَكُنْ وارِدًا في بَيعِ الثِّمارِ قَبلَ بُدوِّ صَلاحِها، كَحَديثِ مالكٍ عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٢)، فهو صَريحٌ في المنعِ مِن أخذِ ثَمَنِها إن ذَهَبَت بالجائحَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عثمانُ ينُ الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: الجَوائحُ كُلُّ ظاهِرٍ مُفسِدٍ مِن مَطَرٍ أو بَرَدٍ أو جَرادٍ أو ريحٍ أو حَريقٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2380>بابُ المُزابَنَةِ والمُحاقَلَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُزابَنَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ أن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَ نَخلِه كَيلًا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٦ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٦٩١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٧١).","vol":"11","page":138},{"text":"وكَرمَه بالزَّبيبِ كَيلًا. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشافِعِيِّ ﵀: والمُزابَنَةُ بَيعُ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ كَيلًا وبَيعُ الكَرمِ بالزَّبيبِ كَيلًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى على لَفظِ حَديثِ الشافِعِيِّ (^٢)،\n\n١٠٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا عارِم أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَيّاضِ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُزابَنَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ: أن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَتَه كَيلًا: إن زادَ فلِي، وإِن نَقَصَ فعَلَيَّ. وفِى رِوايَةِ عارِم: أن يَبيعَ الثَّمَرَةَ بكَيلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٣٦ - زادَ أبو الرَّبيعِ بهَذا الِإسنادِ في رِوايَتِه: عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن زَيدِ ابنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا بخِرْصِها (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٣٠)، والشافعي ٣/ ٦٢، ٧/ ١٩٦، ومالك ٢/ ٦٢٤ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٢٨، ٥٢٩٧)، والنسائي (٤٥٤٨)، وابن حبان (٤٩٩٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٨٥)، ومسلم (١٥٤٢/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٩، وأبو عوانة (٥٠٥٤) من طريق عارم به. وأحمد (٤٤٩٠)، ومسلم (١٥٤٢/ ٧٥)، والنسائي (٤٥٤٧) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٠٢) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"11","page":139},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n١٠٧٣٧ - ورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ عن حَمّادٍ وزادَ فيه: قال نافِعٌ: والمُحاقَلَةُ في الزَّرعِ بمَنزِلَةِ المُزابَنَةِ في النَّخلِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُزابَنَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ: أن يَبيعَ ثَمَرَ حائطِه إن كان نَخلًا بتَمرٍ كَيلًا، وإِن كان كَرْمًا أن يَبيعَه بزَبيبٍ كَيلًا، وإِن كان زَرعًا أن يَبيعَه بكَيلِ طَعامٍ. نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٧٢، ٢١٧٣)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦٦، ١٥٤٢/ عقب ٧٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٧٧٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٩، وأبو عوانة (٥٠٥٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٦٣) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٦٠٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٠٥)، ومسلم (١٥٤٢/ ٧٦).","vol":"11","page":140},{"text":"سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُخابَرَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ، ورَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا. والمُخابَرَةُ: كِراءُ الأرضِ بالثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ. والمُحاقَلَةُ: اشتِراءُ السُّنبُلَةِ بالحِنَطَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ: اشتِراءُ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ. قُلت لِسُفيانَ: هذا التَّفسيرُ في حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ دونَ التَّفسيرِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا في الحَديثِ: والمُحاقَلَةُ: أن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ الزَّرعَ بمِائَةِ فرَقِ حِنطَةٍ. والمُزابَنَةُ: أن يَبيعَ الثَّمَرَ في رُءوسِ النَّخلِ بمِائَةِ فرَقِ تَمرٍ. والمُخابَرَةُ: كِراءُ الأرضِ بالثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدي (١٢٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧٣)، والنسائي (٤٥٣٦) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٥٤).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والصواب: عبد الله بن محمد. كما في صحيح البخاري. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ١٨٥.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٨١) عن عبد الله بن محمد، ومسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨١).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٣١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٦٣.","vol":"11","page":141},{"text":"لِعَطاءٍ: وما المُحاقَلَةُ؟ قال: المُحاقَلَةُ في الحَرثِ كَهَيئَةِ المُزابَنَةِ في النَّخلِ سَواءً؛ بَيعُ الزَّرعِ بالقَمحِ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أفَسَّرَ لَكُم جابِرٌ في المُحاقَلَةِ كما أخبَرتَنِي؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\n\n١٠٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الضَفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ مَولَى ابنِ أبي أحمدَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُزابَنَةِ والمُحاقَلَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ: اشتِراءُ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ في رُءوسِ النَّخلِ، والمُحاقَلَةُ: استِكراءُ الأرضِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٤٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ (^٤) بنِ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ينُ عمرٍو، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ محمدُ بنُ خازِمٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباس قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُحاقَلَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٣٥)، والشافعي ٣/ ٦٢.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٦٢٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٠٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٥٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٨٦)، ومسلم (١٥٤٦).\n(^٤) بعده في الأصل، م: \"بن محمد\". وضرب عليها في الأصل.","vol":"11","page":142},{"text":"والمُزابَنَةِ. وكانَ عِكرِمَةُ يَكرَهُ بَيعَ القَصيلِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ هو ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الإسكَندَرانِيُّ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧٤٥ - ورَواه شَريكٌ النَّخَعِيُّ عن سُهَيلٍ فزادَ فيه: فأمّا المُزابَنَةُ فأن تَشتَرِى الثَّمَرَ في النَّخلِ بالتَّمرِ، وأمّا المُحاقَلَةُ أن تَشتَرِى الحِنطَةَ في السُّنبُلِ بالحِنطَةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٠) عن أبي معاوية به.\nوالقصيل: هو الشعير يُجَزُّ أخضر لعلف الدواب. المصباح المنير (ق ص ل).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٨٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٣٥)، والترمذي (١٢٢٤) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥١١، ١٥٤٥/ ١٠٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٩٠٨٨) من طريق شريك به.","vol":"11","page":143},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2381>بابُ جِماعِ المُزابَنَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2382>بَيعُ ما فيه الرِّبا جِزافًا بجِزافٍ أو جِزافًا بمَعلومٍ مِن جِنسِهِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا مَكِّيٌّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِيُّ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الصُّبْرَةِ مِنَ التَّمرِ لا يُعلَمُ مَكيلُها بالكَيلِ المُسَمَّى مِنَ التَّمرِ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2383>بابُ بَيعِ العَرايا</span>\n\n١٠٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه، وعن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وحَدَّثَنا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أرخَصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٨٩) وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٣٨٨، ٣٤٤٠)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٣. وأخرجه الحميدي (٦٢٢) عن سفيان به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٨٤).","vol":"11","page":144},{"text":"١٠٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١)، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه، ولا تَبيعوا الثَّمَرَ بالتَّمرِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ أنَّه قال: وأخبَرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه رَخَّصَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ في بَيعِ العَريَّةِ بالرُّطَبِ أوِ التَّمرِ، ولَم يُرَخِّصْ في غَيرِ ذَلِكَ (^٤). رَواهُما البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَهُما مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ على إرسالٍ في الأوَّلِ (^٥).\n\n١٠٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٤١٥، ٥٤١٦) عن زهير بن حرب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٤/ ٥٧)، (١٥٣٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٦٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٤١) من طريق أحمد بن إبراهيم بن ملحان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٨٣، ٢١٨٤)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٥٩).","vol":"11","page":145},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إسحاقَ القاضى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ] (^١) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو وِإبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ لِصاحِبِ العَريَّةِ أن يَبيعَها بخَرصِها مِنِ التَّمرِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ والقَعنَبِيِّ: أرخَصَ لِصاحِبِ العَريَّةِ أن يَبيعَها بخَرصِها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: رَخصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تُباعَ العَرايا بخَرصِها تَمرًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: \"ص ٥\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٤٢)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٣، ٧/ ١٩٦، ومالك ٢/ ٦١٩ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٦٢٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٨٨)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٥٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتي=","vol":"11","page":146},{"text":"يوسُفَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٠٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا يخِرْصِها كَيلًا (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ والمُخابَرَةِ، وعن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه ولا يُباعُ إلَّا بالدّينارِ أوِ (^٤) الدِّرهَمِ إلَّا العَرايا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n_________\n= في (١٠٧٦٠ - ١٠٧٦٢).\n(^١) البخاري (٢٣٨٠)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦١ - ٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٣٨) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والنسائي (٤٥٥٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦٤، ٦٥).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"و\".\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٧٣٩).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨١)، والبخاري (٢٣٨١) عن عبد الله بن محمد. وقد تقدم عقب (١٠٧٣٩).","vol":"11","page":147},{"text":"١٠٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ وهو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وأبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَطيبَ، ولا يُباعُ شَئٌ مِنه إلَّا بالدّينارِ والدِّرهَمِ إلَّا العَرايا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبي عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي بُشَيرُ بنُ يَسارٍ أن رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ وسَهلَ بنَ أبي حَثمَةَ حَدَّثاه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُزابَنَةِ؛ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ إلَّا أصحابَ العَرايا فإِنَّه قَد أذِنَ لَهُم (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٧٦)، والنسائي (٣٨٨٨، ٤٥٣٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٨٩)، ومسلم (١٥٣٦/ عقب ٨١).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٩٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٦٢)، والترمذي (١٣٠٣)، والنسائي (٤٥٥٧) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٠/ ٧٠)، والبخاري (٢٣٨٣، ٢٣٨٤).","vol":"11","page":148},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2384>بابُ تَفسيِر العَرايا</span>\n\n١٠٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سَهلَ بنَ أبي حَثمَةَ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ، إلَّا أنَّه رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ (^١) العَريَّةِ أن تُباعَ بخِرصِها تَمرًا يأكُلُها أهلُها رُطَبًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى، عن بُشيرِ ابنِ يَسارٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن أهلِ دارِه مِنهُم سَهلُ بنُ أبي حَثمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ بالتَّمرِ، وقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ الرِّبا، تِلكَ المُزابَنَةُ\". إلا أنَّه رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَريَّةِ؛ النَّخلَةِ والنَّخلَتَينِ يأخُذُها أهلُ البَيتِ بخِرصِها تَمرًا يأكُلونَها رُطَبًا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) ليست في: ص. وكتب فوقه في حاشية الأصل: \"في العرية\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٤٨)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٦٣)،\nوالنسائي (٤٥٥٦)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٢) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٩١)، ومسلم (١٥٤٠/ عقب ٦٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٠ من طريق القعنبي به.","vol":"11","page":149},{"text":"القَعنَبِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٠٧٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي بُشيرُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُباعَ الثَّمَرُ بالتَّمرِ، قال: \"وذَلِكَ الزَّبْنُ، تِلكَ المُزابَنَةُ\" (^٢). ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِى بنَحوِه، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ حَدَّثَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في العَريَّةِ يأخُذُها أهلُ البَيتِ بخِرصِها تَمرًا يأكُلونَها رُطَبًا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n١٠٧٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٤٠/ ٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٥٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٤٠/ ٦٩).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٧٥٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦١).","vol":"11","page":150},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُها، ورَخَّصَ في العَرايا. قال: والعَريَّةُ النَّخلَةُ تُجعَلُ لِلقَومِ يَبيعونَها بخِرْصِها تَمرًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أرخَصَ في بَيعِ العَريَّةِ بخِرصِها. وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: العَريَّةُ: أن يَشتَرِى الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَ النَّخَلاتِ، لِطَعامِ أهلِه، رُطَبًا بخَرصِها تَمرًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ (^٤) في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ.\n\n١٠٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أرخَصَ في العَرايا أن تُباعَ بخِرْصِها كَيلًا. قال موسَى: والعَرايا نَخْلاتٌ مَعلوماتٌ يأتيها فيَشتَريها (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٧٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٦٩)، والنسائي (٤٥٥٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) في م: \"البخاري\"، والحديث عند مسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٦٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٤٧٧٧) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"11","page":151},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١)\n\n١٠٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمدانِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه قال: العَريَّةُ: الرَّجُلُ يُعرِى الرَّجُلَ النَّخلَةَ، أوِ الرَّجُلُ يَستَثنِى مِن مالِه النَّخلَةَ أو الاثنَتَينِ ليأكُلَها فيَبيعَها بتَمرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، عن عبدَةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: العَرايا: أن يَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ النَّخْلاتِ، فيَشُقَّ عَلَيه أن يَقومَ عَلَيها، فيَبيعَها بمِثلِ خِرصِها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2385>بابُ ما يَجوزُ مِن بَيعِ العَرايا</span>\n\n١٠٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٩٢). قال ابن حجر: محمد كذا للأكثر غير منسوب ووقع في رواية أبي ذر هو ابن مقاتل وعبد الله هو ابن المبارك. فتح الباري ٤/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٦٥). وقال الألباني في صحبح أبي داود (٢٨٧٧): صحيح الإسناد مقطوع.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٦٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٧٨): صحيح الإسناد مقطوع.","vol":"11","page":152},{"text":"وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ داودُ ابنُ الحُصينِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ مَولَى ابنِ أبي أحمدَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا بخِرصها فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ (^١). أو: خَمسَةٍ -شَك داودُ- قال (^٢): خَمسَةٍ أو دونَ خَمسَةٍ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٦٧ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: أرخَصَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n١٠٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ الحَجَبِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكًا وسألَه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ الرَّبيعِ: أحَدَّثَكَ داودُ بنُ الحُصينِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا بخِرصها في خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ أو في ونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ؟ قال مالكٌ: نَعَم. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) الوسق: ستون صاعا بصاع النبي -ﷺ- وذلك ثلاثمائة رطل وعشرون رطلا. ويقدر بالمكيال الحديث ٨٨، ١٦٤ لترا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٥، والمكاييل والمقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.\n(^٢) ليست في: الأصل.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٤)، وفي المعرفة (٣٤٤٥)، والشافعي ٣/ ٥٣، ٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٣٦)، والترمذي (١٣٠١)، والنسائي (٤٥٥٥)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٦، ٥٠٠٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٦٤) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٤١/ ٧١).","vol":"11","page":153},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الوَّهابِ الحَجَبِيِّ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٠٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ، وأذِنَ لأصحابِ العَرايا أن يَبيعوها بمِثلِ خِرصِها. ثُمَّ قال: الوَسْقَ والوَسْقَينِ والثَّلاثَةَ والأربَعَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2386>بابُ مَن أجازَ بَيعَ العَرايا بالرُّطَبِ أوِ التَّمرِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِاللَّهِ قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أنَّه أرخَصَ في بَيعِ العَريَّةِ بالرُّطَبِ أو بالتَّمرِ ولَم يُرَخِّصْ في غَيرِ ذَلِكَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ كما مَضَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٩٠، ٢٣٨٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٠ من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وأحمد (١٤٨٦٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٨٣، ٢١٨٤)، ومسلم (١٥٣٩/ ٥٩). وتقدم في (١٠٧٥٠).","vol":"11","page":154},{"text":"١٠٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ ابنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ (^١) في بَيعِ العَرايا بالتَّمرِ والرُّطَبِ، ولَم يُرَخِّصْ في غَيرِ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي خارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في بَيعِ العَرايا بالتَّمرِ والرُّطَبِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه المُفَضَّل بنُ فَضَالَةَ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2387>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ قَبلَ أن يُسْتَوفَى</span>\n\n١٠٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"أرخص\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٠٣٧) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأحمد (٢١٥٨١)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٩) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٦٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٥١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢١٥٧٧) من طريق خارجة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٧٤).","vol":"11","page":155},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبِيعُه حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِيِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، قال البخاريُّ: زادَ إسماعيلُ: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَقبِضَه\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٥٢)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعي ص ٢٦٨، وأبو داود (٣٤٩٢)، ومالك ٢/ ٦٤٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٩٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٦). وسيأتي في (١٠٧٩٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٣٦)، ومسلم (١٥٢٦/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٢١٣٦).","vol":"11","page":156},{"text":"يَقبِضَه\" (^١).\n\n١٠٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ ابنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ طَعامًا حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه. قال طاوُسٌ: فقُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: فكَيفَ ذاكَ؟ قال: ذاكَ دَراهِمُ بدَراهِمَ والطَّعامُ مُرْجَأٌ (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٦١) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي (٤٦١٠) من طريق عبد الله وبن دينار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٨١) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٣٣)، ومسلم (١٥٢٦/ ٣٦).\n(^٤) مرجأ: أي مؤخر، ويجوز همزه وترك همزه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٠/ ١٦٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٥) من طريق وهيب به. والنسائي (٤٦١٣) من طريق ابن طاوس به. وسيأتي في (١٠٧٨١، ١٠٧٨٧).","vol":"11","page":157},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ والثَّورِيِّ عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٧٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا ابتَعتَ طَعامًا فلا تَبيعُه (^٤) حَتَّى تَستَوفيَه\". رَواه مسلمٌ (^٥) في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٦).\n\n١٠٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٣٢)، ومسلم (١٥٢٥/ ٣٠، ٣١).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"الدارا بجردي\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٩٦٦) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (١٥٢١٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٧٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فلا تبعه\".\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"البخاري\". وفي الحاشية: \"بخطه: مسلم\".\n(^٦) مسلم (٤١/ ١٥٢٩).","vol":"11","page":158},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، عن صَفوانَ ابنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ صَيفِيٍّ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال له: \"ألَم أُنَبّأْ -[أو ألَم] (^١) أُخبَرْ، أو ألَم (^٢) يَبلُغْنِى، أو كما شاءَ اللَّهُ- أنَّكَ تَبغُ الطَّعامَ؟ \". قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: \"إذا ابتَعتَ طَعامًا فلا تَبيعُه حَتَّى تَستَوفيَه\" (^٣). مَعناهُما واحِدٌ.\n\n١٠٧٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ باعَ طَعامًا مِن قَبلِ أن يَقبِضَه، فرَدَّه عُمَرُ -﵁- وقالَ: إذا ابتَعتَ طَعامًا فلا تَبيعُه حَتَّى تَقبِضَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2388>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ ما لَم يُقبَضْ وإِن كان غَيَر طَعامٍ</span>\n\n١٠٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي في آخَرينَ قالوا:\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، وفي الحاشية: \"بخطه: أو لم\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"لم\".\n(^٣) أحرجه أحمد (١٥٣٢٩/ ١)، والنسائي (٤٦١٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند النسائي دون الشطر الأول. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٦٢٦) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"11","page":159},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، قال عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: الَّذِي حَفِظْناه مِنه سَمِعَ طاوُسًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أمّا الَّذِي نَهَى عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فهو الطَّعامُ أن يُباعَ حَتَّى يُقبَضَ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ولا أحسِبُ كُلَّ شَئٍ إلَّا مِثلَه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عليٍّ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن على بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الفَقيهُ الطبَرِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ العباسِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ يَعلَى، عن أبيه قال: استَعمَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عَتّابَ بنَ أَسِيدٍ على مَكَّةَ فقالَ: \"إنِّي قَد أمَّرتُكَ على أهلِ اللَّهِ ﷿ بتَقوَى اللهِ ﷿، ولا يأكُلُ أحَدٌ مِنهُم مِن رِبحِ ما لَم يَضمَنْ، وانهَهُم عن سَلَفٍ وبَيعٍ، وعن الصَّفْقَتَينِ في البَيعِ الواحِدِ، وأَن يَبيعَ أحَدُهُم ما لَيسَ عِندَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٥٤)، والصغرى (١٨٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦١٩٢) من طريق سفيان به. والشافعي ٣/ ٦٩. وأبر داود (٣٤٩٧)، والترمذي (١٢٩١)، والنسائي (٤٦١٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٧) من طريق عمرو. وتقدم في (١٠٧٧٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٣٥)، ومسلم (١٥٢٥/ ...).\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٧٨: سنده جيد.","vol":"11","page":160},{"text":"١٠٧٨٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^١) المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِعَتّابِ بنِ أَسِيدٍ: \"إنِّي قَد بَعَثتُكَ إلَى أهلِ اللَّهِ وأَهلِ مَكَّةَ، فانهَهُم عن بَيعِ ما لَم يَقبِضوا أو رِبْحِ ما لَم يَضمَنوا، وعن قَرضٍ وبَيعٍ، وعن شرطَينٍ في بَيعٍ، وعن بَيعٍ وسَلَفٍ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الأيلِيُّ (^٣) وهو مُنكَرٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ.\n\n١٠٧٨٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ ينِ عَجلانَ وعَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ عَتّابَ بنَ أَسِيدٍ فنَهاه عن شَرطَينِ في بَيعٍ، وعن سَلَفٍ وبَيعٍ، وعن بَيعِ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ، وعن رِبحِ ما لَى\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أحمد\". وفي الحاشية: \"بخطه: محمد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٥٩) مقتصرًا على قوله: \"انههم عن بيع ما لم يقبضوا وربح ما لم يضمنوا\".\nوأخرجه الخطيب في المتفق والمفترق ٣/ ٣٣٦ عن ابن بشران به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٠٠٧) عن المقدام به. وابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٠٠ من طريق يحيى بن صالح.\n(^٣) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء للعقيلي ٤/ ٤٠٩، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٠٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٨٦، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٦٢.","vol":"11","page":161},{"text":"تَضمَنْ (^١)\n\n١٠٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عِصمَةَ حَدَّثَه، أن حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ حَدَّثَه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي رَجُلٌ أشتَرِى بُيوعًا فما يَحِلُّ مِنها وما يَحرُمُ؟ قال: \"يا ابْنَ أخِي إذا اشتَرَيتَ بَيعًا فلا تَبِعْه حَتَّى تَقبِضَه\" (^٢). لَم يَسمَعْه يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ مِن يوسُفَ، إنَما سَمِعَه مِن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ عن يوسُفَ.\n\n١٠٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى الأشيَبُ وسَعدُ بنُ حَفصٍ الطَّلحِيُّ -وهَذا لَفظُ الأشيَبِ- قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عِصمَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي اْبتاعُ هذه البُيوعَ، فما يَحِلُّ لى مِنها وما يَحرُمُ عَلَىَّ؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩١٨) من طريق ابن عجلان به، وعنده: بيعتين في بيعة. بدلًا من: شرطين في بيع. وتقدم في (١٠٥١٧، ١٠٥١٨)، وسيأتي في (١٠٩٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ٣٩٦ من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (١٥٣١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى -كما في تحفة الأشراف (٣٤٢٨) من طريق هشام عن بحص عن رجل عن يوسف به. والنسائي (٤٦١٦) من طريق عبد الله بن عصمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٨٨).","vol":"11","page":162},{"text":"قال: \"يا ابنَ أخِي لا تَبيعَنَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى تَقبِضَه\" (^١). هذا إسناد حَسَنٌ مُتَّصِلٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبانٌ العَطّارُ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، وقالَ أبانٌ في الحَديثِ: \"إذا اشتَرَيتَ بَيعًا فلا تَبِغه حَتَّى تَقبِضَه\" (^٢). وبِمَعناه قال هَمّامٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2389>بابُ قَبضِ ما ابتاعه كَيلًا بالاكتيالِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن (^٣) رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبِعْه حَتَّى يَكتالَه\". فقُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: لِمَ؟ قال: ألا تَراهُم يَتَبايَعونَ الذَّهَبَ والطَّعامُ مُرجأٌ؟ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٧٨٨ - ورَواه بهَذا اللَّفظِ أيضًا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد -كما في أطراف المسند ٢/ ٢٨٣ عن الحسن بن موسى الأشيب به. وليس في المطبوع من المسند. ينظر المسند ٢٤/ ٢٥ (١٥٣١١). والنسائي في الكبرى -كما في تحفة الأشراف (٣٤٢٨) - من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٨٣) من طريق همام به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٤١، والدارقطني ٨/ ٣، ٩ من طريق أبان به.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"أن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٤٦)، وأبو داود (٣٤٩٦) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي (٤٦١١) من طريق سفيان. وتقدم في (١٠٧٧٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٢٥/ ٣١).","vol":"11","page":163},{"text":"عثمانَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هرير ةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ ابنُ الحُبابِ فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرٌو، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ المَدينِيِّ أن القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ حَدَّثَه، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يَبيعَ أحَدٌ طَعامًا اشتَراه بكَيلٍ حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2390>بابُ قَبضِى ما ابتاعَه جُزَافًا (^٤) بالنَّقلِ والتَّحويلِ إذا كان مِثلُه يُنقَلُ</span>\n\n١٠٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ وأحمَدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٦٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٤٠) عن زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٢٨/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٩٥)، وأخرجه النسائي (٤٦١٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٥٩٠٠) من طريق القاسم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٨٤).\n(^٤) الجِزاف: بيع الشئ لا يعلم كيله ولا وزنه، وهو اسم من: جازف مجازفة من باب: قاتَلَ، والجُزاف بالضم خارج عن القياس، وهر فارسي تعرب كزاف. المصباح المنير (ج ز ف).","vol":"11","page":164},{"text":"فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَبتاعُ الطَّعامَ فيَبعَثُ عَلَينا مَن يأمُرُنا بانتِقالِه مِنَ المَكانِ الَّذِى ابتَعناه إلَى مَكانٍ سِواه قَبلَ أن نَبيعَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى طَعامًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه\". قال: وكُنّا نَشتَرِى الطَّعامَ مِنَ الرُّكبانِ جِزافًا فنَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نَبيعَه حَتَّى نَنقُلَه مِن مَكانِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٤٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٩٥)، والنسائي (٤٦١٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٩٣) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) مسلمٌ (١٥٢٧/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٨٢) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وأحمد (٤٧٣٦، ٦٢٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٩) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأحمد (٤٧١٦)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٤٩٤) - والنسائي (٤٦٢٠) من طريق عبيد الله به. وأحمد (٣٩٥)، والبخاري (٢١٢٣) من طريق نافع. وسيأتي من طريق آخر عن نافع في (١١٠٢٤).","vol":"11","page":165},{"text":"عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^١)\n\n١٠٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى قال: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: رأيتُ النّاسَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا ابتاعوا (^٢) الطعامَ جُِزَافًا يُضرَبونَ في أن يَبيعوا مَكانَهُم حَتَّى يُؤْووهُ إلَى رِحالِهِم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: ابتَعتُ زَيتًا في السّوقِ، فلَمّا استَوجَبتُ (^٥) لَقيَنِي رَجُلٌ فأعطانِي رِبحًا حَسَنًا، فأرَدتُ أن أضرِبَ على يَدِه، فأخَذَ رَجُلٌ برِدائي مِن خَلفِي، فالتَفَتُّ إلَيه فإِذا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فقالَ: لا تَبِعْه حَيثُ ابتَعتَه حَتَّى تَحوزَه إلَى رَحلِكَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٢٦/ ٣٤)، والبخاري (٢١٦٧).\n(^٢) في م: \"تبايعوا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٤٩٨)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٣٧)، ومسلم (١٥٢٧/ ٣٨).\n(^٥) في م: \"استوفيت\". واستوجبت: أي صار في ملكي بعقد التبايع. عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٠٠.","vol":"11","page":166},{"text":"تُباعَ السِّلعَةُ حَيثُ تُبتاعُ حَتَّى يَحوزَها التُّجّارُ إلَى رِحالِهِم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2391>بابُ بَيعِ الأرزاقِ التى يُخرِجُها السُّلطانُ قَبلَ قَبضِها</span>\n\n١٠٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكبر محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصفَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّهُما كانا لا يَرَيانِ ببَيعِ الرِّزقِ بأسًا (^٢).\n\n١٠٧٩٥ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يَرَى بأسًا ببَيعِ الرِّزقِ ويَقولُ: لا يَبيعُه الَّذِي اشتَراه حَتَّى يَقبِضه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا هو المُرادُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ بما روِى في ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-.\n\n١٠٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ ابتاعَ طَعامًا أمَرَ به عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ لِلناسِ، فباعَ حَكيم الطَّعامَ قَبلَ أن يَستَوفيَه، فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فرَدَّه عَلَيه وقالَ: لا تَبعْ طَعامًا ابتَعتَه حَتَّى تَستَوفيَه (^٤). فحَكيمٌ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٩٩) من طريق أحمد بن خالد الوهبي به. وأحمد (٢١٦٦٨)، وابن حبان (٤٩٨٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٣٥٧) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٣٦٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ١٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢٠/ ٦٤١. ومن طريقه ابن عبد الحكم في فتوح مصر ص ١٦٦، والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٤٦٤). وأخرجه=","vol":"11","page":167},{"text":"كان قد اشتَراه مِن صاحِبِه، فنَهاه عن بَيعِه حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2392>بابُ أخذِ العِوَضِ عن الثَّمَنِ المَوصوفِ في الدمَّةِ</span>\n\n١٠٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنتُ أبيعُ الإبِلَ بالبَقيعِ، فأبيعُ بالدَّنانيرِ وآخُذُ الدَّراهِمَ، وأبيعُ بالدَّراهِمِ وآخُذُ الدَّنانيرَ، فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يُريدُ أن يَدخُلَ بَيتَ حَفصَةَ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّي أبيعُ الإبِلَ بالبَقيعِ، فأبيعُ بالدَّنانيرِ وآخُذُ الدَّراهِمَ، وأبيعُ بالدَّراهِمِ وآخُذُ الدَّنانيرَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا بأسَ أن تأخُذَها بسِعرِ يَومِها، ما لَم تتَفَرَّقا وبَينَكُما شَئٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2393>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَبتاعُ طَعامًا كَيلًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَكتالَه لِنَفسِه، ثُمَّ لا يَبرأُ حَتَّى يَكيلَه على مُشتَريهِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وهَكَذا رَواه الحَسَنُ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ حَتَّى يَجرِى فيه الصّاعانِ، فيَكونُ له زيادَتُه وعَلَيه نُقصانُه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى ذَلِكَ مَوصولًا مِن أوجُهٍ؛ إذا ضُمَّ بَعضها إلَى بَعضٍ قَوِيَ، مَعَ ما سَبَقَ مِنَ الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ في هذا البابِ\n_________\n= ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٦٢٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٠٣)، والطيالسي (١٩٨٠). وتقدم في (١٠٦١١، ١٠٦١٢).\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ٧٢.","vol":"11","page":168},{"text":"وغَيرِهِما.\n\n١٠٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا جَدِّي سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بنُ وردانَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ يقولُ على المِنبَرِ: إنِّى كُنتُ أشتَرِى التَّمرَ كَيلًا، فأقدَمُ به إلَى المَدينَةِ أحمِلُه أنا وغِلمانِي، وذَلِكَ مِن مَكانٍ قَريبٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ بسوقِ قَينُقاعَ، فأربَحُ الصّاعَ والصّاعَينِ فأكتالُ رِبحِي ثُمَّ أصُبُّ لَهُم ما بَقِيَ مِنَ التَّمرِ. فحُدِّثَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ إنَّه سألَ عثمانَ قال: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا اشتَرَيتَ يا عثمانُ فاكتَلْ، وِإذا بعتَ فكِلْ\" (^١).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ والوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الكِبارِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ لَهيعَةَ (^٢)، ورَواه إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي فروَةَ عن سعيدٍ.\n\n١٠٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي فروَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ قال: كُنتُ أشتَرِى الأوساقَ فأجِئُ بها إلَى سوقِ كَذا، فيأخُذونَها مِنِّي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٣٠) مختصرًا من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٨١٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٢ - منتخب) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"11","page":169},{"text":"بكَيْلِها (^١) ويُربِحونَنِي، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إذا ابتَعتَ كَيلًا فاكتَلْ، وإِذا بِعتَ كَيلًا فكِلْ\" (^٢).\nوروِى عن مُنقِذٍ مَولَى سُراقَةَ عن عثمانَ:\n\n١٠٨٠٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ ومُحَفَدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى ابنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن مُنقِذٍ مَولَى سُراقَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لِعُثمانَ: \"إذا ابتَعتَ فاكتَلْ، وإِذا بعتَ فكِلْ\" (^٣).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا عن عثمانَ:\n\n١٠٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِيُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه، أن حَكيمَ بنَ حِزامٍ وعُثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ كانا يَجلِبانِ الطَّعامَ مِن أرضِ قَينُقاعَ إلَى المَدينَةِ فيَبيعانِه بكَيلِه، فأتَى عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". فقالا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ جَلَبناه مِن أرضِ كَذا وكَذا ونَبيعُه بكَيلِه. فقالَ: \"لا تَفعَلا ذَلِكَ؛ إذا اشتَرَيتُما طَعامًا فاستَوفياه، فإِذا بعتُماه فكِيلاه\".\nوروِى عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"كيلا\".\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢٠٨٢: إسحاق واه.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٨. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٨ من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.","vol":"11","page":170},{"text":"١٠٨٠٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ قالوا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^١) اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ حَتَّى يَجرِيَ فيه الصاعانِ، صاعُ البائعِ وصاعُ المشتَرِى (^٢).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١٠٨٠٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الزَّيّاتُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ أبي مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ حَتَّى يَجرِيَ فيه الصّاعانِ، فيَكونَ لِلبائعِ الزّيادَةُ وعَلَيه النُّقصانُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2394>بابُ هِبَةِ المَبيعِ ممَّن هو في يَدَيه قَبلَ قَبضِه مِن بائعِهِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٦٤.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٨. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٥٧ - منتخب) عن عبيد الله بن موسى به. وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٨) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٤/ ٣٤: وهو معلول بابن أبي ليلى.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٩٩). وأخرجه البزار (١٢٦٥ - كشف)، وأبو يعلى في معجمه (٢٩٣)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تالى تلخيص المتشابه (٣٥١). والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٩٠٢) من طريق مسلم بن أبي مسلم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٩٩: وفيه مسلم بن أبي مسلم الجرمي ولم أجد من ترجمه وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح. اهـ. قلنا: بل ذكره ابن حبان في الثقات وقال: ربما أخطأ. وقال الأزدي: حدث بأحاديث لا يتابع عليها. الثقات ٩/ ١٥٨، لسان الميزان ٦/ ٣٢.","vol":"11","page":171},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في سَفَرٍ، وكُنتُ على بَكْرٍ (^١) صَعبٍ لِعُمَرَ، فكانَ يَغلِبُنِي فيَتَقَدَّمُ أمامَ القَومِ، فيَزجُرُه عُمَرُ ويَرُدُّه، ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُ فيَزجُرُه عُمَرُ ويَرُدُّه، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لِعُمَرَ: \"بِعْنيه\". قال: هو لَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"بِعْنيه\". فباعَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فاصنَعْ به ما شِئتَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2395>بابُ ما ورَدَ في كَراهيَةِ التَّبايعِ بالعِينَةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٠٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ التِّنّيسِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن إسحاقَ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن عَطاءً الخُراسانِيَّ حَدَّثَه أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا تَبايَعتُم بالعِينَةِ، وأَخَذتُم أذنابَ البقَرِ، ورَضِيتُم بالزَّرعِ، وتَرَكتُمُ الجِهادَ، سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم ذُلًّا لا يَنزِعُه حَتَّى تَرجِعوا إلَى دينِكُم\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٨٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ،\n_________\n(^١) البَكر بالفتح: الفَتِيُّ من الإبل بمنزلة النلام من الناس، والأنثى بَكْرة. النهاية ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٦٧٤)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٧٠٧٣). وأخرجه البخاري (٢٦١٠) من طريق سمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١١٥).\n(^٤) العينة: هو أن يبيع من رجل سلعة بثمن معلوم إلى أجل مسمى، ثم يشتريها منه بأقل من الثمن الذى باعها به. النهاية ٣/ ٣٣٣، ٣٣٤.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٤٦٢)، وابن عدي ٥/ ١٩٩٨، وفيهما: جعفر بن مسافر عن عبد الله بن يحيى عن حيوة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٥٦).","vol":"11","page":172},{"text":"حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَيوَةُ ابنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهَينِ ضعيفَينِ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\nورُوِيَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوقوفًا أنَّه كَرِه ذَلِكَ ونَهَى (^٣) أن يأتِيَ الرَّجُلُ فيَقولَ: اشتَرِ كَذا وكَذا وأنا أشتَريه مِنكَ برِبحِ كَذا وكَذا (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ يأتينِي الرَّجُلُ يَسألُنِي البَيعَ لَيسَ عِندِي، أبيعُه مِنه ثُمَّ أتَكَلَّفُه له مِنَ السّوقِ؟ قال: \"لا تَبعْ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2396>بابُ النَّهِي عن التَّصريَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وحَفصُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٢٥)، وأبو يعلى (٥٦٥٩)، والطبراني (١٣٥٨٣، ١٣٥٨٥) من طريقين عن عطاء به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وهو\".\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٢١٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣١١)، والترمذي (١٢٣٢)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٧) من طريق هشم به. وتقدم في (١٠٥٢٠).","vol":"11","page":173},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عَدِيُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن التَّلَقِّي، وأن يَبيعَ مُهاجِرٌ لأعرابِيٍّ، وأن تَسألَ المَرأةُ طَلاقَ أُختِها، وأن يَستامَ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ أخيه، وعن التَّصريَةِ والنَّجْشِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبدِ الوارِثِ ومُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن شُعبَةَ مَرفوعًا، البخاريُّ أشارَ إلَى رِوايَتِهِما ومُسلِمٌ رِوايَةً (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ عن شُعبَةَ مَرفوعًا، قال: وقالَ غُندَرٌ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: نُهِى. وقالَ آدَمُ: نُهينا. وقالَ النَّضرُ وحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ: نَهَى (^٣). وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ: نَهَى (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ.\n\n١٠٨٠٩ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى عن التَّلَقِّي. فذَكَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) النجش: يأتي بيان معناه في (١٠٩٨٨).\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الشعب (١١١٥٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٥٠٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٧٢٧)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٢٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥١٥/ ...).","vol":"11","page":174},{"text":"١٠٨١٠ - ورَواه أبو داودَ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ: نَهَى أو نُهِيَ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه. قال أبو داودَ: كأنَه يَعنِي النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- في قَولِه: نَهَى (^١).\n\n١٠٨١١ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، قال شُعبَةُ: قُلتُ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ ابنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٠٨١٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَستَقَبِلوا السّوقَ (^٣)، ولا تُحَفِّلوا (^٤)، ولا يُنَفِّقْ (^٥) بَعضُكُم لِبَعضٍ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٦٤٤، ٢٦٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٨٩٥) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. وعنده: كثير بدلا من: بكير.\n(^٣) المراد من السوق: العير؛ أي: لا تلقوا الركبان. تحفة الأحوذي ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) ولا تحفلوا: من التحفيل بالمهملة والفاء بمعنى التجميع. والمعنى: لا تتركوا حلب الناقة أو البقرة أو الشاة ليجتمع ويكثر لبنها في ضرعها فيغتر به المشترى. تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٥) أي: لا يقصد أن يُنَفِّق سلعته على جهة النَّجْش، فإنه بزيادته فيها يُرغِّب السامع فيكون قوله سببًا لابتياعها ومُنَفِّقا لها. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٢٧، والنهاية ٥/ ٩٩.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٣)، والترمذي (١٢٦٨) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"11","page":175},{"text":"١٠٨١٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أشهَدُ على الصّادِقِ المَصدوقِ أبي القاسِمِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"بَيعُ المُحَفَّلاتِ خِلابَةٌ، ولا تَحِلُّ خِلابَةٌ لمسلِمٍ\" (^١). رَفَعَه جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ بهَذا الإسنادِ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\nوروِى بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مَوقوفًا:\n\n١٠٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: إيّاكُم والمُحَفَّلاتِ فإِنَها خِلابَةٌ، ولا تَحِلُّ الخِلابَةُ لمسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2397>بابُ الحُكمِ فيمَنِ اشتَرَى مُصَرّاةً</span>\n\n١٠٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ. بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ ابنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأخرَمُ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٤١) من طريق المسعودي به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٨٩): هذا إسناد فيه جابر الجعفي وقد اتهموه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٦٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٠٨٧) من طريق الأعمش.","vol":"11","page":176},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُصَرُّوا الإبِلَ و(^١) الغَنَمَ، فمَنِ ابتاعَها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ بَعدَ أن يَحلُبَها، فإِن رَضِيَها أمسَكَها، وِإن سَخِطَها رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٢).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٠٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ وأبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ قالوا: حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى شاةً مُصَرّاةً فليَنقَلِبْ بها فليَحلُبْها، فإِن رَضِيَ حِلابَها أمسَكَها وِإلّا رَدَّها ومَعَها صاعٌ مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، وأشارَ إلَيه البخاريُّ فقالَ: ويُذكَرُ عن أبي صالِحٍ ومُجاهِدٍ والوَليدِ ابنِ رَباحٍ وموسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ولا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٠٤)، وفي المعرفة (٣٤٦٩)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٧٢، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٠٠٤) وأبو داود (٣٤٤٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٩٩) من طريق أبي الزناد. وسيأتي في (١٠٨٣٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٥٠)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٦٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٠) من طريق داود بن قيس به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٣)، البخاري عقب (٢١٤٨).","vol":"11","page":177},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ما أحَدُكُمُ اشتَرَى لِقْحَةً (^١) مُصَرّاة أو شاة مُصَرّاةً فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ بَعدَ أن يَحلُبَها؛ إمّا هِى وِإلَّا فليَرُدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمرِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الزَّزّاق (^٣).\n\n١٠٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَخلَدٍ التَّميمِيُّ، حدثنا المَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا زيادٌ، أن ثابِتًا مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى غَنَمًا مُصَرّاةً احتَلَبَها، فإِن رَضيَها أمسَكَها وِإن سَخِطَها ففِى حَلْبها صاعٌ مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو عن مَكِّيِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥). قال البخاريُّ: قال يَعضهُم عن ابنِ سيرينَ: \"صماعًا مِن تَمير\" (^٦).\n\n١٠٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) اللقحة: هى الناقة اللقوح أي الحلوب الغزيرة اللبن. تاج العروس ٧/ ٩٣ (ل ق ح).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢١٠) عن عبد الرزاق.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٨).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٤٤٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢١٥١).\n(^٦) البخاري عقب (٢١٤٨).","vol":"11","page":178},{"text":"حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى (^١) مُصَرّاةً فرَدَّها فليَرُدَّ مَعَها صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ لا سَمْراءَ (^٢) \".\n\n١٠٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"شاةً مُصَرّاةً فهو بالخيارِ، إن رَدَّها رَدَّ مَعَها صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ لا سَمراءَ\".\nوبِمَعناه رَواه أيّوبُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٢١ - أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ: \"رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمرٍ لا سَمراءَ\" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقالَ بَعضهُم عن ابنِ سيرينَ: \"إناءً مِن طَعامٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"شاة\".\n(^٢) السمراء: الحنطة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٠٥٨٦) عن يزيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٢٣٩) من طريق هشام به. وتقدم في (١٠٥٥٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٦، ٢٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٧٢). والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٧٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٨٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٠١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"11","page":179},{"text":"١٠٨٢٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال [رسولُ اللَّهِ] (^١) -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى لِقْحَةً مُصرّاةً، أو شاةً مُصَرّاةً، فحَلَبَها فهو بأَحَدِ النَّظَرَينِ بالخيارِ، إن شاءَ رَدَّها وِإناءً مِن طَعامٍ\" (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن ابنِ سيرينَ: \"صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، وهو بالخيارِ ثَلاثًا\". قال البخاريُّ: والتَّمرُ أكثَرُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: والمُرادُ بالطعامِ في هذا الخَبَرِ التَّمرُ فقَد قال: \"لا سَمراءَ\".\n\n١٠٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أتوبَ وهِشامٍ وحَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى شاةً مُصَرّاةً فهو بالخيارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّام، إن شاءَ رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن طَعامٍ لا سمراءَ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه قُرَّةُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ.\n\n١٠٨٢٤ - أخبَرَناه (^٥) أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه: \"أبو القاسم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٤٩٨)، وأحمد (٧٥٢٣) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٢١٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"أخبرنا\". وفي الحاشية: \"بخطه: أخبرناه\".","vol":"11","page":180},{"text":"أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَبَلَةَ عن أبي عامِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، عن جُمَيعِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ التَّيمِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: كُنّا على بابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَنتَظِرُه، فخَرَجَ فاتَّبعناه حَتَّى أتَى عَقَبَةً مِن عِقابِ المَدينَةِ فقَعَدَ عَلَيها فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ لا يَتَلَقَّيَن أحَدٌ مِنكم سوقًا، ولا يَبيعَنَّ مُهاجِرٌ لأعرابِيٍّ، ومَن باعَ مُحَفَّلَةً فهو بالخيارِ ثَلَاثةَ أيّامٍ، فإِن رَدَّها رَدَّ مَعَها مِثلَ -أو قال: مِثلَى- لَبَنِها قَمحًا\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به جُمَيعُ بنُ عُميرٍ (^٤). قال البخاريُّ: فيه نَظَرٌ (^٥).\n\n١٠٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٧٤)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٧٤. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢٥٢) من طريق أبي عامر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٦/ ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠ وفيه: صدقة بن أبي سعيد. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٤٠) من طريق عبد الواحد به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) جميع بن عمر بن عَفّاق أبو الأسود التيمي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عيه في الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٥٣٢، والمجروحين لابن حبان ١/ ٢١٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٢٤، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١١١: صدوق يخطئ ويتشيع.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"11","page":181},{"text":"المُفَضَّلِ، عن عَوفٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى مُصَرّاةً أو لِقْحَةً مُصَرّاةً فهو بأَحَدِ النَّظَرَينِ، بَينَ أن يَرُدَّها وِإناءً مِن طَعامٍ أو يأخُذَها\" (^١).\nهَذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الحَسَنِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ.\n\n١٠٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى شاة مُحَفَّلَةً فإِنَّ لِصاحِبِها أن يَحتَلِبَها، فإِن رَضِيَها فليُمسِكْها، وإِلَّا فليَرُدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه نَهَى أن يُتَلَقَّى الأجلابُ، وأن يَبيعَ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، \"ومَنِ اشتَرَى مُصَرّاةً فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ، فإِن حَلَبَها ورَضيَها أمسَكَها، وِإن رَدَّها رَدَّ مَعَها صاعًا مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٤٩٨) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث (٤٢٨ - بغية)، وأبو يعلى (٢٧٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلمٌ به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٨١: وفيه إسماعيل بن مسلم المكي وهو ضعيف.","vol":"11","page":182},{"text":"طَعامٍ أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخ: يَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هذا شَكًّا مِن بَعضِ الرّواةِ فقالَ صاعًا مِن هذا أو مِن ذاكَ. لا أنَّه على (^٢) وجهِ التَّخييرِ؛ ليَكونَ موافِقًا لِلأحاديثِ الثّابِتَةِ في هذا البابِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٠٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ ومُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَنِ اشتَرَى مُحَفَّلَةً فرَدَّها فليَرُدَّ مَعَها صاعًا. قال: ونَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن تَلَقِّى البُيوعِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٣٠ - ورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا مُعتَمِرٌ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: حدثنا أبو عثمانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَنِ اشتَرَى شاةً مُحَفَّلَةً فرَدَّها، فليَرُدَّ مَعَها صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٢١) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٨٢: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"من\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٩٦) عن يحيى به. وابن ماجه (٢١٨٠) من طريق التيمى به. بذكر المرفوع. وسيأتى في (١١٠١٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢١٤٩).","vol":"11","page":183},{"text":"الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنى أبو يَحيَى الرّويانىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ. فذَكَرَه (^١). قال الإسماعيلِىُّ: حَديثُ المُحَفَّلَةِ مِن قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ، وقَد رَفَعَه أبو خالِدٍ عن التَّيمِىِّ.\n\n١٠٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه ولَم يَقُلْ: مِن تَمرٍ.\nقال الإسماعيلِىُّ: ورَواه ابنُ المبارَكِ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ ويَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وهُشَيمٌ وجَريرٌ، وغَيرُهُم، مَوقوفًا على ابنِ مَسعودٍ، حَديثَ المُحَفَّلَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2398>بابُ مُدَّةِ الخيارِ في المُصَرّاةِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ شاةً مُصَرّاةً فهو بالخيارِ ثَلَاثةَ أيّامٍ، إن شاءَ أمسَكَها، وإن شاءَ رَدَّها ورَدّ مَعَها صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٠٦).\n(^٢) تقدم قريبًا من طريق يحيى بن سعيد، وأخرجه البخارى (٢١٦٤) من طريق يزيد بن زريع. والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٦ عن هشيم.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٩٧) عن قتيبة به.","vol":"11","page":184},{"text":"قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ يَعنِى عباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عَيّاشٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى مُصَرّاةً فهو بالخيارِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، فإِن رَدَّها رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن طَعامٍ لا سَمراءَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى عامِرٍ العَقَدِىِّ عن قُرَّةَ (^٣). وقالَ البخارىُّ: وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن ابنِ سيرينَ: \"صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ، وهو بالخيارِ ثَلاثًا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٨٢٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٢٤/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٢١٤٨).","vol":"11","page":185},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2399>جماعُ أبوابِ الخَراجِ بالضَّمانِ والرَّدِّ بالعُيوبِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2400>بابُ ما جاء في التَّدليسِ وكِتمانِ العَيبِ بالمَبيعِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ برَجُلٍ يَبيعُ طَعامًا فقالَ: \"كَيفَ تَبيعُ؟ \". فأخبَرَه، فأُوحِى (^١) إلَيه أن أدخِلْ يَدَكَ فيه، فأدخَلَ يَدَه فإِذا هو مَبلولٌ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن غَشَّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجزِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ على صُبرَةٍ (^٣) مِن طَعامٍ، فأدخَلَ يَدَه فيها فنالَت أصابِعُه بَلَلًا فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا صاحِبَ الطَّعامِ؟ \". قال: أصابَته السَّماءُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"أفَلا جَعَلتَه فوقَ الطعامِ حَتَّى يَراه النّاسُ؟ مَن غَشَّ فلَيسَ مِنِّى\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"الله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٠٥)، والصغرى (١٩٢٠). وفيهما بلفظ: غشنا. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٩٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٤٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) الصبرة: الطعام المجتمِع كالكُومة، وجمعها صُبَر. النهاية ٣/ ٩.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٩. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣١٥)، وابن حبان (٤٩٠٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.","vol":"11","page":186},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ (^١).\n\n١٠٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أيّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِالرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ، ولا يَحِلُّ لمسلِمٍ إن باعَ مِن أخيه بَيعًا فيه عَيبٌ ألا يُبَيِّنَه له\" (^٢)\n\n١٠٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحِيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ ابنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدّثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى مالكٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سِباعٍ قال: اشتَرَيتُ ناقَةً مِن دارِ واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ، فلَمّا خَرَجتُ أدرَكَنا واثِلَةُ بنُ الأسقَعِ وهو يَجُرُّ رِداءَه قال: يا عبدَ اللهِ اشتَرَيتَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: هَل بُيِّنَ لَكَ ما فيها؟ قُلتُ: وما فيها؟ إنَّها لَسَمينَةٌ ظاهِرَةُ الصِّحَّةِ. فقالَ: أرَدتَ بها لَحمًا أو أرَدتَ بها سَفَرًا؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَل أرَدتُ عَلَيها الحَجَّ. قال: فإِنَّ بخُفِّها نَقَبًا (^٣). قال: فقالَ صاحِبُها: أصلَحَكَ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٢).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٨ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٤٦) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وأحمد (١٧٤٥١) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به. وفيه: لا يحل لامرئ مسلم أن يغيب ما بسلعته عن أخيه إن علم بها تركها.\n(^٣) نَقِب البعير: رقت أخفافه. تاج العروس ٤/ ٣٠٠ (ن ق ب).","vol":"11","page":187},{"text":"ما تُريدُ إلَى هذا؟ تَفسِدُ علىَّ! قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن باعَ شَيئًا فلا يَحِلُّ له حَتَّى يُبيِّن ما فيه، ولا يَحِلُّ لمن يَعلَمُ ذَلِكَ ألَّا يُبَيِّنَه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2401>بابُ صِحَّةِ البَيعِ الَّذِى وقَعَ فيه التَّدليسُ مَعَ ثُبوتِ الخيارِ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُصَرّوا الإبِلَ والغَنَمَ، فمَنِ ابتاعَها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّه بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ بَعدَ أن يَحلُبَها، إن شاءَ أمسَكَها وإن شاءَ رَدَّها وصاعًا مِن تَمرٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضى (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو ابنُ دينارٍ قال: اشتَرَى ابنُ عُمَرَ مِن شَريكِ النَّوّاسِ إبِلًا هِيمًا (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠١٣) عن أبى النضر به. وقال البوصيرى في الإتحاف ٤/ ٢٢٥: هذا إسناد ضعيف لجهالة أبى شجاع، قاله أبو حاتم.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٩٤٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٥١٥). وتقدم في (١٠٨١٥).\n(^٤) هيما: أصابها الهُيام، وهو داء يُكْسِبها العطشَ، فتمص الماء مَصًّا ولا تروى. النهاية ٥/ ٢٨٩.\nوالأثر عند الحميدى (٧٠٥). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٦٣١) من طريق سفيان مختصرًا.","vol":"11","page":188},{"text":"حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ اشتَرَى إبِلًا هِيامًا مِن شَريكٍ لِرَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: نَوّاسٌ. مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ، فأخبَرَ نَوّاسًا أنَّه باعَها مِن شَيخٍ كَذا وكَذا، فقالَ نَوّاسٌ: ويلَكَ! ذاكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ. فجاءَ نَوّاسٌ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّ شَريكِى باعَكَ إبِلًا هِيامًا ولَم يَعرِفْكَ. قال: فاستَقْها إذن. قال: فلَمّا ذَهَبَ ليَستاقَها قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: دَعْها رَضينا بقَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"لا عَدوَى\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن سُفيانَ وقالَ: هِيمٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2402>بابُ المشتَرِى يَجِدُ بما اشتَراه عَيبًا وقَدِ استَغَلَّه زَمانًا</span>\n\n١٠٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ بنتِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كَشْمَردُ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن مَخلَدِ بنِ خُفَافٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الخَراجُ بالضَّمانِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيبه (٢٣ - مسند على) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٠٩٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥، وأبو داود (٣٥٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٩٩) عن يزيد به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢١ من طريق القعنبى به. والترمذى (١٢٨٥)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٤٢) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"11","page":189},{"text":"١٠٨٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن الخَراجَ بالضَّمانِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (^٢)، واختَلَفوا على ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ في قِصَّةِ الحَديثِ.\n\n١٠٨٤٣ - فأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن مَخلَدِ بنِ خُفَافٍ قال: كان بَينى وبَينَ شُرَكاءَ لِى عبدٌ فاقتَوَيناه (^٣) فيما بَينَنا. قال: وكانَ مِنهُم غائبٌ فقَدِمَ، فخاصَمَنا إلَى هِشامٍ، فقَضَى أن يُرَدَّ (^٤) العَبدُ وخَراجُه، وقَد كان اجتَمَعَ مِن خَراجِه ألفُ دِرهَمٍ. قال: فأتَيتُ عُروةَ فأخبَرتُه، فأخبَرَنِى عُروَةُ عن عائشةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالخَراجِ بالضَّمانِ. قال: فأتَيتُ هِشامًا فأخبَرتُه. قال: فرَدَّ ذَلِكَ وأجازَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٢٤) عن يحيى القطان به. بصيغة القول.\n(^٣) التقاوى بين الشركاء: أن يشتروا سلعة رخيصة ثم يتزايدوا بينهم حتى يبلغوا غاية ثمنها - النهاية ٤/ ١٢٨.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ترد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٧٧٥)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٩٢٨) عن جعفر بن عون به، وزادا في آخره: ولم يرد الخراج. ووقع عند إسحاق: جعفر بن عروة.","vol":"11","page":190},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يُسَمِّ الألفَ ولا هِشامًا، وقالَ: إلَى بَعضِ القُضاةِ (^١). ورَواه ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ وسَمّاهُما (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن مَخلَدِ بنِ خُفافٍ الغِفارِىِّ قال: خاصَمتُ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ في عبدٍ دُلِّسَ لَنا، فأصَبنا مِن غَلَّتِه، وعِندَه عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، فحَدَّثَه عُروَةُ عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى أن الخَراجَ بالضَّمانِ (^٣).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عَمَّن لا يُتَّهَمُ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ.\n\n١٠٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى مَن لا أتَّهِمُ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ قال: أخبرَنى مَخلَدُ بنُ خُفافٍ قال: ابتَعتُ غُلامًا فاستَغلَلتُه، ثُمَّ ظَهَرتُ مِنه على عَيبٍ، فخاصَمتُ فيه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فقَضَى لِى برَدِّه وقَضَى علىَّ برَدِّ غَلَّتِه، فأتَيتُ عُروةَ فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: أروحُ إلَيه العَشيَّةَ فأُخبِرُه أن عائشةَ أخبَرَتنِى أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرج أبو داود (٣٥٠٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٥٣ من طريق ابن أبى فديك به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٠٩)، والطيالسى (١٥٦٧).","vol":"11","page":191},{"text":"قَضَى في مِثلِ هذا أن الخَراجَ بالضَّمانِ. فعَجَّلتُ إلَى عُمَرَ فأخبَرتُه ما أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ عن عائشةَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ عُمَرُ: فما أيسَرَ علىَّ مِن قَضاءٍ قَضَيتُه اللهُ يَعلَمُ أنِّى لَم أُرِدْ فيه إلَّا الحَقَّ، فبَلَغَتنِى فيه سُنَّةٌ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأرُدُّ قَضاءَ عُمَرَ وأُنفِذُ سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فراحَ إلَيه عُروَةُ فقَضَى لِى أن آخُذَ الخَراجَ مِنَ الَّذِى قَضَى به علىَّ لَه (^١).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىُّ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ:\n\n١٠٨٤٦ - [أنبأ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، ثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، ثنا يحيى بنُ محمدٍ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا مسلمُ بنُ خالدٍ، عن هشامِ بنِ عروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ] (^٢) أن رَجُلًا اشتَرَى غُلامًا في زَمَنِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وبِه عَيبٌ لَم يَعلَمْ به فاستَغَلَّه ثُمَّ عَلِمَ العَيبَ فرَدَّه، فخاصَمَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّه استَغَلَّه مُنذُ زَمانٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الغَلَّةُ بالضَّمانِ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى عن مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ، إلَّا إنَّه قال: \"الخَراجُ بالضَّمانِ\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٨٢). والشافعى في الرسالة (١٢٣٢). وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢٠٨٨: مخلد فيه لين.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩١٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٥ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥١٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٤٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٢٧) من طريق مسلم بن خالد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٤، ١٥، وعنه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٧٩) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى.","vol":"11","page":192},{"text":"مَروانَ (^١)، عن أبيه، عن مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٤٧ - وقَد تابَعَ عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ المُقَدَّمِىُّ مُسلِمَ بنَ خالِدٍ على رِوايَتِه، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ دونَ القِصَّةِ.\nأخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى أن الخَراجَ بالضَّمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أن رَجُلًا اشتَرَى مِن رَجُلٍ غُلامًا فأصابَ مِن غَلَّتِه، ثُمَّ وجَدَ به داءً كان عِندَ البائعِ، فخاصَمَه إلَى شُرَيحٍ فقالَ: رُدَّ الدّاءَ بدائِه، ولَكَ الغَلَّةُ بالضَّمانِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2403>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَنِ اشتَرَى جاريَةً فأصابَها ثُمَّ وجَدَ بها عَيبًا</span>\n\n١٠٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ الكِرمانىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"مرزوق\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥١٠). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٩٦).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٠٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٨٦) عن يحيى بن خلف به. وقال: حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٧. وأخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦ من طريق الشيبانى به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٤٧٢).","vol":"11","page":193},{"text":"جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبى، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن علىٍّ في رَجُلٍ اشتَرَى جاريَةً فوَطِئَها فوَجَدَ بها عَيبًا قال: لَزِمَته، ويَرُدُّ البائعُ ما بَينَ الصِّحَّةِ والدّاءِ، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ وطِئَها رَدَّها.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وحَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ عن جَعفَرٍ بنِ محمدٍ. وهو مُرسَلٌ (^١). علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ لَم يُدرِكْ جَدَّه عَليًّا.\nوقَد روِى عن مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ عن جَعفَرٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن حُسَينِ بنِ علىٍّ عن علىٍّ. ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٥٠ - أنبأنى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ قال: إن كانَت ثَيِّبًا رَدَّ مَعَها نِصفَ العُشرِ، وإن كانَت بكرًا رَدَّ العُشرَ. قال علىٌّ: هذا مُرسَلٌ، عامِرٌ لَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٥١ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -: لا نَعلَمُه يَثبُتُ عن عُمَرَ ولا علىٍّ ولا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٨٥) عن الثورى. وابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٦٠) عن حفص دون قوله: وإن لم بكن وطئها ردها.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٨ من طريق مسلم بن خالد به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٩، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٥٨). وأخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٤/ ٣١٠ من طريق شريك به.","vol":"11","page":194},{"text":"واحِدٍ مِنهُما. وكَذَلِكَ قال بَعضُ مَن حَضَرَه وحَضَرَ مَن يُناظِرُه في ذَلِكَ مِن أهلِ الحَديثِ أن ذَلِكَ لا يَثبُتُ. وهو فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ في كِتابِ \"اختلاف العراقيَّيْن\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2404>بابُ ما جاءَ في البَعيرِ الشَّرودِ يُرَدُّ</span>\n\n١٠٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبانٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبى يَزيدَ المَدينِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الشَّرودُ يُرَدُّ\". يَعنِى البَعيرَ الشَّرودَ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ وبَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ عن عبدِ السَّلامِ في رَجُلٍ ابتاعَ بَعيرًا فمَكَثَ عِندَه ثُمَّ شَرَدَ، فجاءَ به إلَى صاحِبِه فقَبِلَه، ثُمَّ ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أما إنَّ البَعيرَ الشَّرودَ يُرَدُّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا سَوّارُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث للشافعى ص ٢٧٧.\nوفى حاشية الأصل: \"يعنى العراقيين. قلت: هما أبو حنيفة وابن أبى ليلى، والله أعلم\". ا. هـ. وينظر تهذيب الأسماء واللغات (القسم الثانى من الجزء الثانى ٣/ ١٣).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٢٩، وأبو يعلى (٦١٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣. من طريق بدل بن المحبر به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢٠٨٩: عبد السلام ممن يكتب حديثه للشواهد.","vol":"11","page":195},{"text":"العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ عَجلانَ العُجَيفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَزيدَ المَدَنىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2405>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَنِ ابتاعَ جاريَةً فوَجَدَها ذاتَ زَوجٍ</span>\n\n١٠٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ ابتاعَ وليدَةً مِن عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ فوَجَدَها ذاتَ زَوجٍ فرَدَّها (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ اشتَرَى مِن عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ جاريَةً، فأُخبِرَ أن لها زَوجًا فرَدَّها (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غَيلانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى عن الأمَةِ تُباعُ ولَها\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٢١٣) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦١٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٨٣). والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٥٥)، وسعيد ابن منصور (١٩٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ١٨٠ من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"11","page":196},{"text":"زَوجٌ، أن عثمانَ قَضَى أنَّه عَيبٌ تُرَدُّ (^١) مِنه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2406>بابُ ما جاءَ في عُهدَةِ الرَّقيقِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عُهدَةُ الرَّقيقِ ثَلاثُ لَيالٍ\". قال عبدُ الوَهّابِ: قال سعيدٌ: فقُلتُ لِقَتادَةَ: كَيفَ يَكونُ هَذا؟ قال: إذا وجَدَ المُشتَرِى عَيبًا بالسِّلعَةِ فإِنَّه يَرُدُّها في تِلكَ الثَّلاثَةِ أيّامٍ ولا يُسألُ البَيِّنَةَ، وإِذا مَضَتِ الثَّلاثَةُ أيّامٍ فلَيسَ له أن يَرُدَّها إلَّا ببَيِّنَةٍ أنَّه اشتَراها وذَلِكَ العَيبُ بها، وإِلا فيَمينُ البائعِ أنَّه لَم يَبِعْه بداءٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\nوخالَفَهُم هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ في مَتنِه:\n\n١٠٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) رسمت في الأصل بالتاء والياء.\n(^٢) ينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٦١٧، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣١٧٨)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٦٠).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"كذا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢١ من طريق يحيى بن أبى طالب به. وأحمد (١٧٣٨٤) من طريق سعيد به مختصرًا بلفظ: \"عهدة الرقيق ثلاث\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٠٧) من طريق همام به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٥٦).","vol":"11","page":197},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشام الدَّستُوائىُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"عُهدَةُ الرَّقيقِ أربَعُ لَيالٍ\". قال عبدُ الوَهّابِ: قال هِشامٌ: قال قَتادَةُ: وأهلُ المَدينَةِ يَقولونَ ثَلاثًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ وغَيرُه عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٥٩ - ورَواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن هِشامٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن سَمُرَةَ أو عُقبَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عُهدَةُ الرَّقيقِ أربَعَةُ أيّامٍ\". حَدَّثناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكرَه (^٣).\nورَواه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ كما:\n\n١٠٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ ابنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا عُهدَةَ فوقَ أربَعٍ\" (^٤). مَدارُ هذا الحَديثِ على الحَسَنِ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، وهو مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٥٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢١، ٢٢ من طريق معاذ بن هشام به، وقال: صحيح الإسناد. غير أنه على الإرسال، فإن الحسن لم يسمع من عقبة بن عامر.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٥٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٤٤) من طريق قتادة عن الحسن عن سمرة وحده بلفظ: \"ثلاثة أيام\". وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٧٩٠): هذا إسناد رجاله ثقات وسعيد هو ابن أبى عروبة اختلط بآخره، وعبدة بن سليمان روى عنه قبل، وسماع الحسن من سمرة مختلف فيه.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٤٥) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"11","page":198},{"text":"قال علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المَدينِىِّ: لَم يَسمَعِ الحَسَنُ مِن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ شَيئًا. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ المَدينِىَّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه جَماعَةٌ مِن أئمَّةِ أهلِ النَّقلِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: والخَبَرُ في أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - جَعَلَ لِحَبّانَ بنِ مُنقِذٍ عُهدَةَ ثَلاثٍ خاصٌّ.\nوروِى عن سعيدِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: لَم يَكُنْ فيما مَضَى عُهدَةٌ في الأرضِ لا مِن هُيامٍ ولا مِن جُذامٍ ولا شَئٍ. قُلتُ له: ما ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ؟ قال: لا شيءَ؛ إذا ابتاعَه صَحيحًا لا أرَى إلَّا ذَلِكَ، اللهُ يُحدِثُ مِن أمرِه ما يَشاءُ، إلَّا أن يأتى ببَيِّنَةٍ على شَئٍ كان قَبلَ أن يَبتاعَه، وكَذَلِكَ نُرَى الأمرَ الآن (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2407>بابُ ما جاءَ في مالِ العَبدِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ، علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنى علىٌّ،\n_________\n(^١) علل على بن المدينى ص ٧٠، والأم ٧/ ١٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٨٥) عن الشافعى. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٥/ ٣٧٥ من طريق ابن جريج به مختصرًا.","vol":"11","page":199},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالمٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ نَخلًا بَعدَ أن ئؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرَتُها لِلَّذِى باعَها إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، ومَنِ ابتاعَ عبدًا فمالُه لِلَّذِى باعَه إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن اللَّيثِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن باعَ نخلًا بَعدَ أن تُؤَبَّرَ فثَمَرَتُها لِلَّذِى أبَّرَها، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، ومَن باعَ عبدًا له مالٌ فمالُه لِلَّذِى باعَه، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه (^٤)، هَكَذا رَواه سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قِصَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢٤٤) عن قتيبة. وتقدم في (٧٤٢٤، ١٠٦٧٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٧٩)، ومسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩١٦) دون ذكر العبد. وتقدم في (١٠٦٧٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٣/ ...).","vol":"11","page":200},{"text":"النَّخلِ والعَبدِ جَميعًا، خالَفَه نافِعٌ فرَوَى قِصَّةَ النَّخلِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وقِصَّةَ العَبدِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٠٨٦٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن باعَ نَخلًا قَد أُبِّرَت فثَمَرَتُها (^١) لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٦٥ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطاب - ﵁ - قال: مَن باعَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ فمالُه لِلبائعِ إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ وغَيرُه عن نافِعٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا علىٍّ الحُسَينَ بنَ علىٍّ الحافظَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا حامِدٍ أحمدَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ يقولُ: سألتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ، عن اختِلافِ سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ في قِصَّةِ العَبدِ، قال: القَولُ ما قال نافِعٌ وإِن كان سالِمٌ أحفَظَ مِنه.\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فثمرها\".\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ٣ و- مخطوط). وتقدم في (١٠٦٧٤).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦١١، ومن طريقه البخارى عقب (٢٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٣٤٣٤). وهو عند أبى داود مرفوع. وينظر التحفة (١٠٥٥٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٦٧٧، ١٠٦٧٨).","vol":"11","page":201},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا علىٍّ يقولُ: سألتُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائىَّ عن حَديثِ سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في قِصَّةِ النخل والعبدِ، فقالَ: القَولُ ما قال نافِعٌ وإِن كان سالِمٌ أحفَظَ مِنه.\nورأيتُ في كِتابِ \"العلل\" لأبِى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ عن أبى عيسَى قال: سألتُ عنه محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ، فقالَ: إنَّ نافِعًا يُخالِفُ سالِمًا في أحاديثَ، وهَذا مِن تِلكَ الأحاديثِ. وكأنَّه رأى الحديثَينِ صَحيحًا، وأنَّه يَحْتَمِلُ عَنهُما جَميعًا (^١). قال: وقَد رَوَوا (^٢) هذا الحَديثَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ وغَيرِهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ فإِنَّها عنه عن بُكَيرِ ابنِ الأشَجِّ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بخِلافِ هذا اللَّفظِ:\n\n١٠٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى مِن أصلِ كِتابِه وفِى \"فوائده\"، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ بانتِخابِ أبى علىٍّ الحافظِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ وابنُ أبى مَريَمَ أن اللَّيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن\n_________\n(^١) العلل ص ١٨٥، ١٨٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"روى\".","vol":"11","page":202},{"text":"أعتَقَ محمدًا فمالُه له، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ السيِّدُ مالَه فيَكونَ له\". وفى رِوايَةِ أبى سعيدٍ: أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١).\nورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ وقالَ في لَفظِه: \"مَن أعتَقَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ فمالُ العَبدِ له إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ السَّيِّدُ\" (^٢). وهَذا بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن نافِعٍ، فقَد رَواه الحُفّاظُ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ كما تَقَدَّمَ، ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كما رَواه سالمٌ عن أبيه:\n\n١٠٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ عبدًا فمالُه لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٣).\nوكذَلِكَ رَواه عثمانُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ عن شُعبَةَ عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابن عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٠٨٦٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ ابنِ جَبَلَةَ بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن شُعبَةَ قال: سمِعتُ عبدَ رَبِّه بنَ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٢٩) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب. وعند ابن ماجه ابن لهيعة فقط، وعند النسائي: قال الليث وذكر آخر. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٣٢٠)، والطبرانى في الشاميين (٢٥٠) من طريق نافع به وبنحوه.","vol":"11","page":203},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ نَخلًا قَد أُبِّرَت فثَمَرَتُها لِرَبِّها الأوَّلِ، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ مَملوكًا ولَه مالٌ فمالُه لِرَبِّه الأوَّلِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\". قال شُعبَةُ: فحَدَّثتُ (^١) بحَديثِ أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَ بالنَّخلِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، والمَملوكِ عن عُمَرَ، فقالَ عبدُ رَبِّه: لا أعلَمُهما إلَّا عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. ثُمَّ قال مَرَّةً أُخرَى: فحَدَّثَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ولَم يَشُكَّ (^٢). ورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ مَملوكًا له مالٌ فمالُه لِرَبِّه الأوَّلِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ نَخلًا قَد أينَعَت فثَمَرَتُها لِرَبِّها الأوَّلِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٤). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد روِى عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ عن قَتادَةَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٥). وكأنَّه أرادَ حَديثَ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"فحدثته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢١٢) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٧٩٧).\n(^٣) يأتى بعد الحديث التالى.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل (٣٢٥) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (٤٨٥٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٩٣) من طريق عكرمة به، وعند أحمد بذكر النخل فحسب.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل (٣٢٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٩٤) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"11","page":204},{"text":"وروِيَ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٠٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن أبى وهبٍ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الكَلاعِىِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (ح). قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ قال: وأخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن أبى مُعَيدٍ حَفصِ ابنِ غَيلانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن باعَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ فله مالُه وعَلَيه دَينُه، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، ومَن أبَّرَ نَخلًا فباعَ بَعدَ ما يُؤَبِّرُه فلَه ثَمَرَتُه، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ ثابِتٍ أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن باعَ نَخلًا مُؤَبَّرًا أو عبدًا له مالٌ، فالثَّمَرَةُ والمالُ لِلبائعِ إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المشتَرِى\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١١١.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١١٧. وعنده: عبد الله بن عبيد الله مكان: عبيد الله بن عبيد. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٢٥) عن الحكم بن موسى به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٨٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٢٤) من طريق الوليد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٠٧: وفيه سليمان بن موسى الدمشقى، وهو ثقة وفيه كلام.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الآثار (٨٢٩)، وأبو نعيم في مسند أبى حنيفة ١/ ٣١، ٣٢، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٤٦٨ من طريق أبى حنيفة به.","vol":"11","page":205},{"text":"١٠٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن باعَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ فمالُه لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المشتَرِى\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ وغَيرُه عن سُفيانَ (^٢). وهو مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ، وروِى عن علىٍّ وعُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ بإِسنادَينِ مُرسَلَينِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٠٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا قال: مَن باعَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ فمالُه لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، قَضَى به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ومَن باعَ نَخلًا قَد أُبِّرَت فثَمَرَتُها لِلبائعِ، إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ الأسَدِىُّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢١٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٣٥) من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق -كما في المطالب العالية (١٥٥٥) - من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.","vol":"11","page":206},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن ثَمَرَ النَّخلِ لمن أبَّرَها إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، وأنَّ مالَ المَملوكِ لمن باعَه إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ (^١).\n\n١٠٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أحمدَ الصَّفّارُ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ أبى المُساوِرِ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبيه وكانَ مَملوكًا لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال له عبدُ اللهِ: ما مالُكَ يا عُمَيرُ؟ فإِنِّى أُريدُ أن أعتِقَكَ، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أعتَقَ عبدًا فمالُه لِلَّذِى أعتَقَ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال ذَلِكَ لِعُمَيرٍ (^٣)، وهو وإِن كان مُرسَلًا ففيه قوَّةٌ لِرِوايَةِ عبدِ الأعلَى. ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى خالِدٍ عن عِمرانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن أبيه أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ أعتَقَ أباه عُمَيرًا ثُمَّ قال: أما إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢١٣) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٧٧٨): هذا إسناد ضعيف لضعف إسحاق بن يحيى بن الوليد وأيضًا لم يدرك عبادة بن الصامت. قاله البخارى والترمذى وابن حبان وابن عدى.\n(^٢) حديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى (٦٧). وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٥٤ من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٠) من طريق عمير به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢٠٩٢: عبد الأعلى متروك.\n(^٣) ذكره البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٧٩ عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم عن عمة يونس بن عمران عن القاسم به. وقال البخارى: لا يتابع في رفعه.","vol":"11","page":207},{"text":"مالَكَ لِى. ثُمَّ تَرَكَه (^١).\n\n١٠٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: لَولا أمرانِ لأحبَبتُ أن أكونَ عبدًا مَملوكًا، وذَلِكَ أن المَملوكَ لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَصنَعَ شَيئًا في مالِه، وذَلِكَ أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما خَلَقَ اللهُ عبدًا يُؤَدِّى حَقَّ اللهِ عَلَيه وحَقَّ سَيدِه إلَّا وَفَّاه اللهُ أجرَه مَرَّتَينِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: العَبدُ ومالُه لِسَيِّدِه، فلَيسَ على سَيِّدِه جُناحٌ فيما أصابَ مِن مالِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٧٨ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لا يَصلُحُ لِلعَبدِ أن يُنفِقَ مِن مالِه شَيئًا، ولا يُعطيَه أحَدًا إلَّا بإِذنِ سَيِّدِه، إلَّا أن يأكُلَ فيه بالمَعروفِ أو يَكتَسِى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦١٨) عن الثورى به. وأبو يوسف في الآثار (٧٧٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨١٦)، والطبرانى (٩١٥٧) من طريق عمران بن عمير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٨٩) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢٠٩٣: سنده قوى.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٣٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٠١٥)، وسحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٢٤٩ من طريق نافع به.","vol":"11","page":208},{"text":"١٠٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ طاوُسًا يُخبِرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن المَملوكَ لا يَملِكُ مِن دَمِه ولا مالِه شَيئًا.\n\n١٠٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا عباس الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ حَفصٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سَلامَةَ العِجلِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بجَفنَةٍ مِن خُبزٍ ولَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا سَلمانُ؟ \". قُلتُ: صَدَقَةٌ. فلَم يأكُلْ، وقالَ لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". ثُمَّ أتَيتُه بجَفنَةٍ مِن خُبزٍ ولَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا سَلمانُ؟ \". قُلتُ: هَديَّةٌ. فأكَلَ وقالَ: \"إنّا نأكُلُ الهَديَّةَ ولا نأكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما تَقولُ في النَّصارَى؟ قال: \"يا سَلمانُ لا خَيرَ في النَّصارَى ولا فيمَن يُحِبُّهُم -ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ- إلَّا مَن كان على مِثلِ دينِ صاحِبِكَ\". قال: فعَلِمتُ أن صاحِبِى كان على دينِ عيسَى. يَعنِى الرّاهِبَ الَّذِى كان مَعَه سَلمانُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ زيادَةٌ تَدُلُّ على كَونِ سَلمانَ عبدًا حينَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦١١٠)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٩٨ - ٢٠١ من طريق قيس بن حفص به. قال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٣٤٣: ورجاله رجال الصحيح غير سلامة العجلى وقد وثقه ابن حبان.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٢١٦٥١).","vol":"11","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2408>بابُ كَراهيَةِ بَيعِ العَصيرِ ممَّن يَعصِرُ الخَمرَ، والسَّيفِ مِمَّن يَعصِى اللهَ ﷿ بهِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ رَجُلٌ (^١) مِن مَوالينا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبى عَلقَمَةَ مَولاهُم وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الغافِقِىِّ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ الخَمرَ وشارِبَها وساقيَها وبائعَها ومُبتاعَها وعاصِرَها ومُعتَصِرَها وحامِلَها والمَحمولَ إليه\". زادَ جَعفَرٌ في رِوايَتِه: \"وآكِلَ ثَمَنِها\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ حَمّادٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ قال: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ عن محمدِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَومًا عن أبى الأشهَبِ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ورجل\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٨٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عمر عن أبى طعمة بدل: أبى علقمة وفيهما: \"وآكل ثمنها\". قال المزى في تحفة الأشراف (٧٢٩٦): قال أبو الحسن ابن العبد وغير واحد عن أبى داود: أبو طعمة. وهو الصواب. اهـ. وسيأتى في (١٧٤١١، ١٧٤١٢). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣١٢١).","vol":"11","page":210},{"text":"عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ بَيعَ السِّلاحِ في الفِتنَةِ (^١).\n\n١٠٨٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ يَحيَى إمامُ جامِعِ قَرْقِيسِيا (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ السِّلاحِ في الفِتنَةِ (^٣).\nرَفعُه وهمٌ والمَوقوفُ أصَحُّ، ويُروَى ذَلِكَ عن أبى رَجاءٍ مِن قَولِهِ. وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مَرفوعًا مِن حَديثِ بَحرِ بنِ كَنيزٍ السَّقّاءِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ القِبطِىِّ عن أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ السِّلاحِ في الفِتنَةِ:\n\n١٠٨٨٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا بَحرٌ السَّقّاءُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وبَحرٌ السَّقّاءُ ضعيفٌ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٦٩، والعلل ومعرفة الرجال لأحمد بن حنبل (٣٨٢٩)، وعنه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ١٣٨، ١٣٩.\n(^٢) قرقيسيا: كورة من كور ديار ربيعة وهى كلها بين الحيرة والشام. معجم ما استعجم ٣/ ١٠٦٦.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٦٩.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فذكراه\". والحديث أخرجه أحمد بن منيع -كما في المطالب العالية (٤٨٦١) - عن يزيد بن هارون به. والبزار (٣٥٨٩)، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ١٣٩، والطبرانى ١٨/ ١٣٦ (٢٨٦)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٤٨٣ من طريق بحر به. ووقع عند البزار: عبد الله اللقيطى مكان عبيد الله القبطى. وقال البزار: عبد الله اللقيطى ليس بالمعروف وبحر بن كنيز لم يكن بالقوى.","vol":"11","page":211},{"text":"لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2409>بابُ بَيعِ البَراءَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَبّادُ بنُ لَيثٍ صاحِبُ الكَرابيسِ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ يَعنِى أبا وهبٍ، عن العَدّاءِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ هَوذَةَ قال: ألا أُقرِئُكَ كِتابًا كَتَبَه لى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأخرَجَ كِتابًا فإِذا فيه: \"هذا ما اشتَرَى العَدّاءُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ هَوذَةَ مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ، اشتَرَى مِنه عبدًا -أو أمَةً، عَبّادٌ يَشُكُّ- لا داءَ له (^٣) ولا غائلَةَ (^٤) ولا خِبثَةَ (^٥)، بَيعَ المُسلِمِ المُسلِمَ\" (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا الحَديثُ يُعرَفُ بعَبّادِ بنِ اللَّيثِ.\nوقَد كَتَبناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ غَيرِ مُعتَمَدٍ:\n\n١٠٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فِهرٍ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٩٩).\n(^٢) الكرابيس؛ جمع الكرباس بالكسر وهو ثوب من القطن الأبيض. ينظر التاج ١٦/ ٤٣٢ (ك ر ب س).\n(^٣) ضبب عليها في: الأصل.\n(^٤) الغائلة: كل شئ يقصد به الخداع والتدليس، فالغائلة في البيع كل ما أدى إلى تلف الحق وذهابه. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٥) أراد بالخبثة، الحرام، والخبثة: نوع من أنواع الخبيث، أراد أنه عبد رقيق لا أنه عبد قوم لا يحل سبيهم، كمن أعطى عهدًا أو أمانًا أو من هو حر في الأصل. النهاية ٢/ ٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى -كما في التحفة (٩٨٤٨) - وابن ماجه (٢٢٥١)، من طريق عباد بن ليث به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.","vol":"11","page":212},{"text":"حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ رَشيقٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا قَعنَبُ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ (^١) حدثنا الأصمَعِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ الشَّحّامُ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِىِّ قال: قال العَدّاءُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ هَوذَةَ: ألا أُقرِئُكُم كِتابًا كَتَبَه لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقُلنا: بَلَى. فإِذا فيه مَكتوبٌ: \"بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذا ما اشتَرَى العَدّاءُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ هَوذَةَ مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ، اشتَرَى مِنه عبدًا -أو أمَةً، شَكَّ عثمانُ- بياعَةَ أو بَيعَ المُسلِمِ المُسلِمَ، لا داءَ ولا غائلَةَ ولا خِبثَةَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ البَغدادِىِّ الهَرَوِىِّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّه كان يَرَى البَراءَةَ مِن كُلِّ عَيبٍ جائزًا (^٣).\nورَواه علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ عن شَريكٍ وقالَ: عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِىُّ قال: قال أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: حَديثُ شَريكٍ عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ: البَراءَةُ مِن كُلِّ عَيبٍ بَراءَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص، م: \"محرز\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ١٢ (١٥)، وعنه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٦١٨)، وابن عبد البر في الاستيعاب ٣/ ١٢٣٧، ١٢٣٨ من طريق الأصمعى به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢٠٩٤: ما أرى بهذا الإسناد بأسا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٨٣) عن شريك به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٤٨٨) عن شريك به.","vol":"11","page":213},{"text":"لَيسَ يَثبُتُ، تَفَرَّدَ به شَريكٌ، وكانَ في كِتابِه: عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن ساسُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: سُئلَ عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن حَديثِ شَريكٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ في البَيعِ بالبَراءَةِ فقالَ: أجابَ شَريكٌ على غَيرِ ما كان في كِتابِه. ولَم نَجِدْ لهَذا الحَديثِ أصلًا (^١).\n\n١٠٨٨٨ - قال الشيخُ: أصَحُّ ما روِى في هذا البابِ ما أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ باعَ غُلامًا له بثَمانِمائَةِ دِرهَمٍ وباعَه بالبَراءَةِ، فقالَ الَّذِى ابتاعَه لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: بالغُلامِ داءٌ لَم تُسَمِّه. فاختَصَما إلَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: باعَنِى عبدًا وبِه داءٌ لَم يُسَمِّه لِى. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: بعتُه بالبَراءَةِ. فقَضَى عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ باليَمينِ أنْ يَحلِفَ له لَقَد باعَه الغُلامَ وما به داءٌ يَعلَمُه. فأبَى عبدُ اللهِ أنْ يَحلِفَ له، وارتَجَعَ العَبدَ فباعَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ بألفٍ وخَمسِمائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٢). قال مالكٌ: الأمرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٩٥ من طريق سفيان بن عبد الملك به، وفيه: \"جاء به\" بدلا من \"أجاب\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٢٢)، ومالك ٢/ ٦١٣، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٢٢)، وسحنون في المدونة ٤/ ٣٥١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٨٤)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في مسائله (١٢١٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"11","page":214},{"text":"المُجتَمَعُ عَلَيه عِندَنا فيمَن باعَ عبدًا أو وليدَةً أو حَيَوانًا بالبَراءَةِ، فقَد بَرِئَ مِن كُلِّ عَيبٍ، إلَّا أنْ يَكونَ عَلِمَ في ذَلِكَ عَيبًا فكَتَمَه، فإِنْ كان عَلِمَ عَيبًا فكَتَمَه لَم تَنفَعْه تَبرِئَتُه، وكانَ ما باعَ مَردودًا عَلَيهِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن الشّافِعِىِّ أنَّه قال في الرَّجُلِ يَبيعُ العَبدَ أو شَيئًا (^٢) مِنَ الحَيَوانِ بالبَراءَةِ مِنَ العُيوبِ: فالَّذِى نَذهَبُ إلَيه، واللهُ أعلمُ، قَضاءُ عثمانَ ابنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه بَرِئَ مِن كُلِّ عَيبٍ لَم يَعلَمْه، ولَم يَبرأْ مِن عَيبٍ عَلِمَه ولَم يُسَمِّه البائعُ (^٣).\n\n١٠٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ وهِشامٍ ويَحيَى بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ، أنَّ شُرَيحًا كان لا يُبَرِّئُ مِنَ الدّاءِ حَتَّى يُريَه إيّاه، قال يَحيَى: يقولُ: بَرِئتُ مِن كَذا وكَذا. وإِنْ دَخَلَ داءٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَى ذَلِكَ لَم يَبرأْ حَتَّى يُريَه ذَلِكَ العَيبَ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ في الرَّجُلِ يَبيعُ السِّلعَةَ ويَبرأُ مِنَ الدّاءِ، قال: هو بَرِئٌ مِمّا سَمَّى (^٥). وعن شُرَيحٍ القاضى: لا يَبرأُ حَتَّى يَضَعَ يَدَه على\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦١٤.\n(^٢) في م: \"ما شاء\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٩٩.\n(^٤) المعرفة والتاريخ ٣/ ٧٨، ٧٩.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٧١٩)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٨٥، ٢١٣٩٢).","vol":"11","page":215},{"text":"الدّاءِ (^١). وعن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2410>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُريدُ شِراءَ جاريَةٍ فيَنظُرُ إلَى ما لَيسَ مِنها بعَورَةٍ</span>\n\n١٠٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان إذا اشتَرَى جاريَةً، كَشَفَ عن ساقِها ووَضَعَ يَدَه بَينَ ثَديَيها وعَلَى عَجُزِها (^٣)، وكأنَّه كان يَضَعُها عَلَيها مِن وراءِ الثَّوبِ.\n\n١٠٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ الخَلَّالُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا بأسَ أنْ يُقَلِّبَ الرَّجُلُ الجاريَةَ إذا أرادَ أنْ يَشتَريَها، ويَنظُرَ إلَيها ما خَلا عَورَتَها، وعَورَتُها ما بَينَ ركبتِها إلَى مَعقِدِ إزارِها\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ قاضِى (^٥) حَلَبَ عن صالِحِ بنِ حَسّانَ.\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٢٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٩١).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٢٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٠٠، ١٣٢٠٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٩٨. وأخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٣٦٨، والطبرانى (١٠٧٧٣) من طريق يحيى بن صالح به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٥٣: وفيه صالح بن حسان وهو ضعيف وذكره ابن حبان في الثقات. وقد وهم الهيثمى في هذا؛ لأن صالحا هذا الذى يروى عن محمد بن كعب ذكره ابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٣٦٨، وقال ابن حبان في الثقات ٦/ ٤٥٦: صالح بن حسان يروى عن سعيد بن المسيب وأبى سلمة، وليس هذا بصالح بن حسان الأنصارى ذاك ضعيف.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٣٢٦٥).","vol":"11","page":216},{"text":"ورُوِّيناه في كِتابِ الصلاة مِن حَديثِ عيسَى بنِ مَيمونٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^١). والإسنادانِ جَميعًا ضَعيفانِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2411>بابُ الاستِبراءِ في البَيعِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ [بنِ الفَضلِ] (^٢)، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبى الوَدّاكِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ رَفَعَه، أنَّه قال في سَبايا أوطاسٍ (^٣): \"لا توطأُ حامِلٌ حَتّى تَضَعَ، ولا غَيرُ ذاتِ حَملٍ حَتّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٨٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ قال: سُئلَ عامِرٌ عن رَجُلٍ اشتَرَى جاريَةً: أيَقَعُ عَلَيها قَبلَ أنْ يَستَبرِئَ رَحِمَها؟ فقالَ: أصابَ المُسلِمونَ نِساءً (^٥) يَومَ أوطاسٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَمَسَّ رَجُلٌ امرأةً حُبلَى حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَملَها، ولا غَيرَ ذاتِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٢٦٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"الصفار\".\n(^٣) أوطاس: سهل يقع على طريق حاج العراق إذا أقبل من نجد قبل أن يصعد الحرة، فهى شمال شرقى مكة، وشمال بلدة عشيرة، وتبعد عن مكة قرابة (١٩٠) كيلا على طريق متعرجة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣٥.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٥ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٣٤١) عن عمرو بن عون به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (١٩٧٣) من طريق شريك به. وسيأتى في (١٥٦٨٤، ١٨٣٤٤).\n(^٥) في م: \"سبايا\".","vol":"11","page":217},{"text":"حَملٍ حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً\" (^١). وهَذا المُرسَلُ شاهِدٌ لما تَقَدَّمَ.\nورُوِّينا عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: تُستَبرأُ الأمَةُ إذا اشتُريَت بحَيضَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2412>بابُ المُرابَحَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ حَمّادٍ الشُّعَيثِىَّ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ كان يَشتَرِى العيرَ فيَقولُ: مَن يُربِحُنِى عُقُلَها؟ مَن يَضَعُ في يَدِى دينارًا (^٣)؟\n\n١٠٨٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبى بَحرٍ، عن شَيخٍ لَهُم قال: رأيتُ على علىٍّ إزارًا غَليظًا، قال: اشتَرَيتُ بخَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ، فمَن أربَحَنِى فيه دِرهَمًا بعتُه إيّاه (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن شُرَيحٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وإبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّهُم كانوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٢٩) من طريق أخرى عن عامر الشعبى به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٩٧)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٠٩) من طريق أبى قلابة. قال: كان عثمان. فذكره.\n(^٤) الزهد لأحمد بن حنبل ص ١٣٠، وفضائل الصحابة (٨٨٥).","vol":"11","page":218},{"text":"يُجيزونَ بَيعَ دَهْ دَوَازْده (^١).\n\n١٠٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ أبى زيادٍ أو يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يَنهَى عن بَيعِ دَه يازدَه، أو دَه دَوَازْدَه ويَقولُ: إنَّما هو بَيعُ الأعاجِمِ (^٢). وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما نَهَى عنه إذا قال: هو لَكَ بدَه يازدَه. أو قال: بدَه دَوَازْدَه. لَم يُسَمِّ رأسَ المالِ، ثمَّ سَمّاه عِندَ النَّقدِ، وكَذَلِكَ ما روِى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في ذَلِكَ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2413>بابُ التَّشديدِ على مَن كَذَبَ في ثَمَنِ ما يَبيعُ أو فيما طَلَبَ مِنه بهِ</span>\n\n١٠٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهم اللهُ ولا يُزَكّيهِم ولهم عَذابٌ أليمٌ؛ رَجُلٌ بايَعَ رَجُلًا سِلعَةً بَعدَ العَصرِ فحَلَفَ له باللهِ لأخَذَها بكَذا وكَذا. فصَدَّقَه فأَخَذَها وهو على غَيرِ ذَلِكَ، ورَجُلٌ بايَعَ إمامًا لا يُبايِعُه إلَّا لِلدُّنيا، فإِن أعطاه مِنها وفَى، وإِنْ لَم يُعطِه مِنها لَم\n_________\n(^١) ده: عشرة. دوازده: اثنا عشر. ينظر المعجم الذهبى ص ٢٧٩، ٢٨٤.\nينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٠٦، ١٥٠١٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٨٠ - ٢١٨٨٢، ٢١٨٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠١١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٧٧) من طريق سفيان به. وفيهما: يزيد بدون شك.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٠١٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٧٩) وفيهما: بيع ده دوازده ربا.","vol":"11","page":219},{"text":"يَفِ له، ورَجُلٌ على فضلِ ماءٍ بالفَلاةِ فيَمنَعُه مِنَ ابنِ السَّبيلِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٠٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا العَوّامُ، عن إبراهيمَ السَّكسَكِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى، أنَّ رَجُلًا أقامَ سِلعَةً له، فحَلَفَ باللهِ لَقَد أعطَى بها ما لَم يُعطِ بها، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧] الآيَةَ. قال: وقالَ ابنُ أبى أوفَى: النّاجِشُ آكِلُ رِبًا، الخائنُ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن العَوّامِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2414>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَبيعُ الشَّئَ إلَى أجَلٍ، ثُمَّ يَشتَريه بأقَلَّ</span>\n\n١٠٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا خَلَفُ بنُ محمدٍ الكَرابيسِىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٠٧، ٢٨٧٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأخرجه البخارى (٧٢١٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١١٩٦٦، ١٦٧١٤، ٢٠٧٣٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٨/ ١٧٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٣٤٤، ٢٢٣٤٥)، والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (٦١٦)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٣٧٢٢)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٧٨٦٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٨ من طريق العوام به. وقول ابن أبى أوفى عند ابن أبى شيبة وحده.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٧٥).","vol":"11","page":220},{"text":"الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: دَخَلَتِ امرأتِى على عائشةَ، وأُمُّ ولَدٍ لِزَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، فقالَت لها أُمُّ ولَدِ زَيدٍ: إنِّى بِعتُ مِن زَيدٍ عبدًا بثَمانِمائَةٍ نَسيئَةً واشتَرَيتُه مِنه بسِتِّمائَةٍ نَقدًا. فقالَت عائشَةُ: أبلِغِى زَيدًا أنْ قَد أبطَلْتَ جِهادَكَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا أنْ تَتوبَ، بئسَما شَرَيتِ، وبِئسَما اشتَرَيتِ (^١).\nكَذا جاءَ به شُعبَةُ على طَريقِ الإرسالِ.\n\n١٠٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن العاليَةِ قالَت: كُنتُ قاعِدَةً عِندَ عائشةَ فأتَتها أُمُّ مُحِبَّةَ فقالَت لها: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، أكُنتِ تَعرِفينَ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قالَت: فإِنِّى بعتُه جاريَةً لِى (^٢) إلَى عَطائِه بثَمانِمائَةٍ نَسيئَةً، وإِنَّه أرادَ أن يبيعَها (^٣) بسِتِّمائَةٍ نَقدًا. فقالَت لها: بئسَما اشتَرَيتِ وبِئسَما اشتَرَى، أبلِغِى زَيدًا أنَّه قَد بطَلَ (^٤) جهادُه مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إنْ لَم يَتُبْ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٤٥٣).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) في م: \"بيعها\".\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"أبطل\".\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٢٦) معلقًا عن أبى الأحوص به.","vol":"11","page":221},{"text":"١٠٩٠١ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن امرأتِه العاليَةِ، أنَّ امرأةَ أبى السَّفَرِ باعَت جاريَةً (^١) لها إلَى العَطاءِ مِن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ بثَمانِمائَةِ دِرهَمٍ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قالت (^٢): بئسَما شَرَيتِ وبِئسَما اشتَرَيتِ. وزادَ: قالَت: أرأيتِ إنْ لَم آخُذْ إلَّا رأسَ مالى؟ قالَت: ﴿فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٥].\nأخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رَواه يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ عن أُمِّه العاليَةِ بنتِ أيفَعَ قالَت: خَرَجْتُ أنا وأُمُّ مُحِبَّةَ إلَى مَكَّةَ، فدَخَلْنا على عائشةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد تكونُ عائشَةُ، لَو كان هذا ثابِتًا عَنها، عابَت عَلَيها بَيعًا إلَى العَطاءِ؛ لأنَّه أجَلٌ غَيرُ مَعلومٍ، وهَذا ما لا نُجيزُه، لا أنَّها عابَت عَلَيها ما اشتَرَت بنَقدٍ، وقَد باعَته إلَى أجلٍ، ولَوِ اختَلَفَ بَعضُ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في شَئٍ، فقالَ بَعضُهُم فيه شَيئًا، وقالَ غَيرُه خِلافَه،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: خادما\".\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨١٣) عن الثورى به. وفيه: عن امرأته. دون تسميتها.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٥٢ من طريق يونس به. وقال: أم محبة والعالية مجهولتان لا يحتج بهما.","vol":"11","page":222},{"text":"كان أصلُ ما نَذهَبُ إلَيه أنّا نأخُذُ بقَولِ الَّذِى مَعَه القياسُ، والَّذِى مَعَه القياسُ قَولُ زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ. قال: وجُملَةُ هذا أنّا لا نُثبِتُ مِثلَه على عائشةَ، مَعَ أنَّ زَيدَ ابنَ أرقَمَ لا يَبيعُ إلَّا ما يَراه حَلالًا، ولا يَبتاعُ إلَّا مِثلَه، ولَوأنَّ رَجُلًا باعَ شَيئًا أوِ ابتاعَه، نَراه نَحنُ مُحَرَّمًا، وهو يَراه حَلالًا لَم نَزعُمْ (^١) أنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يُحبِطُ به مِن عَمَلِه شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَسْتانىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا باعَ مِن رَجُلٍ سَرجًا، ولَم يَنقُدْ ثَمَنَه، فأرادَ صاحِبُ السَّرجِ الَّذِى اشتَراه أنْ يَبيعَه، فأرادَ الَّذِى باعَه أنْ يأخُذَه بدونِ ما باعَه مِنه، فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ فلَم يَرَ به بأسًا، وقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: فلَعَلَّه لَو باعَه مِن غَيرِه باعَه بذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ أو أنقَصَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٠٤ - وعن سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا باعَ بَعيرًا مِن رَجُلٍ فقالَ: اقبَلْ مِنِّى بَعيرَكَ وثَلاثينَ دِرهَمًا. فسألوا شُرَيحًا فلَم يَرَ بذَلِكَ بأسًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"تزعم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٩٠)، والشافعى ٣/ ٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٢٢) عن الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٦٧٧) من طريق ابن سيرين به.","vol":"11","page":223},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2415>بابُ اختِلافِ المتبايِعَيِن</span>\n\n١٠٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو يُعطَى النّاسُ بدَعواهُم لادَّعَى ناسٌ دِماءَ قَومٍ وأَموالَهم، ولَكِنَّ اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِذا تَبايَعَ رَجُلانِ عبدًا فقالَ البائعُ: بعتُكَه بألفٍ. وقالَ المُبتاعُ: بخَمسِمائَةٍ. فكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مُدَّعٍ ومُدَّعًى عَلَيه؛ البائعُ يَدَّعِى فضلَ الثَّمَنِ، والمُشتَرِى يَدَّعِى السِّلعَةَ بأقَلَّ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ، فيَتَحالَفانِ ويُبدأُ بيَمينِ البائعِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئ والحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عِصمَةَ قالوا: حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٣٧٠)، وفى المعرفة (٥٩٧٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى في (١١٥٥٧، ٢٠٧٤٩، ٢١٢٣٩، ٢١٢٤١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١١/ ١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥١٤، ٢٦٦٨). وهو أيضًا عنده من طريق ابن جريج مطولًا (٤٥٥٢). وفى الموضعين الأولين بلفظ: قضى أن اليمين على المدعى عليه.\n(^٤) الأم ٣/ ١٦٣.","vol":"11","page":224},{"text":"خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن أبى العُمَيسِ، أخبرَنِى [عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ] (^١) بنُ قَيسِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: اشتَرَى الأشعَثُ رَقيقًا مِن رَقيقِ الخُمُسِ مِن عبدِ اللهِ بعِشرينَ ألفًا، فأرسَلَ عبدُ اللهِ إلَيه في ثَمَنِهِم، فقالَ: إنَّما أخَذتُهُم بعَشَرَةِ آلافٍ، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: فاختَرْ رَجُلًا يَكونُ بَينِى وبَينَكَ. فقالَ الأشعَثُ: أنتَ بَينِى وبَينَ نَفسِكَ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا اختَلَفَ البائعانِ (^٢) ولَيسَ بَينَهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فهو ما يقولُ رَبُّ السِّلعَةِ أو يَتَتارَكا\" (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ (^٤). هذا إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ مَوصولٌ، وقَد روِى مِن أوجُهٍ بأسانيدَ مَراسيلَ إذا جُمِعَ بَينَها صارَ الحَديثُ بذَلِكَ قَويًّا:\n\n١٠٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٢) في م وحاشية الأصل: \"البيعان\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٢٩). والحاكم ٢/ ٤٥ وصححه. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٦٦٢) من طريق عمر بن حفص مقتصرًا على ذكر المرفوع بدون قصة وفيه عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الأشعث.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٥١١).","vol":"11","page":225},{"text":"ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا اختَلَفَ البائعانِ (^١) فالقَولُ ما قال البائعُ، والمُبتاعُ بالخيارِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ والأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ تَبايَعا ببَيعٍ، فاختَلَفا في الثَّمَنِ، فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: اجعَلْ بَينى وبَينَكَ مَن أحبَبتَ. فقالَ له الأشعَثُ: فإِنَّكَ بَينى وبَينَ نَفسِكَ. فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: إذن أقضِى بما سَمِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"إذا اختَلَفَ البائعُ والمُبتاعُ فالقَولُ ما قال البائعُ، والمُبتاعُ بالخيارِ\" (^٣). عَونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ لَم يُدرِكْ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ، وهو شاهِدٌ لِما تَقَدَّمَ.\nوقَد رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ في رِوايَةِ الزَّعفَرانىِّ والمُزَنىِّ عنه (^٤)، ثُمَّ قال الزَّعفَرانىُّ: قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنى الشّافِعِىَّ: هذا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"البيعان\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٢٩)، وفى مسنده (٣٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٤٤) عن يحيى به. والترمذى (١٢٧٠) من طريق سفيان به. وقال: مرسل؛ عون بن عبد الله لم يدرك ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشاشى (٩٠٠) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٤) السنن المأثورة (٢٤٤)، ومختصر المزنى ١/ ٨٦، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٩٢)، ثم ذكره عقبه عن الزعفرانى.","vol":"11","page":226},{"text":"حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ، لا أعلمُ أحَدًا يَصلُه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وقَد جاءَ مِن غَيرِ وجهٍ.\n\n١٠٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: قَرأتُ على أبى قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ إسماعيلَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أخبَرَه، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أنَّه قال: حَضَرتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وأتاه رَجُلانِ تَبايَعا سِلعَةً فقالَ هذا: أخَذتُ بكَذا وكَذا. وقالَ هذا: بعتُ بكَذا وكَذا. فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ: أُتى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ بمِثلِ هذا فقالَ: حَضَرتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُتِى في مِثلِ هذا، فأمَرَ البائعَ أنْ يُستَحلَفَ، ثُمَّ ليُخَيَّرِ المبتاعُ، فإِنْ شاءَ أخَذَ وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ (^١).\n\n١٠٩١٠ - زادَ فيه غَيرُه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال أحمدُ: أُخبِرتُ عن هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، قال أحمدُ: وقالَ حَجّاجٌ الأعوَرُ: عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُبَيدَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٩٣)، وأحمد (٤٤٤٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٩٤) وقال عقبه: هذا هو الصواب. والحاكم ٢/ ٤٨، وأحمد عقب (٤٤٤٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٦٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٣٤).","vol":"11","page":227},{"text":"١٠٩١١ - قال الشيخُ: ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن بَعضِ بَنِى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ [عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ] (^١)، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٢): \"إذا اختَلَفَ المُتَبايِعانِ ولَيسَ بَينَهُما شاهِدٌ استُحلِفَ البائعُ، ثُمَّ كان المُبتاعُ بالخيارِ؛ إنْ شاءَ أخَذَ وإِنْ شاءَ تَرَكَ\". أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٠٩١٢ - ورَواه سعيدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن أبيه بنَحوِه. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"البَيِّعانِ ولَيسَ بَينَهُما بَيِّنَةٌ\".\n\n١٠٩١٣ - ورَواه غَيرُه عن سعيدٍ حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ ابنِ عُبَيدَةَ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ الأنطاكِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ مَسلَمَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وهَذا الحَديثُ أيضًا مُرسَلٌ؛ أبو عُبَيدَةَ لَم يُدرِكْ أباه.\n\n١٠٩١٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانىُّ، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"أنه قال\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة معلقًا عقب (٣٤٩٤) عن يحيى بن سليم به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٨.","vol":"11","page":228},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَيسٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى المَسعودِىَّ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه (^١) باعَ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ رَقيقًا مِنَ الخُمُسِ بعِشرينَ ألفًا، فأرسَلَ إلَيه في أثمانِهِم يَتَقاضاه، فقالَ: إنَّما بعتَنِى بعَشَرَةِ آلافٍ. فإِمّا أنْ يَكونَ نَسِى الأشعَثُ أو استَغلَى البَيعَ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللهِ: إنَّما بعتُكَ بعِشرينَ ألفًا. قال: فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: اجعَلْ بَينِى وبَينَكَ رَجُلًا. فقالَ (^٢): أمَا إنِّى سأختارُ أنتَ بَينِى وبَينَ نَفسِكَ. فقالَ (^٢): أمَا إنِّى سأقضِى بَينِى وبَينَكَ بقَضاءٍ سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا اختَلَفَ البَيِّعانِ ولَيسَ بَينَهُما بَيِّنَةٌ فهو ما يقولُ رَبُّ السِّلعَةِ أو يَتَتارَكانِ\". فقالَ الأشعَثُ: فإِنِّى أُتارِكُكَ البَيعَ. فتارَكَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعنُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخَو القاسِمِ وأبانُ بنُ تَغلِبَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ (^٤).\nوقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبيه كما:\n\n١٠٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٠ من طريق أبى العميس به. والطيالسى (٣٩٩)، وأحمد (٤٤٤٥) من طريق المسعودى به. وأحمد (٤٤٤٣) من طريق القاسم، والقصة بتمامها عند الطيالسى وحده.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٤٦، ٤٤٤٧) من طريق معن به. وأبو يعلى (٥٤٠٥) من طريق أبان به.","vol":"11","page":229},{"text":"أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه قال: باعَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ مِنَ الأشعَثِ رَقيقًا مِن رَقيقِ الإمارَةِ (^١) فاختَلَفا في الثَّمَنِ، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: بِعْتُكَ (^٢) بعشرينَ ألفًا. وقالَ الأشعَثُ: اشتَرَيتُ مِنكَ بعَشَرَةِ آلافٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: إنْ شِئتَ حَدَّثتُكَ بحَديثٍ سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: هاتِ. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا اختَلَفَ البَيِّعانِ والبَيعُ قائمٌ بعَينِه ولَيسَ بَينَهُما بيِّنَةٌ، فالقَولُ ما قال البائعُ أو يَتَرادّانِ البَيعَ\". قال الأشعَثُ: أرَى أنْ يُرَدَّ البَيعُ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ. خالَفَ ابنُ أبى لَيلَى الجَماعَةَ في رِوايَةِ هذا الحَديثِ؛ في إسنادِه حَيثُ قال: عن أبيه. وفِى مَتنِه حَيثُ زادَ فيه: \"والبَيعُ قائمٌ بعَينِه\".\nورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبى لَيلَى وقالَ فيه: \"والسِّلعَةُ كما هِى بعَينِها\" (^٤). وإِسماعيلُ إذا رَوَى عن أهلِ الحِجازِ لَم يُحتَجَّ به (^٥)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى وإِن كان\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"الخمس\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"بعتكه\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"السلعة\".\nوالحديث عند الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢١. وأبى داود (٣٥١٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٨٦) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٧٢٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٠، ٢١ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته في (٤٢٢).","vol":"11","page":230},{"text":"في الفِقهِ كَبيرًا فهو ضَعيفٌ في الرِّوايَةِ لِسوءِ حِفظِه، وكَثرَةِ خَطَئه في الأسانيدِ والمُتونِ، ومُخالَفَتِه الحُفّاظَ فيها، واللهُ يَغفِرُ لَنا ولَه (^١). وقَد تابَعَه في هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ (^٢)، وهو مَتروكٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا تَبايَعَ الرَّجُلانِ بالبَيعِ، واختَلَفا (^٤) في الثَّمَنِ احتَلَفا (^٥) جَميعًا، فأيُّهُما نَكَلَ لَزِمَه القَضاءُ، فإِن (^٦) حَلَفا جَميعًا كان القَولُ ما قال البائعُ وخُيِّرَ المُبتاعُ؛ إنْ شاءَ أخَذَ بذَلِكَ الثَّمَنِ، وإِنْ شاءَ تَرَكَ.\nورُوِّينا عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: فإِن نَكَلا عن اليَمينِ تَرادّا البَيعَ (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2416>بابُ المَبيعِ يَتلَفُ في يَدِ البائعِ قَبلَ القَبضِ</span>\n\n١٠٩١٧ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٢٥٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٠ من طريق الحسن بن عمارة به، وقال: متروك.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"وأخلقا\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أخلفا\".\n(^٦) كتب فوقها في الأصل \"ح، ر\"، وفى الحاشية: \"ص: وإن\".\n(^٧) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٣١).","vol":"11","page":231},{"text":"أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الشَّيبانىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ أنَّه اشتَرَى مِن رَجُلٍ سِلعَةً، فنَقَدَه بَعضَ الثَّمَنِ وبَقِى بَعضٌ، فقالَ: ادفَعْها إلَىَّ. فأبَى البائعُ، فانطَلَقَ المُشتَرِى وتَعَجَّلَ له بَقيَّةَ الثَّمَنِ، فدَفَعَه إلَيه فقالَ: ادخُلْ واقبِضْ سِلعَتَكَ. فوَجَدَها مَيِّتَةً، فقالَ له: رُدَّ علىَّ مالِى. فأبَى، فاختَصَما إلَى شُرَيحٍ فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: رُدَّ على الرَّجُلِ مالَه، وارجِعْ إلَى جيفَتِكَ فادفِنْها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2417>بابُ كَراهيَةِ مُبايَعَةِ مَن أكثَرُ مالِه مِنَ الرِّبا أو ثَمَنِ المُحَرَّمِ</span>\n\n١٠٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولا واللهِ لا أسمَعُ أحَدًا بَعدَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ الحَلالَ بَيِّنٌ وإنَّ الحَرامَ بَيِّنٌ، وإنَّ بَينَ ذَلِكَ مُشتَبِهاتٍ -ورُبَّما قال: أُمورٌ مُشتَبِهَةٌ- وسأضرِبُ لكم في ذَلِكَ مَثَلًا؛ إنَّ اللهَ حَمَى حِمًى، وإنَّ حِمَى اللهِ ما حَرَّمَ، وإنَّه مَن يَرعَ حَولَ الحِمَى يوشِكْ أن يُخالِطَ الحِمى\" - قال: ورُبَّما قال: أوشَكَ أنْ يَرتَعَ -وإنَّه مَن يُخالِطِ الرّيبَةَ يوشِكُ أنْ يَجسُرَ\". قال: ولا أدرِى، أشَئٌ في هذا الحَديثِ أم شَئٌ قالَه الشَّعبِىُّ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٢٤٩٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٠٤) من طريق الشيبانى به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٢٩)، والنسائي (٤٤٦٥)، وابن حبان (٧٢١) من طريق ابن عون به. وتقدم في (١٠٤٩٨).","vol":"11","page":232},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضى (^١).\n\n١٠٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو فروَةَ الهَمْدانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"حَلالٌ بَيِّنٌ وحَرامٌ بَيِّنٌ، وشُبُهاتٌ بَينَ ذَلِكَ، فمَن تَرَكَ ما اشتَبَهَ عَلَيه مِنَ الإثمِ كان لما استَبانَ له أترَكَ، ومَنِ اجتَرأ على ما شَكَّ فيه أوشَكَ أنْ يواقِعَ الحَرامَ، وِإنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمًى، وحِمَى اللَّهِ في الأرضِ مَعاصيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى فروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّى لأنقَلِبُ إلَى أهلِى فأَجِدُ التَّمرَةَ ساقِطَةً على فِراشِى أو في بَيتِي، فأَرفَعُها لآكُلَها ثُمَّ أخشَى أنْ تَكونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فأُلقيها\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ هَمّامُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠٥١)، ومسلم (١٥٩٩).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الآداب (٦٢١)، وفى الشعب (٥٧٤٢)، والحميدى (٩١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٨٤) عن سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٠٤٩٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٥١)، ومسلم (١٥٩٩/ ...).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٧٤٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٩٤٤)، وعنه أحمد (٨٢٠٦).","vol":"11","page":233},{"text":"مُنَبِّهٍ (^١). ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابن رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى بُرَيدُ (^٣) بنُ أبى مَريَمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَوراءِ قال: قُلتُ لِلحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ: ما تَذكُرُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: كان يقولُ: \"دَعْ ما يَريبُكَ إلَى ما لا يَريبُكَ؟ فإنَّ الصِّدقَ طُمأنينَةٌ (^٤)، وإِنَّ الكذِبَ رِيبَةٌ\" (^٥).\n\n١٠٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَقيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِيِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ وعَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ السَّعدِىِّ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَبْلُغُ العَبدُ أن يَكونَ مِنَ المُتَقِّينَ حتى يَدَعَ ما لا بأْسَ به حَذَرًا لِما به بأسٌ (^٦) \" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٠٥٥). وأخرجه في (٢٤٣٢) موصولًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧٠/ ١٦٣).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"يزيد\". وتقدم في (٣١٨١ - ٣١٨٤، ٤٦٨٩، ٤٦٩٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"طمأنينة\".\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١٢٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٣)، والترمذى (٢٥١٨)، والنسائي (٥٧٢٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٨)، وابن حبان (٧٢٢) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) في ص ٥، م: \"البأس\".\n(^٧) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٧٤٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٥١)، وابن ماجة (٤٢١) من طريق أبى النضر به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلَّا من هذا الوجه.","vol":"11","page":234},{"text":"١٠٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه، عن الأعرابِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَخطُبُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ عَلِّمْنِى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: وكانَ في آخِرِ ما حَفِظتُ أنْ قال: \"إنَّكَ لَن تَدَعَ شَيئًا اتِّقاءَ اللَّهِ إلَّا أبدَلَكَ اللَّهُ به ما هو خَيرٌ مِنه\" (^١).\n\n١٠٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، عن أبى حَمزَةَ عِمرانَ بنِ أبى عَطاءٍ قال (^٢): قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنَّ أبى جَلَّابُ الغَنَمِ، وإِنَّه يُشارِكُ اليَهودِىَّ والنَّصرانِيَّ. قال: لا نُشارِكُ (^٣) يَهوديًّا ولا نَصرانيًّا ولا مَجوسيًّا. قُلتُ: ولِمَ؟ قال: لأنَّهُم يُربونَ، والرِّبا لا يَحِلُّ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِى عن (^٥) عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن (^٥) مُزاحِمِ بنِ زُفَرَ، عن رَبيعِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٣٩)، والنسائي في الرقائق في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١١/ ١٩٩، من طريق حميد بن هلال، عن أبى قتادة وأبى الدهماء عن البدوى. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١٠/ ٢٩٦: رواه كله أحمد بأسانيد ورجالها رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"يشارك\". ا. هـ وكذا في المهذب ٤/ ٢١٠٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٢٢٩) عن هشيم به.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"من\". وفى الحاشية: بخطه \"عن\".","vol":"11","page":235},{"text":"سَمِعَ رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ: إنَّ لِى جارًا يأكُلُ الرِّبا. أو قال: خَبيثَ الكَسبِ، ورُبَّما دَعانِى لِطَعامِه، أفأُجيبُه؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\n\n١٠٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسعَرٌ، عن جَوَّابٍ التَّيمِيِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سوَيدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ، فقالَ: إنَّ لِي جارًا، ولا أعلمُ له شَيئًا إلَّا خَبيثًا أو حَرامًا، وإِنَّه يَدعونِي، فأُحرَجُ أنْ آتيَه وأتَحَرَّجُ ألا آتيَه. فقالَ: ائتِه أوأجِبْه؛ فإِنَّما وِزرُه عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: جَوّابٌ التَّيمِيُّ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٣)، وهَذا إذا لَم يَعلَمْ أن الَّذِى قُدِّمَ إلَيه حَرامٌ، فإِذا عَلِمَ حَرامًا لَم يأكُلْه كما لَم يأكُلْ رسول اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الشَّاةِ التى قُدِّمَت إلَيهِ:\n\n١٠٩٢٧ - فيما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ إدريسَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمُ ابنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في جِنازَةٍ، فرأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو على القَبرِ يُوصِى الحافِرَ: \"أوسِعْ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٧٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٧٩٨). وأخرجه على بن محمد الحميرى في جزئه (١٣) من طريق مسعر به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٧٥، ١٤٦٧٦) من طريق آخر عن ابن مسعود بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٣) هو جواب بن عبيد الله التيمى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٤٦، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٥٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٥٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٣٥: صدوق رمى بالإرجاء.","vol":"11","page":236},{"text":"قِبَلِ رِجلَيه، أوسِعْ مِن قِبَلِ رأسِه\". فلَمّا رَجَعَ استَقبَلَه داعِى امرأةٍ، فجاءَ وجِئَ بالطَّعامِ، فوَضَعَ يَدَه (^١) ثُمَّ وضَعَ القَومُ فأكَلوا، فنَظَرَ (^٢) آباؤُنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلوكُ لُقمَةً في فمِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أجِدُ لَحمَ شاة أُخِذَت بغَيرِ إذنِ أهلِها\". فأرسَلَتِ المَرأةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى أرسَلتُ إلَى البَقيعِ (^٣) تُشتَرَى (^٤) لِى شاةٌ، فلَم توجَدْ، فأرسَلتُ إلَى جارٍ لِى (^٥) قَدِ اشتَرَى شاةً. أنْ أرسِلْ بها إلَيَّ بثَمَنِها، فلَم يُوجَدْ، فأرسَلتُ إلَى امرأتِه، فأرسَلَت إلَيَّ بها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أطعِميه الأُسارَى\" (^٦).\n\n١٠٩٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزّاهِدُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَزينٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ محمدٍ المَدَنِيِّ، عن شُرَحبيلَ مَولَى الأنصارِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قال: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى سَرِقَةً وهو يَعلَمُ أنَّها سَرِقَةٌ، فقَد\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه: \"رسول الله\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: بخطه \"فقطن\".\n(^٣) في م: \"النقيع\". وفى عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٤٩: (إلى البقيع) بالموحدة، وفى بعض النسخ بالنون، ولفظ المشكاة: إلى النقيع، وهو موضع يباع فيه الغنم. قال القارى: النقيع بالنون، والتفسير مدرج من بعض الرواة. قال الخطابى: أخطأ من قال بالموحدة. ا هـ. ورواية أحمد وفى المهذب ٤/ ٢١٠١ بالباء.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"يشترى\".\n(^٥) ليس في: م.\n(^٦) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣١٠، وأبو داود (٣٣٣٢) وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٠٩) من طريق عاصم به. وصححه الألباني في صحح أبى داود (٢٨٥٠).","vol":"11","page":237},{"text":"شرِكَ (^١) في عارِها وِإثمِها\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٢٩ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن مُصعَبِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ سَرِقَةً وهو يَعلَمُ أنَّها سَرِقَةٌ، فقَد أشرَكَ في عارِها وإِثْمِها\". أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2418>بابُ الشَّرطِ الَّذِى يُفسِدُ البَيعَ</span>\n\n١٠٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ الكوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما كان مِن شَرط لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ فهو باطِلٌ، وِإنْ كان مائَةَ شَرطٍ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن وكيعٍ (^٥)، وأخرَجاه\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"أشرك\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٥. وأخرجه إسحاق (٤١٣) عن يحيى به. وأبو مسهر في نسخته (٢٦) من طريق مسلم بن خالد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٣٧٣)، وإسحاق (٤١٢)، من طريق سفيان به. وقال الدارقطنى في العلل ١١/ ٣٢، ٣٣: والمرسل أشبه بالصواب.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧١٧)، وابن ماجة (٢٥٢١) من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتى في (١٠٩٤٨)، وسيأتى في (١٣٨٧٠، ٢١٧٥١).\n(^٥) مسلم (٨/ ١٥٠٤).","vol":"11","page":238},{"text":"مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٣١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مِنهالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن سَلَفٍ وبَيعٍ (^٢)، وعن شَرطَينِ في بَيعٍ، وعن بَيعِ ما لَيَسَ عِندَكَ، وعن رِبحِ ما لَم يَضمَنْ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ اشتَرَى جاريَةً مِنِ امرأتِه زَينَبَ الثَّقَفيَّةِ، واشتَرَطَت عَلَيه: إنَّك إنْ بعتَها فهِى لِي بالثَّمَنِ الَّذِى تَبيعُها به. فاستَفتَى في ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: لا تَقرَبْها وفيها شَرطٌ لأحَدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٣٣ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ: حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: لا يَطأُ الرَّجُلُ وليدَةً إلَّا وليدَةً إنْ شاءَ باعَها، وإِنْ شاءَ وهَبَها، وإِنْ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٦٨، ٢٥٦٣، ٢٧٢٩)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٩).\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥: \"وعن بيع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٢٥) من طريق يزيد به. وليس فيه: وعن ربح ما لَمْ يضمن. وتقدم في (١٠٥١٧، ١٠٧٨٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٩٧).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٩/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦١٦، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٤/ ٣١٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٩١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٥٧) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"11","page":239},{"text":"شاءَ صَنَعَ بها ما شاءَ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يَحِل للرَّجُلِ أنْ يَطأَ فرجًا إلَّا فرجًا إنْ شاءَ وهَبَه، وإِنْ شاءَ باعَه، وإِنْ شاءَ أعتَقَه، لَيسَ فيه شَرطٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2419>بابُ مَن باعَ حَيَوانًا أو غَيرَه واستَثْنَى مَنافِعَه مُدَّةً</span>\n\n١٠٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ بَحرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النُعمانِ عارِمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدِ بنِ ميناءَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ والمُخابَرَةِ والمُعاوَمَةِ، وقالَ الآخَرُ: عن بَيعِ السِّنينِ وعن الثُّنيا، ورَخَّصَ في العَرايا (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ الحَنظَلِيُّ وتَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، قالا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٩/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦١٦، وسيأتى في (١٣٩٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٥٢) عن ابن نمير به مختصرًا بلفظ: لا يطأ. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٧، وفى شرح المشكل ١١/ ٢٢٨، ٢٢٩ من طريق عبيد الله به. وليس فيهما: وإن شاء أعتق، وسيأتى في (١٣٩٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٥٩٨) من طريق عارم به. وتقدم في (١٠٧١٧، ١٠٧١٨).","vol":"11","page":240},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: لما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ [بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٢) الحُرْفِيُّ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِ الحَربيَّةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الكوفِيُّ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ أبى ضِرارٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أعطَى امرأَةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ جاريَةً مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فباعَتها مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بألفِ دِرهَمٍ، واشتَرَطَت عَلَيه خِدمَتَها، فبَلَغَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فقالَ له: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، اشتَرَيتَ جاريَةَ امرأتِكَ فاشتَرَطَت عَلَيكَ خِدمَتَها؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقالَ: لا تَشتَرِها وفيها مَثنَويَّةٌ.\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن خالِدِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ: لا تَقَعَنَّ عَلَيها ولأحَدٍ فيها شَرطٌ (^٣).\nورَواه القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مُرسَلًا، قال: فقالَ: إنَّه لَيسَ مِن مالِكَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٥).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ٢٣٦، وفى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٧. من طريق خالد بن سلمة عن محمد بن عمرو عن زينب امرأة ابن مسعود، وفى شرح المشكل: لا تشتريها. وفى شرح المعانى: لا يقربنها.","vol":"11","page":241},{"text":"ما كان فيه مَثنَويَّةٌ لِغَيرِكَ (^١).\nورُوِّينَا عن عائشةَ أنَّها كَرِهَتِ الشَّرطَ في الخادِمِ؛ أنْ يُباعَ أو يوهَبَ بشَرطٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٣٨ - وأمَّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الله كان يَسيرُ على جَمَلٍ له قَد أَعيَا، فأرادَ أنْ يُسَيِّبَه، قال: فلَحِقَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فضَرَبَه ودَعا له، فسارَ سَيرًا لَم يَسِرْ مِثلَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"بِعنِيه بِوَقيَّةٍ\". قُلتُ: لا. ثُمَّ قال: \"بِعنِيهِ بوَقيَّةٍ\". قال: فبِعتُه فاستَثنَيتُ حُملانَه إلَى أهلِي، فلَمَّا قَدِمنا أتَيتُه بالجَمَلِ، فنَقَدَنِي ثَمَنَه، ثُمَّ انصَرَفتُ، فأرسَلَ على إثرِى: \"إنِّى ما ماكَستُكَ لآخُذَ جَمَلَكَ، خُذْ جَمَلَكَ ودَراهِمَكَ فهُما لَكَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ عن زَكَريَّا (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٣٩ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ شُعبَةُ: عن مُغيرَةَ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٤٨) من طريق القاسم به. وفيه: ثوبة. بدلًا من: مثنوية.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٩٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩٦) عن أبى نعيم به. وأبو داود (٣٥٠٥)، والترمذى (١٢٥٣) مختصرًا، والنسائي (٤٦٥١)، وابن حبان (٦٥١٩) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧١٨)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١٠٩).","vol":"11","page":242},{"text":"عن جابِرٍ: أفقَرَنِى رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ظَهرَه (^١) إلَى المَدينَةِ (^٢). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ محمدِ بنِ السَّكَنِ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ أبو غَسّانَ العَنبَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٤٠ - قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ إسحاقُ: عن جَريرٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ: فبِعتُه على أنَّ لِي فِقارَ ظَهرِه حَتَّى أبلُغَ المَدينَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٠٩٤١ - قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ عَطاءٌ عن جابِرٍ: \"ولَكَ ظَهرُه إلَى المَدينَةِ\" (^٦). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أفقرنى ظهره: أعارنى دابته للركوب، مأخوذ من فِقار الظهر. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"السكرى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٥١٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٢٢)، والبخارى (٢٤٠٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٥٢) من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٢٧١٨، ٢٩٦٧)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١١٠) عن إسحاق به.\n(^٦) البخاري عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٧) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٥٠٦)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٢٧٦)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١١٧). وأخرجه البخاري (٢٣٠٦) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.","vol":"11","page":243},{"text":"١٠٩٤٢ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ: وشَرَطَ ظَهرَه إلَى المَدينَةِ (^١). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَميمُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ (^٢) القَوَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا المُنكَدِرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٠٩٤٣ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ (^٣) زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ عن جابِرٍ: \"ولَكَ ظَهرُه حَتَّى تَرجِعَ\" (^٤). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٠٩٤٤ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ: \"أفقَرنَاكَ ظَهرَه إلَى المَدينَةِ\" (^٥). أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n\n١٠٩٤٥ - قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ الأَعْمَشُ: عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٢) سقط من: م، وفى ص ٥: \"بن أبى\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٦) سيأتى في (١٠٩٤٦).","vol":"11","page":244},{"text":"جابِرٍ: \"تَبَلَّغْ عَلَيه إلَى أهلِكَ\" (^١). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَد أخرَجَ مسلمٌ حَديثَ عَطاءٍ وسَالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ عن جابِرٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٣)، وأخرجَ حَديثَ أبى الزُّبَيرِ كما:\n\n١٠٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أتَى على النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وقَد أعيا بَعيرِى. قال: فنَخَسَه، فوَثَبَ، فكُنتُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ أحبِسُ خِطامَه فما أقدِرُ عَلَيه، فلَحِقَنِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"بِعنِيه\". فبِعتُه مِنه بخَمسِ أواقٍ، وقُلتُ: على أنَّ لِى ظَهرَه إلَى المَدينَةِ. قال: \"ولَكَ ظَهرُه إلَى المَدينَةِ\". فلما قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ أتَيتُه به (^٤)، فزادَنِى وَقيَّةً ثُمَّ وهَبَه لِى (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى عقب (٢٧١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٧٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٥٣)، وابن حبان (٦٥١٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١١٠٤٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٧١٥/ ١١١).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بها\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٥٢. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٨٣٨) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به. وعبد بن حميد (١٠٦٧ - منتخب) من طريق حماد به. والنسائي (٤٦٥٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٧١٥/ ١١٣).","vol":"11","page":245},{"text":"وبَعضُ هذه الألفاظِ تَدُل على أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان شَرطًا في البَيعِ، وبَعضُها يَدُلُّ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان مِنه - ﷺ - تَفَضُّلًا وتكرُّمًا ومَعروفًا بعدَ البَيعِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2420>بابُ مَنِ اشتَرَى مَملوكًا ليُعتِقَه</span>\n\n١٠٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نَصرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ والقَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عائشةَ أرادَت أنْ تَشتَرِى وليدَةً فتُعتِقَها، فقالَ أهلُها: نَبيعُكِ على أنَّ ولاءَها لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نَصرٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عائشةَ أنَّها أرادَت أنْ تَشتَرِى جاريَةً فتُعتِقَها. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٩٣٠) عن أبى نصر. ومالك ٢/ ٧٨١ ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٢٩). وسيأتى في (١٢٥١٢، ٢١٤٩٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٥٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٥).","vol":"11","page":246},{"text":"عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ قالَت: دَخَلَت بَريرَةُ فقالَت: إنَّ أهلِى كاتَبونِى على تِسعِ أواقٍ في تِسعِ سِنينَ؛ كُلَّ سنةٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ، فأعينينِى. فقُلتُ لها: إن شاءَ أهلُكِ أن أعُدَّها لَهُم عَدَّةً واحِدَةً وأُعتِقَكِ ويَكونَ الوَلاءُ لِي، فعَلتُ. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لأهلِها، فأبَوا إلَّا أنْ يَكونَ الوَلاءُ لَهُم، فأتَتنِى فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ، فانتَهَرْتُها، فقالَت: [لا هَا اللَّهِ إذًا] (^١). قالَت: فسَمِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأخبَرْتُه فقالَ: \"اشتَريها وأَعتِقِيها، واشتَرِطِى لهم الوَلاءَ؛ فإِنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ\". ففَعَلْتُ. قالَت: ثُمَّ خَطَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَشيَّةً، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه بما هو أهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فما بالُ أقوامٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت في كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، ما كان مِن شَرطٍ لَيسَ في كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فهو باطِلٌ، وِإن كان مِائَةَ شَرطٍ، كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ، وشَرطُ اللهِ أوثَقُ، ما بالُ رِجالٍ مِنكُم يقولُ أحَدُهُم: أعتِقْ فُلانًا والوَلاءُ لِى. إنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2421>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) معناه: لا والله لا يكون ذا. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٣٧، وفتح البارى ٨/ ٣٧.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ١٥/ ٧٨ عن أبى أسامة به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٨٦)، وأبو داود (٣٩٣٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٥٢١) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى في (١٣٨٧٠، ٢١٤٧٧، ٢١٧٥١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٦٣)، ومسلم (٨/ ١٥٠٤).","vol":"11","page":247},{"text":"أخبرَنا مالك وغَيرُه عن أبى حازِمٍ أخبَرَه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِّيناه مَوصولًا مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ، ومِن حَديثِ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٠٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبى الزَّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ قال: حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^٣). حَديثُ أبى هريرةَ أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتام، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا [جَهضَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ اليَمامِيُّ] (^٥)، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ العَبدِيَّ، عن شَهرِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٦٤. وأخرجه سحنون في المندونة ٤/ ٢٠٦ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٧٠٩، ١٠٥١٥، ١٠٥١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٥٩٤٩) من طريق قبيصة به. وتقدم في (١٠٧٠٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥١٣). وتقدم في (١٠٥١٥، ١٠٥١٦).\n(^٥) في م: \"جهم بن عبد الله اليمانى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٥٦.","vol":"11","page":248},{"text":"ابنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ ما في بُطونِ الأنعامِ حَتَّى تَضَعَ، وعَمَّا في ضُروعِها إلَّا بكَيلٍ، وعن شِراءِ الغَنائمِ حَتَّى تُقسَمَ، وعن شِراءِ الصَّدَقاتِ حَتَّى تُقبَضَ، وعن شِراءِ العَبدِ وهو آبِقٌ، وعن ضَربَةِ الغائصِ (^١).\nوهَذِه المَناهِى وإِن كانَت في هذا الحَديثِ بإِسنادٍ غَيرِ قَوِيٍّ فهِى داخِلَةٌ في بَيعِ الغَرَرِ الَّذِى نُهِى عنه في الحَديثِ الثابِتِ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٠٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن كُلّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ، وعن قَتلِ الوِلدانِ، وعن شِراءِ المَغنَمِ حَتَّى يُقسَمَ (^٢).\nوروِى أيضًا عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ في المَغانِمِ:\n\n١٠٩٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السَّوسِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ضربة الغائص: هو أن يقول الغواص للتاجر: أغوص غوصة فما أخرجته فهو لك بكذا. النهاية ٣/ ٧٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٧٧)، والترمذى (١٥٦٣)، وابن ماجة (٢١٩٦) من طريق جهضم به. وقال الترمذى: غريب.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠ وصححه. وأخرجه البزار (٤٩٣٦) من طريق عبيد الله به ولم يذكر قتل الولدان. وأحمد (٣٠٠٢)، وأبو يعلى (٢٤٩١)، والطبرانى (١١٠٦٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وعند أحمد مقتصرًا على ذكر كلّ ذى ناب من السباع. وسيأتى في (١٨٣٥٠).","vol":"11","page":249},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ العَلَّافُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن بَيعِ المَغانِمِ قَبلَ تُقسمُ (^١).\nتابَعَه المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وغَيرُه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢). [وروِى أيضًا عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ في المَغانِمِ] (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2422>بابُ النَّهي عن عَسْبِ الفَحلِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٠٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدِّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن عَسْبِ الفَحلِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أن تقسم\". وحذف \"أن\" في مثل هذا لغة فاشية في الحجاز. قال ابن الأثير: وأكثر ما رأيتها واردة في كلام الشافعي. النهاية ٢/ ٢٨٧. والحديث أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٥٩) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٤١٤)، والطبرانى (١١١٤٦) من طريق المغيرة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٦٥٩).\n(^٣) كذا جاءت هذه الجملة في النسخ، وهي تكرار لما سبق قبل هذا الحديث.\n(^٤) عَسْب الفحل: ماؤه؛ فرسا كان أو بعيرا أو غيرهما، وعَسْبُه أيضًا: ضرابه: أى: نزوه على الأنثى. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٧٩، ٢٣٤.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٩٣٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٢٩)، وابن حبان (٥١٥٦) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٤٦٣٠)، والترمذى (١٢٧٣)، والنسائي (٤٦٨٥) من طريق إسماعيل ابن إبراهيم به.","vol":"11","page":250},{"text":"مُسَدِّدٍ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ ضِرابِ الجَمَلِ (^٢)، وعن بَيعِ الماءِ والأرضِ لِتُحرَثَ، فعَن ذَلِكَ نَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ كامِلٍ الزّاهِدُ البخارىُّ (^٥) قَدِمَ عَلَينا حاجًّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يَزدادَ الرّازِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ ماهانَ الأُبُلِّىُّ (^٦)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الرُّؤَاسِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٢٨٤).\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الفحل\".\n(^٣) خرجه النسائي (٤٦٨٤) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. وسيأتى في (١١١٦٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٥/ ١٥٦٥).\n(^٥) على بن أحمد بن محمد بن سليمان بن كامل أبو الحسن الكرابيسى البخاري الغنجاري، أخو أبى عبد الله الحافظ الغنجاري، صالح، قدم نيسابور حاجا في سنة (٤١٤ هـ)، حدث عن أبى عبد الله محمد بن موسى بن على الرازى الضرير وأبى بكر أحمد بن سعد بن نصر بن بكار البخاري، وحج ورجع إلى وطنه وتوفى. المنتخب من السياق (١٢٥١).\n(^٦) في ص ٥، م: \"الأيلي\".","vol":"11","page":251},{"text":"التَّيمِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى كِلابٍ سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن عَسْبِ الفَحلِ، فنَهاه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنا نُطرِقُ ونُكْرَمُ. فرَخَّصَ في الكَرامَةِ (^١).\nرَواه أبو عيسَى. عن عبدَةَ (^٢). وتابَعَه إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ.\n\n١٠٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الزَّيَّاتُ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ أبى كُلَيبٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نُعمٍ البَجَلِيِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: نُهِى عن عَسْبِ الفَحلِ. زادَ عُبَيدُ اللهِ: وعن قَفيزِ الطَّحانِ (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن سُفيانَ كما رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ، وقالَ: نُهِى (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن وكيعٍ: نُهى عن عَسْبِ الفَحلِ (^٥).\nورَواه عَطاءُ بنُ السَّائبِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى نُعمٍ قال: نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسانى (٤٦٨٦) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٥٧).\n(^٢) الترمذي (١٢٧٤)، وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) قفيز الطحان: أن يستأجر رجلًا ليطحن له حنطة معلومة بقفيز من دقيقها. النهاية ٤/ ١٣٨. والحديث عند الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٧. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٦٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. ولفظه: نهى رسول الله. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى كما في تحفة الأشراف (٤١٣٥)، وأبو يعلى (١٠٢٤)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٨٧١٢)، من طريق ابن المبارك به. وليس عند النسائي: قفيز الطحان. وعند أبى يعلى: عسب الفرس.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٩٦٥) عن وكيع به.","vol":"11","page":252},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2423>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ وبَيعِ ما لا تَملِكُ</span>\n\n١٠٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: نَهانِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنْ أبيعَ ما لَيسَ عِندِى. وفِى رِوايَةِ حَمّادٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال له: \"لا تَبعْ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أرسَلَ عَتَّابَ بنَ أَسِيدٍ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ: \"أنْ أبلِغْهُم عَنِّى أربَعَ خِصالٍ، إنَّه لا يَصلُحُ شَرطانِ في بَيع، ولا بَيعٌ وسَلَفٌ، ولا بَيعُ ما لَم يَملِكْ، ولا رِبحُ ما لَم يُضمَنْ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسدد - كما في الإتحاف (٣٨٢٠) - من طريق عطاء.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٥١٩).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٤٦٠). وتقدم في (١٠٧٨٤، ١٠٩٣١).","vol":"11","page":253},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2424>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن بَيعِ الصُّوفِ على ظَهرِ الغَنَمِ، واللَّبَنِ في ضُروعِ الغَنَمِ، والسَّمنِ في اللَّبَنِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ فرّوخَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنْ تُباعَ الثَّمَرَةُ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُها، أو يُباعَ صوفٌ على ظَهرٍ، أو سَمنٌ في لَبَنٍ، أو لَبَنٌ في ضَرعٍ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ برَفعِه عُمَرُ بنُ فرُّوخَ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)، وقَد أرسَلَه عنه وكيعٌ (^٣)، ورَواه غَيرُه مَوقوفًا.\n\n١٠٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُبَشَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يُشتَرَى اللَّبَنُ في ضُروعِها، ولا الصُّوفُ على ظُهورِها (^٤). هذا هو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤ من طريق يعقوب بن إسحاق به. والطبرانى (١١٩٣٥)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٢٠، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤ من طريق عمر بن فروخ به.\n(^٢) هو عمر بن فروخ العبدى أبو حفص البصرى القتاب. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٨٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٢٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٤٤٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٧٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٦١: صدوق ربما يهم.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٢٥)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٥ عن وكيع به. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٨٣) من طريق عمر بن فروخ عن عكرمة مرسلًا.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٧٤) عن الثورى به. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢١٩) =","vol":"11","page":254},{"text":"المحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ روِى عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2425>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن بَيعِ السَّمَكِ في الماءِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبى قال: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ السَّمّاكِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَا تَشتَرُوا السَّمَكَ في الماءِ، فإِنَّه غَرَرٌ\" (^٣). هَكَذا روِى مَرفوعًا، وفيه إرسالٌ بَينَ المسَيَّبِ وابنِ مَسعودٍ. والصَّحيحُ ما رَواه هُشَيمٌ عن يَزيدَ مَوقوفًا على عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن يَزيدَ مَوقوفًا على عبدِ اللهِ، الله كَرِهَ بَيعَ السَّمَكِ في الماءِ (^٥).\n_________\n= من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٨٢) من طريق زهبر بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعى ٣/ ١٠٨ من طريق سليمان بن يسار به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥١٠) عن عليّ بن أحمد بن عبدان به. وأحمد (٣٦٧٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٤٩١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٣٦١)، والطبرانى (٩٦٠٧) من طريق يزيد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٨٠: رواه أحمد موقوفًا ومرفوعًا، والطبرانى في الكبير كذلك، ورجال الموقوف رجال =","vol":"11","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2426>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ حَبَلِ الحَبَلَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعِ حَبَلِ الحَبَلَةِ وكانَ بَيعًا يَتَبايَعُه أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ؛ كان يَبتاعُ الجَزورَ إلَى أنْ تُنتَجَ النّاقَةُ وتُنتَجَ التى في بَطنِها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بَرَهُويَه النُّعمانِيُّ بنُعمانيَّةَ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ حَبَلِ الحَبَلَةِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى\n_________\n= الصحيح، وفى رجال المرفوع شيخ أحمد: محمد بن السماك، ولم أجد من ترجمه وبقيتهم ثقات. كذا قال، ومحمد بن السماك مترجم في لسان الميزان ٥/ ٢٠٤ وذكر روايته لحديث أحمد هذا.\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٥٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣٠٧)، والنسائي (٤٦٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٩٤٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٨٠) عن القعنبى به. والترمذى (١٢٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٢١٩) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢١٤٣).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"ثنا أبو النضر\".\n(^٤) النعمانية: بلد بين واسط وبغداد في نصف الطريق على ضفة دجلة معدودة في أعمال الزاب الأعلى، وهى قصبة، وأهلها شيعة غالية. التاج ٥١٨/ ٣٣ (ن ع م).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٣٨) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"11","page":256},{"text":"ابنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ والحَديثُ لأبِى المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَبتاعون الجَزورَ إلَى حَبَلِ الحَبَلَةِ. وحَبَلُ الحَبَلَةِ أنْ تُنتَجَ النَّاقَةُ ما في بَطنِها، ثُمَّ تَحمِلَ التى نُتِجَت (^٢)، فنَهاهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: يَبيعونَ لَحمَ الجَزورِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٠٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا رِبا في الحَيَوانِ، وإِنَّما نُهِى مِنَ الحَيَوانِ عن ثَلاثٍ؛ عن المَضامينِ والمَلاقيحِ وحَبَلِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥/ ١٥١٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"تنتج\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٤٠)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٣٨١) - مختصرًا - عن يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٥٥٥٨) عن محمد بن المثنى به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٨٤٣)، مسلم (١٥١٤/ ٥).","vol":"11","page":257},{"text":"الحَبَلَةِ. والمَضامينُ ما في بُطونِ إناثِ الإبِلِ، والمَلاقيحُ ما في ظُهورِ الجِمالِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفى رِوايَةِ المُزَنِيِّ عن الشَّافِعِيِّ أنَّه قال: المَضامينُ ما في ظُهورِ الجِمالِ، والمَلاقيحُ ما في بُطونِ إناثِ الإبِلِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ فسَّرَه أبو عُبَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٦٩ - وأما الَّذِى روِى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن المَجْرِ، فأخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أيو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ (^٤). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو زَيدٍ: المَجْرُ أنْ يُباعَ البَعيرُ أو غَيرُه بما في بَطنِ النَّاقَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الحَديثُ بهَذا اللَّفظِ تَفَرَّدَ به موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، قال يَحيَى ابنُ مَعينٍ: فأُنكِرَ على موسَى هذا، وكانَ مِن أسبابِ تَضعيفِه.\nأخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ السُّكَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٩/ ١٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٥٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١٣٧) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ١١٨.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٠٧، ٢٠٨.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٠٦. وأخرجه البزار (١٢٨٠ - كشف)، وأبو الفضل الزهرى (٥٧٧)، من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٤٤٠) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.","vol":"11","page":258},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسَّانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه سَمِعَه يَنهَى عن بَيعِ المجرِ، فعادَ الحَديثُ إلَى رِوايَةِ نافِعٍ، وكأنَّ ابنَ إسحاقَ أدّاه على المَعنَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2427>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، وعن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ عَنهُما، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣). وأخرَجاه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن أبى هريرةَ هَكَذا، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى خيثمة في تاريخه (٣٤٥٢) عن يحيى به، ولفظه عنده: إنما ضعف حديث موسى بن عبيدة الربذى؛ لأنه يروى عن عبد الله بن دينار أحاديث مناكير.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥١٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٠، ومالك ٢/ ٦٦٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٩٣٥، ١٠٨٤٦)، والنسائي (٤٥٢١). وتقدم في (٥٩٨٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٤٦)، ومسلم (١/ ١٥١١) بالإسناد الثانى.","vol":"11","page":259},{"text":"أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، [عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عَطاءِ بنِ ميناءَ] (^٢)، أنَّه سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه نُهِى عن بَيعَتَينِ؛ المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ؛ أمّا المُلامَسَةُ: فأنْ يَلمَسَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ثَوبَ صاحِبِه بغَيرِ تأمُّلٍ. والمُنابَذَةُ: أنْ يَنبِذَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ثَوبَه إلَى الآخَرِ، ولَم يَنظُرْ واحِدٌ مِنهُما إلَى ثَوبِ صاحِبِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيى، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عامِرُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لِبسَتَينِ وبَيعَتَينِ؛ نَهَى عن المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ في البَيعِ؛ والمُلامَسَةُ: لمسُ الرَّجُلِ ثَوبَ الآخَرِ بيَدِه باللَّيلِ أوِ النَّهارِ لا يُقْلِّبُه إلَّا ذَلِكَ. والمُنابَذَةُ: أنْ يَنبِذَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ ثَوبَه\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨١٩)، ومسلم (١٥١١/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والمهذب ٤/ ٢١٠٨، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عن عطاء بن ميناء. وهو الصواب\" ا هـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١١٩.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٤٩٩١). وأخرجه البخاري (١٩٩٣) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. وليس فيه تفسير الملامسة والمنابذة.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢/ ١٥١١).","vol":"11","page":260},{"text":"ويَنبِذَ الآخَرُ ثَوبَه، ويَكونَ ذَلِكَ بَيعَهُما عن غَيرِ نَظَرٍ ولا تَراضٍ. واللِّبسَتانِ اشتِمالُ الصَّمّاءِ؛ والصَّمّاءُ: أنْ يَجعَلَ ثَوبَه على أحَدِ عاتِقَيه فيَبدوَ أحَدُ شِقَّيه لَيسَ عَلَيه ثَوبٌ. واللِّبسَةُ الأُخرَى: احتِباؤُه بثَوبِه لَيسَ على فرجِه مِنه شَئٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن المُلامَسَةِ والمُنابَذَةِ في البَيعِ. ثُمَّ فسَّرَ هذا التَّفسيرَ الَّذِى مَضى في حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعَتَينِ، وعن لِبسَتَينِ؛ فأمَّا البَيعَتانِ فالمُلامَسَةُ والمُنابَذَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٧٩) من طريق يونس به. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٠٢)، ومسلم (١٥١٢/ ٠٠٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٢٢) مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٨٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٢٣) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣/ ١٥١٢).","vol":"11","page":261},{"text":"وأمَّا اللِّبسَتانِ فاشتِمالُ الصَّمَّاءِ، واحتِباءُ الرَّجُلِ في الثَّوبِ الواحِدِ لَيسَ على فرجِه مِنه شَيءٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه مَعمَرٌ.\n\n١٠٩٧٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِي، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بهذا الحَديثِ. زادَ: فاشتِمالُ الصَّمَّاءِ: يَشتَمِلُ في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ؛ يَضَعُ طَرَفَي الثَّوبِ على عاتِقِه الأيسَرِ ويُبرِزُ شِقَّه الأيمَنَ. قال: والمنابَذَةُ: أنْ يَقولَ: إذا نبَذتُ هذا الثَّوبَ فقَد وجَبَ البَيعُ. والمُلامَسَةُ: أنْ يَمَسَّه بيَدِه ولا يَنشُرَه ولا يُقَلِّبَه؛ إذا مَسَّه وجَبَ البَيعُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2428>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ الحَصَاةِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وغَيرُهم قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٧٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٧٧)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧٠)، والنسائي (٢٥٢٤) من طريق سفيان به. وليس عند النسائي ذكر التفسير.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٨٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٧٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٩٨٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٠٢٤)، والنسانى (٤٥٢٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٧٦). وأخرجه البخاري (٢١٤٧) من طريق معمر به مختصرًا.","vol":"11","page":262},{"text":"ابنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ، وعن بَيعِ الحَصاةِ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُوَيه، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَهِ قال: حَدَثَنِى أبو الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2429>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعِ العُربانِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٧٨ - أحْبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعِ العُربان. قالَ ابنُ وهبٍ: فقالَ لِى مالكٌ: وذَلكَ فيما نُوَى واللَّهُ أعلمُ، أنْ يَشتَرِى الرَّجُلُ العَبدَ أوِ الأمَةَ، أو يَتَكارَى الكِراءَ، ثُمَّ يَقولَ لِلَّذِى اشتَرَى أو تَكارَى مِنه: أُعطيكَ دينارًا أو دِرهَمًا، أو أكثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أو أقَلَّ، على أنِّى إنْ أخَذتُ السِّلعَةَ أو رَكِبتُ ما تَكَارَيتُ مِنكَ، فالَّذِى أعطَيتُكَ هو مِنْ ثَمَنِ السِّلعَةِ، أو مِنْ كِرَاءِ الدّابَّةِ، وإِنْ تَرَكتُ البَيعَ أوِ الكِراءَ، فما أعطَيتُكَ فهو لَكَ باطِلًا بغَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٥١٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٥١٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٤/ ١٥١٣).","vol":"11","page":263},{"text":"شَئٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هَكَذا رَوَى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ هذا الحَديثَ في \"الموطأ\" لَم يُسَمِّ مَن رَواه عَنه.\n\n١٠٩٧٩ - ورَواه حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ عن مالكٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عامِرٍ الأسلَمِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديث. أخَبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ يَعنِى الماسَرجِسِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ القاسِمِ الصَّدَفِيُّ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا المِقدامُ بنُ داودَ ابنِ تَليدٍ الرُّعَينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nويُقالُ: لا، بَل أخَذَه مالكٌ. عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُصعَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن الثِّقَةِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ. [فذَكَرَه (^٥). قال أبو أحمدَ: هَكَذا ذَكَرَه أبو مُصعَبٍ عن مالكٍ عن الثِّقَةِ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ] (^٤). قال: ويُقالُ: إنَّ مالكًا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٩/ ١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٠٩، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٥٠٢)، وابن ماجة (٢١٩٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢١٩٣) من طريق حبيب بن أبى حبيب به.\n(^٣) وقال ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٣٩٦: وأشبه ما قيل فيه: إنه أخذه عن ابن لهيعة، أو عن ابن وهب عن ابن لهيعة.\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٥، م.\n(^٥) ابن محمدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٧١، ومالك في الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (٢٤٧٠). ومن طريقه أخرجه أحمد (٦٧٢٣).","vol":"11","page":264},{"text":"سَمِعَ هذا الحديثَ مِنَ ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، والحَديثُ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ مَشهورٌ. قال أبو أحمدَ: أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٠٩٨١ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى هذا الحَديثُ عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ عن عمرٍو بنِ شُعَيبٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ يَعنِى أبا الشيخِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو موسَى الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). عاصِمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الأشجَعِيُّ فيه نَظَرٌ (^٣)، وحَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عامِرٍ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٥)، والأصلُ في هذا الحَديثِ مُرسَلُ مالكٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2430>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعَتَيِن في بَيعَةٍ</span>\n\n١٠٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٤/ ١٤٧١. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٣٩٧ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٣٩٨ من طريق أبى موسى الأنصارى به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩).\n(^٤) حبيب بن أبى حبيب المصرى كاتب مالك أبو محمد، واسم أبيه إبراهيم، وقيل: مرزوق. ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين ١/ ٢٦٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٦٦، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٥٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ٢/ ١٨١، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٤٩: متروك، كذبه أبو داود وجماعة.\n(^٥) تقدم الكلام على عبد الله بن عامر عقب (٢٣٨٧)، وتقدم الكلام على ابن لهيعة قبل (٢٨).","vol":"11","page":265},{"text":"حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاء، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعَتَينِ في بَيعَةٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن بَيعَتَينِ في بَيعَةٍ (^١). قال عبدُ الوَهَّابِ: يَعنِى يقولُ: هو لَكَ بنَقدٍ بعَشَرَةٍ، وبِنَسيئَةٍ بعِشرينَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ (^٢)، ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو.\n\n١٠٩٨٣ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبى سلَمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن باعَ بَيعتنِ في بَيعَة فلَه أوكَسُهُما أوِ الرِّبا\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٤٨)، والنسائي (٤٦٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو يعلى (٦١٢٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. ليس فيه التفسير. والترمذى (١٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٩٧٣) من طريق محمد ابن عمرو به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ١/ ٨٨ (مختصر المزنى) ومن طريقه الخطابى في معالم السنن ٣/ ١٢٢، والمصنف في المعرفة (٣٥١٨) عن الدراوردى به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥ وصححه، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٧١٦) ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٩٧٤).","vol":"11","page":266},{"text":"أبى شَيبَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَرأتُ في كِتابِ أبى لسُلَيمانَ ﵀ في تَفسيرِ هذا الحَديثِ: يُشبِة أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ حُكومَةً في شَئٍ بعَينِه، كأنَه أسلَفَ دينارًا في قَفيزِ بُرٍّ إلَى شَهرٍ، فلَمّا حَلَّ الأجَلُ وطالَبَه بالبُرِّ قال له: بعنِى القَفيزَ الَّذِى لَكَ علىَّ بقَفيزَينِ إلَى شَهرَينِ. فهَذا بَيعٌ ثانٍ قَد دَخَلَ على البَيعِ الأوَّلِ فصارَ بَيعَتَينِ في بَيعَةٍ، فيُرَدّانِ إلَى أوكَسِهِما وهو الأصل، فإِنْ تَبايَعا البَيعَ الثّانِي قَبلَ أدنْ يَتَناقَضا البَيعَ الأوَّلَ كانا مُربيَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ وغَيرُه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ، أنَّ عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ أخبَرَهُم، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعٍ وسَلَفٍ، وعن بَيعَتَينِ في صَفقَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، وعن بَيعِ ما لَيسَ عِندَكَ، وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَرامُ شِفٌّ (^٣) ما لَم يُضمَنْ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2431>بابُ النَّهيِ عن النَّجْشِ</span>\n\n١٠٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسْحَاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٦١). وحسَّنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٥٥).\n(^٢) معالم السنن ٣/ ١٢٢، ١٢٣.\n(^٣) الشف: الربح والزيادة. النهاية ٢/ ٤٨٦.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٥١٧، ١٠٧٨٤، ١٠٩٣١) دون آخره.","vol":"11","page":267},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وعَلِيُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ والحَديثُ لِإسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن النَّجْشِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ مَسلَمَةَ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَناجَشُوا\" (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٨٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ ومالكٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٩٤٥)، وفى المعرفة (٣٥٢٠)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٤٥١)، والنسائي (٤٥١٧)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٣٦) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٤٢)، ومسلم (١٣/ ١٥١٦).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٢١)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٣٨)، والترمذى (١٣٠٤)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى مطولًا في (١٠٩٩٣، ١١٠٠٣).","vol":"11","page":268},{"text":"أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^١).\n\n١٠٩٨٨ - وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (^٢)، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: والنَّجْشُ أنْ يَحضُرَ الرَّجُلُ السِّلعَةَ تُباعُ فيُعطِى بها الشَّئَ وهو لا يُريدُ شِراءَها؛ ليَقتَدِى به السُّوّامُ، فيُعطُونَ بها أكثَرَ ممَّا كانوا يُعطُونَ لَو لَم يَسمَعوا سَومَه، فمَن نَجَشَ فهو عاصٍ بالنَّجشِ إنْ كان عالمًا بنَهي رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). قال: والبَيعُ جائزٌ لا يُفسِدُه مَعصيَةُ رَجُلٍ نَجَشَ عَلَيه. قال: وقَد بيعَ فيمَن يَزيدُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجازَ البَيعُ، وقَد يَجوزُ أنْ يَكونَ زادَ مَن لا يُريدُ الشِّراءَ (^٥).\n\n١٠٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ابنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضي، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو مَنصورٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ، وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الصَّفّارُ قالوا: أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٢٢)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٣. وسيأتى مطولًا من طريقه (١١٠٠٤).\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"ومالك عن أبى الزناد\". وهو انتقال نظر مما سبق.\n(^٣) السنن المأثورة (٢٥٧).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عنه\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٢٣)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٤، ١٥٥.","vol":"11","page":269},{"text":"أبو عمرو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أخضَرُ بنُ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نادَى على حِلسٍ (^١) وقَدَح فيمَن يَزيدُ، فأعطاه رَجُلٌ دِرهَمًا وأعطاه آخَرُ دِرهَمَينِ فباعَه (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو (^٣) بنُ مالكٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن زَيدِ ابنِ أسلمَ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: شَهرٌ. كان تاجِرًا، وهو يَسألُ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن بَيعِ المُزايَدَةِ، فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنْ يَبيعَ أحَدُكُم على بَيعِ أخيه حَتَّى يَذَرَ إلَّا الغَنائمَ والمَواريثَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ (^٥). ورَواه يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ وقالَ في الحَديثِ: وهو يَسألُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ. فأرسَلَه.\n_________\n(^١) الحلس: هو الكساء الذى يلى ظهر البعير تحت القتب. النهاية ١/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٢) حديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى (٧٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٦٤٠) عن أبى مسلم به. وسيأتى مطولًا في (١٣٣٤٢).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وفى مصادر التخريج: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٩٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٥٧٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١١ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٩٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٨٤: فيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"11","page":270},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: أدرَكتُ النَّاسَ لا يَرَونَ بأسًا ببَيعِ المَغانِمِ فيمَنْ يَزيدُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2432>بابٌ: لا يَبيعُ بَعضُكُم على بيعِ بعضٍ</span>\n\n١٠٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَمْصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَبِعْ بَعضُكُم على بَيعِ بَعضٍ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى زَكَرِيَّا: \"لا يَبيعَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٥٧)، وشرح معانى الآثار للطحاوى ٣/ ٧.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٢٤)، والشافعي في مسنده (٤٩٢)، وعنه أحمد (٥٨٦٢). ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٤٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٥١٥)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧١)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤١٢/ ٧)، والبخارى (٢١٣٩).","vol":"11","page":271},{"text":"قال: \"لا يَبيعَنَّ أحَدُكُم على بَيعِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبْ على خِطبَةِ أخيه إلَّا بإذنِه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ ويَحيَى القَطّانِ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٠٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَناجَشوا، ولا يَبيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، ولا يَبِيعُ الرَّجُلُ على بَيعِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبُ على خِطبَتِه، ولا تَسأَلُ المَرأَةُ طَلاقَ أُختِها لِتَكتَفِئَ (^٣) ما في إنائِها\" (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النّاقِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وزادَ: \"ولا يَسومُ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٧٦) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٢٠٨١)، والنسائي (٤٥١٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٦) من طريق عبيد الله به. والترمذى (١٢٩٢) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠/ ١٤١٢، ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"لتكفئ\". وتكتفئ: هو تفتعل من كفأت القِدْر إذا كببتها لتفرغ ما فيها، يقال: كفأت الإناء وأكفاته. إذا كببته وإذا أملته. وهذا تمثيل لإمالة الضَّرَّة حق صاحتها من زوجها إلى نفسها إذا سألت طلاقها. النهاية ٤/ ١٨٢. وينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٨)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٩) من طريق سفيان به، وتقدم في (١٠٩٨٦) من طريق سفيان مختصرًا.","vol":"11","page":272},{"text":"أَخِيه\" (^١). ورَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدنِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢)، ورَواه أيضًا عن عمرٍو (^٣) النّاقِدِ بزيادَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٠٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ وسُفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يبيعُ بَعضُكُم على بيعِ بَعضٍ\" (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٦).\nوقَد حَمَلَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ على مَنِ اشتَرَى مِن رَجُلٍ سِلعَةً فلَم يَتَفَرَّقَا حَتَّى أتاه آخَرُ، فعَرَضَ عَلَيه مِثلَ سِلعَتِه أو خَيرًا مِنها بأقَلَّ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ، فيَفسَخُ بَيعَ صاحِبِه؛ فإِنَّ له الخيارَ قَبلَ التَّفَرُّقِ، فيَكونُ هذا فسادًا وقَد عَصَى اللهَ إذا كان بالحَديثِ عالِمًا، والبَيعُ فيه لازِمٌ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٥٨٨٧١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٤٠)، ومسلم (١٤١٣/ ٥١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن محمد\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٥١/ ١٤١٣).\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٢٦)، والشافعي في المسند (٤٩٣)، وعنه أحمد (٨٩٣٧) دون ذكر سفيان، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٠٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣٤٤٣)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٨) بأطول منه. وسيأتى مطولًا في (١١٠٠٤).\n(^٦) البخاري (٢١٥٠)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١١).\n(^٧) ينظر اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٦.","vol":"11","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2433>بابٌ: لا يَسومُ أحَدُكُم على سَومِ أخيه</span>\n\n١٠٩٩٦ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ \"الرسالة\": وقَد روِى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا يَسومُ أحَدُكُم على سَومِ أخيه\". فإِن كان ثابِتًا -ولَستُ أحفَظُه ثابِتًا- فهو مِثلُ \"لا يَخطُبُ أحَدُكُم على خِطبَةِ أخيه\"، ولا يَسومُ على سَومِه إذا رَضِى البائعُ وأذِنَ بأن يُباعَ قَبلَ البَيعِ، حَتَّى لَو بيعَ لَزِمَه. قال: ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - باعَ فيمَن يَزيدُ، وبَيعُ مَن يَزيدُ سَومُ رَجُلٍ على سَومِ أخيه، ولَكِنَّ البائعَ لَم يَرَضَ السَّومَ الأَوَّلَ حَتَّى طَلَبَ الزِّيادَةَ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، عن (^١) الشَّافِعِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: حَديثُ السَّومِ قَد ثَبَتَ مِن أوجُهٍ مِنها ما:\n\n١٠٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفانُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَستامَ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ أخيه. وذَكَرَ سائرَ الألفاظِ التى قَد مَضَت في بابِ التَّصريَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أخبرنا\".\n(^٢) الرسالة ص ٣١٥، ٣١٦.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٨٠٨).","vol":"11","page":274},{"text":"شُعبَةَ، ثمَّ قال: تابَعَه مُعاذٌ وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٠٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصٌ بنُ عُمَرَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ. وسُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى أن يَستامَ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ أخيه، وأن يَخطُبَ على خِطبَةِ أخيهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبدِ الوارِثِ عن شُعبَةَ عَنهُما (^٣).\n\n١٠٩٩٩ - ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَسُمِ المُسلِمُ على سَومِ المُسلِمِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\nورَواه بَعضُهُم عن شُعبَةَ عن العَلاءِ: نَهَى أن يَسومَ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥١٥/ ١٠)، والبخارى (٢٧٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٥٩، ١١٨٥٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٥/ ١٤١٣، ١٥١٥/ ١٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥١٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤١٣/ ٥٤، ١٥١٥/ ٩).","vol":"11","page":275},{"text":"أخيه (^١). وبَعضهُم: أن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ على بَيعِ أخيهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ حسَّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَخطُبُ الرَّجُلُ على خِطبَةِ أخيه، ولا يَسومُ على سَوْمِ أخيه، ولا تُنكَحُ المَرأَةُ على عَمَّتِها ولا على خالَتِها، ولا تَسأَلُ المَرأَةُ طَلاقَ أُختِها لِتَكتَفِئَ (^٣) ما في صَحفَتِها، ولتَنكِحْ؛ إنَّما لَها ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَها\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسَّانَ (^٥).\n\n١١٠٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحَّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا كَثيرُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَسومَنَّ أحَدُكُم على سَومِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبْ على خِطبَتِه\" (^٦).\nوبِهَذا اللَّفظِ رَواه الأوزاعِيُّ عن أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى هريرةَ، وقَد قيلَ عنه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٩٩) من طريق شعبة بلفظ: \"لا يستام الرجل على سوم أخيه\".\n(^٢) مجموع أجزاء حديثية (٥٥) من طريق عمرو بن مرزوق عن شعبة به.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"لتكفئ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٠٥) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٨).\n(^٦) المصنّف في الشعب (١١١٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٢٠) عن أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. مطولًا بلفظ: \"لا يسوم ... \".","vol":"11","page":276},{"text":"\"لا يَستامُ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ أخيه\" (^١).\nوهَذا الحَديثُ (^٢) حَديثٌ واحِدٍ واختَلَفَت الرُّواةُ في لَفظِه؛ لأنَّ الَّذِى رَواه على أحَدِ هذه الألفاظِ الثَّلاثَةِ مِنَ البَيعِ والسَّومِ والاستيامِ لَم يَذكُرْ مَعَه شَيئًا مِنَ اللَّفظَتَينِ الأُخرَيَينِ إلَّا في رِوايَةٍ شاذَّةٍ ذَكَرَها مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، ذَكَرَ فيها لَفظَ البَيعِ والسَّومِ جَميعًا (^٣)، وأكثَرُ الرّواةِ لَم يَذكُروا عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ فيه لَفظَ السَّومِ؛ فإِمّا أن يَكونَ مَعنَى ما رَواه ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبى هريرةَ (^٤) ما فسَّرَه غَيرُه مِنَ السَّومِ والاستيامِ، وإِمّا أن نُرَجِّحَ (^٥) رِوايَةَ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ على رِوايَةِ غَيرِه بأنه (^٦) أحفَظُهُم وأفقَهُهُم، ومَعَه مِن أصحابِ أبى هريرةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجُ وأبو سعيدٍ مَولَى عامِرِ بنِ كُرَيزٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَعقوبَ في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عن العَلاءِ عنه، وبأنَّ رِوايَتَه توافِقُ رِوايَةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٧).\n\n١١٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُه قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٥٠) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) يعنى حديث أبى هريرة برواياته المتقدمة (١٠٩٩٣ - ١١٠٠١).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٩٩٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٩٩٣)، وفيه بلفظ البيع.\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"ترجح\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٦) في النسخ: \"فإنه\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٠٩٩١، ١٠٩٩٢).","vol":"11","page":277},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ (^١) المَهْرِيِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُؤمِن أخو المُؤمِنِ، ولا يَحِلُّ لِمُؤمِنٍ أن يَبْتَاعَ على بَيعِ أخيه حَتَّى يَذَرَ، ولا يَخطبَ على خِطبَتِه حَتى يَذَرَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2434>بابٌ لا يَبيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبى هريرةَ في ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٠٣ - وأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَناجَشوا، ولا يَبيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، ولا يَبيعُ الرَّجل على بَيعِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبُ على [خِطبَةِ أخيه] (^٥) (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن\n_________\n(^١) شماسة بضم الشين وكسرها. انظر ما تقدم في (٣٩٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٢٨) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٦/ ١٤١٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٩٨٦، ١٠٩٩٣).\n(^٥) في م: \"خطة\".\n(^٦) الحميدى (١٠٢٦).","vol":"11","page":278},{"text":"زُهَيرٍ، جَميعًا عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١١٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَبيِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُتَلَقَّى الرّكبانُ، ولا يَبيعُ بَعضُكُم على بَيعِ بَعضٍ، ولا تَناجَشُوا، ولا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٍ لِبادٍ، ولا تُصرُّوا الإبِلَ والغَنَمَ، فمَنِ ابتاعَها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ بَعدَ أن يحلُبَها، فإِن رَضِيَها أمسَكَها وِإن سخِطَها رَدَّها وصاعًا مِنْ تَمرٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِنْ حَديثِ أبى حازِمٍ عن أبى هريرةَ: نَهَى أن يَبيعَ مُهاجِرٌ لأعرابِىٍّ. وقَد مَضَى (^٤).\n\n١١٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ولا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٍ لِبادٍ\". قال: قلت: ما \"لا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ\"؟ قال: لا تكن له سِمسارًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢١٤٠)، ومسلم (١٤١٣/ ٥١). وتقدم في (١٠٩٩٣، ١٠٩٩٤).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٦٨٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٠٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣٤٤٣)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٥٠)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٢٧)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١٢). وتقدم في (١٠٨٠٨، ١٠٨٠٩).\n(^٥) المصنّف في الصغرى (١٩٤٨)، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٧٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٤٨٢)، =","vol":"11","page":279},{"text":"إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن مَعمَرٍ (^١).\n\n١١٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: نُهينا أن يَبيعَ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبانٍ البَلخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هَمّامٍ الأهوازِىُّ محمدُ بنُ الزِّبرِقانِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٌ لِباد وإِن كان أخاه أوأباه\" (^٤).\n\n١١٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= والنسائي (٤٥١٢)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٣٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٢١/ ١٩)، والبخارى (٢١٥٨، ٢١٦٣، ٢٢٧٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥٠٦) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٦١)، ومسلم (١٥٢٣/ ٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤٠)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٤) من طريق محمد بن الزبرقان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٣٥).","vol":"11","page":280},{"text":"أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ولا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، دَعُوا النَّاسَ يُرزَقُ بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ\" (^٣). هذا الحَديثُ بهَذا الإسنادِ مِمّا يُعَدُّ في أفرادِ الشّافِعِيِّ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٠١٠ - وقَد أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَبِيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١١٠١١ - وحَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنِى القاضِى أبو نَصرٍ شُعَيبُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٠)، وأبو داود (٣٤٤٢)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٣) من طريق أبى خيثمة به. والترمذى (١٢٢٣)، والنسائي (٤٥٠٧)، وابن ماجة (٢١٧٦) من طرق عن أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٢٢/ ٢٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٣٢)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٦٢، والشافعى في مسنده (٤٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٢) من طريق نافع به بنحوه مطولًا.\n(^٤) ينظر نقض المصنّف ذلك بتفصيل أكثر في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٦٢ - ١٦٤.\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٣٣)، وفى بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٦٣، ١٦٤. وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٤٩٠٥) عن أبى داود وغيره عن القعنبي به مطولًا.","vol":"11","page":281},{"text":"ابنُ عليٍّ الهَمَذانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ الرّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nوقَد رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن أبيه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢). ولِمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ مَسانيدُ لَم يودِعْها \"الموطأ\" رَواها عنه الأكابِرُ مِن أصحابِه خارجَ \"الموطأ\"، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2435>بابُ الرُّخْصَةِ في مَعونَتِه ونَصيحَتِه إذا استَنصَحَه </span>(^٣)\n\n١١٠١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"حَقُّ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ سِتٌّ\". قيلَ: ما هِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: أ إذا لَقِيتَه فسَلِّمِّ عَلَيه، وِإذا دَعاكَ فأَجِبْهُ، وِإذا اسَتَنْصَحَكَ فانصَحْ له، وِإذا عَطَسَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ فشَمِّتْه، وِإذا مَرِضَ فعُدْه، وإِذا ماتَ فاتَّبِعْه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةُ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٣٣)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ١٦٣، ١٦٤. وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٤٩٠٥) عن أبى داود وغيره عن القعنبى به مطولًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٢١٥٩) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل، م: \"حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعد عبد الملك بن أبى عثمان الزاهد أنا أبو الحسن محمد\" بن الحسن بن إسماعيل السراج ثنا يوسف بن يعقوب القاضى ثنا أبو الربيع الزهراني\" وذكر في حاشية الأصل أنَّها مضروب عليها في أصل المؤلف.\n(^٤) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٢٧٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٤٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٤٢) من طريق العلاء به بنحوه.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٥).","vol":"11","page":282},{"text":"١١٠١٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ السُّكَّرِىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"دَعُوا النّاسَ يَرزُقُ اللهُ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ، فإِذا استَنصَحَ أحَدُكُم أخاه فليَنصَحْه\" (^١). وروِى ذَلِكَ بمَعناه عن حَكيمِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢)، وقيلَ: عنه عن أبيه عَمَّن سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١١٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن سالِمٍ المَكِّىِّ أن أعرابيًّا حَدَّثَه قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ بحَلوبَةٍ (^٤) لِى على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فنَزَلتُ على طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، فقُلتُ: إنِّى لا عِلمَ لِى بأهلِ هذه السّوقِ، فلَو بعتَ لِى؟ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يَبيعَ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ، ولَكِنِ اذهَبْ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٦ من طريق أبى الزبير به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٥٥)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٥٤ (٨٨٨) من طريق حكيم به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٨٣: وفيه عطاء بن السائب وقد اختلط.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٨٢) من طريق حكيم به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٨٣: وفيه عطاء بن السائب أيضا.\n(^٤) قال في عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٨٣: \"بالحاء المهملة كذا في جميع النسخ الحاضرة. قال في فتح الودود: ضبطه أبو موسى المدينى بالجيم وهى ما تجلب للبيع من كل شيء انتهى. والحلوبة هى الناقة التى تحلب\". وينظر العين ٦/ ١٣٠، ١٣١، والنهاية ١/ ٢٨٢.","vol":"11","page":283},{"text":"السّوقِ، فإِن جاءَكَ مَن يُبايِعُكَ فشاوِرْنِى حَتَّى آمُرَكَ أوأنهاكَ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2436>بابُ النَّهي عن تَلَقِّى السِّلَعِ</span>\n\n١١٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن تَلَقِّى البُيوعِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ كما مَضَى (^٤).\n\n١١٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ (^٥) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ببنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ وغَيرُه، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن تَلَقِّى السِّلَعِ حَتَّى يُهبَطَ بها الأسواقُ (^٦). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤١) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (١٤٠٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به بنحوه مطولًا. وضعف إسناده الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٤٥).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٣٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٢٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن ماجه (٢١٨٠)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٨) من طريق التيمى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥١٨/ ١٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢١٤٩)، وقد تقدم في (١٠٨٢٩).\n(^٥) في ص ٥: \"إسحاق\".\n(^٦) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن الحسن (٧٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٣١)، وأبو داود (٣٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٩) من طريق مالك به. والنسائي (٤٥١٠، ٤٥١١)، وابن ماجه (٢١٧٩) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"11","page":284},{"text":"مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن نافِعٍ (^١).\n\n١١٠١٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ- لَفظُه- قالوا: حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُتَلَقَّى الرُّكبانُ \"ولا يَبيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ\". قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: ما قَولُه: \"لا يَبيعُ حاضِرٌ لِبادٍ\"؟ قال: لا يَكونُ له سِمسارًا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَلَقَّوُا الرُّكبانَ لِلبَيعِ\". وذَكَرَ باقِى الحَديثِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ كما مَضَى (^٥).\n\n١١٠١٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢١٦٥)، ومسلم (١٥١٧).\n(^٢) ينظر تخريجه فيما تقدم في (١١٠٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢١٥٨، ٢٢٧٤)، ومسلم (١٥٢١/ ١٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤٣) من طريق القعنبى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢١٥٠)، ومسلم (١٥١٥/ ١١)، وقد تقدم في (١٠٩٩٥، ١١٠٠٤).","vol":"11","page":285},{"text":"أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَتَلَقَّوُا الرُّكبانَ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَد سَمِعتُ في هذا الحَديثِ: \"فمَن تَلَقّاها فصاحِبُ السِّلعَةِ بالخيارِ بعدَ أن يَقدَمَ السّوقَ\". وبِهَذا نأخُذُ إن كان ثابِتًا، وفِى هذا دَليلٌ على أن الرَّجُلَ إذا تَلَقَّى السِّلعَةَ فاشتَراها فالبَيعُ جائزٌ، غَيرَ أن لِصاحِبِ السِّلعَةِ بعدَ أن تَقدَمَ السّوقَ الخيارَ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ اللهِ السّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ (ح) وأخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَلَقَّوُا الجَلَبَ (^٣)، فمَن تَلَقّاه فاشتَرَى مِنه شَيئًا فصاحِبُه بالخيارِ إذا جاءَ السّوقَ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الأوزاعِىِّ: \"إذا أتَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٥)، والنسائي (٤٤٩٩) من طريق سفيان به مطولًا. وانظر ما قبله. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٤١٧٩).\n(^٢) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٥٩، وفيه: \"لا نلقوا السلع\". مكان \"لا تتلقوا الركبان\".\n(^٣) الجلب: ما يجلب من البوادى إلى القرى من الأطعمة وغيرها، لا تتلقى حتى ترد الأسواق. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٩.","vol":"11","page":286},{"text":"السّوقَ بالخيارِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٠٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى هِشامٌ القُرْدُوسِىُّ (^٢). فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فإِذا أتَى سَيِّدُه السّوقَ فهو بالخيارِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَمْرٍو (^٥)، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن تَلَقَى الجَلَبِ. قال: \"فإِن تَلَقّاه مُتَلَقِّى (^٦) فصاحِبُ السِّلعَةِ فيها بالخيارِ إذا ورَدَتِ السّوقَ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٤٧) من طريق الأوزاعى وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٢٤)، ومسلم (١٥١٩/ ١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١٧٨) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الفردوسى\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٣/ ١١٠٤، والتقريب ٢/ ٣١٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٥١٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥١٩/ ١٧).\n(^٥) في ص ٥، م: \"عمر\".\n(^٦) في م: \"متلق\" والمثبت جارٍ على لغة تليلة تجيز إثبات الياء في المنقوص من غير ألف ولام، والمشهور حذفها. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٣٦)، والترمذى (١٢٢١) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به.","vol":"11","page":287},{"text":"١١٠٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىِّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ أبو تَوبَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه زادَ: \"فإِن تَلَقّاه مُتَلَقِّى مُشتَرِى فاشتَراه\" (^١).\n\n١١٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَز بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى جُوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَه أنَّهُم كانوا يَتَبايَعونَ الطَّعامَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الرُّكبانِ، فنَهاهُم أن يَبيعوه في مَكانِه الَّذِى ابتاعوه فيه حَتَّى يَنقُلوه إلَى سوقِ الطَّعامِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جوَيريَةَ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: كُنّا نَتَلَقَّى الرُّكبانَ فنَشتَرِى مِنهُمُ الطَّعامَ، فنَهانا النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن نَبيعَه حَتَّى نَبلُغَ به سوقَ الطَّعامِ (^٣).\nوفِى هذا دَلالَةٌ على صِحَّةِ الابتياعِ مِنَ الرُّكبانِ، وإِنَّما مُنِعوا مِن بَيعِه بعدَ القَبضِ حَتَّى يَنقُلوه إلَى سوقِ الطعامِ؛ لِئَلا يُغلوا هُناكَ على مَن يُقَدِّرُ أنَّه في ذَلِكَ المَوضِعِ أرخَصُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٣٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩)، وابن حبان (٤٩٨٢) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٦٦).","vol":"11","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2437>بابُ النَّهي عن بَيعٍ وسَلَفٍ</span>\n\n١١٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن بَيعٍ وسَلَفٍ، ونَهَى عن بَيعَتَينِ في بَيعَةٍ، ونَهَى عن رِبحِ ما لَم يُضمَنْ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2438>بابُ ما ورَدَ في غَبنِ المُستَّرسِلِ </span>(^٢)\n\n١١٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ يَعنِى المُحارِبِىَّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ استَرسَلَ إلَى مُؤمِنٍ فغَبَنَه كان غَبنُه ذَلِكَ رِبًا\" (^٣). موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ القُرَشِىُّ هذا تكلَّموا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٢٨) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وتقدم في (١٠٩٨٤) من طريق داود بن قيس بنحوه.\n(^٢) الاسترسال: الاستئناس والطمأنينة إلى الإنسان والثقة به فيما يحدِّثه به وأصله السكون والثبات. النهاية ٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٤٠، ٢٣٤١. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ١٨٧ من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٧٥٧٦)، وعنه أبو نعيم في الحية ٥/ ١٨٧ من طريق موسى بن عمر، وعند الطبرانى بلفظ: \"غبن المسترسل حرام\".","vol":"11","page":289},{"text":"فيه (^١)؛ قال أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ: قال أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ: موسَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ عامَّةُ ما يَرويه مِمّا لا يُتابِعُه الثِّقاتُ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى مَعناه عن يَعيشَ بنِ هِشامٍ القَرْقَسانِىُّ عن مالكٍ، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه في إسنادِه، وهو أضعَفُ مِن هذا:\n\n١١٠٢٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عيدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ النَّسَوِىُّ الفَقيهُ بالدّامِغانِ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا الخَليلُ بنُ محمدٍ (^٣) النَّسَوِىُّ أمَلَّه عَلَينا إملاءً، حدثنا خِداشُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا يَعيشُ ابنُ هِشامٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"غَبنُ المُستَرسِلِ رِبًا\".\n\n١١٠٢٨ - وحدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ ظفرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ينِ إسحاقَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَنبِجِىُّ، حدثنا يَعيشُ بنُ هِشامٍ القَرقَسانِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"غَبنُ المُستَرسِلِ رِبًا\".\n\n١١٠٢٩ - وعن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ -، عن\n_________\n(^١) هو موسى بن عمير، أبو هارون القرشى الكوفى الأعمى. تنظر ترجمته في: ضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ١٥٩، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٥٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ١٢٨؛ وتهذب التهذيب ١٠/ ٣٦٤، ٣٦٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٨٧: متروك.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٤١.\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"أحمد\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.","vol":"11","page":290},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"غَبنُ المُستَرسِلِ رِبًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2439>بابٌ: كُلُّ قَرضٍ جَرَّ مَنفَعَةً فهو رِبًا</span>\n\n١١٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا بُرَيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بْنِ أبي بُردَةَ، حدثنا أبو بُردَةَ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فلَقيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَلَامٍ ققالَ: انطَلِقْ مَعِى إلى (^٢) المَنزِلِ فأسقيَكَ في قَدَحٍ شَرِبَ فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وتُصَلِّى في مَسجِدٍ صَلَّى فيه. فانطَلَقتُ مَعَه فسَقانِى سَويقًا وأطعَمَنى تَمرًا، وصَلَّيتُ في مَسجِدِه، فقالَ لِى: إنَّكَ في أرضٍ الرِّبا فيها فاشٍ، وِإنَّ مِن أبوابِ الرِّبا أن أحَدَكُم يُقرِضُ القَرضَ إلَى أجلٍ، فإِذا بَلَغَ أتاه به وبِسَلَّةٍ فيها هَديَّةٌ، فاتَّقِ تِلكَ السَّلَّةَ وما فيها (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ، فلَقِيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَلَامٍ فقالَ لِى: ألا تَجِئُ إلَى البَيتِ حَتَّى أُطعِمَكَ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١١٨: ابن هشام هذا لا يعرف، والخبر باطل.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٦/ ٢٦٨ من طريق أبى بردة.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٣٤٢)، وليس فيه موضع الشاهد.","vol":"11","page":291},{"text":"سَويقًا وتَمرًا؟ فذَهَبْنا فأطعَمَنا سَويقًا وتَمرًا، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّكَ بأرضٍ الرِّبا فيها فاشٍ، فإِذا كان لَكَ على رَجُلٍ دَينٌ، فأهدَى إلَيكَ حَبَلَةً (^١) مِن عَلَفٍ أو شَعيرٍ، أو حَبَلَةً مِن تِبنٍ فلا تَقبَلْه؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الرِّبا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣). ورُوِّينا عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قِصَّةً (^٤) شَبيهَةً بهَذِه القِصَّةِ في القَرضِ والهَديَّةِ:\n\n١١٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى كُلثومُ بنُ الأقمَرِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: قُلتُ لأُبَىِّ ابنِ كَعبٍ: يا أبا المُنذِرِ، إنِّى أُريدُ الجِهادَ، فآتِى العِراقَ فأُقرِضُ؟ قال: إنَّكَ بأرضٍ الرِّبا فيها كَثيرٌ فاشٍ، فإِذا أقرَضتَ رَجُلًا فأهدَى إلَيكَ هَديَّةً، فخُذْ قَرضَكَ واردُدْ إليه هَديَّتَه (^٥).\n\n١١٠٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في مشكاة المصابيح ٢/ ٨٦٠: \"أو حبل قت\". قال في المرقاة ٦/ ٥٩: بفتح المهملة والموحدة، فعل بمعنى مفعول؛ أي مشدود بالحبل.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٥٣٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٥٣)، وابن سعد ٦/ ٢٦٨، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ١١٢ من طريق سعيد بن أبى بردة به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨١٤).\n(^٤) مفقود من الأصل من هذا الموضع حتى نهاية (١١٠٤٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٥٢) عن الثورى به بنحوه، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٣٩) من طريق الأسود بن قيس به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":292},{"text":"ابنِ سيرينَ، أن أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ أهدَى إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ مِن ثَمَرَةِ أرضِه فرَدَّها، فقالَ أُبَىٌّ: لِمَ رَدَدتَ علىَّ هَديَّتِى وقَد عَلِمتَ أنِّى مِن أطيَبِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ ثَمَرَةً؟ خُذْ عَنِّى ما تَرُدُّ علىَّ هَديَّتِى. وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أسلَفَه عَشَرَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١١٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال في رَجُلٍ كان له على رَجُلٍ عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا، فجَعَلَ يُهدِى إلَيه، وجَعَلَ كُلَّما أهدَى إلَيه هَديَّةً باعَها، حَتَّى بَلَغَ ثَمَنُها ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لا تأخُذْ مِنه إلَّا سَبعَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ قال: كان لَنا جارٌ سَمّاكٌ عَلَيه لِرَجُلٍ خَمسونَ دِرهَمًا، فكانَ يُهدِى إلَيه السَّمَكَ، فأتَى ابنَ عباسٍ فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: قاصِّه بما أهدَى إليك (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٤٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٤٣) من طريق ابن سيرين به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١١٣، والدولابى في الكنى (١٦٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به بنحوه. وينظر الإتحاف للبوصيرى (٣٩٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٥١) من طريق عمار الدهنى به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":293},{"text":"١١٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ وخالِدٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ استَقرَضَ مِن رَجُلٍ دَراهِمَ، ثُمَّ إنّ المُستَقرِضَ أفقَرَ (^١) المُقرِضَ ظَهَرَ دابَّتِه، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: ما أصابَ مِن ظَهرِ دابَّتِه فهو رِبًا. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يَذهَبُ إلَى أنَّه قَرضٌ جَرَّ مَنفَعَةً (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ: هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عَونٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن رَجُلًا أقرَضَ رَجُلًا دَراهِمَ، وشَرَطَ عَلَيه ظَهرَ فرَسِه، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لابنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: ما أصابَ مِن ظَهرِه فهو رِبًا (^٣).\n\n١١٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إدريسُ ابنُ يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى مَرزوقٍ التُّجِيبِىِّ، عن فَضالةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ صاحِبِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: كُلُّ قَرضٍ جَرَّ مَنفَعَةً فهو وجهٌ مِن وُجوهِ الرِّبا. مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١١٠٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم معنى الإفقار في (١٠٩٣٩).\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٩٣، ٢٩٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٤٨) من طريق ابن عون به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١١٠٤٢).","vol":"11","page":294},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الضَّبِّىِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى يَحيَى قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ فقُلتُ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، الرَّجُلُ مِنّا يُقرِضُ أخاه المالَ فيُهدِى إلَيه. فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أَقرِضَ أحَدُكُم قَرضًا فأَهدَى إلَيه طَبقًا فلا يَقبَلْه، أو حَمَلَه على دابَّةٍ فلا يَركَبّها، إلأ أن يَكونَ بَينَه وبَينَه قَبلَ ذَلِكَ\" (^١). كَذا قالَ.\n\n١١٠٣٩ - ورَواه هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ عن إسماعيلَ عن عُتبَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى إسحاقَ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ المَعْمَرِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٣). قال المَعْمَرِىُّ: قال هِشامٌ في هذا الحَديثِ: يَحيَى بنُ أبى إسحاقَ الهُنائِىُّ. ولا أُراه إلَّا وهِمَ، وهَذا حَديثُ يَحيَى بنِ يَزيدَ الهُنائِىِّ عن أنَسٍ (^٤).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ دينارٍ فوَقَفاه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق في أحاديث الخلاف (١٥٠٤) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"العمرى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٣٢) عن هشام بن عمار. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٥٥): هذا إسناد فيه مقال؛ عتبة بن حميد ضعفه أحمد وقال أبو حاتم: صالح، وذكره ابن حبان في الثقات، ويحيى بن أبى إسحاق لا يعرف حاله.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٣٧) من طريق يحيى موقوفًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٥٥٣٢) من طريق شعبة عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أنس به. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ١١٦ من طريق شعبة.","vol":"11","page":295},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2440>بابٌ: لا خَيرَ أن يُسلِفَه سَلَفًا على أن يَقضيَه خَيرًا مِنه</span>\n\n١١٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: مَن أسلَفَ سَلَفًا فلا يَشرِطْ إلَّا قَضاءَه (^١). وَقَد رَفَعَه بَعضُ الضُّعَفاءِ عن نافِعٍ ولَيسَ بشَيْءٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك أنَّه بَلَغَه أن رَجُلًا أتَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنِّى أسلَفتُ رَجُلًا سَلَفًا واشتَرَطتُ عَلَيه أفضَلَ مِمّا أسلَفتُه. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: فذَلِكَ الرِّبا. قال: فكَيفَ تأمُرُنِى يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: السَّلَفُ على ثَلاثَةِ وُجوهٍ؛ سَلَفٌ تُريدُ به وجهَ اللهِ فلَكَ وجهُ اللَّهِ، وسَلَفٌ تُريدُ به وجهَ صاحِبِكَ فلَكَ وجهُ صاحِبِكَ، وسَلَفٌ تُسلِفُه لِتأخُذَ خَبيثًا بطَيِّبٍ فذَلِكَ الرِّبا. قال: فكَيفَ تأمُرُنِى يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فقالَ: أرَى أن تَشُقَّ الصَّحيفَةَ، فإن أعطاكَ مِثلَ الَّذِى أسلَفتَه قَبِلتَه، وإِن أعطاكَ دونَ ما أسلَفتَه فأخَذتَه أُجِرتَ، وإِن أعطاكَ أفضَلَ مِمّا أسلَفتَه طَيِّبَةً به نَفسُه، فذَلِكَ شُكرٌ شَكَرَه لَكَ، ولَكَ أجرُ ما أنظَرتَه (^٣).\n\n١١٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٠/ ٩ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٨٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٠٩، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٦ من طريق نافع مرفوعًا.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٠/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٨٢، وعنه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٦٢).","vol":"11","page":296},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّيبُلِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابن سيرينَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لابنِ مَسعودٍ: إنِّى استَسلَفتُ مِن رَجُلٍ خَمسَمِائَةٍ على أن أُعيرَه ظَهرَ فرَسِى. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ما أصابَ مِنه فهو رِبًا (^١). ابنُ سيرينَ عن عبدِ اللهِ مُنقَطِعٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2441>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقضيه خَيرًا مِنه بلا شَرطٍ طَيِّبَةً به نَفسُه</span>\n\n١١٠٤٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ أن رَجُلًا تَقاضَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأغلَظَ له، فهَمَّ أصحابُه به فقالَ: \"دَعوه، فإِنَّ لِصاحِبِ الحَقِّ مَقالًا، اشتَرُوا له بَعيرًا فأَعطُوه\". قالوا: إنّا نَجِدُ له سِنًّا أفضَلَ مِن سِنِّه. قال: \"اشتَرُوه فأَعطُوه إيّاه؛ فإِنَّ خَيرَكُم أحسَنُكُم قَضاءً\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٥٨) عن سفيان به بنحوه. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٠٣٦).\n(^٢) هنا نهاية المفقود من الأصل المشار إليه عقب (١١٠٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٩٠)، والترمذى (١٣١٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٢٣) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا ومختصرًا، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣٩٠)، ومسلم (١٦٠١/ ١٢٠).","vol":"11","page":297},{"text":"القاضِى إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِىُّ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ الفَرّاءُ مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن حَمزَةَ الزَّيّاتِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسألُه، فاستَسلَفَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَطرَ وسْقٍ فأعطاه إيّاه، فجاءَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَقاضاه، فأعطاه وسْقًا وقالَ: \"نِصفٌ لَكَ قَضاءٌ، ونِصفٌ لَكَ نائلٌ (^١) مِن عِندِى\" (^٢).\n\n١١٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: بعتُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بكْرًا، فجِئتُ أتَقاضاه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اقضِنِى ثَمَنَ بَكرِى. قال: \"نَعَم، لا أقضيكَها إلَّا بُختيَّةً (^٣) \". ثُمَّ قَضانِى فأحسَنَ قَضائى، ثُمَّ جاءَ أعرابِى فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اقضِنِى بَكرِى. فقَضاه بَعيرًا مُسِنًّا، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا أفضَلُ مِن بَكرِى. فقالَ: \"هو لَكَ، إنَّ خَيرَ القَومِ خَيرُهُم قَضاءً\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) النائل: العطاء. التاج ٤٢/ ٣١ (ن ول).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٨٩٢٢) من طريق أبى صالح الفراء به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٤١: وفيه أبو صالح الفراء لم أعرفه، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) البختية: الأنثى من الجمال البُخْت والذكر بُخْتى، وهى جِمال طِوَال الأعناق. النهاية ١/ ١٠١.\n(^٤) الحا كم ٢/ ٣٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٤٩)، والنسائي (٤٦٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٨٦) من طرق عن معاوية بن صالح به.","vol":"11","page":298},{"text":"١١٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا خَلادُ بنُ يَحيَى وثابِتٌ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ الزّاهِدَ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى قالوا: حدثنا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: دَخَلتُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ الضَّحَى (^١) فقالَ لِى: \"قُمْ فصَلِّ\". وكانَ لِى عَلَيه دَينٌ فقَضانِى وزادَنِى (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلادِ بنِ يَحيَى وثابِتٍ الزّاهِدِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مَرَرتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَعِى بَعيرٌ مُعتَلٌّ وأنا أسوقُه في آخِرِ القَومِ فقالَ: \"ما شأنُ بَعيرِكَ هذا؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: مُعتَلٌّ أو ظالِعٌ (^٤) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأخَذَ بذَنَبِه فضَرَبَه ثُمَّ قال: \"اركَبْ\". فلَقَد رأيتُنِى في أوَّلِه وإِنِّى لأحبِسُه، فلمَّا دَنَونا أرَدتُ أن أتَعَجَّلَ إلَى أهلِى فقالَ: \"لا تأتِ أهلَكَ طُرُوقًا (^٥) \". قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"ما تَزَوّجتَ؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ضحى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٣٥، ١٤٤٣٢) - وعنه أبو داود (٣٣٤٧) - والنسائي (٤٦٠٥) من طريق مسعر به بنحوه. ومسلم (٧١٥/ ٧١)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩٦) من طريق محارب بن دثار به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤٣، ٢٣٩٤، ٢٦٠٣).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضالع\". والظالع من الحيوان: الذى يضعف عن السير مع غيره، وهو الأعرج الذى يغمز برجليه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣١. وفيه أن أهل اللغة اختلفوا في الظلع الذى هو العرج هل هو بالظاء أم بالضاد.\n(^٥) طروقًا: أي ليلا. النهاية ٣/ ١٢١.","vol":"11","page":299},{"text":"قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"بكرٌ أم ثَيِّبٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: ثَيِّبٌ. قال: \"فهَلَّا بكرٌ تُلاعِبُها وتُلاعِبُكَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّ عبدَ اللهِ تَرَكَ جَوارِى، فكَرِهتُ أن أضُمَّ إلَيهِنَ مِثلَهُنَّ، فأرَدتُ أن أتَزَوَّجَ امرأةً قَد عَقَلَت. فما قال لِى: أسأتَ ولا أحسَنتَ. ثُمَّ قال: \"بِعْنِى بَعيرَكَ هذا\". قال: قُلتُ: هو لَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"بِعْنيه\". قُلتُ: هو لَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فلَمّا أكثَرَ علىَّ قُلتُ: فإِنَّ لِرَجُلٍ علىَّ وقيَّةَ ذَهَبٍ فهو لَكَ بها. قال: \"نَعَم، تَبَلَّغْ عَلَيه إلَى أهلِكَ\". وأرسَلَ إلَى بلالٍ فقالَ: \"أعطِه وَقيَّةَ ذَهَب وزِدْه\". فأعطانِى وَقيَّةً وزادَنِى قيراطًا (^١)، فقُلتُ: لا يُفارِقُنِى هذا القيراطُ؛ شَئٌ زادَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فجَعَلتُه في كيسٍ، فلَم يَزَلْ عِندِى حَتَّى أخَذَه أهلُ الشّامِ يَومَ الحَرَّةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ؛ البخارىُّ بالإشارَةِ إلَيه، ومُسلِمٌ بالرِّوايَةِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ ابنِ قَيسٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: استَسلَفَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ مِن رَجُلٍ دَراهِمَ، ثُمَّ قَضاه دَراهِمَ خَيرًا مِنها، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ هذه خَيرٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) القيراط: جزء من الوزن، وهو عند أهل الحساب وسائر الفقهاء والمؤثقين وعند أهل الفرائض جزء من أربعة وعشرين، وضعفوه لتقريب القسمة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٨.\n(^٢) يعنى حرة المدينة كان قتال ونهب من أهل الشام هناك سنة ثلاث وستين من الهجرة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١١/ ٣٣. والحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٧٦) - وعنه مختصرًا أبو داود (٢٠٤٨) - والنسائي (٤٦٥٣) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٢٧١٨)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١١١).","vol":"11","page":300},{"text":"دَراهِمِى التى أسلَفتُكَ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قَد عَلِمتُ ذَلِكَ ولَكِنَّ نَفسِى بذَلِكَ طَيِّبَةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2442>بابُ ما جاءَ في السَّفاتِجِ </span>(^٢)\n\n١١٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن أبى عُمَيسٍ، عن ابنِ جُعدُبَةَ، عن عُبَيدٍ وهو ابنُ السَّبّاقِ، عن زَينَبَ قالَت: أعطانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَمسينَ وسْقًا تَمرًا بخَيبَرَ وعِشرينَ شَعيرًا. قالَت: فجاءَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ فقالَ لِى: هَل لَكِ أن أوتيَكِ مالَكِ بخَيبَرَ هاهنا بالمَدينَةِ، فأقبِضَه مِنكِ بكَيلِه بخَيبَرَ؟ فقالَت: لا حَتَّى أسألَ عن ذَلِكَ. قال (^٣): فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقالَ: لا تَفعَلِى، فكَيفَ لَكِ بالضَّمانِ فيما بَينَ ذَلِكِ؟ لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ: قالَت: فجاءَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ في إمارَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٤). ورُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ (^٥)، وروِى في حَديثٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٠/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٨١، ومن طريقه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٤/ ١٦٩.\n(^٢) السفاتج: جمع سُفْتَجَة، وهى أن يعطى آخرَ مالًا، وللآخر مالٌ في بلد المعطى، فيوفيه إياه هناك، فيستفيد أمن الطريق. التاج ٣٩/ ٦ (سفتج).\n(^٣) في م: \"قالت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٠٦)، وإسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٢٤٠٦) من طريق أبى العميس به بنحوه. وزاد إسحاق: قال وكيع: وهذه السفتجة، وهى مكروهة.\n(^٥) أخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (٢٠٠) عن شعبة عن الحكم عنه به وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة=","vol":"11","page":301},{"text":"مَرفوعٍ وهو ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ، فلَم أذكُرْه لِضَعفِهِ.\n\n١١٠٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بالسُّفتَجاتِ بأسًا إذا كان على وجهِ المَعروفِ (^١).\n\n١١٠٥١ - قال: وحَدَّثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يأخُذُ مِن قَومٍ بمَكَةَ دَراهِمَ، ثُمَّ يَكتُبُ بها إلَى مُصعَبِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بالعِراقِ، فيأخُذونَها مِنه، فسُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ، فلَم يَرَ به بأسًا، فقيلَ له: إن أخَذوا أفضَلَ مِن دَراهِمِهِم؟ قال: لا بأسَ إذا أخَذوا بوَزنِ دَراهِمِهِم (^٢).\nوروِى في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - (^٣)، فإِن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ عنه وعن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، فإِنَّما أرادا واللهُ أعلمُ إذا كان ذَلِكَ بغَيرِ شَرطٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2443>بابُ قَرضِ الحَيَوانِ غَيرِ الجَوارِى</span>\n\n١١٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الخطابِ بنِ عُمَرَ قالا:\n_________\n= (٢١٣٠٨) من طريق شعبة عن الحكم عنه بخلافه.\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٤١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٠٤، ٢١٣٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٤٢) من طريق عطاء بنحوه، وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢٩٨، ٢١٢٩٩).","vol":"11","page":302},{"text":"حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سَلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان لِرَجُلٍ على النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - سِنٌّ (^١) مِنَ الإبلِ، فجاءَه يَتَقاضاه فقالَ: \"أعطوه\". فطَلَبوا فلَم يَجِدوا إلَّا سِنًّا فوقَ سِنِّه، فقالَ: \"أعطوه\". فقالَ: أوفَيتَنِى أوفاكَ اللهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ خيارَكُم أحسَنُكُم قَضاءً\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: استَقرَضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -[سِنًّا، فأعطوه] (^٤) سِنًّا فوقَ سِنِّه، فقالَ: \"خيارُكُم محاسِنُكُم (^٥) قَضاءً\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٧).\n\n١١٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسِ بنِ سلمةَ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بعير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٠٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٣٢) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٠٥)، ومسلم (١٦٠١/ ١٢٢).\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"من رجل سنا فأعطاه\".\n(^٥) في ص ٥، م: \"أحاسنكم\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الترمذى (١٣١٦) عن أبى غريب به، وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٦٠١/ ١٢١).","vol":"11","page":303},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى زَيدٌ وهو ابنُ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَسلَفَ مِن رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا، فقَدِمَت على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إبِلٌ، قال أبو رافِعٍ: فأمَرَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن أُعطِى الرَّجُلَ بَكرَه، وابتَغَيتُ في الإبِلِ فلَم أجِدْ فيها إلَّا جَمَلًا رَباعِيًا (^١)، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أعطِه إيّاه؛ فإنَّ خيارَ عِبادِ اللَّهِ أحسَنُهُم قَضاءً\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2444>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ الإقراضِ</span>\n\n١١٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: لأن أُقرِضَ دينارَينِ مَرَّتَينِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أتَصَدَّقَ بهِما؛ لأنِّى أُقرِضُهُما فيَرجِعانِ إلَىَّ فأتَصَدَّقُ بهِما، فيَكونُ لِى أجرُهُما مَرَّتَينِ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لأن أُقرِضَ مَرَّتَينِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُعطيَه\n_________\n(^١) يقال للذكر من الإبل إذا طلعت رباعيته: رَبَاع والأنثى رَبَاعيَة بالتخفيف، وذلك إذا دخلا في السنة السابعة. النهاية ٢/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٨٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٢) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به. وسيأتى في (١١٢٠٧) من طريق مالك عن زيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٠/ ١١٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٥٨) من طريق منصور به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":304},{"text":"مَرَّةً (^١). ورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ.\nورُوِى عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: لأن أُقرِضَ مَرَّتَينِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أتَصَدَّقَ مَرَّةً (^٢).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ عنه مَرفوعًا:\n\n١١٠٥٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن سُليمانَ (^٣) بنِ يُسَيرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ رومِىٍّ، عن سُلَيمِ (^٤) بنِ أُذُنانِ (^٥)، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أقرَضَ وَرِقًا (^٦) مَرَّتَينِ كان كَعِدْلِ صَدَقَةٍ مَرَّةً\" (^٧). كَذا رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ يُسَيرٍ النَّخَعِىُّ أبو الصَّبّاحِ الكوفِىُّ، قال البخارىُّ: ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٨). ورَواه الحَكَمُ وأبو إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤٨).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"سليم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ١٠٦.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"سليمان\". وينظر تعجيل المنفعة ٢/ ٥٦٩. ٥٧٠.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"أدنان\". وينظر تعجيل المنفعة ٢/ ٥٦٩ - ٥٧٢، وقال في تاج العروس، ٣٤/ ١٧٠ (أذن): سليمان بن أذنان، مثنى أُذُن.\n(^٦) الوَرِق بكسر الراء: الفضة. النهاية ٤/ ١٧٥.\n(^٧) المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٦٠)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١٢١. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٣٠) من طريق سليمان بن يسير به. وأحمد (٣٩١١) من طريق ابن أذنان به بنحوه. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٥٣): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ قيس بن رومى مجهول، وسليمان بن يسير -ويقال: ابن شتير- متفق على تضعيفه.\n(^٨) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٤٢. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٣: وقيس مجهول، وأبو الصباح مجمع على ضعفه.","vol":"11","page":305},{"text":"وإِسرائيلُ وغَيرُهُم عن سُلَيمِ (^١) بنِ أُذُنانِ، عن [عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ مِن قَولِه (^٣)، ورَواه دَلهَمُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الكِندِىِّ عن] (^٢) عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٤)، ورَواه مَنصورٌ عن إبراهيمَ عن عَلقَمَةَ كان يُقالُ (^٥) ذَلِكَ.\nوروِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مَرفوعًا، ورَفعُه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١١٠٥٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وأنا سألتُه، حدثنا مُعتَمِر قال: قَرأتُه على فُضَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن أبى حَريزٍ، أن إبراهيمَ حَدَّثَه أن الأسوَدَ بنَ يَزيدَ كان يَستَقرِضُ مِن مَولًى لِلنَّخَعِ تاجِرٍ، فإِذا خَرَجَ عَطاؤُه قَضاه، وإِنَّه خَرَجَ عَطاؤُه فقالَ له الأسوَدُ: إن شِئتَ أخَّرتَ عَنّا، فإِنَّه قَد كانَت عَلَينا حُقوقٌ في هذا العَطاءِ. فقالَ له التّاجِرُ: لَستُ فاعِلًا. فنَقَدَه الأسوَدُ خَمسَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، حَتَّى إذا قَبَضَها التّاجِرُ قال له التّاجِرُ: دونَكَ فخُذْها. فقالَ له الأسوَدُ: قَد سألتُ هذا فأبَيتَ. فقالَ له التّاجِرُ: إنِّى سَمِعتُكَ تُحدِّثُ (^٦) عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"مَن أقرَضَ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"سليمان\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٢١.\n(^٢) زيادة من \"م\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤٨)، والطبرانى (٩١٨٠) من طريق دلهم به مطولًا.\n(^٥) في م: \"يقول\". والخبر أخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٧٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٥٠) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"تحدثنا\".","vol":"11","page":306},{"text":"شَيئًا مَرَّتَينِ كان لى مِثلُ أجرِ أحَدِهِما لَو تَصَدَّقَ به\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ أبو حَريزٍ قاضِى سِجِسْتانَ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عائشةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ رَفَعَه قال: \"قَرضُ الشَّئِ خَيرٌ مِن صَدَقَتِهِ\" (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وجَدتُه في المُسنَدِ مَرفوعًا فهِبتُه فقُلتُ: رَفَعَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2445>بابُ ما جاءَ في جَوازِ الاستِقراضِ وحُسنِ النّيَّةِ في قَضائِهِ</span>\n\n١١٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ثَورُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبى الغَيثِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أخَذَ أموالَ النّاسِ يُريدُ أداءَها أدّاها اللهُ عنه، ومَن أخَذَها يُريدُ إتلافَها أتلَفَها (^٤) اللهُ\". رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِىِّ [عن سُلَيمانَ] (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٤٠) من طريق ابن معين به بنحوه.\n(^٢) ينظر ترجمته في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٢، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٤، والثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٢٤، ٢٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٢٠، وتهذيب التهذيب ٥/ ١٨٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٩: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٤: هذا حديث غريب عجيب.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"أتلفه\". والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١١) من طريق ثور بن زيد به مختصرًا، وعندهم بلفظ: أتلفها الله.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٥. وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، والحديث في البخارى (٢٣٨٧).","vol":"11","page":307},{"text":"١١٠٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ الدَّبّاسُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو كان لِى مِثلُ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا لَيَسُرُّنِى (^١) ألَّا تَمُرَّ علىَّ ثَلاثُ لَيالٍ وعِندِى مِنه شَئٌ إلَّا شَئٌ أُرصِدُه (^٢) لِدَينِى (^٣) \". رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ هِندٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُذَيفَةَ، عن مَيمونَةَ أنَّها كانَت تَدّايَنُ، فقيلَ لها: إنَّكِ تَدّانينَ فتُكثِرينَ الدَّينَ وأنتِ موسِرَةٌ! فقالَت: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ ادّانَ دَينًا يَنوِى قَضاءَه كان مَعَه عَونٌ مِنَ اللهِ على ذَلِكَ\". فأنا ألتَمِسُ ذَلِكَ العَونَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سرنى\". وفى الدلائل: \"ما سرنى\"، وفى الشعب: \"لسرنى\".\n(^٢) أرصدته: أعددته. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢٠.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"لدين\". وكذا في حاشية الأصل. والحديث عند المصنف في الشعب (١٠٤٣٢)، ودلائل النبوة ١/ ٣٣٨.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٨٩، ٦٤٤٥).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٢، ٢٣. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥٠٤١) من طريق جرير به بنحوه،=","vol":"11","page":308},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن جَريرٍ (^١)، وبِمَعناه رَواه زائدَةُ عن مَنصورٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ الضَّبِّىُّ وصالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُجَبَّرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها كانَت تَدّايَنُ، فقيلَ لها: ما لَكِ والدَّينِ ولَيسَ عِندَكِ قَضاءٌ؟ فقالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عبدٍ كانَت له نيَّةٌ في أداءِ دَينِه إلَّا كان له مِنَ اللَّهِ عَونٌ\". فأَنا ألتَمِسُ ذَلِكَ العَونَ (^٣).\nوروِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشَةَ:\n\n١١٠٦٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ علىٍّ يقولُ: كانَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - تَدّانُ، فقيلَ لها: ما لَكِ والدَّينِ؟\n_________\n= وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٨) من طريق منصور به بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٦٩).\n(^١) مسند إسحاق بن راهويه (٢٠٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٦٣ من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٢ وصحح إسناده، وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٥٢٢٢) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":309},{"text":"قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عبدٍ كانَت له نيَّةٌ في أداءِ دَينِه إلَّا كان له مِنَ اللهِ ﷿ عَونٌ\". فأنا ألتَمِسُ ذَلِكَ العَونَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَجّاجِ.\nوقيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ على عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ:\n\n١١٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ المُنذِرِ أبو بكرٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُفيانَ الأسلَمِىُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﵎ مَعَ الدّائنِ حَتَّى يَقضِى دَينَه ما لَم يَكُنْ فيما يَكرَهُ اللهُ ﷿\". وكانَ يقولُ لِمَولًى له: خُذْ لَنا بدَينٍ؛ فإِنِّى أكرَهُ أن أبيتَ لَيلَةً إلَّا واللهُ ﷿ مَعِى؛ لِلَّذِى سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nتابَعَه الحُمَيدِىُّ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ وهِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المَخزومِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، أن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٦٢٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٣٩) من طريق القاسم بن الفضل به. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٥: ابن مجبر وهاه أبو زرعة وغيره، وقبله أحمد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٠٩) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٥: سعيد واهٍ. قال ابن المدينى: ذهب حديثه. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٤٤): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٥٧) من طريق الحميدى به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":310},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَسلَفَه مالًا بضعَةَ عَشَرَ ألفًا، فلَمّا رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ حُنَينٍ قَدِمَ عَلَيه مالٌ فقالَ: \"ادعُ لِى ابنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ\". فقالَ له: \"خُذْ ما أسلَفتَ بارَكَ اللهُ لَكَ في مالِكَ ووَلَدِكَ، إنَّما جَزاءُ السَّلَفِ الحَمدُ والوَفاءُ\". قال هِشامٌ: \"الأجرُ والوَفاءُ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَشَّنا فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2446>بابُ ما جاءَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ في الدَّينِ</span>\n\n١١٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن قُتِلتُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنِّى خَطاياي؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن قُتِلتَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ عابِرًا مُحتَسِبًا مُقبِلًا غَيرَ مُدبِرٍ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنكَ خَطاياكَ\". فلَمّا جَلَسَ دَعاه فقالَ: \"كَيفَ قُلتَ؟ \". فأعادَ (^٢) عَلَيه فقالَ: \"إلَّا الدَّينَ، كَذَلِكَ أخبرَنِى جِبريلُ ﵇\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٤٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤١٠)، والنسائي (٤٦٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٢٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به بنحوه دون قوله: \"من غشنا فليس منا\". وابن قانع ٢/ ٩٥، وأبو نعيم في المعرفة (٤١٤٥) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل مقتصرين على قوله: \"من غشنا فليس منا\". قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٥: خرجه النسائي وابن ماجه من حديث سفيان ووكيع عن إسماعيل هذا -قلت: يعنى ابن المخزومى- وهو صدوق.\n(^٢) في م: \"فعاد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٢٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي (٣١٥٦)، وابن حبان (٤٦٥٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والترمذى (١٧١٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبى سعيد به.","vol":"11","page":311},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^١).\n\n١١٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى كَثيرٍ مَولَى محمدِ ابنِ جَحشٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَحشٍ أنَّه قال: كُنّا يَومًا جُلوسًا في مَوضِعِ الجَنائزِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فرَفَعَ رأسَه إلَى السَّماءِ، ثُمَّ وضَعَ راحَتَه على جَبهَتِه وقالَ: \"سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، ماذا أُنزِلَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ! \". فسَكَتنا وفَرِقنا (^٢)، فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ سألتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هذا التَّشديدُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَ؟ قال: \"في الدَّينِ، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا قُتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ، ثُمَّ أُحيِىَ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ مَرَّتَينِ وعَلَيه دَينٌ، ما دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يقضَى عنه دَينُه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فارَقَ الرّوحُ الجَسَدَ وهو بَرِئٌ مِن ثَلاثٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٨٥/ عقب ١١٧).\n(^٢) أي: ذُعِرْنا وفَزِعنا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٣.\n(^٣) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٢٩٨)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٦٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٩٣) من طريق العلاء به بنحوه. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٦٧).","vol":"11","page":312},{"text":"دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ؛ الغُلولِ والدِّينِ والكبْرِ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه هَمّامٌ وأبو عَوانَةَ وغَيزهُما عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٦٩ - حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ،. حدثنا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنِى بكرُ بنُ عمرٍو أن شُعَيبَ بنَ زُرعَةَ أخبَرَه قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ لأصحابِه: \"لا تُخيفوا أنفُسَكُم\". فقيلَ له: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وبِما نُخيفُ أنفُسَنا؟ قال: \"بالدَّينِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ زُرعَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُخيفوا الأنفُسَ بَعدَ أمنِها\".\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٢٧)، والترمذى (١٥٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٢)، وابن حبان (١٩٨) من طريق سعيد به. وعند الترمذى: \"الكنز\" بدلًا من \"الكبر\" وقال عقبة: هكذا قال سعيد: \"الكنز\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٦٩، ٢٢٤٢٨) من طريق همام وأبان وشعبة عن قتادة به. وسيأتى من طريق أبى عوانة في (١٨٢٥٩).\n(^٣) حديث الفاكهى (٢١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٠٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٨٢)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٣٩)، والطبرانى ٣٢٨/ ١٧ (٩٠٦) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به، وينظر ما بعده. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٦: شعيب لم يخرجوا له في السنن، وهو مقل.","vol":"11","page":313},{"text":"قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وما ذاكَ؟ قال: \"الدَّينُ\" (^١).\n\n١١٠٧١ - قال: وأخبَرَنِى بكرُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أن مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ قال: الدَّينُ يُرِقُّ الحُرَّ (^٢). تابَعَه حَيوَةُ عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، إلَّا أنَّه قال: جَعفَرُ بنُ شُرَحبيلٍ (^٣)، وهو جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ بنِ حَسَنَةَ.\n\n١١٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِى، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عَتيقٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَدعو في الصَّلاةِ فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ المأْثَمِ والمَغرَمِ\". قالَت: فقالَ له قائلٌ: ما أكثَرَ ما تَستَعيذُ مِنَ المَغرَمِ! قال: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ إذا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فكَذَبَ ووَعَدَ فأَخلَفَ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ سَختُويَه، رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠٩. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٨٤)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٢٨ (٩٠٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٢١٧: رواه أحمد بإسنادين أحدهما ثقات، ورواه الطبرانى في الكبير.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب ٤/ ٤٠٤ من طريق حيوة به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٩٢٠).","vol":"11","page":314},{"text":"أبى اليَمانِ (^١)، وعن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٢) هَكَذا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الصَّغانِىِّ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ ابنُ الأصبَهانِىِّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ والحُسَينُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطىُّ قالا: حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَت عيرٌ، فابتاعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِنها بَيعًا فرَبحَ أواقٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فتَصَدَّقَ بها بَينَ يَتامَى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ وقالَ: \"لا أشتَرِى ما لَيسَ عِندِى ثَمَنُه\" (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه وكيعٌ عن شَريكٍ (^٥)، ورَواه قُتَيبَةُ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ عن شَريكٍ عن سِماكٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ رَفَعَه (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2447>بابُ ما جاءَ في إنظارِ المُعسِرِ والتَّجَوُّزِ عن الموسِرِ</span>\n\n١١٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٨٣٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٨٩/ ١٢٩).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي وعنده: \"أبو بكر أحمد بن محمد بن أيوب\". وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١٧٤٣) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به بنحوه.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٣)، وأبو داود (٣٣٤٤) من طريق وكيع به بنحوه.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤٤) عن عثمان وقتيبة بن سعيد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٢٦).","vol":"11","page":315},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، أن حُذَيفَةَ حَدَّثَهُم قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَلَقَّتِ المَلائكَةُ رُوحَ رَجُلٍ مِمَّن كان قَبلكُم، فقالوا: أعَمِلتَ مِنَ الخَيرِ شَيئًا؟ قال: لا. قالوا: تَذَكَّرْ. قال: كُنتُ أُدايِنُ النّاسَ، قآمُرُ فِتيانِى أن يُنظِروا المُعسِرَ ويَتَجَوَّزوا عن الموسِرِ\". قال: \"فقالَ اللهُ تَعالَى: تَجَوَّزوا عنه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ماتَ رَجُلٌ، فقيلَ له: ما عَمِلتَ؟ قال: كُنتُ أُبايعُ النّاسَ فأَتَجاوَزُ في السِّكَّةِ (^٣) وأُنظِرُ المُعسِرَ. فدَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\". قال أبو مَسعودٍ البَدرِىُّ: وأنا قَد سَمِعتُه مِنَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١١٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٦٨). وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٥٨٨) عن أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٠٧٧)، ومسلم (١٥٦٠/ ٢٦).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \" المسألة\". والسكة: هى الدراهم والدنانير المضروبة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٨٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٨٤) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٣٩١)، ومسلم (١٥٦٠/ ٢٨).","vol":"11","page":316},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيتم الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَوسَقانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُوسِبَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّن كان قَبلَكُم فلَم يوجَدْ له مِنَ الخَيرِ شَئٌ إلَّا أنَّه كان رَجُلًا موسِرًا يُخالِطُ النّاسَ فيقولُ لِغِلمانِه: تَجاوَزوا عن المُعسِرِ. فقالَ اللهُ لِمَلائكَتِه: فنَحنُ أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ، فتَجاوَزوا عنه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى بكرٍ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما (^٢).\n\n١١٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أن عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كان رَجُلٌ يُدايِنُ النّاسَ، فإِذا أعسَرَ المُعسِرُ قال لِفَتاه: تَجاوَزْ عنه؛ فلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَتَجاوَزُ عَنّا. فلَقِى اللهَ فَتَجاوَزَ عنه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١١٢٤٣) عن أبى إسحاق وحده، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٤٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٣)، والترمذى (١٣٠٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٤٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٦١/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٤٦) من طريق ابن وهب به، وأحمد (٧٥٧٩)، والنسائي (٤٧٠٩) من طريق الزهرى به بنحوه.","vol":"11","page":317},{"text":"ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخرَينِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^١).\n\n١١٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الآجُرِّىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ المُهَلَّبِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ أن أبا قَتادَةَ طَلَبَ غَريمًا له فتَوارَى عنه، ثُمَّ وجَدَه فقالَ: إنِّى مُعسِر. فقالَ: [آللهِ؟ قال: أللهِ] (^٢). قال أبو قَتادَةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن سَرَّه أن يُنْجِيَه اللهُ مِن كُرَب يَومِ القيامَةِ، فليُنظِرْ مُعسِرًا، أو ليَضَعْ عنه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ خِداشٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ أبى حَزْرَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خرجتُ (^٥) أنا وأبِى نَطلُبُ العِلمَ في هذا الحَىِّ مِنَ الأنصارِ قَبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٦٢/ عقب ٣١)، والبخارى (٢٠٧٨، ٣٤٨٠).\n(^٢) قال النووى: الأول بهمزة ممدودة على الاستفهام، والثانى بلا مد، والهاء فيهما مكسورة، هذا هو المشهور، قال القاضي: رويناه بكسرها وفتحها معًا قال: وأكثر أهل العربية لا يجيزون غير كسرها. صحح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٥. وينظر إكمال المعلم ٨/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٨١٤)، وأبو عوانة (٥٢٣٦) من طريق خالد بن خداش به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٦٣/ ٣٢).\n(^٥) في م: \"خرجنا\".","vol":"11","page":318},{"text":"يَهلِكوا، فكانَ أوَّلَ مَن (^١) لَقِيَنا أبو اليَسَرِ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه غُلامٌ له ومَعَه ضِمامَةٌ (^٢) مِن صُحُفٍ، وعَلَى أبى اليَسَرِ [بُردَةٌ مَعافِرِىٌّ] (^٣)، وعَلَى غُلامِه بُردَةٌ ومَعافِرِىٌّ، فقالَ له أبى: يا عَمِّ إنِّى أرَى في وجهِكَ سَفْعَةً (^٤) مِن غَضَبٍ. قال: أجَل كان لِى على فُلانِ بنِ فُلانِ الحَرامِىِّ (^٥) مالٌ، فأتَيتُ أهلَه فسَلَّمتُ فقُلتُ: ثَمَّ هوَ؟ قالوا: لا. فخَرَجَ علىَّ ابنٌ له صَغيرٌ فقُلتُ: أينَ أبوكَ؟ قال: سَمِعَ صَوتَكَ فدَخَلَ أريكَةَ (^٦) أُمِّى. فقُلتُ: اخرُجْ إلَىَّ فقَد عَلِمتُ أينَ أنتَ. فخَرَجَ، فقُلتُ: ما حَمَلَكَ على أن اختَبأتَ مِنِّى؟ قال: أنا واللَّهِ أُحَدِّثُكَ. ثُمَّ قال: لا أكذِبُكَ، خَشيتُ واللهِ أن أُحَدِّثَكَ فأكذِبَكَ، وأن أعِدَكَ فأُخلِفَكَ، وكُنتَ (^٧) صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وكُنتُ واللهِ مُعسِرًا. قال: قُلتُ: آللهِ؟\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، م: \"ما\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٢) ضمامة: أي حزمة. النهاية ٣/ ١٠١.\n(^٣) قال النووى: البردة شملة مخططة. وقيل: كساء مربع فيه صغر يلبسه الأعراب، وجمعه البرد. والمعافرى بفتح الميم: نوع من الثياب يعمل بقرية تسمى معافر. وقيل: هى نسبة إلى قبيلة نزلت تلك القرية، والميم فيه زائدة. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٤.\n(^٤) سفعة: بفتح السين وضمها لغتان؛ أي علامة وتغير. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٤.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"الحزامى\". قال القاضي: الحزامى كذا للطبرى وعند ابن ما كان الجذامى بضم الجيم وقال معجمه وعند أكثر الرواة الحرامى بفتح الحاء والراء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٦) الأريكة: كل ما اتُّكِئ عليه من سرير أو فِراش أو مِنَصَّة. النهاية ١/ ٤٠، والمعجم الكبير ١/ ٢١٦ (أ ر ك).\n(^٧) ضبطها في الأصل بضم التاء، وفى الحاشية بفتحها.","vol":"11","page":319},{"text":"قال: أللهِ. قال: قُلتُ: آللهِ. قال: أللهِ. قال: قُلتُ: آللهِ. قال: أللَّهِ. قال: فأتَى بصَحيفَتِه ثُمَّ مَحاها بيَدِه وقالَ: إن وجَدتَ قَضاءً فاقضِنِى، وإلَّا أنتَ في حِلٍّ، فأشهَدُ بَصَرُ عَينَىَّ (^١) هاتَينِ -ووَضَعَ إصبَعَيه على عَينَيه- وسَمْعُ أُذُنَىَّ (^١) هاتَينِ، ووَعاه قَلبِى هذا -وأشارَ إلَى نِياطِ (^٢) قَلبِه- رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ: \"مَن أنظَرَ مُعسِرًا أو وضَعَ له، أظَلَّه اللهُ في ظِلِّه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جُحادَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن بُرَيدَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أنظَرَ مُعسِرًا فإن له بكُلِّ يَومٍ مِثلَه صَدَقَةً\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بكُلِّ يَومٍ صَدَقَةٌ؟ ثُمَّ قُلتُ له: بكُلِّ يَومٍ مِثلُه صَدَقَةً؟ فقالَ له: \"بكُلِّ يَومٍ صَدَقَةٌ ما لَم يَحِلَّ الدَّينُ؛ فإذا حَلَّ الدَّينُ فإِن أنظرَه بَعدَ الحِلِّ فلَه بكُلِّ يَومٍ مِثلُه صَدَقَةً\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى: بصر عينى هاتين، وسمع أذنى هاتين: هو بفتح الصاد ورفع الراء، وبإسكان ميم سمع ورفع العين، هذه رواية الأكثرينَ. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ١٣٥.\n(^٢) نياط القلب: وهو العرق الذى القلب مُعَلَّق به. النهاية ٥/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٤٤) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٠٦/ ٧٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٤٦) من طريق عبد الوارث به بنحوه. قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٢٨: وهذا إسناد صحيح ولم يخرجوه.","vol":"11","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2448>بابُ ما جاءَ في الإنظارِ إذا كان المالُ لِليَتامَى</span>\n\n١١٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ ابنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن نبيحٍ العَنَزِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى المُشرِكينَ ليُقاتِلَهُم. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِ أبيه واشتِدادِ الغُرَماءِ عَلَيه في التَّقاضِى قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ادعُ لِى فُلانًا\". الغَريمُ الَّذِى اشتَدَّ علىَّ في التَّقاضِى فقالَ: \"أنسِئْ (^١) جابِرًا بَعضَ دَينِكَ الَّذِى على أبيه إلَى هذا الصِّرامِ (^٢) المُقبِلِ\". قال: ما أنا بفاعِلٍ. واعتَلَّ؛ قال: إنَّما هو مالُ يَتامَى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأينَ جابِرٌ؟ \". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَضاءِ الدَّينِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2449>بابُ السُّهولَةِ والسَّماحَةِ في الشِّراءِ والبَيعِ، ومَن طَلَبَ حَقًّا فليَطلُبْه في عَفافٍ</span>\n\n١١٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"رَحِمَ اللهُ عبدًا سَمحًا إذا باعَ، سَمحًا إذا اشتَرَى،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"أنس\". وأنسئ: أي أخر. النهاية ٥/ ٤٤.\n(^٢) الصِّرام: زمن قطع ثمر النخل. فتح البارى ٩/ ٥٦٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٨١) من طريق أبى عوانة به مطولًا. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٣٦: هو في الصحيح وغيره باختصار. رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح خلا نبيح العنزى، وهو ثقة.","vol":"11","page":321},{"text":"سَمحًا إذا اقتضى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عَيّاشٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورىُّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبِرقانِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"غَفَرَ اللهُ لِرَجُلٍ كان قَبلكم كان سَهلًا إذا باعَ، سَهلًا إذا اشتَرَى، سَهلًا إذا قَضَى، سَهلًا إذا اقتَضَى\" (^٣).\n\n١١٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن طَلَبَ حقًّا فليَطلُبْ في عَفافٍ وافٍ أو غَيرِ وافٍ\" (^٤) (*).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"قضى\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (١١٨)، وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٠٣) من طريق على ابن عياش به. وابن ماجه (٢٢٠٣) من طريق أبى غسان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٧٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٧٠)، والأربعون الصغرى (١١٩) عن أبى الحسن وحده. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٢٠) عن الدورى به، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب. وأحمد (١٤٦٥٨) عن عبد الوهاب ابن عطاء به.\n(^٤) الحا كم ٢/ ٣٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠٨٠) من طريق ابن أبى مريم به. وسيأتى قى (١١٣٩٨) قفير قوله: \"بعفاف واف أو غير واف\".\n(*) إلى هنا ينتهى الخرم في المخطوطة \"س\" المشار إليه في (١٠٣٢٤)، ويبدأ بعده الجزء السادس.","vol":"11","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2450>بابُ تِجارَة الوَصِىِّ بمالِ اليَتيمِ أو إقراضِهِ</span>\n\n١١٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالِينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابن عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ على القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى طَيْبَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ يَعنِى أبا يوسُفَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ علىٍّ يَعنِى أبا أيُّوبَ الأفريقِىَّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ولى ليَتيمٍ مالًا فليتَّجِرْ به ولا يَدَعْه حَتَّى تأكُلَه الصَّدَقَةُ\" (^١). وقَد رُوِّيناه في كِتاب الزَّكاةِ عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاح عن عمرِو بنِ شُعيبٍ (^٢). وروِى عن مَنْدَلِ بنِ علىٍّ عن أبى إسحاق الشَّيبانِىِّ عن عمرٍو (^٣)، والصَّحيح رِوايَةُ حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: ابتَغوا بأموالِ اليَتامَى، لا تأكُلُها الصَّدَقَةُ (^٤). وقَد رُوِّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ عن عُمَرَ (^٥). ورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١١٠٨٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيغ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٠٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٤١٤).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٧٤١٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٤١٥).\n(^٥) في الأصل، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"عمرو\". وفى حاشية الأصل: في أصل المؤلف بخطه \"عن عمر\" مضبوطًا والله أعلم. وينظر (٧٤١٦) وينظر ما سيأتى.","vol":"11","page":323},{"text":"يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ابتَغوا في مالِ اليَتيمِ -أو: في مالِ اليتامَى- لا تُذهِبُها -أو: لا تَستَهلِكُها- الصَّدَقَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١١٠٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرٍو وهو ابنُ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ السّائبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: ابتَغوا في أموالِ اليَتامَى، لا تَستَهلِكُها الصَّدَقَةُ (^٢).\n\n١١٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ ابنُ الفَضلِ الحُدّانِىُّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى (^٣) الحَكَمُ بنُ أبى العاصِ قال: قال لِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: هَل قِبَلَكُم (^٤) مُتَّجَرٌ؟ فإِنَّ عِندِى مالَ يَتيمٍ قَد كادَتِ الزَّكاةُ أن تأتِى عَلَيه. قال: قُلتُ له: نَعَم. قال: فدَفَعَ إلَىَّ عَشْرَةَ آلافٍ فغِبتُ عنه ما شاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ إلَيه، فقالَ لِى: ما فعَلَ المالُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: هو ذا قَد بَلَغَ مِائَةَ ألفٍ. قال: رُدَّ عَلَينا مالَنا، لا حاجَةَ لَنا بهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٤١٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٦٣). وأخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ٢٩ من طريق عمرو بن دينار عن عمر ليس فيه: عبد الرحمن بن السائب. وعندهما: \"الزكاة\". بدلًا من: \"الصدقة\".\n(^٣) بعده في ز: \"موسى بن\".\n(^٤) في ص ٦: \"عندكم\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٦١). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٠٤) من طريق القاسم بن الفضل عن معاوية. قال أبو عبيد: أحسبه عن أبيه عن ابن أبى العاص.","vol":"11","page":324},{"text":"١١٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وعَبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ أبى المُخارِقِ، كُلُّهُم يُخبِرُه عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ تُزَكِّى أموالَنا وإِنَّها لَيُتَّجَرُ بها في البحرَينِ (^١).\n\n١١٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَستَسلِفُ أموالَ يَتامَى عِندَه؛ لأنَّه كان يَرَى أنَّه أحرَزُ له مِنَ الوَضعِ (^٢). قال: وكانَ يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَه [مِن أموالِهِم] (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2451>بابٌ: يَشتَرِى له بمالِه العَقارَ إذا رأى فيه غِبطَةً</span>\n\n١١٠٩١ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان عِندَه مالُ يَتيمَينِ، فجَعَلَ يُزَكّيه فقُلتُ: يا أبَتاه لا تَتَّجِرُ فيه ولا تَضرِبُ ما أسرَعَ هذه فيه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩٨٤) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه، وفى (٦٩٨٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٠٢٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (٧٤٢٠) من طريق القاسم دون ذكر الاتجار.\n(^٢) الوضع: الخسارة. ينظر التاج ٢٢/ ٣٣٩ (وض ع).\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٥.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٦٦)، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١١٠) من طريق عبيد الله به. وتقدم في (٧٤٢١) من طريق نافع عن ابن عمر أنه كان يزكى مال اليتيم.","vol":"11","page":325},{"text":"قال: لأُزَكّيَنَّه ولَو لَم يَبقَ إلا دِرهَمٌ. قال: ثُمَّ اشتَرَى لَهُما به دارًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2452>بابٌ: لا يَشتَرِى مِن مالِه لِنَفسِه إذا كان وصيًّا</span>\n\n١١٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا الشَّيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن صِلَةَ بنِ زُفَرَ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن هَمْدانَ على فرَسٍ أبلَقَ، فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أشتَرِى هذا؟ قال: وما له؟ قال: إنَّ صاحِبَه أوصَى إلَىَّ. قال: لا تَشتَرِهِ، ولا تَستَقرِضْ مِن مالِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2453>باب: يَشتَرِى مِن مالِه لِنَفسِه مِن نَفسِه إذا كان أبًا أو جَدًّا مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ</span>\n\n١١٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ. قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا [محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^٣) بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"دابة\".\nوالحديث عند البغوى في الجعديات (٢٧٧٦).\n(^٢) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٥٥٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٧٩) - ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٧٢٤) - وسعيد بن منصور (٣٢٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٣٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمى ٤/ ٢١٤ في إسناد الطبرانى: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) في ز: \"أحمد بن محمد\" وفى حاشيتها: في نسخة: \"محمد بن أحمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٩٣، ٤٩٤.","vol":"11","page":326},{"text":"وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ قال: ماتَتِ امرأةٌ لِخالٍ لِى وتَرَكَت خادِمًا (^١) وأولادًا صِغارًا، فقالَ سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: لا بأسَ أن يُقَوِّمَ الأبُ أنصَباءَ ولَدِه ويَطأَها (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: يُقَوِّمُ ويَشتَرِى مِن نَفسِه فيَصيرُ لَه.\n\n١١٠٩٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: وحَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ قال: قُلتُ لأزهَرَ: حَدَّثَكَ ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ قال: إذا أرادَ الرَّجُل أن يأخُذَ جاريَةَ ولَدِه. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^٣).\n\n١١٠٩٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن وكيعٍ، حدثنا أبو سُفيانَ ابنُ العَلاءِ قال: سألتُ الحَسَنَ وطاوُسًا فقالا: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١١٠٩٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن موسَى بنِ سعيدٍ أن جَدّتَه ماتَت عِندَ أبى بَرزةَ (^٥)، فأفتَوا (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية ز: في نسخة: أي جارية. وفى حاشية م: هامش (ر) ما لفظه: قلت: أي جارية. وفي المصباح المنير ص ٦٣ خدمه يخدمه خدمة فهو خادم، غلامًا كان أو جارية.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧١١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٤٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة عقب (٢٢٧١٣)، وليس فيه ذكر أزهر. بل قال: قلت: حدثك ابن عون.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧١٢).\n(^٥) في م: \"بردة\".\n(^٦) في نسخة من نسخ الأصل: \"فأتوا\".","vol":"11","page":327},{"text":"أبا بَرزَةَ ببَيعِ (^١) بَعضِ جَواريها. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2454>بابُ الوَلِّى أيأكُلُ مِن مالِ اليَتيمِ مَكانَ قيامِه عَلَيه بالمَعروفِ إذا كان فقيًرا</span>\n\n١١٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ٦]. قالَت: إنَّما نَزَلَت في والِى مالِ اليَتيمِ إذا كان فقيرًا أنَّه يأكُلُ مِنه مَكانَ قيامِه عَلَيه بالمَعروفِ (^٣).\n\n١١٠٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِشامٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: أُنزِلَت في والِى مالِ اليَتيمِ الَّذِى يَقومُ عَلَيه ويُصلِحُه إذا كان مُحتاجًا أن يأكُلَ مِنه (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٥)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"يبيع\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧١٣). وعنده: \"فاقتوى أبو بردة بعض جواريها\". ولم يذكر غير ذلك.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق (١١٦٠)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٨٧) من طريق ابن نمير به. والبخارى (٢٢١٢)، ومسلم (٣٠١٩/ ١١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٥٦٩). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٩٥١)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٢٣)، وابن أبى داود في مسند عائشة (٤١) من طريق عبدة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢١٢، ٤٥٧٥)، ومسلم (٣٠١٩/. . .).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٠١٩/ ١٠).","vol":"11","page":328},{"text":"١١٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ العُمَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الضُّبَعِىُّ، عن أبى عامِرٍ الخَزّازِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ: [قال: رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^١)، مِمّ أضرِبُ مِنه يَتيمِى؟ فقالَ: \"مِمّا كُنتَ ضارِبًا منه ولَدَكَ، غَيرَ واقٍ مالَكَ بمالِه ولا مُتأثِّلٍ مِن مالِه مالًا\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه.\n\n١١١٠٠ - والمَحفوظُ ما، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وسُفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ (^٣) أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مِمِّ أضرِبُ مِنه يَتيمِى؟ قال: \"مِمّا كُنتَ مِنه ضارِبًا ولَدَكَ\". قال: أفأصُيبُ مِن مالِهِ؟ قال: \"غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ مالًا، ولا واقٍ مالَكَ بمالِه\" (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١١٠١ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ز، ص ٥: \"قال قال رسول الله\". وفى ص ٦: \"قال سألت رسول الله\". وفى م: \"قلت لرسول الله\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو الموافق للكامل لابن عدى وابن حبان.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٢٦٣)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٣٩٠. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٢٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن على العمرى به.\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"البصرى\".\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٥٧٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن المبارك في البر والصلة (٢١٠)، وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٤٨ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٢٥ - من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٧١) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.","vol":"11","page":329},{"text":"مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنَّ في حَجرِى أموالَ يَتامَى. وهو يَستأذِنُه أن يُصيبَ مِنها، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ألَستَ تَبغِى ضالَّتَها؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: ألَستَ تَهنأُ (^١) جَرباها؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: ألَستَ تَلوطُ حياضَها؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: ألَستَ تَفرِطُ عَلَيها (^٢) يَومَ وردِها؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: فأصِبْ مِن رِسلِها. يَعنِى مِن لَبَنِها (^٣).\n\n١١١٠٢ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رَجُلًا سألَه فقالَ: إنَّ في حَجرِى يَتيمًا أفأشرَبُ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ؟ قال: إن كُنتَ تَرُدُّ نادَّتَها وتَلوطُ حَوضَها، وتَهنأُ جَرباها فاشرَبْ، غَيرَ مُضِرٍّ بنَسلٍ، ولا ناهِكٍ في حَلَبٍ (^٤).\n\n١١١٠٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يَضَعُ الوَصِىُّ يَدَه مَعَ أيديهِم، ولا يَلبَسُ العِمامَةَ فما فوقَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) يقال: هنأت البعير إذا طليته بالقطران، والهناء القطران. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٢) يقال: فرط يفرِط، فهو فارط وفرط إذا تقدم وسبق القوم ليرتاد لهم الماء، ويهيئ لهم الدلاء والأرشية. النهاية ٣/ ٤٣٤.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٤٦، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٥٧١ - تفسير). وأخرجه إبراهيم الحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٦٠٤ من طريق ابن عيينة به. والثورى في تفسيره ص ٩١ - وعنه عبد الرزاق ١/ ١٤٧، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٢٠، ٤٢١ - ومالك ٢/ ٩٣٤، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٨٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٥٧٠ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٨٥). وأخرجه=","vol":"11","page":330},{"text":"١١١٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: يأكُلُ مالَ اليَتيمِ بأصابِعِه، ولا يَزيدُ على ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١١١٠٥ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِ الله ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾. قال: إن كان فقيرًا فليَضرِبْ بيَدِه مَعَ أيديهِم فليأكُلْ، ولا يُكْسَى (^٢) عِمامَةً فما فوقَها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2455>بابُ مَن قال: يَقضيه إذا أيسَرَ</span>\n\n١١١٠٦ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن اليرفا (^٣) قال: قال لِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ:\n_________\n= ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٧٥) من طريق جرير به بمعناه.\n(^١) الثورى في تفسيره ص ٨٩، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤١٧. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤١٧ أيضًا من طريق الأشجعى، وعندهما: السدى عمن سمع ابن عباس. وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٢٥) من طريق السدى به. بلفظ: يأكل بالثلاث أصابع.\n(^٢) في النسخ \"يكتسى\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"البراء\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. وذكر النووى في تهذيب الأسماء واللغات الجزء=","vol":"11","page":331},{"text":"إنِّى أنزَلتُ نَفسِى مِن مالِ اللهِ بمَنزِلَةِ والِى اليَتيمِ؛ إنِ احتَجتُ أخَذْتُ مِنه، فإِذا أيسَرتُ رَدَدتُه، وإِنِ استَغنَيتُ استَعفَفتُ (^١).\n\n١١١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾. قال: يأكُلُ والِى اليَتيمِ مِن مالِ اليَتيمِ قُوتَه، ويَلبَسُ مِنه ما يَستُرُه، ويَشرَبُ فضلَ اللَّبَنِ، ويَركَبُ فضلَ الظَّهرِ، فإِن أيسَرَ قَضَى، وإِن أعسَرَ كان في حِلٍّ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن عَبيدَةَ ومُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وأبِى العاليَةِ أنَّهُم قالوا: يَقضيه. ورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ: لا يَقضيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2456>بابُ الوَلِّى يَخلِطُ مالَه بمالِ اليَتيمِ وهو يُريدُ إصلاحَ مالِه بمالِ نَفسِهِ</span>\n\n١١١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا\n_________\n= الثانى من القسم الأول ص ١٦٠ أن الصحيح المشهور أنه غير مهموز.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠١٢). وسيأتى في (١٣١٤٢) وفيه أيضًا: اليرفا.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٧.\n(^٣) ينظر الآثار عن هؤلاء في تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٧، وتفسير الثورى ص ٨٨، ٨٩، وتفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ١٤٧، ١٤٨، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٥٧٣ - ٥٧٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٧٢ - =","vol":"11","page":332},{"text":"إسرائيلُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما نَزَلَت: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٢]. عَزَلوا أموالَهُم عن أموالِ اليَتامَى، فجَعَلَ الطَّعامُ يَفسُدُ، واللَّحمُ يُنْتِنُ، فشَكَوا ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٠]. قال: فخالَطوهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2457>بابُ ما جاءَ في مُدايَنَةِ العَبدِ</span>\n\n١١١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن أبى وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وعَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن باعَ عبدًا ولَه مالٌ، فلَه مالُه وعَلَيه دَينُه، إلا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ، ومَن أبَّرَ نَخلًا فباعَه بعدَ تَوبيرِه، فلَه ثَمَرَتُه إلا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢).\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- العَبدَ المأذونَ له في التِّجارَةِ إذا كان في يَدِه مالٌ وفيه دَينٌ يَتَعَلَّقُ به، فالسَّيِّدُ يأخُذُ مالَه ويَقضِى مِنه دينَه.\n\n١١١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ وعثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n= ٢١٦٧٤، ٢١٦٧٧).\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٥٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٨٧٠).","vol":"11","page":333},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ التّابِعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: كانوا يَقولونَ: دَينُ المَملوكِ في ذِمَّتِه، وما أصابَ مِن أموالِ النّاسِ سِوَى الدَّينِ؛ مِثلَ الشَّئِ يَختَلِسُه، أوِ المالِ يَغتَصِبُه، أوِ البَعيرِ يَنحَرُه، فذَلِكَ كُلُّه بمَنزِلَةِ الجُرحِ يَجرَحُه، إمّا أن يَفديَه سَيِّدُه، وإِمّا أن يُسَلِّمَ عبدَه.","vol":"11","page":334},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2458>جماعُ أبوابِ بَيعِ الكِلابِ وغَيرِها مِمّا لا يَحِلُّ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2459>بابُ النَّهىِ عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ</span>\n\n١١١١١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانيُّ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ، ومَهرِ البَغِىِّ، وحُلوانِ الكاهِنِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١١١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"الحافظ\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٧١) وليس عنده: محمد بن عبد السلام، وفي المعرفة (٣٥٤٥) عن أبي زكريا وآخرين بالإسناد الأول، والشافعي ٣/ ١١، ٧/ ٢٢١، ومالك ٢/ ٦٥٦ وتقدم في (١٢٠١)، وسيأتى في (١٥٨٨٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٢٣٧)، ومسلم (١٥٦٧/ ٣٩).","vol":"11","page":335},{"text":"أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي واشتَرَى غُلامًا حَجّامًا فعَمَدَ إلَى المَحاجِمِ (^١) فكَسَرَها، وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الدَّمِ، وعن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ، ومَهرِ البَغِىِّ، ولَعَنَ آكِلَ الرِّبا ومُؤكِلَه، والواشِمَةَ والمُستَوشِمَةَ، ولَعَنَ المُصوِّرَ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى (^٤) وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ وحَمدانُ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قارِظٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَسبُ الحَجّامِ خَبيثٌ، وكَسبُ البَغيِّ خَبيثٌ، وثَمَنُ الكَلبِ خَبيثٌ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المحاجم: جمع محجم أو محجمة، وهي ما يحجم به. التاج ٣١/ ٤٤٤ (ح ج م).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٥٦)، وأبو داود (٣٤٨٣)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥٢) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى في (١٩٥٣٠) من طربق شعبة.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٨٦، ٢٢٣٨، ٥٣٤٧، ٥٩٤٥، ٥٩٦٢).\n(^٤) في ز: \"نمير\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٢٧٤، ٢٧٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٢٧)، والترمذي (١٢٧٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وأبو داود (٣٤٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٨٦)، وابن حبان (٥١٥٢) من طريق يحيى به. وعند النسائي عبد الله بن إبراهيم بن قارظ. وسيأتى في (١٩٥٣١، ١٩٥٣٢).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٦٨/ ...).","vol":"11","page":336},{"text":"١١١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ دَنُوقا، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ حَبْتَرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ثَمَنِ الخَمرِ (^١)، ومَهرِ البَغِىِّ، وثَمَنِ الكَلبِ، وقالَ: \"إذا جاء يَطلُبُ ثَمَنَ الكَلبِ فاملأْ كَفَّيهِ تُرابًا\" (^٢).\nرَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن أبي تَوبَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\n\n١١١١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَعروفُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ الجُذامِىُّ، أن عُلىَّ بنَ رَباحٍ اللَّخمِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ ثَمَنُ الكَلبِ، ولا حُلوانُ الكاهِنِ، ولا مَهرُ البَغِيِّ\" (^٤).\n\n١١١١٦ - وأمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مالكٍ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ: نُهِىَ عن مَهرِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"الدم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٧٣) من طريق زكريا بن عدى به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٨٢). وصحح إسناده الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٧٣).\n(^٤) ابن وهب (١٣)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٤٨٤)، والنسائي (٤٣٠٤). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٧٥).","vol":"11","page":337},{"text":"البَغِيِّ، وعَسْبِ الفَحلِ، وعن ثَمَنِ السِّنَّورِ، وعن الكَلبِ إلا كَلبَ صَيدٍ (^١).\nفهَكَذا رَواه قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عَطاءٍ مِن هذا الوَجهِ عنه، ورِوايَةُ حَمّادٍ عن قَيسٍ فيها نَظَرٌ.\nورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ والمُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ عن عَطاءٍ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثٌ كُلُّهُنَّ سُحتٌ\". فذَكَرَ كَسبَ الحَجّامِ، ومَهرَ البَغِيِّ، وثَمَنَ الكَلبِ إلا كَلبًا ضاريًا (^٢). والوَليدُ والمُثَنَّى ضَعيفانِ (^٣).\n\n١١١١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَزيدَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نُهِىَ عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ والسِّنَّورِ، إلا كَلبَ صَيدٍ.\nفَهَكَذا رَواه عبدُ الواحِدِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُوَيدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن حَمّادٍ، ثُمَّ قال: ولَم يَذكُرْ حَمّادٌ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٤١) من طريق حماد، وفيه: عن أبي هريرة عن رسول الله -ﷺ- ... بمعناه ليس فيه: عسب الفحل. وأحمد (١٠٤٨٩) وفيه: عن النبي -ﷺ- أنه نهى ....\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٢، ٧٣ من طريق الوليد والمثنى به.\n(^٣) الوليد بن عبيد الله بن أبي رباح. ينظر ترجمته في: الجرح والعديل ٩/ ٩، والثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٥٤٩ وفيه: الوليد بن عبيد بن أبي رباح، والضعفاء لابن الجوزي ٣/ ١٨٥، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٣٨٥، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٢٣ وفيه ابن عبد الله. والمثنى تقدم في (٦٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٣٠٦، ٤٦٨٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٨٣ من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٠٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٣ من طريق سويد به.","vol":"11","page":338},{"text":"ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى عن حَمّادٍ بالشَّكِّ في ذِكرِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فيه (^١).\nورَواه الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ عن حَمّادٍ فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٤).\nوالأحاديثُ الصِّحاحُ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في النَّهىِ عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ خاليَةٌ عن هذا الاستِثناءِ، وإِنَّما الاستِثناءُ في الأحاديثِ الصِّحاحِ في النَّهىِ عن الاقتِناءِ، ولَعَلَّه شُبِّهَ على مَن ذَكَرَ في حَديثِ النَّهىِ عن ثَمَنِه مِن هَؤُلاءِ الرُّواةِ الَّذينَ هُم دونَ الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١١١٨ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِيِّ، عن بَعضِ مَن كان يُناظِرُه في هذه المَسألَةِ فقالَ: أخبرَنِى بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبي أنَسٍ، أن عثمانَ أغرَمَ رَجُلًا ثَمَنَ كَلبٍ قَتَلَه عِشرينَ بَعيرًا (^٥). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقُلتُ له: أرأيتَ لَو ثَبَتَ هذا عن عثمانَ كُنتَ لَم تَصنَعْ شَيئًا في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٣ من طريق عببيد الله بن موسى به بغير شك.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٧٣ من طريق الهيثم بن جميل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤١١)، وأبو يعلى (١٩١٩)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٧٣ من طريق الحسن به. وعندهم: إلا المعلم. وعند أحمد بذكر الكلب فقط.\n(^٤) هو الحسن بن أبي جعفر الجفرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٧٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في العلل (٢٧٥٣، ٢٧٥٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"11","page":339},{"text":"احتِجاجِكَ على شَئٍ ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- والثّابِتُ عن عثمانَ خِلافُه. قال: فاذكُرْه. قُلتُ: أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ عن يونُسَ عن الحَسَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ يَخطُبُ وهو يأمُرُ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فكَيفَ يأمُرُ بقَتلِ ما يَغرَمُ مَن قَتَلَه قيمَتَه؟! (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن عثمانَ -﵁- في تَضمينِ الكَلبِ مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه ذَكَرَه عن عثمانَ في قِصَةٍ (^٣) ذَكَرَها مُنقَطِعَةٍ.\nورُوِىَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ:\n\n١١١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه قَضَى في كَلبِ صَيدٍ قَتَلَه رَجُلٌ بأربَعينَ دِرهَمًا، وقَضَى في كَلبِ ماشيَةٍ بكَبشٍ (^٤). هذا مَوقوفٌ، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ لا يَرَونَ له سَماعًا مِن عمرٍو، قال البخاريُّ: لَم يَسمَعْه (^٥).\n\n١١١٢٠ - قال الشيخُ: ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَستاسَ -ولَيسَ بالمَشهورِ (^٦) -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠١٦٧) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٥١)، والأم ٣/ ١٢.\n(^٣) في م: \"قضية\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٥٨ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) ذكره الترمذى في العلل ص ١٠٨.\n(^٦) ينظر مصادر ترجمته في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٦٤، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٢٥.","vol":"11","page":340},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قُضىَ في كَلبِ الصَّيدِ أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا، وفِي كَلبِ الغَنَمِ شاةٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ، وفِي كَلبِ الزَّرعِ بفَرَقٍ مِن طَعامٍ، وفِي كَلبِ الدّارِ فرَقٌ مِن تُرابٍ، حَقٌّ على الَّذِى قَتَلَه أن يُعطيَه، وحَقٌّ على صاحِبِ الكَلبِ أن يَقبَلَ مَعَ نَقْصٍ مِنَ الأجرِ. أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١١١٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا البخاريُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن إسماعيلَ هو ابنُ جَستاسَ، أنَّ (^٢) عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو قَضَى في كَلبِ الصَّيدِ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا.\nقال البخاريُّ: وهَذا حَديثٌ لَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: والصَّحيحُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو خِلافُ هَذا:\n\n١١١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا جَدِّى أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا حُصَينٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ ومَهرِ البَغِيِّ وأجرِ الكاهِنِ وكَسبِ الحَجّامِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٣ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"أنه سمع\".\n(^٣) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٣. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٥١) قال: وروينا بإسناد صحيح عن مجاهد.","vol":"11","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2460>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَتلِ الكِلابِ</span>\n\n١١١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بقتَلِ الكِلابِ (^١).\n\n١١١٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١١١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ بالمَدينَةِ، فأُخبِرَ بامرأةٍ لَها كَلبٌ في ناحيَةِ المَدينَةِ، فأرسَلَ إلَيها فقُتِلَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٤٨)، والشافعي ٣/ ١١، ومالك ٢/ ٩٦٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٠٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (٥٦٤٨) زاد النسائي: غير ما استثنى منها. وأخرجه مسلم (١٥٧٠/ ٤٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) ينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٣٢٣)، ومسلم (١٥٧٠/ ٤٣).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦١٠)، وعنه أحمد (٦٣٣٥). وأخرجه مسلم (١٥٧٠/ ٤٥) من طريق نافع به. بمعناه.","vol":"11","page":342},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2461>بابُ ما جاءَ فيما يَحلُّ اقتِناؤُه مِنَ الكِلابِ</span>\n\n١١١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدٍ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال (^١): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبْو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ ماشيَةٍ أو ضاريًا، نَقَصَ مِن عَمَلِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطانِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: \"ضارِى (^٢) \". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١١١٢٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"أبو بكر ابن الحسن قالا\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل ففيها ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: وأبو بكر ابن الحسن قالا. وكتب: قال\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ضارية\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٤٦)، والشافعي ٣/ ١١، ومالك ٢/ ٩٦٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٨٧)، والنسائي (٤٢٩٧)، وابن حبان (٥٦٥٣) من طريق نافع به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٨٢)، ومسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٠).","vol":"11","page":343},{"text":"ماشيَةٍ، نَقَصَ مِن أجرِه كُلَّ يَومِ قيراطانِ\" (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وقالَ: \"إلا كَلبَ صَيدٍ أو ماشيَةٍ\" (^٢)\n\n١١١٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١١١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بخُراسانَ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِىُّ بالعِراقِ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَمزَةَ العُمَرِىِّ، أخبرَنا سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ ماشيَةٍ أو كَلبًا ضاريًا نَقَصَ مِن عَمَلِه كُلَّ يَوم قيراطٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ عن مَروانَ وقالَ: \"قيراطانِ\" (^٥). وأخرَجَه مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٩)، والنسائي (٤٢٩٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥١).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠١٨٧).\n(^٤) جزء ابن عرفة (٧) ومن طريقه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٧٩، وعنده: \"أو كلب ضأن\". وعنده: \"قيراطان\". وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ١٣/ ١٤٩ من طريق السكرى وأبي الحسين القطان في آخرين به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٥).","vol":"11","page":344},{"text":"حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي حَرمَلَةَ عن سالِمٍ فقالَ: \"قيراطٌ\" (^١). وخالَفَه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ فرَواه عن ابنِ أبي حَرمَلَةَ وقالَ: \"قيراطانِ\" (^٢).\n\n١١١٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبي سُفيانَ قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ ضارِى لِصَيدٍ أو كَلبَ ماشيَةٍ نَقَصَ مِن أجرِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطانِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١١٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن حَنظَلَةَ ابنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن عن. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وزادَ: قال سالِمٌ: وكانَ أبو هريرةَ يقولُ: أو كَلبَ حَرثٍ. وكانَ صاحِبَ حَرثٍ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n١١١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٣١٩٣) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٣٢٥) من طريق مكى به. وأحمد (٥٠٧٣)، والنسائي (٤٢٩٥) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠١٨٨)، وأبو يعلى (٥٤٤١) من طريق وكيع به، وليس عند أحمد زيادة سالم.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٤٨١)، ومسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٤).","vol":"11","page":345},{"text":"الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: ذَهَبتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ إلَى بَنِى مُعاويَةَ فنَبَحَت عَلَينا كِلابٌ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ ضاريَةٍ (^١) أو ماشيَةٍ نَقَصَ مِن أجرِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطانِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٣).\n\n١١١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بقَتلِ الكِلابِ إلا كَلبَ ماشيَةٍ أو صَيدٍ. فقيلَ لابنِ عُمَرَ: إنَّ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: \"أو (^٤) كَلبَ زَرعٍ\". فقالَ: إنَّ لأبِى هريرةَ زَرعًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٦).\nوقَد رَوَى أبو الحَكَمِ عِمرانُ بنُ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ كَلبَ الزَّرعِ، وكأنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أشار القاضى عياض إلى أن قوله: كلبا ضاريا. هو المعروف ووجه الكلام. وأما كلب ضارية فيخرج على إضافة الشئ إلى نفسه كماء البارد. أو يرجع \"ضارية\" إلى صاحب الصَيد. أي كلب صاحب كلاب ضارية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٤٤) من طريق سفيان به. وفي (٥٢٥٤) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٨٠)، ومسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٢).\n(^٤) في س، ز: \"إلا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٨٨)، والنسائي (٤٢٩٠) مقصرًا على المرفوع من طريق حماد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٧١/ ٤٦).","vol":"11","page":346},{"text":"أخَذَه عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في الزَّرعِ، وعن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- نَفسِه في كَلبِ الماشيَةِ والصَّيدِ:\n\n١١١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ كَلبًا إلا كَلبَ زَرعٍ أو غَنَمٍ أو صَيدٍ، فإِنَّه يَنقُصُ مِن أجرِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n١١١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^٣) المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الحَكَمِ البَجَلِيِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ كَلبًا غَيرَ كَلبِ زَرعٍ ولا ضَرعٍ (^٤) نَقَصَ مِن عَمَلِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطٌ\". فَقُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: إن كان في دارٍ وأنا له كارِهٌ؟ فقالَ: هو على رَبِّ الدّارِ الَّذِى يَملِكُها (^٥).\n\n١١١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٠٥) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٧٤/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) بعده في س، ز: \"الصفار\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"فقد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨١٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وزاد: \"أو صيد\".","vol":"11","page":347},{"text":"ابنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ ابنُ نَصرٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ عيسَى الخَشّابُ التِّنِّيسِىُّ بتِنِّيسَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِىُّ أبو عثمانَ بحِمصَ قالوا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى ابنُ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلَمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أن أبا سلمةَ حَدَّثَه عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أمسَكَ كلبًا فإِنَّه يَنقُصُ مِن عَمَلِه كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطٌ، إلا كَلبَ حَرثٍ أو ماشيَةٍ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الأوزاعِيِّ: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن شُعَيبِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أبي سلمةَ، فقالَ: \"إلا كَلبَ صَيدٍ أو زَرعٍ أو ماشيَةٍ\". ورَواه يونُسُ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ، فقالَ في الحديث: \"لَيسَ بكَلبِ صَيدٍ ولا ماشيَة ولا أرضٍ\". وقالَ: \"قيراطانِ كُلَّ يَومٍ\".\nوقَد مَضَتِ الرِّوايَتانِ في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^٣).\n\n١١١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢٠٤)، وابن حبان (٥٦٥٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأحمد (٩٤٩٣) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٢٤)، ومسلم (١٥٧٥/ ...).\n(^٣) تقدمتا في (١١٩٨، ١١٩٩).\n(^٤) في ز: \"الحسين\". وقد تقدم مرارًا على الصواب، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٣٥٧.","vol":"11","page":348},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ المَروَزِىُّ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصيفَةَ، أن السّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ سُفيانَ بنَ أبي زُهَيرٍ وهو رَجُلٌ مِن شَنُوءَةَ مِن أصحابِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ اقتَنَى كَلبًا لا يُغنِى عنه زَرعًا ولا ضَرعًا نَقَصَ مِن عَمَلِة كُلَّ يَومٍ قيراطٌ\". قال: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: إي ورَبِّ هذا المَسجِدِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ يَعقوبَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١١١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي التَّيّاحِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بقَتلِ الكِلابِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ما بالِى والكِلابِ (^٣) \". فرَخَّصَ في كَلبِ الرِّعاءِ وكَلبِ الصَّيدِ (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٤٧)، والشافعي ٣/ ١١، ومالك ٢/ ٩٦٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٩١٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٠٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٩٦) من طريق يزيد بن خصيفة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٢٣)، ومسلم (١٥٧٦/ ٦١).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"للكلاب\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٦٤، ١٢٠٠).","vol":"11","page":349},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^١).\n\n١١١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بقَتلِ الكِلابِ فقَتَلناها (^٢) حَتَّى إن كانَتِ الأعرابيَّةُ تَجِئُ مَعَها كَلبُها فنَقتُلُه، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَولا أن الكِلابَ أمَّةٌ مِنَ الأُمَمِ أكرَهُ أن أُفنيَها لأمَرتُ بقَتلِها، ولَكِنِ اقتُلوا مِنها كُلَّ أسوَدَ بَهيمٍ ذِي عَينَينِ بَيضاوَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ ابنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بقَتلِ الكِلابِ، حَتَّى إنَّ المَرأةَ تَقدَمُ مِنَ الباديَةِ بكَلبِها فنَقتُلُه، ثُمَّ نَهَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن قَتلِها وقالَ: \"عَلَيكُم بالأسوَدِ البَهيمِ ذِى النُّقطَتَينِ (^٤)؛ فإِنَّه شَيطانٌ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٨٠، ١٥٧٣/ ٤٩).\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٦: \"فقتلناه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٦٥٨) من طريق أبي الزبير به بمعناه، مقتصرًا على المرفوع القولى. وزاد: \"فإنه شيطان\".\n(^٤) هما نقطتان معروفتان بيضاوان فوق عينيه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٠/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٧٥) من طريق روح به. وأبو داود (٢٨٤٦)، وابن حبان (٥٦٥١) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"11","page":350},{"text":"إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2462>بابُ ما جاءَ في ثَمَنِ السِّنَّورِ</span>\n\n١١١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سألتُ جابِرًا عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ والسِّنَّورِ فقالَ: زَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلَمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٣).\n\n١١١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ محمدٍ الرّازِيُّ بالرَّىِّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ زَيدٍ الصَّنْعانِيِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن أكْلِ الهِرِّ وأكْلِ ثَمَنِهِ (^٤).\nرَواه أبو داودَ في\"السنن\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ بإِسنادِه، أن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٧٢/ ٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٤٠) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به. وأحمد (١٥١٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢١٦١) من طريق أبي الزبير به، وعند ابن ماجه: عن جابر قال: نهى رسول الله -ﷺ- عن ثمن السنور.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٦٩/ ٤٢).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٨٧٤٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٨٠٧)، والترمذي (١٢٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٥٠).\nوقال الترمذي: حديث غريب.","vol":"11","page":351},{"text":"النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الهِرِّ (^١).\n\n١١١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ حاتِمٍ العَدلُ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ هارونَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، جَميعًا عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ والسِّنَّورِ (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\nوهَذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ على شَرطِ مُسلِمِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ دونَ البُخارِىِّ؛ فإِنَّ البُخارِيَّ لا يَحتَجُّ برِوايَةِ أبي الزُّبَيرِ (^٤)، ولا برِوايَةِ أبي سُفيانَ، ولَعَلَّ مُسلِمًا إنَّما لَم يُخرِجْه في \"الصحيح\" لأنَّ وكيعَ بنَ الجَرّاحِ رَواه عن الأعمَشِ قال: قال جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه. ثُمَّ قال: قال الأعمَشُ: أُرَى أبا سُفيانَ ذَكَرَه (^٥).\nفالأعمَشُ كان يَشُكُّ في وصلِ الحديثِ، فصارَت رِوايَةُ أبي سُفيانَ بذَلِكَ ضَعيفَةً.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٨٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٧١).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٤. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢٧٩) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به، وقال: في إسناده اضطراب.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٧٩).\n(^٤) تقدمت رواية أبي الزبير في الصفحة السابقة، وهي عند النسائي (٤٦٨٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة عنه بزيادة: إلا كلب صيد. وقال النسائي: منكر.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٨٠٥، ٣٧٢٢٨)، وأبو يعلى (٢٢٧٥) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"11","page":352},{"text":"وقَد حَمَلَه بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ على الهِرِّ إذا تَوَحَّشَ فلَم يُقدَرْ على تَسليمِه، ومِنهُم مَن زَعَمَ أن ذَلِكَ كان في ابتِداءِ الِإسلامِ حينَ كان مَحكومًا بنَجاسَتِه، ثُمَّ حينَ صارَ مَحكومًا بطَهارَةِ سُؤرِه حَلَّ ثَمَنُه، ولَيسَ على واحِدٍ مِن هَذَينِ القَولَينِ دَلالَةٌ بَيِّنَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لا بأسَ بثَمَنِ السِّنَّورِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: إذا ثَبَتَ الحديثُ ولَم يَثبُتْ نَسخُه لَم يُدخَلْ عَلَيه قَولُ عَطاءٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2463>بابُ تَحريمِ التِّجارَةِ في الخَمرِ</span>\n\n١١١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ. وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ (^٢) الحَسَنُ بنُ [علىِّ بنِ] (^٣) المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُسلِمٍ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ هو الأعمَشُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٨٠٤).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٦، م.\n(^٣) زيادة من حاشية الأصل.","vol":"11","page":353},{"text":"أبي الضُّحَى هو مسلمٌ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: لما نَزَلَت الآياتُ الأواخِرُ مِن سورَةِ البَقَرَةِ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَرأهُنَّ عَلَينا وقالَ: \"حُرِّمَتِ التِّجارَةُ في الخَمرِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعلَى: الآياتُ في آخِرِ سورَةِ البَقَرَةِ في الرِّبا. وقالَ: فتَلاهُنَّ على النّاسِ، وحَرَّمَ التِّجارَةَ في الخَمرِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسلِمِ ينِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١١١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ أبي الأشرَسِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى السّامِىُّ (^٥)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ إياسٍ الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ بالمَدينَةِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّى أرَى اللَّهَ ﷿ يُعَرِّضُ بالخَمرِ، ولَعَلَّ اللهَ سَيُنزِلُ فيها أمرًا، فمَن كان عِندَه مِنها شَئٌ فليَبِعْه وليَنتَفِع\". قال: فما لَبِثْتُ إلا يَسيرًا حَتَّى قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ الخَمرَ، فمَن أدرَكَته هذه الآيَةُ وعِندَه مِنها شَئٌ فلا يَشرَبْ ولا يَبِعْ\". فاستَقبَلَ النّاسُ بما كان\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٥٥) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي (٤٦٧٩) من طريق أبي الضحى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٨٢)، وابن حبان (٤٩٤٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٩، ٤٥٤٠، ٤٥٤١)، ومسلم (١٥٨٠/ ٧٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٢٦).\n(^٥) في ز: \"الشامى\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٥٧.","vol":"11","page":354},{"text":"عِندَهُم مِنها طُرُقَ المَدينَةِ فسَفَكوها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ القَواريرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١١١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابن أبي [إسحاقَ وأبو] (^٣) بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وَعْلَةَ السَّبائيِّ مِن أهلِ مِصرَ أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ عَمّا يُعصَرُ مِنَ العِنَبِ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ رَجُلًا أهدَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- راويَةَ خَمرٍ فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عَلِمتَ أن اللَّهَ قَد حَرَّمَها؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فسارَّ إنسانًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بمَ سَارَرتَه؟ \". قالَ: أمَرتُه أن يَبيعَها. قال: \"إنَّ الَّذِى حَرَّمَ شُربَها حَرَّمَ بَيعَها\". قال: ففَتَحَ المَزادَتَينِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ما فيهِما (^٤).\n\n١١١٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو زَكَريّا وأبو بَكرٍ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ ابنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وَعْلَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٠٥٦) عن القواريري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٧٨/ ٦٧).\n(^٣) في ز: \"إسحاق نا أبو\"، وفي ص ٥، م: \"إسحاق الفقيه وأبو\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٠٣)، وابن وهب (٤٨)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٦ - ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٣٧٣) - والنسائي (٤٦٧٨)، وابن حبان (٤٩٤٢).\n(^٥) ابن وهب (٤٩) -ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٥٣٤٩) - والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٨/ ٤٠٦.","vol":"11","page":355},{"text":"وهبٍ بالإسنادَينِ (^١).\n\n١١١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: إنَّ سَمُرَةَ بنَ جُندُبٍ باعَ خَمرًا، قاتَلَ اللَّهُ سَمُرَةَ (^٢)! ألَم يَعلَمْ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ؛ حُرِّمَت عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومُ فجَمَلوها (^٣) فباعوها\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n١١١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٧٩).\n(^٢) قوله: \"قاتل الله سمرة\". لم يرد به ظاهره، بل هي كلمة تقولها العرب عند إرادة الزجر، فقالها في حقه تغليظًا عليه.\nواختلف في المقصود ببيع سمرة الخمر؛ فقيل: إنه أخذها من أهل الكتاب عن قيمة الجزية أو غيرها، فباعها لهم معتقدًا جواز ذلك. وقيل: يجوز أن يكون باع العصير لمن يتخذه خمرًا، والعصير يسمى خمرًا لأنه يئول إليه. وقيل: أن يكون خلل الخمر وباعها بعد التخليل معتقدًا جواز ذلك. ينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٤١٤، ٤١٥.\n(^٣) جَمَلوها: أي أذابوها. فتح الباري ٤/ ٤١٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠)، والنسائي (٤٢٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٨٣)، وابن حبان (٦٢٥٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٢٢٣)، ومسلم (١٥٨٢/ ٧٢).","vol":"11","page":356},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الغافِقِىِّ مِن أهلِ مِصرَ ومَولًى لَنا يُقالُ له: أبو طُعمَةَ أنَّهُما خَرَجا مِن مِصرَ حاجَّينِ، فجَلَسا إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ. قالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: أشهَدُ لَسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يقولُ: \"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الخَمرَ وشارِبَها وساقيَها، وبائعَها ومُبتاعَها، وعاصِرَها ومُعتَصِرَها، وحامِلَها والمَحمولَةَ إلَيه، وآكِلَ ثَمَنِها\" (^١).\n\n١١١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا طُعمَةُ بنُ عمرٍو الجَعفَرىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ بَيانٍ، عن عُروةَ ابنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن باعَ الخَمرَ فليُشَقِّصِ (^٣) الخَنازيرَ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2464>بابُ تَحريمِ بَيعِ الخَمرِ والمَيتَةِ والخِنزيرِ والأصنامِ</span>\n\n١١١٥٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٨٨١) قال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٣٩: سنده قوى.\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"الجعفى\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٨٣، ٣٨٥.\n(^٣) فليشقص الخنازير: أي فليقطعها قطعًا ويفصلها أعضاءً كما يفعل بالشاة إذا بيع لحمها. والمعنى: من استحل بيع الخمر فليستحل بيع الخنزير؛ فإنهما في التحريم سواء، فهو أمر بمعنى النهي ومعنى الكلام إنما هو توكيد التحريم والتغليظ فيه. معالم السنن ٣/ ١٣٤، والنهاية ٢/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢١٤)، وأبو داود (٣٤٨٩) من طريق طعمة به. وفيهما: عمر بن بيان. بدلًا من: عمرو بن بيان. وما فيهما هو الصواب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٨٢. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٥٣).","vol":"11","page":357},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ عامَ الفَتحِ وهو بمَكَّةَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ ورسولَه حَرَّمَ بَيعَ الخَمرِ والمَيتَةِ والخِنزيرِ والأصنامِ\" (^١). فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ شُحومَ المَيتَةِ؛ فإِنَّها تُطلَى (^٢) بها السُّفُنُ، ويُدهَنُ بها الجُلودُ، ويَستَصبحُ بها النّاسُ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، هو حَرامٌ\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ اليَهودَ، إنَّ اللهَ لما حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم شُحومَها جَمَلوها ثُمَّ باعوه وأكَلوا ثَمَنَه\" (^٣). لَفظُ حديثِ قُتيبةَ بنِ سعيدٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١١٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الفَتحِ\n_________\n(^١) من هنا طمس في المخطوطة \"س\" بمقدار لوحتين وينتهى حتى (١١١٨٨).\n(^٢) ضبطها في الأصل بالتاء والياء المضمومتين.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٨٦)، والترمذي (١٢٩٧)، والنسائي (٤٢٦٧) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٤٤٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٢١٦٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٣٦)، ومسلم (١٥٨١/ ٧١).","vol":"11","page":358},{"text":"يقولُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: ما تَرَى في شُحومِ المَيتَةِ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ ... \". لَم يَذكُرْ ما بَينَهُما (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ فقالَ: وقالَ أبو عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَ إسنادَه (^٢).\n\n١١١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ بُخْتٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه حَرَّمَ الخَمرَ وثَمَنَها، وحَرَّمَ المَيتَةَ وثَمَنَها، وحَرَّمَ الخِنزيرَ وثَمَنَه\" (^٣).\n\n١١١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: السُّحتُ: الرِّشوَةُ في الحُكمِ، ومَهرُ البَغِىِّ، وثَمَنُ الكَلبِ، وثَمَنُ القِردِ، وثَمَنُ الخِنزيرِ، وثَمَنُ الخَمرِ، وثَمَنُ المَيتَةِ، وثَمَنُ الدَّمِ، وعَسْبُ الفَحلِ، وأجرُ النّائحَةِ، وأجرُ المُغَنّيَةِ، وأجرُ الكاهِنِ، وأجرُ السّاحِرِ، وأجرُ القائفِ، وثَمَنُ جُلودِ السِّباعِ، وثَمَنُ جُلودِ المَيتَةِ -فإِذا دُبِغَت فلا بأسَ بها- وأجرُ صوَرِ التَّماثيلِ، وهَديَّةُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٧٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٣٧) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به. وعندهم بذكر القصة.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨١/ ...)، والبخاري عقب (٢٢٣٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٨٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٧٦).","vol":"11","page":359},{"text":"الشَّفاعَةِ، وجَعيلَةُ الغَزوِ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ حَبيبِ بنِ صالِحٍ وابنِ عباسٍ، وهو مَوقوفٌ.<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2465> بابُ تَحريمِ بَيعِ ما يَكونُ نَجِسًا لا يَحِلُّ أكلُهُ</span>\n\n١١١٥٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن بَرَكَةَ [أبي الوليدِ] (^٢)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- جالِسًا عِندَ الرُّكنِ، فرَفَعَ بَصَرَه إلَى السَّماءِ فضَحِكَ وقالَ: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ -ثَلالًا- إن اللهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيهمُ الشَّحومَ فباعُوها وأكَلوا أثمانَها، إنَّ اللهَ إذا حَرَّمَ على قَومٍ أكْلَ شَئٍ حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم ثَمَنَه\" (^٣).\n\n١١١٥٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن بَرَكَةَ أبي الوَليدِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان قاعِدًا خَلفَ المَقامِ، رَفَعَ بَصَرَه إلَى السَّماءِ وقالَ. فذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. وقد غيرها محقق سنن سعيد بن منصور إلى: جعيلة الغرق. تبعًا لما في غريب الحديث للخطابى. وجعيلة الغزو أن يُعطِى الرجل آخر شيئًا ليخرج مكانه للغزو أو يُعطَى ليخرج هو مكان آخر أو يجعل الجعل للرجل فيخرج عن خمسة أو أربعة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٧٦.\nوالحديث عند سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٥ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه الخطابى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤٧٣ مختصرًا.\nقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٤٠: حبيب ثقة من طبقة الزبيدى، سقط ما بينه وبين ابن عباس.\n(^٢) ليس في: ز، ص ٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٨٦٨) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢٢٢١) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وسيأتى في (١٩٦٥٦).","vol":"11","page":360},{"text":"مَعناه (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n١١١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ داودَ، عن مُطيعٍ الغَزّالِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لا تَحِلُّ التِّجارَةُ في شَئٍ لا يَحِلُّ أكلُه وشُربُه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2466>بابُ تَحريمِ بَيعِ الحُرِّ</span>\n\n١١١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي حَسّانَ الأنماطِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أُمَيَّهَ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعنِى: \"قال رَبُّكُم ﷿: ثَلاثَةٌ أنا خَصمُهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ -ومَن كُنتُ خَصمَه خَصَمتُه- رَجُلٌ أَعطَى بى ثُمَّ غَدَرَ، ورَجُلٌ باعَ حُرًّا فأكَلَ ثَمَنَه، ورَجُلٌ استأجَرَ أجيرًا فاستَوفَى مِنه ولَم يُوْفِ أجرَه\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ مَرحومٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n١١١٦٠ - ورَواه النُّفَيلِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ فقالَ: عن أبيه عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن مردويه -كما في تفسير ابن كثير ٣/ ٣٥١ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٤٨٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨١٩ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩١٩) من طريق مطيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٤٢)، وابن حبان (٧٣٣٩) من طريق يحيى بن سليم به. وسيأتى في (١١٧٦٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٢٢٧).","vol":"11","page":361},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ. أخبرَناه أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2467>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعِ المُغَنّياتِ</span>\n\n١١١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، عن بكرِ (^٢) بنِ مُضَرَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بن زَحْرٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَبتاعوا المُغَنّياتِ ولا تَشتَروهُنَّ، ولا تُعَلِّموهُنَّ ولا خَيرَ في تِجارَةٍ فيهِنَّ، وثَمَنُهُنَّ حَرامٌ\".\nوفِي مِثلِ هذا الحديثِ أنزِلَت: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ [لقمان: ٦] الآيَةَ (^٣). وبِمَعناه رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ زَحْرٍ (^٤)، وبِمَعناه رَواه الفَرَجُ بنُ فَضالَةَ عن علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود معلقًا عقب (٥٧٩) عن النفيلى به.\n(^٢) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"وفي رواية السراج عن قتيبة بن بكر: لا تبيعوا القينات. وفيه وفي مثل هذا أنزلت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٨٢، ٣١٩٥) من طريق بكر بن مضر به، وقال: حديث غريب.\n(^٤) أخرجه الرويانى (١١٩٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٨/ ٥٣٣، والطبرانى (٧٨٠٥، ٧٨٥٥) من طرق عن عبيد الله بن زحر به. وعند الرويانى آية: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢١٨) من طريق فرج بن فضالة به مطولًا.","vol":"11","page":362},{"text":"قال أبو عيسَى: سألتُ البُخارِيَّ عن إسنادِ هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: علىُّ بنُ يَزيدَ ذاهِبُ الحديثِ. ووَثَّقَ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ زَحْرٍ والقاسِمَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِىَ عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ عن عائشةَ (^٢) ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ، ورُوِىَ عن لَيثٍ راجِعًا إلَى الإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ، خَلَطَ فيه لَيثٌ (^٣).\n[أخبرنا أبو عَلىٍّ الروذبارىُّ، أخبرنا الحسينُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ أيوبَ الطُّوسىُّ، حدثنا أبو يحيى ابنُ أبي مسرَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الحكمِ، عن بكرِ بنِ مضرَ، عن عبيدِ اللهِ بن زحْرٍ (ح)] (^٤).\n\n١١١٦٢ - أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدٌ الصَّفّارُ، سَمِعَه مِن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ زَحْرٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ بَيعُ المُغَنّياتِ ولا شِراؤُهُنَّ، ولا تِجارَةٌ فيهِنَّ، وأكلُ أثمانِهِنَّ حَرامٌ\" (^٥). وفِي رِوايَةِ بكرِ ابنِ مُضَرَ: عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تبيعوا (^٦) المُغَنّياتِ، ولا تَشتَروهُنَّ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذي عقب (٣٣٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٥١٣) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٧٨٦١) من طريق ليث عن عبيد الله بن زحر به.\n(^٤) زيادة من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٥) أحمد (٢٢١٦٩).\n(^٦) في من حاشية الأصل: \"تبتاعوا\".","vol":"11","page":363},{"text":"تُعَلِّموهُنَّ، ولا خَيرَ في تِجارَةٍ فيهِنَّ، وثَمَنُهُنَّ حَرامٌ\" (^١). وفِي مِثلِ هذا الحديثِ أُنْزِلَت: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾. حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ﴾ [لقمان: ٦].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2468>بابُ النَّهىِ عن بَيعِ فضلِ الماءِ</span>\n\n١١١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا المِنهالِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إياسَ بنَ عبدٍ المُزَنِىَّ ورأى رَجُلًا يَبيعُ الماءَ فقالَ: لا تَبيعُوا الماءَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن بَيعِ الماءِ (^٢).\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في \"سنن حرملةَ\" هذا الخَبَرَ عن سُفيانَ، ثُمَّ قال: مَعنَى هذا الحديثِ أن يُباعَ الماءُ في المَوضِعِ الَّذِى خَلَقَه اللهُ فيه، وذَلِكَ أن يأتِىَ بالباديَةِ الرَّجُلَ له البِئرُ ليَسقِىَ بها ماشيَتَه ويَكونَ في مائِها فضلٌ عن ماشيَتِه، فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مالكَ الماءِ عن بَيعِ ذَلِكَ الفَضلِ، ونَهاه عن مَنعِه. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أنَّه: إذا حَمَلَ الماءَ على ظَهرِه فلا بأسَ أن يَبيعَه مِن غَيرِه؛ لأنَّه مالكٌ لِما حَمَلَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٢٢٨٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٤، والحميدى (٩١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. زاد أحمد وابن حبان: لا يدرى عمرو أىّ ماء هو.\nوصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٤٦).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨٢) معلقًا عن الشافعى.","vol":"11","page":364},{"text":"١١١٦٤ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن بَيعِ فضلِ الماءِ. أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن. فذَكَرَه ولَم يَقُلْ: ورأى رَجُلًا يَبيعُ الماءَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَطّارُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ: نَهَى عن بَيعِ فضلِ الماءِ (^٢).\n\n١١١٦٥ - ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أن أبا المِنهالِ أخبَرَه، أن إياسَ بنَ عبدٍ قال لِلنّاسِ: لا تَبيعوا فضلَ الماءِ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ (^٣) الماءِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٤). فذَكَرَه.\nوعَلَى هذا يَدُلُّ حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ:\n\n١١١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٥٦)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٣٨). وعنده: \"ينهى عن بيع الماء\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٧٨)، والترمذي (١٢٧١)، والنسائي (٤٦٧٦) من طريق داود به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٥: \"فضل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨١)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٤٤)، والنسائي (٤٦٧٧) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٤٨).","vol":"11","page":365},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ فضلِ الماءِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n١١١٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ الماءِ، وعن ضِرابِ الجَمَلِ (^٤)، وأن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ أرضَه وماءَه (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: قَولُه في هذا الحديثِ: وأن يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ أرضَه وماءَه. فإِنَّما\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٢١٨)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٩٥٣) وزاد: ليمنع به الكلأ. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٧٧) من طريق وكيع به. وأحمد (١٤٦٤٤) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٦٥/ ٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٥٦٥/ ٣٤) من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"الفحل\".\nوضراب الجمل هو عَسْب الفحل المذكور في حديث آخر، وهو نزوه على الأنثى، والمراد النهي عن أخذ الأجرة عليه. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٢٣٠، والنهاية ٣/ ٧٩، وتقدم في (١٠٩٥٥).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٤، وقال فيه وفي الأحاديث السابقة: أسانيدها كلها صحيحة على شرط مسلم.","vol":"11","page":366},{"text":"أرادَ به واللهُ أعلمُ أن يُكريَها مَعَ الماءِ لِلحَرثِ ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها؛ فقَد رَواه رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: وعن بَيعِ الماءِ والأرضِ لِتُحرَثَ (^١). وبِمَعناه رَواه محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ وقالَ: بَياضِ الأرضِ (^٢).\n\n١١١٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن علىٍّ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ أن هِلالَ بنَ أُسامَةَ أخبَرَه أن أبا سلَمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه أنَّهُ سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُباعُ فضلُ الماءِ ليُباعَ به الكَلأُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِىِّ البَصرِىِّ هَكَذا بلَفظِ البَيعِ في هذه الرِّوايَةِ (^٤)، وفيها دَلالَةٌ على صِحَّةِ تأويلِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀.\n\n١١١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٩٥٦).\n(^٢) بياض الأرض: ما لا عمارة فيه. لسان العرب ٨/ ٣٩٣ (ب ى ض)،\nوالحديث أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٩٣٥)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٧) من طريق أبي عاصم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٢٥٧) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وعنده: \"ليمنع\" بدلًا من: \"ليباع\". وأحمد (٧٦٩٧) من طريق أبي سلمة به. وعنده: \"ليمنع به فضل الكلأ\". وسيأتى في (١١٩٦٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٦٦/ ٣٨).","vol":"11","page":367},{"text":"عن شُعَيبِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ أخِى عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أخيه عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سالِمٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: أعطَونِى بفَضلِ الماءِ مِن أرضِه بالوَهْطِ (^١) ثَلاثينَ ألفًا. قال: فكَتَبتُ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، فكَتَبَ إلَىَّ: لا تَبِعْه، ولَكِن أقِمْ قِلدَكَ، ثُمَّ اسقِ الأدنَى فالأدنَى (^٢)؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن بَيعِ فضلِ الماءِ (^٣).\n\n١١١٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَىَ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن بَيعِ الماءِ في القِرَبِ، فقالَ: هذا يَنزِعُه ويَحمِلُه؛ لا بأسَ به؛ لَيسَ كَفَضلِ الماءِ الَّذِى يَذهَبُ في الأرضِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2469>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَراهيَةِ بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ</span>\n\n١١١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الوَهْط: قرية بالطائف على ثلاثة أميال من وج كانت لعمرو بن العاص. والوهط هو المكان المطمئن المستوى ينبت العضاة والسمر والطلح. معجم البلدان ٥/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٢) قِلْد الزرع: أن تسقيه يوم حاجته. يقال: أقمت قِلْدى: إذا أنت سقيت زرعك في الأوقات التى تحتاج إلى السقى فيها. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٥٦.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٤٠). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٣٠٢) من طريق أبي بكر بن عياش به. وعندهما: ينهى عن بيع الماء. زاد ابن الأعرابي: وعسب الفحل.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٤٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شبة (٢١٢١٧) عن ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٤٩٦) من طريق ابن جريج به بمعناه.","vol":"11","page":368},{"text":"عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مِسمارٍ، عن زيادٍ مَولًى لِسَعدٍ (^١) أنَّه سألَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ ومَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ عن بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ لِتِجارَةٍ فيها، فقالا: لا نَرَى أن تجعَلَه (^٢) مَتجَرًا، ولَكِن ما عَمِلتَ بيَدَيكَ فلا بأسَ بهِ. قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لِى مالكٌ في بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ وشَرائِها: لا بأسَ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١١١٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سِنانٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ (^٤) اللهِ بنِ بَزيعٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ المَصاحِفُ لا تُباعُ، كان الرَّجُلُ يأتِى بوَرَقِه عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فيَقومُ الرَّجُلُ فيَحتَسِبُ فيَكتُبُ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ آخَرُ فيَكتُبُ حَتَّى يُفرَغَ مِنَ المُصحَفِ (^٥).\n\n١١١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ز، ص ٦: \"أسعد\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه سعد\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"نجعله\".\n(^٣) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٤/ ٤١٨ عن ابن وهب به. والبخارى في خلق أفعال العباد (١٧٩) معلقًا عن بكير بن مسمار به.\n(^٤) في م: \"عبيد\". وتقدم على الصواب في (٢٦٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٦٦ من طريق جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه عن على بن الحسين من قوله.","vol":"11","page":369},{"text":"مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا لَيثٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اشتَرِ المُصحَفَ ولا تَبِعْه (^١).\n\n١١١٧٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ. مِثلَه مِن قَولِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١١٧٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيم، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: لَوَدِدتُ أن الأيدِىَ قُطِعَت في بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ (^٣).\n\n١١١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن سالِمٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَمُرُّ بأصحابِ المَصاحِفِ فيَقولُ: بئسَ التِّجارَةُ (^٤).\n\n١١١٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ إياسٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: كان أصحابُ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١١٩ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ٢٣٧ عن هشيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٤٧٢)، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٧٤ من طريق ليث به بنحوه.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١٢١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٧٥ من طريق أبي بشر به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٢٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٤٦١، ٢٠٤٦٦)، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٦١ من طريق آخر عن ابن عمر.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٦٠ من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٩) من طريق جابر به.","vol":"11","page":370},{"text":"رسولِ الله -ﷺ- يَكرَهونَ بَيعَ المَصاحِفِ (^١).\n\n١١١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ شراءَ المَصاحِفِ وبَيعَها (^٢).\nقال الشافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَيسوا -يَعنِى بَعضَ العِراقيّينَ- يَقولونَ بهَذا، لا يَرَونَ بأسًا ببَيعِها وشِرائِها، ومِنَ النّاسِ مَن لا يَرَى بشِرائِها بأسًا، ونَحنُ نَكرَهُ بَيعَها (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه الكَراهيَةُ (^٤) على وجهِ التَّنزيهِ، تَعظيمًا لِلمُصحَفِ عن أن يُبتَذَلَ للبيع (^٥)، أو يُجعَلَ مَتجَرًا. ورُوِى عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه رَخَّصَ فيه وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ، وقَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: اشتَرِ المُصحَفَ ولا تَبِعْه. إن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ عنه يَدُلُّ على جَوازِ بَيعِه مَعَ الكَراهيَةِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١١٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بن العباسِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ حَفصٍ التُّومَنِىُّ (^٦)، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٥٣٤)، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٦٥ من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٥٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٤٦٥)، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٦٠ من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٥٧)، والأم ٧/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) في م: \"الكراهة\".\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"بالبيع\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٦) في ص ٥: \"التومى\". وفي م: \"التوضى\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٤٥٥.","vol":"11","page":371},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطُّفاوِىُّ، عن لَيثٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: رُخِّصَ في بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا لَم أكتُبْه إلا عن علىِّ بنِ العباسِ بهَذا الِإسنادِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n١١١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ قال: كَلَّمتُ مَطَرًا الوَرّاقَ في بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ فقالَ: أتَنهَونِى عن بَيعِ المَصاحِفِ وقَد كان حَبْرَا هذه الأُمَّةِ -أو قال: فقِيهَا هذه الأُمَّةِ- لا يَرَيانِ به بأسًا؛ الحَسَنُ والشَّعبِىُّ؟! (^٢).\n\n١١١٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا ببَيعِ المَصاحِفِ واشتِرائِها (^٣).\n\n١١١٨٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إنَّما يَبتَغِى ثَمَنَ ورَقِه وأجرَ كِتابِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٠٢.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٨. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٤٨٣) من طريق سعيد به. ووقع فيه: سعيد بن مطر، وذكر محققه أنه كذلك في جميع النسخ وخطّأه، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٦)، وأبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٧٧ من طرق أخرى عن مطر بنحوه.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١١٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ٢٣٩ عن هشيم به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١١٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ٢٣٩ عن هشيم به.=","vol":"11","page":372},{"text":"١١١٨٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ العَمِّىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ دينارٍ قال: دَخَلَ علىَّ جابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ وأنا أكتُبُ فقُلتُ: كَيفَ تَرَى صَنعَتِى هذه يا أبا الشَّعثاءِ؟ قالَ: ما أحسَنَ صَنعَتَكَ، تَنقُلُ كِتابَ اللهِ ﷿ ورَقَةً إلَى ورَقَةٍ وآيَةً إلَى آيَةٍ وكَلِمَةً إلَى كَلِمَةٍ، هذا الحَلالُ لا بأسَ بهِ (^١).\n\n١١١٨٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ دينارٍ أن عِكرِمَةَ باعَ مُصحَفًا له، وأن الحَسَنَ كان لا يَرَى به بأسًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2470>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعِ المُضطَرِّ وبَيعِ المُكرَهِ</span>\n\n١١١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ هِبَةُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ العباسِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ نَضلَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن داودَ بنِ صالِحٍ التَّمّارِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَألقيَنَّ اللهَ ﷿ مِن قَبلِ أن أُعطِىَ أحَدًا مِن مالِ أحَدٍ شَيئًا\n_________\n= وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٤٨١)، وابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٧٧، ١٧٨ من طريق داود به بمعناه.\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١١٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٣١ من طريق عبد العزيز ابن عبد الصمد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٨) بنحوه، وابن أبي الدنيا في إصلاح المال (٣٢٠) بنحوه.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١١٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي داود في المصاحف ص ١٧٦ من طريق عبد العزيز به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٢٨) من طريق مالك عن الحسن وحده.","vol":"11","page":373},{"text":"بغَيرِ طيبِ نَفسِه، إنَّما البَيعُ عن تَراضٍ\" (^١).\n\n١١١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ رُستُمٍ، حدثنا شَيخٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ قال: خَطَبَنا علىُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ -أو قال: قال علىٌّ-: سَيأتِى على النّاسِ زَمانٌ عَضوضٌ؛ يَعَضُّ الموسِرُ على ما في يَدَيه ولَم يُؤمَرْ بذَلِكَ، قال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]. وتَنهَدُ (^٢) الأشرارُ، ويُستَذَلُّ الأخيارُ، ويُبايَعُ المُضطَرُّونَ وقَد نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ المُضطَرِّ، وعن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ و(^٣) بَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ قبلَ أن تُطعِمَ (^٤).\n\n١١١٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا حامِدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي عامِرٍ المُزَنِىِّ، حدثنا شَيخٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ قال: خَطَبَنا علىٌّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٨٥) مقتصرًا على قوله: \"إنما البيع عن تراض\"، وأبو يعلى (١٣٥٤) وليس عنده: \"إنما البيع ... \"، وابن حبان (٤٩٦٧) من طريق الدراوردى به، وعند ابن حبان بلفظ: \"لا ألقين ... \". وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٦٨): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله موثقون.\n(^٢) نهد الرجل: نهض. ينظر التاج ٩/ ٢٤٢ (ن هـ د).\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"وعن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٧)، وأبو داود (٣٣٨٢) من طريق هشيم به. وعندهما: تدرك. بدلًا من: تطعم. وعند أبي داود: صالح بن عامر. وقال: كذا قال محمد. وقال المزى: والصواب إن شاء الله: عن صالح عن عامر، وهو صالح بن صالح بن حى أو صالح بن رستم أبو عامر الخزاز، وعامر هو الشعبى. تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٦١. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٣١).","vol":"11","page":374},{"text":"فقالَ: يأتِى على النّاسِ زَمانٌ تُقَدَّمُ الأشرارُ لَيسَتْ بالأخيارِ، ويُبايَعُ المُضطَرُّ وقد نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ المُضطَرِّ وبَيعِ الغَرَرِ وبَيعِ الثَّمَرَةِ قبلَ أن تُدرِكَ (^١). أبو عامِرٍ هذا هو صالِحُ بن رُستُمٍ الخَزّارُ البَصرِىُّ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ عن علىٍّ وابنِ عُمَرَ، وكُلُّها غَيرُ قَويَّةٍ والله أعلمُ.\n\n١١١٨٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ بني مَحمُويَه، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ خُرَّزاذَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن صالِحٍ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بن عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَركَبَنَّ رَجُلٌ بَحرًا إلا غازيًا أو مُعتَمِرًا أو حاجًّا؛ فإنَّ تَحتَ البحرِ نارًا، وتَحتَ النّارِ بَحرٌ، وتَحتَ البحرِ نارٌ، ولا تَشتَرينَّ (^٢) مالَ امرِئِ مُسلِمٍ في ضُغْطَةٍ (^٣) \" (^٤).\n\n١١١٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الشَّعرانِىُّ وأحمَدُ بر بشرٍ المَرْثَدِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن بَشيرٍ (^٥) أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"لا يَركَبِ البحرَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨٦).\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"يشترى\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) الضُّغطة: بالضم؛ الضيق والإكراه. يقال أخذت فلانًا ضُغطة، إذا ضيقت عليه لتكرهه على الشئ. التاج ١٩/ ٤٥٠ (ض غ ط).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٧٣٥) بدون ذكر موضع الشاهد.\n(^٥) في الأصل، ص ٦: \"بشر\". وفي حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣٥٩ (ترجمة عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص).","vol":"11","page":375},{"text":"إلا حاجٌّ أو مُعتَمِرٌ أو غازِى (^١) في سبيلِ اللهِ؛ فإنَّ تَحتَ البحرِ نارًا وتَحتَ النّارِ بَحر\". وقالَ: \"لا يَشْتَرِى (^٢) مِن ذِى ضُغْطَةِ سُلطانٍ شَيئًا\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشَّعرانِىِّ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ بهَذا الِإسنادِ، عن بشرٍ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤).\n\n١١١٩٠ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدٍ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: لا يَجوزُ على مُضطَهَدٍ نِكاحٌ ولا بَيعٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ز، س: \"غاز\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"تشترى\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"يشتر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٧٤، ١٧٥ من طريق سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٢٣٩٣).\n(^٥) البغوى في الجعديات (٢١٧٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٦٦٢) من طريق عاصم بلفظ: \"كان لا يجيز نكاح المضطهد\". وفي (٢٠٩٥٢) من طريق ابن سيرين بلفظ: \"كان شريح لا يجيز بيع الضغطة\".","vol":"11","page":376},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2471>جِماعُ أبوابِ السَّلَمِ: بابُ جَوازِ السَّلَفِ المَضمونِ بالصِّفَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\n\n١١١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أشهَدُ أن السَّلَفَ المَضمونَ إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، أن اللهَ ﷿ أحَلَّه (^١) وأذِنَ فيه.\nوقَرأ هذه الآيةَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ (^٢).\n\n١١١٩٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي حَيّانَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في هذه الآية: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾، قال: في الحِنطَةِ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ (^٣).\n\n١١١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦: \"أجله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨٨). وأخرجه الشافعى ٣/ ٩٣، ٩٤، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٠٦٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦٣٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٧١، والطبراني (١٢٩٠٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٦ وصححه من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٧٠، ٧١ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"11","page":377},{"text":"أخبرنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ وهُم يُسلِفونَ في الثَّمرِ سَنَتَينِ وثَلاثًا، فقالَ: \"مَن أسلَفَ في تَمرٍ فليُسلِف في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ ووَزنٍ مَعلومٍ وِإلَى أجَل مَعلومٍ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عمرٍو النّاقِدِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى: السَّنَتَينِ والثَّلاثَ. وقالَ: إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ. لَم يَذكُرِ الواوَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: وأجَلٍ مَعلومٍ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: حَفِظتُه كما وصَفتُ مِن سُفيانَ مِرارًا، وأخبَرَنِى مَن أُصَدِّقُه عن سُفيانَ أنَّه قال كما قُلتُ، وقالَ في الأجَلِ: إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ وقُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وعَمرٍو النّاقِدِ، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ وقالوا: إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٥٩)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٧)، وأبو داود (٣٤٦٣)، والترمذي (١٣١١)، والنسائي (٤٦٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٨٠)، من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٤٩٢٥) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٤٠، ٢٢٤١)، ومسلم (١٦٠٤/ ١٢٧).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١١٢٠٠).","vol":"11","page":378},{"text":"١١١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لا نَرَى بالسَّلَفِ بأسًا، الوَرِقُ في شَئٍ، الوَرِقُ نَقدًا (^١).\n\n١١١٩٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يُجيزُه (^٢).\n\n١١١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ بأن يُسلِفَ الرَّجُلُ في الطَّعامِ المَوصوفِ بسِعرٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، ما لَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ في زَرعٍ لَم يَبدُ صَلاحُه أو ثَمرٍ لَم يَبدُ صَلاحُه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: يُريدُ به واللهُ أعلمُ أن يُسلِفَه في زَرعٍ بعَينِه أو ثَمرٍ بعَينِه فلا يَجوزُ؛ لأن بَيعَ أعيانِ الثِّمارِ على رُءوسِ الأشجارِ إنَّما يَجوزُ إذا بَدا فيها الصَّلاحُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2472>بابُ جَوازِ الرَّهنِ والحَميلِ في السَّلَفِ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بالكِتابِ في آخِرِ آيَةِ الدَّينِ، وآيَةُ الدَّينِ وارِدَةٌ في السَّلَفِ المَضمونِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٦٠)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٤، وعنده: الورق في الورق نقدًا.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٦١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٤.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٩/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٦٤٤.","vol":"11","page":379},{"text":"١١١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ (^١) قالا: حَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ الأعرَجِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أشهَدُ أنَّ السَّلَفَ المَضمونَ إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى قَد أحَلَّه اللهُ في كِتابِه وأذِنَ فيه. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] (^٢).\n\n١١١٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ قال: تَذاكَرْنا عِندَ إبراهيمَ الرَّهنَ والقَبيلَ في السَّلَمِ، فقالَ إبراهيمُ: حدثنا الأسوَدُ عن عائشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- اشتَرَى مِن يَهودِىٍّ طَعامًا إلَى أجَلٍ ورَهَنَه دِرعَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ عن المخزومِىِّ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٤). وروِّينا عن مِقسَمٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالرَّهنِ والقَبيلِ في السَّلَفِ (^٥).\n\n١١١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضبب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: وأبو بكر قالا. وكتب: قال\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٥٨)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٣، ٩٤. وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٦ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٦)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٣٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٠٩)، ومسلم (١٦٠٣/ ١٢٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٩٠).","vol":"11","page":380},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ أخبَرَه، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بالرَّهنِ والحَميلِ مَعَ السَّلَفِ بأسًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2473>بابُ السَّلَفِ في الشَّئِ لَيسَ في أيدِى النّاسِ إذا شَرَطَ مَحِلَّه في وقتٍ يَكونُ مَوجودًا فيهِ</span>\n\n١١٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ وهُم يُسلِفونَ في الثِّمارِ السَّنَتَينِ والثَّلاثَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أسلِفوا في الثِّمارِ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي نُعَيمٍ، وحَديثُ الفِريابِىِّ مِثلُه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ ووَزنٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ قال: وقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ. وقالَ: \"في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ ووَزنٍ مَعلومٍ\". وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٧٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٥٣)، ومسلم (١٦٠٤/ ١٢٨).","vol":"11","page":381},{"text":"١١٢٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبةُ (^١)، أخبرَنِى محمدٌ أو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي مُجالِدٍ قال: اختَلَفَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شَدّادٍ وأبو بُردَةَ في السَّلَفِ، فبَعَثونِى إلَى ابنِ أبي أوفَى فسألتُه فقالَ: إنْ (^٢) كُنّا نُسلِفُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ. زادَ ابنُ كَثيرٍ: إلَى قَومٍ ما هو عِندَهُم. ثُمَّ اتَّفَقا. فسألتُ ابنَ أبزَى فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانَ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي مُجالِدٍ قال: أرسَلَنِى أبو بُردَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ شَدّادٍ إلى [عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى] (^٥) وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى. قال: فسألتُهُما عن السَّلَفِ فقالا: كُنّا نُصيبُ المَغانِمَ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أبو شعبة\".\n(^٢) في س: \"إنا\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٢٢)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٨٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٤٢، ٢٢٤٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"عبد الله بن أبزى\". وفي ز: \"عبد الرحمن بن أبي أبزى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال","vol":"11","page":382},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ يأتينا أنباطُ الشّامِ (^١) فنُسلِفُهُم في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والزَّيتِ (^٢) إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى. قال: أكانَ لَهُم زَرعٌ أو لَم يَكُنْ لَهُم زَرعٌ؟ قال: ما كُنّا نَسألُهُم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن ابنِ مُبارَكِ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أنْ يَبيعَ الرَّجُلُ شَيئًا إلَى أجَلٍ لَيسَ عِندَه أصلُه (^٥).\n\n١١٢٠٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِثلَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أنباط الشام: قوم من العرب دخلوا في العجم والروم، واختلطت أنسابهم وفسدت ألسنتهم، وكان الذين اختلطوا بالعجم منهم ينزلون البطائح بين العراقين والذين اختلطوا بالروم ينزلون في بوادى الشام، ويقال لهم: النَّبَط، والنبيط، والأنباط، قيل: سموا بذلك لمعرفتهم بأنباط الماء أي: استخراجه لكثرة معالجتهم الفلاحة. ينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٤٣١.\n(^٢) في ز: \"الزبيب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩٦) من طريق الشيباني به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٥٤، ٢٢٥٥).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٩١)، وفي المعرفة (٣٥٧٠)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٧٣٧) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٩٤.","vol":"11","page":383},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2474>بابُ جَوازِ السَّلَمِ الحالِّ</span>\nقالَه عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ (^١).\n\n١١٢٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ يَعنِي القَطَوانِىَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: اشتَرَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَزورًا مِن أعرابِىٍّ بوَسقِ تَمرِ عَجوَةٍ، فطَلَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ أهلِه تَمرًا فلَم يَجِدْه، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلأعرابِىِّ، فصاحَ الأعرابِىُّ: واغَدراه! فقالَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: بَل أنتَ يا عَدوَّ اللهِ أغدَرُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"دَعُوه فإِنَّ لِصاحِبِ الحقِّ مَقالًا\". فأرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى خَولَةَ بنتِ حَكيمٍ، وبَعَثَ بالأعرابِىِّ مَعَ الرَّسولِ فقالَ: \"قُلْ لها: إِنِّى ابتَعتُ هذا الجَزورَ مِن هذا الأعرابِىِّ بوَسقِ تَمرِ عَجوَةٍ فلَم [أجِدْه عِندَ أهلِى] (^٣)، فأسلِفينِى (^٤) وسقَ تَمرِ عَجوَةٍ لِهَذا الأعرابِىِّ\". فلَمّا قَبَضَ الأعرابِىُّ حَقَّه رَجَعَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: \"قَبَضتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم، وأوفَيتَ وأطَبتَ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٩٤).\n(^٢) في س: \"الذرى\"، وفي ز: \"بن الدورى\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"أجد عند أهلى وفاء\".\n(^٤) في ز: \"فاستسلفينى\".","vol":"11","page":384},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أولَئكَ خيارُ النّاسِ؛ الموفونَ المُطِيبُون (^١) \". وفي رِوايَةِ أبي الأزهَرِ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ مَولَى بَنِي أسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بنُ عُروَةَ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ هذا الحديثُ مُختَصَرًا عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٠٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُحارِبِىِّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بسوقِ ذِى المَجازِ وأنا في بِياعَةٍ لِي، فمَرَّ وعَلَيه حُلَّةٌ حَمراءُ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، قولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. تُفلِحوا\". ورَجُلٌ يَتبَعُه يَرميه بالحِجارَةِ قَد أدمَى كَعبَيه، وهو يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا تُطيعوا هذا؛ فإِنَّه كَذّابٌ. فَقُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ فقيلَ: هذا غُلامٌ مِن بَنِي عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فقُلتُ: فمَن هَذا الذِى يَرميه بالحِجارَةِ؟ قيلَ: عَمُّه عبدُ العُزَّى أبو لَهَبِ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فلَمّا أظهَرَ اللهُ الإِسلامَ خَرَجنا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ ومعنا ظَعينَةٌ لَنا، حَتَّى نَزَلنا قَريبًا مِنَ المَدينَةِ، فبَينا نَحنُ قُعودٌ إذ أتانا رَجُلٌ عَلَيه ثَوبانِ، فسَلَّمَ عَلَينا فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ القَومُ؟ \". فقُلنا: مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ، ومعنا جَمَلٌ أحمَرُ. فقالَ: \"تَبيعونِى (^٤) الجَمَلَ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"بكَم؟ \". فقُلنا: بكَذا\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطت في الأصل، وكتب في الحاشية: \"كذا في أصل المؤلف: المطيّبون\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣١٢) من طريق هشام به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ١٣٩: وإسناد أحمد صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٢، وعنه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧٣) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بيعونى\".","vol":"11","page":385},{"text":"وكَذا صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ. قال: \"قَد أخَذتُه\". وما استَقصَى، فأخَذَ بخِطامِ الجَمَلِ فذَهَبَ به حَتَّى تَوارَى في حيطانِ المدينَةِ، فقالَ بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ: تَعرِفونَ الرَّجُلَ؟ فلَم يَكُنْ مِنّا أحَدٌ يَعرِفُه، فلامَ القَومُ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا وقالوا: تُعطونَ جَمَلَكُم مَن لا تَعرِفونَ! فقالَتِ الظَّعينَةُ: فلا تَلاوَموا، فلَقَد رأينا وجهَ رَجُلٍ لا يَغدِرُ بكُم، ما رأيتُ شَيئًا أشبَهَ بالقَمَرِ لَيلَةَ البَدرِ مِن وجهِه. فلَمّا كان العَشِىُّ أتانا رَجُلٌ فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللهِ، أأنتُم الَّذينَ جِئتُم مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ؟ قُلنا: نَعَم. قال: أنا رسولُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إليكمُ، وهو يأمُرُكُم أنْ تأكُلُوا مِن هذا التَّمرِ حَتَّى تَشبَعوا، وتَكتالوا حَتَّى تَستَوفوا. فأكَلْنا مِنَ التَّمرِ حَتَّى شَبِعْنا، واكتَلْنا حَتَّى استَوفَينا، ثُمَّ قَدِمْنا المَدينَةَ مِنَ الغَدِ، فإِذا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قائمٌ يَخطُبُ النّاسَ على المِنبَرِ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يَدُ المُعطِى العُليا، وابدأ بمَن تَعولُ؛ أُمَّكَ وأباكَ، وأُختَكَ وأخاكَ، وأدناكَ أدناكَ\". وثَمَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هَؤُلاءِ بَنو ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَربوعٍ الَّذينَ قَتَلُوا فُلانًا في الجاهِليَّةِ، فخُذ لَنا بثأرِنا. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَيه حَتَّى رأيتُ بَياضَ إبْطَيه فقالَ: \"لا تَجنِي أُمٌّ على ولَدٍ، لا تَجنِي أُمٌّ على ولَدٍ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\nورَواه أيضًا أبو جَنابٍ الكَلبِىُّ عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن قانع مختصرًا في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٤٤، ٤٥، والمصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٨٠ من طريق أبي جناب.","vol":"11","page":386},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2475>بابُ مَن أجازَ السَّلَمَ في الحَيَوانِ بسِنٍّ وصِفَةٍ وأجَلٍ مَعلومٍ إنْ كان إلَى أجَلٍ، ومَن كَرِهَهُ</span>\n\n١١٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ السِّجِستانِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: استَسلَفَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بكرًا، فجاءَته إبِلٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فأمَرَنِي أنْ أقضِىَ الرَّجُلَ بَكرَه، فقُلتُ: لَم أجِد في الإِبِلِ إلَّا جَمَلًا خيارًا رَباعيًا. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أعطِه إيّاه؛ فإِنَّ خيارَ النّاسِ أحسَنُهُم قَضاءً\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ النَّحوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٧٤). والشافعي ٣/ ١١٧، ٧/ ١٩٦، ومالك ٢/ ٦٨٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧١٨١)، والترمذي (١٣١٨)، والنسائي (٤٦٣١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤٦) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم في (١١٠٥٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٠٠/ ١١٨).","vol":"11","page":387},{"text":"ابنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان لِرَجُلٍ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- سِنٌّ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فجاءَ يَتَقاضاه فقالَ: \"أعطوه\". فطَلَبوا فلَم يَجِدوا إلَّا سِنًّا فوقَ سِنِّه فقالَ: \"أعطوه\". فقالَ: أوفَيتَنِي وفَّاكَ (^١) اللهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ خيارَكُم أحسَنُكُم قَضاءً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فهَذا الحديث الثّابِتُ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبِه آخُذُ، وفيه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ضَمِنَ بَعيرًا بالصِّفَةِ، وفِي هذا ما دَلَّ على أنَّه يَجوزُ أن يَضمَنَ الحَيَوانَ كُلَّه بصِفَةٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، أنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ باعَ جَمَلًا له يُقالُ له: عُصَيفيرٌ. بعِشرينَ بَعيرًا إلَى أجَلٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٢١٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ اشتَرَى\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"وقاك\"، وفي م: \"أوفاك\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وفَّاك\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٠٥٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٩٣)، ومسلم (١٦٠١/ ١٢٢).\n(^٤) الأم ٣/ ١١٧.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٩/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٥٢.","vol":"11","page":388},{"text":"راحِلَةً بأربَعَةِ أبعِرَةٍ مَضمونَةٍ عَلَيه، يُوفيها صاحِبَها بالرَّبَذَةِ (^١).\n\n١١٢١١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ شِهابٍ عن بَيعِ الحَيَوانِ اثنَينِ بواحِدٍ إلَى أجَلٍ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١١٢١٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا رِبَا في الحَيَوانِ (^٣).\n\n١١٢١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ (^٤) يَعنِي ابنَ حُمَيدٍ (^٥)، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالسَّلَفِ في الحَيَوانِ (^٦).\n\n١١٢١٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالسَّلَفِ (^٧) في الحَيَوانِ إذا كان سِنًّا مَعلومًا إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٩/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٥٢. وتقدم في (١٠٦٢٩).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٩/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٥٢.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٩٦٨).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"عُبَيدة\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا في أصل المؤلف، وضرب على قوله: يعني ابن حميد\".\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٨٠) من طريق أبي الفضل به.\n(^٧) ليس في: س.","vol":"11","page":389},{"text":"١١٢١٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ السَّلَفَ في الحَيَوانِ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا حَمّادٌ عن إبراهيمَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالسَّلَمِ في كُلِّ شَئٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ما خَلا الحَيَوانَ (^٣).\nوفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ، أنَّ بَعضَ مَن تَكَلَّمَ مَعَه في هذه المَسألَةِ قال له: إنَّما كَرِهنا السَّلَمَ في الحَيَوانِ لأنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ كَرِهَه.\nقَالَ الشّافِعِيُّ: هو مُنقَطِعٌ عنه، ويَزعُمُ الشَّعبِىُّ الَّذِى هو أكبَرُ مِنَ الَّذِى رَوَى عنه - كَراهيَتَه، أنَّه إنَّما أسَلَفَ (^٤) له في لِقاحِ فحلِ إبِلٍ بعَينِه، وهَذا مَكروهٌ عِندَنا وعِندَ كُلِّ أحَدٍ؛ هذا بَيعُ المَلاقيحِ والمَضامينِ، أو هُما (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١٦٠) من طريق عمار الدهنى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١٤٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٦٣ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) في س: \"أسلم\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٨٣)، والشافعي ٣/ ١٢١.","vol":"11","page":390},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يُريدُ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀برِوايَةِ مَن رَواه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُنقَطِعًا في الكَراهيَةِ - رِوايَةَ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، وأمَّا رِوايَةُ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ فهِىَ أيضًا مُنقَطِعَةٌ، سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ لَم يُدرِكِ ابنَ مَسعودٍ، وقَد قيلَ: عنه عن حُذَيفَةَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقُلتُ لمحمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ: أنتَ أخبَرتَنِي عن أبي يوسُفَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي البَختَرِىِّ، أنَّ بَنِي عَمٍّ لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ أتَوا واديًا، فصَنَعوا شَيئًا في إبِلِ رَجُلٍ قَطَعوا به لَبَنَ إبِلِه وقَتَلوا فِصالَها، فأتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وعِندَه ابنُ مَسعودٍ، فرَضِىَ بحُكمِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ، فحَكَمَ أنْ يُعطَى بواديه إبِلًا مِثلَ إبِلِه، وفِصالًا مِثلَ فِصالِه، فأنفَذَ ذَلِكَ عثمانُ، فتَروِى عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه يَقضِى في حَيَوانٍ بحَيوانٍ مِثلِه دينًا؛ لأنَّه إذا قَضَى به بالمَدينَةِ وأُعطيَه بواديه كان دَينًا، وتُريدُ أن تَروِىَ عن عثمانَ أنَّه يقولُ بقَولِه، وأنتُم تَروونَ عن المسعودِىِّ (^١) عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، قال: أُسلِمَ لِعَبدِ اللهِ في وُصَفاءَ (^٢)؛ أحَدُهُم أبو زيادَةَ أو أبو زائدَةَ مَولانا. وتَروونَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه أجازَ السَّلَمَ في الحَيَوانِ، وعن رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١١٢١٧ - قال الشيخُ: وروِىَ عن عُمَرَ أنَّه ذَكَرَ في أبوابِ الرِّبا أنْ يُسلَمَ في سِنٍّ.\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بن مسعود\".\n(^٢) وصفاء: جمع وصيف، هو الغلام. المغرب ٢/ ٣٥٧. وهذا يدلّ أن الباب يشمل الرقيق أيضا.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٨٣)، والشافعي ٣/ ١٢١.","vol":"11","page":391},{"text":"أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ قال: أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2476>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ الحَيَوانَ يُضبَطُ بالصِّفَةِ</span>\n\n١١٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُباشِرِ المرأةُ المَرأةَ تَنْعَتُها (^٢) لِزَوجِها كأنَّه يَنظُرُ إلَيها\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2477>بابُ: لا يَجوزُ السَّلَفُ حَتَّى يَدفَعَ المُسلِفُ ثَمَنَ ما سَلَّفَ فيه، ويَكونُ السَّلَفُ بكَيلٍ مَعلومٍ أو وزنٍ مَعلومٍ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: لأنَّ قَولَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سَلَّفَ فليُسَلِّفْ\". إنَّما قال: فليُعطِ.\nلا يَقَعُ اسمُ التَّسليفِ فيه حَتَّى يُعطيَه ما سَلَّفَه فيه قبلَ أنْ يُفارِقَ مَن سَلَّفَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٩٩٣) من طريق المسعودى به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، ص ٦: \"نعتها\"، وفي م: \"ثمَّ تنعتها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٦٨) عن ابن نمير به. وأبو داود (٢١٥٠)، والترمذي (٢٧٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٢٣١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٤١). ولم يعزه المزى إلى مسلم في تحفة الأشراف ٧/ ٤٠ (٩٢٥٢) وأشار الحميدى في الجمع بين الصحيحين (٢٦٩) إلى أنه من أفراد البخاري.\n(^٥) الأم ٣/ ٩٥.","vol":"11","page":392},{"text":"١١٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ وهُم يُسَلِّفونَ في التَّمرِ السَّنَتَينِ والثَّلاثَ، فقالَ: \"مَن سَلَّفَ في تَمرٍ، فليُسلِّفْ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ ووَزنٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُفيانَ، وعن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الكالِئِ بالكالِئِ (^٣). وعن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا نَرَى بالسَّلَفِ بأسًا؛ الوَرِقُ في شَئٍ، الوَرِقُ نَقدًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2478>بابُ: لا يَجوزُ السَّلَفُ حَتَّى يَكونَ بصِفَةٍ مَعلومَةٍ لا تَتَعَلَّقُ بعَينٍ</span>\n\n١١٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: عمرٌو أخبرَنِي، عن أبي البَختَرِىِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن السَّلَمِ في النَّخلِ قال: نُهِىَ (^٥) عن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه. قال: فسألتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٨) عن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم في (١١١٩٣، ١١٢٠٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٤٠، ٢٢٤١، ٢٢٥٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٦٣٣ - ١٠٦٣٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١١٩٤).\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٥، م: \"رسول الله -ﷺ-\".","vol":"11","page":393},{"text":"ابنَ عباسٍ فقال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى تأكُلَ مِنه أو يُؤكَلَ، وحَتَّى يوزَنَ. قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لِرَجُلٍ في الحَلْقَةِ: ما يوزَنُ؟ قال: يُحزَرُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١١٢٢١ - ورَواه عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ إلَّا أنَّه قال في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ: فقالَ: نَهَى عُمَرُ عن بَيعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَصلُحَ، ونَهَى عن الوَرِقِ بالذَّهَبِ نَساءً (^٣) بناجِزٍ. وقالَ في التَّفسيرِ: قُلتُ: ما يوزَنُ؟ قال رَجُلٌ عِندَه: حَتَّى يُحزَرَ (^٤). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَهُما (^٥). ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ دونَ رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٦).\n\n١١٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ نَجرانَ يقولُ: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: أسألُكَ عن السَّلَمِ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٧٠٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٤٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"نسيئا\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٤٩، ٢٢٥٠). بدون ذكر عمر، وجعله عن النبي -ﷺ-.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٧٣) عن محمَّد بن جعفر به مقتصرًا على سؤاله لابن عباس، والنهى عن بيع النخل. . .، بدون ذكر ابن عمر.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٣٧).","vol":"11","page":394},{"text":"النَّخلِ. فقالَ: أمَّا السَّلَمُ في النَّخلِ فإِنَّ رَجُلًا أسلَمَ في نَخلٍ لِرَجُلٍ، فلَم يَحمِلْ ذَلِكَ العامَ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"بمَ تأكُلُ مالَه؟ \". فأمَرَه فرَدَّ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ نَهَى عن السَّلَمِ في النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه (^١).\n\n١١٢٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن رَجُلٍ نَجرانِىٍّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أسلَفَ رَجُلًا في نَخلٍ فلَم يُخرِجْ تِلكَ السَّنَةَ شَيئًا، فاختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"بمَ تَستَحِلُّ مالَه؟ اردُدْ عَلَيه\". قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"لا تُسلِفوا في النَّخلِ حَتَّى يَبدوَ صَلاحُه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ أبي السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ حَمزَةَ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: إنَّ اللهَ لما أرادَ هُدَى زَيدِ بنِ سَعنَةَ (^٣). فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أنْ قال: فقالَ زَيدُ بنُ سَعنَةَ: يا محمدُ، هَل لَكَ أنْ تَبيعَنِي تَمرًا مَعلومًا إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ مِن حائطِ بَنِي فُلانٍ؟ قال: \"لا يا يَهودِىُّ ولَكِنِّى أُبيعُكَ تَمرًا مَعلومًا إلَى كَذا وكَذا مِنَ الأجَلِ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٠٥٢) مطولًا. وأخرجه أحمد (٥١٢٩) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧٥٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٦٧) عن محمَّد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٦٣١٦) من طريق سفيان به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٥٠).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٥، ص ٦: \"شعنة\" بالشين المعجمة، وينظر الإصابة ٤/ ٩٢.","vol":"11","page":395},{"text":"أُسَمِّى مِن حائطِ بَنِي فُلانٍ\". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فبايَعَنِي فأطلَقْتُ هِميانِي (^١) فأعطَيتُه ثَمانينَ دينارًا في تَمرٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى كَذا وكَذا مِنَ الأجَلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2479>بابُ: لا يَجوزُ السَّلَفُ حَتَّى يَكونَ بثَمَنٍ مَعلومٍ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ أو وزنٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ لا يَختَلِفُ إنْ كان إلَى أجَلٍ </span>(^٣)\nلِقولِه -ﷺ-: \"في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ ووَزنٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ\" (^٤). وَنَهيِه عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^٥).\n\n١١٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا سَلَفَ إلَى العَطاءِ، ولا إلَى الحَصادِ، ولا إلَى الأَندَرِ، ولا إلَى العَصيرِ، واضرِبْ له أجَلًا (^٦).\n\n١١٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ [إسحاقَ النَّجّارُ] (^٧) المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا القاضِى إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ هو الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم معناه قبل (٩٢٥٩).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠١ - ٣٠٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٨٨) من طريق محمد بن أبي السرى به. وسيأتى في (١١٣٩٤) بنفس الإسناد مطولا.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"معلوم\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١١٩٨، ١١٢٠٠) من حديث ابن عباس.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٥١٥، ١٠٧٠٨، ١٠٩٥٠، ١٠٩٧٦، ١٠٩٧٧) من حديث أبي هريرة، وفي (١٠٧٠٩، ١٠٩٥١) من حديث ابن عمر.\n(^٦) جزء سعدان (١٣٢). ومن طريقه ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٧) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: إسحاق بن النجار\".","vol":"11","page":396},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ السَّلَمَ إلَى الحَصادِ والقَصيلِ (^١) والبَيدَرِ، ولَكِنْ سَمِّه شَهرًا.\n\n١١٢٢٧ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن نُبَيحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: السَّلَمُ كما يُقَوَّمُ السِّعرُ رِبًا، ولَكِن كَيلٌ مَعلومٌ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ، واستَكثِرْ ما استَطَعتَ. وفي رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: أسلِفْ (^٢) في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ، واستَكثِرْ مِنه ما استَطَعتَ.\n\n١١٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَنهَى عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ بسِعرِ البَيدَرِ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُندارِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الفصيل\".\nوالقصيل: الشعير يجز أخضر لعلف الدواب. قال الفارابى: سمى قصيلًا لأنه يقصل وهو رطب.\nوقال ابن فارس: لسرعة انقصاله وهو رطب. المصباح المنير ص ١٩٣ (ق ص ل).\n(^٢) في ز: \"استلف\".\n(^٣) الجعديات (١١٦٤).","vol":"11","page":397},{"text":"عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أنْ يَشتَرِىَ إلَى يُسرِهِ.\n\n١١٢٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا كُلَيبُ ابنُ وائلٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: كانَت لِى على رَجُلٍ دَراهِمُ، فأتَيتُه أتَقاضاه فقالَ: لَيسَ عِندِى، ولَكِنْ أكتُبُها على طَعامٍ إلَى الحَصادِ. قال: لا يَصلُحُ.\n\n١١٢٣١ - وأمَّا الحديثُ الَّذِى حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُمارَةَ ابنِ أبي حَفصَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ: قَدِمَ تاجِرٌ بمَتاعٍ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَو ألقَيتَ هَذَينِ الثَّوبَينِ الغَليظَينِ عَنكَ (^١)، وأرسَلتَ إلَى فُلانٍ التّاجِرِ فباعَكَ ثَوبَينِ إلَى المَيسَرَةِ. فبَعَثَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- أنْ \"أرسِلْ إلَىَّ ثَوبَينِ إلَى الميسَرَةِ\". فقالَ: إنَّ محمدًا يُريدُ أنْ يَذهَبَ بمالِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"واللهِ لَقَد عَلِموا أنِّى أدّاهُم لِلأمانَةِ وأخشاهُم للهِ\". ونَحوَ هَذا (^٢). فهَذا مَحمولٌ على أنَّه استَدعَى البَيعَ إلَى الميسَرَةِ، لا أنَّه عَقَدَ إلَيها بَيعًا، ثُمَّ لَو أجابَه إلَى ذَلِكَ أشبَهَ أنْ يوَقِّتَ وقتًا مَعلومًا، أو يَعقِدَ البَيعَ مُطلَقًا، ثُمَّ يَقضيَه مَتَى ما أيسَرَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"عنده\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٦٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٤١) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذي (١٢١٣)، والنسائي (٤٦٤٢) من طريق عمارة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٩٦٩).","vol":"11","page":398},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2480>بابُ السَّلَفِ في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيِر والزَّبيبِ والزَّيتِ والثّيابِ وجَميعِ ما يُضبَطُ بالصِّفَةِ</span>\n\n١١٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الملِكِ بنِ أبي الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبي المُجالِدِ قال: بَعَثَنِي أبو بُردَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ شَدّادٍ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى أسألُه: أكُنتُم تُسلِمونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والزَّبيبِ؟ فسألتُه فقالَ: كُنّا نُسلِمُ إلَى نَبيطِ الشّامِ في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والزَّبيبِ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ. قُلتُ: إلَى مَن كان له زَرعٌ؟ قال: ما كُنّا نَسألُهُم عن ذَلِكَ. قال: وبَعَثانِي إلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبزَى (^١) فقالا: سَلْه: هَل كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُسلِمونَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والزَّبيبِ؟ فقالَ: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُسلِمونَ في الحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والزَّبيبِ إلَى نَبيطِ الشّامِ في كَيلٍ مَعلومٍ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ، وما كانوا يَسألونَ: ألَكُم حَرثٌ أم لا؟ رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ ابنِ زيادٍ (^٢).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ فقالَ: الزَّيتِ. بَدَلَ الزَّبيبِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"أبي أبزى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥٠١.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٤٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٢٠٢).","vol":"11","page":399},{"text":"ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن ابنِ أبي (^١) مُجالِدٍ فقالَ: [والزَّبيبِ أو التَّمرِ. شَكَّ] (^٢) في الزَّبيبِ والتَّمرِ (^٣).\nورَواه زائدَةُ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي مُجالِدٍ فقالَ: والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في السَّلَفِ في الكَرابيسِ قال: إذا كان ذَرعٌ مَعلومٌ إلَى أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ فلا بأسَ (^٥).\n\n١١٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لا بأسَ أنْ يُسلِمَ في اللَّحمِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ز.\n(^٢) في س: \"والزبيب والتمر. شك\"، وفي ص ٥: \"والتمر\"، وفي ز: \"والتمر والزبيب، أو التمر. شك\"، وفي م: \"والتمر والزبيب. وشك\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٢٠١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد عقب (١٩٣٩٦) من طريق زائدة به. وعنده: \"والزيت\". بدل: \"والزبيب\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٧٠٥) عن هشيم به. بدون ذكر ابن عباس.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢١٥٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"11","page":400},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2481>بابُ السَّلَفِ فيما يُباعُ كَيلًا في الوَزنِ (^١) مِثلَ السَّمنِ والعَسَلِ وما أشبَهَه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فإِنْ قال قائلٌ: فكَيفَ كان يُباعُ في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ قُلنا: اللهُ أعلمُ، أمَّا الَّذِي أدرَكْنا المُتَبايعِينِ عَلَيه بما (^٢) قَلَّ مِنه يُباعُ كَيلًا، والجُملَةُ الكَثيرَةُ (^٣) تُباعُ وزنًا، ودَلالَةُ الأخبارِ على مِثلِ ما أدرَكْنا النّاسَ عَلَيهِ، قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: لا آكُلُ السَّمنَ ما دامَ السَّمنُ يُباعُ بالأواقِ. ويُشبِهُ (^٤) الأواقِ أنْ تَكونَ كَيلًا (^٥).\n\n١١٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّاب بخُبزٍ وزَيتٍ فقالَ: أما واللهِ لَتَمْرَننَّ (^٦) أيُّها البَطنُ على الخُبزِ والزَّيتِ ما دامَ السَّمنُ يُباعُ بالأواقِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"الورق\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فما\".\n(^٣) في س، ز: \"الكبيرة\".\n(^٤) في م: \"وتشبه\".\n(^٥) الأم ٣/ ١٠٥.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٥، م، والمهذب ٤/ ٢١٥٣: \"لتمرين\"، وفي ز: \"لتمرتن\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لتمررن\". اهـ. والمثبت موافق لما في مصادر التخريج سوى الزهد لأبي داود، ففيه كما في حاشية الأصل: \"لتمررن\".\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٢١٣، وأحمد في فضائل الصحابة (٤٧١)، وأبو داود في الزهد (٥٩)، وابن أبي الدنيا في الجوع (٢٨) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.","vol":"11","page":401},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2482>بابُ: المِسكُ طاهِرُ يَحِلُّ بَيعُه وشِراؤُه والسَّلَفُ فيهِ</span>\n\n١١٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (^١) الحارِثِىُّ، حَدَّثَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّما مَثَلُ جَليسِ الصّالِحِ وجَليسِ السَّوءِ كَحامِلِ المِسكِ ونافِخِ الكيرِ؛ حامِلُ المِسكِ إمّا أنْ يُحذيَكَ، وإِمّا أنْ تَبتاعَ مِنه، وإِمّا أنْ تَجِدَ مِنه ريحًا طَيِّبَةً، ونافِخُ الكيرِ إمّا أنْ يُحرِقَ ثيابَكَ، وإِمّا أنْ تَجِدَ ريحًا خَبيثَةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ حَديثُ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"المِسكُ أطيَبُ الطّيبِ\" (^٤). ومَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ حَديثُ عائشةَ: كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى وبيصِ المِسكِ في مَفرِقِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٥).\n\n١١٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"المجيد\". وفي م: \"الجبار\". والمثبت هو الصواب. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٥٠٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (١١)، والشعب (٩٤٣٥)، والآداب (٣٠٧). وفي الآداب: \"يزيد\" بدلًا من: \"بريد\". وأخرجه ابن حبَّان (٥٦١) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (١٩٦٢٤) من طريق بريد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٣٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٢٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٧٨٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٩٠٣٢).","vol":"11","page":402},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنْجِىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ -قال ابنُ وهبٍ في رِوايَتِه: أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ أبي سلَمة - قالَت: لما تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُمَّ سلَمةَ قال لَها: \"إنِّى قَد أهدَيتُ إلَى النَّجاشِىِّ أواقٍ مِن مِسكٍ وحُلَّةً، وإِنِّى لا أُراه إلَّا [وقد] (^١) ماتَ، ولا أُرَى الهَديَّةَ التي أَهْدَيْتُ إلَيه إلَّا سَتُرَدُّ، فإِذا رُدَّت إلَيَّ فهِىَ لَكِ أو: لَكُنَّ (^٢) \". فكانَ كما قال؛ هَلَكَ النَّجاشِىُّ، فلَمّا رُدَّت إلَيه الهَديَّةُ أعطَى كُلَّ امرأةٍ مِن نِسائِه أوقيَّةً مِن ذَلِكَ المِسكِ، وأعطَى سائرَه أُمَّ سلَمةَ وأعطاها الحُلَّةَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ مُسَدَّدٍ: \"إلَّا سَتُرَدُّ علىَّ، فإِن رُدَّت علىَّ -أظُنُّه قال- قَسَمتُها بَينَكُنَّ، أو: فهِىَ لَكِ\". قال: فكانَ كما قَالَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2483>بابُ مَن أقالَ المُسلَمَ إلَيه بَعضَ السَّلَمِ وقَبَضَ بَعضًا</span>\n\n١١٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَروفٍ المَدينِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في ز، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"قد\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لكم\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٧٦)، وابن حبان (٥١١٤) من طريق مسلم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ١٤٨: وفيه مسلم بن خالد الزنجى، وثقه ابن معين وغيره، وضعفه جماعة، وأم موسى بن عقبة أعرفها، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"11","page":403},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أقالَ مُسلِمًا أقالَه اللهُ عَثرَتَه (^١) \". وفي رِوايَةِ المِصرِىِّ: \"مَن أقالَ نادِمًا أقالَه اللهُ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سامٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أقالَ نادِمًا أقالَه اللهُ تَعالَى يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ إملاءً بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الفَرْوِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ.\n\n١١٢٤١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ (^٤)، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أقالَ مُسلِمًا عَثرَتَه أقالَه اللهُ تَعالَى يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قال أبو العباسِ: كان إسحاقُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"عثره\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٦٠)، وابن حبَّان (٥٠٣٠) من طريق يحيى بن معين به. وابن ماجه (٢١٩٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٢٩) من طريق الفروى به.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بن أنس\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بن أنس\".","vol":"11","page":404},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ عن مالكٍ عن سُمَىٍّ، فحَدَّثَنا به مِن أصلِ كِتابِه عن سُهَيلٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا المَتنُ غَيرُ مَتنِ حَديثِ سُمَىٍّ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوروِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعٍ عن أبي صالِحٍ:\n\n١١٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الحَميدِ الأدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى الصَّنعانِىُّ (^٢) البُوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أقالَ نادِمًا أقالَه اللهُ نَفسَه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ موسَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: إذا أسلَمتَ في شَئٍ فلا بأسَ أن تأخُذَ بَعضَ سَلَمِكَ وبَعضَ رأسِ مالِكَ، فذَلِكَ المَعروفُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٠٧٦). وأخرجه الخرائطى في مكارم الأخلاق (٤١٢) عن عبد الله بن أحمد الدورقى به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٦/ ٣٤٥ من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الصغانى\".\n(^٣) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٠/ ١٨٦ من طريق الحسن ابن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٠٥)، وجزء سفيان بن عيينة (٤١). وأخرجه محمد بن الحسن في =","vol":"11","page":405},{"text":"ورَوَى جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَعنَى قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). والمَشهورُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nوروِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ مَعنَى قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن داودَ ابنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ أنْ يَبتاعَ البَيعَ ثُمَّ يَرُدَّه ويَرُدَّ مَعَه دَراهِمَ.\nوفِي هذا دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ الإِقالَةَ فسخٌ، فلا تَجوزُ إلَّا برأسِ المالِ، وأمَّا التَّوليَةُ فهِىَ بَيعٌ (^٤). قالَه الحَسَنُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سيرينَ وعَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ الشَّرِكَةُ عِندَنا، فلا تَجوزانِ (^٦) في السَّلَمِ قبلَ القَبضِ لِما مَضَى في النَّهىِ عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ قبلَ القَبضِ (^٧).\n_________\n= الحجة ٢/ ٥٩٥، ٥٩٦، وعبد الرزاق (١٤١٠٢) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٣٧) من طريق سعيد بن جبير به.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١٠٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٤١) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٣/ ٨٥، والتمهيد ٩/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٢٤٢) عن عطاء به.\n(^٤) في س: \"تبع\".\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٥٣، ١٤٢٥٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٥٩٧، ٢١٦٠٢، ٢١٦٠٤).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل. \"تجوز\".\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٠٧٧٣، ١٠٧٧٤).","vol":"11","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2484>بابُ مَن عُجِّلَ له أدنَى مِن حَقِّه قبلَ مَحِلِّه فقَبِلَه ووَضَعَ عنه طَيِّبَةً به أنفُسُهما</span>\n\n١١٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا رِبعِىُّ ابنُ عُلَيَّهَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبي اليَسَرِ صاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أحَبَّ أن يُظِلَّه اللهُ في ظِلِّه فليُنظِرْ مُعسِرًا أو ليَضَعْ له\" (^١).\nقَد مَضَى في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن أبي قَتادَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سَرَّه أنْ يُنْجِيَه اللهُ مِن كُرَبِ يَومِ القيامَةِ فليُنظِرْ مُعسِرًا أو ليَضَعْ عنه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أنْ يَقولَ: أُعَجِّلُ لَكَ وتَضَعُ عَنِّي.\nوقَد روِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١١٢٤٧ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَوهَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ المدَنِىُّ] (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٩٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٠٧٨).\n(^٣) عَلَّم عليه في الأصل: \"لا إجازة. . . إلى\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على =","vol":"11","page":407},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ جَزَرَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى أبو صالِحٍ وهَذا لَفظُه، قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىُّ المَكِّىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىِّ ابنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما أمَرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بإِخراجِ بَنِي النَّضيرِ مِنَ المدينَةِ جاءَه ناسٌ مِنهُم فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّكَ أمَرتَ بإِخراجِهِم ولَهُم على النّاسِ دُيونٌ لَم تَحِلَّ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"ضَعوا وتَعَجَّلوا\" أو قال: \"وتَعاجَلوا\" (^١).\nورَواه الواقِدِىُّ في \"سيره\" عن ابنِ أخِى الزُّهرِيِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2485>بابُ: لا خَيرَ في أنْ يُعَجِّلَه بشَرطِ أنْ يَضَعَ عَنهُ</span>\n\n١١٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن بُسرِ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ مَولَى السَّفّاحِ أنَّه قال: بعتُ بَزًّا (^٣) مِن أهلِ السّوقِ إلَى أجَلٍ، ثُمَّ أرَدتُ الخُروجَ إلَى الكوفَةِ، فعَرَضوا علىَّ\n_________\n= المعلم عليه بـ \"لا\" \"إلى\". وكتب فوقه في النسخة ز: \"إجازة\".\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٢. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٤٦ من طريق الدورى به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٢٧٧)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٦٧٥٥) من طريق مسلم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ١٣٠: وفيه مسلم بن خالد الزنجى وهو ضعيف وقد وثق.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٥: \"بشر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"برا\".","vol":"11","page":408},{"text":"أنْ أضَعَ عَنهُم ويَنقُدونِي، فسألتُ عن ذَلِكَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ فقالَ: لا آمُرُكَ أنْ تأكُلَ هذا ولا تُؤكِلَه (^١).\n\n١١٢٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ (^٢) حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ خَلدَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ يَكونُ له الدَّينُ على الرَّجُلِ إلَى أجَلٍ فيَضَعُ عنه صاحِبُه ويُعَجِّلُ له الآخَرُ، قال: فكَرِهَ ابنُ عُمَرَ ذَلِكَ ونَهَى عَنه (^٣).\n\n١١٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه (^٤)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي المِنهالِ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ: قُلتُ: لِرَجُلٍ علىَّ دَينٌ. فقالَ لِي: عَجِّلْ لِي وأضَعُ عَنكَ. فنَهانِي عنه وقالَ: نَهَى أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ -يَعنِي عُمَرَ - أنْ نَبيعَ العَينَ بالدَّينِ (^٥).\nوروِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ:\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٠/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٦٧٢. ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٤/ ١٣٠.\n(^٢) بعده في ز: \"أبي\".\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٦٧٢\n(^٤) في ز: \"حمدويه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٥٩) عن سفيان به.","vol":"11","page":409},{"text":"١١٢٥١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا غانِمُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى الأسلَمِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عباسٍ، عن أبي النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ قال: أسلَفتُ رَجُلًا مِائَةَ دينارٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ سَهمِى في بَعثٍ بَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقُلتُ له: عَجِّلْ لِى تِسعينَ دينارًا وأحُطُّ عَشَرَةَ دَنانيرَ.\nفقالَ: نَعَم. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أكَلتَ رِبًا يا مِقدادُ وأطعَمتَه\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2486>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَقولَ: أسلَمتُ عِندَ فُلانٍ في كَذا. وليَقُلْ: سَلَّفتُ</span>\n\n١١٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ هذه الكَلِمَةَ: أُسلِمُ في كَذا وكَذا. ويَقولُ: إنَّما الإِسلامُ للهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2487>بابُ التَّسعيرِ</span>\n\n١١٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤١١٥) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"11","page":410},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ سَعِّرْ. فقالَ: \"بَل ادعُ (^١) اللهَ\". ثُمَّ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ سَعِّرْ. قال: \"بَلِ اللهُ يَرفَعُ ويَخفِضُ، وإِنِّى لأرجو أنْ ألقَى اللهَ ولَيسَت لأحَدٍ عِندِى مَظلِمَةٌ\" (^٢). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن العَلاءِ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ الفامِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ ابنُ مِنهالٍ وعَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ وثابِتٍ وحُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: غَلا السِّعرُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَد غَلا السِّعرُ، فسَعِّرْ لَنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ هو المُسَعِّرُ القابِضُ الباسطُ الرّازِقُ (^٥)، وإِنِّى لأرجو أنْ ألقَى رَبِّى ولَيسَ أحَدٌ مِنكُم يَطلُبُنِي بمَظلِمَةٍ في دَمٍ ولا مالٍ\" (^٦).\n\n١١٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ الوَكيلُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أدعو\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٤٨) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٥٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٥٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"الرزاق\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٥٧) عن عفان به. والترمذي (١٣١٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٠٠) من طريق حجاج به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"11","page":411},{"text":"المحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ هو الخالِقُ القابِضُ الباسِطُ الرّازِقُ (^١) المُسَعِّرُ\" (^٢).\nأخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^٣).\nوروِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n١١٢٥٦ - وأمَّا الأثَرُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: مَرَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ على حاطِبِ بنِ أبي بَلتَعَةَ وهو يَبيعُ زَبيبًا له بالسّوقِ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: إمّا أنْ تَزيدَ في السِّعرِ، وإِمّا أنْ تَرفَعَ مِن سوقِنا (^٥). فهَذا مُختَصَرٌ، وتَمامُه فيما:\n\n١١٢٥٧ - رَوَى الشّافِعِيُّ عن الدَّراوَردِىِّ عن داودَ بنِ صالِحٍ التَّمّارِ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عُمَرَ أنَّه مَرَّ بحاطِبٍ بسوقِ المُصَلَّى وبَينَ يَدَيه غِرارَتانِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"الرزاق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (١١١) من طريق الدارمي به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٥١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٤٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٠١) من حديث أبي سعيد. والطبراني في المعجم الصغير ٢/ ٧ من حديث ابن عباس. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٧٤): هذا إسناد فيه مقال؛ سعيد هو ابن أبي عروبة اختلط بأخرة لكن عبد الأعلى الشامى روى عنه قبل الاختلاط، ومحمد بن زياد، قال الذهبي: روى له البخاري مقرونا بغيره. وقال ابن حبان في الثقات: وربما أخطأ. وباقى رجال الإسناد ثقات.\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٦٥١.","vol":"11","page":412},{"text":"فيهِما زَبيبٌ، فسألَه عن سِعرِهِما، فسَعَّرَ له مُدَّينِ لِكُلِّ دِرهَمٍ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: قَد حُدِّثتُ بعيرٍ مُقبِلَةٍ مِنَ الطّائفِ تَحمِلُ زَبيبًا، وهُم يَعتَبِرونَ بسِعرِكَ، فإِمّا أنْ تَرفَعَ في السِّعرِ، وإِمّا أنْ تُدخِلَ زَبيبَكَ البَيتَ فتَبيعَه كَيفَ شِئتَ. فلَمّا رَجَعَ عُمَرُ حاسَبَ نَفسَه، ثُمَّ أتَى حاطِبًا في دارِه فقالَ له: إنَّ الَّذِى قُلتُ لَيسَ بعَزمَةٍ مِنِّي ولا قَضاءٍ، إنَّما هو شَئٌ أرَدتُ به الخَيرَ لأهلِ البَلَدِ، فحَيثُ شِئتَ فبعْ، وكَيفَ شِئتَ فبِعْ. وهَذا فيما كَتَبَ إلَيَّ أبو نُعَيمٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ أنَّ أبا عَوانَةَ أخبَرَهُم قال: حدثنا المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2488>بابُ ما جاءَ في الاِحتِكارِ</span>\n\n١١٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ ابنةِ يَحيَى بنِ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى قال: كان سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ مَعمَرًا قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ احتَكَرَ فهو خاطِئٌ\". فقالَ إنسانٌ لِسَعيدٍ: فإِنَّكَ تَحتَكِرُ. فقالَ سعيدٌ: مَعمَرٌ الَّذِي كان يُحَدِّثُ هذا الحديثَ كان يَحتَكِرُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٩٢)، ومختصر المزنى ص ٩٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٦١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد الأنصاري به. والترمذي (١٢٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٢١٥٤)، وابن حبَّان (٤٩٣٦) من طريق سعيد بن المسيّب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٥/ ١٢٩).","vol":"11","page":413},{"text":"١١٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن عمرِو (^١) بنِ يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن مَعمَرِ بنِ أبي مَعمَرٍ أحَدِ بَنِي عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحتَكِرُ إلَّا خاطِئٌ\".\nفقُلتُ لِسَعيدٍ: فإِنَّكَ تَحتَكِرُ. قال: ومَعمَرٌ كان يَحتَكِرُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: أحَدِ بَنِي عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ. وزادَ في آخِرِه: قال عمرٌو: كان سعيدٌ يَحتَكِرُ الزَّيتَ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" قال: حَدَّثَنِي أصحابُنا عن عمرِو بنِ عَونٍ. (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: للاِحتِكارِ تَفصيلٌ يُذكَرُ في الفِقهِ، وظَنِّى بهِما أنَّهُما احتَكَرا على غَيرِ الوَجهِ المَنهِىِّ عَنه.\nوروِّينا عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنْ يُحتَكَرَ الطَّعامُ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"معمر\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"الزبيب\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٤٧) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٥/ ٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٦٤٢)، والطبراني (٧٧٧٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١١.","vol":"11","page":414},{"text":"حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الغَسيلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ احتَكَرَ يُريدُ أنْ يُغالِىَ بها على المُسلِمينَ فهو خاطِئٌ، وقَد بَرِئَت مِنه ذِمَّةُ اللهِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٢٦١ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أبي لَيلَى أبو المُعَلَّى العَدَوِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: دَخَلَ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ زيادٍ على مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، فقالَ مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن دَخَلَ في شَئٍ من أسعارِ المُسلِمينَ ليُغليَه عَلَيهِم كان حَقًّا على اللهِ أنْ يَقذِفَه في مُعظَمٍ مِنَ النّارِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن زَيدٍ. زادَ فيه: \"رأسُه أسفَلَه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عليِّ بنِ سالِمِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الجالِبُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٦١٧) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٥٨: هذا حديث منكر؛ تفرد به إبراهيم بن إسحاق الغسيلى، وكان ممن يسرق الحديث.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٩٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣١٣) من طريق أبي المعلى به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٥٨: أبو المعلى مقل وثقه ابن معين.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٢، ١٣ من طريق المعتمر به.","vol":"11","page":415},{"text":"مَرزوقٌ، والمُحتَكِرُ مَلعونٌ\" (^١). [تَفَرَّدَ به علىُّ بنُ سالِمٍ عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ. قال البخاريُّ (^٣): لا يُتابَعُ في حَديثِهِ] (^٢) (^٤).\n\n١١٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ خَرَجَ إلَى السّوقِ، فرأى ناسًا يَحتَكِرونَ بفَضلِ أذهابِهِم (^٥)، فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا ولا نُعمَةَ عَينٍ، يأتينا اللهُ ﷿ بالرِّزقِ، حَتَّى إذا نَزَلَ بسوقِنا قامَ أقوامٌ فاحتَكَروا بفَضلِ أذهابِهِم عن الأرمَلَةِ والمِسكينِ، إذا خَرَجَ الجُلَّابُ (^٦) باعوا على نَحوِ ما يُريدونَ مِنَ التَّحَكُّمِ، ولَكِنْ أيُّما جالِبٍ جَلَبَ يَحمِلُه على عَمودِ كَبِدِه في الشِّتاءِ والصَّيفِ حَتَّى يَنزِلَ سوقَنا، فذَلِكَ ضَيفٌ لِعُمَرَ، فليَبِعْ كَيفَ شاءَ اللهُ، وليُمسِكْ كَيفَ شاءَ اللهُ. وذَكَرَه مالكٌ في \"الموطأ\" مُرسَلًا عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٥٣) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٥٨: علىٌّ عن عليٍّ ضُعِّفا.\n(^٢) ليس في: ز، ص ٥.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٤) هو علي بن سالم بن شوال. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٨٨، وثقات ابن حبان ٧/ ٢١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٤٤٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٣٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٧: ضعيف. وتقدم الكلام على علي بن زيد في ١/ ٣١.\n(^٥) الذهب معروف، وجمع جمعه أذهاب. ينظر الاقتضاب في تفسير غريب الموطأ ٢/ ٢٠٢، وشرح الزرقاني ٣/ ٣٨١.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت هذا: الجلاب بتشديد اللام جمع جالب نحو كافر وكفار، وأما الجلاب المشروب فهو بالتخفيف، ولا عبرة بالعامة والله أعلم.\". ونحوه في النسخة س.","vol":"11","page":416},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2489>بابُ مَن سَلَّفَ في شَئٍ فلا يَصرِفُه إلَى غَيرِه ولا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَقبِضَهُ</span>\n\n١١٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ. وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ خَيثَمَةَ، عن سَعدٍ الطّائىِّ، عن عَطيَّةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أسلَفتَ في شَئٍ فلا تَصرِفْه إلَى غَيرِه\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الرّوذبارِىِّ: \"مَن أسلَفَ في شَئٍ فلا يَصرِفْه إلَى غَيرِه\" (^٢).\nوالاعتِمادِ على حَديثِ النَّهىِ عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ قبلَ أنْ يُستَوفَى (^٣)؛ فإِنَّ عَطيَّةَ العَوفىَّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٥١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٤٦٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٨٣) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن نمير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٥١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٧٧٦) وسيأتى قريبًا.\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٢٨٠٣).","vol":"11","page":417},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ خُلَيدَةَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن السَّلَفِ، قُلتُ: إنّا نُسلِفُ فنَقولُ: إنْ أُعطينا (^١) بُرًّا فبِكَذا، وإِنْ أُعطينا تَمرًا فبِكَذا. قال: أسلِمْ في كُلِّ صِنفٍ ورِقًا مَعلومَةً، فإِنْ أعطاكَه وإِلَّا فخُذْ رأسَ مالِكَ، ولا تَرُدَّه في سِلعَةٍ أُخرَى (^٢).\n\n١١٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه دَخَلَ على مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ وهو بالمَدينَةِ، وكانَ مَروانُ قَد أحَلَّ بَيعَ الصُّكوكِ التي بالآجالِ قبلَ أنْ تُستَوفَى، فقالَ له أبو هريرةَ: أحلَلتَ الرِّبا؛ بَيعَ الطَّعامِ قبلَ أنْ يُستَوفَى، وأشهَدُ لَسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ ابتاعَ طَعامًا فلا يَبيعُه حَتَّى يَستَوفيَه\". فرَدَّ مَروانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ذَلِكَ البَيعَ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِي الضَّحّاكُ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال لمروانَ: أحلَلْتَ بَيعَ الصِّكاكِ وقَد نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"أعطيتنا\".\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٥٩٤) عن حصين به.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"المقرئ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٩٨٩) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.","vol":"11","page":418},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ قبلَ أنْ يُستَوفَى. قال: فخَطَبَ مَروانُ ونَهَى عن بَيعِها. قال سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ: فرأيتُ الحَرَسَ يأخُذونَها مِن أيدِى النّاسِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ فِي \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2490>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ الكَيلِ إذا كان قَد سَلَّفَ في شَئٍ بكَيلٍ</span>\n\n١١٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ ابتاعَ شَيئًا، فحُثِىَ له في المِكيالِ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: أرسِلْ يَدَكَ ولا تُمسِكْ على رأسِه؛ فإِنَّما لِي ما أخَذَ المِكيالُ.\n\n١١٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجِ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: لا دَقَّ ولا رَدمَ (^٣) ولا زَلزَلَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2491>بابُ أصلِ الوَزنِ والكَيلِ بالحِجازِ</span>\nوهَذا مِن مَسائلِ الرِّبا إذا بيعَ جِنسُ الواحِدِ بَعضُه ببَعضٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٨٩) عن عبد الله بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٢٨/ ٤٠).\n(^٣) في س: \"ودم\"، وفي م: \"رزم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٥٩٨). والشافعي ٣/ ١٠٢.","vol":"11","page":419},{"text":"١١٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المكيالُ مِكيالُ أهلِ المدينَةِ، والوَزنُ وزنُ أهلِ مَكَّةَ\" (^١).\n\n١١٢٧١ - وأخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا نَصرُ ابنُ علىٍّ (ح) وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو ابنُ علىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَنظَلَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"المِكيالُ مِكيالُ أهلِ مَكَّةَ، والميزانُ ميزانُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ\". قال سُلَيمانُ: هَكَذا رَواه أبو أحمدَ فقالَ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فخالَفَ أبا نُعَيمٍ في لَفظِ الحديثِ، والصَّوابُ ما رَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ بالإِسنادِ واللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2492>بابُ ما جاءَ في ابتِغاءِ البَرَكَةِ مِن كَيلِ الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n١١٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ، وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطبراني (١٣٤٤٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤٠)، والنسائي (٢٥١٩، ٤٦٠٨) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٤٨٥٤) عن عمرو بن علي ومحمد بن المثنى به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٧٨: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"11","page":420},{"text":"المُبارَكِ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كيلوا طَعامَكُم يُبارَكْ لَكُم (^١) \" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٧٣ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ويَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ وقالا: \"يُبارَكْ لَكُم فيه\". أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي حَسّانَ الأنماطِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ثَورٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبي مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ. فدَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٧٤ - ورَواه أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ قال: حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ثَورِ ابنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن المِقدامِ. أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ. فذَكَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"فيه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٧) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. بلفظ: يبارك لكم.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩١٨) من طريق الوليد به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ٢١٧ من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٢٨).","vol":"11","page":421},{"text":"١١٢٧٥ - ورَواه بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن بَحيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كيلوا طَعامَكُم يُبارَكْ لَكُم فيه\". أخبرَناه أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ البَزّارُ (^١)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2493>بابُ تَركِ التَّطفيفِ في الكَيلِ</span>\n\n١١٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ النَّحوِىُّ أنَّ عِكرِمَةَ حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ كانوا مِن أخبَثِ النّاسِ كَيلًا، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ﴾ [المطففين: ١] فأحسَنوا الكَيلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥، ص ٦، ز، م: \"البزاز\". وفي حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه: البزار\" أهـ. وهو الصواب كما في توضيح المشتبه ١/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٢) جزء أبي القاسم الحرفى (٤١ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٣٢) عن عمرو ابن عثمان به. وأحمد (٢٣٥٠٨) من طريق بقية به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٨٤): هذا إسناد ضعيف لتدليس بقية بن الوليد، رواه البخاري في صحيحه ... من غير ذكر أبي أيوب.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٢٣) عن عبد الرحمن بن بشر ومحمد بن عقيل به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤٩١٩) من طريق على به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٧٨٠): هذا إسناد حسن؛ علي بن الحسين مختلف فيه وباقى رجال الإسناد ثقات.","vol":"11","page":422},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الرَّحْبِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مَعشَرَ التُّجّارِ، إنَّكُم قَد وُلِّيتُم أمرًا هَلَكَت فيه الأُمَمُ السّالِفَةُ؛ المِكيالُ والميزانُ\" (^١). أسنَدَه أبو علىٍّ حَنَشٌ، ووَقَفَه غَيرُه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١١٢٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ يَعنِي ابنَ أبي الجَعدِ قال: سَمِعتُ كُرَيبًا يقولُ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: يا مَعاشِرَ الأعاجِمِ، إنَّ اللهَ قَد ولَّاكُم أمرَينِ أهلَكَ بهِما القُرونَ مِن قبلِكُم؛ المِكيالَ والميزانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2494>بابُ المُعطِى يُرجِحُ في الوَزنِ، والوَزّانِ (^٣) يَزِنُ بالأجرِ</span>\n\n١١٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: اشتَرَى مِنِّي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعيرًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٢٨٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢١٧) من طريق عكرمة به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٦٠: علىٌّ وشيخه ضعيفان، والصواب موقوف.\n(^٢) أخرجه هناد في الزهد (٦٨١)، والمصنف في الشعب (٥٢٨٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) في س: \"والوازن\".","vol":"11","page":423},{"text":"فأرجَحَ لِي، فلَم تَزَلْ تِلكَ الدَّراهِمُ مَعِى حَتَّى أُصيبَت (^١) يَومَ الحَرَّةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِي المُقرِئَ، قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: جَلَبتُ أنا ومَخرَفَةُ (^٤) العَبدىُّ بَزًّا مِن هَجَرَ أوِ البحرَينِ، فلَمّا كُنّا بمِنًى أتانا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاشتَرَى مِنِّى سَراويلَ. قال: وثَمَّ وزّانٌ يَزِنُ بالأجرِ، فدَفَعَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الثَّمَنَ، ثُمَّ قال له: \"زِنْ وأرجِحْ\" (^٥).\n\n١١٢٨١ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ عن سِماكٍ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: بَزًّا مِن هَجَرَ، فبِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَراويلَ وثَمَّ وزّانٌ يَزِنُ بالأجرِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"زِنْ وأرجِحْ\" (^٦).\nوخالَفَهُما شُعبَةُ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥: \"أصيب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٤٧)، والنسائي (٤٦٠٤) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٠٤)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ٧٢).\n(^٤) في ز، ص ٥: \"مخرمة\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"مخرمة ص، مصلحا. . . فهو مخرفة بالفاء ... \".\nوكتب بعده: قلت: وهو بخط المؤلف بالفاء والله أعلم\" أهـ. وينظر الإصابة ١٠/ ٧٧، ٧٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٨)، وأبو داود (٣٣٣٦)، والترمذي (١٣٠٥)، والنسائي (٤٦٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢٠) من طريق الثوري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٥٤).\n(^٦) الطيالسي (١٢٨٨).","vol":"11","page":424},{"text":"١١٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صَفوانَ مالكَ بنَ عُمَيرَ يقولُ: بعتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- رِجلَ سَراويلَ (^١) قبلَ الهِجرَةِ بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ، فوَزَنَ لِي فأرجَحَ لِي (^٢).\n\n١١٢٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ -المَعنَى قَريبٌ - قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبي صَفوانَ ابنِ عَميرَةَ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ قبلَ أنْ يُهاجِرَ وبِعتُه سَراويلَ، فوَزَنَ فأرجَحَ. قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه قَيسٌ كما قال سفيانُ، والقَولُ قَولُ سُفيانَ. قال أبو داودَ: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ قال: كان سفيانُ أحفَظَ مِنِّى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2495>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهىِ عن كَسرِ الدَّراهِمِ والدَّنانيرِ</span>\n\n١١٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو مَنصورٍ البَغدادِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الصَّفّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) قال ابن الأثير: هذا كما يقال: اشترى زوج خف، وزوج نعل، وإنما هما زوجان، يريد رجلى سراويل؛ لأنَّ السراويل من لباس الرجلين، وبعضهم يسمى السراويل رجلًا. النهاية ٢/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٢٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٩)، والنسائي (٤٦٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٢١) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٢٨٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٣٧، ٣٣٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٥٥).","vol":"11","page":425},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ [الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا] (^١) الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فضاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أنْ تُكسَرَ سِكَّةُ المسلِمينَ الجائزَةُ بَينَهُم إلَّا مِن بأسٍ؛ أنْ يُكسَرَ دِرهَمًا (^٢) فيُجعَلَ فِضَّةً، أو يُكسَرَ الدّينارُ فيُجعَلَ ذَهَبًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2496>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعِ العَقارِ</span>\n\n١١٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن باعَ دارًا ولَم يَشتَرِ بثَمَنِها دارًا لَم يُبارَكْ له فيها، أو في شَئٍ مِن ثَمَنِها\" (^٤).\n\n١١٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ حاتِمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أخيه سعيدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن باعَ دارًا أو عَقارًا فلَم يَجعَلْ ثَمَنَه في مِثلِها لَم يُبارَكْ له فيها\".\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"البلخى\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الدرهم فيجعل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٥٧)، وأبو داود (٣٤٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٣) من طريق محمَّد بن فضاء به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٦١: محمد ضعف.\n(^٤) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبي جعفر الرزاز (٢٧٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٩١) من طريق يوسف بن ميمون عن أبي عبيدة به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٨٨٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ يوسف بن ميمون، ضعفه أحمد وغيره.","vol":"11","page":426},{"text":"١١٢٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أخيه سعيدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن باعَ دارًا أو عَقارًا فليَعلَمْ أنَّه قَمِنٌ (^١) ألا يُبارَكَ له فيه، إلا أنْ يَجعَلَه في مِثلِه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عَبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِىُّ حَدَّثَنِي شَيخٌ مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ أنَّ ابنَ عُيَينَةَ قال في تَفسيرِ هذا الحديثِ: \"مَن باعَ دارًا ولَم يَشتَرِ مِن ثَمَنِها دارًا لَم يُبارَكْ له في ثَمَنِها\". قال سفيانُ: إنَّ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا﴾ [فصلت: ١٠] يقولُ: فلَمّا خَرَجَ مِنَ البَرَكَةِ ثُمَّ لَم يُعِدْها في مِثلِها لَم يُبارَكْ لَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2497>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعِ دورِ مَكَّةَ وكِرائِها وجَرَيانِ الإِرثِ فيها</span>\n\n١١٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) قَمِن: حرىٌّ جديرٌ. ينظر التاج ٣٦/ ١٨ (ق م ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه عقب (٢٤٩٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد به. وأحمد (١٥٨٤٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٦٢: رواه وكيع عن إسماعيل فأسقط عمرًا، وكذا رواه قيس بن الربيع عن عبد الملك، إسماعيل لين.\n(^٣) ينظر شرح مشكل الآثار عقب (٣٩٤٩).","vol":"11","page":427},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ أنَّ عمرَو بنَ عثمانَ أخبَرَه، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تَنزِلُ في دارِكَ بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: \"وهَل تَرَكَ لَنا عَقيلٌ مِن دارٍ - أو:- دورٍ؟ \". قال: وكانَ عَقيلٌ ورِثَ أبا طالِبٍ هو وطالِبٌ، ولَم يَرِثْه جَعفَرٌ ولا علىٌّ؛ لأنَّهُما كانا مُسلِمَينِ، وكانَ عَقيلٌ وطالِبٌ كافِرَينِ، مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: لا يَرِثُ المُؤمِنُ الكافِرَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عمرٍو (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ سلَمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ في قِصَّةِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ قال: فجاءَ أبو سُفيانَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُبيدَت خَضراءُ قُرَيشٍ، لا قُرَيشَ بعدَ اليَومِ. فقالَ: \"مَن دَخَلَ دارَ أبي سُفيانَ فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن ألقَى سِلاحَه فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن أغلَقَ بابَه فهو آمِنٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٩٨)، وفي المعرفة (٣٦٠٢). والحاكم ٢/ ٦٠٢. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٢٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٣٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (٩٨٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٨٨)، ومسلم (١٣٥١/ ٤٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٢٢) من طريق حماد به مختصرًا. وأبو داود (١٨٧١، ١٨٧٢، ٣٠٢٤)، =","vol":"11","page":428},{"text":"ابنِ سلَمةَ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن ثابِتٍ. وزادَ في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ قال: فأقبَلَ النّاسُ إلَى دارِ أبي سُفيانَ، وأغلَقَ النّاسُ أبوابَهُم (^١).\n\n١١٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بندارٍ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ فرّوخَ مَولَى نافِعِ بنِ عبدِ الحارِثِ، قال: اشتَرَى نافِعُ بنُ عبدِ الحارِثِ مِن صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ [دارَ صفوانَ بنِ أميةَ بأربعِمائةٍ] (^٢) دارَ السِّجنِ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ إنْ رَضِيَها، وإِنْ كَرِهَها أعطَى نافِعٌ صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أربَعَمائَةٍ. قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ: فهو سِجنُ النّاسِ اليَومَ بمَكَّةَ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن كِراءِ بُيوتِ مَكَّةَ فقالَ: لا بأسَ به، الكِراءُ مِثلُ الشِّراءِ، قَدِ اشتَرَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ مِن صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ دارًا بأربَعَةِ آلافِ (^٤) دِرهَمٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ\n_________\n= والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٨) من طريق ثابت به. مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٨٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: ز، ص ٦، وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"سقط من أصل المؤلف من قوله: أمية. إلى قوله: مائة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٥٤٣)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٠٧٦) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ألف\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٢١٣).","vol":"11","page":429},{"text":"السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ (^١)، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قال هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ يُعتِدُ بمَكَّةَ ما لا يُعتِدُ بها أحَدٌ مِنَ النّاسِ، أوصَت له عائشَةُ بحُجرَتِها، واشتَرَى حُجرَةَ سَودَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٢٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٣) محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيرِىُّ قال: باعَ حَكيمُ بنُ حِزامٍ دارَ النَّدوَةِ مِن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ بمائَةِ ألفٍ، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: يا أبا خالِدٍ، بعتَ مأثَرَةَ قُرَيشٍ وكَريمَتَها؟ فقالَ: هَيهاتَ يا ابنَ أخِى، ذَهَبتِ المَكارِمُ فلا مَكرُمَةَ اليَومَ إلَّا الإِسلامَ. قال: فقالَ: اشهَدوا أنَّها في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﵎. يَعنِي الدَّراهِمَ (^٤).\n\n١١٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى (^٥) بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ باباه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بن حنبل\". أهـ. يعني حنبل بن إسحاق بن حنبل.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٨/ ١٩٠ من طريق أبي الحسن بن بشران به، ووقع فيه: يعقد بمكرمات. مكان: يعتد بمكة ما.\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"ابن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٥/ ١١٩ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٥) في ص ٥: \"محمد\".","vol":"11","page":430},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَكَّةُ مُناخٌ، لا يُباعُ رِباعُها، ولا تُؤاجَرُ بُيوتُها\" (^١). إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، وأبوه غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٣)، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه؛ فروِىَ عنه هَكَذا، وروِىَ عنه عن أبيه عن مُجاهِدٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو مَرفوعًا ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٤).\n\n١١٢٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ وأبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ ابنُ الحَكَمِ العُرَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَكَّةُ حَرامٌ، وحَرامٌ بَيعُ رِباعِها، وحَرامٌ أجرُ بُيوتِها\" (^٥). كَذا روِىَ مَرفوعًا، ورَفعُه وهمٌ، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مَوقوفٌ، قالَه لِي أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ عن أبي الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيِّ (^٦).\n\n١١٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا هِبَةُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٣، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٣ من طريق أحمد بن محمد بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن مهاجر البجلى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤٢، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٥٢، والمجروحين ١/ ١٢٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٣٣، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢١٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٦٦: ضعيف.\n(^٣) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٢٨، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٣٢، والمجروحين ١/ ١٠٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٢١١، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٦٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٤: صدوق لين الحفظ.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدي في ١/ ٢٨٥ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٣، ومسند أبي حنيفة ص ١٨١، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٧ وفيه: \"عبيد الله بن أبي يزيد\". وهو خطأ ونبه عليه الدارقطني. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٧ من طريق محمد بن المغيرة به.\n(^٦) الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٧.","vol":"11","page":431},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو نَجيحٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو أنَّه قال: إنَّ الَّذِى يأكُلُ كِراءَ بُيوتِ مَكَّةَ إنَّما يأكُلُ في بَطنِه نارًا (^١).\nكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي زيادٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ مَوقوفًا على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١١٢٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُمَرَ (^٣) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ نَضلَةَ الكِنانِيِّ قال: كانَت بُيوتُ مَكَّةَ تُدعَى السَّوائبَ، لَم تُبَعْ رِباعُها في زَمَنِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولا أبي بكرٍ ولا عُمَرَ، مَنِ احتاجَ سَكَنَ، ومَنِ استَغنَى أسكَنَ (^٤). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ. وفيه إخبارٌ عن عادَتِهِم الكَريمَةِ في إسكانِهِم ما استَغنَوا عنه مِن بُيوتِهِم، وقَد أخبَرَ مَن كان أعلَمَ بشأنِ مَكَّةَ مِنه عن جَرَيانِ الإِرثِ والبَيعِ فيها، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٧ عن الحسين به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٤٨٨٦) من طريق عيسى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٠٥٢) من طريق محمد بن ربيعة به.\n(^٣) في س: \"عمرو\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٠٧) من طريق عمر بن سعيد به. وفي الزوائد: إسناده صحيح على شرط مسلم -يعنى إلى علقمة- وإلا فالخبر منقطع لأن علقمة معدود في صغار التابعين. وليس لعلقمة بن نضلة عند ابن ماجه سوى هذا الحديث، وليس له شيء في بقية الكتب.","vol":"11","page":432},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2498>باب ما جاء في الاستيامِ والمُماسَحَةِ </span>(^١)\n\n١١٢٩٨ - رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى حُسَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَيِّدُ السِّلعَةِ أحَقُّ أنْ يَستامَ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٢٩٩ - وعن أبي تَوبَةَ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- على أعرابِيٍّ يَبيعُ شَيئًا فقالَ: \"عَلَيكَ بأوَّلِ سَومٍ، أو أوَّلِ السَّومِ، فإِنَّ الأرباحَ مَعَ السَّماحِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٣٠٠ - وعن قُتَيبَهَ ويَحيَى بنِ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن أبى يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن خالِدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى مالكٍ قال: بايَعتُ محمدَ بنَ سَعدٍ سِلعَةً (^٤)، فقالَ: هاتِ يَدَكَ أُماسِحْكَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"البَرَكَةُ المُماسَحَةِ\" (^٥). أخبرَنا بجَميعِ ذَلِكَ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ.\n_________\n(^١) المماسحة: المصافحة في البيع. فيض القدير ٣/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) المراسيل (١٦٦).\n(^٣) المراسيل (١٦٧).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بسلعة\".\n(^٥) المراسيل (١٦٨).","vol":"11","page":433},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2499>كتابُ الرهنِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2500>بابُ جَوازِ الرَّهنِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣].\n\n١١٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ (^١) المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ. قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ العَبْدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: اشتَرَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- طَعامًا مِن يَهودِىٍّ بنَسيئَةٍ، ورَهَنَه دِرعًا له مِن حَديدٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن يَعلَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه هو ومُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٤) عن الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n\n١١٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بن على بن المؤمل\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠١٥). وأخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢١٣٠) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وتقدم في (١١١٩٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٥١).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: من أوجه أخر\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٠٩٦)، ومسلم (١٦٠٣).","vol":"11","page":435},{"text":"أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: توُفِّىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ودِرعُه مَرهونَةٌ عِندَ يَهودِىٍّ بثَلاثينَ صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ (^١). وَلَم يَذكُرْ يَزيدُ: عِندَ يَهودِىٍّ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- توُفِّىَ وإِنَّ دِرعَه مَرهونَةٌ عِندَ يَهودِىٍّ بثَلاثينَ صاعًا شَعيرًا (^٣) طَعامًا أخَذَها لأهلِهِ (^٤).\n\n١١٣٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: مَشَيتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بخبزِ شَعيرٍ وإِهالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ (^٥)، ولَقَد رَهَنَ دِرعَه بشَعيرٍ، ولَقَد سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"ما أصبَحَ لآلِ محمدٍ ولا أمسَى إلَّا صاعٌ\". وإِنَّهُم يَومَئذٍ تِسعَةُ أبياتٍ (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٩٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن حبان (٥٩٣٦) من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٩١٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"من شعير\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٩، ٣٤٠٩)، والترمذي (١٢١٤)، والنسائي (٤٦٦٥) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٩٧٠).\n(^٥) سنخة: متغيرة الرائحة. معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٦٩)، والترمذى (١٢١٥)، والنسائي (٤٦٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٣٧)، وابن =","vol":"11","page":436},{"text":"مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ عن أسباطَ أبى اليَسَعِ البَصرِىِّ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ، وزادَ فيه: بالمدينَةِ (^١).\n\n١١٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه مَشَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بخُبزِ شَعيرٍ وإِهالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ. قال: وقَد رَهَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دِرعًا له عِندَ يَهودِىٍّ بالمدينَةِ، فأخَذَ به شَعيرًا لأهلِه، ولَقَد سَمِعتُه ذاتَ غَداةٍ يقولُ: \"ما أصبَحَ عِندَ آلِ محمدٍ صماعُ تَمرٍ ولا صاعُ شَعيرٍ\". وإِنَّ عِندَه لَتِسعَ نِسوَةٍ يَومَئذٍ (^٢). ورَواه شَيبانُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن قَتادَةَ، وذَكَرَ فيه قَولَه: بالمدينَةِ.\n\n١١٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبان بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: دُعِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى خُبزِ الشَّعيرِ وإِهالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ، ولَقَد سَمِعتُه ذاتَ غَداةٍ يقولُ: \"والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه، ما أصبَحَ عِندَ آلِ محمدٍ صاعُ حَبٍّ ولا صاعُ تَمرٍ\". وإِنَّ له يَومَئذٍ تِسعَ نِسوَةٍ، ولَقَد رَهَنَ يَومَئذٍ دِرعًا له عِندَ يَهودِىٍّ بالمدينَةِ، أخَذَ مِنه صاعًا ما وجَدَ ما يَكفيه. أو قال:\n_________\n= حبان (٦٣٤٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^١) البخارى (٢٠٦٩، ٢٥٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٦٠) عن أبى عامر به.","vol":"11","page":437},{"text":"ما يَفتَكُّه (^١).\n\n١١٣٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ وغَيرُه، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَهَنَ دِرعًا له عِندَ أبى الشَّحمِ اليَهودِىِّ؛ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى ظَفَرٍ في شَعيرٍ (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وفيما قَبلَه كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2501>بابُ العَصيِر المَرهونِ يَصيُر خَمرًا فيَخرُجُ مِنَ الرَّهنِ، ولا يَحِلُّ تَخليلُ الخَمرِ بعَمَلِ آدَمِىِّ</span>\n\n١١٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الخَمرِ تُتَّخَذُ خَلًّا، قال: \"لا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ قَبيصَةَ قال: عن أبى هُبَيرَةَ، وأبو هُبَيرَةَ هو يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن الخَمرِ تُجعَلُ خَلًّا فكَرِهَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٤١٤٧)، وأبو يعلى (٣٠٥٩ - ٣٠٦١) من طريق الحسن بن موسى به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (١٤٧١): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعى ٣/ ١٤ من طريق ابن جريج عن جعفر به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٨٦. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٩٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"11","page":438},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١١٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن أبى هُبَيرَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وفِى حَجرِه يَتيمٌ وكانَ عِندَه خَمرٌ حينَ حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أصنَعُها خَلًّا؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فصَبَّه حَتَّى سالَ به الوادِى (^٢).\nورَواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ، وذَكَرَ أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ سألَه عن أيتامِ ورِثوا خَمرًا، قال: \"أهرِقْها\". قال: أفَلا أجعَلُها خَلًّا؟ قال: \"لا\" (^٣).\n\n١١٣١٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن السُّدَىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان في حَجرِ أبى يَتامَى. قال: فاشتَرَى خَمرًا، فلَمّا نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: أجعَلُه خَلًّا؟ قال: \"لا\". فأهَراقَه (^٤). قَولُه: في حَجرِ أبى؛ يُريدُ حَجرَ أبى طَلحَةَ، وكانَ زَوجَ أُمِّهِ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٨٣/ ١١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٠٦). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٣٣٥) من طريق أبى حذيفة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٨٩، ١٢٨٥٤)، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٥) من طريق وكيع به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣١٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٢١٦١)، والبزار (٧٠٠٨، ٧٦٠٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (١٣٧٣٣) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"11","page":439},{"text":"١١٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَنابٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كان رَجُلٌ عِندَه مالُ أيتامٍ. قال: فكانَ يَشتَرِى لَهُمُ الرُّجُعَ (^١) والأنضاءَ يُصلِحُها ويَبيعُها. قال: فاشتَرَى خَمرًا فجَعَلَه في الخَوابِى (^٢)، وإِنَّ اللهَ ﵎ أنزَلَ تَحريمَ الخَمرِ، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فسألَه فقالَ: \"أهرِقْه\". ثُمَّ سألَه فقالَ: \"أهرِقْه\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَيسَ لَهُم مالٌ غَيرُه. قال: \"أهرِقْه\". فأهراقَه (^٣).\n\n١١٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أُتِىَ بالطِّلاءِ وهو بالجابيَةِ، وهو -يَومَئذٍ يُطبَخُ- وهو كَعَقيدِ (^٤) الرُّبِّ، فقالَ: إنَّ في هذا لَشَرابًا ما انتُهِىَ إلَيه، فلا (^٥) يُشرَبْ خَلُّ خَمرٍ أُفسِدَت حَتَّى يُبدِئَ اللَّهُ فسادَها، فعِندَ ذَلِكَ يَطيبُ الخَلُّ، ولا بأسَ على امرِئٍ أنْ يَبتاعَ خَلًّا وجَدَه مَعَ أهلِ الكِتابِ، ما لَم\n_________\n(^١) الرجع جمع الرجيع، وهو من الدواب: المهزول. التاج ٢١/ ٧٣ (ر ج ع).\n(^٢) الخوابى جمع الخابية: الجرة الكبيرة. التاج ١/ ٢٠٧ (خ ب أ).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن مردويه - كما في الدر المنثور ٥/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٤) كل شئ يطبخ حتى يثخن فقد أعقد. المخصص ٣/ ١٩٣.\n(^٥) كتب فوق الفاء في الأصل: \"بخطه: و\".","vol":"11","page":440},{"text":"يَعلَمْ أنَّهُم تَعَمَّدوا إفسادَها بعدَ ما عادَت خَمرًا (^١).\nقَولُه: أُفسِدَت. يَعنِى: عولجَت.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2502>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى ورَدَ في خَلِّ الخَمرِ</span>\n\n١١٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا فرجُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الدِّباغَ يُحِلُّ مِنَ المَيتَةِ كما يُحِلُّ الخَلُّ مِنَ الخَمرِ\" (^٢). قال فرجٌ: يَعنِى أنَّ الخَمرَ إذا تَغَيَّرَت فصارَت خَلًّا حَلَّت. تَفَرَّدَ به فرَجُ بنُ فضالَةَ عن يَحيَى، وهو ضعيفٌ (^٣)، يَروِى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أحاديث عَدَدًا لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيها. قالَه أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقطنِىُّ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ عنه. وعَلَى هذا التَّفسيرِ يَرتَفِعُ الخِلافُ، إلَّا أنَّ الحديثَ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n١١٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار ٨/ ٣٩٣ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٥٤. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٦ من طريق فرج بن فضالة به.\n(^٣) هو فرج بن فضالة بن النعمان أبو فضالة الشامى الحمصى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٣٤، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٨٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٠٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ١٥٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٠٨: ضعيف.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٦.","vol":"11","page":441},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّهْقانُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا حَسَنُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُغيرَةُ وهو ابنُ زيادٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أقفَرَ (^١) أهلُ بَيتٍ مِن أُدْمٍ فيه خَلٌّ، وخَيرُ خَلِّكُم خَلُّ خمرِكم\" (^٢). قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: هذا حَديثٌ واهى، والمغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ صاحِبُ مَناكيرَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وأهلُ الحِجازِ يَقولونَ لخَلِّ العِنَبِ: خَلُّ الخَمرِ. وهو المُرادُ بالخَبَرِ إنْ صَحَّ الخَبَرُ -إنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ- أو خَمرًا تَخَلَّلَت بنَفسِها.\n\n١١٣١٥ - وكَذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو الحْسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أُمِّ خِداشٍ، أنَّها رأت عَليًّا يَصطَبغُ بخَلِّ خَمرٍ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن مُسَربَلٍ العَبْدِىِّ عن أُمِّه عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: لا بأسَ\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"أقتر\"، وفى ص ٥: \"أفقر\".\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٤/ ٤٣٤ عن المغيرة بن زياد به. وقال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٦٦: وحَسَنٌ -يعنى ابن قتيبة- تركه الدارقطنى.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٤٦٨٥). وتعقب المزى في تهذيبه ٢٨/ ٣٦٣ الحاكم فقال: وفى هذا القول نظر؛ فإن جماعة من أهل العلم قد وثقوه ... ولا نعلم أحدًا منهم قال: إنه متروك ... وينظر تهذيب التهذيب ١٠/ ٢٦٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٦٨: صدوق له أوهام.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٥/ ٥٩٣ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٩١) من طريق سليمان به.","vol":"11","page":442},{"text":"بَخَلِّ الخَمرِ (^١). وإِسنادُه مَجهولٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2503>بابُ ما جاءَ في زياداتِ الرَّهنِ</span>\n\n١١٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الظَّهرُ يُركَبُ بنَفَقَتِه إذا كان مَرهونًا، ويُشرَبُ لَبَنُ النّاقَةِ إذا كانَت مَرهونَةً، وعَلَى الَّذِى يَشرَبُ ويَركَبُ النَّفَقَةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٣١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"الظَّهرُ يُركَبُ بنَفَقَتِه إذا كان مَرهونًا، ويُشرَبُ لَبَنُ الدَّرِّ إذا كان مَرهونًا، وعَلَى الَّذِى يَركَبُ ويَشرَبُ نَفَقَتُه\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ ويَحيَى القَطّانُ عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٤٥٠) من طريق مسربل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٤٠)، وابن حبان (٥٩٣٥) من طريق وكيع عن زكريا به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠١٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥١١).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى (٢٥١٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٢٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١٠١١٠) عن يحيى به.","vol":"11","page":443},{"text":"ورَواه هُشَيمٌ وسُفيانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن زَكَريّا، وزادا في مَتنِه: \"المُرتَهِنُ\". ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِىِّ عن هُشَيمٍ قال: \"إذا كانَتِ الدّابَّةُ مَرهونَةً، فعَلَى الَّذِى رَهَنَ عَلَفُها، ولَبَنُ الدَّرِّ يُشرَبُ، وعَلَى الَّذِى يَشرَبُ نَفَقَتُه، ويَركَبُ\" (^١).\n\n١١٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الرَّهنُ مَحلوبٌ ومَركوبٌ\". قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِإبراهيمَ فقالَ: إنْ كانوا لَيَكرَهونَ أنْ يَستَمتِعوا مِنَ الرَّهنِ بشَئٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ عن الأعمَشِ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١١٣١٩ - [أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا شَيبانُ يَعنِى ابنَ فرّوخَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ] (^٣)، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الرَّهنُ مَركوبٌ ومَحلوبٌ\". فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِإبراهيمَ فكَرِهَ أنْ يَنتَفِعَ بشَئٍ مِنه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٢٥)، وأبو يعلى (٦٦٣٩)، والطحاوى ٤/ ٢٩٩، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٤ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٦/ ١٨٤ عن أبى الفتح به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٤ عن الحسين بن يحيى به. وابن عدى ١/ ٢٧٢ من طريق إبراهيم بن مجشر به. وعند الدارقطنى دون قول إبراهيم.\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٥٨ من طريق شيبان بن فروخ به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٤ من طريق أبى عوانة به. =","vol":"11","page":444},{"text":"ورَواه الجَماعَةُ عن الأعمَشِ مَوقوفًا على أبي هريرة:\n\n١١٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: الرَّهنُ مَركوبٌ ومَحلوبٌ (^١). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يُشبِهُ قَولُ أبى هويرةَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ، أنَّ مَن رَهَنَ ذاتَ دَرٍّ وظَهرٍ، لَم يُمنَعِ الرّاهِنُ دَرَّها وظَهرَها؛ لأنَّ له رَقَبتَها، فهِىَ مَحلوبَةٌ ومَركوبَةٌ كما كانَت قبلَ الرَّهنِ. قال: ومَنافِعُ الرَّهنِ لِلرّاهِنِ لَيسَ لِلمُرتَهِنِ مِنها شَئٌ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ\n_________\n= دون قول الأعمش.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦١٥)، والشافعى ٣/ ١٦٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٦٦)، وإسحاق بن راهويه (٢٨٢) من طريق معمر وعيسى بن يونس عن الأعمش به. وينظر العلل للدارقطنى ١٠/ ١١٢.\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ١٦٤.","vol":"11","page":445},{"text":"المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَغلَقُ [الرَّهنُ، الرَّهنُ] (^١) مِن صاحِبِه الَّذِى رَهَنَه، له غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه\" (^٢). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: غُنمُه زيادَتُه، وغُرمُه هَلاكُه ونَقصُه.\n\n١١٣٢٢ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، [عَن ابنِ شِهابٍ] (^٣) عن ابنِ المسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه، أو مِثلَ مَعناه لا يُخالِفُه (^٤).\n\n١١٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ ويونُسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: جاء رَجُلٌ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: إنِّى أسلَفتُ رَجُلًا خَمسَمائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، ورَهَنَنِى فرَسًا فرَكِبتُها، أو أركَبتُها. قال: ما أصَبتَ مِن ظَهرِها فهو رِبًا (^٥).\n\n١١٣٢٤ - وعن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال في رَجُلٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"المرهون\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦١٨)، وفى الصغرى (٢٠٢٢). والشافعى ٣/ ١٦٧. وأخرجه مالك ٢/ ٧٢٨ من طريق ابن شهاب به. وفسره بأن يرهن الرجل عند الرجل بالشئ وفى الرهن فضل عما رهن به، فيقول الراهن للمرتهن: إن جئتك بحقك إلى أجل يسميه له وإلا فالرهن لك بما رهن فيه. وسيأتى في (١١٣٢٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦١٩)، والشافعى ٣/ ١٦٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٧١) عن الثورى عن خالد عن ابن سيرين.","vol":"11","page":446},{"text":"ارتَهَنَ جاريَةً، فأرضَعَت له، قال: فأرضَعَت له، يَغرَمُ لِصاحِبِ الجاريَةِ قيمَةَ [الرَّضاعِ اللَّبَنَ] (^١) (^٢).\n\n١١٣٢٥ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: لا يُنتَفَعُ مِنَ الرَّهنِ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٣٢٦ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: إبراهيمُ. قال: سُئلَ شُرَيحٌ عن رَجُلٍ ارتَهَنَ بَقَرَةً، فشَرِبَ مِن لَبَنِها. قال: ذَلِكَ شُربُ الرِّبا (^٤).\n\n١١٣٢٧ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ يقولُ في النَّخلِ إذا رَهَنَه، فيَخرُجُ فيه ثَمَرَةٌ: فهو مِنَ الرَّهنِ (^٥). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ ابنِ سيرينَ.\n\n١١٣٢٨ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ قال: أخبرَنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ قَضَى فيمَن ارتَهَنَ نَخلًا مُثمِرًا، فليَحسُبِ المُرتَهِنُ ثَمرَتَها مِن رأسِ المالِ. قال: وذَكَرَ سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ شَبيهًا به. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأحسِبُ مُطَرِّفًا قال في الحديث: مِن عامِ حَجَّ\n_________\n(^١) في ز، ص ٦: \"الرضاع\"، وفى م: \"إرضاع اللبن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٧٣) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٦٨) عن الثورى به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٠ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٦٩) عن الثورى به.\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٤/ ٤٣٧ عن الثورى به.","vol":"11","page":447},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2504>بابٌ: الرَّهنُ غَيرُ مَضمونٍ</span>\n\n١١٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ، الرهنُ (^٢) مِن صاحِبِه الَّذِى رَهَنَه، له غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: \"الرَّهنُ مِمَّن رَهَنَه، ولَه غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه\" (^٤).\nورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ فوَصَلَه:\n\n١١٣٣٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفِ بنِ سُفيانَ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ دينارٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ، لِصاحِبِه غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦١٧)، والشافعى ٣/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٧٢) عن معمر به.\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٦، م: \"بالرهن\"، وفى ز: \"بالراهن\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٣٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٣٤) عن الثورى به.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٥١. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٣ من طريق محمد بن عوف به. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٤/ ٣٢١: قال صاحب التنقيح: وقد صحح اتصال هذا الحديث الدارقطنى وابن عبد البر وعبد الحق.","vol":"11","page":448},{"text":"وروِىَ عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مَوصولًا:\n\n١١٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ ويَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عِمرانَ العابِدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ، له غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه\" (^١).\n\n١١٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). قال علىٌّ: زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ الثِّقاتِ، وهَذا إسنادٌ حَسَنٌ مُتَّصِلٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رَواه غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ عن زيادٍ مُرسَلًا وهو المَحفوظُ، ورَواه أبو عمرٍو الأوزاعِىُّ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب مُرسَلًا، إلَّا أنَّهُما جَعَلا قَولَه: له غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه. مِن قَولِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^٤)، فاللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٣٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥١. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٣٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وابن ماجه (٢٤٤١) من طريق الزهرى به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٥٩): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ محمد بن حميد الرازى وإن وثقه ابن معين في رواية فقد ضعفه في أخرى، وضعفه أحمد والنسائي والجوزجاني وقال ابن حبان: يروى عن الثقات المقلوبات. وقال ابن وارة: كذاب.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٢٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٠ من طريق يونس به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٩/ ١٦٨.","vol":"11","page":449},{"text":"الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ\". قُلتُ له (^١): أرأيتَكَ قَولَكَ: لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ. أهو الرَّجُلُ يقولُ: إنْ لَم آتِكَ بمالِكَ فهَذا الرَّهنُ لَكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال (^١): وبَلَغَنِى عنه بَعدُ أنَّه قال: إنْ هَلَكَ لَم يَذهَبْ حَقُّ هذا، إنَّما هَلَكَ مِن رَبِّ الرَّهنِ، له غُنمُه وعَلَيه غُرمُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2505>بابُ مَن قال: الرَّهنُ مَضمونٌ</span>\n\n١١٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ [حَمزَةَ بنِ] (^٣) عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحَنَفِىُّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ (^٤) بنُ إدريسَ [بنِ خُزَمٍ] (^٥) الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ التُّستَرِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) القائل هو معمر كما سيأتى في (١١٣٤٩)، وكما عند عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) أبو داود في المراسيل (١٨٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٣٣)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٣ مقتصرًا على المرفوع عن معمر به.\n(^٣) ليس في: ز.\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"الحسن\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل، وحاشية ز: \"كذا في الأصلين، لكن \"ابن\" في ص ملحق، وهو خطأ، إنما هو خرَّمٌ بالرفع لقب للحسين بن إدريس، والله أعلم\".\nوقد ورد في الجرح والعديل ٣/ ٤٧، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٥٣٠، وتوضيح المشتبه ٣/ ٢١٨: ابن خُرَّم، وقال في تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٤٣: أما خرم فهو الحسين بن إدريس الهروى، كان أبوه يلقب: خرم.","vol":"11","page":450},{"text":"قال أبو هريرةَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الرَّهنُ بما فيه\" (^١). قال أبو حازِمٍ: تَفَرَّدَ به حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكِرمانِىُّ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهو مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وأبِى هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n١١٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا السّاجِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أبى عَبّادٍ الذّارعَ يقولُ: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الرَّهنُ بما فيه\" (^٢).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: وأبو عَبّادٍ اسمُه أُمَيَّةُ، بَصرِىٌّ. قالَه زَكَرئا السّاجِىُّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد قيلَ: إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ الذّارعُ. وقيلَ: عنه عن سعيدِ ابنِ راشِدٍ عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\nقال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: إسماعيلُ هذا يَضَعُ الحديثَ، وهَذا لا يَصِحُّ (^٥). أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عنه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ.\nوالأصلُ في هذا البابِ حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ وفيه مِنَ الوَهَنِ ما فيه:\n\n١١٣٣٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٢٨) عن عمرو بن دينار.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣١٥. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٤ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣١٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢ من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٤.","vol":"11","page":451},{"text":"الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ فرَسًا، فنَفَقَ (^١) في يَدِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلمُرتَهِنِ: \"ذَهَبَ حَقُّك (^٢) \".\n\n١١٣٣٧ - وقَد كَفانا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ بَيانَ وَهَنِ هذا الحديثِ، وذَلِكَ فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، أنَّ أبا العباسِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: زَعَمَ الحَسَنُ كَذا. ثُمَّ حَكَى هذا القَولَ. قال إبراهيمُ: كان عَطاءٌ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِمّا رَوَى الحَسَنُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأخبَرَنيه غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن مُصعَبٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن الحَسَنِ، وأخبَرَنِى مَن أثِقُ به أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ رَواه عن مُصعَبٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وسَكَتَ عن الحَسَنِ فقيل (^٣) له: أصحابُ مُصعَبٍ يَروونَه عن عَطاءٍ عن الحَسَنِ. فقالَ: نَعَم، كَذَلِكَ حُدِّثنا، ولَكِنْ عَطاءٌ مُرسَلًا أنفَقُ مِنَ الحَسَنِ مُرسَلًا. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ومِمّا يَدُلُّكَ على وهَنِ هذا عِندَ عَطاءٍ -إنْ كان رَواه- أنَّ عَطاءً يُفتِى بخِلافِه، ويَقولُ فيه بخِلافِ هذا كُلِّه؛ يقولُ فيما ظَهَرَ هَلاكُه: أمانَةٌ، وفيما خَفِىَ هَلاكُه: يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ. وهَذا أثبَتُ الرِّوايَةِ عنه. وقَد رُوِىَ\n_________\n(^١) يقال: نفقت الدابة. إذا ماتت. النهاية ٥/ ٩٩.\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"حقه\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. وكتب عيها: \"بخطه\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود في المراسيل (١٨٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٢ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"فقلت\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. وكتب عيها: \"بخطه\".","vol":"11","page":452},{"text":"عنه: يَتَرادّانِ. مُطلَقَةً، وما شَكَكْنا فيه فلا نَشُكُّ أنَّ عَطاءً إنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ لا يَروِى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُثبَتًا عِندَه ويَقولُ بخِلافِه، مَعَ أنِّى لَم أعلَمْ أحَدًا يَروِى هذا عن عَطاءٍ يَرفَعُه إلَّا مُصعَبًا، والَّذِى رَوَى عن عَطاءٍ [يرفَعُه يوافقُ] (^١) قَولَ شُرَيحٍ أنَّ الرَّهنَ بما فيه. وقَد يَكونُ الفَرَسُ أكثَرَ مِمّا فيه مِنَ الحَقِّ ومِثلَه وأقَلَّ، فلَم يُروَ أنَّه سأل (^٢) عن قيمَةِ الفَرَسِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن غَيرِه عن عَطاءٍ يَرفَعُه: \"الرَّهنُ بما فيه\":\n\n١١٣٣٨ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، أن رَجُلًا رَهَنَ فرَسًا، فنَفَقَ الفَرَسُ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"الرَّهنُ بما فيه\" (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا بهَذا اللَّفظِ دونَ القِصَّةِ زَمْعَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه مُرسَلًا (^٥). وزَمْعَةُ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٦). ثم ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ أخذَه في هذه المَسألَةِ بمُرسَلِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ دونَ غَيرِه لأنَّ مَراسيلَه أصَحُّ مِن مَراسيلِ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"رفعه موافق\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب عليها: \"بخطه\".\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"سأله\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب عليها: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) الأم ٣/ ١٨٨. قال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٦٨: ومصعب فيه ضعف وقد توبع.\n(^٤) أبو داود في المراسيل (١٩٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٨٩) من طريق زمعة به.\n(^٦) هو زمعة بن صالح الجندى اليمانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٣/ ٤٥١، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٦٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٣٨٦.","vol":"11","page":453},{"text":"غَيرِه، ولأنَّه قَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا، واللهُ أعلمُ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمِّى أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، يقولُ: مُرسَلاتُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ صِحاحٌ، لا نَرَى أصَحَّ مِن مُرسَلاتِه، وأمّا الحَسَنُ وعَطاءٌ فلَيسَ هِىَ بذاكَ، هِىَ أضعَفُ المُرسَلاتِ؛ لأنَّهُما كانا يأخُذانِ عن كُلٍّ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ الجُندَيْسابورِىُّ، حدثنا مَعمَرُ [بنُ سَهلٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن أبى العَوّامِ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال في الرَّجُلِ يَرتَهِنُ الرَّهنَ فيَضيعُ، قال: إنْ كان أقَلَّ مِمّا فيه رُدَّ (^٤) عَلَيه تَمامُ حَقِّه، وإِنْ كان أكثَرَ فهو أمينٌ (^٥). هذا لَيسَ بمَشهورٍ عن عُمَرَ.\nواختَلَفَتِ الرِّواياتُ فيه عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، فروِىَ عنه كما:\n\n١١٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ابنُ شَبّانَ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٣/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٢٢).\n(^٣) في ز: \"عن سهل\". وفى ص ٦: \"عن سهيل\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٩/ ١٩٦.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"يرد\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٣ من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل ما نصه: \"بخطه في المواضع: شيبان. قلت: ضبطه ابن ماكولا بفتح الشين =","vol":"11","page":454},{"text":"العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا كان في الرَّهنِ فضلٌ، فإِنْ أصابَته جائحَةٌ فالرَّهنُ بما فيه، فإِنْ لَم تُصِبْه جائحَةٌ فإِنَّه يُرَدُّ الفَضلُ (^١). ما رَوَى خِلاسٌ عن علىٍّ أخَذَه مِن صَحيفَةٍ، قالَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن علىٍّ مُطلَقًا: يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ:\n\n١١٣٤١ - [أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ شَبّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن علىٍّ في الرَّهنِ إذا هَلَكَ: يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ] (^٣) (^٤).\n\n١١٣٤٢ - [قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الباقِى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ] (^٥)،\n_________\n= المعجمة وتشديد الباء الموحدة بعدها، وفى آخره نون، والله أعلم\". ا. هـ.\nوهو عبد العزيز بن محمد بن جعفر بن المؤمن أبو القاسم التميمى العطار البغدادى المعروف بابن شبان، سمع ابن قانع وأبا بكر النجار، قال الخطيب: كتبنا عنه، وكان صدوقًا. توفى سنة (٤١٥ هـ).\nتاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٤٦٧، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٧٧.\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٣ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٦٦.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٣٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٢١) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) ليس في: ز.","vol":"11","page":455},{"text":"[عن علىٍّ قال في الرَّهنِ: يَتَرادَّانِ الزّيادَةَ] (^١) والنُّقصانَ (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ الحَكَمُ ابنُ عُتَيبَةَ لَم يُدرِكْ عَليًّا.\nوقَد روِىَ عن الحَجّاجِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n١١٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا كان الرَّهنُ أفضَلَ مِنَ القَرضِ أو كان القَرضُ أفضَلَ مِنَ الرَّهنِ ثُمَّ هَلَكَ، يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ.\n\n١١٣٤٤ - وعن الحَجّاجِ عن عَطاءٍ قال: كان يُقالُ: يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ بَينَهُما. الحارِثُ الأعوَرُ والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ ومُعَمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِم (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ ثالِثٍ عن علىٍّ:\n\n١١٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ شَبّانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ز.\n(^٢) يظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٣) تقدم ذكر مصادر ترجمة الحارث والحجاج في قبل (٣٣)، وأما معمر فهو: معمر بن سليمان النخعى أبو عبد الله الرقى. يظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٤٧، وثقات ابن حبان ٩/ ١٢٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٣٢٦.","vol":"11","page":456},{"text":"علىٍّ قال: إذا كان الرَّهنُ أقُلَّ رُدَّ الفَضلُ، وإِنْ كان أكثَرَ فهو بما فيهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: الرِّوايَةُ عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ بأن: يَتَرادّانِ الفَضلَ. أصَحُّ عنه مِن رِوايَةِ عبدِ الأعلَى، وقَد رأينا أصحابَكُم يُضَعِّفونَ رِوايَةَ عبدِ الأعلَى التى لا يُعارِضها مُعارِضٌ تَضعيفًا شَديدًا، فكَيفَ بما عارَضَه فيه مَن هو أقرَبُ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ وأولَى بها مِنه؟ (^٢) وهَذا الكَلامُ فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ عن الرَّبيعِ عن الشّافِعِىِّ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ (^٣) محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ ابنَةِ العباسِ بنِ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ الرُّخِّىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ قال: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى الثَّعلَبِىِّ، فقالَ: تَعرِفُ وتُنكِرُ. قال يَحيَى: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ يَعنِى الثَّورِىَّ في أحاديثِ عبدِ الأعلَى عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، فوَهَّنَها (^٥).\n\n١١٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٢٢) من طريق على بن صالح به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٣ من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"أخبرنا\". وينظر تكملة الإكمال ٢/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٤) قال السمعانى: بضم الراء، وقيل بكسرها وهو الأصح. الأنساب ٣/ ٥٤. وهو بالضم لا غير في الإكمال ٤/ ٣٥، واللباب ٢/ ٢١، وتوضيح المشتبه ٤/ ١٦٥. وقد ضبط بالضم أيضًا في الأصل، ز.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٥٣ من طريق آخر عن علىّ به.","vol":"11","page":457},{"text":"أبى حَصينٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: ذَهَبَتِ الرُّهونُ بما فيها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2506>بابُ ما رُوِىَ في غَلَقِ الرَّهنِ</span>\n\n١١٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَغْلَقُ الرَّهنُ\" (^٢). فبِذَلِكَ يُمنَعُ صاحِبُ الرَّهنِ أنْ يَبتاعَ مِنَ الَّذِى رَهَنَه عِندَه حَتَّى يَبتاعَ مِن غَيرِهِ. هَكَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى، وصَوابُه فيما أظُنُّ: وذَلِكَ -يَعنِى غَلَقَ الرَّهنِ- أنْ يُمنَعَ صاحِبُ الرَّهنِ أنْ يَبتاعَ مِنَ الَّذِى رَهَنَه عِندَه حَتَى يُباعَ (^٣) مِن غَيرِه، فقالَ: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ\". يَعنِى لا يُمنَعُ صاحِبُ الرَّهنِ مِن مُبايَعَةِ المُرتَهِنِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٣٤٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عامِرِ بنِ مَسعودٍ القُرَشِىُّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ\". وإِنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ دارًا بالمَدينَةِ إلَى أجلٍ، فلَمّا جاءَ الأجَلُ قال الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٣ من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١١١) من طريق أبى حصين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٢ من طريق أبى اليمان به. وهو عند مالك في الموطأ ٢/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"يبتاع\".","vol":"11","page":458},{"text":"ارتَهَنَ: هِىَ لِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَغلَقُ الرَّهنُ\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ البَزّازُ (^٢) ببَغداذَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ قال: قُلتُ لِلزُّهرِىِّ: يا أبا بكرٍ، قَولُه: \"الرَّهنُ لا يَغلَقُ\"؟ قال: يقولُ: إنْ لَم أفُكَّ إلَى كَذا وكَذا فهو لَكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٢٨) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"البزار\".\n(^٣) جزء من حديث تقدم تخريجه في (١١٣٣٣).","vol":"11","page":459},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2507>كتابُ التفليسِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2508>بابُ المُشتَرِى يُفلِسُ بالثَّمَنِ</span>\n\n١١٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ أفلَسَ، فأدرَكَ الرَّجُل مالَه بعَينِه فهوَ أحَقُّ به\" (^١).\n\n١١٣٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخبَرَه أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أدرَكَ مالَه بعَينِه عِندَ رَجُلٍ -أو: إنسانٍ- قَد أفلَسَ فهوَ أحَقُّ به مِن غَيرِه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٣٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٢٨)، والشافعى ٣/ ١٩٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٧٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٥١٩)، وابن حبان (٥٠٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥١٩) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"11","page":461},{"text":"سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه سَواءً، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"عِندَ رَجُلٍ\". لَم يَشُكَّ (^١).\nرَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ وحَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ وسُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ وعَبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ وحَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، كُلُّهُم عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١١٣٥٣ - وفِى رِوايَتِه عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ في هذا الحديثِ: \"أيُّما امرِئٍ أفلَسَ ثُمَّ وجَدَ رَجُلٌ سِلعَتَه بعَينِها فهو أولَى بها مِن غَيرِه\".\nأخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ بهَراةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ يَحيَى أبو سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. [فذَكَرَه قال: عن عن (^٥).\n\n١١٣٥٤ - وقَد رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ صَريحًا عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ] (^٤) في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٠٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٠٢)، ومسلم (١٥٥٩/ ٢٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٥٩/ عقب ٢٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٥، ص ٦. والمثبت من حاشة الأصل وكتب فوقه: بخط المؤلف. وقد أثبت في م بين قوسين.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٥٨) عن محمد بن رمح به. والترمذى (١٢٦٢)، والنسائى (٤٦٩٠) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"11","page":462},{"text":"مُبتاعِ السِّلعَةِ:\nأخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حدئنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا ابتاعَ الرَّجُلُ سِلعتَه (^١)، ثُمَّ أفلَسَ وهِىَ عِندَه بعَينِها فهو أحَقُّ بها مِنَ الغُرَماءِ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَعَ في كِتابِى: عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ. وهو غَلَطٌ.\n\n١١٣٥٥ - فقَد أخبرَنا ألو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ بَيانٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ عمرٍو، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: \"مَنِ اشتَرَى سِلعَةً ثُمَّ أفلَسَ فصاحِبُها أحَقُّ بها\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الغَزِّىُّ عن الفِريابِىِّ عن سُفيانَ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زَيدُ بنُ أبى الزَّرقاءِ عن سُفيانَ عن يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"السلعة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٣١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٣٧) من طريق محمد بن يوسف الفريابى به.\n(^٣) ينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩ من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩، والباغندى في مسند عمر (٤٨) من طريق زيد بن أبى الزرقاء به.","vol":"11","page":463},{"text":"١١٣٥٦ - ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ حَزمٍ بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ أدرَكَ سِلعَتَه بعَينِها عِندَ رَجُلٍ قَد أفلَسَ فهو أحَقُّ بها مِن غَيرِه\". أخبرَناه أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه الكُشمِيهَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى مَريَم، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ الهادِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ حَزمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ الهادِ:\n\n١١٣٥٧ - أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ حَزمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال في حَديثِ اللَّيثِ: عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ حَزمٍ صَريحًا في البَيعِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٦٩٩ - الروض) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به. والباغندى في مسند عمر (٤٩ - ٥١)، وأبو عوانة (٥٢٢٨) من طرق عن يزيد بن الهاد به.\n(^٢) ينظر التخريج السابق.","vol":"11","page":464},{"text":"١١٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى حُسَينٍ أنَ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أخبَرَه أنَّ عُمَرَ ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخبَرَه عن حَديثِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى يُعدِمُ؛ إذا وُجِدَ عِندَه المَتاعُ ولَم يُفَرِّقْه أنَّه لِصاحِبِه الَّذِى بايَعَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ لنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣) المُفَسِّرُ المُقرِئُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن خُثَيمِ بنِ عِراكٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هُرَيرَة، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أفلَسَ الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٣٣) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد به. والنسائى (٤٦٩١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٩/ ٢٣).\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل، ز، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"بن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، س. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٤١.","vol":"11","page":465},{"text":"فوَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ عِندَه سِلعَتَه فهو أحَقُّ بها\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ ابنِ الشّاعِرِ عن أبى سلمةَ مَنصورِ بنِ سلمةَ الخُزاعِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ الرَّصاصِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى قَتادَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، قال قَتادَةُ: أخبرَنِى، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أفلَسَ الرَّجُلُ فوَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ عَينَ مَتاعِه فهو أحَقُّ به\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١١٣٦١ - ورَواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ عن قَتادَةَ فقالَ في مَتنِه: \"فأدرَكَ رَجُلٌ مَتاعَه بعَينِه فهو أحَقُّ به مِنَ الغُرَماءِ\".\nأخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٣٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٩/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) في ز: \"الكتانى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٦٤ عن سليمان بن شعيب به. وأحمد (٩٣٢٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٥٩/ ٢٤).","vol":"11","page":466},{"text":"عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أفلَسَ الرَّجُلُ ووَجَدَ البائعُ سِلعَتَه بعَينِها فهو أحَقُّ بها دونَ الغُرَماءِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَرمَلَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: أفلَسَ مَولًى لأُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فاختُصِمَ فيه إلَى عثمانَ فقَضَى عثمانُ أنَّ مَن كان اقتَضَى مِن حَقِّه شَيئًا قبلَ أنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ إفلاسُه فهو له ومَن عَرَفَ مَتاعَه فهو لَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2509>بابُ المُشتَرِى يَموتُ مُفلِسًا بالثَّمَنِ</span>\n\n١١٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٦٦، ٨٩٩٥، ١٠٣٢٢) من طرق عن قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٩/ عقب ٢٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٣٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٥١٦٢)، ومن طريقه عبد بن حميد (١٤٣٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٣٨) عن أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن أبى حامد الشرقى به. والحميدى (١٠٣٥)، وأحمد (٧٣٩٠) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٤) جزء على بن حجر (٣٢١). وأخرجه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٣٢٠ من طريق أبو طاهر محمد =","vol":"11","page":467},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو المُعتَمِرِ، عن عُمَرَ (^١) بنِ خَلدَةَ قال: أتَينا أبا هريرةَ في صاحِبٍ لَنا أُصيبَ -يَعنِى أفلَسَ- فأصابَ رَجُلٌ مَتاعًا بعَينِه، قال أبو هريرةَ ة هذا الَّذِى قَضَى فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّ مَن أفلَسَ أو ماتَ فأدرَكَ رَجُلٌ مَتاعَه بعَينِه فهو أحَقُّ به، إلَّا أنْ يَدَعَ الرَّجُلُ وفاءً (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ وعاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ وغَيرُهُما عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ وقالا: إلَّا أن يَترُكَ صاحِبُه وفاءً (^٣).\n\n١١٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: قَد كان فيما قَرأنا على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ يَعنِى ابنَ هِشامٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ مَتاعًا فأفلَسَ الَّذِى ابتاعَه، ولَم يَقبِضِ البائعُ مِن ثَمَنِه شَيئًا، فوَجَدَه بعَينِه فهو أحَقُّ به، فإِن (^٤) ماتَ المُشتَرِى فصاحِبُ السِّلعَةِ أُسوَةُ الغُرَماءِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n= ابن الفضل به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١، ٣٢ من طريق محمد بن أبى حرملة به.\n(^١) في س: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٤٩٧)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٥٢٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩ من طريق شبابة به.\n(^٤) في النسخ: \"وإن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٣٧)، والشافس ٣/ ٢١٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٧٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٥٢٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٠٦).","vol":"11","page":468},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ: الَّذِى أخَذتُ به أولَى بى -يَعنِى حَديثَ ابنِ خَلدَةَ- مِن قِبَلِ أنَّ ما أخَذتُ به مَوصولٌ، يَجمَعُ فيه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَ المَوتِ والإِفلاسِ، وحَديثَ ابنِ شِهابٍ مُنقَطِعٌ، ولَو لَم يُخالِفْه غَيرُه لَم يَكُنْ مِمّا يُثبِتُه أهلُ الحديثِ، ولَو لَم يَكُنْ في تَركِه حُجَّةٌ إلَّا هذا انبَغَى لِمَن عَرَفَ الحديثَ تَركُه مِنَ الوَجهَينِ، مَعَ أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَروِى عن أبى هريرةَ حَديثَه لَيسَ فيه ما رَوَى ابنُ شِهابٍ عنه مُرسَلًا إن كان رَواه كُلَّه، ولا أدرِى عَمَّن رَواه، ولَعَلَّه رَوَى أوَّلَ الحديثِ، وقالَ برأيِه آخِرَه، ومَوجودٌ في حَديثِ أبى بكرٍ عن أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه انتَهَى بالقَولِ: \"فهو أحَقُّ به\". أشبَهَ أنْ يَكونَ ما زادَ على هذا قَولًا مِن أبى بكرٍ لا رِوايَةً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مَوصولًا ولا يَصحُّ:\n\n١١٣٦٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ فِراسٍ المالِكِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ يَعنِى الخَبائرِىَّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٣/ ٢١٥.","vol":"11","page":469},{"text":"سِلعَةً، فأدرَكَ سِلعَتَه بعَينِها عِندَ رَجُلٍ قَد أفلَسَ، ولَم يَقبِضْ (^١) مِن ثَمَنِها شيئًا فهِىَ له، فإِن كان قَضاه مِن ثَمَنِها شَيئًا فما بَقِىَ فهو أُسوَةُ الغُرَماءِ\". زادَ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: \"وأيُّما امرِئ هَلَكَ وعِندَه مَتاعُ امرِئٍ بعَينِه -اقتَضَى مِنه شَيئًا أو لَم يَقتَضِ- فهو أُسوَةُ الغُرَماءِ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٣٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الخَبائرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه دونَ قِصَّةِ الهَلاكِ (^٣).\n\n١١٣٦٨ - ورَواه اليَمانُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وهو ضَعيفٌ. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ السِّمنانِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا اليَمانُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّبَيدِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعنَى حَديثِ إسماعيلَ في المتنِ وخِلافِه في الإِسنادِ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"يقض\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥٢٢). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠ من طريق جعفر بن محمد الفريابى به. وابن الجارود (٦٣٢) عن محمد بن عوف به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩، ٣٠ من طريق محمد بن جعفر الفريابى به. وابن الجارود (٦٣١) من طريق عبد الله بن عبد الجبار به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٥٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٦١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠ من طريق عمرو بن عثمان به.","vol":"11","page":470},{"text":"قال: إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ مُضطَرِبُ الحديثِ، ولا يَثبُتُ هذا عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وإِنَّما هو مُرسَلٌ، وخالَفَه اليَمانُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ في إسنادِه، واليَمانُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ ضَعيفٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2510>بابُ الحَجْرِ على المُفلِسِ وبَيعِ مالِه في ديونِهِ</span>\n\n١١٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشّاذَكُونِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ ابنُ يوسُفَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ النَّوْقانِىُّ (^٢) بها وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ بنَيسابورَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ فهْدٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- حَجَرَ على مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ مالَه، وباعَه في دَينٍ كان عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n١١٣٧٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩، ٣٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"التوقانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٥٣٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٣٤)، وفى المعرفة (٣٦٣٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٥٩٣٩)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣١، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٨، ٤/ ١٠١ من طريق إبراهيم بن معاوية به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٤٣: وفيه إبراهيم بن معاوية الزيادى وهو ضعيف.","vol":"11","page":471},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه قال: كان مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ شابًّا حَليمًا سَمحًا مِن أفضلِ شَبابِ قَومِه، ولَم يَكُنْ يُمسِكُ شَيئًا، فلَم يَزَلْ يَدّانُ حَتَى أغرَقَ مالَه كُلَّه في الدَّينِ، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فكَلَّمَ غُرَماءَه، فلَو تَرَكوا أحَدًا مِن أجلِ أحَدٍ لَتَرَكوا مُعاذًا مِن أجلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فباعَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعنِى مالَه حَتَّى قامَ مُعاذٌ بغَيرِ شَئٍ (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ الصَّنعانِىُّ عن مَعمَرٍ: وخالَفَه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ في إسنادِه فرَواه كما:\n\n١١٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ شابًّا جَميلًا سَمحًا مِن خَيرِ شَبابِ قَومِه، لا يُسألُ شَيئًا إلَّا أعطاه حَتَّى دانَ عَلَيه دَينٌ أغلَقَ مالَه، فكَلَّمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في أن يُكَلِّمَ له غُرَماءَه، ففَعَلَ فلَم يَضَعُوا له شَيئًا، فلَو تُرِكَ لأحَدٍ بكَلامِ أحَدٍ لَتُرِكَ لِمُعاذٍ بكَلامِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فدَعاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فلَم يَبرَحْ مِن أنْ باعَ مالَه وقَسَمَه بَينَ غُرَمائِه. قال: فقامَ مُعاذٌ ولا مالَ لَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن مَعمَرٍ. لَم يَقُلْ: عن أبيه. وقالَ: عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٧٣، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٤٠٥. وعبد الرزاق (١٥١٧٧) وفيه: عن أبيه موصولًا. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٧٢)، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ٣٠ (٤٤)، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠ من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٤٣ في إسناد الطبرانى: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"11","page":472},{"text":"الزُّهرِىِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان مُعاذٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوروِىَ مِن وجهَينِ ضعيفَينِ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في قِصَّةِ مُعاذٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٧٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، أنَّ غُلامَينِ مِن جُهَينَةَ كان بَينَهُما غُلامٌ، فأعتَقَ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، فحَبَسَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى باعَ فيه غُنَيمَةً لَه (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١٣٧٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانِىُّ ببَيهَقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بنُ خالُويَه البابَسِيرِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رَجُلانِ مِن جُهَينَةَ بَينَهُما غُلامٌ، فأعتَقَه أحَدُهُما، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فضَمَّنَه إيّاه، وكانَت له قَريبٌ مِن مِائَتَى شاةٍ، فباعَها فأعطاها صاحِبَه (^٤). الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ ضعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٤٤٦ - بغية) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٥٨٧، ٥٨٨، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٧٤، وسيأتى في (١١٣٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٤٠) عن سفيان به. وسيأتى في (٢١٣٧٦).\n(^٤) الإسماعيلى في معجمه ٥٦٦١٢. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٣٦٤) عن إسحاق بن خالويه به.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).","vol":"11","page":473},{"text":"وقَد رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى مِجلَزٍ مُرسَلًا (^١)، وهو أشبَهُ.\n\n١١٣٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ دُلافٍ (^٢)، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن جُهَينَةَ كان يَشتَرِى الرَّواحِلَ، فيُغالِى بها، ثُمَّ يُسرعُ السَّيرَ فيَسبِقُ الحاجَّ فأفلَسَ، فرُفِعَ أمرُه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقالَ: أمّا بَعدُ، أيُّها النّاسُ، فإِنَّ الأُسَيفِعَ أُسَيفِعَ جُهَينَةَ رَضِىَ مِن دِينِه وأمانَتِه أنْ يُقالَ: سَبَقَ الحاجَّ، ألَا إنَّه قَدِ [ادّانَ مُعرِضًا فأصبَحَ قَد (^٤) رينَ به] (^٣) فمَن كان له عَلَيه دَينٌ فليأتِنا (^٥) بالغَداةِ نَقسِمُ مالَه بَينَ غُرَمائِه، وإيّاكُم والدَّينَ؛ فإِنَّ أوَّلَه هَمٌّ وآخِرَه حَربٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٦) عن الثورى به. وسيأتى ذكره عقب (٢١٣٧٦).\n(^٢) ضبطه في الأصل بفتح الدال، وورد في حاشيته ما لفظه: \"حكى القاضى عياض أن دلافًا بتخفيف اللام، وهو عند الأكثرين بدال يابسة مفتوحة، وعند بعضهم هى مكسورة، والله أعلم، ووقع بخط المصنف: دلاف بضم الدال، والله أعلم\".\n(^٣) أدان معرضًا: أى استدان معرضًا عن الوفاء، ومعنى دين به: أحاط الدَّين بماله. النهاية ٢/ ١٤٩، ٢٩٠.\n(^٤) في النسخ: \"وقد\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٥) في س: \"فليلقنا\".\n(^٦) حرب: بفتح الراء وسكونها: أخذ مال الإنسان وتركه لا شيء له. شرح الزرقانى على موطأ مالك ٤/ ٩٥.\nوالحديت عند مالك ٢/ ٧٧٠. وسيأتى في (٢٠٥٢٠).","vol":"11","page":474},{"text":"١١٣٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ قال: نبِّئتُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ: نَقسِمُ مالَه بَينَهُم بالحِصَصِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2511>بابُ حُلولِ الدَّينِ على المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١١٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو ثابِتٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبى سلَمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بدَيِنه حَتَّى يُقضَى عنه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى سَمعانُ بنُ مُشَنِّجٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- صَلَّى على\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٦٤٠) عن أيوب.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢١٩٠، ٣٦٤١)، وفى الصغرى (٢٠٤٢، ٢٣٠٧)، وفى الشعب (٥٥٤٤)، والشافعى ٣/ ٢١٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٣) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\nوقال الترمذى: حديث حسن. وسيأتى في (١١٥٢١، ١١٥٢٢).","vol":"11","page":475},{"text":"جِنازَةٍ، فلَمّا انصرَفَ قال: \"أههنا مِن آلِ فُلانٍ أحَدٌ؟ \". فقالَ ذاكَ مِرارًا. قال: فقامَ رَجُلٌ يَجُرُّ إزارَه مِن مُؤَخَّرِ الناسِ، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمَا إنِّى لَم أُنَوِّهْ باسمِكَ إلَّا لَخَيرٍ؛ إنَّ فُلانًا -لِرَجُل مِنهُم- مأسورٌ بدَينِه، فلَو رأيتَ أهلَه ومَن يَتَحَرَّونَ بأمرِه قاموا فقَضَوا عنه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ البَغدادِىِّ.\nورُوِىَ في حُلولِ الدَّينِ على المَيِّتِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا، وعن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ مَوقوفًا، وكِلاهُما ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2512>بابٌ: لا يُؤاجَرُ الحُرُّ في دَينٍ عَلَيه، ولا يُلازَمُ إذا لَم يوجَدْ له شَئ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٠].\n\n١١٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا ليثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: أُصيبَ رَجُلٌ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في ثِمارٍ ابتاعَها فكَثُرَ دَينُه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَصَدَّقوا عَلَيه\". فتَصَدَّقَ النّاسُ عَلَيه، فلَم تبلُغْ ذَلِكَ وفاءَ دَينِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذوا ما وجَدتُم، ولَيسَ لَكُم إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٦٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٢٣١)، والنسائى (٤٦٩٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٤١) من طريق سعيد بن مسروق (والد سفيان) به. قال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٧٥: تابعه أبو الأحوص عن سعيد بن مسروق. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٥٨).","vol":"11","page":476},{"text":"ذَلِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ كَعبٍ أنًّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ -وهو أحَدُ قَومِه مِن بَنِى سلِمةَ- كثُرَ دَينُه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَم يَزِدْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- غُرَماءَه على أنْ خَلَعَ لَهُم مالَه (^٣).\n\n١١٣٨٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٤) الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ النُّعمانِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ رفاعَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: كان مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ مِن أحسَنِ النّاسِ وجهًا، وأحسَنِهِم خُلُقًا، وأسمَحِهِم كَفًّا، فادّانَ دَينًا كَثيرًا، فلِزَمَه غُرَماؤُه حَتَّى تَغَيَّبَ عَنهُم أيّامًا في بَيتِه حَتَّى استأدَى (^٥) رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- غُرَماؤُه، فأرسَلَ إلَيه يَدَعوه، فجاءَه ومَعَه غُرَماؤُه فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، خُذْ لَنا حَقَّنا مِنه. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٤٦٩)، والترمذى (٦٥٥)، والنسائى (٤٥٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٥٦)، وابن حبان (٥٠٣٣) من طرق عن الليث به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٧٢٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٦/ ١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٧١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) في النسخ: \"عبد الله\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو موافق لما في المستدرك.\n(^٥) في س: \"استأذن\".","vol":"11","page":477},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَن تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيه\". قال: فتَصدَّقَ عَلَيه ناسٌ، وأبَى آخَرونَ وقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، خُذْ لَنا بحَقِّنا مِنه. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اصبِرْ لَهُم يا مُعاذُ\". قال: فخَلَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن مالِه فدَفَعَه إلَى غُرَمائِه، فاقتَسَموه بَينَهُم، فأصابَهُم خَمسَةُ أسباعِ حُقوقِهِم، قالو ا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، بعْه لَنا. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَلُّوا عنه؛ فلَيسَ لكُم عَلَيه سَبيلٌ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ ببَعضِ ألفاظِه الواقِدِىُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2513>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعِ الحُرِّ المُفلِسِ في دَينِهِ</span>\n\n١١٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المِصِّيصِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- باعَ حُرًّا أفلَسَ [في دَينِهِ] (^٢).\nرَواه غَيرُه عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ بالشَّكِّ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n١١٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ أو أبى سَعدٍ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٧٤. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٥٨٧، ٥٨٨ عن محمد بن عمر الواقدى به. قال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٧٦: الواقدى تالف.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"لا بخطه\".","vol":"11","page":478},{"text":"النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- باعَ حُرًّا أفلَسَ (^١).\n\n١١٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدتنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٢) الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ الجَعدِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى حَبيبٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّ رَجُلًا قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ، فذَكَرَ أنَّه يُقدَمُ له بمالٍ، فأخَذَ مالًا كَثيرًا فاستَهلَكَه، فأُخِذَ الرَّجُلُ، فوُجِدَ لا مالَ له، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنْ يُباعَ. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١١٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ قال: رأيتُ شَيخًا بالِإسكَندَريَّةِ يُقالَ له: سُرَّقٌ، فقُلتُ له: ما هذا الاسمُ؟ فقالَ: اسمٌ سَمّانيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولَن أدَعَه. قُلتُ: ولِمَ سَمّاكَ؟ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فأخبَرتُهُم أنَّ مالِى يَقدَمُ، فبايَعونِى فاستَهلَكتُ أموالَهُم، فأتَوا بىَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، قالَ: \"أنتَ سُرَّقٌ\". وباعَى بأربَعَةِ أبعِرَةٍ، قال الغُرَماءُ لِلَّذِى اشتَرانِى: ما تَصنَعُ بهِ؟ قال: أُعتِقُه. قالوا: فلَسنا بأزهَدَ في الأجرِ مِنكَ. فأعتَقونِى بَينَهُم، وبَقِىَ اسمِى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦ الشك فيه: عن ابن سعيد أو أبى سعيد. قال الذهبى ٤/ ٢١٧٦: لم يخرج في السنن لنكارته.\n(^٢) كذا صحح في حاشية الأصل، وفى بقية النسخ: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٤ وصححه.","vol":"11","page":479},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ ابنا زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن أبيهِما وأَتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ في اشتِرائِه مِن أعرابِىٍّ ناقَة واستِهلاكِه ثَمَنَها (^١).\nورَواه مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ عن سُرَّقٍ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ورَواه شَيخُنا في \"المُستَدرَكِ\" فيما لَم نَقرأْ عَلَيه عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ عَتّابٍ (^٣) العَبْدِىِّ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ قال: رأيتُ شَيخًا بالإسكَندَريَّةِ. فذَكَرَه أتَمَّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ بَشارٍ (^٤). ومَدارُ حَديثِ سُرَّقٍ على هَؤُلاءِ، وكُلُّهُم لَيسوا بأقوياءَ؛ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وابنا زَيدٍ (^٥)، وإِن كان الحديثُ عن زَيدٍ عن ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ فابنُ البَيلَمانِىِّ ضَعيفٌ في الحديث (^٦)، وفِى إجماعِ العُلَماءِ على خِلافِه -وهُم لا يُجمِعونَ على تَركِ رِوايَةٍ ثابِتَةٍ- دَليلٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٥٧، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٦٢ من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٥٧، والطبرانى (٦٧١٦) من طريق مسلم بن خالد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٤٢: وفيه مسلم بن خالد الزنجى وثقه ابن معين وابن حبان وضعفه جماعة.\n(^٣) في ز: \"غياث\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٤/ ١٠١، ١٠٢.\n(^٥) تقدم ذكر مصادر ترجمة ابنى زيد (عبد الرحمن وعبد الله) في (١٢١٢).\nوأما عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن دينار القرشى العدوى المدنى مولى عبد الله بن عمر بن الخطاب. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣١٦، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٦) عبد الرحمن بن البيلمانى مولى عمر. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٦٣، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢١٦، وثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ٩١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٨.","vol":"11","page":480},{"text":"على ضَعفِه، أو نَسخِه إنْ كان ثابِتًا، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١١٣٨٥ - وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ في \"المراسيلِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كان يَكونُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دُيونٌ على رِجالٍ، ما عَلِمنا حُرًّا بِيعَ في دَينٍ.\nأخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2514>بابُ العُهدَةِ ورُجوعِ المُشتَرِى بالدَّرَكِ </span>(^٢)\n\n١١٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن موسَى بنِ السّائبِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الرَّجُل أحَقُّ بعَينِ مالِه إذا وجَدَه، ويَتَّبعُ البَيعُ (^٣) مَن باعَه\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ عن عمرِو بنِ عَونٍ بمَعناه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود في المراسيل (١٧٠).\n(^٢) الدرك: اسم مصدر بمعنى الإدراك وفسره بعضهم بالعهد والتبعة؛ أى المطالبة. ينظر إعانة الطالبين ٣/ ٧٧.\n(^٣) البيِّع هنا بمعنى المشترى، قال في النهاية ١/ ١٧٣: البائع والمشترى يقال لكل واحد فيهما: بيِّع وبائع. وينظر الحديث التالى.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٤٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٦٩٥) من طريق عمرو بن عون به. وأحمد (٢٠١٤٨) عن هشيم به. وسيأتى في (١١٦٥٥).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٥٣١). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٥٨).","vol":"11","page":481},{"text":"١١٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ضاعَ لأحَدِكُم مَتاعٌ أو سُرِقَ له مَتاعٌ فوَجَدَه في يَدِ رَجُلٍ بعَينِه فهو أحَقُّ به، ويَرجِعُ المُشتَرِى على البائعِ بالثَّمَنِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2515>بابُ حَبسِ مَن عَلَيه الدَّينُ إذا لَم يُظهِرْ مالَه، وما على الغَنِىِّ المَطلِ</span>\n\n١١٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن وبْرِ بنِ أبى دُلَيلَةَ، عن فُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَىُّ الواجِدِ يُحِلُّ عِرضَه وعُقوبَتَه\".\nقالَ سفيانُ: يَعنِى \"عِرضَه\" أنْ يَقولَ: ظَلَمَنِى حَقِّى \"وعُقوبَتَه\": يُسجَنُ (^٢). فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ هذا هو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مُسَيكَةَ.\n\n١١٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا وبْرُ بنُ أبى دُلَيلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو نَصرِ أبنُ قَتادَةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٤٦)، وأبن ماجه (٢٣٣١) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨١٦): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ لتدليس حجاج بن أرطاة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٧٢٥٠) عن عبد الله بن محمد بن أبى مريم به، وعنده: محمد بن عبد الله بن ميمون. مبينا كما ذكر المصنف.","vol":"11","page":482},{"text":"قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّيُّ وهو إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن وبْرِ بنِ أبى دُلَيلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّرِيدِ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَىُّ الواجِدِ يُحِلُّ عِرضَه وعقوبَتَه\" (^١).\n\n١١٣٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن وبْرِ بنِ أبى دُلَيلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ مَيمونٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال ابنُ المُبارَكِ: \"يُحِلُّ عِرضَه\". يُغَلَّظُ له، \"وعُقوبَتَه\": يُحبَسُ لَه (^٢).\n\n١١٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِنَ الظُّلمِ مَطلَ الغَنِيِّ، وإذا أُتبِعَ أحَدُكُم على مَلِيٍّ فليتبَعْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ رافِع عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٣٧). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٧٢٤٩) عن أبى مسلم به. وأحمد (١٩٤٦٣) عن أبى عاصم به. والنسائى (٤٧٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٢٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٩) من طريق وبر به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٤٣٧٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٢٨). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٧٠٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) عبد الرازق (١٥٣٥٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٧٥). وسيأتى في (١١٤٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٦٤/ عقب ٣٣)، والبخارى (٢٤٠٠).","vol":"11","page":483},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2516>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّقاضِى</span>\n\n١١٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن خَبّابٍ قال: كُنتُ قَينًا (^١) في الجاهِليَّةِ، وكانَ لِي على العاصِ بنِ وائلٍ دَراهِمُ، فأتَيتُه أتَقاضاه، فقالَ: لا أقضيكَ حَتَّى تكفُرَ بمُحَمِّدٍ. فقُلتُ: واللهِ لا أكفُرُ حَتَّى يُميتَكَ الله ثُمَّ يَبعَثَكَ. قال: فذَرْنِي حَتَّى أموتَ ثُمّ أُبعَثَ فأُوتَى مالًا ووَلَدًا، فأقضيَكَ. فنَزَلَ: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالَ لَأُوتَيَنَّ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا (٧٧)﴾ [مريم: ٧٧] (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١١٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ ابنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ ابنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ عَوفٍ بمِنًى يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ أعرابيًّا تَقاضَى على النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- دَينًا كان له عَلَيه فأغلَظَ له، فهَمَّ به أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"دَعوه؛ فإِنَّ لِصاحِبِ الحَق مَقالًا\". ثُمَّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) القين: الحداد. التاج ٣٦/ ٣٠ (ق ي ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٦٨)، والترمذي (٣١٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٣٢٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٧٩٥/ ٣٦).","vol":"11","page":484},{"text":"\"اقضوه\". فقالوا: لا نَجِدُ إلَّا سِنًّا أفضَلَ مِن سِنِّه. قال: \"اشتَروه وأعطوه؛ فإِنَّ خَيرَكُم أحسَنُكُم قَضاءً\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ أبي السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ حَمزَةَ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلامٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَلَامٍ: إنَّ اللهَ لَمّا أرادَ هُدَى زَيدِ بنِ سَعنَةَ، قال زَيدٌ: ما مِن عَلاماتِ النُّبوَّةِ شَئٌ إلا وقَد عرَفتُها في وجهِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- حينَ نَظَرتُ إليه، إلَّا اثنَتانِ لَم أخبُرهُما مِنه؛ يَسبِقُ حِلمُه جَهلَه، ولا تَزيدُه شِدَّةُ الجَهلِ عَلَيه إلَّا حِلمًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في مُبايَعَتِهِ، قالَ زَيدُ بنُ سَعنَةَ: فلَمّا كان قبلَ مَحِلَّ الأجَلِ بيَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في جِنازَةِ رَجُلٍ من الأنصارِ ومَعَه أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وعُثمانُ في نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِه، فلَمّا صَلَّى على الجِنازَةِ ودَنا مِن جِدارٍ ليَجلِسَ إلَيه أتَيتُه فنَظَرتُ إلَيه بوَجهٍ غَليظٍ، ثُمَّ أخَذتُ بمَجامِعِ قَميصِه ورِدائِه فقُلتُ: اقضِنِي يا محمدُ حَقِّى، فواللهِ ما عَلِمتُكُم بَنِي عبدِ المُطلِبِ لَمِطالٌ، لَقَد كان لِي بمُخالَطَتِكُم عِلمٌ. فنَظَرتُ إلَى عُمَرَ وعَيناه تَدورانِ في وجهِه كالفَلَكِ المُستَديرِ، ثُمّ رَمانِي ببَصَرِه فقالَ: يا يَهودِىُّ، أتَفعَلُ هذا برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فوالَّذِى بَعَثَه بالحَقِّ لَولا ما أُحاذِرُ فوتَه لَضَرَبتُ بسَيفِى رأسَكَ. قال: ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنظُرُ إلَى عُمَرَ في\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٤٧٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٠٤٣، ١١٠٥٣، ١١٢٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٠٦، ٢٣٩٠، ٢٦٠٩)، ومسلم (١٦٠١/ ٢٠).","vol":"11","page":485},{"text":"سُكونٍ وتُؤَدَةٍ وتَبَسُّمٍ، ثُمّ قال: \"يا عُمَرُ، أنا وهو كُّنَا إلَى غَيرِ هذا مِنكَ أحوَجَ، أنْ تأمُرَنِي بحُسنِ الأداءِ، وتأمُرَه بحُسنِ التِّباعَةِ، اذهَبْ به يا عُمَرُ فاقضِه حَقَّه، وزِدْه عِشرينَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ مَكانَ ما رُعتَه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إسلامِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2517>بابُ ما جاءَ في المُلازَمَةِ</span>\n\n١١٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدثَنِي جَعفَر يَعنِي ابنَ رَبيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه كان له مالٌ على عبدِ الله بنِ أبي حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِىِّ، فلَقِيَه فلَزِمَه فتَكَلَّما حَتَّى ارتَفَعَتِ الأصواتُ، فمَرَّ بهِما رسولُ الله -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"يا كَعبُ\". وأشارَ بيَدِه كأنَّه يقولُ: النِّصفَ. فأخَذَ نِصفَ ما عَلَيه وتَرَكَ نِصفًا (^٢). رَواه البخاري عن يَحيَى ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلم فقالَ: قال اللَّيثُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١١٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ (^٤) بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا النَضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا هِرماسُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠١ - ٣٠٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٨٨) من طريق محمد بن المتوكل بن أبي السرى به. وتقدم بعضه في (١١٢٢٤). قال الذهبي ٤/ ٢١٧٩: هذا خبر منكر، ومحمد ليس بعمدة، وابن أبي السرى لينه أبو حاتم.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٥٤٢٩) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٥٧٩١) من طريق الأعرج به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٢٤، ٢٧٠٦)، ومسلم (١٥٥٨).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل، ز، ص ٥، ص ٦: \" معلى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ١٠٣.","vol":"11","page":486},{"text":"حَبيبٍ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أتَيتُ النَّبي -ﷺ- بغَريمٍ لِي، فقالَ لِي: \"الزَمْه\". ثُمَّ قال لِي: \"يا أخا بَنِي تَميمٍ، ما تُريدُ أنْ تَفعَلَ بأسيرِكَ؟ \" (^١).\n\n١١٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا (^٢) أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ ابنِ إسحاقَ بهَراةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السّامِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا هِرماسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه استَعدَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- على غَريمٍ، فقالَ: \"الزَمْه\". ثُمَّ لَقِيتُه (^٣) بعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"ما فعَلَ أسيرُكَ يا أخا بَنِي العنَبَرِ؟ \" (^٤).\n\n١١٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ (^٥)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سابِقٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي قَيسٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن أخيه، عن أبيه، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: دَخَلَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَسجِدَ وأُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ مُلازِمٌ رَجُلًا. قال: فصَلَّى وقَضى حاجَتَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فإِذا هو مُلازِمُه قال: \"حَتَّى الآنَ يا أُبَيُّ، حَتَّى الآنَ يا أُبَيُّ؟! مَن طَلَبَ أخاه فليَطلُبْه بعَفافٍ وافٍ أو غَيرِ وافى\" فلَمّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ تَرَكَه وتَبِعَه، قال: فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، قُلتَ قَبلُ: \"مَن طَلَبَ أخاه فليَطلُبْه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٦٢٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٢٨) من طريق النضر بن شميل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٨٣).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"إجازة\". وفي ص ٥: \"أخبرنا أبو نصر ابن قتادة إجازة\".\n(^٣) في النسخ عدا ص ٥: \"لقيه\".\n(^٤) ينظر الحديث السابق.\n(^٥) في س: \"وراة\"، وفي ز: \"زرارة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٢٨.","vol":"11","page":487},{"text":"بعَفافٍ وافٍ أو غَيرِ وافٍ\"؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما العَفافُ؟ قال: \"غَيرَ شاتِمِه، ولا مُتَشَدَّدٍ عَلَيه، ولا مُتَفَحِّشٍ عَلَيه، ولا مُؤذيه\". قال: وافٍ أو غَيرِ وافٍ؟ قال: \"مُستَوفٍ حَقَّه، أو تارِكٍ بَعضَه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2518>بابُ استِحلافِ مَن ذَكَرَ عُسرَةً</span>\n\n١١٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ (^٢) بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ أحمدُ بنُ عمرو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَطلُبُ رَجُلًا بحَقٍّ فاختَفَى مِنه، فقالَ: ما حَمَلَكَ على هَذا؟ قال: العُسرَةُ. قال: فاستَحلَفَه على ذَلِكَ فحَلَفَ، فدَعا بصَكِّه فأعطاه إيّاه، وقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن آسَى (^٣) مُعسِرًا، أو وضَعَ عنه نَجّاه الله مِن كُرَبِ يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ صالِحِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في شعب الإيمان (١١٢٥٧).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٦: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) في س: \"أيسر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٨١٢)، وأبو عوانة (٥٢٣٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٦٣).","vol":"11","page":488},{"text":"١١٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ راهُويَه، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن أبيه، وعن أبي الزِّنادِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ وغَيرِهِم، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ وعُمَرَ ابنَ الخطابِ كانا يَستَحلِفانِ المُعسِرَ: باللهِ ما تَجِدُ ما تَقضيه مِن عَرَضٍ ولا قَرْضٍ (^١) - أو قال: ناضٍّ (^٢). ولَئن وجَدتَ مِن حَيثُ لا نَعلَمُ لَتَقضيَنَّه، ثُمَّ يُخَلّيانِ سَبيلَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2519>بابُ حَبسِه إذا اتُّهِمَ وتَخليَتِه مَتَى عُلِمَت عُسرَتُه وحَلَفَ عَلَيها</span>\n\n١١٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النبي -ﷺ- حَبَسَ رَجُلًا في تُهمَةٍ ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، ثُمَّ خَلَّى عَنه (^٤).\n\n١١٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ السَّقَطِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فرض\".\n(^٢) أهل الحجاز يسمون الدراهم والدنانير نضًّا، وناضًّا، قال أبو عبيد: إنما يسمونه ناضًّا إذا تحول عينا بعد أن كان متاعا. المصباح المنير ص ٢٣٣ (ن ض ض).\n(^٣) أبو الحسين بن بشران في فوائده - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية (٥١).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٤٠). وعبد الرزاق (١٨٨٩١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٠١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٦٣٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤١٧)، والنسائي (٤٨٩١) من طريق معمر به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"11","page":489},{"text":"بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا قال: إنَّما الحَبسُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لِلِإمامِ، فما حَبَسَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فهو جَورٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2520>بابُ مَن باعَ سِلعَةً بدَينٍ ثُمَّ طَلَبَ مِنه كَفيلًا</span>\n\n١١٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعٍ قال: بعتُ سِلعَةً مِن رَجُلٍ، فلَمّا بعتُه إيّاه، بَلَغَنِي أنَّه مُفلِسٌ، فأتَيتُ به شُرَيحًا فقُلتُ: خُذْ لي مِنه كَفيلًا. فقالَ شُرَيح: مالُكَ حَيثُ وضَعتَه. فأبَى أنْ يأخُذَ لِي كَفيلًا. قال: قُلتُ: فإِنِّى شَرَطتُ عَلَيه: فإِنِ اتَّبَعَتها نَفسِى فأنا أحَقُّ بها. فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: قَد أقرَرتَ بالبَيعِ، فبَيِّنَتُكَ على شَرطِكَ (^١)؟.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٢٩٥)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣١١، ٣١٢ من طريق سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"11","page":490},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2521>كتابُ الحَجْرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2522>بابُ الحَجْرِ على الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ ويُؤنَسَ مِنه الرُّشدُ</span>\nقال الله ﷿: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٦].\n\n١١٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ، أنَّ نَجدَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسألُه: مَتَى يَنقَضِى يُتمُ اليَتيمِ؟ فكَتَبَ إلَيه ابنُ عباسٍ: وكَتَبتَ تَسألُنِي: مَتَى يَنقَضِى يُتمُ اليَتيمِ؟ ولَعَمرِى إنَّ الرَّجلَ لَتَنبُتُ لِحيَتُه وإِنَّه لَضَعيفُ الأخذِ لِنَفسِه، ضعيفُ العَطاءِ مِنها، فإِذا أخَذَ (^١) لِنَفسِه مِن صالِحِ ما يأخُذُ النّاسُ فقَد ذَهَبَ عنه اليُتمُ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ قال: كَتَبَ نَجدَةُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"وجد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٨٣٣) من طريق القعنبيّ به. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٩٦ - ١٣٠٩٨، ١٧٨٧٠، ١٧٩٠٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٧).","vol":"11","page":491},{"text":"الحَرورِيُّ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقالَ ليَزيدَ: اكتُبْ إلَيه: وكَتَبتَ تَسألُنِي عن اليَتيمِ: مَتَى يَنقَطِعُ عنه اسمُ اليُتمِ (^١)؛ وإِنَّه لا يَنقَطِعُ عنه اسمُ اليُتمِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ ويُؤنَسَ مِنه الرُّشدُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٠٦ - ورَواه قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ عن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: وأمّا ما سألتَ عن انقِضاءِ يُتمِ اليَتيمِ، فإِذا بَلَغَ الحُلُمَ وأونِسَ مِنه رُشدُه فقَد انقَضَى يُتمُه، فادفَعْ إلَيه مالَه. أخبرناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسًا. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2523>بابُ البُلوغِ بالسِّنِّ</span>\n\n١١٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"اليتيم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدى (٥٣٢)، وأحمد (٣٢٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٩٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٥، ٢٦٨٥)، والطبرانى (١٠٨٣٠) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٤٢، ١٨٠٢٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٤٠).","vol":"11","page":492},{"text":"أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافط وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفانَ، حدَّثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عَرَضَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ في القِتالِ وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فلَم يُجِزنِي، فلَمّا كان يَومُ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ فأجازَنِي، فقَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزير -وعُمَرُ يَومَئذٍ خَليفةٌ- فحدثته بهَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: إنَّ هذا (^١) لحَدٌّ بَينَ الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ. وكَتَبَ إلَى عُمّالِه أنِ افرِضوا ابنَ (^٢) خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وما كان سِوَى ذَلِك فألحِقوه بالعيالِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، أخرَجاه (^٤) مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n\n١١٤٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدَّثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: وعَرَضنِى يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، فأجازَنِي. قال نافِعٌ: فقَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) في ز، ص ٥، م: \"الحد\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وفي مصادر التخريج: \"لابن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٤٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٤٣) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وأبو عوانة (٧٢٣٣) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥١٥٣). وسيأتى في (١٧٢٩١، ١٧٢٩٢، ١٧٨٦٥).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه أخرجه البخاري ومسلم في الصحيح\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٨٦٨/ ٩١)، وتقدم في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤٠٧، ١٢٢٧٧).","vol":"11","page":493},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه إلا أنَّه قال: ومَن كان دونَ ذَلِكَ فاجعَلوه في العيالِ (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن عُبَيدِ الله (^٢).\n\n١١٤٠٩ - ورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ، فزادَ فيه عِندَ قَولِه: فلَم يُجِزْنِي: ولَم يَرَنِي بَلَغتُ. أخبَرَنيه الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتَحِ العُمَرِىُّ الإمامُ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرحمنِ بنُ أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البُرسانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِه ومَعناه، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ: في العيالِ. قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: في هذا الحديثِ حَرفٌ غَريبٌ، وهو قَولُه: ولَم يَرَنِي بَلَغتُ (^٤).\n\n١١٤١٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عُرِضتُ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فاستَصغَرَنِي، ثُمّ عُرِضتُ عَلَيه عامَ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٤٣) من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٦٨/ ٩١)، والبخارى (٢٦٦٤، ٤٠٩٧).\n(^٣) زيادة من: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٢٨) من طريق محمد بن بكر به.","vol":"11","page":494},{"text":"فأجازَنِي (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ: فاستَصغَرَنِي فرَدَّنِي مَعَ الغِلمانِ:\n\n١١٤١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عَرَضَنِي رسولُ اللهِ محمد يَومَ أُحُدٍ، وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ فاستَصغَرَنِي فرَدَّنِي مَعَ الغِلمانِ، فلَمّا كان يَومُ الخَندَقِ عَرَضَنِي وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ فأجازَنِي. قال عُبَيدُ الله: وكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: أنْ أجيزوا في الفَرضِ ابنَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ. قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: لا أُرَى نافِعًا إلَّا حَدَّثَه (^٣) بهَذا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\nوفي [حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبلَ ابنَ عُمَرَ ورافِعَ بنَ خَديجِ يَومَ الخَندَقِ وهُما ابنا خَمسَ عشرَةَ سنةً. رَواه إسحاق عن رَوحٍ عنه] (^٦) (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤٠٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٦٨/ ...).\n(^٣) في س: \"أخذ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٥٦١٨) عن محمد بن المثنى به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٦٨).\n(^٦) ليس في: ص ٦. وفي الأصل كتب فوقها في بدايتها: \"إجازة\". وفي نهايتها: \"إلى\".\n(^٧) سيأتى تخريجه في (١٧٨٦٧).","vol":"11","page":495},{"text":"١١٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عُرِضتُ على النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- يَومِ بَدرٍ وأنا ابنُ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنة فلَم يُجِزْنِي في المُقاتِلَةِ، وعُرِضتُ عَلَيه يَومَ أُحُدٍ وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، فلَم يُجِزْنِي في المُقاتِلَةِ، وعُرِضتُ عَلَيه يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، فأجازَنِي في المُقاتِلَةِ (^١).\n\n١١٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: هذه مَغازِى رسولِ الله -ﷺ- التي قاتَلَ فيها: يَومُ بَدرٍ في رَمَضانَ مِن سنةِ اثنَتَينِ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ في شَوَّالٍ سنةَ ثَلاثٍ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ يَومَ الخَندَقِ - وهو يَومُ الأحزابِ وبَنِي قُرَيظَةَ- في شَوّالٍ سنةَ أربَعٍ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وبَنَى لِحيانَ في شَعبانَ مِن سنةِ خَمسٍ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ مِن سنةِ سِتًّ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ يَومَ الفَتحِ في رَمَضانَ مِن سنةِ ثَمانٍ، وقاتَلَ يَومَ حُنَينٍ وحاصَرَ (^٢) أهلَ الطائفِ في شَوّالٍ سنةَ ثَمانٍ، وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسي (١٩٧٠)، والبزار (٥٦١٩) من طريق أبي معشر به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: طوحصر\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٦٢، ٤٦٣. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٩٦٨)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣٩٢ =","vol":"11","page":496},{"text":"١١٤١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثنِي حَسّانُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابن لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروة قال: هذا ذِكرُ مَعْازِى رسولِ الله -ﷺ- التي قاتَلَ فيها (^١).\n\n١١٤١٥ - قال يَعقوبُ: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: هذا ذِكرُ مَغازِى رسولِ الله -ﷺ- التي قاتَلَ فيها، فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ رِوايَةِ حَنبَلٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٤١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ قال: كانَت بَدرٌ لِسَنَةٍ ونِصفٍ مِن مَقدَمِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ، وأُحُدٌ بَعدَها بسَنَةٍ، والخَنَدَقُ سنةَ أربَعٍ، وبَنَى المُصطَلِقِ سنةَ خَمسٍ، وخَيبَرُ سنةَ دسِتٍّ، والحُدَيبيَةُ في سنةِ خَيبَر، والفَتحُ سنةَ ثَمانٍ، وقُرَيظَةُ في سنةِ الخَندَقِ (^٣).\n\n١١٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِئُ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n= من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به.\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٩٥، ٥/ ٤٦٢ وفيه: يعقوب عن عثمان بن صالح عن ابن لهيعة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٩٥، ٥/ ٤٦٢، ٤٦٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣٩٧.","vol":"11","page":497},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: كانَت غَزوَةُ أُحُدٍ في شَوّالٍ سنةَ ثَلاثٍ (^١).\n\n١١٤١٨ - وبِهَذا الاسنادِ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: كانَت غَزوَةُ الخَندَقِ في شَوّالِ سنةَ خَمسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَولُ عُروةَ بنِ الزبيرِ، ثُمَّ الزُّهرِىِّ في رِوايَةِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عنه، ثُمَّ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ في غَزوَةِ الخَندَقِ أنَّها كانَت سنةَ أربَعٍ أولَى بالصِّحَةِ مِن قَولِ مَن قال: إنَها كانَت سنةَ خَمسٍ؛ لِموافَقَةِ أقوالِهِم حَديثَ ابنِ عُمَرَ، مَعَ اتِّصالِ (^٣) حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ وثُبوتِه، وانقِطاعِ قَولِ غَيرِه.\nوقَد جَمَعَ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ بَينَ أقوالِهِم بأن أُحُدًا كانَت لِسَنَتَينِ ونِصفٍ مِن مَقدَمِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ، والخَندَقَ لأربَعِ سِنينَ ونِصفٍ مِن مَقدَمِه. وقَولُ مَن قال: سنةَ أربَعٍ. أرادَ بعدَ تَمامِ أربَعٍ وقَبلَ تَمامِ الخَمَسِ، ومَن قال: سنةَ خَمسٍ أرادَ بعدَ تَمامِ أربَعٍ والدُّخولِ في الخامِسَةِ، وقَولُ ابنِ عُمَرَ في يَومِ أُحُدٍ: وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً؛ أي طَعَنتُ في الرّابَعَ عَشَرَ، وقَولُه في يَومِ الخَندَقِ: وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً؛ أي استَكمَلتُها وزِدتُ عَلَيها، إلا أنَّه لَم يَنقُلِ الزّيادَةَ؛ لِعِلمِه بدَلالَةِ الحالِ، وتَعَلُّقِ الحُكمِ بالخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ دونَ الزّيادَةِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوهَذِه الطَريقَةُ عِندِى أصَحُّ، ففِى قصةِ الخَندَقِ في مَغازِى أبي الأسوَدِ عن\n_________\n(^١) سيرة ابن إسحاق ص ٣٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣٩٤، ٣٩٥.\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"اتفاق\".","vol":"11","page":498},{"text":"عُروةَ، و\"مغازى موسى بن عقبة\" أنَّه كان بَينَ أُحُدٍ والخَندَقِ سَنَتانِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٤١٩ - وأمّا الَّذِي رَواه محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ الطّايْكانِيُّ عن أبي المُقاتِلِ السَّمَرقَندِىِّ، عن عَوفٍ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن الغلامِ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، فإِنْ لَم يَحتَلِم حَتَّى يَكونَ ابنَ ثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ\". فهو فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدَ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ التُّوِيْكِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ الطّايكانِيُّ. فذَكَرَه في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ مَوضوعٍ (^١). ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ القاسِمِ هذا كان مَعروفًا بوَضعِ الحديث (^٢)، نَعوذُ باللهِ مِنَ الخِذلانِ.\nورَوَى قَتادَةُ عن أنَسٍ مَرفوعًا: \"الصبِيُّ إذا بَلَغَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ أقيمَت عَلَيه الحُدودُ\". وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، وهو بإِسنادِه في \"الخلافياتِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2524>بابُ البُلوغِ بالاحتِلامِ</span>\nقال الله تَعالَى: ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ﴾ [النساء: ٦] قال مُجاهِدٌ: الحُلُمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجوزى في الموضوعات ٣/ ١١٤ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: المجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٣١٩، والضعفاء لأبي نعيم ص ١٤٥، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٩٣.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"لا يصح\".\n(^٤) مختصر الخلافيات ٤/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٥) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٧.","vol":"11","page":499},{"text":"١١٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانِي، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبي، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَة؛ عن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الغُلامِ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ\" (^١).\nوروّيناه مِن حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٢)، ومِن حَديثِ أبي ظَبيانَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن علي مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا، ومِن حَديثِ أبي ظَبيانَ عن عليٍّ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n١١٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ المَدينِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ رُقَيشٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ شُيوخًا مِن بَنِي عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، ومِن خالِه عبدِ الله بنِ أبي أحمدَ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ: حَفِظتُ عن رسولِ الله -ﷺ-: \"لا يُتمَ بعدَ احتِلامٍ، ولا صُماتَ يَومٍ إلَى اللَّيلِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١٥٤)، وسيأتى في (١٥٢٠٩).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١٥٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٨٠، ٨٦٨٦)، وسيأتى في (١٧٢٩٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨٧٣). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٦٥٨)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٩٠) من طريق أحمد بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٩٧).","vol":"11","page":500},{"text":"ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليٍّ وعن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مَرفوعًا (^١).\n\n١١٤٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ (^٢) القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سُمَيعٍ، حدثنا أبو رَزينٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ: إذا احتَلَمَتِ المَرأةُ فعَلَيها ما على أُمَّهاتِها مِنَ السِّترِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2525>بابُ بُلوغِ المَرأةِ بالحَيضِ</span>\n\n١١٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ، عن عاشةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ حائضٍ إلا بخِمارٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ نَزَلَت على صَفيَّةَ أُمِّ طَلحَةَ الطَّلَحاتِ (^٤)، فرأت بَناتٍ لَها فقالَت: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي (٢٣٥٠) من وجه آخر عن علي به. والطيالسى (١٨٧٦) من حديث جابر.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٣٢٩٦).\n(^٤) طلحة الطلحات: هو طلحة بن عبيد الله بن خلف، قيل: إنه جمع بين مائة عربى وعربية بالمهر =","vol":"11","page":501},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ وفي حُجرَتِى جاريَةٌ، فألقَى إلَيَّ حَقوَه (^١) وقالَ: \"شُقّيه بشَقَّتَينِ فأعطى هذه نِصفًا؛ والفَتاةَ التي عِندَ أُمِّ سلمةَ نِصفًا، فإِنِّى لا أُراها إلَّا قَد حاضَت\" أو: \"لا أُراهُما إلَّا قَد حاضَتا\" (^٢).\n\n١١٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريك، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي زُرعَةَ، عن ماهانَ الحَنَفِىِّ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ قالَت: إذا حاضَتِ الجاريَةُ وجَبَ عَلَيها ما يَجِبُ على أُمَّها. تَقولُ: مِنَ السِّترِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2526>بابُ البُلوغِ بالإِنباتِ</span>\n\n١١٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت بَنو قُرَيظَةَ على حُكمِ سَعدٍ، فبَعَثَ إلَيه رسولُ الله -ﷺ- وكانَ قَريبًا، فجاءَ على حِمارٍ، فلَمّا دَنا قال النَّبي -ﷺ-: \"قوموا إلَى سَيدِكُم\". فجاءَ فجَلَسَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إن هَؤُلاءِ نَزَلوا على حُكمِكَ\". قال: فإِنِّى أحكُمُ فيهِم أنْ تُقتَلَ المُقاتِلَةُ،\n_________\n= والعطاء الواسعين، فولد لكل واحد منهم ولد سمى طلحة، فأضيف إليهم. النهاية ٣/ ١٣١. وقيل غير هذا السبب، وفي تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٠٠: طلحة بن عبد الله بن خلف.\n(^١) حقوه: أي إزاره. النهاية ١/ ٤١٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٦٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٤٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٢٧).\n(^٣) البغوى في الجعديات (٢١٦٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٦٢٧٠) عن شريك به.","vol":"11","page":502},{"text":"وأن تُسبَى الذُّرّيَّةُ. فقالَ: \"لَقَد حَكَمتَ فيهِم بحُكمِ اللهِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شعبةَ. (^٢)\n\n١١٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطيَّةُ القُرَظِيُّ قال: كُنتُ مِن سَبىِ قُرَيظَةَ، وكانوا يَنظُرونَ فمَن أنبَتَ الشَّعَرَ قُتِلَ، ومَن لَم يُنبِتِ الشَّعَرَ لَم يُقتَلْ، وكُنتُ فيمَن لَم يُنبِتْ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ قال: وأخبَرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ القُرَظِيِّ قال: عُرِضتُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ قُرَيظَةَ، فشَكُّوا فيَّ، فأمَرَ النَّبي -ﷺ- أنْ يُنظَرَ إلَيَّ، هَل أنبَتُّ؟ فنَظَروا إلَيَّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٦٨)، وأبو داود (٥٢١٥، ٥٢١٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٢٢٢)، وابن حبان (٧٠٢٦) من طرق عن شعبة به. وسيأتى في (١٨٠٧٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٤٣، ٣٨٠٤، ٤١٢١، ٦٢٦٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٠٤) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٨٧٧٦)، والترمذي (١٥٨٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٤١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وسيأتى في (١٨٠٧٤، ١٨٠٠٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٠٤).","vol":"11","page":503},{"text":"فلَم يَجِدونِي أنبَتُ، فخَلَّى عَنَّى وألحَقَنِي بالسَّبىِ (^١).\n\n١١٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطيَّةُ القُرَظِيُّ قال: عُرِضنا على النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- زَمَنَ قُرَيظَةَ؛ فمَن كان مِنا مُحتَلِمًا أو نَبَتَت عانته قُتِلَ. قال: فنَظَروا إلَيَّ، فلَم تكُنْ نَبَتَت عانَتِى، فتُرِكتُ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكر أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ أخبَرَه أنَّ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ قُرَيظَةَ جَرَّدوه، فلَمّا لَم يَرَوا المَواسِى جَرَت على شَعَرِه -يُريدُ عانَتَه- تَرَكوه مِنَ القَتلِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ الله.\n\n١١٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الخَطْمِيُّ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، عن كَثيرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسي (١٣٨٠)، والنسائي (٤٩٩٦) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (٤٦١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ١٦٤ (٤٣٥) من طريق عبد الواحد بن غياث به. والحاكم ٣/ ٣٥ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٩)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٨٩، ٣٩٠ من طريق ابن وهب عن ابن جريج وحده به. والحميدي (٨٨٩)، وأبو عوانة (٦٤٧٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"11","page":504},{"text":"ابنِ السّائبِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبناءُ قُرَيظَةَ أنَّهُم عُرِضوا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- زَمَنَ قُرَيظَةَ، فمَن كان مِنهُم مُحتَلِمًا أو نَبَتَت عانته قُتِلَ، ومَن لَم يَكُنِ احتَلَمَ أو نَبَتَت عانَتُه تُرِكَ (^١).\n\n١١٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ رُفِعَ إلَيه غُلامٌ ابتَهَرَ جاريَةً في شِعرِه، فقالَ: انظُروا إلَيه. فلَم يوجَدْ أنبَتَ، فدَرأ عنه الحَدَّ (^٢). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وبَعضُهُم يَرويه عن عثمانَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: ابتَهَرَ: الابتِهارُ أن يَقذِفَها بنَفسِه؛ يقولُ: فعَلتُ بها. كاذِبًا، فإِن كان قَد فعَلَ فهو الابتيارُ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ موسَى، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- بابنِ أبي الصَّعبَةِ، قَدِ ابتَهَرَ امرأةً في شِعرِه، قال: انظُروا إلَى مُؤتَزَرِه. فنَظَروا فلَم يَجِدوا أنبَتَ الشَّعَرَ، فقالَ: لَو أنبَتَ الشَّعَرَ لَجَلَدتُه الحَدَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٤٢٩) من طريق حماد به سلمة به. وأحمد (١٩٠٠٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة عن أبي جعفر الخطمى عن محمد بن كعب عن كثير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٣٢٠٧).\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٨٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦١٥) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٣٩٧، ١٨٧٣٤) عن الثورى به.","vol":"11","page":505},{"text":"١١٤٣٤ - وعن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيبر قال: أُتيَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفانَ بغُلامٍ قَد سَرَقَ فقالَ: انظُروا إلَى مُؤتَزَرِه. فنَظَروا فلَم يَجِدوه أنبَتَ الشَعَرَ، فلَم يَقطَعْه (^١).\n\n١١٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمّارٌ وابنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ حَفصٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا أصابَ الغُلامُ الحَدَّ، فارتَبتَ فيه احتَلَمَ أم لا، نُظِرَ (^٢) إلَى عانتهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2527>بابٌ: الرُّشدُ هو الصَّلاحُ في الدِّينِ وإصلاح المالِ</span>\n\n١١٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ ابنُ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٦]. قال: يقولُ الله ﵎: اختَبِروا اليَتامَى عِندَ الحُلُمِ، فإِنْ عَرَفتُم مِنهُمُ الرُّشدَ في حالِهِم والِإصلاحَ في أموالِهِم فادفَعوا إلَيهِم أموالَهُم، وأشهِدوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٣٩٨، ١٨٧٣٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦١٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"فانظر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ٢٥٨ من طريق أبي العباس به.","vol":"11","page":506},{"text":"عَلَيهِم (^١).\n\n١١٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: صَلاحًا في دينِه، وحِفظًا لِمالِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى﴾ يَعنِي: الأولَياءَ والأوصياءَ؛ يقولُ: اخبُرُوهُم إذا بَلَغوا النَكاحَ، فإِن آنَستُم مِنهُم رُشدًا في الدِّينِ والرَّغبَةَ (^٣) فيه، وإِصلاحًا لأموالِهِم فادفَعوا إلَيهِم أموالَهم (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2528>بابٌ: المَرأةُ يُدفَعُ إلَيها مالُها إذا بَلَغَت رَشيدَةً، وتَملِكُ مِن مالِها ما يَملِكُ الرَّجُلُ مِن مالِه</span>\nقال الله ﵎: ﴿وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ، ولَم يُفَرِّقْ، وقالَ في آيَةِ الطَلاقِ: ﴿فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]. وقالَ: ﴿فَإِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره مقطعا ٦/ ٤٠٣، و٤٠٤، و٤٠٦، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٨٦٥ (٤٨٠٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٠٥، ٤٠٦ من طريق آخر عن الحسن به.\n(^٣) في حاشية ز ما نصه: \"قال شيخنا: كذا فيهما، وأحسبه: والرغبة أي الورع\". ولكن قال في حاشية الأصل ما نصه: \"كذا فيهما، وأحسبه: والرعة، أي الورع، والله أعلم\". وفي التاج ٢٢/ ٣١٤ (ور ع) أن الاسم من الورع هو الرِّعة والرِّيعة بكسرهما.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٨٦٥ (٤٧٩٩) من طريق بكير به.","vol":"11","page":507},{"text":"طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا﴾ [النساء: ٤]. وقالَ: ﴿فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. وقالَ: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]. وأذِنَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- لِحَبيبةَ بنتِ سَهلٍ في الاختِلاع مِن زَوجِها بشَئٍ تُعطيه (^١). واختَلَعَت مَولاةٌ لِصَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبي عُبَيدٍ مِن زَوجِها بكُلِّ شَيءٍ لَها، فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عبدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ مَيمونَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ أخبَرَته، أنّها أعتَقَت وليدَةً لَها ولَم تَستأذِنْ رسولَ الله -ﷺ-، فلَمّا كان يَومُها الَّذِى يَدورُ عَلَيها فيه قالَت: أشَعَرتَ يا رسولَ الله أنِّى قَد أعتَقتُ وليدَتِي فُلانَةَ؟ قال: \"أوَفَعَلتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أما إنَّه (^٣) لَو أعطَيتها أخوالَكِ كان أعظَمَ لأجرِكِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٤٩٥٠).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٤٩٦٩).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وفي مصادر التخريج: \"إنك\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٥٣) من طريق يحيى بن بكر به. والطبراني ٢٣/ ٤٤٠ (١٠٦٧) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٧٨٣٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٥٩٢)، ومسلم (٩٩٩).","vol":"11","page":508},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الأنماطيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ أنَّ عَبّادَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ الزبيرِ، أخبَرَه عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ أنَّها جاءَتِ النَّبي -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، إنَّه لَيس لِي شَئٌ إلَّا ما أدخَلَ عليَّ الزُّبَيرُ، فهَل علىَّ مِن جُناحٍ في أنْ أرضَخَ (^١) مِمّا يُدخِلُ عليَّ؟ فقال: \"ارضَخِى مما استَطَعتِ، ولا توعِى فيوعِىَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرِه، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ [عبدِ الرَّحيمِ] (^٣) عن حَجّاجٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"يا نِساءَ المُسلِماتِ، لا تَحقِرَنَّ جارَةٌ لِجارَتِها ولَو فِرْسِنَ شاةٍ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) الرضخ: العطية القليلة. حاشية السندى على النسائي ٥/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٨٩٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"عبد الرحمن\"، وفي ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"عبد الرحيم وغيره\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، ز. وهو الموافق لما في البخاري.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٢٩/ ٨٩)، والبخاري (١٤٣٤).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٨٢٢).","vol":"11","page":509},{"text":"البخارىُّ عن عبدِ الله بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١١٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عَطاءٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاء قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أشهَدُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أو قال عَطاءٌ: أشهَدُ على ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ في يَومِ عيدٍ، ثُمّ أتَى النِّساءَ -وظَنَّ أنَّه لَم يُسمِعْهُنَّ- وبِلالٌ مَعَه، فوَعَظَهُنَّ وأمَرَهُنَّ بالصَّدَقَةِ، فجَعَلَتِ المَرأةُ تُلقِى الخاتَمَ والقُرطَ، وبِلالٌ يأخُذُ في ناحيَةِ ثَوبِهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ حَمّادٍ.\nوفي رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ: خَرَجَ يَومَ فِطرٍ فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ، ثُمَّ أتَى النِّساءَ فأمَرَهُنَّ بالصَّدَقَةِ ومَعَه بلالٌ، فجَعَلنَ يُلقينَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ قَريبًا مِن لَفظِ حَمّادٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2529>بابُ الخَبَرِ الْذِى ورَدَ في عَطيَّةِ المَرأةِ بغَيِر إذنِ زَوجِها</span>\n\n١١٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانِي، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٠١٧)، ومسلم (١٠٣٠/ ٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٣)، وأبو داود (١١٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢٨٢٤) من طريق شعبة به. وابن خزيمة (١٤٣٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٨)، ومسلم (٨٨٤).","vol":"11","page":510},{"text":"أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ الضريرُ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه أَنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَجوزُ لِلمَرأةِ عَطيَّةٌ في مالِها إذا مَلَكَ زَوجُها عِصمَتَها\" (^١).\n\n١١٤٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عمرو، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا مَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأةَ لَم تَجُز عَطيَّتُها إلَّا بإِذنِه\" (^٢)\n\n١١٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ (^٣) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّاد، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ وحَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَجوزُ لاِمرأةٍ أمرٌ في مالِها إذا مَلَكَ زَوجُها عِصمَتَها\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ عن موسَى بن إسماعيلَ (^٥).\n\n١١٤٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٥٦٤) عن أبي مسلم به. وأحمد (٦٧٢٧، ٦٧٢٨) من طريق داود به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٨٨) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٥٤)، والطيالسى (٢٣٨١).\n(^٣) في ص: \"محمد\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٥٨)، والنسائى (٣٧٦٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٥٤٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٣٠): حسن صحيح.","vol":"11","page":511},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ققال: \"لا يَجوزُ لاِمرأة عَطيَّةٌ إلَّا بإذنِ زَوجِها\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ قال: قال الشافِعِيُّ يَعنِي في هذا الحديثِ: سَمِعناه، ولَيسَ بثابِتٍ فيَلزَمَنا أنْ نَقولَ به، والقُرآنُ يَدُلُّ على خِلافِه، ثُمَّ السُّنَّةُ، ثُمَّ الأثَرُ، ثُمَّ المَعقولُ (^٢). وقالَ في \"مختصر البويطى والربيعِ\": قَد يُمكِنُ أنْ يَكونَ هذا في مَوضِعِ الاختيارِ، كما قيلَ: لَيسَ لَها أنْ تَصومَ يَومًا وزَوجُها حاضِرٌ إلا بإِذنِه، فإِنْ فعَلَت فصومُها جائزٌ، وإِنْ خَرَجَت بغَيرِ إذنِه فباعَت فجائزٌ، وقَد أعتَقَت مَيمونَةُ قبلَ أنْ تُعلِمَ (^٣) النَّبي -ﷺ- فلَم يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فدَلَّ هذا مَعَ غَيرِه على أنَّ قَولَ النَبِىِّ -ﷺ-، إنْ كان قالَه أدَبٌ واختيارٌ لَها.\nقال الشيخُ: الطَريقُ في هذا الحديثِ إلَى عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ صَحيحٌ، ومَن أثبَتَ أحاديثَ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ لَزِمَه إثباتُ هذا، إلَّا أن الأحاديثَ التي مَضَت في البابِ قَبلَه أصَحُّ إسنادًا، وفيها وفي الآياتِ التي احتَجَّ بها الشافِعِي ﵀ دَلالَةٌ على نُفوذِ تَصَرُّفِها في مالِها دونَ الزَّوجِ، فيَكونُ حَديثُ عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ مَحمولًا على الأدَبِ والاختيارِ كما أشارَ إلَيه في كِتابِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٤٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٥٣٩، ٣٧٦٦) من طريق حسين به.\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ٢١٦.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"يعلم\".","vol":"11","page":512},{"text":"\"البويطى\"، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2530>بابُ الحَجرِ على البالِغيَن بالسَّفَهِ</span>\nقال الله تَعالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: فأثبَتَ الوِلايَةَ على السَّفيهِ والضَّعيفِ والَّذِى لا يَستَطيعُ أنْ يُمِلَّ وأمَرَ وليَّه بالإملاءِ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١١٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرَّاءُ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ عَثّامٍ (^٢) يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ الطَّلْحِيُّ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ المَدينِيِّ قاضيهِم، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ الله بنَ جَعفَرٍ اشتَرَى أرضًا بسِتِّمائَةِ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ، قال: فهَمَّ عليٌ وعُثمانُ أنْ يَحجُرا عَلَيه. قال: فلَقيتُ (^٣) الزُّبَيرَ فقالَ: ما اشتَرَى أحَدٌ بَيعًا أرخَصَ مِمَّا اشتَرَيتَ. قال: فذَكَرَ له عبدُ اللهِ الحَجرَ، قال: لَو أنَّ عِندِى مالًا لَشارَكتُكَ. قال: فإِنِّى أُقرِضُكَ نِصفَ المالِ. قال: فإِنّى شَريكُكَ. قال: فأتاهُما عليٌّ وعُثمانُ وهُما يَتَراوَضانِ، قال: ما تَراوَضانِ؟ فذَكَرا له الحَجْرَ على عبدِ الله بنِ جَعفَرٍ، فقالَ: أتَحجُرانِ (^٤) على\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"تمتام\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٧.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"فلقيه\".\n(^٤) في س: \"الحجر\"، وفي ص ٥: \"الحجران\".","vol":"11","page":513},{"text":"رَجُلٍ أنا شَريكُه؟ قالا: لا لَعَمرِى. قال: فإِنِّى شَريكُه. فتَرَكَه (^١).\n\n١١٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي عمرٌو الناقِدُ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ القاضِى يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ أتَى الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ فقالَ: إنِّى اشتَرَيتُ كَذا وكَذا، وإِنَّ عَليًّا يُريدُ أنْ يأتِيَ أميرَ المُؤمِنينِ عثمانَ، يَعنِي فيَسألَه أنْ يَحجُرَ عليَّ فيه. فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا شَريكُكَ في البَيعِ. وأتَى علىٌّ عثمانَ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ عثمانُ: كَيفَ أحجُرُ على رَجُلٍ في بَيعٍ شَريكُه فيه الزُّبَيرُ (^٢)؟\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: فعَلِيٌّ لا يَطلُبُ الحَجرَ إلَّا وهو يَراه، والزُّبَيرُ لَو كان الحَجرُ باطِلًا قال: لا يُحجَرُ على بالِغٍ حُرٍّ. وكَذَلِكَ عثمانُ، بَل كُلُّهُم يَعرِفُ الحَجرَ في حَديثِ صاحِبِكَ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أبي مَنيع، عن جَدَّه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٥٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥١٧٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٣/ ٢٢٠، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٤٨٥٩)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٣١ هن طريق أبي يوسف به.\n(^٣) الأم ٣/ ٢٢٠، وقوله: \"حديث صاحبك\" الكاف عائدة على المخاطب الذي كان يناظره في عدم جواز الحجر على الحر البالغ. ينظر الأم ٣/ ٢١٩، ٢٢٠.","vol":"11","page":514},{"text":"قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَوفُ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ الطُّفَيلِ -وهو ابنُ أخِى عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لأُمِّها- أنَّ عائشةَ، حُدِّثَت أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ قال في بَيعٍ أو عَطاءٍ أعطَته عائشَةُ: واللهِ لَتَنتَهيَنَّ عائشَةُ أو لَنَحجُرَنَّ عَلَيها. فقالَت: أهو قال هَذا؟ فقالوا: نَعَم. فقالَت عائشَةُ: هو للهِ عليَّ نَذرٌ ألَّا أُكَلِّمَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أبَدًا. فاستَشفَعَ ابنُ الزُّبيرِ إلَيها حينَ طالَت هِجرَتُها إيّاه، فقالَت: واللهِ لا أُشَفِّعُ فيه أحَدًا أبَدًا، ولا [أتَحَنَّثُ في نَذرِى] (^١) الَّذِي نَذَرتُه، فلَمّا طالَ ذَلِكَ على ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ كَلَّمَ المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الأسوَدِ بنِ عبدِ يَغوثَ -وهُما مِن بَنِي زُهرَةَ- فقالَ لَهُما: أنشُدُكُما اللهَ، لَما أدخَلتُمانِي على عائشةَ؛ فإِنَّها لا يَحِل لَها أنْ تَنذُرَ قَطيعَتِى. فأقبَلَ به المِسوَرُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ مُشتَمِلَينِ بأرديَتِهِما حَتَّى استأذَنا على عائشةَ فقالا: السَّلامُ عَلَيكِ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ وبَرَكاتُه، أنَدخُلُ؟ فقالَت عائشَةُ: ادخُلوا. فقالوا: كُلُّنا؟ قالَت: نَعَم، ادخُلوا كُلُّكُم. ولا تَعلَمُ أنَّ مَعَهُما ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ، فلَمّا دَخَلوا دَخَلَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحِجابَ، فاعتَنَقَ عائشةَ وطَفِقَ يُناشِدُها ويَبكِى، وطَفِقَ المِسوَرُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يُناشِدانِها إلَّا ما كَلَّمَته وقَبِلَت مِنه، ويَقولانِ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد نَهَى عَمّا قَد عَلِمتِ مِنَ الهِجرَةِ، وإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لِمُسلِمٍ أن يَهجُرَ أخاه فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ، فلَمّا أكثَرا (^٢) على عائشةَ مِن التَّذكِرَةِ والتَّحريجِ طَفِقَت تُذَكِّرُهُما وتَبكِى وتَقولُ: إنِّي قَد نَذَرتُ والنَّذرُ شَديدٌ. فلَم يَزالا بها حَتَّى كَلَّمَتِ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ، ثُمّ أعتَقَت في\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أحنث في النذر\".\n(^٢) في م: \"أكثروا\".","vol":"11","page":515},{"text":"نَذرِها ذَلِكَ أربَعينَ رَقَبَةً، ثُمَّ كانَت تَذكُرُ نَذرَها ذَلِكَ بعدَ ما أعتَقَت أربَعينَ رَقَبَةً، ثُمّ تَبكِى حَتَّى تَبُلَّ دُموعُها خِمارَها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: فهَذِه عائشَةُ لا تُنكِرُ الحَجرَ، وابنُ الزبيرِ يَراه، وقَد كان الحَجرُ مَعروفًا على عَهدِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- مِن غَيرِ أنْ يُروَى عنه إنكارُه، ودَلَّ على ذلِكَ ما:\n\n١١٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَبتاعُ، وكانَ في عُقدَتِه (^٣) ضَعفٌ، فأتَى أهلُه نَبِيَّ الله -ﷺ- فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ احجُرْ على فُلانٍ؛ فإِنَّه يَبتاعُ وفي عُقدَتِه ضَعفٌ. فدَعاه نَبِيُّ الله -ﷺ- فنَهاه عن البَيعِ، فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ الله، إنِّي لا أصبِرُ عن البَيعِ. فقالَ -ﷺ-: \"إنْ كُنتَ غَيرَ تارِكٍ البَيعَ فقُل: ها وها (^٤)، ولا خِلابَةَ (^٥) \".\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٠٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٢٣) عن أبي اليمان به. والطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٣ (٢٧) من طريق حجاج بن أبي منع به. والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٣٩٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠٧٣ - ٦٠٧٥).\n(^٣) قال في عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٠١: في عقدته ضعف: وقع تفسيره في بعض الروايات بلفظ: يعني في عقله ضعف.\n(^٤) ها وها: أي خذ وأعط. النهاية ٥/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٥) لا خلابة: أي لا خداع. النهاية ٢/ ٥٨.","vol":"11","page":516},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىِّ، وفي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ: أنَّ رَجُلًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يُبايعُ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١).\nوكأنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- حينَ رآه لَم يَرَه بمَحَلِّ الحَجرِ عَلَيه، وفي تَركِه إنكارَ الحَجرِ دَليلٌ على جَوازِ الحَجرِ.\n\n١١٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: السَّفيهُ الموَلَّى عَلَيه والمَملوكُ طَلاقُهُما جائزٌ وعِتاقُهُما باطِلٌ، إلَّا أنَّ السَّفيهَ يُعتِقُ أُمَّ ولَدِه إنْ شاءَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2531>بابُ النَّهىِ عن إضاعَةِ المالِ في غَيِر حَقِّهِ</span>\n\n١١٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَرير، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ورّادٍ مَولَى المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُم عُقوقَ الأمَّهاتِ ووأدَ البَناتِ ومَنَعَ وهاتِ، وكَرِهَ لَكم ثَلاثًا؛ قيلَ وقالَ، وكَثرَةَ السُّؤالِ، وإِضاعَةَ المالِ\" (^٢). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٧٦)، وأبو داود (٣٥٠١)، وابن حبان (٥٠٤٩، ٥٠٥٠) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٥٤)، والترمذي (١٢٥٠)، والنسائي (٤٤٩٧) من طرق عن سعيد به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٥٥٥) وما بعده. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٥٥٥) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. والنسائي في \"الكبرى\" كما في التحفة =","vol":"11","page":517},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n١١٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ الفَضلِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُوقَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن ورّادٍ قال: كَتَبَ المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ إلَى مُعاويَةَ، وزَعَمَ ورّادٌ أنَّه كَتَبَه بيَدِه: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ ثَلاثًا، ونَهَى عن ثَلاثٍ؛ عُقوقَ الوالِداتِ، ووأدَ البناتِ، ولا وهاتِ، ونَهَى عن ثَلاثٍ؛ قيلَ وقالَ، وِإضاعَةِ المالِ، وإِلحافِ السُّؤالِ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٤٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ الوَزانُ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُوقَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، لَم يَقُلْ: وزَعَمَ ورّادٌ أنَّه كَتَبَه بيَدِه. قال محمدٌ: فأخبَرَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ [ابن سعيدِ بنِ جبَيرٍ] (^٣) أن سعيد بن جُبَيرٍ سُئل عن إضاعَةِ المالِ قال: هو الرَّجُل\n_________\n= ٨/ ٤٩٧، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ٣٨٤ (٩٠١) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٨١٤٧) من طريق شيبان عن منصور به.\n(^١) البخاري (٢٤٠٨)، ومسلم (٥٩٣/ ١٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (١٠٥). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣١٩٦)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٩٧ (٩٤٢) من طريق يعلي بن عبيد به.\n(^٣) زيادة من حاشية الأصل.","vol":"11","page":518},{"text":"يَرزُقُه الله الرِّزقَ فيَجعَلُه في حَرامٍ حَرَّمَه عَلَيهِ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الشَّعبِىِّ عن ورّادٍ (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن مَرْوانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٥٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغانِيُّ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن زُهَيرٍ، أنَّ أبا إسحاقَ حَدَّثَهُم، عن أبي العُبَيدَينِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: النَّفَقَةُ في غَيرِ حَقٍّ هو التَّبذيرُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٩٧ (٩٤٢) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٤٧٧، ٢٤٠٨، ٦٤٧٣)، ومسلم (٥٩٣/ ١٢، ١٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٩٣/ ١٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٠٠٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في \"المجمع ٧/ ٥٠: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"11","page":519},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2532>كتابُ الصلحِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2533>باب </span>(^١)\n\n١١٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ وأنا أسمَعُ: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حمزة، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الصُّلحُ جائزٌ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2534>بابُ صُلحِ الإِبراءِ والحَطيطَةِ وما جاءَ في الشَّفاعَةِ في ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١١٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ (^٣) الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عمرو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه تَقاضَى ابنَ أبي حَدرَدٍ دَينًا كان له عَلَيه في المَسجِدِ، فارتَفَعَت أصواتُهُما\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٥، ص ٦، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن على ٦/ ٢٠٨٨، والحاكم ٤/ ١٠١ من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة به. والدارقطني ٣/ ٢٧ من طريق عبد العزيز به. وسيأتى في (١١٤٦٢، ١١٤٦٣). ووقع عند الحاكم: إبراهيم بن حمزة عن عبد العزيز بن محمد.\n(^٣) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"محمد بن عبد الله\".","vol":"11","page":521},{"text":"حَتَّى سَمِعَه رسولُ الله -ﷺ-، فخَرَجَ حَتَّى كَشَفَ سِترَ حُجرَتِه فقالَ: \"يا كَعبُ، ضَعْ مِن دَينِكَ هذا\". وأشارَ إلَيه؛ أىِ: الشَّطرَ، قال: نَعَم. فقَضاه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ المُسنَدِيِّ عن عثمانَ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ أبي إسحاق المُزَكِّى، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الله بنُ كَعبٍ أن كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه تَقاضَى ابنَ أبي حَدرَدٍ دَينًا كان له في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَسجِدِ، فارتَفَعَت أصواتُهُما حَتَّى سَمِعَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو في بَيتِه، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِما رسولُ الله -ﷺ- حَتَّى كَشَفَ سِترَ حُجرَتِه، ونادَى كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ قالَ: \"يا كَعبُ\". قال: لَبَيَّكَ يا رسولَ الله. فأشارَ إلَيه بيَدِه أنْ \"ضَعِ الشَّطرَ مِن دَينِكَ\". قال كَعبٌ: قَد فعَلتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"قُمْ فاقضِه\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ هوا بنُ صالِحٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٧٧)، ومسلم (١٥٥٨/ ٢١)، والنسائي (٥٤٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٢٩) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٣٩٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٧، ٢٤١٨، ٢٧١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٩٥)، وابن حبان (٥٠٤٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٧١)، ومسلم (١٥٥٨/ ٢٠).","vol":"11","page":522},{"text":"١١٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: وحَدَّثَنِي ابنُ مالكٍ أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه أنَّ أباه قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ شَهيدًا وعَلَيه دَينٌ، فاشتَدَّ الغُرَماءُ في حُقوقِهِم، قال جابِرٌ: فأتَيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- فكَلَّمتُه، فسألَهُم أن يَقبَلوا ثَمَرَ حائطِى ويُحَلِّلوا أبي فأبَوا، فلَم يُعطِهِم رسولُ الله -ﷺ- حائطى ولَم يَكسِرْه (^١) لَهُم، ولَكِنْ قال: \"سأغدو عَلَيكَ\". فغَدا عَلَينا حينَ أصبَحَ، فطافَ في النَّخلِ، ودَعا في ثَمَرِها بالبَرَكَةِ. قال: فجَدَدْتُها فقَضيتُهُم حُقوقَهُم، وبَقِيَت (^٢) لَنا مِن ثَمَرِها بَقيّةٌ، فجِئتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- فأخبَرتُه بذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعُمَرَ وهو جالِسٌ: \"اسمَعْ يا عُمَرُ مما يقولُ\". قال عُمَرُ: إلَّا نَكونَ (^٣) قَد عَلِمنا إنَّكَ [رسولُ اللهِ] (^٤) فواللهِ إنَّكَ لَرسولُه (^٥).\n\n١١٤٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه. زادَ في رِوايَتِه: قال: وقالَ\n_________\n(^١) لم يكسره: أي لم يعين ولم يقسم لهم. عمدة القاري ١٣/ ١٦١.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بقى\".\n(^٣) في م: \"يكون\"، ورسمت في الأصل بالياء والنون.\n(^٤) في ز، ص ٦: \"لرسوله\"، وفي ص ٥، م: \"لرسول الله\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٢١٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٠٤٠) من طريق بحر بن نصر به.","vol":"11","page":523},{"text":"لأبِى لُبابَةَ في يَتيمٍ له خاصَمَه في نَخلَةٍ، فقَضَى بها لأبِى لُبابَةَ [فبَكَى الغُلامُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لأبِى لُبابَةَ] (^١): \"أعطِه نَخلَتَكَ\". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ: \"أعطِه إياها، ولَكَ عَذقٌ في الجَنَّةِ\". فقالَ: لا. فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ ابنُ الدَّحداحةِ فقالَ لأبِى لُبابَةَ: أتَبيعُ عَذقَكَ ذَلِكَ بحَديقَتِى هذه؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. ثُمَّ جاءَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: النَّخلَةُ التي سألتَ لِليَتيمِ؛ إنْ أعطَيتُه ألِى بها عَذقٌ في الجَنَّةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم\". ثُمّ قُتِلَ ابنُ الدَّحداحَةِ شَهيدًا يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"رُبَّ عَذقٍ مُذَلَّلٍ لاِبنِ الدَّحداحَه في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ دونَ قصةِ أبي لُبابَةَ (^٣)، وكأنَّ قِصَّةَ أبي لُبابَةَ ذَكَرَها الزُّهرِىُّ مُرسِلًا، فقَد رَواها شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤).\n\n١١٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمد عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّان الغَلَّابِئُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: كان لِرَجُلٍ على رَجُلٍ ألفٌ وخَمسُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فأبَوا أنْ يُعطوه حَتَّى حَطَّ الخَمسَمِائَةِ، فكَتَبَ عَلَيه الكِتابَ وأبرأه، ثُمَّ أخَذَه بالخَمسِمائَةِ، فاختَصَموا إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ لِلشُّهودِ: هَل وضَعَ الخَمسَمِائَةِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في ص ٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المثسكل (٤٠٤١) من طريق يونس بن يزيد به دون الزيادة.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٩٥، ٢٦٠١).\n(^٤) سيأتى تخريجه في (١٢٠٠٧).","vol":"11","page":524},{"text":"في كَفِّه؟ فقالوا: لا. فأمَرَه فرُدَّ عَلَيهِ.\nقال الشيخُ: ونَحنُ أيضًا لا نُجيزُ الحَطَّ إذا كان بشَرطٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2535>بابُ صُلحِ المُعاوَضَةِ، وأنَّه بمَنزِلَةِ البَيعِ؛ يَجوزُ فيه ما يَجوزُ في البَيعِ، ولا يَجوزُ فيِه ما لا يَجوزُ في البَيعِ</span>\n\n١١٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ ابنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الصُلحُ جائزٌ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^١).\n\n١١٤٦٣ - وأخبرَتا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ أو عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ -شَكَّ أبو داودَ- عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه زادَ: \"إلَّا صُلحًا حَرَّمَ حَلالًا أو أحَلَّ حَرامًا\" (^٢).\n\n١١٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ زَبالَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٨٤) عن الخزاعى به. وأبو داود (٣٥٩٤)، وابن حبان (٥٠٩١) من طريق سليمان به. وتقدم في (١١٤٥٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٦٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥٩٤).\n(^٣) في ز: \"ميسرة\".","vol":"11","page":525},{"text":"كَثيرُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النبي -ﷺ- قال: \"الصلحُ جائزٌ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ إلَّا صُلحًا أحَلَّ حَرامًا أو حَرَّمَ حَلالًا\" (^١)\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ الله (^٢)، والاِعتِمادُ على رِوايَتِه؛ فمُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ زَبالَةَ ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ المُزَنِيِّ إذا انضَمَّت إلَى ما قَبلَها قَوِيَتا.\n\n١١٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكَيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيُّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بنُ أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا فقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ -﵁- إلَى أبي موسَى. فذَكَرَه وفيه: والصُّلحُ جائزٌ بَينَ الناسِ إلا صُلحًا أحَلَّ حَرامًا أو حَرَّمَ حَلالًا (^٤).\n\n١١٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالمُخارَجَةِ في الميراثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٥٣)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٢٧، والحاكم ٤/ ١٠١ من طريق كثير به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٥٢)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٢ (٣٠) من طريق أبي عامر به.\n(^٣) هو محمد بن الحسن بن زبالة المخزومى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريح ابن معين - برواية الدرورى ٣/ ٢٢٧، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٢٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٦٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٥٤: كذبوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٥) أخرج أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٢٨ بسنده إلى عطاء عن ابن عباس قال: يتخارج الشريكان وأهل الميراث. ورواه البخاري قبل (٢٢٨٧) معلقًا عن ابن عباس وزاد: فيأخذ هذا عَينًا وهذا =","vol":"11","page":526},{"text":"١١٤٦٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُمَرَ ابنِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبيه قال: صولِحَتِ امرأةُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مِن نَصيبِها رُبُعِ الثُمُنِ على ثَمانينَ ألفًا (^١).\nوهَذا مَحمولٌ على أنها كانَت عارِفَةً بمِقدارِ نَصيبِها.\nوقد رَوَى الشَّعبِيُّ عن شُرَحٍ أنَّه قال: أيُّما امرأةٍ صولِحَت مِن ثُمُنِها ولَم تُخبَرْ بما تَرَكَ زَوجُها فتِلكَ الرِّيبَةُ كُلُّها (^٢).\n\n١١٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِي سالِمٌ أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا كان لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَيه (^٣) الذَّهَبُ أوِ الوَرِقُ خَيَّرَه حينَ يَقضيه: أيُّ الصِّنفَينِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ (^٤)؟ ثُمّ يَقضيه بصَرفِ النّاسِ، أو يَصرِفُ فيُقبِضُه (^٥)، فإِذا قبِلَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ لَم يَرَ به عبدُ اللهِ بأسًا (^٦).\n\n١١٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا\n_________\n= دَينًا ... قال أبو عبيد: إذا كان المتاع بين ورثة لم يقتسموه أو بين شركاء وهو في يد بعضهم دون بعض فلا بأس بأن يتبايعوه وإن لم يعرف كل واحد منهم نصيبه بعينه ولم يقبضه.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٥/ ٣٠٣ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٥٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٢٣) من طريق الشعبيّ به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٥١ من طريق آخر عن شريح.\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"دين\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"إليه\".\n(^٥) في س: \"فيقضيه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٧٠) من طريق أبي اليمان به.","vol":"11","page":527},{"text":"بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ المَروَزِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن إسماعيل بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ مَولَى الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ قال: كان لِي على ابنِ عُمَرَ دَراهِمُ، فأتَيتُه أتَقاضاه فقالَ: إذا خَرَجَ عَطائى قَضَيتُكَ. قال: فخَرَجَ عَطُاؤُه مِائَةَ دينارٍ. قال: فأتَيتُه، فقالَ لِغُلامِه: اذهَبْ بهَذِه الدَّنانيرِ إلَى السّوقِ، فإِذا قامَت على ثَمَنٍ فأعطِها إيّاه بدَراهِمِه، وإِنْ أحَبَّ أن تَبيعَها بالدَّراهِمِ فبِعها وأعطِه دَراهِمَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2536>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّحَلُّلِ وما يَحتَجُّ به مَن أجازَ الصُّلحَ على الإنكارِ</span>\n\n١١٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ، عن (^١) المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن كانَت عِندَه مَظلِمَةٌ لأخيه فليتَحَلَّلْه مِنها؛ فإِنه لَيسَ ثَمَّ دينارٌ ولا دِرهَمٌ، مِن قَبلِ أن يُؤخَذَ لأخيه مِن حَسَناتِه، فإِن لَم تَكُن له حَسَناتٌ أُخِذَت (^٢) مِن سَيِّئاتِ أخيه فطُرِحَت عَلَيه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل، س، ز: \"سعيد\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"أخذ\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٧٤٨٦)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٨٩)، وابن حبان (٧٣٦٢)، والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٣٢٦) من طريق مالك به. وتقدم في (٦٥٨٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٥٣٤).","vol":"11","page":528},{"text":"١١٤٧١ - أخبرَنا على بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رافِعٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- جالِسَةً، فجاءَه رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأنصارِ يَختَصِمانِ في أشياءَ قَد دَرَسَت وبادَت، فقالَ الَّني -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما أقضى بينكما فيما لَم يُنزَلْ عليَّ فيه شَئٌ، فمَن قَضَيتُ له بشَئ بحُجَّةٍ أَراها (^١)، فاقتَطَعَ بها مِن مالِ أخيه ظُلمًا أتَى بها إسطامًا (^٢) في عُنُقِه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فبكَى الرَّجُلانِ وقالَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما: حَقِّى له يا رسولَ اللهِ الَّذِي أطلُبُ. قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِ اذهَبا فاستَهِما وتَواخيا (^٣)، ثُمَّ ليُحَلِّلْ كُل واحِدٍ، مِنكُما صاحِبَه\" (^٤).\n\n١١٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أزهَرَ، عن مُحارِبٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: رُدّوا الخُصومَ حَتَّى يَصطَلِحوا؛ فإِنَّ فصلَ القَضاءِ يُحدِثُ بَينَ القَومِ الضَّغائنَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ضبطها في الأصل بضم الهمزة، وفي حاشيته بفتحها.\n(^٢) الإسطام: الحديدة التي تحرك بها النار وتسعر. قال الأزهرى: لا أدرى أهى عربية أم أعجمية عربت. تهذيب اللغة ١٢/ ٢٤٥. وينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٦.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل، م: \"وتوخيا\". ومعنى توخيا: أي تحريا بالحق واقصداه دون غيره. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٤، ٣٥٨٥) من طريق أسامة به. وعندهما: \"وتوخيا الحق\". وسيأتى كذلك في (٢١٢٨٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٢٧) عن مسعر به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٣٠٤) من طريق محارب به.","vol":"11","page":529},{"text":"١١٤٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مُعَرِّفُ (^١) بنُ واصِلٍ، حدثنا مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: رُدّوا الخُصومَ لَعَلَّهُم أن يَصطَلِحوا؛ فإِنَّه أبرأُ لِلصِّدقِ وأقَلُّ لِلحِناتِ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٧٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ الجَزَرِيِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: رُدّوا الخُصومَ إذا كان بَينَهُم قَرابَةٌ؛ فإِنَّ فصلَ القَضاءِ يورِثُ بَينَهُمُ الشَّنَآنَ (^٣). هذه الرِّواياتُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعَةٌ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2537>بابُ نَصبِ المِيزابِ (^٤) وإشراعِ الجَناحِ</span>\n\n١١٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- خَرَجَ في يَومِ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٦: \"معروف\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. قال النووى: معرف بن واصل هو بكسر الراء على المشهور، وقيل بفتحها. حكاه صاحب المشارق والمطالع، ويقال فيه: معروف. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ١٦٨. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٢) الحنات: جمع حِنة وهي العداوة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٣.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريح المدينة ٢/ ٧٦٩ من طريق معرف بن واصل به.\n(^٣) ينظر تخريج الأثرين السابقين.\n(^٤) الميزاب والمئزاب: أنبوبة من الحديد ونحوه، تركب في جانب البيت من أعلاه لينصرف منها ماء المطر المتجمع. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ١٥ (أ ز ب).","vol":"11","page":530},{"text":"جُمُعَةٍ، فقَطَرَ مِيزابٌ عَلَيه لِلعباسِ، فأمَرَ به فقُلِعَ، فقالَ العباسُ: قَلَعتَ ميزابِى، واللهِ ما وضعَه حَيثُ كان إلَّا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدِه. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: واللهِ لا يَضعُه إلَّا أنتَ بيَدِكَ، ثُمَّ لا يَكونُ لَكَ سُلَّمٌ إلَّا عُمَرُ. قال: فوَضَعَ العباسُ رِجلَيه على عاتِقَى عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ أعادَه حَيثُ كانَ (^١). وقَد روِىَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينَ عن عُمَرَ وعباسٍ -﵄-:\n\n١١٤٧٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ التَّميمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيرٍ عيسَى بن محمدٍ ابنُ النَّحاسِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شُعَيب الخُراسانِيُّ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ لَمّا أرادَ أن يَزيدَ في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقَعَت زيادَتُه على دارِ العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فذَكَرَ قصَّةً وذَكَرَ فيها قِصَّةَ المِيزابِ بمَعناه (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلِمَ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن عُمَرَ بمعناه (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينةَ عن أبي هارونَ المَدَنِيِّ مُنقَطِعًا مُختَصرًا ببَعضِ مَعناه.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥١١. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٤/ ٢٠ عن عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٣٢. وسيأتى في (١٢٠٦٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٣٣١ من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"11","page":531},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2538>بابُ الرَّجُلَيِن يَتَداعَيانِ جِدارًا بَينَ دارَيهِما</span>\n\n١١٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في مَتاعٍ لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فقالَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"استَهِما على اليَمينِ\" ما كان. أحَبّا ذلِكَ أو كرِها (^١).\n\n١١٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنُ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي موسَى قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى رسولِ الله -ﷺ- في شَيءٍ لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فقَضَى به رسولُ الله -ﷺ- بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ عامِرٍ عن. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فجَعَلَه بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٦) عن محمد بن المنهال به. وأحمد (١٠٣٤٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٩٩، ٦٠٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢٩، ٢٣٤٦)، من طرق عن سعيد به. وسيأتى في (٢١٢٥٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٨٣٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٣٨٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٣، ٣٦١٤)، والنسائي (٥٤٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٠) من طرق عن سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وسيأتى في (٢١٢٥٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٧٦، ٧٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٧٥٢) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.","vol":"11","page":532},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2539>بابُ مَنِ استَعمَلَ الدَّلالَةَ فقالَ: هو لِلَّذِى إلَيه الدَّواخِلُ ومَعاقِدُ القُمُطِ </span>(^١)\n\n١١٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَهلٍ الدِّمياطيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي الجَونِ العَنْسِيُّ، حدثنا دَهثَمُ بنُ قُرّانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: اختَصمَ قَومٌ في حَظائرَ بَينَهُم، فبَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقَضَيتُ لِلَّذِى وجَدتُ مَعاقِدَ القُمُطِ تَليه، فأتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ: \"أصَبتَ\". تَفَرَّدَ بهَذا الحديثِ دَهثَمُ بنُ قُرّانَ اليَمامِيُّ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، واختَلَفوا عَلَيه في إسنادِه، فرُوِى هَكَذا، ورُوِىَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ:\n\n١١٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) القُمُط: جمع قِماط وهى الشُرُط التى يشد بها الخُص ويوثق من ليف أو خوص أو غيرهما، والخص: البيت الذي يعمل من القصب. النهاية ٤/ ١٠٨، ١٠٩.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ ابن معين- برواية الدورى ٣/ ٤٤٨، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٤٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤٩٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٣٦: متروك.","vol":"11","page":533},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا دَهثَمُ بنُ قُرّانَ، حدثنا عَقِيلُ بنُ دينارٍ مَولَى جاريَةَ بنِ ظَفَرٍ، عن جاريَةَ بنِ ظَفَرٍ أن دارًا كانَت بَينَ أخَوَينِ فحَظَرا في وسَطِها حَظارًا (^١)، ثُمَّ هَلَكا وتَرَكَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما عَقِبًا، فادَّعَى عَقِبُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما أن الحِظارَ له مِن دونِ صاحِبِه، فاختَصَمَ عَقِباهُما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فأرسَلَ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ، فَقَضى (^٢) بَينَهُما، فقضَى بالحِظارِ لِمَن وَجَدَ مَعاقِدَ القُمُطِ تَليه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأخبَرَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أصَبتَ\". قال دهثَمٌ: أو قال: \"أحسَنتَ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ.\n\n١١٤٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ آدَمَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سلَمةُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الكوفِيُّ، عن دَهثَمِ بنِ قُرّانَ، عن نِمرانَ بنِ جاريَةَ (^٤) بنِ ظَفَرٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ قَومٌ يَختَصِمونَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في خُصٍّ، فبَعَثَ مَعَهُم حُذَيفَةَ، فقَضَى بالخُصِّ لِمَن تَليه القُمُطُ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أحسَنتَ\" (^٥). وهكذا رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ عن دَهثَمٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحظار: كل شيء مانع بين شيئين. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٩٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يقضى\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٢٩. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٢٠٨٨) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٤) في ز: \"حارثة\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ١.\n(^٥) الكامل لابن على ٣/ ٩٧٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٤٣) من طربق أبي بكر ابن عياش به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٢٣): هذا إسناد فيه مقال؛ نمران بن جارية ذكره ابن حبان في الثقات، وقال ابن القطان: حاله مجهول. قال=","vol":"11","page":534},{"text":"فهَذِه ثَلاثَةُ أوجُهٍ مِنَ الاِختِلافِ على دَهثَمِ بنِ قُرّانَ في إسنادِهِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: دَهثَمُ بنُ قُرّانَ ضعيفٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد عَدَّه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ عنه مِمَّن لا \"نكتَبُ حَديثُه مِن أهلِ اليَمامَةِ (^٢)، وضَغَفَه أيضًا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وقالَ: لا يُكتَبُ حَديثُه (^٢).\n\n١١٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ النَجّارِ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أسباطٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، أن قَومًا اختَصَموا في خُصٍّ لَهُم إلَى علىٍّ، فقَضَى بَينَهُم أن يُنظَرَ أيّهُم كان أقرَبَ مِنَ القِماطِ فهو أحَقّ بهِ. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رَواه الوَليدُ بنُ أبي ثَورٍ عن سِماكٍ عن حَنَشٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁-، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣)، فاللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n= السندى: قلت: دهثم بن قران تركوه. وشذ ابن حبان في ذكره في الثقات.\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٢) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤٩٧.\n(^٣) الوليد بن عبد الله بن أبي ثور، وقد ينسب إلى جده. ينظر الكلام عليه في تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٤٤٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٣٢، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٣٣: ضعيف.","vol":"11","page":535},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2540>بابُ ارتِفاقِ الرَّجُلِ بجِدارِ غَيِره بوَضعِ الجُذوعِ عَلَيه [بأمرِه وغيِر أمرِه]</span> (^١)\n\n١١٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَمنَعْ أحَدُكُم جارَه أن يَغرِزَ خَشَبَةً في جِدارِه\". ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: ما لِي أراكُم عَنها مُعرِضينَ؟ واللهِ لأرميَنَّها بَينَ أكتافِكُم (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٤٨٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ هُرمُزَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدُكُم جارَه\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ز، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \" بأجرة وغير أجرة\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وحاشية ز، س.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٦١، ٣٧٦٥)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٠، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٥١٥). وسيأتى في (١٢٠٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٦٣)، ومسلم (١٦٠٩/ ١٣٦). وسيأتى في (١٢٠٠١، ١٢٠٠٢).","vol":"11","page":536},{"text":"أن يَضَعَ خَشَبَةً على جِدارِه\". ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: ما لِى أراكُم مُعرِضينَ؟ واللَّهِ لأرميَنَّ بها بَينَ أكتافِكُم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١١٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا استأذَنَ أحَدُكُم جارَه أن يَغرِزَ خَشَبَتَه في جِدارِه فلا يَمنَعْه\". فلَمّا حَدَّثَهُم طأطَئوا رُءوسَهُم، فقالَ: ما لِي أجِدُكُم مُعرِضينَ؟ واللَّهِ لأرميَنَّ بها بَينَ أكتافِكُم (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١١٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن صالِحِ ابنِ كَيسانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٠٢) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٠٩ /عقب ١٣٦).\n(^٣) الحميدى (١٠٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٦٣٤)، والترمذي (١٣٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٠٩/ عقب ١٣٦).","vol":"11","page":537},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدُكُم جارَه مَوضِعَ خَشَبَةٍ أن يَجعَلَها في جِدارِه\". ثُمّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: ما لِي أراكُم عَنها مُعرِضينَ؟ واللهِ لأرميَنَّ بها بَينَ أظهُرِكُم (^١). إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١١٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ جَنادٍ (^٣)، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُشرَبَ مِن فِى السِّقاءِ، وأن يَمنَعَ أحَدُكُم جارَه أن يَضَعَ خشبتَه (^٤) على حائطِهِ (^٥).\n\n١١٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ لِلجارِ أن يَمنَعَ جارَه أن يَضَعَ أعوادَه في حائطِه\" (^٦). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ عن أيّوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٨١ (١١٥٦ - مسند ابن عباس) عن الربيع بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) في س: \"العدل المقرئ\".\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"حيان\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، ونسخة من م. وينظر تاريخ الإسلام ٢٠/ ٤٢٧.\n(^٤) في س، ز، ص ٦:\"خشبة\"، وفى ص ٥، م: \"خشبه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارمى (٢١٦٤) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به مقتصرًا على أوله.\n(^٦) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٤/ ٣٢٥ من طريق عبد الوارث به. وأحمد (٧١٥٤) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"11","page":538},{"text":"بمَعناه (^١)، ومِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ أخرَجَه البخارىُّ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرِّيتِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٣)، وفِى رِوايَةِ الزُّبَيرِ: \"إنَ شاءَ وإِن أبَى\".\nوخالَفَهُم سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ وجابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ فرَوَياه عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١١٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا شَريكٌ، حدثنا سِماكٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا سألَ أحَدَكُم جارُه أن يَدعَمَ جُذوعَه على حائطِه فلا يَمنَعْه\" (^٤).\n\n١١٤٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا اختَلَفتُم في الطَّريقِ فاجعَلوه سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ، ومَن بَنَى بناءً فليَدعَمْه بحائطِ جارِهِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدى (١٠٧٧)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٧٦ (١١٤٦ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٨٣٣٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٦٢٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٧٣). وسيأتى في (١١٩٨١). وليس عند البخارى موضع الشاهد.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٧، ٢٩١٤) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٨)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٧٢ (٣٤ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتى في (١١٩٨٤).","vol":"11","page":539},{"text":"١١٤٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدُكُم جارَه أن يَضَعَ خَشَبَتَه على حائطِه، وإِذا اختَلَفتُم في الطَّريقِ المِيتاءِ (^١) فاجعَلوها سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ\" (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن أبي الأسوَدِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في المِرفَقِ (^٣).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ فيهِما (^٤). ورِوايَةُ أيّوبَ وخالِدٍ والزُّبَيرِ أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس: س، ص ٥.\nوالميتاء: الطريق العامر المسلوك. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢٠٤. وبوب البخارى فقال: باب إذا اختلفوا في الطريق الميتاء وهى الرحبة تكون بين الطريق، ثم يريد أهلها البنيان، فترك منها الطريق سبعة أذرع.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٦٥) عن عبد الرزاق به بلفظ مقارب. وسيأتى في (١١٩٨٤).\n(^٣) مرفق الدار: كالمطبخ والكنيف ونحوه، وهو بكسر الميم وفتح الفاء -لا غير- على التشبيه باسم الآلة. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٨٩ (ر ف ق).\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨١٩): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ لضعف ابن لهيعة، لكن لم ينفرد به ابن لهيعة.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٧٧ (١١٤٩ - مسند ابن عباس)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٢٨ من طريق إبراهيم به. وليس عندهما ذكر المرفق.","vol":"11","page":540},{"text":"دينارٍ، أن هِشامَ بنَ يَحيَى أخبَرَه أن عِكرِمَةَ بنَ سلمةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ أخبَرَه أن أخَوَينِ مِن بَنِى المُغيرَةِ لَقِيا مُجَمِّعَ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنضارِيَّ قال: إنِّى أشهَدُ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ ألا يَمنَعَ جارٌ جارًا (^١) يَغرِزُ خَشَبًا في جِدارِهِ. فقالَ الحالِفُ: أىْ أخِى، قَد عَلِمتُ أنَّكَ مَقضيٌّ لَكَ عليَّ، وقَد حَلَفتُ، فاجعَلْ أُسطُوانًا (^٢) دونَ جُدُرِى. ففَعَلَ الآخَرُ فغَرَزَ في الأُسطُوانَةِ خَشَبَه. فقالَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قال عمرٌو: أنا نَظَرتُ إلَى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه العباسُ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بمَعناه أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وهو مَنقولٌ في آخِر كِتابِ إحياءِ المَواتِ (^٤).\n\n١١٤٩٤ - وأخبَرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إجازَةً أن أبا الحَسَنِ أَبنَ صُبَيحٍ أخبَرَهُم، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبواهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ المَكِّيُّ، عن عمرِو ابنِ دينارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ قال: أرادَ رَجُلٌ بالمَدينَةِ أن يَضَعَ خَشَبَتَه (^٥) على جِدارِ صاحِبِه بغَيرِ إذنِه فمَنَعَه، فإِذا مَن شِئتَ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُحَدِّثونَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه نَهاه أن يَمنَعَه، فجُبِرَ على ذَلِكَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) الأسطوان جمع الأسطوانهَ: وهى السوارى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٤٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٣٨) عن مكى بن إبراهيم به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى في (١٢٠٠٣).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٢٠٠٣).\n(^٥) في س، ص: \"خشبة\".\n(^٦) عزاه في فتح الباري ٥/ ١١١ إلى إسحاق في مسنده.","vol":"11","page":541},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2541>بابُ لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ</span>\n\n١١٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّأىِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لاضرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ (^١)، مَن ضارَّ (^٢) ضَرَّه اللهُ، ومَن شاقَّ شَقَّ اللهُ عَلَيه\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عثمانُ بنُ محمدٍ عن الدَّراوَردَيِّ.\n\n١١٤٩٦ - ورَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا ضَرَر ولا ضِرارَ\". مُرسَلًا. أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا [ابنُ بُكَيرٍ] (^٤)، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١١٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، ز: \"إضرار\".\n(^٢) في س، ز: \"ضر\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٧، ٥٨، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٧٧ من طريق الدورى به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ١٨٣ من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أبو بكر\".\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٧٤٥، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٠، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٦٤). وسيأتى في (١٢٠٠٠، ٢٠٤٧٤).","vol":"11","page":542},{"text":"أبو الأحْرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ حَبّانَ، عن لُؤلُؤَةَ، عن أبي صِرْمَةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن ضارَّ (^١) ضارَّ اللَّهُ به، ومَن شَقَّ شَقَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٥٥)، وأبو داود (٣٦٣٥)، والترمذي (١٩٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.","vol":"11","page":543},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2542>كتابُ الحَوالةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2543>بابٌ: مَن أُحيلَ على مَلِيٍّ فلْيَتْبَعْ ولا يَرجِعْ على المُحِيلِ</span>\n\n١١٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشِّيرازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَطْلُ الغَنِيِّ ظُلمٌ، وِإذا أُتْبعَ أحَدُكُم على مَلِيٍّ فَلْيتْبَعْ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١١٤٩٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ الأخرَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا به أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِنَ الظُّلمِ مَطلَ الغَنِيِّ، وإِذا أُتبعَ أحَدُكُم على مَلِيٍّ فلْيَتْبَعْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٦٧٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٩٣٨)، وأبو داود (٣٣٤٥)، والنسائى (٤٧٠٥)، وابن حبان (٥٠٥٣). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٣٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٣) من طريق أبي الزناد به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٨٧)، ومسلم (١٥٦٤/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٣٩١).","vol":"11","page":545},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^١).\n\n١١٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الضَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَطْلُ الغَنِيِّ ظُلمٌ، وإذا أُحيلَ أحَدُكُم على مَلِيٍّ فلْيَحْتَلْ\" (^٢). ورَواه محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ الدُّولابِيُّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي الزِّنادِ باللَّفظِ الَّذِى رَواه مالكٌ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ السَّامِرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ العَبْدِيُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبوْ مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضْرُويُّ الهَرَويُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَطلُ الغَنِيِّ ظُلمٌ، وإذا أُحِلْتَ (^٤) على مَلِيٍّ فاتبَعْه، ولا تَبع بَيعَتَينِ في بَيعَةٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٦٤/ عقب ٣٣)، والبخار (٢٤٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٧٣) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه في المدونة ٥/ ٢٨٨ من طريق مالك وابن أبي الزناد به بلفظ مالك.\n(^٤) في س، ز، وحاشية الأصل: \"احتلت\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٩٥)، والترمذي (١٣٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٤) من طريق هشيم به بنحوه. وعند ابن ماجه بدون قوله: ولا تبع بيعتين في بيعة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٩٤٨).","vol":"11","page":546},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2544>بابُ مَن قال: يَرجِعُ على المُحِيلِ لا تَوًى (^١) على مالٍ مُسلِمٍ</span>\n\n١١٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ القُهُسْتانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى خُلَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إياسٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ قال: لَيسَ على [مالِ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ] (^٢) تَوًى. يَعنِى حَوالَةً (^٣).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ مُطلَقًا لَيسَ فيه: يَعنِى حَوالَةً.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ المُزَنِىِّ (^٤) في الجامِعِ الكَبيرِ: احتَجَّ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بأن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ قال في الحَوالَةِ أو الكَفالَةِ: يَرجِعُ صاحِبُها، لا تَوًى على مالِ مُسلِمٍ. فسألتُه عن هذا الحديثِ، فزَعَمَ أنَّه عن رَجُلٍ مَجهولٍ عن رَجُلٍ مَعروفٍ مُنقَطِع، عن عثمانَ، فهو في أصلِ قَولِه يَبطُلُ مِن وجهَينِ، ولَو كان ثابِتًا عن عثمانَ لَم يَكُنْ فيه حُجَّةٌ؛ لأنَّه لا يُدرَى أقالَ ذَلِكَ في الحَوالَةِ أو الكَفالَةِ.\n[قال الشيخ: الرَّجُلُ] (^٥) المَجهولُ في هذه الحِكايَةِ خُلَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، وخُلَيدٌ\n_________\n(^١) التوى: هلاك المال. التاج ٣٧/ ٢٥٨ (ت وى).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مال مسلم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٩٥) من طريق شعبة بنحوه. وأحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٢١٥٤) من طريق خليد بنحوه.\n(^٤) مختصر المزني ص ١٠٧، وينظر الأم ٣/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قلت: أما المراد بالرجل\".","vol":"11","page":547},{"text":"بَصرِيٌّ لَم يَحتَجَّ به محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ في كِتابِ \"الصحيح\"، وأخرَجَ مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ حَديثَه الَّذِى يَرويه مَعَ المُستَمِرِّ بنِ الرَّيّانِ عن أبي نَضرَةَ عن أبي سعيدٍ في المِسكِ وغَيرِه (^١). وكانَ شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ إذا رَوَى عنه أثنَى عَلَيه، واللهُ أعلمُ. والمُرادُ بالرَّجُلِ المَعروفِ أبو إياسٍ مُعاويَةُ بنُ قُرَّةَ المُزَنيُّ، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ كما قال؛ فأبو إياسٍ مِنَ الطبَقَةِ الثّالِثَةِ مِن تابِعِى أهلِ البَصرَةِ، فهو لَم يُدرِكْ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ، ولا كان في زَمانِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٥٢/ ١٩).","vol":"11","page":548},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2545>كتابُ الضْمان</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2546>بابُ وُجوبِ الحَقِّ بالضَّمانِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿قَالُوا نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ (٧٢)﴾ [يوسف: ٧٢]. وقالَ: ﴿سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ بِذَلِكَ زَعِيمٌ (٤٠)﴾ [القلم: ٤٠].\n\n١١٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^١) ابنُ عمدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن شُرَحبيلِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الزَّعيمُ غارِمٌ\" (^٢). قال المُزَنِىُّ (^٣): والزَّعيمُ في اللُّغَةِ هو الكَفيلُ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد روِّيناه عن قَتادَةَ عن السُّدِّيِّ.\n\n١١٥٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو هانِئٍ الخَولانِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ فَضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أنا زَعيمٌ -والزَّعيمُ الحَميلُ- لِمَن آمَنَ بى وأسلَمَ\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"الحسين\"، وبعده في س: \"على بن أحمد\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: على بن أحمد بن عبدان\".\n(^٢) عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٢٢٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٩٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦٥)، والترمذى (١٢٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٥) من طريق إسماعيل مطولًا ومختصرًا. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤٤).\n(^٣) مختصر المزني ص ١٠٨.","vol":"11","page":549},{"text":"وهاجَرَ ببَيتٍ في رَبَضِ الجَنَّةِ (^١) \".\n\n١١٥٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ (^٢)، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو هانِئٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ الجَنبِىِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ فَضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أنا زَعيمٌ -والزَّعيمُ الحَميلُ- لِمَن آمَنَ بى وأسلَمَ وجاهَدَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ببَيتٍ في رَبَضِ الجَنَّةِ وببَيتٍ في وسَطِ الجَنَّةِ، وأنا زَعيمٌ لِمَن آمَنَ بى وأسلَمَ وهاجَرَ ببَيتٍ في رَبَضِ الجَنَّةِ وبِبَيتٍ في وسَطِ الجَنَّةِ وبِبَيتٍ في أعلَى غُرَفِ الجَنَّةِ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فلَم يَدَعْ لِلخَيرِ مَطلَبًا ولا مِنَ الشَّرِّ مَهرَبًا يَموتُ حَيثُ يَشاءُ أن يَموتَ\" (^٣). وذَكَرَ المُزَنِيُّ ههنا حَديثَ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ في الضمانِ (^٤). وإِسنادُ حَديثِ أبي سعيدٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n\n١١٥٠٦ - فالأولَى بنا أن نُقَدِّمَ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: أُتِيَ\n_________\n(^١) ربض الجنة: هو بفتح الباء: ما حولها خارجًا عنها، تشبيهًا بالأبنية التى تكون حول المدن وتحت القلاع. النهاية ٢/ ١٨٥.\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ٢/ ٦٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وينظر ما بعده.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"ثنا إبراهيم\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٦٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٧١، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى (٣١٣٣)، وابن حبان (٤٦١٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مختصر المزني ص ١٠٨.\n(^٥) سيأتى في (١١٥٠٩).","vol":"11","page":550},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بجِنازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ ليُصَلِّىَ عَلَيها فقالَ: \"هَل عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". فقالوا: لا قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ شَيئًا؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم فصَلَّى عَلَيه، وأُتِىَ بجِنازَةٍ فقالَ: \"هَل عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ شَيئًا؟ \". قالوا (^١): لا. قال: \"صَلُّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". قال أبو قَتادَةَ: هو عليِّ يا رسولَ اللهِ، فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ ومحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أحْبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطَّانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الأكوَعِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأُتِيَ بجِنازَةٍ فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ عليه (^٤) مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. فصَلَّى عَلَيها، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بجِنازَةٍ أُخرَى فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ عَلَيه مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ \". قالوا: ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ. قال: \"ثَلاثُ كيّاتٍ\". قال: ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بالثّالِثِ فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ عَلَيه مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"فهَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"صَلّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو قَتادَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"نعم. فصلى عليه وأتى بجنازة فقال: هل عليه دين؟ قالوا: نعم. قال: هل ترك شيئًا؟ قالوا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٧٥)، وفيه: فقال رجل وهو على. بدلًا من: قال أبو قتادة. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥١٠) من طريق يزيد بن أبي عبيد وفيه زيادة.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٨٩).\n(^٤) ليست في: ص ٥، م.","vol":"11","page":551},{"text":"صَلِّ عَلَيه وعَلَيَّ دَينُه. قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه (^١). هَكَذا في رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ مَكَىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ في الجِنازَةِ الأُخرَى قالوا: ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ. فصَلَّى عَلَيها.\n\n١١٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزَّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يُصَلِّى على أحَدٍ عَلَيه دَينٌ، فأُتِيَ بمَيْتٍ فقالَ: \"هَل عَلَيه دَين؟ \". قالوا (^٢): نَعَم يا رسولَ اللهِ، دينارانِ. قال: \"صَلّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". قال أبو قَتادَةَ: هُما عليَّ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فصَلَّى عَلَيه، فلَمّا فتَحَ اللهُ على رسولِه -ﷺ- قال: \"أنا أولَى بكُلِّ مُؤمِنٍ مِن نَفسِه، فمَن تَرَكَ دَينًا فعَلَيَّ، ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٥٠٩ - وأمّا حَديثُ أبي سعيدٍ فأخبرَناه أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ العباسِ الجَوهَرِيُّ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ الوَصَّافِيُّ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ سَعدٍ العَوفِيِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: أُتِيَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٢٧)، والنسائى (١٩٦٠)، وابن حبان (٣٢٦٤) من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"قال\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٥٧)، وعنه أحمد (١٤١٥٩)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٩٥٦)، وعنده بالشطر الأخير.\nوأخرجه النسائى (١٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وصححه الألبانى في صحح أبي داود (٢٥٦٣).","vol":"11","page":552},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بجِنازَةٍ لَيُصَلِّى عَلَيها، فتَقَدَّمَ لَيُصلِّىَ فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: \"هَل على صاحِبِكُم دَينٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ له مِن وفاء؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"صَلُّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". قال عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ: عليَّ دَينُه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فتَقَدَّمَ فصَلّى عَلَيه وقالَ: \"جَزاكَ اللَّهُ يا عليُّ خَيرًا، كما فكَكتَ رِهانَ أخيكَ، ما مِن مُسلِمٍ فكَّ رِهانَ أخيه إلَّا فكَّ اللَّهُ رِهانَه يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\nورَواه عبدَةُ بنُ عبد الله الصَّفّارُ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وفيه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بَرِئَ مِن دَينِه وأنا ضامِنٌ لِما عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nوَرَواه زافِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الوَصَّافِىِّ فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أنا ضامِنٌ لِدَينِهِ (^٣). والحَديثُ يَدورُ على عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الوَصّافِىِّ وهو ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا (^٤).\nوقَد رُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n١١٥١٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ العَلاءِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمدانِىِّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢١٥٥) من طريق ابن يوسف به، وفيه: محمد بن عبد الله بن يوسف. وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٠/ ١٣٨ من طريق الوصافى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٧٨ من طريق عبدة بن عبد الله الصفار به. وعبد بن حميد (٨٩١) عن أبي نعيم به. وقال البوصيرى في الإتحاف ٣/ ٢٤٥: رواه عبد بن حميد بسند ضعيف لضعف عطية العوفى.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٧٨، وأبو نعيم في أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٢٩٠ من طريق زافر بن سليمان به.\n(^٤) عبيد الله بن الوليد الوصافى أبو إسماعيل الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٣٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ٦٣، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٧٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٤٠: ضعيف.","vol":"11","page":553},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا أُتِيَ بجِنازَةٍ لَم يَسألْ عن شَيءٍ مِن عَمَلِ الرَّجُلِ إلا أن يَسألَ عن دَينِه، فإِن قيلَ: عَلَيه دَينٌ، كَفَّ عن الصَّلاةِ عَلَيه، وإِن قيلَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه دَينٌ، صَلَّى عَلَيه، فأُتِيّ بجِنازَةٍ فلَمّا قامَ سألَ أصحابَه: \"هَل على [صاحِبِكُم مِن دَينٍ] (^١)؟ \". قالوا: عَلَيه دينارانِ دَينٌ، فعَدَلَ عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"صلّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". فقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ هُما عليَّ بَرِئَ مِنهُما. فتَقَدَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصَلَّى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا علىُّ جَزاكَ اللهُ خَيرًا، فكَّ اللهُ رِهانَكَ كما فكَكتَ رِهانَ أخيكَ، إنَّه لَيسَ مِن مَيِّتٍ يَموتُ وعَلَيه دَينٌ إلَّا وهو مُرتَهَنٌ بدَينه، فمَن فكَّ رِهانَ مَيِّتٍ فكَّ اللَّهُ رِهانَه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقالَ بَعضُهُم: هذا لِعَلِىٍّ خاصَّةً أم لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً؟ فقالَ: \"لا، بَل لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً\" (^٢). عَطاءُ بنُ عَجلانَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، والرواياتُ في تَحَمُّلِ أبي قَتادَةَ دَينَ المَيِّتِ أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوأمّا حَديثُ الحَمالَةِ التى احتَجَّ بها المُزَنِيُّ:\n\n١١٥١١ - فأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَحتَرِيِّ (^٤)، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هارونَ بنِ رِئابٍ، عن كِنانَةَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ المُخارِقِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أسألُه في حَمالَةٍ فقالَ: \"إن المَسألَةَ حُرِّمَت إلَّا في ثَلاثٍ: رَجُلٌ تَحَمَّلَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صاحبكم دين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٦ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه في (١٥٤٤).\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"البحترى\".","vol":"11","page":554},{"text":"بحَمالَة حَلَّت له المَسألَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدّيَها ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُلٌ أصابَته جائحَةٌ فاجتاحَت مالَه، حَلَّت له المَسألَةُ حَتَّى يُصيبَ قِوامًا مِن عَيشٍ أو سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ (^١)، ورَجُلٌ أصابَته حاجَةٌ أو فاقَةٌ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ ثَلاثَةٌ مِن ذَوى الحِلمِ مِن قَومِه، فقَد حَلَّت له المَسألَةُ، وما سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَسألَةِ فهو سُحتٌ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح \" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن هارونَ ابنِ رِئابٍ (^٣).\nبابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن الضَّمانَ لا يَنقُلُ الحَقَّ بَل يَزيدُ في مَحِلِّ الحَقِّ، فيَكونُ لِرَبِّ المالِ أن يأخُدَهُما وكُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما\n\n١١٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ قال: قال جابِرٌ: توُفِّىَ رَجُلٌ فغَسَّلناه وكَفَّنّاه، ثُمَّ أتَينا به النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- لَيُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه فتَخَطَّى خُطًى تمَّ قال: \"عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَمَ دينارانِ. قال: فانصَرَفَ، فتَحَمَّلَهُما أبو قَتادَةَ، فأتَيناه فقالَ أبو قَتادَةَ: الدّينارانِ عليَّ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"حَقُّ الغَريمِ، وبَرِئَ مِنهُما المَيِّتُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: فصلَّى عَلَيه، فقالَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ بيَومٍ: \"ما فعَلَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ليمسك\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٠٦)، وجزء سعدان (١١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٦٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٥) من طريق سفيان بنحوه. والنسائى في الكبرى (٢٣٧٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٥٩، ٢٣٦٠) من طرق عن هارون بن رئاب بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٤٤/ ١٠٩). وسيأتى في (١٣٣٢٣، ١٣٣٣٢).","vol":"11","page":555},{"text":"الدّينارانِ؟ \". فقالَ: إنَّما ماتَ أمسِ. فعادَ عَلَيه كالغَدِ فقالَ: قَد قَضَيتُهُما. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الآنَ بَرَّدتَ عَلَيه جِلدَه\" (^١). فأخبَرَ -ﷺ- هذه الروايَةِ أنَّه بالقَضاءِ بَرَّدَ عَلَيه جِلدَه، وقَولُه: \"حَقُّ الغَريمِ، وبَرِئَ مِنهُما المَيِّتُ\". إن كان حَفِظَه ابنُ عَقيلٍ فإِنَّما عَنَى به -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- لِلغَريمِ مُطالَبَتُكَ بهِما وحدَكَ إن شاءَ كما لَو كان له عَلَيكَ حَقٌّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ، والمَيِّتُ مِنه بَرِئُ كان له مُطالَبَتُكَ به وحدَكَ إن شاءَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ مَسلَمَةَ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو ابنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا لَزِمَ غَريمًا له بعَشَرَةِ دَنانيرَ فقالَ له: واللهِ ما عِندِى قَضاءٌ أقضيكَه اليَومَ. قال: فواللهِ لا أُفارِقُكَ حَتَّى تُعطيَنِى أو تأتِي بحَميلٍ يَتَحَمَّلُ عَنكَ. قال: واللهِ ما عِندِى قَضاءٌ وما أجِدُ مَن يَتَحَمَّلُ عَنِّى. فجَرَّه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ هذا لَزِمَنِى واستَنظَرتُه (^٢) شَهرًا واحِدًا فأبَى حَتَّى أقضيَه أو آتيَه بحَميلٍ، فقُلتُ: واللهِ ما أجِدُ حَميلًا ولا عِندِى قَضاءٌ اليَومَ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل تَستَنظِره (^٣) إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٣٦) من طريق زائدة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٣٩: وإسناده حسن.\n(^٢) في ز: \"واستظهرته\".\n(^٣) في ز: \"تستظهره\".","vol":"11","page":556},{"text":"شَهرًا واحِدًا؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فأنا أتَحَمَّلُ بها عنكَ\". فتَحَمَّلَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فأتاه بقَدرِ ما وعَدَه، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مِن أينَ جِئتَ بهَذا الذَّهَبِ؟ \". قال: مِن مَعدِنٍ، قال: \"اذهَبْ فلا حاجَةَ لَنا فيها، ليسَ فيها خَيرٌ\". قال: فقَضاها عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). وفِى هذا كالدِّلالَةِ على أن الحَقَّ بَقِىَ في ذِمَّتِه بعدَ التَّحَمُّلِ حَتَّى أكَّدَ عَلَيه مِقدارَ الاستِنظارِ، ثُمَّ إنَّه -ﷺ- تَطَوَّعَ بالقَضاءِ عنه وتَنَزَّهَ عن التَّصرُّفِ في مالِ المَعدِنِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بدَينِه حَتَّى يُقضَى عنه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2547>باب رُجوعِ الضَّامِنِ على المَضمونِ عنه بما غَرِمَ وضَمِنَ بأمرِهِ</span>\n\n١١٥١٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو عِمرانَ الجَبُّلِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى القَزّازُ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إياسٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: أتانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو يوعَكُ وَعْكًا شَديدًا قَد عَصَّبَ رأسَه فقالَ: \"خُذ بيَدِى يا فضلُ\". فأخَذتُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٩، ٣٠، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٢٨) عن القعنبيّ به مختصرًا.\nوابن ماجه (٢٤٠٦) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧١٨٠، ١١٣٧٦)، وسيأتى في (١١٥٢١، ١١٥٢٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"الحبلى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٢٠.","vol":"11","page":557},{"text":"بيَدِه حَتَّى قَعَدَ على المِنبَرِ، ثُمَّ قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: \"مَن قَد كُنتُ أخَذتُ له مالًا فهَذا مالِى فليأخُذْ مِنه\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ لِى عِندَكَ ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ. فقالَ: \"أمَّا أنا فلا أُكَذِّبُ (^١) قائلًا، ولا أستَحِلفُ (^٢) على يَمينٍ. فيمَ كانَت لَكَ عِندِى؟ \". قال: أما تَذكُرُ أنَّه مَرَّ بكَ سائلٌ فأمَرتَنِى فأعطَيتُه ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ! قال: \"أعطِه يا فضلُ \" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2548>بابُ الضَّمانِ عن المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١١٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ ويوسُفُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ هو ابنُ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ هو ابنُ الأكوَعِ قال: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بجِنازَةٍ فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ الله صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بجِنازَةٍ فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم أو قالوا: لا. قال: \"فهَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئ؟ \". قالوا: ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ. قال: \"ثَلاثُ كَيّات\". قال: هَكَذا بيَدِه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بجِنازَةٍ أُخرَى فقيلَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّه صَلِّ عَلَيها. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن دَينٍ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"هَل تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦، ز: \"تكذب\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٦، ز: \"نستحلف\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٧٩، ١٨٠ مطولا. وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ٢٨٠ (٧١٨) من طريق معن بن عيسى مطولا. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٢٦: وفى إسناد الطبرانى من لم أعرفهم.","vol":"11","page":558},{"text":"قالوا: لا. قال: \"صلَّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". قال أبو قَتادَةَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ علىَّ دَينُه. قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" مُختَصرًا عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ قال: مال جابِرٌ: توُفِّىَ رَجُلٌ فغَسَّلناه وحَنَّطناه وكَفَّناه، ثُمَّ أتَينا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقُلنا له: تُصَلِّى عَلَيه. فقامَ فخَطا خُطًى، ثُمَّ قال: \"عَلَيه (^٣) دَينٌ؟ \". قال: فقيلَ: دينارانِ. قال: فانصَرَفَ. قال: فتَحَمَّلَها (^٤) أبو قَتادَةَ. قال: فأتَيناه قال: فقالَ أبو قَتادَةَ: الدِّينارانِ عَلَيَّ. فقالَ النَّبِى -ﷺ-: \"حَقُّ الغَريمِ وبَرِئَ مِنهُما المَيِّتُ؟ \". قالَ: نَعَم، فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: فقالَ له بعدَ ذَلِكَ بيَومٍ: \"ما فعَلَ الدِّينارانِ؟ \". قال: إنَّما ماتَ أمسِ. قال: فعادَ إلَيه كالغَدِ قال: قَد قَضَيتُهُما، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"الآنَ بَرَّدتَ عَلَيه جِلدَه\" (^٥).\n\n١١٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ صَدَقَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وأبِى وإِمامُ الحَىِّ على أنَسِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٥٠٦، ١١٥٥٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٩٥).\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"هل عليه\".\n(^٤) في م: \"فتحملهما\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٥١٢)، وحديث معاوية بن عمرو ذكره أحمد عقب (١٤٥٣٦).","vol":"11","page":559},{"text":"ابنِ مالكٍ فقالوا (^١): حَدَّثنا حَديثًا سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنفَعُنا اللهُ به، قال: ماتَ رَجُلٌ فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ تُصَلِّى (^٢) عَلَيهِ؟ فقالَ: \"هَل عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. قال: \"أفَيضمَنُه مِنكُم أحَدٌ حَتَّى أصَلِّىَ عَلَيهِ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فما يَنفَعُكُم أن أصَلِّىَ على رَجُلٍ مُرتَهَنٍ في قَبرِه، حَتَّى يَبعَثَه اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ فيُحاسِبَه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٥١٨ - ورَواه أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ عن عيسَى فأدخَلَ بَينَه وبَينَ أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ أبي أُمَيَّةَ. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ صَدَقَةَ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ قال: شَهِدتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ وهو يقولُ: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى حَبَسَ السَّماءَ أن تَقَعَ على الأرضِ إلا بإِذنِه، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا أبا حَمَزَةَ لَو حَدَّثتَنا حَديثًا عَسَى اللهُ أن يَنفَعَنا به قال: مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُم أن يَموتَ ولَيسَ عَلَيه دَينٌ فليَفعَلْ، فإِنِّى شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأُتِيَ بجِنازَةِ رَجُلٍ ليُصَلِّىَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"فما يَنفَعُه أن أصَلِّىَ على رَجُلٍ روحُه مُرتَهَنٌ في قَبرِه لا تَصعَدُ روحُه إلَى اللَّهِ؟ فلَو ضَمِنَ رَجُلٌ دَينَه قُمتُ فصَلَّيتُ عَلَيه فإنَّ صَلاِتى تَنفَعُه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"له\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: له\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"فصل\"، وفى م: \"أتصلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٢٤٤) من طريق عيسى بن صدقة بنحوه. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٣٩: وعيسى وثقه أبو حاتم وضعفه غيره.\n(^٤) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٩٣ عن معاذ بن المثنى به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٥٢٥٣) من طريق أبي الوليد الطيالسي به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٤٠: وفيه عبد الحميد بن أبي أمية، وهو ضعيف.","vol":"11","page":560},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصفَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ فارِسٍ قال: قال البخارىُّ: قال أبو الوَليدِ: هو ضَعيفٌ يَعنِى عيسَى بنَ صَدَقَةَ هذا، وخالَفَهُما عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى فقالَ: صَدَقَةُ بنُ عيسَى، ووافَقَ يونُسَ في ذِكرِ سَماعِه مِن أنَسٍ (^١).\n\n١١٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ عيسَى قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- برَجُلٍ يُصَلِّى عَلَيه فقالَ: \"عَلَيه دَينٌ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"إن ضَمِنتُم دَينَه صَلَّيتُ عَلَيه\" (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ أبو داودَ: حدثنا صَدَقَةُ أبو مُحرِزٍ سَمِعَ أنَسًا (^٣).\n\n١١٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي (^٤) خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عامِرٌ الشَعبِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٠٧، وينظر أيضًا ٤/ ٢٩٤، والضعفاء للعقيلى ٣/ ٣٩٣، والكامل لابن على ٥/ ١٨٩٥.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة، كما في المطالب العالية (١٥٤٨).\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٤) ليس في: ز. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٦٩.","vol":"11","page":561},{"text":"عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ فلَمَّا أقبَلَ قال: \"ههُنا مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ أحَدٌ؟ \". فسَكَتَ القَومُ -وكانَ إذا ابتَدأهُم بشَئٍ سَكَتوا- ثُمَّ قال: \"ههُنا مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ أحَدٌ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: هذا فُلانٌ. فقالَ: \"أما إنَّ صاحِبَكُم قَد حُبِسَ على بابِ الجَنَّةِ بدَينٍ كان عَلَيه\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: عليَّ دَينُه. فقَضاه (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٢)، ورَواه سعيدُ بنُ مَسروقٍ الثَّورِىُّ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن سَمعانَ بنِ مُشَنِّجٍ عن سَمُرَةَ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في كِتابِ التَّفليسِ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ العَطَارُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بدَينِه حَتَّى يُقضَى عنه\" (^٤).\n\n١١٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٥٤٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٥، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٢٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسى (٩٣٢)، والطرانى (٦٧٥٠) من طريق فراس عن الشعبيّ به. وفى الأوسط (٣٠٤٦) من طريق العلاء بن عبد الكريم عن الشعبيّ به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ١٢٩: فيه أسلم بن سهل قال الذهبى: لينه الدارقطنى. وهذه عبارة سهلة في التضعيف، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٣٧٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٠٧٨) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وتقدم في (٧١٨٠). وصححه الألباني في=","vol":"11","page":562},{"text":"(ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا [أبو نُعَيمٍ] (^١) قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ ما كان عَلَيه دَينٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2549>بابُ ما جاءَ في الكَفالَةِ ببَدَنِ مَن عَلَيه حَقٌّ</span>\n\n١١٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافط وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه ذَكرَ: \"أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي إسرائيلَ سألَ بَعضَ بَنى إسرائيلَ أن يُسلِفَه ألفَ دينارٍ. قال: ائتِنِى بالشُهودِ أُشهِدُهُم عَلَيكَ. قال: كَفَى باللَّه شَهيدًا. قال: فأتِنِى بكَفيلٍ. قال: كَفَى باللَّهِ كَفيلًا\". قال: \"فدَفَعَها إلَيه إلَى أجَل مُسَمًّى (^٣)، فخَرَجَ في البحرِ وقَضَى حاجَتَه، ثُمَّ التَمَسَ مَركَبًا يَقدَمُ عَلَيه لِلأجَلِ الَّذِى أجَّلَه فلَم يَجِدْ مَركَبًا، فأخَذَ خَشَبَةً فنَقَرَها، فأدخَلَ فيها الدَّنانيرَ وصَحيفَةً مِنه إلَى صاحِبِها، ثُمَّ سَدَّ مَوضِعَها، ثُمَّ أتَى بها البحرَ، فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ تَعلَمُ أنِّى تَسَلَّفتُ مِن\n_________\n= صحيح الترمذي (٨٦٠).\n(^١) في ز: \"إبراهيم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ١٩٧.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧١٨١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"قال\".","vol":"11","page":563},{"text":"فلانٍ ألفَ دينارٍ وسألَنِى كَفيلًا فقُلتُ: كَفَى باللهِ كَفيلًا. فرَضِىَ بكَ، وسألَنِى شُهودًا فقُلتُ: كَفَى باللَّهِ شَهيدًا. فرَضِىَ بكَ، وقَد جَهَدتُ أن أجِدَ مَركَبًا أبعَثُ إلَيه الَّذِى له فلَم أجِدْ مَركَبًا، وإنِّى أستَودِعُكها فرَمَى بها في البحرِ حَتَّى ولَجَت فيه ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ، وهو في ذَلِكَ يَطلُبُ مَركَبًا يَخرُجُ إلَى بَلَدِه، فخَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى كان سَلَّفَه (^١) رَجاءَ أن يَكونَ مَركَبًا قَد جاءَ بمالِه، فإذا هو بالخَشَبَةِ فأخَذَها لأهلِه حَطَبًا فلَمّا كَسَرَها وجَدَ المالَ والصَّحيفَةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الرَّجُلُ فأتاه بألفِ دينارٍ فقالَ: واللهِ ما زِلتُ جاهِدًا في طَلَبِ مَركَب لآتيكَ بمالِكَ فما وجَدتُ مَركَبًا قبلَ الَّذِى أتَيتُ فيه. فقالَ: هَل كُنتَ بَعَثتَ إلَيَّ بشَئ؟. قال: نَعَم. قال: فإنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أدَّى عَنكَ، فانصَرِفْ بالألفِ دينارٍ راشِدًا\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبرأهيمُ بنُ خُثَيمِ بنِ عِراكِ بنِ مالك، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- حَبَسَ رَجُلًا في تُهمَةٍ. وقالَ مَرَّةً أخرَى: أخَذَ مِن مُتَّهَمٍ كَفيلًا تَثَبُّتًا واحتياطًا (^٤).\nإبراهيمُ بنُ خُثَيمٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أسلفه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٨٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٩١).\n(^٤) ابن عدى ١/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٥) تقدم الكلام عليه في (٦٤٦١).","vol":"11","page":564},{"text":"١١٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ دُرُستَ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ الغَداةَ مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ وأصحابِه وشَهادَتِهِم لِمُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذّابِ بالرِّسالَةِ، وأن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ أمَرَ بقَتلِ ابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ، ثُمَّ إنَّه استَشارَ النّاسَ في أولَئكَ النَّفَرِ فقامَ جَريرٌ والأشعَثُ فقالا: استَتِبهُم وكَفِّلْهُم عَشائرَهُم، فاستَتابَهُم فتابوا فكَفَّلَهُم عَشائرَهُم (^١). ذَكَرُه البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ بلا إسنادٍ (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ أبو الزِّنادِ: عن محمدِ بنِ حَمزَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الأسلَمِىِّ عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بَعَثَه مُصَدِّقًا فوَقَعَ رَجُلٌ على جاريَةِ امرأتِه، فأخَذَ حَمزَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ كُفَلاءَ (^٣) حَتَّى قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ وكانَ عُمَرُ قَد جَلَدَه مِائَةً، فصَدَّقَهُم وعَذَرَه بالجَهالَةِ (^٤).\n\n١١٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِيُّ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ٢/ ٩٧، ٩٨ من طريق أبي عوانة به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ٣١٢، ٣١٣ من طريق إسرائيل عن أبي إسحاق به. وسئل أبو حاتم وأبو زرعة الرازى عن زيادة أبي عوانة، أنه قال: وكفلهم عشائرهم. فقال: هو صحيح. انظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ٤/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (٢٢٩٠).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٦: \"كفيلا\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: كفلاء\". وكتب تحتها \"كفيلا خ ر\".\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٩٠).","vol":"11","page":565},{"text":"الشَّعبِىِّ قال: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الرَّجُلِ على شَهادَةِ الرَّجُلِ في حَدٍّ ولا كَفالَةَ في حَدٍّ (^١). وروِّيناه أيضًا عن شُرَيحٍ ومَسروقٍ وإِبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٢٧ - وروىَ فيه حَديث بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ ابنُ على الدَّامَغانِيُّ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الخُسروجِردِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الصَّفّارُ بَغدادَىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو محمدٍ الكُلاعِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَنبَسَةَ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن عُمَرَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا كَفالَةَ في حَدٍّ\" (^٤). قال أبو أحمدَ: عُمَرُ بنُ أبي عُمَرَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ مُنكَرُ الحديث عن الثِّقاتِ (^٥).\nقال الشَّيخُ: تَفرَدَ به بَقيَّةُ عن أبي محمدٍ عُمَرَ بنِ أبي عُمَرَ الكُلَاعيِّ الدَّمشقىِّ وهو مِن مَشايِخ بَقيَّةَ المَجهولينَ، ورِواياتُه مُنكَرَةٌ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٦١) من طريق مطرف بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٣٨٩) بسنده عن إبراهيم، دون ذكر الكفالة. وسيأتى في (٢١٢٢٨، وعقب ٢١٢٢٩).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"ببغداد\".\n(^٤) معجم الإسماعيليّ (٧٦)، وابن على ٥/ ١٦٨١.\n(^٥) ابن على ٥/ ١٦٨١.","vol":"11","page":566},{"text":"حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيبانِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ حَبيبًا -الَّذِى كان يُقَدِّمُ الخُصومَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ- قال: خاصَمَ رَجُلٌ ابنًا لِشُرَيحٍ إلَى شُرَيحٍ؛ كَفِلَ له برَجُلٍ عَلَيه دَينٌ فحَبَسَه شُرَيحٌ، فلَمّا كان اللَّيلُ قال: اذهَبْ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بفِراشٍ وطَعامٍ. وكانَ ابنُه يُسَمَّى عبدَ اللَّهِ (^١).\n\n١١٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ وحَمَّادٍ أنَّهُما قال في رَجُلٍ تَكفَّلَ بنَفسِ رَجُلٍ فماتَ الرَّجُلُ، قال أحَدُهُما: يَضمَنُ الدَّراهِمَ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢١٦٨) من طريق الشيبانيّ بنحوه.\n(^٢) علقه البخارى عقب (٢٢٩٠) عن حماد والحكم بنحوه. وينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٤٧٠.","vol":"11","page":567},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2550>كتابُ الشركةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2551>بابُ الاشتِراكِ في الأموالِ والهَدايا </span>(^١)\nقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أشرَكَ عَليًا في الهَدىِ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو النُعمانِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وعن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صبيحَةَ رابِعَةٍ مِن ذِي الحِجَّةِ مُهِلّينَ بالحَجِّ لا يُخالِطُه شَئٌ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا أمَرَنا فجَعَلناها عُمرَةً؛ بأن نَحِلَّ إلَى نِسائنا، ففَشَت في ذَلِكَ المَقالَةُ، قال عَطاءٌ: قال جابِرٌ: فيَروحُ أحَدُنا إلَى مِنًى وذَكَرُه يَقطُرُ مَنيًّا؟ قال جابِرٌ: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقامَ خَطيبًا فقالَ: \"بَلَغَنِى أن أقوامًا يَقولونَ كَذا، وكَذا، واللهِ لأنَا أتقَى مِنهُم ولَو استقبَلتُ مِن أمرِى ما استَدبَرتُ ما أهدَيتُ، ولَولا أن مَعِىَ الهَدىَ لأحلَلتُ\". قال: فقامَ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكِ ابنِ جُعشُمٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هِىَ لَنا أم لِلأبَدِ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، بَل لِلأبَدِ\". قال: وجاءَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ؛ فقالَ أحَدُهُما: يقولُ: لبَّيكَ بما أهلَّ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ الآخَرُ: لَبَّيكَ بحَجَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقيمَ على إحرامِه وأشرَكَه في الهَدىِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"والدواب\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٥٧٣) من طريق أبي النعمان به.","vol":"11","page":569},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ (^١).\n\n١١٥٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ وأبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قوهيارَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَحَرنا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ سبعينَ بَدَنَةً، البَدَنَةُ عن (^٢) سَبَعَةٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَرِكوا في الهَدىِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٤).\n\n١١٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَيَّانَ بنِ مُلاعِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا عَفَّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن السَّائبِ بنِ أبي السّائبِ أنَّه كان شَريكَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في أوَّلِ الِإسلامِ في التَّجارَةِ، فلَمّا كان يَومُ الفَتحِ قال: مَرحَبًا بأخِى وشَريكِى لا تُدارِى ولا تُمارِى (^٥).\n\n١١٥٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٥٠٥، ٢٥٠٦).\n(^٢) في ز: \"على\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١٩٩٨) عن يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٠) بنحو شطره الأول. وتقدم في (١٠٢٨٦، ١٠٢٨٧) دون قوله: اشتركوا في الهدى.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لا يدارى ولا يماري\". لا تدارى ولا تمارى: قال الخطابي: لا تخالف ولا تمانع. معالم السنن ٤/ ١١٦.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٠٣) من طريق مجاهد بنحوه. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٠٥: فيه إرسال.","vol":"11","page":570},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ المُهاجِرِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن قائدِ السّائبِ، عن السّائبِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فجَعَلوا يُثنونَ عليَّ ويَذكُروننى (^١)، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أعلمُكم به\". قُلتُ (^٢): صَدَقتَ بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، كُنتَ شَريكِى فنِعمَ الشَّريكُ، كُنتَ لا تُدارِى ولا تُمارِى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2552>بابُ الأمانَةِ في الشَّرِكَةِ وتَركِ الخيانَةِ</span>\n\n١١٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المِصِّيصِيُّ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ محمدُ بنُ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا أبو حَيَّانَ التَيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: أنا ثالِثُ الشَّريكَينِ ما لَم يَخُنْ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه، فإِذا خانَ خَرَجتُ مِن بَينهِما\" (^٤).\n\n١١٥٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المِصّيصِيُّ بإِسنادِه هذا عن\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٦، ز: \"ويذكرونى\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"قلنا\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"لعله قلت\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٨٥)، وأبو داود (٤٨٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٨٧) من طريق سفيان بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٤٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٨٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٥ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.","vol":"11","page":571},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ رَفَعَه قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ يقولُ\". فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2553>بابُ الشَّرِكَةِ في البَيعِ</span>\n\n١١٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ (^٢) أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَغدادِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ (^٣)، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي (^٤) أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَقيلٍ، عن جَدَّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هِشامٍ وكانَ قَد أدرَكَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وذَهَبَت به أُمُّه زَينَبُ بنتُ حُمَيدٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بايِعْه. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"هو صَغيرٌ\". ومَسَحَ على رأسِه ودَعا له، وكانَ يُضَحِّى بالشّاةِ الواحِدَةِ عن جَميعِ أهلِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أصبَغَ بنِ الفَرَجِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ابنِ وهبِ عن سعيدٍ عن زُهرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ -وهو أبو عَقيلٍ- إلَى قَولِه: ودَعا لَه (^٦).\n\n١١٥٣٧ - ثُمَّ زادَ عن زُهرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، أنَّه كان يَخرُجُ به جَدُّه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هِشامٍ إلَى السُّوقِ فيَشتَرِى الطَّعامَ، فيَتَلَّقاه ابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ فيَقولانِ له:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٦٨)، وأبو داود (٣٣٨٣). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٣٢).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الحسين بن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١/ ٢٩٠، وتاريخ الإسلام ٢٨/ ٤٣١.\n(^٣) في ز: \"ميسرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٤) ليس في: ز. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٧/ ٢٢.\n(^٥) حديث الفاكهى (١٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٤٦)، وأبو داود (٢٩٤٢) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به، مختصرا وليس فيه محل الشاهد.\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٥٠١).","vol":"11","page":572},{"text":"أشرِكنا فإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَد دَعا لَكَ بالبَرَكَةِ. فيُشرِكُهُم، ورُبَّما أصابَ الرّاحِلَةَ كما هِىَ فيَبعَثُ بها إلَى المَنزِلِ (^١). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ ابنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيُّوبَ، عن أبي (^٢) عَقيلٍ، أنَّه كان يَخرُجُ به جَدُّه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هشامٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2554>بابُ الشَّرِكَةِ في الغَنيمَةِ</span>\n\n١١٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: اشتَرَكتُ أنا وعَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ وسَعدٌ فيما نُصيبُه يَومَ بَدرٍ، فلَم أجِئْ أنا ولا عَمّارٌ بشَئٍ، وجاءَ سَعدٌ برَجُلَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2555>بابُ الشَّرطِ في الشَّرِكَةِ وغَيِرها</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما كان مِن شَرط لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللهِ فهو باطِلٌ، وإن كان مِائَةُ شَرطٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٥٠٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: ز. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٣٩٩.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٥٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٨٨) عن أبي داود الحفرى به. وأبو داود (٣٣٨٨)، والنسائى (٣٩٤٧) من طريق سفيان به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٣٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٩٣٠).","vol":"11","page":573},{"text":"١١٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَفٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ (^١) حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي حازِمٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن النَبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُسلِمونَ على شُروطِهِم\" (^٢). قال: وزادَ سفيانُ في حَديثِه: \"ما وافَقَ الحَقَّ منِها\" (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِّينا ذَلِكَ بزيادَتِه مِن حَديثِ خُصَيفٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، وعن عَطاءٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n١١٥٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خُرَيمٍ (^٥) القَزّازُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه قال\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ز: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٧٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٨٧)، والشعب (٤٣٤٨). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٩٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة عن عبد العزيز بن أبي حازم وحده. وأبو داود (٣٥٩٤) من طريق كثير بن زيد في حديث: الصلح جائز بين المسلمين. وقد تقدم في (١١٤٦٢، ١١٤٦٣) وليس فيه هذه الزيادة. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٦٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) ابن الجارود (٦٣٧) من طريق سفيان بن حمزة به.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٤٥٤٧).\n(^٥) في الأصل، ز: \"خزيم\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"الذي يروى عنه ابن عدى هو الذي يروى عن هشام بن عمار وهو بالراء المهملة بلا شك\". وكتب تحته: \"قلت: الذي وجدناه على هذه الصورة لأصحاب التلخيص وغيره محمد بن خزيم الشاشي روى عنه الباغندى وهو بالزاى المنقوطة، ومحمد بن خريم الدمشقى حدث عن هشام بن عمار وغيره، وهو معروف، وهو بالراء المهملة والله أعلم\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٥٢/ ٣٩٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٢٨.","vol":"11","page":574},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المسلِمونَ عِندَ شروطِهِم، إلَّا شَرطًا حرَّمَ حَلالًا، أو شَرطًا أحَلَّ حَرامًا\" (^١).\n\n١١٥٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ، حدثنا أبو عيسَى الخُتَّلِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الأذْرَمِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٨١.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحبلى\"، وفى ص ٦: \"الحنظلى\".\n(^٣) ضبطها في الأصل، ز: \"الأذَرْمى\". ينظر التاج ٣٢/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٥٢) من طريق أبي عامر العقدى وقال: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٠٧: كثير هالك، وقد صحح الترمذى الخبر.","vol":"11","page":575},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2556>كتابُ الوَكَالة</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2557>بابُ التَّوكيلِ في المالِ وطَلَبِ الحُقوقِ وقَضائها وذَبحِ الهَدايا وقَسمِها والبَيعِ والشِّراءِ والنَّفَقَةِ وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١١٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبيدُ (^١) اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عَمِّى (^٢)، حدثنا أبي، عن ابنِ (^٣) إسحاقَ، عن أبي نُعَيمٍ وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ (^٤) اللهِ أنَّه سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ قال: أرَدتُ الخُروجَ إلَى خَيبَرَ فأتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، وقُلتُ: إنِّى أرَدتُ (^٥) الخُروجَ إلَى خَيبَرَ فقالَ: \"إذا أتَيتَ وكيلِى فخُذ مِنه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ وسقًا، فإِنِ ابتَغَى مِنكَ آيَةً فضَع يَدَكَ على تَرقوَتِه\" (^٦).\n\n١١٥٤٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٦.\n(^٢) في س: \"يحيى\". وفى حاشيتها كالمثبت، وهو يعقوب بن إبراهيم بن سعد، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٣) في ص ٦، ز، م: \"أبي\". وهو محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٤) في ز، م: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٤٣.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل، س، ص ٦، ز: \"أريد\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٨٩)، وأبو داود (٣٦٣٢). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٤ من طريق عبيد الله بن سعد به، وفيه زيادة. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٨٤).","vol":"11","page":577},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن علىٍّ قال: أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُمتُ على البُدنِ فأمَرَنِى فقَسَمتُ لُحومَها، ثُمَّ أمَرَنِى فقَسَمتُ جِلالَها وجُلودَها (^١).\n\n١١٥٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيَّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على البُدنِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ في قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى تَقاضَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سِنًّا كانَت له عَلَيه: \"اشتَروا له بَعيرًا فأعطوه إيّاه\" (^٤). وفِى حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في قِصَّةِ بَيعِ بَعيرِه مِنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"يا بلالُ اقضِه وزِده\". فأعطاه أربَعَةَ دَنانيرَ وزادَه قيراطًا (^٥).\n\n١١٥٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطوسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرَّازِئُ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ الهَوزَنِيُّ يَعنِى أبا عامِرٍ الهَوزَنِيُّ قال: لَقيتُ بلالًا مُؤَذِّنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٤١). وتقدم في (١٠٢٧٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٢٧٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٧١٦)، ومسلم (١٣١٧/ ...).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٠٤٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٠٤٧).","vol":"11","page":578},{"text":"بحَلَبَ، فقُلتُ: يا بلالُ حَدِّثَنِى كَيفَ كانَت نَفَقَةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: ما كان له شَئٌ إلَّا أنا الَّذِى كُنتُ ألِى ذَلِكَ مِنه مُنذُ بَعَثَه اللَّهُ إلَى أن توُفِّىَ، فكانَ إذا أتاه الإنسانُ المُسلِمُ فرآه عاريًا يأمُرُنِى فأنطَلِقُ فأستَقرِضُ فأشتَرِى البُردْةَ والشَّئَ فأكسوه وأُطعِمُه، حَتَّى اعتَرَضَنِى رَجُل مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فقالَ: يا بلالُ إنَّ عِندِى سَعَةً فلا تَستَقرِض مِن أحَدٍ إلَّا مِنِّى. ففَعَلتُ، فلَمّا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ تَوَضأت ثُمَّ قُمتُ لأُؤَذِّنَ بالصَّلاةِ فإِذا المُشرِكُ في عِصابَةٍ مِنَ التُّجّارِ، فلَمّا رآنِى قال: يا حَبَشِيُّ. قال: قُلتُ: يا لَبَّيه (^١) فتَجَهَّمَنِى وقالَ قَولًا غَليظًا فقالَ: أتَدرِى كَم بَينَكَ وبَينَ الشَّهرِ؟ قال: قُلتُ: قَريبٌ. قال: إنَّما بَينَكَ وبَينَه أربَعُ لَيالٍ، فآخُذُكَ بالَّذِى لِي عَلَيكَ فإِنِّى لَم أُعطِكَ الَّذِى أعطَيتُكَ مِن كَرامَتِكَ ولا مِن كَرامَةِ صاحِبِكَ، ولَكِن أعطَيتُكَ لِتَجِبَ لِى عبدًا فأرُدّكَ تَرعَى الغَنَمَ كما كُنتَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ. فأخَذَ في نَفسِى ما يأخُذُ في أنفُسِ النّاسِ فانطَلَقتُ ثُمَّ أذَّنتُ بالصَّلاةِ حَتَّى إذا صَلَّيتُ العَتَمَةَ رَجَعَ النَبِيُّ -ﷺ- إلَى أهلِه فاستأذَنتُ عَلَيه فأذِنَ لِى، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى إنَّ المُشرِكَ الَّذِى ذَكَرتُ لَكَ أنِّى كُنتُ أتَدَيَّنُ مِنه قَد قال: كَذا وكَذا ولَيسَ عِندَكَ ما تَقضى عَنِّى ولا عِندِى وهو فاضحِى، فأذَنْ لِى أن آتِيَ إلَى بَعضِ هَؤُلاءِ الأحياءِ الَّذينَ قَد أسلَموا حَتَّى يَرزُقَ اللَّهُ رسولَه -ﷺ- ما يَقضِى عَنِّى، فخَرَجتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُ مَنزِلِى فجَعَلتُ سَيفِى وجِرابِى ورُمحِى ونَعلِى عِندَ رأسِى واستَقبَلتُ بوَجهِىَ الأُفُقَ، فكُلَّما نِمتُ أنتَبَهتُ فإِذا رأيتُ عليَّ لَيلًا نِمتُ حَتَى انشَقَّ عَمودُ الصُّبحِ الأوَّلِ فأرَدتُ\n_________\n(^١) يالبيه: هو من التلبية، وهي إجابة المنادى. ينظر التاج ٤/ ١٨٤، ١٨٥ (ل ب ب).","vol":"11","page":579},{"text":"أن أنطَلِقَ فإِذا إنسانٌ يَسعَى يَدعو: يا بلالُ أجِب رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فانطَلَقتُ حَتَّى آتِيَه (^١)، فإِذا أربَعُ رَكائبَ عَلَيهِنَّ أحمالُهُنَّ فأتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فاستأذَنتُ، فقالَ لِى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أبشِرْ فقَد جاءَكَ اللَّهُ بقَضائكَ (^٢) \". فحَمِدتُ اللهَ، وقالَ: \"ألَم تَمُرَّ على الرَّكائبِ المُناخاتِ الأربَعِ؟ \". قال: فقُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: \"فإِنَّ لَكَ رِقابَهُنَّ وما عَلَيهِنَّ\". وإِذا عَلَيهِنَّ كِسوَةٌ وطَعامٌ أهداهُنَّ له عَظيم فَدَكٍ (^٣): \"فاقبِضْهُنَّ إلَيكَ ثُمَّ اقضِ دَينَكَ\". قال: ففَعَلتُ فحَطَطتُ عَنهُنَّ أحمالَهُنَّ ثُمَّ عَقَلتُهُنَّ ثُمَّ عَمَدتُ إلَى تأذينِ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ، حَتَى إذا صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجتُ إلَى البَقيعِ فجَعَلتُ إصبَعَيَّ في أُذُنَيَّ، فنادَيتُ وقُلتُ: مَن كان يَطلُبُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَينًا فليَحضُرْ. فما زِلتُ أبيعُ وأقضِى وأُعَرِّضُ (^٤) وأقضِى، حَتَّى لَم يَبقَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- دَينٌ في الأرضِ، حَتَّى فضلَ عِندِى أوقيَّتَينِ أو أوقيَّةٌ ونِصفٌ. ثُمَّ انطَلَقتُ إلَى المَسجِدِ وقَد ذَهَبَ عامَّةُ النَّهارِ فإِذا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قاعِدٌ في المَسجِدِ وحدَه، فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، فقالَ لِى: \"ما فعَلَ ما قِبَلَكَ؟ \". قُلتُ (^٥): قَد قَضَى اللهُ كُلَّ شَئٍ كان على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فلَم يَبقَ شَئٌ. فقالَ: \"فضَلَ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أتيته\".\n(^٢) في س: \"بقضاء حاجتك\".\n(^٣) فَدَك: بلدة كانت عامرة، صالح أهلها رسول الله بعد خيبر، وهي قرية من شرقى خيبر على واد يذهب سيله مشرقا إلى وادى الرمة تعرف اليوم بالحائط. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٣٥.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل:\"قلت: أحسب معناه أعوِّض بعَرَضٍ، من قولهم: عرضت له من حقه ثوبًا. إذا أعطيته إياه عوضًا عن حقه والله أعلم\". وهي في حاشية ز. وفيها: \"قال شيخنا أحسب\".\n(^٥) في حاشة الأصل، س، ص ٥، وسنن أبي داود: \"قال: قلت\".\n(^٦) في س، وسنن أبي داود، وصحيح ابن حبان: \"أفضل\".","vol":"11","page":580},{"text":"شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم دينارانِ. قال: \"انظُرْ أن تُريحَنِى مِنها (^١)، فلَستُ بداخِلٍ على أحَدٍ مِن أهلِى حَتَّى تُريحَنِى مِنها (^١) \". فلَم يأتِنا، فباتَ في المَسجِدِ حَتَّى أصبَحَ وظَلَّ في المَسجِدِ اليَومَ الثّانِىَ حَتَّى كان في آخِرِ النَّهارِ جاءَ راكِبانِ، فانطَلَقتُ بهِما فكَسَوتُهُما وأطعَمتُهُما حَتَّى إذا صَلَّى العَتَمَةَ دَعانِى فقالَ: \"ما فعَلَ الَّذِى قِبَلَكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: قَد أراحَكَ اللَّهُ مِنه، فكَبَّرَ وحَمِدَ اللَّهَ شَفَقًا مِن أن يُدرِكَه المَوتُ وعِندَه ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعتُه حَتَّى جاءَ أزواجَه فسَلَّمَ على امرأةٍ امرأةٍ حَتَّى أتَى في مَبيتِه.\nفَهَذا الَّذِى سألتَنِى عَنه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2558>بابُ التَّوكيلِ في الخُصوماتِ مَعَ الحُضورِ والغَيبَةِ</span>\n\n١١٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ مَولَى الأنصارِ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ ورافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، أنَهُما حَدَّثاه أو حَدَّثا، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةَ بنَ مَسعودِ أتَيا خَيبَرَ في حاجَةٍ فتَفَرَّقا في النَّخلِ، فقُتِلَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَهلٍ فجاءَ أخوه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَهلٍ وابنا عَمِّه مُحَيِّصةُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"منهما\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٤٨ - ٣٥٠، وفيه: يزيد بن سلام. بدلًا من: زيد بن سلام. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٥٥) عن أبي توبة به. وابن حبان (٦٣٥١) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٠٩: إسناده ثقات لكنه منكر.","vol":"11","page":581},{"text":"وحوَيِّصَةُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرا أمرَ صاحِبِهِما، فبَدأ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ فتَكَلَّمَ وكانَ أقرَبَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الكُبْرَ (^١) \". قال يَحيَى: ليَلِىَ الكَلامَ الكُبْرُ (^١)، فتَكَلَّما في أمرِ صاحِبِهِما. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن القَواريرِيِّ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يقولُ: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن جَهمِ بنِ أبي الجَهمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: كان عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ يَكرَهُ الخُصومَةَ، فكانَ إذا كانَت له خُصومَةٌ وكَّلَ فيها عَقيلَ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ، فلَمّا كَبِرَ عَقيلٌ وكَّلَنِى (^٤).\n\n١١٥٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ (^٥)، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"الكبير\".\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٦٥١٥) بإسناده مطولًا في كتاب القسامة.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦١٤٢)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٩٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شية (٢٣٥١٩)، وابن شة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ١٠٤٢ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق، وفيه زيادة.\nوعند ابن شبة: جهيم بن الجهم، وعنده أيضًا: حدثنى عبد الله بن جعفر، وقال: حدثنى من سمع عبد الله بن جعفر يحدث. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: حدثنى من سمع عبد الله بن جعفر يحدث.\n(^٥) في ز: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٣٥٤.","vol":"11","page":582},{"text":"العَوَّامِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ يُقالُ له: جَهمٌ، عن علىٍّ، أنَّه وكَّلَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ بالخُصومَةِ، فقالَ: إنَّ لِلخُصومَةِ قُحَمًا. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو الزّيادِ: القُحَمُ: المَهالِكُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2559>بابُ فضلِ النِّيابَةِ عَمَّن لا يُهدِى</span>\n\n١١٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ [فيما أظُنُّ] (^٢)، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حَبيبٍ مَولَى عُروةَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبى مُراوِحٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فسألَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أىُّ الأعمالِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ باللَّهِ وجِهادٌ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قال: فأىُّ العَتاقَةِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"أنفَسُها\". قال: أفَرأيتَ إن لَم أجِدْ؟ قال: \"فتُعينُ الصّانِعَ، وتَصنَعُ لأخرَقَ (^٣) \". قال: أفَرأيتَ إن لَم أستَطِعْ؟ قال: \"تَدَعُ النّاسَ مِن شَرِّكَ فإِنَّها صَدَقَة تَصَدَّقُ بها على نَفسِكَ\" (^٤) رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاق (^٥)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٥١.\n(^٢) ليس فى: ز.\n(^٣) الأخرق: الجاهل بما يجب أن يعمله. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٩٨)، وعنه أحمد (٢١٤٤٩) بنحوه.\n(^٥) مسلم (٨٤/ عقب ١٣٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٥١٨)، ومسلم (٨٤/ ١٣٦)، وسيأتى فى (١٩١١٢).","vol":"11","page":583},{"text":"١١٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مِهرانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ذَهَبَ الأغنياءُ بالأجرِ فقالَ: \"ألَستُم تُصَلّونَ وتَصومونَ وتُجاهِدونَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى، وهُم يَفعَلونَ كما نَفعَلُ يُصَلّونَ ويَصومونَ ويُجاهِدونَ، ويَتَصَدَّقونَ ولا نَتَصَدَّقُ، قال: \"إنَّ فيكَ صَدَقَةً كَثيرَةً؛ إن فى فضلِ بَيانِكَ عن الأرتَمِ (^١)؛ تُعَبِّرُ عنه حاجَتَه، صَدَقَةً، وفِى فضلِ سَمعِكَ على السَّيِّيءِ السَّمعِ تُعَبِّرُ عنه حاجَتَه، صَدَقَةٌ، وفِى فضلِ بَصَرِكَ على الضَريرِ البَصَرِ تَهديه الطَّريقَ، صَدَقَةٌ، وفِى فضلِ قوَّتِكَ على الضَّعيفِ تُعينُه، صَدَقَةٌ، وفِى إماطَتِكَ الأذَى عن الطَّريقِ، صَدَقَةٌ، وفِى مُباضَعَتِكَ أهلَكَ صَدَقَةٌ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أيأتِي أحَدُنا شَهوَتَه ويُؤجَرُ؟ قال: \"أرأيتَه (^٢) لَو جَعَلتَه فى غَيرِ حِلِّه أكانَ عَلَيكَ وِزرٌ؟ \". قال: قُلت: نَعَم. قال: \"أفَتَحتَسِبونَ بالشَّرِّ ولا تَحتَسِبونَ بالخَيرِ؟! \" (^٣). وروِّينا (^٤) هذا مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: كذا وقع فى الرواية الأرتم بالتاء المثناة، وكأنه الذى تكسّر كلامه ولا يبينه، فإن الرتم الكسر والله أعلم\". وكذا فى حاشية ز، وفيها: \"قال شيخنا\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"أرأيتم\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٦١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٦٣) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢١١: أبو البخترى عن أبى ذر مرسل.\n(^٤) بعده فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: معنى\".\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٧٨٩٩، ٧٩٠٠).","vol":"11","page":584},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2560>بابُ إثمِ مَن خاصَمَ أو أعانَ في خُصومَةٍ بباطِلٍ</span>\n\n١١٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ راشِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن حالَت شَفاعَتُه دونَ حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللَّهِ فقَد ضادَّ اللَّهَ في مُلكِه، ومَن ماتَ وعَلَيه دَينٌ فلَيسَ ثَمَّ دينارٌ ولا دِرهَمٌ ولَكِنَّها الحَسَناتُ والسَّيِّئاتُ، ومَن خاصَمَ في باطِل وهو يَعلَمُ لَم يَزَلْ في سَخَطِ اللَّهِ ﷿ حَتَّى يَنزِعَ، ومَن قال في مُؤمِنٍ ما لَيسَ فيه حُبِسَ في رَدغَةِ (^١) الخَبالِ (^٢) حَتَّى يَخرُجَ مِمّا قال\" (^٣).\n\n١١٥٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، [حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه، دونَ قَولِه: \"ومَن ماتَ وعَلَيه دَينٌ\" (^٤) (^٥).\n\n١١٥٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ]، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ زَيدٍ العُمَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى المُثَنَّى بنُ يَزيدَ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرَّاقِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦: \"رزغة\". وهما بمعنى كما في النهاية ٢/ ٢١٥.\n(^٢) ردغة الخبال: الردغة بفتح الدال وبالهاء، وهى الماء والطين والوحل وجمعها رَدَاغ، وردغة الخبال: الشيء المختلط من صديد أهل النار. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٨٥) من طريق زهير به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢١١: يحيى دمشقى محله الصدق.\n(^٤) ليسَ في: ص ٦.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٥٩٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٦٦).","vol":"11","page":585},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بمَعناه قال: \"ومَن أعانَ على خُصومَةٍ بظُلمٍ، فقَد باءَ بغَضَب مِن اللهِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ السَّمَّاكِ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا رَجاءٌ أبو يَحيَى صاحِبُ السَّقَطِ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أبى كَثيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن مَشَى مَعَ قَومٍ يُرِى أنَّه شاهِدٌ ولَيسَ بشاهِدٍ فهو شاهِدُ زورٍ، ومَن أعانَ على خُصومَةٍ بغَيرِ عِلمٍ كان في سَخَطِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنزِعَ، وقِتالُ المُؤمِنِ كُفرٌ، وسِبابُه فُسوقٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2561>بابُ ما جاءَ في الوَكيلِ يَنعَزِلُ إذا عُزِلَ وإن لَم يَعلَمْ بهِ</span>\n\n١١٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن داودَ ابنِ أبى الفُراتِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: قَضَى عُمَرُ في أمَةٍ غَزا مَولاها وأمَرَ رَجُلًا ببَيعِها، ثُمَّ بَدا لِمَولاها فأعتَقَها وأشهَدَ على ذَلِكَ، وقَد بيعَتِ الجاريَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٩٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٢٠) من طريق مطر بنحوه. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٧٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٦٧٦)، وفوائد العيسوى (٥٠٤ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٥٥٢) من طريق رجاء بنحوه، وفيه زيادة. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤/ ٢٠١: وفيه رجاء السقطى، ضعفه ابن معين ووثقه ابن حبان.","vol":"11","page":586},{"text":"فحَسَبوا فإِذا عِتقُها قبلَ بَيعِها، فقَضَى عُمَرُ -﵁- أن يُقضَى بعِتقِها، ويُرَدُّ ثَمَنُها ويُؤخَذُ صَداقُها لِما كان قَد وطِئَها.\n\n١١٥٥٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن حِبَّانَ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه، وقالَ فيه: فقَضَى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ -﵁-.\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الحادى عشر\nويتلوه الجزءُ الثانى عشر\nوأولُه: كتابُ الإقرار","vol":"11","page":587},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2562>كتابُ الإقرارِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2563>بابُ الاعترافِ بالحُقوقِ والخُروجِ مِنَ المَظالِم</span>\n\n١١٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ في امرأتَينِ كانَتا تَخرِزانِ خَريزًا وفِى البَيتِ حُدَّاثٌ (^١)، فأخرَجَت إحداهُنَّ يَدَها تَشخَبُ دَمًا فقالَت: أصابَتنِى هذه. وأنكَرَتِ الأُخرَى. قال: فكَتَبَ إليَّ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قَضَى أن اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه، وقالَ: \"لَو أن النّاسَ أُعطوا بدَعواهُم، لادَّعَى ناسٌ دِماءَ ناسٍ وأموالَهم\". ادعُها فاقرأْ عَلَيها: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧]. وقَرأ عَلَيهِنَّ فاعتَرَفَت، فبَلَغَه فسَرَّه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وغَيرِه عن نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تخرزان بكسر الراء وضمها من: خرز الخف: خاطه، والخريز: ما يخرز، أى: يخاط، وجاء عند الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٩١: \"تخرزان حريرًا\"، وفى شرح المشكل (٤٤٧٤): \"تخرزان حصيرا\". وحداث: اْى: قوم يتحدثون. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٤، وحاشية السندى على النسائى ٨/ ٢٤٨، والتاج ١٥/ ١٣٣ (خ ر ز).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٨٨)، ومسلم (١٧١١/ ٢)، وأبو داود (٣٦١٩)، والترمذى (١٣٤٢)، والنسائى (٥٤٤٠) من طريق نافع بن عمر بنحوه مختصرًا ومطولًا. وتقدم في (١٠٩٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥١٤، ٢٦٦٨).","vol":"12","page":5},{"text":"١١٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ حَبيبُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ داودَ القَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ يَزيدَ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئب، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"مَن كانَت عِندَه مَظلِمَةً [مِن أخيه] (^١) مِن عِرضِه أو مالِه، فليُحَلِّلْها مِن صاحِبِه مِن قَبلِ أن تُؤخَذَ مِنه حينَ لا يَكونُ دينارٌ ولا دِرهَمٌ، فإِن كان له عَمَلٌ صالِحٌ أُخِذَ مِنه بقَدرِ مَظلِمَتِه، وإن لَم يَكُنْ له أُخِذَ مِن سَيِّئاتِ صاحِبِه فحُمِلَت عَلَيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2564>بابُ مَن يَجوزُ إقرارُهُ</span>\n\n١١٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا غَيلانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ ماعِزُ بنُ مالك إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ (^٤):\"ويحَكَ! ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\".\n_________\n(^١) في ز، ص ٥، وصحيح ابن حبان: \"لأخيه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٤٧٠)، والاربعين الصغرى (١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (٧٣٦١). وتقدم في (١١٤٧٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٤٩).\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"رسول الله ﷺ\".","vol":"12","page":6},{"text":"فرَجَعَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِاللهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\". فرَجَعَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتِّى إذا كانَتِ الرّابِعَةُ قال له النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟ \". قال: مِنَ الزِّنَى. فسألَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أبِه جُنونٌ؟ \". فأُخبِرَ أنَّه لَيسَ بمَجنونٍ، فقالَ: \"أشَرِبتَ خَمرًا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فاستَنكَهَه فلَم يَجِدْ مِنه ريحَ خَمرٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \" [أثَيِّبٌ أنتَ] (^١)؟ \". قال: نَعَم، فأمَرَ به النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فرُجِمَ، وكانَ الناسُ فيه فِرقَتَينِ؛ قائل يقولُ: قَد هَلَكَ ماعِزٌ على أسوأَ عَمَلِه لَقَد أحاطَت به خَطيئَتُه. وقائلٌ يقولُ: ما تَوبَة أفضَلَ مِن تَوبَةِ ماعِزٍ؛ أن جاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فوَضَعَ يَدَه في يَدِه ثُمَّ قال: اقتُلنِى بالحِجارَةِ. قال: فلَبِثوا بذَلِكَ يَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً، ثُمَّ جاءَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وهُم جُلوسٌ، فسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فقالَ: \"استَغفِروا لِماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ\". قال: فقالوا: غَفَرَ اللهُ لِماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لَقَد تابَ تَوبَةً لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ أُمَّةٍ لَوَسِعَتها\". قال: ثُمَّ جاءَته امرأةٌ مِن غامِدٍ مِنَ الأزدِ، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرْنِي فقالَ: \"ويحَكِ! ارجِعى فاستَغفِرِى اللهَ وتوبى إلَيه\". فقالَت: لَعَلَّكَ تُريدُ أن تُردِّدَنِي (^٢) كما رَدَّدتَ ماعِزَ ابنَ مالكٍ. فقالَ: \"وما ذاكِ؟ \". قالَت: إنَها حُبلَى مِنَ الزِّنَى. قال: \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"إذن لا نَرجُمُكِ حَتَّى تَضَعِى ما في بَطنِكِ\". قال: وكَفَلَها رَجُل مِن الأنصارِ حَتَّى وضَعَت، فأتَى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: قَد وضَعَتِ\n_________\n(^١) في ز، س، ص ٦: \"أزنيت\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"تردني\".","vol":"12","page":7},{"text":"الغامِديَّةُ. قال: \"إذَنْ لا نَرجُمُها ونَدَعُ ولَدَها صَغيرًا لَيسَ له مَن يُرضِعُه (^١) \". فقامَ رَجُل مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: إلَيَّ رَضاعُه يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ. فرَجَمَها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ وعن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، أنَّهُما أخبَراه في قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلَينِ اختَصما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، وأمَرَ أُنَيسًا الأسلَمِيَّ أن يأتي امرأةَ الآخَرِ، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت رَجَمَها، فاعتَرَفَت فرَجَمَها (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٥)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٦).\n\n١١٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ (^٧)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن جاريَةً وُجِدَ رأسُها بَينَ حَجَرَينِ، فجِئَ بها\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، م: \"ترضعه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٢٩٢) عن العباس بن عبد الله الترقفى به. وأبو داود (٤٤٣٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧١٦٣) من طريق يحيى بن يعلى. وعند أبى داود مختصر جدًّا، والنسائى دون قصة الغامدية.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٢).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٧٠١١، ١٧٠٧٥).\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٦٣٣، ٦٦٣٤، ٦٨٤٢، ٦٨٤٣).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٦٩٥، ٢٦٩٦)، ومسلم (١٦٩٧، ١٦٩٨).\n(^٧) بعده في م: \"البغدادى\".","vol":"12","page":8},{"text":"إلَى النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقيلَ: \"مَن فعَلَ بكِ هذا؟ أفُلان؟ أفُلان؟ \". حَتَّى سُمِّىَ اليَهودِىُّ، فأومأت برأسِها، فبَعَثَ إلَى اليَهودِىِّ فجِئَ به فاعتَرَفَ. قال: فأمَرَ به النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فرُضَّ (^١) رأسُه بَينَ حَجَرَينِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ (^٣) مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١١٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيم، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ (^٥)، أن رَجُلًا أقَرَّ عِندَ شُرَيحٍ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يُنكِرُ، فقالَ له شُرَيحٌ: شَهِدَ عَلَيكَ ابنُ أُختِ خالَتِكَ (^٦).\n\n١١٥٦٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ سيرينَ أن شُرَيحًا قال له: شَهِدَ عَلَيكَ ابنُ أُختِ خالَتِكَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الرض: الدق والجرش ... رضّه رضا إذا كسره. التاج ١٨/ ٣٤٤ (ر ض ض).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٤٠) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٤٥٢٧)، والترمذى (١٣٩٤)، والنسائى (٤٧٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٥)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩٣) من طرق عن همام به مختصرًا، وسيأتى في (١٦٠٧٩).\n(^٣) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"في الصحيح\". وكتب قبله: \"بخطه\".\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤١٣، ٢٧٤٦، ٢٨٧٦، ٦٨٨٤)، ومسلم (١٦٧٢/ ١٧).\n(^٥) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"النخعى\". وكتب قبله: \"بخطه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ١٣٥ عن هشيم به، وفيه: ابن عون وهشام عن محمد. بدلًا من: ابن عون عن إبراهيم. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٣٠٢) من طريق ابن عون بنحوه.\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٠١) من طريق ابن سيرين، وعنده: \"خالك\". مكان \"خالتك\".","vol":"12","page":9},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2565>بابُ مَن لا يَجوزُ إقرارُهُ</span>\n\n١١٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى موسَى قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَة؛ عن الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ، وعن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ\" (^١).\n\n١١٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو سعيدٍ [محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ] (^٢) الثقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ الصَّقرِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"وُضِعَ عن أُمَّتِى الخَطأُ والنِّسيانُ وما استُكرِهوا عَلَيه\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدٍ المَنبِجِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ المُصفَّى (^٤). والمَحفوظُ: عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٥٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٩٤)، وأبو داود (٤٣٩٨)، والنسائى (٣٤٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٤١)، وابن حبان (١٤٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٦٠).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أحمد بن يعقوب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٦/ ٣٥٢ من طريق السكري به.\n(^٤) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ١٤٥، والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٢٧٤) من طريق محمد بن مصفى بنحوه.\n(^٥) سيأتى في (١٥١٩٦).","vol":"12","page":10},{"text":"وعن الوَليدِ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن موسَى بنِ وردانَ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، كِلاهُما عن النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2566>بابُ الاستِثناءِ في الكَلامِ</span>\n\n١١٥٦٦ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ أبو القاسِمِ -ﷺ-: \"للهِ ﷿ تِسعَةٌ وتِسعونَ اسمًا مِائَةً إلَّا واحِدًا، مَن أحصاها دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ، إنَّه وترٌ يُحِبُّ الوترَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2567>بابُ ما جاءَ في إقرارِ المَريضِ لِوارِثِهِ</span>\n\n١١٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ،\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٥١٩٧). وينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال لأحمد (١٣٤٠)، وعلل ابن أبى حاتم (١٢٩٦).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٥٦)، وعنه أحمد (٧٦٢٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٧٧/ ٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٧٧/ ٥).","vol":"12","page":11},{"text":"عن طاوُسٍ قال: إن أقَرَّ المَريضُ لِوارِثٍ أو لِغَيرِ وارِثٍ جازَ (^١).\nوبَلَغَنِى عن أبى يَحيَى السّاجِىِّ أنَّه قال: رُوىَ عن الحَسَنِ وعَطاءٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أن إقرارَه جائزٌ (^٢).\nقال البخاريُّ: وقالَ الحَسَنُ: أحَقُّ ما يُصَدَّقُ به الرَّجُلُ آخِرُ يَومٍ مِنَ الدُّنيا وأوَّلُ يَومٍ مِنَ الآخِرَةِ. قال البخاريُّ: وأوصَى رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ ألا تُكشَفَ الفَزاريَّة عَمّا أُغلِقَ عَلَيه بابُها. قال: وقالَ بَعضُ النّاسِ: لا يَجوزُ إقرارُه؛ لِسوءِ الظَّنِّ [به للورثةِ] (^٣)، وقَد قال النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إيّاكُم والظَّن، فإِنَّ الظَنَّ أكذَبُ الحديثِ\". ولا يَحِل مالُ المُسلِمينَ؛ لِقَولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"آيَةُ المُنافِقِ؛ إذا اؤتُمِنَ خانَ\". وقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النساء: ٥٨] فلَم يَخُصَّ وارِثًا ولا غَيرَه (^٤).\n\n١١٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٠١٦) من طريق ليث، دون ذكر المرض.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٩٥)، والبخارى تعليقًا قبل (٢٧٤٩). وقول الحسن أسنده ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٤١٧، ٤١٨، وقول عطاء أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة في (٢١٠٢٠) بإسناده عن ابن جريج عنه بلفظ \"لا يجوز إقرار المريض بالدين\". وفى (٢١٠٢١) عن قيس بن سعد عن عطاء بلفظ: \"في رجل أقرَّ لوارث بدين قال: جائز\". وينظر تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٤١٧.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، ص ٥، ص ٦، ز: \"للورثة\"، وفى م. \"بالورثة\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو موافق لما في البخارى.\n(^٤) البخارى قبل (٢٧٤٩) وفيه ما تَصَدَّق. مكان: ما يُصَدَّق. وينظر تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٤١٨.","vol":"12","page":12},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"إيّاكم والظّنَّ، فإِنّ الظّنَّ أكذَبُ الحديثِ، [ولا تَحَسَّسوا، ولا تَجَسَّسوا] (^١)، ولا تَنافَسوا، ولا تَحاسدوا، ولا تَباغَضوا، ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللهِ إخوانًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١١٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو (^٤) الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ أبى عامِرٍ أبو سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"آيَة المُنافِقِ ثَلاثٌ؛ إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإذا اؤئمِنَ خانَ، وإِذا وعدَ أخلَفَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ،\n_________\n(^١) قال النووى: الأول بالحاء والثانى بالجيم، قال بعض العلماء: التحسس بالحاء: الاستماع لحديث القوم، وبالجيم: البحث عن العورات. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٦/ ١١٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٦٧٠٣)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٠٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٠٠١)، والبخارى (٦٠٦٦)، وأبو داود (٤٩١٧)، وابن حبان (٥٦٨٧). وسيأتى في (١٤١٥٢، ١٧٦٨٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٦٣/ ٢٨).\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٥، ص ٦. وهو سليمان بن داود العتكى أبو الربيع الزهرانى البصرى، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٥) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٤٥٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٦٨٥)، والترمذى عقب (٢٦٣١)، والنسائى (٥٠٣٦)، وفيه: النفاق. بدلًا من: المنافق.","vol":"12","page":13},{"text":"وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن قتُيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n١١٥٧٠ - وأمّا الَّذِى رَواه نوحُ بنُ دَرّاجٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ تَغلِبَ، عن جَعفَرِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لا وصيةَ لِوارِثٍ، ولا إقرارَ بدَينِ\". فحَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدُ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ شَدّادٍ هو الخُراسانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ دَرّاجٍ. فذَكَرَه وذَكَرَ جابِرًا، قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: حدثنا به في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ ولَم يَذكُرْ جابِرًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن نوحٍ فلَم يَذكُرْ جابِرًا (^٣)، فهو مُنقَطِعٌ، وَراويه (^٤) ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِهِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ الدُّورِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: نوحُ بنُ دَرّاجٍ كَذّابٌ خَبيثٌ قَضَى سِنينَ وهو أعمَى -وقالَ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: ثلاثَ سِنينَ- وكانَ لا يُخبِرُ النّاسَ أنَّه أعمَى مِن خُبثِه. قال: ولَم يَكُنْ يَدرِى ما الحديثُ، ولا يُحسِنُ شَيئًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٣)، ومسلم (٥٩/ ١٠٧).\n(^٢) أبو محمد ابن حيان أبو الشيخ في طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان ٣/ ٥٨ موصولًا، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في تاريخ أصبهان ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٢ من طريق نوح به.\n(^٤) وهو نوح بن دراج النخعى أبو محمد الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١١٢، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٨٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٠٨: متروك، وكذبه ابن معين.\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين -برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٦٣، ٤/ ٢٩، وفيه: قضي سنتين.","vol":"12","page":14},{"text":"١١٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذَاءِ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه كان لا يُجيزُ ذَلِكَ لِلوارِثِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2568>بابٌ </span>(^٢)\n\n١١٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ -عن شُرَيحٍ- قال: شَهِدَ عِندَه رَجُلانِ؛ شَهِدَ أحَدُهُما على ألفٍ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، وشَهِدَ الآخَرُ على ألفٍ، فقَضَى عَلَيه بألفٍ، فقالَ: تَقضِى عليَّ وقَدِ اختَلَفَت شَهادَتُهُما؟ قال: قَد استَقامَت على ألفٍ. وقالَ سُلَيمانُ: إنَّهُما قَدِ اجتَمَعا على ألفٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2569>بابُ إقرارِ الوارِثِ بوارِثٍ</span>\n\n١١٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ القُرقُوبِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: كان عُتبَةُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ عَهِدَ إلَى أخيه سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ أن يَقبِضَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٢٥١) من طريق خالد بنحوه. والدارمى (٣٣٠٠) من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥. وكتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٦٦ من طريق شعبة بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":15},{"text":"إلَيه ابنَ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ، قال عُتبَةُ: إنَّه ابنِى. فلَمّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- زَمَنَ الفَتحِ أخَذَ سَعدٌ ابنَ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ، فأقبَلَ به إلَى النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، فأقبَلَ مَعَه عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذا ابنُ أخِى عَهِدَ إلَيَّ أنَّه ابنُه. قال عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذا أخِى ابنُ زَمعَةَ وَوُلِدَ على فِراشِه. فنَظَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى ابنِ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ فإِذا هو اْشبَهُ النّاسِ بعُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدَ بنَ زَمعَةَ\" مِن أجلِ أنَّه وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبيه. وقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"احتَجِبِى مِنه يا سَودَةَ بنتَ زَمعَةَ\". لِما رأى مِن شَبَهِه بعُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، وسَودَةُ بنتُ زَمعَةَ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ الحَكَمِ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ [وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى] (^٣) وأبو زكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا (^٤): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عائشةَ تَقولُ: اختَصمَ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٨٣) عن الحكم بن نافع به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٣٣). وسيأتى في (١٥٤٦١، ٢٠٥٦٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: وأبو بكر ابن الحسن القاضى و\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قالا\".","vol":"12","page":16},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وعَبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ أخِى عُتبَةَ أوصانِى فقالَ: إذا قَدِمتَ مَكَّةَ فانظُرِ ابنَ أمَةِ زَمعَةَ فاقبِضْه، فإِنَّه ابنِى. وقالَ عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أخِى وابنُ أمَةِ أبى، وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبى. فرأى رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بعُتبَةَ فقالَ: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدَ بنَ زَمعَةَ؛ الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ، واحتَجِبِى مِنه يا سَودَة\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِىِّ. رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، زادَ مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ في حَديثِه فقالَ: \"هو أخوكَ يا عبدُ\" (^٣). وهَذِه زيادَةٌ مَحفوظَة، وقَد رَواها أيضًا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأَيْلىُّ (^٤) عن الزُهرِيِّ:\n\n١١٥٧٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ صَبيحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٠٩١)، والشافعى ٢/ ٥٩، ٦٠ (٩٢ - شفاء العى)، والحميدى (٢٣٨).\nوأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨٦)، والنسائى (٣٤٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٤) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢١)، ومسلم (١٤٥٧/ ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٢٠٩١)، وأبو داود (٢٢٧٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢١٣٠).\n(^٤) ليس في: ز، ص ٦. وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٢٣٧.","vol":"12","page":17},{"text":"عَمِّى، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ قالَت: عَهِدَ عُتبَةُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ إلَى أخيه سَعدٍ أن يَقبِضَ ابنَ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ، وقالَ عُتبَةُ: إنَّه ابنِى. فلَمّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مَكَةَ زَمَنَ الفَتحِ أخَذَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ ابنَ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ فأقبَلَ به إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- وأقبَلَ مَعَه عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، فقالَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ: هذا ابنُ أخِى عَهِدَ إلَيَّ أبوه. فقالَ عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذا أخِى وُلِدَ على فِراشِه. فنَظَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إلَى ابنِ وليدَةِ زَمعَةَ فإِذا أشبَهُ الناسِ بعُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"هو لَكَ، هو أخوكَ يا عبدَ بنَ زَمعَةَ\". مِن أجلِ أنَّه وُلِدَ على فِراشِه، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"احتَجِبِى مِنه يا سَودَةُ\". لِما رأى مِن شَبَهِ عُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" قال: وقالَ اللَّيثُ: أخبرَنِى يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٢)، وذَكَرَ هذه اللَّفظَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٧٧ - وأمّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: كانَت لِزَمعَةَ جاريَةٌ يَتَّطِئُها (^٤)، وكانَ رَجُلٌ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر فتح الباري ٨/ ٢٣، ٢٤.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فذكر معناه\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٣٠٣).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تبطنها\".","vol":"12","page":18},{"text":"يَتبَعُها يُظَنُّ بها، فماتَ زَمعَةُ والجاريَةُ حُبلَى، فوَلَدَت غُلامًا يُشبِه الرَّجُلَ الَّذِى كان يُظَنُّ بها، فسألَت سَودَةُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"أمّا الميراثُ فهو له، وأمّا أنتِ فاحتَجِبِى مِنه، فإِنَّه لَيسَ لَكِ بأخٍ\" (^١). فإِسنادُ هذا الحديثِ لا يُقاومُ إسنادَ الحديثِ الأوَّلِ؛ لأنَّ الحديثَ الأوَّلَ رواتُه مَشهورونَ بالحِفظِ والفِقهِ والأمانَةِ، وعائشَةُ -﵂- تُخبِرُ عن تِلكَ القِصةِ كأنَّها شَهِدَتها، والحَديثُ الآخَرُ في رواتِه مَن نُسِبَ في آخِرِ عُمُرِه إلَى سُوءِ الحِفظِ وهو جَريرُ بن عبدِ الحَميدِ، وفيهِم مَن لا يُعرَفُ بسَبَبٍ يَثبُتُ به حَديثُه وهو يوسُفُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ (^٢)، وقَد قيلَ في غَيرِ هذا الحديثِ: عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أو الزُّبَيرِ بنِ يوسُفَ مَولًى لآلِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٣). وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ كأنَّه لَم يَشهَدِ القِصَّةَ لِصِغَرِه، فرِوايَةُ مَن شَهِدَها وجَميعُ مَن في إسنادِ حَديثِها حُفّاظٌ ثِقاتٌ مَشهورونَ بالفِقهِ والعَدالَةِ أولَى بالأخذِ بها، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بقَولِه -إن كان قالَه-: \"فإِنَّه لَيسَ لَكِ بأخٍ\" شَبَهًا، وإن كان لَكِ بحُكمِ الفِراشِ أخًا، فلا يَكونَ لِقَولِه: \"هو أخوكَ يا عبدُ\". مُخالِفًا، فقَد ألحَقَه بالفِراشِ حينَ (^٤) حَكَمَ له بالميراثِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٤٨٥)، وأبو يعلى (٦٨١٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٥٧)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٠، والحاكم ٤/ ٩٦، ٩٧، من طريق جرير به. وصححه الحاكم، ووافقه الذهبى، وعند النسائى ليس فيه ذكر الميراث.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥: \"أو الزبير بن يوسف\". وقيل فيه الاسمان، وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٧٢، وتقريب التهذيب ١/ ٦١٠ وقال فيه ابن حجر: مقبول.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٧٠٨) بنفس الإسناد.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"حتى\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حتى\".","vol":"12","page":19},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2570>كتابُ العارِيَّةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2571>بابُ ما جاءَ في جَوازِ العاريَّةِ والتَّرغيبِ فيها</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ (٤) الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ (٥) الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاءُونَ (٦) وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾ [الماعون: ٤ - ٧]\n\n١١٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: كُلُّ مَعروفٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُنّا نَعُدّ المَعروفَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- القِدرَ والدَّلوَ وأشباهَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١١٥٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ (^٢)، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: وكُنّا نَعُدُّ الماعونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- القِدرَ والدَّلوَ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١٥٨٠ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى في مسنده (٥٥٦) من طريق عفان، بلفظ الذى بعده.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الصفار\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٨٦٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٦٥٧).","vol":"12","page":21},{"text":"ابنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ في قَولِه: ﴿الْمَاعُونَ﴾ قال: هو مَنعُ الفأسِ والدَّلو (^١) والقِدرِ ونَحوها (^٢).\n\n١١٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَويُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ﴾. قال: عاريَّةُ المَتاعِ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن بَسّامٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: الماعونُ؛ الفأسُ والقِدرُ والدَّلوُ. قُلتُ: فمَن مَنَعَ هذا فلَه الوَيلُ؟! قال: لا، ولَكِن مَن جَمَعَهُنَّ فلَه الوَيلُ؛ مَن رايا في صَلاتِه وسَها عَنها ومَنَعَ هذا، فلَه الوَيلُ (^٤).\n\n١١٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان فزَعٌ بالمَدينَةِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ز.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٤/ ٨٩، والطبرانى (٩٠٠٦) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه. وتقدم في (٧٨٦٧) من وجه آخر عن ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٨٦٨) من طريق وكيع.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ٣٣٥ من طربق بسام بنحوه. وينظر الدر المنثور ١٥/ ٦٩١.","vol":"12","page":22},{"text":"فاستَعارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فرَسًا مِن أبى طَلحَةَ ويُقالُ له: المَندوبُ فرَكِبَه، فلَمّا رَجعَ قال: \"ما رأينا مِن شَئٍ، وإن وجَدناه لَبَحرًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسحاق بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ وعِندَها جاريَةٌ لَها عَلَيها دِرعُ قُطنٍ ثَمَنُه خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ، قالَت: ارفَعْ بَصرَكَ إلَى جاريَتِى انظُرْ إلَيها، فإِنَّها تُزْهَى عليّ أن تَلبَسَه في البَيتِ، وقَد كان لِى مِنهُنَّ دِرعٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، ما كانَتِ امرأةٌ تُقَيَّنُ (^٣) بالمَدينَةِ إلَّا أرسَلَت إلَىَّ تَستَعيرُه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2572>بابٌ: العاريَّةُ مُؤَدّاةٌ</span>\n\n١١٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا شُرَحبيل\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٥١)، وأبو داود (٤٩٨٨)، والترمذى (١٦٨٥)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٨٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٩٨) من طرق عن شعبة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٢٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٠٧/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) تقين: تمشط وتزين. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٧٦١) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٦٢٨)، وفيه: درع قطر. وينظر فتح البارى ٥/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"12","page":23},{"text":"ابنُ مُسلِم الخَولانِيُّ، سَمِعَ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الدَّينُ مَقضِيٌّ، والعاريةُ مُؤَدّاةٌ، والمِنحَةُ مَردودَة، والزَّعيمُ غارِمٌ\" (^١).\n\n١١٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسول اللهِ -ﷺ- استَعارَ مِن صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ أدراعًا وسِلاحًا في غَزوَةِ حُنَينٍ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أعاريَّة مُؤَدّاةٌ؟ قال: \"عاريَّةٌ مُؤَدّاةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِي أبى، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى أنَه أخبَرَه عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه عن تَفسيرِ العاريَّةِ المُؤداةِ قال: أسلَمَ قَومٌ في أيديهِم عَوارِيُّ مِنَ المُشرِكينِ، فقالوا: قَد أحرَزَ لَنا الإِسلامُ ما بأيدينا مِن عَوارِيِّ المُشرِ كينَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ الَلهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إن الإِسلامَ لا يُحرِزُ لَكُم ما لَيسَ لَكُم، العاريَّةُ مُؤَدّاة\". فأدَّى القَومُ ما بأيديهِم مِن تِلكَ العَوارِيِّ. قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٠٠)، والطيالسى (١٢٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٩٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦٥)، والترمذى (١٢٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٩٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٤٤).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى، وفيه: سنانًا. بدلًا من: سلاحًا. وأخرجه الدارقطنى\n٣/ ٣٨ من طريق إسحاق بن عبد الواحد به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢١٨: إسحاق ضعيف.","vol":"12","page":24},{"text":"عليٌّ: هذا مُرسَلٌ ولا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2573>بابٌ: العاريَّةُ مَضمونَة</span>\n\n١١٥٨٨ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قِراءَةً (^٢) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن أبيه جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سارَ إلَى حُنَينٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إلَى صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ فسألَه أدراعًا عِندَه؛ مِائَةَ دِرعٍ وما يُصلِحُها مِن عُدَّتِها، فقالَ: أغَصبًا يا محمدُ؟ فقالَ: \"بَل عاريَّةً مَضمونَةً حَتَّى نؤَدّيَها عَلَيكَ\". ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سائرًا (^٣).\n\n١١٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- استَعارَ مِنه أدراعًا (^٤) يَومَ حُنَينٍ فقالَ: أغَصبٌ يا محمدُ؟ فقالَ: \"لا،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤١.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ز.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٢٠، ١٢١، والصغرى (٢١٠١)، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٨، ٤٩، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أدرعا\".","vol":"12","page":25},{"text":"بَل عاريَّة مَضمونَةٌ\" (^١).\nورَواه قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ صَفوانَ، عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٥٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعٍ، عن عَطاء بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن ناسٍ مِن آلِ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، فقالوا: استَعارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مِن صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ سِلاحًا، فقالَ صَفوانُ: أعاريَّة أم غَصبٌ؟ فقالَ: \"بَل عاريَّةٌ\". فأعارَه ما بَينَ الثَّلاثينَ (^٣) إلَى أربَعينَ دِرعًا. قال: فغَزا رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- حُنَينًا، فلَمّا هَزَمَ اللهُ المُشرِكينَ قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"اجمَعوا أدراعَ صَفوانَ\". ففَقَدوا مِن دُروعِه أدرُعًا (^٤) قالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- لِصَفوانَ: \"إن شِئتَ غَرِمناها لَكَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ في قَلبِى اليَومَ مِنَ الإيمانِ ما لَم يَكُنْ يَومَئذٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٥٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الروذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٠٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦٢)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٧٧٩) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٩ من طريق قيس به بنحوه.\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"ثلاثين\".\n(^٤) في م: \"أدراعًا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٦٤) عن مسدد به بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٤٣).","vol":"12","page":26},{"text":"رُفَيعٍ، عن أُناسٍ مِن آلِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَفوانَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"يا صَفوانُ هَل عِندَكَ سِلاحٌ؟ \". فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^١).\n\n١١٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أعارَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سِلاحًا هِىَ ثَمانونَ دِرعًا، فقالَ له: أعاريَّةً مَضمونَةً أم غَصبًا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"بَل عاريَّةً مَضمونَةً\" (^٢).\nوبَعضُ هذه الأخبارِ وإِن كان مُرسَلًا فإِنَّه يَقوَى بشَواهِدِه مَعَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ المَوصولِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ المَعْقِلِيُّ، حدثنا الصَّغانِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"على اليَدِ ما أخَذَت حَتَّى تُؤَدّيَه\". ثُمَّ إنَّ الحَسَنَ نَسِىَ حَديثَه، فقالَ: هو أمينُكَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٦٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨١٦). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٠ من طريق أبى داود به، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٤٥٩) من طريق جرير بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (١٦٣٣) من طريق أنس بن عياض، وفيه: جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه عن صفوان.\n(^٣) في ز: \"الصنعانى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٥٩٢.","vol":"12","page":27},{"text":"لا ضَمانَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١١٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يُضَمِّنُ العاريَّةَ، وكَتَبَ إلَيَّ أن: ضَمَّنْها (^٢).\n\n١١٥٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في العاريَّةِ قال: يَغرَمُ (^٣).\n\n١١٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ صَبيحٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرمَوىُّ، أخبرَنا شافِعُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الطَّحاويُّ قال: سَمِعتُ المُزَنِيَّ يقولُ: قَرأنا على الشّافِعِىِّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ- قال أبو جَعفَرٍ: هو ابنُ السّائبِ- أن رَجُلًا استَعارَ بَعيرًا مِن رَجُلٍ فعَطِبَ، فأُتِيَ به\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٠٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٧، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨٦)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦١)، والترمذى (١٢٦٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٧٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٠) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وعند بعضهم دون قول الحسن، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨١١) من طريق ابن شريك به، دون: وكتب إلى أن: ضمنها. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٧٩١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٠٣) من طريق ابن أبى مليكة به. بنحو قوله: وكتب إلى أن: ضمنها.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٩٢) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"12","page":28},{"text":"مَروانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، فأرسَلَ مَروانُ إلَى أبى هريرةَ فسألَه فقالَ: يَغرَمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2574>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَغرَمُ</span>\n\n١١٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ (^٢) المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيُّوبَ وقَتادَةَ وحَبيبٍ ويونُسَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن شُرَيحًا قال: لَيسَ على المُستَودَعِ غَيرِ المُغِلِّ ضَمانٌ، ولا على المُستَعيرِ غَيرِ المُغِلِّ ضَمانٌ (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ عن شُرَيحٍ القاضِى مِن قَولِهِ.\n\n١١٥٩٨ - ورَواه عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ عن عَبيدَةَ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الكَوكَبِيُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ. فذَكَرَه. قال عليٌّ: عمرٌو وعَبيدَةُ ضَعيفانِ (^٤)، وإِنَّما\n_________\n(^١) السنن المأثورة (١٠٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ز، ص ٦. وتقدم في (٤١٦، ١٧١٦، ٢١٩٤، ٢٥١٩، ٣٢٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٨٢)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٣١ من طريق أيوب به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٤١ من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٤) أما عمرو بن عبد الجبار أبو معاوية السنجارى. فينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٢٨، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٨٦. وأما عبيدة بن حسان بن عبد الرحمن السنجارى. فينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٩٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٨٩، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٦٥.","vol":"12","page":29},{"text":"يُروَى عن شُرَيحٍ القاضِى غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2575>بابُ مَن بَنَى أو غَرَسَ في أرضِ غَيرِهِ</span>\n\n١١٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: مَن بَنَى في أرضِ قَومٍ بغَيرِ إذنِهِم فلَه نِقْضُه (^٢)، وإِن بَنَى بإِذنِهِم فلَه قيمَتُه (^٣).\n\n١١٦٠٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: قيمَتُه يَومَ يُخرِجُه (^٤).\n\n١١٦٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسٌ وإِسرائيلُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن شُرَيحٍ فِيمَن بَنَى في أرضِ قَومٍ بإِذنِهِم: فلَه قيمَةُ بنائهِ (^٥).\n\n١١٦٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا قَيسٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن القاسِمِ، عن شُرَيحٍ مِثلَ قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٦).\nوقَد رُوىَ فيه حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ ولا يَثبُتُ:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤١.\n(^٢) النِّقْضُ: وتضم النون، ما انهدم من البنيان. التاج ١٩/ ٨٨، ٩١ (ن ق ض).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في كتاب الخراج (٣٠٠)، وعنده: فله نفقته. بدلًا من: فله نقضه.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في كتاب الخراج (٣٠١).\n(^٥) يحيى بن آدم في كتاب الخراج (٣٠٦).\n(^٦) يحيى بن آدم في كتاب الخراج (٣٠٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١١٩ من طريق جابر به.","vol":"12","page":30},{"text":"١١٦٠٣ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا مَيمونُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ (^١)، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ أبى صابِرٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الخَفَّافُ، عن عمَرَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن بَنَى في رِباعِ (^٢) قَومٍ بإذنِهِم فلَه القيمَةُ، ومَن بَنَى بغَيرِ إذنِهِم فلَه النقضُ\" (^٣). عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ المَكِّيُّ ضَعيف لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٤)، ومَن دونَه أيضًا ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م، وحاشية س: \"مسلم\".\n(^٢) رباع: جمع ربع، وهو محلة القوم. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٦٦٩، وفيه: عطاء بن سلم. بدلًا من: عطاء بن مسلم. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٣ من طريق كثير به.\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام عليه في (٩٣٠٨).\n(^٥) تقدم الكلام على عطاء بن مسلم في (٤٩٢٨).","vol":"12","page":31},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2576>كتابُ الغَصْبِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2577>بابُ تَحريمِ الغَصبِ وأخذِ أموالِ النّاسِ بغَيِر حَقٍّ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٨، والنساء: ١٢٩]. وقالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الْأَبْصَارُ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٤٢].\n\n١١٦٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ الحافظُ (^١) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو علىٍّ الصَّوَّافُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى المَروَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن واقِدِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى وهو يقولُ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ عُمَرَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"ألا أىُّ شَهرٍ تَعلَمونَه أعظَمَ حُرمَةً؟ \". قالوا: شَهرُنا هذا. قال: \"أىُّ بَلَدٍ تَعلَمونَه أعظَمَ حُرمَةً؟ \". قالوا: بَلَدُنا هذا. قال: \"أتَعلَمونَ أيَّ يَومٍ أعظَمُ؟ \". قالوا: يَومُنا هذا. قال: \"فإِنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُم دِماءَكُم وأموالَكُم وأعراضَكُم إلَّا بحَقِّها كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم (^٢) هذا في بَلَدِكُم هذا، ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". ثَلاثًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يُجيبونَه: ألا نَعَم (^٣).\n\n١١٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن فارس بن أبى الفوارس سهل البغدادى، الحافظ أبو الفتح ابن أبى الفوارس، قال الخطيب: كان ذا حفظ ومعرفة وأمانة، مشهورًا بالصلاح، انتخب على المشايخ مات سنة (٤١٢ هـ). المنتخب (١٨)، السير ١٧/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"يومى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٢، والاعتقاد ص ٣٣٦. وفى المعرفة (٥٧٧٤) من طريق الصواف وحده.","vol":"12","page":33},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثتا أبو بكرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: ألا أيُّ بَلَدٍ؟ ألا أيُّ يَوم؟. وقالَ: ألا شَهرُنا هذا، ألا بَلَدُنا هذا، ألا يَومُنا هذا. وزادَ فيه: \"مِن شَهرِكَم هذا\". وزادَ في آخِرِه: قال: \"ويحَكُم -أو: ويلَكُم- لا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى كُفارًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعض\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن عاصِمِ ابنِ علىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ المِصرِيُّ بمَكَةَ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ الرّافِقِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ بنِ هِلالٍ القُتَبِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: لَمّا كان ذَلِكَ اليَومُ رَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ناقَتَه، ثُمَّ وقَفَ فقالَ: \"أتَدرونَ أيَّ يَومٍ هذا؟ \". فسَكَتنا حَتَّى رأينا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه سِوَى اسمِه فقالَ: \"ألَيسَ يومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". قُلنا: بَلَى، ثُمَّ قال: \"أتَدرونَ أىَّ شَهرٍ هذا؟ \". فسَكَتنا حَتَّى رأينا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه سِوَى اسمِه قال: \"ألَيسَ ذا الحِجَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٢٠). والحارث بن أبى أسامة (٧٧٦ - بغية) عن عاصم بنحوه. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٧٨)، ومسلم (٦٦/ ١٢٠)، وأبو داود (٤٦٨٦)، والنسائى (٤١٣٦)، وابن حبان (١٨٧) من طريق واقد بطرفه الأخير. وابن ماجه (٣٩٤٣) من طريق محمد أبى واقد بطرفه الأخير أيضًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٨٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"الرقى\". وهو هلال بن العلاء بن هلال بن عمر بن هلال بن أبى عطية الباهلى، أبو عمر الرقى، والنسبتان صحيحتان كما جاءت بهما كتب التراجم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الأنساب ٤/ ٤٥٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٣٤٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٣٠٩.","vol":"12","page":34},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-. قال: \"أتَدرونَ أي بَلَدٍ هذا؟ \"، فسَكَتنا حَتَّى رأينا أنَّه سَيُسَمّيه سِوَى اسمِه قال: \"ألَيسَ البَلدَةَ؟ \". فقُلنا: بلَى. قال: \"فإنَّ أموالَكم وأعْراضكُم ودِماءَكُم حَرامٌ بَينَكُم، مِثلُ يَومِكم في مِثلِ شَهرِكُم في مِثلِ بَلَدِكُم، ألَا ليُبلّغِ الشّاهِدُ الغائبَ - مَرَّتَينِ- فرُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ هو أوعَى مِن سامِعٍ\". ثُمَّ مالَ على ناقَتِه إلَى غُنَيماتٍ، فجَعَلَ يَقسِمُها بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ الشاةَ والثلاثَةِ الشاةَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ وهِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ مَولَى عامِرِ بنِ كُرَيزٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قالْ:\"لا تَحاسَدوا، ولا تَباغَضوا، ولا تَناجَشوا، ولا تَدابَروا، ولا يبعْ بَعضُكم على بَيعِ بَعضٍ، وكونوا عِبادَ اللهِ إخوانا، المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ لا يَظلِمُه ولا يَخذُلُه، ولا يَحقِرُه، التَّقوَى ههنا\". يُشيرُ إلَى صَدرِه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ: \"بحَسبِ امرئً مِنَ الشَّرِّ أن يَحقِرَ أخاه المُسلِمَ، كُل المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ حَرامٌ؟ دَمُه ومالُه وعِرضُه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٨٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٤٠٩٢)، وابن حبان (٣٨٤٨) من طريق ابن عون به، دون قوله: ثم مال ... وتقدم في (٩٦٩٨) من طريق ابن سيرين.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (١٥٥) من طريق أبى المثنى وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٣٣) من طريق داود بن قيس به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٤/ ٣٢).","vol":"12","page":35},{"text":"١١٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"لا يَحلُبَنَّ أحَدٌ (^١) ماشيَةَ غَيرِه (^٢) إلا بإِذنِه، أيُحِبُّ أحَدُكُم أن تُؤتَى مَشرُبَتُه (^٣) فتُكسَرَ خِزانته فيُنتَقَلَ طَعامُه؟ فإِنَّما يَخزُنُ لَهُم ضُروعُ مَواشيهِم أطعِمَتَهُم، فلا يَحلُبَنَّ أحَدٌ ماشيَةَ أحَدٍ إلا بإِذنِه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِيُّ الهَمَذانيُّ في المَرجِعِ مِن مَكَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ (^٦)، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شعبَةُ، حدثنا عَدِيُّ بن ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ وهو جَدُّه أبو أمِّه قال: نَهَى رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺعن النُّهبَى والمُثلَةِ (^٧). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م، وسنن ابن ماجه: \"أحدكم\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أحد\".\n(^٣) مشربته: بضم الراء وقد تفتح أى غرفته، والمشربة مكان الشرب بفتح الراء خاصة، والمشربة بالكسر إناء الشرب. فتح البارى ٥/ ٨٩.\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٩٧١، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٦٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٢٨٢). وعند أبى داود وابن حبان: فينتثل. مكان: فينتقل. وسيأتى في (١٩٦٧٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٢٦/ ١٣)، والبخارى (٢٤٣٥).\n(^٦) بعده في س: \"بن إياس\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١٨٤.\n(^٧) النهبى بضم النون: وهو أخذ المرء ما ليس له جهارًا. والمثلة بضم الميم وسكون المثلثة: هو قطع=","vol":"12","page":36},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^١).\n\n١١٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِىَّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يقولُ: \"لا يأخُذْ أحَدُكُم مَتاعَ أخيه لاعِبَ الجِدِّ (^٢)، وإذا أخَذَ أحَدُكُم عَصا أخيه فليَرُدَّها إلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦١١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ (^٤) بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"الظُّلمُ ظُلُماتٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، وأخرَجَه\n_________\n= الأعضاء من أنف وأذن ونحوها. فتح البارى ٥/ ١٢٠، ٦/ ٢٣.\nوالأثر أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٤٠) من طريق شعبة به، وفيه: النهبة. بدلًا من: النهبى. وكلاهما صحيح. ينظر التاج ٤/ ٣١٩ (ن هـ ب).\n(^١) البخارى (٢٤٧٤).\n(^٢) في س: \"أو جدًّا\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (١١٦٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٤١) عن يزيد به، وأبو داود (٥٠٠٣)، والترمذى (٢١٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به بنحوه، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٤١٨٣).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"الحافظ ثنا أبو العباس محمد\". وينظر المنتخب من السياق (٨٩٠)، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢١٠) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وسيأتى في (٢٠٤٧٩).","vol":"12","page":37},{"text":"مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ (^١).\n\n١١٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مِقسَمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"اتَّقوا الظلمَ؛ فإِن الظُّلمَ ظُلُماتٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ، واتَّقوا الشُّحَّ؛ فإِن الشُّحَّ أهلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم، حَمَلَهُم على أن سَفَكوا دِماءَهُم واستَحَلّوا مَحارِمَهُم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِى (^٣).\n\n١١٦١٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ المَكِّيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَيفِىٍّ، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بَعَثَ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ إلَى اليَمَنِ (^٤). الحديثَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"واتَّقِ دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ؛ فإنَّه لَيسَ بَينَها وبَينَ اللَّهِ حِجابٌ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٤٤٧)، ومسلم (٢٥٧٩/ ٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٤٨٨) عن عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى به. وأحمد (١٤٤٦١) من طريق داود بن قيس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٧٨/ ٥٦).\n(^٤) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فذكر\".\n(^٥) أحمد (٢٠٧١)، وعنه أبو داود (١٥٨٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٢٥)، والنسائى (٢٥٢١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٦) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (٧٣٥٢) من طريق زكريا.\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٤٤٨)، ومسلم (١٩).","vol":"12","page":38},{"text":"١١٦١٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ سنةَ أربَعينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرً الغِفارِيِّ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن اللهِ ﷿ أنَه قال: \"إنِّى حَرَّمتُ الظُّلمَ على نَفسِى وجَعَلتُه بَينَكُم مُحَرَّمًا فلا تَظَالَموا، يا عِبادِى إنَّكُمُ الذينَ تُخطِئونَ باللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ وأنا الَّذِى أغفِرُ الذنوبَ ولا أُبالِى، فاستَغفِرونِى أغفِرْ لَكُم، يا عِبادِى كُلُّكُم جائعٌ إلا مَن أطعَمتُ (^١)، فاستَطعِمونى أُطعِمْكُم، يا عِبادِى كُلُّكُم عارٍ إلا مَن كَسَوتُ (^٢)، فاستَكسونِى أكسُكُم، يا عِبادِى لَو أن أوَّلَكُم وآخِرَكُم وإنسَكُم وجِنَّكُم كانوا على أتقَى قَلبِ رَجُلٍ مِنكُم لَم يَزِدْ ذَلِكَ في مُلكِى شَيئًا، يا عِبادِى لَو أن أوَّلكَم وآخِرَكُم وإنسَكُم وجِنَّكُم كانوا على أفجَرِ قَلبِ رَجُلٍ مِنكُم لَم يَنقُصْ ذَلِكَ مِن مُلكِى شَيئًا، يا عِبادِى لَو أن أوَّلُكُم وآخِرَكُم وإنسَكُم وجِنَّكُم اجتَمَعوا في صَعيدٍ واحِدٍ فسألونِى ثُمَّ أعطَيتُ كُلَّ إنسانٍ مِنهُم ما سألَ لَم يَنقُصْ ذَلِكَ مِن مُلكِى شَيئًا إلا كما يَنقُصُ البحرُ يُغمَسَ فيه المِخْيَطُ غَمسَةً واحِدَةً، يا عِبادِى إنَّما هِىَ أعمالُكُم أحفَظُها عَلَيكُم، فمَن وجَدَ خَيرًا فليَحمَدِ اللَّهَ، ومَن وجَدَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ يَلومَن إلا نَفسَه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، وصحيح مسلم: \"أطعمته\".\n(^٢) في ص ٦: \"كسوته\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٦٢٧)، ومعجم ابن الأعرابى (١٢٢٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦١٩) من طريق أبى مسهر به.","vol":"12","page":39},{"text":"إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيِّ عن أبى مُسهِرٍ (^١).\n\n١١٦١٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قال: أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"أتَدرونَ مَنِ (^٢) المُفلِسُ؟ \". قالو ا: المُفلِسُ فينا مَن لا دِرهَمَ له ولا مَتاعَ. فقالَ: \"إن المُفلِسَ مِن أُمَّتِى يأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ بصَلاة وصيامٍ وزَكاة، ويأتِى قَد شَتَمَ هذا، وقَذَفَ هذا، وأكَلَ مالَ هذا، وسَفَكَ دَمَ هذا، وضَرَبَ هذا، فيُعطَى هذا مِن حَسَناتِه، وهَذا مِن حَسَناته، فإِن فنِيَت حَسَناتُه قبلَ أن يُقضَى (^٣) ما عَلَيه أُخِذَ مِن خَطاياهُم فطُرِحَت عَلَيه، ثُمَّ طُرِحَ في النّارِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلا أن في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: \"فيقضَى هذا مِن حَسَناتِه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ عن قتُيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n\n١١٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٥٧٧) عقب (٥٥).\n(^٢) في حاشية الاصل: \"بخطه: ما\" وكتب فوقها: ص خ، وكتب بعدها: \"صح\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عنه\".\n(^٤) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٢٦٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٤٢). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٤١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٤١١) من طريق العلاء به. وعندهم ما عدا أحمد: \"من يأتى\" كرواية الصحيح.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٥٨١/ ٥٩).","vol":"12","page":40},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"لَتُؤَدُّنَّ الحُقوقَ (^١) إلَى أهلِها يَومَ القيامَةِ، حَتَّى يقادَ لِلشّاةِ الجَلحاءِ (^٢) مِنَ الشّاةِ القَرناءِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n١١٦١٧ - حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ﴾ [الزمر: ٣٠]. قال الزُّبَيرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُكَرَّرُ عَلَينا ما يَكونُ بَينَنا مَعَ خَواصِّ الذُّنوبِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، لَتُكَرَّرَنَّ عَلَيكُمُ حَتَّى يُرَدَّ إلَى كُلِّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقُّه\". قال الزُّبَيرُ: واللَّهِ إنَّ الأمرَ لَشَديدٌ (^٥).\n\n١١٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: لا يجوز: لتؤدن الحقوق. بفتح الدال وضم الحقوق؛ لأن الوجه في ذلك لتؤدّيَن. فاعلم ... \".\n(^٢) في حاشية س، ونسخة في حاشية م: \"الجماء\". وهما بمعنى كما في صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٦/ ١٣٧.\nوالجلحاء: هى التى لا قرن لها. النهاية ١/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٣) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٢٨٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٤٧). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٢٠) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٨٢/ ٦٠).\n(^٥) معجم ابن الأعرابى (١٣٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤)، والترمذى (٣٢٣٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"12","page":41},{"text":"حدثنا بُرَيدٌ، عن جَدِّه أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إن اللَّهَ لَيُملِى الظّالِمَ (^١)، حَتَّى إذا أخَذَه لَم يُفلِتْه\". ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ﴾ (^٢) [هود: ١٠٢] رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2578>بابُ نَصرِ المَظلومِ والأخذِ على يَدِ الظّالِمِ عِندَ الإِمكانِ</span>\n\n١١٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى (^٤) الشَعثاءِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سوَيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: أمَرَنا بسَبعٍ ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ - يَعنِى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجِنازَةِ، وإِفشاءِ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإِبرارِ المُقسِمِ، ونَهانا عن الشُّربِ في (^٥) الفِضَّةِ؛ فإِنَّه (^٦) مَن يَشرَبْ فيها في الدُّنيا لا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦: \"للظالم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٤٦٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣١١٠)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٢٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠١٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٦٨٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٣/ ٦١).\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"آنية\".\n(^٦) في ص ٦: \"قال\".","vol":"12","page":42},{"text":"يَشرَبْ فيها في الآخِرَةِ، وعن التَخَتُّمِ بالذَّهَبِ، وعن رُكوبِ المَياثِرِ، ولِباسِ القَسَىِّ والحَريرِ والدّيباجِ والإِستَبرَقِ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الشَّيبانىِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النّمَيرِيُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ قال: قال أنَسٌ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"انصُرْ أخاكَ ظالِمًا أو مَظلومًا\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ نَصَرتُه مَظلومًا، فكَيفَ أنصُرُه ظالِمًا؟! قال: \"تَمنَعُه مِنَ الظُّلمِ، فذَلِكَ نَصرُكَ إيّاه\" (^٣)\n\n١١٦٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا على بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"انصُرْ أخاكَ ظالِمًا أو مَظلومًا\". فَقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هذا نَنصرُه مَظلومًا، فكَيفَ نَنصرُه ظالِمًا؟! قال: \"تأخُذُ فوقَ يَدَيه\". رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦١٣٥، ٦١٣٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٣٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦).\n(^٣) أحاديث ابن ملاس (٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٧٩)، والترمذى (٢٢٥٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٦٧) من طرق عن حميد به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٤٤).","vol":"12","page":43},{"text":"الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ لِلمُؤمِنِ كالبُنيانِ يَشُدُّ بَعضُه بَعضًا\". وشَبَّكَ بَينَ أصابِعِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ، لا يَظلِمُه ولا يُسلِمُه، مَن كان في حاجَةِ أخيه كان اللَّهُ ﷿ في حاجَتِه، ومَن فرَّجَ عن مُسلِم كُربَةً فرَّجَ اللهُ عنه بها كُربَةً مِن كُرَبِ يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَن سَتَرَ مُسلِمًا سَتَرَه اللَّهُ ﷿ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n١١٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثثا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (١١٢). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٢٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣١) من طريق أبى أسامة به، وليس عندهما: وشبك بين أصابعه. وأحمد (١٩٦٦٧) مطولًا، والنسائى (٢٥٥٩) من طريق بريد بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٤٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٥/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٤٦)، وأبو داود (٤٨٩٣)، والترمذى (١٤٢٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٢٩١)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٤٢)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٠/ ٥٨).","vol":"12","page":44},{"text":"الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يقولُ: \"مَن رأى مِنكم مُنكَرًا فليغَيِّرْه بيَدِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ فبِلِسانِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ فبِقَلبِه، وذَلِكَ أضعَفُ الإيمانِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ الدَّشتَكِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن مُحارِبٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ لَقِيَه النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: \"أخبِرنِى بأعجَبِ شَئٍ رأيتَه بأرضِ الحَبَشَةِ\". قال: مَرَّتِ امرأةٌ على رأسِها مِكتَلٌ فيه طَعامٌ، فمَرَّ بها رَجُلٌ على فرَسٍ فأصابَها فرَمَى به، فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ إلَيها وهِىَ تُعيدُه فى مِكتَلِها وهِىَ تَقولُ: ويلٌ لَكَ يَومَ يَضَعُ المَلِكُ كُرسيَّه فيأخُذُ لِلمَظلومِ مِنَ الظّالِمِ. فضحِكَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه، فقالَ: \"كَيفَ تقَدَّسُ أمَّةٌ لا تأخذ لِضَعيفِها مِن شَديدِها حَقَّه وهو غَيرُ مُتَعتَع (^٣)؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٦٠)، والترمذى (٢١٧٢)، والنسائى (٥٠٢٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦) من طريق الثورى به مختصرًا ومطولًا. وتقدم فى (٦٢٧١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩/ ٧٨).\n(^٣) متعتع: بفتح التاء، أى من غير أن يصيبه أذى يقلقه ويزعجه. النهاية ١/ ١٩٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى السنة (٥٨٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٢٢٨).","vol":"12","page":45},{"text":"١١٦٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى سَعدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١١٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الطَّفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو الفُقَيمِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا رأيتُم أُمَّتِى لا تَقولُ لِلظّالِمِ: أنتَ ظالِمٌ. فقَد تُوُدِّعَ مِنهُم\" (^٢). محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ هذا هو أبو الزُّبَيرِ ولَم يَسمَعْ مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: أبو الزُّبَيرِ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٢٨ - وبِصِحَّةِ ذَلِكَ أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٤٤٦٤)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٢٣٤) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٥٤٦)، وفيه: مانى. بدلًا من: ماتى وهو خطأ؛ ينظر توضيح المشتبه ٨/ ٥.\nوأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٧٦) من طريق سفيان به، وفيه: يقولون. بدلًا من: يقول.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين - الدورى ٣/ ١٣٥.","vol":"12","page":46},{"text":"شَبابَةُ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2579>بابُ رَدِّ المَغصوبِ إذا كان باقيًا</span>\n\n١١٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"على اليَدِ ما أخَذَت حَتَّى تُؤَدّيَه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2580>بابُ رَدِّ قيمَتِه إن كان مِن ذَواتِ القيَمِ أو رَدِّ مِثلِه إن كان مِن ذَواتِ الأمثالِ، إذا أتلَفَه الغاصِبُ أو تَلِفَ فى يَدَيهِ</span>\n\n١١٦٣٠ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، صْ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٥٤٧)، وفيه: ابن شهاب. بدلًا من: أبو شهاب، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢١٣٥، وفيه: عمر بن بكار. بدلًا من: محمد بن بكار، ومحمد بن سعيد بن غالب. بدلًا من: محمد بن عيد الله المنادى، وعمر بن شعيب. بدلًا من: عمرو بن شعيب، وابن الزبير. بدلًا من: أبى الزبير. وهذه كلها تصحيفات. وأخرجه أبو الشيخ فى أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر (٦٣) من طريق شبابة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٦٣٨) عن محمد بن المنهال به. وتقدم فى (١١٥٩٣).","vol":"12","page":47},{"text":"\"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ فكانَ له ما (^١) يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَ العَبدِ، قُوِّمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ العَدلِ، فأُعطِىَ شُرَكاؤُه حِصَصَهُم وعَتَقَ عَلَيه العَبدُ، وِإلا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\" (^٢). اتَّفَقا على إخراجِه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ (^٤)، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان عِندَ بَعضِ نِسائِه، فأرسَلَت إحدَى أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ مَعَ خادِمٍ بقَصعَةٍ فيها طَعامٌ، فضَرَبَت (^٥) بيَدِه فكَسَرَتِ القَصعَةَ، فضَمَّها وجَعَلَ فيها الطَّعامَ، وقالَ: \"كُلوا\". وحَبَسَ الرَّسولَ والقَصعَةَ حَتَّى فرَغوا، فدَفَعَ القَصعَةَ الصَّحيحَةَ إلَى الرَّسولِ وحَبَسَ المَكسورَةَ (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مال\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٧٧٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٩٧)، وأبو داود (٣٩٤٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٨)، وابن حبان (٤٣١٦). وسيأتى فى (٢١٣٦١ - ٢١٣٦٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠١/ ١).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٥، م: \"بكير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٥) يعنى التى كان عندها رسول الله - ﷺ -، كما تبين الروايات الأخرى فى المسند وغيره، وكما فى الخبر الذى بعده.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٧٢) عن عبد الله بن بكر به بنحوه. وأبو داود (٣٥٦٧) عن مسدد به. الترمذى (١٣٥٩)، والنسائى (٣٩٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٤) من طريق حميد به بنحوه.\n(^٧) البخارى (٢٤٨١).","vol":"12","page":48},{"text":"١١٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عِندَ بَعضِ نِسائِه، فأرسَلَت إحدَى أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ بصَحفَةٍ فيها طَعامٌ، فضَرَبَتِ التى فى بَيتِها يَدَ الخادِمِ فسَقَطَتِ الصَّحفَةُ فانفَلَقَت، فجَمَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ الفَلقَتَينِ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَجعَلُ فيها (^١) الطَّعامَ الَذِى كان فى الصَّحفَةِ، ويَقولُ: \"غارَت أُمُّكُم\". وحَبَسَ الخادِمَ حَتَّى أُتِىَ بصَحفَةٍ مِن عِندِ التى هو فى بَيتِها، فدَفَعَ الصَّحفَةَ الصَّحيحَةَ إلَى التى كُسِرَت صَحفَتُها، وأمسَكَ المَكسورَةَ فى بَيتِ التى كَسَرَت (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" بهَذا اللَّفظِ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\nقال بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ: الصَّحفَتانِ جَميعًا كانَتا لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فى بَيتَى زَوجَتَيه، ولَم يَكُنْ هُناكَ تَضمينٌ، إلَّا أنَّه عاقَبَ الكاسِرَةَ بتَركِ المَكسورَةِ فى بَيتِها ونَقْلِ الصَّحيحَةِ إلَى بَيتِ صاحِبَتِها، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى فُلَيتٌ، عن جَسرَةَ بنتِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فيهما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٥١٧ (٢٣٥) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٢٢٥).","vol":"12","page":49},{"text":"دَجاجَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما رأيتُ صانِعَةَ طَعامٍ مِثلَ صَفيَّةَ، بَعَثَت إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بإِناءٍ فيه طَعامٌ، فضَرَبتُه بيَدِى فكَسَرتُه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما كَفّارَةُ هَذا؟ قال: \"إناءٌ مَكانَ إناءِ، وطَعامٌ مَكانَ طَعامِ\" (^١). فُلَيتٌ العامِرِىُّ وجَسرَةُ بنتُ دَجاجَةَ فيهِما نَظَرٌ (^٢)، ثُمَّ تأويلُ الخَبَرِ ما مَضَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوروَّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال فى الرَّجُلِ تُستَهلَكُ له الحِنطَةُ: إن على صاحِبِه له طَعامًا مِثلَ طَعامِه، وكيلًا مِثلَ كَيلِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2581>بابَّ: لا يَملِكُ أحَدَّ بالجِنايَةِ شَيئًا جَنَى عَلَيه، إلا أن يَشاءَ هو والمالِكُ</span>\n\n١١٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدّيلِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٦٨) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (٢٥١٥٥)، والنسائى (٣٩٦٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أفلت بن خليفة العامرى ويقال: الذهلى، ويقال: الهذلى. أبو حسان الكوفى، يقال: له: فليت. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦٧، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٣٤٦، والثقات لابن حبان ٦/ ٨٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٣٢٠. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١١٤: صدوق.\nوجسرة بنت دجاجة العامرية الكوفية. ينظر الكلام عليها فى: الثقات ٤/ ١٢١، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٤٣، والإصابة ١٣/ ٢٦٢. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٧٤٤: مقبولة.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٧٩).","vol":"12","page":50},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ،\nوفيه:\"لا يَحِلٌ لامرِىُّ مِن مالِ أخيه إلا ما أعطاه مِن (^١) طيبِ نَفسٍ، ولا تَظلِموا، ولا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى كُفّارًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمارَةَ بنَ حارِثَةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ يَثرِبِىٍّ الضَّمْرِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ خُطبَةَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بمِنًى، فكانَ فيما خَطَبَ به قال: \"ولا يَحِل لأحَدٍ مِن مالِ أخيه إلا ما طابَت به نَفسُه\". فلَمّا سَمِعَه قال ذَلِكَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ لَو لَقِيتُ غَنَمَ ابنِ عَمِّى فأخَذتُ مِنه شاةً فاجتَزَرتُها فعَلَىَّ فى ذَلِكَ شَئٌ؟ قال: \"إن لَقِيتَها نَعجَةً تَحمِلُ شَفرَةً وزِنادًا بخَبتِ الجَميشِ فلا تَمَسَّها (^٣) \". قيلَ: هِىَ أرضٌ بَينَ مَكَّةَّ والجارِ (^٤)، أرضٌ لَيسَ بها أنيسٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٥: \"عن\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عن\"\n(^٢) المصنف فى الاعتقاد ص ٢٩٦ بالإسنادين، والدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٩ بالإسناد الثانى، والحاكم ١/ ٩٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٦)، والبخارى (١٧٣٩) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) الشفرة: السكين. والزناد: المقدحة التى تشعل النار، وخبت الجميش: صحراء بين مكة والحجاز. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٤٧، ٤٤٨.\n(^٤) الجار: مدينة على بحر القلزم بينها وبين المدينة يوم وليلة، ترفأ إليها السفن من أرض الحبشة ومصر وعدن وفجد. مراصد الاطلاع ١/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٣٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٨٣) عن أبى عامر به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٢٦: عبد الملك ثقة.","vol":"12","page":51},{"text":"١١٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ عُبَيدَةَ، أخبرَنِى صَدَقَةُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى خُطبَةِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وَسْطَ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ فى حَجَّتِه وقالَ فيها: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، مَن كانَت عِندَه وديعَةٌ فليَرُدَّها إلَى مَنِ ائتَمَنَه عَلَيها، أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لامرِىُّ مِن مالِ أخيه شَئٌ إلا ما طابَت به نَفسُه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعْلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵄ - قالَت: كان لأبِى بكرٍ غُلامٌ يُخرِجُ له الخَراجَ، وكانَ أبو بكرٍ يأكُلُ مِن خَراجِه، فجاءَ يَومًا\n_________\n(^١) كتب فى الأصل فوق الحديث فى أوله: \"لا\". وفى آخره: \"إلى\". ثم كتب فى الحاشية: \"ضرب على المعلم عليه بـ: لا إلى فى أصل المؤلف والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٧ عن أبى محمد وحده. وأخرجه البزار (٦١٣٥)، والرويانى (١٤١٦) من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به مطولًا. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٢٦: موسى ضعيف. وينظر ما تقدم فى (٩٧٦٨).","vol":"12","page":52},{"text":"بشَئٍ فأكَلَ مِنه أبو بكرٍ، فقالَ له الغُلامُ: أتَدرِى ما هَذا؟ فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: وما هوَ؟ قال: كُنتُ يكَهَّنتُ لإِنسانٍ فى الجاهِليَّةِ وما أُحسِن الكِهانَةَ إلّا أنِّى خَدَعتُه، فلَقِيَنِى فأعطانِى بذَلِكَ، فهَذا الَّذِى أكَلتَ مِنه، فأدخَلَ أبو بكرٍ يَدَه فقاءَ كُلَّ شَئٍ فى بَطنِهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، وإِنَّما الاختِلافُ فى الإِسنادِ، أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n١١٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وأحمَدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ الجَرمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ قال: صَنَعَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مِن قُرَيشٍ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طَعامًا فدَعَته وأصحابَه. قال: فذَهَبَ بى أبى مَعَه. قال: فجَلَسنا بَينَ يَدَى آبائِنا مَجالِسَ الأبناءِ مِن آبائِهِم، قال: فلَم يأكُلوا حَتَّى رأوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أكَلَ، فلَمّا أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لُقمَتَهُ رَمَى بها، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنِّى لأجِدُ طَعمَ لَحمِ شاةٍ ذُبِحَت بغَيرِ إذنِ صاحِبِها\". فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخِى وأنا مِن أعَزِّ النّاسِ عَلَيه، ولَو كان خَيرًا مِنها لَم يُغَيِّرْ (^٣) علىَّ، وعَلَىَّ أن أُرضيَه بأفضَلَ مِنها. فأبَى أن يأكُلَ مِنها، وأمرَ بالطَّعامِ لِلأُسارَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٧٧٠) عن ابن بشران وحده. وأخرجه أبو نجم فى معرفة الصحابة (١١٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى أويس، وفيه: عبيد الله بن عمر. بدلًا من: يحى بن سعيد.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٨٤٢).\n(^٣) فى المهذب، وسنن الدارقطنى: \"يغبر\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٦. وتقدم فى (١٠٩٢٧). وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٢٧: سنده جيد.","vol":"12","page":53},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهَذا لأنَّه كان يَخشَى عَلَيه الفَسادَ وصاحِبُها كان غائبًا، فرأى مِنَ المَصلَحَةِ أن يُطعِمَها الأُسارَى واللَّهُ أعلمُ ثُمَّ يَضمَنَ (^١) لِصاحِبِها.\n\n١١٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍ وعثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَجعَلونَ فى كُلِّ بَهيمَةٍ أُصيبَت ما بَينَ قيمَةِ البَهيمَةِ صَحيحَةَ العَينِ ومُصابَةَ العَينِ، وكُلُّ ما أُصيبَ مِنَ البَهيمَةِ فعَلَى قَدرِ ذَلِكَ.\nقال عيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ: فأمّا جِراحُ العَبدِ، فإِنَّهُم يَجعَلونَ جِراحَ العَبدِ تُجرَى (^٢) جِراحُه كُلُّها فى قيمَتِه يَومَ يُصابُ، كما تُجرَى (^٣) جِراحُ الحُرِّ فى ديَتِهِ.\n\n١١٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِم الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: فى عَينِ الدّابَّةِ رُبُعُ ثَمَنِها (^٣). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تُضمن\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"يجرى\"، وفى ز: \"تجزى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٨٤٠) من طريق أيوب عن أبى قلابة عن أبى المهلب عن عمر به.","vol":"12","page":54},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ عن عُمَرَ أنَّه كَتَبَ به إلى شُرَيحٍ (^١)، وهو أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ. ورَواه جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢) - عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن شُرَيحٍ أن عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَيه بذَلِكَ (^٣). ورَواه مُجالِدٌ عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى شُرَيحٍ. وهو مُنقَطِعٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2582>بابُ التَّشديدِ فى غَصْبِ الأراضِى، وتَضمينِها بالغَصبِ</span>\n\n١١٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ قالط: قَرأناه على أبى إليَمانِ، أن شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمزَةَ أخبَرَه، عن الزّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى طَلحَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ سَهلٍ أخبَرَه، أن سعيدَ بنَ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن ظَلَمَ مِنَ الأرضِ شَيئًا فإنَّه يُطَوَّقُه مِن سَبعِ أرَضينَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىّ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٩٦١) عن النخعى بلفظ: كان فيما جاء به عروة البارقى من عند عمر إلى شريح فى عين الدابة. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (١٦٣٩٥).\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٦٣٩٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ١٩٢، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٥٤٨٤) من طريق مجالد بنحوه.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١٠٧)، والمعرفة عقب (٣٦٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤١) عن أبى اليمان به. والترمذى (١٤١٨)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٥) من طريق الزهرى به بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٤٥٢).","vol":"12","page":55},{"text":"١١٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ طَيفورٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن عباسِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اقتَطَعَ شِبرًا مِنَ الأرضِ ظُلمًا طَوَّقَه اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن سَبعِ أرَضينَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىَّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن أروَى بنتَ أوسٍ ادَّعَت على سعيدِ ابنِ زَيدٍ أنَّه أخَذَ شَيئًا مِن أرضها، فخاصَمَته إلَى مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، فقالَ سعيدٌ: أنا كُنتُ آخُذُ مِن أرضها بعدَ (^٣) الَّذِى سَمِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟! فقالَ: وما (^٤) سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أخَذَ شِبرًا مِنَ الأرضِ يَعنِى ظُلمًا طُوَّقَه (^٥) إلَى سَبعِ أرَضينَ\". فقالَ له مَروانُ: لا أسألُكَ بَيِّنَةً بعدَ هذا. فَقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إن كانَت كاذِبَةً فأعمِ بَصَرَها واقتُلْها فى أرضها. قال: فما ماتَت حَتَّى ذَهَبَ بَصَرُها، فبَينا هِىَ تَمشِى فى أرضها إذ وقَعَت فى حُفرَةٍ فماتَت (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ،\n_________\n(^١) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣٠٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦١٠/ ١٣٧).\n(^٣) فى م، ومسند أبى يعلى: \"شيئًا بعد\".\n(^٤) فى ص ٦، م: \"ماذا\".\n(^٥) فى س: \"طوقه الله يوم القيامة\"، وفى ز: \"طوقه الله\".\n(^٦) أبو يعلى (٩٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٣) من طريق هشام به دون ذكر القصة.","vol":"12","page":56},{"text":"وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n١١٦٤٤ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنِى سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّه دَخَلَ على عائشةَ وهو يُخاصِمُ فى أرضٍ فقالَت: يا أبا سلمةَ اجتَنِبِ الأرضَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن ظَلَمَ (^٢) قِيدَ شِبرٍ مِن أرضٍ طُوَّقَه يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن سَبعِ أرَضينَ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا حَربٌ، عن يَحيَى قال: حَدَّثِنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أن أبا سلمةَ حَدَّثَه، وكانَ بَينَه وبَينَ أُناسٍ خُصومَةٌ فى أرضٍ، وأنَّه دَخَلَ على عائشةَ فذَكَرَ لَها ذَلِكَ، فقالَت: يا أبا سلمةَ اجتَنِبِ الأرضَ؛ [فإِنَّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٤) - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ظَلَمَ قِيدَ شِبرٍ (^٥) مِنَ أرضِ (^٦) طوِّقَه مِن سَبعِ أرَضينَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٧). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦١٠/ ١٣٩)، والبخارى (٣١٩٨).\n(^٢) بعده فى ص ٥: \"من الأرض\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٥٣) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فإن رسول الله - ﷺ -\".\n(^٥) بعده فى س: \"من الأرض شبرًا\".\n(^٦) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الأرض\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٤٣) من طريق حرب به.","vol":"12","page":57},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَربِ بنِ شَدّادٍ وأبانِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن يَحيَى واستَشهَدَ بهِما (^١).\n\n١١٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أخَذَ شِبرًا مِنَ الأرضِ بغَيرِ حَقَّه، طوِّقَه مِن سَبعِ أرَضينَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَك أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ (^٤)، حدثنا الصوفىُّ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ (^٥) بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ يَعنِى أبا خَيثَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ حَيَّانَ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الطُّفَيلِ عامِرُ بنُ واثِلَةَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ علىَّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، فأتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ما كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُسِرُّ إلَيكَ؟ قال: فغَضِبَ وقالَ: ما كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُسِرُّ إلَىَّ شَيئًا كَتَمَه النّاسَ غَيرَ أنَّه حَدَّثَنِى بكَلِماتٍ أربَعٍ. قال: فقالَ (^٦): ما هُنَّ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦١٢)، والبخارى (٢٤٥٣، ٣١٩٥).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٥٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٠٤٤) من طريق وهيب به. وابن حبان (٥١٦١) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦١١/ ١٤١).\n(^٤) زيادة من: ص ٥، ص ٦، م.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٥، ز: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١.\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"فقلت\".","vol":"12","page":58},{"text":"\"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَن لَعَنَ والِدَه، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَن ذَبَحَ لِغَيرِ اللَّهِ، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَن آوَى مُحدِثًا، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَن غَيَّرَ مَنارَ الأرضِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى الحَسَنِ الخُسرَوجِردِىِّ، رَواه مسلمٌ عن سُرَيجٍ وأبِى خَيثَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2583>بابٌ: لَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ</span>\n\n١١٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه ن عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِىَ له، ولَيسَ لِعرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقُّ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِىَ له، ولَيسَ لِعوقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\". قال: فاحْتَصمَ رَجُلانِ مِن بَياضَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غَرَسَ أحَدُهُما نَخلًا فى أرضِ الآخَرِ، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِصاحِبِ الأرضِ بأرضِه، وأمَرَ صاحِبَ النَّخلِ أن يُخرِجَ نَخلَه مِنها. قالَ: قال\n_________\n(^١) منار الأرض: العلم والحد بين الأرضين. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٤٠.\nوالحديث عند أبى يعلى (٦٠٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٤٣٤) من طريق منصور بن حيان بنحوه. وابن حبان (٦٦٠٤) من طريق أبى الطفيل بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٣/ ١٩٧٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٧٣). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٧٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٧٦١) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٨).","vol":"12","page":59},{"text":"عُروَةُ: فلَقَد أخبرَنِى الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى قال: رأيتُها وإِنَّه لَيُضرَبُ فى أُصولِها بالفُئوسِ وإِنَّه لَنَخلٌ عُمٌّ (^١) حَتَّى أُخرِجَت (^٢).\n\n١١٦٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: فلَقَد حَدَّثَنِى صاحِبُ هذا الحديثِ أنَّه أبصَرَ رَجُلَينِ مِن بَياضَةَ يَختَصمانِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١١٦٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىَّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا وهبٌ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلّا أنَّه قال عِندَ قَولِه مَكانَ: الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى هذا. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - - وأكبَرُ ظَنَّى أنَّه أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ -: فأنا رأيتُ الرَّجُلَ يَضرِبُ فى أُصولِ النَّخلِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2584>بابُ مَن غَصَبَ لَوحًا فأدخَلَه فى سَفينَةٍ أو بَنَى عَلَيه جِدارًا</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ عن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -: \"على اليَدِ ما أخَذَت حَتَّى تُؤَدّيَه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عمٌّ: أى تامة فى طولها والتفافها، واحدتها عميمة، وأصلها: عمم. فسكن وأدغم. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١١)، ويحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٢٧٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٧٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق بنحوه. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٨٤)، وفيه: \"ابن شهاب\" بدلًا من: \"أبو شهاب\"، ويحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٢٧٤).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٠٧٥).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١١٥٩٣، ١١٦٢٩).","vol":"12","page":60},{"text":"١١٦٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِىُّ وأبو صادِقٍ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ ابنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُهَيلٌ هو ابنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرِئ أن يأخذَ عَصا أخيه بغَيرِ طيبِ نَفسِه\". وذَلِكَ لِشِدَّةِ ما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷿ مالَ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ (^١). عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ هو ابنُ سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ، وسَعدُ بنُ مالكٍ هو أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ.\nورَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ عن سُلَيمانَ فقالَ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سعيدٍ (^٢). ورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الحَسَنِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ حارِثَةَ الضمرِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَثرِبِىٍّ على اللَّفظِ الَّذِى مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣). وفيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: الحديثُ عِندِى حَديثُ سُهَيلٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٧٨) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى الشعب (٥٤٩٣) من طريق ابن أبى أويس، وفيه: عبد الرحمن بن سعد. وأحمد (٢٣٦٠٥) من طريق أخرى عن سليمان به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١١٦٣٥).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى عقب (٢١١٣).","vol":"12","page":61},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ نُعمانَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ (^١)، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يأخُذْ أحَدُكُم مَتاعَ صاحِبِه لاعِبًا جادًّا، فإِذا أخَذَ أحَدُكُم عَصا أخيه فليَرُدَّهما إلَيه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُرفِىَّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه، عن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يأخُذْ أحَدُكُم مَتاعَ أخيه لاعِبًا ولا جادًّا، فإِذا أخَذَ أحَدُكُم عَصا أخيه فليَرُدَّها إلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n١١٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَبّانَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن علىَّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى حُرَّةَ الرَّقاشِىَّ، عن عَمِّه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ مالُ امرئٍ مُسلِمٍ إلا بطيبِ نَفسٍ مِنه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2585>بابُ مَن غَصَبَ جاريَةً فباعَها ثُمَّ جاءَ رَبُّ الجاريَةِ</span>\n\n١١٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) فى ز: \"سليمان\". وتقدم في (١٤٩، ٢٢٥، ١٥٨٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١١٦١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٤٩٢). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (١٥٧٠) عن عبد الأعلى به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٩٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة بنحوه ضمن حديث خطبة الوداع الطويل.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"الصفار\".","vol":"12","page":62},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن موسَى بنِ السّائبِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: طمَن وجَدَ مالَه عِندَ رَجُلٍ فهو أحَقُّ به، ويَتبَعُ البَيَّعُ مَن باعَه\" (^١).\n\n١١٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن الحَسَنِ أن رَجُلًا باعَ جاريَةً لأبيه وأبوه غائبٌ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ أبَى أبوه أن يُجيزَ بَيعَه وقَد ولَدَت مِنَ المُشتَرِى، فاختَصَموا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقَضَى لِلرَّجُلِ بجاريَتِه، وأمَرَ المُشتَرِىَ أن يأخُذَ بَيَّعَه بالخَلاصِ (^٢). فلَزِمَه، فقالَ أبو البائعِ: مُرْه فليُخَلَّ عن ابنِى. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: وأنتَ فخَلَّ عن ابنِهِ.\n\n١١٦٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا مُطَرَّفٌ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىَّ فى رَجُلٍ وجَدَ جاريَتَه فى يَدِ رَجُلٍ قَد ولَدَت مِنه، فأقامَ البَيَّنَةَ أنَّها جاريَتُه وأقامَ الَّذِى فى يَدِه الجاريَةُ البَيَّنَةَ أنَّه اشتَراها، فقالَ: قال على: يأخُذُ صاحِبُ الجاريَةِ جاريَتَه، ويُؤخَذُ البائعُ بالخَلاصِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١١٣٨٦) من طريق عمرو بن عون بنحوه.\n(^٢) الخلاص: الرجوع بالثمن على البائع إذا كانت العين مستحقة وقد قبض ثمنها. النهاية ٢/ ٦٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٧٩٨) من طريق مطرف به نحوه.","vol":"12","page":63},{"text":"١١٦٥٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: لَيسَ الخَلاصُ بشَئٍ، مَن باعَ ما لا يَملِكُ فهو لِصاحِبِه، ويَتبَعُ المُشتَرِى البائعَ بما أعطاه، ولَيسَ على البائعِ أكثَرُ مِن أن يَرُدَّ ما أخَذَ، ولا يُؤخَذُ بغَيرِهِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: مَن شَرَطَ الخَلاصَ فهو أحمَقُ، سَلَّمْ ما بعتَ أو رُدَّ ما أخَذتَ، لَيسَ الخَلاصُ بشَئٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَولُ علىٍّ: ويُؤخَذُ البائعُ بالخَلاصِ. يُريدُ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ -: بالثَّمَنِ وقيمَةِ الوَلَدِ. فيَكونُ موافِقًا لِقَولِ مَن بَعدَه، وما رُوَّينا فى الحديثِ عن سَمُرَةَ عن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2586>بابُ مَن قَتلَ خِنزيرًا أو كَسَرَ صَليبًا أو طُنبورًا</span>\n\n١١٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو خَيثَمَةَ وعَبدُ الأعلَى قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يوشِكُ أن يَنزِلَ فيكُمُ ابنُ مَريَمَ حَكَمًا مُقسِطًا، فيَقتُلَ الخِنزيرَ، ويَكسِرَ الصَّليبَ، ويَضَعَ الجِزيَةَ، ويَفيضَ المالُ حَتَّى لا يَقبَلَه أحَدٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ عبدِ الأعلَى، رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٥٢٥) عن هشيم بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٤٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٥٢٦) من طريق مطرف عن الشعبى بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٧٨) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وتقدم فى (١١٦٩).","vol":"12","page":64},{"text":"سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^١).\n\n١١٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: دَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ يَومَ الفَتحِ وحَولَ البَيتِ ثَلاثُمِائَةٍ وسِتُّونَ نُصُبًا، فجَعَلَ يَطعُنُها بعودٍ فى يدِه ويَقولُ: ﴿جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَمَا يُبْدِئُ الْبَاطِلُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ﴾ [سبأ: ٤٩]، ﴿جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٨١] (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، أن رَجُلًا كَسَرَ طُنبورًا لِرَجُلٍ، فرَفَعَه إلَى شُرَيحٍ فلَم يُضَمِّنْه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٤٧٦)، ومسلم عقب (١٥٥/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٢) الحميدى (٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٨٤)، والترمذى (٣١٣٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٢٩٧) من\nطريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٢٠)، ومسلم (١٧٨١/ ٨٧).\n(^٤) علقه البخارى عقب (٢٤٧٦) عن شريح. وأسنده ابن حجر فى التغليق ٣/ ٣٣٥ من طريق ابن بشران به. وأخرجه الطبرى فى تهذيب الآثار (٣٨٠ - مسند على) من طريق قيس بن الربيع به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٦٦) من طريق أبى حصين به.","vol":"12","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2587>بابُ مَن أراقَ ما لا يَحِلُّ الانتِفاعُ به مِنَ الخَمرِ وغَيرِها وكَسَرَ وِعاءَها</span>\n\n١١٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنتُ أسقِى أبا عُبَيدَةَ وأبا طَلحَةَ وأُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ شَرابًا مِن فضيخٍ (^١) وتَمرٍ، فجاءَهُم آتٍ فقالَ: إنَّ الخَمرَ قَد حُرِّمَت. فقالَ أبو طَلحَةَ: يا أنَسُ قُمْ إلَى هذه الجِرارِ فاكسِرها. قال أنَسٌ: فقُمتُ إلَى مِهراسٍ (^٢) لَنا فضَرَبتُها بأسفَلِه حَتَّى تَكَسَّرَت (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدٍ المَدَنِىُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: لَمّا أمسَوا يَومَ فتَحوا خَيبَرَ أوقَدوا النّيرانَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"علامَ أوقَدتُم هذه النّيرانَ؟ \". فَقالوا: على لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الإِنسيَّةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) هو البسر يُشْدَخ ويفضخ ويلقى عليه الماء لتسرع شدته. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٠.\n(^٢) المهراس: صخرة منقورة تسع كثيرًا من الماء، وقد يعمل منها حياض للماء. النهاية ٥/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥١٩٤)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٧٩، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٦، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٦٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٥٨٢، ٧٢٥٣)، ومسلم (١٩٨٠/ ٩).","vol":"12","page":66},{"text":"\" [أهرِيقُوا مَا فِيها] (^١) واكسِروا قُدورَهما\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فقالَ: نُهَريقُ ما فيها ونَغسِلُها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أو ذَلِكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ (^٣).\nوكأنَّه - ﷺ - حَسِبَها لا يُنتَفَعُ بها وقَد طُبخَ فيها المُحَرَّمُ، فأمَرَ بكَسرِها، فلَمّا أُخبِرَ أن فيها مَنفَعَةً مُباحَةً تَرَكَ كَسرَها، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوأمّا الَّذِى يَروونَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فى تَوليَتِهِم بَيعَ الخَمرِ، فهو مَذكورٌ فى كِتابِ الجِزيَةِ بإِسنادٍ مُنقَطِع فى إنكارِ عُمَرَ - ﷺ - على مَن خَلَطَ أثمانَ الخَمرِ والخِنزيرِ بمالِ الفَئِ، وتأويلُ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ قَولَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بتَخليَتِهِم و(^٤) بَيعَها، ولَيسَ فى ذَلِكَ إذنٌ مِن عُمَرَ فى تَوليَتِهِم بَيعَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، ص ٦، ز: \"أهرقوا\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: اهرقوا ما فيها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم ٣/ ١٥٣٩ (١٨٠٢/ ٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩٥) من طريق يزيد بنحوه. وسيأتى فى (١٩٤٨٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٧٧).\n(^٤) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٥) سيأتى فى (١٨٧٧٢).","vol":"12","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2588>كتابُ الشُّفْعَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2589>بابُ الشُّفعَةِ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ</span>\n\n١١٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ فى كُلِّ ما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ وصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فلا شُفعَةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٦٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إنَّما جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الشُّفعَةَ فى كُلِّ ما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ وصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فلا شُفعَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٨٩)، وابن حبان (٥١٨٧) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به، وعند ابن حبان: مالٍ. بدلًا من: ما.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٢٤٩٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٣٩١)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٣٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٩٩)، وابن حبان (٥١٨٦). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"12","page":69},{"text":"١١٦٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه إلا أنَّه قال: فى كُلِّ مالٍ لَم يُقسَمْ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٦٧ - ورَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ فقالَ فى الأموالِ: \"ما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا قُسِمَتِ الحُدودُ وعَرَفَ النّاس حُقوقَهُم فلا شُفعَةَ\". أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١١٦٦٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ، عن الزُّهرِىَّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ ما لَم يُقسَمْ وتُوقَّتْ حُدودُه (^٤).\n\n١١٦٦٩ - ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن صالِحٍ فقالَ: فيما لَم يُقسَمْ وتُعرَفْ حُدودُه. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥١٤)، وأحمد (١٤١٥٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٨٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٨٩) من طريق إسحاق وغيره به.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١٧٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٩٩) من طريق صالح به، وفيه: يوقف حدودها.","vol":"12","page":70},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١١٦٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، عن صالِحِ بن أبى الأخضَرِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\" (^١). تابَعَهُما عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١١٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثناِ أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عِكرِمَة بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَن، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى ٤/ ١٣٨٣ من طريق عبد العزيز بن المختار به.\n(^٢) علقه البخارى عقب (٢٢١٤) عن عبد الرحمن بق إسحاق.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخليلى فى الإرشاد ٢/ ٨١١ من طريق الحسين بن الفضل، وفيه: سالم بن إبراهيم. بدلًا من: سلم بن إبراهيم. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢١٢.","vol":"12","page":71},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالشُّفعَةِ فى الدُّورِ والأرَضينَ ما لَم تُقسَمْ، فإِذا قُسِمَت وافتَرَقَت فيها الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ فيها (^١).\n\n١١٦٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ وسَعيدٍ قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشُّفعَةُ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ فى \"الموطأ\" مُرسَلًا، وقَد روِىَ ذَلِكَ عنه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ أبى هريرةَ فيهِ، مِنها ما:\n\n١١٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الماجِشونِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره مالك ٢/ ٧١٤ بلاغًا عن سعيد بمعناه، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٢٢ من طريق ابن جريج عن ابن شهاب عن سعيد أن النبى ... قال: إذا حدت الطرق فلا شفعة.\n(^٢) مسند الشافعى ٢/ ٣٤٣ (٥٧٢ - شفاء العى)، ومالك ٢/ ٧١٣، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠٦٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ١٠/ ٤٢، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٢١.","vol":"12","page":72},{"text":"مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ ابنُ أخِى رِشدينِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالشُّفعَةِ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ (^١).\n\n١١٦٧٥ - ومِنها ما حدثنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأدَمِىُّ ببَغدادَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى قُتَيلَةَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشُّفعَةُ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الخدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٦٧٦ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ١٠/ ٤٢ من طريق سليمان بن داود به. وابن حبان (٥١٨٥) من طريق الماجشون بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه تمام فى الفوائد (٧٠٦) من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل الترمذى به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٢١ من طريق ابن أبى قتيلة به.","vol":"12","page":73},{"text":"حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا حُدَّتِ الحُدودُ وصرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فلا شُفعَةَ (^١).\n\n١١٦٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ قال: قالوا لأبِى عاصِمٍ فى حَديثِه عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ وأبِى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ فى الشُّفعَةِ، فقالَ: هاتوا مَن سَمِعَه مِن، مالكٍ، فى الوَقتِ الَّذِى سَمِعتُه أنا، قَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو جَعفَرٍ المَنصورُ بمَكَّةَ، فاجتَمَعَ إلَيه النّاسُ وسألوه أن يأمَرَ مالكًا أن يُحَدِّثَهُم، فأمَرَه فحَدَّثَ بمَكَّةَ فسمِعنا (^٢) مِن مالكٍ فى ذَلِكَ الوَقتِ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ الطَّهْرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن مالكٍ قال: فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ. قال الطَّهرانِىُّ: قال لِي أبو عاصِمٍ: حَديثُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ مُسنَدٌ، وحَديثُ سعيدٍ مُرسَلٌ. هَكَذا قال الطَّهرانِىُّ عن أبى عاصمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٩٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٢١ من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"فسمعنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الخليلى فى الإرشاد (١٥٣) من طريق على بن نصر الجهضمى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه عقب (٢٤٩٧) عن الطهرانى به.","vol":"12","page":74},{"text":"١١٦٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الضَّحَّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أو عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أَبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالشُّفعَةِ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ (^١). هَكَذا أتَى به شاكًّا فى إسنادِهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ روِىَ عن ابنِ جُرَيج ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n١١٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ أو عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أو عَنهُما جَميعًا، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا قُسِمَتِ الأرضُ وحُدَّت فلا شُفعَةَ فيها\" (^٢). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ.\n\n١١٦٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ مَولَى خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٤/ ١٩٤ من طريق محمد بن عبيد عن إسماعل بن إسحاق به، وفيه: \"وأبى سلمة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥١٥) من طريق الحسن بن الربيع به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٠١).","vol":"12","page":75},{"text":"الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أو عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، وأيُّما مالٍ قُسِمَ عَلَيه فلا شُفعَةَ لَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: فالَّذِى يُعرَفُ بالاستِدلالِ (^٢) مِن هذه الرَّواياتِ أن ابنَ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىَّ ما كان يَشُكُّ فى رِوايَتِه عن أبى سلمةَ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، كما رَواه عنه مَعمَر وصالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، ولا فى رِوايَتِه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا، كما رَواه عنه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ، وكأنَّه كان يَشُكُّ فى رِوايَتِه عَنْهُما عن أبى هريرةَ، فمَرَّةً أرسَلَه عَنهُما، ومَرَّةً وصَلَه عَنهُما، ومَرَّةً ذَكَرَه بالشَّكِّ فى ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nورِوايَةُ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن جابِرٍ تُؤَكَّدُ رِوايَةَ مَن رَواه عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن أبى سلمةَ عن جابِرٍ، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n١١٦٨٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ إدريسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: ص ٥، وفى م: \"فيه\".\nوالأثر ذكره الدارقطنى ٩/ ٣٣٧ عن يحيى بن آدم، وفيه: سعيد وأبى سلمة. بدلًا من: سعيد أو أبى سلمة. وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٤/ ١٩٥ عن إسماعيل، وفيه: سعيد وحده.\n(^٢) فى ص ٥: \"بالإسناد\".","vol":"12","page":76},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ فى كُلَّ شِركٍ لَم يُقسَمْ رَبعَةٍ (^١) أو حائطٍ، لا يَحِلُّ له أن يَبيعَ حَتَّى يَستأمِرَ شَريكَه. وفِى رِوايَةِ بَعضِهِم: حَتَّى يُؤذِنَ شَريكَه، فإِن شاءَ أخَذَ وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ، فإِن باعَ ولَم يُؤذِنْه فهو أحَقُّ به (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١١٦٨٣ - ورَواه إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بإِسنادِه هذا، وقالَ فى الحديث: فإِن باعَ فهو أحَقُّ بالثَّمَنِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١١٦٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ربعة: تأنيث الربع وقيل: واحده، والجمع رِبع، وهى الدار والمسكن ومطلق الأرض وأصله المنزل. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١١/ ٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٥٢٩). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٧١٥) من طريق ابن إدريس به. وابن حبان (٥١٧٨) من طريق ابن جريج بنحوه. وأحمد (١٤٢٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٩٢) من طريق أبى الزبير بمعناه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٠٨/ ١٣٤).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٩٢). وسيأتى فى (١١٧٠٥).","vol":"12","page":77},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الشُّفعَةُ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\" (^١).\n\n١١٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىَّ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: إذا صُرِفَتِ الحُدودُ وعَرَفَ النّاسُ حُدودَهُم فلا شُفعَةَ بَينَهُم (^٢).\n\n١١٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ قال: إذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فى الأرضِ فلا شُفعَةَ فيها، ولا شُفعَةَ فى بئرٍ ولا فحلِ نَخلٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٩٣)، ومسند الشافعى (٥٧٣ - شفاء العى).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠٦٩، ٢٣٠٧٢)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٢٥ من طريق يحيى ابن سعيد به.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٤/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧١٧، وعنه عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٩٣، ١٤٤٢٦).","vol":"12","page":78},{"text":"١١٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ فى حَديثِ عثمانَ - ﵁ -: إذا وقَعَتِ السُّهمانُ فلا مُكابَلَةَ. قال الأصمَعِىُّ: المُكابَلَةُ تكُونُ مِنَ الحَبسِ، يقولُ: إذا حُدَّتِ الحُدودُ فلا يُحبَسُ أحَدٌ عن حَقِّه، وأصلُ هذا مِنَ الكَبلِ؛ وهو القَيدُ (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: والَّذِى فى هذا الحديثِ مِنَ الفِقهِ أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﷺ - كان لا يَرَى الشُّفعَةَ لِلجارِ، إنَّما يَراها لِلخَليطِ المُشارِكِ، وهو بَيِّنٌ فى حَديثٍ له آخَرَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ أو عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ - الشَّكُّ مِن أبى عُبَيدٍ - عن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عثمانَ قال: لا شُفعَةَ فى بئرٍ ولا فحلٍ، والأُرَفُ يَقطَعُ كُلَّ شُفعَةٍ (^٢). قال ابنُ إدريسَ: الأُرَفُ المَعالِمُ. وقالَ الأصمَعِىُّ: هِىَ المَعالِمُ والحُدودُ. قال: وهَذا كَلامُ أهلِ الحِجازِ يُقالُ مِنه: أرَّفتُ الدّارَ والأرضَ تأريفًا؛ إذا قَسَمتَها وحَدَّدتَها. قال ابنُ إدريسَ: وقَولُه: لا شُفعَةَ فى بئرٍ ولا فحلٍ؛ أظُنُّ الفَحلَ فحلَ النَّخلِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٩٩)، وأبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤١٦.\n(^٢) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤١٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠٦٨) عن ابن إدريس، وفيه: عن أبى بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم، وفيه: الإرث. بدلًا من: الأرف.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤١٧.\n(^٤) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف (٣٦٩٩، ٣٧٠٠)، والموطأ ٢/ ٧١٤، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٣٩٤)،=","vol":"12","page":79},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2590>بابُ الشُّفعَةِ بالجِوارِ</span>\n\n١١٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^١) الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو \"عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطّائفِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الجارُ أحَقُّ بسَقَبِه\" (^٢). قال أبو قِلابَةَ: قال الأصمَعِىُّ: العَرَبُ تَقولُ: السَّقَبُ؛ اللَّزيقُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: خالَفَه إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ بإِسنادِه (^٤):\n\n١١٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الجارُ أحَقُّ بسَقَبِه\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n= ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠٧٠، ٢٣٠٧١).\n(^١) بعده فى ز: \"القطان\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٣٤، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٣٤١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسى (١٠١٦)، وأحمد (١٩٤٦٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ٤/ ١٥٢ من طريق عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) ينظر تاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ٨١.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فى إسناده\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٨٠)، وأبو داود (٣٥١٦)، والنسائى (٤٧١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٩٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٨٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":80},{"text":"أبى نُعَيمٍ (^١).\n\n١١٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِى، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قال إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ الشَّريدِ يقولُ: وضَعَ المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ يَدَه هذه على مَنكِبِى هذا أو هذا، فانطَلَقتُ مَعَه حَتَّى أتَينا سَعدًا فجَلَسنا إلَيه، فجاءَ أبو رافِعٍ فقالَ لِلمِسوَرِ: ألَا تأمُرُ هذا أن يَشتَرِىَ مِنِّى بَيتَىَّ اللَّذَينِ مِن دارِه؟ فقالَ له سَعدٌ: واللَّهِ لا أزيدُكَ على أربَعِمِائَةِ دينارٍ إمّا مُقَطَّعَةً وإِمّا مُنَجَّمَةً (^٢). فقالَ أبو رافِعٍ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! لَقَد مَنَعتُهُما مِن خَمسِمِائَةٍ نَقدًا، فلَولا أنَّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الجارُ أحَقُّ بسَقَبِه\". ما بعتُكَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ بمَعناه (^٤).\nوفِى سياقِ هذه القَصَّةِ دَلالَةٌ على أن الخَبَرَ ورَدَ فى غَيرِ الشُّفعَةِ، وأنَّه إنَّما أرادَ به أنَّه أحَقُّ بأن يُعرَضَ عَلَيه مِن غَيرِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٩٨٠).\n(^٢) تنجيم الدين: هو أن يقرر عطاؤه فى أوقات معلومة متتابعة، مشاهرة أو مساناة. النهاية ٥/ ٢٤.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١١٨). وأخرجه الحميدى (٥٥٢)، وأحمد (٢٣٨٧١) عن سفيان مطولًا ومختصرًا. وابن حبان (٥١٨١) من طريق ابن ميسرة بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٩٧٧، ٢٢٥٨).","vol":"12","page":81},{"text":"وإِن أرادَ به الشُّفعَةَ فقَد:\n\n١١٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -: أبو رافِعٍ فيما روِىَ عنه مُتَطَوَّعٌ بما صَنَعَ، وقَولُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"الجارُ أحَقُّ بسَقَبِهِ\". لا يَحتَمِلُ إلا مَعنَيَينِ لا ثالِثَ لَهُما (^١)؛ أن يَكونَ أرادَ أن الشُّفعَةَ لِكُلِّ جارٍ، أو أرادَ بَعضَ الجيرانِ دونَ بَعضٍ، وقَد ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن لا شُفعَةَ فيما قُسِمَ، فدَلَّ على أن الشُّفعَةَ لِلجارِ الَّذِى لَم يُقاسِمْ دونَ الجارِ المُقاسِمِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وعَلَى هذا يُحمَلُ ما:\n\n١١٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفَّانُ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالجِوارِ. وعن سَمُرَةَ أن نَبىَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"جارُ الدّارِ أحَقُّ بالدّارِ مِن غَيرِه\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"إما\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٦٩٥)، وينظر اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٢٠، ٢٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨٨) عن عفان به. وأحمد (٢٠١٢٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥١٧)، والترمذى (١٣٦٨) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) فى ص ٦: \"الأصفهانى\".","vol":"12","page":82},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الجارُ أحَقُّ بشُفعَةِ أخيه، يُنتَظَرُ وإِن كان غائبًا إذا كان طَريقُهُما واحِدًا\" (^١).\n\n١١٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ فى هذا الحديثِ: سَمِعنا بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ يقولُ: نَخافُ ألَّا يَكونَ هذا الحديثُ مَحفوظًا. قيلَ له: ومِن أينَ قُلتَ؟ قال: إنَّما رَواه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وقَد رَوَى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرٍ مُفَسَّرًا أن رسولَ اللِّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشُّفعَةُ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ، فإِذا وقَعَتِ الحُدودُ فلا شُفعَةَ\". وأبو سلمةَ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ، ورَوَى أبو الزُّبَيرِ وهو مِنَ الحُفّاظِ عن جابِرٍ ما يوافِقُ قَولَ أبى سلمةَ ويُخالِفُ ما رَوَى عبدُ المَلَكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى صَفوانَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ قال: قُلتُ لِشُعبَةَ: تُحَدِّثُ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ العَرزَمِىِّ وتَدَعُ حَديثَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى (^٣) سُلَيمانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٥٣)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٥١٨)، والترمذى (١٣٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٩٤) من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٠٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٣٦٩٥)، وينظر اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٢٣.\n(^٣) ليس فى: م. وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ١٧٨.","vol":"12","page":83},{"text":"العَرزَمِىَّ وهو حَسَنُ الحديثِ؟! قال: مِن حُسنِها فرَرتُ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ يقولُ: لَو رَوَى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ حَديثًا آخَرَ مِثلَ حَديثِ الشُّفعَةِ لَتَرَكتُ حَديثَه (^١).\nوَرَواه مُسَدَّدٌ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن شُعبَةَ أنَّه قال ذَلِكَ.\n\n١١٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ - وحَدَّثَنا بحَديثِ الشُّفعَةِ حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: هذا حَديث مُنكَرٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2591>بابُ رِوايَةِ ألفاظٍ مُنكَرَةٍ يَذكُرُها بَعضُ الفُقَهاءِ فى مَسائلِ الشُّفعَةِ</span>\n\n١١٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سُوَيدٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَصرِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَيلَمانِىَّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا شُفعَةَ لِغائب ولا صَغيرٍ، ولا شَريكٍ على شَريكٍ إذا سَبَقَه\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٤٠.\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال لأحمد (٢٢٥٦).","vol":"12","page":84},{"text":"بالشِّراءِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٦٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ شَبَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ. بإِسنادِه نَحوَه وزادَ: \"والشُّفعَةُ كَحَلِّ العِقالِ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٦٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا شُفعَةَ لِصَبِىٍّ ولا لِغائبٍ، وِإذا سَبَقَ الشَّريكُ شَريكَه بالشُّفعَةِ فلا شُفعَةَ، والشُّفعَةُ كَحَلِّ العِقالِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ ابنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشُّفعَةُ لا تَرِثُ ولا تورَثُ\" (٢). محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَصرِىُّ مَتروكٌ (^٤)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَيلَمانِىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، ضَعَّفَهُما يَحيَى بنُ معينٍ (^٦) وغَيرُه مِن أئمَّةِ أهلِ الحَديثِ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٨٥. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٠١) عن سويد بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٨٥.\n(^٣) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٨٨.\n(^٤) ينظر الكلام عليه فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٦٥، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٤٧، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٥٦٣، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٥٢: ضعيف.\n(^٥) تقدمت مصادر ترجمته عقب (١١٣٨٤).\n(^٦) ينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٢٥٨، وبرواية الدارمى ١/ ٢٠١.","vol":"12","page":85},{"text":"١١٧٠٠ - وقَد رُوِىَ فى مُعارَضَةِ الحديثِ الأوَّلِ حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا: \"الصَّبِىُّ على شفعَتِه حَتَّى يُدرِكَ\". وكِلاهُما مُنكَرانِ. أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ على بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بَزيعٍ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ أبى عِمرانَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الصَّبِىُّ على شُفعَتِه حَتَّى يُدرِكَ، فإِذا أدرَكَ فإِن شاءَ أخَذَ وِإن شاءَ تَرَكَ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بَزيعٍ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، ومَن دونَه إلَى شَيخِ شَيخِنا لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٣).\n\n١١٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا حَفصٌ الرَّبَالِىُّ، حدثنا نائلُ بنُ نَجيحٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا شُفعَةَ لِلنَّصرانِىِّ\". قال أبو أحمدَ: أحاديثُ نائلٍ مُظلِمَةٌ جِدًّا، وخاصَّةً إذا رَوَى عن الثَّورِىَّ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٠٢ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ السَّرّاجُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الصغير ٢/ ٢٨ من طريق عبد الله بن رشيد به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١١٦، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ١/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٣) السرى بن سهل بن خربان الجنديسابورى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣١٠، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ١٢.\nوعبد الله بن رُشيد ينظر الكلام عليه فى الثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٣٤٣، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ١/ ٣٣٨، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٤) ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٢٠.","vol":"12","page":86},{"text":"القَزّازُ، حدثنا نائلُ بنُ نَجيحٍ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: رَفَعَه مَرَّةً إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - ولَم يَرفَعْه أُخرَى (^١).\n\n١١٧٠٣ - قال الشيخُ: والحَديثُ عِندَ سُفيانَ عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ عن الحَسَنِ قال: لَيسَ لِليَهودِىِّ والنَّصرانِىِّ شُفعَةٌ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأَزدَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). هذا هو الصَّوابُ مِن قَولِ الحَسَنِ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن إياسِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ أنَّه قَضَى بالشُّفعَةِ لِذِمِّىٍّ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يَرَى أن الغائبَ على شُفعَتِه إذا قَدِمَ، ويَرَى الصَّغيرَ على شُفعَتِه إذا كَبِرَ. قال: ولَيسَ فى الحَيَوانِ شُفعَةٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2592>بابٌ: لا شُفعَةَ فيما يُنقَلُ ويُحَوَّلُ</span>\n\n١١٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٢٠ من طريق محمد بن سنان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠٥٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ١/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٣٨٣) عن معاذ به مقتصرًا على قوله: \"وليس فى الحيوان شفعة\". وأخرجه أيضًا (٢١٥٩٢) من طريق أشعث به بلفظ: كان يرى الشفعة للصغير والغائب.","vol":"12","page":87},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشُّفعَةُ فى كُلِّ شِركٍ؛ رَبعَةٍ أو حائطٍ، لا يَصلُحُ أن يَبيعَ حَتَّى يُؤذِنَ شَريكَه، فإِن باعَ فهو أحَقُّ به حَتَّى يُؤذِنَه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"الشُّفعَةُ فى كُلَّ شِركٍ؛ فى أرضٍ أو رَبعٍ أو حائطٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن أبى عَيّاشٍ الأسَدِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالشُّفعَةِ بَينَ الشُّرَكاءِ فى الدّورِ والأرَضينَ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٠٧ - ورُوِىَ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا شُفعَةَ إلَّا فى دارٍ أو عَقارٍ\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ داودَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ حَجوَةَ ابنِ الضَّحّاكِ المَنبِجِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ. فذَكَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥١٣)، وأحمد (١٤٤٠٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٦٦٠) من طريق إسماعيل به. والنسائى (٤٧١٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٧٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٠٨/ ١٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٢٢٧٧٨) من طريق فضيل به، مطولًا.","vol":"12","page":88},{"text":"ورَواه أبو أحمدَ العَسّالُ عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ داودَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، عن الضَّحّاكِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١) بنِ واقِدٍ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ. وهو الصَّوابُ، والإِسنادُ ضَعيفٌ.\nورُوَّينا عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: لا شُفعَةَ إلَّا فى أرضٍ أو عَقارٍ (^٢). وعن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قالا: الشُّفعَةُ فى الدُّورِ والأرَضينَ (^٣). وعن الحَسَنِ قال: لَيسَ فى الحَيَوانِ شُفعَةٌ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٠٨ - وأمّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ ابنُ حَمّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبوحَمزَةَ السُّكَّرِىُّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشَّريكُ شَفيعٌ، والشُّفعَةُ فى كُلِّ شئٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١١٧٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عبد الملك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٢٤)، ووكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٧١٤، وعنه الشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٧٠٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٢٤٤) من طريق نعيم بن حماد به.","vol":"12","page":89},{"text":"قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ] (^١) عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن أبى حَمزَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه مَوصولًا وقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال علىٌّ: خالَفَه شُعبَةُ وإِسرائيلُ وعَمرُو بنُ أبى قَيسٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عَبّاشٍ فرَوَوه عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ مُرسَلًا، وهو الصَّوابُ، ووَهِمَ أبو حَمزَةَ فى إسنادِهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشَّريكُ شَفيعٌ فى كُلَّ شَئٍ\" (^٣). هذا هو الصَّوابُ، مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١٧١١ - وقَد قيلَ: عن أبى حَمزَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجَّهِ، أخبرَنا عَبدانُ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: م. وأشار فى حاشية الأصل وحاشية ز إلى أنه لعله هو المقصود، وهو البغوى.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٢٢، وفيه: عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد العزيز. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٧١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٤٤ من طريق الفضل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٤٤ من طريق إسرائيل به. والترمذى عقب (١٣٧١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن رفيع به.","vol":"12","page":90},{"text":"فذَكَرَه (^١). ومُحَمَّدٌ هذا هو العَرزَمِىُّ، مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n١١٧١٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ (ح) وأخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحُسَينِ المُفَسِّرُ المَقبُرِىُّ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ موسَى وعَلِىُّ بنُ غَمَّاسٍ البَلْخيّانِ قالا: حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى بِشْرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشُّفعَةُ فى العَبيدِ، وفِى كُلَّ شَئٍ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ عَفّانَ: \"فى العَبدِ شُفعَةٌ، وفِى كُلَّ شَئٍ\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ البَلْخِىُّ عن شُعبَةَ، وهو ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى أخبار أصفهان ٢/ ٢٦٠ من طريق أبى الموجه به. وابن عدى ٦/ ٢١١٣ من طريق عبد الله بن عثمان (عبدان) به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٦٤٠).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"المقرئ\"، وعليها: \"كذا بخط الحافظ ابن عساكر\". وينظر المنتخب من السياق (١٤٨١). وتقدم فى (٢٥٩٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى ٥/ ١٦٨٩ من طريق عفان به، وعنده: عفان بن محمد. وأخرجه أيضًا ٥/ ١٦٨٩، وابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٤٥/ ٣٦١ من طريق عمر بن هارون به.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٤١٩).","vol":"12","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2593>بابٌ</span>\n\n١١٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا غُندَر، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى شَيبَةَ، عن عيسَى بنِ الحارِثِ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: الشُفعَةُ على قَدرِ الأَنصباءِ (^١).\n\n١١٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزَّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ فى الرَّجُلِ له شُرَكاءُ فى دارٍ، فيُسَلَّمُ له الشُّرَكاءُ الشُّفعَةَ إلَّا رَجُلًا واحِدًا أرادَ أن يأخُذَ بقَدرِ حَقَّه مِنَ الشُّفعَةِ؛ قالوا: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ له؛ إمّا أن يأخُذَها جَميعًا، وإِمّا أن يَترُكَها جَميعًا. وكانوا يَقولونَ فى النَّفَرِ يَرِثونَ مِن أبيهِم مالًا فيَموتُ أحَدُهُم ويَترُكُ ولَدًا، فيَبيعُ أحَدُ ولَدِه حَقَّه مِن ذَلِكَ المالِ: فالوَلَدُ وأعمامُه شُرَكاؤُه فى الشُّفعَةِ على قَدرِ حِصَصِهِم إذا كان المالُ لَم يُقسَمْ وتَقَعْ فيه الحُدودُ. وذَكَرَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزَّنادِ عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ الحَزْمِىِّ (^٢) أن أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قَضَى بذَلِكَ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٨٥٧)، ومن طريقه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣١٦.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الحربى\"، وفى ص ٦: \"الجرمى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٢١٥.","vol":"12","page":92},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2594>كتابُ القِراضِ</span>\n\n١١٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ ابنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: خَرَجَ عبدُ اللَّهِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ ابنا عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فى جَيشٍ إلَى العِراقِ، فلَمّا قَفَلا مَرَّا على أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، فرَحَّبَ بهِما وسَهَّلَ، وهو أميرُ البَصرَةِ، فقالَ: لَو أَقدِرُ لَكُما على أمرٍ أنفَعُكُما به لَفَعَلتُ. ثُمَّ قال: بَلَى، هاهنا مالٌ مِن مالِ اللَّهِ أُريدُ أن أبعَثَ به إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فأُسلِفُكُماه، فتَبتاعانِ به مَتاعًا مِن مَتاعِ العِراقِ، فتَبيعانِه بالمَدينَةِ، فتُؤَدّيانِ رأسَ المالِ إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، ويَكونُ لَكُما الرِّبحُ. فقالا: ودِدنا. ففَعَلا، فكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﷺ - أن يأخُذَ مِنهُما المالَ، فلَمّا قَدِما المَدينَةَ باعا ورَبِحا، فلَمّا رَفَعا ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: أكُلُّ الجَيشِ أسلَفَه كما أسلَفَكُما؟ قالا: لا. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ابنا أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ فأسلَفَكُما، أدِّيا المالَ ورِبحَه. فأمّا عبدُ اللَّهِ فسكتَ (^١)، وأمّا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ فقالَ: لا يَنبَغِى لَكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ هذا، لَو هَلَكَ المالُ أو نَقَصَ لَضَمِنّاه. قال: أدِّياه. فسَكَتَ عبدُ اللَّهِ، وراجَعَه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى: س، وحاشية الأصل. وفى غيرهما: \"فسلم\".","vol":"12","page":93},{"text":"رَجُلٌ (^١) مِن جُلَساءِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَو جَعَلتَه قِراضًا. فقالَ: قَد جَعَلتُه قِراضًا. فأخَذَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - المالَ ونِصفَ رِبحِه، وأخَذَ عبدُاللَّهِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ نِصفَ رِبحِ المالِ. مَعنَى حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلَّا أن الشّافِعِىَّ قال فى رِوايَتِه: فلَمّا قَفَلا مَرّا على عامِلٍ لِعُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١١٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه أنَّه عَمِلَ فى مالٍ لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ على أن الرَّبحَ بَينَهُما (^٣).\n\n١١٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، أخبرَنِى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: جِئتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ فقُلتُ له: قَد قَدِمَتْ سِلعَةٌ، فهَل لَكَ اْن تُعطيَنِى مالًا فأشتَرِىَ بذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: أتُراكَ فاعِلًا؟ قال: نَعَم، ولَكِنَّى رَجُلٌ مُكاتَبٌ فأشتَريها على أن الرَّبحَ بَينِى وبَينَكَ. قال: نَعَم. فأعطانِى\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل ما لفظه: \"قيل: هو عبد الرحمن بن عوف ﵁. قاله الرافعى، وقد صرح به فى روايته كما ذكره جماعة من أصحاب الشافعى. من البدر المنير\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٧٠٢)، والشافعى ٤/ ٣٣، ٣٤، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٤/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٦٨٧.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٤/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٦٨٨.","vol":"12","page":94},{"text":"مالًا على ذَلِكَ.\n\n١١٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَكونُ عِندَه مالُ اليَتيمِ فيُزَكّيه ويُعطيه مُضارَبَةً ويَستَقرِضُ فيهِ (^١).\n\n١١٧١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه سألَه عن الرَّجُلِ يُعطِى الرَّجُلَ (^٢) المالَ قِراضًا فيَشتَرِطُ له كما أعطاه نَحوَ (^٣) يَومِ يأخُذُه (^٤) قال: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ.\n\n١١٧٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وحَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأسَدِىِّ، عن عُرْوةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ أنَّه كان يَدفَعُ المالَ مُقارَضَةً إلَى الرَّجُلِ، ويَشتَرِطُ عَلَيه ألَّا يَمُرَّ به بَطنَ وادٍ، ولا يَبتاعَ به\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"منه\".\nوالحديث عند يعفوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) فى ص ٥: \"نحوه\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: ز.","vol":"12","page":95},{"text":"حَيَوانًا، ولا يَحمِلَه فى بَحرٍ، فإِن فعَلَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ فقَد ضَمِنَ ذَلِكَ (^١) المالَ، قال: فإِذا تَعَدَّى أمْرَه ضَمَّنَه مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديث مُسنَدٌ ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١١٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ السُّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أرقَمَ الكِندِيُّ أبو أرقَمَ، حدثنا أبو الجارودِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ إذا دَفَعَ مالًا مُضارَبَةً اشتَرَطَ على صاحِبِه ألَّا يَسلُكَ به بَحرًا، ولا يَنزِلَ به واديًا، ولا يَشتَرِىَ به ذاتَ كَبِدٍ رَطْبَةٍ، فإِن فعَلَ فهو ضامِنٌ، فرُفِعَ شَرطُه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأجازَه (^٣).\n\n١١٧٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا مُشجَعُ (^٤) بنُ مُعَصَّبٍ (^٥) أبو الحَكَمِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أرقَمَ الكِندِيُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِهِ (^٦). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو الجارودِ زيادُ بنُ المُنذِرِ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكر فى حاشية الأصل أنه سقط من أصل المؤلف.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٦٣ من طريق ابن لهيعة وحيوة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٧٨ من طريق محمد بن غالب به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٦٠) من طريق محمد بن عقبة السدوسى به.\n(^٤) فى حاشة الأصل: \"منتجع\".\n(^٥) فى م: \"مصعب\".\n(^٦) الكامل ٣/ ١٠٤٧، وأبو يعلى كما فى المطالب العالية (١٥٦٤)، وعندهما: منتجع بن مصعب.","vol":"12","page":96},{"text":"وهو كوفِيُّ ضَعيفٌ (^١)، كَذَّبَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، وضَعَّفَه الباقونَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2595>بابُ المُضارِبِ يُخالِفُ بما فيه زيادَةٌ لِصاحِبِه، ومَن تَجَرَ فى مالِ غَيرِه بغَيِر أمرِهِ</span>\n\n١١٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبوسعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ سَمِعَ قَومَه يُحَدِّثونَ عن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أعطاه دينارًا ليَشتَرِىَ له شاةً أُضحيَّةً، فاشتَرَى له (^٢) شاتَينِ، فباعَ إحداهُما بدينارٍ وأتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بشاةٍ ودينارٍ، فدَعا النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- بالبَرَكَةِ فى بَيعِه، فكانَ لَوِ اشتَرَى التُّرابَ رَبحَ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، سَمِعَ شَبيبَ بنَ غَرقَدَةَ، عن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. أو قال (^٤): سمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ بنواصِى الخَيلِ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٥١٧.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"به \".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢١٢٥)، وفى المعرفة (٣٥٠٨)، وفى الدلائل ٦/ ٢٢٠. وجزء سعدان بن نصر (٩٩).\n(^٤) زيادة من: \"م \". وهو فى حاشة الأصل.","vol":"12","page":97},{"text":"يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\nهَذانِ حَديثانِ سَمِعَ أحَدَهُما شَبيبُ بنُ غَرقَدَةَ مِن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ، ولَم يَسمَعِ الآخَرَ، وِإنَما سَمِعَ الحَيَّ يُخبِرونَه عن عُروَةَ:\n\n١١٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا شَبيبُ بنُ غَرقَدَة قال: سَمِعتُ الحَيَّ يَتَحَدَّثونَ عن عُروةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أعطاه دينارًا ليَشتَرِىَ (^٢) له به شاةً، فاشتَرَى له به شاتَينِ، فباعَ إحداهُما بدينارٍ، فجاءَه بدينارٍ وشاةٍ، فدَعا له بالبَرَكَةِ فى بَيعِه، وكانَ لَوِ اشتَرَى التُّرابَ لَرَبحَ فيهِ. قال سفيانُ: كان الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ جاءَنا بهَذا الحديثِ عنه قال: سَمِعَه شَبيبٌ مِن عُروةَ. فأتَيتُه فقالَ شَبيبٌ: إنَى لم أسمَعْه مِن عُروةَ، سَمِعتُ الحَيَّ يُخبِرونَه عنه، ولَكِنْ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ بنَواصِى الخَيلِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال: وقَد رأيتُ فى دارِه سبعينَ فرَسًا. قال سفيانُ: يَشتَرِى له شاةً كأنَّها أُضحيَّةٌ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ فى حَديثِ عُروةَ\n_________\n(^١) جزء سعدان بن نصر (١٠٢).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يشترى\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٦٤٢، ٣٦٤٣)، وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٥٦)، وأبو داود (٣٣٨٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقول سفيان: كأنها أضحية. معناه: الظاهر ليضحى بها.","vol":"12","page":98},{"text":"ابنِ أبى الجَعدِ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أعطاه دينارًا ليَشتَرِىَ (^١) له به أُضحيَّةً، قال: قال سفيانُ: كان الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ سَمِعناه يُحَدِّثه فيَقولُ فيه: سَمِعتُ شَبيبًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ. فلَمّا سألتُ شَبيبًا قال: إنِّي (^٢) لَم أسمَعْه مِن عُروةَ، وحَدَّثَنيه الحَيُّ عن عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقَىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ العَتَكِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ الخِرِّيتِ، عن أبى لَبيدٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ البارِقِىِّ قال: أعطانِي رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دينارًا فقالَ: \"اشتَرِ لَنا به شاةً\". قال: فانطَلَقتُ فاشتَرَيتُ شاتَينِ بدينارٍ، فلَقِيَنِى رَجُلٌ فى الطَّريقِ، فساوَمَنى بشاةٍ فبِعتُها بدينارٍ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هذا دينارُكُم وهَذِه شاتُكُم. قال: فقال له النبيُّ -ﷺ-:\"وصَنَعتَ كَيفَ؟ \". قال: فأخبَرَهُ، فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ له فى صَفْقَةِ يَمينِه\". قال: فقالَ: إنِّي لأقومُ فى الكُناسَةِ بالكوفَةِ فما أرجِعُ إلَى أهلِى حَتَى أربَحَ أربَعينَ ألفًا (^٤).\nرَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وهو أخو حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، ولَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يشترى\".\n(^٢) أشار فى حاشية الأصل إلى زيادتها.\n(^٣) المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٧٠٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٦٢، ١٩٣٦٧)، وأبو داود (٣٣٨٥)، والترمذى (١٢٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٠٢) من طريق سعيد بن زيد به.","vol":"12","page":99},{"text":"بالقَوِيِّ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حَصينٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ مَعَه بدينارٍ يَشتَرِى (^٢) له أُضحيَّةً، فاشتَراها بدينارٍ وباعَها بدينارَينِ، فرَجَعَ فاشتَرَى أُضحيَّةً بدينارٍ وجاءَ بدينارٍ إلَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فتَصَدَّقَ به النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ودَعا له أن يُبارَكَ له فى تِجارَتِهِ (^٣).\nوحَديثُ عُمَرَ -﵁- مَعَ ابنَيه قَد مَضَى فى البابِ الأوَّلِ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيم، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن رياحِ (^٥) بنِ عَبيدَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ استُبضِعَ بِضاعَةً فخالَفَ فيها، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: هو ضامِنٌ، وإِن رَبحَ فالرِّبحُ لِصاحِبِ المالِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٧٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٤٤١. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٩٦: صدوق له أوهام.\n(^٢) فى س، ز، ص ٦: \"ليشترى\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٨٦). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٣٣).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٧١٥).\n(^٥) فى ص ٥، م: \"رباح\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ١٤.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى الاستذكار ٢٢/ ١٣٣ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"12","page":100},{"text":"١١٧٣٠ - وهو فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن رِيَاحِ (^١) بنِ عَبيدَةَ قال: بَعَثَ رَجُلٌ مَعَ رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ بعَشَرَةِ دَنانيرَ إلَى رَجُلٍ بالمَدينَةِ، فابتاعَ بها المَبعوثُ مَعَه بَعيرًا ثُمَّ باعَه بأحَدَ عَشَرَ دينارًا، فسألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: الأحَدَ عَشَرَ (^٢) لِصاحِبِ المالِ، ولَو حَدَثَ بالبَعيرِ حَدَثٌ كُنتَ له ضامِنًا. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وابنُ (^٣) عُمَرَ يَرَى على المُشتَرِى بالبِضاعَةِ لِغَيرِه الضَّمانَ، ويَرَى الرِّبحَ لِصاحِبِ البِضاعَةِ؛ ولا يَجعَلُ الرِّبحَ لِمَن ضَمِنَ (^٤).\nقال الرَّبيعُ: آخِرُ قَولِ الشّافِعِىِّ -﵁- أنَّه إذا تَعَدَّى فاشتَرَى شَيئًا بالمالِ بعَينِه فرَجَ فيه فالشِّراءُ باطِلٌ، وإِنِ اشتَرَى بمالٍ لا بعَينِه ثُمَّ نَقَدَ المالَ؛ فالشِّراءُ له، والرِّبحُ له، والنُّقصانُ عَلَيه، وهو ضامِنٌ لِلمالِ. وكَذَلِكَ نَقَلَه المُزَنِىُّ، ثُمَّ قال: واحتَجَّ بأن حَديثَ البارِقِىِّ لَيسَ بثابِتٍ عِندَه.\nقال الشيخُ: وذَلِكَ لِما فى إسنادِه مِنَ الِإرسالِ، وهو أن شَبيبَ بنَ غَرقَدَةَ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ، إنَّما سَمِعَه مِنَ الحَىِّ يُخبِرونَه عنه، وحَديثُ حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ أيضًا عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ عنه، وأوَّلَ المُزَنِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٥، م: \"رباح\".\n(^٢) بعده فى س، ص ٥: \"دينارًا\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فابن\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٣٤.","vol":"12","page":101},{"text":"حَديثَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- مَعَ ابنَيه -﵄- بأنَّه سألَهُما لِبِرِّه الواجِبِ عَلَيهِما أن [يَجعَلاه كُلَّه] (^١) لِلمُسلِمينَ فلَم يُجيباه، فلَمّا طَلَبَ النِّصفَ أجاباه عن طيبِ اْنفُسِهِما (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"يجعلا ربحه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٧٠٨).","vol":"12","page":102},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2596>كتابُ المساقاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2597>بابُ المُعامَلَةِ على النَّخلِ بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها أو ما تَشارَطا عَلَيه مِن جُزءٍ مَعلومٍ</span>\n\n١١٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَلَ أهلَ خَيبَرَ بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِن ثَمَرٍ أو زَرعٍ (^١).\n\n١١٧٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الإسفَرايِينِيُّ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن يَزدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها مِن ثَمَرٍ أو زَرعٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّان، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحْبيلٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أجلَى اليَهودَ مِن أرضِ الحِجازِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ أرادَ إخراجَ اليَهودِ مِنها- وكانَتِ الأرضُ حينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيها للهِ ولِرسولِه ولِلمُسلِمينَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٤٠٨)، وأحمد (٤٦٦٣). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦٧) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٦٥٦) عن مسدد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٣٢٩)، ومسلم (١٥٥١/ ١).","vol":"12","page":103},{"text":"فأرادَ إخراجَ اليَهودِ مِنها- فسألَتِ اليَهودُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقِرَّهُم بها على أن يَكْفُوا عَمَلَها ولَهُم نِصفُ الثَّمَرِ، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-:\"نُقِرُّكُم بها على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\". فقَرّوا بها حَتَّى (^١) أجلاهُم عُمَرُ -﵁- فى إمارَتِه إلَى تَيْماءَ وأَرِيحاءَ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أجلَى اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى مِن أرضِ الحِجازِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ شُرَحْبيلٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح \" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ فقالَ: وقالَ عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَمَّا افتُتِحَت خَيبَرُ سألَتْ يَهودُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقِرَّهُم فيها على أن يَعمَلوا على النِّصفِ مِمّا يَخرُجُ مِنها مِنَ الثمَرِ والزَّرعِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُقِرُّكُم فيها على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\". فكانوا فيها كَذَلِكَ على عَهدِ رسولِ الَّلهِ -ﷺ- وأبِى بكرٍ -﵁- وطائفَةٍ مِن إمارَةِ عُمَرَ، فكانَتِ الثمَرَةُ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٥: \"إلى أن\".\n(^٢) سيأتى تخريجه فى (١٨٧٨٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٩٩٨٩، ١٩٣٦٦)، وعنه أحمد (٦٣٦٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٥١/ ٦)، والبخارى عقب (٢٣٣٨).","vol":"12","page":104},{"text":"تُقسَمُ على السُّهمانِ مِن نِصفِ خَيبَرَ ويأخُذُ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\nالخُمُسَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح \" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ فيما يَحسِبُ أبو سلمةَ (^٤)، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قاتَلَ أهلَ خَيبَرَ حَتَّى ألجأَهُم إلَى قَصرِهِم، فغَلَبَ على الأرضِ والزَّرعِ والنَّخلِ، فقالوا: يا محمدُ، دَعْنا نَكونُ فى هذه الأرضِ نُصلِحُها ونَقومُ عَلَيها. ولَم يَكُنْ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا لأصحابِه غِلمانٌ يَقومونَ عَلَيها، فأعطاهُم خَيبَرَ على أنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطرَ مِن كُلِّ زَرعٍ ونَخلٍ وشَئٍ ما بَدا لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ -﵁- يأتيهِم كُلَّ عامٍ فيَخرُصُها عَلَيهِم ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطرَ، فشَكَوا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى عامٍ شِدَّةَ خَرْصِه، وأرادوا أن يَرْشُوه، فقالَ: يا أعداءَ اللَّهِ، تُطعِمونِي السُّحتَ؟! ولَقَد (^٥) جِئتُكُم مِن عِندِ أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ، ولأنتُم أبغَضُ إلَيَّ مِن عِدَّتِكُم مِنَ القِرَدَةِ والخَنازيرِ، ولا يَحمِلُنِى بُغْضِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٠٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤/ ١٥٥١).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عبيد\". وهو الموافق لما سيأتى عقب (١٨٨٥٢).\n(^٤) أبو سلمة: هى كنية حماد بن سلمة. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: والله لقد\".","vol":"12","page":105},{"text":"إيّاكُم وحُبِّى إيّاه على ألَّا أعدِلَ عَلَيكُم. فقالوا: بهَذا قامَتِ السَّمَاواتُ والأرضُ (^١).\n\n١١٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيْدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ساقَى يَهودَ خَيبَرَ على تِلكَ الأموالِ على الشَّطرِ، وسِهامُهُم مَعلومَةٌ، وشَرَطَ عَلَيهِم: \"أنّا إذا شِئنا أخرَجناكُم\" (^٣).\n\n١١٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا المُعافَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرْقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن مِقسَمٍ أبى القاسِمِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال حينَ افتَتَحَ خَيبَرَ واشتَرَطَ عَلَيهِم أنَّ له الأرضَ وكُلَّ صَفراءَ وبَيضاءَ -يَعنِى الذَّهَبَ والفِضَّةَ- فقالَ له أهلُ خَيبَرَ: نَحنُ أعلمُ بالأرضِ، فأعطِناها على أن نَعمَلَها ويَكونَ لَنا نِصفُ الثَّمَرَةِ ولَكُم نِصفُها. فزَعَمَ أنَّه أعطاهُم على ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا كان حينَ يُصرَمُ النَّخلُ بَعَثَ إلَيهِمُ ابنَ رَواحَةَ، فحَزَرَ النَّخلَ -وهو الَّذِى يَدْعوه أهلُ المَدينَةِ الخَرْصَ- فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧١٢)، والدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٩. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٩٩) من طريق عبد الواحد بن غياث مطولًا، وأبو داود (٣٠٠٦) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٤٧٦٨، ٦٤٦٩) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به مقتصرًا في الموضع الأول على قصة ابن رواحة، وفى الثانى على أن لهم الشطر، وفيه زيادة أخرى. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٩٧).\n(^٢) في ز، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"عبد\"، والمثبت موافق لمصدر التخريج، وتقدم في (٢٩٥٧).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٨.","vol":"12","page":106},{"text":"في ذا كَذا وكَذا. فقالوا: أكثَرْتَ يا ابنَ رَواحَةَ. قال: فأنا آخُذُ النَّخلَ وأُعطيكُم نِصفَ الَّذِى قُلتُ. قالوا: هذا الحَقُّ، وبِه قامَتِ السَّماءُ والأرضُ، رَضِينا أن نأخُذَه بالَّذِى قُلتَ (^١).\n\n١١٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا صالِحٌ وهو ابنُ أبى الأخضَرِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: لَمّا افتَتَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَيبَرَ دَعا يَهودًا (^٢) فقالَ: \"نُعطيكُم نِصفَ الثَّمَرِ على أن تَعمَلوها، أُقِرُّكُم ما أقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿ \". قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَبعَثُ عبدَ اللَّهِ يَخرُصُها ثُمَّ يُخَيِّرُهُم أن يأخُذوها أو يَترُكوها، وإِنَّ اليَهودَ أتَوْا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في بَعضِ ذَلِكَ فاشتَكوْا إلَيه، فدَعا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ فذَكَرَ له ما ذَكَروا، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هُم بالخيارِ إن شاءُوا أخَذُوها وإِن تَرَكُوها أخَذْناها. فرَضِيَتِ اليَهودُ وقالَت: بهَذا قامَتِ السَّمَاواتُ والأرضُ. ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال في مَرَضِه الَّذِى تُوُفِّى فيه: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ في جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ دِينانِ\". قال: فلَمّا أُنهِى ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- أرسَلَ إلَى يَهودِ خَيبَرَ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَلَكُم على هذه الأموالِ وشَرَطَ لَكُم أنْ يُقِرَّكُم، يَعنِى ما أقَرَّكُمُ اللَّهُ (^٣)، وقَد أذِنَ اللَّهُ ﷿\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤١٠)، وابن ماجه (١٨٢٠) من طريق جعفر به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩١٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) كذا بالأصل، وفى الحاشية \"يهود\" دون ضبط.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"ورسوله\".","vol":"12","page":107},{"text":"في إجلائِكُم حينَ عَهِدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما عَهِدَ. فأجلاهُم عُمَرُ -﵁-، كُلَّ يَهودِىٍّ ونَصرانِيٍّ في أرضِ الحِجازِ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَها بَينَ أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2598>بابُ المُعامَلَةِ على زَرعِ البَياضِ الَّذِى بَيَن أضعافِ النَّخلِ مَعَ المُعامَلَةِ على النَّخلِ</span>\n\n١١٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ وأبو يَعلَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جُوَيرِيَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه أعطَى خَيبَرَ اليَهودَ على أن يَعمَلوها ويَزرَعوها ولَهُم شَطرُ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جُوَيرِيَةَ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو موسَى الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو ضَمْرَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَلَ أهلَ خَيبَرَ بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِن زَرعٍ أو ثَمَرٍ. قال: فكانَ يُعطى أزواجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٧٧٨٦) عن محمد بن المثنى به. والدارقطنى في العلل ٧/ ٢٩٠ من طريق صالح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥١٠٩، ٥١١٠) من طريق جويرية به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٨٥، ٢٤٩٩).","vol":"12","page":108},{"text":"كُلَّ عامٍ مِنه مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ؛ ثَمانينَ وَسْقًا تَمرًا، وعِشرينَ وَسْقًا شَعيرًا، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ -﵁- قَسَمَ خَيبَرَ، فخَيَّرَ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أن يُقطِعَ لَهُنَّ مِنَ الأرضِ والماءِ أو يَضمَنَ لَهُنَّ الوُسوقَ كُلَّ عامٍ، فاختَلَفْنَ؛ فمِنهُنَّ مَنِ اختارَ الأرضَ والماءَ، ومِنهُنَّ مَنِ اختارَ الوُسوقَ، وكانَت عائشَةُ وحَفصَةُ -﵄- مِمَّنِ اختارَتا الأرضَ والماءَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى ضَمْرَةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ: أعطَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَيبَرَ بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِن ثَمرٍ أو زَرعٍ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِى بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن أبى ضَمْرَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن علىِّ بنِ حُجْرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2599>بابُ شَرطِ العَمَلِ في المُساقاةِ على العامِلِ</span>\n\n١١٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنَجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَفَعَ إلَى يَهودِ خَيبَرَ نَخلَ خَيبَرَ وأرضَها على أن يَعتَمِلوها مِن أموالِهِم وأنَّ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَطرَ ثَمَرَتِها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٨٠، ١٨٤ من طريق على بن مسهر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٢٨)، ومسلم (٢/ ١٥٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٠٩)، والنسائي (٣٩٣٩، ٣٩٤٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥/ ١٥٥١).","vol":"12","page":109},{"text":"١١٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ المُهاجِرونَ مِن مَكَةَ إلَى المَدينَةِ قَدِموا ولَيسَ بأيديهِم شَيءٌ، وكانَ الأنصارُ أهلَ الأرضِ والعَقارِ، فقاسَمَهُمُ الأنصارُ على أن أعطَوهُم أنصافَ ثِمارِ أموالِهِم كُلَّ عامٍ، ويَكْفُوهُمُ العَمَلَ والمُؤْنَةَ. وذَكَروا باقِى الحَديثِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا خَرَجَ المُهاجِرونَ مِن مَكَّةَ إلَى المَدينَةِ ولَيس بأيديهِم شَيءٌ، فقاسَمَتْهُمُ الأنصارُ على أن أعطَوْهُم أنصافَ ثِمارِ أموالِهِم في كُلَّ عامٍ على أن يَكْفُوهُمُ المُؤْنَةَ والعَمَلَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ شَبيبٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٢٠)، وابن حبان (٦٢٨٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٣٠).\n(^٣) أسنده ابن حجر في التغليق ٣/ ٣٦٧ من طريق محمد بن أيوب به. وعزاه في نفس الموضع للذهلى في الزهريات عن أحمد بن شبيب به.\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٢٦٣٠)، ومسلم (١٧٧١/ ٧٠).","vol":"12","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2600>كتابُ الإجارةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2601>بابُ جَوازِ الإِجارَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦]. فأجازَ الِإجارَةَ على الرَّضاعِ، وقالَ: ﴿قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَاأَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ﴾ [القصص: ٢٦]. إلَى آخِرِ القِصَّةِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فذَكَرَ اللَّهُ أن نَبيًّا مِن أنبيائِهِ آجَرَ نَفسَه حِجَجًا مُسَمّاةً مَلَكَ بها بُضْعَ امرأةٍ، فدَلَّ على تَجويزِ الإِجارَةِ. قال: وقَد قيلَ: استأجَرَه على أن يَرعَى له. واللَّهُ أعلمُ (١).\n\n١١٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأودِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- في هَذِه القِصَّةِ قال: فقالَ لَها أبوها: ما عِلمُكِ بقوَّتِه وأمانَتِه؟ فقالَت: أمّا قوَّتُه فإِنَّه رَفَعَ الحَجَرَ وحدَه ولا يُطيقُ رَفعَه إلَّا عَشَرَةٌ، وأمَّا أمانَتُه فقَولُه: امشِى خَلفِى وصِفِى لِيَ الطَّريقَ؛ لا تَصِفُ الرّيحُ لِي جَسَدَكِ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٤٦ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ. فذَكَرَه وزادَ قال: فزادَه ذَلِكَ فيه رَغبَةً فقالَ: ﴿إِنِّي\n_________\nالأم ٤/ ٢٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦١/ ٣٧ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"12","page":111},{"text":"أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ [القصص:]. أى في حُسنِ الصُّحبَةِ والوَفاءِ بما قُلتُ، قال موسَى: ﴿ذَلِكَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ أَيَّمَا الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَيْتُ فَلَا عُدْوَانَ عَلَيَّ﴾ [القصص: ٢٨]. قال: نَعَم. قال: ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلَى مَا نَقُولُ وَكِيلٌ﴾. فزَوَّجَه، وأقامَ مَعَه يَكفيه ويَعمَلُ له في رِعايَةِ غَنَمِهِ (^١).\n\n١١٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَل، حدثنا أبى ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ قالا: حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ شُجاع، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيبر قال: لَقِيَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن يَهودِ أهلِ الحِيرَةِ فسألَنِى: أىَّ الأجَلَينِ قَضَى موسَى؟ فقُلتُ: لا أدرِى، سأَقْدَمُ غَدًا على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ. فقَدِمتُ (^٢) فسألتُه فقالَ: قَضَى أكثَرَهُما (^٣) وأطيَبَهُما. فلَقِيتُ اليَهودِىَّ فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: صاحِبُكُم عالِمٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن مَرْوانَ، وزادَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ (^٤) إذا قال فعَلَ. ولَم: يَقُلْ: فلَقِيتُ اليَهودِيَّ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠٧. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦/ ٣٧١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥: \"عليه\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"في أصل المؤلف: أكبرهما\".\n(^٤) قال ابن حجر في الفتح ٥/ ٢٩١: المراد برسول الله من اتصف بذلك، ولم يرد شخصًا بعينه.","vol":"12","page":112},{"text":"إلَى آخِرِهِ (^١).\n\n١١٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ العَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أىَّ الأجَلَينِ قَضَى موسَى؟ قال: \"أبعَدَهُما وأطيَبَهُما\" (^٢).\n\n١١٧٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ -قال سفيانُ ﵀: وكانَ مِن أسنانِى، وكانَ رَجُلًا صالِحًا- عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"سألتُ جِبريلَ ﵇: أىّ الأجَلَينِ قَضَى موسَى ﵇؟ قال: أتَمَّهُما وأكمَلَهُما\" (^٣).\n\n١١٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، حدثنا نافِعٌ، أن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٦٨٤).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٩٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٩/ ٢٩٧٠ من طريق الحميدى به.","vol":"12","page":113},{"text":"عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَينَما ثَلاثَةُ رَهْطَ يَتَمَشَّونَ أخَذَهُمُ المَطَرُ، فأوَوْا إلَى غارٍ في جَبَل، فبَينا هُم فيه حَطَّت صَخرَةٌ مِنَ الجَبَلِ فأطبقَت عَلَيهِم، فقالَ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: انظُروا أفضَلَ أعمالٍ عَمِلتُموها للهِ تَعالَى، فسَلوه بها لَعَلَّه يُفَرِّجُ بها عَنكُم. فقالَ أحَدُهُمُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّه كان لِى والِدانِ كَبيرانِ، وكانَت لى امرأةٌ ووَلَدٌ صِغارٌ، وكُنتُ أرعَى عَلَيهِم، فإِذا رُحتُ عَلَيهِم بَدأتُ بأبَوَىَّ فسَقَيتُهُما، فنأى بى يَومًا الشَّجَرُ فلَم آتِ حَتَّى نامَ أبَواى، فطَيَّبتُ الإناءَ ثُمَّ حَلَبتُ فيه ثُمَّ قُمتُ بحِلابِى عِندَ رأسِ أبَوَىَّ، والصِّبيَةُ يَتَضاغَونَ عِندَ رِجلَيَّ، أكرَهُ أنْ أبدأَ بهِم قبلَ أبَوَيَّ، وأكرَهُ أن أُوقِظَهُما مِن نَومِهِما (^١)، فلَم أزَلْ كَذَلِكَ قائمًا حَتَّى أضاءَ الفَجرُ، اللَّهُمَّ إن كُنتَ تَعلَمُ أنِّى فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ ابتِغَاءَ وجهِكَ فافرُجْ عَنّا فُرجَةً نَرَى مِنها السَّماءَ. ففَرَجَ لَهُم فُرجَةً رَأَوْا مِنها السَّماءَ، وقالَ الآخَرُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّها كانَت لِى ابنَةُ عَمٍّ، فأحبَبتُها حَتَّى كانَت أحَبَّ الناسِ إلَيَّ، فسألتُها نَفسَها، فقالَت: لا، حَتَّى تأتِيَنِي بمِائَةِ دينارٍ. فسَعَيتُ حَتَّى جَمَعتُ مِائَةَ دينارٍ، فأتَيتُها بها، فلَمّا كُنتُ بَينَ رِجلَيها قالَتِ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ، لا تَفتَحِ الخاتَمَ إلَّا بحَقِّه. فقُمتُ عَنها، اللَّهُمَّ إن كُنتَ تَعلَمُ أنِّى فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ ابتِغاءَ وجهِكَ فافرُجْ لَنا (^٢) مِنها فُرجَةً. ففَرَجَ لَهُم مِنها فُرجَةً، وقالَ الثالِثُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى كُنتُ استأجَرتُ أجيرًا بفَرَقِ ذُرَةٍ، فلَمّا قَضَى عَمَلَه عَرَضتُه عَلَيه، فأبَى أن يأخُذَه فرَغِبَ عنه، فلَم أزَلْ أعتَمِلُ به حَتَّى جَمَعتُ مِنه بَقَرًا ورِعاءَها، فجاءَنِى فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وأعطِنِى حَقِّى ولا تَظلِمْنِى. فقُلتُ له: اذهَبْ إلَى تِلكَ البَقَرِ ورِعائِها فخُذْها. فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ ولا تَهزَأْ بي. فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، ص ٥، م: \"نومتهما\".\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"عنا\".","vol":"12","page":114},{"text":"إنِّى لا أَهْزَأُ بكَ، اذهَبْ إلَى تِلكَ البقَرِ ورِعائِها فخُذْها. فذَهَبَ فاستاقَها، اللَّهُمَّ إن كُنتَ تَعلَمُ أنِّى فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ ابتِغاءَ وجهِكَ فافرُجْ عَنّا ما بَقِى مِنها. ففَرَجَ اللّهُ ﷿ عَنهُم، فخَرَجوا يَتَماشَونَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، الاسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ بنِ خالِدٍ السَّمْتِيُّ سنةَ ثَمانٍ وعِشرينَ، حدثنا السَّعيدِىُّ عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن جَدِّه سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما بَعَثَ اللَّه نَبيًّا إلَّا راعِى غَنَمٍ\". قالوا: ولا (^٣) أنتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"وأنا كُنتُ أرعاهما لأهلِ مَكَّةَ بالقَراريطِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ المَكِّىِّ عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n١١٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٧٤) عن يعقوب به. والنسائي في الكبرى -كما في تحفة الأشراف ٦/ ٢٣٦، وابن حبان (٨٩٧) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤٣)، والبخارى (٢٢١٥، ٢٣٣٣).\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"و\".\n(^٤) اختلف في المراد بالقراريط؛ فقيل: هو موضع بمكة، وقيل: جمع قيراط الذى هو جزء من الدرهم أو الدينار. وينظر فتح البارى ٤/ ٤٤١.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٤٩) من طريق عمرو بن يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢٦٢).","vol":"12","page":115},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ فُضيلٍ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ بَدرٍ. وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ العَمِّيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ والرَّبيعُ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: استأجَرَتْ خَديجَةُ -﵂- رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَفْرَتَينِ إلَى جرَشَ (^١)، كُلُّ سَفْرَةٍ بقَلُوصٍ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى محمدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"آجَرتُ نَفسِى مِن خَديجَةَ سَفْرَتَينِ بقَلوصٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ قال: قال الزُّهرِيُّ: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: واستأجَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ -﵁- رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى الدِّيلِ ثُمَّ مِن بَنِى عَبّادٍ هاديًا خِرِّيتًا -والخِرِّيتُ: الماهِرُ بالهِدايَةِ- قَد غَمَسَ يَدَه في حِلفِ آلِ العاصِ ابنِ وائلٍ، وهو على دينِ كُفّارِ قُرَيشٍ، فأَمِناه (^٤) ودَفَعا إلَيه راحِلَتَيهِما، وواعَداه غارَ ثَورٍ بعدَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ، فأتاهُما براحِلَتَيهِما صَبيحَةَ اللَّيالى الثَّلاثِ، فارتَحَلا، وانطَلَقَ عامِرُ بنُ فُهَيرَةَ والدَّليلُ، فأخَذَ بهِم طَريقَ أذاخِرَ وهِى في\n_________\n(^١) جُرَش: بضم ففتح، موضمع باليمن. معجم ما استعجم ٢/ ٧٣٦. وبفتحتين، بلد بالشام. النهاية ١/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) القَلوص: الناقة الشابة. النهاية ٤/ ١٠٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٦٥، والحاكم ٣/ ١٨٢.\n(^٤) ضبطه في الأصل، ز، ص ٦ بمد الهمزة، لكن قال في عمدة القارى ١٧/ ٤٧: بقصر الهمزة وكسر الميم، أى ائتمناه.","vol":"12","page":116},{"text":"طَريقِ السّاحِلِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما مَثَلُكُم ومَثَلُ أهلِ الكِتابَينِ قَبلَكُم مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ استأجَرَ أجيرًا، فقالَ: مَن يَعمَلُ ما بَينَ غُدوَة إلَى نِصفِ النَّهارِ على قيراطٍ؟ فعَمِلَتِ النَّصارَى، ثمَّ قال: مَن يَعمَلُ لِى ما بَينَ نِصفِ النَّهارِ إلَى العَصرِ على قِيراطٍ؟ فعَمِلَتِ اليَهودُ، ثُمَّ قال: مَن يَعمَلُ لِى ما بَينَ العَصرِ إلَى المَغرِبِ على قِيراطَينِ؟ فعَمِلتُم أنتُم، فغَضِبَتِ اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى وقالوا: ما لَنا أكثَرَ عَمَلًا وأقَلَّ عَطاءً؟! قال: هَل نَقَصتُكُم مِن حَقِّكُم شَيئًا؟ قالوا: لا. فقالَ: إنَّما هو فضلِى أُوتِيه مَن أشاءُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤)، وبِمَعناه رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\nورَواه سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبيه كما:\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٤٣). وأخرجه البخاري (٢٢٦٤، ٣٩٠٥) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٠٨) من طريق أيوب به. وعنده اليهود أولًا ثم النصارى.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٦٨). وفيه اليهود أولًا ثم النصارى.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٠٢)، والبخارى (٢٢٦٩، ٥٠٢١)، والترمذى (٢٨٧١)، وابن حبان (٦٦٣٩، ٧٢١٧) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به. وعند الجميع اليهود أولًا، ثم النصارى.","vol":"12","page":117},{"text":"١١٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ (^١) أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو قائمٌ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: \"إنَّما بَقاؤُكُم فيما سَلَفَ قَبلَكُم مِنَ الأُمَمِ كما بَينَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ إلَى غُروبِ الشَّمسِ؛ أُعطِى أهلُ التَّوراةِ التَّوراةَ، فعَمِلوا بها حَتَّى انتَصَفَ النَّهارُ ثُمَّ عَجَزوا، فأُعطُوا قيراطًا قيراطًا، وأُعطِى أهلُ الإِنجيلِ الإِنجيلَ، فعَمِلوا به حَتَّى صَلاةِ العَصرِ ثُمَّ عَجَزوا، فأُعطُوا قيراطًا قيراطًا، ثُمَّ أُعطِيتُمُ القُرآنَ، فعَمِلتُم به حَتَّى غُروبِ الشَّمسِ، فأُعطِيتُم قيراطَينِ قيراطَينِ، فقالَ أهلُ التَّوراةِ والإِنجيلِ: رَبَّنا هَؤُلاءِ أقَلُّ عَمَلًا وأكثَرُ أجرًا! فقالَ: هَل ظَلَمتُكُم مِن أجرِكُم مِن شَئ؟ قالوا: لا. فقالَ: فضلِى أُوتِيه مَن أشاءُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ سالِمٍ عن أبيه وأبيَنَ مِنه:\n\n١١٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ وإِبراهيمُ الجَوهَرِىُّ والمَسروقِىُّ، قالوا جَميعًا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن عبد الله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٢٩) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٥٧).","vol":"12","page":118},{"text":"أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَثَلُ المُسلِمينَ واليَهودِ والنَّصارَى كَمَثَلِ رَجُلِ استأجَرَ قَومًا يَعمَلونَ عَمَلًا يَومًا إلَى اللَّيلِ على أجرٍ مَعلومٍ، فعَمِلوا إلَى نِصفِ النَّهارِ ثُمَّ قالوا: لا حاجَةَ لَنا في أُجرَتِكَ التى شَرَطتَ لَنا، وما عَمِلنا باطِلٌ. فقالَ لَهُم: لا تَفعَلوا، اعمَلوا بَقيَّةَ يَومِكُم ثُمَّ خُذوا أجرَكُم كامِلًا. فأبَوْا وتَرَكوا ذَلِكَ عَلَيه، فاستأجَرَ قَومًا آخَرينَ مِن بَعدِهِم فقالَ: اعمَلوا بَقيَّةَ يَومِكُم هذا ولَكُمُ الَّذِى شَرَطتُ لِهَؤُلاءِ مِنَ الأجرِ. فعَمِلوا حَتَّى إذا كان حينَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ قالوا: ما عَمِلنا باطِلٌ، ولَكَ الأجرُ الَّذِى جَعَلتَ لَنا، لا حاجَةَ لَنا فيه. فقالَ لَهُم: كَمِّلوا بَقِيَّةَ عَمَلِكُم؛ فإِنَّما بَقِى مِنَ النَّهارِ شَيءٌ يَسيرٌ، وخُذوا أجرَكُم. فأبَوْا عَلَيه، فاستأجَرَ قَومًا آخَرينَ، فعَمِلوا له بَقيَّةَ يَومِهِم حَتَّى إذا غابَتِ الشَّمسُ واستَكمَلوا أجرَ الفَريقَينِ والأَجرَ كُلَّه، فذَلِكَ مَثَلُ اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى الَّذينَ تَرَكوا ما أمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ، ومَثَلُ المُسلِمينَ الَّذين قَبِلوا هُدَى اللَّهِ وما جاءَ به رسولُه -ﷺ-\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عيسَى بنُ حامِدٍ الرُّخَّجِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ الوَشّاءُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أمَرَنا بالصَّدَقَةِ انطَلَقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٢١٨) عن أبى يعلى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٨، ٢٢٧١).","vol":"12","page":119},{"text":"أحَدُنا إلَى السُّوقِ يَتَحامَلُ (^١) فيُصيبُ المُدَّ، وإِنَّ لِبَعضِهِم مِائَةَ ألفٍ. وما أُراه يَعنِى إلَّا نَفسَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ الشافِعِىُّ (^٤) ﵀ بحَديثِ حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ عن رافِعِ بنِ خَدِيجٍ في كِراءِ الأرضِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، وبِأنَّ غَيرَ واحِدٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَمِلَ بالِإجارَةِ، وذَكَرَ ما:\n\n١١٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ تَكارَى (^٥) أرضًا، فلَم تَزَلْ بيَدِه حَتَّى هَلَكَ، قال ابنُه: فما كُنتُ أُراها إلَّا أنَّها له، مِن طُولِ ما مَكَثَتْ بيَدِه، حَتَّى ذَكَرَها عِندَ مَوتِه، وأمَرَنا بقَضاءِ شَئٍ بَقِى عَلَيه مِن كِرائِها مِن ذَهَبٍ أو وَرِقٍ (^٦).\n\n١١٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، عن أبيه، عن حَنَشٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أصابَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) يتحامل: أى يتكلف بالأجرة ليكسب ما يتصدق به. حاشية السندى على ابن ماجه (٤١٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٤١٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائي (٢٥٢٨) من طريق شقيق به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤١٦، ٢٢٧٣).\n(^٤) في الأم ٤/ ٢٥.\n(^٥) تكارى: استأجر. ينظر التاج ٣٩/ (ك ر ى).\n(^٦) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٤/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧١٢.","vol":"12","page":120},{"text":"خَصاصَةٌ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا -﵁-، فخَرَجَ يَلتَمِسُ عَمَلًا ليُصيبَ فيه شَيئًا يَبعَثُ به إلَى نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأتَى بُستانًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ، فاستَقَى له سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ دَلْوًا كُلُّ دَلوٍ بتَمرَةٍ، فخَيَّرَه اليَهودِىُّ مِن تَمرِه سَبعَةَ عَشرَ تَمرَةً عَجوَةً (^١)، فجاءَ بها إلَى نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ هذا يا أبا الحَسَنِ؟ \". قال: بَلَغَنِى ما بكَ مِنَ الخَصاصَةِ يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، فخَرَجتُ ألتَمِسُ عَمَلًا لأُصيبَ لَكَ طَعامًا. قال: \"فحَمَلَكَ على هذا حَبُّ اللَّهِ ورسولِه؟ \". قال علىُّ: نَعَمْ يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ. فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن عبدٍ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه إلَّا الفَقرُ أسرَعُ إلَيه مِن جِريَةِ السَّيلِ على وجهِه، مَن أحَبَّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه فليكِدَّ تِجفافًا\". وإِنَّما يَعنِى الصَّبرَ (^٢).\nورُوِى عن يَزيدَ بنِ زيادٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعب قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ علىَّ ابنَ أبى طالِبٍ. فذَكَرَ بَعضَ مَعنَى هذه القِصَّةِ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا علىُّ مُعتَجِرًا ببُرْدٍ مُشتَمِلًا في خَميصَةٍ فقالَ: لَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ﴾ [الذاريات: ٥٤] لَم يَبقَ أحَدٌ مِنّا إلَّا أيقَنَ بالهَلَكَةِ؛ إذ أُمِرَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- أن يَتَوَلَّى عَنّا\n_________\n(^١) فخيره اليهودى ...: أى أعطاه اليهودى الخيار من التمر، لاأن العجوة أعلى أنواعها. شرح سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ١٨٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٤٦) مختصرًا، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦/ ٣٨٥ من طريق المعتمر به، وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٥٠: حنش ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٧٣، ٢٤٧٦) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"12","page":121},{"text":"حينَ نَزَلَت، وذَكَرَ علىُّ -﵁- أنَّه مَرَّ بامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ وبَينَ يَدَىْ بابِها طينٌ قُلتُ: تُريدينَ أن تبلِّى هذا الطّينَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. فشارَطتُها على كُلِّ ذَنوبٍ بتَمرَةٍ، فبَلَلتُه لَها وأعطَتنِى سِتَّةَ عَشرَ تَمرَةً، فجِئتُ بها إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nورُوِى عن فاطِمَةَ -﵂- في نَزْعِ علىٍّ -﵁- ليَهودِىٍّ، كُلَّ دَلْوٍ بتَمرَةٍ (^٢). ورُوِى عن أبى هريرةَ في استِقاءِ رَجُلٍ غَيرِ مُسَمًّى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2602>بابٌ: لا تَجوزُ الإِجارَةُ حَتَّى تَكونَ مَعلومَةً، وتَكونَ الأُجرَةُ مَعلومَةً</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما رُوِّينا في كِتابِ البُيوعِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^٤)، والِإجاراتُ صنفٌ مِنَ البُيوعِ، والجَهالَةُ فيها غَرَرٌ.\n\n١١٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُساوِمُ الرَّجُلُ على سَومِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبُ على خِطبَةِ أخيه، ولا تَناجَشوا، ولا تَبايَعوا بإلقاءِ الحَجَرِ، ومَنِ استأجَرَ أجيرًا فلْيكلِمْه أجرَه\" (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٥) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه هناد في الزهد (٧٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٤٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٥١٥، ١٠٥١٦، ١٠٧٠٩، ١٠٩٥٠، ١٠٩٥١).\n(^٥) أخرجه محمد بن الحسن في الآثار (٧٥٠)، والكلاعى في مسنده -كما في جامع المسانيد للخوارزمي ٢/ ٤٤ من طريق أبى حنيفة به، وعندهما: عن أبى هريرة وأبى سعيد.","vol":"12","page":122},{"text":"كَذا رَواه أبو حَنيفَةَ، وكَذا في كِتابِي: عن أبى هريرةَ، وقيلَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ: عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^١).\n\n١١٧٦٢ - ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن استِئجارِ الأجيرِ، يَعنِى: حَتَّى يُبَيَّنَ له أجرُه. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهو مُرسَلٌ بَينَ إبراهيمَ وأبِى سعيدٍ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعمَرٌ عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n١١٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّاد، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهِيعَةَ، جَميعًا عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ لَقيطٍ أخبَرَه عن مالكِ بنِ هِدْمٍ، يَعنِى عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: غَزَونا وعَلَينا عمرُو بنُ العاصِ وفينا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وأبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، فأصابَتنا مَخمَصَةٌ شَديدَةٌ، فانطَلَقتُ ألتَمِسُ المَعيشَةَ، فألفَيتُ قَومًا يُريدونَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر أطراف الغرائب للدارقطنى (٣٧٢٣)، والسلسلة الضعيفة (٢٣١٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود في المراسيل (١٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٠٢٣) عن معمو به، وفيه: عن أبى هريرة وأبى سعيد أو أحدهما.","vol":"12","page":123},{"text":"يَنحَرونَ جَزورًا لَهُم فقُلتُ: إن شِئتُم كَفَيتُكُم نَحرَها وعَمَلَها وأعطونِى مِنها. ففَعَلتُ، فأعطوْنِى مِنها شَيئًا، فصَنَعتُه ثُمَّ أتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فسألَنِى: مِن أينَ هو؟ فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ: أسمَعُكَ قَد تَعَجَّلتَ أجرَكَ. وأبَى أن يأكُلَه، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ لِى مِثلَها وأبَى أن يأكُلَه، فلَمّا رأيتُ ذَلِكَ تَرَكتُها، قال: ثُمَّ أبرَدُونِى (^١) في فتح لَنا، فقَدِمَتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"صاحِبُ الجَزورِ\". ولَم يَرُدَّ (^٢) عليَّ شَيئًا. وفِى حَديثِ سعيدٍ: لَم يَزِدْنِى على ذَلِكَ (^٣). قال الشيخُ: وفِى هذا أن الأُجْرَةَ كانَت مَجهولَة وفِى الذِّمَّةِ مُتَعَلِّقَةً بعَينٍ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٧٦٤ - ورُوِى عن محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ القاضِى، عن حَفصِ بنِ غِيَاثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا: \"أَعطُوا الأجيرَ أجرَه قبلَ أن يَجِفَّ عَرَقُه، وأعلِمْه أجرَه وهو في عَمَلِه\". أخبرَناه أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ أبى عمرٍو (^٤)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عِمرانَ العَطارُ (^٥) الِإسفَرايِينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عِمرانَ بنِ أبى الوَردِ\n_________\n(^١) أبرد بريدًا: أرسل رسولا. غريب الحديث لابن الجرزى ١/ ٦٤.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل، ز، س: \"يزد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤٠٥، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٣٨، وليس في ذكر عوف بن مالك. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٧٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٤) لعله سعيد بن محمد بن أحمد أبو عثمان البحيرى، قال عبد الغافر: شيخ كبير ثقة من بيت التزكية والعدالة. سمع بمرو \"الصحيح\" من الكشميهنى. توفى سنة (٤٥١ هـ). المنتخب (٧٢٩)، وتكملة الإكمال ١/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"القطان\".","vol":"12","page":124},{"text":"المَقدِسِىُّ بإِسفَرايِينَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى زَيدٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ. فذَكَرَه. وهَذا ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\n\n١١٧٦٥ - وأمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: نَشأتُ يَتيمًا، وهاجَرتُ مِسكينًا، وكُنتُ أجيرًا لابنِ عَفّانَ وابنَةِ غَزْوانَ على طَعامِ بَطنِى وعُقبَةِ رِجلِى، أَحْطِبُ (^١) لَهُم إذا نَزَلوا، وأَحْدُو بهِم إذا ساروا، فالحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى جَعَلَ الدّينَ قِوامًا وأبا هريرةَ إمامًا (^٢).\nفلَيسَ في هذا أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عَلِمَ به فأقَرَّهُم على ذَلِكَ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هذا مواضَعَةً بَينَهُم على سَبيلِ التَّراضِى لا على سَبحلِ التَّعاقُدِ.\n\n١١٧٦٦ - وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵁- لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يَدفَعَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ الثَّوبَ فيَقولَ: بِعْه بكَذا وكَذا، فما زِدتَ فهو لَكَ. وهو فيما أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيم، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أحتطب\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٣٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٤٥) من طريق سليم بن حيان به.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٦٥٢) عن هشيم به.","vol":"12","page":125},{"text":"وهَذا أيضًا يَكونُ على سَبيلِ المُراضاةِ لا على سَبيلِ المُعاقَدَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2603>بابُ إثمِ مَن مَنَعَ الأجيرَ أجرَهُ</span>\n\n١١٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَنَّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال اللُّهُ ﷿: ثَلَاثةٌ أنا خَصمُهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ، ومَن كُنتُ خَصْمَه خَصَمتُه؛ رَجُلٌ أُعطَى بى ثُمَّ غَدَرَ، ورَجُلٌ باعَ حُرًّا فأكلَ ثَمَنَه، ورَجُلٌ استأجَرَ أجيرًا استَوفَى مِنه ولَم يُوفِه\" (^١).\n\n١١٧٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قتَيبَةَ سَلمُ (^٢) بنُ الفَضلِ الأَدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سابِقٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ يَعنِى الحَسَنَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ الصَبّاحِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١٥٩، ١١١٦٠).\n(^٢) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"سلمة\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ١٠٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٣٢).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٧٠).","vol":"12","page":126},{"text":"مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أَعْطِ الأجيرَ أجرَه قبلَ أن يَجِفَّ عَرَقُه\" (^١).\n\n١١٧٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سُوَيدٌ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَمّارٍ المُؤَذِّنُ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعطِ الأجيرَ أجرَه قبلَ أن يَجِفَّ عَرَقُه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2604>بابُ كِراءِ الإبِلِ والدَّوابِّ</span>\n\n١١٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا أبو أُمامَةَ التَّيمِىُّ قال: كُنتُ رَجُلًا أُكرِى في هذا الوَجهِ، وكانَ ناسٌ يَقولونَ لِي: أن لَيسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ، فلَقِيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنِّى لَرَجُل أُكرِى في هذا الوَجهِ، وإِنَ ناسًا يَقولونَ لِى: إنَّه لَيسَ لَكَ حَجٌّ. قال: ألَيسَ تُحْرِمُ وتُلَبِّى وتَطوفُ بالبَيتِ وتُفيضُ مِن عَرَفاتٍ وتَرمِى الجِمارَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فإِنَّ لَكَ حَجًّا؟ جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فسألَه عن مِثلِ ما سألتَنى عنه، فسَكَتَ عنه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٦٨٢)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٩٦، وتمام في فوائده (٧٠٣ - الروض)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥١/ ٢٠ من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به، ولفظ أبى يعلى: \"يجف رشحه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٣٣). وأخرجه ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٣٥ من طريق سويد به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٠١٤) من طريق محمد بن عمار به.","vol":"12","page":127},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلَم يُجِبْه، حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٨] فأرسَلَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقَرأ عَلَيه هذه الآيَةَ ثُمَّ قال: \"لَكَ حَجٌّ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2605>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن تأخيِر الأحمالِ ليَكونَ أسهَلَ على الجِمالِ وغَيِرها</span>\n\n١١٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَسلَمَةَ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- يُنادِى: أخِّروا الأحمالَ؛ فإِنَّ الأيدِى مُعَلَّقَةٌ والأرجُلَ مُوثَقَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١١٧٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ نَوفَلِ ابنِ (^٣) عُروةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو المُغيرَةِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبى أنَّه كان مَعَ أبيه بمِنَّى، فسَمِعَ مُناديًا يُنادِى: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، أخِّروا الأحمالَ؛ فإِنَّ الرِّجْلَ مُوثَقَةٌ، وِإنَ اليَدَ مُعَلَّقَةٌ. فقُلتُ لأبِى: مَن هَذا؟ قال: عُمَرُ. قال يَعقوبُ: مَسلَمَةُ كوفِىُّ ثِقَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٧٣٠).\n(^٢) ينظر التخريج التالى.\n(^٣) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٣٧.","vol":"12","page":128},{"text":"ورُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ غَيرِ قَوِىٍّ:\n\n١١٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلْتِ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَمَلتُم فأخِّروا، فإِنّ اليَدَ مُعَلَّقَة والرِّجلَ مُوثَقَةٌ\" (^١). وصَلَه قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ عن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ.\nورَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن وائلٍ أو بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ -هَكَذا بالشَّكِّ- عن الزُّهرِىِّ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أخِّروا الأحمالَ، فإِنَّ الأيدِى مُعَلَّقَةٌ والأرجُلَ مُوثَقَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2606>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَضميِن الأُجَراءِ</span>\n\n١١٧٧٥ - فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ الأصَمِّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ قالَ: قَد ذَهَبَ إلَى تَضمينِ القَصّارِ (^٣) شُرَيحٌ، فضَمَّنَ قَصّارًا احتَرَقَ بَيتُه، فقالَ: تُضَمِّنُنِى وقَدِ احتَرَقَ بَيتِى؟ فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: أرأيتَ لَوِ احتَرَقَ بَيتُه، كُنتَ تَترُكُ له أجرَكَ؟ أخبرَنا بهَذا عنه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٧٧٨٠)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٥٠٨)، والخطيب في تاريخه ١٣/ ٤٥ من طريق محمد بن الصلت به. والبزار (٧٧٨١)، وأبو يعلى (٥٨٥٢) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٢) ينظر أطراف الغرائب (٥٠٣٨)، والعلل للدارقطنى ٩/ ١٨٥، والسلسلة الصحيحة (١١٣٠).\n(^٣) قصرتُ الثوب: بيضته، والقصارة بالكسر: الصناعة، والفاعِل قصار. المصباح المنير ص ١٩٣ (ق ص ر).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٢٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٩٦.","vol":"12","page":129},{"text":"قال الشافِعِىُّ: وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ لا يُثبِتُ أهلُ الحديثِ مِثلَه أن عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ ضَمَّنَ الغَسّالَ والصَّباغَ وقالَ: لا يُصلِحُ الناسَ إلَّا ذَلِكَ. أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا قال ذَلِكَ. قال: ويُروَى عن عُمَرَ تَضمينُ بَعضِ الصُّناعِ مِن وجهٍ أضعَفَ مِن هذا، ولَم نَعلَمْ واحِدًا مِنهُما يَثبُتُ. قال: وقَد رُوِى عن علىٍّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أنَّه كان لا يُضَمِّنُ أحَدًا مِنَ الأُجَراءِ مِن وجهٍ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه. وثابِتٌ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: لا ضَمانَ على صانِعٍ ولا على أجيرٍ (^١).\n\n١١٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ابنُ شَبّانَ (^٢) العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقي بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن على أنَّه كان يُضَمِّنُ الصُّناعَ (^٣) والصّائغَ، وقالَ: لا يَصلُحُ لِلناسِ (^٤) إلَّا ذاكَ (^٥).\n\n١١٧٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ شَبّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٧٢٢)، والأم ٧/ ٩٦، ٩٧.\n(^٢) ضبطه في الأصل بفتح الشين، وكتب في الحاشية: \"قلت: ضبط في أصل المؤلف شُبان بضم الشين، والله أعلم\". وتقدم في (١١٣٤٠).\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٥، م: \"الصباغ\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الناس\".\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٣٩).","vol":"12","page":130},{"text":"حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، أن عَليًّا كان يُضَمِّنُ الأجيرَ (^١).\nحَديثُ جَعفَرٍ عن أبيه عن على مُرسَلٌ، وأهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ يُضَعِّفونَ أحاديثَ خِلاسٍ عن علىٍّ.\nوقَد رَوَى جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢) - عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان علىٌّ يُضمِّنُ الأجيرَ (^٣). فاللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الأشعَثِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: شَهِدتُ شُرَيحًا ضَمَّنَ قَصّارًا أو صَبّاغًا (^٤).\n\n١١٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الهَيثَمِ أنَّه قَدِمَ دُهنٌ له مِنَ البَصرةِ، وأنَه استأجَرَ حَمّالًا يَحمِلُه، والقارورَةُ ثَمَنُ ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ أو أربَعِمِائَةٍ، فوَقَعَتِ القارورَةُ فانكَسَرَت، فأرَدتُ أن يُصالحَنِى فأبَى، فخاصَمتُه إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ له شُرَيحٌ: إنَّما أعطَى\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٧٢٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٧٢٢).\n(^٤) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٢٧٠).","vol":"12","page":131},{"text":"الأجرَ (^١) لِتَضمَنَ. فضَمَّنَه شُرَيحٌ (^٢)، لَم يَزَلِ الناسُ حَتَّى صالَحتُه (^٣).\n\n١١٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سألتُ إبراهيمَ عن القَصّارِ فقالَ: يَضمَنُ. فبَلَغَنِى عن حَمّادٍ أنَّه يَروِى عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه قال: لا يَضمَنُ. قال: فلَقِيتُه فقُلتُ: واللَّهِ ما أدرِى رأيتُكَ عِندَ إبراهيمَ قَطُّ أم لا. قالَ: فقالَ: لا تَفعَل يا أبا محمدٍ؛ فإِنَ هذا يَشُقُّ عليَّ (^٤). واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2607>بابٌ: لا ضَمانَ على [المُكتَرِى فيما اكتَرَى] (^٥) إلَّا أن يَتَعَدَّى</span>\nورُوِّينا عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ على مُستَكرِى ضَمانٌ. فإِن تَعَدَّى فجاوَزَ عَلَيها الوَقتَ فعَطِبَت، قال شُرَيحٌ: يَجتَمِعُ عَلَيه الكِراءُ والضَّمانُ (^٦).\n\n١١٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: أيُّما\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، س، ص ٦: \"الأجرة\" وفى ز: \"أجرة\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"ثم\". وكتب في الأصل، ص ٦ فوق كلمة: \"لم \". \"كذا\".\n(^٣) ينظر القضاء لسريج بن يونس (٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (٦١٥٥)، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ٣٠٦ من طريق ابن أبى زائدة به.\n(^٥) في س، ز: \"المكرى فيما أكرى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤١٦، ٢٠٤١٨).","vol":"12","page":132},{"text":"رَجُلٍ أكرَى كِراءً فجاوَزَ صاحِبُه ذا الحُلَيفَةِ فقَد وجَبَ كِراؤُه ولا ضَمانَ عَلَيهِ. يُريدُ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- قَبَضَ [المُكتَرِى ما اكتَرَى] (^١) وجاوَزَ ذا الحُلَيفَةِ فقَد وجَبَ عَلَيه جَميعُ الكِراءِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ شَرَطَ في الأُجرَةِ أجَلًا، ولا ضَمانَ عَلَيه إذا لَم يَتَعَدَّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2608>بابٌّ: الإمامُ يَضمَنُ والمُعَلِّمُ يَغرَمُ مَن صارَ مَقتولًا بتَعزيرِ الإمامِ وتأديبِ المُعَلِّمِ</span>\n\n١١٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: التَّعزيرُ أدَبٌ لا حَدٌّ مِن حُدودِ اللَّه، وقَد كان يَجوزُ تَركُه، [ألَا تَرَى أنَّ] (^٢) أُمورًا قَد فُعِلَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كانَت غَيرَ حُدودٍ فلَم يَضرِبْ فيها، مِنها الغُلولُ في سَبيلِ اللَّه وغَيرُ ذَلِكَ، ولَم يُؤتَ بحَدٍّ قَطُّ فعَفا (^٣). قال: وقيلَ: بَعَثَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى امرأةٍ في شَئٍ بَلَغَه عَنها فأسقَطَت، فاستَشارَ فقالَ له قائلٌ: أنتَ مُؤَدِّبٌ. فقالَ له علىُّ: إنْ كان اجتَهَدَ فقَد أخطأ، وإِن لَم يَجتَهِدْ فقَد غَشَّ، عَلَيكَ الدِّيَةُ. قال: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ ألَّا تَجلِسَ حَتَّى تَضرِبَها على قَومِكَ. قال: وقالَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: ما أحَدٌ يَموتُ في حَدٍّ فأجِدُ في نَفسِى مِنه شَيئًا، الحَقُّ قَتلُه، إلَّا مَن ماتَ في حَدِّ خَمرٍ؛ فإِنَّه شَيءٌ رأيناه بعدَ\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"المكرى ما أكرى\".\n(^٢) في م: \"إلَّا أن يرى\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فعفاه\".","vol":"12","page":133},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فمَن ماتَ فيه فدِيَتُه؛ إمّا قال: على بَيتِ المالِ. وإِمّا قال: على عاقِلَةِ الإمامِ (^١).\n\n١١٧٨٣ - وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه أن أبا الوَليدِ الفقيهَ أخبَرَهُم قال: حدثنا الماسَرْجِسِىُّ أبو العباسِ، حدثنا شَيْبانُ، حدثنا (^٢) سَلَّامٌ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- بَلَغَه أنَّ امرأةً بَغِيَّةً يَدخُلُ عَلَيها الرِّجالُ، فبَعَثَ إلَيها رسولا، فأتاها الرَّسولُ فقالَ: أجيبِى أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. ففَزِعَت فَزْعَةً فوَقَعَتِ الفَزْعَةُ في رَحِمِها، فتَحَرَّكَ ولَدُها، فخَرَجَت، فأخَذَها (^٣) المَخاضُ فألقَتْ غُلامًا جَنينًا، فأُتِيَ عُمَرُ بذَلِكَ، فأرسَلَ إلَى المُهاجِرينَ فقَصَّ عَلَيهِم أمرَها فقالَ: ما تَرَونَ؟ فقالوا: ما نَرَى عَلَيكَ شَيئًا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ إنَّما أنتَ مُعَلِّمٌ ومُؤَدِّبٌ. وفِى القَومِ علىُّ وعَلِىٌّ ساكِتٌ، قال: فما تَقولُ أنتَ يا أبا الحَسَنِ؟ قال: أقولُ: إن كانوا قارَبوكَ في الهَوَى فقَد أثِموا، وإِن كان هذا جُهدَ رأيِهِم فقَد أخطَئوا، وأرَى عَلَيكَ الدِّيَةَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: صَدَقتَ. اذهَبْ فاقسِمْها على قَومِكَ.\n\n١١٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطىُّ بها، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ القَصّارُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) في ص ٥: \"بن\".\n(^٣) في س: \"فأجاءها\".","vol":"12","page":134},{"text":"وقَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: ما مِن صاحِبِ حَدٍّ أُقيمُ عَيه أجِدُ في نَفسِى عَلَيه شَيئًا، إلَّا صاحِبَ الخَمرِ لَو ماتَ لَوَدَيتُه؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَسُنَّه (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ: لَم يَسُنَّ ما وراءَ الأربَعينَ إلَى الثَّمانينَ، وهو ما زادوا على حَدِّه على وجهِ التَّعزيرِ، فأمّا الأربَعونَ بالجَريدِ والنِّعالِ وأطرافِ الثّيابِ فهو حَدٌّ ثابِتٌ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n١١٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنَا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الِإسفَرايِينِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج، عن عَطاءٍ في المُعَلِّمِ يَضرِبُ الغُلامَ على التّأديبِ فيَعْطَبُ، قال: يَغرَمُه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2609>بابُ أخذِ الأُجرَةِ على تَعليمِ القُرآنِ والرُّقيَةِ بهِ</span>\n\n١١٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ السَّمَرقَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَؤيدَ يَعنِى أبا مَعشَرٍ البَرّاءَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٤، ١٠٨٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٤٤٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦٩) من طريق أبى حصين به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٧٨)، ومسلم (١٧٠٧/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٧٢٥).","vol":"12","page":135},{"text":"حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرُّوا بماءٍ وفيهِم لَديغٌ - أو سَليمٌ - فعَرَضَ لَهُم رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الماءِ فقالَ لهم (^١): هَل فيكُم مِن راقٍ؟ إنَّ في الماءِ رَجُلًا (^٢) لَديغًا -أو سَليمًا- فانطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فقَرأَ أُمَّ الكِتابِ على شاءٍ، فبَرَأَ فجاءَ بالشاءِ إلَى أصحابِه، فكَرِهوا ذَلِكَ وقالوا: أخَذْتَ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ أجرًا؟! فأتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأخبَرَه بما كان، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أحَقَّ ما أخَذتُم عَلَيه أجرًا كِتابُ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سِيدانَ بنِ مُضارِبٍ عن أبى مَعشَرٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ الحَوضىُّ ومُسَدَّدٌ والحَجَبىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بِشرٍ، عن أبى المُتَوَكِّلِ الناجِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، أن رَهطًا مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- انطَلَقوا في سَفْرَةٍ سافَروها حَتَّى نَزَلوا بحَيٍّ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ، فاستَضافوهُم فأبَوْا أن يُضَيِّفُوهُم، فلُدِغَ سَيِّدُ الحَىِّ، فسَعَوا له بكُل شَئٍ، لا، يَنفَعُه (^٥) شَيءٌ، حَتَّى قال بَعضهُم: لَو أتَيتُم هَؤُلاءِ الرَّهطَ الَّذينَ نَزَلوا بكُم لَعَلَّه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، ص ٦. وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وكتب فوتها: \"بخطه لا\".\n(^٢) ليس في: ز.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٥٢). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٤٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٧٣٧).\n(^٥) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"في\".","vol":"12","page":136},{"text":"أن يَكونَ عِندَ بَعضِهِم شَيءٌ يَنفَعُ صاحِبَكُم. فأتَوهُم فقالوا: أيُّها الرَّهطُ، إنَّ سَيِّدَنا لُدِغَ، فسَعَينا له بكُلِّ شَئٍ، [لا يَنفَعُه شَيءٌ] (^١)، فهَل عِندَ أحَدٍ مِنكُم شَيءٌ يَنفَعُ صاحِبَنا؟ قال رَجُلٌ مِنهُم: نَعَمْ، واللَّهِ إنِّى لَأَرْقِى، ولَكِن واللَّهِ لَقَدِ استَضَفناكُم فأبَيتُم أن تُضيِّفونا؛ فما أنا براقٍ حَتَّى تَجعَلوا لَنا جُعلًا. فصالَحوهُم على قَطيعِ مِنَ الغَنَمِ. قال: فانطَلَقَ فجَعَلَ يَتفُلُ عَلَيه ويَقولُ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الفاتحة: ٢]. حَتَّى بَرَأَ فكأنَّما نُشِطَ مِن عِقالٍ حَتَّى انطَلَقَ يَمشِى ما به قَلَبَة (^٢)، فأوفَوْهُم جُعْلَهُمُ الَّذِى صالَحوهُم عَلَيه، فقالَ: اقسِموا. فقالَ الَّذِى رَقَى: لا تَفعَلوا حَتَّى نأتِيَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فنَذكُرَ له الَّذِى كان فنَنظُرَ ما يأمُرُنا. قالَ: فغَدَوْا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فضحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"ما يُدريكَ أنَّها رُقيَةٌ؟ \". قال: وقالَ: \"أصَبتُمُ، اقتَسِموا واضرِبوا لِى مَعَكُم بسَهْمٍ\". قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حُدِّثنا بهَذا الحديثِ عن (^٣) كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم على الانفِرادِ، وزادَ بَعضهُم على بَعضٍ في الحديث، والمَعنَى واحِدٌ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٥)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن أبى بشرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في س.\n(^٢) قلبة: ألم وعلة. النهاية ٤/ ٩٨.\n(^٣) في ز: \"من \".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤١٨، ٣٩٠٠) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (١٠٩٨٥)، والترمذى (٢٠٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢١٥٦) من طريق أبى بشر جعفر بن إياس به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢٧٦، ٥٧٤٩).\n(^٦) البخارى (عقب ٢٢٧٦) معلقًا، (٥٧٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٠١/ ٦٥).","vol":"12","page":137},{"text":"وحَديثُ المُزَوَّجَةِ على تَعليمِ القُرآنِ دَليل فيه، ومَوضِعُه كِتابُ الصَّداقِ (^١).\n\n١١٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَبّانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الجَمّالُ (^٢)، حدثنا إدريسُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ موسَى الدِّمَشقِىُّ، عن الوَضينِ بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: ثَلاثَةٌ مُعَلِّمونَ كانوا بالمَدينَةِ يُعَلِّمونَ الصَّبيانَ، وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يَرزُقُ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا كُلَّ شَهرٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ قال: سألتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ قُرَّةَ عن أجرِ المُعَلِّمِ قال: أرَى له أجرًا (^٥).\n\n١١٧٩٠ - قال شُعبَةُ: وسألتُ الحَكَمَ فقالَ: لَم أسمَعْ أحَدًا يَكرَهُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٣٩٣٢ - ١٣٩٣٧، ١٤٤٧٤، ١٤٤٧٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحمال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٤/ ٣٥ من طريق المصنف به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٢٥٦: منقطع، وصدقة واهٍ.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٠٨).\n(^٥) البغوى في الجعديات (١١٠٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١١٤) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه.\n(^٦) البغوى في الجعديات (١١٠٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"12","page":138},{"text":"قال البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ: وقالَ الحَكَمُ: لَم أسمَعْ أحَدًا كَرِهَ أجرَ المُعَلِّمِ. قال: ولَم يَرَ ابنُ سِيرينَ بأجرِ المُعَلِّمِ بأسًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عَطاءٍ وأبِى قِلابَةَ أنَّهُما كانا لا يَرَيانِ بتَعليمِ الغِلمانِ بالأجرِ بأسًا (^٢)، وعن الحَسَنِ ﵀ قال: إذا قاطَعَ المُعَلِّمُ ولَم يَعدِلْ كُتِبَ مِنَ الظَّلَمَةِ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحُلْوانىُّ أبو جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ خاقانَ وفَضلُ بنُ عِمرانَ الأعرَجُ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ قال: أخبرَنِى داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَم يَكُن لأُناسٍ مِن أُسارَى بَدرٍ فِداءٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فِداءَهُم أن يُعَلِّموا أولادَ الأنصارِ الكِتابَةَ. قال: فجاءَ غُلامٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يَبكِى يَومًا إلَى أبيه، فقالَ له أبوه: ما شأنُكَ؟ قال: ضَرَبَنِى مُعَلِّمِى. قال: الخَبيثُ يَطلُبُ بِذَحْلِ (^٤) بَدرٍ، واللَّهِ لا تأتيه أبَدًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى قبل (٢٢٧٦).\n(^٢) ينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور (١٠٦ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شية (٢١١٠٤، ٢١١٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٧ - تفسير)، وابن أبى الدنيا في كتاب العيال (٣٥٥).\n(^٤) الذَّحْل: الحقد والعداوة. مختار الصحاح ٢٢٦ (ذ ح ل).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٦) عن على بن عاصم به. قال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٢٥٦: على واهٍ، والخبر منكر، وما أقل ما كانت الكتابة في قريش.","vol":"12","page":139},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2610>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أخذَ الأُجرَةِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١١٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ و(^١) حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الرُّؤاسِىُّ، عن مُغيرَةَ بنِ زيادٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ قال: عَلَّمتُ ناسًا مِن أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ الكِتابَ والقُرآنَ، فأهدَى إلَيَّ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم قَوسًا فقُلتُ: لَيسَت بمالٍ، وأرمِى عَلَيها (^٢) في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ﷿، لآتِيَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلأسألَنَّه، فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَهدَى رَجُلٌ إلَيَّ قَوسًا مِمَّن كُنتُ أُعَلِّمُه الكِتابَ والقُرآنَ، ولَيسَت بمالٍ وأرمِى عَنها (^٣) في سَبيلِ اللّهِ. قال: \"إن كُنتَ تُحِبُّ أن تُطَوَّقَ بطَوقٍ مِن نارٍ فاقبَلْها\" (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الِإسفَرايِينِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ في حَديثِ عُبادَةَ ابنِ الصامِتِ -﵁- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"إنْ سَرَّكَ أن تُطَوَّقَ طَوقًا مِن نارٍ\". في الَّذِى عَلَّمَ الكِتابَةَ: رَواه مُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ المَوصِلِىُّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، وإِسنادُه كُلُّه مَعروف إلَّا الأسوَدَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٥، ص ٦، ز: \"عن\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وهو الموافق لمصادر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٦٢ وما بعدها.\n(^٢) في م: \"عنها\".\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٥: \"عليها\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٤١٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١١١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٨٩)، وابن ماجه (٢١٥٧) من طريق وكيع به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩١٥).","vol":"12","page":140},{"text":"ثَعلَبَةَ؛ فإِنّا لا نَحفَظُ عنه إلَّا هذا الحديثَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد قيلَ: عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، ممن عُبادَةَ:\n\n١١٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسةَ، أَخبَرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ وكَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى بشرُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: عمرو قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبادَةُ بنُ نُسَىٍّ، عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ نَحوَ هذا الخَبَرِ، والأوَّلُ أتَمُّ، فقُلتُ: ما تَرَى فيها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ: \"جَمرَةٌ بَينَ كَتِفَيكَ تَقَلَّدتَها. أو: تَعَلَّقتَها\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو المُغيرَةِ عن بشرٍ (^٣).\nهذا حَديث مُختَلَف فيه على عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ كما تَرَى، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤) وأبِى سعيدٍ (^٥) أصَحُّ إسنادًا مِنه.\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُنقَطِعٍ عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ:\n\n١١٧٩٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر تنقيح التحقيق ٣/ ٦٥، وميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٤١٧)، وعنده: \"عمرو حدثنى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٦٦) عن أبى المغيرة به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٠٤٣، ١١٧٨٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٧٨٧).","vol":"12","page":141},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى مُسلِمٍ (^١)، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ الكِلابِيِّ قال: عَلَّمَ أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ -﵁- رَجُلًا القُرآنَ، فأتَى اليَمَنَ فأهدَى له قَوسًا، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إن أخَذتَها فخُذْ بها قَوسًا مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٢).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبى الدَّرداءِ:\n\n١١٧٩٥ - حدثناه أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أخَذَ قَوسًا على تَعليمِ القُرآنِ قَلَّدَه اللَّهُ قَوسًا مِن نارٍ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ قال: وفيما أجازَ لنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، عن دُحَيمٍ قال: حَديثُ أبى الدَّراءِ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن تقَلَّدَ قَوسًا على تَعليمِ القُرآنِ\". لَيسَ له أصلٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"سلمة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٥٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وعنده: عبد الرحمن بن سلم، وفيه بين ثور وعبد الرحمن: خالد بن معدان. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ١/ ٣٥، والإرواء (١٤٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٦/ ٣٨، ٣٩ من طريق المصنف به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٧٩)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٧/ ٢٧١، ٨/ ٤٣٧، ٤٣٨ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يحيى به.\n(^٤) ينظر التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٧.","vol":"12","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2611>بابُ كَسب الإِماءِ</span>\n\n١١٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ [محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^١) بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن كَسبِ الإِماءِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\nيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بالنَّهي عن كَسبِ الِإماءِ النَّهيَ عن كَسبِ البَغِىِّ مِنهُنَّ، كما رَوَى أبو مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىُّ -﵁- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن مَهرِ البَغِىِّ.\nورَوَى رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ -﵁- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَهرُ البَغىِّ خَبيثٌ\". وقَد ذَكَرناهُما في كِتابِ البُيوعِ (^٤).\n\n١١٧٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"أحمد بن محمد\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. وقد تقدم في (١٣٦٦) وغيرها على الصواب، وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٨٥١)، وأبو داود (٣٤٢٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٥٨، ٥١٥٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٨٣).\n(^٤) تقدم حديث أبى مسعود في (١٢٠١، ١١١١١)، وسيأتى في (١٥٨٨٥). وتقدم حديث رافع في (١١١١٣)، وسيأتى في (١٩٥٣١).","vol":"12","page":143},{"text":"قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ ومَهرِ الزَّمّارَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ النَّهىُ عن كَسبِهِنَّ إذا لَم يُعلَمْ (^٢) مِن أينَ كَسَبنَه على طَريقِ التَّنزيهِ خَوفًا مِن مواقَعَةِ الحَرامِ، وعَلَى هذا يَدُلُّ ما:\n\n١١٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا طارِقُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِىُّ قال: جاءَ رِفاعَةُ بنُ رافِع إلَى مَجلِسِ الأنصارِ فقالَ: لَقَد نَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- اليَومَ. فذَكَرَ أشياءَ، وقالَ: نَهانا عن كَسبِ الأمَةِ إلَّا ما عَمِلَت بيَدِها. وقالَ هَكَذا بإِصبَعِه نَحوَ الغَزلِ والخَبزِ والنَّقشِ (^٣).\n\n١١٧٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الصَّقرِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا [محمدُ بنُ] (^٤) إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيك، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هُرَيرٍ (^٥)، عن\n_________\n(^١) الزمارة: البغى أو المغنية. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣١٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٧/ ٣٦٩، ٨/ ٣٠٤، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٢٠٣٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تعلمه\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٩٨)، وأبو داود (٣٤٢٦) من طريق أبى النضر به، وعندهما: رافع بن رفاعة بدلًا من رفاعة بن رافع. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٢٤).\nوالنقش، هكذا في النسخ، وفى مصادر التخريج: \"لنفش\" بالفاء، وهو ندف القطن والصوت. النهاية ٥/ ٩٦.\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"هبير\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٧/ ٥٨٩، ٥٩٠.","vol":"12","page":144},{"text":"أبيه، عن جَدِّه رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن كَسبِ الأمَةِ حَتَّى يُعلَمَ مِن أينَ هوَ (^١).\nوبَقيَّةُ هذا البابِ مَذكورٌ (^٢) في كِتابِ النَّفَقاتِ (^٣) حَيثُ ذَكَرَ الشافِعِىُّ هذه المَسألَةَ في بابِ نَفَقَةِ المَماليكِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2612>بابُ كَسبِ الرَّجُلِ وعَمَلِه بيَدَيهِ</span>\n\n١١٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَحيَى الرُّويانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ هو ابنُ موسَى الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا عيَسى هو ابنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ثَورٌ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن مِقدامِ بنِ مَعدِيكَرِبَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما أكَلَ أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ طَعامًا خَيرًا له مِن أن يأكُلَ مِن عَمَلِ يَدَيه، إنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ داودَ كان يأكُلُ مِن كَسبِ يَدَيه\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى (^٦).\n\n١١٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٢٧) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٩٢٥).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"مذكورة\".\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٥٨٨٠، ١٥٨٨١).\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٠٣.\n(^٥) المصنف في الأربعين الصغرى (٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢١٣٨) من طريق خالد بن معدان به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٠٧٢).","vol":"12","page":145},{"text":"قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"خُفِّفَ على داودَ القُرآنُ (^١)، فكانَ يأمُرُ بدَوابه تُسرَجُ، فكانَ يَقرأُ القُرآنَ مِن قَبلِ أن تُسرَجَ دابته، وكانَ لا يأكُلُ إلَّا مِن عَمَلِ يَدَيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيى بنِ موسَى عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ آخِرَ الخَبَرِ (^٣). رَوَى عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ [عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ] (^٤) أوَّلَ الخَبَرِ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَومًا عُمّالَ أنفُسِهِم (^٦). وفِى رِوايَةٍ: فَكانوا يُعالِجونَ أرَضِيهِم بأيديهِم (^٧).\nورُوِّينا عن خَبّابِ بنِ الأرَتِّ - ﵁ - قال: كُنتُ قَيْنًا (^٨). وروينا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في قِصَّةِ إبراهيمَ ابنِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه دَفَعَه إلَى أُمِّ سَيفٍ امرأةِ قَيْنٍ بالمَدينَةِ (^٩). وعن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ - ﵁ - في قِصةِ المِنبَرِ: بَعَثَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إلَى\n_________\n(^١) القرآن: مصدر من: قرأ، كالقراءة، فالمراد القراءة أو الزبور أو التوراة، كتابه الذي أوحى إليه. ينظر تاج العروس ١/ ٣٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٦٠)، وابن حبان مختصرًا (٦٢٢٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٧٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٤١٧) عن عبد الله بن محمد به، تامًّا، و(٤٧١٣) عن إسحاق بن نصر به، الشطر الأول.\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤١٩، ٥٧٣١).\n(^٧) ينظر جزء عوالى الإمام أبي حنيفة (١)، وأطراف الغرائب (٦٣٧٥).\n(^٨) قينا: حدادا. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١١٠.\nوالحديث تقدم تخريجه في (١١٣٩٢).\n(^٩) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٣١).","vol":"12","page":146},{"text":"امرأةٍ أن: \"مُرِى غُلامَكِ النَّجّارَ يَعمَلُ لِى أعوادًا أجلِسُ عَلَيهِنَّ\" (^١). وعن سَهلٍ في المَرأةِ التى جاءَت ببُردَةٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى نَسَجتُ هذه بيَدَىَّ أكسوكَها (^٢). وعن أبي مَسعودٍ: كان رَجُلٌ مِن الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو شُعَيبٍ، وكانَ له غُلامٌ لَحّامٌ - وفِى رِوايَة: قَصّابٌ - فقالَ: اصنَعْ لِى طَعامًا أدعو رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). وعن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قِصَّةِ تَحريمِ مَكَّةَ قال العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إلَّا الِإذخِرَ لِصاغَتِنا ولِسُقُفِ بُيوتِنا. قال: \"إلَّا الإِذخِرَ\" (^٤). وعنِ ابنِ عباسٍ: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأعطَى الحَجّامَ أجرَه، ولَو عَلِمَه خَبيثًا لَم يُعطِهِ (^٥). وفِى كُلِّ هذا دَلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الاكتِسابِ بهَذِه الحِرَفِ وما في مَعناها، وقَد مَرَّ في الكِتابِ إسنادُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ (^٦) مِنها أو سَيَمُرُّ إن شاءَ اللهُ.\nوفِى الأحاديثِ الثَّلاثَةِ دَلالَةٌ على أن الَّذِى:\n\n١١٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الواسِطِي، حدثنا ابنُ عائشةَ، عن حمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي ماجِدَةَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٢٩٥، ٥٧٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٧٧٩).\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٤٦٥٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٠٣٦، ١٠٠٣٧).\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٩٥٤٢).\n(^٦) في ز: \"شئ\".","vol":"12","page":147},{"text":"قال: قاتَلتُ غُلامًا فجَدَعتُ أُذُنَه -أو جَدَعَ أُذُني- قال: فقَدِمَ عَلَينا أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ -، فرُفِعنا إلَيه وهو خارج، فاختَصَمنا إلَيه، فرَفَعَنا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: قَد بَلَغَ القِصاصُ، ادعوا لي حَجامًا يَقتَص مِنه -مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا- سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنِّي وهَبتُ لِخالتى غُلامًا أرجو أن يبارَكَ لها فيه، وقُلتُ لها: لا تُسلِمِيه حَجّامًا ولا قَصّابًا ولا صائغًا\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمادٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه أوجَزَ مِنه (^٢).\n\n١١٨٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُرَقِىُّ، عن ابنِ ماجِدَةَ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سَهمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ. بمَعناه (^٣).\nمَحمولٌ على التَّنزيهِ لا على التَّحريمِ، وأمَّا كَسبُ الحَجامِ فالكَلامُ فيه مَذكورٌ في \"المختصر\" (^٤) في الرُّبُعِ الأخيرِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١١٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ١٠٣ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به، وفيه: ابن ماجدة كما في الرواية بعد التالية. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ١١٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٤٣٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٤١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٣٢). وأخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ١٠٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) مختصر المزني ص ٢٨٦.","vol":"12","page":148},{"text":"الصفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"طَلَبُ كَسبِ الحلالِ فريضةٌ بعدَ الفَريضَةِ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ الرَّملِى وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: قَرأتُ بخَطِ أبي عمرٍو المُستَملِى:\nسَمِعتُ أبا أحمدَ الفَرّاءَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ يَحيَى يُسألُ عن حَديثِ عَبَّادِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ في الكَسبِ الحَلالِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: إن كان قاله (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٨٧٤١) من طريق الصفار به. والقضاعي في مسنده (١٢٢) من طريق السراج به. والطبراني (٩٩٩٣)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ١٢٦ من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٤٢٩).\n(^٣) ينظر اللآلئ المنثورة للزركشي ص ٤٠.","vol":"12","page":149},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2613>كتابُ المُزَارعةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2614>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن المُخابَرَةِ (^١) والمُزارَعَةِ</span>\n\n١١٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصفَهانِى، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِى، حدثنا سفيان بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: حَدَّثَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن المُخابَرَةِ (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيان (^٣). ورَواه أيضًا سعيدُ بنُ مِيناءَ وأبو الزبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n١١٨٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الروذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا ابن رَجاءٍ المَكِّىُّ، قالَه (^٥) ابنُ خُثَيمٍ حَدَّثَنِى عن أبي الزّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن لَم يَذَرِ المُخابَرَةَ فليُؤذَنْ بحَرب مِنَ الله ورسولِه\" (^٦).\n\n١١٨٠٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سبق تفسير المخابرة في (١٠٧٣٩، ١٠٧٤٠). وسيأتى في (١١٨٣٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٤١). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٩٣٠) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩٣).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٩٣٥).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل، ز، ص ٥، م: \"قال\".\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣٤٠٦).","vol":"12","page":151},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزعفَرانى، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عبدَ الله بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: كُنّا نُخابِرُ ولا نَرَى بذَلِكَ بأسًا، حتَّى زَعَمَ رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ فتَرَكناه (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ على الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الشيبانى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ السائبِ قال: سألتُ عبدَ الله بنَ مَعقِلٍ عن المُزارَعَةِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثابِتُ بنُ الضحاكِ أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُزارَعَةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2615>بابُ ما جاءَ في النهي عن كراءِ الأرضِ</span>\n\n١١٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٥٠) من طريق ابن عيينة به\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٨٨) من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٩/ ١١٨).","vol":"12","page":152},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى [عن كِراءِ الأرضِ (^٢). هذا حَديثُ عارِمٍ ومُسَدَّدٍ، وقالَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ: إن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى] (^١) عن كِراءِ المَزارعِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٨١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ، [عن عَطاءٍ] (^٤)، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها، فإِن لَم يَزرَعْها فليُزرِعْها أخاه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ ابنِ حُمَيدٍ عن أبي النُّعمانِ عارِمٍ (^٦).\n\n١١٨١٢ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِى، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٨٨٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٧).\n(^٤) سقط من: ص ٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٩٠) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به. وأحمد (١٤٩٦٧)، والنسائي (٣٨٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٥٤) من طريق مطر به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٨).","vol":"12","page":153},{"text":"عبدِ الله قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها، فإِن عَجَزَ عَنها فليَمنَحْها أخاه المُسلِمَ ولا يؤاجِرها\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٢).\n\n١١٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الطَرَسوسِى، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن الشَّيبانى، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - أن يُؤخَذَ لِلأرضِ أجرٌ أو عَطاءٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا رَباحُ بنُ أبي مَعروفٍ وهَمامُ بنُ يَحيَى وغَيرُهُما عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباح (^٥).\n\n١١٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الله، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيَّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مِيناءَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٦٩) عن إسحاق الأزرق به. والنسائي (٣٨٨٣، ٣٨٨٤)، وابن حبان (٥١٨٤) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥١١٨) من طريق معلى به، وأيضا (٥١١٨) من طريق الشيبانى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٦) من طريق رباح بن أبي معروف به. وأحمد (١٤٩١٨)، والنسائي (٣٨٩٠) من طريق همام بن يحيى به.","vol":"12","page":154},{"text":"سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن كان له فضلُ أرض فليَزرَعْها أو ليُزرِعْها أخاه ولا تَبيعوها\". فقُلتُ لِسَعيدٍ: ما قَولُه: \"لا تَبيعوها\"؟ يَعنِى الكِراءَ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سَليمِ بنِ حَيّانَ (^٢). ورَواه أيضًا أبو الزبَيرِ وأبو سُفيانَ وغَيرُهُما عن جابِرٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ الأهوازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ هو ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يُكرِى أرضَه، حَتَّى بَلَغَه أن رافِعَ ابنَ خَديجٍ الأنصارِىَّ كان يَنهَى عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، فلَقِيَه عبدُ اللهِ فقالَ: يا ابنَ خَديجٍ، ماذا تُحَدثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في كِراءِ الأرضِ؟ فقالَ رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ لِعَبدِ اللهِ: سَمِعتُ عَمَّى -وكانا قَد شَهِدا بَدرًا- يُحَدِّثانِ أهلَ الدّارِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن كِراءِ الأرضِ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: واللهِ لَقَد كُنتُ أعلمُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن الأرضَ تكرَى. ثُمَّ خَشِى عبدُ اللهِ أن يَكونَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - أحدَثَ في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا لَم يَكُن عَلِمَه، فتَرَكَ كِراءَ الأرضِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٨٣) من طريق سليم بن حيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) ستأتى رواية أبي الزبير قريبًا في (١١٨٢٢، ١١٨٢٣). وهذه الرواية أخرجها أحمد (١٥٠٠٦)، ومسلم (٩٧، ٩٨) من طريق أبي سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٢٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣٩٤)، والنسائي (٣٩١٣) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"12","page":155},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١١٨١٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه وسألَه عن كِراءِ المَزارعِ، فقالَ: أخبَرَ رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن عَمَّيْهِ -وكانا قَد شَهِدا بَدرًا- أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى عن كِراءِ المَزارعِ. قال: فتَرَكَ عبدُ اللهِ كِراءَها، وقَد كان يُكريها قبلَ ذَلِكَ. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فقُلتُ لِسالِمٍ: فتُكريها أنتَ؟ قال: نَعَم، قَد كان عبدُ الله (^٢) يُكريها. قُلتُ: فأينَ حَديثُ رافِعٍ؟ فقالَ سالِم: إنَّ رافِعًا أكثَرَ على نَفسِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٤).\n\n١١٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يأخُذُ كِراءَ الأرضِ حَتَّى بَلَغَه عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ حَديث، فانطَلَقتُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٣٤٥)، ومسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١٢).\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"ابن عمر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٣٢) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به. وأحمد (١٧٢٨٧) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠١٢، ٤٠١٣).","vol":"12","page":156},{"text":"مَعَه حَتَّى أتَينا رافِعًا، فحَدَّثَ عن بَعضِ عُمومَتِه يَذكُرُ (^١) النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، فتَرَكَه ابنُ عُمَرَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ بهَذا الحديثِ بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٤).\n\n١١٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ (^٥)، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبوالرَّبيعِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُكرِى مَزارِعَه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ وصَدرًا مِن إمارَةِ مُعاويَةَ ﵃، فأتاه رَجُل فقالَ: إنَّ رافِعًا يَزعُمُ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن كِراءِ الأرضِ. قال نافِع: فانطَلَقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إلَى رافِعٍ وانطَلَقتُ مَعَه، فقالَ له ابنُ عُمَرَ: ما الَّذِى بَلَغَنِى عَنكَ تَذكُرُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في كِراءِ المَزارعِ؟ قال: نَعَم، نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عن كِراءِ المَزارعِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٥، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩١٩) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩١٨) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١١).\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"الحافظ\".","vol":"12","page":157},{"text":"فكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا سُئلَ عنه بعدَ ذَلِكَ قال: زَعَمَ رافِع أن نَبِىَّ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى عنه.\nقال نافِع: فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ لَما ذَكَرَ رافِعٌ ما ذَكَرَ: قَد كُنتُ أعلمُ أنا نكرِى مَزارِعَنا على عَهدِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - بما على الأَرْبِعاءِ (^١) وشَئٍ مِنَ التِّبنِ لا أحفَظُه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا النَضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ هو ابنُ عَمارٍ، حدثنا أبو النَجاشِى مَولَى رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: نَهاني رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، وزَعَمَ أن نَبِىَّ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى عَنه (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمارٍ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2616>بابُ بَيانِ المَنهِىِّ عنه وأنَّه مَقصورٌ على كراءِ الأرضِ ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها دونَ غَيِره مِمَّا يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ عِوَضًا في البُيوعِ</span>\n\n١١٨٢١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانى (^٦)، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عِمرانَ القاضِى بهَراةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ عبدُ الجَليلِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أربعاء: جمع ربيع، وهو النهر الصغير. النهاية ٢/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٠٤)، والنسائي (٣٩٢٠)، وابن حبان (٥١٩٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٤٣)، ومسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١٠٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٦٧) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به. والنسائي (٣٩٣٤) من طريق أبي النجاشى به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٤٨/ ١١٤).\n(^٦) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: إملاء\".","vol":"12","page":158},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الأوزاعىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِى، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكر، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا عَطاء، عن جابِرٍ قال: كانَت لِرِجالٍ فُضولُ أرَضينَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وكانوا يُؤاجِرونَها على الثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ والنِّصفِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانَت له فضلُ أرض فليَزرَعْها أو ليَمنَحْها أخاه، فإِن أبَى فَلْيُمسِكْ أرضَه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ بشرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ: كانَت لِرِجالٍ فُضولُ أرَضينَ، فكانوا يُزرِعونَها بالثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ والنِّصفِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها أو ليَمنَحْها أخاه، فإِن لَم يَفعَلْ فليُمسِكْ أرضَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن حَديثِ هِقْلٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَثَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أن أبا الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه قال: سَمِعتُ جابر بنَ عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨١٣)، والنسائي (٣٨٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٥١)، وابن حبان (٥١٨٩) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٤٠)، ومسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٨٩).","vol":"12","page":159},{"text":"يقولُ: كُنّا في زَمانِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - نأخُذُ الأرضَ بالثُّلُثِ أو (^١) الرُّبُعِ بالماذِياناتِ (^٢)، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها، وِإن لَم يَزرَعْها فليَمنَحْها أخاه، فإِن لَم يَمنَحْها أخاه فليُمسِكْها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى (^٤).\n\n١١٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَير، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نُخابِرُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بنَصيبٍ (^٥) مِنَ القِصرِىِّ (^٦) ومِن كَذا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها أو فليُحرِثْها أخاه، وِإلا فليَدَعْها\" (^٧). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونس (^٨).\n\n١١٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٦، م: \"و\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٢) الماذيانات: كلمة غير عربية، وهي جمع (ماذيان)، بكسر الذال ويجوز فتحها، وهو النهر الكبير. النهاية ٤/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٦٥٧) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩٦).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فنُصيب\".\n(^٦) سيأتى عقب (١١٨٥١).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٥٢) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٨) مسلم (١٥٣٦/ ٩٥).","vol":"12","page":160},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: كُنّا نُحاقِلُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فقَدِمَ عَلَيه بَعضُ عُمومَتِه- قال قَتادَةُ: اسمُه ظُهَيرٌ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عن أمرٍ كان لَنا نافِعًا، وطَواعيَةُ اللهِ ورسولِه أنفَعُ لَنا وأنفَعُ. قال القَومُ: وماذاكَ؟ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَزرَعْها أو ليُزرِعْها أخاه ولا يُكاريها بالثُّلُثِ ولا بالربع ولا طَعامٍ مسَمًّى\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الكَرابيسِى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ يَعلَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: كُنّا نُحاقِلُ بالأرضِ، فنُكرِيها على الثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ والطَّعامِ المُسَمَّى، ولَم يَكُنْ يَومَئذٍ ذَهَبٌ ولا فِضَّةٌ [نكرِى بها الأرضَ] (^٣)، فما شَعَرتُ يَومًا إذْ لَقِيَنِى بَعضُ عُمومَتِى فقالَ: نَهانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن أمرٍ كان لَنا نافِعًا، وطَواعيَةُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - أنفَعُ لَنا وأنفَعُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٣٩)، وأبو داود (٣٣٩٥)، والنسائي (٣٩٠٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به، وعند أحمد بذكر قتادة بين سعيد ويعلى.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٨/ ١١٣).\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"نكريها بالأرض\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وقال: \"بخطه، وهو الصواب\".","vol":"12","page":161},{"text":"كُنا نُحاقِلُ بالأرضِ فنُكرِيها على الثُّلُثِ والربُعِ والطعامِ المُسَمَّى، فنَهانا عن ذَلِكَ، وأمَرَ رَبِّ الأرضِ أن يَزرَعَها، أو يُزرِعَها، وكَرِهَ كِراءَها وما سِوَى ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوأرادَ بالطعامِ المُسَمى مِما يَخرُجُ مِن تِلكَ الأرضِ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّن في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ، عن رافِعٍ. وكَرِهَ كِراءَها. يَعنى: بذَلِكَ وما (^٣) في مَعناه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الله إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السوسِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنى أبي قال: سمِعتُ الأوزاعِى قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو النَجاشِى قال: صَحِبتُ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ سِتَ سِنينَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِى عن عَمِّه ظُهَيرِ بنِ رافِعٍ أنه لَقِيَه يَومًا فقالَ له: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهانا عن أمر كان بنا رافِقًا. قال رافِع: فقُلتُ له: ما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فهو الحَق (^٤). قال: \"أرأيتَ مَحاقِلكُم، ماذا تصنَعونَ بها؟ \". قُلنا: نُؤاجِرُها على الرُّبُعِ وعَلَى الأوسُقِ مِنَ التَمرِ والشعيرِ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا، ازرَعُوها أوأَمسِكُوها\" (^٥). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٩٦)، والنسائي مختصرًا (٣٩٠٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٨/ ١١٣).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"وبما\".\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"أحق\". وفى مصادر التخريج: \"حق\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٥٩)، وابن حبان (٥١٩١) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وأحمد (١٧٢٩٠) من طريق أبي النجاشى به.","vol":"12","page":162},{"text":"ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِى (^١).\n\n١١٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، [حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِى، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ] (^٢)، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ قتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ يَحيى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ أَنَّه سألَ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن كِراء الأرضِ. قال: قُلتُ: أبِالذَهَبِ والوَرِقِ؟ فقالَ: أمَّا بالذهَبِ والوَرِقِ فلا بأسَ بهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فرافِعٌ سَمِعَ النَّهى من (^٥) رسولِ الله - ﷺ - وهو أعلمُ بمَعنَى ما سَمِعَ، وإنَما حَكَى رافعٌ نَهى النبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن كرائِها بالثلُثِ والرُّبع، وكذلِكَ كانَت تكرَى (^٦).\n\n١١٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٢٣٩)، ومسلم (١٥٤٨/ ١١٤).\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٢٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧١١ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٢٥٨)، وأبو داود (٣٣٩٣)، والنسائي (٣٩٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١٥).\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"عن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو الموافق للأم.\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ٢٥.","vol":"12","page":163},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه سألَ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ به. فقُلتُ له: أرأيتَ الحديثَ الَّذِى يُذكَرُ عن رافِعِ ابنِ خَديجٍ؟ فقالَ: أكثَرَ رافِعٌ، ولَو كانَت لي أرضٌ أكرَيتُها. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَير (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد يَكونُ سالِمٌ سَمِعَ عن رافِع الخَبَرَ جُملَةً، فرأى أنَّه حَدَّثَ به على الكِراءِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، فلَم يَرَ بالكِراءِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ بأسًا؛ لأنَّه يَعلَمُ أن الأرضَ تكرَى بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، وقَد بَينَه غَيرُ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن رافِعٍ أنَّه (^٢) عن كِراءِ الأرضِ ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها (^٣).\n\n١١٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمد المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وإِسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ الله، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ أنه سألَ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ، فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عن كِراءِ الأرضِ ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها. قال:\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٤/ ٢٥، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٤/ ٥ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧١١.\n(^٢) بعده في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"نهى\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٥.","vol":"12","page":164},{"text":"فسألتُه عن كِرائِها بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ بكِرائِها بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِق (^١).\n\n١١٨٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا لَيثٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِى، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ هو ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَمّاى أنَّهُم كانوا يُكرونَ الأرضَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بما يَنبُتُ على الأربِعاءِ أو شَئٍ يَستَثنيه صاحِبُ الأرضِ، فنَهانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ لِرافِعِ: كَيفَ هِى بالدنانيرِ والدراهِمِ؟ فقالَ رافِع: لا بأسَ بها بالدَّنانيرِ والدَّراهِمِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٣١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ وحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: سألتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٢٨)، وفى الصغرى (٢١٤٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٩٢) من طريق الليث عن ربيعة وحده به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٧٨)، والنسائي (٣٩٠٧) من طريق الليث به، وعندهما: حدثني عمى.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٣٤٦، ٢٣٤٧).","vol":"12","page":165},{"text":"رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ به، إنَّما كان النَّاسُ يُؤاجِرونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - على الماذِياناتِ وأقْبالِ (^١) الجَداوِلِ وأشياءَ مِنَ الزرعِ، فيَهلِكُ هذا ويَسلَمُ هذا، ويَسلَمُ هذا ويَهلِكُ هذا، ولَم يَكُن لِلناسِ كِراء إلا هذا (^٢)؛ فلِذَلِكَ زَجَرَ عنه، فأمَّا شَيءٌ مَعلومٌ مَضمونٌ فلا بأسَ بهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١١٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا (^٥) سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ أنه سَمِعَ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ يقولُ: كُنّا أكثَرَ الأنصارِ حَقلًا، فكُنا نُكرِى الأرضَ على أن لَنا هذه ولَهُم هذه، فرُبَّما أخرَجَت هذه ولَم تُخرِجْ هذه، فنَهانا عن ذَلِكَ، وأمَّا الوَرِقُ فلَم يَنهَنا (^٦). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٧).\n\n١١٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أقبال الجداول: جمع قبل؛ أي رءوس الجداول وأوائلها، والجداول جمع الجدول وهو النهر الصغير كالساقية. عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، م: \"هكذا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٩٢)، والنسائي (٣٩٠٨) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١٦).\n(^٥) في ص ٥: \"عن\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٥٨) من طريق سفيان به مقتصرًا على آخره بنحوه.\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٣٣٢، ٢٧٢٢)، ومسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١٧).","vol":"12","page":166},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ أن حَنظَلَةَ بنَ قَيس الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ يقولُ: كُنّا أكثَرَ أهلِ المَدينَةِ مُزدَرَعًا، وكُنّا نكرِى الأرضَ بالنّاحيَةِ مِنها تُسَمَّى لِسَيِّدِ الأرضِ، فرُبَّما يُصابُ ذَلِكَ وتُصابُ الأرض، ورُبَّما يَسلَمُ ذَلِكَ وتَسلَمُ الأرضُ. قال: فنُهينا عن ذلِكَ، فأمَّا الذَّهَبُ والوَرِقُ فلَم يَكُن في ذَلِكَ الزمانِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المثَنَّى عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أُسَيدٍ هو ابنُ ظُهَيرٍ ابنِ أخِى رافع بنِ خديجٍ قال: كان أحَدنا إذا استَغنَى عن أرضه أعطاها بالثُّلُثِ والرُّبُعِ والنِّصفِ، ويَشترطُ ثلاثَ (^٣) جَداوِلَ، ويَشترطُ القُصارَةَ وما سَقى الرَّبيعُ، وكانَ العَيشُ إذ ذاكَ شديدًا. قال: وكُنّا نعمَلُ فيها بالحَديدِ وبِما شاءَ اللهُ، ونُصيبُ مِن ذَلِكَ مَنفَعَةً، فأتانا رافِعُ بنُ خديجٍ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنهاكُم عن أمرٍ كان لَكُم نافِعًا، وطاعَةُ رسولٍ الله - ﷺ - أنفَعُ لكم، وإِنه ينهاكُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٢٣٢٧) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٧/ ١١٧).\n(^٣) كذا بالنسخ بغير تاء، وقد وردت في (١١٨٥٣): \"ثلاثة جداول\" على الأصل من تأنيث العدد مع المعدود في مثل هذا.","vol":"12","page":167},{"text":"عن الحَقلِ ويَقولُ: \"مَنِ استَغنَى عن أرضِ فليَمنَحْها أخاه أو لَيدَعْ\". وينهاكُم عن المُزابَنَةِ. والمُزابَنَةُ أن يَكونَ لِلرَّجُلِ المالُ العَظيمُ مِنَ النَخلِ، فيأتيَه الرَّجُلُ فيَقولَ: قَد أخَذتُه بكَذا وكَذا وَسْقَ تَمرٍ (^١).\n\n١١٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا طارِقُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن المُحاقَلَةِ والمُزابَنَةِ وقالَ: \"إنَّما يَزرَعُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ رَجُلٌ له أرضٌ فهو يَزرَعُها، ورجُل مُنِحَ أرضًا فهو يَزرَعُ ما مُنِحَ، ورَجُلٌ اكترى أرضًا بذَهَب أو فِضةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، أخبرَنا بُكَيرُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن [ابنِ أبي نُعْمٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ أنَّه زَرَعَ أرضًا، فمَر به النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وهو يَسقِيها فسألَه: \"لِمَنِ الزَّرعُ؟ ولِمَنِ الأرضُ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٦٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٨١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٩٨) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٣٨٧٣، ٣٨٧٤) وابن حبان (٥١٩٨) من طريق منصور به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٠٠) عن مسدد به. والنسائي (٣٨٩٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٦٧، ٢٤٤٩) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠٣).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٥، م: \"ابن أبي نعيم\". وفى حاشية الأصل، ز، ص ٦: \"أبي بكير عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نعم\". ومثلهم \"س\" ولكن فيها: \"نعيم\". والمثبت موافق لسنن أبي داود والمستدرك.","vol":"12","page":168},{"text":"فقالَ: زَرعِى ببَذرِى وعَمَلِى، لِى الشَّطرُ ولِبَنِى فُلانٍ الشَّطرُ. فقالَ: \"أَرْبَيتُما، فرد الأرضَ على أهلِها وخذْ نَفَقَتَكَ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ يَعلَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ الزُّهْرِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَبيبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ أنه قال: كان النَّاسُ يُكرونَ المَزارعَ بما يَكونُ على السّاقِى، وبِما صَعِدَ بالماءِ مِمَّا حَولَ البِئرِ مِنَ الزرعِ، فنَهاهُم رسولُ الله - ﷺ -، وأمَرَهُم أن يُكروا بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أيّوبَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الحَجاجِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِت قال: نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عن المُخابَرَةِ. قُلتُ: وما المُخابَرَةُ؟ قال: أن تأخُذَ الأرضَ بنِصفٍ أو ثُلُثٍ أو رُبُعٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٠٢) من طريق أبي نعيم الفضل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢)، وأبو داود (٣٣٩١)، والنسائي (٣٩٠٣) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٤٠٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٥٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٣١) من طريق جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠٧).","vol":"12","page":169},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الشَّيباني، عن عبدِ الله بنِ السّائبِ قال: دَخَلتُ على عبدِ الله بنِ مَعقِلٍ، فسألناه عن المُزارَعَةِ فقالَ: زَعَمَ ثابِتٌ أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُزارَعَةِ، وأمَرَنا بالمُؤاجَرَةِ وقالَ: \"لا بأسَ بها\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِى، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الكَريمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أمثَلَ ما أنتُم صانِعونَ أن تَستأجِروا الأرضَ البَيضاءَ لَيسَ فيها شَجَرٌ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٤١ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عيسَى، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ (^٤) الله بنِ يَزيدَ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن كِراءِ الأرضِ فقالَ: أرضِى وبَعيرِى سَواءٌ (^٥).\n\n١١٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥١٧٢) من طريق يحيى بن حماد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٨٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٩/ ١١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٤٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٧٥٤) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. والنسائي (٣٩٤٣) من طريق عبد الكريم به بنحوه.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٩٤.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٥٨) عن الثوري به.","vol":"12","page":170},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه سألَه عن استِكراءِ الأرضِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ فقالَ: لا بأسَ بهِ (^١).\n\n١١٨٤٣ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه شَبيهًا بهِ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٤٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2617>بابُ مَن أباحَ المُزارَعَةَ بجُزء مَعلومٍ مُشاعٍ، وحَمَلَ النَّهى عَنها على التَّنزيهِ أو على ما لَو تَضَمَّنَ العَقدُ شَرطًا فاسِدًا</span>\n\n١١٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\nأخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن\nعمرٍو، أن مُجاهِدًا قال لِطاوُسٍ: انطَلِقْ بنا إلَى [ابن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجِ] (^٤)،\nفاسمَعْ (^٥) مِنه الحديثَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِى - ﷺ -. قال: فانتَهَره وقالَ: إنِّى واللَّهِ لَو أعلمُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عنه ما فعَلتُه، ولَكِنْ حَدَّثَنِى مَن هوأعلمُ به مِنهُم - يَعنِى ابنَ عباسٍ - أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَأنْ يَمنَحَ الرّجُلُ أخاه أرضَه خَيرٌ له\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧١٧). والشافعى ٤/ ٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٦٢٥.\n(^٢) الشافعى ٤/ ٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧١٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧١٨). والشافعى ٤/ ٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧١١.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٥: \"رافع بن خديج\". وفى ص ٦: \"ابن خديج\". والمثبت موافق لرواية مسلم.\n(^٥) فاسمع: روى بوصل الهمزة مجزومًا على الأمر، وبقطعها على الخبر، وكلاهما صحيح، والأول أجود. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٢٠٧.","vol":"12","page":171},{"text":"مِن أن يأخُذَ عَلَيها خَرجًا مَعلومًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يحيى (^٢).\n\n١١٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطبَرانى، حدثنا حَفص بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: ما كُنّا نكرَهُ المُزارَعَةَ حتَّى سَمِعتُ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عن المُزارَعَةِ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٤٧ - وعن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَنهَ عن المُزارَعَةِ وقالَ: \"لَأن يَمنَحَ أحَدُكُم أخاه أرضَه خَيرٌ له مِن أن يأخُذَ شَيئًا مَعلومًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخارى في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ دونَ رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن رافِعِ، وأخرَجَ مسلم حَديثَ ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن حَديثِ وكيع عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١١٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤١)، والنسائي (٣٨٨٢) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٠/ ١٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٤٢)، ومسلم (١٥٥٠) عقب (١٢١).","vol":"12","page":172},{"text":"قال: قُلتُ لِطاوُسٍ: لَو تَرَكتَ المُخابَرَةَ؛ فإِنَّهُم يَزعُمونَ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عنه. قال: أي عمرو، إنِّى أُعطيهِم وأُعينُهُم، وإِنَّ أعلَمَهُم أخبرَنِى- يَعنِى ابنَ عباسٍ - أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَنْهَ عنه، ولَكِنْ قال: \"أن يَمنَحَ أحَدُكُم أخاه خَيرٌ له مِن أن يأخُذَ عَلَيها خَرجًا مَعلومًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه لَمّا سَمِعَ إكثارَ النّاسِ في كِراءِ الأرضِ قال: سُبحانَ الله! إنَّما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَلَا مَنَحَها أخاه؟ \". ولَم يَنهَ عن كِرائِها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمْحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n١١٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي رِزمَةَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن شَريكٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يُحَرِّمِ المُزارَعَةَ، ولَكِنْ أمَرَ أن يُرْفَقَ النّاسُ بَعضُهُم مِن\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٥٠٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٣٠)، ومسلم (١٥٥٠/ ١٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٥٦) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٥٠) عقب (١٢١).","vol":"12","page":173},{"text":"بَعضٍ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ بنِ حُجرٍ عن الفَضلِ بنِ موسى (^٢).\n\n١١٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الِإسفَرايينى، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِى، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ يَحيى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضلِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمارٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي الوَليدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لِرافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، أنا واللهِ كُنتُ أعلمَ بالحَديثِ مِنه؛ إنَّما أتَى رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - قَدِ اقتَتَلا، فقالَ: \"إن كان هذا شأنكم فلا تُكْرُوا المَزارِعَ\". فسَمع قَولَه: \"لا تُكروا المَزارِعَ\" (^٣).\nقال الشَّيخُ: زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ وابنُ عباسٍ كأنهُما أنكَرا -واللهُ أعلمُ- إطلاقَه (^٤) النَّهى عن كِراءِ المَزارعِ، وعَنَى ابنُ عباسٍ بما لَم يُنهَ عنه مِن ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٨٥) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٠) عقب (١٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٥٩) من طريق يزيد به. وأبو داود (٣٣٩٠) من طريق بشر به، وعند النسائي: الوليد بن الوليد. وأحمد (٢١٥٨٨) والنسائي (٣٩٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل، م: \"إطلاق\".","vol":"12","page":174},{"text":"كِراءَها بالذَّهَبِ والفِضةِ، وبِما لا غَرَرَ فيه، وقَد قَيَّدَ بَعضُ الرواةِ عن رافِعٍ الأنواعَ التى وقَعَ النَّهى عَنها، وبَينَ عِلةَ النهي، وهِى ما يُخشَى على الزرعِ مِنَ الهَلاكِ وذَلِكَ غَرَر في العِوَضِ يوجِبُ فسادَ العَقدِ، وإِن كان ابنُ عباسٍ عَنَى بما لَم يُنهَ عنه كِراءَها ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها فقَد رُوينا عَمَّن سَمِعَ نَهيَه عنه، فالحُكمُ له دونَه، وقَد رُوينا عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ ما يوافِقُ رِوايَةَ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ وغَيرِه (^١)، فدلَّ على (^٢) أنَّ ما أنكَرَه غَير ما أثبَتَه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nومِنَ العُلَماءِ مَن حَمَلَ أخبارَ النهي على ما لَو وقَعَت (^٣) بشُروطٍ فاسِدَةٍ نَحوَ شَرطِ الجَداوِلِ والماذِياناتِ -وهِىَ الأنهارُ- وهو ما كان يُشتَرطُ على الزارعِ (^٤) أن يَزرَعَه على هذه الأنهارِ خاصَّةً لِرَب المالِ، ونَحوَ شَرطِ القُصارَةِ، وهِى ما بَقِى مِنَ الحَب في السُّنبلِ بعدَ ما يُدرَسُ (^٥)، ويُقالُ: القِصْرِىّ، ونَحوَ شَرطِ ما سَقَى الرَّبيعُ، وهو النَهَرُ الصَّغيرُ مِثلُ الجَدوَلِ والسري ونَحوِه، وجَمعُه أرْبِعاءُ، قالوا: فكانَت هذه وما أشبَهَها شُروطًا شَرَطَها (^٦) رَبّ المالِ لِنَفسِه خاصَّة سِوَى الشرطِ على النِّصفِ والرُّبُعِ والثُّلُثِ، فنَرَى أن نَهى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عن المُزارَعَةِ إنَّما كان لِهَذِه الشُّروطِ؛ لأنَّها مَجهولَةٌ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٨٣٨).\n(^٢) زيادة من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: دفعت\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"المزارع\". وفى م: \"الزراع\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"يداس\".\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يشترطها\".","vol":"12","page":175},{"text":"فإِذا كانَتِ الحِصَصُ مَعلومَةً نَحوَ النِّصفِ والثُّلثِ والرُّبُعِ، وكانَتِ الشُّروطُ الفاسِدَةُ مَعدومَةً كانَتِ المُزارَعَةُ جائزَةً.\nوإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وأبو عُبَيدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ وغَيرُهُم مِن أهلِ الحديثِ، وإِلَيه ذَهَبَ أبو يوسُفَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحَسنِ مِن أصحابِ الرَّأي.\nوالأحاديثُ التى مَضَت في مُعامَلَةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أهلَ خَيبَرَ بشَطرِ (^١) ما يَخرُجُ\nمِنها مِن ثَمَرٍ أو زَرعٍ دَليل لَهُم في هذه المَسألَةِ، وضَعَّفَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ حَديثَ (^٢) رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ وقالَ: هو كَثيرُ الألوانِ. يُريدُ ما أشَرنا إلَيه مِنَ الاختِلافِ عَلَيه في إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ.\n\n١١٨٥٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهْلِى وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّه كان يُكرِى أرضَه، فأُخبِرَ بحَديثِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، فأتاه فسألَه عنه فأخبَرَه، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قَد عَلِمتُ أن أهلَ الأرضِ قَد كانوا يُعطُونَ أرَضِيهِم على عَهدِ النَّبِى - ﷺ -، ويَشتَرِطُ صاحِبُ الأرضِ لى الماذِياناتِ وما يَسقِى الرَّبيعُ، ويَشتَرِطُ مِنَ الجَرينِ (^٣) تِبنًا مَعلومًا. قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَظُنُّ أن النَّهى\n_________\n(^١) في ز، م: \"بشرط\".\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٣) الجَرين: موضع تجفيف التمر، وجمعه جُرُن، بضمتين. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٦٣.","vol":"12","page":176},{"text":"لِما كانوا يَشتَرِطونَ (^١).\n\n١١٨٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أُسَيدِ بنِ ظُهَيرٍ، عن (^٢) رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن النَّبِى - ﷺ - في المُزارَعَةِ أنَّ أحَدَهُم كان يَشتَرِطُ ثَلاثَةَ جَداوِلَ والقُصارَةَ وما سَقَى الرَّبيعُ، فنَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nقال الشَّيخُ: ومَن ذَهَبَ إلَى هذا زَعَمَ أن الأخبارَ التى ورَدَ النَّهى فيها عن كِرائِها بالنِّصفِ أوِ الثُّلُثِ أوِ الرُّبُعِ إنَّما هو لِما كانوا يُلحِقونَ به مِنَ الشُّروطِ الفاسِدَةِ، فقَصرَ بَعضُ الرّواةِ بذِكرِها، وقَد ذَكَرَها بَعضُهُم، والنَّهى يَتَعَلَّقُ بها دونَ غَيرِها، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال في مَرَضِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى؛ اتَّخَذوا قُبورَ أنبيائِهِم مَساجِدَ، لا يبقيَنَّ دِينانِ بأرض العَرَبِ\". فلَمّا استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣١) دون ذكر أبي الأزهر، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٤٥٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٢، ٤٣. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٩٨) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٥٨١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦٠) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"12","page":177},{"text":"الخطابِ أجلَى أهلَ نَجرانَ إلَى النَّجْرانيَّةِ (^١) واشتَرَى عُقَدَهُم (^٢) وأموالَهُم، وأجلَى أهلَ فَدَكٍ وتَيماءَ وأهلَ خَيبَرَ، واستَعمَلَ يَعلَى بنَ مُنيَةَ، فأعطَى البَياضَ (^٣) على: إن كان البَذرُ والبَقَرُ والحَديدُ مِن عُمَرَ فلِعُمَرَ الثُّلُثانِ ولَهُم الثُّلُثُ، وإِن كان مِنهُم [فلِعُمرَ الشَّطرُ ولَهُمُ الشَّطرُ] (^٤)، وأعطَى النَخلَ والعِنَبَ على أنَّ لِعُمَرَ الثلُثَينِ ولَهُمُ الثلُثَ (^٥).\nوأشارَ البخارىُّ إلَيه في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ وهو مُرسَل قال البخارىُّ في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ: وقالَ قَيسُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن أبي جَعفَرٍ: ما بالمَدينَةِ أهلُ بَيتِ هِجرَةٍ إلا يَزرَعونَ على الثُّلُثِ والربعِ. قال البخارىُّ: وزارَعَ علىٌّ وسَعدُ بنُ مالكٍ وابنُ مَسعودٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ والقاسِمُ وعُروَةُ واَلُ أبي بكر واَلُ عُمَرَ وآلُ على وابنُ سيرينَ، وقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الأسوَدِ: كُنتُ أُشارِكُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَزيدَ في الزَّرعِ (^٦).\n\n١١٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"البحرانية\".\n(^٢) العُقَد: جمع عُقْدة، الضيعة والعقار وكل ما اعتقده صاحبه ملكًا. ينظر تاج العروس ٨/ ٣٩٧ (ع ق د).\n(^٣) البياض من الأرض: ما لا عمارة فيه. ينظر المعجم الكبير ١/ ٧١٩ (ب ى ض).\n(^٤) في م: \"فلهم الشطر\".\n(^٥) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٨٩٢، وعبد الرزاق (٩٩٨٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي حكيم به مختصرًا. وينظر تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٣٠٣، ٣٠٤ ففيه عن المصنف: حماد بن سلمة أن يحيى بن سعيد أخبرهم عن إسماعيل بن أبي حكيم.\n(^٦) البخارى قبل (٢٣٢٨).","vol":"12","page":178},{"text":"أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كان سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: لَيسَ باستِكراءِ الأرضِ بالذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ بأس، وقَد بَلَغَنا أن رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ كان يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ عَمَّيه -وكانا قَد شَهِدا بَدرًا- يُحَدِّثانِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن كِراءِ الأرضِ. فلِذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ رافعِ بنِ خَديجٍ كان عبدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ يَترُكُ كِراءَ أرضِه، فلَم يَكُنْ يُكريها لا بذَهَبٍ ولا بوَرِق ولا بشَئٍ، فأخَذَ بذَلِكَ مِن فُتيا رافِع أُناس وتَرَكَه آخَرونَ، فأما المُعامَلَةُ على الشَّطرِ أوِ الثُّلُثَينِ أو ما اصطَلَحوا عَلَيه مِن ذَلِكَ فقَد بَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد كان عامَلَ يَهودَ خَيبَرَ حينَ أفاءَ اللهُ على المُسلِمينَ على الشَّطرِ، وذَلِكَ أطيَبُ أمرِ الأرضِ وأحَلُّه (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: ومَن قال بالأوَّلِ أجابَ عن هذا وزَعَمَ أن ما ثَبَتَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فلا حُجَّةَ في قَولِ أحَدٍ دونَه، وحَديثُ رافِعٍ حَديث ثابِت، وفيه دَليل على نَهيِه عن المُعامَلَةِ عَلَيها ببَعضِ ما يَخرُجُ مِنها، إلَّا أنَّه أسنَدَه عن بَعضِ عُمومَتِه مَرة وأرسَلَه أُخرَى، واستَقصَى في رِوايَتِه مَرَّةً واختَصرَها أُخرَى، وتابَعَه على رِوايَتِه جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرُه كما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه، وحَديثُ المُعامَلَةِ بشَطرِ ما يَخرُجُ مِن خَيبَرَ مِن ثَمَرٍ أو زَرعٍ مَقول به إذا كان الزَّرعُ بَينَ ظَهرانَي النخلِ، وفِى ذَلِكَ جَمع بَينَ الأخبارِ الوارِدَةِ فيه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩١٤، ٣٩١٥) من طريق شعيب به، وفى الموضع الثاني لم يذكر: عميه. وفى الموضع الأول لم يذكر ابن المسيب. وهو عنده مختصر جدًا بذكر المرفوع.","vol":"12","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2618>بابُ مَن زَرَعَ في أرضِ غَيِره بغَيِر إذنِه أو بإِذنِه على سَبيلِ المُزارَعَةِ</span>\n\n١١٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأَسْفَاطى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن زَرَعَ في أرضِ قَوم بغَيرِ إذنِهِم فلَيسَ له في الزرعِ شَيءٌ وتُرَد عَلَيه نَفَقَتُه\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي الوَليدِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ قال: يَرفَعُه. وقالَ: \"فلَه نَفَقَتُه ولَيسَ له مِنَ الزَّرعِ شئٌ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقٍ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ يَعنِى ابنَ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديج قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١١٨٥٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عِمرانَ القاضِى بهَراةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِم عبدُ الجَليلِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الهَرَوِى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا بُكَيرٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٢١)، وأبو داود (٣٤٠٣)، والترمذي (١٣٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٦٦) من طريق شريك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠٤).\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٩٦).","vol":"12","page":180},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي نُعمٍ، أن رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه زَرَعَ أرضًا أخَذَها مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ، فمَرَّ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَسقِى زَرعَه فسأله: \"لِمَن هَذا؟ \". فقالَ: الزرعُ لِى، وهِى أرضُ بَنِى فُلانٍ أخَذتُها، لِى الشطرُ ولَهُمُ الشَّطرُ. قال: فقالَ: \"انفُض يَدَكَ مِن غُبارِها، ورُدَّ الأرضَ إلَى أهلِها، وخُذ نَفَقَتَكَ\". قال: فانطَلَقتُ فأخبَرتُهُم بما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فأخَذَ نَفَقَتَه ورَدَّ إلَيهِم أرضَهُم (^١).\n\n١١٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الخَطْمِيُّ قال: بَعَثَنِى عَمى أنا وغُلامًا له إلَى سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ. قال: فقُلنا له: شَئ بَلَغَنا عَنكَ في المُزارَعَةِ. قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ لا يَرَى بها بأسًا حتَّى بَلَغَه عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ في حَديثٍ، فأتاه فأخبَرَه رافِع أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتَى بَنِى حارِثَةَ فرأى زَرعًا في أرضِ ظُهَيرٍ. فقالَ: \"ما أحسَنَ زَرعَ ظُهَير! \". فقالوا: لَيسَ لِظُهَيرٍ. قال: \"ألَيس أرضَ ظُهَيرٍ؟ \". قالوا: بَلى ولَكِنَّه زَرعُ فُلانٍ. قال: \"فخُذوا زَرعَكُم ورُدُّوا عَلَيه النّفَقَةَ\". قال رافِع: فأخَذنا زَرعَنا ورَدَدنا إلَيه النَفَقَةَ. قال سعيد: أفقِرْ أخاكَ (^٢) أو أَكْرِهِ بالدَّراهِمِ (^٣).\nظاهِرُ هذه الأحاديثِ يَدُلُّ على أن الزَّرعَ يَتبَعُ الأرضَ، وفُقَهاءُ الأمصارِ على أن الزَّرعَ يَتبَعُ البَذرَ، ولَو ثَبَتَت هذه الأحاديثُ لَم يَكُنْ لأحَدٍ في خِلافِها\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٨٣٦) بنحوه.\n(^٢) أفقِرْ أخاك: أي أعره إياها، وأصل الإفقار في إعارة الظهر. معالم السنن ٣/ ٩٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٩٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٨٩٨) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٠٢).","vol":"12","page":181},{"text":"حُجَّة، إلَّا أن الحديثَ الأولَ يَنفَرِدُ به شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ الله وقَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، وقَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ ضَعيفٌ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^١)، وشَريكُ بنُ عبدِ الله مُختَلَفٌ فيه (^٢)، كان يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ لا يَروِى عنه ويُضَعِّفُ حَديثَه جِدًّا (^٣)، ثُمَّ هو مُرسَلٌ، قال الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ \"البويطي\": الحديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ؛ لأنَّه لَم يَلقَ عَطاءٌ رافِعًا (^٤).\n\n١١٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: كُنتُ أظُنُّ أن عَطاءً عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ مُرسَلٌ حَتَّى تبَيَّنَ لِى أن أبا إسحاقَ أيضًا عن عَطاءٍ مُرسَلٌ. قال أبو أحمدَ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن زَرَعَ في أرضِ قَومٍ بغَيرِ إذنِهِم فلَيسَ له مِنَ الزَّرعِ شَيءٌ، وتُرَدُّ عَلَيه قيمَةُ نَفَقَتِه\". قالَ يوسُفُ: غَيرُ حَجّاجٍ لا يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) هو قيس بن الربيع أبو محمد الأسدى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٥٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢١٦، ومعرفة الثقات ٢/ ٢٢٠. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٢٨: صدوق تغير لما كبر، وأدخل عليه ابنه ما ليس من حديثه.\n(^٢) هو شريك بن عبد الله بن أبي شريك. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٣٧، وثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ٤٤٤، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٤٦٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٥١: صدوق يخطئ كثيرًا، تغير حفظه منذ ولى القضاء.\n(^٣) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٤٦٨.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٢١٤٦).","vol":"12","page":182},{"text":"عبدُ العَزيزِ؛ يقولُ: عن أبي إسحاقَ عن عَطاءٍ (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: أبو إسحاقَ كان يُدَلِّسُ (^٢)، وأهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ يَقولونَ: عَطاءٌ عن رافِعٍ مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقالَ أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ: هذا الحديثُ لا يَثبُتُ عِندَ أهلِ المَعرِفَةِ بالحَديثِ. قال أبو سُلَيمانَ: وحَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ يَحيَى عن موسَى بنِ هارونَ الحَمّالِ أنَّه كان يُنكِرُ هذا الحديثَ ويُضَعِّفُه ويَقولُ: لَم يَروِهِ [عن أبي إسحاقَ] (^٣) غَيرُ شَريكٍ، ولا رَواه عن عَطاءٍ غَيرُ أبي إسحاقَ، وعَطاءٌ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ شَيئًا. قال أبو سُلَيمانَ: وضَعَّفَه البخارىُّ أيضًا (^٤).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رَواه عُقبَةُ بنُ الأصَمِّ عن عَطاءٍ قال: حدثنا رافِعُ بن خَديجٍ. وعُقبَةُ ضعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٥). وأمَّا حَديثُ بُكَيرِ بنِ عامِرٍ البَجَلِىِّ عن ابنِ أبي نُعمٍ عن رافِعٍ، فبُكَيرٌ وإِنِ استَشهَدَ به مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في غَيرِ هذا الحديثِ فقَد ضَغَفَه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطانُ وحَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٦). وأمَّا الحديثُ الثّالِثُ فراويهِ أبو جَعفَرٍ عُمَيرُ بنُ يَزيدَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٧١)، والكامل ٤/ ١٣٣٤.\n(^٢) هو أبو إسحاق السبيعى عمرو بن عبد الله الهمدانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٤٧، وثقات ابن حبان ٥/ ١٧٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١٠٣. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٧٣: ثقة ... اختلط بأخرة.\n(^٣) زيادة من حاشية الأصل، م.\n(^٤) معالم السنن ٣/ ٩٦.\n(^٥) هو عقبة بن عبد الله الأصم البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٤١، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣١٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٢٠٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٧: ضعيف ربَّما دلس.\n(^٦) هو بكير بن عامر أبو إسماعيل الكوفي البجلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١١٥، =","vol":"12","page":183},{"text":"الخَطْمِىُّ، ولَم أرَ البُخارِىَّ ولا مُسلِمًا احتَجّا به في حَديثٍ، واللهُ أعلمُ، ورُوِى عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في مَعناه، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2619>بابُ فضلِ الزَّرعِ والغَرسِ إذا أُكِلَ مِنهُ</span>\n\n١١٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَغرِسُ غَرسًا أو يَزرَعُ زَرعًا فيأكُلُ مِنه طَيرٌ أو إنسانٌ أو بَهيمَةٌ إلا كانَت له صَدَقَةً (^١) \". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ نَخلًا لأُمِّ مُبَشِّرٍ امرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: \"مَن غَرَسَ هذا؟ مسلمٌ أو كافِرٌ؟ \". فقالوا: مسلمٌ. فقالَ: \"لا يَغرِسُ\n_________\n= والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٠٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ١١٥.\nوقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٠٨: ضعيف.\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"الصدقة\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٩٥)، والترمذي (١٣٨٢) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٣/ ١٢)، والبخاري (٢٣٢٠).","vol":"12","page":184},{"text":"مسلمٌ غَرسًا فأكَلَ (^١) مِنه إنسانٌ أو طَيرٌ أو دابَّةٌ إلَّا كانَت له صَدَقَةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ مسلمٌ: حدثنا. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ [أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ] (^٤) بنِ داودَ الرَّزَازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن مُسلِبم يَغرِسُ غَرسًا إلَّا كان (^٥) له صَدَقَةً بما أُكلَ مِنه وما سُرِقَ مِنه وما أكَلَتِ الطَّيرُ مِنه وما أكلَتِ الوُحوشُ\" أو قال: \"السِّباعُ\" (^٦). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٧).\n\n١١٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشِّيرازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - دَخَلَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"يأكل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٩٩) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٢٠)، ومسلم (١٥٥٣/ ١٣).\n(^٤) في النسخ عدا ص ٦: \"محمد بن أحمد\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، ص ٦. وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا.\n(^٥) في ص، ص ٦: \"كانت\".\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠١١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٥٥٢/ ٧).","vol":"12","page":185},{"text":"على أُمِّ مُبَشِّرٍ الأنصاريَّةِ في نَخلٍ لَها، فقالَ لَها النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن غَرَسَ هذا النَّخلَ؟ أمُسلِمٌ أم كافِرٌ؟ \". فقالَت: لا، بَل مسلمٌ. فقالَ: \"لا يَغرِسُ مسلمٌ غَرسًا، ولا يَزرَعُ زَرعًا، فيأكُلُ مِنه إنسان ولا دابةٌ ولا شَيءٌ إلَّا كان له صَدَقَةً\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2620>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن حِفظِ المَنطِقِ في الزَّرعِ</span>\n\n١١٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الله العَطّارُ (^٣) ببَغدادَ شَيخ ثِقَةٌ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ المَوصِلِىُّ سنةَ سِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: لا تَقُلْ: زَرَعتُ، ولَكِن قُلْ: حَرَثتُ؛ إنَّ اللهَ هو الزّارعُ. هذا مِن قَولِ مُجاهِدٍ.\nوقَد رُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ:\n\n١١٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ عمرٍو وإِبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ جارُ عُبَيدٍ العِجلِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ أبي مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا مسلمٌ الجَرْمِىُّ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدٍ (^٤)، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: زَرَعتُ، ولَكِن ليقُلْ: حَرَثتُ\". قال محمدٌ (^٤):\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحمدى (١٢٧٤) من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٥٢/ ٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"القطان\".\n(^٤) هو ابن سيرين.","vol":"12","page":186},{"text":"قال أبو هريرةَ: ألَم تَسمَعوا إلَى قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ (٦٣) أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ﴾ (^١) [الواقعة: ٦٤].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2621>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَصبِ الجَماجِمِ (^٢) لأجلِ العَيِن</span>\n\n١١٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَمِيرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَرْدِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ بنُ حَفصٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ حُسَينِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بتِلكَ الجَماجِمِ تُجعَلُ في الزَّرعِ مِن أجلِ العَينَ (^٣). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١١٨٦٨ - ورَواه عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه قال: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ، إنَّكُم تُحِبّونَ الماشيَةَ فأقِلُّوا مِنها؛ فإِنَّكُم بأقَلِّ الأرضِ مَطَرًا، واحتَرِثوا؛ فإِنَّ الحَرثَ مُبارَكٌ، واكثِرِوا فيه مِنَ الجَماجِمِ\". وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ علىٍّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٧٢٣) من طريق مسلم بن أبي مسلم الجرمى به.\n(^٢) الجماجم: جمع جمجمة، وهي الخشبة تكون في رأسها سكة الحرث. النهاية ١/ ٢٩٩، والتاج ٣١/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٥٤١) من طريق الدراوردى به، وفيه \"القاسم\" بدل \"الهيثم\". وينظر الضعيفة (٦٠١٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود في المراسيل (٥٤٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في إصلاح المال (٢٩٧) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به.","vol":"12","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2622>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَرحِ السِّرجيِن (^١) والعَذِرَةِ في الأرضِ</span>\n\n١١٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ، عن حَمّادِ ابنِ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ بابَىْ -هَكَذا قال يَزيدُ- قال: كان سَعدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبي وقّاصٍ يَحمِلُ مِكْتَلَ (^٢) عُرَّةٍ إلَى أرضٍ لَه (^٣).\n\n١١٨٧٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ بابا، عن سَعدٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، إلا أنَّه قال: وقالَ سَعدٌ: مِكتَلُ عُرَّةٍ مِكتَلُ بُرٍّ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِىُّ: العُرَّةُ هِى عَذِرَةُ النّاسِ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ خِلافُ ذَلِكَ في العَذِرَةِ خاصَّةً:\n\n١١٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَشتَرِطُ على الَّذِى يُكريه أرضَه ألا يَعُرَّها، وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يَدَعَ عبدُ الله الكِراءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) السرجين: ويقال: السرقين. هو زبل الدواب. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٢) المكتل: الزبيل، وهو القفة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث ٤/ ١٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣٢)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"12","page":188},{"text":"ورُوِى فيه حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١١٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن أبيه، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال؛ كُنّا نُكرِى أرضَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَشتَرِطُ عَلَيهِم ألا يَدْمُلوها (^١) بعَذِرَةِ النّاسِ.\n\n١١٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَصينٍ، عن أَسِيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وأتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى كُنتُ أكنُسُ حَتَّى تَزَوَّجتُ وعَتَقتُ وحَجَجتُ. قال: ما كُنتَ تَكنُسُ؟ قال: العَذِرَةَ. قال: أنتَ خَبيثٌ وعِتقُكَ خَبيثٌ وحَجُّكَ خَبيثٌ، اخرُجْ مِنه كما دَخَلتَ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2623>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَطعِ السِّدرِ</span>\n\n١١٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) يُدْمِلُ أرضه: يصلحها ويحسن معالجتها، ومنه قيل للجرح: قد اندمل: إذا تماثل وصلح. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١٨.\n(^٢) ذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٤ من طريق رشيد الواسطي عن ابن عمر بنحوه. فسمى الراوى عن ابن عمر \"رشيدا\". فالله أعلم.","vol":"12","page":189},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ على، أخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن عبدِ الله ابنِ حُبشِىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَطَعَ سِدرَةً صَوَّبَ اللهُ رأسَه في النَّار\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِ رِوايَةِ أبي داودَ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: عن ابنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُبشِىٍّ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n١١٨٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، [أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ على الحافظُ] (^٢)، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يحيَى الصِّلْحِىُّ بفَمِ الصِّلْحِ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ مَوهَبٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا مَسعَدَةُ بنُ اليَسَعِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَطَعَ سِدرَةً صَوَّبَ الله رأسَه في النَّار\". قال أبو عبدِ الله: قال أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ: هَكَذا كَتَبناه مِن حَديثِ مَسعَدَةَ ولَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيه، وهو خَطأ.\n\n١١٨٧٧ - وِإنَّما رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قَولَه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الله، أخبرَنا أبو على، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٧، وأبو داود (٥٢٣٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١١) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٦٤).\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٥.","vol":"12","page":190},{"text":"سَلْمٍ (^١)، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَسروقِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\nفصارَت رِوايَةُ نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ عن أبي أُسامَةَ بهَذا مَعلولَةً، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ أبو أُسامَةَ رَواه على الوَجهَينِ.\nوقَد رَواه مَعمَرٌ كما:\n\n١١٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ يَرفَعُ الحديثَ في الَّذِى يَقطَعُ السِّدرَ قال: \"يُصَبُّ عَلَيه العَذابُ\". أو قال: \"يُصَوَّبُ رأسُه في النّارِ\". قال: فسألتُ بَنِى عُروةَ عن ذَلِكَ، فأخبَرونِى أن عُروةَ قَطَعَ سِدرَةً كانَت في حائطٍ فجُعِلَ بابًا لِحائطٍ (^٣).\nيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ الرَّجُلُ مِن ثَقيفَ عمرَو بنَ أوسٍ فقَد:\n\n١١٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، عن عُروةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سلمة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٤٢٥ من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٦)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٥٢٤٠).","vol":"12","page":191},{"text":"الُّذينَ يَقطَعونَ السِّدرَ يَصُبُّهُمُ الله على رُءوسِهِم في النّارِ صَبًّا\" (^١). أبو عثمانَ هذا هو محمدُ بنُ شَريكٍ المَكِّىُّ، وهَذا هو المَحفوظُ عنه مُرسَلًا.\n\n١١٨٨٠ - وقَد رَواه القاسِمُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ شَريكٍ العامِرِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الَّذينَ يَقطَعونَ السِّدرَ يُصَبُّونَ في النّارِ على رُءوسِهِم صَبًا\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو على الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). قال أبو علىٍّ: ما أُراه حَفِظَه عن وكيعٍ، وقَد تكَلَّموا فيه يَعنِى القاسِمَ (^٣)، والمَحفوظُ رِوايَةُ أبي أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىِّ ومَن تابَعَه على رِوايَتِه عن محمدِ بنِ شَريكٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ عن عُروةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، مُرسَلًا.\n\n١١٨٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ قال: أدرَكتُ شَيخًا مِن ثَقيفَ قَد أفسَدَ السِّدرُ زَرعَه، فقُلتُ: أَلَا تَقطَعُه؟ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إلا مِن زَرع\". فقالَ: أنا سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن قَطَعَ السِّدرَ إلّا مِن زَرعٍ صُبَّ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٤٦ من طريق أبي العباس الأصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٩٧٦)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥٦١٥)، والخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٤٦، وابن عساكر في تاريخ ٦٠/ ٢٦١ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٣) هو القاسم بن أبي شيبة أخو أبي بكر وعثمان. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الثقات لابن حبان ٩/ ١٨.","vol":"12","page":192},{"text":"العَذابُ صَبًّا\". فأنا أكرَهُ أن أقطَعَه مِنَ الزَّرعِ ومِن غَيرِهِ (^١). فهَذا إسنادٌ آخَرُ لِعَمرِو بنِ أوسٍ سِوَى رِوايَتِه عن عُروةَ إن كان حَفِظَه إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ.\nوقَد رُوِى عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ كما:\n\n١١٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ وكيعٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ مِسمارٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اخرُجْ فأذِّنْ في النّاسِ: مِنَ اللهِ لا مِنْ رسولِه: لَعَنَ اللهُ قاطِعَ السِّدرَةِ\". هَكَذا قالَه شَيخُنا في غَرائبِ الشُّيوخِ.\n\n١١٨٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ (^٢) بنِ خُزَيمَةَ الدِّينَوَرِىُّ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ المَخزومِىُّ سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ المَكِّىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ. فذَكَرَه. قال أبو علىٍّ: هَكَذا قال لَنا هذا الشَّيخُ، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ في إسنادِه وهْمٌ. ورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ عن هِشامِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ، ولَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ في إسنادِه، وهو\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٨)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٩٧٧).\n(^٢) في س: \"محمد بن عمران\"، وفى ص ٥: \"عميران\".","vol":"12","page":193},{"text":"الصَّوابُ (^١).\nوَرَواه عليُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ مُرسَلًا (^٢). ورَواه علىُّ بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ البَريدِ عن إبراهيمَ الخُوزِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وسُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَده، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وقالَ: \"إلَّا مِن زَرعٍ\" (^٣). قال أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ: حَديثُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ مُضطَرِبْ، وإبراهيمُ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\nقال الشَّيخُ: ورَواه المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ عن عمرٍو عن أبي جَعفَرٍ كما:\n\n١١٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بِشْران، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ قال: سَمِعتُ المُثَنَّى بنَ الصَّبّاحِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - لِعَلِىٍّ في مَرَضِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه: \"اخرُجْ يا علىُّ فقُل: عنِ اللهِ لا عن رسولِ الله: لَعَنَ الله مَن يَقطَعُ السِّدرَ\" (^٥).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُنقَطِعٌ وضَعيف إلا حَديثَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، فإِنِّى لا أدرِى هَل سَمِعَ سعيدٌ مِن عبدِ الله بنِ حُبْشِىٍّ أم لا؟ ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ سَمِعَه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ١٧٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٩٣٢) من طريق هشام به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٩٨١) من طريق إبراهيم بن يزيد به، وعنده بدون ذكر: \"محمد ابن الحنفية\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٧) من طريق عمرو بن دينار بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٤١ (٨٦) من طريق على بن هاشم به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٢).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٧).","vol":"12","page":194},{"text":"ورُوِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا إن كان مَحفوظًا:\n\n١١٨٨٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّبَيرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الحافظُ وأنا سألتُه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ الجُنْدَيْسابُورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ القُدُّوسِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَبيرِ بنِ شُعَيبِ بنِ الحَبْحابِ، حدثنا عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"قاطِعُ السِّدرِ يُصَوِّبُ الله رأسَه في النَّارِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٨٦ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، حدثنا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو على محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المالِكِىُّ بالشَّجَرَةِ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أخزَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أخيه مُخارِقِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَده، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مِنَ الله لا مِن رسولِه: لَعَنَ اللهُ عاضِدَ السِّدرِ\"] (^٢).\n\n١١٨٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ وحُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ قالا: حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: سألتُ هِشامَ بنَ عُروةَ عن قَطعِ السِّدرِ وهو مُسنِا إلَى قَصرِ عُروةَ فقالَ: تَرَى (^٣) هذه الأبوابَ والمَصاريعَ؟ إنَّما هِى مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (١٢٣٠ - الروض) من طريق محمد بن نوح به.\n(^٢) ليس في: عن ٦.\nوالحديث أخرجه الطبراني (١٠١٦)، وتمام في فوائده (١٢٢٩ - الروض) من طريق زيد بن أخزم به، ولفظ تمام: لعن رسول الله - ﷺ - قاطع السدر.\n(^٣) في م: \"أترى\".","vol":"12","page":195},{"text":"سِدرِ عُروةَ، كان عُروَةُ يَقطَعُه مِن أرضِه. وقالَ: لا بأسَ بهِ. زادَ حُمَيدٌ: وقالَ (^١): يا عِراقِىُّ جِئتَنِى ببِدعَةٍ. قال: قُلتُ: إنَّما البِدعَةُ مِن قِبَلِكُم؛ سَمِعتُ مَن يقولُ بمَكَّةَ: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَن قَطَعَ السِّدرَ. فقالَ أبو داودَ: ثُمَّ ساقَ مَعناه (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: يَعنِى مَن قَطَعَ السِّدرَ (^٣) في فَلاةٍ يَستَظِلُّ بها ابنُ السَّبيلِ والبَهائمُ عَبَثًا وظُلمًا بغَيرِ حَقٍّ يَكونُ له فيها (^٤).\n\n١١٨٨٨ - قال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقَد قَرأتُ في \"كتاب أبى الحسَن العاصمى\" (^٥) رِوايَتَه عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ بنِ الفَرَجِىِّ، عن أبى ثَورٍ أنَّه قال: سألتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافعىَّ ﵀ عن قَطعِ السِّدرِ فقالَ: لا بأسَ به؛ قَد رُوِى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"اغسِلْه بماءٍ وسِدرٍ\" (^٦).\nقُلتُ: فالحَديثُ الَّذِى رُوِى في قاطِعِ السِّدرِ يَكونُ مَحمولًا على ما حَمَلَه عَلَيه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ ﵀ إن صَحَّ طَريقُه، ففيه (^٧) مِنَ الاختِلافِ ما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه، ورُوِّينا عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه كان يَقطَعُه مِن أرضِه وهو أحَدُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فقال: هى\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٢٤١). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (١١٢٣).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"سدرة\".\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٥٢٣٩).\n(^٥) هوأبو الحسن محمد بن الحسين بن إبراهيم العاصمى السختيانى صاحب كتاب \"مناقي الشافعي\"- كما ذكره المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٧٣١).\n(^٧) سقط من: ز.","vol":"12","page":196},{"text":"رواةِ النَّهي، فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ النَّهىُ خاصًّا كما قال أبو داودَ ﵀، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَرأت في كِتابِ أبى سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىِّ أن إسماعيلَ بنَ يَحيَى (^١) المُزَنِىَّ سُئلَ عن هذا فقالَ: وجهُه أن يَكونَ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عَمَّن هَجَمَ على قَطعِ سِدرٍ لِقَومٍ، أو ليَتيمٍ، أو لِمَن حَرَّمَ اللهُ أن يُقطَعَ عَلَيه، فتَحامَلَ عَلَيه بقَطعِه فاستَحَقَّ ما قالَه، فتَكونَ المَسألَةُ سَبَقَتِ السّامِعَ فسَمِعَ الجَوابَ ولَم يَسمَعِ المَسألَةَ. وجَعَلَ نَظيرَه حَديثَ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما الرِّبا في النَّسيئَةِ\" (^٢). فسَمِعَ الجَوابَ ولَم يَسمَعِ المَسألَةَ، وقَد قال: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثل يَدًا بَيدٍ\" (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ المُزَنِىُّ بما احتَجَّ به الشّافِعِىُّ مِن إجازَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن يُغسَلَ المَيِّتُ بالسِّدرِ؛ ولَو كان حَرامًا لَم يَجُزْ الانتِفاعُ به. قال: والوَرَقُ مِنَ السِّدرِ كالغُصنِ، وقَد سَوَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيما حَرُمَ قَطعُه مِن شَجَرِ الحَرَمِ بَينَ ورَقِه وبَينَ غَيرِه، فلَمّا لَم أرَ أحَدًا يَمنَعُ مِن ورَقِ السِّدرِ دَلَّ على جَوازِ قَطعِ السِّدرِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: إبراهيم\". وينظر طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٢/ ٩٣.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٩٣، ١٠٥٩٤).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٧٣).\n(^٤) غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٤٧٧، ٤٧٨.","vol":"12","page":197},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2624>كتابُ إحياءِ المَوَاتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2625>بابُ مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً لَيسَت لأحَدٍ ولا في حَقِّ أحَدٍ فهِى لَهُ</span>\n\n١١٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ أبو الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن عَمَرَ أرضًا لَيسَت لأحَدٍ فهو أحَقُّ بها\". قال عُروَةُ: قَضَى بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ في خِلافَتِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١١٨٩٠ - وإخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِىَ له، ولَيسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظالِمِ حَقٌّ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٨٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٨٣) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به، بدون قول عروة. وسيأتى في (١١٩٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٣٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٦٤٨).","vol":"12","page":199},{"text":"نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُروةَ قال: أشهَدُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى أن الأرضَ أرضُ اللهِ، والعِبادَ عِبادُ اللهِ، ومَن أحيا مَواتًا فهو أحَقُّ به. جاءَنا بهَذا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الَّذينَ جاءونا بالصَّلَواتِ عَنه (^١).\n\n١١٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن أحيا مَواتًا مِنَ الأرضِ فهِى له، ولَيسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٨٩٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أسه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهو أحَقُّ بها، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\". قال: وقالَ هِشامٌ: العِرقُ الظّالِمُ أن يأتِى مالَ غَيرِه فيَحفِرَ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدٌ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً لَم تَكُنْ لأحَدٍ قَبلَه فهِى له، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\". قال: فلَقَد حَدَّثَنِى صاحِبُ هذا الحديثِ أنَّه أبصَرَ رَجُلَينِ مِن بَياضَةَ يَختَصِمانِ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٧٦). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٤١).\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٦٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٦٢) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٧٢). وذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ٤/ ٤١٤، ٤١٥ عن ابن إدريس به.","vol":"12","page":200},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أجَمَةٍ (^١) لأحَدِهِما غَرَسَ فيها الآخَرُ نَخلًا، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِصاحِبِ الأرضِ بأرضِه، وأمَرَ صاحِبَ النَّخلِ أنْ يُخرِجَ نَخلَه عنه. قال: فلَقَد رأيتُه يَضرِبُ في أُصولِ النَّخلِ بالفُئوسِ، وإِنَّه لَنَخلٌ عُمٌّ. قال يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ: والعُمُّ؛ قال بعضُهم: الَّذِى لَيسَ بالقَصيرِ ولا بالطَّويلِ. وقالَ بعضُهم: العُمُّ القَديمُ. وقالَ بعضُهم: الطَّويلُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِى عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه قال: العُمُّ الشَّبابُ (^٣).\n\n١١٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبْغِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا مَواتًا مِنَ الأرضِ في غَيرِ حَقِّ مُسلِمٍ فهو له، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^٥).\n\n١١٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الأجمة: البطيحة، وهى كل مكان متسع. ينظر المغرب (أ ج م)، والمصباح المنير (ب ط ح).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٦٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٥ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٤) في ص ٦: \"الضبعى\". وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٣/ ٥٢١.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ١٣ (٤)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٧٩، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٣٤٧.\nمن طريق ابن أبى أويس به. ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٧٩)، ومن طريقه ابن قانع في معجمه ٢/ ٢٢٠، والبزار (٣٣٩٣)، والطحاوى ٣/ ٢٦٨، من طريق كثير به. وسيأتى في (١١٩٣٣).","vol":"12","page":201},{"text":"عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحاطَ على شَئٍ فهو أحَقُّ به، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حَدَّثَتنى أُمُّ جَنوبٍ بنتُ نُمَيلَةَ، عن أُمِّها سُوَيدَةَ بنتِ جابِرٍ، عن أُمِّها عُقَيلَةَ (^٢) بنتِ أسمَرَ بنِ مُضَرِّسٍ، عن أبيها أسمَرَ بنِ مُضَرِّسٍ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فبايَعتُه فقالَ: \"مَن سَبَقَ إلَى ما لَم يَسبِقْه إلَيه مسلمٌ فهو له\". قال: فخَرَجَ النّاسُ يَتَعادَونَ يَتَخاطّونَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2626>بابُ مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِى له بعَطيَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دونَ السُّلطانِ</span>\n\n١١٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا زَمعَةُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"العِبادُ عِبادُ اللَّهِ، والبِلادُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٣٨)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٠٧٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٦٣) من طريق سعيد بلفظ: من أحاط حائطًا على أرض فهى له. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٤) وسيأتى بهذا اللفظ من طريق آخر عن قتادة (١١٩٣٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"غفيلة\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٧١). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٢).","vol":"12","page":202},{"text":"بلادُ اللهِ، فمَن أحيا مِن مَواتِ الأرضِ شَيئًا فهو له، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^١).\n\n١١٨٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِى له، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^٢).\n\n١١٩٠٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ قال: مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فهِى لَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2627>بابٌ: لا يُترَكُ ذِمِّىٌّ يُحييه</span>\nلأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَعَلَها لِمَن أحياها مِنَ المُسلِمينَ.\n\n١١٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ (^٤)، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا مَيتًا مِن مَوَتانِ الأرضِ فلَه رَقَبتُها، وعادِىُّ الأرضِ للهِ ولِرسولِه، ثُمَّ لَكُم\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٥٤٣)، ومن طريقه ابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٨٦، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢١٧. وأخرجه أبو يوسف في الخراج ص ١٨١ من طريق عروة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٨٨٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٤٥) عن أبى سعيد عن أبى العباس به. والشافعى ٤/ ٤٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٣. وينظر ما تقدم (١١٨٩٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣٦). والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٠، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٤، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٧٠. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١١٩٤٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وليث عن طاوس\".","vol":"12","page":203},{"text":"مِن بَعدِى\" (^١).\nورَواه هِشامُ بنُ حُجَيرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ [فقالَ: \"ثُمَّ] (^٢) هِى لَكُم مِنِّى\" (^٣).\n\n١١٩٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عادِىُّ الأرضِ للهِ ولِرسولِه، ثُمَّ لَكُم مِن بَعدُ، فمَن أحيا شَيئًا مِن مَوَتانِ الأرضِ فلَه رَقَبَتُها\" (^٤).\n\n١١٩٠٣ - وبِه قال: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ عادِىَّ الأرضِ للهِ ولِرسولِه ولَكُم مِن بَعدُ، فمَن أحيا شَيئًا مِن مَوَتانِ الأرضِ فهو أحَقُّ بهِ (^٥).\n\n١١٩٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَوَتانُ الأرضِ للهِ ولِرسولِه، فمَن أحيا مِنها شَيئًا فهِى له\" (^٦). تَفَرَّدَ به مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ مَرفوعًا مَوصولًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعي ٢/ ٢٦٨ (٤٣٩ - شفاء العي) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"فقال\". وفى ص ٥: \"ثم قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى -كما في المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٣٧٣٧) من طريق هشام بن حجير به.\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٧٠). وأخرجه أبو يوسف في الخراج ص ١٨٢ عن ليث به.\n(^٥) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٦٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧٠٣) عن ابن إدريس به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٠٧ من طريق ابن طاوس به. وهو عند ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧٠٤) من طريق سفيان موقوفًا.","vol":"12","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2628>بابُ إقطاعِ المَواتِ</span>\n\n١١٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: دَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الأنصارَ ليُقطِعَ لَهُمُ البحرَينِ فقالوا: لا، حَتَّى تُقطِعَ لإخوانِنا مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ مِثلَ الَّذِى تُقطِعُنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أما إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ بَعدِى أثَرَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حربٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ ابنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وائلٍ الحَضرَمِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه (^٣)، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أقطَعَه أرضًا لا أعلمُه إلَّا (^٤) قال: بحَضرَمَوتَ (^٥).\n\n١١٩٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٢٧٦) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (١٢٠٨٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتى في (١١٩١٦، ٢٠٤٦٢، ٢٠٤٦٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٧٦).\n(^٣) هو الصحابى وائل بن حجر.\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٦، م: \"ما\".\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١١١٠)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٣٨١)، وقال: حسن. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٥٨) من طريق شعبة به. وأيضًا (٣٠٥٩) من طريق علقمة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣١).","vol":"12","page":205},{"text":"حدثنا حَجّاجٌ الأعوَرُ، أخبرَنِى شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أقطَعَه أرضًا. قال: فأرسَلَ مَعِى مُعاويَةَ أن: \"أعطِها إيّاه\". أو قال: \"أَعلِمْها إيّاه\". قال: فقالَ لِى مُعاويَةُ: أردِفْنِى خَلفَكَ. فقُلتُ: لا تكُنْ مِن أردافِ المُلوكِ. قال: فقالَ: أعطِنِى نَعلَيكَ (^١). فقُلتُ: انتَعِلْ ظِلَّ النّاقَةِ. قال: ولَمّا استُخلِفَ مُعاويَةُ أتَيتُه، فأقعَدَنِى مَعَه على السَّريرِ. قال: فذَكَّرَنِى الحديثَ. قال سِماكٌ: قال وائلٌ: ودِدتُ أنِّى كُنتُ حَمَلتُه بَينَ يَدَىَّ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ (^٣) قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ البَزّازُ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ وهو الخَيّاطُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أقطَعَ الزُّبَيرَ حُضرَ (^٤) فرَسِه، فأجرَى الفَرَسَ حَتَّى قامَ، ثُمَّ رَمَى سَوطَه فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أعطوه حَيثُ بَلَغَ السَّوطُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: نعلك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٣٩)، وابن حبان (٧٢٠٥) من طريق حجاج به. والترمذى (١٣٨١) من طريق شعبة به. دون قوله: فقال لى معاوية.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عمر بن\".\n(^٤) الحضر: العَدْو. النهاية ١/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٥) أحمد (٦٤٥٨)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٠٧٢). وعند أحمد: حضر فرسه بأرض يقال لها: ثرير -وهو موضع من الحجاز كان به مال لابن الزبير. النهاية ١/ ٦٠٠. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٣).","vol":"12","page":206},{"text":"١١٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ أبو خالِدٍ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا [مُحرِزُ ابنُ وَزَرٍ] (^١)، عن أبيه وَزَرٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه عِمرانَ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه شُعَيبٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه عاصِمٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه حُصَينِ بنِ مُشَمِّتٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّه وفدَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وبايَعَه بَيعَةَ الإسلامِ، وصَدَّقَ إلَيه مالَه، وأقطَعَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مياهًا عِدَّةً فسَمّاهُنَّ، إلَّا أن شَيخَنا لَم يَضبِطْ أسامِى تِلكَ المَواضِعِ، قال: وشَرَطَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لابنِ مُشَمِّتٍ فيما أقطَعَه إيّاه، ألَّا يُباحَ (^٢) ماؤُه، ولا يُعقَرَ مَرعاه، ولا يُعضَدَ شَجَرُه (^٣).\n\n١١٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أن أبا بكرٍ أقطَعَ الزُّبَيرَ ما بَينَ الجُرْفِ إلَى قَناةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"محرر بن وزد\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ. وفى الكفاية والمعرفة والآحاد: \"يباع\". وعند الطبرانى: \"أن لا يبيع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه تمام بن محمد الدمشقى في مسند المقلين (١٠)، والدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٣٥٧، ١٣٥٨، والخطيب في الكفاية ص ١٨٣، ١٨٤ من طريق عبد العزيز بن معاوية به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢، وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٢١٠)، والطبرانى (٣٥٥٥)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢٢٢٣) من طريق محرز بن وزر. وعندهم ذكر اسم المياه.\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم (٢٤٣)، ومن طريقه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٤٦). وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٠٤، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٠) من طريق هشام به. وعند ابن سعد وابن أبى شيبة: أقطعه الجرف.","vol":"12","page":207},{"text":"١١٩١١ - قال يَحيَى: وقالَ الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ: سَمِعتُ جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: أعطَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَليًّا بَينَ قَيسٍ والشَّجَرَةِ (^١).\n\n١١٩١٢ - قال: وقال الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحَسَنِ يقولُ: إنَّ عَليًّا سألَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، فأقطَعَه يَنبُعَ (^٢).\n\n١١٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: كان بالبَصرَةِ رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: نافِعٌ أبو عبدِ اللهِ. فأتَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّ بالبَصرَةِ أرضًا لَيسَت مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ ولا تَضُرُّ بأحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. وكَتَبَ إلَيه أبو موسَى يُعلِمُه بذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أبى موسَى: إن كانَت لَيسَت تَضُرُّ بأحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ولَيسَت مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ، فأقطِعْها إيّاه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٤٥)، ومن طريقه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٥٣)، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٧) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به. وعندهما: العقيرين. وفى الفتوح: الفقيرين، وبئر قيس والشجرة.\n(^٢) ينبع: هو وادى ينبع النخل، وهو واد فحل كثير العيون والقرى والنخيل، يتعلق رأسه عند بواط على قرابة (٧٠) كيلا من المدينة غربا. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوة ص ٣٤١.\nوالحديث في الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٤٤). وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٢٠١٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٤٩) ومن طريقه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٨٦٦). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٨٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٥) عن أبى معاوية به.","vol":"12","page":208},{"text":"١١٩١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِىِّ قال: قَرأتُ كِتابَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ إلَى أبى موسَى: إنّ أبا عبدِ اللهِ سألَنِى أرضًا على شاطِئ دِجلَةَ تَختَلِى (^١) فيها خَيلُه، فإِن كانَت لَيسَت مِن أرضِ الجِزيَةِ ولا يُجرَى إلَيها ماءُ الجِزيَةِ، فأعطِها إيّاه (^٢).\n\n١١٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ أقطَعَ خَمسَةً مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ الزُّبَيرَ وسَعدَ بنَ مالكٍ وابنَ مَسعودٍ وخَبّابًا وأُسامَةَ ابنَ زَيدٍ، فرأيتُ جارَىَّ سَعدًا وابنَ مَسعودٍ يُعطيانِ أرضَيهِما بالثُّلُثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2629>بابُ كِتابَةِ القَطائعِ</span>\n\n١١٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يفتلى\". وتختلى: تأكل الخلاة وهو نبت الأرض. ينظر التاج ٣٨/ ١٧ (خ ل ى).\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٤٦). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٩٠)، والبلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٨٦٦) من طريق عباد بن العوام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ١٠٢٠، والبلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٦٩٣) من طريق أبو عوانة به. وأخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٤٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٤٤٧٠)، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٩١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١١٤ من طريق إبراهيم بن مهاجر به.","vol":"12","page":209},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الشَّهيدُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: دَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الأنصارَ ليَكتُبَ لَهُم إلَى البحرَينِ فقالوا: لا واللهِ، حَتَّى تكتُبَ لإخوانِنا مِن قُرَيشٍ بمِثلِها. فقالَ: \"لَهُم ذَلِكَ ما شاءَ اللهُ\". كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَقولونَ ذاكَ، قال: \"فإِنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ بَعدِى أثَرَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢)، ورَواه بَعضُهُم عن يَحيَى فقالَ في الحديثِ: أقطَعَ الأنصارَ البحرَينِ، وأرادَ أن يَكتُبَ لَهُم بها كِتابًا (^٣).\n\n١١٩١٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىٌّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبوأوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أقطَعَ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزَنِىَّ مَعادِنَ القَبَليَّةِ؛ جَلْسيَّها وغَوْرِيَّها (^٤) وحَيثُ يَصلُحُ الزَّرعُ مِن قُدْسَ (^٥)، ولَم يُعطِه حَقَّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٩٠٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٦٣).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (٢٠٤٦٣).\n(^٤) القبلية: موضع بين نخلة والمدينة من ساحل البحر. والجَلْس: ما ارتفع من الأرض. والغور: ما انخفض منها. النهاية ١/ ٨٦، ٣/ ٣٩٣، ٤/ ١٠.\n(^٥) ضبطها في الأصل، ز: \"قَدَس\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قُدْس\". وقُدْس: جبل معروف قرب المدينة، وقيل: هو الموضع المرتفع الذى يصلح للزراعة، أما قَدَس: فموضع بالشام. النهاية ٤/ ٢٤.","vol":"12","page":210},{"text":"مُسلِمٍ، وكَتَبَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، هذا ما أعطَى محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ، أعطاه مَعادِنَ القَبَليَّةَ، جَلْسيَّها وغَوريَّها وحَيثُ يَصلُحُ الزَّرعُ مِن قُدْسَ، ولَم يُعطِه حَقَّ مُسلِمٍ\" (^١).\n\n١١٩١٨ - وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو أوَيسٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢) مَولَى بَنِى الدِّيلِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ كِنانَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n١١٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مُقَدَّمٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلتُ على مُعاويَةَ فقالَ لِى: ما فعَلَ المَسلولُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: هو عِندِى. فقالَ: أنا واللَّهِ خَطَطتُه بيَدِى: أقطَعَ أبو بكرٍ الزُّبَيرَ أرضًا. فكُنتُ أكتُبُها. قال: فجاءَ عُمَرُ، فأخَذَ أبو بكرٍ يَعنِى الكِتابَ فأدخَلَه في ثِني الفِراشِ، فدَخَلَ عُمَرُ فقالَ: كأنَّكُم على حاجَةٍ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: نَعَم. فخَرَجَ، فأخرَجَ أبو بكرٍ الكِتابَ فأتمَمتُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2630>بابٌ: سَواءٌ كُلُّ مَواتٍ لا مالكَ له أينَ كانَ</span>\n\n١١٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٨٥)، وأبو داود (٣٠٦٢) من طريق حسين بن محمد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٢).\n(^٢) في س، ز: \"يزيد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٨٦)، وأبو داود عقب (٣٠٦٢) من طريق حسين ابن محمد به. وسيأتى في (١١٩٦٣).","vol":"12","page":211},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ (^١) بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ (^٢)، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، أخبرَنا فِطرُ بنُ خَليفَةَ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ حُرَيثٍ قال: انطَلَقَ بى أبى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا غُلامٌ شابٌّ، فدَعا لِى بالبَرَكَةِ، ومَسَحَ رأسِى، وخَطَّ لِى دارًا بالمَدينَةِ بقَوسٍ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا أزيدُكَ؟ (^٣) \".\n\n١١٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ، أقطَعَ النّاسَ الدُّورَ، فقالَ له حَىٌّ مِن بَنِى زُهرَةَ، يُقالُ لَهُم: بَنو عبدِ بنِ زُهرَةَ: نكِّبْ (^٤) عَنّا ابنَ أُمِّ عبدٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فلِمَ ابتَعَثَنِى اللهُ إذن؟ إنَّ الله لا يُقَدِّسُ أُمَّةً لا يُؤخَذُ لِلضَّعيفِ فيهِم حَقُّه\" (^٥).\n\n١١٩٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ (^٦) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، أن\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"عروبة\"، وفى ص ٥: \"عزرة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٦٠) من طريق فطر به. وفيه بلفظ: أزيدك، بدون \"ألا\": فيحتمل أنه استفهام أي أيكفيك. . . أم أزيدك، ويحتمل أنه خبر بمعنى: قد زدتك. . . . عون المعبود ٣/ ١٣٨. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٦٧).\n(^٤) نكب عنا: أى؛ نحِّه عنا. النهاية ٥/ ١١٢.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣٨)، وفى الصغرى (٢١٦٠)، والشافعى ٤/ ٤٥. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٥٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلف على قوله: وأبو بكر قالا، وكتب: قال\".","vol":"12","page":212},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أقطَعَ الزُّبَيرَ أرضًا، وأن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أقطَعَ العَقيقَ أجمَعَ، وقالَ: أينَ المُستَقطِعونَ (^١)؛ قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والعَقيقُ قَريبٌ مِنَ المَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أقطَعَ الزُّبَيرَ، وأن أبا بكرٍ أقطَعَ، وأن عُمَرَ أقطَعَ النّاسَ العَقيقَ (^٣).\n\n١١٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ قالَت: كُنتُ (^٤) أنقُلُ النَّوَى مِن أرضِ الزُّبَيرِ التى أقطَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على رأسِى، وهِى مِنِّى على ثُلثَى فرسَخٍ (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"المستطيعون\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٣٩)، والشافعي ٤/ ٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٠٤، وعنه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٧٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٠) من طريق هشام به. وعندهم أن الذى أقطعوه هو الزبير وحده.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فكنت\".\n(^٥) الفرسخ: ثلاثة أميال، والميل أربعة آلاف ذراع. ويقدر الآن بما يساوى ١٦٠٩ من الأمتار للميل البرى، وبما يساوى ١٨٥٢ من الأمتار للبحرى. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٤/ ١٦٥، والوسيط ٢/ ٩٣٠ (م ى ل).\nوالحديث عند أحمد (٢٦٩٣٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧٠)، وابن حبان (٤٥٠٠) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وسيأتى مطولًا (١٤٨٣٣).\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٢٢٤)، ومسلم (٢١٨٢/ ٣٤).","vol":"12","page":213},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2631>بابُ ما جاءِ في الحِمَى</span>\n\n١١٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ وعُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ولِرسولِه\". قال: وبَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَمَى النَّقيعَ، وأن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ حَمَى الشَّرَفَ والرَّبَذَةَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عُبَيدٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n١١٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ولِرسولِه\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وقَد كان لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب حِمًى بَلَغَنِى أنَّه كان يَحميه لإِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٦٦)، وأبو داود (٣٠٨٣) من طريق يونس به. وليس عند أحمد قول الزهرى، وعند أبى داود ذكر النقيع فقط. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٨٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٧٥)، وابن حبان (١٣٧) من طريق الزهرى به، وليس عندهم قول الزهرى. وسيأتى في (١٣٥٠١).\nوالربذة: من ترى المدينة على ثلاثة أيام قريبة من ذات عرق على طريق الحجاز. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٢٤.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٧٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٠)، وعنه أحمد (١٦٤٢٥) وليس عند أحمد قول الزهرى.","vol":"12","page":214},{"text":"١١٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوْنٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ ماهانَ الخَرّازُ (^١) بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَمَى النَّقيعَ وقالَ: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ولِرسولِه\" (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: هذا وهمٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: لأنَّ قَولَه: حَمَى النَّقيعَ. مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ أبى الزِّناد عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٤).\n\n١١٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - حَمَى النَّقيعَ لِخَيلِ المُسلِمينَ تَرعَى فيهِ (^٥).\n\n١١٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحرانى\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٦١، وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٨٤) عن سعيد بن منصور به.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٩ من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٥٥ عن القعنبى به. وتقدم في (١٠٠٧٤).","vol":"12","page":215},{"text":"ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ استَعمَلَ مَولًى له يُدعَى هُنَيًّا على الحِمَى فقالَ له: يا هُنَىُّ اضمُمْ جَناحَكَ عن المُسلِمينَ، واتَّقِ دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ، فإِنَّ دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ مُجابَةٌ، وأدخِلْ رَبَّ الصُّرَيمَةِ (^١) والغُنَيمَةِ، وإيّاى ونَعَمَ ابنِ عَفّانَ ونَعَمَ ابنِ عَوفٍ، فإِنَّهُما إن تَهلِكْ ماشيَتُهُما، يَرجِعانِ إلَى نَخلٍ وزَرعٍ، وإِنَّ رَبَّ الصُّرَيمَةِ والغُنَيمَةِ إن تَهلِكْ ماشيَتُهُما يأتينِى ببَيِّنةٍ (^٢) فيَقولُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. أفَتارِكُهُم أنا؟ لا أبا لَكَ! فالماءُ والكَلأُ أيسَرُ علىَّ (^٣) مِنَ الذَّهَبِ والوَرِقِ، وايمُ اللَّهِ، إنَّهُم يَرَونَ أنِّى قَد ظَلَمتُهُم، إنَّها لَبِلادُهُم قاتَلوا عَلَيها في الجاهِليَّةِ وأسلَموا عَلَيها في الإسلامِ، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَولا المالُ الَّذِى أحمِلُ عَلَيه في سَبيلِ اللهِ ما حَمَيتُ على النّاسِ في بلادِهِم شِبرًا (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n١١٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحيرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا أبو نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ مَولَى أبى أَسِيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الصريمة: تصير الصِّرمة؛ وهى القطيع من الإبل والغنم، قيل: هى من العشرين إلى الثلاثين والأربعين. النهاية ٣/ ٢٧. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٢.\n(^٢) في م: \"ببيته\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بيتيمته\".\n(^٣) في النسخ إلا ص: \"عليك\". والمثبت موافق لما في الموطأ.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ١٠٠٣، ومن طريقه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٨٣٩، ٨٤٠.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٠٥٩).","vol":"12","page":216},{"text":"الأنصارِىِّ قال: سَمِعَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - أن وفدَ أهلِ مِصرَ قَد أقبَلوا فاستَقبَلَهُم، فلَمّا سَمِعوا به أقبَلوا نَحوَه. قال: وكَرِهَ أن يَقدَموا عَلَيه المَدينَةَ، فأتَوه فقالوا له: ادعُ بالمُصحَفِ، وافتَتَحِ (^١) السّابِعَةَ. وكانوا يُسَمّونَ سورَةَ \"يونُسَ\" السّابِعَةَ، فقَرأها حَتَّى أتَى على هذه الآيةِ: ﴿قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَجَعَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ حَرَامًا وَحَلَالًا قُلْ آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ أَمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَفْتَرُونَ﴾ [يونس: ٥٩] قالوا له: قِفْ، أرأيتَ ما حَمَيتَ مِنَ الحِمَى، آللهُ أذِنَ لَكَ أم على اللَّهِ تَفتَرِى؟ فقالَ: امضِه، نَزَلَت في كَذا وكَذا، فأمّا الحِمَى فإِنَّ عُمَرَ حَمَى الحِمَى قَبلِى لإِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فلَمّا وُلِّيتُ زادَت إبِلُ الصَّدَقَةِ، فزِدتُ في الحِمَى لِما زادَ في الصَّدَقَةِ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى يَعفورٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: اشتَرَيتُ إبِلًا وارتَجَعتُها (^٣) إلَى الحِمَى، فلَمّا سَمِنَت قَدِمتُ بها. قال: فدَخَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ السّوقَ، فرأى إبِلًا سِمانًا فقالَ: لِمَن هذه الإِبِلُ؟ قيلَ: لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ. قال: فجَعَلَ يقولُ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، بَخٍ بَخٍ ابنَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: فجِئتُه أسعَى فقُلتُ: ما لَكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: ما هذه الإِبِلُ؟\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"افتح\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩١٩) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٣) في م: \"وأنجعتها\".","vol":"12","page":217},{"text":"قال: قُلتُ: إبِلٌ أنضاءٌ (^١) اشتَرَيتُها وبَعَثتُ بها إلَى الحِمَى أبتَغِى ما يَبتَغِى المُسلِمونَ. قال: فقالَ: ارعوا إبِلَ ابنِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، \"اسقوا إبِلَ ابنِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، اغدُ على رأسِ مالِكَ، واجعَلْ باقيَه في بَيتِ مالِ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\nهذا الأثَرُ يَدُلُّ على أن غَيرَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - لَيسَ له أن يَحمِى لِنَفسِه، وفيه وفيما قبلَه دَلالَةٌ على أن قَولَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ورسولِه\". أرادَ به: لا (^٣) حِمَى إلَّا على مِثلِ ما حَمَى عَلَيه رسولُه في صَلاحِ المُسلِمينَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2632>بابُ ما يَكونُ إحياءً وما يُرجَى فيه مِنَ الأجرِ</span>\n\n١١٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن عَمَرَ أرضًا لَيسَت لأحَدٍ فهو أحَقُّ بها\". قال عُروَةُ: قَضَى بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ في خِلافَتِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥: \"أيضاء\". وأنضاء جمع نضو؛ وهى الناقة المهزولة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٤١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٤/ ٣٢٦ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أن لا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٥٩) من طريق ابن بكير به. وتقدم في (١١٨٨٩).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٣٣٥).","vol":"12","page":218},{"text":"١١٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحيا مَواتًا مِنَ الأرضِ فهو أحَقُّ به، ولَيسَ لِعِرقٍ ظالِمٍ حَقٌّ\" (^١).\n\n١١٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحيا أرضًا مَيتَةً فلَه فيها أجرٌ، وما أَكَلَتِ العافيَةُ (^٢) فهو له صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٩٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه. زادَ: \"مِنها فهو له صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٨٩٥).\n(^٢) العافية: كل طالبٍ رزقًا من إنسان أو دابة أو طائر أو غير ذلك. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٤٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٥٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥٢٠٢، ٥٢٠٣) من طريق هشام به. وعند ابن حبان: عبد الله ابن عبد الرحمن.","vol":"12","page":219},{"text":"١١٩٣٦ - ورَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن جابِرٍ. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فهِى له\" (^١).\n\n١١٩٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ عن هِشامٍ، زادَ: يَعنِى الطَّيرَ والسِّباعَ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أحاطَ حائطًا على أرضٍ فهِى له\" (^٣).\n\n١١٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النّاجِىِّ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٨١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٣٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٠٤) من طريق حماد به. دون قوله: يعنى الطير والسباع.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٤٨). وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٨٩٦).","vol":"12","page":220},{"text":"الشِّعابِ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أحَطتُم عَلَيه وأعلَمتُموه (^١) فهوُ لَكُم، وما لَم يُحَطْ عَلَيه فهو للهِ ولِرسولِه\" (^٢)\n\n١١٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: كان النّاسُ يَتَحَجَّرونَ (^٣) على عَهدِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: مَن أحيا أرضًا فهِى له. زادَ مالكٌ: مَواتًا. قال يَحيَى: كأنَّه لَم يَجعَلْها له بالتَّحْجيرِ (^٤) حَتَّى يُحييَها (^٥).\n\n١١٩٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن عُمَرَ جَعَلَ التَّحجيرَ ثلاثَ سِنينَ، فإِن تَرَكَها حَتَّى تَمضِى ثَلاثُ سِنينَ فأحياها غَيرُه، فهو أحَقُّ بها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦٤٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"يحجرون\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بالتحجر\".\n(^٥) مالك برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، والليثى ٢/ ٧٤٤ دون قوله: كان الناس يتحجرون.\nوالخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٨٦). وأخرجه الشافعي ٤/ ٤٥، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٧٠ من طريق مالك به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٦٩٧) عن سفيان به.\n(^٦) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٨٨).","vol":"12","page":221},{"text":"١١٩٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ الأزرَقِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ نَضلَةَ، أن أبا سُفيانَ ابنَ حَربٍ قامَ بفِناءِ دارِه، فضَرَبَ برِجلِه وقالَ: سَنامُ الأرضِ (^١)، إنَّ لَها سَنامًا، زَعَمَ ابنُ فرقَدٍ الأسلَمِىُّ أنِّى لا أعرِفُ حَقِّى مِن حَقِّه؛ لِى بَياضُ المَروَةِ ولَه سَوادُها، ولِى ما بَينَ كَذا إلَى كَذا. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فقالَ: لَيسَ لأحَدٍ إلَّا ما أحاطَت عَلَيه جُدُراتُه (^٢). إنَّ إحياءَ المَواتِ ما يَكونُ زَرعًا أو حَفرًا أو يُحاطُ بالجُدراتِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَولُه: إنَّ إحياءَ المَواتِ إلَى آخِرِه. أظُنُّه مِن قَولِ الشّافِعِىِّ، فقَد رَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحَسَنِ دونَه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١١٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن حُكَيمِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ (^٤) قال: قَرأتُ كِتابَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ إلَى أبى: أن أجِزْ لَهُم ما أحيَوا ببُنيانٍ أو حَرثٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سنام الأرض: نحرها ووسطها. اللسان (س ن م).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٥، م: \"الجدران\" والجدرات: جمع جُدُر جمع جدار. عمدة القارى ١٠/ ١٩١.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٥، م: \"بالجدران\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٥٠)، والشافعى ٤/ ٤٥، ٤٦. وأخرجه الأزرقى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ٢٣٧ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن حسن به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"زريق\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"بخطه: رزيق\".\n(^٥) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٩٢). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٧١٧) من طريق ابن المبارك مطولًا.","vol":"12","page":222},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2633>بابُ مَن أُقطِعَ قَطيعَةً أو تَحَجَّرَ أرضًا ثُمَّ لَم يَعمُرْها أو لَم يَعمُرْ بَعضَها</span>\n\n١١٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ بلالِ ابنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أخَذَ مِنَ المَعادِنِ القَبَيَّةِ الصَّدَقَةَ، وأنَّه أقطَعَ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ العَقيقَ أجمَعَ، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ قال لِبِلالٍ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يُقطِعْكَ لِتَحجُرَه (^١) عن النّاسِ، لَم يُقطِعْكَ إلَّا لِتَعمَلَ. قال: فأقطَعَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ لِلنّاسِ العَقيقَ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قال: جاءَ بلالُ بنُ الحارِثِ المُزَنِىُّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاستَقطَعَه أرضًا، فقَطَعَها له طَويلَةً عَريضةً، فلَمّا ولى عُمَرُ قال له: يا بلالُ، إنَّكَ استَقطَعتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أرضًا عريضةً طويلةً قطعَهَا لَكَ، وِإنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَكُنْ يَمنَعُ شَيئًا يُسألُه، وإِنَّكَ لا تُطيقُ ما في يَدَيكَ. فقالَ: أجَل. قال: فانظُرْ ما قَويتَ عَلَيه مِنها فأمسِكْه، وما لَم تُطِقْ فادفَعْه إلَينا نَقسِمُه بَينَ المُسلِمينَ. فقالَ: لا أفعَلُ واللهِ، شَيءٌ أقطَعَنيه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لنحرزه\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٧١٢).","vol":"12","page":223},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ عُمَرُ: واللهِ لَتَفعَلَنَّ. فأخَذَ مِنه ما عَجَزَ عن عِمارَتِه، فقَسَمَه بَينَ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١١٩٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: قَطَعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - العَقيق رَجُلًا واحِدًا، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ كَثُرَ عَلَيه فأعطاه بَعضَه، وقَطَعَ سائرَه النّاسَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2634>بابُ مَن أُقطِعَ قَطيعَةً فباعَها</span>\n\n١١٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سَبرَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ الجُهَنىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَزَلَ في مَوضِعِ المَسجِدِ تَحتَ دومَةٍ، فأقامَ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى تَبوكَ، وأنَّ جُهَينَةَ لَحِقوه بالرَّحْبَةِ (^٣)، فقالَ لَهُم: \"مَن أهل ذِى المَروَةِ؟ \". فقالوا: بَنو رِفاعَةَ مِن جُهَينَةَ. فقالَ: \"قَد أقطَعتُها لِبَنِى رِفاعَةَ\". فاقتَسَموها، فمِنهُم مَن باعَ ومِنهُم مَن أمسَكَ فعَمِلَ، ثُمَّ سألتُ أباه عبدَ العَزيزِ عن هذا الحديث، فحَدَّثَنِى ببَعضِه ولَم يُحَدِّثْنى به كُلِّهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٩٤) ومن طريقه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٥٠، ١٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٦١)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٥٣). وأخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٥١ من طريق معمر. وفيه أن الرجل بلال - ﵁ -، وأنه أقطعها أقرباءه.\n(^٣) في الأصل، ز: \"الرخيّة\". والرحبة: المكان الواسع.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٠٦٨). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٦).","vol":"12","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2635>بابُ ما لا يَجوزُ إقطاعُه مِنَ المَعادِنِ الظّاهِرَةِ</span>\n\n١١٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ قَيسٍ المأْرِبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ العَسقَلانِىُّ -المَعنَى واحِدٌ - أن محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ قَيسٍ المأرِبِىَّ، حَدَّثَهُم قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ شَراحيلَ، عن سُمَىِّ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن شُمَيرٍ -قال ابنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ: ابنِ عبدِ المَدانِ- عن أبيَضَ بنِ حَمّالٍ أنَّه وفدَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فاستَقطَعَه المِلحَ -قال ابنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ: الَّذِى بمأرِبَ- فقَطَعَه له، فلَمّا أن ولَّى قال رَجُلٌ مِنَ المَجلِسِ: أتَدرِى ما قَطَعتَ له؟ إنَّما قَطَعتَ له الماءَ العِدَّ. قال: فانتَزَعَ مِنه. قال: وسألتُه عَمّا يُحمَى مِنَ الأراكِ، قال: \"ما لَم تنَلْه خِفافُ -وقالَ ابنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ: أخفافُ- الإِبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١١٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَن بن علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ قَيسٍ المأرِبِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبيَضَ بنِ حَمّالٍ أنَّه استَقطَعَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - المِلحَ الَّذِى بمأرِبَ، فأرادَ أن يُقطِعَه إيّاه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إنَّه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٦٤)، وفى المعرفة (٣٧٥٣)، وأبو داود (٣٠٦٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٨٠) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٦٨)، وابن حبان (٤٤٩٩) من طريق محمد بن يحيى بن قيس به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٤).","vol":"12","page":225},{"text":"كالماءِ العِدِّ. فأبَى أن يُقطِعَه (^١). قال الأصمَعِىُّ: الماءُ العِدُّ: الدّائمُ الَّذِى لا انقِطاعَ له، وهو مِثلُ ماءِ العَينِ وماءِ البِئرِ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا كَهمَسٌ، عن سَيّارِ ابنِ مَنظورٍ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنى فزارَةَ، عن أبيه، عن امرأةٍ يُقالُ لَها: بُهَيسَةُ. عن أبيها قالَت (^٣): استأذَنَ أبى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فدَخَلَ بَينَه وبَينَ قَميصِه، فجَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُ ويَلتَزِمُ، ثُمَّ قال: يا نَبِىَّ الله، ما الشَّئُ الَّذِى لا يَحِلُّ مَنعُهُ؟ قال: \"الماءُ\". قال: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، ما الشَّئُ الَّذِى لا يَحِلُّ مَنعُهُ\" قال: \"المِلحُ\". قال: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، ما الشَّئُ الَّذِى لا يَحِلُّ مَنعُهُ؟ قال: \"أن تَفعَلَ الخَيرَ خَيرٌ لَكَ\" (^٤).\n\n١١٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ -المَعنَى واحِدٌ - قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَسّانَ العَنبَرِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنى جَدَّتاى صَفيَّةُ ودُحَيبَةُ ابنَتا عُلَيبَةَ، وكانَتا رَبيبَتَى قَيْلَةَ بنتِ مَخرَمَةَ (^٥) وكانَت جَدَّةَ أبيهِما، أنَّها أخبَرَتهُما\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٤٦)، ومن طريقه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٢٢٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٨) عن ابن مبارك به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٦٤) من طريق ابن المبارك.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٢١ عن الأصمعى به.\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"قال\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٦٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٤٥ - ١٥٩٤٧) من طريق كهمس به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٦٦).\n(^٥) في ز: \"مخزومة\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ٢٧٥. والإصابة ١٤/ ١٣٨.","vol":"12","page":226},{"text":"قالَت: قَدِمنا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قالَت: فقَدِمَ صاحِبِى -تَعنِى حُرَيثَ بنَ حَسّانَ وافِدَ بَنِى بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ- فبايَعَه على الإِسلامِ عَلَيه وعَلَى قَومِه، ثُمَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اكتُبْ بَينَنا وبَينَ بَنِى تَميمٍ بالدَّهناءِ، ألَّا يُجاوِزَها إلَينا مِنهُم (^١) إلَّا مُسافِرٌ أو مُجاوِرٌ (^٢). فقالَ: \"اكتُبْ له يا غُلامُ بالدَّهناءِ\". فلَمّا رأيتُه قَد أمَرَ له بها شُخِصَ بى، وهِى وطَنى ودارِى، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه لَم يَسألْكَ السَّويَّةَ مِنَ الأرضِ إذ سألَكَ، إنَّما هى هَذَه الدَّهناءُ عِندَكَ مُقَيَّدُ (^٣) الجَمَلِ ومَرعَى الغَنَمِ، ونِساءُ بَنى تَميمٍ وأبناؤُها وراءَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: \"أمسِكْ يا غُلامُ، صَدَقَتِ المِسكينَةُ، المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ، يَسَعُهُما الماءُ والشَّجَرُ ويَتَعاوَنانِ على الفَتّانِ\" (^٤).\n\n١١٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا حَريزُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن حِئانَ بنِ زَيدٍ الشَّرعَبِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَرَنٍ (ح) قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا حَريزُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو خِداشٍ، وهَذا لَفظُ مُسَدَّدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"صح\"، وفى الحاشية: \"أحد\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، س: \"مجاوز\".\n(^٣) مقيد الجمل: على صيغة المفعول: مرعاه. فالجمل يقيد في مرتعه حتى يسمن. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخط الشيخ المؤلف: حاشية الفتان: الشيطان\". والحديث عند أبى داود (٣٠٧٠). وفيه: تقدم. بدلًا من: فقدم. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧١).","vol":"12","page":227},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثَلاثًا، أسمَعُه يقولُ: \"المُسلِمونَ شُرَكاءُ في ثَلاثٍ؛ الماءِ والكَلإِ والنّارِ\" (^١). أبو خِداشٍ هو حِبّانُ بنُ زَيدٍ الشَّرعَبِىُّ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن حَريزٍ. وقالَ يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ (^٢): حَبّانُ بنُ زَيدٍ. بالفَتحِ.\n\n١١٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُسلِمونَ شُرَكاءُ في الكَلإِ والماءِ والنّارِ\" (^٣). أرسَلَه الثَّورِىُّ عن ثَورٍ؛ وإِنَّما أخَذَه ثَورٌ عن حَريزٍ.\n\n١١٩٥٤ - أخبَرَنيه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ البُزارِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ الغازِى، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِى القَطّانَ، حدثنا ثَورٌ، عن حَريزٍ، عن أبى خِداشٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثلاثَ غَزَواتٍ (^٥) فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"المُسلِمونَ شُرَكاءُ في ثَلاثٍ؛ في الماءِ والكَلإِ والنّارِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣٤٧٧).\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل، س: \"بن\".\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣١٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٥: \"البثرارى\"، وفى م: \" البزاز\". ورسم في الأصل بالزاى الفارسية المنقوطة بثلاث نقاط من فوق. وتقدم في (٣٩٣٩).\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: سبع غزوات أو ثلاث غزوات\". وأثبتها في: م.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٨٢) من طريق ثور به.","vol":"12","page":228},{"text":"١١٩٥٥ - قال: وسَمِعتُ أبا حَفصٍ يقولُ: وسألتُ عنه مُعاذًا، فحَدَّثَنِى قال: حَدَّثَنِى حَريزُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ زَيدٍ الشَّرعَبِىُّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال أبو حَفصٍ: ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، فحَدَّثَنا به أظُنُّه عن حَريزٍ، حدثنا حَبّانَ بنُ زَيدٍ الشَّرعَبِىُّ. يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وحدَه يقولُ: حَبّانُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2636>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَقاعِدِ الأسواقِ وغَيِرها</span>\n\n١١٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُقيمُ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِن مَجلِسِه ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ فيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n١١٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُندارِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٤٧). وأخرجه ابن عدى ٢/ ٨٥٧، والدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف ١/ ٤١٤، ٤١٥ من طريق أبى حفص به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٨٤، ٨٥ عن معاذ ويزيد. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٧٢٩) عن يزيد. وفى المصادر: حيان، وفى الأموال: حَبان أو حيان.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٨٧٥). وينظر ما تقدم في (٥٩٦٠ - ٥٩٦٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٦٩).","vol":"12","page":229},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى الهَيثَمِ، حَدَّثَنِى الأصبَغُ بنُ نُباتَةَ المُجاشِعِىُّ، أن عَليًّا خَرَجَ إلَى السّوقِ، فإِذا دَكاكينُ قَد بُنيَت بالسّوقِ، فأمَرَ بها فخُرِّبَت فسوّيَت. قال: ومَرَّ بدورِ بَنِى البَكّاءِ فقالَ: هذه مِن سوقِ المُسلِمينَ. قال: فأمَرَهُم أن يَتَحَوَّلوا وهَدَمَها. قال: وقالَ علىٌّ: سَبَقَ إلَى مَكانٍ في السّوقِ فهو أحَقُّ بهِ. قال: فلَقَد رأيتُنا نُبايعُ الرَّجُلَ اليَومَ هاهنا، وغَدًا مِن ناحيَةٍ أُخرَى (^١).\n\n١١٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنِ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ سلمةَ بنِ الجارودِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ الجَرْجَرَائىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ قال: كُنّا في زَمَنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، مَن سَبَقَ إلَى مَكانٍ في السّوقِ فهو أحَقُّ به إلَى اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سَعدٍ الكاتِبِ، عن بلالٍ العَبسِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧١٦)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣٥٧) من طريق يحيى بن أبى الهيثم به.\nوعند ابن أبى شيبة مختصر. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٢٦) من طريق الأصبغ به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٦٦). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٢٧)، وعنه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٧٥٥) من طريق أبى يعفور عن أبيه به.","vol":"12","page":230},{"text":"حِمَى إلَّا في ثَلاثٍ؛ ثَلَّةِ البِئرِ (^١) ومَربِطِ الفَرَسِ وحَلقَةِ القَومِ\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الضَّبِّىُّ، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قامَ الرَّجُلُ مِن مَجلِسِه، ثُمَّ عادَ إلَيه فهو أحَقُّ به\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن مَجلِسِه فجَلَستُ فيه، ثُمَّ عادَ فأقامَنِى أبو صالِحٍ عَنه (^٣).\n\n١١٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرٌ الحَلَبِىُّ، عن تَمّامِ بنِ نَجيحٍ، عن أبى كعبٍ (^٤) الإيادِىِّ قال: كُنتُ أختَلِفُ إلَى أبى الدَّرداءِ فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا جَلَسَ وجَلَسنا حَولَه فقامَ فأرادَ الرُّجوعَ، نَزَعَ نَعلَيه أو بَعضَ ما يَكونُ عَلَيه، فيَعرِفُ ذَلِكَ أصحابُه فيَثبُتونَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: أي مُلْقَى ثلتها وهو التراب الذى يخرج منها والله أعلم\". وكذا جاء في حاشية ز، وفيها: \"قال شيخنا\". وينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٥٢) من طريق سعد به. وسيأتى في (١١٩٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧١٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٢١) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم في (٥٩٦٨).\n(^٤) كذا في الأصل، ز، س. وفى م، ص ٥، ص ٦: \"أبى بن كعب\". وأثبتها في المهذب ٥/ ٢٢٨٧: \"كعب\" وأشار إلى أنه في النسخ: \"أبى كعب\" وهو خطأ. وهو كذلك فهو كعب بن ذهل الإيادى سمع أبا الدرداء. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ١٧٥، وتهذيب التهذيب ٨/ ٣٨٩.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٨٥٤). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٣٣).","vol":"12","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2637>بابُ ما جاءَ في إقطاعِ المَعادِنِ الباطِنَةِ</span>\n\n١١٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أقطَعَ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزَنِىَّ مَعادِنَ القَبَليَّةِ، وهِى مِن ناحيَةِ الفُرْعِ، فتِلكَ المَعادِنُ لا يُؤخَذُ مِنها إلَّا الزَّكاةُ إلَى اليَومِ (^١).\n\n١١٩٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلِىِّ، وعن خالِه موسَى بنِ مَيسَرَةَ مَولَى بَنِى الدِّيلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: أعطَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزَنِىَّ مَعادِنَ القَبَليَّةِ؛ جَلْسِيَّها وغَوْرِيَّها، وحَيثُ يَصلُحُ الزَّرعُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2638>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن مَنعِ فضلِ الماءِ</span>\n\n١١٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٦١)، ومالك ١/ ٣٤٨. وتقدم في (٧٧١١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٩١٨).","vol":"12","page":232},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُمنَعُ فضلُ الماءِ ليُمنَعَ به الكَلأُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١١٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حدثنا يونُسُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الفقيهُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُمنَعُ فضلُ الماءِ ليُمنَعَ به الكَلأُ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ اللَّيثِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَمنَعوا فضلَ الماءِ لِتَمنَعوا به الكَلأَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٧٣) عن أبى نصر به. ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ٣ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٤٤، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٣٥٣)، ومسلم (١٥٦٦/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٧٦٥٦)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠٩١) من طريق الليث به. وأبو عوانة (٥٢٥٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. من حديث سعيد وحده. وتقدم في (١١١٦٨) من حديث أبى سلمة وحده.","vol":"12","page":233},{"text":"أبى الطّاهِرِ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ عن عُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^١).\n\n١١٩٦٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أُراه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ، ولا يَنظُرُ إلَيهِم، ولَهُم عَذابٌ أليمٌ، رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ على مالِ مُسلِمٍ فاقتَطَعَه، ورَجُلٌ حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ بعدَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ أنَّه أُعطِى بسِلعَتِه أكثَرَ مِمّا أُعطِى وهو كاذِبٌ، ورَجُلٌ مَنَعَ فضلَ ماءٍ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷾ يقولُ: اليَومَ أمنَعُكَ فضلِى كما مَنَعتَ فضلَ ما لَم تَعمَلْ يَداكَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n١١٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الرِّجالِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حارِثَةَ، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَته، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُمنَعُ نَقعُ بئرٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٦٦/ ٣٧)، والبخارى (٢٣٥٤).\n(^٢) في س: \"أبو الحسين\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٦٠)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٧٤٦٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٠٨) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٠٨٩٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٦٩)، ومسلم (١٠٨/ ١٧٤).\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٤٥.","vol":"12","page":234},{"text":"١١٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو الرِّجالِ قال: سَمِعتُ أُمِّى تَقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُمنَعَ نَقعُ بئرٍ (^١). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١١٩٦٩ - وقَد حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى الرِّجالِ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُمنَعَ نَقعُ البِئرِ (^٢). هَكَذا أتَى به مَوصولًا، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مَوصولًا مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى الرِّجالِ عن أبيهِ.\n\n١١٩٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئْ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الرِّجالِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُمنَعُ نَقعُ البِئرِ وهو الرَّهوُ\" (^٣). قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: الرَّهوُ أن تكونُ البِئرُ بَينَ شُرَكاءَ فيها الماءُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١١٢٢) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٩٣) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨١١) من طريق أبى الرجال به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: الرهو هاهنا: مجتمع الماء، والله أعلم\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ٢/ ٦١، ٦٢ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٤١) من طريق ابن أبى الرجال به.","vol":"12","page":235},{"text":"فيَكونُ لِلرَّجُلِ فيها فضلٌ، فلا يَمنَعُ صاحِبَه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبى الرِّجالِ مَوصولًا (^١). ورَواه أيضًا حارِثَةُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ مَوصولًا، إلَّا أن حارِثَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، خدثنا حارِثَةُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يُمنَعُ فضلُ الماءِ ولا نَقعُ البِئرِ\" (^٣). حارِثَةُ هذا ضَعيفٌ.\n\n١١٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وهِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى أهلَ ماءٍ فاستَسقاهُم فلَم يَسقوه حَتَّى ماتَ عَطَشًا، فأغرَمَهُم عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - الدّيَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٨٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٥٥) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٣٨٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٧٩) من طريق حارثة به.\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٥٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٣١٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٥٦) عن الحسن به.","vol":"12","page":236},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2639>بابُ الماءِ والكَلإِ وغَيِر ذَلِكَ يُؤخَذُ مِنَ المَعادِنِ الظّاهِرَةِ، ثُمَّ يُباعُ</span>\n\n١١٩٧٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لأن يأخُذَ أحَدُكُم حَبلَه فيأتِى الجَبَلَ، فيَجِئَ بحُزْمَةٍ مِن حَطَبٍ على ظَهرِه، فيَبيعَها فيَستَغنِى بثَمَنِها، خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَسألَ النّاسَ أعطَوه أو مَنَعوه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ موسَى عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٧٤ - وفِى حَديثِ علىٍّ - ﵁ -: واعَدتُ رَجُلًا أن يَرتَحِلَ مَعِى فنأتِى بإِذخِرٍ أبيعُه مِنَ الصَّوّاغينَ فأستَعينَ به في وليمَةٍ عُرْسِى. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عليُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، أن حُسَينَ بنَ علىٍّ أخبَرَه، أن عَليًّا قال: كانَت لِى شارِفٌ (^٣) مِن نَصيبِى مِنَ المَغنَمِ يَومَ بَدرٍ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أعطانِى شارِفًا مِنَ الخُمسِ يَومَئذٍ، فلَمّا أرَدتُ أن أبتَنِى بفاطِمَةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واعَدتُ رَجُلًا صوّاغًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٩٤١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٠٧٥).\n(^٣) الشارف: الناقة المسنة. الفتح ٤/ ٣١٧.","vol":"12","page":237},{"text":"مِن بَنى قَينُاعَ أن يَرتَحِلَ مَعِى، فنأتِى بإِذخِرٍ أرَدتُ أن أبيعَه الصَّوّاغينَ فأستَعينَ به في وليمَةِ عُرْسِى. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2640>بابُ تَرتيبِ سَقي الزَّرعِ والأشجارِ مِنَ الأوديَةِ المُباحَةِ</span>\n\n١١٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهرانِىُّ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ خاصَمَ الزُّبَيرَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في شِراجِ (^٣) الحَرَّةِ التى يَسقُونَ بها النَّخلَ، فقالَ الأنصارِىُّ: سَرِّحِ الماءَ يَمُرُّ. فأبَى عَلَيه فاختَصَما عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اسقِ يا زُبَيرُ، ثُمَّ أرسِلْ إلَى جارِكَ\". فغَضِبَ الأنصارِىُّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنْ كان ابنَ عَمَّتِكَ؟ فتَلَوَّنَ وجهُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا زُبَيرُ، اسقِ ثُمَّ احبِسِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى الجَدرِ (^٤) \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٩٧٩/. . .) من طريق عبدان به، وأبو داود (٢٩٨٦) من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (١٢٠١)، وابن حبان (٤٥٣٦) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٨٨) مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٩١).\n(^٣) في حاشية ز: \"الشراج مسايل الماء من الجدار إلى السهل، واحدها شريج وشرج، والحرة: حجارة سود بين جبلين وجمعها حِرّ وحرات وحرار\".\n(^٤) في حاشية ز: \"الجدر والجدور والجدار، يريد حد الجدار الذى هو الحائل بين المشارب، وبعضهم يروونه بالذال المعجمة، يريد به مبلغ تمام الشرب، من جذر الحساب، والأول أصح\". وينظر الفتح ٥/ ٣٧.","vol":"12","page":238},{"text":"فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: واللَّهِ إنِّى لأحسِبُ هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت في ذَلِكَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾ (^١) [النساء: ٦٥]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قتيبَةَ ومحمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ، كُلُّهُم عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١١٩٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمان بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: خاصَمَ الزُّبَيرُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ في شَرْجِ (^٤) الحَرَّةِ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اسقِ يا زبَيرُ، ثُمَّ أرسِلْ إلَى جارِكَ\". فقالَ الأنصارِىُّ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وأنْ كان ابنَ عَمَّتِكَ؟! فتَلَوَّنَ وجهُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ قال: \"اسقِ يا زُبَيرُ، ثُمَّ احبِسِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى الجَدْرِ، ثمَّ أرسِلِ الماءَ إلَى جارِكَ\". فقالَ: واستَوعَى (^٥) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِلزُّبَيرِ حَقَّه في صَريحِ الحُكمِ حينَ أحفَظَه الأنصارِىُّ، وكانَ أشارَ عَلَيهِما قبلَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٧٧) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١١٦)، والترمذى (١٣٦٣، ٣٠٢٧)، والنسائي (٥٤٣١)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٨٠) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتى في (٢٠٣١٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٥٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣٥٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"شراج\".\n(^٥) في م: \"واستوعب\". وفى حاشية ز: \"أي استوفى، مأخوذ من الوعاء الذى يجمع فيه الأشياء، كأنه جمعه في وعائه والله أعلم\".","vol":"12","page":239},{"text":"بأمرٍ كان لَهُما فيه سَعَةٌ، قال الزُّبَيرُ: فما أحسِبُ هذه الآيَةَ إلَّا نَزَلَت في ذَلِكَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾. قال: فسَمِعتُ غَيرَ الزُّهرِىِّ يقولُ: نُظرَ في قَولِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"ثُمَّ احبِسِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى الجَدْرِ\" فكانَ ذَلِكَ إلَى الكَعبَينِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ مُختَصَرًا، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ بطولِه (^٢). وفِى آخِرِهِ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فقَدَّرَتِ الأنصارُ والنّاسُ ما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اسقِ، ثُمَّ احبِسْ حَتَّى وَرجِعَ الماءُ إلَى الجَدْرِ\". كان ذَلِكَ إلَى الكَعبَينِ.\n\n١١٩٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال: وقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: إخاذٌ (^٣) بالحَرَّةِ يَحبِسُ الماءَ.\n\n١١٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبى مالكِ ابنِ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن أبيه ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ أبى مالكٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ كُبَراءَهُم يَذكُرونَ أن رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيشٍ كان له سَهمٌ في بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ، فخاصَمَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩) من طريق الزهرى به. وليس عنده: فسمعت غير الزهرى.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٦١، ٢٣٦٢).\n(^٣) الإخاذ: مجتمع الماء شبيه بالغدير. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٦٧.","vol":"12","page":240},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَهزورِ السَّيلِ (^١) الَّذِى يَقتَسِمونَ ماءَه، فقَضى بَينَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن الماءَ إلَى الكَعبَينِ، لا يَحبِسُ الأعلَى عن الأسفَلِ (^٢).\n\n١١٩٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى في السَّيلِ المَهزورِ أن يُمسَكَ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الكَعبَينِ، ثُمَّ يُرسِلَ الأعلَى على الأسفَلِ (^٣).\n\n١١٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موَسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ الأسَدِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قَضَى في مَشرَبِ النَّخلِ مِنَ السَّيلِ أن الأعلَى فالأعلَى يَشرَبُ قبلَ الأسفَلِ، ويُترَكُ فيه الماءُ إلَى الكَعبَينِ، ثُمَّ يُرسَلُ الماءُ إلَى الأسفَلِ الَّذِى يَليه، وكَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَنقَضِى الحَوائطُ (^٤). إِسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى عن عُبادَةَ مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) هو وادى بني قريظة بالحجاز. وقيل: موضع سوق المدينة. معجم ما استعجم ٤/ ١٢٧٥. وينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٣٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٩٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٦٣٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٨٢) عن أحمد بن عبدة به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٩٤): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٨٣) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به.","vol":"12","page":241},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2641>بابُ القَومِ يَختَلِفونَ في سَعَةِ الطَّريقِ الميتاءِ إلى ما أحيَوهُ </span>(^١)\n\n١١٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ الخِرِّيتِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: إنّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى أن الجارَ يَضَعُ جُذوعَه أو خَشَبَه في حائطِ جارِه إن شاءَ وإِن أبى (^٢).\n\n١١٩٨٢ - وسَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى، إن تَنازَعَ النّاسُ في طُرُقِهِم، جُعِلَت سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n١١٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا اختَلَفتُم في الطَّريقِ، جُعِلَ عَرضُه سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أحبوه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢١٨٢). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٧٦ (١١٤٧ - مسند ابن عباس)، وابن عدى ٢/ ٥٥١ من طريق جرير بن حازم به. ليس فيهما: إن شاء وإن أبى.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤١٧) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٦٧) من طريق خالد به. وأحمد (٧١٢٦) من طريق خالد عن يوسف أو عن أبيه به.","vol":"12","page":242},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ (^١)، ورَواه أيضًا بُشَيرُ بنُ كَعبٍ عن أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١١٩٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا المِنهالُ بنُ خَليفَةَ أبو قُدامَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا شَكَكتُم في طَريقٍ، فاجعَلوا سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ تَختَلِفُ فيه الحامِلَتانِ\" (^٣).\n\n١١٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤) في الرَّحبَةِ تكونُ بَينَ الطَّريقِ ثُمَّ يُريدُ أهلُها البِناءَ فيها، فقَضَى أن يُترَكَ للطَّريقِ مِنها سَبعَةُ أذرُعٍ. قال: وكانَت تِلكَ الطَّريقُ تُسَمَّى الميتاءَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦١٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٣٧)، وأبو داود (٣٦٣٣)، والترمذى (١٣٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٨) من طريق بشير به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٤٩١، ١١٤٩٢).\n(^٤) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أنه قضى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٢٧٧٨)، والشاشى (١١٩٩) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به.","vol":"12","page":243},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2642>بابُ النَّخلِ يُغرَسُ في مَواتٍ، أو يَكونُ لِرَجُلٍ نَخلَةً بَيَن ظَهرانَى نَخيلٍ لِغَيِره فاختَلَفا في حَريمِها</span>\n\n١١٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه. قال عبدُ العَزيزِ: لا أعلمُه إلَّا عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ في نَخلَةٍ فقَطَع النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - جَريدَةً مِن جَريدِها، فذَرَعَها فوَجَدَها خَمسًا، فجَعَلَها حَريمَها. قال يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ: وأخبَرَنيه ابنُ أبى طُوالَةَ أنَّه قال: وجَدَها سَبعًا (^١).\n\n١١٩٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبى طُوالَةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ وعَمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه في حَديثِ عمرٍو، فوَجَدَه خَمسَةَ أذرُعٍ، وقالَ أبو طُوالَةَ: سَبعَةَ أذرُعٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى (٧٩). وفيه: عن أبى طوالة. بدلًا من: عن ابن أبى طوالة. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٥٤١)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (١٨٩٨) من طريق عبد العزيز دون قول يحيى بن محمد الأخير.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٤٠) من طريق عبد العزيز دون قول أبى طوالة. وهو في شرح مشكل الآثار للطحاوى (٣٥٤٢) من طريق ابن كاسب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٩٥).","vol":"12","page":244},{"text":"١١٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بن يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قَضَى في النَّخلَةِ والنَّخلَتَينِ والثَّلاثَةِ لِرَجُلٍ في نَخلٍ، فيَختَلِفونَ في حُقوقِ ذَلِكَ، فقَضى أن لِكُلِّ نَخلَةٍ لأولَئكَ مِنَ الأرضِ مَبلَغَ جَريدِها (^١).\nوفيما رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" بإِسنادِه عن عُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَريمِ النَّخلِ طولَ عَسيبِها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2643>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَريمِ الآبارِ</span>\n\n١١٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ (^٣) بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَريمُ البِئرِ أربَعونَ ذِراعًا مِن جَوانِبِها كُلِّها، لأعطانِ الإبِلِ والغَنَمِ، وابنُ السَّبيلِ أوَّلُ شارِبٍ، ولا يُمنَعُ فضلُ ماءٍ ليُمنَعَ به الكَلأُ\" (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عَوفٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى عن أبى هريرةَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٤٨٨) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٤٠٤).\n(^٣) في س: \"الحسين\".\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٤١١) عن هشيم به.","vol":"12","page":245},{"text":"فذَكَرَه مِن قَولِه (^١).\n\n١١٩٩٠ - وقَد كَتَبناه مِن حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال. فذَكَرَه. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١١٩٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أن حَريمَ البِئرِ البديِّ (^٣) خَمسَةٌ وعِشرونَ ذِراعًا مِن نواحِيها كُلِّها، وحَريمُ العاديَّةِ خَمسونَ ذِراعًا مِن نَواحِيها كُلِّها، وحَريمُ بئرِ الزَّرعِ ثَلاثُمِائَةِ ذِراعٍ مِن نَواحِيها كُلِّها. قال: وقالَ الزُّهرِىُّ: وسَمِعتُ النّاسَ يَقولونُ: حَريمُ العُيونِ خَمسُمِائَةِ ذِراعٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٣١٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) مسدد - كما فى الإتحاف (٣٨١٥) وفيه: محدث. بدلًا من: محمد.\n(^٣) البديِّ: البئر التى حفرت فى الإسلام وليست بالعادية القديمة. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٢٧). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه فى الأموال (١٠٧٩) من طريق يو نس به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٧١٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٣٢٨)، وابن زنجويه فى الأموال (١٠٨١) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"12","page":246},{"text":"١١٩٩٢ - ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَريمُ البِئرِ العاديّةِ خَمسونَ ذِراعًا، وحَريمُ البِئرِ البَدِىِّ خَمسَةٌ وعِشرونَ ذِراعًا\". قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ مِن قِبَلِ نَفسِه: وحَريمُ قَليبِ الزَّرعِ ثَلاثُمِائَةِ ذِراعٍ. أخبرَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوروِىَ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ أبى عَبلَةَ (^٢)، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا مَوصولًا (^٣)، وهو ضَعيفٌ.\n\n١١٩٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَي، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حَريمُ البِئرِ خَمسونَ ذِراعًا، وحَريمُ العَينِ مِائَتا ذِراعٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل لأبى داود (٤٠٢)، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٥١)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠٧٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٩١ من طريق سفيان به. وليس عند الحاكم قول سعيد الأخير. وعند ابن أبى شيبة قول سعيد: وحريم بئر الذهب.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: فتح الباء من عبلة وإسكانها كلاهما روى عن البخاري واسم أبى عبلة الشمِر والله أعلم\". وكذا في حاشية: ز، وفيها: \"قال شيخنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٢٠ من طريق معمر وابن أبى عبلة.\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٣٥).","vol":"12","page":247},{"text":"١١٩٩٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الشَّامِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحُصَينِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبى قال: شَهِدتُ حَبيبَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ قَضَى في حَريمِ البِئرِ العاديَّةِ خَمسينَ ذِراعًا، وفِى البَدِيِّ خَمسَةً وعِشرينَ ذِراعًا (^١).\n\n١١٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علي، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبارَكٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ جَعَلَ لِلزَّرعِ حَرَمَه غَلوَة بسَهمٍ\" (^٢). قال يَحيَى: قالوا: والغَلوَةُ ما بَينَ ثَلاثِمِائَةِ ذِراعٍ وخَمسينَ إلَى أربَعِمِائَةٍ.\n\n١١٩٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ في \"المراسيل\"، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو على اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرير، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (ح) قال أبو داودَ: وقَرأتُه على سعيدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، عن ابنِ مُبارَكٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن (^٣) النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُضارُّوا في الحَفْرِ\". زادَ سعيدٌ: وذَلِكَ أن يَحفِرَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى جَنبِ الرَّجُلِ ليَذهَبَ بمائهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٣٦).\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٢٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٤٧) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) في حاشة الأصل: \"بخطه: أن\".\n(^٤) المراسيل لأبى داود (٤٠٨)، وليس فيه: جرير. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٣٦)، ويحيى بن معين في حديثه (١٥٣) من طريق معمر به. وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة قول سعيد، وليس عند يحيى قوله: زاد سعيد.","vol":"12","page":248},{"text":"١١٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ وقَيسُ ابنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن سَعدٍ الكاتِبِ، عن بلالٍ العَبسِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا في ثَلاثٍ، ثَلَّةِ البِئرِ (^١) وطِوَلِ الفَرَسِ وحَلقَةِ القَومِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2644>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَوريثِ نِساءِ المُهاجِرينَ خِطَطَهُنَّ (^٣) بالمَدينَةِ</span>\n\n١١٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غياثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن كُلثومٍ، عن زَينَبَ (^٤)، أنَّها كانَت تَفلِى رأسَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وعِندَه امرأةُ عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ ونِساءٌ مِن المُهاجِراتِ، وهُنَّ يَشْتَكينَ مَنازِلَهُنَّ أنَّها تَضيقُ عَلَيهِنَّ ويُخرَجنَ مِنها، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُوَرَّثَ دُورَ المُهاجِرينَ النِّساءُ، فماتَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ فوَرِثَته امرأتُه دارًا بالمَدينَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بئر\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٣٢٤). وتقدم في (١١٩٠٩).\n(^٣) الخِطط جمع خِطة وهى الأرض يختطها الإنسان لنفسه بأن يعلم عليها علامة ويخط عليها خطأ ليُعلم أنه قد احتازها. النهاية ٢/ ٤٨.\n(^٤) هكذا أطلقت ولم تبين الرواية أى الزيانب هي، وعلق ابن حجر على قول أبى القاسم: أظنها امرأة عبد الله بن مسعود. بقوله: بعيد جدًا؛ لأنه ليس بينها وبين النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - محرمية ... والأشبه أنَّها زينب بنت جحش. النكت الظراف على الأطراف بحاشية تحفة الأشراف ١١/ ٣٣٠.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٠٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٥٠) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٤٤).","vol":"12","page":249},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2645>بابُ مَن قَضَى فيما بَيَن النَّاسِ بما فيه صَلاحُهُم ودَفْعُ الضَّرَرِ عَنهُم على الاجتِهادِ</span>\n\n١١٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ على المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قَضَى أن لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ أن مالكًا أخبَرَه، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِيِّ، عن أبيه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَمنَعُ أحَدُكُم جارَه أَن يَغرِزَ خَشَبَه في جِدارِه\". قال: ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٣٤٠) من طريق فضيل به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٢١): هذا إسناد رجاله ثقات إلَّا أنه منقطع؛ لأنَّ إسحاق بن يحيى - قال الترمذى وابن عدى: - لَمْ يدرك عبادة بن الصامت، وقال البخاري: لَمْ يلق عبادة. وسيأتى في (٢٠٤٧٣).\n(^٢) في ص ٥، ص ٦، حاشية الأصل: \"إضرار\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٦٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣٠، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٥. وتقدم في (١١٤٩٦)، وسيأتى في (٢٠٤٧٤).","vol":"12","page":250},{"text":"ما لِي أراكُم عَنها مُعرِضينَ، واللهِ لأرميَنَّ بها بَينَ أكتافِكُم (^١).\n\n١٢٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هُرمُزَ هو الأعرَجُ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن سألَه جارُه أن يَغرِزَ خَشَبَه في جِدارِه فلا يَمنَعْه\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ الأعوَرُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أحْبرَنِى (^٤) عمرُو بن دينارٍ، أن هِشامَ بنَ يَحيَى أخبَرَه، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ سلمةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أخبَرَه أن أخَوَينِ مِن بَنِى المُغيرَةِ أعتَقَ أحَدُهُما ألَّا يَغرِزَ الآخَرُ خَشَبًا في جُدُرِه، فلَقيا مُجَمِّعَ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ ورِجالًا كَثيرًا مِنَ الأنصارِ، فقالوا: نَشهَدُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمرَ ألَّا يَمنَعَ جارٌ جارَه أن يَغرِزَ خَشَبًا في جِدارِه. فقالَ الحالِفُ: أىْ أخِي، قَد عَلِمتُ أنَّه يَقضِى لَكَ عليّ، وقَد حَلَفتُ، فاجعَلْ أُسطوانًا دونَ جُدُرِى. ففَعَلَ الآخَرُ فغَرَزَ في الأُسطوانِ خَشَبَه. قال لِى عمرٌو:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٤٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٧٤٥. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٥) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (١١٤٨٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٦٣)، ومسلم (١٦٠٩/ ١٣٦).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: محمد الأعور قال ابن جريجٍ: أخبرنى\".","vol":"12","page":251},{"text":"فأنا نَظَرتُ إلَى ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى المازِنِيِّ، عن أبيه، أن الضَّحَّاكَ ابنَ خَليفَةَ ساقَ - خَليجًا له مِنَ العُرَيضِ، فأرادَ أن يُمِرَّه في أرضٍ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، فأبَى محمدٌ فكَلَّمَ فيه الضَّحَّاكُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، فدَعا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ فأمَرَه أن يُخَلِّى سَبيلَه، فقالَ محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ: لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لِمَ تَمنَعُ أخاكَ ما يَنفَعُه وهو لَكَ نافِعٌ؟ تَشرَبُ به أوَّلًا وآخِرًا ولا يَضُرُّكَ. فقالَ محمدٌ: لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ (^٢): واللهِ لَيَمُرَّنَّ به ولَو على بَطنِكَ (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وبِمَعناه رَواه أيضًا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ (^٤)، وهو أيضًا مُرسَلٌ. وقَد روِى في مَعناه حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ:\n\n١٢٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن واصِلٍ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا جَعفَرٍ محمدَ بنَ عليٍّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ انَّه كانَت له عَضُدٌ مِن نَخلٍ في حائطِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ. قال: ومَعَ الرَّجُلِ أهلُه، وكانَ سَمُرَةُ بنُ جُندُبٍ يَدخُلُ إلَى نَخلِه فيَتأذَّى به ويَشُقُّ عَلَيه، فطَلَبَ إلَيه أن يَبيعَه فأبَي، فطَلَبَ إلَيه أن يُناقِلَه فأبَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٦٨) عن أحمد بن الحسن به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٣٩) عن حجاج به. وتقدم في (١١٤٩٤).\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"لم تمنعه\". وفى م: \"لَمْ تمنع\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٦٩)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٠، ٢٣١، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٦، ومن طريقه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٥٣)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٧٩١ (١١٦٥ - مسند ابن عباس).\n(^٤) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٤٨ - ٣٥٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"12","page":252},{"text":"فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فطَلَبَ إلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَبيعَه فأبَي، فطَلَبَ إلَيه أن يُنَاقِلَه فأبَي، قال: فقال: \"فهَبْه لِي، ولَكَ كَذا وكَذا\". أمرٌ رَغَّبَه فيه، فأبَي، فقالَ: \"أنتَ مُضارٌّ\". فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِلأنصارِىِّ: \"اذهَبْ فاقلَعْ نَخلَه\" (^١).\nوَقَد روِى في مُعارَضَتِه ما دَلَّ على أنَّه لا يُجبَرُ عَلَيهِ:\n\n١٢٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ ابنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ لِفُلانٍ في حائطِى عَذقًا وقَد آذانِى وشَقَّ علىَّ مَكانُ عَذقِه. فأرسَلَ إلَيه نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"بعنِى عَذقَكَ الَّذِى في حائطِ فُلانٍ\". قالَ: لا. قال: \"فهَبْه لِى\". قال: لا. قال: \"فبِعنيه بعَذقٍ في الجَنَّةِ\". قال: لا. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما رأيتُ أبخَلَ مِنكَ إلَّا الَّذِى يَبْخَلُ بالسَّلامِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أن أوَّلَ شَئٍ عَتَبَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أبى لُبابَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُنذِرِ، أنَّه خاصَمَ يَتيمًا له في عَذقِ نَخلَةٍ، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأبِى لُبابَةَ بالعَذقِ، فضَجَّ اليَتيمُ واشتَكَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأبِى لُبابَةَ: \"هَبْ لِى هذا العَذقَ - يا أبا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٣٦) عن أبى الربيع به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٨٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥١٧) من طريق زهير بن محمد به.","vol":"12","page":253},{"text":"لُبابَةَ - لِكَى نَرُدَّه إلَى اليَتيمِ\". فأبَى أبو لُبابَةَ أن يَهَبَه لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا لُبابَةَ، أعطِه هذا اليَتيمَ، ولَكَ مِثلُه في الجَنَّةِ\". فأبَى أبو لُبابَةَ أن يُعطيَه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إن ابتَعتُ هذا العَذقَ فأعطَيتُ (^١) اليَتيمَ، ألِى مِثلُه في الجَنَّةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\". فانطَلَقَ الأنصارِيُّ وهو ابنُ الدَّحداحَةِ حَتَّى لَقِى أبا لُبابَةَ فقالَ: يا أبا لُبابَةَ، أبتاعُ مِنكَ هذا العَذقَ بحَديقَتِى؟ وكانَت له حَديقَةُ نَخلٍ، فقالَ أبو لُبابَةَ: نَعَم. فابتاعَه مِنه بحَديقَةٍ، فلَم يَلبَثِ ابنُ الدَّحداحَةِ إلَّا يَسيرًا حَتَّى جاءَ كُفَّارُ قُرَيشٍ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فخَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقاتَلَهُم فقُتِلَ شَهيدًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رُبَّ (^٢) عَذقٍ مُذَلَّل لابنِ الدَّحداحَةِ في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣).\nوأمَّا حَديثُ: \"لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ\" (^٤). فهو مُرسَلٌ. وهو مُشتَرِكُ الدَّلالَةِ. وأمّا حَديثُ الخَشَبَةِ (^٥) فمِنَ العُلَماءِ مَن حَمَلَه على ظاهِرِه؛ لحَملِ راويه على الوُجوبِ كما تَرَي، ولَم أجِدْ لِلشّافِعِيِّ قَولًا يُخالِفُه؛ بَل قَد نَصَّ في القَديمِ والجَديدِ على ما يوافِقُه، وأمّا حَديثُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٦)، فقَد خالَفَه محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، وقَد نَجِدُ مَن يَدَعُ القَولَ به عُمومًا في أن كُلَّ مُسلِمٍ أحَقُّ بمالِه،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أعطيته\".\n(^٢) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"ص\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"لرب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الواقدى في المغازى ٢/ ٥٠٥، ٥٠٦، والخرائطى في مكارم الأخلاق (١٩٧) من طريق الزهرى به. وعند الواقدى بعضه من قول سعيد، وبعضه من قول رجل من الأنصار.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٩٩٩، ١٢٠٠٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٢٠٠١، ١٢٠٠٣).\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٢٠٠٤).","vol":"12","page":254},{"text":"فيَتَوَسَّعُ به في خِلافِه، قال الشَّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ: وأحسَبُ قَضاءَ عُمَرَ في امرأةِ المَفقودِ مِن بَعضِ هذه الوُجوهِ التى مَنَعَ فيها الضَّرَرَ بالمَرأةِ إذا كان الضَّرَرُ عَلَيها أبيَنَ (^١). قال في الجَديدِ: وقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ في امرأةِ المَفقودِ: امرأ ابتُليَت فلتَصبِرْ، لا تَنكِحْ حَتَّى يأْتيَها يَقينُ مَوتِهِ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا نَقولُ.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦٩٢) عن الشافعي به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٢٤١. وسيأتى في الآثار عن عليّ في امرأة المفقود (١٥٦٥٣ - ١٥٦٥٥).","vol":"12","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2646>كِتَابُ الوقْفِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2647>بابُ الصَّدَقاتِ المُحَرَّماتِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ العَطارُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى أُسامَةَ التَّميمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أشهَلُ يَعنِى ابنَ حاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أصابَ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ أرضًا، واللهِ ما أصَبتُ مالًا قَطُّ هو أنفَسُ عِندِى مِنها، فما تأْمُرُنِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إن شِئتَ تَصَدَّقتَ بها وحَبَستَ أصلَها\". قال: فجَعَلَها عُمَرُ صَدَقَةً، لا تُباعُ ولا تُوهَبُ ولا تُورَثُ، تَصَدَّقَ بها على الفُقَراءِ ولِذَوِى القُربَى وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وفِى الرِّقابِ - قال ابنُ عَونٍ: وأحسِبُه قال: والضَّيفِ - ولا جُناحَ على مَن وليَها أن يأكُلَ بالمَعروفِ ويُطعِمَ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فيهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٣٤٤٦) عن أبى محمد به. وفوائد ابن بشران (١٤٣ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وفيه: محمد بن أحمد بن يزيد الرياض. بدلًا من: الفحام. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وأحمد (٤٦٠٨)، ومسلم (١٦٣٢/ ٠٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٧٨)، والترمذى (١٣٧٥)، والنسائي (٣٦٠٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٩٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٣)، وابن حبان (٤٩٠١) =","vol":"12","page":257},{"text":"بِشْرانَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال \" أصابَ عُمَرُ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى أصَبتُ أرضًا لَم أُصِبْ مالًا قَطُّ أنفَسَ عِندِى مِنه، فكَيفَ تأمُرُنِى؟ قال: \"إن شِئتَ حَبَستَ أصلَها وتَصَدَّقتَ بها\". فتَصَدَّقَ بها عُمَرُ؛ أنَّه لا يُباعُ أصلُها ولا يورَثُ ولا يوهَبُ، لِلفُقَراءِ والقُربَى والرِّقابِ وفي سَبيلِ اللهِ والضَّيفِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ، ولا جُناحَ على مَن ولِيَها أن يأكُلَ بالمَعروفِ أو يُطعِمَ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتَموَّلٍ فيهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا سُلَيمُ بنُ أخضَرَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أصابَ عُمَرُ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ، فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَستأمِرُه فيها فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ، لَم أُصِبْ مالًا قَطُّ هو أنفَسُ عِندِى مِنه، فما تأمُرُ (^٤) به؟ فقالَ: \"إن شِئتَ حَبَستَ أصلَها وتَصَدَّقتَ بها\". قال: فتَصَدَّقَ بها عُمَرُ ألَّا يُباعَ\n_________\n= من طريق ابن عون به، وسيأتي في (١٢٥٢٤).\n(^١) البخارى (٢٧٧٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٧٨) عن مسدد به. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٦٠١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٧٢).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: تأمرنى به\".","vol":"12","page":258},{"text":"أصلُها؛ [لا يُباعُ] (^١) ولا يورَثُ (^٢) ولا يوهَبُ. قال: فتَصَدَّقَ عُمَرُ في الفُقَراءِ وفِى القُربَى والرِّقابِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ والضَّيفِ، لا جُناحَ على مَن وليَها أن يأكُلَ مِنها بالمَعروفِ، ويُطعِمَ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فيهِ. قال: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ محمدًا (^٣)، فلَمّا بَلَغتُ هذا المَكانَ: غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ (^٤) مالًا. قال محمدٌ: غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ (^٥) مالًا. قال ابنُ عَونٍ: وأخبَرَنِي مَن قرأ هذا الكِتابَ أن فيه: غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ مالًا (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى (^٧).\n\n١٢٠١١ - أخبَرنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ قال: أصَبتُ أرضًا مِن خَيبَرَ ما أصَبتُ مالًا قَطُّ أنفَسَ عِندِى مِنه، فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أستأمِرُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ أرضًا مِن خَيبَرَ ما أصَبتُ مالًا أنفَسَ عِندِى مِنه. قال: \"إن شِئتَ حَبَستَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تورث\".\n(^٣) هو ابن سيرين.\n(^٤) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"فيه\".\n(^٥) غير متأثل: غير جامع، وكل شيء له أصل قديم أو جمع حتى يصير له أصل فهو مؤثل. مسلم بشرح النووى ١١/ ٨٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٩ من طريق سليم بن أخضر به دون قوله: وأخبرنى من قرأ هذا الكتاب.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٦٣٢/ ١٥).","vol":"12","page":259},{"text":"أصلَها وتَصَدَّقتَ بها\". فتَصَدَّقَ بها عُمَرُ على إلَّا تُباعَ ولا توهَبَ ولا تورَثَ. قال: فتَصَدَّقَ بها في الفُقَراءِ والأقرَبينَ وفِى سَبيلِ اللهِ وفِى الرِّقابِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ وفِى الضَّيفِ، لا جُناحَ على مَن وليَها يأكُلُ بالمَعروفِ، ويُعطِى بالمَعروفِ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ. قال ابنُ عَونٍ: فذَكَرتُه لابنِ سيرينَ فقالَ: غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ مالًا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبى داودَ الحَفَرِىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠١٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ بشرٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ التُّستَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ مالًا بخَيبَرَ لَم أُصِبْ مالًا قَطُّ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِنه. فقالَ له: \"إن شِئتَ تَصَدَّقتَ به، وِإن شِئتَ أمسَكتَ أصلَه\". قال: فتَصَدَّقَ به عُمَرُ على الضُّعَفاءِ والمَساكينِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ، لا جُناحَ على مَن ولِيَها أن يأكُلَ أو يُطعِمَ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فيه مالًا أو مُتأثِّلٍ مِنه مالًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روِى عن يونُسَ بنِ محمدٍ عن حَمَّادٍ عن أيّوبَ (^٤)، وعن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن أيّوبَ، وأرسَلَه جَماعَةٌ عن حَمَّادٍ، وأخرَجَ البخارىُّ آخِرَه عن قُتَيبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) فوائد ابن بشران (٣٤ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٩٩) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٣٣/ ٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٦ من طريق الهيثم بن سهل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٧٨) عن يونس به.","vol":"12","page":260},{"text":"عن حَمّادٍ مَوصولًا (^١).\n\n١٢٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي هارونُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَخرُ بنُ جوَيريَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ تَصَدَّقَ بمالٍ له على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ يُقالُ له: ثَمعٌ. وكانَ نَخلًا فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى استَفَدتُ مالًا وهو عِندِى نَفيسٌ، فأرَدتُ أن أتَصَدَّقَ به. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَصَدَّقْ بأصلِه؛ لا يُبَاعُ ولا يوهَبُ ولا يورَثُ، ولَكِن يُنفَقُ ثَمَرُه\". فتَصَدَّقَ به عُمَرُ، فصَدَقَتُه: ذَلِكَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وفِى الرِّقابِ والمَساكينِ والضَّيفِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ ولِذِى القُربَي، ولا جُناحَ على مَن وليَه أن يأكُلَ مِنه بالمَعروفِ، أو يُؤكِلَ صَديقَه غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ بهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ هكذا (^٣).\n\n١٢٠١٤ - وبِهَذا المَعنَى روِى عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ استَشارَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بمالِه الَّذِى بثَمغٍ فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تَصَدَّقْ بثَمَرِه، واحبِسْ أصلَه لا يُبَاعُ ولا يورَثُ\". أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٧٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٩٣ من طريق صخر بن جويرية به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٦، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"في الصحيح هكذا\".\nوالحديث عند البخاري (٢٧٦٤).","vol":"12","page":261},{"text":"إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى وأحمَدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ المُطلِبِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٢٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن صَدَقَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: نَسَخَها لِى عبدُ الحَميدِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ في ثَمغٍ؛ أنَّه إلَى حَفصَةَ ما عاشَت تُنفِقُ ثَمَرَه حَيثُ أراها اللهُ، فإِن توُفِّيَت فإِنَّه إلَى ذِى الرّأي مِن أهلِها؛ لا يُشتَرَى أصلُه أبَدًا ولا يوهَبُ، ومَن وليَه فلا حَرَجَ عَلَيه في ثَمَرِه إن أكَلَ أو أَكَلَ صَديقًا، غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ مالًا، فما عَفا عنه مِن ثَمَرِه فهو لِلسّائلِ والمَحرومِ والضَّيفِ وذَوِى القُربَى وابنِ السَّبيلِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، تُنفِقُه حَيثُ أراها اللَّهُ مِن ذَلِكَ، فإِن توُفِّيَت فإِلَى ذِى الرّأي مِن ولَدِي، والمِائَةُ الوَسقِ الَّذِى أطعَمَنِى (^٢) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالوادِى بيَدِى لَم أهلِكْها، فإِنَّه مَعَ ثَمغٍ على سُنَتِه (^٣) التى أَمَرْتُ بها، وإِن شاءَ ولِيُّ ثَمغٍ اشتَرَى مِن ثَمَرِه رَقيقًا لِعَمَلِهِ: وكَتَبَ مُعَيقيبٌ وشَهِدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الأرقَمِ: بسم الله الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذا ما أوصَى به عبدُ اللهِ عُمَرُ\n_________\n(^١) فوائد ابن بشران (١٦١ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٠٠) من طريق حرملة به.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"محمد\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: محمد رسول الله\".\n(^٣) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م، وفتح البارى ٥/ ٤٠٢: \"سننه\".","vol":"12","page":262},{"text":"أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ إن حَدَثَ به حَدَثٌ، أن ثَمغًا وصرمَةَ ابنِ الأكوَعِ والعَبدَ الَّذِى فيه، والمِائَةَ السَّهمِ الَّذِى بخَيبَرَ، ورَقيقَه الَّذِى فيه، والمِائَةَ - يَعنِى الوَسقَ - الَّذِى أطعَمَه محمدٌ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، تَليه حَفصَةُ ما عاشَت، ثُمَّ يَليه ذو الرّأي مِن أهلِها لا يُباعُ ولا يُشتَرَي، يُنفِقُه حَيثُ رأى مِنَ السّائلِ والمَحرومِ وذَوِى القُربَي، ولا حَرَجَ على وليِّه إن أكَلَ أو آكَلَ أوِ اشتَرَى له رَقيقًا مِنه (^١).\n\n١٢٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ المُصطَلِقِ قال: لَم يَترُكْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا بَغلَةً بَيضاءَ وسِلاحًا وأرضًا جَعَلَها صَدَقَةً (^٢).\n\n١٢٠١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضْلُ (^٣) بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ خَتَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخِى امرأتِه قال: واللَّهِ ما تَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - دينارًا ولا دِرهَمًا ولا عبدًا ولا أمَةً ولا شَيئًا إلَّا بَغلَتَه البَيضاءَ وسِلاحَه، وأرضًا تَرَكَها صَدَقَةً (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٧٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) آخر) أحمد (١٨٤٥٨) عن إسحاق الأزرق به. والنسائي (٣٥٩٧) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى في الشمائل (٣٨٢)، والنسائي (٣٥٩٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في م: \"المفضل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٧٦٠) من طريق النفيلى به. وابن سعد ٢/ ٣١٦، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٥٤٩)، ومن طريقه المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٧٣، وابن قانع في =","vol":"12","page":263},{"text":"حَديثِ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ وأبِى الأحوَصِ والثَّورِيِّ عن أبى إسحاقَ (^١).\n\n١٢٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي نَذيرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبى الأحوَصِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ زيادٍ الهَمدانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَفصٍ (^٢) الأبَّارُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - جَعَلَ سَبْعَ حيطانٍ له بالمَدينَةِ صَدَقَةً على بَنِى المُطلِبِ وبَنِى هاشِمٍ.\n\n١٢٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُؤَذِّنُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ قَطَعَ له عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَنبُعَ، ثُمَّ اشتَرَى عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ إلَى قَطيعَةِ عُمَرَ أشياءَ فحَفَرَ فيها عَينًا، فبَينا هُم يَعمَلونَ فيها إذ تَفَجَّرَ عَلَيهِم مِثلُ عُنُقِ الجَزورِ مِنَ الماءِ، فأُتِيَ عليٌّ وبُشِّرَ بذَلِكَ، قال: بَشِّرِ الوارِثَ. ثُمَّ تَصَدَّقْ بها على الفُقَراءِ والمَساكينِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللهِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ؛ القَريبِ والبَعيدِ وفِى السِّلمِ وفِى الحَربِ ليَومِ تَبيضُّ وُجوهٌ وتَسوَدُّ وُجوهٌ؛\n_________\n= معجمه ٢/ ٢٠٧، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٥ من طريق زهير به. وهو محمد ابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٩) من طريق زهير عن أبى إسحاق عن عمرو عن جويرية به.\n(^١) البخاري (٢٧٣٩، ٢٨٧٣، ٤٤٦١).\n(^٢) في الأصل، م، ص ٥: \"الأحوص\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أبو حفص\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٤١٣٦)، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٢٦.","vol":"12","page":264},{"text":"ليَصرِفَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى بها وجهِى عن النّارِ ويَصرِفَ النّارَ عن وجهِى (^١).\nوروِّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ أن عُمَرَ وعَليًّا وقَفا أرضًا لَهُما بَتًّا بَتلًا (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ شافِعٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ حَسَنٍ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ بَيتِه وأحسِبُه قال: زَيدُ بنُ عليٍّ. أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَصَدَّقَت بمالِها على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِب، وأن عَليًّا تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيهِم، وأدخَلَ مَعَهُم غَيرَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَعقِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرمَلَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ كان قَد حَبَسَ دارَه التى في البَقيعِ، ودارَه التى عِندَ المَسجِدِ، وكَتَبَ في كِتابِ حُبسِه على ما حَبَسَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ. قال مالكٌ: وحُبسُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ عِندِى. قال: وكانَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يَسكُنُ مَنزِلًا في دارِه التى حَبَسَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٢٢٠ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٧٤)، والبلاذرى في فتوحْ البلدان (٥٤، ٥٥) من طريق جعفر بن محمد. مقتصرين على ذكر إقطاع عمر لعلى ينبع. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٩١٢).\n(^٢) بتا بتلا: أى صدقة منقطعة عن الإملاك، ولا يتطرق إليها نقض. النهاية ١/ ٩٣، ٩٤.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢١٠) من طريق أبى جعفر به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٠٨)، والشافعي ٤/ ٥٦.","vol":"12","page":265},{"text":"عِندَ المَسجِدِ حَتَّى ماتَ فيه، وقَد كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ؛ حَبَس دَارَه وكانَ يَسكُنُ مَسكَنًا مِنها (^١).\n\n١٢٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المِهرَجانِيُّ الخَطيبُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ (^٣) البَربَهارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيدِيُّ قال: وتَصَدَّقَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ بدارِه بمَكَّةَ على ولَدِه فهِى إلَى اليَومِ، وتَصَدَّقَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ برَبْعِه عِندَ المَروَةِ وبِالثَّنِيَّةِ على ولَدِه فهِى إلَى اليَومِ، وتَصدَّقَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ بأرضِه بيَنبُعَ فهِى إلَى اليَومِ، وتَصدَّقَ الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوَّامِ بدارِه بمَكَّةَ في الحِزَاميَّةِ (^٤) ودارِه بمِصرَ وأموالِه بالمَدينَةِ على ولَدِه فذلِكَ إلَى اليَومِ، وتَصدَّقَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقَّاصٍ - ﵁ - بدارِه بالمَدينَةِ وبِدارِه بمِصرَ على ولَدِه، فذَلِكَ إلَى اليَومِ، وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ برُومَةَ (^٥) فهِى إلَى اليَومِ، وعَمرُو بنُ العاصِ بالوَهطِ مِنَ الطَّائفِ، ودارِه بمَكَّةَ على ولَدِه، فذَلِكَ إلَى اليَومِ، وحَكيمُ بنُ حِزامٍ بدارِه بمَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ على ولَدِه فذَلِكَ إلَى اليَومِ. قال: وما لا يَحضُرُنِي ذِكرُه كَثيرٌ، يُجزِيُّ مِنه أَقَل مِمّا ذَكَرتُ. قال: وفيما ذَكَرتُ مِن صَدَقاتِ مَن تَصدَّقَ بدارِه\n_________\n(^١) ذكره سحنون في المندونة ٦/ ١٠٦ عن ابن وهب بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب في أصل المؤلِّف على لفظ: الخطيب\".\n(^٣) في ز: \"أبو الحسن\".\n(^٤) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"الحرامية\". وينظر أخبار مكة للأزرقى ٢/ ٨٧، ٢١٠.\n(^٥) بئر رومة: بئر ما زالت معروفة في آخر حرة المدينة الغربية إذا أكنعت (دنوت) في مجمع الأسيال. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٨١.","vol":"12","page":266},{"text":"بمَكَّةَ حُجَّة لأهلِ مَكَّةَ في مِلكِ بُيوتِها وكِراءِ مَنازِلِها؛ لأنَّه لا يَعمِدُ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ والزُّبَيرُ [وعثمانُ] (^١) وعَمرُو بنُ العاصِ وحَكيمُ بنُ حِزامٍ إلَى شَئٍ النّاسُ فيه شَرَعٌ سَواءٌ (^٢)، فيَتَصَدَّقونَ به على أولادِهِم دونَ مالكيه مَعَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا الأنصارِىّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه وقَفَ دارًا بالمَدينَةِ، فكانَ إذا حَجَّ مَرَّ بالمَدينَةِ، فنَزَلَ دارَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2648>بابُ جَوازِ الصَّدَقَةِ المُحَرَّمَةِ وإن لَمْ تُقبَضْ</span>\n\n١٢٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ رِبحٍ (^٥) البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أصابَ عُمَرُ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ، فأتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ أرضًا بخَيبَرَ، واللَّهِ ما أصَبتُ مالًا قَطُّ هو أنفَسُ عِندِى مِنها، فما تأمُرُنِى؟ قال: \"إن شِئتَ تَصَدَّقتَ بها وحَبَستَ أصلَها\". فجَعَلَها عُمَرُ ألَّا تُباعَ ولا توهَبَ ولا تورَثَ،\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: ص ٥، ص ٦، م.\n(^٢) شرع سواء: أى: ليس بعضهم بأفضل من بعض. ينظر غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ١٦٦.\n(^٣) ينظر المدونة لسحنون ٦/ ١٠٥، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢١١). وسيأتى عن عثمان (١٢٠٥٦ - ١٢٠٥٩)، ونحوه عن الزبير (١٢٠٥٣).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة ٤/ ٥٥٣ عقب (٣٧٧٩).\n(^٥) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"رمح\"، وفى س: \"لويح\".","vol":"12","page":267},{"text":"وتَصَدَّقَ (^١) بها على الفُقَراءِ والمَساكينِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ والرِّقابِ، ولا جُناحَ على مَن ولِيَها أن يأكُلَ مِنها بالمَعروفِ ويُطعِمَ مِنها غَيرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ فيه، ثُمَّ أوصى به إلَى حَفصَةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ إلَى الأكابِرِ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ في كِتابِ البَحيرَةِ: أخبرَنِي غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ وآلِ عليٍّ أن عُمَرَ ولِيَ صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى ماتَ وجَعَلَها بَعدَه إلَى حَفصَةَ، وأن عَليًّا ولِى صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى ماتَ، ووَليَها بَعدَه حَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، وأنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وليَت صَدَقَتَها حَتَّى ماتَت، وبَلَغَنِى عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، أنَّه ولِى صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى ماتَ (^٣). قال في القَديمِ: ووَلِى الزُّبَيرُ صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللهُ، ووَلِى عمرُو بنُ العاصِ صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللهُ، ووَلِى المِسوَرُ بنُ مَخرَمَةَ صَدَقَتَه حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ.\n\n١٢٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عيسَى بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: فُرغَ مِن أربَعٍ؛ مِنَ الخَلقِ والخُلُقِ والرِّزقِ والأجَلِ، فلَيسَ أحَدٌ أكسَبَ مِن أحَدٍ، والصَّدَقَةُ جائزَةٌ، قُبِضَت أو لَم تُقبَضْ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ويتصدق\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٠٠٨).\n(^٣) الشافعي ٤/ ٥٩. وهو في كتاب الأحباس، ولم نجده في كتاب البحيرة والسائبة.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٠٠. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٨٩٥٣) من طريق معتمر به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٨٩) من طريق عيسى بن المسيب مقتصرًا على الشاهد.","vol":"12","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2649>بابُ وقفِ المَشاعِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ مَلَكَ مِائَةَ سَهمٍ مِن خَيبَرَ اشتَراها، فأتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبت مالًا لَم أُصِبْ مِثلَه قَطُّ، وقَد أرَدتُ أن أتَقَرَّبَ به إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، فقالَ: \"حَبسِ الأصلَ وسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَةَ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الخَطيبُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بَحرٍ البَربَهارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، مُنذُ أكثَرَ مِن سبعينَ سنةً قال: أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أن عُمَرَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ مالًا لَم أُصِبْ قَطُّ مِثلَه تَخَلَّصتُ المِائَةَ سَهمٍ التى بخَيبَرَ، وإِنِّى قَد أرَدتُ أن أتَقَرَّبَ بها إلَى اللَّه. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَبِّسِ الأصلَ وسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَةَ\" (^٣).\nقال أبو يَحيَى السَّاجِيُّ: ورُوِى أن الحَسَنَ أو الحُسَينَ وقَفَ أحَدُهُما أشقاصًا (^٤) مِن دُورِه، فأجازَ ذَلِكَ العُلَماءُ، وتَصَدَّقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ بالسَّهمِ بالغابَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٧١). والشافعى ٤/ ٥٨. وأخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٣٩٧) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٥٩٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٣) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الإسفرايينى. وضرب على الخطيب\".\n(^٣) الحميدى (٦٥٢).\n(^٤) الشقص: النصيب من الشيء. التاج ١٨/ ١٥ (ش ق ص).","vol":"12","page":269},{"text":"الَّذِى وهَبَت له حَفصَةُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2650>بابُ مَن قال: لا حُبسَ عن فرائضِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٢٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ عَفَن سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لَمَّا أُنزِلَتِ الفَرائضُ في سورَةِ \"النِّساءِ\" قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا حُبسَ بعدَ سورَةِ النِّساءِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ بَعد ما أُنزِلَت سورَةُ \"النِّساءِ\" وفُرِضَ فيها الفَرائضُ يقولُ: \"لا حُبسَ بعدَ سورَةِ النِّساءِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ المُهتَدِى باللهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ موسَى الصَّدَفِيُّ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أخيه عيسَى بنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٩٦، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٩٧، والطبرانى (١٢٠٣٣) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٨.","vol":"12","page":270},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا حُبسَ عن فرائضِ اللهِ\" (^١). قال عليٌّ: لَم يُسنِدْه غَيرُ ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن أخيه، وهُما ضَعيفانِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا اللَّفظُ إنَّما يُعرَفُ مِن قَولِ شُرَيحٍ القاضِى.\n\n١٢٠٣١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ قال: أتَيتُ شُرَيحًا في زَمَنِ بشرِ بنِ مَروانَ وهو يَومَئذٍ قاضٍ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ، أفتِنِى. فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِي، إنَّما أنا قاضٍ ولَستُ بمُفتى. قال: فقُلتُ: إنِّى واللَّهِ ما جِئتُ أُريدُ خُصومَةً؛ إنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الحَيِّ جَعَلَ دارَه حُبسًا. قال عَطاءٌ: فدَخَلَ مِنَ البابِ الَّذِى في المَسجِدِ في المَقصورَةِ، فسَمِعتُه حينَ دَخَلَ، وتَبِعتُه وهو يقولُ لِحَبيبٍ الَّذِى يُقَدِّم الخُصومَ إلَيه: أخبِرِ الرَّجُلَ أنَّه لا حُبسَ عن فرائضِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٨. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٠٠، والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٩٧، والطبرانى (١٢٠٣٣) من طريق عمرو بن خالد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٣٢ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل. والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (٧٦٩) من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٩٢١)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ١٣٨، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٩٦، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٩٥ عن عطاء به.","vol":"12","page":271},{"text":"جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبى عَونٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: جاءَ محمدٌ - ﷺ - ببَيعِ (^١) الحُبسِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: قال مالكٌ: الحُبسُ الَّذِى جاءَ محمدٌ - ﷺ - بإِطلاقِه هو الَّذِى في كِتابِ اللَّهِ: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٣]. قال محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ: كَلَّمَ به مالكٌ أبا يوسُفَ عِندَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حاتِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يقولُ: اجتَمَعَ مالكٌ وأبو يوسُفَ عِندَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فتَكَلَّما في الوُقوفِ وما يَحبِسُه النّاسُ، فقالَ يَعقوبُ: هذا باطِل. قال شُرَيح: جاءَ محمدٌ - ﷺ - بإِطلاقِ الحَبسِ. فقالَ مالكٌ: إنَّما جاءَ محمدٌ ﵌ بإِطلاقِ ما كانوا يَحبِسونَه لَآلِهَتِهِم مِنَ البَحيرَةِ والسَّائبَةِ؛ فأمَّا الوُقوفُ فهَذا وقفُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ حَيثُ استأذَنَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بمنع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢٠٧) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في آدب الشافعى ومناقبه ص ١٩٧ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. دون قوله الأخير: كلم به مالك. وهو عند الشافعى ٤/ ٥٢ من كلام الشافعى بمعناه.","vol":"12","page":272},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"حَبِّسْ أصلَها وسَبِّلْ ثَمَرَتَها\". وهَذا وقفُ الزُّبَيرِ. فأجَبَ الخليفة ذلِك مِنه وبَقِى (^١) يَعقوبُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٣٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ رَبِّه الَّذِى أُرِى النِّداءَ، أنَّه أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، حائطى هذا صَدَقَةٌ، وهو إلَى اللَّهِ ورسولِه. فجاءَ أبَواه فقالا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كان قَوامَ عَيشِنا. فرَدَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَيهِما، ثُمَّ ماتا فوَرِثَهُما ابنُهُما بَعدُ (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ. أبو بكرِ ابنُ حَزمٍ لَم يُدرِكْ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَيدٍ.\nوروِى مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ؛ كُلُّهُنَّ مَراسيلُ (^٤). والحَديثُ وارِدٌ في الصَّدَقَةِ المُنقَطِعَةِ، وكأنَّه تَصَدَّقَ به صَدَقَةَ تَطَوُّعٍ، وجَعَلَ مَصرِفَهما إلَى اختيارِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فتَصَدَّقَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أبَوَيهِ.\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"صح\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: أى انقطع والله أعلم\". وفى حاشية ز: \"قال شيخنا: بقى بالباء والقاف أى انقطع\".\n(^٢) آداب الشافعي ومناقبه لابن أبى حاتم ص ١٩٧ - ١٩٩. وفيه: ونفى يعقوب. وهو عند الشافعي ٤/ ٥٢ من كلام الشافعى بمعناه.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٣٦. وقال: صحيح على شرط الشيخين، إن كان أبو بكر ابن عمرو بن حزم سمعه من عبد الله بن زيد. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٣) من طريق أبى بكر ابن حزم به.\n(^٤) ينظر المراسيل لأبى داود (١٢٦)، ومسند الرويانى (١٠١٠)، وسنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٠١، والمستدرك ٤/ ٢٤٨، والمعرفة للمصنف (٢٣٧٥).","vol":"12","page":273},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2651>بابُ ما جاءَ في البَحيرَة والسّائبَةِ والوَصيلَةِ والحامِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: إنَّ البَحيرَةَ التى يُمنَعُ دَرُّها لِلطَّواغيتِ، فلا يَحتَلِبُها (^١) أحَدٌ مِنَ الناسِ، والسَّائبَةُ التى كانوا يُسَيِّبونَها لِآلِهَتِهِم ولا يُحمَلُ عَلَيها شَيءٌ. قال (^٢): وقالَ أبو هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"رأيتُ عَمْرًا (^٣) الخُزاعِيَّ يَجُرُّ قُصبَه في النّارِ، وكانَ أَوَّلَ مَن سَيِّبَ السَّوائبَ\". قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: والوَصيلَةُ؛ النَّاقَةُ البَكرُ تَبتَكِرُ (^٤) في أوَّلِ نِتاجِ الإبِلِ بالأُنثَى، ثُمَّ تُثَنِّى بعدَ ذَلِكَ بالأُنثَى، وكانوا (^٥) يُسَيِّبونَها لِطَواغيتِهِم، ويَدْعونَها الوَصيلَةَ حينَ وُصِلَت إحداهُما بالأُخرَى لَيسَ بَينَهُما ذَكَرٌ. قالَ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: والحامُ فحلُ الإِبِلِ كان يَضرِبُ الضِّرابَ (^٦) المَعدودَ، فإِذا قَضَى ضِرابَه دَعَوه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يحلبها\"، وكذا محمد البخاري.\n(^٢) في م: \"قالا\".\n(^٣) فوقه في الأصل: \"ص: بخطه\". وفى الحاشية: \"كذا في خ ر عمرو بن عامر\". ثم كتب: \"وفى خ ر عمرو بن لحى\". وفى س: \"يحيى بن عمرو بن يحيى\". وفى ز، ص ٦: \"عمرو بن لحيى\". وفى ص ٥: \"عمرو\". وعند البخاري: \"عمرو بن عامر\".\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"صح\". وفى حاشية الأصل، ز، م، والبخارى: \"تبكر\".\n(^٥) جاءت في حاشية الأصل بخطه، وفى المتن: \"كان\".\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل، ز: \"الضرب\".","vol":"12","page":274},{"text":"لِلطواغيتِ، وأعفَوه مِنَ الحَملِ فلَم يَحمِلوا عَلَيه شَيئًا، وسَمَّوه الحامِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2652>بابُ الحُبسِ في الرَّقيقِ والماشيَةِ والدَّابَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبابَةُ، عن ورقاءَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ على الصَّدَقَةِ، فمَنَعَ ابنُ جَميلٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ والعباسُ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما يَنقِمُ ابنُ جَميلٍ إلّا أن كان فقيرًا فأغناه اللَّهُ، وأمّا خالِدٌ فإِنَّكُم تَظلِمونَ خالِدًا فقَدِ احتَبَسَ أدراعَه وأعتادَه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وأمّا العباسُ عَمُّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فهِى علَيَّ ومِثلُها\". ثُمَّ قال: \"أما شَعَرتَ أن عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنوُ الأبِ، أو صِنوُ أبيه؟ \" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ورقاءَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى الزِّنادِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٣٨ - وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن أبى الزِّنادِ: \"أدراعَه وأعبُدَه (^٥) \".\nأخبرَنَاه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٢٨٥٦/ ٥١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١٥٦) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وليس عند مسلم قول ابن المسيب الأخير، وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على المرفوع.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٥٢١) وعقب (٤٦٢٣).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٨٠٧٢٩)، وأبو داود (١٦٢٣). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٠) عن الحسن بن الصباح به. والترمذى (٣٧٦١) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٣٢٧٣) من طريق شبابة به. وتقدم في (٧٤٤٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٣)، والبخاري (١٤٦٨).\n(^٥) في م: \"أعتده\".","vol":"12","page":275},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ حَيُّويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ بصَدَقَةٍ فقيلَ: مَنَعَ ابنُ جَميلٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ وعباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وقالَ: \"أدراعَه وأعبُدَه (^١) في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وأمّا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ عَمُّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فهِى عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ ومِثلُها مَعَها\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٣٩ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فهِى له ومِثلُها مَعَها\".\nأخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ ابنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنِي أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ طهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٤٠ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو أوَيسٍ عن أبى الزِّنادِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فهِى عَلَيه ومِثلُها مَعَها\".\nأخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ وفى البخاري: أعتده. قال ابن حجر: قيل: هو ما يعده الرجل من الدواب والسلاح ... وقيل: إن عند بعض رواة البخاري \"وأعبده\" بالموحدة جمع عبد. والأول هو المشهور. فتح البارى ٣/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٦٢٠)، والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (١٤٥٧) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٢٤٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٩) مختصرًا عن أحمد بن حفص به. وهو في مشيخة ابن طهمان (٢٣).","vol":"12","page":276},{"text":"يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبى الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٢٠٤١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٢٠٤٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الأحوَلُ، حَدَّثَنِي بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أرادَ الحَجَّ، فقالَتِ امرأةٌ لِزَوجِها: حُجَّ بى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: ما عِندِى ما أُحِجُّكِ عَلَيه. قالَت: أحِجَّنِى على جَمَلِكَ فُلانٍ. قال: ذاكَ حَبيسٌ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ. قالَت: فحُجَّ بى على ناضِحِكَ (^٢). قال: ذاكَ نَعتَقِبُه أنا وابنُكِ. قالَت: فبعْ ثَمَرَتَكَ. قال: ذاكَ قوتِى وقوتُكِ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أرسَلَت زَوجَها إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: أقرِئْه السَّلامَ ورَحمَةَ اللَّهِ، وسَلْه: ما يَعدِلُ حَجَّةً مَعَكَ؟ فأتَى زَوجُها النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، امرأتِي تُقرِئُكَ السَّلامَ ورَحمَةَ اللَّهِ، وإِنَّها سألَتنِى أُحِجُّها، فقُلتُ: ما عِندِى ما أُحِجُّكِ عَلَيه. فقالَت: أحِجَّنِى على جَمَلِكَ فُلانٍ. قُلتُ: ذَلِكَ حَبيسٌ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَو كُنتَ أحجَجْتَها\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥٠١.\n(^٢) قال ابن بطال ٤/ ٤٣٨: الناضح البعير أو الثور أو الحمار يربط به الرشاء يجره فيخرج المغرب. ويقال لها أيضًا: السانية. وينظر فتح البارى لابن حجر ٣/ ٤٠٦.","vol":"12","page":277},{"text":"عَلَيه كان في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قالَت: فأحِجَّنِى على ناضِحِكَ. فقُلتُ: ذاكَ نَعتَقِبُه أنا وابنُكِ. قالَت: فبِع ثَمَرَتَكَ. فضحِكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن حِرصِها على الحَجَّ، وقالَ إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في حَديثِه: فضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عَجَبًا مِن حِرصِها على الحَجِّ. قال: فإِنَّها أمَرَتنِى أن أسألَكَ: ما يَعدِلُ حَجَّةً مَعَكَ؟ قال: \"أقرِئْها السَّلامَ ورَحمَةَ اللَّهِ، وأخبِرْها أنَّهُا تَعدِلُ حَجَّة مَعِى عُمرَةٌ في رَمَضانَ\". قال القاضى (^١): هَكَذا رَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ عن بكرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢). وزادَ هِشامٌ في إسنادِه رَجُلًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2653>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ في الأقرَبينَ</span>\n\n١٢٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِى مالكٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان أبو طَلحَةَ أكثَرَ أنصارِىٍّ بالمَدينَةِ مالًا مِن نَخلٍ، وكانَت (^٣) أحَبُّ أموالَه إلَيه بئرًا تُسَمَّى بَيرَحاءَ (^٤)، وكانَت مُستَقبِلَةَ المَسجِدِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدخُلُها ويَشرَبُ مِن ماءٍ كان فيها طيِّبٍ. قال أنَسٌ: فلَمّا نَزَلَت\n_________\n(^١) هو القاضى إسماعيل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٩٠) عن مسدد به. وابن خزيمة (٣٠٧٧) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٣) في س، ز: \"كان\".\n(^٤) قال النووى: اختلفوا في ضبط هذه اللفظة على أوجه؛ قال القاضى: روينا هذه اللفظة عن شيوخنا بفتح الراء وضمها مع كسر الباء، وبفتح الباء والراء، قال الباجى: قرأت هذه اللفظة على أبى ذر الهروى بفتح الراء على كلّ حال. قال: وعليه أدركت أهل العلم والحفظ بالمشرف. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٨٤. وينظر إكمال المعلم ٣/ ٢٧٣، والمنتقى شرح الموطأ ٤/ ٤٦٧.","vol":"12","page":278},{"text":"هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٢]. قامَ أبو طَلحَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾. وإِنَّ أحَبَّ أموالى (^١) إلَيَّ بَيرَحاءُ، وإِنَّها صَدَقَةٌ للهِ أرجو برَّها وذُخرَها عِندَ اللَّهِ، فضَعْها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ حَيثُ أراكَ اللَّهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَلِكَ مالٌ رائحٌ وقَد سَمِعتُ ما قُلتَ، وِإنِّى أرَى أن تَجعَلَها في الأقرَبينَ\"، قال أبو طَلحَةَ: أفعَلُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقَسَمَها أبو طَلحَةَ في أقارِبِه وبَنِى عَمِّه (^٢). قال إسماعيلُ: يَعنِى بالمالِ الرّائحِ؛ الَّذِى يَغدو بخَيرٍ ويَروحُ بخَيرٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فضَعْها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ حَيثُ شِئتَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَخْ! ذَلِكَ مالٌ رائحٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"مالى\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٩٥، وعنده: \"مال رابح\" مرتين، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٤٣٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٦٦)، وإبن حبان (٣٣٤٠، ٧١٨٢). وسيأتى في (١٢٧٣٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٥٤)، ومسلم (٩٩٨/ ٤٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٢٣١٨) عن يحيى بن يحيى به. وسيأتى في (١٢٧٣٣).","vol":"12","page":279},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ سالِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بَهزٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمَّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾. قال أبو طَلحَةَ: أُرَى رَبَّنا يَسألُنا مِن أموالِنا، فأُشهِدُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنِّى قَد جَعَلتُ أرضِى بَريحاءَ (^١) للهِ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلْها في قَرابَتِكَ\". قال: فجَعَلَها في حَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٤٦ - وقالَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ - ﵁ - فيما يَحتَجُّ به على الأنصارِ يَومَ السَّقيفَةِ: بَعَثَ اللهُ محمدًا - ﷺ - بالهُدَى ودينِ الحَقِّ، فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الإِسلامِ، فأخَذَ اللهُ بقُلوبِنا ونَواصينا إلَى ما دَعا إلَيه، وكُنَّا مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ أوَّلَ النّاسِ إسلامًا، ونَحنُ عَشيرَتُه وأقارِبُه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"بيرحاء\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٦٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٦٠) من طريق بهز به. وأحمد (١٤٠٣٦) من طريق حماد به. وسيأتى في (١٢٧٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٩٨/ ٤٣).","vol":"12","page":280},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ. فذَكَراه عن أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -. زادَ موسَى في رِوايَتِه: وذَوو (^١) رَحِمِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2654>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ في ولَدِ البَنيَن والبَناتِ، ومَن يَتَناوَلُه اسمُ الوَلَدِ والابنِ مِنهُم</span>\n\n١٢٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ، فأقبَلَ الحَسَنُ والحُسَينُ وعَلَيهِما قَميصانِ أحمَرانِ؛ يَعثُرانِ ويَقومانِ، فلَمّا رآهُما نَزَلَ فأخَذَهُما، ثُمَّ صَعِد فوضَعَهُما (^٢) في حَجرِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"صَدَقَ اللَّهُ: ﴿إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ [التغابن: ١٥]. رأيتُ هَذَينِ فَلَم أصبِرْ حَتَّى أخَذتُهُما\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبى موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرَةَ يقولُ: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ ومَعَه الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، وهو يَنظُرُ إلَيه مَرَّةً وإِلَى النّاسِ مَرَّةً وهو يقولُ: \"إنَّ ابنِى هذا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥، م: \"ذو\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، ز: \"فوقهما\"، ونى م: \"فوضعها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٩٥)، وأبو داود (١١٠٩)، وابن ماجة (٣٦٠٠)، وابن خزيمة عقب (١٤٥٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٣٨) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وتقدم في (٥٨٨٥).","vol":"12","page":281},{"text":"سَيدٌ، ولَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أن يُصلِحَ به بَينَ فِئتَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ ابنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَي، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن هانِئ بنِ هانِئ، عن عليٍّ قال: لَمَّا وُلِدَ الحَسَنُ سَمَّيتُه حَربًا، فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أرونِى ابنِي، ما سَمَّيتُموه؟ \". فقُلتُ: حَربًا. فقالَ: \"بَل هو حَسَنٌ\". ثُمَّ وُلِدَ الحُسَينُ فسَمَّيتُه حَربًا، فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أرونِى ابنِي، ما سَمِّيتُموه؟ \". فقُلتُ: حَربًا. قال: \"بَل هو حُسَينٌ\". فلَمّا وُلِدَ الثالِثُ سَمَّيتُه حَربًا، فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُراه فقالَ: \"أرونِي ابنِي، ما سَمِّيتُموه؟ \". قُلتُ: حَربًا. قال: \"بَل هو مُحَسِّنٌ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"سَمِّيتُهُم بأسماءِ ولَدِ هارونَ؛ شَبَّرٍ وشَبيرٍ ومُشَبِّرٍ\" (^٣).\nرَواه يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ عن أبيه وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"إنِّى سَمِّيتُ بَنِيَّ هَؤُلاءِ بتَسميَةِ هارونَ بَنيه\" (^٤). وروِى في هذا المَعنَى أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٩٢)، والنسائي (١٤٠٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٤٦٦٢)، والترمذى (٣٧٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٨٠)، وابن حبان (٦٩٦٤) من طريق الحسن به. وسيأتى في (١٣٥٢٠، ١٦٧٨٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٠٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٥٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (٧٦٩) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٣٥٢١).","vol":"12","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2655>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ في العِترَةِ</span>\nقال القُتَيبِيُّ: هِى لِوَلَدِه ووَلَدِ ولَدِه؛ الذُّكورِ والإِناثِ، وَلِعَشيرَتِهِ الأدنينَ، يَدُلُّكَ على ذَلِكَ قَولُ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -: نَحنُ عِترَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - التى خَرَجَ مِنها، وبَيضَتُه التى تَفَقّأت عَنه (^١).\n\n١٢٠٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زُرارَةَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَربٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هاشِمُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ هاشِمٍ المُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو دَغفَلٍ الهُجَيمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مَعقِلَ بنَ يَسارٍ المُزَنِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ يقولُ: عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ عِترَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). في هذا الإِسنادِ بَعضُ مَنْ يُجهَلُ. ويُذكَرُ عن أبى بكرٍ أنَّه قال يَومَ السَّقيفَةِ: نَحنُ عِترَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2656>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ في الذُّرّيَّةِ ومَن يَتَناوَلُه اسمُ الذُّرّيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٥١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّحوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: دَخَلَ يَحيَى بنُ يَعمَرَ على الحَجّاجِ (ح). وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ خالِدٍ الهاشِمِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ إسحاقَ التَّميمِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٣٤٤ من طريق إسماعيل بن عبد الله به.","vol":"12","page":283},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ النَّحَّاسُ، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بنُ موسَى الطَّلحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ ابنُ بَهدَلَةَ قال: اجتَمَعوا عِندَ الحَجَّاجِ، فذُكِرَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ فقالَ الحَجَّاجُ: لَم يَكُنْ مِن ذُرّيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. وعِندَه يَحيَى بنُ يَعمَرَ فقالَ له: كَذَبتَ أيُّها الأميرُ. فقالَ: لَتأتيَنِّى على ما قُلتَ ببَيِّنَةٍ مِن مِصداقٍ مِن كِتابِ اللَّه أو لأقتُلَنَّكَ. قال: ﴿وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَى وَهَارُونَ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَى وَعِيسَى﴾ [الأنعام: ٨٤، ٨٥]. فأخبَرَ الله ﷿ أن عيسَى مِن ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ بأُمِّه، والحُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ مِن ذُرِّيَّةِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - بأُمِّه. قال: صَدَقتَ، فما حَمَلَكَ على تَكذيبِى في مَجلِسِى؟ قال: ما أخَذَ اللَّهُ على الأنبياءِ: ﴿لَتُبَيِّنُنَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَكْتُمُونَهُ﴾. قال الله ﷿: ﴿فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَاشْتَرَوْا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٧]. قال: فنَفاه إلَى خُراسانَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2657>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ على ما شَرَطَ الواقِفُ مِنَ الأثَرَة والتَّقدِمَةِ والتَّسويَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَكما سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن وليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"المُسلِمونَ على شُروطِهِم\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٦٤، ١٦٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٩٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٦٣): حسن صحيح.","vol":"12","page":284},{"text":"١٢٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يوسُفَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أن الزُّبَيرَ جَعَلَ دورَه صدَقَةً، قال: ولِلمَردودَةِ مِن بَناتِه أن تَسكُنَ غَيرَ مُضِرَّةٍ ولا مُضَرٍّ بها، فإِنِ استَغنَت بزَوجٍ فلا شَئَ لَها (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِيُّ: المَردودَةُ المُطَلَّقَةُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2658>بابُ اتِّخاذِ المَسجِدِ والسِّقاياتِ وغَيِرها</span>\n\n١٢٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هَمّامٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرٍوأن بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه أن عاصِمَ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ الخَولانِيَّ يَذكُرُ أنَّه سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ عِندَ قَولِ النّاسِ فيه حينَ بَنَى مَسجِدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّكُم قَد أكثَرتُم، وإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن بَنَى للهِ مَسجِدًا\" - قال بُكَيرٌ: أحسِبُه قال: \"يَبْتَغِى به وجهَ اللَّهِ\" -\"بَنَى اللَّهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٧٦. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢٠٩) من طريق هشام بن عروة من قوله. وتقدم في (١٢٠٢٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٣٤٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٠)، مسلم (٥٣٣/ ٢٤).","vol":"12","page":285},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ قال: لَمَّا أرادَ عثمانُ أن يَبنيَ المَسجِدَ، كَرِهَ النّاسُ ذَلِكَ وأرادوا أن يَدَعَه، فقالَ عثمانُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن بَنَى مَسجِدًا للهِ بَنَى اللهُ له بَيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الفَزارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنِي أبي، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن عثمانَ حَيثُ حوصِرَ أشرَفَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: أنشُدُكُمُ اللهَ، ولا أنشُدُ إلَّا أصحابَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، تَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن حَفَرَ بئرَ رُومَةَ فلَه الجَنَّةُ\" فحَفَرتُها؟ ألَستُم تَعلَمونَ أنَّه قال: \"مَن جَهَّزَ جَيشَ العُسرَةِ فلَه الجَنَّةُ\" فجَهَّزتُهُم؟ فصدَّقوه بما قالَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عيدانَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبِي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيْسَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٣٤٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٣٣/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٩٩ من طريق عبدان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٧٨).","vol":"12","page":286},{"text":"أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: لَمّا حُصرَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ وأُحيطَ بدارِه، أشرَفَ على النّاسِ فقالَ: أنشُدُكُم باللَّهِ، هَل تَعلَمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان على جَبَلِ حِراءَ فقالَ: \"اسكُنْ حِراءُ، فما عَلَيكَ إلَّا نَبِيٌّ أو صِدّيقٌ أو شَهيدٌ\"؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. قال: أنشُدُكُم باللَّهِ، هَل تَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال في غَزوَةِ العُسرَةِ: \"مَن يُنفِقُ نَفَقَة مُتَقَبَّلَةً؟ \". والناسُ يَومَئذٍ مُعسِرونَ مَجهودونَ، فجَهَّزتُ ثُلُثَ ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ مِن مالِى؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال: أنشُدُكُم باللَّهِ، هَل تَعلَمونَ أن رُومَةَ لَم يَكُنْ يَشرَبُ مِنها أحَدٌ إلَّا بثَمَنٍ، فابتَعتُها بمالِي فجَعَلتُها لِلغَنِىِّ والفَقيرِ وابنِ السَّبيلِ؟ قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. في أشياءَ عَدَّدَها (^١).\n\n١٢٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّباحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُصَينٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ جاوانَ، عن الأحنَفِ ابنِ قَيسٍ في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: جاءَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ فقالَ: أههنا علىٌّ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: أههُنا طَلحَةُ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: أههُنا الزُّبَيرُ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: أههُنا سَعدٌ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: نَشَدتكُم باللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو، أتَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن يَبْتاعُ مِربَدَ بَنِى فُلانٍ؟ غَفَرَ الله له\". فابتَعتُه - قال: أحسِبُ أنَّه قال: بعِشرينَ أو بخَمسَةٍ وعِشرينَ ألفًا - فأتيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٦٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٩١)، وابن حبان (٦٩١٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. والنسائي (٣٦١٢) من طريق ابن أبى أنيسة به.","vol":"12","page":287},{"text":"فقُلتُ: قَدِ ابتَعتُه. قال: \"اجعَلْه في مَسجِدِنا، وأجرُه لَكَ\"؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: نَشَدتكُم باللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو، أتَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن يبْتَاعُ بئرَ رُومَةَ؟ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ له\". فابتَعتُها بكَذا وكَذا، فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: إنِّى ابتَعتُ بئرَ رُومَةَ. قال: \"اجعَلْها سِقايَةً لِلمُسلِمينَ، وأجرُها لَكَ\"؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: نَشَدتكُم باللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو، تَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَظَرَ في وُجوه القَومِ يَومَ جَيشِ العُسرَةِ فقالَ: \"مَن يُجَهِّزُ هَؤُلاءِ؟ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ له\". فجَهَّزتُهُم حَتَّى ما يَفقِدونَ خِطامًا ولا عِقالًا؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى الحَجَّاجِ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الجُرَيرِيَّ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ حَزنٍ القُشَيرِيِّ قال: شَهِدتُ الدَّارَ، وأشرَفَ عَلَيهِم عثمانُ فقالَ: أنشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ (^٢) والإِسلامَ، هَل تَعلَمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ وَلَيسَ فيها ماءٌ يُستَعذَبُ غَيرَ بئرِ رُومَةَ فقالَ: \"مَن يَشتَرِى بئرَ رُومَةَ، فيَكونَ دَلوُه فيها مَعَ دِلاءِ المُسلِمينَ بخَيرٍ له مِنها في الجَنَّةِ؟ \". فاشتَرَيتُها مِن صُلبِ مالِي؟ فأنتُمُ اليَومَ تَمنَعونَنى أن أشرَبَ مِنها حَتَّى أشرَبَ مِن ماءِ البحرِ. قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥١١) من طريق أبى عوانة به. والنسائي (٣١٨٢، ٣٦٠٨، ٣٦٠٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٧)، وابن حبان (٦٩٢٠) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.","vol":"12","page":288},{"text":"أنشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ والإِسلامَ، هَل تَعلَمونَ أن المَسجِدَ كان ضاقَ بأهلِه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يَشتَرِى بُقعَةَ آلِ فُلانٍ بخَيرٍ له مِنها في الجَنَّةِ؟ \" فاشتَرَيتُها مِن مالِى - أو قال: مِن صُلبِ مالِى - فزِدتُها في المَسجِدِ؟ فأنتُمُ اليَومَ تَمنَعونَنِى أن أُصَلِّى فيها. قالوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في تَجهيزِ جَيشِ العُسرَةِ وقِصَّةِ ثَبيرٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ (^٢) المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ الجَرّاحِ الغَزِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن شُعَيبِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ وغَيرِه، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: لَمّا أرادَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أن يَزيدَ في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَعَت زيادَتُه على دارِ العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ -، فأرادَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يُدخِلَها في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويُعَوِّضَه مِنها فأبَى وقالَ: قَطيعَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فاختَلَفا فجَعَلا بَينَهُما أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ، فأتَياه في مَنزِلِه وكانَ يُسَمَّى سَيِّدَ المُسلِمينَ، فأمَرَ لَهُما بوِسادَةٍ فأُلقيَت لَهُما فجَلَسا عَلَيها بَينَ يَدَيه، فذَكَرَ عُمَرُ ما أرادَ، وذَكَرَ العباسُ قَطيعَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ أُبَيٌّ: إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ أمَرَ عبدَه ونَبيِّه داودَ ﵇ أن يَبنِى له بَيتًا، قال: أىْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٧٠٣)، والنسائي (٣٦١٠) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به، وقال الترمذى: حسن. وابن خزيمة (٢٤٩٢) من طريق أبى مسعود به.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"12","page":289},{"text":"رَبِّ، وأينَ هذا البَيتُ؟ قال: حَيثُ تَرَى المَلَكَ شاهِرًا سَيفَه. فرآه على الصَّخْرَةِ، وإِذا ما هُناكَ يَومَئذٍ أندَرٌ لِغُلامٍ مِن بَنى إسرائيلَ، فأتاه داودُ فقالَ: إنِّى قَد أُمِرتُ أن أبنِى هذا المَكانَ بَيتًا للهِ ﷿. فقالَ له الفَتَى: اللهُ أمَرَكَ أن تأخُذَها مِنِّى بغَيرِ رِضاىَ؟ قال: لا. فأوحَى اللهُ إلَى داودَ ﵇: إنِّى قَد جَعَلتُ في يَدِكَ خَزائنَ الأرضِ فأرضِه. فأتاه داودُ فقالَ: إنِّى قَد أُمِرتُ برِضاكَ، فلَكَ بها قِنطارٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ. قال: قَد قَبِلتُ يا داودُ، هِى خَيرٌ أمِ القِنطارُ؟ قال: بَل هِى خَيرٌ. قال: فأرضِنِى. قال: فلَكَ بها ثَلاثُ قَناطيرَ. قال: فلَم يَزَلْ يُشَدِّدُ على داودَ حَتَّى رَضِى مِنه بتِسعِ قَناطيرَ. قال العباسُ: اللَّهُمَّ لا آخُذُ لَها ثَوابًا، وقَد تَصَدَّقْتُ بها على جَماعَةِ المُسلِمينَ. فقَبِلَها عُمَرُ مِنه، فأدخَلَها في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٢٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ كامِلٍ العَطَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَت لِلعباسِ دارٌ إلَى جَنبِ المَسجِدِ في المَدينَةِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ: بعْنيها أو هَبْها لِي حَتَّى أُدخِلَها في المَسجِدِ. فأبَى فقالَ: اجعَلْ بَينِى وبَينَكَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فجَعَلا بَينَهُما أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ، فقَضَى لِلعباسِ على عُمَرَ فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أجرأُ عليَّ مِنكَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٣٦٨ من طريق المصنّف به.","vol":"12","page":290},{"text":"فقالَ أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ: أو أنصَحُ لَكَ مِنِّى؟ ثُمَّ قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أما بَلَغَكَ حَديثُ داودَ أنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أمَرَه ببِناءِ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، فأدخَلَ فيه بَيتَ امرأةٍ بغَيرِ إذنِها، فلَمّا بَلَغَ حُجَزَ الرِّجالِ مَنَعَه اللهُ بناءَه، قال داودُ: أىْ رَبِّ، إن مَنَعتَنِى بناءَهَ فاجعَلْه في خَلَفِى. فقالَ العباسُ: ألَيسَ قَد قَضَيتَ لِي بها وصارَت لِى؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: فإِنِّى أُشهِدُكَ أنِّى قَد جَعَلتُها لِلَّهِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥١٢. وفيه: حجر الرجال. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٦/ ٣٦٧ من طريق المصنّف به.","vol":"12","page":291},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2659>كتابُ الهِبَاتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2660>بابُ التَّحريضِ على الهِبَةِ والهَديَّةِ صِلَةً بَينَ النّاسِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الباقَرْحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا نِساءَ المُسلِماتِ، لا تَحقِرَنَّ جَارَةٌ لِجارَتِها ولَو فِرْسِنَ شاةٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عاصِمِ بنِ عليٍّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال (^٣) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو أُهدِى إِلَيَّ ذِراعٌ لَقَبِلتُ، ولَو دُعيتُ إلَى كُراعٍ لأجَبتُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٨) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٨٢٢، ١١٤٤١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥٦٦)، ومسلم (١٠٣٠/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، ز.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢١٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٨٥) عن وكيع به. وابن حبان (٥٢٩١) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١٤٧٠٧).","vol":"12","page":293},{"text":"شُعبَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ أنَّها كانَت تَقولُ: واللهِ يا ابنَ أُختِي، إن كُنَّا لَنَنظُرُ إلَى الهِلالِ، ثُمَّ الهِلالِ، ثُمَّ الهِلالِ، ثَلاثَةَ أهِلَّةٍ في شَهرَينِ، وما أوقِدَت في أبياتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نارٌ. قال: قُلتُ: يا خالَةُ، ما كان يُعيشُكُم؟ قالَت: الأسوَدانِ؛ التَّمرُ والماءُ، إلَّا أنَّه قَد كان لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - جيرانٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكانَت لَهُم مَنائحُ (^٣)، فكانوا يُرسِلونَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن ألبانِها فيَسقيناه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ أبى حازِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n\n١٢٠٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النّاسُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٢١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٠٩) من طريق شعبة به. وعند النسائي: سفيان. بدلا من: سليمان. وينظر التحفة (١٣٤٠٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦٨).\n(^٣) المنائح. جمع منيحة: وهي ناقة أو شاة تعطيها غيرك ليحتلبها أو ينتفع بها ثم يردها عليك. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣٤٨) من طريق ابن أبى حازم به. وسيأتى في (١٣٤٤١).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٥٦٧، ٦٤٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٩٧٢/ ٢٨).","vol":"12","page":294},{"text":"يَتَحَرَّونَ بهَداياهُم يَومَ عائشةَ يَبتَغونَ بذَلِكَ مَرضاةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى عن عبدَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن عبدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ كان اسمُه زاهِرَ بنَ حَرْامٍ. قال: كان يُهدِى لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - الهَديَّةَ مِنَ الباديَةِ، فيُجهِّزُه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يَخرُجَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ زاهِرًا باديَتُنا، ونَحنُ حاضِرُوه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو أُهدِى إلَيَّ كُراعٌ لَقَبِلتُ، ولَو دُعيتُ إلَى ذِراعٍ (^٤) لأجَبتُ\". وكانَ يأمُرُنا بالهَديَّةِ صِلَةً بَينَ النّاسِ وقالَ: \"لَو قَد أسلَمَ النّاسُ قد تَهادَوْا مِن غَيرِ جوعٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق بن راهويه (٨٠٩)، وعنه النسائي (٣٩٦١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٧٤)، ومسلم (٢٤٤١/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٤٨)، والترمذى في الشمائل (٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٩٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"كلاهما كراع في ص والثانى في خ ر: ذراع\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٧٧)، والترمذى (١٣٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٩٢) من طريق قتادة مقتصرين =","vol":"12","page":295},{"text":"١٢٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحيرِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ضِمامُ بنُ إسماعيلَ المِصرِىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ وردانَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَهادَوا تَحابُّوا\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنَ محمدٍ العَنبَرِيِّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِيَّ يقولُ في قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"تَهادَوا تَحابُّوا\". بالتَّشديدِ مِنَ المَحَبَّةِ، وإِذا قال بالتَّخفيفِ، فإِنَّه مِنَ المُحاباةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2661>بابُ شَرطِ القَبضِ في الهِبَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُما مِن أهلِ العِلمِ أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَهُم عن عُروةَ\n_________\n= على الشطر الأول. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٨٩٧٦)، وفى الآداب (١٠٠). وأخرجه الدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (١١٤٨) من طريق محمد بن بكير به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٥٩٤)، وأبو يعلى (٦١٤٨) من طريق ضمام به.\n(^٢) الحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٨٠.","vol":"12","page":296},{"text":"ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ نَحَلَها جِدادَ عِشرينَ وَسْقًا مِن مالٍ بالغابَةِ (^١)، فلَمّا حَضَرَته الوَفاةُ قال: واللَّهِ يا بُنَيَّةُ ما مِنَ النّاسِ أحَدٌ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ غِنًى بَعْدِى مِنكِ، ولا أعَزَّ عليَّ فقرًا بَعدِى مِنكِ، وإِنِّى كُنتُ نَحَلتُكِ مِن مالِى جِدادَ عِشرينَ وسْقًا، فلَو كُنتِ جَدَدتِيه واحتَزتِيه كان لَكِ ذَلِكِ، وإِنَّما هو مالُ الوارِثِ، وإِنَّما هو أخَواكِ وأُختاكِ، فاقتَسِموه على كِتابِ اللَّهِ. فقالَت: يا أبتِ واللَّهِ لَو كان كَذا وكَذا لَتَرَكتُه، إنَّما هو أسماءُ، فمَنِ الأُخرَى؟ قال: ذو بَطنِ بنتِ خارِجَةَ، أُراها جاريَةً (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٧١ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ بذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٠٧٢ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَنظَلَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يُحَدِّثُ بذَلِكَ أيضًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: أرضًا يُقالُ لَها: ثَمرُدُ، وكانَت عِندَه لَم تَقبِضْها.\n\n١٢٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِنهُم مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بن الخطابِ أنَّه قال: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَنحَلونَ أبناءَهُم\n_________\n(^١) الغابة: موضع قرب المدينة من ناحية الشام فيه أموال لأهل المدينة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٦٧.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢١٩٦)، ومالك ٢/ ٧٥٢. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٨٨ من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتى (١٢١٣١،١٢٦١٧).","vol":"12","page":297},{"text":"نِحَلًا ثُمَّ يُمسِكونَها، فإِن ماتَ ابنُ أحَدِهِم قال: مالِى بيَدِى لَم أُعطِه أحَدًا. وإِن ماتَ هو قال: قَد كُنتُ أعطَيتُه إيَّاه. مَن نَحَلَ نِحلَةً لَم يَحُزْها الَّذِى نُحِلَها حَتَّى تَكونَ إن ماتَ لِوارِثِه، فهِى باطِلٌ (^١).\n\n١٢٠٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ السَّبَّاقِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِيَّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بذَلِكَ.\n\n١٢٠٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: الأنحالُ ميراثٌ ما لَم تُقبَضْ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن عثمانَ وابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ أنَّهُم قالوا: لا تَجوزُ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى تُقبَضَ.\nوعن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ وشُرَيحٍ أنَهُما كانا لا يُجيزانِها حَتَّى تُقبَضَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٧٥٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٥٠٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٧٧) من طريق الزهرى بنحوه. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٢٠٧٧).\n(^٢) ذكره في كنز العمال (٤٦٢٣١) عن أبى موسى، وعزاه لعبد الرزاق وابن أبى شيبة، وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٨٤).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٧/ ١٦٧ - ١٦٩.","vol":"12","page":298},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2662>بابٌ: يَقبِضُ لِلطِّفلِ أبوهُ</span>\n\n١٢٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابن أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ (^١) مِنهُم مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُما أن ابنَ شِهابِ أخبَرَهُم عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ أنَّه قال: مَن نَحَلَ ولَدًا له صَغيرًا لَم يَبلُغْ أن يَحوزَ نُحْلَه، فأعلَنَ بها وأشهَدَ عَلَيها، فهِى جائزَةٌ وإِن وَلِيَها أبوه (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَنحَلونَ أولادَهُم نِحلَةً، فإِذا ماتَ أحَدُهُم قال: مالِى في يَدِى. وإِذا ماتَ هو قال: قَد كُنتُ نَحَلتُه ولَدِى. لا نِحلَةّ إلَّا نِحلَةٌ يَحوزُها الوَلَدُ دونَ الوالِدِ، فإِن ماتَ وَرِثَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٧٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّب قال: فشُكِى ذَلِكَ إلَى عثمانَ، فرأى أن الوالِدَ يَحوزُ لِوَلَدِه إذا كانوا صِغارًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥: \"المدينة\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٧٧١.\n(^٣) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٧)، وعنه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٧٧).\n(^٤) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٨)، وعنه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٧٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٥١٠) من =","vol":"12","page":299},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2663>بابُ هِبَةِ ما في يَدَي المَوهوبِ لَهُ</span>\n\n١٢٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فكُنتُ على بَكْرٍ صَعبٍ لِعُمَرَ، وكانَ يَغلِبُنِى فيَتَقَدَّمُ أمامَ القَومِ، فيُؤَخِّرُه عُمَرُ فيَرُدُّه، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِعُمَرَ: \"بعنيه\". فقالَ: هو لَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: بعنيه\". فباعَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: هو لَكَ يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، فاصنَعْ به ما شِئتَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2664>بابُ ما جاءَ في هِبَةِ المُشاعِ</span>\n\n١٢٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا ثابِتُ بنُ محمدٍ العابِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن جابِرِ ينِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهو في المَسجِدِ - أظُنُّه قال: ضُحًى - فقالَ لِى: \"صَلِّهِ أو: صَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\". قال: وكانَ لِي عَلَيه دَينٌ، فقَضانِي وزادَنِي (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ثابِتِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n= طريق الزهري به بنحوه.\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٨٠٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦١٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٥٤٣). وتقدم في (١١٠٤٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٠٣) تعليقًا. وتقدم في (١١٠٤٦).","vol":"12","page":300},{"text":"١٢٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: بعتُ بَعيرًا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فوَزَنَ فأرجَحَ لِي، فما زالَ بَعضُ تِلكَ الدَّراهِمِ مَعِى حَتَّى أُصيبَ (^١) يَومَ الحَرَّةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيُّ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سلمةَ الضَّمْرِىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه، عن البَهْزِىِّ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ يُريدُ مَكَّةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، حَتَّى إذا كان بالرَّوحاءِ إذا حِمارٌ وحشِيٌّ عَقيرٌ، فذُكِرَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"دَعوه؛ فإِنَّه يوشِكُ أن يأتِى صاحِبُه\". فجاءَ البَهزِىُّ وهو صاحِبُه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، شأنَكُم بهَذا الحِمارِ. فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقَسَمَه بَينَ الرِّفاقِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٥، م: \"أصيبت\".\n(^٢) يوم الحرة: وقعة كانت بين جيش أرسله يزيد بن معاوية وبين أهل المدينة، وقد كانت سنة ثلاث وستين. البداية والنهاية ١١/ ٦١٤ - ٦٢٣.\nوالحديث عند الطيالسى (١٨٣١). وتقدم في (١١٢٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٠٤)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ١١٥).","vol":"12","page":301},{"text":"حَتَّى إذا كان بالأُثايَةِ بَينَ الرُّوَيثَةِ والعَرْجِ (^١) إذا ظَبيٌّ حاقِفٌ في ظِلٍّ وفيه سَهمٌ، فزَعَمَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ رَجُلًا يَثبُتُ عِندَه لا يُريبُه (^٢) أحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يُجاوِزَه (^٣).\nورَوَى مسلمٌ البَطينُ أن حُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ ورِثَ مَواريثَ، فتَصَدَّقَ بها قبلَ أن تُقسَمَ فأُجيزَت (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: نَحَلَنِى أنَسٌ نِصفَ دارِه. قال: فقالَ أبو بُردَةَ: إن سَرَّكَ يَجوزُ لَكَ فاقبِضْه؛ فإِنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قَضَى في الأنحالِ (^٥) أن ما قُبِضَ مِنه فهو جائزٌ، وما لَم يُقبَضْ فهو ميراثٌ. قال: فدَعَوتُ يَزيدَ\n_________\n(^١) الأثاية: موضع بطريق الجحفة بينها وبين المدينة ستة وسبعون ميلًا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٧.\nوالرويثة: موضع على لية من المدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٨٧٥.\nالعرج: واد من أودية الحجاز التِّهاية، كان يطؤه طريق الحجاج من مكّة إلى المدينة، جنوب المدينة على (١١٣) كيلًا. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ١٣٩.\n(^٢) لا يريبه: لا يتعرض له ويزعجه. النهاية ٢/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣١٩١)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٥١، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٨١٧)، وابن حبان (٥١١١). وتقدم في (١٠٠٠١) من طريق يحيى.\n(^٤) ينظر مختصر الخلافيات ٣/ ٤٦٢، والصغرى (٢٢٠١).\n(^٥) الأنحال تقدم معناها في (١٢٠٧٥).","vol":"12","page":302},{"text":"الرِّشكَ فقَسَمَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2665>بابُ العُمرَى </span>(^٢)\n\n١٢٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن أبى سلمةَ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أَيُّما رَجُلٍ أعمِرَ عُمرَى له ولِعَقِبِه فإِنَّها لِلَّذِى أُعطِيَها لا تَرجِعُ إلَى الَّذِى أَعطاها؛ لأنَّه أعطَى عَطاءً وقَعَت فيه المَواريثُ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الشَّافِعِىِّ: \"فإِنَّه لِلَّذِى يُعطاها\". والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بنُ أبى يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، بإِسنادِه ومَعناه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شية (٢٠٣٨٤) من طريق همام به، دون قوله: \"فدعوت .. \".\n(^٢) سيأتى تفسير العمرى في (١٢١١٤، ١٢١١٧).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٨٥)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٣، ومالك ٢/ ٧٥٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٥٥٣)، والترمذى (١٣٥٠)، والنسائي (٣٧٤٨)، وابن حبان (٥١٣٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٥٥٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٧٥١) عن طريق يعقوب به.","vol":"12","page":303},{"text":"١٢٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أَعمَرَ رَجُلًا عُمْرَى له ولِعَقِبِه، فقَد قَطَعَ قَولُه حَقَّه فيها، وهِى لِمَن أُعمِرَ ولِعَقِبِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ، غَيرَ أن يَحيَى بنَ يَحيَى قال في أوَّلِ حَديثِه: \"أيُّما رَجُل أُعمِرَ عُمرَى فهو له ولِعَقِبِه\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن اللَّيثِ كما مَضَى.\n\n١٢٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٧٤٧) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجة (٢٣٨٠)، وابن حبان (٥١٣٨) من طريق اليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٢٥/ ٢١).","vol":"12","page":304},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ بنِ الحَكَمِ، [حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ] (^١)، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ عن العُمرَى وَسُنَّتِها، عن حَديثِ أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ أُعمِرَ عُمرَى له ولِعَقِبِه، قال: قَد أعطَيتُكَها وعَقِبَكَ ما بَقِى مِنكُم أحَدٌ. فإِنَّها لِمَن أُعطِيَها، وِإنَّها لا تَرجِعُ إلَى صاحِبِها مِن أجلِ أَنَّه أعطَى عَطاءً وقَعَت فيه المَواريثُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، غَيرَ أن في حَديثِ فَلَيحٍ: \"تَقَعُ فيه المَواريثُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إنَّما العُمرَى التى أجازَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَقولَ: هِى لَكَ ولِعَقِبِكَ. فأمّا إذا قال: هِى لَكَ ما عِشتَ. فإِنَّها تَرجِعُ إلَى صاحِبِها (^٤).\n\n١٢٠٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٣٥٥٤) عن فليح. والحديث عند عبد الرزاق (١٦٨٩٧)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٢٩٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٥٥٥)، وأحمد (١٤١٣١)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٨٨٧).","vol":"12","page":305},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، زادَ: قال مَعمَرٌ: وكانَ الزُّهرِيُّ يُفتِى بهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ موسَي، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى فيمَن أُعمِرَ عُمرَى له ولِعَقِبِه فهو له بَتْلَةً (^٣)، لا يَجوزُ لِلمُعطى فيها شَرطٌ ولا ثُنيا (^٤). قال أبو سلمةَ: لأنَّه أعطَى عَطاءً وقَعَت فيه المَواريثُ، فقَطَعَتِ المَواريثُ شَرطَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ (^٥)، وفِى رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ: \"مَن أُعمِرَ عُمرَى فهِى له ولِعَقِبِه بَتْلًا، لَيسَ لِلمُعطِى فيها شَرطٌ ولا شَيءٌ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ أبى سلمةَ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٣٩) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٣) تقدم معناها في (١٢٠١٩).\n(^٤) الثنيا: كُلّ ما استثنيته. التاج ٣٧/ ٢٩٧ (ث ن ى).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٣٧٥٠) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٧٠٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن مرسى به.\n(^٧) مسلم (٢٤/ ١٦٢٥).","vol":"12","page":306},{"text":"١٢٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبُو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ ابنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالعُمرَى أن يَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ ولِعَقِبِه، ويَستَثنِى: إن حَدَثَ بعَقِبِكَ فهو إلَيَّ وإِلَى عَقِبِي، أنَّها لِمَن أُعطِيَها ولِعَقِبِه (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا عُقَيلٌ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ هَؤُلاءِ (^٢).\nوخالَفَهُمُ الأوزاعِيُّ، فرَواه عن الزُّهرِيِّ كما:\n\n١٢٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ هو ابنُ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أُعمِرَ عُمرَى فهِى له ولِعَقِبِه، يَرِثُها مَن يَرِثُه مِن عَقِبِه\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٠٩٣ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أبى سلمةَ وعُروَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعناه. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الحَوارِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٧٥٢)، وأبو عوانة (٥٧٠١) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٣٥٥٤) عن عقيل.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٧٤٣) من طريق الأوزاعى به.","vol":"12","page":307},{"text":"الوَليدُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن جابِرٍ مُطلَقًا:\n\n١٢٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ البَيروتِيُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ، عن شَيبانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، كِلاهُما عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَى لِمَن وُهِبَت له\". وفِى رِوايَةِ شَيبانَ: قَضى في العُمرَى أَنَّها لِمَن وُهِبَت لَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n١٢٠٩٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٥٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٧٤٥) من طريق الوليد به، وأبو داود (٣٥٥١) من طريق محمد بن شعيب به، وعنده عن عروة وحده، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٣٥).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٧٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٤٣)، والنسائي (٣٧٥٣)، وابن حبان (٥١٣٠) من طريق هشام به. وأحمد (١٥٢٣١) من طريق شيبان به. وأبو داود (٣٥٥٠)، من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٢٥)، ومسلم (١٦٢٥/ ٢٥).","vol":"12","page":308},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (^١)، عن قَتادَةَ، سَمِعَ عَطاءً، عن جابِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُدبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَى جائزَةٌ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ كما:\n\n١٢٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّميمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمسِكوا عَلَيكُم أموالَكُم ولا تُفسِدوها؛ فإِنَّه مَن أعمَرَ عُمرَى فهى (^٤) لِلَّذِى أُعمِرَها حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا ولِعَقِبِه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n\n١٢٠٩٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"شعيب\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٧٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤١٧٤)، والنسائي (٣٧٣٢)، وابن حبان (٥١٢٩) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٢٥/ ٣٠)، والبخاري (٢٦٢٦).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، ز: \"فهو\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤١) من طريق أبى خيثمة زهير به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٦٢٥/ ٢٦).","vol":"12","page":309},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أمسِكوا عَلَيكُم أموالَكُم ولا تُعطوها أحَدًا، فمَن أُعمِرَ شَيئًا فهو له\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرٍ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٠٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الأحرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِىُّ بطُوسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ السَّختِيانيُّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان الأنصارُ يُعمِرونَ المُهاجِرينَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمسِكوا أموالَكُم لا تُعمِروها؛ فإِنَّه مَن أُعمِرَ شَيئًا حَياتَه فإِنَّه لِوَرَثَتِه إذا مَاتَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبدِ الوارِثِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٠٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٧٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٤١) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠١٧)، والنسائي (٣٧٤٠) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"12","page":310},{"text":"قال: أعمَرَتِ امرأةٌ بالمَدينَةِ حائطًا لَها ابنًا لَها، ثُمَّ توُفِّى وتوُفّيَت بَعدَه، وتَرَكَ ولَدًا ولَه إخوَةٌ [بَنونَ لِلمُعمِرَةِ] (^١)، فقالَ ولَدُ المُعمِرَةِ: رَجَعَ الحائطُ إلَينا. وقالَ بَنو المُعمَرِ: بَل كان لأبينا حَياتَه ومَوتَه. فاختَصَموا إلَى طارِقٍ مَولَى عثمانَ، فدَعا جابِرًا، فشَهِدَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالعُمرَى لِصاحِبِها، فقَضَى بذَلِكَ طارِقٌ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عبدِ المَلِكِ فأخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، وأخبَرَ بشَهادَةِ جابِرٍ، قال عبدُ المَلِكِ: صَدَقَ جابِرٌ. فأمضَى ذَلِكَ طارِقٌ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الحائطَ لِبَنِى المُعمَرِ حَتَّى اليَومِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ونَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ الجَهضمِىُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، سَمِعَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ، أن طارِقًا [أميرًا كان] (^٤) بالمَدينَةِ قَضى بالعُمرَى لِلوارِثِ عن قَولِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - \" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٦).\n\n١٢١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بنو المعمرة\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٦٨٨٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨/ ١٦٢٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"كان أميرًا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الحميدى (١٢٥٦)، وأحمد (١٥٠٧٧) عن سفيان به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٩/ ١٦٢٥).","vol":"12","page":311},{"text":"ابنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن طارِقٍ المَكِّي، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في امرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ أعطاها ابنُها حَديقَةً مِن نَخلٍ فماتَت، فقالَ ابنُها: إنَّما أعطَيتُها حَياتَها. ولَه إخوَةٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هِى لها حَياتَها ومَوتَها\". قال: فإِنَّى كُنتُ تَصَدَّقتُ بها عَلَيها. قال: \"ذاكَ (^١) أبْعدُ لَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ ابنِه عنه (^٣). ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٤). وقَد رَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ، وهو مَذكورٌ في هذا البابِ (^٥).\n\n١٢١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٢) مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٦٠٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٥٧).\n(^٤) قال الألباني في الإرواء ٦/ ٥١: \"إنما ضعفه البَيْهَقِيُّ؛ إما لعنعنة حبيب فقد كان مدلسًا، وإما لأنَّ حميد بن قيس الأعرج فيه كلام يسير، فإنه مع توثيق الجماعة له ومنهم أحمد بن حنبل، ومع ذلك فقد قال فيه مرّة: \"ليس هو بالقوى في الحديث\". ا هـ.\nوبالتتبع وجدنا البَيْهَقِيُّ قال عقب (٤٤٧٤): حميد الأعرج ليس بالقوى. والله أعلم.\n(^٥) ينظر الحديث (١٢١٠٦، ١٢١٠٧).","vol":"12","page":312},{"text":"يَعقوبَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُمَرَ الحَوضِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ قال: قال لِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ هِشامٍ: إنَّ هذا لا يَدَعُنا -يَعنِى الزُّهرِىَّ- نأكُلُ شَيئًا إلَّا أمَرَنا أن نَتَوَضّأَ مِنه. قُلتُ: سألتُ عنه سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: إذا أكلْتَه فهو طَيِّبٌ، فلَيسَ عَلَيكَ فيه وُضوءٌ، وإِذا خَرَجَ فهو خَبيثٌ عَلَيكَ فيه الوُضوءُ. فقالَ: ما أَراكُما إلَّا قَدِ اختَلَفتُما، فهَل في البَلَدِ أحَدٌ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم، أقدَمُ رَجُلٍ في جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ. قال: مَن؟ قُلتُ: عَطاءٌ. فأرسَلَ إلَيه فجِئَ به فقالَ: إِنَّ هَذَينِ قَدِ اختَلَفا عليَّ فما تَقولُ؟ قال: حَدَّثَنِي جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّهُم أكَلوا مَعَ أبى بكرٍ خُبزًا ولَحمًا، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. فقالَ لِى: ما تَقولُ في العُمرَى؟ قال: قُلتُ: حَدَّثَنِي النَّضرُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَى جائزَةٌ\". قال: فقالَ الزُّهرِيُّ: إنَّها لا تَكُونُ عُمرَى حَتَّى تُجعَلَ له ولِعَقِبِه. قال: فقالَ لِعَطاءٍ: ما تَقولُ؟ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَى جائِزَةٌ\". قال الزُّهرِيُّ: إنَّ الخُلَفاءَ لا يَقضونَ بذَلِكَ. قال عَطاءٌ: بلى (^١)، قَضَى به عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَرْوانَ في كَذا وكَذا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مُختَصَرًا بالإسنادَينِ دونَ القِصَّةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"بل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٢/ ٣٩٦، ٣٩٧ من طريق المصنّف به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٩٢ من طريق الحوض بشطره الأخير فقط. وأحمد (١٤٩٢٠)، وابن عساكر ٢٢/ ٣٩٦ من طريق همام به. وعند أحمد دون ذكر حديث أبى هريرة ورد الزهرى. والنسائي (٣٧٥٩) من حديث قتادة بشطره الأخير.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٢٦).","vol":"12","page":313},{"text":"١٢١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العُمرَى جائزَةٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن طاوُسٍ، عن حُجْرٍ المَدَرِيِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَعَلَ العُمرَى لِلوارِثِ (^٣).\nتابَعَه ابنُ أبى نَجيحٍ عن طاوُسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٠٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٥٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٥٠)، والنسائي (٣٧٥٧) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٥٤٨) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٢٦/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٩٣)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٨٦)، والنسائي (٣٧٢٥)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٨١) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٥١٣٣) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٣٧١٧) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح عن طاوس عن زيد بلفظ: \"العمرى ميراث\". وأحمد (٢١٦٤٥) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح عن طاوس عن رجل عن زيد بلفظ: \"الرقبى للذى أرقبها، والعمرى للذى أعمرها\".","vol":"12","page":314},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"العُمرَى جائزَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ فقالَ: إنِّى وهَبتُ لابنى ناقَةً حَياتَه، وِإنَّها تَناتَجَت إبِلًا. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: هِى له حَياتَه ومَوتَه. فقالَ: إنِّى تَصَدَّقتُ عَلَيه بها. فقالَ: ذاكَ أبْعدُ لَكَ مِنها (^٢).\n\n١٢١٠٧ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ مِثلَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: أضْنَت واضطَرَبَت (^٣).\nكَذا رُوِى، وقالَ أبو سُلَيمانَ: صَوابُه: ضَنَت. يَعنِى: تَناتَجَت (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا يَدُل على أنَّ الَّذِى رُوِى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ فيما:\n\n١٢١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٥٤) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٣٥٤٩) من طريق همام به. والترمذى (١٣٤٩) من طريق قادة به، وزاد: \"لأهلها أو ميراث لأهلها\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٣٣).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٩٤)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٤. وعندهما: عمرو بن دينار وحميد الأعرج.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٩٥)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٤.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٣٩٢.","vol":"12","page":315},{"text":"عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ ورِثَ حَفصةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ دارَها. قال: وكانَت حَفصَةُ قَد أسكَنَتِ ابنَةَ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ ما عاشَت، فلَمّا توُفّيَتِ ابنَةُ زَيدٍ قَبَضَ عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عُمَرَ المَسكَنَ ورأى أنَّه لَه (^١). ورَدَ (^٢) في العاريَّةِ دونَ العُمرَى، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: حَضَرتُ شُرَيحًا قَضَى لأعمَى بالعُمرَي، فقالَ له الأعمَى: يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ بما قَضَيتَ لِى؟ فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: لَستُ أنا قَضَيتُ لَكَ، ولَكِنْ محمدٌ - ﷺ - قَضَى لَكَ مُنذُ أربَعينَ سنةً قال: \"مَن أُعمِرَ شَيئَا حَياتَه، فهو لِوَرَثَتِه إذا ماتَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢١١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ ومَنصورٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ أن رَجُلًا أعمَرَ رَجُلًا دارًا حَياتَه، فخاصمَه فيها بعدَ ذَلِكَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ، وكانَ الَّذِى أُعمِرَ الدّارَ أعمَي، فقَضَى له شُرَيحٌ بها وقالَ: مَن مُلِّكَ شَيئًا حَياتَه فهو له حَياتَه ومَوتَه. فقالَ المُعمَرُ: كَيفَ قَضيتَ لِي يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ؟ فقالَ: لَستُ أنا قَضَيتُ ولَكِن قَضَى اللَّهُ على لِسانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُنذُ خَمسينَ سنةً: \"مَن مُلِّكَ شَيئًا حَياتَه، فهو له\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ١٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٥٦.\n(^٢) هذا خبر \"إن\" الواردة في كلام المصنّف قبل الحديث.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٩٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٨٨٠) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه. والنسائي (٣٧٥٨) من طريق ابن سيرين بلفظ: \"قضى نبيَّ الله - ﷺ - أن العمرى جانزة\".","vol":"12","page":316},{"text":"ولِوَرَثَتِه بَعدَه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2666>بابُ الرُّقبَى </span>(^٢)\n\n١٢١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أن رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُعمِروا ولا تُرقِبوا، من أُعمِرَ شَيئًا أوأُرقِبَه فهو سَبيلُ الميراثِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"العُمرَى جائزَةٌ لِمَن أُعمِرَها، والرُّقبَى جائزَةٌ لِمَن أُرقِبَها\" (^٤).\n\n١٢١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىُّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سريج بن يونس في القضاء (٩٨) عن هثيم به، بلفظ: \"فهو لورثته\".\n(^٢) سيأتى تفسير الرقبى في (١٢١١٥ - ١٢١١٧).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٧٩٢)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٥٦)، والنسائي (٣٧٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥١٢٧) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٥٤)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٥٥٨)، والترمذى (١٣٥١)، والنسائي (٣٧٤٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٨٣)، وابن حبان (٥١٢٨) من طريق داود به بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٣٩).","vol":"12","page":317},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِي شِبلُ بنُ عَبَّادٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مَعقِلٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن حُجرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أُعمِرَ شَيئًا فهو لِمُعمَرِه مَحياه ومَماتَه، ولا تُرقِبوا، فمَن أُرقِبَ شَيئًا فهو سَبيلُه\". وفِى رِوايَةِ شِبلٍ: \"فهو سَبيلُ الميراثِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2667>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَفسيِر العُمرَى والرُّقْبَى التى ورَدَتَ في الأخبارِ المُطلَقَةِ</span>\n\n١٢١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: تأويلُ العُمرَى أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ للرَّجُلِ: هَذِه الدَّارُ لَكَ عُمُرَكَ. أو يقولَ له: هذه الدَّارُ لَكَ عُمُرِى. قال: وقَد حَدَّثَنِي حَجَّاجٌ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ في تَفسيرِ العُمرَى بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ أو نَحوَه (^٢).\n\n١٢١١٥ - قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وأمَّا الرُّقبَى فإِنَّ ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ حَدَّثَنِي عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ أبى عثمانَ قال: سألتُ أبا الزُّبَيرِ عن الرُّقبَى فقالَ: هو أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ: إن مُتَّ قَبلِى رَجَعَ إلَيَّ، وإِن مُتُّ قَبلَكَ فهو لَكَ (^٢).\n\n١٢١١٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ أيضًا عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٥١) من طريق شبل به. وقال الألباني في صحح أبى داود (٣٠٤٠): حسن صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٧٧.","vol":"12","page":318},{"text":"قَتادَةَ قال: الرُّقبَى أن يَقولَ: كَذا وكَذا لِفُلانٍ، فإِن ماتَ فهو لِفُلانٍ (^١).\n\n١٢١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَي، عن عثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: العُمرَى أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: هو لَكَ ما عِشتَ. فإِذا قال ذَلِكَ فهو له ولِوَرَثَتِهِ. والرُّقبَى أن يَقولَ الإنسانُ: هو لآخِرِ مَن بَقِى مِنِّى ومِنكَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ يَذهَبُ في القَديمِ إلَى ظاهِرِ ما رَواه الزُّهرِيُّ، وهو أن يَجعَلَها له ولِعَقِبِه، فإِن جَعَلَها له ولَم يَذكُرْ عَقِبَه قال في مَوضِعٍ (^٣): هِى باطِلَةٌ. وقالَ في مَوضِعٍ: إذا ماتَ المُعمَرُ رَجَعَت إلَى المُعمِرِ. ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ في الجَديدِ إلَى سائرِ الرِّواياتِ التى دَلَّت على أنَّه إذا جَعَلَها له حَياتَه وسَلَّمَها إلَيه كانَت له ولِعَقِبِه، وهَذا هو المَذهَبُ وكَذَلِكَ في الرُّقبَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٧٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥٦٥).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"آخر\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٦٣، ٦٤.","vol":"12","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2668>جماعُ أبوابِ عَطيَّةِ الرَّجُلِ ولَدَه</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2669>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في التَّسويَةِ بَينَ الأولادِ في العَطيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعن محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ يُحَدِّثانِه عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ أنَّه قال: إن أباه أتَى به رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى نَحَلتُ ابنِى هذا غُلامًا كان لِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أكُلَّ ولَدِكَ نَحَلتَه مِثلَ هذا؟ \". قال: لا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فارجِعْه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٢١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ ابنِ بَشيبر وحُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّهُما سَمِعا النُّعمانَ يقولُ: نَحَلَنِى أبى غُلامًا، فأمَرَتنِى أُمِّى أن أذهَبَ به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأُشهِدَه على ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"أكُلَّ ولَدِكَ أعطَيتَه؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاردُدْه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٧٥١، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣٦٧٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٠٠). وسيأتى عقب (١٢١٣٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥٨٦)، ومسلم (١٦٢٣/ ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٦٦) عن أحمد بن شيبان به. وأحمد (١٨٣٨٢)، والترمذى (١٣٦٧)، =","vol":"12","page":320},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n١٢١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ، حَدَّثَنَا تَيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ وهو على المِنبَرِ: أعطانِي أبى عَطيَّةً، فقالَت له عَمرَةُ بنتُ رَواحَةَ: لا أرضَى حَتَّى تُشهِدَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى أعطَيتُ ابنَ عَمْرَةَ بنتِ رَواحَةَ عَطيَّةً، وأمَرَتنِى أن أُشهِدَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أعطَيتَ سائرَ ولَدِكَ مِثلَ هذا؟ \". قال: لا. ققال: \"فاتّقوا اللَّهَ واعدِلوا بَينَ أولادِكُم\". قال: فَرَجَعَ فرَدَّ عَطيَّتَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن حُصَينٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى نَصرٍ الدارَبَردِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو حَيَّانَ التَّيمِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: سألَت أُمِّى أبى بَعضَ المَوهِبَةِ صد مِن مالِه، فالْتَوَى (^٤) بها سنةً، ثُمَّ بَدا له فوَهَبَها لِى، وإِنَّها\n_________\n= والنسائي (٣٦٧٤)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٧٦)، والدارقطنى (٣/ ٤٢) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. وسيأتى في (١٢١٣٦).\n(^١) مسلم (١١/ ١٦٢٣).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢١٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥١٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٨٦، وأبو عوانة (٥٦٨٩) من طريق حصين به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٨٧)، ومسلم (١٦٢٣/ ١٣).\n(^٤) التوى: أى تثاقل وأخر. حاشية السندى على النسائي (٢٦٨٠).","vol":"12","page":321},{"text":"قالَت: لا أرضَى حَتَّى تُشهِدَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على ما وهَبتَ لابنِى. فأخَذَ بيَدِى وأنا يَومَئذٍ غُلامٌ، فأتَى بى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أُمَّ هذا ابنَةَ رَواحَةَ قاتَلَتنِى مُنذُ سنةٍ على بَعضِ المَوهِبَةِ لابنِى هذا، وقَد بَدا لِى فوَهَبتُها له، وقَد أعجَبَها أن تُشهِدَكَ (^١) يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: فقالَ: \"يا بَشيرُ، ألَكَ ولَدٌ سِوَى ولَدِكَ هذا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فلا تُشهِدْنِى\". أو قال: \"لا أشهَدُ على جَورٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ عن أبى حَبَّانَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"فلا تُشهِدْنِى إذن؛ فإِنِّى لا أَشهَدُ على جَورٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢١٢٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ أن أباه نَحَلَه نُحْلًا، فأرادَ أن يُشهِدَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أكُلَّ ولَدِكَ نَحَلتَ كما نَحَلتَه؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ عَلَيكَ مِنَ الحَقِّ أن تَعدِلَ بَينَ ولَدِكَ كما عَلَيهِم مِنَ الحَقِّ أن يَبِرُوكَ\" (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ مُجالِدٌ بهَذِه اللَّفظَةِ.\n\n١٢١٢٣ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِابنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نشهدك\".\n(^٢) ابن المبارك في مسنده (٢١٢)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥١٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٦٣)،\nوالنسائي (٣٦٨٣) من طريق أبى حيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٥٠)، ومسلم (١٦٢٣/ ١٤).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٨٢٦). وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٢١٢٨).","vol":"12","page":322},{"text":"زُهَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قالَتِ امرأةُ بَشيرٍ: انحَلِ ابنِى غُلامَكَ، وأشهِدْ عَلَيه رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فأتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ ابَنَة فلانٍ سألتنى أن أنحَلَ ابنَها غُلامِي، وقالَت: أشهِدْ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: \"ألَه إخوَةٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فكُلُّهُم أعطَيتَ مِثلَ ما أعطَيتَه؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَيسَ يَصلُحُ هذا، وِإنِّى لا أشهَدُ على جَورٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٢٤ - ورَواه عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ عن زُهَيرٍ بمَعناه، إلَّا: أنَّه قال \"وِإنِّى لا أشهَدُ إلَّا على حَقٍّ\". أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٢١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ (^٤) يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ يَعنى ابنَ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن حاجِبِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ بنِ المُهَلَّبِ بنِ أبى صُفرَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الحديث التالى.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩/ ١٦٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٩٦) من طريق عاصم به. وأحمد (١٤٤٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٤٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٠١) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٤) سقط من: الأصل، ص ٥، م، وهو عبد الله بن يحيى بن عبد الجبار، تقدمت ترجمته في (٢٦).","vol":"12","page":323},{"text":"أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يَخطُبُ: قال (^١) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اعدِلوا بَينَ أولادِكُمُ، اعدِلوا بَينَ أولادِكُم\" (^٢). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ.\n\n١٢١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ ابنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَوّوا بَينَ أولادِكُم في العَطيِّةِ، فلَو كُنتُ مُفَضِّلًا أحَدًا لَفَضَّلتُ النِّساءَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2670>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ أمرَه بالتَّسويةِ بَينَهُم في العَطيِّةِ على الاختيارِ دونَ الإيجابِ</span>\n\n١٢١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رِبعِيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: جاءَ بى أبى يَحمِلُنِى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اشهَدْ أنِّى نَحَلتُ النُّعمانَ مِن مالى كَذا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"يقول\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في شعب الإيمان (٨٦٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٢٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٤٤)، والنسائي (٣٦٨٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٢٨).\n(^٣) سنن سعيد (٢٩٤) بنحوه، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (١١٩٩٧). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٤٥٣ - بغية) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"12","page":324},{"text":"وكَذا. قال: \"كُلَّ بَنيكَ نَحَلتَ مِثلَ الَّذِى نَحَلتَ النُّعمانَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فأشهِدْ على هذا غَيرِي، ألَيسَ يَسُرُّكَ أن يَكونوا إلَيكَ في البِرِّ سَواءً؟ \". قال: بَلَى. قال: \"فلا إذن\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُغيرَةُ عن الشَّعبِيِّ: \"أَلَيسَ يَسُرُّكَ أن يَكونوا لَكَ في البِرِّ واللَّطَفِ سَواءً؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فأشهِدْ على هذا غَيرِى\".\n\n١٢١٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا سَيّارٌ وأخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ وأخبرَنا داودُ عن الشَّعبيِّ، ومجالِدٌ وإسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: نَحَلَنِى أبى نُحْلًا - قال إسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ مِن بَينِ القَومِ: نَحَلَه غُلامًا له - قال: فقالَت له أُمِّى عَمرَةُ بنتُ رَواحَةَ: ائتِ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأشهِدْه. قال: فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: إنِّى نَحَلتُ ابنى النُّعمانَ نُحْلًا، وإِنَّ عَمْرَةَ سألَتنِى أن أُشهدَكَ على ذَلِكَ. قال: فقالَ: \"ألَكَ ولَدٌ سِواهُ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"وكُلَّهُم أعطَيتَ مِثلَ الَّذِى أعطَيتَ النُّعمانَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: فقالَ بَعضُ هَؤُلاءِ المُحَدِّثينَ: \"هذا جَورٌ\". وقالَ بَعضُهُم: \"هذا تَلجِئَةٌ (^٣)، فأشهِدْ على هذا غَيرِى\". قال مُغيرَةُ في حَديثه: \"ألَيسَ يَسُرُّكَ أن يَكونوا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٦٦)، والنسائي (٣٦٨٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٧٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٠٦) من طريق داود به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧/ ١٦٢٣).\n(^٣) التلجئة: تَفْعِلة من الإلجاء، كأنه قد ألجأك إلى أن تأتى أمرًا باطنه خلاف ظاهره، وأحوجك إلى أن تفعل فِعلًا تكرهه. النهاية ٤/ ٢٣٢.","vol":"12","page":325},{"text":"لَكَ في البِرِّ واللَّطَفِ سَواءً؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فأشهِدْ على هذا غَيرِى\". وذَكَرَ مُجالِدٌ في حَديثِه: \"إِنَّ لَهُم عَلَيكَ مِنَ الحَقِّ أن تَعدِلَ بَينَهُم، كما أن لَكَ عَلَيهِم مِنَ الحَقِّ أن لَمْ يَبِرُّوكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ بطولِها قال في آخِرِها: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِنِّى لا أشهَدُ على هذا، هَذا جَورٌ، أشهِدْ على هذا غَيرِي، اعدِلوا بَينَ أولادِكُم في النُّحْلِ كما تُحِبُّون أن يَعدِلوا بَينَكُم في البِرِّ واللَّطَفِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا قاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ عيسَى البِسطامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أزهَرُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: نَحَلَنِى أبى نِحْلَةً، ثُمَّ أتَى بى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُشهِدُه فقالَ: \"أكُلَّ بَنيكَ أعطَيتَه هذا؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أَلَيسَ تُريدُ مِنهُم مِنَ البِرِّ ما تُريدُ مِن هذا؟ \". قال: بَلَى. قال: \"فإِنِّى لا أشهَدُ\". قال ابنُ عَونٍ: فحَدَّثتُه محمدًا - يَعنِى ابنَ سيرينَ - فقالَ: إنَّما تَحَدَّثْنا أنَّه قال: \"قارِبوا بَينَ أَولادِكُم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\".\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٤٢)، وأحمد (١٨٣٧٨). وقال الألباني في صحح أبى داود (٣٠٢٦): صحيح - إلَّا زيادة مجالد: \"إن لهم ... \" وتقدم في (١٢١٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٢٣) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٥١٠٤) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٧٦) من طريق أزهر به.","vol":"12","page":326},{"text":"عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِىِّ عن أزهَرَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَد فضَّلَ أبو بكرٍ عائشةَ بنُحْلٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا فيما:\n\n١٢١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشةَ قالَت: كان أبو بكرٍ نَحَلَنى جِدادَ عِشرينَ وسْقًا مِن مالِه، فلَمّا حَضرَته الوَفاةُ جَلَسَ فاحتَبَي، ثُمَّ تَشهَّدَ ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ أىْ بُنَيَّةُ، إنَّ أحَبَّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ غِنًى بَعدِى لأنتِ، وإِنِّى كُنتُ نَحَلتُكِ جِدادَ عِشرينَ وسْقًا مِن مالِى فوَدِدتُ واللهِ أنَّكِ كُنتِ حُزتِيه واجتَدَدتِيه، ولَكِن إنَّما هو اليَومَ مالُ الوارِثِ، وإِنَّما هو أخَواكِ (^٣) وأُختاكِ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا أبَتاه، هذه أسماءُ فمَنِ الأُخرَى؟ قال: ذو بَطنِ ابنَةِ (^٤) خارِجَةَ، أُراه جاريَةً. قالَت: فقُلتُ: لَو أعطَيتَنِى ما بَينَ (^٥) كَذا إلَى كَذا لَرَدَدتُه إلَيكَ (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وفَضَّلَ عُمَرُ عاصِم بنَ عُمَرَ بشَئٍ أعطاه إيّاه، وفَضَّلَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨/ ١٦٢٣).\n(^٢) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٦٢.\n(^٣) في ز: \"أخوك\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ابنته\". وقد تقدم في (١٢٠٧٠) وفيه: \"بنت\".\n(^٥) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"هو\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٢٠٧٠).","vol":"12","page":327},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ ولَدَ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ (^١).\n\n١٢١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ قَطَعَ ثَلاثَةَ أرؤُسٍ أوأربَعَةً لِبَعضِ ولَدِه دونَ بَعضٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٣٣ - قال بُكَيرٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِيُّ أنَّه انطَلَقَ هو وابنُ عُمَرَ حَتَّى أتَوا رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ، فساوَموه بأرضٍ له فاشتَراها مِنه، فأتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى رأيتُ أنَّكَ اشتَرَيتَ أرضًا وتَصدَّقتَ بها. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: فإِنَّ هذه الأرضَ لابنِى واقِدٍ فإِنَّه مِسكينٌ. نَحَلَه إيّاها دونَ ولَدِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٣٤ - قال بُكَيرٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، أن أباه كان يُقطِعُ ولَدَه دونَ بَعضٍ.\n\n١٢١٣٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيُّوبَ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ ذِى مالٍ أحَقُّ بمالِه\". قال ابنُ وهبٍ: \"يَصنَعُ به ما شاءَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٦٢.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ١٠/ ١١٦ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) ذكره ابن ماكولا في تهذيب مستمر الأوهام ص ١٠٩ عن القاضى الحيرى (أبى بكر ابن الحسن) به، وابن حزم في المحلى ١٠/ ١١٦ من طريق ابن وهب به. وعندهما: عن محمد بن المنكدر.","vol":"12","page":328},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2671>بابُ رُجوعِ الوالِدِ فيما وهَبَ مِن ولَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٢١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: أتَى أبى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: إنِّى نَحَلتُ ابنِى هذا غُلامًا. قال: \"أكُلَّ بَنيكَ نَحَلتَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاردُدْه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢)، وقَد مَضَى في رِواياتِ مالكٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ في هذا الحديثِ: فقالَ: \"فارجِعْه (^٣) \".\n\n١٢١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ [يَهَبُ لأحَدٍ] (^٤) هِبَة ثُمَّ يَعودُ فيها إلَّا الوالِدَ\" (^٥). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِى مَوصولًا:\n\n١٢١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢١١٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٢٣).\n(^٣) في ص ٥: \"فاردده\". والحديث تقدم في (١٢١١٨).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٦٥٤٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٧٠٦) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به وزاد طرفًا.","vol":"12","page":329},{"text":"يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ قالا: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنبَغِى لأحَدٍ أن يُعطِى عَطيَّةً فيَرجِعَ فيها إلَّا الوالِدَ فيما يُعطيه ولَدَه، ومَثَلُ الَّذِى يُعطِى العَطيَّةَ نُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيها كالكلبِ يأكلُ حَتَّى إذا شَبعَ تقَيَّأ، ثُمَّ عادَ فرَجَعَ في قَيئهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ يُعطِى عَطيَّةً أو يَهَبُ هِبَةً فيَرجِعُ فيها إلَّا الوالِدَ فيما يُعطِى ولَدَه\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَعمَرٍ المِنقَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يَرجِعُ في هِبَتِه إلَّا الوالِدُ، والعائدُ في هِبَتِه كالعائدِ في قَيئِه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١١٩)، والترمذى (١٢٩٩)، والنسائي (٣٦٩٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٧٧) من طريق حسين المعلم مختصرًا ومطولًا. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن جان (٥١٢٣) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٢٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٣٦ من طريق عبد الوارث به.","vol":"12","page":330},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ و(^١) سَعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ عن مَطَرٍ وعامِرٍ الأحوَلِ عن عمرٍو:\n\n١٢١٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الطِّيبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّنِّيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن مَطَرٍ وعامِرٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَرجِعُ الرَّجُلُ في هِبَتِه إلَّا الوالِدَ مِن ولَدِه، والعائدُ في هِبَتِه كالعائدِ في قَيئِه\".\nويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ رَواه مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا؛ فحُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ حُجَّةٌ وعامِرٌ الأحوَلُ ثِقَةٌ.\nورُوِى عن مَطَرٍ وعامِرٍ نَحوُ رِوايَةِ عامِرٍ وحدَه.\nوفيما بَلَغَنا عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ.\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٣ من طريق روح عن سعيد به، وقال عقبه: تابعه إبراهيم بن طهمان وعبد الوارث عن عامر الأحول. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٦٩١)، وعنه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٠٦٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان عن سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وأحمد (٦٧٠٥)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٧٨) من طريق سعيد به. وهو عند ابن ماجة بشطره الأول بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":331},{"text":"أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ قال: كَتَب عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: يَقبِضُ الرَّجُلُ مِن ولَدِه ما أعطاه ما لَم يَمُتْ أو يَستَهلِكْ أو يَقَعْ فيه دَينٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2672>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَحِلُّ لِواهِبٍ أن يَرجِعَ فيما وهَبَ (^٢) إلَّا الوالِدَ فيما وهَبَ لِوَلَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٢١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِواهِبٍ أن يَرجِعَ فيما وهَبَ إلَّا الوالِدَ مِن ولَدِه\" (^٣). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ وقَد رُوِّيناه مَوصولًا:\n\n١٢١٤٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينٌ المُعلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عَباسٍ قالا: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ يُعطِى عَطيَّةً ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيها إلَّا الوالِدَ فيما يُعطِى ولَدَه، ومَثَلُ الَّذِى يُعطِى عَطيَّة ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ فيها مَثَلُ الكَلبِ أكَلَ حَتَّى إذا شَبعَ قاءَ ثُمَّ عادَ فيه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٢٢).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"لأحد\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٠٤)، والشافعى في المسند (٥٨٥). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢١٣٧).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢١٣٨، ١٢١٣٩).","vol":"12","page":332},{"text":"١٢١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العائدُ في هِبَتِه كالكَلبِ يَعودُ في قَيئِه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبانٌ وهَمّامٌ وشُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِيّ أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ وهشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العائدُ في هِبَتِه كالعائدِ في قَيئِه\". زادَ إسماعيلُ: قال هَمّامٌ: قال قَتادَةُ: ولا أعلمُ القَئَ إلَّا حَرامًا (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ ابنِ إبراهيمَ عن هِشامٍ وشُعبَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٧)، والنسائي (٣٦٩٣) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥٨٩)، ومسلم (١٦٢٢/ ٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٣٨) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم عن أبان وهمام وشعبة به. وابن حبان (٥١٢١) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم عن شعبة وهمام به. والطبرانى (١٠٦٩٢) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم عن شعبة وهشام وأبان وهمام به، وقال: وقفه هشام ورفعه الباقون. وأحمد (٢٥٢٩)، والنسائي (٣٦٩٨)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٨٥) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٢٦٤٦، ٣٢٢١) من طريق همام وهشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٢١)، ومسلم (١٦٢٢/ ٧).","vol":"12","page":333},{"text":"١٢١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القُومِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ المُعَدِّلُ، حَدَّثَنَا السُّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"العائدُ في هِبَتِه كالكَلبِ يَعودُ في قَيئِه، لَيْسَ لَنا مَثَلُ السَّوءِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2673>بابُ المُكافأةِ في الهِبَةِ</span>\n\n١٢١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَقبَلُ الهَديَّةَ ويُثيبُ عَلَيها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٤٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً والفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٢)، والترمذى (١٢٩٨)، والنسائي (٣٧٠٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٩١)، وأبو داود (٣٥٣٦)، والترمذى (١٩٠٣) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥٨٥).","vol":"12","page":334},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ أن رَجُلًا أهدَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِقحَةً (^١)، فأثابَه مِنها بسِتِّ بَكَراتٍ (^٢) فتَسَخَطَها الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يَعذِرُنِى مِن فُلانٍ؟ أهدَى إلَيَّ لِقحَةً وكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيها في وجهِ بَعضِ أهلِي، فأثَبتُه مِنها بسِتِّ، بَكَراتٍ فتَسَخَّطَها، فقَد هَمَمتُ واللَّهِ أَلَّا أقبَلَ هَديَّةً إلَّا أن تَكونَ مِن قُرَشِيٍّ أو أنصارِيٍّ أو ثَقَفِيٍّ أَو دَوسِيٍّ\". قال أبو عاصِمٍ: وكانَ أبو هريرةَ دَوسيًّا، ولَكِنَّ هذا في حَديثٍ آخَرَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الفقيهِ، ولَم يَذكُرِ الإمامُ قَولَ أبى عاصِمٍ (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبيه عن أبى هريرةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٢١٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبوأحمدَ إسحاقُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الهاشِمِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن وهَبَ هِبَةً فهوأحَقُّ\n_________\n(^١) اللقْحة: الناقة المرية، وهى التى تمري، أى التى تحلب، وجمعها لقاح. معالم السنن ٢/ ٥٧.\n(^٢) البَكْر بالفتح: الفَتِيُّ من الإبل بمنزلة الغلام من الناس، والأنثى بَكْرة. النهاية ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٦٢، ٦٣ عن أبى عمرو ابن نجيد دون قول أبى عاصم، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\nوالبزار (٨٥٠٧)، وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد (١٥١٨) من طريق أبى عاصم به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٣٧)، والترمذى (٣٩٤٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به، وعند أبى داود باختصار، وقال الترمذى: حسن. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٢١).","vol":"12","page":335},{"text":"بها ما لّم يُثَبْ مِنها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عليُّ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢)، وهو وهْمٌ.\n\n١٢١٥٠ - إنَّما المَحفوظُ عن حَنظَلَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: مَن وهَبَ هِبَةً لِوَجهِ اللهِ فذَلِكَ له، ومَن وهَبَ هِبَةً يُريدُ ثَوابَها فإِنَه يَرجِعُ فيها إن لَم يُرْضَ مِنها. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَنظَلَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ الجُمَحِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ مُجَمَّعٍ كما:\n\n١٢١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٣ من طريق على بن سهل به، وقال: لا يثبت هذا مرفوعًا، والصواب عن ابن عمر عن عمر موقوفًا.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٢٢) عن أبى زكريا وحده. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٨١ من طريق حنظلة به بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":336},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"الواهِبُ أحَقُّ بهِبَتِه ما لَم يُثَبْ\" (^١). وهَذا المَتنُ بهَذا الإِسنادِ أليَقُ. وإِبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ ضَعيفٌ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٢)، وعَمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢١٥٢ - والمَحفوظُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ قال: مَن وهَبَ هِبَةً فلَم يُثَبْ فهوأحَقُّ بهِبَتِه إلَّا لِذِى رَحِمٍ. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). قال البخارىُّ هذا: أصَحُّ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهاشِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا كانَتِ الهِبَةُ لِذِى رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ لَم يَرجِعْ فيها\" (^٥). لَم نَكْتُبْه إلَّا بهَذا الإِسنادِ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٤ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وابن ماجة (٢٣٨٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٤ من طريق إبراهيم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٤٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٢: ضعيف.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٢٤). وذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٧١ عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤٤ عن الصفار به، وقال: انفرد به عبد الله بن جعفر. والحاكم ٢/ ٥٢ من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد الله به، وصححه.","vol":"12","page":337},{"text":"١٢١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاص، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَثَلُ الَّذِى يَستَرِدُّ ما وهَبَ كَمَثَلِ الكَلبِ الَّذِى يَقِئُ ويأكُلُ قَيئَه، فإِذا استَرَدَّ الواهِبُ فليُوَقَّفْ فليُعَرَّفْ (^١) بما استَرَدَّ، ثُمَّ ليُدفَعْ إلَيه ما وَهَبَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ أنَّه سَمِع مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي داودُ بنُ الحُصَين أن أبا غَطَفانَ ابنَ طَريفٍ المُرِّيَّ (^٣) أخبَرَه عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: مَن وهَبَ هِبَةً لِصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ أو على وجهِ صَدَقَةٍ فإِنَّه لا يَرجِعُ فيها، ومَن وهَبَ هِبَةً يُرَى أنَّه إنَّما أرادَ بها الثوابَ فهو على هِبَتِه يَرجِعُ فيها إن لَم يُرْضَ مِنها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فليوقف فليعرف: بالتشديد فيهما والبناء للمجهول، وهناك وجه بالبناء للمعلوم. والمعنى على البناء للمجهول: أنه يوقف ويُنَبَّه على مسألة الهبة وأن العائد في هبته كالكلب يعود في قيئه، وعلى البناء للمعلوم يكون المعنى: أن الواهب يذكر سبب رجوعه. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٣١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٤٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٦٦٢٩) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٢٤): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في النسخ الخطية: \"المزنى\". والمثبت من م وهو الصواب، وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٣١٤، وتوضيح المشتبه ٨/ ١٢٩، والتقريب ٢/ ٤٦١، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٣٥٩.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٨٠٥)، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٤/ ٦١. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٨١ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"12","page":338},{"text":"١٢١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ في كُلِّ عَطيَّةٍ أعطاها ذو طَولٍ: أن لا عِوَضَ فيها ولا ثَوابَ. وقالوا: الثَّوابُ لِمَن كانَت عَطيَّتُه على وجهِ الثَّوابِ أنَّه أحَقُّ بعَطيَّتِه ما لَم يُثَبْ مِنها. وقَضَى بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، وقال عيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ في رِوايَتِه: أحَقُّ بعَطيَّتِه ما لَم يُثَبْ مِنها، وما لَم تَفُتْ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2674>بابُ شُكرِ المَعروفِ</span>\n\n١٢١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِن قَومِي، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أُعطِى عَطاءً فوَجَدَ فليَجْزِ به، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ فليُثْنِ، فمَن أثنَى به فقَد شَكَرَه، ومَن كَتَمَه فقَد كَفَرَه\" (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن شُرَحبيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٥٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الزَّاهِدُ الأصبَهَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ بَحرٍ البَرِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٨١٣). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٢٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٤٨١٣).","vol":"12","page":339},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السَّيلَحِينِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن شُرَحبيلٍ الأنصارِيَّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أوتِى إلَيه مَعروفٌ فوَجَدَ فليُكافِئْه، ومَن لَم يَجِدْ فليُثْنِ به، فإِنَّ مَن أثنَى به فقَد شَكَرَه، ومَن كَتَمَه فقَد كَفَرَه، ومَن تَحَلَّى بما لَم يُعْطَ كان كَلابِسِ ثَوبَى زُورٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٥٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَشكُرُ اللَّهَ مَن لا يَشكُرُ النّاسَ\" (^٢). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطَّانُ وغَيرُه عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَريكٍ العامِرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ الكِندِيِّ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أشكَرُ النّاسِ للهِ أشكرُهُم لِلنَّاسِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١١٤٥) عن السيلحينى به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢١٥) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وابن حبان (٣٤١٥) من طريق شرحبيل بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٣٩)، والترمذى (١٩٠٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٠٧) من طرق عن الربيع بن مسلم به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٨١١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٨/ ٣٨٩ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤٦) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.","vol":"12","page":340},{"text":"١٢١٦١ - أخبرَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَنْصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال المُهاجِرونَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما رأينا مِثلَ قَومٍ قَدِمنا عَلَيهِمُ المَدينَةَ أحسَنَ بَذْلًا مِن كَثيرٍ، ولا أحسَنَ مواساةً مِن قَليلٍ، قَد كَفَونا المُؤنَةَ وأشرَكونا في المَهنَأَ، فقَد خَشينا أن يَكونوا يَذهَبونَ بالأجرِ كُلِّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَلَّا ما أثنَيتُم به عَلَيهِم ودَعَوتُمُ اللَّهَ لهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن المُهاجِرينَ قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ذَهَبَتِ الأنصارُ بالأجرِ كُلِّه. قال: \"لا، ما دَعَوتُمُ اللَّهَ لهُم وأثنَيتُم عَلَيهِم\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2675>بابُ ذِكرِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى رُوِى: \"مَن أُهديَت له هَديَّةٌ وعِندَه ناسٌ فهُم شُرَكاءُ فيها</span>\"\nقال البخاريُّ: لَم يَصحَّ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٧٥)، والترمذى (٢٤٨٧) من طريق حميد به. وقال الترمذى: صحيح حسن غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"عليه\". وفى حاشيته كالمثبت.\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٤٨١٢). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٢١٧) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٠٩) من طريق حماد بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٢٧).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٢٦٠٨).","vol":"12","page":341},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْدَلُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دِينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أُهديَت له هَديَّةٌ وعِندَه ناسٌ فهُم شُرَكاءُ فيها\" (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو، وفيه نَظَرٌ:\n\n١٢١٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَنصورٍ المُذَكِّرُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ داودَ السِّمنانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى (^٢) السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دِينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أُهدِى إلَيه وعِندَه قَومٌ فهُم شُرَكاءُ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو الأزهَرِ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ. ورَواه أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ فذَكَرَه عن ابنِ عباس مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^٣)، وهو أصَحُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2676>بابُ إباحَةِ صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ لِمَن لا تَحِلُّ له صَدَقَةُ الفَرضِ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ</span>\n\n١٢١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٧٠٤)، والطبرانى (١١١٨٣) من طريق مندل به.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥، م. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) رواه أبو حاتم كما في العلل لابنه ٥/ ٥٩٩ (٢٢٠٤) عن إسحاق بن منصور عن عبد الرزاق، وينظر تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٣٦٣.","vol":"12","page":342},{"text":"علىِّ بنِ شافِعٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَسَنِ [بنِ حَسَنٍ] (^١)، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ بَيتِه -وأحسِبُه قال: زَيدُ بنُ عليٍّ- أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَصَدَّقَت بمالِها على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنَى المُطَّلِبِ، وأن عَليًّا تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيهِم وأدخَلَ مَعَهُم غَيرَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٢١٦٦ - وبِإِسنادِه: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَشرَبُ مِن سِقاياتٍ كان يَضَعُها (^٣) النّاسُ بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ، فقُلتُ أو قيلَ له، فقالَ: إنَّما حَرُمَت عَلَينا الصَّدَقَةُ المَفروضَةُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2677>بابُ إعطاءِ الغَنِىِّ مِنَ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\n\n١٢١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ. وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، وفى الأصل، ص ٥: \"بن حسين\"، وأشار في حاشية \"م\" أنه في النسخ: \"حسين\"، وأثبتوها كما تقدم في (١٢٠٢٠). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤١٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٠٢٠).\n(^٣) في س: \"يصنعها\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٠٩)، والشافعى ٤/ ٥٦.","vol":"12","page":343},{"text":"الخطابِ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعطينِى العَطاءَ فأقولُ: أعطِه أفقَرَ إلَيه مِنِّى. حَتَّى أعطانِي مَرَّةً مالًا فقُلتُ: أعطِه أفقَرَ إلَيه مِنِّى. فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خُذْه فَتَمَوَّلْه أو تَصَدَّقْ به، وما جاءَكَ مِن هذا المالِ وأنتَ غَيرُ مُشرِفٍ (^١) ولا سائلٍ فخُذْه، وما لا فلا تُتبِعْه نَفسَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ ابنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُعطِى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ العَطاءَ فيَقولُ له عُمَرُ: أعطِه يا رسولَ اللهِ أفقَرَ إلَيه مِنِّى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خُذْه فَتَمَوَّلْه أو تَصَدَّقْ به، وما أتاكَ مِن هذا المالِ وأنتَ غَيرُ مُشرِفٍ ولا سائلٍ فخُذْه، وما لا فلا تُتبِعْه نَفْسَكَ\". قال سالِمٌ: فمِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ كان ابنُ عُمَرَ لا يَسألُ الناسَ شَيئًا ولا يَرُدُّ شَيئًا أُعطِيَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مشرف: أى متطلع إليه. فتح البارى ١٣/ ١٥٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦)، والنسائي (٢٦٠٧) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وتقدم في (٧٩٦٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٧١٦٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٥٧٤٨، ٥٧٤٩) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.","vol":"12","page":344},{"text":"١٢١٦٩ - قال عمرٌو: وحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابِ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ عن السَّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن حوَيطِبِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّي، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السَّعدِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن جامِعِ بنِ أبى راشِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، [عن أبيه] (^٣) قال: كان رَجُلٌ في أهلِ الشَّامِ مَرْضيًّا، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: عَلَامَ يُحِبُّكَ أهلُ الشّامِ؟ قال: أُغازيهِم وأُواسيهِم. قال: فعَرَضَ عَلَيه عُمَرُ عَشَرَةَ آلافٍ قال: خُذْها واستَعِنْ بها في غَزوِكَ. قال: إنِّى عَنها غَنِيٌّ. قال عُمَرُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَرَضَ عليَّ مالًا دونَ الَّذِى عَرَضتُ عَلَيكَ، فقُلتُ له مِثلَ الَّذِى قُلتَ لِي، فقالَ لِي: \"إذا آتاكَ الله مالًا لَم تَسألهْ ولَم تَشرَهْ إلَيه نَفسُكَ فاقبَلْه، فإِنَّما هو رِزقٌ ساقَه اللهُ إلَيكَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٢١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٥٧٤٨، ٥٧٤٩) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١١١/ ١٠٤٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: ز.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٣١/ ٣٠٧ من طريق إسحاق بن عيسى به، وفى ٢١/ ١٦٣ من طريق على بن حكيم عن شريك بنحوه. والحاكم ٣/ ٢٨٦ من طريق محمد بن الطفيل عن شريك بنحوه دون قوله \"عن أبيه\".","vol":"12","page":345},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أبى وشُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ قالا: أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عمرٍو، عن المُطَّلِبِ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عامِرٍ بَعَثَ إلَى عائشةَ بنَفَقَةٍ وكِسوَةٍ، فقالَت لِرسولِه: يا بُنَىَّ إنِّى لا أقبَلُ مِن أحَدٍ شَيئًا. فلَمّا خَرَحِ قالَت: رُدّوه علىَّ. فرَدّوه فقالَت: إنِّى ذَكَرتُ شَيئًا قالَه لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قالَت: قال: \"يا عائشَةُ، مَن أعطاكِ عَطاءً بغَيرِ مَسألَةٍ فاقبَلِيه، فإِنَّما هو رِزقٌ عَرَضه اللَّهُ عَلَيكِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: ما مِن أحَدٍ مِنَ النّاسِ يُهدِى إلَىَّ بهَديَّةٍ إلَّا قَبِلتُها، فأمّا المَسألَةُ فإِنِّى لَم أكُنْ أَسألُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2678>بابّ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يأخُذُ صَدَقَةَ التَّطَوُّعِ ويأخُذُ الهِبَةَ</span>.\n\n١٢١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ، فقَرَّبَت إلَيه خُبزًا وأُدْمَ البَيتِ فقالَ: \"ألَم أرَ بُرمَةَ لَحمٍ؟ \". فقالَت: ذَلِكَ شَيءٌ تُصُدِّقَ به على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٨٠) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٦٧/ ٣٧٤ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"12","page":346},{"text":"بَريرَةَ. فقالَ: \"هو لها صَدَقَةٌ، وهو لَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الفقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ ابنُ ابنَةِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أنَّها اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ مِن أُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ واشتَرَطوا الوَلاءَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الوَلاءُ لِمَن ولِى النِّعمَةَ\". قالَت: وخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ زَوجُها عبدًا، وأهدَت لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ - لَحمًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هو عَلَيها صَدَقَهٌ، وهو لَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا قَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القُشَيرِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أُتِى بطَعامٍ سألَ: \"أهَديَّةٌ هو أم صَدَقَةٌ؟ \". فإِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨١٣)، والشافعى ٤/ ٥٧، ومالك ٢/ ٥٦٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٥٢)، والنسائي (٣٤٤٧)، وابن حبان (٥١١٦) مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٩٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٩) عن معاوية بن عمرو به.\nوالنسائي (٣٤٥٣) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١١).","vol":"12","page":347},{"text":"قيلَ: صَدَقَةٌ. قال لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". ولَم يأكُلْ، وإِن قيلَ: هَديَّةٌ. ضَرَبَ بيَدِه فأكَلَ مَعَهُم (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئً، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أُتِى بطَعامٍ سألَ عنه، فإِن قيلَ: هَديَّةٌ. أكَلَ مِنها، وإِن قيلَ: صَدَقَةٌ. لَم يأكُلْ مِنها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا قَيسُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن سَلامَةَ العِجلِىِّ (^٥)، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بجَفنَةٍ مِن خُبزٍ ولَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذه يا سَلمانُ؟ \". قُلتُ: صَدَقَةٌ. فلَم يأكُلْ وقالَ لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". ثُمَّ أتَيتُه بجَفنَةٍ مِن خُبزٍ ولَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذه يا سَلمانُ؟ \". قُلتُ: هَديَّةٌ. فأكَلَ، قال: \"إنّا نأكُلُ الهَديَّةَ ولا نأكُلُ الصَّدَقّةَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٩٠٣٩) من طريق ابن طهمان به. وأحمد (٨٠١٤)، وابن حبان (٦٣٨٢) من طريق محمد بن زياد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المستخرج (٢٤٠٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن سلام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٧٧/ ١٧٥).\n(^٥) في م: \"العجل\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ١٩٨.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٠٨٨٠).","vol":"12","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2679>كتابُ اللُّقَطةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2680>بابّ: اللُّقَطَةُ يأكُلُها الغَنِىُّ والفَقيُر إذا لَم تُعتَرفْ بعدَ تَعريفِ سنةٍ</span>\n\n١٢١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَسألُه عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عِفاصَها (^١) ووِكاءَها (^٢) ثُمَّ عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها وإِلا فشأنَكَ بها\". قال: فضالَّةُ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\". قال: فضالَّةُ الِإبِلِ؟ قال: \"ما لَكَ ولَها؟! مَعَها سِقاؤُها وحِذاؤُها، تَرِدُ الماءَ وتأكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَلقاها رَبُّها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا سفيان الثَّورِىُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: سُئلَ\n_________\n(^١) العفاص: الوعاء الذى تكون فيه النفقة من جلد أو خرقة أو غير ذلك، من العفص وهو الثنى والعطف. النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) الوكاء: الخيط الذى تشدُّ به الصرة والكيس وغيرهما. النهاية ٥/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٧٥٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (١٧٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٨). وسيأتى في (١٢١٩٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٢٢/ ١)، والبخارى (٢٣٧٢، ٢٤٢٩).","vol":"12","page":349},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها وِإلا فاستَنفِقْها\" (^١). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ ابنَ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن اللُّقَطَةِ الذَّهَبِ أو الوَرِقِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ وِكاءَها وعِفاصَها ثُمَّ عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن لَم تُعرَفْ فاستَتفِقْها، ولتَكُنْ وديعَةً عِندَكَ، فإن جاءَ طالِبُها يَومًا مِنَ الدَّهرِ فأدِّها إلَيه\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢١٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الشّاةِ الضّالَّةِ فقالَ: \"لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\". وسُئلَ عن البَعيرِ فغَضِبَ واحمَرَّ وجهُه فقالَ: \"مَعَه سِقاؤُه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٦٠) من طريق سفيان مطولًا. وسيأتى في (١٢١٩٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٠٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٣) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتى في (١٢١٩٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٥).","vol":"12","page":350},{"text":"وحِذاؤُه، يَرِدُ الماءَ ويَرعَى الشَّجَرَ\". وسُئلَ عن النَّفَقَةِ فقالَ: \"تُعَرِّفُها حَولًا، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها دَفَعتَها إلَيه، وِإلا عَرَفتَ وِكاءَها أو عِفاصَها، ثُمَّ أفَضتَها في مالِكَ، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها دَفَعتَها إلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ (^٢) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإِن لَم تُعتَرَفْ (^٣) فاعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها ثُمَّ كُلْها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فاردُدْها إلَيه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٢١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٧) عن أحمد بن حفص به، وعندهما: \"اللقطة\" مكان: \"النفقة\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٥: \"بشر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٥، ص ٦: \"تعرف\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٧)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو داود (١٧٠٦) من طريق الضحاك به. وعند النسائي: \"قيس بن سعد\"، بدلًا من: \"بسر بن سعيد\"، وعند ابن ماجه: \"بشر\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٢٢١٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٧).","vol":"12","page":351},{"text":"حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُوَيدَ بنَ غَفَلَةَ يقولُ: كُنتُ في غَزوَةٍ فوَجَدتُ سَوطًا فأخَذتُه، فقالَ لِى زَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وسَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ: اطرَحْه. فأبَيتُ عَلَيهِما، فقَضَينا غَزاتَنا ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ، فمَرَرتُ بالمَدينَةِ فلَقِيتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ لِى: إنِّى وجَدتُ صُرَّةً على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها مِائَةُ دينارٍ، فأتَيتُ بها رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ لِى: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها حَولًا فلَم أجِدْ مَن يَعرِفُها، فعُدتُ إلَيه فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها ثُمَّ عُدتُ إلَيه فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا آخَرَ\". فعَرَّفتُها، ثُمَّ عُدتُ إلَيه قال في الرّابِعَةِ: \"احفَظْ عِدَّتَها ووِعاءَها ووِكاءَها، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها وِإلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\". قال سَلَمَةُ: لا أدرِى أقالَ ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ عَرِّفْها أو قال حَولًا. لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ قَولُ سَلَمَةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\"، عن آدَمَ بنِ أبَى إياسٍ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٨٤ - ورَواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال في آخِرِه: \"فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها وإِلا فهِى كَسَبيلِ مالِك\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١١٦٧)، وأبو داود (١٧٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٢٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩١) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه. وسيأتى في (١٢٢١٥، ١٢٢١٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢٦، ٢٤٣٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٣/ ٩).","vol":"12","page":352},{"text":"حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه دونَ قَولِ سَلَمَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"وِإلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\" (^٣).\nورَواه الأعمَشُ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ فقالَ: \"انتَفِعْ بها\" (^٤).\nورَواه زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ فقالَ: \"ثُمَّ اقض بها حاجَتَكَ\" (^٥).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ فقالَ: \"واستَمِعْ بها\" (^٦). وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى مَعنًى واحِدٍ.\n\n١٢١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ خالِدًا الحَذّاءَ يُحَدِّثُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٦) من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتى في (١٢٢٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٦٦)، ومسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠)، والترمذى (١٣٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٢٥)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٢) من طريق ابن نمير به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠)، وعبد الله بن أحمد (٢١١٦٨ - زوائد المسند)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٢١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠) من طريق زيد بن أبى أنيسة به.\n(^٦) سيأتى في (١٢٢٣٤) بلفظ: \"واستنفع بها\".","vol":"12","page":353},{"text":"مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ المُجاشِعِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَنِ التَقَطَ لُقَطَةً فليُشهِدْ ذَوَىْ عَدلٍ، أو: ذا عَدلٍ، ولا يَكتُمْ ولا يُغَيِّبْ، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فهو أحَقُّ بها، وِإلا فهو مالُ اللَّهِ يُؤتيه مَن يَشاءُ\" (^١).\n\n١٢١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه سُئلَ عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"ما كان مِنها في طَريقِ المِيتاءِ (^٢) والقَريَة الجامِعَةِ فعَرِّفْوها سنةً، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها فادفَعْها إلَيه، وِإن لَم يأتِ فهِى لَكَ، وما كان في الخَرابِ ففيها وفِى الرِّكاز الخُمُسُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن عمرٍو وعاصِمٍ ابنَى سُفيانَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ رَبيعَةَ، أن سُفيانَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ وجَدَ عَيبَةً (^٤)، فأتَى بها عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١١٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٤٣)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٤) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (١٧٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٥) من طريق خالد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٠٣) وسيأتى في (١٢٢١٧).\n(^٢) الميتاء: أى طريقة مسلوكة يأتيها الناس. عون المعبود ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧١٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٢٦) عن قتيبة به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٠٤). وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٧١٦، ٧٧٢٣).\n(^٤) العيبة: ما يجعل فيه الرجل أفضل ثيابه، وحر متاعه، وأنفسه عنده. إكمال المعلم ٥/ ١٨.","vol":"12","page":354},{"text":"فقالَ: عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإِن عُرِفَت فذاكَ، وِإلا فهِى لَكَ. فلَم تُعرَفْ، فلَقِيَه بها القابِلَ في المَوسِمِ، فذَكَرَها له فقالَ عُمَرُ: هِى لَكَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَنا بذَلِكَ. قال: لا حاجَةَ لِى فيها. فقَبَضَها عُمَرُ فجَعَلَها في بَيتِ المالِ (^١). ورُوِّينا عن عائشةَ أن امرأةً سألَتها عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَتِ: استَمتِعِى بها (^٢).\n\n١٢١٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ أنَّه وجَدَ دينارًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فذَكَرَه لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فأمَرَه أن يُعَرِّفَه فلَم يُعتَرَفْ، فأمَرَه أن يأكُلَه، ثُمَّ جاءَ صاحِبُه فأمَرَه أن يَغرَمَه (^٣). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وعَلِىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ مِمَّن تَحرُمُ عَلَيه الصَّدَقَةُ؛ لأنَّه مِن صَليبَةِ (^٤) بَنِى هاشِمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٢١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن رَجُلٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هُزَيلًا يقولُ: رأيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ أتاه رَجُلٌ بصُرَّةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٦٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به بنحوه. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٩) من طريق الوليد بن كثير به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٩٥٩).\n(^٣) الشافعى ٤/ ٦٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨١٩) من طريق أبى العباس به.\n(^٤) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"صلبية\". وقد تقدم عقب (٢٨٩٧) كالمثبت.\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٦٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨١٩) من طريق أبى العباس به.","vol":"12","page":355},{"text":"مَختومَةٍ فقالَ: قَد عَرَّفتُها ولَم أجِدْ مَن يَعرِفُها. قال: استَمتِعْ بها.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وهَكَذا السُّنَّةُ الثّابِتَةُ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، ورَوَوا حَديثًا عن عامِرٍ عن أبيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه اشتَرَى جاريَةً، فذَهَبَ صاحِبُها فتَصَدَّقَ بثَمَنِها وقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ عن صاحِبِها، فإِن كَرِهَ فلِى وعَلَىَّ الغُرمُ. ثُمَّ قال: وهَكَذا يُفعَلُ باللُّقَطَةِ. فخالَفوا السُّنَّةَ في اللُّقَطَةِ التى لا حُجَّةَ معها، وخالَفوا حَديثَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ الَّذِى يوافِقُ السُّنَّةَ وهو عِندَهُم ثابِتٌ، واحتَجّوا بهَذا الحديثِ وهُم يُخالِفونَه فيما هو فيه بعَينِهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِى عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﷺ - مِن قَولِه ما يوافِقُ قَولَ العِراقيّينَ:\n\n١٢١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ هارونَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى رُؤاسٍ وجَدَ صُرَّةً، فأتَى بها عَليًّا فقالَ: إنِّى وجَدتُ صُرِّةً فيها دَراهِمُ وقَد عَرَّفتُها ولَم نَجِدْ مَن يَعرِفُها، وجَعَلتُ أشتَهِى ألَّا يَجِئَ مَن يَعرِفُها. قال: تَصدَّقْ بها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فرَضِى كان له الأجرُ، وإِن لَم يَرْضَ غَرِمتَها وكانَ لَكَ الأجرُ (^٢). عاصِمُ بنُ ضمرَةَ غيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٧٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ١٢٢ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه في (٢٨٦٥).","vol":"12","page":356},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - مَرفوعًا جَوازُ الأكلِ (^١). ورُوِّيناه بأسانيدَ صِحاحِ مَوصولَةٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وسُنَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الثّابِتَةُ أولَى بالاتباعِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٢١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ أن رَجُلًا وجَدَ لُقَطَةً، فجاءَ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنِّى وجَدتُ لُقَطَةً فماذا تَرَى؟ فقالَ له ابنُ عُمَرَ: عَرِّفْها. قال: قَد فعَلتُ. قال: زِدْ. قال: قَد فعَلتُ. قال: لا آمُرُكَ أن تأكُلَها، ولَو شِئتَ لَم تأخُذْها (^٢). زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ابنُ عُمَرَ لَعَلَّه ألَّا يَكونَ سَمِعَ الحديثَ عن النَّبِى - ﷺ - في اللُّقَطَةِ، ولَو لَم نَسمَعْه انبَغَى أن نَقولَ: لا يأكُلُها. كما قال ابنُ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وسُئلَ عن اللُّقَطَةِ قال: ادفَعْها إلَى الأميرِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم قى الحديث السابق.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٢٤)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٥٨.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٦٦.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٤٠. وأخرجه أبن أبى شيبة (٢١٩٣٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":357},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2681>بابُ ما يَجوزُ له أخذُه وما لا يَجوزُ مِمّا يَجِدُهُ</span>\n\n١٢١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ بنِ أَعيَنَ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وسُفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّورِىُّ وغَيرُهُم أن رَبيعَةَ بنَ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَهُم عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا مَعَه، فسألَه عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها ثُمَّ عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها وِإلا فشأنَكَ بها\". قال: فضالَّةُ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\". قال: فضالَّةُ الِإبِلِ؟ قال: \"مَعَها حِذاؤُها وسقاؤُها، تَرِدُ الماءَ وتأكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَلقاها رَبُّها\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ والثَّورِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن ثَلاثَتِهِم (^٢).\n\n١٢١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٢٥). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٦٦٦) عن ابن عبد الحكم به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٣٤، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وعند ابن حبان من طريق عمرو بن الحارث وحده. وتقدم في (١٢١٧٨، ١٢١٧٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٧٢، ٢٤٢٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٣).","vol":"12","page":358},{"text":"أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، ثُمَّ اعرِفْ وِكاءَها وعِفاصَها، ثُمَّ استَنفقْ بها، فإِن جاءَ رَبُّها فأدِّها إلَيه\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فضالَّةُ [الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"خُذْها، فإِنَّما هِى لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فضالَّةُ] (^١) الإبِلِ؟ قال: فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى احمَرَّت وَجْنَتاه أوِ احمَرَّ وجهُه، قال: \"ما لَكَ ولَها؟ مَعَها حِذاؤُها وسقاؤُها حَتَّى يَلقاها رَبُّها\". وقالَ يَحيَى ابنُ أيّوبَ: \"دَعْها حَتَّى يَلقاها رَبُّها\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حّدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو قَشمَرْدُ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن اللُّقَطَةِ الذَّهَبِ أوِ الوَرِقِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ وِكاءَها وعِفاصَها ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣٤١) وليس فيه: \"فضالة الغنم\". وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٧٢) عن قتيبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٥) من طريق إسماعيل دون ذكر الغنم وما بعده.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٣٦)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٢).","vol":"12","page":359},{"text":"عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإِن لَم تُعتَرَفْ فاستَنفِقْها ولتَكُنْ وديعَةً عِندَكَ، فإِن جاءَ طالِبُها يَومًا مِنَ الدَّهرِ فأدِّها إلَيه\". وسألَه عن ضالَّةِ الإبِلِ فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ ولَها؟ دَعْها فإِن مَعَها حِذاءَها وسِقاءَها تَرِدُ الماءَ وتأكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَجِدَها رَبُّها\". وسألَه عن الشّاةِ فقالَ: \"خُذْها فإِنَّما هِى لَكَ أو لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ عن سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ سألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنا أسمَعُ عن الضَّالَّةِ مِنَ الابِلِ فقالَ: \"مَعَها سِقاؤُها وحِذاؤُها لا يأكُلُها الذِّئبُ، تَرِدُ الماءَ وتأكُلُ مِن الشَّجَرِ، فدَعْها مَكانَها حَتَّى يأتِى باغيها\". قال: فضالَّةُ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"لَكَ أو لأ خيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ، اجمَعْها حَتَّى يأتِى (^٣) باغيها\". قال: اللُّقَطَةُ نَجِدُها قال: \"ما كان في العامِرَةِ والسَّبيلِ العامِرَةِ (^٤) فعَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن جاءَ باغيها فأدِّها إلَيه وِإلا فهِى لَكَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فما يوجَدُ في القَريَةِ الخَرابِ العادِىِّ (^٥)؟ قال: \"فيه وفِى الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم (١٢١٨٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"يأتيها\".\n(^٤) في م: \"الغامرة\".\n(^٥) الخراب العادىّ: أى القديم. والأرض العادية التى لم يَجْرِ عيها عمارة إسلامية ولم تدخل في ملك مسلم. مرقاة المفاتيح ٦/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧١١) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥٠٥).","vol":"12","page":360},{"text":"ورَواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمرٍو بِمَعناه قال فيه: فكَيفَ تَرَى في ضالَّةِ الغَنَمِ؟ قال: \"طَعامٌ مأكولٌ لَكَ أو. لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ، احبِسْ على أخيكَ ضالَّتَه\". وقَد مَضَى بإِسنادِه في كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^١).\n\n١٢١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبى حَيّانَ التَّيمِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ خالُ المُنذِرِ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ جَريرٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبى بالبَوازيجِ (^٢) بالسَّوادِ فراحَتِ البَقَرُ، فرأى بَقَرَةً أنكَرَها فقالَ: ما هذه البَقَرَةُ؟ قالوا: بَقَرَةٌ لَحِقَت بالبَقَرِ. فأمَرَ بها فطُرِدَت حَتَّى تَوارَت، ثمَّ قال: سَمِعت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَأْوِى الضّالَّةَ إلَّا ضالٌّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٧١٦).\n(^٢) البوازيج: بلد بالعراق قرب تكريت. معجم البلدان ١/ ٧٥٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على ذكر المرفوع. وأبو داود (١٧٢٠) من طريق أبى حيان. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٩) من طريق أبى حيان عن أبى زرعة بن عمرو كلاهما عن المنذر بن جرير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥١٣).","vol":"12","page":361},{"text":"أبى العَلاءِ، عن أبى مُسلِمٍ، عن الجارودِ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، تأتِى علىَّ ضالَّةُ الإبِلِ فأترُكُها. فقالَ: \"ضالَّةُ المُسلِمِ حَرَقُ النّارِ (^١) \".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه قَتادَةُ عن أبى العَلاءِ:\n\n١٢١٩٩ - أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى العَلاءِ، عن أبى مُسلِمٍ، عن الجارودِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ضالَّةُ المُؤمِنِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه خالِدٌ الحَذاءُ عن أبى العَلاءِ يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه:\n\n١٢٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن أبى مُسلِمٍ، عن الجارودِ قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ على إبِلٍ عِجافٍ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا\n_________\n(^١) حرق النار: بالتحريك وقد يسكّن: أى لهبها. والمعنى: أن ضالة المؤمن إذا أخذها إنسان ليتملكها أدّته إلى النار. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٨٧) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"12","page":362},{"text":"نَمُرُّ بالجَرْفِ (^١) فنَجِدُ إبِلًا فنَركَبُها فقالَ: \"ضالَّةُ المُسلِمِ حَرَقُ النّارِ\" (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عنه، عن يَزيدَ، عن أخيه مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الجارودِ:\n\n١٢٢٠١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن الجارودِ العَبْدِىِّ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ضالَّةُ المسلِمِ حَرَقُ النّارِ فلا تَقرَبَنَّها\" (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى مُسلِمٍ، عن الجارودِ (^٤).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ عن أبيه:\n\n١٢٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا الأستاذُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن سَلامٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه أن رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنّا\n_________\n(^١) الجرف: الكلأ. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٣/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٤) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٥٦) من طريق خالد الحذاء به مختصرا.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٠٣)، وعنه أحمد (٢٠٧٥٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٢) من طريق أبى العلاء يزيد بن عبد الله بن الشخير به مطولًا.","vol":"12","page":363},{"text":"نُصيبُ هَوامِى (^١) الإبِلِ. فقالَ: \"ضالَّةُ المُسلِمِ -أو: المُؤمِنِ- حَرَقُ النّارِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال وهو مُسنِدٌ ظَهرَه إلَى الكَعبَةِ: مَن أخَذَ ضالَّةً فهو ضالٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو الجوَيريَةِ قال: سَمِعتُ أعرابيًّا مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ سألَه - يَعنِى ابنَ عباسٍ - عن الضَّوالِّ فقالَ: ما تَرَى في الضَّوالِّ؟ قال: مَن أكَلَ مِنَ الضَّوالِّ فهو ضالٌّ. قال: ما تَرَى في الضَّوالِّ؟ قال: مَن أكَلَ مِنَ الضَّوالِّ فهو ضالٌّ. ثُمَّ سَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ وأخَذَ ابنُ عباسٍ يُفتِى النّاسَ -يقولُ أبو الجوَيريَةِ: فتوَى كَثيرَةً لا أحفَظُها- فقالَ الأعرابِىُّ: أَراكَ قَد أصدَرتَ النّاسَ غَيرِى أفَتَرَى لِى تَوبَةً (^٤)؟ قال: ويلَكَ لا تَسألْ هذه المَسألَةَ. قال: وما أشَدَّ مَسألَتَكَ! قال: أستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) الهَوامِى: المُهمَلة التى لا راعى لها ولا حافظ، يقال منه: ناقة هامية وبعير هام. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣١٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٨٨) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٥٩. وأخرجه عد الرزاق (١٨٦١٢)، وابن أبى شبة (٢١٩٧٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) في م: \"نوبة\". وقال في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله نوبة بالنون\".","vol":"12","page":364},{"text":"وأتوبُ إلَيه أَجْلَ (^١) ما صَنَعتُ. قال: أتَدرِى ما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِنْ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠١] حَتَّى فرَغَ مِنَ الَايَةِ كُلِّها. قال: كان قَومٌ يَسألونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استِهزاءً، فيَقولُ الرَّجُلُ: مَن أبى؟ ويَقولُ الرَّجُلُ [تَضِلُّ ناقَتُه] (^٢): أينَ ناقَتِى؟ فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فيه هذه الآيَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن أبى النَّضرِ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ أحسِبُه عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ضالَّةُ الإبِلِ المَكتومَةِ (^٥) غَرامَتُها ومِتلُها مَعَها\" (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2682>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ ضالَّةً يُريدُ رَدَّها على صاحِبِها لا يُريدُ أكلَها</span>\n\n١٢٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ عدا ص ٦: \"وأجمل\". وضبب في الأصل على الواو.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"يُضِل ناقة\". وفى حاشيته كالمثبت، وفى م: \"يضل ناقته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٦٨٧٧)، والطبرانى (١٢٦٩٥) من طريق أبى خيثمة مختصرًا.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٦٢٢).\n(^٥) المكتومة: التى كتمها الواجد ولم يعرفها ولم يُشهد عليها. عون المعبود ٢/ ٦٩.\n(^٦) أبو داود (١٧١٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥٩٩). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٤٦ من طريق معمر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥١١).","vol":"12","page":365},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ، عن أبى سالِمٍ الجَيشانِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن آوَى ضالَّةً فهو ضالٌّ ما لَم يُعَرِّفْها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رِبحٍ (^٣)، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الضَّحّاكِ أنَّه وجَدَ بَعيرًا، فأتَى به عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ، فأمَرَه أن يُعَرِّفَه، ثُمَّ إنَّه رَجَعَ إلَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّه قَد شَغَلَنى عن عَمَلِى. فقالَ له: اذهَبْ فأرسِلْه مِن حَيثُ أخَذتَه (^٤).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (^٥)، ولَيسَ فيه ما يَدُلُّ على سُقوطِ الضَّمانِ عنه إذا أَرسَلَها فهَلَكَت.\n\n١٢٢٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ شِهابٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٠٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٥/ ١٢).\n(^٣) في ص ٥، م: \"رمح\". وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٤/ ٩٢.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل، س، ز: \"أخذت\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٩٧٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد بنحوه.\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٧٥٩، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٣٨.","vol":"12","page":366},{"text":"يقولُ: كانَت ضَوالُّ الإبِلِ في زَمانِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ إبِلًا مُؤَبَّلَةً (^١) تَناتَجُ لا يَمَسُّها، حَتَّى إذا كان زَمانُ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ أمَرَ بمَعرِفَتِها وتَعريفِها ثُمَّ تُباعُ، فإِذا جاءَ صاحِبُها أُعطى ثَمَنَها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2683>بابُ الاختيارِ في أخذِ اللُّقَطَةِ إذا كان مِن أهلِ الأمانَةِ، ومَنِ اختارَ تَركَها</span>\n\n١٢٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سُوَيدِ ابنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ زَيدِ بنِ صُوحانَ وسَلمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، فالتَقَطتُ سَوطًا بالعُذَيبِ (^٣) فقالا: دَعْه دَعْه. قُلتُ: واللهِ لا أدَعُه تأكُلُه السِّباعُ لأستَمتِعَنَّ به. فقَدِمتُ على أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: أحسَنتَ أحسَنتَ، إنِّى وجَدتُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صرُّةً فيها مِائَةُ دينارٍ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها حَولًا، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها حَولًا، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فأتَيتُ بها بَعدَ أحوالٍ ثَلاثَةٍ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عَدَدَها ووِكاءَها ووِعاءَها، فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُكَ بعَددِها ووِكائِها\n_________\n(^١) إبلا مؤبلة: هى في الأصل المجعولة للقنية، والمعنى أنها كالمؤبلة المقتناة في عدم تعرض أحد لها واجتزائها بالكلأ. ينظر شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٤/ ٦.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٥٩، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٢٦).\n(^٣) العذيب: اسم ماء لبنى تميم على مرحلة من الكوفة مُسمًّى بتصغير العَذْب. النهاية ٣/ ١٩٥٣.","vol":"12","page":367},{"text":"فادفَعْها إلَيه وِإلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبى ظَبيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا تَرفَعْها مِنَ الأرضِ، لَستَ مِنها في شَئٍ، يَعنِى اللُّقَطَةَ (^٣). وقَولُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ في ذَلِكَ قَد مَضى في المَسألَةِ الأولَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2684>بابُ تعريفِ اللُّقَطَةِ ومَعرِفَتِها والإِشهادِ عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٢٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها ثُمَّ عَرِّفْها سنةً، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها وِإلا فشأنَكَ بها\" (^٥). أخرَجاه في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٢٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦١٥). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢١٨٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٢٤) من طريق سفيان الثورى به بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٩٦٣) من طريق قابوس به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢١٩١)، وهو قوله: \"لا آمرك أن تأكلها، ولو شئت لم تأخذها\". ولعل المصنف يقصد بالمسألة الأولى الباب الأول من أبواب اللقطة، فقد ورد قول ابن عمر في آخره.\n(^٥) الشافعى ٤/ ٦٩.","vol":"12","page":368},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن رَبيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢١٢ - ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن رَبيعَةَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، ثُمَّ اعرِفْ وِكاءَها وعِفاصَها، ثُمَّ استَنفِقْ بها، فإِن جاءَ رَبُّها فأدِّها إلَيه\". أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣)، وقَد مَضى بطولِهِ (^٤).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن رَبيعَةَ كما:\n\n١٢٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الدَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، ثُمَّ اعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها ووِعاءَها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فادفَعْها إلَيه وِإلا فاستَنفِقْها. أو: استَمتِعْ بها\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ضالَّةُ الغَنَمِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّما هِى لَكَ أو\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٣٧٢، ٢٤٢٩)، ومسلم (١٧٢٢/ ١)، وتقدم في (١٢١٧٨، ١٢١٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٩١) من طريق سليمان عن ربيعة به، وتقدم في (١٢١٨٠) من طريق سليمان عن يحيى، وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٣٤، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٥ من طريق سليمان عن يحيى وربيعة به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧٠٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢١٩٤).","vol":"12","page":369},{"text":"لأخيكَ أو لِلذِّئبِ\". فسألَه عن ضالَّةِ الإبِلِ، فتَغَيَّرَ وجهُه وقالَ: \"مالَكَ ولَها؟ مَعَها حِذاؤُها وسِقاؤُها، تَرِدُ الماءَ وَتأكُلُ الشَّجَرَ، دَعْها حَتَّى تَلقَى رَبَّها\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الثَّورِىِّ دونَ قَولِه: \"وِعاءَها\" وقالَ: \"فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُكَ بها وِإلا فاستَتفِقْها\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن سالِمٍ أبى النَّضرِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ التَقَطَ لُقَطَةً فليُعَرِّفْها سنةً، فإن جاءَ رَبُّها وِإلا فليَعرِفْ عَدَدَها ووِكاءَها ثُمَّ ليأكُلْها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فليَرُدَّها عَلَيه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبى بكرٍ الحَنَفِىِّ، إلَّا أنَّه قال في مَتنِه: \"فإِنِ اعتُرِفَت فأدِّها، وِإلا فاعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها وعَدَدَها\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ يَعنِى الأزرَقَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الطبرانى (٥٢٤٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦٠٢). وتقدم في (١٢١٧٩، ١٢١٩٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢٧، ٢٤٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٤٦)، والترمذى (١٣٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٠٧) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به. وتقدم في (١٢١٨٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٨/ ١٧٢٢).","vol":"12","page":370},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُوَيدَ بنَ غَفَلَةَ أنَّه كان في غَزوَةٍ فوَجَدَ سَوطًا فأخَذَه، فقالَ زَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وسَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ: اطرَحْه. قال: فأبَيتُ عَلَيهِما، فقَضَينا غَزاتَنا ثُمَّ حَجَجتُ فمَرَرتُ بالمَدينَةِ، فأتَيتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: إنِّى وجَدتُ صُرَّةً على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها مِائَةُ دينارٍ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها حَولًا فَى أجِدْ أحَدًا يَعرِفُها، فعُدتُ إلَيه فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فقالَ: \"احفَظْ عِدَّتَها ووِعاءَها ووِكاءَها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها وِإلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\". قال: فاستَمتَعتُ بها. قال سَلَمَةُ: لا أدرِى عَرَّفَها حَولًا إلَى ثَلاثَةِ أحوالٍ أو في الحَولِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: كُنّا حُجاجًا فوَجَدتُ سَوطًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ دونَ تَسميَةِ زَيدِ بنِ صُوحانَ وسَلمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: فقُلتُ: قَد عَرَّفتُها. قال: \"انتَفِعْ بها، واحفَظْ وِعاءَها وخِرقَتَها وأحصِ عَدَدَها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى في مسنده (١٤٦٤) من طريق أبى النضر به. وتقدم في (١٢١٨٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٢٦، ٢٤٣٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٣/ ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٦٨)، والنسائي (٥٨٢١) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠).","vol":"12","page":371},{"text":"١٢٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبى العَلاءِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ المُجاشِعِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن وجَدَ لُقَطَةً فليُشهِدْ ذا عَدلٍ، أو: ذَوَىْ عَدلٍ، ولا يَكتُمْ ولا يُغَيِّبْ، فإِذا وجَدَ صاحِبَها فليَرُدَّها عَلَيه، وِإلا فهِى مالُ اللَّهِ يُؤتيه مَن يَشاءُ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بَدرٍ أن أباه أخبَرَه أنَّه نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا بطَريقِ الشّامِ، فوَجَدَ صُرَّةً فيها ثَمانونَ دينارًا، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: عَرِّفْها على أبوابِ المَسجِدِ، واذكُرْها لِمَن يَقدَمُ مِنَ الشّامِ سنةً، فإِذا مَضَتِ السَّنَةُ فشأنَكَ بها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2685>بابُ بَيانِ مُدَّةِ التَّعريفِ</span>\nاتَّفَقَت رِوايَةُ زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - على تَعريفِ اللُّقَطَةِ سنةً واحِدَةً، وقَد مَضَتِ الرِّوايَةُ عَنهُما، وكَذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وعن عُقبَةَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ عن أبيه عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢١٨٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨١٨)، والشافعى ٤/ ٦٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٥٧، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ١١٨.","vol":"12","page":372},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وأمّا حَديثُ سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فرِوايَةُ الأعمَشِ وزَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ وحَمّادٍ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ تَدُلُّ على أنَّه يُعَرِّفُها ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن شُعبَةَ عن سلمةَ كَذَلِكَ. قال شُعبَةُ: فلَقِيتُه بعدَ ذَلِكَ بمَكَّةَ فقالَ: لا أدرِى ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ أو حَولًا واحِدًا:\n\n١٢٢١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُوَيدَ بنَ غَفَلَةَ يقولُ: غَزَوتُ أنا وزَيدُ بنُ صُوحانَ وسَلمانُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، فوَجَدتُ سَوطًا فأخَذتُه فقالا لِى: ألقِه. فقُلتُ: لا، ولَكِنِّى أُعَرِّفُه، فإِن وجَدتُ مَن يَعرِفُه وإِلا استَمتَعتُ به. فأبَيتُ عَلَيهِما، فلَمّا رَجَعنا مِن غَزاتِنا قُضِى لِى أنِّى حَجَجتُ، فأتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فلَقِيتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ، فأخبَرتُه بشأنِ السَّوطِ وبِقَولِهِما، فقالَ أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ: وجَدتُ صُرَّةً فيها مِائَةُ دينارٍ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها حَولًا\". فعَرَّفتُها فلَم أجِدْ مَن يَعرِفُها ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فقالَ: \"احفَظْ عَدَدَها ووِكاءَها ووِعاءَها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها وإِلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\". قال شُعبَةُ: فلَقِيتُ سلمةَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لا أدرِى ثَلاثَةَ أحوالٍ أو حَولًا واحِدًا. فأعجَبَنِى هذا الحديثُ، فقُلتُ لأبِى صادِقٍ: تَعالَ فاسمَعه مِنه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"أو حول واحد\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٥٥٤). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢١٨٣).","vol":"12","page":373},{"text":"١٢٢٢٠ - ورَواه بَهزُ بنُ أسَدٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن سلمةَ، قال شُعبَةُ: فسَمِعتُه بعدَ عَشرِ سِنينَ يقولُ: \"عَرِّفْها عامًا واحِدًا\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا. أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا بَهزٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢)، وكأن سلمةَ بنَ كُهَيلٍ كان يَشُكُّ فيه ثُمَّ تَذَكَّرَه، فثَبَتَ على عامٍ واحِدٍ.\n\n١٢٢٢١ - وأمّا ما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أن بُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجِّ حَدَّثَه، أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مِقسَمٍ حَدَّثَه عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وجَدَ دينارًا، فأتَى به فاطِمَةَ ﵍ فقالَت: هذا رِزقٌ رَزَقَنا اللَّهُ ﷿، للهِ الحَمدُ، فاشتَرِ به لَحمًا وطَعامًا. فهَيّأ طَعامًا، فقالَ لِفاطِمَةَ: أرسِلِى إلَى أبيكِ فتُخبِريه، فإِن رآه حَلالًا أكَلنا به. فلَمّا صَنَعوا طَعامًا دَعَوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا أتَى ذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هو رِزقُ اللَّهِ\". فأكَلَ مِنه وأكلوا، فلَمّا كان بعدَ ذَلِكَ أتَتِ امرأةٌ تَنشُدُ الدّينارَ: أنشُدُ اللَّهَ الدّينارَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا علىُّ أدِّ الدّينارَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٢٣) من طريق بهز به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٣) عقب (٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧١٤) من طريق ابن وهب مختصرًا. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٣٤٣: وهو حديث منكر جدًّا.","vol":"12","page":374},{"text":"١٢٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا موسَى (^١) بنُ يَعقوبَ الزَّمعِىُّ (^٢)، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ أخبَرَه أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ دَخَلَ على فاطِمَةَ وحَسَنٌ وحُسَينٌ يَبكيانِ فقالَ: ما يُبكيهِما؟ قالَتِ: الجوعُ. فخَرَجَ علىٌّ، فوَجَدَ دينارًا بالسّوقِ، فجاءَ إلَى فاطِمَةَ فأخبَرَها فقالَتِ: اذهَبْ إلَى فُلانٍ اليَهودِىِّ فخُذ لَنا دَقيقًا. فجاءَ اليَهودِىَّ فاشتَرَى به دَقيقًا، فقالَ اليَهودِىُّ: أنتَ خَتَنُ (^٣) هذا الَّذِى يَزعُمُ أنَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فخُذ دينارَكَ ولَكَ الدَّقيقُ. فخَرَجَ علىٌّ حَتَّى جاءَ به فاطِمَةَ فأخبَرَها، فقالَتِ: اذهَبْ إلَى فُلانٍ الجَزّارِ فخُذْ لَنا بدِرهَمٍ لَحمًا. فذَهَبَ ورَهَنَ الدّينارَ بدِرهَمٍ لَحمًا، فجاءَ به فعَجَنَت ونَصَبَت وخَبَزَت، فأرسَلَت إلَى أبيها فجاءَهُم، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أذكُرُ لَكَ، فإِن رأيتَه لَنا حَلالًا أكَلناه وأكَلتَ، مِن شأنِه كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ: \"كُلوا باسمِ اللَّهِ\". فأكَلوا، فبَينا هُم مَكانَهُم إذا غُلامٌ يَنشُدُ اللَّهَ والِإسلامَ الدّينارَ، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فدُعِى له، فسألَه فقالَ: سَقَطَ مِنِّى في السُّوقِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا علىُّ اذهَبْ إلَى الجَزّارِ فقُلْ له: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ لكَ: أرسِلْ إلَىَّ بالدّينارِ ودِرهَمُكَ علىَّ\". فأرسَلَ به، فدَفَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"يحيى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ١٦٤.\n(^٢) ضبطه في الأنساب ٣/ ١٦٤، واللباب ٢/ ٧٤، ولب اللباب ١/ ٤٠ بسكون الميم، وضبطه في نسخة الأصل هنا، وفى تبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٦٥٩ بفتحها.\n(^٣) ختن: أى زوج ابنته. النهاية ٢/ ١٠.\n(^٤) أبو داود (١٧١٦). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٥٧٥٩) من طريق جعفر بن مسافر به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٥١٠).","vol":"12","page":375},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ظاهِرُ الحديثِ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - في هذا البابِ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه أنفَقَه قبلَ التَّعريفِ في الوَقتِ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن علىٍّ في هذه القِصَّةِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يُعَرِّفَه فلَم يُعتَرَفْ، فأمَرَه أن يأكُلَه، وظاهِرُ تِلكَ الرِّوايَةِ أنَه شَرَطَ التَّعريفَ في الوَقتِ، وأباحَ أكلَه قبلَ مُضِىِّ السَّنَةِ، والأحاديثُ التى ورَدَت في اشتِراطِ التَّعريفِ سنةً في جَوازِ الأكلِ أصَحُّ وأكثَرُ، فهِى أولَى، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أباحَ له إنفاقَه قبلَ مُضِىِّ سنةٍ لِوُقوعِ الاضطِرارِ إلَيه، والقِصَّةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَيه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه لَم يَشتَرِطْ مُضِىَّ سنةٍ في قَليلِ اللُّقَطَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن بلالِ بنِ يَحيَى العَبسِىِّ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه التَقَطَ دينارًا، فاشتَرَى به دَقيقًا، فعَرَفَه صاحِبُ الدَّقيقِ، فرَدَّ عَلَيه الدّينارَ، فأخَذَه علىٌّ فقَطَعَ مِنه قيراطَينِ، فاشتَرَى به لَحمًا (^١). في مَتنِ هذا الحديثِ اختِلافٌ وفِى أسانيدِه ضَعفٌ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧١٥).","vol":"12","page":376},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2686>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَليلِ اللُّقَطَةِ</span>\nظاهِرُ الأحاديثِ عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَدُلُّ على التَّسويةِ بَينَ قَليلِ اللُّقَطَةِ وكَثيرِها في التَّعريفِ.\n\n١٢٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا [علىُّ بنُ] (^١) أحمدَ بنِ الحُسَينِ العِجلِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن زائدَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصرِّفٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بتَمرَةٍ بالطَّريقِ فقالَ: \"لَولا أن تَكونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ لأكَلتُها\". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، وقالَ البخارىُّ: وقالَ زائدَةُ: عن مَنصورٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ القَزّازُ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصرِّفٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على تَمرَةٍ في الطَّريقِ مَطروحَةٍ فقالَ: \"لَولا أنِّى أخشَى أن تَكونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَ لأكَلتُها\". قال: ومَرَّ ابنُ عُمَرَ بتَمرَةٍ مَطروحَةٍ في الطَّريقِ فأكَلَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م. وأشار في حاشة الأصل، وحاشة ز أنه كذلك في نسخة بدونها.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧١/ ١٦٥)، والبخارى (٢٤٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١/ ٢٤٤ من طريق قبيصة به، وأحمد (١٢١٩٠)، والبخارى (٢٤٣١) من طريق سفيان دون فعل ابن عمر.","vol":"12","page":377},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثَّورِىِّ دونَ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه مِن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إنِّى لأدخُلُ بَيتى فأجِدُ التَّمرَةَ مُلقاةً على فِراشِى\". وفِى رِوايَةٍ: \"ولا أدرِى أمِن تَمرِ الصَّدَقَةِ أم مِن تَمرِ أهلِى؟ فأدَعُها\" (^٢). وذَلِكَ لا يَتَناوَلُ اللُّقَطَةَ.\n\n١٢٢٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّىِّ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: رَخَّصَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في العَصا والسَّوطِ والحَبلِ وأشباهِه، يَلتَقِطُ الرَّجُلُ يَنتَفِعُ بهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الرَّملِىِّ قال: عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٣)، قال أبو داودَ: رَواه النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ عن المُغيرَةِ أبى سلمةَ بإِسنادِهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وكأن محمدَ بنَ شُعَيبٍ عنه أخَذَه فقد:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٠٥٥)، ومسلم (١٠٧١/ ١٦٤).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٣٣٦٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٧١٧)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٥٣. وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٩٢٦٢) عن الوليد بن حماد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٣٧٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (١٧١٧). وأخرجه أبو الشيخ في طبقات المحدثين ٣/ ٣٧ من طريق النعمان به.","vol":"12","page":378},{"text":"١٢٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنِى رَجُلٌ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ المُغيرَةُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: رَخَّصَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه ولَم يَذكُرِ الحَبلَ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه شَبابَةُ عن مُغيرَةَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ قال: كانوا. لَم يَذكُرِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: في رَفعِ هذا الحديثِ شَكٌّ، وفِى إسنادِه ضَعفٌ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَعلَى، عن جَدَّتِه حُكَيمَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ التقَطَ لُقَطَةً يَسيرَةً حَبلًا أو دِرهَمًا أو شِبهَ ذَلِكَ فليُعَرِّفْه ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، فإن طابَ فوقَ (^٣) ذَلِكَ فليُعرِّفْه (^٤) سِتَّةَ أيّامٍ\" (^٥). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ يَعلَى (^٦)، وقَد ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٧)، ورَماه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ وغَيرُه\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٥٣.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٧١٧).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ز، ص ٦: \"طاب\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"فليرفعه\". وفى حاشيته كلمة غير واضحة.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٦٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٦) هو عمر بن عبد الله بن يعلى بن مرة الثققى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٦/ ١٧٠، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١١٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤١٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٥٩: ضعيف.\n(^٧) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٤٣١، ٤/ ١٩٩.","vol":"12","page":379},{"text":"بشُربِ الخَمرِ (^١).\n\n١٢٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى القُرَشِىِّ، عن فرّوخَ مَولَى طَلحَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أُمَّ سلمةَ سُئلَت عن التقاطِ السَّوطِ فقالَت: يَلتَقِطُ سَوطَ أخيه يَصلُ به يَدَيه ما أرَى بأسًا. قال: والحَبلُ؟ قالَت: والحَبلُ. قال: والحِذاءُ؟ قالَت: والحِذاءُ. قال: فالوِعاءُ؟ قالَت: لا أُحِلُّ ما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ، الوِعاءُ يَكونُ فيه النَّفَقَةُ ويَكونُ فيه المَتاعُ (^٢).\nوعن سُفيانَ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ صَبيحٍ عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه رَخَّصَ في السَّوطِ والعَصا والسَّيرِ يَجِدُه يَستَمتِعُ بهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2687>بابُ ما جاءَ في اتِّباعِ الحَصّادينَ وأخذِ ما يَسقُطُ مِنهُم</span>\n\n١٢٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ قالَت: قال لِى أبو الدَّرداءِ: لا تَسألِى أحَدًا شَيئًا. قُلتُ: إنِ احتَجتُ؟ قال: تَتَبَّعِى الحَصّادينَ فانظُرِى ما يَسقُطُ مِنهُم فخُذِيه، فاخبِطيه ثُمَّ اطحَنيه ثُمَّ اعجِنيه ثُمَّ كُليه، ولا تَسألِى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤١٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٩٤٣) من طريق طلحة بنحوه، وفيه: عن عبد الله بن فروخ.","vol":"12","page":380},{"text":"أحَدًا شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٢٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: ما أخطأت يَدُ الحاصِدِ أو جَنَت يَدُ القاطِفِ، فلَيسَ لِصاحِبِ الزَّرعِ عَلَيه سَبيلٌ، إنَّما هو لِلمارَّةِ وأبناءِ السَّبيلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2688>بابُ ما جاءَ في إنشادِ الضّالَّةِ في المَسجِدِ</span>\n\n١٢٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأسوَدِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى شَدّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَنشُدُ في المَسجِدِ ضالَّةً فليَقُل: لا أدّاها اللَّهُ إلَيكَ. فإِنَّ المَساجِدَ لَم تُبْنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٧٠/ ١٥٥ من طريق ابن بشران به. والخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٣٥٦ من طريق الصفار به. وأحمد في الزهد ١/ ١٤١ عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) ذكره الذهبى في السير ٧/ ١١٦ عن سليمان بن عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"12","page":381},{"text":"لِهَذا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وعن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن المُقرِئَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - سَمِعَ أعرابيًّا أو رَجُلًا يقولُ: مَن دَعا إلَى الجَمَلِ الأحمَرِ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا وجَدتَ، إنَّما بُنيَت هذه المَساجِدُ لِما بُنيَت له\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2689>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن يَعتَرِف اللُّقَطَةَ</span>\n\n١٢٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في اللُّقَطَةِ قال في التَّعريفِ: \"عَرِّفْها عامَينِ أو ثَلَاثةً\". وقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عَدَدَها ووِعاءَها ووِكاءَها\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٣٩٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٦٨/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٤٠٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٦٩) عقب (٨١).","vol":"12","page":382},{"text":"واستَنفِعْ بها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبُها فعَرَفَ عَدَدَها ووِكاءَها فادفَعْها إلَيه\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: لَيسَ يقولُ إلَّا حَمّادٌ: \"فعَرَفَ عَدَدَها\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ بَهزٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٣). وهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ قَد أتَى بمَعناها سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ:\n\n١٢٢٣٥ - أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في اللُّقَطَةِ، فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عَدَدَهما ووِكاءَها ووِعاءَها، فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُكَ بعَدَدِها ووِكائِها، فادفَعْها إلَيه وِإلا فاستَمتِعْ بها\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ (٣).\n\n١٢٢٣٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال في آخِرِه: وقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أحصِ عَدَدَها ووِكاءَها وخَيطَها، فإِن جاءَ صاحِبها فعَرَفَ الصِّفَةَ فأعطِه إيّاها وِإلا فاستَنفِعْ (^٥) بها\".\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٧٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١١٧٠) عن بهز وغيره عن حماد به. وتقدم عقب (١٢١٨٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (١٧٠٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٢٣/ ١٠).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢١٨٤، ١٢٢٠٩).\n(^٥) في س، ز، ص ٥: \"فاستمتع\".","vol":"12","page":383},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رُوِى في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن سَلَمَةَ (^١).\n\n١٢٢٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في حَديثِ اللُّقَطَةِ قال: \"فإن جاءَ باغِيها فعَرَفَ عِفاصَها وعَدَدَها، فادفَعْها إلَيه\" (^٢).\nقال أبو داودَ: قال حَمّادٌ أيضًا: عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه.\n\n١٢٢٣٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا العَوذِىُّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن ضالَّةِ الإبِلِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ سألَه عن اللُّقَطَةِ فقالَ: \"اعرِفْ عَدَدَها ووِعاءَها وعِفاعَها وعَرِّفْها عامًا، فإن جاءَ صاحِبُها فعَرَفَ عَدَدَها وعِفاصَها فادفَعْها إلَيه وِإلا فهِى لَكَ\" (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ التى زادَ حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ في حَديثِ سلمةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٤٢٩) من طريق ابن أبى أنيسة به. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (١٢١٨٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٧٠٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٨١٢) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم في (١٢١٨٠، ١٢١٩٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (١٧٠٨).","vol":"12","page":384},{"text":"كُهَيلٍ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: \"إن جاءَ صاحِبها فعَرَفَ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها فادفَعْها إليَه\". لَيسَت بمَحفوظَةٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّيناه عن الثَّورِىِّ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ مَولَى المُنبَعِثِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بلُقَطَةٍ فقالَ: \"عَرِّفْها سنةً، ثمَّ اعوِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها، فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُكَ بها وِإلا فاستَنفِقْها\". وذَكَرَ باقِى الحديثِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عباسٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ بهَذا اللَّفظِ، ورَواه عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن سُفيانَ: \"فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُخبِرُكَ بعِفاصِها ووِكائِها وِإلا فاستَنفِقْ بها\" (^٤). وهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ لَيسَت في رِوايَةِ أكثَرِهِم، فيُشبِهُ أن تَكونَ غَيرَ مَحفوظَةٍ كما قال أبو داودَ.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أُفتِى المُلتَقِطَ إذا عَرَفَ العِفاصَ والوِكاءَ والعَدَدَ والوَزنَ، ووَقَعَ في نَفسِه أنَّه لَم يَدَّعِ باطِلًا، أن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (١٧٠٨).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٢٠٩).\n(^٣) أحمد (١٧٠٦٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٢٧، ٢٤٣٨).","vol":"12","page":385},{"text":"يُعطيَه، ولا أُجبِرُه في الحُكْمِ إلَّا ببَيِّنَةٍ تَقومُ عَلَيها كما تَقومُ على الحُقوقِ. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: وإِنَّما قَولُه - ﷺ -: \"اعرِفْ عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها\". واللَّهُ أعلمُ أن يُؤَدِّى عِفاصَها ووِكاءَها مَعَ ما يُؤَدِّى مِنها، وليَعلَمَ إذا وضَعَها في مالِه أنَّها اللُّقَطَةُ دونَ مالِه، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ استَدَلَّ على صِدقِ المُعتَرِفِ وهَذا الأظهَرُ، إنَّما قَولُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"البَيِّنَةُ علىٍّ المُدَّعِى\". فهَذا مُدَّعٍ، أرأيتَ لَو أن عَشَرَةً أو أكثَرَ وصَفوها كُلُّهُم فأصابوا صفَتَها، ألَنا أن نُعطيَهُم إيّاها يَكونونَ شُرَكاءَ فيها؟ ولَو كانوا ألفًا أو ألفَينِ ونَحنُ نَعلَمُ أن كُلَّهُم كاذِبٌ إلا واحِدًا بغَيرِ عَينِه، ولَعَلَّ الواحِدَ أن يَكونَ كاذِبًا، لَيسَ يَستَحِقُّ أحَدٌ بالصِّفَةِ شَيئًا (^١).<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2690> بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن أحيا حَسيرًا </span>(^٢)\n\n١٢٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِميَرِىِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ. قال: عن أبانٍ أن عامِرًا الشَّعبِىَّ حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن وجَدَ دابَّةً قَد عَجَزَ عَنها أهلُها أن يَعلِفوها فسَيَّبوها، فأخَذَها فأحياها، فهِى له\". قال في حَديثِ أبانٍ: قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: فقُلتُ: عَمَّن؟ قال: عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال أبو داودَ: هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ حَمّادٍ، وهو أبيَنُ وأتَمُّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٦٦.\n(^٢) الحسير: البعير المُعْيِي الذى كَلَّ من كثرة السَّيْر. تاج العروس ١١/ ١٣ (ح س ر).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٢٤)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٦٨. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٠٩).","vol":"12","page":386},{"text":"١٢٢٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ يَرفَعُ الحديثَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ دابَّةً بمَهلِكٍ فأحياها رَجُلٌ فهِى لِمَن أحياها\" (^١).\n\n١٢٢٤٢ - [وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ الحِميَرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: مَن قامَت عَلَيه دابَّتُه فتَرَكَها فهِى لِمَن أحياها] (^٢). قُلتُ: عَمَّن هذا يا أبا عمرٍو؟ فقالَ: إن شِئتَ عَدَدتُ لَكَ كَذا وكَذا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\nهذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ في رَفعِه، وهو عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعٌ، وكُلُّ أحَدٍ أحَقُّ بمالِه حَتَّى يَجعَلَه لِغَيرِه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ في رَجُلٍ سَيَّبَ دابَّتَه، فأخَذَها رَجُلٌ فأصلَحَها، قال: قال الشَّعبِىُّ: هذا قَد قُضى فيه: إن كان سَيَّبَها في كَلأً وماءٍ وأمنٍ فصاحِبُها أحَقُّ بها، وإِن كان سَيَّبَها في مَفازَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٢٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٧٠٦) من طريق ابن حميد به بنحوه. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠١٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق (١٦٤٥) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ٩/ ١٠٤ عن سعيد بن منصور به.","vol":"12","page":387},{"text":"ومَخافَةٍ، فالَّذِى أخَذَها أحَقُّ بها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2691>بابّ: لا تَحِلُّ لُقَطَةُ مَكَّةَ إلَّا لِمُنشِدٍ</span>\n\n١٢٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ مَكَّةَ: \"لا يُختَلَى (^٢) شَوكُها، ولا يُعضَدُ شَجَرُها، ولا يَلتَقِطُ ساقِطَتَها إلَّا مُنشِدٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ مُهَلهِلٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابن عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"إنَّ هذا البَلَدَ حَرامٌ حَرَّمَه اللَّهُ، لَم يَحِلَّ فيه القَتلُ لأحَدٍ قَبلِى، [وإنها لى ساعةً، فهى] (^٥) حَرامٌ حَرَّمَه اللَّهُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، لا يُنَفَّرُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ٩/ ١٠٤ عن سعيد بن منصور به. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٢٤٢) من طريق مطرف به بنحوه.\n(^٢) يختلى: يُجَزُّ. المصباح المنير ص ٦٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٩٧، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٣١٥٥) من طريق شيبان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٠٤٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (١١٢، ٦٨٨٠)، ومسلم (١٣٥٥/ ٤٤٨).\n(^٥) في ص ٥: \"ولم يحل لى إلا ساعة من نهار فهو\". وفى م: \"وإنها أحلت لى ساعة فهو\".","vol":"12","page":388},{"text":"صَيدُه، ولا يُعضَدُ شَوكُه، ولا يَلتَقِطُ لُقَطَتَه إلَّا مَن عَرَّفَها، ولا يُختَلَى خَلاه (^١) \". فقالَ العباسُ: إلَّا الِإذخِرَ (^٢) فإِنَّه لِبُيوتِهِم. فقالَ: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥).\n\n١٢٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الاسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن زَكَريّا، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُختَلَى خَلاها، ولا يُعضَدُ عِفاهُها (^٦)، ولا يُنَفَّرُ صَيدُها، ولا تَحِلُّ لُقَطَتُها إلَّا لِمُنشِدٍ\". فقالَ العباسُ: إلَّا الإِذخِرَ. فقالَ: \"إلَّا الإذخِرَ\" (^٧). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٨).\n\n١٢٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) الخلا: النبات الرطب الرقيق ما دام رَطْبًا، واختلاؤه: قطعه. النهاية ٢/ ٧٥.\n(^٢) الإذخر بكسر الهمزة: حشيشة طيبة الرائحة تُسقَّف بها البيوت فوق الخشب. النهاية ١/ ٣٣. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٢٨٧٥) عن ابن رافع مختصرًا. وأحمد (٢٨٩٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٢٠) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٥٣) عقب (٤٤٥).\n(^٥) البخارى (١٥٨٧، ٣١٨٩)، ومسلم (١٣٥٣/ ٤٤٥)، وتقدم في (١٠٠٣٦).\n(^٦) العِضَاه: اسم يقع على شجر من شجر الشوك، له أسماء مختلفة يجمعها العِضَاه، واحدها عِضَاهة. تاج العروس ١٨/ ٤٣٩ (ع ض ض).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٦٢) عن روح به. والنسائي (٢٨٩٢) من طريق عمرو بن دينار، وفيه زيادة. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٠٣٧).\n(^٨) البخارى (٢٤٣٣).","vol":"12","page":389},{"text":"الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: لَيسَ لِلحَديثِ عِندِى وجهٌ إلَّا ما قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ أنَّه لَيسَ لِواجِدِها مِنها شَيءٌ إلَّا الإنشادُ أبَدًا، وإلا فلا يَحِلُّ له أن يَمَسَّها (^١).\n\n١٢٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عثمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُقَطَةِ الحاجِّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطاهِرِ. وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2692>بابُ الجِعالَةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٢٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن أبى المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ أن رَهطًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - انطَلَقوا في سَفْرَةٍ سافَروها، فنَزَلوا بحَيٍّ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ فاستَضافوهُم فأبَوا أن\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٣٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٧٠)، وأبو داود (١٧١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٠٥)، وابن حبان (٤٨٩٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٢٤/ ١١).\n(^٤) الجعالة بكسر الجيم، وبعضهم يحكى التثليث، الجُعْل، أى الأجر. المصباح المنير (ج ع ل).","vol":"12","page":390},{"text":"يُضَيِّفوهُم. قال: فلُدِغَ سَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ الحَىِّ، فسَعَوا له بكُلِّ شَئٍ لا يَنفَعُه شَيءٌ، قال بَعضُهُم: لَو أتَيتُم هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ نَزَلوا بكُم لَعَلَّ يَكونُ عِندَ بَعضِهِم مَن يَنفَعُ صاحِبَكُم؟ فقالَ بَعضُهُم: أيُّها الرَّهطُ، إنَّ سَيِّدَنا لَديغٌ (^١)، فسَعَينا له بكُلِّ شَئٍ، فهَل عِندَ أحَدٍ مِنكُم ما يَنفَعُ صاحِبَنا؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: نَعَم إنِّى لأرقِى، ولَكِنِ استَضَفناكُم فأبَيتُم أن تُضيِّفونا، وما أنا براقٍ حَتَّى تَجعَلوا لِى جُعلًا. فجَعَلوا له قَطيعًا مِنَ الشّاءِ. قال: فأتاه فقَرأ عَلَيه أُمَّ الكِتابِ ويَتفُلُ عَلَيه حَتَّى بَرأ كأنَّه نُشِطَ مِن عِقالٍ. قال: فأوفاهُم، فجَعَلَ لَهُم الَّذِى صالَحوه عَلَيه، فقالَ: اقسِموا. فقالَ الَّذِى رَقَى: لا تَفعَلوا حَتَّى نأتِى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فنَستأمِرَه. فغَدَوا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مِن أينَ عَلِمتَ أنَّها رُقيَةٌ؟ \". وققالَ: \"أحسَنتُم، فاقتَسِموا واضرِبوا لِى مَعَكُم بسَهمٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن أبى عَوانَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى بشرٍ (^٣). وهو في هذا كالدَّلالَةِ على أن الجُعلَ إنَّما يَكونُ مُستَحَقًّا بالشَّرطِ، فأمّا الَّذِى:\n\n١٢٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَحمودٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ الشّاهِدُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاق (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، ز: \"لدغ\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٧٨٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢٧٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٠١/ ٦٥).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ١٦٥.","vol":"12","page":391},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ العَطّارُ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البالِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا خُصَيفٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في العَبدِ الآبِقِ يوجَدُ في الحَرَمِ بعَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ (^١). فهَذا ضَعيفٌ.\nوالمَحفوظُ حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قالا: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الآبِقِ يوجَدُ خارِجًا مِنَ الحَرَمِ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٢). وذَلِكَ مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدل ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ في جُعلِ الآبِقِ دينارٌ، قَريبًا أُخِذَ أو بَعيدًا (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٥٢ - وعن الحَجّاجِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٤). وعن الحَجّاجِ أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يقولُ: إذا خَرَجَ مِنَ المِصرِ فجُعلُه أربَعونَ. الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٩٠٧) عن معمر دون ذكر ابن عمر.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٤٨، ٢٢٢٥٩) من طريق ابن جريج بنحوه، مع اختلاف في السند والمتن؛ فقال في الأول: عطاه وابن أبى مليكة وعمرو بن دينار، وقال في الثانى: دينار، بدلًا من: عشرة دراهم.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٥١) من طريق الشعبى به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٥٠) من طريق حجاج به، وفيه: \"عن سعيد بن المسيب أن عمر\"، فنسبه إلى عمر.\n(^٥) تقدم قبل (٣٣).","vol":"12","page":392},{"text":"١٢٢٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى رَباحٍ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىِّ قال: أصَبتُ غِلمانًا أُبّاقًا بالعَينِ، فأتَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: الأجرُ والغَنيمَةُ. قُلتُ: هذا الأجرُ، فما الغَنيمَةُ؟ قال: أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا مِن كُلِّ رأسٍ (^١).\nوهَذا أمثَلُ ما رُوِى في هذا البابِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ عبدُ اللَّهِ عَرَفَ شَرطَ مالكِهِم لِمَن رَدَّهُم عن كُلِّ رأسٍ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا فأخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبقَسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن خَثعَمَ يُقالُ له: حَزْنٌ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنهُم قال: جِئتُ بعَبدٍ آبِقٍ مِنَ السَّوادِ فانفَلَتَ مِنِّى، فخاصَمونِى إلَى شُرَيحٍ فضَمَّنَنيه. قال: فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: كَذَبَ شُرَيحٌ وأخطأ القَضاءَ، يُحَلَّفُ العَبدُ الأسوَدُ لِلعَبدِ الأحمَرِ لانفَلَت مِنه انفِلاتًا، ثُمَّ لا شَئَ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٩١١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٤٩) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٤٩١٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٠٥).","vol":"12","page":393},{"text":"أبو إسحاقَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\nإسماعيلَ قال: قال لَنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ: عن سُفيانَ، عن [حَزْمِ بنِ بَشيرٍ] (^١)،\nعن رَجاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - في الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ الآبِقَ فيأبِقُ مِنه: لا يَضمَنُه. وضَمَّنَه شُرَيحٌ (^٢).\nونَحنُ نَقولُ بقَولِ علىٍّ إن كان الآبِقُ أبَقَ مِنه دونَ تَعَدِّيه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2693>بابُ التِقاطِ المَنبوذِ وأنَّه لا يَجوزُ تَركُه ضائعًا</span>\n\n١٢٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه، أن رسولَى اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ لا يَظلِمُه ولا يُسلِمُه، مَن كان في حاجَةِ أخيه كان اللَّهُ في حاجَتِه، ومَن فرَّجَ عن مُسلِمٍ كُربَةً فرَّجَ اللَّهُ عنه بها كُربَةً مِن كُرَبِ يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَن سَتَرَ على مُسلِمٍ سَتَرَه اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٥، م: \"حرم بن بشر\" وضبب في الأصل على الميم ولم يكتب غيرها. وفى مصادر التخريج: \"حزن بن بشير\". وسيأتى على الصواب في (١٢٣٨٨).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٦٢٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٢٢، ٦٩٥١)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٠/ ٥٨).","vol":"12","page":394},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىٍّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، ومَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا (^١) فإِلَينا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٥٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنا أولَى النّاسِ بالمُؤمِنينَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ، فأيُّكُم ما تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَيعَةً فادعونِى فإِنِّى وليُّه، وأيُّكُم ما تَرَكَ مالًا فليُؤثَرْ بمالِه عَصَبَثُه مَن كان\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الكَلُّ: العيال. ثم استعمل في كل أمر ضائع أو أمر مثقل. هدى السارى ص ١٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٧٥)، وأبو داود (٢٩٥٥) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى في (١٣١٣١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٣٩٨)، ومسلم (١٦١٩/ ١٧).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٦١)، وعنه أحمد (٨٢٣٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦١٩/ ١٦).","vol":"12","page":395},{"text":"سُوَيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: ثُمَّ قرأ عُمَرُ هذه ال آيَةَ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ﴾ [التوبة: ١١١]، الآيَة. فجَعَلَ لَهُمُ الصَّفقَتَينِ جَميعًا، واللَّهِ لَولا أن اللهَ أمَدَّكُم بخَزائنَ مِن قِبَلِه لأخَذتُ (^١) فضلَ مالِ الرَّجُلِ عن نَفسِه وعيالِه، فقَسَمتُه بَينَ فُقَراءِ المُهاجِرينَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ بَيانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ أبو النُّعمانِ، حَدَّثَنَا الصَّعْقُ (^٣) بنُ حَزْنٍ، عن فِيلِ بنِ عَرادَةَ، عن جَرادِ (^٤) بنِ طارِقٍ قال: جِئتُ أوأقبَلتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِن صَلاةِ الغَداةِ، حَتَّى إذا كان في السّوقِ فسَمِعَ صَوتَ صَبِىٍّ مَولودٍ يَبكِى حَتَّى قامَ عَلَيه، فإِذا عِندَه أُمُّه فقالَ لَها: ما شأنُكِ؟ قالَت: جِئتُ إلَى هذا السّوقِ لِبَعضِ الحاجَةِ فعَرَضَ لِى المَخاضُ فوَلَدْتُ غُلامًا - قال: وهِى إلَى جَنبِ دارِ قَومٍ في السّوقِ - فقالَ: هَل شَعَرَ بكِ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ هذه الدّارِ؟ وقالَ: ما ضَيَّعَ اللهُ أهلَ هذه الدّارِ! أما إنِّى لَو عَلِمتُ أنَّهُم شَعَروا بكِ ثُمَّ لَم يَنفَعوكِ فعَلتُ بهِم وفَعَلتُ. ثُمَّ دَعا لَها بشَربَةِ سَوِيقٍ فقالَ: اشرَبِى هذه تَقطَعُ الحَشَى (^٥) وتَعصِمُ الأمعاءَ وتُدِرُّ العُروقَ. ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل، ز: \"من\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٨٨٦ من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) كذا ضبط في الأصل، ز: بسكون العين. وضبط بكسرها في الإكمال ٥/ ١٨٠، ومشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٣.\n(^٤) في ص ٥، م: \"حراد\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ، وفى النهاية ١/ ٣٨٥، وتاج العروس ١٥/ ٥٣٦: \"الحِسّ\". قال في النهاية: الحِسّ: =","vol":"12","page":396},{"text":"دَخلنا المَسجِدَ فصَلَّى بالنّاسِ.\nقال الصَّعْقُ: حَدَّثَنِي أزهَرُ عن فِيلٍ قال: ولَو عَلِمتُ أنَّهُم شَعَروا بكِ ثُمَّ لَم يَنفَعوكِ بشَئٍ لَحَرَّقتُ عَلَيهم.\n\n١٢٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. وأخبرَنَا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أحْبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُنَينٍ أبى جَميلَةَ - رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ - أنَّه وجَدَ مَنبوذًا زَمانَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فجاءَ به إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقالَ: ما حَمَلَكَ على أخذِ هَذِه النَّسَمَةِ؟ فقالَ: وجَدتُها ضائعَةً فأخَذتُها. فقالَ له عَرِيفِى (^١): يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّه رَجُلٌ صالِحٌ. قال: أكَذَلِكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال عُمَرُ: اذهَبْ فهو حُرٌّ، ولَكَ وَلاؤُه وعَلَينا نَفَقَتُه. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ (^٢)، وحَديثُ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ مُختَصَرٌ أنَّه التَقَطَ مَنبوذًا فجاءَ به إلَى عُمَرَ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: فهو حُرٌّ ووَلاؤُه لَكَ، ونَفَقَتُه عَلَينا مِن بَيتِ المالِ (^٣)،\n_________\n= وجع يأخذ المرأة عند الولادة وبعدها.\n(^١) العريف: هو القيِّم بأمر القبيلة والمحلة يلبى أمورهم ويتعرف الأمير منه أحوالهم. معالم السنن ٣/ ٤، وينظر المقاموس المحيط (ع ر ف).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٢٩)، والشافعى ٤/ ٧١، ومالك ٢/ ٧٣٨.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٣٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦١٨٢).","vol":"12","page":397},{"text":"١٢٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ قال: قال يَحيَى: أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ أن سُنَينًا أبا جَميلَةَ أخبَرَه - قال: ونَحنُ مَعَ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ جُلوسٌ. قال: وزَعَمَ أبو جَميلَةَ أنَّه أدرَكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - - أنَّه كان خَرَجَ مَعَه عامَ الفَتحِ، فأخبَرَه أنَّه وجَدَ مَنبوذًا في خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فأخَذَه، قال: فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَريفِي، فلَمّا رآنِى عُمَرُ قال: عَسَى الغُوَيرُ أبؤُسًا (^١)، ما حَمَلَكَ على أخذِكَ هذه النَّسَمَةَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: وجَدتُها ضائعَةً فأخَذتُها. فقالَ عَرِيفِى: إنَّه رَجُلٌ صالِحٌ. قال: كَذَلِكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فاذهَبْ به فهو حُرٌّ، ولَكَ ولاؤُه وعَلَينا نَفَقَتُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2694>بابُ مَن قال: اللَّقيطُ حُرٌّ لا وَلاءَ عَلَيه</span>\nلِقَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الوَلاءُ لِمَن أعتَقَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الغوير: تصغير غار، والأبؤس: جمع بؤس وهو الشدة. وأصل هذا المثل - فيما يقال - من قول الزَّبَّاء حين قالت لقرمها، عند رجوع قصير من العراق ومعه الرجال، وبات بالغوير على طريقه: \"عسى الغوير أبؤسًا\". أى: لعل الشر يأتيكم من قِبَلِ الغار. وقيل: الغوير ماء لكلب. مجمع الأمثال للميدانى ٢/ ٣٤١، وينظر النهاية ١/ ٩٠.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٢١٤٩٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٩٤٧).","vol":"12","page":398},{"text":"أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^١) بنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ وابنُ كَثيرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه قَضَى في اللَّقيطِ أنَّه حُرٌّ، وقَرأ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخْسٍ دَرَاهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ وَكَانُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الزَّاهِدِينَ﴾ (^٢) [يوسف: ٢٠].\n\n١٢٢٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا جَهِيرُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَبْدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ وسُئلَ عن اللَّقيطِ: أيُباعُ؟ فقالَ: أبَى اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ، أما تَقرأُ سورَةَ \"يوسُفَ\"؟.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2695>بابُ: الوَلَدُ يَتبَعُ أبَوَيه في الكُفرِ، فإِذا أسلَمَ أحَدُهُما تَبِعَه الوَلَدُ في الإسلامِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ﴾ [الطور: ٢١]، وتُقرأُ: (وأتبَعناهُم ذُرّيّاتِهِم بإيمانٍ ألحَقنا بهِم ذُرِّيّاتِهِم) (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مَولودٍ يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ، فأبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ١٦١. وتقدم على الصواب في (٣٤١٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٦٩ من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٠٦) من طريق الحسن بنحوه دون ذكر الآية.\n(^٣) وهى قراءة أبى عمرو ابن العلاء. ينظر حجة القراءات ص ٦٨١.","vol":"12","page":399},{"text":"ويُنَصِّرانِه، كما تَناتَجُ الإِبِلُ مِن بَهيمَةٍ جَمعاءَ (^١)، هَل تُحِسُّ مِن جَدعاءَ؟ \" (^٢). قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفَرأيتَ مَن يَموتُ وهو صَغيرٌ؟ قال: \"اللَّهُ أعلمُ بما كانوا عامِلينَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأخرَمُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ حَربٍ، عن الزُّبَيدِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ قال: كان أبو هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِن مَولود في بَنِى آدَمَ إِلَّا يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ، حَتَّى يَكونَ أبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه أو يُنَصِّرانِه أو يُمَجِّسانِه، كما تُنتَجُ البَهيمَةُ بَهيمَةً (^٤) جَمعاءَ، هَل تُحِسُّونَ فيها مِن جَدعاءَ؟ \". ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: واقرَءوا إن شِئتُم ﴿فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الروم: ٣٠]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حاجِبِ بنِ الوَليدِ عن محمدِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البهيمة الجمعاء: هى السليمة، سميت بذلك لاجتماع السلامة لها في أعضائها. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٥١.\n(^٢) الجدعاء: مجدوعة الأذن. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٠١. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ١٩٤، وأبو داود (٤٧١٤)، ومالك ١/ ٢٤١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (١٣٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٢/ ٢٦٥٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٧١٨١)، ومسلم (٢٦٥٨) عقب (٢٢)، وابن حبان (١٣٠) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"12","page":400},{"text":"ورَواه يونسُ بن يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ:\n\n١٢٢٦٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الو بكرِ ابنُ أبى نَصرٍ الدّارَبَردِىُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أن أبا هريرة قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن مَولود إلَّا يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ، أبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثمْا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يولَدُ يولَدُ على هذه الفِطرَةِ، فأبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه ويُنَصِّرانِه كما تُنتِجونَ (^٣) البَهيمَةَ، فهَل تَجِدونَ فيها مِن جَدعاءَ حَتَّى تَكونوا أنتُم تَجدَعونَهما؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفَرأيتَ مَن يَموتُ وهو صَغيرٌ؟ قال: \"اللَّهُ أعلمُ بما كانوا عامِلينَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ عن إسحاقَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في القضاء والقدر (٥٩٢)، وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٠٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٦٥٨) عقب (٢٢).\n(^٣) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"تنتج\". وفى س: \"ينتجون\".\n(^٤) المصنف قى القضاء والقدر (٥٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٧٩) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٥٩٩)، ومسلم (٢٦٥٨/ ٢٤).","vol":"12","page":401},{"text":"١٢٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ مِن مَولودٍ يولَدُ إلَّا على هذه المِلَّةِ حَتَّى يُبِينَ عنه لِسانُه، فأبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه أو (^١) يُنَصِّرانِه أو يُشَرِّ كانه أو يُمَجِّسانه\". قال: فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فكَيفَ بمَن كان قبلَ ذَلِكَ؟ يَعنِى ماتَ. قال: \"اللَّهُ أعلمُ بما كمانوا عامِلينَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nواختُلِفَ فيه على الأعمَشِ؛ فقالَ عنه جَريرٌ: \"إلَّا على الفِطرَةِ\". وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عنه جَماعَةٌ (^٤)، وقالَ عنه حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ: \"على الإسلامِ\" (^٥). وكانَ الأَعْمَشُ يَروِى هذا الحديثَ على المَعنَى عِندَه لا على اللَّفظِ المَروِيَّ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ إنسانٍ تَلِدُه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٤٥) عن أبى معاوية به. والترمذى (٢١٣٨) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٥٨) عقب (٢٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٢٣/ ٢٦٥٨) من طريق جرير. وأحمد (١٠٢٤١)، والترمذى عقب (٢١٣٨) من طريق وكيع، كلاهما عن الأعمش به.\n(^٥) أخرجه قاسم المطرز في فوائده (١٨٦ - ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية) من طريق ابن عياش به.","vol":"12","page":402},{"text":"أُمُّه على الفِطرَةِ، أبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه أو يُنَصِّرانِه أو يُمَجِّسانِه، فإِن كانا مُسلِمَينِ فمُسلِمٌ، كُلُّ إنسانٍ تَلِدُه أُمُّه يَلكُزُه الشَّيطانُ في حِضْنَيه (^١) إلَّا مَريَمَ وابنَها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٧١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ سَريعٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مَولودٍ يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ حَتَّى يُعرِبَ عن نَفسِه\". زادَ فيه غَيرُه: \"فأبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه ويُنَصِّرانِه\" (^٤). قال الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِىِّ عنه: قَولُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مَولودٍ يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ\". التى فطَرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيها الخَلقَ، فجَعَلَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - ما لَم يُفصِحوا بالقَولِ فيَختاروا أحَدَ القَولَينِ: الإيمانَ أوِ الكُفرَ - لا حُكمَ لَهُم في أنفُسِهِم، إنَّما الحُكمُ لَهُم بآبائِهم، فما كان آباؤُهُم يَومَ يولَدونَ فهو بحالِه، إمّا مُؤمِنٌ فعَلَى إيمانِه، أو كافِرٌ فعَلَى كُفرِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٢٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) تثنية حضن، وهو الجنب، وقيل: الخاصرة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٦/ ٢١٠.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٣٥)، والقضاء والقدر (٥٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨١٥) من طريق العلاء بطرفه الأخير.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥/ ٢٦٥٨).\n(^٤) مسدد - كما في الإتحاف للبوصيرى (٦٠٩١)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٨٢٩) مطولًا. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٨٩) من طريق يونس به مطولًا. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣١٦: رواه أحمد بأسانيد ثم قال: وبعض أسانيد أحمد رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) ينظر معرفة السنن والآثار عقب (٣٨٣١)، والشعب عقب (٨٥).","vol":"12","page":403},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ قال: سَمِعتُ حَمَّادَ بنَ سلمةَ يُفَسِّرُ حَديثَ: \"كُلُّ مَولود يولَدُ عَلى الفِطرَةِ\". قالَ: هذا عِندَنا حَيثُ أخَذَ اللهُ ﷿ عَلَيهِمُ العَهدَ في أصلابِ آبائِهم حَيثُ قال: ﴿أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى﴾ (^١) [الأعراف: ١٧٢].\n\n١٢٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مَولودٍ يولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ، فأبَواه يُهَوِّدانِه ويُنَصِّرانه ويُمَجِّسانه\". قال الأوزاعِيُّ: لا يُخرِجانِه مِن عِلمِ اللَّهِ، وإِلَى عِلمِ اللَّهِ يَصيرونَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2696>بابُ ذِكرِ بَعضِ مَن صارَ مُسلِمًا بإِسلامِ أبَوَيه أو أحَدِهِما مِن أولادِ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃</span>\n\n١٢٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ الطَّستِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ البَزّارُ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في القضاء والقدر (٦٠٦)، وأبو داود (٤٧١٦).\n(^٢) المصنّف في القضاء والقدر (٦٠٤). وأخرجه اللالكائى في اعتقاد أهل السنة (٩٩٦) من طريق العباس بن الوليد به. وابن حبان (١٢٨) من طريق الأوزاعي، بدون قول الأوزاعى.\n(^٣) في ز، ص ٥: \"البزاز\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٩٩.","vol":"12","page":404},{"text":"اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنٍ شِهابٍ أن عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: واللَّهِ ما عَقَلتُ أبَوَىَّ قَطُّ إلَّا يَدينانِ الدّينَ، وما مَرَّ عَلَينا يَومٌ قَطُّ إلَّا يأتينا فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بُكرَةً وعَشيًّا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وعائشَةُ - ﵂ - وُلِدَت على الإسلامِ؛ لأنَّ أباها أسلَمَ في ابتِداءِ المَبعَثِ، وثابِتٌ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَها وهِى ابنَةُ سِتٍّ، وبَنَى بها وهِى ابنَةُ تِسعٍ، وماتَ عَنها وهِى ابنَةُ ثَمانَ عَشْرَةَ (^٣)، لَكِنَّ أسماءَ بنتَ أبى بكرٍ وُلِدَت في الجاهِليَّةِ، ثُمَّ أسلَمَت بإِسلامِ أبيها؛ لأنَّها هاجَرَت إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهِى حُبلَى بعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ فوَضَعَته بقُباءٍ، فلَم تُرضِعْه حَتَّى أتَت به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فحَنَّكَه ودَعا له، وكانَ أوَّلَ مَولودٍ وُلِدَ في الإسلامِ بعدَ مَقدَمِه المَدينَةَ:\n\n١٢٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ أنَّها حَمَلَت بعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ بمَكَّةَ، قالَت: فخَرَجتُ وأنا مُتِمٌّ (^٤)، فأتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فنَزَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥)، وابن حبان (٦٢٧٧) من طريق الزهرى به مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٦).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٣٧٧٦).\n(^٤) يقال: امرأة مُتِمٌّ. للحامل إذا شارفت الوضع. النهاية ١/ ١٩٧.","vol":"12","page":405},{"text":"بقُباءٍ، فوَلَدتُه بقُباءٍ، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فوَضَعَه في حَجرِه، ثُمَّ دَعا بتَمرَةٍ فمَضغَها ثُمَّ تَفَلَ في فِيهِ، فكانَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ دَخَلَ جَوفَه ريقُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ حَنَّكَه ثُمَّ دَعا له وبَرَّكَ عَلَيه، وكانَ أوَّلَ مَولودٍ وُلِدَ في الإسلامِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\nزادَ فيه عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ عن هِشامٍ: فلَم تُرضِعْه حَتَّى أتَت به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - \" (^٣). وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ مَندَه حِكايَةً عن ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ، أن أسماءَ بنتَ أبى بكرٍ كانَت أكبَرَ مِن عائشةَ بعَشْرِ سِنينَ (^٤).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وإِسلامُ أُمِّ أسماءَ تأخَّرَ، قالَت أسماءُ: قَدِمَت على أُمِّى وهِى مُشرِكَة. في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَته (^٥)، وهِى قُتَيلَةُ مِن بَنِى مالكِ بنِ حِسْلٍ ولَيسَت بأُمِّ عائشةَ، فكانَ إسلامُ أسماءَ بإِسلامِ أبيها دونَ أُمِّها. وأمّا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ فكأنَّه كان بالِغًا حينَ أسلَمَ أبَواه فلَم يَتبَعْهُما في الإسلامِ حَتَّى أسلَمَ بعدَ مُدَّةٍ طَويلَةٍ، وكانَ أسَنَّ أولادِ أبى بكرٍ.\n\n١٢٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٣٨) عن أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٩٠٩، ٥٤٦٩)، ومسلم (٢١٤٦/ ٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٢١٤٦/ ...)، وعلقه البخاري عقب (٣٩٠٩) من طريق على بن مسهر ولم يذكر القصة، وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد (٥٧٣) من طريق ابن مسهر بدون الزيادة.\n(^٤) معرفة الصحابة لابن منده (٦٧٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٢٦٢٠)، ومسلم (١٠٠٣/ ٥٠). وتقدم في (٧٩١٩، ٧٩٢٠).","vol":"12","page":406},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى المَعنَى، قال أحمدُ: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصينِ قال: كُنتُ أقرأُ على أُمِّ سَعدٍ بنتِ الرَّبيعِ، وكانَت يَتيمَةً في حَجرِ أبى بكرٍ، فقَرأتُ: (والَّذينَ عاقَدَت (^١) أيمانُكُم) [النساء: ٣٣] فقالَت: لا تَقرأْ (^٢): ﴿وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ (^٣) أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ إنَّما نَزَلَت في أبى بكرٍ وابنِه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ حينَ أبَى الإسلامَ، فحَلَفَ أبو بكرٍ ألَّا يوَرِّثَه، فلَمّا أسلَمَ أمَرَه نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُؤتيَه نَصيبَه. زادَ عبدُ العَزيزِ: وما أسلَمَ حَتَّى حُمِلَ على الإسلامِ بالسَّيفِ (^٤).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وزَعَمَ الواقِدِىُّ أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ أسلَمَ في هُدنَةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وزَعَمَ عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ أنَّه هاجَرَ في فتيَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قبلَ الفَتحِ، وزَعَمَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ (^٥) أن اسمَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ في الجاهِليَّةِ عبدُ العُزَّي، فسَمّاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، وزَعَمَ مُصعَبُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ أن أُمَّ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعائشَة أمُّ رومانَ بنتُ عامِرٍ أسلَمت وحَسُنَ إسلامُها.\n\n١٢٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) هى قراءة الحجازيين والبصرى والشامي، وقرأ الكوفيون: (عقدت) بغير مد. النشر ٢/ ١٨٧، وحجة القراءات ص ٢٠١.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"تقرءوا\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"عاقدت\". وهو الموافق لأبى داود، وينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٨٩.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩٢٣). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٩٩٣) من طريق محمد بن سلمة بنحوه. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٢٦).\n(^٥) ينظر المستدرك ٣/ ٤٧٣.","vol":"12","page":407},{"text":"عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَمّا أسلَمَ عُمَرُ اجتَمَعَ النّاسُ عَلَيه قالوا: صَبأ عُمَرُ، صَبأ عُمَرُ. وأنا على ظَهرِ بَيتٍ، فجاءَ العاصُ بنُ وائلٍ وعَلَيه قَباءُ دِيباجٍ مُكَفَّفَةٌ بحَريرٍ، فقالَ: صَبأ عُمَرُ فمَهْ؟ أنا له جارٌ (^١). قال: فتَفَرَّقَ الناسُ. قال: فعَجِبتُ مِن عِزِّه يَومَئذٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nفعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أسلَمَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ صَبِيٌّ، فصارَ مُسلِمًا بإِسلامِه، وذَلِكَ لِما في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عَرَضَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فاستَصغَرَنِى (^٤).\nوقَد قيلَ: إنَّ حَفصَةَ وعَبدَ اللهِ أسلَما قبلَ أبيهِما، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ كان صَغيرًا حينَئذٍ، فإِنَّما تَمَّ إسلامُه بإِسلامِ أبيه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوأمّا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فإِنَّه خَرَجَ إلَى بَدرٍ مَعَ المُشرِكينَ، وأُسِرَ حَتَّى فدَى نَفسَه وأسلَمَ:\n\n١٢٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ،\n_________\n(^١) أنا له جار: أى أجرته من أن يظلمه ظالم. فتح البارى ٧/ ١٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في فضائل الصحابة (٣٧٣) عن ابن أبى عمر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٦٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥١٥٣).","vol":"12","page":408},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: قال موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أن رِجالًا مِنَ الأنصارِ استأذَنوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: ائذَنْ لَنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فلنَترُكْ لابنِ أُختِنا عباسٍ فِداءَه. فقالَ: \"لا واللَّهِ لا تَذَرونَ (^١) دِرهَمًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٣). وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عباسٍ إذ ذاكَ كان صَبيًّا صَغيرًا، إلَّا أن أُمَّه كانَت أسلَمَت، فصارَ مُسلِمًا بإِسلامِ أُمِّهِ. قال البخارىُّ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ مَعَ أُمِّه مِنَ المُستَضعَفينَ، ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَ أبيه على دينِ قَومِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أنا وأُمِّى مِنَ المُستَضعَفينَ؛ كانَت أُمِّى مِنَ النِّساءِ وأنا مِنَ الوِلدانِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n\n١٢٢٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"تدعون منه\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في دلائل النبوة ٣/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٩٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى أويس به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٣٧، ٣٠٤٨).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (١٣٥٣).\n(^٥) جزء سعدان (٤٩).\n(^٦) البخارى (١٣٥٧).","vol":"12","page":409},{"text":"أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النُّعمانِ عارِمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في هَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٨]. قال: كُنتُ أنا وأُمِّى مِمَّن عَذَرَ اللهُ تَعالَى ذِكرُه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِيِّ، عن مُعاذِ ابنِ جَبَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الإسلامُ يَزيدُ ولا يَنقُصُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٨٢ - ورَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبى الأسوَدِ أن رَجُلًا حَدَّثَه أن مُعاذًا قاله. فذَكَرَه كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ (^٤).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ (^٥) واللَّهُ أعلمُ أن حُكمَ الإِسلامِ يُغَلَّبُ، ومِن تَغليبِه أن يُحكَمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٢٤٠) عن عليّ بن عبد الحزيز به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٨٨، ٤٥٩٧).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٥٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٠٥، ٢٢٠٥٧)، وأبو داود (٢٩١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٢٥). وسيأتى في (١٢٥٩٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩١٢)، ومسدد - كما في الإتحاف للبوصيرى (٤٠٨٢) مطولًا. وضعفه الألباني في ضجف أبى داود (٦٢٤). وسيأتى في (١٢٥٩٦).\n(^٥) في الأصل، ص ٥: \"أرادوا\".","vol":"12","page":410},{"text":"لِلوَلَدِ بالإِسلامِ بإِسلامِ أحَدِ أبَوَيهِ.\n\n١٢٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُبانَةَ (^١) الشّاهِدُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا [أبو جَعفَر] (^٢) محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه النَّسَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ السَّرّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابُ بنُ خَيّاطٍ العُصفُرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَشرَجُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَشرَجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّي، عن عائذِ بنِ عمرٍو أنَّه جاءَ يَومَ الفَتحِ مَعَ أبى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربٍ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَولَه أصحابُه، فقالوا: هذا أبو سُفيانَ وعائذُ بنُ عمرٍو. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذا عائذُ بنُ عمرٍو وأبو سُفيانَ، الإسلامُ أعَزُّ مِن ذَلِكَ، الإِسلامُ يَعلو ولا يُعلَى\" (^٣).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وقالَ الحَسَنُ وشُرَيحٌ وإِبراهيمُ وقَتادَةُ: إذا أسلَمَ أحَدُهُما، فالوَلَدُ مَعَ المُسلِمِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2697>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُحكَمُ بإِسلامِ الصَّبِىِّ بنَفسِه وأبَواه كافِرانِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ فيَصِفَ الإِسلامَ</span>\n\n١٢٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ موسَى قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية س، ص ٥: \"شبابة\". وهو عبد الرَّحمن بن محمد بن عبد الله بن بندار بن شبانة، قال شيرويه: كان صدوقًا من أهل الشهادات ومن تُنّاء البلد. توفى سنة (٤٢٥ هـ). السير ١٧/ ٤٣٢.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"جعفر بن\"، وفى سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٤٣٢: \"محمد بن على بن محمويه النسوى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الرويانى (٧٨٣) عن السراج مختصرا، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٢ من طريق شباب به.\n(^٤) علقه عنهم البخاري قبل (١٣٥٤). وسيأتى قول الحسن وشريح موصولين في (٢١٣٣٣، ٢١٣٣٤). وينظر في قول إبراهيم وقتادة مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٨٩٩). وعن إبراهيم في (١٩٣٢٤). وينظر تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤٨٨.","vol":"12","page":411},{"text":"وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمَّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثةٍ؛ عن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ، وعن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ\" (^١).\nورُوِّينَا عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2698>بابُ مَن قال: يُحكَمُ بصِحَّةِ إسلامِه</span>\n\n١٢٢٨٥ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن غُلامًا مِنَ اليَهودِ كان يَخدُمُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فمَرِضَ، فأتاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُه، فقَعَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ رأسِه، فنَظَرَ الغُلامُ إلَى أبيه فقالَ: أطِعْ أبا القاسِمِ. فأسلَمَ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى أنقَذَه بى مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٥٦٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥١٥٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٦٧١).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٣٥٦).","vol":"12","page":412},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ أخبرَنِى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حَمزَةَ - رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ - قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ يقولُ: أوَّلُ مَن صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عليُّ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لإِبراهيمَ، فأنكَرَ ذَلِكَ وقالَ: أبو بكرٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ زَكَريّا البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَطاءٍ المَقدِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّامِيُّ، عن النَّجيبِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ قال: قال علىٌّ في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَه:\nسَبَقتُهُمُ إلَى الإِسلامِ قِدْمًا ... غُلامًا ما بَلَغتُ أوانَ حُلْمِى (^٢)\nلَيسَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: قِدمًا. وهَذا شائعٌ فيما بَينَ النّاسِ مِن قَولِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقَعْ إلَينا بإِسنادٍ يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِه. واختَلَفَ أهلُ العِلمِ في سِنِّه يَومَ أسلَمَ:\n\n١٢٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: أسلَمَ علىٌّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨١)، والترمذى (٣٧٣٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١٣٧) من طريق شعبة به. وعند أحمد والترمذى: أول من أسلم. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٢/ ٥٢٠ من طريق المصنّف به.","vol":"12","page":413},{"text":"وهو ابنُ ثَمانِ سِنينَ (^١).\n\n١٢٢٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أن علىّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ أسلَمَ وهو ابنُ عَشرِ سِنينَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٢٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ في المَغازِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا (^٣) يونُسُ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى نَجيحٍ قال: أُراه عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: أسلَمَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وهو ابنُ عَشرِ سِنينَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ الوَليدِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ شَريكًا يقولُ: أسلَمَ علىٌّ وهو ابنُ إحدَى (^٥) عَشْرَةَ سنةً (^٦).\n\n١٢٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ. وأخبرَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عيسَى بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٥٩، والطبرانى (١٦٢) من طريق يحيى ابن بكرٍ به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ١١١. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣١٠) من طريق آخر عن محمد بن إسحاق.\n(^٣) في ز: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن إسحاق في سيرته (١٧٤) عن ابن أبى نجيح.\n(^٥) سقط من: ز.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٢/ ٢٦ من طريق المصنّف به.","vol":"12","page":414},{"text":"وأبو بشرٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ وغَيرِه: وكانَ أوَّلَ مَن آمَنَ به عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وهو ابنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ أو سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِهِما، وفِى حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ قال: عن الحَسَنِ وغَيرِ واحِدٍ قال: أوَّلُ مَن أسلَمَ علىٌّ بعدَ خَديجَةَ وهو ابنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً أو سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سنةً (^١).\n\n١٢٢٩٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسعَرٌ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَفَعَ الرّايَةَ إلَى عليٍّ يَومَ بَدرٍ وهو ابنُ عِشرينَ سنةً (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ووَقعَةُ بَدرٍ كانَت بعدَما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ بسَنَةٍ ونِصفِ سنةٍ، واختَلَفوا في قَدرِ مُقامِه بمَكَّةَ بَعدما بُعِثَ؛ فقيلَ: عَشْرًا. وقيلَ: ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً. وقيلَ: خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً. فإِن كان عَشْرًا وصَحَّ أن عَليًّا كان ابنَ عِشرينَ سنةً يَومَ بَدرٍ رَجَعَ سِنُّه يَومَ أسلَمَ إلَى قَريبٍ مِمّا قال عُروَةُ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ، وإِن كان ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ أو خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فإِلَى أقَلَّ مِن ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٣٨)، وعبد الرزاق عقب (٩٧١٩)، وفى (٢٠٣٩١)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (١٦٣)، والحاكم ٣/ ١١١.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ١١١ وصححه.","vol":"12","page":415},{"text":"واختَلَفوا في سِنِّ علىٍّ - ﵁ - يَومَ قُتِلَ؛ فقيلَ: خَمسٌ وسِتّونَ. وقيلَ: ثَلاثٌ وسِتّونَ. وقيلَ أقَلُّ مِن ذَلِكَ. وأشهَرُه ثَلاثٌ وسِتّونَ على رأسِ أربَعينَ مِن مُهاجَرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ فيَرجِعُ سِنُّه يَومَ أسلَمَ على قَولِ مَن قال: مَكَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ عَشْرًا. إلَى ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً. وعَلَى قَولِ مَن قال: ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ. إلَى عَشرِ سِنينَ، ففِى أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ كان - ﵁ - بَلَغَ مِنَ السِّنِّ حينَ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قَدرًا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ احتَلَمَ فيه، وما رُوِى مِنَ الشِّعرِ مُحتَمِلٌ لِلتّأويلِ مَعَ ضَعفِ إسنادِه، على أنَّ الحُكمَ بصِحَّةِ قَولِ البالِغِ دونَ الصَّبِىِّ المُمَيِّزِ وقَعَ شَرعُه بعدَ إسلامِ علىٍّ - ﵁ -، فإِسلامُه كان مَحكومًا بصِحَّتِه؛ إمّا لأنَّه بَقِى حَتَّى وصَفَ الإِسلامَ بعدَ بُلوغِه، أو لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خاطَبَه بالدُّعاءِ إلَى الاسلامِ وغَيرُه مِنَ الصِّبيانِ غَيرُ مُخاطَبٍ، أو لأنَّ قَولَ الصَّبِىِّ المُمَيِّزِ إذ ذاكَ كان مَحكومًا بصِحَّتِه قبلَ وُرودِ الشَّرعِ بغَيرِه، أو كان قَدِ احتَلَمَ فصارَ بالِغًا به، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nهذا وقَد ذَهَبَ الحَسَنُ البَصرِيُّ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ في رِوايَةِ قَتادَةَ إلَى أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أسلَمَ وهو ابنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً أو سِتَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً كما مَضَى ذِكرُه.\n\n١٢٢٩٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ","vol":"12","page":416},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً؛ يَسمَعُ الصَّوتَ ويَرَى الضَّوءَ سَبْعَ سِنينَ ولا يَرَى شَيئًا، وثَمانَ سِنينَ يوحَى إلَيه، وأقامَ بالمَدينَةِ عَشْرًا. وفِى رِوايَةِ حَجَّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ: سَبْعًا يَرَى الضَّوءَ ويَسمَعُ الصَّوتَ، وثَمانيًا يوحَى إلَيه، وأقامَ بالمَدينَةِ عَشْرًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وإِلَى مِثلِ هذا ذَهَبَ الحَسَنُ في قَدرِ ما كان يوحَى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ، فعَلَى هذا التَّفصيلِ يَكونُ إسلامُ عليٍّ بعدَ السِّنينَ السَّبْعِ وهو بعدَما أوحِى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيَكونُ مُقامُه بمَكَّةَ بعدَ الوَحي ثَمانَ سِنينَ، فيَكونُ عليٌّ - ﵁ - على قَولِ مَن قال: قُتِلَ وهو ابنُ ثَلاثٍ وسِتّينَ سنةً عَلِى رأسِ أربَعينَ مِن مُهاجَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أسلَمَ ابنَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً كما رُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ، إلَّا أن الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةَ في مُقامِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ بعدَ الوَحي تَدُلُّ على أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلَمةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَبِثَ بمَكَّةَ عَشْرَ سِنينَ يُنزَلُ عَلَيه القُرآنُ، وبِالمَدينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنينَ يُنزَلُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٨٤٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٦٢٧ من طريق الحجاج ابن منهال به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٥٣/ ١٢٣).","vol":"12","page":417},{"text":"عَلَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\nوكَذا رَواه رَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٢٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجُ (^٤) بنُ النُّعمانِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أبى جَمرَةَ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، وبِالمَدينَةِ عَشْرًا، وماتَ وهو ابنُ ثلاثٍ وسِتّينَ (^٥).\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمَّاد بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٦).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وعِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٢٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ الطّابَرانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَكَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، وتوُفِّى وهو ابنُ ثَلاثٍ وسِتينَ (^٧). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَطَرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٩٧٧) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٤٦٤، ٤٤٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٣٥٤٧، ٣٥٤٨، ٥٩٠٠).\n(^٤) في ز: \"شريح\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٢٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٣٥١/ ١١٨).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥١٦)، والترمذى (٣٦٥٢) من طريق روح به.","vol":"12","page":418},{"text":"الفَضلِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، كِلاهُما عن رَوحٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٢٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الطّابَرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بُعِثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو لأربَعينَ سنةً، فمَكَثَ بمَكَّةَ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ يوحَى إلَيه، ثُمَّ أُمِرَ بالهِجرَةِ فهاجَرَ عَشْرَ سِنينَ، وماتَ وهو ابنُ ثَلاثٍ وسِتّينَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَطَرِ بنِ الفَضلِ عن رَوحٍ (^٣).\nوأمّا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ فقَدِ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ في مَبلَغِ سِنِّه يَومَ أسلَمَ عن عُروةَ:\n\n١٢٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُقيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: أسلَمَ الزُّبَيرُ وهو ابنُ ثَمانِ سِنينَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٩٠٣)، ومسلم (٢٣٥١/ ١١٧).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥١٧) عن روح به. وأحمد (٢١١٠)، والترمذى (٣٦٢١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٩٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٨/ ٣٤٤ من طريق المصنّف به. والطبرانى عقب (٢٣٨)، والحاكم ٣/ ٣٦٠ من طريق ابن بكرٍ به. والطبرانى (٢٣٩) من طريق الليث عن أبى الأسود من قوله.","vol":"12","page":419},{"text":"يوسُفُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، أخبرَنِي أبى أن الزُّبَيرَ أسلَمَ يَومَ أسلَمَ وهو ابنُ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، فما تَخَلَّفَ عن غَزوَةٍ غَزاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَطُّ، وقُتِلَ وهو ابنُ بضعٍ وسِتِّينَ سنةً (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٨/ ٣٤٥ من طريق المصنّف به. وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ١/ ١٢١ (٤١٢) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\nوإلى هنا آخر ما وصلنا من نسخة (ص ٥) وكتب في آخرها: \"يتلوه كتاب الفرائض\".","vol":"12","page":420},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2699>كتاب الفرائض</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2700>بابُ الحَثِّ على تَعليمِ (^١) الفَرائضِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفقيهُ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ. [وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ] (^٢)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ رافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"العِلمُ ثَلاثَة وما سِوَى ذَلِكَ فهو فضلٌ؛ آيَة مُحكَمَةٌ، أو سُنَّة قائمَةٌ، أو فريضَةٌ عادِلَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَقانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عَوفٍ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَعلَّموا القُرآنَ وعَلِّموه النّاسَ، وتَعَلَّموا العِلمَ وعَلِّموه النّاسَ، وتَعَلَّموا الفَرائضَ وعَلِّموه النّاسَ؛ فإنَّ العِلمَ سَيَنقَضِى وتَظهَرُ الفِتَنُ حَتَّى يَختَلِفَ الاثنانِ في الفَريضَةِ لا يَجِدانِ مَن يَفصِلُ بَينَهُما\" (^٤).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن عَوفٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز، وحاشية الأصل: \"تعلم\".\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٦.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٢٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٨٥)، وابن ماجة (٥٤) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن زياد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦١٥).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٤٢). وأخرجه الترمذى عقب (٢٠٩١) من طريق أبى أسامة به.","vol":"12","page":421},{"text":"١٢٣٠٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُثَنَّى بنُ بكرٍ العَطّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوفٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه مَرفوعًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فإِنّى امرُؤٌ مَقبوضٌ، وِإنَّ العِلمَ سَيُقبَضُ حَتَّى يَختَلِفَ الرَّجُلانِ في الفَريضَةِ فلا يَجِدانِ مَن يُخبِرُهُما بها\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ المالِكِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الضَّحّاكِ أبو عبدِ اللهِ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبى العَطّافِ مَولَى بَنِى سَهمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ المَدَنِىُّ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَعَلَّموا الفَرائضَ وعَلِّموه النّاسَ؛ فإِنَّه نِصفُ العِلمِ، وهو يُنسَي، وهوأوَّلُ شَئٍ يُنتَزَعُ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٠٢٨) من طريق محمد بن أبى بكر به. وذكره الدارقطنى ٤/ ٨١ عن المثنى بن بكر به. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٧/ ٣١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٧١٩) من طريق حفص بن عمر به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٩٦٤): رواه الحاكم في المستدرك، وقال: إنه صحيح الإسناد، وتصحيحه فيه نظر؛ فإن حفص بن عمر المذكور ضعفه ابن معين والبخارى والنسائي وأبو حاتم، وقال ابن حبان: لا يجرز الاحتجاج به بحال، وقال ابن عدى: قليل الحديث، وحديثه كما قال البخاري: منكر. وينظر معرفة التذكرة لابن طاهر ص ١٣٩.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٢٢٦).","vol":"12","page":422},{"text":"١٢٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن موَرِّقٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: تَعَلَّموا الفَرائضَ واللَّحنَ والسُّنَةَ كما تَعَلَّمونَ القُرآنَ (^١).\n\n١٢٣٠٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: تَعَلَّموا الفَرائِضَ؛ فإِنَّها مِن دينِكُم (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن أبى هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إذا لَهَوتُم فالهُوا بالرَّمي، وإِذا تَحَدَّثتُم فتَحَدَّثوا بالفَرائضِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأحوَصِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن تَعَلَّمَ القُرآنَ فليَتَعَلَّمِ الفَرائضَ، ولا يَكُنْ كَرَجُلٍ لَقِيَه أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ له: يا عبدَ اللهِ أأعرابِىٌّ (^٤) أم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١) عن أبى عوانة به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٦٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٥٧) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٣٣ من طريق أبى هلال عن قتادة عن ابن المسيب عن عمر.\n(^٤) في م: \"أعرابى\".","vol":"12","page":423},{"text":"مُهاجِرٌ؟ فإِن قال: مُهاجِرٌ. قال: إنسانٌ مِن أهلِى ماتَ، فكَيفَ نَقسِمُ (^١) ميراثَه؟ فإِن عَلِمَ (^٢) كان خَيرًا أعطاه اللهُ إيّاه، وإِن قال: لا أدرِى. قال: فما فضلُكُم عَلَينا\" إنَّكُم تَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ ولا تَعلَمونَ الفَرائضَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَلَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: مَن تَعَلَّمَ القُرآنَ فليَتَعَلَّمِ الفَرائضَ، فإِن لَقيَه أعرابِىٌّ قال: يا مُهاجِرُ أتَقرأُ القُرآنَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: وأنا أقرأُ القُرآنَ. فإِن قال: تَفرِضُ؟ قال: نَعَم. كان ذَلِكَ، وإِن قال: لا. قال: فما فضلُكَ عَلَىَّ (^٤)؟\n\n١٢٣١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ أُرَى، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: مَن قرَأ القُرآنَ فليَتَعَلَّمِ الفَرائضَ، ولا يَكُنْ كَرَجُلٍ لَقيَه أعرابِىٌّ فيَقولُ: يا مُهاجِرُ أتَقرأُ القُرآنَ؟ فإِن قال: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّ إنسانًا مِن أهلِى ماتَ، فتَفُضُّ (^٥) فريضَتَه؟ فإِن حَدَّثَه فهو عِلمٌ عَلِمَه وزيادَةٌ زادَه اللهُ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦: \"يقسم\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"علمه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٥٥، ٣١٥٥٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٩٠٠)، والطبرانى (٨٧٤٣) من طريق سفيان به. والحاكم ٤/ ٣٣٣ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٥) في س: \"فتقضى\". وفى م: \"فتقض\".","vol":"12","page":424},{"text":"وإِلا قال: فبِما تَفضُلونَنا يا مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ (^١)؟\n\n١٢٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ ابنِ مُصرِّفٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ الوَليدِ قال: قال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: تَعَلَّموا الفَرائضَ والحَجَّ والطَّلاقَ؛ فإِنَّه مِن دينِكُم (^٢).\n\n١٢٣١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ الخِرِّيتِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يَضَعُ الكَبلَ (^٣) في رِجلِى يُعَلِّمُنِى القُرآنَ والفَرائضَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنِى بشرُ بنُ الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: إنَما قيلَ: الفَرائضُ نِصفُ العِلمِ. لأنَّه يُبتَلَى به النّاسُ كُلُّهُم.\nقال الشيخُ: ويُذكَرُ عن طاوُسٍ وقَتادَةَ: الفَريضةُ ثُلُثُ العِلمِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الغوى في الجعديات (٢٥٣٩) عن زهير أبى خيثمة. بذكر: أبى الأحوص. مكان أبى عبيدة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٨٩٨) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.\n(^٣) الكبل: القيد. المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤١/ ٨٢ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد في علله (١١٧) من قول طاوس. وعبد الرزاق (٢١٠١٣) من قول قتادة.","vol":"12","page":425},{"text":"١٢٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: سألتُ عَلقَمَةَ عن الفَرائضِ قال: إذا أرَدتَ أن تَعَلَّمَها فأمِتْ جيرانَكَ ووَرِّثْ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2701>بابُ تَرجيحِ قَولِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِت على قَولِ غَيِره مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ ﵃ أجمَعيَن في عِلمِ الفَرائضِ</span>\n\n١٢٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن خالِدٍ وعاصِمٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ الَّلهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرحَمُ أُمَّتِى (^٢) أبو بكرٍ، وأشَدُّهُم في دينِ اللَّهِ عُمَرُ، وأصدَقُهُم حَياءً عثمانُ، وأفرَضُهُم زَيدٌ، وأقرَؤُهُم أُبَيٌّ، وأعلمُهُم بالحَلالِ والحَرامِ مُعاذٌ، وِإنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّة أمينًا، وأمينُ هذه الأُمَّةِ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه قُطَبةُ بنُ العَلاءِ عن سُفيانَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن أنَسٍ مَوصولًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٦٦)، والدارمى (٢٨٩٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"بأمتى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٨٠٩) من طريق قبيصة به. وأحمد (١٢٩٠٤)، وابن ماجة (١٥٥) من طريق سفيان عن خالد وحده به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٣٩٣٠) من طريق قطبة به.","vol":"12","page":426},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٢٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ وسَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرأفُ أُمَّتِى بأُمَّتِى أبو بكرٍ، وأشَدُّهُم في دينِ اللَّهِ عُمَرُ، وأصدَقُهُم حَياءً عثمانُ، وأفرَضُهُم زَيدٌ، وأقرَؤُهُم أُبَيٌّ، وأعلمُهُم بالحَلالِ والحَرامِ مُعاذٌ، ولِكُلِّ أُمَّة أمينٌ، وأمينُ هذه الأُمَّةِ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٣١٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَلَّادٍ الباهِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدٌ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرحَمُ أُمَّتِى بأُمَّتِى أبو بكرٍ، وأشَدُّهُم في أمرِ (^٣) اللَّهِ عُمَرُ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرا ما بَعدَه بمَعناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢٤٢) من طريق عفان به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل، ز، ص ٦: \"دين\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٢٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٧٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢٨٧)، وابن ماجة (١٥٤)، وابن حبان (٧١٣١) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجة (١٢٥).","vol":"12","page":427},{"text":"ورَواه بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ وإِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا، إلَّا قَولَه في أبى عُبَيدَةَ، فإِنَّهُم وصَلوه في آخِرِه فجَعَلوه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وكُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ الرُّواةِ ثِقاتٌ أثباتٌ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُلَىٍّ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ بالجابيَةِ فقالَ: مَن أرادَ أن يَسألَ عن القُرآنِ فليأتِ أُبَيَّ بنَ كَعبٍ، ومَن أرادَ أن يَسألَ عن الفَرائضِ فليأتِ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، ومَن أرادَ أن يَسألَ عن الفِقهِ فليأتِ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ، ومَن أرادَ أن يَسألَ عن المالِ فليأتِنِى؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى جَعَلَنِى له خازِنًا وقاسِمًا (^٢).\n\n١٢٣١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حَدَّثَنَا كَثيرُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيِّ يقولُ: لَولا أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ كَتَبَ الفَرائضَ لَرأيتُ أنَّها سَتَذهَبُ مِنَ النَّاسِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٤٦٧)، والخطيب في المدرج ٢/ ٦٨٢ من طريق ابن علية به. وعند ابن أبى شيبة بالمرسل فقط.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٦٣. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٦٢) من طريق موسى بن على به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٦. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٩/ ٣٢٢ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به.","vol":"12","page":428},{"text":"١٢٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ الحُلوانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عارِمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ الماجِشونِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يقولُ: لَو هَلَكَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ - ﵄ - في بَعضِ الزَّمانِ لَهَلَكَ عِلمُ الفَرائضِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، جاءَ على النّاسِ زَمانٌ وما يُحسِنُه غَيرُهُما (^١).\n\n١٢٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقول: جَمَعَ القُرآنَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَةٌ؛ أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ، ومُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ، وزَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ، وأبو زَيدٍ. قال: قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: مَن أبو زَيدٍ؟ قال: أحَدُ عُمومَتِى (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبو، موسَى عن أبى داودَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن بُندارٍ عن يَحيَى عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسُتويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أبى مَنيعٍ، قال: حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي، جَميعًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٨٩٤) من طريق محمد بن عيسى عن يوسف به.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢١٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٤٢)، والترمذى (٣٧٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٠٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٦٥/ ١١٩)، والبخارى (٣٨١٠).","vol":"12","page":429},{"text":"عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ السَّبّاقِ أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىَّ قال: قال لِى أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ -: إنَّكَ رَجُلٌ شابٌّ عاقِلٌ لا نَتَّهِمُكَ، وكُنتَ تَكتُبُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فتَتَبَّعِ القُرآنَ فاجمَعْه (^١).\nوقَد مَضت هذه القِصَّةُ بطولِها في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢)، وفيها فضيلَةٌ سَنيَّةٌ لِزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ - ﵁ -.\n\n١٢٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا هِلالُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَفّارُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ السَّرِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قال لِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تأتِينِى كُتُبٌ لا أُحِبُّ أن يَقرأَها أحَدٌ، فتُحسِنُ السُّريانيَّةَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فتَعَلَّمْها\". فتَعَلَّمتُها في سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ الفَضلِ.\n\n١٢٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ قَزَعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: لما قَدِمَ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٥. وأخرجه البخاري (٤٦٧٩) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٤٠٨).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٣، ٤٨٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى داود في المصاحف ص ٣ من طريق جرير به.","vol":"12","page":430},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ أُتِى بى إلَيه فقَرأتُ عَلَيه، فقالَ لِى: \"تَعَلَّمْ كِتابَ اليَهودِ؛ فإِنِّى لا آمَنُهُم على كِتابِنا\". قال: فما مَرَّ بى خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ حَتَّى تَعَلَّمتُه، فكُنتُ أكتُبُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - وأقرأُ كُتُبَهُم إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التّاجِرُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الأنصارِىُّ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، محن أبى سلمةَ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ أخَذَ برِكابِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فقالَ له: تَنَحَّ يا ابنَ عَمِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: إنّا هَكَذا نَفعَلُ بكُبَرائِنا وعُلَمائِنا (^٢). وبِمَعناه رَواه الشَّعبِىُّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٢٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ قال: لما ماتَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ قَعَدْنا إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ في ظِلِّ قَصرٍ، فقالَ: هَكَذا ذَهابُ العِلمِ، لَقَد دُفِنَ اليَومَ عِلمٌ كَثيرٌ (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) الفاكهى في فوائده (٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦١٨)، وأبو داود (٣٦٤٥)، والترمذى (٢٧١٥) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن أبى الزناد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٩٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٢٣، ٤/ ٣٣٤ وصححه.\n(^٣) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٤.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٥. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٢/ ٣٦١، ٣٦٢ من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"12","page":431},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ فسألتُ عن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأخبَرونِى أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ كان مِنَ الرّاسِخينَ في العِلمِ (^١).\n\n١٢٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: عِلمُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ بخَصلَتَينِ؛ بالقُرآنِ وبِالفَرائضِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2702>بابُ مَن لا يَرِثُ مِن ذَوِى الأرحامِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: دَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأنا مَريضٌ فتَوَضَّأ ونَضَحَ عليَّ مِن وَضوئِه. قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَما يَرِثُنِى كَلالَةٌ، فكَيفَ الميراثُ؟ فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الفَرْضِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٥ عن عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٩/ ٣٢١ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٦، م: \"الفرائض\". والحديث عند المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٦٧). وأخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (١٦٩٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٢٣٠) من طريق وهب به، وتقدم في (١١٣٤).","vol":"12","page":432},{"text":"عن شُعبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى موسَى عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: عادَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في بَنِى سَلِمَةَ، فوَجَدَنِى لا أعقِلُ، فدَعا بماءٍ فتَوَضَّأ، فرَشَّ عليَّ مِنه، فأفَقتُ فقُلتُ: كَيفَ أصنَعُ في مالِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ فنَزَلَت فيَّ: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ (^٢) [النساء: ١١]. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٣١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُرَحبيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الخَوْلانِيُّ، سَمِعَ أبا أُمامَةَ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّه الوَداعِ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد أعطَى كُلَّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقَّه، فلا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٩٤)، ومسلم (١٦١٦/ ...).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٤٨). وأخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٩٥٦)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٥٦٠٢) عن بحر بن نصر به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢٣، ١١٠٩١) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٧٧)، ومسلم (٦/ ١٦١٦).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٧٨)، والمعرفة (٣٩٠٣)، والطيالسى (١٢٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٩٤)، وأبو داود (٢٨٧٠، ٣٥٦٥)، والترمذى (٢١٢٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٧١٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وسيأتى في (١٢٥٣٤، ١٢٦٦٥).","vol":"12","page":433},{"text":"١٢٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُجَبَّرِ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ العاليَةِ (^١) رسولَ اللهِ جمعِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ رَجُلًا هَلَكَ وتَرَكَ عَمَّة وخالَةً، انطَلِقْ تَقسِمُ ميراثَه. فتَبِعَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على حِمارٍ وقالَ: \"يا رَبِّ، رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وخالَةً\". ثُمَّ سارَ هُنَيَّةً، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا رَبِّ، رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وخالَةً؟ \". ثُمَّ سارَ هُنَيَّةً، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا رَبِّ، رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وخالَةً؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"لا أَرَى يُنزَلُ على شَيءٌ، لا شَئَ لَهُما\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٣٣ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَكِبَ إلَى قُباءٍ يَستَخيرُ في ميراثِ العَمَّةِ والخالَةِ، فأُنزِلَ عَلَيه: لا ميراثَ لَهُما. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nورَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ ضِرارُ بنُ صُرَدٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ أبى سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) العالية: هى أعلى المدينة من حيث يأتى وادى بطحان، ويطلق على تلك الجهات: العوالى. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٩٦ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٦١). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به.","vol":"12","page":434},{"text":"الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ - فيه (^١). وروِىَ عن شَريكِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ أن الحارِثَ بنَ عبدٍ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن ميراثِ العَمَّةِ والخالَةِ فسَكَتَ، فنَزَلَ عَلَيه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: \"حَدَّثَنِي جِبريلُ أنْ لا ميراثَ لَهُما\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ الفارِسِىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الخَلَّالِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، قال: لا يَرِثُ ابنُ الأخِ لِلأُمِّ برَحِمِه تِلكَ (^٣) شَيئًا، ولا تَرِثُ الجَدَّةُ أُمّ أبى الأُمِّ (^٤). وأظُنُّه قال: ولا الجَدُّ أبو الأُمِّ، ولا ابنَةُ الأخِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ، ولا العَمَّةُ أُختُ الأبِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ، ولا الخالَةُ، ولا مَن هوأبَعدُ نَسَبًا مِنَ المُتَوَفَّى مِمَّن سُمِّى (^٥) في هذا الكِتابِ، لا يَرِثُ أحَدٌ مِنهُم برَحِمِه ذَلِكَ شَيئًا (^٦).\n\n١٢٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٣ من طريق ضرار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٣ من طريق شريك، وعنده: الحارث بن عبد الله.\n(^٣) في م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"ولا الخالة\".\n(^٥) في م: \"هو\".\n(^٦) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٥١)، والمعرفة (٣٨٦٣).","vol":"12","page":435},{"text":"أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه عن مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ كان قَديمًا يُقالُ له: ابنُ مِرسَا، قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا صلَّى الظُّهرَ قال: يا يَرفا هَلُمَّ الكِتابَ. لِكِتابٍ كان كَتَبَه في شأنِ العَمَّةِ يَسألُ عَنها ويَستَخيرُ فيها، فأتاه به يَرفا، فدَعا بتَورٍ أو قَدَحٍ فيه ماءٌ فمَحا ذَلِكَ الكِتابَ فيه، ثُمَّ قال: [لَو رَضِيَكِ اللهُ لأقَرَّكِ] (^١)، لَو رَضِيَكِ اللَّهُ لأقَرَّكِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٣٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ انَه سَمِعَ أباه كَثيرًا يقولُ: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: عَجَبًا لِلعَمَّةِ تُورَثُ ولا تَرِثُ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِى عن عُمَرَ بخِلافِه، ورِوايَةُ المَدَنيّينَ أولَى بالصِّحَّةِ. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2703>بابُ مَن قال بتَوريثِ ذَوِى الأرحامِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ ابنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ز، ص ٦.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٥١٦. وأخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٩٩) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥١٧. وأخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٠) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"12","page":436},{"text":"أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إلَى أبى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ - ﵁ - أن عَلِّموا غِلمانَكُمُ العَومَ، ومُقاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمى. قال: وكانوا يَختَلِفونَ بَينَ الأغراضِ (^١)، فجاءَ سَهمُ غَرْبٍ (^٢) فأصابَ غُلامًا فقَتَلَه، في حَجرِ خالٍ له، لا يُعلَمُ له أصلٌ. قال: فكَتَبَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵄ - يَسألُه إلَى مَن يَدفَعُ عَقلَه؟ قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"اللَّهُ ورسولُه مَولَى مَن لا مَولَى له، والخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ (^٤) ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن بُدَيلٍ العُقَيلِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طَلحَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى عامِرٍ الهَوْزَنِىِّ، عن المِقدامِ صاحِب رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا فإلَينا - ورُبَّما قال: إلَى اللهَ ورسولِه - ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، وأنا وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له، أعقِلُ عنه (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) الأغراض: جمع غرض، وهو الهدف الذى يرمى إليه. ينظر التاج ١٨/ ٤٥١ (غ ر ض).\n(^٢) سهم غرب: بالإضافة وغير الإضافة، قال الكسائى والأصمعى: سهمُ غَرَبٍ، بفتح الراء، وهو السهم الذى لا يعرف راميه، فإذا عرف راميه فليس بغرب. قال أبو عبيد: والمحدثون يحدثونه بتسكين الراء، والفتح أجود وأكثر في كلام العرب. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٤٤، ٣٤٥. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩، ٣٢٣)، والترمذى (٢١٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٥١)، وابن ماجة (٢٧٣٧) من طريق سفيان به. وينظر كلام المصنّف عليه عقب (١٢٣٤٠).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ز: \"أحمد\".\n(^٥) أعقل عنه: أى أؤدى عنه ما يلزمه بسبب الجنايات التى تتحملها العاقلة. مرقاة المفاتيح ٦/ ٢١٥.","vol":"12","page":437},{"text":"وأرِثُه، والخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له، يَعقِلُ عنه ويَرِثُه\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبوْ داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عن بُدَيلٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى (^٢) عامِرٍ الهَوْزَنِىِّ، عن المِقدامِ الكِندِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنا أولَى بكُلِّ مُؤمِنٍ مِن نَفسِه؛ فمَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَيعَةً (^٣) فإِلَيَّ، ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، وأنا مَولَى مَن لا مَولَى له، أرِثُ مالَه وأُفُكُّ عانَه (^٤)، والخالُ مَولَى مَن لا مَولَى له، يَرِثُ مالَه ويَفُكُّ عانَه\" (^٥).\nقال أبو داودَ: رَواه الزُّبَيدِيُّ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن ابنِ عائذٍ عن المِقدامِ، ورَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ المِقدامَ (^٦).\n\n١٢٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٥، ١٧٢٠٤)، وأبو داود (٢٨٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٥٦)، وابن ماجة (٣٧٣٨)، وابن حبان (٦٠٣٥) من طريق شعبة به. وعند النسائي: \"وأنا عصبة من لا عصبة له\" \"والخال عصبة من لا عصبة له ... \".\n(^٢) سقط من: ز، ص ٦. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٣) قال أبو داود عقب (٢٩٠٠): بقول: الضيعة معناه العيال.\n(^٤) قال الخطابى: يريد عانيه فحذف الياء، والعانى: الأسير، وكذلك قوله: يفك عُنيه ... ومعنى الإسار هاهنا هو ما تتعلق به ذمته ويلزمه بسبب الجنايات التى سبيلها أن تتحملها العاقلة. معالم السنن ٤/ ٩٨، وينظر اللسان ١٥/ ١٠١ (ع ن ا).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٥٥)، وابن ماجة (٢٦٣٤) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وعند ابن ماجة والنسائي بعجزه دون صدره، وعند ابن ماجة: \"أنا وارث من لا وارث له ... \"، \"والخال وارث من لا وارث له ... \".\n(^٦) أبو داود عقب (٢٩٠٠).","vol":"12","page":438},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ عَتيقٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن يَزيد بنِ حُجرٍ (^١)، عن صالِحِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ المِقدامِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أنا وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له؛ أفُكُّ عَنِيَّه (^٢) وأرِثُ مالَه، والخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له، يَفُكُّ عَنِيَّه ويَرِثُ مالَه\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِيُّ قال: كان يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يُبطِلُ حَديثَ: \"الخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له\". يَعنِى حَديثَ المِقدامِ، وقالَ: لَيسَ فيه حَديثٌ قَوِىٌّ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أضعَفَ مِن ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٢٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الخالُ وارِثٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"حجير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ١٠٥، ٣٢/ ١٠٧.\n(^٢) في س: \"عانيه\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٠١)، وعنده: \"عانيه\". في الموضعين من الحديث.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦٠/ ١٨٧ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٣٠٩٥) عن أبى نعيم به.","vol":"12","page":439},{"text":"١٢٣٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن أبى هُبَيرَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الخالُ وارِثٌ\" (^١).\nهذا مُختَلَف فيه على شَريكٍ كما تَرَي، ولَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٢)، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: اللهُ ورسولُه مَولَى مَن لا مَولَى له، والخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ لَه (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ، مِن قَولِ عائشةَ مَوقوفًا عَلَيها.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مَوقوفًا (^٤)، وقَد كان أبو عاصِمٍ يَرفَعُه في بَعضِ الرِّواياتِ عنه ثُمَّ شَكَّ فيه، فالرَّفعُ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الأهوازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٨٦ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٣٠٢٠) عن أبي عاصم به.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٠٢، ١٩١٢٤).","vol":"12","page":440},{"text":"مَرفوعًا (^١). وكانَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يَقولانِ: عمرُو بنُ مُسلِمٍ صاحِبُ طاوُسٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\nورُوِى عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن واسِعٍ بنِ حَبّانَ، أن ثابِتَ بنَ الدَّحداحِ وكان رَجُلًا أَتِيًّا (^٤) في بَنِى أُنَيْفٍ - أو في بَنِى العَجلانِ - ماتَ، فسألَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"هَل له وارِثٌ؟ \". فلَم يَجِدوا له وارِثًا، فدَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ميراثَه إلَى ابنِ أُختِه، وهو أبو لُبابَةَ ابنُ عبدِ المُنذِرِ (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ الأَرْدَسْتانِيِّ، وحَديثُ أبى عبدُ اللَّهِ مُختَصَرٌ؛ لَم يُسَمِّ الوارِثَ ولا الموَرِّثَ (^٦)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٧١. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢١٠٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٥٢) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٢) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٧١.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧١) من طريق ابن طاوس به.\n(^٤) أتِىٌّ: أى غريبٌ. يقال: رجل أتِىٌّ وأتاوِىٌّ وسيل أتِيٌّ، لا يدرى من أين أتى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢١، والتاج ٣٧/ ٣٧ (أ ت ى).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٢٠) عن سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٦) في م: \"الموروث\".","vol":"12","page":441},{"text":"١٢٣٤٦ - ورُوِى عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عُتبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه سألَ عاصِمَ بنَ عَدِىٍّ الأنصارِىَّ عن ثابِتِ بنِ الدَّحداحِ وتوُفِّى: \"هَل تَعلَمونَ له نَسَبًا فيكُم؟ \" فقالَ: لا، وإِنَّما هو أتِىٌّ فينا. قال: فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بميراثِه لابنِ أُختِهِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ رَفَعَه (^١). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد أجابَ عنه الشَّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ فقالَ: ثابِتُ بنُ الدَّحداحَةِ قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الفَرائضُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَتلُه في يَومِ أُحُدٍ في رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n١٢٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: فلَم يَلبَثِ ابنُ الدَّحداحَةِ (^٤) إلَّا يَسيرًا حَتَّى جاءَ كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فخَرَجَ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٨٩٨). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٤٧٥) عن أبى عيد به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٩٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"اليرنى\". وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وهو أحمد بن عبد الله المزنى.\n(^٤) في م: \"الدحداح\".","vol":"12","page":442},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقاتَلَهُم فقُتِلَ شَهيدًا (^١).\n\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وإِنَّما نَزَلَت آيَةُ الفَرائضِ فيما يُثبِتُ أصحابُنا في بَناتِ مَحمودِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ وقُتِلَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وقَد قيلَ: نَزَلَت بعدَ أُحُدٍ في بَناتِ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ. وهَذا كُلُّه بعدَ أمرِ ثابِتِ بنِ الدَّحداحَةِ (^٢).\n\nقال الشيخُ: فيما ذَكَرنا مِن حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وقَولِه لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّما يَرِثُنِى كَلالَةٌ، فكَيفَ الميراثُ؟ فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الفَرضِ (^٣) - دَلالَةٌ على أنَّها نَزَلَت بعدَ أُحُدٍ؛ فإِنَّ قبلَ أُحُدٍ كان أبوه حَيًّا، وإِنَّما قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ شَهيدًا، وخَلَّفَ جابِرًا وبَناتٍ له، فحينَ مَرِضَ جابِرٌ كانَت له أخَواتٌ ولَم يَكُنْ له أبٌ ولا ولَدٌ فقالَ: إنَّما يَرِثُنِى كَلالَةٌ. فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الفَرائضِ، وقَد قيلَ: إنَّما نَزَلَت فيه آيَةُ الفَرائضِ التى في آخِرِ سورَةِ \"النِّساءِ\"، ونَزَلَتِ التى في أوَّلِها في ابنَتِىْ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ كما قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\n\n١٢٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ يوسُفَ الزَّمِّىَّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةُ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بابنَتَيها مِن سَعدٍ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هاتانِ ابنَتا سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، قُتِلَ أبوهُما مَعَكَ شَهيدًا (^٤) يَومَ أُحُدٍ، وإِنَّ عَمَّهُما\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٠٠٧) بطوله.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٩٨).\n(^٣) في ص ٦، م: \"الفرائض\".\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.","vol":"12","page":443},{"text":"أخَذَ مالَهُما فسَعَى (^١) ولَم يَترُكْ لَهُما مالًا، ولا تُنكَحانِ إلَّا ولَهُما مالٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَقضِى اللَّهُ في ذَلِكَ\". فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ الميراثَ، فأرسَلَ إلَى عَمِّهِما فدَعاه فقالَ: \"أعطِ ابنَتَىْ سَعدٍ الثُّلُثَينِ، وأعطِ أُمَّهُما الثُّمُنَ، ولَك ما بَقِى\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: أُتِيَ زيادٌ في رَجُلٍ توُفِّى وتَرَكَ عَمَّتَه وخالَتَه، فقالَ: هَل تَدرونَ كَيفَ قَضَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فيها؟ قالوا: لا. فقالَ: واللَّهِ إنِّى لأعلَمُ النَّاسِ بقَضاءِ عُمَرَ فيها، جَعَلَ العَمَّةَ بمَنزِلَةِ الأخِ، والخالَةَ بمَنزِلَةِ الأُختِ، فأعطَى العَمَّةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، والخالَةَ الثُّلُثَ (^٣).\nورَواه الحَسَنُ وجابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ وبَكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ وغَيرُهُم، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - جَعَلَ لِلعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَينِ ولِلخالَةِ الثُّلُثَ (^٤). وجَميعُ ذَلِكَ مَراسيلُ، ورِوايَةُ المَدَنيّينَ عن عُمَرَ أولَى أن تَكونَ صَحيحَةً، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"استفاء\"، وضبب فوق المثبت في الأصل وكتب: \"كذا\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٢٤٤٢) ففيه: استفاء.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٢٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٩٨)، والترمذى (٢٠٩٢) من طريق عبيد الله به. وقال الترمذى: حديث صحح. وسيأتى في (١٢٤٤٢، ١٢٤٤٣) من طرق عن عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٩٩ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٣٧) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩١١٣، ١٩١١٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٣٨، ٣١٦٤٤)، وشرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠٠.","vol":"12","page":444},{"text":"١٢٣٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: الخالَةُ بمَنزِلَةِ الأُمِّ، والعَمَّةُ بمَنزِلَةِ الأبِ، وابنَةُ الأخِ بمَنزِلَةِ الأخِ، وكُلُّ ذِى رَحِمٍ بمَنزِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ التى تَليه إذا لَم يَكُنْ وارِثٌ ذو قَرابَةٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ (^٢) عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: أنزِلُوهُم مَنازِلَ آبائِهِم. يقولُ: ورِّثْ كُلَّ إنسانٍ بمَنزِلَةِ أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصفَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِه، كان علىٌّ وعَبدُ اللهِ إذا لَم يَجِدوا ذا سَهمٍ أعطَوُا القَرابَةَ؛ أعطَوْا بنتَ البِنتِ المالَ كُلَّه، والخالَ المالَ كُلَّه، وكَذَلِكَ ابنَةُ الأخِ، وابنَةُ الأُختِ لِلأُمِّ، أو لِلأبِ والأُمِّ، أو لِلأبِ، والعَمَّةُ، وابنَةُ العَمِّ، وابنَةُ بنتِ الابنِ، والجَدُّ مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ، وما قَرُبَ أو بعُدَ إذا كان رَحِمًا فلَه المالُ إذا لَم يوجَدْ غَيرُه، فإِن وُجِدَ ابنَةُ بنتٍ وابنَةُ أُختٍ فالنِّصفُ والنِّصفُ، وإِن كانَت عَمَّةٌ وخالَةٌ فالثُّلُثُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٥٥)، والدارمى (٣٠٢٤) من طريق محمد بن سالم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"السبيعى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١١٦)، وابن أبى شية (٣١٧٠٣، ٣١٧٠٤) من طريق الشيبانى من قول مسروق.","vol":"12","page":445},{"text":"والثلُثانِ، وابنَةُ الخالِ وابنَةُ الخالَةِ الثُّلُثُ والثلُثانِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2704>باب: لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ ولا الكافِرُ المُسلِم</span>\n\n١٢٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصغاني، أخبرَنِى أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ، ولا الكافِرُ المُسلِمَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٥٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصبّاحِ الزَّعفَراني، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عليٍّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ على، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا يرثُ الكافِرُ المُسلِمَ، ولا المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلم في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٦٢، ٣٨٦٤) بذكر ميراث العصبات، وليس فيه ذكر ذوى الأرحام.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٥٩٥) من طريق الصغانى به. والبزار (٢٥٨٥) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (٢١٨٠٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٦٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤٧)، وأبو داود (٢٩٠٩)، والترمذي (٢١٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٢٩) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وسيأتى في (٢١٤٩٦).","vol":"12","page":446},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيان (^١).\n\n١٢٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عليٍّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ؛ أينَ تَنزِلُ غَدًا؟ وذَلِكَ في حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: \"وهَل تَرَكَ لنا عَقيلُ بنُ أبي طالِب شيئًا؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ، ولا الكافِرُ المُسلِمَ\". ثمَّ قال: \"نَحنُ نازِلونَ غَدًا بخَيفِ بَنِى كِنانَةَ حَيثُ قاسَمَت قُرَيشٌ على الكُفرِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ وغَيرِهِما (^٣)، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ أن عمرَو بنَ عثمانَ أخبَرَه عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أتَنزِلُ في دارِكَ بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: \"وهَل تَرَكَ لَنا عَقيلٌ مِن رِباع أو دُور؟ \". وكانَ عَقيلٌ ورِثَ أبا طالِبٍ هو وطالِبٌ، ولَم يَرِثْه جَعفَرٌ ولا علىٌّ؛ لأنَّهُما كانا مُسلِمَينِ وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦١٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٨٢٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"وغيرهم\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٥٨)، ومسلم (١٣٥١/ ٤٤٠).","vol":"12","page":447},{"text":"عَقيلٌ وطالِب كافِرَينِ، فكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ يقولُ: لا يَرِثُ المُؤمِنُ الكافِرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ عن أصبَغَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمّدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَيبانِى، حدثنا أبو العَلاءِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الكوفِى بمِصرَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مِسكينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو اليافِعِى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ النصرانِى إلا أن يَكونَ عبدَه أو أمَتَه\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٢٨٩). وسيأتى في (١٨٣٣١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٨٨)، ومسلم (١٣٥١/ ٤٣٩).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٤. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٨٩) عن يونس به. والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٥ من طريق ابن وهب به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"12","page":448},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لا يَرِثُ اليَهودِى ولا النَّصرانىُّ المُسلِمَ ولا يَرِثُهُم، إلا أن يَكونَ عبدًا لِرَجُلٍ أو أمَتَه (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ، قال علىٌّ: وهو المَحفوظُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَن بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عِدَّةً مِنهُم يَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَتَوارَثُ أهلُ مِلَّتَينِ شَتَّى\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ عن عمرٍو (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عبدُ المُتَعالِ (^٥) بنُ طالِبٍ، حدثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا الخَليلُ بنُ مُرة، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن (^٦) عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٧٥، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٦٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٨٤) من طريق سفيان به. وابن ماجه (٢٧٣١) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩١١) من طريق حبيب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٢٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) في م: \"المتعالى\".\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"جده\".","vol":"12","page":449},{"text":"عمرو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ، ولا الكافِرُ المُسلِمَ، ولا يَتَوارَثونَ أهلُ مِلَّتَينِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِى، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن محمدَ بنَ الأشعَثِ أخبَرَه أن عَمةً له يَهودية أو نَصرانيَّةً توُفّيَت، وأن محمدَ بنَ الأشعَثِ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ له: مَن يَرِثُها؟ فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يَرِثُها أهلُ دينِها. ثُمَّ أتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ له عثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ -: أتُراني نَسيتُ ما قال لَكَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -؟ ثُمَّ قال: يَرِثُها أهلُ دينِها (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٦١ - وبِهَذا الِإسنادِ قال: أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: لا نَرِثُ أهلَ المِلَلِ ولا يَرِثُونا (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ بها قال: حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنِى أبي، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهاب قال: توُفّيَت عَمةٌ لِلأشعَثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٥ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥١٩.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٧ و- مخطوط). وبرواية أبي مصعب ٢/ ٥٤٠ (٣٠٦٣).","vol":"12","page":450},{"text":"وهِى يَهوديَّة، فأتَى عُمَرَ فأبَى أن يوَرِّثَه وقالَ: يَرِثُها أهلُ دينِها (^١).\n\n١٢٣٦٣ - وبِهَذا الِإسنادِ عن شُعبَةَ عن حُصَينٍ قال: رأيتُ شَيخًا يَمشِى على عَصا فقالوا: هذا وإرِثُ صَفيَّهَ بنتِ حُيَىٍّ. فكُنّا نَتَحَدثُ أنَّها لما ماتَت أسلَمَ مِن أجلِ ميراثِها، فلَم يوَرثْ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2705>باب: لا يَرِثُ المَملوكُ</span>\n\n١٢٣٦٤ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن باعَ عبدًا له مالٌ فمالُه لِلبائعِ، إلا أن يَشتَرِطَه (^٣) المُبتاعُ\" (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فلَمّا كان بَينًا في سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن العَبدَ لا يَملِكُ مالًا، وأن ما يَملِكُ العَبدُ فإِنَّما يَملِكُه لِسَيِّدِه (^٥)، ولَم يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ بأبِى المَيِّتِ ولا وارِثٍ سُمّيَت له فريضة، فكُنّا لَو أعطَينا العَبدَ بأنَّه أب إنَّما أعطَينا السَّيِّدَ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٩٦٤) من طريق شعبة به. والدارمي (٢٩٨٩) من طريق قيس بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في س، ز: \"يشترط\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٨٤، ٣٨٣٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ٧٢، ٥/ ٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٥٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٤٣٣) عن سفيان به. والبخاري (٢٣٧٩)، ومسلم (١٥٤٣/ ٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٩٠، ٤٩٩٢) من طريق الزهرى به. وعند النسائي في الموضع الأول من مسند عمر. وتقدم في (١٠٨٦٥) من طريق نافع من مسند عمر، وفى (١٠٨٧٠) من طريق نافع عن ابن عمر.\n(^٥) في م: \"سيده\".","vol":"12","page":451},{"text":"لا فريضَةَ له فوَرثنا غَيرَ مَن ورثَ اللهُ، فلَم نوَرِّثْ عبدًا لِما وصَفتُ، ولا أحَدًا لَم تَجتَمِعْ فيه الحُريةُ والِإسلامُ والبَراءَةُ مِنَ القَتلِ (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وبِه قال زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2706>باب: لا يَرِثُ القاتِلُ</span>\n\n١٢٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يرِثُ قاتِلٌ مِن ديَةِ مَن قتلَ\" (^٣).\nأخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ الطَرَسوسِى عن حَجّاج عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، إلا أنه قال في مَتنِه: \"لا يَرِثُ قاتِلُ عَمد ولا خَطًا شَيئًا مِنَ الدّيَةِ\".\n\n١٢٣٦٦ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا اللؤلُؤِى، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ حَرمَلَةَ الأسلَمِى حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ، أن عَدِيًا الجُذامِى كانَت له\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٣٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ٧٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٧٠). وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٢٣٩٢).\n(^٣) موطأ ابن وهب (٤٨١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٩٢٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وسيأتى في (١٦٥٦٣).\n(^٤) أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٦٠).","vol":"12","page":452},{"text":"امرأتانِ اقتَتَلَتا، فرَمَى إحداهما فماتَت مِنها، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتاه فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ له: \"اعقِلْها ولا تَرِثْها\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ يُدعَى قَتادَةَ كانَت له أُمُ ولَدٍ وكانَ له مِنها ابنانِ، فتَزَوجَ عَلَيها امرأةً مِنَ العَرَبِ، فقالَت: لا أرضَى عَنكَ حتَّى تَرعَى علىَّ أُمُ ولَدِكَ. فأمَرَها أن تَرعَى عَلَيها، فأبَى ابناها ذَلِكَ، فتَناوَلَ قَتادَةُ أحَدَ ابنَيه بالسيفِ فماتَ، فقَدِمَ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ له: اعدُدْ لي بقُدَيدٍ - وهِى أرضُ بَنِى مُدلِجٍ - عِشرينَ ومِائَةً مِنَ الِإبِلِ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أخَذَ ثَلاثينَ جَذَعَةً، وثَلاثينَ حِقةً، وأربَعينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمَّ قال: أينَ أخُ المَقتولِ؟ سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ لِلقاتِلِ شَيءٌ\" (^٢). هذه مَراسيلُ جَيدَةٌ يَقوَى بَعضُها ببَعضٍ.\nوقَد رُوِى مَوصولًا مِن أوجُهٍ. مِنها ما:\n\n١٢٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ١١٠ (٢٦٩) من طريق حفص بن ميسرة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٤٧) عن يزيد به بنحوه. وابن ماجه (٢٦٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتى في (١٦٠٥٧، ١٦٠٥٨، ١٦٢٢٩).","vol":"12","page":453},{"text":"الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فروخَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَده قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ لِقاِتل شَيءٌ، فإن لَم يَكُنْ له وارِثٌ يَرِثْه أقرَبُ الناس إلَيه، ولا يَرِثُ القاتِلُ شَيئًا\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَده قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ لِلقاتِلِ مِنَ الميراثِ شَيءٌ\".\nرَواه جَماعَة عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ والمُثَنَّى بنِ الصَبّاحِ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَده عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٩٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٦٤) من طريق شيبان به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٩٦، ٢٣٧ من طريق الحسن بن عرفة عن إسماعيل به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٨٤) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان عن إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٣) سيأتى مسندًا في (١٦٨٥٥).","vol":"12","page":454},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن رَجُلٍ - قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: وهو عمرُو بَرق - عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتلَ قتيلًا فإِنه لا يَرثه\". وإِن لَم يَكُنْ له وارِثٌ غَيرُه، وإِن كان ولَدَه أو والِدَه؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِل ميراثٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٣٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي فروَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"القاتِلُ لا يَرثُ\" (^٢). إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٣)، إلا أن شَواهِدَه تُقَوَيه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِى، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، قال عُمَرُ: لا يَرثُ القاتِلُ خَطأً ولا عَمدًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٨٧) من قول ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٢١٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٤٥، ٢٧٣٥) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث لا يصح، لا يعرف إلا من هذا الوجه.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٣٨٢٧).\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٤/ ١٢٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٩٢١)، والدارمي (٣١٢٧) من طريق أبي بكر به.","vol":"12","page":455},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِب، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَعبِى، عن عليٍّ وزَيدٍ وعَبدِ الله قالوا: لا يَرِثُ القاتِلُ عَمدًا ولا خَطأً شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٢٣٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، أن رَجُلًا رَمَى بحَجَرٍ فأصابَ أُمه فماتَت مِن ذَلِكَ، فأرادَ نَصيبَه مِن ميراثِها، فقالَ له إخوَتُه: لا حَق لَكَ. فارتَفَعوا إلَى على - ﵁ -، فقالَ له على - ﵁ -: حَظكَ مِن ميراثِها الحَجَرُ. وأغرَمَه الدّيَةَ، ولَم يُعطِه مِن ميراثِها شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبي حَبيب، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: أيُّما رَجُلٍ قَتلَ رَجُلًا أوِ امرأةً عَمدًا أو خَطأ مِمن يَرِثُ فلا ميراثَ له مِنهُما، وأيما امرأةٍ قَتَلَت رَجُلًا أوِ امرأةً عَمدًا أو خَطأً فلا ميراثَ لَها مِنهُما، وإِن كان القَتلُ عَمدًا فالقَوَدُ إلا أن يَعفوَ أولياءُ المَقتولِ، فإِن عَفَوا فلا ميراثَ له مِن عَقلِه ولا مِن مالِه، قَضَى بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وعَلِى - ﵄ - وشُرَيحٌ وغَيرُهُم مِن قُضاةِ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (٣١٢٥) من طريق محمد بن سالم عن عليٍّ وحده.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٣٤٤) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٣) ذكره في كنز العمال (٣٠٦٨٠) عن جابر بن زيد، وعزاه للمصنف في السنن.","vol":"12","page":456},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِىِّ قال: كان في بَنِى إسرائيلَ عَقيمٌ لا يولَدُ له، وكانَ له مالٌ كَثيرٌ، وكانَ ابنُ أخيه وارِثَه فقَتَلَه، ثُمَّ احتَمَلَه لَيلًا حَتَّى أتَى به حَيًّا آخَرينَ فوَضَعَه على بابِ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم، ثُمَّ أصبَحَ يَدَّعيه عَلَيهِم حَتَّى تَسَلَّحوا ورَكِبَ بَعضُهُم إلَى بَعضٍ، فقالَ ذو (^١) الرّأي والنُّهَى: علَامَ يَقتُلُ بَعضكُم بَعضًا وهَذا رسولُ اللهِ [ﷺ] (^٢) فيكُم؟! فأتَوه فقالَ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٦٧]. قال: فلَو لم يَعتَرِضوا البَقَرَ لأجزأت عَنهُم أدنَى بَقَرَةٍ، ولَكِنَّهُم شَدَّدوا فشُدِّدَ عَلَيهِم، حَتَّى انتَهَوا إلَى البَقَرَةِ التى أُمِروا بذَبحِها فوَجَدوها عِندَ رَجُلٍ لَيسَ له بَقَرَةٌ غَيرُها، فقالَ: واللهِ لا أنقُصُها مِن مِلءِ جِلدِها (^٣). فأخَذوها بمِلءِ جِلدِها ذَهَبًا، فذَبَحوها فضَرَبوه ببَعضها فقامَ، فقالوا: مَن قَتَلَكَ؟ قال: هذا. لابنِ أخيه، ثُمَّ مالَ مَيِّتًا، فلَم يُعْطَ ابنُ أخيه مِن مالِه شَيئًا، ولَم يوَرثْ قاتِلٌ بَعدَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ذوو\".\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في: الأصل.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"ذهبًا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٩٠) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"12","page":457},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2707>بابُ مَن قال: يَرِثُ قاتِلُ الخَطأَ مِنَ المالِ، ولا يَرِثُ (^١) مِنَ الدّيَةِ</span>\nرُوِى ذَلِكَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ورُوِى ذَلِكَ عن بَعضِ أصحابِنا عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بحَديثٍ لا يُثبِتُه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٣). يَعنِى ما:\n\n١٢٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَطيرِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبي، عن جَدِّى عبدِ الله بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قامَ يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ فقالَ: \"لا يَتَوارَثُ أهلُ مِلَّتَينِ، المَرأةُ تَرِثُ مِن ديَةِ زَوجِها ومالِه، وهو يرثُ مِن ديَتها ومالها، ما لَم يَقتُلْ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه عَمدًا، فإن قتلَ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه عَمدًا لَم يَرِثْ مِن ديته ومالِه شيئًا، وِإن قتلَ صاحِبَه خَطأً ورِثَ مِن مالِه ولَم يرثْ مِن ديته\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٣٧٩ - قال: وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يورث\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٩٢٥، ٣١٩٢٩، ٣١٩٣٣).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٧٢، ٧٣.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٢، ٧٣.","vol":"12","page":458},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحِ. بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^١). قال علىٌّ: محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الطّائفِى ثِقَةٌ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِى- ولَيسَ بحُجَّةٍ (^٣) - عن الضحّاكِ بنِ عثمان عن عمرٍو عن (^٤) مَخرَمَةَ بنِ بُكيرٍ عن أبيه عن عمرٍو (^٥)، والشّافِعِى كالمُتَوَقِّفِ في رِواياتِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ إذا لَم يَنضم إلَيها ما يُؤَكِّدُها.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: لَيسَ في الفَرق بَينَ أن يَرِثَ قاتِلُ الخَطأَ ولا يَرِثَ قاتِلُ العَمدِ خَبَر يُتَّبَعُ إلا خَبَرَ رَجُلٍ فإِنَّه يَرفَعُه لَو كان ثابِتًا كانَتِ الحُجَّةُ فيه، ولَكِن لا يَجوزُ أن يُثبَتَ له شَيءٌ ويُرَدَّ له آخَرُ لا مُعارِضَ له (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِذا لَم يَثبُتِ الحديثُ فلا يَرِثُ عَمدًا ولا خَطأً شَيئًا، أشبَهُ بعُمومِ ألَّا يَرِثَ قاتِل مِمَّن قَتَلَ (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2708>بابُ ميراثِ مَن عَمِى مَوتُهُ</span>\n\n١٢٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٧٣. وأخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٩٦٧) عن محمد بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٢، ٧٣.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٣).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ. والصَّواب: \"وعن\". كما في الدارقطني والمهذب ٥/ ٢٣٧٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٧٥، ٧٦ من طريق الواقدى عن الضحاك، وعن مخرمة عن أبيه به.\n(^٦) الشافعى ٧/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٧) الشافعى ٧/ ٧٣.","vol":"12","page":459},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزِّنادِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِت قال: أمَرَني أبو بكرٍ حَيثُ قُتِلَ أهلُ اليَمامَةِ أن يوَرَّثَ الأحياءُ مِنَ الأمواتِ، ولا أوَرثَ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٣٨١ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ قال: أمَرَنى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لَيالِى طاعونِ عَمَواسَ (^٢). قال: كانَتِ القَبيلَةُ تَموتُ بأسرِها فيَرِثُهُم قَومٌ آخَرونَ. قال: فأمَرَنِى أن أُوَرثَ الأحياءَ مِنَ الأمواتِ، ولا أُوَرثَ الأمواتَ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ.\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رُوِى عن الشَعبِى عن عُمَرَ أنه ورثَ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعض مِن تِلادِ أموالِهِم (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةٍ أنه قال لِعَلِى - ﵁ -: ورثْ هَؤُلاءِ. فوَرثَهُم مِن تِلادِ أموالِهِم. وعن قَتادَةَ أن عُمَرَ ورثَ أهلَ طاعونِ عَمَواسَ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ، فإِذا كانَت يَدُ أحَدِهِما ورِجلُه على الآخَرِ ورَّثَ الأعلَى مِنَ الأسفَلِ ولَم يوَرثِ الأسفَلَ مِنَ الأعلَى. وهاتانِ الروايَتانِ مُنقَطِعَتانِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٦٧) عن عباد بن كثير عن أبي الزناد عن خارجة أن أبا بكر قضى في أهل اليمامة مثل قول زيد بن ثابت ورث الأحياء من الأموات ولم يورث الأموات بعضهم من بعض.\n(^٢) عمواس: بفتح العين والميم. قرية بين الرملة وبيت المقدس. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١/ ١٠٧، وقيل: بكسر العين وسكون الميم. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٢٩.\n(^٣) التلاد: كل مال قديم يرثه عن آبائه، أو مال استخرجه، كالدابة ينتجها أو الرقيق يولدون في ملكه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٠٩، ٣١٠.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٥١) من طريق الشعبي به.","vol":"12","page":460},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن قَتادَةَ عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذؤَيبٍ عن عُمَرَ (^١). وهو أيضًا مُنقَطِع، فما رُوينا عن عُمَرَ أشبَهُ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبي، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال في قَومٍ مُتَوارِثينَ هَلَكوا في هَدمٍ أو غَرَقٍ أو غَيرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَتالِفِ فلَم يُدرَ أيُّهُم ماتَ قبلُ، قال: لا يَتَوارَثونَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولُون: كُلُّ قَومٍ مُتَوارِثينَ ماتوا في هَدمٍ أو غَرَقٍ أو حَريقٍ أو غَيرِه فعَمِى مَوتُ بَعضهِم قبلَ بَعضٍ، فإِنَّهُم لا يَتَوارَثونَ ولا يَحجُبونَ. وعَلَى ذَلِكَ كان قَولُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وقَضَى بذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ.\n\n١٢٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِى، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٧١) من طريق قتادة عن رجل عن قبيصة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٤١)، والدارمي (٣٠٨٧)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١١٩ من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":461},{"text":"الدراوَردِىُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن أُمَ كُلثوم بنتَ على وابنَها زَيدًا وقَعا في يَومٍ واحِدٍ والتَقَتِ الصائحَتانِ فلَم يُدرَ أيهُما هَلَكَ قَبلُ، فلَم تَرِثْه ولَم يَرِثْها، وأَنَّ أهلَ صِفينَ لَم يَتَوارَثوا، وأنَّ أهلَ الحَرةِ لَم يَتَوارَثوا (^١).\n\n١٢٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الخَلَالِى، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ قال: قال أبو الزِّنادِ: أخبرَنِى الثقَةُ، أن أهلَ الحَرةِ حينَ أُصيبوا كان القَضاءُ فيهِم على زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وفِى الناسِ يَومَئذٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ومِن أبنائِهِم ناس كَثير (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالبِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا شَيخ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ حَزْنٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًا - ﵁ - ورَّثَ قَتلَى الجَمَلِ فوَرثَ ورَثتَهُمُ الأحياءَ.\n\n١٢٣٨٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا نَصرُ بنُ طَريفٍ الباهِلِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن قَتلَى الجَمَلِ والحَرةِ وُرثَ ورَثتهُمُ الأحياءُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٨١. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٤٠)، والدارمي (٣٠٨٩) من طريق الدراوردى به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦٤) عن أبي الزناد.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٦٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٣٨) من طريق آخر عن يحيى بن سعيد. وعند عبد الرزاق بلفظ: أن أهل الحرة وأهل الجمل لم يتوارثوا. وعند سعيد: \"صفين\". بدلًا من: \"الجمل\".","vol":"12","page":462},{"text":"١٢٣٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَزْنِ بنِ بَشيرٍ الخَثعَمِى، عن أبيه، أن عَليًا ورَّثَ رَجُلًا وابنَه أو أخَوَينِ أُصيبا بصِفّينَ لا يُدرَى أيّهُما ماتَ قبلَ الآخَرِ، فوَرثَ بَعضهُم مِن بَعضٍ (^١). كَذا قال، ونَحنُ إنَّما نأخُذُ بالرِّوايَةِ الأولَى.\n\n١٢٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن عُلَمائِهِم، أنَّه لَم يَتَوارَثْ مَن قُتِلَ يَومَ الجَمَلِ ويَومَ صفّينَ ويَومَ الحَرَّةِ، ثُمَّ كان يَومُ قُدَيدٍ فلَم يَتَوارَثْ أحَدٌ مِمَّن قُتِلَ مِنهُم مِن صاحِبِه شيئًا إلا مَن عُلِمَ أنَّه قُتِلَ قبلَ صاحِبِهِ. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ الأمْرُ الَّذِى لا اختِلافَ فيه عِندَنا ولا شَكَّ عِندَ أحَدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ ببَلَدِنا (^٢).\nقال (^٣) الإمامُ أحمد ﵀: ورُوِى عن إياسِ بنِ عبدٍ المُزَنِي أنَّه قال: يوَرثُ بَعضهُم مِن بَعضٍ (^٤). وقَولُ الجَماعَةِ أولَى.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٥٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٧٠)، والدارمي (٣٠٩١) من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبي شيبة: حريش. وعند الدارمي: حريس. بدلًا من: حزن بن بشير الخثعمي.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٧ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٢٠.\n(^٣) في هذا الموضع في: س، ز، ص ٦ الحديث الأول من باب حجب الإخوة والأخوات من قبل الأم .... وتكرر في \"س\" فقط في مكانه.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٥٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٦٣).","vol":"12","page":463},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2709>باب: لا يَحجُبُ مَن لا يَرِثُ مِن (^١) هَؤُلاءِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: لا يَتَوارَثُ أهلُ ملَّتَينِ شَتَّى، ولا يَحجُبُ مَن لا يَرِثُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٩١ - قال: وأخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ - وزَيد - ﵁ -: المُشرِكُ لا يَحجُبُ ولا يَرِثُ. وقالَ عبدُ اللهِ - ﵁ -: يَحجُبُ ولا يَرِثُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَلِيمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنى أبي، عن شُعبَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن الشَعبِى، عن عليٍّ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قالا: المَملوكونَ وأهلُ الكِتابِ بمَنزِلَةِ الأمواتِ. قال: وقالَ عبدُ الله: يَحجُبونَ ولا يَرِثونُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ز، ص ٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٧١)، والدارمي (٢٩٩٧)، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٩٠٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩١٠٤) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٤٥). وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٩٤٠)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢١٣) من طريق شعبة به، وعند الدارمي والبغوى نحوه. بلفظ: المملوكون وأهل الكتاب لا يرثون ولا يحجبون. قال عبد الله: يحجبون ولا يرثون. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٦٩) من طريق إبراهيم به عن عليٍّ وحده بلفظ: أن عليًا كان يقول في المملوكين وأهل الكتاب: لا يحجبون ولا يرثون.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٦٩)، والدارمي (٢٩٣٩) من طريق الشعبى بنحوه، وعند ابن أبي شيبة عن عليٍّ وحده. وينظر ما تقدم عن زيد عقب (١٢٣٦٤).","vol":"12","page":464},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2710>بابُ حَجبِ الإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ بالأبِ والجَدِّ والوَلَدِ ووَلَدِ الابنِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٩٣ - [أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٌ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ قانِفِ يقولُ: قَرأتُ على سَعدٍ - يَعنِى ابنَ أبي وقاصٍ - حَتَّى بَلَغتُ: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]. فقالَ سَعد: مِن أُمَهِ] (^١).\n\n١٢٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصم الأحوَلُ، عن الشعبِىِّ قال: سُئلَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عن الكَلالَةِ فقالَ: إنِّى سأقولُ فيها برأيِى، فإِن يَكُ صَوابًا فمِنَ اللهِ، وإِن يَكُ خَطأً فمِنِّى ومِنَ الشَّيطانِ، أُراه ما خَلا الوَلَدَ والوالِدَ. فلَمّا استُخلِفَ عُمَر - ﵁ - قال: إنِّى لأستَحيِى اللهَ أن أرُدَّ شَيئًا قالَه أبو بكرٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تغير موضعه في ز، ص ٦ إلى الموضع المشار إليه منذ قليل.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٨٣ من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٤٩٣٦) من طريق شعبة به. والدارمي (٣٠١٨)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٤٩٣٦) من طريق يعلى بن عطاء به. وسيأتى في (١٢٤٥٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦٩). وأخرجه الدارمي (٣٠١٥) عن يزيد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٣٠) من طريق عاصم به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩١٩٠) من طريق الشعبيّ به. وسيأتى في (١٢٤٠٤).","vol":"12","page":465},{"text":"١٢٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِى قال: مَن زَعَمَ أن أحَدًا مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - ورثَ إخوَةً مِن أُم مَعَ جَد فقَد كَذَبَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهاني، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاق إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الله، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِى قال: ما ورَّثَ أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - الإِخوَةَ مِنَ الأُمِّ مَعَ الجَد شَيئًا قَط (^٣).\n\n١٢٣٩٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ نَحوَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2711>بابُ حَجبِ الإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ مَن كانوا بالأبِ والابنِ وابنِ الابنِ</span>\n\n١٢٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ\n_________\n(^١) من هنا سقط من: ص ٦ حتى آخر الحديث (١٢٦٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٨) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٧٦٢) من طريق إسماعيل به. وسيأتى قريبًا في (١٢٤٥١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٧٦٣، ٣١٧٦٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":466},{"text":"ابنُ خَلَّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: مَرِضتُ فأتانى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُنِى فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ أقضى في مالِى؟ كَيفَ أصنَعُ في مالِى؟ فلَم يُحَدِّثْنِى بشَئٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَت آيَةُ الميراثِ: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ (^١) [النساء: ١٧٦]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٣٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ المُنكَدِرِ (^٣)، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: مَرِضتُ فأتاني النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُني هو وأبو بكرٍ ماشيَينِ وقَد أُغمِى علىَّ فلَم أُكَلِّمْه، فتَوَضَّأ وصَبَّه علىَّ فأفَقتُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ أصنَعُ في مالِى ولي أخَواتٌ؟ قال: فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الميراثِ: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ مَن كان لَيسَ له ولَدٌ ولَه أخَوات (^٤).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ في هذا الحديثِ قال: إنَّما تَرِثُنِى كَلالَةٌ. فسَمَّى مَن يَرِثُه كَلالَةً. وقَد مَضى ذِكرُه (^٥).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الَّذِى نَزَلَت فيه آيَةُ الكَلالَةِ لَم يَكُنْ له ولَدٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٩٧، ٣٠١٥)، والنسائي (١٣٨)، وابن ماجه (١٤٣٦، ٢٧٢٨)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٦) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٢٣)، ومسلم (١٦١٦/ ٥).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٦، م: \"يحدث\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨٨٦)، وأحمد (١٤٢٩٨).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٢٣٢٩).","vol":"12","page":467},{"text":"ولا والِدٌ؛ لأنَّ أباه قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، وهَذِه الآيَةُ نَزَلَت بَعدَه.\n\n١٢٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَرْقِى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَت ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن على بنِ خَشرَمٍ عن وكيع، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ اليَعمَرِى قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: ما أغلَظَ لي رسولُ الله - ﷺ - - أو: ما نازَلتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في شَئٍ أكثَرَ مِن اَيَةِ الكَلالَةِ، حتَّى ضَرَبَ صَدرِى وقالَ: \"يَكفيكَ مِنها آيَةُ الصّيفِ التى أُنزِلَت في آخِرِ سورَةِ النساءِ\". ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. وسأقضِى فيها بقَضاءٍ يَعلَمُه مَن يَقرأُ ومَن لا يَقرأُ، وهو ما خَلا الأبَ، كَذا أحسِبُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٣٦. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢٧) من طريق إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٨٦٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٨٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦١٨/ ١٠)، والبخارى (٤٣٦٤، ٤٦٠٥، ٤٦٥٤، ٦٧٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى - كما في التحفة ٨/ ١٠٩ - وابن حبان (٢٠٩١) من طريق شبابة بن سوار به. وسيأتى في (١٦٦٥٦) من طريق قتادة بذكر القصة بطولها.","vol":"12","page":468},{"text":"زهيرِ بنِ حربٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الروذْبارِى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبي مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، يَسَتَفتونَكَ في الكَلالَةِ، فما الكَلالَةُ؟ قال: \"تَجزيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيفِ\". قلتُ لأبِى إسحاقَ: هو مَن ماتَ ولَم يَدَعْ ولَدًا ولا والِدًا؟ قال: كَذَلِكَ ظنَوا أنَّه كَذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدّاوُدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السجِستاني، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ على بنِ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾. قال: \"مَن لَم يَترُكْ ولَدًا ولا والِدًا فوَرَثته كَلالَةٌ\".\nقال أبو داودَ: رَوَى عَمّار عن أبي إسحاقَ عن البَراءِ في الكَلالَةِ قال: \"تَكفيكَ آيَةُ الصيفِ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: هذا هو المَشهورُ، وحَديثُ أبي إسحاقَ عن أبي سلَمةَ مُنقَطِع\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٦٧/ ...، ١٦١٧/ ...).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٨٩)، والترمذي (٣٠٤٢) من طريق أبي بكر ابن عياش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥١٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٧١).","vol":"12","page":469},{"text":"ولَيسَ بمَعروفٍ.\n\n١٢٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضبِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن الشَّعبِى قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: الكَلالَةُ ما عَدا الوَلَدَ. قال أبو بكرٍ: الكَلالَةُ ما عَدا الوَلَدَ والوالِدَ. فلَمَّا طُعِنَ عُمَرُ قال: إنَى لأستَحيِى أن أُخالِفَ أبا بكرٍ؛ الكَلالَةُ ما عَدا الوَلَدَ والوالِدَ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، عن السمَيطِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: أتَى علىَّ زَمانٌ وما أدرِى ما الكَلالَةُ، وإِذا الكَلالَةُ مَن لا أبَ له ولا ولَدَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عبدٍ السلولي أنه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: الكَلالَةُ الَّذِى لا يَدَعُ ولَدًا ولا والِدًا. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٩١) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وتقدم في (١٢٣٩٤) من طريق عاصم الأحول.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٣٦) من طريق عمران به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٣٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٧٧ من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"12","page":470},{"text":"١٢٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن الحَسَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الكَلالَةِ قال: هو ما عَدا الوالِدَ والوَلَدَ. قال: قُلتُ: فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ﴾. قال: فغَضِبَ وانتَهَرَنِى (^١).\n\n١٢٤٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قال عمرو: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ محمدٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الكَلالَةِ فقالَ: مَن لا ولَدَ له ولا والِدَ. فقُلتُ له: قال اللهُ: ﴿إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ﴾. فغَضِبَ وانتَهَرَنِى، وقالَ: مَن لا ولَدَ له ولا والِدَ.\n\n١٢٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: كُنتُ آخِرَ النّاسِ عَهدًا بعُمَرَ - ﵁ - فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: القَولُ ما قُلتُ. قُلتُ: وما قُلتَ؟ قال: الكَلالَةُ مَن لا ولَدَ لَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٨٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٥٢٣٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٣١) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٨٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢١٢٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٢٢٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"12","page":471},{"text":"كَذا في هذه الروايَةِ، والَّذِى رُوينا عن عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ في تَفسيرِ الكَلالَةِ أشبَهُ بدَلائلِ الكِتابِ والسنَةِ مِن هذه الروايَةِ، وأولَى أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا؛ لانفِرادِ هذه الروايَةِ وتَظاهُرِ الرِّواياتِ عَنهُما بخِلافِها، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٤١٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرة، سَمِعَ مُرة قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ثَلاث لَأن يَكونَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - بَينَهُنَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ: الخِلافَةُ، والكَلالَةُ، والربا. فقُلتُ لِمُرة: ومَن يَشك في الكَلالَةِ؟! ما هو دونَ الوَلَدِ والوالِدِ. قال: إنَهُم يَشُكّونَ في الوالِدِ (^١).\n\n١٢٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانى هذه الفَرائضِ وأصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الِإخوَةِ لِلأُمَ أنَّهُم لا يَرِثونَ مَعَ الوَلَدِ ولا مَعَ ولَدِ الابنِ ذَكَرًا كان أوأنثَى شَيئًا، ولا مَعَ الأبِ ولا مَعَ الجَدِّ أبي الأبِ شَيئًا.\nقال: وميراثُ الِإخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمَ أنهُم لا يَرِثونَ مَعَ الوَلَدِ الذَكَرِ ولا مَعَ ولَدِ الابنِ الذكَرِ ولا مَعَ الأبِ شَيئًا.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٦٠)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٢٢٤. وأخرجه وابن ماجه (٢٧٢٧) من طريق عمرو بن مرة به.","vol":"12","page":472},{"text":"قال: وميراثُ الِإخوَةِ لِلأبِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ كَميراثِ الإخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ سَواءٌ، فإِذا اجتَمَعَ الِإخوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ والإخوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ، فكانَ في بَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ ذَكَرٌ، فلا ميراثَ مَعَه لأحَدٍ مِنَ الإخوَةِ (^١) لِلأبِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2712>باب: لا يَرِثُ مَعَ الأبِ أبَواهُ</span>\n\n١٢٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ صَبيحٍ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ قال: كان أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: الجَدُّ أبٌ ما لَم يكُنْ دونَه أبٌ، كما أن ابنَ الابنِ ابنٌ ما لَم يَكُنْ دونَه ابنٌ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ لَم يَكُنْ يَجعَلُ لِلجَدَّةِ مَعَ ابنِها ميراثًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ز: \"والأخوات\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٣، ٢٢٥٦، ٢٢٥٧) والمعرفة (٣٨٥٣ - ٣٨٥٥). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٧٣٦) من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٤٠) عن يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"12","page":473},{"text":"١٢٤١٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا يَزيدُ قال: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَعبِى، أن عَليًا وزَيدًا - ﵄ - كانا لا يَجعَلانِ لِلجَدةِ مَعَ ابنِها ميراثًا (^١).\n\n١٢٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن إبراهيمَ، أن عَليًا وزَيدًا كانا لا يُوَرثانِ الجَدةَ مَعَ ابنِها (^٢).\n\n١٢٤١٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن عثمانَ - ﵁ - كان لا يوَرثُ الجَدةَ إذا كان ابنُها حَيًّا (^٣).\n\n١٢٤١٧ - وأمَّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِم، عن الشَعبِى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ الله في الجَدةِ مَعَ ابنِها أنه قال: أوَّلُ جدة أطعَمَها رسولُ الله - ﷺ - سُدُسًا مَعَ ابنِها وابنُها حَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٤١) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٩٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٠) من طريق محمد بن سالم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠١) عن هشيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٣٨) من طريق فضيل به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٩١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٣٧)، والدارمي (٢٩٨٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٢١٠٢)، والبزار في مسنده (١٩٤٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"12","page":474},{"text":"فمُحَمَّدُ بنُ سالِمٍ يَنفَرِدُ به هَكَذا. رُوِى عن يونُسَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: أُنبِئتُ. وعن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن عبدِ اللهِ، وعن أشعَثَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ عن الحَسَنِ وابنِ سيرينَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وحَديثُ يونُسَ وأشعَثَ مُنقَطِعٌ، ومحمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٢)، وإِنَّما الرِّوايَةُ الصَّحيحَةُ فيه عن عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللهِ وعِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ:\n\n١٢٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ورَّثَ جَدَّةَ رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ مَعَ ابنِها (^٣).\n\n١٢٤١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي خالِد، عن أبي عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه ورَّثَ جَدَّةً مَعَ ابنِها (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٦٩٩٦) من طريق يونس عن ابن سيرين قال: نبئت ... وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٢٨) من طريق أشعث بن سوار عن ابن سيرين به مرسلًا. وسعيد بن منصور (٩٦) من طريق أشعث بن عبد الملك عن الحسن به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٩٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (٩٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٢٥) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٩) عن سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٢٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.","vol":"12","page":475},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أبي الدهماءِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أنَّه كان يوَرثُ الجَدةَ وابنُها حَيَّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2713>باب: لا تَرِثُ مَعَ الأم جَدَّة</span>\n\n١٢٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبوالمُنيبِ عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عبدِ اللهِ العَتَكِى، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - أطعَمَ الجَدةَ السدُسَ إذا لَم يَكُنْ أُمِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعاني هَذِه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الجَداتِ أن أُمَّ الأُم لا تَرِثُ مَعَ الاُمَ شَيئًا، وهِى فيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ يُفرَضُ لَها السدُسُ فريضَةً، وأن أُمَ الأبِ لا تَرِثُ مَعَ الأمَ ولا مَعَ الأبِ شَيئًا، وهِى (^٣) فيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ يُفرَضُ لَها السدُسُ فريضَةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٢٧) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٧٩٩) عن زيد بن الحباب به، وعنده: إذا لم يكن ابن. وأبو داود (٢٨٩٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٨) من طريق عبيد الله به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦١٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: ز. وبعده في س: \"ترث\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦١)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٧). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":476},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2714>جماعُ أبوابِ المَواريثٍ بابُ فرضِ الزَّوج والزَّوجَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ قال: كان الميراثُ لِلوَلَدِ، وكانَتِ الوَصيَّةُ لِلوالِدَينِ، فنَسَخَ اللهُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما أحَبَّ، فجَعَلَ لِلوَلَدِ الذَّكرِ مِثلَ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، وجَعَلَ لِلوالِدَينِ السُّدُسَينِ، وجَعَلَ لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفَ أوِ الرُّبُع، وجَعَلَ لِلمَرأةِ الرُّبُعَ أوِ الثُّمُنَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ورقاءَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الخَلَّالِي، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعاني هذه الفَرائضِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٠). وتفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٨. وأخرجه الدارمي (٣٣٠٥) من طريق ورقاء به. وسيأتى في (١٢٦٦١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٤٧، ٤٥٧٨).","vol":"12","page":477},{"text":"وأُصولَها كُلَّها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امرأتِه إذا هِى لَم تَترُكْ ولَدًا ولا ولَدَ ابنٍ النِّصفَ، فإِن تَرَكَت ولَدًا أو ولَدَ ابنٍ ذَكرًا أوأُنثَى ورِثَها زَوجُها الرُّبُعَ لا يُنقَصُ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيءٌ، وتَرِثُ المَرأةُ مِن زَوجِها إذا هو لَم يَترُكْ ولَدًا ولا ولَدَ ابنٍ الرُّبُعَ، فإِن تَرَكَ ولَدًا أو ولَدَ ابنٍ ورِثَته امرأتُه الثمُنَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2715>بابُ فرضِ الأُمِّ</span>\n\n١٢٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، [عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ] (^٢)، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الأُمِّ مِن ولَدِها إذا توُفَى ابنُها أوِ ابنَتُها فتَرَكَ ولَدًا أو ولَدَ ابنٍ ذَكَرًا أو أُنثَى، أو تَرَكَ اثنَينِ مِنَ الإِخوَةِ فصاعِدًا ذُكورًا أو إناثًا، مِن أبٍ وأُمٍّ، أو مِن أبٍ، أو مِن أُمٍّ - السُّدُسُ، فإِن لَم يَترُكِ المُتَوَفَّى ولَدًا ولا ولَدَ ابنٍ ولا اثنَينِ مِنَ الِإخوَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥١)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥١). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.","vol":"12","page":478},{"text":"فصاعِدًا فإِن لِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ كامِلًا، إلا في فريضَتَينِ فقَط وهُما: أن يُتَوَفَّى رَجُل ويَترُكَ امرأتَه وأبَوَيه فيَكونُ لامرأتِه الرُّبُعُ ولأُمِّه الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِى وهو الرُّبُعُ مِن رأسِ المالِ، وأن تُتوَفَّى أمرأةٌ وتَترُكَ زَوجَها وأبَوَيها فيَكونُ لِزَوجِها النِّصفُ ولأُمِّها الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا بَقِى وهو السُّدُسُ مِن رأسِ المالِ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيد، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَحجُبُ الأُمَّ بالأخوَينِ، فقالوا له: يا أبا سعيدٍ، فإِنَّ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ﴾. وأنتَ تَحجُبُها بأخوَينِ! فقالَ: إنَّ العَرَبَ تُسَمِّى الأخوَينِ إخوَةً. فقالوا له: يا أبا سعيد أوْهَمتَ، إنَّما هِى ثَمانيَةُ أزواج، مِنَ الضّأنِ اثنَينِ اثنَينِ، ومِنَ المَعَزِ اثنَينِ اثنَينِ، ومِنَ الإبِلِ اثنَينِ (^٢)، ومِنَ البَقَرِ اثنَينِ اثنَينِ. فقالَ: لا، إنَّ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى﴾ [القيامة: ٣٩]. فهُما زَوجانِ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما زَوجٌ، يقولُ: الذَّكَرُ زَوجٌ والأُنثَى زَوجٌ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥١)، وفى المعرفة (٣٨٥٠). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"اثنين\". وضبب في الأصل فوق المثبت.\n(^٣) عزاه في الإتقان في علوم القرآن ٢/ ٣٢٩ لابن أشتة في المصاحف من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.","vol":"12","page":479},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الله، عن خالِدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن رَجُلًا سأل ابنَ عُمَرَ عن رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أُمَّه وأخَوَيه، فقالَ: انطَلِقْ إلَى زَيدٍ فسَلْه ثُمَّ ارجِعْ إلَىَّ فأخبِرْنِى ما يقولُ زَيدٌ. فأتَى زَيدًا فقالَ: حُجِبَتِ الأُمُّ عن الثُّلُثِ، لَها سُدُسُها.\n\n١٢٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيد، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه دَخَلَ على عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ - ﷺ - (^١): إن الأخوَينِ لا يَرُدّانِ الأُمِّ عن الثُّلُثِ، قال اللهُ: ﴿فَإِنْ (^٢) كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ﴾. فالأخوانِ بلِسانِ قَومِكَ لَيسا بإِخوَةٍ. فقالَ عثمانُ: لا أستَطيعُ أن أرُدَّ ما كان قَبلِى، ومَضَى في الأمصارِ، وتَوارَثَ به النّاسُ (^٣).\nورُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ في أبَوَينِ وإِخوَةٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّما حَجَبَ الِإخوَةُ الأُمِّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ ليَكونَ السُّدُسُ لَهُم. وهو بخِلافِ قَولِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وغَيرِه:\n\n١٢٤٢٩ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ومحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ في السُّدُسِ الَّذِى حَجَبَه الِإخوَةُ أُمَّه: هو للإخوَةِ ولا يَكونُ لِلأبِ، إنَّما نُقِصَته\n_________\n(^١) ضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\" والتلاوة: \"فإن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم: ٤/ ٣٣٥ من طريق شبابة به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٦٥ من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"12","page":480},{"text":"الأُمُّ ليَكونَ لِلإخوَةِ. قال ابنُ (^١) طاوُسٍ: وبَلَغَنِى أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أعطاهُمُ السُّدُسَ، فلَقِيتُ بَعضَ ولَدِ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى أُعطِى إخوَتُه السُّدُسَ، فقالَ: بَلَغَنا أنَّها كانَت وصيَّةً لَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مَنصور وسُلَيمانُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا سَلَكَ بنا طَريقًا وجَدناه سَهلًا، وإِنَّه أُتِى في امرأةٍ وأبَوَينِ، فجَعَلَ لِلمَرأةِ الرُّبُعَ، ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثَ ما بَقِى (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن مَنصورٍ، وزادَ فيه: وما بَقِى فلِلأبِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ ووَكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا سَلَكَ طَريقًا فاتبعناه وجَدناه سَهلًا، وإِنَّه أُتِى في امرأةٍ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ز.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٢٧)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم: ٤/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦ من طريق شعبة عن منصور وحده به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠١٥)، والدارمي (٢٩١٤) من طريق منصور والأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٨٠) عن ابن عيينة به.","vol":"12","page":481},{"text":"وأبَوَينِ، فأعطَى المَرأةَ الرُّبُعَ، وأعطَى الأُمِّ ثُلُثَ ما بَقِى، وأعطَى الأبَ سَهمَينِ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكر أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانىِّ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المُهَلَّبِ، عن عثمانَ في امرأةٍ وأبَوَينِ، أنَّها (^٢) جَعَلَها مِن أربَعَةِ أسهُمٍ، لِلمَرأةِ الرُّبُعُ سَهمٌ، ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى سَهمٌ، ولِلأبِ ما يبقى (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن عُمَيرِ (^٤) بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ، عن علىَّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُمِ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٧٧) عن وكيع به. وفى (٣١٥٧٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) في ص ٦، م: \"أنه\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٦، م: \"بقى\". والأثر أخرجه الدارمي (٢٩٠٩) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠١٦) عن الثوري به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٧٣)، والدارمى (٢٩١٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) في ص ٦، م: \"عمرو\".","vol":"12","page":482},{"text":"ولِلأبِ سَهمانِ (^١).\nورُوِى عن عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٢٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في زَوجٍ وأبَويَنِ قال: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ ولِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ ولِلأبِ السُّدُسُ. الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروكٌ (^٣).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُنقَطِعٍ.\n\n١٢٤٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللهِ في امرأةٍ وأبَوَينِ: لِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى. قال: وقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: لَها الثُّلُثُ مِن جَميعِ المالِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٩١١) عن حجاج بن منهال به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٧) من طريق حجاج بن أرطأة به. وعندهما من قول الحارث الأعور. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٣) من طريق حجاج بن منهال عن شيخ من همدان عن الحارث به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"محمد بن يعقوب\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٩١٩) من طريق أبي عوانة به مقتصرًا على قول علىٍّ وحده.","vol":"12","page":483},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الثورِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أرسَلَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أسألُه عن زَوجٍ وأبَوَينِ، فقالَ زَيدٌ: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى، ولِلأبِ بَقيَّةُ المالِ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ كامِلًا.\nلَفظُ حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ رَوحٍ: ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى وهو السُّدُسُ. فأرسَلَ إلَيه ابنُ عباسٍ: أفِى كِتابِ الله تَجِدُ هَذا؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن أكرَهُ أن أُفَضِّلَ أُمًّا على أبٍ. قال: وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يُعطى الأُمِّ الثلُثَ مِن جَميعِ المالِ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ الله، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بمِثلِه. قال: فأتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فأخبَرتُه. قال: فقالَ: ارجِعْ إلَيه فقُلْ له: أبِكِتابِ الله قُلتَ أم برأيِكَ؟ قال: فأتَيتُه، فقالَ: برأيِى. فرَجَعتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: وأنا أقولُ برأيِى، لِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ كامِلًا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٢٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٨٦) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٩١٧) من طريق الحكم بن عتيبة عن عكرمة.","vol":"12","page":484},{"text":"١٢٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن فُضَيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: خالَفَ ابنُ عباسٍ فيها النّاسَ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ (^٢)، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن فُضَيلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: خالَفَ ابنُ عباسٍ جميعَ أهلِ الصَّلاةِ في زَوجٍ وأبَوَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن رَجُلٍ ماتَ وتَرَكَ امرأةً وأبَوَينِ قال: قَسَمَها زَيدٌ مِن أربَعَةِ أسهُمٍ: لِلمَرأةِ سَهمٌ، ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى، ولِلأبِ بَقيَّةُ المالِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٨١)، والدارمي (٢٩٢٠) من طريق إدريس الأودى عن فضيل به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"شعبة\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٠٩ وفيه: ابن عبد الله. بدلًا من: أبي عبد الله. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠١٨)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ١١٩ من طريق سفيان به. وعند أبي نعيم: \"عن أبي عبد الله وهو إدريس الأودى\". قلنا: وهو أبو عبد الله إدريس بن يزيد بن عبد الرحمن الأودى. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمي (٢٩٠٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٥٧٤) من طريق آخر عنَ سعيد بن المسيب.","vol":"12","page":485},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2716>بابُ فرضِ الابنَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ﴾ [النساء: ١١].\n\n١٢٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ هُزَيلَ بنَ شُرَحبيلٍ يقولُ: سُئلَ أبو موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ عن ابنَةٍ وابنَةِ ابنٍ وأُختٍ، فقالَ: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُختِ النِّصفُ. قال: وائتِ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فسَيُتابِعُنِى. فسُئلَ عَنها ابنُ مَسعودٍ وأُخبِرَ بقَولِ أبي موسَى فقالَ: لَقَد ضَلَلتُ إذن وما أنا مِنَ المُهتَدينَ، أقضِى فيه بما قَضَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ -، للابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولابنَةِ الابنِ السُّدُسُ تكمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، وما بَقِى فلِلأُختِ. قال: فأتَينا أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ فأخبَرناه بقَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ، فقالَ: لا تَسألونِى عن شَئٍ ما دامَ هذا الحَبرُ فيكُم (^١). [رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ] (^٢). بابُ فرضِ الابنَتَيِن فصاعِدًا\n\n١٢٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٢٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٠) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى في (١٢٤٤٨).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\nوالحديث عند البخاري (٦٧٣٦).","vol":"12","page":486},{"text":"المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - حَتَّى جِئنا امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ في الأسوافِ (^١) وهِى جَدَّةُ خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: فجاءَتِ المَرأةُ بابنَتَينِ لَها فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، هاتانِ ابنَتا ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ قُتِلَ مَعَكَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، وقَدِ استَفاءَ عَمُّهُما مالَهُما وميراثَهُما كُلَّه فلَم يَدَعْ مالًا إلا أخَذَه، فما تَرَى يا رسولَ اللهِ، فواللهِ لا تُنكَحانِ أبَدًا إلا ولَهُما مالٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يَقضِى اللهُ ﷿ في ذَلِكَ\". ونَزَلَت سورَةُ \"النِّساءِ\" ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ﴾. الآيَة. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ادعُ لِى المَرأةَ وصاحِبَها\". فقالَ لِعَمِّهِما: \"أعطِهِما الثُّلُثَينِ، وأعطِ أُمَّهُما الثُّمُنَ، وما بَقِى فلَكَ\" (^٢).\nقَولُه: استَفاءَ مالَهما. مَعناه: استَرَدَّ واستَرجَعَ حَقَّهُما مِنَ الميراثِ. وأصلُه مِنَ الفَئِ وهو الرُّجوعُ. قَولُه: ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسٍ. خَطأٌ، إنَّما هو سَعدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ.\n\n١٢٤٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ الشَّرحِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ وغَيرُه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن امرأةً سَعدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، م: \"الأسواق\".\nوالأسواف اسم حرم المدينة. وقيل: موضع بعينه بناحية البقيع. وهو موضع صدقة زيد بن ثابت - ﵁ -. أبو معجم البلدان ١/ ١٩١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٩١) عن مسدد به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٨ من طريق بشر بن المفضل به، وعنده: أو قالت: سعد بن الربيع.","vol":"12","page":487},{"text":"الرَّبيعِ قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ سَعدًا هَلَكَ وتَرَكَ ابنَتَينِ. قال: وساقَ الحديثَ. قال أبو داودَ: هذا هو الصَّوابُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2717>بابُ ميراثِ أولادِ الابنِ</span>\n\n١٢٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ، عن أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الوَلَدِ أنَّه إذا توُفَى رَجُلٌ أوِ امرأةٌ فتَرَكَ ابنَةً واحِدَةً فلَها النِّصفُ، فإِن كانَتا اثنَتَينِ فما فوقَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الإناثِ كان لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثانِ، فإِن كان مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَر فإِنَّه لا فريضَةَ لأحَدٍ مِنهُم، ويُبدأُ بأحَدٍ إن شَرِكَهُم بفَريضَةٍ فيُعطَى فريضَتَه، فما بَقِى بعدَ ذَلِكَ فهو بَينَهُم لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ.\nقال: ومَنزِلَةُ ولَدِ الأبناءِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ دونَهُم ولَدٌ كَمَنزِلَةِ الوَلَدِ سَواءٌ؛ ذَكَرُهُم كَذَكَرِهِم، وأُنثاهُم كأُنثاهُم، يَرِثونَ كما يَرِثونَ، ويَحجُبونَ كما يَحجُبونَ، فإِنِ اجتَمَعَ الوَلَدُ ووَلَدُ الابنِ فكانَ في الوَلَدِ ذَكَرٌ فإِنَّه لا ميراثَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٩٢). وفيه: \"وهذا هو أصح\". وتقدم في (١٢٣٤٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو عن عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل.","vol":"12","page":488},{"text":"مَعَه لأحَدٍ مِن ولَدِ الابنِ، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ الوَلَدُ ذَكَرًا وكانَتا اثنَتَينِ (^١) فأكثَرَ مِنَ البَناتِ فإِنَّه لا ميراثَ لِبَناتِ الابنِ مَعَهُنَّ، إلا أن يَكونَ مَعَ بَناتِ الابنِ ذَكَرٌ هو مِنَ المُتَوَفَّى بمَنزِلَتِهِنَّ أو هو أطرَفُ (^٢) مِنهُنَّ فيَرُدُّ على مَن بمَنزِلَتِه ومَن فوقَه مِن بَناتِ الأبناءِ فضلًا إن فضلَ، فيَقسِمونَه لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم، وإِن لَم يَكُنِ الوَلَدُ إلا ابنَةً واحِدَةً فتَرَكَ ابنَةَ ابنٍ فأكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ مِن بَناتِ الابنِ بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ فلَهُنَّ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، فإِن كان مَعَ بَناتِ الابنِ ذَكَرٌ هو بمَنزِلَتِهِنَّ فلا سُدُسَ لَهُنَّ ولا فريضَةَ، ولَكِنْ إن فضَلَ فضلٌ بعدَ فريضَةِ أهلِ الفَرائضِ كان ذَلِكَ الفَضلُ لِذَلِكَ الذَّكَرِ ولِمَن بمَنزِلَتِه مِنَ الأناثِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، ولَيسَ لِمَن هو أطرَفُ مِنهُنَّ شَيءٌ، وإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ في ابنَتَينِ وبَناتِ ابنٍ وبَنِى ابنٍ، وأُختَينِ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، وإِخوَةٍ وأخَواتٍ لأبٍ، أنَّها أشرَكَت بَينَ بَناتِ الابنِ وبَنِى الابنِ وبَينَ الإخوَةِ والأخَواتِ لِلأبِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"ابنتين\".\n(^٢) قال اللحيانى: هوأطرفهم: أبعدهم من الجد الأكبر. التاج ٢٤/ ٨٧ (ط ر ف).\n(^٣) في م: \"لهن\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٥)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٢). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":489},{"text":"فيما بَقِى، يَعنِى لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ الله لا يُشرِكُ بَينَهُم. يَعنِى يَجعَلُ ما بَقِى لِلذُّكوَرِ (^١) دونَ الإناثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قَدِمَ مَسروقٌ مِنَ المَدينَةِ وهو يُشرِكُ بَينَهُم، فقالَ له عَلقَمَةُ: أكانَ أحَدٌ أثبَتَ عِندَكَ مِن عبدِ اللهِ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنِّى قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فرأيتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ وأهلَ المَدينَةِ يُشرِكونَ بَينَهُم في رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أخَواتٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وإِخوَةً وأخَواتٍ لأبٍ، وتَرَكَ بَناتٍ وبَناتِ ابنٍ وبَنِى ابنٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ على الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَرير، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِه، وعن أصحابِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، [وعَن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىّ] (^٤): هذا ما اختَلَفَ فيه علىٌّ وعَبدُ اللهِ وزَيدٌ: ابنَتانِ وابنُ ابنٍ وابنَةُ ابنٍ، في قَولِ علىٍّ وزَيدٍ: للابنَتَينِ الثُّلُثانِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"للذكر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٩٤ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٠٢)، والدارمي (٢٩٣٥) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٠٥)، والدارمي (٢٩٣٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) سقط من: م، وفى ص ٦: \"عن الشعبى\". وسيأتى السند نفسه في (١٢٤٥٨) كالمثبت من غير فروق بين النسخ.","vol":"12","page":490},{"text":"وما بَقِى لابنِ الابنِ وابنَةِ الابنِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ: لِلابنَتَينِ الثُّلُثانِ وما بَقِى لِلذَّكَرِ دونَ الأُنثَى. لأنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يَزيدُ البَناتِ على الثُّلُثَينِ.\nابنَةٌ وابنَةُ ابنٍ وابنُ ابنٍ؛ في قَولِ علىٍّ وزَيد: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ وما بَقِى فلابنِ الابنِ ولِبَناتِ الابنِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولِبَناتِ الابنِ تَكمِلَةُ الثُّلُثَينِ، وما بَقِى فلابنِ الابنِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2718>بابُ فرضِ ابنَةِ الابنِ مَعَ ابنَةِ الصُّلبِ لَيسَ مَعَهُما ذَكَرٌ</span>\n\n١٢٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍ وأحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ موسَى وقَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي قَيسٍ، عن الهُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى أبي موسَى وسَلمانَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ فسألَهُما عن ابنَةٍ وابنَةِ ابنٍ وأُختٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، فقالا: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ ما بَقِى. وقالا له: انطَلِقْ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ فسَلْه فإِنَّه سَيُتابِعُنا. قال: فأتَى عبدَ اللهِ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: قَد ضَلَلتُ إذن وما أنا مِنَ المُهتَدينَ، ولَكِن أقضِى فيها كما قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٠٧، ٣١٦٠٨).","vol":"12","page":491},{"text":"ولابنَةِ الابنِ السُّدُسُ تَكمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، ولِلأُختِ ما بَقِى. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ الله (^١)، وفِى رِوايَةِ جَناحٍ: بما قَضَى النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِى عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه: لأقضيَنَّ فيها بقَضاءِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -. أو قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ - - كَذا قال سفيانُ- لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولابنَةِ الابنِ السُّدُسُ، وما بَقِى فلِلأُختِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2719>بابُ مَن لَم يوَرِّثِ ابنَ الأخِ مَعَ الجَدّ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٢٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ والأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن عَليًّا وعَبدَ الله بنَ مَسعودٍ كانا لا يوَرِّثانِ ابنَ الأخِ مَعَ الجَدِّ (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٩٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (٣٦٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٢١) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وتقدم في (١٢٤٤١) من طريق أبي قيس.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٤٢).\n(^٣) أحمد (٤١٩٥). وعنده: \"قضاء رسول الله\". مكان \"قال رسول الله\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٧٥٨) من طريق فضيل عن إبراهيم به بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":492},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: ما ورَّثَ أحَدٌ مِنَ الناسِ أخًا لأُمٍّ ولا ابنَ أخٍ مَعَ جَدٍّ شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٢٤٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: حُدِّثتُ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يُنَزِّلُ بَنِى الأخِ مَعَ الجَدِّ مَنازِلَ آبائِهِم، ولَم يَكُنْ أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُه غَيرُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2720>بابُ فرضِ الإخوَةِ والأخَواتِ لِلأمِّ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢].\n\n١٢٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا هُشَيم، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ قانِفٍ، أن سَعدًا كان يَقرَؤُها: (وَإن كَانَ رجُلٌ يُورَثُ كلالةً أو امرأةٌ وَلَه أخٌ أو أختٌ مِن أُمٍّ) (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٣٩٥، ١٢٣٩٦) من طرق غير هذا عن الشعبيّ بنحوه، وليس فيه موضع الشاهد.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥٩٢ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٨٣ من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم في (١٢٣٩٣).","vol":"12","page":493},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - قال في خُطبَتِه: أَلَا إنَّ هذه الآيَةَ التى في أوَّلِ سورَةِ \"النِّساءِ\" في شأنِ (^١) الفَرائضِ أنزَلَها اللهُ في الوَلَدِ والوالِدِ، والآيَةَ الثّانيَةَ مِن سورَةِ \"النِّساءِ\" أنزَلَها اللهُ في الزَّوجِ والزَّوجَةِ والإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ، والآيَةَ التى خَتَمَ بها سورَةَ \"النِّساءِ\" أنزَلَها اللهُ في الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ والأبِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٣) الخَلّالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىَّ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمَّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبي الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، قال: وميراثُ الإخوَةِ لِلأُمِّ أنَّهُم لا يَرِثونَ مَعَ الوَلَدِ ولا مَعَ ولَدِ الابنِ ذَكَرًا كان أو أُنثَى شَيئًا، ولا مَعَ الأبِ ولا مَعَ الجَدِّ أبِ (^٤) الأبِ شَيئًا، وهُم في كُلِّ ما سِوَى ذَلِكَ يُفرَضُ لِلواحِدِ مِنهُمُ السُّدُسُ ذَكَرًا كان أو\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بيان\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٧١٤ من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، ز: \"إبراهيم\". وكتب بعده في الأصل \"أحمد\" وضرب عليها، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وقع في الأصل، وإنما هو ابن أحمد، وكذا هو نسخةٍ: إبراهيمُ\". ا. هـ وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وهي لغة نادرة في أب وأخ وحم بالنقص، والإعراب بالحركات. ينظر شرح ابن عقيل ١/ ٥٠.","vol":"12","page":494},{"text":"أُنثَى، فإِن كانوا اثنَينِ فصاعِدًا ذُكورًا أو إناثًا فُرِضَ لَهُمُ الثُّلُثُ يَقتَسِمونَه بالسَّواءِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2721>بابُ فرضِ الأُختِ والأُختَينِ فصاعِدًا لأبٍ وأُمٍّ أو لأبٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦] الآيَة.\n\n١٢٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ صاحِبِ الدَّستُوائىِّ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ الله قال: اشتَكَيتُ وعِندِى سَبعُ أخَواتٍ لِى، فدَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فنَضَحَ في وجهِى فأفَقتُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُوصى لأخَواتِى بالثُّلُثَينِ؟ فقالَ: \"أحسِنْ (^٢) \". فقُلتُ: بالشَّطرِ؟ قال: \"أحسِنْ (^٢) \". ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ قالَ: \"يا جابِرُ ما أراكَ إلا مَيِّتًا - أو قال: ما أراكَ مَيِّتًا - مِن هذا الوَجَعِ، وقَد أنزَلَ اللهُ في أخَواتِكَ فبَيَّنَ فجَعَلَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَينِ\". فكانَ جابِرٌ يقولُ: نَزَلنَ (^٣) هَؤُلاءِ الآياتُ فىَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٣)، والمعرفة (٣٨٤٧). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) في س، ز، ص ٦، وحاشية الأصل: \"أحبس\".\n(^٣) في م: \"نزلت\".","vol":"12","page":495},{"text":"﴿يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ﴾. إلَى آخِرِها. لَفظُ حَديثِ وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ، وحَديثُ الطَّيالِسِىِّ مُختَصَرٌ (^١).\nورَواه كَثيرُ بنُ هِشامٍ عن هِشامٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ وهبٍ، إلا أنَّه قال: فقالَ: \"يا جابِرُ، لا أُراكَ مَيِّتًا مِن وجَعِكَ هذا\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2722>بابُ ميراثِ الإخوَةِ والأخَواتِ لأبٍ وأُمِّ أو لأبٍ</span>\n\n١٢٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، قال: وميراثُ الإخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ أنَّهُم لا يَرِثونَ مَعَ الوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ ولا مَعَ ولَدِ الابنِ الذَّكَرِ ولا مَعَ الأبِ شَيئًا، وهُم مَعَ البَناتِ وبَناتِ الأبناءِ (^٣) -ما لَم يَترُكِ المُتَوَفَّى جَدًّا أبا أبٍ- يُخلَّفونَ ويُبدأُ بمَن كانَت له فريضَةٌ فيُعطَونَ فرائضَهُم،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٨٤٨). وفيه: \"إنى لأراك ميتًا\". من غير شك. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٢٥، ٧٥١٣) من طريق هشام به، وفيه: \"إنى لا أراك ميتًا\". من غير شك.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٩٨)، وأبو داود (٢٨٨٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥١٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"الابن\".","vol":"12","page":496},{"text":"فإِن فضَلَ [بعدَ ذَلِكَ فضلٌ] (^١) كان لِلِإخوَةِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ بَينَهُم على كِتابِ اللَّهِ إناثًا كانوا أو ذُكورًا، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم، وإِن لَم يَترُكِ المُتَوَفَّى أبًا ولا جَدًّا أبا أبٍ (^٢) ولا ابنًا ذَكَرًا ولا أُنثَى فإِنَّه يُفرَضُ لِلأُختِ الواحِدَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفُ، فإِن كانَتا اثنَتَينِ فأكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأخَواتِ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثانِ، فإِن كان مَعَهُنَّ أخٌ ذَكَرٌ فإِنَّه لا فريضةَ لأحَدٍ مِنَ الأخَواتِ، ويُبدأُ بمَن شَرِكَهُم مِن أهلِ الفَرائضِ فيُعطَونَ فرائضَهُم، فما فضَلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ كان بَينَ الإخوَةِ والأخواتِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، إلا في فريضَةٍ واحِدَةٍ قَطْ لَم يَفضُلْ لَهُم فيها شَيءٌ فاشتَرَكوا مَعَ بَنِى أُمِّهِم، وهِى امرأةٌ توُفّيَت وتَرَكَت زَوجَها وأُمَّها وأخَوَيها (^٣) لأُمِّها وإِخوَتَها (^٤) لأبيها وأُمِّها، فكانَ لِزَوجِها النِّصفُ، ولأُمِّها السُّدُسُ، ولابنَىْ أُمِّها الثُّلُثُ، فلَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ؛ يُشَرِّكُ (^٥) بَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ في هذه الفَريضَةِ مَعَ بَنِى الأُمِّ في ثُلُثِهِم فيَكونُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثل حَظِّ الأُنثَى (^٦)، مِن أجلِ أنَّهُم كُلَّهُم بَنو أُمِّ المُتَوَفَّى (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فضل بعد ذلك\".\n(^٢) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"ولا ابنًا ولا ولدًا ولا ولد ابن ذكرًا ولا أنثى\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"وإخوتها\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"وأخويها\".\n(^٥) في م: \"يشترك\".\n(^٦) في س، م: \"الأنثيين\". وهو خطأ قطعًا.\n(^٧) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٦)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٤). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن أبن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":497},{"text":"قال: ميراثُ الإخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ كَميراثِ الإخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ سَواءٌ؛ ذَكَرُهُم كَذَكَرِهِم، وأُنثاهُم كأُنثاهُم إلا أنَّهُم لا يُشَرَّكونَ (^١) مَعَ بَنِى الأُمِّ في هذه الفَريضَةِ التى شَرِكَهُم بَنو الأبِ والأُمِّ، فإِذا اجتَمَعَ الإخوَةُ مِنَ الأُمِّ والأبِ والإخوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ وكانَ في بَنِى الأبِ والأُمِّ ذَكَرٌ فلا ميراثَ مَعَه لأحَدٍ مِنَ الإخوَةِ لِلأبِ، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ بَنو الأُمِّ والأبِ إلا امرأةً واحِدَةً وكانَ بَنو الأبِ امرأةً واحِدَةً أوأكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ مِنَ الإناثِ لا ذَكَرَ فيهِنَّ فإِنَّه يُفرَضُ لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفُ، ويُفرَضُ لِبَناتِ الأبِ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، فإِن كان مَعَ بَناتِ الأبِ أخٌ ذَكَرٌ فلا فريضَةَ لَهُم ويُبدأُ بأهلِ الفَرائضِ فيُعطَونَ فرائضَهُم، فإِن فضَلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فضلٌ كان بَينَ بَنِى الأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم، فإِن كان بَنو الأُمِّ والأبِ امرأتَينِ فأكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ مِنَ الإناثِ فُرِضَ (^٢) لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثانِ، ولا ميراثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِبَناتِ الأبِ إلا أن يَكونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ مِن أبٍ، فإِن كان مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ بُدِئَ بفَرائضِ مَن كانَت له فريضَةٌ فأُعطُوها، فإِن فضَلَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فضلٌ كان بَينَ بَنِى الأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، م: \"يشتركون\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فيفرض\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٧)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٥). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":498},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِه، وعن أصحابِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، وعن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ: أُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ وأخَواتٌ لأبٍ: في قَولِ علىٍّ وزَيدٍ: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفُ، وما بَقِى لِلأخَواتِ والأخِ مِنَ الأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفُ، ولِلأخَواتِ مِنَ الأبِ (^١) تَكمِلَةُ الثُّلُثَينِ، وما بَقِى لِلأخِ مِنَ الأبِ.\nأُختانِ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ وأُختٌ لأبٍ: في قَولِ علىٍّ وزَيدٍ: لِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ الثُّلُثانِ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الأُختِ والأخِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختَينِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ الثُّلُثانِ، وما بَقِى لِلذَّكَرِ دونَ الأُنثَى. لأنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يَرَى أن يَزيدَ الأخَواتِ على الثُّلُثَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن الدَّينَ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ، وأنتُم تَقرَءونَها: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١١]. وإِنَّ أعيانَ بَنِى الأُمِّ يَتَوارَثونَ دونَ بَنِى العَلَّاتِ (^٣)؛\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"السدس\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٤٤٧).\n(^٣) بنو العلات: إذا كان أبوهم واحدًا وأمهاتهم شتى، وأولاد الأعيان: أولاد الأبوين الأخياف: عكس العلات. المصباح المنير (ع ل ل).","vol":"12","page":499},{"text":"يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أخاه لأبيه وأُمِّه دونَ إخوَتِه لأبيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2723>بابٌ: الأخَواتُ مَعَ البَناتِ عَصَبَةٌ</span>\n\n١٢٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلٍ قال: أتَى أبا موسَى رَجُلٌ يَسألُه عن امرأةٍ تَرَكَتِ ابنَتَها وابنَةَ ابنِها وأُختَها فقالَ: لابنَتِها النِّصفُ، ولأُختِها النِّصفُ، ولَيسَ لابنَةِ ابنِها شَيءٌ، وائتِ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فإِنَّه سَيَقولُ لَكَ مِثلَ الَّذِى قُلتُ لَكَ. فأتَى عبدَ اللهِ فسألَه فحَدَّثَه بالَّذِى قال أبو موسَى، قال: قَد ضَلَلتُ إذن وما أنا مِنَ المُهتَدينَ، لا بَل أقضِى فيها بما قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ لابنَتِها النِّصفُ ولابنَةِ ابنِها السُّدُسُ تَكمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، وما بَقِى لأُختِها. فرَجَعَ إلَى أبى موسَى فأخبَرَه، فقالَ: لا تَسألونا عن شَئٍ ما دامَ هذا الحَبرُ بَينَ أظهُرِكُم (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَم عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا بِشرٌ هو ابنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قَضَى فينا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩١)، والترمذى (٢٠٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١٥) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وسيأتى في (١٢٦٨٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٤٤١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٣٦).","vol":"12","page":500},{"text":"مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في امرأةٍ تَرَكَتِ ابنَتَها وأُختَها: النِّصفُ لِلابنَةِ والنِّصفُ لِلأُختِ. قال سُلَيمانُ بَعدُ: قَضَى فينا. ولَم يَذكُرْ: على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بِشرِ بنِ خالِدٍ العَسكَرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: سَمِعتُ الأسوَدَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: قَضَى فينا مُعاذٌ باليَمَنِ في رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ ابنَتَه وأُختَه، فأعطَى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ، وأعطَى الأُختَ النِّصفَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٦٣ - قال أبو داودَ: قال شُعبَةُ: وأخبَرَنِى الأعمَشُ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قَضَى فينا مُعاذٌ باليَمَنِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جِئَ في رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ ابنَتَه وأُختَه، فأعطَى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ والأُختَ النِّصفَ (^٤). كَذا رَواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، ورِوايَةُ غُندَرٍ أصَحُّ، وقَد أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ شَيبانَ عن أشعَثَ مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عزاه ابن حجر في فتح البارى ١٢/ ٢٥ للإسماعيلى. وأخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٩٦٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٤١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٩٣ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٩٣ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٧٣٤).","vol":"12","page":501},{"text":"١٢٤٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: قَضَى ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ في ابنَةٍ وأُختٍ فأعطَى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ، وأعطَى العَصَبَةَ سائرَ المالِ، فقُلتُ له: إنَّ مُعاذًا قَضَى فيها باليَمَنِ فأعطَى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ، وأعطَى الأُختَ النِّصفَ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: فأنتَ رسولِى إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ فتُحَدِّثُه بهَذا الحديثِ. وكانَ قاضيًا على الكوفَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى الإمامُ أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وفَيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: جاءَ ابنَ عباسٍ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: رَجُلٌ توُفِّى وتَرَكَ ابنَتَه وأُختَه لأبِيه وأُمِّه. فقالَ: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ، ولَيسَ لِلأُختِ شَيءٌ، ما بَقِى فهو لِعَصَبَتِه. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: فإِنَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَد قَضَى بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ؛ جَعَلَ لِلابنَةِ النِّصفَ، ولِلأُختِ النِّصفَ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أنتُم أعلمُ أمِ اللهُ؟ قال مَعمَرٌ: فلَم أدرِ ما وجهُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى لَقِيتُ ابنَ طاوُسٍ فذَكَرتُ له حَديثَ الزُّهرِىِّ، فقال: أخبرَنِى أبى أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ﴾ [النساء: ١٧٦]. قال\n_________\n(^١) عزاه ابن حجر في فتح البارى ١٢/ ١٦ ليزيد بن هارون في كتاب \"الفرائض\". وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٢٥)، والدارمى (٢٩٢١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":502},{"text":"ابنُ عباسٍ: فقُلتُم أنتُم: لَها نِصفٌ وإِن كان له ولَدٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: المَرادُ بالوَلَدِ هاهنا الابنُ بدَليلِ ما مَضَى عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ عَمَّن بَعدَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2724>بابُ ميراثِ الأبِ</span>\n\n١٢٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الأبِ مِنَ ابنِه أوِ ابنَتِه إذا (^٢) توُفِّى أنَّه إن تَرَكَ المُتَوَفَّى ولَدًا ذَكَرًا أو ولَدَ ابنٍ ذَكَرٍ فإِنَّه يُفرَضُ لِلأبِ السُّدُسُ، وإِن لَم يَترُكِ المُتَوَفَّى ولَدًا ذَكَرًا ولا ولَدَ ابنٍ ذَكَرٍ فإِنَّ الأبَ يُخَلَّفُ ويُبدأُ بمَن شَرِكَه مِن أهلِ الفَرائضِ فيُعطَونَ فرائضَهُم، فإِن فضَلَ مِنَ المالِ السُّدُسُ فأكثَرُ مِنه كان لِلأبِ، وإِن لَم يَفضُلْ عَنهُمُ السُّدُسُ فأكثَرُ مِنه فُرِضَ لِلأبِ السُّدُسُ فريضَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٢٣)، ومن طريقه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٣٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) في ز، ص ٦: \"إن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٤)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٦). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":503},{"text":"١٢٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ طاوُسٍ: تَرَكَ أباه وأُمَّه وابنَتَه، كَيفَ؟ قال: لابنَتِه النِّصفُ لا تُزادُ، والسُّدُسُ لِلأُمِّ، والسُّدُسُ لِلأبِ، ثُمَّ السُّدُسُ الآخِرُ لِلأبِ. ثُمَّ أخبرَنِى عن أبيه (^١) أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألحِقوا المالَ بالفَرائضِ، فما تَرَكَتِ الفَرائضُ فلأدنَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألحِقوا الفَرائضَ بأهلِها، فما بَقِى فهو لأولَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وموسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) يعنى ابنُ جريج أن ابن طاوس أخبره عن أبيه طاوس.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٣٧) وعنده: عن أبيه أنه قال: ألحقوا ...\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٧، ٢٩٩٣)، والترمذى (٢٠٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣١) من طريق وهيب به. وسيأتى في (١٢٥٠٣، ١٢٥٠٨، ١٢٦٢٠، ٢١٥٣٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٧٣٢، ٦٧٣٧)، ومسلم (١٦١٥/ ٢).","vol":"12","page":504},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2725>بابُ فرضِ الجَدَّةِ والجَدَّتَينِ</span>\n\n١٢٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خَرَشَةَ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: جاءَتِ الجَدَّةُ إلَى أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- تَسألُه ميراثَها، فقالَ لَها أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: ما لَكِ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ شَيءٌ، وما عَلِمتُ لَكِ في سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَيئًا، فارجِعِى حَتَّى أسألَ النّاسَ. فقالَ المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ: حَضَرتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أعطاها السُّدُسَ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: هَل مَعَكَ غَيرُكَ؟ فقامَ محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، فقالَ مِثلَ ما قال المُغيرَةُ، فأنفَذَه لَها أبو بكرٍ -﵁-، ثُمَّ جاءَتِ الجَدَّةُ الأُخرَى إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- تَسألُه ميراثَها، فقالَ: ما لَكِ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ شَيءٌ، وما كان القَضاءُ الَّذِى قُضِى به إلا لِغَيرِكِ، وما أنا بزائدٍ في الفَرائضِ شَيئًا، ولَكِن هو ذَلِكَ السُّدُسُ، فإِنِ اجتَمَعتُما فيه فهو بَينَكُما، وأيَّتُكُما خَلَت به فهو لَها (^١).\n\n١٢٤٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٥١٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٩٨٠)، والترمذى (٢١٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٢٤)، وابن حبان (٦٠٣١)، وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٩٤) عن القعنبى به، وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦١٧).","vol":"12","page":505},{"text":"آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ورَّثَ جَدَّةً سُدُسًا (^١).\n\n١٢٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ العَتَكِىُّ أبو المُنيبِ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، [عن أبيه] (^٢)، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أطعَمَ السُّدُسَ الجَدَّةَ إذا لَم تَكُنْ أُمٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن يُونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعطَى الجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٧٣ - ورُوِى عن شُعبَةَ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ: أخبرَنما أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ أخو خَطّابٍ، حدثنا ابنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٢٥) من طريق شريك به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٩٦٥): هذا إسناد ضعيف، لضعف ليث بن أبى سليم وتدليسه.\n(^٢) ليس في: ز. وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٢٧/ ١٢٥.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٤٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣١٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٢٣) من طريق يونس به بنحوه، وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٣٨٩: لم يصح.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن المظفر في حديث شعبة (١١٦) من طريق ابن حميد الرازى به.","vol":"12","page":506},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ. به محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢)، والمَحفوظُ حَديثُ مَعقِلٍ في الجَدِّ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه قال: أتَتِ الجَدَّتانِ إلَى أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁-، فأرادَ أن يَجعَلَ السُّدُسَ لِلَّتِى مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: أما إنَّكَ تَترُكُ التى لَو ماتت وهو حَىٌّ كان إيّاها يَرِثُ، فجَعَلَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ السُّدُسَ بَينَهُما (^٤).\n\n١٢٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ صاعِدٍ: حَدَّثَكُم أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، أن جَدَّتَينِ أتَتا أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- أُمُّ الأُمِّ وأُمُّ الأبِ، فأعطَى الميراثَ أُمَّ الأُمِّ دونَ أُمِّ الأبِ، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَهلٍ أخو بَنِى\n_________\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (١٣٥٦)، وعنه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩١.\n(^٢) هو أبو عبد الله محمد بن حميد بن حيان التميمى الرازى، ينظر ترجمته في تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٢٥٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٩٧، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١١/ ٥٥٣. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٥٦: حافظ ضعيف، وكان ابن معين حسن الرأى فيه.\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٢٥٣٨).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥١٣، ومن طريقه ابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء المبهمة ٢/ ٥٩٥.","vol":"12","page":507},{"text":"حارِثَةَ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ، قَد أعطَيتَ التى لَوأنَّها ماتَت لَم يَرِثْها. فجَعَلَه أبو بكرٍ بَينَهُما. يَعنِى السُّدُسَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى هذا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في إسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ:\n\n١٢٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قَضَى لِلجَدَّتَينِ مِنَ الميراثِ بَينَهُما السُّدُسَ سَواءً (^٢). إسحاقُ عن عُبادَةَ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2726>بابُ مَن لَم يوَرِّثْ أكثَرَ مِن جَدَّتَينِ</span>\n\n١٢٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، أن أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ كان لا يَفرِضُ إلا لِلجَدَّتَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٨٤)، وابن بشكوال في الغوامض ٥/ ٥٩٦ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٢٧٧٨)، وعنه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٠ من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به، وعنده: الفضل، وهو خطأ، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٢٧١.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطا برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٤ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥١٤. ورواية ابن بكير: لجدتين. والمثبت عندنا موافق لرواية الليثى.","vol":"12","page":508},{"text":"١٢٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: لا نَعلَمُه وُرِّثَ في الإِسلامِ إلا جَدَّتَينِ (^١). وهَذا قَولُ رَبيعَةَ أيضًا (^٢).\nورُوِى عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ أنَّه قال لابنِ مَسعودٍ: أنتُمُ الَّذينَ تَفرِضونَ لِثَلاثِ جَدّاتٍ! كأنَّه يُنكِرُ ذَلِكَ. وفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: وَرِّثْ حَوّاءَ مِن بَنيها (^٣). وإِسنادُه لَيسَ بذاكَ. أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ: جاءَتِ الأخبارُ عن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وجَماعَةٍ مِنَ التّابِعينَ أنَّهُم ورَّثوا ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ، مَعَ الحديثِ المُنقَطِعِ الَّذِى رُوِى عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه ورَّثَ ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ، ولا نَعلَمُ عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- خِلافَ ذَلِكَ، إلا ما رُوِّينا عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، مِمّا لا يُثبِتُ أهلُ المَعرِفَةِ بالحَديثِ إسنادَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2727>بابُ تَوريثِ ثَلاثِ جَدّاتٍ مُتَحاذياتٍ أو أكثَرَ</span>\n\n١٢٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التمهيد ٦/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٤٦٥١)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٤٢٣).\n(^٣) ينظر تنقيح التحقيق ٤/ ٢٧٠.","vol":"12","page":509},{"text":"وسُفيانُ وشَريكٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: أطعَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ سُدُسًا. قُلتُ لإِبراهيمَ: ما هُنَّ؟ قال: جَدَّتاكَ مِن قِبَلِ أبيكَ وجَدَّةُ أُمِّكَ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٢٤٨٠ - وقَد رُوِى عن خارِجَةَ بنِ مُصعَبٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وهو أيضًا مُرسَلٌ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عيسَى بنِ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، [أخبرَنا وكيعٌ] (^٣)، عن الفَضلِ بنِ دَلهَمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ورَّثَ ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ (^٤). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ، وفيه تأكيدٌ لِلأوَّلِ.\nوهو المَروِىُّ عن جَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٩٧٧)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٣٥٥) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٧٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٠١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: ز. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٥٩) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"12","page":510},{"text":"١٢٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عَونٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن محمدٍ في الجَدّاتِ الأربَعِ أن عُمَرَ -﵁- أطعَمَهُنَّ السُّدُسَ.\n\n١٢٤٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ وعَليًّا -﵄- كانا يوَرِّثانِ ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ؛ ثِنتَينِ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ وواحِدَةً مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: فإِن تَرَكَ المُتَوَفَّى ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ لَيسَ دونَهُنَّ أُمٌّ ولا أبٌ فالسُّدُسُ بَينَهُنَّ ثَلاثَتِهِنَّ؛ وهُنَّ أُمُّ أُمِّ الأُمِّ وأُمُّ أُمِّ الأبِ وأُمُّ أبِ الأبِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٤) من طريق هشيم به. والدارمى (٢٩٨٢) من طريق آخر عن الشعبى به وفيه زيادة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٥٠)، والصغرى (٢٢٦١) بنحوه. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به مطولًا.","vol":"12","page":511},{"text":"١٢٤٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ وداودُ أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال: تَرِثُ ثَلاثُ جَدّاتٍ؛ جَدَّتَينِ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ وواحِدَةً مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ.\n\n١٢٤٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: تَرِثُ ثَلاثُ جَدّاتٍ؛ جَدَّتَينِ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ وواحِدَةً مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: تَرِثُ الجَدّاتُ الأربَعُ جُمَعُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: جِئنَ أربَعُ جَدّاتٍ يَتَساوَقنَ (^٣) إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٠٤) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) جُمَعُ: من ألفاظ التوكيد. ينظر التاج ٢٠/ ٤٦٠ (ج م ع).\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٠٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) يتساوقن: يتتابعن، أو يتزاحمن. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ٤٨١ (س وق).","vol":"12","page":512},{"text":"مَسروقٍ، فألقَى أُمَّ أبِ الأُمِّ، ووَرَّثَ ثلاثَ جَدّاتٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى وشَيبانُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ وحُمَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قالا في أُمِّ أبِ الأُمِّ: لا تَرِثُ. وقالَ داودُ عن الشَّعبِىِّ: ابنُها (^٢) الَّذِى تُدلِى به لا يَرِثُ، فكَيفَ تَرِثُ هِى؟! (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2728>بابُ تَوريد القُربَى مِنَ الجَدّاتِ دونَ البُعدَى</span>\n\n١٢٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن عَليًّا وزَيدًا -﵄- كانا يوَرِّثانِ القُربَى مِنَ الجَدّاتِ.\n\n١٢٤٩١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان علىٌّ وزَيدٌ -﵄- يوَرِّثانِ مِنَ الجَدّاتِ الأقرَبَ فالأقرَبَ.\n\n١٢٤٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٩٨٧) عن يزيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٨١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨١٣) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٢) في م: \"إنما\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٩٧٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة دون ذكر حميد والحسن.","vol":"12","page":513},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان علىٌّ وزَيدٌ -﵄- يُطعِمانِ الجَدَّةَ أوِ الثِّنتَينِ أوِ الثَّلاثَ السُّدُسَ -لا يُنقَصْنَ مِنه ولا يُزَدْنَ عَلَيه- إذا كانَت قَرابَتُهُنَّ إلَى المَيِّتِ سَواءً، فإِن كانَت إحداهُنَّ أقرَبَ فالسُّدُسُ لَها دونَهُنَّ، وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ يُشرِكُ بَينَ أقرَبِهِنَّ وأبَعدِهِنَّ في السُّدُسِ إن كُنَّ بمَكانٍ شَتَّى، ولا يَحجُبُ الجَدّاتِ مِنَ السُّدُسِ إلا الأُمُّ (^١).\n\n١٢٤٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان علىٌّ وزَيدٌ -﵄- يوَرِّثانِ القُربَى مِنَ الجَدّاتِ السُّدُسَ، وإِن يَكُنَّ سَواءً فهو بَينَهُنَّ، وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ يقولُ: لا يَحجُبُ الجَدّاتِ إلا الأُمُّ. ويوَرِّثُهُنَّ وإِن كان بَعضُهُنَّ أقرَبَ مِن بَعضٍ، إلا أن تَكونَ إحداهُنَّ أُمَّ الأُخرَى فيوَرِّثُ الابنَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه أبو عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بمَعناه.\nورُوِى عن أبى إسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ عن علىٍّ وزَيدٍ -﵄- بمَعناه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٩٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (٩١، ٩٢) من طريق محمد بن سالم أبى سهل به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٩٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٨٥) من طريق الأعمش به، مقتصرين على قول ابن مسعود.","vol":"12","page":514},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2729>بابُ تَوريثِ القُربَى مِنهُنَّ إذا كانَت مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ، والإِشراكِ بَينَهُنَّ إذا كانَتِ القُربَى مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ</span>\nوهو الصَّحيحُ مِن مَذهَبِ زَيدٍ.\n\n١٢٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: إذا اجتَمَعَت جَدَّتانِ فبَينَهُما السُّدُسُ، وإِذا كانَتِ التى مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ أقرَبَ مِنَ الأُخرَى فالسُّدُسُ لَها، وإِذا كانَتِ التى مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ أقرَبَ فهو بَينَهُما (^١).\n\n١٢٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه قال: فإِنّا قَد سَمِعنا أنَّها إن كانَتِ التى مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ هِى أقعَدَهُما (^٢) كان لَها السُّدُسُ دونَ التى مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ، وإِن كانَتا مِنَ المُتَوَفَّى بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ أو كانَتِ التى مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ هِى أقعَدَهُما فإِنَّ السُّدُسَ يُقسَمُ بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٥٧) عن سعيد بن المسيب به.\n(^٢) الأقعد: القريب الآباء من الجد الأكبر. القاموس المحيط (ق ع د).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦١)، والمعرفة (٣٨٥٧). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":515},{"text":"١٢٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ ابنُ يَعلَى الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن عمرِو بنِ وُهَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا كانَتِ الجَدَّةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ أقعَدَ مِنَ الجَدَّةِ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ، فهِى أحَقُّ بالسُّدُسِ، وإِذا كانَتِ الجَدَّةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ أقعَدَ، أشرَكتُ بَينَها وبَينَ جَدَّةِ الأُمِّ. قيلَ: وكَيفَ صارَت الجَدَّةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ بهَذِه المَنزِلَةِ؟ قال: لأنَّ الجَدّاتِ إنَّما أُطعِمنَ السُّدُسَ مِن قِبَلِ سُدُسِ الأُمِّ.\n\n١٢٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: إذا كانَتِ الجَدَّةُ مِن قَبلِ الأُمِّ، أقعَدَ مِنَ الجَدَّةِ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ، كان لَها السُّدُسُ، وإِذا كانَتِ الجَدَّةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ هِى أقعَدَ مِنَ الجَدَّةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ، جُعِلَ السُّدُسُ بَينَهُما (^١).\n\n١٢٤٩٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن فِطرٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٨٥) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨١٩) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٢٠) عن وكيع به.","vol":"12","page":516},{"text":"١٢٤٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: إذا كانَتِ الجَدَّةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأُمِّ أقعَدَ فهِى أحَقُّ بالسُّدُسِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2730>بابُ العَصَبَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن هِلالِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى عَمْرَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن مُؤمِنٍ إلا أنا أولَى النّاسِ به في الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ، اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦]، وأيُّما امرِئٍ تَرَكَ مالًا فلتَرِثْه عَصَبَتُه مَن كانوا، وإِن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا فليأتِنِى فأنا مَولاه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى ورقاءُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٢٣) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤١٨) من طريق فليح بن سليمان به. وسيأتى في (١٣٤٩٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٨١).","vol":"12","page":517},{"text":"عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه إنْ على الأرضِ مِن مُؤمِنٍ إلَّا أنا أولَى النّاسِ به، فأيُّكُم ما تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا فلأُدعَ إلَيه فأنا مَولاه، وأيُّكُم ما تَرَكَ مالًا فإِلَى العَصَبَةِ مَن كان\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم، مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فمالُه لِمَوالِى العَصَبَةِ، ومَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا (^٣) أو ضَياعًا فأنا وليُّه\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى عن إسرائيلَ (^٥). اسمُ المَوالِى يَقَعُ على [بَنِى الأعمامِ] (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2731>بابُ تَرتيبِ العَصَبَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ العَدلُ وأبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٩٨٣)، وأبو يعلى (٦٣١٢) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦١٩/ ١٥).\n(^٣) الكَلُّ: العيال. النهاية ٤/ ١٩٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٧٣) عن محمد بن سابق به. وسيأتى في (٢١٥١٣).\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٧٤٥).\n(^٦) في م: \"ذوى الأرحام\".","vol":"12","page":518},{"text":"السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ قالا: حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألحِقوا المالَ بالفَرائضِ، فما أبقَتِ الفَرائضُ فلِأولَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ موسَى: \"ألحِقوا الفَرائضَ بأهلِها، فما بَقِى فهو لِأولَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِه في قَولِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وعَلِىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵃-: إذا تَرَكَ المُتَوَفَّى ابنًا فالمالُ له، فإِن تَرَكَ ابنَينِ فالمالُ بَينَهُما، فإِن تَرَكَ ثَلاثَةَ بَنينَ فالمالُ بَينَهُم بالسَّويَّةِ، فإِن تَرَكَ بَنينَ وبَناتٍ فالمالُ بَينَهُم لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَترُكْ ولَدًا لِلصُّلبِ وتَرَكَ بَنِى ابنٍ وبَناتِ ابنٍ نَسَبُهُم إلَى المَيِّتِ واحِدٌ فالمالُ بَينَهُم لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، وهُم بمَنزِلَةِ الوَلَدِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ ولَدٌ، وإِذا تَرَكَ ابنًا وابنَ ابنٍ فلَيسَ لابنِ الابنِ شَيءٌ، وكَذَلِكَ [إذا تَرَكَ] (^٣) ابنَ ابنٍ وأسفَلَ مِنه ابنُ ابنٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٤٦٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٣٢)، ومسلم (١٦١٥/ ٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: ز.","vol":"12","page":519},{"text":"وبَناتُ ابنٍ أسفَلَ فلَيسَ لِلَّذِى أسفَلَ مِنَ ابنِ الابنِ مَعَ الأعلَى شَيءٌ، كما أنَّه لَيسَ لابنِ الابنِ مَعَ الابنِ شَيءٌ. قال: وإِن تَرَكَ أباه ولَم يَتْرُكْ أحَدًا غَيرَه فلَه المالُ، وإِن تَرَكَ أباه وتَرَكَ ابنًا فلِلأبِ السُّدُسُ وما بَقِى فلِلابنِ، وإِن تَرَكَ ابنَ ابنٍ ولَم يَترُكِ ابنًا فابنُ الابنِ بمَنزِلَةِ الابنِ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادُ على مَعانِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، قال: الأخُ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ أولَى بالميراثِ مِنَ الأخِ لِلأبِ، والأخُ لِلأب أولَى بالميرَاثِ مِن ابنِ الأخِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ، وابنُ الأخِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ أولَى (^٢) مِن ابنِ الأخ لِلأبِ، وابنُ الأخِ لِلأبِ أولَى مِن ابنِ ابنِ الأخِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ، وابنُ الأخِ لِلأبِ أولَى مِنَ العَمِّ أخِ الأبِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ، والعَمُّ أخُ الأبِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ أولَى مِنَ العَمِّ أخِى الأبِ لِلأبِ، والعَمُّ أخُ الأبِ لِلأبِ أولَى مِن ابنِ العَمِّ أخِ الأبِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ، وابنُ العَمِّ لِلأبِ أولَى مِن عَمِّ الأبِ أخِ أبى الأبِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ، وكُلُّ شَئٍ تُسألُ عنه مِن ميراثِ العَصَبَةِ فإِنَّه على نَحوِ هذا، فما سُئلتَ عنه مِن ذَلِكَ فانسُبِ المُتَوَفَّى وانسُبْ مَن يُنازِعُ في الوِلايَةِ مِن عَصَبَتِه، فإِن وجَدتَ أحَدًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٥٧٨).\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٦: \"بالميراث\".","vol":"12","page":520},{"text":"مِنهُم يَلقَى المُتَوَفَّى إلَى أبٍ لا يَلقاه مَن سِواه مِنهُم إلا إلَى أبٍ فوقَ ذَلِكَ فاجعَلِ الميراثَ للَّذِى (^١) يَلقاه إلَى الأبِ الأدنَى دونَ الآخَرينَ، وإِذا وجَدتَهُم كُلَّهُم يَلقَونَه إلَى أبٍ واحِدٍ يَجمَعُهُم فانظُرْ أقعَدَهُم في النَّسَبِ، فإِن كان ابنَ ابنٍ فقَط فاجعَلِ الميراثَ له دونَ الأطرَفِ (^٢)، فإِن كان الأطرَفُ ابنَ أُمٍّ وأبٍ، فإِن وجَدتَهُم مُستَوِيينَ يتناسبون (^٣) في عَدَدِ الآباءِ إلَى عَدَدٍ واحِدٍ حَتَّى يَلقَوا نَسَبَ المُتَوَفَّى وكانوا كُلُّهُم بَنِى أبٍ [أو بَنِى أبٍ] (^٤) وأُمٍّ، فاجعَلِ الميراثَ بَينَهُم بالسَّواءِ، وإِن كان والِدُ بَعضِهِم أخا والِدِ ذَلِكَ المُتَوَفَّى لأبيه وأُمِّه وكانَ والِدُ مَن سِواه إنَّما هوأخو والِدِ ذَلِكَ المُتَوَفَّى لأبيه قَطْ (^٥)، فإِنَّ الميراثَ لِبَنِى الأبِ والأُمِّ دونَ بَنِى الأبِ، والجَدُّ أبُ الأبِ أولَى مِن ابنِ الأخِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ، وأولَى مِنَ العَمِّ أخِ الأبِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ (^٦).\n\n١٢٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ -وكانَ قاضيًا- فأتاه قَوم يَختَصِمونَ في ميراثِ امرأةٍ يُقالُ لَها: فُكَيهَةُ بنتُ سِمعانَ، فجَعَلَ هذا يقولُ: أنا فُلانُ بنُ فُلانِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"الذى\".\n(^٢) الأطرف: هو الأبعد من الجد الأكبر. اللسان ٩/ ٢١٣ (ط ر ف).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"يتسايون\"، وفى ز: \"ينسابون\".\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.\n(^٥) في م: \"فقط\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٦٢). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":521},{"text":"سِمعانَ. ويَقولُ هذا: أنا فُلانُ بنُ فُلانِ بنِ سِمعانَ. فلَم يَفهَمْ، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فكَتَبَ قِصَّتَهُم في صَحيفَةٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ بها إلَيه فقَرأها فقالَ: نَعَم قَد فهِمتُ، حَدَّثَنِى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ قَيسٍ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى في أهلِ طاعونِ عَمَواسَ (^١) أنَّهُم إذا كانوا مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ سَواءً فبَنو الأُمِّ أحَقُّ بالمالِ، فإِن كان أحَدُهُم أقرَبَهُم بأبٍ فهو أحَقُّ بالمالِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيم، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالدَّينِ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ، وأنتُم تَقرَءونَ: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء: ١١]. وإِنَّ أعيانَ بَنِى الأُمِّ يَتَوارَثُونَ دونَ بَنِى العَلَّاتِ؛ الإِخوَةُ والأخَواتُ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ دونَ الإخوَةِ والأخَواتِ لِلأبِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2732>بابُ ميراثِ ابنَى عَمٍّ أحَدُهُما زَوجٌ أو (^٤) أخٌ لأُمٍّ</span>\n\n١٢٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عمواس: تقدم التعريف به في (١٢٣٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٠٢٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٣٩، ١٩١٣٦) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٤٥٩)، وسيأتى في (١٢٦٨٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"والآخر\".","vol":"12","page":522},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عيسَى وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألحِقوا الفَرائضَ بأهلِها، فما تَرَكَتِ الفَرائضُ فلأولَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ بِسطامَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أوسِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عِقالٍ قال: أُتِى شُرَيحٌ في امرأةٍ تَرَكَتِ ابنَى عَمَّيها (^٣) أحَدُهُما زَوجُها والآخَرُ أخوها لأُمِّها، فأعطَى الزَّوجَ النِّصفَ وأعطَى الأخَ مِنَ الأُمِّ ما بَقِى، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا -﵁-، فأرسَلَ إلَيه فقالَ: ادعُوا لِى العَبدَ الأبظَرَ (^٤). فدُعِى شُرَيحٌ فقالَ: ما قَضَيتَ؟ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦٠٠)، والطبرانى (١٠٩٠٣) وفيه: \"بكتاب الله\" بدلًا من: \"أهلها\"، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٧١ من طريق معاذ بن المثنى به. وتقدم في (١٢٤٦٨)، وسيأتى في (١٢٦٢٠، ٢١٥٣٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٤٦)، ومسلم (١٦١٥/ ٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"عمها\".\n(^٤) في م: \"الأبطر\". =","vol":"12","page":523},{"text":"أعطَيتُ الزَّوجَ النِّصفَ والأخَ مِنَ الأُمِّ ما بَقِى. فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: أبِكِتابِ اللهِ أم بسُنَّةٍ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: بَل بكِتاب اللهِ. فقالَ: أينَ؟ قال شُرَيحٌ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٥، الأحزاب: ٦]. فقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: هَل قال: لِلزَّوج النِّصفُ ولِهَذا ما بَقِى؟ ثُمَّ أعطَى علىٌّ -﵁- الزَّوجَ النِّصفَ والأخَ مِنَ الأُمِّ السُّدُسَ، ثُمَّ [قَسَمَ ما بَقِى بَينهما] (^١). ورَواه أيضا شُعبَةُ عن أوسٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أُتِى علىٌّ بابنَى عَمٍّ أحَدُهُما أخٌ لأُمٍّ، فقيلَ له: إنَّ عبدَ اللهِ كان يُعطى الأخَ لِلأُمِّ المالَ كُلَّه. قال: يَرحَمُه اللهُ، إن كان لَفَقيهًا، ولَو كُنتُ أنا لأعطَيتُ الأخَ مِنَ الأُمِّ السُّدُسَ، ثُمَّ لَقَسَمتُ ما بَقِى بَينَهُما (^٣).\n\n١٢٥١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا\n_________\n= والأبظر: هو الذى في شفته العيا طول ونتوء في وسطها محاذى الأنف. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٨٣.\n(^١) في م: \"ما بقى قسمة بينهما\". والأثر أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٥ من طريق حماد به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٠) من طريق أوس به، وليس عنده: \"ادعوا لى العبد الأبظر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦١٣)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٥ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٣٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦١٠)، والدارمى (٢٩٣١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٨٧ من طريق سفيان به. والطبرانى (٨٤٧٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.","vol":"12","page":524},{"text":"يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ: امرأةٌ تَرَكَت ابنَىْ عَمِّها أحَدُهُما زَوجُها والآخَرُ أخوها لأُمِّها: في قَولِ علىٍّ وزَيدٍ -﵄-: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ ولِلأخِ مِنَ الأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، وهُما شَريكانِ فيما يَبقَى (^١). وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ ولِلأخِ مِنَ الأُمِّ ما بَقِى. قال يَزيدُ: بقَولِ علىٍّ وزَيدٍ يُؤخَذُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2733>بابُ الميراثِ بالوَلاءِ</span>\n\n١٢٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ النَّسائىُّ بمِصرَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عائشةَ -﵂- أرادَت أن تَشتَرِى جاريَةً تُعتِقُها، فقالَ أهلُها: نَبيعُكِها على أن الوَلاءَ لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ، فإِنَّ الوَلاءَ لِمَن أعتَقَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بقى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٢٩) من طريق محمد بن سالم به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٠٩) من طريق الشعبى به، وليس فيهما قول يزيد.\n(^٣) النسائي (٤٦٥٨). وتقدم في (١٠٩٤٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٧٥٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٥).","vol":"12","page":525},{"text":"حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لُحمَةٌ (^١) كَلُحمَةِ النَّسَبِ لا يُباعُ ولا يوهَبُ\" (^٢).\nورُوِى هذا مَوصولًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ، ورُوِى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِّ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄- مِن قَولِهِما، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في كِتابِ الوَلاءَ إن شاءَ اللهُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ إلَى البَقيعِ فرأى رَجُلًا يُباعُ، فساوَمَ به ثُمَّ تَرَكَه، فاشتَراه رَجُلٌ فأعتَقَه، ثُمَّ أتَى به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى اشتَرَيتُ هذا فأعتَقتُه، فما تَرَى فيهِ؟ قال: \"أخوكَ ومَولاكَ\". قال: ما تَرَى في صُحبَتِهِ؟ قال: \"إن شَكَرَكَ فهو خَيرٌ له وشَرٌّ لَكَ، وإِن كَفَرَكَ فهو خَيرٌ لَكَ وشَرٌّ له\". قال: ما تَرَى في مالِهِ؟ قال: \"إن ماتَ ولَم يَدَعْ وارِثًا فلَكَ مالُه\" (^٤). هَكَذا جاءَ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٢٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) اللُّحمة بالضم: القرابة، والفتح لغة، والمعنى: قرابة كقرابة النسب. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٢١٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٤٥٩)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ٢٠٨. وسيأتى في (٢١٤٦٢).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (٢١٤٦١، ٢١٤٦٣ - ٢١٤٦٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٠٥٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٢١٤) من طريق آخر عن الحسن بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":526},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ رُؤبَةَ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ النَّصرِىِّ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تُحرِزُ (^١) المَرأةُ ثلاثَ مَواريثَ: لَقيطَها وعَتيقَها ووَلَدَها الَّذِى لاعَنَت عَلَيه\" (^٢). هذا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ.\nقال البخارىُّ: عُمَرُ بنُ رُؤبَةَ التَّغلِبِىُّ (^٣) عن عبدِ الواحِدِ النَّصرِىِّ فيه نَظَرٌ.\nأخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِىِّ. قال أبو أحمدَ: أنكَروا عَلَيه أحاديثَه عن عبدِ الواحِدِ المصرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٢٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، أن ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ أعتَقَت غُلامًا لَها، فتوُفِّى وتَرَكَ ابنَةً (^٥) وابنَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، م: \"تحوز\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٠٤)، وأبو داود (٢٩٠٦)، والترمذى (٢١١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٢) من طريق محمد بن حرب به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، ز، ص ٦: \"الثعلبى\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٥٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٤٣. وسيأتى في (١٢٦٢٧) كالمثبت.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٠٦، والتاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٥٥.\n(^٥) في م: \"ابنته\".","vol":"12","page":527},{"text":"حَمزَةَ، فزَعَمَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ لَها النِّصفَ ولابنَتِه النِّصفَ (^١).\n\n١٢٥١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ حَيّانَ الأسَدِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ قال: ماتَ مَولًى لابنَةِ حَمزَةَ وتَرَكَ ابنَةً (^٢) وابنَةَ حَمزَةَ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺلابنَتِه النِّصفَ ولابنَةِ حَمزَةَ النِّصفَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِى عن سلمةَ والشَّعبِىِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ (^٤)، وابنُ شَدّادٍ أخو بنتِ حَمزَةَ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، والحَديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ عن أبيه (^٥). ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\nورَواه ابنُ أبى لَيلَى عن الحَكَمِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ عن ابنَةِ حَمزَةَ (^٦).\nوكُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ الرُّواةِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ أجمَعوا على أن ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ هِى المُعتِقَةُ، وقالَ إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ: توُفَى مَولًى لِحَمزَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٧٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٦٠)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٥٥ (٨٨٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في م: \"ابنته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٦٨)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٥٦ (٨٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) سيأتى مسندا في (٢١٥١٥) من طريق سلمة به.\n(^٥) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٥/ ٣٩٢.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٣٤) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٢١٠).","vol":"12","page":528},{"text":"عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فأعطَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ النِّصفَ طُعمَةً وقَبَضَ النِّصفَ (^١). وهَذا غَلَطٌ، وقَد قال شَريكٌ: تَقَحَّمَ (^٢) إبراهيمُ هذا القَولَ تَقَحُّمًا إلا أن يَكونَ سَمِعَ شَيئًا فرَواه.\n\n١٢٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ أن رَجُلًا ماتَ وتَرَكَ ابنَةً (^٣) ومَواليَه الَّذينَ أعتَقوه، فأعطَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ابنَتَه النِّصفَ ومَواليَه النِّصفَ (^٤). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٢٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِه قالوا: كان زَيدٌ إذا لَم يَجِدْ أحَدًا مِن هَؤُلاءِ -يَعنِى العَصَبَةَ- لَم يَرُدَّ على ذِى سَهمٍ، ولَكِن يَرُدُّ على المَوالِى، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ مَوالِى (^٥) فعَلَى بَيتِ المالِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٨٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢.\n(^٢) يقال: اقتحم الإنسان الأمر العظيم وتقحمه. إذا رمى نفسه فيه من غير روية وتثبت. النهاية ٤/ ١٩.\n(^٣) في م: \"ابنته\".\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٦١).\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ بالياء، وكتبت في الأصل هكذا: موالى.\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٦٤).","vol":"12","page":529},{"text":"١٢٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان عبدُ اللهِ لا يُوَرِّثُ مَوالِى مَعَ ذِى رَحِمٍ شَيئًا، وكانَ علىٌّ وزَيدٌ -﵄- يَقولانِ: إذا كان ذو رَحِمٍ ذو سَهمٍ فلَه سَهمُه، وما بَقِى فلِلمَوالِى، هُم كَلالَةٌ.\n\n١٢٥٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: رأيتُ المَرأةَ التى ورَّثَها علىٌّ -﵁-، فأعطَى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ والمَوالِى النِّصفَ (^١).\nالرِّوايَةُ في هذا عن علىٍّ مُختَلِفَةٌ، فرُوِى عنه هَكَذا ورُوِى كما:\n\n١٢٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن حَيّانَ بَيَّاعِ الأنماطِ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَ سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ -قال يَعقوبُ: وحَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ (^٢) عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَيّانَ الجُعفِىِّ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ -فأُتِى في ابنَةٍ وامرأةٍ ومَولًى، فقالَ: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يُعطِى الابنَةَ النِّصفَ والمَرأةَ الثُّمُنَ، ويَرُدُّ ما بَقِى على الابنَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، ز: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩١. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠٠ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٨٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":530},{"text":"١٢٥٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن فُضيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ -﵄- يوَرِّثانِ الأرحامَ دونَ المَوالِى. فقُلتُ له: أفَكانَ علىٌّ -﵁- يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: كان علىٌّ -﵁- أشَدَّهُم في ذَلِكَ (^١).<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2734> بابُ ما جاءَ في المَولَى مِن أسفَلَ</span>\n\n١٢٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَوسَجَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا توُفِّى على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروا هَل له وارِثٌ؟ \". فقالوا: لا، إلا غُلامًا كان له فأعتَقَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ادفَعوا إلَيه ميراثَه\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو:\n\n١٢٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠٠ من طريق يزيد به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٨٢) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٠٥) من طريق حماد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٤١٠) من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"12","page":531},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَوسَجَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: ماتَ رَجُلٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَترُكْ وارِثًا إلا عبدًا له هوأعتَقَه، فأعطاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ميراثَه (^١).\nوخالَفَهُما حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ فرَواه عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٢٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ وعارِمٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَوسَجَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رَجُلًا ماتَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَدَعْ وارِثًا إلا مَولًى له هو أعتَقَه، فأعطاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ميراثَه. قال القاضِى (^٢): هَكَذا رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ مُرسَلًا لَم يَبلُغْ به ابنَ عباسٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٢٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَوسَجَةَ، أن رَجُلًا أعتَقَ رَجُلًا، فماتَ الَّذِى أَعتَقَ ولَم يَكُنْ له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٠)، والترمذى (٢١٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٤٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) هو إسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضى.\n(^٣) ينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (١٦٤٣).","vol":"12","page":532},{"text":"وارِثٌ، فأعطَى ميراثَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المُعتَقَ.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: عَوسَجَةُ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ رَوَى عنه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، ولَم يَصِحَّ حَديثُه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن عمرٍو عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢). وهو غَلَطٌ لا شَكَّ فيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2735>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ ميراثَ مَن لَم يَدَعْ وارِثًا ولا مَولًى في بَيتِ المالِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى عامِرٍ الهَوزَنِىِّ، عن المِقدامِ الكِندِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أولَى بكُلِّ مُؤمِنٍ مِن نَفسِه، فمَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَيعَةً فإِلَينا، ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، وأنا مَولَى مَن لا مَولَى له، أرِثُ مالَه وأفُكُّ عانَه، والخالُ وارِثُ مَن لا وارِثَ له، يَرِثُ مالَه ويَفُكُّ عانَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ٢٠٢٠، والتاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٦ من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٠٠) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٧٢٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٤) من طريق حماد به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٢٠): حسن صحيح.","vol":"12","page":533},{"text":"١٢٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ وردانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رَجُلًا وقَعَ مِن نَخلَةٍ فماتَ فتَرَكَ شَيئًا ولَم يَدَعْ ولَدًا ولا حَميمًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعطوا ميراثَه رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ قَريَتِه\" (^١).\n\n١٢٥٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأصبَهانِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ وَردانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن مَولًى لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- توُفِّى فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هاهنا أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ قَريَتِه؟ \". فقالوا: نَعَم. فأعطاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ميراثَه (^٢). وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن (^٣) كان مَولًى له بغَيرِ العَتاقِ، فلَم يأخُذْ ميراثَه، وجَعَلَه في أهلِ قَريَتِه على طَريقِ المَصلَحَةِ.\n\n١٢٥٣١ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ الأحمَرِىُّ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن اْبيه، أن رَجُلًا توُفِّى مِن خُزاعَةَ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فأُتِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٥٤)، وأبو داود (٢٩٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٣٣) من طريق وكيع به. والترمذى (٢١٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٩٣) من طريق سفيان به. وعندهم جميعًا أن هذا الرجل كان مولًى لرسول الله -ﷺ- كما في الحديث التالى. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٢٢).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٥٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٠)، وأبو داود (٢٩٠٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٩١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أنه\".","vol":"12","page":534},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بميراثِه فقالَ: \"انظُروا هَل مِن وارِثٍ\". فالتَمَسوه فلَم يَجِدوا له وارِثًا، فأُخبِرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ادفَعوه إلَى أكبَرِ خُزاعَةَ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا المُحارِبِىُّ، عن جِبريلَ بنِ أحمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ قال: إنَّ عِندِى ميراثَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأزدِ، ولَستُ أجِدُ أزديًّا أدفَعُه إلَيه. قال: \"فاذهَبْ فالتَمِسْ (^٢) أزديًّا حَولًا\". قال: فأتاه بعدَ الحَولِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَم أجِدْ أزديًّا أدفَعُه إلَيه. قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فانظُرْ أوَّلَ خُزاعِىٍّ تَلقاه فادفَعْه إلَيه\". فلَمّا ولَّى قال: \"علىَّ بالرَّجُلِ\". فلَمّا جاءَ قال: \"انظُر كُبْرَ (^٣) خزاعَةَ [فادفَعْه إلَيه] (^٤) \" (^٥). جِبريلُ بنُ أحمَرَ هو أبو بكرٍ الأحمَرِىُّ.\n\n١٢٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٨٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٤٤)، وأبو داود (٢٩٠٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٩٤) من طريق شريك به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٢١).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"رجلًا\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أكبر\".\nوالكُبْرُ: يقال: فلان كبر قومه: إذا كان أقعدهم في النسب، وهو أن ينتسب إلى جده الأكبر بآباء أقل عددًا من باقى عشيرته. النهاية ٤/ ١٤١.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٠٣). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٩٦) من طريق المحاربى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٢٠).","vol":"12","page":535},{"text":"يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنتَشِرِ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: أتَيتُ عبدَ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقُلتُ: إنَّ رَجُلًا كان فينا نازِلًا فخَرَجَ إلَى الجَبَلِ فماتَ وتَرَكَ ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: هَل تَرَكَ وارِثًا أو لأحَدٍ مِنكُم عَلَيه عَقدُ ولاءٍ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: له هاهنا ورَثَةٌ كَثيرٌ. فجَعَلَ مالَه في بَيتِ المالِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2736>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ ما فضَلَ عن أهلِ الفَرائضِ ولَم يُخَلِّفْ عَصَبَةً ولا مَولًى في بَيتِ المالِ، ولَم يَرُدَّ على ذِى فرضٍ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٢٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن شُرَحبيلِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في خُطبَتِه في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أعطَى كُلَّ ذِى حَقِّ حَقَّه، لا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: رأيتُ أبى يَجعَلُ فُضولَ المالِ في بَيتِ المالِ، ولا يَرُدُّ على وارِثٍ شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢١١٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٣٣١)، وسيأتى في (١٢٦٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٤) عن يزيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩١٣٢) من طريق محمد بن سالم به بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":536},{"text":"١٢٥٣٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يَرُدُّ على كُلِّ وارِثٍ الفَضلَ بحِصَّةِ ما ورِثَ غَيرَ المَرأةِ والزَّوجِ، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ لا يَرُدُّ على امرأةٍ ولا زَوجٍ ولا ابنَةِ ابنٍ مَعَ ابنَةِ الصُّلبِ، ولا على أُختٍ لأبٍ مَعَ أُختٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، ولا على إخوَةٍ لأُمٍّ مَعَ أُمٍّ، ولا على جَدَّةٍ إلا ألَّا يَكونَ وارِثٌ غَيرُها، وكانَ زَيدٌ لا يَرُدُّ على وارِثٍ شَيئًا ويَجعَلُه في بَيتِ المالِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2737>جماعُ أبوابِ الجَدِّ بابُ ميراثِ الجَدِّ</span>\n\n١٢٥٣٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ ابنَ (^٢) ابنِى ماتَ، فما لِى مِن ميراثِهِ؟ قال: \"لَكَ السُّدُسُ\". فلَمّا ولَّى دَعاه فقالَ: \"لَكَ سُدُسٌ آخَرُ\". فلَمّا ولَّى دَعاه فقالَ: \"إنُّ السُّدُسَ الآخَرَ طُعمَةٌ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٥، ١١٦) عن يزيد به دون ذكر زيد. وعبد الرزاق (١٩١٢٨)، والدارمى (٢٩٩١) من طريق محمد بن سالم به دون ذكر زيد. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٣) من طريق الشعبى به مقتصرًا على ذكر زيد.\n(^٢) ليس في: ز.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٨٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩١٥)، والترمذى (٢٠٩٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٢٨٩٦) من طريق همام به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦١٩).","vol":"12","page":537},{"text":"١٢٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَوّارٍ أبو سَوّارٍ القاضِى، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- سألَ النّاسَ: مَن عَلِمَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الجَدِّ شَيئًا؟ قال مَعقِلٌ: أعطاه السُّدُسَ. قال: مَعَ مَن؟ ويلَكَ! قال: لا أدرِى. قال: لا دَرَيتَ (^١).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ يونُسَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: حَجَجتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ فأنشَدَ النّاسَ: مَن كان سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَذكُرُ في الجَدِّ شَيئًا؟ فقامَ مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ المُزَنِىُّ فقالَ: أنا سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُتِى بفَريضَةٍ فيها جَدٌّ فأعطاه ثُلُثًا أو سُدُسًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: ما الفَريضَةُ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. قال: فرَكَلَه عُمَرُ وقالَ: لا دَرَيتَ، ما مَنَعَكَ أن تدرِى؟ (^٢).\nوفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عن يونُسَ في هذا الحديثِ قال: فجَمَعَ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فجَعَلَ لِلجَدِّ نَصيبًا.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى عن أحمدَ بنِ خالِدٍ الوَهبِىِّ عن يونُسَ، ورَواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن الزَّعفَرانِىِّ عن شَبابَةَ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٥) من طريق عبد الله بن سوار به. وأحمد (٢٠٣١٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٢٣) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٣٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٢٢) من طريق شبابة به.","vol":"12","page":538},{"text":"١٢٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدٍ، قال: وميراثُ الجَدِّ أبى الأبِ أنَّه لا يَرِثُ مَعَ أبٍ دِنْيَا (^٢) شَيئًا، وهو مَعَ الوَلَدِ الذِّكرِ ومَعَ ابنِ الابنِ يُفرَضُ له السُّدُسُ، وفيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ -ما لَم يَترُكِ المُتَوَفَّى أخًا أوأُختًا مِن أبيه- يُخَلَّفُ الجَدُّ ويُبدأُ بأحَدٍ إن شَرِكَه مِن أهلِ الفَرائضِ فيُعطَى فريضَتَه، فإِن فضلَ مِنَ المالِ السُّدُسُ فأكثَرُ مِنه كان لِلجَدِّ، وإِن لَم يَفضُلِ السُّدُسُ فأكثَرُ مِنه فلِلجَدِّ السُّدُسُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2738>بابُ التَّشديدِ في الكَلامِ في مَسألَةِ الجَدِّ مَعَ الإخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ أو لِلأبِ مِن غيِر اجتِهادٍ، وكَثرَةِ الاختِلافِ فيها</span>\n\n١٢٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س: \"إبراهيم\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت. وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٤٥٥).\n(^٢) دنيا: أى قربا. ينظر شرح الزرقانى ٣/ ١٣٩، ١٤٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٨)، والمعرفة (٣٨٧٠). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"12","page":539},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ المَلَكِ بنِ أبى غَنيَّةَ، عن أبى حَيّانَ وهو يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ التَّيمِىُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: أمّا بَعدُ، يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّه نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ وهِى مِنَ الخَمسَةِ؛ مِنَ العِنَبِ والتَّمرِ والعَسَلِ والحِنطَةِ والشَّعيَرِ، والخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ، وثَلاثٌ أيُّها الناسُ ودِدتُ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يُفارِقْنا حَتَّى يَعهَدَ إلَينا فيهِنَّ عَهدًا نَنتَهِى إلَيه؛ الكَلالَةُ والجَدُّ وأبوابٌ مِن أبوابِ الرِّبا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: إنِّى لأحفَظُ عن عُمَرَ في الجَدِّ مِائَةَ قَضيَّةٍ، كُلُّها يَنقُضُ بَعضُها بَعضًا (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٥٩) من طريق إسحاق به. وأبو داود (٣٦٦٩)، والنسائي (٥٥٩٤، ٥٥٩٥) من طريق أبى حيان به، وليس عند النسائي ذكر آخر الحديث: \"وثلاث أيها الناس ... \".\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٣٣٧)، ومسلم (٣٠٣٢/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) عزاه ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٥/ ٢١٩ ليزيد بن هارون في كتاب \"الفرائض\"، وقال ابن حجر عقب الاثر: هذا إسناد صحيح غريب جدًّا. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٤٤) عن هشام به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٩٠) من طريق ابن سيرين به.","vol":"12","page":540},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عَونٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن محمدٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: حَفِظتُ عن عُمَرَ مِائَةَ قَضيَّةٍ في الجَدِّ. قال: وقالَ: إنِّى قَد قَضَيتُ في الجَدِّ قَضايا مُختَلِفَةً كُلُّها لا آلو فيه عن الحَقِّ، ولَئن عِشتُ إن شاءَ اللهُ إلَى الصَّيفِ لأقضيَنَّ فيها بقَضيَّةٍ تَقضى به (^١) المَرأةُ وهِى على ذَيلِها (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخَذَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- كَتِفًا وجَمَعَ أصحابَ محمدٍ -ﷺ- ليَكتُبَ الجَدَّ وهُم يَرَونَ أنَّه يَجعَلُه أبًا، فخَرَجَت عَلَيه حَيَّةٌ فتَفَرَّقوا، فقالَ: لَو أن اللَّهَ أرادَ أن يُمضيَه لأمضاه (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ القافُلائىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ الأودِىِّ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- حينَ طُعِنَ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ، وفيها: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ ائتِنِى بالكَتِفِ التى كَتَبتُ فيها شأنَ الجَدِّ بالأمسِ. وقالَ: لَوأرادَ اللَّهُ أن يُتِمَّ هذا الأمرَ لأتَمَّه. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: نَحنُ نَكفيكَ هذا الأمرَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: لا. فأخَذَها فمَحاها بيَدِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن البخترى في مجموع مصنفاته (٦٦٩) من طريق ابن عون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٤٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٩٠) من طريق ابن سيرين بطرفه الأول.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٧٢١ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٣٤٠ عن معاوية بن عمرو به.","vol":"12","page":541},{"text":"١٢٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن سُفيانَ الثورِىِّ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن مُرادٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: مَن سَرَّه أن يَقْتَحِمَ (^١) جَراثيمَ جَهَنَّمَ (^٢)؛ فليَقضِ بَينَ الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2739>بابُ مَن لَم يوَرِّثِ الإخوَةَ مَعَ الجَدِّ</span>\n\n١٢٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو سلَمةَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَعَلَه الَّذِى قال له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو كُنتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَليلًا لاتَّخَذتُه خَليلًا\". يَعنِى أبا بكرٍ -﵁- جَعَلَ الجَدَّ أبًا (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى سَلَمَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٢٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَبّانَ العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ العِراقِ:\n_________\n(^١) في ز، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"يتقحم\".\n(^٢) جراثيم جهنم: أى أصولها، والجراثيم جمع جرثومة، وهى الأصل. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٩٢)، والدارمى (٢٩٤٤) من طريق الثورى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٤٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٨٥) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٦٥٧).","vol":"12","page":542},{"text":"إنَّ الَّذِى قال له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو كُنتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَليلًا لاتَّخَذتُ أبا بكرٍ خَليلًا\". جَعَلَ الجَدِّ أبًا (^١).\n\n١٢٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَرب، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أن أهلَ الكوفَةِ كَتَبوا إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ يَسألونَه عن الجَدِّ؟ فقالَ: أمّا الَّذِى قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو أتَّخِذُ أحَدًا خَليلًا لاتَّخَذتُه\". فإِنَّه أنزَلَه أبًا. يَعنِى أبا بكرٍ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- جَعَلَ الجَدَّ أبًا (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتَّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ حَدَّثَه، أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١١٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٣٦٥٨) عن سليمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٣) عن خالد بن عبد الله به. والدارمى (٢٩٤٩، ٢٩٥١) من طريق أبى بردة به.","vol":"12","page":543},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- حينَ طُعِنَ قال: إنِّى قَد رأيتُ في الجَدِّ رأيًا، فإِن رأيتُم أن تَتَّبِعوه فاتَّبِعوه. فقالَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁-: إن نَتَّبِعْ رأيَكَ فإِنَّه رُشدٌ، وإِن نَتَّبِعْ رأى الشيخِ قَبلَكَ فنِعمَ ذو الرّأي كانَ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى المُتَوَكِّلِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- كان يُنزِلُ الجَدِّ بمَنزِلَةِ الأبِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: الجَدُّ أبٌ. وقالَ: لَو عَلِمَتِ الجِنُّ أن في النّاسِ جُدودًا ما قالوا: ﴿تَعَالَى جَدُّ رَبِّنَا﴾ [الجن: ٣]. وقَرأ سفيانُ: ﴿يَابَنِي آدَمَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٦]، ﴿وَاتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ آبَائِي﴾ (^٣) [يوسف: ٣٨].\n\n١٢٥٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٠ من طريق ابن أبى أويس به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٥١)، والدارمى (٢٩٥٩) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٠) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٥٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (٤٩) عن سفيان به.","vol":"12","page":544},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ له: كَيفَ تَقولُ في الجَدِّ؟ قال: إنَّه لا جَدَّ، أىُّ أبٍ لَكَ أكبَرُ؟ فسَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ فلَم يُجِبْه، وكأنَّه عَيِى عن جَوابِه، فقُلتُ أنا: آدَمُ. قال: أفَلا تَسمَعُ إلَى قَولِ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَابَنِي آدَمَ﴾ (^١) [الأعراف: ٢٦]؟.\n\n١٢٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن أبى عمرٍو العَبدِىِّ، عن علىٍّ قال: الدّيَةُ لِمَن أحرَزَ الميراثَ، والجَدُّ أبٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ، أن عَليًّا كان يَجعَلُ الجَدَّ أبًا، فأنكَرَ قَولَ عَطاءٍ ذَلِكَ عن علىٍّ بَعضُ أهلِ العِراقِ (^٣).\nالصحيحُ عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يُشَرِّكُ بَينَ الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ (^٤)، ولَعَلَّه جَعَلَه أبًا في حُكمٍ آخَرَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٣٢)، والدارمى (٢٩٦٦) من طريق عبد الله بن خالد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في تاريخه ٩/ ٥٤ من طريق حفص به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٥٧).\n(^٤) سيأتى قريبًا في (١٢٥٦٠، ١٢٥٦٦، ١٢٥٦٧، ١٢٥٦٩، ١٢٥٧٢، ١٢٥٧٢).","vol":"12","page":545},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2740>بابُ مَن ورَثَ الإخوَةَ لِلأبِ والأمِّ أوِ الأبِ مَعَ الجَدِّ</span>\n\n١٢٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن أوَّلَ جَدًّ ورِثَ في الإسلامِ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، ماتَ ابنُ فُلانِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فأرادَ عُمَرُ أن يأخُذَ المالَ دونَ إخوَتِه، فقالَ له علىٌّ وزيدٌ: لَيسَ لَكَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَولا أن رأيَكُما اجتَمَعَ لَم أرَ أن يَكونَ ابنِى ولا أكونَ أباه (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ؛ الشَّعبِىُّ لَم يُدرِكْ أيّامَ عُمَرَ، غَيرَ أنَّه مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n١٢٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - استأذَنَ عَلَيه يَومًا فأذِنَ له ورأسُه في يَدِ جاريَةٍ له تُرَجَّلُه، فنَزَعَ رأسَه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: دَعْها تُرَجَّلُكَ. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَوأرسَلتَ إلَىَّ جِئتُكَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: إنَّما الحاجَةُ لِى، إنَّى جِئتُكَ لِتَنظُرَ في أمرِ الجَدَّ. فقالَ زَيدٌ: لا واللَّهِ ما نَقولُ (^٢) فيهِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَيسَ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٤١)، والدارمى (٢٩٥٦، ٢٩٥٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"يقول\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"هو\".","vol":"12","page":546},{"text":"بوَحىٍ حَتَّى نَزيدَ فيه ونَنقُصَ فيه (^١)؛ إنَّما هو شَيءٌ نَراه، فإِن رأيتُه وافَقَنِى تَبِعتُه وإِلا لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيكَ فيه شَيءٌ. فأبَى زَيدٌ، فخَرَجَ مُغضَبًا قال: قَد جِئتُكَ وأنا أظُنّكَ سَتَفرُغُ مِن حاجَتِى. ثُمَّ أتاه مَرَّةً أُخرَى في السّاعَةِ التى أتاه المَرةَ الأولَى، فلَم يَزَلْ به حَتَّى قال: فسأكتُبُ لَكَ فيه. فكَتَبَه في قِطعَةِ قَتَبٍ (^٢) وضَرَبَ له مَثَلًا، إنَّما مَثَلُه مَثَلُ شَجَرَةٍ نَبَتَت على ساقٍ واحِدٍ فخَرَجَ فيها غُصنٌ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ في الغُصنِ غُصنٌ آخَرُ، فالسّاقُ يَسقِى الغُصنَ، فإِن قَطَعتَ (^٣) الغُصنَ الأوَّلَ رَجَعَ الماءُ إلَى الغُصنِ يَعنِى الثّانِى، وإِن قَطَعتَ الثّانِى رَجَعَ الماءُ إلَى الأوَّلِ. فأتَى به، فخَطَبَ النّاسَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قرأ قِطعَةَ القَتَبِ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قَد قال في الجَدِّ قَولًا وقَد أمضَيتُه. قال: وكانَ أوَّلُ جَدٍّ كان، فأرادَ أن يأخُذَ المالَ كُلَّه، مالَ ابنِ ابنِه دونَ إخوَتِه، فقَسَمَه بعدَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n\n١٢٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الطاهرِ (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"منه\".\n(^٢) القتب: الخشب الذى يوضع على ظهر البعير ليركب عليه. فتح البارى ٩/ ١٤.\n(^٣) في م: \"قطع\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٣. وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٣٠٢) من طريق ابن وهب به مقتصرًا على ذكر أول الأثر دون باقيه.\n(^٥) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"طاهر\".","vol":"12","page":547},{"text":"الزَّنادِ قال: أخَذَ أبو الزَّنادِ هذه الرَّسالَةَ مِن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ ومِن كُبَراءِ آلِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ: بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ مُعاويَةَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ مِن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ. فذَكَرَ الرَّسالَةَ بطولِها، وفيها: ولَقَد كُنتُ كَلَّمتُ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في شأنِ الجَدَّ والِإخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ كَلامًا شَديدًا، وأنا يَومَئذٍ أحسِبُ أن الإِخوَةَ أقرَبُ حَقًّا في أخيهِم مِنَ الجَدَّ، ويَرَى هو يَومَئذٍ أن الجَدَّ هو أقرَبُ مِنَ الإِخوَةِ، فطالَ تَحاوُرُنا فيه حَتَّى ضَرَبتُ له بَعضَ بَنيه مَثَلًا بميراثِ بَعضهِم دونَ بَعضٍ، فأقبَلَ علىَّ كالمُغتاظِ فقالَ: واللَّهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو لَو أنَّى قَضَيتُه (^١) اليَومَ لِبَعضِهِم دونَ بَعضٍ لَقَضَيتُه لِلجَدَّ ولَرأيتُ أنَّه أولَى به، ولَكِن لَعَلَّهُم أن يَكونوا ذَوِى حَقٍّ، ولَعَلَّى لا أُخَيَّبُ سَهمَ أحَدٍ مِنهُم، وسَوفَ أقضِى بَينَهُم إن شاءَ اللَّهُ نَحوَ الَّذِى أرَى يَومَئذٍ. فحَسِبتُه - وأستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ - أن ذَلِكَ مِن آخِرِ كَلامٍ حاوَرتُ فيه أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ في شأنِ الجَدَّ والإِخوَةِ، ثُمَّ حَسِبتُ أنَّه كان يَقسِمُ بَعدَهُم، ثُمَّ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ بَينَ الجَدَّ والإِخوَةِ نَحوَ الَّذِى كَتَبتُ به إلَيكَ في هذه الصَّحيفَةِ، وحَسِبتُ (^٢) أنَّى قَد وعَيتُ ذَلِكَ فيما حَضَرتُ مِن قَضائِهِما (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٥٩ - وزادَ فيه غَيرُه عن ابنِ أبى الزَّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قفيت\".\n(^٢) في س: \"وخشيت\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٧١). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٤٨٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به مختصرًا بنحوه.","vol":"12","page":548},{"text":"زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ لَمّا استَشارَهُم في ميراثِ الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ قال زَيدٌ: وكانَ رأيِى يَومَئذٍ أن الإِخوَةَ هُم أولَى بميراثِ أخيهِم مِنَ الجَدِّ، وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَرَى يَومَئذٍ أن الجَدَّ أولَى بميراثِ ابنِ ابنِه مِن إخوَتِه. قال زَيدٌ: فضرَبتُ لِعُمَرَ في ذَلِكَ مَثَلًا فقُلتُ له: لَوأن شَجَرَةً تَشَعَّبَ مِن أصلِها غُصنٌ، ثُمَّ تَشَعَّبَ مِن ذَلِكَ الغُصنِ خُوطانِ (^١)، ذَلِكَ الغُصنُ يَجمَعُ ذَينِكَ الخُوطَينِ دونَ الأصلِ ويَغذوهُما، ألا تَرَى يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أن أحَدَ الخُوطَينِ أقرَبُ إلَى أخيه مِنه إلَى الأصلِ؟ قال زَيدٌ: اضرِبْ له أصلَ الشَّجَرَةِ مَثَلًا لِلجَدِّ، واضرِبِ الغُصنَ الَّذِى تَشَعَّبَ مِنَ الأصلِ مَثَلًا لِلأبِ، واضرِبِ الخُوطَينِ اللَّذَينِ تَشَعَّبا مِنَ الغُصن مَثَلًا للِإخوَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عيسَى المَدَنِىِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان مِن رأي أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - أن يَجعَلا الجَدَّ أولَى مِنَ الأخِ، وكانَ عُمَرُ يَكرَهُ الكَلامَ فيه، فلَمّا صارَ عُمَرُ جَدًّا قال: هذا أمرٌ قَد وقَعَ لا بُدَّ لِلنّاسِ مِن مَعرِفَتِه، فأرسَلَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فسألَه، فقالَ: كان مِن (^٣) رأي أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - أن نَجعَلَ الجَدَّ أولَى مِنَ الأخِ. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لا تَجعَلْ شَجَرَةً\n_________\n(^١) الخوط: الغصن الناعم. التاج ١٩/ ٢٧٦ (خ وط).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حزم في الإحكام ٧/ ٤٥٨ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى أويس عن ابن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) بعده في ز، ص ٦: \"رأيى و\".","vol":"12","page":549},{"text":"نَبَتَت فانشَعَبَ مِنها غُصنٌ، فانشَعَبَ في الغُصنِ غُصنٌ، [فما يَجعَلُ] (^١) الغُصنَ الأوَّلَ أولَى مِنَ الغُصنِ الثّانِى، وقَد خَرَجَ الغُصنُ مِنَ الغُصنِ؟ قال: فأرسَلَ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فسألَه، فقالَ له كما قال زَيدٌ إلا أنَّه جَعَلَه (^٢) سَيلًا سالَ فانشَعَبَ مِنه شُعبَة، ثُمَّ انشَعَبَ مِنه شُعبَتانِ، فقالَ: أرأيتَ لَو أن هذه الشُّعبَةَ الوُسطَى رَجَعَ، ألَيسَ إلَى الشُّعبَتَينِ جَميعًا؟ فقامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: هَل مِنكُم مِن أحَدٍ سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ الجَدَّ في فريضَةٍ؟ فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذُكِرَت له فريضَةٌ فيها ذِكرُ الجَدَّ، فأعطاه الثُّلُثَ. فقالَ: مَن كان مَعَه مِنَ الوَرَثَةِ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. قال: لا دَرَيتَ. ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: هَل أحَدٌ مِنكُم سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ الجَدَّ في فريضَةٍ؟ فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - ذُكِرَت له فريضَةٌ فيها ذِكرُ الجَدَّ، فأعطاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - السُّدُسَ، قال: مَن كان مَعَه مِنَ الوَرَثَةِ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. قال: لا دَرَيتَ. قال الشَّعبِىُّ: وكانَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يَجعَلُه أخًا حَتَّى يَبلُغَ ثَلاثَةً هو ثالِثُهُم، فإِذا زادوا على ذَلِكَ أعطاه الثُّلُثَ، وكانَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يَجعَلُه أخًا حَتَّى يَبلُغَ سِتَّةً هو سادِسُهُم، فإِذا زادوا على ذَلِكَ أعطاه السُّدُسَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٦١ - ورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَ عن سُفيانَ بمَعناه، إلا أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"فلا تجعل\".\n(^٢) في م: \"جعل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٥٨) عن الثور به. وتقدم قولُ عليٍّ عقب (١٢٥٥٥).","vol":"12","page":550},{"text":"قال: فقالَ زَيدٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لا تَجعَلْ شَجَرَةً نَبَتَت فانشَعَبَ مِنها غُصنٌ، فانشَعَبَ في الغُصنِ غُصنانِ، فما جَعَلَ الأوَّلَ أولَى مِنَ الثّانِى وقَد خَرَجَ الغُصنانِ مِنَ الغُصنِ الأوَّلِ؟ فأرسَلَ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵁ - فسألَه فقالَ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ - كما قال لِزَيدٍ، فقالَ علىٌّ كما قال زَيدٌ، إلا أن عَليَّا جَعَلَه سَيلًا سالَ فانشَعَبَ مِنه شُعبَةٌ، ثُمَّ انشَعَبَت مِنه شُعبَتانِ، فقالَ: أرأيتَ لَو أن ماءَ هذه الشُّعبَةِ الوُسطَى يَبِسَ، أكانَ يَرجِعُ إلَى الشُّعبَتَينِ جَميعًا؟ أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ. فذَكَرَه.\nقال الشيخُ: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ يُشرِكُ بَينَ الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ لأبٍ وأُم أو لأبٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2741>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ المُقاسَمَةِ بَيَن الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وقَبيصَةُ بنُ ذُؤَيبٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٢٥٧٣).","vol":"12","page":551},{"text":"قَضَى أن الجَدَّ يُقاسِمُ الإِخوَةَ لِلأبِ والأُمَّ والإِخوَةَ لِلأبِ ما كانَتِ المُقاسَمَةُ خَيرًا له مِن ثُلُثِ المالِ، فإِن كَثُرَ (^١) الإِخوَةُ أُعطِى الجَدُّ الثُّلُثَ وكانَ لِلإِخوَةِ ما بَقِى لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظَّ الأُنثَيَينِ، وقَضَى أن بَنِى الأبِ والأُمَّ أولَى بذَلِكَ مِن بَنِى الأبِ ذُكورُهُم وإِناثَهُم، غَيرَ أن بَنِى الأبِ يُقاسِمونَ الجَدَّ لِبَنِى الأبِ والأُمَّ فيُرَدّونَ عَلَيهِم، ولا يَكونُ لِبَنِى الأبِ مَعَ بَنِى الأبِ والأُمَّ شَيءٌ، إلا أن يَكونَ بَنو الأبِ يُرَدّونَ على بَناتِ الأبِ والأُمَّ، فإِن بَقِى شَيءٌ بعدَ فرائضِ بَناتِ الأبِ والأُمِّ فهو لِلِإخوَةِ لِلأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظَّ الأُنثَيَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزَّنادِ قال: أخَذَ أبو الزَّنادِ هذه الرِّسالَةَ مِن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِبنِ ثابِتٍ ومِن كُبَراءِ آلِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ: بسمِ اللَّه الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ مُعاويَةَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ مِن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ. فذَكَرَ الرِّسالَةَ بطولِها، وفيها: إنِّى رأيتُ مِن نَحوِ قَسْمِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينِ يَعنِى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بَينَ الجَدَّ والإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ إذا كان أخًا واحِدًا ذَكَرًا مَعَ الجَدِّ قُسِمَ ما ورِثا بَينَهُما شَطرَينِ، فإِن كان مَعَ الجَدَّ أُختٌ واحِدَةٌ قُسِمَ لَها الثُّلُثُ، فإِن كانَتا أُختَينِ مَعَ الجَدَّ قُسِمَ لَهُما الشَّطرُ، ولِلجَدَّ الشَّطرُ، فإِن كان مَعَ الجَدَّ أخوانِ فإِنَّه يُقسَمُ لِلجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ، فإِن كانوا أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فإِنِّى لَم أرَه حَسِبتُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"كثرت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٤ من طريق يونس به.","vol":"12","page":552},{"text":"يَنقُصُ الجَدَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ شَيئًا، ثُمَّ ما خَلَصَ لِلإِخوَةِ مِن ميراثِ أخيهِم بعدَ الجَدِّ فإِنَّ بَنِى الأبِ والأُمِّ هُم أولَى بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ بما فرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُم دونَ بَنِى العَلَّةِ، فلِذَلِكَ حَسِبتُ نَحوًا مِنَ الَّذِى كان عُمَرُ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ يَقسِمُ بَينَ الجَدَّ والإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ، ولَم يَكُنْ يوَرِّثُ الإِخوَةَ مِنَ الأُمِّ الَّذينَ لَيسوا مِنَ الأبِ مَعَ الجَدِّ شَيئًا. قال: ثُمَّ حَسِبتُ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - كان يَقسِمُ بَينَ الجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ نَحوَ الَّذِى كَتَبتُ به إلَيكَ في هذه الصَّحيفَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ كَتَبَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ يَسألُه عن الجَدِّ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: إنَّكَ كَتَبتَ إلَىَّ تَسألُنِى عن الجَدِّ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - وذَلِكَ ما لَم يَكُنْ يَقضِى فيه إلا الأُمَراءُ - يَعنِى الخُلَفاءَ - وقَد حَضرتُ الخَليفَتَينِ قَبلَكَ يُعطيانِه النِّصفَ مَعَ الأخِ الواحِدِ، والثُّلُثَ مَعَ الاثنَينِ، فإِن كَثُرَ الإِخوَةُ لَم يَنقُصاه مِنَ الثُّلُثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٦٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه قال: فرَضَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ - ﵃ - لِلجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٧١). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٤٨٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥١٠.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥١١.","vol":"12","page":553},{"text":"١٢٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ مِن كِتابِه، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِىَّ قال: كان علىٌّ - ﵁ - يُعطِى الجَدَّ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ الثُّلُثَ، وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يُعطيه السُّدُسَ، وكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ: إنّا نَخافُ أن نَكونَ قَد أجحَفنا بالجَدَّ فأعطِه الثُّلُثَ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - هاهُنا أعطاه السُّدُسَ، فقالَ عَبيدَةُ: فرأيُهُما في الجَماعَةِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن رأي أحَدِهِما في الفُرقَةِ.\n\n١٢٥٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُبنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نُضَيلَةَ (^١)، أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - كان يُعطِى الجَدَّ الثُّلُثَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ إلَى السُّدُسِ، وأن عبدَ اللَّهِ كان يُعطيه السُّدُسَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ إلَى الثُّلُثِ.\n\n١٢٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نُضَيلَةَ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ يُقاسِمانِ بالجَدَّ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ أن يَكونَ السُّدُسُ خَيرًا له مِن مُقاسَمَتِهِم، ثُمَّ إنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ: ما أُرانا إلا قَد أجحَفنا بالجَدَّ، فإِذا جاءَكَ كِتابِى هذا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نضلة\". وقيل فيه الاسمان. ينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٥/ ١٣٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٢٣٩، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٤٢٢.","vol":"12","page":554},{"text":"فقاسِمْ به مَعَ الإِخوَةِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ أن يَكونَ الثُّلُثُ خَيرًا له مِن مُقاسَمَتِهِم. فأخَذَ بذَلِكَ عبدُ اللهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ ابنُ عباسٍ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵄ - يَسألُه عن سِتَّةِ إخوَةٍ وجَدٍّ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: اجعَلْه كأحَدِهِم، وامحُ كِتابِى (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَحقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىَّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ ابنُ عباسٍ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵄ - مِنَ البَصرَةِ في سِتَّةِ إخوَةٍ وجَدٍّ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه علىٌّ - ﵁ - أن أعطِه سُبُعَ المالِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ سَلِمةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يَجعَلُ الجَذَ أخًا حَتَّى يَكونَ سادِسًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٤٣) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٤٧) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٩٦٠) من طريق الشيبانى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٤٥)، والدارمى (٢٩٦٢، ٢٩٦٤) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"12","page":555},{"text":"١٢٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يُشرِكُ الجَدَّ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ إلَى سِتَّةٍ هو سادِسُهُم، فإِذا كَثُروا أعطاه السُّدُسَ، ويُعطِى كُلَّ صاحِبِ فريضَةٍ فريضَتَه، ولا يوَرَّثُ أخًا لأُمًّ ولا أُختًا لأُمًّ مَعَ الجَدَّ، ولا يُقاسِمُ بأخٍ لأبٍ أخًا لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، ولا يَزيدُ الجَدَّ مَعَ الوَلَدِ على السُّدُسِ إلا ألَّا يَكونَ غَيرُه، وإِذا كانَت أُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ أعطَى الأُختَ النَّصفَ وجَعَلَ النَّصفَ بَينَ الجَدَّ والأخِ، وإِذا كانَت أُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ جَعَلَها مِن عَشرَةٍ لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النِّصفُ خَمسَةُ أسهُمٍ، ولِلجَدَّ سَهمانِ، ولِلأخِ لِلأبِ سَهمانِ، ولِلأُختِ لِلأبِ سَهمٌ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ يُشرِكُ الجَدَّ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ إلَى الثُّلُثِ، فإِن كان الثُّلُثُ خَيرًا له مِنَ المُقاسَمَةِ أعطاه الثُّلُثَ، ويُعطِى كُلَّ صاحِبِ فريضَةٍ فريضَتَه، ولا يُوَرَّثُ أخًا لأُمٍّ ولا أُختًا لأُمًّ مَعَ الجَدَّ، ولا يُقاسِمُ بأخٍ لأبٍ أخًا لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٦٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٦٠)، والدارمى (٢٩٦٥) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"12","page":556},{"text":"يُوَرِّثُ ابنَ أخٍ (^١) مَعَ الجَدِّ، وإِذا كانَت أُخت لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ أعطَى الأُختَ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفَ، وأعطَى الجَدَّ النَّصفَ، ولا يُعطِى الأخَ شَيئًا، وإِذا كان له إخوَةٌ أخَواتٌ وجَدٌّ ومَن له مَعَهُم فريضةٌ أعطَى كُلَّ صاحِبِ فريضَةٍ فريضَتَه، فإِن كان ثُلُثُ ما يَبقَى خَيرًا له مِنَ المُقاسَمَةِ أعطاه ثُلُثَ ما بَقِى، وإِن كانَتِ المُقاسَمَةُ خَيرًا له قاسَمَ، وإِن كان سُدُسُ جَميعِ المالِ خَيرًا له مِنَ المُقاسَمَةِ أعطاه السُّدُسَ، وإِن كانَتِ المُقاسَمَةُ خَيرًا له مِن سُدُسِ جَميعِ المالِ قاسَمَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، وعن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، في ابنَةٍ وأُختٍ وجَدٍّ، في قَولِ علىٍّ - ﵁ -: لِلابنَةِ النِّصفُ ولِلجَدَّ السُّدُسُ ولِلأُختِ ما بَقِى، وكَذا قال في ابنَةٍ وأُختَينِ وجَدٍّ، وفِى ابنَةٍ وأخَواتٍ وجَدٍّ.\n\n١٢٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ في ابنَةٍ وأُختٍ وجَدٍّ قال: مِن أربَعَةٍ؛ لِلابنَةِ النَّصفُ سَهمانِ، ولِلجَدِّ سَهم، ولِلأُختِ سَهمٌ، وإِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الأخ\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٦٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٦٠) من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"12","page":557},{"text":"كانَت (^١) أُختَينِ فمِن ثَمانيَةٍ؛ للِابنَةِ النَّصفُ أربَعَةٌ، وللجَدَّ سَهمانِ، ولِلأُختَينِ سَهمٌ سَهمٌ، فإِن كانَت ثَلاثَ أخَواتٍ فمِن عَشرَةٍ؛ لِلابنَةِ النَّصفُ خَمسَةٌ، ولِلجَدَّ سَهمانِ وهو خُمسا ما بَقِى، ولِلأخَواتِ سَهمٌ سَهمٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ كان يُشرِكُ الجَدَّ إلَى الثُّلُثِ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ، فإِذا بَلَغَ الثُّلُثَ أعطاه الثُّلُثَ وكانَ لِلإِخوَةِ والأخَواتِ ما بَقِى، ولا يوَرَّثُ أخًا لأُمٍّ ولا أُختًا لأُمٍّ مَعَ الجَدَّ شَيئًا ولا يُقاسِمُ بهِم، وكانَ يُقاسِمُ لِلِإخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ لِلأبِ والأُمَّ ولا يوَرِّثُهُم شَيئًا، وإِذا كان أخًا لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وجَدًّا (^٣) أعطاه النِّصفَ وأعطَى الجَدَّ النِّصفَ، وإِذا كانا أخَوَينِ وجَدًّا (^٤) أعطاه الثُّلُثَ، وإِن زادوا أعطاه الثُّلُثَ وما بَقِى كان لِلِإخوَةِ، وإِذا كانَت أُختٌ وجَدٌّ أعطاها الثُّلُثَ وأعطَى الجَدَّ الثُّلُثَينِ، وإِذا كانَت أُختانِ وجَدٌّ أعطاهُما النِّصفَ وأعطَى الجَدَّ النَّصفَ ما بَينَه وبَينَ أن يَبلُغنَ خَمسًا، فإِذا بَلَغنَ خَمسًا أعطاه الثُّلُثَ وما بَقِى فلِلأخَواتِ، فإِن لَحِقَت فرائضُ امرأةٍ أو زَوجٍ أو أُمٍّ أعطَى أهلَ الفَرائضِ فرائضَهُم وما بَقِى قاسَمَ الإِخوَةَ والأخَواتِ، فإِن كان ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى خَيرًا له مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"كانتا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٩٣ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) في النسخ: \"جد\". بغير ألف.\n(^٤) في م: \"وجد\".","vol":"12","page":558},{"text":"المُقاسَمَةِ أعطاه ثُلُثَ ما بَقِى، وإِن كانَتِ المُقاسَمَةُ خَيرًا له مِن ثُلُثِ ما بَقِى قاسَمَ، وإِن كان سُدُسُ جَميعِ المالِ خَيرًا له مِنَ المُقاسَمَةِ أعطاه السُّدُسَ، وإِن كانَتِ المُقاسَمَةُ خَيرًا له مِن سُدُسِ جَميعِ المالِ قاسَمَ، وفِى الأكدَريَّةِ إذا كان زَوجٌ وأُمٌّ وأُختٌ وجَدٌّ جَعَلَها مِن تِسعَةٍ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَها في ثَلاثَةٍ فكانَ مِن سَبعَةٍ وعِشريىنَ، فأعطَى الزَّوجَ تِسعَةَ أسهُمٍ وأعطَى الأُمَّ سِتَّةَ أسهُمٍ، وأعطَى الجَدَّ ثَمانيَةَ أسهُمٍ وأعطَى الأختَ أربَعَةَ أسهُمٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الخَلَّالِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، أن مَعانِى هذه الفَرائضِ وأُصولَها عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وأمّا التَّفسيرُ فتَفسيرُ أبى الزِّنادِ على مَعانِى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، قال: وميراثُ الجَدِّ أبى الأبِ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ أنَّهُم يُخَلَّفونَ ويُبدأُ بأحَدٍ إن شَرِكَهُم مِن أهلِ الفَرائضِ فيُعطَى فريضَتَه، فما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ والإِخوَةِ مِن شَئٍ فإِنَّه يُنظَرُ في ذَلِكَ ويُحسَبُ أنَّه أفضَلُ لِحَظِّ الجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ مِمّا يَحصُلُ له ولِلإِخوَةِ، أم يَكونَ أخًا ويُقاسِمُ الإِخوَةَ فيما حَصَلَ (^٢) لَهُم ولَه، لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، أوِ السُّدُسُ مِن رأسِ المالِ كُلِّه فارِغًا، فأىُّ ذَلِكَ ما كان أفضَلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٦٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٨٧) من طريق الثورى به. والدارمى (٢٩٧١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"فضل\".","vol":"12","page":559},{"text":"لِحَظَّ الجَدَّ أُعطيَه، وكانَ ما بَقِى بعدَ ذَلِكَ بَينَ الإِخوَةِ لِلأُمَّ والأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، إلا في فريضَةٍ واحِدَةٍ تَكونُ قِسمَتُهُم فيها على غَيرِ ذَلِكَ، وهِى امرأةٌ توُفّيَت وتَرَكَت زَوجَها وأُمَّها وجَدَّها وأُختَها لأبيها، فيُفرَضُ لِلزَّوجِ النَّصفُ ولِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ ولِلجَدَّ السُّدُسُ ولِلأُختِ النِّصفُ، ثُمَّ يُجمَعُ سُدُسُ الجَدَّ ونِصفُ الأُختِ فيُقسَمُ أثَلاثًا؛ لِلجَدَّ مِنه الثُّلُثانِ ولِلأُختِ الثُّلُثُ، وميراثُ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ مَعَ الجَدَّ إذا لَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم إخوَةٌ لأُمٍّ وأبٍ، كَميراثِ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمَّ والأبِ سَواءٌ، ذَكَرُهُم كَذَكَرِهِم وأُنثاهُم كأُنثاهُم، فإِذا اجتَمَعَ الإِخوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ والإِخوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ فإِنَّ بَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ يُعادُّونَ الجَدَّ (^١) ببَنِى أبيهِم فيَمنَعوه (^٢) بهِم كَثرَةَ الميراثِ، فما حَصلَ لِلِإخوَةِ بعدَ حَظَّ الجَدَّ مِن شَئٍ فإِنَّه يَكونُ لِبَنِى الأُمِّ والأبِ خاصَّةً دونَ بَنِى الأبِ، ولا يَكونُ لِبَنِى الأبِ مِنه شَيءٌ إلا أن يَكونَ بَنو الأُمِّ والأبِ إنَّما هِى امرأةٌ واحِدَةٌ فإِن كانَتِ امرأةٌ واحِدَةٌ فإِنَّها تُعادُّ الجَدَّ ببَنِى أبيها ما كانوا، فما حَصَلَ لَها ولَهُم مِن شَئٍ كان لَها دونَهُم ما بَينَها وبَينَ أن تَستَكمِلَ نِصفَ المالِ كُلَّه، فإِن كان فيما يُحازُ لَها ولَهُم فضلٌ عن نِصفِ المالِ كُلَّه فإِن ذَلِكَ الفَضلَ يَكونُ بَينَ بَنِى الأب لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظَّ الأُنثَيَينِ، فإِن لَم يَفضُلْ شَيءٌ فلا شَئَ لَهُم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"إذا\". ويعادُّون الجد ببنى أبيهم: يحاسبونه بهم. والمُعادَّة بضم الميم وتشديد الدال المفتوحة: الذين يُعادُّ بعضهم بعضا في الميراث. تهذيب اللغة ١/ ١٣، وحاشية العدوى على شرح كفاية الطالب الربانى ٢/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٢) في م: \"فيمنعونه\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٢٥٩)، والمعرفة (٣٨٧٠). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":560},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2742>بابُ الاختِلافِ في مَسألَةِ الأكدَريَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ: أُمٌّ وأُختٌ وزَوجٌ وجَدٌّ؛ في قَولِ علىٍّ - ﵁ -: لِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، ولِلأُختِ النَّصفُ، ولِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلجَدِّ السُّدُسُ مِن تِسعَةٍ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختِ النِّصفُ، ولِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُمَّ الثُّلُثُ، ولِلجَدِّ السُّدُسُ مِن تِسعَةِ أسهُمٍ، ويُقاسِمُ الجَدُّ الأُختَ بسُدُسِه ونِصفِها فيَكونُ له ثُلُثاه ولَها ثُلُثُه؛ تُضرَبُ التِّسعَةُ في ثَلاثَةٍ فتَكونُ سَبعَةٌ وعِشرونَ؛ لِلأُمِّ سِتَّةٌ ولِلزَّوجِ تِسعَةٌ، ويَبقَى اثنا عَشَرَ؛ لِلجَدِّ ثَمانيَةٌ، ولِلأُختِ أربَعَةٌ، وهِى الأكدَريَّةُ أُمُّ الفُروخِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2743>بابُ بَيانِ الاختِلافِ في مَسألَةِ المُعادَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن أصحابِ إبر اهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ: أُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّه: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦، م: \"الفروج\". وسبب تسميتها بأم الفروخ كثرة الاختلاف فيها كما في المغرب ٢/ ٢١٩، والمصباح المنير ص ١٧٧ (ف ر خ)، أو لكثرة ما فرخت وعالت به من السهام كما في المجموع ١٦/ ٩٣.\nوالأثر أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦٥، ٦٦) من طريق المغيرة عن إبراهيم به.","vol":"12","page":561},{"text":"النَّصفُ، ولِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ السُّدُسُ تكمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَينِ وما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: لِلأُختَينِ النَّصفُ، ولِلجَدَّ النَّصفُ، وتَرُدُّ الأُختُ مِنَ الأبِ نَصيبَها على الأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ.\nأُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأُختانِ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ عليٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّه: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النَّصفُ، ولِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ السُّدُسُ تَكمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَينِ، وما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ، وإِن كُنَّ أخَواتٍ مِنَ الأبِ أكثَرَ مِنَ اثنَتَينِ لَم يُزَدنَ على هذا. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: لِلجَدِّ خُمُسانِ، ولِلأخَواتِ سَهمٌ سَهمٌ مِن خَمسَةٍ، ثُمَّ تَرُدُّ الأُختانِ مِنَ الأبِ على الأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ حَتَّى تَستَكمِلَ النَّصفَ، ولَهُما ما (^١) فَضَلَ، فإِن كُنَّ ثلاثَ أخَواتٍ أو أربَعَ أخَواتٍ لأبٍ مَعَ أُختٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وجَدٍّ لَم يُنقَصِ الجَدُّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ شَيئًا، وكانَ لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النَّصفُ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الأخَواتِ لِلأبِ.\nأُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ لأب وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النَّصفُ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الأخِ والجَدَّ نِصفانِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ -: لِلجَدِّ النَّصفُ، ولِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النَّصفُ، ويَبقَى (^٢) الأخُ مِنَ الأبِ ولا يَجعَلُ له شَيئًا. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: مِن عَشَرَةِ أسهُمٍ؛ أربَعَةُ أسهُمٍ لِلجَدِّ، وأربَعَةٌ لِلأخ، وسَهمانِ لِلأُختِ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ الأخُ على الأُختِ ثَلاثَةَ أسهُمٍ فتَستَكمِلُ النَّصفَ، ويَبقَى له سَهمٌ.\n_________\n(^١) سقط من النسخ، والمثبت من حاشية الأصل فقد كتب في الحاشية: \"صوابه: ما فضل\".\n(^٢) في م: \"ويلغى\".","vol":"12","page":562},{"text":"أُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ لأبٍ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ النِّصفُ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الجَدَّ والأخِ والأُختِ أخماسًا في القِسمَةِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ النِّصفُ، وما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ لَيسَ لِلأُختِ والأخِ مِنَ الأبِ شَيءٌ. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: مِن ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا؛ لِلجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ سِتَّةُ أسهُمٍ، ولِلأخِ سِتَةٌ، ولِلأُختَينِ (^١) لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما ثَلاثَةٌ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ الأخُ والأُختُ مِنَ الأبِ على الأُختِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ حَتَّى تَستَكمِلَ النَّصفَ تِسعَةَ أسهُمٍ، ويَبقَى بَينَهُما ثَلاثَةُ أسهُمٍ.\nأُختانِ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ علىٍّ - ﵁ -: لِلأُختَينِ الثُّلُثانِ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الأخِ والجَدَّ نِصفانِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ الثُّلُثانِ وما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ، ويُطرَحُ الأخُ. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: مِن ثَلاثَةِ أسهُمٍ؛ لِلجَدِّ سَهمٌ، ولِلأُختَينِ سَهمٌ، ولِلأخِ سَهمٌ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ الأخُ سَهمَه على الأُختَينِ فاستَكمَلَتا الثُّلُثَينِ، ولَم يَبقَ له شَيءٌ.\nأُختانِ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّه - ﵄ - جَميعًا: لِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ الثُّلُثانِ، ولِلجَدِّ ما بَقِى، وسَقَطَتِ الأُختُ مِنَ الأبِ. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: مِن عَشَرَةِ أسهُمٍ؛ لِلجَدِّ أربَعَةُ أسهُمٍ، ولِلأخَواتِ سَهمانِ سَهمانِ، ثُمَّ تَرُدُّ الأُختُ مِنَ الأبِ عَلَيهِما سَهمَينِ، ولَم يَبقَ لَها شَيءٌ قاسَمَتا بها ولَم تَرِثْ شَيئًا.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ستة\".","vol":"12","page":563},{"text":"أُختانِ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأخٌ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وجَدٌّ: في قَولِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -: لِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ الثُّلُثانِ، ولِلجَدَّ السُّدُسُ، وما بَقِى بَينَ الأخِ والأُختِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثلُ حَظَّ الأُنثَيَينِ. وفِى قَولِ عبدِ اللَّهِ: لِلأُختَينِ الثُّلُثانِ، وما بَقِى لِلجَدِّ، وسَقَطَ الأخُ والأختُ مِنَ الأبِ. وفِى قَولِ زَيدٍ: مِن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ لِلجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ وهو سَهمٌ، وسَهمانِ لِلأُختَينِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ؛ قاسَمَتا ولَم يَرِثا شَيئًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2744>بابُ الاختِلافِ في مَسألَةِ الخَرقاءِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الشَّعبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ موسَى، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه أُتِى به الحَجّاجُ موثَقًا، فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى بابِ القَصرِ قال: لَقِيَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى مُسلِمٍ فقالَ: إنّا للهِ يا شَعبِىُّ لِما بَينَ دَفَّتَيكَ مِنَ العِلمِ، ولَيسَ بيَومِ شَفاعَةٍ، بُؤْ (^٢) لِلأميرِ بالشَّركِ والنِّفاقِ على نَفسِكَ؛ فبِالحَرِىَّ أن تَنجوَ. ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِى محمدُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فقالَ لِى مِثلَ مَقالَةِ يَزيدَ، فلَمّا دَخَلتُ على الحَجّاجِ قال: وأنتَ يا شَعبِىُّ مِمَّن خَرَجَ عَلَينا وكَثَّرَ؟ فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم قول علىّ في المسألة الثالثة والرابعة في (١٢٥٧٢)، وقول ابن مسعود في المسألة الثالثة في (١٢٥٧٣).\n(^٢) بؤ: أى اعترف. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٥٨.","vol":"12","page":564},{"text":"أصلَحَ اللَّهُ الأميرَ، أحزَنَ (^١) بنا المَنزِلُ، وأجدَبَ الجَنابُ (^٢)، وضاقَ المَسلَكُ، واكتَحَلنا السَّهَرَ، واستَحلَسنا الخَوفَ (^٣)، ووَقَعنا في خَزيَةٍ (^٤) لَم نَكُنْ فيها بَرَرَةً أتقياءَ ولا فجَرَةً أقوياءَ. قال: صَدَقتَ واللَّهِ ما بَرّوا بخُروجِهِم عَلَينا، ولا قَوُوا عَلَينا حَيثُ فجَروا، أطلِقا عنه. ثُمَّ احتاجَ إلَىَّ في فريضَةٍ فأتَيتُه، فقالَ: ما تَقولُ في أُمٍّ وأُختٍ وجَدٍّ؟ فقُلتُ: قَدِ اختَلَفَ فيها خَمسَةٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ وزَيدٌ وعُثمانُ وعَلِىٌّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ. قال: ما قال فيها ابنُ عباسٍ إن كان لَمِقنَبًا (^٥)؟ وفِى رِوايَةِ الرَّقِّىِّ: إن كان لَمُنَقَبًا. قُلتُ: جَعَلَ الجَدَّ أبًا ولَم يُعطِ الأُختَ شَيئًا، وأعطَى الأُمَّ الثُّلُثَ. قال: فما قال فيها زَيدٌ؟ قُلتُ: جَعَلَها مِن تِسعَةٍ؛ أعطَى الأُمَّ ثَلاثَةً وأعطَى الجَدَّ أربَعَةً وأعطَى الأُختَ سَهمَينِ. قال: فما قال فيها أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ؟ يَعنِى عثمانَ، قُلتُ: جَعَلَها أثْلاثًا. قال: فما قال فيها ابنُ مَسعودٍ؟ قُلتُ: جَعَلَها مِن سِتَّةٍ؛ أعطَى الأُختَ ثَلاثَةً والجَدَّ سَهمَينِ والأُمَّ سَهمًا. قال: فما قال فيها أبو تُرابٍ؟ يَعنِى عَليًّا قُلتُ: جَعَلَها مِن سِتَّةِ أُسهُمٍ، فأعطَى الأُختَ ثَلاثَةً وأعطَى\n_________\n(^١) أحزن: من الحزونة، وهو غلظ المكان وخشونته. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٦٤٦.\n(^٢) الجناب: ما حول القوم. المصدر السابق.\n(^٣) استحلسنا الخوف: الحلس كساء يكون تحت برذعة البعير، أى: صار الخوف لنا حلسًا، والسهر لنا كحلًا. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٦٤٧.\n(^٤) خزية: أى خصلة خزينا منها، أى استحيينا. المصدر السابق.\n(^٥) المقنب: كف الأسد، ويقال: مخلب الأسد في مقنبه، وهو الغطاء الذى يستره، وهو أيضا وعاء يكون للصائد يجعل فيه ما يصيده. ينظر التاج ٤/ ٨١، ٨٢ (ق ن ب).","vol":"12","page":565},{"text":"الأُمَّ سَهمَينِ وأعطَى الجَدَّ سَهمًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِبنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُبنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ موسَى العُكْلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى قال: أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ الهُذَلِىُّ قال: قال لِى الشَّعبِىُّ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ ينُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن اْصحابِ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ: أُمٌّ وأُختٌ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وجَدٌّ. فذَكَرَ أقوالَهُم بنَحوٍ مِمّا ذَكَرَه الشَّعبِىُّ وحدَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ - في أُمٍّ وأُختٍ وجَدٍّ: لِلأُختِ النَّصفُ، ولِلأُمِّ ثُلُثُ ما بَقِى، ولِلجَدَّ ما بَقِى.\n\n١٢٥٨٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان\n_________\n(^١) بعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٩٨. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣٢٥، وابن حزم في المحلى ١٠/ ٣٧٦ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وسعيد بن منصور (٧١) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ٤٠٠ من طريق محمد بن عباد به. و٢٥/ ٤٠٢ من طريق عباد بن موسى به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٧٦٩).","vol":"12","page":566},{"text":"عُمَرُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ - ﵄ - لا يُفَضِّلانِ أُمًّا على جَدٍّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2745>بابُ العَولِ في الفَرائضِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الأسوَدِ العِجلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه أوَّلُ مَن أعالَ الفَرائضَ، وكانَ أكثَرُ ما أعالَها به الثُّلُثَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - في امرأةٍ وأبَوَينِ وابنَتَينِ (^٣): صارَ ثُمُنُها تُسُعًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٥٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُحرِزُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٥). وفِى حِكايَةِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ عن علىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٦٨) عن الثورى به. وسعيد بن منصور (٦٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٨١). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٣) عن ابن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"وبنتين\".\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق به بدون ذكر الحارث.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٨.","vol":"12","page":567},{"text":"وعَبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵄ - مَسائلُ أعالا فيها الفَرائضَ (^١).\n\n١٢٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: دَخلتُ أنا وزُفَرُ بنُ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ على ابنِ عباسٍ بعدَما ذَهَبَ بَصَرُه، فتَذاكَرنا فرائضَ الميراثِ فقالَ: تَرَونَ الَّذِى أحصَى رَملَ عالِجٍ (^٢) عَدَدًا لَم يُحصِ في مالٍ نِصفًا ونِصفًا وثُلُثًا؟ إذا ذَهَبَ نِصفٌ ونِصفٌ فأينَ مَوضِعُ الثُّلُثِ؟ فقالَ له زُفَرُ: يا أبا عباسٍ مَن أوَّلُ مَن أعالَ الفَرائضَ؟ قال: عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. قال: ولِمَ؟ قال: لَمّا تَدافَعَت عَلَيه ورَكِبَ بَعضُها بَعضًا قال: واللَّهِ ما أدرِى كَيفَ أصنَعُ بكُم، واللَّهِ ما أدرِى أيَّكُم قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ ولا أيَّكُم أخَّرَ. قال: وما أجِدُ في هذا المالِ شَيئًا أحسَنَ مِن أن أقسِمَه عَلَيكُم بالحِصَصِ. ثُمَّ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: وايمُ اللَّهِ لَو قَدَّمَ مَن قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ وأخَّرَ مَن أخَّرَ اللَّهُ ما عالَت فريضَةٌ. فقالَ له زُفَرُ: وأيَّهُم قَدَّمَ وأيَّهُم أخَّرَ؟ فقالَ: كُلُّ فريضَةٍ لا تَزولُ إلا إلَى فريضَةٍ فتِلكَ التى قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ، وتِلكَ فريضَةُ الزَّوجِ له النِّصفُ، فإِن زالَ فإِلَى الرُّبُعِ لا يَنقُصُ مِنه، والمَرأةُ لَها الرُّبُعُ، فإِن زالَت عنه صارَت إلَى الثُّمُنِ لا تَنقُصُ مِنه، والأخَواتُ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثانِ، والواحِدَةُ لَها النَّصفُ، فإِن دَخَلَ عَلَيهِنَّ البَناتُ كان لَهُنَّ ما بَقِى، فهَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٥٧٣، ١٢٥٧٨).\n(^٢) رمل عالج: موضع بالبادية. العين ١/ ٢٢٩.","vol":"12","page":568},{"text":"أخَّرَ اللَّهُ، فلَوأعطَى مَن قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ فريضَتَه (^١) كامِلَةً، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ ما يَبقَى بَينَ مَن أخَّرَ اللَّهُ بالحِصصِ ما عالَت فريضَة. فقالَ له زُفَرُ: فما مَنَعَكَ أن تُشيرَ بهَذا الرّأي على عُمَرَ؟ فقالَ: هِبتُه (^٢) واللهِ. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: فقالَ لِى الزُّهرِىُّ: وايمُ اللَّهِ لَولا أنَّه تَقَدَّمَه إمامُ هُدًى كان أمرُه على الوَرَعِ، ما اختَلَفَ على ابنِ عباسٍ اثنانِ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2746>بابُ ميراثِ المُرتَدِّ</span>\n\n١٢٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ المُسلِمَ لا يَرِثُ الكافِرَ، وِإنَّ الكافِرَ لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن سُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٢٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِبنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَ نا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو دأودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ قسطٍ (^٦) الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، م: \"فريضة\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"هيبته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٠، وابن حزم ١٠/ ٣٣٢ من طريق ابن إسحاق به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) جزء سعدان (٣). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٣٥٢، ١٢٣٥٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦١٤/ ١)، والبخارى (٦٧٦٤).\n(^٦) في س، م: \"قسيط\". وهو عمرو بن قسط، ويقال: قسيط. تقدم في (١٥١٥)، وسيأتى التعليق على =","vol":"12","page":569},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن عَدِىَّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ البَراءِ، عن أبيه قال: لَقِيتُ عَمَّى ومَعَه رايَةٌ فقُلتُ: أينَ تُريدُ؟ فقالَ: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةَ أبيه فأمَرَنِى أن أضرِبَ عُنُقَه وآخُذَ مالَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِىَّ (^١).\nوقَد حَمَلَ هذا بَعضُ أصحابِنا على أنَّه نَكَحَها مُعتَقِدًا لِإباحَتِه فصارَ به مُرتَدًّا وجَبَ قَتلُه وأخذُ مالِهِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد رُوِى أن مُعاويَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ يَسألُهُما عن ميراثِ المُرتَدَّ، فقالا: لِبَيتِ المالِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَعنيانِ أنَّه فئٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَضَى في ميراثِ المُرتَدَّ أنَّه لأهلِه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^٣). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويه عن الحَكَمِ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٤).\n_________\n= ضبطه في (١٧٤٣٩).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٣٤)، وأبو داود (٤٤٥٧)، وفيهما: عمرو بن قسيط. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٣٣٢) من طريق عيد الله بن عمرو به، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٤٤). وسيأتى في (١٤٠٣٣).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٧٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩١٠)، والدارمى (٣١١٨) عن يزيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٠١) من طريق الحجاج به بلفظ: يراث المرتد لولده.\n(^٤) تقدم قبل (٣٣).","vol":"12","page":570},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا شَريكٌ عن مُغيرَةَ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ -. وهو أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٥٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىِّ، أن عَليَّا - ﵁ - أُتِى بالمُستَورِدِ العِجلِىِّ فقَتَلَه، وجَعَلَ ميراثَه لأهلِه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، فأعطاه النَّصارَى بجيفَتِه (^١) ثَلاثينَ ألفًا، فأبَى أن يَبيعَهُم إيّاه وأحرَقَه.\n\n١٢٥٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه أُتِى بمُستَورِدٍ العِجلِىِّ وقَدِ ارتَدَّ، فعَرَضَ عَلَيه الإِسلامَ فأبَى. قال: فقَتَلَه وجَعَلَ ميراثَه بَينَ ورَثَتِه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد يَزعُمُ بَعضُ أهلِ الحديثِ مِنكُم أنَّه غَلَطٌ (^٣). قال الشّافِعِىُّ [في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ] (^٤): فقُلتُ له، يَعنِى لِلَّذِى يُناظِرُه: هَل سَمِعتَ مِن أهلِ الحديثِ مِنكُم مَن يَزعُمُ أن الحُفّاظَ لَم يَحفَظوا عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بحيقه\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٠٩، ٣٣٣٠٧). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣١١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٦ من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٨٥، وهذا من الشافعى رد على من احتج عليه بأثر عليٍّ على أن ورثة المرتد من المسلمين يرثونه ولا يرثهم كما يتضح من الموضع المذكور.\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.","vol":"12","page":571},{"text":"علىٍّ - ﵁ -: فقَسَمَ مالَه بَينَ ورَثَتِه المُسلِمينَ، ونَخافُ أن يَكونَ الَّذِى زادَ هذاغَلِطَ؟ (^١).\nقالَ الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: وقَرأتُ في رِوايَةِ أبى بكرٍ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ هانِئٍ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ ﵀ أنَّه ضَعَّفَ الحديثَ الَّذِى رُوِى عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أن ميراثَ المُرتَدَّ لِوَرَثَتِه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوَّيتُ قِصَّةَ المُستَورِدِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليٍّ، ولَيسَ فيها هذه اللَّفظَةُ، وإِنَّما فيها أنَّه لَم يَعرِضْ لِمالِهِ:\n\n١٢٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن ابنِ عَبيدِ بنِ الأبرَصِ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - جالِسًا حينَ أُتِى برَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عِجلٍ يُقالُ له: المُستَورِدُ، كان مُسلِمًا فتَنَصَّرَ، فقالَ له علىٌّ: ما ذاكَ؟ قال: وجَدتُ دينَهُم خَيرًا مِن دينِكُم. قال: وما دينُكَ؟ قال: دينُ عيسَى ﵇. قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: وأنا على دينِ عيسَى ﵇، ولَكِن ما تَقولُ في عيسَى ﵇؟ فقالَ كَلِمَةً خَفِيَت علىَّ لَم (^٢) أفهَمْها، فزَعَمَ القَومُ أنَّه قال: إنَّه رَبَّه. فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: اقتُلوه. فتَوَطّأه القَومُ حَتَّى ماتَ. قال: فجاءَ أهلُ الحِيرَةِ فأَعطَوا يَعنِى بجيفَتِه اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا، فأبَى\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٦٩.\n(^٢) في ز: \"أن\".","vol":"12","page":572},{"text":"عَلَيهِم علىٌّ وأمَرَ بها فأُحرِقَتط بالنّارِ ولَم يَعرِضْ لِمالِهِ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا الشَّعبِىُّ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - دونَ ذِكرِ المالِ (^٢).\nثُمَّ قَد جَعَلَه الشّافِعِىُّ لِخَصمِه ثابِتًا واعتَذَرَ في تَركِه قَولَه بظاهِرِ قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمُ الكافِرَ، ولا الكافِرُ المُسلِمَ\". كما تَرَكوا به قَولَ مُعاذٍ ومُعاويَةَ وغَيرِهِما في تَوريثِ المُسلِمِ مِنَ اليَهودِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٥٩٥ - وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدّيلِىِّ قال: أُتِى مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ في رَجُلٍ قَد ماتَ على غَيرِ الإِسلامِ وتَرَكَ ابنَه مُسلِمًا، فوَرَّثَه مِنه مُعاذٌ، وقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الإِسلامُ يَريدُ ولا يَنقُصُ\" (^٤). كَذَا رَواه شُعبَةُ.\nورَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ كما:\n\n١٢٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٢٣٥٥). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٦ من طريق شريك به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٧١١) من طريق سماك به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٨٢).\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٤/ ٨٥ - ٨٧.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٢٨١).","vol":"12","page":573},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ الواسِطىَّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ أن أخَوَينِ اختَصَما إلَى يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ يَهودِىٌّ ومُسلِمٌ، فوَرَّثَ المُسلِمَ مِنهُما، وقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسوَدِ أن رَجُلًا حَدَّثَه أن مُعاذًا قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"الإِسلامُ يَزيدُ ولا يَنقُصُ\". فوَرَّثَ المُسلِمَ (^١).\nوإِن صَحَّ الخَبَرُ فتأويلُه غَيرُ ما ذَهَبَ إلَيه، إنَّما أرادَ أن الإِسلامَ في زيادَةٍ ولا يَنقُصُ بالرَّدَّةِ، وهَذا رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ فهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٢٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُبنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جُمَيعٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا ارتَدَّ المُرتَدُّ ورِثَه ولَدُه (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ القاسِمُ لَم يُدرِكْ جَدَّه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2747>بابُ المُشَرَّكَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٢٨٢).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٠٨، ٣٣٣٠٩).","vol":"12","page":574},{"text":"عن سِماكِ بنِ الفَضلِ خَولانِىٌّ (^١)، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَيَّهٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مَسعودٍ الثَّقَفِىَّ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أشرَك بَينَ (^٢) الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ مَعَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ في الثُّلُثِ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: قَضَيتَ في هذا عامَ أوَّل (^٣) بغَيرِ هذا. قال: كَيفَ قَضَيتُ؟ قال: جَعَلتَه لِلإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ، ولَم تَجعَلْ لِلِإخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ شَيئًا. قال: تِلكَ على ما قَضَينا، وهَذا على ما قَضَينا (^٤).\n\n١٢٥٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ (^٥) المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن وهبٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مَسعودٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنَحوِهِ (^٦).\nورَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وعَبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ وقالا في إسنادِه: مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ (^٧). قال يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ: هذا خَطأٌ، إنَّما هو الحَكَمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الخولانى\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) عام أول: بصرف \"أول\" على أنه على وزن فوعل، وعدم صرفه على أنه على وزن أفعل، ويجوز بناؤه على الضم. ينظر عمدة القارى ١٣/ ٩٤.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٣. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٢٠)، والبخارى في تاريخه ٢/ ٣٣٢ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، ز. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٠٤.\n(^٦) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤.\n(^٧) سيأتى في الخبر الذى بعده.","vol":"12","page":575},{"text":"مَسعودٍ (^١). قال: ومَسعودُ بنُ الحَكَمِ زُرَقِىٌّ، والَّذِى رَوَى عنه وهبُ بنُ مُنَبِّهٍ [إنَّما هو الحَكَمُ] (^٢) بنُ مَسعودٍ ثَقَفِىٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَعمَرٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن مَسعودِ بنِ الحَكَمِ يَعنِى الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: قَضَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في امرأةٍ تَرَكَت زَوجَها وابنَتَها وإِخوَتَها لأُمَّها وإِخوَتَها لأبيها وأُمَّها، فشَرَّكَ بَينَ الإِخوَةِ لِلأُمِّ وبَينَ الإِخوَةِ لِلأُمِّ والأبِ؛ جَعَلَ الثُّلُثَ بَينَهُم سَواءً، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّكَ لَم تُشَرَّكْ بَينَهُم عامَ كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: تِلكَ على ما قَضَينا يَومَئذٍ، وهَذِه على ما قَضَينا اليَومَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nقالَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ: هذا خَطأٌ، إنَّما هو الحَكَمُ بنُ مَسعودٍ (^٥). وبمَعناه قال البُخارِىُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) سقط من الأصل.\n(^٣) ينظر المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٤ مختصرًا، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٠٥)، وفيه: الحكم بن مسعود الثقفى.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٣٢.","vol":"12","page":576},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ،. أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، أن مَسعودَ بنَ الحَكَمِ زُرَقِىٌّ، والَّذِى رَوَى عنه وهبُ بنُ مُنَبِّهٍ إنَّما هو الحَكَمُ بنُ مَسعودٍ ثَقَفِىٌّ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ أشرَكَ بَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ وبَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ في الثُّلُثِ.\n\n١٢٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - شَرَّكَ بَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ والإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ في الثُّلُثِ، وأنَّ عَليًّا ﵁ لَم يُشَرِّكْ بَينَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ ابنُ يَعلَى الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أبى الزَّنادِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الثقفى\".\nوالأثر عند يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٢٣ دون قوله: \"أن مسعود بن الحكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠١١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٦٢٣)، والدارمى (٢٩٢٦) مت طريق سليمان به. وعند بعضهم باختصار.","vol":"12","page":577},{"text":"عن عمرِو بنِ وُهَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ في المُشَرَّكَةِ قال: هَبوا أباهُم كان حِمارًا، ما زادَهُمُ الأبُ إلا قُربًا. وأشرَكَ بَينَهُم في الثُّلُثِ.\n\n١٢٦٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصوبى والأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ وزَيدٍ - ﵃ - أنَّهُم قالوا: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ ولِلأُمَّ السُّدُسُ. وأشرَكوا بَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ والإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمَّ في الثُّلُثِ، وقالوا: ما زادَهُمُ الأبُ إلا قربًا (^١).\n\n١٢٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ - ﵄ - في أُمٍّ وزَوجٍ وِإخوَةٍ لأُمَّ وإِخوَةٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ: لِلزَّوجِ النَّصفُ ولِلأُمَّ السُّدُسُ. وأشرَكا بَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمَّ وبَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمَّ في الثُّلُثِ، ذَكَرُهُم وأُنثاهُم فيه سَواءٌ، وقالا: ما زادَهُمُ الأبُ إلا قُربًا.\n\n١٢٦٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الشَّعبِىّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ أشَرَكا بَينَهُم (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٨٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٠٩)، والدارمى (٢٩٢٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٣) عن هشيم به.","vol":"12","page":578},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ بخِلافِ هَذا:\n\n١٢٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ قال: أتَينا عبدَ اللَّهِ في زَوجٍ وأُمٍّ وأخوَينِ لأُمِّ وأخٍ لأبٍ وأُمٍّ، فقالَ: قَد تَكامَلَتِ السِّهامُ. ولَم يُعطِ الأخَ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ شَيئًا.\n\n١٢٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن الهُزَيلِ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ في امرأةٍ تَرَكَت زَوجَها وأُمَّها وإِخوَتَها لأبيها وأُمِّها وإِخوَتَها لأُمِّها، قال: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، ولِلإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ تَكمِلَةَ السِّهامِ. ولَم يَجعَلْ لإِخوَتِها لأبيها وأُمَّها شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٢٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأرقَمِ بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه قال في المُشَرَّكَةِ: يا ابنَ أخِ، تَكامَلَتِ السِّهامُ دونَكَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٨) من طريق شعبة به، وعنده زيادة. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٣٢) من طريق أبى قيس به بنحوه مختصرًا.","vol":"12","page":579},{"text":"١٢٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىَّ قال: قال علىٌّ وزَيدٌ - ﵄ -: لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفُ، ولِلأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، ولِلإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ. ولَم يُشَرَّكا بَينَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ مَعَهُم، وقالا: هُم عَصَبَةٌ، إن فضَلَ شَيءٌ كان لَهُم، وإِن لَم يَفضلْ لَم يَكُنْ لَهُم شَيءٌ.\n\n١٢٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن زَيدًا - ﵁ - كان لا يُشَرَّكُ؛ كان يَجعَلُ الثُّلُثَ لِلإِخوَةِ لِلأُمِّ دونَ الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ. قال هُشَيمٌ: وقَد رَدَدتُ عَلَيه فقُلتُ: إنَّ زَيدًا كان يُشَرَّكُ. قالَ: فإِنَّ الشَّعبِىَّ حدثنا هَكَذا عن زَيدٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ مِثلَ قَولِ عليٍّ، فرَدَدتُ عَلَيه أيضًا، فقالَ: بَينِى وبَينَكَ ابنُ أبى لَيلَى (^١).\nالرَّوايَةُ الصَّحيحَةُ في هذا عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ ما مَضى، وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ يَنفَرِدُ بها محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢)، والشَّعبِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ أعلمُ بمَذهَبِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وِإن لَم يَرَياه (^٣) مِن رِوايَةِ أبى قَيسٍ الأودِىِّ وإِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦) عن هشيم به.\nوجاء بعده في م: \"قال الشيخ\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٦٦).\n(^٣) في س، ز: \"يروياه\"، وفى حاشية \"ز\" كالمثبت.","vol":"12","page":580},{"text":"كانَت مَوصولَةً، إلا أن لِرِوايَةِ أبى قَيسٍ شاهِدًا، فيَحتَمِلُ أنَّه كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عنه إلَى ما تَقَرَّرَ عِندَ الشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ مِن مَذهَبِه - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - كما رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٢٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه جَعَلَ لِلإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمَّ الثُّلُثَ، ولَم يُشَرِّكِ الإِخوَةَ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ مَعَهُم، وقالَ: هُم عَصَبَةٌ ولَم يَفضُلْ لَهُم شَيءٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦١٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلِمَةَ قال: سُئلَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - عن الإِخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ، فقالَ: أرأيتَ لَو كانوا مِائَةً أكُنتُم تَزيدونَهُم (^٣) على الثُّلُثِ شَيئًا؟ قالوا: لا. قال: فإِنِّى لا أنقُصهُم مِنه شَيئًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٦١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يعنى من قضائه أولا بعدم التشريك، ثم قضائه بعد ذلك بالتشريك. ينظر (١٢٥٩٨ - ١٢٦٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٣٠)، والدارمى (٢٩٢٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) في م: \"تزيدون\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٢٩) من طريق سفيان به، بلفظ: أنه كان لا يشرك.","vol":"12","page":581},{"text":"زَكَريّا، أخبرَنِى إسرائيلُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، أن عَليًّا وأبا موسَى - ﵄ - كانا لا يُشَرَّكانِ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا أبو مِجلَزٍ عن عليٍّ مُرسَلًا (^٢). وحَكيمُ بنُ جابِرٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مَوصولًا، فهو عن علىِّ - ﵁ - مَشهورٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2748>بابُ ميراثِ الحَملِ</span>\n\n١٢٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا استَهَلَّ المَولودُ وُرَّثَ\" (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن الفَضلِ بنِ يَعقوبَ الجَزَرِىِّ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بهَذا الإِسنادِ مِثلَه، وزادَ مَوصولًا بالحَديثِ: \"تِلكَ طَعنَةُ الشَّيطانِ، كلُّ بَنِى آدَمَ نائلٌ (^٤) مِنه تِلكَ الطَّعنَةَ، إلا ما كان مِن مَريَمَ وابنِها، فإِنَّها لَمّا وضَعَتها أُمُّها قالَت: ﴿وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ (٣٦)﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٦]. فضُرِبَ دونَها بحِجابٍ فطَعَنَ فيه\". يَعنِى في الحِجابِ.\nوفِى رِوايَةِ الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ بَنِى آدَمَ يَطعُنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٦٣٥) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٦٠٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٢٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٣٤).\n(^٤) في ص ٦، ز: \"نائلًا\".","vol":"12","page":582},{"text":"الشَّيطانُ في جَنبِه حينَ تَلِدُه أُمُّه، إلا عيسَى ابنَ مَريَمَ ذَهَبَ يَطعُنُ فطَعَنَ في الحِجابِ\". قال أبو هريرةَ: رأيتَ هذه الصَّرخَةَ التى يَصرُخُها الصَّبِىُّ حينَ تَلِدُه أُمُّه؟ فإِنَّها مِنها (^١).\n\n١٢٦١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى سَلَمَة، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ ألَّا يَرِثَ المَنفوسُ (^٢) ولا يورَثَ حَتَّى يَستَهِلَّ صارِخًا. كَذا وجَدتُه.\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَرِثُ الصَّبِىُّ إذا لَم يَستَهِلَّ، والاستِهلالُ الصِّياحُ أوِ العُطاسُ أوِ البُكاءُ، ولا تَكمُلُ ديَتُه\". وقالَ سعيدٌ: \"لا يُصَلَّى عَلَيه\" (^٣). ورُوِى مِن حَديثِ جابِرٍ مَوقوفًا ومَرفوعًا، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٧٣)، والبخارى (٣٢٨٦) بدون قول أبى هريرة.\n(^٢) المنفوس: هو المولود. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٢٦.\n(^٣) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٣/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٨٦٤) موقوفًا، وفى (٦٨٦٥ - ٦٨٦٧) مرفوعًا.","vol":"12","page":583},{"text":"قالَت: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصَّدّيقَ - ﵁ - قال في الأوساقِ التى نَحَلَها إيّاها: فلَو كُنتِ جَدَدتِيه أوِ احتَزتِيه كان لَكِ، وِإنَّما هو اليَومَ مالُ الوارِثِ، وإِنَّما هُم أخَواكِ وأُختاكِ، فاقتَسِموه على كِتابِ اللهِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ -: واللَّهِ يا أبَتِه لَو كان كَذا وكَذا لَتَرَكتُه، إنَّما هِى أسماءُ، فمَنِ الأُخرَى؟ قال: ذو بَطنِ بنتِ خارِجَةَ، أُراها جاريَةً (^١).\n\n١٢٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىَّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبى الزَّنادِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِب، عن جَدَّتِه أُمَّ سَعدٍ بنتِ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ امرأةِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّها أخبَرَتْه قالَت: رَجَعَ إلَىَّ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يَومًا فقالَ: إن كانَت لَكِ حاجَةٌ أن نُكَلِّمَ (^٢) في ميراثِكِ مِن أبيكِ؛ فإِنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَد ورَّثَ الحَملَ اليَومَ. وكانَت أُمُّ سَعدٍ حَملًا مَقتَلَ أبيها سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، فقالَت أُمُّ سَعدٍ: ما كُنتُ لأطلُبَ مِن إخوَتِى شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى ٢/ ٧٥٢. وتقدم في (١٢٠٧٠، ١٢١٣١).\n(^٢) في م: \"نكلمه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى ٨/ ٣٥٩ من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"12","page":584},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2749>بابُ ميراثِ ولَدِ المُلاعَنَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا رأى مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَفعَلُ بهِ؟ فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ فيهِما ما ذُكِرَ في القُرآنِ مِنَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد قُضِى فيكَ وفِى امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنا وأنا شاهِدٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إن أمسَكتُها فقَد كَذَبتُ عَلَيها. ففارَقَها، فجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعدُ فيهِما أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وكانَت حامِلًا فأنكَرَ حَملَها، فكانَ ابنُها يُدعَى إلَيها، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعدُ في الميراثِ أن يَرِثَها وتَرِثَ مِنه ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اقسِموا المالَ بَينَ أهلِ الفَرائضِ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿، فما بَقِى فلِأولَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٥١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٥٢) عن أبى الربيع به. وسيأتى في (١٥٣٩٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٤٦).","vol":"12","page":585},{"text":"رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ قَومٌ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵁ - فاختَصَموا في ولَدِ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، فجاءَ ولَدُ أبيه يَطلُبونَ ميراثَه. قال: فجَعَلَ ميراثَه لأُمَّه وجَعَلَها عَصَبَتَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، أخبرَنا الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: عَصَبَةُ ابنِ المُلاعَنَةِ أُمُّه تَرِثُ مالَه أجمَعَ، فإِن لَم تَكُنْ له أُمٌّ فعَصَبَتُها عَصَبَتُه، ووَلَدُ الزِّنى بمَنزِلَتِهِ. وقالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: لِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وما بَقِى ففِى بَيتِ المالِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٠٠٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٨٦٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٩٨)، والترمذى عقب (٢٠٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٠)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٩). وتقدم في (١٢٤٦٨، ١٢٥٠٣، ١٢٥٠٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦١٥/ ٤)، والبخارى (٦٧٣٢، ٦٧٣٧، ٦٧٤٦).\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"عصبة\". والأثر أخرجه الدارمى (٣٠١١) من طريق يحيى بن أبى بكير به. والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٧ من طريق ابن طهمان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٢٠) عن يزيد به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٨٣)، والدارمى (٣١٤٥) من طريق محمد بن سالم به مختصرًا، كلهم بدون قول زيد.","vol":"12","page":586},{"text":"١٢٦٢٣ - وبِإِسنادِه عن الشَّعبِىِّ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال في ابنِ المُلاعَنَةِ تَرَكَ أخاه وأُمَّه: لأُمِّه الثُّلُثُ، ولأخيه السُّدُسُ، وما بَقِى فهو رَدٌّ عَلَيهِما بحِسابِ ما ورِثا. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: لِلأخِ السُّدُسُ، وما بَقِى فلِلأُمَّ، وهِى عَصَبَتُه. وقالَ زَيدٌ: لأُمِّه الثُّلُثُ، ولأخيه السُّدُسُ، وما بَقِى ففِى بَيتِ المالِ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن عَليًّا وابنَ مَسعودٍ قالا في ابنِ المُلاعَنَةِ تَرَكَ أخاه وأُمَّه: لِلأخِ الثُّلُثُ، ولِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ. وقالَ زَيدٌ: لِلأخِ السُّدُسُ، ولِلأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ، وما بَقِى فلِبَيتِ المالِ.\n\n١٢٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يَجعَلُ ميراثَه كُلَّه لأُمِّه، فإِن لَم تَكُنْ له أُمٌّ كان لِعَصبَتِها. قال: وكانَ الحَسَنُ يقولُ ذَلِكَ. قال: وكانَ علىٌّ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ - ﵄ - يَقولانِ: لأُمِّه الثُّلُثُ وبَقيَّتُه في بَيتِ مالِ المُسلِمينَ.\n[ورَواه محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ عن سعيدٍ عن قتادَةَ عن خِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو عن] (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٩) عن يزيد به. والدارمى (٢٩٩٥) من طريق محمد بن سالم أبى سهل به، وليس فيه قول زيد.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٦.","vol":"12","page":587},{"text":"[علىٍّ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ بنَحوِه (^٢)، والرَّوايَةُ فيه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مُختَلِفَةٌ، وقَولُه مَعَ زَيدٍ أشبَهُ بما ذَكَرنا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ] (^١). الصحيحُ عن عليٍّ ما مَضَى.\n\n١٢٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّهُما سُئلا عن ولَدِ المُلاعَنَةِ ووَلَدِ الزَّنى مَن يَرِثُه؟ فقالا: تَرِثُه أُمُّه حَقَّها وإِخوَتُه مِن أُمَّه حُقوقَهُم، ويَرِثُ ما بَقِى مِن مالِه مَوالِى أُمَّه إن كانَت مَولاةً، وإِن كانَت عَرَبيَّةً ورِثَت حَقَّها، ووَرِثَ إخوَتُه مِن أُمَّه حُقوقَهُم، ووَرِثَ ما بَقِى مِن مالِه المُسلِمونَ. قال مالكٌ ﵀: وذَلِكَ الأمرُ عِندَنا والَّذِى أدرَكتُ عَلَيه أهلَ العِلمِ ببَلَدِنا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: وقالَ بَعضُ النّاسِ بقَولِنا فيهِما إلا في خَصلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ؛ إذا كانَت أُمُّه عَرَبيَّةً أو لا ولاءَ لَها رَدّوا ما بَقِى مِن ميراثِه على عَصَبَةِ أُمِّه، وقالوا: عَصَبَةُ أُمَّه عَصبَتُه. واحتَجّوا فيه برِوايَةٍ لَيسَت بثابِتَةٍ، وأُخرَى لَيسَت مِمّا تَقومُ بها حَجَّةٌ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٢٧ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىًّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٥٩٦ من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١١ ظ، ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٢٢، ٦٩.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٨٢.","vol":"12","page":588},{"text":"جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ رُؤبَةَ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ النَّصرِىِّ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ اللَّيثِىَّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحوزُ المَرأةُ ثلاثَ مَواريثَ: عَتيقَها ولَقيطَها ووَلَدَها الَّذِى لاعَنَت عَلَيه\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: عُمَرُ بنُ رُؤبَةَ التَّغلِبِىُّ (^٢) عن عبدِ الواحِدِ النَّصرِىَّ فيه نَظَرٌ. قال أبو أحمدَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباوِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ وموسَى بنُ عامِرٍ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ، حدثنا مَكحولٌ قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ميراثَ ابنِ المُلاعَنَةِ لأُمِّه ولِوَرَثَتِها مِن بَعدِها (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٢٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، أخبرَنِى عيسَى أبو محمدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحاوِثِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: حَديثُ مَكحولٍ مُنقَطِعٌ، وعيسَى هو ابنُ موسَى أبو محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٠٧. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٤٢) عن هشام بن عمار به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٥١٥).\n(^٢) في س: \"اليغلبى\"، وفى ز: \"الثعلبى\". وتقدم عقب (١٢٥١٥).\n(^٣) الكامل لابق عدى ٥/ ١٧٠٦ وتقدم قول البخارى عقب (١٢٥١٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩٠٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٢٣).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٠٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٢٤).","vol":"12","page":589},{"text":"القُرَشِىُّ فيه نَظَرٌ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى هِندٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى أخٍ لِى مِن بَنِى زُرَيقٍ: لِمَن قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بوَلَدِ المُلاعَنَةِ؟ فقالَ: قَضَى به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأُمِّهِ. قال: \"هِى بمَنزِلَةِ أبيه ومَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٣١ - ورَواه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن داودَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ولَدُ المُلاعَنَةِ عَصَبَتُه عَصَبَةُ أُمِّه\". أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، حدثنا اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد حَمَلَ الأُستاذُ أبو الوَليدِ ﵀ هذه الأخبارَ على ما لَو كانَت أُمُّه مَولاةً لِعَتاقَةٍ (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) هوأبو محمد عيسى بن موسى القرشى. ينظر الكلام عليه في الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٢٨٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤١، وقال في التقريب ٢/ ١٠٢: صدوق.\n(^٢) في ز: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٦١.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٤٧٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٥٧٠، ٣١٨٥٣)، والدارمى (٣٠٠٢) من طريق الثورى به. وينظر السلسلة الضعيفة ١٠/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٤) المراسيل (٣٦٢).\n(^٥) في م: \"العتاقة\".","vol":"12","page":590},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2750>بابٌ: لا يَرِثُ ولَدُ الزَّنى مِنَ الزّانِى ولا يَرِثُه الزّانِى</span>\n\n١٢٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ (^١)، عن سَلمِ بنِ أبى الذَّيّالِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا مُساعاةَ (^٢) في الإِسلامِ، مَن ساعَى في الجاهِليَّةِ فقَد لَحِقَ بعَصَبَتِه، ومَنِ ادَّعَى ولَدًا مِن غَيرِ رِشْدَةٍ (^٣) فلا يَوِثُ ولا يورَثُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى أن كُلَّ مُستَلحَقٍ استُلحِقَ بعدَ أبيه الَّذِى يُدعَى إلَيه، فادَّعاه ورَثَتُه مِن بَعدُ، فقَضَى إن كان مِن أمَةٍ يَملِكُها يَومَ أصابَها فقَد لَحِقَ بمَنِ استَلحَقَه، لَيسَ له فيما قُسِمَ قَبلَه مِنَ الميراثِ شَيءٌ، ومَن أدرَكَ (^٥) الميراثَ لَم\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن سليمان\". وهو معتمر بن سليمان بن طرخان التيمى، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٢) المساعاة: الزنى، وكان الأصمعى يجعلها في الإماء دون الحرائر؛ لأنهن كن يسعين لمواليهن فيكسبن لهم بضرائب كانت عليهن. النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٣) يقال: هذا ولد رشدة: إذا كان لنكاح صحيح، كما يقال في ضده: ولد زنية. بالكسر فيهما وحكى الأزهرى الفتح والكسر في الراء والزاى ثم قال: والفتح أفصح اللغتين. ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٣/ ١٠٦، والنهاية ٢/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٤١٦) عن معتمر به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩٨).\n(^٥) في الأصل، س، ز، ص ٦. \"أدركه\".","vol":"12","page":591},{"text":"يُقسَمْ فلَه (^١) نَصيبُه، ولا يُلحَقُ إذا كان أبوه الَّذِى يُدعَى له أنكَرَه، وإِن كان مِن أمَةٍ لا يَملِكُها أو مِن حُرَّةٍ عاهَرَ بها فإِنَّه لا يُلحَقُ ولا يَرِثُ، وإِن كان أبوه الَّذِى يُدعَى له هو ادَّعاه فهو ولَدُ زِنًى لأهلِ أُمَّه مَن كانوا حُرَّةً أو أمَةً (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، وزادَ: وذَلِكَ فيما استُلحِقَ في أوَّلِ الإِسلامِ، فما اقتُسِمَ مِن مالٍ قبلَ الإِسلامِ فقَد مَضَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2751>بابُ ميراثِ المَجوسِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: وقُلنا: إذا أسلَمَ المَجوسِىُّ وابنَةُ الرَّجُلِ امرأتُه أوأُختُه أُمُه نَظَرنا إلَى أعظَمِ النَّسَبَينِ فوَرَّثناها به وألقَينا الأُخرَى، وأعظَمُهُما أثبَتُهُما بكُلَّ حالٍ، فإِذا كانَت أُمٌّ أُختًا ورَّثناها بأنَّها أُمٌّ؛ وذَلِكَ أن الأُمَّ قَد ثَبَتَت في كُلَّ حالٍ والأُختَ قَد تَزولُ، وهَكَذا جَميعُ فرائضِهِم على هذه المَنازِلِ، وقالَ بَعضُ النّاسِ: أوَرَّثُها مِنَ الوَجهَينِ مَعًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"كله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٤٢) عن هاشم أبى النضر به. وأحمد (٦٦٩٩)، وأبو داود (٢٢٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٦) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٨٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٦٦). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٨٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٩٢)، والأم ٤/ ٨٢.","vol":"12","page":592},{"text":"١٢٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ في مَجوسِىٍّ تَحتَه ابنَتُه أو أُختُه امرأةً له فيَموتُ، قال: تَرِثُ بأدنَى القَرابَتَينِ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن المَجوسِ إذا أسلَموا ولَهُم نَسَبانِ، قال: يُورَثُ بأقرَبِهِما (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٣٧ - قال الشيخُ: ويُذكَرُ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: يَرِثُ بأدنَى الأمرَينِ، ولا يَرِثُ مِن وجهَينِ. وذَلِكَ فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى الوَليدِ الفقيهِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الغَنِىِّ، عن أيّوبَ الخُزاعِىِّ بسَنَدِه إلَى زَيدٍ.\n\n١٢٦٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: سألتُ حَمّادَ بنَ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن ميراثِ المَجوسِ، فقالَ: يَرِثونَ بأحَدِ الوَجهَينِ؛\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٤٨) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٤٧) عن ابن المبارك به بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (٩٩٠٨، ١٩٣٣٧)، والدارمى (٣١٢٩) من طريق معمر به، بلفظ: ورث بأكبرهما.\n(^٣) بعده في ز: \"محمد بن يعقوب\".","vol":"12","page":593},{"text":"الوَجهِ الَّذِى يَحِلُّ (^١).\nوروِى هذا القَولُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ ومَكحولٍ.\n\n١٢٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يوَرِّثُ المَجوسَ مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا إذا كانَت أُمُّه امرأتَه أو أُختُه أوِ ابنَتُه. الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروكٌ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ وابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ - أنَّهُما قالا في المَجوسِ: يوَرَّثُ مِن مَكانَينِ. قال سفيانُ: بَلَغَنِى عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه كان يوَرَّثُ المَجوسَ مِن مَكانَينِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: الرَّواياتُ عن الصَّحابَةِ في هذا البابِ لَيسَت بالقَويَّةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٥١) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والدارمى (٣١٣٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٥٠)، والدارمى (٣١٣١) من طريق سفيان به، دون قول إبراهيم. وعبد الرزاق عقب (٩٩٠٤، ٩٩٠٧) عن الثورى به مقتصرًا على قول إبراهيم. وفى الموضع الأول: قال الثورى: وهذا قول إبراهيم. وفى الموضع الثانى: الثورى عن رجل عن إبراهيم.","vol":"12","page":594},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2752>بابُ ميراثِ الخُنثَى</span>\n\n١٢٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، خبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى بشرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ كَثيرٍ سَمِعَ أباه قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - في خُنثَى قال: انظُروا مَسيلَ البَولِ فوَرِّثوه مِنه (^١).\n\n١٢٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَسرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَعقِلٍ وأشياخَهُم يَذكرونَ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - سُئلَ عن المَولودِ لا يُدرَى أَرَجُلٌ أم امرأةٌ، فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -. يوَرَّثُ مِن حَيثُ يَبولُ.\n\n١٢٦٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ الجَليلِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - يُسألُ (^٢) عن الخُنثَى، فسألَ القَومَ فلَم يَدروا، فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: إن بالَ مِن مَجرَى الذَّكَرِ فهو غُلامٌ، وإِن بالَ مِن مَجرَى الفَرجِ فهو جاريَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٨٩) من طريق الحسن بن كثير، وفيه أن معاوية أسل يسأل عليًّا.\n(^٢) في م: \"سئل\".","vol":"12","page":595},{"text":"١٢٦٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سُجِنَ جابِرُبنُ زَيدٍ زَمَنَ الحَجّاجِ، فأرسَلوا إلَيه يَسألونَه عن الخُنثَى كَيفَ يوَرَّثُ؟ فقالَ: تَسجُنونَّى وتَستَفتونِى؟! ثُمَّ قال: انظُروا مِن حَيثُ يَبولُ فوَرَّثْه مِنه (^١). قال قَتادَةُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعيدِبنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: فإِن بالَ مِنهُما جَميعًا؟ قُلتُ: لا أدرِى. فقالَ سعيدٌ: يوَرَّثُ مِن حَيثُ يَسبِقُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الهَدَادِىُّ، عن صالِحٍ الدَّهانِ أو سلمةَ بنِ كُلَيبٍ قال: سُئلَ جابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن الخُنثَى كَيفَ يوَرَّثُ؟ فقالَ: يَقومُ فيُدنَى (^٣) مِن حائطٍ ثُمَّ يَبولُ، فإِن أصابَ الحائطَ فهو غُلامٌ، وإِن سالَ بَينَ فخِذَيه فهو جاريَةٌ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِى فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ؟\n\n١٢٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ز.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٢٠٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٩١) من طريق قتادة به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) في ز: \"ويدنى\"، وفى م: \"فيدنو\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٨٩١) من وجه آخر عن جابر بن زيد بنحوه. وينظر مسائل أحمد برواية ابن هانئ (١٤٧٢).","vol":"12","page":596},{"text":"ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ القاسِمُ بنُ اللَّيثِ الرَّسْعَنِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القاضى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن مَولودٍ وُلِدَ له قُبُلٌ وذَكَر: مِن أينَ يوَرَّثُ؟ فقالَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"يوَرَّثُ مِن حَيثُ يَبولُ\" (^١). محمدُ بنُ السّائبِ الكَلبِىُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2753>بابُ نَسخِ التَّوارُثِ بالتَّحالُفِ وغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n١٢٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ هاجَرَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فآخَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَه وبَينَ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ وعَلِيُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٨٩٤)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٣١.\n(^٢) هو محمد بن السائب بن بشر الكلبى، أبو النضر، ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٠١، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٧٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٦٢، وقال في التقريب ٢/ ١٦٣: متهم بالكذب، ورمى بالرفض.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٧٦)، والترمذى (١٩٣٣)، والنسائي (٣٣٨٨) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى في (١٤٦١٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٠٤٩، ٢٢٩٣، ٣٧٨١، ٣٩٣٧، ٥٠٧٢).","vol":"12","page":597},{"text":"كَثيرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- آخَى بَينَ أبى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ وبَينَ أبى طَلحَةَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ (^٢) في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمّدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ بنِ إسحاقَ أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- آخَى بَينَ الزُّبَيرِ وبَينَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَلُّويَه القَطانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن عاصِمٍ -[عن أنَسٍ] (^٥) - قال: قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: بَلَغَكَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا حِلفَ في الإِسلامِ \"؟ فقالَ أنَسٌ: قَد حالَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ قُرَيشٍ والأنصارِ في دارِه. يَعنِى دارَ أنَسٍ بالمَدينَةِ (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٤٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) في ز: \" البخارى\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٩/ ٥٦، وابن عساكر في تاربخ دمشق ٣٣/ ٧٦ من طريق الصفار به. وأخرجه الضياء في الأحاديث المختارة (١٦٨٨) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٨٦)، وأبو داود (٢٩٢٦)، وابن حبان (٤٥٢٠) من طريق عاصم به. وعند أبى داود: في دارنا. وعند ابن حبان: في دورهم بالمدينة.","vol":"12","page":598},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ عن إسماعيلَ وقالَ: في دارِى. وأخرَجه مسلمٌ مُختَصَرًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا حِلفَ في الإِسلامِ، وأيُّما حِلفٍ كان في الجاهِليَّةِ فإِنَّ الإِسلامَ لَم يَزِدْه إلا شِدَّةً\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه الأزرَقُ، وخالَفَه جَماعَةٌ في إسنادِهِ:\n\n١٢٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ وأبوأُسامَةَ، عن زَكَريّا، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ وأبِى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٢٩٤، ٦٠٨٣)، ومسلم (٢٥٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٤١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٣٧٢) من طريق إسحاق بن يوسف به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٦١) من طريق ابن نمير وأبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٣٠).","vol":"12","page":599},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى إدريسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: (والذينَ عاقَدَت أيمانكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم) (^١). قال: كان المُهاجِرونَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ يوَرَّثُ (^٢) الأنصارَ دونَ ذَوِى رَحِمِه؛ لِلأُخوَّةِ التى آخَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُم، فلَمّا نَزَلَت: ﴿وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣]. قال: فنَسَخَتها قال: (والذينَ عاقَدَت أيمانُكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم) مِنَ النَّصرِ والنَّصيحَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو اسامَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، زادَ: مِنَ النَّصرِ والنَّصيحَةِ والرِّفادَةِ (^٤)، ويوصِى له، وقَد ذَهَبَ الميراثُ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٢٦٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: (والذينَ عاقَدَت\n_________\n(^١) تقدم التعليق على هذه القراءة في (١٢٢٧٦). وهى من الآية (٣٣) من سورة النساء.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٧. وأخرجه البخارى (٢٢٩٢، ٤٥٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٤١٧، ١١١٠٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وعند البخارى: \"يرث المهاجرى الأنصارى\".\n(^٤) الرفادة: الإعانة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٢٢).\n(^٦) البخارى (٦٧٤٧).","vol":"12","page":600},{"text":"أيمانُكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم): كان الرَّجُلُ يُحالِفُ الرَّجُلَ لَيسَ بَينَهُما نَسَبٌ، فيَرِثُ أحَدُهُما الآخَرَ، فنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ الأنفالُ، فقالَ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٥] (^١).\n\n١٢٦٥٦ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُوا﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٤] ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٢]. فكانَ الأعرابِيُّ لا يَرِثُ المُهاجِرِىَّ ولا يَرِثُه المُهاجِرُ، فنَسَخَتها: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُعاذٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: آخَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ أصحابِه، ووَرَّثَ بَعضَهُم مِن بَعضٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ﴾ فتَرَكوا ذَلِكَ وتَوارَثوا بالنَّسَبِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ، عن عائشةَ -﵄-، أن أبا حُذَيفَةَ ابنَ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ - وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ - تَبَنَّى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٢١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٢٤).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٧٩٨). وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١٧٤٨)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٨٨ من طريق الطيالسى به.","vol":"12","page":601},{"text":"سالِمًا وزَوَّجَه ابنَةَ أخيه هِندَ بنتَ الوَليدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وهو مَولًى لامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، كما تبَنَّى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- زَيدًا، وكانَ مَن تبَنَى رَجُلًا في الجاهِليَّةِ دَعاه الّناسُ ابنَه، ووَرِثَ مِن (^١) ميراثِه، حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ [في ذَلِكَ] (^٢): ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]. فرُدوا إلَى آبائهِم، فمَن لَم يُعلَمْ له أبٌ كان مَولًى وأخًا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣]. في الَّذينِ كانوا يَتَبَنَّونَ رِجالًا غَيرَ أبنائهِم ويوَرِّثوهُم (^٥)، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فيهِم أن يَجعَلَ لَهُم نَصيبًا في الوَصيَّةِ، ورَدَّ اللَّهُ الميراثَ في المَوالي وفِى الرَّحِمِ والعَصَبَةِ، وأبَى أن يَجعَلَ لِلمُدَّعَينَ ميراثًا مِمَّنِ ادَّعاهُم وتبَنّاهُم، ولَكِن جَعَلَ لَهُم نَصيبًا في الوَصيَّةِ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص، ز.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص، ز.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٢٢٣) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠٦١) من طريق الزهرى به، وعند أحمد وأبى داود بزيادة، وسيأتى في (١٣٨٩٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٠٨٨).\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ الخطية، وفى م: \"ويورثونهم\". والمثبت جارٍ على لغة صحيحة أشرنا إليها من قبل بحذف النون في الأفعال الخمسة مطلقًا. وينظر صحيح مسلم يشرح النووى ١٧/ ٢٠٧، وما تقدم (٦٥٦٥)","vol":"12","page":602},{"text":"فكانَ ما تَعاقَدوا عَلَيه في الميراثِ الَّذِى رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَينا فيه أمرَهُم (^١).\n\n١٢٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٧]. في أوَّلِ هذه السّورَةِ مِنَ المَواريثِ، قال: كانوا لا يُوَرِّثونَ (^٢) صَبيًّا حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ (^٣).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومنِّه الجزءُ الثانى عشرَ ويتلوه الجزءُ الثالثَ عشرَ وأوله: كتاب الوصايا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٨١، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٤/ ٣٠٢، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٣٣٢ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) كذا في: م، حاشية ز. وفى بقية النسخ: \"يرثون\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٣١ من طريق عطاء به بنحوه مطولًا.","vol":"12","page":603},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2754>كتابُ الوصايا</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2755>بابُ نَسخِ الوَصيَّةِ لِلوالِدَينِ والأقرَبيَن الوارِثيَن</span>\n\n١٢٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ﴾ [النساء: ١١] قال: كان الميراثُ لِلوَلَدِ وكانَتِ الوَصيَّةُ لِلوالِدَينِ والأقرَبينَ، فنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما أحَبَّ، فجَعَلَ لِلوَلَدِ الذَكَرِ مِثلَ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَينِ، وجَعَلَ لِلوالِدَينِ السّدُسَينِ (^١)، وجَعَلَ لِلزَّوجِ النِّصفَ أوِ الرّبُعَ، وجَعَلَ لِلمَرأةِ الرُّبُعَ أوِ الثُّمُنَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ورقاءَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ [أحمدُ بنُ] (^٤) محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"السدس\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٤٢٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٤٧).\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.","vol":"13","page":5},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ الوَصيَّةُ لِوارِثٍ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ الوَرَثَةُ\" (^١). عَطاءٌ هذا هو الخُراسانِيُّ؛ لَم يُدرِكِ ابنَ عباسٍ ولَم يَرَه. قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ وغَيرُه (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عنه عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٢٦٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ [بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^٣) بنِ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ المُهتَدِى باللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ وصيَّةٌ لِوارِثٍ (^٤) إلَّا أن يَشاءَ الوَرَثَةُ\" (^٥). عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ (^٦).\n\n١٢٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا وصيّةَّ لِوارِثٍ \" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٧. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٤٩)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٦٢ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) المراسيل لأبى داود عقب (٣٤٩). وينظر تحفة التحصيل ص ٢٢٩.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ز، ص ٦.\n(^٤) في س: \"لورثة\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٨. وأخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٢٤١٠) عن محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (٩٢١٩). وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٤٢٣: بل هذا حديث صالح الإسناد، وعطاء صدوق.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٤)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٠٨ بمعناه، وبنصه في الرسالة (٤٠٠ - ٤٠٣).","vol":"13","page":6},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ: ورَوَى بَعضُ الشّاميّينَ حَديثًا لَيسَ مِمّا يُثبِتُه أهلُ الحديثِ بأن بَعضَ رِجالِه مَجهولونَ؛ فرُوّيناه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُنقَطِعًا، واعتَمَدنا على حَديثِ أهلِ المَغازِى عامَّةً، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال عامَ الفَتحِ: \"لا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ \". وإِجماعِ العامَّةِ على القَولِ بهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن شُرَحبيلِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللّهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه قَد أعطَى كُلَّ ذِى حَقّ حَقَّه، فلا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِى الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ أبى عِصمَةَ، حدثنا أبو طالِبٍ أحمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَتبَلٍ يقولُ: إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ ما رَوَى عن الشّاميّينَ صَحيحٌ، وما رَوَى عن أهلِ الحِجازِ فلَيسَ بصَحيح (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه البخاريُّ (^٤) وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ، وهَذا الحديثُ إنَّما رَواه إسماعيلُ عن شامِىٍّ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مِن حَديثِ الشّاميّينَ.\n\n١٢٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٠٨ بنحوه.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٧٠، ٣٥٦٥). وتقدم في (١٢٣٣١، ١٢٥٣٤).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٦٩، ٣٧٠ بنحوه. وينظر قول البخارى في تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ٢٢٤.","vol":"13","page":7},{"text":"أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ القاضِى، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ خارِجَةَ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمِنًى وهو على راحِلَتِه فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَمَ لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ نَصيبَه مِنَ الميراثِ، فلا يَجوزُ لِوارِثٍ وصيَّهٌ\" (^١). وذكرَ الحديث.\nورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن عمرٍو:\n\n١٢٦٦٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّماكِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ خارِجَةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ إلَّا أن يُجيزَ الوَرَثَةُ\" (^٣).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٢٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) معجم الصحابة لابن قانع ٢/ ٢١٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٧٠) عن عبد الوهاب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٤٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١٢) من طريق سعيد به. والترمذى (٢١٢١) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٦٦) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٢ من طريق زياد بن عبد الله به.","vol":"13","page":8},{"text":"حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١) بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: إنِّى لَتَحتَ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسيلُ عليَّ لُعابُها، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أعطَى كلَّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقَّه، ولا وصيَّةَ لِوارِثٍ\" (^٢). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\nورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ شَيخٍ بالسّاحِلِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: إنِّى لَتَحتَ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِى هذا الحديثُ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّها غَيرُ قَويَّةٍ، والاعتِمادُ على الحديثِ الأوَّلِ وهو رِوايَةُ ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٤)، وعَلَى ما ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ مِن نَقلِ أهلِ المَغازِى، مَعَ إجماعِ العامَّةِ على القَولِ به (^٥)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عبد الرحمن يزيد\" وكتب فوقه: كذا. وفى حاشيتها: \"صوابه: عبد الرحمن بن يزيد\". وهو الصواب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٥.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٠. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧١٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٩٦٣): هذا إسناده صحيح رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٧٠ من طريق الوليد بن مزيد به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢٦٦١).\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٦٦٤).","vol":"13","page":9},{"text":"ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ: إنَّ الوَصيَّةَ كانَت قبلَ الميراثِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَ الميراثُ نُسِخَ مَن يَرِثُ وبَقِيَتِ الوَصيَّةُ لِمَن لا يَرِثُ، فهِى ثابِتَةٌ، فمَن أوصَى لِغَيرِ ذِى قَرابَةٍ لَم تَجُزْ وصيَّتُه (^١).\n\n١٢٦٧٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ في آيَةِ الوَصيَّةِ قال: كانَتِ الوَصيَّةُ لِلوالِدَينِ والأقرَبينَ فنَسَخَ مِن ذَلِكَ الوالِدَينِ (^٢)، وأثبَتَ لَهُما نَصيبَهُما في سورَةِ \"النِّساءِ\"، ونَسَخَ مِنَ الأقرَبينَ كُلَّ وارِثٍ، وبَقِيَتِ الوَصيَّةُ لِلأقرَبينَ الَّذينَ لا يَرِثونَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ وحُمَيدٌ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن أوصَى لِغَيرِ ذِى قَرابَتِه فللذين (^٤) أوصَى لَهُم ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ، ولِقَرابَتِه ثُلُثا الثُّلُثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٣٥٨). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٢٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"للوالدين\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٤٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣٣١، ٣٣٢ عن هشيم به.\n(^٤) في ز، ص ٥، ص ٦، م: \"فالذين\".\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٣٥٥). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٢٧ من طريق هشيم عن حميد وحده به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٠٣) من طريق حمد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٤٣٣) من طريق قتادة عن الحسن.","vol":"13","page":10},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2756>بابُ مَن قال بنَسخِ (^١) الوَصيَّةِ لِلأقرَبينَ الَّذينَ لا يَرِثونَ وجَوازِها لِلأجنَبيّيَن</span>\n\n١٢٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قامَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ هاهنا، يَعنِى بالبَصرَةِ، فقَرأ عَلَيهِم سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\" يُبَيِّنُ ما فيها، فأتَى على هذه الآيَةِ ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠]. فقالَ: نُسِخَت هذه. قال: ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما بَعدَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾: فكانَتِ الوَصيَّةُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَسَخَتها آيَةُ الميراثِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِّيناه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِه:\n\n١٢٦٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا سُنَيدُ بنُ داودَ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"فرض\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٣. وصححه. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣٢٩، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٥٢ - تفسير) من طريق يونس به. وسيأتى في (١٥٥٤٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٨٦٩). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٩٣): حسن صحيح.","vol":"13","page":11},{"text":"حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جَهضَمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بَدرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَسَخَتها آيَةُ الميراثِ. يَعنِى ﴿الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِى أنَّه قال: نَسَخَتها آيَةُ الميراثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وكَذَلِكَ قال أكثَرُ العامَّةِ، إلَّا أن طاوُسًا وقَليلًا مَعَه قالوا: تَثبُتُ لِلقَرابَةِ غَيرِ الوارِثينَ، فمَن أوصَى لِغَيرِ قَرابَةٍ لَم تَجُزْ. فوَجَدنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَكَمَ في سِتَّةِ مَملوكينَ كانوا لِرَجُلٍ لا مالَ له غَيرُهُم، فأعتَقَهُم عِندَ المَوتِ، فجَزّأهُمُ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَق أربَعَةً. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فكانَت دَلالَةُ السُّنَّةِ في حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ بيَّنَة أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنزَلَ عِتقَهُم في المَرَضِ وصيَّةً، والَّذِى أعتَقَهُم رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ، والعَرَبِيُّ إنَّما يَملِكُ مَن لا قَرابَةَ بَينَه وبَينَه مِنَ العَجَمِ، فأجازَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لَهُمُ الوَصيَّةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شبة (٣١٤٦٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٣١، ١٣٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره معلقًا عقب (١٦٠٤). وهو في مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٦٨)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٤/ ٤٠٤. وفيهما في تفسير قوله تعالى: ﴿وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤].\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٥)، والشافعى ٤/ ٩٥ مقتصرًا على المرفوع. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٥) من طريق أبى قلابة به. وسيأتى في (١٢٧١٨، ٢١٣٩٧، ٢١٤١٧، ٢١٤١٩). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٩٥٠).","vol":"13","page":12},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هذا الحديثُ ثابِتٌ مِن جِهَةِ أبى المُهَلَّبِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن عِمرانَ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أن رَجُلًا أعتَقَ عِندَ مَوتِه سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ، فجاءَ ورَثَتُه مِنَ الأعرابِ فأخبَروا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بما صَنَعَ أو فعَلَ، فقالَ: \"لَو عَلِمنا ذَلِكَ ما صَلَّينا عَلَيه\". فأقرَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُم، فأعتّقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٧٧ - ورَواه مَنصورُ بنُ زاذانَ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ له عِندَ مَوتِه ولَم يَترُكْ مالًا غَيرَهُم. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه. حَدَّثَناه أبو جَعفَرٍ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرٌ الِإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً قالوا: أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (٢١٤١٧ - ٢١٤٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٠٩) من طريق أبى عوانة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٧٦) من طريق الحسن به. وسيأتى في (٢١٤٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٦٦)، والنسائي (١٩٥٧) من طريق هشيم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (١٨٥٠).","vol":"13","page":13},{"text":"الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى أوفَى: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أوصَى؟ قال: لا. قال: قُلتُ: فقَد كُتِبَ على النّاسِ الوَصيَّةُ. أو قال: أُمِروا بالوَصيَّةِ. قال: أوصَى بكِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿. وفِى رِوايَةِ السُّلَمِى: فكَيفَ كُتِبَ؟ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عز، مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: ما تَرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دينارًا ولا دِرهَمًا ولا بَعيرًا ولا أوصَى بشَئٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ وأبِى مُعاويَةَ. زادَ: ولا شاةً (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٣٦)، والترمذى (٢١١٩)، والنسائي (٣٦٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٣) من طريق مالكٌ بن مغول به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٤٠)، ومسلم (١٦٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٤٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٥) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأبو داود (٢٨٦٣)، والنسائي (٢٦٢٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٣٥/ ١٨).","vol":"13","page":14},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: لَم يوصِ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ مَوتِه إلَّا بثَلاثٍ؛ أوصَى لِلرَّهاويّينَ (^١) بجادِّ (^٢) مِائَةِ وسْقٍ مِن خَيبَرَ، وأوصَى لِلدّاريّينَ بجادَ مِائَةِ وسْقٍ مِن خَيبَرَ، وأوصَى لِلشَّنَئيّينَ بجادِّ مِائَةِ وسْقٍ مِن خَيبَرَ، وأوصَى لِلأشعَريّينَ بجادِّ مِائَةِ وسْقٍ مِن خَيبَرَ، وأوصَى بتَنفيذِ بَعثِ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، وأوصَى ألا يُترَكَ بجَزيرِةِ العَرَبِ دينانِ (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2757>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا﴾ [النساء: ٨]\n\n١٢٦٨١ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَريرٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الشَّيبانيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ﴾ قال: هِى مُحكَمَةٌ ولَيسَت\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت منهم من يفتح الراء في الرهاوى منسوبًا إلى القبيلة وهى بطن من مذحج ويفرق بذلك بين ذلك وبين الرهاوى المنسوب إلى البلدة المعروفة بالجزيرة ومنهم من أبى ذلك وقال: كلاهما بضم الراء. قطع بذلك، والله أعلم\". وفى حاشية ز: \"الرهاويون بفتح الراء نسبة إلى قبيلة، وبضمها نسبة إلى مدينة الرُّها. وذكر صاحب الصحاح أن الرهاء بالضم فالمد حىّ من مذحج والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) الجاد بمعنى المجدود، أى نخل يجد منه ما يبلغ مائة وسق. النهاية ١/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٣٠، وابن إسحاق -كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٥٣. وأخرجه الخطابي في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤٤ من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"13","page":15},{"text":"بمَنسوخَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن الأشجَعِى (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٨٢ - زادَ فيه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ عن الأشجَعِىِّ قال: فكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ إذا ولِى رَضَخَ، وإِذا كان في المالِ قِلَّةٌ اعتَذَرَ إلَيهِم. فذَلِكَ القَولُ المَعروفُ. أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الِإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، جدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: إن ناسًا يَقولونَ: إنَّ هذه الآيَةَ نُسِخَت: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ ولا واللَّهِ ما نُسِخَت، ولَكِنَّها مِمّا يَتَهاوَنُ النّاسُ بها، وهُما واليانِ؛ والٍ يَرِثُ فذَلِكَ الَّذِى يَرزُقُ، ووالٍ لَيسَ بوارِثٍ فذاكَ الَّذِى يقولُ قَولًا مَعروفًا: إنَّه مالُ يَتامَى، وما لِى فيه شَيءٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٢.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجوزى في نواسخ القرآن ص ٢٥٣، ٢٥٤ من طريق الأشجعى به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٤٣، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٢، ٣٠٣ من طريق الشيبانى به. وقال: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٥٧٦ - تفسير) من قول سعيد بن جبير. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩١٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.","vol":"13","page":16},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عارِمٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ بلا شَك (^١)، والشَّكُّ مِنِّى في إسنادِى.\nويُذكَرُ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت في هذه الآيَةِ: إنَّها لَم تُنسَخْ (^٢).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ، لَم يُجاوِزْ به سعيدَ بنَ جبيرٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ وهُشَيمٌ عن أبى بشرٍ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ أنَّه كان يُعطِى بهَذِه الآيَةِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٦٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ أن أسماءَ بنتَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، يَعنِى والقاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ، أخبَراه أن عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قَسَمَ ميراثَ أبيه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعائشَةُ حَيَّةٌ. قال: فلَم يَدَعْ في الدّارِ مِسكينًا ولا ذا قَرابَةٍ إلَّا أعطاهُم مِن ميراثِ أبيه. قال: وتَلا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٧٥٩).\n(^٢) ينظر الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبى عبيد ص ٢٩، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١٤١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤١٢) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم (٤٨٥٧) من طريق شعبة وهشيم به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٣ من طريق هشيم وحده.\n(^٥) ينظر الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبى عبيد ص ٣٠، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤١٧)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٦/ ٤٤٠، ٤٤١، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١٤١٠)، وتفسير ابن أبى حاتم (٤٨٦١).","vol":"13","page":17},{"text":"﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ تَمامَ الآيَةِ. قال القاسِمُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لابنِ عباس فقالَ: ما أصابَ، لَيسَ ذَلِكَ له؛ إنَّما ذَلِكَ في الوَصيَّةِ، وإِنَّما هذه الآيَةُ في الوَصيَّةِ يُريدُ المَيِّتَ أن يوصِى (^١).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ جَماعَةٍ عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ﴾ في رِوايَةٍ قال: قِسمَةَ الثُّلُثِ (^٢). وفِى رِوايَةٍ قال: ذاكَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ عِندَ الوَصيَّةِ (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةٍ قال: إذا ماتَ المَيِّتُ فقَد وجَبَ الميراثُ لأهلِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٦٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال في هذه الآيَةِ ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ قال: نَسَخَتها الفَرائضُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٤٩ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٦ - وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٧ من طريق داود بلفظ: أمر أن يوصى بثلثه في قرابته.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٧، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٢٠) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢١٦٠)، وإسماعيل بن إسحاق - كما في التمهيد لابن عبد البر ١/ ٥٠٠، ٥٠١ - من طريق داود به.\n(^٥) الناسخ والمنسوخ لقتادة ص ٣٨. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣١، ٣٢ من طريق هشام به. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٤٩، ومن طريقه النحاس في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣٠٢ - وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٣٥، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٢١)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٦٥) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"13","page":18},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عَطاءٌ وعِكرِمَةُ والضَّحّاكُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ قال: هِى مَنسوخَةٌ نَسَخَتها آيَةُ الميراثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2758>بابُ تَبديَةِ الدَّينِ على الوَصيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَد رُوِى في تَبديَةِ الدَّينِ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ حَديثٌ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- لا يُثبِتُ أهلُ الحديثِ مِثلَه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَضى بالدَّينِ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: امتِناعُ أهلِ الحديثِ عن إثباتِ هذا؛ لِتَفَرُّدِ الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ برِوايَتِه عن علىٍّ -ﷺ-، والحارِثُ لا يُحتَجُّ بخَبَرِه؛ لِطَعنِ الحُفّاظِ فيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبى عبيد ص ٣١، وسعيد بن منصور (٥٨٢ - تفسير)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٦/ ٤٣٦، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١٤٢٣)، ونواسخ القرآن لابن الجوزى ص ٢٥٧.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن الجوزى في نواسخ القرآن معلقًا ص ٢٥٨ عن عطاء.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٥)، والترمذى (٢١٢٢) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٢٤٥٩).\n(^٤) تقدم قبل (٣٣).","vol":"13","page":19},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثورِيُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا زَكريّا، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: إنَّكُم تَقرَءونَ: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ [النساء:١١]. وإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَضَى بالدَّينِ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ، وإِنَ أعيانَ بَنِى الأُمِّ يَتَوارَثونَ دونَ بَنِى العَلَّاتِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٦٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي شَبيبُ بنُ سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ يَحيَى بنَ أبى أُنَيسَةَ الجَزَرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمدانِىِّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الدَّينُ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ، ولَيسَ لِوارِثٍ وصيَّةٌ\" (^٣). كَذا أتَى به يَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عاصِمٍ، ويَحيَى ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٧٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم تعريف بنى الأعيان وبنى العلات في ١٢/ ٤٩٩.\nوالأثر أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٢)، والترمذى عقب (٢٠٩٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١٠٧٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في الموضح ٢/ ١٧١ من طريق أبى العباس به. وابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٤٨، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٧ من طريق ابن وهب به. وينظر فتح البارى ١/ ١٩، ٥/ ٣٧٧.\n(^٤) ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٦٢، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٢٩، والمجروحين ٣/ ١١٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٢٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٤٣: ضعيف.","vol":"13","page":20},{"text":"١٢٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قيلَ له: كَيفَ تأمُرُ بالعُمرَةِ قبلَ الحَجِّ واللَّهُ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦]؟ فقالَ: كَيفَ تَقرَءونَ، الدَّينُ قبلَ الوَصيَّةِ أوِ الوَصيَّةُ قبلَ الدَّينِ؟ قال: الوَصيَّةُ قبلَ الدَّينِ. قال: فبأيِّهِما تَبدَءونَ؟ قالوا: بالدَّينِ. قالَ: فهو ذَلِكَ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: يَعنِى أن التَّقديمَ جائزٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2759>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بالثُّلُثِ</span>\n\n١٢٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِنهُم مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، أن ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَهُم (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عامِرِ ابنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعودُنِى عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ. قال: وبِى وجَعٌ قَدِ اشتَدَّ بى، فقُلتُ له: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد بَلَغَ مِنِّى الوَجَعُ ما تَرَى، وأنا ذو مالٍ، ولا تَرِثُنِى إلَّا ابنَةٌ، فأتَصَدَّقُ بثُلُثَيْ مالِى؟\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٠٨)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٠١.","vol":"13","page":21},{"text":"قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالشَطرِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالثُّلُثِ؟ قال: \"الثُّلُثُ كَبيرٌ - أو: كَثيرٌ - إنَّكَ أن تَدَعَ ورَثَتَكَ أغنياءَ خَيرٌ لَكَ مِن أن تَدَعَهُم عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفونَ النّاسَ، وِإنَّكَ لَن تُنفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبتَغِى بها وجهَ اللَّهِ إلَّا أُجِرتَ فيها، حَتَّى ما تَجعَلُ في فِي امرأتِكَ\". قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَأُخَلَّفُ (^١) بعدَ أصحابِى؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّكَ لَن تُخَلَّفَ فتَعمَلَ عَمَلًا صالِحًا إلَّا ازدَدتَ به دَرَجَةً ورِفعَةً، ولَعَلَّكَ أن تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنتَفِعَ بكَ أقوامٌ ويُضَرَّ بكَ آخَرونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أمضِ لأصحابِى هِجرَتَهُم، ولا تَرُدَّهُم على أعقابِهِم، لَكِنِ البائسُ سَعدُ بنُ خَوْلَةَ\". [يَرثِي له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن ماتَ بمَكَّةَ] (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطانِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: قُلتُ: فبِالشَّطرِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"لا، الثُّلُثَ (^٣)، والثُّلُثُ كَثيرٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخلَف، على صيغة المجهول، قال ابن عبد البر: يحتمل أن يكون لما سمع النبي -ﷺ- يقول: إنك لن تنفق نفقة، وتنفق فعل مستقبل؛ أيقن أنه لا يموت من مرضه ذلك أو ظن ذلك فاستفهمه: هل يبقى بعد أصحابه. التمهيد ٥/ ٢٠٤. وقال أبو العباس القرطبى: هذا الاستفهام إنما صدر من سعد مخافة أن يكون مقامه بمكة بعد أصحابه إلى أن يموت بها قادحًا في هجرته. المفهم في شرح مسلم ٤/ ٥٤٧. وينظر الحديث بعد القادم.\n(^٢) اختلف في رفع هذا القدر من الحديث. ينظر شرح صحيح البخارى لابن بطال ٣/ ٢٧٨، وفتح البارى ٥/ ٣٦٥، ١١/ ١٨٠.\n(^٣) قال العينى: الثلث الأول منصوب على الإغراء أو على تقدير: أعط الثلث، ويجوز فيه الرفع على تقدير: الثلث يكفيك. عمدة القارى ٢١/ ٢١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٠٤)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٦٨، ٣٦٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٦٣ ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٩٢٩)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٦). وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على: \"اللهم أمض لأصحابى هجرتهم\". وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٧٦٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) البخارى (١٢٩٥)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨/ عقب ٥).","vol":"13","page":22},{"text":"١٢٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْراد العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو على إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَارُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه في المُحَرَّمِ سنةَ سَبعٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ وجَعفَرُ ابنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: عادَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ مِن وجَعٍ أشفَيتُ مِنه على المَوتِ (^١)، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، بَلَغَ بى ما تَرَى مِنَ الوَجَعِ، وأنا ذو مالٍ ولا يَرِثُنى إلَّا ابنَةٌ لى واحِدَةٌ، أفأتَصدَّقُ بثُلُثَى مالى؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: أفأتَصدَّقُ بشَطرِهِ؟ قال: \"لا، الثُّلُت والثُّلُثُ كَثيرٌ، إنَّكَ أن تَذَرَ ورَثَتَكَ أغنياءَ خَيرٌ مِن أن تَذَرَهُم عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفونَ النّاسَ، ولَستَ تُنفِقُ نَفَقَةً تَبتَغِى بها وجهَ اللَّهِ إلَّا أُجِرتَ بها، حَتَّى اللُّقمَةَ تَجعَلُها في فِي امرأتِكَ\". قُلتُ: يارسولَ اللَّهِ أُخَلَّفُ بعدَ أصحابِى؟ قال: \"إنَّكَ لَن تُخَلَّفَ فتَعمَلَ عملًا (^٢) تَبتَغِى به وجهَ اللَّهِ إلَّا ازدَدتَ به دَرَجَةً ورِفعَةً، ولَعَلَّكَ تُخَلَّفُ حَتَّى يَنتَفِعَ بكَ أقوامٌ ويُضَرَّ بكَ آخَرونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أمضِ لأصحابِى هِجرَتَهُم ولا تَرُدَّهُم على أعقابِهِم، لَكِنِ البائسُ سَعدُ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أى: أشرفت على الموت. اللسان ١٤/ ٤٣٦ (ش ف ى).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"صالحا\".","vol":"13","page":23},{"text":"خَولَةَ\". رَثَى له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تُوُفِّى بمَكَّةَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما واحِدٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ ومَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣)، وخالَفَهُم سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ فقالَ: عامَ الفَتحِ:\n\n١٢٦٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرَّزَّازُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ أبو عثمانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: مَرِضتُ عامَ الفَتحِ مَرَضًا أشفَيتُ مِنه، فأتانِى النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- يَعودُنِى فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ لِى مالًا كَثيرًا، ولَيسَت تَرِثُنِى إلَّا ابنَةٌ على، فأوصِى بماصلى كُلِّهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالشَّطرِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالثُّلُثِ؟ قال: \"الثُّلُثُ، والثَّلُثُ كَثيرٌ، إنَّكَ أن تَترُكَ ورَثَتَكَ أغنياءَ خَيرٌ مِن أن تَدَعَهُم عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفونَ النّاسَ، إنَّكَ لعَلَّكَ أن تُؤجَرَ على جَميعِ نَفَقَتِكَ حَتَّى اللُّقمَةِ تَرفَعُها إلَى فِي امرأتِكَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أرهَبُ أن أموتَ بأرضٍ\n_________\n(^١) السنة لمحمد بن نصر المروزى (٢٤٨). وأخرجه الطيالسي (١٩٢ - ١٩٤) - ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٥٧٦٤) - والشاشي (٨٧) عن إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٢٨/ ٥)، والبخارى (٣٩٣٦، ٤٤٠٩، ٦٣٧٣).\n(^٣) ومن طريق شعيب أخرجه البخارى (٥٦).\nومن طريق عبد العزيز بن أبى سلمة أخرجه البخارى (٥٦٦٨).\nومن طريق معمر أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٤)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨/ ٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٢٠٦)، وابن حبان (٧٢٦١).","vol":"13","page":24},{"text":"هاجَرتُ مِنها. قال: \"إنَّكَ لَعَلَّكَ أن تَبقَى حَتَّى يَنتَفِعَ بكَ قَومٌ ويضرَّ بكَ آخَرونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أمضِ لأصحابِى هِجرَتَّهُم ولا تَزدَّهُم على أعقابِهِم، لَكِنِ البائسُ سَعدُ بن خَوْلَةَ\". يَرثى له أن ماتَ بمَكَّةَ (^١).\n\n١٢٦٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٢)، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن مَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إنَّكَ لَن تُنفِقَ نَفَقَةً إلَّا أُجِرتَ فيها، حَتَّى اللُّقمَةَ تَرفَعُها إلَى فِي امرأتِكَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أُخَلَّفُ عن هِجرَتِى؟ قال: \"إنَّكَ [لن تُخَلَّفَ] (^٣) بَعدِى فتَعمَل عَمَلًا تُريدُ به الجَنَّةَ إلَّا ازدَدتَ رِفعَةً ودَرَجَةً، ولَعَلَّكَ أن تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنتَفَعَ بكَ أقوامٌ ويُضَرَّ آخَرونَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِى بنَحوِه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٥)، وسُفيانُ خالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في قَولِه: عامَ الفَتحِ. والمَحفوظُ عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ.\n\n١٢٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٦)، وأبو داود (٢٨٦٤)، والترمذى (٢١١٦)، والنسائي (٣٦٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٠٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"راشد\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، ز: \"ستخلف\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٧٦٥) عن زكريا بن يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٧٣٣)، ومسلم (/ ١٦٢٨ عقب ٥).","vol":"13","page":25},{"text":"أخبرَنِي موسَى بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا المُنذِرُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا مَروانُ، عن [هاشِمِ بنِ هاشِمٍ] (^١)، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: مَرِضتُ فعادَنِي النبيُّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ادعُ اللَّهَ ألا يَرُدَّنِى على عَقِبِى. قال: \"لَعَل اللَّهَ أن يَرفَعَكَ فينَفَعَ بكَ ناسًا\". فقُلتُ: أريدُ أن أوصِى، وإِنَّما لِي ابنَةٌ، أفأُوصِى بالنَّصفِ؟ قال: \"النِّصفُ كَثيرٌ. قال: قُلتُ: فبالثُّلُثِ؟ قال: \"الثُّلُثُ، والثُّلُثُ كَثيرٌ - أو: كَبيرٌ\". قال: فأوصَى بالثُّلُثِ فجازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُم (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن زَكَريّا بنِ عَدِىٍّ وقالَ: فأوصَى الناسُ بالثُّلُثِ فأجازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٢٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: نَزَلَت فيَّ أربَعُ آياتٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ودَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عليَّ وأنا مَريضٌ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أوصِى بمالِي كُلِّهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِثُلُثَيهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِثُلُثِهِ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فكانَ الثُّلُثُ (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ (^٥).\n\n١٢٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"هشام بن هشام.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار في مسنده (١١٣٦)، وفى مسند سعد (٧٣) من طريق زكريا بن عدى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٤٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧)، وابن حبان (٦٩٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٧٤٠٢، ١٧٨٩١).\n(^٥) مسلم (٤٤/ ١٧٤٨).","vol":"13","page":26},{"text":"الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ طَلحَةَ بنَ عمرٍو المَكِّيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"إنَّ اللَّهَ أعطاكُم ثُلُثَ أموالِكُم عِندَ وفاتِكُم زيادَةً في أعمالِكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٢٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ\" مِنهُم عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵄-، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُم، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ سُئلَ عن الوَصيَّةِ فقالَ عُمَرُ: الثُّلُثُ وسَطٌ مِنَ المالِ، لا بَخسَ ولا شَطَطَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2760>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ النُّقصانَ عن الثُّلُثِ إذا لَم يَترُكْ ورَثَتَه أغنياءَ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ.\n\n١٢٦٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيان (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٠٩) من طريق طلحة بن عمرو به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٩٦١): إسناد ضعيف. ونقل عن جمع من الأئمة تضعيف طلحة بن عمرو الحضرمى المكى.\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٦/ ٥ عن ابن وهب به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٣٧) من طريق نافع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٣٦٨) من طريق نافع عن ابن عمر من قوله.","vol":"13","page":27},{"text":"أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، كُلُّهُم عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَوأن النّاسَ غَضوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إلَى الرُّبُعِ في الوَصيَّةِ لَكانَ أفضلَ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الثُّلُثُ، والثُّلُثُ كَثيرٌ - أو: كَبيرٌ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ وكيعٍ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ وعيسَى: في الوَصيَّةِ لَكانَ أفضَلَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ موسَى وعن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: ذُكِرَ لَنا أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- أوصَى بخُمُسِ مالِه وقالَ: لا (^٣) أرضَى مِن مالِى بمارَضِى اللَّهُ به مِن غَنائمِ المُسلِمينَ؟! وقالَ قَتادَةُ: وكانَ يُقالُ: الخُمُسُ مَعروفٌ، والرُّبُعُ جُهدٌ، والثُّلُثُ يُجيزُه القُضاةُ (^٤).\n\n١٢٧٠١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن إدريسَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٠٦)، والحميدى (٥٢١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١١) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي (٣٦٣٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٤٣)، ومسلم (١٦٢٩/ ١٠).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٦٣)، وابن سعد ٣/ ١٩٤ من طريق آخر عن قتادة دون قوله الأخير، وقول قتادة الأخير ذكره ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ٢٠٠ معلقًا عنه.","vol":"13","page":28},{"text":"الأودِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الَّذِى يوصى بالخُمُسِ أفضَلُ مِنَ الَّذِى يوصى بالرُّبُعِ، والَّذِى يوصى بالرُّبُعِ أفضَلُ مِنَ الَّذِى يوصى بالثُّلُثِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا الشُّرَيحِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: لأن أوصى بالرُّبُعِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أوصى بالثُّلُثِ، فمَن أوصى بالثُّلُثِ فلَم يَترُكْ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2761>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ تَركَ الوَصيَّةِ إذا لَم يَترُك شَيئًا كًثيرًا استِبقاءً على ورَثَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا -﵁- دَخَلَ على رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ وهو مَريضٌ يَعودُه، فأرادَ أن يوصى فنَهاه وقالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يقولُ: ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ مالًا، فدَعْ مالَكَ لِوَرَثَتِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٤٨) من طريق مالك بن الحارث عن العباس بلفظ: الربع حيف، والثلث حيف. ولفظ المصنف رواه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٤٤) عن إبراهيم قال: كانوا يقولون: الذى يوصى ...\n(^٢) الجعديات (٥٧٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٦١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٤٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٢٧٣، ٢٧٤، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٤٦٦) عن أبى خالد به. وأخرجه سفيان في تفسيره ص ٥٥، ٥٦ - وعنه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٥٢) - والدارمى (٣٢٣٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٣٦ من طريق هشام به.","vol":"13","page":29},{"text":"١٢٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه لَم يَقُلْ: مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ. وقالَ: فقالَ له عليُّ -﵁-: إنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ وإِنَّكَ إنَّما تَدَعُ شَيئًا يَسيرًا، فدَعْه لِعيالِكَ فإِنَّه أفضَلُ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ شَريكٍ المَكِّىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت، قال لَها رَجُلٌ: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أوصِى. قالَت: كَم مالُكَ؟ قال: ثَلاثَةُ آلافٍ. قالَت: كَم عيالُكَ؟ قال: أربَعَةٌ. فقالَت: قال اللَّهُ سُبحانَه: ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ وإِنَ هذا لَشَئٌ يَسير، فاترُكْه لِعيالِكَ فهو أفضَلُ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا تَرَكَ المَيِّتُ سَبعَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ فلا يوصِى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٢٥١ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٥١) - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٣٧ - والدارمى (٣٢٣١)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٩٩) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٢٤٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٦٧) عن أبى معاوية به. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٥٤، ١٦٣٥٥)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٣/ ١٣٧.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٠ - تفسير).","vol":"13","page":30},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2762>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا﴾ [النساء: ٩]</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2763>وما يُنهَى عنه مِنَ الإضرارِ في الوَصيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ﴾: يَعنِى الرَّجُلَ يَحضُرُه المَوتُ فيُقالُ له: تَصَدَّقْ مِن مالكَ وأعتِقْ، وأعطِ مِنه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ. فنُهوا أن يأمُروه بذَلِكَ؟ يَعنِى مَن حَضَرَ مِنكُم مَريضًا عِندَ المَوتِ، فلا يأمُرُه أن يُنفِقَ مالَه في العِتقِ والصَّدَقَةِ وفِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ولَكِن يأمُرُه أن يُبَيِّنَ ما له وما عَلَيه مِن دَينٍ، ويوصِى مِن مالِه لِذِى قَرابَتِه الَّذينَ لا يَرِثونَ؛ يوصِى لَهُم بالخُمُسِ أوِ الرُّبُعِ، يقولُ: أيَسُرُّ أحَدَكُم إذا ماتَ ولَه وَلَدٌ ضِعافٌ -يَعنِى صِغارًا- أن يَترُكَهُم بغَيرِ مالٍ فيَكونوا عيالًا على النّاسِ؟ فلا يَنبَغِى أن تأمُروه بما لا تَرضَونَ به لأنفُسِكُم ولأولادِكُم، ولَكِن قولوا الحَق مِن ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٠٨ - وبِهَذا الِإسنادِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا﴾: فهَذا الرَّجُلُ يَحضُرُ الرَّجُلَ عِندَ مَوتِه فيَسمَعُه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٤٧، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٦٩) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"13","page":31},{"text":"بوَصيَّةٍ (^١) تَضُرُّ بوَرَثَتِه، فأمَرَ اللَّهُ سُبحانَه الَّذِى يَسمَعُه أن يَتَقِى اللَّهَ ويوَفِّقَه ويُسَدِّدَه لِلصَّوابِ، وليَنظُرْ لِوَرَثَتِه كما يُحِبُّ أن يُصنَعَ بوَرَثَتِه إذا خَشِى عَلَيهِمُ الضَّيعَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿(٨) وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا﴾ قال: هذا عِندَ الوَصيَّةِ؟ يقولُ له مَن حَضَرَه: أقلَلتَ، فأوصِ لِفُلانٍ ولَالِ فُلانٍ. يقولُ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَلْيَخْشَ﴾ أولَئكَ، وليَقولوا كما يُحِبّونَ أن يُقالَ لَهُم في ولَدِه بَعدَه. ﴿وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا﴾ يَعنِى عَدلًا (^٣).\n\n١٢٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ أنَّه حَضَرَ رَجُلًا يوصِى، فآثَرَ بَعضَ الوَرَثَةِ على بَعضٍ فقالَ له: إنَّ اللَّهَ سُبحانَه قَد قَسَمَ بَينَكُم فأحسَنَ القَسمَ، وإِنَّه مَن يَرغَبْ برأيِه عن رأي اللَّهِ يَضِلَّ، فأوصِ لِذِى قَرابَةٍ مِمَّن لا يَرِثُ، ثمَّ دَعِ المالَ كما قَسَمَه اللَّهُ ﷿ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في مصادر التخريج: \"يُوص بوصية\". وينظر الدر المنثور ٤/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٤٦، ٤٤٧، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٢٥)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٨٧٤) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٨. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٤٩، ٤٥٠ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به. وسعيد بن منصور (٥٨٤ - تفسير)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٢٧) عن مجاهد به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٥٨٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٢٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن=","vol":"13","page":32},{"text":"١٢٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ الحُدّانِيُّ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، أن أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيعمَلُ أوِ المَرأةَ بطاعَةِ اللَّهِ سِتّينَ سنةً، ثُمَّ يَحضُرُهُما المَوتُ فيُضارّانِ في الوَصيَّةِ، فتَجِبُ لَهُما النّارُ\". وقالَ: ثُمَّ قرأ عليَّ أبو هريرةَ مِن هاهنا: ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ﴾ (^١) [النساء: ١٢، ١٣].\n\n١٢٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ إملاءً في المُحَرَّمِ سنةَ سَبعٍ وثَلاثىينَ وثَلاثِمائةٍ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الإِضرارُ في الوَصيَّةِ مِنَ الكَبائرِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٧١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ،\n_________\n= جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٨٧ من طريق أبى الضحى (مسلم بن صبيح) به مختصرًا.\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٦٧). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢١١٧) من طريق عبد الصمد به. وقال: حسن صحيح غريب. وأحمد (٧٧٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٠٤) من طريق الأشعث به. وفيهما: سبعين سنة.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ١٨٩، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٢٣٧)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥١ من طريق بكر بن سهل به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٩٤٧) من طريق عبد الله بن يوسف به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٨٧، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٩٣٩) من طريق عمر بن المغيرة به.","vol":"13","page":33},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الجَنَفُ (^١) في الوَصيَّةِ والإضرارُ فيها مِنَ الكَبائرِ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُه عن داودَ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا، ورَفعُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2764>بابٌ: الحَزمُ لِمَن كان له شَيءٌ يُريدُ أن يوصِى فيه ألَّا يَبيتَ لَيلَتَيِن أو ثلاثَ لَيالٍ لَيالٍ ووَصيَّتُه مَكتوبَةٌ عِندَهُ</span>\n\n١٢٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ؛ مِنهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَيثِيُّ أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما حَقُّ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ له شئٌ يوصِى فيه، يَبيتُ لَيلَتَينِ إلَّا ووَصيَّتُه مَكتوبَةٌ عِندَه\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحيف\"، وفي ص ٦: \"الحنف\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٨ - تفسير).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٠ - تفسير) عن ابن عيينة به. وسفيان الثورى في تفسيره ص ٩١ - ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٤٦٥٦)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٩٦١) - وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٥٤، ٣١٤٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٩٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٨٦، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٥٣) من طرق عن داود به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٠٣) دون ذكر مالك، ومالك ٢/ ٧٦١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٣٠)،=","vol":"13","page":34},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهب عن يونُسَ، وعن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهب عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما حَقُّ امرِيءٍ مُسلِمٍ له مالٌ يُريدُ أن يوصِى فيه، يَبتُ لَيلَةً أو لَيلَتَينِ لَيسَت وصيَّتُه مَكتوبَةً عِندَه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبِ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ ابنُ يَزيدَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤)، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما حَقُّ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ له\n_________\n= والنسائي (٣٦١٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٦٢)، والترمذى (٩٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٩)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^١) البخارى (٢٧٣٨)، ومسلم (١٦٢٧/ ٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٧٨)، والترمذى (٢١١٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣/ ١٦٢٧).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"عن سالم (ح) وأخبرنا أبو عبد الله الحافظ، أخبرنى بشر بن أحمد الإسفراييني من أصله، أخبرنا داود بن الحسين بن عقيل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن شعيب بن الليث، حدثني أبى، عن جدى، حدثني عقيل، عن ابن شهاب\". وكذا وقعت في \"ز\" وكتب فوقها علامة الحذف \"من إلى\".","vol":"13","page":35},{"text":"شَيءٌ يوصِى فيه، يَبتُ ثلاثَ لَيَالٍ إلَّا ووَصيَّتُه مَكتوبَةٌ عِندَه\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: ما مَرَّت عليَّ لَيلَة مُنذُ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال ذَلِكَ إلَّا وعِندِى وصيَّتِى (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو، وعن أبى الطاهِرِ وغيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2765>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بمِثلِ نَصيبِ ولَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٢٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عُمارَةَ الصَّيدَلانِيِّ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه أوصى له بمِثلِ نَصيبِ أحَدِ ولَدِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2766>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ فيما زادَ على الثُّلُثُ</span>\n\n١٢٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٦٢٠، ٣٦٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٤٤٦٩)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٥) من طريق الزهري به. ويى عند ابن حبان قول ابن عمر الأخير.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٢٧/ ٣، ٤، ...).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣١٧).","vol":"13","page":36},{"text":"أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ الحُصينِ، أن رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ له عِندَ مَوتِه، لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له قَولًا شَديدًا، ثُمَّ دَعاهُم فجَزّأهُم فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً. وفِى رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: فجَزّأهُم ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2767>بابُ العَولِ في الوَصايا وإجازَةِ الوَرَثَةِ وصيَّتَه لِوارِثٍ أو ما زادَ على الثُّلُثُ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوز وصيَّةٌ لِوارِثٍ إلَّا أن يَشاءَ الوَرَثَة\" (^٣). ورُوِى ذَلِك في حديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ أبى أيّوبَ أبو عاصِمٍ وهو ثِقَة قال: قال لِى إبراهيمُ: تَعلَمُ الفَرائضَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: تَعرِفُ رَفعَ السِّهامِ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: تَعلَمُ الوَصايا؟ قُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٥٨) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وسيأتى في (٢١٤١٧). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٦٧٥)، وما سيأتى في (٢١٣٩٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٧/ ١٦٦٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٦٦٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٩٨ من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٣/ ٩٢: وإسناده واه.","vol":"13","page":37},{"text":"نَعَم. قال: ما تَرَى في رَجُلٍ أوصى بثُلُثِ مالِه لِرَجُلٍ، ورُبُعِ مالِه لآخَرَ، ونِصفِ مالِه لآخَرَ؟ فلَم أدرِ فقُلتُ: إنَّ ذاكَ لا يَجوزُ؛ إنَّما يَجوزُ له مِن مالِه الثُّلُثُ. قال: فإِنِ الوَرَثَةُ أجازوه؟ قُلتُ: لا أدرِى. قال: فأُعَلِّمُكَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: انظُرْ مالًا له نِصفٌ وثُلُثٌ ورُبُعٌ. قُلتُ: فذاكَ اثنا عَشَرَ. قال: فنَعَم، فتأخُذُ نِصفَه سِتَّةً، وثُلُثَه أربَعَةً، ورُبُعَه ثَلاثَةً، فيَكونُ ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا، فيُقسَمُ المالُ على ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا، فيُعطَى صاحِبُ النِّصفِ ما أصابَ سِتَّةً، وصاحِبُ الثُّلُثِ ما أصابَ أربَعَة، وصاحِبُ الرُّبُعِ ما أصابَ ثَلاثَةً، فذاكَ كَذاكَ. قُلتُ: نَعَم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2768>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بشَئٍ بعَينِهِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبَرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن أوصى أن يُجعَلَ ثُلُثُه في حائطٍ، ثُمَّ سَبَّلَ ذَلِكَ الحائطَ حَيثُ أرادَه، فقالَ ورَثَتُه: لا نُجيزُ، إنَّما له ثُلُثُ حائطِه. فذَلِكَ جائزٌ عَلَيهِم، الموصي يَضَعُ ثُلُثَه حَيثُ أحْبَّ مِن مالِه بقيمَةِ العَدلِ، إنَّما الحائطُ كالرَّحلِ أوِ السَّيفِ أوِ الثَّوبِ يوصي به، لَيسَ لِلوَرَثَةِ أن يَقولوا: إنَّما له ثُلُثُ رَحلِه وسَيفِه وثَوبِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٣٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٨١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣١٥) من طريق أبى عاصم به.","vol":"13","page":38},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2769>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بالإِعتاقِ عنه، ومَنِ استَحَبَّ استِغلاءَ الرِّقابِ وإِقلالَها، أو إكثارَها واستِرخاصَها</span>\n\n١٢٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ ابنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَور، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ عَونٍ العَمْرِيُّ (^١) وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى العَبسِيُّ قالا: أخبَرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى مُراوِحٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ العَمَلِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ باللَّهِ، وجِهادٌ في سَبيلِه\". قال: فأىُّ الرِّقابِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"أغلاها ثَمَنًا، وأنفَسُها عِندَ أهلِها\". قال: فإِن لَم أستَطِعْ؟ قال: \"تُعين ضَعيفا أو تَصنَعُ لأخرَقَ\". قال: فإِن لَم أفعَلْ؟ قال: \"تَدَعُ النّاسَ مِن شَرِّكَ، فإِنَّها صَدَقَة تَصَدَّقُ بها على نَفسِكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: العمرى بفتح العين وإسكان الميم نسبة إلى عمرو بن حريث لكونه من ولده والله أعلم\". وكذا في حاشية ز.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٢٣) وليس عنده: جعفر بن عون. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٣١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣١٠، ٤٥٩٦) من طريق هشام بن عروة به. وعند ابن ماجه مقتصرًا على ذكر الرقاب، وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على شطره الأول. وتقدم في (١١٥٤٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥١٨)، ومسلم (٨٤/ ١٧٦).","vol":"13","page":39},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَرزوقٍ سنةَ خَمسٍ وسِتينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا مَكَيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ مَولَى آلِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ مَرجانَةَ \" عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعَتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً أعتَقَ اللَّهُ ﷿ بكُلِّ إربٍ (^١) مِنها إربًا مِنه مِنَ النّارِ، إنَّه لَيُعتِقُ اليَدَ باليَدِ، والرِّجلَ بالرِّجلِ، والفَجَ بالفَرجِ\". فقالَ عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن أبى هريرةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فقالَ: ادعوا لى مُطَرِّفًا. وكانَ مِن أفرَهِ غِلمانِه، فلَمّا قامَ بَينَ يَدَيه قال: أنتَ حُرٌّ لِوَجهِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَرازُ (^٤)، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ أبو الفَضلِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٥)، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ قَطَنٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى غَسّانَ محمدِ بنِ مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن على بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ مَرجانَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الإرب: العضو. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٠/ ١٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدعوات الكبير (١٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٧٥) من طريق مكى بن إبراهيم به، وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على المرفوع. وسيأتى (٢١٣٤٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١/ ١٥٠٩).\n(^٤) في س: \"الجراز\"، وفى م: \"الجزار\".\n(^٥) في م: \"سعيد\".","vol":"13","page":40},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً أعتَقَ اللَّهُ بكُلِّ عُضوٍ مِنها عُضوًا مِن أعضائه مِنَ النّارِ، حَتّى فرجَه بفرجِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارى في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن داودَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2770>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بالحَجِّ</span>\n\n١٢٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال في الرَّجُلِ فرَّطَ في زَكاةٍ وفَرَّطَ في الحَجِّ حَتَّى حَضَرَته الوَفاةُ قال: كان الحَسَنُ يقولُ: يُبدأُ بالحَجِّ والزَّكاةِ. ثُمَّ قال بَعدُ: لا ولا كَرامَةَ، يَدَعُه حَتَّى إذا صارَ المالُ لِغَيرِه قال: حُجّوا عَنَّى، [وزَكّوا عَنِّى] (^٣)! هو مِنَ الثُّلُثِ (^٤). كَذا في هذه الرَوايَةِ.\n\n١٢٧٢٥ - وقَد أخبَرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا هشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ في الرَّجُلِ يوصِى أن يُحَجَّ عنه قال: إن كان قَد حَجَّ فمِنَ الثُّلُثِ، وإِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤٣٣٦، ٤٣٣٧)، وفى المعرفة (٣٦٢١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٨٢٨)، وأبو بكر الشافعى في الغيلانيات (١٠٤)، وأبو الشيخ في جزئه (١٠٦ - انتقاء ابن مردويه) من طريق داود بن رشيد به. وسيأتى في (٢١٣٤٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧١٥)، ومسلم (٢٢/ ١٥٠٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: ز.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٢) من رواية الأشعث عن الحسن.","vol":"13","page":41},{"text":"لَم يَكُنْ حَجَّ فهو مِن جَميعِ المالِ أوصَى أو لَم يوصِ، وهو عَلَيه دَينٌ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٢٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ وابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: إذا أوصَى الرَّجُلُ بشَئٍ يَكونُ عَلَيه واجِبًا؛ حَجٍّ أو كَفّارَةِ يَمينٍ أو ظِهارٍ، فهو مِن جَميعِ المالِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ. وعن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ في الرَّجُلِ يوصِى بالحَجِّ أو بالزَّكاةِ قالا: هو مِن جَميعِ المالِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال: إذا أوصَى بحَجٍّ أو زَكاةٍ فهِى مِنَ الثُّلُثِ، حَجَّ أو لَم يَحُجَّ (^٤). وعن ابنِ سيرينَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\nوبِقَولِ الحَسَنِ وطاوُسٍ وعَطاءٍ والزُّهرِيِّ نَقولُ، حَيثُ قالوا: هو بمَنزِلَةِ الدَّينِ. استِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٢٧٢٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ فِراسٍ المالِكِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٨٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٤٧) من طريق سليمان عن الحسن وطاوس. وفيهما ذكر الحج الواجب.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٤٦) من طريق يونس ومنصور عن الحسن.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٨٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٤٣، ٣١٣٤٤).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٨٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٤٥).","vol":"13","page":42},{"text":"حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن امرأةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنَّ أُمِّى نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ، فماتَت قبلَ أن تَحُجَّ، أفأحُجُّ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم، فحُجِّى عَنها، أرأيتِ لَو كان على أُمِّكِ دَينٌ، أكُنتِ قاضيَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"اقضِى اللهَ الَّذِى هو له؛ فإنَّ اللهَ أحَقُّ بالوَفاءِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى ومُسَدَّدٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2771>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٢٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عيسَى بنِ مَعقِلِ بنِ أبى مَعقِلٍ الأسَدِىِّ -أسَدُ خُزَيمَةَ- أخبرَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ مَعقِلٍ قالَت: لَمّا حَجَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ أمَرَ النّاسَ أن يَتَهَيَّئوا مَعَه، فتَجَهَّزنا فأصابَتنِى هذه القَرحَةُ -الحَصبَةُ أوِ الجُدَرِىُّ- قالَت: فدَخَلَ عَلَينا مِن ذَلِكَ ما شاءَ اللهُ، فأصابَنِى مَرَضٌ، وأصابَ أبا مَعقِلٍ، فأمّا أبو مَعقِلٍ فهَلَكَ فيها. قالَت: وكانَ لَنا جَمَلٌ يَنضَحُ عَلَيه نَخَلاتٍ لَنا هو (^٣)، وكانَ هو الَّذِى نُريدُ أن نَحُجَّ عَلَيه. قالَت: فجَعَلَه أبو مَعقِلٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٧٤٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨٥٢، ٧٣١٥).\n(^٣) ليست في ز، ص ٦. وكتب فوقها في الأصل: صح.","vol":"13","page":43},{"text":"قالَت: وشُغِلنا بما أصابَنا، وخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن حَجَّتِه جِئتُ حينَ تَماثَلْتُ مِن وجَعِى، فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"يا أُمَّ مَعقِلٍ، ما مَنَعَكِ أن تَخرُجِينَ (^١) معنا في وجهِنا هذا؟ \". قالَت: قُلتُ: واللهِ لَقَد تَهَيّأنا لِذَلِكَ، فأصابَتنا هذه القَرحَةُ، فهَلَكَ فيها أبو مَعقِلٍ وأصابَنِى مِنها مَرَضٌ، فهَذا حينَ صَحَحتُ مِنها، وكانَ لَنا جَمَلٌ هو الَّذِى نُريدُ أن نَخرُجَ عَلَيه، فأوصَى به أبو مَعقِلٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ. قال: \"فهَلَّا خَرَجتِ عَلَيه؟ فإنَّ الحَجَّ مِن سَبيلِ اللهِ، أما إذ فاتَتكِ هذه الحَجَّةُ معنا، فاعتَمِرِى عُمرَةً في رَمَضانَ، فإِنَّها كَحَجَّةٍ\". قال: فكانَت تَقولُ: الحَجُّ حَجٌّ، والعُمرَةُ عُمرَةٌ، وقَد قال في هذا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ما أدرِى أخاصَّةً لِى لِما فاتَنِى مِنَ الحَجِّ أم هِى لِلنّاسِ عامَّةً. قال يوسُفُ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ في زَمَنِ مُعاويَةَ، فقالَ: مَن سَمِعَ هذا الحديثَ مَعَكَ مِنها؟ فقُلتُ: مَعقِلُ بنُ أبى مَعقِلٍ، وهو رَجُلٌ بَدَوِىٌّ. قال: فأرسَلَ إلَيه مَروانُ فحَدَّثَه بمِثلِ ما حَدَّثتُه، فقُلتُ لمَرْوانَ: إنَّها حَيَّةٌ في دارِها بَعدُ. فواللهِ ما اطمأنَّ إلَى حَديثِنا حَتَّى رَكِبَ إلَيها في النّاسِ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها، فحَدَّثَته بهَذا الحَديثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى سُلَيمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تخرجى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٩٨٩) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به دون قول يوسف الأخير. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٦) من طريق ابن إسحاق به إلى قوله: \"فإن الحج من سبيل الله\". وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٧٥٢) دون قوله: فكانت تقول .... .","vol":"13","page":44},{"text":"عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: إنَّه أُرسِلَ إلَىَّ بدَراهِمَ أجعَلُها في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وإِنَّ مِنَ الحاجِّ مِن بَينِ مُنقَطَعٍ به، وبَينِ مَن قَد ذَهَبَت نَفَقَتُه، أفأجعَلُها فيهِم؟ قال: نَعَم، اجعَلْها فيهِم؛ فإِنَّه سَبيلُ اللهِ. قال: قُلتُ: إنِّى أخافُ أن يَكونَ صاحِبِى إنَّما أرادَ المُجاهِدينَ. قال: اجعَلْها فيهِم؛ فإِنَّهُم في سبيلِ اللهِ. قال: قُلتُ: إنِّى أخافُ اللهَ أن أُخالِفَ ما أُمِرتُ به. قال: فغَضِبَ وقالَ: ويحَكَ! أوَ لَيسَ بسَبيلِ اللهِ (^١). هذا مَذهَبٌ لابنِ عُمَرَ. وقَد رُوِى عن أبى الدَّرداءِ أنَّها تُخرَجُ في الغَزوِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ الشَّريفُ الإمامُ، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: أوصَى إلَىَّ رَجُلٌ بمالِه أن أجعَلَه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، فسألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّ الحَجَّ مِن سَبيلِ اللهِ، فاجعَلْه فيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2772>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يقولُ: ثُلُثُ مالِى إلَى فُلانٍ يَضَعُه حَيثُ أراه اللهُ، وما يُختارُ لِلموصَى إلَيه أن يُعطيَه أهلَ الحاجَةِ مِن قَرابَةِ المَيِّتِ حَتَّى يُغنيَهُم، ثُمَّ رُضَعاءَه (^٤)، ثُمَّ جيرانَهُ</span>\n\n١٢٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو إسحاق الفزارى في السير (٩٠) من طريق أنس بن سيرين به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٩٠٩).\n(^٣) الجعديات (١١٥٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٦١) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو إسحاق الفزارى (٩١)، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (١٩٧٧) من طريق أنس بن سيرين به.\n(^٤) رضعاؤه: من رضعوا معه. المحكم ١/ ٤٠٦.","vol":"13","page":45},{"text":"ابنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان أبو طَلحَةَ أكثَرَ أنصارِىٍّ بالمَدينَةِ مالًا، وكانَ أحَبُّ مالِه إلَيه بَيرُحاءَ، وكانَت مُستَقبِلَةَ المَسجِدِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدخُلُها ويَشرَبُ مِن ماءٍ فيها طَيِّبٍ، قال أنَسٌ: فلَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٢] قامَ أبو طَلحَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ اللهَ يقولُ في كِتابِه: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ وإِنَّ أحَبَّ أموالى إلَىَّ بَيرُحاءَ، وإِنَّها صَدَقَةٌ للهِ أرجو برَّها وذُخرَها عِندَ اللهِ، فضَعْها يا رسولَ اللهِ حَيثُ أراكَ اللهُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَخٍ، ذَلِكَ مالٌ رائحٌ -أو: رابحٌ. شَكَّ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ- وقَد سَمِعتُ ما قُلتَ، وإنِّى أرَى أن تَجعَلَها في الأقرَبينَ\". فقالَ أبو طَلحَةَ: أفعَلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقَسَمَها أبو طَلحَةَ في أقارِبِه وبَنِى عمِّهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَحِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: بَرِيحاء (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٠٤٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٠٤٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٦٩)، ومسلم (٩٩٨/ ٤٢).","vol":"13","page":46},{"text":"١٢٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبَرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵁ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الوِلادَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما زالَ جِبريلُ يوصينى بالجارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّه لَيوَرِّثُه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٣٦ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٠٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤١٧)، وأبو داود (٢٠٥٥)، والترمذى (١١٤٧)، والنسائي (٣٣٠٠)، وابن حبان (٤١٠٩)، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى في (١٤٠١٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٣٢، ٩٥٢٧)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٣٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥١٥١)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد. وسيأتى في (١٣٣٥٣، ١٥٨٩٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠١٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٢٤/ ١٤٠).","vol":"13","page":47},{"text":"أبى عِمرانَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى جارَينِ، فإِلَى أيِّهِما أُهدِى؟ قال: \"إلَى أقرَبِهِما مِنكِ بابًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ وغَيرِه عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الدّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ داخِرَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنا دَلالُ بنتُ أبى المُدِلِّ قالَت: حَدَّثَتنا الصَّهباءُ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما حَقُّ -أو قال: ما حَدُّ- الجِوارِ؟ قال: \"أربَعونَ دارًا\".\n\n١٢٧٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ السَّرّاجُ، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ غانِمِ بنِ حَمّويَه الطَّويلُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِاللهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سَيفٍ، حَدَّثَتنِى سُكَينَةُ قالَت: أخبَرَتنِى أُمُّ هانِئٍ بنتُ أبى صُفرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أوصانِى جِبريلُ ﵇ بالجارِ إلَى أربَعينَ دارًا؛ عَشَرَةٌ مِن ههُنا، وعَشَرَةٌ مِن ههُنا، وعَشَرَةٌ مِن هاهُنا، وعَشَرَةٌ مِن هاهُنا\". قال إسماعيلُ: عن يَمينِه وعن يَسارِه، وقُبالَه وخَلفَه.\nفي هَذَينِ الإسنادَينِ ضَعفٌ، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٥٤٤)، وفى الآداب (٨٤)، والطيالسى (١٦٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٥١٥٥) من طريق أبى عمران به. وسيأتى في (١٣٣٥٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٥٩، ٢٥٩٥، ٦٠٢٠).","vol":"13","page":48},{"text":"عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسلًا: \"أربَعينَ دارًا جارٌ\". قيلَ لابنِ شِهابٍ: وكَيفَ أربَعينَ دارًا؟ قال: أربَعينَ عن يَمينِه، وعن يَسارِه، وخَلفَه، وبَينَ يَدَيه. أورَدَه أبو داودَ بإِسنادِه عن الزُّهرِىِّ في \"المراسيل\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2773>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ لِلرَّجُلِ وقَبولِه ورَدِّهِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا جَدِّى، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، [عن أبيه] (^٢)، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - حينَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ سألَ عن البَراءِ بنِ مَعرورٍ فقالوا: توُفِّى وأوصَى بثُلُثِه لَكَ. قال: \"قَد رَدَدتُ ثُلُثَه على ولَدِه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2774>بابُ نِكاحِ المَريضِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: كانَتِ ابنَةُ حَفصِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عِندَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أَبى رَبيعَةَ فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَةً، ثُمَّ إنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - تَزَوَّجَها، فحُدِّثَ أنَّها عاقِرٌ لا تَلِدُ، فطَلَّقَها قبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٣٥٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٦٧٨).","vol":"13","page":49},{"text":"يُجامِعَها، فمَكَثَت حَياةَ عُمَرَ وبَعضَ خِلافَةِ عثمانَ - ﵄ -، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى رَبيعَةَ وهو مَريضٌ؛ لِتَشرَكَ نِساءَه في الميراثِ، وكانَت بَينَه وبَينَها قَرابَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٤١ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ بنَ خالِدٍ يقولُ: أرادَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أُمِّ الحَكَمِ في شَكواه أن يُخرِجَ امرأتَه مِن ميراثِها فأبَت، فنَكَحَ عَلَيها ثلاثَ نِسوَةٍ وأصدَقَهُنَّ ألفَ دينارٍ كُلَّ امرأةٍ مِنهُنَّ، فأجازَ ذَلِكَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَروانَ وشَرَّكَ بَينَهُنَّ في الثُّمُنِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أُرَى ذَلِكَ صَداقَ مِثلِهِنَّ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنِى أن مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ قال في مَرَضِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه: زَوِّجونِى لا ألقَى اللهَ وأنا أعزَبُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2775>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ بالعِتقِ وغَيِره إذا ضاقَ الثُّلُثُ عن حَملِها</span>\n\n١٢٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ (^٣) الحُسَينُ بنُ عَلوسا الأسَداباذِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٢٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٣٢) عن ابن جريج به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٠١) عن نافع به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٢٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٧٢) عن ابن جريج به. دون أثر معاذ، وينظر أثر معاذ في مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٤١).\n(^٣) في م: \"محمد\".","vol":"13","page":50},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أن يُبدأَ بالعَتاقَةِ في الوَصيَّةِ.\n\n١٢٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا أوصَى الرَّجُلُ بوَصايا وبِعَتاقَةٍ يُبدأُ بالعَتاقَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٤٤ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ: يُبدأُ بالعَتاقَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٤٥ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: يُبدأُ بالعَتاقَةِ قبلَ الوَصايا (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٤٦ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: يُبدأُ بالعَتاقَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٧٤٧ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: يُبدأُ بالعَتاقَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٣٩٨)، والدارمى (٣٢٧٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤٣) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (٣٩٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٩٧) من طريق الأشعث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤٢) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (٣٩٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٩٨) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠٧) من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤٨) عن ابن جريج به. وينظر سنن الدارمى (٣٢٧٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٠٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠٠)، والدارمى (٣٢٧٠، ٣٢٧٤) من طرق عن الحسن.","vol":"13","page":51},{"text":"١٢٧٤٨ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: إذا أوصَى بوَصايا وبِعَتاقَةٍ، فبِالحِصَصِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٤٩ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ ومُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ مِثلَ قَولِ ابنِ سيرينَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: إذا كانَت وصيَّةٌ وعَتاقَةٌ تَحاصُّوا (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٥١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ أنَّه قال في الوَصيَّةِ يَكونُ فيها العِتقُ فتَزيدُ على الثُّلُثِ، قال: الثُّلُثُ بَينَهُم بالحِصَصِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٧٥٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: بالحِصَصِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤٦) عن سفيان به. والدارمى (٣٢٧١) من طريق أيوب به. وسعيد بن منصور (٤٠٣) من طريق آخر عن ابن سيرين.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٤٥) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠٣) من طريق سفيان عن مطرف به. وسعيد بن منصور (٤٠٢) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٩٦) عن حفص عن ليث به.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠١).\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٤٠٨).","vol":"13","page":52},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2776>بابُ الحَجِّ عن المَيِّتِ وقَضاءِ دُيونِه عَنهُ</span>\n\n١٢٧٥٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، قال جَعفَرُ بنُ إياسٍ: أخبرَنِى عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ أُختِى نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ، وإِنَّها ماتَت. قال: \"لَو كان عَلَيها دَينٌ أكُنتَ قاضيَه؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: فقالَ: \"فاقضوا اللهَ، فهو أحَقُّ بالوَفاءِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا [شُعَيبُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ] (^٣) قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ، عن أبى الغَوثِ ابنِ الحُصَينِ الخَثعَمِىِّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ أبى أدرَكَته فريضَةُ اللهِ في الحَجِّ وهو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لا يَتَمالَكُ على الرّاحِلَةِ، فما تَرَى الحَجَّ عَنه؟ قال: \"نَعَم، فحُجَّ عنه\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وكَذَلِكَ مَن ماتَ مِن أهلينا ولَم يوصِ بالحَجِّ فنَحَجُّ عَنه؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وتُؤجَرونَ\". قال: ويُتَصَدَّقُ عنه ويُصامُ عنه؟ قال: \"نَعَم، والصَّدَقَةُ أفضَلُ\". وكَذَلِكَ في النَّذرِ والمَشي إلَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٠). وتقدم في (٩٩٤٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٩٩).\n(^٣) في ز: \"شعبة بن زريق\"، وفى س: \"شعيب بن زريق\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"هو ابن رزيق بتقديم الراء المهملة وهو شامى، وشعيب بن رزيق الطائفي آخر، والله أعلم\". اهـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٥٢٤.","vol":"13","page":53},{"text":"المَساجِدِ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ بَينَ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ ومَن فوقَه، ومَعناه مَوجودٌ في الحديثِ الثابِتِ قَبلَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2777>بابُ الصَّدَقَةِ عن المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِىُّ ويَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أن رَجُلًا سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ أُمِّى افتُلِتَت نَفسُها، وأظُنُّها لَو تكلَّمَت تَصَدَّقَت، فهَل لَها أجرٌ في أن أتَصَدَّقَ عَنها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\". إلَّا أن مالكًا قال في الحديثِ: وأُراها لَو تكلَّمَت تَصَدَّقَت، أفأتَصَدَّقُ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبَرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٧٤٥).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٧٦٠، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣٦٥١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٦٠)، ومسلم (١٠٠٤).","vol":"13","page":54},{"text":"ابنُ مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ حَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ، أن رَجُلًا قال لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّ أُمِّى افتُلِتَت نَفسُها (^١)، وأظُنُّها لَو تَكَلَّمَت تَصَدَّقَت، فهَل لَها أجرٌ إن تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ وحدَه. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى يَعلَى أنَّه سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ يقولُ: أنبأنا ابنُ عباسٍ أن سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ توُفّيَت أُمُّه وهو غائبٌ عَنها، فأتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أُمِّى توُفّيَت وأنا غائبٌ عَنها؛ أيَنفَعُها إن تَصَدَّقتُ عَنها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فإِنِّى أُشهِدُكَ أن حائطِى المِخْرافَ (^٤) صَدَقَةٌ عَنها (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) افتلتت نفسها: ماتت فجأة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢٣١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (٧١٨٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٨٨)، ومسلم (١٠٠٤/ ١٣).\n(^٤) المخراف: اسم حائط سعد بن عبادة الذى تصدق به عن أمه بالمدينة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٤.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٠٨) عن روح بن عبادة به. وابن خزيمة (٢٥٠١، ٢٥٠٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"13","page":55},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن رَوحٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه سعيدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، أن سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ كان مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ مَغازيه فحَضَرَت أُمَّ سَعدٍ الوَفاةُ، فقيلَ لَها: أوصِى. فقالَت: فيمَ أوصِى؛ إنَّما المالُ مالُ سَعدٍ. فماتَت قبلَ أن يَقدَمَ سَعدٌ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ سَعدٌ فخُيِّرَ بالَّذِى كان مِن شأنِ أُمِّه، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فأخبَرَه بالَّذِى كان مِن شأنِ أُمِّه وقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ؛ أيَنفَعُها أن أتَصدَّقَ عَنها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\". فقالَ سَعدٌ: حائطُ كَذا وكَذا -سَمّاه- صدَقَةٌ عَنها (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: استَفتَى سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في نَذرٍ كان على أُمِّه، توُفّيَت قبلَ أن تَقضيَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقضِه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٧٧٠) وعنده: عن محمد بن عبد الرحيم عن روح عن زكريا عن عمرو بن دينار عن عكرمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥٠٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٤١٩ من طريق مالك به.","vol":"13","page":56},{"text":"عَنها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، وعَلِىُّ بنُ طَيفورٍ النَّسَوِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، قالوا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا قال لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّ أبى ماتَ وتَرَكَ مالًا ولَم يوصِ، فهَل يُكَفِّرُ عنه أن أتَصَدَّقَ عنه؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2778>بابُ الدُّعاءِ لِلمَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٤٦)، والنسائي (٣٦٦٤، ٣٨٢٧) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٢١٣٢)، وابن حبان (٤٣٩٤) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٨٣١٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٥٩)، ومسلم (١٦٣٨).\n(^٣) ابن خزيمة (٢٤٩٨)، وحديث على بن حجر (٢٥١)، وعنه النسانى (٣٦٥٤)، وأبو يعلى (٦٤٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٤١) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وابن ماجه (٢٧١٦) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٣٠/ ١١).","vol":"13","page":57},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا ماتَ الإنسانُ انقَطَعَ عنه عَمَلُه إلَّا مِن ثَلاثَةِ أشياءَ؛ مِن صَدَقَةٍ جاريَةٍ، أو عِلمٍ يُنتَفَعُ به، أو ولَدٍ صالِحٍ يَدعو له\" (^١).\n\n١٢٧٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ الطّوسِىُّ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا أبو بشرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الحاضِرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ السَّكونِىُّ والحُسَينُ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن العَلاءِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2779>بابُ ما جاءَ في العِتقِ عن المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبَرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٣٥)، وفى المدخل (٣٦١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٨٠) عن الربيع به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٠٤).\n(^٢) حديث على بن حجر (٢٤٣)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٣٧٦)، والنسائي (٣٦٥٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٦٤)، وابن حبان (٣٠١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٤٤)، وأبو داود -كما في التحفة (١٣٩٧٥) - من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٣١/ ١٤).","vol":"13","page":58},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن العاصَ بنَ وائلٍ السَّهمِىِّ أوصَى أن يُعتَقَ عنه مِائَةُ رَقَبَةٍ، فأعتَقَ ابنُه هِشامٌ خَمسينَ رَقَبَةً، وأرادَ ابنُه عمرٌو أن يُعتِقَ عنه الخَمسينَ الباقيَةَ، قال: حَتَّى أسألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فأتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبى أوصَى أن يُعتَقَ عنه مِائَةُ رَقَبَةٍ، وإِنَّ هِشامًا أعتَقَ عنه خَمسينَ وبَقِيَت عَلَيه خَمسونَ، أفأُعتِقُ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه لَو كان مُسلِمًا فأعتَقتُم، أو تَصَدَّقتُم عنه، أو حَجَجتُم عنه، بَلَغَه ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى عَمْرَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أُمِّه أنَّها أرادَت أن توصِى، ثُمَّ أخَّرَت ذَلِكَ إلَى أن تُصبحَ، فهَلَكَت وقَد كانَت هَمَّتْ بعِتقٍ فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: فقُلتُ لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: أيَنفَعُها أن أُعتِقَ عَنها؟ فقالَ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ: إنَّ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ قال لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ أُمِّى هَلَكَت، فهَل يَنفَعُها أن أُعتِقَ عَنها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم، أعتِقْ عَنها\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nورَواه هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن الحَسَنِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا ببَعضِ مَعناه:\n\n١٢٧٦٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٨٣) عن العباس بن الوليد به. وأحمد (٦٧٠٤) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وعنده: أنه نذر أن ينحر مائة بدنة. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٠٧).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٧٧٩، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٣/ ٣٤٧.","vol":"13","page":59},{"text":"الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُنادِى، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن سَعدًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أُمَّ سَعدٍ كانَت تُحِبُّ الصَّدَقَةَ وتُحِبُّ العَتاقَةَ، فهَل لَها أجرٌ إن تَصَدَّقتُ عَنها أو أعتَقتُ؟ قالَ: \"نَعَم\" (^١).\n\n١٢٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في كتاب \"المستدرك\" قال: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رَجُلٌ: أُعتِقُ عن أبى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٢).\nكَذا أخبرَنا به وهو خَطأٌ:\n\n١٢٧٦٧ - إنَّما رَواه علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ في \"جامع الثورى\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُعتِقُ عن أبى وقَد ماتَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\".\nأخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى (١٨٠) عن ابن المنادى به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٤ وصححه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٤٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢١٩٩) من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق أن الرجل سأل عن أمه.","vol":"13","page":60},{"text":"١٢٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ أن أخاها ماتَ في مَنامِه، وأن عائشةَ أعتَقَت عنه تِلادًا مِن تِلادِه، يَعنِى مَماليكَ قُدَماءَ. والتِّلادُ: كُلُّ مالٍ قَديمٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبَرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ موسَى بنِ خَلَفٍ العَمِّىُّ، حدثنا أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ سلمةَ الهُذَلِىِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ قُلتُ: الرَّجُلُ يُعتِقُ العَبدَ عن والِدَيه، فهَل له في ذَلِكَ مِن أجرٍ؟ قال: نَعَم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2780>بابُ الصَّومِ عن المَيِّتِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ماتَ وعَلَيه صيامٌ صامَ عنه وليُّه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣). وقَد مَضى في\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٠٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٤٥) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٦٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٤٠٠، ٣٣١١). وتقدم في (٨٣٠٣).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (١٩٥٢) متابعة، ووصله ابن حجر في تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٤٥. ومسلم (١١٤٧/ ١٥٣).","vol":"13","page":61},{"text":"كِتابِ الصّيامِ حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ وبُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيب عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الصَّومِ عن المَيِّتِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٧١ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاق الفاكِهِىُّ بمكّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا بَدَلُ بنُ المُحَبَّرِ قال: أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ الأعمَشُ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمًا البَطينَ يُحَدِّثُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن امرأةً نَذَرَت أن تَصومَ شَهرًا فماتَت، فأتَى أخوها النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"صُمْ عَنها\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2781>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ لِلقَرابَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ تَميمٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٢] قال أبو طَلحَةَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أُرَى رَبَّنا يَسألُنا مِن أموالِنا، فإِنِّى أُشهِدُكَ أنِّى قَد جَعَلتُ أرضِى بَارِيحا للهِ ﷿. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجعَلْها في قَرابَتِكَ\". فقَسَمَها بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٣٠٥ - ٨٣١٤).\n(^٢) فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى (٢١٨). وتقدم في (٨٣٠٨) وفيه: أن أختها هى التى جاءت تسأل.","vol":"13","page":62},{"text":"حَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: وبَلَغَنِى عن الأنصارِىِّ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: أبو طَلحَةَ زَيدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ حَرامِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ زَيدِ مَناةَ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ عمرِو بنِ مالكِ بنِ النَّجّارِ، وحَسّانُ بنُ ثابِتِ ابنِ المُنذِرِ بنِ حَرامٍ، يَجتَمِعانِ إلَى حَرامٍ؛ وهو الأبُ الثّالِثُ، وأُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبِ ابنِ قَيسِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ مالكِ بنِ النَّجّارِ؛ فعَمرٌو يَجمَعُ حَسّانَ وأبا طَلحَةَ وأُبَيًّا. قال الأنصارِىُّ: بَينَ أُبَىٍّ وأبِى طَلحَةَ سِتَّةُ آباءٍ (^٢). حَديثُ حَمّادٍ عن ثابِتٍ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^٣)، وذَكَرَه البخارىُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ، ثُمَّ قال: وقالَ الأنصارِىُّ: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن أنَسٍ بمِثلِ حَديثِ ثابِتٍ قال: \"اجعَلْها لِفُقَراءِ قَرابَتِكَ\". فجَعَلَها لِحَسّانَ وأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٧٧٣ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عَمِّه ثُمامَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ و﴿مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٥] قال أبو طَلحَةَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، حائطِى بكَذا وكَذا هو للهِ ﷿، ولَوِ استَطَعتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٨) بالإسناد الأول. وأبو داود (١٦٨٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧١٨٣) من طريق هدبة به. وتقدم في (١٢٠٤٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣١٨)، وأبو داود عقب (١٦٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٩٨/ ٤٣).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٤٥٥٤).","vol":"13","page":63},{"text":"أن أُسِرَّه لَم أُعلِنْه. قال: \"اجعَلْه في فُقَراءِ أهلِكَ\". قال: فجَعَلَه في حَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الجَكّانِىُّ (^٢) قالا: حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أنزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيه ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢١٤] قال: \"يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ، اشتَروا أنفُسَكُم مِنَ اللهِ، لا أُغنِى عَنكُم مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا، يا بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ، لا أُغنِى عَنكُم مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا، يا عباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، لا أُغنِى عَنكَ مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا، يا صَفيَّةَ عَمَّةَ رسولِ اللهِ، لا أُغنِى عَنكِ مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا، يا فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ، سَلينِى ما شِئتِ لا أُغنِى عَنكِ مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٨٥). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٨٩، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٩١ من طريق الأنصارى به.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحكانى\". وجكان: محلة على باب مدينة هراة؛ منها أبو الحسن على بن محمد بن عيسى الهروى الجكانى. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٩٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٤)، وفى الدلائل ٢/ ١٧٦ عن أبى نصر به. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٦٤٩) من طريق شعيب به. وابن حبان (٥٦٤٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٧٥٣، ٤٧٧١)، ومسلم (٢٠٦/ ٣٥١).","vol":"13","page":64},{"text":"فثَبَتَ بهَذا وما قَبلَه دُخولُ بَنِى الأعمامِ في الأقرَبينَ.\n\n١٢٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ [بنِ علىٍّ] (^١) المِهرَجانِىُّ ابنُ أبى علىٍّ السَّقّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ هو ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا نَزَلَت ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ قال النَّبِى - ﷺ -: \"يا فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ، ويا صَفيَّةَ بنتَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، يا بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، لا أملِكُ لَكُم مِنَ اللهِ شَيئًا، سَلونِى مِن مالِى ما شِئتُم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن وكيعٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2782>بابُ الوَصيَّةِ لِلكُفّارِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن صَفيَّةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت لأخٍ لَها يَهودِىٍّ: أسلِمْ تَرِثْنِى. فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ قَومُه، فقالوا: أتَبيعُ دينَكَ بالدُّنيا؟ فأبَى أن يُسلِمَ، فأوصَت له بالثُّلُثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٤٤)، وابن حبان (٦٥٤٨) من طريق وكيع به. والترمذى (٢٣١٠)، والنسائي (٣٦٥٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٥/ ٣٥٠) بذكر يونس بن بكير مع وكيع.\n(^٤) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٦١). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٢٩ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٩١٣) من طريق أيوب به. وفيه أنها أوصت له بثلاثين ألفًا.","vol":"13","page":65},{"text":"١٢٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أن أُمَّ عَلقَمَةَ مَولاةَ عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَته أن صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَىِّ بنِ أخطَبَ - ﵂ - أوصَت لابنِ أخٍ لَها يَهودِىٍّ، وأوصَت لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ - بألفِ دينارٍ، وجَعَلَت وصيَّتَها إلَى ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللهِ ابنِ جَعفَرٍ، فلَمّا سَمِعَ ابنُ أخيها أسلَمَ لِكَى يَرِثَها، فلَم يَرِثْها والتَمَسَ ما أوصَت له فوَجَدَ ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ قَد أفسَدَه، فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: بُؤسًا له، أعطُوه الألفَ الدّينارِ التى أوصَت لِى بها عَمَّتُه.\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن صَفيَّةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ورَضِى عَنها أوصَت لِنَسيبٍ لَها يَهودِىٍّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2783>بابُ ما جاءَ في الوَصيَّةِ لِلقاتِلِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، وأبو زَكَريّا المُزَكِّى، وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، وأبو سعيدٍ مَسعودُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرٍّ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِلٍ وصيَّةٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٩١٤)، وسنن الدارمى (٣٣٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧ من طريق أبى عتبة به، وفيه: عن حجاج عن الحكم عن ابن أبى يعلى عن على.","vol":"13","page":66},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ مُصَفَّى عن بَقيَّةَ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، وهو مَنسوبٌ إلَى وضعِ الحديثِ، وإِنَّما ذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ [لِتُعرَفَ رواتُه] (^٢)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ حَمّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: شَيخٌ يُقالُ له: مُبَشِّرُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ كان يَكونُ بحِمصَ أظُنُّه، كوفِىٌّ (^٣)، رَوَى عنه بَقيَّةُ وأبو المُغيرَةِ، أحاديثُه أحاديثُ مَوضوعَةٌ كَذِبٌ (^٤). قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ حَمّادٍ قال: قال البخارىُّ: مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2784>بابُ الرُّجوعِ في الوَصيَّةِ وتَغييِرها</span>\n\n١٢٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ليَكتُبِ الرَّجُلُ في وصيَّتِه: إن حَدَثَ بى حَدَثُ مَوتِى قبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٢٧١)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤١٢ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٣٨) - من طريق ابن مُصَفَّى به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \" ... راويه\". وفى ز: \"ليُعرف راويه\". وفى حاشيتها: \"رواته صح\". وفى م: \"لتعرف روايته\". وتقدم الكلام على مبشر بن عبيد في ١/ ٣٣٧.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤١١، والعلل ومعرفة الرجال لعبد الله بن أحمد ٢/ ٣٦٩ (٢٦٣٩).\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٨/ ١١. ووقع عند ابن عدى: عن محمد بن عوف قال: سمعت أحمد بن حنبل يقول: مبشر بن عبيد .. إلخ.","vol":"13","page":67},{"text":"أن أُغَيِّرَ وصيَّتِى هَذِهِ (^١).\nورُوِى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: يُغَيِّرُ الرَّجُلُ ما شاءَ مِنَ الوَصيَّةِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: إذا أوصَى الرَّجُلُ فإِنَّه يُغَيِّرُ وصيَّتَه ما شاءَ. فقيلَ له: العَتاقَةُ؟ قال: العَتاقَةُ وغَيرُ العَتاقَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2785>بابُ المَرَضِ الَّذِى تَجوزُ فيه الأَعطيَةُ</span>\nقَد مَضى في حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ: عادَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ مِن وجَعٍ أشفَيتُ مِنه على المَوتِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في وصيَّتِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٧٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: رأيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قبلَ أن يُصابَ بأيّامٍ بالمَدينَةِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في طَعنِه قال: فاحتُمِلَ إلَى بَيتِه فانطَلَقنا مَعَه، قال: فقائلٌ يقولُ: لا بأسَ. وقائلٌ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥١. وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٣٦).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٧٩)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٣٧٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٢٥)، وسنن الدارمى (٣٢٥٤، ٣٢٥٦).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٣٠).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٦٦٤٣، ١٢٦٩١ - ١٢٦٩٦).","vol":"13","page":68},{"text":"نَخافُ عَلَيه. فأُتِى بنَبيذٍ فشَرِبَه، فخَرَجَ مِن جُرحِه، ثُمَّ أُتِى بلَبَنٍ فشَرِبَه، فخَرَجَ مِن جُرحِه، فعَرَفوا أنَّه مَيِّتٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في وصيَّتِه وفِى أمرِ الشّورَى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2786>بابُ ما جاءَ في وصيَّةِ الصَّغيِر</span>\n\n١٢٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أن عمرَو بنَ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه قيلَ لِعُمَرَ ابنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّ هاهُنا غُلامًا يَفاعًا لَم يَحتَلِمْ مِن غَسّانَ ووارِثُه بالشّامِ، وهو ذو مالٍ ولَيسَ له هاهُنا إلَّا ابنَةُ عَمٍّ له. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: فليوصِ لَها. فأوصَى لَها بمالٍ يُقالُ له: بئرُ جُشَمَ. قال عمرُو بنُ سُلَيمٍ: فبِعتُ ذَلِكَ المالَ بثَلاثينَ ألفًا، وابنَةُ عَمِّه التى أوصَى لَها هِى أُمُّ عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن شُرَيحٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ أنَّهُما أجازا وصيَّةَ الصَّغيرِ وقالا: مَن أصابَ الحَقَّ أجَزناه (^٤). والشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ عَلَّقَ جَوازَ وصيَّتِه وتَدبيرِه بثُبوتِ الخَبَرِ فيها عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٥)، والخَبَرُ مُنقَطِعٌ، فعَمرُو بنُ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىُّ لَم يُدرِكْ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٣٢٠، ٧١٦٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٠٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٦٠٨٧)، ومالك ٢/ ٧٦٢، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٦/ ٣٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦١٤١٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (٤٣٠)، والدارمى (٣٣٣٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٤١٣ - ١٦٤١٥)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٤٣٢ - ٤٣٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٧٢، ٣١٣٧٣، ٣١٣٧٧ - ٣١٣٧٩)، وسنن الدارمى (٣٣٢٧ - ٣٣٢٩، ٣٣٣٢).\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٦٠٨٦).","vol":"13","page":69},{"text":"عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، إلَّا أنَّه ذَكَرَ في الخَبَرِ انتِسابَه إلَى صاحِبَةِ (^١) القِصَّةِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2787>بابُ وصيَّةِ العَبدِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ (^٢)، عن جُندُب قال: سألَ طَهمانُ ابنَ عباسٍ: أيوصِى العَبدُ؟ قال: لا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2788>بابُ الأوصياءِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الغَفّارِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: أوصَى إلَى الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ، والمِقدادُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، ومُطيعُ بنُ الأسوَدِ - ﵃ -، وقالَ لِمُطيعٍ: لا أقبَلُ وصيَّتَكَ. فقالَ له مُطيعٌ: أنشُدُكَ اللهَ والرَّحِمَ، واللهِ ما أتَّبِعُ في ذَلِكَ إلَّا رأى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -؛ إنِّى سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لَو تَرَكتُ تَرِكَةً أو عَهِدتُ عَهدًا إلَى أحَدٍ لَعَهِدتُ إلَى الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ؛ إنَّه رُكنٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"صاحب\".\n(^٢) في س: \"عزقدة\"، وفى م: \"عرقدة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٩٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٤٦٥) من طريق شعيب به، وفيه: أن جندبا هو الذى سأل ابن عباس.","vol":"13","page":70},{"text":"أركانِ الدّينِ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن أبى عُمَيسٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: أوصَى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ فكَتَبَ: إنَّ وصيَّتِى إلَى اللهِ وإِلَى الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ، وإِلَى ابنِه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وإِنَّهُما في حِلٍّ وبِلٍّ (^٢) فيما وَليا وقَضَيا في تَرِكَتِى، وإِنَّه لا تُزَوَّجُ امرأةٌ مِن بَناتِى إلَّا بإِذنِهِما لا تُحضَنُ عن ذَلِكَ زَينَبُ (^٣). قَولُه: لا تُحضَنُ. يَعنِى لا تُحجَبُ عنه، ولا يُقطَعُ دونَها. قالَه أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2789>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ تَركَ الدُّخولِ في الوَصايا لِمَن يَرَى مِن نَفسِه ضَعفًا</span>\n\n١٢٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ الخَولانِىُّ بمِصرَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ القُرَشِىِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى سالِمٍ الجَيشانِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى ذَرٍّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٥) من طريق على بن مسهر به. والطبرانى (٢٣٢) من طريق هشام مقتصرًا على قول عمر. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ١٥١: إسناده حسن.\n(^٢) حل وبل: أى حلال. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٩٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٥٩، والحاكم ٣/ ٣١٤ من طريق أبى العميس به. وعند ابن سعد: يحجر. وعند الحاكم: يخص.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١١١.","vol":"13","page":71},{"text":"إنِّى أَراكَ ضَعيفًا، وإنِّى أُحِبُّ لَكَ ما أُحِبُّ لِنَفسِى، لا تأمَّرَنَّ على اثنَينِ ولا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مالَ يَتيمٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الدّورِىِّ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2790>بابُ مَن اختارَ (^٣) الدُّخولَ فيها والقيامَ بكَفالَةِ اليَتامَى لِمَن يَرَى مِن نَفسِه قوَّةً وأمانَةً</span>\n\n١٢٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ ابنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السَّاعِدِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنا وكافِلُ اليَتيمِ في الجَنَّةِ كَهاتَينِ\". وقالَ بإصبَعِه السَّبّابَةِ والَّتِى تَليها (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٥).\n\n١٢٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٤٥٤) عن الحاكم عن أبى العباس عن إبراهيم به. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٦٦٩) عن العباس بن محمد به. وتقدم في (٥٤١٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٢٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"أحب\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٢٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٥١٥)، والترمذى (١٩١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٦٠) من طريق ابن أبى حازم به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٢٠) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٠٠٥).","vol":"13","page":72},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أنا وكافِلُ اليَتيمِ له ولِغَيرِه؛ إذا اتَّقَى اللهَ، في الجَنَّةِ كَهاتَينِ\". وأشارَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بإصبَعِه الوُسطَى والَّتِى تَلِى الإبهامَ (^١).\n\n١٢٧٨٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ يَرفَعُه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"السّاعِى على الأرمَلَةِ والمِسكينِ كالمُجاهِدِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ، أو كالَّذِى يَصومُ النَّهارَ ويَقومُ اللَّيلَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا مُرسَلًا عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى صَفوانُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن امرأةٍ يُقالُ لَها: أُنَيسَةُ. عن أُمِّ سعيدٍ بنتِ مُرَّةَ الفِهرِىِّ، عن أبيها، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أنا وكافِلُ اليَتيمِ له أو لِغَيرِه في الجَنَّةِ كَهاتَينِ\". وأشارَ سفيانُ بإِصبَعَيهِ. قال الحُمَيدِىُّ: قيلَ لِسُفيانَ: فإِنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يقولُ: إنَّ سُفيانَ أصوَبُ في هذا الحديثِ مِن مالكٍ. قال سفيانُ: وما يُدريه، أدرَكَ صَفوانَ؟ قالوا: لا، ولَكِنَّه قال: إنَّ مالكًا قالَه عن صَفوانَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، وقالَه سفيانُ عن أُنَيسَةَ عن أُمِّ سعيدٍ بنتِ مُرَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٤٨، وعنه ابن المبارك في الزهد (٦٥٣).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (١٩١٥)، وبرواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٥٩)، وبرواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ٢٢ و- مخطوط). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٦٩) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٠٦).","vol":"13","page":73},{"text":"عن أبيها، فمِن أينَ جاءَ بهَذا الإسنادِ؟ فقالَ سفيانُ: ما أحسَنَ ما قال، لَو قال لَنا صَفوانُ: عطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ. كان أهوَنَ عَلَينا [مِن أن] (^١) يَجِئَ بهَذا الإسنادِ الشَّديدِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣) الدّيلِىِّ، عن أبى الغَيثِ مَولَى ابنِ مُطيعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"السّاعِى على الأرمَلَةِ والمِسكينِ كالمُجاهِدِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ\". قال القَعنَبِىُّ: وأحسِبُه قال: \"كالقائمِ لا يَفتُرُ، وكالصّائمِ لا يُفطِرُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2791>بابُ الإثمِ في أكلِ مالِ اليَتيمِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"ص\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"من أين خ ر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٢٣)، وفى الشعب (١١٠٢٨)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٠٦، ٧٠٧، والحميدى (٨٣٨)، ومن طريقه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٣٣)، والحارث (٩٠٧ - بغية)، وابن قانع في معجمه ٣/ ٥٨.\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٦: \"يزيد\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٦٠)، وبرواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ٢٢ و- مخطوط). ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٩٦٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٥٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤٥) من طريق القعنبى به. وأحمد (٨٧٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٢١٤٠) من طريق ثور به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٠٠٧)، ومسلم (٢٩٨٢/ ٤١).","vol":"13","page":74},{"text":"الأوَيسِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى الغَيثِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اجتَنِبوا السَّبعَ المُوبِقاتِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ وما هُنَّ؟ قال: \"الشِّركُ باللهِ، والسِّحرُ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ التى حَرَّمَ اللهُ إلَّا بالحَقِّ، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وأكلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ، والتَّوَلِّى يَومَ الزَّحفِ، وقَذفُ الغافِلاتِ المُؤمِناتِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأوَيسِىِّ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2792>بابٌ: والى اليَتيمِ يأكُلُ مِن مالِه -إذا كان فقيرًا مَكانَ قيامِه عَلَيه- بالمَعروفِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ، أخبَرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ٦] أنَّها نَزَلَت في والِى اليَتيمِ إذا كان فقيرًا، أن يأكُلَ مِنه مَكانَ قيامِه عَلَيه بالمَعروفِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٦٥٨). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٦٢) من طريق الأويسى به. وسيأتى في (١٥٩٤٨، ١٧٢١١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٦٦، ٦٨٥٧)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٥٦١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٩/ ١٤٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٠٩٧، ١١٠٩٨).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢١٢)، ومسلم (٣٠١٩/ ...).","vol":"13","page":75},{"text":"١٢٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ أن خالِدَ بنَ الحارِثِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى فقيرٌ لَيسَ لِى شَيءٌ ولِى يَتيمٌ. قال: فقالَ: \"كُلْ مِن مالِ يَتيمِكَ غَيرَ مُسرِفٍ ولا مُبادِرٍ ولا مُتأثِّلٍ (^١) \".\n\n١٢٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ عَونٍ، أخبَرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِم بنِ محمدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: يا أبا عباسٍ، إنَّ لِى إبِلًا وأنا أمنَحُ مِنها وأُفقِرُ (^٣)، وفِى حَجرِى يَتيمٌ ولَه إبِلٌ، فما يَحِلُّ لِى مِن إبِلِ يَتيمِى؟ قال: إن كُنتَ تَبغِى ضالَّةَ إبِلِه، وتَهنأُ جَرباها، وتَلوطُ حياضَها (^٤)، وتَسعَى عَلَيها، فاشرَبْ غَيرَ مُضرٍّ بنَسلٍ ولا ناهِكٍ (^٥) في حَلبٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) التأثل: اتخاذ أصل مال. وتأثل مالًا: اكتسبه واتخذه وثمره. لسان العرب ١٣/ ٨ (أ ث ل). والحديث عند أبى داود (٢٨٧٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٦٧٠) من طريق خالد به. وأحمد (٧٠٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١٨) من طريق عمرو به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٩٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في ز: \"يوسف\".\n(^٣) المنيحة تقدم تفسيرها في (٧٨٦١). والإفقار تقدم تفسيره في (٧٨٦٤).\n(^٤) تهنأ: تقدم تفسيره في (١١١٠١). وتلوط: تطين. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٥) ناهك: مبالغ حتى يضر بها الحلب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٤٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه الحسن بن على بن عفان في الأمالى والقراءة (٨) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وتقدم في (١١١٠١).","vol":"13","page":76},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ البُيوعِ عن عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ في قَضاءِ ما أكَلَ مِنه إذا أيسَرَ (^١). وهو قَولُ عَبيدَةَ ومُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وأبِى العاليَةِ (^٢).\nوروّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ: لا يَقضيه (^٢). واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2793>بابُ مُخالَطَةِ اليَتيمِ في الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبَرَنا جَريرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَمّا أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٢] و﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠] انطَلَقَ مَن كان عِندَه يَتيمٌ، فعَزَلَ طَعامَه مِن طَعامِه، وشَرابَه مِن شَرابِه، فجَعَلَ يَفضُلُ الشَّئُ مِن طَعامِه وشَرابِه فيُحبَسُ حَتَّى يأكُلَه أو يَفسُدَ، فاشتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٠] فخَلَطوا طَعامَهُم بطَعامِهِم، وشَرابَهُم بشَرابِهِم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١١٠٦، ١١١٠٧).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم عقب (١١١٠٧).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٣ وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٧١) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم في (١٠٤٥٦).","vol":"13","page":77},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2794>بابُ ما جاءَ في تأديبِ اليَتيمِ</span>\n\n١٢٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ موسَى، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ في حَجرِى يَتيمًا، فأضرِبُه؟ قال: \"ما كُنتَ ضارِبًا فيه ولَدَكَ\". قال: أفآكُلُ؟ قال: \"بالمَعروفِ غَيرَ مُتأثِّلٍ مالًا ولا واقٍ مالَكَ بمالِه\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا، وهو ضَعيفٌ قَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في كِتابِ البُيوعِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمد (^٣) بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَربُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن أبى رَجاءٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: رَحِمَ اللهُ رَجُلًا اتَّجَرَ (^٤) على يَتيمٍ بلَطمَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٤٩ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٢٥ - عن سفيان به. وتقدم في (١١١٠٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٠٩٩).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"أبو بكر\".\n(^٤) اتَّجر هنا بمعنى تصدق، قال المصنف كما سيأتى في (١٩٢٤٦): \"قوله: اتجروا أصله: ائتجروا على وزن: افتعلوا يريد الصدقة التى يبتغى أجرها وليس من باب التجارة\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٦٣) عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا في كتاب العيال (٦٢٨) من طريق عوف به.","vol":"13","page":78},{"text":"١٢٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِى عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن شُمَيسَة قالَت: سألتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن أدَبِ اليَتيمِ قالَت: إنِّى لأضرِبُ أحَدَهُم حَتَّى يَنبَسِطَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2795>بابُ ما يَجوزُ لِلوَصِىِّ أن يَصنَعَه في أموالِ اليَتامَى</span>\nقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ والبُيوعِ عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وعن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِن قَولِه: ابتَغوا في أموالِ اليَتامَى، لا تَستَهلِكْها الصَّدَقَةُ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - كان مَعَه مالُ يَتيمٍ فكانَ يُزَكّيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المبارك في البر والصلة (٢٠٩)، ومن طريقه ابن أبى الدنيا في العيال (٦٢٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٠١)، والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٤٢)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٦٩٤/ ٦٩٥ - مسند عمر)، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٤٥٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤١٣، ١١٠٨٦).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٤١٥، ١١٠٨٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٣٠٦) من طريق حبيب به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٤١٧ - ٧٤١٩).","vol":"13","page":79},{"text":"١٢٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، ويَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، وعَبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ أبى المُخارِقِ، كُلُّهُم يُخبِرُه عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - تُزَكِّى أموالَنا، وإِنَّها لَيُتَجَرُ بها في البحرَينِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كانَت تكونُ عِندَه أموالُ يَتامَى فيَستَسلِفُها ليَحوزَها (^٢) مِنَ الهَلاكِ، وهو يُخرِجُ زَكاتَها مِن أموالِهِم (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ صِلَةَ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ عبدَ اللهِ -يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ- وأتاه رَجُلٌ مِن هَمْدانَ على فرَسٍ أبلَقَ فقالَ: إنَّ رَجُلًا أوصَى إلَىَّ وتَرَكَ يَتيمًا، أفأشتَرِى هذا الفَرَسَ أو فرَسًا آخَرَ مِن مالِه؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: لا تَشتَرِ شَيئًا مِن مالِهِ. وفِى الكِتابِ: لا تَشتَرِ شَيئًا مِن مالِه، ولا تَستَقرِضْ شَيئًا مِن مالِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٠٨٩).\n(^٢) في م: \"ليحرزها\".\n(^٣) أمالى عبد الرزاق (١١١ - رواية أبى محمد السكرى). وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٦٩٧، ١١٠٩٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٠٩٢).","vol":"13","page":80},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2796>بابُ مَنِ احتاطَ فأوصَى بقَضاءِ دُيونِهِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٠٤ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، أخبَرَنا الشيخُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا أبو مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: لَمّا حَضَرَ قِتالُ أُحُدٍ، دَعانِى أبى مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: إنِّى لا أُرانِى إلَّا مَقتولًا في أوَّلِ مَن يُقتَلُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وإِنِّى واللهِ ما أدَعُ أحَدًا بَعدِى أعَزَّ علىَّ مِنكَ بعدَ نَفسِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وإِنَّ علىَّ دَينًا فاقضِ عَنِّى دَينِى، واستَوصِ بأخَواتِكَ خَيرًا. قال: فأصبَحنا فكانَ أوَّلَ قَتيلٍ، فدَفَنتُه مَعَ آخَرَ في قَبرٍ، ثُم لَم تَطِبْ نَفسِى أن أترُكَه مَعَ آخَرَ في قَبرٍ، فاستَخرَجتُه بعدَ سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ فإِذا هو كَيَومِ وضَعتُه غَيرَ أُذُنِهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَليلُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ البُستِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ المُظَفَّرِ البَكرِىُّ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ أبى خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حدثنا غَسّانُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ في آخِرِه: كَيَومِ دَفَنتُه إلَّا هُنَيَّةً عِندَ رأسِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٠٣ وقال: صحيح على شرط مسلم. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٥٦) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وتقدم في (٧١٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٠/ ٤٥٧ من طريق ابن أبى خيثمة به. وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٦٢) من طريق غسان بن مضر به مختصرًا.","vol":"13","page":81},{"text":"١٢٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ مَقتَلِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وفيها: عن عُمَرَ قال: يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، انظُرْ ما علىَّ مِنَ الدَّينِ. فحَسَبوه فوَجَدوه ثَمانينَ ألفًا أو نَحوَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إن وفَى له مالُ آلِ عُمَرَ فأدِّه مِن أموالِهِم، وإِلَّا فسَلْ في بَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، فإِن لَم تَفِ أموالُهُم فسَلْ في قُرَيشٍ ولا تَعدُهُم إلَى غَيرِهِم، فأدِّ عَنِّى هذا المالَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَوّارٍ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ الطَّرَسوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: لَمّا وقَفَ الزُّبَيرُ يَومَ الجَمَلِ، دَعانى فقُمتُ إلَى جَنبِه فقالَ: يا بُنَىَّ، إنَّه لا يُقتَلُ اليَومَ إلَّا [ظالِمًا أو مَظلومًا] (^٣)، وإِنِّى أُرانى سأُقتَلُ اليَومَ مَظلومًا، وإِنَّ مِن أكبَرِ هَمِّى لَدَيْنِى، أفَتَرَى دَينَنا يُبقِى مِن مالِنا شَيئًا؟ يا بُنَىَّ، بِعْ مالَنا واقضِ دَينى -وأوصَى بالثُّلُثِ، وثُلُثِ الثُّلُثِ لِبَنِى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ- فإِن فضَلَ مِن مالِنا بعدَ قَضاءِ الدَّينِ شَيءٌ فثَلِّثْه لِوَلَدِكَ. قال هِشامٌ: وكانَ بَعضُ ولَدِ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩١٧) من طريق أبو عوانة به. وتقدم في (٥٣٢٠، ٧١٦٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٠٠).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ. وعند البخارى وابن سعد: \"ظالم أو مظلوم\".","vol":"13","page":82},{"text":"قَد وازَى بَعضَ بَنِى الزُّبَيرِ؛ خُبَيبٌ وعَبّادٌ. قال: ولَه يَومَئذٍ سَبعُ بَناتٍ. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: فجَعَلَ يوصينِى بدَينِه ويَقولُ: يا بُنَىَّ إن عَجَزتَ عن شَئٍ مِنه فاستَعِنْ بمَولاى. قال: فواللهِ ما دَرَيتُ ما أرادَ حَتَّى قُلتُ: يا أبَه، مَن مَولاكَ؟ قال: اللهُ. قال: فواللهِ ما وقَعتُ في كُربَةٍ مِن دَينِه إلَّا قُلتُ: يا مَولَى الزُّبَيرِ اقضِ عنه. فيَقضيه. قال: وقُتِلَ الزُّبَيرُ ولَم يَدَعْ دينارًا ولا دِرهَمًا إلَّا أرَضينَ، مِنها الغابَةُ وأحَدَ عَشَرَ دارًا بالمَدينَةِ ودارَينِ بالبَصرَةِ ودارًا بالكوفَةِ ودارًا بمِصرَ. قال: وإِنَّما كان دَينُه الَّذِى عَلَيه مِنَ الدَّينِ أن الرَّجُلَ كان يأتيه بالمالِ فيَستَودِعُه إيّاه فيَقولُ الزُّبَيرُ: لا، ولَكِن هو سَلَفٌ إنِّى أخشَى عَلَيه الضَّيعَةَ، وما ولِى إمارَةً قَطُّ ولا جِبايَةً ولا خَراجًا ولا شَيئًا قَطُّ إلَّا أن يَكونَ في غَزوَةٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أو مَعَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ -. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: فحَسَبتُ ما عَلَيه مِنَ الدَّينِ فوَجَدتُه ألفَى ألفٍ ومِائَتَى ألفٍ. قال: فلَقِى حَكيمُ بنُ حِزامٍ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى، كَم على أخِى مِنَ الدَّينِ؟ قال: فكَتَمَه وقالَ: مِائَةُ ألفٍ. قال: حَكيمٌ: ما أُرَى أموالَكُم تَسَعُ لِهَذِه. قال: فقالَ له عبدُ اللهِ: أفَرأيتَكَ إن كان ألفَى ألفٍ ومِائَتَى ألفٍ؟ قال: ما أُراكُم تُطيقونَ هذا، فإِن عَجَزتُم عن شَئٍ مِنه فاستَعينوا بِى (^١). قال: وكانَ الزُّبَيرُ اشتَرَى الغابَةَ بسَبعينَ ومِائَةِ ألفٍ، وباعَها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ بألفِ ألفٍ وسِتِّمِائَةِ ألفٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ فقالَ: مَن كان له على الزُّبَيرِ دَينٌ فليوافينا بالغابَةِ. قال: فأتاه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، وكانَ له على الزُّبَيرِ أربَعُمِائَةِ ألفٍ فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فاستعينونى\".","vol":"13","page":83},{"text":"لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ: إن شِئتُم تَرَكناها لَكُم. قال عبدُ اللهِ: لا. قال: فإِن شِئتُم جَعَلتُموها فيما تُؤَخِّرونَ إن أخَّرتُم شَيئًا. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: لا. قال: فاقطَعوا لِى قِطعَةً. قال عبدُ اللهِ: لَكَ مِن هاهُنا إلَى هاهُنا. قال: فباعَها مِنه، فقَضَى دَينَه فأوفاه وبَقِى مِنها أربَعَةُ أسهُمٍ ونِصفٌ. قال: فقَدِمَ على مُعاويَةَ وعِندَه عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، والمُنذِرُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، وابنُ زَمعَةَ فقالَ له مُعاويَةُ: كَم قُوِّمَتِ الغابَةُ؟ قال: سِتَّمِائَةِ ألفٍ. أو قال: كُلُّ سَهمٍ مِائَةَ ألفٍ. قال: كَم بَقِى؟ قال: أربَعَةُ أسهُمٍ ونِصف. قال المُنذِرُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: قَد أخَذتُ سَهمًا بمِائَةِ ألفٍ. وقالَ عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ: قَد أخَذتُ سَهمًا بمِائَةِ ألفٍ. وقالَ ابنُ زَمعَةَ: قَد أخَذتُ سَهمًا بمِائَةِ ألفٍ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: كَم بَقِى؟ قال: سَهمٌ ونِصفٌ. قال: قَد أخَذتُه بمِائَةِ ألفٍ وخَمسينَ ألفًا. قال: وباعَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ نَصيبَه مِن مُعاويَةَ بسِتِّمِائَةِ ألفٍ، فلَمّا فرَغَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ مِن قَضاءِ دَينِه، قال بَنو الزُّبَيرِ: اقسِمْ بَينَنا ميراثَنا. قال: لا واللهِ، لا أقسِمُ بَينَكُم حَتَّى أُنادِى بالمَوسِمِ أربَعَ سِنينَ: ألا مَن كان له على الزُّبَيرِ دَينٌ فليأتِنِى فلنَقضِه. قال: فجَعَلَ كُلَّ سنةٍ يُنادِى بالمَوسِمِ، فلَمّا مَضَى أربَعُ سِنينَ، قَسَمَ بَينَهُم ميراثَهُم. قال: وكانَ لِلزُّبَيرِ أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ، ورَفَعَ الثُّلُثَ فأصابَ كُلُّ امرأةٍ مِنهُنَّ ألفَ ألفٍ ومِائَتَى ألفٍ، فجَميعُ مالِه خَمسونَ ألفَ ألفٍ ومِائَتا ألفٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٠٨، ١٠٩، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٨٨١٠) عن أبى أسامة به بنحوه، وعند ابن أبى شيبة إلى قوله: فحسبت ما عليه من الدين.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٢٩)، وفيه: تسعة بنين وتسع بنات. بدلًا من: سبع بنات.","vol":"13","page":84},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2797>بابُ ما جاءَ في كِتابِ الوَصيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبَرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ زُنبورٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ ابنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كانوا يَكتُبونَ في صُدورِ وصاياهُم: هذا ما أوصَى به فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ؛ أوصَى أنَّه يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وأن محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، وأن السّاعَةَ آتيَةٌ لا رَيبَ فيها، وأن اللهَ يَبعَثُ مَن في القُبورِ. وأوصَى مَن تَرَكَ بَعدَه مِن أهلِه أن يَتَّقوا اللهَ حَقَّ تُقاتِه، وأن يُصلِحوا ذاتَ بَينِهِما، ويُطيعوا اللهَ ورسولَه إن كانوا مُؤمِنينَ، وأوصاهُم بما وصَّى به إبراهيمُ بَنيه ويَعقوبُ: ﴿يَابَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ١٣٢].\n\n١٢٨٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: كانَت وصيَّةُ ابنِ سيرينَ: ذِكرُ ما أوصَى به محمدُ بنُ أبى عَمْرَةَ بَنيه وبَنِى أهلِه، أن يَتَّقوا اللهَ، ويُصلِحوا ذاتَ بَينِهِما، وأن يُطيعوا اللهَ ورسولَه إن كانوا مُؤمِنينَ، وأوصاهُم بما أوصَى به إبراهيمُ بَنيه ويَعقوبُ: ﴿يَابَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ وأوصاهُم ألا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٣٢٦) عن فضيل بن عياض به. وعبد الرزاق عقب (١٦٣١٩)، والدارمى (٣٢٢٧) من طريق هشام به. وينظر المدونة لسحنون ٦/ ١٣.","vol":"13","page":85},{"text":"يَدَعوا أن يَكونوا إخوانَ الأنصارِ ومَواليَهم، فإِنَّ العَفافَ والصِّدقَ أتقَى وأكرَمُ مِنَ الزِّنى والكَذِبِ، وأوصاهُم فيما تَرَكَ: إن حَدَثَ بى حَدَثٌ قبلَ أن أُغَيِّرَ وصيَّتِى (^١).\n\n١٢٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبَرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَيّانَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: كَتَبَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ خُثَيمٍ وصيَّتَه: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذا ما أوصَى الرَّبيعُ بنُ خُثَيمٍ، وأَشْهَدَ اللهَ عَلَيه، وكَفَى باللهِ شَهيدًا، وجازيًا لِعِبادِه الصَّالِحينَ مُثيبًا، إنِّى رَضِيتُ باللهِ رَبًّا، وبِالإسلامِ دينًا، وبِمُحَمَّدٍ - ﷺ - نَبيًّا، وإِنِّى آمُرُ نَفسِى ومَن أطاعَنِى أن نَعبُدَ اللهَ في العابِدينَ، ونَحمَدَه في الحامِدينَ، وأن نَنصَحَ لِجَماعَةِ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٧/ ٢٠٥ عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وسحنون في المدونة ٦/ ١٢، ١٣، وابن زبر في وصايا العلماء ص ٩٠ من طريق ابن عون به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٥٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٢٣٠) عن جعفر بن عون به. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٢٠)، وسنن سعيد ابن منصور (٣٢٧)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣٥٨٥١)، والزهد لأحمد ص ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦، ووصايا العلماء لابن زبر ص ٧١.","vol":"13","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2798>كِتابُ الوديعةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2799>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّرغيبِ في أداءِ الأماناتِ</span>\n\n١٢٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّكُم راعٍ ومَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه؛ الإمامُ راعٍ وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، والرَّجُلُ في أهلِه راعٍ وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، والمَرأةُ في بَيتِ زَوجِها راعيَةٌ وهِى مَسئولَةٌ عن رَعيَّتِها، والخادِمُ في مالِ سَيِّدِه راعٍ وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه\". قال: فسَمِعتُ هَؤُلاءِ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأحسِبُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"والرَّجُلُ في مالِ ابنِه راعٍ وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، وكُلُّكُم راعٍ ومَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨١٢ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الحَنَفِىُّ ﵀، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَطَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن بشران (١٠٠ - مجموع أجزاء حديثية). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٢٦) عن أبى اليمان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧٣) من طريق شعيب به. وابن حبان (٤٤٩٠) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٠٩)، وعنده: مال أبيه. بدلًا من: مال ابنه. ومسلم (١٨٢٩) عقب (٢٠).","vol":"13","page":87},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلاثٌ مَن كُنَّ فيه فهو مُنافِقٌ، وإن صامَ وصَلَّى وزَعَمَ أنَّه مسلمٌ، مَن (^١) إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإذا اؤتُمِنَ خانَ، وإذا وعَدَ أخلَفَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ وأبو نَصرٍ التَّمّارُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نَصرٍ التَّمّارِ وعَبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ أبى عامِرٍ أبو سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"آيَةُ المُنافِقِ ثَلاثٌ؛ إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإذا وعَدَ أخلَفَ، وإذا اؤتُمِنَ خانَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ ويَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ز، ص ٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٥٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٥٢٥٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٧) من طريق أبى نصر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٩/ ١١٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٥٦٩). وسيأتى في (٢٠٨٥٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٣٣)، ومسلم (٥٩/ ١٠٧).","vol":"13","page":88},{"text":"١٢٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قَلَّما خطَبَنا نَبيُّنا - ﷺ - أو قال: النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إلَّا قال في خُطبَتِه: \"لا إيمانَ لِمَن لا أمانَةَ له، ولا دينَ لِمَن لا عَهدَ له\" (^١).\n\n١٢٨١٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبَرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ فِراسٍ المالِكِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عمرٍو، عن المُطَّلِبِ ابنِ حَنطَبٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اضمَنوا لِى ستًّا مِن أنفُسِكُم أضمَنْ لَكُمُ الجَنَّةَ، اصدُقوا إذا حَدَّثتُم، وأوفوا إذا وعَدتُم، وأدّوا إذا اؤتُمِنتُم، واحفَظوا فُروجَكُم، وغُضّوا أبصارَكُم، وكُفّوا أيديَكُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن زاذانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: القَتلُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ يُكَفِّرُ كُلَّ ذَنبٍ إلَّا الأمانَةَ، يُؤتَى بصاحِبِها وإِن كان قُتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ، فيُقالَ له: أدِّ أَمانَتَكَ. فيَقولُ: رَبِّ ذَهَبَتِ الدُّنيا، فمِن أينَ أُؤَدّيها؟ فيَقولُ: اذهَبوا به إلَى الهاويَةِ. حَتَّى إذا أُتِى به إلَى قَرارِ الهاويَةِ، مَثُلَت له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٧) من طريق أبى هلال به.\n(^٢) حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣٥٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٧٥٧)، وابن حبان (٢٧١). قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٤٥١: إسناده صالح.","vol":"13","page":89},{"text":"أمانَتُه كَيَومِ دُفِعَت إلَيه، فيَحمِلُها على رَقَبَتِه يَصعَدُ بها في النّارِ، حَتَّى إذا رأى أنَّه خَرَج مِنها، هَوَت وهَوَى في أثَرِها أبَدَ الآبِدينَ. وقَرأ عبدُ اللهِ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ (^١) [النساء: ٥٨].\n\n١٢٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ دُلافٍ (^٢)، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: لا تَنظُروا إلَى صَلاةِ أحَدٍ ولا إلَى صيامِه، ولَكِنِ انظُروا إلَى مَن إذا حَدَّثَ صَدَقَ، وإِذا اؤتُمِنَ أدَّى، وإِذا أشفَى ورعَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: لا يَغُرَّنَّكَ صَلاةُ رَجُلٍ ولا صيامُه، مَن شاءَ صامَ ومَن شاءَ صلَّى، ولَكِن لا دينَ لِمَن لا أمانَةَ لَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٢٢). وأخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٩١٧)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٥٥١٢)، وأبو بكر الدينورى في المجالسة (١٧٠١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في ص ٦، م: \"لاث\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٧٢.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ١٨ و- مخطوط). وأخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٤٨٨٨) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ٧٣ من طريق عمر بن عبد الرحمن به. ومعنى: إذا أشفى ورع: إذا أشرف على معصية كف. النهاية ٥/ ١٧٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٥٢٨٠). وأخرجه محمد بن نصر المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٤٩٦) من=","vol":"13","page":90},{"text":"١٢٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ ابنُ العباسِ العَقَبِىُّ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ إسحاقَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ أبى كِلابٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وهو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ يقولُ: لا يُعجِبْكُم (^١) مِنَ الرَّجُلِ طَنطَنَتُه (^٢)، ولَكِنَّه مَن أدَّى الأمانَةَ وكَفَّ عن أعراضِ النّاسِ فهو الرَّجُلُ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبَرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: أوَّلُ ما تَفقِدونَ مِن دينِكُمُ الأمانَةُ، وآخِرُ ما تَفقِدونَ الصَّلاةُ، وسَيُصَلِّى أقوامٌ لا دينَ لَهُم (^٤).\n_________\n= طريق هشام به.\n(^١) في ص ٦: \"يعجبنكم\".\n(^٢) الطنطنة: كثرة الكلام. التاج ٣٥/ ٣٥٨ (ط ن ن).\n(^٣) الزهد لابن المبارك (٦٩٥)، ومن طريقه ابن أبى الدنيا في مكارم الأخلاق (٢٧٠)، وأبو الشيخ في التوبيخ والتنبيه (١٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٥٩٨١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٩٧ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٨٤٥)، ونعيم ابن حماد في الفتن (١٦٨٥)، وابن أبى الدنيا في مكارم الأخلاق (٢٧٤)، والطبرانى (٨٦٩٩)، وأبو عمرو الدانى في السنن الواردة في الفتن (٢٧٢)، والحاكم ٤/ ٥٠٤ من طريق عبد العزيز بن رفيع به، وقال: صحيح الإسناد.","vol":"13","page":91},{"text":"١٢٨٢٢ - وفيما رَوَى زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَكّائىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ ابنِ يَسارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَن لا أتَّهِمُ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ في هِجرَةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: وأمَرَ -تَعنِى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ- عَليًّا - ﵁ - أن يَتَخَلَّفَ عنه بمَكَّةَ، حَتَّى يُؤَدِّى عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الوَدائعَ التى كانَت عِندَه لِلنّاسِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٢٣ - وعن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عُوَيمِ بنِ ساعِدَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رِجالُ قَومِى مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في خُروجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال فيه: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأقامَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ ثلاثَ لَيالٍ وأيّامَها، حَتَّى أدَّى عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الوَدَائعَ التى كانَت عِندَه لِلنّاسِ، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ مِنها لَحِقَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). وَهَذا فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه أن أبا الوَليدِ الفقيهَ أخبَرَهُم (^٣)، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا زيادٌ. فذَكَرَهُما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2800>بابٌ: لا ضَمانَ على مُؤتَمَنٍ</span>\n\n١٢٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا [أبو حازِمٍ] (^٤) الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه،\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٤٩٢، ٤٩٣.\n(^٢) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٤٨٤، ٤٨٥.\n(^٣) بعده في س، ز، ص ٦: \"قال\".\n(^٤) في ز: \"أبو عبد الله\".","vol":"13","page":92},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شِهابٍ، عن حَجَّاجِ ابنِ أرطاةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - قَضَى في وديعَةٍ كانَت في جِرابٍ فضاعَت مِنْ خَرقِ الجِرابِ، أن لا ضَمانَ فيها (^١).\n\n١٢٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبَرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن عَليًّا وابنَ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ - قالا: لَيسَ على مُؤتَمَنٍ ضَمانٌ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن شُرَيحٍ: لَيسَ على المُستَودَعِ غَيرِ المُغِلِّ ضَمانٌ (^٣).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n١٢٨٢٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحَجَبِيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا ضَمانَ على مُؤتَمَنٍ\" (^٤). ورَوَى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٦٢) من طريق حجاج به أن أبا بكر كان لا يُضَمِّن الوديعة.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٠١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٥٧٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٥٩٧).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤١.","vol":"13","page":93},{"text":"قال: \"مَنِ استُودِعَ وديعَةً فلا ضَمانَ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٢٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ النَّجارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أسباطٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حَنَشٍ أن رَجُلَينِ استَودَعا امرأةً مِن قُرَيشٍ مِائَةَ دينارٍ على ألَّا تَدفَعَها إلَى واحِدٍ مِنهُما دونَ صاحِبِه حَتَّى يَجتَمِعا، فأتاها أحَدُهُما فقالَ: إنَّ صاحِبِى توُفِّى فادفَعِى إلَيَّ المالَ. فأبَت فاختَلَفَ إلَيها ثلاثَ سِنينَ، واستَشفَعَ عَلَيها (^٢) حَتَّى أعطَته، ثم إنَّ الآخَرَ جاءَ فقالَ: أعطِنِى الَّذِى لِى. فذَهَبَ بها إلَى عُمَرَ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: هَل بَيِّنَةٌ؟ قال: هِى بَيِّنَتِى. فقالَ: ما أظُنُّكِ إلَّا ضامِنَةً. قالَت: أسألُكَ يا أبا فُلانٍ أن تَرفَعَنا إلَى ابنِ أبى طالِبٍ. فأتَوه وهو يُطَيِّنُ حَوضًا له في بُستانٍ وهو مُتَّزِزٌ بكِساءٍ، فقَصّوا عَلَيه القِصَّةَ فقالَ: ائتِنِى بصاحِبِكَ وإِلَىَّ مَتاعَكَ.\n\n١٢٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ قالا: أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ضَمَّنَه وديعَةً سُرِقَت مِن بَيتِ مالِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٤٠١) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٨٤٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ لضعف المثنى والراوى عنه.\n(^٢) في ز: \"إليها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (٩٧٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٧٦٩) من طريق قتادة به، دون ذكر بيت ماله.","vol":"13","page":94},{"text":"خَنْبٍ، أخبَرَنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ قال: قال يَحيَى: حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ - رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ - أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ حَدَّثَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - غَرَّمَه بِضاعَةً كانَت مَعَه فسُرِقَت أو ضاعَت، فغَرَّمَها إيّاه عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطاب رَضِى اللَّهُ تَعالَى عَنه.\nقال الشيخُ: يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه كان فرَّطَ فيها فضَمَّنَها إيّاه بالتَّفريطِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٨٣٠ - وقَد أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يونُسَ القَوِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: استَودِعتُ مالًا فوَضَعتُه مَعَ مالِي، فهَلَكَ مِن بَينِ مالِي، فرُفِعتُ إلَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّكَ لأمينٌ في نَفسِي، ولَكِن هَلَكَت مِن بَينِ مالِكَ. فضُمِّنتُه (^١).\n\n١٢٨٣١ - أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ ابنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ في الرَّجُلِ يودَعُ الوَديعَةَ فيُحَركُها؛ يأخُذُ بَعضَها، قال: كان يقولُ: إذا حَرَّكَها فقَد ضَمِنَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٤٧) من طريق الشعبى أن عمر. بنحوه. وينظر المصدر نفسه (٢١٧٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٩١) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"13","page":95},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2801>كتابُ قَسْمِ الفَيْءِ والغنيمةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2802>بابُ بَيانِ مَصرِفِ الغَنيمَةِ في الأُمَمِ الخاليَةِ إلَى أن أحَلَّها اللَّهُ تَعالى لِمحَمَّدٍ - ﷺ - ولأُمَّتَهِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٣٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبَرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ الَّله - ﷺ -: \"لَم تَحِلَّ الغَنائمُ لِمَن كان قَبلَنا؛ ذَلِكَ بأنَّ اللهَ رأى ضَعفَنا وعَجزَنا فطَيَّبها لَنا\" (^١).\n\n١٢٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ ابنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"غَزا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الأنبياءِ فقالَ لِلقَومِ: لا يَتبَعْنِى رَجُلٌ قَد كان مَلَكَ بُضعَ (^٢) امرأةٍ وهو يُريدُ أن يَبْنِى بها ولمَّا يَبنِ، ولا آخَرُ قَد بَنَى بناءً له ولمَّا يَرفَعْ سُقُفَها، ولا آخَرُ قَدِ اشتَرَى غَنَمًا أو خَلِفات (^٣) وهو يَنتَظِرُ وِلادَها. فغَزا فدَنا مِنَ القَريَةِ حينَ صَلَّى العَصرَ أو قَريبًا مِن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ لِلشَّمسِ: أنتِ مأمورَةٌ وأنا مأمورٌ، اللَّهمَّ احبِسْها علَيَّ شَيئًا. فحُبِسَت عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٠٠) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) البضع: يطلق على الفرج والتزويج والجماع. قال ابن حجر: والمعانى الثلاثة لائقة هنا. فتح البارى ٦/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٣) الخلفات: النوق الحوامل. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٢/ ٥١.","vol":"13","page":97},{"text":"حَتَّى فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيه\". قال: \"فجَمَعوا ما غَنِموا، فأقبَلَتِ النَّارُ لِتأكُلَه فأبَت أن تَطعَمَه، فقالَ: فيكُم غُلولٌ، فلْيُبايِعْنِى مِن كُلِّ قَبيلَة رَجُلٌ. فبايَعوه فلَصِقَت يَدُ رَجُلٍ بيَدِه، فقالَ: فيكُمُ الغُلولُ، فلتُبايِعْنِى قَبيلَتُكَ. فبايَعَت قَبيلَتُه فلَصِقَ يَدُ رَجُلَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ فقالَ: فيكُمُ الغُلولُ، أنتُم غَلَلتُم\". قال: \"فأخرَجوا له مِثلَ رأس بَقَرَةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فوَضَعوه في المالِ وهو بالصَّعيدِ، فأقبَلَتِ النّارُ فأكَلَت. فلَم تَحِلَّ الغَنائمُ لأحَدٍ مِن قَبلِنا، ذَلِكَ بأنَّ اللَّهَ رأى ضَعفَنا وعَجزَنا فطَيَّبَها لَنَا\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن مَعمَرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِع عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحاضِرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَم تَحِلَّ الغَنائمُ لِقَومٍ سودِ الرُّءوسِ قَبلَكُم، كانَت تُجمَعُ فتَنزِلُ نارٌ مِنَ السَّماءِ فتأكُلُها\". فلَمّا كان يَومُ بَدرٍ أسرَعَ النّاسُ في الغَنائمِ، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (٦٨) فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٨ - ٦٩]. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ مُحاضِرٍ:\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٤٩٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٣٨)، وابن حبان (٤٨٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٢٤)، ومسلم (٣٢/ ١٧٤٧).","vol":"13","page":98},{"text":"وإِنَّه لما كان يَومُ بَدرٍ أغاروا فيها قبلَ أن تَحِلَّ لَهم، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿. وزادَ في آخِرِه: فأُحِلَّت لَهم. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٢٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُعطيتُ خَمسًا لَم يُعطَهُنَّ أحَدٌ قَبلى؛ كان كُلُّ نَبيٍّ يُبْعَثُ إلَى قَومِه خاصَّةً، وبُعِثتُ إلَى كُلِّ أحمَرَ وأسوَدَ، وأُحِلَّت لِى المَغانِمُ (^٢) ولَم تُحَلَّ لأحَدٍ قَبلي، وجُعِلَت لِى الأرضُ طَيبَةً (^٣) طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، وأيُّما رَجُل أدرَكَته الصلاةُ صَلَّى حَيثُ كان، ونُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ بَينَ يَدَىْ مَسيرَةِ شَهرٍ، وأُعطيتُ الشَّفاعَةَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن هُشَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٠٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والترمذى (٣٠٨٥)، وابن حبان (٤٨٠٦) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) في س، ز: \"الغنائم\".\n(^٣) في م: \"طيبًا\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٣١، ٣٨٥٠، ٤٣٢١).\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٣٨)، ومسلم (٥٢١/ ١).","vol":"13","page":99},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2803>بابُ بَيانِ مَصرِفِ الغَنيمَةِ في ابتِداءِ الإسلامِ وأنَّها كانَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَضَعُها فيمَن يَراه مِمَّن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ وممَّن لَم يَشهَدْها حَتَّى نَزَلَ قَولُه ﷿: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]. فكانَ الخُمُسُ لأهلِ الخُمُسِ، وأربَعَةُ أخماسِها لمن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ</span>\n\n١٢٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ سنةَ سَبعٍ وثَلاثينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِي، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: نَزَلَت فيَّ أربَعُ آياتٍ؛ أصَبتُ سَيفًا يَومَ بَدرٍ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، نَفِّلْنِيه. فقالَ: \"ضَعْه مِن حَيثُ أخَذتَه\". ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، نَفِّلْينِه. فقالَ: \"ضَعْه مِن حَيثُ أخَذتَه\". [ثم قلتُ] (^١): يا رسول اللهِ، نَفِّلنِيه، واجعَلنِى كَمَن لا غَناءَ له. قال: \"ضَعْه مِن حَيثُ أخَذتَه\". قالَ: ونَزَلَت ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [الأنفال: ١] إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وقالَ: أَأُجعَلُ (^٣) كَمَن لا غَناءَ لَه (^٤)؟!\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز، ص ٦، م: \"فقلت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٤)، وابن حبان (٦٩٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٦٩٦)، وما سيأتى في (١٧٤٠٢، ١٧٨٩١).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٦، م: \"أجعل\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٤/ ١٧٤٨).","vol":"13","page":100},{"text":"١٢٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ وعُثمانُ ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: جِئتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ بَدرٍ بسَيفٍ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ اللهَ قَد شَفَى صَدرِى اليَومَ مِنَ العَدوِّ، فهَبْ لِى هذا السَّيفَ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ هذا السَّيفَ لَيسَ لِى ولا لَكَ\". فذَهَبتُ وأنا أقولُ: يُعطاه اليَومَ مَن لَم يُبلِ بَلائى. فبَينا أنا إذْ جاءَنِى الرَّسولُ فقالَ: أجِبْ. فظَنَنتُ أنَّه قَد نَزَلَ فيَّ شَيءٌ مِن كَلامِي، فجِئتُ فقالَ لِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكَ سألتَنِى هذا السَّيفَ ولَيسَ هو لِى ولا لَكَ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَد جَعَلَه لِي، فهو لَكَ\". ثُمَّ قرأ ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ بَقِيَّةَ الواسِطِيُّ، أخبَرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"مَن فعَلَ كَذا وكَذا فلَه مِنَ النَّفَلِ كَذا وكَذا\". قال: فتَقَدَّمَ الفِتيانُ ولَزِمَ المَشيَخَةُ الرّاياتِ فلَم يَبرَحُوها، فلَمَّا فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم قالَتِ المَشيَخَةُ: كُنَّا رِدْءًا لَكُم لَوِ انهَزَمتُم فِئتُم إلَينا، فلا تَذهَبوا بالمَغنَمِ ونَبقَى. فأبَى الفِتيانُ وقالوا: جَعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَنا.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٠)، والترمذى (٣٠٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١٩٦) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به.","vol":"13","page":101},{"text":"فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎ ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ١ - ٥] يقولُ: فكانَ ذَلِكَ خَيرًا لَهُم، وكَذَلِكَ أيضًا فأطيعونِى فإِنِّى أعلمُ بعاقِبَةِ هذا مِنكُم (^١).\n\n١٢٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عِمرانَ التُّستَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، زادَ: فقَسَمَها بَينَهُم بالسَّواءِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى الأشدَقِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ قال: سألتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ عن الأنفالِ قال: فينا أصحابَ بَدرٍ نَزَلَت، وذَلِكَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ الْتَقَى النّاسَ ببَدرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امرِئٍ ما أصابَ، وكُنَّا أثْلاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقاتِلونَ العَدوَّ ويأسِرونَ، وثُلُثُّ يَجمَعونَ النَّفَلَ، وثُلُثٌ قيامٌ دونَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخشَونَ عَلَيه كَرَّةَ العَدوِّ حَرَسًا له، فلَمَّا وُضعَتِ (^٣) الحَربُ قال الَّذينَ أصابوا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣١، ١٣٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٣٧) عن وهب بن بقية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٣٩) من طريق يحيى بن زكريا به.\n(^٣) ضبطت في الأصل بفتح الواو وضمها.","vol":"13","page":102},{"text":"النَّفَلَ: هو لَنا. وقَد كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امرِئٍ ما أصابَ، وقالَ الَّذينَ كانوا يَقتُلونَ ويأسِرونَ: واللَّهِ ما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنّا، لَنَحنُ شَغَلْنا عَنكم القَومَ وخَلَّينا بَينَكُم وبَينَ النَّفَلِ، فما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنّا. وقالَ الَّذينَ كانوا يَحرُسونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: واللَّهِ ما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنّا، لَقَد رأينا أن نَقتُلَ الرِّجالَ حينَ مَنَحونا أكتافَهُم ونأخُذَ النَّفَلَ لَيسَ دونَه أحَدٌ يَمنَعُه، ولَكِنّا خَشِينا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كَرَّةَ العَدوِّ فقُمنا دونَه، فما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنّا. فلَمّا اختَلَفنا وساءَت أخلاقُنا انتَزَعَه اللَّهُ مِن أيدينا، فجعَلَه إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقَسَمَه على النّاسِ عن بَواءٍ (^١)، فكانَ في ذَلِكَ تَقوَى اللَّهِ وطاعَتُه وطاعَةُ رسولِه - ﷺ - وصَلاحُ ذاتِ البَينِ، يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ (^٢).\nورَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بمَعناه (^٣) مَعَ تَقصيرٍ في إسنادِه وقالَ: فقَسَمَه على السَّواءِ لَم يكنْ فيه يَومَئذٍ خُمُسٌ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ لسِّجزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ جَهضِمٍ الخُراسانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية ص ٦: \"بواء أى سواء\". ا هـ. وينظر النهاية ١/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٦ وصححه، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٤٢، ٦٦٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٤٧، ٢٢٧٥٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٢٦ من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"13","page":103},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ الأشدَقِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ أنَّه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى بَدرٍ فلَقِى العَدوَّ، فلَمّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبعَهُم طائفَةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينِ يَقتُلونَهُم، وأحدَقَت طائفَةٌ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، واستَولَت طائفَةٌ بالعَسكَرِ، فلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ العَدوَّ ورَجَعَ الَّذينَ قَتَلوهُم قالوا: لَنا النَّفَلُ، نَحنُ الذين (^١) قَتَلنا العَدوَّ وبِنا نَفاهُمُ اللهُ وهَزَمَهُم. وقالَ الَّذينَ كانوا أحدَقوا برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: واللهِ ما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنَّا، هو لَنا، نَحنُ أحدَقنا برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، لا يَنالُ العَدوُّ مِنه غِرَّةً. وقالَ الَّذينَ استَولَوْا على العَسكَرِ: واللهِ ما أنتُم بأحَقَّ به مِنَّا، نَحنُ استَولَينا على العَسكَرِ. فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾. فقَسَمَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَهُم عن فواقٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ وشَيبانُ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال لِرَجُلٍ: أمّا قَولُكَ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٥٥) من طريق محمد بن جهضم به بنحوه.\nوقوله: عن فواق - بضم الفاء وفتحها -: أى قسمها في قدر فواق ناقة، وهو ما بين الحلبتين من الراحة، وقيل: أراد التفضيل في القسمة كأن جعل بعضهم أفوق من بعض على قدر غنائهم وبلائهم. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٧٩.","vol":"13","page":104},{"text":"سألتَنِى عنه: أشَهِدَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - بَدرًا؟ فإِنَّه شُغِلَ بابنَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بسَهمِه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ. وأخبرَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّاب، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ في \"مغازى رسول اللَّه - ﷺ - \"، في تَسميةِ مَن شَهِدَ بَدرًا، ومَن تَخَلَّفَ عنه فضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَهمِه: عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ تَخَلَّفَ على امرأتِه رُقيَّةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وكانَت وجِعَةً، فتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيها حَتَّى تُوُفّيَتْ يَومَ قَدِمَ أهلُ بَدرٍ المَدينَةَ، فضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَهمِه. قال: وأَجْرِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وأجرُكَ\". قال: وقَدِمَ طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشّامِ بعدَما رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن بَدرٍ، فكَلَّمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَهمِه. فقالَ: \"لَكَ سَهمُكَ\". قال: وأجْرِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"وأجرُكَ\". وقَدِمَ سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣١١، والطيالسى (٢٠٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٧٢)، والترمذى (٣٧٠٦) من طريق أبى عوانة به مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٣٠، ٣٦٩٨) مختصرًا ومطولًا.","vol":"13","page":105},{"text":"الشّامِ بعدَ مَقدَمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن بَدرٍ فكَلَّمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَهمِه، فقالَ: \"لَكَ سَهمُكَ\". قال: وأجْرِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وأجرُكَ\". وأبو لُبابَةَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى بَدرٍ فرَجَعَه وأمَّرَه على المَدينَةِ، وضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه مَعَ أصحابِ بَدرٍ، وخَوَّاتُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفراءَ، فأصابَ ساقَه حَجَرٌ فرَجَعَ، فضرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَهمِه، وعاصِمُ بنُ عَدِى خَرَجَ - زَعَموا - مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرَدَّه فرَجَعَ مِنَ الرَّوحاءِ، فضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه، والحارِثُ بنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بالرَّوحاءِ، فضَرَبَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بسَهمِهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، وحَديثُ عُروةَ بمَعناه، وزادَ في حَديثِ عُروةَ: الحارِثُ بنُ حاطِبٍ رَدَّه وضَرَبَ له بسَهمِهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدُوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في سورَةِ \"الأنفالِ\" قَولِه: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾. قال: الأنفالُ المَغانِمُ، كانَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خالِصَةً لَيسَ لأحَدٍ مِنها شَيءٌ، ما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٦، ١٨٩، ٣٣٨) - وعنه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٦٠، ٥٥٢) - والحاكم ٣/ ٣٦٨، ٤٣٨ من طريق محمد بن عمرو بن خالد به. وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٩/ ٣٥ من طريق عمرو بن خالد به. وعند الطبرانى وابن عساكر بذكر عثمان وطلحة وسعيد. وعند أبى نعيم والحاكم بذكر طلحة وسعيد. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٢١/ ٦٣، ٢٥/ ٦٧، ٣٩/ ٣٣، ٣٥ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به، بذكر سعيد بن زيد وطلحة وعثمان، وسيأتى في (١٨٠٤٤). وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٨٤: وهو مرسل حسن الإسناد؛ لأن عروة لَمْ يدرك عثمان.","vol":"13","page":106},{"text":"أصابَ سَرايا المُسلِمينَ أتَوه به، فمَن حَبَسَ مِنه إبرَةً أو سِلكًا فهو غُلولٌ، فسألوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُعطيَهُم مِنها، قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ﴾ قل: الأنفالُ لِى جَعَلتُها لِرسولِى لَيسَ لَكُم فيها شَيءٌ ﴿فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾. ثُمَّ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾. ثُمَّ قُسِمَ ذَلِكَ الخُمُسُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولِذِى القُربَى - يَعنِى قَرابَةَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - واليَتامَى والمَساكينِ والمُجاهِدينَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، وجُعِلَ أربَعَةُ أخماسٍ (^١) بينَ النّاسِ، النّاسُ فيه سَواءٌ؛ لِلفَرَسِ سَهمانِ ولِصاحِبِه سَهمٌ، ولِلرَّاجِلِ سَهم (^٢). كَذا وقَعَ في الكِتابِ: والمُجاهِدينَ. وهو غَلَطٌ إنَّما هو ابنُ السَّبيلِ.\n\n١٢٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أخبَرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَوذَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أصابَ غَنيمَةً أمَرَ بلالًا فنادَى في النّاسِ، فيَجيئونَ بغَنائمِهِم، فيُخَمِّسُها ويَقسِمُها، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ بعدَ ذَلِكَ بزِمامٍ مِن شَعَرٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هذا فيما كُنَّا أصَبناه مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ. فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"الغنيمة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٣١١، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ١٩، ٢٠، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٥٣ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"13","page":107},{"text":"\"أسَمِعتَ بلالًا نادَى ثَلاثًا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما مَنَعَكَ أن تَجِئَ به؟ \". فاعتَذَرَ، فقالَ: \"كُنْ أنتَ تَجِئُ به يَومَ القيامَةِ فلَن أقبَلَه عَنكَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2804>بابُ وُجوبِ الخُمُسِ في الغَنيمَةِ والفَئِ، ومَن قال: لا تُخَمَّسُ الجِزيَةُ وما في مَعناها</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ [الحشر: ٦، ٧].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: والغَنيمَةُ والفَئُ يَجتَمِعانِ في أنَّ فيهِما مَعًا الخُمُسَ مِن جَميعِهما لمن سَمَّاه اللهُ له في الآيَتَينِ مَعًا (^٢). وقالَ في القَديمِ: إنَّما يُخَمَّسُ ما أُوجِفَ عَلَيهِ.\n\n١٢٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى جَمْرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: إنَّ وفدَ عبدِ القَيسِ لما قَدِموا عَلِى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧١٢)، والسير للفزارى ص ٢٣٤، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٨٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٩٦) من طريق عبد الله بن شوذب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٥٩).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٤٠)، والأم ٤/ ١٣٩.","vol":"13","page":108},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ممَّنِ القَومُ؟ \". قالوا: مِن رَبيعَةَ. قال: \"مَرحَبًا بالوَفدِ غَيرَ الخَزايا ولا النَّدامَى\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّا حَيٌّ مِن رَبيعَةَ، وإِنَّا نأتيكَ مِن شُقَّةٍ بَعيدَةٍ، وإِنَّه يَحولُ بَينَنا وبَينَكَ هذا الحَيُّ مِن كُفّارِ مُضَرَ، وإِنّا لا نَصِلُ إلَيكَ إلَّا في [شَهرٍ حَرامٍ] (^١)؛ فمُرنا بأمرٍ فَصْلٍ نَدعو إلَيه مَن وراءَنا ونَدخُلُ به الجَنَّةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"آمُرُكُم بأربَعٍ وأنهاكُم عن أربَعٍ؛ آمُرُكُم بالإيمانِ باللهِ وحدَه، أتَدرونَ ما الإيمانُ باللَّهِ؟ شَهادَةُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ، وِإقامُ الصَّلاةِ، وإيتاءُ الزَّكاةِ، وصَومُ رَمَضانَ، وأن تُعطُوا مِنَ المَغانِمِ الخُمُسَ، وأنهاكُم عن أربَع، عن الدُّبّاءِ والحَنتَمِ والنَّقيرِ والمُزَفَّتِ - ورُبَّما قال: والمُقَيَّرِ (^٢) - فاحفَظوهُنَّ وادعُوا إلَيهِنّ مَن وراءَكُمْ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ ابنِ الجَعدِ عن شُعبَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ ناصِرُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبَرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الشهر الحرام\".\n(^٢) الدباء: القرع، والمراد اليابس منه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٥، والحنتم: الجرار الخضر. والنقير: أصل النخلة ينقر فيتخذ منه وعاء. والمزفت: ما طلى بالزفت. والمقير: ما طلى بالقار، ويقال له: القير، وهو نبت يحرق إذا يبس تطلى به السفن وغيرها. ينظر فتح البارى ١/ ١٣٤.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤، والطيالسى (٢٨٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٠) - وعنه أبو داود (٤٦٧٧) - وابن خزيمة (٣٠٧)، وابن حبان (١٧٢) من طريق شعبة به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٩٧٠) وما سيأتى في (١٢٨٧٦).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣)، ومسلم (١٧/ ٢٤).","vol":"13","page":109},{"text":"عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبَرَنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه (^١).\n\n١٢٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ مُنازِلٍ التَّيمِيُّ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ الأَوْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ (^٢) بنُ أبى كَريمَةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ ابنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ أباه جَدَّ مُعاويَةَ إلَى رَجُلٍ أعرَسَ بامرأةِ أبيه فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه وخَمَّسَ مالَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عائذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنِي فيما حدَّثَه ابنٌ لِعَديِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ الكِندِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ أن مَن سألَ عن مَواضِعِ الفَئِ فهو ما حَكَمَ فيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فرآه المُؤمِنُونَ عَدلًا موافِقًا لِقَولِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الحقَّ على لِسانِ عُمَرَ وقَلبِه\". فرَضَ الأَعْطِيَةَ، وعَقَدَ لأَهْلِ الأديانِ ذِمَّةٌ بِمَا فرَضَ عَلَيهِم مِنَ الجِزيَةِ، لَم يَضرِبْ فيها بخُمُسٍ ولا مَغنَمٍ (^٤). رِوايَةُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مُنقَطِعَةٌ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (١٢٨٧).\n(^٢) في ز: \"خلف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٢٤)، وابن ماجة (٢٦٠٨) من طريق ابن منازل به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٤٦٠: رواه يوسف بن منازل التميمى عن ابن إدريس هكذا، ورواه ابن راهويه عن ابن إدريس مرسلًا، وفى النسخة: خلف، وصوابه: خالد بن أبى كريمة. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٩٢٢): هذا إسناد صحيح رجاله ثقات.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩٦١). وسيأتى في (١٣٠٩٩).","vol":"13","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2805>بابُ بَيانِ مَصرِفَ أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الفَئِ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأنَّها كانَت له خاصَّةً دونَ المُسلِميِن يَضَعُها حَيثُ أراه اللَّهُ ﷿</span>\n\n١٢٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُيَينَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّه سَمِعَ مالكَ بنَ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - والعباسُ وعَلِيُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵄ - يَختَصمانِ إلَيه في أموالِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: كانَت أموالُ بَنِى النَّضيرِ ممّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ على رسولِه ممّا لَم يُوجِفْ عَلَيه المُسلِمونَ بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ، فكانَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خالِصًا دونَ المُسلِمينَ، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُنفِقُ مِنها على أهلِه نَفَقَةَ سنةٍ، فما فضلَ جَعَلَه في الكُراعِ (^١) والسِّلاحِ عُدَّةً في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ توُفِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فوَلِيَها أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ - بمِثلِ ما ولِيَها به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ وليتُها بمِثلِ ما وَليَها به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ -، ثُمَّ سألتُمانِى أن أوَلّيَكُماها فوَلَّيتُكُماها على أنَّ تَعمَلا فيها بمِثلِ ما وَلِيَها به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ وَلِيَها به أبو بكرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُها به؛ فجِئتُمانِى تَختَصِمانِ، أتُريدانِ أن أدفَعَ إلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنكُما نِصفًا؟ أتُريدانِ مِنِّى قَضاءً؟ أتُريدانِ (^٢) غَيرَ ما قَضَيتُ به بَينَكُما أوَّلًا؟ فلا والَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّمَواتُ والأرضُ لا أقضِى بَينَكُما قَضاءً غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، فإِن عَجَزتُما عَنها فادفَعاها إلَىَّ\n_________\n(^١) الكراع: اسم لجميع الخيل. النهاية ٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"منى\".","vol":"13","page":111},{"text":"أَكْفِيكُماها. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: فقالَ لِي سفيانُ: لَم أسمَعْه مِنَ الزُّهرِيِّ ولَكِن أخبَرَنيه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ. قُلتُ: كما قَصَصتَ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: ومَعنَى قَولِ عُمَرَ: لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً. يُريدُ ما كان يَكونُ لِلمُوجِفينَ، وذَلِكَ أربَعَةُ أخماسِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: بَينَما أنا جالِسٌ في أهلِى حينَ مَتَعَ (^٤) النَّهارُ إذ أتَى رسولُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقالَ: أجِبْ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فانطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَدخُلُ عَلَيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه في مُحاوَرَةِ عليٍّ وعباسٍ - ﵄ - فقالَ عُمَرُ: أنا أُحَدِّثكُم عن هذا الأمرِ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ خَصَّ رسولَه بشَئٍ مِن هذا الفَئِ لَم يُعطِه أحَدًا غَيرَه. ثُمَّ قرأ ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾. حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ فكانَت هَذِه خاصَّةً\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٩٤١). والشافعى ٤/ ١٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١)، وأبو داود (في ٢٩٦)، والترمذى (١٧١٩)، والنسائي (٤١٥١)، وابن حبان (٦٣٥٧) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٠٤)، ومسلم (١٧٥٧/ ٤٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٣٩.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٦، م: \"تمتع\". ومَتَعَ النهارُ: إذا طال وامتد وتعالى. النهاية ٤/ ٢٩٣.","vol":"13","page":112},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ما احتازَها دونَكُم، ولا استأثَرَ بها عَلَيكُم، ولَكِن أعطاكُموها، وبَثَّها فيكُم حَتَّى بَقِى مِنها هذا المالُ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُنفِقُ مِنها على أهلِه سَنَتَهُم مِن هذا، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ ما بَقِى فيَجعَلُه مَجعَلَ مالِ اللَّهِ، فعَمِلَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَياتَه. وذَكَرَ باقِى الحديثِ (^١)، ثُمَّ قال أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ عن مالكِ بنِ أوسٍ [نَحوَ هذا الحديثِ (^٣). قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أوسٍ]\n(^٢) أن عُمَرَ قال فيما يَحتَجُّ به: كان لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةُ صَفايا، بَنو النَّضيرِ وخَيبَرُ وفَدَكٌ؛ فأمّا بَنو النَّضيرِ فكانَت حُبسًا لِنَوائبِه، وأمّا فدَكٌ فكانَت لابنِ السَّبيلِ، وأمّا خَيبَرُ فجَزّأها ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ؛ فقَسَمَ مِنها جُزأَينِ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، وحَبَسَ جُزءًا لِنَفسِه ونَفَقَةِ أهلِه، فما فضَلَ عن نَفَقَةِ أهلِه رَدَّه على فُقَراءِ المُهاجِرينَ (١).\n\n١٢٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾ قال: صالَحَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أهلَ فدَكٍ وقُرًى قَد سَمّاها لا أحفَظُها، وهو مُحاصِرٌ قَومًا آخَرينَ فأرسَلوا إلَيه بالصُّلحِ، قال: ﴿فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾ يقولُ: بغَيرِ قِتالٍ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: وكانَت بَنو النَّضيرِ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - خالِصًا لَم يَفتَحُوها عَنوَةً، افتَتَحوها على صُلحٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يحيى بن آدم (٨٧)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٥٠٣، وأبو داود (٢٩٦٧) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٣٥٠٠). وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٧١).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٥٢١) من طريق محمد بن المنكدر بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":113},{"text":"فقَسَمَها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بَينَ المُهاجِرينَ لَم يُعطِ الأنصارَ مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا رَجُلَينِ كانَت بهِما حاجَةٌ (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبَرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قال لِى إبراهيمُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ محمدٍ: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبى حُذَيفَةَ ابنِ حُذَيفَةَ قال: أخبرَنِي عَمِّى زيادُ بنُ صَيفِىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه صُهَيبِ بنِ سِنانٍ قال: لما فتحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَنِى النَّضيرِ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَيه: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ﴾ وكانَت لِلنَّبِى - ﷺ - خاصَّةً فقَسَمَها لِلمُهاجِرينَ وأعطَى رَجُلَينِ (^٣) مِنَ الأنصارِ، سَهلَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ وابنَ عبدِ المُنذِرِ يَعنِى أبا لُبابَةَ، وأعطَى أبا بكرٍ، وأعطَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ بئرَ حَزمٍ، وأعطَى صُهَيبًا، وأعطَى سَهلَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ وأبا دُجانَةَ مالَ الأخَوينِ، وأعطَى عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ البِئرَ وهو الَّذِى يُقالُ له مالُ سُلَيمانَ، وأعطَى الزُّبَيرَ البِئرَ - ﵃ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٧١). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣٦).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٣٣)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠٠٤). وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٩٥).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٦، ز، م: \"منها\".\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٤/ ٣١٥.","vol":"13","page":114},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2806>بابُ بَيانِ مَصرِفِ أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الفَئِ بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأنَّها تُجعَلُ حَيثُ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَجعَلُ فُضولَ غَلَّاتِ تِلكَ الأموالِ مما فيه صَلاحُ الإسلامِ وأهلِه، وأنَّها لَم تكنْ مَوروثَةً عَنهُ</span>\n\n١٢٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ هارونَ الأزدِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ [محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ] (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، أن مالكَ ابنَ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ حَدَّثَه قال: أرسَلَ إلَيَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فجِئتُه حينَ تَعالَى النَّهارُ. قالَ: فوجَدتُه في بَيتِه جالِسًا على سَريرٍ، مُفضيًا إلَى رُمَالِه (^٢)، مُتَّكِئًا على وِسادَةٍ مِن أدَمٍ، فقالَ لِى: يا مال (^٣) إنَّه قَد دَفَّ (^٤) أهلُ أبياتٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بن محمد بن إسماعيل\".\n(^٢) رماله بضم الراء وكسرها، أى رمال السرير، وهو ما ينسج من سعف النخل ونحوه ليضطجع عليه. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٣) يا مال: ترخيم مالك، وقد قرئ في الشاذ: ﴿ونادوا يا مال﴾. وفيها وجهان: إذا رخمت مالكا فتكسر اللام إشعارًا بالمحذوف، والوجه الثانى رفعها كأن الكلمة باقية كلها. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٧٧.\n(^٤) الدف: السير ليس بالشديد. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٩٠.","vol":"13","page":115},{"text":"مِن قَومِكَ، وقَد أمَرتُ فيهِم برَضخٍ (^١) فخُذْه فاقسِمْه بَينَهُم. فقُلتُ: لَو أمَرتَ بهَذا غَيرِى؟ قال: خُذْه يا مال. قال: فجاءَ يَرْفا، فقالَ: هَل لَكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ في عثمانَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عوفٍ والزُّبَيرِ وسَعدٍ؟ قال عُمَرُ: نَعَم، فأْذَنْ لَهُم. فدَخَلوا، ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في عباس وعَلِيٍّ؟ قال: نَعَم. فأذِنَ لَهُما، قال عباسٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ اقضِ بَينِى وبَينَ هذا [الكاذِبِ الآثِمِ الغادِرِ الخائنِ] (^٢). فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: أجَلْ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ فاقضِ بَينَهُم وأرِحْهُم. قال مالكُ ابنُ أوسٍ: فخُيِّلَ إلَيَّ أنَّهُم كانوا قَدَّموهُم لِذَلِكَ. قال عُمَرُ: أَنشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ المَواتُ والأرضُ، أتَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ، وإن ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ قالوا: نَعَم. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على عباسٍ وعَلِيٍّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: أَنشُدُكُما باللهِ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّماءُ والأرضُ، أتَعلَمانِ (^٣) أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ، وإنَّ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ قالا: نَعَم. قال عُمَرُ: فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ كان خَصَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بخاصَّةٍ لَم يَخُصَّ بها أحَدًا غَيرَه، قال: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾. ما أدرِى: هَل قرأ الآيَةَ التى قَبلَها أم لا؟ قال: فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَكُمُ النَّضيرَ، فواللهِ ما استأثَرَ عَلَيكُم ولا أخَذَها دونَكُم، حَتَّى بَقِى هذا المالُ، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأخُذُ\n_________\n(^١) الرضخ: العطية القيلة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٩٧.\n(^٢) ليس في البخاري. وقال ابن حجر: هذه الألفاظ إن كانت محفوظة فتحمل على أنَّ العباس قالها دلالًا على عليّ لأنه بمنزلة الوالد منه. فتح البارى ٦/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"أتعلمون\".","vol":"13","page":116},{"text":"مِنه نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِه ثُمَّ يَجعَلُ ما بَقِى أُسوَةَ المالِ. ثُمَّ قال: أَنشُدُكُم باللَّهِ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّماءُ والأرضُ، أتَعلَمونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عباسًا وعَليًّا - ﵄ - بمِثلِ ما نَشَدَ به القَومَ: أتَعلَمانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قالا: نَعَم. قال: فلَمَّا توُفِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال أبو بكر: أنا ولِيُّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فجِئتُما؛ تَطلُبُ ميراثَكَ مِن ابنِ أخيكَ، ويَطلُبُ هذا ميراثَ امرأتِه مِن أبيها، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\". فرأيتُماه كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غادِرًا خائنًا، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ إنَّه لَصادِقٌ بارٌّ راشِدٌ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّى أبو بكرٍ فقُلتُ: أنا ولِيُّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ووَلِيُّ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فرأيتُمانِى كاذِبًا آثِمًا غادِرًا خائنًا، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ أنِّى صادِقٌ بارٌّ راشِدٌ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، فوَلِيتُها، ثُمَّ جِئتَنِى أنتَ وهَذا وأنتُما جَميعٌ وأمرُكُما واحِدٌ فقُلتُما: ادفَعْها إلَينا. فقُلتُ: إن شِئتُما دَفَعتُها إلَيكُما على أنَّ عَلَيكُما عَهدَ اللهِ أن تَعمَلا فيه بالَّذِى كان يَعمَلُ رَسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأخَذتُماها بذَلِكَ. فقالَ: أكَذَلِكَ؟ قالا: نَعَم. ثُمَّ جِئتُمانِى لأقضِى بَينَكُما، ولا واللَّهِ لا أقضِى بَينَكُما بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقومَ السّاعَةُ، فإِن عَجَزتُما عَنها فرُدّاها إلَيَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىِّ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٦٣)، والترمذى (١٦١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١٠) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩/ ١٧٥٧)، والبخارى (٣٠٩٤). وينظر المعلم ٣/ ١٧، وفتح البارى ٦/ ٢٠٦.","vol":"13","page":117},{"text":"الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: جاءَنِي رسولُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فأتَيتُه فقالَ: إنَّه قَد حَضَرَ في المَدينَةِ أهلُ أبياتٍ مِن قَومِكَ وقَد أمَرنا لَهُم برَضْخٍ، فخُذْهُ فاقسِمْه. فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ مُرْ به غَيرِى. قال: اقبِضْه أيُّها المرءُ. قال: فبَينا أنا على ذَلِكَ دَخَل عَلَيه مَولاه يَرْفَا فقالَ: هذا عثمانُ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ والزُّبَيرُ وسَعدٌ - ولا أدرِى أذَكَرَ طَلحَةَ أم لا - يَستأذِنونَ عَلَيكَ. قال: ائْذَنْ لَهُم. ثُمَّ مَكَثَ (^١) ساعَةً فقالَ: هذا العباسُ وعَلِيٌّ - ﵄ - يَستأذِنانِ عَلَيكَ. قال: فأذِنَ لَهُما فدَخَلا. قال: فقالَ العباسُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ اقضِ بَينِى وبَينَ هَذا. قال: فقالَ القَومُ: اقضِ بَينَهُما وأرِحْ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مِن صاحِبِه؛ فإِنَّهُما قَد طالَت خُصومَتُهُما. قال: وهُما حينَئذٍ يَختَصمانِ فيما أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ مِن أموالِ بَنِى النَّضيرِ. قال القَومُ: أجَل، اقضِ بَينَهُما وأرحْ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مِن صاحِبِه. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أَنشُدُكُم باللهِ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّمَواتُ والأرضُ، أتَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ فَقالَ القَومُ: نَعَم، قَد قال ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَيهِما فقالا مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنِّى سأُخبِرُكُم عن هذا المالِ؛ إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ خَصَّ نَبيَّه - ﷺ - بشَئٍ لَم يُعطِه غَيرَه، قال: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ. ثُمَّ قال: واللهِ ما حازَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دونَكُم ولا استأثَرَها عَلَيكُم؛ لَقَد قَسَمَها فيكُم وبَثَّها فيكُم حَتَّى بَقِى هذا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، ز: \"سكت\".","vol":"13","page":118},{"text":"المالُ، وكانَ يُنفِقُ على أهلِه مِنه سَنَتَه - ورُبَّما قال مَعمَرٌ: يَحبِسُ قوتَ أهلِه مِنه سنةً - ثُمَّ يَجعَلُ ما بَقِى مِنه مَجعَلَ مالِ اللهِ ﷿، فلَمّا توُفِّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال أبو بكرٍ: أنا ولِيُّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أعمَلُ فيها بما كان يَعمَلُ. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على عليٍّ والعباسِ - ﵄ - ثُمَّ قال: وأنتُما تَزعُمانِ أنَّه فيها ظالِمٌ، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ أنَّه فيها صادِقٌ بارٌّ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتُها بعدَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - سَنَتَينِ مِن إمارَتِي، ففَعَلتُ فيها بما عَمِلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ، وأنتُما تَزعُمانِ أنِّى فيها ظالِمٌ، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ أنِّى فيها صادِقٌ بارٌّ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئتُمانِى؛ جاءَنِى هذا - يَعنِى العباسَ - ﵁ - يَسألُنِى ميراثَه مِنِ ابنِ أخيه، وجاءَنِى هذا - يُريدُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - - يَسألُنِى ميراثَ امرأتِه مِن أبيها، فقُلتُ لَكُما: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\". ثُمَّ بَدا لِى أن أدفَعَها إلَيكُم، فأخَذتُ عَلَيكُما عَهدَ اللَّهِ وميثاقَه أن تَعمَلا فيها بما عَمِلَ فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ بَعدَه وأيَّامًا وَلِيتُها، فقُلتُما: ادفَعْها إلَينا على ذَلِكَ. فتُريدانِ مِنِّى قَضاءً غَيرَ هذا؟ والَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّماءُ والأرضُ لا أقضِى بَينَكُما فيها بقَضاءٍ غَيرِ هذا، إن كُنتُما عَجَزتُما عَنها فادفَعاها إلَيَّ. قال: فغَلَبَه عليٌّ - ﵁ - عَلَيها فكانَت بيَدِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -، ثُمَّ بيَدِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ حُسَينٍ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ حَسَنِ بنِ حَسَنٍ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ زَيدِ بنِ حَسَنٍ. قال مَعمَرٌ: ثُمَّ كانَت بيَدِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى ولِى، يَعنِى بَنِى العباسِ فقَبَضُوها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٧٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٢٥)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠٨). وسيأتى في (١٣٠٩٩).","vol":"13","page":119},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمَّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبَرَنا شُعَيبٌ (^٢)، عنِ الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ النَّصْرِيُّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - دَعاه بعدَما ارتَفَع النَّهارُ. قال: فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه، فإِذا هو جالِسٌ على رُمالِ سَريرٍ لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَ الرُّمالِ فِراشٌ، مُتَكِئًا على وِسادَةٍ مِن أَدَمٍ، - فقالَ: يا مالكُ، إنَّه قَد قَدِمَ مِن قَومِكَ أهلُ أبياتٍ حَضَروا المَدينَةَ، قَد أمَرتُ لَهُم (^٣) برَضْخٍ، فاقبِضه فاقسِمْه بَينَهُم. فقُلتُ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَو أمَرتَ بذَلِكَ غَيرِى؟ فقالَ: اقبِضْه أيُّها المَرءُ. فبَينا أنا عِندَه إذ جاءَ حاجِبُه يَرفَا فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في عثمانَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ والزُّبَيرِ وسَعدٍ (^٤) يَستأذِنونَ؟ قال: نَعَم. فأدْخَلَهُم، فلَبِثَ قَليلًا ثُمَّ جاءَه فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في عليٍّ والعباسِ يَستأذِنانِ؟ قال: نَعَم. فأذِنَ لَهُما، فلَمَّا دَخَلا قال عباسٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اقضِ بَينِى وبَينَ هذا - لِعَلِيٍّ - وهُما يَختَصِمانِ في انصرافِ الَّذِى أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه مِن أموالِ بَنِى النَّضيرِ، فقالَ الرَّهْطُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اقضِ بَينَهُما وأرحْ أحَدَهُما مِنَ الآخَرِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: اتَّئِدُوا، أُناشِدُكُم باللهِ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّماءُ والأرضُ، هَل تَعلمونَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٠/ ١٧٥٧).\n(^٢) في ز: \"شعبة\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٦: \"فيهم\".\n(^٤) في س: \"سعيد وعبد الله ﵃\".","vol":"13","page":120},{"text":"\"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\". يُريدُ نَفسَه؟ قالوا: قَد قال ذَلِكَ. فأقبَلَ عُمَرُ على عليٍّ وعباسٍ - ﵄ - فقالَ: أنشُدُكُما باللَّهِ، أتَعلَمانِ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال ذَلِكَ؟ قالا: نَعَم. قال: فإِنِّى أُحَدِّثكم عن هذا الأمرِ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ كان خَصَّ رسولَه - ﷺ - مِن هذا الفَئِ بشَئٍ لَم يُعطِه أحَدًا غَيرَه، فقالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ فكانَت هذه خالِصَةً لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فواللَّهِ ما احتازَها دونَكُم، ولا استأثَرَها عَلَيكُم، لَقَد أعطاكموها وبَثَّها فيكُم حَتَّى بَقِى مِنها هذا المالُ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُنفِقُ على أهلِه نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِم مِن هذا المالِ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ ما بَقِى فيَجعَلُه مَجعَلَ مالِ اللَّهِ، فعَمِلَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَياتَه، ثُمَّ توُفِّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: فأنا ولِيُّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقَبَضَه أبو بكرٍ فعَمِلَ فيه بما عَمِلَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأنتُم حينَئذٍ - وأقبَلَ على عليٍّ وعباسٍ - ﵄ - تَذكُرانِ أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فيه كما تَقولانِ، واللهُ يَعلَمُ إنَّه فيه لَصادِقٌ بارٌّ راشِدٌ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فقُلتُ: أنا ولِيُّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبِى بكرٍ - ﷺ -، فقَبَضتُه سَنَتَينِ مِن إمارَتِى أعمَلُ فيه بمِثلِ ما عَمِلَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وبِما عَمِلَ فيه أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وأنتُم حينَئذٍ - وأقبَلَ على عليٍّ والعباسِ - ﵄ - - تَذكُرانِ أنِّى فيه كما تَقولانِ، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ إنِّى فيه لَصادِقٌ راشِدٌ تابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ، ثُمَّ جِئتُمانِي كِلاكُما وكَلِمَتُكُما واحِدَةٌ وأمرُكُما جَميعٌ، فجِئتَنِى - يَعنِى عباسًا - فقُلتُ لَكُما: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صدَقَةٌ\". فلَمّا بَدا لِى أن أدفَعَه إلَيكُما قُلتُ: إن شِئتُما","vol":"13","page":121},{"text":"دَفَعتُه إلَيكُما على أنَّ عَلَيكُما عَهدَ اللهِ وميثاقَه لَتَعمَلانِ فيه بما عَمِلَ به فيه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وبِما عَمِلتُ به فيه مُنذُ وَليتُه وإِلَّا فلا تَكَلَّمانِ، فقُلتُما: ادفَعْه إلَينا بذَلِكَ. فدَفَعتُه إلَيكُما، أفَتَلتَمِسانِ مِنَى قَضاءً غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فواللهِ الَّذِى بإِذنِه تَقومُ الماءُ والأرضُ لا أقضِى فيه بقَضاءٍ غَيرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقومَ السَّاعَةُ، فإِن عَجَزتُما عنه فادفَعاه إلَيَّ فأنا أكفيكُماه (^١).\n\n١٢٨٥٧ - قال: فحَدَّثْتُ هذا الحديثَ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ: صَدَقَ مالكُ بنُ أوسٍ، أنا سَمِعتُ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: أرسَلَ أزواجُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عثمانَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ يَسألْنَه ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ: أنا أرُدُّهُنَّ عن ذَلِكَ. فقُلتُ لَهُنَّ: أَلا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ؟! ألَم تَعلَمْنَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"لا نُورَثُ\". يُريدُ بذَلك نَفسَه، \"ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ، إنَّما يأكلُ آلُ محمدٍ في هذا المالِ\"؟ فَانتَهَى أزواجُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى ما أخبَرَتْهُنَّ.\n\n١٢٨٥٨ - وكانَ أبو هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لا تَقتَسِمُ (^٢) ورَثَتِى شَيئًا؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\". فكانَت هذه الصَّدَقَةُ بيَدِ عليِّ ابنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - وطالَت فيها خُصومَتُهُما، فأبَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يَقسِمَها بَينَهُما حَتَّى أعرَضَ عَنها عباسٌ، ثُمَّ كانَت بعدَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - بيَدِ حَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ حُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ، ثُمَّ بيَدِ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ وحَسَنِ بنِ حَسَنٍ (^٣) كِلاهُما كانا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٧٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨١) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) في س: \"يقسم\".\n(^٣) في س: \"حسين\".","vol":"13","page":122},{"text":"يَتَداوَلانِها، ثُمَّ بيَدِ زَيدِ بنِ حَسَنٍ، وهِى صَدَقَةُ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - حَقًّا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٥٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو ابنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ قال: سمَعِتُ حَديثًا مِن رَجُلٍ فأعجَبَنِى فقُلتُ: اكتُبْه لِي. فأتَى به مَكتوبًا مُزَبَّرًا (^٣): دَخَلَ العباسُ وعَلِيٌّ - ﵄ - على عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وعِندَه طَلحَةُ والزُّبَيرُ وسَعدٌ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ - ﵃ -، وهُما يَختَصِمانِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ لِطَلحَةَ والزُّبَيرِ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وسَعدٍ - ﵃ -: ألّم تَعلَموا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مالِ النَّبِيُّ صَدَقَةٌ إلَّا ما أطعَمَه أهلَه وكَساهُم؛ إنّا لا نُورَثُ\"؟ قالوا: بَلَى. قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُنفِقُ مِن مالِه على أهلِه ويَتَصَدَّقُ بفَضلِه، ثُمَّ توُفِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فوَلِيَها أبو بَكرٍ سَنَتَينِ، فكانَ يَصنَعُ الَّذِى كان يَصنَعُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ عمرِو ابنِ مَرزوقٍ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ أبى داودَ: ثُمَّ توُفِّى. إلَى آخِرِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرج الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٩٨) من طريق أبى اليمان به مختصرًا رواية أبى هريرة. وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٨) من طريق ابن شهاب عن عبد الرَّحمن بن هرمز عن أبى هريرة.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٣٣، ٤٠٣٤) بالروايات الثلاث دون ذكر رواية أبى هريرة ... إلى قوله: \"ما تركنا صدقة\" ثم ذكره إلى آخره.\n(^٣) يقال: زبرت الكتاب. إذا أتقنت كتابته. التاج ١١/ ٣٩٨ (ز ب ر).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٦١)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٥)؛ وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٧٧).","vol":"13","page":123},{"text":"١٢٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أن فاطِمَةَ والعباسَ - ﵄ - أتيا أبَا بكرٍ يَلتَمِسانِ ميراثَهُما مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وهُما حينَئذٍ يَطلُبانِ أرضَه مِن فدَكٍ وسَهمَه مِن خَيبَرَ، فقالَ لَهُما أبو بكرٍ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ، إنَّما يأكُلُ آلُ محمدٍ في هذا المالِ\". واللَّهِ إنِّى لا أدَعُ أمرًا رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُه بَعدُ إلَّا صَنَعتُه. قال: فغَضِبَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - وهَجَرَتْه فلَم تُكَلِّمْه حَتَّى ماتَت، فدَفَنَها عليٌّ - ﵁ - لَيلًا ولَم يُؤذِنْ بها أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ -. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فكانَ لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ - مِنَ النّاسِ وجهٌ حَياةَ فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ -، فلَمَّا توُفِّيَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - انصَرَفَت وُجوهُ النَّاسِ عنه عِندَ ذَلِكَ. قال مَعمَرٌ: قُلتُ لِلزُّهرِيِّ: كَم مَكَثَت فاطِمَةُ بعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ. فقالَ رَجُل لِلزُّهرِيِّ: فلَم يُبايِعْه عليٌّ - ﵁ - حَتَّى ماتَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ -؟ قال: ولا أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ عن مَعمَرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٢).\nوقَولُ الزُّهرِيِّ في قُعودِ عليٍّ عن بَيعَةِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵄ - حَتَّى توُفّيَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ -\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٧٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩) مختصرًا، والمروزى في مسند أبى بكر (٣٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٣٥، ٦٧٢٥)، ومسلم (٥٣/ ١٧٥٩) دون قول معمر وما بعده.","vol":"13","page":124},{"text":"مُنقَطِعٌ، وحَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ - ﵁ - في مُبايَعَتِه إيَّاه حينَ بُويعَ بَيعَةَ العامَّةِ بعدَ السَّقِيفَةِ (^١) أصَحُّ، ولَعَلَّ الزُّهرِىَّ أرادَ قُعودَه عَنها بعدَ البَيعَةِ ثُمَّ نُهوضَه إلَيها ثانيًا وقيامَه بواجِباتِها، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٨٦١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ ابنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِميُّ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى اليَمانِ: أخبَرَكَ شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أخبَرَته أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أرسَلَت إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - تَسألُه ميراثَها مِن رسولِ الله - ﷺ -[ممّا أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه - ﷺ -، وفاطِمَةُ حينَئذٍ تَطلُبُ صدَقَةَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -] (^٢) التى بالمَدينَةِ وفَدَكٍ وما بَقِى مِن خُمُسِ خَيبَرَ. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَهٌ، إنَّما يأكُلُ آلُ محمدٍ مِن هذا المالِ\". يَعنِى مالَ اللهِ، لَيسَ لَهُم أن يَزيدوا على المأكَلِ، وإِنِّى واللهِ لا أُغَيِّرُ صَدَقاتِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن حالِها التى كانَت عَلَيه في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ولأعمَلَنَّ فيها بما عَمِلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها. فأبَى أبو بكرٍ أن يَدفَعَ إلَى فاطِمَةَ مِنها شَيئًا، فوَجَدَت فاطِمَةُ على أبى بكرٍ - ﵄ - مِن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵄ -: والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَقَرابَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحَبُّ إلَىَّ أن أصِلَ مِن قَرابَتِي، فأمّا الَّذِى شَجَرَ بَينِى وبَينَكُم مِن هذه الصدَقاتِ فإِنِّى لا آلو فيها عن الخَيرِ، وإِنِّى لَم أكنْ لأترُكَ فيها أمرًا رأيتُ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى (١٦٦١٦).\n(^٢) ليس في: س.","vol":"13","page":125},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَصنَعُه فيها إلَّا صَنَعتُه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن صالِح، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - أخبَرَته أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سألَت أبا بكرٍ بعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - أن يَقسِمَ لَها ميراثَها مِمّا تَرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ممّا أفاءَ اللهُ، فقالَ لَها أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\". فغَضِبَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - فهَجَرَت أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فلَم تَزَل مُهاجِرَةً له حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَت، وعاشَت بعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ. قال: فكانَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - تَسألُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - نَصيبَها ممَّا تَرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن خَيبَرَ وفَدَكٍ وصَدَقَتِه بالمَدينَةِ، فأبَى أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عَلَيها ذَلِكَ، قال: لَستُ تارِكًا شَيئًا كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَعمَلُ به إلَّا؛ عَمِلتُ فإِنِّى أخشَى إن تَرَكتُ شَيئًا مِن أمرِه أن أزيغَ. فأمَّا صَدَقَتُه بالمَدينَةِ فدَفَعَها عُمَرُ إلَى عليٍّ والعباسِ فغَلَبَ عليٌّ عَلَيها، وأمَّا خَيبَرُ وفَدَكٌ فأمسَكَهما (^٣) عُمَرُ وقالَ: هُما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٦٩)، والنسائي (٤١٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٢٣) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧١١، ٣٧١٢).\n(^٣) في س، ز، م: \"فأمسكها\".","vol":"13","page":126},{"text":"صَدَقَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كانَت لحُقوقِه التى تَعرُوه ونَوائبِه، وأمرُهُما إلَى ولِىِّ الأمرِ، فهُما على ذَلِكَ إلَى اليَومِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيِّ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ العَتَكِيُّ بنَيسابورَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو ضَمْرَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: \"لما مَرِضَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - أتاها أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ - فاستأذَنَ عَلَيها، فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: يا فاطِمَةُ، هذا أبو بكرٍ يَستأذِنُ عَلَيكِ. فقالَت: أتُحِبُّ أن آذَنَ له؟ قال: نَعَم. فأذِنَت له، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها يَتَرَضّاها وقالَ: واللَّهِ ما تَرَكتُ الدّارَ والمالَ والأهلَ والعَشيرَةَ إلَّا لابتِغاءِ مَرضاةِ اللَّهِ ومَرضاةِ رسولِه ومَرضاتِكُم أهلَ البَيتِ. ثُمَّ تَرَضّاها حَتَّى رَضِيَت (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ.\n\n١٢٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن المُغيرَةِ قال: جَمَعَ عُمَرُ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بَنِى مَرْوانَ حينَ استُخلِفَ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كانَت له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٩٢، ٣٠٩٣)، ومسلم (١٧٥٩/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨١، والاعتقاد ص ٤٩٦، وفيهما: حمزة. بدلًا من: ضمرة. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٢٧ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":127},{"text":"فدَكٌ، فكانَ يُنفِقُ مِنها ويَعودُ مِنها على صَغيرِ بَنِى هاشِمٍ ويُزَوِّجُ فيه أيِّمَهُم، وإِنَّ فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ - سألَته أن يَجعَلَها لَها فأبَى، فكانَت كَذَلِكَ في حَياةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِه، فلَمَّا وَلِى أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عَمِلَ فيها بما عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في حَياتِه حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِه، فلَمَّا أن وَلِى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - عَمِلَ فيها بمِثلِ ما عَمِلا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِه، ثُمَّ أُقطِعَها مَروانُ، ثُمَّ صارَت لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، قال عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: فرأيتُ أمرًا مَنَعَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاطِمَةَ لَيسَ لِى بحَقٍّ، وإِنِّى أُشهِدُكُم أنِّى قَد رَدَدتُها على ما كانَت، يَعنِى على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: إنَّما أُقَطِعَ مَرْوانُ فدَكًا في أيَّامِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، وكَذَلِكَ تأوَّلَ في ذَلِكَ ما رُوِى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أطعَمَ اللّهُ نَبيًّا طُعمَةً فهِى لِلّذِى يَقومُ مِن بَعدِه\". وكانَ مُستَغنيًا عَنها بمالِه فجَعَلَها لأقرِبائه ووَصَلَ بها رَحِمَهُم، وكَذَلِكَ تأويلُه عِندَ كَثيرٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ، وذَهَبَ آخَرونَ إلَى أن المُرادَ بذَلِكَ التَوليَةُ وقَطعُ جَرَيانِ الإرْثِ فيه ثُمَّ تُصرَفُ في مَصالِحِ المُسلِمينَ كما كان أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ - ﵄ - يَفعَلانِ، وكما رآه عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ حينَ رَدَّ الأمرَ في فدَكٍ إلَى ما كان. واحتَجَّ مَن ذَهَبَ إلَى هذا بما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ الزُّهرِيِّ: وأمَّا خَيبَرُ وفَدَكٌ فأمسَكَهما (^٢) عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وقالَ: هُما صَدَقَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كانَت لِحُقوقِه التى تَعْرُوه ونَوائبِه، وأمرُهُما إلَى ولِيِّ الأمرِ، فهُما على ذَلِكَ إلَى الآنَ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٧٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣٧).\n(^٢) في ص ٦، ز: \"فأمسكها\".","vol":"13","page":128},{"text":"١٢٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبُو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ علَى مالِكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قَالَت: إنَّ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حينَ توُفِّى أرَدْنَ أن يَبعَثنَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - إلَى أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - فيَسألنَه ميراثَهُنَّ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَت عائشَةُ لَهُنَّ: ألَيسَ قَد قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فهو صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ (^١). وفِى رِوايَةِ القَعْنَبِىِّ: فيَسألنَه حَقَّهُنَّ، فقالَت لَهُنَّ عائشَةُ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبنِ شِهَابٍ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه: قُلتُ: ألا تَتَّقينَ اللَّهَ! ألَم تَسمَعْنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا نُورَثُ، مما تَرَكْنَا فهو صَدَقَةٌ، إنَّما هذا المالُ لآلِ محمدِ لِنائبَتِهِم ولِضَيفِهِم، فإِذا مِتُّ فهو إلَى ولِيِّ الأمرِ مِن بَعْدِى\"؟ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٩٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٢٦٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣١١)، وابن حبان (٦٦١١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٧٦) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٣٠)، ومسلم (١٧٥٨/ ٥١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٢٥) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به مختصرًا. وينظر ما، تقدم في (١٢٨٥٧).","vol":"13","page":129},{"text":"١٢٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُهْليُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقتَسِمُ ورَثَتِى دينارًا؛ ما تَرَكْتُ بعدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسائى ومَئُونةِ عاملِى فهو صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِي، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ إلَى أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵃ - تَطلُبُ ميراثَها، فقالا: سَمِعنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا نُورَثُ؛ ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٩٤٤)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٤٠، ومالك ٢/ ٩٩٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٩٧٤)، وابن حبان (٦٦١٠). وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٣٥٣٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٧٦)، ومسلم (١٧٦٠/ ٥٥).\n(^٣) معجم ابن الأعرابى (١٧٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩)، والترمذى (١٦٠٩) من طريق عبد الوهاب به، ولفظهما: \"إنى لا أورث\".","vol":"13","page":130},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ - جاءَت إلَى أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقالَت: مَن يَرِثُكَ؟ قال: أهلِى ووَلَدِى. قالَت: فما لِى لا أرِثُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إِنَّا لا نُورَثُ\". ولَكِنَى أعولُ مَن كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعولُه، وأُنفِقُ على مَن كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُنفِقُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، أن فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه ولَم يَذكُرْ أبا هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ النَّبِيَّ لا يُورَثُ\". وقالَ أبو العباسِ في مَوضِعِ آخَرَ: \"إنّا لا نُورَثُ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٦٠٨) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١٣١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البز ار (٢٨٤٣)، وأبو يعلى - كما في المطالب العالية (١٦٥٧)، وإتحاف الخيرة (٤٠٧٧) =","vol":"13","page":131},{"text":"١٢٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ داودَ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ مَرزوقٍ قال: قال زَيدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ على: أمّا أنا فلَو كُنتُ مَكانَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - لَحَكَمتُ بمِثلِ ما حَكَمَ به أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في فَدَكٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ؛ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ، وعن عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن جابِرٍ - أحَدُهما يَزيدُ على الآخَرَ - قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قَدِمَ مالُ البحرَينِ أعطَيتُكَ هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". قال: فلَم يَقدَمْ مالُ البحرَينِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ قُدِمَ بمالِ البحرَينِ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: مَن كان له على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - دَينٌ أو عِدَةٌ فَلْيَقُمْ. فأتَيتُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقُلتُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعَدَنِى: \"إذا قَدِمَ مالُ البحرَينِ أعطَيتُكَ كذا وهكَذا وهَكَذا\". يَعنِى ثلاثَ حَثَياتٍ. قال: فخُذْ. فحَثَوتُ، فقالَ: عُدَّها. فإِذا هِى\n_________\n= والطبرانى في الأوسط (١٨٠٦) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به. ولفظ البزار والطبرانى: \"لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة\". ولفظ أبى يعلى: \"النَّبِيّ لا يورث\". وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٤٠/ ٩: رواه الطبرانى في الأوسط وفيه الفضل بن وثيق وهو كذاب.\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨١ وفى الاعتقاد ص ٤٩٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٤٦٣. وأخرجه إبراهيم بن حماد في زوائد تركة النَّبِيّ - ﷺ - ص ٨٦ من طريق إسماعيل بن إسحاق به.","vol":"13","page":132},{"text":"خَمسُمائَةٍ، قال: فخُذْ بعَدَدِها مَرَّتَينِ. زادَ فيه ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ قال: أتَيتُه، يَعنِى أبا بكرٍ، مَرَّةً فسألتُه فلَم يُعطِنِي، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه الثَّانيَةَ فسألتُه فلَم يُعطِنِي، فقُلتُ: قَد سألتُكَ مَرَّتَينِ فلَم تُعطِنِي، فإِمّا أن تُعطيَنِى وإِمّا أن تَبخَلَ. قال: إنَّكَ لَم تأتِنِى مَرَّةً إلَّا وأنا أُريدُ أن أُعطيَكَ، فأىُّ داءٍ أدوَى مِنَ البُخلِ؟! قال إسحاقُ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ أو نَحوَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2807>بابُ بَيانِ مَصرِفُ خُمُسِ الخُمُسِ، وأنَّه بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى الَّذِى يَلى أمرَ المُسلِميَن يَصرِفُه في مَصالِحِهِم</span>\n\n١٢٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ جُمَيعٍ، عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ قال: جاءَت فاطِمَةُ إلَى أبى بكرٍ - ﵄ - فقالَت: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنتَ ورِثتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أم أهلُهُ؟ قال: لا، بَل أهلُه. قالَت: فما بالُ الخُمُسِ؟ فَقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقُولُ: \"إذا أطعَمَ اللَّهُ نَبيًّا طعمَةً ثمَّ قَبَضَه كانَت لِلَّذِى يَلى بَعدَه\". فَلَّمَّا وليتُ رالمجتُ أن أرُدَّه على المُسلِمينِ. قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠١) عن سفيان عن ابن المنكدر به. والحميدى (١٢٣٣) عن سفيان عن عمرو به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٣٧) وفيه: وقال يعنى ابن المنكدر: وأى داء أدوأ من البخل. ومسلم (٦٠/ ٢٣١٤).","vol":"13","page":133},{"text":"أنتَ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أعلمُ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَت (^١).\n\n١٢٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ يَعنِى الفَزارِىَّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ قال: أخَذَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَومَ خَيبَرَ (^٢) وبَرَةً مِن جَنبِ بَعيرٍ فقالَ: \"يا أيها النّاسُ، إنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لِى ممَّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم قَدْرُ هذه إلَّا الخُمُسَ، والخُمُسُ مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم\" (^٣).\nيَعنِى واللهُ أعلمُ: مَردودٌ في مَصالِحِكُم.\n\nبابُ سَهمِ الصَّفِيّ\n\n١٢٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هِلالٍ، عن أبى جَمرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ وفدُ عبدِ القَيسِ على رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ بَينَنا وبَينَكَ هذا الحَيَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٧٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"حنين\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٨٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧١٨) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. والنسائي (٤١٤٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٤٠، ١٢٨٤١). وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٥٨): حسن صحيح.","vol":"13","page":134},{"text":"مِن مُضَرَ، وإِنَّا لا نَصلُ إلَيكَ إلَّا في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ - أو قال: في رَجَبِ - فمُرْنا بأمرٍ نأخُذُ به ونَدعو إلَيه مَن وراءَنا مِن قَومِنا. قال: \"آمُرُكُم بأرَبَعٍ وأنهاكُم عن أربَع؛ آمُرُكُم أن تَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وتُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ، وتُعطُوا مِنَ المَغنَمِ سَهمَ اللَّهِ ﷿ والصَّفِيَّ، وأنهاكُم عنِ الدُّبّاءِ والحَنتَمِ والمُزَفَّتِ والنَّقيرِ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو هِلالٍ الرّاسِبِيُّ بذِكرِ الصَّفِىِّ فيهِ.\n\n١٢٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَزيدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ قال: كُنّا بالمِربَدِ جُلوسًا، وأُرانِي أحدَثَ القَومِ أو مِن أحدَثِهِم سِنًّا. قال: فأتَى عَلَينا رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ، فلَمّا رأيناه قُلنا: كأن هذا رَجُلٌ لَيسَ مِن هذا (^٢) البَلَدِ. قال: أجَل. فإِذا مَعَه كِتابٌ في قِطعَةِ أَدَمٍ - ورُبَّما قال: في قِطعَةِ جِرابٍ - فقالَ: هذا كِتابٌ كَتَبه لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فإِذا فيه: \"بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، مِن محمدٍ النَّبِيُّ لبَنِى زُهَيرِ بنِ أُقَيشٍ\" -وهُم حَيٌّ مِن عُكْلٍ- \"إنَّكُم إن أقَمتُم الصَّلاةَ وآتَيتُمُ الزَّكاةَ وفارَقتُمُ المُشرِكينَ وأعطَيتُمُ الخُمُسَ مِنَ المَغنَمِ ثُمَّ سَهمَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - والصَّفِيَّ - ورُبَّما قال: صَفيَّه - فأنتُم آمِنونَ بأمانِ اللَّهِ وأمانِ رسولِه\". قالوا: هاتِ حَدِّثْنا أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ بما سَمِعتَ (^٣) رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - يقولُ: \"صَومُ شَهرِ الصَّبرِ وثَلَاثةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ تُذهِبُ كَثيرًا مِن وَحَرِ الصَّدرِ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٢) من طريق أبى هلال به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٩٧٠، ١٢٨٤٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"أهل\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"من\"، وذكر في الأصل أنَّها في نسختين هكذا، وفى نسخة أخرى بدونها.","vol":"13","page":135},{"text":"قال قُرَّةُ: فقُلتُ له: وغَرِ الصَّدرِ (^١) فقالَ: \"وحَرِ الصَّدرِ\". فقالَ القَومُ: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحَدِّثُ به؟ فأهوَى إلَى صَحيفَتِه فأخَذَها ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ مُسرِعًا ثُمَّ قال: أَلَا أُراكُم تَخافونَ أن أكذِبَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ واللَّهِ لا أُحَدِّثُكُم حَديثًا اليَومَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عنِ ابنِ عباسٍ قال: تنَفَّلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَيفَه \"ذو الفَقارِ\" يَومَ بَدرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - سَهمٌ يُدعَى سَهمَ الصَّفِيِّ، إن شاءَ عبدًا، وإِن شاءَ أمَةً، وإِن شاءَ فرَسًا، يَختارُه قبلَ الخُمُسِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) وحر الصدر: غشه ووساوسه، أو الحقد والغيظ، أو العداوة، أو أشد الغضب، والوغر قريب منه في المعنى. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٦٠، ٢٠٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٤٠) عن روح بن عبادة به. والنسائي (٤١٥٧) من طريق يزيد بن الشخير به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٦٦). وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٣٤٩٨، ١٧٨١٠).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وسيأتى في (١٣٤١٠) مطولًا.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٩٤٧)، وأبو داود (٢٩٩١). وأخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٦) من طريق مطرف به، وفيه: وأما سهم الصفى فغرة تختار من أى شئ شاء. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٤٤).","vol":"13","page":136},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ وأزهَرُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: سألتُ محمدًا عن سَهمِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - والصَّفِىِّ قال: كان يُضرَبُ له بسَهمٍ مَعَ المُسلِمينَ وإِن لَم يَشهَدْ، والصَّفِيُّ يُؤخَذُ له رأسٌ مِنَ الخُمُسِ قبلَ كُلِّ شَئٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ عمدِ الواحِدِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا غَزا كان له سَهمٌ صافِى يأخُذُه مِن حَيثُ شاءَ، فكانَت صَفيَّةُ مِن ذَلِكَ السَّهمِ، وكانَ إذا لَم يَغزُ بنَفسِه ضُرِبَ له بسَهمِه ولَم يَختَرْ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ وأبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كانَت صَفيَّةُ مِنَ الصَّفِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٩٢). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٤٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٩٣). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٤٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٢٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"13","page":137},{"text":"سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَي، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسُ بنُ أُنَيفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عمرٍو، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لأبِى طَلحَةَ - ﵁ -: \"التَمِسْ غُلامًا مِن غِلمانِكُم يَخدُمُنِى حَتَّى أخرُجَ إلَى خَيبَرَ\". فخَرَجَ بى أبو طَلحَةَ مُردِفى وأنا غُلامٌ راهَقتُ الحُلُمَ فكُنتُ أخدُمُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا نَزَلَ، فكُنتُ أسمَعُه كَثيرًا يقولُ: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الهَمِّ والحَزَنِ، والعَجزِ والكَسَلِ، والبُخلِ والجُبنِ، وضَلَعِ الدَّينِ، وغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ\". ثُمَّ قَدِمنا خَيبَرَ، فلَمّا فتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه الحِصنَ ذُكِرَ لَهُ جَمالُ صَفيَّةَ بنتِ حُيَيِّ بنِ أخطَبَ، وقَد قُتِلَ زَوجُها وكانَت عَروسًا، فاستَصفاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِنَفسِه، فخَرَجَ بها حَتَّى بَلَغنا سَدَّ الصَّهْباءِ حَلَّت، فبَنَى بها، ثُمَّ صَنَعَ حَيسًا (^١) في نِطَعٍ صَغيرٍ، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ائْذَنْ مَن حَولَكَ\". فكانَت تِلكَ وليمَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على صَفيَّةَ بنتِ حُيَيٍّ، ثُمَّ خَرَجنا إلَى المَدينَةِ، فرأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحَوِّى لَها وراءَه بعَباءَةٍ (^٢)، ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ عليه عِندَ بَعيرِه فيَضَعُ رُكبَتَه فتَضَمعُ صَفيَّةُ رِجلَها على رُكبَتِه حَتَّى تَركَبَ، فسِرنا حَتَّى إذا أشرَفنا على المَدينَةِ نَظَرَ إلَى أُحُدٍ فقالَ: \"هذا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا ونُحِبُه\". ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إلَى المَدينَةِ فقالَ: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أُحَرِّمُ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها مِثلَ ما حَرَّمَ إبراهيمُ مَكَّةَ، اللَّهمَّ بارِكْ لهم في مُدِّهِم وصَاعِهِم\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) الحَيْس: هو الطعام المتخذ من التمر والأقط والسمن، وقد يجعل عوض الأقط الدقيق أو الفتيت. النهاية ١/ ٤٦٧.\n(^٢) أى: يلف العباءة حول سنام البعير. ينظر عمدة القارى ١٤/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٧٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٤١) عن سعيد وقتيبة به. والترمذى (٣٤٨٤)، =","vol":"13","page":138},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^١)، ورَواه مسلمٌ أيضًا عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٢). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن أنَسٍ.\n\n١٢٨٨٤ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ عليِّ بنِ بَطْحا قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: وقَعَ في سَهمِ دِحيَةَ جاريَةٌ، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّه وقَعَت في سَهمِ دِحيَةَ جاريَةٌ جَميلَة. قال: فاشتَراها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بسَبعَةِ أرؤُسٍ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَها إلَى أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ تَصنَعُها وتُهَيِّئُها. قال: وأحسِبُه قال: تَعتَدُّ في بَيتِها، وهِى صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَىٍّ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٨٥ - ورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ عن ثابِتٍ قال: حَدَّثَنَا أنَسٌ قال: صارَت صَفيَّةُ لِدِحيَةَ في مَقسَمِه، وجَعَلوا يَمدَحونَها عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: ويَقولونَ: ما رأينا في السَّبي مِثلَها. قال: فبَعَثَ إلَى دِحيَةَ فأعطاه بها ما أرادَ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَها إلَى أُمِّى فقالَ: \"أصلِحيها\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n= والنسائي (٥٥١٨) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به مختصرًا، وعند أبى داود والترمذى مقتصرًا على الدعاء فقط. وتقدم في (١٠٠٤٩، ١٠٠٥٠)، وسيأتى في (١٨٣٤٩).\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٩٣)، ومسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٤٦٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٦٥) عقب (٤٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٦٢١).\n(^٤) مسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٧ (١٣٦٥).","vol":"13","page":139},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، [حَدَّثَنَا بَهزٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هاشِمٍ] (^١) (^٣).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: الأمرُ الَّذِى لَم يَختَلِفْ فيه أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ عِندَنا عَلِمتُه، ولَم نَزَلْ نَحفَظُ مِن قَولِهِم، أنَّه لَيسَ لأحَدٍ ما كان لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن صَفِيِّ الغَنيمَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2808>بابُ قِسمَةِ الغَنيمَةِ في دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: ومَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِن مَضيقٍ يُقالُ له: الصَّفراءُ. خَرَجَ مِنه إلَى كَثِيبٍ يُقالُ له: سَيَرٌ. على مَسيرَةِ لَيلَةٍ مِن بَدرٍ أوأكثَرَ، فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النَّفَلَ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ على ذَلِكَ الكَثِيبِ (^٥).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: ومَن حَولَ سَيَرٍ وأهلُه مُشرِكونَ. قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: وقَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أموالَ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ وسَبيَهُم في المَوضِعِ الَّذِى غَنِمَها فيه قبلَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٤١، ١٣٠٢٣) عن بهز به، وسيأتى في (١٨٠٣٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٨).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٤٠.\n(^٥) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٤٣.","vol":"13","page":140},{"text":"يَتَحَوَّلُ عنه، وما حَولَه كُلُّه بلادُ شِركٍ، وأكثَرُ ما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأُمَراءُ سَراياه ما غَنِموا ببِلادِ أهلِ الحَربِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُيَيٌّ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ يَومَ بَدرٍ في ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ وخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهمَّ إنَّهُم حُفاة فاحمِلْهُمُ، اللَّهمَّ إنَّهُم عُراةٌ فاكسُهُم، اللَّهمَّ إنَّهُم جِياعٌ فأشبِعْهُم\". ففَتَحَ اللَّهُ له يَومَ بَدرٍ، فانقَلَبوا حينَ انقَلَبوا وما مِنهُم رَجُل إلَّا قَد رَجَعَ بجَمَلٍ أو جَمَلَينِ، واكتَسَوْا وشَبِعُوا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد أعادَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ هذه المَسألَةَ في كِتابِ السِّيَرِ، ونَحنُ نَذكُرُها بتَمامِها في مَوضِعِها مِن كِتابِ السِّيَرِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٤١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٤٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٨٦)، وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٧٩٧٣).\n(^٣) ينظر ما سيأتى في (١٨٠٣٩، ١٨٠٤٧).","vol":"13","page":141},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2809>جِماعُ أبوابِ الأنفالِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2810>بابٌ: السَّلَبُ لِلقاتِلِ</span>\n\n١٢٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ الماجِشونِ قال: أخبرَنِى (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ الماجِشونِ، عن صالِحِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: بَينا أنا واقِف في الصَّفِّ يَومَ بَدرٍ نَظَرتُ عن يَمينِى وشِمالِي، فإِذا أنا بَينَ غُلامَينِ مِنَ الأنصارِ حَديثَةٍ أسنانُهُما، تَمَنَّيتُ أن أكونَ بَينَ أضلَعَ مِنهُما، فغَمَزَنِى أحَدُهُما فقالَ: يا عَمَّاه هَل تَعرِفُ أبا جَهلٍ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم، وما حاجَتُكَ إلَيه يا ابنَ أخِى؟ قال: أُخبِرتُ أنَّه يَسُبُّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَئِن رأيتُه لا يُفارِقُ سَوادِى سَوادَه حَتَّى يَموتَ الأعجَلُ مِنَّا. وتَعَجَّبتُ لِذَلِكَ، فغَمَزَنِي الآخَرُ فقالَ لِى مِثلَها، فلَم أنشَبْ أن نَظَرتُ إلَى أبى جَهلٍ يَدورُ في النَّاسِ، فقُلتُ لَهُما: إلا إنَّ هذا صاحِبُكُما الَّذِى تَسألانِ عنه. فابتَدَراه بسَيفَيهِما فضَرَباه حَتَّى قَتَلاه، ثُمَّ انصرَفا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَراه فقالَ: \"أيُّكُما قَتَلَهُ؟ \". فقالَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما: أنا قَتَلتُه. فقالَ: \"هَل مَسَحتُما سَيفَيكُما؟ \". قالا: لا. فنَظَرَ في السَّيفَينِ فقالَ: \"كِلاكُما قَتَلَه\". وقَضَى بسَلَبِه لمعاذِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الجَموحِ، وكانا مُعاذَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد\".","vol":"13","page":142},{"text":"ابنَ عَفراءَ ومُعاذَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ الجَموحِ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ الماجِشونِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nوالاحتِجاجُ بهَذا في هذه المَسألَةِ غَيرُ جَيِّدٍ؛ فقَد مَضَى في كِتابِنا هذا كَيفَ كانَت حالُ الغَنيمَةِ يَومَ بَدرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ (^٤)، وإِنَّما الحُجَّةُ في إعطائه - ﷺ - لِلقاتِلِ السَّلَبَ بعدَ وقعَةِ بَدرٍ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في حَديثِ أبى قَتادَةَ وغَيرِهِ:\n\n١٢٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، [حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وَهْبٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُهُما قالوا] (^٥): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٢٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣١٤١)، ومسلم (١٧٥٢/ ٤٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢٨٣٦ - ١٢٨٤٤).\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٦.","vol":"13","page":143},{"text":"عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعْنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ أفلَحَ، عن أبى محمدٍ مَولَى أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ حُنَينٍ، فلَمّا التَقَينا كانَت لِلمُسلِمينَ جَولَةٌ (^١)، فرأيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ قد عَلا رَجُلًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. قال: فاستَدَرتُ له حَتَّى أتَيتُ مِن ورائه فضَرَبتُه على حَبلِ عاتِقِه ضَربَةً، فأقبَلَ علىَّ فضَمَّنِى ضَمَّةً وجَدتُ مِنها ريحَ المَوتِ ثُمَّ أدرَكَه المَوتُ فأرسَلَنِى، فلَحِقتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقُلتُ له: ما بالُ النّاسِ؟ قال: أمرُ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ إنّ النّاسَ رَجَعوا فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا له عَلَيه بَيِّنَةٌ فلَه سَلَبُه\". فقُمتُ فقُلتُ: مَن يَشهَدُ لِى؟ ثُمَّ جَلَستُ، فقالَها الثّانيَةَ، فقُمتُ فقُلتُ: مَن يَشهَدُ لِى؟ ثُمَّ جَلَستُ، فقالَها الثّالِثَةَ، فقُمتُ في الثّالِثَةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما لَكَ يا أبا قَتادَةَ؟ \". فاقتَصَصتُ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: صَدَقَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، وسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ القَتيلِ عِندِى فأرضِه مِنه. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: لاها اللهِ إذًا (^٢) لا يَعمِدُ إلَى أسَدٍ مِن أُسدِ اللهِ يُقاتِلُ عنِ اللَّهِ فيُعطيَكَ سَلَبَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَدَقَ، فأعطِه إيّاه\". قال أبو قَتادَةَ: فأعطانِيه فبِعتُ الدِّرعَ فابتَعتُ به مَخرَفًا في بَنِى سَلِمَةَ، فإِنَّه لأوَّلُ مالٍ تأثَّلتُه في الإسلامِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال مالكٌ: المَخْرَفُ: النَّخلُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) جولة: أي الكشاف وذهاب عن مكانهم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) لاها الله إذًا: قال ابن حجر: هو قسم. هدى السارى ص ٧٧. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١٤٥، ١٢/ ٦٠.","vol":"13","page":144},{"text":"الشّافِعِىِّ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وَهْبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الكَجِّىُّ يَعنِى أبا مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبَرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن هَوازِنَ جاءَت يَومَ حُنَينٍ بالنِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ والإبِلِ والغَنَمِ فجَعَلوهُم صُفوفًا، يُكَثِّرونَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، والتَقَى المسلِمونَ والمشرِكونَ، فوَلَّى المُسلِمونَ مُدبِرينَ كما قال اللهُ ﷿، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا عِبادَ اللَّهِ، أنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ورسولُه، يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ، أنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ورسولُه\". فهَزَمَ اللهُ المُشرِكينَ، ولَم يُضرَبْ بسَيفٍ ولَم يُطعَنْ برُمحٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ: \"مَن قَتَلَ كافِرًا فلَه سَلَبُه\". فأخَذَ -وفِى حَديثِ أبى داودَ: فقَتَلَ- أبو طَلحَةَ يَومَئذٍ عِشرينَ رَجُلًا فأخَذَ أسلابَهُم. فقالَ أبو قَتادَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى قَد ضَرَبتُ رَجُلًا على حَبلِ العاتِقِ وعَلَيه دِرعٌ، عَجِلتُ عنه أن آخُذَ سَلَبَه، فانظُرْ مَعَ مَن هِى فأعطِنيها. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا أخَذتُها\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٦٨)، والمعرفة (٣٩٤٩) وفيه: عمرو بن كثير، والشافعي ٤/ ١٤٢، ومالك ٢/ ٤٥٤، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٥٦٢) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٤٨٣٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧١٧) عن القعنبى به. وأحمد (٢٢٥٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به مختصرًا. وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٢٩٨٨، ١٨٠٠٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٤٢)، ومسلم (١٧٥١) عقب (٤١).","vol":"13","page":145},{"text":"فأرضِه مِنها وأعطِنيها. فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَ لا يُسألُ شَيئًا إلَّا أعطاه أو يَسكُتُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: واللَّهِ لا يُفيئُها اللهُ تَعالَى على أسَدٍ مِن أُسدِه ويُعطيكَها. فضَحِكَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"صَدَقَ عُمَرُ\". ولَقِىَ أبو طَلحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ ومَعَها خَنجَرٌ فقالَ: يا أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ ما هذا مَعَكِ؟ قالَت: إن دَنا مِنِّى رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ أبعَجُ بَطنَه. فأخبَرَ بذَلِكَ أبو طَلحَةَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اقتُلْ مَن بَعدَنا الطُّلَقاءَ. فقالَ: \"يا أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد كَفَى وأحسَنَ\" (^١). أخرَجَ مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" آخِرَ هذا الحديثِ في قِصَّةِ أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ (^٢)، وهو صَحيحٌ على شَرطِهِ.\n\n١٢٨٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى (^٣) زائدَةَ، عن أبى أيّوبَ الأفريقِىِّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا فلَه سَلَبُه\" (^٤).\n\n١٢٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِىُّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢١٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٧٧)، وأبو داود (٢٧١٨) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٤٨٣٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٠٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٦.\n(^٤) أحمد (١٣٠٤١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٤١) من طريق ابن أبى زائدة به.","vol":"13","page":146},{"text":"حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ القاضي، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو العُمَيسِ، عن ابنِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه قال: أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَينٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ وهو في سَفَرٍ، فجَلَسَ فتَحَدَّثَ عِندَ أصحابِه ثُمَّ انسَلَّ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اطلُبوه فاقتُلوه\". قال: فَسَبقتُهُم إلَيه فقَتَلتُه وأخَذتُ سَلَبَه. زادَ البِرتِىُّ في رِوايَتِه: فنَفَّلَنِى إيّاه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا إياسُ بنُ سَلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - هَوازِنَ، فبَينا نَحنُ نَتَضَحَّى (^٣)، عامَّتُنا مُشاةٌ فينا ضعفٌ، إذ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ على جَمَلٍ أحمَرَ فانتَزَعَ طَلَقًا (^٤) مِن حِقوِ البَعيرِ فقَيَّدَ به جَمَلَه ثُمَّ مالَ إلَى القَومِ، فلَمّا رأى ضعفَهُم أطلَقَه ثُمَّ أناخَه فقَعَدَ عَلَيه ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَركُضُ، واتَّبعَه رَجُلٌ مِن أسلَمَ على ناقَةٍ ورقاءَ مِن ظَهرِ القَومِ، فخَرَجتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٥٣) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (١٦٥٣١)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٨٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٣٩) من طريق أبى العميس به. وعند ابن ماجه بلفظ: بارزت رجلًا فقتلته. . .\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٥١).\n(^٣) نتضحَّى: نتغدَّى. النهاية ٣/ ٧٦.\n(^٤) الطَّلَق: بالتحريك، قيد من الجلد. النهاية ٣/ ١٣٤.","vol":"13","page":147},{"text":"أعدو فأدرَكتُه ورأسُ النّاقَةِ عِندَ وَرِكِ البَعيرِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمتُ حَتَّى أخَذتُ بخِطامِ الجَمَلِ فأنَختُه، فلَمّا صارَت رُكبَتُه بالأرضِ اختَرَطتُ سَيفِى فأضرِبُه فنَدَرَ (^١) رأسُه، فجِئتُ براحِلَتِه وما عَلَيها أقودُه، فاستَقبَلَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في النّاسِ مُقبِلًا فقالَ: \"مَن قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ؟ \". قالوا: ابنُ الأكوَعِ. قال: \"له السَّلَبُ أجمَعُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٨٩٥ - [وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ ابنُ عَمّارٍ] (^٤). فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فنَفَّلَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - راحِلَتَه وما عَلَيها وسِلاحَه.\n\n١٢٨٩٦ - ورُوِّينا عن أبى خالِدٍ الأحمَرِ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيه قال: لَقِينا العَدوَّ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فطَعَنتُ رَجُلًا فقَتَلتُه، فنَفَّلَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَلَبَه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ حَمدونٍ الأعمَشِىُّ مِن أصلِه العَتيقِ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ.\n_________\n(^١) ندر: سقط. النهاية ٥/ ٣٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٧٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٤٣) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به. وأحمد (١٦٥٢٣)، والنسائي (٨٦٧٧)، وابن ماجه مختصرًا (٢٨٣٦) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٥٤/ ٤٥).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٦.","vol":"13","page":148},{"text":"فذَكَرَه. وهَذا غَريبٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ.\n\n١٢٨٩٧ - وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عُلَىٍّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجتُ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةٍ فلَقِينا العَدوَّ، فشَدَدتُ على رَجُلٍ فطَعَنتُه فقَطَّرتُه (^١) وأخَذتُ سَلَبَه، فنَفَّلَنيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٢٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ المَعقِلىُّ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو صَخرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ قُسَيطٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى أن عبدَ الله بنَ جَحشٍ قال يَومَ أُحُدٍ: ألَا تأتِى نَدعو اللَّهَ؟ فخَلَوَا في ناحيَةٍ فدَعا سَعدٌ قال: يا رَبِّ إذا لَقِينا القَومَ غَدًا فلَقِّنِى رَجُلًا شَديدًا بأسُه، شَديدًا حَرَدُه (^٣)، فأُقاتِلَه فيكَ ويُقاتِلَنِى، ثُمَّ ارزُقْنِى عَلَيه الظَّفَرَ حَتَّى أقتُلَه وآخُذَ سَلَبَه. فأمَّنَ عبدُ الله بنُ جَحشٍ ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهمَّ ارزُقْنِى غَدًا رَجُلًا شَديدًا حَرَدُه، شَديدًا بأسُه، أُقاتِلُه فيكَ ويُقاتِلُنِى ثُمَّ يأخُذُنِى فيَجدَعُ أنفِى؛ فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) قطرته: أسقطته. النهاية ٤/ ٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٣٦/ ٤١، ٤٢ من طريق ابن وهب به، وفيه: فقنطرته.\n(^٣) حرده: غيظه وغضبه. ينظر تاج العروس ٨/ ١٧ (ح ر د).","vol":"13","page":149},{"text":"لَقِيتُكَ غَدًا قُلتَ: يا عبدَ اللهِ، فيمَ جُدِعَ أنفُكَ وأُذُنُكَ؟ فأقَولُ: فيكَ وفِى رسولِكَ. فتَقولُ: صَدَقتَ. قال سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ: يا بُنَىَّ، كانَت دَعوَةُ عبدِ الله بنِ جَحشٍ خَيرًا مِن دَعوَتِى؛ لَقَد رأيتُه آخِرَ النَّهارِ وإِنَّ أُذُنَه وأنفَه لمعَلَّقانِ في خَيطٍ (^١).\n\n١٢٨٩٩ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ عُمَرَ الخَفّافُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنذِرِ بنِ سعيدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ المَكِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى هارونُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ هارونَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبِ بنِ أبى بَلتَعَةَ المَدَنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو رَبيعَةَ الحَرّانِىُّ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ (^٢)، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ حاطِبَ بنَ أبى بَلتَعَةَ يقولُ أنَّه طَلَعَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في أُحُدٍ وهو يَشتَدُّ، وفِى يَدِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - التُّرسُ فيه ماءٌ، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغسِلُ وجهَه مِن ذَلِكَ الماءِ، فقالَ له حاطِبٌ: مَن فعَلَ بكَ هَذا؟ قال: \"عُتبَةُ ابنُ أبى وقّاصٍ، هَشَمَ وجهِى، ودَقَّ رَباعِيتِى بحَجَبر رَمانِى\". قُلتُ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ صائحًا يَصيحُ على الجَبَلِ: قُتِلَ محمدٌ. فأتَيتُ وكأن قَد ذَهَبَ رُوحِى. قُلتُ: أينَ تَوَجَّهَ عُتبَةُ؟ فأشارَ إلَى حَيثُ تَوَجَّه، فمَضَيتُ حَتَّى ظَفِرتُ به، فضرَبتُه بالسَّيفِ فطَرَحتُ رأسَه، فهَبَطتُ فأخَذتُ رأسَه وسَلَبَه وفَرَسَه، وجِئتُ بها إلَى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٧٦، ٧٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه البغوى في معجم الصحابة (١٥١٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"أويس\".","vol":"13","page":150},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فسَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ إلَىَّ ودَعا لِى فقالَ: \"رَضِى اللهُ عَنكَ، رَضِى اللهُ عَنكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٢٩٠٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ رُومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظىِّ وعُثمانَ بنِ يَهُوذا، عن رِجالٍ مِن قَومِه قالوا. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الخَندَقِ وقَتْلَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - عمرَو بنَ عبدِوُدٍّ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - نَحوَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ووَجهُه يَتَهَلَّلُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: هَلَّا استَلَبتَه دِرعَه؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ لِلعَرَبِ دِرعٌ خَيرٌ مِنها؟ فقالَ: ضرَبتُه فاتَّقانِى بسَوادِه (^٢)، فاستَحيَيتُ ابنَ عَمِّى أن أستَلِبَه (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٠١ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن أبيه قال: كانَت صَفيَّةُ بنتُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ في حِصنِ حَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ حينَ خَندَقَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -. قالَت صَفيَّةُ: فمَرَّ بنا رَجُلٌ مِن يَهودَ فجَعَلَ يُطيفُ بالحِصنِ، فقُلتُ لِحَسّانَ: إنَّ هذا اليَهودِىَّ يُطيفُ بالحِصنِ كما تَرَى، ولا آمَنُه أن يَدُلَّ على عَورَتِنا؛ فانزِلْ إلَيه فاقتُلْه. فقالَ: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لَكِ يا بنتَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، واللَّهِ لَقَد عَرَفتِ ما أنا بصاحِبِ هذا. قالَت صَفيَّةُ: فلَمّا قال ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في ز: كذا. وفى حاشيتها: المعروف بسوءته.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٣٥ مطولًا. وأخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٣٢، ٣٣ بإسناده إلى ابن إسحاق ولم يذكر من فوقه. وينظر سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٢٤، ٢٢٥.","vol":"13","page":151},{"text":"احتَجَزتُ (^١) وأخَذتُ عَمودًا ثُمَّ نَزَلتُ مِنَ الحِصنِ إلَيه فضرَبتُه بالعَمودِ حَتَّى قَتَلتُه، ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ إلَى الحِصنِ فقُلتُ: يا حَسّانُ، انزِلْ فاستَلِبْه؛ فإِنَّه لَم يَمنَعْنِى أن أستَلِبَه إلَّا أنَّه رَجُلٌ. فقالَ: ما لِى بسَلَبِه مِن حاجَةٍ يا بنتَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ مِثلَه، وزادَ فيه قال: هِى أوَّلُ امرأةٍ قَتَلَت رَجُلًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قال يَهودِىٌّ يَومَ قُرَيظَةَ: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُم يا زُبَيرُ\". فقالَت صَفيَّةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، واحِدِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّهُما عَلا صاحِبَه قَتَلَه\". فعَلاه الزُّبَيرُ فقَتَلَه فنَفَّلَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سَلَبَه (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِى مَوصولًا بذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) احتجزت: شددت إزارى على وسطى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٤٢، ٤٤٣، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٤٤٣. والحاكم ٤/ ٥١ وصححه. وقال الذهبي في تلخيص المستدرك: عروة لم يدرك صفية.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٧٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٢٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٢٦ من طريق عبد الكريم بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":152},{"text":"١٢٩٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أُصيبَ بها- يَعنِى في غَزوَةِ مُؤتَةَ- ناسٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وغَنِمَ المُسلِمونَ بَعضَ أمتِعَةِ المُشرِكينَ، فكانَ ممّا غَنِموا خاتَمًا (^١) جاءَ به رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: قَتَلتُ صاحِبَه يَومَئذٍ. فنَفَّلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إيّاه (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٠٥ - قال الواقِدِىُّ: وحَدَّثَنِى بُكَيرُ بنُ مِسمارٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه قال: حَضَرتُ مُؤْتَةَ، فبارَزَنِى رَجُلٌ مِنهُم يَومَئذٍ فأصبتُه، وعَلَيه بَيضةٌ له فيها ياقوتَةٌ، فلَم يَكُنْ هِمَّتِى إلَّا الياقوتَةَ فأخَذتُها، فلَمّا رَجَعتُ إلَى المَدينَةِ أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بها فنَفَّلَنيها، فبِعتُها زَمَنَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - بمائَةِ دينارٍ فاشتَرَيتُ بها حَديقَةً (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ على بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: بارَزَ عَقيلُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - رَجُلًا يَومَ مُؤتَةَ فقَتَلَه، فنَفَّلَه سَيفَه وتُرسَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٢) مغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٧٦٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٧٤، والواقدى في المغازى ٢/ ٧٦٩، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٦/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٤١/ ١٦ من طريق المصنف به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٤٢٠) من طريق شريك به، وفيه: \"خاتمه وسلبه\". وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٣١: وفيه عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل وهو حسن الحديث وفيه ضعف وبقية رجاله ثقات.","vol":"13","page":153},{"text":"١٢٩٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي الوَليدُ بنُ صالِحٍ النَّخَّاسُ (^١)، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرٍ - أو هو مِن حَديثِ جابِرٍ - قال: بارَزَ عَقيلُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ رَجُلًا يَومَ مُؤْتَةَ، فنَفَّلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَيفَه وتُرسَه (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ، أن عَقيلَ بنَ أبى طالِبِ - ﵁ - قَتَلَ رَجُلًا يَومَ مُؤْتَةَ، فأصابَ عَلَيه خاتَمًا فيه فصٌّ أحمَرُ فيه تِمثالٌ، فَأتَى به رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأخَذَه ونَظَرَ إلَيه فقالَ: \"لَو لَم يَكُنْ فيه تمثالٌ! \". قالَ: ثُمَّ نَفَّلَه إيّاه. قال: فهو عِندَنا.\nهذا يَدُلُّ على أن الحديثَ له أصلٌ، وجابِرٌ الَّذِى رَوَى عنه أبو خَيثَمَةَ هو الجُعفِىُّ، والَّذِى رَوَى عنه ابنُ عَقيلٍ هو جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ -.\nورَواه أبو حَمزَةَ عن جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ عن أبى حَمزَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: واختَلَفوا في قاتِلِ مَرحَبٍ؛ مِنهُم مَن قال: قَتلَه علىُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦، ز، م: \"النحاس\". وهو الوليد بن صالح النخاس الضبى أبو محمد الجزرى بياع الرقيق. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٨، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٥٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٤١/ ١٦ من طريق المصنف به، ٤١/ ١٥، ١٦ من طريق الوليد بن صالح به.\n(^٣) إسحاق بن راهويه - كما في الإتحاف للبوصيرى (٥٥٨٢)، والمطالب العالية لابن حجر (٢٤٧٥).","vol":"13","page":154},{"text":"ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، ومِنهُم مَن قال: قَتَلَه محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ الأنصارِىُّ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٢٩٠٩ - فأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ هو الواقِدِىُّ قال: وقيلَ: إنَّ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ ضرَبَ ساقَىْ مَرحَبٍ فقَطَعَهُما، فقالَ مَرحَبٌ: أجهِزْ علَىَّ يا محمدُ. فقالَ محمدٌ: ذُقِ المَوتَ كما ذاقَه أخِى مَحمودٌ. وجاوَزَه، فمَرَّ به علىُّ بنُ أبى طالب - ﵁ - فضرَبَ عُنُقَه وأخَذَ سَلَبَه، فاختَصَما إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - في سَلَبِهِ، فقالَ محمدٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، واللهِ ما قَطَعتُ رِجلَيه وتَرَكتُه إلَّا ليَذوقَ المَوتَ، وقَد كُنتُ قادِرًا على أن أُجهِزَ عَلَيه. فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - صدَقَ، ضرَبتُ عُنُقَه بعدَ أن قَطَعَ رِجلَيه. فأعطَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - سَلَبَه محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ؛ سَيفَه ودِرعَه ومِغفَرَه وبَيضَتَه، وكانَ عِندَ آلِ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ سَيفُه فيه كِتابٌ لا يُدرَى ما هو حَتَّى قَرأه يَهودِىٌّ مِن يَهودِ تَيماءَ، فإِذا فيه: هذا سَيفُ مَرحَب، مَن يَذُقْه يَعطَبْ (^١).\n\n١٢٩١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُمَرَ الحارِثىُّ، عن أبى عُفَيرٍ محمدِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ قال: لما تَحَوَّلَ رسول الله - ﷺ - إلَى الشِّقِّ يَعنِى مِن خَيبَرَ، خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ فصاحَ: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فبَرَزَ له أبو دُجانَةَ قَد عَصَبَ رأسَه بعِصابَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٥٥)، والدلائل (٤/ ٢١٦)، ومغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٦٥٦.","vol":"13","page":155},{"text":"حَمراءَ فوقَ المِغفَرِ، يَختالُ في مِشيَتِه، فضَرَبَه فقَطَعَ رِجلَيه، ثُمَّ ذَفَّفَ عَلَيه (^١) وأخَذَ سَلَبَه؛ دِرعَه وسَيفَه، فجاءَ به إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فنفَّلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذاكَ (^٢). هذا والَّذِى قَبلَه مُنقَطِعٌ، وفِى الأحاديثِ المَوصولَةِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٢٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، حَدَّثَنِى [ابنُ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن سَمُرَةَ] (^٣) قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا فلَه سلَبُه\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2811>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَخميسِ السَّلَبِ</span>\n\n١٢٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ وخالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى في السَّلَبِ لِلقاتِلِ،\n_________\n(^١) التذفيف على الجريج: الإجهاز عليه وتحرير قتله. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٦٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٤، ٢٢٥. ومغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٦٦٧، ٦٦٨. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٤٧٧: الواقدى واه.\n(^٣) في ص ٦: \"سمرة بن جندب\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٨) من طريق أبى مالك به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (١٠٠٧): هذا إسناد فيه ابن سمرة بن جندب واسمه سليمان، ذكره ابن حبان في الثقات. وقال ابن القطان حاله مجهول. وباقى رجاله موثقون.","vol":"13","page":156},{"text":"ولَم يُخَمِّسِ السَّلَبَ (^١).\n\n١٢٩١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى صَفوانُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ ابنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ في غَزوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ، ورافَقَنِى مَدَدِىٌّ (^٢) مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ لَيسَ مَعَه غَيرُ سَيفِه، فنَحَرَ (^٣) رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ جَزُورًا، فسألَه المَدَدِىُّ طائفَةً مِن جِلدِه فأعطاه إيّاه، فاتَّخَذَه كَهَيئَةِ الدَّرَقِ (^٤)، ومَضينا فلَقِينا جُموعَ الرّومِ، وفيهِم رَجُلٌ على فرَسٍ له أشقَرَ عَلَيه سَرْج مُذَهَّبٌ وسِلاحٌ مُذَهَّب، فجَعَلَ الرّومِىُّ يَفرِى (^٥) بالمُسلِمينَ، وقَعَدَ له المَدَدِىُّ خَلفَ صَخرَةٍ، فمَرَّ به الرُّومِىُّ، فعَرقَبَ فرَسَه فخَرَّ، وعَلاه فقَتَلَه، وحازَ فرَسَه وسِلاحَه، فلَمّا فتَحَ اللهُ ﷿ لِلمُسلِمينَ بَعَثَ إلَيه خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ فأخَذَ مِنَ السَّلَبِ. قال عَوفٌ: فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: يا خالِدُ، أما عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَضى بالسَّلَبِ لِلقاتِلِ؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٢١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٩٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٧٧٣) عن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٨٨) من طريق صفوان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٦٣).\n(^٢) مددى: رجل ممن جاء في المدد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٧٥. وينظر اللسان ٣/ ٣٩٦ (م د د).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فجزر\".\n(^٤) الدَّرَق: جمع دَرَقة، وهى ترس يتخذ من جلود. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ١/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٥) يفرى: يبالغ في النكاية والقتل. النهاية ٣/ ٤٤٢.","vol":"13","page":157},{"text":"بَلَى، ولَكِنِّى استَكثَرتُه. قُلتُ: لَتَرُدَّنَّه إلَيه أو لأُعَرِّفَنَّكَها عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. [فأبَى أن يَرُدَّ] (^١) عَلَيه. قال عَوفٌ: فاجتَمَعنا عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقَصَصتُ عَلَيه قِصَّةَ المَدَدِىِّ وما فعَلَ خالِدٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا خالِدُ، ما حَمَلَكَ على ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، استَكثَرتُه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا خالِدُ، رُدَّ عَلَيه ما أخَذتَ مِنه\". قال عَوفٌ: فقُلتُ: دونَكَ يا خالِدُ، ألَم أفِ لَكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". فأخبَرتُه، قال: فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا خالِدُ، لا تَرُدَّ عَلَيه، هَل أنتُم تارِكو (^٢) لِى أُمَرائى؟ لَكُم صَفوَةُ أمرِهِم وعَلَيهِم كَدَرُه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ قال: سألتُ ثَورًا عن هذا الحديثِ، فحَدَّثَنِى عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ نَحوَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قال لن نرد\".\n(^٢) قال النووى: هكذا هو في بعض النسخ: \"تاركو\" بغير نون، وفى بعضها: \"تاركون\". بالنون، وهذا هو الأصل، والأول صحيح أيضًا، وهو لغة معروفة، وقد جاءت بها أحاديث كثيرة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٢/ ٦٤، ٦٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧١٩)، وأحمد (٢٣٩٩٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٤٢) من طربق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٥٣/ ٤٤).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٧٢٠)، وأحمد عقب (٢٣٩٩٧).","vol":"13","page":158},{"text":"١٢٩١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىُّ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يكنْ يُخَمِّسُ السَّلَبَ، وأن مَدَديًّا كان رَفيقًا لَهُم في غَزوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٢٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَمِيرُويَه الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن أوَّلَ سَلَبٍ خُمِّسَ في الإسلامِ سَلَبُ البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ؛ كان حَمَلَ على المَرْزُبانِ فطَعَنَه فقَتَلَه، وتَفَرَّقَ عنه أصحابُه، فنَزَلَ إلَيه فأخَذَ مِنطَقَتَه وسِوارَيْه، فلَمّا قَدِمَ مَشَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حَتَّى أتَى أبا طَلحَةَ الأنصارِىَّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: يا أبا طَلحَةَ، إنّا كُنّا لا نُخَمِّسُ السَّلَبَ، وإِنَّ سَلَبَ البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ مالٌ وأنا خامِسُه. فقَوَّموا المِنطَقَةَ والسِّوارَينِ ثَلاثينَ ألفًا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٥٣) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم وحده. وأخرجه البرقانى- كما في الجمع بين الصحيحين للحميدى عقب (٢٩٧٥) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأبو عوانة (٦٦٥٢) عن على بن سهل به. وابن حبان (٤٨٤٤) من طريق الوليد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٦٣٥) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"13","page":159},{"text":"١٢٩١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن البَراءِ- يَعنِى ابنَ مالكٍ - بارَزَ مَرزُبانَ الزّأْرَةِ (^١) فحَمَلَ عَلَيه بالرُّمحِ فدَقَّ صُلبَه وأخَذَ سِوارَيْه وأخَذَ مِنطَقَتَه، فصَلَّى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَومًا صَلاةً ثُمَّ قال: أثَمَّ أبو طَلحَةَ؟ إنا كُنّا نُنَفِّلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ سَلَبَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الكُفّارِ إذا قَتَلَه، وإِنَّ سَلَبَ البَراءِ قَد بَلَغَ مالًا، ولا أُرانِى إلَّا خامِسَه. فقيلَ لمحَمَّدٍ: فخَمَّسَه؟ فقالَ: لا أدرِى (^٢).\nورُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسٍ أنَّه خَمَّسَه:\n\n١٢٩١٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ ابنُ عامِرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن البَراءَ بنَ مالكٍ قَتَلَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ مِائَةَ رَجُلٍ إلَّا رَجُلًا (^٣) مُبارَزَةً، وإِنَّهُم لما غَزَوُا الزّأرَةَ خَرَجَ دِهقانُ (^٤) الزّأرَةِ فقالَ: رَجُلٌ ورَجُلٌ. فبَرَزَ إلَيه البَراءُ، فاختَلَفا بسَيفَيهِما ثُمَّ اعتَنَقا، فتَوَرَّكَه البَراءُ فقَعَدَ\n_________\n(^١) المرزبان: معرب، وهو الكبير من الفرس، والجمع المرازبة، ويقال للأسد: مرزبان الزأرة؛ على الاستعارة؛ لأن الزأرة الأجمة، وأما ما هنا فهو إما لقب لذلك المبارز كما يلقب بالأسد، أو مضاف إلى الزأرة قرية بالبحرين. ينظر المغرب ١/ ٣٢٧، ٣٢٨، وما سيأتي في الأثر التالى.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٦٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٢٩ من طريق أيوب به بنحوه دون قول ابن سيرين في آخره.\n(^٣) رسمت في الأصل، س: \"رجل\"، ووضع فوقها في الأصل فتحتين.\n(^٤) الدهقان: بكسر الدال وضمها، رئيس القرية. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٤٥.","vol":"13","page":160},{"text":"على كبِدِه، ثُمَّ أخَذَ السَّيفَ فذَبَحَه، وأخَذَ سِلاحَه ومِنطَقَتَه، وأتَى به عُمَرَ فنَفَّلَه السِّلاحَ، وقَوَّمَ المِنطَقَةَ ثَلاثينَ ألفًا فخَمَّسَها وقالَ: إنَّها مالٌ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: هَذِه الرِّوايَةُ مِن خَمسِ السَّلَبِ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - لَيسَت مِن رِوايَتِنا، ولَه رِوايَةٌ عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - في رمانِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - تُخالِفُها (^٢).\n\n١٢٩١٩ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبَرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه يُقالُ له: شَبرُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ. قال: بارَزتُ رَجُلًا يَومَ القادِسيَّةِ فقَتَلتُه، فبَلَغَ سَلَبُه اثنَىْ عَشَرَ ألفًا فنَفَّلَنيه سَعدٌ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: واثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا كَثيرٌ (^٣).\nورُوِى فيه عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٢٩٢٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ ميكالَ، أخبَرَنا عبدانُ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو السُّكَينِ زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى الطّائىُّ، حدثنا [عَمُّ أبى زَحرُ] (^٤) بنُ حِصنٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى حُمَيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر الرزاز (٣٠١).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٤٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٣٧)، والصغرى (٣٥٨١، ٣٥٨٢)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٤٣ وفيه: \"سير بن علقمة\". وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٩٣) عن سفيان بن عيينة به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٧٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٦٣٣) من طريق الأسود بن قيس به، وصحف فيه الأسود إلى سعد.\n(^٤) في س: \"عمى زجر\"، وفى ز: \"عمى ابن زحر\".","vol":"13","page":161},{"text":"مُنهِبٍ قال: قال خُرَيمُ بنُ أوسِ بنِ حارِثَةَ بنِ لأْمٍ: لَم يَكُنْ أحَدٌ أعدَى لِلعَرَبِ مِن هُرمُزَ، فلَمّا فرَغنا مِن مُسَيلِمَةَ وأصحابِه أقبَلَ إلَى ناحيَةِ البَصرَةِ، فلَقِينا هُرمُزَ بكاظِمَةَ (^١) في جَمعٍ عَظيمٍ، فبَرَزَ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ ودَعا إلَى البِرازِ، فبَرَزَ له هُرمُزُ، فقَتَلَه خالِدٌ - ﵁ -، وكَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -، فنَفَّلَه سَلَبَه، فبَلَغت قَلَنْسُوَةُ هُرمُزَ مِائَةَ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ، وكانَتِ الفُرسُ إذا شَرُفَ (^٢) فيهِمُ الرَّجُلُ جَعَلوا قَلَنسُوَتَه بمائَةِ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدٍ النَّجّارُ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبِيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: السَّلَبُ مِنَ النَّفَلِ، والنَّفَلُ مِنَ الخُمُسِ (^٤). كَذا قال ابنُ عباسٍ، والأحاديثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في السَّلَبِ تَدُلُّ على أنَّه يُخرَجُ مِن رأسِ الغَنيمَةِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِذا ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - - بأبِى هو وأُمِّى- شَيءٌ\n_________\n(^١) كاظمَة: موضع فسيح منخفض على سيف البحر من البصرة على مرحلتين. وتقع الآن في الكويت. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٣/ ٣٦٥ (ك ظ م)، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١٤١.\n(^٢) في م: \"شرفوا\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٩٩، وفيه: عمر أن بن زحر، وحدثنى حميد قال: قال جدى أوس بن حارثة. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٣٨٠٣) عن عبدان به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٣٢: وفيه من لم أعرفه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٠٨١) عن إبراهيم به.","vol":"13","page":162},{"text":"لَم يَجُزْ تَركُه. قال: ولَم يَستَثنِ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قَليلَ السَّلَبِ ولا كَثيرَه (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2812>بابٌ: الوَجهُ الثّانِى مِنَ النَّفَلِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ورِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سَرِيَّةً وأنا فيهِم قِبَلَ نَجدٍ فغَنِموا إبِلًا كَثيرَةً، وكانَت سُهمانُهُمُ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا أوأحَدَ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا، ونُفِّلوا بَعيرًا بَعيرًا. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ والشّافِعِىِّ: أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً فيها عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ. والباقِى مِثلُهَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٥٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٤٣، ومالك ٢/ ٤٥٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٢٨٨)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٣٣). وسيأتى في (١٣٠٧٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣١٣٤)، ومسلم (١٧٤٩/ ٣٥).","vol":"13","page":163},{"text":"١٢٩٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ ابنُ اللَّيثِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِع، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قِبَلَ نَجدٍ فيهِم عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، وأن سُهمانَهُم بَلَغَ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا، ونُفِّلوا سِوَى ذَلِكَ بَعيرًا بَعيرًا، فلَم يُغَيِّرْه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جَيشًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ كُنتُ فيهِم، فبَلَغَت سُهمانُنا اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا، ونَفَّلَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعيرًا بَعيرًا؛ فرَجَعنا بثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: ونُفِّلنا بَعيرًا بَعيرًا؛ لَم يَذكُرْ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٣٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٤٩/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٥١٧) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وأحمد (٤٥٧٩) من طريق أيوب به دون قوله: \"فرجعنا. . .\".\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٤٩) عقب (٣٧)، والبخارى (٤٣٣٨).","vol":"13","page":164},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^١). ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وموسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ وغَيرُهُما عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَهُم (^٢)، واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ بَعْثًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فبَعَثَ مِن ذَلِكَ البَعثِ سَرِيَّةً فيهِم عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، فحَدَّثَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أن سِهامَ البَعثِ بَلَغَتِ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا، ونُفِّلَ أصحابُ السَّرِيَّةِ التى فيها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ بَعيرًا بَعيرًا؛ فكانَ لأصحابِ السَّريَّةِ ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ ولأصحابِ البَعثِ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرَّزَّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَريَّةٍ فأصَبنا نَعَمًا كَثيرًا، فأخَذَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ بَعيرًا بَعيرًا، فلَمّا قَدِمنا أعطانا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سِهامَنا، فأصابَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٦٠٩) من طريق مسدد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٨٠)، ومسلم (١٧٤٩/ ٣٧)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٥) من طريق عبيد الله به. ومسلم (١٧٤٩) عقب (٣٧)، وأبو عوانة (٦٦١٧) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٤١) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٧٩).","vol":"13","page":165},{"text":"اثنَىْ عَشَرَ بَعيرًا سِوَى البَعيرِ الَّذِى نُفِّلَ، فما عابَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولا على الَّذِى أعطانا (^١).\nورَواه عبدَةُ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: فنَفَّلَنا أميرُنا بَعيرًا بَعيرًا لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: نَفَّلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً مِن سَراياه بَعَثَها إلَى نَجدٍ، فنَفَّلَهُم مِن إبِلٍ جاءوا بها نَفَلًا سِوَى نَصيبِهِم مِنَ المَغنَمِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٢٨ - وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيه قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَريَّةٍ، فبَلَغَت سُهمانُنا كَذا وكَذا، ونَفَّلَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعيرًا بَعيرًا (^٤). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٥٦٥٦) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٤٣) من طريق عبدة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٥٠/ ٣٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٥٠/ ٣٨).","vol":"13","page":166},{"text":"فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٢٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ ذَكوانَ ومَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقيّانِ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وهبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مَكحولًا يقولُ: كُنتُ عبدًا بمِصرَ لإِمرأةٍ مِن هُذَيلٍ فأعتَقَتنِى، فما خَرَجتُ مِن مِصرَ وبِها عِلمٌ إلَّا حَوَيتُ عَلَيه فيما أُرَى، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ الشّامَ فغَربَلتُها، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ أسألُ عن النَّفَلِ فلَم أجِدْ أحَدًا يُخبِرُنِى فيه بشَئٍ، حَتَّى لَقِيتُ شَيخًا يُقالُ له: زيادُ بنُ جاريَةَ التَّميمِىُّ. فقُلتُ له: هَل سَمِعتَ في النَّفَلِ شَيئًا؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، سَمِعتُ حَبيبَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ الفِهرِىَّ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ الرُّبُعَ في البَدْأةِ والثُّلُثَ في الرَّجعَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عَنهُما (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٣٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: سَمِعتُ مَكحولًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ جاريَةَ التَّميمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ حَبيبَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٦٢١) من طريق محمد بن الصلت به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٣.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٥٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٨٩).","vol":"13","page":167},{"text":"شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٣١ - قال سعيدٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جاريَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ أنَّه قال: نَفَّلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في البَدأةِ الرُّبُعَ وفِى الزَجعَةِ الثُّلُثَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ التَّنُوخِىُّ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جاريَةَ التَّميمِىِّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٣٣ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ في مَبدئِهِ الرُّبُعَ، فلَمّا قَفَلَ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ.\n\n١٢٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ المَيمونِىُّ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٢٨٦) من طريق معاوية بن عمرو به. وأحمد (١٧٤٦٣) من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٨٤٩)، والطبرانى (٣٥٣٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو مسهر في نسخته (١٨) عن سعيد بن عبد العزيز به. وينظر (١٣١٨٠).","vol":"13","page":168},{"text":"الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُنَفِّلُ في مَبدَئه في الغَزاةِ الرُّبُعَ، وإِذا قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ (ح) (^٢) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، جَميعًا عن الثَّورِىِّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، زادَ: بعدَ الخُمُسِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2813>بابٌ: النَّفَلُ بعدَ الخُمُسِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى، عنِ عُقَيلٍ، عنِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٢٦)، والترمذى (١٥٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: حسن.\n(^٢) بعده في س: \"حدثنا سفيان عن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث، حدثنا عياش بن أبى ربيعة، حدثنى سليمان ابن موسى، عن مكحول، عن أبى سلام\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٦٢، ٣٩٦٣)، والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٣٥٨٢) عن الدبرى وحده. وعبد الرزاق (٩٣٣٤) وليس في إسناده: \"أبو سلام\". وليس عند الطبرانى وعبد الرزاق: \"بعد الخمس\".","vol":"13","page":169},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد كان يُنَفِّلُ بَعضَ مَن يَبعَثُ مِنَ السَّرايا لأنفُسِهِم خاصَّةً النَّفَلَ سِوَى قَسمِ عامَّةِ الجَيشِ، والخُمُسُ في ذَلِكَ واجِبٌ كُلِّه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ ابنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ الشّامِىِّ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جاريَةَ التَّميمِىِّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُنَفِّلُ الثُّلُثَ بعدَ الخُمُسِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الزُّبَيرِىِّ: أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ، أُراه بعدَ الخُمُسِ، ثُمَّ نَفَّلَ ما بَقِى (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ ابنُ صالِحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٦٤)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٥٠) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٥٠/ ٤٠)، والبخارى (٣١٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧٤٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٨٧).","vol":"13","page":170},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ جاريَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُنَفِّلُ الرُّبُعَ بعدَ الخُمُسِ، أظُنُّه قال: والثُّلُثَ بعدَ الخُمُسِ إذا قَفَلَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صالِحٍ: كان يُنَفِّلُ إذا فصَلَ (^١) في الغَزوَةِ الرُّبُعَ بعدَ الخُمُسِ، ويُنَفَّلُ إذا قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ بعدَ الخُمُسِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا الحِنّائىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو الجوَيريَةِ قال: وجَدتُ جَرَّةً خضراءَ في إمارَةِ مُعاويَةَ في أرضِ العَدوِّ وعَلَينا رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ يُقالُ له: مَعنُ بنُ يَزيدَ، فأتَيتُه بها فقَسَمَها بَينَ النّاسِ وأعطانِى مِثلَ ما أعطَى رَجُلًا مِنهُم، ثُمَّ قال: لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ، ورأيتُه يَفعَلُه؛ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا نَفَلَ إلَّا بعدَ الخُمُسِ\". لأعطَيتُكَ. وأخَذَ يَعرِضُ علَىَّ مِن نَصيبِه فأبَيتُ وقُلتُ: ما أنا بأحَقَّ به مِنكَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٤٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى،\n_________\n(^١) فصل: خرج. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٨٣)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٦٥) من طريق معاوية بت صالح به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٣٧٣) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٢٧٥٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وفيه: جرة حمراء. وأبو عوانة (٢٧٥٣) من طريق أبى عاصم بنحوه. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٩٢).","vol":"13","page":171},{"text":"حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2814>بابٌ: النَّفَلُ مِن خُمُسِ الخُمُسِ سَهمِ المَصالِحِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٤١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُرِّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُنَفِّلُ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ فريضَةُ الخُمُسِ في المَغنَمِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ ﴿أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ﴾ تَرَكَ النَّفَلَ الَّذِى كان يُنَفِّلُ، وصارَ ذَلِكَ إلَى خُمُسِ الخُمُسِ مِن سَهمِ اللَّهِ وسَهمِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: كان النّاسُ يُعطَوْنَ النَّفَلَ مِن الخُمُسِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٦٢) عن عفان بنحوه، وفيه: جرة حمراء.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٨٤)، والمعرفة (٣٩٦٥)، ومجموع مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى (٧٠٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٨٣٥) من طريق زهير به. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٧٩).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٤٥٦، وعنه الشافعى ٤/ ١٤٣. وسيأتى في (١٣٠٧٩).","vol":"13","page":172},{"text":"القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ حَمّادٍ البَربَرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، قالا: حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَابِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الأبيَضِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مِقْسَمٍ قال: سألتُ مالكَ بنَ أوسِ ابنِ الحَدَثانِ عنِ النَّفَلِ فقالَ: لَقَد رَكِبتُ الخَيلَ في الجاهِليَّةِ، وما أدرَكتُ النّاسَ يُنَفَّلونَ إلَّا مِنَ الخُمُسِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2815>بابُ كَراهيَةِ النَّفَلِ مِن هذا الوَجهِ إذا لَم تكنْ حاجَةٌ</span>\n\n١٢٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ هو الفَزارِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أغارَ في أرضِ العَدوِّ نَفَّلَ الرُّبُعَ، وإِذا أقبَلَ راجِعًا وكَلَّ النّاسُ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ، وكانَ يَكرَهُ الأنفالَ ويَقولُ: \"لِيَرُدَّ قَوِىُّ المُؤمِنينَ على ضَعيفِهِم\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \". . . بتشديد اللام. . . بخطه خلافًا لمحمد بن زكريا الغلابى في أنه مخفف غير أنه قال في. . . نسبة إلى امرأة يقال لها: غلاب. وشدد اللام، وهذا يقضى عليه بأنه أيضًا بتخفيف اللام إذ لا يعرف في المرأة إلا غلَاب بالتخفيف على وزن قطام وسائر الباب والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٥٦/ ٣٦٩ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٦٢) عن معاوية بن عمرو به مطولًا. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ٩٢: ورجال أحمد ثقات.","vol":"13","page":173},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ:\n\n١٢٩٤٥ - حَدَّثَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَهضمٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ يَعنِى ابنَ عَيّاشٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه وبَعضِ مَعناه (^١)، وحَديثُ الفَزارِىِّ أتَمُّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2816>بابٌ: الوَجهُ الثّالِثُ مِنَ النَّفَلِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ قال: سألتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ عن الأنفالِ فقالَ: فينا أصحابَ بَدرٍ نَزَلَت؛ وذَلِكَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ التَقَى النّاسُ ببَدرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امرِئٍ ما أصابَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في نُزولِ الآَيَةِ والقِسمَةِ بَينَهُم، وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ في أوَّلِ هذا الكِتابِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ: إذا بَعَثَ الإمامُ سَريَّةً أو جَيشًا فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٥٥) من طريق محمد بن جهضم به مطولًا. وتقدم في (١٢٨٤١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٨٤٠).","vol":"13","page":174},{"text":"لَهُم قبلَ اللِّقاءِ: مَن غَنِمَ شَيئًا فهو له بعدَ الخُمُسِ. فذَلِكَ لَهُم على (^١) ما شَرَطَ؛ لأنَّهُم على ذَلِكَ غَزَوْا وبِه رَضُوا. وذَهَبُوا في هذا إلَى أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"مَن أخَذَ شَيئًا فهو له\". وذَلِكَ قبلَ نُزولِ الخُمُسِ، واللهُ أعلمُ، ولَى أعلَمْ شَيئًا يَثبُتُ عِندَنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بهَذا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: الَّذِى رُوِى في هذا ما ذَكَرنا، وقَد رُوِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما يُخالِفُه في لَفظِه:\n\n١٢٩٤٧ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ داودَ بنَ أبى هِندٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِى يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"مَن فعَلَ كَذا وكَذا وأتَى مَكانَ كَذا وكَذا فلَه كَذا وكَذا\". فتَسارَعَ إلَيه الشُّبّانُ وثَبَتَ الشُّيوخُ عِندَ الرّاياتِ، فلَمّا فُتِحَ لَهُم جاءَ الشَّبابُ يَطلُبونَ ما جُعِلَ لَهُم، وقالَ الأشياخُ: لا تَذهَبوا به دونّنا؛ فقَد كُنّا رِدْءًا لَكُم. فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا فلَه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بعض\".\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٩٧)، وابن حبان (٥٠٩٣) من طريق معتمر به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٣٨، ١٢٨٣٩).","vol":"13","page":175},{"text":"كَذا وكَذا، ومَن أسَرَ أسيرًا فلَه كَذا وكَذا\". قال: ثُمَّ ساقَ الحديثَ (^١). وهَذا بخِلافِ الأوَّلِ في كَيفيَّةِ الشَّرْطيَّةِ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا في غَنيمَةِ بَدرٍ أنَّها كانَت قبلَ نُزولِ الخُمُسِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ قَولُه: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]. فصارَ الأمرُ إلَيه، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٢٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ ابنُ محمدٍ المُبارَكِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سَهلُ ابنُ عثمانَ العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، حدثنا مُجالِدٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ قال: لما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ بَعَثَنا في رَكْبٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: وكانَ الفَئُ إذ ذاكَ: مَن أخَذَ شَيئًا فهو له. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في بَعثِه عَلَيهِم عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَحشٍ الأسَدِىَّ. قال: وكانَ أوَّلَ أميرٍ أُمِّرَ في الإسلامِ (^٢).\nوفِى هذا دَلالَةٌ على أن ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ نُزولِ الآيَةِ في الغَنيمَةِ والفَئِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٣٨). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٢١ من طريق هشيم به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٤ عن ابن عبدان وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٩) من طريق مجالد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ٦٧: وفيه المجالد بن سعيد، وهو ضعيف عند الجمهور، ووثقه النسائي في رواية، وبقية رجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":176},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2817>جِماعُ أبوابِ تَفريقِ القَسْمِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2818>بابُ قِسمَةِ ما حَصَلَ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ مِن دارٍ وأرضٍ وغَيِر ذَلِكَ مِنَ المالِ أو شَئٍ</span>\n\n١٢٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ثَورٌ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سالِمٌ مَولَى ابنِ مُطِيعٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: افتَتَحنا خَيبَرَ فلَم نَغنَمْ ذَهَبًا ولا فِضَّةً، إنَّما غَنِمنا الإبِلَ والبَقَرَ والمَتاعَ والحَوائطَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مُعاويَة بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ القَواريرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: لَولا أن (^٣) أترُكَ آخِرَ النّاسِ لا شَئَ لَهُم، ما افتَتَحَ المُسلِمونَ قَريَةً إلا قَسَمْتُها بَينَهُم، كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ وأبِى موسَى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) السير للفزارى (٤٠٠) بأتم منه. وسيأتى في (١٨٢٥٣، ١٨٤٣٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٣٤).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ز.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٤) - وعنه أبو داود (٣٠٢٠) - من طريق مالك به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٣٣٤، ٤٢٣٦).","vol":"13","page":177},{"text":"١٢٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدُوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ أن محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ المَدينِىَّ أخبَرَهُم قال: أخبرَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: أَمَا والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَولا أن أترُكَ آخِرَ الناسِ بَبَّانًا (^١) لَيسَ لَهُم شَيءٌ ما فُتِحَتْ علَىَّ قَريَةٌ إلَّا قَسَمتُها كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ، ولَكِنْ أترُكُها لَهُم حِراثَةً (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُؤَذِّنُ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ ابنِ أبى حَثمَةَ قال: قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ نِصفَينِ؛ نِصفٌ لِنَوائبِه وحاجَتِه، ونِصف بَينَ المُسلِمينَ قَسَمَها بَينَهُم على ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بَيَّانًا\" بباء ثم ياء مشددة. وهما بمعنى: لولا أن أتركهم فقراء معدمين لا شيء لهم؛ أي متساوين في الفقر. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٩١، وفتح البارى ١/ ٨٤، ٧/ ٤٩٠. وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٢٩٦٠، ١٣١٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٢٢) من طريق ابن أبى مريم وقال في آخره: \"ولم أتركها\" بدل: \"ولكن أتركها\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٣٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٠١٠). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٥١ عن الربيع بن سليمان به. والطبرانى (٥٦٣٤) من طريق أسد بن موسى به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٠١): حسن صحيح.","vol":"13","page":178},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرٍ مَولَى الأنصارِ، عن رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لما ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ قَسَمَها على سِتَّةٍ وثَلاثينَ سَهمًا، جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهمٍ مِائَةَ سَهمٍ (^١)، فكانَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولِلمُسلِمينَ النِّصفُ مِن ذَلِكَ، وعَزَلَ النِّصفَ الباقِى لمن يَنزِلُ به مِنَ الوُفودِ والأُمورِ ونَوائبِ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ يَعنِى سُلَيمانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: لما أفاءَ اللهُ على نَبيِّه - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ قَسَمَها على سِتَّةٍ وثَلاثينَ سَهمًا، جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهمٍ مائَةَ سَهمٍ، فعَزَلَ نِصفَها لِنَوائبِه وما يَنزِلُ به، الوَطيحَةَ والكُتَيْبَةَ وما أُحِيزَ مَعَهُما، وعَزَلَ النِّصفَ الآخَرَ فقَسَمَه بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، الشَّقَّ والنَّطاةَ وما أُحيزَ مَعَهُما، وكانَ سَهمُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيما أُحيزَ مَعَهُم (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: والعِلَّةُ فيما لَم يُقسَمْ مِنها بَينَ المُسلِمينَ أنَّه فُتِحَ صُلحًا، فكانَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n_________\n(^١) يعنى: أعطى لكل مائة رجل سهمًا. عون المعبود ٣/ ١١٩.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٠١٢) من طريق محمد بن فضيل بنحوه. وصحح إسناده الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٠٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠١٣). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٠٤).","vol":"13","page":179},{"text":"١٢٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ وبَعضِ ولَدِ محمدِ ابنِ مَسلَمَةَ قالوا: بَقِيَتْ بَقِيَّةٌ مِن أهلِ خَيبَرَ فحَصَّنو ا (^١)، فسألوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَحقِنَ دِماءهُم ويُسَيِّرَهُم ففَعَلَ، فسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ أهلُ فَدَكٍ فنَزَلوا على مِثلِ ذَلِكَ، فكانَت لِرسولِ اللهِالله عليه وسلم - خالِصَةً؛ لأنَّه لَم يُوجِفْ عَلَيها بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قُرئَ على الحارِثِ بنِ مِسكينٍ وأنا شاهِدٌ: أخبَرَكُمُ ابنُ وَهْبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن خَيبَرَ كان بَعضها عَنوَةً وبَعضُها صُلحًا، والكُتَيبَةُ أكثَرُها عَنوَةٌ وفيها صُلحٌ. قُلتُ لِمالِكٍ: وما الكُتَيبَةُ؟ قال: أرضُ خَيبَرَ، وهِى أربَعونَ ألفَ عَذقٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ز: \"منا\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٨٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠١٦). وضعف إسناده الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٥٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٠١٧). وأخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٧٦ من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٥١).","vol":"13","page":180},{"text":"عَمَّن سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ المُغيرَةِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ وهبٍ الخَوْلانِىَّ يقولُ: إنّا لما فتَحنا مِصرَ بغَيرِ عَهدٍ قامَ الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ فقالَ: اقسِمْها يا عمرَو بنَ العاصِ. فقالَ عمرٌو: لا أقسِمُها. فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: واللَّهِ لَتَقسِمَنَّها كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ. فقالَ عمرٌو: واللَّهِ لا أقسِمُها حَتَّى أكتُبَ إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطاب - ﵁ -: أَقِرَّها حَتَّى يَغزُوَ مِنها حَبَلُ الحَبَلَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٥٩ - قال: وأخبَرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ وهبٍ بهَذا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَ عمرٌو: لَم أكُنْ لأُحدِثَ فيها شيئًا حَتَّى أكتُبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. فكَتَبَ إلَيه، فكَتَبَ إلَيه بهَذا (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لما افتَتَحَ الشّامَ قامَ إلَيه بلالٌ فقالَ: لَتَقسِمَنَّها أو لَنَتَضارَبَنَّ عَلَيها بالسَّيفِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَولا أنِّى أترُكُ يَعنِى النّاسَ بَبّانًا لا شَئَ لَهُم ما فُتِحتْ قَريَةٌ إلَّا قَسَمتُها سُهمانًا كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ، ولَكِن أترُكُها لمن بَعدَهُم جِزيَةً يَقتَسِمونَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٤) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ٢: وفيه رجل لم يسم وابن لهيعة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢/ ١٩٥ من طريق المصنف وغيره به. والبلاذرى في الفتوح ١/ ٢٥١ من طريق ابن وهب به ولم يسق لفظه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧ من طريق المصنف وغيره به.","vol":"13","page":181},{"text":"ورَواه نافِعٌ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أصابَ النّاسُ فتحًا بالشّامِ فيهِم بلالٌ، قال: وأظُنُّه ذَكَرَ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ، فكَتَبوا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في قِسمَتِه كما صَنَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بخَيبَرَ، فأبَى وأبَوْا، فدَعا عَلَيهِم فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ اكفِنِى بلالًا وأصحابَ بلالٍ (^١).\nوفِى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يَرَى مِنَ المَصلَحَةِ إقرارَ الأراضِى، وكانَ يَطلُبُ استِطابَةَ قُلوبِ الغانِمينَ، وإِذا لَم يَرضَوْا بتَركِها فالحُجَّةُ في قَسمِها قائمَةٌ بما ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في قِسمَةِ خَيبَرَ، وقَد خالَفَ الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ وبِلالٌ وأصحابُه ومُعاذٌ- على شَكٍّ مِنَ الرّاوِى- عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فيما رأى، واللهُ أعلمُ. وقَد رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - في فتحِ السَّوادِ وقَسمِه بَينَ الغانِمينَ حَتَّى استَطابَ قُلوبَهُم بالرَّدِّ ما يوافِقُ قَولَ غَيرِه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في مَوضِعِه مِنَ \"المختصر\" (^٢) إن شاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو يَعلَى المُهَلَّبِىُّ قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيُّما قَريَة أتَيتُموها وأقَمتُم فيها مَسهَمَكم (^٤) - أظُنُّه قال: فهِى لَكُم\". أو نَحوَه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٨٤٣٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"المختصرات\".\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٨٤٢٠ - ١٨٤٢٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"فسهمكم\". وينظر الرواية التالية.","vol":"13","page":182},{"text":"الكَلامِ- وأيُّما قَريَةٍ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه فإِن خُمُسَها للهِ ولِرسولِه ثُمَّ هِى لَكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ وقالَ في مَتنِه: \"أيُّما قَريَة أتَيتُموها فأقَمتُم فيها، مَسْهمُكم (^٢) فيها\" (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ وغَيرُه عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ وقالوا في مَتنِه: \"فسَهمُكُم فيها\" (^٤). فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به: \"فسَهمُكُم\". أي: سَهمُ المَصالِحِ مِن مالِ الفَئِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَعدَه ما فُتِحَ عَنوَةً.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2819>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَنِّ الإمامِ على مَن رأى مِنَ الرِّجالِ البالِغيَن مِن أهلِ الحَربِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ﴾ [محمد: ٤].\n\n١٢٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِيَاثٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٨٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠١٢٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢١٦)، وأبو داود (٣٠٣٦)، وابن حبان مختصرًا (٤٨٢٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"فسهمكم\". وكتب في الأصل فوق المثبت: \"صح\".\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٥٦/ ٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٧٥٦/ ٤٧) عن ابن رافع به.","vol":"13","page":183},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن ثَمانينَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطوا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابِه مِن جَبَلِ التَّنعيمِ عِندَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ ليَقتُلوهُم، فأخَذَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سِلْمًا فأعتَقَهُم، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١) [الفتح: ٢٤]. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو العباسِ السّيّارِىُّ وأبو أحمدَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا عليُّ ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبَرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ المُزَنِىِّ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحُدَيبيَةِ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُغَفَّلٍ: فبَينا نَحنُ كَذَلِكَ إذ خَرَجَ عَلَينا ثَلاثونَ شابًّا عَلَيهِمُ السِّلاحُ فثاروا في وُجوهِنا، فدَعا عَلَيهِمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فأخَذَ اللهُ بأبصارِهِم، فقُمْنا إلَيهِم فأخَذْناهُم، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل جِئتُم في عَهدِ أحَدٍ؟ أو: هَل جَعَلَ لَكُم أحَدٌ أمانًا؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهمَّ لا. فخَلَّى سَبيلَهُم، وأنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا﴾ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٤١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٦٨٨)، والترمذى (٣٢٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٦٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وسيأتى في (١٨٠٨٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٠٨/ ١٣٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٠، ٤٦١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥١١) من طريق حسين بن واقد به.","vol":"13","page":184},{"text":"١٢٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سِنانُ بنُ أبى سِنانٍ الدُّؤَلِىُّ وأبو سلمهَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَهُم أنَّه غَزا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةً قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فلَمّا قَفَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَفَلَ مَعَه، فأدرَكَتهُمُ القائلَةُ يَومًا في وادٍ كَثيرِ العِضاهِ (^١) فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وتَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ في العِضاهِ يَستَظِلّونَ بالشَّجَرِ، ونَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَحتَ سَمُرَةٍ فعَلَّقَ فيها سَيفَه. قال جابِرٌ: فنِمنا نَومَةً، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدعونا فأجبَناه، فإِذا عِندَه أعرابِىٌّ جالِسٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هذا اختَرَطَ سَيفِى وأنا نائمٌ، فاستَيقَظتُ وهو في يَدِه صَلْتًا فقالَ: مَن يَمنَعُكَ مِنِّى؟ فقُلتُ: اللهُ. فقالَ ثانيَةً: مَن يَمنَعُكَ مِنِّى؟ فقُلتُ: اللهُ. فشامَ (^٢) السَّيفَ وجَلَسَ\". فلَم يُعاقِبْهُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرٍ الصَّغانِىِّ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩٦٥ - أخْبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) العِضاه: بالهاء، شجر عظيم له شوك. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) شام السيف: أي أغمده، وهو من الأضداد فيأتى بمعنى السَّلّ والإغماد. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٥٢١.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٧٢) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٦١٠٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٩١٠)، ومسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٤ (٨٤٣/ ١٤).","vol":"13","page":185},{"text":"سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيلًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فجاءَت برَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى حَنيفَةَ يُقالُ له ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، سَيِّدُ أهلِ اليَمامَةِ، فرَبَطوه بساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ، فخَرَجَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ماذا عِندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". قال: عِندِى يا محمدُ خَيرٌ، إن تَقتُلْ تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن تُنعِمْ تُنعِمْ على شاكِرٍ، وإِن كُنتَ تُريدُ المالَ فسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنه ما شِئتَ. فتَرَكَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا كان مِنَ الغَدِ قال له: \"ما عِندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ لَكَ: إن تُنعِمْ تُنعِمْ على شاكِرٍ، وإِن تَقتُلْ تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن كُنتَ تُريدُ المالَ فسَلْ تُعطَى (^١) مِنه ما شِئتَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أطلِقوا ثُمامَةَ\". فانطَلَقَ إلَى نَخلٍ قَريبٍ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فاغتَسَلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأن محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، يا محمدُ، واللهِ ما كان على الأرضِ وجهٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن وجهِكَ، وقَد أصبَحَ وجهُكَ أحَبَّ الوُجوه كُلِّها إلَىَّ، وواللهِ ما كان مِن دينٍ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن دينِكَ، فأصبَحَ دينُكَ أحَبَّ الدّينِ كُلِّه إلَىَّ، واللهِ ما كان مِن بَلَدٍ ابغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن بَلَدِكَ، فأصبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أحَبَّ البِلادِ إلَىَّ، وإِنَّ خَيلَكَ أخَذَتْنِى وأنا أُريدُ العُمرَةَ، فماذا تَرَى؟ فيسَّره (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأمَرَه أن يَعتَمِرَ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ قال له قائلٌ: صَبَوتَ يا ثُمامَةُ. فقالَ: لا، ولَكِنِّى أسلَمتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، واللهِ لا تأتيكُم حَبَّةُ حِنطَةٍ حَتَّى يأذَنَ فيها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"تعط\". وكتب فوقها في الأصل: كذا.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٦، م: \"فبشره\"، وفى ز: \"فسيره\"، وكذا سيأتى في (١٨٠٨٤).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٢١، ٤٣٨٦).","vol":"13","page":186},{"text":"١٢٩٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ: أخبَرَكَ أبوكَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه زادَ: حَتَّى كان بعدَ الغَدِ قال: \"ما عِندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". فذَكَرَ مِثلَ كَلامِه. رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لأُسارَى بَدرٍ: \"لَو كان مُطعِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ حَيًّا ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِى في هَؤُلاءِ النَّتْنَى لَخَلَّيتُهُم له\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: \"في هَؤُلاءِ لأطلَقتُهُم له\". يَعنِى أُسارَى بَدرٍ. قال سفيانُ: وكانَت له عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَدٌ، وكانَ أجزَى النّاسِ باليَدِ (^٤).\n\n١٢٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٦٩، ٢٤٢٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٩٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٠٠)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٦٨٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١٣٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٩١٢٤)، والدلائل ١/ ٣٥٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٣٣) عن سفيان به دون قول سفيان في آخره.","vol":"13","page":187},{"text":"المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ [الحَسَنِ السّامِىُّ] (^١)، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال أبو عَزَّةَ يَومَ بَدرٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنتَ أعرَفُ النّاسِ بفاقَتِى وعيالِى، وإِنِّى ذو بَناتٍ. قال: فَرَقَّ له ومَنَّ عَلَيه وعَفا عنه، وخَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ بلا فِداءٍ، فلَمّا أتَى مَكَّةَ هَجا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، وحَرَّضَ المُشرِكينَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأُسِرَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، أُتِى به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يُلدَغُ المُؤمِنُ مِن جُحرٍ مَرَّتَينِ\" (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ، وهو مَشهورٌ عِندَ أهلِ المَغازِى.\n\n١٢٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عنِ ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وكانَ ممّن تَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أُسارَى بَدرٍ بغَيرِ فِداءٍ؛ المُطَّلِبُ بنُ حَنطَبٍ المخزومِىُّ، وكانَ مُحتاجًا فلَم يُفادِى (^٣)، فمَنَّ عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأبو عَزَّةَ الجُمَحِىُّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ بَناتِى. فرَحِمَه فمَنَّ عَلَيه،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحسين الشامى\".\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى كما في أطراف الغرائب ٥/ ٣٠٤ (٥٥١٧) عن على بن الحسن الشامى (كذا بالشين المعجمة) مختصرًا بقوله: \"لا يلدغ. . . إلخ\". وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٨١ من طريق الزهرى بطرفه الأخير أيضًا. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٤٨٨: قال ابن عدى: على بن الحسن أحاديثه موضوعة. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٨٠٨٣، ٢٠٤٤٦).\n(^٣) هكذا وردت هنا (فلم يفادى) بإثبات حرف العلة مع الجازم، وهى لغة صحيحة قليلة. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٩٣١٧).","vol":"13","page":188},{"text":"وصَيفِىُّ بنُ عائذٍ المَخزومِىُّ، أخَذَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يَفِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدلنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: كان أبو عَزَّةَ الجُمَحِىُّ أُسِرَ يَومَ بَدرٍ فقالَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: يا محمدُ، إنَّه ذو بَناتٍ وحاجَةٍ، ولَيسَ بمَكَّةَ أحَدٌ يَفدينِى، وقَد عَرَفتَ حاجَتِى. فحَقَنَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - دَمَه وأعتَقَه وخَلَّى سَبيلَه، فعاهَدَه ألّا يُعينَ عَلَيه بيَدٍ ولا لِسانٍ، وامتَدَحَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - حينَ عَفا عَنه. فذَكَرَ الشِّعرَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه مَعَ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الجُمَحِىِّ وإِشارَةَ صَفوانَ عَلَيه بالخُروجِ مَعَه في حَربِ أُحُدٍ وتكَفُّلَه بَناتِه، وأنَّه لَم يَزَلْ به حَتَّى أطاعَه فخَرَجَ في الأحابيشِ مِن بَنِى كِنانَةَ. قال: فأُسِرَ أبو عَزَّةَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فلَمّا أُتِى به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قال: أنعِمْ عَلَىَّ، خَلِّ سَبيلِى. فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَتَحَدَّثُ أهلُ مَكَّةَ أنَّكَ لَعِبتَ بمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَينِ\". فأمَرَ بقَتلِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2820>بابُ ما جاءَ في مُفاداةِ الرِّجالِ مِنهُم بمَن أُسِرَ مِنّا</span>\n\n١٢٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٩٨). وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٥٩، ٦٦٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٩٩)، وينظر سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٦٠، ٦٦١.","vol":"13","page":189},{"text":"أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: أسَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى عُقَيلٍ فأوثَقوه فطَرَحوه في الحَرَّةِ، فمَرَّ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ مَعَه- أو قال: أتَى عَلَيه على حِمارٍ وتَحتَه قَطيفَةٌ- فناداه: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. فأتاه فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: فيما أُخِذتُ؟ قال: \"أُخِذتَ بجَريرَةِ حُلَفائكَ ثَقيفَ\". وكانَت ثَقيفُ قَد أسَرَت رَجُلَينِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. قال: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: إنِّى مسلمٌ. قال: \"لَو قُلتَها وأنتَ تَملِكُ أمرَكَ أفلَحتَ كُلَّ الفَلاحِ\". قال: وتَرَكَه ومَضى: قال: فناداه: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. فرَجَعَ، فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: إنِّى جائعٌ فأشبِعْنِى. وأحسِبُه قال: إنِّى عَطشانُ فاسقِنِى. قال: \"هذه حاجَتُكَ\". ففَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالرَّجُلَينِ اللَّذَينِ أسَرَتْهُما ثَقيفُ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2821>بابُ ما جاءَ في مُفاداةِ الرِّجالِ مِنهُم بالمالِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّىُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٧٩)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٥٢، ٢٥٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٦٣)، وأبو د اود (٣٣١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٩٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٥٩) من طريق أيوب به مطولًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤١) عقب (٨).","vol":"13","page":190},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، قالا: حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو زُمَيلٍ هو سِماكٌ الحَنَفِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: لما كان يَومُ بَدرٍ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ. قال أبو زُمَيلٍ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فلَمّا أسَروا الأُسارَى قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا بكرٍ وعَلِىُّ وعُمَرُ، ما تَرَونَ في هَؤُلاءِ الأُسارَى؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، هُم بَنو العَمِّ والعَشيرَةُ، أرَى أن تأخُذَ مِنهُم فِديَةً فتَكونَ لَنا قوَّةً على الكُفّارِ، فعَسَى اللهُ أن يَهديَهُم لِلإسلامِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما تَرَى يا ابنَ الخطابِ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أرَى الَّذِى رأى أبو بكرٍ، ولَكِنِّى أرَى أن تُمَكِّنّا فنَضرِبَ أعناقَهُم؛ فتُمَكِّنَ عَليًّا مِن عَقيلٍ فيَضرِبَ عُنُقَه، وتُمَكِّنَنِى مِن فُلانٍ -نَسيبٍ لِعُمَرَ- فأضرِبَ عُنُقَه، فإِنَّ هَؤُلاءِ أئمَّةُ الكُفرِ وصَناديدُها. فهَوِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما قال أبو بكرٍ، ولَم يَهْوَ ما قُلتُ. فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ جِئتُ، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ قاعِدَيْنِ يَبكِيانِ، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخبِرْنِى مِن أىِّ شَئٍ تَبكِى أنتَ وصاحِبُكَ؟ فإِن وجَدتُ بُكاءً بَكَيتُ، وإِن لَم أجِدْ بُكاءً تَباكَيتُ ببُكائكُما. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أبكِى لِلَّذِى عَرَضَ عَلَى أصحابُكَ مِن أخذِهِمُ الفِداءَ، لَقَد عُرِضَ عَلَىَّ عَذابُهُم أدنَى مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ\". شَجَرَةٍ قَريبَةٍ مِن نَبِىِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ (^٢) لَهُ أَسْرَى\n_________\n(^١) في س: \" المهرجانى\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"تكون\" بالتاء، وهى قراءة أبى عمرو. ينظر التيسير في القراءات السبع ص ٩٦.","vol":"13","page":191},{"text":"حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ إلَى قولِه: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٩] فأحَلَّ اللهُ الغَنيمَةَ لَهُم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، [أخبرنا أبو] (^٣) بكرٍ وعُثمانُ ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لما كان يَومُ بَدرٍ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما تَقولونَ في هَؤُلاءِ الأُسارَى؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَومُكَ وأصلُكَ، استَبقِهِم واستَتِبْهُم، لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أن يَتوبَ عَلَيهِم. وقالَ عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَذَّبوكَ وأخرَجوكَ، قَدِّمْهُم فاضرِبْ أعناقَهُم. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنتَ في وادٍ كَثيرِ الحَطَبِ، فأضرِمِ الوادِى عَلَيهِم نارًا ثُمَّ ألقِهِم فيه. قال: فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم شَيئًا، ثُمَّ قامَ فدَخَلَ، فقالَ ناسٌ: يأخُذُ بقَولِ أبى بكرٍ. وقالَ ناسٌ: يأخُذُ بقَولِ عُمَرَ. وقالَ ناسٌ: يأخُذُ بقَولِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُلَيِّنُ قُلوبَ رِجالٍ فيه حَتَّى تَكونَ أليَنَ مِنَ اللَّبِنِ، وِإنَّ اللهَ لَيُشَدِّدُ قُلوبَ رِجالٍ فيه حَتَّى تَكونَ أشَدَّ مِنَ الحِجارَةِ، وِإنَّ مَثَلَكَ يا أبا بكرٍ كَمَثَلِ إبراهيم قال: ﴿فَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٣٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨) - وعنه أبو داود (٢٦٩٠) مختصرًا- والترمذى (٣٠٨١)، وابن حبان (٤٧٩٣) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٣/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ز.","vol":"13","page":192},{"text":"مِنِّي وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٣٦]. وإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يا أبا بكرٍ كَمَثَلِ عيسَى قال: ﴿إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ [المائدة: ١١٨]. وإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يا عُمَرُ مَثَلُ موسَى قال: ﴿رَبَّنَا اطْمِسْ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُوا حَتَّى يَرَوُا الْعَذَابَ الْأَلِيمَ﴾ [يونس: ٨٨]. وإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يا عُمَرُ كَمَثَلِ نوحٍ قال: ﴿رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا﴾ [نوح: ٢٦]. أنتُم عالَةٌ فلا يَنفَلِتَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنهُم إلَّا بفِداءٍ أو ضَربَةِ عُنُقٍ\". فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إلَّا سُهَيلَ ابنَ بَيضاءَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُه يَذكُرُ الإسلامَ. فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فما رأيتُنِى في يَومٍ أخوَفَ أن تَقَعَ علَىَّ حِجارَةٌ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنِّى في ذَلِكَ اليَومِ، حَتَّى قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إلَّا سُهَيلَ ابنَ بَيضاءَ\". وأنزَلَ الله ﷿: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ (^١) لَهُ أَسْرَى﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الثَّلاثِ آياتٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الشَّيبانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الشَّهيدُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبر اهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ سَعدٍ السَّمّانُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- في الأُسارَى يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"إن شئتُم قَتَلتُموهُم، وإِن شِئتُم فادَيتُموهُم واستَمتَعتُم بالفِداءِ واستُشهِدَ مِنكُم بعِدَّتِهم\". فكانَ آخِرَ السَّبعينَ ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"تكون\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٦٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٣٢)، والترمذى (١٧١٤، ٣٠٨٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن، وأبو عبيدة لم يسمع من أبيه.","vol":"13","page":193},{"text":"استُشهِدَ باليَمامَةِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى العَنبَسِ، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جَعَلَ فِداءَ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ يَومَ بَدرٍ أربَعَمائَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبْرِقانِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان ناسٌ مِن الأُسارَى يَومَ بَدرٍ لَيسَ لَهُم فِداءٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فِداءَهُم أن يُعَلِّموا أولادَ الأنصارِ الكِتابَةَ. قال: فجاءَ غُلامٌ مِن أولادِ الأنصارِ إلَى أبيه، فقالَ: ما شأنُكَ؟ قال: ضَرَبَنِى مُعَلِّمِى. قال: الخَبيثُ يَطلُبُ بذَحْلِ (^٣) بَدرٍ، واللهِ لا تأتيه أبَدًا (^٤).\n\n١٢٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٠١)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٤٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٥٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٦٢) من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٦١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن المبارك به. وصححه الألبانى في صحح أبى داود (٢٦٤٠) دون الأربعمائة.\n(^٣) الذحل: الثأر والحقد والعداوة. المغرب ١/ ٣٠٣. والتاج ٢٩/ ١١ (ذ ح ل).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٧٩١).","vol":"13","page":194},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِىَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنِ عُقبَةَ مَولَى آلِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أن رِجالًا مِنَ الأنصارِ استأذَنوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: ائْذَن لَنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فَلْنَترُكْ لاِبنِ أُختِنا العباسِ فِداءَه. فقالَ: \"لا واللَّهِ لا تَذَرونَ دِرهَمًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عنِ ابنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٧٩ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عنِ ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لما بَعَثَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ في فِداءِ أُسَرائهم بَعَثَت زَينَبُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في فِداءِ أبى العاصِ، وبَعَثَتْ فيه بقِلادَةٍ كانَت خَديجَةُ أدخَلَتها بها على أبى العاصِ حينَ بَنِى عَلَيها، فلَمّا رآها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَقَّ لَها رِقَّةً شَديدَةً وقالَ: \"إن رأيتُم أن تُطلِقوا لها أَسيرَها وتَرُدُّوا عَلَيها الَّذِى لها فافعَلُوا\". قالوا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فأطلَقوه ورَدُّوا عَلَيه الَّذِى لَها، وقالَ العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى كُنتُ مُسلِمًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللهُ أعلمُ بإِسلامِكَ، فإِن يَكُنْ كما تَقولُ فاللَّهُ يَجزيكَ، فافدِ نَفسَكَ وابنَىْ أخَوَيكَ؛ نَوفَلَ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، وعَقِيلَ بنَ أبى طالِبِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، وحَليفَكَ عُتبَةَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ جَحْدَمٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٢٧٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٣٧).","vol":"13","page":195},{"text":"أخو بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ فِهرٍ\". فقالَ: ما ذاكَ عِندِى يا رسولَ اللَّه. قال: \"فأينَ المالُ الَّذِى دَفَنتَ أنتَ وأُمُّ الفَضلِ، فقُلتَ لها: إنْ أُصِبتُ فهَذا المالُ لبَنِىَّ؛ الفَضلِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ وقُثَمَ؟ \". فقالَ: واللهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنِّى أعلمُ أنَّكَ رسولُه، إنَّ هذا لِشَئٌ ما عَلِمَه أحَدٌ غَيرِى وغَيرُ أُمِّ الفَضلِ، فاحتَسِبْ لِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما أصَبتُم مِنِّى عِشرينَ أُوقيَّةً مِن مالٍ كان مَعِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَفعَلُ\". ففَدَى العباسُ نَفسَه وابنَى أخَوَيه وحَليفَه، وأنزَلَ اللَّهُ فيه ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِمَنْ فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَى إِنْ يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ خَيْرًا يُؤْتِكُمْ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [الأنفال: ٧٠]. فأعطانِى اللهُ مَكانَ العِشرينَ الأوقَيَّةِ في الإسلامِ عِشرينَ عبدًا كُلُّهُم في يَدِه مالٌ يَضرِبُ به، مَعَ ما أرجو مِن مَغفِرَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^١). كَذا حدَّثَنا به شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ في كِتابِ \"المستدرك\".\nوقَد أخبرَنا به في \"مغازى ابن إسحاق\" فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ زَينَبَ بهَذا الإِسنادِ (^٢). ثُمَّ بعدَ أوراقٍ يقولُ يونُسُ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ ابنُ إسحاقَ إلَى الإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ. فذَكَرَ بعثَةَ قُرَيشٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في فِداءِ أُسَرائِهِم، ففَدَى كُلُّ قَومٍ أسيرَهُم بما رَضُوا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ العباسِ هذه، وإِنَّما أرادَ يونُسُ بالإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ رِوايَتَه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ رُومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ وعاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ وغَيرُهم مِن عُلَمائنا، فبَعضُهُم قَد حَدَّثَ بما لَم يُحَدِّثْ به بَعضٌ، وقَدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٥٤ بقصة زينب وحدها، والحاكم ٣/ ٣٢٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٦٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٩٢) من طريق ابن إسحاق به بدون قصة العباس.\n(^٢) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٥٣.","vol":"13","page":196},{"text":"اجتَمَعَ حَديثُهُم فيما ذَكَرتُ لَكَ مِن يَومِ بَدرٍ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُدخِلُ فيما بَينَها بغَيرِ هذا الإِسنادِ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَيه. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٢٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ الباهِلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ضَبَّةُ بنُ مِحصَنٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: موسَى اصطَفَى أربَعينَ مِن أبناءِ الأَسَاوِرَةِ (^١) لِنَفسِه، فقَدِمَ عَلَيه أبو موسَى فقالَ: ما بالُ أربَعينَ اصطَفَيتَهُم لِنَفسِكَ مِن أبناءِ الأساوِرَةِ؟ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ اصطَفَيتُهُم وخَشِيتُ أن يُخدَعَ عَنهُمُ الجُندُ ففادَيتُهُم واجتَهَدتُ في فِدائهِم، ثُمَّ خَمَّستُ وقَسَمتُ. فقالَ ضَبَّةُ: فصادِقٌ واللَّهِ، فما كَذَبَ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ وما كَذَبتُه (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا (^٣) الحَسَنُ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ النُّعمانِ النَّخَعِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أشياخُنا قالوا: صارَ في قَسمِ النَّخَعِ رَجُلٌ مِن أبناءِ المُلوكِ يَومَ القادِسيَّةِ، فأرادَ سَعدٌ أن يأخُذَه مِنهُم فغَدَوا عَلَيه بسياطِهِم، فأرسَلَ\n_________\n(^١) الأساورة: جمع أسوار أو بضم الهمزة وبكسرها، وهو القائد من الفرس. ينظر المعجم الكبير ١/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٢٥)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٥٠٤) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".","vol":"13","page":197},{"text":"إلَيهِم: إنِّى كَتَبتُ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ. فقالوا (^١): رَضِينا. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ: إنّا لا نُخَمِّسُ أبناءَ المُلوكِ. فأخَذَه مِنهُم سَعدٌ، فقالَ المُغيرَةُ: لأنَّ فِداءَه أكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2822>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَتلِ مَن رأى الإمامُ مِنهُم</span>\n\n١٢٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ الأَبْناوِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى، قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن يَهودَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ وقُرَيظَةَ حارَبوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَنِى النَّضيرِ، وأقَرَّ قُرَيظَةَ ومَنَ عَلَيهِم، حَتَّى حارَبَت قُرَيظَةُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فقَتَلَ رِجالَهُم وقَسَمَ نِساءَهُم وأولادَهُم وأموالَهُم بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، إلَّا بَعضهُم لَحِقوا برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فآمَنَهُم وأسلَموا، وأجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَهودَ المَدينَةِ كُلَّهُم؛ بَنِى قَينُقاعَ وهُم قَومُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ، ويَهودَ بَنِى حارِثَةَ، وكُلَّ يَهودِىٍّ بالمَدينَةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٦، ز، م: \"قد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٠٤)، وفى المعرفة (٥٥٨٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٩٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٦٧)، وأبو داود (٣٠٠٥). وعندهم جميعا: \"ابن جريج عن موسى بن عقبة عن نافع\". =","vol":"13","page":198},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ؛ رَواه البخارىُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، كُلُّهُم عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ وأبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ وعَلَى رأسِه مِغفَرٌ، فلَمّا نَزَعَه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ابنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأستارِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\"؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عنِ القَعنَبِىِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن جَماعَةٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وكانَ في الأُسارَى عُقبَةُ بنُ أبى مُعَيطٍ والنَّضرُ بنُ الحارِثِ، فلَمّا كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالصَّفراءِ قَتَلَ النَّضرَ بنَ الحارِثِ؛ قَتَلَه علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-\n_________\n= وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٨٠٧٦، ١٨٣٠٩، ١٨٧٨٧، ١٨٨٩٠).\n(^١) البخارى (٤٠٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٦٦/ ٦٢)، وعندهما أيضًا بزيادة \"موسى بن عقبة\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩٩٢٩). وقوله: قال: نعم. هو جواب مالك ليحيى بن يحيى.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٥٧/ ٤٥٠)، والبخارى (١٨٤٦، ٣٠٤٤، ٤٢٨٦).","vol":"13","page":199},{"text":"كما خُبِّرتُ، ثُمَّ مَضَى، فلَمّا كان بعِرْقِ الظُّبْيَةِ (^١) قَتَلَ عُقبَةَ بنَ أبى مُعَيطٍ، فقالَ عُقبَةُ حينَ أمَرَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقتَلَ: مَن لِلصِّبْيَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"النّارُ\". وقَتَلَه عاصِمُ بنُ ثابِتِ [بنِ أبى] (^٢) الأقلَحِ (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزكِّى في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنَ عُمَرَ قالى: قَد قَتَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حُيَىَّ بنَ أخطَبَ صَبْرًا بعدَ أن رُبِطَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2823>بابُ ما جاءَ في استِعبادِ الأسيرِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ (^٤) لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾: وذَلِكَ يَومَ بَدرٍ\n_________\n(^١) عرق الظبية: موضع من الروحاء على ثلاثة أميال مما يلى المدينة، وبها مسجد صلى فيه رسول الله -ﷺ-. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) سقط من: س. وفى الأصل، ص ٦، م: \"بن\". والمثبت من: ز. وعلق عليها في حاشية الأصول لكن الحاشية غير واضحة.\n(^٣) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٤٤.\n(^٤) في ز: \"تكون\".","vol":"13","page":200},{"text":"والمُسلِمونَ يَومَئذٍ قَليلٌ، فلَمّا كَثُروا واشتَدَّ سُلطانُهُم أنزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى بعدَ هذا في الأُسارَى ﴿فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً﴾ [محمد: ٤] فجَعَلَ اللَّهُ النَّبِىَّ والمُؤمِنينَ بالخِيارِ في أمرِ الأُسارَى، إن شاءوا قَتَلوهُم، وإِن شاءوا استَعبَدوهُم، وإِن شاءوا فادَوْهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2824>بابُ ما جاءَ في سَلَبِ الأسيرِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو سَلَمةَ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا غالِبُ ابنُ حَجْرَةَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيها، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أَتَى بمَولًى فلَه سَلَبُه\" (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٨٨ - ورَوَى هُشَيمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ أفلَحَ عن أبى محمدٍ الأنصارِىِّ عن أبى قَتادَةَ قال: لما كان يَومُ حُنَينٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِه رَجُلًا، قال: فانطَلَقتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"مَن أقامَ البَيِّنَةَ على أسيرٍ فلَه سَلَبُه\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٠٦). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٤٢)، وفى الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٥٣٠)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٧٣٢، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٢٧٢ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٧١)، وقال: وهذا إسناد فيه من يجهل حاله. وأخرجه الجصاص في أحكام القرآن ٤/ ٢٣٥ من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"13","page":201},{"text":"فذَكَرَه. وقَد أخرَجَ مسلمٌ إسنادَ هذا الحديثِ في \"الصحيح\" ولَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه (^١)، والحُفّاظُ يَرَونَه خَطأً؛ فمالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ رَوَياه عن يَحيَى؛ فقالَ اللَّيثُ في الحديثِ: \"مَن أقامَ البَيِّنَةَ على قَتيلٍ فلَه سَلَبُه\" (^٢). وقالَ مالكٌ: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا له عَلَيه بَيِّنَةٌ فلَه سَلَبُه\" (^٣). ولَم يَقُلْ أحَدٌ فيه: \"على أسيرٍ\" غَيرُ هُشَيمٍ، فاللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2825>بابُ النَّهي عن المُثلَةِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابن الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ، وهو جَدُّه أبو أُمِّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن النُّهبَةِ والمُثلَةِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٥).\nوبَقيَّةُ هذا البابِ يَرِدُ في كِتابِ السِّيَرِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٥١/ ٤١).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٨٠٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٨٩٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٦٠٨).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٤٧٤).\n(^٦) ينظر ما سيأتى في (١٨٠٩٨ - ١٨١١٩).","vol":"13","page":202},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2826>بابُ إخراجِ الخُمُسِ مِن رأسِ الغَنيمَةِ وقِسمَةِ الباقِى بَيَن مَن حَضَرَ القِتالَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ المُسلِميِن البالِغيَن الأحرارِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٩٠ - رُوِّينا فيما مَضَى عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمرٍو قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أصابَ غَنيمَةً أمَرَ بلالًا فنادَى في النّاسِ فيَجيئونَ بغَنائمِهِم فيُخَمِّسُها ويَقسِمُها. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَوذَب، حَدَّثَنِى عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٢٩٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ وخالِدٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرِّيتِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَلْقَينِ (^٢) قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وهو بوادِى القُرَى، وهو يَعرِضُ فرَسًا، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما تَقولُ في الغَنيمَةِ؟ قال: \"لله خُمُسُها وأربَعَةُ أخماسٍ لِلجَيشِ\". قُلتُ: فما أحَدٌ أولَى به مِن أحَدٍ؟ قال: \"لا، ولا السَّهمُ تَستَخرِجُه مِن جَنبِكَ لَيسَ أنتَ أحَقَّ به مِن أخيكَ المُسلِمِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٨٤٥).\n(^٢) بلقين: قبيلة من العرب المستعربة انضمت إلى هرقل سنة ٨ هـ في غزوة مؤتة، وسارت مع هرقل سنة ١٤ هـ إلى أنطاكية. معجم قبائل العرب ١/ ١٠٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٨٧، ٣٥٨٨)، والمعرفة (٣٩٨٥). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١١٣٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٨٠) والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٢٩ من طريق خالد الحذاء به بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":203},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2827>بابُ ما جاءَ في سَهمِ الرّاجِلِ والفارِسِ</span>\n\n١٢٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحْمِشٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عنِ ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أسهَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلفَرَسِ سَهمَينِ ولِصاحِبِه سَهْمًا (^١).\n\n١٢٩٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمُ بنُ أخضرَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: حدثنا نافِع، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ في النَّفَلِ لِلفَرَسِ سَهمَينِ ولِلرَّجُلِ سَهمًا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٢٩٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ. فَذَكَرَه (^٤) بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٦٨٩) عن أبى الأزهر به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٢ من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٣، ٥٤١٢)، والترمذى (١٥٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨١٠) من طريق سليم بن أخضر به. وعند ابن حبان دون ذكر النفل.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٨٦٣)، ومسلم (١٧٦٢/ ٥٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"بن عمر ذكره\".","vol":"13","page":204},{"text":"النَّفَلِ (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن [محمدِ بنِ] (^٢) عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nوقَد وهِمَ بَعضُ الرّواةِ فيه فرَواه عن أبى أُسامَةَ وابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: ولِلرّاجِلِ سَهمًا (^٤). والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عَنهُما وعن غَيرِهِما عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ كما ذَكَرنا. وقَد رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وهو إمامٌ، وأبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ وهو مِنَ الحُفّاظِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ مُفَسَّرً:\n\n١٢٩٩٥ - أمّا حَديثُ الثَّورِىِّ فأخبَرناه أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أسهَمَ لِلرَّجُلِ ثَلاثَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهمٌ ولِلفَرَسِ سَهمانِ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ وغَيرُه عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٦).\n\n١٢٩٩٦ - وأمّا حَديثُ أبى مُعاويَةَ فأخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٩٧) عن ابن نمير به.\n(^٢) زيادة من ز، ص ٦. وهو الموافق لما في مسلم.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٦٢) عقب (٥٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٦ من طريق ابن أبى شيبة وغيره عن أبى أسامة وابن نمير به، وفيه: \"للفارس\" بدل: \"للفرس\"، وأشار عقبه للوهم الذى فيه. وأخرجه البزار (٥٦٠٢) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٩٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨١١) من طريق عبد الله بن الوليد العدنى به.","vol":"13","page":205},{"text":"وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ ابنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أسهَمَ لِلرَّجُلِ ولِفَرَسِه ثَلاثَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمًا له وسَهمَينِ لِفَرَسِهِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٢٩٩٧ - وأمّا ما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ العُمَرِىَّ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ لِلفارِسِ سَهمَينِ ولِلرّاجِلِ سَهمًا (^٣). فعَبدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىُّ كَثيرُ الوَهْمِ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن القَعنَبِى عن عبدِ اللهِ العُمَرِىِّ بالشَّكِّ في الفارِسِ أوِ الفَرَسِ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ: كأنَّه سَمِعَ نافِعًا يقولُ: لِلفَرَسِ سَهمَينِ ولِلرَّجُلِ سَهمًا. فقالَ: لِلفارِسِ دسَهمَينِ ولِلرّاجِلِ سَهمًا. ولَيسَ يَشُكُّ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه في (١٨٠١٦).\n(^٢) أحمد (٤٤٤٨)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٧٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٤). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٧٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٣٢٠)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٦ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.\n(^٤) هو عبد الله بن عمر بن حفص أبو عبد الرحمن العمرى القرشى العدوى. ينظر الكلام عليه في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٤٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣٣٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٣٣: ضعيف عابد.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٦، ١٠٧ من طريق القعنبى به.","vol":"13","page":206},{"text":"العِلمِ في تَقدِمَةِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ على أخيه في الحِفظِ (^١).\n\n١٢٩٩٨ - وأمّا ما أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ الطَّبَّاعِ، حدثنا مُجَمِّعُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأنصارِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن عَمِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عَمِّه مُجَمِّعِ بنِ جاريَةَ الأنصارِىِّ -وكانَ أحَدَ القُرّاءِ الَّذينَ قَرَءوا القُرآنَ- قال: شَهِدْنا الحُدَيبيَةَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا انصَرَفْنا عَنها إذا الناسُ يَهِزُونَ الأباعِرَ (^٢)، فقالَ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: ما لِلنّاسِ؟ قال: أَوْحَى اللهُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فخَرَجنا نُوجِفُ، فوَجَدنا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- على راحِلَتِه واقِفًا عِندَ كُراعِ الغَمِيمِ، فاجتَمَعَ النّاسُ إلَيه فقَرأ عَلَيهِم: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أفَتحٌ هُوَ؟ فقالَ: \"إى والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إنَّه لَفَتحٌ\". فقُسِمَت خَيبَرُ على أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، لَم يَدخُلْ مَعَهُم فيها أحَدٌ إلَّا مَن شَهِدَ الحُدَيبيَةَ، فقَسَمَها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- على ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا، وكانَ الجَيشُ ألفًا وخَمسَمِائَةٍ، مِنهُم ثَلاثُمائَةِ فارِسٍ، فأعطَى الفارِسَ سَهمَينِ والرّاجِلَ سَهمًا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ: مُجَمِّعُ بنُ يَعقوبَ شَيخٌ لا يُعرَفُ؛ فأخَذنا في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٣٤)، وفى المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣).\n(^٢) يهزون الأباعر: أى يحثونها ويدفعونها. والأباعر: جمع أبعرة التى هى جمع بعير، والبعير من الإبل يطلق على الذكر والأنثى. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٢٣٢، وتاج العروس ١٠/ ٢١٨ (ب ع ر).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٣٦) عن محمد بن عيسى به. وأحمد (١٥٤٧٠) من طريق مجمع بن يعقوب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٨٧).","vol":"13","page":207},{"text":"ذَلِكَ بحَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، ولَم نَرَ له خَبَرًا مِثلَه يُعارِضُه، ولا يَجوزُ رَدُّ خَبَرٍ إلَّا بخبَرٍ مِثلِهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والرِّوايَةُ في قَسمِ خَيبَرَ مُتَعارِضَةٌ فإِنَّها قُسِمَت على أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وأهلُ الحُدَيبيَةِ كانوا في أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ:\n\n١٢٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كُنا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ ألفًا وأربَعَمائَةٍ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنتُمُ اليَومَ خَيرُ مَن على الأرضِ\". فقالَ جابِرٌ: لَولا بَصَرِى لأرَيتُكُم مَوضِعَ الشَّجَرَةِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ فقالَ: ونَحنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةً (^٥). وعَلَى ذَلِكَ أهلُ المَغازِى، وأنَّه قَسَمَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ لمائَتِى فرَسٍ:\n\n١٣٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عنِ ابنِ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٦٣٤)، وفى المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣).\n(^٢) الحميدى (١٢٢٥). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٢٩٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤١٥٤)، ومسلم (١٨٥٦/ ٧١).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٦٦٣٦).\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم عقب (١٠٢٩٦).","vol":"13","page":208},{"text":"قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنٌ لمحَمَّدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، عَمَّن أدرَكَ مِن أهلِه، وحَدَّثَنيه عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، قالا: كانَتِ المَقاسِمُ على أموالِ خَيبَرَ على ألفٍ وثَمانِمائَةِ سَهمٍ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ عَدَدَ الَّذينَ قُسِمَت خَيبَرُ عَلَيهِم مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- خَيلِهِم ورِجالِهِم؛ الرِّجالُ ألفٌ وأربَعُمائَةِ رَجُلٍ، والخَيلُ مِائَتَىْ (^١) فرَسٍ؛ فكانَ لِلفَرَسِ سَهمانِ ولِصاحِبِه سَهمٌ ولِكُلِّ راجِلٍ سَهمٌ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في كَيفيَّةِ القِسمَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٠١ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ إبنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وَهْبٍ قال: قال لِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ: حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن كَثيرٍ مَولَىْ بَنِى مَخزومِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ لِمِائَتَىْ فرَسٍ يَومَ خيبَرَ؛ سَهمَينِ سَهمَينِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ وبُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ وغَيرِهِما ما دَلَّ على هَذا (^٤).\nورُوِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ فيه ضَعفٌ:\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وقبلها بياض في الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٣٦. وينظر سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٤٩، ٣٥٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٥٤٤) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢١٥ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الفزارى في السير (٢٣٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٣٢٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٧٢٠) من حديث صالح بن كيسان. وابن سعد في الطبقات ٢/ ١١٤ من حديث بشير بن يسار وفيه: \"مائة فرس\".","vol":"13","page":209},{"text":"١٣٠٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ أبى فَرْوَةَ، أن أبا حازِمٍ مَولَى أبى رُهْمٍ الغِفارِىِّ أخبَرَه عن أبى رُهْمٍ وعن أخيه أنَّهُما كانا فارِسَينِ يَومَ خَيبَرَ -أو قال: يَومَ حُنَينٍ. أنا أشُكُّ -وأنَّهُما أُعطِيا سِتَّةَ أسهُمٍ؛ أربَعَةٌ لِفَرَسَيْهِما وسَهمانِ (^١) لَهُما، فباعا السَّهمَينِ ببَكرَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عنِ ابنِ أبى عَمْرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أربَعَةَ نَفَرٍ ومعنا فرَسٌ، فأعطَى كُلَّ إنسانٍ مِنّا سَهمًا، وأعطَى الفَرَسَ سَهمَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٠٤ - زادَ فيه أُمَيَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن المَسعودِىِّ: فكانَ لِلفارِسِ ثَلاثَةُ أسهُمٍ. أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وسهمين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٨٧٦)، والطبرانى ١٩/ ١٨٦ (٤٢٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠١ من طريق إسحاق بن أبى فروة به. وعند أبى يعلى: حين. وعند الطبرانى: خيبر. ولم يسم الغزوة عند الدارقطنى. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٤٩٧: إسحاق متروك، ولا سيما طريق إسماعيل عنه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٠٠ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق المسعودى به بنحره. وأحمد (١٧٢٣٩) -وعنه أبو داود (٢٧٣٤) - من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وعنده: أبو عمرة عن أبيه. وهو في طبعة دار الكتاب العربى (٢٧٣٤) كما هنا. وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٢٠٧٢). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٧٤).","vol":"13","page":210},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن آلِ أبى عَمْرَةَ، عن أبى عَمْرَةَ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه بزيادَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ أبو الموَرِّعِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ لِلزُّبَيرِ أربَعَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمًا لأُمِّه في القُرْبَى، وسَهمًا له، وسَهمَينِ لِفَرَسِهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن هِشامٍ مَوصولًا (^٣).\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بشرٍ عن هِشامٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ مِن قَولِه دونَ ذِكرِ عبدِ اللَّهِ في إسنادِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا ابنُ زَنبَرٍ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٣٥). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٠١ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق مسدد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٧٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٤٠، ٣٦٤١). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١١١ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق.\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٨٠٢٢).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٨٠٢١).\n(^٥) في ز: \"الزبير\"، وفى م: \"أبى زنبر\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ١٦٧.","vol":"13","page":211},{"text":"ثابِتٍ قال: أعطَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- الزُّبَيرَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ (^١) أربَعَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمَينِ لِلفَرَسِ، وسَهمًا له، وسهَمًا لِلقَرابَةِ (^٢). هذا مِن غَرائبِ الزَّنبَرِىِّ (^٣) عن مالك، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ بالإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ، وفيه كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٣٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُمرانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُسرٍ، عن أبى كَبشَةَ الأنمارِىِّ قال: لما فتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ كان الزُّبَيرُ على المُجَنِّبَةِ اليُسرَى، وكانَ المِقدادُ بنُ الأسوَدِ على مُجَنِّبَةِ (^٤) اليُمنَى. قال: فلَمّا دَخَل رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فمَسَحَ الغُبارَ عن وُجوهِهِما بثَوبِى (^٥) قال: \"إنِّى جَعَلَت لِلفَرَسِ سَهمَينِ ولِلفارِسِ سَهمًا؛ فمَن نَقَصَه نَقَصَه اللَّهُ\" (^٦).\nوفِى البابِ سِوَى ما ذَكَرنا عن عُمَرَ وطَلحَةَ والزُّبَيرِ [وَجابِرٍ] (^٧) والمِقدادِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حنين\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٤٠. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٩/ ٨٣ من طريق محمد بن الفرج به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٨٣، والإسماعيلى في معجمه (٢٧٥) من طريق الزنبرى به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٤٩٧: ابن زنبر ليس بشئ.\n(^٣) في س: \"الزبيرى\".\n(^٤) في م: \"مجنبته\".\n(^٥) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"بثوبه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٠٤، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٤٢ (٨٥٦)، والدراقطنى ٤/ ١٠١ من طريق المعلى بن أسد به. وعند الدارقطنى: \"عبد الله بن بشير\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٦٠/ ١٦٨. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٤٢ في إسناد الطبرانى: وفيه عبد الله بن بُسر الحُبرانى وثقه ابن حبان، وضعفه الجمهور.\n(^٧) ليس في: م.","vol":"13","page":212},{"text":"وأبى هريرةَ وسَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثْمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). وفِى بَعضِ ما ذَكَرنا كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٣٠٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: لَم تَقَعِ القِسمَةُ ولا السَّهمُ إلَّا في غَزاةِ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ؛ كانَتِ الخَيلُ يَومَئذٍ سِتَّةً وثَلاثينَ فرَسًا، ففيها أعلَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسُهمانِ الخَيلِ وسُهمانِ الرجالِ؛ فعَلَى سُنَّتِها جَرَتِ المَقاسِمُ، فجَعَلَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ لِلفارِسِ وفَرَسِه ثَلاثَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ له سَهمٌ ولِفَرَسِه سَهمانِ، ولِلرّاجِلِ سَهمًا، فأمّا يَومُ بَدرٍ فلَم يَقَعْ فيه السُّهمانُ ولَم تُحَلَّلْ لَهُم فيه المَغانِمُ حَتَّى كان فيه مِنَ اللَّهِ ما كان فأحَلَّها لَهُم بعدَ أن كادَ النّاسُ يَهلِكوا، فقالَ: ﴿لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَتَينِ [الأنفال: ٦٨، ٦٩]. ثُمَّ كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ فكانَ عامَ مُصيبَةٍ، ثُمَّ كان عامُ الخَندَقِ فكانَ عامَ حِصارٍ، ثُمَّ كانَت بَنو قُرَيظَةَ، فعَلَى سُنَّتِها جَرَتِ المَقاسِمُ إلَى يَومِكَ هَذا (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٣ من حديث عمر وطلحة والزبير. وفى ٤/ ١١١ من حديث جابر وأبى هريرة. والبزار (٣٢٣١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٢ من حديث المقداد. وابن البخترى في مجموع مصنفاته (٤٤٨)، وعنه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١١١ من حديث سهل بن أبى حثمة.\n(^٢) ينظر سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٤٤، وتهذيب الآثار لابن جرير (١٠٠٦ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف).","vol":"13","page":213},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ قال: لا يُختَلَفُ فيه عنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال (^١): \"لِلفارِسِ ثَلاثَةُ أسهُمٍ ولِلرّاجِلِ سَهمٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٠١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن كُلثومٍ الوادِعِىِّ، عن مُنذِرِ بنِ عمرٍو الوادِعِىِّ، وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- بَعَثَه على خَيلٍ بالشّامِ، وكانَ في الخَيلِ بَراذِينُ (^٣). قال: فسَبَقَتِ الخَيلُ وجاءَ أصحابُ البَراذينِ. قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ المُنذِرَ بنَ عمرٍو قَسَمَ لِلفَرَسِ سَهمَينِ ولِصاحِبِه سَهمًا، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: قَد أصَبتَ السُّنَّةَ (^٤).\nوفِى كِتابِ \"القديم\" رِوايَة أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن الشّافِعِىِّ: حَديثُ شاذانَ، عن زُهَيرٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ سعيدِ بنِ عثمانَ فأسهَمَ لِفَرَسِى سَهمَينِ ولِى سَهمًا (^٥). قال أبو إسحاقَ: وبِذَلِكَ حَدَّثَنِى هانِئُ بنُ هانِئٍ\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٠٧.\n(^٣) بَراذِين: جمع بِرْذَوْن، وهو نرع من الخيل عظيم الخلقة غليظ الأعضاء. ينظر المعجم الكبير ٢/ ٢١٣ (برذن).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٥٤٥) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به، وفيه: \"أحسنت\" بدلًا من: \"أصبت السنة\".\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٦٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٧٥٤) من حديث أبى إسحاق بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":214},{"text":"عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^١)، وكَذَلِكَ حَدَّثَنِى حارِثَةُ بنُ مُضَرِّبٍ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2828>بابُ ما جاءَ في سَهمِ البَراذينِ والمَقاريفِ (^٣) والهَجيِن</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ: أمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى أن يُعِدّوا لِعَدوِّهِم ما استَطاعوا مِن قوَّةٍ ومِن رِباطِ الخَيلِ؛ فلَم يَخُصَّ عَرَبيًّا دونَ هَجينٍ، وأذِنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في لُحومِ الخَيلِ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ على الهَجينِ والعَرَبِىِّ، وقالَ: \"تَجاوَزْنا لَكُم عن صَدَقَةِ الخَيلِ والرَّقيقِ\" (^٤). وقالَ: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمِ في فرَسِه ولا في غُلامِه صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٥). فجَعَلَ الفَرَسَ مِنَ الخَيلِ (^٦).\nقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد ذُكِرَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه فضَّلَ العَرَبِىَّ على الهَجينِ، وأنَّ عُمَرَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَم يَروِ ذَلِكَ إلَّا مَكحولٌ مُرسَلًا، والمُرسَلُ لا [تَقومُ بمِثلِه] (^٧) عندنا حُجَّةٌ، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ عُمَرَ -﵁- هو عن كُلثومِ بنِ الأقمَرِ مُرسَلٌ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٠٥ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق أبى إسحاق بنحوه.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٦٥) -ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٥٤٧) - من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) المقاريف: جمع مُقْرِف وهو من الخيل الذى أمه بِرْذَوْنة وأبوه عربى أو العكس. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٤٦.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٤٨١، ٧٤٨٢) من حديث على.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٤٧٣ - ٧٤٧٥، ٧٤٧٨، ٧٤٧٩).\n(^٦) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٧) في س: \"يكون\".\n(^٨) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣).","vol":"13","page":215},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحِ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عَرَّبَ العَرَبِىَّ وهَجَّنَ الهَجينَ (^١).\n\n١٣٠١١ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ أنَسُ بنُ سَلمٍ (^٢)، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ الحارِثِ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ خَيبَرَ: \"عَرِّبوا العَرَبِىَّ وهَجِّنوا الهَجينَ\" (^٣). وهذا هو المَحفوظُ، مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٣٠١٢ - وقَد رَواه أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانِىُّ -سَكَنَ حِمصَ- عن حَمّادِ ابنِ خالِدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جاريَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ مَوصولًا. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ عَوْفٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجُرجانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه، وزادَ في مَتنِه: \"لِلفَرَسِ سَهمانِ ولِلهَجينِ سَهمٌ\". قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا لا يُوصِّلُه غَيرُ أحمدَ، وأحاديثُه لَيسَت بمُستَقيمَةٍ، كأنَّه يَغلَطُ فيها (^٤).\n\n١٣٠١٣ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن وكيعٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الشُّعَيْثِىِّ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ: أسهَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٩/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ١٧٥. وينظر ما سيأتى (١٨٠١٨).\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ١٧٥. وأخرجه تمام في فوائده (٨٨٩) من طريق أحمد بن أبى أحمد به.","vol":"13","page":216},{"text":"لِلعِرابِ سَهمَينِ ولِلهَجينِ سَهمًا. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ.\n\n١٣٠١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عنِ ابنِ الأقمَرِ قال: أغارَتِ الخَيلُ بالشّامِ، فأدرَكَتِ الخَيلُ مِن يَومِها، وأدرَكَتِ الكَوادِن (^٢) ضُحًى، وعَلَى الخَيلِ المُنذِرُ بنُ أبى حمضةَ (^٣) الهَمْدانِىُّ، ففَضَّلَ الخَيلَ على الكَوادِنِ، وقالَ: لا أجعَلُ ما أدرَكَ كما لَم يُدرِكْ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: هَبِلَتِ الوادِعِىَّ أُمُّه (^٤)؛ لَقَد أذكَرَت به، أمضوها على ما قالَ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَو كُنّا نُثبِتُ مِثلَ هذا ما خالَفناه (^٦). وقالَ في القَديمِ: هَذانِ خَبَرانِ مُرسَلانِ، لَيسَ واحِدٌ مِنهُما شَهِدَ ما حَدَّثَ بهِ.\n_________\n(^١) مراسيل أبى داود (٢٨٦) بلفظ: \"للعربى\". وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٧٣٩) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) الكوادن: هى البراذين الهُجْن أو الخيل التركية، واحدها: كَوْدَن. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) في م: \"حمصة\"، وتعددت صورة هذا الاسم في المصادر ومن بين ما ذكر: حميضة، خميصة وغيرها. ينظر الإيثار بمعرفة رواة الآثار ص ١١٣، والإصابة ١٠/ ٤٧٤، ٤٧٥.\n(^٤) لفظه لفظ الدعاء عليه، ومعناه المدح والتقريظ. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٩٧.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٣٤٣). والشافعى ٧/ ٣٣٧ وعنده: \"على بن الأقمر\". وأخرجه سعيد ابن منصور (٢٧٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٧٤١) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٦) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٧.","vol":"13","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2829>بابٌ: لا يُسهَمُ إلَّا لِفَرَسٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n١٣٠١٥ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: حَديثُ مَكحولٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلٌ، أن الزُّبَيرَ حَضَرَ خَيبَرَ بفَرَسَينِ فأعطاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- خَمسَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمًا له وأربَعَةَ أسهُمٍ لِفَرَسَيه. قال: ولَو كان كما حَدَّثَ مَكحولٌ أن الزُّبَيرَ حَضَرَ خَيبَرَ بفَرَسَينِ وأخَذَ خَمسَةَ أسهُمٍ، كان ولَدُه أعرَفَ بحَديثِه وأحرَصَ على ما فيه زيادَتُه مِن غَيرِهِم إن شاءَ اللهُ (^١).\nقال في القَديمِ في غَيرِ هذه الرِّوايَةِ: وقَد ذَكَرَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ الخَفّافُ، عنِ العُمَرِىِّ، عن أخيه، أن الزُّبَيرَ وافَى بأفراسٍ يَومَ خَيبَرَ فلَم يُسهَمْ له إلَّا لِفَرَسٍ واحِدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2830>بابُ الإسهامِ لِلفَرَسِ دونَ غَيرِه مِنَ الدَّوابِّ</span>\n\n١٣٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٧)، والأم ٤/ ١٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٧٧).","vol":"13","page":218},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عنِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الخَيلُ في نَواصيها الخَيرُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٣٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ شَبِيبُ بنُ غَرقَدَةَ عُروةَ البارِقِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ بنَواصِى الخَيلِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال سفيانُ: وزادَ فيه مُجالِدٌ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ: \"الأجرُ والمَغنَمُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عنِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عنِ ابنِ راهُويَه وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ دونَ زيادَةِ مُجالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٠١٨ - وقَد أخبَرَنا بتِلكَ الزّيادَةِ أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدَّثَنا عمرُو بنُ تَميمِ بنِ سَيّارٍ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائد، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُروةَ البارِقِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال:\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٦٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩١٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٨٧)، وابن حبان (٤٦٦٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٤٩)، ومسلم (١٨٧١/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) جزء سعدان (١٠٢، ١٠٣). وأخرجه الحميدى (٨٤١، ٨٤٢) عن سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٧٢٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٦٤٣)، ومسلم (١٨٧٣) عقب (٩٩).","vol":"13","page":219},{"text":"\" [الخَيلُ مَعقودٌ في نَواصيها الخَيرُ] (^١) إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؛ الأجرُ والغَنيمَةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَكَريّا (^٣).\n\n١٣٠١٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ ومُحَمَّد بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو هو ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن جَريرٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَلوِى ناصيَةَ فرَسِه بيَدِه ويَقولُ: \"الخَيلُ مَعقودٌ في نَواصيها الخَيرُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابن أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيان. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، إلا أنَّه قال بإِصبَعِه. وزادَ: \"الأجرُ والمَغنَمُ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الخير معقود في نواصى الخيل\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٦٦) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وسيأتى في (١٨٠٢٠، ١٨٥٢٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٨٥٢)، ومسلم (١٨٧٣/ ٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (٢٤٠٩) عن محمد بن محمد به. وأبو عوانة (٧٢٦٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٢٣) من طريق سفيان عن يونس بن عبيد عن عمرو بن سعيد به، بزيادة يونس في الإسناد. وأحمد (١٩١٩٦)، والنسائي (٣٥٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٦٦٩) من طريق يونس بن عبيد عن عمرو بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٠٤٦)، وفى إسناده: \"يونس\" أيضًا.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٨٧٢) عقب (٩٧) وفى إسناده كذلك \"يونس\".","vol":"13","page":220},{"text":"١٣٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n١٣٠٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"البَرَكَةُ في نَواصِى الخَيلِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عنِ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سَلَمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ في نَواصِى الخَيلِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَثَلُ المُنفِقِ على الخَيلِ كالمُتَكَفِّفِ بالصَّدَقَةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٢٥)، والنسائي (٣٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (٤٦٧٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٥١)، ومسلم (١٨٧٤/ ١٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٠١٤)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٠٨٨) من طريق عبد الرزاق به بنحوه. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٦٧٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق بشطره الأخير، وعنده: فقلنا لمعمر: ما المتكفف بالصدقة؟ قال: الذى يعطى بكفيه. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٢٥٩: رواه أبو يعلى والطبرانى في الأوسط ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":221},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2831>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الخَيلِ وما يُستَحَبُّ</span>\n\n١٣٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سَلْمٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَكرَهُ الشِّكالَ مِنَ الخَيلِ، والشِّكالُ يَكونُ الفَرَسُ في رِجلِه اليُمنَى بَياضٌ وفِى اليَدِ اليُسرَى، [وفى يَدِ] (^١) اليُمنَى وفِى رِجلِه اليُسرَى (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، حدثنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا وَهْبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أيّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ الخَيلِ الأدهَمُ، الأقرَحُ، الأرثَمُ (^٤)، المُحَجَّلُ الثَّلاثِ، طَلقُ اليَدِ اليُمنَى، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ أدهَمُ فكُمَيْتٌ على هذه الشّيَةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أو في يده\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٤٧) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٧٤٠٨)، والترمذى (١٦٩٨)، والنسائي (٣٥٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٦٧٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٧٥/ ١٠٢).\n(^٤) في ز: \"الأرتم\" بالتاء المثناة الفوقية.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (١٦٩٧) وقال: حسن غريب صحيح، وابن ماجه (٢٧٨٩)، وابن حبان (٤٦٧٦) =","vol":"13","page":222},{"text":"١٣٠٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَسروقِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، أخبَرَنا موسَى بنُ [عُلَىِّ ابنِ] (^١) رَباحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أرَدتَ (^٢) تَغْزُو (^٣) فاشتَرِ فرَسًا أدهَمَ أغَرَّ مُحَجَّلًا (^٤) مُطلَقَ اليُمنَى؛ فإِنَّكَ تَغنَمُ وتَسلَمُ\" (^٥). كَذا\n_________\n= من طريق وهب بن جرير به، وعند ابن حبان بالشك: \"عقبة بن عامر أو أبى قتادة\". وأحمد (٢٢٥٦١) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به.\nوالأدهم: الأسود من كل شيء من الخيل والإبل وغيرها.\nوالأقرح: هو ما كان في جبهته قُرحة بالضم، وهى بياض يسير في وجه الفرس دون الغُرَّة.\nوالأرثم: الذى أنفه أبيض وشفته العليا.\nوالمحجَّل: هو الذى يرتفع البياض في قوائمه إلى موضع القيد، ويجاوز الأرساغ ولا يجاوز الركبتين.\nوطلق اليد اليمنى: أى مُطْلَقها ليس فيها تحجيل.\nوالكُمَيْت: ما كان لونه بين الأسود والأحمر.\nوالشية: كل لون يخالف معظم لون الفرس وغيره، أراد: على هذه الصفة وهذا اللون من الخيل. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٤٦، ٢/ ١٩٦، ٥٢٢، ٣/ ١٣٤، ٤/ ٣٦، والمغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ٢٣٢ (ك ت)، والتاج ٣٢/ ١٩٢ (د هـ م).\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل، وفى س: \"على بن أبى\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"صح\". يعنى من غير استعمال \"أن\" قبل \"تغزو\" قال ابن الأثير: وهى لغة فاشية في الحجاز. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٤) في ز: \"صحل\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٩٢ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٨٠٩) من طريق موسى المسروقى به بنحوه. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٠١: عبيد ضعفه أبو حاتم.","vol":"13","page":223},{"text":"قال: عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ.\n\n١٣٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ الطّالْقانِىَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَقِيلُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، عن أبى وَهْبٍ الجُشَمِىِّ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَلَيكُم بكُلِّ كُمَيْتٍ أغَرَّ مُحَجَّلٍ، أو أشقَرَ أغَرَّ مُحَجَّلٍ، أو أرْشَمَ (^١) مُحَجَّلٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَقيلُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، عن أبى وهبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَلَيكُم بكُلِّ (^٣) أشقَرَ أغَرَّ مُحَجَّلٍ، أو كُمَيتٍ أغَرَّ\" (^٤). نَحوَه. قال محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ مُهاجِرٍ: فسألتُه: لِمَ فضَّلَ الأشقَرَ؟ قال: لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ سَريَّةً فكانَ أوَّلَ مَن جاءَ بالفَتحِ صاحِبُ أشقَرَ.\n\n١٣٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٦، م: \"أرثم\". وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"ص\". وأمامها حاشية غير واضحة. والأرشم: الذى ليس بخالص اللون ولا حره. التاج ٣٢/ ٢٦٠ (ر ش م).\n(^٢) أحمد (١٩٠٣٢) مطولًا. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٤٣)، والنسائي (٣٥٦٧) من طريق هشام بن سعيد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٤٨).\n(^٣) بعده في ز: \"كميت\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٣٣) عن أبى المغيرة به بنحوه. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٤٩).","vol":"13","page":224},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عيسَى بنِ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُمْنُ الخَيلِ في شُقرِها\" (^١).\n\n١٣٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَرْوانَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن أبى حَيّانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُسَمِّى الأُنثَى مِنَ الخَيلِ فرَسًا (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَروانَ (^٤) عن أبيهِ.\n\n١٣٠٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوْحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سُوَيدُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ حُدَيجٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ الغِفارِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن فرَسٍ عَرَبِىٍّ إلَّا يُؤذَنُ له كُلَّ يَومٍ بدَعوَتَينِ يقولُ: اللَّهمَّ إنَّكَ خَوَّلتَنِى مَن خَوَّلتَنِى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٤)، وأبو داود (٢٥٤٥) من طريق حسين بن محمد به. والترمذى (١٦٩٥) من طريق شيبان به، وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) في ز: \"العنبرى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٥١٩.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وعند الحاكم: \"موسى بن سهل\" بدل \"موسى بن مروان\". وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٤٦) عن موسى بن مروان به. وابن حبان (٤٦٨٠) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٤) في م: \"هارون\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ١٥١.","vol":"13","page":225},{"text":"فاجعَلْنِى مِن أحَبِّ مالِه وأهلِه إلَيه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2832>بابُ ما يُنهَى عنه مِن تَقليدِ الخَيلِ الأوتارَ</span>\n\n١٣٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا هِشامٌ هو ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَقيلُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، عن أبى وهبٍ الجُشَمِىِّ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ارتَبِطوا الخَيلَ، وامسَحوا بنَواصيها وأعجازِها -أو قال: وأكفالِها- ولا تُقَلِّدوها الأوتارَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2833>بابُ ما يُنهَى عنه مِن جَزِّ نَواصِى الخَيلِ وأذنابِها</span>\n\n١٣٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، عن الهَيثَمِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا خُشَيشُ (^٣) بنُ أصرَمَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، جَميعًا عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن نَصرٍ الكِنانِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ -وقالَ أبو تَوبَةَ: عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن شَيخٍ مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ- عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدٍ السُّلَمِىِّ وهَذا لَفظُه، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَقُصّوا نَواصِى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٩٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٩٧)، والنسائي (٣٥٨١) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٩٠٣٢) وزاد فيه أطرافًا أخرى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٥٣)، والنسائي (٣٥٦٧) من طريق هشام بن سعيد به، وزاد النسائي أطرافًا كما عند أحمد. وينظر ما تقدم (١٣٠٢٧، ١٣٠٢٨). وحسنه الألبانى في صحح أبى داود (٢٢٢٦).\n(^٣) في ز: \"حشيش\". بالحاء المهملة. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٢٥١.","vol":"13","page":226},{"text":"الخَيلِ ولا مَعارِفَها (^١) ولا أذنابَها، فإِن أذنابَها مَذابُّها (^٢) ومَعارِفَها دِفاؤُها (^٣)، ونَواصيها مَعقودٌ فيها الخَيرُ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2834>بابُ مَن دَخَلَ يُريدُ الجِهادَ فمَرِضَ أو لَم يُقاتِلْ</span>\n\n١٣٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن أبيه، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: رأى سَعدٌ أن له فضلًا على مَن [دونَه. قال] (^٥): فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما يَنصُرُ الله هذه الأُمَّةَ بضُعَفائهِم بصَلاتِهِم ودَعوَتِهِم\" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُليمان بنِ حَربٍ عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ (^٧).\n\n١٣٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المعارِف، جمع مَعْرَفة: الموضع الذى ينبت فيه عُرْف الفرس من رقبته. الفائق ٢/ ٤٢٢، وينظر تاج العروس ٢٤/ ١٥١ (ع ر ف).\n(^٢) مذابها: جمع مِذَبَّة بكسر الميم، وهى ما يذب به الذباب، والخيل تدفع بأذنابها ما يقع عليها من ذباب وغيره. ينظر تاج العروس ٢/ ٤١٩ (ذ ب ب).\n(^٣) دفاؤها: بكسر الدال أى كساؤها الذى تدفأ به. عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٤٠) من طريق ثور بن يزيد عن نصر عن رجل من بنى سليم عن عتبة به، وينظر مسند أحمد (١٧٦٣٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢١٧).\n(^٥) في س: \"هو له\"، وفى ص ٦، ز: \"هو دونه قال\". وفى المهذب ٥/ ٢٥٠٢: \"هو دونه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٧٨) من طريق طلحة عن مصعب بن سعد عن أبيه. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٤٦٠).\n(^٧) البخارى (٢٨٩٦).","vol":"13","page":227},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ابغونِى الضُّعَفاءَ، فإِنَّما تُرزَقونَ وتُنصَرونَ بضُعَفائكُم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2835>بابُ مَنَ دَخَلَ أجيرًا يُريدُ الجِهادَ أو لَم يُرِدْهُ</span>\n\n١٣٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ مِهرانَ الثَّقَفِىُّ الزَّاهِدُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ (^٢) المالِكِىُّ بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ القُرَشِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى عمرٍو السَّيبانِىِّ (^٣)، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الدَّيلَمِىِّ، أن يَعلَى ابنَ مُنْيَةَ قال: آذَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالغَزوِ وأنا شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لَيسَ لِى خادِمٌ، فالتَمَستُ أجيرًا وأُجرِى له سَهمَه فوَجَدتُ رَجُلًا، فلَمّا دَنا الرَّحيلُ أتانِى فقالَ: ما أدرِى ما السُّهمانُ وما يَبلُغُ سَهمِى؟ فسَمِّ لِى شَيئًا كان السَّهمُ أو لَم يَكُنْ. فسَمَّيتُ له ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ، فلَمّا حَضرَت غَنيمَةٌ أرَدتُ أن أُجرِى له سَهمَه فذَكَرتُ الدَّنانيرَ، فجِئتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتُ له أمرَه فقالَ: \"ما أجِدُ له في غَزوَتِه هذه في الدُّنيا -أظُنُّه قال: والآخِرَةِ- إلَّا دَنانيرَه التى سَمَّى\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٦. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٤٥٩).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحنيد\" بالحاء المهملة. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٦.\n(^٣) في ص ٦، م: \"الشيبانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٣٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٨٠.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٢٧) عن أحمد بن صالح به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٠٤).","vol":"13","page":228},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2836>بابُ مَن دَخَلَ يُريدُ التِّجارَةَ</span>\n\n١٣٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيَّةِ (^١)، وإِنَّما لاِمرِئٍ (^٢) ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه فهِجرَتُه إلَى اللَّهِ ورسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه لِدُنيا (^٣) يُصيبُها أوِ امرأةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها، فهِجرَتُه إلَى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٣٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبَرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبَرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بالنيات\".\n(^٢) في س: \"لكل امرئ\".\n(^٣) في م: \"إلى دنيا\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٨٣٧)، والآداب (١١٣٨). وتقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٦٥) من طريق القعنبى. وتقدم في (١٨٤، ١٨٥، ١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥، ٨١٨٨، ٨٣٦٥، ٩٠٦٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٤)، ومسلم (١٩٠٧/ ١٥٥).","vol":"13","page":229},{"text":"عُبادَةَ، عن جَدِّه عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن غَزا وهو لا يَنوِى في غَزاتِه إلَّا عِقالًا (^١) فلَه ما نَوَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سَلمانَ أن رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَدَّثَه قال: لمَّا فتَحْنا خَيبَرَ أخرَجوا غَنائمَهُم مِنَ المَتاعِ والسَّبي، فجَعَلَ الناسُ يَبتاعونَ غَنائمَهُم، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَقَد رَبِحتُ رِبحًا ما رَبِحَه اليَومَ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ هذا الوادِى. قال: \"ويحَكَ! وما رَبِحتَ؟ \". قال: ما زِلتُ أبيعُ وأبتاعُ حَتَّى رَبِحتُ ثَلاثَمِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أُنَبِّئُكَ بخَيرِ رَجُلٍ رَبِحَ\". قال: ما هو يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"رَكعَتَينِ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى العَجفاءِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: وأُخرَى تَقولونَها لِمَن قُتِلَ في مَغازيكُم هذه أو ماتَ: قُتِلَ فُلانٌ شَهيدًا. ولَعَلَّه أن يَكونَ قَد أوقَرَ دَفَّتَى راحِلَتِه ذَهَبًا أو ورِقًا يَبتَغِى\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"عقارا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٩٢)، والنسائي (٣١٣٩) من طربق يزيد بن هارون به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٢٩٤٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٨٥). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩٣).","vol":"13","page":230},{"text":"به الدُّنيا -أو قال: التِّجارَةَ- فلا تَقولوا ذاكُم، ولَكِن قولوا كما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قُتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أو ماتَ فهو في الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سابِقٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ أبى قَيسٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ أبى العَجفاءِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: وأُخرَى ما تَقولونَها؛ الرَّجُلُ يَخرُجُ فيُقاتِلُ فتَقولونَ (^٢): استُشهِدَ فُلانٌ. ولَعَلَّه أن يَكونَ قَد خَرَجَ قَد مَلأ عَجُزَ دابَّتِه دَنانيرَ أو دَراهِمَ التِّجارَةِ (^٣)، فلا تَقولوا ذَلِكَ، ولَكِن قولوا كما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قُتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فهو في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٤).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ عن محمدٍ عن أبى العَجفاءِ السُّلَمِىِّ، لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَه في إسنادِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٠٦) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٣٤٠)، والترمذى (١١١٤ م)، والنسائي (٣٣٤٩) من طريق أيوب به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وابن حبان (٤٦٢٠) من طريق محمد بن سيرين به.\n(^٢) في يس، م: \"فيقولون\".\n(^٣) في م، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥٠٣: \"للتجارة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٢٥٨ من طريق محمد بن مسلم ابن وارة به.","vol":"13","page":231},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2837>بابٌ: المَملوكُ والمَرأةُ يُرضَخُ لَهُما ولا يُسهَمُ</span>\n\n١٣٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ، أخبَرَنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قالى: سَمِعتُ قَيسًا يُحَدِّثُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ قال: كَتَبَ نَجدَةُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسألُه عن أشياءَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في سُؤالِه وفِى جَوابِه، قالى: وسألتَ عن المَرأةِ والعَبدِ هَل كان لَهُما سَهمٌ مَعلومٌ إذا حَضرا البأسَ؟ و(^١) إنَّه لَم يَكُنْ لَهُما سَهمٌ مَعلومٌ إلَّا أن يُحذَيا مِن غَنائمِ العَدوِّ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^٣).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ عن يَزيدَ في هذا الحديثِ قال: وأمّا السَّهمُ فلَم يَضرِبْ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ:\n\n١٣٠٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، [عن أبيه] (^٤)، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ في هذه القِصَّةِ قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّكَ كَتَبتَ تَسألُنِى: هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَغزو بالنِّساءِ؟\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٥) من طريق جرير به، وسيأتى في (١٨٠٢٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٤٠).\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.","vol":"13","page":232},{"text":"وقَد كان يَغزو بهِنَّ يُداوينَ المَرضَى ويُحذَينَ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ، وأمّا السَّهمُ فلَم يَضرِبْ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن حاتِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ زَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمَيرٌ مَولَى آبِى اللَّحمِ قال: شَهِدتُ خَيبَرَ وأنا عبدٌ مَملوكٌ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أَسهِمْ لِى. فأعطانِى سَيفًا فقالَ: \"تَقَلَّدْ هذا السَّيفَ\". وأعطانِى خُرثِىَّ (^٣) مَتاعٍ ولَم يُسهِمْ لِى (^٤). أخرَجَ مسلمٌ بهَذا الإِسنادِ حَديثًا آخَرَ في الزَّكاةِ (^٥). وهَذا المَتنُ أيضًا صَحيحٌ على شَرطِهِ.\n\n١٣٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ وغَيرُه قالوا: أخبَرَنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا رافِعُ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ زيادٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حَشرَجُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن جَدَّتِه أُمِّ أبيه أنَّها خَرَجَت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ سادِسَ سِتِّ نِسوَةٍ، فبَلَغَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٤/ ٢٥٧. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٥٥٦) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٨١١) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) خرثى: أثاث البيت ومتاعه. النهاية ٢/ ١٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٤٦). وسيأتى في (١٧٩١٥، ١٨٠٢٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٢٥/ ٨٢).","vol":"13","page":233},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فبَعَثَ إلَينا، فجِئنا فرأينا فيه الغَضَبَ، فقالَ: \"مَعَ مَن خَرَجتُنَّ؟ وبِإِذنِ مَن خَرَجتُنَّ؟ \". فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ خَرَجْنا نَغزِلُ الشَّعَرَ ونُعينُ به في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ومعنا دَواءٌ لِلجَرحَى، ونُناوِلُ السِّهامَ، ونَسقِى السَّويقَ. فقالَ: \"قُمنَ (^١) \". حَتَّى إذا فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيه خَيبَرَ أسهَمَ لَنا كما أسهَمَ لِلرِّجالِ، قال: فقُلتُ لَها: يا جَدَّةُ وما كان ذَلكِ؟ قالَت: تَمرًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: إخبارُها عن عَينِ ما أعطاهُنَّ دَلالَةٌ على كَونِه رَضخًا. وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ: لَم يَضرِبْ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ. بَيانُ ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوِرُوِى عن مَكحولٍ وغَيرِه في الإسهامِ لَهُنَّ بخَيبَرَ (^٣)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2838>بابُ المَدَدِ يَلحَقُ بالمُسلِميَن قبلَ تنقَطِعُ الحَربُ أو لَم يأتوا حَتَّى تَنقَطِعَ الحَربُ، وما رُوِى في الغَنيمَةِ أنَّها لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ</span>\n\n١٣٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى بُرَيدٌ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، فذَكَرَ قُدومَهُم على جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أقمن\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٧٩) من طريق رافع بن سلمة به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٧٩، ٢٨٩).","vol":"13","page":234},{"text":"بالحَبَشَةِ قال: فأقَمْنا مَعَه حَتَّى قَدِمْنا جَميعًا، قال: فوافَقْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ افتَتَحَ خَيبَرَ فأسهَمَ لَنا -أو قال: أعطانا مِنها- وما قَسَمَ لأحَدٍ غابَ عن فتحِ خَيبَرَ مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا مَن شَهِدَ مَعَه، إلَّا أصحابَ سَفينَتِنا مَعَ جَعفَرٍ وأصحابِه فقَسَمَ لَهُم مَعَهُم (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٢). وهَؤُلاءِ إن حَضَروا قبلَ (^٣) تَنقَطِعُ الحَربُ أو قبلَ حيازَةِ الغَنيمَةِ فأشرَكَهُم فيها، فهِى في مَسألَتِنا وإِن حَضَروا بعدَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٣٠٤٧ - وعَلَيه يَدُلُّ ما أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبْدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا بُرَيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قَدِمنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعدَ فتحِ خَيبَرَ فأسهَمَ لَنا، ولَم يُسهِمْ لأحَدٍ يَعنِى لَم يَشهَدِ الفَتحَ غَيرَنا (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن حفصٍ (^٥).\nورَواه يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى عن حَفصٍ وقالَ: بعدَ ما افتَتَحَها بثَلاثٍ (^٦).\nفيَحتَمِلُ أنَّه -ﷺ- إنَّما أعطاهُم مِن سَهمِ المَصالِحِ أوأشرَكَهُم في الغَنيمَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٢٥) عن محمد بن العلاء أبى كريب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٠٢).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٤) جزء يحيى بن معين (١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٣٥)، والترمذى (١٥٥٩)، وابن حبان (٤٨١٣) من طريق حفص به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٢٣٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه البزار (٣١٨٧)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٢/ ٢٨ من طريق يوسف به.","vol":"13","page":235},{"text":"برِضا الغانِمينَ، وقَد رُوِى في قِصَّةِ جَعفَرٍ وغَيرِه بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ أنَّه سألَ أصحابَه أن يُشرِكوهُم في مَقاسِمِ خَيبَرَ ففَعَلوا (^١).\nولَه شاهِدٌ صَحيحٌ في قِصَّةِ قُدومِ أبى هريرةَ:\n\n١٣٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الفَه بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عَنبَسَةُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأصحابِه خَيبَرَ بعدَما افتَتَحوها، فسألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُسهِمَ لِى مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ، فقالَ بَعضُ بَنِى سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ: لا تُسهِمْ له يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذا قاتِلُ ابنِ قَوقَلٍ. فقالَ ابنُ سعيدٍ: واعَجَبًا لِوَبْرٍ (^٢) تَدَلَّى عَلَينا مِن قَدومِ ضأنٍ (^٣) يَنعَى علىَّ قَتلَ رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ أكرَمَه اللهُ على يَدَىَّ، ولَم يُهِنِّى على يَدَيه. قال سفيانُ: فلا أحفَظُه أنَّه قال: أسهَمَ له أو لَم يُسهِمْ. قالَ سفيانُ: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ سألَ الزُّهرِىَّ عنه وأنا حاضِرٌ (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٦٨٣، وطبقات ابن سعد ٢/ ١٠٨.\n(^٢) الوبر: دابة في حجم القطة غبراء أو بيضاء. النهاية ٥/ ٣١١.\n(^٣) ينظر (١٣٠٥٠).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٨. وتقدم تخريجه في (٣٩٧٩).","vol":"13","page":236},{"text":"إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ سُفيانَ، وزادَ: قال سفيانُ: حَدَّثَنيه السَّعيدِىُّ أيضًا عن جَدِّه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^٢). واسمُ السَّعيدِىِّ عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، وجَدُّه سعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو.\nقال البخارىُّ (^٣): ويُذكَرُ عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَ ما:\n\n١٣٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن عَنبَسَةَ بنَ سعيدٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ سعيدَ بنَ العاصِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ أبانَ بنَ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ على سَريَّةٍ مِنَ المَدينَةِ قِبَلَ نَجدٍ، فقَدِمَ أبانُ بنُ سعيدٍ وأصحابُه على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بخَيبَرَ بعدَ أن فتَحَها وإِنَّ حُزْمَ خَيلِهِم ليفٌ، فقالَ أبانٌ (^٤): اقسِمْ لَنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال أبو هريرةَ: فقُلتُ: لا تَقسِمْ لَهُم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقال أبانٌ: أنتَ به [يا وَبْرُ] (^٥) تَحَدَّرَ عَلَينا مِن رأسِ ضالٍ (^٦)! فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اجلِسْ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٤٠)، دون قول سفيان، والحميدى (١١٠٩)، وفيه قول سفيان. وتقدم في (٣٩٧٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٢٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٢٣٨).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بن سعيد وأصحابه\".\n(^٥) في م: \"وبر\".\n(^٦) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"صح\". وفى س، م: \"ضان\".\nوضال: بالتخفيف، مكان أو جبل بعينه، ويروى بالنون، وهو أيضًا جبل في أرض دوس، وقيل:=","vol":"13","page":237},{"text":"يا أبانُ\". ولَم يَقسِمْ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سالِمٍ عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، وهو فيما ذَكَرَه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: لَم يُقِمِ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، يعنى (^٢) مَتنَه، والحَديثُ حَديثُ الزُّبَيدِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ بَحرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ فتَحَ على رسولِه -ﷺ- خَيبَرَ ثُمَّ جاءَه أبانُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ في خَيلٍ له، فسألَه أن يُسهِمَ له ولأصحابِه، فلَم يَفعَلْ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال أبو هريرةَ: وكانَت حُزْمُ خُيولِهِمُ اللِّيفَ (^٤). فهَذا يوافِقُ رِوايَةَ الزُّبَيدِىِّ في مَتنِه ويُخالِفُه في إسنادِه، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nقال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ: الحَديثانِ مَحفوظانِ؛ حَديثُ عَنبَسَةَ مِن\n_________\n= أراد به الضأن من الغنم فتكون ألفه همزة. النهاية ٣/ ١٠٩.\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٢٣).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٦٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨١٤، ٤٨١٥) من طريق الوليد به.","vol":"13","page":238},{"text":"حَديثِ الزُّبَيدِىِّ، وحَديثُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: ما شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَغنمًا إلَّا قَسَمَ لِى، إلَّا خَيبَرَ فإِنَّها كانَت لأهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ خاصَّةً، وكانَ أبو موسَى وأبو هريرةَ جاءا بَينَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وبَينَ خَيبَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا خُثَيمُ بنُ عِراكٍ، عن أبيه، عن نَفَرٍ مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ قالوا: إنَّ أبا هريرةَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ وقَد خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إلَى خَيبَرَ، واستَخلَفَ على المَدينَةِ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ يُقالُ له: سِباعُ بنُ عُرفُطَةَ. قال أبو هريرةَ: فوَجَدناه في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ فلَمّا فرَغنا مِن صَلاتِنا أتَينا سِباعَ بنَ عُرفُطَةَ، فزَوَّدَنا تَمرًا حَتَّى قَدِمْنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَد فتَحَ خَيبَرَ، وكَلَّمَ المُسلِمينَ فأشرَكونا في سُهمانِهِم (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٥٤ - ورَواه رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن خُثَيمِ بنِ عِراكٍ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه قال:\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٦٤٨).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٦٠، ١٦١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩١٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ١٥٥: وفيه على بن زيد، وهو سيئ الحفظ، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٩٨. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٩١٠) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"13","page":239},{"text":"فاستأذَنَ النّاسَ أن يَقسِمَ لَنا مِنَ الغَنائمِ، فأذِنوا له فقَسَمَ لَنا. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nالرِّواياتُ في قُدومِه بعدَ فتحِ خَيبَرَ أصَحُّ، ثُمَّ رِوايَةُ مَن رَوَى أنَّه لَم يُسهِمْ له أرادَ قِسمَةَ مَن شَهِدَها، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه أشرَكَهُم في سُهمانِهِم برِضاهُم كما في هذه الرِّوايَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٣٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: بَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَقسِمْ لِغائبٍ في مَغنَمٍ لَم يَشهَدْه إلَّا يَومَ خَيبَرَ قَسَمَ لِغائبِ أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ مِن أجلِ أن اللهَ ﵎ كان أعطَى خَيبَرَ المُسلِمينَ مِن أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ فقالَ: ﴿وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٠]. فكانَت لأهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ مَن شَهِدَ مِنهُم ومَن غابَ، ولِمَن شَهِدَ مِنَ النّاسِ غَيرِهِم (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٥٦ - وعن يونُسَ قال: وقال ابنُ شِهابٍ: بَلَغَنا، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٨٠١)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٦٩٥) من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٧٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"13","page":240},{"text":"قَسَمَ لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- يَومَ بَدرٍ، وكانَ عثمانُ -﵁- تَخَلَّفَ على امرأتِه رُقيَّةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأصابَتها الحَصبَةُ، فجاءَ زَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ بَشيرًا بوَقعَةِ بَدرٍ وعُثمانُ -﵁- على قَبرِ رُقيَّةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدفِنُها (^١).\n\n١٣٠٥٧ - قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وبَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ لِطَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ وسَعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ وكانا غائبَينِ بالشّامِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ إسحاقَ أنَّه لَم يَغِبْ عن خَيبَرَ مِن أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ إلَّا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ (^٢). وأمّا قِسمَتُه لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وغَيرِه مِن غَنائمِ بَدرٍ فقَد مَضَتِ الدَّلالَةُ في هذا الكِتابِ على أنَّها كانَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَضعُها حَيثُ أراه اللَّهُ، وإِنَّما صارَتِ الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ بعدَ قِسمَةِ بَدرٍ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرْانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بن شِهابٍ الأحمَسِىِّ قال: غَزَت بَنو عُطارِدٍ ماهَ البَصرَةِ (^٤) وأُمِدُّوا بعَمّارٍ مِنَ الكوفَةِ، فخَرَجَ قبلَ الوَقعَةِ وقَدِمَ بعدَ الوَقعَةِ فقالَ: نَحنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٧٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٤٢، ١٢٨٤٣).\n(^٢) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٣٦ - ١٢٨٤٥).\n(^٤) ماه البصرة: يقال لنهاوند وهمذان وقم؛ لأن أهل البصرة هم افتتحوها. مراصد الاطلاع ٣/ ١٢٢٤.","vol":"13","page":241},{"text":"شُرَكاؤُكُم في الغَنيمَةِ. فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عُطارِدٍ فقالَ: أيُّها العَبدُ المُجَدَّعُ (^١) تُريدُ أن نَقسِمَ لَكَ غَنائمَنا -وكانَت أُذُنُه أُصيبَت في سَبيلِ اللهِ- فقالَ: عَيَّرتُمونِى بأحَبِّ أُذُنَىَّ إلَىَّ (^٢)، أو: خَيرِ أُذُنَىَّ. قال: فكَتَبَ في ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ: إنَّ الغَنيمَةَ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- في قِصَّةٍ أُخرَى أنَّه كَتَبَ: إنَّما الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٥٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الغَسّانِىُّ (^٥)، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ وراشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ قالا: سارَتِ الرُّومُ إلَى حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ وهو بإرمينيَةَ فكَتَبَ إلَى (^٦) مُعاويَةَ يَستَمِدُّه، فكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- بذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ عثمانُ -﵁- إلَى أميرِ العِراقِ يأمُرُه أن يُمِدَّ حَبيبًا، فأمَدَّه بأهلِ العِراقِ وأمَّرَ عَلَيهِم سَلمانَ بنَ رَبيعَةَ الباهِلِىَّ، فساروا يُريدونَ غِياثَ حَبيبٍ، فلَم يَبلُغوهُم حَتَّى لَقِى هو وأصحابُه\n_________\n(^١) مجدع الأطراف: أى: مقطعها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤١.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٧٧٦) عن وكيع به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٨٠١٠).\n(^٤) سيأتى قبل (١٨٠٠٩).\n(^٥) في ز: \"العسقلانى\".\n(^٦) في م: \"لى\".","vol":"13","page":242},{"text":"العَدوَّ، ففَتَحَ اللَّهُ لَهُم، فلَمّا قَدِمَ سَلمانُ وأصحابُه على حَبيبٍ سألوهُم أن يُشرِكوهُم في الغَنيمَةِ، وقالوا: قَد أمدَدناكُم. وقالَ أهلُ الشّامِ: لَم تَشهَدوا القِتالَ لَيسَ لَكُم معنا شَيءٌ. فأبَى حَبيبٌ أن يُشرِكَهُم، وحَوَى (^١) هو (^٢) وأصحابُه على غَنيمَتِهِم، فتَنازَعَ أهلُ الشّامِ وأهلُ العِراقِ في ذَلِكَ [حَتَّى كادَ يَكونُ بَينَهُم في ذَلِكَ كَونٌ] (^٣)، فقالَ بَعضُ أهلِ العِراقِ (^٤):\nإن تَقتُلوا سَلمانَ نَقتُلْ حَبيبَكُم وِإن تَرحَلوا نَحوَ ابنِ عَفّانَ نَرحَل قال أبو بكرٍ الغَسّانِيُّ (^٥): فسَمِعتُ أنَّها أوَّلُ عَداوَةٍ وقَعَتْ بَينَ أهلِ الشّامِ وأهلِ العرِاقِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2839>بابُ السَّريَّةِ تَخرُجُ مِن عَسكَرٍ في بلادِ العَدوِّ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد مَضتْ خَيلُ المُسلِمينَ فغَنِمَت بأوطاسٍ غَنائمَ كَثيرَةً وأكثَرُ العَسكَرِ بحُنَينٍ، فشَرِكوهُم وهُم مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٧).\n\n١٣٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"في الغنيمة فحوى\".\n(^٢) ليس في. م.\n(^٣) ليس في: ز.\n(^٤) البيت منسوب لأوس بن مغراء، كما في تاريخ الطبرى ٤/ ٣٠٧، والكامل ٣/ ١٣٣.\n(^٥) في ز: \"العسقلانى\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٧) الأم ٤/ ١٤٦.","vol":"13","page":243},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ؛ قال أبى: أخبرَنا. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: لما فرَغَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- مِن حُنَينن بَعَثَ أبا عامِرٍ على جَيشِ أوطاسٍ، فلَقِى دُرَيدَ بنَ الصِّمَّةِ، فقُتِلَ دُرَيدٌ وهَزَمَ اللَّهُ أصحابَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الفَتحِ فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّه ما كان مِن حِلفٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ فإِنَّ الإسلامَ لَم يَزِدْه إلَّا شِدَّةً، ولا حِلفَ في الإسلامِ، والمُسلِمونَ يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم يَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم أقصاهُم، تَرُدُّ سَراياهُم على قَعَدَتِهِم\" (^٣). وذَكَرَ (^٤) الحَديثَ.\n\n١٣٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أن حَبيبَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ غَزا الرُّومَ فأخَذوا رَجُلًا فاتَّهَموه، فأخبَرهُم أنَّه عَينٌ، فقالَ: هذا مَلِكُ الرُّومِ في الناسِ وراءَ هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٨١)، وابن حبان (٧١٩٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٩٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"باقى\".","vol":"13","page":244},{"text":"الجَبَلِ. فقالَ لأصحابِه: أشيروا عليَّ. فقالَ بَعضُهُم: نَرَى أن تُقيمَ حَتَّى يَلحَقَ بكَ النّاسُ -وكانوا مُنقَطِعينَ- وقالَ بَعضهُم: نَرَى أن تَرجِعَ إلَى فِئَتِكَ ولا تَقْدَمَ على هَؤُلاءِ؛ فإِنَه لا طاقَةَ لَنا بهِم. فقالَ: أمّا أنا فأُعطِى اللَّهَ عَهدًا لا أخيسُ (^١) به، لأخُالِطَنَّهُم. فلَمّا ارتَفَعَ النَّهارُ إذا هو بهِم قَد مَلَئوا الأرضَ، فحَمَلَ وحَمَلَ أصحابُه، فانهَزَمَ العَدوُّ وأصابوا غَنائمَ كَثحرَةً، فلَحِقَ النّاسُ الَّذينَ لَم يَحضُروا القِتالَ، فقالوا: نَحقُ شُرَكاؤُكُم في الغَنيمَةِ. وقالَ الَّذينَ شَهِدوا القِتالَ: لَيسَ لَكُم نَصيبٌ، لَم تَحضُروا القِتالَ. وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ -وكانَ مِمَّن حَضر مَعَ حَبيبِ-: لَيسَ لَكُم نَصيبٌ. فكَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى مُعاويَةَ، فكَتَبَ: أنِ اقسِمْ بَينَهُم كُلًّهِم. قال: وأظُنُّ مُعاويَةَ كان كَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ بذَلِكَ عُمَ -﵁-. وقالَ الشّاعِرُ (^٢):\nإنَّ حَبيبًا بئسَ ما يواسِى\nوابنَ الزُّبَيرِ ذاهِبُ الأقساسِ\nلَيسوا بأنجادٍ (^٣) ولا أكياسِ (^٤)\nولا رَفيقًا بأُمورِ النّاسِ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) لا أخيس: أى لا أنقض. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣١٥.\n(^٢) لم نقف على اسمه.\n(^٣) أنجاد: جمع نجد، وهو الشجاع الماضى فيما يعجز عنه غيره. التاج ٩/ ٢٠٤ (ن ج د).\n(^٤) أكياس: جمع كيس، وهو الظريف الخفيف المتوقد الذهن. التاج ١٦/ ٤٦١ (ك ى س).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٢/ ٧٥ من طريق المصنف به، وفيه: خيرون. بدلًا من:\nخميرويه.","vol":"13","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2840>بابُ التَّسويَةِ في قَسمِ (^١) الغَنيمَةِ والقَومِ يَهَبونَ الغَنيمَةَ</span>\n\n١٣٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَضادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ وخالِدٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرِّيتِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ شَقيقٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَلقَينِ، قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وهو بوادِى القُرَى وهو يَعرِضُ فرَسًا، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُمِرتَ؟ قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلأ اللَّهُ وأنى رسولُ اللَّهِ، فإِذا قالوها عَصَموا مِنى دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلّا بحَقها وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فمَن هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ تُقاتِلُ (^٢)؟ قال: \"هَؤُلاءِ اليَهودُ المَغضوبُ عَلَيهِم، وهَؤُلاءِ النَّصارَى الضَّالُّونَ\". قُلتُ: فما تَقولُ في الغَنيمَةِ؟ قال: \"للهِ خُمُسُها، وأربَعَةُ أخماسٍ (^٣) لِلجَيشِ\". قُلتُ: فما أحَدٌ أولَى به مِن أحَدٍ؟ قال: \"لا، ولا السَّهمُ تَستَخرِجُه مِن جَنبِكَ أحَق به مِن أخيكَ المُسلِمِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٠٦٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) في س: \"يقاتل\" ..\n(^٣) في م: \"أخماسها\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٩٩١)، وفيه: \"أنت أحق به\".","vol":"13","page":246},{"text":"حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَلقَينِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^١).\nورَواه موسَى بنُ داودَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"فإِن رُميتَ بسَهمٍ في جَنبِكَ فاستَخرَجتَه، فلَستَ بأحَقَّ به مِن أخيكَ المُسلِمِ\" (^٢). وفِى ذَلِكَ بَيانُ ما رُوِّينا، وقَد مَضَى حَديثُ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه أخَذَ يَومَ حُنَينٍ -أو قال: يَومَ خَيبَرَ- وبَرَةً مِن جَنبِ بَعيرٍ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لِى مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ عَلَيكم قَدرُ هذه إلَّا الخمُسَ، والخُمُسُ مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال (^٤): كُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- بحُنَينٍ فلَمّا أصابَ مِن هَوازِنَ ما أصابَ مِن أموالِهِم وسَباياهُم أدرَكَه (^٥) وفدُ هَوازِنَ بالجِعْرَانَةِ وقَد أسلَموا، فقالوا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٨٦). وأخرجه البلاذرى في أنساب الأشراف ١/ ٤٤٥ عن عبد الواحد بن غياث به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٤٥٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٨٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٨٧٥).\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"خطب رسول الله -ﷺ- عام الفتح فقال: أيها الناس إنه ما كان من حلف في الجاهلية فإن الإسلام لم يزده إلا شدة ولا حلف في الإسلام، والمسلمون يد على من سواهم يسعى بذمتهم أدناهم يرد عليهم أقصاهم\".\n(^٥) في م: \"أدرك\".","vol":"13","page":247},{"text":"يارسولَ اللهِ، لَنا أصلٌ وعَشيرَةٌ وقَد أصابَنا مِنَ البَلاءِ ما لَم يَخفَ عَلَيكَ، فامنُنْ عَلَينا مَنَ اللهُ عَلَيكَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نِساؤُكُم وأبناؤُكُم أحَبُّ إلَيكُم أم أموالُكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خَيَّرتَنا بَينَ أحسابِنا وبَينَ أموالِنا، أبناؤُنا ونِساؤُنا أحَبُّ إلَينا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمَّا ما كان لِى ولِبَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فهو لكم، وِإذا أنا صَلَّيتُ بالناسِ فقوموا وقولوا: إنّا نَستَشفِعُ برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المُسلِمينَ، وبِالمُسلِمينَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في أبنائنا ونِسائنا. فسأُعطيهُم عِندَ ذَلِكَ وأسألُ لَكُم\". فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ الظُّهرَ قاموا فقالوا ما أمَرَهُم به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أما ما كان لِى ولِبَنى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فهو لَكُم\". فقالَ المُهاجِرونَ: وما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَتِ الأنصارُ: وما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ الأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ: أمَّا أنا وبَنو تَميمٍ فلا. وقالَ العباسُ بنُ مِرداسٍ: أمَّا أنا وبَنو سُلَيمٍ فلا. فقالَت بَنو سُلَيمٍ: بَل ما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ عُيَينَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ: أفَا أنا وبَنو فزارَةَ فلا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أمسَكَ مِنكُم بحَقِّه فلَه بكُلِّ إنسانٍ سِتَّةُ فرائضَ مِن أوَلِّ فئٍ نُصيبُه، فرُدُّوا إلَى النّاسِ نِساءَهُم وأبناءَهُم\". ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- واتَّبَعَه النّاسُ يَقولونَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ اقسِمْ عَلَينا فيئَنا. حَتَّى اضطَرُّوه إلَى شَجَرَةٍ فانتزَعَت عنه رِداءَه، فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ رُدُّوا على رِدائى، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو كان لَكُم عَدَدُ شَجَرِ تِهامَةَ نَعَمًا لَقَسَمتُه عَلَيكُم، ثُمَّ ما ألفَيتُمونِى بَخيلًا ولا جَبانًا ولا كَذّابًا\". ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى جَنبِ بَعيرٍ وأخَذَ مِن سَنامِه وبَرَةً فجَعَلَها بَينَ إصبَعَيه، فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ","vol":"13","page":248},{"text":"واللَّهِ ما لِى مِن فيئكُم ولا هذه الوَبَرَةِ إلَّا الخُمُسَ، والخُمُسُ مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم فأدُّوا الخياطَ والمِخْيطَ (^١)، فإِنَّ الغُلولَ عارٌ ونارٌ وشَنارٌ على أهلِه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فجاءَه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ بكُبَّةٍ مِن خُيوطِ شَعَرٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أخَذتُ هذا لأخيطَ به بَرذَعَةَ بَعيرٍ لِى دَبِرٍ (^٢)، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا حَقِّى مِنها لَكَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: أمّا إذا بَلَغَ الأمرُ هذا فلا حاجَةَ لِى بها. فرَمَى بها مِن يَدِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2841>بابُ ما كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يُعطِى المُؤَلَّفَةَ قُلوبُهُم وغَيَرهُم مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، وما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه إنَّما كان يُعطيهِم مِنَ الخُمُسِ دونَ أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الغنيمَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الدَّيْرَ عاقولِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أن ناسًا مِنَ الأنصارِ قالوا: [يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٤) فيما أفاءَ اللَّهُ على رسولِه مِن أموالِ هَوازِنَ. فطَفِقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعطِى رِجالًا مِن قُرَيشٍ المِائَةَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فقالوا: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، يُعطِى قُرَيشًا ويَترُكْنا وسُيوفُنا تَقطُرُ مِن دِمائهِم! قال: فحُدِّثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بمَقالَتِهِم فأرسَلَ إلَى الأنصارِ فجَمَعَهُم في قُبَّةٍ مِن أدَمٍ لَم يَدعُ مَعَهُم غَيرَهُم، فلَمّا جاءَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"المخياط\".\n(^٢) دَبِر البعير: أصابه الدَّبَر، وهو الجرح في ظهره. ينظر النهاية ٢٠/ ٩٧.\n(^٣) سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٤٨٩. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٣٣٠٧).\n(^٤) ضبب عليها في الأصل.","vol":"13","page":249},{"text":"قال: \"ما حَديثٌ بَلَغَنِى عَنكُم؟ \". فقالَ له فُقَهاؤُهُم: أمّا ذَوو رأيِنا فلَم يَقولوا شَيئًا، وأمّا ناسٌ مِنا حَديثَةٌ أسنانُهُم فقالوا: يَغفِرُ اللَّة لِرسولِ اللَّهِ، يُعطِى قُرَيشًا ويَتزكُنا وسُيوفُنا تَقطُرُ مِن دِمائهِم! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فإِنِّى أُعطِى رِجالًا حَديثِي عَهدٍ بكُفرٍ أتألَّفُهُم، ألَا تَرضَونَ أن يَذهَبَ النّاسُ بالأموالِ وتَرجِعونَ إلَى رِحالِكُم برسولِ اللهِ؟ لَما تَنقَلِبونَ به خَيرٌ مِمّا يَنقَلِبونَ به\". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَد رَضِينا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكُم سَتَجِدونَ بَعدِى أثَرَة شَديدَةً فاصبِروا حَتى تَلقَوُا الئهَ ورسولَه على الحَوضِ\". قال أنَسٌ: إذن نَصبِرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"فإِنِّى على الحَوضِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٦٧ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أسه: \"فإِنِّى على الحَوضِ\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال في الحديثِ: \"فو اللهِ ما تَنقَلِبونَ به خَيرٌ مِمّا يَنقَلِبونَ به\". وقالَ في آخِرِه: قال أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: فلَم نَصبِرْ (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٩٣٣) من طريق أبى اليمان به، وفيه: قال أنس: لم نصبر. وهو الموافق لما في الصحيح. وابن حبان (٧٢٧٨) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٤٧)، ومسلم (١٠٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٦)، والبخارى (٤٣٣١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٣٥) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"13","page":250},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ قال: لما كان يَومُ الفَتحِ قالَتِ الأنصارُ: واللَّهِ إنَّ هذا هو العَجَبُ! إنَّ سُيوفَنا تَقطُرُ مِن دِماءِ قُرَيشٍ وإِنَّ غَنائمَنا تُقسَمُ بَينَهُم! فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ إلَى الأنصارِ خماصَّةً فقالَ: \"ما هذا الّذِى بَلَغَنا عَنكُم؟ \". وكانوا لا يَكذِبونَ فقالوا: هو الَّذِى بَلَغَكَ. فقالَ: \"أما تَرضَونَ أن يَذهَبَ النّاسُ بالغَنائمِ وتَذهَبوا برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى بُيوتِكُم؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"لَو سلَكَ النّاسُ واديًا أو شِعبًا سَلَكتُ وادِى الأنصارِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى الحَسَنِ: لما كان يَومُ حُنَينٍ. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَد يقولُ القائلُ في خُمُسِ الغَنيمَةِ إذا مُيِّزَ مِنها: نَحنُ غَنِمنا هذا. ويُريدونَ أن سَبَبَ مِلكِ ذَلِكَ بهِم، وذَلِكَ مَوجودٌ في كَلامِ النّاسِ، وعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَلَّمَته (^٣) الأنصارُ، وقَد قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في الخُمُسِ: \"هو لِى، ثُمَّ هو مَردودٌ فيكُم\". فلَمّا أعطاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الأبعَدينَ أنكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ الأنصارُ الَّذينَ هُم أولياؤُه.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وأخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣٣٢)، ومسلم (١٠٥٩/ ١٣٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"كلمة\".","vol":"13","page":251},{"text":"عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أعطَى الأقرَعَ وأصحابَه مِن خُمُسِ الخُمُسِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الطاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أن أيّوبَ حَدَّثَه أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَه [أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَه] (^٢) أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو بالجِعْرانَةِ بعدَ أن رَجَعَ مِنَ الجِعرانَةِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَى نَذَرتُ في الجاهِليَّةِ أن أعتَكِفَ يَومًا في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، فكَيفَ تَرَى؟ قال: \"اذهَبْ فاعتَكَفْ يَومًا\". وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد أعطاه جاريَة مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فلَمّا أعتَقَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَبايا النّاسِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ اذهَبْ إلَى تِلكَ الجاريَةِ فخَلِّ سَبيلَها (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطاهِرِ، واستَشهَدَ به البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٣٩٨٦).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ز.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٣٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٢٨، ٢٢٢٩)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨١) من طريق أيوب به. وليس عندهم الشاهد: من الخمس. وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٦٦٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٦/ ٢٨)، والبخارى عقب (٣١٤٤، ٤٣٢٠).","vol":"13","page":252},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2842>جِماعُ أبواب تَفريقِ الخُمُسِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2843>باب: سهمُ اللَّهِ وسَهمُ رسوله -ﷺ- مِن خُمُسِ الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤١]. وقالَ في آيَةِ الفَيْءِ: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ [الحشر: ٧].\n\n١٣٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَسَنِ إسماعيلَ ابنَ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جَدِّى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ محمدِ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ يقولُ: قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: إنَّما استَفتَحَ اللَّهُ الكَلامَ في الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ بذِكرِ نَفسِه لأنَّها أشرَفُ الكَسبِ، وإِنَّما يُنسَبُ إلَيه كُلُّ شَئٍ يُشَرَّفُ ويُعَظَّمُ، ولَم يَنسِبِ الصَّدَقَةَ إلَى نَفسِه لأنَّها أوساخُ النّاسِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ قال: سألتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ محمدٍ عن قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ فقالَ: هذا مِفتاحُ كَلامٍ، للَّهِ ما في الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"13","page":253},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشةَ قال: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ الجَزّارِ قُلتُ: كَم لِرسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- مِنَ الخُمُسِ؟ قال: خُمُسُ الخُمُسِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبَرَنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾. قال: يُقسَمُ الخُمُسُ على خَمسَةِ أخماسٍ، فخُمُسُ اللهِ والرَّسولِ واحِدٌ، ويقسَمُ ما سِوَى ذَلِكَ على الآخَرينَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ وقَتادَةَ كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوعن عَطاءٍ قال: خُمُسُ اللهِ ورسولِه واحِدٌ.\n\n١٣٠٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ المَشَاطُ قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ في قَولِه عَر وجَل: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾. قال: خُمُسُ اللهِ ورسولِه واحِدٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٥) من طريق موسى به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٦٤): صحيح الإسناد مرسل.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٧٧)، (٩٩٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٧٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ١٨٨، وابن حزم في المحلى ٧/ ٥٣٣ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٨) بسنده عن مجاهد بنحوه. وقال الألبانى في ضعيف النسائي (٢٧٩):=","vol":"13","page":254},{"text":"كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَصنَعُ فيه ما شاءَ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ العَلاءِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ الأسوَدَ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ عَبَسَةَ (^٢) قال: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى بَعيرٍ مِنَ المَغنَمِ، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ أخَذَ وبَرَةً مِن جَنبِ البَعيرِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ولا يَحِلُّ لِى مِن غَنائمِكُم مِثلُ هذا إلَّا الخُمُسَ، والخُمُسُ مَردودٌ فيكُم (^٣) \".\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَد مَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- -بأبِى هو وأُمِّي- ماضيًا وصَلَّى اللَّهُ ومَلائكَتُه عَلَيه، فاختَلَفَ أهلُ العِلمِ عِندَنا في سَهمِه، فمِنهُم مَن قال: يُرَدُّ على السُّهمانِ التى ذَكَرَها اللَّهُ مَعَه. ومِنهُم مَن قال: يَضَعُه الإمامُ حَيثُ رأى على الاجتِهادِ لِلِإسلامِ وأهلِه. ومِنهُم مَن قال: يَضَعُه في الكُراعِ والسِّلاحِ. والَّذِى أختارُ: أن يَضَعَه الإمامُ في كُلِّ أمرٍ حَصَّنَ به الإسلامَ وأهلَه، مِن سَدِّ ثَغرٍ أو إعدادِ كُراعٍ أو سِلاحٍ، أوأعطاه أهلَ البَلاءِ في الإسلامِ نَفَلًا عِندَ الحَربِ وغَيرِ الحَربِ، إعدادًا لِلزِّيادَةِ في تَعزيزِ الإسلامِ وأهلِه، على ما صَنَعَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد أعطَى المُؤَلَّفَةَ ونَفَّلَ في\n_________\n= ضعيف الإسناد مرسل. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ١٨٩ بسنده عن قتادة.\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٣) من طريق عبد الملك به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٦٢): صحيح الإسناد مرسل.\n(^٢) في ز: \"عنبسة\". وينظر أسد الغابة ٤/ ٢٥١، والإصابة ٧/ ٤٢١.\n(^٣) في م: \"عليكم\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٢٧٥٥). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٩٣).","vol":"13","page":255},{"text":"الحَربِ، وأعطَى عامَ خَيبَرَ نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِه مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ، أهلَ حاجَةٍ وفَضْلٍ، وأكثَرُهُم أهلُ فاقَةٍ، نَرَى ذَلِكَ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- كُلَّه مِن سَهمِهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا إعطاؤُه المُؤَلَّفَةَ ففيما:\n\n١٣٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ (^٢) بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، [حدثنا وُهَيبٌ] (^٣)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ قال: لَمّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ على رسولِه يَومَ حُنَينٍ ما أفاءَ قَسَمَ في النّاسِ في المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم، ولَم يَقسِمْ، أو لَم يُعطِ الأنصارَ شَيئًا، فكأنَّه وجَدَ إذ لَم يُصِبْهُم ما أصابَ، أو كأنَّهُم وجَدوا إذ لَم يُصِبْهُم ما أصابَ النّاسَ، فخَطَبَهُم فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ، ألَم أجِدْكُم ضُلَّالًا فهَداكُمُ اللَّهُ بى؟ وكُنتُم مُتَفَرِّقينَ فألَّفَكُمُ اللَّهُ بى؟ وعالَة فأغناكُمُ اللَّهُ بى؟ \". قال: كُلَّما قال شَيئًا قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أمَنُ. قال: \"ما يَمنَعُكُم أن تُجيبوا؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أمَنُ. قال: \"لَو شِئتُّم قُلتُم: جِئتَنا كَذا وكَذا. ألَا تَرضَونَ أن يَذهَبَ النّاس بالشّاةِ والبَعيرِ وتَذهَبونَ برسولِ اللَّهِ إلَى رِحالِكُم؟! لَولا الهِجرَةُ لكنتُ امرأً مِنَ الأنصارِ، ولَو سلَكَ النّاسُ واديًا أو شِعبًا لَسَلكتُ وادِى الأنصارِ وشِعبَها، الأنصارُ شِعارٌ والنّاسُ دِثارٌ (^٤)، إنَّكُم سَتَلقَونَ بَعدِى أثَرَة فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِى على الحَوضِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠٠٢)، وهو في الأم ٤/ ١٤٧.\n(^٢) في س، ز: \"أحمد\".\n(^٣) سقط من: م، وفى س، ز: \"ثنا وهب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) الشعار: الثوب الذى يلى الجسد، والدثار فوقه. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٣١١.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٧٠) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"13","page":256},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرِو ابنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٣٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبَرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن [ابنِ أبى نُعمٍ] (^٢)، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: بَعَثَ عليٌّ -﵁- وهو باليَمَنِ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بذُهَيبَةٍ في تُربَتِها، فقَسَمَها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بَينَ زَيدٍ الطّائىِّ ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَنِى نَبهانَ وبَينَ الأقرَعِ بنِ حابِسٍ الحَنظَلِىِّ ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَنِى مُجاشِعٍ وبَينَ عُيَينَةَ بنِ حِصنٍ وبَينَ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ عُلاثَةَ العامِرِيَّ ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَنِى كِلابٍ، فغَضبَت قُرَيشٌ وقالَت: يُعطِى صَناديدَ أهلِ نَجدٍ ويَدَعُنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّما أتألَّفُهُم\". فجاءَ رَجُلٌ غائرُ العَينَينِ ناتِئُ الجَبينِ مُشْرِفُ (^٣) الوَجنَتَينِ كَثُّ اللِّحيَةِ مَحلوقٌ، فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يا محمدُ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"فمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ إذا عَصَيتُه؟! أيأمَنُنِى على أهلِ الأرضِ ولا تأمنونِى؟! \". فسألَ رَجُلٌ [مِنَ القَومِ] (^٤) قَتْلَه -قال: أُراه خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ- فمَنَعَه، فلَمّا ولَّى الرَّجُلُ قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِن ضِئضِئ هذا قَومًا (^٥) يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يُجاوِزُ حَناجِرَهُم، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الإسلامِ كما\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٣٣٠، ٧٢٤٥)، ومسلم (١٠٦١).\n(^٢) في س: \"نعيم\". وفى ز: \"أبى نعيم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٤٥٦.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥١٣: \"مشرب\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: مشرف\". وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٦٧٧٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٥) ضئضئ هذا: أصله ومعدنه، أو نسله. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٥.","vol":"13","page":257},{"text":"يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّةِ، يَقتُلونَ أهلَ الإسلامِ ويَدَعونَ أهلَ الأوثانِ، لَئن لَقِيتُهُم لأقتُلَنَّهُم كَلَ عاد\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الزَزّاقِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ والِدِ الثَّورِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٧٨ - وأمّا النَّفَلُ ففيما أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ [وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ] (^٣) بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَريَّةً إلَى نَجدٍ، فخَرَجتُ فيها فأصَبنا إبِلًا وغَنَمًا، فبَلَغَت سُهمانُنا اثنَى عَشَرَ بَعيرًا، ونَفَّلَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعيرًا بَعيرًا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ كما مَضَى (^٥).\n\n١٣٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٧٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٦٤٨)، والنسائي (٤١١٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٦٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٤٣٢)، ومسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٤٣).\n(^٣) في ز: \"وعبد الرحمن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٦.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٦٣) عن عبد الرحيم وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (٥١٨٠)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٥) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٧/ ١٧٤٩)، والبخارى (٣١٣٤)، وتقدم في (١٢٩٢٢).","vol":"13","page":258},{"text":"زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الحُرِّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يُنَفِّلُ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ -يَعنِى الآَيَةَ- في المَغنَمِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَت تَرَكَ النَّفَلَ الَّذِى كان يُنَفِّلُ، فصارَ ذَلِكَ في خُمُسِ الخُمُسِ، وهو سَهمُ اللَّهِ ﷿ وسَهمُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب أنَّه قال: كان النّاسُ يُعطَونَ النَّفَلَ مِنَ الخُمُسِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان مَعَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى بكرَةَ في غَزاةٍ غَزاها فأصابوا سَبيًا، فأرادَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرَةَ أن يُعطِى أنَسًا مِنَ السَّبي قبلَ أن يُقسَمَ، فقالَ أنَسٌ: لا ولَكِنِ اقسِمْ ثُمَّ أعطِنِى مِنَ الخُمُسِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\nوأمّا إعطاؤُه يَومَ خَيبَرَ ففيما:\n\n١٣٠٨١ - أخبَرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِىُّ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٩٤١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٩٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٨٧٦٢) من طريق الحسن بن الربيع به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٤٢ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٣١٢) عن معمر به.","vol":"13","page":259},{"text":"زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: لما افتُتِحَت خَيبَرُ سألَت يَهودُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقِرَّهُم على أن يَعمَلوا على النِّصفِ مِمّا خَرَجَ مِنها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُقِرُكُم فيها على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\". فكانوا على ذَلِكَ، وكانَ الثمَرُ يُقسَمُ على السُّهمانِ مِن نِصفِ خَيبَرَ ويأخُذُ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الخُمُسَ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أَطْعَمَ (^١) كُلَّ امرأةٍ مِن أزواجِه مِنَ الخُمُسِ مِائَةَ وسْقٍ تَمرًا وعِشرينَ وسْقًا شَعيرًا، فلَمّا أرادَ عُمَرُ إخراجَ اليَهودِ أرسَلَ إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ لَهُنَّ: مَن أحَبَّ مِنكُنَ أن أقسِمَ لَهُنَ (^٢) نَخلًا بخَرصِها مِائَةَ وسْقٍ، فيَكونَ لَها أصلُها وأرضُها وماؤُها، ومِنَ الزَّرعِ مَزرَعَةَ خَرصِ عِشرينَ وسْقًا فعَلنا، ومَن أحَبَّ أن نَعزِلَ الَّذِى لَها في الخُمُسِ كما هو فعَلنا (^٣).\n\n١٣٠٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن ابنٍ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، عَمَّن أدرَكَ مِن أهلِه، وعن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، فذَكَرا قِسمَةَ خَيبَرَ قالا: ثُمَّ قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خُمُسَه بَينَ أهلِ قَرابَتِه وبَينَ نِسائه وبَينَ رِجالٍ ونِساءٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ أعطاهُم مِنها، فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لابنَتِه فاطِمَةَ ﵍ مِائَتَى وسْقٍ، ولِعَلِىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- مِائَةَ وسْقٍ، ولأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ مِائَتَى وسْقٍ مِنها خَمسونَ وسقًا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يطعم\".\n(^٢) في م، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥١٤: \"لها\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٠٨). وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٧٣٥).","vol":"13","page":260},{"text":"نَوًى، ولِعيسَى بنِ نُقيمٍ (^١) مِائَتَى وسْقٍ، ولأبِى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- مِائَتَى وسْقٍ، فذَكَرا جَماعَةً مِنَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ قَسَمَ لَهُم مِنها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2844>بابُ سَهمِ ذِى القُربَى مِنَ الخُمُسِ</span>\n\n١٣٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ أنَه قال: مَشَيتُ أنا وعُثمانُ ابنُ عَفّانَ -﵁- إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ أعطَيتَ بَنِى المُطلِبِ وتَرَكتَنا، وإِنَّما نَحنُ وهُم بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما بَنو المُطَّلِبِ وبَنو هاشِم شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وابنِ يوسُفَ (^٤).\nقال البخارىُّ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ: حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، وزادَ قال: ولَم يَقسِمِ النَبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِبَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ ولا لِبَنِى نَوفَلٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٠٨٤ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ضبب عليه في الأصل، وهو عيسى بن لقيم العبسى. ينظر الإصابة ٧/ ٥٨٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٤١)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٩، ٢٩٨٠)، والنسائي (٤١٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٨١) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣١٤٠، ٣٥٠٢).\n(^٥) البخارى (عقب ٣١٤٠).","vol":"13","page":261},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه جاءَ هو وعُثمانُ ابنُ عَفّانَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- يُكَلِّمانِه (^١) لَمَّا قَسَمَ فيءَ خَيبَرَ بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطلِبِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَسَمتَ لإِخوانِنا بَنِى المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ ولَم تُعطِنا شَيئًا، وقَرابَتُنا مِثلُ قَرابَتِهِم. فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما هاشِمٌ والمُطَّلِبُ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\". وقالَ جُبَيرُ بنُ مُطعِمٍ: لَم يَقسِمْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِبَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ ولا لِبَنِى نَوفَلٍ مِن ذَلِكَ الخُمُسِ شَيئًا كما قَسَمَ لِبَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنى المُطَّلِبِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الكِتابِ عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\nقال البخاريُّ: وقالَ ابنُ إسحاقَ: عن الزهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن (^٥) جُبَيرٍ.\n\n١٣٠٨٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: لما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَهمَ ذِى القُربَى مِن خَيبَرَ على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطلِبِ، مَشَيتُ أنا وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفانَ -﵁- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هَؤُلاءِ إخوَتُكَ (^٦) بَنو هاشِمٍ لا نُنكِرُ فضلَهُم لِمَكانِكَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يسألنه\".\n(^٢) ذكره البخارى عقب (٣١٤٠). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٨٩٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٢٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٨٢)، وأبو داود (٢٩٧٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٥) في س، ز، ص ٦، م: \"بن\".\n(^٦) في م: \"إخوانك\".","vol":"13","page":262},{"text":"الَّذِى جَعَلَكَ اللَّهُ به مِنهُم، أرأيتَ إخوانَنا مِن بَنِى المُطَّلِبِ أعطَيتَهُم وتَرَكتَنا وإِنَّما نَحنُ وهُم مِنكَ بمَنزِلَةٍ واحِدَةٍ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّهُم لَم يُفارِقونا في جاهِليَّة ولا إسلامٍ، إنَّما بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَنو المُطلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\". ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَيه إحداهُما في الأُخرَى (^١).\n\n١٣٠٨٦ - [وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: لما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَهمَ ذِى القُربَى بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ أتَيتُه أنا وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفانَ -﵁-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ إسحاقَ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"لَم يُفارِقونا في جاهِليَّة ولا إسلامٍ\". وقالَ: \"إنَّما بَنو هاشِيم وبَنو المُطَّلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ هَكَذا\". وشَبَّكَ بَينَ أصابِعِه (^٣). ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ حَديثَ يونُسَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن جُبَيرٍ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِمُطَرِّفِ بنِ مازِنٍ، فقالَ: حَدَّثَناه مَعمَرٌ كما وصَفتُ. فلَعَلَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ رَواه عَنهُما مَعًا] (^٢) (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٤١)، وأبو داود (٢٩٨٠)، والنسائي (٤١٤٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وسيأتى في (١٣٢٠٦). وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٢/ ٤٠٩، وتغليق التعليق ٣/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٦. وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"ليس في أصل المؤلف\"، وأثبته في حاشية ز وكتب قبله: \"في نسخة وليس في الأصلين، وإثباته هو الصواب\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٨٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٤٦. وأخرجه البغوى في شرح السنة (٢٧٣٥) من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٤٦.","vol":"13","page":263},{"text":"[قال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ] (^١):\n\n١٣٠٨٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ مُجَمِّعٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: مَشَيتُ أنا وفُلانٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أعطَيتَ بَنِى المُطَّلِبِ وتَرَكتَنا، وإِنَما نَحنُ وهُم إلَيكَ بمَنزِلٍ واحِدٍ. فقالَ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما بَنو هاشمٍ وبَنو المُطَّلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\" (^٢). إبراهيمُ ابنُ إسماعيلَ ومُطَرفُ بنُ مازِنٍ ضَعيفانِ (^٣)، وفِى رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن جُبَيرٍ كِفايَة.\n\n١٣٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحبوبِ ابنِ فُضَيلٍ التّاجِرُ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٦، ز.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معجم الصحابة ١/ ٤٣٢ (١٤٥٧) من طريق يونس بن بكير به.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عن مطرف بن مازن عقب (٦٧٦)، وإبراهيم بن إسماعيل عقب (١٢١٥١).","vol":"13","page":264},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أن حُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ أخبَرَه أن عَليًّا -﵁- قال: كانَت لِى شارِفٌ (^١) مِن نَصيبِى مِنَ المَغنَمِ يَومَ بَدرٍ وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أعطانِى شارِفًا مِنَ الخُمُسِ يَومَئذٍ، فلَمّا أرَدتُ أن أبنِى بفاطِمَةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- واعَدتُ رَجُلًا صَوّاغًا مِن قَينُقاعَ (^٢) أن يَرتَحِلَ مَعِى فنأتِيَ بإِذخِرٍ أرَدتُ أن أبيعَه مِنَ الصَّوّاغينَ فنَستَعينَ به في وليمَةِ عُرسِى، فبَينما (^٣) أنا أجمَعُ لِشارِفَيَّ مَتاعًا مِنَ الأقتابِ (^٤) والغَرائرِ (^٥) والحَبائلِ وشارِفاى مُناخَتانِ إلَى جَنبِ حُجرَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، رَجَعتُ حينَ جَمَعتُ ما جَمَعتُ فإِذا شارِفاى قَدِ اجتُبَّت (^٦) أسنِمَتُهُما، وبُقِرَت خَواصِرُهُما، وأُخِذَ مِن أكبادِهِما، فلَم أملِكْ عَينَيَّ حينَ رأيتُ ذَلِكَ المَنظَرَ مِنهُما، فقُلتُ: مَن فعَلَ هَذا؟ فقالوا: فعَلَه حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، وهو في هذا البَيتِ في شَرْبٍ (^٧) مِنَ الأنصارِ غَنَته قَينَةٌ وأصحابَه، فقالَت في غِنائها:\n* ألا يا حَمزَ لِلشُّرُفِ النِّواءِ (^٨) *\n_________\n(^١) الشارف: المسن من النوق. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) في م، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥١٦: \"بنى قينقاع\".\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٦، م: \"فبينا\".\n(^٤) الأقتاب: جمع قَتَب، ما يكون فوق ما يوطأ به على ظهر البعير للأعمال. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٧.\n(^٥) الغرائر: جمع الغرارة، وهى الجوالق. ينظر اللسان ٥/ ١١ (غ ر ر).\n(^٦) اجتبت أسنمتها: أى قطعت قطع استئصال. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٧.\n(^٧) الشرب: الجماعة يشربون الخمر. النهاية ٢/ ٤٥٥.\n(^٨) بعده في ص ٦، م: \"وهن معقلات بالفناء\"، وهو الشطر الثانى للبيت. والنواء: السمان. النهاية ٥/ ١٣٢.","vol":"13","page":265},{"text":"فقامَ حَمزَةُ إلَى السَّيفِ فاجتَبَّ أسنِمَتَهُما وبَقَرَ خَواصِرَهُما وأخَذَ مِن أكبادِهِما. قال: قال عليٌّ: فانطَلَقتُ حَتَّى أدخُلُ على رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- وعِندَه زَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ، فعَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في وجهِى الَّذِى لَقِيتُ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ماذا؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما رأيتُ كاليَومِ قَطُّ؛ عَدا حَمزَةُ على ناقَتَىَّ واجتَبَّ أسنِمَتَهُما وبَقَرَ خَواصِرَهُما، وها هو ذا مَعَه شَرْبٌ، فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- برِدائه فارتَدَى ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ يَمشِى، واتَبَعتُه أنا وزَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ حَتَّى جاءَ البَيتَ الَّذِى فيه حَمزَةُ، فاستأذَنَ فأذِنوا له فإِذا هُم شَرْبٌ، فطَفِقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَلومُ حَمزَةَ فيما فعَلَ وإِذا حَمزَةُ ثَمِلٌ مُحمَزَة عَيناه، فنَظَرَ حَمزَةُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ صَعَّدَ النَّظَرَ فنَظَرَ إلَى رُكبَتِه، ثُمَّ صَعَّدَ النَّظَرَ فنَظَرَ إلَى سُرَّتِه، ثُمَّ صَعَّدَ النَّظَرَ فنَظَرَ إلَى وجهِه، ثُمَّ قال حَمزَةُ: وهَل أنتُم إلَّا عَبيدٌ لأبِى؟ فعَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه ثَمِلٌ، فنَكَصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على عَقِبَيه القَهقَرَى فخَرَجَ وخَرَجنا مَعَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ قُهزاذَ عن عبدانَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ سوَيدِ بنِ مَنجُوفٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَليًّا -﵁- إلَى خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ -﵁- ليَقبِضَ الخُمُسَ، فأخَذَ مِنه\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٧٤. وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٩٧٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٠٣)، ومسلم (١٩٧٩/ ٢).","vol":"13","page":266},{"text":"جاريَةً فأصبَحَ ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، قال خالِدٌ لِبُرَيدَةَ: ألَا تَرَى ما يَصنَعُ هذا؟ قال: وكُنتُ أُبغِضُ عَليًّا -﵁-. فذَكَرتُ ذلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يا بُرَيدَةُ أتُبغِضُ عَليًّا؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فأحِبَّه، فإِنّ له في الخُمُسِ أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بندارٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\nهذا ما بَلَغَنا عن سَيِّدَنا المُصطَفَى -ﷺ- في سَهمِ ذِى القُربَى، فأمّا الإمامانِ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- فقَدِ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّواياتُ عَنهُما في ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٣٠٩٠ - ففيما أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أخبرَنِى جُبَيرُ بنُ مُطعِمٍ أنَّه جاءَ هو وعُثمانُ ابنُ عَفّانَ -﵄- يُكَلِّمانِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيما قَسَمَ مِنَ الخُمُسِ بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ قَسَمتَ لإِخوانِنا بَنِى المُطَّلِبِ ولَم تُعطِنا شَيئًا وقَرابَتُنا وقَرابَتُهُم واحِدَةٌ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَنو المُطّلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\". قال جُبَيرٌ: ولَم يَقسِمْ لِبَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ ولا لِبَنِى نَوفَلٍ مِن ذَلِكَ الخُمُسِ كما قَسَمَ لِبَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ. قال: وكانَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- يَقسِمُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٣٦) عن روح به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣٥٠).","vol":"13","page":267},{"text":"الخُمُسَ نَحوَ قَسمِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-، غَيرَ أنَه لَم يَكُنْ يُعطِى قُربَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يُعطيهم. قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يُعطيهُم منه وعُثمانُ -﵁- بَعدَه (^١).\n\n١٣٠٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ قال: اختَلَفَ النّاسُ في هَذَينِ السَّهمَينِ بعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-؛ فقالَ قائلونَ: سَهمُ ذِى القُربَى لِقَرابَةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وقالَ قائلونَ: لِقَرابَةِ الخَليفَةِ. وقالَ قائلونَ: سَهمُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- لِلخَليفَةِ مِن بَعدِه. فاجتَمَعَ رأيُهُم على أن يَجعَلوا هَذَينِ السَّهمَينِ في الخَيلِ والعُدَّةِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، فكانا على ذَلِكَ في خِلافَةِ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: قُلتُ لأبِى جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٦٨) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٨٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٨. وأخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٦٣): صحيح الإسناد مرسل.","vol":"13","page":268},{"text":"إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: سألتُ أبا جَعفَرٍ يَعنِى الباقِرَ: كَيفَ صَنَعَ علىٌّ -﵁- في سَهمِ ذِى القُربَى؟ قال: سَلَكَ به طَريقَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄-. قال: قُلتُ: وكَيفَ وأنتُم تَقولونَ ما تَقولونَ؟ قال: أما واللَّهِ ما كانوا يَصدُرونَ إلَّا عن رأيِه، ولَكِنَّه كَرِهَ أن يَتَعَلَّقَ عَلَيه خِلافُ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄-. وفِى رِوايَةِ أحمدَ ابنِ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىِّ قال: أما واللَّهِ ما كان أهلُ بَيتِه يَصدُرونَ إلَّا عن رأيِه، ولَكِن كان يَكرَهُ أن يُدَّعَى عَلَيه خِلافُ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ. وقَد ضَعَّفَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ هذه الرِّوايَةَ بأن عَليًّا -﵁- قَد رأى غَيرَ رأي أبى بكرٍ -﵁- في أن لَم يَجعَلْ لِلعَبيدِ في القِسمَةِ شَيئًا، ورأى غَيرَ رأي عُمَرَ -﵁- في التَّسويَةِ بَينَ النّاسِ وفِى بَيعِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ، وخالَفَ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- في الجَدِّ، وقَولُه: سَلَكَ به طَريقَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ. جُملَةٌ تَحتَمِلُ مَعانٍ (^٢). قال: وقَد أُخبِرنا عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه، أن حَسَنًا وحُسَينًا وابنَ عباسٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ -﵃- سألوا عَليًّا -﵁- نَصيبَهُم مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فقالَ: هو لَكُم حَقٌّ ولَكِنِّى مُحارِبٌ مُعاويَةَ، فإِن شِئتُم تَرَكتُم حَقَّكُم مِنه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فأخبَرتُ بهَذا الحديثِ عبدَ العَزيزِ بنَ محمدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٢٤٩)، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٨٤٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٣٤ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وصحتها: \"معانى\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٤٧.","vol":"13","page":269},{"text":"فقالَ: صَدَقَ. هَكَذا كان جَعفَر يُحَدَّثهُ، فما حَدَّثَكَه عن أبيه عن جَدِّه؟! قُلتُ: لا. قال: ما أحسِبُه إلا عن جَدِّه. قال: وجَعفَر أوثَقُ وأعرَفُ بحَديثِ أبيه مِنَ ابنِ إسحاقَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ومُحُمَّدُ بنُ عليٍّ عن أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵃- مُرسَلٌ، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ مُرسَلَة، وأمّا رِوايَةُ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ فلَم أعلَمْ بَعدُ أن الَّذِى (^٢) فِي آخِرِها مِن قَولِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ فيَكونَ مَوصولًا، أو مِن قَولِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أوِ الزُّهرِيِّ فيَكونَ مُرسَلًا.\nوقال الشيخُ: قَد رَوَى محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن اللَّيثِ ابنِ سَعدٍ، عن يونُسَ، فمَيَّزَ فِعلَ أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄-، فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ فهو إذًا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوِى عن أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵃- مِثلُ قَولِنا:\n\n١٣٠٩٣ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: ولَّانِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خُمُسَ الخُمُسِ، فوَضَعتُه مَواضِعَه حَياةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وحَياةَ أبى بكرٍ وحَياةَ عُمَرَ -﵄-. زادَ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ في حَديثِه:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٤٧، ١٤٨.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"جعل\".","vol":"13","page":270},{"text":"فأتِيَ بمالٍ فدَعانِى فقالَ: خُذْه. فقُلتُ: لا أُريدُه. قال: خُذْه فأنتُم أحَقُّ بهِ. قُلتُ: قَدِ استَغنَينا عنه. فجَعَلَه في بَيتِ المالِ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٩٤ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ ابنُ محمدٍ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ بَريدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: اجتَمَعتُ أنا والعباسُ وفاطِمَةُ وزَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ -﵃- عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فسألَ العباسُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كَبِرَ سِنِّى ورَقَّ عَظمِى ورَكِبَتنِى مُؤنَةٌ، فإِن رأيتَ أن تأمُرَ لِى بكَذا وكَذا وَسْقًا مِن طَعامٍ فافعَلْ. قال: ففَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قالَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أنا مِنكَ بالمَنزِلِ الَّذِى قَد عَلِمتَ، فإِن رأيتَ أن تأمُرَ لِى كما أمَرتَ لِعَمِّكَ فافعَلْ. قال: ففعَلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قال زَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كُنتَ أعطَيتَنِى أرضًا أعيشُ فيها ثُمَّ قَبَضتَها مِنِّى، فإِن رأيتَ أن تَرُدَّها عليَّ فافعَلْ. قال: ففعَلَ ذاكَ. قُلتُ أنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إن رأيتَ أن توَلّيَنِى حَقَّنا مِن الخُمُسِ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ فأقسِمَه حَياتَكَ كَيلا يُنازِعَنيه أحَدٌ بَعدَكَ فافعَلْ. قال: فعَلَ (^٢) ذاكَ. ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- التَفَتَ إلَى العباسِ فقالَ: \"يا أبا الفَضلِ ألَاْ تَسألُنِى الَّذِى سألَنيه ابنُ أخيكَ؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ انتَهَت مَسألَتِى إلَى الَّذِى سألتُكَ. قال: فوَلَّانيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٨٣). وضعف إسناده الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣٩).\n(^٢) في ص ٦، م: \"ففعل\".","vol":"13","page":271},{"text":"فقَسَمتُه حَياةَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-، ثُمَّ ولَّانيه أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقَسَمتُه حَياةَ أبى بكرٍ -﵁-، ثُمَّ ولَّانيه عُمَرُ -﵁- فقَسَمتُه حَياةَ عُمَرَ -﵁-، حَتَّى كان آخِرُ سنةٍ مِن سِنِى عُمَرَ -﵁- أتاه مالٌ كَثيرٌ، فعَزَلَ حَقَّنا ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: هذا مالُكُم فخُذْه فاقسِمْه حَيثُ كُنتَ تَقسِمُه. فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ بِنا عنه العامَ غِنًى وبِالمُسلِمينَ إلَيه حاجَةٌ فرُدَّه عَلَيهِم تِلكَ السَّنَةَ. ثُمَّ لَم يَدْعُنا إلَيه أحَدٌ بعدَ عُمَرَ -﵁- حَتَّى قُمتُ مَقامِى هذا، فلَقِيتُ العباسَ -﵁- بعدَما خَرَجتُ مِن عِندِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، فقالَ: يا عليُّ لَقَد حَرَمتَنا الغَداةَ شَيئًا لا يُرَدُّ عَلَينا أبَدًا إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ. وكانَ رَجُلًا داهيًا (^١). قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: رواتُه مِن ثِقاتِ الكوفيّينَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" ببَعضِ مَعناه مُختَصَرًا عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبَرَنا إبراهيمُ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ ورَجُلٍ لَم يُسَمِّه، كِلاهُما عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: لَقِيتُ عَليًّا -﵁- عِندَ أحجارِ الزَّيتِ (^٣)، فقُلتُ له: بأبِى وأُمِّى ما فعَلَ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- في حَقِّكُم أهلَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٠٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٦) من طريق هاشم به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٨٤). وضعف إسناده الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٤٠).\n(^٣) أحجار الزيت: موضع بالمدينة قريب من الزوراء، وهو موضع صلاة الاستسقاء، وقال العمرانى: أحجار الزيت موضع بالمدينة داخلها. معجم البدان ١/ ١٤٤.","vol":"13","page":272},{"text":"البَيتِ مِنَ الخمُسِ؟ فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: أمّا أبو بكرٍ ﵀ فلَم يَكُنْ في زَمانِه أخماسٌ، وما كان فقَد أوفَانَاه، وأمّا عُمَرُ -﵁- فلَم يَزَلْ يُعطيناه حَتَّى جاءَه مالُ السُّوسِ والأهوازِ- أو (^١) قال: الأهوازِ. أو قال: فارِسَ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أنا أشُكُّ- فقالَ في حَديثِ مَطَرٍ أو حَديثِ الآخَرِ: فقالَ: في المُسلِمينَ خَلَّةٌ (^٢) فإِن أحبَبتُم تَرَكتُم حَقَّكُم فجَعَلناه في خَلَّةِ المُسلِمينَ حَتَّى يأتيَنا مالٌ فأوفِّيَكُم حَقَّكُم مِنه. فقالَ العباسُ -﵁- لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁-: لا تُطمِعْه في حَقِّنا. فقُلتُ له: يا أبا الفَضلِ ألَسنا أحَقَّ مَن أجابَ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ورَفَعَ خَلَّةَ المُسلِمينَ؟ فتوُفِّى عُمَرُ -﵁- قبلَ أن يأتيَه مالٌ فيَقضيَناه. وقالَ الحَكَمُ في حَديثِ مَطَرٍ والآخَرِ: إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لَكُم حَقٌّ، ولا يَبلُغُ عِلمِى إذ (^٣) كَثُرَ أن يَكونَ لَكُم كُلُّه، فإِن شِئتُم أعطَيتُكُم مِنه بقَدرِ ما أرَى لَكُم. فأبَينا عَلَيه إلَّا كُلَّه، فأبَى أن يُعطيَنا كُلَّه (^٤). قال الشّافِعِيُّ فيما لَم أسمَعْه مِن أبى زَكَريّا: وقَد رَوَى الزُّهرِىُّ عَن (^٥) ابنِ هُرمُزَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁قَريبًا مِن هذا المَعنَى (^٦). وذَكَرَه في القَديمِ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"و\".\n(^٢) الخلة: بالفتح، الحاجة والفقر. النهاية ٢/ ٧٢.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"إذا\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٩٩٩)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٤٨.\n(^٥) ليس في: م.\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ١٨٤.\n(^٧) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠٠٠).","vol":"13","page":273},{"text":"١٣٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علق الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ هُرمُزَ، أن نَجدَةَ الحَرورِيِّ حينَ حَجَّ في فِتنَةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أرسَلَ إلَى ابنِ عبابر يَسألُه عن سَهمِ ذِى القُربَى، ويَقولُ: لِمَن تَراه؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: لِقُربَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-، قَسَمَه لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وقَد كان عُمَرُ -﵁- عَرَضَ عَلَينا مِن ذَلِكَ عَرضًا رأيناه دونَ حَقِّنا، فرَدَدناه عَلَيه وأبَينا أن نَقبَلَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٣٠٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ الزّاهِدُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ أبى جَعفَرٍ أحسِبُه قال: والزُّهرِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ يَعنِى ابنَ هُرمُزَ قال: كَتَبَ نَجدَةُ يَعنِى الحَرورِيَّ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- يَسألُه عن سَهمِ ذَوِى القُربَى لِمَن هوَ؟ قال: كَتَبتَ إلَيَّ تَسألُنِى عن سَهمِ ذَوِى القُربَى لِمَن هوَ؟ فهو لَنا، وقَد كان عُمَرُ -﵁- دَعانا إلَى أن يُنكِحَ مِنه أيِّمَنا، ويُخدِمَ مِنه عائلَنا، ويَقضِى مِنه عن غارِمِنا، فأبَينا إلا أن يُسَلِّمَه إلَينا، وأبَى أن يَفعَلَ فتَرَكناه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٩٤١)، والنسائي (٤١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٢٤) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٤٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٥٤).","vol":"13","page":274},{"text":"١٣٠٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ قال: كَتَبَ نَجدَةُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسألُه عن ذِى القُربَى: مَن هُم؟ وسألَه عن العَبدِ والمَرأةِ يَحضُرانِ المَغنَمَ: هَل لَهُما مِنَ المَغنَمِ شَيءٌ؟ وكَتَبَ يَسألُه عن قَتْلِ الوِلدانِ؟ فقالَ: اكتُبْ يا يَزيدُ، لَولا أن يَقَعَ في أُحموقَةٍ (^١) ما كَتَبتُ إلَيه: سألتَ عن ذِى القُربَى مَن هُم؟ فزَعَمنا أنّا نَحنُ هُم، فأبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَينا قَومُنا، وكَتَبتَ تَسألُ عن العَبدِ والمَرأةِ يَحضُرانِ المَغنَمَ، لَيسَ لَهُما شَيءٌ إلَّا أن يُحذَيا، وكَتَبتَ تَسألُ عن الوِلدانِ، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَقتُلْهُم، وأنتَ لا تَقتُلْهُم إلَّا أن تَعلَمَ مِنهُم ما عَلِمَ صاحِبُ موسَى مِنَ الغُلامِ، وسألتَ عن اليَتيمِ مَتَى يَنقَضِى يُتمُهُ؟ ويَنقَضِى يُتمُه إذا أُونِسَ مِنه الرُّشدُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ عَنَى بقَولِه: فأبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَينا قَومُنا. غَيرَ أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؛ يَزيدَ بنَ مُعاويَةَ وأهلَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأحموقة: من الحمق، وهو وضع الشئ في غير موضعه مع العلم بقبحه. النهاية ١/ ٤٤٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٦٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٩).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٥٢.","vol":"13","page":275},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2845>جِماعُ أبوابِ تَفريقِ ما أُخِذَ مِن أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الفَئِ غَيِر الموجَفِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2846>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَصرَفِ أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الفَئِ</span>\n\n١٣٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ (^١)، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ ومَعمَر، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ مالكَ بنَ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ أموالَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ كانَت مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه مِمّا لَم يوجِفِ المُسلِمونَ عَلَيه بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ، فكانَت لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- خالِصًا، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُنفِقُ على أهلِه مِنه نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، وما بَقِى جَعَلَه في الكُراعِ والسِّلاحِ عُدَّةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشافِعِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"ميسرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٢) الحميدى (٢٢). وتقدم في (١٢٨٥٠، ١٢٨٥٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٠٤، ٤٨٨٥)، ومسلم (١٧٥٧/ ٤٨).","vol":"13","page":276},{"text":"عُيَينَة يُحَدِّث عن الزُّهرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، زادَ: ثُمَّ توُفِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فوَلِيَها أبو بكرٍ الصدّيقُ -﵁- بمِثلِ ما ولِيَها به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ ولِيتُها بمِثلِ ما ولِيَها به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁-. قال الشافِعِيُّ: فقالَ لِى سفيانُ: لَم أسمَعْه مِنِ الزُّهرِىِّ، ولَكِن أخبَرَنيه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن الزّهرِىِّ (^١).\nوسائرُ الأحاديثِ فيه قَد مَضَت في الجُزءِ الأوَّلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2847>بابُ ما جاءَ في قِسمَةِ ذَلِكَ على قَدرِ الكِفايَةِ</span>\n\n١٣١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ ابنِ إبراهيمَ الأسَدِيُّ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ دِيزِيلَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا جاءَه فئٌ قَسَمَه مِن يَومِه، فأعطَى الآهِلَ (^٣) حَظَّينِ وأعطَى العَزَبَ حَظًّا (^٤).\n\n١٣١٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٥٠).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم (١٢٨٥٠ - ١٢٨٧٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"ذا الأهل\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨١١)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٤٠، ١٤١. وأخرجه البزار (٢٧٤٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٨٧٩)، والطبرانى ١٨/ ٤٥ (٨٠)، والأصبهانى في مجلس إملاء في رؤية الله (٣٦٥) من طريق أبى اليمان به.","vol":"13","page":277},{"text":"فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه غَيرَ أنَّه قال: وأعطَى الأعزَبَ حَظًّا. زادَ: فدُعينا وكُنتُ أُدعَى قبلَ عَمّارٍ، فدُعيتُ فأعطانِي حَظَّينِ وكانَ لِي أهلٌ، ثُمَّ دُعِى بَعدِى عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ فأُعطى حَظًّا واحِدًا (^١).\n\n١٣١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ [بنِ محمدِ] (^٢) بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، أن يَزيدَ بنَ أبى حَبيبٍ حَدَّثَه أن أبا الخَيرِ حَدَّثَه أن عبدَ العَزيزِ بنَ مَروانَ قال لِكُرَيبِ ابنِ أبرَهَةَ: أحَضَرتَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- بالجابيَةِ؟ قال: لا. قال: فمَن يُحَدِّثُنا عَنها؟ قال كُرَيبٌ: إن بَعَثتَ إلَى سُفيانَ بنِ وهبٍ الخَولانِيِّ حَدَّثكَ عَنها. فأرسَلَ إلَيه (^٣)، فقالَ: حَدِّثنى عن خُطبَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-[يَومَ الجابيَةِ] (^٤). قال سفيانُ: إنَه لَمّا اجتَمَعَ الفَيْءُ أرسَلَ أُمَراءُ الأجنادِ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أن يَقدَمَ بنَفسِه، فقَدِمَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَ هذا المالَ نَقسِمُه على مَن أفاءَ اللهُ عَلَيه بالعَدلِ، إلَّا هَذَينِ الحَيَّينِ مِن لَخمٍ وجُذامٍ فلا حَقَّ لَهُم فيه. فقامَ إلَيه أبو حُدَيرَةَ الأجذَمِيُّ فقالَ: نُنشِدُكَ (^٥) اللَّهَ يا عُمَرُ في العَدلِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: العَدلَ [أُريدُ، أنا] (^٦) أجعَلُ أقوامًا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٨٦) عن أبى المغيرة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٦٠).\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) في س: \"إليها\".\n(^٤) في س: \"بالجابية\".\n(^٥) في س: \"أنشدك\".\n(^٦) في س: \"تريد أن\".","vol":"13","page":278},{"text":"أنفَقوا في الظَّهْرِ وشَدُّوا الغَرْضَ (^١) وساحوا في البِلادِ مِثلَ قَومٍ مُقيمينَ في بلادِهِم؟ ولَوأن الهِجرَةَ كانَت بصَنعاءَ أو بعَدَنَ ما هاجَرَ إلَيها مِن لَخمٍ ولا جُذامٍ أحَدٌ. فقامَ أبو حُدَيرَةَ فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ وضَعَنا مِن بلادِه حَيثُ شاءَ وساقَ إلَينا الهِجرَةَ في بلادِنا فقَبِلناها ونَصرناها، أفَذَلِكَ يَقطَعُ حَقَّنا يا عُمَرُ؟ ثُمَّ قال: لَكُم حَقُّكُم مَعَ المُسلِمينَ. ثُمَّ قَسَمَ فكانَ لِلرَّجُلِ نِصفُ دينارٍ، فإِذا كانَت مَعَه امرأتُه أعطاه دينارًا. ثُمَّ دَعا ابنَ قاطورا صاحِبَ الأرضِ فقالَ: أخبِرنِى ما يَكفِى الرَّجُلَ مِنَ القُوتِ في الشَّهرِ واليَومِ؟ فأتَى بالمُدْي والقِسطِ (^٢)، فقالَ: يَكفيه هذا المُدْيانِ في الشَّهرِ وقِسْطُ زَيتٍ وقِسطُ خَلٍّ. فأمَرَ عُمَرُ -﵁- بمُديَينِ مِن قَمحٍ فطُحِنا ثُمَّ عُجِنا ثُمَّ خُبِزا ثُمَّ أدَمَهُما بقِسطَينِ زَيتًا، ثُمَّ أجلَسَ عَلَيهِما ثَلاثينَ رَجُلًا فكانَ كَفافَ شِبَعِهِم، ثُمَّ أخَذَ عُمَرُ المُدى بيَمينِه والقِسْطَ بيَسارِه، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهمَّ لا أُحِل لأحَدٍ أن يَنقُصَهُما بَعدِى، اللَّهمَّ فمَن نَقَصَهُما فانقُصْ مِن عُمُرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محَمَّدُ بنُ بكر، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الظهر: الركاب التى تحمل الأثقال في السفر على ظهورها. والغرض: الحزام الذى يشد على بطن الناقة. النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٢) المدى: مكيال لأهل الشام يسع خمسة عشر مكوكا، والمكوك صاع ونصف. وهو يعادل تقريبا ٦٨.٧٣٧ ليترا، والقسط: مكيال، وهو نصف صاع، ويعادل الآن ٥٢٧،١ ليترا. إصلاح غلط المحدثين ص ٦٧، والفائق ١/ ١٤٦، وتفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٧٢، والنهاية ٤/ ٣٥٠، واللسان ٧/ ٣٧٧ (ق س ط). وينظر بحث المكاييل الشرعية ص ٢٢٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ١٦٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"13","page":279},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يَومًا الفَئَ، فقالَ: ما أنا بأحَق بهَذا الفَئِ مِنكُم، وما أحَدٌ مِنّا بأحَق به مِن أحَدٍ، إلا أنا على مَنازِلِنا مِن كِتابِ اللهِ، وقَسمِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-؛ والرَّجُلُ وقَدَمُه، والرَّجُلُ وبَلاؤُه، والرَّجُلُ وعيالُه، والرَّجُلُ وحاجَتُه (^١).\n\n١٣١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهانِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عمرِو بنِ سلمةَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِيِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: كَم تَرَى الرَّجُلَ يَكفيه مِن عَطائِه؟ قال: قُلتُ: كَذا وكَذا. قال: لَئن بَقِيتُ لأجعَلَنَ عَطاءَ الرَّجُلِ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ؛ ألف لِسِلاحِه، وألفٌ لِنَفَقَتِه، وألفٌ يُخَلِّفُها في أهلِه، وألفٌ لِكَذا. أحسِبُه قال: لِفَرَسِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَسَنٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عياضٍ الأشعَرِىِّ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁كان يَرزُقُ العَبيدَ والإِماءَ والخَيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- كان يَفرِضُ لِلصَّبِىِّ إذا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٩٢) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٥٧): حسن موقوف.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤١٦).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٢٩).","vol":"13","page":280},{"text":"استَهَلَّ (^١).\n\n١٣١٠٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَريكٍ، عن بشرِ بنِ غالِبٍ قال: سألَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵁- عن المَولودِ؟ فقالَ: إذا استَهَلَّ وجَبَ عَطَاؤُه ورِزقُه (^٢).\n\n١٣١٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ -أو قال: ابنُ أبى شُعَيبٍ- عن أُمِّ العَلاءِ، أن أباها انطَلَقَ بها إلَى علىٍّ -﵁-، ففَرَضَ لَها في العَطاءِ وهِى صَغيرَةٌ، وقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: ما الصَّبِيُّ الَّذِى أكَلَ الطَّعامَ وعَضَّ على الكِسرَةِ بأحَقَّ بهَذا العَطاءِ مِنَ المَولودِ الَّذِى يَمَصُّ الثَّدىَ (^٣).\nوهَذِه الآثارُ مَعَ سائرِ ما روِى في هذا المَعنَى مَحمولَة على أنَّه كان يَفرِضُ لِلرَّجُلِ قَدرَ كِفايَتِه وكِفايَةِ أهلِه ووَلَدِه وعَبدِه ودابَّتِه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2848>بابُ مَن قال: لَيسَ لِلمَماليكِ في العَطاءِ حَقٌّ</span>\n\n١٣١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبَرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: ما أحَدٌ إلَّا ولَه في هذا المالِ حَقٌّ أُعطيَه أو مُنِعَه إلَّا ما مَلَكَت أيمانكُم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٣٢).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٣٦).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٣٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٠٩)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٥٥. وسيأتى في (١٣١٣٥).","vol":"13","page":281},{"text":"هذا هو المَعروفُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-.\n\n١٣١١١ - وقَد أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأَصبَهانِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن مَخلَدٍ الغِفارِيِّ، أن ثَلاثَةَ مَملوكينَ شَهِدوا بَدرًا، فكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يُعطى كُل رَجُلٍ مِنهُم كُل سنةٍ ثَلاثَةَ آلافٍ ثَلاثَةَ آلافٍ (^١).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ خَصَّهُم بذَلِكَ لِشَرَفِهِم بشُهودِهِم بَدرًا، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَه كان يُعطيهم بعدَما عَتَقوا (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٣١١٢ - ورَواه ابن المُبارَكِ -عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ بإِسنادِه زادَ فيه: مِن غِفارٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبَرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه. قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: أُراه بعدَما عَتَقوا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2849>بابُ مَن قال: يُقسَمُ لِلحُرِّ والعَبدِ</span>\n\n١٣١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٢٦).\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٢٢: هذا الأشبه.","vol":"13","page":282},{"text":"عن القاسِمِ بنِ عباسٍ (^١)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نِيارٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُتِى بظَبيَةِ (^٢) خَرَزٍ فقَسَمَها لِلحُرَّةِ والأمَةِ (^٣).\nكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ.\n\n١٣١١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِىْ ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عباسِ (^٤) بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ نِيارٍ الأسلَمِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: أتانِى رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- بظَبيَةِ خَرَزٍ، فقَسَمتُها لِلحُرَّةِ والأمَةِ. قالَت: وكانَ أبى يَقسِمُ لِلحُرِّ والعَبدِ.\n\n١٣١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبى مَعشَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: ولِى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- السَّنَةَ الأولَى فقَسَمَ بَينَ النّاسِ بالسَّويَّةِ فأصابَ كُلَّ إنسانٍ عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ السَّنَةَ الثّانيَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٦، ز، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥٢٢: \"عياش\". وضبب عليه في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"عياش بخط الحافظ أبى القاسم مضببًا عليه وأصلح في خ ر عباس\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٣٧٢.\n(^٢) الظبية: جراب صغير عليه شعر، وقيل: هى شبه الخريطة والكيس. النهاية ٣/ ١٥٥.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٥٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٢٩)، وأبو داود (٢٩٥٢) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٥٩).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، ص ٦، ز: \"عياش\".","vol":"13","page":283},{"text":"فأصابَهُم عِشرونَ دِرهَمًا وفَضَلَت عِندَه دُرَيهِماتٌ، فخَطَبَ الناسَ فقالَ: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّه فضَلَ مِن هذا المالِ دُرَيهِماتٌ، ولَكُم خَدَمٌ يُعالِجونَ لَكُم ويَعمَلونَ أعمالَكُم فإِن شِئتُم رَضَخنا لَهُم. فقالوا: افعَلْ. فأعطاهُم خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ (^١).\nفي هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ إن صَحَّت بَيانُ الوَجهِ الَّذِى قَسَمَ لأجلِه لِلعَبيدِ، وأن ذَلِكَ كان رَضخًا بإِذنِ ساداتِهِم، فكأنَّه أعطاه ساداتِهِم، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n١٣١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ على الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ (^٢)، عن داودَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن وُهَيبٍ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- كان في إمارَةِ عثمانَ -﵁على بَيتِ المالِ، فدَخَلَ (^٣) عثمانُ فأبصَرَ وُهَيبًا يُعينُهُم فقالَ: مَن هَذا؟ فقالَ: مَملوكٌ لي. فقالَ: أراه (^٤) يُعينُهُم، افرِضْ له ألفَينِ. قال: ففَرَضَ له ألفًا. أو قال: ألفَينِ (^٥).\n\n١٣١١٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن هارونَ بنِ عَنتَرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا وعُثمانَ -﵄- يَرزُقانِ أرِقَّاءَ النّاسِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٠٤ من طريق أبى معشر به عن عمر مولى غفرة مطولًا. وسيأتى في (١٣١١٩).\n(^٢) في ز: \"معمر\".\n(^٣) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"عليه ص\". وبعده في س: \"على\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"أراهم\".\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٢٨).\n(^٦) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٢٧).","vol":"13","page":284},{"text":"وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونا يُعطيانِ ساداتِهِم كِفاياتِهِم وكِفاياتِ أرِقّائهِمُ الَّذينَ لا يَستَغنونَ عَنهُم، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، وَأَعْطَى مَملوكَ زَيدٍ بالمَعونَةِ التى كانَت مِنه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2850>باب: لَيسَ لِلأعرابِ الَّذينَ هُم أهلُ الصَّدَقَةِ في الفَئِ نَصيب</span>\n\n١٣١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في أعرابِ المُسلِمينَ: \"لَيسَ لَهُم مِنَ الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ شَيءٌ إلَّا أن يُجاهِدوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاق بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ في الحديثِ الطَّويلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2851>بابُ التَّسويَةِ بَيَن النّاسِ في القَسمَةِ</span>\nفي حَديثِ عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ دَليلٌ على أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺسَوَّى بَينَ النّاسِ إلَّا ذا العيالِ فإِنَّه فضَّلَه على مَن لا عيالَ لَه. وقَد ذَكَرناه في حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في كتاب الخراج (١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٧٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦١٢)، والترمذى (١٤٠٨، ١٦١٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٧٣٩) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى في (١٧٨٢٢، ١٨٠٠٧، ١٨٦٦٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢/ ١٧٣١).","vol":"13","page":285},{"text":"في قِسمَةِ الأنفالِ ببَدرٍ قال: فقَسَمَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺبالسَّواءِ (^١).\n\n١٣١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبى مَعشَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: ولِى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقَسَمَ بَينَ النّاسِ بالسَّويَّةِ، فقيلَ لأبِى بكرٍ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ لَو فضَّلتَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارَ؟ فقالَ: أشتَرِى مِنهُم شِرًى؟ فأمّا هذا المَعاشُ فالأُسوَةُ فيه خَيرٌ مِنَ الأثَرَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٢٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يونُسُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ القُرَشِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مَولَى غُفْرَةَ قال: قَسَمَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- أوَّلَ ما قَسَمَ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: فضِّلِ المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينِ وأهلَ السّابِقَةِ. فقالَ: أشتَرِى مِنهُم سابِقَتَهُم؟ فقَسَمَ فسَوَّى.\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: وسَؤَى عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- بَينَ النّاسِ، وهَذا الَّذِى أختارُ، وأسألُ اللهَ التَّوفيقَ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٢١ - وأخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٣٨، ١٢٨٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٠٥ من طريق أبى معشر به عن عمر مولى غفرة. وتقدم في (١٣١١٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٥٥.","vol":"13","page":286},{"text":"ابنُ صبيحٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه سَمِعَه مِنه، أن عليَّ ابنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أتاه مالٌ مِن أصبَهانَ فقَسَمَه بسَبعَةِ أسباعٍ، ففَضَلَ رَغيفٌ فكَسَرَه بسَبعِ كِسَرٍ فوَضَعَ على كُل جُزءٍ كِسرَةً، ثُمَّ أقرَعَ بينَ النّاسِ أيُّهُم يأخُذُ أوَّلَ (^١).\n\n١٣١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَهلٍ الدِّمياطيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّغْشِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ قرَيرٍ (^٢)، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الهاشِمِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أتَت عَليًّا امرأتانِ تَسألَانِه؛ عَرَبيَّةٌ ومَولاةٌ لَها، فأمَرَ لِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما بكُرٍّ (^٣) مِن طَعامٍ وأربَعينَ دِرهَمًا أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا، فأخَذتِ المَولاةُ الَّذِى أُعطيَت وذَهَبَت، وقالَتِ العَرَبيَّةُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ تُعطينِى مِثلَ الَّذِى أعطَيتَ هذه وأنا عَرَبيَّةٌ وهِى مَولًى؟ قال لَها عليٌّ -﵁-: إنِّى نَظَرتُ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿، فلَم أر فيه فضلًا لِوَلَدِ إسماعيلَ على ولِدِ إسحاقَ.\n\n١٣١٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد فضائل الصحابة (٩١٣) - ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ٣٠٠ - من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"موسى بن قرير كذا ضبط ابن ماكولا أباه أو جده بقاف وراءين وقال: شيخ مجهول\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ١٠٨.\n(^٣) الكر: ستون قفيزا، والقفيز ثمانية مكاكيك، والمكوك صاع ونصف. والكر يعادل تقريبًا ٦، ٢١٩٩ ليترا. ينظر المحكم ٦/ ٦٥٤، والصحاح ص ٢٥٠. والمقادير الشرعية ص ٢٩٩.","vol":"13","page":287},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أن مُعاويَةَ لَمّا قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ حاجًّا جاءَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، فقالَ له مُعاويَةُ: حاجَتَكَ يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فقالَ له: حاجَتِى عَطاءُ المُحَرَّرينَ؛ فإِنَى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ جاءَه شَيءٌ لَم يَبدأْ بأوَّلَ مِنهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2852>بابُ التَّفضيلِ على السّابِقَةِ والنَّسَبِ</span>\n\n١٣١٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ يَعنِى الحافظَ النَّيسابورِيَّ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن قَيسٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- فرَضَ لأهلِ بَدرٍ خَمسَةَ آلافٍ وقالَ: لأُفَضلَنَّهُم على مَن سِواهُم (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (١١١٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٧٤) من طريق محمد بن عبد اللَّه ابن عبد الحكم به. وأبو داود (٢٩٥١) من طريق هشام بدون ذكر أسلم. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٥٨). وقوله: لم يبدأ بأول منهم. تفسره الرواية الأخرى عند أبى داود وابن الجارود: بدأ بالمحررين.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٠٥٧، ٣٣٤٠٩) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٠٢٢).","vol":"13","page":288},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ -عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ﵁ قال: كان فرَضَ لِلمُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لابنِ عُمَرَ ثَلاثَةَ آلافٍ وخَمسَمِائَةٍ، فقيلَ له: هو مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ فبِمَ تَنقُصُه مِن أربَعَةِ آلافٍ؟ فقالَ: إنَّما هاجَرَ به أبَواه. يقولُ: لَيسَ كَمَن هاجَرَ بنَفسِهِ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^١).\n\n١٣١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هوَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- فرَضَ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- في ثَلاثَةِ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لأُسامَةَ في ثَلاثَةِ آلافٍ وخَمسِمِائَةٍ، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أجعَلُ حِبَّ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كَحِبِّ نَفسِى؟! (^٢).\n\n١٣١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبَرَنا سعيدُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحارِثَ بنَ يَزيدَ (^٣) الحَضرَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُلَىِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن ناشِرَةَ بنِ سُمَىٍّ اليَزَنِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ يَومَ الجابيَةِ وهو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَنِى خازِنًا لِهَذا المالِ وقاسِمًا له. ثُمَّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٩١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٨/ ٧١ من طريق المصنف به. وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٤٤٧) من طريق محمد بن بكير به،\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، ز: \"سويد\". وكتب في حاشية ز: \"صوابه: يزيد\".","vol":"13","page":289},{"text":"بَلِ اللهُ يَقسِمُه وأنا بادِئٌ بأهلِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ أشرَفِهِم. ففَرَضَ لأزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- إلا جُوَيريَةَ وصَفيَّةَ ومَيمونَةَ ﵅، وقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَعدِلُ بَينَنا. فعَدَلَ بَينَهُنَ عُمَرُ -﵁-. ثُمَّ قال: إنَى بادِئٌ بى وبِأصحابِى المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ؟ فإِنا أُخرِجنا مِن ديارِنا ظُلمًا وعُدوانًا، ثُمَّ أشرَفِهِم. ففَرَضَ لأصحابِ بَدرٍ مِنهُم خَمسَةَ آلافٍ، ولِمَن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لِمَن شَهِدَ الحُدَيبيَةَ ثَلاثَةَ آلافٍ، وقالَ: مَن أسرَعَ في الهِجرَةِ أسرَعَ به العَطاءُ، ومَن أبطأَ في الهِجرَةِ أبطأَ به العَطاءُ، فلا يَلومَنَّ رَجُلٌ إلَّا مُناخَ راحِلَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبَرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ -﵁- مِنَ البحرَينِ. قال: فصَلَّيتُ مَعَه العِشاءَ فلَمّا رآنِي سَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، فقالَ: ما قَدِمتَ بهِ؟ فقُلتُ: قَدِمتُ بخَمسِمِائَةِ ألفٍ. قال: تَدرِى ما تَقولُ؟ قال: فقُلتُ: قَدِمتُ بخَمسِمِائَةِ ألفٍ. قال: إنَّكَ ناعِسٌ، ارجِعْ إلَى بَيتِكَ فنَمْ ثُمَّ اغدُ عليَّ. قال: فغَدَوتُ عَلَيه فقالَ: ما جِئتَ بهِ؟ قُلتُ: خَمسِمِائَةِ ألفٍ. قال: طَيِّبٌ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم لا أعلمُ إلا ذاكَ. قال: فقالَ لِلناسِ: إنَّه قَد قَدِمَ عليَّ مالٌ كَثير، فإِن شِئتُم أن نَعُدَّه لَكُم عَدًّا، وإِن\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٠٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به مطولًا. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٦/ ٣: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"13","page":290},{"text":"شِئتُم أن نَكيلَه لَكُم كَيلًا. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى رأيتُ هَؤُلاءِ الأعاجِمَ يُدَوِّنونَ ديوانًا يُعطونَ النّاسَ عَلَيه. قال: فدَوَّنَ الدَواوينَ وفَرَضَ لِلمُهاجِرينَ في خَمسَةِ آلافٍ خَمسَةِ آلافٍ، ولِلأنصارِ في أربَعَةِ آلافٍ أربَعَةِ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لأزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا (^١).\n\n١٣١٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ ابنُ حُبابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مَعشَرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ مَولَى غُفْرَةَ وغَيرُه قال: لَمّا توُفِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَ مالٌ مِنَ البحرَينِ. قال أبو بكرٍ: مَن كان له على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَيءٌ أو عِدَةٌ، فليَقُمْ فليأخُذْ. فقامَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن جاءَنِى مالٌ مِنَ البحرَينِ لأُعطيَنَّكَ [هَكَذا وهَكَذا] (^٢) \". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ وحَثَى بيَدِه. فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: قُمْ فخُذْ بيَدِكَ. فأخَذَ فإِذا هُنَ خَمسُمِائَةٍ. فقالَ: عُدّوا له ألفًا. وقَسَمَ بَينَ النّاسِ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ وقالَ: إنَّما هذه مَواعيدُ وعَدَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ. حَتَّى إذا كان عامٌ مُقبِلٌ جاءَ مالٌ أكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ المالِ فقَسَمَ بَينَ النّاسِ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا، وفَضَلَت مِنه فضلَةٌ فقَسَمَ لِلخَدَمِ خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ وقالَ: إنَّ لَكُم خَدَمًا يَخدُمونكُم ويُعالِجونَ لَكُم فرَضَخنا لَهُم (^٣). فقالوا: لَو فضَّلتَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٠٨).\n(^٢) في س، ز: \"كذا وكذا\".\n(^٣) في س، ز: \"لكم\".","vol":"13","page":291},{"text":"المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارَ لِسابِقَتِهِم ولِمَكانِهِم مِن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم-؟ فقالَ: أجرُ أولَئكَ على اللَّهِ، إنَّ هذا المَعاشَ الأُسوَةُ فيه خَيرٌ مِنَ الأثَرَةِ. فَعَمِلَ بهَذا وِلايَتَه حَتَّى إذا كان سنةَ أُراه ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ في جُمادَى الآخِرِ مِن لَيالٍ بَقِينَ مِنه ماتَ، فوَلِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ﵁- ففَتَحَ الفُتوحَ وجاءَته الأموالُ، فقالَ: إنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- رأى في هذا المالِ رأيًا ولِي فيه رأىٌ آخَرُ؛ لا أجعَلُ مَن قاتَلَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَمَن قاتَلَ مَعَه. ففَرَضَ لِلمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا خَمسَةَ آلافٍ خَمسَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لِمَن كان له إسلامٌ كإسنلامِ أهلِ بَدرٍ، ولَم يَشهَدْ بَدرًا أربَعَةَ آلافٍ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لأزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا، إلا صَفيَّةَ وجُوَيريَةَ فرضَ لَهُما سِتَةَ آلافٍ فأبَتا أن تَقبَلا، فقالَ لَهُما: إنَما فرَضتُ لَهُنَّ لِلهِجرَةِ. فقالَتا: إنَّما فرَضتَ لَهُنَّ لِمَكانِهِنَّ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- وكانَ لَنا مِثلُه. فعَرَفَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، ففَرَضَ لَهُما اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا، وفَرَضَ لِلعباسِ -﵁- اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا، وفَرَضَ لأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وفَرَضَ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ ثَلاثَةَ آلافٍ، فقالَ: يا أبَه لِمَ زِدتَه عَلَئَ ألفًا؟! ما كان لأبيه مِنَ الفَضلِ ما لَم يَكُنْ لأبِى، وما كان له ما لَم يَكُنْ لِي. فقالَ: إنَّ أبا أُسامَة كان أحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن أبيكَ، وكانَ أُسامَةُ أحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنكَ. وفَرَضَ لِلحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ -﵄- خَمسَةَ آلافٍ خَمسَةَ آلافٍ ألحَقَهُما بأبيهِما؛ لِمَكانِهِما مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وفَرَضَ لأبناءِ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ ألفَينِ ألفَينِ، فمَرَّ به عُمَرُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ فقالَ: زِيدُوه ألفًا. فقالَ له محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ: ما كان لأبيه ما لَم يَكُنْ","vol":"13","page":292},{"text":"لآبائنا، وما كان له ما لَم يَكُنْ لَنا. قال: إنِّى فرَضتُ له بأبيه أبى سلمةَ ألفَينِ وزِدتُه بأُمِّه أُمِّ سلمةَ ألفًا، فإِن كانَت لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثلُ أُمِّه زِدتُكَ ألفًا. وفَرَضَ لأهلِ مَكَّةَ والنّاسِ ثَمانَمِائَةٍ، فجاءَه طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بأخيه عثمانَ ففَرَضَ له ثَمانَمِائَةٍ، فمَرَّ به النَّضرُ بنُ أنَسٍ فقالَ عُمَرُ: افرِضوا له في ألفَينِ. فقالَ له طَلحَةُ: جِئتُكَ بمِثلِه ففَرَضتَ له ثَمانَمِائَةٍ وفَرَضتَ لِهَذا ألفَينِ. فقالَ: إنَّ أبا هذا لَقِيَنِى يَومَ أُحُدٍ فقالَ لِى: ما فعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: ما أُراه إلَّا قَد قُتِلَ. فسَلَّ سَيفَه وكَسَرَ غِمدَه فقالَ: إن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد قُتِلَ فإِنَّ اللهَ حَىٌّ لا يَموتُ. فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، وهَذا يَرعَى الشّاءَ في مَكانِ كَذا وكَذا (^١).\n\n١٣١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ التَّيمِىُّ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ المُهاجِرينَ على خَمسَةِ آلافٍ، والأنصارَ على أربَعَةِ آلافٍ، ومَن لَم يَشهَدْ بَدرًا مِن أبناءِ المُهاجِرينَ على أربَعَةِ آلافٍ، فكانَ مِنهُم عُمَرُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الأسَدِ المَخزومِىُّ، وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ الأسَدِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ: إنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ لَيسَ مِن هَؤُلاءِ، إنَّه وإِنَّه وإِنَّه. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: إن كان لِى حَقٌّ فأعطِنيه وإِلا فلا تُعطِنِى. فقالَ عُمَرُ لابنِ عَوفٍ:\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤١٢). وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٢٦: سنده منقطع وراويه لين.","vol":"13","page":293},{"text":"اكتُبْه على خَمسَةِ آلافٍ واكتُبْنِى على أربَعَةِ آلافٍ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: لا أُريدُ هذا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: واللهِ لا أجتَمِعُ أنا وأنتَ على خَمسَةِ آلافٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عَفانُ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2853>بابُ إعطاءِ الذُّرّيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٣١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه، ومَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا فإِلَينا\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣١٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كان رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أنا أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم، مَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلأهلِه، ومَن تَرَكَ دَينًا أو ضَياعًا فإِلَىَّ وعَلَىَّ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١٠٤ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن بشران به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٤٢٤) عن عفان به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٢٥٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣٩٨)، ومسلم (١٦١٩/ ١٧).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٨٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٦٢) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٥٨١٩، ٥٨٦٦).","vol":"13","page":294},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" في حَديثٍ طَويلٍ في خُطبَةِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٣١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه أسلَمَ أنَّه قال: كُنّا يَومًا مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إذ جاءَته امرأةٌ أعرابيَّةٌ، فقالَت: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أنا ابنَةُ خُفافِ بنِ إيماءٍ، شَهِدَ أبى الحُدَيبيَةَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال عُمَرُ: نَسَبٌ قَريبٌ. قالَت: تَرَكتُ بَنِىَّ وما يُنضِجُ أكبَرُهُمُ الكُراعَ. فأمَرَ لَها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بجَمَلٍ مُوقَرٍ (^٢) طَعامًا وكِسوَةً، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أكثَرْتَ لَها يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ: شَهِدَ أبوها الحُدَيبيَةَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَعَلَّه قَد شَهِدَ فتحَ مَدينَةِ كَذا وفَتحَ مَدينَةِ كَذا، فحَظُّه فيها ونَحنُ نَجْبِيها، أفَلا أُعطيها مِن ذَلِكَ؟! (^٣) أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2854>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ أميِر المُؤمِنيَن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: ما مِن أحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِميَن إلَّا له حَق في هذا المالِ</span>\n\n١٣١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبَرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٨٦٧).\n(^٢) الموقر: المحمل بحمل ثقيل. تاج العروس ١٤/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٤٦) عن أبى صالح به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤١٦٠، ٤١٦١).","vol":"13","page":295},{"text":"هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قالَ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: اجتَمِعوا لِهَذا المالِ فانظُروا لِمَن تَرَونَه. ثُمَّ قال لَهُم: إنِّى أمَرتُكُم أن تجتَمِعوا لِهَذا المالِ فتَنظُروا لِمَن تَرَونَه، وإِنِّى قَد قَرأتُ آياتٍ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ سَمِعتُ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (٧) لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ﴾ [الحشر: ٦ - ٨]. واللهِ ما هو لِهَؤُلاءِ وحدَهُم: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ الآية [الحشر: ٩]. واللَّهِ ما هو لِهَؤُلاءِ وحدَهُم: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ الآية [الحشر: ١٠]. واللهِ ما مِن أحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ إلا له حَقٌّ في هذا المالِ، أُعطى مِنه أو مُنِعَ، حَتَّى راعٍ بعَدَنَ (^١).\n\n١٣١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ ابنِ الحَدَثانِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها قال: ثمَّ تَلا: ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [التوبة: ٦٠]. فقالَ: هذه لِهَؤُلاءِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٦٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"13","page":296},{"text":"ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [الأنفال: ٤١]. ثُمَّ قال: هذا لِهَؤُلاءِ. ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. ثُمَّ قال: هَؤُلاءِ المُهاجِرونَ. ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فقالَ: هَؤُلاءِ الأنصارُ. قال: وقالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قال: فهَذِه استَوعَبَتِ النّاسَ، فلَم يَبقَ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ إلَّا ولَه في هذا المالِ حَقٌّ، إلَّا ما تَملِكونَ مِن رَقيقِكُم، فإِن أعِشْ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ لَم يَبقَ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينِ إلَّا سَيأتيهِ حَقُّه، حَتَّى الرّاعِى بسَرْوِ حِميَرَ (^١) يأتيه حَقُّه ولَم يَعرَقْ فيه جَبينُه (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -: هذا الحديثُ يَحتَمِلُ مَعانِى مِنها: أن نَقولَ: لَيسَ أحَدٌ يُعطَى بمَعنَى حاجَةٍ مِن أهلِ الصَّدَقَةِ. أو مَعنَى أنَّه مِن أهلِ الفَئِ الَّذينَ يَغزونَ، إلَّا ولَه حَقٌّ في هذا المالِ؛ الفَئِ أوِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وهَذا كأنَّه أولَى مَعانيه، فقَد قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في الصَّدَقَةِ: \"لا حَظَّ فيها لَغَنِىٍّ، ولا لِذِى مِرَّةٍ مُكتسِبٍ\". والَّذِى أحفَظُ عن أهلِ العِلمِ أن الأعرابَ لا يُعطَونَ مِنَ الفَئِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد مَضَى هذا في حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤). وقَد حَكَى\n_________\n(^١) سرو حمير: السرو ما ارتفع عن مجرى السيل وانحدر عن غلظ الجبل، وسرو حمير: منازلهم. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٢١٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨١٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٤١٥٩) من طريق أيوب به مطولًا. وتقدم في (١٣١١٠).\nوصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٦٧).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٥٥.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣١١٨).","vol":"13","page":297},{"text":"أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الشّافِعِىُّ عن الشّافِعِىِّ أنَّه قال في كِتابِ \"السير\" القديم مَعنَى هذا، ثُمَّ استَثنَى فقالَ: إلَّا ألَّا يُصابَ أحَدُ المالَينِ ويُصابَ الآخَرُ، وبالصِّنفَينِ إلَيه حاجَةٌ، فيُشَرَّكَ بَينَهُم فيه. قال: وقَد أعانَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ - ﵁ - في خُروجِه إلَى أهلِ الرِّدَّةِ بمالٍ أتَى به عَدِىُّ بنُ حاتِمٍ مِن صَدَقَةِ قَومِه، فلَم يُنكَرْ عَلَيه ذَلِكَ إذ (^١) كانَت بالقَومِ إلَيه حاجَةٌ، والفَئُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2855>باب: لا يَفرِضُ واجِبًا إلَّا لِبالغٍ يُطيقُ مِثلُه القِتالَ</span>\n\n١٣١٣٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الخَثعَمِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَرَضَه يَومَ أُحُدٍ لِلقِتالِ. قال: وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، فلَم يُجِزْنِى. قال: ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِى يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فأجازَنِى. قال نافِعٌ: فقَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وهو إذ ذاكَ خَليفَةٌ، فحَدَّثتُ هذا الحديثَ فقالَ: إنَّ هذا لَحَدٌّ بَينَ الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ. ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمّالِه أن يَفرِضوا لِمَن بَلَغَ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، وما كانَ دونَ ذَلِكَ أن يَجعَلُوه مَعَ العيالِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ز: \"إذا\".\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٠١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٤٣) من طريق أبى أسامة به مقرونًا بابن نمير وأبى معاوية. وتقدم تخريجه في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤٠٧).","vol":"13","page":298},{"text":"أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n١٣١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: اجتَمِعوا لِهَذا الفَئِ حَتَّى نَنظُرَ فيه. قال: ثُمَّ قال لَهُم بَعدُ: إنِّى قَد كُنتُ أمَرتكُم أن تَجتَمِعوا له حَتَّى نَنظُرَ فيه، وإِنِّى قَرأتُ آياتٍ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فاستَغنَيتُ بهِنَّ، قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ واللَّهِ ما هو لِهَؤُلاءِ وحدَهُم، ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ، ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ واللَّهِ ما هو لِهَؤُلاءِ وحدَهُم، ولَئن بَقِيتُ إلَى قابِلٍ لأُلحِقَنَّ آخِرَ النّاسِ بأوَّلِهِم فلأجعَلَنَّهُم بَبَّانًا واحِدًا. يَعنِى باجًا واحِدًا (^٢). قال: فجاءَ ابن له وهو يَقسِمُ يُقالُ له: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ لُهَيَّةَ - امرأةٍ كانَت لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ له: اكسُنِى خاتَمًا؟ فقالَ له: الحَقْ بأُمِّكَ تَسقيكَ شَربَةً مِن سَويقٍ. فواللهِ ما أعطاه شَيئًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٨٦٨/ ٩١، وعقبه).\n(^٢) باجًا واحدا: شيئًا واحدًا وقد يهمز، وهو فارسى معرب. النهاية ١/ ١٦٠. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٩٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٢٢ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن بشران به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٢٤) عن وكيع به بنحوه. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٥١) من طريق هشام به مختصرًا.","vol":"13","page":299},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2856>بابُ ما يَكونُ لِلوالِى الأعظَمِ ووالِى الإقليمِ مِن مالِ اللَّهِ وما جاءَ في رِزقِ القُضاةِ وأجرِ سائرِ الوُلاةِ</span>\n\n١٣١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: لَمّا استُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - قال: لَقَد عَلِمَ قَومِى أن حِرفَتِى لَم تَكُنْ تَعجِزُ عن مُؤنَةِ أهلِى، وقَد شُغِلتُ بأمرِ المُسلِمينَ، فسَيأكُلُ آلُ أبى بكرٍ مِن هذا المالِ وأحتَرِفُ لِلمُسلِمينَ فيهِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأخبَرَنِى عُروَةُ عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: لَمّا استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أكَلَ هو وأهلُه واحتَرَفَ في مالِ نَفسِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٣٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨١٤). وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ١٨٤ وعنده مختصر، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٥٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٩٨٣) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٠٧٠).","vol":"13","page":300},{"text":"الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - حينَ حُضِرَ: انظُرى (^١) كُلَّ شَئٍ زادَ في مالِى مُنذُ دَخَلتُ في هذه الإمارَةِ فرُدّيه إلَى الخَليفَةِ مِن بَعدِى. قالَت: فلَمّا ماتَ نَظَرنا فما وجَدنا زادَ في مالِه إلَّا ناضِحًا كان يَسقِى بُستانًا له، وغُلامًا نوبيًّا كان يَحمِلُ صَبيًّا له. قالَت: فأرسَلتُ به إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ -. قالَت: فأُخبِرتُ أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بَكَى، وقالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أبا بكرٍ، لَقَد أتعَبَ مَن بَعدَه تَعَبًا شَديدًا (^٢).\n\n١٣١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ طاهِرِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا المُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ أكيَسَ الكَيْسِ التَّقوَى، وأحمَقَ الحُمقِ الفُجورُ، ألا وإِنَّ الصِّدقَ عِندِى الأمانَةُ، والكَذِبَ الخيانَةُ، ألا وإِنَّ القَوِىَّ عِندِى ضَعيفٌ حَتَّى آخُذَ مِنه الحَقَّ، والضَّعيفَ عِندِى قَوِىٌّ حَتَّى آخُذَ له الحَقَّ، ألا وإِنِّى قَد وُلّيتُ عَلَيكُم ولَستُ بأخيَرِكُم -قال الحَسَنُ: هو واللَّهِ خَيرُهُم غَيرَ مُدافَعٍ، ولَكِنَّ المُؤمِنَ يَهضِمُ نَفسَه- ثُمَّ قال: لَوَدِدتُ أنَّه كَفانِى هذا الأمرَ أحَدُكُم -قال الحَسَنُ: صَدَقَ واللَّهِ- وإِن أنتُم أردَتُمونِى على ما كان اللَّهُ يُقيمُ نَبيَّه مِنَ الوَحي ما ذَلِكَ عِندِى؛ إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ فراعونِى. فلَمّا أصبَحَ غَدا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٦: \"انظر\". وضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ١٩٢ عن ابن نمير به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٤٩٥، ٣٣٤٥٥)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٩٨٦) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"13","page":301},{"text":"إلَى السُّوقِ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أينَ تُريدُ؟ قال: السّوقَ. قال: قَد جاءَكَ ما يَشغَلُكَ عن السُّوقِ. قال: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! يَشغَلُنِى عن عيالِى؟ قال: تَفرِضُ (^١) بالمَعروفِ. قال: ويحَ عُمَرَ! إنِّى أخافُ ألَّا يَسَعَنِى أن آكُلَ مِن هذا المالِ شَيئًا. قال: فأنفَقَ في سَنَتَينِ وبَعضِ أُخرَى ثَمانيَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، فلَمّا حَضَرَه المَوتُ قال: قَد كُنتُ قُلتُ لِعُمَرَ: إنِّى أخافُ ألَّا يَسَعَنِى أن آكُلَ مِن هذا المالِ شَيئًا. فغَلَبَنِى، فإِذا أنا مِتُّ فخُذوا مِن مالِى ثَمانيَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ ورُدّوها في بَيتِ المالِ. قال: فلَمّا أُتِى بها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قال: رَحِمَ اللهُ أبا بكرٍ، لَقَد أتعَبَ مَن بَعدَه تَعَبًا شَديدًا.\n\n١٣١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كُنّا ببابِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - نَنظُرُ أن يُؤذَنَ لَنا، فخَرَجَتْ جاريَةٌ فقُلنا: سُرِّيَّةُ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ. فسَمِعَتْ فقالَت: ما أنا بسُرِّيَّةِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، وما أَحِلُّ له، إنِّى لَمِن مالِ اللهِ تَعالَى. قال: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فدَخَلْنا عَلَيه فأخبرْناه بما قُلنا وبِما قالَت، فقالَ: صَدَقَتْ، ما تَحِلُّ لِى، وما هِى لِى بسُرِّيَّةٍ، وإِنَّها لَمِن مالِ اللهِ ﷿، وسأُخبِرُكُم بما أستَحِلُّ مِن هذا المالِ؛ أستَحِلُّ مِنه حُلَّتَينِ حُلَّةً لِلشِّتاءِ وحُلَّةً\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تعرض\".","vol":"13","page":302},{"text":"لِلصَّيفِ، وما يَسَعُنِى لِحَجِّى وعُمرَتِى وقُوتِى وقُوتِ أهلِ بَيتِى، وسَهمِى مَعَ المُسلِمينَ كَسَهمِ رَجُلٍ لَستُ بأرفَعِهِم ولا أوضَعِهِم (^١).\n\n١٣١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن اليَرفا (^٢) قال: قال لِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنِّى أنزَلتُ نَفسِى مِن مالِ اللَّهِ بمَنزِلَةِ والِى اليَتيمِ، إنِ احتَجتُ أخَذَتُ مِنه، فإِذا أيسَرتُ رَدَدتُه، وإِنِ استَغنَيتُ استَعفَفتُ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن لاحِقِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ قال: لَمّا بَعَثَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّابِ - ﵁ - عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ وعُثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ إلَى الكوفَةِ؛ بَعَثَ عَمّارَ ابنَ ياسِرٍ على الصَّلاةِ وعَلَى الجُيوشِ، وبَعَثَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ على القَضاءِ وعَلَى بَيتِ المالِ، وبَعَثَ عثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ على مِساحَةِ الأرضِ، جَعَلَ بَينَهُم كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةً؛ شَطرُها وسَواقِطُها لِعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، والنِّصفُ بَينَ هَذَينِ. قال سعيدٌ: ولا أحفَظُ الطَّعامَ. ثُمَّ قالَ: نَزَّلتُكُم وإيّاى مِن هذا المالِ كَمَنزِلَةِ والِى مالِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٢٧٦ من طريق المصنف به. وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٤٦)، وابن سعد ٣/ ٢٧٥ من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) في م: \"اليرفأ\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١٠٦).","vol":"13","page":303},{"text":"اليَتيمِ: ﴿وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ٦]. وما أرَى قَريَةً يُؤخَذُ مِنها كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةٌ إلَّا كان ذَلِكَ سَريعًا في خَرابِها (^١).\n\n١٣١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ شَقيقٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: استَعمَلَنِى ابنُ زيادٍ على بَيتِ المالِ، فأتانِى رَجُلٌ بِصكٍّ فيه: أعطِ صاحِبَ المَطبَخِ ثَمانَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ. فقُلتُ له: مَكانَكَ. ودَخَلتُ على ابنِ زيادٍ فحَدَّثتُه فقُلتُ: إنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - استَعمَلَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ على القَضاءِ وبَيتِ المالِ، وعُثمانَ ابنَ حُنَيفٍ على ما سَقَى الفُراتُ، وعَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ على الصَّلاةِ والجُندِ، ورَزَقَهُم كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةً فجَعَلَ نِصفَها وسَقَطَها وأكارِعَها لِعَمّارِ؛ لأنَّه كان على الصَّلاةِ والجُندِ، وجَعَلَ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ رُبُعَها، وجَعَلَ لِعُثمانَ بنِ حُنَيفٍ رُبُعَها، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ مالًا يُؤخَذُ مِنه كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةٌ إنَّ ذَلِكَ فيه لَسَريعٌ. قال ابنُ زيادٍ: ضَعِ المِفتاحَ واذهَبْ حَيثُ شِئتَ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٧٢)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٥٦) من طريق سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٨، ١٩٢٧٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨١٧). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ١٧٩ من طريق المصنف به. وفى ٢٣/ ١٧٩، ١٨٠ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن بشران به.","vol":"13","page":304},{"text":"الأشَجِّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: استَعمَلَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على الصَّدَقَةِ، فلَمّا فرَغتُ أمَرَ لِى بعُمالَةٍ (^١)، فقُلتُ: إنَّما عَمِلتُ للَّهِ. قال: خُذْ ما أُعطيتَ، فإِنِّى قَد عَمِلتُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فعَمَّلَنِى (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ وقالَ: عن ابنِ السَّعدِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ الجَكّانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أن حوَيطِبَ بنَ عبدِ العُزَّى أخبَرَه أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ السَّعدِىِّ أخبَرَه أنَّه قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في خِلافَتِه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: ألَم أُحَدَّثْ أنَّكَ تَلِى مِن أعمالِ النّاسِ أعمالًا، فإِذا أُعطيتَ العُمالَةَ كَرِهتَها؟ قال: فقُلتُ: بَلَى. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: فما تُريدُ إلَى ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فقُلتُ: إنَّ لِى أفراسًا وأعبُدًا وأنا بخَيرٍ، وأُريدُ أن تَكونَ عُمالَتِى صَدَقَةً على المُسلِمينَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: فلا تَفعَلْ، فإِنِّى قَد كُنتُ أرَدتُ ذَلِكَ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعطينِى العَطاءَ فأقولُ: أعطِه أفقَرَ إلَيه مِنِّى. حَتَّى أعطانِى مَرَّةً مالًا، فقُلتُ: أعطِه أفقَرَ إلَيه مِنِّى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خُذْه فتَمَوَّلْه أو تَصَدَّقْ بة، وما جاءَكَ مِن هذا المالِ وأنتَ غَيرُ مُشرِفٍ ولا سائلٍ\n_________\n(^١) العمالة: بتثليث العين، الذى يأخذه العامل من الأجرة. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٦٤٧، ٢٩٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧١)، والنسائي (٢٦٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٤)، وابن حبان (٣٤٠٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٤٥/ ١١٢)، وفيه: ابن الساعدى. وصوب القاضى: \"السعدى\". ينظر إكمال المعلم ٣/ ٥٨١.","vol":"13","page":305},{"text":"فخُذْه، وما لا فلا تُتبِعْه نَفسَكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه أسلَمَ أنَّه قال: لَمّا كان عامُ الرَّماداتِ وأجدَبَت بلادُ العَرَبِ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إلَى عمرِو بنِ العاصِ: مِن عبدِ اللهِ عُمَرَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ إلَى العاصِ ابنِ العاصِ؛ إنَّكَ لَعَمرِى ما تُبالِى إذا سَمِنتَ ومَن قِبَلَكَ أن أعجَفَ أنا ومَن قِبَلِى، ويا غَوثاه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وقالَ فيه: ثُمَّ دَعا أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ فخَرَجَ في ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ بَعَثَ إلَيه بألفِ دينارٍ، فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ: إنِّى لَم أعمَلْ لَكَ يا ابنَ الخطابِ إنَّما عَمِلتُ للهِ، ولَستُ آخُذُ في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: قَد أعطانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أشياءَ بَعَثَنا لَها فكَرِهنا ذَلِكَ، فأبَى عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فاقبَلْها أيُّها الرَّجُلُ فاستَعِنْ بها على دِينكَ ودُنياكَ. فقَبِلَها أبو عُبَيدَةَ.\n\n١٣١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ فِراسٍ الفقيهُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَهلٍ الدِّمياطِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ يَحيَى التُّجيبِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه وذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٠٦) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٥، ٢٣٦٦) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧١٦٣)، ومسلم (١٠٤٥/ ١١١)، وعند مسلم بدون ذكر حويطب. ينظر المعلم ٢/ ٢٠.","vol":"13","page":306},{"text":"ما تَرَكَ مِنَ الأوَّلِ، فقالَ: فكَتَبَ عمرٌو: السَّلامُ، أمّا بَعدُ لَبَّيكَ لَبَّيكَ، أتَتكَ عيرٌ أوَّلُها عِندَكَ وآخِرُها عِندِى؛ مَعَ أنِّى أرجوأن أجِدَ سَبيلًا أن أحمِلَ في البحرِ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ أوَّلُ عيرٍ دَعا الزُّبَيرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: اخرُجْ في أوَّلِ هذه العيرِ فاستَقبِلْ بها نَجدًا فاحمِلْ إلَىَّ كُلَّ أهلِ بَيتٍ قَدَرتَ أن تَحمِلَهُم إلَىَّ، ومَن لَم تَستَطِعْ حَملَه فمُرْ لِكُلِّ أهلِ بَيتٍ ببَعيرٍ بما عَلَيه، ومُرْهُم فليَلبَسوا كِساءَيْنِ وليَنحَروا البَعيرَ فيَجمُلوا شَحمَه، وليُقَدِّدوا لَحمَه، وليَحتَذُوا جِلدَه، ثُمَّ ليأخُذوا كُبَّةً مِن قَدِيدٍ، وكُبَّةً مِن شَحمٍ، وجَفنَةً مِن دَقيقٍ، فيَطبُخوا ويأكُلوا حَتَّى يأتيَهُم اللهُ برِزقٍ. فأبَى الزُّبَيرُ أن يَخرُجَ فقالَ: أما واللهِ لا تَجِدُ مِثلَها حَتَّى تَخرُجَ مِنَ الدُّنيا. ثُمَّ دَعا آخَرَ، أظُنُّه طَلحَةَ، فأبَى، ثُمَّ دَعا أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ، فخَرَجَ في ذَلِكَ. وذَكَرَ باقِى الحديثِ بنَحوِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَروانَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا المُعافَى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن المُستَورِدِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن كان لَنا عامِلًا فليَكسِبْ زَوجَةً، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ له خادِمٌ فليَكسِبْ خادِمًا، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ له مَسكَنٌ فليَكسِبْ مَسكَنًا\". قال: فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: أُخبِرتُ أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ فهو غالٌّ أو سارِقٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) يجملوا: يذيبوا. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٠٧. وكبة: الشئ المجتمع من الطعام وغيره. وينظر المخصص ٣/ ٣٣٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٧) من طريق شعيب به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٣٣: إسناده قوى.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٤٥). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٠) من طريق المعافى به. وأحمد (١٨٠١٥) من طريق=","vol":"13","page":307},{"text":"١٣١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَمّارٍ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا المُعافَى بنُ عِمرانَ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن المُستَورِدِ. وقالَ في آخِرِه: وأُخبِرتُ. لَم يَقُلْ: فقالَ أبو بكرٍ (^١).\n\n١٣١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّمّاكُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَيّانَ بنِ مُلاعِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ استَعمَلْناه على عَملٍ فرَزَقْناه رِزقًا، فما أخَذَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فهو غُلولٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ على الخَزّازُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى سَبرَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: رَزَقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَتّابَ بنَ أَسيدٍ حينَ استَعمَلَه على مَكَّةَ أربَعينَ أوقيَّةً في كُلِّ\n_________\n= الحارث بن يزيد به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٥٢).\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٦. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٨/ ٢٩١ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عمار به بدون آخره.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٤٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٣٣: سنده صالح.","vol":"13","page":308},{"text":"سنةٍ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُسنَدًا:\n\n١٣١٥٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرٌ الخُلدِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحُصَينِ الرَّقِّىُّ ابنُ بنتِ مُعَمَّرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ سَهلُ بنُ أبى سَهلٍ المِهرانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحُصَينِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَعمَلَ عَتّابَ بنَ أَسيدٍ على مَكَّةَ، وفَرَضَ له عُمالَتَه أربَعينَ أوقيَّةً مِن فِضةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٥٤ - وقَد أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عَقرَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَتّابَ بنَ أَسيدٍ وهو مُسنِدٌ ظَهرَه إلَى بَيتِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: واللَّهِ ما أصَبتُ في عَمَلِى هذا الَّذِى ولَّانِى رَسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا ثَوبَينِ مُعَقَّدَينِ كَسَوتُهُما مَولاى كَيسانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٣٣: لم يصح هذا.\n(^٢) أخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة (١٩٣٦) من طريق إسحاق بن الحصين به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ١٦١ (٤٢٣)، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٩٥ من طريق حرمى بن حفص به. والطيالسى (١٤٥٣)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ٢١ من طريق خالد به. والمعقد: ضرب من برود هجر. النهاية ٣/ ٢٧١. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٢٣٢: رواه الطبرانى ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"13","page":309},{"text":"١٣١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ التِّنِّسِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنا الزَّمَعِىُّ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سُراقَةَ، أن محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ أخبَرَه أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ - ﵁ - أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيّاكُم والقُسامَةَ\". قال: فقُلنا: وما القُسامَةُ؟ قال: \"الشَّئُ يَكونُ بَينَ النّاسِ فيُنتقَصُ (^١) مِنه\" (^٢).\n\n١٣١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن شَريكٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيّاكُم والقُسامَةَ\". قالوا: وما القُسامَةُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الرَّجُلُ يَكونُ على الفِئامِ مِنَ النّاسِ، فيأخُذُ مِن حَظِّ هذا وحَظِّ هذا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2857>بابٌ: الاختيارُ في التَّعجيلِ بقِسمَةِ مالِ الفَئِ إذا اجتَمَعَ</span>\n\n١٣١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابن الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بن عبدِ الجَبّارِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ثم يتنقص\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٨٣). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٨٤). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩٢).","vol":"13","page":310},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ ابنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا جاءَ الفَئُ يَقسِمُه مِن يَومِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣١٥٨ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ قال: حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، زادَ فيه: فأعطَى العَزَبَ حَظًّا وأعطَى الآهِلَ حَظَّينِ، فدَعانِى فأعطانِى حَظَّينِ وكانَ لِى أهلٌ، ثُمَّ دَعا عَمّارًا فأعطاه حَظًّا واحِدًا (^٢).\n\n١٣١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمِشُ بنُ عِصامٍ، أخبَرَنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: أُتِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمالٍ مِنَ البحرَينِ، فقالَ: \"انثُروه في المَسجِدِ\". قال: وكانَ أكثَرَ مالٍ أُتِى به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الصَّلاةِ ولَم يَلتَفِتْ إلَيه، فلَمّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ جاءَ فجَلَسَ إلَيه، فما كان يَرَى أحَدًا إلَّا أعطاه؛ إذ جاءَه العباسُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أعطِنِى؛ فإِنِّى فادَيتُ نَفسِى وفادَيتُ عَقيلًا. قال له رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ -: \"خُذْ\". فحَثا في ثَوبِه، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يُقِلُّه فلَم يَستَطِعْ، فقالَ: مُرْ بَعضَهُم يَرفَعُه إلَىَّ. قال: \"لا\". قال: فارفَعْه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٠٤)، وأبو داود (٢٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤٨١٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وتقدم في (١٣١٠١).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣١٠٢).","vol":"13","page":311},{"text":"أنتَ علىَّ. قال: \"لا\". قال: فَنَثَرَ مِنه ثُمَّ احتَمَلَه فألقاه على كاهِلِه ثُمَّ انطَلَقَ. قال: فما زالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُتبِعُه بَصرَه حَتَّى خَفِى عَلَيه عَجَبًا مِن حِرصِه، فما قامَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وثَمَّ مِنها دِرهَمٌ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ مَنصورٌ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ مُضرَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا يَومًا وعُروَةُ على عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فقالَت: لَو رأيتُما نَبِىَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - في مَرضَةٍ مَرِضَها وكانَت له عِندِى سِتَّةُ دَنانيرَ -قال موسَى بنُ جُبَيرٍ: أو سَبعَةٌ- فأمَرَنِى نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن أُفَرِّقَها، فشَغَلَنى وجَعُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى عافاه اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ سألَنِى عَنها فقالَ: \"أكُنتِ فرَّقتِ السِّتَّةَ أوِ السَّبعَةَ؟ \". قالَت: لا واللهِ شَغَلَنِى وجَعُكَ. قالَت: فدَعا بها ثُمَّ فرَّقَها، فقالَ: \"ما ظَنُّ نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ لَو لَقِى اللَّهَ ﷿ وهِى عِندَه؟! \" (^٣).\n\n١٣١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ ابنُ السِّقاءِ، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٦/ ٢٩٤ من طريق المصنف به. وعزاه ابن حجر في التغليق ٢/ ٢٢٨ للحاكم وأسنده فيه من الطريق المذكور من طريق حفص بن عبد الله به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢١، ٣١٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٣٣) عن أبى سلمة به. وابن حبان (٣٢١٣) من طريق بكر بن مضر به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١٠/ ٢٤٠: رواه كله أحمد بأسانيد ورجال أحدها رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":312},{"text":"عبدِ المَلِكِ أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو ساهِمُ الوَجهِ (^١). قالَت: فحَسِبتُ ذَلِكَ مِن وجَعٍ، فقُلتُ: ما لَكَ ساهِمَ الوَجهِ؟ فقالَ: \"مِن أجلِ الدَّنانيرِ السَّبعَةِ التى أتَتنا أمسِ ولَم نَقسِمْها وهِى في خُصْمِ (^٢) الفِراشِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣١٦٢ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنِى حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يُبَيِّتُ مالًا ولا يُقَيِّلُه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: إن جاءَه غُدوَةً لَم يَنتَصفِ النَّهارُ حَتَّى يَقسِمَه، وإِن جاءَه عَشيَّةً لَم يَبِتْ حَتَّى يَقسِمَه (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٣١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا الحُرُّ بنُ مالكٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ساهم الوجه: عابس الوجه من الهم. غريب الحديث لإبراهيم الحربى ٣/ ١١١٢.\n(^٢) في ص ٦: \"خضم\" بالضاد المعجمة. قال ابن الأثير: خصم كل شئ: طرفه وجانبه ... ويروى بالضاد المعجمة. النهاية ٢/ ٣٨، ٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥١٤)، وابن حبان (٥١٦٠) عن أبى الوليد به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ١٠/ ٢٣٨: رواه أحمد وأبو يعلى ورجالهما رجال الصحيح.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٧٢٨٦) وفيه: جبير بن محمد. بدلًا من: الحسن بن محمد. وأخرجه الخليلى في الإرشاد ١/ ٣٣٩ من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٩٨٣)، والخطابى في غريب الحديث ١/ ٥٣٢ من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.","vol":"13","page":313},{"text":"مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ: اقسِمْ بَيتَ مالِ المُسلِمينَ في كُل شَهرٍ مَرَّةً، اقسِمْ مالَ المُسلِمينَ في كُل جُمُعَةٍ مَرَّةً. ثُمَّ قال: اقسِمْ بَيتَ مالِ المُسلِمينَ في كُلِّ يَومٍ مَرَّةً. قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ لَو أبقَيتَ في مالِ المُسلِمينَ بَقيَّةً تُعِدُّها لِنائبَةٍ أو صَوتٍ. يَعنى خارِجَةً. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِى كَلَّمَه: جَرَى الشَّيطانُ على لِسانِه لَقَّنَنِى اللهُ حُجَّتَها ووَقانِى شَرَّها، أُعِدُّ لَها ما أعَدَّ لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ طاعَةَ اللهِ ﷿ ورسولِه - ﷺ -.\n\n١٣١٦٤ - وفيما أجازَ لى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه أن أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ حَدَّثَهُم، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبَرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبَرَنا غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ، أنَّه لَمّا قُدِمَ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب - ﵁ - بما أُصيبَ مِنَ العِراقِ قال له صاحِبُ بَيتِ المالِ: أنا أُدخِلُه بَيتَ المالِ؟ قال: لا ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ لا يُؤوَى (^١) تَحتَ سَقفِ بَيتٍ حَتَّى أقسِمَه. فأمَرَ به فوُضِعَ في المَسجِدِ ووُضِعَت عَلَيه الأنطاعُ، وحَرَسَه رِجالٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ غَدا مَعَه العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطلِبِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ آخِذٌ بيَدِ أحَدِهِما أوأحَدُهُما آخِذٌ بيَدِه، فلَمّا رأوه كَشَطوا الأنطاعَ عن الأموالِ فرأى مَنظَرًا لَم يَرَ مِثلَه، رأى الذَّهَبَ فيه والياقوتَ والزَّبَرجَدَ واللُّؤلُؤَ يَتَلألأُ، فبَكَى، فقالَ له أحَدُهُما: إنَّه واللهِ ما هو بيَومِ بُكاءٍ، ولَكِنَه يَومُ شُكرٍ وسُرورٍ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يؤونه\".","vol":"13","page":314},{"text":"فقالَ: إنِّى واللَّهِ ما ذَهَبتُ حَيثُ ذَهَبتَ، ولَكِنَّه واللَّهِ ما كَثُرَ هذا في قَومٍ قَطُّ إلَّا وقَعَ بأسُهُم بَينَهُم. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على (^١) القِبلَةِ ورَفَعَ يَدَيه إلَى السَّماءِ، وقالَ: اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ أن أكونَ مُستَدرَجًا؛ فإِنِّى أسمَعُكَ تَقولُ: ﴿سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٢، القلم: ٤٤]. ثُمَّ قال: أينَ سُراقَةُ بنُ جُعشُمٍ؟ فأُتِى به أشعَرَ الذِّراعَينِ دَقيقَهُما. فأعطاه سِوارَى كِسرَى، فقالَ: البَسْهُما. ففَعَلَ فقالَ: قُلِ: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. قال: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ. قال: قُلِ: الحَمدُ للَّهِ الَّذِى سَلَبَهُما كِسرَى بنَ هُرمُزَ، وألبَسَهُما سُراقَةَ بنَ جُعشُمٍ أعرابيًّا مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ. وجَعَلَ يَقلِبُ بَعضَ ذَلِكَ بعصًا فقالَ: إنَّ الَّذِى أدَّى هذا لأمينٌ. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: أنا أُخبِرُكَ؛ أنتَ أمينُ اللَّهِ، وهُم يُؤَدّونَ إلَيكَ ما أدَّيتَ إلَى اللَّهِ، فإِذا [رَتَعتَ رَتَعوا] (^٢). قال: صَدَقتَ. ثُمَّ فرَّقَه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِنَّما ألبَسَهُما سُراقَةَ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لِسُراقَةَ ونَظَرَ إلَى ذِراعَيه: \"كأنِّى بكَ قَد لَبِستَ سِوارَى كِسرَى\". قال: ولَم يَجعَلْ له إلا سِوارَينِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: أنفَقَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على أهلِ الرَّمادَةِ حَتَّى وقَعَ مَطَرٌ فتَرَحَّلوا، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - راكِبًا فرَسًا يَنظُرُ إلَيهِم وهُم يَتَرَحَّلونَ بظَعائنِهِم فدَمَعَت عَيناه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى مُحارِبِ بنِ خَصَفَةَ: أشهَدُ أنَّها انحَسَرَت عَنكَ ولَستَ بابنِ أمَةٍ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ويلَك! ذَلِكَ لَو كُنتُ أنفَقتُ عَلَيهِم مِن مالِى أو مالِ الخطابِ؛\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) في س: \"ارتعت ارتعوا\"، وفى ز: \"وقعت وقعوا\".","vol":"13","page":315},{"text":"إنَّما أنفَقتُ عَلَيهِم مِن مالِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^١).\n\n١٣١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ قالوا: أخبَرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ وجَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: أُتِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بغَنائمَ مِن غَنائمِ القادِسيَّةِ، فجَعَلَ يَتَصَفَّحُها ويَنظُرُ إلَيها وهو يَبكِى ومَعَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ هذا يَومُ فرَحٍ وهَذا يَومُ سُرورٍ. قال: فقالَ: أجَل، ولَكِن لَم يُؤتَ هذا قَومٌ قَطُّ إلا أورَثَهُمُ العَداوَةَ والبَغضاءَ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبَرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبَرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: لَمّا أُتِى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بكُنوزِ كِسرَى، قال له عبدُ اللَّه بنُ أرقَمَ الزُّهرِىُّ: ألَا تَجعَلُها في بَيتِ المالِ؟ يَعنِى فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لا تَجعَلْها في بَيتِ المالِ حَتَّى نَقسِمَها. وبَكَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣) - ﵁ -: ما يُبكيكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؛ فواللهِ إنَّ هذا ليَومُ شُكرٍ ويَومُ سُرورٍ ويَومُ فرَحٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: إنَّ هذا لَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠١٤)، والأم ٤/ ١٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٤٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن عوف\".","vol":"13","page":316},{"text":"يُعطِه اللَّهُ قَومًا قَطُّ إلَّا ألقَى اللَّهُ بَينَهُمُ العَداوَةَ والبَغضاءَ (^١).\n\n١٣١٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِى بخَطِّ يَدِى عن أبى داودَ قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أُتِى بفَروَةِ كِسرَى فوُضِعَت بَينَ يَدَيه وفِى القَومِ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ، قال: فألقَى إلَيه سِوارَى كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ فجَعَلَهُما في يَدِه فبَلَغا مَنكِبَيه، فلَمّا رآهُما في يَدَى سُراقَةَ قال: الحَمدُ للَّهِ، سِوارَى كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ في يَدِ سُراقَةَ بنِ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ أعرابِىٍّ مِن بَنى مُدلِجٍ. ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهمَّ إنِّى قَد عَلِمتُ أن رسولَكَ - ﷺ - كان يُحِبُّ أن يُصيبَ مالًا فيُنفِقَه في سَبيلِكَ وعَلَى عِبادِكَ، وزَوَيتَ ذَلِكَ عنه نَظَرًا مِنكَ له وخيارًا، اللَّهمَّ إنِّى قَد عَلِمتُ أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - كان يُحِبُّ أن يُصيبَ مالًا فيُنفِقَه في سَبيلِكَ وعَلَى عِبادِكَ، فزَوَيتَ ذَلِكَ عنه نَظَرًا مِنكَ له وخيارًا، اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ أن يَكونَ هذا مَكرًا مِنك بعُمَرَ. ثُمَّ [قال: بلَى] (^٢): ﴿أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَبَنِينَ (٥٥) نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ بَلْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾ (^٣) [المؤمنون: ٥٥، ٥٦].\n\n١٣١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٣٨ من طريق الرمادى به. وابن المبارك في الزهد (٧٦٨) عن معمر به.\n(^٢) في م، والمهذب: \"تلا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٢٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٣٨ من طريق حماد به.","vol":"13","page":317},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن سعيدٍ قال: قَسَمَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَومًا مالًا فجَعَلوا يُثنونَ عَلَيه، فقالَ: ما أحمَقَكُم! لَو كان هذا لِى ما أعطَيتُكُم دِرهَمًا واحِدًا (^١).\n\n١٣١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا صَلَّى صَلاةً جَلَسَ؛ فمَن كانَت له حاجَةٌ كَلَّمَه، ومَن لَم تكُنْ له دَخَلَ، فصَلَّى ذاتَ يَومٍ فلَم يَجلِسْ. قال: فجِئتُ فقُلتُ: يا يَرفا أبِأميرِ المُؤمِنينَ شَكوًى؟ قال: لا والحَمدُ للهِ. قال: فجاءَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - فجَلَسَ فلَم يَلبَثْ أن جاءَ يَرفا، فقالَ: قُمْ يا ابنَ عَفّانَ قُمْ يا ابنَ عباسٍ. فدَخَلنا على عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وعِندَه صُبرَهٌ مِنَ المالِ، على كُل صُبرَةٍ مِنها كَتِفٌ، فقالَ: إنِّى نَظَرتُ في أهلِ المَدينَةِ فوَجَدتُكُما أكثَرَ أهلِ المَدينَةِ عَشيرَةً، فخُذا هذا المالَ فاقسِماه، فإِن بَقِى شَيءٌ فرُدّاه. فأمّا عثمانُ - ﵁ - فحَثا، وأمّا أنا فقُلتُ: وإِن نَقَصَ شَيءٌ أتمَمتَه لَنا؟ قال: شِنشِنَةٌ مِن أخشَنَ (^٢)، أما تَرَى هذا كان عِندَ اللهِ ومُحَمَّدٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المروذى في أخبار الشيوخ وأخلافهم (٢٠٦) من طريق جعفر به. وعزاه في الدر المنثور ١٤/ ٣٦٣ لعبد بن حميد عن سعيد بن المسيب.\n(^٢) شنشنة من أخشن: أى حجر من جبل، ومعناه أنه شبهه بأبيه العباس في شهامته ورأيه وجرأته على القول. ينظر التاج ١٧/ ٤١٣ (ن ش ش).","vol":"13","page":318},{"text":"وأصحابُه يأكُلونَ القِدَّ (^١)؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَلَى واللَّهِ لَقَد كان هذا عِندَ اللهِ ومُحَمَّدٌ - ﷺ - وأصحابُه يأكُلونَ القِدَّ، ولَو فُتِحَ هذا على محمدٍ - ﷺ - صَنَعَ غَيرَ الَّذِى تَصنَعُ. قال: فكأنَّه فزعَ مِنه فقالَ: وما كان يَصنَعُ؟ قُلتُ: لأكَلَ وأطعَمَنا. قال: فنَشُجَ (^٢) حَتَّى اختَلَفَت أضلاعُه، وقالَ: لَوَدِدتُ أنِّى خَرَجتُ مِنها كَفافًا لا عَلَىَّ ولا لِى (^٣).\n\n١٣١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّة، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ أَبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال عبدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: هَل تَدرِى ما قال أَبِى لأبيكَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: إنَّ أَبِى قال لأبيكَ: يا أبا موسَى أيَسُرُّكَ أن إسلامَنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وجِهادَنا مَعَه وعَمَلَنا مَعَه كُلَّه بَرَدَ لَنا (^٤)، وأن كُلَّ عَمَلٍ عَمِلناه بَعدَه نَجَونا مِنه كَفافًا رأسًا برأسٍ؟ قال: فقالَ أبوكَ لأبِى: واللهِ لَقَد جاهَدْنا بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وصَلَّينا وصُمْنا وعَمِلْنا خَيرًا كَثيرًا، وأسلَمَ على أيدينا أُناسٌ كَثيرٌ، وإِنّا نَرجو بذَلِكَ. قال أَبِى: ولَكِنِّى أنا والَّذِى نَفسُ عُمَرَ بيَدِه لَوَدِدتُ أن ذَلِكَ بَرَدَ لَنا، وأن كُل شَئٍ عَمِلناه بَعدُ نَجَونا مِنه كَفافًا رأْسًا\n_________\n(^١) القد: جلد الماعز. النهاية ٤/ ٢١، والتاج ٩/ ١٢ (ق د د).\n(^٢) النشيج: صوت معه توجع وبكاء كما يردد الصبى بكاءه في صدره. النهاية ٥/ ٥٢، ٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميدى (٣٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) برد لنا: ثبت لنا ثوابه ودام وخلص. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٧.","vol":"13","page":319},{"text":"برأسٍ، فقُلتُ: واللهِ إنَّ أباكَ خَيرٌ مِن أبِى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بشرٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2858>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ الافترَاضَ (^٣) عِندَ تَغَيُّرِ السَّلاطيِن وصَرفِه عن المُستَحِقّيَن</span>\n\n١٣١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرُّوخَ، حدثنا أبو الأشهَبِ، حدثنا خُلَيدٌ العَصَرِىُّ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كُنتُ في نَفَرٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ فمَرَّ أبو ذَزٍّ - ﵁ - وهو يقولُ: بَشِّرِ الكَنّازينَ بكَىٍّ في ظُهورِهِم يَخرُجُ مِن جُنوبِهِم، وبِكَىٍّ مِن قِبَلِ أقفيَتِهِم يَخرُجُ مِن جِباهِهِم. قال: ثُمَّ تنَحَّى فقَعَدَ إلَى ساريَةٍ، فقُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: هذا أبو ذَرٍّ. فقُمتُ إلَيه فقُلتُ: ما شَيءٌ سَمِعتُكَ تَقولُ قُبَيلُ؟ قال: ما قُلتُ إلا شَيئًا سَمِعتُه مِن نَبيِّهِم - ﷺ -. قال: قُلتُ: ما تَقولُ في هذا العَطاءِ؟ قال: خُذْه فإِنَ فيه اليَومَ مَعونَةً (^٤)، فإِذا كان ثَمَنًا لِدينِكَ فدَعْه (^٥). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٦)، وهو في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٤٦٦ من طريق عوف به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٩١٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"الإفراض\".\n(^٤) في ص ٦: \"مؤنة\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٦٠) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٢١٤٧٠) من طريق أبى الأشهب به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٩٢/ ٣٥).","vol":"13","page":320},{"text":"العَطاءِ مَوقوفٌ، وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٣١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الحَوارِىِّ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ بنُ مُطَيرٍ -شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ وادِى القُرَى- قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى مُطَيرٌ أنَّه خَرَجَ حاجًّا حَتَّى إذا كانوا بالسُّوَيداءِ (^١) إذا أنا برَجُلٍ قَد جاءَ كأنَّه يَطلُبُ دَواءً أو حُضَضًا (^٢) فقالَ: أخبرَنِى مَن سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وهو يَعِظُ النّاسَ ويأمُرُهُم ويَنهاهُم، فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ خُذوا العَطاءَ ما كان عَطاءً، فإِذا تَجاحَفَت (^٣) قُرَيشٌ على المُلكِ وكانَ عن دِينِ أحَدِكُم فدَعُوه\" (^٤).\n\n١٣١٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ بنُ مُطَيرٍ مِن أهلِ وادِى القُرَى، عن أبيه أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ أمَرَ الناسَ ونَهاهُم، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهمَّ نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا تَجاحَفَت قُرَيشٌ على المُلكِ فيما بَينَها وعادَ العَطاءُ رُشًا فدَعُوه\". فقيلَ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: هذا ذو الزَّوائدِ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) السويداء: موضع على ليلتين من المدينة على طريق الشام. مراصد الاطلاع ٢/ ٧٥٨.\n(^٢) الحضض: يروى بضم الضاد الأولى وفتحها، وقيل: هو بطاءين، وقيل: بضاد ثم طاء، دواء معروف، قيل: إنه يعقد من أبوال الإبل، وقيل: عقار منه مكى ومنه هندى، وهو عصارة شجر معروف له ثمر كالفلفل، وتسمى ثمرته الحضض. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٣) تجاحفت: تنازعت. عون المعبود ٣/ ٩٨.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٩٥٨). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣٣).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٩٥٩). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣٤).","vol":"13","page":321},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2859>بابُ ما لَم يُوجَفْ عَلَيه بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ ومَنِ اختارَ أن يَكونَ وقفًا لِلمُسلِميَن</span>\nكما فعَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بأرضِ العِراقِ وغَيرِها؛ إمّا بأن كانَت فيئًا فتَرَكَها وقفًا، وإِمّا بأن كانَت غَنيمَةً فاستَطابَ أنفُسَ مَن (^١) ظَهَرَ عَلَيها، كما استَطابَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنفُسَ أهلِ سَبي هَوازِنَ حَتَّى تَرَكوا حُقوقَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٣١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أعطَى بَجيلَةَ رُبُعَ السَّوادِ فأخَذوه سِنينَ (^٣)، ثُمَّ وفَدَ جَريرٌ - ﵁ - إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: لَولا أنِّى قاسِمٌ مَسئولٌ لَكُنتُم على ما قُسِمَ لَكُم، فأرَى أن تَرُدَّه. فرَدَّه وأجازَه بثَمانينَ دينارًا (^٤).\n\n١٣١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ المِصريَّانِ، أن لَيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ حَدَّثَهُما قال: حَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"كان\".\n(^٢) هو الحديث بعد الآتى.\n(^٣) في ز: \"سنتين\".\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١١٢). وأخرجه البلاذرى في فتوح البلدان ٢/ ٣٢٧، ٣٢٨ من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"13","page":322},{"text":"عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهاب قال: زَعَمَ عُروَةُ أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَراه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قامَ حينَ جاءَه وفدُ هَوازِنَ مُسلِمينَ فسألوه أن يَرُدُّ إلَيهِم أموالَهُم ونِساءَهُم، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَعِى مَن تَرَونَ، وأحَبُّ الحديثِ إلَىَّ أصدَقُه، فاختاروا إحدَى الطّائفَتَينِ؛ إمّا السَّبى وِإمّا المالَ، وقَد كُنتُ استأنَيتُ (^١) بهِم\". وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - انتَظَرَهُم بِضعَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً حينَ قَفَلَ مِنَ الطّائفِ، فلَمّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُم أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَيرُ راد إلَيهِم أموالَهُم (^٢) إلا إحدَى الطّائفَتَينِ، قالوا: فإِنّا نَختارُ سَبيَنا. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في المُسلِمينَ فأثنَى على اللَّهِ بما هوأهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ؛ فإنَّ إخوانَكُم هَؤُلاءِ قَد جاءوا تائبينَ، وِإنَّنِى قَد رأيتُ أن أرُدَّ إلَيهِم سبيَهُم، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يُطَيِّبَ ذَلِكَ فليَفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يَكونَ على حَظِّه حَتَّى نُعطيَه إيّاه مِن أوَّلِ ما يُفِئُ اللَّهُ عَلَينا فليَفعَلْ\". فقالَ النّاسُ: قَد طيَّبنا ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَهُم. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنّا لا نَدرِى مَن أذِنَ مِنكُم في ذَلِكَ مِمَّن لَم يأذَنْ، فارجِعوا حَتَّى يَرفَعَ إلَينا عُرَفاؤُكُم أمرَكُم\". فرَجَعَ النّاسُ فكَلَّمَهُم عُرَفاؤُهُم، ثُمَّ رَجَعوا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَروه بأنَّهُم قَد طيَّبوا وأذِنوا. فهَذا الَّذِى بَلَغَنا عن سَبي هَوازِنَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) استأنيت: انتظرت. النهاية ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٩٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٩٣) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتى في (١٨٠٧٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٠٨).","vol":"13","page":323},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2860>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَعريفِ العُرَفاءِ</span>\n\n١٣١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا [إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ] (^١) بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَراه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أذِنَ لِلنّاسِ في عِتقِ سَبي هَوازِنَ قال: \"إنِّى لا أدرِى مَن أذَنَ مِنكُم مِمَّن لَم يأذَنْ، فارجِعوا حَتَّى يَرفَعَ إلَينا عُرَفاؤُكُم أمرَكُم\". فرَجَعَ النّاسُ فكَلَّمَهُم عُرَفاؤُهُم، فرَجَعوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَروه أن النّاسَ قَد طيَّبوا وأذِنوا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى بكرُ بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا غَسّانُ بنُ مُضَرَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يزيدَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: لما ولِى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الخِلافَةَ فرَضَ الفَرائضَ ودَوَّنَ الدَّواوينَ وعَرَّفَ العُرَفاءَ، وعَرَّفَنى على أصحابِى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إبراهيم بن إسماعيل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٨٢٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٧٦) من طريق موسى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧١٧٦، ٧١٧٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٣٧، ٣٣٤٢٥)، وأحمد في العلل (١٩٨٠) عن غسان به.","vol":"13","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2861>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَراهيَةِ العِرافَةِ لِمَن جارَ وارتَشَى وعَدَلَ عن طَريقِ الهُدَى</span>\n\n١٣١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا (^١) عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ حَربٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جابِرٍ، عن صالِحِ ابنِ يَحيَى بنِ المِقدامِ، عن جَدِّه المِقدامِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ضَرَبَ على مَنكِبِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أفلَحتَ يا قُدَيمُ إن مِتَّ ولَم تَكُنْ أميرًا أو كاتِبًا أو عَريفًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٣١٧٩ - وأخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ بشرٍ المَرثَدِىُّ، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه قال: عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، وقالَ\" \"ولَم تَكُنْ أميرًا ولا جابيًا ولا عَرَّافًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٣١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا غالِبٌ القَطّانُ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّهُم كانوا على مَنهَلٍ مِنَ المَناهِلِ، فلَمّا بَلَغَهُمُ الإسلامُ جَعَلَ صاحِبُ الماءِ لِقَومِه مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ على أن يُسلِموا، فأسلَموا وقَسَمَ الإبِلَ بَينَهُم وبَدا له أن يَرتَجِعَها مِنهُم، فأرسَلَ ابنَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"حاجب بن الوليد ثنا\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٩٩، وتاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٣٣) عن عمرو بن عثمان به. وفى بعض نسخ أبى داود: عن أبيه عن جده كما في الحديث التالى، ينظر تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٥٠٩. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٣٨٢) من طريق محمد بن حرب به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٤١: قال البخارى: صالح بن يحيى عن أبيه عن جده فيه نظر.","vol":"13","page":325},{"text":"له: ائتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقُلْ له: إن أبى يُقرِئُكَ السَّلامَ، وإِنَّه جَعَلَ لِقَومِه مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ على أن يُسلِموا، فأسلَموا وقَسَموا الإبِلَ بَينَهُم، وبَدا له أن يَرتَجِعَها مِنهُم، فهوأحَق بها أم هُم؟ فإن قال: نَعَم أو لا فقُلْ له: إنَّ أبى شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ وهو عَريفُ الماءِ، وإِنَّه يَسألُكَ أن تَجعَلَ لِى العِرافَةَ بَعدَه. فأتاه فقالَ له: إنَّ أبى يُقرِئُكَ السَّلامَ. فقالَ: \"عَلَيكَ وعَلَى أبيكَ السَّلامُ\". فقالَ: إنَّ أبى جَعَلَ لِقَومِه مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ على أن يُسلِموا، فأسلَموا وحَسُنَ إسلامُهُم، ثُمَّ بَدا له أن يَرتَجِعَها مِنهُم، أفَهو أحَقُّ بها أم هُم؟ قال: \"إن بَدا لى أن يُسَلِّمَها لَهُم فيُسَلِّمُها، وِإن بَدا له أن يَرتَجِعَها فهو أحَقُّ بها مِنهُم، فإن أسلَموا فلَهُم إسلامُهُم، وِإن لَم يُسلِموا قُوتِلوا على الإسلامِ\". وقال: إنَّ أبى شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ وهو عَريفُ الماءِ، وإِنَّه يَسألُكَ أن تَجعَلَ لِى العِرافَةَ بَعدَه. فقالَ: \"إن العِرافَةَ حَقٌّ، ولا بُدَّ لِلنّاسِ مِنَ العُرَفاءَ، ولَكِنَّ العُرَفاءَ في النّارِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2862>بابُ ما جاءَ في شِعارِ القَبائلِ ونِداءِ كُلِّ قَبلَةٍ بشِعارِها</span>\n\n١٣١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال (^٢): حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شِعارَ المُهاجِرينَ يَومَ بَدرٍ: يا بَنِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وشِعارَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٣٤). وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٤٢: سنده مجاهيل.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ز.","vol":"13","page":326},{"text":"الخَزرَجِ: يا بَنِى عبدِ اللَّهِ، وشِعارَ الأوسِ: يا بَنِى عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، وسَمَّى خَيلَه: يا خَيلَ اللَّهِ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ وقَد روِى مَوصولًا:\n\n١٣١٨٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النّاقِدُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ محمدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عِمرانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَبيبَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﷺ - قالَت: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شِعارَ المُهاجِرينَ يَومَ بَدرٍ (^٢) بَنِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، والأوسِ بَنِى عبدِ اللَّهِ، والخَزرَجِ بَنِى عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣١٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان شِعارُ المُهاجِرينَ (^٤) عبدَ اللَّهِ، وشِعارُ الأنصارِ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ (^٥).\n\n١٣١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٧٠.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"يا\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٦. وأخرجه الواقدى في المغازى ١/ ٧١ من طريق ابن أبى حبيبة عن داود بن الحصين عن عروة به، وفيه: شعار الخزرج: يا بنى عبد الله، وشعار الأوس: يا بنى عبيد الله.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"يا\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٥٩٥). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٥٨).","vol":"13","page":327},{"text":"عَمّارٍ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - زَمَنَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فكانَ شِعارُنا: أمِتْ أمِتْ (^١).\n\n١٣١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن المُهَلَّبِ بنِ أبى صُفرَةَ قال: أخبرَنِى مَن سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إن بُيِّتُّم فليَكُنْ شِعارُكُم: حَم لا يُنصَرونَ\" (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن المُهَلَّبِ بنِ أبى صُفرَةَ يَذكُرُ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ:\n\n١٣١٨٦ - أخبرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ المُهَلَّبَ بنَ أبى صُفرَةَ يَذكُرُ عن البَراءَ بنِ عازِبٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّكُم تَلقَونَ عَدوَّكُم غَدًا، فليَكُنْ شِعارُكُم: حَم لا يُنصَرونَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣١٨٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٢/ ١١٧ من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٩٧) عن محمد بن كثير به. والترمذى (١٦٨٢) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٦٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٦١، ١٠٤٥٣) من طريق شريك عن أبى إسحاق عن المهلب عن رجل من أصحاب النبي - ﷺ -.","vol":"13","page":328},{"text":"سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا يُنادِى في شِعارِه: يا حَرامُ يا حَرامُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا حَلالُ، حَلالُ\" (^١)\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ المُزَنِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2863>بابُ ما جاءَ في عَقدِ الألويَةِ والرّاياتِ</span>\n\n١٣١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، أن ثَعلَبَةَ بنَ أبى مالكٍ القُرَظِىَّ أخبَرَه، أن قَيسَ بنَ سَعدٍ الأنصارِىَّ -وكانَ صاحِبَ لِواءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ- أرادَ الحَجَّ فرَجَّلَ أحَدَ شِقَّىْ رأسِه، فقامَ غُلامٌ له فقَلَّدَ هَديَه، فنَظَرَ قَيسٌ وقَد رَجَّلَ أحَدَ شِقَّىْ رأسِه فإِذا هَديُه قَد قُلِّدَ، فأهَلَّ بالحَجِّ ولَم يُرَجِّلْ شِقَّ رأسِه الآخَرَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ عن اللَّيثِ مُختَصرًا إلَى قَولِه: فرَجَّلَ (^٤). وكانَ قَصدُه مِنَ الحديثِ ذِكرَ اللِّواءِ.\n\n١٣١٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٦٥) من طريق سفيان به، وفيه: جهينة. بدلًا من: مزينة. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٨/ ٥١: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ٣٤٧ (٨٨١) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٩٧٤).","vol":"13","page":329},{"text":"يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: كان علىٌّ - ﵁ - تَخَلَّفَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بخَيبَرَ وكانَ رَمِدًا، فقالَ: أنا أتَخَلَّفُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟! فخَرَجَ فلَحِقَ بالنَبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا كان مَساءُ اللَّيلَةِ التى فتَحَ اللَّهُ في صباحِها قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لأُعطيَنَّ الرّايَةَ. أو: لَيأخُذَنَّ الرّايَةَ -غَدًا رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّه اللَّهُ ورسولُه- أو قال: يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه -يَفتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَيه\". فإِذا نَحنُ بعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ -، وما نَرجوه، فقالوا: هذا علىٌّ - ﵁ -. فأعطاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الرّايَةَ ففَتَحَها اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بن سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانىُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِى نافِعُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ يقولُ لِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ - ﵄ -: يا أبا عبدِ الله هاهُنا أمَرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تَركُزَ الرّايَةَ؟ زادَ أبو كُرَيبٍ: يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٤٢٠٩) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٩٧٥، ٣٧٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٤٠٧/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٥٩، ٣٦٠. وأخرجه البخارى عقب (٤٢٨٠) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٩٧٦).","vol":"13","page":330},{"text":"١٣١٩١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِىِّ (^١)، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ يَرفَعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كان لِواؤُه يَومَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ أبيَضَ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على الحَسَنِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ وأنا أسمَعُ: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السّالَحانِىُّ (^٣)، عن يَزيدَ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مِجلَزٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كانَت راياتُ -أو قال: رايَةُ- رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَوداءَ، ولِواؤُه أبيَضَ (^٤).\n\n١٣١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ رَجُلٌ مِن ثَقيفٍ مَولَى محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ قال: بَعَثَنِى محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ إلَى البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ يَسألُه عن رايَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما كانَت؟ فقالَ: كانَت سَوداءَ مُرَبَّعَةً مِن نَمِرَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ضبطها في الأصل بسكون الهاء وفتحها. وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٥١٧.\n(^٢) الحا كم ٢/ ١٠٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٩٢)، والترمذى (١٦٧٩)، والنسائي (٢٨٦٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٨١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٧٤٣) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وقال الترمذى: غريب.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وقد تقدمت نسبته السيلحينى والسالحينى في غير موضع.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (١٦٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨١٨) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٥٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٢٧)، والترمذى (١٦٨٠) من طريق ابن أبى زائدة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٥٨) دون قوله: مربعة.","vol":"13","page":331},{"text":"١٣١٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه، عن آخَرَ مِنهُم قال: رأيتُ رايَةَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفراءَ (^١).\n\n١٣١٩٥ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: أوَّلُ رايَةٍ عُقِدَت في الإسلامِ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وهو في مَسجِدِ مِنًى فسألَه عن إرخاءِ طَرَفِ العِمامَةِ؟ فقالَ له ابنُ عُمَرَ: أُحَدِّثُكَ عنه إن شاءَ اللهُ بعِلمٍ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً وأمَّرَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - عَلَيها وعَقَدَ له لِواءً، فقالَ: \"خُذْه باسمِ اللَّهِ وبَرَكتِه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: وعَلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - عِمامَةٌ مِن كَرابيسَ (^٣) مَصبوغَةٍ بسَوادٍ، فدَعاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فحَلَّ عِمامَتَه ثُمَّ عَمَّمَه بيَدِه، وأفضَلَ عِمامَتَه مَوضِعَ أربَعِ أصابعَ أو نَحوِ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"هَكَذا فاعتَمَّ؛\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٩٣). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٥٧).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٣) كرابيس جمع كِرْباس، وهو القطن. النهاية ٤/ ١٦١.","vol":"13","page":332},{"text":"فإِنَّه أحسَن وأجمَلُ\" (^١). عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - على سَريَّةٍ وعَقَدَ (^٣) اللِّواءَ بيَدِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣١٩٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بُطَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىُّ قال: وكانَ النُّعمانُ بنُ مُقَرِّنٍ أحَدَ مَن حَمَلَ أحَدَ ألويَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وصاحِبَ لِواءِ مُزَينَةَ التى كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَقَدَها لَهُم يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ (^٥).\n\n١٣١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ رَشَدِ بنِ خُثَيمٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجودِ قال: قال الحارِثُ بنُ حَسّانَ البَكرِىُّ: انتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهو عَلى المِنبَرِ، وبِلالٌ قائمٌ مُتَقَلِّدٌ السَّيفَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٥٤). وأخرجه الخطيب في الجامع لأخلاق الراوى (٨٩٤) عن أبى بكر أحمد بن الحسن الحيرى به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٤٤: وأبوه ما لقى ابن عمر.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٧٥٣٠).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"له\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٢٦٠ من طريق عيسى به.\n(^٥) ينظر مغازى الواقدى ١/ ٨٠٠، ٨١٧.","vol":"13","page":333},{"text":"وإِذا راياتٌ سودٌ، والنّاسُ يَقولونَ: هذا عمرُو بنُ العاصِ قَد قَدِمَ (^١). هَكَذا رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ عن عاصِمٍ.\nورَواه سَلّامُ بنُ المُنذِرِ (^٢) عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ حَسّانَ، وقالَ في مَتنِه: فإِذا رايَةٌ سَوداءُ تَخفِقُ، فقُلتُ: ما شأنُ النّاسِ اليَومَ؟ قالوا: هذا رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - يُريدُ أن يَبعَثَ عمرَو ابنَ العاصِ وجهًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2864>بابُ السُّنَّةِ في كِتبَةِ (^٤) أسامِى أهلِ الفَئِ</span>\n\n١٣٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اكتُبوا لِى مَن لَفَظَ الإسلامَ مِنَ النّاسِ\". فكُتِبَتْ له ألفٌ وخَمسُمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، فقُلتُ: أنَخافُ ونَحنُ ألفٌ وخَمسُمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ؟ فلَقَد رأيتُنا ابتُلينا حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنّا يُصَلِّى وحدَه خائفًا (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٨١٦) من طريق ابن عياش به. وحنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٢٧٢).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٥٤٤. وفى مصادر التخريج: سلام بن سليمان أبو المنذر. وكذا أورده المصنف في (٢٠٢١١)، ولكن ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٣/ ٧٣، والمعافى بن زكريا في الجليس الصالح (٢٠٨١) ذكراه: سلام بن المنذر.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٥٤)، والترمذى (٣٢٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٠٧) من طريق سلام أبى المنذر به.\n(^٤) كتبة: مصدر كتب، ككتابة. التاج ٤/ ١٠٠ (ك ت ب).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٥٩)، ومسلم (١٤٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٢٩) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"13","page":334},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىِّ، قال: وقالَ أبو حَمزَةَ عن الأعمَشِ: فوَجَدناهُم خَمسَمِائَةٍ. وقالَ أبو مُعاويَةَ: ما بَينَ السِّتِّمِائَةِ إلَى سَبعِمِائَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2865>بابُ إعطاءِ الفَئِ على الدّيوانِ، ومَن تَقَعُ به البِدايةُ</span>\n\n١٣٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَوهَبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ مِن عِندِ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ بثَمانِمِائَةِ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ فقالَ لِى: بماذا قَدِمتَ؟ قُلتُ: قَدِمَتُ بثَمانِمِائَةِ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ. فقالَ: إنَّما قَدِمتَ بثَمانينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. قُلتُ: بَل قَدِمتُ بثَمانِمِائَةِ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ. قال: ألَم أقُلْ لَكَ: إنَّكَ يَمانٍ أحمَقُ؟ إنَّما قَدِمتَ بثَمانينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، فكَم ثَمانُمِائَةِ ألفٍ؟ فعَدَدتُ مِائَةَ ألفٍ ومِائَةَ ألفٍ حَتَّى عَدَدتُ ثَمانَمِائَةِ ألفٍ، قال: أطيِّبٌ؟ ويلَكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فباتَ عُمَرُ لَيلَتَه أرِقًا حَتَّى إذا نودِى بصَلاةِ الصُّبحِ قالَت له امرأتُه: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ما نِمتَ اللَّيلَةَ؟ قال: كَيفَ يَنامُ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وقَد جاءَ النّاسَ ما لَم يَكُنْ يأتيهِم مِثلُه مُنذُ كان الإسلامُ؟ فما يُؤمِنُ عُمَرَ لَو هَلَكَ وذَلِكَ المالُ عِندَه فلَم يَضَعْه في حَقَهِ؟ فلَمّا صَلَّى الصُّبحَ اجتَمَعَ إلَيه نَفَرٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٠٦٠).","vol":"13","page":335},{"text":"لَهُم: إنَّه قَد جاءَ النّاسَ اللَّيلَةَ ما لَم (^١) يأتِهِم مِثلُه مُنذُ كان الإسلامُ، وقَد رأيتُ رأيًا فأشيروا علىَّ، رأيتُ أن أكيلَ لِلنّاسِ بالمِكيالِ. فقالوا: لا تَفعَلْ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؛ إنَّ النّاسَ يَدخُلونَ في الإسلامِ ويَكثُرُ المالُ، ولَكِن أعطِهِم على كِتابٍ (^٢)، فكُلَّما كَثُرَ النّاسُ وكَثُرُ المالُ أعطَيتَهُم عَلَيه. قال: فأشيروا علىَّ بمَن أبدأُ مِنهُم؟ قالوا: بكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّكَ ولىُّ ذَلِكَ. ومِنهُم مَن قال: أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ أعلمُ. قال: لا ولَكِن أبدأُ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ الأقرَبِ فالأقرَبِ إلَيه. فوَضَعَ الدِّيوانَ على ذَلِكَ، قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: بَدأ بهاشِمٍ والمُطَّلِبِ فأعطاهُم جَميعًا، ثُمَّ أعطَى بَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ ثُمَّ بَنِى نَوفَلِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وإِنَما بَدأ ببَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ أنَّه كان أخا هاشِمٍ لأُمِّه. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: فأوَّلُ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ والمُطَّلِبِ في الدَّعوَةِ عبدُ المَلِكِ. فذَكَرَ في ذَلِكَ قِصَّةً (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - لما دَوَّنَ الدَّواوينَ فقالَ: بمَن تَرَونَ أن أبدأَ؟ فقيلَ له: ابدأْ بالأقرَبِ فالأقرَبِ بكَ. قال: بَل أبدأُ بالأقرَبِ فالأقرَبِ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"يكن\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"كتاب الله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٢٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٦٥ - ٤٦٧ وفيه: ابن المبارك عن عبيد الله ابن عبد الله بن موهب عن أبى هريرة.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠١٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٥٨.","vol":"13","page":336},{"text":"١٣٢٠٣ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنى غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ والصِّدق مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ ومَكَّةَ مِن قَبائلِ قُرَيشٍ ومِن غَيرِهِم، وكانَ بَعضهُم أحسَنَ اقتِصاصًا لِلحَديثِ مِن بَعضٍ، وقَد زادَ بَعضهُم على بَعضٍ في الحديثِ أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - لَمّا دَوَّنَ الدَّواوينَ قال: أبدأُ ببَنِى هاشِمٍ. ثُمَّ قال: حَضرْتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُعطيهِم وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ. فإِذا كانَت السِّنُّ في الهاشِمِىِّ قَدَّمَه على المُطَّلِبِىِّ، وإِذا كانَت في المُطَّلِبِىِّ قَدَّمَه على الهاشِمِىِّ، فوَضَعَ الدّيوانَ (^١) على ذَلِكَ وأعطاهُم عَطاءَ القَبيلَةِ الواحِدَةِ، ثُمَّ استَوَت له عبدُ شَمسٍ ونَوفَلٌ في جِذمِ النَّسَبِ (^٢)، فقالَ: عبدُ شَمسٍ إخوَةُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لأبيه وأُمِّه دونَ نَوفَلٍ. فقَدَّمَهُم، ثُمَّ دَعا بَنِى نَوفَلٍ يَتلونَهُم، ثُمَّ استَوَت له عبدُ العُرى وعَبدُ الدّارِ، فقالَ في بَنِى أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى: أصهارُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وفيهِم أنَّهُم مِنَ المُطَيِّبينَ. وقالَ بَعضهُم: هُم حِلفٌ مِنَ الفُضولِ، وفيهِما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وقَد قيلَ: ذَكَرَ سابِقَةً فقَدَّمَهُم على بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ. ثُمَّ دَعا بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ يَتلونَهُم، ثُمَّ انفَرَدَت له زُهرَةُ فدَعاها تَتلو عبدَ الدّارِ، ثُمَّ استَوَت له تَيمٌ ومَخزومُ، فقالَ في بَنِى تَيمٍ: إنَّهُم مِن حِلفِ الفُضولِ والمُطَيِّبينَ، وفيهِما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وقيلَ: ذَكَرَ سابِقَةً. وقيلَ: ذَكَرَ صهرًا، فقَدَّمَهُم على مَخزومَ، ثُمَّ دَعا مَخزومَ يَتلونَهُم، ثُمَّ استَوَت\n_________\n(^١) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"الدواوين\".\n(^٢) جذم النسب: أصله، والجذم الأصل. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٩٧.","vol":"13","page":337},{"text":"له سَهمُ وجُمَحُ وعَدِىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ، فقيلَ له: ابدأْ بَعدِىٍّ. فقالَ: بَل أُقِرُّ نَفسِى حَيثُ كُنتُ، فإِنَّ الإسلامَ دَخَلَ وأمرُنا وأمرُ بَنِى سَهمٍ واحِدٌ، ولَكِنِ انظُروا بَنِى جُمَحَ وسَهمًا. فقيلَ: قَدِّمْ بَنِى جُمَحَ. ثُمَّ دَعا بَنِى سَهمٍ، وكانَ ديوانُ عَدِىٍّ وسَهمٍ مُختَلِطًا كالدَّعوَةِ الواحِدَةِ، فلَمّا خَلَصَت إلَيه دَعوَتُه كَبَّرَ تكبيرَةً عاليَةً، ثُمَّ قال: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى أوصَلَ إلَىَّ حَظِّى مِن رسولِه. ثُمَّ دَعا بَنِى عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَىٍّ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فقالَ بَعضُهُم: إنَّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الجَرّاحِ الفِهرِىَّ لَمّا رأى مَن يَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَيه قال: أكُلَّ هَؤُلاءِ تَدعو أمامِى؟ فقالَ: يا أبا عُبَيدَةَ اصبِرْ كما صَبَرتُ أو كَلِّمْ قَومَكَ، فمَن قَدَّمَكَ مِنهُم على نَفسِه لَم أمنَعْه، فأمّا أنا وبَنو عَدِىٍّ فنُقَدِّمُكَ إن أحبَبتَ على أنفُسِنا. قال: فقَدَّمَ مُعاويَةُ بعدُ بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ فِهرٍ، فصَلَ بهِم بَينَ بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ وأسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى. وشَجَرَ بَينَ بَنِى سَهمٍ وعَدِيٍّ شَيءٌ في زَمانِ المَهدِىِّ فافتَرَقوا، فأمَرَ المَهدِىُّ ببَنِى عَدِىٍّ فقُدِّموا على سَهمٍ وجُمَحَ لِلسّابِقَةِ فيهِم (^١).\n\n١٣٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيْسانِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَمّارٍ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ اصطَفَى بَنِى كِنانَةَ مِن بَنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠١٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٥٨.","vol":"13","page":338},{"text":"إسماعيلَ، واصطَفَى مِن بَنِى كِنانَةَ قُرَيشًا، واصطَفَى مِن قُرَيشٍ بَنِى هاشِمٍ، واصطَفانِى مِن بَنِى هاشمٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والبِدايَةُ في العَطاءِ إنَّما وقَعَت ببَنِى هاشِمٍ لِقُربِهِم مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؛ فإِنَّه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ هاشِمِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافِ بنِ قُصىِّ بنِ كِلابِ بنِ مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَىِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ النَّضرِ ابنِ كِنانَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ مُدرِكَةَ بنِ إلياسَ بنِ مُضَرَ بنِ نِزارِ بنِ مَعَدِّ بنِ عَدنانَ ابنِ أدِّ بنِ المُقَوِّمِ (^٣) بنِ ناحُورَ بنِ تارَحَ بنِ يَعرُبَ -بنِ يَشجُبَ بنِ نابِتِ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ آزَرَ- وهو في التَّوراةِ: تارَحَ بنِ ناحُورَ بنِ أرعَوَا بنِ شارخ بنِ فالِخَ بنِ غابَرَ (^٤) بنِ شالِخَ - بنِ أَرْفَخْشَدَ (^٥) بنِ سامِ بنِ نوحِ بنِ لَمَكَ ابنِ مُتَوَشلِخَ بنِ أخنوخَ بنِ بُردِ بنِ مَهلائيلَ بنِ قَمْعانَ بنِ قَوشِ بنِ شيثِ بنِ آدَمَ (^٦) أبى البَشَرِ ﷺ وعَلَى أنبياءِ اللَّهِ ﷿.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٨٦)، والترمذى (٣٦٠٥، ٣٦٠٦)، وابن حبان (٦٢٤٢، ٦٣٣٣، ٦٤٧٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٧٦/ ١).\n(^٣) في س: \"القوم\".\n(^٤) في م: \"عابر\".\n(^٥) في ص ٦، س: \"أرفخشذ\".\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: في هذه الأسماء اختلاف كثير، وهذا الضبط اتبعت فيه المصنف. وقد قابلته بنيسابور بخطه في أصله بالمغازى لابن إسحاق ومنه نقل إلى ما هاهنا، وهو يرويه أجمع بهذا الإسناد الذى ذكره\". اهـ. وينظر فتح البارى ٦/ ٣٧٢، وعمدة القارى ١٥/ ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨.","vol":"13","page":339},{"text":"١٣٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَ هذا النَّسَبَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِهرُ بنُ مالكٍ أصلُ قُرَيشٍ في أقاويلِ أكثَرِهِم، فبَنو هاشِمٍ يَجمَعُهُم أبُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الثالِثُ، وسائرُ قُرَيشٍ يَجمَعُ بَعضَهُمُ الأبُ الرّابعُ عبدُ مَنافٍ، وبَعضَهُمُ الأبُ الخامِسُ قُصَىٌّ، وهَكَذا إلَى فِهرِ بنِ مالكٍ، فلِذَلِكَ وقَعَتِ البِدايَةُ ببَنِى هاشِمٍ.\n\n١٣٢٠٦ - وإِنَّما جَمَعَ بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ ابنَى عبدِ مَنافٍ في العَطيَّةِ لِما رُوِّينا فيما تَقَدَّمَ عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: لَمّا قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَهمَ ذَوِى القُربَى مِن خَيبَرَ على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ مَشَيتُ أنا وعُثمانُ بنُ عَفانَ - ﵁ -، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَؤُلاءِ إخوَتُكَ (^٢) بَنو هاشِمٍ لا نُنكِرُ فضلَهُم؛ لِمَكانِكَ الَّذِى جَعَلَكَ اللَّهُ به مِنهُم، أرأيتَ إخوانَنا مِن بَنِى المُطَّلِبِ أعطَيتَهُم وتَرَكتَنا، وإِنَّما نَحنُ وهُم مِنكَ بمَنزِلٍ واحِدٍ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّهُم لَم يُفارِقونا في جاهِليَّةٍ ولا إسلامٍ، إنما بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَنو المُطلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\". ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدَيه إحداهُما في الأُخرَى. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ١٧٩ باختلاف. وأخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٥ من طريق يونس ابن بكير به.\n(^٢) في م: \"إخوانك\".","vol":"13","page":340},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٣٢٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هاشِمٌ والمُطلِبُ كَهاتَينِ\". وضَمَّ أصابِعَه وشَبَّكَ بَينَ أصابِعِه، \"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَهُما، رَبَّونا صِغارًا وحَمَلناهُم كبارًا\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما تَكَلَّمَ فيه عثمانُ وجُبَيرٌ - ﵄ -؛ لأنَّ عثمانَ هو ابنُ عَفّانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وجُبَيرٌ هو ابنُ مُطعِمِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ نَوفَلِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وهاشِمٌ والمُطلِبُ وعَبدُ شَمسٍ ونَوفَلٌ كانوا إخوَةً؛ فأعطَى سَهمَ ذِى القُربَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنى المُطَّلِبِ دونَ بَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ وبَنِى نَوفَلٍ، وقالَ: \"إنَّهُم لَم يُفارِقونِى في جاهِليَّةٍ ولا إسلامٍ، وِإنَّما بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَنو المُطَّلِبِ شَيءٌ واحِدٌ\". وفِى الرِّوايَةِ المُرسَلَةِ: \"رَبَّونا صِغارًا وحَمَلناهُم -أو قال: وحَمَلونا- كِبارًا\". وإِنَّما قال ذَلِكَ واللهُ أعلمُ لأنَّ هاشِمَ بنَ عبدِ مَنافٍ تَزَوَّجَ سَلمَى بنتَ عمرِو بنِ لَبيدِ بنِ حَرامٍ مِن بَنِى النَّجّارِ بالمَدينَةِ، فوَلَدَت له شَيبَةَ الحَمدِ ثُمَّ توُفِّى هاشِمٌ وهو مَعَها، فلَمّا أيفَعَ وتَرَعرَعَ خَرَجَ إلَيه عَمُّه المُطَّلِبُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٠٨٥).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٦٧.","vol":"13","page":341},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ مَنافٍ فأخَذَه مِن أُمِّه وقَدِمَ به مَكَّةَ وهو مُردِفُه على راحِلَتِه، فقيلَ: عبدٌ مَلَكَه المُطَّلِبُ. فغَلَبَ عَلَيه ذَلِكَ الاسمُ، فقيلَ: عبدُ المُطَّلِبِ. وحينَ بُعِثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالرِّسالَةِ آذاه قَومُه وهَمّوا به، فقامَت بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَنو المُطَّلِبِ مُسلِمُهُم وكافِرُهُم دونَه وأبَوا أن يُسلِموه، فلَمّا عَرَفَت قُرَيشٌ أن لا سَبيلَ إلَى محمدٍ - ﷺ - مَعَهُم اجتَمَعوا على أن يَكتُبوا فيما بَينَهُم على بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطلِبِ: ألا يُنكِحوهُم، ولا يَنكِحوا إلَيهِم، ولا يُبايِعوهُم، ولا يَبتاعوا مِنهُم. وعَمَدَ أبو طالِبٍ فأدخَلَهُمُ الشِّعبَ شِعبَ أبى طالِبٍ في ناحيَةٍ مِن مَكَّةَ، وأقامَت قُرَيشٌ على ذَلِكَ مِن أمرِهِم في بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطلِبِ سَنَتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا حَتَّى جُهِدوا جَهدًا شَديدًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى برَحمَتِه أرسَلَ على صَحيفَةِ قُرَيشٍ الأرَضَةَ (^١)، فلَم تَدَعْ فيها اسمًا للهِ إلا أكَلَته وبَقِى فيها الظُّلمُ والقَطيعَةُ والبُهتانُ، وأَخبَرَ بذَلِكَ رسولَه، وأخبَرَ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أبا طالِبٍ، واستَنصَرَ به أبو طالِبٍ على قَومِه، وقامَ هِشامُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ رَبيعَةَ في جَماعَةٍ ذَكَرَهُمُ ابنُ إسحاقَ في \"المغازى\" (^٢) بنَقضِ ما في الصَّحيفَةِ وشَقِّها، فلِذَلِكَ جَمَعَ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطاب - ﵁ - في سائرِ الأَعطيَةِ (^٣) بَينَ بَنِى هاشِمٍ وبَنِى المُطَّلِبِ، وقَدَّمَهُما على بَنى عبدِ شَمسٍ وبَنِى نَوفَلٍ، وإِنَّما وقَعَتِ البِدايَةُ ببَنِى عبدِ شَمسٍ قبلَ بنى نَوفَلٍ لأنَ هاشِمًا والمُطلِبَ وعَبدَ شَمسٍ كانوا إخوَةً\n_________\n(^١) الأرضة: دودة بيضاء شبه النملة منها كبار وهى آفة الخشب خاصة، ومنها ضرب مثل كبار النمل ذوات أجنحة، وهى آفة كل شئ. المحكم ٨/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) ينظر سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٣) في م: \"العطية\".","vol":"13","page":342},{"text":"لأبٍ وأُمٍّ وأُمُّهُم عاتِكَةُ بنتُ مُرة، ونَوفَلٌ كان أخاهُم لأبيهِم وأُمُّه واقِدَةُ بنتُ حَرمَلٍ، وعَبدُ مَنافٍ وعَبدُ العُزَّى وعَبدُ الدّارِ بَنو قُصَىٍّ كانوا إخوَةً، والبِدايَةُ بَعدُ ببَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ، وَإنَّما وقَعَت ببَنِى عبدِ العُزَّى؛ لأنَّها كانَت قَبيلَةَ خَديجَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فإِنَّها خَديجَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدِ بنِ أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى، قال: وفيهِم أنَّهُم مِنَ المُطَيِّبينَ.\n\n١٣٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى النَّيسابورِىُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"شَهِدتُ غُلامًا حِلفَ المُطَيبينَ، فما أحِبُّ أن أنكُثَه وأنّ لِى حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٢٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا الأديبُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبّانِى، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ المُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ اليَشكُرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"شَهِدتُ مَعَ عُمومَتِى\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٢١٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبَرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٥) عن بشر بن المفضل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٣٧٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٨/ ١٧٢: ورجال حديث عبد الرحمن بن عوف رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":343},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سعيدٍ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"ما شَهِدتُ حِلفًا إلَّا حِلفَ قُرَيش مِن حِلفِ المُطَيّبينَ، وما أحب أن لِى به حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ وأنى كُنتُ نَقَضتُه\". والمُطَيِّبونَ: هاشِمٌ وأُمَيةُ وزُهرَة ومَخزوم (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: لا أدرِى هذا التَّفسيرُ مِن قَولِ أبي هريرةَ أو مَن دونه. قال الشَّيخُ: وبَلَغَنِى أنه إنَّما قيلَ حِلف المُطَيِّبينَ لأنَّهُم غَمَسوا أيديَهُم في طيبٍ يَومَ تَحالَفوا وتَصافَقوا بأيمانِهِم، وذَلِكَ حينَ وقَعَ التَّنازُعُ بَينَ بَنِى عبدِ مَناف وبَنِى عبدِ الدَّارِ؛ فيما كان بأيديهِم مِنَ السِّقايَةِ والحِجابَةِ والرِّفادَةِ واللِّواءِ والنَّدوَةِ، فكانَ بَنو أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى في جَماعَةٍ مِن قَبائلِ قُرَيشٍ تبَعًا لِبَنِى عبدِ منافٍ، فكانَ لَهُم بذَلِكَ شَرَفٌ وفَضيلَةٌ وصَنيعَةٌ في بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ، وقَد سَماهُم محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، فقالَ: المُطَيِّبونَ (^٢) مِن قَبائلِ قُرَيشٍ؛ بَنو عبدِ مناف هاشِمٌ والمُطلِبُ وعَبدُ شَمسٍ ونَوفَل، وبَنو زُهرَةَ، وبَنو أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى، وبَنو تَيمٍ، وبَنو الحارِثِ بنِ فِهرٍ خَمسُ قَبائلَ (^٣).\nقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ: وقالَ بَعضُهُم: هُم حِلفٌ مِنَ الفُضولِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٧٤) من طريق المعلى بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) في ز: \"الطيبون\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٥/ ١٧٥.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٥٨. وتقدم في (١٣٢٠٣).","vol":"13","page":344},{"text":"عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ بنِ قُنفُذٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"لَقَد شهِدتُ في دارِ عبدِ الله بنِ جُدعانَ حِلفًا، ما أُحِبُّ أن لِى به حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ، ولو أُدعَى به في الإسلامِ لأجبتُ\" (^١). قال القُتَيبِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: وكانَ سَبَبُ الحِلفِ أن قُرَيشًا كانَت تَتَظالَمُ بالحَرَمِ، فقامَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جُدعانَ والزُّبَيرُ بنُ عبدِ المُطلِبِ، فدَعَواهُم إلَى التَّحالُفِ على التَّناصُرِ والأخذِ لِلمَظلومِ مِنَ الظّالِمِ، فأجابَهُما بَنو هاشِمٍ وبَعضُ القَبائلِ مِن قُرَيشٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد سَمّاهُمُ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: بَنو هاشِمِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وبَنو المُطلِبِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ، وبَنو أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى بنِ قُصَىٍّ، وبَنو زُهرَةَ بنِ كِلابٍ، وبَنو تَيمِ بنِ مُرة (^٣).\nقال القُتَيبِيُّ: فتَحالَفوا في دارِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جُدعانَ فسَمَّوا ذَلِكَ الحِلفَ حِلفَ الفُضولِ؛ تَشبيهًا له بحِلفٍ كان بمَكَّةَ أيّامَ جُرهُمَ على التَّناصُفِ والأخذِ لِلضعيفِ مِنَ القَوِى ولِلغَريبِ مِنَ القاطِنِ؛ قامَ به رِجالٌ مِن جُرهُمَ يُقالُ لَهُم: الفَضلُ بنُ الحارِثِ، والفَضلُ بنُ وداعَةَ، والفُضَيلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، فقيلَ: حِلفُ الفُضولِ؛ جَمعًا لأسماءِ هَؤُلاءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق- كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه الطبري في تهذيبْ الآثار (٢ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) المعارف ص ٦٠٤. وقول المصنف: القتيبى. يعني به ابن قتيبة.\n(^٣) ينظر سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ١٣٣.\n(^٤) المعارف ص ٦٠٤.","vol":"13","page":345},{"text":"وقال غَيرُ القُتَيبِيِّ في أسماءِ هَؤُلاءِ: فضلٌ وفَضالٌ وفُضَيلٌ وفَضالَةُ. قال القُتَيبِى: والفُضولُ جَمعُ فضلٍ، كما يُقالُ: سَعد وسُعودٌ وزيد وزُيودٌ. والَّذِى في حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ حِلف المُطيِّبينَ. قال القُتَيبِيُّ: أحسِبُه أرادَ حِلفَ الفُضولِ؛ لِلحَديثِ الآخَرِ، ولأنَّ المُطَيبينَ هُمُ الَّذينَ عَقَدوا حِلفَ الفُضولِ، قال: وأىُّ فضلٍ يَكونُ في مِثلِ التحالُفِ الأوَّلِ فيَقولُ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما أحِبُّ أن أنكُثه وأنَّ لِي حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ\". ولَكنه أرادَ حِلفَ الفُضولِ الَّذِى عَقَدَه المُطَيِّبونَ. قال محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ: قال بَعضُ أهلِ المَعرِفَةِ بالسّيَرِ وأيّامِ النّاسِ: إن قَولَه في هذا الحديثِ: حِلف المُطَيِّبينَ. غَلَطٌ؛ إنَّما هو حِلف الفُضولِ، وذَلِكَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لَم يُدرِكْ حِلفَ المُطَيِّبينَ؛ لأنَّ ذَلِكَ كان قَديمًا قبلَ أن يولَدَ بزَمانٍ، وأمَّا السابِقَةُ التى ذَكَرَها فيُشبِهُ أن يُريدَ بها سابِقَةَ خَديجَةَ -﵂- إلَى الإسلامِ، فإِنَّها أوَّلُ امرأةٍ أسلَمَت.\n\n١٣٢١٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أُسامَةَ الحَلَبِى، حدثنا حَجَّاجُ بنُ أبي مَنيعٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كانَت خَديجَةُ -﵂- أوَّلَ مَن آمَنَ برسولِ الله -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٣٢١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبَرَنا صدَقَةُ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٨٤. وأخرجه الدولابى في الذرية الطاهرة (١٦) عن أبي عبد الله بن أسامة به.","vol":"13","page":346},{"text":"سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"خَيرُ نِسائها مَريَمُ بنتُ عِمرانَ، وخَيرُ نِسائها خَديجَةُ بنتُ خوَيلدٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ الحَنظَلِىِّ عن عبدَةَ (^٢).\nويُشبِهُ أن يُريدَ بالسّابِقَةِ سابِقَةَ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ؛ فإِنَّه الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ بنِ خوَيلِدِ بنِ أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى بنِ قُصَىٍّ مِمَّن تَقَدَّمَ إسلامُه:\n\n١٣٢١٤ - حدثنا بهَذا النَّسَبِ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علاثَةَ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ الحَرّانِى، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: أسلَمَ الزُّبَيرُ وهو ابنُ ثَمانِ سِنينَ. قال عُروَةُ: ونُفِحَت نَفحَةٌ مِنَ الشيطانِ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُخِذَ بأعلَى مَكَّةَ، فخَرَجَ الزُّبَيرُ وهو غُلام ابنُ اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ سنةً ومَعَه السَّيفُ، فمَن رآه مِمَّن لا يَعرِفُه قال: الغُلامُ مَعَه السَّيفُ. حَتَّى أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما لَكَ يا زُبَيرُ؟ \". قال: أُخبِرتُ أنَّكَ أُخِذتَ. قال: \"فكُنتَ صانِعًا ماذا؟ \". قال: كُنتُ أضرِبُ به مَن أخَذَكَ. قال: فدَعا له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٧٧) من طريق عبدة به. وأحمد (١٢١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٥٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٨١٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٣٠).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٥٩. وأخرجه الطبراني (٢٢٠) عن أبي علاثة محمد بن عمرو به مختصرًا.","vol":"13","page":347},{"text":"ولِسَيفِه، وكانَ أوَّلَ سَيف سُل في سَبيلِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ عُبَيدُ الله بنُ أبي قُتَيبَةَ الغَنَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ موسَى الحَمّارُ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ- يَومَ الأحزابِ: \"مَن يأتينى بخَبَرِ القَومِ؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يأتينى بخَبَرِ القَومِ؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يأتينِى بخَبَرِ القَومِ؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيَّ حَوارِىَّ (^٢)، وإِنَّ حَوارىَّ الزُّبَيرُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارى في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجه آخَرَ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٢١٧ - ورَواه هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"الزُّبَيرُ ابنُ عَمَّتِى وحَوارى مِن أهلِى\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٨/ ٣٤٤ من طريق المصنف به في ١٨/ ٣٤٤ من طريق القطان به. والحاكم ٣/ ٣٦٠ من طريق الليث به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وفى المصادر: \"حواريا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٣٦)، والترمذي (٣٧٤٥) من طريق أبي نعيم به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢١١، ٨٨٤١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٢) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٤٦)، ومسلم (٢٤١٥).","vol":"13","page":348},{"text":"حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\nويُشبِهُ أن يُريدَ بهَذِه السّابِقَةِ صَبرَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- مَعَ جَماعَةٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ، ومُبايَعَتَهُم إيّاه على المَوتِ:\n\n١٣٢١٨ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ العَبدِىُّ، أخبَرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن البَهِىِّ، عن عُروَةَ قال: قالَت لِى عائشَةُ -﵂-: يا بُنَى إنَّ أباكَ مِنَ الَّذينَ استَجابوا للهِ والرَّسولِ مِن بَعدِ ما أصابَهُمُ القَرْحُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: يا ابنَ أُختِى كان أبَواكَ -تَعنِى الزُّبَيرَ وأبا بكرٍ ﵄- مِنَ الَّذينَ استَجابوا للهِ والرَّسولِ مِن بَعدِ ما أصابَهُمُ القَرْحُ. قالَت: لَمّا انصَرَفَ المُشرِكونَ مِن أُحُدٍ وأصابَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وأصحابَه ما أصابَهُم، خافَ أن يَرجِعوا، فقالَ: \"مَن يَنتَدِبُ لِهَؤُلاءِ في آثارِهِم حَتى يَعلَموا أن بنا قوَّةً؟ \". قال: فانتَدَبَ أبو بكرٍ والزُّبَيرُ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٢١٢) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤١٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٦٣. وأخرجه مسلم (٢٤١٨/ ٥٢) من طريق إسماعيل به، وفيه: كان أبواك. بدلًا من: يا بنى إن أباك.","vol":"13","page":349},{"text":"سبعينَ فخَرَجوا في آثارِ القَومِ، فسَمِعوا بهِم وانصرَفوا بنِعمَةٍ مِنَ اللهِ وفَضل. قال: لَم يَلقَوا عَدوًّا (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\nوأمَّا زُهرَةُ فإِنَّه كان أخًا لِقُصَىِّ بنِ كِلابٍ، ومِن أولادِه مِنَ العَشَرَةِ [عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ] (^٣) وسَعدُ بنُ أبي وقّاص:\n\n١٣٢٢٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ فيمَن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن بَنِى زُهرَةَ بنِ كِلابِ بنِ مُرَّة؛ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفِ [بنِ عبدِ عَوفِ] (^٤) بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ زُهرَةَ، وسَعدُ بنُ أبي وقّاصِ بنِ وهَيبِ (^٥) بنِ عبدِ مَنافِ بنِ زُهرَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٣٢٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُدعانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٣١٢. وأخرجه مسلم (٢٤١٨/ ٥١)، وابن ماجه (١٢٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٧٧).\n(^٣) في ز: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٤) ليس في: ز.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٦، ز: \"وهب\". وينظر أسد الغابة ٢/ ٣٦٦، والإصابة ٤/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني (٢٥٦) -وعنه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ١/ ١٣٠ (٤٥٣) - عن أبي علاثة محمد ابن عمرو بن خالد به. وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٥/ ٢٥٥ من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع (١٤٨٨٦) (ط. دار الفكر) في إسناد الطبراني: وهو مرسل حسن الإسناد.","vol":"13","page":350},{"text":"جاءَ سَعدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبي وقّاصٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: مَن أنا يا رسولَ الله؟ قال: \"سَعدُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ وُهَيبِ (^١) بنِ عبدِ مَنافِ بنِ زُهرَةَ، مَن قال غَيرَ هذا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللهِ\" (^٢).\nوأمَّا تَيم فإِنَّه كان أخًا لِكِلابٍ، وأمَّا مَخزوم فإِنَّه لَم يَكُن أخًا لَهُما، وإِنَّما هو مَخزومُ بنُ يَقظَةَ بنِ مُرَّةَ، إلَّا أن القَبيلَةَ اشتَهَرَت بمَخزومٍ فنُسِبَت إلَيه، وإِنَّما قَدَّمَ بَنِى تَيمٍ على بَنِى مَخزومٍ لأنَهُم كانوا مِن حِلفِ الفُضولِ والمُطَيِّبينَ. وقيلَ: ذَكَرَ سابِقَةً. يُريدُ سابِقَةَ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁-؛ فإِنَّه أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ كَعبِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ تَيمِ بنِ مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَىِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ.\n\n١٣٢٢٢ - حَدَّثَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أُسامَةَ الحَلَبِى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أبي مَنيعٍ، عن جَدِّه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَ هذا النَّسَبَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبَرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أبي مَنيعٍ، عن جَدِّه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه إلا أنَّه قال: عَتيق. بَدَلَ: عبدُ الله. ثُمَّ قال: وعَتيق لَقَبٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦، ز: \"وهب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ١٣٧، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢١٠)، والبزار (١٠٧٣)، والطبراني (٢٨٩)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٠/ ٢٨٥ من طريق ابن عيينة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ١٥٣: رواه الطبراني والبزار مسندًا ومرسلًا ورجال المسند وثقوا.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٦١.","vol":"13","page":351},{"text":"واسمُه عبدُ الله (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وهو أوَّلُ مَن أسلَمَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ الأحرارِ.\n\n١٣٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُجالِدٍ، عن بَيانٍ، عن وبَرَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ يقولُ: لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وما مَعَه إلَّا خَمسَةُ أعبُدٍ وامرأتانِ وأبو بكرٍ -﵁- (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الله عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ، حدثنا النَضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمارٍ، حدثنا شَدادُ ابنُ عبدِ الله أبو عَمارٍ ويَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِىُّ. فذَكَرَ دُخولَه على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ قال: فقُلتُ له: ما أنتَ؟ قال: \"أُدعَى نَبيًّا\". فقُلتُ: وما نَبِيٌّ؟ قال: \"أرسَلَنى اللهُ ﵎\". فقلتُ: بأيِّ شَئٍ أرسَلَكَ؟ فقالَ: \"أرسَلَنِى بصِلَةِ الأرحامِ وكَسرِ الأوثانِ، وأن يوَحَّدَ لا يُشرَكَ به شَيئًا\". قُلتُ له: فمَن مَعَكَ؟ قال: \"حُرّ وعَبدٌ\". قال: ومَعَه يَومَئذٍ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٥)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٠/ ٢٢ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٩٣.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٥٧).","vol":"13","page":352},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ وبِلالٌ مِمَّن آمَنَ بهِ (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن النَّضرِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبَرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ، عن رَجُلٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ: مَن أوَّلُ مَن آمَنَ؟ فقالَ: أبو بكرٍ -﵁-، أما سَمِعتَ قَولَ حَسّانَ:\nإذا تَذَكَّرتَ شَجوًا مِن أخِى ثِقَةٍ ... فاذكُر أخاكَ أبا بكرٍ بما فعَلا\nخَيرَ البَرِيَّةِ أوفاهَا وأعدَلَها ... بعدَ النَّبِى وأَولَاها بما حَمَلا\nوالتّالِىَ الثّانِىَ المَحمودَ مَشهَدُهُ ... وأوَّلَ النّاسِ مِنهُم صَدَّقَ الرسُلا\nعاشَ حَمِيدًا لأمرِ اللهِ مُتَّبِعًا ... بهَدىِ صاحِبِه الماضِى وما انتَقَلا (^٣)\nقال الشَّيخُ: ويشبِهُ أن يُريدَ بالسّابِقَةِ في بَنِى تَيمٍ صَبرَ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ -﵁- في جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ، مِنهُم طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ -﵁- وهو أيضًا تَيمِيٌّ؛ فإِنَّه طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ تَيمِ بنِ مُرة.\n\n١٣٢٢٧ - حدثنا بهَذا النَّسَبِ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٤٤٤٢) مطولًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (٨٣٢).\n(^٣) ديوان حسان بن ثابت ص ٢١١، ٢١٢.","vol":"13","page":353},{"text":"عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه الزهرِىُّ وغَيرُه صَبْرَ طَلحَةَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَومَ أُحُدٍ، ورَمَى مالكُ بنِ زُهَيرٍ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ، فاتَّقَى طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله بيَدِه وجهَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأصابَ خِنصرَه فشَلَّت. ذَكَرَه الواقِدِىُّ بإِسنادِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ الله، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: رأيتُ يَدَ طَلحَةَ التى وقَى بها النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَد شَلَّت (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٢٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بن عَبادِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن جَده، عن الزُّبَيرِ قال: قَد رأيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- حينَ ذَهَبَ ليَنهَضَ إلَى الصَّخرَةِ، وكانَ رسول الله -ﷺ- قَد ظاهَرَ بَينَ دِرعَينِ يَومَئذٍ، فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يَنهَضَ إلَيها،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٦٨. وأخرجه الطبراني (١٨٩)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ١/ ١١٠ (٣٦٠) من طريق محمد بن عمرو أبي علاثة به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٩/ ١٤٨ في إسناد الطبراني: وهو مرسل حسن.\n(^٢) مغازى الواقدي ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٢٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٨١) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٧٢٤).","vol":"13","page":354},{"text":"فجَلَسَ طَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ تَحتَه، فنَهَضَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- حتَّى استَوَى عَلَيها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوجَبَ طَلحَةُ\" (^١).\nوذَكَرَ ابنُ إسحاقَ أن طَلحَةَ مِنَ الثَّمانيَةِ الَّذينَ سَبَقوا النّاسَ بالإسلامِ (^٢).\nوأمَّا المُصاهَرَةُ التى ذَكَرَها في بَنِى تَيمٍ فهِىَ مِن جِهَةِ عائشةَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵄- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَبيبَةِ حَبيبِ اللهِ ﷿:\n\n١٣٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ وأبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِىُّ قالا: حدثنا السَّرِىُّ ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ العاصِ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه على جَيشِ ذاتِ السَّلاسِلِ قال: فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: أىّ النّاسِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ؟ فقالَ: \"عائشةُ\". فقُلتُ: مِنَ الرِّجالِ؟ قال: \"فأبوها\". فقُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ فقالَ: \"عمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ\". قال: فعَدَّدَ رِجالًا (^٣). رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلى بنِ أسَدٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٣٨، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٥. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٦٩٢، ٣٧٣٨) من طريق يونس به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث محمد بن إسحاق.\n(^٢) سيرة ابن إسحاق (١٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨١١)، والترمذي (٣٨٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١١٧)، وابن حبان (٦٨٨٥) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وابن حبان (٦٩٠٠) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وسيأتى في (١٤٨٦٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٦٦٢)، مسلم (٢٣٨٤).","vol":"13","page":355},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال لِفاطِمَةَ -﵂-: \"ألَستِ تُحِبينَ ما أحِبُّ؟ \". قالَت: بَلَى. قال: \"فأحِبِّى هذه\". يُريدُ عائشةَ -﵂- (^١). وقالَ لأُمَ سلمةَ: \"لا تُؤذيني في عائشةَ، فإِنَّه واللهِ ما نَزَلَ علىَّ الوَحى وأنا في لِحافِ امرأة مِنكُنَّ غَيرَها\" (^١).\nوأمَّا عَدِى بنُ كَعبٍ فإِنَّه كان أخًا لِمُرةَ بنِ كَعبٍ. وأمَّا سَهمٌ وجُمَحُ فإِنَّهُما ابنا عمرِو بنِ هُصَيصِ بنِ كَعبٍ، إلا أن القَبيلَةَ اشتَهَرَت بهِما فنُسِبَت إلَيهِما.\nوإِنَّما قَدمَ بَنِى جُمَحَ قيلَ: لأجلِ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ خَلَفِ بنِ وهبِ بنِ حُذافَةَ بنِ جُمَحَ، وما كان مِنه يَومَ حُنَينٍ مِن إعارَةِ السِّلاحِ، وقَولِه حينَ قال أبو سُفيانَ وكَلَدَةُ ما قالا: فضَّ اللهُ فاكَ، فواللَّهِ لأن يَرُبَّنِى رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ أحَب إلَىَّ مِن أن يَرُبنى رَجُل مِن هَوازِنَ. وهو يَومَئذٍ مُشرِكٌ، ثُمَّ إنَّه أسلَمَ وهاجَرَ. وقيلَ: إنَّما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ -﵁- قَصدًا إلَى تأخيرِ حَقِّه، فإِنَّه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ بنِ نُفَيلِ بنِ عبدِ العُزى بنِ رِياحِ (^٢) بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ قُرطِ بنِ رَزاحِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَى بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ.\n\n١٣٢٣١ - حدثنا بهَذا النسَبِ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) هما طرفان من حديث سيأتى مسندًا بتمامه في (١٤٨٦٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"رباح\". وفى حاشية ز: \"قال شيخنا: رياح بالياء المثناة من تحت، وقيل: رباح بالباء الموحدة. والله أعلم\" اهـ. وينظر أسد الغابة ٤/ ١٤٥، وتهذيب الأسماء واللغات (الجزء الثاني من القسم الأول ص ٣)، والإصابة ٧/ ٣١٢.","vol":"13","page":356},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن جَدِّه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^١). فآثَرَهُم عُمَرُ -﵁- على قَبيلَتِه، فلَمّا كان زَمَنُ المَهدِىِّ أمَرَ المَهدِىُّ ببَنِى عَدِىٍّ فقُدِّموا على سَهمٍ وجُمَحَ؛ لِلسّابِقَةِ فيهِم وهِىَ سابِقَةُ عُمَرَ -﵁-، رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"اللَّهمَّ أعِزَّ الإسلامَ بعُمَرَ\":\n\n١٣٢٣٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأوَيسِىُّ، حدثنا الماجِشونُ بنُ أبي سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اللَّهمَّ أعِزَّ الإسلامَ بعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ خاصَّةً\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَلقَمَةَ الفَرْوِىُّ المَدينِى، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ ماجِشونَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن هِشامٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبَرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ. وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٨٠، وفيه: أبو أسامة ثنا عبد الله بن أسامة الحلبي. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٩٦) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٨٣. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٢٧ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٨٢) من طريق عبد الله بن عيسى أبي علقمة الفروى به. وابن ماجه (١٠٥) من طريق عبد الملك بن ماجشون به. وفى مصباح الزجاجة (٤٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ عبد الملك بن الماجشون ضعفه الساجى، وذكره ابن حبان في الثقات. ومسلم بن خالد الزنجى وإن وثقه ابن معين وابن حبان واحتج به في صحيحه فقد قال فيه البخاري: منكر الحديث. وضعفه أبو حاتم والنسائي وغيرهم.","vol":"13","page":357},{"text":"أبو زَكَريّا، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ جَعفَرٍ ومُحَمدٍ: قالا (^١). وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ السماكُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن قَيسٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: ما زِلنا أعِزَّةً مُنذُ أسلَمَ عُمَرُ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ (^٣).\nوأمَّا قَولُ عُمَرَ -﵁-: فإِنَ الإسلامَ دَخَلَ وأمرُنا وأمرُ بَنِى سَهمٍ واحِدٌ (^٤).\nفهو لأنَّ بَنى سَهمٍ كانوا مُظاهِرينَ لِبَنى عَدِى في الجاهِليَّةِ، واجتَمَعَت بَنو جُمَحَ على بَنى عَدِىٍّ لِثائرَةٍ بَينَهُم، فقامَت دونَهُم سَهمٌ إخوَةُ جُمَحَ، فقالوا: إنَّ عَديًّا أقَلُّ مِنكُم عَدَدًا، فإِن شِئتُم فأخرِجوا إلَيهِم أعدادَهُم مِنكُم ونُخَلِّى بَينَكُم وبَينَهُم، وإِن شِئتُم وفَّيناهُم مِنَّا حتَّى يَكونوا مِثلَكُم. فتَحاجَزوا. قالَه الزُّبَيرُ بنُ بَكارٍ.\nوأمَّا أبو عُبَيدَةَ فإِنَّه عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الجَراحِ بنِ هِلالِ بنِ أُهَيبِ بنِ ضَبةَ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ فِهرِ بنِ مالكٍ. قالَه محمدُ ابنُ إسحاقَ وغَيرُه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) من بداية الإسناد حتى هذا الموضع زيادة من \"م\"، ووضعت عليها في الأصل علامة الإلغاء \"لا- إلى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٦٣، ٣٦٨٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٢٠٣).\n(^٥) ينظر سيرة ابن إسحاق (٣٠٢)، وسيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٣٢٩، ٦٨٥.","vol":"13","page":358},{"text":"١٣٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبَرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ وأبو خَيثَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبَرنا خالد، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: قال أنَس -﵁-: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِكلِّ أُمَّة أمينًا، وإِنَّ أمينَنا أيتها الأُمَّهُ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ\" (^١).\nرَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ وأبِى خَيثَمَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن خالِدٍ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وإِنَّما تأخَّرَ أبو عُبَيدة في العَطاءِ لِبُعدِ نَسَبِه لا لِنُقصانِ شَرَفِه، وهو أفضَلُ مِن بَعضِ مَن تَقَدَّمَه، مَعَ كَونِه مِن قُرَيشٍ مِن جُملَةِ الأقرَبينَ.\n\n١٣٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ صَبيحٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرة، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما نَزَلَت: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢١٤]. صَعِدَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على الصَّفا، فجعَلَ يُنادِى: \"يا بَنِى فِهر، يا بَنى عَدِى، يا بَنِى فُلان\". لِبُطونِ قُرَيشٍ حَتَّى اجتَمَعوا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٢٨٠٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٨٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٦٦) عن إسماعيل به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١٩٩) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤١٩/ ٥٣)، والبخاري (٣٧٤٤، ٤٣٨٢، ٧٢٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٢٦) من طريق عمر بن حفص به. وأحمد (٢٨٠١)، ومسلم (٢٠٨)، والترمذي (٣٣٦٣)، وابن حبان (٦٥٥٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"13","page":359},{"text":"البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ (^١). وفيه دَلالَةٌ على أن بَنِى فِهرٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2866>بابُ البِدايةِ (^٢) بعدَ قُريشٍ بالأنصارِ لِمَكانِهِم مِنَ الإسلامِ </span>(^٣)\n\n١٣٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنى أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنى القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا رَجاءُ بنُ مُرَجَّا المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ بنِ أبي رَوّادٍ أخو عبدانَ، حدثنا عثمانُ يَعنِى أباه، حدثنا شُعبَةُ ابنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: مَرَّ أبو بكرٍ والعباسُ -﵄- بمَجلِسٍ مِن مَجالِسِ الأنصارِ وهُم يَبكونَ، فقالَ: ما يُبكيكُم؟ قالوا: مَجلِسُنا مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فدَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرَه، فخَرَجَ وقَد عَصَبَ رأسَه بحاشيَةِ ثَوبٍ (^٤) فصَعِدَ المِنبَرَ ولَم يَصعَدْ بعدَ ذَلِكَ، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قَالَ: \"أوصيكُم بالأنصارِ فإنَّهُم كَرِشِى وعَيبتى (^٥)، وقَد قَضَوُا الَّذِى عَلَيهِم وبَقِىَ الَّذِى لَهُم، فاقبَلوا مِن مُحسِنِهِم، وتَجاوَزوا عن مُسيئهِم\" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن شاذانَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣٥٢٥، ٤٧٧٠).\n(^٢) في ز: \"البداءة\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"المسلمين\".\n(^٤) حاشية الثوب: جانباه اللذان لا هدب فيهما. المحكم ٣/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٥) كرشى وعيبتى: أي جماعتى وموضع ثقتى. والكرش: الجماعة من الناس. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٩.\n(^٦) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٤٦) عن محمد بن يحيى به.\n(^٧) البخارى (٣٧٩٩).","vol":"13","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2867>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَرتيبهم</span>\n\n١٣٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي أُسَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ دورِ الأنصارِ بَنو النَّجّارِ، ثُمَّ بَنو عبدِ الأشهَلِ، ثُمَّ بَنو الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ وبَنو ساعِدَةَ، وفِى كُلِّ دورِ الأنصارِ خَيرٌ\". قال: فقيلَ: فضلَ عَلَينا؟! قال: فقيلَ: قَد فضَّلَكُم على كَثيرٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبي داودَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ، وقال: \"ثُمَّ بَنو ساعِدَةَ\". وقالَ فيه: فقالَ سعد يَعنِى ابنَ عُبادَةَ: ما أرَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- إلا قَد فضَّلَ عَلَينا. فقيلَ: قَد فضَّلَكُم على كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن عباسِ بنِ سَهل، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- في غَزوةِ تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في خُروجِه ورُجوعِه قال: حتَّى أشرَفْنا على المَدينَةِ، فقالَ: \"هذه طابَة، وهَذا أُحُدٌ، وهو جَبَلٌ يُحِبنا ونُحِبه\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إنّ خَيرَ دورِ الأنصارِ دارُ بَنِى النَّجّارِ، ثُمَّ دارُ بَنِى عبدِ الأشهَلِ، ثُمَّ دارُ بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ، ثُمَّ دارُ بَنِى ساعِدَةَ، وفِى كُل دورِ الأنصارِ خَيرٌ\". فلَحِقَنا سَعدُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٤٩)، والترمذي (٣٩١١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٣٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥١١/ ١٧٧)، والبخاري (٣٧٨٩، ٣٨٠٧).","vol":"13","page":361},{"text":"ابنُ عُبادَةَ، فقالَ أبو أُسَيدٍ: ألَم تَرَ أن رسولَ الله -ﷺ- خَيَّرَ دورَ الأنصارِ فجَعَلَنا آخِرَها دارًا؟ فأدرَكَ سَعدٌ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ خَيَّرتَ دورَ الأنصارِ فجَعَلْتَنا آخِرَها. فقالَ: \"أوَ لَيسَ بحَسبِكُم أن تَكونوا مِنَ الخيارِ؟ \" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى قال: سَمِعتُ مالكَ ابنَ أنَسٍ يقولُ: مَن سَبَّ أصحابَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- فلَيسَ له في الفَئِ حَقٌّ، يقولُ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا﴾ الآية [الحشر: ٨]. هَؤُلاءِ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الَّذينَ هاجَروا مَعَه. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ﴾ الآية [الحشر: ٩]. هَؤُلاءِ الأنصارُ. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ [الحشر: ١٠] قال مالكٌ: فاستَثنَى اللهُ ﷿ فقالَ: ﴿يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ الآية [الحشر: ١٠]. فالفَئُ لِهَؤُلاءِ الثلاثَةِ، فمَن سب أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فلَيسَ هو مِن هَؤُلاءِ الثلاثَةِ، ولا حَقَّ له في الفَئِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٥١١).\n(^٢) مسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٥ (١٣٩٢/ ١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٩١ من طريق المصنف به. واللالكائى في شرح أصول الاعتقاد (٢٤٠٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد به. والجوهرى في مسند الموطأ (٨٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به.","vol":"13","page":362},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2868>كتابُ قسمِ الصدقاتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2869>بابُ ما فرَضَ اللهُ ﵎ على أهلِ دينِه (^١) المُسلِميَن في أموالِهِم لِغَيِرهِم مِن أهلِ دينِه المُسلِميَن المُحتاجيَن إلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٣٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِى، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ صَيفِىٍّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا مَعبَدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: لما بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ نَحوَ اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"إنَّكَ تَقدَمُ على قَوم مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ، فليَكُنْ أوَّلَ ما تَدعوهُم أن يوَحِّدوا اللهَ ﷿، فإِذا عَرَفوا ذَلِكَ فأَخبِرهُم أنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قَدِ افتَرَضَ عَلَيهِم خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ في يَومِهِم ولَيلَتِهِم، فإِذا صَلَّوا فأَخبِرهُم أنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قَدِ افتَرَضَ عَلَيهِم زَكاةً في أموالِهِم تُؤخَذُ مِن غَنيهِم فتُرَدُّ على فقيرِهِم، فإذا أقَرّوا بذَلِكَ فخُذْ مِنهُم وتَوَقَّ كرائمَ أموالِهِم\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي الأسوَدِ عن الفَضلِ بنِ العَلاءِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٦، م: \"من\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المدخل إلى السنن الكبرى (٣١٤). وأخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٢١٣) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. والطبراني (١٢٢٠٨) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر المقدمى به. وتقدم في (٧٣٥٢، ٧٣٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٣٧٢)، ومسلم (١٩/ ٣١).","vol":"13","page":363},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2870>بابٌ: لا يَسَعُ أهلَ الأموالِ حَبسُه عَمَّن أُمِروا بدَفعِه إلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٣٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي النَّضرِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو النَّضرِ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وأَخبَرَني الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ الله، عن أبيه، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن آتاه اللهُ مالًا فلَم يُؤَد زَكاتَه، مُثلَ له يَومَ القيامَةِ شُجاعٌ أقرَعُ له زَبيبتانِ، يُطَوَّقُه يَومَ القيامَةِ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ بلِهزِمتيه -يَعنِى شِدقَيه- يقولُ: أنا مالُكَ، أنا كنزكَ\". ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١) [آل عمران: ١٨٠]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ عن أبي النَّضرِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الجوَينِى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءِ ابنُ السندِى (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِى قالا: حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أنَّ أبا صالِحٍ ذَكوانَ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن صاحِبِ ذَهَب ولا فِضة لا يؤدى مِنها حَقها، إلا إذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٦١٢). وتقدم في (٧٣٠٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٠٣).","vol":"13","page":364},{"text":"كان يَومُ القيامَةِ صُفِّحَت له صفائحَ مِن نارٍ، فأُحمِىَ عَلَيها في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فيُكوَى بها جَنبُه وجَبينُه وظَهرُه، كُلَّما بَرَدَت أُعيدَت له في يَوم كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنة، حَتَّى يُقضَى بَينَ العِبادِ فيُرَى سَبيلَه؛ إمّا إلَى جَنَّة وإِما إلَى نار\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، فالإِبِلُ؟ قال: \"ولا صاحِبُ إبِل لا يُؤَدِّى حَقَّها -ومِن حَقِّها حَلَبُها يَومَ وردِها- إلَّا إذا كان يَومُ القيامَةِ بُطِحَ لَها بقاع قَرقَر (^١) أوفَرَ ما كانَت، لا يَفقِدُ مِنها فصيلًا واحِدًا تَطَؤُه بأَخفافِها وتَعَضه بأَفواهِها، كُلَّما مَرَّ عَلَيه أولاها رُدَّ عَلَيه أُخراها في يَوم كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنة، حَتَّى يُقضَى بَينَ العِبادِ، فيُرَى سَبيلَه؛ إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وإِمّا إلَى النّارِ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فالبَقَرُ والغَنَمُ؟ قال: \"ولا صاحِبُ غَنَمٍ ولا بَقَر لا يُؤَدِّى مِنها حَقَّها، إلَّا إذا كان يَومُ القيامَةِ، بُطِحَ لَها بقاع قَرقَر لا يَفقِدُ مِنها شَيئًا، لَيسَ فيها عَقصاءُ ولا جَلحاءُ ولا عَضباءُ (^٢)، تَنطِحُه بقُرونِها وتَطَؤُه بأَظلافِها، كُلَّما مَرَّ عَلَيه أولاها رُدَّ عَلَيه أُخراها، في يَومٍ كان مِقدارُه خَمسينَ ألفَ سنة حَتَّى يُقضى بَينَ العِبادِ، فيُرَى سَبيلَه؛ إمّا إلَى الجَنَّةِ وإمّا إلَى النّارِ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ. قَد أخرَجتُه في كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nوقَولُه: ومِن حَقِّها حَلَبُها يَومَ وِردِها. يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ مِن قَولِ أبي هريرةَ -﵁-.\n_________\n(^١) القرقر: المكان المستوى. النهاية ٤/ ٤٨.\n(^٢) العقصاء: الملتوية القرنين. والجلحاء: التى لا قرن لها. والعضباء: التى انكسر قرنها. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤٩٣، ٧٦٠٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٤).","vol":"13","page":365},{"text":"وقَد روِّينا في كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ عن أبيه في هَذا الحديثِ: \"وما مِن صاحِبِ إبل لا يُؤَدِّى زَكاتَها إلَّا بُطِحَ لَها بقاعٍ قَرقَرٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2871>بابٌ: لا يَسَعُ الوُلاةَ تَركُه لأهلِ الأموالِ</span>\n\n١٣٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنه قال: أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- أخبَرَه قال: لَمّا توُفِّىَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- واستُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- بَعدَه، وكَفَرَ مَن كَفَرَ مِنَ العرَبِ قال عُمَرُ: يا أبا بكرٍ، كَيفَ تُقاتِلُ النّاسَ وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. عَصَمَ مِنِّى مالَه ونَفسَه إلا بحَقِّه، وحِسابه على الله\"؟ قال أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: واللهِ لأُقاتِلَنَ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الصَّلاةِ والزكاة؛ فإِنَّ الزكاة حَقُّ المالِ، واللهِ لَو مَنَعوني عَناقًا كانوا يُؤَدّونَها إلَى رسولِ الله -ﷺ- قاتَلتُهُم على مَنعِها. قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: فواللَّهِ ما هو إلَّا أن رأيتُ اللهَ قَد شَرَحَ صدرَ أبي بكرٍ -﵁- لِلقِتالِ، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَق (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ بهَذا اللفظِ: عَناقًا (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ المُزَكِّى،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٠٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٤٥٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٩٢٤).","vol":"13","page":366},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عِقالًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيد وقالَ: عِقالًا (^٢).\nورَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزة عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: عَناقًا (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه مَعمَرٌ والزُّبَيدِى عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\nورَواه رَباحُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: عَناقًا (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه قال: عِقالًا (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\nورَواه عَنبَسَةُ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: عَناقًا (^٣) واختُلِفَ فيه على يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقيلَ عنه: عَناقًا (¬ ك ٣). وقيلَ: عِقالًا.\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن الكِسائىِّ قال: العِقالُ صَدَقَةُ عامٍ. وعن الأصمَعِىِّ قال: يُقالُ: بُعِثَ فُلانٌ على عِقالِ بَنِى فُلانٍ. إذا بُعِثَ على صَدَقاتِهِم (^٥).\n\n١٣٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٢٩٨). وتقدم في (٧٤٠٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم عقب (٧٤٠٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة ص ١٩٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٠٩، ٢١٠.","vol":"13","page":367},{"text":"حِزامُ (^١) بنُ هِشامِ بنِ حُبَيشٍ الخُزاعِى قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ: رأيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- شادًا حِقوَه بعِقالٍ وهو يُمارِسُ شَيئًا مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ. قال مَنصورٌ: حِفظِى أنَّه كان يَبيعُها فيمَن يَزيدُ، كُلَّما باعَ بَعيرًا مِنها شَدَّ حِقوَه بعِقالِه، ثُمَّ تَصَدَّقَ بها يَعنِى بتِلكَ العِقالِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رَوَى عِمرانُ بنُ دَاوَرٍ (^٣) القَطّانُ عن مَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ في قِصَّةِ أبي بكر -﵁- قال: وقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: إنَّما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَه إلَّا الله، وأَنِّى رسولُ اللهِ، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ ويُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ\". واللهِ لَو مَنَعوني عَناقًا مِمَّا كانوا يُعطونَ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- لأُقاتِلَنَهُم عَلَيْهِ (^٤).\nورُوّينا هذه الزيادةَ في إقامَةِ الصَّلاةِ وإيتاءِ الزَّكاةِ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١٣٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِالرحمَنِ السُّلَمِى وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو العَنبَسِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتوا الزكاةَ، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ حَرُمَت\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٦، م: \"حرام\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ١٢/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٢/ ٣٦١ من طريق حزام به.\n(^٣) في س، ز، ص ٦، م: \"داود\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٦٨١٠).","vol":"13","page":368},{"text":"دِماؤُهُم وأَموالُهُم، وحِسابُهُم على اللهِ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أبو العَنبَس هَذا هو سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، قالَه البخارىُّ وغَيرُه (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرازىُّ (^٣)، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتوا الزكاةَ، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ عَصَموا مِنِّى دِماءَهُم وأَموالَهُم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللهِ\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2872>بابُ ما جاءَ في رَب المالِ يَتَوَلَّى تَفرِقَةَ زَكاةِ مالِه بنَفسِه</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧١].\n\n١٣٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانِى ببَيهَقَ مِن أصلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٤٨) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (٨٥٤٤) من طريق أبي العنبس به. وسيأتى في (١٦٧٨١).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥٠٩.\n(^٣) في س: \"الرزاز\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٩٢.\n(^٤) جزء أبي جعفر ابن البخترى (٥٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧١) من طريق أبي النضر به. وسيأتى في (١٦٨١٢). وقال الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٥٩): صحيح متواتر.","vol":"13","page":369},{"text":"سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدٍ القَزازُ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرفاعِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضيلٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا غُلامَ بَنِى عبدِ المُطلِبِ. فقالَ: \"وعَلَيكَ\". قال: إنِّى رَجُل مِن أخوالِكَ مِن ولَدِ سَعدِ بنِ بكرٍ، وإِنِّى رسولُ قَومِى إلَيكَ ووافِدُهُم. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فإِنّا قَد وجَدنا في كِتابِكَ، وأَمَرَتنا رُسُلُكَ أن نأخُذَ مِن حَواشِى أموالِنا ونَضَعَه في فُقَرائنا، فأَنشُدُكَ باللهِ، أهو أمَرَكَ بذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"نعم\" (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: هذه اللفظة إن كانَت مَحفوظَةً دَلَّت على جَوازِ تَفريقِ رَبِّ المالِ زَكاةَ مالِه بنَفسِه، وحَديثُ أنَسٍ -﵁- في هذه القِصةِ: آللهُ أمَرَكَ أن تأخُذَ هذه الصدَقَةَ مِن أغنيائنا فتَقسِمَها في فُقَرائنا؟ إسنادُه أصَحُّ (^٢)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2873>بابُ الدُّعاءِ له إذا أخِذت صَدَقَتُه بالأجرِ والبَرَكةِ</span>\nكما قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٣] قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ادعُ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) معجم الإسماعيليّ (٣١٢). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٨٣) من طريق ابن فضيل به.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٣٢٦٥).\n(^٣) أحكام القرآن ١/ ١٠٤.","vol":"13","page":370},{"text":"أبي غَرَزة، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، عن شعبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الله بنَ أبي أوفَى ﵁وكانَ مِن أصحابِ الشَّجَرَةِ- يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا أتاه قَومٌ بصَدَقَةٍ قال: \"اللَّهمَّ صَلِّ عَلَيهِم\". فأَتاه أبي بصَدَقَتِه فقالَ: \"اللَّهمَّ صَلِّ على آلِ أبي أوفَى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2874>باب: الأغلَبُ على أفواهِ العامَّةِ أنَّ في الثمَرِ العُشرَ، وفِى الماشيَةِ الصَّدَقَةَ، وفِى الوَرِقِ الزَّكاةَ، وقَد سَمَّى رسولُ الله -ﷺ- هَذا كلَّه صَدَقَة</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والعَرَبُ تَقولُ له: صَدَقَةٌ، وزَكاةٌ. ومَعناهُما عِندَهُم مَعنًى واحِدٌ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٩١٣، ٧٧٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٦٦)، ومسلم (١٠٧٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٨٣.","vol":"13","page":371},{"text":"عُمارَةَ بنِ أبي حَسَنٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أبيه يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِي -﵁-، عن رسولِ الله -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لَيسَ فيما دونَ خَمسِ ذَود صَدَقَةٌ، ولا فيما دونَ خَمسِ أواق صَدَقَةٌ، ولا فيما دونَ خَمسَةِ أوسُقٍ صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن الليثِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السماكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطنافِسِى، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن مَعرورِ بنِ سوَيدٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: \"ما مِن رَجُل يَموتُ فيتركُ غَنَمًا أو إبلًا أو بَقَرًا لَم يؤدِّ زَكاتَها، إلا جاءَته أعظَمَ ما تَكونُ وأَسمَنَ، تَطَؤُه بأَظلافِها وتَنطَحُه بقُرونِها، حَتَّى يُقضَى بَينَ النّاسِ، ثُمَّ يَعودُ أولاها على أُخراها\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٤). فسَمى الواجِبَ في الماشيَةِ زَكاةً.\n\n١٣٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٩٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي (٢٤٤٥) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (٧٣٢٤، ٧٣٢٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٩/ ٢)، والبخارى (١٤٤٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٦٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٦٠، ٦٦٣٨)، ومسلم (٩٩٠).","vol":"13","page":372},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ صالِحٍ التَّمّارِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عَتّابِ بنِ أَسيدٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال في زَكاةِ الكَرمِ: \"يُخرَص كما يُخرَصُ النَّخلُ، ثُمَّ تُؤَدَّى زَكاتُه زَبيبًا كما تُؤَدَّى زَكاةُ النَّخلِ تَمرًا\" (^١).\nفسَمَّى العُشرَ في الكَرمِ والنَّخلِ زَكاةً.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2875>بابُ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقاتِ على قَسْم اللهِ تَعالَى</span>\nوهِىَ سُهمان ثَمانيَة ما داموا مَوجودينَ، قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ [التوبة: ٦٠].\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فأَحكَمَ اللهُ فرضَ الصدَقاتِ في كِتابِه، ثُمَّ أكَّدَها فقالَ: ﴿فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال في حَديثِ الصدائىِّ: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَم يَرضَ فيها بقَسمِ مَلَكٌ مُقرَّبٍ ولا نَبِيَّ مُرسَل حَتَّى قَسَمَها\":\n\n١٣٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الأسَداباذِىُّ (^٣) بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ بشرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٥٠٧). وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٦١: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٧١.\n(^٣) في ز: \"الأحمدابادى\"، وفى م: \"الاستراباذى\".","vol":"13","page":373},{"text":"موسَى الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ يَعنِى عبدَ الله بنَ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى زيادُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ الحارِثِ الصُّدائيَّ -﵁- صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- فبايَعتُه على الإِسلامِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ أتاه آخَرُ فقالَ: أعطِنِى مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. فقالَ له رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ لَم يَرضَ فيها بحُكمِ نَبِيَّ ولا غَيرِه في الصَّدَقاتِ حَتَّى حَكَمَ هو فيها؛ فجَزّأَها ثَمانيَةَ أجزاء، فإِن كُنتَ مِن تِلكَ الأجزاءِ أعطَيتُكَ -أو: أعطَيناكَ- حَقَّكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عَلُوسا الأسَداباذِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ يَعنِى القَطيعِى، حدثنا المَسروقِىُّ يَعنِى موسَى بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِى، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: فرَضَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- الصَّدَقَةَ مِن ثَمانيَةِ أصنافٍ، ثُمَّ توضَعُ في ثَمانيَةِ أسهُمٍ، ففَرَضَها في الذَهَبِ، والوَرِقِ، والِإبِلِ، والبَقَرِ، والغَنَمِ، والزرعِ، والكَرمِ، والنخلِ، وتوضَعُ في ثَمانيَةِ أسهُمٍ في أهلِ هذه الآيَةِ ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ﴾ إلَى اَخَرِ الآيَةِ (^٢). إسنادُ هَذا ضَعيفٌ، وفِى نص الكِتابِ كِفايَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٠١)، وفى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٥٥، ٣٥٦، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٩٥، ٤٩٦. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٣٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زياد به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٦٢: ابن أنعم ضعيف. وتقدم في (١٨١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن مردويه- كما في الدر المنثور ٧/ ٤١٩، ٤٢٠.","vol":"13","page":374},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2876>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ الصَّدَقَةَ في صِنفٍ واحِدٍ مِن هذه الأصناف</span>\n\n١٣٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِى، أخبرَنى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، عن زَكَريّا بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صيفِى، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِمُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ: \"إنَّكَ سَتأتِى قَومًا أهلَ كتابٍ، فإِذا جِئتَهُم فادعُهُم إلَى أن يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَن محمدًا رسولُ الله، فإِن هُم طاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ (^١) فأَخبِرهُم أنَّ اللهَ قَد فرَضَ عَلَيهِم خَمسَ صَلَوات في كُلِّ يَوم ولَيلَة، فإِن هُم طاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ فأَخبِرهُم أنَّ اللهَ قَد فرَضَ عَلَيهِم صَدَقَةً تُؤخَذُ مِن أغنيائِهم فتُرَدُّ على فُقَرائِهم، فإِن هُم طاعوا لَكَ بذَلِكَ فإيّاكَ وكَرائمَ أموالِهِم، واتَّقِ دَعوَةَ المَظلومِ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ حِجابٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حِبّانَ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قالا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ هِلالٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: ز، ص ٦.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٥٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٣٤٧).","vol":"13","page":375},{"text":"فقالَ: كِدتُ أن أُقتَلَ بَعدَكَ في عَناقٍ أو شاةٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"لَولا أنها تُعطَى فُقَراءَ المُهاجِرينَ ما أخَذتُها\" (^١).\n\n١٣٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن زِرَّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: إذا أعطَى الرَّجُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ صِنفًا واحِدًا مِنَ الأصنافِ الثمانيَةِ أجزأَه (^٢). وعن الحَجّاجِ عن عَطاءٍ بنَحوِهِ (^٣). الحَجاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَج بهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الحِمصِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن واصِلِ بنِ حَيَّانَ وحَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: أُتى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- بصَدَقَةِ زَكاةٍ، فأَعطاها أهلَ بَيتٍ كما هِىَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٢٦٠ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا الحَسَنُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٥٧، ٢٥٨. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٦٥) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائى (١٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٣٠٠). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٨٣٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٣٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٣١ من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٢١ - تفسير)، وسحنون في المدونة ١/ ٢٩٧، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢١٩٩) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٨٣٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤٤) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الخراج ص ٢٠٥ عن الحسن بن عمارة به.","vol":"13","page":376},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). وعن المِنهالِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ أنَّهُما لَم يَكونا يَرَيانِ بهَذا بأسًا (^٢).\nورَواه لَيثُ بنُ أبي سُلَيمٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وهو مُنقَطِعٌ (^٣). والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروكٌ (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِبنِ جُبَيرٍ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ﴾ [التوبة: ٦٠] قال: يُجزيكَ أنَّ تَجعَلَها في صِنفٍ واحِدٍ مِن هذه الأصنافِ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ ويَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن سعيدٍ، مِن قَولِه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الخراج ص ٢٠٥، ٢٠٦ عن الحسن بن عمارة به. وعبد الرزاق (٧١٣٦) من طريق مجاهد به. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧١٣٧)، والأموال لأبى عبيد (١٨٣٩)، والمدونة ١/ ٢٩٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يوسف في الخُراج ص ٢٠٦ عن الحسن بن عمارة به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤٠) من طريق المنهال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤١)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢١٩٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٣٢، ٥٣٤ من طريق ليث به. وعند عبد الرزاق: رجل. بدلًا من: عطاء.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢١٩٦) من طريق حسن بن صالح به.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٧٣٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢١٩٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٣٣ من طريق سفيان به. وسحنون في المدونة ١/ ٢٩٧، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤٢) من طريق عطاء عن سعيد.","vol":"13","page":377},{"text":"ورَواه يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن وُهَيبٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^١)، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٢٦٢ - وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: قُلتُ لإِبراهيمَ: أضَعُ زَكاةَ مالِى في صِنفٍ مِنَ الأصنافِ الَّذينَ ذَكَرَ اللهُ في كِتابِه: ﴿إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ﴾ إلَى آخَرِ الآيَةِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\nورُوّيناه عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ هُذَيلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ قال: قال شُعبَةُ: ألا تَعجَبونَ مِن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ هَذا المَجنونِ؟ أتانِى هو وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ فكَلَّمانِى أن أكُفَّ عن ذِكرِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، أنا أكُفُّ عن ذِكرِه! لا واللهِ لا أكُفُّ عن ذِكرِه، أنا واللهِ سأَلتُ الحَكَمَ عن الصَّدَقَةِ تُجعَلُ في صِنفٍ واحِدٍ مِمَّا سَمَّى اللهُ فقالَ: لا بأسَ به. قُلتُ: مِمَّن سَمِعتَ؟ قال: كان إبراهيمُ يَقولُه. وهَذا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٣٢، ٥٣٣ من طريق عطاء عن سعيد عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) الجعديات (١٩٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤٦)، وسحنون في المدونة ١/ ٢٩٧، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٣٣، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٠١ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧١٣٥)، والأموال لأبى عبيد (١٨٣٨، ١٨٤٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٤٥).","vol":"13","page":378},{"text":"عُمارَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁-، وعن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، وعن الحَكَمِ، عن حُذَيفَةَ -﵁- قال: لا بأسَ أن يَجعَلَ (^١) الرَّجُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ في صنفٍ واحِدٍ (^٢)!\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2877>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُخرِجُ صَدَقَةَ قَومٍ مِنهُم مِن بَلَدِهِم وفِي بَلَدِهِم مَن يَستَحِقُّها</span>\n\n١٣٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيع، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ المَكِّىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَيفِىٍّ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- لَمّا بَعَثَ مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ قال له رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكَ تأتِى قَومًا أهلَ كِتاب، فادعُهُم إلَى شَهادَةِ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، فإِن هُم أجابوكَ لِذَلِكَ، فأَعلِمْهُم أنَّ اللهَ قَدِ افتَرَضَ عَلَيهِم خَمسَ صَلَواتٍ في كُلِّ يَومٍ ولَيلَة، فإِن هُم أجابوكَ لِذَلِكَ فأَعلِمْهُم أنَّ اللهَ قَدِ افتَرَضَ عَلَيهِم صَدَقَةً في أموالِهِم تُؤخَذُ مِن أغنيائهِم فتُرَدُّ في فُقَرائِهم، فإِن هُم أجابوكَ لِذَلِكَ، فإيّاكَ وكَرائمَ أموالِهِم، وإيّاكَ ودَعوَةَ المَظلومِ، فإِنَّها لَيسَ بَينَها وبَينَ اللهِ حِجابٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ موسَى عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يبعث\".\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٦٩٩. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ٢٣٧ من طريق المخرمى به. وابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٣٧ من طريق الطيالسي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧١) -وعنه أبو داود (١٥٨٤) - والترمذي (٦٢٥)، والنسائي (٢٥٢١)، وابن ماجه (١٧٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٦) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (٧٣٥٢).","vol":"13","page":379},{"text":"وكيعٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: بَينا نَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- جُلوسٌ في المَسجِدِ إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ على جَمَلٍ فأَناخَه في المَسجِدِ، ثُمَّ عَقَلَه، ثُمَّ قال لَهُم: أيُّكُم محمدٌ؟ ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُتَّكِئٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَيهِم. قال: فقُلنا له: هَذا الرَّجُلُ الأبيَضُ المُتَّكَئُ. فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: يا ابنَ عبدِ المُطلِبِ. فقالَ له رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"قَد أجَبتُكَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا محمدُ، إنِّى سائلُكَ فمُشتَدُّ عَلَيكَ في المَسأَلَةِ، فلا تَجِدْ في نَفسِكَ. فقالَ: \"سَلْ ما بَدا لَكَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: نَشَدتُكَ برَبِّكَ ورَبِّ مَن قَبلَكَ، آللهُ أرسَلَكَ إلَى النّاسِ كُلِّهِم؟ فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهمَّ نَعَم\". قال: فأَنشُدُكَ اللهَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ أن تُصَلِّىَ الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسَ في اليَومِ واللَّيلَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"اللَّهمَّ نَعَم\". قال: فأَنشُدُكَ اللهَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ أن تَصومَ هَذا الشَّهرَ مِنَ السَّنَةِ؟ قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهمَّ نَعَم\". قال: أنشُدُكَ اللهَ، آللهُ أمَرَكَ أن تأخُذَ هذه الصَّدَقَةَ مِن أغنيائنا فتَقسِمَها على فُقَرائنا؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهمَّ نَعَم\". قال الرَّجُلُ: آمَنتُ بما جِئتَ به، وأَنا رسولُ مَن ورائى مِن قَومِى، وأَنا ضِمامُ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ أخو بَنى سَعدِ بنِ بكرٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٤٤٨)، ومسلم (١٩/ ٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧١٩)، وأبو داود (٤٨٦)، والنسائي (٢٠٩١)، وابن ماجه (١٤٠٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٣٥٨)، وابن حبان (١٥٤) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"13","page":380},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١٣٢٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحسَنِ (^٢) بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ (^٣)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي أنَّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصينٍ -﵁- بُعِثَ على (^٤) الصَّدَقَةِ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ قالوا له: أينَ المالُ؟ قال: ولِلمالِ أرسَلتُمونِى؟! أخذَناها مِن حَيثُ كُنّا نأخُذُها على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -﵁-، ووَضَعناها حَيثُ كُنّا نَضَعُها (^٥).\n\n١٣٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه قال: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فينا ساعيًا، فأَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن أغنيائنا فوَضَعَها في فُقَرائنا، وأَمَرَ لِى بقَلوصٍ (^٦). هَذا الحَديثُ يُعرَفُ بأَشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٣).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٦: \"الحسين\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ز، ص ٦. وبعده في س، م: \"أنبأ أبو سهل\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٨١١) من طريق إبراهيم بن عطاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٣١).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٩) من طريق عمر بن علي به. والترمذي (٦٤٩) من طريق أشعث به، وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٧) أشعث بن سوار الكندى النجار، ينظر الكلام عليه في: تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٢٦٤، وقال ابن حجر =","vol":"13","page":381},{"text":"١٣٢٦٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الأعمَشِ، عن ابنِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ساعيًا على الصَّدَقَةِ، فأُمِرَ أن يأخُذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن أغنيائِنا، فيَقسِمَها في فُقَرائِنا، وكُنتُ غُلامًا يَتيمًا لا مالَ لِى، فأَعطانِى مِنها قَلوصًا.\n\n١٣٢٦٩ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ -﵁- قَضَى: أيُّما رَجُلٍ انتَقَلَ مِن مِخلافِ عَشيرَتِه إلَى غَيرِ مِخلافِ عَشيرَتِه، فعُشرُه وصَدَقَتُه إلَى مِخلافِ عَشيرَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ على المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ الهَمَذانِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله، حدثنا سَؤارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: لا تُخرَجُ الزَّكاةُ مِن بَلَدٍ إلَى بَلَدٍ إلا لِذِى قَرابَةٍ (^٢). مَوقوفٌ، وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ.\n_________\n= في التقريب ١/ ٧٩: ضعيف.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٢٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٩١. والمخلاف هي القرية من قرى اليمن، ويقال لها في العراق رستاق. تاج العروس ١٤/ ٧٧، الفائق ٣/ ٤٣٤.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٦٣.","vol":"13","page":382},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2878>بابُ نَقلِ الصَّدَقَةِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ حَولَها مَن يَستَحِقُّها</span>\n\n١٣٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: أتَيتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- في أُناسٍ مِن قَومِى، فجَعَلَ يَفرِضُ رِجالًا مِن طَيِّئِ في ألفَينِ ويُعرِضُ عَنِّى، فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أتَعرِفُنِى؟ قال: فضَحِكَ حَتَّى استَلقَى لِقَفاه قال: نَعَم، واللهِ إنِّى لأعرِفُكَ، قَد آمَنتَ إذ كَفَروا، وأَقبَلتَ إذ أدبَروا، ووَفَيتَ إذ غَدَروا، وإِنَّ أوَّلَ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَت وجهَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ووَجهَ أصحابِه صَدَقَةُ طَيِّئٍ، جِئتَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ أخَذَ يَعتَذِرُ قال: إنَّما فرَضتُ لِقَومٍ أجحَفَت بهِمُ الفاقَةُ، وهُم فاقَةُ عَشائرِهِم لِما يَنوبُهُم مِنَ الحُقوقِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مُختَصرًا مِن حَديثِ أبي عَوانَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي نُعَيمٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ الطّائىِّ -﵁- قال: أتَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٢٣/ ١٩٦).","vol":"13","page":383},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ ببَعضِ مَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: وأَوَّلُ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَت وُجوهَ أصحابِ رسولِ الله -ﷺ- صَدَقَةُ طَيِّئٍ جِئتُ بها إلَى أبي بكرٍ -﵁-. فقُلتُ: أما إنِّى أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عامَ أوَّلَ كما أتَيتُكَ بها.\n\n١٣٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: لَمَّا أسلَمَ عَدِىُّ بنُ حاتِمٍ أمَّرَه رسولُ الله -ﷺ- على صَدَقاتِ قَومِه، فتوُفىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقَدِ اجتَمَعَت عِندَه إبِلٌ عَظيمَةٌ مِن صَدَقاتِهِم، فلَمّا ارتَدَّ مَنِ ارتَدَّ مِنَ الناسِ وبَلَغَهُم أنَهُم قَدِ ارتَجَعوا صَدَقاتِهِم، وارتَدَّت بَنو أسَدٍ وهُم جيرانُهُم، اجتَمَعَت طَيِّئٌ إلَى عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ. وذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ قال: فلَمّا رأَوا مِنه الجِدَّ كَفّوا عنه وسَلَّموا له، فلَمّا اجتَمَعَ المُسلِمونَ على أبي بكرٍ -﵁- خَرَجَ بها، فكانَت أوَّلَ إبِلٍ مِنَ إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ قَدِمَت على أبي بكرٍ -﵁- هِىَ وإِبِلُ الزُّبرِقانِ بنِ بَدرٍ. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: وكانَ مِن حَديثِ الزِّبرِقانِ بنِ بَدرٍ السَّعدِىِّ أنَّ بَنِى سَعدٍ اجتَمَعوا إلَيه فسألوه أن يَرُدَّ إلَيهِم أموالَهُم، وأَن يَصنَعَ بهِم ما صَنَعَ مالكُ بنُ نوَيرَةَ بقَومِه، فأَبَى وتَمَسَّكَ بما في يَدِه، وثَبَتَ على إسلامِه وقالَ: لا تَعجَلوا يا قَومِ، فإِنَّه واللهِ لَيَقومَنَّ بهَذا الأمرِ قائمٌ بَعدَ رسولِ الله -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً. قال: فدَفَعَهُم عن نَفسِه حتَّى أتاه اجتِماع النَّاسِ على أبي بكرٍ -﵁-، فخَرَجَ بها وقَد تَفَرَّقَ القَومُ عنه لَيلًا، ومَعَه الرِّجالُ يَطرُدونَها، فما عَلِموا به حتَّى أتاهُم أنَّه قَد أدّاها إلَى أبي بكرٍ -﵁-، فكانَت هذه الإبِلُ التى قَدِمَ بها الزِّبرِقانُ وعَدِىُّ بنُ حاتِمٍ","vol":"13","page":384},{"text":"أوَّلَ إبِلٍ وافَت أبا بكرٍ -﵁- مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ بَعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: وكانَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- بَعَثَ عَدِىَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ -﵁- على صَدَقاتِ طيى، والزِّبرِقانَ بنَ بَدرٍ على صَدَقاتِ بَنِى سَعدٍ، وطُلَيحَةَ (^١) بنَ خوَيلِدٍ على صَدَقاتِ بَنى أسَدٍ، وعُيَينَةَ بنَ حِصنٍ (^٢) على صَدَقاتِ بَنى فزارَةَ، ومالِكَ بنَ نوَيرَةَ على صَدَقاتِ بَنِى يَربوعٍ، والفُجاءَةَ على صَدَقاتِ بَنى سُلَيمٍ، فلَمّا بَلَغَهُم وفاةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وعِندَهُم أموال كَثيرَة، رَدّوها على أهلِها إلا عَدِىَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ والزِّبرَقانَ بنَ بَدرٍ، فإِنَّهُما تَمَسَّكا بها ودَفَعا عَنها النّاسَ حتَّى أدياها إلَى أبي بكرٍ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا جَرير يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: لا أزالُ أُحِبُّ بَنِى تَميمٍ بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ سَمِعتُهُنَّ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، قال: \"هُم أشَدُّ أُمَّتى على الدَّجّالِ\". وكانَت عِندَ عائشةَ -﵂- نَسَمَةٌ مِنهُم، فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعتِقيها؛ فإِنَّها مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ ﵇\". وجاءَت صَدَقاتُهُم فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هذه صَدَقاتُ قَومنا\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ز: \"طلحة\".\n(^٢) في ز: \"حصين\".\n(^٣) ابن إسحاق- كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٦٠٠.\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٦١٠٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٠٨) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٩٠٦٨)، من طريق أبي زرعة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٥٤٣)، ومسلم (٢٥٢٥/ عقب ١٩٨).","vol":"13","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2879>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ الفَقيَر أمَسُّ حاجَةً مِنَ المِسكيِن</span>\n\n١٣٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ حَمدانَ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، كِلاهُما عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ المِسكينُ بهَذا الطوَّافِ الَّذِى يَطوفُ على النّاسِ فتَرُدُّه اللُّقمَةُ واللُّقمَتانِ، والتَّمرَةُ والتَّمرَتانِ\". قالوا: فمَنِ المِسكينُ يا رسولَ الله؟ قال: \"الَّذِى لا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغنيه، ولا يُفطَنُ له فيُتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيه، ولا يَسأَلُ النّاسَ شَيئًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُغيرَةِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ: \"ولا يَقومُ فيَسأَلُ النّاسَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قتيبَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- (^٣).\nوفيه كالدِّلالَةِ على أنَّ المِسكينَ هو الَّذِى لَيسَ له غِنًى يُغنيه، لَكِن له بَعضُ الغِنَى فيَكتَفِى به، ويَتَعَفَّفُ عن السُّؤالِ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٢٣، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٥٧١)، وابن حبان (٣٣٥٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٧٩)، ومسلم (١٠٣٩/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٤٧)، والبخاري (١٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٨) من طريق محمد بن زياد به.","vol":"13","page":386},{"text":"١٣٢٧٦ - وحَدَّثَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ الله بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ المِسكينُ هَذا الطَّوَّافَ الَّذِى يَطوفُ على النّاسِ تَرُدُّه اللُّقمَةُ واللُّقمَتانِ والتَّمرَةُ والتَّمرَتانِ، لَكِنِ المِسكينُ الَّذِى لا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغنيه، ويَستَحيِى أن يَسأَلَ النَّاسَ، ولا يُفطَنُ له فيتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٣٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصيبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ الله بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ المِسكينُ الَّذِى تَرُدُّه التَّمرَةُ والتَّمرَتانِ واللُّقمَةُ واللُّقمَتانِ، إنَّما المِسكينُ الَّذِى يَتَعَفَّفُ، اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٧٣] \" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىِّ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٣). ومَن يَتَعَفَّفْ ولَيسَ له بَعضُ الكِفايَةِ كان قاتِلَ نَفسِه؛ دَلَّ على أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) صحيفة همام (٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٨٧) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٩٤٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٣٩)، ومسلم (١٠٣٩/ ١٠٢).","vol":"13","page":387},{"text":"المِسكينَ هو الَّذِى له بَعضُ الغِنَى ولا يَكونُ له ما يُغنيه، والفَقيرُ مَن لا مالَ له ولا حِرفَةَ [تَقَعُ مِنه] (^١) مَوقِعًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في دُعائه: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الفَقرِ والقِلَّةِ والذِّلَّةِ، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِن أن أظلِمَ أو أُظلَمَ\" (^٢).\nورُوّينا أيضًا في حَديثِ أبي بكرَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الكُفرِ والفَقرِ\" (^٣).\nوفِى حَديثِ أبي صالِحِ عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"اقضِ عَنّا الدَّينَ، وأَغنِنا مِنَ الفَقرِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ محمدٍ مَولَى\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يقع به\"، وفى م: \"يقع بها\".\n(^٢) الحا كم ١/ ٥٤٠، ٥٤١ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٤٤)، وابن حبان (١٠٣٠) من طريق موسى ابن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٨٠٥٣)، والنساتى (٥٤٧٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٨١)، وأبو داود (٥٠٩٠)، والترمذي (٣٥٠٣)، والنسائي (١٣٤٦)، وابن خزيمة (٧٤٧)، وابن حبان (١٠٢٨). وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩٦٠)، ومسلم (٢٧١٣/ ٦١)، وأبو داود (٥٠٥١)، والترمذي (٣٤٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٦٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٧٣)، وابن حبان (٥٥٣٧) من طريق أبي صالح به.","vol":"13","page":388},{"text":"عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- قال: حدثنا هِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا [عُبَيدُ اللهِ] (^١) بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا جُنادَةُ بنُ أبي أمَيَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتٍ -﵁- يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"اللَّهمَّ أحينِى مِسكينًا، وتَوَفَّنِى مِسكينًا، واحشُرنِى في زمرَةِ المَساكينِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٨٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ (^٣) بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِى، حدثنا أحمد بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِىُّ، حدثنا ثابِتُ بنُ محمدٍ الكِنانِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ النُّعمانِ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهمَّ أحيِنِى مِسكينًا، وأَمِتنِى مِسكينًا، واحشُرنِى في زُمرَةِ المَساكينِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ولِمَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لأنَّهُم يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ قَبلَ الأغنياءِ بأَربَعينَ خَريفًا، يا عائشَة لا تَرُدِّى المِسكينَ ولَو بشِقِّ تَمرَةٍ، يا عائشَةُ أحِبِّى المَساكينِ وقَرِّبيهِم، فإِنَّ اللهَ يُقَرِّبُكِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٤).\nقال أصحابُنا: فقَدِ استَعاذَ مِنَ الفَقرِ، وسأَلَ المَسكَنَةَ، وقَد كان له بَعض الكِفايَةِ، فَدَلَّ على أنَّ المِسكينَ مَن له بَعضُ الكِفايَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِىَ في حَديثِ شَيبانَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (١٤٢٧) من طريق هقل به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٦٧: موسى ليس بثقة.\n(^٣) في م: \"المظفر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٣٥٢) من طريق ثابت به، وقال: غريب. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٦٨: الحارث منكر الحديث.","vol":"13","page":389},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه استَعاذَ مِنَ المَسكَنَةِ والفَقرِ، فلا يَجوزُ أن تكونَ استِعاذَتُهَ مِن الحالِ التى شَرَّفَها في أخبارٍ كَثيرَةٍ، ولا مِنَ الحالِ التى سأَلَ أن يُحيَا ويُماتَ عَلَيها، ولا يَجوزُ أن تكونَ مَسأَلته مُخالِفَةً لِما ماتَ -ﷺ- عَلَيه، فقَد ماتَ مَكفيًّا بما أفاءَ اللهُ تَعالَى عَلَيه، ووَجهُ هذه الأحاديثِ عِندِى -واللهُ أعلَمُ- أنَّه استَعاذَ مِن فِتنَةِ الفَقرِ والمَسكَنَةِ اللَّذينِ يَرجِعُ مَعناهُما إلَى القِلَّةِ كما استَعاذَ مِن فِتنَةِ الغِنَى، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n\n١٣٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَتَعَؤَذُ يقولُ: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذ بكَ مِن فِتنَةِ النّارِ، وفِتنَةِ القَبرِ وعَذابِ القَبرِ، وشَرِّ فِتنَةِ الغِنَى وشَرِّ فِتتَةِ الفَقرِ، اللَّهمَّ إنِّى أعوذُ بكَ مِن شرِّ فِتنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وهَذا حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ قَد أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\nوفيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه إنَّما استَعاذَ مِن فِتنَةِ الفَقرِ دونَ حالِ الفَقرِ، ومِن فِتنَةِ الغِنَى دونَ حالِ الغِنَى، وأَمَّا قَولُه إن كان قالَه: \"أحيِنى مِسكينًا، وأَمِتنِى مِسكينًا\" فهو إن صحَّ طَريقُه -وفيه نَظَرٌ- والَّذِى يَدُل عَلَيه حالُه عِندَ وفاتِه، أنَّه لَم يَسأَلْ حالَ المَسكَنَةِ التى يَرجِعُ مَعناها إلَى القِلَّةِ، وِإنَما سأَلَ المَسكَنَةَ التى يَرجِعُ مَعناها إلَى الإِخباتِ والتَّواضُعِ، فكأَنَه -ﷺ- سأَلَ اللهَ تَعالَى ألا يَجعَلَه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠١)، وأبو داود (١٥٤٣)، والترمذي (٣٤٩٥)، والنسائي (٥٤٨١)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٣٨) من طريق هشام به. وابن حبان (١٩٦٨) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٣٦٨، ٦٣٧٧)، ومسلم ٤/ ٢٠٧٨ (٥٨٩) عن أبي معاوية به.","vol":"13","page":390},{"text":"الجَبّارينَ المُتَكَبِّرينَ، وألا يَحشُرَه في زُمرَةِ الأغنياءِ المُترَفينَ. قال القُتَيبِىُّ (^١): والمَسكَنَةُ حَرفٌ مأخوذٌ مِنَ السُّكونِ، يُقالُ: تَمَسكَنَ الرَّجُلُ. إذا لانَ وتَواضَعَ وخَشَعَ، ومِنه قَولُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لِلمُصَلِّى: \"تَباءَسْ وتَمَسكَنْ\". يُريدُ: تَخَشَّعْ وتَواضَعْ للهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، اتَّقوا اللهَ، ولا يَحمِلَنَّكُمُ الغِرَّةُ على أن تَطلُبوا الرِّزقَ مِن غَيرِ حِلِّه، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"اللَّهمَّ احشُرْنِى في زُمرَةِ المَساكينِ، ولا تَحشُرْنِى في زُمرَةِ الأغنياءِ، فإِن أشقَى الأشقياءِ مَنِ اجتَمَعَ عَلَيه فقرُ الدُّنيا وعَذابُ الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2880>بابُ الفَقيِر أوِ المِسكيِن له كَسْب أو حِرفَةٌ تُغنيه وعيالَه فلا يُعطَى بالفَقرِ والمَسكَنَةِ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٣٢٨٣ - أخبَرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"القعنبي\".\n(^٢) تأويل مختلف الحديث لابن قتيبة ص ١٦٧، ١٦٨. وتقدم الحديث في (٤٦٣٧، ٤٦٣٨).\n(^٣) في حاشية نسخة الأصل من المهذب كما في المطبوعة ٥/ ٢٥٦٨: خالد واه. اهـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ١٩٦.","vol":"13","page":391},{"text":"الطَّبرانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن رَيحانَ بنِ يَزيدَ العامِرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الله بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِىٍّ، ولا لِذِى مِرَّة سوِىٍّ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٢٨٤ - رَواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ فقالا في الحديثِ: \"ولا لِذِى مِرَّة قَوِىٍّ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ هَكَذا مَرفوعًا، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه أيضًا في لَفظِهِ:\n\n١٣٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وقالَ: \"ولا لِذِى مِرَّةِ قَوِىٍّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ هو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٧١٥٥)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٦٥٢) وقال: حسن. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٣٠) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٣٨٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠٧. وقال: هكذا قال الثوري وشعبة، وفى حديث إبراهيم بن سعد: سوى. وأخرجه الترمذي (٦٥٢) من طريقين أحدهما طريق الطيالسي. وعنده: سوى.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٧. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار ١/ ٤١١ (٧٥٥ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"13","page":392},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: \"ولا لِذِى\nمِرَّة سَوِيٍّ\" (^١).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبيه (^٢)، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه أيضًا فى رَفعِه ولَفظِه، وفِى رِوايَةِ مَن رَفَعَه كِفايَةٌ.\nومَعنَى المِرَّةِ القوَّةُ، وأَصلُها مِن شِدَّةِ فتلِ الحَبلِ.\n\n١٣٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣) السُّنِّيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عُبيدُ اللهِ بنُ الشُّمَيطِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبى والأخضَرُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ زُهَيرٍ العامِرِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ لِعبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵄-: أخبِرْنِى عن الصَّدَقَةِ؛ أىُّ مالٍ هِىَ؟ قال: هِىَ شَرُّ مالٍ؛ إنَّما هِىَ مالٌ لِلعُميانِ والعُرجانِ والكُسحانِ واليَتامَي، وكُلِّ مُنقَطَعٍ بهِ. فقُلتُ: إنَّ لِلعامِلينَ عَلَيها حَقًّا ولِلمُجاهِدينَ. فقالَ: لِلعامِلينَ عَلَيها بقَدرِ عُمالَتِهِم، ولِلمُجاهِدينَ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ قَدرَ حاجَتِهِم. أو قال: حالِهِم. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَحِلُّ لَغَنِيٍّ ولا لِذِى مِرَّه سَوِيٍّ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ١٤ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٣٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣٩).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"عيسى\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٠٠.\n(^٤) المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٣٠٣)، وفى المعرفة (٤٠٣٢) وليس فيهما المرفوع. وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٣/ ١٣٢ من طريق شميط والأخضر موقوفًا، وعنده: ابن عمر. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١١/ ٥١٧، ٥١٨ من طريق الأخضر موقوفًا. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٦٢، ٢٦٣، وابن زنجويه فى الأموال (٢٠٤٢) من طريق شميط موقوفًا، وعندهما: ابن عمر. وسقط من عند البخاري ذكر عطاء.","vol":"13","page":393},{"text":"١٣٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ ﵁فقيلَ لِسُفيانَ: هو عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: لَعَلَّه- قال: \"لا تَصلُحُ الصَّدَقَةُ لَغَنِيٍّ، ولا لِذِى مِرَّةٍ سَوِىٍّ\" (^١).\nورَواه الحُمَيدِيُّ عن سُفيانَ بإِسنادِه، وقالَ: عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- يَبلُغُ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَحِلُّ لِغَنِيٍّ، ولا لِذِى مِرَّةٍ سَوِىٍّ\" (^٣).\nورَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيَّاشٍ مَرَّةً أُخرَى عن أبى حَصينٍ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n١٣٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٩٦). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٦١٩٩) من طريق سمان به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٨٥٩) من طريق أبى حازم به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ٩٢: رواه الطبرانى فى الأوسط ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٨٧) من طريق سمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٠٨)، والنسائي (٢٥٩٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٣٩)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٠) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياض به، وصححه الألباني فى صحيح النسائى (٢٤٣٤). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح النسائى (٢٤٣٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ١٤ من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به.","vol":"13","page":394},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ الخيارِ، عن رَجُلَينِ قالا: أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَقسِمُ نَعَمَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فسأَلناه فصَعَّدَ فينا النَّظَرَ وصَوَّبَ فقالَ: \"ما شِئْتُما، فلا حَقَّ فيها لِغَنِيٍّ، ولا لِقَوِيٍّ مُكتَسِبٍ\". وفى رِوايَةِ الصَّفَّارِ: فصعَّدَ فينا (^١) البَصَرَ وصَوَّبَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2881>بابُ مَن طَلَبَ الصَّدَقَةَ بالمَسكَنَةِ أوِ الفَقرِ، ولَيسَ عِندَ الوالِى يَقينُ ما قالَ</span>\n\n١٣٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَة، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ الخيارِ قال: أخبرَنِي رَجُلانِ أنَّهُما أتَيا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وهو يَقسِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، فسأَلاه مِنها فرَفَعَ فينا البَصَرَ وخَفَضَه، فرآنا جَلدَينِ فقالَ: \"إن شِئتُما أعطَيتُكُما، ولا حَظَّ فيها لِغَنِيٍّ، ولا لِقَوِيٍّ مُكتَسِبٍ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2882>بابٌ: الخَليفَةُ ووالِى الإِقليم العَظيمِ الَّذِى لا يَلِى قَبضَ الصَّدَقَةِ، لَيسَ لَهُما فى سَهمِ العامِليَن عَلَيها حَقٌّ</span>\n\n١٣٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٩٧). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٢/ ٦١٠ من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. والشافعى ٢/ ٨٣، ٨٤ عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٦٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٦٣)، والنسائي (٢٥٩٧) من طريق هشام به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٧٠: سنده صحيح.","vol":"13","page":395},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أنَّه قال: شَرِبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- لَبَنًا فأَعجَبَه، فسأَلَ الَّذِى سَقاه: مِن أينَ لَكَ هَذا اللَّبَنُ؟ فأَخبَرَه أنَّه ورَدَ على ماءٍ قَد سَماه: فإِذا نَعَمٌ مِن نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ وهُم يَسقونَ، فحَلَبوا لِى من ألبانِها، فجَعَلتُه فى سِقائى هَذا. فأَدخَلَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إصبَعَه واستَقاءَه (^١).\n\n١٣٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ (^٢) الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا عيسَى بنُ إبراهيمَ الغافِقِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ بُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجِّ حَدَّثَه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّ ابنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ قَدِمَ بصدَقاتٍ سَعَى عَلَيها، فلَمّا قَدِمَ الحَرَّةَ خَرَجَ عَلَيه عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁-، فقَرَّبَ إلَيه تَمرًا ولَبَنًا وزُبدًا، فأَكَلوا وأَبَى عُمَرُ -﵁- أن يأكلَ، فقالَ ابن أبى رَبيعَةَ: واللَّهِ، أصلَحَكَ الله، إنَّا لَنَشرَبُ ألبانَها، ونُصيبُ مِنها. فقالَ: يا ابنَ أبى رَبيعَةَ، إنِّى لَستُ كَهَيئَتِكَ، إنَّكَ واللَّهِ تَتَبعُ أذنابَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2883>بابٌ: العامِلُ على الصَّدَقَةِ يأخُذُ مِنها بقَدرِ عَمَلِه وإن كان موسِرًا</span>\n\n١٣٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٨١٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٦٩، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٢/ ٨٤.\n(^٢) فى م: \"حبان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عيد فى الأموال (١٩٥٦) - ومن طريقه الخطيب فى الكفاية ص ١٨١ من طريق عمرو ابن الحارث به.","vol":"13","page":396},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إلا لِخَمْسَةٍ؛ لِغازٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، أو لِعامِلٍ عَلَيها، أو لِغارِمٍ، أو لِرَجُل اشتَراها بمالِه، أو رَجُلٍ كان له جارٌ مِسكينٌ، فتُصُدِّقَ على المِسكينِ فأَهدَى المِسكينُ لِلغَنِيِّ\" (^١).\nأرسَلَه مالكٌ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٢)، وأَسنَدَه مَعمَرٌ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ:\n\n١٣٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، [عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إلَّا لِخَمسَة، لِرَجُلٍ عامِلٍ عَلَيها، أو رَجُلٍ اشتَراها بمالِه، أو مِسكينٍ تُصُدِّقَ عَلَيه بها فأَهداها لِغَنِيٍّ، أو غارِمٍ، أو غازٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٤).\nورَواه الثورِىُّ] (^٣) عن زَيدٍ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الثَّبثُ (^٥) عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٦)، وتارَةً عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦٣٥)، ومالك ١/ ٢٦٨. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٣/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣ من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) مكرر فى: م.\n(^٤) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٠٣٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٧١٥١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٥٨)، وأبو داود (١٩٣٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٤١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٤). وسيأتى فى (١٣٣٢٧). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٧٠٦).\n(^٥) فى م: \"الليث\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى فى العلل ١١/ ٢٧١ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧١٥٢) عن الثورى به.","vol":"13","page":397},{"text":"ورَواه أبو الأزهَرِ السَّلِيطيُّ عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ والثَّورِيِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، كما رَواه مَعمَرٌ وحدَه:\n\n١٣٢٩٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ والثورِيُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٣٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ على الإيادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَأدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيرٌ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ السَّاعِدِيِّ المالِكِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ السَّعدِيِّ المالِكِىِّ (^٢) أنَّه قال: استَعمَلَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- على الصَّدَقَةِ، فلَمَّا فرَغتُ مِنها وأَدَّيتُها إلَيه أمَرَ لِى بعُمالَةٍ (^٣)، فقُلتُ: إنَّما عَمِلتُ للهِ، وأَجرِى على اللهِ. فقالَ: خُذْ ما أُعطيتَ، فإِنِّى قَد عَمِلتُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فعَمَّلَنِى فقُلتُ مِثلَ قَولِكَ، فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أُعطيتَ شَيئًا مِن غَيرِ أن تَسأَلَ فكُلْ وتَصَدَّقْ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٣٠٥). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٢١، وفى العلل ١١/ ٢٧١ من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) ليس فى: ز. وتقدم وروده بالنسبتين \"السعدى\" و\"الساعدى\" فى (١٣١٤٥).\n(^٣) عمالة: أجرة العامل عمل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٢٣٨٥) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (١٣١٤٥).","vol":"13","page":398},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا أخضَرُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- قال: قُلتُ: لِلعامِلينَ عَلَيها؟ يَعنِى حَقًّا، قال: نَعَم، على قَدرِ عُمالَتِهِم (^٢).\n\n١٣٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كَلَّمَ فيَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- رَجُلًا استُعمِلَ على الصَّدَقَةِ، فأَعفانِى مِنَ الخُروجِ مَعَه، وأَعطانِى رِزقِى وأَنا مُقيمٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2884>بابٌ: لا يُكْتَمُ مِنها شَيءٌ</span>\n\n١٣٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَميرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، مَن عَمِلَ مِنكُم لَنا على عَمَل، فكَتَمَنا مِخْيَطًا فما فوقَه، فهو غُلٌّ يأتِى بِهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ أسوَدُ كأَنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه مِنَ الأنصارِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٤٥/ ١١٢).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٢٨٧) بنحوه مطولًا.","vol":"13","page":399},{"text":"فقالَ: اقبلْ (^١) عَنِّى عَمَلَكَ. قال: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: سَمِعتُكَ تَقولُ الَّذِى قُلتَ. قال: \"وأَنا أقولُه الآنَ، مَنِ استَعْمَلناه على عَمَلٍ فليأتِنا بقَليلِه وكَثيرِه، فما أُعطِىَ مِنه أخَذَ، وما نُهِىَ عنه انتَهَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٠١ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن عَدِيٍّ بنِ عَميرَةَ الكِندِيِّ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- يقولُ. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقامَ رَجُل مِنَ الأنصارِ أسوَدُ كأَنِّى أراه فقالَ: دونَكَ عَمَلَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"فما أوتِىَ مِنه أخَذَ، وما نُهِىَ عنه انتَهَى\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ راهُويَه عن الفَضلِ، وأَخرَجَه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمروٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُروةُ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، ثُمَّ السّاعِدِىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- استَعمَلَ عامِلًا على الصَّدَقَةِ، فجاءَ العامِلُ حينَ قَدِمَ مِن عَمَلِه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، هَذا الَّذِى لَكُم، وهَذا الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أتحمل\"، وفى م: \"تحمل\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٧٧٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنّف فى الصغرى (١٣١٧) من طريق حاجب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٣٣).","vol":"13","page":400},{"text":"أُهدِىَ لى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فهَلَّا قَعَدتَ فى بَيتِ أبيكَ وأُمِّكَ فنَظَرتَ إن كان يُهدَى لَكَ أم لا؟ \". ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَشيَّةً على المِنبَرِ بَعدَ الصَّلَاةَ، فتَشَهَّدَ وأَثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَّا بَعدُ، فما بالُ العامِلِ نَستَعمِلُه فيأتينا فيقولُ: هَذا مِن عَمَلِكُم، وهَذا الَّذِى أُهدِىَ لِى؛ فهَلَّا قَعَدَ فى بَيتِ أبيه وأُمِّه فنَظَرَ، هَل يُهدَى له أم لا؟ والَّذِى نَفسُ مُحمدٍ بيَدِه، لا يَقبَلُ أحَدٌ مِنكُم مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا جاءَ به يَومَ القيامَةِ يَحمِلُه على عُنُقِه، إن كان بَعيرًا جاءَ به له رُغاءٌ، وإِن كانَت بَقَرَةً جاءَ بها ولَها خُوارٌ، وِإن كانَت شاةً جاءَ بها تَيعَرُ، فقَد بَلَّغتُ\". قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَدَه حَتَّى إنّا لَنَنظُرُ إلَى عُفرَةِ إبْطَيهِ. قالَ أبو حُمَيدٍ: وقَد سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فسَلوه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِاللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِماسَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَدخُلُ صاحِبُ مَكسٍ الجَنَّةَ\". قال يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ: يَعنِى العَشَّارَ (^٣). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (٦٥٦)، والدارمى (١٧١١)، وأبو عوانة (٧٠٦٦)، والطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣١٠٦) عن أبى اليمان به. وتقدم فى (٧٧٣٩)، وسيأتى فى (٢٠٥٠٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٣٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٥٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٣) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"13","page":401},{"text":"إسحاقَ (^١). والمَكسُ هو النُّقصانُ، فإِذا كان العامِلُ فى الصَّدَقاتِ يَنتَقِصُ مِن حُقوقِ المَساكينِ ولا يُعطيهِم إيَّاها بالتَّمامِ، فهو حينَئذٍ صاحِبُ مَكسٍ يُخافُ عَلَيه الإِثمُ والعُقوبَةُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2885>بابُ فضلِ العامِلِ على الصَّدَقَةِ بالحَقِّ</span>\n\n١٣٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"العامِلُ على الصَّدَقَةِ بالحَقِّ كالغازِى فى سَبيلِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى بَيته\" (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2886>بابُ مَن يُعطَى مِنَ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم مِن سَهمِ المَصالِحِ خُمسَ خُمسِ (^٤) الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ ما يُتَأَلَّفُ به وإن كان مُسلِمًا</span>\n\n١٣٣٠٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٣٧). وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٦٣١).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٦ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذى (٦٤٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٣٤) من طريق أحمد بن خالد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (١٧٢٨٥)، وابن ماجة (١٨٠٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٣٦). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٤٥).\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"13","page":402},{"text":"إملاءً، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ يُخبِرُ عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه -﵁- قال: لَمّا قَفَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن غَزوَةِ حُنَينٍ فكانَ هَمَّه النّاسُ يَسأَلونَه، فأَحاطَت به النَّاقَةُ فخَطِفَت شَجَرَةٌ رِداءَه فقالَ: \"رُدّوا عليَّ رِدائي، أتَخشَونَ عليَّ البُخلَ؟ لَو أفاءَ اللَّهُ عليَّ نَعَمًا مِثلَ سَمُرِ (^١) تِهامَةَ، لَقَسَمتُها بَينَكُم، ثُمَّ لا تَجِدونِى بَخيلًا ولا جَبانًا ولا كَذَّابًا\". ثُمَّ أخَذَ وبَرَةً مِن ذَروَةِ سَنامِ بَعيرِهِ فقالَ: \"ما لِى مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ عَلَيكُم ولا مِثلُ هذه إلَّا الخُمُسُ، وهو مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم، رُدّوا الخَيطَ والمِخيَطَ؛ فإِنَّ الغُلولَ عارٌ ونارٌ (^٢) وشَنارٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ والحُمَيدِىُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وابنُ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه -يَزيدُ أحَدُهُما على صاحِبه- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- قال: \"ما يَحِلُّ لِى مِمّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَيكُم (^٤) مِثلُ هذه إلًّا الخُمُسُ، وهو مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"تمر\". والسمر: ضرب من شجر الطلح. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٩.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٨٢٦٠).\n(^٤) بعده فى س، ز: \"إلا\". وضبب عليها فى الأصل، وفى المهذب ٥/ ٢٥٧٣: \"ولا\".\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٥٤). وسيأتى فى (١٨٢٦٠).","vol":"13","page":403},{"text":"١٣٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ غِياثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ لِى مِن هَذا الفَئِ إلَّا الخُمُسُ، والخُمُسُ مَردودٌ فيكُم\" (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يَعنِى بالخُمُسِ حَقَّه مِنَ الخُمُسِ، وقَولُه: \"مَردودٌ فيكُم\". يَعنِى فى مَصلَحَتِكُم (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ الجارودِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإِسماعيلِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ. وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن رافِعٍ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: أعطَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أبا سُفيانَ ابنَ حَربٍ، وصَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وعُيَينَةَ بنَ حِصنٍ، والأقرَعَ بنَ حابِسٍ مِائَةً مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ، وأَعطَى عباسَ بنَ مِرداسٍ دونَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قال سفيانُ: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٧٢٩)، وأبو داود (٢٦٩٤)، والنسائي (٣٦٩٠، ٤١٥٠) من طريق حماد عن ابن إسحاق عن عمرو به. وتقدم فى (١٣٠٦٥). وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٤٣).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٨٤.","vol":"13","page":404},{"text":"عُمَرُ أو غَيرُه في هَذا الحديثِ: فقالَ عباسُ بنُ مِرداسٍ:\nأتَجعَلُ نَهبِى ونَهبَ العُبَيـ .... ــــدِ بَينَ عُيَينَةَ والأقرَعِ؟\nفما كان بَدرٌ ولا حابِسٌ ... يَفوقانِ مِرداسَ فى المَجمَعِ؟\nوما كُنتُ دونَ امرِئٍ مِنهُما ... ومَن تَخفِضِ اليَومَ لا يُرفَعِ\nقال: فأَتَمَّ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِائَةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عبدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ الحُلوانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لَمّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ على رسولِه ما أفاءَ مِن أموالِ هَوازِنَ يَومَ حُنَينٍ طَفِقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُعطِى رِجالًا مِن قَومِه المِائَةَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: يَغفِرُ اللَّهُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، يُعطِى قُرَيشًا ويَتْرُكُنا وسُيوفُنا تَقطُرُ مِن دِمائهِم! فقالَ أنَسٌ -﵁-: بَلَغَ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ-، فأَرسَلَ إلَى الأنصارِ فجَمَعَهُم فى قُبَّةٍ مِن أدَمٍ، ولَم يَدعُ مَعَهُم أحَدًا، فلَمّا اجتَمَعوا قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما حَديثٌ بَلَغَنِى عَنْكُمْ؟ \". فقالَ فقهاءُ الأنصارِ: أمّا ذُوو الرَّأىِ مِنّا يا رسولَ اللَّه، فلَم يَقولوا شَيئًا، وأَمّا أُناسٌ حَديثَةٌ أسنانُهُم فقالوا: يَغفِرُ اللَّهُ لِرسولِه، يُعطِى قُرَيشًا ويَدَعُنا وسُيوفُنا تَقطُرُ مِن دِمائهِم! فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٠٣٥)، والحميدى (٤١٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٢٧) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٦٠/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨).","vol":"13","page":405},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى لأُعطِى [رَجِالًا حَديثٌ عَهدُهُم] (^١) بكُفرٍ فأَتأَلَّفُهُم، أفَلا تَرضَونَ أن يَذهَبَ النَّاسُ بالأموالِ وتَرجِعونَ إلَى رِحالِكُم برسولِ اللهِ؟ فواللهِ ما تَنقَلِبونَ به خَيرٌ مِمَّا يَنقَلِبونَ به\". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ لَهُم: \"إنَّكُم سَتَلقَونَ (^٢) بَعدِى أُثرَةً شَديدَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَوُا اللهَ ورسولَه، فإنِّى على الحَوضِ\".\nقالَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: فلَم نَصبِرْ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النُّعمانِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ تَغلِبَ قال: أتَى رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- مالٌ فأَعطَى قَومًا ومَنَعَ آخَرينَ، فبَلَغَه أنَّهُم عَتَبوا فقالَ: \"إنِّى أُعطِى الرَّجُلَ، وأَدَعُ الرَّجُلَ، والَّذِى أدَعُه أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الَّذِى أُعطيه، أُعطِى أقوامًا لِما فى قُلوبهِم مِنَ الجَزَعِ والهَلَعِ، وأَكِلُ أقوامًا إلَى ما جَعَلَ اللهُ فى قُلوبِهِم مِنَ الغِنَى والخَيرِ، مِنهُم عمرُو بنُ تَغلِبَ\". فقالَ عمرٌو: ما أُحِبُّ أنَّ لِى بكَلِمَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"رجلا حديث عهد\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"ستنقلبون\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٧٤٤١)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٨٣٣٥) من طريق يعقوب بن سعد به. وعند البخاري مقتصرًا على قوله ﷺ: اصبروا حتى .... وتقدم فى (١٣٠٦٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٥٩/ ...).\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٣٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٧٣) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٧٥٣٥).","vol":"13","page":406},{"text":"١٣٣١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ النَّضرِ الجارودِيُّ، وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى نُعمٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: بَعَثَ عليٌّ -﵁- وهو باليَمَنٍ بذَهَبَةٍ (^١) بتُربَتِها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقَسَمَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ أربَعَةِ نَفَرٍ؛ الأقرَعِ بنِ حابِسٍ الحَنظَلِيِّ، وعُيَينَةَ بنِ حِصنٍ الفَزارِيِّ، وعَلقَمَةَ بنِ عُلاثَةَ العامِرِىِّ أحَدِ بَنِى كِلابٍ، وزَيدِ الخَيلِ الطّائِيِّ، ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَنِى نَبهانَ، فغَضِبَت صَناديدُ قُرَيشٍ فقالَت: يُعطِى صَناديدَ نَجدٍ ويَدَعُنا! فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى إنَّما فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ لأتأَلَّفَهُم\". فجاءَ رَجُلٌ كَثُّ اللِّحيَةِ، مُشرِفُ الوَجنَتَينِ، غائرُ العَينَينِ، ناتِئُ الجَبينِ، مَحلوقُ الرأسِ فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللهِ يا محمدُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ومَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ إن عَصَيتُه؟ يأمَنُنِى على أهلِ الأرضِ ولا تأمَنونِى! \". ثُمَّ أدبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فاستأذَنَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فى قَتلِه -يُرَونَ أنَّه خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ- فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن مِن ضِئضِئِ هَذا قَومًا يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يُجاوِزُ حَناجِرَهُم، يَقْتُلونَ أهلَ الإِسلامِ ويَدَعونَ أهلَ الأوثانِ، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الدّينِ كما يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّةِ، لَئن أدرَكْتُهُم لأقتُلَنَّهُم قَتلَ عادٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بذهيبة\". وهو لفظ الرواية المتقدمة فى (٢٥٧٧). وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ١٦١.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٢٥٧٧) عن هناد به. وتقدم فى (١٣٠٧٧).","vol":"13","page":407},{"text":"السرِيَّ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2887>بابُ مَن يُعطَى مِنَ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم مِن سَهمِ المَصالِحِ رَجاءَ أن يُسلِمَ</span>\nقَد مَضَى فى حَديثِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديج -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أعطَى صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ (^٢). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يُسلِمَ، ولَكِنَّه قَد أعارَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أداة سِلاحًا، وقالَ فيه عِندَ الهَزيمَةِ أحسَنَ مِمَّا قال بَعضُ مَن أسلَمَ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أُناسٍ مِن آلِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ صَفوانَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا صَفوانُ، هَل عِندَكَ سِلاحٌ؟ \". قال: عاريَّةً أم غَصبًا؟ قال: \"بَل عاريَّةً\". قالَ: فأَعارَه ما بَينَ الثَّلاثينَ إلَى الأربَعينَ دِرعًا، وغَزا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حُنَينًا، فلَمَّا هَزَمَ المُشرِكينَ (^٤) جُمِعَت دُروعُ صَفوانَ ففَقَدَ مِنها أدراعًا، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لِصَفوانَ: \"إنَّا قَد فقَدنا مِن أدراعِكَ أدراعًا (^٥)، فهَل نَغرَمُ لَكَ؟ \". قال: لا يا رسولَ الله؛ لأنَّ فى قَلبِى اليَومَ ما لَم يَكُنْ يَومَئذٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٦٤/ ٤٣)، والبخارى (٣٣٤٤، ٤٦٦٧، ٧٤٣٢).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٣٠٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٨٤.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"المشركون\".\n(^٥) ليس فى: ز.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣٥٦٣)، وابن أبى شبة (٢٠٨١٦)، وعنده: \"إياس بن\". بدلًا من: \"أناس من آل\".\nوصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٤٣).","vol":"13","page":408},{"text":"١٣٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عتابٍ (^١) العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ أظُنُّه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى صفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ فى أداةٍ ذُكِرَت له عِندَه، فسأَلَه إيّاها فقالَ صفوانُ: أينَ الأمانُ؟ أتأخُذُها غَصبًا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن شِئتَ أن تُمسِكَ أداتَكَ فأَمسِكْها، وِإن أعَرتَنيها فهِىَ ضامِنَةٌ عليَّ حَتَّى تُؤَدَّى إلَيكَ\". فقالَ صفوانُ: لَيسَ بهَذا بأسٌ، وقَد أعَرتُكَها. فأَعطاه يَومَئذٍ -زَعَموا- مِائَةَ دِرعٍ وأَداتَها، وكانَ صفوانُ كَثيرَ السِّلاحِ، فقالَ لي رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اكفِنا حَملَها\". فحَمَلَها صفوانُ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ فى حَربِ حُنَينٍ قال فيها: ومَرَّ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ على صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ فقالَ: أبشِرْ بهَزيمَةِ محمدٍ وأَصحابِه. فقالَ له صَفوانُ: أبَشَّرتَنِى بظُهورِ الأعرابِ؟ فواللهِ لَرَبٌّ مِن قُرَيشٍ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن رَبٍّ مِنَ الأعرابِ. وبَعَثَ صفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ غُلامًا له فقالَ: اسمَعْ، لِمَنِ الشِّعارُ؟ فجاءَه الغُلامُ فقالَ: سَمِعتُهُم يَقولونَ: يا بَنِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، يا بَنِى عبدِ اللهِ، يا بَنى عُبَيدِ اللهِ. فقالَ: ظَهَرَ محمدٌ. وكانَ ذَلِكَ شِعارَهُم فى الحَربِ (^٢). لَفظُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"غياث\". ينظر تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٤٥٢.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٩٨، ٩٩، ١٢٩ - ١٣١.","vol":"13","page":409},{"text":"حَديثِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، وحَديثُ عُروةَ بمَعناه.\n\n١٣٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأكفانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: غَزا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- غَزوَةَ الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ المَدينَةِ فى رَمَضانَ، فأَعطَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ مِائَةً مِنَ النَّعَمِ، ثُمَّ مِائَةً، ثُمَّ مِائَةً. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ قال: واللهِ، لَقَد أعطانِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما أعطانِي وإنَّه لأبغَضُ النَّاسِ إلَيَّ، فما بَرِحَ يُعطينى حَتَّى إنَّه لأحَبُّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ الكِرمانِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا القاضى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدٌ الطَويلُ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ، [عن أنَسٍ] (^٣) قال: ما سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- على الإِسلامِ شَيئًا إلَّا أعطاه إيَّاه، فجاءَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٦٣٨)، والترمذى (٦٦٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٢٨) من طريق يونس به. وعندهم من مسند صفوان، وبدون آخره.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣١٣/ ٥٩).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"13","page":410},{"text":"رَجُلٌ فسأَلَه، فأَمَرَ له بغَنَمٍ بَينَ جَبَلَينِ، فرَجَعَ إلَى قَومِه فقالَ: يا قَومِ أسلِموا، فإِنَّ محمدًا يُعطِى عَطيَّةً لا يَخشَى الفاقَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عاصِمِ بنِ النَّضرِ عن خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣١٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ، حَدَّثَنَا الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- غَنَمًا بَينَ جَبَلَينِ، فأَعطاه إيّاه، فأَتَى قَومَه فقالَ: أىْ قَومِ أسلِموا، فواللَّهِ إنَّ محمدًا لَيُعطِى عَطاءً ما يَخافُ الفَقرَ. قال أنَس: إن كان الرَّجُلُ لَيُسلِمُ ما يُريدُ إلَّا الدُّنيا، فما يُسلِمُ حَتَّى يَكونَ الإسلامُ أحَبَّ إلَيه مِنَ الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2888>بابُ مَن يُعطَى مِنَ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم مِنْ سَهمِ الصَّدَقاتِ</span>\n\n١٣٣١٧ - فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ قال: أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولِلمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم فى قَسمِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٥١)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧١) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣١٢/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٩٠)، وابن حبان (٦٣٧٣) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣١٢/ ٥٨).","vol":"13","page":411},{"text":"الصَّدَقاتِ سَهمٌ، والَّذِى أحفظُ فيه مِن مُتَقَدِّمِ الخَبَرِ أنَّ عَدِىَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ جاءَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ -﵁-، أحسِبُه قال: بثَلاثِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ مِن صَدَقاتِ قَومِه، فأَعطاه أبو بكرٍ -﵁- مِنها ثَلاثينَ بَعيرًا، وأَمَرَه أن يَلحَقَ بخالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ بمَن أطاعَه مِن قَومِه، فجاءَه بزُهاءِ ألفِ رَجُلٍ، وأَبلَى بَلاءً حَسَنًا. ولَيسَ فى الخَبَرِ مِن أينَ أعطاه إيّاها، غَيرَ أنَّ الَّذِى يَكادُ أن يَعرِفَ القَلبُ بالاستِدلالِ بالأخبارِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، أنَّه أعطاه إيّاها مِن سَهمِ المُؤَلَّفَةِ (^١)، فإِمّا زادَه ليُرَغِّبَه فيما صَنَعَ، وإِمّا أعطاه ليَتأَلَّفَ به غَيرَه مِن قَومِه مِمَّن لا يَثِقُ به بمِثلِ ما يَثِقُ به مِن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ، فأَرَى أن يُعطَى مِن سَهمِ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم فى مِثلِ هَذا المَعنَى إن نَزَلَت نازِلَةٌ بالمُسلِمينَ، ولَن تَنزِلَ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2889>بابُ سُقوطِ سَهمِ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم وتَركِ إعطائهِم عِندَ ظُهورِ الإِسلامِ والاستِغناءِ عن التَّأَلُّفِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٣٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ دينارٍ الواسِطِيِّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: جاءَ عُيَينَةُ بنُ حِصنٍ والأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ إلَى أبى بكرٍ -﵁- فقالا: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، إنَّ عِندَنا أرضًا سَبِخَةً لَيسَ فيها كَلأٌ ولا مَنفَعَةٌ، فإِن رأَيتَ أن تُقطِعَناها لَعَلَّنا نَحرُثُها ونَزرَعُها.\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ز، م: \"قلوبهم\".\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٠٣٣)، والأم ٢/ ٨٥.","vol":"13","page":412},{"text":"فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى الإِقطاعِ وإِشهادِ عُمَرَ -﵁- عَلَيه ومَحوِه إيّاه، قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- كان يَتأَلَّفُكُما والإِسلامُ يَومَئذٍ ذَليلٌ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَد أعَزَّ الإِسلامَ، فاذهَبا فاجهَدا جَهدَكُما، لا أرعَى اللَّهُ عَلَيكُما إن رَعَيتُما (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال: لَم يَبقَ مِنَ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم أحَدٌ، إنَّما كانوا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمَّا استُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- انقَطَعَتِ الرِّشا (^٢).\nوعن الحَسَنِ قال: أمّا المُؤَلَّفَةُ فلَيسَ اليَومَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُهاجِرٍ أبى الحَسَنِ قال: أتَيتُ أبا وائلٍ وأَبا بُردَةَ بالزَّكاةِ وهُما على بَيتِ المالِ فأَخَذاها، ثُمَّ جِئتُ مَرَّةً أُخرَي، فوَجَدتُ أبا وائلٍ وحدَه فقالَ: رُدَّها فضعْها مَواضِعَها. قُلتُ: فما أصنَعُ بنَصيبِ المُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلوبُهُم؟ قال: رُدَّه على آخَرينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى الجامع (١٦٢٣)، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٩/ ١٩٥ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٥٨٠)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٨١ وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٠٣٧٧)، والحاكم ٣/ ٨٠ من طريق المحاربى به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٨٥٥)، والمدونة ١/ ٢٩٧، وتفسير ابن جرير ١١/ ٥٢٢، وتفسير ابن أبى حاتم (١٠٣٧٨).\n(^٣) ينظر الأموال لابن زنجويه (٢٠٤٣)، وتفسير ابن جرير ١١/ ٥٢٢.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١٠٢٢ - تفسير)، وعنه ابن سعد ٦/ ٩٧.","vol":"13","page":413},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2890>بابُ سَهمِ الرِّقَابِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَفِي الرِّقَابِ﴾ [التوبة: ٦٠] قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَعنِى المُكاتَبينَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَكَذا قالَه الزُّهرِيُّ (^٢) فمَن بَعدَه مِن فُقَهاءِ أكثَرِ الأمصارِ.\n\n١٣٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أن أبا مُؤَمَّلٍ أوَّلُ مُكاتَبٍ كوتِبَ فى الإِسلامِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اعينوا أبا مُؤَمَّل\". فأُعينَ ما أعطَى كِتابَتَه، وفَضَلَت فضلَةٌ، فاستَفتَى فيها رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمرَه أن يَجعَلَها فى سَبيلِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، عن حِبَّانَ بنِ موسَي، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدَّاناجِ أنَّ فُلانًا الحَنَفِيّ حَدَّثَه قال: شَهِدتُ يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ، فقامَ مُكاتَبٌ إلَى أبى موسَى -﵁-، فكانَ أوَّلَ سائلٍ رايتُه فقالَ: إنِّى إنسانٌ مُثقَلٌ مُكاتَبٌ. فحَثَّ النَّاسَ عَلَيه، فقُذِفَت إلَيه الثِّيابُ والدَّراهِمُ حَتَّى قال: حَسبِى. فانطَلَقَ إلَى أهلِه فوَجَدَهُم قَد أعطَوه مُكاتبَتَه، وفَضَلَ ثَلاثُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فأَتَى أبا موسَى\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٨٥.\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ١١/ ٥٢٤.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٧٧: هذا منقطع مع ضعف ابن لهيعة.","vol":"13","page":414},{"text":"فسأَلَه، فأَمرَه أن يَجعَلَها فى نَحوِه مِنَ النّاسِ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عليّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قِصَّةً شَبيهَةً بهَذِه القِصَّةِ قال: فأَتَى عَليًّا -﵁- فسأَلَه عن الفَضلَةِ فقالَ: اجعَلْها فى المُكاتَبينَ. وهِىَ مُخَرَّجَةٌ فى كِتابِ المُكاتَبِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2891>بابُ سَهمِ الغارِميَن</span>\n\n١٣٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ رِئابٍ، عن كِنانَةَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ المُخارِقِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أسأَلُه فى حَمالَةٍ فقالَ: \"إنَّ المَسأَلَةَ حُرِّمَت إلَّا فى ثَلاثٍ؛ رَجُل تَحَمَّلَ حَمالَةً، حَلَّتَ له المَسأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَها، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُلٍ أصابَته جائحَةٌ فاجتاحَت مالَه، حَلَّت له المَسأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصيبَ قِوامًا مِن عَيشٍ أو سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُلٍ أصابَته حاجَةٌ أو فاقَةٌ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّمَ ثَلَاثةٌ مِن ذَوِى الحِجَا مِن قَومِه: لَقَد حَلَّت له المَسأَلَةُ. فما سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَسائلِ فهو سُحتٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٤١).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٢١٦٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٠٢٩). وتقدم فى (١١٥١١) عن ابن بشران به.","vol":"13","page":415},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ رِئابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا كِنانَةُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ العَدَوِيُّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ مُخارِقٍ الهِلالِيِّ قال: تَحَمَّلتُ حَمالَةً فأَتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أسألُه فيها فقالَ: \"أقِمْ يا قَبيصَةُ حَتَّى تأْتَيِنَا الصَّدَقَةُ فنأمُرَ لَكَ بها\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا قَبيصَةُ، إنَّ المَسأَلَةَ لا تَحِلُّ إلَّا لأحَدِ ثَلاثَةٍ؛ رَجُل تَحَمّلَ حَمالَةً فحَلَّت له المَسأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصيبَها، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُلٌ أصابَته جائحَةٌ فاجتاحَت مالَه فحَلَّت له المَسأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصيبَ قِوامًا من عَيشٍ -أو قال: سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ- ورَجُلٍ أصابَته فاقَةٌ حَتَّى يقُولَ ثَلاثَةٌ مِن ذَوِى الحِجَا مِن قَومِه، أن قَد أصابَت فُلانًا فاقَةٌ، فحَلَّت له الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يُصيبَ قِوامًا مِن عَيشٍ، أو سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ، فما سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَسأَلَةِ يا قَبيصَةُ سُحتٌ يأكلُها صاحِبُها سُحتًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطيِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٦١) عن أحمد بن عبدة به. والنسائي (٢٥٧٨، ٢٥٧٩)، وابن حبان (٣٣٩٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٣٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٤٤).","vol":"13","page":416},{"text":"يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَعمَرٍ المِنقَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن جَدِّى قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا قَومٌ تُسأَلُ أموالُنا. فقالَ: \"ليَسألْ أحَدُكُم فى الحاجَةِ أوِ الفَتقِ ليُصلِحَ بَينَ قَومِه، فإذا بَلَغَ أو كَرَبَ (^١) استَعَفَّ\" (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الفَتقُ الحَربُ، تَكُونُ بَينَ الفَريقَينِ فتَقَعُ بَينَهُمُ الدِّماءُ والجِراحاتُ، فيَحمِلُها (^٣) رَجُلٌ ليُصلِحَ بَينَهُم بذَلِكَ، فيَسأَلَ فيها حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَها إلَيهِم. وقَولُه: \"استَغنى أو كَرَبَ\". يقولُ: دَنا مِن ذَلِكَ وقَرُبَ مِنه. وقَولُه: \"سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ\". هو بكَسرِ السِّينِ، وكُلُّ شَئٍ سَدَدتَ به خَلَلًا فهو سِدادٌ (^٤).\n\n١٣٣٢٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبّادٍ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إلَّا لِخَمسَةٍ؛ لِعامِل عَلَيها، أو رَجُلٍ اشتَراها بمالِه، أو غارِمٍ، أو غازٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، أو مِسكينٍ تُصُدِّقَ عَلَيه مِنها فأَهدَى مِنها لِغَنيٍّ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كرب: دنا من الاستغناء. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٣٣) عن يزبد به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٣/ ١٠٠: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فيتحملها\".\n(^٤) غريب الحديث ٢/ ٦٠، ٦١.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٣٢٩٦).","vol":"13","page":417},{"text":"١٣٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا المُقرِئُ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عُقَيلٌ ويونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَمَلَ مِن أُمَّتِى دَينًا جَهَدَ فى قَضائه فماتَ قَبلَ أن يَقضيَه، فأَنا وليُّه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2892>بابُ سَهمِ سَبيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍ إلَّا لِخَمسَةٍ؛ لِغَازٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، أو لِعامِلٍ عَلَيها، أو لِغارِمٍ، أو لِرَجُلٍ اشتَراها بمالِه، أو لِرَجُل كان له جارٌ مِسكين فَتُصُدِّقَ على المِسكينِ، فأَهدَى المِسكينُ لِلغَنِيِّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن عِمرانَ البارِقِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢١١)، وإسحاق (١٠٦٣)، وعبد بن حميد (١٥٢٠ - منتخب)، وأبو يعلى (٤٨٣٨)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩٣٣٨)، والقطيعى فى جزء الألف دينار (٩٣) من طريق المقرئ به. وليس عند أحمد ذكر يزيد. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ١٣٢: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٧، ٤٠٨ وصححه. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٣٢٩٤) وما بعدها.\n(^٣) فى م: \"المقرئ\".","vol":"13","page":418},{"text":"عن عَطيَّهَ العَوفِيِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إلَّا فى سَبيلِ اللهِ، أو ابنِ السَّبيلِ، أو جارٍ فقيرٍ فيُهدِى لَكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٣٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن فِراسٍ المُكتِبِ، عن عَطيَّةَ العَوفِيِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِلغَنِيِّ إذا كان فى سَبيل اللهِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ أبى قُرَّةَ قال: جاءَنا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: إنَّ أُناسًا يأخُذونَ مِن هَذا المالِ ليُجاهِدوا فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ يُخالِفونَ ولا يُجاهِدونَ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنهُم فنَحنُ أحَقُّ بمالِه حَتَّى نأخُذَ مِنه ما أخَذَ. قالَ أبو إسحاقَ: فقُمتُ إلَى أُسَيدِ بنِ عمرٍو فقُلتُ: ألا تَرَى إلَى ما حَدَّثَنِي به عمرُو بنُ أبى قُرَّةَ وحَدَّثتُه به؟ فقالَ: صَدَقَ، جاءَنا به كِتابُ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (١٦٣٧) من طريق محمد بن يوسف به. وابن خزيمة (٢٣٦٨) من طريق عطية به.\nوضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٥٩).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٣٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٥٩) من طريق شيبان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٣٧٠). وأخرجه البخاري فى تاريخه ٦/ ٣٦٤، ٣٦٥ من طريق أبى أسامة به.\nوعنده: يسير بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٥٧٩: سليمان أبو إسحاق لا أعرفه، والابن صدوق.","vol":"13","page":419},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2893>بابُ سَهمِ ابنِ السَّبيلِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى (^١)، عن عَطيَّةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إلَّا فى سَبيلِ اللهِ، وابنَ السَّبيلِ، أو يَكونُ لَكَ جارٌ مِسكينٌ فَتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيه، فيُهدِى لَكَ\" (^٢).\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، ابنَ سَبيلٍ غَنِيٍّ (^٣) فى بَلَدِه، مُحتاجٍ فى سَفَرِهِ. وحَديثُ عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ أصَحُّ طَريقًا، ولَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ ابنِ السَّبيلِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2894>بابٌ: لا وقتَ فيما يُعطَى الفُقَراءُ والمَساكينُ إلَّا ما يَخرُجونَ به مِنَ الفَقرِ والمَسكَنَةِ</span>\nرُوِّينا عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إنَّ اللهَ فرَضَ على الأغنياءِ فى أموالِهِم بقَدرِ ما يَكفِى فُقَراءَهُم (^٤). وعن عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إذا أعطَيتُم فأَغنُوا (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يعلى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٦٨) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به.\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٣٣٣٥).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٧٢٨٦)، والأموال لأبى عبيد (١٧٧٨)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٥١٨)، والأموال لابن زنجويه (٢٢٧٢)، ومكارم الأخلاق للخرائطى (١٣١).","vol":"13","page":420},{"text":"الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هارونَ بنِ رِئابٍ (^١) الأسَدِىِّ (^٢)، عن كِنانَةَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ العَدَوِيِّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ المُخارِق الهِلالِىِّ قال: تَحَمَّلتُ حَمالَةً فقَدِمَتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيها فقالَ: \"أقِمْ يا قَبيصَةُ حَتَّى تأتيَنا الصَّدَقَةُ فنأمُرَ لَكَ بها\". ثُمَّ قال: \"يا قَبيصَةُ، إنَّ المَسأَلَةَ لا تَحِلُّ إلَّا لإِحدَى ثَلَاثٍ؛ رَجُلٌ تَحَمَّلَ حَمالَةً فسأَلَ فيها حَتَّى يُصيبَها (^٣)، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُل أصابَته جائحَةٌ اجتاحَت مالَه فسأَلَ حَتَّى يُصيبَ سِدادًا [مِن عَيشٍ] (^٤)، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، ورَجُلٌ أصابَته حاجَةٌ شَديدَةٌ فقامَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِن ذَوِى الحِجَا مِن قَومِه فقالوا: قَد أصابَت فُلانًا فاقَةٌ أو حاجَةٌ شَديدَةٌ، فسأَلَ حَتَّى يُصيبَ سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ، أو قِوامًا مِن عَيشٍ، ثُمَّ يُمسِكُ، وما سِواهُنَّ مِنَ المَسائلِ سُحتٌ، يأكُلُها صاحِبُها سُحتًا\" (^٥). قالَها مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ كما مَضى (^٦).\n\n١٣٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"عن هارون\".\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ، وضبب فوقها فى الأصل، وفى مصادر الخريج: \"الأُسَيِّدىْ\". وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ١/ ١٥٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٥/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بها\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١٤٢٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٤٠) عن مسدد به. وتقدم فى (١٣٣٢٣).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٤٤/ ١٠٩).","vol":"13","page":421},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن يَعلَى مَولًى لِفاطِمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيبر، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُصعَبُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَعلَى بنُ أبى يَحيَي، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ حُسَينِ، [عن حُسَينِ] (^١) بنِ عليٍّ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لِلسَّائلِ حَقٌّ وإِن جاءَ على فرَسٍ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الفِريابِيِّ: \"وإِن جاءَ على فرَسِه\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ، عن شَيخٍ رأَيتُ سُفيانَ عِندَه، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيها، عن عليٍّ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شِهابٍ، عن أبى عبدِاللَّهِ الثَّقَفِي، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ أنَّه سَمِعَ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: إنَّ اللَّهَ فرَضَ على الأغنياءِ فى أموالِهِم بقَدرِ ما يَكفِى فُقَراءَهُم، فإِن جاعوا وعَرُوا وجَهَدوا، فبِمنَعِ الأغنياءِ، وحَقٌّ على اللَّهِ أن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الشعب (٣٣١٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٦٨) من طريق سفيان به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الشعب (٣٣٩٧)، وأبو داود (١٦٦٥).","vol":"13","page":422},{"text":"يُحاسِبَهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ ويُعَذِّبَهُم عَلَيهِ (^١). محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ هَذا هو ابنُ الحَنَفيَّةِ، وأبو جَعفَرٍ هو محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ عن أبى شِهابٍ (^٢)، ورَواه علىُّ بنُ مسلِمٍ عن أبى شِهابٍ عن أبيَضَ بنِ أبانٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ يَعنِى أبا جَعفَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٣٦ - فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ [بنُ عليّ] (^٤) بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سأَلَ ولَه ما يغنيه جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ خُموشٌ، أو خُدوشٌ، أو كدوحٌ فى وجهِه\". فقيلَ: \" يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ومَا الغِنَى؟ قال: \"خَمسونَ دِرهَمًا أو قيمَتها مِنَ الذَّهَبِ\". قال يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ: فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ لِسُفيانَ: حِفظِى أنَّ شُعبَةَ كان لا يَروِى عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ. فقالَ سفيانُ: فقَد حَدَّثَنَا زُبَيدٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ (^٥) يَزيدَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٩٣١ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٩١٠) من طريق أبى شهاب دون ذكر ابن الحنفية.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦٠ عن موسى بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦٠ من طريق أبيض بن أبان به.\n(^٤) ليس فى: م.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ١/ ٤٠٧. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٢٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٤٠) عن الحسن بن على به. والترمذى (٦٥١)، والنسائي (٢٥٩١) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وأحمد (٤٢٠٧) من طريق سفيان به.\nوصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣٢).","vol":"13","page":423},{"text":"١٣٣٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذه الحِكايَةِ بَلاغًا عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ عن سُفيانَ، ثُمَّ قال يَعقوبُ: هِىَ حِكايَةٌ بَعيدَةٌ، ولَو كان حَديثَ حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن زُبَيدٍ ما خَفِىَ على أهلِ العِلمِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى أسَدٍ قال: نَزَلتُ أنا وأَهلِى ببَقيعِ الغَرقَدِ فقالَ على أهلِى: اذهَبْ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-[فسَلْه لَنا شَيئًا نأكُلُه. فجَعَلوا يَذكُرونَ مِن حاجَتِهِم، فذَهَبتُ إلَى رسولِ الله -ﷺ-] (^٢)، فوَجَدتُ عِندَه رَجُلًا يَسأَلُه ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما أجِدُ ما أُعطيكَ\". فتَوَلَّى الرَّجُلُ عنه وهو مُغضَبٌ وهو يقولُ: لَعَمرِي، إنَّكَ لتعطى مَن شِئتَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَغضَبُ عليَّ أَلَّا أجِدَ ما أُعطيه، مَن سأَلَ مِنكُم ولَه أوقيَّةٌ أو عِدلُها، فقَد سأَلَ إلحافًا\". قال الأسَدِىُّ: فقُلتُ: اللِّقحَةُ لَنا (^٣) خَيرٌ مِن أوقيَّةٍ. والأوقيَّةُ أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا. قال: فرَجَعتُ ولَم أسألْه. فقَدِمَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَ ذَلِكَ شَعيرٌ وزَبيبٌ، فقَسَمَ لَنا مِنه -[أو كما] (^٤) قال- حَتَّى أغنانا اللهُ (^٥). قال أبو داودَ: هَكَذا رَواه الثَّورِيُّ كما قال مالك (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٥ دون قوله: عن زبيد ما خفى على أهل العلم.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"لك\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: م.\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٦٢٧)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٩٩، ومن طريقه النسائى (٢٥٩٥). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣٣).\n(^٦) أبو داود عقب (١٦٢٧).","vol":"13","page":424},{"text":"١٣٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ [الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ] (^١) بنُ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى الرِّجالِ يَعنِى عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ يقولُ: قال أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ: استُشهِدَ أبى يَومَ أُحُدٍ مالكُ بنُ سِنانٍ، وتَرَكَنا بغَيرِ مالٍ. قال: وأَصابَتنا حاجَةٌ شَديدَةٌ، فقالَت لِى أُمِّى: يا بُنَىَّ ائتِ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- فسَلْه لَنا شَيئًا. فجِئتُه فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، وجَلَستُ وهو فى أصحابه جالِسٌ، فقالَ حينَ استَقبَلَنِى: \"إنّه مَن يَستَغنِ أغناه اللَّهُ، ومَن يَستَعفِفْ أعَفَّه اللَّهُ، ومَنِ استَكَفَّ كفَّه\". قال: قُلتُ: ما يُريدُ غَيرِى. فانصَرَفتُ ولَم أُكَلِّمْه فى شَئٍ، فقالَت لِي أُمِّى: ما فعَلتَ؟ فأَخبَرتُها الخَبَرَ. قال: فصبَرْنا، واللَّهُ يَرزُقُنا شَيئًا، فتَبَلَّغنا به حَتَّى ألَحَّت عَلَينا حاجَةٌ هِىَ أشَدُّ مِنها، فقالَت لِى أُمِّى: ائتِ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- فسَلْه لَنا شَيئًا. قالَ: فجِئتُه وهو جالِسٌ فى أصحابِه، فسَلَّمتُ وجَلَستُ فاستَقبَلَنِى وقالَ بالقَولِ الأوَّلِ وزادَ فيه: \"ومَن سأَلَ ولَه أوقيَّةٌ فهو مُلْحِفٌ\". قُلتُ فى نَفسِى: لَنا الياقوتَةُ، وهِىَ خَيرٌ مِن أوقيَّةٍ -قال: والأوقيَّةُ أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا (^٢) - فرَجَعتُ ولَم أسأَلْه (^٣). قال (^٤) عُبَيدٌ: الياقوتَةُ ناقَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٦٠)، وأبو داود (١٦٢٨)، والنسائي (٢٥٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٤٧)، وابن حبان (٣٣٩٠) من طريق ابن أبى الرجال به. وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣٤).\n(^٤) بعده فى س: \"أخبرنا أبو\"، وفى م: \"أبو\".","vol":"13","page":425},{"text":"١٣٣٤٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ (^١) الزَّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدونٍ الذُّهلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن داودَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن سأَلَ ولَه أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا فهو مُلحِفٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ المَدينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي رَبيعَةُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو كَبشَةَ السَّلولِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ الحَنظَليَّةِ الأنصارِيَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسكينُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبى كَبشَةَ السَّلولِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ ابنُ الحَنظَليَّةِ قال: قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُيَينَةُ بنُ حِصنٍ والأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ، فسأَلاه فأَمَرَ لَهُما بما سأَلا، وأَمَرَ مُعاويَةَ أن يَكتُبَ لَهُما بما سأَلا. قال: فأَمَّا الأقرَعُ فلَفَّ كِتابَه فى عِمامَتِه وانطَلَقَ، وأَمّا عُيَينَةُ فأَخَذَ كِتابَه فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا محمدُ، تَرَى أنِّى حامِلٌ إلَى قَومِى كِتابًا لا أدرِى ما فيه كَصَحيفَةِ مُتَلَمِّسٍ (^٣)؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٤٤٨) عن عبد الجبار بن العلاء به. والنسائي (٢٥٩٣) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الألباني فى صحيح النسائى (٢٤٣١): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) هو المتلمس الشاعر، كان هجا عمرو بن هند الملك فكتب له كتابًا إلى عامله يوهمه أنه أمر له فيه بعطية، وكان كتب بقتله، فارتاب المتلمس ففكه وقرأه، فلما علم ما فيه رمى به ونجا، فضربت العرب مثلًا بصحيفته. ينظر معالم السنن ٢/ ٥٨.","vol":"13","page":426},{"text":"فأَخَذَه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-، فنَظَرَ فيه فقالَ: \"قَد كَتَبَ لَكَ بالَّذِى أمَرتُ لَكَ به\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سأَلَ مَسأَلَةً وهو مِنها غَنِيٌّ، فإنَّما يَستَكثِرُ مِنَ النَّارِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وما الغِنَى الَّذِى لا يَنبَغِى مَعَه المَسأَلَةُ؟ قال: \"أن يَكونَ له شِبَعُ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ أو لَيلَة ويَومٍ\" (^١).\nولَيسَ شَئٌ مِن هذه الأحاديثِ بمُختَلِفٍ، فكأَنَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عَلِمَ ما يُغنِى كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم، فجَعَلَ غِناه به؛ وذَلِكَ لأنَّ النَّاسَ يَختَلِفونَ فى قَدرِ كِفاياتِهِم؛ فمِنهُم مَن يُغنيه خَمسونَ دِرهَمًا لا يُغنيه أقَلُّ مِنها، [ومِنهُم مَن يُغنيه أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا لا يُغنيه أقَلُّ مِنها] (^٢)، ومِنهُم مَن له كَسبٌ يَدِرُّ عَلَيه كُلّ يَومٍ ما يُغَدّيه ويُعَشّيه، ولا عيالَ له، فهو مُستَغنٍ بهِ.\n\n١٣٣٤٢ - وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا الأخضَرُ بنُ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فشَكا إلَيه الفاقَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ [فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَد جِئتُكَ مِن عِندِ أهلِ بَيتٍ ما أُرانِى أرجِعُ إلَيهِم حَتَّى يَموتَ بَعضُهُم. قالَ] (^٢): فقالَ لى: \"انطَلِقْ حَتَّى تَجِدَ مِن شَئٍ\". قال: فانطَلَقَ فجاءَ بحِلسٍ (^٣) وقَدَحٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، هَذا الحِلسُ كانوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٢٥) عن عليّ بن المدينى به. وأبو داود (١٦٢٩)، وابن خزيمة مختصرًا (٢٣٩١) من طريق النفيلى به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٣١).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) الحلس: الكساء. النهاية: ١/ ٤٢٣.","vol":"13","page":427},{"text":"يَفتَرِشونَ بَعضَه ويَلبَسونَ بَعضَه، وهَذا القَدَحُ كانوا يَشرَبونَ فيه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يأخُذُهُما مِنِّى بدِرهَمٍ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يَزيدُ على دِرهَمٍ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا آخُذُهُما باثنَينِ. فقالَ: \"هُما لَكَ\". قال: فدَعا الرَّجُلَ فقالَ له: \"اشتَرِ بدِرهَمٍ فأسًا، وبِدِرهَمٍ طَعامًا لأَهلِكَ\". قال: ففَعَلَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"انطَلِقْ إلَى هَذا الوادِى فلا تَدَعْ حاجًا (^١) ولا شَوكًا ولا حَطَبًا، ولا تأتِنِى خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا\". قال: فانطَلَقَ فأَصابَ عَشَرَةً قال: \"فانطَلِقْ فاشتَرِ بخَمسَةٍ طَعامًا لأَهلِكَ، [وبِخَمسَةٍ كسوَةً لأَهلِكَ] (^٢) \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، لَقَد بارَكَ اللهُ لِى فيما أمَرتَنِى. فقالَ: \"هَذا خَيرٌ مِن أن تَجِئَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وفِى وجهِكَ نُكتَةُ المَسأَلَةِ، إنَّ المَسأَلَةَ لا تَصلُحُ إلَّا لِثَلاثَةٍ؛ لِذِى دَمٍ موجِعٍ، أو غُرمٍ مُفظِعٍ، أو فقرٍ مُدقِع (^٣) \".\nقال الشيخُ: فإِن لَم تَقَعْ له الكِفايَةُ إلَّا بمِائَتَينِ أو بأُلوفٍ، أُعطِىَ قَدرَ أقَلِّ الكِفايَةِ، بدَليلِ ما رُوّينا فى حَديثِ قَبيصَةَ بنِ المُخارِقِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"حَتَّى تُصيبَ قِوامًا مِن عَيشِ، أو سِدادًا مِن عَيشٍ\" (^٤). وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاج: نوع من الثوك. النهاية ١/ ٤٥٧.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"مفقع\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٣٤)، وأبو داود (١٦٤١)، والترمذى (١٢١٨)، والنسائي (٤٥٢٠)، وابن ماجة (٢١٩٨) من طريق الاخضر به. مطولًا ومختصرًا. وقال الترمذى: حسن.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٣٣٣٢).\n(^٥) إلى هنا نهاية ما لدينا من المخطوطة الأزهرية (ز).","vol":"13","page":428},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2895>بابٌ: الرَّجُلِ يَقسِمُ صَدَقَتَه على قَرابَتِه وجيرانِه إذا كانوا مِن أهلِ السُّهمانِ</span>\nلِما جاءَ فى صِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وحَقِّ الجارِ.\n\n١٣٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ القُرَشِيُّ بهَراةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى المُزَرِّدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الرَّحِمُ شِجنَةٌ (^١) مِنَ اللَّهِ، مَن وصَلَها وصَلَه اللَّهُ، ومَن قَطَعَها قَطَعَه اللَّهُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الصَّغانِيِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الدّارِمِىِّ: \"الرَّحِمُ شِجنَةٌ مِنَ الرَّحمَنِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٣).\nورَواه حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن مُعاويَةَ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"الرَّحِمُ شَجنَةٌ\n_________\n(^١) شجنة: أى ترابة مشتبكة كاشتباك العروق. النهاية ٢/ ٤٤٧.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الأسماء والصفات (٧٨٩)، وفى الشعب (٧٩٤٠). وأخرجه ابن وهب (١٤٩) -ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (١٧٨ - مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف) - والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٥٥)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٩٨٩).","vol":"13","page":429},{"text":"مِنَ الرَّحمَنِ\" (^١).\nورَواه وكيعٌ عن مُعاويَةَ فقالَ فى الحديث: \"الرَّحِمُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بالعَرشِ\" (^٢). ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٣).\nورُوىَ فى حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ -﵁-: \"الرَّحِمُ شِجنَةٌ مِنَ الرَّحمَنِ\".\n\n١٣٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ [الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ] (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّ أبا الرَّدّادِ اللَّيثِيَّ أخبَرَه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ -﵁- أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"قال اللَّهُ ﷿: أنا الرَّحمَنُ، خَلَقتُ الرَّحِمَ، وشَقَقتُ لَها اسمًا مِنِ اسمِي، فمَن وصَلَها وصَلتُه، ومَن قَطَعَها بَتَتُّه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٥٩٩)، وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (١٧٥ - مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف) من طريق حاتم به.\n(^٢) الزهد لوكيع (٤٠٤)، وعنه ابن أبى شية (٢٥٧٧٦)، وعنه أبو يعلى (٤٤٤٦)، وهناد فى الزهد (١٠٠٣)، وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (١٧٧ - مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٥٥/ ١٧).\n(^٤) فى س: \"القطان ببغداد\"، وفى م: \"القطان بن الحسن ببغداد\".\n(^٥) المصنّف فى الأسماء والصفات (٨١، ٧٩٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٣٤) ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٨٠)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٣٤) من طريق معمر به. وعندهم سوى المصنّف: رداد، بدلًا من: أبا رداد. وقال بعضهم: أبو الرذاد. وهو الأشهر. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٧٤. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٨٦).","vol":"13","page":430},{"text":"١٣٣٤٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ -﵁- عادَ أبا الرَّدّادِ فقالَ: خَيرُهُم وأَوصَلُهُم أبو محمدٍ ما عَلِمتُ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"قال اللَّهُ ﷿: أنا اللَّهُ وأَنا الرَّحمَنُ، خَلَقتُ الرَّحِمَ وشَقَقتُ لَها مِنِ اسمِي، فمَن وصَلَها وصَلتُه، ومَن قَطَعَها بَتَتُّه\" (^١).\n\n١٣٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بن أبى مُزَرِّدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمِّى سعيدَ بنَ يَسارٍ أبا الحُبابِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَ الخَلقَ، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ مِن خَلقِه قالَتِ الرَّحِمُ: هَذا مَقامُ العائذِ مِنَ القَطيعَةِ. قال: نَعَم، ألا تَرضَينَ أن أصِلَ مَن وصَلَكِ، وأَقطَعَ مَن قَطَعَكِ؟ قالَت: بَلَى يا رَبِّ. قال: فهو لَكِ\". قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"واقرَءوا إن شِئتُم ﴿فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ (٢٢) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَارَهُمْ﴾ [محمد: ٢٢، ٢٣] \" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٦)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٤)، والترمذى (١٩٠٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الآداب (٦)، وابن المبارك فى البر والصلة (١٢١)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١٤٩٧)، وابن حبان (٤٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٦٧)، ومسلم (٢٥٥٤) من طريق معاوية به.","vol":"13","page":431},{"text":"محمدٍ عن عبد الله بن المبارك (^١).\n\n١٣٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (ح) وأَخبَرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ (^٢) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ قاطِعٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وعن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن الأَعْمَشِ والحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو وفِطرِ بنِ خَليفَةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- قال سفيانُ: لَم يَرفَعْه\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٩٨٧).\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"العدل\".\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الأربعين الصغرى (٧٢)، والشعب (٧٩٥١)، والآداب (٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٣٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٧٧٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٩٦)، والترمذى (١٩٠٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٥٦/ ١٨، وعقب ١٩)، والبخاري (٥٩٨٤).","vol":"13","page":432},{"text":"الأَعْمَشُ، ورَفَعَه الحَسَنُ وفِطرٌ -قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ الواصِلُ بالمُكافِئِ، ولَكِنِ الواصِلُ الَّذِى إذا قَطَعَتْ (^١) رَحِمُه وصَلَها\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فِطرٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الرَّحِمَ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بالعَرشِ، ولَيسَ الواصِلُ بالمُكافِئِ، ولَكِنِ الواصِلُ الَّذِى إذا انقَطَعَت رَحِمُه وصَلَها\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختَويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِاللَّهِ محمدُبنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أحَبَّ أنَّ يُبسَطَ له فى رِزقِه، ويُنسأَ له فى أثَرِه، فليَصِلْ رَحِمَه\" (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) ضبطت بالبناء للمجهول فى بعض روايات البخاري، وفى أكثرها بفتحتين. ينظر فتح البارى ١٠/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الآداب (٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٦٩٧) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٦٧٨٥) من طريق سفيان عن الحسن به. والترمذى (١٩٠٨) من طريق سفيان عن فطر به. وابن حبان (٤٤٥) من طريق فطر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٩٩١).\n(^٤) المصنّف فى الشعب (٧٩٥٣). وأخرجه أبو بكر الدينورى فى المجالسة (٢٠٠٣) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٥) المصنّف فى الأربعين الصغرى (٧٠)، والقضاء والقدر (١٩٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٨) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (١٣٥٨٥)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٣)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (١١٤٢٩) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"13","page":433},{"text":"البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٥١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ الرّائحِ بنتِ ضُلَيعٍ (^٢)، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ الضَّبِّىِّ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ صَدَقَتَكَ على المِسكينِ صَدَقَةٌ، وإِنَّها على ذِى الرَّحِمِ اثنَتانِ؛ صَدَقَةٌ وصِلَةٌ\" (^٣). كَذا قال أبو العباسِ: ضُلَيعٌ، وإِنَّما هو صُلَيعٌ بالصّادِ.\n\n١٣٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عُقبَةَ -قال سفيانُ: وكانَت قَد صَلَّت مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- القِبلَتَينِ- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أفضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ على ذِى الرَّحِمِ الكاشِحِ (^٤) \" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٩٨٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٥٧/ ٢١).\n(^٢) فى س: \"صليع\" بالصاد المهملة.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٧٨٠٩).\n(^٤) الكاشح: العدو الذى يضمر عداوته ويطرى عليها كشحه أى باطنه. النهاية ٤/ ١٧٥.\n(^٥) المصنّف فى الشعب (٣٤٢٧)، وفى الآداب (٩)، وفى المعرفة (٤٠٣٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٠٦، =","vol":"13","page":434},{"text":"١٣٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ أنَّ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أخبَرَه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّها سَمِعَت عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما زالَ جِبريلُ يوصينِى بالجارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّه سَيوَرِّثُه\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما زالَ جِبريلُ يوصينِى بالجارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أو: حَسِبتُ - أنُّه سَيوَرِّثُه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ القَواريرِيِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ المِنهالِ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، ولَم يَقُلْ: أو: حَسِبتُ (^٣).\n_________\n= وصححه، والحميدى (٣٢٨). وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٨٦) من طريق سفيان به. وعند الحميدى: أخبرونى عن الزهرى .... قال سفيان: ولم أسمعه من الزهرى.\n(^١) المصنّف فى الأربعين الصغرى (٨٣)، والآداب (٨١)، والشعب (٩٥٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠١٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٣)، وابن حبان (٥١١) من طريق يزيد به. وتقدم فى (١٢٧٣٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠١٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٢٤/ ١٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الشعب (٩٥٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٧٧) من طريق عمر بن محمد به.","vol":"13","page":435},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ القَواريرِيِّ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ طَلحَةَ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ لِى جارَينِ، فبِأَيِّهِما أبدأُ؟ قال: \"بأقَربهِما مِنكِ بابًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٥٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ (^٣) رَجُلٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى جارَينِ، فإِلَى أيِّهِما أُهدِى؟ قال: \"إلَى أقرَبهِما مِنكِ بابًا\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥). واختَلَفوا فيه على شُعبَةَ؛ فمِنهُم مَن جَوَّدَه ومِنهُم مَن أرسَلَه.\n\n١٣٣٥٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٦٢٥/ ١٤١)، والبخارى (٦٠١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه المزى فى تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٤٠٦ من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم فى (١٢٧٣٦) من طريق شعبة. وفيه: عن عائشة.\n(^٣) بعده فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"عن\". والمثبت هو الصواب كما عند أحمد والبخارى.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢٥٩، ٦٠٢٠).","vol":"13","page":436},{"text":"الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قُلتُ (^١): يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لِى جارَينِ، فإِلَى أيِّهِما أُهدِى؟ قال: \"إلَى أقرَبِهِما مِنكِ بابًا\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2896>بابٌ: لا يُعطيها مَن تَلزَمُه نَفَقَتُه مِن ولَدِه ووالِدَيه مِن سَهمِ الفُقَراءِ والمَساكينِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّكَنُ بنُ أبى السَّكَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُختارِ قال: قال عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: لَيسَ لِوَلَدٍ ولا لِوالِدٍ حَقٌّ فى صَدَقَةٍ مَفروضَةٍ، ومَن كان له ولَدٌ أو والِدٌ فلَم يَصلْه فهو عاقٌّ.\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا تَجعَلْها لِمَن تَعولُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٤٤٠١)، وعنده جعفر بن أبى سليمان. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٧٩٩)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٦٧ من طريق جعفر بن سليمان عن أبى عمران عن يزيد بن بابنوس عن عائشة. وقال: الصحيح رواية شعبة.\n(^٣) ينظر الأموال لأبى عبيد (١٨٦٤).","vol":"13","page":437},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2897>بابٌ: المَرأَةُ تَصرِفُ مِن زَكاتِها فى زَوجِها إذا كان مُحتاجًا</span>\n\n١٣٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الجَهمِ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القُرَشِيُّ بدِمَشقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الحَوارِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن زَينَبَ امرأَةِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيُجزِئُ عَنّا أن نَجعَلَ الصَّدَقَةَ فى زَوجٍ فقيرٍ وابنِ (^١) أخٍ أيتامٍ فى حُجورِنا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَكِ أجرُ الصَّدَقَةِ وأَجرُ الصِّلَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ فى حَديثٍ طَويلٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2898>بابٌ: آلُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- لا يُعطَون مِنَ الصَّدَقاتِ المَفروضاتِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: أخَذَ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ -﵄- تَمرَةً مِن تَمرِ الصَّدَقَةِ فجَعَلَها فى فيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كِخْ كِخْ\". ليَطرَحَها، ثُمَّ قال: \"أما\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٠٢) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وتقدم فى (٧٨٣٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٤٦٦)، ومسلم (١٠٠٠/ ٤٦).","vol":"13","page":438},{"text":"شَعَرتَ أنّا لا نأكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ؟ \" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ وكيعٍ عن شُعبَةَ: \"أنّا لا تَحِلُّ لَنا الصَّدَقَةُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٦١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالويَه المُزَكِّى قِراءَةً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا قَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القُشَيرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُؤتَى بالتَّمرِ عِندَ صِرامِ النّاسِ الصَّدَقَةَ، فيَجِئُ هَذا مِن تَمرِه وهَذا مِن تَمرِه، حَتَّى يَصيرَ عِندَه كَومٌ مِن تَمرٍ. قال: فجَعَلَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ -﵄- يَلعَبُ بذَلِكَ التَّمرِ، فأَخَذَ تَمرَةً، فجَعَلَها فى فيه، فنَظَرَ إلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخرَجَها مِن فيه وقالَ: \"أما عَلِمتَ أنَّ آلَ محمدٍ لا يأكلونَ الصَّدَقَةَ؟ \". أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ عن أبيه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٠٨)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٨٦٤٥) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجة (٦٥٨)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٥) من طريق محمد بن زياد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٤٩١)، ومسلم (١٠٦٩/ ١٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٢٨)، ومسلم (١٠٦٩/ عقب ١٦١)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٤) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) البخارى (١٤٨٥).","vol":"13","page":439},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّ أبا يونُسَ حَدَّثَه عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنِّى لأنقَلِبُ إلَى أهلِى فأَجدُ التَّمرَةَ ساقِطَة على فِراشِي، ثُمَّ أرفَعُها لآكُلَها، ثُمَّ أخشَى أن تَكونَ صَدَقَة فأُلقيها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا (^٣) ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَشارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وجَدَ تَمرَةً فقالَ: \"لَولا أنِّى أخافُ أن تَكونَ (^٤) صَدَقَة لأكَلتُها\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشارٍ (^٦).\n\n١٣٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧٠/ ١٦٢).\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"يحيى\".\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"تمرة\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١١٠) من طريق معاذ به. وأبو داود (١٦٥٢)، وابن حبان (٣٢٩٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٧١/ ١٦٦).","vol":"13","page":440},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَرَى التَّمرَةَ، فلَولا أنَّه كان يُرَى أن تَكونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ لأكَلَها (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ ويَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبى جَهضَمٍ موسَى بنِ سالِمٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ العباسِ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى فِتيَةٍ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما اختَصَّنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بشَئٍ دونَ النّاسِ إلَّا ثَلاثٍ؛ أمَرَنا أن نُسبِغَ الوُضوءَ، وأَمَرَنا ألا نأكُلَ الصَّدَقَةَ، ولا نُنزِىَ الحُمُرَ على الخَيلِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٦٦ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ المُحارِبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباس -﵄- قال: بَعَثَنِى أبى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى إبِلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٤٣) عن عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى به. وتقدم فى (١٢٢٢٤، ١٢٢٢٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٠٥٥، ٢٤٣١، ٢٤٣٢)، ومسلم (١٠٧١/ ١٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (١٤١) عن يحيى بن حبيب بن عربى به. وابن ماجه (٤٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٥) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٢٢٣٨) من طريق موسى بن سالم به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٨١٨). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٤٢٦).","vol":"13","page":441},{"text":"أعطاه إيّاها مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ (^١) (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ العَلاءِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ (^٢) هو ابنُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن سالِمٍ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- نَحوَه. زادَ: أى ببَدَلِها (^٣). فهَذا لا يَحتَمِلُ إلَّا مَعنَيَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما أن يَكونَ قَبلَ تَحريمِ الصَّدَقَةِ على بَنِى هاشِمٍ، ثُمَّ صارَ مَنسوخًا بما مَضَي، والآخَرُ أن يَكونَ استَسلَفَ مِنَ العباسِ لِلمَساكينِ إبِلًا، ثُمَّ رَدَّها عَلَيه مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ. فقَد رُوّينا فى كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2899>بابُ بَيانِ آلِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- الَّذينَ تَحرُمُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ المَفروضَةُ</span>\n\n١٣٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَيّانَ وهو يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: سَمِعتَ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ -﵁- يقولُ: قامَ فينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ خَطيبًا فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، أيُّها النَّاسُ، إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ يوشِكُ أن يأتيَنِى رسولُ رَبِّى فأُجيبَه، وإِنِّى تارِكٌ فيكُمُ الثَّقَلَينِ؛ أَوَّلُهُما كِتابُ اللَّهِ، فيه الهُدَى والنّورُ، فتمَسَّكوا بكِتابِ اللهِ وخُذوا به\". فحَثَّ عَلَيه ورَغَّبَ فيه ثُمَّ قال: \"وأَهلُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٦٥٣). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٣٣٩) من طريق ابن فضيل به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٥٥).\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٦٥٤). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٥٦).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم (٧٤٣٩ - ٧٤٤٢).","vol":"13","page":442},{"text":"بَيتي؛ أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ في أهلِ بَيتي\". قال حُصَينٌ لِزَيدٍ: ومَن أهلُ بَيتِه؟ نِساؤُه مِن أهلِ بَيتِهِ؟ قال: بَلَى، إنَّ نِساءَه مِن أهلِ بَيتِه، ولَكِن أهلُ بَيتِه مَن حُرِمَ الصَّدَقَةَ بَعدَه. قال: ومَن هُم؟ قال: آلُ عليٍّ، وآلُ عَقيلٍ، وآلُ جَعفَرٍ، وآلُ عباسٍ. قال: كُلُّ هَؤُلاءِ تَحرُمُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي حَيّانَ (^٢).\nوهَكَذا بَنو أعمامِهِم مِن بَنى هاشِمٍ، بدَليلِ ما نَذكُرُه في حَديثِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ عن أبيه، وهَكَذا بَنو المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبد مَنافٍ، بدَليلِ ما رُوّينا في الحديث الثّابِتِ عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إنَّما بَنو المُطَّلِبِ وبَنو هاشِمٍ شَئٌ واحِدٌ\". وأَعطاهُم مِن سَهمِ ذِي القُربَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2900>بابٌ: لا يأخُذونَ مِن سَهمِ العامِليَن بالعُمالَةِ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٣٣٦٨ - بما أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى ومُحَمَّدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بن أسماءَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّ عبدَ الله بنَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ المُطَّلِبِ بنَ رَبيعَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٨٩٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٠٨/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٨٩٩، ١٣٠٨٣ - ١٣٠٨٧، ١٣٠٩٠).","vol":"13","page":443},{"text":"الحارِثِ حَدَّثَه قال: اجتَمَعَ رَبيعَةُ بن الحارِثِ والعباسُ بن عبد المُطَّلِبِ فقالا: لَو بَعَثنا بهَذَينِ الغُلامَينِ - قال لِي ولِلفَضلِ - إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فكَلَّماه فأَمَّرَهُما على هذه الصَّدَقات، فأَدَّيا ما يُؤَدِّي الناسُ، وأَصابا ما يُصيبُ الناسُ. فبَينَما هُما في ذَلِكَ إذ دَخَلَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فوَقَفَ عَلَيهِما، فذَكَرا له فقالَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: لا تَفعَلا، فواللهِ ما هو بفاعِلٍ. فانتَحاه رَبيعَةُ بن الحارِثِ فقالَ: واللهِ ما تَصنَعُ هَذا إلَّا نَفاسَةً مِنكَ عَلَينا، فواللهِ لَقَد نِلتَ صِهرَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فما نَفِسناه. قال: أنا أبو حَسَنٍ القَرمُ، أرسِلوهُما. فانطَلَقا فاضطَجَعَ، فلَمّا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سَبَقناه إلَى الحُجرَة، فقُمنا عِندَها حَتَّى جاءَ فأَخَذَ بآذانِنا، ثُمَّ قال: \"أخرِجا ما تُصَرِّرانِ\". ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فدَخَلنا عَلَيها، وهو يَومَئذٍ عِندَ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، فتَواكَلْنا الكَلامَ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ أحَدُنا فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أنتَ أمَنُّ النّاسِ وأَوصَلُ الناس، وقَد بَلَغْنا النِّكَاحَ، فجِئناكَ لِتُؤَمِّرَنا على بَعضِ هذه الصَّدَقاتِ فنُؤَدِّيَ إلَيكَ ما يُؤَدِّي النّاسُ، ونُصيبَ كما يُصيبُ النّاسُ. فسَكَتَ طَويلًا فأَرَدنا أن نُكَلِّمَه، وجَعَلَت زَينَبُ - ﵂ - تُلمِعُ إلَينا مِن وراءِ الحِجاب، أن لا تُكَلِّماه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَنبغِي لآلِ محمدٍ، إنَّما هِيَ أوساخُ النّاس، ادعوا لِي مَحميَةَ - وكانَ على الخُمُسِ - ونَوفَلَ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ\". فقالَ لِمَحميَةَ: \"أنكِحْ هَذا الغُلامَ ابنَتَكَ\". لِلفَضلِ بنِ العباس، فأَنكَحَه، وقالَ لِنَوفَلِ بنِ الحارِثِ: \"أنكِحْ هَذا الغُلامَ ابنَتَكَ\". لِي، فأنكَحَنِي، وقالَ لِمَحميَةَ: \"أصدِقْ عَنهُما مِنَ الخُمُسِ كَذا وكَذا\". قال الزُّهرِيُّ: ولَم يُسَمِّه لِي (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٣/ ١٠١ عن أبي المثنى به. وأبو عوانة (٢٦٠٥)، والطحاوي =","vol":"13","page":444},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٦٩ - وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فقالَ في الحديثِ: فقالَ لَنا: \"إنَّ هذه الصَّدَقَةَ إنما هِيَ أوساخُ النّاس، ولا تَحِلُّ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ولا لآلِ محمدٍ\" (^٢). أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عيسَى بن إبراهيمَ الغافِقِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2901>بابُ مَوالِي بَنِي هاشِمٍ وبَنِي المُطَّلِبِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَم، عن ابنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي مَخزومٍ على الصَّدَقَةِ فقالَ لأبِي رافِعٍ:\n_________\n= في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٧، ٣/ ٣٠٠، وفي شرح المشكل ٣/ ١٢٩، ١٢/ ١٩٦ (٤٧٤٩)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٣٩٦)، وفي معرفة الصحابة (٤٧٥٧) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به. وعند أبي عوانة سقط، وعندهما: عبد الله بن عبد الله بن نوفل بن الحارث. وينظر الأحاديث التي خولف فيها مالك ٢/ ١٤٢.\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٧٢/ ١٦٧) ووقع عنده: عبد الله بن نوفل بن الحارث. وفي التحفة (٩٧٣٧) كما ذكر المصنف هنا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧٢/ ١٦٧). وفيه: عبد الله بن الحارث بن نوفل.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٧٢٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٤٢)، وفيه: علي بن إبراهيم. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٦٠٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٧٥١٨)، وأبو داود (٢٩٨٥) من طريق يونس به. وعندهم جميعًا: عبد الله بن الحارث بن نوفل. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٨٤).","vol":"13","page":445},{"text":"اصحَبنِي كَيما نُصيبَ مِنها. قال: لا، حَتَّى آتِيَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فأَسأَلَه. فانطَلَقَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فسأَلَه فقالَ: \"إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لا تَحِلُّ لَنا، وإِنَّ مَولَى القَومِ مِن أنفُسِهِم\" (^١).\n\n١٣٣٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بن حُبابٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ والحَوضِيُّ وأبو الوَليدِ وعَمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن حَفصٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: استُعمِلَ أرقَمُ الزُّهرِيُّ على الصَّدَقات، فاستَتبَعَ أبا رافِعٍ، فأَتَى رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فسأَلَه فقالَ: \"يا أبا رافِعٍ، إنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ حَرامٌ على آلِ محمدٍ، وإِنَّ مَولَى القَومِ مِن أنفُسِهِم\" (^٣).\nرِوايَةُ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ أولَى مِن رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي لَيلَى. وابنُ أبي لَيلَى هَذا كان\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٠١٥) وعنه ابن شبة في أخبار المدينة ٢/ ٦٤٣، ٦٤٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٩٠٧) من طريق محمد بن كثير. وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٧/ ١٣ عن الفضل بن حباب عن عمرو بن مرزوق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٧، ٣/ ٢٨٢، والطبراني (١٢٠٥٩) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأبو يعلى (٢٧٢٨) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٩١: وفيه محمد بن أبي ليلى وفيه كلام.","vol":"13","page":446},{"text":"سيِّئَ الحِفظِ كَثيرَ الوَهْمِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بن محمدٍ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا قَبيصَةُ بن عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ - بنتِ عليٍّ - ﵄ - قال: أتَيتُها بشَئٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فقالَتِ: احذَرْ شبابَنا ومَواليَنا، فإِنَّ مَيمونَ أو مِهرانَ مَولَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبرَنِي أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّا أهلُ بَيتٍ نُهينا عن الصَّدَقَة، وإِنَّ مَواليَنا مِن أنفُسِنا، فلا تأكُلوا الصَّدَقَةَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ - بن كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ قال: أوصَى إلَيَّ رَجُلٌ بوَصيَّةٍ مِنَ الزَّكاةِ أو مِنَ الصَّدَقَة، فأَتَيتُ أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بنتَ عليٍّ - ﵄ - فقالَتِ: احذَرْ على شَبابِنا أن يأخُذوا مِنها. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2902>بابٌ: لا تَحرُمُ على آلِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - صَدَقَةُ التَّطَوُّعِ</span>\nرُوِيَ عن أبي جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ أنَّه قال: إنَّما حَرُمَت عَلَينا الصَّدَقَةُ المَفروضَةُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٩٤٢)، وأحمد (١٦٣٩٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٣/ ٩٠: وأم كلثوم لم أر من روى عنها غير عطاء بن السائب وفيه كلام.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ٢٨٤ من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢١٦٦).","vol":"13","page":447},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: وتَصَدَّقَ عليٌّ وفاطِمَةُ - ﵄ - على بَنِي هاشِمٍ وبَنِي المُطَّلِبِ بأَموالِهما، وذَلِكَ أنَّ هَذا تَطَوُّعٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَى هَذا (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: وقَبِلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الهَديَّةَ مِن صَدَقَةٍ تُصُدِّقَ بها على بَريرَةَ؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّها مِن بَريرَةَ تَطَوُّعٌ لا صَدَقَةٌ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَد، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بلَحمٍ، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، هَذا مِمّا تُصُدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هو لَها صَدَقَةٌ، ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أخبرَنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ بلَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢١٦٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٦)، والبخارى (٥٢٨٤)، والنسائي (٢٦١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي في (١٤٣٩٦، ١٤٣٩٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (١٤٩٣)، ومسلم (١٠٧٥/ ١٧١).","vol":"13","page":448},{"text":"قال: هَذا تُصدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ. فقالَ: \"هو لَنا هَديَّةٌ، وعَلَيها صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وأَخرَجاه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن شَريكٍ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ اليَربوعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن حَفصةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ قالَت: بُعِثَت إلَى نُسَيبَةَ الأنصاريَّةِ بشاةٍ، فأَرسَلَت إلَى عائشةَ - ﵂ - مِنها، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أعِندَكُم شَئٌ؟ \". قالَت: لا، إلَّا ما أرسَلَت به نُسَيبَةُ مِن تِلكَ الشّاةِ. قال: \"قَرِّبيه فقَد بَلَغَت مَحِلَّها\" (^٤).\nرَواه البخاريّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2903>بابُ ما كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَقبَلُ ما كان باسمِ الهَديَّةِ ولا يَقبَلُ ما كان باسمِ الصَّدَقَةِ إمّا تَحريمًا وإمّا تَوَرُّعًا</span>\n\n١٣٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٠٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٢٤)، وأبو داود (١٦٥٥)، والنسائي (٣٧٦٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (١٤٩٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٤٩٥، ٢٥٧٧)، ومسلم (١٠٧٤/ ١٧٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٠١)، وابن حبان (٥١١٩) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٤٤٦)، ومسلم (١٠٧٦/ ١٧٤).","vol":"13","page":449},{"text":"بَهزُ بن حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه - ﵁ - قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أُتِيَ بالشَّئِ سأَلَ عنه: \"أهَديَّةٌ أم صَدَقَةٌ؟ \". فإِن قالوا: هَديَّةٌ. مَدَّ يَدَه، وإِن قالوا: صَدَقَةٌ. قال لأصحابِه: \"خُذوا\" (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - بمَعناه:\n\n١٣٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا قَطَنُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أُتِيَ بطَعامٍ سأَلَ عنه: \"أهَديَّةٌ هو أم صَدَقَةٌ؟ \". فإن قيلَ: صَدَقَةٌ. قال لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". ولَم يأكُلْ، وإِن قيلَ: هَديَّةٌ. ضَرَبَ بيَدِه فأَكَلَ مَعَهُم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2904>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُخرِجُ صَدَقَتَه إلَى مَن ظَنَّه مِن أهلِ السُّهمان، فبانَ أنَّه لَيسَ مِن أهلِ السُّهمانِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا سوَيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن النَّضرِ القُشَيرِيُّ وعِمرانُ بن موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٥٤)، والترمذي (٦٥٦) من طريق مكى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. والنسائي (٢٦١٢) من طريق بهز به. وسيأتي في (١٣٤٠٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢١٧٥).","vol":"13","page":450},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ قالوا: حدثنا سُوَيدُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَفصُ بن مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قال رَجُلٌ: لأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَ في يَدِ زانيَةٍ، فأَصبَحَ النّاسُ يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ على زانيَةٍ. فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على زانيَةٍ، لأتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَها في يَدِ غَنِيٍّ، فأَصبَحوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيلَةَ على غَنِيٍّ. فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على غَنِيٍّ، لأتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ بصَدَقَةٍ. فخَرَجَ بصَدَقَتِه فوَضَعَها في يَدِ سارِقٍ، فأَصبَحوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ: تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيلَةَ على سارِقٍ. فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ لَكَ الحَمدُ على زانيَةٍ وعَلَى غَنِيٍّ وعَلَى سارِقٍ. فأُتِيَ فقيلِ له: أمّا صَدَقَتُكَ فقَد قبِلَت؛ أمّا الزّانيَةُ فلَعَلَّها تَستَعِفُّ بها عن زِناها، ولَعَلَّ الغَنِيَّ يَعتَبِرُ فيُنفِقُ مِمّا أعطاه اللَّهُ تَعالَى، ولَعَلَّ السّارِقَ يَستَعِفُّ بها عن سَرِقَتِه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبد الله. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢). وفِي هَذا كالدِّلالَةِ على أنَّه ورَدَ في صَدَقَهِ التَّطَوُّعِ.\n\n١٣٣٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، حدثنا أبو الجوَيريَةِ الجَرمِيُّ، أنَّ مَعنَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٩٢٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٢٢)، والبخاري (١٤٢١).","vol":"13","page":451},{"text":"يَزيدَ السُّلَمِيَّ حَدَّثَه قال: بايَعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنا وأَبِي وجَدِّي، وخَطَبَ عليّ فأَنكَحَنِي، وخاصَمتُ إلَيه، كان أبي يَزيدُ خَرَجَ بدَنانيرَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بها، فوَضَعَها عِندَ رَجُلٍ في المَسجِد، فجِئتُ فأَخَذتُها فأَتَيتُه بها فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما إيّاكَ أرَدتُ بها. فخاصَمتُه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لَكَ ما نَوَيتَ يا يَزيدُ، ولَكَ يا مَعنُ ما أخَذتَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن إسرائيلَ (^٢).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ورَدَ في صَدَقَةِ التَّطَوُّع، فأَمّا الفَرضُ فقَد رُوّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لَغَنِيٍّ، ولا لِذِي مِرَّةٍ سَوِيٍّ\" (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لَيسَ لِوَلَدٍ ولا لِوالِدٍ حَقٌّ في صَدَقَةٍ مَفروضةٍ (^٤).\nوروّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٨٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَلقَمَةَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ، عن أبي الجوَيريَةِ الجَرمِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ مَعنَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: خاصَمتُ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٦٠) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٤٢٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٢٧٩ - ١٣٢٨٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٣٥٨).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٣٣٥٨).","vol":"13","page":452},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَفلَجَنِي (^١)، وخَطَبَ عليَّ فأَنكَحَنِي، وبايَعتُه أنا وجَدِّي. قال: قُلتُ له: وما كانَت خُصومَتُكَ؟ قال: كان رَجُلٌ يَغشَى المَسجِدَ فيَتَصدَّقُ على رِجالٍ يَعرِفُهُم، فجاءَ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ ومَعَه صُرَّةٌ فظَنَّ أنِّي بَعضُ مَن يَعرِفُ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ تَبَيَّنَ له، فأَتانِي فقالَ: رُدَّها. فأَبَيتُ فاختَصَمنا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَجازَ لِي الصَّدَقَةَ وقالَ: \"لَكَ أجرُ ما نَوَيتَ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وظاهِرُ هَذا أنَّ المُتَصدِّقَ كان رَجُلًا أجنَبيًّا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2905>بابُ مِيسَمِ (^٣) الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن الأوزاعِيّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - إلى: غَدَوتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بعبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ ليُحَنِّكَه، فوافَيتُه وفي يَدِه مِيسَمٌ يَسِمُ إبِلَ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِر، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ، كِلاهُما عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الهَيثَمُ بن خَلَفٍ، والحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، وابنُ ياسينَ\n_________\n(^١) فأفلجني: حكم لي وغلَّبنى على خصمى. النهاية ٣/ ٩١٢.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة عقب (٦١٩١) معلقًا عن أبي حمزة به.\n(^٣) ميسم الصدقة: هي الحديدة التي تكوى بها إبل الصدقة. أي: يعلم عليها بالكى. النهاية ٥/ ١٨٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٣٣) من طريق دحيم به.\n(^٥) البخاري (١٥٠٢)، ومسلم (٢١١٩/ ١١٢).","vol":"13","page":453},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: ولَدَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ، فقالَت لي: يا أنَسُ، انظُرْ هَذا الغُلامَ، فلا يُصيبَنَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى تَغدوَ به إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فغَدَوتُ به، فإِذا هو في حائطٍ، وعَلَيه خَميصَةٌ حَوتَكيَّةٌ (^١)، وهو يَسِمُ الظَّهرَ الَّذِي قَدِمَ عَلَيه في الفَتحِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي موسَى محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يُؤتَى بنَعَمٍ كَثيرَةٍ مِن نَعَمِ الجِزيَة، وأَنَّه قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: إنَّ في الظَّهرِ لَناقَةً عَمياءَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: نَدفَعُها إلَى أهلِ البَيتِ يَنتَفِعونَ بها. قال: فقُلتُ: وهِيَ عَمياءُ؟ قال: يَقطُرونَها بالإبِلِ. قال: فقُلتُ: كَيفَ تأكُلُ مِنَ الأرضِ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أمِن نَعَمِ الجِزيَةِ هِيَ أم مِن نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ؟ قال: فقُلتُ: مِن نَعَمِ الجِزيَةِ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أرَدتُم واللهِ أكلَها. فقُلتُ: إنَّ عَلَيها وسمَ الجِزيَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) عند البخاري: \"حريثية\"، وعند مسلم: \"حويتية\". قال ابن الأثير: المشهور المحفوظ \"خميصة جونية\" أي: سوداء، وأما حويتية فلا أعرفها. النهاية ١/ ٤٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي في العلل (٧٠٥)، وابن حبان (٤٥٣٢) من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (١٢٠٣٥) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٢٤)، ومسلم (٢١١٩/ ١٠٩).","vol":"13","page":454},{"text":"فأَمَرَ بها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - فنُحِرَت. قال: وكانَ عِندَه صحافٌ تِسعٌ، فلا تَكونُ فاكِهَةٌ ولا طَريفَةٌ إلَّا جَعَلَ في تِلكَ الصِّحافِ مِنها، فبَعَثَ بها إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ويَكونُ الَّذِي يَبعَثُ به إلَى حَفصَةَ ﵅ مِن آخِرِ ذَلِكَ، فإِن كان فيه نُقصانٌ كان في حَظِّ حَفصَةَ. قال: فجَعَلَ في تِلكَ الصِّحافِ مِن لَحمِ تِلكَ الجَزور، فبَعَثَ به إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وأَمَرَ بما بَقِيَ مِنَ اللَّحمِ فصُنِعَ، فدَعا عَلَيه المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يَسِمُ وسمَينِ؛ وسمَ جِزيَةٍ ووَسمَ صَدَقَةٍ، وبِهَذا نَقولُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2906>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَوضِعِ الوَسم، وفِي صِفَةِ الوَسمِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ عَلَيه حِمارٌ وقَد وُسِمَ في وجهِه، فقالَ: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ الذِي وسَمَه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٧٩، ومن طريقه الشافعي ٢/ ٦٠، ٨٠، ٩٣، وأحمد في الزهد ص ١١٦، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٩٢٩).\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٦٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٦٢٨) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١١٧).","vol":"13","page":455},{"text":"١٣٣٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: رأَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حِمارًا قَد وُسِمَ في وجهِه، يُدَخِّنُ مَنخِراه، فقالَ: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ مَن فعَلَ هَذا، ألَم أنهَ أنَّه لا يَسِمُ أحَدٌ الوَجهَ، ولا يَضرِبُ أحَدٌ الوَجهَ؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٣٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، أنَّ ناعِمًا أبا عبد اللهِ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عَباسٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: رأَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حِمارًا مَوسومَ (^٢) الوَجه، فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، قال: فواللهِ لا أسِمُها إلَّا أقصَى شَئٍ مِنَ الوَجه، فأَمَرَ بحِمارِه، فكُوِيَ في جاعِرَتَيه (^٣)، فهو أوَّلُ مَن كَوَى في الجاعِرَتَينِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى، ولَيسَ فيه مَنِ القائلُ (^٥).\n\n١٣٣٨٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن الفَضل، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٥٦٤) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٦٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"موسم\".\n(^٣) الجاعرتان: حيث يضرب الفرس أو الحمار بذنبه من فخذيه. الفائق ١/ ٢١٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٦٢٤، ٥٦٢٥) من طريق حرملة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١١٨).","vol":"13","page":456},{"text":"محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ العَلَّافُ صاحِبُ ابنِ سَواءٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سَواءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رأَى حِمارًا قَد وُسِمَ في وجهِه فقالَ: \"ألَم أنهَ عن هَذا؟ \". فقالَ العباسُ: لا جَرَمَ، لا أسِمُ إلَّا في أبعَدِ مَكانٍ مِنَ الوَجهِ. فوَسَمَ في الجاعِرَتَينِ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا عبدُ الباقِي بن قانِعٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ العباسَ - ﵁ - كان يَسِمُ في الوَجه، فلَمّا نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الوَسمِ في الوَجهِ قال: لا أسِمُ إلَّا في أسفَلِ مَكانٍ مِنَ الوَجه. فوَسَمَ في الجاعِرَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَهَ عُبَيدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بن عبد الكَريمِ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عَونُ بن الحَكَم، حَدَّثَنِي زيادُ بن قُرَيعٍ، أخبرَنِي غَيلانُ بن جُنادَةَ، عن أبيه جُنادَةَ بنِ جَرادٍ أحَدِ بَنِي غَيلانَ بنِ جاوَةَ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بإِبِلٍ قَد وسَمتُها في أُنُفِها فقالَ: \"يا جُنادَةُ، أما وجَدتَ عُضوًا تَسِمُها فيه إلَّا الوَجهَ، أمَا إنَّ أمامَكَ القِصاصَ\". قال: أمرُها إلَيكَ. قال: \"ائتِنِي بشَئٍ لَيسَ عَلَيه وَسْمٌ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٦٢٣) من طريق محمد بن سواء به. وعنده: شعبه. بدلًا من: سعيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيبه (٦٤٦، ٦٤٧ - تتمة مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، والطبرانى (١١٩٨٣) من طريق عكرمة بنحوه.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٨٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٦٥.","vol":"13","page":457},{"text":"فأَتَيتُه بابنِ لَبونٍ وابنَةِ لَبونٍ وحِقَّةٍ فقالَ: \"أتَبيعُنِي نارَها؟ أشتَرِي نارَها بصَدَقَتِها\". قال: أمرُها إلَيكَ. فوَضَعتُ الميسَمَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أخِّرْ\". فلَم يَزَلْ يقولُ: \"أخِّرْ أخِّرْ\". حَتَّى بَلَغتُ الفَخِذَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سِمْ على بَرَكَةٍ\". قال: فوَسَمتُها في أفخاذِها، وكانَت صَدَقَتَها حِقَّتان، فكانَت تِسعونَ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: دَخَلتُ بأَخٍ لي على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لِيُحَنِّكَه، فرأَيتُه في مِربَدٍ يَسِمُ شاءً. أحسِبُه قال: في آذانِها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليد، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا مِسكينُ بن بُكَيرٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كُنتُ ببابِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ رَحِمَه اللهُ تَعالَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٦٦١ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف)، وابن قانع في معجمه ١/ ١٥٥، والطبرانى (٢١٧٩). والدارقطنى في المؤتلف والمختلف ٤/ ١٨٧٤ من طريق عون بن الحكم به. وعند ابن قانع: جنادة بن حرام. وفي المعرفة: جنادة بن جرادة. وعندهم: \"على بركة الله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٥٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٦٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٨٣)، وابن حبان (٥٦٢٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٤٢)، ومسلم (٢١١٩/ ١١٠، ١١١).","vol":"13","page":458},{"text":"فخَرَجَت عَلَينا خَيلٌ مَكتوبٌ على أفخاذِها: عُدَّةٌ للهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ الكَلامُ على ما رُوِيَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في الرِّكاز، وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ مِمّا يَتَعَلَّقُ بهَذا الكِتابِ (^٢)، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٦٦٥ - مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف) من طريق صفوان به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٧٣٠، ٧٧٣١).","vol":"13","page":459},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2907>كتابُ النكاحِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2908>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما خُصَّ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ممَّا شُدِّدَ عليه وأُبيحَ لغيرِه، على ترتيبِ أبي العباسِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي أحمدَ الطبرِيِّ صاحبِ \"التلخيص\" (^١) ﵀</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2909>بابُ ما وجَبَ عَلَيه مِن تَخييِر النِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٣٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا أُمِرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بتَخييرِ أزواجِه بَدأَ بي فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنِّي مُخبِرُكِ خَبرًا، فلا عَلَيكِ ألا تَعجَلِي حَتَّى تَستأمِرِي أبَوَيكِ\". قالَت: وقَد عَلِمَ أنَّ أبَوَيَّ لَم يَكونا يأمُرانِي بفِراقِه، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا (٢٨) وَإِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٨، ٢٩]. فقُلتُ: في هَذا أستأمِرُ أبَوَيَّ؟ فإِنِّي أُريدُ اللَّهَ ورسولَه والدّارَ الآخِرَةَ، ثُمَّ فعَلَ أزواجُه مِثلَ ما فعَلتُ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) هو أحمد بن أبي أحمد الطبرى ثم البغدادى الشافعي، ابنُ القاص، تلميذ ابن سريج، صنف كتاب \"المفتاح\" و\"أدب القاضي\" و\"المواقيت\" و\"التلخيص\" شرحه أبو عبد الله ختن الإسماعيلى. توفى سنة (٣٣٥ هـ). سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٧١، وطبقات الشافعية للأسنوى ٢/ ٢٩٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٠٨)، والترمذي (٣٢٠٤) من طريق عثمان به. والنسائي (٣٤٣٩) من طريق يونس به. والبخارى (٤٧٨٥) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٥١٢٥).","vol":"13","page":461},{"text":"ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١).\n\n١٣٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لَم أزَلْ حَريصًا أن أسأَلَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - عن المَرأَتَينِ مِن أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - اللَّتَينِ قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا﴾ [التحريم: ٤]. حَتَّى حَجَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وحَجَجْتُ مَعَه، فلَمّا كان ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ عَدَلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لِحاجَتِه، وعَدَلتُ مَعَه بالإداوَة، فتَبَرَّزَ ثُمَّ أتَى فسَكَبتُ على يَدَيه فتَوَضّأَ، فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، مَنِ المَرأَتانِ مِن أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - اللَّتانِ قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا﴾؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: واعَجَبًا لَكَ يا ابنَ عباسٍ! قال الزُّهرِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعالَى: كَرِهَ واللهِ ما سأَلَه عنه ولَم يَكتُمْه. قال: هِيَ حَفصَةُ وعائشَةُ. ثُمَّ أخَذَ يَسوقُ الحديثَ فقالَ: كُنّا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ قَومًا نَغلِبُ النِّساءَ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ وجَدنا قَومًا تَغلِبُهُم نِساؤُهُم، فطَفِقَ نِساؤُنا يَتَعَلَّمنَ مِن نِسائهِم. قال: وكانَ مَنزِلِي في بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بنِ زَيدٍ بالعَوالِي، فتَغَضَّبتُ يَومًا على امرأَتِي فإِذا هِيَ تُراجِعُنِي، فأَنكَرتُ أن تُراجِعَنِي، فقالَت: ما تُنكِرُ أن أُراجِعَكَ؟ فواللهِ إنّ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يُراجِعنَه، وتَهجُرُه إحداهُنَّ اليَومَ إلَى اللَّيلِ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ فدَخَلتُ على حَفصَةَ فقُلتُ: أتُراجِعينَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَت: نَعَم، وتَهجُرُه إحداهُنَّ اليَومَ إلَى اللَّيلِ. قُلتُ: قَد خابَ مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنكُنَّ وخَسِرَ، أفَتأمَنُ إحداكُنَّ أن يَغضَبَ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٤٧٨٥) تعليقًا من قول الليث عن يونس به، ومسلم (١٤٧٥).","vol":"13","page":462},{"text":"عَلَيها لِغَضَبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فإِذا هِيَ قَد هَلَكَت؟ لا تُراجِعِي رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولا تَسأَليه شَيئًا، وسَلينِي ما بَدا لَك، ولا يَغُرَّنَّكِ أن كانَت جارَتُكِ هِيَ أوسَمَ وأَحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنكِ. يُريدُ عائشةَ. قال: وكانَ لِي جارٌ مِنَ الأنصار، وكُنّا نَتَناوَبُ النُّزولَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَنزِلُ يَومًا وأَنزِلُ يَومًا، فيأتينِي بخَبَرِ الوَحي وغَيرِه، وآتيه بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ. قال: وكُنّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّ غَسّانَ تُنعِلُ الخَيلَ (^١) لِغَزوِنا، فنَزَلَ صاحِبِي يَومًا، ثُمَّ أتانِي عِشاءً فضَرَبَ بابِي، ثُمَّ نادانِي فخَرَجتُ إلَيه فقالَ: حَدَثَ أمرٌ عَظيم. قال: قُلتُ: ماذا؟ أجاءَت غَسّانُ؟ قال: لا، بَل أعظَمُ مِن ذَلِكَ وأَطوَلُ؛ طَلَّقَ الرَّسولُ - ﷺ - نِساءَه. قال: فقُلتُ: قَد خابَت حَفصَةُ وخَسِرَت، قَد كُنتُ أظُنُّ هَذا كائنًا. حَتَّى إذا صَلَّيتُ الصُّبحَ، شَدَدتُ عليّ ثيابِي، ثُمَّ نَزَلتُ فدَخَلتُ على حَفصَةَ وهِيَ تَبكِي فقُلتُ: أطَلَّقَكُنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالَت: لا أدرِي، هو هَذا مُعتَزِلًا في هذه المَشرُبَةِ (^٢). فأَتَيتُ غُلامًا له أسوَدَ فقُلتُ: استأذِنْ لِعُمَرَ. فدَخَلَ الغُلامُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: قَد ذكرْتُكَ له فصَمَتَ. فانطَلَقتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُ المَسجِدَ، فإِذا قَومٌ حَولَ المِنبَرِ جُلوسٌ يَبكِي بَعضُهُم، فجَلَستُ قَليلًا، ثُمَّ غَلَبَنِي ما أجِدُ، فأَتَيتُ الغُلامَ فقُلتُ: استأذِنْ لِعُمَرَ. فدَخَلَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: قَد ذَكَرتُكَ له فصَمَتَ. فخَرَجتُ فجَلَستُ إلَى المِنبَر، ثُمَّ غَلَبَنِي ما أجِدُ، فأَتَيتُ الغُلامَ فقُلتُ: استأذِنْ لِعُمَرَ. فدَخَلَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: قَد ذَكَرتُكَ له فصَمَتَ. قال: فوَلَّيتُ مُدبِرًا فإِذا الغُلامُ يَدعونِي فقالَ: ادخُلْ، قَد أذِنَ لَكَ. فدَخَلتُ فسَلَّمتُ على\n_________\n(^١) تنعل الخيل: تجعل لها نعالا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧.\n(^٢) المشربة: الغرفة. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٧٧.","vol":"13","page":463},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فإِذا هو مُتَّكِئٌ على رَملِ حَصيرٍ قَد أثَّرَ في جَنبِه، فقُلتُ: أطَلَّقتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ نِساءَكَ؟ قال: فرَفَعَ رأسَه إلَيَّ وقالَ: \"لا\". فقُلتُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ، لَو رأَيتَنا يا رسولَ اللهِ وكُنّا مَعشَرَ القُرَيشِ (^١) قَومًا نَغلِبُ النِّساءَ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ وجَدنا قَومًا تَغلِبُهُم نِساؤُهُم، فطَفِقَ نِساؤُنا يَتَعَلَّمنَ مِن نِسائهِم، فتَغَضَّبتُ علَى امرأَتِي يَومًا، فإِذا هِيَ تُراجِعُنِي، يَعنِي فأَنكَرتُ، فقالَت: ما تُنكِرُ أن أُراجِعَكَ؟ فواللهِ إنّ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَيُراجِعنَه، وتَهجُرُه إحداهُنَّ اليَومَ إلَى اللَّيلِ. فقُلتُ: قَد خابَ مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنهُنَّ وخَسِرَ، أفَتأمَنُ إحداهُنَّ أن يَغضَبَ اللهُ عَلَيها لِغَضَبِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فإِذا هِيَ قَد هَلَكَت؟ فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ - يَعنِي قَد دَخَلتُ على حَفصَةَ فقُلتُ - لا يَغُرَّنَّكِ أن كانَت جارَتُكِ هِيَ أوسَمَ مِنك وأَحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنكِ. فتَبَسَّمَ أُخرَى، فقُلتُ: أستأنِسُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فجَلَستُ فرَفَعتُ رأسِي في البَيت، فواللَّهِ ما رأَيتُ فيه شَيئًا يَرُدُّ البَصَرَ إلَّا أُهُبًا ثَلاثَةً. فقُلتُ: ادعُ اللَّهَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أن يوَسِّعَ على أُمَّتِكَ، فقَد وَسَّعَ على فارِسَ والرّومِ وهُم لا يَعبُدونَ اللَّهَ. فاستَوَى جالِسًا فقالَ: \"أفِي شَكٍّ أنتَ يا ابنَ الخطابِ؟ أولَئكَ قَومٌ قد عُجِّلَت لَهُم طَيِّباتُهُم في الحَياةِ الدُّنيا\". فقُلتُ: أستَغفِرُ اللهَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. وكانَ أقسَمَ ألَّا يَدخُلَ عَلَيهِنَّ شَهرًا مِن شِدَّةِ مَوجِدَتِه عَلَيهِنَّ، حَتَّى عاتبَه اللهُ ﷿ (^٢).\nقال الزُّهرِيُّ: فأَخبَرَنِي عُروةُ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: فلَمّا مَضَت تِسعٌ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"القوم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٤١٢)، والدلائل ١/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦، وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢)، والترمذي (٢٤٦١، ٣٣١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٨) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"13","page":464},{"text":"وعِشرونَ لَيلَةً دَخَلَ عليّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، بَدأَ بي، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أقسَمتَ ألَّا تَدخُلَ عَلَينا - تَعنِي شَهرًا - إنَّكَ دَخَلتَ عليّ مِن تِسعٍ وعِشرينَ أعُدُّهُنَّ. قال: \"إنَّ الشَّهرَ تِسعٌ وعِشرونَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"يا عائشَةُ إنِّي ذاكِرٌ لَكِ أمرًا، فلا عَلَيكِ ألَّا تَعجَلِي فيه حَتَّى تَستأمِرِي أبَوَيكِ\". قال: ثُمَّ قرأَ عليّ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا﴾ الآيَةَ. قالَت: قَد عَلِمَ واللَّهِ أنَّ أبَوَيَّ لَم يَكونا يأمُرانِي بفِراقِه. قالَت: قُلتُ: أفِي هَذا أستأمِرُ أبَوَيَّ؟ فإِنِّي أُريدُ اللَّهَ ورسولَه والدّارَ الآخِرَةَ (^١). قال مَعمَرٌ: وأَخبَرَنِي أيّوبُ قال: فقالَت له عائشَةُ: لا تَقُلْ: إنِّي اختَرتُكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما بُعِثتُ مُبَلِّغًا، ولَم أُبعَثْ مُتَعَنِّتًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ قالا: حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَستأذِنُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فوَجَدَ النّاسَ جُلوسًا على بابِه لَم يُؤذَنْ لأحَدٍ مِنهُم. قال: فأُذِنَ لأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ - فدَخَلَ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فاستأذَنَ فأُذِنَ له (^٤)، فوَجَدَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٩٧). ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٣٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٣١٨) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٨٣/ ٢٢)، (١٤٧٩/ ٣٤)، ٢/ ١١١٣ (١٤٧٥/ ٣٥).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"فدخل\".","vol":"13","page":465},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جالِسًا حَولَه نِساؤُه، واجِمٌ ساكِتٌ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لأقولَنَّ شَيئًا أُضحِكُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، لَو رأَيتَ ابنَةَ خارِجَةَ سأَلَتنِي النَّفَقَةَ فقُمتُ إلَيها فوَجأْتُ عُنُقَها. قال: فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"وهُنَّ حَولِي كما تَرَى يَسأَلنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ\". قال: فقامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - إلَى عائشةَ فوَجأَ عُنُقَها، وقامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلَى حَفصَةَ فوَجأَ عُنُقَها، وكِلاهُما يقولُ: تَسأَلْنَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما لَيسَ عِندَه؟ فقُلنَ: واللهِ لا نَسأَلُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما لَيسَ عِندَه. ثُمَّ اعتَزَلَهُنَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَهرًا أو تِسعَةً وعِشرينَ يَومًا، ثُمَّ نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾. قال: فبَدأَ بعائشَةَ - ﵂ - فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنِّي أُحِبُّ أن أعرِضَ عَلَيكِ أمرًا، فأُحِبُّ ألا تَعجَلِي فيه حَتَّى تَستَشيرِي أبَوَيكِ\". قالَت: وما هو يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فتَلا عَلَيها الآيَةَ، فقالَت: أفيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أستَشيرُ أبَوَيَّ؟ بَل أختارُ اللهَ ورسولَه، أسأَلُكَ ألا تُخبِرَ امرأَةً مِن نِسائكَ بالَّذِي قُلتُ. قال: \"لا تَسأَلُنِي امرأَةٌ مِنهُنَّ إلَّا أخبَرتُها، إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَبعَثْنِي مُعَنِّتًا، ولَكِن بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الأخرَمُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّابِ وعَلِيُّ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥١٦) عن روح به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٠٨) من طريق زكريا بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧٨).","vol":"13","page":466},{"text":"الحَسَن، قال عليٌّ: حدثنا. وقالَ محمدٌ: أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ قال: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ (ح) قال أبو عبد اللَّهِ: وحَدَّثَنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: أخبرَنِي عَبثَرٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: قَد خَيَّرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم نَعُدَّه طَلاقًا (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي، وأبو عبد اللَّهِ السّوسِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أسَدٍ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ قال: سأَلتُ الزُّهرِيِّ: أيُّ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - استَعاذَت مِنهُ؟ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُروةُ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّ ابنَةَ الجَونِ الكِلابيَّةَ لَمّا أُدخِلَت على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنكَ. قال: \"لَقَد عُذتِ بعَظيمٍ، الحَقِي بأَهلِكِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٥٣)، والترمذي (١١٧٩)، والنسائي (٣٢٠٣) من طريق إسماعيل به. وسيأتي في (١٥١٢٧، ١٥١٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧٧/ ٢٤)، البخاري (٥٢٦٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٥. وفيه: ابنة أبي الجون. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٤١٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٦) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وعند النسائي: الكلابية. دون ذكر اسمها. وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٧) من طريق عروة به بنحوه. وفيه: عمرة بنت الجون. وسيأتي في (١٣٥٥٤، ١٥١٠٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٥٤).","vol":"13","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2910>بابُ ما وجَبَ عَلَيه مِن قيامِ اللَّيلِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ عَسَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٩].\n\n١٣٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن كامِلٍ القاضي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ العَوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ﴾ يَعنِي بالنافِلَةِ أنَّها لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً، أُمِرَ بقيامِ اللَّيلِ وكُتِبَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه وعبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٢) محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بكرُ بن سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الغَنِيِّ بن سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ عليّ فريضَةٌ [وهُنَّ سُنَّةٌ لَكُمُ] (^٣)، الوِترُ، والسِّواكُ، وقيامُ اللَّيلِ\" (^٤). موسَى بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ هَذا ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا (^٥)، ولَم يَثبُتْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٥/ ٤٠ عن محمد بن سعد به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٩٨: عطية ومن روى عنه ضعيفان. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ٣/ ٣: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وهى لكم سنة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٢٦٦) عن بكر بن سهل به.\n(^٥) موسى بن عبد الرحمن أبو محمد الثقفى الصنعانى. ينظر الكلام عليه في المجروحين ٢/ ٢٤٢، والضعفاء لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٤٧، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٦٨٤.","vol":"13","page":468},{"text":"في هَذا إسنادٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادٌ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، حدثنا زيادُ بن عِلاقَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصلِّي حَتَّى تَرِمَ أو تَنتَفِخَ رِجلاه أو قَدَماه. قال: فقالوا له: قال: \"أفَلا أكونُ عبدًا شَكورًا؟ \" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ المُهَنَّى الأزدِيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بن مَعروفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو صَخرٍ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا صَلَّى قامَ حَتَّى تَفَطَّرَ رِجلاه. فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: يا رسولَ اللَّه، تَصنَعُ هَذا وقَد غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأَخَّرَ؟ قال: \"يا عائشَةُ، أفَلا أكونُ عبدًا شَكورًا؟ \" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارون بنِ مَعروفٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٣٨) من طريق مسعر به. وتقدم في (٤٧٩٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٧١)، ومسلم (٢٨١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٤٤) عن هارون بن معروف به. والبخارى (٤٨٣٧) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٢٠).","vol":"13","page":469},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2911>بابُ ما حَرُمَ عَلَيه وتَنَزَّهَ عنه مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ يَعقوبَ ابنُ عَمِّ أبي النَّضرِ الفَقيه، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن مُسلِمٍ القُرَشِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يأكُلُ الهَديَّةَ ولا يأكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى ذِكرُه في آخِرِ كِتابِ الهِباتِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنى المَكِّيُّ بن إبراهيمَ قال: بَهزٌ ذَكَرَه، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أُتِيَ بطَعامٍ سأَلَ عنه: \"أهَديَّةٌ أو صَدَقَةٌ؟ \". فإِن قالوا: هَديَّةٌ. بَسَطَ يَدَه، وإِن قالوا: صَدَقَةٌ. قال لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". بَهزٌ هو ابنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ حَيدَةَ القُشَيرِيُّ، أحَدُ بَنِي عامِرِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ بنِ هَوازِنَ. قالَه يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢١٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٧٧).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٦. وتقدم في (١٣٣٧٨).","vol":"13","page":470},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2912>بابُ ما حَرُمَ عَلَيه مِن خائنَةِ الأعيِنُ دونَ المَكيدَةِ في الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن المُفَضَّل، حدثنا أسباطُ بن نَصرٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ قال: زَعَمَ السُّدِّيُّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ إلَّا أربَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وامرأَتَينِ؛ مِنهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: وأَمّا عبدُ اللهِ بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ فإِنَّه اختَبأَ عِندَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا دَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ إلَى البَيعَة، جاءَ به حَتَّى أوقَفَه على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، بايعْ عبدَ اللَّهِ. فرَفَعَ رأسَه فنَظَرَ إلَيه ثَلاثًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يأبَى، فبايَعَه بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على أصحابِه فقالَ: \"أما فيكُم رَجُلٌ رَشيدٌ يَقومُ إلَى هَذا حَيثُ رآنِي قَد كَفَفتُ يَدِي عن بَيعَتِه فيَقتُلُه؟ \". قال: ما يُدرينا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما في نَفسِكَ، هَلَّا أومأْتَ إلَينا بعَينِكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّه لا يَنبغِي أن تَكونَ لِنَبِيٍّ خائنَةُ الأعيُنِ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الحَربُ خُدعَةٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٥٩، ٦٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٨٣)، والنسائي (٤٠٧٨) من طريق أحمد بن المفضل به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٥٩٩: إسناده صالح. وسيأتي في (١٦٩٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦٣٦)، والترمذي (١٦٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى =","vol":"13","page":471},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضل، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وزُهَيرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الله بنَ كَعبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ولَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُريدُ غَزوَةً يَغزوها إلَّا ورَّى بغَيرِها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن لِكَعبِ بنِ الأشرَفِ؟ فإِنَّه قَد آذَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\". فقالَ محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ الله، أتُحِبُّ أن أقتُلَهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فأْذَنْ لِي فأَقولَ. قال: \"قَد أذِنتُ لَكَ\". فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ في احتيالِه في قَتلِ كَعبِ بنِ الأشرَفِ. قال: فلَمّا استَمكَنَ مِنه قَتَلوه، فأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n= (١٦٩٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) البخاري (٣٠٣٠)، ومسلم (١٧٣٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٩٩٠، ٧٨٥١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٤٧)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩/. . .).","vol":"13","page":472},{"text":"فأَخبَروه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الحَربُ خُدعَةٌ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2913>بابٌ: لَم يَكُنْ له إذا لَبِسَ لأمَتَه أن يَنزِعَها حَتَّى يَلقَى العَدوَّ ولَو بنَفسِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ أُحُدٍ وإِشارَةَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - على المُسلِمينَ بالمُكثِ في المَدينَة، وأَنَّ كَثيرًا مِنَ النّاسِ أبَوْا إلَّا الخُروجَ إلَى العَدوّ، قال: ولَو تَناهَوا إلَى قَولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَمرِه كان خَيرًا لَهُم، ولَكِنْ غَلَبَ القَضاءُ والقَدَرُ. قال: وعامَّةُ مَن أشارَ عَلَيه بالخُروجِ رِجالٌ لَم يَشهَدوا بَدرًا، وقَد عَلِموا الَّذِي سَبَقَ لأهلِ بَدرٍ مِنَ الفَضيلَة، فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَلاةَ الجُمُعَةِ وعَظَ النّاسَ وذَكَّرَهُم، وأَمَرَهُم بالجِدِّ والاجتِهاد، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ مِن خُطبَتِه وصَلاتِه فدَعا بلأمَتِه فلَبِسَها، ثُمَّ أذَّنَ في النّاسِ بالخُروج، فلَمّا أبصَرَ ذَلِكَ رِجالٌ مِن ذَوِي الرّأىِ قالوا: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن نَمكُثَ بالمَدينَة، فإِن دَخَلَ عَلَينا العَدوُّ قاتَلناهُم في الأزِقَّة، وهو أعلَمُ باللَّهِ وبِما يُريدُ ويأتيه الوَحيُ مِنَ السَّماء، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (١٢٣٧، ١٢٥٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٤١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥١٠، ٣٠٣١، ٣٠٣٢، ٤٠٣٧)، ومسلم (١٨٠١).","vol":"13","page":473},{"text":"أشخَصناه. فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ الله، أنَمكُثُ كما أمَرتَنا؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنبغِي لِنَبِيٍّ إذا أخَذَ لأمَةَ الحَرب، وأَذَّنَ في النَّاسٍ بالخُروجِ إلَى العَدوِّ أن يَرجِعَ حَتَّى يُقاتِلَ، وقَد دَعَوتُكُم إلَى هَذا الحديثِ فأَبَيتُم إلَّا الخُروجَ، فعَلَيكُم بتَقوَى اللَّهِ والصَّبرِ إذا لَقِيتُمُ العَدوَّ، وانظُروا ما أمَرتُكُم به فافعَلوه\". فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والمُسلِمونَ مَعَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\nوهَكَذا ذكره موسَى بن عُقبَةَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن شُيوخِه مِن أهلِ المَغازِي (^٣)، وهو عامٌّ في أهلِ المَغازِي وإِن كان مُنقَطِعًا. وكَتَبناه مَوصولًا بإِسنادٍ حَسَنٍ:\n\n١٣٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي زنادٍ (^٤)، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: تنَفَّلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَيفَه ذو (^٥) الفَقارِ يَومَ بَدرٍ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: وهو الَّذِي رأَى فيه الرُّؤيا يَومَ أُحُدٍ؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - لَمّا جاءَه المُشرِكونَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، كان رأيُه أن يُقيمَ بالمَدينَةِ فيُقاتِلَهُم فيها، فقالَ له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٧٣٥) عن عروة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٠٦، ٢٠٨ من طريق موسى بن عقبة. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٢/ ٥، ٣٨ من قول موسى بن عقبة. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٣٥ من طريق الزهري.\n(^٣) ابن إسحاق في السيرة (٥٠٣)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٨، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (٨٦١)، والمصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٢٤، ٢٢٦.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الزناد\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المصنف: الزناد\".\n(^٥) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب في الحاشية: \"بخطه أيضا: ذا\".","vol":"13","page":474},{"text":"ناسٌ لَم يَكونوا شَهِدوا بَدرًا: تَخرُجُ بنا يا رسولَ الله إلَيهِم نُقاتِلُهُم بأُحُدٍ. ورَجَوا أن يُصيبوا مِنَ الفَضيلَةِ ما أصابَ أهلُ بَدرٍ، فما زالوا به حَتَّى لَبِسَ أداتَه، ثُمَّ نَدِموا وقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، أقِمْ، فالرّأيُ رأيُكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما يَنبغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أن يَضَعَ أداتَه بَعدَ أن لَبِسَها حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللهُ بَينَه وبَينَ عَدوِّه\". قال: وكانَ مِمّا قال لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ قَبلَ أن يَلبَسَ الأداةَ: \"إنِّي رأَيتُ أنِّي في دِرعٍ حَصينَةٍ فأَوَّلتُها المَدينَةَ، وأَنِّي مُردِفٌ كَبشًا فأَوَّلتُه كَبشَ الكَتيبَة، ورأَيتُ أنَّ سَيفِي ذا الفَقارِ فُلَّ فأَوَّلتُه فلًّا فيكُم، ورأيتُ بَقَرًا تُذبَحُ، فبَقَرٌ، واللهِ خَيرٌ، فبَقَرٌ، واللّهِ خَيرٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2914>بابٌ: لَم يَكُنْ له إذا سَمعَ المُنكَرَ تَركُ النَّكيِر</span>\n\n١٣٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: ما خُيِّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أمرَينِ إلَّا أخَذَ أيسَرَهُما ما لَم يَكُنْ إثمًا، فإِذا كان إثمًا كان أبعَدَ النّاسِ مِنه، وما انتَقَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِنَفسِه إلَّا أن تُنتَهَكَ حُرمَةُ اللَّهِ فيَنتَقِمَ للَّهِ بها (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥، والحاكم ٢/ ١٢٨، ١٢٩. وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٥)، والترمذي عقب (١٥٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٠٨) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٢٨٧٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣١٠، ٣١١، ومالك ٢/ ٩٠٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٨٤٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٨٥) عن القعنبى به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٣) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"13","page":475},{"text":"١٣٤١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا موسَى بن محمدٍ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: فيَنتَقِمَ للهِ بها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٣٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن حَمّادٍ الأنصارِيُّ المِصرِيُّ ومالِكُ بن إسماعيلَ النَّهدِيُّ قالا: حدثنا جُمَيعُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ العِجلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ بمَكَّةَ، عن ابنِ أبِي هالَةَ التَّميمِيّ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ قال: سأَلتُ خالِي هِندَ بنَ أبي هالَةَ التَّميمِيَّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الحُسَينِيُّ العَقيقِيُّ صاحِبُ كِتابِ \"النسب\" ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أخيه موسَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: قال الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ: سأَلتُ خالِي هِندَ بنَ أبي هالَةَ عن حِليَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ وصّافًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه قال: ويَتَفَقَّدُ أصحابَه، ويَسأَلُ النّاسَ عَما فيه النّاسُ؛ يُحَسِّنُ الحَسَنَ ويُصَوِّبُه، ويُقَبِّحُ القَبيحَ ويوَهِّنُه. وفِي الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى: ويُقَوّيه. بَدَلَ: ويُصَوِّبُه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣١٠، ٣١١.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٢٦)، ومسلم (٢٣٢٧/ ٧٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٢٨٥ - ٢٨٩. وأخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٤٢٢ - ٤٢٤ عن مالك بن إسماعيل=","vol":"13","page":476},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2915>بابٌ: لَم يَكُنْ له أن يَتَعَلَّمَ شِعرًا ولا يَكتُبَ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ﴾ [يس: ٦٩]. وقالَ: ﴿فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٨]. قال بَعضُ أهلِ التَّفسيرِ: الأُمِّيُّ الَّذِي لا يَقرأُ الكِتابَ ولا يَخُطُّ بيَمينِهِ (^١). وهَذا قَولُ مُقاتِلِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وغَيرِه مِن أهلِ التَّفسيرِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن سِراجٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أخِي حُسَينٍ الجُعفِيّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عباسِ - ﵄ - في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كُنْتَ تَتْلُو مِنْ قَبْلِهِ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ﴾ [العنكبوت: ٤٨]. قال: لَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقرأُ ولا يَكتُبُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الطّابَرانِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n= به. والترمذي في الشمائل (٣٢١) من طريق جميع به. وابن شاذان في مشيخته (٦١) من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قال الشيخ\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: قلت\".\n(^٢) تفسير مقاتل ١/ ٤١٨.\n(^٣) معجم الإسماعيلي (٣٦٧). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٨/ ٤٢٤، ٤٢٥، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٣٧٢) من طريق عطية العوفى عن ابن عباس.","vol":"13","page":477},{"text":"إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ الأسوَدَ بنَ قَيسٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لا نَكتُبُ ولا نَحسُبُ، والشَّهرُ هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا - وقَبَضَ [أحَدَ أصابِعِه] (^١) - وهَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". يَعنِي ثَلاثينَ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ الخَثعَمِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ الأودِيُّ، حدثنا شُرَيحُ بن مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِي ابنَ يوسُفَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي البَراءُ - ﵁ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَمّا أرادَ أن يَعتَمِرَ أرسَلَ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ يَستأذِنُهُم ليَدخُلَ مَكَّةَ، فاشتَرَطوا عَلَيه ألا يُقيمَ بها إلا ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ، ولا يَدخُلَها إلَّا بجُلُبّانِ السِّلاحِ (^٤)، ولا يَدْعوَ مِنهُم أحَدًا. قال: فأَخَذَ يَكتُبُ الشَّرطَ بَينَهُم عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ: هَذا ما قاضَى عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ. فقالوا: لَو عَلِمنا أنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ لَم نَمنَعْكَ ولَبايَعناكَ، ولَكِنِ اكتُبْ: هَذا ما قاضَى عَلَيه محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ. فقالَ: \"أنا واللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد الله، وأَنا واللَّهِ رسولُ اللهِ\". قال: وكانَ لا يَكتُبُ. قال: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أصابعه\". وفي م: \"أصبعه\"، وضبب في الأصل فوق كلمة: \"أحد\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٢٨١).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٩١٣)، ومسلم (١٠٨٠/ ١٥).\n(^٤) جلبان، بضم الجيم واللام وتشديد الباء الموحدة: جراب من الجلد يوضع فيه السيف. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٦٣.","vol":"13","page":478},{"text":"لِعَلِيٍّ: \"امحُ رسولَ اللَّهِ\". قال عليٌّ: لا واللَّهِ لا أمحاه أبَدًا. قال: \"فأَرِنيه\". قال: فأَراه إيّاه فمَحاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بيَدِه، فلَمّا دَخَلَ ومَضَى الأجَلُ أتَوا عَليًّا - ﵁ - فقالوا: مُرْ صاحِبَكَ فليَرتَحِلْ. فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عليٌّ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَعَم أرتَحِلُ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ الأودِيّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ بمَعناه (^١)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى عن إسرائيلَ عن أبي إسحاقَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: فأَخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الكِتابَ ولَيسَ يُحسِنُ يَكتُبُ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ القَضيَّة، وذَكَرَ فيه أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا عليُّ، امحُ رسولَ اللَّهِ\". قال: واللَّهِ لا أمحوكَ أبَدًا. فأَخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الكِتابَ ولَيسَ يُحسِنُ يَكتُبُ (^٣).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ يوسُفَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ عن أبيه عن البَراءِ في هذه القِصَّةِ قال: فقالَ: \"أرِنيه\". فأَراه إيّاه، فمَحاه بيَدِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣١٨٤)، ومسلم (١٧٨٣/ ٩٢). وتقدم في (٩٢٦٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٤٤، ٢٦٩٩، ٤٢٥١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٥)، وفي الدلائل ٤/ ٣٣٧، ٣٣٨. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٧٨)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (١٨٦٣٥) من طريق إسرائيل به. وسيأتي في (١٥٨٦٤).","vol":"13","page":479},{"text":"١٣٤١٨ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بكرُ بن سَهلٍ الدِّمياطيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن مَنصورٍ القُشَيرِيُّ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بن القاسِم، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ يَحيَى بن المُتَوَكِّل، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَونُ بن عبد الله، عن أبيه قال: ما ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى كَتَبَ وقَرأَ. قال مُجالِدٌ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلشَّعبِيِّ فقالَ: قَد صَدَقَ، قَد سَمِعتُ مِن أصحابِنا يَذكُرونَ ذَلِكَ (^١). فهَذا حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ، وفِي رواتِه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الضُّعَفاءِ والمَجهولينَ، واللهُ تَعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٤١٩ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بن أحمدَ نِ نُعَيمٍ وكيلُ المُتَّقِي ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن هِلالٍ النَّحوِيُّ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عمرٍو (^٢) الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما جَمَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَيتَ شِعرٍ قَطُّ إلَّا بَيتًا واحِدًا:\nتَفاءَلْ بما تَهوَى يَكُنْ فلقَلَّما ... يُقالُ لِشَئٍ كان إلَّا تَحَقَّقَ\nقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: ولَم يَقُلْ: تَحَقَّقا. لِئَلَّا يُعرِبَه فيَصيرَ شِعرًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٤/ ١٠٢، ١٠٣ من طريق أبي العباس به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٢٦٥ من طريق أبو النضر به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٧٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب ١٠/ ١٨٠ من طريق أبي حفص عمر بن أحمد به.","vol":"13","page":480},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: لَم أكتُبْه إلَّا بهَذا الإسناد، وفيهِم مَن يُجهَلُ حالُه (^١)، وأَمّا الرَّجَزُ، فقَد كان - ﷺ - يَقولُه:\n\n١٣٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ السِّمسارُ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بن إدريسَ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَداةٍ بارِدَةٍ، والمُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ يَحفِرونَ الخَندَقَ فقالَ:\nاللَّهمَّ إنَّ الخَيرَ خَيرُ الآخِرَه ... فاغفِر لِلأنصارِ والمُهاجِرَه\nفأَجابوه:\nنَحنُ الَّذينَ بايَعوا محمدَا ... على الجِهادِ ما بَقِينا أبَدَا (^٢)\nأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَص، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يَومَ الخَندَقِ وهو يَنقُلُ التُّرابَ حَتَّى وارَى التُّرابُ شَعَرَ صَدرِه، وكانَ رَجُلًا كَثيرَ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٠٣: بل هو باطل بهذا السند.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٥١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣١٧)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨٩) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٣٤، ٢٩٦١، ٣٧٩٦، ٤٠٩٩، ٧٢٠١). وعنده في الموضع الثاني والثالث أنه - ﵁ - هو الذي أجابهم.","vol":"13","page":481},{"text":"الشَّعَر، وهو يَرتَجِزُ برَجَزِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ - ﵁ -:\nاللَّهمَّ لَولا أنتَ ما اهتَدَينا ... ولا تَصَدَّقنا ولا صَلَّينا\nفأَنزِلَن سَكينَةً عَلَينا ... وثَبِّتِ الأقدامَ إن لاقَينا\nإنَّ الأعداءَ قَد بَغَوا عَلَينا ... وإن أرادوا فِتنَةً أبَينا\nيَرفَعُ بها صَوتَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\nوأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، وقالَ شُعبَةُ في رِوايَتِه: وقَد وارَى التُّرابُ بَياضَ بَطنِه وهو يقولُ: وقالَ: \"إنَّ الأُلَى قَد بَغَوا عَلَينا\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٢٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَنقُلُ التُّرابَ معنا يَومَ الأحزابِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤١٣، ٤١٤ من طريق مسدد به. وفيه: إن العدو. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٤٧٢) عن أبي الأحوص به. وعنده: إن الألى. وأحمد (١٨٤٨٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٦٧) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وعندهم: إن الألى.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٣٤).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٣٧، ٤١٠٤، ٧٢٣٦)، ومسلم (١٨٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٣٥) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأحمد (١٨٥١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٥٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٣٦).","vol":"13","page":482},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن سعيدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ وجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ له: يا أبا عُمارَةَ، أوَلَّيتُم يَومَ حُنَينٍ؟ قال: أمّا أنا فأَشهَدُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه لَم يوَلّ، ولَكِن عَجِلَ سَرَعانُ القَومِ وقَد رَشَقَتهُم هَوازِنُ، وأبو سُفيانَ بنُ الحارِثِ آخِذٌ برأسِ بَغلَتِه البَيضاءِ وهو يقولُ:\n\"أنا النَّبِيُّ لا كَذِب ... أنا ابنُ عبد المُطَّلِب\" (^١)\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن جُندُبٍ - ﵁ - قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في غارٍ فنُكِبَت إصبَعُه فقالَ:\n\"هَل أنتِ إلَّا إصبَعٌ دَمِيتِ ... وفِي سَبيلِ اللهِ ما لَقيتِ\" (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ١٧٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٧٧١) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٨٧٠٦)، والترمذي (١٦٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٣٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (١٨٥١٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣١٥)، ومسلم (١٧٧٦/ عقب ٨٠).\n(^٣) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٧٦). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٣٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٨٧٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٩٣)، وابن حبان (٦٥٧٧) من طريق الأسود به، وعند بعضهم أنه كان في بعض المشاهد.","vol":"13","page":483},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأسوَدِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2916>بابُ قَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ﴾ [الزمر: ٦٥]</span>\nقال أبو العباسِ: ولَيسَ كَذَلِكَ غَيرُه حَتَّى يَموتَ؛ لِقَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧].\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كذا قال أبو العباس، وذَهَبَ غَيرُه إلَى أنَّ المُرادَ بهَذا الخِطابِ غَيرُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ المُطلَقُ يَكونُ مَحمولًا على المُقَيَّد، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٤٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ أعرابِيٌّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ما الموجِبَتانِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَن ماتَ لا يُشرِكُ باللهِ شَيئًا دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ، ومَن ماتَ يُشرِكُ به شَيئًا دَخَلَ النّارَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٩٦/ ١١٣)، والبخارى (٦١٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٠٠) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٣/ ١٥١).","vol":"13","page":484},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2917>بابٌ: كان عَلَيه قَضاءُ دَينِ مَن ماتَ مِنَ المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٣٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُؤتَى بالرَّجُلِ (^١) أظُنُّه عَلَيه الدَّينُ فيَسأَلُ: \"هَل تَرَكَ لِدَينِه مِن قَضاءٍ؟ \". فإِن حُدِّثَ أنَّه تَرَكَ وفاءً صَلَّى عَلَيه، وإِلَّا قال: \"صَلُّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". فلَمّا فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيه الفُتوحَ قال: \"أنا أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم، فمَن توُفِّيَ وعَلَيه دَينٌ فعَلَيَّ قَضاؤُه، ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِوَرَثَتِه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهب، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2918>بابُ ما أمَرَه اللهُ تَعالَى به مِن أن يَدفَعَ بالَّتِي هِيَ أحسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ فقالَ: ﴿ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٤]</span>\nقال بَعضُ أهلِ التَّفسيرِ: وذَلِكَ أنَّ أبا جَهلٍ لَعَنَه اللهُ كان يُؤذِي النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، وكانَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - له مُبغِضًا، ويَكرَهُ رُؤيَتَه، فأَمَرَه اللهُ تَعالَى بالعَفوِ والصَّفحِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"الميت\"، وكتب في الحاشية: \"بخطه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (١٩٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٥)، وابن حبان (٤٨٥٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٧٨٩٩) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٣٤٧٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦١٩/ ١٤)، والبخارى (٦٧٣١).","vol":"13","page":485},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الَّذِي حَكاه أبو العباسِ عن بَعضِ أهلِ التَّفسيرِ.\n\n١٣٤٢٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن ثابِتٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، عن الهُذَيل، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾: وذَلِكَ أنَّ أبا جَهلٍ لَعَنَه اللهُ كان يُؤذِي النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، وكانَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - له مُبغِضًا يَكرَهُ رُؤيَتَه، فأَمَرَه اللهُ تَعالَى بالعَفوِ والصَّفح، يقولُ: فإِذا فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ ﴿فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ﴾ يَعنِي أبا جَهلٍ ﴿كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ﴾ في الدُّنيا ﴿حَمِيمٌ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٤] لَكَ في النَّسَب، الشَّفيقُ عَلَيكَ، وقالَ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ السَّيِّئَةَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٩٦]: نَزَلَت في النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِي جَهلٍ حينَ جَهِلَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٣٤٢٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علي بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ قال: أمَرَ اللهُ سُبحانَه المُؤمِنينَ بالصَّبرِ عِندَ الغَضَب، والحِلمِ عِندَ الجَهل، والعَفوِ عِندَ الإساءَة، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمَهُمُ اللهُ مِنَ الشَّيطان، وخَضَعَ لَهُم عَدوُّهُم كأَنَّه ولِيٌّ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مقاتل ٣/ ١٦٧.","vol":"13","page":486},{"text":"حَميمٌ (^١). ذَكَرَ البخاريُّ مَتنَه في التَّرجَمَةِ (^٢). وكأنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ ذَهَبَ إلَى أنَّه وإِن خاطَبَ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فالمُرادُ به هو وغَيرُه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن نَصرٍ البَزّازُ دُوسْتُ (^٣)، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بن النُّعمان، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: لَقِيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ - ﵄ - فقُلتُ له: أخبِرْنِي عن صِفَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في التَّوراةِ. فقالَ: أجَل، واللَّهِ إنَّه لَمَوصوفٌ في التَّوراةِ ببَعضِ صِفَتِه في الفُرقانِ: يا أيُّها النَّبِيُّ، إنّا أرسَلناكَ شاهِدًا ومُبَشِّرًا ونَذيرًا، وحِرزًا لِلأُمّيّينَ، أنتَ عبدِي ورسولِي، سَمَّيتُكَ المُتَوَكِّلَ، لَيسَ بفَظٍّ ولا غَليظٍ ولا صَخِبٍ (^٤) بالأسواق، ولا يَدفَعُ السَّيِّئَةَ بالسَّيِّئَة، ولَكِن يَعفو ويَغفِرُ، ولَن أقبِضَه حَتَّى أُقيمَ به المِلَّةَ العَوجاءَ؛ أن يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. وأَفتَحُ به أعيُنًا عُميًا، وآذانًا صُمًّا، وقُلوبًا غُلفًا. قال عَطاءُ بن يَسارٍ ﵀: ثُمَّ لَقيتُ كَعبَ الحَبرِ فسأَلتُه، فما اختَلَفا في حَرفٍ إلَّا أنَّ كَعبًا يقولُ: أعيُنًا عُمومَى، وقُلوبًا غُلوفَى، وآذانًا صُمومَى (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٠/ ٤٣٢، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٧٣٦، ٧٣٧ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٤٨١٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"درست\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٤٣٦، وتوضيح المشتبه ٤/ ٣٠.\n(^٤) في م: \"صخاب\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٧٣، ٣٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٢٢) من طريق فليح به.","vol":"13","page":487},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن فُلَيحِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أنبأنِي أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبي عبد اللهِ الجَدَلِيّ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بفاحِشٍ ولا مُتَفَحِّشٍ، ولا سَخّابِ في الأسواق، ولا يَجزِي بالسَّيِّئَةِ مِثلَها، ولَكِن يَعفو ويَصفَحُ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعالَى عَنها قالَت: ما ضَرَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحَدًا مِن نِسائه قَطُّ، ولا ضَرَبَ خادِمًا قَطُّ، ولا ضَرَبَ شَيئًا بيَمينِه قَطُّ، إلَّا أن يُجاهِدَ في سَبيلِ اللَّه، وما نيلَ مِنه شَئٌ قَطُّ فانتَقَمَ لِنَفسِه، إلا أن تُنتَهَكَ مَحارِمُ اللهِ فيَنتَقِمَ لَها، وما خُيِّرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ أمرَينِ قَطُّ أحَدُهُما أيسَرُ مِنَ الآخَرِ إلَّا اختارَ أيسَرَهُما، إلَّا أن يَكونَ إثمًا، فإِذا كان إثمًا كان أبعَدَ النّاسِ مِنه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سلمان\".\nوالحديث عند البخاري (٢١٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤١٧)، والترمذي (٢٠١٦) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وابن حبان (٦٤٤٣) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٣٤)، والترمذي في الشمائل (٣٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٣)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٨) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"13","page":488},{"text":"آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2919>بابُ ما أمَرَه اللهُ تَعالَى به مِنَ المَشورَةِ فقالَ: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩]</span>\n\n١٣٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: ما رأَيتُ أحَدًا أكثَرَ مُشاوَرَةً لأصحابِه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ الشّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعالَى عنه: وقالَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ [الشورى: ٣٨] (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٣٣ - وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباس، عن الرَّبيع، عن الشّافِعِيِّ قال: قال الحَسَنُ البَصرِيُّ: إن كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لَغَنيًّا عن المُشاوَرَةِ (^٣)، ولَكِنَّه أرادَ أن يَستَنَّ بذَلِكَ الحُكّامُ بَعدَه (^٤). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣٢٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٦٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٩٥.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مشاورتهم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٦٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٩٥. وينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور (٥٣٤)، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١١١٥)، وتفسير ابن أبي حاتم (٤٤١٦)، والمعرفة للمصنف (٥٨٦٣).","vol":"13","page":489},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2920>بابُ ما أمَرَه اللهُ تَعالَى به مِنِ اختيارِ الآخِرَةِ على الأولَى ولا يَمُدُّ عَينَيه إلَى زَهرَةِ الحَياةِ الدُّنيا</span>\nفقالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ وَرِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى﴾ [طه: ١٣١].\n\n١٣٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ التّاجِرُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو زُمَيلٍ سِماكٌ الحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في اعتِزالِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نِساءَه قال: فدَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُضطَجِعٌ على حَصيرٍ، فجَلَستُ فإِذا عَلَيه إزارُه ولَيسَ عَلَيه غَيرُه، وإِذا الحَصيرُ قَد أثَّرَ في جَنبِه، فنَظَرتُ في خِزانَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وإِذا أنا بقَبضَةٍ مِن شَعيرٍ نَحوَ الصّاع، ومِثلُها قَرَظٌ (^١) في ناحيَةِ الغُرفَة، وإِذا أفيقٌ (^٢) مُعَلَّقٌ. قال: فابتَدَرَت عَينايَ فقالَ: \"ما يُبكيكَ يا ابنَ الخطابِ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ الله، وما لِي لا أبكِي وهَذا الحَصيرُ قَد أثَّرَ في جَنبِكَ، وهَذِه خِزانَتُكَ لا أرَى فيها إلَّا ما أرَى، وذَلِكَ قَيصَرُ وكِسرَى في الثِّمارِ والأنهار، وأَنتَ رسولُ اللهِ وصَفوَتُه وهَذِه خِزانَتُه؟ فقالَ: \"يا ابنَ الخطاب، ألا تَرضَى أن تَكونَ لَنا الآخِرَةُ ولَهُمُ الدُّنيا؟ \". قُلتُ: بَلَى. وذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) القرظ: ورق السلم. النهاية ٤/ ٤٣.\n(^٢) الأفيق: الجلد الذي لم يتم دباغه. النهاية ١/ ٥٥.","vol":"13","page":490},{"text":"الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢). وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن ابنَ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في هذه القِصَّةِ: \"أولَئكَ قَومٌ عُجِّلَت لَهُم طَيِّباتُهُم في الحَياةِ الدُّنيا\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو أنَّ لِي مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا ما سَرَّنِي أن يأتِيَ عليّ ثلاثُ لَيالٍ وعِندِي مِنه شَئٌ إلَّا شَئٌ أُرصِدُه لِدَينٍ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن علي بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ القَعقاع، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (١٦٤). وعنده: عثمان بن عمر. بدلًا من: عمر بن يونس. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٨٨) من طريق عمر بن يونس به. وعند ابن ماجه: عمرو.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧٩/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٨٩، ٢٤٦٨، ٥١٩١)، ومسلم (١٤٧٩/ ٣٤)، ١٢/ ١١٣ (١٤٧٥/ ٣٥). وتقدم في (١٣٣٩٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٣٨. وتقدم في (١١٠٦٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٣٨٩).","vol":"13","page":491},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهمَّ اجعَلْ رِزقَ آلِ محمدٍ قُوتًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ فُضيلِ بنِ غَزوانَ عن عُمارَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن إسحاقَ الخُراسانِيُّ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حازِمٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يُشيرُ بأَصابِعِه مِرارًا ويَقولُ: والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، ما شَبعَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَهلُه ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ تِباعًا مِن خُبزِ حِنطَةٍ حَتَّى فارَقَ الدُّنيا (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سعيدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَد، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما شَبعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٩٠١).\n(^٢) مسلم ٤/ ٢٢٨٠ (١٠٥٥/ عقب ١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٦٠)، ومسلم (١٠٥٥/ ١٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦١١) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. والترمذي (٢٣٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٤٣)، وابن حبان (٦٣٤٦) من طريق يزيد بن كيسان به. والبخارى (٥٣٧٤) من طريق أبي حازم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٩٧٦/ ٣٣).","vol":"13","page":492},{"text":"أيّامٍ تِباعًا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، زادَ فيه: مُنذُ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ. وقالَ: مِن خُبزِ بُرٍّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\nوأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ إلَّا أنَّه قال في الحديثِ: ما شَبعَ آلُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - مُنذُ قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ مِن طَعامِ بُرٍّ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ تِباعًا حَتَّى قُبِضَ.\n\n١٣٤٤٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ وقُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، عن جَريرٍ، عن مَنصورٍ بذَلِكَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ (^٥).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عُروةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ وعابِسُ بن رَبيعَةَ عن عائشةَ:\n\n١٣٤٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٦٣٧)، وفي الآداب (٦٩٨)، وفي الدلائل ١/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٢) إسحاق بن راهويه (١٥٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥١) عن أبي معاوية به. وليس عنده: منذ قدم المدينة.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩٧٠/ ٢١).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٤٢٠)، وإسحاق (١٥٥٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٣٧) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٦٣٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٤٤) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٤١٦)، ومسلم (٢٩٧٠/ ٢٠).","vol":"13","page":493},{"text":"ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: قَد كُنّا آلَ محمدٍ - ﷺ - يَمُرُّ بنا الهِلالُ والهِلالُ والهِلالُ ما نوقِدُ بنارٍ لِطَعامٍ إلَّا أنَّه التَّمرُ والماءُ، إلَّا أنَّه حَولَنا أهلُ دورٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فيَبعَثُ أهلُ كُلِّ دارٍ بغَزِيرةِ (^١) شاتِهِم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فكانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن ذَلِكَ اللَّبَنِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ وغَيرِه عن عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ وتَميمُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا هُدبَةُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كُنّا نأتِي أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - ﵁ - وخَبّازُه قائمٌ قال: كُلوا، فما أعلَمُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأَى رَغيفًا مُرَقَّقًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ بالله، ولا رأى شاةً سَميطًا بعَينِه قَطُّ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"بغريزة\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\nوالغزيرة هي كثيرة اللبن. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٨، ٣٦٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٤١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٧٧)، والترمذي (٢٤٧١)، وابن ماجه (٤١٤٤) من طريق هشام بنحوه. وتقدم في (١٢٠٦٥). وقال الترمذي: صحيح.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٦٧، ٦٤٥٨، ٦٤٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٩٧٢/ ٢٦، ٢٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣٥٥) من طريق هدبة به. وأحمد (١٣٦١٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٠٩، ٣٣٣٩) من طريق همام به. والسميط: المشوية. النهاية ٢/ ٤٠٠، ٤٠١.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٥٧).","vol":"13","page":494},{"text":"١٣٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الطّالْقانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن أبيه، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبي الفُرات، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: ما أكَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على مائدَةٍ قَطُّ، ولا أكَلَ خُبزَ رُقاقٍ قَطُّ، ولا اصطَبَغَ في سُكُرُّجَةٍ (^١) قَطُّ. قال: فقيلَ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، فعَلَى أيِّ شَئٍ كانوا يأكُلونَ؟ قال: على السُّفَرِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللهِ وغَيرِه عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَقَد كُنّا نُخرِجُ الكُراعَ بَعدَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ فنأكُلُه. فقُلتُ: ولِمَ تَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فضَحِكَت وقالَت: ما شَبعَ آلُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - مِن خُبزٍ مأدومٍ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ حَتَّى لَحِقَ باللهِ ﷿ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) السكرجة: كلمة فارسية تطلق على الإناء الصغير يؤكل فيه الشئ القليل من الأدم. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٨٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٢٥)، والترمذي (١٧٨٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٩٢) من طريق معاذ به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٣٨٦، ٥٤١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤٠)، والنسائي (٤٤٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٥٩، ٣٣١٣) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (١٥١١) من طريق عابس به. وسيأتي في (١٩٢٤٩).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٥٤٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٩٧٠/ ٢٣).","vol":"13","page":495},{"text":"١٣٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَقَد توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وما في بَيتِي شَئٌ يأكُلُه ذو كَبِدٍ إلَّا شَطْرُ شَعيرٍ في رَفٍّ لِي، فأَكَلتُ مِنه حَتَّى طالَ عليّ فكِلتُه ففَنِيَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بن شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، أخبرَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان فِراشُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أدَمٍ حَشوُه ليفٌ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١١٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٤٥) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٧٦٨)، والترمذي (٢٤٦٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٩٧، ٦٤٥١)، ومسلم (٢٩٧٣/ ٢٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٢٩١)، وفي الآداب (٧٨١)، وفي الدلائل ١/ ٣٤٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٥١)، وأبو داود (٤١٤٦، ٤١٤٧)، والترمذي (١٧٦١)، وابن ماجه (٤١٥١)، وابن حبان (٦٣٦١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٤٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٨٢).","vol":"13","page":496},{"text":"١٣٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ هو الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نُصِرتُ بالرُّعب، وأُعطيتُ جَوامِعَ الكَلِم، وبَينا أنا نائمٌ إذ جِيءَ بمَفاتيحِ خَزائنِ الأرضِ فوُضِعَت في يَدِي\". قال أبو هريرةَ: فقَد ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَنتُم تنتَثِلونَها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدٍ وحدَه (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"نُصِرتُ بالرُّعب، وأُعطيتُ الخَزائنَ، وخُيِّرْتُ بَينَ أن أبقَى حَتَّى أرَى ما يُفتَحُ على أُمَّتِي وبَينَ التَّعجيل، فاختَرتُ التَّعجيلَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن\n_________\n(^١) تنتثلونها: تستخرجون ما فيها وتتمتعون به. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٧٠، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٣٣)، وعنه أحمد (٧٦٣٢).\nوأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٨٩)، وابن حبان (٦٣٦٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢٣/ عقب ٦)، والبخارى (٢٩٧٧، ٧٠١٣، ٧٢٧٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٦٣، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٣٤).","vol":"13","page":497},{"text":"الأعرابِيّ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بن سَوّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن إسماعيلَ بنِ سالِمٍ الأسَدِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: إنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فخَيَّرَه بَينَ الدُّنيا والآخِرَة، فاختارَ الآخِرَةَ ولَم يُرِدِ الدُّنيا (^١).\n\n١٣٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: بُعِثَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَلَكٌ لَم يَعرِفْه فقالَ: إنَّ رَبَّكَ تَعالَى يُخَيِّرُكَ بَينَ أن تَكونَ نَبيًّا عبدًا أو نَبيًّا مَلِكًا. فأَشارَ إلَيه جِبريلُ ﵇: أن تَواضَعْ، قال: \"نَبيًّا عبدًا\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2921>بابُ: كان إذا رأَى شَيئًا يُعجِبُه قال: \"لَبَّيكَ إنَّ العَيشَ عَيشُ الآخِرَةِ</span>\"\n\n١٣٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدٌ الأعرَجُ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُظهِرُ مِنَ التَّلبيَةِ: \"لَبَّيكَ اللَّهمَّ لَبَّيكَ، لَبَّيكَ لا شَريكَ لكَ لَبَّيكَ، إنَّ الحَمدَ والنِّعمَةَ لَكَ والمُلكَ، لا شَريكَ لَكَ\". قال: حَتَّى إذا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ والنّاسُ يُصرَفونَ عنه كأَنَّه أعجَبَه ما هو فيه فزادَ فيها: \"لَبَّيكَ إنَّ العَيشَ عَيشُ الآخِرَةِ\".\n_________\n(^١) معجم ابن الأعرابى (٢٤٠٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٦٨) من طريق شبابة به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٥٢).","vol":"13","page":498},{"text":"قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وحَسِبتُ أنَّ ذَلِكَ يَومَ عَرَفَةَ (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ مَوصولًا مُختَصَرًا عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢). وهَذِه كَلِمَةٌ صَدَرَت مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أنعَمِ حالِه يَومَ حَجَّ بعَرَفَةَ، وفِي أشَدِّ حالِه يَومَ الخَندَقِ:\n\n١٣٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن المِقدامِ العِجلِيُّ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ يَعنِي ابنَ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو حازِمٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بن سَعدٍ - ﵁ - قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالخَندَقِ وهو يَحفِرُ ونَحنُ نَنقُلُ، فبَصُرَ بنا فقالَ: \"اللَّهمَّ لا عَيشَ إلَّا عَيشُ الآخِرَه فاغفِر لِلأنصارِ والمُهاجِرَه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ المِقدامِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2922>بابُ فضلِ عِلمِه على عِلمِ غَيرِه</span>\nقال أبو العباسِ (^٥) ﵀: كُلِّفَ وحدَه مِنَ العِلمِ ما كُلِّفَ النّاسُ بأَجمَعِهِم.\n\n١٣٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩١٠٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٩١٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٥٦) من طريق فضيل به. وسيأتي في (١٧٩٤٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٤١٤).\n(^٥) هو أحمد بن أبي أحمد الطبرى. تقدم في ص ٤٦١.","vol":"13","page":499},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"بَينا أنا نائمٌ إذ رأَيتُ قَدَحًا أُتيتُ به فيه لَبَنٌ، فشَرِبتُ مِنه حَتَّى إنِّي لأرَى الرِّيَّ يَجرِي في أظفارِي، ثُمّ أعطَيتُ فضلِي عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ\". قالوا: فما أوَّلتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"العِلمَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2923>بابُ ما رُوِيَ عنه في قَولِه: \"أمّا أنا فلا آكُلُ مُتَّكِئًا</span>\"\n\n١٣٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ وسَعيدُ بن عامِرٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيّ، عن عليِّ بنِ الأقمَر، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمّا أنا فلا آكُلُ مُتَّكِئًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ غَيلانُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المدخل (٣٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٧٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٥٥٥٤) من طريق يونس به. والترمذي (٢٢٨٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١٢٣) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٩١/ ١٦)، والبخارى (٩٦٨١، ٧٠٠٦).\n(^٣) الغيلانيات (٩٧١). وأخرجه الترمذي في الشمائل (١٣٤) من طريق يعقوب بن إسحاق الحضرمى به. وأحمد (١٨٧٦٦)، وأبو داود (٣٧٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٤٠) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذي (١٨٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٧٤٢) من طريق علي بن الأقمر به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٤٧٦٦).","vol":"13","page":500},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ ورَقبَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ الأقمَرِ بمِثلِه سَواءً (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن مَنصورٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ حَيوَةُ بن شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليد، عن الزُّبَيدِيّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣)، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ اللهَ ﷿ أرسَلَ إلَى نَبيِّه - ﷺ - مَلَكًا مِنَ المَلائكَةِ مَعَه جِبريلُ ﵇، فقالَ المَلَكُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ اللَّهَ يُخَيِّرُكَ بَينَ أن تَكونَ عبدًا نَبيًّا وبَينَ أن تَكونَ مَلِكًا نَبيًّا. فالتَفَتَ نَبِيُّ اللَّه - ﷺ - إلَى جِبريلَ كالمُستَشيرِ له، فأَشارَ جِبريلُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تَواضَعْ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَل أكون عبدًا نَبيًّا\". قال: فما أكَلَ بَعدَ تِلكَ الكَلِمَةِ طَعامًا مُتَّكِئًا حَتَّى لَقِيَ رَبَّه ﷿ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ١٣١ (٣٤٦) عن معاذ بن المثنى به. والبزار (٤٢١٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٧٤ من طريق أبي عوانة عن رقبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٩٩).\n(^٣) في ص ٧: \"الزبيرى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٣٣، ٣٣٤، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٦١، ٣٦٢. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٧١٠) من طريق بقية به.","vol":"13","page":501},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2924>بابُ ما رُوِيَ عنه مِن قَولِه: \"أُمِرتُ بالسِّواكِ حَتَّى خِفتُ أن يُدرِدَنِي </span>(^١) \"\n\n١٣٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُمَرَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما زالَ جِبريلُ يوصيني بالسِّواكِ حَتَّى خَشِيتُ على أضراسِي\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن أبي تُمَيلَةَ يَحيَى بنِ واضِحٍ، قال البخاريُّ ﵀: هَذا حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوّينا في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبي عامِرٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُمِرَ بالوُضوءِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ طاهِرًا أو غَيرَ طاهِرٍ، فلَمّا شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه أُمِرَ بالسِّواكِ لِكُلِّ صَلاةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٥٨ - وأَنبأَنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن يوسُفَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن عبد اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِب، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبد الله، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَقَد لَزِمتُ السِّواكَ حَتَّى تَخَوَّفتُ أن يُدرِدَنِي\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أي: يذهب بأسنانى، والدَّرَد: سقوط الأسنان. النهاية ٢/ ١١٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٥١ (٥١٠) من طريق أبي تميلة عن عبد المؤمن بن خالد به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٥٢٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٢/ ٩٩: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":502},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2925>بابٌ: كان لا يأكُلُ الثُّومَ والبَصَلَ والكُرّاثَ وقالَ: \"لَولا أنَّ المَلَكَ يأتينِي لأكَلتُه</span>\"\n\n١٣٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابن شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بن أبي رَباحٍ أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أكَلَ ثُومًا أو بَصَلًا فليَعتَزِلْنا - أو: ليَعتَزِلْ مَسجِدَنا - وليَقعُدْ في بَيتِه\". وإِنَّه أُتِيَ ببَدرٍ فيه خَضِراتٌ (^١) مِنَ البُقولِ فوَجَدَ لَها ريحًا فسأَلَ، فأُخبِرَ بما فيها مِنَ البُقولِ فقالَ: \"قَرِّبوها\". إلَى بَعضِ أصحابِه كان مَعَه، فلَمّا رآه كَرِهَ أكلَها قال: \"كُلْ، فإِنِّي أُناجِي مَن لا تُناجِي\". قال أحمدُ: ببَدرٍ، فسَّرَه ابنُ وهبٍ: طَبَقٌ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2926>بابٌ: كان لا يَنطِقُ عن الهَوَى، إن هو إلَّا وحيٌ يوحَى</span>\n\n١٣٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا عَطاءُ بن أبي رَباحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"خضروات\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٢٢). وتقدم في (٥١٢٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٣٥٩)، ومسلم (٥٦٤/ ٧٣).","vol":"13","page":503},{"text":"حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، أخبرَنِي صَفوانُ بن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ يَعلَى كان يقولُ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: لَيتَنِي أرَى رسولَ الله - ﷺ - حينَ يُنزَلُ عَلَيه. فلَمّا كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بالجِعْرانَةِ وعَلَيه ثَوبٌ قَد أُظِلَّ عَلَيه ومَعَه فيه ناسٌ مِن أصحابِه، إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ مُتَضَمِّخٌ بطيبٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ تَرَى في رَجُلٍ أحرَمَ في جُبَّةٍ بَعدَما تَضَمَّخَ بطيبٍ. فنَظَرَ إلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ساعَةً فجاءَه الوَحيُ، فأَشارَ عُمَرُ إلَى يَعلَى - ﵄ - بيَدِه أن تَعالَ، فجاءَه يَعلَى فأَدخَلَ رأسَه، فإِذا هو مُحمَرُّ الوَجهِ يَغِطُّ كَذَلِكَ ساعَةً ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عنه، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أينَ الَّذِي سأَلَنِي عن العُمرَةِ آنَفًا؟ \". فالتُمِسَ الرَّجُلُ فأُتِيَ به، فقالَ: \"أمّا الطِّيبُ الَّذِي بكَ فاغسِلْه ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، وأَمّا الجُبَّةُ فانزِعْها، ثُمَّ اصنَعْ في عُمرَتِكَ كما تَصنَعُ في حَجِّكِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وفِي حَديثِ هَمّامٍ عن أبيه: أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهو بالجِعْرانَةِ وعَلَيه جُبَّةٌ وعَلَيه أثَرُ خَلوقٍ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعناه، وفيه قال هَمّامٌ: أحسِبُه قال: كَغَطيطِ البَكرِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ، كُلُّهُم عن هَمّامٍ، قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ مُسَدَّدٌ: حدثنا يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٤٨)، والنسائي (٢٦٦٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٧٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وعند النسائي: عن صفوان بن يعلى بن أمية عن أبيه. وتقدم في (٩١٧٠، ٩١٧١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٧٨٩، ١٨٤٧، ٤٩٨٥)، ومسلم (١١٨٠/ ٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١١٨٠/ ٨).","vol":"13","page":504},{"text":"١٣٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بن محمدٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إسماعيلَ الطّالْقانِيُّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميد، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أيُّ البِقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"لا أدرِي\". فقالَ: أيُّ البِقاعِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"لا أدرِي\". قال: فأَتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ له: \"يا جِبريلُ أيُّ البِقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ \". قال: لا أدرِي. قال: \"أيُّ البِقاعِ شَرٌّ؟ \". قال: لا أدرِي. قال: \"سَلْ رَبَّكَ\". قال: فانتَفَضَ جِبريلُ ﵇ انتِفاضَةً كادَ يَصعَقُ مِنها محمدٌ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ما أسأَلُه عن شَئٍ. فقالَ اللهُ جَلَّ وعَلا لِجِبريلَ: سأَلَكَ محمدٌ: \"أيُّ البِقاعِ خَيرٌ؟ \" فقُلتَ: لا أدرِي. وسأَلَكَ: \"أيُّ البِقعِ شَرٌّ؟ \" فقُلتَ: لا أدرِي. فأَخبِرْه أنَّ خَيرَ البِقاعِ المَساجِدُ، وأَنَّ شَرَّ البِقاعِ الأسواقُ (^١). وفِي هَذا المَعنَى أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2927>بابُ ما نَهاه اللهُ ﷿ عنه بقَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ﴾ [المدثر: ٦]\n\n١٣٤٦٢ </span>- أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٠٤٩).","vol":"13","page":505},{"text":"زَكَريّا بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن الأوزاعِيّ، عن ابنِ عَطاءٍ - قال زَكَريّا: أُراه عُمَرَ - عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِبًا لِيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الروم: ٣٩] قال: هو الرِّبا الحَلالُ، أن يُهدِيَ يُريدُ أكثَرَ مِنه فلا أجرَ فيه ولا وِزرَ، ونُهِيَ عنه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً: ﴿وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بن سابُورَ، عن عَطيَّةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ ﴿وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ﴾ قال: لا تُعطِ رَجُلًا ليُعطيَكَ أكثَرَ مِنه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2928>بابُ ما كان مُطالَبًا برُؤيَةِ مُشاهَدَةِ الحَقِّ مَعَ مُعاشَرَةِ النّاسِ بالنَّفسِ والكَلامِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ الأنصارِيَّ - كان يَسكُنُ دِمَشقَ - أخبَرَه أنَّ المَلَكَ جاءَ (^٣) رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: اقرأْ. قال: فقُلتُ: \"ما أنا بقارِئٍ، ثُمَّ عادَ إلَى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَنِي فقالَ: اقرأْ. فقُلتُ: ما أنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٨/ ٥٠٧، ٥٠٨ من طريق قتادة عن ابن عباس بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٦٧٢) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٧/ ١٣١: وفي إسناد الطبراني عطية العوفى، وهو ضعيف\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"إلى\".","vol":"13","page":506},{"text":"بقارِئٍ، فعادَ إلَى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَنِي فقالَ: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (١) خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ﴾ [العلق: ١، ٢]. قال محمدُ بن النُّعمانِ: فرَجَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فسَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - زَوجُ (^١) النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: فرَجَعَ إلَى خَديجَةَ - ﵂ - يَرجُفُ فُؤادُه، فقالَ: \"زَمِّلونِي زَمِّلونِي\". فزُمِّلَ، فلَمّا سُرِّيَ عنه قال لِخَديجَةَ: \"لَقَد أشفَقتُ على نَفسِي، [لَقَد أشفَقْتُ على نفسى] (^٢) \". قالَت خَديجَةُ - ﵂ -: أبشِرْ، فواللهِ لا يُخزيكَ اللهُ أبَدًا؛ إنَّكَ لَتَصدُقُ الحديثَ، وتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، انطَلَقْ بنا. فانطَلَقَت خَديجَةُ - ﵂ - إلَى ورَقَةَ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، وكانَ رَجُلًا قَد تَنَصَّرَ، شَيخًا أعمَى يَقرأُ الإنجيلَ بالعَرَبيَّة، فقالَت له خَديجَةُ - ﵂ -: أىِ ابنَ عَمِّ (^٣) اسمَعْ مِنِ ابنِ أخيكَ. فقالَ له ورَقَةُ: ماذا تَرَى؟ فأَخبَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالَّذِي رأَى مِن ذَلِكَ. فقالَ له ورَقَةُ: هَذا النّاموسُ الَّذِي أنزَلَه اللهُ على موسَى ﵇، يا لَيتَنِي أكونُ حينَ يُخرِجُكَ قَومُكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوَمُخرِجِيَّ هُم؟ \". قال: نَعَم، لَم يأتِ رَجُلٌ بمِثلِ ما جِئتَ به إلَّا عودِيَ، وإِن يُدرِكْنِي يَومُكَ أنصُرْكَ نَصرًا مُؤَزَّرًا (^٤).\n\n١٣٤٦٥ - وبِهَذا الإسناد، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلَمةَ بنَ عبد الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي جابِرُ بن عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ - ﵄ - أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ثُمَّ فتَرَ الوَحيُ عَنِّي، فبَينَما أنا أمشِي سَمِعتُ صَوتًا مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"دفع\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يا ابن أخى\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٥٩)، وابن حبان (٣٣) من طريق الزهري عن عروة مطولًا.","vol":"13","page":507},{"text":"السَّماء، فرَفَعتُ بَصرِي قِبَلَ السَّماءِ فإِذا المَلَكُ الَّذِي كان يَجيئُنِي قاعِدٌ على كُرسِيٍّ بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرض، فجُئثتُ (^١) مِنه فرَقًا (^٢) حَتَّى هَوَيتُ إلَى الأرض، فجِئتُ إلَى أهلِي فقُلتُ لَهُم: [زَمِّلونِي. فزَمَّلونى] (^٣). فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ (١) قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ (٢) وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ (٣) وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ (٤) وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ﴾. قال أبو سلَمةَ: الرُّجزُ الأوثانُ. قال: \"ثُمَّ جاءَ الوَحيُ بَعدُ وتَتابَعَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ بالإسنادَينِ جَميعًا دونَ كَلامِ محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٦٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلَمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلَمُ لَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا ولَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا\" (^٦).\n\n١٣٤٦٧ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ الغِفارِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) أي: فزعت ورعبت. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٣٣. وفي الأصل: \"فجثثت\". وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\". وهما روايتان كما ذكر النووي في شرح مسلم ٢/ ٢٠٦، وينظر فتح البارى ٨/ ٧٢٢.\n(^٢) في م: \"فزعًا\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٧: \"زملونى زملونى\"، وفي م: \"زملونى فزملوه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٨٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٣١) من طريق الليث به. والترمذي (٣٣٢٥) من طريق الزهري به مختصرًا. وعندهم: ثم حَمِيَ الوحى.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣، ٤)، ومسلم (١٦٠/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٨٢) عن وكيع به.","vol":"13","page":508},{"text":"موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن موَرِّقٍ العِجلِيّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعالَى عنه قال: قرأَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ حِينٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْئًا مَذْكُورًا﴾ حَتَّى خَتَمَها ثُمَّ قال: \"إنِّي أرَى (^١) ما لا تَرَونَ، وأَسمَعُ ما لا تَسمَعونَ، أطَّتِ السَّماءُ وحُقَّ لَها أن تَئطَّ؛ ما فيها [قَدرُ مَوضِعِ إصبع] (^٢) إلَّا مَلَكٌ واضِعٌ جَبهَتَه ساجِدًا لله، واللهِ لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلَمُ لَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا ولَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا، وما تَلَذَّذتُم بالنِّساءِ على الفُرُش، ولَخَرَجتُم إلَى الصُّعُداتِ تَجأَرونَ إلَى اللهِ تَعالَى\". واللهِ لَوَدِدتُ أنِّي شَجَرَةٌ تُعضَدُ. فقالَ: إنَّ قَولَه: واللهِ لَوَدَدتُ أنِّي شَجَرَةٌ تُعضَدُ. مِن قَولِ أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ - ﵁ -: أكُنتَ تُجالِسُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم كَثيرًا، كان لا يَقومُ مِن مُصَلَّاه الَّذِي يُصَلِّي فيه حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، فإِذا طَلَعَت قامَ، وكانوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ فيأخُذونَ في أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ فيَضحَكونَ ويَتَبَسَّمُ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لأرى\".\n(^٢) في ص ٧: \"موضع أربع أصابع\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه أربع أصابع\". اهـ. أي بدل قوله: \"إصبع\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥١٠ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٩٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (٢١٥١٦)، والترمذي (٢٣١٢) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٢٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٤٤)، وأبو داود (١٢٩٤)، والنسائي (١٣٥٧)، وابن حبان (٦٢٥٩) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"13","page":509},{"text":"يحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^١).\n\n١٣٤٦٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ وقَيسٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ: أكُنتَ تُجالِسُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: كان طَويلَ الصَّمت، قَليلَ الضَّحِك، وكانَ أصحابُه رُبَّما تَناشَدوا عِندَه الشِّعرَ والشَّئَ مِن أُمورِهِم فيَضحَكونَ ورُبَّما تَبَسَّمَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي الوَليد، أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ خارِجَةَ (^٣) أخبَرَه عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّ نَفَرًا دَخَلوا على أبيه زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ - ﵁ - فقالوا: حَدِّثنا عن بَعضِ أخلاقِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: كُنتُ جارَه، فكانَ إذا نَزَلَ الوَحيُ بَعَثَ إلَيَّ فأَتَيتُه فأَكتُبُ الوَحىَ، وكُنّا إذا ذَكَرنا الدُّنيا ذَكَرَها معنا، وإِذا ذَكَرنا الآخِرَةَ ذَكَرَها معنا، وإِذا ذَكَرنا الطَّعامَ ذَكَرَه معنا، أوَكُلَّ هَذا نُحَدِّثُكُم عَنه؟! (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣٢٢/ ٦٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣٢٣، والطيالسى (٨٠٨)، وعنه أحمد (٢٠٨١٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٨٥٠)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨١) من طريق شريك به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"خالد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٣٦٥، والترمذي في الشمائل (٣٢٨)، وابن أبي عاصم في الزهد (٢٢٤)، والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٩٥٥ - بغية) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. والطبرانى (٤٨٨٢) من طريق الليث به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ١٧: وإسناده حسن.","vol":"13","page":510},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2929>بابٌ: كان يُغانُ (^١) على قَلبِه فيَستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ ويَتوبُ إلَيه في اليَومِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ</span>\n\n١٣٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أحمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الثَقَفِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ قال: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن الأغَرِّ المُزَنِيِّ - ﵁ - وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه لَيُغانُ على قَلبِي، وإِنِّي لأستَغفِرُ اللهَ في اليَومِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2930>بابٌ: كان يُؤخَذُ عن الدُّنيا عِندَ تَلَقِّي الوَحى، وهو مُطالَبٌ بأَحكامِها عِندَ الأخذِ عَنها</span>\n\n١٣٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ الحارِثَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) الغين: ما يتغشى القلب. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٣٨. وينظر فتح البارى ١١/ ١٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٤٩، ١٨٢٩١)، وأبو داود (١٥١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢٧٦)، وابن حبان (٩٣١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٠٢/ ٤١).","vol":"13","page":511},{"text":"هِشام - ﵁ - سأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيفَ يأتيكَ الوَحيُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحيانًا يأتينِي مِثلَ صَلصَلَةِ الجَرَسِ وهو أشَدُّه عليّ، فيُفصَمُ عَنِّي وقَد وعَيتُ ما قال المَلَكُ، وأَحيانًا يَتَمَثَّلُ لِيَ المَلَكُ رَجُلًا فيُعَلِّمُنِي فأَعِي ما يقولُ\". قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: ولَقَد رأَيتُه يَنزِلُ عَلَيه الوَحيُ في اليَومِ الشَّديدِ البَردِ فيُفصَمُ عنه وإِنَّ جَبينَه لَيَتَفَصَّدُ عَرَقًا. قال القَعنَبِيُّ: \"فيُكَلِّمُنِي\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبد اللهِ الرَّقاشِيّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ - وكانَ عَقَبيًّا بَدريًّا أحَدَ نُقَباءِ الأنصارِ - أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا نَزَلَ عَلَيه الوَحيُ كُرِبَ لِذَلِكَ وتَرَبَّدَ (^٣) له وجهُه (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٣٧)، ومالك ١/ ٢٠٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦١٩٨)، والترمذي (٣٦٣٤)، والنسائي (٩٣٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢)، ومسلم (٢٣٣٣/ ٨٧).\n(^٣) تربد: أي تغير وصار لونه كلون الرماد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧١٥، ٢٢٧٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٣، ٧٩٨٠)، وابن حبان (٤٤٤٣) من طريق سعيد به. وسيأتي في (١٦٩٩٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٩٠/ ١٣)، (٢٣٣٤).","vol":"13","page":512},{"text":"١٣٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ وسُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلَمةَ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بن أبي عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ومَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ يُناجيه، فكانَ كالمُعرِضِ عن أبي فخَرَجنا مِن عِندِه، فقالَ لِي: ألَم تَرَ إلَى ابنِ عَمِّكَ كان كالمُعرِضِ عَنِّي؟ فقُلتُ له: يا أبَت كان عِندَه رَجُلٌ يُناجيهِ. قال: وكانَ أحَدٌ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. فرَجَعنا فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله إنِّي قُلتُ لِعبدِ اللهِ كَذا وكَذا، فقالَ لِي كَذا وكَذا، فهَل كان عِندَكَ أحَدٌ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم، رأَيتَه (^١) يا عبدَ اللهِ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"ذاكَ جِبريلُ ﵇ هو الَّذِي شَغَلَنِي عَنكَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2931>بابٌ: كان لا يُصَلِّي على مَن عَلَيه دَينٌ ثُمَّ نُسِخَ</span>\n\n١٣٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - كان يُؤتَى بالرَّجُلِ المُتَوَفَّى عَلَيه الدَّينُ فيَسأَلُ: \"هَل تَرَكَ لِدَينِه مِن قَضاءٍ؟ \". فإِن حُدِّثَ أنَّه تَرَكَ وفاءً صَلَّى عَلَيه وإِلَّا قال لِلمُسلِمينَ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"هل رأيته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٧١٢) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٢٦٧٩، ٢٨٤٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٢٧٦: رواه أحمد والطبرانى بأسانيد ورجالها رجال الصحيح.","vol":"13","page":513},{"text":"\"صَلُّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". فلَمّا فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيه الفُتوحَ، قامَ فقالَ: \"أنا أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم، فمَن توُفِّيَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فتَرَكَ دَينًا فعَلَيَّ قَضاؤُه، ومَن تَرَكَ مالًا فهو لِوَرَثَتِه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2932>بابٌ: كان لا يَجوزُ له أن يُبَدِّلَ مِن أزواجِه أحَدًا ثُمَّ نُسِخَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: أنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎ عَلَيه ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ (^٣) لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٢]. قال بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ: نَزَلَت عَلَيه بَعدَ تَخييرِه أزواجَه (^٤).\n\n١٣٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن موسَى بنِ الفَضل، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ الهَمْدانِيّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: نَزَلَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَتَينِ [الأحزاب: ٢٨، ٢٩]، فخَيَّرَهُنَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فاختَرنَ اللهَ ورسولَه والدّارَ الآخِرَةَ، فشَكَرَ اللهُ لَهُنَّ ذَلِكَ وأَنزَلَ عَلَيه ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ (٣) لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٤٨)، والترمذي (١٠٧٠) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (١٣٤٢٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٩٨، ٥٣٧١)، ومسلم (١٦١٩/ ...).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٧: \"تحل\". وهى قراءة أبي عمرو ويعقوب البصريين. ينظر النشر في القراءات العشر ٢/ ٢٦١.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٤٠.","vol":"13","page":514},{"text":"مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٣٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا حاجِبُ [بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن سَيّارٍ] (^٢)، حدثنا عارِمُ بن الفَضل، عن أبي هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَّسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لما خَيَّرَهُنَّ (^٣) [اختَرنَ اللهَ ورسولَه] (^٤)، فقَصَرَه عَلَيهِنَّ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ (^٥) لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ﴾ (^٦).\n\n١٣٤٧٨ - حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بن محمدٍ الفَقيهُ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أُحِلَّ له النِّساءُ (^٧).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: كأَنَّها تَعنِي اللَّاتِي حُظِرنَ عَلَيه في قَولِه: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ (٥) لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ﴾ قال: وأَحسِبُ قَولَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - أُحِلَّ له النِّساءُ. بقَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ﴾ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) سيرة ابن إسحاق (٤٠٥ - زيادات يونس بن بكير).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أخبرنا أبو بكر بن إسحاق بن يسار\".\n(^٣) في م: \"خيرهنَّ الله\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"والدار الآخرة\".\n(^٥) في س: \"تحل\"، وهى قراءة أبي عمرو البصرى ويعقوب. النشر ٢/ ٢٦١.\n(^٦) ذكره السيوطى في الدر المنثور ١٢/ ١٠١، وعزاه لأبى داود في ناسخه وابن مردويه والمصنف.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٣٧)، والترمذي (٣٢١٦)، والنسائي (٣٢٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"13","page":515},{"text":"قَولِه: ﴿خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٥٠].\n\n١٣٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن عِصمَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُعَدِّلُ (^٢)، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ (^٤) لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ﴾ قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فحَدَّثَنِي عَطاءٌ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أحَلَّ اللهُ له أن يَتَزَوَّجَ (^٥).\nوإِنَّما (^٦) أُحِلَّ له مِنَ اللَّاتِي هاجَرنَ مَعَه، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في الآيَةِ والخَبرِ.\n\n١٣٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن السُّدِّيّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ قالَت: خَطَبَنِي النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فاعتَذَرتُ إلَيه فعَذَرَنِي، وأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿اللَّاتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ﴾\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"العدل\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وهب\".\n(^٤) في س: \"تحل\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٣٧ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٦٧)، والنسائي (٣٢٠٥) من طريق وهيب به. وابن حبان (٦٣٦٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: وإنما\".","vol":"13","page":516},{"text":"قالَت: فلَم أكُنْ أحِلُّ له؛ لَم أُهاجِرْ مَعَه، كُنتُ مِنَ الطُّلَقاءِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2933>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما خُصَّ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - دونَ غَيِره، مِمّا أُبيحَ له وحُظِرَ على غَيِرهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2934>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ النِّساءِ أكثَرُ مِن أربَعٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ فأُحِلَّ له مَعَ أزواجِه، وكُنَّ ذَواتِ عَدَدٍ، مَن لَيسَ له بزَوجٍ يَومَ أُحِلَّ له، مِن بَناتِ عَمِّه، وبَناتِ عَمّاتِه، وبَناتِ خالِه، وبَناتِ خالاتِه، اللَّاتِي هاجَرنَ مَعَه.\n\n١٣٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى ومحمدُ بن بَشّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بني إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، قالوا: حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أنَسٌ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدورُ على نِسائِه مِنَ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ في السّاعَةِ وهُنَّ إحدَى عَشْرَةَ. قُلتُ لأنَسٍ: هَل كان يُطيقُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: كُنّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّه أُعطِيَ قوَّةَ ثَلاثينَ. هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، وبِمَعناه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٥، وصححه، وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٢١٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وقال: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦١٩: أبو صالح باذام متكلم فيه.","vol":"13","page":517},{"text":"حَديثُ ابنِ بَشّارٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى: قوَّةَ أربَعينَ. وقالَ: عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -.\nوقالَ: في السّاعَةِ مِنَ اللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، وقالَ: قوَّةَ ثَلاثينَ. قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ سعيدٌ عن قَتادَةَ: إنَّ أنَسًا حَدَّثَهُم: تِسعُ نِسوَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ وأبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - ﵁ - حَدَّثَهُم أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَطوفُ على نِسائِه في اللَّيلَةِ الواحِدَةِ ولَه يَومَئذٍ تِسعُ نِسوَةٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِن كِتابِه عن عبد الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣١٧٦) عن أبي موسى به. وابن حبان (١٢٠٨) من طريق محمد بن بشار به.\nوأحمد (١٤١٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٠٣٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣١) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٩٨)، وابن حبان (١٢٠٩) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (١٢٧٠١) من طريق سعيد به، وليس فيه ذكر عدد نسائه. وسيأتي في (١٤٢٠٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٤).","vol":"13","page":518},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2935>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ المَوهوبَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠].\n\n١٣٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بن أبي مُزاحِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بن أبي مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: التي وهَبَت نَفسَها لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خَولَةُ بنتُ حَكيمٍ (^١). أشارَ البخاريُّ ﵀ إلَى هذه الرِّوايَةِ وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ عن هِشامٍ عن أبيه قال: كانَت خَولَةُ ﵂ - مِنَ اللَّاتِي وهَبنَ أنفُسَهُنَّ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ هذه اللَّفظَةَ مِن قَولِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنتُ أغارُ على اللَّاتِي وهَبنَ أنفُسَهُنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٧٢٨)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٦٣٣) من طريق ابن أبي مزاحم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١١٣).","vol":"13","page":519},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَقولُ: أتَهَبُ المَرأَة نَفسَها؟! فلَمّا أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿تُرْجِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ﴾ فقُلتُ: واللهِ ما أُرَى رَبَّكَ إلَّا يُسارعُ لَكَ في هَواكَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن زَكَريّا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: وهَبنَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نِساءٌ أنفُسَهنَّ، فدَخَلَ ببَعضِهِنَّ وأَرجأ بَعضَهُنَّ ولَم يَقرَبْهُنَّ حَتَّى توُفِّيَ ولَم يَنكِحْنَ بَعدَه، مِنهُنَّ أُمُّ شَريكٍ، فذَلِكَ قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿تُرْجِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَمَنِ ابْتَغَيْتَ مِمَّنْ عَزَلْتَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكَ﴾ (^٣). كَذا قال الشَّعبِيُّ.\n\n١٣٤٨٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ الأزهَر، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَم يَكُنْ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٩٩)، وابن حبان (٦٣٦٧) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٢٦، ٢٥٢٥١، ٢٦٢٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٨٨)، ومسلم (١٤٦٤/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨٧، وسيرة ابن إسحاق (٤٠١ - زيادات يونس بن بكير). وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ١٥٤، ١٥٥ من طريق ابن أبي زائدة به.","vol":"13","page":520},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - امرأَةٌ وهَبَت نَفسَها له (^١).\nفعَلَى هَذا، إن صَحَّ إسنادُه، كأَنَّه - ﷺ - أرجأهُنَّ ولَم يَقبَلْهُنَّ وإِن كانَت حَلالًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُويُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ قال: بُشِّرَ رَجُلٌ بجاريَةٍ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: هَبْها لِي. فقالَ: هِيَ لَكَ. فسُئلَ عَنها سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: لا تَحِلُّ الهِبَةُ بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ولَو أصدَقَها سَوطًا حَلَّت (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2936>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ النِّكاحِ بغَيِر ولِيٍّ وغَيِر شاهِدَينِ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بجَوازِ المَوهوبَةِ:\n\n١٣٤٨٨ - وبِما أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بن الحَسَنِ ومحمدُ بن غالِبٍ ومحمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ بَطحاءَ قالوا: حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلَمةَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: وقَعَ في سَهمِ دِحيَةَ جاريَةٌ، فقيلَ:\n_________\n(^١) سيرة ابن إسحاق (٤٠٤ - زيادات يونس بن بكير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٩/ ١٣٤، ١٣٥، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٦٠٦٦)، والطبرانى (١١٧٨٧) من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٢٥٢: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٤٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٤٩٢) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"محمد بن\".","vol":"13","page":521},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّه وقَعَت في سَهمِ دِحيَةَ جاريَةٌ جَميلَةٌ. قال: فاشتَراها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَبعَةِ أَرؤُسٍ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَها إلَى أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ تَصنَعُها وتُهَيِّئُها. قال: وأَحسِبُه قال: تَعتَدُّ في بَيتِها، وهِيَ صَفيَّةُ بنتُ حُيَيٍّ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وليمَتَها التَّمرَ والأقِطَ والسَّمنَ. قال: فُحِصَتِ الأرضُ أفاحيصَ (^١)، وجِيءَ بالأنطاعِ فوُضِعَت فيها، ثُمَّ جِيءَ بالأقِطِ والسَّمن، فشَبعَ النّاسُ. قال: وقَد قال الناسُ: لا نَدرِي أتَزَوَّجَها أمِ اتَّخَذَها أُمَّ ولَدٍ؟ قال: فقالوا: إن حَجَبَها فهِيَ امرأَتُه، وإِن لَم يَحجُبْها فهِيَ أُمُّ ولَدٍ. فلَمّا أرادَ أن يَركَبَ حَجَبَها حَتَّى قَعَدَت على عَجُزِ البَعير، فعَرَفوا أنَّه قَد تَزَوَّجَها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ الأصبَهانِيّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي هارونَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِيٍّ وشُهودٍ ومَهرٍ، إلَّا ما كان للنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أي: كشف التراب من أعلاها وحفرت شيئًا يسيرًا، ليجعل الأنطاع في المحفور، ويصب فيها السمن فيثبت ولا يخرج من جوانبها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٩/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٦٢١، ١٢٨٨٤).\n(^٣) مسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٥ (١٣٦٥/ ٨٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٢٠ - ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق (١٧٢٢) - من طريق ابن الأصبهانى به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٢١: أبو هارون واه.","vol":"13","page":522},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2937>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له بتَزويجِ الله، وإِذا جازَ ذَلِكَ جازَ أن يَعقِدَ على امرأَةٍ بغَيِر استِئمارِها</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن المُغيرَة، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: لما انقَضَت عِدَّةُ زَينَبَ - ﵂ - قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِزَيدٍ: \"اذهَبْ إلَيها فاذكُرْها عليّ\". قال زَيدٌ: فانطَلَقتُ فلَمّا رأَيتُها وجَدتُها تُخَمِّرُ عَجينَتَها، فلَم أستَطِعْ أن أنظُرَ إلَيها مِن عِظَمِها في صَدرِي حينَ عَرَفتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - يَذكُرُها، فقُلتُ: إنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يَذكُرُكِ. قالَت: ما أنا بصانِعَةٍ شَيئًا حَتَّى أُؤامِرَ رَبِّي. فقامَت إلَى مَسجِدِها ونَزَلَ القُرآنُ، وجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيها بغَيرِ إذنٍ. قال: قال أنَسٌ - ﵁ -: فلَقَد رأَيتُنا أطعَمَنا عَلَيها الخُبزَ واللَّحمَ حَتَّى امتَدَّ (^١) النَّهارُ، فخَرَجَ النّاسُ وبَقِيَ رِجالٌ يَتَحَدَّثونَ في البَيتِ بَعدَ الطَّعامِ. قال أنَسٌ - ﵁ -: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - واتَّبَعتُه، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتبَعُ حُجَرَ نِسائِه ويُسَلِّمُ عَلَيهِنَّ فيَقُلنَ: يا رسولَ الله كَيفَ وجَدتَ أهلَكَ؟ قال: فما أدرِي أنا أخبَرتُه أنَّ القَومَ قَد خَرَجوا أو أُخبِرَ، فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى أتَى البَيتَ فدَخَلَ، فذَهَبتُ أدخُلُ مَعَه فأَلقَى السِّترَ بَينِي وبَينَه ونَزَلَ الحِجابُ ووُعِظَ القَومُ بما وُعِظوا، فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿إِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"اشتد\".","vol":"13","page":523},{"text":"ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٥٣]. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ زَيدُ بن حارِثَةَ - ﵁ - يَشكو زَينَبَ - ﵂ -، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اتَّقِ اللهَ وأَمسِكْ عَلَيكَ زَوجَكَ\". قال أنَسٌ: فلَو كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كاتِمًا شَيئًا لَكَتَمَ هذه. قال: فكانَت تَفتَخِرُ على أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: زَوَّجَكُنَّ أهاليكُنَّ، وزَوَّجَنِي اللهُ ﷿ مِن فوقِ سَبعِ سَماواتٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٢٥)، والنسائي (٣٢٥١) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٨٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٦٥. وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٢١٢، ٣٢١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٠٧)، وابن حبان (٧٠٤٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسيأتي في (١٤٠٣٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٤٢٠).","vol":"13","page":524},{"text":"أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بن طَهمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا - ﵁ - يقولُ: كانَت زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ - ﵂ - تَفتخِرُ على أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَقولُ: إنَّ اللهَ أنكَحَنِي مِنَ السَّماءِ. وفيها نَزَلَت آيَةُ الحِجابِ. قال: فقَعَدَ القَومُ في بَيتِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ جاءَ فخَرَجَ فجاءَ والقَومُ كما هُم، فرُئىَ ذَلِكَ في وجهِه، فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الحِجابِ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٥٣]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى عن عيسَى بنِ طَهمانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2938>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِن تَزويجِ المَرأَةِ مِن غَيِر استِئمارِها، وإِذا جازَ ذَلِكَ جازَ مِن غَيِر استِئمارِ وليِّها، وجَعَلَه اللهُ ﷿ أولَى بالمُؤمِنيَن مِن أنفُسِهِم</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ امرأَةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فعَرَضَت نَفسَها عَلَيه، فقالَ: \"ما لِي بالنِّساءِ مِن حاجَةٍ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ الله زَوِّجْنيها. قال: \"ما عِندَكَ؟ \". قال: ما عِندِي مِن شَئٍ. قال: \"ما عِندَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٢٥٢) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (١٣٣٦١) من طريق عيسى بن طهمان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٤٢١).","vol":"13","page":525},{"text":"كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"قَد مَلَّكتُكَها بما عِندَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ (^٢)، ورَواه عن عمرِو بنِ عَونٍ عن حَمّادٍ قال: \"فقَد زَوَّجتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قال مُسَدَّدٌ وغَيرُه عن حَمّادٍ (^٤)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِن مُؤمِنٍ إلَّا وأَنا أولَى به في الدُّنيا والآخِرَة، اقرَءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ فمَن تَرَكَ مالًا فلِمَواليه، ومَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا أو ضَياعًا فأَنا وليُّه\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبي عامِرٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٤٧)، والطبرانى (٥٩٣٤) من طريق حماد به. وسيأتي في (١٣٩٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٤١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٢٩).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٣٩٣٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٧).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤١٨) عن أبي عامر به بنحوه.\n(^٧) البخاري (٢٣٩٩).","vol":"13","page":526},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2939>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ النِّكاحِ في الإِحرامِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ، عن أبي الشَّعثاء، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه - ﷺ - نَكَحَ وهو مُحرِمٌ. قال عمرٌو: فحَدَّثتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ حَديثَ أبي الشَّعثاءِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن الأصَمِّ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَكَحَ وهو غَيرُ مُحرِمٍ (^١).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ عن سُفيانَ دونَ حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، أي حَديثَ ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢).\nويَزيدُ بن الأصَمِّ قَد رَواه عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِث، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَها وهو حَلالٌ (^٣).\nفالرِّوايَةُ مُختَلِفَةٌ في نِكاحِه - ﷺ - وهو مُحرِمٌ، فإِن صَحَّ أنَّه نَكَحَ وهو مُحرِمٌ وقَد قال: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ ولا يُنكِحُ\" (^٤). فحينَئذٍ يُتَصَوَّرُ التَّخصيصُ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٢٣١) من طريق سفيان.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١١٤)، ومسلم (١٤١٠/ ٤٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٢٣٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٢٢٢ - ٩٢٣٠)، وسيأتي في (١٤٣١٤ - ١٤٣١٦).","vol":"13","page":527},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2940>بابُ ما رُوِيَ مِن أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ صَفيَّةَ وجَعَلَ عِتقَها صَداقَها</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الفِرْيابِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ وشُعَيبِ بنِ الحَبْحاب، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أعتَقَ صَفيَّةَ وجَعَلَ عِتقَها صَداقَها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - أعتَقَ صَفيَّةَ وتَزَوَّجَها. فسأَلتُ ثابِتًا: ما أصدَقَها؟ قال: نَفسَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2941>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِن سَهمِ الصَّفِيِّ</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ قال: سَمِعتُ يَزيدَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يَعنِي ابنَ الشِّخِّيرِ قال: كُنّا بالمِربَدِ فجاءَ رَجُلٌ أشعَثُ الرأسِ بيَدِه قِطعَةُ أديمٍ أحمَرَ، فقُلنا: كأَنَّكَ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ؟ قال: أجَل. قُلنا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٣٤٢) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٣٥٠٦، ١٣٥٤٥)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. زاد أحمد في الإسناد: عبد العزيز بن صهيب. وسيأتي في (١٨٠٣٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٨٦)، ومسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٣٣) عن إسماعيل ابن علية.","vol":"13","page":528},{"text":"ناوِلْنا هذه القِطعَةَ الأديمَ. فناوَلَناها فقَرأنا ما فيها، فإِذا فيها: \"مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ إلَى بَنِي زُهَيرِ بنِ أُقَيشٍ، إنَّكُم إن شَهِدتُم أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ الله، وأَقَمتُمُ الصَّلاةَ، وآتَيتُمُ الزَّكاةَ، وأَدَّيتُمُ الخُمُسَ مِنَ المَغنَمِ وسَهمَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وسَهمَ الصَّفِيِّ؛ أنتُم آمِنونَ بأَمانِ اللهِ ورسولِه\". فقُلنا: مَن كَتَبَ لَكَ هَذا؟ قال: رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2942>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِن أربَعَةِ أخماسِ الفَئِ وخُمُسِ خُمُسِ الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ قال: أرسَلَ إلَيَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فدَعانِي فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه وهو على رِمالٍ فقالَ: يا مالِ إنَّه قَد نَزَلَ عَلَينا دَوافُّ مِن قَومِك، فخُذْ هَذا المالَ فاقسِمْه بَينَهُم. فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ولِّ ذَلِكَ غَيرِي. فقالَ: خُذْها عَنكَ أيُّها الرَّجُلُ. فجَلَستُ فجاءَ يَرفا فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في عبد الرَّحمَنِ وطَلحَةَ والزُّبَيرِ وسَعدٍ؟ قال: قُل لَهُم فليَدخُلوا. فدَخَلوا، قال: هَل لَكَ في عليٍّ وعباسٍ؟ قال: قُل لَهُما فليَدخُلا. فدَخَلا، وكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما يُكَلِّمُ صاحِبَه، فلَمّا جَلَسوا قالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ اقضِ بَينَهُما وأَرِحْهُما. قال: أنشُدُكُما اللهَ الَّذِي بإِذنِه تَقومُ السَّمَواتُ والأرضُ، هَل عَلِمتُما أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٩٩). وتقدم في (١٢٨٧٧) من طريق قرة به.","vol":"13","page":529},{"text":"رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّا لا نورَثُ، ما تَرَكناه صَدَقَةٌ\"؟ يَعنِي فقالا: نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال ذَلِكَ لِلآخَرينَ، فقالَ القَومُ: نَعَم. قال: وقالَ: إنَّ أموالَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ كانَت مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه مِمّا لَم يوجِفِ المُسلِمونَ عَلَيه بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ، فكانَت لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - خالِصَةً، يُنفِقُ مِنها على أهلِه نَفَقَةَ سنةٍ، وما بَقِيَ جَعَلَه في الكُراعِ والسِّلاحِ عُدَّةً في سَبيلِ الله، ثُمَّ هِيَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خاصَّةً (^١). أخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بن عيسَى، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: كان فيما احتَجَّ به عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن قال: كانَت لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثلاثُ صَفايا؛ بَنو النَّضيرِ وخَيبَرُ وفَدَكٌ، فأَمّا بَنو النَّضيرِ فكانَت حُبسًا لِنَوائبِه، وأَمّا فدَكٌ فكانَت حُبسًا لابنِ السَّبيل، وأَمّا خَيبَرُ فجَزّأَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ؛ جُزءَينِ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ وجُزءًا لِنَفَقَةِ أهلِه، فما فضَلَ عن نَفَقَةِ أهلِه جَعَلَه بَينَ فُقَراءِ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأَمّا الخُمُسُ فالآيَةُ ناطِقَةٌ به مَعَ ما رُوِّينا في كِتابِ قَسمِ الفَئ، واللهُ تَعالَى أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦ مختصرًا. وتقدم في (١٢٨٥٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٠٤، ٤٨٨٥)، ومسلم (١٧٥٧/ ٤٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٩٦٧). وأخرجه البزار في مسنده (٢٥٦) من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به. وعندهما: فقراء المهاجرين. وتقدم في (١٢٨٥١).","vol":"13","page":530},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2943>بابٌ: الحِمَى له خاصَّةً في أحَدِ القَولَينِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ الصَّعبَ بنَ جَثّامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ورسولِه\". قال: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - حَمَى النَّقيعَ وأَنَّ عُمَرَ حَمَى الشَّرَفَ والرَّبَذَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2944>بابٌ: دَوامُ الحِمَى له خاصٌّ</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الحَجِّ مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا في حِمَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه لا يُخبطُ ولا يُعضَدُ، ولَكِن يُهَشُّ هَشًّا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2945>بابُ دُخولِ الحَرَمِ بغَيِر إحرامٍ والقَتلِ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِيُّ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن أبي دارِمٍ الحافظُ بالكوفَة، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٩٢٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٧٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٠٧١، ١٠٠٧٢).","vol":"13","page":531},{"text":"موسَى بن هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِيُّ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ الله دَخَلَ يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ وعَلَيه عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ بغَيرِ إحرامٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشِّيرازِيُّ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ ابنُ شِهابٍ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مَكَّةَ وعَلَى رأسِه مِغفَرٌ، فلَمّا نَزَعَه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ابنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأَستارِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقتُلوه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلْحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٦٧. وأخرجه النسائي (٢٨٦٦) من طريق قتيبة به. وتقدم في (٦٠٤٥، ٩٩٣٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٨/ ٤٥١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٩٢٩، ١٢٩٨٣). وسيأتي في (١٦٩٦١، ١٨٨١٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٥٧/ ٤٥٠)، والبخارى (١٨٤٦، ٣٠٤٤، ٤٢٨٦).","vol":"13","page":532},{"text":"اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي شُرَيحٍ العَدَوِيِّ أنَّه قال لِعَمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ وهو يَبعَثُ البُعوثَ إلَى مَكَّةَ: ائذَنْ لِي أيُّها الأميرُ أن أُحَدِّثَكَ قَولًا قامَ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَمَنَ يَومِ الفَتح، سَمِعَته أُذُناىَ، ووَعاه قَلبِي، وبَصُرَته عَيناىَ حينَ تَكَلَّمَ، أنَّه حَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَها الله ولَم يُحَرِّمْها النّاسُ، فلا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَسفِكَ بها دَمًا ولا يَعضِدَ بها شَجَرَةً، فإِن أحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ لِقِتالِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيها، فقولوا له: إنَّ اللهَ أذِنَ لِرسولِه ولَم يأذَنْ لَكُم، وِإنَّما أذِنَ لِي ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، وعادَت حُرمَتُها اليَومَ كَحُرمَتِها بالأمسِ. فليُبلِّغِ الشّاهِدُ الغائبَ\". فقيلَ لأبِي شُرَيحٍ: ماذا قال لَكَ عمرٌو؟ قال: أنا أعلَمُ بذَلِكَ مِنكَ يا أبا شُرَيحٍ، إنَّ الحَرَمَ لا يُعيذُ عاصيًا ولا فارًّا بدَمٍ ولا فارًّا بخَرْبَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الخربة من الخَرابة، وهى في سرقة الإبل خاصة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٢٦٦.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٨٢، ٨٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٧٣، ٢٧١٦٤) من طريق الليث به. والترمذي (١٤٠٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي سعيد به. وليس عند الترمذي ذكر عمرو بن سعيد. وسيأتي في (١٨٨١٧)،\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠٤، ١٨٣٢، ٤٢٩٥)، ومسلم (١٣٥٤/ ٤٤٦).","vol":"13","page":533},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2946>بابُ استِباحَةِ قَتلِ مَن سَبَّه أو هَجاه، امرأَةً كان أو رَجُلًا</span>\n\n١٣٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عثمانَ الشَّحّام، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: [كانَت أُمُّ ولَدِ رَجُلٍ] (^١) على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تكثِرُ الوَقيعَةَ في رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وتَشتُمُه، فيَنهاها فلا تَنتَهِي، ويَزجُرُها فلا تَنزَجِرُ، فلَمّا كان ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ ذَكَرَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فوَقَعَت فيه، قال: فلَم أصبِرْ أن قُمتُ إلَى المِعوَلِ (^٢) فأَخَذتُه فوَضَعتُه في بَطنِها، ثُمَّ اتَّكَيتُ عَلَيها حَتَّى قَتَلتُها. قال: فوَقَعَ طِفلاها بَينَ رِجلَيها مُلَطَّخانِ (^٣) بالدَّم، فأَصبَحتُ فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فجَمَعَ النّاسَ ثُمَّ قال: \"أنشُدُ باللهِ رَجُلًا رأى لِلنَّبِيِّ حَقًّا فعَلَ ما فعَلَ إلَّا قامَ\". قال: فأَقبَلَ الأعمَى - يَعنِي القاتِلَ - يَتَزَلزَلُ، وذَكَرَ كَلِمَةً - قال أبو الحُسَينِ: ذَهَبَت عليّ (^٤) - فقالَ: وإِن كانَت لَرَفيقَةً لَطيفَةً، ولَكِنَّها كانَت تُكثِرُ الوَقيعَةَ فيكَ وتَشتُمُكَ، فأَنهاها فلا تَنتَهِي، وأَزجُرُها فلا تَنزَجِرُ، فلَمّا كان البارِحَةَ ذَكَرَتكَ فوَقَعَت فيكَ، فلَم أصبِرْ أن قُمتُ إلَى المِعوَلِ فوَضَعتُه في بَطنِها. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اشهَدوا أنَّ دَمَها هَدَرٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في مصادر التخريج: \"أن أعمى كانت له أم ولد\".\n(^٢) المعول: هو الفأس الكبيرة التي يكسر بها الحجارة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"متضمخان\".\n(^٤) في م: \"عنى\".\n(^٥) مجموع فيه مصنفات ابن البخترى (٤٧٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٦١)، والنسائي (٤٠٨١) من طريق إسرائيل به. وعندهم \"المغول\" بالمعجمة. وهو شبه الخنجر. الفائق ١/ ٢١٢. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٦٥).","vol":"13","page":534},{"text":"١٣٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ وعبدُ اللهِ بن الجَرّاح، عن جَريرٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ يَهوديَّةً كانَت تَشتُمُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وتَقَعُ فيه، فخَنَقَها رَجُلٌ حَتَّى ماتَت، فأَبطَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَمَها (^١).\n\n١٣٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِيّ، عن أبي السَّوّار، عن أبي بَرْزَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سَبَّ أبا بكرٍ فقُلتُ: ألا أضرِبُ عُنُقَه يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: لا، لَيسَت هذه لأحَدٍ بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ العُكبَرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن إسماعيلَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لا يُقتَلُ أحَدٌ بسَبِّ أحَدٍ، إلَّا بسَبِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٦٢)، ومن طريقه الضياء المقدسى في الأحاديث المختارة (٥٤٧). وسيأتي في (١٨٧٤٣). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٤١٠ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وأبو يعلى (٨٢) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (٥٤)، والنسائي (٤٠٨٢) من طريق شعبة به بلفظ: أغلظ. بدل: سب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٩٥).\n(^٣) ينظر مختصر الكامل للمقريزى ص ٨٢٧ (٢١٤٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٣٠٧) من طريق يحيى بن إسماعيل به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٢٧: يحيى بن إسماعيل مجهول وخبره منكر.","vol":"13","page":535},{"text":"قالَ أبو أحمدَ ﵀: هَذا الحَديثُ يُعرَفُ بيَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2947>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه جَعَلَ سَبَّه لِلمُسلِميَن رَحمَةً، وفِي ذَلِكَ كالدَّليلِ على أنَّه له مُباحٌ</span>\n\n١٣٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ - ﵁ - أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اللَّهمَّ فأَيُّما عبدٍ مُؤمِنٍ سَبَبتُه فاجعَلْ ذَلِكَ له قُربَةً إلَيكَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٣٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ (^٣) اللهِ بن إبرْاهيمَ بنِ بالُويه المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّام بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّي اتَّخَذْتُ عِندَكَ عَهدًا لَن تُخلِفَه، إنَّما أنا بشرٌ، فأَيُّ المُؤمِنينَ آذَيتُه أو شَتَمتُه أو جَلَدتُه أو لَعَنتُه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥١٥) عن محمد بن الحسن بن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٣٦١)، ومسلم (٢٦٠١/ ٩٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عبد\".","vol":"13","page":536},{"text":"فاجعَلْها له صَلاةً وزَكاةً وقُربَةً تُقَرِّبُه بها يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ السُّلَمِيِّ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ أيُّما مُؤمِنٍ سَبَبتُه أو جَلَدتُه أو لَعَنتُه، فاجعَلْها له زَكاةً ورَحمَةً\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٥١٢ - وعن الأعمَش، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ مِثلَه، وزادَ فيه: \"زَكاةً وأَجرًا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وأَبِي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٥١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ الأعوَرُ، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما أنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٩٤). ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٩٩)، وابن حبان (٦٥١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٣٦١)، ومسلم (٢٦٠١/ ٩٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٣٥)، ومسلم (٢٦٠١/ ٨٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٩٩) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٥) مسلم ٤/ ٢٠٠٩ (٢٦٠٢/ عقب ٨٩).","vol":"13","page":537},{"text":"بَشَرٌ، وإِنِّي اشتَرَطتُ علَى رَبِّي؛ أيُّ عبدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ضَرَبتُه أو شَتَمتُه أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ زَكاةً وأَجرًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبد اللهِ وغَيرِه عن حَجّاجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلانِ فأَغلَظَ لَهُما، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَمَن أصابَ مِنكَ خَيرًا ما أصابَ مِنكَ هَذانِ خَيرًا. فقالَ: \"أوَما عَلِمتِ مما عاهَدتُ عَلَيه رَبِّي؟ \". قُلتُ: وما عاهَدتَ عَلَيه رَبَّكَ؟ قال: \"قُلتُ: اللَّهُمَّ أيُّما مُؤمِنٍ سَبَبتُه أو لَعَنتُه فاجعَلْها له مَغفِرَةً وعافيَةً، [وكَذا وكَذا] (^٣) \". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2948>بابٌ: الوِصالُ له مُباحٌ لَيسَ لِغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ مالكُ بن أنَسٍ وأُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٢٦) عن حجاج به. وعنده: \"سببته\". بدلًا من: \"ضربته\". وكذا عند مسلم.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦٠٢/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وهكذا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٧٩) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٠٠/ عقب ٨٨).","vol":"13","page":538},{"text":"وغَيرُهُما، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الوِصال، فقيلَ له: إنَّكَ تواصِلُ. فقالَ: \"إنى لَستُ كَهَيئَتِكُم، إنِّي أُطعَمُ وأُسقَى\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢). وثبَتَ مَعناه مِن حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وعائشَةَ بنتِ الصِّدّيقِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2949>بابٌ: كان يَنامُ ولا يَتَوَضّأُ</span>\n\n١٣٥١٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العبّاسِ (^٤) محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن عبد رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: بتُّ عِندَ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عِندَها تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ، فتَوَضّأَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قامَ يُصَلِّي، فقُمتُ عن يَسارِه فأَخَذَنِي فجَعَلَنِي عن يَمينِه، فصَلَّى في تِلكَ اللَّيلَةِ ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، ثُمَّ نامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى نَفَخَ، وكانَ إذا نامَ نَفَخَ، ثُمَّ أتاه المُؤَذِّنُ فخَرَجَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ. قال عمرٌو: فحَدَّثتُ بها بُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجّ، فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي كُرَيبٌ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٢٧٧). وتقدم في (٨٤٤٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٩٦٢)، ومسلم (١١٠٢/ ٥٥).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٤٤٧ - ٨٤٥٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"عبد الله\".","vol":"13","page":539},{"text":"بذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: كَيفَ كانَت صَلاةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رَمَضانَ؟ فقالَت: ما كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَزيدُ في رَمَضانَ ولا في غَيرِه على إحدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكعَةً، يُصَلِّي أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي أربَعًا فلا تَسأَلْ عن حُسنِهِنَّ وطولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي ثَلاثًا. قالَت عائشَةُ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أتَنامُ قَبلَ أن توتِرَ؟ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ إن عَينَيَّ تَنامانِ ولا يَنامُ قَلبِي\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٣٥١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ المُرادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٦٢٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٨)، ومسلم (٧٦٣/ ١٨٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٣٤١). وتقدم في (٦٠٥، ٤٦٧٦، ٤٧٣٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٥٦٩)، ومسلم (٧٣٨/ ١٢٥).","vol":"13","page":540},{"text":"وهبِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حدثنا شَريكُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُنا عن لَيلَةِ أُسرِيَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن مَسجِدِ الكَعبَة، أنَّه جاءَه ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ قَبلَ أن يوحَى إلَيه وهو نائمٌ في المَسجِدِ الحَرام، فقالَ أوَّلُهُم: هو هو. وقالَ أَوسَطُهُم: هو خَيرُهُم. وقالَ آخِرُهُم: خُذوا خيرَهُم. فكانَت تِلكَ، فلَم يَرَهُم حَتَّى جاءَه لَيلَةً أُخرَى فيما يَرَى قَلبُه، والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - تَنامُ عَينُه ولا يَنامُ قَلبُه، وكَذَلِكَ الأنبياءُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ تَنامُ أعيُنُهُم ولا تَنامُ قُلوبُهُم. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ عن عبد العَزيزِ عن سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2950>بابٌ: صَلاتُه التَّطَوُّعَ قاعِدًا كَصَلاتِه قائمًا وإِن لَم تَكُنْ به عِلَّةٌ</span>\n\n١٣٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن قُدامَةَ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالٍ يعنى (^٣) ابنَ يِسافٍ (^٤)، عن أبي يَحيَى، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵁ - قال: حُدِّثتُ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"صَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ قاعِدًا نِصفُ الصَّلاةِ\". فأتَيتُه فوَجَدتُه يُصَلِّي جالِسًا، فوَضَعتُ يَدِي على رأسِي فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو؟ \". قُلتُ: حُدِّثتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّكَ قُلتَ: \"صَلاةُ الرَّجُلِ قاعِدًا نِصفُ الصَّلاةِ\". وأَنتَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٩٣٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٣٤٣) عن الربيع بن سليمان به بنحوه. وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٤١٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٥١٧)، ومسلم (١٦٢/ ٢٦٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٤) في س: \"سنان\". وفي ص ٧: \"يسار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٣٥٣.","vol":"13","page":541},{"text":"تُصَلِّي قاعِدًا! فقالَ: \"أجَل، ولَكِن لَستُ كأحَدٍ مِنكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٢). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2951>بابٌ: إلَيه يُنسَبُ أولادُ بَناتِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، عن الحَسَن، عن أبي بكرَةَ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ ابنِي هَذا سَيِّدٌ - يَعنِي الحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ ﵉ - ولَعَلَّ اللهَ أن يُصلِحَ به بَينَ فِئَتَينِ عظيمتَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد سَمَّاهُ (^٥) النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ابنَه حينَ وُلِدَ، وسَمَّى أخَوَيه بذَلِكَ حينَ وُلِدا فقالَ لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: \"ما سَمَّيتَ ابنِي؟ \":\n\n١٣٥٢١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٩٥٠). وأخرجه البزار (٢٣٦١)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٦٦٧) من طريق جرير به.\nوتقدم في (٤٦٥٣) من طريق منصور بقوله: \"صلاة القاعد على النصف من صلاة القائم\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٣٥/ ١٢٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٠٤٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٠٤، ٣٧٤٦، ٧١٠٩).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"سمى\".","vol":"13","page":542},{"text":"بالكوفَة، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن إسحاقَ الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن هانِئِ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لما أن وُلِدَ الحَسَنُ سَمَّيتُه حَربًا، فقالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما سَمَّيتَ ابنِي؟ \". قُلتُ: حَربًا. قال: \"هو الحَسَنُ\". فلَمّا أن وُلِدَ الحُسَينُ سَمَّيتُه حَربًا، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما سَمَّيتَ ابنِي؟ \". قُلتُ: حَربًا. قال: \"هو الحُسَينُ\". فَلَمّا أن وُلِدَ مُحَسِّنٌ قال: \"ما سَمَّيتَ ابنِي؟ \". قُلتُ: حَربًا. قال: \"هو مُحَسِّنٌ\". ثُمَّ قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي سَمَّيتُ بَنِيَّ هَؤُلاءِ بتَسميَةِ هارونَ بَنيه، شَبَّرًا وشَبِيرًا ومُشَبِّرًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يونُسَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ إسرائيلَ: \"أرونِي ابنِي ما سَمَّيتُموه\". والباقِي بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٣٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو عبد اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ الغَزّالُ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن ثابِتٍ الجَزَرِيُّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مِسمارٍ مَولَى عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عامِرَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: قال سَعدٌ - ﵁ -: نَزَلَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - \"الوَحيُ فأَدخَلَ عَليًّا وفاطِمَةَ وابنَيهما تَحتَ ثَوبِه، قال: \"اللَّهمَّ هَؤُلاءِ أهلِي وأَهلُ بَيتِي\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٢٣ - ورَوَى حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مِسمارٍ عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبيه قال: لما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٢٧٧٣) عن عثمان بن عمر. وتقدم في (١٢٠٤٩). وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣٠: لَمْ يرووه في الكتب الستة، وهانئ ليس بمعروف، خرج له أبو داود والترمذي وابن ماجة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٤٢/ ١١٣، ١١٤ من طريق إسماعيل الصفار به. والحاكم ٣/ ١٤٧ من طريق الحسن بن عرفة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٤٣٩) من طريق بكير بن مسمار به.","vol":"13","page":543},{"text":"وَنِسَاءَكُمْ﴾ [آل عمران: ٦١] دَعا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَليًّا وفاطِمَةَ وحَسَنًا وحُسَينًا فقالَ: \"اللَّهمَّ هَؤُلاء أهلِي\". حَدَّثَنَاهُ أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرٌ الخُلدِيُّ (^١) وأبو بكرِ بن بالُويَه قالا: حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن هارونَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2952>بابٌ: الأنسابُ كُلُّها مُنقَطِعَةٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ إلَّا نَسَبَهُ</span>\n\n١٣٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن يَعقوبَ وإِبراهيمُ بن عِصمَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بن أسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبُ بن خالِدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليّ بنِ الحُسَينِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: لما تَزَوَّجَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بنتَ عليٍّ - ﵃ - أتَى مَجلِسًا في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ القَبرِ والمِنبَرِ لِلمُهاجِرينَ، لَم يَكُنْ يَجلِسُ فيه غَيرُهُم، فدَعَوا له بالبَرَكَةِ. فقالَ: أما واللَّهِ ما دَعانِي إلَى تَزويجِها إلَّا أنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ سَبَبٍ ونَسَبٍ مُنقَطِعٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ إلَّا ما كان مِن سَبَبِي ونَسَبِي\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ إسحاقَ، وهو\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٧: \"الخالدى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ١٥٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٨)، والترمذي (٢٩٩٩، ٣٧٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٩٩) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٤٠٤/ ٣٢).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ١٤٢ وصححه، وابن إسحاق في السيرة (٣٤٧).","vol":"13","page":544},{"text":"مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَوصولًا ومُرسَلًا:\n\n١٣٥٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن هارونَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن وكيعِ بنِ الجَرّاح، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أخبرَنِي حَسَنُ بن حَسَنٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - أُمَّ كُلثومٍ، فقالَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إنَّها تَصغُرُ عن ذَلِكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ سَبَبٍ ونَسَبٍ مُنقَطِعٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ إلَّا سَبَبِي ونَسَبِي\". فأَحبَبتُ أن يَكونَ لِي مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَبَبٌ ونَسَبٌ. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - لِحَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ: زَوِّجا عَمَّكُما. فقالا: هِيَ امرأةٌ مِنَ النِّساءِ تَختارُ لِنَفسِها. فقامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - مُغضَبًا، فأَمسَكَ الحَسَنُ - ﵁ - بثَوبِه وقالَ: لا صَبرَ على هِجرانِكَ يا أبَتاه. قال: فزَوَّجاه (^١).\n\n١٣٥٢٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ مَولَى بَنِي هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ بكرٍ بنتُ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مخرمَةَ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"فاطِمَةُ مُضغَةٌ مِنِّي، يَقبِضُنِي ما قَبَضَها، ويَبسُطُنِي ما بَسَطَها، وإِنَّ الأنسابَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٦٠٩) من طريق سفيان بن وكيع به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣١: ابن وكيع لا يعتمد عليه.","vol":"13","page":545},{"text":"يَومَ القيامَةِ تَنقَطِعُ غَيرَ نَسَبِي وسَبَبِي وصِهرِي\" (^١).\n\n١٣٥٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن محمدٍ الفَرْوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أُمِّ بكرٍ بنتِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَنقَطِعُ كُلُّ نَسَبٍ إلَّا نَسَبِي وسَبَبِي وصِهرِي\" (^٢). هَكذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ دون ابنِ أبي رافِعٍ في إسنادِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2953>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِن أن يَدعوَ المُصَلِّبَ فيُجيبَه وإن كان في الصَّلاةِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبي سعيدِ بنِ المُعَلَّى الأنصارِيَّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَعاه وهو يُصَلِّي، فصَلَّى ثُمَّ أتاه، فقالَ: \"ما مَنَعَكَ أن تُجيبَنِي إذ دَعوْتُكَ؟ \". قال: إنِّي كُنتُ أُصَلِّي. فقالَ: \"أَلَم يَقُلِ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ. [الأنفال: ٢٤]؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا أُعَلِّمُكَ أعظَمَ سورَةٍ في القُرآنِ؟ \". قال: فكأنَّه نَسِيَها أو نُسِّيَ. قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ الَّذِي قُلتَ لِي؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٥٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأحمد (١٨٩٠٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٧ (٣٣) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به بنحوه. وينظر الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣٢.","vol":"13","page":546},{"text":"\"الحَمدُ للَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ هِيَ السَّبعُ المَثَانِي والقُرآنُ العَظيمُ الَّذِي أوتيتُه\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2954>بابٌ: كان مالُه بَعدَ مَوتِه قائمًا على نَفَقَتِه ومِلكِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلْحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها أخبَرَته أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أرسَلَت إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - تَسأَلُه ميراثَها مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ بالمَدينَةِ وفَدَكٍ وما بَقِيَ مِن خُمُسِ خَيبَرَ، قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا نورَثُ، ما تَرَكنا (^٣) صَدَقَةٌ، إنَّما يأكُلُ آلُ محمدٍ في هَذا المالِ\". وإِنِّي واللهِ لا أُغَيِّرُ شَيئًا مِن صدَقَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن حالِها التي كانَت عَلَيه في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولأعمَلَنَّ فيها بما عَمِلَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٢١٣ عن أبي سعيد ابن أبي عمرو الصيرفى به.\nوالطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٣/ ٢٤٢ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وتقدم في (٣٩٨٧، ٣٩٨٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٧٤، ٤٦٤٧، ٤٧٠٣، ٥٠٠٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تركناه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥)، وأبو داود (٢٩٦٨)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠٧) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (١٢٨٦١، ١٢٨٦٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٢٤٠، ٤٢٤١)، ومسلم (١٧٥٩/ ٥٢).","vol":"13","page":547},{"text":"١٣٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبي عُمَرَ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَقتَسِمُ ورَثَتِي دينارًا، ما تَرَكتُ بَعدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسائي ومُؤْنَةِ عامِلِي فهو صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2955>بابُ دُخولِ المَسجِدِ جُنُبًا</span>\nكَذا قال أبو العباس، والصَّوابُ - إن صَحَّ الخَبَرُ فيه: لُبثُه في المَسجِدِ جُنُبًا، فالعُبورُ دونَ اللُّبثِ جائزٌ لِلكافَّةِ على الجَنابَة، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي غَنيَّةَ، عن أبي الخطابِ الهَجَرِيّ، عن مَحدوجٍ (^٣) الذُّهلِيّ، عن جَسرَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فوَجَّهَ هَذا المَسجِدَ فقالَ: \"ألا لا يَحِلُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٣٩٤٥)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٤٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٣)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠٩) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٢٨٦٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٠/ عقب ٥٥)، والبخارى (٦٧٢٩).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مخدوج. وفي حاشية أصله: وقيل: بالحاء\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٢٦١.","vol":"13","page":548},{"text":"هَذا المَسجِدُ لِجُنُبٍ ولا حائضٍ إلَّا لِرسولِ اللهِ وعَلِيٍّ وفاطِمَةَ والحَسَنِ والحُسَين، إلا قَد بَيَّنتُ لَكُمُ الأسماءَ ألَّا تَضِلّوا\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمَّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ ﵀: مَحدوجٌ الذُّهلِيُّ عن جَسرَةَ، قالَه ابنُ أبي غَنيَّةَ عن أبي الخطاب، فيه نَظَرٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوِيَ هَذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جَسرَةَ، وفيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١٣٥٣٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَيَّنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن حَمزَةَ التَّمّارُ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ يَذكُرُ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن جَسرَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلَمةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إلا إنَّ مَسجِدِي حَرامٌ على كُلِّ حائضٍ مِنَ النِّساءِ وكُلِّ جُنُبٍ مِنَ الرِّجال، إلَّا على محمدٍ وأَهلِ بَيته؛ عليٍّ وفاطِمَةَ والحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في تاريخ أصبهان ١/ ٢٩١ - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٤/ ١٦٦ - من طريق الفضل بن دكين به. وابن أبي شيبة في مسنده - كما في المطالب (٢١٧)، وعنه ابن ماجة (٦٤٥) - وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٢٤٢): هذا إسناد ضعيف؛ محدوج لَمْ يوثق، وأبو الخطاب مجهول. والطبرانى ٢٣/ ٣٧٣ (٨٨٣) من طريق أبي نعيم به بنحوه. وعند ابن أبي شيبة والطبرانى بلفظ: \"وأزواجه\". بدل: \"والحسن والحسين\". وعند الطبراني: ابن أبي عتبة. بدل: غنية.\n(^٢) الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٣٦، والتاريح الكبير ٨/ ٦٦ دون قوله: فيه نظر.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٣٨ وفيه: عطاء بن مسلم عن أبي عتبة عن إسماعيل عن جسرة به. وفيه: وأزواجه. بدل: والحسن والحسين. وذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ٢/ ٢٥٢ من طريق عطاء عن ابن أبي غنية عن إسماعيل عن جسرة، وفيه أيضًا: وأزواجه.","vol":"13","page":549},{"text":"أبو أحمدَ بن فارِسٍ قال: قال البخاريُّ. فذَكَرَ رِوايَةَ مَحدوجٍ عن جَسرَةَ، ثُمَّ قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أفلَتُ: عن جَسرَةَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. ولا يَصِحُّ هَذا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٣٥٣٣ - وقَد رَوَى محمدُ بن فُضَيلٍ عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي حَفصَةَ عن عَطيَّةَ عن أبي سعيدٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: \"يا عليُّ لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ يُجنِبُ في هَذا المَسجِدِ غَيرِي وغَيرَكَ\". أنبأَنيه أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنَّ أبا محمدٍ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ أخبَرَهُم قال: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن المُنذِر، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سالِمُ بن أبي حَفصَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عَطيَّةَ، وعَطيَّةُ هو ابنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٣). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2956>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ الحُكمِ لِنَفسِه وقَبُولِ شَهادَةِ (^٤) مَن شَهِدَ له بقَولِه وإِذَا جازَ ذَلِكَ جازَ أن يَحكُمَ لِوَلَدِه ووَلَدِ ولَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ أُسامَةَ الحَلَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٨٣، ١٨٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٧٢٧) عن عليّ بن المنذر به، وقال: حسن غريب. وقال: وسمع منى محمد بن إسماعيل هذا الحديث فاستغربه. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣٤: عطية واه، والحديث منكر بمرة.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٢٨٠٣).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"قول\".","vol":"13","page":550},{"text":"حَجّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ الرُّصافِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُمارَةُ بن خُزَيمَةَ أنَّ عَمَّه أخبَرَه - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ابتاعَ فرَسًا مِن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأعراب، فاستَتبَعَه ليَقضيَه ثَمَنَ فرَسِه، فأَسرَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَشىَ وأَبطأَ الأعرابِيُّ، فطَفِقَ رِجالٌ يَعتَرِضونَ الأعرابِيَّ فساوَموه بالفَرَسِ ولا يَشعُرونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِ ابتاعَه حَتَّى زادَ بعضُهم الأعرابِيَّ في السَّومِ على ثَمَنِ الفَرَسِ الَّذِي ابتاعَه رسولُ الله - ﷺ -، فلَمّا زادَه نادَى الأعرابِيُّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إن كُنتَ مُبتاعًا هَذا الفَرَسَ فابتَعه أو لأبيعَنَّه. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ سَمِعَ نِداءَ الأعرابِيِّ حَتَّى أتاه الأعرابِيُّ فقالَ له: \"أوَلَستُ قَدِ ابتَعتُه مِنكَ؟ \". قال الأعرابِيُّ: لا واللهِ مَا بعتُكَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَلَى قَدِ ابتَعتُه مِنكَ\". فطَفِقَ النَّاسُ يَلوذونَ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وبِالأعرابِيِّ وهُما يَتَراجَعان، وطَفِقَ الأعرابِيُّ يقولُ: هَلُمَّ شَهيدًا يَشهَدُ أنِّي بايَعتُكَ. فمَن جاءَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قال لِلأعرابِيِّ: ويلَكَ، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَكُنْ يقولُ إلَّا حَقًّا. حَتَّى جاءَ خُزَيمَةُ فاستَمَعَ ما يُراجِعُ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويُراجِعُ الأعرابِيّ، وطَفِقَ الأعرابِيُّ يقولُ: هَلُمَّ شُهَداءَ يَشهَدونَ أنِّي بايَعتُكَ. قال خُزَيمَةُ: أنا أشهَدُ أنَّكَ قَد بايَعتَه. فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على خُزَيمَةَ قال: \"بِم تَشهَدُ؟ \". قال: بتَصديقِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَهادَةَ خُزَيمَةَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلَينِ (^١). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٦٦١) من طريق الزهري به، وسيأتي تخريجه في (٢٠٥٤٥).","vol":"13","page":551},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2957>بابُ ما أُبيحَ له مِنَ القَضاءِ بعِلمِه</span>\nوفِي قَضاءِ غَيرِه بعِلمِ نَفسِه قَولانِ.\n\n١٣٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ التَّمَّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بن نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: وحَدَّثَنِي عُروةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - قالَت: جاءَت هِندُ بنتُ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، واللهِ ما كان على ظَهرِ الأرضِ أهلُ خِباءٍ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ أن يَذِلّوا مِن أهلِ خِبائكَ، ثُمَّ ما أصبَحَ اليَومَ على ظَهرِ الأرضِ أهلُ خِباءٍ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ أن يَعِزُّوا مِن أهلِ خِبائكَ. ثُمَّ قالَت: إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُل مُمسِكٌ، فهَل عليّ حَرَجٌ أن أُطعِمَ مِنَ الَّذِي له عيالَنا؟ فقالَ لَها: \"لا حَرَجَ عَلَيكِ أن تُطعِميهِم بالمَعروفِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمان، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2958>بابُ تَركِه الإنكارَ على مَن شَرِبَ بَولَه ودَمَهُ</span>\n\n١٣٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حامِدٍ العَطارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٨٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٥٧) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٥١٩، ٢١٣٣٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٦٠)، ومسلم (١٧١٤/ ٨، ٩).","vol":"13","page":552},{"text":"عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن مَعينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبَرَتنِي حُكَيمَةُ بنتُ أُمَيمَةَ، عن أُمَيمَةَ أُمِّها، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَبولُ في قَدَحٍ مِن عَيدانٍ، ثُمَّ وُضِعَ تَحتَ سَريرِه فبالَ، فوُضِعَ تَحتَ سَريرِه فجاءَ فأَرادَه، فإِذا القَدَحُ لَيسَ فيه شَئٌ، فقالَ لامرأةٍ يُقالُ لَها: بَرَكَةُ. كانَت تَخدُمُه، لأُمِّ حَبيبَةَ جاءَت مَعَها مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ: \"أينَ البَول الذِي كان في هَذا القَدَحِ؟ \" قالَت: شَرِبتُه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ أبو سلَمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُنَيدُ بن القاسِمِ قال: سَمِعتُ عامِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَعطانِي دَمَه فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فوارِه، لا يَبْحَثُ عنه سَبعٌ أو كَلبٌ أو إنسانٌ\". قال: فتَنَحَّت (^٢) فشَرِبتُه ثُمَّ أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قُلتُ: صَنَعتُ الَّذِي أمَرتَنِي. قال: \"ما أُراكَ إلَّا قَد شَرِبتَه\". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"ماذا تَلقَى أُمَّتِي مِنكَ؟! \". قال أبو جَعفَرٍ: وزادَنِي بَعضُ أصحابِ الحديثِ عن أبي سلَمةَ: قال: فيُرَونَ أنَّ القوَّةَ التي كانَت في ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ مِن قوَّةِ دَمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ١٨٩ (٤٧٧) من طريق حجاج به. وتقدم في (٤٨٦) بدون ذكر قصة شرب الجارية البول.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"عنه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٨/ ١٦٣، ١٦٤ من طريق المصنّف به. والبزار (٢٢١٠)، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٥٤ من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"13","page":553},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ [مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ] (^١) عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ وعن سَلمانَ في شُربِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - دَمَه (^٢).\nورُوِيَ عن سَفينَةَ أنَّه شَرِبَه:\n\n١٣٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ وإِبراهيمُ بن أسباطٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بُرَيْهُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ سَفينَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: احتَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قال لي: \"خُذْ هَذا الدَّمَ فادفِنْه مِنَ الدَّوابِّ والطَّيرِ\". أو قال: \"النّاسِ والدَّوابِّ\". شَكَّ ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ. قال: فتَغَيَّبتُ به فشَرِبتُه. قال: ثُمَّ سألَنِي فأَخبَرتُه أنِّي شَرِبتُه، فضَحِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2959>بابُ قَسمِ شَعَرِه بَينَ أصحابِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: لما رَمَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"الجَمرَةَ ونَحَرَ هَديَه ناوَلَ الحَلَّاقَ شِقَّه الأيمَنَ فحَلَقَه، فناوَلَه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أوجه أخر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ١/ ٢٢٨ من حديث أسماء. وابن الغطريف في جزئه (٦٥) - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٢٠/ ٢٣٣ - من حديث سلمان. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ١/ ٣١: وفيه علي بن مجاهد وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٤٩٦، ٤٩٧. وعنده: \"شريح بن يونس\". وأخرجه الطبراني (٦٤٣٤) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣٦: بريه متماسك.","vol":"13","page":554},{"text":"أبا طَلحَةَ، ثُمَّ ناوَلَه شِقَّه الأيسَرَ فحَلَقَه، وأَمَرَه أن يَقسِمَ بَينَ النّاسِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بن محمدٍ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما حَلَقَ شَعَرَه يَومَ النَّحرِ تَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ فأَخَذوا شَعَرَه، فأَخَذَ أبو طَلحَةَ مِنه طائفَةً. قال ابنُ سيرينَ: لأنَّ يَكونَ عِندِي مِنه شَعْرَةٌ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صاعِقَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ دونَ قَولِ ابنِ سيرينَ (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن أيّوبَ وابنِ عَونٍ وعاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ أنَّه قال هَذا القَولَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بن نَصرُويه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن المُغيرَة، عن ثابِتٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٠٥/ ٣٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٢٣٢) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٧١).\n(^٥) حديث أيوب تقدم في (٤٢٩٠)، وحديت عاصم أخرجه البخاري (١٧٠).","vol":"13","page":555},{"text":"أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: لَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - والحَلَّاقُ يَحلِقُه وقَد أطافَ به أصحابُه، فما يُريدونَ أن تَقَعَ شَعْرَةٌ إلَّا في يَدِ رَجُلٍ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2960>بابُ طَعامِ الفُجاءَةِ</span>\nقال أبو العباسِ: ونَهَى عن طَعامِ الفُجاءَة، ولَقَد فاجأه (^٣) أبو الدَّرداءِ على طَعامِه فأَمَرَه بأَكلِه، وكانَ ذَلِكَ له خاصًّا - ﷺ -.\nقال الشيخُ: أنا لا أحفَظُ حَديثَ النَّهي عن طَعامِ الفُجاءَةِ هَكَذا مِن وجهٍ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه، والَّذِي أحفَظُه مِمَّا في بَعضِ مَعناه ما:\n\n١٣٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا دُرُستُ بن زيادٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ طارِقٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ - ﵄ -: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن دُعِيَ فلَم يُجِبْ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه، ومَن دَخَلَ على غَيرِ دَعوَةٍ دَخَلَ سارِقًا وخَرَجَ مُغِيرًا\" (^٤).\nوهَذا ورَدَ في الرَّجُلِ يَدخُلُ على آخَرَ وهو يَعلَمُ أنَّه يأكُلُ ليأكُلَ مَعَه، وقَد رُوِيَ حَديثٌ بنَفي التَّخصيصِ الَّذِي تَوَهَّمَه أبو العباسِ في طَعامِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٦٣) عن سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٢٥/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"فأجأ\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في الآداب (٧٠٥)، وأبو داود (٣٧٤١). وسيأتي (١٤٦٦٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٩٨).","vol":"13","page":556},{"text":"في قِصَّةِ أبي الدَّرداءِ.\n\n١٣٥٤٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن سَعدٍ (^١) النَّسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ العُكبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: أقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومًا مِن شِعبِ الجَبَلِ وقَد قَضَى حاجَتَه وبَينَ أيدينا تَمرٌ على تُرسٍ أو حَجَفَةٍ (^٢)، فدَعَوناه إلَيه فأَكَلَ معنا وما مَسَّ ماءً (^٣). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٥٤٤ - ورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - أنَّهُم كانوا يأكُلونَ تَمرًا على تُرسٍ، قال: فمَرَّ بنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد جاءَ مِنَ الغائطِ فقُلنا: هَلُمَّ. فقَعَدَ فأَكَلَ معنا مِنَ التَّمرِ ولَم يَمَسَّ ماءً. أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن أعيَنَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٣٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدِبنِ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سعيد\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٤٨٨.\n(^٢) الحَجَفة: الترس. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ١٣٥.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٧٠٤)، وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٧٢) من طريق أبي الزبير بنحوه.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٦٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٠٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (١١٦٠)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (١٦٢٤) من طريق سعيد بن حفص به.","vol":"13","page":557},{"text":"سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي زُبَيدٌ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ السَّكَن، أنَّ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ دَخَلَ على عبد اللَّهِ يَومَ عاشوراءَ وهو يأكُلُ فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ ادنُه فكُلْ. فقالَ: إنِّي صائمٌ. قال: كُنّا نَصومُه ثُمَّ تُرِكَ (^١).\nرَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى (^٢).\nوفِي هَذا أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَنفِي التَّخصيصَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2961>بابُ ما خُصَّ به مِن زيادَةِ الوَعْكِ لِزيادَةِ الأجرِ</span>\nولَم يَذكُرْه أبو العباسِ ﵀.\n\n١٣٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنُ المُنادِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: دَخَلتُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فإِذا هو يوعَكُ فمَسِستُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّكَ توعَكُ وعكًا شَديدًا. قال: \"أجَل، إنِّي أُوعَكُ كما يوعَكُ رَجُلانِ مِنكُم\". قال: قُلتُ: لأنَّ لَكَ أجرَينِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وفيه: \"الأعمش بن قيس\". بدلًا من: \"الأشعث\". و: \"ثم نزل\". بدلًا من: \"ثم ترك\". وتقدم عقب (٨٤٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٢٧/ ١٢٣).","vol":"13","page":558},{"text":"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه ما على الأرضِ مِن مُسلِمٍ يُصيبُه أذًى؛ مَرَضٌ فما سِواه، إلَّا حَطَّ اللَّهُ عنه خَطاياه كما تَحُطُّ الشَّجَرَةُ ورَقَها\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٢)، واللَّهُ تَعالَى أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2962>بابٌ: لَن يَموتَ نَبِيٌّ حَتَّى يُخَيَّرَ بَينَ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضرُ بن شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: كُنَّا نَسمَعُ أنَّ نَبيًّا لا يَموتُ حَتَّى يُخَيَّرَ بَينَ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ. قالَت: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في وجَعِه الَّذِي توُفِّيَ فيه أخَذَته بُحَّةٌ فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: ﴿مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ وَحَسُنَ أُولَئِكَ رَفِيقًا (٦٩)﴾ [النساء: ٦٩] قالَت: فظَنَنتُه خُيِّرَ بَينَ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ (^٣). أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٦٠٥، ٦٦٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٧١/ عقب ٤٥)، والبخارى (٥٦٤٨، ٥٦٦٠، ٥٦٦٧).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٠٨، والطيالسى (١٥٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٠٣)، وابن حبان (٦٥٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجة (١٦٢٠) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤٣٥)، ومسلم (٨٦/ ٢٤٤٤).","vol":"13","page":559},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2963>بابُ ما خُصَّ به مِن أنَّ أزواجَه أُمَّهاتُ المُؤمِنيَن، وأَنَّه يَحرُمُ نِكاحُهُنَّ مِن بَعدِه على جَميعِ العالَميَن</span>\nقال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦]. وقالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا (٥٣)﴾ الآيَة [الأحزاب: ٥٣].\n\n١٣٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن العباسِ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِهرانُ بن أبي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: لَو قَد ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجْتُ عائشةَ أو أُمَّ سلمةَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا﴾ (^١). قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا مِهرانُ.\n\n١٣٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُويُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن بَجالَةَ أو غَيرِه قال: مَرَّ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - بغُلامٍ وهو يَقرأُ في المُصحَفِ: (النَّبِيُّ أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم وأَزواجُه أُمَّهاتُهُم وهو أبٌ لَهُم). فقالَ: يا غُلامُ حُكَّها. قال: هَذا مُصحَفُ أُبَيٍّ. فذَهَبَ إلَيه فسأَلَه فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ١٠/ ٣١٥٠ (١٧٦٦) من طريق مهران بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٣٩: وابن حميد واهٍ.","vol":"13","page":560},{"text":"إنَّه كان يُلهينِي القُرآنُ ويُلهيكَ الصَّفْقُ بالأسواقِ (^١).\n\n١٣٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عمرٍو البَزّارُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن طَلحَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه كان يَقرأ هذه الآيَةَ: (النَّبِيُّ أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم وهو أبٌ لَهُم وأَزواجُه أُمَّهاتُهُم) (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَى بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن صِلَةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال لامرأَتِه: إن سَرَّكِ أن تَكُونِي زَوجَتِي في الجَنَّةِ فلا تَزَوَّجِي بَعدِي؛ فإِنَّ المَرأَةَ في الجَنَّةِ لِآخِرِ أزواجِها في الدُّنيا، فلِذَلِكَ حَرُمَ على أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن يَنكِحنَ بَعدَه؛ لأنَّهُنَّ أزواجُه في الجَنَّةِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عائشةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن فِراسٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّ امرأَةً قالَت لَها: يا أُمَّه. فقالَت: أنا أُمُّ رِجالِكُم، لَستُ بأُمِّكِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٧٣٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ١١٢، وفي المصنّف (١٨٧٤٨) من طريق عمرو بن دينار بنحوه. قال الراغب الأصفهانى في مفردات ألفاظ القرآن ١/ ٦: بها قرأ ابن عباس وأبى بن كعب، وهى قراءة شاذة منسوخة.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٥ وفيه: \"سفيان\". بدل: \"يونس\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٢٠/ ١٢١ من طريق عيسى بن عبد الرَّحمن به.\n(^٤) مسانيد فراس لأبى نعيم (٢٥). وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٦٥ من طريق أبي عوانة به.","vol":"13","page":561},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2964>بابُ تَسميةِ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وبَناتِه وتَزويجِه بَناتِه</span>\nوفِي ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ قَولَه: ﴿أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ يَعنى في مَعنًى دونَ مَعنًى، وذَلِكَ أنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لَهُم نِكاحُهُنَّ بحالٍ، ولا يَحرُمُ عَلَيهِم نِكاحُ بناتٍ (^١) لَو كُنَّ لَهُنَّ (^٢)، كما يَحرُمُ عَلَيهِم نِكاحُ بَناتِ أُمَّهاتِهِمُ اللاتِي ولَدنَهُم أو أرضَعنَهُم.\n\n١٣٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الحَجَّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ الحَلَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ الرُّصافِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن أبي زيادٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أوَّلُ امرأَةٍ تَزَوَّجَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَديجَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدِ بنِ أسَدِ بنِ عبد العُزَّى بنِ قُصَيٍّ، تَزَوَّجَها في الجاهِلِيَّة، وأَنكَحَه إيَّاها أبوها خوَيلِدٌ، فوَلَدَت لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"القاسِمَ، به كان يُكنَى، والطاهِرَ، وزَينَبَ، ورُقَيَّةَ، وأُمَّ كُلثومٍ، وفاطِمَةَ - ﵃ -. فأَمَّا زَينَبُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فتَزَوَّجَها أبو العاصِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ عبد العُزَّى بنِ عبد شَمسِ بنِ عبد مَنافٍ في الجاهِليَّة، فوَلَدَت لأبِي العاصِ جاريَةً اسمُها أُمامَةُ، فتَزَوَّجَها عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - بَعدَما توُفِّيَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - و- ﵂ -، فتوُفِّيَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - وعِندَه أُمامَةُ - ﵂ -، فخَلَفَ على أُمامَةَ بَعدَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - المُغيرَةُ بن نَوفَلِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بناته\". وفي م: \"بناتهن\"\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٧، م: \"بنات\".","vol":"13","page":562},{"text":"ابنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبد المُطلِبِ بنِ هاشِمٍ، فتوُفِّيَت عِندَه، وأُمُّ أبي العاصِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ هالَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدِ بنِ أسَدٍ، وخَديجَةُ - ﵂ - خالَتُه أُختُ أُمِّه. وأَمَّا رُقَيَّةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فتَزَوَّجَها عثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - في الجاهِليَّة، فوَلَدَت له عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عثمانَ، قَد كان به يُكنَى أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ حَتَّى كُنِيَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بعَمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، وبِكُلٍّ كان يُكنَى، ثُمَّ توُفِّيَت رُقَيَّةُ - ﵂ - زَمَنَ بَدرٍ، فتَخَلَّفَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - على دَفنِها؛ فذَلِكَ مَنَعَه أن يَشهَدَ بَدرًا، وقَد كان عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - هاجَرَ إلَى أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ وهاجرت مَعَه رُقيَّةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وتوُفيَت رُقَيَّةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ قُدُومِ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَشيرًا بفَتحِ بَدرٍ. وأَمّا أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فتَزَوَّجَها أيضًا عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بَعدَ أُختِها رُقَيَّةَ - ﵂ -، ثُمَّ توُفّيَت عِندَه ولَم تَلِدْ له شَيئًا. وأَمّا فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فتَزَوَّجَها عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، فوَلَدَت له حَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ الأكبَرَ، وحُسَينَ بنَ عليٍّ - وهو المَقتولُ بالعِراقِ بالطَّفِّ (^١) - وزَينَبَ، وأُمَّ كُلثومٍ، فهَذا ما ولَدَت فاطِمَةُ مِن عليٍّ - ﵂ -. فأَمّا زَينَبُ فتَزَوَّجَها عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، فماتَت عِندَه، وقَد ولَدَت له عليّ بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، وأَخًا له آخَرَ يُقالُ له: عَونٌ. وأَمّا أُمُّ كُلثومٍ فتَزَوَّجَها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - فوَلَدَت له زَيدَ بنَ عُمَرَ، ضُرِبَ لَيالِيَ قِتالِ ابنِ مُطيعٍ (^٢)، ضَربًا لَم يَزَلْ يَنهَمُ (^٣) له حَتَّى توُفِّيَ، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ على أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بَعدَ عُمَرَ عَونُ بن جَعفَرٍ، فلَم تَلِدْ له شَيئًا حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) الطف: أرض من ضاحية الكوفة في طريق البريَّة، فيها كان مقتل الحسين. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٥٣٩.\n(^٢) هي حرب كانت بين بنى عدى بن كعب بالمدينة، جناها بنو أبي جهم بن حذيفة وابن مطيع. أسد الغابة ٣/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٣) ينهم: يصرخ. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٤/ ٢٢ (ن هـ م).","vol":"13","page":563},{"text":"ماتَ، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ على أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بَعدَ عَونِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، فوَلَدَت له جاريَةً يُقالُ لَها بثنةُ (^١)، نُعِشَت (^٢) مِن مَكَّةَ إلَى المَدينَةِ على سَريرٍ، فلَمّا قَدِمَتِ المَدينَةَ توُفّيَت، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ على أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بَعدَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَونِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفرٍ، فلَم تَلِدْ له شَيئًا حَتَّى ماتَت عِندَه. وتَزَوَّجَت خَديجَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدٍ - ﵂ - قَبلَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلَينِ؛ الأوَّلُ مِنهُما عَتيقُ بن عائذِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ، فوَلَدَت له جاريَةً فهِيَ أُمُّ محمدِ بنِ صَيفِيٍّ المَخزومِي، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ على خَديجَةَ بنتِ خوَيلِدٍ بَعدَ عَتيقِ بنِ عائذٍ أبو هالَةَ التَّميمِيُّ، وهو مِن بَنِي أسدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ تَميمٍ، فوَلَدَت له هِندًا، وتوُفِّيَت خَديجَةُ بمَكَّةَ قَبلَ خُروجِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَدينَةِ وقَبلَ أن تُفرَضَ الصلاةُ، وكانَت أوَّلَ مَن آمَنَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ النِّساء، فزَعَموا - واللهُ أعلَمُ - أنَّه سُئلَ عَنها فقالَ: \"لَها بَيتٌ مِن قَصَبِ اللُّؤلُؤَ، لا صَخَبَ فيه ولا نَصَبَ\". ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عائشةَ - ﵂ - بَعدَ خَديجَةَ، وكانَ قَد أُرِيَ في النَّومِ مَرَّتَينَ يُقالُ: هِيَ امرأَتُكَ - وعائشَةُ يَومَئذٍ بنتُ سِتِّ سِنينَ - فنَكَحَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ وهِيَ ابنَةُ سِتِّ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَنَى بعائشَةَ - ﵂ - بَعدَما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ، وعائشَةُ يَومَ بَنَى بها بنتُ تِسعِ سِنينَ، وعائشَةُ بنتُ أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي قُحافَةَ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ كَعبِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ تَيمِ بنِ مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، فتَزَوَّجَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بِكرًا، واسمُ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - عَتيقٌ، واسمُ أبي قُحافَةَ عثمانُ. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٧، وحاشية الأصل، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٦٤٠: \"بثينة\".\n(^٢) في س، والمهذب: \"بعثت\".","vol":"13","page":564},{"text":"حَفصَةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بنِ نُفَيلِ بنِ عبد العُزَّى بنِ رِياحِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُرطِ بنِ رَزاحِ بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، كانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ ابنِ حُذافَةَ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ حُذافَةَ بنِ سَهمِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ هُصيصِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِب، ماتَ عَنها مَوتًا، وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُمَّ سلمةَ، واسمُها هِندُ بنتُ أبي أُمَيَّةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ، كانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ أبي سلمةَ، واسمُه عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عبد الأسَدِ بنِ هِلالِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ، فوَلَدَت لأبِي سلمةَ سَلَمَةَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، وُلِدَ بأَرضِ الحَبَشَة، وزَينَبَ بنتَ أبي سلمةَ، وكانَ أبو سلمةَ وأُمُّ سلمةَ مِمَّن هاجَرَ إلَى أرضِ الحَبَشَة، وكانَت أُمُّ سلمةَ مِن آخِرِ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وفاةً بَعدَه، ودُرَّةَ بنتَ أبي سلمةَ، وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَودَةَ بنتَ زَمعَةَ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ عبد شَمسِ بنِ عبد وُدِّ بنِ نَصرِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ حِسلِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، كانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ السَّكرانِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عبد شَمسِ بنِ عبد وُدِّ بنِ نَصرِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ حِسلِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ أبي سُفيانَ بنِ حَربِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ عبد شَمسِ بنِ عبد مَنافِ بنِ قُصَيِّ بنِ كِلابِ بنِ مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، وكانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَحشِ بنِ رِئابٍ مِن بَنِي أسَدِ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، ماتَ بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ نَصرانيًّا، وكانَت مَعَه بأَرضِ الحَبَشَة، فوَلَدَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ لِعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَحشٍ جاريَةً يُقالُ لَها حَبيبَةُ، واسمُ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ رَملَةُ، أنكَحَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ -؛ مِن أجلِ أنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ أُمُّها","vol":"13","page":565},{"text":"صَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبي العاص، وصَفيَّةَ عَمَّةُ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - أُختُ عَفَّانَ لأبيه وأُمِّه. وقَدِمَ بأُمِّ حَبيبَةَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شُرَحبيلُ ابنُ حَسَنَةَ. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ بنتَ جَحشِ بنِ رِئابٍ مِن بَنى أسَدِ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، وأُمُّها اسمُها أميمةُ بنتُ عبد المُطَّلِبِ بنِ هاشِمٍ عَمَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ الكَلبِيِّ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ ﷿ في القُرآن، اسمَه وشأنَه وشأَنَ زَوجِه، وهِيَ أوَّلُ نِساءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وفاةً بَعدَه، وهِيَ أوَّلُ امرأَةٍ جُعِلَ عَلَيها النَّعشُ، جَعَلَته لَها أسماءُ بنتُ عُمَيسٍ الخَثعَميَّةُ أُمُّ عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، كانَت بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ فرأَتهُم يَصنَعونَ النَّعشَ فصنَعَته لِزَينَبَ يَومَ توُفِّيَت. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ بنتَ خُزَيمَةَ، وهِيَ أُمُّ المَساكين، وهِيَ مِن بَنى عبد مَنافِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ - وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ: ابنِ هِلالِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ صَعصعَةَ - كانَت قَبلَه تَحتَ عبد اللهِ بنِ جَحشِ بنِ رِئابٍ، قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فتوُفِّيَت ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَيٌّ لَم تَلبَثْ مَعَه إلَّا يَسيرًا. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَيمونَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ بنِ حَزنِ بنِ بُجَيرِ بنِ الهُزَمِ بنِ روَيبَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ هِلالِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ، وهِيَ التي وهَبَت نَفسَها لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، تَزَوَّجَت قَبلَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلَينِ؛ الأَوَّلُ مِنهُما ابنُ عبد ياليلَ بنِ عمرٍو الثَّقَفِيُّ ماتَ عَنها، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيها أبو رُهمِ ابنُ عبد العُزَّى بنِ أبي قَيسِ بنِ عبد وُدِّ بنِ نَصرِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ حِسلِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيِّ بنِ غالِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ. وسَبَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جوَيريَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ بنِ أبي ضِرارِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عائذِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ المُصطَلِقِ مِن خُزاعَةَ والمُصطَلِقُ اسمُه","vol":"13","page":566},{"text":"خُزَيمَةُ - يَومَ واقَعَ بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ بالمُرَيسيعِ. وسَبَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - صفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَيِّ بنِ أخطَبَ مِن بَنِي النَّضيرِ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وهِيَ عَروسٌ بكِنانَةَ بنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ. فهَذِه إحدَى عَشرَةَ امرأَةً دَخَلَ بهِنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وقَسَمَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - في خِلافَتِه لِنِساءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا لِكُلِّ امرأَةٍ، وقَسَمَ لِجوَيريَةَ وصَفيَّةَ سِتَّةَ آلافٍ لأنَّهُما كانَتا سبيًا، وقَد كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَسَمَ لَهُما وحَجَبَهما. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - العاليَةَ بنتَ ظَبيانَ بنِ عمرٍو مِن بَنِي أبي بكرِ بنِ كِلابٍ، ولَم يَدخُلْ بها فطَلَّقَها. وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ: فدَخَلَ بها فطَلَّقَها (^١).\n\n١٣٥٥٤ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ورَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنها قالَت: دَخَلَ الضَّحَّاكُ بن سُفيانَ مِن بَنِي أبي بكرِ بنِ كِلابٍ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ له وبَينِي وبَينَهُما الحِجابُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، هَل لَكَ في أُختِ أُمِّ شَبيبٍ؟ وأُمُّ شَبيبٍ امرأَةُ الضَّحّاكِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ: فدَلَّ الضَّحَّاكُ بن سُفيانَ - مِن بَنِي أبي بكرِ بنِ كِلابٍ - عَلَيها رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِيَ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - امرأَةً مِن بَنِي عمرِو بنِ كِلابٍ إخوَةِ أبي بكرِ بنِ كِلابٍ؛ رَهطِ زُفَرَ بنِ الحارِث، فرأَى بها بَياضًا فطَلَّقَها ولَم يَدخُلْ بها. وتَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُختَ بَنِي الجَونِ الكِندِيِّ - وهُم حُلَفاءُ بَنِي فزارَةَ - فاستَعاذَت مِنه، فقالَ: \"لَقَد عُذتِ بعَظيمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨٢ - ٢٨٦. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٣/ ١٧٧ - ١٨٣ من طريق المصنّف وغيره بنحوه. والآجرى في الشريعة (١٦٨٠) من طريق يعقوب بن سفيان به ببعضه.","vol":"13","page":567},{"text":"فالحقِي بأَهلِكِ\". فطَلَّقَها ولَم يَدخُلْ بها. وكانَت له سُرِّيَّةٌ قِبطيةٌ يُقالُ لَها: ماريَةُ، فوَلَدَت له غُلامًا اسمُه إبراهيمُ، فتوُفِّيَ وقَد مَلأ المَهدَ. وكانَت له وليدَةٌ يُقالُ لَها: رَيحانَةُ بنتُ شَمعونَ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ مِن بَنِي خُنافَةَ، وهُم بَطنٌ مِن بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ، فأَعتَقَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ويَزعُمونَ أنَّها قَدِ احتَجَبَت (^١).\n\n١٣٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أصبَغُ بن فرَجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أنَّ العاليَةَ بنتَ ظَبيانَ التي طَلَّقَها تَزَوَّجَت قَبل أن يُحَرِّمَ اللهُ نِساءَه، فنَكَحتِ ابنَ عَمٍّ لَها ووَلَدَت فيهِم (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وقَد كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَ أسماءَ بنتَ كَعبٍ الجَونيَّةَ فلَم يَدخُلْ بها حَتَّى طَلَّقَها، وتَزَوَّجَ عَمْرَةَ بنتَ زَيدٍ إحدَى نِساءِ بَنِي كِلابٍ ثُمَّ بَنِي الوَحيد، وكانَت قَبلَه عِندَ الفَضلِ بنِ عباسِ بنِ عبد المُطلِب، فطَلَّقَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها. فسَمَّى اللَّتَينِ لَم يُسَمِّهِما الزُّهرِيُّ، ولَم يَذكُرِ العاليَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨٦، ٢٨٧. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٣/ ١٨٤ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٥٨٨) من طريق يونس عن الزهري عن أبي أمامة عن أبيه في ذكر زوجات النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. وقال عقبه: وبلغنا ... إلخ. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٩/ ٢٥٣: رواه الطبراني عن شيخه القاسم بن عبد الله الأخميمى وهو ضعيف وقد وثق وبقية رجاله ثقات. وقد رواه مرّة باختصار موقوفًا على يحيى بن أبي كثير ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٨٧. وابن إسحاق في السيرة (٣٩٧).","vol":"13","page":568},{"text":"١٣٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا نَصرٍ أحمدَ بنَ سَهلٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ صالِحَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ أبانٍ الجُعفِيَّ يقولُ: قال لِي خالِي حُسَينٌ الجُعفِيُّ: يا بُنَيَّ تَدرِي لِمَ سُمِّيَ عثمانُ ذو النُّورَينِ؟ قُلتُ: لا أدرِي. قال: لَم يَجمَعْ بَينَ ابنَتَى نَبِيٍّ، مُنذُ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إلَى أن تَقومَ السَّاعَةُ، غيرُ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -؛ فلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ ذو النُّورَينِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: وإِنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمّ سلمةَ تَزَوَّجت - يَعنِي عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زَمعَةَ - وإِنَّ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ تَزَوَّجَ أسماءَ بنتَ أبي بكرٍ، وإِنَّ طَلحَةَ تَزَوَّج ابنَتَه الأُخرَي، وهُما أُختا أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ تَزَوَّجَ بنتَ جَحشٍ، وهِيَ أُختُ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ زَينَبَ - يَعنِي ابنَةَ جَحشٍ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ جَحشٍ - وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ في الأحاديثِ (^٢).\nوفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - صِرنَ أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ، ولَم تَصرْ بَناتُهُنَّ أخَواتِهِم، ولا أخَواتُهُنَّ خالاتِهِم، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2965>بابُ قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿يَانِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٢]</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ ﷿: فأَبانَهُنَّ به مِن نِساءِ العالَمينَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإمامُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المعرفة (٢٣٩) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر بن أبان به.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٤١.","vol":"13","page":569},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن الحَسَنِ السَّقَطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن ثابِتٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، عن الهُذَيل، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ: قال يَعنِي اللَّهَ ﷿: فإِنَّكُنَّ مَعشَرَ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَنظُرنَ إلَى الوَحي؛ فأَنتُنَّ أحَقُّ النَّاسِ بالتَّقوَى. وقالَ قَبلَه: ﴿يَانِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ مَنْ يَأْتِ مِنْكُنَّ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ قال مُقاتِلٌ: يَعنِي العِصيانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ﴿يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ﴾ في الآخِرَةِ ﴿وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٠] يقولُ: وكانَ عَذابُها على اللهِ هَيِّنًا ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْنُتْ مِنْكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ يَعنِي: ومَن يُطِعْ مِنكُنَّ اللهَ ورسولَه ﴿وَتَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا نُؤْتِهَا أَجْرَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ﴾ في الآخِرَةِ بكُل صَلاةٍ أو صيامٍ أو صَدَقَةٍ أو تَكبيرَةٍ أو تَسبيحَةٍ باللِّسانِ؛ مَكانَ كُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ تُكتَبُ عِشرينَ حَسَنَةً ﴿وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهَا رِزْقًا كَرِيمًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣١] يَعنِي حَسَنًا، وهِيَ الجَنَّةُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2966>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في سِوَى ما وصَفنا مِن خَصائصِه مِنَ الحُكمِ بَينَ الأزواجِ فيما يَحِلُّ مِنهُنَّ ويَحرُمُ بالحادِث، لا يُخالِفُ حَلالُه حَلالَ النَّاسِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فمِن ذَلِكَ أنَّه كان يَقسِمُ لِنِسائهِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مقاتل ٣/ ٤٤، ٤٥.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٤٢.","vol":"13","page":570},{"text":"عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: حَضَرنا مَعَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - جِنَازَةَ مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بسَرِفَ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: هذه مَيمونَةُ - ﵂ -، إذا رَفَعتُم نَعشَها فلا تُزَعزِعوا ولا تُزَلزِلوا، ارفُقوا فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان عِندَه تِسعُ نِسوَةٍ يَقسِمُ لِثَمانٍ، وواحِدَةٌ لَم يَكُن يَقسِمُ لَها. قال عَطاءٌ: والَّتِي لَم يَكُنْ يَقسِمُ لَها صَفيَّةُ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\nهَكَذا يقولُ عَطاءٌ: إنَّ التي لَم يَقسِمْ لَها صَفيَّةُ. والأخبارُ المَوصولَةُ تَدُلُّ على أنَّها سَودَةُ حَيثُ وهَبَت يَومَها مِن عائشةَ - ﵂ -.\n\n١٣٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَسأَلُ في مَرَضِه الَّذِي ماتَ فيه: \"أينَ أنا غَدًا؛ أينَ أنا غَدًا؟ \". يُريدُ يَومَ عائشةَ، فأَذِنَ له أزواجُه يَكونُ حَيثُ شاءَ، فكانَ في بَيتِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - حَتَّى ماتَ عِندَها - ﷺ -، قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فماتَ في اليَومِ الَّذِي كان يَدورُ عليّ في بَيتي، فقُبِضَ وإِنَّ رأسَه لَبَينَ سَحرِي ونَحرِي، وخالَطَ ريقُه ريقِي. قالَت: دَخَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي بكرٍ ومَعَه سِواكٌ يَستَنُّ به، فنَظَرَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقُلتُ له: أعطِنِي هَذا السِّواكَ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ. فأَعطانيه،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٩٣١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٦٧)، ومسلم (١٤٦٥).","vol":"13","page":571},{"text":"فقَضَمتُه ثُمَّ مَضَغتُه، فأَعطَيتُه رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فاستَنَّ به وهو مُستَنِدٌ إلَى صَدرِي - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشرانَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن عليِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بن عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِم الأحوَلُ، عن مُعاذَةَ العَدَويَّة، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستأذِنُنا في يَومِ إحدانا بَعدَما أُنزِلَت: ﴿تُرْجِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥١] فقالَت لَها مُعاذَةُ: فما كُنتِ تَقولينَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا استأذَنَ؟ قالَت: أقولُ: إن كان ذاكَ إلَيَّ لَم أوثِرْ على نَفسِي أحَدًا (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ عن عَبَّادِ بن عَبَّادٍ (^٤).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: وكانَ إذا أرادَ سَفَرًا أقرَعَ بَينَهُنَّ فأَيّتهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهمُها خَرَج بها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٣/ ٨٤). وعند مسلم مختصر.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٣٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠٦) من طريق عباد به. وأحمد (٢٤٤٧٦) من طريق عاصم الأحول به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٧٨٩)، ومسلم (١٤٧٦/ ٢٣).\n(^٥) الأم ٥/ ١٤٢.","vol":"13","page":572},{"text":"١٣٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الشَّهيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ العَتَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيحُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ وعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ورَضِيَ عَنها قالَت: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يَخرُجَ سَفَرًا أقرَعَ بَينَ أزواجِه فأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهمُها خَرَجَ بها مَعَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: فهَذا لِكُلِّ مَن له أزواجٌ مِنَ النّاسِ. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى عنه: ومِن ذَلِكَ أنَّه أرادَ فِراقَ سَودَةَ فقالَت: لا تُفارِقْنِي ودَعْنِي حَتَّى يَحشُرَنِي اللهُ ﷿ في أزواجِكَ، وأَنا أهَبُ يَومِي ولَيلَتِي لأُختِي عائشَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما رأَيتُ امرأةً في مِسلاخِها (^٤) مِثلَ سَودَةَ مِنِ امرأَةٍ فيها\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في السنن الصغرى (٢٦٢١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٠٩٩) من طريق أبي الربيع به مطولًا.\nوأحمد (٢٥٦٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٣١) من طريق الزهري به، وسيأتي (١٤٨٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٦١)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٤٢.\n(^٤) مِسلاخها: بكسر الميم أي جلدها. والمراد أنَّها تمنت أن تكون في مثل هديها وطريقتها. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٨٩.","vol":"13","page":573},{"text":"حِدَّةٌ، فلَمَّا كَبِرَت قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ جَعَلتُ يَومِي مِنكَ لِعائشَةَ. فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقسِمُ لِعائشَةَ يَومَينِ؛ يَومَها ويَومَ سَودَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريِرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مُختَصَرًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ\" عن أبيه قال: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: يا ابنَ أُختي، كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يُفَضِّلُ بَعضنا على بَعضٍ في القَسمِ مِن مُكثِه عِندَنا، وكانَ قَلَّ يَومٌ إلَّا وهو يَطوفُ عَلَينا جَميعًا، فيَدنو مِن كُلِّ امراةٍ مِن غَيرِ مَسيسٍ، حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الَّذِي هو يَومُها فيَبيتَ (^٣) عِندَها، ولَقَد قالَت سَودَةُ بنتُ زَمعَةَ حينَ أسَنَّت وفَرِقَت أن يُفارِقَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: يا رسولَ اللهِ يَومِي لِعائشَةَ. فقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنها. قال: تَقولُ في ذَلِكَ: أنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى وفِي أشباهِها. أُراه قال: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَو إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا﴾ الآيَة (^٤) [النساء: ١٢٨].\n_________\n(^١) مسند إسحاق (٧١٢)، وعنه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٣٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٢١١) من طريق جرير بنحوه. وانظر ما سيأتي في (١٤٨٥٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٦٣/ ٤٧)، والبخارى (٥٢١٢).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فيثبت\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٣٧٥)، وأبو داود (٢١٣٥). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٦٠ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به بنحوه. وأحمد (٢٤٧٦٥)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣١ (٨١) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد مختصرًا. وفي الطبراني: \"ابن أبي زياد\". وهو على الصواب في الأوسط (٥٢٥٤). وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٤٨٥٢). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٦٨): حسن صحيح.","vol":"13","page":574},{"text":"١٣٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طَلَّقَ سَودَةَ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ أمسَكَت بثَوبِه فقالَت: ما لِي في الرِّجالِ [حاجَةٌ، لَكِنِّي] (^١) أُريدُ أن أُحشَرَ في أزواجِكَ. قال: فرَجَعَها وجَعَلَ يَومَها لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فكانَ يَقسِمُ لَها بيَومِها ويَومِ سَودَةَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد فعَلَتِ ابنَةُ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ شَبيهًا بهَذا حينَ أرادَ زَوجُها طَلاقَها (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كانَتِ ابنَةُ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ عِندَ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، فكَرِهَ مِنها إمّا كِبَرًا وإِمّا غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، فأَرادَ طَلاقَها، فقالَت: لا تُطَلِّقْنِي وأَمسِكْنِي واقسِمْ لِي ما شِئتَ. فاصطَلَحا على صلحٍ، فجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بذَلِكَ، ونَزَلَ القُرآنُ ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَو إِعْرَاضًا﴾ (^٣) [النساء: ١٢٨].\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"من حاجة ولكنى\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة ٥/ ٢١٧، والأم ٥/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) المصنّف في السنن الصغرى (٢٦١١)، وجزء سعدان (١٥١)، والشافعى في المسند ٢/ ٥٤ (٨٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٦١٠)، وإسحاق (٧١١) عن ابن عيينة بنحوه.","vol":"13","page":575},{"text":"١٣٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمّ حَبيبَةَ بنتِ أبي سُفيانَ - ﵂ - قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، هَل لَكَ في أُختِي بنتِ أبي سُفيانَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فاعِلٌ ماذا؟ \". قالَت: تَنكحُها. قال: \"أُختُكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أوَ تُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم، لَستُ لَكَ بمُخليَةٍ، وأَحَبُّ مَن شَرِكَنِي في خَيرٍ أُختِي. قال: \"فإنَّها لا تَحِلُّ لِي\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: فواللَّهِ لَقَد أُخبِرتُ أنَّكَ تَخطُبُ ابنَةَ أبي سلمةَ. قال: \"ابنَةَ أُمِّ سلمةَ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فواللهِ لَو لَم تَكُن رَبيبَتِي في حَجرِي ما حَلَّت لِي؛ إنَّها لابنَة أخِي مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ؛ أرضَعَتنِي وأَباها ثوَيبَةُ، فلا تَعرِضنَ عليّ بَناتِكُنَّ ولا أخَواتِكنَّ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ والزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِي، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، ما لَكَ تَتُوقُ في قُرَيشٍ وتَدَعُنا؟ قال: \"وعِندَكُم شَيْءٌ؟ \". قالَ: قُلنا: نَعَم، ابنَةُ حَمزَةَ. قال: فقالَ: \"إنَّها لا تَحِلُّ لِي؛\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٠٤٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٤)، والنسائي (٣٢٨٧)، وابن ماجة عقب (١٩٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤١١٠) من طريق هشام بن عروة به بنحوه. وسيأتي في (١٤٠٣٨، ١٤٠٣٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٠٦، ٥١٠٧)، ومسلم (١٤٤٩/ ١٤ - ١٦).","vol":"13","page":576},{"text":"هِيَ ابنَةُ أخِي مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2967>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّه - ﷺ - لا يُقتَدَى به فيما خُصَّ به ويُقتَدَى به فيما سِواهُ</span>\n\n١٣٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَني ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ أنَّ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيَّ حَدَّثَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - أن يُصلِّيَ بالنّاسِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فمَكَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَكانَه، وجَلَسَ إلَى جَنبِ الحُجَرِ يُحَذِّرُ الفِتَنَ، وقالَ: \"إنِّي واللَّهِ لا يُمسِكُ النّاسُ عليّ بشَئٍ، ألا إنِّي لا أُحِلُّ إلَّا ما أحَلَّ اللَّهُ في كِتابِه، ولا أُحَرِّمُ إلَّا ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ في كِتَابِه\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ بإِسنادِه - يَعنِي عن طاوُس - أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُمسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٢٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٠)، والنسائي (٣٣٠٤) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسيأتي في (١٥٧١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٤٦/ ١١).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (١٠٧٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٨٠. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٢/ ٢١٦ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به مطولًا.","vol":"13","page":577},{"text":"عليّ بشَيءٍ، وإنِّي لا أُحِلُّ لَهُم إلَّا ما أحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُم، ولا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيهِم إلَّا ما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ\" (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ولَو ثَبَتَ فبَيِّنٌ فيه أنَّه على ما وصَفتُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى، قال: \"لا يُمسِكَنَّ النّاسُ عليّ\". ولَم يَقُل: لا يُمسِكوا عَنِّي. بَل قَد أمَرَ بأَن يُمسَكَ عنه، وأَمَرَ اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه بذَلِكَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي النَّضر، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا أُلفِيَنَّ أحَدَكُم مُتَّكِئًا على أريكَتِه يأتيه الأمرُ مِمَّا أمَرتُ به أو نَهَيتُ عنه فيَقولُ: لا أدرِي، ما وجَدنا في كِتابِ اللَّهِ اتَّبَعناه\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فقَد أمَرَ باتَّباعِ ما أمَرَ به واجتِنابِ ما نَهَى عنه، وفَرَضَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ في كِتابِه على خَلقِه، وما في أيدِي النّاسِ مِن هَذا إلَّا ما تَمَسَّكوا به عن الله، ثُمَّ عن رسولِه - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ عن دَلالَتِه، ولَكِن قَولُه إن كان قالَه: \"لا يُمسِكَنَّ النَّاسُ عليّ بشَيءٍ\". يَدُلُّ على أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - إذا كان بمَوضِعِ القُدوَةِ فقَد كانَت له خَواصُّ أُبيحَ له فيها ما لَم يُبَحْ لِلناس، وحَرُمَ عَلَيه فيها ما لَم يَحرُمْ على النّاسِ فقالَ: لا يُمسِكَنَّ النّاسُ عليّ بشَيءٍ مِنَ الَّذِي لِي أو عليّ دونَهُم، فإِن كان مِمَّا عليّ ولِي دونَهُم فلا يُمسِكُنَّ به. وذَلِكَ مِثلُ أنَّ اللهَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٧/ ٢٨٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٧٦٦) من طريق ابن طاوس عن أبيه به.\n(^٢) الشافعي ٧/ ١٥، ٢٨٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٧٦) - وعنه أبو داود (٤٦٠٥) - وابن ماجة (١٣) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٤٩).","vol":"13","page":578},{"text":"جلَّ ثناؤُه أحَلَّ له مِن عَدَدِ النِّساءِ ما شاءَ، وأَن يَستَنكِحَ المَرأَةَ إذا وهَبَت نَفسَها له، وقالَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]، فلَم يَكُنْ لأحَدٍ أن يَقولَ: قَد جَمَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ أكثَرَ مِن أربَعٍ، ونَكَحَ امرأةً بغَيرِ مَهرٍ، وأَخَذَ صَفيًّا مِنَ المَغنَم، وكانَ له خُمُسُ الخُمُس، فلا يَكونُ ذَلِكَ لِلمُؤمِنينَ بَعدَه ولا لِوُلاتِهِم كما يَكونُ له؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ قَد بَيَّنَ في كِتابِه وعَلَى لِسانِ رسولِه - ﷺ - أنَّ ذَلِكَ له دونَهُم، وفَرَضَ اللَّهُ أن يُخَيِّرَ أزواجَه في المُقامِ مَعَه أوِ الفِراق، فلَم يَكُنْ لأحَدٍ أن يَقولَ: عليّ أن أُخَيِّرَ امرأَتِي على ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلى رسولِه - ﷺ -. وهَذا مَعنَى قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إن كان قاله: \"لا يُمسِكَنَّ النّاسُ عَليَّ بشَئٍ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما تَوَقَّفَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في صِحَّةِ الخَبَرِ فقالَ: إن كان قالَه. لأنَّ الحديثَ مُرسَلٌ، ولَيسَ مَعَه ما يُؤَكِّدُه، إلَّا أن يكونَ مَحمولًا على ما قالَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀، فيَكونَ واضِحًا ولِلأُصولِ موافِقًا.\n\n١٣٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن صالِحٍ أنَّ مُعاويَةَ بنَ صالِحٍ أخبَرَه قال: حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن جابِرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ المِقدامَ بنَ مَعديكَرِبَ الكِندِيَّ صاحِبَ النَّبِيّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: حَرَّمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أشياءَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، مِنها الحِمارُ الأهلِيُّ وغَيرُه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يوشِكُ أن يَقعُدَ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُم\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"13","page":579},{"text":"على أريكَتِه يُحَدَّثُ بحَديثي فيقولُ: بَينِي وبَينَكُم كِتَابُ اللَّه، فما وجَدنا فيه حَلالًا استَحللناه، ومما وجَدنا فيه حَرامًا حَرَّمناه. وإِنَّ ما حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷿\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن المُطلِب، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما تَرَكتُ شَيْئًا مِمّا أمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ به إلَّا وقَد أمَرتُكُم به، ولا تَرَكتُ شَيئًا مِمَّا نَهاكُمُ اللَّهُ عنه إلَّا وقَد نَهَيتُكُم عنه\" (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فما لَم يَكُنْ فيه وحيٌّ فقَد فرَضَ اللهُ في الوَحي اتِّباعَ سُنَّتِه، فمَن قَبِلَ عنه فإِنَّما قَبِلَ بفَرضِ اللهِ ﷿ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٢٠٩. وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٩٤)، وابن ماجة (١٢) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٩٤)، والترمذي (٢٦٦٤) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٤٧: إسناده صالح.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٢٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٨٩، ٢٩٩.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"13","page":580},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2968>جماعُ أبوابِ التَّرغيبِ في النِّكَاحِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2969>بابُ الرَّغْبةِ في النِّكَاحِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَجَعَلَ (^١) مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْهَا﴾ [الأعراف: ١٨٩].\nوقالَ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً﴾ [النحل: ٧٢].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فقيلَ: إنَّ الحَفَدَةَ الأصهارُ. وقالَ: ﴿فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا﴾ (^٢) [الفرقان: ٥٤].\n\n١٣٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي بن شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنِي شَيبانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجود، أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ الأسَدِيِّ قال: قال لِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسعودٍ: ما الحَفَدَةُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: ولَدُ الرَّجُلِ. قال: لا ولَكِنَّه الأَختانُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٧٤ - ورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عاصِمٍ فقالَ: لا، هُمُ الأصهارُ. أخبَرنَا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"وخلق\".\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٩٦، ٢٩٧، والطبرانى (٩٠٨٩، ٩٠٩٠، ٩٠٩٢، ٩٠٩٣) من طرق عن عاصم به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٧/ ٤٨: وفيه عاصم بن أبي النجود وهو حسن الحديث وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١٢٣٢ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٠٩١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره =","vol":"13","page":581},{"text":"١٣٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ الصَّباحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: كُنتُ أمشِي مَعَ عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - فلَقِيَه عثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - بمِنًى فجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُه، فقالَ له عثمانُ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَن، ألا نُزَوِّجُكَ جاريَةً شابَّةً لَعَلَّها تُذَكِّرُكَ بَعضَ ما مَضَى مِن زَمانِكَ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: أما لَئن قُلتَ ذاكَ لَقَد قال لَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا مَعشَرَ الشَّباب، مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُمُ الباءَةَ فليَتَزَوَّجْ؛ فإنَّه أغَضُّ لِلبَصَر، وَأَحصَنُ لِلفَرج، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ فعَلَيه بالصَّومِ؛ فإنَّ الصَّومَ لَهُ وِجاءٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: دَخَلنا على عبد اللَّهِ وعِندَه عَلقَمَةُ والأسوَدُ فحَدَّثَ بحَديثٍ لا أُراه حَدَّثَ به إلَّا مِن أجلِي، كُنتُ أحدَثَ القَومِ سِنًّا فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ - ﵁ -: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَبابًا لا نَجِدُ شَيئًا فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ الشَّباب، مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُمُ\n_________\n= ١/ ٣٥٨، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٩٨ من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٠)، وفي الشعب (٥٤٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٩٢)، والنسائي (٣٢١١) من طريق أبي معاوية به، وأبو داود (٢٠٤٦)، وابن ماجة (١٨٤٥)، وابن حبان (٤٠٢٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١/ ١٤٠٠)، والبخاري (٥٠٦٥).","vol":"13","page":582},{"text":"الباءَةَ فليتَزَوَّجْ؛ فإِنَّه أغَضُّ لِلبَصَرِ وأَحصَنُ لِلفَرج، ومَن لَم يَستَطِعْ مِنكُمُ الباءَةَ فعَلَيه بالصَّومِ؛ فإِنَّه له وِجَاءٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسًا - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ ثَلاثَةُ رَهطٍ إلَى أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَسأَلونَ عن عِبادَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا أُخبِروا بها كأَنَّهُم تَقالُّوها، فقالوا: وأَينَ نَحنُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وقَد غَفَرَ اللَّهُ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه وما تأَخَّرَ؟ فقالَ أحَدُهُم: أمّا أنا فأُصَلِّي اللَّيلَ أبَدًا. وقالَ الآخَرُ: إنِّي أصومُ الدَّهرَ فلا أُفطِرُ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: أنا أعتَزِلُ النِّساءَ ولا أتَزَوَّجُ أبَدًا. فجاءَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إلَيهِم فقالَ: \"أنتُمُ الَّذينَ قُلتُم كَذا وكَذا؟ أما إنِّي لأخشاكُم للهِ ﷿ وأَتقاكُم له، لَكِنِّي أصومُ وأُفطِرُ، وأُصَلِّي وأَرقُدُ، وأَتَزَوَّجُ النِّساءَ، فمَن رَغِبَ عن سُنَّتِي فلَيسَ مِنِّي\" (^٣).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n\n١٣٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حَدَّثَنَا أسوَدُ بن عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٣٥)، والترمذي عقب (١٠٨١) من طريق ابن نمير به. والنسائي (٢٢٣٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٦٦)، ومسلم (١٤٠٠/ ٣).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٣٣١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٦٣)، ومسلم (١٤٠١/ ٥).","vol":"13","page":583},{"text":"حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عثمانَ اللاحِقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، أخبرَنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - سأَلوا أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن سَريرَتِه، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: لا أتَزَوَّجُ النِّساءَ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لا آكُلُ اللَّحمَ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: لا أنامُ على فِراشٍ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: أصومُ ولا أُفطِرُ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقامَ وحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ قالوا كَذا وكَذا\" لَكِنِّي أُصَلِّي وأَنامُ، وأَصومُ وأُفطِرُ، وَأَتَزَوَّجُ النِّساءَ، فمَن رَغِبَ عن سُنَّتِي فلَيسَ مِنِّي\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عثمانَ. وحَديثُ الرُّوذبارِيِّ مُختَصَرٌ لَيسَ فيه حِكايَةُ أقوالِهِم. أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمَّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن اللَّيث، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَكَم، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن رَقَبَةَ، عن طَلحَةَ الإيامِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قال لِي عبدُ اللهِ بن عباسٍ - ﵄ -: تَزَوَّجْ، فإِنَّ خَيرَنا كان أكثَرَنا نِساءً. يَعنِي النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٢٧) عن أسود بن عامر به. والنسائي (٣٢١٧)، وابن حبان (١٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠١/ ٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٠٧) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٦٩).","vol":"13","page":584},{"text":"١٣٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أحَبَّ فِطرَتِي فليَستَنَّ بسُنَّتِي، ومِن سُنَّتِي النِّكاحُ\" (^١).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي حُرَّةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما رأَيتُ لِلمُتَحابَّينِ مِثلَ النِّكاحِ\". وهَذا مُرسَلٌ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٨٢ - وقَد رَواه محمدُ بن مُسلِم الطّائفِيُّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لَم يَرَوا لِلمُتَحابَّينِ (^٤) مِثلَ التَّزَوُّجِ\". أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ إملاءً وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٢)، وفي المعرفة (٤٠٥٢) وقال: هذا مرسل. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٧٨) عن ابن جريجٍ به. وسعيد بن منصور (٤٨٧)، وأبو يعلى (٢٧٤٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن ميسرة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٢٥٢: ورجاله ثقات إن كان عبيد بن سعد صحابي (كذا في المطبوع، والصواب: صحابيًا) وإلا فهو مرسل. ورجح ابن حجر كونه تابعيًا. الإصابة ٧/ ٣٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٤٩، وابن عساكر ٦١/ ٢٣٩ من طريق أبي حرة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٦١٤٧) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. وأبو يعلى (٢٧٤٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن ميسرة به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"في الله\".","vol":"13","page":585},{"text":"محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ التِّنّيسِيُّ أبو محمدٍ أخبرَنا محمدُ بن مُسلِمٍ الطَّائفِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٣٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى الهِلالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ (ح) وأخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَيِّنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الجَعدِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَلَّامٌ أبو المُنذِر، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّما حُبِّبَ إلَيَّ مِن دُنياكُمُ النِّساءُ والطِّيبُ، وجُعِلَت قُرَّةُ عَينِي في الصَّلاةِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عليّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُبِّبَ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه سَيَّارُ بن حاتِمٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ثَابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٣)، ورَوَى ذَلِكَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الضُّعَفاءِ عن ثابِتٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الإِمامُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَيمونٌ أبو المُغَلِّس، عن أبي نَجيحٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن كان موسِرًا لِأَن يَنكِحَ فلَم يَنكِحْ فلَيسَ مِنَّا\" (^٤). كذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجة (١٨٤٧) من طريق محمد بن مسلم به. وفي مصباح الزجاجة (٦٥٥): هذا إسناد صحيح ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٩٣)، والنسائي (٣٩٤٩) من طريق سلام به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٦٨٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائيّ (٣٩٥٠) من طريق سيار به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦١٣٦)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٠٢) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.","vol":"13","page":586},{"text":"١٣٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الضَّحّاكُ بن مَخلَدٍ أبو عاصِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ كُلُّهُم حَقٌّ على اللهِ عَونُه، المُجاهِدُ في سَبيلِ الله، والنَّاكِحُ يريدُ العَفافَ، والمُكاتَبُ يريدُ الأداءَ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الرَّحيمِ (^٢) الثَّقَفِيُّ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن ثابِتٍ البَصرِيُّ، عن أبي غالِب، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَزَوَّجوا، فَإِنِّي مُكاثِرٌ بكُمُ الأُمَمَ (^٣)، ولا تَكونوا كَرَهبانيَّةِ النَّصارَى\" (^٤).\nوفِي هَذا أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ في أسانيدِها ضعفٌ، وفيما ذَكَرناه غُنيَةٌ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن ماتَ له ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ لَم تَمَسَّه النّارُ\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٥٨٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٦٣١)، والترمذي (١٦٥٥)، والنسائي (٣١٢٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٥١٨) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الرَّحمن\".\n(^٣) بعدها في س، م: \"يوم القيامة\".\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢١٤٧. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٥٠: محمد ضعيف.\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة ٥/ ٢٢٠، والأم ٥/ ١٤٤.","vol":"13","page":587},{"text":"أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ وأبو مُصعَبٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، كِلاهُما عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَموتُ لأحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ثَلَاثةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ فتَمَسَّه النّارُ إلَّا تَحِلَّةَ القَسَمِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: ويُقالُ: إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُرفَعُ بدُعاءِ ولَدِه مِن بَعدِه (^٣).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: وهَذا قَولُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٥٨٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلاليُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ - ﵁ - أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَرفَعُ العَبدَ الدَّرَجَةَ فيقولُ: رَبِّ أنَّى لِي هذه الدَّرَجَةُ؟ فيقولُ: بدُعاءِ ولَدِكَ لَكَ\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بن القاسِم، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية أبي مصعب (٩٨٢)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٣٥. وتقدم في (٧٢١٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٣٢/ ١٥٠).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة ٥/ ٢٢٠، والأم ٥/ ١٤٤.\n(^٤) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف (٤٠٥٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦١٠)، وابن ماجة (٣٦٦٠) من طريق عاصم بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٥٠ إسناده قوى.","vol":"13","page":588},{"text":"محمدُ بن طَلحَةَ، عن الهَجَنَّعِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: واللَّهِ إنِّي لأُكرِهُ نَفسِي على الجِماعِ رَجاءَ أن يُخرِجَ اللَّهُ مِنِّي نَسَمَةً تُسَبِّحُ اللَّهَ (^١).\n\n١٣٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أرادَ ألَّا يَنكِحَ، فقالَت له حَفصَةُ: تَزَوَّجْ، فإِن وُلِدَ لَكَ ولَدٌ فعاشَ مِن بَعدِكَ دَعَوا لَكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2970>بابُ النَّهي عن التَّبَتُّلِ والإِخصاءِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: أرادَ عثمانُ بن مَظعونٍ أن يَتَبَتَّلَ، فنَهاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، ولَو أجازَ له لاختَصَينا (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في العيال (٣٩٢) من طريق محمد بن طلحة، وفيه \"الهجيع\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٠٥٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٤٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٨٨)، وسعيد بن منصور (٥٠٨) عن ابن عيينة بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٤) من طريق ليث به. والبخارى (٥٠٧٣)، والترمذي (١٠٨٣) والنسائي (٣٢١٢)، وابن ماجة (١٨٤٨)، وابن حبان (٤٠٢٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٢/ ٨).","vol":"13","page":589},{"text":"١٣٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بن نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقَّاصٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: لَقَد رَدَّ ذَلِكَ على عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ، ولَو أجازَ له التَّبَتُّلَ لاختَصَينا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ هو ابنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ يقولُ: كُنَّا نَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيسَ لَنا نِساءٌ، فقُلنا: أَلا نَستَخصِي؟ فنَهانا عن ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لَنا أن نَنكِحَ المَرأَةَ بالثَّوب، ثُمَّ قرأَ عَلَينا: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ (^٣) [المائدة: ٨٧].\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٢١٣) عن أبي اليمان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٥٠) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٣٦٥٠)، وابن حبان (١٤٤١) من طريق إسماعيل به. وسيأتي (١٤٢٥٦ - ١٤٢٥٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٠٧٥)، ومسلم (١٤٠٤/ عقب ١١).","vol":"13","page":590},{"text":"١٣٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي رَجُلٌ شابٌّ، وإِنِّي أخافُ على نَفسِي العَنَتَ، ولا أجِدُ ما أتَزَوَّجُ مِنَ النِّساء، فأذَنْ لِي أن أختَصِيَ. قال: فسَكَتَ عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قُلتُ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فسَكَتَ عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قُلتُ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا هريرةَ، قَد جَفَّ القَلَمُ بما أنتَ لاقٍ، فاختَصِ على ذَلِكَ أو دَعْ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ أصبَغُ: أخبرَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللهِ ومنِّه الجزءُ الثالثَ عشرَ ويتلوه الجزءُ الرابعَ عشرَ وأوله: باب استحباب التزوج بذات الدين\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في القدر (١٦). وأخرجه الفريابي في القدر (٣٩٥) من طريق أصبغ به. والنسائي (٣٢١٥) من طريق الأوزاعي عن ابن شهاب به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٧٦).","vol":"13","page":591},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2971>بابُ استِحبابِ التَّزَوُّجِ بذاتِ الدِّينِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ عليّ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيىَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليِّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنى عُبَيدُ اللَّه، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تُنكَحُ النِّساءُ لأربَعٍ؛ لِمالِها ولِحَسَبِها ولِجَمالِها ولِدينِها، فاظفَز بذاتِ الدّينِ تَرِبَت يَداكَ \" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِي، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عبد المَلِك، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ له: \"يا جابِرُ تَزَوَّجتَ؟ \". قالَ: نَعَم. قال: \"بكرًا أم ثَيِّبًا؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) قال عبد الغافر: شيخ مستور ثقة، من أهل الصلاح، توفى بعد الأربعمائة. تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢٢٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٥٢١)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٨٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٠٣٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٠٩٠)، ومسلم (١٤٦٦/ ٥٣).","vol":"14","page":5},{"text":"ثيِّبًا. قال: \"أفَلا بكرًا تُلاعِبُها؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كان لِي أخَواتٌ فخَشِيتُ أن تَدخُلَ بَينِي وبَينَهُنَّ. قال: \"فذاكَ، أمَا إنَّ المَرأَةَ تُنكَحُ عليِّ دينِها ومالِها وجَمالِها، فعَلَيكَ بذاتِ الدِّينِ تَرِبَت يَداكَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيىَ بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَزيدَ المُقريُّ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنِي شُرَحْبيلُ بن شَريكٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إن الدُّنيا كُلَّها مَتاعٌ، وخَيرُ مَتاعِ الدُّنيا المَرأَةُ الصالِحَةُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن المُقرِيءِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٥٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن زيادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٣٧)، والترمذي (١٠٨٦) من طريق إسحاق الأزرق به مختصرًا، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. والنسائي (٣٢٢٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٦٠) من طريق عبد الملك به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ١٠٨٦ (٧١٥/ ٥٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٦)، وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٦٧)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٢)، وابن حبان (٤٠٣١) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وابن ماجه (١٨٥٥) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد (أبي عبد الرحمن الحبلى).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٦٧/ ٦٤).","vol":"14","page":6},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّه، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن زيادٍ (^١)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَزيدَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَنكِحوا النِّساءَ لحُسنِهِنَّ؛ فعَسَى حُسنُهُنَّ أن يُرْدِيَهُنَّ، ولا تَنكِحوا النِّساءَ لأموالِهِنَّ، فعَسَى أموالُهُنّ أن تُطغيَهُنَّ، وانكِحوهُنَّ على الدِّين، فلأمَةٌ سَوداءُ خَرقاءُ ذاتُ دينٍ أفضَلُ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بشرانَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي زَكَريّا ﵀: \"حِرباءُ (^٣) \". واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2972>بابُ استِحبابِ التَّزويجِ بالأبكارِ</span>\n\n١٣٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مُحارِبُ بن دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: تَزَوَّجتُ، فقالَ لي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما تَزَوَّجتَ؟ \". فقُلتُ (^٤): تَزَوَّجتُ ثَيِّبًا. فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ والعَذارَى ولِعابِها؟ \". قال شُعبَةُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، فقالَ عمرُو بن دينارٍ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال لي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فهلَّا جاريَةً تُلاعِبُها وتُلاعِبُكَ؟ \" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ١٠٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٣٢٨)، وابن ماجه (١٨٥٩) من طريق جعفر بن عون به، وعندهما: \"خرماء\". وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٥٢: عبد الرحمن ضعيف. والحديث قال فيه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٠٩): ضعيف جدًّا.\n(^٣) في ص ٧: \" خرماء\".\n(^٤) في م: \"فقال\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٩٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"14","page":7},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ ومُسَدَّدٌ - يَتَقارَبونَ في اللَّفظ، واللَّفظُ لِسُلَيمانَ - قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ - ﵄ - قال: توُفِّي عبدُ اللَّهِ وتَرَكَ سَبعَ بَناتٍ - أو: تِسعَ بَناتٍ - قال جابِرٌ: فتَزَوَّجتُ امرأَةً ثَيِّبًا، فقالَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَزَوَّجتَ يا جابِرُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"بكرًا أو ثَيِّبًا؟ \". قُلتُ: بَل ثَيِّبٌ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فهَلَّا جاريَةً تُلاعِبُها وتُلاعِبُكَ، وتُضاحِكُها وتُضاحِكُكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ توُفِّيَ وتَرَكَ سَبعَ بَناتٍ - أو قال: تِسعَ بَناتٍ - وإنِّي كَرِهتُ أن آتيَهُنَّ بمِثلِهِنَّ؛ فأَحبَبتُ أن آتيَهُنَّ بامرأةٍ تَقومُ عَلَيهِنَّ. فقالَ: \"بارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ\". أو: قال خَيرًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عنْ عارِمٍ ومُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيىَ وغَيرِه عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى بنِ عَبدَكَ الرّازِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنى أخِي، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أرأَيتَ لَو أنَّكَ نَزَلتَ واديًا في شَجَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٠٨٠)، ومسلم ٢/ ١٠٨٧ (٧١٥/ ٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٠٠)، والنسائي (٣٢١٩)، وابن حبان (٧١٣٨) من طريق حماد به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٨٧)، ومسلم ٢/ ١٠٨٧ (٧١٥/ ٥٦).","vol":"14","page":8},{"text":"قَد أُكِلَ مِنها، ووَجَدتَ شَجَرَةً لَم يُؤكَلْ مِنها، في أيِّها كُنتَ تَرعَى؟ قال: \"في الشّجَرَةِ التي لَم يُؤكَلْ مِنها\". قالَت: فأَنا هِيَ. تَعني أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَتَزَوَّجْ بكرًا غَيرَها. رَواه البخاريُّ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا الفَيضُ بن وثيقٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ الطَّويلِ التَّيمِيّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سالِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكُم بالأبكارِ؛ فإِنّهُنّ أعذَبُ أفواهًا، وأنتَقُ أرحامًا، وأرضَى باليَسيرِ\" (^٢). قال أبو عبد اللَّهِ والقاضِي في رِوايَتِهِما: ابنِ عُوَيمِ بنِ ساعِدَةَ.\n\n١٣٦٠٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بن عمرٍو العُكبَريُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيديُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سالِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٠٧٧)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٣٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه تمام في الفوائد (٧٤٨) من طريق فيض بن وثيق به. والحديث فيه اضطراب في نسب عبد الرحمن بن سالم وفي تعيين الراوي عن النبي - ﷺ -؛ فقد أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٦١) من طريق محمد بن طلحة فقال: عبد الرحمن بن سالم بن عتبة بن عويم. وغير ذلك. وينظر الإصابة ٧/ ٧٥، ٧٦ (٥٤٣٥) ترجمة عتبة بن عويم. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٥٣: فيض كذبه ابن معين لكن رواه غيره.\n(^٣) في م: \"العنبرى\".","vol":"14","page":9},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عُوَيمِ بنِ ساعِدَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^١).\nوعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عوَيمٍ لَيسَت له صُحبَةٌ.\nقال القَعْنَبيُّ فيما بَلَغَنى عنه: \"أنتَقُ أرحامًا\". يُريدُ: أكثَرُ أولادًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2973>بابُ استِحبابِ التَّزَوُّجِ بالوَدودِ الوَلودِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَرْوَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا المُستَلِمُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بن زاذانَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنِّي أصَبتُ امراةً ذاتَ حَسَبٍ ومَنصِبٍ ومالٍ إلَّا أنَّها لا تَلِدُ، أفأَتَزوَّجُها (^٣)؟ فنَهاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ أتاه الثانيَةَ فقالَ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فنَهاه، ثُمَّ أتاه الثالِثَةَ فقالَ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" تَزَوَّجوا الوَلودَ الوَدودَ؛ فإنِّي مُكاثِرٌ بكُمُ الأُمَمَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي العباس، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ١٤٠ (٣٥٠) عن خلف بن عمرو به. وانظر ما قبله.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أفأتزوج بها\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٢. وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٥٠)، والنسائي (٣٢٢٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٠٥): حسن صحيح.","vol":"14","page":10},{"text":"خَلَفُ بن خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَفصُ ابنُ أخِي أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُنا بالباءَة، ويَنهانا عن التَّبَتُّلِ نَهيًا شَديدًا، ويَقولُ: \"تَزَوَّجوا الوَدودَ الوَلودَ؛ فإِنِّي مُكاثِرٌ بكُمُ الأنبياءَ (^١) يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: أيُّ النِّساءِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"التي تَسُرُّه إذا نَظَرَ إلَيها، وتُطيعُه إذا أمَرَها، ولا تُخالِفُه في نَفسِها ولا مالِها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بن عُليِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي أُذَينَةَ (^٤) الصَّدَفِيّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَيرُ نِسائكُمُ الوَدودُ الوَلودُ المُواتيَةُ المُواسيَةُ إذا اتَّقَينَ اللَّهَ، وشَرُّ نِسائكُمُ المُتَبَرِّجاتُ المُتَخَيِّلاتُ (^٥)؛ وهُنَّ المُنافِقاتُ، لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ مِنهُنّ إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الأمم\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٧)، وفي الشعب (٥٤٨٥)، وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦١٣)، وابن حبان (٤٠٢٨) من طريق خلف بن خليفة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٦١ من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (٧٤٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٦١) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"ابن أبي أذينة\".\n(^٥) المتخيلات: أي المعجبات المتكبرات. ينظر فيض القدير ٣/ ٤٩٣.","vol":"14","page":11},{"text":"مِثلُ الغُرابِ الأعصَمِ (^١) \".\nورُوِيَ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا إلَى قَولِه: \"إذا اتَّقَينَ\".\n\n١٣٦٠٨ - وأخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَفصِ (^٢) بنِ عبد اللَّه، حَدَّثَنى أبي، حَدَّثَنى إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الناسَ فقالَ: ما استَفادَ عبدٌ بَعدَ إيمانٍ باللَّهِ خيرًا مِنِ امرأَةٍ حَسَنَةِ الخُلُقِ ودودٍ ولودٍ، وما استَفادَ عبدٌ بَعدَ كُفرٍ باللَّهِ فاتِنَةً شَرًا مِنِ امرأةٍ حَديدَةِ اللِّسانِ سَيِّئَةِ الخُلُق، واللَّهِ إنَّ مِنهُنَّ غُنمًا لا يُحذَى مِنه، وإنَّ مِنهُنَّ غُلًّا لا يفتدى مِنه (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الضَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: مُعاويَةُ بن قُرَّةَ أبو إياسٍ أخبرَنِي قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - - قال: وقَد كان أدرَكَه - قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: واللَّهِ ما أفادَ رَجُلٌ فائدَةً بَعدَ الإسلامِ خَيرًا مِنِ امرأةٍ حَسناءَ حَسَنَةِ الخُلُقِ ودودٍ ولودٍ، واللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الغراب الأعصم: الأبيض الجناحين أو الرجلين. أراد قلة من يدخل الجنة منهن؛ لأن هذا الوصف في الغراب عزيز. فيض القدير ٣/ ٤٩٣.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن جرير كما في المنتخب من ذيل المذيل ص ٥٩٠.\n(^٢) في س: \"جعفر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٣١٠) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"14","page":12},{"text":"ما أفادَ رَجُلٌ فائدَةً بَعدَ الشِّركِ باللَّهِ شَرًّا مِن مُرَيَّةٍ (^١) سَيِّئةِ الخُلُقِ حَديدَةِ اللِّسان، واللَّهِ إنَّ مِنهُنَّ لَغُلًّا ما يُفدَى مِنه (^٢)، وغُنمًا ما يُحذَى مِنه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2974>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في التَّزويجِ من ذِي الدِّينِ والخُلُقِ المَرضِيِّ</span>\n\n١٣٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن مَعينٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ هُرمُزَ الفَدَكِيّ، عن سعيدً ومُحَمَّدٍ ابنَى عُبَيدٍ، عن أبي حاتِمٍ المُزَنِيُّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا جاءَكُم مَن تَرضَونَ دينَه وخُلُقَه فأَنكحوه، إلَّا تَفعَلوه تَكُنْ فِتنَةٌ في الأرضِ وفَسادٌ كبيرٌ\" وفي روايةٍ: \"عريضٌ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، وإن كان فيه؟ قال: \"إذا جاءَكُم مَن تَرضَونَ دينَه وخُلُقَه فأَنكِحوه\". قالَها ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٤). أبو حاتِمٍ المُزَنِيُّ له صُحبَةٌ، قالَه البخاريُّ وغَيرُه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المرية: تصغير المرأة. كشف المشكل لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٥٤٩.\n(^٢) في م: \"عنه\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٨٧٢٤) وفيه يحيى بن أبي كثير. وأخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (١٠٨٠) من طريق شعبة بنحوه.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \" مرار\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٣٨)، وتاريخ ابن معين (١٦٤ - الدورى). وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٢٤) عن يحيى بن معين به مختصرًا. والترمذي (١٠٨٥) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به. وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٩/ ٢٦، وعلل الترمذي عقب (٢٦٤). والإصابة ١٢/ ١٣٥ (٩٧٥٢).","vol":"14","page":13},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - أنَّها قالَت: إنَّما النِّكَاحُ رِقٌّ؛ فليَنظُرْ أحَدُكُم أينَ يُرِقُّ عَتيقَتَه (^١).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا، والمَوقوفُ أصحُّ. واللَّهُ سبحانه أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2975>بابُ مَن تَخَلَّى لِعِبادَةِ اللَّهِ إذا لَم تَتُقْ نَفسُه إلَى النِّكاحِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَد ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﵎ القَواعِدَ مِنَ النِّساءِ فلَم يَنهَهُنَّ عن القُعود، ولَم يَندُبْهُنَّ إلَى النكاح، وذَكَرَ عبدًا أكرَمَه فقالَ: ﴿وَسَيِّدًا وَحَصُورًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٩]- والحَصورُ: الَّذِي لا يأتِي النَّساءَ - ولَم يَندُبْه إلَى النكاح (^٢).\n\n١٣٦١١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا بَدَلُ بن المُحَبِّر، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ - يَعني ابنَ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَسَيِّدًا وَحَصُورًا﴾ قال: الحَصورُ الَّذِي لا يَقرَبُ النِّساءَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه محمد بن علي في زياداته علي سنن سعيد بن منصور (٥٩١)، وابن أبي الدنيا في العيال (١١٨).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٦٤/ ١٧٥ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٣٧٧ من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"14","page":14},{"text":"نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: الحَصورُ الَّذِي لا يأتِي النِّساءَ (^١). ورُوِّينا ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، وعن عِكرِمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن ذَرٍّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: واللَّهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو إن كُنتُ لأعتَمِدُ بكَبِدِي علي الأرضِ مِنَ الجوع، وإن كُنتُ لأَشُدُّ الحَجَرَ على بَطنِي مِنَ الجوع، ولَقَد قَعَدتُ يَومًا على طَريقِهِمُ الَّذِي يَخرُجونَ مِنه، فمَرَّ بي أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فسأَلتُه عن آيَةٍ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿؛ ما سأَلتُه إلَّا ليَستَتبِعَنِي، فمَرَّ ولَم يَفعَلْ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بي عُمَرُ فسأَلتُه عن آيَةٍ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿؛ ما سأَلتُه إلَّا ليَستَتبِعَنِي، فمَرَّ بي ولَم يَفعَلْ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بي أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ - فتَبَسَّمَ حينَ رآنِي وعَرَفَ ما في نَفسِي وما في وجهِي، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". فقُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"الْحَقْ\". ومَضَى فاتبعتُه، فدَخَلَ فاستأذَنتُ فأَذِنَ لِي فدَخَلتُ، فوَجَدتُ لَبَنًا في قَدَحٍ، فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ هَذا اللَّبَنُ؟ \". قالوا: أهداه لَكَ فُلانٌ أو فُلانَةُ. قال: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". فقُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"الْحقْ إلَى أهلٍ الصُّفَّةِ فادعُهُم لِي\". قال: وأَهلُ الصُّفَّةِ أضيافُ الإسلام، لا يأوُونَ إلَى أهلٍ ولا مالٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٥١. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٦٤/ ١٧٧ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٣٧٩ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٦٤/ ١٧٥ من حديث ابن عباس. وينظر تفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٢/ ٦٤٣ (٣٤٦٦).","vol":"14","page":15},{"text":"إذا أتَته صَدَقَةٌ بَعَثَ بها إلَيهِم ولَم يَتَناوَلُ مِنها شَيئًا، وإِذا أتَته هَديَّةٌ أرسَلَ إلَيهِم فأَصابَ مِنها وأَشرَكَهُم فيها، فساءَنِي ذَلِكَ، قُلتُ: وما هَذا اللَّبَنُ في أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ؟! كُنتُ أرجو أن أُصيبَ مِن هَذا اللَّبَنِ شَربَةً أتَقَوَّى بها، وأَنا الرَّسولُ فإِذا جاءوا أمَرَنِي أن أُعطيَهُم، وما عَسَى أن يَبلُغَنِي مِن هَذا اللَّبَنِ؟! ولَم يَكُنْ مِن طاعَةِ اللَّهِ وطاعَةِ رسولِه بُدٌّ، فأَتَيتُهُم فدَعَوتُهُم فأقبَلوا حَتَّى استأذَنوا فأذِنَ لَهُم وأَخَذوا مَجالِسَهُم مِنَ البَيت، فقالَ: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". فقُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \" خُذ فأَعطِهِم\". فأَخَذتُ القَدَحَ فجَعَلتُ أُعطيه الرَّجُلَ فيَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَروَى، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ عليّ القَدَحَ فأُعطيه الآخَرَ فيَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَروَى، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ عليّ القَدَحَ، حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَد رَوِيَ القَومُ كُلُّهُم، فأَخَذَ القَدَحَ فوَضَعَه على يَدِه ونَظَرَ إلَيَّ وتبَسَّمَ وقالَ: \"يا أبا هريرةَ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \" بَقِيتُ أنا وأَنتَ\". قُلتُ: صَدَقتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"اقعُدَ فاشرَبْ\". فقَعَدتُ فشَرِبتُ، فقالَ: \"اشرَبْ\". فشَرِبتُ، ثم قالَ: \"اشرَبْ\". فشَرِبتُ، فما زالَ يقولُ: \"اشَرَبْ\". فأَشرَبُ، حَتَّى قُلتُ: لا، والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أجِدُ له مَسلَكًا. قال: \"فادنُ\" (^١). فأَعطَيتُه القَدَحَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وسمَّى وشَرِبَ الفَضلَةَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٧: \" فأذن فأذن\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٣٩٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٥٢).","vol":"14","page":16},{"text":"والمَوضِعُ المَقصودُ مِن هَذا الخَبَرِ في هَذا البابِ قَولُه: وأَهلُ الصُّفَةِ أضيافُ الإسلام، لا يأوُونَ إلَى أهلٍ ولا مالٍ.\n\n١٣٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمْشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُغيرَةِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن الحَكَمِ العُرَنِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن داودَ اليَمامِيُّ، عن يَحيىَ بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَتِ امرأَةٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أنا فُلانَةُ بنتُ فُلانٍ. قال: \"قَد عَرَفتُك، فما حاجَتُكِ؟ \". قالَت: حاجَتي إلَى ابنِ عَمِّي فُلانٍ العابِدِ. قال: \"قَد عَرَفتُه\". قالَت: يَخطُبُني؛ فأَخبِرْنِي ما حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على الزَّوجَةِ؟ فإِن كان شَيئًا أُطيقُه تَزَوَّجتُه، وإن لَم أُطِقْ لا أتَزَوَّجُ. قال: \"مِن حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على الزَّوجَةِ أن لَو سالَ مَنخِراه دَمًا وقَيحًا وصَديدًا فلَحِسَته بلِسانِها ما أدَّت حَقَّه، لَو كان يَنبغِي لِبَشَرٍ أن يَسجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ لأمَرتُ المَرأَةَ أن تَسجُدَ لِزَوجِها إذا دَخَلَ عَلَيها؛ لِما فضَّلَه اللَّهُ عَلَيها\". قالَت: والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أتَزَوَّجُ ما بَقِيتُ في الدُّنيا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2976>بابُ نَظَرِ الرَّجُلِ إلى المَرأَةِ يُريدُ أن يَتَزَوَّجَها</span>\n\n١٣٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٩. وصححه. وقال الذهبي: بل منكر، وسليمان واه، والقاسم صدوق تكلم فيه. وأخرجه البزار (٨٦٣٤) من طريق القاسم بن الحكم به. وقال الذهبي ٥/ ٢٦٥٦: سليمان ضعفوه، ولا شيء له في السنن.","vol":"14","page":17},{"text":"كَيسانَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِي - ﷺ - فأَتاه رَجُلٌ فأَخبَرَه أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصار، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" أنَظَرتَ إلَيها؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاذهَب فانظُرْ إلَيها؛ فإنَّ في أعيُنِ الأنصارِ شَيئًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحصين، عن واقِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا خَطَبَ أحَدُكُمُ المَرأَةَ فقَدَرَ على أن يَرَى مِنها ما يُعجِبُه ويَدعوه إلَيها فَلْيفعَلْ\". قال جابِرٌ: فلَقَد خَطَبتُ امرأَةً مِن بَني سَلِمَةَ، فكُنتُ أتَخَبّأُ في أُصولِ النَّخلِ حَتَّى رأَيتُ مِنها بَعضَ ما أعجَبَني فتَزَوَّجتُها (^٣).\n\n١٣٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أرادَ المُغيرَةُ - ﵁ - أن يَتَزَوَّجَ امرأَة، فقالَ له النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبْ فانظُرْ إلَيها؛ فإِنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٨٤٢)، والنسائي (٣٢٤٧)، وابن حبان (٤٠٤١) من طريق سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٤/ ٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٨٦)، وأبو داود (٢٠٨٢) من طريق ابن إسحاق بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٣٢).","vol":"14","page":18},{"text":"أحرَى أن يُؤدَمَ بَينَكُما\". قال: فنَظَرتُ إلَيها. قال: فذَكَرَ مِن موافَقَتِها (^١).\n\n١٣٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن بكرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: خَطَبتُ امرأَةً. قال: فقالَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَظَرتَ إلَيها؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فانظُرْ إلَيها؛ فإنَّه أحرَى أن يُؤدَمَ بَينَكُما\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن بكرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ - ﵁ - قال: خَطَبتُ امرأَةً فذَكَرتُها لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: فقالَ لِي: \"هَل نَظَرتَ إلَيها؟ \". قُلت: لا. قال: \"فانظُرْ إلَيها؛ فإِنَّه أحرَى أن يُؤدَمَ بَينَكُما\". فأَتَيتُها وعِندَها أبواها (^٣) وهِيَ في خِدرِها. قال: فقُلتُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَنِي أن أنظُرَ إلَيها. قال: فسَكَتا. قال: فرَفَعتِ الجاريَةُ جانِبَ الخِدرِ فقالَت: أُحَرِّجُ عَلَيكَ إن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَكَ أن تَنظُرَ إلَيَّ لَما نَظَرتَ، وإن كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٥٩)، والصغرى (٢٣٣٩)، وعبد الرزاق في الأمالى (١١٤). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٢٥٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٦٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨١٥٤) عن أبي معاوية به. والترمذي (١٠٨٧)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٥) من طريق عاصم بنحوه. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٣) في س: \"أبوها\".","vol":"14","page":19},{"text":"يأمُرْكَ أن تَنظُرَ إلَيَّ فلا تَنظُرْ. قال: فنَظَرتُ إلَيها ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجتُها. قال: فما وقَعَت عِندِي امرأَةٌ بمَنزِلَتِها، ولَقَد تَزَوَّجتُ سَبعينَ أو بضعًا وسَبعينَ امرأَةً (^١).\n\n١٣٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ عبدُ رَبِّه بن نافِعٍ، عن الحَجّاج، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ، عن عَمَّه سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثْمَةَ قال: رأَيتُ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ يُطارِدُ امرأَةً ببَصَرِه علي إجّارٍ (^٢) يُقالُ لَها: ثُبَيتَةُ بنتُ الضَّحَّاكِ، أُختُ أبي جَبِيرَةَ، فقُلتُ: أتَفعَلُ هَذا وأَنتَ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟! فقالَ: نَعَم، قال رسولُ - ﷺ -: \"إذا ألقَى اللَّهُ في قَلبِ رَجُلٍ خِطبَةَ امرأَةٍ فلا بأسَ أن يَنظُرَ إلَيها\" (^٣). هَذا الحَديثُ إسنادُه مُختَلَفٌ فيه، ومَدارُه على الحَجّاجِ بنِ أَرْطاةَ، وفيما مَضَى كِفايَةٌ.\nواحتَجَّ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ في هَذا البابِ بما:\n\n١٣٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥١٦) عن أبي شهاب به. وأحمد (١٨١٣٧) من طريق عاصم بنحوه. وابن ماجه (١٨٦٦) من طريق بكر بن عبد الله بنحوه. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) الإجار بالكسر والتشديد: السطح الذي ليس حواليه ما يَرُد الساقط عنه. النهاية ١/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٧. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥١٩) عن أبي شهاب به. وأحمد (١٧٩٧٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٦٤)، من طريق حجاج بنحوه. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: في إسناده حجاج، وهو ابن أرطاة الكوفي ضعيف، ومدلس، ورواه بالعنعنة.","vol":"14","page":20},{"text":"يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا العَتَكِيُّ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵁ - أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُريتُكِ في النَّومِ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ؛ جاءَنِي بكِ المَلَكُ في سَرَقَةٍ مِن حَريرٍ (^١) يقولُ: هذه امرأَتُكَ. فأَكَشِفُ عن وجهِكِ فإِذا هِيَ أنت، فأَقولُ: إن يَكُنْ هَذا مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ يُمْضِه\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ العَتَكِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنأ أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّيّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ امرأَةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللّه، جِئتُ لأهَبَ لَكَ نَفسِي. فنَظَرَ إلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فصَعَّدَ النَظَرَ إلَيها وصَوَّبَه، ثُمَّ طأطأَ رأسَه، فلَمّا رأتِ المَرأَةُ أنَّه لَم يَقضِ فيها شَيئًا جَلَسَت (^٤). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قيل: هو الأبيض منه، وجمعه سرق، وقيل: هي شققه البيض، وقيل: الجيد منه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٤١٠ بنحوه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٢)، وابن حبان (٧٠٩٣) بنحوه، بلفظ \"مرتين\". وينظر فتح الباري ١٢/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٣٨/ ٧٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٣٣٣٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٤٧٩)، والطبرانى (٥٩٩٣) من طريق قتيبة به. وسيأتي في (١٣٩٣٢ - ١٣٩٣٧) من طرق أخرى عن أبي حازم.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٠٣٠)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٦).","vol":"14","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2977>بابُ تَخصيصِ الوَجهِ والكَفَّيِن بجَوازِ النَّظَرِ إلَيها عِندَ الحاجَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾ [النور: ٣١].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إلَّا وجهَها وكَفَّيها.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوّينا هَذا التَّفسيرَ في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ، ثُمَّ عن عَطاءٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عن ابنِ عباسٍ وعَطاءٍ: باطِنَ الكَفِّ.\n\n١٣٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ المُلائيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾ قال: الكُحلُ والخاتَمُ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوّيناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣). ورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن أنَّسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ شَبيبٍ قالَت: سأَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٢٥٦، ٣٢٥٩) وعقب (٣٢٥٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٢٥٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٢٥٨).\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٢٥٨).","vol":"14","page":22},{"text":"عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن الزِّينَةِ الظّاهِرَة، فقالَتِ: القُلْبُ (^١) والفَتَخَةُ (^٢). وضَمَّت طَرَفَ كُمِّها (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا داودُ بن رُشَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ دُرَيكٍ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ، أنَّ أسماءَ بنتَ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - دَخَلَت عَلَيها - وعِندَها النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - في ثيابٍ شاميَّةٍ رِقاقٍ فضَرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلى الأرض ببَصَرِه قال: \"ما هَذا يا أسماءُ؟ \" إنَّ المَرأَةَ إذا بَلَغَتِ المَحيضَ لَم يَصلُح أن يُرَى مِنها إلَّا هَذا وهَذا\". وأَشارَ إلَى كَفِّه ووَجهِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رُمحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، أنَّه سَمِعَ إبراهيمَ بنَ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ الأنصارِيَّ يُخبِرُ عن أبيه، أظُنُّه عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ أنَّها قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على عائشةَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ وعِندَها أُختُها أسماءُ بنت أبي بكر وعَلَيها ثيابٌ شاميَّةٌ واسِعَةُ الأكمامِ فلَمّا نَظَرَ إلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قامَ فخَرَجَ، فقالَت لَها عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: تنَحَّيْ؛ فقَد رأى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمرًا كَرِهَه. فتَنَحَّت فدَخَلَ\n_________\n(^١) القلب: السوار. النهاية ٤/ ٩٨.\n(^٢) تقدم شرح معناها في (٦٢٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١٧١) من طريق حماد مختصرًا.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٢٦٠).","vol":"14","page":23},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فسأَلَته عائشَةُ - ﵂ - لِمَ قامَ؟ قال: \"أوَلَم تَرَيْ إلَى هَيئَتِها؟! إنَّه لَيسَ لِلمَرأَةِ المُسلِمَةِ أن يَبدُوَ مِنها إلَّا هذا وهذا\". وأَخَذَ بكَفَّيه (^١) فغَطَّى بهِما ظَهرَ كَفَّيه حَتَّى لَم يَبدُ مِن كَفِّه إلَّا أصابِعُه، ثُمَّ نَصَبَ كَفَّيه على صُدغَيه حَتَّى لَم يَبدُ إلَّا وجهُه (^٢). إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n١٣٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَتني غِبطَةُ بنتُ عمرٍو المُجاشِعيَّةُ قالَت: حَدَّثَتني عَمَّتي أُمُّ الحَسَن، عن جَدَّتِها، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -: أنَّ هِندًا بنتَ عُتبَةَ قالَت: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ بايِعْني. قال: \"لا أُبايِعُكِ [حَتَّى تُغَيِّرِي] (^٣) كَفَّيك، كأنَّها كَفَّى سَبُعٍ! \" (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا طالوتُ بن عَبّادٍ، حدثنا مُطيعُ بن مَيمونٍ أبو سعيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنا صَفيَّةُ بنتُ عِصمَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: جاءَتِ امرأَةٌ وراءَ السِّترِ بيَدِها كِتابٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقَبَضَ النَّبِي - ﷺ - يَدَه وقالَ: \"ما أدرِي أيَدُ رَجُلٍ أم يَدُ امرأةٍ؟ أ! \". قالَت: بَل يَدُ امرأَةٍ. قال: \"لَو كُنتِ امرأَةً لَغَيَّرتِ\n_________\n(^١) في أصل المؤلف: \"بكفه\" وكتب في الحاشية: بخطه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٣٩٤) عن موسى بن سهل (أبي عمران الجونى) به. ووقع في الإسناد: \"عن أمه\". بدلًا من: \"عن أبيه\". وفي الكبير ٢٤/ ١٤٢ (٣٧٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ١٣٧: وفيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحح.\n(^٣) في س: \"فغيرى\" وفي حاشية م: \"قصرى\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤١٦٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٩٤).","vol":"14","page":24},{"text":"أظفارَك بالحِنّاءِ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٦٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن موسَى، حدثنا مُطيعُ بن مَيمونٍ أبو سعيدٍ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2978>بابُ مَن بَعَثَ بامرأَةٍ لِتَنظُرَ إلَيها</span>\n\n١٣٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عليّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أرادَ أن يَتَزَوَّجَ امرأَةً، فبَعَثَ بامرأَةٍ لِتَنظُرَ إلَيها، فقالَ: \"شُمِّي عَوارِضَها، وانظُرِي إلَى عُرقوبَيها\". قال: فجاءَت إلَيهِم فقالوا: ألا نُغَدّيكِ يا أُمَّ فُلانٍ؟ فقالَت: لا آكُلُ إلَّا مِن طَعامٍ جاءَت به فُلانَةُ. قال: فصعِدَت في رَفٍّ لَهُم فنَظَرَت إلَى عُرقوبَيها، ثُمَّ قالَت: قَبِّلينِي يابُنَيَّةُ. قال: فجَعَلَت تُقَبِّلُها وهِيَ تَشَمُّ عارِضها، قال: فجاءَت فأَخبَرَت (^٣)، كَذا رَواه شَيخُنا في \"المستدرك\"، ورَواه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ في \"المراسيل \" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ مُرسَلًا مُختَصَرًا دود ذِكرِ أنَسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب ص ٣٧٩، وابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٥٤، ٢٤٥٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤١٦٦)، والنسائي (٥١٠٤) من طريق مطيع بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥١٠).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٤٥٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٥٨) عن حسن بن موسى به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٦ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٤) المراسيل (٢١٦).","vol":"14","page":25},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا أبو النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ مُرسَلًا. ورَواه محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ الصَّنعانِيُّ عن حَمّادٍ مَوصولًا، ورَواه عُمارَةُ بن زاذانَ عن ثابِتٍ عن أنَّسٍ مَوصولًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2979>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ آيَةِ الحِجابِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٣١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَني اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي أنَّسُ بن مالكٍ الأنصارِيُّ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان ابنَ عَشرِ سِنينَ مَقْدَمَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ. قال: وكانَ أُمَّهاتِي يواظِبْنَنى على خِدمَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فخَدَمتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَشرَ سِنينَ بالمَدينَة، وتوُفِّيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا ابنُ عِشرينَ سنةً، فكُنتُ أعلَمَ النّاسِ بشأنِ الحِجابِ حينَ أُنزِلَ، وكانَ أوَّلَ ما أُنزِلَ فيه أُنزِلَ في مُبتَنَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بزَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ - ﵄ -، فأَصبَحَ رسولُ - ﷺ - عَروسًا بها، فدَعا القَومَ فأَصابوا مِنَ الطعام، ثُمَّ خَرَجوا، ثُمَّ بَقِيَ مِنهُم عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَطالوا المُكثَ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فخَرَجَ وخَرَجتُ مَعَه لِكَي يَخرُجوا، فمَشَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ومَشَيتُ مَعَه حَتَّى جاءَ عَتَبَةَ حُجرَةِ عائشةَ - ﵄ -، ثُمَّ ظَنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّهُم قَد خَرَجوا، فرَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورَجَعتُ مَعَه حَتَّى دَخَلَ على زَينَبَ، فإِذا هُم جُلوسٌ لَم يَقوموا، فرَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ورَجَعتُ مَعَه حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ حُجرَةَ عائشةَ فَظَنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٢٤).","vol":"14","page":26},{"text":"أن قَد خَرَجوا فرَجَعَ ورَجَعتُ مَعَه، فإِذا هُم خَرَجوا، فضَرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَينِي وبَينَه الحِجابَ وأُنزِلَ الحِجابُ. (^١)\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن الزهرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا داودُ بن شَبيبٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن خَلَفٍ أبو سلمةَ الباهِلِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد الأعلَى الصَّنعانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، حدثنا أبو مِجلَزٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: لَمّا تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ بنتَ جَحشٍ دَعا القَومَ فطَعِموا، ثُمَّ جَلَسوا يَتَحَدَّثونَ. قال: فأَخَذَ يَتَهَيّأُ لِلقيامِ. قال: فلَم يَقوموا. قال: فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ قامَ، وقامَ مِنَ القَومِ وقَعَدَ ثَلاثَةٌ، وأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جاءَ ليَدخُلَ فإِذا القَومُ جُلوسٌ، ثُمَّ إنَّهُم قاموا فانطَلَقوا فجِئتُ لأدخلَ (^٤) فأَلقَى الحِجابَ بَيني وبَينَه. قال: فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ غَيْرَ نَاظِرِينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧١٦) من طريق ليث به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦١٦). وابن حبان (٥١٤٥) من طريق ابن شهاب بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٦٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٦٦)، ومسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٩٣).\n(^٤) في ص ٧: \"أدخل\".","vol":"14","page":27},{"text":"إِنَاهُ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ فَادْخُلُوا فَإِذَا طَعِمْتُمْ فَانْتَشِرُوا﴾ إلَى قولِه ﴿إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا﴾ (^١) [الأحزاب: ٥٣]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الأعلَى وغَيرِه عن مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢)، وبِمَعناه رَواه جَماعَة عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٣٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصائغُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَني حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: وافَقَنِي رَبِّي في ثَلاثٍ؛ قُلتُ: لَوِ اتَّخَذْنا مِن مَقامِ إبراهيمَ مُصَلًّى. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٥]، وقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، يَدخُلُ عَلَيكَ البَرَّ والفاجِرُ، فلَو حَجَبتَ أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ آيَةَ الحِجاب، قال: وبَلَغَنى شَئٌ كان بَينَ أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ وبَينَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فاستَقرَيتُهُنَّ (^٤) أقولُ: لَتَكُفُنَّ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٢٠) عن محمد بن عبد الأعلى به. وابن حبان (٥٥٧٨) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٩١، ٦٢٣٩، ٦٢٧١)، ومسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٩٢).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٤٨٨، ١٣٤٩٠، ١٣٤٩٢)، وما سيأتي في (١٤٨٦٩).\n(^٤) أي: تتبعتهن. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٥٦.","vol":"14","page":28},{"text":"لَيُبدِلَنَّه اللَّهُ أزواجًا خَيرًا مِنكُنَّ. حَتَّى أتَيتُ على آخِرِ أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: يا عُمَرُ، أمَا في رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما يَعِظُ نِساءَه حَتَّى تَعِظَهُنَّ؟ فأَمسَكتُ (^١)، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ﴾ (^٢) الآيَةَ [التحريم: ٥]. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ [عن عُمَرَ] (^٤) مُختَصَرًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال بَدَلَ الثّالِثَةِ: أُسارَى بَدرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّ أزواجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كُنَّ يَخرُجنَ باللَّيلِ - إذا تبَرَّزنَ - إلَى المَناصِعِ؛ وهو صَعيدٌ أفيَحُ (^٦)، وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: احجُبْ نِساءَكَ. فلَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَفعَلُ، فخَرَجَت سَودَةُ بنتُ زَمعَةَ - زَوجُ النَّبِي - ﷺ - لَيلَةً مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٨٩٦) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر السهمى به. وأحمد (١٦٠)، والترمذي (٢٩٦٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦١١)، وابن ماجه (١٠٠٩) من طريق حميد مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٠٢، ٤٤٨٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: س.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٣٩٩/ ٢٤).\n(^٦) المناصع: هي المواضع التي يُتَخلَّى فيها لقضاء الحاجة، واحدها: مَنْصع؛ لأنه يُبرز إليها ويُظهر. والأفيح: كل موضع واسع. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٤، ٢/ ١٥، والنهاية ٣/ ٤٨٤، ٥/ ٦٥.","vol":"14","page":29},{"text":"اللَّيالِي عِشاءً، فناداها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: قَد عَرَفناكِ يا سَودَةُ. حِرصًا على أن يَنزِلَ الحِجابُ، قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فأُنزِلَ الحِجابُ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايِينيُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا داودُ بن الحُسَينِ هو الخُسْرَوَجِرَدِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيث، حَدَّثَنى أبي، عن جَدِّي [قال: حَدَّثَنى] (^٢) عُقَيلُ بن خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه وزادَ: وكانَت امرأَة طَويلَة، فناداها عُمَرُ: ألَا قَد عَرَفناكِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، كَذا رَواه الزُّهرِيُّ عن عُروَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا عِمرانُ بن موسَى، حدثنا عثمانَ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، [عن هِشامٍ] (٢)، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵁ - قالَت: خَرَجَت سَودَةُ - ﵂ - بَعدَ ما ضُرِبَ عَلَينا الحِجابُ - لِبَعضِ حاجاتِها، وكانَتِ امرأَةً جَسيمَةً يَفرَعُ النِّساءَ جِسمُها (^٥)، لا تَخفَى عل مَن يَعرِفُها، فرآها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أمَا واللَّهِ ما تَخفَينَ عَلَينا، فانظُرِي كَيفَ تَخرُجينَ. قال: فانكَفأَت راجِعَةً،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما بعده.\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٦٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٣٣ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤٦)، ومسلم (٢١٧٠/ ١٨).\n(^٥) يفرع النساء جسمها: أي يطولهم ويعلوهم. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٣، والنهاية ٣/ ٤٣٦.","vol":"14","page":30},{"text":"ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في بَيتى، وإِنَّه لَيَتَعَشَّى وفِي يَدِه عَرقٌ (^١)، فدَخَلَتْ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنِّي خَرَجتُ فقالَ عُمَرُ كَذا وكَذا. فأَوحَى اللَّهُ إلَيه، ثُمَّ رُفِعَ عنه وإِنَّ العَرْقَ في يَدِه ما وضَعَه فقالَ: \"إنَّه قَد أُذِنَ لَكُنَّ أن تَخرُجنَ لِحَوائجِكُنّ\" (^٢). قال هِشامٌ: يَعني البَرازَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِهِم، كُلُّهُم عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن مَعقِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ قال: قال أحمدُ بن شَبيبٍ: حدثنا أبي، عن يونُسَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵄ - قالَت: يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ نِساءَ المُهاجِراتِ (^٤) الأُوَلَ؛ لَمّا أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١] شَقَقنَ مُروطَهُنَّ فاختَمَرنَ به. رَواه البخاريُّ هَكَذا (^٥).\n\n١٣٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن نافِعٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ﴾\n_________\n(^١) العرق: هو العظم الذي عليه بقية لحم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٥١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (٥٤) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٩٠)، وابن خزيمة (٥٤)، وعنه ابن حبان (١٤٠٩) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٤٧)، ومسلم (٢١٧٠/ ١٧).\n(^٤) في س: \"المهاجرين\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٧٥٨). وينظر ما تقدم في (٣٣٠١).","vol":"14","page":31},{"text":"عَمَدَتِ النَّساءُ إلَى أُزُرِهِنَّ فشَقَقنَها مِن نَحوِ الحَواشِي فاختَمَرنَ بهِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٢)، وقَد أخرَجناه عاليًا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2980>بابُ تَحريمِ النَّظَرِ إلَى الأجنَبيّاتِ مِن غَيرِ سَبَبٍ مُبيحٍ </span>(^٤)\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٠].\n\n١٣٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: ما رأَيتُ أشبَهَ باللَّمَمِ مِمّا قال أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ -: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن اللَّهَ كَتَبَ على ابنِ آدَمَ حَظَّه مِنَ الزِّنى، أدرَكَ ذَلِكَ لا مَحالَةَ، فزِنى العَينَينِ النَّظَرُ، وزِنى اللِّسانِ النطقُ، والنَّفسُ تتَمَنَّى وتَشتَهِي، ويُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الفَرجُ أو (^٥) يُكَذِّبُه\" (^٦).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبد الرَّزاق، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٣٦٣) من طريق حبان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٥٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٣٠٢).\n(^٤) في س: \"صحيح\".\n(^٥) في م: \"و\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٢٠) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٧٧١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٤٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وأبو داود (٢١٥٢) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٧) البخاري (٦٦١٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٥٧/ ٢٠). وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٨٤).","vol":"14","page":32},{"text":"١٣٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا المَخزومِيُّ يَعني أبا هِشامٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِي - ﷺ - قال: \"كُتِبَ علي ابنِ آدَمَ نَصيبُه (^١) مِنَ الزِّنى، مُدرِكٌ ذَلِكَ لا مَحالَةَ، فالعَينانِ زِناهُما النَّظَرُ، والأُذُنانِ زِناهُما الاستِماعُ (^٢)، واللِّسانُ زِناه الكَلامُ، واليَدُ زِناها البَطشُ، والرِّجلُ زِناها الخُطَى، والقَلبُ يَهوَى ويَتَمَنَّى، ويُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الفَرجُ ويُكَذِّبُه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِكُلِّ ابنِ آدَمَ حَظُّه مِنَ الزِّنى، فالعَينانِ تَزنيانِ وزِناهُما النَّظَرُ، واليَدانِ تَزنيانِ وزِناهُما البَطشُ، والرِّجلانُ تَزنيانِ وزِناهُما المَشيُ، والفَمُ يَزنِي وزِناه القُبَلُ، والقَلبُ [يَهُمُّ أو يَتَمَنَّى] (^٥)، ويُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الفَرجُ أو يُكَذِّبُه\". شَهِدَ على ذَلِكَ أبو هريرةَ سَمْعُه وبَصَرُه (^٦).\n\n١٣٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقريءُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٧: \"نصيب\".\n(^٢) في س: \"السمع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٣٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٢٣) من طريق أبي صالح به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٥٧/ ٢١).\n(^٥) في ص ٧: \" يهوى ويتمنى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٢٦)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٣) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"14","page":33},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأسَديُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن سعيدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيَّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أردَفَ الفَضلَ بنَ عباسٍ، ثُمَّ أتَى الجَمرَةَ فرَماها، فاستَقبَلَته جاريَةٌ شابَّةٌ مِن خَثعَمَ، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ أبي شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ قَد أَفْنَدَ (^١)، وقَد أدرَكَته فريضَةُ اللَّهِ في الحَجّ، فيُجزِئ (^٢) أن أحُجَّ عَنهُ؟ فقالَ: \"حُجِّي عن أبيكِ\". ولَوَى عُنُقَ الفَضل، فقالَ له العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، لِمَ (^٣) لَوَيتَ عُنُقَ ابنِ عَمِّكَ؟ قال: \"رأَيتُ شابًّا وشابَّةً؛ فلَم آمَنِ الشَّيطانَ عَلَيهِما\" (^٤). وقَد رُوِّيناه في كِتابِ الحَجِّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٥).\n\n١٣٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيّاكُم والجُلوسَ بالطُّرُقات\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما بُدٌّ لَنا مِن\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أقعد\".\nوأفند الرجل: إذا كثر كلامه من الخرف، وأفنده الكبر، وقال أبو زيد: إذا لم يعقل من الكبر. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣١١.\n(^٢) كذا بحاشية الأصل وكتب فوقها: بخطه.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٧٠٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٦٩٩).","vol":"14","page":34},{"text":"مَجالِسِنا؛ نَتَحَدَّثُ فيها. فقالَ - رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن أبَيتُم فأَعطوا الطَّريقَ حَقَّه\". قالوا: وما حَقُّ الطَّريقِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"غَضُّ البَصَر، وكَفُّ الأذَى، ورَدُّ السَّلام، والأمرُ بالمَعروف، والنَّهيُ عن المُنكَرِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن عبد العَزيز، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2981>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَظَرِ الفَجْأةَ</span>\n\n١٣٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلاليُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي زُرعَةَ، عن جَريرٍ - ﵁ - قال: سأَلتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عن نَظرَةِ الفجْأَة، فأَمَرَنِي أن أصرِفَ بَصَرِي (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٨١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٠٩)، وابن حبان (٥٩٥) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٦٥، ٦٢٢٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٤٨)، وفي الآداب ص ٤٠٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٤٨)، وابن حبان (٥٥٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٩١٦٠)، والترمذي (٢٧٧٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٣٣) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٥٩).","vol":"14","page":35},{"text":"هانِيءٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وأبو غَسّانَ قالا: حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي رَبيعَةَ الإيادِيّ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: \"يا عليُّ، لا تُتبعِ النَّظرَةَ النَّظرَةَ، فإِنَّ لَكَ الأُولَى ولَيسَت لَكَ الآخِرَةُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2982>بابُ ما يَفعَلُ إذا رأى مِن أجنَبيَّةٍ ما يُعجِبُهُ</span>\n\n١٣٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ وأبو مُسلِمٍ هو إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ قال: حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رأى امرأةً فدَخَلَ على زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ فقَضَى حاجَتَه مِنها، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى أصحابِه فقالَ لَهُم: \"إنَّ المَرأةَ تُقبِلُ في صورَةِ شَيطانٍ وتُدبرُ في صورَةِ شَيطانٍ، فمَن وجَدَ ذَلِكَ فليأتِ أهلَه فإنَّه يَضمُرُ (^٢) ما في نَفسِه\". لَم يَذكُرْ إسماعيلُ قَوله: \"فإنَّه يَضمُرُ ما في نَفسِه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٤ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٩١)، وأبو داود (٢١٤٩)، والترمذي (٢٧٧٧) من طريق شريك به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٨١).\n(^٢) في س: \"يضم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٥١) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. والترمذي (١١٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٥٧٢) من طريق هشام بنحوه. وأحمد (١٤٥٣٧) من طريق أبي الزبير بنحوه.","vol":"14","page":36},{"text":"وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ، وقالَ: \"فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يَرُدُّ ما في نَفسِه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2983>بابٌ: لا يَخلو رَجُلٌ بامرأةٍ أجنَبيَّةٍ</span>\n\n١٣٦٤٧ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن حَمْدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بن آدَمَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ الهِلالِيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي مَعبَدٍ (^٢) مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَخلُوَنَّ رَجُلٌ بامرأةٍ، ولا تُسافِرِ امرأةٌ إلَّا ومَعَها ذو مَحرَمٍ\" (^٣).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِي الكوفيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِيُّ، أخبرَنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الخَير، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيّاكُم والدُّخولَ على النِّساءِ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: أرأَيتَ الحَمَوَ؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٠٣/ ٩).\n(^٢) في س: \"سعيد\". ينظر فتح الباب في الكنى والألقاب ص ٣٦٥، والتاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٩٢.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٤٧٩، ١٠٢٢٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٣٣)، ومسلم (١٣٤١/ ٤٢٤).","vol":"14","page":37},{"text":"\"الحَمَوُ المَوتُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيْبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطاهِرِ قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِثِ، أنَّ بكرَ بنَ سَوادَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ جُبَيرٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ نَفَرًا مِن بَني هاشِمٍ دَخَلوا على أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ، فدَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ - وهِيَ تَحتَه يَومَئذٍ - فرآهُم فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ، وذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: لَم أرَ إلَّا خَيرًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد بَرَّها مِن ذَلِكَ\". ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ فقالَ: \"لا يَدخُلَنَّ رَجُلٌ بَعدَ يَومِي هَذا على مُغِيبَةٍ (^٣) إلَّا ومَعَه رَجُلٌ أوِ اثنانِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِيءِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ ذَكوانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن مَولًى لِعَمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه أرسَلَه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢١٦) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٧٣٤٧) من طريق ليث به. وابن حبان (٥٥٨٨) من طريق يزيد بن أبي حبيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٣٢)، ومسلم (٢١٧٢/ ٢٠).\n(^٣) المغيبة: التي غاب عنها زوجها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٧٣/ ٢٢).","vol":"14","page":38},{"text":"عليٍّ - ﵁ - يَستأذِنُه على أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ فأذِنَ له، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ مِن حاجَتِه سأَلَ المَولَى عَمرًا عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهانا - أو نَهَى - أن نَدخُلَ على النِّساءِ بغَيرِ إذنِ أزواجِهِنَّ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ (^٢) أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ المَروَزِيُّ القادِمُ عَلَينا غازيًا، حدثنا حامِدُ بن مَحمودٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ (^٣) عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن سُوقَةَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ بالجابيَةِ قال: فقامَ فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَقامِي فيكُم فقالَ: \"استَوصُوا بأَصحابِي خَيرًا، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ يَفشو الكَذِبُ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَبتَدِئُ بالشهادَةِ قَبلَ أن يسأَلَها، [وبِاليَمينِ قَبلَ أن يسأَلَها] (^٤)، فمَن أرادَ مِنكم بَحبَحَةَ الجَنَّةِ فَلْيَلزَمِ الجَماعَةَ؛ فإنَّ الشَّيطانَ مَعَ الواحِدِ وهو مِنَ الاثنَينِ أبعَدُ، ولا يَخلُوَنَّ أحَدُكم بامرأةٍ؛ فإِن الشَّيطانَ ثالِثُهُما، ومَن سَرَّته حَسَنَتُه وساءَته سَيِّئَتُه فهو مُؤمِنٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٠٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٠٥)، والترمذي (٢٧٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"النضر\".\n(^٣) عبدان: لقب عبد اللَّه بن عثمان بن جبلة. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٤) ليس في: س.\n(^٥) مسند ابن المبارك (٢٥٦) ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٤)، وابن حبان (٧٢٥٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٢٥) من طريق محمد بن سوقة به.","vol":"14","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2984>بابُ ما يُتَّقَى مِن فِتنَةِ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عثمانَ النَّهدِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما تَرَكتُ بَعدِي فِتنَةً أضَرَّ على الرِّجالِ مِنَ النِّساءِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعبَةَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن التَّيمِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن رَوحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي مَسلَمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا نَضرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الدُّنيا خَضِرَةٌ حُلوَةٌ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٣٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٤٦)، والترمذي (٢٧٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٥٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٩٨)، وابن حبان (٥٩٦٧) من طريق سليمان التيمي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٠٩٦)، ومسلم (٢٧٤٠/ ٩٧).","vol":"14","page":40},{"text":"مُستَخلِفُكُم فيها ليَنظُرَ كَيفَ تَعمَلونَ، فاتَّقوا الدُّنيا واتَّقوا النِّساءَ، فإِنَّ أوَّلَ فِتنَةِ بَنِي إسرائيلَ كانَت في النِّساءِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ غُندَرٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2985>بابُ مُساواةِ المَرأَةِ الرَّجُلَ في حُكمِ الحِجابِ والنَّطَرِ إلَى الأجانِبِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n\n١٣٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بن يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلُ بن خالِدٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن نَبْهانَ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا ومَيمونَةُ جالِسَتانِ فجَلَسَ، فاستأذَنَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ الأعمَى، فقالَ: \"احتَجِبا مِنه\". فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ألَيسَ بأَعمَى لا يُبصِرُنا؟ قال: \"فأَنتُما لا تُبصِرانِه؟ \" (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن العَلاء، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن يونُسَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٦٩)، وابن حبان (٣٢٢١) من طريق بندار به. وأحمد (١١١٦٩) عن محمد بن جعفر به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٦٥٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤٢/ ٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب ص ٤٠٤، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤١٦. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٤٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به.","vol":"14","page":41},{"text":"عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي نَبهانُ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵁ - قالَت: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وعِندَه مَيمونَةُ، فأَقبَلَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ - وذَلِكَ بَعدَ أن أُمِرنا بالحِجابِ - فدَخَلَ عَلَينا فقالَ: \"احتَجِبا\". فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ألَيسَ أعمَى لا يُبصِرُنا ولا يَعرِفُنا؟! فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أفَعَمياوانِ أنتُما؟ ألَستُما تُبصِرانِهِ؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٣٦٥٦ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: واللَّهِ لَقَد رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَقومُ علي بابِ حُجرَتِي والحَبَشَةُ يَلعَبونَ بالحِرابِ في المَسجِد، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستُرُنِي برِدائه؛ لأنظُرَ إلَى لَعِبِهِم، بَينَ [أُذُنِه وعاتِقِه] (^٢)، ثُمَّ يَقومُ مِن أجلِي حَتَّى أكونَ أنا التي أنصَرِفُ، فاقدُروا قَدْرَ الجاريَةِ الحديثَةِ السِّنِّ الحَريصَةِ على اللَّهوِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن [وجهٍ آخرَ] (^٤) عن مَعمَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجهٍ (^٥) عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤١١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٣٧)، والترمذي (٢٧٧٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٤١)، وابن حبان (٥٥٧٦) من طريق يونس به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٨٧).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أذنيه وعينيه\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب ٨٠٧، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٢١) وعنه أحمد (٢٥٣٣٣).\n(^٤) في ص ٧: \"أوجه أخر\".\n(^٥) في س، ص ٧، م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٦) البخاري (٥١٩٠)، ومسلم (٨٩٢/ ١٨).","vol":"14","page":42},{"text":"١٣٦٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ - ﵁ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها وعِندَها جاريَتانِ في أيّامِ مِنًى، تُغَنّيانِ وتُدَفِّفانِ وتَضرِبانِ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مُتَغَشِّي بثَوبِه، فانتَهَرَهُنَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فكَشَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن وجهِه وقالَ: \"دَعْهُما يا أبا بكرٍ؛ فإِنَّها أيّامُ عيدٍ\". وتِلكَ أيّامُ مِنًى، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالمَدينَة، فقالَت عائشَةُ: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَستُرُنِي بثَوبِه وأَنا أنظُرُ إلَى الحَبَشَةِ وهُم يَلعَبونَ في المَسجِدِ وأَنا جاريَةٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ بزيادَةِ لَفظٍ في آخِرِه (^٢) ونُقصانِ آخَرَ (^٣).\nففِي قَولِه في هذه الزّيادَةِ (^٤): وأَنا جاريَةٌ. كالدَّليلِ على أنَّها كانَت صَغيرَةً لَم تَبلُغْ.\n\n١٣٦٥٨ - ومِمّا يَدُلُّ علي ذَلِكَ أيضًا ما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٨٠٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٧١) من طريق الليث به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٥٢) من طريق ابن شهاب به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"في المسجد وأنا جارية\" ولعلها محذوفة في \"س\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٢٩، ٣٥٣٠).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"الرواية\" وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\".","vol":"14","page":43},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ لَعِبَتِ الحَبَشَةُ بحِرابِهِم فرَحًا بقُدومِهِ (^١).\nفإِن كانَت هذه القِصَّةُ وما رَوَته عائشَةُ واحِدَةً ففيها ما دَلَّ على أنَّها كانَت غَيرَ بالِغَةٍ في ذَلِكَ الوَقتِ؛ فرسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَنَى بها حينَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ وهِيَ ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان قَبلَ أن يُضرَبَ عَلَيهِنَّ الحِجابُ.\n\n١٣٦٥٩ - ففيما أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَهل، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها كانَت في حِصنِ بَنِي حارِثَةَ يَومَ الخَندَق، وكانَت أُمُّ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ مَعَها في الحِصن، وذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يُضرَبَ عَلَيهِنَّ الحِجابُ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٦٠ - وعن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ في قِصَّةِ نُزولِ تَوبَةِ أبي لُبابَةَ في قِصَّةِ بَني قُرَيظَةَ، قالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -: أفَلا أُبَشِّرُه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"بَلَى، إن شئتِ\". قالَت: فقُمتُ على بابِ حُجرَتِي فقُلتُ، وذلك قَبلَ أن يُضرَبَ عَلَينا الحِجابُ: يا أبا لُبابَةَ، أبشِرْ [فقَد تابَ اللَّهُ] (^٣) عَلَيكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٢٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٤٩)، وأبو داود (٤٩٢٣). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١١٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٤٠. وأخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٢/ ٣٧٣ من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وابن جرير في تاريخه ٢/ ٥٧٥ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في س: \"بتوبة الله\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٦، ١٧. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٩٤ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"14","page":44},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وغَزوَةُ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ كانَت عَقِيبَ الخَندَقِ سنةَ خَمسٍ؛ فنُزولُ الحِجابِ كان بَعدَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2986>بابُ ما جاءَ في القَواعِدِ مِنَ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: ﴿وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ﴾ الآيَةَ [النور: ٣١]. فنُسِخَ واستُثنِيَ مِن ذَلِكَ: ﴿وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا﴾ الآيَةَ (^١) [النور: ٦٠].\n\n١٣٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّيّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا﴾ [النور: ٦٠]: هِيَ المَرأَةُ لا جُناحَ عَلَيها أن تَجلِسَ في بَيتِها بدِرعٍ وخِمارٍ وتَضَعَ عَنها الجِلبابَ ما لَم تتَبَرَّجْ لِما يَكرَهُ اللَّهُ، وهو قَولُه: ﴿فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ﴾ ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ﴾ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤١١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٦٠، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٨/ ٢٦٤١ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":45},{"text":"١٣٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشِرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا مالكُ بن يَحيىَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرِّيتِ (^٢)، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يَقرأ: (أَن يَضَعنَ مِن ثيابِهِنَّ) قال: الجِلبابُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَكَمَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: ﴿فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ﴾ قال: الجِلبابُ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: تَضَعُ الجِلبابَ (^٥). وعن مُجاهِدٍ ﴿وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ﴾ يقولُ: أن يَلبَسنَ جَلابيبَهُنَّ خَيرٌ لَهُنَّ (^٦).\n\n١٣٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٧: \"البصري\".\n(^٢) في س: \"الحارث\"، وفي ص ٧: \"الحريث\". ينظر تقريب التهذيب ١/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في فضائل القرآن ص ١٧٩ عن يزيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى في الجعديات (١٤٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٦٢، وابن أبي حاتم ٨/ ٢٦٤٠ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) ينظر تفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٨/ ٢٦٤٠. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور في السنن (١٦١٦ - تفسير).\n(^٦) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٩٤، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٦٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٨/ ٢٦٤٢.","vol":"14","page":46},{"text":"الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ قال: كُنَّا نَدخُلُ على حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ وقَد جَعَلَتِ الجِلبابَ هَكَذا وتَنَقَّبَت به، فنَقولُ لَها: رَحِمَكِ اللَّهُ! قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ﴾ هو الجِلبابُ. قال: فتَقولُ لَنا: أيُّ شَئٍ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ؟ فنَقولُ: ﴿وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ﴾ فتَقولُ: هو إثباتُ الجِلبابِ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كُنّا نَفرَحُ يومَ الجُمُعَةِ. قُلتُ: ولِمَ؟ قال: كانَت لَنا عَجوزٌ تَبعَثُ إلَى بُضاعَةَ فتأخُذُ مِن أُصولِ السِّلقِ فتَطرَحُه في قِدرٍ، وتُكَركِرُ حَبّاتٍ مِن شَعيرٍ، فكُنّا إذا صَلَّينا انصَرَفنا إلَيها، فنُسلِّمُ عَلَيها فتُقَدِّمُه إلَينا، فكُنّا نَفرَحُ بيَومِ الجُمُعَةِ مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ، وما كُنّا نَقيلُ ولا نَتَغَدَّى إلَّا بَعدَ الجُمُعَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّهُما كانا يَزورانِ أُمِّ أيمَنَ بَعدَ وفاةِ\n_________\n(^١) جزء سعدان (٦٠).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٠١٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٤٨)، ومسلم (٨٥٩).","vol":"14","page":47},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَت حاضنَةً لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٣٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نُعَيمٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن النَّضرِ الجارودِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ الحُلُوانِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ الكِلابِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَة، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: ذَهَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أُمِّ أيمَنَ زائرًا وذَهَبتُ مَعَه، فقَرَّبَت إلَيه شَرابًا، فإِمّا كان صائمًا وإِمّا كان لا يُريدُه فرَدَّه، فأَقبَلَت على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تُصاخِبُه، فقالَ أبو بكر - ﵁ - بَعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: انطَلِق بنا إلَى أُمِّ أيمَنَ نَزورُها. فلَمّا انتَهَينا إلَيها بَكَت، فقالا لَها: ما يُبكيكِ؟ ما عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيرٌ لِرسولِه - ﷺ -. قالَت: واللَّهِ ما أبكِي ألَّا أكونَ أعلَمُ ما عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيرٌ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَكِن أبكِي أنَّ الوَحيَ انقَطَعَ مِنَ السَّماءِ. فهَيَّجَتْهُما على البُكاءِ فجَعَلا يَبكيانِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ، في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2987>بابُ ما تُبدِي المَرأَةُ مِن زينَتِها لِلمَذكورينَ في الآيَةِ مِن مَحارِمِها</span>\n\n١٣٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٦٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٦٣٥) عن الحسن بن علي مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٥٤/ ١٠٣).","vol":"14","page":48},{"text":"ابنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾: والزّينَةُ الظّاهِرَةُ الوَجهُ وكُحلُ العَينِ، وخِضابُ الكَفِّ، والخاتَمُ، فهَذا تُظهِرُه في بَيتِها لِمَن دَخَلَ عَلَيها. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَو آبَائِهِنَّ أَو آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَو أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَو أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَو إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَو بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَو بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَو نِسَائِهِنَّ أَو مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ﴾ [النور: ٣١]: والزّينَةُ التي تُبديها لِهَؤُلاءِ النّاسِ قُرطاها وقِلادَتُها وسِواراها، فأَمّا خَلخالُها ومِعضِدَتُها ونَحرُها وشَعَرُها فإِنَّها لا تُبديه إلَّا لِزَوجِها (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: يَعنِي به القُرطَينِ والسّالِفَةَ (^٢) والسّاعِدَينِ والقَدَمَينِ. وهَذا هو الأفضَلُ؛ ألَّا تُبدِيَ مِن زينَتِها الباطِنَةِ شَيئًا لِغَيرِ زَوجِها إلَّا ما يَظهَرُ مِنها في مِهنَتِها، فإِنَّ ظَهَرَ مِنها لِذَوِي المَحارِمِ شَيءٌ فوقَ سُرَّتِها ودونَ رُكبَتِها فقَد قيلَ: لا بأسَ. استِدلالًا بما رُوّينا في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنه قال: \"إذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم عبدَهَ أمَتَه [أو أجيرَه] (^٣) فلا يَنظُرَنَّ إلَى عَورَتِها\" (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: \"فلا يَنظُرَنَّ إلَى ما دونَ السُّرَّةِ وفوقَ الرُّكبَةِ\" (^٥). والرِّوايَةُ الأخيرَةُ إذا قُرِنَت بالأولَى دَلَّتا على أنَّ المُرادَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٥٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٧٦، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ٢٤ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به وبنحوه.\n(^٢) السالفة: مقدمة العنق. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) ليس في: س.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٢٦١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٣٢٦٢).","vol":"14","page":49},{"text":"بالحَديثِ نَهيُ السَّيِّدِ عن النَّظَرِ إلَى عَورَتِها إذا زَوَّجَها؛ وهِيَ ما بَينَ السُّرَّةِ و(^١) الرُّكبَة، والسَّيِّدُ مَعَها - إذا زَوَّجَها - كَذَوِي مَحارِمِها، إلَّا أنَّ النَّضرَ بنَ شُمَيل رَواه عن سَوّارٍ أبي (^٢) حَمزَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا زَوَّجَ أحَدُكُم عبدَه أمَتَه أو أجيرَه، فلا تَنظُرُ الأمَةُ إلَى شَئ مِن عَورَتِه؛ فإنَّ ما تَحتَ السُّرَّةِ إلَى رُكبَتِهِ (^٣) مِنَ العَورَةِ\" (^٤). وعَلَى هَذا يَدُلُّ سائرُ طُرُقِه، وذَلِكَ لا يُنبِئُ عَمّا دَلَّت عَلَيه الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى، والصَّحيحُ أنَّها لا تُبدِي لِسَيِّدِها بَعدَ ما زَوَّجَها ولا الحَرَّةُ لِذَوِي مَحارِمِها إلَّا ما يَظهَرُ مِنها في حالِ المِهنَة، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ، فأَمّا الزَّوجُ فلَه أن يَنظُرَ إلَى عَورَتِها ولَها أن تَنظُرَ إلَى عَورَتِه سِوَى الفَرجِ ففيه خِلافٌ، وكَذَلِكَ السَّيِّدُ مَعَ أمَتِه إن كانَت تَحِلُّ لَه.\n\n١٣٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه - ﵁ - قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللّه، أرأيتَ عَوراتِنا ما نأتي مِنها وما نَذَرُ؟ قال: \"احفَظْ عَورَتَكَ إلَّا مِن زَوجَتِكَ أو ما مَلكت يَمينُكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: أفَرأيتَ إن كُنَّا بَعضُنا في بَعضٍ؟ قال: \"إنِ استَطَعتَ ألا يَراها أحَدٌ فلا يَرَيَنَّها\". قُلتُ: أرأيتَ إذا كان أحُدُنا خاليًا؟ قال: \"فاللَّهُ أحَقُّ أن يُستَحيا مِنَ النّاسِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) في س: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٤٦٤.\n(^٣) في ص ٧: \"الركبة\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣٢٧٨).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٩٧٥، ٣٢٥٥).","vol":"14","page":50},{"text":"وأَمَّا الفَرجُ:\n\n١٣٦٧٠ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن مَولاةٍ لِعائشَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما رأيتُ فرجَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَطُّ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الصَّمَدِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عَمّارٍ، حَدَّثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَنظُرَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم إلَى فرجِ زَوجَتِه ولا فرجِ جاريَته إذا جامَعَها؛ فإِن ذَلِكَ يورِثُ العَمَى\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ قال: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ بَينَ بَقيَّةَ وبَينَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ - يَعنِي في هَذا الحديثِ - بَعضُ المَجهولينَ أو بَعضُ الضُّعَفاء، إلَّا أنَّ هِشامَ بنَ خالِدٍ قال: عن بَقيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٦٨) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدي به. وابن ماجه (١٩٢٢) من طريق سفيان به، وفيه: \"عن مولى لعائشة\". وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٦٥/ ٣٦٩ من طريق أبي بكر الحيري (أحمد بن الحسن القاضي) به.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٥٠٧.","vol":"14","page":51},{"text":"١٣٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2988>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إبداءِ المُسلِمَةِ زينَتَها لِنِسائها دونَ الكافِراتِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n\n١٣٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ الغازِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ الجُرَشِىُّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ الكِندِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ -﵄-: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّ نِساءً مِن نِساءِ المُسلِمينَ يَدخُلْنَ الحَمّاماتِ ومَعَهُنَّ نِساءُ أهلِ الكِتابِ، فامنَعْ ذَلِكَ وحُلْ دونَه (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ الغازِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى أبى عُبَيدَةَ -﵁-: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّه بَلَغَنى أنَّ نِساءً مِن نِساءِ المُسلِمينَ يَدخُلْنَ الحَمّاماتِ مَعَ نِساءِ أهلِ الشِّركِ، فانْهَ مَن قِبَلَكَ عن ذَلِكَ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٠٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان فى المجروحين ١/ ٢٠٢، وابن عساكر ٤٦/ ٣٠٣ من طريق هشام بن خالد به. وذكر أبو حاتم أنه موضوع لا أصل له. العلل ٦/ ١٤١، ١٤٢.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١٥٨٠ - تفسير).","vol":"14","page":52},{"text":"تُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَنظُرَ إلَى عَورَتِها إلَّا أهلُ مِلَّتِها (^١).\n\n١٣٦٧٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: لا تَضَعُ المُسلِمَةُ خِمارَها عِندَ مُشرِكَةٍ، ولا تَقْبَلُها (^٢)؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ﴾ فلسنَ مِن نِسائهِنَّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2989>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إبدائها زينَتَها لِما مَلَكَت يَمينُها</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n\n١٣٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو جُمَيعٍ سالِمُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أتَى فاطِمَةَ بعَبدٍ قَد وهَبَه لَها. قال: وعَلَى فاطِمَةَ -﵂- ثَوبٌ إذا قَنَّعَت به رأسَها لَم يَبلُغْ رِجلَيها، وإِذا غَطَّت به رِجلَيها لَم يَبلُغْ رأسَها، فلَمّا رأى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ما تَلقَى قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ عَلَيكِ بأسٌ؛ إنَّما هو أبوكِ وغُلامُكِ\" (^٤).\nتابَعَه سَلَّامُ بنُ أبى الصَّهباءِ عن ثابِتٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (١٥٨١ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٦) عن إسماعيل بن عياش به. وليس فيه \"عن أبيه\".\n(^٢) أى: لا تكون قابلة لها. الدر المنثور ١١/ ٣٠.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (١٥٧٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٧٧ من طريق ليث بنحوه.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٤٠٧، وأبو داود (٤١٠٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٦٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١١٥٢ من طريق سلام به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٧١: إسناده جيد.","vol":"14","page":53},{"text":"١٣٦٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ محمدُ بنُ خازِمٍ الضَّريرُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، قال: استأذَنتُ عَلَيها فقالَت: مَن هَذا؟ فقُلتُ: سُلَيمانُ. قالَت: كَم بَقِىَ عَلَيكَ مِن مُكاتَبَتِكَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: عَشرُ أَواقٍ. قالَتِ: ادخُل؛ فإِنَّكَ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيكَ دِرهَمٌ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه قال: إن كانَت أُمَّهاتُ المُؤمِنينَ يَكونُ لِبَعضِهِنَّ المُكاتَبُ فتَكشِفُ له الحِجابَ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ، فإِذا قَضَى أرخَته دونَه (^٢).\nوكانَ الحَسَنُ والشَّعبِىُّ وطاوُسٌ ومُجاهِدٌ يَكرَهونَ أن يَنظُرَ العَبدُ إلَى شَعَرِ سَيِّدَتِه (^٣)؛ وكأنَّهُم عَدُّوا الشَّعَرَ مِنَ الزّينَةِ التى لا تُبدِيها لِعَبدِها، كما عَدَّه ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- -فيما رُوّيناه عنه- مِنَ الزّينَةِ التى لا تُبدِيها لِمَحارِمِها، ورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ الصّائغِ قال: قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: يُخرِجُها عبدُها؟ قال: لا؛ لأنَّهُم يَرَونَ العَبدَ ضَيعَةً (^٤). وظاهَرُ الكِتابِ أولَى بالاتِّباعِ مَعَ ما فيه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2990>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إبدائها زينَتَها لِغَيِر أولِى الإربَةِ مِنَ الرِّجالِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٠١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٢٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى\n٣/ ١١٢ من طريق عمرو بن ميمون به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٦٧١).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (٢١٦٧٣).\n(^٣) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٢٧)، وابن أبى شيبة ٦/ ٢٦٣، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٧٨٢ من طريق إبراهيم به.","vol":"14","page":54},{"text":"١٣٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ [ابنِ صالِحٍ] (^١)، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى (^٢) طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: هو الرَّجُلُ يَتبَعُ القَومَ وهو مُغَفَّلٌ فى عَقلِه؛ لا يَكتَرِثُ لِلنِّساءِ ولا يَشتَهِيهِنَّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى قَولِه: ﴿غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ﴾ قال: الَّذِى لَيسَ له إرْبٌ أى حاجَةٌ فى النِّساءِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجِيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ﴾ قال: هو الَّذِى لا يُهِمُّه إلَّا بَطنُه، ولا يُخافُ على النِّساءِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"بن أبى صالح\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: س. وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٦٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٧٨ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٦٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) تفسير مجاهد ٤٩٢، وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٦٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٧٨ من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"14","page":55},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه قال: هو الأحمَقُ الَّذِى لَيسَ له فى النِّساءِ إرْبٌ، أى حاجَةٌ (^١). وعن الحَسَنِ قال: هو الَّذِى لا عَقلَ له، ولا يَشتَهِى النِّساءَ ولا تَشتَهيه النِّساءُ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رَجُلٌ يَدخُلُ على أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُخَنَّثٌ، وكانوا يَعُدُّونَه مِن غَيرِ أولِى الإربَةِ، فدَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَومًا وهو عِندَ بَعضِ نِسائه وهو يَنعَتُ امرأةً، فقالَ: إنَّها إذا أقبَلَت أقبَلَت بأَربَعٍ، وإِذا أدبَرَت أدبَرَت بثَمانٍ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-:\"ألَا أرَى هَذا يَعلَمُ ما ههُنا؟! لا يَدخُلَنَّ عَلَيكُنَّ هَذا\". فحَجَبوه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nفاستَدَلَّ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بما قال المُخَنَّثُ على أنَّه مِن أولِى الإربَةِ فحَجَبَه. واللهُ\nأعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥٧، ٥٨، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن أبى حاتم ٨/ ٢٥٧٨.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤١٠٨). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٤٧) عن محمد بن يحيى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٨١/ ٣٣).","vol":"14","page":56},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2991>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إبدائها زينَتَها لِلطِّفلِ الَّذينَ لَم يَظهَروا على عَوراتِ النِّساءِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى [وهو أصدقُ القائلينَ] (^١): ﴿أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النور: ٣١].\n\n١٣٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجِيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: هُمُ الَّذينَ لا يَدرُونَ ما النِّساءُ مِنَ الصِّغَرِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الإسماعيلىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ حَمّادِ بنِ زُغبَةَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ -﵂- استأذَنَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى الحِجامَةِ فأَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أبا طَيْبَةَ أن يَحجُمَها. قال: حَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: كان أخاها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، أو غُلامًا لَم يَحتَلِمْ (^٣). واللهُ سبحانَه أعلمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: ص ٧.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٩٢، وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧١، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره\n٨/ ٢٥٧٩ به من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٧٥)، ومسلم (٢٢٠٦/ ٧٢)، وأبو داود (٤١٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٨٠)، وابن حبان (٥٦٠٢) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"14","page":57},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2992>بابُ استِئذانِ المَملوكِ والطِّفلِ فى العَوراتِ الثَّلاثِ، واستِئذانِ مَن بَلَغَ الحُلُمَ مِنهُم فى جَميعِ الحالاتِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٥٨]. قال: إذا خَلا الرَّجُلُ بأَهلِه بَعدَ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ لا يَدخُلُ عَلَيه خادِمٌ ولا صَبِىٌّ إلَّا بإِذنٍ حَتَّى يُصَلِّىَ الغَداةَ، وإِذا خَلا بأَهلِه عِندَ الظُّهرِ فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ رُخِّصَ لَهُم فيما بَينَ ذلِكَ بغَيرِ إذنٍ، وهو قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ جُنَاحٌ بَعْدَهُنَّ﴾ [النور: ٥٨]. فأَمّا مَن بَلَغَ الحُلُمَ فإِنَّه لا يَدخُلُ على الرَّجُلِ وأَهلِه إلَّا بإِذنٍ على حالٍ، وهو قَولُه: ﴿وَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ (^١) [النور: ٥٩].\n\n١٣٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: فى حَجْرِى أُختانِ أَمُونُهُما وأُنفِقُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٥٣، ٣٥٧، ٣٥٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٦٣٤ - ٢٦٣٧ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":58},{"text":"عَلَيهِما، فأَستاذِنُ عَلَيهِما؟ قال: نَعَم. فرادَدتُه (^١) قُلتُ: إنَّ ذا يَشُقُّ علىَّ. قال: إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [النور: ٥٨]. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فلَم يُؤمَرْ (^٢) هَؤُلاءِ بالإِذنِ إلَّا فى هذه العَوراتِ الثَّلاثِ. قال: ﴿وَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ (^٣) [النور: ٥٩].\n\n١٣٦٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: آيَةٌ لَم يُؤمِنْ بها أكثَرُ النّاسِ؛ آيَةُ الإذنِ، وإِنِّى آمُرُ هذه -جاريَةً له قَصيرَةً قائمَةً على رأسِه- أن تَستأذِنَ عَلَىَّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ هُذَيلًا الأعمَى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: عَلَيكُم إذنٌ على أُمَّهاتِكُم (^٥).\n\n١٣٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فراودته\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"يأمر\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٦١٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٠٦٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١٩١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٤٥ من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"14","page":59},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ نُذَيرٍ، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ -﵁- سُئلَ: أيَستأذِنُ الرَّجُلُ على والِدَتِهِ؟ قال: نَعَم؛ إن لَم تَفعَلْ رأَيتَ مِنها ما تَكرَهُ (^١).\nورُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٣٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنْجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سأَلَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أستاذِنُ يا رسولَ اللهِ على أُمِّى؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". فقالَ: إنِّى مَعَها فى البَيتِ. فقالَ: \"استأذِنْ عَلَيها\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: إنِّى خادِمُها. فقالَ: \"أتُحِبُّ أن تَراها عُريانَةً؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاستأذِنْ عَلَيها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبى عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ سأَلاه عن الاستِئذانِ فى الثَّلاثِ عَوراتٍ التى أمَرَ اللهُ بها فى القُرآنِ، فقالَ لهم ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ اللهَ سَتِيرٌ يُحِبُّ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٢١). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٠٦٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الجرجانى\".\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٦٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٤٥٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥ من طريق صفوان به.","vol":"14","page":60},{"text":"السَّتْرَ، كان النّاسُ لَيسَ لَهُم سُتورٌ على أبوابِهِم، ولا حِجالٌ (^١) فى بُيوتِهِم، فرُبَّما فاجأَ (^٢) الرَّجُلَ خادِمُه أو ولَدُه أو يَتيمُه فى حَجْرِه وهو على أهلِه، فأَمَرَهُمُ اللهُ ﷿ أن يَستأذِنوا فى تِلكَ العَوْراتِ التى سَمَّى اللهُ ﷿، ثُمَّ جاءَ اللهُ ﷿ بَعدُ بالسُّتورِ، وبَسَطَ عَلَيهِم فى الرِّزقِ، فاتَّخَذوا السُّتورَ واتَّخَذوا الحِجالَ (^٣)، فرأى النّاسُ أنَّ تِلكَ (^٤) قَد كَفاهُم مِن الاستِئذانِ الَّذِى [أمَرَ بهِ] (^٥) (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: حَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ وعَطاءٍ يُضَعِّفُ هذه الرِّوايَةَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2993>بابّ: كَيفَ (^٨) الاستِئذانُ</span>؟\n\n١٣٦٩١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"حجاب\". والحجال جمع حَجَلة بفتحتين: بيت كالقبة يستر بالثياب يجعلونها للعروس.\nعون المعبود ٥/ ٥١٥.\n(^٢) فى س: \"جاء\".\n(^٣) فى س: \"الحجاب\".\n(^٤) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفى م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٥) فى س: \"أمر به الله\"، وفى م: \"أمر الله به\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٦٣٢ عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأبو داود (٥١٩٢) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به.\n(^٧) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٧٤: ما هى بضعيفة؛ فيكون لابن عباس فى المسألة قولان.\n(^٨) فى حاشية الأصل. \"بخطه: كيفية\".","vol":"14","page":61},{"text":"الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- قال: سَلَّمَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ قَيسٍ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ فلَم يُؤذَنْ له فرَجَعَ، فأَرسَلَ عُمَرُ -﵁- فى إثْرِه فقالَ: لِمَ رَجَعتَ؟ قال: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا سَلَّمَ أحَدُكُم ثَلاثًا (^١) فلَمْ يُجَبْ فَلَيَرجِعْ\". فقالَ: لَتأتيَنِّى على ما تَقولُ ببَيِّنَةٍ أو لأفعَلَنَّ بكَ. كَذا، غَيرَ أنَّه قَد أوعَدَه. قال: فجاءَ أبو موسَى مُنتَقِعًا لَونُه وأَنا فى حَلْقَةٍ جالِسٌ، فقُلنا: ما شأنُكَ؟ فقالَ: سَلَّمتُ على عُمَرَ -فأَخبَرَنا خَبَرَه- فهَل سَمِعَ أحَدٌ مِنكُم مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قالوا: نَعَم، كُلُّنا قَد سَمِعَه. قال: فأَرسَلوا مَعَه رَجُلًا مِنهُم حَتَّى أتَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2994>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَخلو بذاتِ مَحرَمِه ويُسافِرُ بها</span>\n\n١٣٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِاللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النّاقِدُ قالا: حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"مرات\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٢٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٩٥١٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٦٩٠) من طريق\nالجريرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٥٣/ ٣٥)، والبخارى (٧٣٥٣).","vol":"14","page":62},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألَا لا يَبيتَنَّ رَجُلٌ عِندَ امرأَةٍ إلَّا أن يَكونَ ناكِحًا أو ذا مَحرَمٍ\". [زادَ يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى فى رِوايَتِه: ثَلاثًا] (^١). وقالَ: عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِى خَيثَمَةَ، وقالَ فى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: \"عِندَ امرأَةٍ ثَيِّبٍ\". لَم يَقُلْ: ثَلاثًا. هَكَذا فى نُسخَتى لمُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُسافِرِ امرأَةٌ ثَلَاثَةَ أيّامٍ فصاعِدًا إلَّا مَعَ أبيها أو ابنِها أو أخيها أو زَوجِها أو ذِى مَحرَمٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2995>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الرَّجُلِ يَنظُرُ إلىَ عَورَةِ الرَّجُلِ، والمَرأَةِ تَنظُرُ إلَى عَورَةِ المَرأَةِ، أو (^٥) يُفضِى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما إلَى صاحِبِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٦٩٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ ابنُ السِّندِىِّ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: زاد فى رواية يحيى بن يحيى وعلى بن حجر: ثلاثًا\". والحديث أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٥٨٧، ٥٥٩٠) عن أبى يعلى به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢١٥) من طريق على بن حجر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥١٥)، وابن حبان (٢٧١٩) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٤٠/ ٤٢٣).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"و\".","vol":"14","page":63},{"text":"مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن تُباشِرَ المَرأَةُ المَرأَةَ فى ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ؛ أجلَ (^١) أن تَصِفَها لِزَوجِها حَتَّى كأَنَّه يَنظُرُ إلَيها، ونَهانا إذا كُنّا ثَلاثًة أن يَنتَجِىَ (^٢) اثنانِ دونَ واحِدٍ؛ أجلَ (^٣) أن يُحزِنَه حَتَّى يَختَلِطَ بالنّاسِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ قال: حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنظُرُ الرَّجُلُ إلَى عريةِ (^٦) الرَّجُلِ، ولا تَنظُرُ المَرأَةُ إلَى عريةِ المَرأَةِ، ولا يُفضِى الرَّجُلُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ فى الثَّوبِ، ولا تُفضِى المَرأَةُ إلَى المَرأَةِ فى الثَّوبِ\" (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"من أجل\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"يناجى\"، وفى ص ٧: \"يتناجى\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"من أجل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٣٠) مقتصرًا على الشطر الأول. وأحمد (٤١٧٥، ٤١٩٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٣، ٤١٦١) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وتقدم فى (١١٢١٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٨٤/ ٣٧)، والبخارى (٥٢٤٠، ٦٢٩٠).\n(^٦) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"عورة\". قال الإمام النووى: ضبطنا هذه اللفظة على ثلاثة أوجه؛ عِرْية بكسر العين وإسكان الراء، وعُرْية بضم العين وإسكان الراء، وعُرَيَّة بضم العين وفتح الراء وتشديد الياء، وكلها صحيحة؛ أى: متجردة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٤/ ٣٠.\n(^٧) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٩٢. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٧٢)، وابن حبان (٥٥٧٤) من طريق محمد بن =","vol":"14","page":64},{"text":"وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n١٣٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الطُّفاوَةِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُفضِيَنَّ رَجُلٌ إلَى رَجُلٍ، ولا امرأَةٌ إلَى امرأَةٍ؛ إلَّا ولَدٌ أو والِدٌ\". قال: فذَكَرَ الثّالِثَةَ فنَسيتُها (^٢).\n\n١٣٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَلمانَ، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال \"لَعَنَ اللهُ النّاظِرَ والمَنظورَ إلَيه\" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2996>بابُ ما جاءَ فى النَّظَرِ إلَى الغُلامِ الأمرَدِ بالشَّهوَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٠].\n\n١٣٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= رافع به. وأحمد (١١٦٠١)، وأبو داود (٤٠١٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٢٩) من طريق ابن أبى فديك به. والترمذى (٢٧٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٦٦١) من طريق الضحاك بن عثمان به.\n(^١) مسلم (٣٣٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٩٢، وأبو داود (٤٠١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٧٧) عن ابن علية به مطولًا. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٦٨). وسيأتى فى (١٤٢١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٤٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب به دون ذكر الحسن.","vol":"14","page":65},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ شَمّاسٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الوَضِينِ، عن بَعضِ المَشيَخَةِ قال: كان يُكْرَهُ أن يُحَدَّ النَّظَرُ إلَى الغُلامِ الأمرَدِ الجَميلِ الوَجهِ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ هَذا عن بَقيَّةَ عن الوازعِ بنِ نافِعٍ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢) - عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٣). والمَشهورُ عن بَقيَّةَ ما ذَكَرناه.\nورَوَى أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ الطَّحّانُ فى مَعناه حَديثًا مَوضوعًا عن الثَّورِىِّ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٤). وفيما ذَكَرنا مِنَ الآيَةِ غُنْيَةٌ عن غَيرِها، وفِتنَتُه ظاهِرَةٌ لا تَحتاجُ إلَى خَبَرٍ يُبَيِّنُها. وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2997>بابُ ما جاءَ فى مُصافَحَةِ الرَّجُلِ الرَّجُلَ</span>\n\n١٣٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الملِكِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سأَلتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁-: أكانَتِ المُصافَحَةُ فى أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٣٧)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٥٣٩٥) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٤٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٥٧، ٢٥٥٨ من طريق بقية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الجوزى فى العلل المتناهية ٢/ ٢٨٤ من طريق عمر الطحان به.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٩٤٢)، وفى الآداب ص ١٨٠. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٧٢٩)، وابن حبان (٤٩٢) من طريق همام به.","vol":"14","page":66},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن أبى بَلْجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى زَيدُ بنُ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا التَقَى المُسلِمانِ فتَصافَحا فحَمِدا اللهَ واستَغفَراه غُفِرَ لهما\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٠١ - ورَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن عمرِو بنِ عَونٍ عن هُشَيمٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن زَيدٍ أبى الحَكَمِ العَنَزِىِّ. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن مُسلِمَينِ يَلتَقَيانِ فيَتَصافَحانِ إلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُما قَبلَ أن يَفتَرِقا (^٤) \".\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٢٦٣).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٩٥٦). وأخرجه الطيالسى (٧٨٧) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢١١). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١١١٣).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"يتفرقا\".\nوالحديث عند أبى داود (٥٢١٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦١١٠)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٣٧٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٤٧)، والترمذى (٢٧٢٧) من طريق ابن نمير به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث حسن غريب من حديث أبى إسحاق عن البراء، وقد روى عن البراء من غير وجه. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٤٣).","vol":"14","page":67},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2998>بابُ ما جاءَ فى مُعانَقَةِ الرَّجُلِ الرَّجُلَ إذا لَم تَكُنْ مُؤَدِّيَةً إلَى تَحريكِ شَهوَةٍ</span>\n\n١٣٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^١) يَعنى خالِدَ بنَ ذَكوانَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ بُشَيرِ بنِ كَعبٍ العَدَوِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن عَنَزَةَ، أنَّه قال لأبِى ذَرٍّ -﵁- حَيثُ سُيِّرَ مِنَ الشّامِ: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أسأَلَكَ عن حَديثٍ مِن حَديثِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: إذَنْ أُخبِرَكَ به إلَّا أن يَكونَ سِرًّا. قُلتُ: إنَّه لَيسَ بسرٍّ، هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُصافِحُكُم إذا لَقيتُموه؟ قال: ما لَقيتُه قَطُّ إلَّا صافَحَنِى، وبَعَثَ إلَىَّ ذاتَ يَومٍ ولَم أكُنْ فى أهلِى، فلَمّا جِئتُ أُخبِرتُ أنَّه أرسَلَ إلَىَّ، فأَتَيتُه وهو على سَريرِه فالتَزَمَنِى، فكانَت تِلكَ (^٢) أجوَدَ وأَجوَدَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٠٤ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيَنحَنِى بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الحسن\".\nوقال المزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٦٠: خالد بن ذكران أبو الحسين، ويقال: أبو الحسن.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"الحالة\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٤٤، ٢١٤٧٦) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١١١٥).","vol":"14","page":68},{"text":"إذا التَقَينا؟ قال: \"لا\". قيلَ: فيَلتَزِمُ بَعضُنا بَعضًا؟ قال: \"لا\". قيلَ: فيُصافِحُ بَعضُنا بَعضًا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١). فهَذا يتفرَّدُ به حَنظَلَةُ السَّدُوسِىُّ، وكانَ قَدِ اختَلَطَ (^٢)، تَرَكَه يَحيَى القَطّانُ لاختِلاطِه (^٣). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسماعيلَ الأسَدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه كان بماءٍ له، فبَلَغَه أنَّ الحُسَينَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵄- تَوَجَّهَ العِراقَ فلَحِقَه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى أمرِه بالرُّجوعِ فأَبَى أن يَرجِعَ، فاعتَنَقَه ابنُ عُمَرَ وبَكَى وقالَ: أستَودِعُكَ اللهَ مِن قَتيلٍ (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه شَبابَةُ.\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن يَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ (^٥) سالِمٍ عن أبيه عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٤٤)، والترمذى (٢٧٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٠٢) من طريق حنظلة به. وقال\nالترمذى: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) حنظلة بن عبيد الله. ويقال: ابن عبد الله. ويقال: ابن عبد الرحمن. ويقال: ابن أبى صفية السدوسى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٤٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٤٤٧. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٨٤: ضعيف. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٧٧: والحديث الذى عارضه مثل حديثه فى اللين.\n(^٣) الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٤٠، ٢٤١.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٤٧٠، ٤٧١ من طريق شبابة به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"عن\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٢٦، والثقات ٧/ ٦١٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٥٦ من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به.","vol":"14","page":69},{"text":"١٣٧٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن غالِبٍ التَّمّارِ قال: كان محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ يَكرَهُ المُصافَحَةَ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلشَّعبِىِّ فقالَ: كان أصحابُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- إذا التَقَوْا صافَحُوا، فإِذا قَدِموا مِن سَفَرٍ عانَقَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-2999>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ الرَّجُلِ ولَدَه</span>\n\n١٣٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبَّلَ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵄- والأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ التَّميمِىُّ جالِسٌ عِندَه، فقالَ الأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى عَشَرَةً مِنَ الوَلَدِ ما قَبَّلتُ مِنهُم إنسانًا قَطُّ. قال: فنَظَرَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ مَن لا يَرحَمُ لا يُرحَمُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦١١٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٤٠، ٤١، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٨٩)، وعنه أحمد (٧٦٤٩)، وابن حبان (٥٥٩٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣١٨/ ٦٥)، والبخارى (٥٩٩٧).","vol":"14","page":70},{"text":"عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: أتُقَبِّلونَ الصِّبيانَ؟! فما نُقَبِّلُهُم. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَ (^١) أملِكُ لَكَ أن نَزَعَ اللهُ مِن قَلبِكَ الرَّحمَةَ؟ \" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن مَيسَرَةَ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا كان أشبَهَ كَلامًا وحَديثًا مِن فاطِمَةَ برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَت إذا دَخَلَت عَلَيه رَحَّبَ بها، وقامَ إلَيها فأَخَذَ بيَدِها فقَبَّلَها، وأَجلَسَها فى مَجلِسِه، وكانَ إذا دَخَلَ عَلَيها رَحَّبَت به، وقامَت فأَخَذَت بيَدِه فقَبَّلَته (^٤). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3000>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ الرأسِ</span>\n\n١٣٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"و\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٤١، والأربعين الصغرى (٧٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٥٩٥) من طريق محمد ابن يوسف به. وأحمد (٢٤٢٩١)، ومسلم (٢٣١٧/ ٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٦٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٩٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٥٢١٧) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.","vol":"14","page":71},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت فى قِصَّةِ الإفكِ: ثُمَّ قال -تَعنِى النَّبِىَّ- -ﷺ - \"أبشِرِى يا عائشَةُ؛ فإنَّ اللهَ قَد أنزَلَ عُذرَكِ\". وقَرأ عَلَيها القُرآنَ. فقالَ أبَواىَ: قومِى فقَبِّلى رأسَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقُلتُ (^١): أحمدُ اللهَ لا إيّاكُما (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3001>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ ما بَيَن العَينَيِنِ</span>\n\n١٣٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: لما قَدِمَ جَعفَرٌ -﵁- مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ ضَمَّه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- وقَبَّلَ ما بَينَ عَينَيه وقالَ: \"ما أدرِى بأَيِّهِما أنا أشَدُّ فرَحًا؛ فتحِ خَيبَرَ أو قُدومِ جَعفَرٍ؟ \" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٣٧١٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بُندارٍ الصوفىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ الجَواليقِىُّ، حدثنا خَليفَةُ بنُ خَيّاطٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: لما قَدِمَ جَعفَرٌ مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ استَقبَلَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَبَّلَه (^٤). والمَحفوظُ هو الأوَّلُ مُرسَلًا.\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فقالت\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٢١٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ١٠٦ (١٤٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به مطولًا.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب ص ١٨٢، ١٨٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٢٠) من طريق الأجلح به. دون ذكر قول النبى -ﷺ-.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢٨١ من طريق مجالد به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٧٩: سنده واهٍ.","vol":"14","page":72},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3002>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ الخَدِّ</span>\n\n١٣٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سالِمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- أوَّلَ ما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فإِذا عائشَةُ ابنَتُه مُضطَجِعَةٌ قَد أصابَها حُمَّى، فأَتاها أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقالَ: كَيفَ أنتِ يا بُنَيَّةُ؟ وقَبَّلَ خَدَّها (^١).\n\n١٣٧١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، عن إياسِ بنِ دَغْفَلٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا نَضرَةَ قَبَّلَ خَدَّ الحَسَنِ يَعنِى البَصرِىَّ ﵀ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3003>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ اليَدِ</span>\n\n١٣٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى لَيلَى حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- حَدَّثَه. وذَكَرَ قِصَّةً. قال: فدَنَونا مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقَبَّلْنا يَدَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥٢٢٢). وأخرجه البخارى (٣٩١٧، ٣٩١٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن يوسف به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٢٢١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦١٢٦). وعند أبى داود: الحسن بن على -﵄-.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٤٧، ٥٢٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٨٤) من طريق زهير به. وابن ماجه (٣٧٠٤) من طريق يزيد به بنحوه. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٥٦٧، ١١١٧).","vol":"14","page":73},{"text":"١٣٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن زيادِ بنِ فَيّاضٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: لمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ -﵁- الشّامَ استَقبَلَه أبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ الجَرّاحِ -﵁- فقَبَّلَ يَدَه ثُمَّ خَلَوَا يَبكيانِ. قال: فكانَ تَميمٌ يقولُ: تَقبيلُ اليَدِ سُنَّةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3004>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قُبلَةِ الجَسَدِ</span>\n\n١٣٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن حَصينٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن أُسَيدِ بنِ حُضَيرٍ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ -﵁- قال: بَينَما هو يُحَدِّثُ القَومَ -وكانَ فيه مِزاحٌ- بَيْنا يُضحِكُهُم فطَعَنَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى خاصِرَتِه بعودٍ، فقالَ: أصبِرْنِى. قال: \"اصطَبرْ\". قال: إنَّ عَلَيكَ قَميصًا ولَيسَ علىَّ قَميصٌ. فرَفَعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن قَميصِه فاحتَضَنَه وجَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُ كَشحَه (^٢). قال: إنَّما أرَدتُ هَذا يا رسولَ اللهِ (^٣).\nقَولُه: أصبِرْنِى. يُريدُ: أقِدْنِى مِن نَفسِكَ. وقَولُه: \"اصطَبِرْ\". مَعناه: استَقِدْ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق فى أمالى الصحابة (١١٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى الإخوان (١٢٩، ١٤٣) من طريق الثورى به وليس عنده قول تميم.\n(^٢) الكشح: هو ما بين الخاصرة إلى الضلع الأقصر من أضلاع الجنب. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢٢٤). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٥٥٦) من طريق عمرو بن عون به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٥٢): صحيح الإسناد. وسيأتى فى (١٦١١٤).","vol":"14","page":74},{"text":"١٣٧١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مَطَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمَنِ الأعنَقُ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ أبانٍ بنتُ الوازِعِ بنِ زارِعٍ، عن جَدِّها زارِعٍ، وكانَ فى وفدِ عبدِ القَيسِ قال: فجَعَلْنا نَتَبادَرُ مِن رَواحِلِنا فنُقَبِّلُ يَدَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ورِجلَه، وانتَظَرَ المُنذِرُ الأشَجُّ حَتَّى أتَى عَيْبَتَه (^١) فلَبِسَ ثَوبَيه ثُمَّ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له: \"إنَّ فيكَ خَلَّتَينِ يُحِبُّهُما اللهُ؛ الحِلمُ والأناةُ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنا أتَخَلَّقُ بهِما أمِ اللهُ جَبَلَنِى عَلَيهِما؟ قال: \"بَلِ اللهُ جَبَلَكَ عَلَيهِما\". قال: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى جَبَلَنى على خُلُقَينِ (^٢) يُحِبُّهُما اللهُ ورسولُه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عيبته: مستوح الثياب. عون المعبود ٤/ ٥٢٥.\n(^٢) فى م: \"خلتين\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٩٦٦)، وأبو داود (٥٢٢٥). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٩٧٥) من طريق مطر به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٥٣) دون ذكر الرِّجْل.","vol":"14","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3005>جماعُ أبوابِ ما على الأولياءِ، وإِنكاحِ الآباءِ البِكرَ بغَيِر إذنِها، ووَجهِ النِّكاحِ، والرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ أمَتَه ويَجعَلُ عِتقَها صَداقَها، وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3006>بابُ قَولِ اللهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ﴾</span> [النور: ٣٢].\nوأنَّه يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ دَلَّهُم على ما فيه رُشدُهُم بالنِّكاحِ؛ لِقَولِه: ﴿إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ فدَلَّ على ما فيه سَبَبُ الغِنَى والعَفافِ، كَقَولِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"سافِروا تَصِحُّوا وتُرزَقوا\"\n\n١٣٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^١) بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رَدّادٍ شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"سافِروا تَصِحُّوا وتَغنَموا\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ أبو العباسِ الدّامَغانِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا بِسطامُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"سافِروا تَصِحُّوا وتَغنَموا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"محمد\". وتقدمت ترجمته فى ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه تمام فى فوائده (٨٥٥) من طريق محمد بن سنان به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٣٩٩) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٠: ابن رداد واهٍ.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٢١ من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٠: القاسم ضعفه أبو حاتم، والخبر منكر.","vol":"14","page":76},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما هَذا دَلالَةً لا حَتمًا أن يُسافِرَ لِطَلَبِ صِحَّةٍ ورِزقٍ. قال: ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الأمرُ بالنِّكَاحِ حَتمًا، وفِى كُلِّ الحَتمِ مِنَ اللهِ الرُّشدُ. قال: وقالَ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ: الأمرُ كُلُّه على الإباحَةِ والدَّلالَةِ على الرُّشدِ حَتَّى توجَدَ الدَّلالَةُ على أنَّه أُريدَ بالأمرِ الحَتمُ، وما نَهَى اللهُ عنه فهو مُحَرَّمٌ حَتَّى توجَدَ الدَّلالَةُ عَلَيه بأَنَّ النَّهىَ عنه (^١) على غَيرِ التَّحريمِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٢١ - واستَدَلَّ لهذا (^٣) القائلِ بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ذَرونِى ما تَرَكتُكُم؛ فإِنَّه إنَّما هَلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم بكَثرَةِ سُؤالِهِم واختِلافِهِم على أنبيائهِم، فما أمَرتُكُم به مِن أمرٍ فأْتوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم، وما نَهَيتُكُم عنه فانتَهُوا\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٢٢ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، بمِثلِ مَعناه (^٥).\n\n١٣٧٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"منه ﷺ\".\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٥/ ١٤٣.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"هذا\".\n(^٤) الشافعى ٥/ ١٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٦٧)، وابن حبان (١٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم فى (١٨٤٤، ٨٢٩٦، ٨٦٨٩).\n(^٥) الشافعى ٥/ ١٤٣. وأخرجه الحميدى (١١٢٥)، وابن حبان (١٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"14","page":77},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذَرونِى ما تَرَكتُكُم؛ فإِنَّما هَلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم بسُؤالِهِم واختِلافِهِم على أنبيائهِم، فإذا أمَرتُكُم بشَئٍ فخُذوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم، وإِذا نَهَيتُكُم عن شَئٍ فانتَهُوا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الأمرُ فى مَعنَى النَّهىِ فيَكونانِ لازِمَينِ إلَّا بدَلالَةٍ أنَّهُما غَيرُ لازِمَينِ، ويَكونُ قَولُه -ﷺ-: \"فأْتوا مِنه ما استَطَعتُم\". أن يَقولَ: عَلَيهِم إتيانُ الأمرِ فيما استَطاعوا؛ لأنَّ النّاسَ إنَّما كُلِّفوا ما استَطاعوا، وعَلَى أهلِ العِلمِ طَلَبُ الدَّلائلِ ليُفَرِّقوا بَينَ الحَتمِ والمُباحِ والإِرشادِ الَّذِى لَيسَ بحَتمٍ فى الأمرِ والنَّهىِ مَعًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٠١) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٢٩) عن ابن نمير به. ومسلم (١٣٣٧)، والترمذى (٢٦٧٩)، وابن ماجه (١، ٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ٥/ ١٤٣.","vol":"14","page":78},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3007>بابٌ: حَتمٌ لازِمٌ لأولياءِ الأيامَى الحَرائرِ البَوالِغِ إذا أرَدنَ النِّكاحَ ودَعَونَ إلَى رِضًا مِنَ الأزواجِ أن يُزَوِّجوهُنَّ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢].\n\n١٣٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ والفَرّاءُ يَعنِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ محمدٍ وقَطَنٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَفصٌ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ طَهْمانَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال فى قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ الآيَةَ: حَدَّثَنِى مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ المُزَنِىُّ -﵁- أنَّها نَزَلَت فيه. قال: كُنتُ زَوَّجتُ أُختًا لِى مِن رَجُلٍ فطَلَّقَها، حَتَّى إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها جاءَ يَخطُبُها، فقُلتُ له: زَوَّجتُكَ وفَرَشتُكَ وأَكرَمتُكَ فطَلَّقتَها، ثُمَّ جِئتَ تَخطُبُها! لا واللهِ لا تَعودُ إلَيها أبَدًا. قال: وكانَ رَجُلًا لا بأسَ به، وكانَتِ المَرأَةُ تُريدُ أن تَرجِعَ إلَيه، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ هذه الآيَةَ. فقُلتُ: الآنَ أفعَلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فزَوَّجتُها إيّاه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٣، والحاكم ٢/ ١٧٥ من طريق أحمد بن حفص به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٠٩٠)، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ٢٠٤ (٤٦٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٩٠٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٣٠).","vol":"14","page":79},{"text":"١٣٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البِسطامِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى وبُندارٌ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، أنَّ مَعقِلَ بنَ يَسارٍ -﵁- كانَت أُختُه عِندَ رَجُلٍ فطَلَّقَها، ثُمّ تَخَلَّى عَنها حَتَّى إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها، ثُمَّ قَرُبَ يَخطُبُها (^١)، فحَمِىَ مَعقِلٌ مِن ذَلِكَ أنَفًا. قال: خَلَّى عَنها وهو يَقدِرُ ثُمَّ قَرُبَ يَخطُبُها! فحالَ بَينَه وبَينَها، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ٢٣٢]. فدَعاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَرأها عَلَيه، فتَرَكَ الحَميَّةَ ثُمَّ استَقادَ لأمرِ اللهِ ﷿ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣). وزَعَمَ الكَلبِىُّ أنَّ أُختَه جُمَيْلُ (^٤) بنتُ يَسارٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3008>بابُ لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ</span>\n\n١٣٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ راشِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"بخطبتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٧١) من طريق محمد بن بشار به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٢: هذا بهيئة المرسل.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٣١).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"جميلة\". وهو مما قيل فى اسمها، وقل: جُمْل. وقيل: اسمها ليلى. ينظر الفتح ١/ ٣١٠، ٣٢٥، ٩/ ١٨٦، والإصابة ١٣/ ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠، ٢٥٣.\n(^٥) الإكمال ٢/ ١٢٥.","vol":"14","page":80},{"text":"يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ المُزَنِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنِى مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ -﵁- قال: كانَت لِى أُختٌ فخُطِبَت إلَىَّ، فكُنتُ أمنَعُها النّاسَ، فأَتانِى ابنُ عَمٍّ لِى فخَطَبَها، فأَنكَحتُها إيّاه، فاصطَحَبا ما شاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها طَلاقًا يَملِكُ الرَّجعَةَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَها حَتَّى انقَضت عِدَّتُها، فلَمّا خُطِبَت إلَىَّ أتانِى فخَطَبَها مَعَ الخُطّابِ، فقُلتُ: مَنَعتُها النّاسَ وآثَرتُكَ بها، ثُمَّ طَلَّقتَها طَلاقًا له رَجعَةٌ، ثُمَّ تَرَكتَها حَتَّى انقَضَت عِدَّتُها، فلَمّا خُطِبَت إلَىَّ أتَيتَنِى مَعَ الخُطّابِ! لا أُزَوِّجُكَ أبَدًا. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢] فكَفَّرتُ عن يَمينِى وأَنكَحتُها إيّاه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ العَقَدِىِّ.\n\n١٣٧٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عامِرٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه مُختَصَرًا إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقُلتُ: واللهِ لا أُنكِحُكَها (^٢) أبَدًا. قال: ففِىَّ نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٥٢)، والطيالسى (٩٧٢)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١٠٤١). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥ (٤٦٨)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٤ من طريق أبى عامر العقدى به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"أنكحها\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٠٨٧).","vol":"14","page":81},{"text":"عن أبى عامِرٍ العَقَدِىِّ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وهَذا أبيَنُ ما فى القُرآنِ مِن أنَّ لِلوَلِىِّ مَعَ المَرأَةِ فى نَفسِها حَقًّا، وأَنَّ على الوَلِىِّ ألَّا يَعضُلَها إذا رَضِيَت أن تَنْكِحَ بالمَعروفِ. قالَ: وجاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ بمِثلِ مَعنَى كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ احمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا تُنكَحُ امرأةٌ بغَيرِ أمرِ وليِّها؛ فإِن نَكَحَت فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ\" -ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ- \"فإِن أصابَها فلَها مَهرُ مِثلِها بما أصابَ مِنها، فإِنِ اشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَسعودٍ، أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى أخبَرَه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٥٢٩).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٢، ١٣.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٥٢٥٣). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٧ من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٧٧٢).","vol":"14","page":82},{"text":"ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عُروةَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَته، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَتْ بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّها فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحِها باطِلٌ، ولَها مَهرُها بما أصابَ مِنها، فإِنِ اشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\". لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: \"بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليها فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، ولَها المَهرُ بما أصابَها\". ثُمَّ الباقِى مِثلُه (^١).\nورَواه أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَتْ بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّها\". وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ وعَبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المَولَى عِندَ كَثيرٍ مِنَ النّاسِ هو ابنُ العَمِّ خاصَّةً، ولَيسَ هو هَكَذا، ولَكِنَّه الوَلِىُّ، فكُلُّ ولِىٍّ لِلِإنسانِ فهو مَولاه، مِثلُ الأبِ والأخِ وابنِ الأخِ والعَمِّ وابنِ العَمِّ وما وراءَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ العَصَبَةِ كُلِّهِم، ومِنه قَولُه: ﴿وَإِنِّي خِفْتُ الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ وَرَائِي﴾ [مريم: ٥]. قال: وممّا يُبَيِّنُ لَكَ أنَّ المَولَى كُلُّ ولِىٍّ، حَديثُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَتْ بغَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٤٧٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٣٢٦). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٣٧) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢١ من طريق أحمد بن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":83},{"text":"إذنِ مَولاها فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ\". أرادَ بالمَولَى الوَلِىَّ. وقالَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِي مَوْلًى عَنْ مَوْلًى شَيْئًا﴾ [الدخان: ٤١]. أفَتَرَى أَنَّما عَنَى ابنَ العَمِّ خاصَّةً دونَ سائرِ أهلِ بَيتِهِ؟! (^١)\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ قال: قال لِىَ الزُّهرِىُّ: إنَّ مَكحولًا يأتينا وسُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى، وايمُ اللهِ إنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى لأحفَظُ الرَّجُلَينِ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الأُشنانِىُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى ابنِ مَعينٍ: فما حالُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى فى الزُّهرِىِّ؟ فقالَ: ثِقَةٌ (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريس الرّازِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ، وذُكِرَ عِندَه أنَّ ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ يَذكُرُ حَديثَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\"، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فلَقِيتُ الزُّهرِىَّ فسأَلتُه عنه فلَم يَعرِفْه وأَثنَى على\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث ٣/ ١٤١، ١٤٢.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٤١ من طريق محمد بن المصفى به.\n(^٣) تاريخ الدارمى ٤٦، ١١٧ (٢٦، ٣٦٠)، ومن طريقه ابن أبى حاتم فى الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٤١.","vol":"14","page":84},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى؛ فقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: إنَّ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ له كُتُبٌ مُدَوَّنَةٌ، ولَيسَ هَذا فى كُتُبِه. يَعنِى حِكايَةَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ فى حَديثِ: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" الَّذِى يَرويه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، قُلتُ له: إنَّ ابنَ عُلَيَّةَ يقولُ: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فسأَلتُ عنه الزُّهرِىَّ فقالَ: لَستُ أحفَظُه. فقالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: لَيسَ يقولُ هَذا إلا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ؛ وإِنَّما عَرَضَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ كُتُبَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ على عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ فأَصلَحَها له. فقُلتُ ليَحيَى: ما كُنتُ أظُنُّ أنَّ عبدَ المَجيدِ هَكَذا. فقالَ: كان أعلَمَ النّاسِ بحَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، ولَكِن لَم يَبذُلْ نَفسَه لِلحَديثِ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ المُزَكِّىَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ محمدَ بنَ هارونَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جَعفَرًا الطَّيالِسِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يوَهِّنُ رِوايَةَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه أنكَرَ مَعرِفَةَ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، وقالَ: لَم يَذكُرْه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ غَيرُ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وإِنَّما سَمِعَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ مِنِ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ سَماعًا لَيسَ بذاكَ، إنَّما صَحَّحَ كُتُبَه على كُتُبِ عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ. وضَعَّفَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ رِوايَةَ إسماعيلَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ جِدًّا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩، وتاريخ يحيى بن معين ٣/ ٨٦ (٣٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٦٥).","vol":"14","page":85},{"text":"وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَفصٍ السَّعدِىَّ يقولُ: سُئلَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ﵀يَعنى وهو حاضِرٌ- عن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ فى النِّكَاحِ بلا ولِىٍّ، فقالَ رَوحٌ الكَرابيسِىُّ: الزُّهرِىُّ قَد نَسِىَ هَذا. واحتَجَّ بحَديثٍ سَمِعَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ مِن عمرِو ابنِ دينارٍ. ثُمَّ لَقِىَ الزُّهرِىَّ فقالَ: لا أعلَمُه. قال: فقُلتُ لِعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ. فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى به فى مَسِّ الإبطِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وإِن كان الاعتِمادُ على رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى:\n\n١٣٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى وابنُ أبى مَريَمَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ ولِىٌّ فاشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\".\nوَرَواه القَعنَبِىُّ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"أن فيه وضوء\". والاثر عند ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١١١٥.\n(^٢) المصف فى المعرفة (٤٠٦٦).","vol":"14","page":86},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ، والسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولىَّ له\" (^١).\n\n١٣٧٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، وعن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قالا: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". وفِى حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ: \"والسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\" (^٢).\nوأَمّا الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ أنَّه أنكَرَ حَديثَ: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". فإِنَّه لا يُنكِرُ رِوايَةَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، وإِنَّما أنكَرَ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى \"تاريخ يحيى بن معين\"، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِىَّ يقولُ: قيلَ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ فى حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". فقالَ يَحيَى: لَيسَ يَصِحُّ فى هَذا شَئٌ إلَّا حَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، فأَمّا حَديثُ هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ فهم يَختَلِفونَ فيه، وحَدَّثَ به الخَيّاطُ -يَعنى حَمّادَ الخَيّاطَ- وابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، بَعضُهُم يَرْفَعُه وبَعضُهُم لا يَرفَعُه (^٣). قال: وسَمِعتُ يَحيَى يقولُ: رَوَى مَندَلٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". قال يَحيَى:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٣٥) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٨٠)، وأبو يعلى (٢٥٠٧، ٤٦٩٢) من طريق أبى كريب به.\n(^٣) تاريخ يحيى بن معين ٣/ ٢٣٢ (١٠٨٩).","vol":"14","page":87},{"text":"وهَذا حَديثٌ لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^١). فيَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ إنَّما أنكَرَ ما بَيَّنَه فى رِوايَةِ الدُّورِىِّ عنه، واستَثنَى حَديثَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، وحَكَمَ له بالصِّحَّةِ، وأَنكَرَ حِكايَةَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ فى رِوايَتِه ثُمَّ فى رِوايَةِ جَعفَرٍ الطَّيالِسِىِّ عنه كما مَضَى ذِكرُه، ووَثَّقَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى فى رِوايَةِ الدَّارِمِىِّ عنه، فحَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى صَحيحٌ، وسائرُ الرِّواياتِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- -إن ثَبَتَ مِنها شَئٌ- لِحَديثِه شاهِدٌ. وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٣٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَرْوَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الفَقيهُ الطُّوسِىُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا طَلْقُ ابنُ غَنّامٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ يحيى بن معين ٤/ ٣٠ (٢٩٨٣).\n(^٢) فى س: \"أبو الفضل\". وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٥٧٠.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٥٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٧٠.","vol":"14","page":88},{"text":"هَكَذا رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ وجَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ عن إسرائيلَ (^١).\n\n١٣٧٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبْرِقانِ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نكِاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٢). قال مُعَلَّى: ثُمَّ قال أبو عَوانَةَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ: لَم أسمَعْه مِن أبى إسحاقَ، بَينِى وبَينَه إسرائيلُ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ وشَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرِهِما عن أبى إسحاقَ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٣٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى حَمزَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عمرُو ابنُ عثمانَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ عن أبى الأزهَرِ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥١٨)، والترمذى (١١٠١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٧١ من طريق معلى بن منصور. والترمذى (١١٠١)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨١) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٠٣)، وابن حبان (٤٠٧٧) من طريق عمرو بن عثمان به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٤: عمرو تركه النسائى.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٧١. من طريق ابن خزيمة به.","vol":"14","page":89},{"text":"رَواه غَيرُ أبى الأزهَرِ عن عمرٍو، تَفَّرَدَ به عمرٌو.\n\n١٣٧٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المَرْوَزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا قَيسٌ (^٢) (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا قَيسٌ يَعنِى ابنَ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ بنِ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ. وفى رِوايَةِ شَبابَةَ: عن أبى بُردَةَ عن أبى موسَى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٥٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٠١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٧٨، ٤٠٩٠) من طريق على بن حجر به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"بن الربيع\". وكتبها فى حاشية الأصل، وكتب قبلها: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٩، والحاكم ٢/ ١٧٠ من طريق أبى الوليد به.","vol":"14","page":90},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يُثبِّتُ إسرائيلَ فى أبى إسحاقَ. قال: كان يَجِئُ بها تامَّةً. قال: وما فاتَنِى ما فاتَنِى مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ عن أبى إسحاقَ إلَّا أنِّى كُنتُ أتَّكِلُ عَلَيها مِن قِبَلِ إسرائيلَ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ زَكَريّا السّاجِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ عبدِ العَظيمِ يقولُ: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يقولُ: قال عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ: إسرائيلُ يَحفَظُ حَديثَ أبى إسحاقَ كما يَحفَظُ الرَّجُلُ السّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ (^٢).\nقال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يقولُ: إسرائيلُ فى أبى إسحاقَ أثبَتُ مِن شُعبَةَ والثَّورِىِّ، يَعنِى فى أبى إسحاقَ (^٢).\nقال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ النَّفّاحُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قُلنا لِشُعبَةَ: حَدِّثْنا حَديثَ أبى إسحاقَ. قال: سَلُوا عَنها إسرائيلَ؛ فإِنَّه أثبَتُ فيها مِنِّى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى ١/ ٤١٣ من طريق محمد بن المثنى به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ١/ ٤١٣.","vol":"14","page":91},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ الأُشْنانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: شَريكٌ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ فى أبى إسحاقَ أو إسرائيلُ؟ فقالَ: شَريكٌ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ وهو أقدَمُ، وإِسرائيلُ صَدوقٌ. قُلتُ: يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أو إسرائيلُ؟ قال: كُلٌّ ثِقَةٌ (^١).\nأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنذِرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ المَدينىِّ يقولُ: حَديثُ إسرائيلَ صَحيحٌ فى: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ (^٣)، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ إبراهيمَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ هارونَ المِسكِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ، وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ إسرائيلَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى بُردَةَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". فقالَ: الزّيادَةُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ مَقبولَةٌ، وِإسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ ثِقَةٌ، وإِن كان شُعبَةُ والثَّورِىُّ أرسَلاه فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَضُرُّ الحديثَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ عثمان بن سعيد الدارمى ٥٩، ٧٢ (٨٥، ١٥٠)، والكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٤١٢، ٤١٣.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٠.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"حدثنى محمد بن صالح بن هانئ حدثنا محمد بن المنذر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب فى الكفاية ص ٤١٣ من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى به. وعنده: المكى. بدلًا =","vol":"14","page":92},{"text":"١٣٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَنصورٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ سُفيانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا كامِلٍ الفُضَيلَ بنَ الحُسَينِ يقولُ: حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن شُعبَةَ قال: قال سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ لأبِى إسحاقَ: سَمِعتَ أبا بُردَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\"؟ قال: نَعَم. قال الحَسَنُ: ولَو قال: عن أبيه؟ لَقالَ: نَعَم (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَحمودُ بنُ غَيلانَ وأبو موسَى عن أبى داودَ الطَّيالِسِىِّ (^٢). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ ﵀ فى كِتابِ \"العلل\": حَديثُ أبى بُردَةَ عن أبى موسَى عِندِى، واللهُ أعلَمُ، أصَحُّ وِإن كان سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشُعبَةُ لا يَذكُرانِ فيه: عن أبى موسَى؛ لأنَّه قَد دَلَّ فى حَديثِ شُعبَةَ أنَّ سَماعَهُما جَميعًا فى وقتٍ واحِدٍ، وهَؤُلاءِ الَّذين رَوَوْا عن أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى بُردَةَ عن أبى موسَى سَمِعوا فى أوقاتٍ مُختَلِفَةٍ. قال: ويونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ قَد رَوَى هَذا عن أبيه، وقَد أدرَكَ يونُسُ بَعضَ مَشايخِ أبيه؛ فهو قَديمُ السَّماعِ، وإِسرائيلُ قَد رَواه، وهو أثبَتُ أصحابِ أبى إسحاقَ بَعدَ شُعبَةَ والثَّورِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ\n_________\n= من: \"المسكى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٩٣.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى فى علله ص ١٥٥ (٢٦٦) من طريق محمود بن غيلان به.\n(^٣) العلل الكبير ص ١٥٦.","vol":"14","page":93},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ\" (^١). كَذا قال: عن أبى إسحاقَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ وزَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عن يونُسَ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ عن أبيه عن أبى إسحاقَ.\n\n١٣٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مُكرَمٍ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُردٍ الأنطاكِىُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ الأنطاكِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونسَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٤٣ - وقَد قيلَ: عن يونُسَ عن أبى بُردَةَ نَفسِه. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ رَوحُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤) التَّميمِىُّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى الكفاية ص ٤٠٩ من طريق الحارث بن محمد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١١٠١) من طريق زيد بن حباب به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧١.\n(^٤) فى م: \"عمرو\". وهو روح بن أحمد بن عمر بن أحمد بن عبد الرحيم أبو على التميمى الأصبهانى ثم النيسابورى، قال عبد الغافر: ثقة. وقال الذهبى: ثقة أديب طبيب مشهور، سكن نيسابور. توفى سنة (٤١٧ هـ). وينظر المنتخب من السياق (٦٩٣)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤١٩.","vol":"14","page":94},{"text":"حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^١). كَذا قال يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وكَذلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ عن أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ.\n\n١٣٧٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ قُدامَةَ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادُ، عن يونُسَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، وإِسرائيلَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٢). ثُمَّ قال أبو داودَ فى بَعضِ النُّسَخِ لكِتابِ \"السنن\": هو يونُسُ بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ (^٣). كَذا حُكِىَ عن أبى داودَ.\n\n١٣٧٤٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"المستدرك\" قال: حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الضُّبَعِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\". قال ابنُ عَسكَرٍ: فقالَ لِى قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ: جاءَنِى علىُّ بنُ المدينِىِّ فسأَلَنى عن هَذا الحديثِ فحَدَّثتُه به فقالَ علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: قَدِ استَرَحنا مِن خِلافِ أبى إسحاقَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى المدرج ٢/ ٩٢٣ من طريق أحمد بن منيع به. وأحمد (١٩٧٤٦) عن أبى عبيدة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٨٥)، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى المدرج ٢/ ٩٢١.\n(^٣) ينظر تحفة الأشراف ٦/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧١. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٠١) عن محمد بن سهل به.","vol":"14","page":95},{"text":"١٣٧٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"المستدرك\" قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ (^١) بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ قال: وأخبرَنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ ابنُ الفَضلِ الأَدَمِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٢). وهَذا بخِلافِ رِوايَةِ أبى زَكَريّا عن أحمدَ بنِ سَلمانَ، وكأَنَّ شَيخَنا أبا عبدِ اللهِ حَمَلَ حَديثَ ابنِ قُتَيبَةَ على حَديثِ أسباطَ، فحَديثُ أسباطَ كَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ دونَ ذِكرِ أبى إسحاقَ فيهِ.\n\n١٣٧٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، حَدَّثَنى النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، عن شُعبَةَ وسُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ الشّاذَكُونِىُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل. وفى ص ٧، م: \"الفضل\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف: الحسن بن\nقتيبة\"، وهو الصواب. اهـ. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧١٠) عن أسباط بن محمد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩ عن أحمد بن كامل به. وابن عدى ٣/ ١١٤٥، وتمام فى فوائده (٧٥٨) من طريق أبى قلابة عبد الملك بن محمد به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٥ عن سليمان الشاذكونى: واهٍ.","vol":"14","page":96},{"text":"النُّعمانِ بنِ عبدِ السَّلامِ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ إسماعيلَ وبِشرِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن الثَّورِىِّ مَوصولًا (^١)، وعن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن شُعبَةَ مَوصولًا (^٢)، والمَحفوظُ عَنهُما غَيرُ مَوصولٍ، والاعتِمادُ على ما مَضَى مِن رِوايَةِ إسرائيلَ ومَنَ تابَعَه فى وصلِ الحديثِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ ابنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ عَبدوسِ بنِ مَحفوظٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجَرْمِىُّ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ المَرأَةَ، ولا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ نَفسَها، إنَّ البَغيَّةَ التى تُزَوِّجُ نَفسَها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٠٤)، وتمام فى فوائده (٧٥٧) من طريق بشر بن منصور به. والرويانى (٤٤٨) من طريق مؤمل بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٠ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٧٣٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٨ من طريق مسلم الجرمى به، وفى لفظه: \"إن التى تنكح نفسها هى البغى\". قال ابن سيرين: وربما قال أبو هريرة: هى الزانية.","vol":"14","page":97},{"text":"قال الحَسَنُ: وسأَلتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ عن رِوايَةِ مَخلَدِ بنِ حُسَينٍ عن هِشامِ ابنِ حَسّانَ فقالَ: ثِقَةٌ. فذَكَرتُ له هَذا الحديثَ، قال: نَعَم، قَد كان شَيخٌ عِندَنا يَرفَعُه عن مَخلَدٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: تابَعَه عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَروانَ العُقَيلِىُّ (^١) عن هِشامٍ.\n\n١٣٧٥٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا القاضِى أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو (^٢) أحمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ المُستَمْلِى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ موسَى خَتٌّ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ المُحارِبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ المُلائىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُنكِحُ المَرأَةُ المَرأَةَ، ولا تُنكِحُ المَرأَةُ نَفسَها\". قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: كُنّا نَعُدُّ التى تُنكِحُ نَفسَها هِىَ الزّانيَةَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ وعُبَيدُ بنُ يَعيشَ عن المُحارِبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٣٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا جَميلُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٦: العقيلى ليس بذاك.\n(^٢) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"بكر\".\n(^٣) ختٌّ: لقب يحيى بن موسى. وقيل: لقب أبيه. ينظر الإكمال ٣/ ١٢٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٧، ٢٢٨ من طريق عبد السلام بن حرب به. وعنده فى الموضع الأول: الفاجرة. بدلًا من: الزانية.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٧ من طريق عبيد بن يعيش به. والمصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٧٨) من طريق هناد به.","vol":"14","page":98},{"text":"الجَهضَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَروانَ العُقَيلىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ [بنِ سيرينَ] (^١)، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ المَرأَةَ، ولا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ نَفسَها؛ فإِنَّ الزّانيَةَ هِىَ التى تُزَوِّجُ نَفسَها\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: لا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ المَرأَةَ، ولا تُزَوِّجُ المَرأَةُ نَفسَها؛ فإِنَّ الزّانيَةَ هِىَ التى تُزَوِّجُ نَفسَها (^٣). هَذا مَوقوفٌ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^٤). وعَبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ قَد مَيَّزَ المُسنَدَ مِنَ المَوقوفِ، فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ قَد حَفِظَه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ مِن لَفظِه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهْبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل، س، م. والمثبت من ص ٧، وحاشية الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٨٢) عن جميل بن الحسن به، وقال البوصيرى فى الزوائد: فى إسناده جميل ابن الحسن، قال فيه عبدان: إنه فاسق يكذب. يعنى فى كلامه. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (١٥٢٧): صحيح دون جملة الزانية، وينظر الإرواء (١٨٤١).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٩٤) عن هشام بن حسان عن ابن سيرين به موقوفًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه الشافعى ٥/ ١٩ عن ابن عيينة به.","vol":"14","page":99},{"text":"موسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ، جَميعًا عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عَنبَسَةَ، حَدَّثَنى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ ابنِ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أنَّ النِّكَاحَ كان فى الجاهِليَّةِ على أربَعَةِ أنحاءٍ؛ فنِكاحٌ مِنها نِكاحُ النّاسِ اليَومَ؛ يَخطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ وليدَتَه -وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: وليَّتَه- فيُصدِقُها ثمَّ يَنكِحُها. ونِكاحٌ آخَرُ؛ كان الرَّجُلُ يقولُ لامرأتِه إذا طَهَرَت مِن طَمْثِها: أرسِلِى إلَى فُلانٍ استَبضِعِى مِنه. ويَعتَزِلُها زَوجُها ولا يَمَسُّها أبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبينَ حَملُها مِن ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى تَستَبضِعُ مِنه، فإِذا تَبَيَّنَ حَملُها أصابَها زَوجُها إن أحَبَّ، وإِنَّما يَصنَعُ ذَلِكَ رَغبَةً فى نَجابَةِ الوَلَدِ، فكانَ هَذا النِّكاحُ نِكاحَ الاستِبضاعِ. ونِكاحٌ آخَرُ؛ يَجتَمِعُ الرَّهطُ دونَ العَشَرَةِ فيَدخُلونَ على المَرأَةِ، كُلُّهُم يُصيبُها، فإِذا حَمَلَت فوَضَعَت ومَرَّ لَيالِى بَعدَ أن تَضَعَ حَملَها أرسَلَت إلَيهِم، فلَم يَستَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم أن يَمتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجتَمِعوا عِندَها، فتَقولُ لَهُم: قَد عَرَفتُمُ الَّذِى كان مِن أمرِكُم، وقَد ولَدتُ، وهَذا ابنُكَ يا فُلانُ. فتُسَمِّى مَن أحَبَّت مِنهُم باسمِه فيَلحَقُ به ولَدُها. والنِّكَاحُ يَجتَمِعُ النّاسُ الكَثيرُ فيَدخُلونَ على المَرأَةِ لا تَمتَنِعُ ممَّن جاءَها، وهُنَّ البَغايا، هُنَّ يَنصِبنَ على أبوابِهِنَّ راياتٍ تكُنَّ عَلَمًا لمن أرادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيهِنَّ، فإِذا حَمَلَت فوَضَعَت حَملَها جُمِعوا لَها، ودَعَوْا لَهُمُ القافَةَ ثُمَّ ألحَقوا ولَدَها بالذِى يَرَونَ، فَالْتاطَه (^١) ودُعِىَ ابنَه، لا يَمتَنِعُ مِن ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا بَعَثَ اللهُ محمدًا -ﷺ- بالحقِّ\n_________\n(^١) فالْتاطه: أى استلحقه به. فتح البارى ٩/ ١٨٥.","vol":"14","page":100},{"text":"هَدَمَ نِكاحَ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ إلَّا نِكاحَ أهلِ الإِسلامِ اليَومَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ عن عَنبَسَةَ. قال: وقالَ يَحيَى ابنُ سُلَيمانَ: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن عِمرانَ القَصيرِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أيُّما امرأةٍ لَم يُنكِحْها الوَلِىُّ -أوِ: الوُلاةُ- فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعبَدِ ابنِ عُمَيرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- رَدَّ نِكاحَ امرأةٍ نَكَحَت بغَيرِ ولِىٍّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٤٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢١٦، ٢١٧، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٧٨٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتى فى (١٤١٩١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٢٧).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٧: منقطع. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٦١) من طريق عمرو بن أبى سفيان عن عمر.\n(^٤) الشافعى ٥/ ١٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٨٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٥٢) عن ابن عيينة به. وعند ابن أبى شيبة عن عمرو عن ابن أخ لعبيد بن عمير عن عبد الرحمن بن معبد.","vol":"14","page":101},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: جَمَعَتِ الطَّريقُ رَكْبًا، فجَعَلَتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُم ثَيِّبٌ أمْرَها بَيَدِ رَجُلٍ غَيرِ ولىٍّ فأَنكَحَها، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ -﵁- فجَلَدَ النّاكِحَ والمُنكِحَ ورَدَّ نِكاحَهُما (^١).\n\n١٣٧٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الاْشَجِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: لا تُنكَحُ المَرأَةُ إلَّا بإِذنِ وليِّها، أو ذِى الرّأىِ مِن أهلِها أوِ السُّلطانِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سَلَمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ يَعنى ابنَ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أيُّما امرأةٍ نكَحَت بغَيرِ إذنِ ولىٍّ (^٣) فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ؛ لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بإِذنِ ولىٍّ. هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- بأسانيدَ أُخَرَ، وإِن كان الاعتمادُ على هَذا دونَها؛ مِنها ما:\n\n١٣٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ ابنُ رَجاءٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"نكاحها\". والحديث عند الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٨٦) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"وليها\".","vol":"14","page":102},{"text":"البُزارىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ الغازِى الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ وعَليًّا -﵄- وشُرَيحًا ومَسروقًا رَحِمَهُما اللهُ قالوا: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايِينِىُّ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ قال: حدثنا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال علىٌّ وعَبدُ اللهِ وشُرَيحٌ: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٦١ - ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال: ما كان أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أشَدَّ فى النِّكَاحِ بغَيرِ ولىٍّ مِن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- حَتَّى كان يَضرِبُ فيهِ. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ، حدثنا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرئيسُ (^٥) بالرَّىِّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الثرارنى\"، وكتبها فى الأصل: \"البزارى\" بالزاى الفارسية المنقوطة بثلاث نقاط، وفى الحاشية: \"بخطه: البزارى\". وينظر ما تقدم فى (٣٩٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٨٠) عن هشيم به. وعنده: ابن مسعود. بدلًا من: مسروق.\n(^٣) أخرجه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٤٩ عن محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٥٤)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"الريس\".","vol":"14","page":103},{"text":"حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ زيادٍ الفَرّاءُ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ، ولا نِكاحَ إلَّا بشُهودٍ (^١).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن حَجّاجٍ وقالَ: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ. وهَذا شاهِدٌ لِرِوايَةِ مُجالِدٍ.\nورُوِّيناه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ عن علىٍّ.\n\n١٣٧٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جُوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ سَبْرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بإِذنِ ولىٍّ؛ فمَن نَكَحَ أو أُنكِحَ بغَيرِ إذنِ ولىٍّ فنِكاحُه باطِلٌ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه أجازَ إنكاحَ (^٣) الخالِ أوِ الأُمِّ:\n\n١٣٧٦٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ مَخلَدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى قَيسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٦٥) عن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٣) فى ص، ص ٧: \"نكاح\".","vol":"14","page":104},{"text":"عن هُزَيلٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- أجازَ نِكاحَ الخالِ (^١). هَكَذا (^٢) قال: الخالِ.\n\n١٣٧٦٥ - وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى قَيسٍ الأَودِىِّ عَمَّن أخبَرَه عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه أجازَ نِكاحَ امرأةٍ زَوَّجَتها أُمُّها برِضًا مِنها. أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الشَّيبانىُّ، عن أبى قَيسٍ الأَودِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٦٦ - وقَد قيلَ: عن الشَّيبانىِّ عن أبى قَيسٍ الأودِىِّ، أنَّ امرأةً مِن عائذِ اللهِ يُقالُ لَها: سَلَمَةُ، زَوَّجَتها (^٤) أُمُّها وأَهلُها، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ: ألَيسَ قَد دُخِلَ بها؟ فالنِّكاحُ جائزٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا الشَّيبانىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ وابنُ إدريسَ عن الشَّيبانىِّ عن بَحريةَ بنتِ هانئِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ أنَّها زَوَّجَت نَفسَها [من القَعْقاعِ] (^٦) بنِ شَوْرٍ، وباتَ عِندَها لَيلَةً، وجاءَ أبوها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: كذا\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٥٨٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٨٥) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: زوجها\".\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٥٧٩).\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"بالقعقاع\".","vol":"14","page":105},{"text":"فاستَعدَى عَليًّا -﵁- فقالَ: أدخَلتَ بها؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَجازَ النِّكاحَ (^١). فهَذا أثَرٌ مُختَلَفٌ فى إسنادِه ومَتنِه، ومَدارُه على أبى قَيسٍ الأَودِىِّ، وهو مُختَلَفٌ فى عَدالَتِه (^٢)، وبَحريةُ مَجهولَةٌ. واشتِراطُ (^٣) الدُّخولِ فى تَصحيحِ النِّكَاحِ -إن كان ثابِتًا- والدُّخولُ لا يُبيحُ الحَرامَ، والإسنادُ الأوَّلُ عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى اشتِراطِ الوَلىِّ إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ. فالاعتِمادُ عَلَيه. وبِاللهِ التوفيقُ.\n\n١٣٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ مُرشِدٍ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمْتامٌ، حدثنا شُجاعٌ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ هو ابنُ العَوّامِ، عن هِشامٍ وهو ابنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كانوا يَقولونَ: إنَّ المَرأَةَ التى تُزَوِّجُ نَفسَها هِىَ الزّانيَةُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٨١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٣ من طريق ابن إدريس به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٣ من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) عبد الرحمن بن ثروان، أبو قيس الأودى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢١٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٢٠، ٣٤/ ٢٠٣، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٨٠٤. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٤٧٥: صدوق ربما خالف.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: واشترط\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٦٥)، وفى المعرفة (٤٠٧٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٩٩) من طريق هشام به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٥٠).","vol":"14","page":106},{"text":"١٣٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه قال: كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تُخطَبُ إلَيها المَرأَةُ مِن أهلِها فتَشهَدُ، فإِذا بَقيَت عُقدَةُ النِّكَاحِ قالَت لِبَعضِ أهلِها: زَوِّجْ؛ فإِنَّ المَرأَةَ لا تَلِى عُقْدَةَ (^١) النِّكاحِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٧٠ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الأثَرُ يَدُلُّ على أنَّ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها زَوَّجَت حَفصَةَ بنتَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مِنَ المُنذِرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ غائبٌ بالشّامِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ قال: مِثلِى يُصنَعُ هَذا به ويُفتاتُ عَلَيه؟ فكَلَّمَت عائشَةُ -﵂- المُنذِرَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ، فقالَ المُنذِرُ: فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ بَيدِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: ما كُنتُ لِأَرُدَّ أمرًا قَضَيتِه. فقَرَّت حَفصَةُ عِندَ المُنذِرِ، ولَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلاقًا (^٣). إنَّما أُريدَ به أنَّها مَهَّدَت (^٤) تَزويجَها، ثُمَّ تَوَلَّى عَقدَ النِّكَاحِ غَيرُها، فأُضيفَ التَّزويجُ إلَيها؛ لإذنِها فى ذَلِكَ وتَمهيدِها أسبابَه (^٥)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عقد\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٦٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٩.\n(^٣) مالك برواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٥، وبرواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٩ و- مخطوط). ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٨.\n(^٤) فى س: \"شهدت\".\n(^٥) وقد اتفق كلام ابن عبد البر مع كلام المصنف ههنا. موسوعة شروح الموطأ ١٤/ ٥٤٥.","vol":"14","page":107},{"text":"١٣٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن تابِعِى أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا تَعقِدُ امرأةٌ [عُقْدَةُ نِكاحٍ] (^١) فى نَفسِها ولا فى غَيرِها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3009>بابٌ: لا وِلايَةَ لِوَصِىٍّ فى نِكاحٍ</span>\n\n١٣٧٧٢ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُنكَحُ المَرأَةُ إلَّا بإِذنِ وليِّها؛ فإِن نَكَحَت فهو باطِلٌ، فهو باطِلٌ، فهو باطِلٌ، فإِن دَخَلَ بها فلَها المَهرُ بما أصابَ مِنها، فإِن تَشاجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولىُّ مَن لا ولىَّ له\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ (^٣) إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ (^٤) بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"عقد النكاح\"، وفى م: \"عقدة النكاح\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٠٥)، وأبو داود (٢٠٨٣)، والترمذى (١١٠٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٣٩٤)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٧٤) من طريق ابن جريج به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٢٩).\n(^٣) فى ص ٧: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٤) فى س: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٩٨.","vol":"14","page":108},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى آلِ حاطِبٍ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: تُوُفِّىَ عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ -﵁- وتَرَكَ ابنَةً له مِن خُوَيلَةَ بنتِ حَكيمِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ حارِثَةَ بنِ الأَوقَصِ. قال: وأَوصَى إلَى أخيه قُدامَةَ بنِ مَظعونٍ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فهُما خالاىَ. قال: فخَطَبتُ إلَى قُدامَةَ بنِ مَظعونٍ ابنَةَ عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ فزَوَّجَنيها، فدَخَلَ المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ -﵁- إلَى أُمِّها فأَرغَبَها فى المالِ فحَطَّت إلَيه وحَطَّتِ (^١) الجاريَةُ إلَى هَوَى أُمِّها فأَبَتا، حَتَّى ارتَفَعَ أمرُهُما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فقالَ قُدامَةُ بنُ مَظعونٍ: ابنَةُ أخِى أوصَى بها إلَىَّ، فزَوَّجتُها مِن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فلَم أُقَصِّرْ بها فى الصَّلاحِ ولا فى الكَفاءَةِ، ولَكِنَّها امرأةٌ، وإِنَّها حَطَّت إلَى هَوَى أُمِّها. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هِىَ يَتيمَةٌ ولا تُنكَحُ إلَّا بإِذنِها\". قال: فانتُزِعَت واللهِ مِنِّى بَعدَ ما مَلَكْتُها، وزَوَّجوها المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3010>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إنكاحِ الآباءِ الأبكارَ</span>\n\n١٣٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الدّارِمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِسِتِّ سِنينَ، وبَنَى بى وأَنا ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فحطت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٣٦) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٨٩: عمر صدوق. وسيأتى فى (١٣٨٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٣٣، ٤٩٣٤، ٤٩٣٦)، وابن حبان (٧٠٩٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به فى حديث=","vol":"14","page":109},{"text":"١٣٧٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عائشةَ بَعدَ مَوتِ خَديجَةَ بثَلاثِ سِنينَ، وعائشَةُ يَومَئذٍ ابنَةُ سِتِّ سِنينَ، وبَنَى بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهِىَ ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ، وماتَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعائشَةُ ابنَةُ ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ سنةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ مُرسَلًا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ مَوصولًا (^٢).\nوقَد وصَلَه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (^٣) وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (^٤) وعَبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (^٥) وعَلِىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ (^٦) وأبو مُعاويَةَ (^٧) وغَيرُهُم (^٨)، وقَد أخرَجاه مَوصولًا مِن أوجُهٍ (^٩).\n_________\n= طويل. وسيأتى فى (١٤٥٨٣، ٢١٠٢٥).\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى ٢٣٧٦، وفى الدلائل ٢/ ٤١٠. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٧٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٨٩٦)، ومسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٥١٣٣، ٥١٥٨) من طريق سفيان الثورى به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحميدى (٢٣١) عن سفيان بن عيينة به مختصرًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٧٠)، والنسائى (٣٣٧٨) من طريق عبدة به مختصرًا.\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (١٣٩٥٧).\n(^٧) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٧٠)، والنسائى (٣٢٥٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به مختصرًا.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٦٧)، وأبو داود (٢١٢١، ٤٩٣٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٧٠)، وابن حبان (٧٠٩٧) من طرق عن هشام بنحوه.\n(^٩) البخارى (٣٨٩٦، ٥١٣٤)، ومسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٦٩).","vol":"14","page":110},{"text":"١٣٧٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: تَزَوَّجَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهِىَ ابنَةُ سِتٍّ، وبَنَى بها وهِىَ ابنَةُ تِسعٍ، وماتَ عَنها وهِىَ ابنَةُ ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ سنةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد زَوَّجَ علىٌّ عُمَرَ -﵄- أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بغَيرِ أمرِها (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا دَعُلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن وكيعِ بنِ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أخبرَنى حَسَنُ بنُ حَسَنٍ (^٤)، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ خَطَبَ إلَى علىٍّ أُمَّ كُلثومٍ، فقالَ له علىٌّ -﵁-: إنَّها تَصغُرُ عن ذَلِكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كُلُّ سَبَبٍ ونَسَبٍ مُنقَطِعٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ إلَّا سَبَبِى ونَسَبِى\". فأَحبَبتُ أن يَكونَ لى مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَبَبٌ ونَسَبٌ. فقالَ علىٌّ لحَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ: زَوِّجا عَمَّكُما. فقالا: هِىَ امرأةٌ مِنَ النِّساءِ تَختارُ لِنَفسِها. فقامَ علىٌّ -﵁- مُغضَبًا فأَمسَكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٥٢)، والنسائى (٣٢٥٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٨٠).\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"حسين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٨٤.","vol":"14","page":111},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بثَوبِه وقالَ: لا صَبرَ على هِجرانِكَ يا أبَتاه. قال: فزَوَّجاه (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وزَوَّجَ الزُّبَيرُ -﵁- ابنَتَه صَبِيَّةً، وزَوَّجَ غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -﵁- ابنَتَه صَغيرَةً، قال: ولَو كان النِّكَاحُ لا يَجوزُ على البِكرِ إلَّا بأَمرِها لَم يَجُزْ أن يُزَوِّجَ حَتَّى يَكونَ لَها أمرٌ فى نَفسِها (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الأيِّمُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها مِن وليِّها، والبِكرُ تُستأذَنُ فى نَفسِها، وإِذنُها صُماتُها\".\n\n١٣٧٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الفَضلِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٥٢٥).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٧.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥٢٤، ومن طريقه: أحمد (١٨٨٨، ٢١٦٣، ٣٢٢٢)، وأبو داود (٢٠٩٨)، والترمذى (١١٠٨)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٠، ٣٢٦١)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠٨٤، ٤٠٨٧). وسيأتى فى (١٣٧٩٠، ١٣٨١٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٢١/ ٦٦).","vol":"14","page":112},{"text":"١٣٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"الثَّيِّبُ (^١) أحَقُّ بنَفسِها مِن وليِّها، والبِكرُ يَستأذِنُها أبوها فى نَفسِها، وإِذنُها صُماتُها\". ورُبَّما قال: \"وصُماتُها إقرارُها\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أحمدَ: \"الثَّيِّبُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها مِن وليِّها، والبِكرُ يَستأمِرُها أبوها\". قال أبو داودَ ﵀: \"أبوها\" لَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ وذَكَرَ هذه الزّيادَةَ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد زادَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ فى حَديثِه: \"والبِكرُ يُزَوِّجَها أبوها\". فهَذا يُبَيِّنُ أنَّ الأمرَ [إلى الأبِ] (^٤) فى البِكرِ.\nقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والمُؤامَرَةُ قَد تكونُ على استِطابَةِ النَّفسِ؛ لأنَّه يُروَى أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وآمِرُوا النِّساءَ فى بَناتِهنَّ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الأيم\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٩٩)، وأحمد (١٨٩٧). وأخرجه الحميدى (٥١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٠٨٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٢١/ ٦٧، ٦٨).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"للأب\".\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ١٥٦.","vol":"14","page":113},{"text":"١٣٧٨١ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: حَدَّثَنى الثِّقَةُ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وآمِروا النِّساءَ فى بَناتِهِنَّ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن سلَمةَ بنِ أبى سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- خَطَبَ إلَى نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -وكانَ يُقالُ له: النَّحّامُ - أحَدُ بَنى عَدِىٍّ- ابنَتَه وهِىَ بِكرٌ، فقالَ له نُعَيمٌ: إنَّ فى حَجرِى يَتيمًا لى لَستُ مُؤثِرًا عَلَيه أحَدًا. فانطَلَقَت أُمُّ الجاريَةِ امرأةُ نُعَيمٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: ابنُ عُمَرَ خَطَبَ ابنَتى، وإِنَّ نُعَيمًا رَدَّه وأَرادَ أن يُنكِحَها يَتيمًا له. فأَخبَرَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فأَرسَلَ إلَى نُعَيمٍ، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أَرْضِها وأَرْضِ ابنَتَها\" (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُروةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- مَوصولًا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَم يَختَلِفِ الناسُ أنْ لَيسَ لأُمِّها فيها أمرٌ، ولَكِنْ على مَعنَى استِطابَةِ النَّفسِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٠٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٧٩٧) من طريق محمد بن راشد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٦٨.","vol":"14","page":114},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رَواه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ بإِسنادِه فقالَ: \"واليَتيمَةُ تُستأمَرُ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٢)، وأبو بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)؛ فيَكونُ المُرادُ بالبِكرِ المَذكورَةِ فى الخَبَرِ البِكرَ اليَتيمَةَ. وزيادَةُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ غَيرُ مَحفوظَةٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد كان ابنُ عُمَرَ والقاسِمُ وسالِمٌ يُزَوِّجونَ الأبكارَ ولا يَستأمِرونَهُنَّ (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ وسالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ كانا يُنكِحانِ بَناتِهِما الأبكارَ ولا يَستأمِرانِهِنَّ، وأَنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ وسالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ وسُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ كانوا يَقولونَ فى البِكرِ يُزَوِّجُها أبوها بغَيرِ إذنِها: إنَّ ذَلِكَ لازِمٌ لَها (^٥).\n\n١٣٧٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِىُّ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى عقب (١٣٧٩٣).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٣٨٠٤، ١٣٨١٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨٦). وسيأتى فى (١٣٨٠٥، ١٣٨١٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة ٥/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٥) مالك برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٢٥.","vol":"14","page":115},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عَمَّن أدرَكَ مِن فُقَهائهِمُ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ فى مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم مِن نُظَرائهِم. قال: ورُبَّما اختَلَفوا فى الشَّئِ فأَخَذتُ بقَولِ أكثَرِهِم. قال: كانوا يَقولونَ: الرَّجُلُ أحَقُّ بإِنكاحِ ابنَتِه البِكرِ بغَيرِ أمرِها، وإِن كانَت ثَيِّبًا فلا جَوازَ لأبيها فى نِكاحِها إلَّا بإِذنِها (^١).\n\n١٣٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أيَجوزُ نكاحُ الرَّجُلِ ابنَتَه بكرًا وهِىَ كارِهَةٌ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: فَثَيِّبٌ كارِهَةٌ؟ قال: لا (^٢)، قَد مَلَكَتِ الثَّيِّبُ أمرَها (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ قال: البِكرُ يُجبِرُها أبوها (^٤). وعن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: لا يُجْبِرُها (^٥) إلَّا الوالِدُ (^٦).\n\n١٣٧٨٦ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المدونة ٢/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٩١).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٠٥).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"يجبر\".\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢١١).","vol":"14","page":116},{"text":"إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ قالا: حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّ جاريَةً بكرًا أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت له أنَّ أباها زَوَّجَها وهِىَ كارِهَةٌ. قال: فخَيَّرَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- (^١). فهَذا حَديثٌ أخطأ فيه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ على أيّوبَ السَّختِيانىِّ، والمحفوظُ عن أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢). بهَذا الحديثِ، لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ عباسٍ. قال أبو داودَ: كَذَلِكَ يُروَى، مُرسَلٌ مَعْروفٌ.\n\n١٣٧٨٧ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ مَوصولًا، وهو أيضًا خَطأٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ القاضِى بعَسقَلانَ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ المُسلَّمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارٍ الصَّنعانىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الملِكِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الذِّمَارِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَدَّ نِكاحَ بكرٍ وثَيِّبٍ أنكَحَهُما أبوهُما وهُما كارِهَتانِ، فرَدَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- نِكاحَهُما (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٦٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٩٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٣٨٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٥) من طريق حسين بن محمد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٩٧). وينظر الفتح ٩/ ١٩٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الصغير ٢/ ١١٧، ١١٨، والخطيب فى تاريخه ٥/ ١٥٦ من طريق مسلم بن=","vol":"14","page":117},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: هَذا وهْمٌ، والصَّوابُ: عن يَحيَى عن المُهاجِرِ بنِ عِكرِمَةَ. مُرسَلٌ، وهِمَ فيه الذِّمَارِىُّ على الثَّورِىِّ، ولَيسَ بقَوِىٍّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هو فى \"جامع الثورى\" عن الثَّورِىِّ كما ذَكَرَه أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطنىُّ ﵀ مُرسَلًا، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عامَّةُ أصحابِه عنه، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُ الثَّورِىِّ عن هِشامٍ، ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أخطأ فيه الرَّاوِى.\n\n١٣٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا زَوَّجَ ابنَتَه وهِىَ بكرٌ مِن غَيرِ أمرِها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٢). هَذا وهْمٌ، والصَّوابُ: عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ مُرَّةَ عن عَطاءٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. مُرسَلٌ، كَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ وعيسَى بنُ يونُسَ وغَيرُهُما عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n= محمد به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٤ من طريق عبد الملك الذمارى به. وهو عبد الملك بن عبد الرحمن أبو هشام الذمارى ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٥/ ٤٢٢، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٨٧، والثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٣٨٦.\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٣٨٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٧٤٨)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٣ من طريق الحكم بن موسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٣٨٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٧٤٩)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٣ من طريق عمرو بن أبى سلمة وعيسى بن يونس وابن المبارك عن الأوزاعى به، وينظر فتح البارى ٩/ ١٩٦.","vol":"14","page":118},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا علىٍّ الحافظَ النَّيسابورِىَّ وسُئلَ عن حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ إسحاقَ هَذا، فقالَ أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ: لَم يَسمَعْه الأوزاعِىُّ مِن عَطاءٍ، والحَديثُ فى الأصلِ مُرسَلٌ لِعَطاءٍ، إنَّما رَواه الثِّقاتُ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُرَّةَ عن عَطاءٍ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا.\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنىُّ الحافظُ قال: الصَّحيحُ مُرسَلٌ، وقَولُ شُعَيبٍ وهْمٌ، وذَكَرَه الأثرَمُ لأحمَدَ ابنِ حَنبَلٍ فأَنكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، ولَيسَ بمَشهورٍ، وإِن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ فكأَنَّه كان وضَعَها فى غَيرِ كُفءٍ فخَيَّرَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-.\n\n١٣٧٨٩ - وفِى مِثلِ ذَلِكَ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا كَهمَسٌ القَيسِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ قال: جاءَت فتاةٌ إلَى عائشةَ -﵂- فقالَت: إنَّ أبى زَوَّجَنِى ابنَ أخيه ليَرفَعَ بها خَسيسَتَه، وإِنِّى كَرِهتُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵁-: اقعُدِى حَتَّى يأتىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاذكُرِى ذَلِكَ له. فجاءَ نَبِىُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتْ ذَلِكَ له، فأَرسَلَ إلَى أبيها، فلَمّا جاءَ أبوها جَعَلَ أمرَها إلَيها، فلَمّا رأت أنَّ الأمرَ قَد جُعِلَ إلَيها قالَت: إنِّى قَد أجَزتُ ما صَنَعَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"14","page":119},{"text":"والِدِى، إنَّما أرَدتُ أن أَعلَمَ هَل لِلنِّساءِ مِنَ الأمرِ شَئٌ أم لا (^١)؟ وهَذا مُرسَلٌ؛\nابنُ بُرَيدَةَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عائشةَ -﵂-.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3011>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إنكاحِ الثَّيِّبِ</span>\n\n١٣٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الأيِّمُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها مِن وليِّها، والبِكرُ تُستأذَنُ فى نَفسِها، وإِذنُها صُماتُها\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٩١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا مسلمٌ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ. فذكراه (^٤) بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٩٥) عن عبيد بن محمد بن مهدى وحده به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٤٣)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٤) من طريق كهمس به موصولًا، وفيها: ليرفع بى خسيسته. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٥/ ٨٩.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨١)، وفى المعرفة (٤٠٨١)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٧، ١٤٤، ١٦٧، ٧/ ٢٢٢. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٧٨، ١٣٧٧٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٢١/ ٦٦).\n(^٤) فى النسخ: \"فذكره\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.","vol":"14","page":120},{"text":"\"الثَّيِّبُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه جَماعَةٌ عن مالكٍ، وكَذَلِكَ قالَه زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، وقَد مَضَى (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو أُوَيسٍ المَدَنىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ.\n\n١٣٧٩٢ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وقالَ: \"الثَّيِّبُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ\nهانئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِىُّ، قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَكِّىٍّ\nالمَروَزِىُّ قال: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عنْ مَعمَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ\nالرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\nعلىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ\nابنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا المَحامِلِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\nمَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن نافِعِ\nابنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ للوَلِىِّ مَعَ الثَّيِّبِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨٢). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٢٥٣)، والطبرانى (١٠٧٤٣) من طريق مسلم ابن إبراهيم به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٧٨، ١٣٧٧٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٧٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المظفر فى غرائب مالك (٨٢) من طريق ابن أبى أويس به.","vol":"14","page":121},{"text":"أمرٌ، واليَتيمَةُ تُستأمَرُ، وصَمتُها إقرارُها\" (^١). قال علىٌّ: سَمِعتُ النَّيسابورِىَّ يقولُ: الَّذِى عِندِى أنَّ مَعمَرًا أخطأ فيه (^٢). وكَذا قال علىٌّ، واستَدَلَّ على ذَلِكَ برِوايَةِ ابنِ إسحاقَ وسَعيدِ بنِ سلمةَ الحديثَ عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ الفَضلِ عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁-. بنَحوٍ مِنَ المَتنِ الأوَّلِ فى أوَّلِه إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا أيضًا عنه: \"واليتيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ\" (^٣). ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بقَولِه فى هذه الأخبارِ: \"والبِكرُ تُستأمَرُ\" البِكرَ اليَتيمَةَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن أبى عمرٍو مَولَى عائشةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُستأمَرُ النِّساءُ فى أبضاعِهِنَّ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّهُنَّ يَستَحيِينَ. قال: \"الأيِّمُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها، والبِكرُ تُستأمَرُ، وسُكاتُها إقرارُها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٠٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٩٩)، ومن طريقه: أحمد (٣٠٨٧)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٨٩) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩ من طريق ابن إسحاق وسعيد بن سلمة به.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٨٥، ٢٥٣٢٤)، والبخارى (٦٩٧١)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٦)، وابن حبان (٤٠٨٠، ٤٠٨١) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٨١٨، ١٣٨١٩).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٢٠).","vol":"14","page":122},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُنكَحُ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُستأمَرَ، ولا البِكرُ حَتَّى تُستأذَنَ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ إذنُها؟ قال: \"إذا سَكَتَت فهو رِضاها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُجَمِّعٍ ابنَىْ يَزيدَ بنِ جاريَةَ، عن خَنساءَ بنتِ خِذامٍ (^٣) الأنصاريَّةِ، أنَّ أباها زَوَّجَها وهِىَ ثَيِّبٌ فكَرِهَت ذَلِكَ، فأَتَت\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٠٥)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٧) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٨١٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٦٨)، ومسلم (١٤١٩/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) فى س: \"حزام\"، وفى ص ٧: \"حذام\"، وفى م: \"خدام\". وينظر الإكمال ٣/ ١٣٠، والإصابة\n١٣/ ٣٣٠.","vol":"14","page":123},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرَدَّ نِكاحَها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ. رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ.\n\n١٣٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ يَعنى ابنَ زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى ويَعقوبُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ يَزيدَ ومُجَمِّعَ بنَ يَزيدَ أخبَراه أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنهُم يُدعَى خِذامًا أنكَحَ ابنَةً له رَجُلًا فكَرِهَت نِكاحَه، فأَتَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له فرَدَّ عَنها نِكاحَ أبيها، فتَزَوَّجَت أبا لُبابَةَ ابنَ عبدِ المُنذِرِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٧٩٨ - قال أبو بكرٍ: أخبَرَنيه محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ مِثلَه وزادَ: فذَكَرَ يَحيَى أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّها كانَت ثَيِّبًا. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ الكوفىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ السّائبِ يَعنى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٩٢)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٧٨٦)، وأبو داود (٢١٠١)، والنسائى (٣٢٦٨). وسيأتى فى (١٣٨٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٨٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥١٣٩).","vol":"14","page":124},{"text":"ابنَ أبى لُبابَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدَّتِه خَنساءَ بنتِ خِذامِ بنِ خالِدٍ، قال: كانَت أيِّمًا مِن رَجُلٍ فزَوَّجَها أبوها رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى عَوفٍ، فحَنَّت إلَى أبى لُبابَةَ ابنِ عبدِ المُنذِرِ، فارتَفَعَ شأنُها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أباها أن يُلحِقَها بهَواها، فتَزَوَّجَت أبا لُبابَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الحُوَيرِثِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: آمَت خَنساءُ بنتُ خِذامٍ فزَوَّجَها أبوها وهِىَ كارِهَةٌ، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: زَوَّجَنِى أبى وأَنا كارِهَةٌ، وقَد مَلَكتُ أمرِى ولَم يُشعِرْنى. فقالَ: \"لا نِكاحَ له، فانكِحِى مَن شِئتِ\". فَنَكَحَت أبا لُبابَةَ ابنَ عبدِ المُنذِرِ (^٢). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو شاهِدٌ لما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n١٣٨٠١ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنكَحَ ابنَةً له ثيِّبًا كانَت عِندَ رَجُلٍ فكَرِهَت ذَلِكَ، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فرَدَّ نِكاحَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣١. وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٥٣ (٦٤٣) من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٠٧) عن سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٩٤: هذا صحيح. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (١٢٤٣).","vol":"14","page":125},{"text":"ورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ عن أبيه، وسَمَّى المَرأَةَ خَنساءَ بنتَ خِذامٍ، فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا. وقَد قيلَ عنه مَوصولًا، والمُرسَلُ أصَحُّ (^١)، وفيما مَضى مِنَ المَوصولِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٣٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ هِلالٍ البُوزَنْجِرْدِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ امرأةً توُفِّىَ زَوجُها ولَها مِنه ولَدٌ، فخَطَبَها عَمُّ ولَدِها إلَى والِدِها، فقالَ له: زَوِّجْنيها. فأَبَى فزَوَّجَها غَيرَه بغَيرِ رِضًا مِنها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أزَوَّجتَها غَيرَ عَمِّ ولَدِها؟ \". قال: نَعَم، زَوَّجتُها مَن هو خَيرٌ لَها مِن عَمِّ ولَدِها. ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما وزَوَّجَها عَمَّ ولَدِها (^٣). كَذا قالَ.\n\n١٣٨٠٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ\nالحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ،\nعن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّ\nأبى زَوَّجَنى وأنا كارِهَةٌ، وأَنا أُريدُ أن أتَزَوَّجَ عَمَّ ولَدِى. قال: فرَدَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٤/ ٢٥٢ (٦٤٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢.\n(^٢) فى ص: \"البورنجردى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٤١٢.\n(^٣) مسند أبى حنيفة ص ١٧١، ١٧٢.","vol":"14","page":126},{"text":"نِكاحَه (^١). هَذا هو الصَّحيحُ، مُرسَلٌ عن أبى سَلَمَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3012>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إنكاحِ اليَتيمَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٠٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرة -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُستأمَرُ اليَتيمَةُ فى نَفسِها، فإِن سَكَتَت فهو إذنُها، وإِن أبَت فلا جَوازَ عَلَيها\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ يَعنى ابنَ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ أبى موسَى، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُستأمَرُ اليتيمَةُ فى نَفسِها، فإن سَكَتَت فقَد أَذِنَت، وإِن أنكَرَت لَم تُكرَهْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٣٠٣) من طريق عبد العزيز بن رفيع به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٢٧)، والترمذى (١١٠٩)، والنسائى (٣٢٧٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠٧٩، ٤٠٨٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٨١٥). وقال الترمذى: حديث حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٣١) عن أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (١٩٥١٦)، وابن حبان (٤٠٨٥) من طريق يونس به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٨١٧).","vol":"14","page":127},{"text":"الحافظُ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ صاعِدٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثَكُم عُبَيدُ (^١) اللهِ بنُ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِىُّ قال: حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ حُسَينٍ مَولَى آلِ حاطِبٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: توُفِّىَ عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ وتَرَكَ ابنَةً له مِن خَوْلَةَ بنتِ حَكيمِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وأَوصَى إلَى أخيه قُدامَةَ ابنِ مَظعونٍ -وهُما خالاىَ- فخَطَبتُ إلَى قُدامَةَ ابنَةَ عثمانَ فزَوَّجَنيها، فدَخَلَ المُغيرَةُ إلَى أُمِّها فأَرغَبَها فى المالِ فحَطَّت إلَيه، وحَطَّتِ الجاريَةُ إلَى هَوَى أُمِّها حَتَّى ارتَفَعَ أمْرُهما (^٢) إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ قُدامَةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ابنَةُ أخِى وأَوصَى بها إلَىَّ فزَوَّجتُها ابنَ عُمَرَ، ولَم أُقَصِّرْ بالصَّلاحِ والكَفاءَةِ، ولَكِنَّها امرأةٌ، وإِنَّها حَطَّت إلَى هَوَى أُمِّها. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هِىَ يَتيمَةٌ؛ ولا تُنكَحُ إلَّا بإِذنِها\". فانتُزِعَت مِنِّى واللهِ بَعدَ أن مَلَكْتُها، فزَوَّجوها المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ\nأبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\nيَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ،\nعن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ تَزَوَّجَ ابنَةَ خالِه\nعثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ. قال: فذَهَبَت أُمُّها إلى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّ ابنَتى تكرَهُ\nذَلِكَ. فأَمَرَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يُفارِقَها، وقالَ: \"لا تُنكحوا اليَتامَى حَتَّى تَستأمِروهُنَّ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٦.\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"أمرهم\". وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\". والمثبت كما تقدم فى (١٣٧٧٣).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣٠. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٧٣).","vol":"14","page":128},{"text":"فإن سَكَتنَ فهو إذنُهُنَّ\" (^١).\nفَتَزَوَّجَها بَعدَ عبدِ اللهِ المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ.\n\n١٣٨٠٨ - وأخبرَنا به أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ بهَذا الإسنادِ وقالَ: عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ صاعِدٍ عن ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ وأَبِى عُتبَةَ عن ابنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ بإِسنادِه وقالَ: عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: وجَدتُ فى كِتابِ أبى: عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إذا بَلَغَ النِّساءُ نَصَّ الحَقائقِ فالعَصَبَةُ أولَى، ومَن شَهِدَ فَلْيَشفَعْ بخَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ ﵀: بَعضُهُم يقولُ: الحِقاقِ. وهو مِنَ المُحاقَّةِ يَعنى المُخاصَمَةَ، أن تُحاقَّ الأُمُّ العَصَبَةَ فيهِنَّ، فنَصُّ الحِقاقِ (^٤) إنَّما هو الإدراكُ؛ لأنَّه مُنتَهَى الصِّغَرِ، فإِذا بَلَغَ النِّساءُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٨٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٩ عن ابن صاعد.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٩٠).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٧: \"الحقائق\".","vol":"14","page":129},{"text":"ذَلِكَ فالعَصَبَةُ أولَى بالمَرأَةِ مِن أُمِّها إذا كانوا مَحرَمًا، وبِتَزويجِها (^١) أيضًا إن أرادوا. قال: وهَذا يُبَيِّنُ لَكَ أنَّ العَصَبَةَ والأولَياءَ غَيرَ الآباءِ لَيسَ لَهُم أن يُزَوِّجوا اليَتيمَةَ حَتَّى تُدرِكَ، ولَو كان لَهُم ذاكَ لَم يَنتَظِروا بها نَصَّ الحِقاقِ. قال: ومَن رَواه: نَصَّ الحَقائقِ. فإِنَّه أرادَ جَمعَ حَقيقَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٨١١ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنى ابنُ أبى حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عُمارَةَ بنتَ حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ كانَت بمَكَّةَ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعنى فى عُمرَةِ القَضيَّةِ خَرَجَ بها علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- وقالَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: تَزَوَّجْها. فقالَ: \"ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرِّضاعَةِ\". فزوَّجَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سلَمةَ بنَ أبى سلَمةَ، فكانَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"هَل جَزَيتُ سلَمةَ؟ \" (^٣). هَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، ولَيسَ فيه أنَّها كانَت صَغيرَةً، ولِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى بابِ النِّكَاحِ ما لَيسَ لِغَيرِه، وكانَ أولَى بالمُؤمِنينِ مِن أنفُسِهِم، وبِذَلِكَ تَوَلَّى تَزويجَها دونَ عَمِّها العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ إن كان فعَلَ ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٧: \"ويتزوجها\".\n(^٢) ينظر غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٥٧، ٤٥٨.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٣٣٩، ٣٤٠، وهو فى مغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٧٣٨، ٧٣٩، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٣٦١. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٩٦ عن الواقدى: وهو متروك.","vol":"14","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3013>بابٌ: إذنُ البِكرِ الصَّمتُ، وإذنُ الثَّيِّبِ الكَلامُ</span>\n\n١٣٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، حدثنا القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمودِ (^١) بنِ خُرَّزاذَ الأهوازِىُّ قال: قُرِئَ على بُهلولِ بنِ إسحاقَ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَسَنِ وأَنا حاضِرٌ: حَدَّثَكُم سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الأيِّمُ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها مِن وليِّها، والبِكرُ تُستأذَنُ فى نَفسِها، وإِذنُها صُماتُها\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ ابنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا أبى قالا: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُنكَحُ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُستأمَرَ، ولا تُنكَحُ البِكرُ حَتَّى تُستأذَنَ\". قالوا: كَيفَ إذنُها يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الصُّموتُ (^٤) \". أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٥٥٦). وتقدم فى (١٣٧٧٨، ١٣٧٧٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٢١).\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"الصمت\". والحديث أخرجه الترمذى (١١٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧١) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٩٥).","vol":"14","page":131},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٣٨١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُنكَحُ الأيِّمُ حَتَّى تُستأمَرَ، ولا تُنكَحُ البِكرُ حَتَّى تُستأذَنَ\". قالوا: وكَيفَ إذنُها؟ قال: \"أن تَسكُتَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَيبانَ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ المَعنَى قالا: حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُستأمَرُ اليَتيمَةُ فى نَفسِها، فإن سَكَتَت فهو إذنُها، وإِن أبَت فلا جَوازَ عَلَيها\". قال أبو داودَ: والإخبارُ فى حَديثِ يَزيدَ. قال: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو خالِدٍ سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَيّانَ ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤١٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٢٤٣) من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٩٧٠)، ومسلم (١٤١٩).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٠٩٣). وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٠٤).","vol":"14","page":132},{"text":"١٣٨١٦ - قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو بهَذا الحديثِ بإِسنادِه، زادَ فيه: \"وإِن بَكَت أو سَكَتَت\". زادَ: \"بَكَت\". قال أبو داودَ: لَيسَ: \"بَكَت\". بمَحفوظٍ، هو وهْمٌ فى الحديثِ؛ الوَهْمُ مِنَ ابنِ إدريسَ أو محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ (^١).\n\n١٣٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"تُستأمَرُ اليتيمَةُ فى نَفسِها، فإن سكَتَت فهو رِضاها (^٢)، وإِن كَرِهَت فلا كَرهَ عَلَيها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: قال ذَكوانُ مَولَى عائشةَ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: سأَلتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الجاريَةِ يُنكِحُها أهلُها، أتُستأمَرُ أم لا؟ فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم تُستأمَرُ\". قالَت عائشَةُ: فإِنَّها تَستَحْيِى فتَسكُتُ. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذاكَ إذنُها إذا سَكَتَت\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٩٤).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"رضا\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٧. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٠٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٩٦). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٢٤٦) عن الصغانى وغيره به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٧٣٨) من طريق حجاج به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٩٤).\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٩٧١)، ومسلم (١٤٢٠).","vol":"14","page":133},{"text":"١٣٨١٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ ابنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ، حدثنا ابنُ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن أبى عمرٍو مَولَى عائشةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تُستأمَرُ النِّساءُ فى أبضاعِهِنَّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: فإِنَّ البِكرَ تَستَحْيِى. قال: \"تُستأمَرُ، فإنْ سَكتَت فسُكوتُها إذنُها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، أخبرَنى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ (^٣) اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ المَكِّىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ الكِندِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عُرسِ بنِ عَميرَةَ الكِندِىِّ، رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وآمِروا النِّساءَ فى أنفُسِهِنَّ، فإنَّ الثَّيِّبَ تُعرِبُ عن نَفسِها، والبِكرُ رِضاها صَمتُها\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه تمام فى فوائده (٧٦٧) من طريق الفريابى به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٧٩٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٤٦).\n(^٣) فى النسخ: \"عبيد\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة ٤/ ٦٦ (٥٦٠٣)، وابن عساكر ٤٠/ ١٣٨ من طريق عمرو بن الربيع به، وعنده: يحيى بن أيوب عن ابن أبى حسين. لم يذكر: عن أبيه. وينظر الإرواء (١٨٣٦).","vol":"14","page":134},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ الكِندِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"شاوِروا النِّساءَ فى أنفُسِهِنَّ\". فقيلَ له: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ البِكرَ تَستَحْيِى. قال: \"الثَّيِّبُ تُعرِبُ عن نَفسِها، والبِكرُ رِضاها صَمتُها\" (^١). لَم يَذكُرِ العُرسَ فى إسنادِهِ.\n\n١٣٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ بَهرامَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أبى الأسباطِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، وعن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قالا: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا خُطِبَ إلَيه بَعضُ بَناتِه أتَى الخِدْرَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ رَجُلًا -أو إن فُلانًا- يَخطُبُ فُلانَةَ\". فإِن طَعَنَت فى الخِدرِ لَم يُنكِحْها، وإِن لَم تَطعُنْ فى الخِدْرِ أنكَحَها (^٢). كَذا رَواه أبو الأسباطِ الحارِثىُّ ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\nوالمحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى مُرسَلٌ كما:\n\n١٣٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَنبَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن المُهاجِرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحربى فى غريب الحديث ٢/ ٦٧٣ عن هشام بن بهرام بالإسناد الثانى به. والطبرانى (١١٩٩٩)، وابن العديم فى بغية الطلب فى تاريخ حلب ٦/ ٣٤٩ من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"14","page":135},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ المخزومِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا أرادَ أن يُنكِحَ امرأةً مِن بَناتِه جَلَسَ عِندَ خِدرِها فقالَ: \"إنَّ فُلانًا يُريدُ فُلانَةَ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٨٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ، أخبرَنى يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن مُهاجِرِ بنِ عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان إذا خُطِبَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بَعضُ بَناتِه أتَى الخِدرَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ فُلانًا يَخطُبُ فُلانَةَ\". فإِن حَرَّكَته لَم يُنكِحْها، وإن لَم تُحَرِّكْه أنكَحَها (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٣٨٢٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ (^٣) الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا أرادَ أن يُزَوِّجَ إحدَى بَناتِه يَجلِسُ إلَى خِدرِها فقالَ لَها: \"إنَّ فُلانًا يَذكُرُ فُلانَةَ\". فإِن تكَلَّمَت فكَرِهَت لَم يُزَوِّجْها، وإن هِىَ صَمَتَت زَوَّجَها (^٤).\nورَواه أبو حَريزٍ قاضِى سِجِستانَ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، وعن\n_________\n(^١) سيرة ابن إسحاق ص ٢٣٧ (٣٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥٦٢، ٥٧٧) من طريق هشام به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٧٧ - ١٠٢٧٩) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) فى س: \"دحية\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٥٠٢.\n(^٤) ذكره ابن الأثير فى أسد الغابة ١/ ٣٢٣ عن جرير بن حازم به.","vol":"14","page":136},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3014>بابٌ: النِّكاحُ لا يَقِفُ على الإجازَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُجَمِّعٍ ابنَى يَزيدَ بنِ جاريَةَ، عن خَنساءَ بنتِ خِذامٍ (^٢)، أنَّ أباها زَوَّجَها وهِىَ ثَيِّبٌ وهِىَ كارِهَةٌ، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فرَدَّ نِكاحَها. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ فى رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَم يَقُلْ: إلَّا أن تَشائى أن تبَرِّى أباكِ فتُجيزِى إنكاحَه. لَو كانَت إجازَتُها إنكاحَه تُجيزُه أشبَهَ أن يأمُرَها أن تُجيزَ إنكاحَ أبيها ولا تَرُدَّ تَفَوُّتَه عَلَيها (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ قَزَعَةَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى الدِّمَشقِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أخبرَنى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٨٨٣) بالإسناد الأول، وابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٧٨ بالإسنادين معًا.\n(^٢) فى س: \"حزام\"، وفى ص ٧: \"جذام\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٨٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ١١٧، ١١٨. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٩٦).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٩٤٥).","vol":"14","page":137},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَنْكِحُ المَرأَةُ بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّها، فإِن نَكَحَت فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ -ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ- فإن أصابَها فلَها مَهرُها بما أصابَ مِنها، فإنِ اشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ من لا ولىَّ له\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3015>بابٌ: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلىٍّ مُرشِدٍ</span>\n\n١٣٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ داودَ، سَمِعَه مِن سُفيانَ، ذَكَرَه عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-.\n\n١٣٨٢٩ - قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: وحَدَّثَنا بشرُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ جَميعًا قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إن شاءَ اللهُ قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بإذنِ ولِىٍّ مُرشِدٍ أو سُلطانٍ\" (^٢). كَذا قال أبو المُثَنَّى مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى.\nورَواه غَيرُه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ القَواريرِىِّ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. مِن غَيرِ استِثناءٍ (^٢)، تَفَرَّدَ به القَواريرِىُّ مَرفوعًا. والقَواريرِىُّ ثِقَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٩. وأخرجه الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٥/ ٢٠ من طريق ابن أبى مريم به. وتقدم فى\n(١٣٧٢٩، ١٣٧٣٠، ١٣٧٣٢، ١٣٧٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٢١) من طريق القواريرى عن عبد الله بن داود وابن مهدى به مرفوعًا دون استثناء.","vol":"14","page":138},{"text":"١٣٨٣٠ - إلَّا أنَّ المَشهورَ بهَذا الإسنادِ مَوقوفٌ على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- مِثلَه ولَم يَرفَعْه (^١).\n\n١٣٨٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ أو سُلطانٍ، فإِن أنكَحَها سَفيهٌ (^٢) مَسخوطٌ عَلَيه فلا نِكاحَ لَه (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَدِىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ، فإِن أنكحَها ولِىٌّ مَسخوطٌ عَلَيه فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ\" (^٤).\nكَذا رَواه عَدِىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٨٣).\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"أو\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٥٥٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢١ من طريق عدى بن الفضل به.\n(^٥) عدى بن الفضل أبو حاتم مولى بنى تميم. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: ضعفاء العقيلى ٣/ ١٧٠، والجرح=","vol":"14","page":139},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3016>بابٌ: لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بشاهِدَينِ عَدلَينِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ الرَّقِّىُّ (^١)، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَت بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّها وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فإِن دَخَلَ بها فلَها المَهرُ، وإِنِ اشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\" (^٢). قال أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ وهو النَّيسابورِىُّ: أبو يوسُفَ الرَّقِّىُّ هَذا مِن حُفّاظِ أهلِ الجَزيرَةِ ومُتقِنيهِم.\n\n١٣٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ خالِدٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ، فإِن تَشاجَروا (^٣) فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولىَّ له\" (^٤). قال علىٌّ ﵀: تابَعَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n= والتعديل ٧/ ٤، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٨٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٥٤٠. وقال الذهبى فى المهذب\n٥/ ٢٦٩٨: واهٍ. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٧: متروك.\n(^١) فى س: \"المزكى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١٣٤، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٤/ ٢٧٢ من طريق أبى على الحافظ به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٥٥٦).\n(^٣) فى س: \"اشتجروا\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٥ - ٢٢٧، وفى العلل ١٥/ ١٤.","vol":"14","page":140},{"text":"يونُسَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ مِثلَه (^١). قال: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سعيدُ بنُ خالِدِ ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ ويَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ ونوحُ بنُ دَرّاجٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُكَيمٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ، قالوا فيه: \"وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو العباسِ عُصْمُ بنُ العباسِ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\" (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: رُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ نِكاحٌ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وصَداقٍ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٢٠٥٥٦).\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٦٩٩: لم يصح ذا عن هشام؛ سعيد يُجهَّل والباقون ليسوا بشئ.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٧٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٠٩٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٦٨.","vol":"14","page":141},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهَذا وإِن كان مُنقَطِعًا دونَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فإِنَّ أكثَرَ أهلِ العِلمِ يقولُ به، ويَقولُ: الفَرقُ بَينَ النِّكاحِ والسِّفاحِ الشُّهودُ (^١). قال المُزَنىُّ: ورَواه غَيرُ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٣٧ - قال الشيخُ: إنَّما رَواه هَكَذا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَجوزُ نِكاحٌ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا (^٣). وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ مَتروكٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤). وقيلَ: عنه عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٥). ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٣٨٣٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ شُعَيبٍ أبو الحُسَينِ (^٦) الغازِى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) مختصر المزنى ص ١٦٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه الرويانى فى مسنده (٨٣)، وتمام فى فوائده (٧٦٥) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٤٧٣)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى ١٨/ ١٤٢ (٢٩٩) من طريق عبد الله بن محرر به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٦) فى م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"14","page":142},{"text":"يَعقوبُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ موسَى المُزَنىُّ (^١) البَصرِىُّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بوَلِىٍّ وخاطِبٍ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\" (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: وحَدَّثَنا الجُنَيدِىُّ حدثنا البخارىُّ قال: مُغيرَةُ بنُ موسَى بَصرِىٌّ مُنكَرُ الحديث. قال أبو أحمدَ: المُغيرَةُ بنُ موسَى فى نَفسِه ثِقَةٌ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"البَغايا اللاتى يُنكِحنَ أنفُسَهُنَّ بغَيرِ بَيِّنَةٍ (^٤). رَفَعَه عبدُ الأعلَى فى التَّفسيرِ ووَقَفَه فى الطَّلاقِ (^٥).\n\n١٣٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنى مَخلَدُ بنُ أبى عاصِمٍ النَّبيلِ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه مَرفوعًا. والصَّوابُ مَوقوفٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"المدنى\". وينظر لسان الميزان ٦/ ٧٩.\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٥٦. وأخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٢٤٤ من طريق يعقوب بن الجراح به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٩٣٠).\n(^٣) ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٥٦، ٢٣٥٧. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٠: لكن الحديث بعيد من الصحة.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (١١٠٣) عن يوسف بن حماد به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث غير محفوظ، لا نعلم أحدًا رفعه إلا ما روى عن عبد الأعلى عن سعيد عن قتادة مرفوعًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (١١٠٤) من طريق محمد بن جعفر عن سعيد به موقوفًا، وقال: وهذا أصح.","vol":"14","page":143},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهو ثابِتٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ وغَيرِه مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٣٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ القَدّاحُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ و(^٢) مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلَّا بشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ ووَلِىٍّ مُرشِدٍ\". قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأَحسِبُ مُسلِمًا قَد سَمِعَه مِن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ قال: أُتىَ عُمَرُ -﵁- بنِكاحٍ لَم يَشهَدْ عَلَيه إلَّا رَجُلٌ وامرأةٌ فقالَ: هَذا نِكاحُ السِّرِّ ولا أُجيزُه، ولَو كُنتُ تَقَدَّمتُ فيه لَرَجَمتُ (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٠٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢، وضعفه المصنف عقب (١٣٩٢٩).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٠٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢، ٧/ ٢٣٥، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٥. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٠: سنده منقطع.","vol":"14","page":144},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلا بوَلىٍّ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ (^١). هَذا إسنادٌ صحيحٌ. وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ كان يُقالَ له: راويَةُ عُمَرَ. وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يُرسِلُ إلَيه يَسأَلُه عن بَعضِ شأنِ عُمَرَ وأَمرِهِ.\n\n١٣٨٤٤ - وأَمّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَمِيرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حَجّاجٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه أجازَ شَهادَةَ النِّساءِ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ فى النِّكَاحِ (^٢). فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ. والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣). ورُوِّينا فى اشتِراطِ الشُّهودِ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ والحَسَنِ والزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3017>بابُ نِكاحِ العَبدِ بغَيِر إذنِ مالكِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ صالِحِ بنِ حَىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما مَملوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ بغَيرِ إذنِ سَيِّده فهو عاهِرٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٠٤)، وفى الصغرى (٢٣٧٣، ٢٣٧٤).\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٧٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤١٦) من طريق الحجاج به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٤١٤، ١٥٤١٥).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٢١٢)، والدارمى (٢٢٣٣)، وأبو داود=","vol":"14","page":145},{"text":"١٣٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامُ ابنُ يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ المَكِّىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما عبدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليه فهو عاهِرٌ\" (^١). هو القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ.\n\n١٣٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا نَكَحَ العَبدُ بغَيرِ إذنِ مَولاه فنِكاحُه باطِلٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَرَى أنَّ نِكاحَ العَبدِ بغَيرِ إذنِ سَيِّدِه زِنًى، ويُعاقَبُ مَن زَوَّجَه (^٤).\n_________\n= (٢٠٧٨) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به. والترمذى (١١١١، ١١١٢) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٩٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو يعلى (٢٠٠٠، ٢٢٥٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٤ من طريق القاسم بن عبد الواحد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٧٩). وقال: هذا الحديث ضعيف وهو موقوف، وهو قول ابن عمر.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠١٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.","vol":"14","page":146},{"text":"١٣٨٤٩ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا تَزَوَّجَ بإِذنِ (^١) مَواليه فالطَّلاقُ بيَدِ العَبدِ (^٢). ورُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- بمَعناه (^٣). وعن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال فى مَملوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ حُرَّةً بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليه، قال: هِىَ أباحَت فرجَها (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3018>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ عبدَه أمَتَه بغَيِر مَهرٍ</span>\n\n١٣٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَستانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا بأسَ بأَن يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ عبدَه أمَتَه بغَيرِ مَهرٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3019>بابٌ: النِّكاحُ ومِلكُ اليَميِن لا يَجتَمِعانِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا حُصَينٌ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنىِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"بغير إذن\"، وفى المهذب ٥/ ٢٧٠١: \"بلا إذن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٨١) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠١: كذا هذا، فكيف يسميه زنى ثم يجعل بيد العبد الطلاق؟! فإن الزنى يقتضى البطلان. والرواية عنده: إذا تزوج بلا إذن ... كما تقدم.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٠٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٤٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٦٨) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"14","page":147},{"text":"الخطابِ -﵁- أُتىَ بامرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَت عبدًا لَها، فقالَتِ المَرأةُ: ألَيسَ اللهُ تَعالَى يقولُ فى كِتابِه: ﴿أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣]؟ فضَرَبَهُما وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، وكَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ الأمصارِ: أيُّما امرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَت عبدًا لَها أو تَزَوَّجَت بغَيرِ بَيِّنَةٍ أو ولىٍّ فاضرِبوهُما الحَدَّ (^١).\n\n١٣٨٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أُتىَ بامرأةٍ قَد تَزَوَّجَت عبدَها فعاقَبَها، وفَرَّقَ بَينَها وبَينَ عبدِها، وحَرَّمَ عَلَيها الأزواجَ عُقوبَةً لَها. هُما مُرسَلانِ يُؤَكِّدُ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه.\n\n١٣٨٥٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أنَّ امرأةً ورِثَت مِن زَوجِها شِقْصًا (^٢)، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ: هَل غَشِيتَها؟ قال: لا. قال: لَو كُنتَ غَشِيتَها لَرَجَمتُكَ بالحِجارَةِ. ثُمَّ قال: هو عبدُكِ، إن شِئتِ بِعْتِيه، وإن شِئتِ وهَبتيه، وإن شِئتِ أعتَقتيه وتَزَوَّجتيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3020>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُعتِقُ أمَتَه ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُ بها</span>\n\n١٣٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو النضرِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧١٣).\n(^٢) الشقص: النصيب فى العين المشتركة من كل شئ. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧، والنهاية\n٢/ ٤٩٠.","vol":"14","page":148},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن صالِحِ بنِ صالِحٍ الهَمْدانىِّ قال: رأيتُ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ خُراسانَ سألَ الشَّعبِىَّ فقالَ: يا أبا عمرٍو، إنَّ مَن قِبَلَنا مِن أهلِ خُراسانَ يَقولونَ فى الرَّجُلِ إذا أعتَقَ أمَتَه ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها: فهو كالرّاكِبِ بَدَنَتَه. فقالَ الشَّعبِىُّ: حَدَّثَنى أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ يُؤتَوْنَ أجرَهُم مَرَّتَينِ؛ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ آمَنَ بنَبيِّه وأَدرَكَ النّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فآمَنَ به واتَّبعَه وصَدَّقَه فلَه أجرانِ، وعَبدٌ مَملوكٌ أدَّى حَقَّ اللهِ وحَقَّ مَواليه فلَه أجرانِ، ورَجُلٌ كانَت له أَمَةٌ فغَذَاها فأَحسَنَ غِذاءَها، ثُمَّ أدَّبَها فأَحسَنَ تأديبها، ثُمَّ أعتَقَها وتَزَوَّجَها فلَه أجرانِ\" (^١). ثُمَّ قال الشَّعبِىُّ لِلخُراسانىِّ: خُذْ هَذا الحديثَ بغَيرِ شَئٍ، فقَد كان الرَّجُلُ يَرحَلُ فيما دونَ هَذا الحديثِ إلَى المَدينَةِ. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن صالِحٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٥٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن صالِحٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما رَجُلٌ كانَت له جاريَةٌ فأَدَّبَها وأَحسَنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٢٧) من طريق هشيم به. وأحمد (١٩٦٠٢)، والترمذى عقب (١١١٦)،\nوالنسائى (٣٣٤٤)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٦) من طريق صالح بن صالح به. وأبو داود (٢٠٥٣) عن\nالشعبى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠١١، ٥٠٨٣)، ومسلم (١٥٤/ ٢٤١).","vol":"14","page":149},{"text":"تأديبها، وعَلَّمَها فأَحسَنَ تَعليمَها، ثُمَّ أعتقَها فتزوَّجَها فلَه أجرانِ، وأَيُّما عبدٍ مَملوكٍ أدَّى حَقَّ اللهِ ﷿ وحَقَّ مَواليه فلَه أجرانِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ أبو بكرٍ يَعنى ابنَ عَيّاشٍ: عن أبى حَصينٍ عن أبى بُردَةَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\"أعتَقَها ثُمَّ أصدَقَها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الخَيّاطُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إذا أعتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أمَتَه ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها بمَهرٍ جَديدٍ كان له أجرانِ\". لفظُ حديثِ [أحمدَ. وفِى] (^٤) رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: \"إذا أعتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أمَتَه ثُمَّ أمهَرَها مَهرًا جَديدًا كان له أجرانِ\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعتَقَ صَفيَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدى (٧٦٨)، وأحمد (١٩٥٣٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٤٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٨٣).\n(^٤) فى س: \"أبى بكر من\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٠٨)، وفى الصغرى (٢٤٠٢)، والطيالسى (٥٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٥٦) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به.","vol":"14","page":150},{"text":"وجَعَلَ عِتقَها صَداقَها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: سَبَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَفيَّةَ فأَعتَقَها وتَزَوَّجَها. قالَ ثابِتٌ البُنانىُّ لأنَسٍ: ما أصدَقَها؟ قال: أصدَقَها نَفسَها؛ أعتَقَها وتَزَوَّجَها (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ قال: سَمِعتُ القاضِىَ أحمدَ بنَ محمدٍ البِرْتىَّ (^٥) يقولُ: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ أكثَمَ عن هَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: هَذا كان لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- خاصَّةً.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ويُذكَرُ هَذا أيضًا عن المُزَنىِّ ﵀ أنَّه ذَكَرَ هَذا الحديثَ لِلشّافِعِىِّ ﵀ فحَمَلَه على التَّخصيصِ، ومَوضِعُ التَّخصيصِ أنَّه أعتَقَها مُطلَقًا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها على غَيرِ مَهرٍ، ونِكاحُ غَيرِه لا يَخلو مِن مَهرٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٥٤)، والترمذى (١١١٥)، والنسائى (٣٣٤٢)، وابن حبان (٤٠٩١) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٥ (١٣٦٥/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٨)، وأبو يعلى (٣٩٢٦) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٩٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٢٠١).\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧: \"البرقى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٠٨.","vol":"14","page":151},{"text":"١٣٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يَكرَهُ أن يُجعَلَ عِتقُ المَرأَةِ مَهرَها حَتَّى يَفرِضَ لَها صَداقًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وعَلَى (^٢) هَذا يَدُلُّ حَديثُ أبى موسَى برِوايَةِ أبى بكرِ ابنِ عَيّاشٍ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٣٨٦٠ - وقَد رُوِىَ [مِن حَديثٍ ضَعيفٍ] (^٣) أنَّه أمهَرَها. أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا [علىُّ بنُ الحسنِ] (^٤) السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ قال: حَدَّثَتنا عُلَيلَةُ (^٥) يَعنى بنتَ الكُمَيتِ العَتَكيَّةُ، عن أُمِّها أُمَيمَةَ، عن أمَةِ اللهِ بنتِ رُزَينَةَ، عن أُمِّها رُزَينَةَ قالَت: لمَّا كان يَومُ قُرَيظَةَ والنَّضيرِ جاءَ بصَفيَّةَ يَقودُها سَبِيَّةً حَتَّى فتحَ اللهُ عَلَيه وذِراعُها فى يَدِه، فلَمّا رأتِ السَّبْىَ (^٦) قالَت: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ. فأَرسَلَ ذِراعَها مِن يَدِه، فأَعتَقَها وخَطَبَها وتَزَوَّجَها وأَمهَرَها رُزَينَةَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤١٠٩).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"مثل\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فى حديث صفية\".\n(^٤) فى النسخ: \"الحسن بن على\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقه: \"بخطه\". وتقدم فى\n(٣٨٧٩، ٥٧٥٣)، وسيأتى فى (٢٠٦٦٢).\n(^٥) فى ص: \"غليلة\". وينظر صفة الصفوة ٤/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٦) فى الأصل، وص ٧: \"النبى ﷺ\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧١٦١)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٧٧ (٢٠٥) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر القراريرى به.=","vol":"14","page":152},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3021>جماعُ أبوابِ اجتِماعِ الوُلاةِ وأَولاهُم وتَفَرُّقِهِم، وتَزويجِ المَغلوبِين على عُقولِهِم والصِّبيانِ وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3022>باب لا وِلايَةَ لأحَدٍ مَعَ أبٍ</span>\n\n١٣٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عَيّاشٌ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- -فيما يَحسِبُ حَمّادٌ- أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذكَرَ خَديجَةَ بنتَ خوَيلِدٍ، وكانَ أبوها يَرغَبُ عن أن يُزَوِّجَه، فصَنَعَت طَعامًا وشَرابًا، فدَعَت أباها ونَفَرًا مِن قُرَيشٍ، فطَعِموا وشَرِبوا حَتَّى ثَمِلوا. فقالَت خَديجَةُ -﵂- لأبيها: إنَّ محمدًا يَخطُبُنِى فزَوِّجْه. فزَوَّجَها إيّاه، فخَلَّقَته وأَلبَسَته حُلَّةً -وكانوا يَصنَعونَ بالآباءِ إذا زَوَّجوا بَناتِهِم- فلَمّا سُرِّىَ عنه السُّكرُ نَظَرَ فإِذا هو مُخَلَّقٌ عَلَيه حُلَّةٌ، فقالَ: ما شأنِى؟ قالَت: زَوَّجتَنِى محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ. فقالَ: أنا أُزَوِّجُ يَتيمَ أبى طالِبٍ؟ فقالَ: لا لَعَمرِى. فقالَت خَديجَةُ: أما تَستَحيِى! تُريدُ أن تُسَفِّهَ نَفسَكَ عِندَ قُرَيشٍ، تُخبِرُ النّاسَ أنَّكَ كُنتَ سَكرانَ؟! فلَم تَزَلْ به حَتَّى أقَرَّ (^١).\n\n١٣٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ،\n_________\n= وعند الطبرانى: أمينة. بدلًا من: أميمة.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٤٩، ٢٨٥٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"14","page":153},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ (^١) بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُؤَمَّلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن أبيه، عن مِقسَمٍ أبى القاسِمِ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الحارِثِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ تَزويجِ خَديجَةَ -﵂-. فذَكَرَت: أنَّها كَلَّمَت أخاه (^٢) فكَلَّمَ أباه وقَد سُقِى خَمرًا، فذَكَرَ له رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ومَكانَه وسألَه أن يُزَوِّجَه، فزَوَّجَه خَديجَةَ ونامَ ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ صاحيًا فأَنكَرَ أن يَكونَ زَوَّجَه فقالَ: أينَ صاحِبُكُمُ الَّذِى تَزعُمونَ أنِّى زَوَّجْتُهُ؟ فبَرَزَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا نَظَرَ إلَيه قال: إن كُنتُ زَوَّجْتُه فسَبيلُ ذاكَ، وإِن لَم أكُنْ فعَلتُ فقَد زَوَّجْتُه (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ خَديجَةَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ، وأَنكَحَه إيَّاها أبوها خوَيلِدُ بنُ أسَدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ الأودِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ حاطِبٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: لما ماتَت خَديجَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدٍ -﵂- جاءَت خَولَةُ بنتُ حَكيمٍ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألا تَزَّوَّجُ؟ قال: \"ومَن؟ \". قالَت: إن شِئتَ بِكرًا، وإِن شِئتَ ثَيِّبًا. قال: \"ومَنِ البكرُ ومَنِ الثَّيِّبُ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ، وضبب عليها فى الأصل، وفى مصدرى التخريج: \"أخاها\". وهو الصواب.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٧١. وأخرجه البزار (١٤١٨) من طريق عمر بن أبى بكر به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٦٩.","vol":"14","page":154},{"text":"قالَت: أمّا البِكرُ فابنَةُ أحَبِّ خَلقِ اللهِ إلَيكَ؛ عائشَةُ بنتُ أبى بكرٍ، وأَمّا الثَّيِّبُ فسَودَةُ بنتُ زَمعَةَ؛ قَد آمَنَت بكَ واتَّبعَتكَ. قال: \"فاذكُريهِما لِى\". قالَت: فأَتَت أُمَّ رومانَ فقالَت: يا أُمَّ رومانَ ماذا أدخَلَ اللهُ عَلَيكُم مِنَ الخَيرِ والبَرَكَةِ؟! قالَت: وما ذاكَ؟ قالَت: رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَ عائشةَ. قالَتِ: انتَظِرِى فإِنَّ أبا بكرٍ آتٍ. فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: أوَ تَصلُحُ له وهِىَ ابنَةُ أخيه؟ قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أخوه وهو أخِى وابنَتُه تَصلُحُ لِى\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فقالَ لَها أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: قولِى لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فليأتِ. قال: فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فمَلَكَها. قالَت خَولَةُ: ثُمَّ انطَلَقتُ إلَى سَودَةَ وأَبوها شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ قَد جَلَسَ عن المَواسِمِ، فحَيَّيتُه بتَحيَّةِ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ فقُلتُ: أنعِمْ صَباحًا. قال: مَن أنتِ؟ قُلتُ: خَولَةُ بنتُ حَكيمٍ. قالت: فرَحَّبَ بى وقالَ ما شاءَ اللهُ أن يَقولَ. قالَت: قُلتُ: محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ يَذكُرُ سَودَةَ بنتَ زَمعَةَ. فقالَ: كُفْءٌ كَريمٌ، ماذا تَقولُ صاحِبَتُكِ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم تُحِبُّ. قال: فقولِى له فليأتِ. قالَت: فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فمَلَكَها، وقَدِمَ عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ فجَعَلَ يَحثو على رأسِه التُّرابَ أن تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَودَةَ (^١). وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ.\n\n١٣٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أنَّ شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمزَةَ أخبَرَه، عن الزُّهرِىَّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٤١١.","vol":"14","page":155},{"text":"ابنُ أبى عمرٍو. قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: أخبرَنِى. وقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- حينَ تأَيَّمَت حَفصَةُ بنتُ عُمَرَ مِن خُنَيسِ بنِ حُذاقَةَ السَّهمِىِّ -وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا، فتوُفِّىَ بالمدينَةِ- قال عُمَرُ: فلَقيتُ عثمانَ فعَرَضتُ عَلَيه حَفصَةَ فقُلتُ: إن شِئتَ أنكَحتُكَ حَفصَةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ؟ فقالَ: سأَنظُرُ فى أمرِى. فلَبِثتُ لَيالِىَ ثُمَّ لَقيَنى فقالَ: قَد بَدا لِى ألا أتَزَوَّجَ يَومِى هَذا. قال عُمَرُ: فلَقيتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- فقُلتُ له: إن شِئتَ أنكَحتُكَ حَفصَةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ؟ فصَمَتَ أبو بكرٍ ولَم يَرجِعْ إلَىَّ شَيئًا، فكُنتُ عَلَيه أوجَدَ مِنِّى على عثمانَ، فلَبِثتُ لَيالِىَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَها إلَىَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَنكَحتُها إيَّاه، فلَقيَنى أبو بكرٍ فقالَ: لَعَلَّكَ وجَدتَ علىَّ حينَ عَرَضتَ علىَّ حَفصَةَ فلَم أرجِعْ إلَيكَ شَيئًا؟ قال: فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّه لَم يَمنَعْنِى أن أرجِعَ إلَيكَ فيما عَرَضتَ علىَّ إلَّا أنِّى قَد كُنتُ عَلِمتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد ذَكَرَ حَفصةَ فلَم أكُنْ لأُفشِىَ سِرَّ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ولَو تَرَكَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَبِلتُها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (١١٦) عن أبى اليمان به. والطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣١٦٢) من طريق شعيب به. والبخارى (٥١٢٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٠٥، ٥١٤٥).","vol":"14","page":156},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3023>بابُ وِلايَةِ الأخِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ ناجيَةَ وعِمرانُ قالا: حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّ مَعقِلَ بنَ يَسارٍ زَوَّجَ أُختَه رَجُلًا فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَةً فبانَت مِنه، ثُمَّ جاءَ يَخطُبُها فأَبَى عَلَيه وقالَ: أفرَشتُكَ كَريمَتِى ثُمَّ طَلَّقتَها ثُمَّ جِئتَ تَخطُبُها؟! لا واللهِ، لا أُزَوِّجُكَها. وكانَتِ المَرأَةُ قَد هَويَت أن تُراجِعَه، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قال مَعقِلٌ: نَعَم أُزَوِّجُكَها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ خالِدٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن (^٢) عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3024>بابُ وِلايَةِ ابنِ العَمِّ، وإِذا كان هو وليًّا فابنُ الأخِ ثُمَّ العَمُّ أولىَ أن يَكونَ وليًّا</span>\n\n١٣٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدِ ابنُ زيادٍ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سَلْمُ (^٤) بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الطاهر فى جزئه (٦٥) من طريق خالد به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٢٥، ١٣٧٢٦).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٣٠).\n(^٤) فى س: \"سليم\"، وفى ص ٧: \"سالم\".","vol":"14","page":157},{"text":"وكيعٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-: ﴿وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٧]. قالَت: هذه اليَتيمَةُ تَكونُ عِندَ الرَّجُلِ هو وليُّها، لَعَلَّها تَكونُ شَريكَتَه فى مالِه وهو أولَى بها، فيَرغَبُ عَنها أن يَنكِحَها ويَعضِلَها لمالِها، فلا يُنكِحُها غَيرَه كَراهيَةَ أن يَشرَكَه أحَدٌ فى مالِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن وكيعٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3025>بابُ الابنِ يُزَوِّجُها إذا كان عَصَبَةً لَها بغَيِر البُنوَّةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ السَّامِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عُمَرَ ابنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أصابَته مُصيبَةٌ فليقُلْ: إنّا للهِ وإِنّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، اللَّهُمَّ عِندَكَ أحتَسِبُ مُصيبَتِى، فأْجُرنِى فيها وأَبدِلنِى بها خَيرًا مِنها\". فلَمّا ماتَ أبو سلمةَ قُلتُها، فجَعَلتُ كُلَّما طَلَبتُ: \"أبدِلْنِى بها خَيرًا مِنها\". قُلتُ فى نَفسِى: ومَن خَيرٌ مِن أبى سلمةَ؟ ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٤/ ٤١٩ من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٩٢٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٢٨)، ومسلم (٣٠١٨/ ٨، ٩).","vol":"14","page":158},{"text":"قُلتُها. فلَمّا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها بَعَثَ إلَيها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يَخطُبُها عَلَيه، فقالَت لابنِها: يا عُمَرُ، قُمْ فزَوِّجْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فزَوَّجَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ. ولَيسَ فى رِوايَةِ الأصبَهانِىِّ ذِكرُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ولا ذِكرُ العِدَّةِ، ولَكِن قال: قالَت: فخَطَبَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقُلتُ: إنَّه لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِن أوليائى شاهِدٌ. قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِنهُم شاهِدٌ ولا غائبٌ إلَّا سَيَرضَى بى\". فقُلتُ: يا عُمَرُ قُمْ فزَوِّجْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وعُمَرُ بن أبى سلمةَ كان عَصَبَةً لَها، وذاكَ لأنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ هِىَ هِندُ بنتُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ، وعُمَرُ هو ابنُ أبى سلمةَ، وأبو سلمةَ اسمُه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الأسَدِ بنِ هِلالِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أبى مَنيعٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوسَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ الأرْدَسْتانِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا نَصرٍ الكَلاباذِىَّ الحافظَ\n﵀ يقولُ: عُمَرُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ توُفِّىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- وهو ابنُ تِسعِ سِنينَ،\nوماتَ فى خِلافَةِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٨، ١٧٩، وأبو يعلى (٦٩٠٧)، وعنه ابن حبان (٢٩٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٩٧)، والنسائى (٣٢٥٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) رجال صحيح البخارى ٢/ ٥٠٧، ٥٠٨ (٧٨١). =","vol":"14","page":159},{"text":"١٣٨٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عثمانَ المَخزومِىُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سلمةَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ أُمَّ سلمةَ. قال: \"مُرِى ابنَكِ أن يُزَوِّجَكِ\". أو قال: \"زَوَّجَها ابنُها\". وهو يَومَئذٍ صَغيرٌ لَم يَبلُغْ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكانَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى بابِ النِّكَاحِ ما لَم يَكُنْ لِغَيرِهِ.\n\n١٣٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وحَجَّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ خَطَبَ أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ فقالَت: يا أبا طَلحَةَ ألَستَ تَعلَمُ أنَّ إلَهَكَ الذِى تَعبُدُ خَشَبَةٌ تَنبُتُ مِنَ الأرضِ نَجَرَها حَبَشِىُّ بَنى فُلانٍ؟! إن أنتَ أسلَمتَ لَم أُرِدْ مِنكَ مِنَ الصَّداقِ غَيرَه. قال: حَتى أنظُرَ فى أمرِى. قال: فذَهَبَ ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ. قالَت: يا أنَسُ زَوِّجْ أبا طَلحَةَ (^٢).\n_________\n= وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٥: فعلى هذا لا يستقيم أن يكون ابنها زوَّجها؛ لأنه كان يكون عمره إما سنتين أو ثلاث سنين، ولا أظنه زوَّجها؛ لأنه لو زوَّجها لكان أقل ما يكون له سبع سنين، ولكان يكون يوم وفاة النبى -ﷺ- فى خمس عشرة سنة، وهذا بعيد كما ترى، وقد كان بحضرة النبى -ﷺ- من بنى عبد الله بن عمر بن مخزوم الأرقم بن أبى الأرقم وغيره من المهاجرين.\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز فى جزئه (٤٢٢). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٩٤٩ - بغية) عن الواقدى به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٥: الواقدى هالك.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٣٩٥) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"14","page":160},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ ابنُها وعَصَبَتُها، فإِنَّه أنَسُ بنُ مالكِ ابنِ النَّضرِ بنِ ضَمضَمِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ حَرامٍ مِن بَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ النَّجّارِ، وأُمُّ سُلَيمٍ هِىَ ابنَةُ مِلحانَ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١) [بنِ حَرامٍ مِن بَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ النَّجّارِ] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3026>بابُ اعتِبارِ الكَفاءَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ فى رِوايَةِ البوَيطىِّ: أصلُ الكَفاءَةِ مُستَنبَطٌ مِن حَديثِ بَريرَةَ، كان زَوجُها غَيرَ كُفءٍ لَها فخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٧٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كاتَبَت بَريرَةُ على نَفسِها تِسْعَةَ (^٤) أواقٍ، فى كُلِّ سنةٍ أوقيَّةٌ، فأَتَت عائشةَ تَستَعينُها، فقالَت: لا إلا أن يَشاءوا أن أعُدَّها لَهُم عَدَّةً واحِدَةً ويَكونَ الوَلاءُ لِى. فذَهَبَت بَريرَةُ فكَلَّمَت فى ذَلِكَ أهلَها فأَبَوا عَلَيها إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ، وفى نسخة من م: \"زيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٣٥٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٢/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٢) ليس فى: م. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٦: أرفع من أنس بن مالك عمه أنس بن النضر بن ضمضم بن\nزيد بن حرام، فهو أقرب إليها، والظاهر أن قولها: يا أنس. هو أنس بن النضر؛ ولأن ابنها أنسًا كان\nيوم زواجها بأبى طلحة ابن عشر.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٨٤، وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤١١٠)، وفى الصغرى (٢٤٠٥).\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"تسعة بتسعة\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بتسعة\"، وكتب فى المتن فوق المثبت:\n\"كذا\".","vol":"14","page":161},{"text":"أن يَكونَ الوَلاءُ لَهُم، فجاءَت إلَى عائشةَ -﵂- وجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَت لَها ما قال أهلُها، فقالَت: لاها اللهِ إذًا إلَّا أن يَكونَ الوَلاءُ لِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ابتاعيها واشتَرِطِى لَهمُ الوَلاءَ وأَعتِقيها، فإِنَّما (^١) الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ثُمَّ قامَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللهِ؛ يَقولونَ: أعتِقْ يا فُلانُ، الوَلاءُ لِى؟! كِتابُ اللهِ أحَقُّ، وشَرطُ اللهِ أوثَقُ، وكُلُّ شَرطٍ لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللهِ فهو باطِلٌ وإِن كان مِائَةَ شَرطٍ\". قالَت (^٢): وخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن زَوجِها وكانَ عبدًا فاختارَت نَفسَها. قال عُروةُ: ولَو كان حُرًّا ما خَيَّرَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nوفيه دَلالَةٌ على ما قَصَدناه بالدَّلالَةِ، وعَلَى ثُبوتِ الوَلاءِ لِلمُعتِقِ، وأَن (^٥) لا ولاءَ لِغَيرِ المُعتِقِ، ومِن أحكامِ الوَلاءِ ثُبوتُ وِلايَةِ النِّكَاحِ لمن له الوَلاءُ عِندَ عَدَمِ المُناسِبِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ، وفِى اعتِبارِ الكَفاءَةِ أحاديثُ أُخَرُ لا تَقومُ بأَكثَرِها الحُجَّةُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فإن\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٣٣) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به. والنسائى (٣٤٥١) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٢٥٣٦٧)، والترمذى (١١٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤٢٧٢) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم فى (١٠٩٤٨). وسيأتى فى (١٤٣٧٩، ٢١٤٧٧، ٢١٧٥١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٩).\n(^٥) بعده فى س: \"كان\".","vol":"14","page":162},{"text":"١٣٨٧١ - مِنها وهو أمثَلُها، ما أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ فرَّقَهُما، قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال له: \"يا علىُّ، ثَلاثَةٌ لا تُؤَخِّرْها، الصَّلاةُ إذا أتَت، والجِنازَةُ إذا حَضَرَت، والأيِّمُ إذا وجَدتَ كُفْئًا\" (^١).\n\n١٣٨٧٢ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ ابنُ عِمرانَ الجَعفَرِىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَخَيَّروا لِنُطَفِكُم، وأَنكِحوا الأكْفاءَ، وأَنكِحوا إلَيهِم\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيوبَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٧١، ١٠٧٥) عن قتيبة به. وابن ماجه (١٤٨٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الترمذى: غريب حسن. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٧: سعيد مجهول. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٣٢٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٩٦٨) عن عبد الله بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٧: الحارث وصاحباه ضعفاء، وقال ابن حبان فى الحارث: كان يضع الحديث. وقال البوصيرى فى الزوائد: فى إسناده الحارث بن عمران المدينى. قال فيه أبو حاتم: ليس بالقوى، والحديث الذى رواه لا أصل له، يعنى هذا الحديث، عن الثقات، وقال الدارقطنى: متروك.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٣.","vol":"14","page":163},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو أُمَيَّةَ ابنُ يَعلَى عن هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٨٧٤ - وأَمّا حَديثُ مُبَشِّرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن عَطاءٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. \"لا تُنكِحوا النِّساءَ إلا الأكْفاءَ، ولا يُزَوِّجُهُنَّ إلا الأولياءُ، ولا مَهرَ دونَ عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ\". فهَذا حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\nأخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السُّكَينِ البَلَدِىُّ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ الحَكَمِ (^٢) الرَّسعَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ (^٣) عبدُ القُدّوسِ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَجَّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nقال علىٌّ ﵀: مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ مَتروكُ الحديث (^٥)، أحاديثُه لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيها.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: وقَد رَواه بَقيَّةُ [بنُ الوَليدِ] (^٦) عن مُبَشِّرٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٩ من طريق أبى أمية به.\n(^٢) فى النسخ: \"الحسن\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقه: \"بخطه\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٦٥، والثقات ٨/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٣) بعده فى س. \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥. وأخرجه ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤١٢ عن ابن السكين به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٣) من طريق أبى المغيرة به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٥٠٠).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٥٤٤).\n(^٦) ليس فى: الأصل، س، م. والمثبت من ص ٧، وحاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"بخطه\".","vol":"14","page":164},{"text":"الحَجّاجِ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^١). وهو ضَعيفٌ لا تَقومُ بمِثْلِه الحُجَّةُ. وقيلَ: عن بَقيَّةَ مِثلَ الأوَلِ.\n\n١٣٨٧٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا بقيَّةُ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرٌ -وأَنا أبرأُ مِن عُهدَتِه- عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن عمرِو ابنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ.\n\n١٣٨٧٦ - وعن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُزَوِّجِ النِّساءَ إلا الأولياءُ، ولا يُزَوَّجْنَ (^٢) إلا الأكفاءَ، ولا مَهرَ دونَ عَشرَةِ دَراهِمَ\" (^٣).\nقائلُ قَولِه: وأَنا أبرأُ مِن عُهدَتِه. ابن خْزَيمَةَ.\n\n١٣٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: لأمنَعَنَّ (^٤) لِذَواتِ الأحسابِ فُروجَهُنَّ (^٥) إلا مِنَ الأكفاءِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٠٩٤)، وابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤١٢ من طريق بقية عن مبشر عن أبى الزبير به، دون ذكر الحجاج.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٧، م: \"يزوجهن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدراقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٥، وابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤١١ من طريق بقية عن مبشر عن الحجاج عن عطاء وعمرو به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"لا ينبغى\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"تزوجهن\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الدراقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٨ من طريق مسعر به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٣٢٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٨٨١) =","vol":"14","page":165},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد جَعَلَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ المَعنَى فى اشتِراطِ الوُلاةِ فى النِّكَاحِ كَى لا تضعَ (^١) المَراةُ نَفسَها [فى غيرِ كُفْءٍ] (^٢)، فقالَ: لا مَعنَى له أولَى به مِن أن لا تَزَوَّجَ إلَّا كُفْئًا، بَل لا أحسِبُه يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ جُعِلَ لَهُم أمرٌ مَعَ المَرأَةِ فى نَفسِها إلا لِئَلَّا تَنكِحَ إلَّا كُفْئًا.\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3027>بابُ اشتِراطِ الدِّينِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا﴾. وقالَ ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢١]. ثُمَّ استَثنَى فقالَ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٥]. دَلَّ بذَلِكَ على أنَّ المُرادَ بالمُشرِكاتِ الوَثَنيّاتُ والمجوسيّاتُ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: انطَلَقتُ أنا والأشتَرُ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقُلنا: هَل عَهِدَ إلَيكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَيئًا لَم يَعهَدْه إلَى النّاسِ؟ فقالَ: لا، إلا ما فى كِتابِى. وإِذا فيه: \"المُؤمِنونَ تَكافأُ\n_________\n= من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد بن طلحة به.\n(^١) فى س، م: \"تضيع\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٥.","vol":"14","page":166},{"text":"دِماؤُهُم، وهم يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3028>بابُ اعتِبارِ النَّسَبِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ وسَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ قالا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، حَدَّثَنى أبو عَمّارٍ شَدّادٌ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ اصطَفَى بَنِى كِنانَةَ مِن بَنِى إسماعيلَ، واصطَفَى مِن بَنِى كِنانَةَ قُرَيشًا، واصطَفَى مِن قُرَيشٍ بَنِى هاشِمٍ، واصطَفانِى مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ\". وقالَ الرَّبيعُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ اصطَفَى مِن قُرَيشٍ بَنِى هاشِمٍ، واصطَفانِى مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٣٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ اختارَ العَرَبَ فاختارَ مِنهُم كِنانَةَ\". أو قال: \"النَّضرَ بنَ كِنانَةَ\". شَكَّ حَمّادٌ - \"ثُمَّ اختارَ مِنهُم قُرَيشًا، ثُمَّ اختارَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٩٨٥)، وأبو داود (٤٥٣٠)، وأحمد (٩٩٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٧٤٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتى فى (١٦٠٠٩، ١٦٨٩٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٩٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ١٦٥. وتقدم فى (١٣٢٠٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٧٦/ ١).","vol":"14","page":167},{"text":"مِنهُم بَنِى هاشِمٍ، ثُمَّ اختارَنِى مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ\" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ.\n\n١٣٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوابِ، حدثنا عَمّارٌ يَعنِى ابنَ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أوسِ بنِ ضَمعَجٍ، عن سَلمانَ قال: ثِنتان فضَلتُمونا بها يا مَعشَرَ العَرَبِ؛ لا نَنكِحُ نِساءَكُم، ولا نَؤُمُّكُم (^٢). هَذا هو المحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٣٨٨٢ - وقَد حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حامِدٍ البَلْخِىُّ، حدثنا مَعمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا مَكَىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن سَلمانَ -﵁- قال: نَهانا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن نَتَقَدَّمَ أمامَكُم أو نَنكِحَ نِساءَكُم.\nوَرُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضعيفٍ عن سَلمانَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3029>بابُ اعتِبارِ الحُرّيَّةِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-. أنَّها اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ مِن أُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ واشتَرَطوا الوَلاءَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ١٦٧، وليس عنده: عبيد الله بن موسى، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٩٧.\nوأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ١/ ٢٠ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٥٩٤)، وابن الجعد (٤٤٤)، والطبرانى (٦١٥٨) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وليس عند الطبرانى: ولا نؤمكم. وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ١٨٠ (٢٩٩).","vol":"14","page":168},{"text":"لِمَن ولِىَ النِّعمَةَ\". قالَت: وخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وكانَ زَوجُها عبدًا (^١).\nأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3030>بابُ اعتِبارِ الصَّنعَةِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا بَعضُ إخوانِنا، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"العَرَبُ بعضُها (^٣) أكفاءٌ لِبعضٍ؛ قَبيلَةٌ بقَبيلَةٍ ورَجُلٌ برَجُلٍ، والمَوالِى بَعضُهُم أكْفاءٌ لِبَعضٍ؛ قَبيلَةٌ بقَبيلَةٍ ورَجُلٌ برَجُلٍ إلا حائكٌ أو حَجّامٌ\" (^٤). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ شُجاعٍ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَيثُ لَم يُسَمِّ شُجاعٌ بَعضَ أصحابهِ.\nورَواه عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن علىِّ بنِ عُروةَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ\nعن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمرَ (^٥). وهو ضعيفٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٢١٧٤)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٣٧٣، ٢١٤٧٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١١).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"بعضهم\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٠٧). وينظر علل ابن أبى حاتم (١٢٣٦، ١٢٦٧، ١٢٧٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن الجوزى فى العلل المتناهية (١٠١٨) من طريق عثمان به. وعنده: على بن عروة عن نافع. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٩: كأنه من وضع ابن عروة.\n(^٦) هو عثمان بن عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الحرانى، أبو عبد الرحمن، ويقال: أبو عبد الله. ينظر الكلام\nعليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٣٨، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٥٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٢٨. وقال\nابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١١: صدوق، أكثر الرواية عن الضعفاء والمجاهيل، فضعف بسبب ذلك.","vol":"14","page":169},{"text":"وروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِع وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\n\n١٣٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ على الإِسفَرايينىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا زُرعَةُ بنُ عبدِ (^١) اللهِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن عِمرانَ ابنِ أبى الفَضلِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"العَرَبُ أكفاءٌ بَعضُها بَعضًا؛ قَبيلٌ بقَبيلٍ ورَجُلٌ برَجُلٍ، والمَوالِى أكفاءٌ بَعضُها بَعضًا، قَبيلٌ بقَبيلٍ ورَجُلٌ برَجُلٍ، إلا حائكٌ أو حَجّامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٨٦ - وروِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- وهو أيضًا\nضَعيفٌ.\nأخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأزدِىُّ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"العَرَبُ لِلعَرَبِ أكْفاءٌ، والمَوالِى أكفاءٌ لِلمَوالِى، إلا حائكٌ أو حَجّامٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عبيد\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٦٠٦، والإكمال ٤/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى ٥/ ١٧٤٩، وابن الجوزى فى العلل المتناهية (١٠١٧) من طريق بقية به. قال\nالذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٩: عمران متهم، وزرعة تُرك.\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"الأودى\". وكتب فى الحاشية: \"صوابه: الأزدى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٠٩: الحكم عَدَمٌ.","vol":"14","page":170},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3031>بابُ اعتِبارِ السَّلامَةِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الأنجُذانِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مِيناءَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى، ولا هامَةَ، ولا صَفَرَ (^١)، وفِرَّ مِنَ المَجذومِ فِرارَكَ مِنَ الأسَدِ\". أو قال: \"مِنَ الأسوَدِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ عَفّانُ: حدثنا سَليمٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوروّينا عن أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُورِدُ مُمرِضٌ على مُصِحٍّ\" (^٤). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ (^٥) مَعَ ما نَستَدِلُّ به فى رَدِّ النِّكاحِ بالعُيوبِ الخَمسَةِ إن شاءَ اللهُ.\n\n١٣٨٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى، عن سعيدٍ يَعنى ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) كانت العرب تزعم أن فى البطن حية يقال لها: الصَّفَر. تصيب الإنسان إذا جاع وتؤذيه وأنها تعدى فأبطل الإسلام ذلك. وقيل: أراد به النسئ الذى كانوا يفعلونه فى الجاهلية، وهو تأخير المحرم إلى صفر، ويجعلون صفر هو الشهر الحرام فأبطله. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٥، ٢٦، والنهاية ٣/ ٣٥.\n(^٢) الأسود: الحية العظيمة. التاج ٨/ ٢٢٦ (س ود). والحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم -كما فى الفتح ١٠/ ١٥٨ - من طريق سليم بن حيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٧٠٧).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٤٣٥٢ - ١٤٣٥٤، ١٤٣٥٦).\n(^٥) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"14","page":171},{"text":"عُمَرُ: إذا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ وبِها جُنونٌ أو جُذامٌ أو بَرَصٌ [أو قَرْنٌ] (^١)، فإِن كان دَخَلَ بها فلَها الصَّداق بمَسِّه إيّاها، وهو له على الوَلىِّ (^٢). واللهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3032>بابُ اعتِبارِ اليَسارِ فى الكَفاءَةِ</span>\n\n١٣٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ ابنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أن أبا عمرِو بنَ حَفصٍ طَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ وهو غائبٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قالَت: فلَمّا حَلَلتُ ذَكَرتُ له يَعنِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أنَّ مُعاويَةَ وأَبا جَهمٍ خَطَبانِى، فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"أمّا أبو جَهمٍ فلا يَضَعُ عَصاه عن عاتِقِه، وأَمّا مُعاويَةُ فصُعلوكٌ لا مالَ له، انكِحِى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ\". قالَت: فكَرِهْتُه. ثُمَّ قال: \"انكِحِى أُسامَةَ\". فنَكَحتُه فجَعَلَ اللهُ فيه خَيرًا واغتَبَطْتُ بهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨١٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٣٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٤١).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥٨٠، ٥٨١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٣٢٧. ٢٧٣٢٨)، والنسائى (٣٢٤٥)، وابن حبان (٤٠٤٩، ٤٢٩٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٨٤) عن القعنبى به. وسيأتى فى (١٤١٣٢، ١٤١٥٥، ١٥٥٧٣، ١٥٨٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٦).","vol":"14","page":172},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ ابنِ الحَكَمِ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى بُرَيدَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ أحسابَ أهلِ الدُّنيا هَذا المالُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ (^٢) وعَلِىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ (^٣) عن الحُسَينِ ابنِ واقِدٍ.\n\n١٣٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ الله ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ أبى مُطيعٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الحسَبُ (^٤) المالُ، والكَرَمُ التَّقوَى\" (^٥).\n\n١٣٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٩) من طريق على بن الحسين به. والنسائى (٣٢٢٥) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٩٠)، وابن حبان (٧٠٠) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٥٩)، والطبرانى فى الكبير (٢٥٧٤) من طريق على بن الحسن به.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف: قلت: وقد ورد تفسير الحسب بحسن الخلق\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٣ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٠٢)، والترمذى (٣٢٧١)، وابن ماجه (٤٢١٩) من طريق يونس بن محمد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٣٩٩).","vol":"14","page":173},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ الملِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وهو ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ: حدثنا أبى قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَرَمُ المَرءِ دينُه، ومُروءَتُه عَقلُه، وحَسَبُه خُلُقُه\" (^١).\nلَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ: ولَيسَ فى رِوايَةِ ابنِ يوسُفَ: \"ومُروءَتُه عَقلُه\".\nورُوِىَ مِثلُ هَذا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- مِن قَولِه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3033>بابٌ: لا يُرَدُّ نِكاحُ غَيرِ الكُفءِ إذا رَضِيَتْ به الزَّوجَةُ ومَن له الأمرُ مَعَها وكانَ مُسلِمًا</span>\n\n١٣٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا بَنِى بَياضَةَ أنكِحوا أبا هِندٍ وأنكِحوا إلَيه\". قال: وكانَ حَجّامًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٢٣ وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبى بقوله: بل مسلم ضعيف، وما خرج له. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى مكارم الأخلاق (٢٨) عن على بن عبد العزيز به. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٣) من طريق مسلم بن خالد به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٨٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٦٥٨). وسيأتى فى (٢٠٨٤٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٠٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٦٤ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٦٧) من طريق الربيع بن سليمان به. وأبو داود (٢١٠٢)، وأبو يعلى (٥٩١١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧١٠: إسناده صالح. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٥٠).","vol":"14","page":174},{"text":"١٣٨٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^١).\nوفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ وكَثيرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا الزُّبَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ فى هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّهُم قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ نُزَوِّجُ بَناتِنا مَواليَنا؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا﴾ (^٢) [الحجرات: ١٣] الآيَة.\n\n١٣٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ النَّسَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى الجَهمِ العَدَوِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ تَقولُ: إنَّ زَوجَها طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا، فلَم يَجعَلْ لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُكنَى ولا نَفَقَةً. قالَت: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَلَلتِ فآذِنينِى\". فآذَنَتْه، فخَطَبَها مُعاويَةُ وأبو جَهمٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ -﵃-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا مُعاويَةُ فرَجُلٌ تَرِبٌ (^٣) لا مالَ له، وأَمّا أبو جَهمٍ فرَجُلٌ ضَرّابٌ لِلنِّساءِ، ولَكِن أُسامَةُ\". فقالَت بيَدِها هَكَذا، أُسامَةُ أُسامَةُ! قال: فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"طاعَةُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٨٩.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٢٣٠). وقال أبو داود: وروى بعضه مسندًا، وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) ليس فى: الأصل، س، ص ٧، والمهذب ٥/ ٢٧١٠، والمثبت من م، وحاشية الأصل، وكتب:\n\"بخطه\". وترب: فقير. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٢٠.","vol":"14","page":175},{"text":"وطاعَةُ رسولِه خَيرٌ لَكِ\". قالَت: فزُوِّجتُه (^١) فاغتَبَطتُ بهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\nوفاطِمَةُ بنتُ قَيسٍ قُرَشيَّةٌ مِن بَنِى فِهرٍ، فإِنَّها فاطِمَةُ بنتُ قَيسِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ وهبِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ وائلَةَ (^٤) بنِ عمرِو بنِ شَيبانَ بنِ مُحارِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ، وأُسامَةُ هو ابنُ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ بنِ شَراحيلَ الكَلبِىُّ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n١٣٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا (^٥) القاسِمُ بنُ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى حُسَينُ بنُ أبى السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أعيَنَ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأسَدِىُّ، عن الكُمَيتِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأسَدِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَذكورٌ مَولَى زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ -﵂- قالَت: خَطَبَنى عِدَّةٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَرسَلتُ إلَيه [أُختى تُشاوِرُه] (^٦) فى ذَلِكَ قال: \"فأَينَ هِىَ ممَّن يُعَلِّمُها كِتابَ رَبِّها وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّها؟ \". قالَت: مَن؟ قال: \"زَيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ\". فَغَضِبَت وقالَت:\n_________\n(^١) فى م، والمهذب: \"فتزوجته\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٧١)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٨٦٩، ٢٠٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٢٢)، والترمذى (١١٣٥) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائى (٣٤١٨) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وتقدم فى (١٣٨٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٧).\n(^٤) فى م، ونسختين من الإصابة: \"واثلة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٣/ ٢٧٩، والإصابة ٥/ ٣٣٦\n(كلاهما فى ترجمة الضحاك بن قيس). وينظر الإيناس فى علم الأنساب ص ٢٦٣ وحاشيته.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"أبو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤٢٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٤٤.\n(^٦) فى س: \"حتى أشاوره\"، وفى ص ٧: \"أختى تستأمره\"، وفى م: \"أختى أشاوره\".","vol":"14","page":176},{"text":"تُزَوِّجُ بنتَ عَمِّكَ مَولاكَ؟! ثُمَّ أتَتنِى فأَخبَرَتنِى بذَلِكَ فقُلتُ أشَدَّ مِن قَولِها وغَضِبتُ أشَدَّ مِن غَضبِها، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٦]. قالَت: فأَرسَلتُ إلَيه: زَوِّجْنِى مَن شِئتَ. قالَت: فزَوَّجَنِى مِنه، فأَخَذتُه بلِسانِى، فشَكانِى إلَى النَّبىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ [له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمسِكْ عَلَيكَ زَوجَكَ واتَّقِ اللهَ\". ثُمَّ أخَذتُه بلِسانِى، فشَكانِى إلَى النَّبِىِّ] (^١) وقالَ: أنا أُطَلِّقها. فطَلَّقَنِى فبَتَّ طَلاقِى، فلَمّا انقَضَت عِدَّتِى لَم أشعُرْ إلا والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- وأَنا مَكشوفَةُ الشَّعَرِ فقُلتُ: هَذا أمرٌ مِنَ السَّماءِ. وقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ بلا خطبَةٍ ولا شَهادَةٍ؟ قال: \"الله المُزَوِّجُ وجِبريلُ الشّاهِدُ\" (^٢). وهَذا وإِن كان إسناده لا تَقومُ بمِثلِه حُجَّةٌ، فمَشهورٌ أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ جَحشٍ -وهِىَ مِن بَنِى أسَدِ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، وأُمُّها أُمَيمَةُ بنتُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ بنِ هاشمٍ عَمَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كانَت عِندَ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ حَتَّى طَلَّقَها ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ - بها. وكَذا فى الحديثِ: ابنَةَ عَمِّكَ. والصَّوابُ: ابنَةَ عَمَّتِكَ.\n\n١٣٨٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على ضُباعَةَ بنتِ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فقالَ لَها: \"كأَنَّكِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س. وكتب فى حاشية الأصل \"لا إلى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٩ (١٠٩)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠١ من طريق الحسين بن أبى السرى به.","vol":"14","page":177},{"text":"تُريدينَ الحَجَّ؟ \". قالَت: أجِدُنِى شاكيَةً. فقال لَها: \"حُجِّى واشتَرِطِى أنَّ مَحِلِّى حَيثُ حَبَستَنِى\". وَكانَت تَحتَ المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"زَوَّجتُ المِقدادَ وزَيدًا ليَكونَ أشرَفَكُم عِندَ اللهِ أحسَنُكُم خُلُقًا\" (^٣). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وفيما قَبلَه كِفايَةٌ.\nوالمِقدادُ هو ابنُ عمرِو بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ مالكٍ حَليفُ الأسوَدِ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى زُهرَةَ، فنُسِبَ إلَيه ولَم يَكُنْ مِن صُلبِهِم، وقَد زوِّجَت مِنه ضُباعَةُ بنتُ الزُّبَيرِ ابنِ عبدِ المُطلِبِ بنِ هاشِمٍ.\n\n١٣٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ أبا حُذَيفَةَ بنَ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ -وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠١٩٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٨٩)، ومسلم (١٢٠٧/ ١٥٤).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠.","vol":"14","page":178},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-- تَبَنَّى سالمًا وزَوَّجَه ابنَةَ أخيه هِندَ بنتَ الوَليدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وهو مَولًى لِامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ كما تبَنَّى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- زَيدًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢). فهَذِه قُرَشيَّةٌ مِن بَنِى عبدِ شَمسِ بنِ عبدِ مَنافٍ زوِّجَت مِن مَولًى.\n\n١٣٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ العَتيقُ، حدثنا عاصِمُ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى الحَسَنِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ الجُمَحِىِّ، عن أُمِّه قالَت: رأيتُ أُختَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ تَحتَ بلالٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٠١ - وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن هارونَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ مُرسَلًا أنَّ بَنِى بُكَيرٍ أتَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: زَوِّجْ أُختَنا مِن فُلانٍ. فقالَ: \"أينَ أنتُم عن بلالٍ؟ \". فعادوا فأَعادَ ثَلاثًا. فزَوَّجوه. قال: وكانَ بَنو بُكَيرٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٢٦٥٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٨٨).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠١، ٣٠٢.\n(^٤) المراسيل (٢٢٩). وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٢٣٧ من طريق هشام بن سعد به.","vol":"14","page":179},{"text":"١٣٩٠٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الزّاهِدُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَيمونٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أنَّ أخًا لبِلالٍ كان يَنتَمِى فى العَرَبِ ويَزعُمُ أنَّه مِنهُم، فخَطَبَ امرأةً مِنَ العَرَبِ، فقالوا: إن حَضَرَ بلالٌ زَوَّجْناكَ. قال: فحَضَرَ بلالٌ فقالَ: أنا بلالُ بنُ رَباحٍ وهَذا أخِى، وهو امرُؤُ سَوءٍ، سَيِّئُ الخُلُقِ والدّينِ، فإِن شِئتُم أن تُزَوِّجوه فزَوِّجوه، وإِن شِئتُم أن [تَدَعوا فدَعوا] (^١). فقالوا: مَن تكُن أخاه نُزَوِّجْه. فزَوَّجوه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3034>بابٌ: لا يُرَدُّ النِّكاحُ بنَقصِ المَهرِ إذا رَضيَتِ المَرأَةُ به وكانَت مالكَةً لأمرِها، لأنَّ المَهرَ لَها دونَ الأولياءِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ امرأةً تَزَوَّجَت على نَعلَينِ، فجِئَ بها إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ لَها: \"أرَضيتِ مِن نَفسِكِ ومالِكِ بنَعلَينِ؟ \". فقالَت: نَعَم. فأَجازَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- (^٣). وفيه أخبارٌ أُخَرُ مَوضِعُها كِتابُ الصَّداقِ.\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"تدعوه فدعوه\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٨٣ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ٢٣٧ عن عارم بن الفضل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٩)، والترمذى (١١١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٩٠، ١٤٤٩١).","vol":"14","page":180},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3035>بابُ ما جاءَ فى عَضلِ الوَلىِّ، والمَرأَةِ تَدعو إلَى كَفاءَةٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٢].\n\n١٣٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ التَّميمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ فى قَولِ اللهِ ﷿ ﴿فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ﴾. قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ المُزَنِىُّ أنَّها نَزَلَت فيه. قال: كُنتُ زَوَّجتُ أُختًا لِى مِن رَجُلٍ فطَلَّقَها، حَتَّى إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها جاءَ يخطُبُها (^١)، فقُلتُ له: زَوَّجتُكَ وفَرَشتُكَ (^٢) وأَكرَمتُكَ فطَلَّقتَها ثُمَّ جِئتَ تَخطُبُها! لا واللهِ لا تَعودُ إلَيها أبَدًا. قال: وكانَ رَجُلًا لا بأسَ به، وكانَتِ امرأتُه تُريدُ أن تَرجِعَ إلَيه. قال: فأَنزَل اللهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ فقُلتُ: الآنَ أفعَلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ، فزَوَّجْتُها إيّاه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن حَمدانَ بهَمَذانَ (^٥)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"فخطبها\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"أفرشتك\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٧٢٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥١٣٠).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"بهمدان\".","vol":"14","page":181},{"text":"الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ موسَى يقولُ: حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَت بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليها فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فإِن أصابَها فلَها مَهرُها بما أصابَها، وإِن تَشاجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِىُّ مَن لا ولِىَّ له\" (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ الله وشُرَيحٍ قالوا: لا نِكاحَ إلا بوَلىٍّ إلا امرأةً يَعضُلُها الوَلِىُّ فتأتى السُّلطانَ أوِ القاضِىَ (^٢). وعن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ قال: كَتَبَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ: إن كان كُفئًا فقولوا لأبيها يُزَوِّجُها. فإِن أبَى فزَوِّجوها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3036>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَفسيِر العَضْلِ الآخَرِ الذِى نَهَى اللهُ ﷾ عَنهُ</span>\n\n١٣٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ يَعنى ابنَ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ وابنُ سَمُرَةَ الأحمَسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أسباطُ، حدثنا الشَّيبانىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. قال الشَّيبانىُّ: وذَكَرَه عَطاءٌ أبو الحَسَنِ السُّوائىُّ، ولا أظُنُّه ذَكَرَه إلا عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى هذه\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٨. وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٣٠) عن أبى عاصم به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٢٩، ١٣٧٣٠، ١٣٧٧٢، ١٣٨٢٧، ١٣٨٣٣، ١٣٨٣٤).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٧٦٠).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٤٢) وفيه أنها كانت ثيبًا.","vol":"14","page":182},{"text":"الآيَةِ: ﴿لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٩]. قال: كانَ الرَّجُلُ إذا ماتَ كان أولياؤُه أحَقَّ بامرأتِه مِن ولِىِّ نَفسِها، إن شاءَ بَعضُهُم تَزَوَّجَها، وإِن شاءوا زَوَّجوها، وإِن شاءوا لَم يُزَوِّجوها، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ فى ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أسباطَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا﴾ [النساء: ١٩]. قال: كان إذا توُفِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ عَمَدَ حَميمُ المَيِّتِ إلَى امرأتِه فأَلقَى عَلَيها ثَوبًا فيَرِثُ نِكاحَها فيَكونُ هو أحَقَّ بها (^٣)، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تعالى هذه الآيَةَ. وقَولُه: ﴿وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ مِنَ المَهرِ، فهو الرَّجُلُ يَعضُلُ امرأتَه فيَحبِسُها ولا حاجَةَ له فيها، إرادَةَ أن تَفتَدِىَ مِنه، فذَلِكَ قَولُه: ﴿وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ﴾. يقولُ: ولا تَحبِسوهُنَّ ﴿لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ يَعنى ما أعطَيتُموهُنُّ، ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ يَعنِى العِصيانَ البَيِّنَ وهو النُّشوزُ، فقَد أحَلَّ اللهُ الضَّربَ والهِجرانَ، فإِن أبَت حَلَّت له الفِديَةُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٨٩) عن أحمد بن منيع به. والبخارى (٤٥٧٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٠٩٤) من طريق أسباط به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٤٨).\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"من غيره\".\n(^٤) تفسير مقاتل ١/ ٢٢١. وينظر الدر المنثور ٤/ ٢٨٧.","vol":"14","page":183},{"text":"وتَمامُ هَذا البابِ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ فى آخِر كِتابِ القَسمِ، حَيثُ نَقَلنا كَلامَ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀ فى هذه الآيَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3037>بابُ الوَكالَةِ فى النِّكاحِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أنكَحَ الوَليَّانِ فهو لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما، وإِذا بايَعَ الرَّجُلُ بَيعًا مِنَ الرَّجُلَينِ فهو لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما\" (^١).\n\n١٣٩٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أنكَحَ وليّانِ فالنِّكاحُ لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما، وِإذا باعَ رَجُلٌ مَتاعًا مِن رَجُلَينِ فهو لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما\" (^٢). هَكَذا رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ وهو المحفوظُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: لا يَكونُ نِكاحُ وليَّيْن (^٣) مُتَكافِئًا حَتَّى يَكونَ لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما إلا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٤٩) من طريق أبان به. وقال ابن المدينى: لم يسمع الحسن من عقبة شيئًا.\nالتلخيص الحبير ٣/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٩٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٤١)، وأبو داود (٢٠٨٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٣٩٧، ٥٣٩٨) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى فى (١٣٩٢١).\n(^٣) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"وليس\"، وكتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وفى الحاشية: \"بخط المؤلف:\nوليين\".","vol":"14","page":184},{"text":"بوَكالَةٍ مِنهُما مَعَ تَوكيلِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ فزَوَّجَه أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ أبى سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٣٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ إلَى النَّجاشِىِّ فزَوَّجَه أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ أبى سُفيانَ وساقَ عنه أربَعَمائَةِ دينارٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا فى تَزويجِ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ علىٍّ مِن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵄-، قال: فقالَ علىٌّ لحَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ -﵃-: زَوِّجا عَمَّكُما. فزَوَّجاه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3038>بابٌ: لا يَكونُ الكافِرُ وليًّا لمسلِمَةٍ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد زَوَّجَ ابنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ أبى سُفيانَ وأبو سُفيانَ حَىٌّ؛ لأنَّها كانَت مُسلِمَةً وابنُ سعيدٍ مسلمٌ ولَم يَكُنْ لأبِى سُفيانَ فيها وِلايَةٌ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى قَطَعَ الوَلايَةَ بَينَ المُسلِمينِ والمَشرِكينِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٤٦١.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٣٥٢٥، ١٣٧٧٧).\n(^٤) الشافعى ٥/ ١٥.","vol":"14","page":185},{"text":"مَنصورٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ، أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ، فماتَ بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ، فزَوَّجَها النَّجاشِىُّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وأَمهَرَها عنه أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وبَعَثَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ شُرَحبيلَ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٩١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ، عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ الذِى ولِىَ نِكاحَها ابنُ عَمِّها خالِدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهو ابنُ ابنِ عَمِّ أبيها، فإِنَّها أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ أبى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، والعاصُ هو ابنُ أُمَيَّةَ.\nوقَد قيلَ: إنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- هو الذِى ولِىَ نِكاحَها.\n\n١٣٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ وحَسّانُ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: أنكَحَه إيّاها عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁- بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الزُّهرِىُّ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٠٨)، وأبو داود (٢١٠٧)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٥٠).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٤٦٠، ٤٦١.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٣٥٥٣).","vol":"14","page":186},{"text":"وعُثمانُ هو ابنُ عَفّانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ ابنُ ابنِ عَمِّ أبيها، وأَيُّهُما زَوَّجَها فالولايَةُ قائمَةٌ إلا أنَّ فيه اختِلافًا ثالِثًا.\n\n١٣٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو عمرٍو الفَقيهُ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ العَظيمِ العَنبَرِىُّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا أبو زُمَيلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: كان المُسلِمونَ لا يَنظُرونَ إلَى أبى سُفيانَ ولا يُقاعِدونَه، فقالَ لِلنِّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ ثَلاثٌ أعطِنيهنَّ (^١)؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: عِندِى أحسَنُ العَرَبِ وأَجَمَلُهُنَّ أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بنتُ أبى سُفيانَ أُزَوِّجُكَها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: ومُعاويَةُ تَجعَلُه كاتِبًا بَينَ يَدَيكَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: وتُؤَمِّرُنِى حَتَّى أُقاتِلَ الكُفّارَ كما كُنتُ أُقاتِلُ المُسلِمينَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال أبو زُمَيلٍ: ولَولا أنَّه طَلَبَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ما أعطاه ذَلِكَ؛ لأنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يُسأَلُ شَيئًا إلا (^٢) قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عباسِ بنِ عبدِ العَظيمِ وأَحمَدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"أعطيتهن\".\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"أعطاه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٢٠٩) من طريق أحمد بن يوسف به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٤٨٧) عن العباس بن عبد العظيم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٠١/ ١٦٨).","vol":"14","page":187},{"text":"فهَذا أحَدُ ما اختَلَفَ فيه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ؛ فأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ وتَرَكَه البخارىُّ، وكانَ لا يَحتَجُّ فى كِتابِه \"الصحيح\" بعِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ، وقالَ: لَم يَكُنْ عِندَه كِتابٌ فاضطَرَبَ حَديثُه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الحَديثُ فى قِصَّةِ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ -﵂- قَد أجمَعَ أهلُ المَغازِى على خِلافِه؛ فإِنَّهُم لَم يَختَلِفوا فى أنَّ تَزويجَ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ -﵂- كان قَبلَ رُجوعِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وأَصحابِه مِن أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ، وإِنَّما رَجَعوا (^٢) زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ، فتَزَويجُ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ كان قَبلَه، وإِسلامُ أبى سُفيانَ بنِ حَربٍ كان زَمَن الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ بَعدَ نِكاحِها بسَنَتَينِ أو ثَلاثٍ، فكَيفَ يَصِحُّ أن يَكونَ تَزويجُها بمَسأَلَتِه؟! وإِن كانَت مَسألَتُه الأولَى إيّاه وقَعَت فى بَعضِ خَرَجاتِه إلَى المَدينَةِ وهو كافِرٌ حينَ سَمِعَ نَعىَ زَوجِ أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ، والمَسأَلَةُ الثّانيَةُ والثّالِثَةُ وقَعَتا بَعدَ إسلامِه لا يَحتَمِلُ إن كان الحَديثُ مَحفوظًا إلا ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3039>بابُ إنكاحِ الوَليَّيِن</span>\n\n١٣٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧١٥: ولا أخرج البخارى لسماك أبى زميل شيئًا، والظاهر أنه هو الذى أخطأ بذكر أم حبيبة، يدل عليه قوله فى آخر المتن.\n(^٢) فى س: \"رجع جعفر\".\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧١٥: صَدْر الحديث يدل على خلاف هذا الاحتمال، وقد مر الحديث الأول فى الباب مع ثبوته بوفاق إجماع أهل المغازى، وبعض المتأخرين حمل خبر أبى زميل على أنه أراد أن يجدد العقد على يده، وهذا تكلف.","vol":"14","page":188},{"text":"القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المعروفُ بابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسُولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أنكَحَ الوَليّانِ فالأوَّلُ أحقُّ\" (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى كِتابِ تَحريمِ الجَمعِ وفِى الإِملاءِ، وزادَ فيه فى الإِملاءِ: \"وإِذا باعَ المُجيزانِ فالأوَّلُ أحَقُّ\".\n\n١٣٩١٦ - ورَواه فى كِتابِ \"أحكام القرآن\" كما أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ \"المسند\" قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ بإِسنادِه ومَتنِه بتَمامِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن الحَسَنِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٣٩١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الخطابِ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ البَكراوِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ -﵁- قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ زَوَّجَها وليّانِ فهِىَ لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١١٢، ٤١١٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١١٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٧٩، وفى المسند ٢/ ٢١ (٣٠ - شفاء العى).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٤٩ (٩٦٠) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم فى (١٣٩٠٨).","vol":"14","page":189},{"text":"١٣٩١٨ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"المستدرك\" أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ باعَ مِن رَجُلَينِ بَيعًا فهو لِلأوّلِ مِنهُما، وأَيُّما امرأةٍ زَوَّجَها وليّانِ فهِىَ لِلأوّلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ بنِ دِعامَةَ السَّدوسِىِّ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ أو عن عُقبَةَ. قال سعيدٌ: ما أُراه إلا عن عُقبَةَ -الشَّكُّ مِن سعيدٍ- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ زَوَّجَها وليّانِ فهِىَ لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ المُجَوِّزُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ أو عُقبَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أنكَحَ الوَليّانِ فالأوَّلُ أحَقُّ، وإِذا باعَ المُجيزانِ فالأوَّلُ أحَقُّ\". هَذا الاختِلافُ وقَعَ مِنِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ فى إسنادِ هَذا الحَديثِ. وقَد تابَعَه أبانٌ العَطارُ عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه: عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ (^٣). والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ مَن رَواه عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٥. وأخرجه الترمذى (١١١٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٢٧٨) من طريق سعيد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن. وتقدم فى (١٣٩٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٢١٩٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٣٩٠٨).","vol":"14","page":190},{"text":"١٣٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ (^١)، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجَماهِرِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ ابنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ زَوَّجَها وليّانِ فهِىَ لِلأوَّلِ، وأَيُّما رَجُلَينِ ابتاعا بَيعًا فهو لِلأوَّلِ مِنهُما\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ هِشامٍ. ورِوايَةُ الباقينَ بمَعناه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ عن الحَسَنِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٢٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى الوَزيرِ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"كثير\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٤، ١٧٥، وأبو داود (٢٠٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٤) من طريق همام به. وتقدم فى (١٤٩٠٩).\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"عن سمرة\".","vol":"14","page":191},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أشعَثُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أنكَحَ المُجيزانِ فالأوَّلُ أحَقُّ\" (^١).\n\n١٣٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، أنَّ امرأةً زَوَّجَها أولياؤُها بالجَزيرَةِ مِن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ الحُرِّ، [وزَوَّجَها أهلُها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بالكوفَةِ، فرَفَعوا ذَلِكَ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁-، ففَرَّقَ بَينَها] (^٢) وبَينَ زَوجِها الآخِرِ، ورَدَّها إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ، وجَعَلَ لَها صَداقَها بما أصابَ مِن فرجِها، وأَمَرَ زَوجَها الأوَّلَ ألَّا يَقرَبَها حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3040>بابُ ما جاءَ فى (^٤) اليَتيمَةِ تَكونُ فى حَجرِ وليِّها فيَرغَبُ فى نِكاحِها</span>\n\n١٣٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قال: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كان عُروةَ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سألَ عائشةَ -﵂- عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٥ وصححه.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، ص ٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٢٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٢٨) من طريق آخر عن على به.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"نكاح\".","vol":"14","page":192},{"text":"وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣]. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: هِىَ اليَتيمَةُ تكونُ فى حَجرِ وليِّها فيَرغَبُ فى جَمالِها أو مالِها، ويُريدُ أن يَتَزَوَّجَها بأَدنَى مِن سُنَّةِ نِسائِها، فنُهوا عن نِكاحِهِنَّ إلَّا أن يُقسِطوا لَهُنَّ فى إكمالِ الصَّداقِ، وأُمِروا بنِكاحِ مَن سِواهُنَّ مِنَ النِّساءِ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ثُمَّ استَفتَى النّاسُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾ قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فبيَّن اللهُ ﷿ لهم (^١) فى هذه الآيَةِ أنَّ اليَتيمَةَ إذا كانَت ذاتَ جَمالٍ ومالٍ رَغِبوا فى نِكاحِها ولَم يَلحَقوا بسُنَّةِ نِسائِها فى إكمالِ الصَّداقِ، وإِذا كانَت مَرغوبًا عَنها فى قِلَّةِ المالِ تَرَكوها والتَمَسوا غَيرَها مِنَ النِّساءِ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فكما تَرَكوها حينَ يَرغَبونَ عَنها فلَيسَ لَهُم أن يَنكِحوها إذا رَغِبوا فيها إلَّا أن يُقسِطوا لَها ويُعطوها حَقَّها الأوفَى مِنَ الصَّداقِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سألَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣٠٨٣) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٦٣، ٦٩٦٥).","vol":"14","page":193},{"text":"عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾. قالَت: يا ابنَ أُختى هذه اليَتيمَةُ تَكونُ فى حَجرِ وليِّها تُشارِكُه فى مالِه، فيُعجِبُه مالُها وجَمالُها فيُريدُ وليُّها أن يَتَزَوَّجَها بغَيرِ أن يُقسِطَ فى صَداقِها فيُعطيَها مِثلَ ما يُعطيها غَيرُه، فنُهوا أن يَنكِحوهُنَّ إلا أن يُقسِطوا لَهُنَّ ويَبلُغوا بهِنَّ أعلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنَ الصَّداقِ، وأُمِروا أن يَنكِحوا ما طابَ لَهُم مِنَ النِّساءِ سِواهُنَّ. قال عُروةُ: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: ثُمَّ إنَّ النّاسَ استَفتَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَ هذه الآيَةِ فيهِنَّ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾. قال: والذِى ذَكَرَ أنَّه يُتلَى عَلَيهِم فى الكِتابِ الآيَةُ الأولَى التى قال فيها: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: وقالَ اللهُ ﷿ فى الآيَةِ الأُخرَى: ﴿وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾. رَغبَةَ أحَدِكُم عن يَتيمَتِه التى تكونُ فى حَجرِه حينَ تَكونُ قَليلَةَ المالِ والجَمالِ، فنُهوا أن (^١) يَنكِحوا ما رَغِبوا فى مالِها وجَمالِها مِن يَتامَى النِّساءِ إلا بالقِسطِ مِن أجلِ رَغبَتِهِم عَنهُنَّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س: \"لا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٤٦)، وابن حبان (٤٠٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. والبخارى (٥٠٦٤) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٠١٨/ ٦).","vol":"14","page":194},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ المِصرِىُّ وهو أبو الطّاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وقالَ فى آخِرِه: قال يونُسُ: وقالَ رَبيعَةُ فى قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى﴾ [النساء: ٣]. قال: يقولُ: اترُكوهُنَّ إن خِفتُم، فقَد أحلَلتُ لَكُم أربَعًا (^١).\n\n١٣٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ هو الحافظُ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَهمِ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الحَوارِىِّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ﴾. إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قالَت: هِىَ اليَتيمَةُ فى حَجرِ الرَّجُلِ قَد شَرِكَته فى مالِه فيَرغَبُ عَنها أن يَتَزَوَّجَها، ويَرغَبُ أن يُزَوِّجَها غَيرَه (^٢) فيَدخُلَ عَلَيه فى مالِه (^٣)، فيَحبِسَها، فنَهاهُمُ اللهُ عن ذَلِكَ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٥)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٦)، واختُلِفَ فى لَفظِه على هِشامٍ، وحَديثُ الزُّهرِىِّ أكمَلُ وأَحفَظُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٦٨).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"مالها\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٦٦).\n(^٥) البخارى (٥١٣١).\n(^٦) البخارى (٤٦٠٠)، ومسلم (٣٠١٨/ ٩).","vol":"14","page":195},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3041>بابُ لا يُزَوِّجُ نَفسَه امرأةً هو وليُّها كما لا يَشتَرِى مِن نَفسِه شَيئًا هو ولىُّ بَيعِهِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: الحَكَمُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا نِكاحَ إلا بأَربَعَةٍ، ولِىٍّ وشاهِدَينِ وخاطِبٍ (^١).\nولَه شاهِدٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بإِسنادٍ مُنقَطِعٍ:\n\n١٣٩٢٩ - أَخبَرَنا أبو علىٍّ رَوحُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ التَّميمِىُّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الماسَرجِسِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا نِكاحَ إلا بأَربَعٍ؛ خاطِبٍ ووَلِىٍّ وشاهِدَينِ (^٢). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ إلا أنَّ قَتادَةَ لَم يُدرِكِ ابنَ عباسٍ.\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣)، والمشهورُ عنه مَوقوفٌ. وروِىَ ذَلِكَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٦٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٨٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٧١) من طريق سفيان عن محمد بن خالد أبى يحيى عن رجل.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وشاهدى عدل\".\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٣٨٤١).","vol":"14","page":196},{"text":"١٣٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الصّابونِىُّ الفَقيهُ بنَيسابورَ سنةَ ثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ الخُوارِزمِىُّ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نِكاحَ إلا بوَلِىٍّ وخاطِبٍ وشاهِدَىْ عَدلٍ\" (^١).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٢). ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3042>بابُ الأبِ يُزَوِّجُ ابنَه الصَّغيرَ</span>\n\n١٣٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ زَوَّجَ ابنًا له ابنَةَ أخيه، وابنُه صَغيرٌ يَومَئذٍ (^٤). وهَذا مَحمولٌ على أنَّ أخاه أوجَبَ العَقدَ، و[أَنَّ عَمَّه قَبِلَهْ] (^٥) لابنِه الصَّغيرِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٤٣/ ٦٩ من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٧٤٩)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٩٢٧).\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٩٢٥)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٣٥٥. وسيأتى فى (١٤٥٣٠).\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وابن عمر قبله\". وكتب: \"صح\".","vol":"14","page":197},{"text":"ورُوِّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ والحَسَنِ والشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ (^١). وروِىَ عن الحَسَنِ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا: \"إذا أنكَحَ الرَّجُلُ ابنَه وهو كارِهٌ فلا نِكاحَ له، وإِذا زَوَّجَه وهو صَغيرٌ جازَ نِكاحُه\" (^٢). وروِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه قال: الصَّداقُ على الابنِ الذِى أنكَحتُموه (^٣). وروِىَ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: إذا أنكَحَ الرَّجُلُ ابنَه الصَّغيرَ فنِكاحُه جائزٌ ولا طَلاقَ له (^٤). وعن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: لا يَجوزُ عَلَيه (^٥) طَلاقٌ (^٦). يَعنى على المَجنونِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3043>بابُ الكَلامِ الذِى يَنعَقِدُ به النِّكاحُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ ﵎ لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]. وقالَ: ﴿وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]. مَعَ آياتٍ سِواهُما ذَكَرَها. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: سَمَّى اللهُ النِّكاحَ اسمَينِ؛ النِّكاحَ والتَّزوجَ (^٧)، وأَبانَ أنَّ الهِبَةَ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- دونَ المُؤمِنينَ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور (٧٧٣ - ٧٧٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٥١٠ - ١٧٥١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٥٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٥٠).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"له\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٩٥).\n(^٧) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"التزويج\".\n(^٨) الأم ٥/ ٣٧.","vol":"14","page":198},{"text":"١٣٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبى حازِمِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- جاءَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى قَد وهَبتُ نَفسِى لَكَ. فقامَت قيامًا طَويلًا، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ زَوِّجْنيها إن لم يكُنْ لَكَ بها حاجَةٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عِندَكَ مِن شَئٍ تُصدِقُها إيّاه؟ \". فقالَ: ما عِندِى إلا إزارِى هَذا. فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكَ إن أعطَيتَها إزارَكَ جَلَستَ لا (^١) إزارَ لَكَ، فالتَمِسْ شَيئًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ شَيئًا. قال: \"فالتَمِسْ ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ\". فالتَمَس فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا، فقالَ (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم سورَةُ كَذا وسورَةُ كَذا. لِسوَرٍ سَمّاها. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد زَوَّجْتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٣).\nرَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ وفُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ وغَيرُهُم (^٥) عن أبى حازِمٍ [عن سَهْلِ بنِ سعدٍ] (^٦) عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ولا\".\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: له\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢١١١)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٨٥٠)، والترمذى (١١١٤)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٩٣). وتقدم فى (١٣٤٩٣)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٧٤، ١٤٤٧٥، ١٤٥١٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣١٠، ٥١٣٥، ٧٤١٧).\n(^٥) فى الأصل: \"وغيره\" وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\". وفى الحاشية: \"وغيرهم\".\n(^٦) سقط من: م.","vol":"14","page":199},{"text":"\"قَد زَوَّجْتُكَها\" (^١). وقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٢) فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه: \"قَد أنكَحْتُكَها على ما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\". وقالَ فى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى عنه: \"قَد زَوَّجْتُكَها\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى حازِمِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ القَومِ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ هذه القِصَّةَ، لَم يَذكُرِ الإزارَ. قالَ: فقامَ رَجُلٌ قالَ (^٤): أنكِحنيها. وقالَ فى آخِرِه. فقالَ: \"قَد أنكَحْتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٥). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٣٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، سَمِعَ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: كُنتُ فى القَومِ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقامَتِ امرأةٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وقالَ: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النّاسِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ زَوِّجْنيها. وقالَ فى آخِرِه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى (٥١٣٢)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"عن سهل بن سعد\".\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"بما معك من القرآن\".\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقال.\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٩٨)، والنسائى (٣٢٠٠، ٣٢٨٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥١٤٩)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٧).","vol":"14","page":200},{"text":"قال (^١): \"اذهَبْ فقَد زَوَّجْتُكَها على ما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِه -ﷺ- فقالَ: أىْ رسولَ اللهِ إن لَم يَكُنْ لَكَ بها حاجَةٌ فزَوِّجْنيها. وقالَ فى آخِرِه: قال: \"فاذهَبْ فقَد مَلَّكْتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ دونَ سياقِه تَمامَ المَتنِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن يَعقوبَ وعَبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ عن أبى حازِمٍ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى هَذا الحديثِ: \"اذهَبْ فقَد مُلِّكْتَها (^٤) بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\". ثُمَّ قال: هَذا حَديثُ ابنِ أبى حازِمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٣٩٣٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٥٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٦٢٢).\n(^٤) فى ص ٧، م: \"ملكتكها\". قال النووى: \"مُلِّكْتها\". هكذا هو فى معظم النسخ، وكذا نقله القاضى عن رواية الأكثرين بضم الميم وكسر اللام المشددة على ما لم يُسَمَّ فاعلُه، وفى بعض النسخ: \"ملكتكها\" بكافين، وكذا رواه البخارى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٩/ ٢١٤، وينظر إكمال المعلم ٤/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٠٣٠، ٥١٢٦)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٦).","vol":"14","page":201},{"text":"وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وقالَ فيه: قال: \"اذهَبْ فقَد مَلَّكتُكَها (^١) بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٢). ورَواه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِيِّ عن ابنِ أبى حازِمٍ، وقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"اذهَبْ فقَد مَلَّكتُكَها\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عن عارِمٍ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٤). ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن حَمَّادٍ كما:\n\n١٣٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّ امرأةً وهَبتَ نَفسَها للهِ ولِرسولِه. فقالَ: \"مَا لِى فى النِّساءِ حاجَةٌ اليَومَ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن ضُعَفاءِ المُسلِمينَ: زَوِّجْنيها يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقال: \"مَاذا عِندَكَ؟ \". فقالَ: ما عِندِى شَيءٌ. قال: \"أعطِها ثَوبًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: \"أعطِها ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: \"فما عِندَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ؟ \". قال: كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"فقَد زَوَّجْتُكَها بما عِندَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\". هَذا حَديثُ خَلَفٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"مُلِّكتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٥٠٨٧)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٦) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٨٧١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٤٩٣).","vol":"14","page":202},{"text":"الرَّبيعِ: \"فقَد زَوَّجْناكَها\" (^١). ورَواه البخارىُّ عن ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ عن أبى غَسّانَ عن أبى حازِمٍ عن سَهلٍ، قال فى الحديثِ: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمْلَكْناكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ عن أبى غَسّانَ محمدِ بنِ مُطَرِّفٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: قال: \"زَوَّجْتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\".\nفرِوايَةُ الجُمهورِ على لَفظِ التَّزويجِ إلَّا رِوايَةَ الشّاذِّ مِنها، والجَماعَةُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ. واستَدَلَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا فى ذَلِكَ بما رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ فى الحديثِ الثَّابِتِ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصَّةِ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ قال: \"فاتَّقوا اللهَ فى النِّساءِ، فإِنَّكُم أخَذتُموهُنَّ بأَمانَةِ اللهِ واستَحلَلتُم فُروجَهُنَّ بكلِمَةِ اللهِ\" (^٣). قال أصحابُنا: وهِىَ كَلِمَةُ النِّكَاحِ والتَّزويجِ اللَّذَينِ ورَدَ بهِما القُرآنُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3044>بابٌ: لا نِكاحَ لمن لَم يُولَدْ</span>\n\n١٣٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ مِقسَمٍ وهو ابنُ ضَبَّةَ، قال: حَدَّثَتنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى المستخرج (٣٣١٩) من طريق يوسف القاضى به. والطبرانى (٥٩٣٤) من طريق أبى الربيع الزهرانى به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٩٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٢١).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨٨٩٧).","vol":"14","page":203},{"text":"عَمَّتِى سارَةُ بنتُ مِقسَمٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ كَردَمٍ قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ وهو على ناقَةٍ له وأَنا مَعَ أبى وبيَدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- دِرَّةٌ كَدِرَّةِ الكُتّابِ (^١)، فسَمِعتُ الأعرابَ والنَّاسَ يَقولونَ: الطَّبطَبيَّةَ الطَّبطَبيَّةَ (^٢). فدَنا مِنه أبى فأخَذَ بقَدَمِه، وأَقَرَّ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قالَت: فما نَسيتُ طولَ إصبَعِ قَدَمِه السَّبَابَةِ على سائرِ أصابعِه. قالت (^٣): فقالَ له: إنِّى شَهِدتُ جَيشَ عِثرانَ. قالَت: فعَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذَلِكَ الجَيشَ. فقالَ طارِقُ بنُ المُرَقَّعِ: مَن يُعطينى رُمحًا بثَوابِه. قال: فقُلتُ: وما ثَوابُهُ؟ قال: أُزَوِّجُه أوَّلَ ابنَةٍ تَكونُ لِى. قال: فأَعطَيتُه رُمحِى ثُمَّ تَرَكتُه حَتَّى وُلِدَ له ابنَةٌ وبَلَغَت فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ له: جَهِّزْ إلَيَّ أهلِىَ. قال: لا واللهِ لا أُجَهِّزُها حَتَّى تُحدِثَ صَداقًا غَيرَ ذَلِكَ. فحَلَفتُ ألا أفعَلَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وبقَرنِ أيِّ النِّساءِ هِىَ؟ \". قُلتُ: قَد رأتِ القَتيرَ. قال: فنَظَرَ إلَيَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"دَعْها؛ لا خَيرَ لَكَ فيها\". قال: فراعَنى ذَلِكَ، ونَظَرَ إلَيَّ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تأثَمُ ولا يَأْثَمُ\" (^٤). وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ.\n_________\n(^١) الدرة: هى التى يضرب بها، ودرة الكتاب يشبه أن يكون أراد بها التى يضرب بها المعلم صبيانه،\nفكأنه يشير إلى صغرها. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) قال فى عون المعبود ٢/ ١٩٨: قوله الطبطبية. يحتمل وجهين؛ أحدهما أن يكون أراد بها حكاية وقع الأقدام، أى يقولون بأرجلهم: طب طب. والوجه الآخر أن يكون كناية عن الدرة؛ لانها إذا ضُرب بها حَكَت صوت: طب طب. وهى منصوبة على التحذير.\n(^٣) فى النسخ: \"قال\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقه: \"بخطه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٦٤)، وأبو داود (٢١٠٣، ٣٣١٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٥٣).","vol":"14","page":204},{"text":"١٣٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، أنَّ خالَتَه أخبَرَته عن امرأةٍ -قال: هِىَ مُصَدَّقَةٌ، امرأةُ صِدقٍ- قالَت: بَينا أنا فى غَزاةٍ فى الجاهِليَّةِ إذ رَمِضوا (^١)، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: مَن يُعطينى نَعلَيه وأُنكِحُه أوَّلَ بنتٍ تُولَدُ لِى؟ فخَلَعَ أبى نَعلَيه فأَلقاهُما إلَيه، فوُلِدَت له جاريَةٌ فبَلَغَت. ذَكَرَ نَحوَه، لَم يَذكُرْ قِصَّةَ القَتيرِ (^٢). والقَتيرُ: الشَّيبُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3045>بابُ ما جاءَ فى خُطبَةِ النِّكَاحِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٤٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه، قال: عَلَّمَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خُطبَةَ الحاجَةِ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ -أو إنَّ الحَمدَ للهِ- نَستَعينُه ونَستَغفِرُه، ونَعوذُ باللهِ مِن شرورِ أنفُسِنا، مَن يَهدِه اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، وأَشهَدُ أن محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه\". ثُمَّ تَقرأُ الثَّلاثَ آياتٍ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا﴾ [النساء: ١]. ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٠٢]. إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. ثُمَّ تَقرأُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٧٠]. إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) رمضوا: أى وجدوا الحرارة في أقدامهم. عون المعبود ٢/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٠٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤١٨) عن ابن جريجٍ به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٥٤).","vol":"14","page":205},{"text":"تتَكَلَّمُ بحاجَتِكَ. قال شُعبَةُ: قُلتُ لأبِى إسحاقَ: هذه فى خُطبَةِ النِّكاحِ أو فى غَيرِها؟ قال: فى كُلِّ حاجَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ أبو بسطامَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، قال: وأُراه عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كان يقولُ فى تَشَهُّدِ الحاجَةِ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه، لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ شُعبَةَ لأبِى إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٤٢ - ورَواه إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى الأحوَصِ وأَبِى عُبَيدَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ -﵁- قال: عَلَّمَنَا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خُطبَةَ الحاجَةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: [يا أيها الذين آمَنوا اتقوا اللهَ الذى تَسَاءَلُونَ بهِ والأرحامَ إنَّ اللهَ كان عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا] (^٣). ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الآيَتَينِ الآخِرَتَينِ (^٤)، ولَم يَقُلْ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الدعوات الكبير (٤٨٩)، والطيالسى (٣٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢٠)، والنسائى (١٤٠٣) من طريق شعبة به. وقال النسائى: أبو عبيدة لَمْ يسمع من أبيه شيئًا.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". اهـ. قال الطيبى ﵀: ولعله هكذا فى مصحف ابن مسعود رضى الله تعالى عنه، فإن المثبت فى أول سورة النِّساء: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي﴾. بدون: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ ... ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٤) فى م: \"الأخريين\".","vol":"14","page":206},{"text":"[ثمَّ يَتَكَلَّمُ بحاجَتِهِ (^٢)] (^١).\n\n١٣٩٤٣ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ مَوقوفًا. أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال فى خُطبَةِ الحاجَةِ: الحَمدُ للهِ (^٣) نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه ولَم يَرفَعْه (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الأصَمُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه، عن أبى عياضٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا تَشَهَّدَ قال: \"الحَمدُ للهِ نَستَعينُه ونَستَغْفِرُه، ونَعوذُ باللهِ مِن شُرورِ أنفُسِنا، مَن يَهْدِهِ (^٥) اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ له، ومَن يُضْلِلْ فلا هادِىَ له، وأَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، وأَشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أرسلَه بالحَقِّ بَشيرًا ونَذيرًا بَينَ يَدَىِ السَّاعَةِ، مَن يُطِعِ اللهَ ورسولَه فقَد رَشَدَ، ومَن يَعصهِما فإِنَّه لا يَضُرُّ إلَّا نَفسَه،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"ثم تتكلم بحاجتك\". والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٤١١٦)، وأبو داود (٢١١٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٣٢٧) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بحاجتك\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"الذى\"، وبعده فى ص ٧: \"الذى بشر بمحمد\". وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"ليس فى أصل المؤلف: الذى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤١١٥)، وأبو داود (٢١١٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"يهد\".","vol":"14","page":207},{"text":"ولا يَضُرُّ اللهَ شَيئًا\" (^١).\n\n١٣٩٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ ابنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا حُرَيثٌ، عن واصِلٍ الأحدَبِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُعَلِّمُنا التَّشَهُّدَ والخُطبَةَ كما يُعَلِّمُنا السّورَةَ مِنَ القُرآنِ؛ التَّحيِّاتُ للهِ، والصَّلَواتُ والطَّيِّباتُ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أيُّها النَّبِيُّ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ وبَرَكاتُه، السَّلامُ عَلَينا وعَلَى عِبادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحينَ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ، وأشهَدُ أنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه. والخُطبَةُ: الحَمدُ للهِ نَحمَدُه ونَستَعينُه ونَستَغفِرُه، أشهَدُ (^٢) أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، و(^٣) أَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا﴾ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا (٧٠) يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا﴾ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3046>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلوَلىِّ مِنَ الخُطبَةِ والكَلامِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٥٨٦٩).\n(^٢) فى س، وحاشية الأصل: \"وأشهد\"، وفى م: \"نشهد\".\n(^٣) بعده فى ص ٧: \"أشهد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن منده فى التوحيد (٢٦٨) من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان به. وعنده: حارث. بدلًا من: حريث. والطبرانى (٩٩٠٦) من طريق عيد الله بن موسى به. وعندهما مختصرًا.","vol":"14","page":208},{"text":"مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنِى مَن سَمِعَ أبا بكرِ ابنَ حَفصٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، قال: لَحِقتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فخَطَبتُ إلَيه ابنَتَه، فقالَ لِىَ: ابنَ أبى عبدِ اللهِ! إنَّ ابنَ أبى عبدِ اللهِ لأهلٌ أن يُنكَحَ، نَحمَدُ رَبَّنا ونُصَلِّى على نَبيِّنا، وقَد أنكَحناكَ على ما أمَرَ اللهُ به؛ إمساكٌ بمَعروفٍ أو تَسريحٌ بإِحسانٍ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا أنكَحَ قال: أُنكِحُكَ على ما أمَرَ [اللهُ، على] (^٢) إمساكٍ بمَعروفٍ أو تَسريحٍ بإِحسانٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3047>بابُ مَن لَمْ يَزِدْ على عَقدِ النِّكَاحِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى المَروَزِىُّ أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمٌ هو ابنُ علىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حازِمٍ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ، قال: كُنَّا عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فجاءَته امرأةٌ تَعرِضُ نَفسَها عَلَيه، فخَفَّضَ فيها النَّظَرَ (^٤) ورَفَعَه فلَم يُرِدْها. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِه: زَوِّجْنيها يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"هَل عِندَكَ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: ما عِنْدِى شَيءٌ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"ولا خاتَمٌ مِن حَديدٍ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٨٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٨٥) من طريق أبى بكر ابن حفص به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الله به\".\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٢٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣٩. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦٨٧) عن سفيان به، وليس عنده: ابن أبى مليكة.\n(^٤) فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"البصر\".","vol":"14","page":209},{"text":"قال: ولا خاتَمٌ مِن حَديدٍ، ولَكِن أشُقُّ بُردَتِي هذه فأُعطيها النِّصفَ وآخُذُ النِّصفَ. قال: \"لا، ولَكِن هَل مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيءٌ\". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"اذهَبْ فقَد زَوَّجْتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ ابنِ المِقدامِ عن فُضَيلِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ يَعنى الحُسَينَ بنَ علىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بُندارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا بَدَلٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ سَلمٍ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ عيسَى الزَّجّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا بَدَلٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ، قال: خَطَبتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أُمامَةَ بنتَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فأَنكَحَنِى مِن غَيرِ أن يَتَشَهَّدَ. وقالَ ابنُ سَلمٍ فى حَديثِه: عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ أنَّه خَطَبَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أُمامَةَ بنتَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ. قال: فأَنكَحَنِى مِن غَيرِ أن يَتَشَهَّدَ يَعنى الخُطبَةَ (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"التاريخ\" عن بُندارٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن العَلاءِ ابنِ أخِى شُعَيبٍ الوَزَّانِ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ عن بُندارٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٩٣٢ - ١٣٩٣٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٣٢).\n(^٣) فى س: \"سليم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٤٢٨) عن بندار به. وعنده: عن العلاء ابن أخى شعيب الرازى. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٦٠).\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤٣، ٣٤٤، وأبو داود (٢١٢٠). وعند أبى داود: الرازى. مكان: الوزان. وهو غير منسوب فى التاريخ الكبير. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ١٥٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٥٤٦.","vol":"14","page":210},{"text":"١٣٩٥٠ - وقَد قيلَ: عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ شَيبانَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه: خَطَبتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- عَمَّتَه فأَنكَحَنِى ولَم يَتَشَهَّدْ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِيُّ المشّاطُ، أخبَرَناه إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا البخارىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ السَّدوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ (^١). فذَكَرَه. وقَد قيلَ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3048>بابُ الاستِخارَةِ فى الخِطبَةِ وغَيِرها</span>\nقَد مَضى حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فى الاستِخارَةِ فى آخِرِ كِتابِ الحَجِّ وفِى كِتابِ الصلاةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أنَّ الوَليدَ بنَ أبى (^٣) الوَليدِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ أيّوبَ بنَ خالِدِ بنِ أبى أيُّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اكتُمِ الخِطبَةَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأْ فأَحسِنْ وُضوءَكَ، ثُمَّ صَلِّ ما كَتَبَ اللهُ لَكَ، ثُمَّ احمَدْ رَبَّكَ ومَجِّدْه، ثُمَّ قُل: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ تَقدِرُ ولا أقدِرُ، وتَعلَمُ ولا أعلَمُ، وأَنتَ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٤٩٨٤، ١٠٣٩٧).\n(^٣) ليس فى: ص ٧. وهو كذلك عند أحمد، وقال المزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٠٧: وقال بعضهم: الوليد بن الوليد.","vol":"14","page":211},{"text":"عَلَّامُ الغُيوبِ، إن (^١) رأيتَ لِى فُلانَةَ -ويُسَمِّيها باسمِها- خَيرًا لِى فى دينِى ودُنياىَ وآخِرَتِى فاقدُرْها لِي، وإِن كان غَيرُها خَيرًا لِى فى دينِى ودُنياىَ وآخِرَتِى فاقدُرْها لِى\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3049>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا نَكَحَ امراةً ودَخَلَ عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٣٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أفادَ أحَدُكُمُ امرأةً أو خادِمًا أو دابَّةً فليأخُذْ بناصِيَتِهَا وليُسَمِّ اللهَ ﷿ وليَقُل: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أسأَلُكَ خَيرَها وخَيرَ ما جُبِلَت عَلَيه، وأَعوذُ بكَ مِن شَرِّها وشَرِّ ما جُبِلَت عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ\nيَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الشَّهيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى\nابنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَجلانَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فليأخُذْ بناصِيَتِهَا\nوليَدْعُ بالبَرَكَةِ وليقُلْ\". فذَكَرَه وزادَ: \"وإِن كان بَعيرًا فليأخُذْ بذِروَةِ سَنامِه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فإذا\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٦٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٢٢٠)، وعنه ابن حبان (٤٠٤٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. قال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٢٣: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الدعوات الكبير (٩٤٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجة (١٩١٨)، وابن السنى فى عمل اليوم\nوالليلة (٦٠٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح ابن ماجة (١٥٥٧).\n(^٤) المصنّف فى الدعوات الكبير (٤٩٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦. وأخرجه البخاري فى خلق أفعال =","vol":"14","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3050>بابُ ما يُقالُ لِلمُتَزَوِّجِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- رأى على عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أَثَرَ صُفرَةٍ فقالَ: \"ما هَذا يا أبا محمدٍ؟ \". قال: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ. قال: \"بارَكَ اللهُ لَكَ، أولِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَردِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَوَّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا رَفّأَ الإنسانَ إذا تَزَوَّجَ قال: \"بارَكَ اللهُ لَكَ، وبارَكَ عَلَيكَ، وجَمَعَ بَينَكُما فى خَيرٍ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ\n_________\n= العباد (١٥٣) عن مسدد به. والنسائي فى الكبرى (١٠٠٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو داود (٢١٦٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٢٥٢) من طريق ابن عجلان به.\n(^١) المصنّف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٢١٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٧٠)، والترمذى (١٠٩٤)، والنسائي (٣٣٧٢)، وابن ماجة (١٩٠٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٧٦، ١٤٦١٣، ١٤٦١٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٥٥، ٦٣٨٦)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٧٩).","vol":"14","page":213},{"text":"المُقرِئِ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إذا تَزَوَّج رَجُلٌ فرَفّأَه قال. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٣٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ حَبَّانَ التَّمَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: قَدِمَ عَقيلُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ البَصرَةَ فتَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِن بَنى جُشَمَ فقالوا له: بالرِّفَاءِ والبَنينَ. فقالَ: لا تَقولوا كَذَلِكَ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ وأمَرَنا أن نَقولَ: \"بارَكَ اللهُ لَكَ، وبارَكَ عَلَيكَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3051>بابُ ما تَقولُ النِّسوَةُ لِلعَروسِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ خَليلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَنا ابنَةُ سِتِّ سِنينَ، فقَدِمْنا المَدينَةَ فنَزَلْنا فى بَنى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ، فوُعِكتُ فتَمَرَّقَ (^٣) شَعَرِى فأَوفَى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٥٧)، وأبو داود (٢١٣٠)، والترمذى (١٠٩١) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجة (١٩٠٥)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (١٠٠٨٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٥٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٦٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٢١٩) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٧٣٩) من طريق يونس به. والنسائي (٣٣٧١)، وابن ماجة (١٩٠٦) من طريق الحسن به. وعندهم جميعًا عدا الدارميُّ بصيغة الجمع.\nوصححه الألباني فى صحيح ابن ماجة (١٥٤٧).\n(^٣) فى س: \"فتمزق\". وتمرق شعرى: أى انتتف وتقطع. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٧٧.","vol":"14","page":214},{"text":"جُمَيمَةً (^١) فأَتَتنِى أُمِّى أُمُّ رُومانَ وإِنِّى لَفِى أُرجوحَةٍ ومَعِى صَواحِباتٌ لِي، فصرَخَت بى فأَتَيتُها وما أدرِى ما تُريدُ بي، فأَخَذَت بيَدِى حَتَّى وقَفَتنِى على بابِ الدّارِ وإِنِّى لأنهَجُ حَتَّى سَكَنَ بَعضُ نَفَسِي، ثُمَّ أخَذَت شَيئًا مِن ماءٍ فمَسَحَت به وجهِى ورأسِي، ثُمَّ أدخَلَتنِى الدَّارَ، فإِذا نِسوَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فى بَيتٍ فقُلنَ: على الخَيرِ والبَرَكَةِ وعَلَى خَيرِ طائرٍ. فأَسلَمَتنِى إلَيهِنَّ فأَصلَحنَ مِن شأنِى فلَم يَرُعْنِى إلَّا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ضُحًى، فأَسلَمنَنِى إلَيه وأَنا يَومَئذٍ بنتُ تِسعِ سِنينَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن فروَةَ بنِ أبى المَغراءِ عن عليِّ ابنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3052>بابُ ما يقولُ الرَّجُلُ إذا أرادَ أن يأتِىَ أهلَهُ</span>\n\n١٣٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، حَدَّثَنِي سالِمُ بنُ أبى الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أمَا إنَّ أحَدَكُم إذا أرادَ أن يأتِىَ أهلَه قال: باسمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنِى الشَّيطانَ وجَنِّبِ الشَّيطانَ ما رَزَقتَنا. ثُمَّ رُزِقَ أو قُضِىَ ما (^٤) بَينَهُما ولَدٌ لَم يَضُرَّه\n_________\n(^١) جميمة: مصغر الجُمَّة، وهى مجتمَع شعر الناصية. فتح البارى ٧/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٣٠٧)، وأبو عوانة (٤٢٦٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن الخليل به. وابن ماجة (١٨٧٦) من طريق ابن مسهر به. وتقدم فى (١٣٧٧٥)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٥٨٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٩٤، ٥١٥٦).\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"14","page":215},{"text":"الشَّيطانُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن هَمَّامٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٩٨٣) من طريق همام به. وأحمد (١٨٦٧، ١٩٠٨)، وأبو داود (٢١٦١)، وابن ماجة (١٩١٩)، والترمذى (١٠٩٢) من طرق عن منصور به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٢٧١).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٤١، ٣٢٨٣، ٥١٦٥، ٦٣٨٨، ٧٣٩٦)، ومسلم (١٤٣٤).","vol":"14","page":216},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3053>جماعُ أبوابِ ما يَحِلُّ مِنَ الحَرائرِ، ولا يَتَسَرَّى العَبدُ، وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3054>بابُ عَدَدِ ما يَحِلُّ مِنَ الحَرائرِ والإِماءِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٠]. وقالَ: ﴿فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٣]. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: فأطلَقَ اللهُ ما مَلَكَتِ الأيمانُ، فلَم يَحُدَّ فيهِنَّ حَدًّا يُنتَهَى إلَيه، وانتَهَى ما أحَلَّ اللهُ بالنِّكاح إلَى أربَعٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُذكَرُ عن عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ أنَّه قال فى قَولِه: ﴿مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ﴾. يَعنِى مَثنَى أو ثُلاثَ أو رُباعَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ودَلَّت سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- المُبَيِّنَةُ عن اللهِ على أنَّ انتِهاءَه إلَى أربَعٍ تَحريمًا مِنه لأن يَجمَعَ أحَدٌ غَيرَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بَينَ أكثَرَ مِن أربَعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٥٩ - فذَكَرَ ما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٤٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري قبل (٥٠٩٨) تعليقًا. وينظر تغليق التعليق ٤/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٤٥.","vol":"14","page":217},{"text":"عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه -﵁- أنَّه حَدَّثَه، أنَّ (^١) رَجُلًا كان يُقالُ له: غَيلانُ بنُ سلمةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ. كان تَحتَه فى الجاهِليَّةِ عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، فاسلَمَ وأَسلَمنَ مَعَه فأَمَرَه نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَتَخَيَّرَ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٦٠ - [أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَمِيرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ (ح) و] (^٣) أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن حُمَيضَةَ بنِ الشَّمَردَلِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسِ ابنِ عَميرَةَ -﵁- قال: أسلَمتُ وعِندِى ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اختَرْ مِنْهُنَّ أربَعًا\" (^٤). [لَفْظُ مُسَدَّدٍ] (^٥).\nوسائرُ الأحاديثِ التى ذُكِرَت (^٦) فى هَذا البابِ مَذكورَةٌ فى بابِ الرَّجُلِ يُسلِمُ وعِندَه أكثَرُ مِن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ (^٧).\n\n١٣٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"أنه رأى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٥٨)، والترمذى (١١٢٨) من طريق سعيد به. وابن ماجة (١٩٥٣) من طريق معمر به. وسيأتى فى (١٤١٥٨). وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٢٥: تابعه غندر عن معمر.\n(^٣) أشار فى حاشية الأصل أنه ضرب عليه فى أصل المؤلف.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢٤١). وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩٦٠). وسيأتى فى (١٤١٦٧)\n(^٥) ليس فى: الأصل، ص ٧.\n(^٦) فى س، وحاشية الأصل: \"رويت\".\n(^٧) سيأتى فى (١٤١٥٨ - ١٤١٧٧).","vol":"14","page":218},{"text":"مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ حَدَّثَه عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى﴾. قال: كانوا فى الجاهِليَّةِ يَنكِحونَ عَشرًا مِنَ النِّساءِ الأيامَي، وكانوا يُعَظِّمونَ شأنَ اليَتيمِ، فتَفَقَّدوا [مِن دينِهِم شأنَ] (^١) اليَتامَي، وتَرَكوا ما كانوا يَنكِحونَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ﴾ ونَهاهُم عَمَّا كانوا يَنكِحونَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁-: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]. قال: لا يَحِلُّ لمسلِمٍ أن يَتَزَوَّجَ فوقَ أربَعٍ، فإِن فعَلَ فهِىَ عَلَيه مِثلُ أُمِّه أو (^٣) أُختِهِ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلْمانِيِّ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾. قال: أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ. وكَذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"أمر دينهم بشأن\"، وفى ص ٧: \"من شأن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٣٦٥، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٣/ ٨٥٩ (٤٧٥٦) من طريق\nعبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٧٥ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وعبد بن حميد فى تفسيره - كما فى تغليق التعليق ٤/ ٤٠٠ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٤٨، ١٧٠٥٨)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٦/ ٥٦٩، وتفسير ابن أبى =","vol":"14","page":219},{"text":"١٣٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ زَينَبَ، أنَّ أُمَّ سعيدٍ أُمَّ ولَدِ عليٍّ -﵁- حَدَّثَتها [قالَت: كُنتُ أَصُبُّ على عليٍّ -﵁- الماءَ وهو يَتَوَضَّأُ، فقالَ: يا أُمَّ سعيدٍ، قَدِ اشتَقتُ أن أكونَ عَروسًا (^١). قالَت: فقُلتُ: ويحَكَ! ما يَمنَعُكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: أبَعدَ أربَعٍ؟ قالَت: فقُلتُ: تُطَلِّقُ واحِدَةً مِنهُنَّ وتَزَوَّجُ أُخرَى. قال: إنَّ الطَّلاقَ قَبيحٌ أكرَهُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3055>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ أربَعَ نِسوَةٍ له طَلاقًا بائنًا حَلَّ له أن يَنكِحَ مَكانَهُنَّ أربَعًا</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لأنَّه لا زَوجَ له ولا عِدَّةَ عَلَيه. واحتَجَّ على انقِطاعِ الزَّوْجيَّةِ بانقِطاعِ أحكامِها مِنَ الإِيلاءِ والظِّهارِ واللِّعانِ والميراثِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ. قال: وهو قَولُ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وعُروَةَ وأَكثَرِ أهلِ دارِ السُّنَّةِ وحَرَمِ اللهِ ﷿ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n= حاتم (٥١١٧).\n(^١) ليس فى: ص ٧. وكتب أمامه فى حاشية الأصل: \"المضروب عليه ... \".\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٢٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٤٨٣) من طريق سلام بن القاسم عن أمه عن أم سعيد به. قال ابن أبي حاتم فى بيان خطأ البخارى ص ٤١: سلام بن القاسم ... وإنما هو سليمان بن القاسم. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٣٤، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٣٧، ٢٦٢.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٤٦.","vol":"14","page":220},{"text":"المِهرَجانِيُّ (^١)، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ والقاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ كانا يَقولانِ فى الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عِندَه أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ، فَطَلَّقَ (^٢) إحداهُنَّ البَتَّةَ: إِنَّه يَتَزَوَّجُ إذا شاءَ ولا يَنتَظِرُ حَتَّى تَمضِىَ عِدَّتُها (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المعروفِ الفَقيهُ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ الرَّازِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، فى رَجُلٍ كانَت تَحتَه أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ فطَلَّقَ واحِدَةً مِنهُنَّ، قال: إن شاءَ تَزَوَّجَ الخامِسَةَ فى العِدَّةِ. قال: وكَذَلِكَ قال فى الأُختَينِ (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ فيمَن بَتَّ طَلاقَها بنَحوِه. ورُوِّيناه عن الحَسَنِ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وبَكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ وخِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"الجرجاني\". وتقدم فى (٨).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"فيطلق\".\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٤٨، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٥/ ١٤٦، وابن أبي شيبة (١٦٩٠١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٩٠٩) من طريق قتادة به بذكر قوله فى الأختين فقط.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٥٦١، ١٠٥٦٢، ١٠٥٦٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٨٩٤،\n١٦٩٠٩).","vol":"14","page":221},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3056>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ بجاريَةِ أُمِّه أو بجاريَةِ أبيه وأنَّها لا تَحِلُّ بالإِحلالِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنِ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّ أُمِّى أحَلَّت لِى جاريَتَها. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁-: إنَّها لا تَحِلُّ لَكَ إلَّا بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ هِبَةٍ بَتَّةً أو شِرًى أو نِكاحٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3057>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَسَرِّى العَبدِ</span>\n\n١٣٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان عَبيدُ بنِ عُمَرَ يَتَسَرَّونَ فلا يَعيبُ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان يقولُ: لا يَطأُ الرَّجُلُ وليدَةً إلَّا وليدَةً إن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٤٤٥) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٨٤٨) من طريق أبى\nإسحاق به.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٣٠).","vol":"14","page":222},{"text":"شاءَ باعَها، وإِن شاءَ وهَبَها، وإِن شاءَ صَنَعَ بها ما شاءَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد مَنَعَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ العَبدَ مِنَ التَّسَرِّى فى الجَديدِ، وعارَضَ الأثَرَ الأوَّلَ بهَذا. وهَذا إنَّما قالَه ابنُ عُمَرَ فى الحُرِّ إذا اشتَرَى وليدَةً بشَرطٍ فاسِدٍ:\n\n١٣٩٦٩ - فقَد رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أن يَطأَ فرجًا إلَّا فرجًا إن شاءَ وهَبَه، وإِن شاءَ باعَه، وإِن شاءَ أعتَقَه، لَيسَ فيه شَرطٌ. أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ قال: زَوَّجَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- عبدًا له وليدَةً له فطَلَّقَها، فقالَ: ارجِعْ. فأَبَى. قال: فقالَ: هِىَ لَكَ طأْها بمِلكِ يَمينِكَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فى الجَديدِ: وابنُ عباسٍ إنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لِعَبدٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه، فقالَ: لَيسَ لَكَ طَلاقٌ. وأَمَرَه أن يُمسِكَها فأَبَي، فقالَ: فهِىَ لَكَ فاستَحَلَّها بمِلكِ اليَمينِ. يُريدُ (^٣): أنَّها له حَلالٌ بالنِّكَاحِ ولاطَلاقَ لَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٩٣٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٩٣٤).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"له\".\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لك\"، وينظر الأم ٥/ ٤٤.","vol":"14","page":223},{"text":"١٣٩٧١ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: هو كما قال، فقَد رَوَى عَطاءٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: الأمرُ إلَى المَولَي، أذِنَ له أو لَم يأذَنْ له. ويَتلو هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ﴾ [النحل: ٧٥]. أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى حَديثِ أبى مَعبَدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٣٩٧٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ، أنَّ غُلامًا لابنِ عباسٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَتَينِ، فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: ارجِعْها. فأَبَي، قال: هِىَ لَكَ، استَحِلَّها بمِلكِ اليَمينِ (^٢).\nفى هَذا دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه إنَّما أمَرَ بالرُّجوعِ إلَيها بَعدَ تَطليقَتَينِ ولا رَجعَةَ لِلعَبدِ بَعدَهُما، فكأَنَّه اعتَقَدَ أنَّ الطَّلاقَ لَم يَقَعْ حَيثُ لَم يأذَنْ فيه، فحينَ أبى قال: هِىَ لَكَ، استَحِلَّها بمِلكِ اليَمينِ. ومَذهَبُ الجَماعَةِ على صِحَّةِ طَلاقِه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إنَّما أحَلَّ اللهُ التَسَرِّىَ لِلمالِكينَ، ولا يَكونُ العَبدُ مالكًا بحالٍ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٠). ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٣٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٨٠٦).","vol":"14","page":224},{"text":"شَيْءٍ﴾ (^١). وذَكَرَ ما رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ البُيوعِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن باعَ عبدًا له مالٌ فمالُه لِلبائع إلَّا أن يَشتَرِطَ المُبتاعُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3058>بابُ نِكَاحِ المُحدِثَيِن، وما جاءَ فى قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [النور: ٣]\n\n١٣٩٧٣ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ ومُسَدَّدٌ، واللَّفظُ لِعَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، أنَّ امرأةً كان يُقالُ لَها: أُمُّ مَهزولٍ. وكانَت تكونُ بأَجْيادٍ (^٣)، وكانَت مُسافِحَةً، كانَت يَتَزَوَّجُها الرَّجُلُ وتَشتَرِطُ له أن تَكفيَه النَّفَقَةَ، فسألَ رَجُلٌ عَنها النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أيَتَزَوَّجُها؟ فقَرأَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أو أُنزِلَت عَلَيه هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً﴾ الآيَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٧٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٤٣.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٨٦٢، ١٢٣٦٤).\n(^٣) أجياد: شِعْبانِ بمكة يسمى أحدهما أجياد الكبير، والآخر أجياد الصغير، وهما اليوم حَيَّان من أحياء مكة. المعالم الجغرافية الواردة فى السيرة النبوية ص ١٨، ١٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٤٨٠)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (١١٣٥٩) من طريق معتمر به.","vol":"14","page":225},{"text":"عُبَيدُ بنُ عَبيدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ امرأةً كانَت تُسَمَّى أُمَّ مَهزولٍ، وأَنَّها كانَت تَزَوَّجُ (^١) الرَّجُلَ على أن يأذَنَ لَها فى السِّفاحِ وتَكفِيَه النَّفَقَةَ، فاستأذَنَ بعضُهم النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أن يَتَزَوَّجَها. قال: فقَرأَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- هذه الآيَةَ إلَى آخِرِها.\n\n١٣٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أَبُو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: مَرثَدُ بنُ أبى مَرثَدٍ وكانَ رَجُلًا يَحمِلُ الأسرَى مِن مَكَّةَ حَتَّى يأتِي بهِم المَدينَةَ، قال: وكانَ بمَكَّةَ بَغِىٌّ يُقالُ لَها: عَناقُ. وكانَت صديقَتَه، وأَنَّه وعَدَ رَجُلًا يَحمِلُه مِن أسرَى مَكَّةَ. قال: فجِئتُ حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلَى ظِلِّ حائطٍ مِن حَوائطِ مَكَّةَ فى لَيلَةٍ مُقمِرَةٍ. قال: فجاءَت عَناقُ فأَبصَرَت سَوادَ ظِلِّى بجَنبِ الحائطِ، فلَمَّا انتَهَت إلَيَّ عَرَفتْ قالَت: مَرثَدٌ؟ قُلتُ: مَرثَدٌ. قالَت: هَل لَكَ أن تَبيتَ عِندَنا اللَّيلَةَ؟. قُلتُ: يا عَناقُ قَد حَرَّمَ اللهُ الزِّنى. قالَت: يا أهلَ الخيامِ، هَذا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى يَحمِلُ أسراكُم. فاتَّبَعَنِى ثَمانيَةٌ، وسَلَكتُ الخَنْدَمَةَ (^٢) فانتَهَيتُ إلَى كَهفٍ أو غارٍ فدَخَلتُه، فجاءوا [حَتَّى جازوا] (^٣) على رأسِى فبالوا، فظَلَّ بَولُهُم على رأسِي، وعَماهُمُ (^٤) اللهُ حَتَّى رَجَعوا ورَجَعتُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م:. \"تتزوج\".\n(^٢) الخندمة: هى جبال مكة الشرقية. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ١١٥، ١١٦.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حتى جاءوا\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"أعماهم\".","vol":"14","page":226},{"text":"إلَى صاحِبِى فحَمَلتُه وكان رَجُلًا ثَقيلًا حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلَى الإِذخِرِ ففَكَكتُ عنه كَبْلَه، فجَعَلتُ أحمِلُه ويُعْيينِى (^١) حَتَّى قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنكِحُ عَناقًا؟ فأَمسَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فلَم يَرُدَّ علىَّ شَيئًا حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه السُّورَةُ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مَرثَدُ، الزَّانِى لا يَنكِحُ إلَّا زانيَةً أو مُشرِكَةً، والزّانيَةُ لا يَنكِحُها إلَّا زانٍ أو مُشرِكٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا (^٣) قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: كُنَّ بَغايا مُتَعَلِّناتٍ أو مُعلِناتٍ فى الجاهِليَّةِ: بَغِيُّ آلِ فُلانٍ، وبَغِيُّ آلِ فُلانٍ، فقالَ اللهُ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾. قال: فأَحكَمَ اللهُ مِن ذَلِكَ أمرَ الجاهِليَّة بالإِسلامِ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقيلَ لِعَطاءٍ: أبَلَغَكَ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"ويعيننى\". وفى تحفة الأحوذى ٤/ ١٥٣: \"ويعيينى\". من الإعياء، أى: يُكلُّنى.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (٣١٧٧) من طريق روح به، وقال: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلَّا من هذا الوجه.\nوأبو داود (٢٠٥١)، والنسائي (٣٢٢٨) من طريق عبيد الله به. وقال الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٠٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) بعده فى س: \"أخبرنا عبد الوهاب بن عطاء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٤٦، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ١٥٤، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٢٤ من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.","vol":"14","page":227},{"text":"١٣٩٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدٌ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه قال فى هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾. قال: كُنَّ بَغايا فى المَدينَةِ مَعلومٌ شأنُهُنَّ، فحَرَّمَ اللهُ نِكاحَهُنَّ على المُؤمِنينِ وهو قَولُ قَتادَةَ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: هُمْ رِجالٌ كانوا يُريدونَ نِكاحَ نِساءٍ زَوانٍ بَغايا مُتَعالِناتٍ كُنَّ كَذَلِكَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فقيلَ لَهُم: هَذا حَرامٌ. فنَزَلَت فيهِم هذه الآيَةُ، فحَرَّمَ اللهُ نِكَاحَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ أبى يَزيدَ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عباسٍ عن (^٣): ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾. قال: ذَلِكَ حُكمٌ بَينَهُما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ١٧/ ١٥٦.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"نكاحهن\".\nوالأثر فى تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٨٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٩٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ١٥٣، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٢٤ من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"﵄ عن قول الله تعالى\".\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"فذكره\". والأثر أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٢٤ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":228},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ورُوِىَ عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّه قال: الزَّانِي لا [يَزنِى إلَّا بزانيَةٍ] (^١) أو مُشرِكَةٍ، والزَّانيَةُ لا [يَزْنِى بها] (^٢) إلَّا زانٍ أو مُشرِكٌ. يَذهَبُ إلَى أنَّ قَولَه: ﴿يَنْكِحُ﴾ يُصيبُ (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٨٠ - أخبَرَناه الإمامُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّيبُلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ فى قَولِه: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾. قال: لا يَزنِى إلَّا بزانيَةٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ هَذا المَعنَى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٣٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الثَّورِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ ابنُ يَحيَى وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ حَسَّانَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى عَمْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً﴾. قال: أما إنَّه لَيسَ بالنِّكَاحِ ولَكِنَّه الجِماعُ، لا يَزنِى بها إلَّا زانٍ أو مُشرِكٌ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، وفى رِوايَةِ الفَقيهِ: ولَكِن لا يُجامِعُها إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ينكح إلَّا زانية\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"ينكحها\".\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٣٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٧٦) من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٢٥ من طريق ابن شبرمة به.","vol":"14","page":229},{"text":"زانٍ أو مُشرِكٍ (^١)\nورَواه عليُّ بنُ أبى طَلحَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بمَعناه قال: ﴿وَحُرِّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [النور: ٣]. أى: وحُرِّمَ الزِّنى على المُؤمِنينَ (^٢). وبِمَعناه رُوِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ ومُجاهِدٍ والضَّحَّاكِ (^٣) قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: والَّذِى يُشبِهُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ، ما قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ المسَيِّبِ فى قَولِه: ﴿الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً﴾. الآيَة. قال: هِىَ مَنسوخَةٌ نَسَخَتها ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٢]. فهِىَ مِن أيامَى المُسلِمينَ (^٥).\n\n١٣٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجَّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥١، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٢١، ٢٥٢٢ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ١٥٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٨/ ٢٥٢٢، ٢٥٢٥، والنحاس فى ناسخه ص ٥٨٣.\n(^٣) ينظر تفسير ابن أبى حاتم ٨/ ٢٥٢٥، ٢٥٢٧.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٤٨.\n(^٥) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٣٨)، والصغرى (٢٤٢٢)، وفيه: عن أبى زكريا وحده، والشافعى\n٥/ ١٤٨. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٦٢) عن سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":230},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ فى قَولِه: ﴿فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٢٥]. قال: يُذنِبُ ثُمَّ يَتوبُ، ثُمَّ يُذنِبُ ثُمَّ يَتوبُ. قال: وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: ﴿وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ﴾. قال: نَسَخَتها: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ﴾.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3059>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على قَصرِ الآيَةِ على ما نَزَلَت فيه أو نَسخِها </span>(^١)\n\n١٣٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خالِدٍ يَزيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمّادٍ العُقَيليُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُمَرَ الضَّريرُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ أبى المُخارِقِ وهارونُ بنُ رِئابٍ الأسَدِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ ابنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثىِّ، قال حَمّادٌ: قال أحَدُهُما: عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عِندِى بنتَ عَمٍّ لى جَميلَةً، وإِنَّها لا تَرُدُّ يَدَ لامِسٍ. قال: \"طَلِّقْها\". قال: لا أصبِرُ عَنها. قال: \"فأَمسِكْها إذن\" (^٢). ورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن هارونَ بنِ رِئابٍ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n١٣٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"نسختها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٢٢٩) من طريق حماد وغيره به، وفيه: عبد الكريم يرفعه إلى ابن عباس، وهارون لم يرفعه. وأخرجه النسائى أيضًا (٣٤٦٥) من طريق حماد عن هارون وحده به مرفوعًا. وقال عقبه: هذا خطأ والصواب مرسل. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٣٠: وهارون أثبت من عبد الكريم، وهارون أرسله.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى فى الأم ٥/ ١٢ عن سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":231},{"text":"أبو داودَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ المَروَزِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ الوَزّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحُرَيثِ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ أبى حَفصَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتى لا تَمنَعُ يَدَ لامِسٍ. قال: \"غَرِّبْها (^١) \". قال: أخافُ أن تَتبَعَها نَفسِى. قال: \"فاستَمتِعْ بها إذن\". لَيسَ فى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: \"إذَنْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّورِيُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن مَولًى لِبَنى هاشِمٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِى لا تَمنَعُ (^٣) يَدَ لامِسٍ. قال: \"طَلِّقْها\". قال: إنَّها تُعجِبُنى. قال: \"تَمَتَّعْ بها\" (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ الصّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شَيخٍ الحَرّانِىُّ: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَروانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أى: أبعدها. يريد الطلاق، وأصل الغرب: البعد. معالم السنن ٣/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٤٩). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٦٤) عن الحسين بن حريث به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٠٤).\n(^٣) فى س: \"ترد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى العلل (١٣٠٤) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأبو الشيخ فى أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر (٣٤) من طريق الثورى به. وجاء فيه: عن مولى النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- لبنى هاشم.","vol":"14","page":232},{"text":"مالكٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى امرأةً وهِىَ لا تَدفَعُ يَدَ لامِسٍ. قال: \"طَلِّقْها\". قال: إنِّى أُحِبُّها وهِىَ جَميلَةٌ قال: \"فاستَمتِعْ بها\" (^١).\nوهَكَذا رُوِىَ عن مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ -﵄-:\n\n١٣٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الصَّلتِ (^٢) أبو يَعلَى التَّوَّزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَه فقالَ إنَّ لِى امرأةً لا تَمنَعُ يَدَ لامِسٍ. قال: \"فارِقْها\". قالَ: إنِّى لا أصبِرُ عَنها. قال: \"فاستَمتِعْ بها\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى الوَزيرِ عن حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ [وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا] (^٥): حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ، عن أبيه (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٧٠٧، ٦٤١٠)، والبغوى فى تفسيره ٦/ ١٠ من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الصامت\".\n(^٣) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٤٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٤٥ من طريق إبراهيم بن المدبر عن حفص به. وقال الذهبى ٥/ ٢٧٣٠: إسناده صالح.\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"فى أصل الشيخ المؤلف بخطه، وقد ضبب عليه، وضرب فى أصله: وأبو\nبكر ابن الحسن قالا. وكتب فوقه بخطه: قال\".\n(^٦) فى س: \"أمه\".","vol":"14","page":233},{"text":"أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ولَها ابنَةٌ مِن غَيرِه ولَه ابنٌ مِن غَيرِها، ففَجَرَ الغُلامُ بالجاريَةِ فظَهَرَ بها حَبَلٌ، فلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ -﵁- مَكَةَ رُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَيه، فسألَهُما فاعتَرَفا، فجَلَدَهُما عُمَرُ الحَدَّ، وحَرَصَ أن يَجمَعَ بَينَهُما فأَبَى الغُلامُ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٍ (^٢)، أخبرَنا الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أنَّ جاريَةً فجَرَت فأُقيمَ عَلَيها الحَدُّ، ثُمَّ إنَّهُم أقبَلوا مُهاجِرينَ فتابَتِ الجاريَةُ وحَسُنَت تَوبَتُها وحالُها، فكانَت تُخطَبُ إلَى عَمِّها فيَكرَهُ أن يُزَوِّجَها حَتَّى يُخبِرَ ما كان مِن أمَرِها، وجَعَلَ يَكرَهُ أن يُفشِىَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فذَكَرَ أمرَها لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقالَ له: زَوِّجْها كما تُزَوِّجوا صالِحِى فتَياتِكُم (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا عن أبى بكرٍ الصَّدِّيقِ -﵁- فى رَجُلٍ بِكْرٍ اقْتَضَّ (^٤) امرأةً واعتَرَفا فجَلَدَهُما مِائَةً مِائَةً، ثُمَّ زَوَّجَ أحَدَهُما مِنَ الآخَرِ مَكانَه (^٥) ونَفاهُما سنةً (^٦).\n\n١٣٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٤١)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٢٩) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"هشام\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٦٦). وأخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٤٨٢) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"افتض\". وهما بمعنى: افتراع البكر وافتضاض عذرتها وكسر خاتم الله الذى خلقها\nعليه. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٠، ١٨٩.\n(^٥) فى س: \"مكانهما\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٣٢.","vol":"14","page":234},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن رَجُلٍ فجَرَ بامرأةٍ أيَنكِحُها؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، ذاكَ حينَ أصابَ الحَلالَ (^١).\n\n١٣٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- فى الرَّجُلِ يَفجُرُ بالمَرأَةِ ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُها بَعدُ. قال: كان أوَّلَه سِفاحٌ وآخِرَه نِكاحٌ، وأَوَّلَه حَرامٌ وأَخِرَه حَلالٌ (^٢).\n\n١٣٩٩٣ - وعن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فى الرَّجُلِ يَفجُرُ بالمَرأَةِ ثُمَّ (^٣) يَتَزَوَّجُها فقالوا: لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ إذا تابا وأَصلَحا وكَرِها ما كانَ (^٤).\n\n١٣٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فيمَن فجَرَ بامرأةٍ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها، قال: أوَّلُه سِفاحٌ وآخِرُه نِكاحٌ، لا بأسَ بهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٨٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٤٤) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٤٧) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٤٦) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الواسطى\".\n(^٦) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٢٣). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٩٢) من طريق داود بن أبى هند به.","vol":"14","page":235},{"text":"١٣٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵁- خَرَجَ عَلَيهِم ورأسُه يَقطُرُ، وقَد كان حَدَّثَهُم أنَّه صائمٌ، فقالَ: إنَّها كانَت حَسَنَةً هَمَمتُ بها، وأَنا قاضيها يَومًا آخَرَ، ورأيتُ جاريَةً لى فأَعجَبَتنِى فغَشِيتُها، أما إنِّى أزيدُكُم، إنَّها كانَت بَغَت فأَرَدتُ أن أُحصِنَها (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن أبى مِجلَزٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: اعلَمْ أنَّ اللهَ يَقبَلُ التَّوبَةَ مِنهُما جَميعًا كما يَقبَلُ مِنهُما وهُما مُتَفرِّقانِ (^٢). ورُوِىَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إن لَم تَنفَعْهُما تَوبَتُهُما جَميعًا لَم تَنفَعْهُما وهُما مُتَفَرِّقانِ. قال: وقَرأ: ﴿أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠٤].\n\n١٣٩٩٦ - فأَمَّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ التَّميمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ إلَى عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ فقالَ: ألا تَعجَبُ؟! إنَّ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: إنَّ الزَّانِىَ المَجلودَ لا يَنكِحُ إلَّا مَجلودَةً مِثلَه. فقالَ عمرٌو: وما يُعجِبُكَ؟ حَدَّثَناه سعيدٌ المَقبُرِيُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ١١١ من طريق أيوب به، دون موضع الشاهد.\n(^٢) أخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٢٧٩٢).","vol":"14","page":236},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو -﵁- يُنادِى بها نِداءً (^١). فهَكَذا رَواه عمرٌو، وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه فى سَبَبِ نُزولِ الآيَةِ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ المَنعَ وقَعَ عن نِكاحِ تِلكَ البَغايا (^٢). ورُوِّينَا عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ المَنعَ وقَعَ عن نِكاحِهِنَّ؛ إمّا لِشِركِهِنَّ، وإمَّا لِشَرطِهِنَّ إرسالَهُنَّ لِلزِّنى (^٣). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٣٩٩٧ - وأَمَّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا العَوَّامُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، أخبرَنا العَلاءُ بنُ بَدرٍ (^٤)، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فأَصابَ فاحِشَةً فضُرِبَ الحَدَّ، ثُمَّ جِئَ به إلَى عليٍّ -﵁- ففَرَّقَ عليٌّ -﵁- بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه، ثُمَّ قال للرَّجُلِ: لا تتزَوَّجْ إلَّا مَجلودَةً مِثلَكَ. فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورَوَى (^٥) حَنَشُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ أنَّ قَومًا اختَصَموا إلَى عليٍّ -﵁- فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فزَنَى أحَدُهُما قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، قال: فَفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٦). وحَنَشٌ غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ (^٧).\n\n١٣٩٩٨ - وأَمَّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠٥٢) من طريق حبيب به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٩٧٥).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٣٩٧٣، ١٣٩٧٤).\n(^٤) فى س: \"يزيد\".\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٦) ينظر الناسخ لأبى عبيد ص ١٣٦، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٨٥٧).\n(^٧) تقدم فى (٥٦٣٠).","vol":"14","page":237},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ ابنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: هُما زانيانِ ما اجتَمَعا (^١).\n\n١٣٩٩٩ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: هُما زانيانِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقا. فقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ ما دَلَّ على الرُّخصَةِ:\n\n١٤٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- فقالَ: رَجُلٌ زَنَى بامرأةٍ ثُمَّ تَابا وأَصلَحا، ألَه أن يَتَزَوَّجَها؟ فتَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النحل: ١١٩]. قال: فرَدَّدَها عَلَيه مِرارًا حَتَّى ظَنَّ الله قَد رَخَّصَ فيها.\n\n١٤٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَنابٍ الكَلبِيُّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن أبيه قال: قَرأتُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ [الشورى: ٢٥]. فشَكَكتُ فلَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٩٦٧٣) من طريق قتادة به. وسعيد بن منصور (٨٩٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٤٩) من طريق سالم به.","vol":"14","page":238},{"text":"أدرِ كَيفَ أقرَؤُها ﴿تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ أو ﴿يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ (^١) فغَدَوتُ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وأَنا أُريدُ أن أسأَلَه كَيفَ يَقرَؤُها، فبَينا أنا جالِسٌ عِندَه إذ أتاه رَجُلٌ فسألَه عن الرَّجُلِ يَزنِي بالمرأَةِ ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُها؟ فَقَرأَ عَلَيه: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَنابٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى حَيَّةَ الكَلبِيُّ بهَذِه القِصَّةِ وقالَ: أيَتَزَوَّجُها؟ فتَلا عبدُ اللهِ الآيَةَ وقالَ: ليَتَزَوَّجْها (^٣).\nورَوَى إبراهيمُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ عن النَّخَعِىِّ عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فى الرَّجُلِ يَفجُرُ بالمرأَةِ ثُمَّ يُريدُ أن يَتَزَوَّجَها، قال؛ لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ (^٥) بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ البَغدادِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الجَهْمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ (^٦)، حَدَّثَنَا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) قرأ حفص عن عاصم وحمزة والكسائى (تفعلون) بالتاء، وقرأ ابن كثير ونافع وعاصم فى رواية أبى\nبكر وابنُ عامر وأبو عمرو (يفعلون) بالياء. السبعة لابن مجاهد ص ٥٨٠، ٥٨١.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٠٢) من طريق أبى جناب به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٩٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٣٣ من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"محمد\". وتقدم فى (٢٧٨٨).\n(^٦) فى س: \"السمرقندى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٢٩٧.","vol":"14","page":239},{"text":"عامِرٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂- فى الرَّجُلِ يَفجُرُ بامرأةٍ ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُها: لا يَزالانِ زانيَينِ. قال: وسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ ابنُ عباسٍ فقالَ: هَذا سِفاحٌ وهَذا نِكاحٌ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ نَحوُ قَولِ عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢)، وقَد عُورِضَ بقَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ كما عُورِضَ بقَولِه قَولُ عائشةَ -﵂-، ومَعَ مَن رَخَّصَ فيه دَلائلُ الكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ. وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3060>بابٌ: لا عِدَّةَ على الزَّانيَةِ ومَن تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً حُبلَى مِن زِنًى لَم يَفسَخِ النِّكاحَ</span>\nاستِدْلالًا بما رُوِّينا فى الحديثِ الثابِتِ عن عائشةَ وأَبِى هريرةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهرِ الحجَرُ\" (^٣). فلَم يَجعَلْ لماءِ العاهِرِ حُرمَةً.\n\n١٤٠٠٤ - وأَمَّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ أبى السَّرِيِّ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالَ له: بَصرَةُ (^٤). قال: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً بكرًا فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٠١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٥٠) من طريق إسماعيل بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٨٠٢)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٧٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (٨٩٧، ٨٩٩) من طريق الشعبى بنحوه، وزاد عند عبد الرزاق: عن ابن مسعود. وكلهم بدون ذكر طرف ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٥٢).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٧٤) من حديث عائشة، وسيأتى فى (١٥٤١٧) من حديث أبى هريرة.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"نصرة\"، وفى المستدرك: \"نضرة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٨٩.","vol":"14","page":240},{"text":"سِترِها، فدَخَلتُ عَلَيها فإِذا هِىَ حُبلَي، فقالَ لِى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَهَا الصَّداقُ بما استَحلَلتَ مِن فرجِها، والوَلَدُ عبدٌ لَكَ، فإذا ولَدَت فاجلِدوها\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فهَذا الحَديثُ إنَّما أخَذَه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى يَحيَى عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، وإِبراهيمُ مُختَلَفٌ فى عَدالَتِه (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٠٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ يونُسَ بنِ ياسينَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى إسرائيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَهُ بنَحوِه لَم يَقُلْ: يُقالُ له: بَصرَةُ. قال عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: وحَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيج عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ. هو ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى يَحيَى عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ العُمَرِىُّ الموصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِسْطامُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ المُختارِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ المَدنِيُّ (^٥)، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن بَصرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٣، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٣١) عن محمد بن أبى السرى به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١١٩٤).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٠، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٣٨٧. وينظر مصنف محمد الرزاق (١٠٧٠٤، ١٠٧٠٥).\n(^٤) فى س: \"نضر\".\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"المدينى\".","vol":"14","page":241},{"text":"ابنِ أبى بَصرَةَ الغِفارِيِّ، أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً بكرًا فدَخَلَ بها فوَجَدَها حُبلَي، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا وضَعَت فاجلِدوها الحَدَّ، وجَعَلَ لَها صَداقَها بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إدريسَ عن أبى إسحاقَ الأسلَمِيِّ، وهو إبراهيمُ ابنُ محمدٍ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ هَذا مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن ابنِ المُسَيِّبِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٤٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ قال: رَوَى هَذا الحديثَ قَتادَةُ عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أرسَلوه، وفِى حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ بَصرَةَ بنَ أكثَمَ نَكَحَ امرأةً. قال: وكُلُّهُم قال فى حَديثِه: جَعَلَ الوَلَدَ عبدًا لَه (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليٌّ، عن يَحيَي، عن يَزيدَ ابنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: بَصرَةُ بنُ أكثَمَ. نَكَحَ امرأةً، فذَكَرَ مَعناه. زادَ: وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما. وحَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أتَمُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٣٨٧ عن الرزاز به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٣٨٧ من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٢١٣١).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢١٣٢).","vol":"14","page":242},{"text":"١٤٠٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، [حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ] (^١)، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فلَمّا أصابَها وجَدَها حُبلَي، فرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، وجَعَلَ لَها الصَّداقَ وجَلَدَها مِائةً (^٢). هَذا حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد مَضَتِ الدَّلالَةُ على جَوازِ نِكاحِ الزّانيَةِ المسلِمَةِ، وأَنَّه لا يُفسَخُ بالزِّنى وإِنَّما جَعَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى العِدَّةَ فى النِّكَاحِ، وجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- الاستِبراءَ مِنَ المِلْكِ (^٣)، وأَجمَعَ أهلُ العِلمِ على أنَّ ولَدَ الزِّنى مِنَ الحُرَّةِ (^٤) يَكونُ حُرًّا، فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ هَذا الحَديثُ، إن كان صَحيحًا، مَنسوخًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3061>بابُ نِكَاحِ العَبدِ وطَلاقِهِ</span>\n\n١٤٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، أنَّه قال: يَنكِحُ العَبدُ امرأتَينِ، ويُطَلِّقُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٩٣).\n(^٣) فى س: \"المالك\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"الحر\".","vol":"14","page":243},{"text":"تَطليقَتَينِ، وتَعتَدُّ الأَمَةُ حَيضَتَينِ، وإِن لَم تكُنْ تَحيضُ فشَهرَينِ، أو شَهرًا ونِصفًا. قال سفيانُ: وكانَ ثِقَةً (^١).\n\n١٤٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁- على المِنبَرِ: أتَدرونَ كَم يَنكِحُ العَبدُ؟ فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أنا. قال: كَم؟ قال: اثنَتينِ. زادَ فيه غَيرُه: فسَكَتَ عُمَرُ. وقالَ: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى يَحيَي، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: يَنكِحُ العَبدُ اثنَتَينِ لا يَزيدُ عَلَيهِما (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٠١٣ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٤٩٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٤١، ٢١٧. وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٢٧٥) عن أبى بكر أحمد بن الحسن به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣١٣٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٧٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٨ من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق مختصر.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٨٦) دون ذكر الزيادة. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٣٥) من طريق معمر بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة عقب (٤١٤٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٣٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٧٠) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٣٣) عن الثورى به.","vol":"14","page":244},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُحارِبِيُّ، عن لَيثٍ، عن الحَكَمِ\nقال: اجتَمَعَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- على أنَّ المملوكَ لَا يَجْمَعُ مِنَ النِّساءِ\nفوقَ اثنَتَينِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٧٩).","vol":"14","page":245},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3062>جماعُ أبوابِ ما يَحرُمُ مِن نِكَاحِ الحَرائرِ وما يَحِلُّ مِنه، ومِنَ الإِماءِ والجَمعِ بَينَهُنَّ، وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3063>بابُ ما يَحرُمُ مِن نِكَاحِ القَرابَةِ والرَّضاعِ وغَيِرهِما</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]. وقالَ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢].\n\n١٤٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ مَهدِيٍّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُم سَبعًا نَسَبًا، وسَبعًا صِهرًا: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٤٧) وفيه: يحيى بن سعيد وحده. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٣/ ٩١١ من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى به.","vol":"14","page":246},{"text":"ابنِ حَنبَلٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن حَيّانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: سَبعٌ صِهرٌ، وسَبعٌ نَسَبٌ، ويَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الوِلادَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَتها أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان عِندَها، وأَنَّها سَمِعَت صَوتَ رَجُلٍ يَستأذِنُ فى بَيتِ حَفصَةَ. قالَت عائشَةُ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رَجُلٌ يَستأذِنُ فى بَيتِكَ. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُراه فُلانًا\".\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥١٠٥).\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٩٧١)، وفى (١٠٠ - تفسير).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٤٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤، ١٤٩. وتقدم فى (١٢٧٣٤).","vol":"14","page":247},{"text":"لِعَمِّ حَفصَةَ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ. فقالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَو كان فُلانٌ حَيًّا، لِعَمِّها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، دَخَلَ عليَّ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم، إنَّ الرَّضاعَةَ تُحَرِّمُ ما تُحَرِّمُ الوِلادَةُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢) ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3064>بابُ ما جَاءَ فى قَولِ اللهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] الآيَة</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: الأُمُّ مُبهَمَةُ التَّحريمِ فى كِتابِ اللهِ، لَيسَ فيها شَرطٌ، إنَّما الشَّرطُ فى الرَّبائبِ، وهَكَذا قَولُ الأكثَرِ مِنَ المُفتينَ (^٣). قال: وهو يُروَى عن عُمَرَ وغيرِه، قَريبٌ مِنه (^٤).\n\n١٤٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبى فروَةَ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبَانِيِّ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى شَمخٍ مِن فزارَةَ، تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ثُمَّ رأى أُمَّها فأعجَبَته، فاستَفتَى ابنَ مَسعودٍ عن ذَلِكَ، فأَمَرَه أن يُفارِقَها ويَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّها، فتَزَوَّجَها فوَلَدَت له أولادًا، ثُمَّ أتَى ابنُ مَسعودٍ المدينَةَ فسألَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٦٠١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٤٥٣)، والنسائى (٣٣١٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٤٦، ٣١٠٥)، ومسلم (١٤٤٤/ ١).\n(^٣) في س: \"الفئتين\"، فى ص ٧: \"المتقدمين\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢٤.","vol":"14","page":248},{"text":"عن ذَلِكَ، فأُخبِرَ أنَّها لا تَحِلُّ (^١)، فلَمّا رَجَعَ إلَى الكوفَةِ قال لِلرَّجُلِ: إنَّها عَلَيكَ حَرامٌ، إنَّها لا تَنبَغِى لَكَ، ففارقْها (^٢).\n\n١٤٠١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُدَيجُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إياسٍ، وهو أبو عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِن بَنى شَمخٍ، فرأى بَعدُ أُمَّها فأَعجَبَته، فذَهَبَ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: إنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً لَم أدخُلْ بها ثُمَّ أعجَبَتنِى أُمُّها، فأُطلِّقُ المَرأَةَ وأَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّها؟ قال: نَعَم. فطَلَّقَها، فتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّها، فأَتَى عبدُ اللهِ المدينَةَ فسألَ أصحابَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالوا: لا يَصلُحُ (^٣). ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فأَتَى بَنى شَمخٍ فقالَ: أينَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى تَزَوَّجَ أمَّ المَرأَةِ التى كانَت تَحتَه؟ قالوا: ههنا. قال: فليُفارِقْها. قالوا: وقَد نَثَرَت له بَطنَها. قال: فليُفارِقْها؛ فإِنَّها حَرامٌ مِنَ اللهِ ﷿ (^٤).\nوبهَذا المَعنَى رَواه إسرائيلُ عن أبى إسحاقَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٢٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م، ومصنف عبد الرزاق: \"له\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣٨، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨١١)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٣٨)،\nوالطبرانى (٨٥٧٩). وأخرجه الخطيب فى الفقيه والمتفقه (١٢١٢) عن الحسين بن الفضل القطان\nبه. وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٠٩) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"تصلح\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣٩، وسعيد بن منصور (٩٣٦).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٥٩٩).","vol":"14","page":249},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سأَلَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، أيَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّها؟ قال: نَعَم. فتَزَوَّجَها فوَلَدَت له، فقَدِمَ على عُمَرَ -﵁- فسألَه، فقالَ \"فَرِّقْ بَينَهُما. قال: إنَّها قَد ولَدَت، قال: وإِن ولَدَت عَشَرَةً. ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^١).\n\n١٤٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى فرْوَةَ الهَمْدانِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيُّ قال: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يُرَخِّصُ في رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فماتَت قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، أن يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّها. قال: فأَتَى المَدينَةَ فكأنَّه لَقِىَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-، قال: فرَجَعَ (^٢).\nكَذا رَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبى فروَةَ فى المَوتِ، وخالَفَه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ فرَواه عن أبى فرْوَةَ فى الطَّلاقِ (^٣).\nوإِذا اختَلَفَ سفيانُ وشُعبَةُ فالحُكْمُ لِرِوايَةِ سُفيانَ؛ لأنَّه أحفَظُ وأَفقَهُ، ومَعَ رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ رِوايَةُ أبى إسحاقَ عن أبى عمرٍو.\n\n١٤٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٥٧٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٤٠١٨).","vol":"14","page":250},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سُئلَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ففارَقَها قَبلَ (^١) يُصيبُها: هَل تَحِلُّ له أُمُّها؟ فقالَ له زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: لا، الأُمُّ مُبهَمَةٌ، لَيسَ فيها شَرطٌ، وإِنَّما الشَّرطُ فى الرَّبائبِ (^٢). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- قال: إن كانَت ماتَت فوَرِثَها فلا تَحِلُّ له أُمُّها، وإِن طَلَّقَها فإِنَّه يَتَزَوَّجُها إن شاءَ (^٣). وقَولُ الجَماعَةِ أولَى.\n\n١٤٠٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قال: هِىَ مُبهَمَةٌ. وكَرِهَها (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها أو ماتَ عَنها: إنَّها لا تَحِلُّ له أُمُّها [ماتَ عَنه] (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة عقب (٤١٥٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٠٧، ١٦٤١٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٥٧، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٤٢، ١٥٤٣) من طريق سعيد بن المسيب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤١٨)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٥٣٧)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٨٦) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: كذا، وصوابه: ماتت عنه\". أ. هـ وفى هامش المطبوعة: \"هامش\n(مص): قال شيخنا: كذا وقع في الأصلين وأحدهما بخط الحافظ أبى القاسم وله وجه، وهو يجعل\nمن قبيل المقلوب وأراد ماتت عمه. ومن شواهد ذلك فى قول الشاعر: =","vol":"14","page":251},{"text":"أو طَلَقَّها (^١). وهو قَولُ الحَسَنِ وقَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ قال: ما أرسَلَ اللهُ فأرسِلوه، وما بَيَّنَ فاتَّبِعوه. ثُمَّ قرأَ: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾. قال: فأرسَلَ هذه (^٣) وبَيَّنَ هَذِهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهو قَولُ عَطاء وعِكرِمَةَ وغَيرِهِم (^٥)، وقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ:\n_________\n= كانت فريضة ما تقول كما ... كان الزناء فريضة الرجم\". اهـ\nقلت: وفى حاشية النسخة الأصل من المهذب كلما في النسخة المطبوعة ٥/ ٢٧٣٦: \"صوابه: ماتت عنه\".\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤١٦)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٥٣٦) من طريق قتادة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨١٣) من طريق قتادة عن عمران به، دون ذكر الحسن.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٨١٥)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٩٤٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٥٤)، وتفسير ابن أبى حاتم عقب (٥٠٨٦).\n(^٣) بعده فى س: \"الآية\".\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور في سننه (٦٠٤ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤١٠) من طريق داود به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨١٣) من طريق قتادة عن مسروق.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٨١٦)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤١٢، ١٦٤١٥)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٦/ ٥٥٨.","vol":"14","page":252},{"text":"١٤٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا مُثَنَّى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا نَكَحَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها فلَه أن يَتَزَوَّجَ ابنَتَها، ولَيسَ له أن يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمِّها\" (^١). مُثنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٢٦ - وقَد تابَعَه على هذه الرِّوايَةِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ عن عمرٍو. أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةً فدَخَلَ بها أو لَم يَدخُلْ بها فلا يَحِلُّ له نِكاحُ أُمِّها، وأيُّما رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةً فدَخَلَ بها فلا يَحِلُّ له نِكاحُ ابنَتِها، فإن لَم يَدخُلْ بها فليَنكِحِ ابنَتَها إن شاءَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3065>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾</span>\n\n١٤٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٥٥٧، ٥٥٨ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال: في إسناده نظر. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨٢١)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٥٣٥) من طريق المثنى بن الصباح به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١١١٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به، وقال: لا يصح من قبل إسناده.","vol":"14","page":253},{"text":"الطَّرائِفىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ (^١)، عن مُعاوْيَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ﴾. وقَولِه: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ﴾. يقولُ: كُلُّ امرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَها أبوكَ أوِ ابنُكَ -دَخَلَ بها أو لَم يَدخُلْ بها- فهِىَ عَلَيكَ حَرامٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، عن أبى حُرَّةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فطَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها: أيَتَزَوَّجُها أبوه؟ قال الحَسَنُ: لا، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِنَّما قال، واللهُ أعلَمُ: ﴿مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ﴾ لِئَلَّا يَدخُلَ فيه أزواجُ الأدعياءِ، وهو مِثلُ قَولِه تَعالَى لِنَبيِّه ﵇: ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]. فحَليلَةُ ابنِ الوَلَدِ وإِن سَفَلَ، وحَليلَةُ الابنِ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ داخِلَتانِ في التَّحريمِ. وهَذا مَعنَى قَولِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀ في كِتابِ الرَّضاعِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٧: \"لهيعة\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"الصواب: ابن صالح. بدل: ابن لهيعة. وابن لهيعة فيه جهالة، وفى أصل المصنف الذى بخطه: ابن صالح\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٥٥٠، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٥٢٦)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٥٠٧٤) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٥٣) عن أبى داود به.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢٥.","vol":"14","page":254},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3066>بابُ نَسخِ التَّبَنِّى وإباحَةِ نِكاحِ امرأةٍ فارَقَها مَن تَبَنَّاه أوِ ابنَةِ مَن كان في الدّينِ أخاهُ</span>\n\n١٤٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أنَّ مُعَلَّى بنَ أسَدٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا [عبدُ العَزيزِ] (^١) بنُ المُختارِ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى سالِمٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما كُنّا نَدعوه إلَّا زَيدَ بنَ محمدٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ القُرآنُ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ (^٢) [الأحزاب: ٥]. رَواه البخارىُّ ﵀ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى ابنِ أسَدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن موسَى (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أحْبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]. فى شأنِ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، وكانَ جاءَه زَيدٌ يَشكو وهَمَّ بطَلاقِها، جاءَ يَستأمِرُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فى ذَلِكَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، ص ٧: \"عبد الله\". وضبب على لفظ الجلالة فى الأصل، وكتب فى حاشيتها: \"فى حاشية الأصل: العزيز بن. . . فى أصل المصنف بخطه: عبد العزيز\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ١٩٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٧٩)، والترمذى (٣٢٠٩، ٣٨١٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٣٩٦)، وابن حبان (٧٠٤٢) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٨٢)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٥).","vol":"14","page":255},{"text":"فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"أمسكْ عليك زوجَك واتقِ اللهَ\". ﴿وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ﴾. الآيَة. قال: ﴿فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا﴾ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ أبو العباسِ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عُروةَ أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ عائشةَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ -﵄-، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: أما أنا أخوكَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّكَ أخِى فى دينِ اللهِ وكِتابِه، وهِىَ لِى حَلالٌ\". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ هَكَذا مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3067>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٢]\n\n١٤٠٣٢ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥١١)، والترمذى (٣٢١٢، ٣٢١٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٤٠٧)، وابن حبان (٧٠٤٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٨٧، ٧٤٢٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٨١)، وقال ابن حجر: وما عناه بالإرسال أن عروة لم يذكر من روى له القصة. والظاهر أنه حمل ذلك عن خالته عائشة أو أمه أسماء. فتح البارى ١٠/ ١٥٥.","vol":"14","page":256},{"text":"الأنصارِىِّ قال: لما ماتَ أبو قَيسِ ابنُ الأسلَتِ خَطَبَ ابنُه قَيسٌ امرأةَ أبيه، فانطَلَقَتْ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا قَيسٍ قَد هَلَكَ، وإِنَّ ابنَه قَيسًا مِن خيارِ الحَىِّ قَد خَطَبَنِى إلَى نَفسِى، فقُلتُ له: ما كُنتُ أَعُدُّكَ (^١) إلَّا ولَدًا، وما أنا بالَّتِى أسبِقُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -[إلى شَئٍ] (^٢). قال: فسَكَتَ عَنها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فنَزَلَت (^٣) هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾ (^٤). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه غَيرُه مِن أهلِ التَّفسيرِ.\n\n١٤٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ جَنّادٍ الحَلَبِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ البَراءِ، عن أبيه قال: لَقيتُ عَمِّى وقَدِ اعتَقَدَ رايَةً، فقُلتُ: أينَ تُريدُ؟ قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةَ أبيه أضرِبُ عُنُقَه وآخُذُ مالَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أجدك\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"بشئ\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ونزلت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٢٥) من طريق أشعث به. وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٧٣)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٩٣ (٩٧٨)، وعنه أبو نعيم فى المعرفة (٧٠٠٦)، من طريق أشعث عن عدى عن رجل من الأنصار به.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٢٥٩٠).","vol":"14","page":257},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3068>بابُ ما جاءَ فى مَعنَى الدُّخولِ المشرُوطِ فى تَحريمِ الرَّبيبَةِ، ومَن لَمَسَ جاريَتِه فأرادَ ابنُه أن يَقرَبَها بَعدَ ما مَلَكَها</span>\nقال البخارىُّ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: الدُّخولُ واللِّماسُ هو الجِماعُ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائِفىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال فى قَولِه: ﴿مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣]: الدُّخولُ النِّكاحُ، يُريدُ بالنِّكَاحِ الجِماعَ. وقالَ فى المسِّ واللَّمسِ والإفضاءِ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ. وبَلَغَنى عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه قال: الدُّخولُ الجِماعُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وهَبَ لابنِه جاريَةً، فقالَ له: لا تَمَسَّها؛ فإِنِّى قَد كَشَفتُها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى عقب (٥١٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٥٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٩١) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. مقتصرين على تفسير الدخول، وليس عند ابن جرير قول طاوس.\nوأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ٦٦ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به، مقتصرًا على تفسير الملامسة. وينظر ما تقدم فى (٦١٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٢٦)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٤٨) من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٢٨)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٤٩) عن طاوس به. وينظر تفسير ابن جرير ٦/ ٥٤١، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١٥١٤)، وتفسير ابن أبى حاتم (٥٠٦٦).\n(^٣) مالك فى موطئه برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٩.","vol":"14","page":258},{"text":"١٤٠٣٦ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُجَبَّرِ أنَّه قال: وهَبَ سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ لابنِه جاريَةً، فقالَ له: لا تَقرَبْها؛ فإِنِّى قَد أرَدتُها فلَم أنبَسِطْ إلَيها (^١).\n\n١٤٠٣٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ أبا نَهشَلٍ الأسوَدَ قال لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: إنِّى رأيتُ جاريَةً لِى مُنكَشِفًا عَنها وهِىَ فى القَمَرِ، فجَلَستُ مِنها مَجلِسَ الرَّجُلِ مِنِ امرأتِه، فقالَت: إنِّى حائضٌ. فلَم أمَسَّها، فأَهَبُها لاِبنِى يَطَؤُها؟ فنَهاه القاسِمُ عن ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3069>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ﴾</span>\n\n١٤٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أبى سلمةَ -وأُمُّها أُمُّ سلمةَ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - - أخبَرَته أنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ أبى سُفيانَ أخبَرَتها أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، انكِحْ أُختى زَينَبَ بنتَ أبى سُفيانَ. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوَ تُحِبّينَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قالَت: قُلتُ: نَعَم، لَستُ لَكَ بمُخْلِيَةٍ، وأَحَبُّ مِن شارَكَنِى فى خَيرٍ أُختِى. قالَت: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى موطئه برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٩، وفيه: أنشط. مكان: أنبسط.\n(^٢) مالك فى موطئه برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٩، ٥٤٠.","vol":"14","page":259},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَحِلُّ لى\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: واللهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لَنَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّكَ تُريدُ أن تَنكِحَ دُرَّةَ بنتَ أبى سلمةَ. قال: \"بنتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ؟ \". قالَت: فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"واللهِ لَو أنَّها لَم تَكُنْ رَبيبَتِى فى حَجْرِى ما حَلَّت لى، إنَّها لابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرِّضاعَةِ؛ أرضَعَتنِى وأَبا سلمةَ ثُوَيبَةُ، فلا تَعرِضْنَ علىَّ بَناتِكُنَّ ولا أخَواتِكُنَّ\". قال عُروةُ: وثوَيبَةُ مَولاةُ أبى لَهَبٍ، كان أبو لَهَبٍ أعتَقَها فأَرضَعَتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا ماتَ أبو لَهَبٍ أُرِيَه بَعضُ أهليه فى النَّومِ بشَرِّ حِيبَةٍ (^١)، فقالَ له: ماذا لَقيتَ؟ فقالَ أبو لَهَبٍ: لَم ألقَ بَعدَكُم رَخاءً غَيرَ أنِّى سُقيتُ فى هذه مِنِّى بعَتاقَتى ثُوَيبَةَ وأَشارَ إلَى النَّقيرَةِ التى بَينَ الإبهامِ والَّتى تَليها مِنَ الأصابعِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سلمةَ أخبَرَته، أنَّ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، انكِحْ أُختى\n_________\n(^١) بشر حيبة؛ أي: سوء الحال وشدته. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢١، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٩.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٣٩)، والدلائل ٢/ ١٨٣، وفي: \"بشر خيبة\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٦)، والنسائى (٣٢٨٤) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وابن ماجه (١٩٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤١١١) من طريق الزهرى به. وعند ابن ماجه: \"عزة\". بدلًا من: \"درة\". وتقدم فى (١٣٥٦٧)، وسيأتى فى (١٥٧١٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٠١)، ومسلم (١٤٤٩/ ١٦).","vol":"14","page":260},{"text":"ابنَةَ أبى سُفيانَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وتُحِبّينَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم، لَستُ لَكَ بمُخْلِيَةٍ، وأَحَبُّ مَن شارَكَنى فى خَيرٍ أُختِى. قالَت: فقالَ رسول اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَحِلُّ لِى\". قالَت: قلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فواللَّهِ إنّا لَنَتَحَدَّثُ أنَّكَ تُريدُ أن تَنكِحَ دُرَّةَ بنتَ أبى سلمةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بنتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ؟ \". قالَت: فقلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فواللَّهِ لَو لَم تَكُنْ رَبيبَتِى فى حَجْرِى ما حَلَّت لِى؛ إنَّها ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرِّضاعَةِ، أرضَعَتنِى وأَبا سلمةَ ثُوَيبَةُ، فلا تَعرِضْنَ علىَّ بَناتِكُنَّ ولا أخَواتِكُنَّ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3070>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَوله: ﴿إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى كِتابِ الرَّضاعِ: كان أكبَرُ ولَدِ الرَّجُلِ يَخلُفُ على امرأةِ أبيه، وكانَ الرَّجُلُ يَجمَعُ بَينَ الأُختَينِ، فنَهَى اللهُ عن أن يَكونَ مِنهُم أحَدٌ يَجمَعُ فى عُمُرِه بَينَ أُختَينِ أو يَنكِحُ ما نَكَحَ أبوه إلَّا ما قَد سَلَفَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ قَبلَ عِلمِهِم تَحريمَه لَيسَ أنَّه أقَرَّ فى أيديهِم ما كانوا قَد جَمَعوا بَينَه قَبلَ الإِسلامِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٤٠٤)، وأبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٣٩٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٧٢)، ومسلم (١٤٤٩/. . .)،\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤١٥٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥.","vol":"14","page":261},{"text":"عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن الهُذَيلِ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ قال: إنَّما قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾. يَعنِى فى نِساءِ الآباءِ؛ لأنَّ العَرَبَ كانوا يَنكِحونَ نِساءَ الآباءِ، ثُمَّ حَرَّمَ النَّسَبَ والصِّهرَ، ولَم يَقُلْ: إلَّا ما قَد سَلَفَ. لأنَّ العَرَبَ كانَت لا تَنكِحُ النَّسَبَ والصِّهرَ. وقالَ فى الأُختَينِ: ﴿إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾. لأنَّهُم كانوا يَجمَعونَ بَينَهُما، فحُرِّمَ جَمعُهُما جَميعًا إلَّا ما قَد سَلَفَ قَبلَ التَّحريمِ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ لما كان مِن جِماعِ الأُختَينِ قَبلَ التَّحريمِ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: كان إذا توُفِّىَ الرَّجُلُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ عَمَدَ حَميمُ الميِّتِ إلَى امرأتِه فأَلقَى عَلَيها ثَوبًا، فيَرِثُ نِكاحَها فيَكونُ هو أحَقَّ بها، فلَمّا توُفِّىَ أبو قَيسِ ابنُ الأَسلَتِ عَمَدَ ابنُه قَيسٌ إلَى امرأةِ أبيه فتَزَوَّجَها ولَم يَدخُلْ بها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له فأَنزَلَ اللهُ فى قَيسٍ: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾. قَبلَ التَحريمِ، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ تَحريمَ الأُمَّهاتِ والبَناتِ، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ: ﴿وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ﴾ قَبلَ التَّحريمِ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ فيما مَضَى قَبلَ التَّحريمِ.\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مقاتل ١/ ٢٢٢، ٢٢٣.","vol":"14","page":262},{"text":"بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَحريمِ الجَمعِ بَينَ الأُختَيِن وبَيَن المَرأَةِ وابنَتِها فى الوَطءِ بمِلكِ اليَميِن\n\n١٤٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى الجَهمِ، عن أبى الأخضَرِ، عن عَمّارٍ، أنَّه كَرِهَ مِنَ الإماءِ ما كَرِهَ مِنَ الحَرائرِ إلَّا العَدَدَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وهَذا مِن قَولِ عَمّارٍ إن شاءَ اللهُ فى مَعنَى القُرآنِ، وبِه نأخُذُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ سَوّارٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -: يَحرُمُ مِنَ الإماءِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الحَرائرِ إلَّا العَدَدَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، خدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٤٠)، والمعرفة (٤١٥٤)، والشافعي ٥/ ٣. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور عقب (١٧٣٦) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٧٥٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٩٥) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٣ وفيه: العلماء. بدلًا من: عمار.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٥/ ٣، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٥٨) عن ابن مسعود به.","vol":"14","page":263},{"text":"أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - عن الأُختَينِ مِن مِلكِ اليَمينِ هَل يُجمَعُ بَينَهُما؟ فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: أحَلَّتهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ، وأَمّا أنا فلا أُحِبُّ أن أصنَعَ هَذا. قال: فخَرَجَ مِن عِندِه فلَقِىَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: لَو كان لِى مِنَ الأمرِ شَئٌ ثُمَّ وجَدتُ أحَدًا فعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَجَعَلتُه نَكالًا. قال مالكٌ ﵀: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أُراه عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - (^١).\nقال مالكٌ: وبَلَغَنى عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ - ﵁ - مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الجَمعِ بَينَ الأُختَينِ ممّا (^٣) مَلَكَتِ اليَمينُ، قال: أخبرَنِى قَبيصةُ بنُ ذُؤَيبٍ أنَّ نِيَارًا الأسلَمِىَّ سألَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الأُختَينِ ممّا (^٣) مَلَكَتِ اليَمينُ فقالَ له:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٥٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٨، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٩٦)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٩٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٥٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٩.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فيما\".","vol":"14","page":264},{"text":"أحَلَّتْهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ، ولَم أكُنْ لأفعَلَ ذَلِكَ. قال: فخَرَجَ نِيارٌ مِن عِندِ ذاكَ الرَّجُلِ فلَقيَه رَجُلٌ آخَرُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: ما أفتاكَ به صاحِبُكَ الَّذِى استَفتَيتَه؟ فأَخبَرَه، فقالَ: إنِّى أنهاكَ عَنهُما، ولَو جَمَعتَ بَينَهُما ولِى عَلَيكَ سُلطانٌ عاقَبتُكَ عُقوبَةً مُنكِّلَةً (^١).\n\n١٤٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا (^٢) ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ وابنَتِها مِن مِلكِ اليَمينِ هَل توطأُ إحداهُما بَعدَ الأُخرَى؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ما أُحِبُّ أن أُحيزَهُما (^٣) جَميعًا. [وقال أبو] (^٤) أحمدَ: أن أُجيزَهُما (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٧٣٠).\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"يحيى\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أجيزهما\".\n(^٤) فى ص ٧، وحاشية الأصل: \"وفى رواية أبى\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٥٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٨، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٢٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨١، ٢٨٢، وعند المصنف والشافعى ومالك برواية ابن بكير والدارقطنى: \"أجيزهما\". وعند مالك برواية يحيى الليثى: \"أخبرهما\". وعند عبد الرزاق: \"يحسرهما\".","vol":"14","page":265},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: سُئلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - عن الأُمِّ وابنَتِها مِن مِلكِ اليَمينِ، فقالَ: ما أُحِبُّ أن يَخْبُرَهما (^١) جَميعًا. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: قال أبى: فوَدِدتُ أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان أشَدَّ فى ذَلِكَ ممّا هوَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد غَلِطَ المُزَنِىُّ رَحِمَنا اللهُ وإيّاه فى هَذا، فقالَ: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: ودِدتُ (^٣). وإِنَّما هو ابنُ عُتبَةَ لا شَكَّ فيهِ.\n\n١٤٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وعَبدُ المجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يُخبِرُ، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ جاءَ عائشةَ -﵂-، فقالَ لَها: إنَّ لِى سُرِّيَّةً أصبْتُها، وإِنَّها قَد بَلَغَت لَها ابنَةٌ جاريَةٌ لى، أفأستَسِرُّ ابنَتَها؟ فقالَت: لا. قال: فإِنِّى واللهِ لا أدَعُها إلَّا أن تَقولِى: حَرَّمَها اللهُ. فقالَت لا يَفعَلُه أحَدٌ مِن أهلِى ولا أحَدٌ أطاعَنى (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يجيزهما\"، وفى ص ٧: \"يجبرهما\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"وقع بخط المصنف مضبوطًا: أخبرهما\" اهـ وفى الأم: \"أجيزهما\". وعند المصنف فى المعرفة، وفى سنن سعيد: \"يجيزهما\". وعند ابن أبى شيبة: \"تخبرهما\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٥٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٣٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٨٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) مختصر المزنى ص ١٦٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٥٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٣١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٧٣٦) من طريق ابن أبى مليكة به.","vol":"14","page":266},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قَطَنٍ عمرُو بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى عَونٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - قال فى الأُخْتَينِ المَملوكَتَينِ: أحَلَّتهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ، فلا آمُرُ ولا أنهَى، ولا أُحِلُّ ولا أُحَرِّمُ، ولا أفعَلُه أنا ولا أهلُ بَيتِى (^١).\n\n١٤٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ قال: حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا سِماكٌ، عن حَنَشٍ، أنَّ عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ تَكونُ له جاريَتانِ أُختانِ فيَطأُ إحداهُما: أيَطأُ الأُخرَى؟ فقالَ: أحَلَّتهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ، وأَنا أنهَى عَنهُما نَفسِى ووَلَدِى (^٢).\nوَرُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى الجاريَةِ وابنَتِها مِثلُ هَذا (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدَّيبُلىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المخزومِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: ذُكِرَ عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قَولُ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فى الأُختَينِ مِن مِلكِ اليَمينِ، فقالوا: إنّ عَليًّا قال: أحَلَّتهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵁ - عِندَ ذَلِكَ: أحَلَّتهُما آيَةٌ وحَرَّمَتهُما آيَةٌ؛\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى جامع بيان العلم وفضله (٧٣٤) من طريق ابن الأعرابى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٩٢)، والبزار (٧٣٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٦٣) من طريق الحارث عن على.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٣٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٨٤).","vol":"14","page":267},{"text":"إنَّما تُحَرِّمُهُنَّ علىَّ قَرابَتى مِنهُنَّ ولا يُحَرِّمُهُنَّ علىَّ قَرابَةُ بَعضِهِم مِن بَعضِ؛ لِقَولِ اللهِ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ (^١) [النساء: ٢٤].\n\n١٤٠٥٢ - وأَنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، عن أبى الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - سألَه رَجُلٌ له أَمَتانِ أُختانِ وطئَ إحداهُما ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يَطأَ الأُخرَى، قال: لا، حَتَّى يُخرِجَها مِن مِلكِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا الشَّيْخُ (^٣) أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ يَعنى الجَزَرِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان لابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- مَملوكَتانِ أُختانِ، فوَطئَ إحداهُما ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يَطأَ الأُخرَى، فأَخرَجَ التى وطئَ مِن مِلكِهِ (^٤).\nورَوَى الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: إذا كان لِلرَّجُلِ جاريَتانِ أُختانِ فغَشِىَ إحداهُما، فلا يَقرَبِ الأُخرَى حَتَّى يُخرِجَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٣٥) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٧٣٦، ١٢٧٣٧) من طريق عمرو به. وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٥٧) من طريق عمرو عن ابن عباس دون ذكر عكرمة، وهو عنده مختصر.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٩١)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٥٩)، عن ابن المبارك به. وعندهما: \"موسى بن أيوب\". بدلًا من: \"موسى بن عقبة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥، ٢٩/ ٣١،\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الشريف\".\n(^٤) الجعديات (٢٢٧٨). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٢٩) عن شريك به.","vol":"14","page":268},{"text":"التى غَشِىَ مِن مِلكِهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٥٤ - وقالَ الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ: حَتَّى يُخرِجَها مِن مَلَكَتِه (^٢) أو يُزَوِّجَها. أخبَرَناه ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَسَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3071>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الجَمعِ بَينَ المَرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، وبَينَها وبَينَ خالَتِها</span>\n\n١٤٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا يونُسُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الدّارَبُرْدِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، [عن الزُّهرِىِّ] (^٤)، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُجمَعَ بَينَ المرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، وبَينَ المرأَةِ وخالَتِها (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٢٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٩٧) من طريق حجاج به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٧٤٦) من طريق ميمون بن مهران به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"ملكه\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مملكته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٣٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٧٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٠٠) من طرق عن الحسن به.\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٧١٢) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وأبو داود (٢٠٦٦)، والنسائى (٣٢٨٩) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"14","page":269},{"text":"آخَرَ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُجمَعُ بَينَ المرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، وبَينَها وبَينَ خالَتِها\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنكَحُ المرأَةُ وخالَتَها، ولا المرأَةُ وعَمَّتَها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن شَبَابَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥١١٠)، ومسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٤٠)، والنسائى (٣٢٩٣) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وأحمد (٧١٣٣) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد ٢/ ٤٢٣ (٩٤٦١ - ميمنية) من طريق شيبان به. ومسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٧)، والنسائى (٣٢٩٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٧، ٤٠).","vol":"14","page":270},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُجمَعُ بَينَ المرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، ولا بَينَ المَرأَةِ وخالَتِها\" (^١). وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قالَ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ يُجمَعُ بَينَهُنَّ؛ عن المرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، والمَرأَةِ وخالَتِها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ [بنِ رُمحٍ] (^٤) عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرِ بنِ حَبيبٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٦٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٥٠، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٩٥٢)، والنسائى (٣٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (٤١١٣، ٤١١٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٠٩)، ومسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٢٩١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٤).","vol":"14","page":271},{"text":"السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنكَحُ المرأَةُ على عَمَّتِها، ولا على خالَتِها\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُحاضِرُ بنُ الموَرِّعِ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُنكَحَ المَرأَةُ على عَمَّتِها، أو قال: خالَتِها. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ المُبارَكِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ مُحاضِرٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنكَحُ المرأةُ على عَمَّتِها ولا على خالَتِها\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ داودُ [وابنُ] (^٤) عَونٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٦٢ - أمّا حَديثُ داودَ، فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١١٠٠٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠٨/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٢٩٨)، وابن حبان (٤١١٤) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١٤٦٣٣)، والنسائى (٣٢٩٧) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"عن\".\n(^٥) البخارى (٥١٠٨).","vol":"14","page":272},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^١)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنكَحُ المرأَةُ على عَمَّتِها، ولا على خالَتِها، ولا العَمَّةُ على ابنَةِ أخيها، ولا الخالَةُ على ابنَةِ أُختِها، لا الصُّغرَى على الكُبرَى، ولا الكُبرَى على الصُّغرَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٦٣ - وأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ عَونٍ، فأَخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ ويَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: نَهَى أن يَتَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ يَعنِى المرأَةَ على ابنَةِ أخيها أوِ ابنَةِ أُختِها (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - كما مَضَى (^٤)، ثُمَّ قال: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ، وهو قَولُ مَن لَقيتُ مِنَ المُفتينِ لا اختِلافَ بَينَهُم فيما عَلِمتُه، ولَم يُروَ مِن وجهٍ يُثبِتُه أهلُ الحديثِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"محمد بن يعقوب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠٦٥)، والترمذى (١١٢٦)، والنسائى (٣٢٩٦)، وابن حبان (٤١١٧، ٤١١٨) من طريق داود به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٣١) من طريق ابن عون موقوفًا بلفظ: \"لا تزوج المرأة. . .\". وينظر التغليق ٤/ ٤١٠.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٤٠٥٨).","vol":"14","page":273},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، وقَد رُوِىَ مِن حَديثٍ (^١) لا يُثبِتُه أهلُ الحديثِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ. وفِى هَذا حُجَّةٌ على مَن رَدَّ الحديثَ، وعَلَى مَن أخَذَ بالحَديثِ مَرَّةً وتَرَكَه أُخرَى (^٢). وأَطالَ الكَلامَ فى هَذا وأَجادَ - ﵁ -، والَّذِى ذَكَرَ مِن أنَّه يُروَى مِن غَيرِ جِهَةِ أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ -، فكما قال؛ فإِنَّه يُروَى عن علىٍّ (^٣) وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤)، وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٥)، وعَبدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ (^٦)، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ العاصِ (^٧)، وأَبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ (^٨)، وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ ﵃ أجمَعينَ (^٩)، ومِنَ النِّساءِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^١٠)، كُلُّهُم عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، إلَّا أنَّ جميعَ هذه الرِّواياتِ لَيسَت مِن شَرطِ صاحِبَىِ \"الصحيح\" البُخارِىِّ ومُسلِمٍ، وإِنَّما اتَّفَقا ومَن قَبلَهُما ومَن بَعدَهُما مِن أئمَّةِ الحديثِ على إثباتِ حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ فى هَذا البابِ فقَط كما قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀. وقَد أخرَجَ البخارىُّ رِوايَةَ عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄-، إلَّا أنَّهُم\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"وجه\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٦٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (١٤٦٢)، والطبرانى (٩٨٠١).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٢١)، والترمذى فى العلل (٢٧٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩٦).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٣٠)، والترمذى (١١٢٥)، وابن حبان (٤١١٦) وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٨١).\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٣٧)، والترمذى فى العلل (٢٧٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٣٠).\n(^٩) ذكره الدارقطنى كما فى أطراف الغرائب (٨١٠).\n(^١٠) سيأتى عند المصنف فى (١٦٠١٤).","vol":"14","page":274},{"text":"يَرَونَ أنَّها خَطأٌ وأَنَّ الصَّوابَ رِوايَةُ داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ وعَبدِ الله بنِ عَونٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ -، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3072>بابُ مَن يَحِلُّ الجَمعُ بَينَهُ </span>(^١)\n\n١٤٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو (^٢)، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ جَمَعَ بَينَ بنتِ علىٍّ وامرأةِ علىٍّ، ثُمَّ ماتَت بنت لِعَلِىٍّ فتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيها بنتًا لِعَلِىٍّ أُخرَى (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ بنَحوِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن قُثَمَ مَولَى آلِ العباسِ قال: جَمَعَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ بَينَ لَيلَى بنتِ مَسعودٍ النَّهشَليَّةِ، وكانَتِ امرأةَ علىٍّ - ﵁ -، وبَينَ أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ علىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بين امرأة الرجل وبنته\".\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"وقع فى أصل المصنف بخطه: أخبرنا أبو سعيد ابن أبى عمرو قال: حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب أنا الربيع بن سليمان أنا الشافعى أنا ابن عيينة عن عمرو بن دينار أن عبد الله ابن صفوان جمع بين امرأة رجل من ثقيف وابنته. أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الحافظ قال: حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب قال: حدثنا الحسن بن مكرم. واتصل كما هاهنا. وبهذه الزيادة تتصل. . .\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٦٥) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٨٤١) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"14","page":275},{"text":"لِفاطِمَةَ -﵂-، فكانَتا امرأتَيهِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ مِصرَ كانَت له صُحبَةٌ يُقالُ له: جَبَلَةُ. جَمَعَ بَينَ امرأةِ رَجُلٍ وابنَتِه مِن غَيرِها (^٢). وعن أيّوبَ أنَّه قال: نُبِّئتُ أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ قَرْحاءَ -رَجلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -- جَمَعَ بَينَ امرأةِ رَجُلٍ وابنَتِه مِن غَيرِها (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ الحَسَنَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: جَمَعَ ابنُ عَمٍّ لي بَينَ ابنَتِى عَمٍّ له، فأَصبَحَ النِّساءُ لا يَدرينَ أينَ يَذهَبنَ (^٤).\nقال أحمدُ ﵀: يَعنى ابنَتى عَمَّينِ لَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3073>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]\n\n١٤٠٦٨ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٦٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠١١)، وعنده دون ذكر مغيرة. وأخرجه سعيد ابن منصور (١٠١٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٥٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٩، ٣٢٠ من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٠٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٥٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٠، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (١٦١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٥٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٦٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٧١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٦٥٧) عن ابن عيينة به.","vol":"14","page":276},{"text":"ابنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن صالِحٍ أبى الخَليلِ، عن أبى عَلقَمَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ يَومَ حُنَينٍ جَيشًا إلَى أَوْطاسٍ فلَقُوا عَدوًّا فقاتَلوهُم فظَهَروا عَلَيهِم وأَصابوا لَهُم سَبايا، فكأنَّ ناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَحَرَّجوا مِن غِشيانِهِنَّ مِن أجلِ أزواجِهِنَّ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فى ذَلِكَ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾. أي فهُنَّ لَهُم (^١) حَلالٌ إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُهُنَّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ ابنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباس -﵄-، أنَّه قال فى هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾. قال: كُلُّ ذاتِ زَوجٍ إتيانُها زِنًى إلَّا ما سُبيَت (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"لكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٧٩٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٠٩٦) من طريق سعيد به. والترمذى عقب (١١٣٢)، وفى (٣٠١٦) من طريق قتادة به. وسيأتى فى (١٨٣٤٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٥٦/ ٣٣).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٦٢ من طريق أبى حصين به.","vol":"14","page":277},{"text":"الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾. قال: هُنَّ السَّبايا اللَّاتِى لَهُنَّ أزواجٌ، لا بأسَ بمُجامَعَتِهِنَّ إذا استُبرِئنَ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٧١ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مِثلَه (^٢).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ بإِسنادِه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - بمَعنَى قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه قال: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ﴾: هُنَّ ذَواتُ الأزواجِ، ويَرجِعُ ذَلِكَ إلَى أنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ الزِّنى (^٤).\nواستَدَلَّ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى أنَّ ذَواتِ الأزواجِ مِنَ الإماءِ يَحرُمنَ على غَيرِ أزواجِهِنَّ، وأَنَّ الاستِثناءَ فى قَولِه: ﴿إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾. مَقصورٌ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٧١.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٧١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٦١)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٦٧). من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) السنن المأثورة (٤٠٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٤٥)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٦٨).\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٤١.","vol":"14","page":278},{"text":"على السَّبايا، بأَنَّ السُّنَّةَ دَلَّتَ على أنَّ المملوكَةَ غَيرَ المَسبيَّةِ إذا بِيعَت أو أُعتِقَت لَم يَكُنْ بَيعُها طَلاقًا؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - خَيَّرَ بَريرَةَ حينَ عَتَقَت فى المُقامِ مَعَ زَوجِها أو (^١) فِراقِه، وقَد زالَ مِلكُ بَريرَةَ بأَن بِيعَت فأُعتِقَت، فكانَ زَوالُه لمعنَيَينِ (^٢) ولَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ فُرقَةً. قال: فإِذا لَم يَحِلَّ فرجُ ذَواتِ الزَّوجِ بزَوالِ المِلكِ فهِىَ -إذا لَم تُبَعْ- لَم تَحِلَّ بمِلكِ يَمينٍ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَها زَوجُها. قال فى القَديمِ: وممَّن قال ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وعُثمانُ ابنُ عَفّانَ وعَلِىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ وابنُ عُمَرَ -﵃-، قالوا: نِكاحُ الزَّوجِ بَعدَ الشِّراءِ ثابِتٌ. قال: وممَّن قال: بَيعُ الأمَةِ طَلاقُها. عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ وأُبَىُّ بنُ كَعب وعِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ وجابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وابنُ عباسٍ وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵃- (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأنَّهُم قاسوها على المسبيَّةِ، وحَديثُ بَريرَةَ يَمنَعُ مِن هَذا القياسِ، ثُمَّ الإجماعُ أنَّ مَن زَوَّجَ أمَتَه لَم يَملِكْ وطْأَها، وهِىَ ممّا مَلَكَت يَمينُه، وهَذا مَعنَى قَولِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀.\n\n١٤٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّها قالَت: كانَت فى بَريرَةَ ثلاثُ سُنَنٍ، وكانَت فى إحدَى السُّنَنِ أنَّها أُعتِقَت فخُيِّرَت مِن\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بمعنى\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤١٦٦) عن الشافعى.","vol":"14","page":279},{"text":"زَوجِها (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3074>بابٌ: الزِّنى لا يُحَرِّم الحَلالَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى إنَّما حَرَّمَه لحُرمَةِ الحَلالِ، والحَرامُ خِلافُ الحَلالِ. قال: ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قَولُنا (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّه قال فى رَجُلٍ زَنَى بأُمِّ امرأتِه أو بابنَتِها فإِنَّهُما حُرمَتانِ تَخَطّاهُما، ولا يُحَرِّمُها ذَلِكَ عَلَيه. قال: وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ يَعمَرَ: ما حَرَّمَ حَرامٌ حَلالًا قَطُّ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الشَّعبِىَّ فقالَ: بَل لَو أخَذتُ كوزًا مِن خَمرٍ فسَكَبتُه فى حُبٍّ (^٤) مِن ماءٍ لَكانَ ذَلِكَ الماءُ حَرامًا. وكانَ مِن رأىِ الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّها قَد حَرُمَت عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٠٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائِىُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: تَخَطَّى حُرمَتَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢١٧٣). وسيأتى فى (٢١٦٩٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٩٧، ٥٢٧٩)، ومسلم (١٠٧٥/. . .).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٥٣.\n(^٤) الحب بضم الحاء: الجرة أو الضخمة منها. القاموس المحيط (ح ب ب).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٦٧) دون قول الشعبى. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٧٢، ١٦٥٠٠) من طريق سعيد به، مقتصرًا على قول ابن عباس. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٧٦٨، ١٢٧٦٩) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"14","page":280},{"text":"١٤٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المعروفِ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى رَجُلٍ غَشِىَ أُمَّ امرأتِه قال: تَخَطَّى حُرمَتَينِ ولا تَحرُمُ عَلَيه امرأتُه (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ الأعلَى عن هِشامٍ عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - (^٢). ورَوَى الزُّهرِىُّ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - مِثلَ قَولِنا. وهو مُرسَلٌ، وهو قَولُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةَ والزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٧٧ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، وسُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ وطِئَ أُمَّ امرأتِه قال: قال عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: لا يُحَرِّمُ الحَرامُ مِنَ (^٥) الحَلالِ (^٦).\n\n١٤٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٦٩) من طريق قتادة عن ابن عباس، دون ذكر عكرمة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٩٠) عن عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٦٦، ١٢٧٧٩)، والمدونة لسحنون ٢/ ٢٧٧، ٢٧٨. ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٨٢).\n(^٤) بعده فى ص ٧: \"الحافظ\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الحافظ\".\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.\n(^٦) ذكره البخارى عقب (٥١٠٥).","vol":"14","page":281},{"text":"حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُحَرِّمُ الحرامُ الحَلالَ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ اليَمانِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُحَرِّمُ الحَرامُ الحَلالَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا (^٣) الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ بُهلولٍ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أيّوبَ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الرَّجُلِ يَتبَعُ المرأَةَ حَرامًا أيَنكِحُ ابنَتَها أو يَتبَعُ الابنَةَ حَرامًا أيَنكِحُ أُمَّها؟ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُحَرِّمُ الحَرامُ الحَلالَ، إنَّما يُحَرِّمُ ما كان بنِكاحٍ حَلالٍ\". قال إسحاقُ: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ: وبِه نأخُذُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٥٠) وفيه: بسام. بدلًا من: سام. والمعرفة (٤١٦٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠١٥) من طريق الفروى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٤٥: هذا من مناكير إسحاق.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٧ من طريق جعفر بن محمد به، بلفظ: \"لا يفسد\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"أبو\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٥٧٣.\n(^٤) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٠٨. وأخرجه ابن حبان فى المجروحين ٢/ ٩٨، ٩٩، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٨٠٣)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٨ من طريق إسحاق بن بهلول به.","vol":"14","page":282},{"text":"١٤٠٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةَ المخزومِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن أبيه المُغيرَةِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَفْسُدُ حَلالٌ بحَرامٍ، ومَن أتَى امرأةً فُجورًا فلا عَلَيه أن يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّها أوِ ابنَتَها، فأَمّا نِكاحٌ فلا\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الوَقّاصِىُّ هَذا، وهو ضعيفٌ (^٢)، قالَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) وغَيرُه مِن أئمَّةِ الحديثِ، والصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - مُرسَلًا مَوقوفًا. وعَنه عن (^٤) بَعضِ العُلَماءِ: و(^٥) حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىِّ أمثَلُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المعروفِ المِهرَجانِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ زيادِ بنِ قَيسٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ يَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن محمدِ بنِ فُلَيحٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَفجُرُ بالمرأَةِ، أيَتَزَوَّجُ ابنَتَها؟ قال: قَد قال بَعضُ العُلَماءِ: لا يُفسِدُ اللهُ حَلالًا بحَرامٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٠٨ بلفظ: \"لا يعتد\".\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٧٦٦٥).\n(^٣) تاريخ يحيى بن معين ٣/ ٢٨٦، ٣٦٢ (١٣٥٩، ١٧٦٠ - رواية الدورى).\n(^٤) فى م: \"وعند\".\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٦٧) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"14","page":283},{"text":"وأَمّا الَّذِى رُوِىَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: ما اجتَمَعَ الحَرامُ والحَلالُ إلَّا غَلَبَ الحَرامُ (^١) الحَلالَ. فإِنَّما رَواه جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\nوجابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، والشَّعبِىُّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُنقَطِعٌ. وإِنَّما رَوَى (^٤) غَيرُه مَعناه عن الشَّعبِىِّ مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٥). ورَوَى لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لا يَنظُرُ اللهُ إلَى رَجُلٍ نَظَرَ إلَى فرجِ امرأةٍ و(^٦) ابنَتِها (^٧). وهَذا أيضًا ضَعيفٌ.\nأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ ﵀: هَذا مَوقوفٌ، ولَيثٌ وحَمّادٌ ضَعيفانِ (^٨).\nوأَمّا الَّذِى يُروَى فيه عن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا نَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى فرجِ المرأَةِ حَرُمَت عَلَيه أُمُّها وابنَتُها\". فإِنَّه إنَّما رَواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن أبى هانِئٍ أو أُمِّ هانِئٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م، ومصدر التخريج: \"على\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٧٢) من طريق جابر الجعفى به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"رواه\".\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٠٧٤)، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٧٧٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٧٠).\n(^٦) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"أو\". وضبب على الهمزة فى الأصل، وفى الحاشية: \"وكذا وقع بخط المصنف فى أصله\".\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٧٣)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٨، ٢٦٩ من طريق ليث به.\n(^٨) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٩.","vol":"14","page":284},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^١). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ ومَجهولٌ وضعيفٌ، الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به فيما يُسنِدُه (^٢)، فكَيفَ بما يُرسِلُه عَمَّن لا يُعرَفُ؟!\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٧٤) من طريق حجاج عن أبى هانئ دون شك.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٢).","vol":"14","page":285},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3075>جماعُ أبوابِ نِكاحِ حَرائرِ أهلِ الكِتابِ وإِمائهِم وإِماءِ المُسلِمينَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3076>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَحريمِ حَرائرِ أهلِ الشِّركِ دونَ أهلِ الكِتابِ وتَحريمِ المُؤمِناتِ على الكُفّارِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وزَعَمَ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ بالقُرآنِ أنَّها أُنزِلَت فى مُهاجِرَةٍ مِن أهلِ مَكَةَ، فسَمّاها بعضُهم: ابنَةُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ، وأَهلُ مَكَّةَ أهلُ أوثانٍ، وأَنَّ قَولَ اللهِ: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ نَزَلَت فى مُهاجِرٍ مِن أهلِ مَكَةَ مُؤمِنًا، وِإنَّما نَزَلَت فى الهُدنَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى كامِلٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا ابنُ أخِى ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمِّه أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ مَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ، يُخبِرانِ خَبَرًا مِن خَبَرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن غَزوَةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، فيما أخبرَنِى عُروةُ عَنهُما أنَّه لما كاتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، على قَضيَّةِ المُدَّةِ، كان فيما اشتَرَطَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو: أنَّه لا يأتيكَ مِنّا أحَدٌ، وِإن كان على دينِكَ، إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٦، وأحكام القرآن ١/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦.","vol":"14","page":286},{"text":"رَدَدتَه إلَينا وخَلَّيتَ بَينَنا وبَينَه. وأَبَى سُهَيلٌ أن يُقاضِىَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إِلَّا على ذَلِكَ، فكَرِهَ المُؤمِنونَ ذَلِكَ [وأَلغَطُوا فيه] (^١) وتَكَلَّموا فيه، فلَمّا أبَى سُهَيلٌ أن يُقاضِىَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا على ذَلِكَ كاتبَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فرَدَّ أبا جَندَلِ ابنَ سُهَيلٍ يَومَئذٍ إلَى أبيه سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، ولَم يأتِ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجالِ إلَّا رُدَّ فى تِلكَ المُدَّةِ وإِن كان مُسلِمًا، ثُمَّ جاءَ (^٢) المُؤمِناتُ مُهاجِراتٍ، وكانَت أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ مِمَّن هاجَرَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهِىَ عاتِقٌ، فجاءَ أهلُها يَسأَلونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَرجِعَها إلَيهِم حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللهُ فى المُؤمِناتِ ما أنزَلَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محَمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ قال: قال مَعمَرٌ: قال الزُّهرِىٌّ: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ بطولِها، قال: ثُمَّ جاءَه نِسوَةٌ مُؤْمِناتٌ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى أصل المصنف الذى بخطه على: وألغطوا فيه. وبولغ فى الضرب\" اهـ.\nوألغطوا فيه: من اللغط، وهو اختلاط الأصوات والكلام حتى لا تُفْهم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦١.\n(^٢) فى م: \"جاءت\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ١٦ (١٥) من طريق يعقوب به. وينظر ما تقدم (١٠١٦٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤١٨٠، ٤١٨١).","vol":"14","page":287},{"text":"مُهَاجِرَاتٍ﴾. حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾. فطَلَّقَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَومَئذٍ امرأتَينِ كانَتا له فى الشِّركِ، فتَزَوَّجَ إحداهُما مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، والأُخرَى صَفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ ابنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: كانَت قُرَيبَةُ بنتُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فطَلَّقَها فتَزَوَّجَها مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، وكانَت أُمُّ الحَكَمِ بنتُ أبى سُفيانَ تَحتَ عِياضِ بنِ غَنْمٍ الفِهرِىِّ، فطَلَّقَها فتَزَوَّجَها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ الثَّقَفِىُّ. أخرَجَه هَكَذا فى \"الصحيح\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾. قال أُمِرَ أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - بطَلاقِ نِساءٍ كُنَّ كَوافِرَ بمَكَّةَ قَعَدنَ مَعَ الكُفّارِ بمَكَّةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠١٦٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٣١، ٢٧٣٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٢٨٦، ٥٢٨٧).\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٥٦. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٢/ ٥٨٥ من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"14","page":288},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقالَ اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢١]. قيلَ فى هذه الآيَةِ: إنَّها أُنزِلَت فى جَماعَةِ مُشرِكِى العَرَبِ الَّذينَ هُم أهلُ أوثانٍ، فحَرُمَ (^١) نِكاحُ نِسائهِم كما يَحرُمُ أن يَنكِحَ رِجالُهُمُ المُؤمِناتِ، فإِن كان هَذا هَكَذا فهَذِه الآيَةُ ثابِتَةٌ لَيسَ فيها مَنسوخٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٨٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾: يَعنى نِساءَ أهلِ مَكَّةَ المُشرِكاتِ، ثُمَّ أُحِلَّ لَهُم نِساءُ أهلِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَمّادٍ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾. قال: أهلُ الأوثانِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يحرم\".\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٦، وأحكام القرآن ١/ ١٨٦.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٣. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٠٩٨) من طريق ورقاء به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١٢ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المروزى فى السنة (٣٣١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١٣، ٧١٤، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٠٩٦)، والنحاس فى ناسخه ص ١٩٦ من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"14","page":289},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه السُّدِّىُّ ومُقاتِلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ فى \"التفسير\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد قيلَ: هذه الآيَةُ فى جَميعِ المُشرِكينِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الرُّخصَةُ بَعدَها فى إحلالِ نِكاحِ حَرائرِ أهلِ الكِتابِ خاصَّةً كما جاءَت فى إحلالِ ذَبائحِ أهلِ الكِتابِ، قال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤه: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ (^٢) [المائدة: ٥].\n\n١٤٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائِفىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾: ثُمَّ استَثنَى نِساءَ أهلِ الكِتابِ فقالَ: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾. حِلٌّ لَكُم: ﴿إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾. يَعنى مُهورَهُنَّ، ﴿مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥]. يقولُ: عَفائفَ غَيرَ زَوانِى (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا القاضِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢١٠٢) عن السدى. وينظر تفسير مقاتل ١/ ١١٧، ١١٨.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٦، وأحكام القرآن ١/ ١٨٦، ١٨٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٠٧، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١١، ٧١٢، ٨/ ١٤٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٠٩٥، ٥١١١)، والنحاس فى ناسخه ص ١٩٤ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":290},{"text":"حدثنا أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قَولَه: ﴿وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ﴾: نُسِخَت، وأُحِلَّ مِنَ المُشرِكاتِ نِساءُ أهلِ الكِتابِ.\n\n١٤٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبى الزّاهرِيَّةِ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ قال: حَجَجتُ فدَخَلتُ على عائشةَ -﵂-، فقالَت لِى: يا جُبَيرُ، هَل تَقرأُ \"المائدَةَ\"؟ فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالَت: أَمَا إنَّها آخِرُ سورَةٍ نَزَلَت، فما وجَدتُم فيها مِن حَلالٍ فاستَحِلُّوه، وما وجَدتُم فيها مِن حَرامٍ فحَرِّموه (^١).\n\n١٤٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ حُيَىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَعافِرِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو، أنَّ آخِرَ سورَةٍ نَزَلَت سورَةُ \"المائدَةِ\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فأَيُّهُما كان فقَد أُبيحَ فيه (^٣) نِكاحُ حَرائرِ أهلِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥٤٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١١٣٨) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٠٦٣) من طريق ابن وهب به، وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، وفى م: \"منه\".","vol":"14","page":291},{"text":"الكِتابِ. قال: وأَحَبُّ إلَىَّ لَو لَم يَنكِحْهُنَّ مُسلِمٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- يُسأَلُ عن نِكاحِ المُسلِمِ اليَهوديَّةَ والنَّصرانيَّةَ، فقالَ: تَزَوَّجناهُنَّ زَمانَ الفَتحِ بالكوفَةِ مَعَ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، ونَحنُ لا نَكادُ نَجِدُ المُسلِماتِ كَثيرًا، فلَمّا رَجَعْنا طَلَّقناهُنَّ. وقالَ: لا يَرِثنَ مُسلِمًا ولا يَرِثُهُنَّ (^٢)، ونِساؤُهُم لَنا حِلٌّ، ونِساؤُنا عَلَيهِم حَرامٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ بكرُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ إسماعيلَ القُرَشِىُّ الدِّمياطِىُّ بدِمياطَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ يَحيَى، هو التُّجيبِىُّ، عن نافِعِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عُمَرَ مَولَى غُفْرَةَ، أنَّه حَدَّثَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ السّائبِ مِن بَنى المُطَّلِبِ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - نكَحَ ابنَةَ الفَرافِصَةِ الكَلبيَةَ وهِىَ نَصرانيَّةٌ على نِسائِه، ثُمَّ أسلَمَت على يَدَيهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٧.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ولا يرثونهن\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٥٦، ١٢٦٦٥، ١٢٦٧٧) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١١١، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٧٠/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨ من طريق نافع ابن يزيد به.","vol":"14","page":292},{"text":"١٤٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن أبى الحوَيرِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - تَزَوَّجَ بنتَ الفَرافِصَةِ وهِىَ نَصرانيَّةٌ، مَلَكَ عُقدَةَ نِكاحِها وهِىَ نَصرانيَّةٌ حَتَّى حَنِفَت حينَ قَدِمَت عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٠٩٦ - قال عمرٌو: وحَدَّثَنى أيضًا أنَّ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ نَكَحَ امرأةً مِن كَلبٍ نَصرانيَّةً حَتَّى حَنِفَت حينَ قَدِمَتِ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٠٩٧ - قال عمرو: وحَدَّثَنى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ شَيخٌ مِن بَنى الأشهَلِ، أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ نَكَحَ يَهوديَّةً.\n\n١٤٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو (^٣) محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا الغِلابِىُّ قال: حدثنا غُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن هُبَيرَةَ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ -، أنَّه قال: تَزَوَّجَ طَلحَةُ - ﵁ - يَهوديَّةً (^٤).\n\n١٤٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٩٨١ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"المدينة\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بكر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١١٣ من طريق شعبة به. وينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٠٦).","vol":"14","page":293},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن هُبَيرَةَ بنِ يَريمَ، عن علىٍّ - ﵁ - قال: تَزَوَّجَ طَلحَةُ يَهوديَّةً (^١).\n\n١٤١٠٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الصَّلتُ بنُ بَهْرامَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: تَزَوَّجَ حُذَيفَةُ - ﵁ - يَهوديَّةً، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يُفارِقَها، قال: إنِّى أخشَى أن تَدَعُوا المسلِماتِ وتَنكِحوا المُومِساتِ (^٢).\nوهَذا مِن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - على طَريقِ التَّنزيهِ والكَراهيَةِ، ففِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى أنَّ حُذَيفَةَ كَتَبَ إلَيه: أحَرامٌ هِىَ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنِّى أخافُ أن تَعاطَوُا المُومِساتِ مِنهُنَّ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٠١ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ وهبٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: إنَّ المُسلِمَ يَنكِحُ النَّصرانيَّةَ، ولا يَنكِحُ النَّصرانِىُّ المسلِمَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٦٠)، وأبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١١٣، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٠٥) من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق من قول هبيرة، وعند ابن أبى شيبة: رجل من أصحاب النبى - ﷺ -.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٧٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١١٦، وسعيد بن منصور (٧١٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٠١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١٦ من طريق الصلت به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٥٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧١٥، ٧١٦ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":294},{"text":"أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن (^١) خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ بَعَثَ محمدًا - ﷺ - بالحَقِّ ليُظهِرَه على الدّينِ كُلِّه، فدينُنا خَيرُ الأديانِ، ومِلَّتُنا فوقَ المِلَلِ، ورِجالُنا فوقَ نِسائهِم ولا يَكونُ رِجالُهُم فوقَ نِسائنا (^٢). قال أبو القاسِمِ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا النُّعمانُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأَهلُ الكِتابِ الَّذينَ يَحِلُّ نِكاحُ حَرائرِهِم أهلُ الكِتابَينِ المَشهورَينِ؛ التَّوراةِ والإِنجيلِ، وهُمُ اليَّهودُ والنَّصارَى مِن بَنِى إسرائيلَ دونَ المجوسِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا للأثرِ (^٤) المَشهورِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ عن النَّبِىِّ: \"سُنّوا بهِم سُنَّةَ أهلِ الكِتابِ\" (^٥). فحَمَلَه أهلُ العِلمِ -مَعَ الاستِدْلالِ برِوايَةِ بَجَالَةَ- على الجِزيَةِ (^٦)، فهُم مُلحَقونَ بهِم فى حَقنِ الدَّمِ بالجِزيَةِ دونَ غَيرِها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س: \"جابر عن\"، وفى م: \"خالد عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو الشيخ فى حديثه (٣٤ - انتقاء ابن مردويه)، وعنه أبو نعيم فى ذكر أخبار أصبهان ٢/ ٣٢٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد به. وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٨٦ من طريق النعمان به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٧.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الأثر\".\n(^٥) سيأتى فى (١٨٦٩١).\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (١٨٦٨٩).","vol":"14","page":295},{"text":"١٤١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: لَيسَ نَصارَى العَرَبِ بأَهلِ كِتَابٍ؛ إنَّما أهلُ الكِتابِ بَنو إسرائيلَ والَّذينَ جاءَتهُمُ التَّوراةُ والإِنجيلُ، فأَمّا مَن دَخَلَ فيهِم مِنَ النّاسِ فلَيسوا مِنهُم (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄- فى نَصارَى العَرَبِ بمَعنَى هَذا، وأنَّه لا تُؤكَلُ ذَبائحُهُم، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فى مَوضِعِه إن شاءَ اللهُ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٠٤ - وأَمّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ فَيروزَ، عن مَعبَدٍ الجُهَنىِّ قال: رأيتُ امرأةَ حُذَيفَةَ مَجوسيَّةً (^٣). فهَذا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ، والمحفوظُ عن حُذَيفَةَ أنَّه نَكَحَ يَهوديَّةً، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3077>بابُ مَن دانَ دينَ [اليَهودِىِّ والنَّصرانِىِّ] (^٤) مِنَ الصّابِئيَن والسّامِرَةِ </span>(^٥)\n\n١٤١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧٥)، والشافعي ٥/ ٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٧١٢) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٩٢٧٠ - ١٩٢٧٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أخى ميمى فى فوائده ص ٦٠ من طريق الحسن عن معبد الجهنى أن حذيفة تزوج مجوسية.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"اليهود والنصارى\"، وكذا فى حاشية الأصل وكتب: \"بخط المؤلف\".\n(^٥) السامرة والسمرة: قوم من اليهود من قبائل بني إسرائيل يخالفونهم فى بعض أحكامهم؛ كإنكارهم نبوة من جاء بعد موسى ﵇. وقوله: لا مساس. وزعمهم أن نابلس هى بيت المقدس، وهم صنفان: الكوشان والدوشان، وإليهم نسب السامرى. تاج العروس: ١٢/ ٨١ (س م ر).","vol":"14","page":296},{"text":"العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا بُردُ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن عُبَادَةَ (^١) بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن غُضَيفِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: كَتَبَ عامِلٌ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ (^٢): إنَّ ناسًا مِمَّن قِبَلِنا يُدعَونَ السّامِرَةَ يَسبِتونَ يَومَ السَّبتِ ويَقرَءونَ التَّوراةَ، ولا يُؤمِنونَ بيَومِ البَعثِ، فما يَرَى أميرُ المُؤمِنينِ فى ذَبائحِهِم؟ قال: فكَتَبَ: هُم طائفَةٌ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ، ذَبائحُهُم ذَبائحُ أهلِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، عن مُعتَمِرٍ، عن أبيه قال: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ قال: نُبِّئَ زيادٌ أنَّ الصّابِئينَ يُصَلّونَ (^٤) القِبلَةَ ويُعطونَ الخُمُسَ. قال: فأَرادَ أن يَضَعَ عَنهُمُ الجِزيَةَ. قال: وأُخبِرَ بَعدُ أنَّهُم يَعبُدونَ الملائكَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3078>بابُ ما جاءَ فى نِكاحِ إماءِ المُسلِمين</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥].\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"عباد. خ ر\".\n(^٢) بعده فى ص ٧: \"إلى عمر بن الخطاب ﵁\"، وكتبت فى الأصل، وفوقها: \"ضرب بخطه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٤٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢/ ٣٦ من طريق معتمر به.","vol":"14","page":297},{"text":"١٤١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائِفىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾. يقولُ: مَن لَم يَكُنْ له سَعَةٌ أن يَنكِحَ الحَرائرَ فليَنكِحْ مِن إماءِ المسلِمينَ، و: ﴿ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ مِنْكُمْ﴾. وهو الفُجورُ، فلَيسَ لأحَدٍ مِنَ الأحرارِ أن يَنكِحَ أمَةً إلَّا ألا يَقدِرَ على حُرَّةٍ وهو يَخشَى العَنَتَ، ﴿وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا﴾ عن نِكاحِ الإماءِ، فهو ﴿خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٤١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا﴾: يَعنِى مَن لا يَجِدُ مِنكُم غِنًى، يقولُ: مَن لا يَجِدُ غِنًى أن يَنكِحَ ﴿الْمُحْصَنَاتِ﴾ يَعنِى الحَرائرَ؛ فليَنكِحِ الأمَةَ المُؤمِنَةَ ﴿وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا﴾، عن نِكاحِ الإماءِ ﴿خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾ وهو حَلالٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٦٢). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٩٢، ٥٩٦، ٦١٤، ٦١٨، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٦٠٠، ١٦٠٣، ١٦٢٩، ١٦٣١)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥١٣٩، ٥١٤١، ٥١٤٥، ٥١٦٤. ٥١٦٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٧٢، وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٩٢، ٥٩٦، ٦١٧، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٦٠١، ١٦٠٢، ١٦٣٥) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.","vol":"14","page":298},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بِشْرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فى هذه الآيَةِ قال: الطَّولُ الغِنَى، إذا لَم يَجِدْ ما يَنكِحُ به الحُرَّةَ تَزَوَّجَ أمَةً. وقالَ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾. قال: عن نِكاحِ الإماءِ. وقالَ: العَنَتُ الزِّنى (^١).\n\n١٤١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- يقولُ: مَن وجَدَ صَداقَ حُرَّةٍ فلا يَنكِحْ أمَةً (^٢).\n\n١٤١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: لا يَحِلُّ نِكاحُ الحُرِّ الأمَةَ وهو يَجِدُ بصَداقِها حُرَّةً. قُلتُ: فخافَ الزِّنى؟ قال: ما عَلِمتُه يَحِلُّ (^٣).\n\n١٤١١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٢٨، ٧٣١، ٧٣٢)، وفى تفسيره (٦١٧، ٦١٨، ٦٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٩٢/ ٢٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٩٢، ٥٩٦، ٦١٤، ٦١٥، ٦١٧ من طريق هشيم به. وعند ابن أبى شيبة مقتصر على تفسير قوله تعالى: ﴿وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ﴾.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧٧)، والصغرى (٢٤٦٣)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٨٢)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٦٠٥)، عن ابن جريج به. وسيأتى فى (١٤١٢٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٧٦) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"14","page":299},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سألَ عَطاءٌ أبا الشَّعثاءِ وأَنا أسمَعُ عن نِكاحِ الأمَةِ ما تَقولُ فيه، أجائزٌ هوَ؟ فقالَ: لا يَصلُحُ اليَومَ نِكاحُ الإماءِ (^١).\n\n١٤١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا (^٢) ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: لا يَصلُحُ نِكاحُ الإماءِ اليَومَ؛ لأنَّه يَجِدُ طَولًا إلَى حُرَّةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ قال: سُئلَ جابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ: هَل يَصلُحُ لِلحُرِّ أن يَتَزَوَّجَ بأَمَةٍ وهو يَجِدُ مَهرَ حُرَّةٍ؟ قال: إنَّما يَتَزَوَّجُ الأمَةَ مَن لا يَجِدُ مَهرَ حُرَّةٍ وخَشِىَ العَنَتَ.\n\n١٤١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ نِكاحَ الإماءِ فى زَمانِه، وقالَ: إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٩٥/ ٣١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"سفيان\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٨٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٥٧.","vol":"14","page":300},{"text":"رُخِّصَ فيهِنَّ إذا لَم يَجِدْ طَولًا لِلحُرَّةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3079>بابٌ: لا تُنكَحُ أمَةٌ على أمَةٍ</span>\n\n١٤١١٦ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدثنا هَيثَمٌ (^٢)، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يَتَزَوَّجُ الحُرُّ مِنَ الإماءِ إلَّا واحِدَةً.\nتابَعَه عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ عن عَطاءٍ وخُصَيفٍ عن سعيدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3080>بابٌ: لا تُنكَحُ أمَةٌ على حُرَّةٍ، وتُنكَحُ الحُرَّةُ على الأمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤١١٧ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ على الإسفَرايينِىُّ الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ (^٤)، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عامِرٍ (^٥) الأحوَلِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُنكَحُ الأمَةُ على الحُرَّةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٢٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٨٣، ١٣٠٨٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٩٤/ ٣٠) من طريق يونس عن الحسن به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"هشام\"، وفى ص ٧، م: \"هشيم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٠٢/ ٣٨) عن عبد السلام بن حرب به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"يسار\".\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"عاصم\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٩٧ من طريق هشام به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٠٦/ ٤٢) من طريق =","vol":"14","page":301},{"text":"١٤١١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مَن سَمِعَ الحَسَنَ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُنكَحَ الأمَةُ على الحُرَّةِ (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، إلَّا أنَّه فى مَعنَى الكِتابِ، ومَعَه قَولُ جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃-.\n\n١٤١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ السَّوّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ ابنُ سعيدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأمَوِيُّ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إذا تُزوَّجَتِ الحُرَّةُ على الأمَةِ قَسَمَ لَها يَومَينِ ولِلأَمَةِ يَومًا؛ إنَّ الأَمَةَ لا يَنبَغِى لَها أن تُزَوَّجَ على الحُرَّةِ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ على الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيثٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄- أنَّه قال: لا تُنكَحُ الأَمَةُ على الحُرَّةِ، وتُنكَحُ الحُرَّةُ على الأمَةِ، ومَن وجَدَ صَداقَ حُرَّةٍ فلا\n_________\n= هشام عن رجل عن الحسن به.\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٩٩، ١٣١٠١) من طريقين عن الحسن به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة ٦/ ٣٨ (١٦٣٢٥/ ٦١) من طريق حجاج به. وسعيد بن منصور (٧٢٥) من طريق المنهال به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"حازم\". وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢٦٠).","vol":"14","page":302},{"text":"يَنكِحَنَّ أمَةً أبَدًا (^١). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١٤١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ وابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- سُئلا عن رَجُلٍ كانَت تَحتَه امرأةٌ حُرَّةٌ، فأَرادَ أن يَنكِحَ عَلَيها أمَةً، فكَرِها له أن يَجمَعَ بَينَهُما (^٢).\n\n١٤١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ حُرَّةً وأَمَةً فى عُقدَةٍ، قال: يُفَرَّقَ بَينَه وبَينَ الأَمَةِ (^٣).\nوعن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأتَينِ فى عُقدَةٍ ولَه ثلاثُ نِسوَةٍ، قال: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَه وبَينَ هاتَينِ اللَّتَينِ تَزَوَّجَ فى عُقدَةٍ، وإِذا تَزَوَّجَ ثَلاثًا فى عُقدَةٍ وعِندَه امرأتانِ فُرِّقَ بَينَه وبَينَ الثَّلاثِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3081>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ نِكاحَ الحُرَّةِ على الأَمَةِ طَلاقُ الأَمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ زيادِ بنِ الأعرابِىِّ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سحنون فى المدونة ٢/ ٢٠٤ من طريق ليث وابن لهيعة به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٦/ ٥٩٣، ٥٩٤، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٦٠٩) من طريق أبى الزبير به، وتقدم فى (١٤١١٠).\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٨١)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٦، ومن طريقه سحنون فى المدونة ٢/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٥٧) عن معاذ بن معاذ به.","vol":"14","page":303},{"text":"الرَّزازُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، قال عمرٌو: قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: نِكاحُ الحُرَّةِ على الأمَةِ طَلاقُ الأمَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤١٢٤ - ورَواه أبو الرَّبيعِ السَّمَّانُ وهو ضَعيفٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: تَزوُّجُ (^٢) الحُرَّةِ على الأمَةِ طَلاقُ الأمَةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِب، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّاب بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ السَمّانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٤١٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابن أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: هِىَ بمَنزِلَةِ المَيْتَةِ تُضطَرُّ إلَيها، فإِذا أغناكَ اللهُ عَنها فاستَغْنِ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبزنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: إذا تَزَوَّجَ الحُرَّةَ على الأمَةِ فهو طَلاقُ الأمَةِ، هو كَصاحِبِ المَيتَةِ يأكُلُ مِنها ما اضطُرَّ إلَيها، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٠٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣١٨)، وسعيد بن منصور (٧٤٢)، ومسدد (كما فى المطالب - ١٦٦٥) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى ص ٧، م: \"تزويج\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٢١) من طريق جابر بن زيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٣٠٩٨)، وسعيد بن منصور (٧٣٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣١٩) عن سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":304},{"text":"استَغنَى عَنها فليُمسِكْ (^١).\nنَحنُ إنَّما نَقولُ بما رُوِّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن عليٍّ وجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- (^٢). وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3082>بابُ العَبدِ يَنكِحُ الحُرَّةَ على الأمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِي، عن مَسروقٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ فى العَبدِ إذا كانَت عِندَه حُرَّةٌ: فإِن شاءَ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيها الأمَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٢٨ - ورَوَى جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، قال: لا يَنكِحُ الأمَةَ على الحُرَّةِ إلَّا المَملوكُ. أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إجازَةً، عن أبى الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٣٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجهما فى (١٤١١٩، ١٤١٢٠).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"وإن شاء فلا\".\nوالأثر عند سعيد بن منصور (٧٣٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٩٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣١٠) من طريق إسماعيل بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣١١) عن وكيع به.","vol":"14","page":305},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3083>بابٌ: لا يَحِلُّ نِكاحُ أمةٍ كِتَابيَّةٍ لِمُسلِمٍ بحالٍ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: لأنَّها داخِلَةٌ فى مَعنَى مَن حُرِّمَ مِنَ المُشرِكاتِ وغَيرُ حَلالٍ مَنصوصَةٍ بالإِحلالِ (^١)، كما نُصَّ حَرائرُ أهلِ الكِتابِ فى النِّكاحِ، وإِنَّ اللهَ تعالى إنَّما أحَلَّ نِكاحَ إماءِ أهلِ الاسلامِ بمَعنَيَينِ، وفِى ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ (^٢) على تَحريمِ مَن خالَفَهُنَ مِن إماءِ المُشرِكينَ -واللهُ أعلَمُ- لأنَ الإِسلامَ شَرطٌ ثالِثٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجد، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: لا يَصلُحُ نِكاحُ إماءِ أهلِ الكِتابِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾ (^٤) [النساء: ٢٥].\n\n١٤١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ: محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ﴾. قال: فلَم يُرَخِّصْ لَنا فى إماءِ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"بالحلال\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"دلالة\".\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٩.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور فى تفسيره (٦١٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٠٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٢٢) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.","vol":"14","page":306},{"text":"أهلِ الكِتابِ (^١).\n\n١٤١٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عَمَّن أدرَكَ مِن فُقَهائهِمُ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، قال: وكانوا يَقولونَ: لا يَصلُحُ لِلمُسلِمِ نِكاحُ الأمَةِ اليَهوديَّةِ ولا النَّصرانيَّةِ، إنَّما أحَل اللهُ المُحصَناتِ مِنَ الَّذينَ أوتوا الكِتابَ، ولَيسَتِ الأمَةُ بمُحصَنَةٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٣٢٠)، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره عقب (١٦١٠) من طرق أخرى عن الحسن بنحوه.","vol":"14","page":307},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3084>جماعُ أبوابِ الخِطبَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3085>بابُ التَّعريضِ بالخِطبَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ٢٣٥].\n\n١٤١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدٍ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ أبا عمرٍو ابنَ حَفصٍ طَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ وهو غائبٌ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيها وكيلَه بشَعيرٍ فسَخِطَته، فقالَ: واللهِ ما لَكِ عَلَينا مِن شَئٍ. فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: ألَيسَ لَكِ عَلَيه نَفَقَةٌ\". وأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ فى بَيتِ أُمِّ شَريكٍ، ثُمَّ قال: \"تِلكَ امرأةٌ يَغشاها أصحابِي، اعتَدِّى عِندَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ؛ فإنَّه رَجُل أعمَى تَضَعينَ ثيابَك، فإذا حَلَلتِ فآذِنينِى\". قالَت: فلَمَّا حَلَلتُ ذَكَرْتُ له أنَّ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ وأَبا جَهمٍ خَطَبانِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّا أبو جَهمٍ فلا يَضَع عَصاه عن عاتِقِه، وأَمّا مُعاويَةُ فصُعلوك لا مالَ له، انكِحِى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ\". قالَت: فكَرِهتُه، ثُمَّ قال: \"انكِحِى أُسامَةَ\". فنَكَحتُه، فجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فيه خَيرًا واغتَبَطتُ بهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٦).","vol":"14","page":308},{"text":"١٤١٣٣ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن فاطِمَةَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أرسَلَ إلَيها: \"ألَّا تَسبِقينِى بنَفسِكِ\".\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ قالَ: [ولا تُفَوِّتينا] (^١) بنَفسِكِ\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ رافِع، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ رِبْحٍ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو؛ كِلاهُما عن أبى سلمةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وذَكَرَ فيه اللَّفظَتَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ: محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَنظَلَةَ الغَسيلِ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى خالَتِى (^٤) سُكَينَةُ بنتُ حَنظَلَةَ، وكانَت بقُباءٍ تَحتَ ابنِ عَمٍّ لَها تُوفِّىَ عَنها، قالَت: دَخَلَ عليَّ أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ وأَنا فى عِدَّتِي، فسَلَّمَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"لا تفوتينى\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"نجم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٨) عن شيبان به. وأبو داود (٢٢٨٦)، والنسائي (٣٤٠٥)، وابن حبان (٤٢٥٣) من طريق يحيى به. ومسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٤٥) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (١٥٨١٢).\n(^٤) فى سنن الدارقطنى: \"عن عمته\".","vol":"14","page":309},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: كَيفَ أصبَحتِ يا بنتَ حَنظَلَةَ؟ فقُلتُ: بخَيرٍ، جَعَلَكَ اللهُ بخَيرٍ. فقالَ: أنا مَن قَد عَلِمتِ قَرابَتى مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقَرابَتى مِن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، وحَقِّى فى الإسلامِ وشَرَفِى فى العَرَبِ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ يا أبا جَعفَرٍ! أنتَ رَجُلٌ يُؤخَذُ مِنكَ ويُروَى عَنكَ، تَخطِبُنِى فى عِدَّتِي؟! فقالَ: ما فعَلتُ (^١)، إنَّما أخبَرتُكِ بمَنزِلَتى مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. ثُمَّ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أُمّ سلمةَ بنتِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ المَخزوميَّةِ -وتأيَّمَت مِن أبى سلمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الأسَدِ وهو ابنُ عمَّها -فلَم يَزَلْ يُذَكِّرُها مَنْزِلَتَه- مِنَ اللهِ ﷿، حَتَّى أثَرَ الحَصيرُ فى كَفِّه مِن شِدَّةِ ما كان يَعتَمِدُ عَلَيه، فما كانَت تِلكَ خِطبَةً (^٢).\n\n١٤١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥]. قال: التَّعريضُ. زادَ فيه غَيرُه: والتَّعريضُ ما لَم يَنصِبْ (^٣) لِلخِطبَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عَمْرٍو (^٥) الرَّزْجاهِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فعلنا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٢٤ من طريق عبد الرَّحمن به.\n(^٣) ينصب: يقصد. اللسان (ن ص ب).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور فى تفسيره (٣٨٣)، وابن أبى حاتم (٢٣٢٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره (٤/ ٢٦١، ٢٦٢) من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٠١) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"عمر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٥٠٤.","vol":"14","page":310},{"text":"أخبرَنِي الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أتَزَوَّجَ (^١). وقالَ البخارىُّ: قال لِى طَلقٌ: حَدَّثَنَا زائدَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ ﴿فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ﴾ يقولُ: إنِّى أُريدُ التَّزويجَ و: لَوَدِدتُ إن تَيَسَّرَ لِى امرأةٌ صالِحَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾: أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلمَرأَةِ وهِىَ فى عِدَّتِها مِن وفاةِ زَوجِها: إنَّكِ عليَّ لَكَريمَةٌ وإِنِّى فيكِ لَراغِبٌ، و: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسائقٌ إلَيكِ خَيرًا ورِزقًا. ونَحوَ هَذا مِنَ القَولِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"إنى أريد أن أتزوج\".\nوالحديث عند سفيان الثورى فى تفسيره ص ٦٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٦١ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٢٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٧١)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٥٨، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٤.","vol":"14","page":311},{"text":"عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ قال: هو قَولُ الرَّجُلِ لِلمَرأَةِ فى عِدَّتِها: إنِّى أُريدُ التَّزويجَ و: إِنِّى إن تَزَوَّجتُ أحسَنتُ إلَى امرأتِى\" (^١).\n\n١٤١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءٌ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى هذه الآيةِ قال: هو قَولُ الرَّجُلِ لِلمَرأَةِ فى عِدَّتِها: إنَّكِ لَجَميلَةٌ. و: إِنَّكِ لَتُعجِبينى. ويُضمِرُ خِطبَتَها فلا يُبديه لَها، هَذا كُلُّه حِلٌّ مَعروفٌ، ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥]. قال: يقولُ لَها: لا تَسبِقينِى بنَفسِكِ فإِنِّى ناكِحُكِ. هَذا لا يَحِلُّ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيح، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا﴾، قال: لا يَخطُبُها فى عِدَّتِها، ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا﴾ يقولُ: إنَّكِ لَجَميلَةٌ. و: إِنَّكِ لَفِى مَنصِبٍ. و: إِنَّكِ لَمَرغوبٌ فيكِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٦٤ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٢٧) من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور فى تفسيره (٣٨٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":312},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: يُقاطِعُها على كَذا وكَذا ألَّا تَزَوَّجَ غَيرَه، ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا﴾ قال: يقولُ: إنِّى فيكِ لَراغِبٌ. و: إِنِّى لأرجو أن نَجتَمِعَ (^١).\n\n١٤١٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: ذُكِرَ عن الشَّعبِى فى هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا﴾. قال: لا يأخُذُ ميثاقَها ألا تَنكِحَ غَيرَه (^٢).\n\n١٤١٤٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ القاضِي، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا﴾ قال: السِّرُّ هو الزِّنى. قال: ثُمَّ سألتُ عَنها الحَسَنَ أيضًا فقالَ: هو الزِّنى (^٣).\n\n١٤١٤٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن إبراهيمَ ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا﴾ قال: الزِّنى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٩٧)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٣٧)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٨٢ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٢٦)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٦٦، ٢٧٦ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٢٨) من طريق أخرى عن عمران عن أبى مجلز والحسن. وأخرجه فى (١٧٠٢٩، ١٧٠٣٠) من طريق عمران عن الحسن وحده.\n(^٤) سفيان الثورى فى تفسيره ص ٦٩، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٣١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"14","page":313},{"text":"١٤١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيَّانَ قال: بَلَغنا -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ-[أنَّه يَعنِى] (^١) ﴿وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا﴾: الرَّفَثُ مِنَ الكَلامِ؛ أى: لا يواجِهُها الرَّجُلُ فى تَعريضِ الجِماعِ مِن نَفسِه. ويَقولُ آخَرونَ: هو الزِّنى واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٢).\nوروِّينا، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال فى التَّعريضِ: يُرسِلُ إلَيها فى عِدَّتِها ويَقولُ: إنِّى فيكِ لَراغِبٌ، وإِنِّى عَلَيكِ لَحَريصٌ، فأَحبَبتُ أن أُعلِمَكِ، فإِذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُكِ رأيتِ رأيَكِ.\nوعن عَطاءٍ قال: يُعَرِّضُ ولا يَبوحُ؛ يقولُ: إنَّ لِى حاجَةً، وأَبشِرِى فأَنتِ بحَمدِ اللهِ نافِقَةٌ. وتَقول هِىَ: قَد أسمَعُ ما تَقولُ (^٣). وعن عَطاءٍ قال: إن واعَدَتْ رَجُلًا فى عِدَّتِها ثُمَّ نَكَحَها بَعدُ لَم يُفَرَّقْ بَينَهُما (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3086>بابٌ: لا يَخطُبُ الرَّجُلُ على خِطبَةِ أخيه إذا رَضيَت به المَخطوبَةُ، أو رَضِىَ به أبو البِكْرِ، حَتَّى يأذَنَ أو يَترُكَ</span>\n\n١٤١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أن معنى\".\n(^٢) عزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ٣/ ٢٤ بشطره الأول إلى المصنّف وحده.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى معلقًا تحت رقم (٥١٢٤)، ووصله عبد الرزاق (١٢١٥٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٦٥ من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٦١) عن ابن جريجٍ، والبخارى معلِّقًا (٥١٢٤).","vol":"14","page":314},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (^١)، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَخطُبُ أحَدُكُم على خِطبَةِ أخيه\" (^٢).\n\n١٤١٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بذَلِكَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَة (^٤)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال (^٦): حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"بن عيينة\".\n(^٢) الشافعى ٥/ ٣٩. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٨٠)، والترمذى (١١٣٤)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٦٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٢٤١)، وأبو عوانة (٤١٣٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٣ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٤٠)، ومسلم (١٤١٣/ ٥١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤١٣/ ٥٢).\n(^٦) فى س: \"وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين وأبو زكريا ابن أبى إسحاق قالوا\"، وفى م: \"وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن وأبو زكريا ابن أبى إسحاق قالوا\".","vol":"14","page":315},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَخطُبُ أحَدُكُم على خِطبَةِ أخيه، ولا يَبيعُ على بَيعِ أخيه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٢). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقَد زادَ بَعضُ المُحَدِّثينَ: \"حَتَّى يأذَنَ أو يَتْرُكَ\".\n\n١٤١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيٌّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَبيعَ بَعضُكُم على بَيعِ بَعضٍ، ولا يَخُطُبَ الرَّجُلُ على خِطبَةِ أخيه حَتَّى يَترُكَ الخاطِبُ قَبلَه أو يأذَنَ له الخاطِبُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّيِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأمَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ٣٩، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٣، ومن طريقه مسلم (١٤١٢)، وابن حبان (٤٠٤٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢١٣٩).\n(^٣) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٧٢)، والمعرفة (٤١٨٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٢٤٣)، وأبو عوانة (٤١٣٣)، من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥١٤٢).","vol":"14","page":316},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"قالَ لا يَبيعَنَّ أحَدُكُم على بَيعِ أخيه، ولا يَخطُبْ على خِطبَةِ أخيه إلَّا بإذنِهِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: \"إلَّا أن يأذَنَ له\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغيرِه عن يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٤١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَخرُ بنُ جوَيريَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَخطُبَ الرَّجُلُ على خِطبَةِ أخيه، حَتَّى يَرُدَّ أو يأذَنَ لَه (^٣).\n\n١٤١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَر -يَعنى ابنَ رَبيعَةَ، عن الأعرَجِ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - يأثُرُ (^٤) عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إيَّاكُم والظَّنَّ فإنَّ الظَّنَّ أكذَبُ الحديثِ، ولا تَحَسَّسُوا، ولا تَجَسَّسُوا، ولا تَباغَضُوا، ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللَّهِ إخوانًا، ولا يَخطُبَنَّ رَجُلٌ على خِطبَةِ أخيه حَتَّى يَنكِحَ أو يَترُكَ، ولا يَجمَعْ بَينَ المَرأَةِ وعَمَّتِها، ولا بَينَها وخالَتِها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٥٤٨٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤١٢/ ٥٠)، ٣/ ١١٥٣ (١٤١٢/ ٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٨٠٧)، وابن حبان (٤٠٥١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣ من طريق صخر ابن جويرية به.\n(^٤) يأثُر: أى يُخْبرُ ويُحَدِّث. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٨٨، ٢/ ٥٩.","vol":"14","page":317},{"text":"ولا تَصومُ المرأةُ وزَوجُها شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِه، ولا تأذَنُ فى بَيته وهو شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِه؛ فما تَصَدَّقَت به مِمَّا يَكسِبُ عَلَيها فإِنَّ له نِصفَ أجرِه، ولا تَسأَلِ المَرأَةُ طَلاقَ أُختِها لِتَستَفَرِغَ إناءَ صاحِبَتِها ولتَنْكِح؛ فإنَّما لَها ما قُدِّرَ لَها\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ إلَى قَولِه: \"حَتَّى يَنكِحَ أو يَترُكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي رَجُلٌ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِماسَةَ المَهْرِيِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُؤمِنُ أخو المُؤمِنِ؛ فلا يَحِلُّ لِمُؤمِنٍ أن يَبْتَاعَ على بَيعِ أخيه حَتَّى يَذَرَ، ولا يَخطُبَ على خِطْبَةِ أَخيه حَتَّى يَذَرَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطَّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ حَدَّثَنِي بكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَه: أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- أرادَ أن يَخطُبَ بنتَ أبى جَهلٍ، وكانَ رَجُلٌ يَخطُبُها، فأَتَى الرَّجُلَ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الشعب (١١١٥٥). وتقدم مختصرًا فى (١١٥٦٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٠٠٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤١٤/ ٥٦).","vol":"14","page":318},{"text":"تَخطُبُ ابنَةَ أبى جَهلٍ؟ قال: نَعَم قَد تَرَكتُها. فقالَ: قَد تَرَكتَها ولا حاجَةَ لَكَ بها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أخطُبَها. قال: اخطُبْها راشِدًا. قال: فخَطَبَها، ثُمَّ بَدا له فتَرَكَها. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3087>بابُ مَن أباحَ الخِطبَةَ على خِطبَةِ أخيه، إذا لَم يوجَدْ مِنَ المَخطوبَةِ ولا مِن أبى البِكرِ رِضًا بالأوَّلِ</span>\n\n١٤١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ -﵂- أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لَها فى عِدَّتِها مِن طَلاقِ زَوجِها: \"فإِذا حَلَلتِ فآذِنينِى\". قالَت: فلَمّا حَلَلتُ أخبَرتُه أنَّ مُعاويَةَ وأَبا جَهمٍ -﵄- خَطَبانِى، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّا مُعَاويَةُ فصُعلوكٌ لا مالَ له، وأَمّا أبو جَهم فلا يَضَعُ عَصاه عن عاتِقِه، انكِحِى أُسامَةَ\". قالَت: فكَرِهتُه. فقالَ: \"انكِحِى أُسامَةَ\". فنَكَحتُه، فجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فيه خَيرًا واغتَبَطتُ بهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عنْ مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٥٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى الجَهمِ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ على\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٥/ ٣٩، ١٠٩، ١٦٢، وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٦).","vol":"14","page":319},{"text":"فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ فى مِلكِ آلِ الزُّبَيرِ، فسألناها عن المُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاثًا هَل لَها نَفَقَةٌ؟ فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى قِصَّةِ طَلاقِها، إلَى أن قالَت: فلَمّا انقَضَت عِدَّتِى خَطَبَنِى أبو الجَهمِ -رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ- ومُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّا أبو جَهمٍ فهو رَجُل شَديدٌ على النِّساءِ، وأَمَّا مُعاَّويَةُ فرَجُلٌ لا مالَ له\". قالَت: ثُمَّ خَطَبَني، تَعنى على أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ فتَزَوَّجتُه، فبارَكَ اللهُ لِى فى أُسامَةَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢). ورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى الجَهمِ قال فيه: \"أمَّا مُعاويَةُ فرَجُلٌ تَرِبٌ لا مالَ له، وأَمَّا أبو جَهمٍ فرَجُلٌ ضَرَّابٌ لِلنِّساءِ ولَكِن أُسامَةُ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3088>بابُ كَيفَ الخِطبَةُ</span>\n\n١٤١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ ابنَ حَفصٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا دُعِىَ إلَى تَزويجٍ قال: لا تُقَضِّضوا (^٤) عَلَينا النَّاسَ، الحَمدُ للهِ وصلَّى اللهُ على محمدٍ، إنَّ فُلانًا خَطَبَ إلَيكُم فُلانَةَ؛ إن أنكَحتُموه فالحَمدُ للهِ، وإِن رَدَدتُموه فسُبحانَ اللهِ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٧٥٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٣٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٨٠)، وابن ماجه (١٨٦٩).\n(^٤) فى م: \"تفضضوا\".","vol":"14","page":320},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3089>جماعُ أبوابِ نِكاحِ المُشرِكِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3090>بابُ مَن يُسلِمُ وعِندَه أكثَرُ مِن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ</span>\n\n١٤١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ -قال الرَّبيعُ: أحسَبُه إسماعيلَ بنَ إبراهيمَ- عن مَعمَرٍ، (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ حَدَّثَنِي علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ وِإسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: أسلَمَ غَيلانُ بنُ سلمةَ وتَحتَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا ويَترُكَ سائرَهُنَّ. لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: أنَّ غَيلانَ بنَ سلمةَ الثَّقَفِيِّ أسلَمَ وعِندَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أمسِكْ أربَعًا وفارِقْ سائرَهُنَّ\" (^١).\n\n١٤١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ،\n_________\n= تقضضوا من القض: وهو كسر الشيء وتفريق أجزائه. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٠٥.\n(^١) الشافعى ٧/ ٣٦١، ومن طريقه المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٩١). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٢٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٧، ٤١٥٨) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"14","page":321},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه أنَّه حَدَّثَه: أنَّ رَجُلًا كان يُقالُ له غَيلانُ بنُ سلمةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، كان تَحتَه فى الجاهِليَّةِ عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ فأسلَمَ وأَسلَمنَ مَعَه، فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَتَخَيَّرَ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٢). وهَؤُلاءِ الأربَعَةُ -ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٌ، ويَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ- مِن حُفاظِ أهلِ البَصرَةِ، رَوَوه هَكَذا مَوصولًا.\n\n١٤١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه: أنَّ غَيلانَ بنَ سلمةَ الثَّقَفِيَّ أسلَمَ وعِندَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا (^٣).\nوهَكَذا روِىَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدٍ المُحارِبِيِّ وعيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤). وهَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثَةُ كوفيُّونَ، والفَضلُ (^٥) بنُ موسَى السَّينانِيُّ وهو\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٥٨)، والترمذى (١١٢٨)، والحا كم ٢/ ١٩٣ من طريق ابن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٦٠١٦) -ومسدد- كما فى إتحاف الخيرة (٣٢٣١) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ٥١٦ من طريق على بن عبد العزيز به. والدارقطنى فى العلل ٣/ ١٢٤، ١٢٥ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٢ من طريق المحاربى عن معمر به. وابن حبان (٤١٥٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٣، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٥٦٦٧) من طريق عيسى به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"أبو الفضل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال (٢٣/ ٢٥٥).","vol":"14","page":322},{"text":"خُراسانِيٌّ عن مَعمَرٍ، هَكَذا مَوصولًا (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n١٤١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّ غَيلانَ بنَ سلمةَ أسلَمَ وعِندَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ:\n\n١٤١٦٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ [وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ] (^٣) قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِرَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفٍ أسلَمَ وعِندَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ: \"أمسِك أربَعًا وفارِق سائرَهُنَّ\" (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٥٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٣ من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٢١)، ومن طريقه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٢٣٤).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى الأصل الذى بخط المؤلف على: وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن وأبو زكريا ابن أبى إسحاق. وكتب: قال\".\n(^٤) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤١٩٢)، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٦٥، ٥/ ٤٩، ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٦، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٢٥٣.","vol":"14","page":323},{"text":"١٤١٦٣ - ورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى سوَيدٍ (^١) أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِغَيلانَ بنِ سلمةَ حينَ أسلَمَ وتَحتَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ: \"اختَر مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا وفارِقْ سائرَهُنَّ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى سوَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٤١٦٤ - ورَواه عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغنا عن عثمانَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ أبى سوَيدٍ قال: -بَلَغنا أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِغَيلانَ بنِ سلمةَ لما أسلَمَ وتَحتَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ: \"اختَرْ مِنْهُنَّ أربَعًا وطَلِّقْ سائرَهُنَّ\". أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، أخبرَنا الَّليثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ وهبٍ وغَيرُه عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عثمانَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبى سوَيدٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ، وفى مصادر التخريج: عثمان بن محمد بن أبى سويد. وقال ابن حبان: محمد بن أبى سويد يروى عن الزهرى ٥/ ٣٦٣، وانظر الحديث التالى. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٣٧٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى فى السنن ٣/ ٢٧٠، وفى العلل ١٣/ ١٢٤ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٢٥٣، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٤٨ من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٤٨، ٢٤٩، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"14","page":324},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ مُسلِمَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ يقولُ: أهلُ اليَمَنِ أعرَفُ بحَديثِ مَعمَرٍ مِن غَيرِهِم؛ فإِنَّه حَدَّثَ بهَذا الحديث عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه بالبَصرَةِ، وقَد تَفَرَّدَ برِوايَتِه عنه البَصريّونَ، فإِن حَدَّثَ به ثِقَةٌ مِن غَيرِ أهلِ البَصرَةِ صارَ الحَديثُ حَديثًا، وإِلَّا فالإِرسالُ أولَى (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّيناه عن غَيرِ أهلِ البَصرَةِ عن مَعمَرٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا، واللهُ تَعالَى أعلَمُ.\nوقَد روِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِعٍ وسالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-:\n\n١٤١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، وأبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أحمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ النَّسائيُّ بمِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بُرَيدٍ عمرُو بنُ يَزيدَ الجَرمِيُّ، (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ قال: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بُرَيدٍ عمرُو بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَيفُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الجَرمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَرَّارٌ أبو عُبَيدَةَ العَنَزِيُّ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ وسالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ غَيلانَ بنَ سلمةَ الثَّقَفِيَّ أسلَمَ وعِندَه تِسعُ نِسوَةٍ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ مِنهُنَ أربَعًا (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ ناجيَةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ النَّسائيِّ: سَرَّارُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، وقالَ: إنَّ غَيلانَ بنَ سلمةَ كان عِندَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ فأَسلَمَ وأَسلَمنَ مَعَه. زادَ ابنُ ناجيَةَ فى رِوايَتِه قال: فلَمَّا كان\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧١، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٦٨٠) من طريق سيف بن عبيد الله به.","vol":"14","page":325},{"text":"زَمانُ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ نِساءَه وقَسَمَ مالَه، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَتَرجِعَنَّ فى مالكَ وفِى نِسائكَ أو لأرجُمَنَّ قَبرَكَ كما رُجِمَ قَبرُ أبى رِغالٍ (^١). قال أبو عليٍّ: تَفَرَّدَ به سَرَّارُ بنُ مُجشِّرٍ وهو بَصرِيُّ ثِقَةٌ.\n\n١٤١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حَدَّثَنَا الواقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أسلَمَ غَيلانُ بنُ سلمةَ وتَحتَه عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُمسِكَ أربَعًا ويُفارِقَ سائرَهُنَّ. قال: وأَسلَمَ صفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ وعِندَه ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُمسِكَ أربَعًا ويُفارِقَ سائرَهُنَّ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى لَيلَي، قال هُشَيمٌ: وأَخبَرَنِي الكَلبِيُّ، عن حُمَيضَةَ بنِ الشَّمَردَلِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّه أسلَمَ وعِندَه ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ، قال ابنُ أبى لَيلَى: فأَمَرَه النَبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ مِنهُنَ أربَعًا. وقالَ الكَلبِيُّ: قال الحارِثُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَد أسلَمتُ وعِندِى ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ أسلَمنَ مَعِى وهاجَرنَ مَعِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اختَرْ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا\". فجَعَلتُ أقولُ لِلَّتِى أُريدُ إمساكَها: أقبِلِي، ولِلَّتى أُريدُ فِراقَها: أدبِرِى. قال: فتَقولُ: أنشُدُكَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدمت قصته فى (٧٧٢٧، ٧٧٢٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٩، والحارث بن أبى أسامة (٤٧٧ - بغية)، والخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٣٦٣ من طريق الواقدى به.","vol":"14","page":326},{"text":"الرَّحِمَ، أنشُدُكَ الوَلَدَ (^١). قال الكَلبِيُّ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو صالِحٍ عن الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٤١٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن حُمَيضَةَ بنِ الشَّمَردَلِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأسَدِىِّ قال: أسلَمتُ وعِندِى ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اختَرْ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا\". قال أبو داودَ: حَدَّثَنَا به أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ بهَذا الحديثِ؛ فقالَ: قَيسِ ابنِ الحارِثِ. مَكانَ الحارِثِ بنِ قَيسٍ، قال أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ: هَذا الصَّوابُ. يَعنى قَيسَ بنَ الحارِثِ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٦٩ - قال أبو داودَ: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا بكرُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قاضِى الكوفَةِ، عن عيسَى بنِ المُختارِ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن حُمَيضَةَ بنِ الشَّمَردَلِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الحارِثِ بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n١٤١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ خَميروَيه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٢٤)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٧٣٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٠ من طريق محمد بن السائب الكلبى به مختصرًا. وتقدم فى (١٣٩٦٠) من طريق هشيم مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٤١)، وينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٤٢).","vol":"14","page":327},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن بَعضِ ولَدِ الحارِثِ ابنِ قَيسِ بنِ عُمَيرَةَ الأسَدِيِّ أنَّ الحارِثَ أسلَمَ وعِندَه ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ له: \"اختَرْ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا\" (^١).\nورَواه مُعلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ عن هُشَيمٍ عن مُغيرَةَ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ قَيسٍ أن جَدَّه الحارِثَ بنَ قَيسٍ أسلَمَ (^٢).\nورَواه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ عن مُغيرَةَ عن قَيسِ بنِ (^٣) عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ الحارِثِ قال: أسلَمَ جَدِّى (^٤). وهَذا يُؤَكَدُ رِوايَةَ الجُمهورِ عن هُشَيمٍ؛ حَيثُ قالوا: الحارِثُ بنُ قَيسٍ. ويُؤَكِّدُ رِوايَةَ ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ قال: أسلَمَ جَدِّى وعِندَه ثَمانِ نِسوَةٍ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اختَر مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا، أيَّتهُن شِئتَ\".\n\n١٤١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ سَلمٍ (^٥) الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٥٥ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٠، ٢٧١ من طريق معلى به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٦٢ من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"مسلم\".","vol":"14","page":328},{"text":"الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: أسلَمتُ وتَحتِى عَشرُ نِسوَةٍ، أربَعٌ مِنهُنَّ مِن قُرَيشٍ إحداهُنَّ بنتُ أبى سُفيانَ، فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اختَرْ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا وخَلِّ سائرَهُنَّ\". فاختَرتُ مِنهُنَّ أربَعًا، مِنهُنَ ابنَةُ أبى سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٤١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حاجِبُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُهَلَّبِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ.\n\n١٤١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ [وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا] (^٢): حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عَوفِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٣) قال: أسلَمتُ وتَحتى خَمسُ نِسوَةٍ فسألتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"فَارِقْ واحِدَةً وأَمسِكْ أربَعًا\". فعَمَدتُ إلَى أقدَمِهِنَّ عِندِى عاقِرٍ مُنذُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قانع فى معجم الصحابة ٢/ ٢٦١، وأبو نعيم فى المعرفة ٥/ ٢٤٣ (٧٧٠٢)، والخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٢٦١ من طريق آدم بن أبى إياس به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب على قوله: وأبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن. وكتب: قال. فى أصل المؤلف بخطه\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"المغيرة\"، وفى ص ٧: \"مغيرة\".\nوكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية بخط الحافظ ابن عساكر مؤرخ دمشق: الصواب نوفل بن معاوية الديلى الذى روى حديث: من فاتته الصلاة يعنى العصر كأنما وتر أهله وماله. كذا رواه حرملة، وأخبرنا أبو سلمة نا أبو القاسم أنا أبو العباس نا حرملة به. قلت: هو بخط المصنّف فى أصله: نوفل ابن معاوية. على الصواب\".","vol":"14","page":329},{"text":"سِتِّينَ سنةً ففارَقتُها (^١).\n\n١٤١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَبَّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البِرتِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيُّ، قال ابنُ حَيَّانَ: وحَدَّثَنَا الصوفيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدانُ، حَدَّثَنَا بُندارٌ وخَليفَةُ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ أيُّوبَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى وهبٍ الجَيشانِيِّ، عن الضَّحَّاكِ بنِ فيروزَ، ابنِ الدَّيلَمِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أسلَمتُ وتَحتى أُختانِ. قال: \"طَلِّقْ أيَّتَهُما شِئتَ\" (^٢). ورَواه أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ عن بندارٍ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ، وقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"اختَرْ أيَّتَهُما شِئتَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى وهبٍ الجَيشانِيِّ، عن الضَّحَّاكِ بنِ فيروزَ الدَّيلَمِى أنَّ أباه أسلَمَ وعِندَه امرأتانِ أُختانِ، فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَختارَ إحداهُما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ٤٩، ومن طريق البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٢٨٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٤٣). وأخرجه المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٧٨)، والمعرفة (٤١٩٦) من طريق يحيى بن معين به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٨٤٧) من طريق بندار. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٤٨ من طريق على بن المدينى به. وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩٦٢).\n(^٣) الترمذى (١١٣٠) عن بندار به.\n(^٤) أحمد (١٨٠٤٠)، وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥١) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"14","page":330},{"text":"١٤١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى يَحيَي، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى وهبٍ الجَيشانِيِّ، عن أبى خِراشٍ، عن الدَّيلَمِىِّ -أو عن ابنِ الدَّيلَمِىِّ- قال: أسلَمتُ وتَحتى أُختانِ فسألتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَنِي أن أُمسِكَ أيَّتَهُما شِئتُ وأُفارِقَ الأُخرَى (^١). زادَ إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى فروَةَ فى إسنادِه أبا خِراشٍ. وإِسحاقُ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٢)، ورِوايَةُ يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3091>بابُ الزَّوجَيِن الوَثَنيَّينِ يُسلِمُ أحَدُهُما، فالجِماعُ مَمنوعٌ حَتَّى يُسلِمَ المُتَخَلِّفُ مِنهُما</span>\nلِقَولِ اللَّهِ تعالى: ﴿لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ﴾، وقَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠].\n\n١٤١٧٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، فى قِصَّةِ خُروجِ أبى العاصِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ -وهو على شِركِه- خَلفَ زَينَبَ بنتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَدينَةِ قال: فحَدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: صرَخَت زَينَبُ: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى قَد أجَرتُ أبا العاصِ بنَ الرَّبيعِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، إلَى أن قالَت: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ١٦٤. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٩٥٠) من طريق إسحاق به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٨٢٧).","vol":"14","page":331},{"text":"فدَخَلَ على ابنَتِه زَينَبَ، فقالَ: \"أىْ بُنَيَّةُ، أكرِمِى مثَواه ولا يَخلُصَنَّ (^١) إلَيكِ، فإِنَّكِ لا تَحِلِّينَ له\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3092>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَنفَسِخُ النِّكاحُ بَينَهُما بإِسلامِ أحَدِهِما إذا كَانَت مَدخولًا بها، حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها قَبلَ إسلامِ المُتَخَلِّفِ مِنهُما</span>\nقالَه عَطاءٌ وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَماعَةٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِن قُرَيشٍ وأَهلِ المَغازِى وغَيرِهِم، عن عَدَدٍ قَبلَهُم، أنَّ أبا سُفيانَ بنَ حَربٍ أسلَمَ بمَرٍّ (^٤) ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ظاهِرٌ عَلَيها، فكانَت بظُهورِه وإسلامِ أهلِها دارَ إسلامٍ، وامرأتُه هِندُ بنتُ عُتبَةَ كافِرَةٌ بمَكَّةَ، ومَكَّةُ يَومَئذٍ دارُ حَربٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَيها يَدعو (^٥) إلَى الإسلامِ، فأَخَذَت بلِحيَتِه وقالَتِ: اقتُلوا الشيخَ الضّالَّ. وأَقامَت أيَّامًا قَبلَ أن تُسلِمَ، ثُمَّ أسلَمَت وبايَعَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فثَبَتا على النِّكاحِ. وأُخبِرنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يخلصن\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧. وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ٤٢٦ (١٠٥٠)، وابن سعد فى الطبقات ٨/ ٣٢، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٧/ ١٨ من طريق ابن اسحاق به. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (١٨٢٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٣٢، ١٢٦٣٤، ١٢٦٣٦، ١٢٦٥٨) عن عطاء، والذى وجدته عن عمر بخلاف هذا. ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٥٠، ١٢٦٥١).\n(^٤) بعده فى ص ٧: \"الظهران\".\n(^٥) فى م، ومصدر التخريج: \"يدعوها\".","vol":"14","page":332},{"text":"أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ وأَسلَمَ أكثَرُ أهلِها، وصارَت دارَ إسلامٍ، وأَسلَمَتِ امرأةُ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ أبى جَهلٍ وامرأةُ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وهَرَبَ زَوجاهُما ناحيَةَ البحرِ (^١) مِن طَريقِ اليَمَنِ كافِرَينِ إلَى بَلَدِ كُفرٍ، ثُمَّ جاءا فأَسلَما بَعدَ مُدَّةٍ، وشَهِدَ صَفوانُ حُنَينًا كافِرًا فدَخَلَ دارَ الإِسلامِ بَعدَ هَرَبِه مِنها وخَرَجَ مِنها كافِرًا، فاستَقَرّا على النِّكَاحِ، وكانَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّه ونِساؤُهُم مَدْخولٌ بهِنَّ لَم تنقَضِ عِدَدُهُنَّ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنْجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه، أنَّ نِساءً كُنَّ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُسلِمنَ بأَرضِهِنَّ وهُنَّ غَيرُ مُهاجِراتٍ، وأَزواجُهُنَّ حينَ أسلَمنَ كُفّارٌ، مِنهُنَ ابنَةُ الوَليدِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، وكانَت تَحتَ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وأَسلَمَت يَومَ الفَتحِ، وهَرَبَ زَوجُها صَفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ مِنَ الإسلامِ، فبَعَثَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ابنَ عَمِّه وهبَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ برِداءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمانًا لِصَفوانَ، ودَعاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الاسلامِ وأَن يَقدَمَ عَلَيه، فإِن رَضِىَ أمرًا قَبِلَه، وإِلا سَيَّرَه شَهرَينِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ صَفوانُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - برِدائه ناداه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى تَسييرِه ثُمَّ رِجوعِه. قال: وخَرَجَ صَفوانُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، ص ٧: \"اليمن\". وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"البحر\". وكتب فوتها: \"بخطه: صح\".\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٤٤.","vol":"14","page":333},{"text":"كافِرٌ، وشَهِدَ حُنَينًا والطَّائفَ وهو كافِرٌ وامرأتُه مُسلِمَةٌ، فلَم يُفَرِّقْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه حَتَّى أسلَمَ صَفوانُ واستَقَرَّت عِندَه امرأته بذَلِكَ النِّكَاحِ (^١). قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ بَينَ إسلامِ صَفوانَ وإِسلامِ امرأتِه نَحوٌ مِن شَهرٍ.\n\n١٤١٨١ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ أُمَّ حَكيمٍ بنتَ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، وكانَت تَحتَ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ أبى جَهلٍ، أسلَمَتْ يَومَ الفَتحِ بمَكَّةَ، وهَرَبَ زَوجُها عِكرِمَةُ بنُ أبى جَهلٍ مِنَ الإسلامِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ اليَمَنَ، فارتَحَلَتْ أُمُّ حَكيمٍ حَتَّى قَدِمَت عَلَيه باليَمَنِ ودَعَته إلَى الإسلامِ فأَسلَمَ، وقَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ، فلَمَّا رآه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وثَبَ إلَيه (^٢) فرَحًا وما عَلَيه رِداءٌ حَتَّى بايَعَه، فثَبَتا على نِكاحِهِما ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٨٢ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: لَم يَبلُغْنِى أنَّ امرأةً هاجَرَت إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه وزَوجُها كافِرٌ مُقيم بدارِ الكُفرِ، إلَّا فرَّقَت هِجرَتُها بَينَها وبَينَ زَوجِها، إلَّا أن يَقدَمَ زَوجُها مُهاجِرًا قَبلَ أن تَنقَضىَ عِدَّتها، وأَنَّه لَم يَبلُغْنا أنَّ امرأةً فُرِّقَ بَينَها وبَينَ زَوجِها إذا قَدِمَ وهِىَ فى عِدَّتِها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكرٍ (١٢/ ٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٤٣، ٥٤٤، ومن طريقه ابن بشكوال فى غوامض الأسماء ٢/ ٨٠٣.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عليه\".\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥٤٥، ومن طريقه ابن سعد - كما فى نصب الراية ٣/ ٢١٢.\n(^٤) ينظر التخريج قبل السابق.","vol":"14","page":334},{"text":"١٤١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ ابنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباس -﵄- قال: كان المُشرِكونَ على مَنزِلَتَينِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - والمُؤمِنينَ؛ كان (^١) مُشرِكِى (^٢) أهلِ حَربٍ يُقاتِلُهُم ويُقاتِلونَه، ومُشرِكِى أهلِ عَهدٍ لا يُقاتِلُهُم ولا يُقاتِلونَه، فكانَ إذا هاجَرَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الحَربِ لَم تُخطَبْ حَتَّى تَحيضَ وتَطهُرَ، فإِذا طَهُرتْ (^٣) حَلَّ لَها النِّكَاحُ، فإِن هاجَرَ زَوجُها قَبلَ أن تَنكِحَ رُدَّت إلَيهِ. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٤) هَكَذا (^٥). وفِى هَذا دَلالَة على أنَّ الدَّارَ لَم تَكُنْ تُفَرِّقُ بَينَهُما.\n\n١٤١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رَدَّ ابنَتَه على أبى العاصِ بَعدَ سَنَتَينِ بنِكاحِها الأوَّلِ (^٦). رَواه أبو داودَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ عن يَزيدَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"العرب\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"تطهرت\".\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٢٨٦).\n(^٥) بعده فى ص ٧: \"زوجها\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٩)، من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٧) أبو داود (٢٢٤٠).","vol":"14","page":335},{"text":"١٤١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبى عمرٍو، وأبو نَصرٍ مَنصورُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ المُفَسِّرُ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ. (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فحَدَّثَنى داودُ بنُ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رَدَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ ابنَتَه عَلى أبى العاصِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ على النِّكَاحِ الأوَّلِ بَعدَ سِتِّ سِنينَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ خالِدٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ يونُسَ: بالنِّكَاحِ الأوَّلِ لَم يُحدِثْ شَيئًا بَعدَ سِتِّ سِنينَ.\nورَواه أبو داودَ مِن حَديثِ سلمةَ بنِ الفَضلِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (^٢). وهَذا لأنَ بإِسلامِها ثُمَّ بهِجرَتِها إلَى المَدينَةِ وامتِناعِ أبى العاصِ مِنَ الاسلامِ لَم يَتَوَقَّفْ نِكاحُها على انقِضاءِ عدَّتِها، حَتَّى نَزَلَت آيَةُ تَحريمِ المُسلِماتِ على المُشرِكينَ بَعدَ صُلحِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، ثُمَّ بَعدَ نُزوِلِها تَوَقَّفَ نِكاحُها عَلى انقِضاءِ عِدَّتِها، فلَم تَلبَثْ إلَّا يَسيرًا حَتَّى أخَذَ أبو بَصيرٍ و(^٣) غَيرُه أبا العاصِ أسيرًا وبَعَثَ به إلَى المَدينَةِ، فأَجارَته زَينَبُ -﵂-، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى مَكَّةَ ورَدَّ ما كان عِندَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٢٤٨١)، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٧، ٦٣٨. وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٤٣) من طريق يونس بن بكير به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٤٠).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أو\".","vol":"14","page":336},{"text":"مِنَ الوَدائعِ وأَظهَرَ إسلامَه، فلَم يَكُنْ بَينَ تَوَقُّفِ نِكاحِها على انقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ وبَينَ إسلامِه إلَّا اليَسيرُ.\n\n١٤١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَدَّ ابنَتَه إلَى أبى العاصِ بمَهرٍ جَديدٍ ونِكاحٍ جَديدٍ\" (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ: هَذا لا يَثبُتُ، وحَجّاجٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به، والصَّوابُ حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\nوبَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه قال: سألتُ عنه البُخارِىَّ فقالَ: حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ أصَحُّ فى هَذا البابِ مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٣).\nوحَكَى أبو عُبَيدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ، أنَّ حَجّاجًا لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عمرٍو، وأَنَّه مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٤) اللهِ العَرزَمِىِّ عن عمرٍو. فهَذا وجهٌ لا يَعبأُ به أحَدٌ يَدرِى ما الحَديثُ.\n\n١٤١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٣٨)، والترمذى (١١٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠١٠) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٣) العلل الكبير ص ١٦٧.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧، م: \"عبد\". وينظر الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ١/ ١٠٨.","vol":"14","page":337},{"text":"أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: أسلَمَتِ امرأةٌ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فتَزَوَّجَتْ، فجاءَ زَوجُها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّى قَد أسلَمتُ مَعَها وعَلِمَتْ بإِسلامِى مَعَها، فنَزَعَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن زَوجِها الآخَرَ ورَدَّها إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ (^١).\n\n١٤١٨٨ - وحَدَّثَنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عليٍّ الدَّقَّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَخلَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ.\n\n١٤١٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُعاذٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عَمَّةَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ أسلَمَت وهاجَرَت وتَزَوَّجَت، وقَد كان زَوجُها أسلَمَ قَبلَها، فرَدَّها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3093>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُسلِمُ وتَحتَه نَصرانيَّةٌ</span>\n\n١٤١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٢٣٩)، والترمذى (١١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٩) من طريق إسرائيل به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٨) من طريق سماك به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩١).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٧٩٦).","vol":"14","page":338},{"text":"صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ أنَّ هانِئٍ بنَ قَبيصَةَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ فنَزَلَ على ابنِ عَوفٍ، وتَحتَه أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ نَصرانيِّاتٍ، فأَسلَمَ وأَقَرَّهُنَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مَعَه. قال شُعبَةُ: وسألتُ عنه بَعضَ بَنِى شَيبانَ فقالَ: قَدِ اختُلِفَ عَلَينا فيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3094>بابُ نِكَاحِ أهلِ الشِّركِ وطَلاقِهِم</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إذا أثبَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نِكاحَ الشِّركِ وأَقَرَّ أهلَه عَلَيه فى الإسلامِ لَم يَجُزْ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، إلَّا أن يَثبُتَ (^٢) طَلاقُ الشِّركِ (^٣).\n\n١٤١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِي عُروةَ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته أنَّ النِّكاحَ كان فى الجاهِليَّةِ على أربَعَةِ أنحاءٍ؛ فنِكاحٌ مِنها نِكاحُ النّاسِ اليَومَ، يَخطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ وليَّتَه فيُصدِقُها ثُمَّ يَنكِحُها. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ كما مَضَى (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٥).\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِيُّ بأَنَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجَمَ يَهوديَّينِ، زَنَيا فجَعَلَ نِكاحَهُما\n_________\n(^١) الجعديات (٢٩٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٠٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) فى الأصل، س، م: \"ثبت\". وكتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"كذا\"، وكتب فى حاشيتها: \"بخطه: يثبت\".\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٥٥.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢٧٢). وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٧٥٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥١٢٧).","vol":"14","page":339},{"text":"يُحصِنُهُما، فكَيفَ يَذهَبُ عَلَينا أن يَكونَ لا يُحِلُّها (^١) وهو يُحصِنُها (^٢)؟\n\n١٤١٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفَّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنِي المَدينيُّ، عن أبى الحوَيرِثِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما ولَدَنِى (^٣) مِن سِفاحِ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ شَئٌ، ما وَلَدَنِى إلَّا نِكاحٌ كَنِكاحِ الإِسلامِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤١٩٣ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه فى قَولِه: ﴿لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَاعَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٨]، قال: لَم يُصِبْه شَئٌ مِن وِلادَةِ الجاهِليَّةِ. قال: وقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"خَرَجتُ مِن نِكاحٍ غَيرِ سِفاحٍ\" (^٥).\n\n١٤١٩٤ - قال الشيخُ: وأَبواه كانا مُشرِكَينِ؛ بدَليلِ ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"يخلها\".\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف: ولَّدنى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٨١٢) عن عليّ بن عبد العزيز به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٨/ ٢١٤: ولم أعرف المديني، ولا شيخه وبقية رجاله وثقوا.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ١/ ٢٩١، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٢/ ٩٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٦/ ١٩١٧ من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٢٧٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٢١٧٣)، والمصنف فى الشعب (١٣٩٦) من طريق جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه مرسلًا. وقال الألباني: وهذا مرسل ضعيف الإسناد. الإرواء ٦/ ٣٣١.","vol":"14","page":340},{"text":"الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبْدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: يا رسولَ اللهِ أينَ أبِى؟ قال: \"فى النّارِ\". فلَمّا قَفّا دَعاه فقالَ: \"إنّ أبى وَأَبَاكَ فى النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤١٩٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ السَّيّارِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ. (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"استأذَنتُ رَبِّى [فى أن] (^٣) أستَغفِرَ لأمِّى فلَم يأذَنْ لِي، واستأذَنتُه فى أن أزورَ قَبرَها فأَذِنَ لِى\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى دلائل النبوة ١/ ١٩١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٧١٨) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٣٨٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨) من طريق عفَّان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٣/ ٣٤٧).\n(^٣) زيادة من: س، م. وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦١٩٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٤٨٩) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٧٢٣٨، ٧٢٧٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٧٦/ ١٠٥).","vol":"14","page":341},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3095>جماعُ أبوابِ إتيانِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3096>بابُ إتيانِ الحائضِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٢].\n\n١٤١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أرسَلَ إلَى عائشةَ يسألُها: هَل يُباشِرُ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ فقالَت: لِتَشدُدْ (^١) إزارَها على أسفَلِها، ثُمَّ يُباشِرُها إن شاءَ (^٢). هَذا مَوقوفٌ، وقَد روِىَ مُرسَلًا ومَوصولًا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٤١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ما يَحِلُّ لِى مِنِ امرأتى وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِتَشُدَّ عَلَيها إزارَها، ثُمَّ شأنَكَ بأَعلاها\" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٤١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّوريُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"عليها\".\n(^٢) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٢٠٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٧٣، ومالك ١/ ٥٨، ومن طريقه الدارميُّ (١٠٧٣)، وابن المنذر فى الأوسط (٧٩٠).\n(^٣) رواية ابن بكير ساقط من أولها إلى ما قبل الحجِّ. والحديث عند مالك برواية الليثى ١/ ٥٧ من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عمر، عن ابن عمر، ومن طريقه الدارميُّ (١٠٧٢).","vol":"14","page":342},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: ما يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَ المَرأَةِ - يَعنى الحائضَ؟ قال: \"ما فوقَ الإِزارِ\" (^١). هَذا مَوصولٌ. وقَد رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ فيه طَريقَينِ آخَرَينِ، وهُما يُؤَكِّدانِ هذه الرِّوايَةَ.\n\n١٤١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الإيادِىُّ المالِكِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصيبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِي شَريكٌ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فى لِحافٍ واحِدٍ فانسَلَلتُ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: حِضتُ. قال: \"شُدِّى عَلَيكِ إزارَكِ ثُمَّ ادخُلِى\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ بنِ ماسِي، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ ابنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَدّادٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ أن يُباشِرَ المَرأَةَ مِن نِسائه وهِىَ حائضٌ أمَرَها فاتَّزَرَت (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه السلفى فى الطيوريات (٦٠٩) من طريق العمرى به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٠٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٠٥).","vol":"14","page":343},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" (^١) عن أبى النُّعمانِ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ، وقَد ذَكَرنا سائرَ ما رُوِىَ فى كِتابِ الحَيضِ (^٢).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ (^٣) ﵀: فخالَفَنا بَعضُ النَّاسِ فى مُباشَرَةِ الرَّجُلِ امرأتَه وإِتيانِه إيَّاها وهِىَ حائضٌ، فقالَ: قَد رُوَّينا خِلافَ ما رُوِّيتُم؛ فرُوَّينا أن يُخلِفَ مَوضِعَ الدَّمِ ثُمَّ يَنالَ ما شاءَ. وذَكَرَ حَديثًا لا يُثبِتُه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رَوَينا تِلكَ الأحاديثَ بأَسانيدِها فى كِتابِ الحَيضِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3097>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَطوفُ على نِسائه فى غُسلٍ واحِدٍ إذا حَلَلنَه، أو على إمائهِ</span>\n\n١٤٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِيُّ، عن مِسكينِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَطوفُ على نِسائه بغُسلٍ واحِدٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبى شُعَيبٍ عن مِسكينٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٠٣).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٥٠٢ - ١٥١٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٧٣.\nوفى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى الأصل الذى بخط المؤلف على قوله: قال الشافعى إلى: فقال\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٥١٦ - ١٥٢٥).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٠١).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣٠٩/ ٢٨).","vol":"14","page":344},{"text":"١٤٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَطوفُ على نِسائه فى غُسلٍ واحِدٍ. قال مَعمَرٌ: ولَكِنّا لا نَشُكُّ أنَّه كان يَتَوَضّأُ بَينَ ذَلِكَ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ بالصوابِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3098>بابُ الجُنُبِ يَتَوَضَّأُ كُلَّما أرادَ إتيانَ واحِدَةٍ أو أرادَ العَودَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ وِإن كان مِمَّا لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم أهلَه ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يَعودَ فليَتَوَضّأْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٠٤ - ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ وزادَ فيه: \"فإِنَّه أنشَطُ لِلعَودِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٢١٢) وعبد الرزاق (١٠٦١). ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٤٠)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٤٠)، والنسائي (٢٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٥٨٨) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠٨/ ٢٧).","vol":"14","page":345},{"text":"ابنُ عثمانَ الأَدَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الكَريمِ العاقولِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أرادَ أحَدُكُمُ العَودَ فليتَوَضّأْ؛ فإِنَّه أنشَطُ له\" (^١).\nإن كان الشافِعِيُّ أرادَ هَذا الحديثَ فهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، ولَعَلَّه لَم يَقِفْ على إسنادِهِ، ولَعَلَّه أرادَ ما:\n\n١٤٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى أُسامَةَ الحَلَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُسَيَّبُ يَعنى ابنَ واضِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أتَيتَ أهلَكَ فأَرَدتَ أن تَعودَ فتَوَضَّأْ وُضوءَكَ لِلصَّلاةِ\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n١٤٢٠٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى المُستَهِلِّ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم أهلَه فأَرادَ أن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٨٣ من طريق المسيب بن واضح به، وفيه: \"عن ابن عمر عن عمر\".","vol":"14","page":346},{"text":"يَعودَ فليَغسِلْ فرجَه\" (^١). هَذا أصَحُّ. ولَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ لا يُحجُّ به (^٢)، وفِى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ كِفايَةٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى الغُسلِ بَينَ ذَلِكَ حَديثٌ لَيسَ بقَوِىٍّ:\n\n١٤٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ ابنُ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى رافِعٍ، عن عَمَّتِه سَلمَي، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طافَ على نِسائِهِ جُمَعَ، فاغتَسَلَ عِندَ كُلّ امرأةٍ مِنهُنَّ غُسلًا، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ألا جَعَلتَه غُسلًا واحِدًا؟ قال: \"هذا (^٣) أزكَى وأَطهَرُ وأَطيَبُ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3099>بابُ الجُنُبِ يُريدُ أن يَنامَ</span>\n\n١٤٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ أبى خُزَيمَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى -كما فى المطالب العالية (٢١٦)، وابن حبان فى الثقات ٥/ ٥٧١ من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٥٣٢).\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"هكذا\". والمثبت كما فى مصادر التخريج والمهذب ٦/ ٢٧٦٥.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٠٣).","vol":"14","page":347},{"text":"تُصيبُه الجَنابَةُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَوَضَّأْ واغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ ثُمَّ نَمْ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تُصيبُنى الجَنابَةُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فكَيفَ أصنَعُ؟ قال: \"اغسِلْ ذَكَرَكَ وتَوَضَّأْ ثُمَّ ارقُدْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٢١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا كان جُنُبًا فأرادَ أن يَنامَ أو يأكُلَ تَوَضَّأَ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3100>بابُ الاستِتارِ فى حالِ الوَطءِ</span>\n\n١٤٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٧٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٩٠)، ومسلم (٣٠٦/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٤)، وابن حبان (١٢١٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٩١).\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٠٥/ ٢٢).","vol":"14","page":348},{"text":"حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّفَّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَندَلُ بن عليٍّ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أتَى أَحَدُكم أهلَه فليَستَتِرْ، ولا يَتَجَرَّدانِ تَجَرُّدَ العَيْرَينِ\" (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به مَندَلُ بنُ عليٍّ ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢). وهو وإِن لَم يَكُنْ ثابِتًا فمَحمودٌ فى الأخلاقِ.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وأَكرَهْ أن يَطأَها والأُخرَى تَنظُرُ؛ لأنَّه لَيسَ مِنَ التَّسَتُّرِ (^٣)، ولا مَحمودِ الأخلاقِ، ولا يُشبِهُ العِشرَةَ بالمَعروفِ، وقَد أُمِرَ أن يُعاشِرَها بالمَعروفِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ فى حَديثِ الحَسَنِ فى الرَّجُلِ يُجامِعُ المَرأَةَ والأُخرَى تَسمَعُ قال: كانوا يَكرَهونَ الوَجْسَ. حَدَّثَناه عَبَّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن غالِبٍ القَطَّانِ، عن الحَسَنِ (^٥). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الوَجْسُ هو الصَّوتُ الخَفِيُّ، وقَد رُوِىَ فى مِثلِ هَذا مِنَ الكَراهَةِ ما هو أشَدُّ مِنه، وهو فى\n_________\n(^١) العيران: مثنى عَير: وهو حمار الوحش. حاشية السندى على ابن ماجه ٤/ ١٧٣.\nوالحديث أخرجه البزار (١٧٠١)، والطبرانى (١٠٤٤٣) من طريق أبى غسان به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٧٤١٤).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الستر\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٢١٥).\n(^٥) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٤٥٨، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٧٢٢) عن عباد به.","vol":"14","page":349},{"text":"بَعضِ طرقِ (^١) الحديثِ: حَتَّى الصَّبِيِّ فى المَهدِ (^٢). قال: وأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَنامُ بَينَ جاريَتَينِ، سَمِعتُ عَبّادَ بنَ العَوَّامِ يُحَدِّثُه، عن أبى شَيبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يَنامُ بَينَ جاريَتَينِ (^٣). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وإنَّما هَذا عِندِى على النَّومِ، لَيسِ على الجِماعِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3101>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِن ذِكْرِ الرَّجُلِ إصابَتَه أهلَهُ</span>\n\n١٤٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَمزَةَ العُمَرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ الأمانَةِ عِندَ اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ الرَّجُلُ يُفضِى إلَى امرأتِه وتُفضِى إلَيه، ثُمَّ يُفشِى سِرَّها\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن مَروانَ (^٦).\n\n١٤٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل، ص ٧.\n(^٢) ينظر مساوئ الأخلاق للخرائطى (٤١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٧٢٣) عن عباد به.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث ٤/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٥) المصنّف فى الشعب (٥٢٣١)، والمعرفة (٤٢١٦)، ومعجم ابن الأعرابى (١٣٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦٥٥)، من طرق مروان بن معاوية به. وأبو داود (٤٨٧٠) من طريق عمر بن حمزة به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٣٧/ ١٢٣).","vol":"14","page":350},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي شَيخٌ مِنَ الطُّفاوَةِ قال: أتَيتُ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - بالمَدينَةِ، فلَم أرَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أشَدَّ تَشميرًا ولا أقوَمَ على ضَيفٍ مِنه، سَمِعتُه يقولُ: نَهَضتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى مَقامَه الَّذِى يُصَلِّى فيه، قال: ومَعَه (^١) صَفّانِ مِن رِجالٍ وصَفٌ مِن نِساءٍ، أو صَفانِ مِن نِساءٍ وصَفٌ مِن رِجالٍ، فأَقبَلَ عَلَينا بوَجهِه فقالَ: \"إن نَسّانِىَ الشَّيطانُ شَيئًا مِن صَلَاتِى فليُسَبحِ الرِّجالُ ولتُصَفِّقِ النِّساءُ\". فصَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يَنسَ شَيئًا مِن صَلاتِه، فقالَ: \"مَجالِسَكُم مَجالِسَكُم، ما مِنكُم مِن رَجُل يَستَتِرُ بسِترِ اللَّهِ إِذا أتَى أهلَه أغلَقَ عَلَيه بابَه وأَلقَى عَلَيه سِترَه\". قالوا: إنا لَنَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ. قال: \"ثُمَّ يَجلِسُ فيَقولُ: فعَلتُ بصاحِبَتِى كَذا، وفَعَلتُ كَذا\". فسَكَتوا، فقالَ: \"هَل مِنكُنَّ مَن تَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: فسَكَتنَ، فجَثَت فتاةٌ -أحسِبُه قال: كَعَابٌ (^٢) - على إحدَى رُكبَتَيها، فتَطاوَلَت لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ليَراها، فقالَت: إى واللهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّهُم لَيَتَحَدَّثُونَ، وإِنَّهُنَّ لَيَتَحَدَّثْنَ. فقالَ: \"هَل تَدرونَ ما مَثَلُ مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ؟ مَثَلُ الشَّيطانِ والشَّيطانَةِ لَقِىَ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه فى سِكةٍ فقَضَى مِنها حاجَتَه والنَّاسُ يَنظُرونَ\". وقالَ: \"ألا لا يُفضيَنَّ رَجُلٌ إلَى رَجُلٍ، ولا امرأةٌ إلَى امرأةٍ، إلَّا إلَى ولَدًا أو والِدٍ\". وَقالَ الثَّالِثَةَ فنَسيتُها، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ طِيْبَ الرِّجالِ ما وُجِدَ ريحُه ولَم يَظهَرُ لَونُه، ألا إنَّ طِيبَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"وخلفه\".\n(^٢) الكَعَاب بالفتح: المرأة حين يبدو ثديها للنهود، وهى الكاعب. النهاية ٤/ ١٧٩.","vol":"14","page":351},{"text":"النساءِ ما ظَهَرَ لَونُه ولَم يوجَدْ ريحُه\" (^١).\n\n١٤٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبى السَّمحِ، عن أبى الهَيثَمِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الشِّياعُ حَرامٌ\" (^٢). قال حَنبَلٌ: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ -يَعنى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ-: ابنُ لَهيعَةَ يقولُ: الشِّياعُ (^٣). يَعنى المُفاخَرَةَ بالجِماعِ. قال: وقالَ ابنُ وهبٍ: السِّباعُ. يُريدُ جُلودَ السِّباعِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3102>بابُ إتيانِ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنِّ</span>\n\n١٤٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرًا يقولُ: إنَّ اليَهودَ يَقولونَ: إذا جامَعَ الرَّجُلُ أهلَه فى فَرجِها مِن ورائِها كان ولَدُه أحوَلَ. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٣]. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^٤). وفِى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٦٩٦) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٢٣٢). وأخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ٩٨٠ من طريق ابن وهب به، وأحمد (١١٢٣٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة عن أبى السمح به.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: السباع\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢١٦٣).","vol":"14","page":352},{"text":"حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: كانَتِ اليَهودُ تَقولُ: إذا جامَعَها (^١) مِن ورائها جاءَ الوَلَدُ أحوَلَ. فنَزَلَت. فذَكَرَ الآيَةَ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: قالَتِ اليَهودُ: إذا أتَى الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه بارِكَةً جاءَ الوَلَدُ أحوَلَ. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فنَزَلَت: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ (^٣) رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: كانَت يَهودُ (^٥) تَقولُ: مَن أتَى امرأتَه فى قُبُلِها مِن دُبُرِها كان الوَلَدُ أحوَلَ. [فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎] (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"جامع الرجل أهله\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٢٨)، ومسلم (١٤٣٥/ ١١٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٨٣). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٤٠ من طريق وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٣٥/ ١١٩).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"اليهود\".\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"فنزلت\".","vol":"14","page":353},{"text":"﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ قالوا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أخبرَنا أبو عَوانَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ أُنَيفٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: قالَتِ اليَهودُ: إنَّما يَكونُ الحَوَلُ إذا أتَى الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه مِن خَلفِها. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ مِن بَينِ يَدَيها ومِن خَلفِها ولا يأتِيها إلَّا فى المأتَى (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ وهارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢١٨). وأخرجه الحميدى (١٢٦٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٧٦)، والترمذى (٢٩٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٢٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٥/ ١١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٨٤)، والمعرفة (٤٢١٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٩٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٣٥/ ١١٩).","vol":"14","page":354},{"text":"أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: قالَتِ اليَهودُ: إذا أتَى الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه مُجَبِّيَةً (^١) كان الوَلَدُ أحوَلَ. فنَزَلَت ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾. إن شاءَ مُجَبِّيَةً، وإِن شاءَ غَيرَ مُجَبِّيَةٍ، غَيرَ أنَّ ذَلِكَ فى صِمامٍ واحِدٍ (^٢). [لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى قُدامَةَ] (^٣). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ. (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ (^٥)، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: لَمّا قَدِمَ المُهاجِرونَ المَدينَةَ تَزَوَّجوا فى الأنصارِ فكانوا يُجَبّونَهُنَّ، وكانَتِ الأنصارُ لا تَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ، فقالَتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُنَّ لِزَوجِها: حَتَّى أسأَلَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-. فأَتَته\n_________\n(^١) مجبية: معناه باركة أو كالراكعة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٨.\n(^٢) الصمام: يريد به الفرج، وإنما هو الشئ الذى يسد به الفرجة، ومنه صمام القارورة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٣٨٥، ومشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٦.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٦٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٤١ من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٣) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى الأصل بخطه على: لفظ حديث أبى قدامة\".\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٣٥/ ١١٩).\n(^٥) فى الأصل، س: \"خيثم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٢٨٠.","vol":"14","page":355},{"text":"فاستَحيَت مِنه، ثُمَّ سألَته، فدَعاها نقَرأ عَلَيها: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ صِمامًا واحِدًا (^١).\n\n١٤٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى (^٢) سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى رَوحُ ابنُ القاسِمِ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ (^٣) حَدَّثَه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ سابِطٍ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّ امراْةً دَخَلَت عَلَيها تَسأَلُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن الرَّجُلِ يأتِى المَرأَةَ مُجَبَّاةً. فدَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فاستَحيَت، فسألَ عَنها، فأَخبَرَته أُمُّ سلمةَ فقالَ: \"رُدّوها علىَّ\". فقالَ (^٤): \" ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾؛ يأتيها مُقبِلَةً ومُدبِرَةً فى سِرٍّ واحِدٍ\". يَعنِى فى ثَقْبٍ واحِدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ وأبو الحَسَنِ العَنَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأصبَغِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبانِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٩٨، ٢٦٧٠٦)، والترمذى (٢٩٧٩)، من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حدثنا جدى\".\n(^٣) فى الاصل: \"خيثم\".\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٠١) من طريق ابن خثيم به.","vol":"14","page":356},{"text":"ابنَ عُمَرَ -واللَّهُ يَغفِرُ له- وهِمَ، إنَّما كان هَذا الحَىُّ مِنَ الأنصارِ -وهُم أهلُ وثَنٍ- مَعَ هَذا الحَىِّ مِن يَهودَ -وهُم أهلُ كِتابٍ- كانوا يَرَونَ لَهُم فضلًا عَلَيهِم، فكانوا يَقتَدونَ بكَثيرٍ مِن فِعلِهِم، وكانَ مِن أمرِ أهلِ الكِتابِ أن لا يأتوا النِّساءَ إلَّا على حَرفٍ واحِدٍ، وذَلِكَ أستَرُ ما تَكُونُ المَرأَةُ، وكانَ هَذا الحَىُّ مِنَ الأنصارِ قَد أخَذوا بذَلِكَ مِن فِعلِهِم، وكانَ هَذا الحَىُّ مِن قُرَيشٍ يَشرَحونَ (^١) النِّساءَ شَرْحًا مُنكَرًا، ويَتَلَذَّذونَ مِنهُنَّ مُقبِلاتٍ ومُدبِراتٍ ومُستَلقياتٍ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ المُهاجِرونَ المَدينَةَ تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُمُ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ، فذَهَبَ يَصنَعُ بها ذَلِكَ فأَنكَرَته (^٢) عَلَيه، وقالَت: إنَّما كُنّا نُؤتَى على حَرفٍ، فاصنَعْ ذَلِكَ وإِلا فاجتَنِبْنِى. حَتَّى شَرِىَ أمرُهُما (^٣)، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾؛ مُقبِلاتٍ ومُدبِراتٍ ومُستَلقياتٍ، يَعنى بذَلِكَ مَوضِعَ الوَلَدِ (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ المُحارِبِىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ سَمِعَ أبانَ بنَ صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، وقالَ: بَعدَ أن يَكونَ فى الفَرجِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الشرح: وطء المرأة وهى مستلقية على قفاها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"فأنكرت\".\n(^٣) شَرِىَ أمرهما: ارتفع وعظم. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٦٤) عن عبد العزيز بن يحيى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٩ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن محمد به.","vol":"14","page":357},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبانٍ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قَرأتُ على ابنِ عباس القُرآنَ مَرَّتَينَ، فسألتُه عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾. فقالَ: ائتِها مِن حَيثُ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيكَ. يقولُ: مِن حَيثُ يَكونُ الحَيضُ والوَلَدُ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ مَكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ قال: تُؤتَى مُقبِلَةً ومُدبِرَةً فى الفَرجِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ﴾ يَعنى بالحَرثِ الفَرجَ، يقولُ: تأتيه كَيفَ شِئتَ؛ مُستَقبِلَةً أو مُستَدبِرَةً وعَلَى أىِّ ذَلِكَ أرَدتَ، بَعدَ ألّا تُجاوِزَ الفَرجَ إلَى غَيرِه، وهو قَولُه: ﴿مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ٢٢٢].\n\n١٤٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧٣٥، ٧٣٦ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧٤٩ من طريق ابن جريج به مطولًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير ٣/ ٧٤٦ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":358},{"text":"محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُسامَةَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ائتِ حَرثَكَ مِن حَيثُ نَباتُه (^١).\n\n١٤٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عَمِّى محمدُ ابنُ علىِّ بنِ شافِعٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أُحَيحَةَ بنِ الجُلاحِ، أو عن عمرِو بنِ فُلانِ بنِ أُحَيحَةَ بنِ الجُلاحِ -قال الشّافِعِىُّ: أنا شَكَكتُ- عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن إتيانِ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنَ، أو إتيانِ الرَّجُلِ امرأتَه فى دُبُرِها. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"حَلالٌ\". فلَمّا ولَّى الرَّجلُ دعَاه، أو أمَرَ به فدُعِىَ، فقالَ: \"كَيفَ قُلت؟ فى أىِّ الخُرْبَتَينِ؟ -أو- فى أىِّ الخُرْزَتَينِ -أو:- فى أىِّ الخُصْفَتَينِ (^٢) - أمِن دُبُرِها فى قُبُلِها؟ فنَعَم، أم (^٣) مِن دُبُرِها فى دُبُرِها؟ فلا، إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\" (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: عَمِّى ثِقَةٌ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ علىٍّ ثِقَةٌ، وقَد أخبرَنِى محمدٌ عن الأنصارِىِّ المُحَدِّثِ بها أنَّه أثنَى عَلَيه خَيرًا، وخُزَيمَةُ مِمَّن لا يَشُكُّ عالِمٌ فى ثِقَتِه؛ فلَستُ أُرَخِّصُ فيه بَل أنهَى عَنه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٠٣) من طريق يزيد عن عثمان بن كعب عن محمد بن كعب به. وابن جرير ٣/ ٧٤٨، ٧٤٩ من طريق يزيد عن الحارث بن كعب عن محمد بن كعب به.\n(^٢) الخربتان والخرزتان والخصفتان، الثلاثة بمعنًى: أى الثُّقبان. انظر النهاية ٢/ ١٨.\n(^٣) فى م: \"أما\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٩٠)، وفى المعرفة (٤٢٢٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤.","vol":"14","page":359},{"text":"١٤٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عَمِّى يَعنِى إبراهيمَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا جَدِّى محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِىِّ، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أبا عمرٍو، ما تَقولُ فى إتيانِ المَرأَةِ فى دُبُرِها؟ فقالَ: [هَذا شَيخٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ] (^١) فسَلْه. يَعنِى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ علىِّ بنِ السّائبِ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ لَم يَسمَعْ فى ذَلِكَ شَيئًا؛ قال: اللَّهُمَّ قَذَرٌ ولَو كان حَلالًا. ثُمَّ إنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ علىٍّ لَقِىَ عمرَو بنَ أُحَيحَةَ بنِ الجُلاحِ فقالَ: هَل سَمِعتَ فى إتيانِ المَرأَةِ فى دُبُرِها شَيئًا؟ فقالَ: أشهَدُ لَسَمِعتُ خُزَيمَةَ بنَ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىَّ -الَّذِى جَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَهادَتَه بشَهادَةِ رَجُلَينِ- يقولُ: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحديثِ بنَحوِه (^٢).\nولِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ السّائبِ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ:\n\n١٤٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ أبى هِلالٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ علىِّ بنِ السّائبِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ حُصَينَ بنَ مِحصَنٍ الخَطْمِيَّ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: شيخ قريش\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٩٣)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٠٨٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٤٣، وفى المشكل (٦١٣٢) من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد الشافعى به.","vol":"14","page":360},{"text":"حَدَّثَه، أظنُّه (^١) أنَّ هَرَمِىَّ الخَطْمِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ خُزَيمَةَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، فلا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحُصَينِ الخَطمِىِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ قَيسٍ الخَطمِىِّ، عن هَرَمِىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ خُزَيمَةَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أعجازِهِنَّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُسامَةَ بنِ الهادِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن هَرَمِىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الواقِفِىِّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\" (^٤). قَصَّرَ به ابنُ الهادِ فلَم يَذكُرْ فيه عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ عمرٍو.\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٨٩)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠٠)، من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٥٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٨٦). من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٣٦٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٣٧٤٣) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.","vol":"14","page":361},{"text":"ورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ الهادِ فأَخطأ فى إسنادِه:\n\n١٤٢٣٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\" (^١). أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: غَلِطَ سفيانُ فى حَديثِ ابنِ الهادِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: مَدارُ هَذا الحديث على هَرَمِىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ولَيسَ لِعُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ فيه أصلٌ إلا مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ يَرَونَه خَطأً، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِىُّ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ -واللَّفظُ لِلحَضرَمِىِّ- قالا: حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ صاحِبُ الكَرابيسِ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ ابنُ قَيسٍ، عن هَرَمِىٍّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال:\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٤٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٥٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٨٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة ٥/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦، وينظر البدر المنير ٧/ ٦٥٩.","vol":"14","page":362},{"text":"\" [استَحيوا فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى] (^١) مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عمرِو ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هَرَمِىٍّ، عن خُزَيمَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أعجازِهِنَّ\" (^٣). غَلِطَ حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ فى اسمِ الرَّجُلِ؛ فقَلَبَ اسمَه اسمَ (^٤) أبيهِ.\n\n١٤٢٣٦ - وقَد رَواه مُثَنَى بنُ صَبّاحٍ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن هَرَمِىِّ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَحيِى مِنَ الحَقِّ، لا تأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ\". أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\nولِعَمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ:\n\n١٤٢٣٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"استحوا فإن اللَّه لا يستحى\". وكتب فى الحاشية: \"بخطه: استحيوا، وبخطه أيضًا: لا يستحيى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٥٧ من طريق وهيب بن خالد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٥٤)، والطبرانى (٣٧٣٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن ماجه (١٩٢٤)، والطبرانى (٣٧٣٤) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"باسم\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: باسم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٨٨)، والطبرانى (٣٧٣٣) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به.","vol":"14","page":363},{"text":"شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تِلكَ اللّوطيَّةُ الصُّغرَى\". يَعنِى إتيانَ المَرأَةِ فى دُبُرِها (^١).\n\n١٤٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنِ صُبَيح الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مُخَلَّدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَى رَجُلٍ يومَ القيامَةِ أتَى امرأةً (^٢) فى دُبُرِها\" (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةِ وُهَيبٍ: \"لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَى رَجُلٍ يأتِى (^٤) امرأتَه فى دُبُرِها\".\n\n١٤٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَكيمٍ الأثرَمِ، عن أبى تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أتَى كاهِنًا فصَدَّقَه بما يقولُ، ومَن أتَى امرأةً فى دُبُرِها، ومَن أتَى امرأةً\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٣٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٠٦، ٦٩٦٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٩٧) من طريق همام به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"امرأته\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٨٧) بالإسناد الأول، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٩٥٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٨٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠١٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٦٢)، وابن ماجه (١٩٢٣) من طرق عن سهيل به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٩٤).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"أتى\".","vol":"14","page":364},{"text":"حائضًا، فقَد بَرِئَ مِمّا أنزَلَ اللَّهُ على محمدٍ -ﷺ-\" (^١). تابَعَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ القُمِّىُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى المُغيرَةِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ عُمَرُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هَلَكتُ. قال: \"وما الذِى أهلَكَكَ؟ \". قال: حَوَّلتُ رَحلِى اللَّيلَةَ. فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيه شَيئًا، ثُمَّ أُوحِىَ إلَيه: \" ﴿نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ﴾ أقبِلْ وأَدبِرْ واتَّقِ الدُّبُرَ والحَيضَةَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عيسَى بنِ حِطّانَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ طَلقٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يأتوا النِّساءَ فى أدبارِهِنَّ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَستَجى (^٤) مِنَ الحَقِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى ٢/ ٦٣٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٢٩٠)، وأبو داود (٣٩٠٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠١٦)، وابن ماجه (٦٣٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٣٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠١٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٣)، والترمذى (٢٩٨٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠٢) من طريق يعقوب به.\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"يستحيى\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٨٨). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٢٥)، وابن حبان (٢٢٣٧) =","vol":"14","page":365},{"text":"١٤٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الصَّلتِ بنِ بَهرامَ، عن أبى المُعتَمِرِ، عن أبى الجوَيريَةِ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ عَليًّا -﵁- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: سَفِلتَ سَفَلَ اللَّهُ بكَ، أما سَمِعتَ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٨٠].\nوالصَّوابُ: عن الصَّلتِ بنِ بَهرامَ، عن أبى الجوَيريَةِ، وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَسعودٍ (^١) العَبدِىُّ، عن أبى المُعتَمِرِ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ عَليًّا -﵁- وهو على المِنبَرِ عن إتيانِ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنَ. فذَكَرَه. كَذَلِكَ روَاه أبو أُسامَةَ وغَيرُه عن الصَّلتِ بنِ بَهرامَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَسعودٍ العَبدِىِّ، عن أبى المُعتَمِرِ:\n\n١٤٢٤٣ - وهو فيما أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إجازَةً، أنَّ أبا علىٍّ الحافظَ أخبَرَهُم قال: أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَرْمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّقَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو القَعقاعِ قال: شَهِدتُ\n_________\n= من طريق عاصم به.\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: كذا كان فى كتابهما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٦٤)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٧٣ من طرق عن الصلت به.","vol":"14","page":366},{"text":"القادِسيةَ وأَنا غُلامٌ أو يافِعٌ. قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ: آتِى امرأتِى كَيفَ شِئتُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قالَ: وحَيثُ شِئتُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: وأَنَّى شِئتُ؟ قال: نَعَم. ففَطِنَ له رَجُلٌ، فقالَ: إنَه يُريدُ أن يأتيَها فى مَقعَدَتِها. فقالَ: لا، مَحاشُّ (^١) النِّساءِ عَلَيكُم حَرامٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَعيبُ النِّكَاحَ فى الدُّبُرِ عَيبًا شَديدًا (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قال: سألتُ سعيدًا عن الرَّجُلِ يأتِى المَرأَةَ فى دُبُرِها، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ ابنِ وَسّاجٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: وهَل يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا كافِرٌ (^٤)؟\n_________\n(^١) المَحاشّ: جمع مَحشّة، وهى الدُّبر. ينظر الفائق فى غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٣٧٠ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٥٩) عن ابن علية به. والدارمى (١١٧٧) من طريق أبى عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (١١٧٨) من طريق وهيب به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٧٤٨ من طريق داود بن أبى هند بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٩٥٧) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (٦٩٦٨) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"14","page":367},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3103>بابُ الاستِمناءِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ (٥) إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ (٦) فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٥ - ٧]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فلا يَحِلُّ العَمَلُ بالذَّكَرِ إلَّا فى زَوجَةٍ أو فى مِلكِ يَمينٍ، ولا يَحِلُّ الاستِمناءُ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا حاجِبُ ابنُ أحمدَ الطوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِىِّ، عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الخَضخَضَةِ (^٢) قال: نِكاحُ الأمَةِ خَيرٌ مِنه، وهو خَيرٌ مِنَ الزِّنى (^٣).\nهَذا مُرسَلٌ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٤٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأجلَحُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ غُلامًا (^٤) أتَاه، فجَعَلَ القَومُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٩٤.\n(^٢) الخَضْخَضة: الاستمناء، وهو استنزال المنىّ فى غير الفرج، وأصل الخضخضة التحريك، يقال: خضخض الماء فى الإناء، والسكين فى بطنه. الفائق فى غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٨٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٨٨ - ١٣٥٩٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٣٦٧٠) من طرق عن ابن عباس.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"رجلا\"، وكذا فى الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"غلاما\".","vol":"14","page":368},{"text":"يَقومونَ والغُلامُ جالِسٌ، فقالَ له بَعضُ القَومِ: قُمْ يا غُلامُ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: دَعوه، شَئٌ ما أجلَسَه. فلَمّا خَلا قال: يا ابنَ عباسٍ إنِّى غُلامٌ شابٌّ أجِدُ غُلْمَةً (^١) شَديدَةً، فأَدلُكُ ذَكَرِى حَتَّى أُنزِلَ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: خَيرٌ مِنَ الزِّنى، ونِكاحُ الأمَةِ خَيرٌ مِنه.\n_________\n(^١) الغلمة: شدة شهوة الجماع. ينظر القاموس المحيط (غ ل م).","vol":"14","page":369},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3104>جماعُ أبوابِ الأنكِحَةِ التى نُهِىَ عَنها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3105>بابُ الشِّغارِ</span>\n\n١٤٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، أنَّ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ أخبَرَه. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا مالكٌ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الشِّغارِ. والشِّغارُ أن يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابنَتَه على أن يُزَوِّجَه الرَّجُلُ الآخَرُ ابنَتَه ولَيس بَينَهُما صَداقٌ. ولَم يَذكُرْ يَحيَى الرَّجُلَ الآخَرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٩١) بالإسناد الثالث، والمعرفة (٤٢٢٧) بالإسناد الثانى. والشافعى ٥/ ٧٦، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٢٦، ٥٢٨٩)، وأبو داود (٢٠٧٤)، والترمذى (١١٢٤)، والنسائى (٣٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١١٢)، ومسلم (١٤١٥/ ٥٧).","vol":"14","page":370},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الشِّغارِ. قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: ما الشِّغارُ؟ قال: يَنكِحُ ابنَةَ الرَّجُلِ ويُنكِحُه ابنَتَه بغَيرِ صَداقٍ، ويَنكِحُ أُختَ الرَّجُلِ ويُنكِحُه أُختَه بغَيرِ صَداقٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\nوروَاه أيضًا أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ السَّرّاجُ عن نافِعٍ دونَ التَّفسيرِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٥١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ وأبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الشِّغارِ. زادَ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ: والشِّغارُ أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: زَوِّجْنِى ابنَتَكَ وأُزَوِّجُكَ ابنَتِى، وزَوِّجْنِى أُختَكَ وأُزَوِّجُكَ أُختِى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٠٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٩٢)، والنسائى (٣٣٣٤) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩٦٠)، ومسلم (١٤١٥/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٩١٨)، ومسلم (١٤١٥/ ٦٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٧٤)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (١٨٨٤) عن أبى أسامة -وحده- به.\nوأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٤٣، ٩٦٦٧) عن أبى أسامة وابن نمير به. والنسائى (٣٣٣٨) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.","vol":"14","page":371},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^١)، ورَواه عبدَةُ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وزادَ فيه: ولا صَداقَ بَينَهُما (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- يقولُ: نَهَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن الشِّغارِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٥٣ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا نافِعُ ابنُ (^٥) يَزيدَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَهُم، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الشِّغارِ. والشِّغارُ أن يَنكِحَ هذه بهَذِه بغَيرِ صَداقٍ؛ بُضعُ هذه صَداقُ هذه، وبُضعُ هذه صَداقُ هَذِهِ.\n\n١٤٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤١٦/ ٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٤١٦/. . .) من طريق عبدة به. وأحال على الموضع السابق، وليس فيه هذه الزيادة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٤٨) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤١٧).\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٩٦.","vol":"14","page":372},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا شِغارَ فى الإسلامِ\" (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢). وأَولادُ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ عن آبائهِم، عن وائلٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجُ، أنَّ العباسَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ العباسِ أنكَحَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الحَكَمِ ابنَتَه، وأَنكَحَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنَتَه، وكانا جُعِلا صَداقًا، فكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ إلَى مَروانَ يأمُرُه بالتَّفريقِ بَينَهُما، وقالَ فى كِتابِه: هَذا الشِّغارُ الَّذِى نَهَى عنه رسولُ اللَّه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3106>بابُ نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ\n_________\n(^١) حديث يحيى بن معين (١٣٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٦٦٩٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٠٣٢)، والترمذى فى العلل (٤٨٢)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٥)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠١٢) من طريق عمرو به. وهو طرف من الحديث المتقدم فى (٧٤٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحارث (٢٨٩ - بغية)، والبزار (٤٤٨٧)، والطبرانى فى الصغير ٢/ ١٤٣ - ١٤٥ بإسناد مسلسل بالآباء عن وائل. وعند البزار والطبرانى بزيادة: عن أمه أم يحيى. قبل وائل بن حجر.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٠٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٥٦)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٣) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"14","page":373},{"text":"سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا نَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولَيسَ معنا نِساءٌ، فقُلنا: ألا نَستَخصِى (^١)؟ فنَهانا (^٢) عن ذَلِكَ، ورَخَّصَ لَنا أن نَنكِحَ المرأَةَ بالثَّوبِ إلَى أجَلٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عثمانَ. وفِى حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ: ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لَنا فى أن نتَزَوَّجَ المرأَةَ بالثَّوبِ إلَى أجَلٍ. ثُمَّ قرأَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٧] الآيَةَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يقولُ: كُنّا نَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولَيسَ معنا نِساءٌ، فأَرَدنا أن نَختَصِىَ فنَهانا عن ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لَنا أن نَنكِحَ المَرأَةَ إلَى أجَلٍ بالشَّئِ (^٥). زادَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ فى رِوايَتِه بإِسنادِه قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"نختصى\".\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"رسول اللَّه -ﷺ-\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٧٠٦، ٣٩٨٦) عن يزيد ومحمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٦١٥، ٥٠٧١، ٥٠٧٥)، ومسلم (١٤٠٤).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣١)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٤٨)، والحميدى (١٠٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":374},{"text":"الشّافِعِىُّ: ذَكَرَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ الإرخاصَ فى نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ، ولَم يُوَقِّتْ شَيئًا يَدُلُّ أهو قَبلَ خَيبَرَ أو بَعدَها، وأَشبَهَ حَديثُ على بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- فى نَهىِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عن المُتعَةِ أن يَكونَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، ناسِخًا لَه (^١).\n\n١٤٢٥٨ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوِىَ فى حَديثِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: كُنّا ونَحنُ شَبابٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: كُنّا ونَحنُ شَبابٌ فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ألا نَستَخصِى (^٢)؟ قال: \"لا\". ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لَنا أن نَنكِحَ المَرأَةَ بالثَّوبِ إلَى أجَلٍ. ثُمَّ قرأَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ﴾ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى هذه الرِّوايَةِ ما دَلَّ على كَونِ ذَلِكَ قَبلَ فتحِ خَيبَرَ، أو قَبلَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ، فإِنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- توُفِّىَ سنةَ اثنَتَينِ وثَلاثينَ مِنَ الهِجرَةِ، وكانَ يَومَ ماتَ ابنَ بضعٍ وسِتّينَ سنةً، وكانَ الفَتحُ فتحُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة ٥/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٢) فى م: \"نختصى\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦١٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١١٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤١٤٢) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٤/ ١٢).","vol":"14","page":375},{"text":"خَيبَرَ فى سنةِ سَبعٍ مِنَ الهِجرَةِ، وفَتحُ مَكَّةَ فى (^١) سنةِ ثَمانٍ، فعَبدُ اللَّهِ زَمَنَ (^٢) الفَتحِ كان ابنَ أربَعينَ سنةً أو قَريبًا مِنها، والشَّبابُ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ.\nوقَد نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n\n١٤٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ ابنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَهُم، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ والحَسَنِ ابنَيْ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ [وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا] (^٣): حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ. (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ والحَسَنِ ابنَيْ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيهما، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وعن أكلِ لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الإِنسيَّةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. وفى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: نَهَى يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ، وعن لُحومِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٧، م.\n(^٢) فى م: \"سنة\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى الأصل بخطه على: وأبو زكريا. إلى قوله: قالوا وكتب: قال\".","vol":"14","page":376},{"text":"الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ. ورَواه مسلمٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ، وعن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلة عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن الحَسَنِ وعَبدِ اللَّه ابنَيْ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيهِما، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قيلَ له: إنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- لا يَرَى بمُتعَةِ النِّساءِ بأسًا. فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عَنها يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وعن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الإِنسيَّةِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٦١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيهما، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال لابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: إنَّه (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٤٢، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٧٩٤)، والنسائى (٣٣٦٦)، وابن ماجه (١٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٤١٤٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢١٦، ٥٥٢٣)، ومسلم (١٤٠٧/ ٢٩، ٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٦٥) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٩٦١)، ومسلم (١٤٠٧/ ٣١).\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: إنك\".","vol":"14","page":377},{"text":"رَجُل تائهٌ، أما عَلِمتَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُتعَةِ وعن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ (^١)؟!. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وزادَ فى آخِرِ الحديثِ: زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن جَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\nوابنُ عُيَينَةَ يَذهَبُ فى رِوايَةِ الحُمَيدِىِّ عنه إلَى أنَّ هَذا التّاريخَ إنَّما هو فى النَّهىِ عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ لا فى النَّهىِ عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ.\n\n١٤٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستوُيه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، حدثنا حَسَن وعَبدُ اللَّهِ ابنا محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، وكانَ حَسَنٌ أرضَى مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيهِما، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال لابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: إنَّكَ امرُؤٌ تائهٌ، إنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ وعن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ. قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى أنَّه نَهَى عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ، لا يَعنِى نِكاحَ المُتعَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الَّذِى قالَه سفيانُ مُحتَمِلٌ، فلَولا مَعرِفَةُ علىِّ ابنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- بنَسخِ نِكاحِ المتعَةِ، وأَنَّ النَّهىَ عنه كان البَتَّةَ بَعدَ الرُّخصةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٩٤)، وابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٣٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٢)، والترمذى (١١٢١، ١٧٩٤)، والنسائى (٤٣٤٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١١٥)، ومسلم (١٤٠٧/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٧، والحميدى (٣٧)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٢٦٤)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ٩٠، ٩١.","vol":"14","page":378},{"text":"لمَا [أنكَرَ به] (^١) على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. ورُوِىَ عن (^٢) ابنِ عُمَرَ تَحريمُها يَومَ خَيبَرَ.\n\n١٤٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن المُتعَةِ فقالَ: حَرامٌ. قال: فإِنَّ فُلانًا يقولُ فيها. فقالَ: واللَّهِ لَقَد عَلِمَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَرَّمَها يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وما كُنّا مُسافِحينَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أذِنَ فى نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ زَمَنَ الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ حَرَّمَها إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n\n١٤٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبْرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أنكره\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٨٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٥، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٦٨٠ من طريق ابن وهب به. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٤٦ من طريق عمر بن محمد به.","vol":"14","page":379},{"text":"الجُهَنِىِّ، عن أبيه سَبْرَةَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: أذِنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمتعَةِ، فانطَلَقتُ أنا ورَجُلٌ إلَى امرأةٍ مِن بَنِى عامِرٍ كأنَّها بَكْرَةٌ عَيطاءُ (^١) فعَرَضنا عَلَيها أنفُسَنا، فقالَت: ما تُعطينِى؟ فقُلتُ: رِدائى. وقالَ صاحِبِى: رِدائى. وكانَ رِداءُ صاحِبِى أجوَدَ مِن رِدائى، وكُنتُ أشَبَّ مِنه؛ فإِذا نَظَرَت إلَى رِداءِ صاحِبِى أعجَبَها، وإِذا نَظَرَت إلَىَّ أعجَبتُها، ثُمَّ قالَت: أنتَ ورِداؤُكَ تَكفينِى. فكُنتُ مَعَها ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كان عِندَه شَئٌ مِن هذه النِّساءِ التى يَتَمَتَّعُ بهِنَّ فلْيُخَلِّ سَبيلَها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣). ولَم يَذكُرِ اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ تاريخَه، وقَد ذَكَرَه غَيرُه.\n\n١٤٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ. (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا بشرُ ابنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سَبرَةَ، أنَّ أباه غَزا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ قال: فأَقَمنا بها [خَمسَ عَشرَةَ] (^٤)؛ ثَلاثينَ بَينَ لَيلَةٍ ويَومٍ قال: فَأَذِنَ لَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ، فخَرَجتُ أنا ورَجُلٌ مِن قَومِى ولِى عَلَيه فضلٌ فى الجَمالِ، وهو قَريبٌ مِنَ الدَّمامَةِ، مَعَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنّا\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"عيظاء\". وبكرة: شابة، والعيطاء: هى الطويلة العنق فى اعتدال، وقيل: الحسنة القوية. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٧، والنهاية ١/ ١٤٩، ٣/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٦٨) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٥٣٤٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ١٩).\n(^٤) فى م: \"خمسًا و\".","vol":"14","page":380},{"text":"بُردٌ؛ أمّا بُردِى خَلَقٌ (^١)، وأَمّا بُردُ ابنِ عَمِّى فبُردٌ جَديدٌ غَضٌّ، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بأَسفَلِ مَكَّةَ أو بأَعلاها فتَلَقَّتنا فتاةٌ مِثلُ البَكرَةِ العَنَطْنَطَةِ (^٢)، فقُلنا: هَل لَكِ أن يَستَمتِعَ مِنكِ أحَدُنا؟ قالَت: وما تَبذُلانِ؟ قال: فنَشَرَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنّا بُردَه، فجَعَلَت تَنظُرُ إلَى الرَّجُلَينِ، فإِذا رآها صاحِبِى تَنظُرُ إلَىَّ عَطَفَها (^٣) وقالَ: إنَّ بُردَ هَذا خَلَقٌ مَحٌّ (^٤)، وبُردِى جَديدٌ غَضٌّ. فتَقولُ: وبُردُ هَذا لا بأسَ به. ثَلاثَ مِرارٍ (^٥) أو مَرَّتَينِ، ثُمَّ استَمتَعتُ مِنها، فلَم نَخرُجْ حَتَّى حَرَّمَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ (^٧).\n\n١٤٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا عبدُ الملِكِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ الملِكِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبْرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمتعَةِ عامَ الفَتحِ حينَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فخلق\". والخَلَق: القريب من البالى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٩/ ١٨٥.\n(^٢) العَنَطْنَطَة: أى الطويلة العنق فى اعتدال. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٢.\n(^٣) كذا ضبطت فى الأصل. وضبطت فى صحيح مسلم: \"إلى عِطْفِها\".\n(^٤) مح: أى بالٍ. النهاية ١٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٥) فى م: \"مرات\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٤٨) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٥٣٤٦) من طريق عمارة بن غزية به.\n(^٧) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٠).","vol":"14","page":381},{"text":"دَخَلنا مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ لَم نَخرُجْ مِنها حَتَّى نَهانا (^١) عَنه (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ، رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، حَدَّثَنى أبى عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبى رَبيعَ بنَ سَبرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه سَبرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عامَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ أمَرَ أصحابَه بالتَّمَتُعِ مِنَ النِّساءِ، فخَرَجتُ أنا وصاحِبٌ محد مِن بَنِى سُلَيمٍ حَتَّى وجَدْنا جاريَةً مِن بَنى عامِرٍ كأنَّها بكرَةٌ عَيطاءُ، فخَطَبناها إلَى نَفسِها وعَرَضْنا عَلَيها بُردَينا، فجَعَلَت تَنظُرُ فتَرانِى أجمَلَ مِن صاحِبِى، وتَرَى بُردَ صاحِبِى أحسَنَ. مِن بُردِى، فآمَرَت نَفسَها ساعَةً ثُمَّ اختارَتنِى على صاحِبِى، فكُنَّ معنا ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بفِراقِهِنَّ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. رَواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"نهى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٥٣٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وأحمد (١٥٣٤٣) من طريق عبد الملك بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٥٩)، وابن شاهين فى ناسخه (٤٢٦) من طريق محمد بن عبد الحكم به. والبغوى فى معجم الصحابة (١١٨٣) من طريق حرملة به. وأبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٢٥٧) من طريق عبد العزيز به.","vol":"14","page":382},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٤٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبَىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ ابنِ هانِئٍ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن ابنِ أبى عَبلَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن المُتعَةِ وقالَ: \"إنَّها حَرامٌ مِن يَومِكُم هَذا إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَن كان أعطَى شَيئًا فلا يأخُذْه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، ولَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ عبدانَ قَولَه: \"ومَن كان أعطَى\" إلَى آخِرِه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قائمًا بَينَ الرُّكنِ والبابِ وهو يقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى كُنتُ أذِنتُ لَكُم فى الاستِمتاعِ، ألا وإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَها إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؛ فمَن كان عِندَه مِنهُنَّ شَئٌ فليُخَلِّ سَبيلَها، ولا تأخُذوا ممّا آتيتُموهُنَّ شَيئًا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٥٠) من طريق الحسن بن محمد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٨).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٣٤)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٩٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٥١)، والنسائى فى =","vol":"14","page":383},{"text":"أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ دونَ ذِكرِ التّاريخِ فيه (^٢).\nورَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ وأبو نُعَيمٍ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ مُؤَرَّخًا بحَجَّةِ الوَداعِ:\n\n١٤٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدَّثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه أنَّهُم خَرَجوا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ حَتَّى نَزَلوا بعُسْفانَ، فقامَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى مُدْلِجٍ يُقالُ له: سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكٍ، أو مالكُ بنُ سُراقَةَ. فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اقض قَضاءً كأنَّما وُلِدوا اليَومَ. قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ أدخَلَ عَلَيكُم فى حَجَّتِكُم هذه عُمرَةً؛ فإذا أنتُم قَدِمتُم فمَن تَطَوَّفَ بالبَيتِ وبَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ يَحِلُّ إلَّا مَن كان مَعَه مِنَ الهَدىِ\". فلَمّا أحلَلنا قال: \"استَمتِعوا مِن هذه النِّساءِ\". والاستِمتاعُ عِندَنا التَّزويجُ، فعَرَضنا ذَلِكَ على النِّساءِ فأَبَينَ إلَّا أن يَضرِبنَ بَينَنا وبَينَهُنَّ أجَلًا، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"افعَلوا\". فخَرَجتُ أنا وابنُ عَمٍّ لِي مَعِى بُردٌ ومَعَه بُردٌ، وبُردُه أجوَدُ مِن بُردِى، وأَنا أشَبُّ مِنه، فأَتَينا\n_________\n= الكبرى (٥٥٤٢)، وابن حبان (٤١٤٧) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عمر به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٠٦/. . .).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢١) من طريق ابن نمير به.","vol":"14","page":384},{"text":"امرأةً فأَعجَبَها بُردُه وأَعجَبَها شَبابِى؛ إذ قالَت: بُردٌ كَبُردٍ. فكانَ الأجَلُ بَينِى وبَينَها عَشرًا، فبِتُّ عِندَها لَيلَةً فأَصبَحتُ فخَرَجتُ، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قائمٌ بَينَ الرُّكنِ والمَقامِ وهو يقولُ: \"يا أيُها النّاسُ، كُنتُ أذِنتُ لَكُم فى الاستِمتاعِ مِن هذه النِّساءِ، ألا وإِنِّى قَد حَرَّمتُ ذَلِكَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؛ فمَن بَقِىَ عِندَه مِنهُنَّ شَئٌ فليُخَلِّ سَبيلَها، ولا تأخُذوا ممّا آتَيتُموهُنَّ شَيئًا\" (^١).\n\n١٤٢٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى الرَّبيعُ بنُ سَبرَةَ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه أنَّهُم ساروا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى بَلَغوا عُسْفانَ، فكَلَّمَه رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأكابِرِ؛ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (^٣) والثَّورِىُّ (^٤) وغَيرُهُما عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وهو وهْمٌ مِنه؛ فرِوايَةُ الجُمهورِ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٩٦). وأخرجه ابن قانع فى معجمه ١/ ٣٠٣ عن الحربى به. وأبو عوانة (٤٠٨٦)، والطبرانى (٦٥١٣)، وعنه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٢٥٥) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٥). وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٤١) عن جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٨٧، ٤٠٨٨)، وابن شاهين فى الناسخ والمنسوخ (٤٢٠، ٤٢١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٨٩)، والطبرانى (٦٥١٥)، وابن شاهين فى الناسخ والمنسوخ (٤١٩) من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"14","page":385},{"text":"ذَلِكَ كان زَمَنَ الفَتحِ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى يَومَ الفَتحِ عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روَاه صالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الزُّهرِىُّ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ فى أصَحِّ الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه:\n\n١٤٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ (^٥). رَواه مسلم عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٦). ورَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخط المؤلف مقدم وسيأتى فيما بعد: وكذلك رواه الزهرى عن الربيع بن سبرة فى أصح الروايتين عنه\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٣٧) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به. وأبو داود (٢٠٧٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٤٦) من طريق معمر به. وابن حبان (٤١٤٦) من طريق الزهرى به. وليس عند أبى داود والنسائى تعيين عام الفتح.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٦) من طريق صالح به.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٥٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٤).","vol":"14","page":386},{"text":"عن سُفيانَ وزادَ فيه: عامَ الفَتحِ:\n\n١٤٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الرَّبيعُ بنُ سَبرَةَ: عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ عامَ الفَتحِ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٧٥ - وروَاه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ: فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٢). أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كُنا عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ فتَذاكَرنا مُتعَةَ النِّساءِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: رَبيعُ بنُ سَبرَةَ. أشهَدُ على أبى أنَّه حَدَّثَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عَنها فى حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣). كَذا قال، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ أولَى. وحَديثُ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ -﵁- فى الإذنِ فيه ثُمَّ النَّهىِ عنه موافِقٌ لحَديثِ سَبرَةَ ابنِ مَعبَدٍ:\n\n١٤٢٧٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٨٤٦). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٢٥٨) من طريق بشر بن موسى به. وسعيد بن منصور (٨٤٧)، والدارمى (٢٢٤٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"الإسلام\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٠٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٣٨) من طريق عبد الوارث به، وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٤٧): شاذ.","vol":"14","page":387},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّه. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ عامَ أَوْطاسٍ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنها بَعدُ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن يونُسَ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\nوعامُ أَوْطاسٍ وعامُ الفَتحِ واحِدٌ؛ فأَوْطاسٌ وإِن كانَت بَعدَ الفَتحِ فكانَت فى عامِ الفَتحِ بَعدَه بيَسيرٍ، فما نُهِىَ عنه عامَئذٍ لا فرقَ بَينَ أن يُنسَبَ إلَى عامِ أحَدِهِما أو إلَى الآخَرِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ سَبرَةَ بنِ مَعبَدٍ ما دَلَّ على أنَّ الإذنَ فيه كان ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ وقَعَ التَّحريمُ كَهو فى رِوايَةِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ؛ فرِوايَتُهُما تَرجِعانِ إلَى وقتٍ واحِدٍ، ثُمَّ إن كان الإِذنُ فى رِوايَةِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، بَعدَ الفَتحِ فى غَزوَةِ أَوْطاسٍ، فقَد نُقِلَ نَهيُه عَنها بَعدَ الإِذنِ فيها، ولَم يَثبُتِ الإِذنُ فيها بَعدَ غَزوَةِ أَوْطاسٍ، فبَقِىَ تَحريمُها إلَى الأبَدِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. فإِن زَعَمَ زاعِمٌ أنَّه: نُهِىَ. بضَمِّ النّونِ وكَسرِ الهاءِ، وأَنَّ المُرادَ بالنّاهِى فى حَديثِ سلَمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ -﵁-، فالمحفوظُ عِندَنا: ثُمَّ نَهَى. بفَتحِ الهاءِ والنّونِ، ورأيتُه فى كِتابِ بَعضِهِم بالألِفِ: ثُمَّ نَها عَنها بَعدُ. على أَنَّه وإِن كانَتِ الرِّوايَةُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤١٥١) من طريق يونس بن محمد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠٥/ ١٨).","vol":"14","page":388},{"text":"نُهِىَ. بضمِّ النّونِ وكَسرِ الهاءِ فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بالنّاهِى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ويَحتَمِلُ عُمَرَ -﵁-، ورِوايَةُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ سَبرَةَ عن أبيه قاطِعَةٌ بأَنَّ النّاهِىَ عَنها فى هَذا العامِ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ فتَكونُ أولَى مِن رِوايَةِ مَن أبهَمَه.\n\n١٤٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى جَمرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- سُئلَ عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ، فقالَ مَولًى له: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ فى الجِهادِ والنِّساءُ قَليل. قال: فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: صَدَقَ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ وابنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى جَمرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ وسُئلَ عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ، فرَخَّصَ فيها، فقالَ له مَولًى له: إنَّما كان ذلكَ وفِى النِّساءِ قِلَّة والحالُ شَديدٌ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: نَعَم (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٩٦٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١١٦).","vol":"14","page":389},{"text":"الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- قامَ بمَكَّةَ فقالَ: إنَّ ناسًا أعمَى اللَّهُ قُلوبَهُم كما أعمَى أبصارَهُم يُفتونَ بالمُتعَةِ. ويُعَرضُ بالرَّجُلِ، فناداه فقالَ: إنَّكَ جِلفٌ جافٍ، فلَعَمرِى لَقَد كانَتِ المُتعَةُ تُفعَلُ فى عَهدِ إمامِ المُتَّقينَ. يُريدُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: فجَرِّبْ بنَفسِكَ، فواللَّهِ لَئن فعَلتَها لأرجُمَنَكَ بأَحجارِكَ.\nقال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فأَخبَرَنِي خالِدُ بنُ المُهاجِرِ بنِ سَيفِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه بَينَما هو جالِسٌ عِندَ رَجُلٍ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فاستَفتاه فى المُتعَةِ، فقالَ له ابنُ أبى عَمْرَةَ الأنصارِىُّ: مَهلًا. قال: ما هِىَ؟ واللَّهِ لَقَد فُعِلَت فى عَهدِ إمامِ المُتَّقينَ. قال ابنُ أبى عَمْرَةَ: إنَّها كانَتْ رُخصةً فى أوَّلِ الإسلامِ لمن يُضطَرُّ إلَيها؛ كالمَيتَةِ والدَّمِ ولَحمِ الخِنزيرِ، ثُمَّ أحكَمَ اللَّهُ الدّينَ ونَهَى عَنها.\nقال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى الرَّبيعُ بنُ سَبرَةَ الجُهَنىُّ أنَّ أباه قال: قَد كُنتُ استَمتَعتُ فى عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِى عامِرٍ ببُردَينِ أحمَرَينِ، ثُمَّ نَهانا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُتعَةِ.\nقال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وسَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سَبرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأَنا جالِسٌ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٢٦١) من طريق محمد بن الحسن به بطوله. وأبو عوانة (٤٠٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب به بطوله. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٢٧٢ - ١٤٢٧٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠٦/ ٢٧).","vol":"14","page":390},{"text":"١٤٢٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: يُعَرِّضُ بابنِ عباسٍ.\nوَزادَ فى آخِرِه: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ كان يُفتِى بالمُتعَةِ، ويُغمِصُ (^١) ذَلِكَ عَلَيه أهلُ العِلمِ، فأَبَى ابنُ عباسٍ أن يَنتَكِلَ (^٢)، عن ذَلِكَ حَتَّى طَفِقَ بَعضُ الشُّعَراءِ يقولُ:\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... يا صاحِ هَل لكَ فَى فُتيا ابنِ عباسِ\nهَل لَكَ فى ناعِمٍ خَوْدٍ (^٣) مُبَتَّلَةٍ ... تكونُ مَثواكَ حَتَّى مَصدَرِ النّاسِ\nقال: فازدادَ أهلُ العِلمِ بها قَذَرًا ولَها بُغضًا حينَ قيلَ فيها الأشعارُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٨١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ ابنِ عُمارَةَ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: ماذا صَنَعتَ؟ ذَهَبَتِ الرَّكائبُ بفُتياكَ وقالَت فيه الشُّعَراءُ! فقالَ: وما\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"يعمص\"، وفى س: \"يعمض\". ويغمص: يطعن. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٦.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يتنكل\". ونكل الرجل نكَلا: جبن وتأخر. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) الخَوْد: هى الفتاة الشابة الجميلة. تاج العروس ٨/ ٦٧ (خ ود).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٥٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٠٤، ١٠٥ من طريق يونس به. مقتصرًا على ذكر الزيادة.","vol":"14","page":391},{"text":"قالوا؟ قال: قال الشّاعِرُ:\nأقولُ لِلشَّيخِ لَمّا طالَ مَجلِسُه ... يا صاحِ هَل لَكَ فى فُتيا ابنِ عباسِ\nيا صاحِ هَل لَكَ فى بَيضاءَ بَهْكَنَةٍ (^١) ... تَكونُ مَثواكَ حَتَّى مَصدَرِ النّاسِ\nوفِى رِوايَةِ أبى خالِدٍ عن المِنهالِ:\nقَد قُلتُ لِلشَّيخِ لَمّا طالَ مَجلِسُه\nوقالَ فى البَيتِ الآخَرِ:\nهَل لَكَ فى رَخْصَةِ (^٢) الأطرافِ آنِسَةٍ (^٣)\nفقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ما هَذا أرَدتُ، وما بهَذا أفتَيتُ [فى المُتعَةِ] (^٤) إنَّ المُتعَةَ لا تَحِلُّ إلَّا لمضطَرٍّ، ألا إنَّما هِىَ كالمَيتَةِ والدَّمِ ولَحمِ الخِنزيرِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِىُّ ثُمَّ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البَهْكَنة: هى الجارية الخفيفة الطيبة الرائحة المليحة الحلوة. تاج العروس ٣٤/ ٢٩٢ (بهكن).\n(^٢) رخصة الأطراف: لينة ناعمة. ينظر تاج العروس ١٧/ ٥٩٤ (ر خ ص).\n(^٣) آنسة: أى طيبة الحديث. تاج العروس ١٥/ ٤١٣ (أ ن س).\n(^٤) ليس فى: الأصل.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ١٤١ من طريق أبى خالد به. وأبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٠٥، والفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (١٧١٢)، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٩٣)، والطبرانى (١٠٦٠١) من طريق المنهال به.","vol":"14","page":392},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن خَتَنِه، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال فى المُتعَةِ: هِىَ حَرامٌ كالمَيتَةِ والدَّمِ ولَحمِ الخِنزيرِ (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ الوَليدِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٤٢٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ ابنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى اللَّيثِ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ. قال سُلَيمانُ: وحَدَّثَنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُقبَةَ أخو قَبيصَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ قالا: حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كانَتِ المُتعَةُ فى أوَّلِ الإسلامِ وكانوا يَقرَءونَ هذه الآيَةَ: (فَما استَمتَعتُم به منهن (^٣) إلَى أجَلٍ مُسَمًّى) (^٤) الآية. فكانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقدَمُ البَلدَةَ لَيسَ له بها مَعرِفَةٌ، فيَزَّوَّجُ بقَدرِ ما يَرَى أنَّه يَفرُغُ مِن حاجَتِه؛ لِتَحفَظَ مَتاعَه وتُصلِحَ له شأنَه، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٣] إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فنَسَخَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الأولَى فخَرَجَتِ (^٥) المُتعَةُ، وتَصديقُها مِنَ القُرآنِ: ﴿إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٦]. وما سِوَى هَذا الفَرجِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (١٧١٣) من طريق ليث عن سعيد عن ابن عباس به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"يعنى به عبد اللَّه\".\n(^٣) زيادة من: س.\n(^٤) قراءة شاذة مخالفة لرسم المصحف.\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فحرمت\". ا هـ. وكذا عند الطبرانى.","vol":"14","page":393},{"text":"فهو حَرامٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ البَكْراوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ يَعنى ابنَ زيادٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ جابِرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- فأَتاه آتٍ فقالَ: ابنُ عباسٍ وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ اختَلَفا فى المُتْعَتَينِ. فقالَ جابِرٌ: فعَلناهُما مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ نَهانا عَنهُما عُمَرُ -﵁- فلَم نَعُدْ لهما (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ البَكراوِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: إنَّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَنهَى عن المُتعَةِ، وإِنَّ ابنَ عباس يأْمُرُ بها. قال: على يَدَىَّ جَرَى الحَديثُ؛ تَمتَّعنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومَعَ أبى بكرٍ -﵁-، فلَمّا ولِىَ عُمَرُ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، هَذا الرَّسولُ، وإِنَّ هَذا القُرآنَ، هَذا القُرآنُ، وإِنَّهُما كانَتا مُتعَتانِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وأَنا أنهَى عَنهُما وأُعاقِبُ\n_________\n(^١) الطبرانى (١٠٧٨٢) عن الحضرمى -وحده- به. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥١٣٠)، والحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ١٤٠ من طريق موسى بن عبيدة به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٧٩: ابن عمارة وليث عن ختنه وموسى بن عبيدة ليسوا بعمدة.\n(^٢) اخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٧٩) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٤٩).","vol":"14","page":394},{"text":"عَلَيهِما؛ إحداهُما مُتعَةُ النِّساءِ، ولا أقدِرُ على رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً إلَى أجَلٍ إلَّا غَيَّبتُه فى الحِجارَةِ، والأُخرَى مُتعَةُ الحَجِّ، افصِلوا حَجَّكُم مِن عُمرَتِكُم؛ فإِنَّه أتَمُّ لِحَجِّكُم وأَتَمُّ لِعُمرَتِكُم (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ونحنُ لا نَشُكُّ فى كَونِهِما على عَهدِ رَسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ لَكِنّا وجَدْناه نَهَى عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ عامَ الفَتحِ بَعدَ الإذنِ فيه، ثُمَّ لَم نَجِدْه أذِنَ فيه بَعدَ النَّهىِ عنه حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبيلِه -ﷺ-، فكانَ نَهىُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ موافِقًا لِسُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَخَذْنا به، ولَم نَجِدْه -ﷺ- نَهَى عن مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ مِن رِوايَةٍ صحيحَةٍ عنه، ووَجَدْنا فى قَولِ عُمَرَ -﵁- ما دَلَّ على أنَّه أحَبَّ أن يُفصلَ بَينَ الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ ليَكونَ أتَمَّ لَهُما، فحَمَلْنا نَهيَه عن مُتعَةِ الحَجِّ على التَّنزيهِ وعَلَى اختيارِ الإفرادِ على غَيرِه لا على التَّحريمِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٤٢٨٦ - وقَد حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى الزُّهرِىُّ القاضِى بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدَّثنا مَنصورُ بنُ دينارٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: صَعِدَ عُمَرُ المِنبَرَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَنكِحونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٩) من طريق همام بنحوه. وتقدم فى (٨٩٤٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٧/. . .) وليس فيه: \"ومع أبى بكر\". وانظر ما سيأتى (١٤٤٨٥).","vol":"14","page":395},{"text":"هذه المُتعَةَ وقَد نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَنها (^١)، لا أُوتَى بأَحَدٍ نَكَحَها إلَّا رَجَمتُه (^٢).\nفهَذا [إن صَحَّ] (^٣) يُبَيِّنُ أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- إنَّما نَهَى عن نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ؛ لأنَّه عَلِمَ نَهىَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عَنه.\n\n١٤٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّ خَولةَ بنتَ حَكيم دَخَلَت على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَت: إنَّ رَبيعَةَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ استَمتَعَ بامرأةٍ موَلَّدَةٍ (^٤) فحَمَلَت مِنه. فخَرَجَ عُمَرُ -﵁- يَجُرُّ رِداءَه فزِعًا، فقالَ: هذه المُتعَةُ، ولَو كُنتُ تَقَدَّمتُ فيه لَرَجَمتُه (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه سُئلَ عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ، فقالَ: حَرامٌ، أما إنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"ألا وإنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (١٣٥) من طريق منصور بن دينار به.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى أصله بخطه على قوله: إن صح\".\n(^٤) المولدة: التى ولدت ين العرب ونشأت مع أولادهم، وتأدبت بآدابهم. الفائق ٤/ ٨١.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٥، ومالك ٢/ ٥٤٢، ومن طريقه ابن شبه فى تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧١٧.","vol":"14","page":396},{"text":"الخطابِ -﵁- لَو أخَذَ فيها أحَدًا لَرَجَمَه بالحِجارَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ (^٢) بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ (^٣) عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: سُئلَت عائشَةُ -﵂- عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ فقالَت: بَينِى وبَينَهُم كِتابُ اللَّهِ ﷿. وقَرأَت هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ (٥) إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ (٦) فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ﴾. فمَنِ ابتَغَى وراءَ ما زَوَّجَه اللَّهُ أو مَلَّكَه فقَد عَدا (^٤).\nورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن نافِعٍ قال: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أن يَنكِحَ امرأةً إلَّا نِكاحَ الإسلامِ، يُمهِرُها ويَرِثُها وتَرِثُه، ولا يُقاضيها على أجَلٍ مَعلومٍ أنَّها امرأتُه، فإِن ماتَ أحَدُهُما لَم يَتَوارَثا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٣٦، ١٧٢٣٩) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"أبو الفضل\". وتقدم فى (١٥٢٦).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٥ وصححه. وأخرجه الحارث (٤٧٨ - بغية)، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ١٠٤ من طريق نافع بن عمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ٩٩ من طريق القاسم به.","vol":"14","page":397},{"text":"١٤٢٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا خُنَيسُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ خُنَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: إنَّما أُحِلَّت لَنا أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتعَةُ النِّساءِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٤٢٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدَّثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو (^٢)، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن سُلَيمٍ المُحارِبِىِّ، عن يَزيدَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: إن كانَتِ المُتعَةُ لخَوفِنا ولحَربِنا.\n\n١٤٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ وبَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ فنَزَلْنا بثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ، فرأى نِساءً يَبكينَ فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". قيلَ: نِساءٌ تَمَتَّعَ بهِنَّ أزواجُهُنَّ ثُمَّ فارَقوهُنَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شاهين فى ناسخه (٤٢٧) من طريق عباس الدورى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٨٠: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عمر\".","vol":"14","page":398},{"text":"\"حَرَّمَ -أو هَدَمَ- المُتعَةَ النِّكاحُ والطَّلاقُ والعِدَّةُ والميَراثُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ عن مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى داودُ يَعنى ابنَ أبى هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: نَسَخَ المُتعَةَ الميراثُ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٩٥ - وعن سُفيانَ قال: قال بَعضُ أصحابِنا: عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: نَسَخَتها العِدَّةُ والطَلاقُ والميراثُ (^٤). قال العَدَنِىُّ: يَعنِى المُتعَةَ.\nوروَاه حجَّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن الحَكَمِ عن أصحابِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: المُتعَةُ مَنسوخَةٌ؛ نَسَخَها الطَّلاقُ والصَّداقُ والعِدَّةُ والميراثُ (^٥).\n\n١٤٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلىُّ. فذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦ عن أبى بكرة بكار بن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٤٩) من طريق إسحاق به. وأبو يعلى (٦٦٢٥) عن محمد بن المثنى. وابن شاهين فى ناسخه (٤٥١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٩ من طريق أحمد بن الأزهر به، كلاهما -محمد بن المثنى وأحمد بن الأزهر- عن مؤمل به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٤٥)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥١٣٥)، والنحاس فى ناسخه ص ٣٢٦ من طريق سفيان به. وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٩٧) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٤٤) عن الثورى عن صاحب له عن الحكم قال: قال ابن مسعود.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى ناسخه ص ١٠١، وابن المنذر فى تفسيره (١٥٩٥) من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"14","page":399},{"text":"الحديثَ بإِسنادِه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فى المُتعَةِ؛ قال عَقِيبَه (^١): رَوَى أبو مُعاويَةَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ عن قَيسٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ هَذا الحديثَ، وقالَ فى آخِرِه: ثُمَّ تُرِكَ ذاكَ (^٢). قال: وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ المُصَفَّى عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن إسماعيلَ فى آخِرِه: ثُمَّ جاءَ تَحريمُها بَعدُ. وفِى حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن إسماعيلَ عن قَيسٍ: بنَسخِ ذَلِكَ. يَعنِى المتعَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٢٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن إياسِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن على بنِ أبى طالبِ -﵁- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المتعَةِ. قال: وإِنَّما كانَت لمن لَم يَجِدْ، فلَمّا أُنزِلَ النِّكَاحُ والطَلاقُ والعِدَّةُ والميراثُ بَينَ الزَّوجِ والمَرأَةِ نُسِخَت (^٤).\n\n١٤٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الكوفىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ بَهرامَ (^٥)، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن بَسّامٍ الصَّيرَفِىِّ قال: سألتُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"عقبه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٠٩٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٤٨) عن ابن عيينة عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٩، ومن طريقه الحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ١٣٩. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩٣٥٧) من طريق ابن بكير به. وابن شاهين فى ناسخه (٤٣٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٥) فى الأصل، س، ص ٧: \"إبراهيم\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"بخطه\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٥٢.","vol":"14","page":400},{"text":"جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدٍ عن المُتعَةِ [ووَصَفتُها له] (^١) فقالَ لِى: ذاكَ الزِّنى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3107>بابُ ما جاءَ فى نِكاحِ المُحَلَّلِ</span>\n\n١٤٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا ا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ قال: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الحالَّ والمُحَلَّلَ لَه (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا ا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ، عن عامِرٍ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، قال إسماعيلُ: وأُراه قَد رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لُعِنَ المُحِلُّ (^٣) والمُحَلَّلُ له\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ أبو أحمدَ، حدَّثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن الهُزَيلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"فوصفتها له\"، وفى م: \"فوصفتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٥)، وأبو داود (٢٠٧٧)، والترمذى (١١١٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٣٥) من طريق الشعبى به، وعندهم سوى الترمذى بأطول من هذا. وقال الترمذى: حديث على وجابر حديث معلول.\n(^٣) فى ص ٧: \"المحلل\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٠٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل به بأطول من هذا.","vol":"14","page":401},{"text":"شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الواصِلَةَ والموتَصِلَةَ (^١)، والواشِمَةَ والموتَشِمَةَ (^٢)، وآكِلَ الرِّبا ومُؤكِلَه، والمُحِلَّ والمُحَلَّلَ لَه (^٣). [لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الزُّبَيرِىِّ: الموشومَةَ. وقالَ: الموصولَةَ. وقالَ: ومُطعِمَه] (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى يَعنِى ابنَ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المِسوَرِىُّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ المُحِلَّ (^٥) والمُحَلَّلَ له\" (^٦).\n\n١٤٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ صالِحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ اللَّيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: قال مِشرَحُ بنُ هَاعَانَ أبو\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"المستوصلة\".\n(^٢) فى ص ٧: \"المستوشمة\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٠٣)، والترمذى (١١٢٠) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. والنسائى (٣٤١٦) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضُرب فى الأصل بخطه على قوله: لفظ حديث. إلى قوله: ومطعمه ثم صحح عليه\".\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"المحلل\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الترمذى فى العلل (٢٧٣) من طريق معلى به، وقال: سألت محمدًا عن هذا الحديث فقال: حديث حسن. وأحمد (٨٢٨٧) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن جعفر به.","vol":"14","page":402},{"text":"المُصعَبِ: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بالتَّيسِ المُستَعارِ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مَن هوَ؟ قال: \"المُحِلُّ، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ المُحِلَّ والمُحَلَّلَ له\" (^١).\n\n١٤٣٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مِشرَحَ بنَ هَاعَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ مُطَرِّفٍ المَدَنِىُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فسألَه عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا، فتَزَوَّجَها أخٌ له عن غَيرِ مُؤامَرَةٍ مِنه ليُحِلَّها لأخيه، هَل تَحِلُّ لِلأوَّلِ؟ قال: لا، إلَّا نِكاحَ رَغبَةٍ؛ كُنّا نَعُدُّ هَذا سِفاحًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٠١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٩٣٦) من طريق عثمان بن صالح به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٩ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٢٩٩ (٨٢٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥١ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٤٩٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٩ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩١٠٢) من طريق أبى غسان به بنحوه. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٨٢: إسناده صحيح.","vol":"14","page":403},{"text":"نَوفَلٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه سُئلَ عن تَحليلِ المَرأَةِ لِزَوجِها؟ فقالَ: ذاكَ السِّفاحُ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ جابِرٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: لا أوتَى بمُحَلِّلٍ (^٢) ولا مُحَلَّلٍ له إلَّا رَجَمتُهُما (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى مَرزوقٍ التُّجيبِىِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- فى خِلافَتِه وقَد رَكِبَ، فسألَه فقالَ: إنَّ لى إلَيكَ حاجَةً يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: إنِّى الآن مُسْتَعْجِلٌ فإِن أرَدتَ أن تَركَبَ خَلفِى حَتَّى تَقضِىَ حاجَتَكَ؟ فرَكِبَ خَلفَه فقالَ: إنَّ جارًا لى طَلَّقَ امرأتَه فى غَضَبِه ولَقِىَ شِدَّةً، فأَرَدتُ أن أحتَسِبَ بنَفسِى ومالى فأَتَزَوَّجَها ثُمَّ أبتَنِىَ بها ثُمَّ أُطَلِّقَها فتَرجِعَ إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ؟ فقالَ له عثمانُ: لا تَنكِحْها إلَّا نِكاحَ رَغبَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٤٦) من طريق سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٧٧٦) عن معمر به. والفسوى فى المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٦٣، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٣١١ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: بمحل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٤٧) عن أبى معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٧٧٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وفيه: محللة. بدلًا من: محلل له.\n(^٤) أخرجه سحنون فى المدونة ٢/ ٢٩٥، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٢ من طريق الليث به. =","vol":"14","page":404},{"text":"١٤٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ ومُعَلَّى قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- رُفِعَ إلَيه أمرُ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ليُحَلِّلَها (^١) لِزَوجِها، ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما وقالَ: لا تَرجِعْ إلَيه إلَّا بنِكاحِ رَغبَةٍ غَيرِ دُلسَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى الَّليثِ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: إذا كان يَتَزَوَّجُها ليُحِلَّها له فهَذا المُحِلُّ والمُحَلَّلُ له، فلا يَنبَغِى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3108>بابُ مَن عَقَدَ النِّكاحَ مُطلَقًا لا شَرطَ فيه فالنِّكاحُ ثابِتٌ وإِن كانَت نيَّتُهُما أو نيَّةُ أحَدِهِما التَّحليلَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّ النّيَّةَ حَديثُ النَّفسِ وقَد وُضِعَ عن النّاسِ ما حَدَّثوا به أنفُسَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٤٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n= وابن شبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ١٠١٧، ١٠١٨ من طريق أبى مرزوق به.\n(^١) فى س، م: \"ليحلها\".\n(^٢) الدلسة: الخديعة. المعجم الكبير ٧/ ٤٧١ (د ل س).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٨٠.","vol":"14","page":405},{"text":"أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَجاوَزَ اللَّهُ لأُمَّتِى ما حَدَّثَت به أنفُسَها ما لَم تَكَلَّمْ به أو تَعمَلْ به\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عَوانَةَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ قال: عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه تَجاوَزَ لأُمَّتِى\" (^١). روَاه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ امرأةً له فبَتَّها، فمَرَّ بشَيخٍ وابنٍ له مِنَ الأعرابِ فى السّوقِ قَدِما لِتِجارَةٍ لَهُما، فقالَ لِلفَتَى: هَل فيكَ مِن خَيرٍ؟ ثُمَّ مَضى عنه، ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَيه فكَمِثلِها، ثُمَّ مَضَى عنه، ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَيه فكَمِثلِها قال: نَعَم. قال: فأَرِنِى يَدَكَ. فانطَلَقَ به فأَخبَرَه الخَبَرَ وأَمَرَه بنِكاحِها فنَكَحَها. فباتَ مَعَها، فلَمّا أصبَحَ استأذَنَ فأُذِنَ له، فإِذا هو قَد ولَّاها الدُّبُرَ، فقالَت: واللَّهِ لَئن طَلَّقَنِى لا أَنكِحُكَ أبَدًا. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ -﵁-، فدَعاه فقالَ: لَو نَكَحتَها لَفَعَلتُ بكَ كَذا وكَذا. وتَواعَدَه ودَعا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٠٨) من طريق هشام به. والترمذى (١١٨٣) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (٣٩٢٦)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٨٦٠، ١٥١٥٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٦٩)، ومسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠١).","vol":"14","page":406},{"text":"زَوجَها فقالَ: الْزَمْها. وزادَ فيه فى مَوضِع آخَرَ فقالَ: وقالَ: وإِن عَرَضَ لَكَ أحَدٌ بشَئٍ فأَخبِرْنِى بهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٣١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أُخبِرتُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّ امرأةً طَلَّقَها زَوجُها ثَلاثًا، وكانَ مِسكينٌ أعرابِىٌّ يَقعُدُ ببابِ المَسجِدِ، فجاءَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: هَل لَكَ فى امرأةٍ تَنكِحُها فتَبيتُ مَعَها الليلَةَ وتُصبحُ فتُفارِقُها؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فكانَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَت له امرأَتُه: إنَّكَ إذا أصبَحتَ فإِنَّهُم سَيَقولونَ لَكَ: فارِقْها. فلا تَفعَلْ ذَلِكَ؛ فإِنِّى مُقيمَةٌ لَكَ ما تَرَى، واذهَبْ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-. فلَمّا أصبَحَت أتَوه وأَتَوها، فقالَت: كَلِّموه فأَنتُم جِئتُم به. فكَلَّموه فأَبَى، فانطَلَقَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-. فقالَ: الزَمِ امرأتَكَ، فإِن رابوكَ برَيْبٍ (^٢) فأتِنِى. وأَرسَلَ إلَى المَرأَةِ التى مَشَت لِذَلِكَ فنَكَّلَ بها، ثُمَّ كان يَغدو على عُمَرَ ويَروحُ فى حُلَّةٍ فيَقولُ: الحَمدُ للَّهِ الَّذِى كَساكَ يا ذا الرُّقعَتَينِ حُلَّةً تَغدو فيها وتَروحُ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ -﵁-: وسَمِعتُ هَذا الحديثَ مُسنَدًا شاذًّا (^٤) مُوتَصِلًا (^٥) عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٣٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٨٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٨٨) من طريق ابن جريج عن مجاهد به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"بريبة\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٤٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٨٠، ٨١.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧، م: \"إسنادًا\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: مسندًا إسنادًا\".\n(^٥) فى ص ٧: \"متصلًا\"، وفى م: \"مؤتصلًا\". وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٩٩١٣).","vol":"14","page":407},{"text":"ابنِ سيرينَ يوصِلُه عن عُمَرَ بمِثلِ هَذا المَعنَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3109>بابُ نِكاحِ المُحرِمِ</span>\n\n١٤٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ وأبو الحَسَنِ العَنَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ على الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ الحُسَينِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ أرادَ أن يُزَوِّجَ طَلحَةَ بنَ عُمَرَ بنتَ شَيبَةَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، فأَرسَلَ إلَى أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ ليَحضُرَ ذَلِكَ وهو أميرُ الحاجِّ، فقالَ أبانٌ: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ، ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٤٣١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٨١.\n(^٢) فى س: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٢٢٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤١).","vol":"14","page":408},{"text":"المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى نُبَيهُ بنُ وهبٍ قال: بَعَثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ، وكانَ يَخطُبُ بنتَ شَيبَةَ بنِ عثمانَ على ابنِه، فأَرسَلَنِى إلَى أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ وهو على المَوسِمِ فقالَ: ألا أُراه أعرابيًّا! إنَّ المُحرِمَ لا يَنكِحُ ولا يُنكِحُ، أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ عثمانُ -﵁- عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ ويَعلَى ابنِ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبانٍ، عن عثمانَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ، ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ\" (^٥).\n\n١٤٣١٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ عَنهُما؛ مَطَرٍ ويَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِثلَه، غَيرَ أنَّه لَم يَرفَعْه إلَى نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٦). أخرَجَه مسلِمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٧: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) عبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٥٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٢٢)، والترمذى (٨٤٠)، وابن حبان (٤١٢٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى الأصل على قوله: لفظ حديثهما سواء\".\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٠٨٤، ٤١٣٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وتقدم فى (٩٢٢٥).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٩٢٢٦).","vol":"14","page":409},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ وأَيّوبَ بنِ موسَى وسَعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ عن نُبَيهِ بنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا (^٣). وعن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا بالشَّكِّ (^٤). والصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٤٣١٨ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا داود بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَيمونَةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرٍو (^٦).\n\n١٤٣١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠٩/ ٤٢، ٤٤، ٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطرسوسى فى مسند عبد اللَّه بن عمر (٥٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦١ من طريق إسماعيل بن أمية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦١ من طريق الضحاك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى (٨٤٤)، والنسائى (٢٨٣٧) من طريق داود به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤١٠/ ٤٧)، والبخارى (٥١١٤).","vol":"14","page":410},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، وهو ابنُ أُختِ مَيمونَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَكَحَ مَيمونَةَ وهو حَلالٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ. قال عمرٌو: فقُلتُ لجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ: مَن تُراها يا أبا الشَّعثاءِ؟ قال: أظُنُّها مَيمونَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ. وقالَ مَرَّةً: يَقولونَ: مَيمونَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ. فقُلتُ له: إنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبرَنِى عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ مَيمونَةَ وهو حَلالٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ عن عمرٍو، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فحَدَّثتُ به الزُّهرِىَّ فقالَ: أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الأصَمِّ أنَّه نَكَحَها وهو حَلالٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٢١ - قال الشيخُ: ويَزيدُ بنُ الأصَمِّ رَواه عن مَيمونَةَ:\nأخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٨٨٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٦٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن بشار به. وتقدم فى (٩٢٣١، ١٣٤٩٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤١٠/ ٤٦).","vol":"14","page":411},{"text":"أُختِ مَيمونَةَ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ حَلالانِ بسَرِفَ (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو فزارَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى مَيمونَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَها وهو حَلالٌ. ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجه أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٣)، وقَد مَرَّ فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إشكابَ والحَسَنُ بنُ يَحيَى والحَسَنُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى قالوا (^٥): حدَّثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ أبا فزارَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، عن مَيمونَةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَها حَلالًا وبَنَى بها حَلالًا (^٦).\n\n١٤٣٢٣ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: أرسَلَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ إلَى يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ، وهو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٥٧٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٣٧) من طريق حجاج به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٤١) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم فى (٩٢٣٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٨٤٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤١١/ ٤٨).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٩٢٣٢).\n(^٥) فى الأصل: \"قال\".\n(^٦) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦١. وتقدم فى (٩٢٣٢).","vol":"14","page":412},{"text":"أُختِ مَيمونَةَ وابنُ خالَةِ ابنِ عباسٍ، أسأَلُه عن تَزويجِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَيمونَةَ؟ فقالَ: تَزَوَّجَها وهو حَلالٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ، حَدَّثَنِى رَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ مَيمونَةَ حَلالًا وبَنَى بها حَلالًا، وكُنتُ الرَّسولَ بَينَهُما (^٢). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ.\n\n١٤٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصنعانىُّ (^٣) بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبّادٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ قال: سألتُ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ شَيبَةَ: أتَزَوَّجَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مَيمونَةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ؟ قالَت: بَل تَزَوَّجَها وهو حَلالٌ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ١٣٣ من طريق عمرو بن ميمون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٣٠) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وتقدم فى (٩٢٣٤).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الصفار\". وتقدم فى (٣٣٥٥، ٤٦٧١).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٠٣) من طريق ميمون بن مهران به.","vol":"14","page":413},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: وهِمَ ابنُ عباسٍ فى تَزويجِ مَيمونَةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ القُدّوسِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ مَيمونَةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ. قال: فقالَ سعيدٌ: وهَلَ ابنُ عباسٍ وإِن كانَت خالَتَه، ما تَزَوَّجَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا بَعدَ ما أحَلَّ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ القُدّوسِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٢٨ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشة -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٤). فهَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن أبى عاصمٍ، فهَذا إنَّما يُروَى عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ مُرسَلًا، وذِكرُ عائشةَ فيه وَهْمٌ. قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سأَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٨٤٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٣٣٢، وفى الصغرى (٢٥٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٥٢)، والنسائى (٢٨٤١) من طريق أبى المغيرة عبد القدوس بن الحجاج به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٨٣٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى فى العلل (٢٢٥) من طريق أبى عاصم به.","vol":"14","page":414},{"text":"محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ ﵀ عن هَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: يَروونَ هَذا الحديثَ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n١٤٣٢٩ - وروَاه عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ عن أبى عاصِمٍ مُرسَلًا وقالَ: قُلتُ لأبِى عاصِمٍ: أنتَ أملَيتَه عَلَينا مِنَ الرُّقعَةِ لَيسَ فيه: عن عائشَةَ. قال: دَعوا عائشةَ حَتَّى أنظُرَ فيه. قال عمرٌو: فسَمِعتُ بَعضَ أصحابِنا يقولُ: قال أبو عاصِمٍ: فنَظَرتُ فيه فوَجَدتُه مُرسَلًا. وهَذا فيما أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أنَّ أبا علىٍّ الحافظَ أخبَرَهُم قال: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدَّثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ والحِكايَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٣٠ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ (^٣) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدَّثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعضَ نِسائِه وهو مُحرِمٌ، واحتَجَمَ وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ عن مُغيرَةَ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ عن\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذى عقب (٢٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٠٩) عن عمرو بن على به، موصولًا إلى قوله: \"أنظر فيه\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"رواه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٣٢) من طريق أبى عوانة به.","vol":"14","page":415},{"text":"عائشةَ. قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: قال أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ: كِلاهُما خَطأٌ، والمحفوظُ: عن مُغيرَةَ عن شِبَاكٍ (^١) عن أبى الضُّحَى عن مَسروقٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه جَريرٌ عن مُغيرَةَ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٤٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدَّثنا محمدُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصينِ، عن أبى غَطَفانَ ابنِ طَريفٍ المُرِّىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه، أنَّ أباه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وهو مُحرِمٌ، فرَدَّ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- نِكاحَه (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٣٢ - وبِهَذَينِ الإسنادَينِ عن مالك عن نافِعٍ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ ولا يُنكِحُ، ولا يَخطُبُ على نَفسِه ولا على غَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"سماك\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣١١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٤٠٨)، من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٢٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٤٩. وتقدم بالإسناد الأول فى (٩٢٣٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٤٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٧٨، والموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٢٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٤٩، ومن طريقه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ١٥١.","vol":"14","page":416},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: مَن تَزَوَّجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ نَزَعْنا مِنه امرأتَه ولَم نُجِزْ نِكاحَه (^١). وهو قَولُ الحَسَنِ وقَتادَةَ.\n\n١٤٣٣٤ - وهو فيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن قُدامَةَ بنِ موسَى، عن شَوذَبٍ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ رَدَّ نِكاحَ مُحرِمٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الدَّراوَردِىُّ عن قُدامَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّهُم سُئلوا عن نِكاحِ (^٤) المُحرِمِ؟ فقالوا: لا يَنكِحُ المُحرِمُ ولا يُنكِحُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ٢١٩ من طريق سعيد به. والعقيلى ٤/ ٢١٩، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٩٢ من طريق مطر به. وتقدم فى (٩٢٣٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٤٢٤٨) والشافعى ٥/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٢٣٨).\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.\n(^٥) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٢٣ ظ، ٢٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٣٤٩.","vol":"14","page":417},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3110>جماعُ أبوابِ العَيبِ فى المنكوحَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3111>بابُ ما يُرَدُّ به النِّكاحُ مِنَ العُيوبِ</span>\n\n١٤٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بُكَيرٍ يَعنى النَّخَعِىَّ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ الطّائىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- امرأةً مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ، فلَمّا أُدخِلَت (^١) رأى بكَشْحِها وضَحًا (^٢)، فرَدَّها إلَى أهلِها وقالَ: \"دَلَّستُم علىّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٣٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحُلْوانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدَّثنا أبو بُكَيرٍ (^٤) النَّخَعِىُّ واسمُ أبى بُكَيرٍ الوَليدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ كوفِىٌّ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: تَزَوَّجَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- امرأةً مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٤٣٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَرْكانِىُّ، حدئنا القاسِمُ بنُ غُصنٍ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ، فلَمّا أُدخِلَت عَلَيه رأى بكَشحِها بَياضًا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"دخلت\".\n(^٢) الكَشح: الخصر، والوضح: البياض. النهاية ٤/ ١٧٥، ٥/ ١٩٥.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٣. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٦٩٩) عن عبد اللَّه بن عمر عن أبى بكير به.\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٧: \"بكر\".\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٣.","vol":"14","page":418},{"text":"فناءَ عَنها وقالَ: \"أَرخِى عَلَيكِ\". فخَلَّى سَبيلَها ولَم يأخُذْ مِنها شَيئًا (^١).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: وجَميلُ بنُ زَيدٍ تَفَرَّدَ (^٢) بهَذا الحديثِ، واضطَرَبَ الرّواةُ عنه لِهَذا الحديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقيلَ عنه هَكَذا، وكَذَلِكَ قالَه إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكريّا عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ بمَعناه (^٤). وقيلَ: عنه عن سَعدِ (^٥) بنِ زَيدٍ قال: وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٦). وقيلَ: عنه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٧). وقيلَ: عنه عن كَعبِ بنِ زَيدٍ أو زَيدِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٨). قال البخارىُّ: لَم يَصِحَّ حَديثُه (^٩).\n\n١٤٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٣. وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٣ من طريق القاسم بن غصن به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٨٦: جميل، قال ابن معين: ليس بثقة. ا هـ. وسيأتى فى (١٤٦٠٦).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: يعرف\". وهو كذلك فى الكامل.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٣، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٦٤٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن زكريا به.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (١٤٦٠٤).\n(^٧) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٣ من طريق جميل بن زيد به.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٣٢)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٢٣ من طريق جميل بن زيد. وينظر ما سيأتى فى (١٤٦٠٥).\n(^٩) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢١٥.","vol":"14","page":419},{"text":"عمرٍو الزّاهِدُ، حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أيُّما رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وبِها جُنونٌ أو جُذامٌ أو بَرَصٌ فمَسَّها فلَها صَداقُها. وذَلِكَ لِزَوجِها غُرمٌ على وليِّها (^١).\n\n١٤٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه الهَرَوِىُّ، حدَّثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدَّثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدَّثنا سفيانُ (^٢)، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى: أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَت وبِها شَئٌ مِن هَذا الدّاءِ فلَم يَعلَمْ حَتَّى مَسَّها، فلَها مَهرُها بما استَحَّلَ مِن فرجِها، ويَغرَمُ وليُّها لِزَوجِها مِثلَ مَهرِها (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى، عن سعيدٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: إذا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ المرأَةَ وبِها جُنونٌ أو جُذامٌ أو بَرَصٌ أو قَرْنٌ (^٤)، فإِن كان دَخَلَ بها فلَها الصَّداقُ بمَسِّه إيّاها، وهو له على الوَلِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥١٠)، والمعرفة (٤٢٥٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٨٤، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٢٦، ومن طريقه سحنون فى المدونة ٢/ ٢١٤ وفيه: عن مالك والليث ورجال من أهل العلم.\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"بن منصور حدثنا سفيان\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨١٩).\n(^٤) القرن: شئ يكرن فى فرج المرأة كالسن يمنع من الوطء. اللسان ١٣/ ٣٣٥ (ق ر ن).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٣٨٨٨).","vol":"14","page":420},{"text":"١٤٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: أربَعٌ لا تَجوزُ فى بَيعٍ ولا نِكاحِ إلَّا أن يُسَمِّىَ (^١)، فإِن سُمِّىَ جازَ؛ الجُنونُ والجُذامُ والبَرَصُ والقَرْنُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٤٣ - وكَذَلِكَ روَاه سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ عن سُفيانَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: إلَّا أن يَمَسَّ، فإِنَّ مَسَّ فقَد جازَ. أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: أربَعٌ لا يَجُزنَ فى بَيعٍ ولا نِكاحٍ؛ المجنونَةُ، والمجذومَةُ، والبَرصاءُ، والعَفْلاءُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٤٥ - وكَذَلِكَ روَاه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن (^٥) رَوحِ بنِ القاسِمِ عن عمرٍو\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"تسمى\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٥١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٨٤.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٥٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٨٢٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٧٥) عن سفيان بلفظ: إلا أن يُسمَّين، فإن سُمين فهى منه، فإن مسها جاز.\n(^٤) العفلاء: من العفل، وهو اللحم الزائد فى الفرج حتى يرتتق فلا ينفذ فيه الذكر، وهى الرتقاء أيضا. الزاهر فى غريب ألفاظ الشافعى ص ٣١٦.\nوالحديث عند سعيد بن منصور (٨٢٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٤٣٦) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٥) فى النسخ: \"و\". وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وفى الحاشية: \"بخطه: عن\" وصحح عليها. =","vol":"14","page":421},{"text":"مِن قَولِ جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبى الشَّعثاءِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المعروفِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه وزادَ: إلَّا أن يَمَسَّهُنَّ.\n\n١٤٣٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ وشُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: أربَعٌ لا يَجُزنَ فى بَيعٍ ولا نِكاحٍ؛ المجنونَةُ، والمجذومَةُ، والبَرصاءُ والعَفْلاءُ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى عن عبدِ الوَهّاب مَرفوعًا إلى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٤٧ - ورُوِىَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- كما، أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: أيُّما رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةً وبِها بَرَصٌ أو جُنونٌ أو جُذامٌ أو\n_________\n= وينظر ترجمة روح بن القاسم فى تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٢٥٢. وترجمة يزيد بن زريع ٣٢/ ١٢٤. وينظر المهذب ٦/ ٢٧٨٧، وسيأتى على الصواب فى الإسناد.\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥١١)، والمعرفة (٤٢٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٧ من طريق مالك بن يحيى به.","vol":"14","page":422},{"text":"قَرْنٌ، فزَوجُها بالخيارِ ما لَم يَمَسَّها؛ إن شاءَ أمسَكَ وإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ، وإِن مَسَّها فلَها المَهرُ بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها (^١).\n\n١٤٣٤٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه قال: ذَلِكَ إذا دَخَلَ بها. قال: وإِن عَلِمَ بذَلِكَ قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها فإِن شاءَ أمسَكَ وإِن شاءَ فارَقَ بغَيرِ (^٢) طَلاقٍ (^٣).\nوروَاه الثَّورِىُّ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا تَزَوَّجَ المَرأَةَ فوَجَدَ بها جُنونًا أو بَرَصًا أو جُذامًا أو قَرْنًا فدَخَلَ بها فهِىَ امرأتُه؛ إن شاءَ أمسَكَ وإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ (^٤). زادَ فيه وكيعٌ عن الثَّورِىِّ: إذا لَم يَدخُلْ بها فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما (^٥). فكأنَّه أبطَلَ خيارَه بالدُّخولِ بها، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن سعيدِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: أيُّما رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وبِه جُنونٌ أو ضَرَرٌ فإِنَّها تُخَيَّرُ؛ فإِن شاءَت فارَقَت وإِن شاءَت قَرَّت (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٢١).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"بعد\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٢٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٦٧ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٧٧) عن الثورى به. وأخرجه أيضًا (١٠٦٧٨) عن ابن عيينة عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٦) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٦٣، ومن طريقه سحنون فى المدونة ٢/ ٢١٥.","vol":"14","page":423},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3112>بابٌ: لا عَدوَى على الوَجهِ الَّذِى كانوا فى الجاهِليَّةِ يَعتَقِدونَه مِن إضافَةِ الفِعلِ إلَى غَيِر اللَّهِ تَعالَى</span>\n\n١٤٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوح المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى ولا طيَرَةَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ ابنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى ولا هامَةَ ولا صَفَرَ\". فقامَ أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ الإبِلَ تكونُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٤٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٠٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٧٧) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٧٥٣)، ومسلم (٢٢٢٥/ ١١٦).","vol":"14","page":424},{"text":"فى الرَّملِ كأنَّها الظِّباءُ، فيَرِدُ عَلَيها البَعيرُ الجَرِبُ فتَجرَبُ كُلُّها. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فمَن أعدَى الأوَّلَ؟ \". لَفظُ حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ، وفى رِوايَةِ يونُسَ حينَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى ولا صَفَرَ ولا هامَ\". فقالَ أعرابِىٌّ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فما بالُ الإبِلِ تَكونُ فى الرَّملِ كأنَّها الظِّباءُ، فيَجِئُ البَعيرُ الأجرَبُ فيَدخُلُ فيها فيُجرِبُها؟ قال: \"فمَن أعدَى الأوَّلَ؟ \" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3113>بابٌ: لا يورِدُ مُمرِضٌ على مُصِحٍّ فقَد يَجعَلُ اللَّهُ تَعالَى بمَشيئَتِه مُخالَطَتَه إيّاه سَبَبًا لمرضِه</span>\n\n١٤٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُورِدُ مُمرِضٌ على مُصِحٍّ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٤٧٥)، وابن وهب فى موطئه (٦٢٧)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (٧٥٩١)، وابن حبان (٦١١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٦٢٠) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٧١٧)، ومسلم (٢٢٢٠/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٤٧٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦١١٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. بسياق حديث شعيب الآتى فى (١٤٣٥٤).\nلا يورد ممرض على مصح: أى لا يدخل ذو إبل مريضة على ذى إبل صحيحة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٩.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٢٢١/ ١٠٤).","vol":"14","page":425},{"text":"١٤٣٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى ولا صَفَرَ ولا هامَةَ\". قال: فقالَ أعرابِىٌّ: فما بالُ الإبِلِ تَكونُ فى الرَّملِ كأنَّها الظِّباءُ، فيُخالِطُها البَعيرُ الأجرَبُ فيُجرِبُها؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فمَن أعدَى الأوَّلَ؟ \". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فحَدَّثَنِى رَجلٌ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يُورِدُ مُمرِضٌ على مُصِحِّ\". قال: فراجَعَه الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: ألَيسَ قَد حَدَّثتَنا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى ولا صَفَرَ ولا هامَةَ\"؟. قال: لَم أُحَدِّثْكُموه. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: قال لِى أبو سلمةَ: قَد حَدَّثَ به، وما سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- نَسِىَ حَديثًا غَيرَه (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدَّثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا عَدوَى\". قال أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يُخبِرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُورِدُ المُمرِضُ على المُصِحِّ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٠٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٢٠)، وأبو داود (٣٩١١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٧٧٠، ٥٧٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى (١٦٦١) من طريق أبى اليمان به، بزيادة مراجعة الحارث بن =","vol":"14","page":426},{"text":"أبى اليَمانِ (^١). وزادَ فيه غَيرُه مُراجَعَةَ الحارِثِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- فى ذَلِكَ وقَولَ أبى سَلَمَةَ.\n\n١٤٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدَّثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدَّثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى سِنانُ بنُ أبى سِنانٍ الدُّؤَلِىُّ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأعرابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفَرأيتَ الإبِلَ تكونُ فى الرَّملِ أمثالَ الظِّباءِ فيأتيها البَعيرُ الأجرَبُ فتَجرَبُ (^٢) جَميعًا؟ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فمَن أعدَى الأوَّلَ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٥٦ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: قال أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: فسَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يُخبِرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يورِدُ (^٤) المُمرِضُ على المُصِحِّ\". فقالَ له الحارِثُ بنُ أبى ذُبابٍ الدَّوسِىُّ: فإِنَّكَ قَد كُنتَ تُحَدِّثُنا (^٥) أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى\". قال: فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n= أبى ذباب لأبى هريرة الآتية فى (١٤٣٥٦).\n(^١) البخارى (٥٧٧٣).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"فيجربها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى السنة (٢٨٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٦٦١) به، والطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٣٢١٥) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لا توردوا\".\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"تخبرنا: بخطه أيضًا\".","vol":"14","page":427},{"text":"أبو هريرةَ. فقالَ الحارِثُ: بَلَى، قَد كُنتَ تُخبِرُنا ذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فتَمارَى هو وأبو هريرةَ حَتَّى (^١) اشتَدَّ مِراؤُهُما، فغَضِبَ أبو هريرةَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ فرَطَنَ بالحَبَشيَّةِ، ثُمَّ قال لِلحارِثِ بنِ أبى ذُبابٍ: هَل تَدرِى ماذا قُلتُ؟ فقالَ الحارِثُ: لا. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: فإِنِّى قُلتُ: أبَيتُ. يُريدُ بذَلِكَ أنِّى لَم أُحَدِّثْ كما تَقولُ. قال أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: ثُمَّ أقامَ أبو هريرةَ على الَّذِى يُخبِرُنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى قَولِه: \"لا يورِدُ (^٢) المُمرِضُ على المُصِحِّ\". وتَرَكَ ما كان يُخبِرُنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى قَولِه: \"لا عَدوَى\". فقالَ أبو سلمةَ: فلا أدرِى أنَسِىَ أبو هريرةَ ما كان يُخبِرُنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا عَدوَى\". أم ما شأنُه؟ غَيرَ أنِّى لَم أبْلُ عَلَيه كَلِمَةً نَسيَها بَعدَ أن (^٣) يُحَدِّثَناها مَرَّةً عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، غَيرَ إنكارِه ما كان يُحَدِّثُنا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى قَولِه: \"لا عَدوَى\". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدّارِمِىِّ عن أبى اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن أبى اليَمانِ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى، ولا يَحُلُّ (^٥) المُمرِضُ على\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"إذا\".\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"تُوردُوا الممرضَ\". هكذا رسمت فيه، وكذا ضبطها.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"كان\".\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٢٢١/. . .)، والبخارى (٥٧٧٤).\n(^٥) فى س: \"يورد\".","vol":"14","page":428},{"text":"المُصِحِّ، ليَحُلَّ المُصِحُّ حَيثُ شاءَ\". قيلَ: ما بالُ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"إنَّه أذًى\".\n\n١٤٣٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ السَمّاكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الملِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدَّثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدَّثنا مالكٌ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن أبى عَطيَّةَ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى ولا هامَةَ ولا صَفَرَ، ولا يَحُلُّ المُمرِضُ على المُصِحِّ، وليَحُلَّ المُصحُّ حَيثُ شاءَ\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ولِمَ ذاكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّه أذًى\" (^١). هَذا غَريبٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ إن كان الرَّقاشِىُّ حَفِظَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى عامِرُ ابنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنَّ هَذا يَعنِى الطّاعونَ أوِ السَّقَمَ رِجزٌ عُذِّبَ به بَعضُ الأُمَمِ قَبلَكُم ثُمَّ بَقِىَ بَعدُ بالأرضِ؛ فيَذهَبُ المَرَّةَ ويأتِى الأُخرَى، فمَن سَمِعَ به بأَرضٍ فلا يَقدَمَنَّ عَلَيه، ومَن وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وهو بها فلا يُخرِجَنَّه الفِرارُ مِنه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٤٦، ومن طريقه الجوهرى فى مسند الموطأ (٨٤٧)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١٣/ ٤١٠. وعندهم: ابن عطية. وأخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١٣/ ٤١٠ من طريق بشر بن عمر به. وعنده: عن ابن عطية أو أبى عطية.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٠٦)، والبخارى (٦٩٧٤)، والترمذى (١٠٦٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى =","vol":"14","page":429},{"text":"الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحارِثِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- حَدَّثَه، أنَّه كان مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- حينَ خَرَجَ إلَى الشّامِ فرَجَعَ بالنّاسِ مِن سَرْغَ فلَقيَه أُمَراؤُه على الأجنادِ؛ فلَقيَه أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ وأَصحابُه -﵃- وقَد وقَعَ الوَجَعُ بالشّامِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: اجمَعْ لىَ المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ. فجَمَعتُهُم له فاستَشارَهُم فاختَلَفوا عَلَيه، فقالَ بعضهم: ارجِعْ بالنّاسِ ولا تُقدِمْهم على هَذا الوَباءِ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: إنَّما هو قَدَرُ اللَّهِ، وقَد خَرَجتَ لأمرٍ فلا تَرجِعْ عنه. فأَمَرَهُم فخَرَجوا عنه. ثُمَّ قال: ادعُ لىَ الأنصارَ. فدَعَوتُهُم فاستَشارَهُم فسَلَكوا سَبيلَ المُهاجِرينَ واختَلَفوا كاختِلافِهِم، فأَمَرَهُم فخَرَجوا عنه. ثُمَّ قال: ادعُ لِى مَن كان ههُنا مِن مَشيَخَةِ مُهاجِرَةِ الفَتحِ. فدَعَوتُهُم فاستَشارَهُم فاجتَمَعَ رأيُهُم على أن يَرجِعَ بالنّاسِ. فأَذَّنَ عُمَرُ -﵁- فى النّاسِ: إنِّى مُصبحٌ على ظَهرٍ فأَصبِحوا عَلَيه؛ فإِنِّى ماضٍ لِما أرَى، فانظُروا ما آمُرُكُم به فامضوا له. فأَصبَحَ [على ظَهرٍ] (^٢). قال: فرَكِبَ\n_________\n= (٧٥٢٤)، وابن حبان (٢٩٥٤) من طريق عامر به.\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢١٨/ ٩٦).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"14","page":430},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁- ثُمَّ قال لِلنّاسِ: إنَّى أرجِعُ. فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ -﵁- وكانَ يَكرَهُ أن يُخالِفَه: أفِرارًا (^١) مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ؟! فغَضِبَ عُمَرُ -﵁- وقالَ: لَو غَيرُكَ قال هَذا يا أبا عُبَيدَةَ؟ نَعَم، أفِرُّ مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ إلَى قَدَرِ اللَّهِ؛ أرأيتَ لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا هَبَطَ واديًا له عُدوَتانِ (^٢)؛ واحِدَةٌ جَدْبَةٌ والأُخرَى خَصِبَةٌ، ألَيسَ إن رَعَى الجَدْبَةَ رَعاها بقَدَرِ اللَّهِ، وإِن رَعَى الخَصبَةَ رَعاها بقَدَرِ اللَّهِ؟ قال: ثُم خَلا بأَبِى عُبَيدَةَ فتَراجَعا ساعَةً، فجاءَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- وكانَ مُتَغَيِّبًا فى بَعضِ حاجَتِه، فجاءَ والقَومُ يَختَلِفونَ، فقالَ: إنَّ عِندِى فى هَذا عِلمًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: فما هوَ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا سَمِعتُم به فى أرضٍ فلا تَقدَموا عَلَيه، وِإذا وقَعَ بأَرضٍ وأَنتُم فيها (^٣) فلا يُخرِجَنَّكُمُ الفِرارُ مِنه\". فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، فرَجَعَ وأَمرَ النّاسَ أن يَرجِعوا.\nقال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِى سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قالا: إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- إنَّما رَجَعَ بالنّاسِ مِن سَرْغَ عن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أفرار\".\n(^٢) العدوة بضم العين وكسرها: جانب الوادى. النهاية ٣/ ١٩٤.\n(^٣) فى س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"بها\"، وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (٤٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٥٢٢)، وابن حبان (٢٩٥٣) من طريق الزهرى به، دون قول ابن شهاب الأخير. وعندهم جميعًا: عبد اللَّه بن عبد اللَّه بن الحارث بن نوفل. وقول ابن شهاب أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٢٩ - تتمة مسند عبد الرحمن) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (٦٦٣٠).","vol":"14","page":431},{"text":"وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٦١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأَسْفاطىُّ يَعنى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَه أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ. فقالَ: \"هَل (^٢) لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ. قال: \"هَل فيها أورَقُ (^٣)؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"بمَ ذاكَ؟ \". قال: ذاكَ عِرقٌ نَزَعَه. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"فلَعَلَّ ابنَكَ نَزَعَه عِرقٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وَجْهٍ (^٥) آخرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٦).\n\n١٤٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا شَريكُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه قال: كان فى وفدِ ثَقيفٍ رَجُلٌ مَجذومٌ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا قَد\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢١٩/. . .)، والبخارى (٥٧٢٩). وعنده: عبد اللَّه بن عبد اللَّه. وليس عندهما قول ابن شهاب الأخير.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"تكون\".\n(^٣) الأَوْرَق: الذى فيه سواد ليس بصاف. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١٣٣.\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب (٢٨٩٠)، وبرواية محمد بن الحسن (٦٠٠١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٢٩٨). وسيأتى فى (١٥٤٥١، ١٧٢٢٦)، وفى (٢١٣١٧).\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: أوجه\".\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٣٠٥، ٦٨٤٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٨ - ٢٠).","vol":"14","page":432},{"text":"بايَعناكَ فارجِعْ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ الفَضلِ بنِ علىِّ (^٢) بنِ محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى وعن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا فى بابِ الكَفاءَةِ عن أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِرَّ مِنَ المَجذومِ فِرارَكَ مِنَ الأسَدِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا عَدوَى ولا هامَةَ ولا صَفَرَ، واتَّقوا المجذومَ كما يُتَّقَى الأسَدُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٨١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٦٨) من طريق شريك به. وأحمد (١٩٤٧٤)، والنسائى (٤١٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٤٤) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ. وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٤٧، ١٩٣٣٦) أبو العباس الفضل بن على بن محمد، وهو كذلك فى المنتخب من السياق (١٣٨٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٣١).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٣٨٨٧).\n(^٥) حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (١١١). وأخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٣٠٧ عن ابن بشران به. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٣٩، والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٣٠٧ من طريق الدراوردى به.","vol":"14","page":433},{"text":"١٤٣٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ القُرَشِىِّ، عن أُمِّه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُحِدّوا النَّظَرَ إلَيهِم\". يَعنِى المَجذومينَ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدَّثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدَّثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ الحُسَينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُديموا النَّظَرَ إلَيهِم\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أُمِّه فاطِمَةَ بنتِ الحُسَينِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُديموا النَّظَرَ إلَى المجاذيمِ\" (^٣). وقيلَ: عَنها عن أبيها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٧٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢١)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٤٣) من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به. وإسناده ضعيف. ينظر تحقيق الطيالسى.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٣٨ عن ابن أبى مريم به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٧٩١: فاطمة هى أم محمد الديباج.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٤٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى تعليقًا فى التاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٧٧، وأبو يعلى (٦٧٧٤)، وابن عدى فى الكامل =","vol":"14","page":434},{"text":"١٤٣٦٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أخَذَ بيَدِ مَجذومٍ فوَضَعَها مَعَه فى قَصعَةٍ فقالَ: \"كُلْ باسمِ اللَّهِ وتَوَكُّلًا عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٤٣٦٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٢) علىُّ بنُ محمدِ [بنِ محمدِ] (^٣) بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدَّثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المروَزِىُّ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدَّثنا هَمّامُ ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أبى عَمْرَةَ، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ ثَلَاثةً فى بَنِى إسرائيلَ أبرَصَ وأَقرَعَ وأَعمَى أرادَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أن يَبتَليَهُم، فبَعَثَ إلَيهِم مَلَكًا فأَتَى الأبرَصَ فقالَ: أىُّ شَئٍ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ؟ قال: لَونٌ حَسَنٌ وجِلدٌ حَسَنٌ، فقَد قَذِرَنِى النّاسُ\". قال: \"فمَسَحَه فذَهَبَ عنه قَذَرُه وأُعطِىَ لَونًا حَسَنًا وجِلدًا حَسَنًا\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ\n_________\n= ٤/ ١٤٧٣ من طريق فاطمة به.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٢٥)، والترمذى (١٨١٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٤٢) من طريق يونس بن محمد به، وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٤٧).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الحسين\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٤٣.\n(^٣) زيادة من: ص ٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣١٤) من طريق شيبان بن فروخ به. والبخارى (٣٤٦٤) من طريق همام به.","vol":"14","page":435},{"text":"ابنِ فرّوخ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3114>بابُ مَن قال: يَرجِعُ المغرورُ بالمهرِ وقيمَةِ الأولادِ على الَّذِى غَرَّه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى القَديمِ: قَضَى عُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ وابنُ عباسٍ -﵃- فى المَغرورِ: يَرجِعُ بالمَهرِ على مَن غَرَّه (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدَّثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ المسَيَّبِ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أيُّما رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةً وبِها جُنونٌ أو جُذامٌ أو بَرَصٌ فمَسَّها، فلَها صَداقُها، وذَلِكَ لِزَوجِها غُرمٌ على وليِّها (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ: عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أبى الوَضِئِ (^٤)، أنَّ أخَوَينِ تَزَوَّجا أُختَينِ، فأُهديَت كُلُّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما إلَى أخِى زَوجِها فأَصابَها، فقَضَى علىٌّ -﵁- على كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بصَداقٍ وجَعَلَه يَرجِعُ به على الَّذِى غَرَّه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٩٦٤).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤٢٥٥). وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٣٣٩ - ١٤٣٤١، ١٤٣٤٦، ١٤٣٤٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٤٣٣٩).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الوضين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ١٦٩.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٥٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٢. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٣٤٧).","vol":"14","page":436},{"text":"١٤٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عُمَرَ أو عثمانَ -﵄- قَضى أحَدُهُما فى أمَةٍ غَرَّت بنَفسِها رَجُلًا فذَكَرَت أنَّها حُرَّةٌ فوَلَدَت أولادًا، فقَضى أن يُفدَى ولَدُه بمِثلِهِم (^١).\nقال مالكٌ ﵀: وذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى القيمَةِ؛ لأنَّ العَبدَ لا يُؤتَى بمِثلِه ولا نَحوِه، فلِذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى القيمَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: ومَن قال: لا يَرجِعُ بالمَهرِ -وهو قَولُ الشّافِعِىِّ فى الجَديدِ- احتَجَّ بما رُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ نَكَحَت بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّها فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فإِن أصابَها فلَها الصَّداقُ بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فإِذا جَعَلَ الصَّداقَ لَها بالمسيسِ فى النِّكاحِ الفاسِدِ بكُلِّ حالٍ ولَم يَرُدَّه به عَلَيها، وهِىَ التى غَرَّته لا غَيرُها، كان فى النِّكاحِ الصحيحِ الَّذِى لِلزَّوجِ فيه الخيارُ أولَى أن يَكونَ لِلمَرأَةِ، وإِذا كان لِلمَرأَةِ لَم يَجُزْ أن تَكونَ هِىَ الآخِذَةَ له ويَغرَمَه وليُّها. قال: وقَضَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فى التى نَكَحَت فى عِدَّتِها: إن أُصيبَت فلَها المَهرُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد كان يقولُ: هو فى بَيتِ المالِ (^٤). ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عن ذَلِكَ. قال مَسروقٌ: رَجَعَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- عن قَولِه فى الصَّداق، وجَعَلَه لَها بما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٥٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣١، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤١.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٧٢٩، ١٣٧٣٠، ١٣٧٧٢، ١٣٨٢٧، ١٣٨٣٣، ١٣٩٠٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٨٥. وسيأتى أثر عمر فى (١٥٦٣١، ١٥٦٣٢).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٥٦٣٤).","vol":"14","page":437},{"text":"استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3115>بابُ الأمَةِ تَعتِقُ وزَوجُها عبدٌ</span>\n\n١٤٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدَّثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدَّثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ فتُعتِقها، وأَرادَ مَواليها أن يَشتَرِطوا الوَلاءَ، فذَكَرَت عائشَةُ ذاكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَريها وأَعتِقيها، فإِنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ\". قالَت: وأُتِىَ بلَحمٍ فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". فقالوا: هَذا أهدَته إلَينا بَريرَةُ تُصدِّقَ به عَلَيها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو عَلَيها صَدَقَةٌ ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\". قال (^٢): وخُيِّرَت وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا. قال شُعبَةُ: ثُمَّ سألتُه بَعدُ فقالَ: ما أدرِى أحُرٌّ هو أم عبدٌ؟. قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ لسِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ: إنِّى أتَّقِى أن أسأَلَه عن الإسنادِ فسَلْه أنتَ. قال: وكانَ فى خُلُقِه (^٣). فقالَ له سِماكٌ بَعدَ ما حَدَّثَ: أحَدَّثَكَ هَذا أبوكَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-؟ فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: نَعَم. فلَمّا خَرَجَ قال لِى سِماكٌ: يا شُعبَةُ استَوثَقتُه (^٤) لَكَ مِنه (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (١٥٦٣٨).\n(^٢) فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"قالت\". وكتب: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) أى: كان فى خلقه ضيق. ينظر الجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٦٥، ٢/ ٣٥.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧، والطيالسى: \"استوثقت\". وكذا فى حاشية الأصل.\n(^٥) الطيالسى (١٥٢٠)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥١١٥) وليس عنده ذكر سماك. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وفيه: وكان زوجها عبدًا، ثم قال بعد ذلك: لا أدرى. وسيأتى فى =","vol":"14","page":438},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ النَّوفَلِىِّ عن أبى داودَ (^١)، وأَخرَجَه هو والبُخارِىُّ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، ولَم يَذكُرا قَولَ سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ فأَثبَتَ عنه كَونَ زَوجِها عبدًا:\n\n١٤٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ ابنُ بنتِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى مُعاويَةُ ابنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّها اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ مِن أُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فاشتَرَطوا الوَلاءَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لِمَن ولِىَ النِّعمَةَ\". قال (^٣): وخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ زَوجُها عبدًا، وأَهدَت لِعائشَةَ لَحمًا فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو صَنَعتُم لَنا مِن هَذا اللَّحمِ؟ \". قالَت عائشَةُ: تُصُدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ. فقالَ: \"هو عَلَيها صَدَقَةٌ ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو\n_________\n= (٢١٧٦٢). وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢١٧٣).\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٠٤/. . .).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١٢)، والبخارى (٢٥٧٨).\n(^٣) فى م، وحاشة الأصل بخطه: \"قالت\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٢١٧٤، ١٣٨٨٣).","vol":"14","page":439},{"text":"ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ ابنُ علىٍّ، عن زائدَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٧٦ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كانَت بَريرَةُ مُكاتبَةً لأُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى الوَلاءِ وفِى الهَديَّةِ. قالَت: وكانَت تَحتَ عبدٍ، فلَمّا عَتَقَت قال لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن شِئتِ تَقَرّينَ تَحتَ هَذا العَبدِ وإِن شِئتِ [أن تُفَارِقيه] (^٣) \".\nهَذا يُؤَكِّدُ رِوايَةَ سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ. وقَد قيلَ: عن أُسامَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n١٤٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ المعروفُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٧٦٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٣٤)، والنسائى (٣٤٥٣) من طريق حسين بن على به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١١).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"تفارقينه\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٦٨) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٧٦) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٢ من طريق أسامة به.","vol":"14","page":440},{"text":"بأَبِى الشيخِ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان زَوجُها عبدًا، فخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاختارَت نَفسَها، ولَو كان حُرًّا لَم يُخَيِّرْها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى؛ قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ الآخَرانِ: حدَّثنا أبو هِشامٍ المخزومِىُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الزُّهرِىُّ وهِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ كِلاهُما حَدَّثَنى عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كانَت بَريرَةُ عِندَ عبدٍ فعَتَقَت، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمرَها بيَدِها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥١٨)، وفى المعرفة (٤٢٦٢). وتقدم فى (١٣٨٧٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٩).\n(^٣) مسند إسحاق (٧٤٧)، وعنه النسائى (٣٤٥٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١٣).\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٠. وسيأتى فى (١٤٣٩٩) من طريق ابن إسحاق عن هشام.","vol":"14","page":441},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن أبانِ بنِ صالِحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^١).\n\n١٤٣٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَعنٍ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ بنُ ماهانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ مِقسَمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَيَّرَها وكانَ زَوجُها مَملوكًا (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٨١ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ علىٍّ الفامِىُّ ببَغدادَ فى مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ الملِكِ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا أسوَدَ يُسَمَّى مُغيثًا، كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه يَسعَى فى طُرُقِ المدينَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان عبدًا أسوَدَ اسمُه مُغيثٌ قال: فكأنِّى أراه يَتبَعُها فى سِكَكِ المَدينَةِ يَعصِرُ عَينَيه عَلَيها. قال: وقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيها أربَعَ قَضيّاتٍ؛ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ\". وخَيَّرَها\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (١٤٣٩٩).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٢٦٠، والطبرانى (١١٨٢٥) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"14","page":442},{"text":"وأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ. قال: وتُصُدِّقَ عَلَيها بصَدَقَةٍ فأَهدَت منها إلى عائشةَ، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"هو لَها صَدَقَةٌ ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ عن شُعبَةَ وهَمّامٍ مُختَصَرًا، قال: رأيتُه عبدًا. يَعنِى زَوجَ بَريرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ذاكَ مُغيثٌ عبدٌ لِبَنِى فُلانٍ، كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه يَتبَعُها فى سِكَكِ المَدينَةِ يَبكِى عَلَيها. يَعنى بَريرَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ شَبَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا أسوَدَ كان يُقالُ له: مُغيثٌ. عبدٌ لِبَنِى فُلانٍ، كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه [يَطوفُ خَلفَها] (^٥) فى سِكَكِ المدينَةِ يَبكِى. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢، ٣٤٠٥)، وأبو داود مختصرًا (٢٢٣٢) من طريق همام به. والترمذى (١١٥٦) من طريق قتادة به. وابن حبان (٥١٢٠) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١١٥٦) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٢٨١).\n(^٥) فى س: \"يتبعها\".","vol":"14","page":443},{"text":"عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٤٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، حدَّثنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدَّثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدَّثنا بُندارٌ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدَّثنا أحمدُ الدَّورَقِىُّ قالا: حدَّثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا يُقالُ له: مُغيثٌ. كأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه يَطوفُ خَلفَها يَبكِى ودُموعُه تَسيلُ على لحيَتِه. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلعباسِ -﵁-: \"ألا تَعجَبُ مِن حُبِّ مُغيثٍ بَريرَةَ ومِن بُغضِ بَريرَةَ مُغيثًا؟ \". فقالَ لَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَو راجَعتيه؛ فإِنَّه أبو ولَدِكَ؟ \". قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ تأمُرُنِى؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما أنا أشفَعُ\". قالَت: فلا حاجَةَ لِى فيهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٣٨٦ - وقد (^٤) أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى العَلاءِ الهَمَذانِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخازِنُ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ الأبّارُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٢٨٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٥٤٣٢) عن بندار به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٧٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وأحمد (١٨٤٤)، وأبو داود (٢٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٢٧٣) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٢٨٣).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى أصل المؤلف على: وقد\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٣. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢٩٢٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن الحسين به.","vol":"14","page":444},{"text":"١٤٣٨٧ - وروَاه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ قال: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ عبدًا يُقالُ له: مُغيثٌ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٤٣٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، أنَّ زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان عبدًا (^٢). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١٤٣٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: لا تُخَيَّرُ إذا أُعتِقَتْ (^٣) إلَّا أن يَكونَ زَوجُها عبدًا (^٤).\n\n١٤٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٨/ ٢٥٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٦٤٦) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"عتقت\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠١٣) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٥٥) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٠١٤) من طريق نافع به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٤٠١).","vol":"14","page":445},{"text":"مَوهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّه كان لَها غُلامٌ وجاريَةٌ زَوجٌ، فقالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أُريدُ أن أُعتِقَهُما. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن أعتَقتِهِما فابدَئى بالرَّجُلِ قَبلَ المَرأَةِ\" (^١). ابنُ مَوهَبٍ هو عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، تَفَرَّدَ بهِ. ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أمَرَ بالبِدايَةِ بالرَّجُلِ لئلا يَكونَ لَها الخيارُ إذا أُعتِقَت، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا كانَتِ الأمَةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ فعَتَقا جَميعًا فلا خيارَ لَها، وإِن عَتَقَت قَبلَه وسَكَتَت حَتَّى عَتَقَ زَوجُها فلا خيارَ لَها أيضًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3116>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أَنَّ زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان حُرًّا يَومَ أُعتِقَت</span>\n\n١٤٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ قال (^٢): حدَّثنا الفِرْيابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان حُرًّا، وأَنَّها خُيِّرَت حينَ أُعتِقَت فقالَت: ما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٢) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عبد المجيد به. والنسائى (٤٩٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٣١١) من طريق ابن موهب به.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"14","page":446},{"text":"أُحِبُّ أن أكونَ مَعَه ولِى كَذا وكَذا (^١). هَكَذا أدرَجَه الثَّورِىُّ فى الحديثِ عن عائشةَ -﵂-.\nوقَولُه: كان زَوجُها حُرًّا. مِن قَولِ الأسوَدِ لا مِن قَولِ عائشةَ -﵂-؛ بدَليلِ ما:\n\n١٤٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ والحَجَبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ واشتَرَطَ أهلُها ولاءَها، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى اشتَرَيتُ بَريرَةَ لأُعتِقَها، وإِنَّ أهلَها يَشتَرِطونَ ولاءَها. فقالَ: \"أعتِقيها؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ، أو لمن أعطَى الثَّمَنَ\". قال: فاشتَرَتها فأَعتَقَتْها. قال: وخُيِّرَت فاختارَت نَفسَها. فقالَت: لَو أُعطيتُ كَذا وكَذا ما كُنتُ مَعَه. قال الأسوَدُ: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا.\n\n١٤٣٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدَّثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ النّيلىُّ إملاءً مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه وفِى آخِرِه: قالَ الأسوَدُ: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ هَكَذا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٣٥) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى فى (١٤٣٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٢٧١) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٣٩٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.","vol":"14","page":447},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: قَولُ الأسوَدِ مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: رأيتُه عبدًا. أصَحُّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد تابَعَ جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ مِن رِوايَةِ إسحاقَ الحَنظَلِىِّ عنه عن مَنصورٍ أبا عَوانَةَ على فصلِ هذه اللَّفظَةِ مِنَ الحديث وتَمييزِها عنه.\n\n١٤٣٩٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ شادِلِ بنِ علىٍّ الهاشِمِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: وخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن زَوجِها فاختارَت نَفسَها. قال الأسوَدُ: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا (^٢).\n\n١٤٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ لِلعِتقِ، فأَرادَ مَواليها أن يَشتَرِطوا ولاءَها، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اشتَريها؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". وخَيَّرَها مِن زَوجِها (^٣) وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا، وأُتِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بلَحمٍ، فقيلَ: هَذا ممّا تُصُدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ. قال: \"هو لَها صَدَقَةٌ ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\" (^٤). هَكَذا أدرَجَه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ وبَعضُ الرّواةِ عن شُعبَةَ فى الحديثِ. وقَد جَعَلَه بَعضُهُم\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧٥٤).\n(^٢) مسند إسحاق (١٥٤١). وسيأتى فى (٢١٧٦٥).\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"فاختارت نفسها\".\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١٤٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٢٦)، والنسائى (٢٦١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"14","page":448},{"text":"مِن قَولِ إبراهيمَ، وبَعضُهُم مِن قَولِ الحَكَمِ.\n\n١٤٣٩٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ لِلعِتقِ، وأَرادَ مَواليها أن يَشتَرِطوا ولاءَها، فذَكَرَت عائشَةُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَريها؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: وأُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بلَحمٍ فقُلتُ: هَذا مِمّا تُصدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو لَها صَدَقَةٌ ولَنا هَديَّةٌ\". قال الحَكَمُ: قال إبراهيمُ: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا فخُيِّرَت مِن زَوجِها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ (^٢). ورَواه عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن شُعبَةَ وفِى آخِرِه: قال الحَكَمُ: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا. قال البخارىُّ: وقَولُ الحَكَمِ مُرسَلٌ، وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: رأيتُه عبدًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ ومُجاهِدٍ وعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، كُلُّهم عن عائشةَ -﵂- أن زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان عبدًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٢٦١ من طريق شعبة مقتصرًا على موضع الشاهد وقول إبراهيم.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٤٩٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٥١).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢١٧٤، ١٣٨٨٣، ١٤٣٧٣ - ١٤٣٨٠)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٣٩٩).","vol":"14","page":449},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَسَنِ محمدَ بنَ موسَى المُقرِئَ (^١) يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ يقولُ: خالَفَ الأسوَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ النّاسَ فى زَوجِ بَريرَةَ فقالَ: إنَّه حُرٌّ. وقالَ النّاسُ: إنَّه كان عبدًا.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى حُذَيفَةَ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ، وعن أبى جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىِّ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-؛ قال أحَدُهُما: إنَّ زَوجَ بَريرَةَ كان عبدًا حينَ أُعتِقَت. وقالَ الآخَرُ: قالَت: كان زَوجُ بَريرَةَ مَملوكًا لآلِ أبى أحمدَ.\n\n١٤٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا بالأوَّلِ أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عِمرانَ ابنُ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\nصالِحٍ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ. (ح) وأخبرَنا بالثّانِى أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مُجاهِدٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ صاحِبُ أبى صَخرَةَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنُ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدَّثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدَّثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ. فذكره (^٤). ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ بشَئٍ مِن هَذَينَ الوَجهَينِ؛ فرِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الثَّورِىِّ والأعمَشِ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"العربى\"، وفى ص ٧: \"المقدسى\".\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"ثنا أبو بكر ابن مجاهد\".\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"أبو عبد\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١١، والسير ١٢/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"فذكراه\". وكذا فى حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"بخطه\".\nوالأثر عند الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨٩. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٣٧٤) من طريق أبى جعفر الرازى. وفيه: كان حرًّا مولًى لآل أبى أحمد.","vol":"14","page":450},{"text":"والاعتِمادُ على ما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يَعنِى ابنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ لَنا: أيُّهُما تَرَونَ أَثبَتَ (^١)؛ عُروةُ أو إبراهيمُ عن الأسوَدِ؟ ثُمَّ قال علىٌّ: أهلُ الحِجازِ أثبَتُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يُريدُ علىٌّ: وِوايَةُ عُروةَ وأَمثالِه مِن أهلِ الحِجازِ أصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ أهلِ الكوفَةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3117>بابُ ما جاءَ فى وقتِ الخيارِ</span>\n\n١٤٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، [حدثنا أبو داودَ] (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، و(^٣) عن أبانِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، وعن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ بَريرَةَ أُعتِقَت (^٤) وهِىَ عِندَ مُغيثٍ، عبدٍ لآلِ أبى أحمدَ، فخَيَّرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ لَها: \"إن قَرِبَكِ فلا خيارَ لَكِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى حاشية الأصل: \"فى\". وكتب بجوارها: \"ص\".\n(^٢) ليس فى: الأصل، ص ٧. وكتبها فى حاشية الأصل وكتب: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٠.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عتقت\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥١٩)، وفى المعرفة (٤٢٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٣٦).","vol":"14","page":451},{"text":"١٤٤٠٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَرّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الشّامِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَعْنى (^١) لِبَريرَةَ: \"إن وطِئَكِ فلا خيارَ لَكِ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، كِلاهُما عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يقولُ فى الأمَةِ تَكونُ تَحتَ العَبدِ فتَعتِقُ: إنَّ لَها الخيارَ ما لَم يَمَسَّها.\nزادَ مالكٌ فى رِوايَتِه: فإِن مَسَّها فلا خيارَ لَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"يعنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن السماك فى حديثه (٤٠٠ - مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية)، وعنه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٤ عن أحمد بن على الخزاز. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٣٨٥) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٤ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٦/ ٧٩٦: وهو كذاب.\nوفي حاشية الأصل أمام هذا الحديث: \"ضُرب فى الأصل على هذا الحديث وكتب عليه: صح. فلا يدرى أيهما يعتمد\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٦٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٢، ومالك ٢/ ٥٦٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٨١، ١٦٦٨٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٠١٦، ١٣٠١٨)، والطحاوى فى =","vol":"14","page":452},{"text":"١٤٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ مَولاةً لِبَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ يُقالُ لَها: زَبْراءُ. أخبَرَته أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ عبدٍ وهِىَ أمَةٌ نوبيَّةٌ فأُعتِقَت. قالت (^١): فأَرسَلَت إلَىَّ حَفصَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فدعَتنِى فقالَت: إنِّى مُخبِرَتُكِ خَبَرًا، ولا أُحِبُّ أن تَصنَعِى شَيئًا، إنَّ أمرَكِ بيَدِكِ ما لَم يَمَسَّكِ زَوجُكِ. قالَت (^٢): ففارَقتُه ثَلاثًا (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ.\nويُذكَرُ عن أبى قِلابَةَ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: إذا جامَعَها فلا خيارَ لَها (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3118>بابُ المُعتَقَةِ يُصيبُها زَوجُها فادَّعَتِ الجَهالَةَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ (^٥) ﵀ فى القَديمِ: فيها قَولانِ؛ أحَدُهُما: تَحلِفُ\n_________\n= شرح المشكل عقب (٤٣٨٦) من طريق نافع به.\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، ص ٧، م: \"قال\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"بخطه\".\n(^٢) فى ص ٧: \"قال\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٦٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٢، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٦٣، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٣٨٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٢٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٨٤) من طريق أبى قلابة به.\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٧١)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٢/ ٢٦٥ عن الشافعى.","vol":"14","page":453},{"text":"ويَكونُ لَها الخيارُ. وهو أحَبُّ إلَينا، والقَولُ الآخَرُ: لا خيارَ لَها (^١).\n\n١٤٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوَشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ فى الأمَةِ تَكونُ تَحتَ العَبدِ فتَعِتقُ: إنَّ لَها الخيارَ ما لَم يَمَسَّها. فإِن مَسَّها فزَعَمَت أنَّها جَهِلَت أنَّ لَها الخيارَ؛ فإِنَّها تُتَّهَمُ ولا تُصَدَّقُ بما ادَّعَت مِنَ الجَهالَةِ، ولا خيارَ لَها بَعدَ أن يَمَسَّها (^٢). وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ: إذا وقَعَ عَلَيها ولَم تَعلَمْ فلَها الخيارُ إذا عَلِمَت (^٣).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ فى القَديمِ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن يونُسَ عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال فى الأمَةِ تَعتِقُ فيَغشَاها زَوجُها قَبلَ أن تُخَيَّرَ قال: تُستَحلَفُ أنَّها لَم تَعلَمْ أنَّ لَها الخيارَ، ثُمَّ تُخَيَّرُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3119>بابُ المُعتَقَةِ تَختارُ الفِراقَ ولَم تُمَسَّ فلا صَداقَ لَها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَ الفِراقَ جاءَ مِن قِبَلِها لا مِن قِبَلِ الزَّوجِ.\n_________\n(^١) مالكٌ فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٦٢ وعنده أن قوله: فإن مسها. . . من قول مالكٌ لا من قول ابن عمر.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠١٩)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٣٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بعد ذلك واللَّه أعلم\".\nوالأثر فى المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٢٧١) عن الشافعى. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٩٨) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٤١٣) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"14","page":454},{"text":"١٤٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال فى الأمَةِ إذا أُعتِقَت قَبلَ أن يُدخَلَ بها فاختارَت نَفسَها: فلا شَئَ لَها، لا يَجتَمِعُ عَلَيه أن تَذهَبَ نَفسُها ومالُه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3120>بابُ أجَلِ العِنّيِن </span>(^١)\n\n١٤٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدَّثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال فى العِنّينِ: يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً؛ فإِن قَدَرَ عَلَيها وإِلا فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما، ولَها المَهرُ وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا على قَولِه أنَّ الخَلوَةَ تُقَرِّرُ المَهرَ وتوجِبُ العِدَّةَ. وروَاه مَعمَرٌ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ دونَ هذه الزّيادَةِ (^٣). وروَاه ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) العِنّين: هو الذى لا يأتى النساء رأسا، وقيل: الذى له ذكر لا ينتشر. وقيل: الذى له مثل الزر. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٢٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٥٤، ١٦٦٥٨، ١٩٠١٥) من طريق ابن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى كما فى مختصر المزنى ص ١٧٨، ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٧٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٧٢٠)، وابن المقرئ فى معجمه (٣٢٩)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٥ من طريق معمر به.","vol":"14","page":455},{"text":"أبى لَيلَى عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُرسَلًا، أنَّه كان يُؤَجِّلُ سنةً. وقالَ فيه: لا أعلَمُه إلَّا مِن يَومِ يُرفَعُ إلَى السُّلطانِ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو طَلحَةَ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا بُنْدارٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ [قال: سَمِعتُ أبى وحُصَينَ بنَ قَبيصَةَ يُحَدِّثانِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً؛ فإِن أتَاها وإِلَّا فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ] (^٢)، عن أبى النُّعمانِ قال: أتَينا المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ -﵁- فى العِنّينِ فقالَ: يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٠٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الرُّكَينِ، عن أبى طَلقٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ ابنِ شُعبَةَ قال: العِنّينُ يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٠٠٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٤٨) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠١٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٣٧) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٢٣)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٧٠٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٣٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٢٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٣٥) من طريق سفيان به. عند عبد الرزاق: ابن النعمان. وسقط منه: عن الركين. وعند ابن أبى شيبة: أبى حنظلة النعمان.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ١/ ٢٧٩ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"14","page":456},{"text":"الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ، أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ -﵁- أجَّلَه سنةً مِن يَومِ رافَعَته. قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وكَذَلِكَ قال سفيانُ ومالِكٌ: مِن يَومِ تُرافِعُه (^١).\n\n١٤٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الرُّكَينِ ابنِ الرَّبيعِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا طَلقٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ -﵁-، أنَّه رُفِعَ إلَيه (^٢) رَجُلٌ عَجَزَ أن يأتِىَ امرأتَه فأَجَّلَه سنةً (^٣).\n\n١٤٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدَّثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدَّثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى الرُّكَينُ، عن حُصينِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يَذكُرُه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال فى العِنّينِ: يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً؛ فإِن دَخَلَ بها وإِلَّا فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى الرُّكَينُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا طَلقٍ (^٤)، أنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ أجَّلَ العِنّينِ سنةً (^٥).\n\n١٤٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) بعده فى ص ٧، وحاشية الأصل: \"فى\". وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) الجعديات (٦٧٧).\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"يقول\".\n(^٥) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٩٨.","vol":"14","page":457},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ [بنُ محمدِ] (^١) بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ قال: حَدَّثونا عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ قال: قيلَ لِسُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ: إنَّ شُعبَةَ يُخالِفُكَ فى حَديثِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ فى العِنّينِ يُؤَجَّلُ سنةً، وتَرويانِ عن الرُّكَينِ؛ تَقولُ أنتَ: أبو النُّعمانِ. ويَقولُ هو: أبو طَلقٍ. فضحِكَ سفيانُ وقالَ: كُنتُ أنا وشُعبَةُ عِندَ الرُّكَينِ، فمَرَّ ابنٌ لأبِى النُّعمانِ يُقالُ له: أبو طَلقٍ. فقالَ الرُّكَينُ: سَمِعتُ أبا أبى طَلقٍ. فذَهَبَ على شُعبَةَ أبا أبى طَلق؛ فقالَ: أبو طَلقٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا هَذا المَذهَبَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ، وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن هانِئِ بنِ هانِئٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- حَسناءُ جَميلَةٌ فقالَت: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، هَل لَكَ فى امرأةٍ لا أيَّمٍ ولا ذاتِ زَوجٍ؟ فعَرَفَ ما تَقولُ، فأُتِىَ بزَوجِها فإِذا هو سَيِّدُ قَومِه، فقالَ: ما تَقولُ فيما تَقولُ هذه؟ قال: هو ما تَرَى عَلَيها. قال: شَئٌ غَيرُ هَذا؟ قال: لا. قال: ولا\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س. وهو أبو بكر عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن مسلم الإسفرايينى. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٥٤٧.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٩٨.\n(^٣) ينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٥٨٥، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٢٦، ١٠٧٢٧)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٢٠١٤، ٢٠١٥، ٢٠١٧)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٤٠، ١٦٦٤٢ - ١٦٦٤٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٥.","vol":"14","page":458},{"text":"مِن آخِرِ السَّحَرِ؟ قال: ولا مِن آخِرِ السَّحَرِ. قال: هَلَكتَ وأَهلَكتَ، وإِنِّى لأكرَهُ أن أُفَرِّقَ بَينَكُما (^١).\n\n١٤٤١٤ - ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن أبى إسحاقَ بمَعناه وقالَ: وجاءَ زَوجُها يَتلوها مِن بَعدِها شَيخٌ على عَصًا. وزادَ: اتَّقِى اللَّهَ وأصبِرِى. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويه، أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى سُنَنِ حَرمَلَةَ: هَذا الحَديثُ لَو كان ثَبَتَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- لَم يَكُنْ فيه خِلافٌ لِعُمَرَ -﵁-؛ لأنَّه قَد يَكونُ أصابَها ثُمَّ بَلَغَ هَذا السِّنَّ فصارَ لا يُصيبُها. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: مَعَ أنَّه يَعلَمُ أنَّ هانِئَ بنَ هانِئٍ يُعرَفُ، وأَنَّ هَذا الحديثَ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ ممّا لا يُثبِتونَه؛ لجَهالَتِهِم بهانِئِ بنِ هانِئٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤١٥ - وروَى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن خالِدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن الضَّحّاكِ عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: يُؤَجَّلُ العِنّينُ سنةً، فإِن وصَلَ وإِلا فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما. أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إجازَةً، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٣٥)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى العيال (٥٠٠) من طريق سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٢٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤٢٧٤) عن الشافعى. وينظر الكامل ١/ ١٢٤.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٣٣).","vol":"14","page":459},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3121>بابُ الزَّوجَيِن يَختَلِفانِ فى الإصابَةِ فيَكونُ القَولُ قَولَه إن كانَت ثَيِّبًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّها تُريدُ فسخَ نِكاحِه، وعَلَيه اليَمينُ (^١)\n\n١٤٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ امرأةً دَخَلَت على عائشةَ -﵂- وعَلَيها خِمارٌ أخضرُ، فشَكَت إلَيها زَوجَها، وأَرَتها ضَربًا بجِلدِها، فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت له ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ -﵂- وقالَت: ما تَلقَى نِساءُ المُسلِمينَ مِن أزواجِهِنَّ! وقالَت: لَلَّذِى بجِلدِها أشَدُّ خُضرَةً مِن خِمارِها. قال عِكرِمَةُ: والنِّساءُ يَنْصُرُ بَعضُهُنَ بَعضًا. وجاءَ الرَّجُلُ فقالَت: ما الذِى عِندَه بأَغنَى عَنِّى مِن هَذا. وقالَت بطَرَفِ ثَوبِها. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ إنِّى لأنفُضُها نَفضَ الأديمِ، ولَكِنَّها ناشِزٌ تُريدُ رِفاعَةَ. وكانَ رِفاعَةُ زَوجُها قَد طَلَّقَها قَبلَ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: \"إنَّه إن كان كما تَقولينَ لَم تَحِلِّى له حَتَّى يَذوقَ مِن (^٢) عُسَيلَتِكِ وتَذوقِى مِن عُسَيلَتِه\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدَّثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٤٠.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، ص ٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٥٨٢٥) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"14","page":460},{"text":"أشهَلُ بنُ حاتِمٍ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ فذكَرَت أنَّ زَوجَها لا يَصلُ إلَيها. فسألَ الرَّجُلَ. قال: فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، وكَتَبَ فيه إلَى مُعاويَةَ -﵁-. قال فكَتَبَ: أنْ زَوِّجْه امرأةً مِن بَيتِ المالِ لَها حَظٌّ مِن جَمالٍ ودينٍ؛ فإِن زَعَمَت أنَّه يَصلُ إلَيها فاجمَعْ بَينَهُما، وإِن زَعَمَت أنَّه لا يَصلُ إلَيها ففَرِّقْ بَينَهُما. قال: ففَعَلَ وأَتَى بهِما عِندَه فى الدّارِ. قال: فلَمّا أصبَحَ دَخَلَ النّاسُ ودَخَلتُ. قال: فجاءَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَيه أثَرُ صُفرَةٍ فقالَ له: ما فعَلتَ؟ قال: فعَلتُ واللَّهِ حَتَّى خَضخَصْتُه (^١) فى الثَّوبِ مِن ورائِها. قال: وجاءَتِ المَرأَةُ مُتَقَنِّعَةً فقامَت عِندَ رِجلِه. قال: فسألَها وعَظَّمَ عَلَيها، فقالَت: لا شَئَ. فقالَ: أما يَنتَشِرُ؟ أما يَدنو؟ قالَت: بَلَى، ولَكِنَّه إذا دَنا جاءَ شَرُّه. فقالَ سَمُرَةُ: خَلِّ سَبيلَها يا مُخَضخِضُ (^٢).\nهَذا رأىٌ مِن مُعاويَةَ -﵁-، وقَد يَكونُ الرَّجُلُ عِنّينًا مِنِ امرأةٍ ولا يَكونُ عِنّينًا مِن أُخرَى، ومُتابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ أولَى؛ وقَد قَضى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- باليَمينِ على مَن أنكَرَ (^٣)، والزَّوجُ يُنكِرُ ما تَدَّعِى (^٤) عَلَيه مِنَ العُنَّةِ.\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حصحصته كذا بخطه\"، وهى كذلك فى غريب الحديث. والخضخضة: التحريك. تاج العروس ١٨/ ٣١٧. والحصحصة: تحريك الشئ حتى يستقر ويتمكن. النهاية ١/ ٣٩٤. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٢٤٧).\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"محصحص\". وكتب: \"كذا بخطه مضبوطة فى الموضعين\". والأثر أخرجه أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٠١ من طريق عيينة بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٢١٢٣٩ - ٢١٢٤٥).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"يدعى\".","vol":"14","page":461},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه قال: ما زِلْنا نَسمَعُ أنَّه إذا أصابَها مَرَّةً فلا كَلامَ لَها ولا خُصومَةَ (^١). ورُوِى فى ذلك عن طاوُسٍ والحَسَنِ والزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3122>بابُ العَزلِ</span>\n\n١٤٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قال عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ دينارٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى عَطاءٌ عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا نَعزِلُ والقُرآنُ يَنزِلُ (^٣). روَاه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المدينِىِّ، وروَاه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ ومَعقِلٌ الجَزَرِىُّ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا نَعزِلُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٥). زادَ فيه أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلَم يَنهَنا عنه.\n\n١٤٤١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ البَزّازُ (^٦)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٧٣٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٦٦).\n(^٢) ينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور (٢٠١٨)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٦٦٢ - ١٦٦٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٩٣)، والترمذى (١١٣٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٢٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٢٠٨، ٥٢٠٩)، ومسلم (١٤٤٠/ ١٣٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى (٥٢٠٧) من طريق ابن جريج به. ومسلم (١٤٤٠/ ١٣٧) من طريق معقل به.\n(^٦) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"البزار\".","vol":"14","page":462},{"text":"الحارِثِ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا نَعزِلُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فلَم يَنهَنا عَنه (^١). روَاه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى غَسّانَ عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ لِى جاريَةً وهِى خادِمُنا وسَانيَتُنا (^٣)، وأَنا أطوفُ عَلَيها، وأَنا أكرَهُ أن تَحمِلَ. فقالَ: \"اعزِلْ عَنها إن شِئتَ، فإِنَّه سَيأتيها ما قُدِّرَ لَها\". فلَبِثَ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ أتاه فقالَ: إنَّ الجاريَةَ قَد حَمَلَت. فقالَ: \"قَد أخبَرتُكَ أنَّه سَيأتيها مما قُدِّرَ لَها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ عياضٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- أخِى بَنِى سَلِمَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ لِى جاريَةً وأَنا أعزِلُ عَنها. فقالَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣٥٦) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٤٠/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س. وسانيتنا: أى التى تسقى لنا، كأنها كانت تسقى لهم بدل البعير. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١٣، والنهاية ٢/ ٤١٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٤٦)، وأبو داود (٢١٧٣) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٣٩/ ١٣٤).","vol":"14","page":463},{"text":"\"أمَا إنَّ ذَلِكَ لا يَرُدُّ قَضاءَ اللَّهِ\". فَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فلَم يبَثْ إلَّا يَسيرًا ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أشَعَرتَ أنَّ الجاريَةَ حَمَلَت؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ورسولُه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن سعيدِ ابنِ عمرٍو الأشعَثِىِّ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الطّالْقانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ: ذُكِرَ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، يَعنِى العَزلَ، قال: \"ولِمَ يَفعَلُ أحَدُكُم؟ -ولَم يَقُلْ: فلا يَفعَلْ أحدُكُم- فإِنَّه لَيسَت مِن نَفسٍ مَخلوقَة إلَّا اللَّهُ خالِقُها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن القَواريرِىِّ وأَحمَدَ بنِ عبدَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤). وقالَ البخارىُّ ﵀: وقالَ مُجاهِدٌ. فذَكَره (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ أنَّه قال: دَخَلْتُ المَسجِدَ فرأيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵁-،\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (١٢٥٨). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٩٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٩/ ١٣٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢١٧٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٣٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٩٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٣٢).\n(^٥) البخارى عقب (٧٤٠٩).","vol":"14","page":464},{"text":"فجَلَستُ إلَيه فسألتُه عن العَزلِ، فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ فأَصَبْنا سَبيًا مِن سَبىِ العَرَبِ، فاشتَهَيْنا النِّساءَ واشتَدَّت عَلَينا العُزوبَةُ (^١) وأَحبَبْنا الفِداءَ، فأَرَدْنا أن نَعزِلَ فقُلْنا: نَعزِلُ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ أظهُرِنا قَبلَ أن نَسأَلَه عن ذَلِكَ؟ فسألناه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"ما عَلَيكُم ألَّا تَفعَلوا ذَلِكَ؛ ما مِن نَسَمَةٍ كائنَةٍ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ إلَّا وهِىَ كائنَةٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أنَّه أخبَره قال: أصَبْنا سَبايا فكُنّا نَعزِلُ، فسألْنا (^٤) رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ لَنا: \"وإِنّكم لتَفعَلونَ؟ وإِنَّكُم لتَفعَلونَ؟ وإِنَّكُم لتَفعَلونَ؟ ما مِن نَسَمَةٍ كائنَةٍ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ إِلَّا وهىَ كائنَةٌ\" (^٥). روَاه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"العزبة\" وهما بمعنى.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٤٧٧)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٩٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٦٤٧)، وأبو داود (٢١٧٢). وسيأتى فى (٣٤٨، ١٨٠٣٠، ٢١٨١٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٤٢).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: ثم سالنا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٨٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن أسماء به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٨٢٠).\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٢١٠)، ومسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٢٧).","vol":"14","page":465},{"text":"١٤٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ -﵁- قال: سألْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن العَزلِ فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُم ألا تَفعَلوا، فإِنَّما هو القَدَرُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أبى الوَدّاكِ، عن أَبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁- سَمِعَه (^٣) يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن العَزلِ فقالَ: \"ما مِن كُلِّ الماءِ يَكونُ الوَلَدُ، وإِذا أرادَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَ شَئٍ لَم يَمنَعْه شَئٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بشرِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٢٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٢٨، ١٢٩).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"سمعته\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٦٦، ١١٨٨٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٩١) من طريق أبى الوداك به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٣٣).","vol":"14","page":466},{"text":"فرَدَّ الحديثَ إلَى أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: ذُكِرَ العَزلُ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: فقالَ: \"وما ذاكُم؟ \". قالوا: الرَّجُلُ تَكونُ له المرأَةُ تُرضِعُ فيُصيبُ مِنها، يَكرَهُ أن تَحمِلَ، أو تكونُ له الجاريَةُ فيَكرَهُ أن تَحمِلَ مِنه. فقالَ -ﷺ-: \"فلا عليكم ألا تَفعَلوا ذاكُم، فإِنَّما هو القَدَرُ\" (^١). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" مِن حديثِ ابنِ عونٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ: علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويه العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ حَربٍ حدَّثَهم: حدثنا حَمّادٌ قال: قال ابنُ عَونٍ: ذَكَرتُ لمحَمَّدٍ، يَعنِى حَديثَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ بشرِ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ فى العَزلِ. قال: إيّاىَ حَدَّثَه (^٣) عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ بشرٍ (^٤). روَاه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حربٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ رِفاعَةَ حَدَّثَه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لى جاريَةً وأَنا أعزِلُ عَنها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٧٨)، والنسائى (٣٣٢٧) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٣١).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: حدث\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المزى فى تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥٥٠ من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٣٨/. . .).","vol":"14","page":467},{"text":"وأَنا أكرَهُ أن تَحمِلَ، وأَنا أُريدُ ما يُريدُ الرِّجالُ، وإِنَّ اليهودَ تُحَدِّثُ أنَّ العَزلَ المَوْءودَةٌ الصُّغرَى قال: \"كَذَبَتْ يَهودُ، لَو أرادَ اللَّهُ أن يَخلُقَه ما استَطَعتَ أن تَصرِفَه\" (^١).\n\n١٤٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن العَزلِ، قالوا: إنَّ اليَهودَ تَزعُمُ أنَّ العَزلَ هِىَ المَوءودَةُ الصُّغرَى. قال: \"كَذَبَت يَهودُ\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ فى إباحَةِ العَزلِ عن عَوامِّ الصَّحابَةِ (^٣) -﵃-:\n\n١٤٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا حُصينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُصعَبَ بنَ سَعدٍ، عن أُمِّ ولَدٍ لِسَعدٍ، أنَّ سَعدًا كان يَعزِلُ عَنها (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٧١). أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٨٨، ١١٤٧٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٧٩ - ٩٠٨٢) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحح أبى داود (١٩٠٣).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٣٤). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٠٩١) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"وقع بخط المؤلف: عن عدد من الصحابة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٣٥) من طريق حصين به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٥٥٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٤٥) من طريق مصعب به.","vol":"14","page":468},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يَعزِلُ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٣٣ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا مالكٌ، [عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أفلَحَ مَولَى أبى أيُّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن أُمِّ ولَدٍ لأبِى أيّوبَ، عن أبى أيّوبَ أنَّه كان يَعزِلُ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٣٤ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: حدثنا مالكٌ] (^٢)، عن ضَمرَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ المازِنِىِّ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ غَزيَّةَ، أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فجاءَ ابنُ قَهْدٍ (^٤) رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ فقالَ: يا أبا سعيدٍ، إنَّ عِندِى جَوارٍ لَيسَ نِسائى اللَّاتِى أُكِنُّ بأَعجَبَ إلَىَّ مِنهُنَّ، ولَيسَ كُلُّهُنَّ يُعجِبُنِى أن يَحمِلنَ مِنِّى، أفأعزِلُ؟ فقالَ زَيدٌ: أفتِه يا حَجّاجُ. قال: فقُلتُ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ، إنَّما نَجلِسُ إلَيكَ نَتَعَلَّمُ مِنكَ. قال: أفتِهِ. قال: قُلتُ: هو حَرثُكَ؛ إن شِئتَ سَقَيتَه وإِن شِئتَ أعطَشتَه. قال: وكُنتُ أسمَعُ ذَلِكَ مِن زَيدٍ. فقالَ: صَدَقَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٥.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٧. وجاء فى حاشية الأصل وكتب: \"نقل من الأصل الذى بخط المؤلف\".\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٧٣).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"فهد\". وينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٧/ ٧٧، وشرح الزرقانى ٣/ ٤٩٤، وتاج العروس ٩/ ٨٣.\n(^٥) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و، ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٥، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٥٥).","vol":"14","page":469},{"text":"١٤٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ تَمّامٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه سُئلَ عن العَزلِ فقالَ: ما كان ابنُ آدَمَ ليَقتُلَ نَفسًا قَضَى اللَّهُ خَلقَها، حَرثُكَ إن شِئتَ عَطَّشتَه وإِن شِئتَ سَقَيتَه (^١).\n\n١٤٤٣٦ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ: عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ الملكِ الزَّرّادِ (^٢)، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سألْنا ابنَ عباسٍ عن العَزلِ فقالَ: اذهَبوا فسَلوا النّاسَ ثُمَّ ائتونِى فأَخبِرونِى. فسألوا فأَخبَروه، فتَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١٢]. حَتَّى فرَغَ مِنَ الآيَةِ ثُمَّ قال: كَيفَ تكونُ مِنَ الموءودَةِ حَتَّى تَمُرَّ على هَذا الخَلقِ؟! (^٣)\n\n١٤٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَعزِلُ عن جاريَتِه (^٤) ثُمَّ يُريها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٧٢) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الرزاز\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٧٠) عن سفيان به. وأحمد فى فضائل الصحابة (١٩٣٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"جارية له\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٥٦) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٢٣٣) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"14","page":470},{"text":"١٤٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الفَضلِ بنِ يَزيدَ الثُّمالِىِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما أُبالِى عَزَلتُ أو بَزَقتُ. قال: وكانَ صاحِبُ هذه الدّارِ يَكرَهُه. [يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ] (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3123>بابُ مَن قال: يَعزِلُ عن الحُرَّةِ بإِذنِها وعن الجاريَةِ بغَيرِ إذنِها. وما رُوِىَ فيه</span>\n\n١٤٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ حسنٍ (^٢)، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن مُحَرَّرِ بنِ أبى هريرةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن عَزلِ الحُرَّةِ إلَّا بإِذنِها (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَردَستانِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: عيسى\" اهـ. وكذلك جاء فى مصادر التخريج، والمثبت من النسخ موافق لما فى المهذب ٦/ ٢٨٠٢.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٨٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٢)، وابن ماجه (١٩٢٨) من طريق إسحاق بن عيسى عن ابن لهيعة به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٠٢: ولا أعرف إسحاق، والحديث ضعيف.","vol":"14","page":471},{"text":"إبراهيمَ قال: تُستأمَرُ الحُرَّةُ فى العَزلِ ولا تُستأمَرُ الأَمَةُ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٤١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى عَرفَجَةَ الفائشِىِّ (^٣)، عن عَطيَّةَ العَوفِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: يَعزِلُ عن الأمَةِ ويَستأمِرُ الحُرَّةَ.\n\n١٤٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الكوفىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ قال: سألتُ عَطاءً عن العَزلِ فقالَ: عن الحُرَّةِ برِضاها، وأَمّا الأمَةُ فذاكَ إلَيكَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3124>بابُ مَن كرِه العَزلَ، ومن اختَلَفتِ الرِّوايَةُ عنه فيه، وما رُوِىَ فى كَراهيَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٤٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٤١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٥٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٦٢) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٦٢) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"العائشى\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٧٧، والإكمال لابن ماكولا ٦/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٦١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٦٣) من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"14","page":472},{"text":"شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: قال سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ: كان عُمَرُ -﵁- يَنهَى عن العَزلِ، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَنهَى عن ذَلِكَ، وكانَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵄- يَعزِلانِ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ سنةَ سِتّينَ ومائَتَينِ إملاءً، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يَضرِبُ بَنيه على العَزلِ؛ أى يَنهَى عَنه (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- أنَّهُما كَرِها العَزلَ (^٣)، ورُوّينا عَنهُما الإباحَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن جُدَامَةَ بنتِ وهبٍ أُختِ عُكّاشَةَ بنِ وهبٍ قالَت: حَضرتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى أُناسٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٦٥، ١٢٥٧٧)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٢٢٩) من طريق الزهرى به، وعند عبد الرزاق فى الموضع الأول وسعيد بن منصور دون ذكر سالم.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٣٢) من طريق ابن عون به. ومالك ٢/ ٥٩٥ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٧٩، ١٢٥٨٠)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٢٢، ٢٢٢٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٤٨).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٥٧، ١٢٥٦٧، ١٢٥٦٨)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٢١، ٢٢٣٧)، وشرح المعانى للطحاوى ٣/ ٣٢.","vol":"14","page":473},{"text":"وهو يقولُ: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن أنهَى عن الغيلَةِ، فنَظَرتُ فى الرّومِ وفارِسَ، فإِذا هُم يُغيلونَ أولادَهُم فلا يَضُرُّ أولادَهُم شَيئًا\". وسألوه عن العَزلِ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوأدُ الخَفِىُّ ﴿وَإِذَا الْمَوْءُودَةُ سُئِلَتْ﴾ [التكوير: ٨] \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه عن المُقرِئِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى العَزلِ خِلافَ هَذا، ورواةُ الإباحَةِ أكثَرُ وأَحفَظُ، وأَباحَه مَن سَفَينا مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ؛ فهِىَ أولَى، وتَحتَمِلُ كَراهيَةُ مَن كَرِهَه مِنهُمُ التَّنزيهَ دونَ التَّحريمِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الفَضلُ بنُ على بنِ محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ على النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ عُمَيلَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَكرَهُ عَشْرَ خِلالٍ؛ التَّخَتُّمَ بالذَّهَبِ، وجَرَّ الإزارِ، والصُّفرَةَ يَعنى الخَلوقَ، وتَغييرَ الشَّيبِ، والرُّقَى إلَّا بالمُعَوِّذاتِ، وعَقْدَ التَّمائمِ، والضَّربَ بالكِعابِ (^٣)، والتَّبَرُّجَ بالزّينَةِ لِغَيرِ مَحِلِّها،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٨٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٤٧) عن عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به. والترمذى (٢٠٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٠١١) من طريق أبى الأسود به. وسيأتى فى (١٥٧٨١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٤٢/ ١٤١).\n(^٣) الضرب بالكعاب: أى اللعب بالنرد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨.","vol":"14","page":474},{"text":"وعَزلَ الماءِ عن مَحِلِّه، وإِفسادَ الصَّبِىِّ غَيرَ مُحَرِّمِه (^١).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وقع هنا بفتح الميم وسكون الحاء، ولم يضبطه المؤلف فى أصله، والذى يظهر أن الصواب: غير مُحرِّمه، بضم الميم وتشديد الراء، أي يكره العزل غير مُحرِّم ذلك. واللَّه أعلم\". اهـ. قلت: وقال أبو عبيد: وقوله: غير مُحرِّمه. يعنى أنه كرهه ولم يبلغ به التحريم. غريب الحديث ٣/ ١٦٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠٥) عن جرير به. وأبو داود (٤٢٢٢)، والنسائى (٥١٠٣)، وابن حبان (٥٦٨٢، ٥٦٨٣) من طريق الركين به. وسيأتى فى (١٥٧٨٣، ١٥٧٨٤، ١٩٦٣٣). وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٠٣: قال البخارى: لم يصح. وأشار إلى لين عبد الرحمن بن حرملة.","vol":"14","page":475},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3125>كتابُ الصداقِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3126>بابٌ: النِّكاحُ يَنعَقِدُ بغَيِر مَهرٍ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٦].\n\n١٤٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الراهِدُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأَصْبَغِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرَّانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحيمِ خالِدِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن مَرثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لِرَجُلٍ: \"أَتَرضَى أَن أُزَوِّجَكَ فُلانَةَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. وقالَ لِلمَرأَةِ: \"أَتَرضَينَ أَن أُزَوِّجَكِ فُلانًا؟ \". فقالَت: نَعَم. فزَوَّجَ أَحَدَهُما صاحِبَه، ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا ولَم يُعطِها شَيئًا، وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ الحُدَيبيَةَ، وكانَ مَن شَهِدَ الحُدَيبيَةَ له سَهمٌ بخَيبَرَ، فلَمّا حَضَرَته الوَفاةُ قال: إِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَوَّجَنِى فُلانَةَ ولَم أَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا ولَم أُعطِها شَيئًا، وإِنِّى أُشهِدُكُم أَنِّى أَعطَيتُها صَداقَها سَهمِى بخَيبَرَ، فأَخَذَت سَهمًا فباعَته بمِائَةِ أَلفٍ. قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ الصَّداقِ أَيسَرُه\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨١، ١٨٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٧٢) من طريق محمد بن سلمة بلفظ: \"خير النكاح\".","vol":"14","page":477},{"text":"١٤٤٤٩ - رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى عن أبى الأَصْبَغِ، وزادَ فيه: فدَخَلَ بها الرَّجُلُ. ثُمَّ قال: ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا ولَم يُعطِها شَيئًا. أَخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوحَديثُ بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ دَليلٌ فى هَذا، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِن شاءَ اللَّهُ فى مَوضِعِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3127>بابٌ: لا وقتَ (^٣) فى الصَّداقِ كَثُرَ أَو قَلَّ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: لِتَركِه النَّهىَ عن القِنطارِ وهو كَثيرٌ، وتَركِه حَدَّ القَليلِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ -﵂-، أَنَّها كانَت تَحتَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَحشٍ، وكانَ رَحَلَ إِلَى النَّجاشِىِّ فماتَ، وأَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ، وإنَّها لَبِأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ، زَوَّجَها إيّاه النَّجاشِىُّ ومَهَرَها أَربَعَةَ آلافٍ، ثُمَّ جَهَّزَها مِن عِندِه فبَعَثَ بها إِلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ شُرَحبيلَ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ، وجِهازُها كُلُّه مِن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١١٧). وقال: يخاف أن يكون هذا الحديث ملزقًا؛ لأن الأمر على غير هذا. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٥٩).\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٤٥٢٢، ١٤٥٢٣، ١٤٥٢٧، ١٤٥٢٨)\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"لا وقت: أى لا تقدير\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٥٨.","vol":"14","page":478},{"text":"عِندِ النَّجاشِىِّ، ولَم يُرسِلْ إِلَيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بشَئٍ، وكانَت مُهورُ أَزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أَربَعَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن بكرٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: لَقَد خَرَجتُ وأَنا أُريدُ أَن أَنهَى عن كَثرَةِ مُهورِ النِّساءِ حَتَّى قَرأتُ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَآتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنْطَارًا﴾ [النساء: ٢٠]. هَذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n١٤٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- النّاسَ، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، وقالَ: أَلَا لا تُغالوا فى صَداقِ النِّساءِ، فإِنَّه لا يَبلُغُنِى عن أَحَدٍ ساقَ أَكثَرَ مِن شَئٍ ساقَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَو سِيقَ إِلَيه، إِلَّا جَعَلتُ فضلَ ذَلِكَ فى بَيتِ المالِ. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ، فعَرَضَت له امرأةٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ فقالَت: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أَكِتابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ أَن يُتَّبَعَ أَو قَولُكَ؟ قال: بَل كِتابُ اللَّهِ، فما ذاكَ؟ فقالَت: نَهَيتَ الناسَ آنِفًا أَن يُغالوا فى صَداقِ النِّساءِ، واللَّهُ يقولُ فى كِتابِه: ﴿وَآتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنْطَارًا فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا﴾. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٠٨)، وأبو داود (٢١٠٧)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"14","page":479},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁-: كُلُّ أَحَدٍ أَفقَهُ مِن عُمَرَ. مَرَّتَينِ أَو ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى المِنبَرِ فقالَ لِلنّاسِ: إِنِّى كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم أَن تُغالوا فى صَداقِ النِّساءِ، أَلَا فليَفعَلْ رَجُلٌ فى مالِه ما بَدا لَه (^١). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمِّ بنِ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ قال: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو حَصِينٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ قال: قال مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ -﵁-: القِنطارُ أَلفٌ ومِائَتا أُوقيَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أخبرَنا عاصِمُ بنُ بَهدَلَةَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: القِنطارُ: أَلفٌ ومِائَتا أُوقِيَّةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٥٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا علىٌّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ أبو النُّعمانِ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٠٥٩) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وأبو يعلى كما فى الإتحاف (٣٢٧٦) من طريق مجالد بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٥٥)، والدارمى (٣٥١٢)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٥ من طريق أبى بكر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٦٠)، وابن حبان (٢٥٧٣) من طريق عاصم به، بلفظ: اثنا عشر ألف أوقية.","vol":"14","page":480},{"text":"سعيدٍ -﵁- قال: القِنطارُ: مِلءُ مَسْكِ الثَّورِ (^١) ذَهَبًا (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: القِنطارُ: اثنا عَشَرَ أَلفَ دِرهَمٍ، أَو أَلفُ دينارٍ (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةِ عَطيَّةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: القِنطارُ: أَلفٌ ومِائَتا دينارٍ، ومِنَ الفِضَّةِ أَلفٌ ومِائَتا مِثقالٍ (^٤). ورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: القِنطارُ: سَبعونَ أَلفَ دينارٍ (^٥). وعن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: القِنطارُ: ثَمانونَ أَلفًا (^٦).\n\n١٤٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن أَبيه زَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أَصَدَقَ أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بنتَ علىٍّ أَربَعينَ أَلفَ دِرهَمٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) مسك الثور: أى جلده. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٣١، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٥٠١)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٠٥٧) من طريق أبى النعمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^٤) المثقال: درهم وثلاثة أسباع درهم، ويعادل تقريبًا (٥.١١) جرامًا. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٣٢ (ث ق ل)، وبحث المقاديير والمكاييل الشرعية ص ٣٠٠.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عطية به.\n(^٥) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٤٩. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٣٢٦٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٢٥٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٣٢٥٧، ٥٠٥٦).\n(^٧) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٤/ ١٥٠٣. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٥٠٥٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن زيد به.","vol":"14","page":481},{"text":"١٤٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُزَوِّجُ بَناتِه على أَلفِ دينارٍ فيُحَلّيها مِن ذَلِكَ بأَربَعِمِائَةِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ عَبدَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ قال: تَزَوَّجَ أَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵁- امرأةً على عِشرينَ أَلفًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3128>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِنَ القَصدِ فى الصَّداقِ</span>\n\n١٤٤٦٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا (^٢): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبى سلمةَ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂-: كَم كان صَداقُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: كان صَداقُه لأزواجِه اثنَى (^٣) عَشْرَ وقِيَّةً (^٤) ونَشًّا. قالَت: أَتَدرِى ما النَّشُّ؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى كتاب الآثار (١٠٢١) عن أبى حنيفة به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ضرب فى أصله بخطه وأبو بكر بن الحسن وأبو زكريا بن أبى إسحاق وكتب: قال\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: اثنا\".\n(^٤) الوقيَّة: لغة فى الأُوقيَّة. والأوقيَّة: عند العرب أربعون درهما، وتعادل (١١٩.٠٤) جرامًا. ينظر =","vol":"14","page":482},{"text":"قُلتُ: لا. قالَت: نِصفُ وقيَّةٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٤٦١ - روَاه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عُمَرَ المَكِّىِّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ إِلَّا أَنَّه قال: أُوقيَّةً. وزادَ فيه: فذَلِكَ خَمسُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فهَذا صَداقُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأزواجِهِ (^٢). أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ يَعنِى أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىَّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. فذَكَره.\n\n١٤٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما أَصَدَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَحَدًا مِن نِسائه ولا بَناتِه فوقَ [ثِنتَى عَشْرَةَ] (^٣) أوقيَّةً. إِلَّا أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ فإِنَّ النَّجاشِىَّ زَوَّجَه إيّاها وأَصدَقَها أَربَعَةَ آلافٍ ونَقَدَ عنه، ودَخَلَ بها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ولَم يُعطِها شَيئًا. كَذا قال: عن عائشَةَ (^٤). وروَاه غَيرُه عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ فقال: عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n= المصباح المنير ص ٢٥٧ (وق ى)، وبحث المقاديير والمكاييل الشرعية ص ٣٠٠.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٨٠)، والصغرى (٢٥٣٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٥٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٠٥)، والنسائى (٣٣٤٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٦) من طريق الدراوردى عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٨/ ١٤٢٦).\n(^٣) فى م: \"اثنى عشر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٠٦٠) من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٠٨)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٦ من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"14","page":483},{"text":"١٤٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، عن أَيّوبَ وحَبيبٍ وهِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى العَجْفاءِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: إيّاكُم والمُغالاةَ فى مُهورِ النِّساءِ، فإِنَّها لَو كانَت تَقوَى عِندَ اللَّهِ أَو مَكْرُمَةً عِندَ النّاسِ لَكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَولاكُم بها، ما نَكَحَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَيئًا مِن نِسائِه ولا أَنكَحَ واحِدَةً مِن بَناتِه بأَكثَرَ مِنِ اثْنَتى عَشْرَةَ أوقيَّةً، وهِىَ أَربَعُمِالةِ دِرهَمٍ وثَمانونَ دِرهَمًا، وِإنَّ أَحَدَهُم لَيُغالِى بمَهرِ امرأتِه حَتَّى يَبقَى عَداوَةً فى نَفسِه فيَقولُ: لَقَد كُلِّفتُ لَكِ عَلَقَ القِرْبَةِ (^١). ورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أَيّوبَ (^٢).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ بَعضِهِم عن ابنِ سيرينَ: اثنَى عَشْرَ أوقيَّةً ونِصفٌ (^٣)، فإِن كان مَحفوظًا وافَقَ رِوايَةَ أبى سلمةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-.\n\n١٤٤٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ بالرَّىِّ فى شَهرِ\n_________\n(^١) علق القربة: حبلها الذى تعلق به، ويروى عرق القربة، أى: تكلفت إليك أمرًا صعبًا شديدًا. النهاية ٣/ ٢٩٠، ومجمع الأمثال ٢/ ١٥٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٠)، والترمذى (١١١٤ م)، والنسائى (٣٣٤٩) من طريق أيوب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٠٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٧٠) عن ابن سيرين. وفيه: اثنتى عشرة أوقية ونشٍّ.","vol":"14","page":484},{"text":"رَمَضانَ سنةَ أَربَعٍ وسِتّينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سابِقٍ مِن كِتابِه العَتيقِ، حدثنا عمرٌو -يَعنِى ابنَ أبى قَيسٍ- عن أَيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ أبى العَجفاءِ، عن أَبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: لا تُغالوا بمُهورِ النِّساءِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ حَمّادٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّه قال: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَد يُغلِى بالمَهرِ حَتَّى يقولَ: قَد كُلِّفتُ فيكِ عَلَقَ القِربَةِ، يَتَّخِذُه ذَنَبًا (^١).\n\n١٤٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ (^٢) بنِ أبى رَوّادٍ قال: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أَخبَرَه عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ما استَحَلَّ علىٌّ فاطِمَةَ -﵄- إِلَّا ببَدَنٍ (^٣) مِن حَديدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن أَبيه، عن رَجُلٍ قَد سَمّاه سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁- بالكوفَةِ يقولُ: أَرَدتُ أَن أَخطُبَ إِلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ابنَتَه، وذَكَرتُ أَنَّه لا شَئَ لِى، ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُ عائدَتَه وصِلَتَه فخَطَبتُها، فقالَ: \"أَينَ دِرعُكَ الحُطَمِيَّةُ (^٥) التى أَعطَيتُكَها يَومَ كَذا وكَذا؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ٣/ ٢٥٨ من طريق ابن وارة به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"حبلة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٣) البَدَن: أى الدّرع. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٤/ ٢٣٦ (ب د ن).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) الحطميّة: منسوبة إلى حطمة: بطن من عبد القيس كانوا يعملون الدروع، ويقال: إنها الدرع السابغة التى تحطم السلاح. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢١٥.","vol":"14","page":485},{"text":"قال: هِىَ عِندِى. قال: \"فأَعطِها إيّاها\" (^١).\n\n١٤٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لَقَد خُطِبَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فقالَت لِى مَولاةٌ لِى: هَل عَلِمتَ أَنَّ فاطِمَةَ تُخطَبُ؟ قُلتُ: لا، أَو: نَعَم. قالَت: فاخطُبْها إِلَيه. قال: قُلتُ: وهَل عِندِى شَئٌ أَخطُبُها عَلَيه؟ قال: فواللَّهِ ما زالَت تُرَجّينِى حَتَّى دَخَلتُ عَلَيه، وكُنّا نُجِلُّه ونُعَظِّمُه، فلَمّا جَلَستُ بَينَ يَدَيه أُلجمتُ (^٢) حَتَّى ما استَطَعتُ الكَلامَ. فقالَ: \"هل لَكَ مِن حاجَة؟ \". فسَكَتُّ، فقالَها ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، قال: \"لَعَلَّكَ جِئتَ تَخطُبُ فاطِمَةَ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"هَل عِندَكَ مِن شَئٍ تَستَحِلُّها به؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: لا واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فما فعَلَتِ الدِّرعُ التى كُنتُ سَلَّحتُكَها؟ \". قال علىٌّ: واللَّهِ إِنَّها لَدِرعٌ حُطَمِيَّةٌ ما ثَمَنُها إِلَّا أَربَعُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ. قال: \"اذهَبْ فقَد زَوُّجتُكَها، وابعَثْ بها إِليها فاستَحِلَّها به\" (^٣). كَذا فى كِتابِى: أَربَعُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، وروَاه يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ فقال: أَربَعَةُ دَراهِمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسدد كما فى الإتحاف (٤٤٠٨).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"بخطه: وفى حاشيتها: أفحمت\"، وكتب أمامها: \"خ ر\". وكلاهما بمعنى.\n(^٣) الحاكم، كما فى الإتحاف ٥/ ٤٨ عقب (٤٤١٢).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ١٦٠ من طريق يونس به، وسيرة ابن إسحاق ص ٢٣٠.","vol":"14","page":486},{"text":"١٤٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أَصدَقَ فاطِمَةَ -﵂- دِرعًا مِن حَديدٍ وجَرَّةَ دَوّارٍ (^١)، وأَنَّ صَداقَ نِساءِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كان خَمسَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أَيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الجارِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ يَسَارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: كان صَداقُنا إِذ كان فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَشْرَ أَواقٍ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ روَاه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أَو قال: فتًى- فقالَ: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ\n_________\n(^١) فى مصدر التخريج: \"جرة ودوار\"، بزيادة الواو بينهما، وأشار فيه أيضًا: \"وفى رواية: رحل. بدلًا من: جرة\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٣٧).\n(^٣) فى ص ٧: \"يسرة\"، وفى المستدرك: \"ميسرة\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٦٣٢.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٠٧) من طريق داود بن قيس به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٩٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"14","page":487},{"text":"امرأةً. فقالَ: \"هَل نَظَرتَ إِلَيها؟ فإِنَّ فى أَعْيُنِ الأنصارِ شَيئًا\". قال: قَد نَظَرتُ إِلَيها. قالَ: \"على كَم تَزَوَّجتَها؟ \". فذَكَرَ شَيئًا قال: \"فكأنَّكُم تَنحِتونَ الذَّهَبَ والفِضَّةَ مِن عُرضِ هذه الجِبالِ! ما عِندَنا اليَومَ شَئٌ نُعطيكَه، ولَكِن سأبعَثُكَ فى وجهٍ تُصيبُ فيه\". فبَعَث بَعثًا إِلَى بَنِى عَبسٍ وبَعَثَ الرَّجُلَ فيهِم، فأَتاه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أَعيَتنِى ناقَتَى أَن تَنبَعِثَ. قال: فناوَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه كالمُعتَمِدِ عَلَيه لِلقيامِ فأَتاها فضرَبَها برِجلِهِ. قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَقَد رأيتُها تَسبِقُ القائدَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ عن مَروانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجَّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبى حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِىِّ -﵁-، أَنَّه أَتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَستَعينُه فى مَهرِ امرأةٍ، فقالَ: \"كَم أَمهَرتَها؟ \". قال: مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ. فقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو كُنتُم تَغرِفونَ مِن بُطحانَ (^٣) ما زِدتُم\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) القائدة من الإبل: التى تقدمُ الابل وتألفها الأَفتاء. التاج ٩/ ٨١ (ق ود).\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى دلائل النبرة ٦/ ١٥٤. وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٧ من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٤/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) بُطْحَان: هو واد بالمدينة، وهو أحد أوديتها الثلاثة. معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٤٦.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٠٦)، والطيالسى (١٣٩٦)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٥٢ (٨٨٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"14","page":488},{"text":"١٤٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيادِىُّ المالِكِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصيبِىُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ سَخبَرَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ طُفَيلِ بنِ سَخبَرَةَ المَدَنِىُّ (^١)، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِنَّ (^٢) أَعظَمَ النِّساءِ بَرَكَةً أَيسَرُهُنَ صَداقًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عَفّانَ (^٣). وفِى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارون: \"أَيسَرُهنَّ مؤنَةً\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ أَنَّ صَفوانَ بنَ سُلَيمٍ حَدَّثَه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"المازنى\". وجاء فى المستدرك: عمر بن طفيل. وفى الشعب: الطفيل بن سخبرة. دون عمرو. وينظر تعليق الشيخ الألبانى ﵀ على ذلك فى إرواء الغليل ٦/ ٣٤٨، ٣٤٩.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"من\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٧٨، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢٩) عن عفان بلفظ: إن أعظم النكاح بركة أيسره مؤنة.\n(^٤) أخرجها أحمد (٢٥١١٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٧٤).","vol":"14","page":489},{"text":"عائشةَ -﵂- أَنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مِن يُمنِ المَرأَةِ أَن تَتَيَسَّرَ خِطبَتُها، وأَن يَتَيَسَّرَ صَداقُها، وأَن يَتَيَسَّرَ رَحِمُها\". قال عُروةُ: يَعنى يَتَيَسَّرَ رَحِمُها لِلوِلادَةِ. قالَ عُروةُ: وأَنا أَقولُ مِن عِندِى: مِن أَوَّلِ شُؤمِها أَن يَكثُرَ صَداقُها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3129>بابُ ما يَجوزُ أَن يَكونَ مَهرًا</span>\n\n١٤٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَضلِ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ الضَّبِّىُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أَنَسٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَته امرأةٌ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّى قَد وهَبتُ نَفسِى لَكَ. فقامَت قيامًا طَويلًا، فقامَ رَجُل فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ زَوِّجْنيها إِن لَم تَكُنْ لَكَ بها حاجَةٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عِندَكَ مِن شَئٍ تُصدِقُها إيّاه؟ \". قال: ما عِندِى إِلَّا إِزارِى هَذا. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِن أَعطَيتَها إيّاه جَلَستَ لا إِزارَ لَكَ، فالتَمِسْ شَيئًا\". قال: واللَّهِ ما أَجِدُ شَيئًا. قال: \"التَمِسْ ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ\". فالتَمَس فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم، سورَةُ كَذا وسورَةُ كَذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد زَوَّجْتُكَها على ما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٢). روَاه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٥٢٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٨٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢١١١)، والترمذى (١١١٤)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٩)، وابن حبان (٤٠٩٣). وتقدم فى (١٣٤٩٣)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٥١٠).","vol":"14","page":490},{"text":"ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أَوجُهٍ عن أبى حازِمٍ وقالَ (^١): ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ سَمِعَ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: كُنتُ فى القَومِ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقامَتِ امرأةٌ فقالَت: إِنَّها وهَبَت نَفسَها لَكَ فَرَأْ فيها رأيَكَ. فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النّاسِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ زَوِّجْنِيها. فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيه شَيئًا، ثُمَّ قامَت فقالَت: يارسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّها قَد وهَبَت نَفسَها لَكَ فَرَأْ فيها رأيَكَ. فقامَ الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ زَوِّجْنِيها. ثُمَّ قامَتِ الثّالِثَةَ، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عِندَكَ مِن شَئ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فاذهَبْ فاطلُبْ\". فذَهَبَ فطَلَبَ فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا، قال: \"اذهَبْ فاطلُبْ ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ\". قال: فذَهَبَ فطَلَبَ فقالَ: لَم أَجِدْ شَيئًا. قال: \"هَل مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم، سورَةُ كَذا وسورَةُ كَذا. قال: \"اذهَبْ فقَد زَوَّجْتُكَها على ما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\". لَفظُ\n_________\n(^١) أمامها فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وقالها\".\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا قوله: ولو خاتمًا من حديد، كأنه أفرده بالذكر لأنه موضع الاستدلال. واللَّه أعلم\".\nوالحديث عند البخارى (٥١٣٥)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٦).","vol":"14","page":491},{"text":"حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن على، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ - كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُسَدَّدٌ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، يَزيدُ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ، قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأى علَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ عَوفٍ أَثَرَ صُفرَةٍ (^٣)، فقالَ: \"مَهْيَمْ، أَو: مَهْ\" (^٤). فقالَ: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً. قال: \"على كَم؟ \". قال: على وزنِ نَواةٍ (^٥) مِن ذَهَبٍ. قال: \"بارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ، أَوْلِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٧).\n\n١٤٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٩٨)، والنسائى (٣٢٠٠)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٤٩)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٧).\n(^٣) أثر صفرة: لطخ من خلوق أو طب له لون. تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين ص ١٠٦.\n(^٤) مَهْيَمْ: أى ما أمرك، كأنها كلمة يمانية ووزنها (مَفْعَل). ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٩١.\nوقوله: \"أو مَه\". أى: أو قال: مه، وهو شك من الراوى. فتح البارى ١/ ١٩١.\n(^٥) النواة: اسم لخمسة دراهم، وتعادل تقريبًا (١٨.٠٦) جرامًا. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٣١، وبحث المقاديير والمكاييل الشرعية ص ٣٠٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢١٠٩)، والنسائى (٣٣٧٣) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم فى (١٣٩٥٤)، وسيأتى فى (١٤٦١٣، ١٤٦١٤).\n(^٧) البخارى (٦٣٨٦)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٧٩).","vol":"14","page":492},{"text":"ابنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أَنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ ابنَ عَوفٍ -﵁- تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ على وزنِ نَواةٍ، فرأى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَشاشَةَ العُرْسِ فسَأَله، فقالَ: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أَنَسٍ قال: قَدِمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ مُهاجِرًا فآخَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَه وبَينَ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ -﵁-، فقالَ له سَعدٌ: لِىَ امرأتانِ، فانظُرْ أَيَّتَهُما أَحَبَّ إِلَيكَ حَتَّى أُطَلِّقَها، فإِذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها تَزَوَّجْها (^٣)، ولِى مالٌ فنِصفُه لَكَ. فقالَ: بارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فى أَهلِكَ ومالِكَ، دُلّونِى على السّوقِ. فدَلّوه، قال: فلَم يَرجِعْ يَومَئذٍ حَتَّى جاءَ بأَشياءَ، ثُمَّ فقَدَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فأَتاه وعَلَيه وَضَرُ (^٤) صُفرَةٍ، فقالَ له: \"مَهْيَمْ؟ \". قال: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ. قال: \"على كَم؟ \". قال: على نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ، أَو قال: وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (١٤٦١)، وأبو عوانة (٤١٤٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والنسائى (٣٣٥٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فتزوجها\".\n(^٤) الوَضَر: اللطخ من الزعفران ونحوه مما له لون. التاج ١٤/ ٣٦٤ (وض ر).","vol":"14","page":493},{"text":"\"أَوْلِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٤٧٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أَنَسٍ نَحوَه، إِلَّا أنَّه قال: أَصابَ شَيئًا مِن سَمنٍ وأَقِطٍ رَبِحه (^٢). اخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أَوجُهٍ عن حمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى حُمَيدٌ [سَمِعَ أَنَسًا قال] (^٤): تَزَوَّجَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَوْلِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى موسَى عن أبى داودَ الطَّيالِسِىِّ (^٦).\n\n١٤٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ (^٧)، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٢٣) من طريق معاذ به. وأبو داود (٢١٠٩)، والترمذى (١٩٣٣) من طريق حميد به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٣٩٠)، وأبو يعلى (٣٨٣٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٤٩، ٣٧٨١، ٣٩٣٧، ٥٠٧٢)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٨١).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"أنه سمع أنسًا ﵁ يقول\".\n(^٥) الطيالسى (٢٢٤٢).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٢٧/. . .).\n(^٧) بعده فى ص ٧: \"الأصبهانى\".","vol":"14","page":494},{"text":"عَفّانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فجازَ ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ دونَ قَولِه: فجازَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أَنَسٍ قال: قُوِّمَت -يَعنِى النَّواةَ- ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ وثُلُثًا (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ راشِدٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ البَيروتِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أَنَّ قَتادَةَ حَدَّثَه عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ؛ قُوِّمَت خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٤). وهَذا أَشبَهُ؛\n\n١٤٤٨٤ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٦٤) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٨١).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٦١٣) وليس فيه: \"وثلثا\". وأخرجه البزار (٧٢٨٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧١٦٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٤٣)، والمعرفة عقب (٤٢٨٣) من طريق سعيد بن بشير به.","vol":"14","page":495},{"text":"الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ قَولُه: نَواةٍ. يَعنِى خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ، قال: وخَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ تُسَمَّى نَواةَ ذَهَبٍ كما تُسَمَّى الأربَعونَ: أوقيَّةً، وكما تُسَمَّى العِشرونَ: نَشًا (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنِيه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: الأُوقيَّةُ: أَربَعونَ، والنَّشُّ عِشرونَ، والنَّواةُ خَمسَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- يقولُ: كُنّا نَستَمتِعُ بالقُبضَةِ مِنَ التَّمرِ والدَّقيقِ الأيّامَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَبِى بكرٍ حَتَّى نَهانا عُمَرُ فى شأنِ عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَتِ الدِّلالَةُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَنَّه حَرَّمَ نِكاحَ المُتعَةِ بَعدَ الرُّخصةِ (^٥)، والنَّسخُ إِنَّما ورَدَ بإِبطالِ الأجَلِ، لا قَدْرِ ما كانوا عَلَيه يَنكِحونَ مِنَ الصَّداقِ، واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٤١)، والمعرفة (٤٢٨٣)، وأبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٩٠.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٤٢)، والمعرفة عقب (٤٢٨٢) ٥/ ٣٧١، وأبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٤٠٢٨)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٤٠٩٨، ٤٠٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٥/ ١٦). قال النووى: هذا محمول على أن الذى استمتع فى عهد أبى بكر وعمر لم يبلغه النسخ. صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ٩/ ١٨٣.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٤٢٦١، ١٤٢٦٢).","vol":"14","page":496},{"text":"١٤٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ وعِمرانُ السَّختيانِىُّ وجَماعَةٌ قالوا: حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا إِسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جابِرٍ: كُنّا نَنكِحُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالقُبضَةِ مِنَ الطَّعامِ (^١). هَذا هو الحَديثُ الأوَّلُ، إِلا أَنَّه أَتَى به بهَذا اللَّفظِ. ويَعقوبُ بنُ عَطاءٍ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بِه (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا صالِحُ ابنُ رُومَانَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً على مِلءِ كَفٍّ مِن طَعامٍ لَكانَ ذَلِكَ صَداقًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ رُومَانَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أَعطَى فى صَداقٍ مِلءَ كفَّيه بُرًّا أَو تَمرًا أَو\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٠١. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٣، والإسماعيلى فى معجم شيوخه (٣٥٨) من طريق أبى سعيد الأشج به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥٤٣).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٤٤)، والمعرفة (٤٢٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٢٤) من طريق ابن رومان به.","vol":"14","page":497},{"text":"سَويقًا أَو دَقيقًا فقَدِ استَحَلَّ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ جِبريلَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُسْتَه، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عَنبَسَةَ، حدثنا وكيع، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَبيبَةَ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه أبى لَبيبَةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ استَحَلَّ بدِرهَمٍ فقَدِ استَحَل\". يَعنِى النِّكاحَ (^٣). ورَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ عن ابنِ أبى لَبيبَةَ عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويوسُفُ القاضِى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ محمدٍ التَّمّارُ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أَبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى فزارَةَ إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً على نَعلَينِ. فأَجازَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- (^٥) نِكاحَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٣، وفيه: نكاح. بدل: صداق.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١١٠)، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى تاريخه ٦/ ٣٦٥. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٥٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٤٢٨٤) بلاغًا.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧١٦٣). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٩٤٣) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"ذلك أى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٦، ١٥٦٩١)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨٨) من طريق سفيان به، وسيأتى =","vol":"14","page":498},{"text":"١٤٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَهَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أَبيه، أَنَّ امرأةً مِن فزارَةَ جِئ بها إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَد تَزَوَّجَت على نَعلَينِ، فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَرَضيتِ مِن نَفسِكِ ومالِكِ بنَعلَينِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فأَجازَه (^١). عاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ تَكَلَّموا فيه، ومَعَ ضعفِه قَد رَوَى عنه الأئمَّةُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخَثعَمِىِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ الطّائفِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنكِحوا الأيامَى مِنكُم\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فما العَلائقُ بَينَهُم؟ قال: \"ما تَراضَى عَلَيه أَهلوهُم\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا\n_________\n= فى (١٣٩٠٣).\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٢٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧٩)، والترمذى (١١١٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٢٢٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٢١٥) عن عبد الملك بن المغيرة به وعنده قول اللَّه تعالى: ﴿وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً﴾، بدلًا من: ﴿وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَى مِنْكُمْ﴾. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٤ من طريق ابن البيلمانى به.","vol":"14","page":499},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن حَفصِ بنِ غِيَاثٍ وأَبِى مُعاويَةَ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أَرطاةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ الطّائفِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^١). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٤٩٤ - وقَد قيلَ: عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أَرطاةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رُسْتَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو زُنَيجٌ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حَجّاجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٤٤٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، عن أَبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَنْكِحُوا الأيامَى\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما العَلائقُ؟ قال: \"ما تَراضَى عَلَيه أَهلوهُم\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٤٩٦ - وقَد قيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ (^٤) البَيلَمانِىِّ، عن أَبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوِه، إِلا أَنَّه قال: \"ما تَراضَى عَلَيه الأهلونَ، ولَو قَضيبًا مِن أَراكٍ\". أَخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٠٢) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن مردويه - كما فى تفسير ابن كثير ٢/ ١٨٦ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢١٨٨.\n(^٤) ليس فى: الأصل.","vol":"14","page":500},{"text":"عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُنيرٍ المَطيرِىُّ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، وهو أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ (^١) البَيلَمانِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال أبو أحمدَ: محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ ضَعيف، ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ الحارِثِ ضَعيفٌ، والضَّعفُ على حَديثِهِما بَيِّنٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٤) وغَيرُه مِن مُزَكِّى الأخبارِ (^٥).\nولِلحَديثِ شاهِدٌ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٤٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو هارونَ العَبدِىُّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: سألنا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن صَداقِ النِّساءِ، فقالَ: \"هو ما اصطَلَحَ عَلَيه أَهلوهُم\" (^٦).\n\n١٤٤٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ آدَمَ، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ وشَريكٍ، عن أبى هارونَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، قال\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل.\n(^٢) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢١٨٩. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٤ من طريق الرمادى به.\n(^٣) الكامل ٦/ ٢١٨٩.\n(^٤) تاريخ ابن معين - رواية الدارمى ١/ ٢٠١، وبرواية الدورى ٤/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٥) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٨٩، وعلل الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٢، وابن شاهين فى ناسخ الحديث (٥٠٩) من طريق الحسن بن مكرم به.","vol":"14","page":501},{"text":"شَريكٌ: رَفَعَه إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ على الرَّجُلِ جُناحٌ أن يَتَزَوَّجَ بقَليلٍ أَو كَثيرٍ مِن مالِه إِذا تَراضَوا وأَشهَدوا\" (^١). أبو هارونَ العَبدِىُّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال فى ثَلاثِ قَبَضاتِ زبيبٍ: مَهرٌ (^٤).\n\n١٤٤٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن شَريكٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إِن رَضيَت بسِواكِ أَراكٍ فهو لَها مَهرٌ.\n\n١٤٥٠٠ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى رَواه مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أَرطاةَ، عن عَطاءٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَنكِحُ النِّساءَ إِلَّا الأَكْفاءُ، ولا يُزَوِّجُهُنَّ إِلَّا الأولياءُ، ولا مَهرَ دونَ عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ\". أخبَرَناه أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ سُكَينٍ البَلَدِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٢٠) من طريق أبى هارون به.\n(^٢) هو عمارة بن جوين أبو هارون العبدى البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٩٩، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٦٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٢٣٢. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٤٩: متروك.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٤ من طريق أخرى عن أبى سعيد مرفوعًا.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٥٩.","vol":"14","page":502},{"text":"زَكَريّا بنُ الحَكَمِ الرَّسْعَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ عبدُ القُدّوسِ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٤٥٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ المَطْبَقِىُّ، حدثنا [عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ] (^٢) بنُ الحارِثِ جَحْدَرٌ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن مُبَشِّرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا مُبَشِّرٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أَرطاةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا صَداقَ دونَ عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ\" (^٣). قال أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ: مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ مَتروكُ الحديثِ، وهَذا مُنكَرٌ لَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيهِ.\nقال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ: مُبَشِّرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ مَتروكُ الحديثِ، أَحاديثُه لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيها (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: والحجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٥)، ولَم يأتِ به عن الحَجّاجِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٨٧٤).\n(^٢) فى ص ٧: \"أحمد\". وهذا مما قيل فى اسمه. ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٦٢٨. وقال فى لسان الميزان ٣/ ٤٠٩: واسمه أحمد بن عبد الرحمن، قلت: وقد قيل: اسمه عبد الرحمن. اهـ.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٤) ينظر العلل للدارقطنى ٩/ ١٣٣، وتقدم فى (٥٤٤).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٣٢).","vol":"14","page":503},{"text":"غَيرُ مُبَشِّرِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الحَلَبِىِّ، وقَد أَجمَعوا على تَركِه، [وكانَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ يَرمِيه بوَضعِ الحَديثِ] (^١).\n\n١٤٥٠٢ - وأَمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى أَخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن داودَ الأودِىِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أَدنَى ما يُستَحَلُّ به الفَرجُ عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٠٣ - وأَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَيَّاطُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ عَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ قَيسٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: لا صَداقَ دونَ عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: رَوَوا عن علىٍّ فيه شَيئًا لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه لَو لَم يُخالِفْه غَيرُه، أَنَّه لا يَكونُ مَهرٌ أَقَلَّ مِن عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) كتب على أول هذه الجملة: \"إجازة\"، وكتب على آخرها: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٥، ٢٤٦ من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤١٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥١٥) من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"14","page":504},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى [ابنُ البَصيرِ] (^١) إِبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الأَشْجَعِىِّ قال: قُلتُ لسفيانَ يعنى الثَّورىَّ: حَديثُ داودَ الأودِىِّ عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-: لا مَهرَ أَقَلُّ مِن عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ. فقالَ سفيانُ: داودُ، داودُ! ما زالَ هَذا يُنكَرُ عَلَيه. قُلتُ: إِنَّ شُعبَةَ رَوَى عنه. فضَرَبَ جَبهَتَه وقالَ: داودُ؟ داودُ؟ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ إِبراهيمَ بنَ محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا سَيّارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: لَقَّنَ غِيَاثُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ داودَ الأودِىَّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: لا يَكونُ مَهرٌ أَقَلَّ مِن عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ. فصارَ حَديثًا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: غِيَاثٌ كَذّابٌ لَيسَ بثِقَةٍ ولا مأمونٍ. قال أبو الفَضلِ: هو غِياثُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ البَصرِىُّ. قال: وسَمِعتُ يَحيَى يقولُ: داودُ الأودِىُّ لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"ابن النضير\"، وفى م: \"أبو البصير\"، وفى سنن الدارقطنى: \"ابن النصر هو إبراهيم ابن إسماعيل\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٨٥، والمؤتلف والمختلف للدارقطنى ١/ ٢٢٢، والإكمال ١/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٦، ٢٤٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٦، ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى فى التحقيق (١٦٧٥)، من طريق أبى سيار به.\n(^٤) هو داود بن يزيد الأودى وترجمته فى: تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٤٦٧. وينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى (١٣٢١، ٢٢٩٨).","vol":"14","page":505},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا السّاجِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ المُثَنَّى يقولُ: ما سَمِعتُ يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ ولا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَهدِىٍّ حَدَّثا عن سُفيانَ عن داودَ بنِ يَزيدَ شَيئًا قَطُّ. وبِمَعناه قال عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٤٥٠٤ - أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: الصَّداقُ ما تَراضَى به الزَّوجانِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ قال: بُشِّرَ رَجُلٌ بجاريَةٍ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: هَبْها لِى. فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: لَم تَحِلَّ المَوهوبَةُ لأحَدٍ بَعدَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ولَو أَصدَقَها سَوطًا فما فوقَه جازَ. وقالَ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: ولَو أَصدَقَها سَوطًا حَلَّت (^٣) لَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ٩٤٧.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أحلت\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٩١)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٦٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٤٩٢) عن سفيان به.","vol":"14","page":506},{"text":"١٤٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى يَحيَى قال: سألتُ رَبيعَةَ: كَم أَقَلُّ الصَّداقِ؟ فقالَ: ما تَراضَى به الأهلونَ. قُلتُ: وإِن كان دِرهَمًا؟ قال: وإِن كان نِصفَ دِرهَمٍ. قُلتُ: وإِن كان أَقَلَّ؟ قال: ولَو كان قَبضَةَ حِنطَةٍ أَو حَبَّةَ حِنطَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3130>بابُ ما جاءَ فى حَبسِ الصَّداقِ عن المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الإمامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبدِ الوارِثِ العَنبَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِنَّ (^٢) أَعظَمَ الذُّنوبِ عِندَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فلَمّا قَضَى حاجَتَه مِنها طَلَّقَها وذَهَبَ بمَهرِها، ورَجُلٌ استَعمَلَ رَجُلًا فذَهَبَ بأُجرَتِه، وآخَرُ يَقتُلُ دابَّةً عَبَثًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُصَينِ بنِ القاسِمِ القَصّاصُ مَولَى قُرَيشٍ قال: سَمِعتُ السَّكَنَ بنَ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ ذَكوانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"حُبُّ الأنصارِ إيمانٌ، وبُغضُهُم كُفرٌ، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٩٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"من\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٢، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.","vol":"14","page":507},{"text":"على صَداقٍ ولا يُريدُ أن يُعطيَها فهو زانٍ\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه، عن السَّكَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢). ورَواه أبو عاصِمٍ العَبادانىُّ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ ذَكوانَ عن الحَسَنِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ.\nورُوِىَ فى هَذا البابِ عن صُهَيبٍ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِىُّ (^٣)، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ النَّمِرِ بنِ قاسِطٍ (^٤) قال: سَمِعتُ صُهَيبَ بنَ سِنانٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أَصدَقَ امرأةً صَداقًا، واللَّهُ يَعلَمُ مِنه أنَّه لا يُريدُ أَداءَه إِلَيها، فغَرَّها باللَّهِ واستَحَلَّ فرجَها بالباطِلِ؛ لَقِىَ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَومَ القيامَةِ وهو زانٍ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3131>بابُ النِّكاحِ على تَعليمِ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n١٤٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (١٤٢٩ - كشف)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٧٣٠ من طريق محمد بن الحصين به. ووقع عند ابن عدى: محمد بن الحسين. بدلًا من: محمد بن الحصين.\n(^٢) يحيى بن معين - كما فى الفوائد المعللة ص ٣٥.\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وبعده فى مصادر التخريج: \"عن الحسن بن محمد الأنصارى\". وجاء على الصواب فى شعب الإيمان (٥٥٤٨). وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٤) النمر بن قاسط: بطن من أسد بن ربيعة من العدنانية. ينظر معجم قبائل العرب ٣/ ١١٩٢، ١١٩٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٣٢) عن هشيم به.","vol":"14","page":508},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أَنَّ امرأةً أَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّى قَد وهَبتُ نَفسِى لَكَ. فقامَت قيامًا طَويلًا، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، زَوِّجْنِيها إِنْ لَم تَكُنْ لَكَ بها حاجَةٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عِندَكَ مِن شَئٍ تُصدِقُها إيّاهُ؟ \". فقالَ: ما عِندِى إِلَّا إِزارِى هَذا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنْ أعطَيتَها إيَّاه جَلَستَ لا إِزارَ لَكَ، فالتَمِسْ شَيئًا\". فقالَ: ما أَجِدُ شَيئًا. قال: \"التَمِسْ ولَو خاتَمًا مِن حَديدٍ\". فالتَمَسَ فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم، سورَةُ كَذا وسورَةُ كَذا، لِسوَرٍ سَمّاها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"قَد زَوَّجتُكَها بما مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجهٍ آخَرَ (^٢) عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا زائدَةُ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ٥٩، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٦، وتقدم فى (١٣٤٩٣، ١٤٤٧٤، ١٤٤٧٥).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"لا بخطه\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٣١٠)، ومسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٦).","vol":"14","page":509},{"text":"فذَكَرَ الحديثَ ببَعضِ مَعنَى حَديثِ مالكٍ، وحَديثُ مالكٍ أَتَمُّ، وقالَ (^١) فى آخِرِه: قال (^٢): \"هَل تَقرأُ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيئًا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"انطَلِقْ فقَد زَوَّجتُكَها بما تُعَلِّمُها مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن أبى بكرِ بنِ أبى شيبَةَ، وقالَ: \"انطَلِقْ فقَد زَوَّجتُكَها فعَلِّمْها مِنَ القُرآنِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ يَحيَى الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنى أبى حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إِبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ الباهِلِىِّ، عن عِسْلٍ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- نَحوَ قِصَّةِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، لَم يَذكُرِ الإزارَ والخاتَمَ، فقالَ: \"ما تَحفَظُ مِنَ القُرآنِ؟ \". قال: سورَةَ البَقَرَةِ أَوِ (^٥) التى تَليها. قال: \"فقُمْ فعَلِّمْها عِشرينَ آيَةً وهِىَ امرأتُكَ\" (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الرّازِىِّ: \"وقَد زَوَّجتُكَها\".\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ص ٧: \"مالك\".\n(^٢) ليست فى: س، ص ٧، م.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٠٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧١٦٢). وتقدم فى (١٤٤٧٤، ١٤٤٧٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٢٥/ ٧٧).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"و\".\n(^٦) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ٢٠١٢ دون ذكر الحجاج الباهلى، وأبو داود (٢١١٢). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٠٦) من طريق أحمد بن حفص به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٥٧).","vol":"14","page":510},{"text":"ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن عِسْلٍ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n١٤٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عِسْلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً على أَن يُعَلِّمَها القُرآنَ، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَجازَه.\n\n١٤٥١٤ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، غَيرَ أَنَّه قال: شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ، فأَجازَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. أَخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٤٥١٥ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى روَاه عُتبَةُ بنُ السَّكَنِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَخبَرَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ امرأةً أَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، رَأْ فىَّ رأيكَ. الحديثَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعنِى لِلَّذِى خَطَبَها (^٢): \"فهَل تَقرأُ مِنَ القُرآنِ شَيئًا؟ \". قال: نَعَم، سورَةَ البَقَرَةِ وسورَةَ المُفَصَّلِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أَنكَحْتُكَها على أن تُقرِئَها وتُعَلِّمَها، وإِذا رَزَقَكَ اللَّهُ عَوَّضتَها\". فتَزَوَّجَها الرَّجُلُ على ذَلِكَ. فأَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنىُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ٢٠١٢.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"يخطبها\".","vol":"14","page":511},{"text":"القاسِمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا عُتبَةُ بنُ السَّكَنِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^١). قال أبو الحَسَنِ: تَفَرَّدَ به عُتبَةُ وهو مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: عُتبَةُ بنُ السَّكَنِ مَنسوبٌ إِلَى الوَضعِ (^٣)، وهَذا باطِلٌ لا أَصلَ له. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3132>بابُ أَخذِ الأجرِ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى</span>\n\n١٤٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ القَواريرِىُّ قال: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ أبو مَعشَرٍ البَرّاءُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِن أَصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرّوا بحَىٍّ مِن أَحياءِ العَرَبِ، وفيهِم لَديغٌ -أَو: سَليمٌ (^٤) - فقالوا: هَل فيكُم مِن راقٍ؟ فإِنَّ فى الماءِ لَديغًا -أَو: سَليمًا- فانطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فرَقاه على شاءٍ فبَرأَ فلَمّا أَتَى أَصحابَه كَرِهوا ذاكَ وقالوا: أَخَذتَ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ أَجرًا؟! فلَمّا قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأُخبِرَ (^٥) بذَلِكَ، فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الرَّجُلَ فسألَه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنّا مَرَرنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٤٩، ٢٥٠، ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى فى التحقيق (١٦٧٩).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٣) عتبة بن السكن الشامى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٧١، وثقات ابن حبان ٨/ ٥٠٨، والضعفاء لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) السَّليم: هو اللديغ؛ من السَّلْم وهو اللدغ. وقيل: من السلامة تفاؤلًا بها خلافًا لما يحذر عليه منه. أو: هو الجريح الذى أشفى على الهلكة. التاج ٣٢/ ٣٩٦ (س ل م).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"فأخبره\"، وفى ص ٧: \"فأخبروا\".","vol":"14","page":512},{"text":"بحَىٍّ مِن أَحياءِ العَرَبِ وفيهِم لَديغٌ -أَو: سَليمٌ- فقالوا: هَل فيكُم مِن راقٍ؟ فرَقَيتُه بفاتِحَةِ الكِتابِ فبَرَأَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّ أَحَقَّ ما أَخَذتُم عَلَيه أَجرًا كِتابُ اللَّهِ ﷿\". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سِيدانَ بنِ مُضارِبٍ عن أبى مَعشَرٍ (^١).\nوتَمامُ هَذا البابِ وما رُوِىَ فى مُعارَضَتِه (^٢) قَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الإجارَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3133>بابُ التَّفويضِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٦].\n\n١٤٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى هذه الآيَةِ قال: هو الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ المَرأَةَ ولَم يُسَمِّ لَها صَداقًا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها مِن قَبلِ أَن يَنكِحَها، فأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى أَن يُمَتِّعَها على قَدرِ يُسرِه وعُسرِه؛ فإِن كان موسِرًا مَتَّعَها بخادِمٍ أَو نَحوِ ذَلِكَ، وإِن كان مُعسِرًا فبِثَلاثَةِ (^٤) أَثوابٍ أَو نَحوِ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٠٤٣).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"المعارضات له\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١١٧٨٦ - ١١٧٩٥).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فثلاثة\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٥٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٩٠ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح =","vol":"14","page":513},{"text":"١٤٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ، سَمِعَ أَيّوبَ بنَ سَعدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- فذَكَرَ أَنَّه فارَقَ امرأتَه. فقالَ: اعطِها كَذا واكسُها كَذا. فحَسَبنا ذَلِكَ فإِذا نَحوٌ مِن ثَلاثينَ دِرهَمًا. قُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: كَيفَ كان هَذا الرَّجُلُ؟ قال: كان مُتَسَدِّدًا (^١). ورُوّينا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: أَدنَى ما يَكونُ مِنَ المُتعَةِ ثَلاثينَ دِرهَمًا (^٢).\n\n١٤٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ، عن أَبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ -هو ابنُ عَوفٍ- أَنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه، فمَتَّعَها بجاريَةٍ سَوداءَ حَمَّمَها إيّاها (^٣). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يَعنِى مَتَّعَها بها بَعدَ الطَّلاقِ، وكانَتِ العَرَبُ تُسَمِّى المُتعَةَ: التَّحميمَ (^٤).\n_________\n= به، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٤٩) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^١) المتسدد: المعتدل. ينظر التاج ٨/ ١٧٨ (س د د).\nوالحديث عند البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤١٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٥٥) عن ابن جريج عن موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ١٥.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث ٤/ ١٥، ١٦.","vol":"14","page":514},{"text":"١٤٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أخبرَنا مَنصورُ بنُ زاذانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أَنَّ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵁- طَلَّقَ امرأةً له، فمَتَّعَها بعَشَرَةِ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ. قال: فقالَت: مَتاعٌ قَليلٌ لِحَبيبٍ أُفارِقُ. قال: فبَلَغَه ذَلِكَ فراجَعَها (^١).\n\n١٤٥٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ هو ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَيسانَ، عن مِهرانَ بنِ أبى عُمَرَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أَبيه، أَنَّ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵄- مَتَّعَ امرأةً عِشرينَ أَلفًا وزِقَّينِ (^٢) عَسَلٍ، فقالتِ المَرأةُ: مَتاعٌ قليلٌ مِن حَبيبٍ مُفارِقٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3134>بابُ أَحَدِ الزَّوجَيِن يَموتُ ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا ولَم يَدخُلْ بها</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: قَد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بأَبِى هو وأُمِّى، أَنَّه قَضَى فى بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ، ونُكِحَت بغَيرِ مَهرٍ فماتَ زَوجُها فقَضَى لَها بمَهرِ نسائِها (^٤) وقَضَى لَها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٥٦) من طريق ابن سيرين به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٢٦٠)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٢٥٦٢)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٠، من طرق عن الحسن، بلفظ: عشرين ألفًا.\n(^٢) الزق: وعاء من جلد، يجز شعره ولا ينتف نتف الأديم. الفائق ٢/ ١١٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٥٧)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى فى الكبير (٢٥٦١)، عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) فى ص ٧: \"مثلها\".","vol":"14","page":515},{"text":"بالميراثِ، فإِن كان يَثبُتُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فهو أَولَى الأُمورِ بنا، ولا حُجَّةَ فى قَولِ أَحَدٍ دونَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وإِن كَثُروا، ولا فى قياسٍ، ولا (^١) شَئَ فى قَولِه إِلَّا طاعَةُ اللَّهِ بالتَّسليمِ له. وإن كان لا يَثبُتُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَم يَكُنْ لأحَدٍ أَن يُثبِتَ عنه ما لَم يَثبُتْ، ولَم أَحفَظْه بَعدُ مِن وجهٍ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه؛ هو مَرَّةً [يُقالُ: عن] (^٢) مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، ومَرَّةً: عن مَعقِلِ بنِ سِنانٍ، ومَرَّةً: عن بَعضِ أَشجَعَ لا يُسَمَّى، فإِذا ماتَ أَو ماتَت فلا مَهرَ لَها ولا مُتعَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: فى حَديثِ بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ هَذا الاختِلافُ الَّذِى ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ، لَكِنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ إِمامٌ مِن أَئمَّةِ أهلِ الحديثِ، وقَد رَواه كما:\n\n١٤٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فماتَ ولَم يَدخُلْ بها ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها، قال: لَها الصَّداقُ كامِلًا وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ ولَها الميراثُ. فقامَ مَعقِلُ بنُ سِنانٍ فقالَ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى به فى بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ (^٤). هَذا إِسنادٌ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"فقال\".\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٦٨.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٠، ١٨١، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأحمد (١٨٤٦٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١١٤)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٩٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"14","page":516},{"text":"صَحيحٌ، وقَد سُمِّىَ فيه مَعقِلَ بنَ سِنانٍ وهو صَحابِىٌّ مَشهورٌ.\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وهو أَحَدُ حُفّاظِ الحديثِ مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ وغَيرِه بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ صَحيحٍ كَذَلِكَ:\n\n١٤٥٢٣ - أَخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^١) بنِ يَزيدَ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إِبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: أُتىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ فى امرأةٍ تُوُفِّىَ عَنها زَوجُها، ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا، ولَم يَدخُلْ بها، فتَرَدَّدوا إِلَيه ولَم يَزالوا به حَتَّى قال: إِنِّى سأقولُ برأيِى: لَها صَداقُ نِسائِها لا وَكْسَ ولا شَطَطَ (^٢)، وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ، ولَها الميراثُ. فقامَ مَعقِلُ بنُ سِنانٍ -﵁- فشَهِدَ أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى فى بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ الأشجَعيَّةِ بمِثلِ ما قَضَيتَ، ففَرِحَ عبدُ اللَّهِ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قال: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧، والمعرفة للمصنف: \"عبد اللَّه\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠.\n(^٢) أى: لا نقص ولا زيادة على القيمة ولا مبالغة فى الثمن. ينظر معالم السنن ٣/ ٢١٢، ٢١٣، ومشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥١، ٢٨٦.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٠٧)، والصغرى (٢٥٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٣، ١٨٤٦٦)، والترمذى عقب (١١٤٥)، والنسائى (٣٣٥٥) من طريق يزيد به. والترمذى (١١٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. قال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"14","page":517},{"text":"وابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إِبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنىُّ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ وقالَ: فقالَ مَعقِلُ بنُ سِنانٍ الأشجَعِىُّ.\nوبَعضُ الرّواةِ رَواه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن الثَّورِىِّ بهَذا الإسنادِ الأخيرِ وقالَ: فقامَ مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عن الثَّورِىِّ، ولا أُراه إِلَّا وهْمًا:\n\n١٤٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ يَزيدَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: مَعقِلُ بنُ يَسارٍ.\n\n١٤٥٢٦ - وأخبرَنا بحَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَسعودٍ أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه وقالَ: فإِن كان صَوابًا فمِنَ اللَّهِ، وإِن كان خَطأً فَمِنِّى (^٣)؛ لَها صَداقُ نِسائِها وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ، ولَها الميراثُ. فقامَ مَعقِلُ ابنُ يَسارٍ (^٤). وهَذا وهْمٌ، والصَّوابُ: مَعقِلُ بنُ سِنانٍ. كما رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ وغَيرُه. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١١٥).\n(^٢) ينظر الحديث بعد القادم.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"منى\"، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٩٨). وفيه: معقل بن سنان.","vol":"14","page":518},{"text":"١٤٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الشَّيبانىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، أَنَّ قَومًا أَتَوا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فقالوا له: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنّا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا ولَم يَجمَعْها إِلَيه حَتَّى ماتَ. فقالَ لَهُم عبدُ اللَّهِ -﵁-: ما سُئِلتُ عن شَئٍ مُنذُ فارَقتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺأَشَدَّ علَىَّ مِن هذه فأتُوا غَيرِى. قال: فاختَلَفوا إِلَيه فيها شَهرًا، ثُمَّ قالوا له فى آخِرِ ذَلِكَ: مَن نَسأَلُ إِذا لَم نَسأَلْكَ وأَنتَ أَخيَّةُ (^١) أَصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- فى هَذا البَلَدِ ولا نَجِدُ غَيرَكَ؟ فقالَ: سأقولُ فيها بجَهدِ رأيى، فإِن كان صَوابًا فمِنَ اللَّهِ وحدَه لا شَريكَ له، وإِن كان خَطأً فمِنِّى واللَّهُ ورسولُه مِنه بَرِئٌ: أَرَى أَن أَجعَلَ لَها صَداقًا كَصَداقِ نِسائِها لا وَكْسَ ولا شَطَطَ، ولَها الميراثُ وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ أَربَعَةَ أَشهُرٍ وعَشرًا. قال: وذَلِكَ بسَمعِ (^٢) ناسٍ مِن أَشجَعَ، فقاموا فقالوا: نَشهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَضَيتَ بمِثلِ الَّذِى قَضَى به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى امرأةٍ مِنّا يُقالُ لَها: بَرْوَعُ بنتُ واشِقٍ. قال: فما رُئىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ فرِحَ بشَئٍ ما فرِحَ يَومَئذٍ إِلَّا بإِسلامِه. ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ إِن كان صَوابًا فمِنكَ وحدَكَ لا شَريكَ لَكَ، وإِن كان خَطأً فمِنِّى ومِنَ الشَّيطانِ، واللَّهُ ورسولُه مِنه بَرِئٌ (^٣). ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) فى المستدرك: \"آخيت\"، وفى النسائى: \"من جلة\"، وأَخيَّة: بقية. النهاية ١/ ٣٠.\n(^٢) فى س، م، والمستدرك: \"يسمع\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٠، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وجاء فيه: إبراهيم بن الخليل. بدلًا من: إسماعيل بن الخليل. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٣٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤١٠١) من طريق على بن مسهر به.","vol":"14","page":519},{"text":"الشَّعبِىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، فقالَ فيه: فقامَ مَعقِلُ بنُ سِنانٍ الأشجَعِىُّ (^١). ورَواه ابنُ عَونٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن رَجُلٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال فيه: فقالَ الأشجَعِىُّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى حَسّانَ وخِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو، كِلاهُما يُحَدِّثانِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أَنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- أُتِىَ فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فماتَ قَبلَ أَن يَدخُلَ بها ولَم يُسَمِّ لَها صَداقًا، فاختَلَفوا إِلَيه فى ذَلِكَ شَهرًا أَو قَريبًا مِن شَهرٍ، فقالوا: ما بُدٌّ أَن تَقولَ فيها. قال: أَقضِى أَنَّ لَها صَداقَ امرأةٍ مِن نِسائِها لا وَكْسَ ولا شَطَطَ، ولَها الميراثُ وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ، فإِن يَكُنْ صَوابًا فمِنَ اللَّهِ، وإِن يَكُنْ خَطأً فمن نَفسِى ومِنَ الشَّيطانِ، واللَّهُ ورسولُه بَريئانِ مِن ذَلِكَ. فقامَ رَهطٌ مِن أَشجَعَ فيهِمُ الجَرّاحُ وأبو سِنانٍ فقالوا: نَشهَدُ أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى فى امرأةٍ مِنّا يُقالُ لَها: بَرْوَعُ بنتُ واشِقٍ، وكانَ زَوجُها يُقالُ له: هِلالُ بنُ مُرَّةَ الأشجَعِىُّ. ففَرِحَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁- فرَحًا شَديدًا حينَ وافَقَ قَضاؤُه قَضاءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). ورَواه هَمّامُ بنُ يَحيَى عن قَتادَةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٢٣). من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٢٠) من طريق ابن عون عن الشعبى عن الأشجعى عن ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢٧٦)، وأبو داود (٢١١٦) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"14","page":520},{"text":"أبى حَسّانَ (^١)، ورَواه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ عن قَتادَةَ عن خِلاسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هَذا الاختِلافُ فى تَسميَةِ مَن رَوَى قِصَّةَ بَرْوَعَ بنتِ واشِقٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لا يُوهِنُ الحديثَ؛ فإِنَّ جميعَ هذه الرِّواياتِ أَسانيدُها صِحاحٌ، وفِى بَعضِها ما دَلَّ على أَنَّ جَماعَةً مِن أَشجَعَ شَهِدوا بذَلِكَ، فكأنَّ بَعضَ الرّواةِ (^٣) سَمَّى مِنهُم واحِدًا، [وبَعضَهُم سَمَّى آخَرَ] (^٤)، وبَعضَهُم سَمَّى اثنَينِ، وبَعضَهُم أَطلَقَ ولَم يُسَمِّ، وبِمِثلِه (^٥) لا يُرَدُّ الحديثُ، ولَولا ثِقَةُ مَن رَواه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَما كان لِفَرَحِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ برِوايَتِه مَعنًى. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3135>بابُ مَن قال: لا صَداقَ لَها</span>\n\n١٤٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابنَةَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -وأُمُّها ابنَةُ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ- كانَت تَحتَ ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فماتَ ولَم يَدخُلْ بها ولَم يُسَمِّ لَها صَداقًا، فابتَغَت أُمُّها صَداقَها، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: لَيسَ لَها صَداقٌ، ولَو كان لَها صَداقٌ لَم نَمنَعْكُموه ولَم نَظلِمْها. فأَبَت أَن تَقبَلَ ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلوا بَينَهُم زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٦٠)، والطيالسى (١٣٦٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الرواية\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"ومثله\".","vol":"14","page":521},{"text":"فقَضَى أنْ لا صَداقَ لَها، ولَها الميراثُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أَنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- زَوَّجَ ابنًا له ابنَةَ أَخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وابنُه صَغيرٌ يَومَئذٍ، ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا، فمَكَثَ الغُلامُ ما مَكَثَ ثُمَّ ماتَ، فخاصَمَ خالُ الجاريَةِ ابنَ عُمَرَ إِلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ لِزَيدٍ: إِنِّى زَوَّجتُ ابنى وأَنا أُحدِّثُ نَفسِى أَن أَصنَعَ به خَيرًا، فماتَ قَبلَ ذَلِكَ ولَم يَفرِضْ لِلجاريَةِ صَداقًا. فقالَ زَيدٌ: فلَها الميراثُ إِن كان لِلغُلامِ مالٌ، وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ ولا صَداقَ لَها (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٣١ - وبِمَعناه قال ابنُ عباسٍ، وذَلِكَ فيما رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n١٤٥٣٢ - أَخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٠٨)، والشافعى فى المسند ٢/ ١١ (١٦)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٧.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٩٢٥)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٣٥٥ عقب (٥٣٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٩٥) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"14","page":522},{"text":"عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ خَيرٍ قال: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يقولُ: لَها الميراثُ وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ ولا صَداقَ لَها (^١).\n\n١٤٥٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أَنَّه قال فى المُتَوَفَّى عَنها ولَم يَفرِضْ لَها صَداقًا: لَها الميراثُ ولا صَداقَ لَها (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٣٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن علىٍّ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٣٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أَنَّه قال: لَها الميراثُ وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ ولا صَداقَ لَها (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٣٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الكوفِىُّ، عن مَزيَدَةَ ابنِ جابِرٍ، أَنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: لا نَقبَلُ (^٥) قَولَ أَعرابِىٍّ مِن أَشجَعَ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ (^٦).\nورُوِّينا عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، وعَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ أَنَّهُما قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٩٣) من طريق عطاء بن السائب به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٩٢٢).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٩٢٣).\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٩٢٤).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"يقبل\".\n(^٦) سعيد بن منصور (٩٣١).","vol":"14","page":523},{"text":"لَيسَ لَها إِلَّا الميراثُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3136>بابُ أَحَدِ الزَّوجَيِن يَموتُ وقَد فرَضَ لَها صَداقًا</span>\n\n١٤٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنى عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ يَموتُ عَنها زَوجُها وقَد فرَضَ لَها صَداقًا قال: لَها الصَّداقُ والميراثُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3137>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ بامرأةٍ على حُكمِها</span>\n\n١٤٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٣)، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أَيّوبَ بنِ أبى تَميمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أَنَّ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ صَحِبَ رَجُلًا فرأى امرأتَه فأَعجَبَته، فتوُفِّىَ فى الطَّريقِ فخَطَبَها الأشعَثُ بنُ قَيسٍ، فأَبَت أَن تتَزَوَّجَه إِلَّا على حُكمِها، فتَزَوَّجَها على حُكمِها، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها قَبلَ أَن تَحكُمَ، فقالَ: احكُمِى. فقالَت: أَحكُمُ فُلانًا وفُلانًا، رَقيقًا كانوا لأبيه مِن تِلادِه (^٤). فقالَ: احكُمِى غَيرَ هَؤُلاءِ. فأَبَت فأَتَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، عَجَزتُ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. فَقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٨٢) عن أبى الشعثاء وعطاء به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣١٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٦٩.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الأصم\".\n(^٤) فى س: \"تلاد\"، وفى الأم: \"بلاده\". والتلاد: كل مال قديم يرثه الرجل عن آبائه أو مال استخرجه كالدابة ينتجها أو الرقيق يولدون فى ملكه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٠٩، ٣١٠.","vol":"14","page":524},{"text":"ما هُنَّ؟ قال: عَشِقتُ امرأةً. قال: هَذا ما لَم تَملِكْ. قال: ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجتُها على حُكمِها، ثُمَّ طَلَّقتُها قَبلَ أَن تَحكُمَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: امرأةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَعنى عُمَرُ: لَها مَهرُ امرأةٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ويَعنِى: مِن نِسائِها. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أَيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ وهِشامٍ عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أَنَّ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً عَشِقَها على حُكمِها، فاحتَكَمَت عَلَيه مَملوكَينِ له، فأَتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: عَشِقتُ امرأةً. قال: ذاكَ مِمّا لَم تَملِكْ. قال: جَعَلتُ لَها حُكمَها. قال: حُكمُها لَيسَ بشَئٍ، لَها سُنَّةُ نِسائِها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3138>بابُ الشَّرطِ فى المَهرِ</span>\n\n١٤٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا [أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ و] (^٣) أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ هو ابنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قال عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أَيُّما امرأةٍ نُكِحَت على صَداقٍ أَو حِباءٍ (^٤) أَو عِدَةٍ قَبلَ عِصمَةِ النِّكاحِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣١٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٧١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٣٧٧) من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه.\n(^٣) زيادة من حاشية الأصل وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\".\n(^٤) الحِبَاء: العَطيَّة. النهاية ١/ ٣٣٦.","vol":"14","page":525},{"text":"فهو لَها، فما كان بَعدَ عِصمَةِ النِّكاحِ فهو لِمَن أُعطيَه، وأَحَقُّ ما أُكرِمَ عَلَيه الرَّجُلُ ابنَتُه أَو أُختُه\" (^١).\n\n١٤٥٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَسعودٍ أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، أخبرَنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أَرطاةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال: النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما استُحِلَّ به فرجُ المَرأَةِ مِن مَهرٍ أَو عِدَةٍ فهو لَها، وما أُكرِمَ به أَبوها أَو أَخوها أَو وليُّها بَعدَ عُقدَةِ النِّكاحِ فهو له، وأحَقُّ ما أُكرِمَ به الرَّجُلُ ابنَتُه أَو أُختُه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الصَّغانِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3139>بابُ الشُّروطِ فى النِّكاحِ</span>\n\n١٤٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَيّانَ التَّمّارُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا لَيثٌ حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّ أَحَقَّ الشُّروطِ أَن يوفَى بها ما استَحلَلتُم به\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٦٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٣٥٣) من طريق حجاج به، وأحمد (٦٧٠٩)، وأبو داود (٢١٢٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٦٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٠٩) عن عفان به.","vol":"14","page":526},{"text":"الفُروجَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو مَسعودٍ أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن مَرثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ وهو أبو الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِنَّ أَحَقَّ الشُّروطِ أَن يوفَى بها ما استَحلَلتُم به الفُروجَ\" (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أَوجُهٍ عن عبدِ الحَميدِ ابنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى سُنَّةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إِنَّه إِنَّما يوفَى مِنَ الشُّروطِ بما سَنَّ أَنَّه جائزٌ ولَم تَدُلَّ سُنَّتُه (^٥) على أَنَّه غَيرُ جائزٍ (^٦).\n\n١٤٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى رِجالٌ مِن أَهلِ العِلمِ؛ مِنهُم يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أَنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ أَخبَرَهُم، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أَنَّها قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٦٢)، وأبو داود (٢١٣٩)، والنسائى (٣٢٨١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٩٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٥١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠٢، ١٣٧٦)، والترمذى (١١٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٤) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤١٨/ ٦٣).\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"سنة\".\n(^٦) الأم ٥/ ٧٤. وفيه: بما يَبِينُ أنه جائز.","vol":"14","page":527},{"text":"جاءَت بَريرَةُ إِلَىَّ فقالَت: يا عائشَةُ إِنِّى كاتَبتُ أَهلِى على تسعةِ (^١) أَواقٍ، فى كُلِّ عامٍ أوقيَّةٌ فأَعينينِى. ولَم تَكُنْ قَضَت مِن كِتابَتِها شَيئًا، فقالَت لَها عائشَةُ ونَفِسَت فيها (^٢): ارجِعِى إِلَى أَهلِكِ فإِن أَحَبّوا أَن أُعطيَهُم ذَلِكَ جَميعًا ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لى فعَلتُ. فذَهَبَت بَريرَةُ إِلَى أَهلِها فعَرَضَت ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم فأَبَوا، وقالوا: إِن شاءَت أَن تَحتَسِبَ عَلَيكِ فلتَفعَلْ ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ مِنها؛ ابتاعِى وأَعتِقِى فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لِمَن أَعتَقَ\". ففَعَلَت، وقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى النّاسِ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ قال: \"أَمّا بَعدُ، فما بالُ ناسٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كتابِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى (^٣)! مَنِ اشتَرَطَ شَرطًا لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فهوَ باطِلٌ وإِن كان مِائَةَ شَرطٍ، قَضاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ، وشَرطُ اللَّهِ أَوثَقُ، وإنَّما الوَلاءُ لِمَن أَعتَقَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَد يُروَى عنه: \"المُسلِمونَ على شُروطِهِم، إِلَّا شَرطًا أَحَلَّ حَرامًا أَو حَرَّمَ حَلالًا\". ومُفَسَّرُ حَديثِه يَدُلُّ على جُملَتِهِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\". وهو موافق لمصادر التخريج. وفى النسخ: \"سبعة\".\n(^٢) نفس فى الشئ: رغب فيه. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٨٥.\n(^٣) بعدها فى س، م: \"ولا سنة نبيه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٤٦٧٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٣ من طريق يونس به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٢٢)، وأبو داود (٣٩٢٩)، والترمذى (٢١٢٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٥٦١)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٦).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٧).\n(^٧) الأم ٥/ ٧٤.","vol":"14","page":528},{"text":"١٤٥٤٥ - أَخبَرناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خُرَيمٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ ابنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمونَ عِندَ شُروطِهِم، إِلَّا شَرطًا (^١) حَرَّمَ حَلالًا أَو شَرطًا أَحَلَّ حَرامًا\" (^٢). وكذَلك روَاه أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ عن كَثيرٍ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ مَعناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٤٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمونَ عِندَ شُروطِهِم فيما وافَقَ الحَقَّ\" (^٤). لَفظُ سُفيانَ بنِ حَمزَةَ.\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ ثالِثٍ ضَعيفٍ عن عائشةَ، وعن أَنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"شرط\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣١٨). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧ من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٤٨) من طريق ابن أبى حازم وسفيان عن كثير به. وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤٩، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٩٠ من طريق كثير بن زيد به.\n(^٥) كتب أمام هذا الموضع فى حاشية الأصل: \"هذا رواه شيخك الحاكم فى المستدرك، ولكن الصواب معك لا معه\".","vol":"14","page":529},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجَزَرِىُّ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُسلِمونَ عندَ شُروطهِم ما وافَقَ الحَقَّ\". قال خُصَيفٌ: وحَدَّثَنى عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمونَ عِندَ شُروطِهِم ما وافَقَ الحَقَّ مِن ذَلِكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إِبراهيمَ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنبَغِى لامرأةٍ أَن تَشتَرِطَ طَلاقَ أُختِها لِتَكفأَ إِناءَها\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِم الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ فرقَدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبّاقِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً على عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وشَرَطَ لَها ألَّا يُخرِجَها، فوَضَعَ عنه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- الشَّرطَ وقالَ: المَرأَةُ مَعَ زَوجِها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٩، ٥٠. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧، ٢٨ من طريق ابن أبى الدنيا به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٦٧٨) من طريق أبى حاتم به، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦١٦٩) من طريق أبى سلمة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٥٢).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٦٩).","vol":"14","page":530},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- بخِلافِهِ:\n\n١٤٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ أبى المُهاجِرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنمٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- سُئلَ عنه فقالَ: لَها دارُها. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا أَميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إِذًا يُطَلِّقْنَنا (^٢). قال: إِنَّ مَقاطِعَ الحُقوقِ عِندَ الشُّروطِ (^٣).\nالرِّوايَةُ الأولَى أَشبَهُ بالكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ وقَولِ غَيرِه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ.\n\n١٤٥٥١ - أخبرَنا (^٤) عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ قالوا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأسَدِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: شَرطُ اللَّهِ قَبلَ شَرطِها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"عبد\"، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣/ ١٤٣.\n(^٢) فى س: \"تطلقنا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٦٦٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٩٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، ص ٧: \"أبو\"، وفى م: \"أبو محمد\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣١٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٩٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٦٢٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وفيه: المنهال عن عبد اللَّه، وصوب فى الحاشية إلى عباد بن عبد اللَّه.","vol":"14","page":531},{"text":"١٤٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ (^١) بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ قالوا: حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: هو ما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٥٣ - قال سفيانُ: قال الزُّهرِىُّ وغَيرُه: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن شَرَطَ شَرطًا لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فلَيسَ له ذاكَ وإن كان مِائَةَ شَرطٍ\".\n\n١٤٥٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أَنَّه بَلَغَه أَنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ تَشتَرِطُ على زَوجِها أَنَّه لا يَخرُجُ بها مِن بَلَدِها. فقال (^٣) سعيدٌ: يَخرُجُ بها إِن شاءَ (^٤). ورُوِّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وشَرَطَ لَها دارَها، قال: زَوجُها دارُها (^٥). ورُوّينا عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه قال: أَرَى أن يوفَى لَها بشَرطِها (^٦). وقَولُ الجَماعَةِ أَولَى.\n\n١٤٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا قَبيصةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أبو عبد اللَّه الحافظ\"، وفى ص ٧، م: \"أبو عبد اللَّه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٩٤) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، ص ٧: \"قال\"، وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقال\"، وفى س، م: \"قال فقال\".\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٥٣٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٠٣) عن الشعبى.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦١٢) عن عمرو بن العاص.","vol":"14","page":532},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً وشَرَطتُ لَها الفُرقَةَ والجِماعَ بيَدِها. فَقالَ: خالَفتَ السُّنَّةَ ووَلَّيتَ الأمرَ غَيرَ أَهلِه؛ فالصَّداقُ والفِراقُ (^١) والجِماعُ بيَدِكَ (^٢).\nقال: وجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً وشَرَطتُ لَها إِن لَم أَجِئْ بكَذا وكَذا إِلَى كَذا وكَذا فلَيسَ لِى نِكاحٌ. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: النِّكاحُ جائزٌ والشَّرطُ لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَكَحَ امرأةً فأَصدَقَته المَرأَةُ وشَرَطَتْ عَلَيه أَنَّ بيَدِها (^٤) الجِماعَ والفُرقَةَ، فقيلَ له: خالَفتَ السُّنَّةَ ووَلَّيتَ الحَقَّ غَيرَ أَهلِه، فقَضَى ابنُ عباسٍ: أَنَّ عَلَيه الصَّداقَ وبيَدِه الجِماعَ والفُرقَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٥٥٧ - وروَاه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، أَنَّ عَليًّا وابنَ عباسٍ سُئلا عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وشَرَطَت عَلَيه أَنَّ بيَدِها الفُرقَةَ والجِماعَ وعَلَيها الصَّداقَ. فقالا: عَميتَ عن السُّنَّةِ، ووَلَّيتَ الأمرَ غَيرَ أَهلِه؛\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: الفرقة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦٧١) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٥٩٧) عن ابن جريج بنحوه.\n(^٤) بعدها فى م: \"أمر\".\n(^٥) ينظر التخريج السابق.","vol":"14","page":533},{"text":"عَلَيكَ الصَّداقُ وبيَدِكَ الفِراقُ والجِماعُ. أَخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وفِى هَذا إِرسالٌ بَينَ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ ومَن فوقَه.\n\n١٤٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن القاسِمِ مَولَى خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ -﵁- أَنَّ رسولَ (^٢) اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"النِّساءُ مَعَ أَزواجِهِنَّ حَيثُما كانوا، إِلَّا نِساءَ الأنصارِ لا يَخرُجنَ مِن بُيوتِهِنَّ ولا يُخرَجنَ\" (^٣). يعنى مِنَ المَدينَةِ.\nجَعفَرُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ هَذا ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3140>بابُ مَن قال: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكاحِ الزَّوجُ، مِن بابِ عَفوِ المَهرِ</span>\n\n١٤٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٧١).\n(^٢) أمامها فى حاشية الأصل: \"سقط \"رسول\" من النسخة التى بخط المؤلف\".\n(^٣) عزاه فى كنز العمال (٣٤٤٢١) إلى المصنف وابن مردويه.\n(^٤) هو جعفر بن الزبير الحنفى الباهلى الشامى الدمشقى نزيل البصرة. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٩٢ وضعفاء العقيلى ١/ ١٨٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٢، والكامل فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٥٥٨.","vol":"14","page":534},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: سألَنِى علىٌّ -﵁- عن الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكَاحِ. قال: قُلتُ: هو الوَلِىُّ؟ قال: لا، بَل هو الزَّوجُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا (^٢) محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى (^٣) بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكَاحِ هو الزَّوجُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ غَيلانَ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن إِسرائيلَ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: هو الزَّوجُ (^٥). كَذا فى هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وقَد رُوِىَ عنه بخِلافِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٢١)، وفى الصغرى (٢٥٧٥). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٤ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"إبراهيم بن مرزوق أنبأ عبيد اللَّه بن عبد المجيد ثنا جرير بن خازم أبى\".\n(^٣) ليست فى: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٤٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٤، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨٠ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨٠. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٥ من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٦) سيأتى فى (١٤٥٦٨ - ١٤٥٧٠).","vol":"14","page":535},{"text":"١٤٥٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، أَنَّ جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِن بَنِى نَصرٍ فسَمَّى لَها صَداقًا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها مِن قَبلِ أَن يَدخُلَ بها، فقَرأ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِى بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧]، قال: أَنا أَحَقُّ بالعَفوِ مِنها. فسَلَّمَ إِلَيها صَداقَها (^١).\n\n١٤٥٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ [محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ] (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أَنَّه قال: إِلَّا أَن تَعفوَ المَرأَةُ فتَدَعَ نِصفَ صَداقِها، أَو يَعفوَ الزَّوجُ فيُكمِلَ لَها صَداقَها (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وعُبَيدٌ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أَنَّه قال: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكاحِ هو الزَّوجُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٤١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٨، ٢٧٩، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٥، ٣٢٦ من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) زيادة من: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٨ من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٨، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨١ من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"14","page":536},{"text":"الفَضلِ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ قال: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا امرأةً فطَلَّقَها زَوجُها قَبلَ أَن يَدخُلَ بها، فعَفا أَخوها عن صَداقِها، فارتَفَعوا إِلَى شُرَيحٍ فأَجازَ عَفوَه، ثُمَّ قال بَعدُ: أَنا أَعفو عن صَداقِ بَنِى (^١) مُرَّةَ. فكانَ يقولُ بَعدُ: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوجُ، أَن يَعفوَ عن الصَّداقِ كُلِّه فيُسَلِّمَه إليها (^٢)، أَو تَعفوَ هِىَ عن النِّصفِ الَّذِى فرَضَ اللَّهُ لَها، وإِن تَشاحّا فلَها نِصفُ الصَّداقِ.\nوبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: واللَّهِ ما قَضَى شُرَيحٌ قَضاءً قَطُّ كان أَحمَقَ مِنه، حينَ (^٣) تَرَكَ قَولَه الأوَّلَ وأَخَذَ بهَذا (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ وعَطاءٍ وأَهلِ المَدينَةِ أَنَّهُم قالوا: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكَاحِ هو الوَلىُّ. فأَخبَرتُهُم بقَولِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ: هو الزَّوجُ. فرَجَعوا عن قَولِهِم، فلَمّا قَدِمَ سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ قال: أَرأيتُم إِن عَفا الوَلِىُّ وأَبَتِ المَرأَةُ ما يُغنِى عَفوُ الوَلِىُّ؟ أَو عَفَت هِىَ وأَبَى الوَلِىُّ ما لِلوَلِىِّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٥)؟\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، والمهذب ٦/ ٢٨٢٢: \"بنتى\"، وكتب فى حاشيتها: \"بخط المؤلف عن صداق بنى مرة\". والمثبت كما فى مصادر التخريج. وينظر المحرر الوجيز ١/ ٣١٣.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لها\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"حتى\".\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٣٩٠، ٣٩١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١٩ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٣٨٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٤٦)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٩ من طريق أبى بشر بنحوه.","vol":"14","page":537},{"text":"١٤٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ غَيلانَ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: هو الزَّوجُ، إِن شاءَ أَتَمَّ لَها الصَّداقَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قال نافِعُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كَعبٍ وطاوُسٌ ومُجاهِدٌ والشَّعبِىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ. وقالَ إِبراهيمُ وعَلقَمَةُ والحَسَنُ: هو الوَلِىُّ (^٢). ورَوَى (^٣) ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أَبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"ولِىُّ عُقدَةِ النِّكاحِ الزَّوجُ\" (^٤).\nوَهَذا غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، وابنُ لَهيعَةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3141>بابُ مَن قال: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكاحِ الوَلِىُّ</span>\n\n١٤٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِىُّ حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ فى الَّذِى ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِى بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"صداقها\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨١.\n(^٣) بعدها فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٥٩)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٣٥٩) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٢٧).","vol":"14","page":538},{"text":"النِّكَاحِ﴾ قال: ذَلِكَ أَبوها (^١).\n\n١٤٥٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ﴾ قال: أَن تَعفوَ المَرأَةُ، ﴿أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِى بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ﴾: الوَلِىُّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ﴾ قال: هِىَ المَرأَةُ الثَّيِّبُ أَوِ البِكرُ يُزَوِّجُها غَيرُ أَبيها؛ فجَعَلَ اللَّهُ العَفوَ إِلَيهِنَّ؛ إِن شِئنَ تَرَكنَ وإِن شِئنَ أَخَذنَ نِصفَ الصَّداقِ. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِى بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ﴾ وهو أبو الجاريَةِ البِكرِ؛ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ العَفوَ إِلَيه، لَيسَ لَها مَعَه أَمرٌ إِذا طُلِّقَت، ما كانَت فى حَجرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بشرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٦١) عن ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٥٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٦٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١٧، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٥٨) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١٤، ٣١٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٥٦) من طريق عبد اللَّه ابن صالح به.","vol":"14","page":539},{"text":"ابنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن إِبراهيمَ، أَنَّ عَلقَمَةَ قال: الَّذِى بيَدِه عُقدَةُ النِّكاحِ الوَلِىُّ. قال شُرَيحٌ: الزَّوجُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ القُشَيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: هو الوَلِىُّ. قال: سعيدُ ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ: ولا يُعجِبُنا هَذا (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷾ بالعَفوِ وأَذِنَ فيه، فإِن عَفَت جازَ عَفوُها، وإن شَحَّت وعَفا وليُّها جازَ عَفوُه (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٧٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إِبراهيمَ قال: هو الوَلِىُّ (^٤). ورُوِّينا هَذا القَولَ أَيضًا عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ والزُّهرِىِّ وهو قَولُ مالكٍ (^٥). وإِلَيه كان يَذهَبُ الشّافِعِىُّ فى القَديمِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فى الجَديدِ إِلَى\n_________\n(^١) أثر علقمة أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٥٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٣٨٦ - تفسير)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٥٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١٨، ٣١٩ من طريق الأعمش به. وأثر شريح أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٥١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٥، ٣٢٦ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٠ من طريق سعيد به، دون قول سعيد.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٣٨٩ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٣ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٣٨٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٣ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.\nوالأثر عند مالك ٢/ ٥٢٨. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٢٣، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨٥٤، =","vol":"14","page":540},{"text":"القَولِ الأوَّلِ (^١)، و[القَولُ الأوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3142>بابٌ: لا يَدخُلُ بها حَتَّى يُعطيَها صَداقَها أَو ما رَضيَت بهِ</span>\n\n١٤٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ وعباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أَيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: لَمّا تَزَوَّجتُ فاطِمَةَ -﵂- بنتَ النَّبىِّ -ﷺ-؛ قُلتُ: ابنِ بى (^٣) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: \"أَعطِها شَيئًا\". فقُلتُ: أَثِبْنِى (^٤) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما عِندِى شَئٌ. قال: \"فأَينَ دِرعُكَ الحُطَميَّةُ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: ها هِىَ ذِى عِندِى. قال: \"أَعطِها إيّاها\" (^٥).\n\n١٤٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الحِمصىُّ، حدثنا أبو حَيوَةَ، عن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى غَيلانُ بنُ أَنَسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أَصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أَنَّ عَليًّا لَمّا تَزَوَّجَ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَرادَ أَن يَدخُلَ بها، فمَنَعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى يُعطيَها شَيئًا،\n_________\n= ١٠٨٥٥) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^١) ينظر الحاوى للماوردى ٩/ ٥١٣، ٥١٤.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"هو القول الأصح واللَّه أعلم بالصواب\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أبى\".\n(^٤) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا فى حاشية الأصل بخطه: ابتنى\" بدون نقط الحرف الثانى.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٧٥) من طريق هشام به. وأبو داود (٢١٢٥)، وابن حبان (٦٩٤٥) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"14","page":541},{"text":"فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَيسَ لى شَئٌ. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أَعطِها دِرعَكَ\". فأَعطاها دِرعَه ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بها (^١).\n\n١٤٥٧٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا كَثيرٌ، حدثنا أبو حَيوَةَ، عن شُعَيبٍ، عن غَيلانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أَنَّه سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إِذا نَكَحَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ فسَمَّى لَها صَداقًا، فأَرادَ أَن يَدخُلَ عَلَيها فلْيُلقِ إِلَيها رِداءً أَو خاتَمًا إِن كان مَعَه (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى يونُسُ، عن نافِعٍ، أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: لا يَصلُحُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَن يَقَعَ على المَرأَةِ حَتَّى يُقَدِّمَ إِلَيها شَيئًا مِن مالِه (^٤)، ما رَضيَت به مِن كِسوَةٍ أَو (^٥) عَطاءٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٢٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٣١) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"مالها\".\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"و\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٨٨) من طريق نافع بنحوه.","vol":"14","page":542},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3143>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَرضَى بالدُّخولِ بها قَبلَ أَن يُعطيَها شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٤٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فجَهَّزَها إِلَيه مِن قَبلِ أَن يَنقُدَ شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٤٥٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وكانَ مُعسِرًا، فأَمَرَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَن يُرفَقَ به، فدَخَلَ بها ولَم يُنقِدْها شَيئًا، ثُمَّ أَيسَرَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فساقَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا حَسَنُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه (^٣).\nوصَلَه شَريكٌ وأَرسَلَه غَيرُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسدد - كما فى المطالب العالية (١٦٨١) من طريق الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٧٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٧٥) من طريق طلحة بن مصرف بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٢٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٢) من طريق شريك به. وسعيد بن منصور (٧٤٤) من طريق منصور بنحوه. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٦٣).\n(^٤) قال أبو داود: خيثمة لم يسمع من عائشة. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٢٤: المرسل أصح.","vol":"14","page":543},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3144>بابُ المَرأَةِ تُصلِحُ أَمرَها لِلدُّخولِ بها</span>\n\n١٤٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قال: وجَدتُ فى كِتابِى، عن أبى أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِسِتِّ سِنينَ، وبَنَى بى وأَنا ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ. قالَت: فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فوُعِكْتُ شَهرًا، فوَفَى شَعرِى جُمَيمَةً (^١)، فأَتَتنِى أُمُّ رُومَانَ وأَنا على أُرجوحَةٍ ومَعِى صَواحِبِى فصَرَخَت بى، فأَتَيتُها وما أَدرِى ما يُرادُ بى، فأَخَذَت بيَدِى فأَوقَفَتنِى على البابِ، فقُلتُ: هَهْ هَهْ. حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَفَسِى، فأَدخَلَتنِى بَيتًا فإِذا نِسوَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقُلنَ: على الخَيرِ والبَرَكَةِ وعَلَى خَيرِ طائرٍ. فأَسلَمَتنى إِلَيهِنَّ فغَسَلْنَ رأسِى وأَصلَحنَنِى، فلَم يَرُعْنِى إِلَّا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَعنى ضُحًى، فأَسلَمنَنِى إِلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ مُرسَلًا مُختَصَرًا (^٣). وأَخرَجَه بهَذا اللَّفظِ مِن حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ عن هِشامٍ\n_________\n(^١) أى: طال شعرى، وبلغ أن يكون جميمة، تصغير جمة، وهى الشعر النازل إلى الأذنين. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٢، وتاج العروس ٣١/ ٤٢٠، ٤٢١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٠٧٩) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٨٦٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٣٣، ٤٩٣٤)، والنسائى (٣٢٥٥، ٣٢٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٨٧٦) من طريق هشام بن عروة به. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٣٧٧٥، ١٣٩٥٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٩٤، ٦٣٨٩٦، ٥١٥٦).","vol":"14","page":544},{"text":"كما مَضَى ذِكرُه فى آخِرِ أَبوابِ خُطبَةِ النِّكاحِ (^١)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كانَت أُمِّى تُعالِجُنِى تُريدُ تُسَمِّنُنى بَعضَ السِّمَنِ لِتُدخِلَنِى على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فما استَقامَ لَها بَعضُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى أَكَلتُ التَّمرَ بالقِثّاءِ فسَمِنتُ عنه كأحسَنِ ما يَكونُ مِنَ السِّمْنَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٨٥ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن هِشامٍ بمَعناه إِلا أَنَّه قال: القِثّاءَ بالرُّطَبِ. أَخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ نوحُ بنُ يَزيدَ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أَرادَت أُمِّى أَن تُسَمِّنَنِى لِدُخولِى على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، قالَت: فلَم أُقْبِلْ عَلَيها بشَئٍ مِمّا تُريدُ، حَتَّى أَطعَمَتنِى القِثّاءَ بالرُّطَبِ، فسَمِنتُ عَلَيه كأحسَنِ السِّمَنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٣٩٥٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٢٤) من طريق يونس بن بكير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٠٣)، والحاكم فى المستدرك ٢/ ١٨٥ - ومن طريقه المصنف فى الشعب (٥٩٩٢) - من طريق نوح بن يزيد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٢٥)، وابن عدى فى الكامل =","vol":"14","page":545},{"text":"١٤٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ قال: قال لِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أَبانٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١)، عن أَبيه، وهو سَعدُ (^٢) بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الكاهِلِىُّ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: لَمّا خَطَبتُ فاطِمَةَ -﵂- (^٣) قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ مِن مَهرٍ\". قُلتُ: مَعِى راحِلَتَى ودِرعِى. قال: فبِعتُهُما بأَربَعِمِائَةٍ. وقالَ: \"أكثِرِوا الطِّيبَ لِفاطِمَةَ؛ فإنَّها امرأةٌ مِنَ النِّساءِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزاةٍ فلَمّا أقبَلنا تَعَجَّلتُ على بَعيرٍ لِى قَطُوفٍ (^٥)، فلَحِقَنِى راكِبٌ مِن خَلفِى فنَخَسَ بَعيرِى بعَنَزَةٍ (^٦) كانَت مَعَه، فانطَلَقَ بَعيرِى كأجوَدِ ما أنتَ راءٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا أَنا برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما يُعجِلُكَ يا جابِرُ؟ \".\n_________\n= ٥/ ١٨٠٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وقال الحاكم: صحيح على شرط مسلم ولم يخرجاه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^١) فى م: \"سعيد\". وينظر ثقات ابن حبان ٦/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بنت النبى\".\n(^٤) البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٦٠.\n(^٥) فى س: \"تطوف\". والقطاف: الإبطاء فى السير والمقاربة بين الخطى، يقال: جمل قطوف. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٦) العنزة: عصا شبيهة بالعكازة، وهى الحربة. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ١/ ٦٣٢.","vol":"14","page":546},{"text":"قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّى حَديثُ عَهدٍ بعُرسٍ. فقالَ: \"أَبِكرًا تَزَوَّجتَها أَم ثَيِّبًا؟ \". قال: قُلْتُ (^١): بَل ثَيِّبٌ. قال: \"فهَلَّا جاريَةً تُلاعِبُها وتُلاعِبُكَ؟ \". قال: فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ ذَهَبنا لِنَدخُلَ، فقالَ: \"أَمهِلوا حَتَّى نَدخُلَ لَيلًا -أَى عِشاءً- كَى تَمتَشِطَ الشَّعِثَةُ وتَستَحِدَّ المُغِيبَةُ (^٢) \". قال: وقالَ: \"فإِذا قَدِمتَ (^٣) فالكَيسَ الكَيسَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\"، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥)، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن أبى النُّعمانِ وغَيرِه عن هُشَيمٍ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3145>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَخلُو بامرأتِه ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها قَبلَ المَسيسِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٧].\n\n١٤٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أَنَّه قال فى الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ المَرأَةَ يَخلُو بها ولا يَمَسُّها ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها: لَيسَ لَها إِلَّا نِصفُ الصَّداقِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) تستحد: الاستحداد، حلق شعر العورة بموسى الحديد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٤.\nوالمغيبة: التى غاب عنها زوجها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"المدينة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٦٢)، وأبو يعلى (١٨٥٠) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"وغيره\".\n(^٦) مسلم (٧١٥/ ٥٧)، والبخارى (٥٠٧٩، ٥٢٤٥، ٥٢٤٧).","vol":"14","page":547},{"text":"فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّه كان يقولُ فى رَجُلٍ أُدخِلَت عَلَيه امرأتُه ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها فزَعَمَ أَنَّه لَم يَمَسَّها؛ قال: عَلَيه نِصفُ الصَّداقِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إِبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ﴾. فهو الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ المَرأَةَ وقَد سَمَّى لَها صَداقًا، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها مِن قَبلِ أَن يَمَسَّها، والمسُّ الجِماعُ فلَها نِصفُ الصَّداقِ، ولَيسَ لَها أَكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٩١ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ (^٤) عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩]. فهَذا الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ المَرأَةَ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها (^٥) قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى فى مسنده ٢/ ١٠ (١١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٨٢) عن ابن جريج بنحوه.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١٢، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٣٥٦) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"من\".","vol":"14","page":548},{"text":"طَلَّقَها واحِدَةً بانَت مِنه ولا عِدَّةَ عَلَيها، تَزَوَّجُ مَن شاءَت، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩]. يقولُ: إِن كان سَمَّى لَها صَداقًا فلَيسَ لَها إِلَّا النِّصفُ، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَها صَداقًا مَتَّعَها على قَدرِ يُسرِه وعُسرِه وهو السَّراحُ الجَميلُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أَنَّ عمرَو بنَ نافِعٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وكانَت قَد أُدخِلَت عَلَيه، فزَعَمَ أَنَّه لَم يَقرَبْها وزَعَمَت أَنَّه قَد قَرِبَها، فخاصَمَته إِلَى شُرَيحٍ، فصَبَرَ (^٢) شُرَيحٌ يَمينَ عمرٍو باللَّهِ الَّذِى لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هو ما قَرِبَها، وقَضى عَلَيه بنِصفِ الصَّداقِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٩٣ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ ومُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً فأَغلَقَ البابَ وأَرخَى السِّترَ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها ولَم يَمَسَّها، فقَضَى لَها شُرَيحٌ بنِصفِ الصَّداقِ. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٩/ ١٢٨ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به. وعزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ١٢/ ٧٨ إلى ابن أبى حاتم وابن المنذر.\n(^٢) أى: ألزم. النهاية ٣/ ٨.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٧٦٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٨٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٦٦) من طريق مغيرة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨٨٦) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"14","page":549},{"text":"١٤٥٩٤ - ورَوَى الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لَها نِصفُ الصَّداقِ وإِن جَلَسَ بَينَ رِجلَيها، وذَلِكَ فيما أَنبأَنِيه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إِجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ (^١). فذَكَرَه. وفيه انقِطاعٌ بَينَ الشَّعبِىِّ وبَينَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3146>بابُ مَن قال: مَن أَغلَقَ بابًا وأرخَى سِترًا فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ. وما رُوِىَ فى مَعناهُ</span>\n\n١٤٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا [أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ] (^٢)، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى فى المَرأَةِ يَتَزَوَّجُها الرَّجُلُ، أَنَّه إِذا أُرخيَتِ السُّتورُ فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٩٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أَنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- قال: إِذا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بامرأتِه فأُرخيَت عَلَيهِما السُّتورُ؛ فقَد وجَبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٥٣) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) كتب عليها فى الأصل: \"إجازة. . . إلى\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٢٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٣، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٨.","vol":"14","page":550},{"text":"الصَّداقُ (^١).\n\n١٤٥٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ المُنتَصِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: إِذا أُجيفَ البابُ (^٢) وأُرخيَتِ السُّتورُ؛ فقَد وجَبَ المَهرُ (^٣).\n\n١٤٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، يَعنِى ابنَ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ وعَليًّا -﵄- قالا: إِذا أَغلَقَ بابًا وأَرخَى سِترًا؛ فلَها الصَّداقُ كامِلًا وعَلَيها العِدَّةُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن مَيسَرَةَ، عن المِنهالِ، عن عَبّادٍ، يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأسَدِىَّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٢٩)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٣، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٨.\n(^٢) أجيف الباب: أغلق. ينظر تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين ص ٢٧١.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٦. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٥٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به، دون ذكر: عن عمر.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٧٧)، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٤١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٠٩ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.","vol":"14","page":551},{"text":"قال: إِذا اغلَقَ بابًا وأرخَى سِترًا؛ فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أَوفَى قال: قَضاءُ الخُلَفاءِ الرّاشِدينَ المَهدِيّينَ أَنَّه مَن أَغلَقَ بابًا أو (^٢) أَرخَى سِترًا؛ فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ والعِدَّةُ (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ؛ زُرارَةُ لَم يُدرِكْهُم. وقَد رُوِّيناه عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ مَوصولًا (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أَبيه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فى رَجُلٍ يَخلو بالمَرأَةِ فيَقولُ: لَم أمَسَّها. وتَقولُ: قَد مَسَّنِى. قال: القَولُ قَولُها (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٠٢ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: تَزَوَّجَ الحارِثُ بنُ الحَكَمِ امرأةً فَقَالَ عِندَها فرآها خَضراءَ (^٦) فطَلَّقَها ولَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٦ من طريق شريك به، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٣٩)، من طريق المنهال به. وفى سنن الدارقطنى زيادة: أو رأى عورة، بعد: سترًا.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"و\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٧٦٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٨٧٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٤٤) من طريق عوف به. ولم يذكر عبد الرزاق: العدة.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٤٥٩٨).\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٧٦٥).\n(^٦) خضراء: أى سوداء. النهاية ٢/ ٤٢.","vol":"14","page":552},{"text":"يَمَسَّها. فأَرسَلَ مَروانُ إِلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فسألَه فقالَ زَيدٌ: لَها الصداقُ كامِلًا. قال: إِنَّه مِمَّن لا يُتَّهَمُ. فقالَ: أَرأيتَ يا مَروانُ لَو كانَت حُبلَى أَكُنتَ مُقيمًا عَلَيها الحَدَّ؟ قال: لا. قال: فلا. أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه بُكَيرُ بنُ الأشَجِّ عن سُلَيمانَ، وذَكَرَ فى القِصةِ أَنَّه قال: لَم أَطأْها. وقالَتِ المَرأَةُ: قَد وطِئَنِى. ثُمَّ قال فى آخِرِها: فكَذَلِكَ تُصَدَّقُ المَرأَةُ فى (^٢) مِثلِ هَذا (^٣).\nظاهِرُ ما رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄- يَدُلُّ على أَنَّهُما جَعَلا الخَلوَةَ كالقَبضِ فى البُيوعِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ورُوىَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أَنَّه قال: ما ذَنبُهُنَّ إِن جاءَ العَجزُ مِن قِبَلِكُم؟ (^٤). وذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ على أَنَّه يَقضى بالمَهرِ وإِن لَم تَدَّعِ المَسيسَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأَمّا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ فظاهِرُ الرِّوايَةِ عنه يَدُلُّ على أنَّه لا يُوجِبُه بنَفسِ الخَلوَةِ، لَكِن يَجعَلُ القَولَ قَولَها فى الإصابَةِ. ورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ كما:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٤٢) من طريق الثورى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٨٦٦) من طريق سليمان بن يسار به مطولًا.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٧ من طريق بكير به.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"14","page":553},{"text":"١٤٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن محمدِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كَشَفَ امرأةً فنَظَرَ إِلَى عَورَتِها؛ فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ\" (^١).\nقال: وبَلَغَنا ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وأبِى بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ (^٢) ورَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأَبِى الزِّنادِ وزَيدِ بنِ أَسلَمَ.\nورَواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا: \"مَن كَشَفَ خِمارَ امرأةٍ ونَظَرَ إِلَيها، فقَد وجَبَ الصَّداقُ دَخَلَ بها أَو لَم يَدخُلْ\" (^٣). ولَم يَذكُرْ مَذهَبَ هَؤُلاءِ، وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ وبَعضُ رواتِه غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به. واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ الطّائىِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ زَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- امرأةً مِن غِفارٍ، فدَخَلَ بها فأَمَرَها فنَزَعَت ثَوبَها فرأى بها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٢١٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) فى س: \"أبى حرم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٨٩، ١٣٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٧ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"14","page":554},{"text":"بَياضًا مِن بَرَصٍ عِندَ ثَديِها، فانمازَ (^١) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"خُذِى ثَوبَكِ\". فأَصبَحَ وقالَ لَها: \"الحَقِى بأَهلِكِ\". فأَكمَلَ لَها صَداقَها (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ كَعبِ قال كَعبٌ: تَزَوَّجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- امرأةً مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ، فأُهديَت إِلَيه، فرأَى بكَشْحِها وضَحًا مِن بَياضٍ. قال: \"ضُمِّى إِلَيكِ ثيابَكِ والحَقِى بأَهلِكِ\". وأَلحَقَ لَها مَهرَها (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الوَرْكَانِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ غُصنٍ، عن جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِن غِفارٍ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيها وجَدَ بكَشْحِها بَياضًا، فقالَ: \"ضُمِّى إِلَيكِ ثيابَكِ\". ولَم يأْخُذْ مِمّا آتاها شَيئًا (^٤). هَذا مُختَلَفٌ فيه على جَميلِ بنِ زَيدٍ كما\n_________\n(^١) انماز: تباعد. النهاية ٤/ ٣٨٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣/ ٢٣٤ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٠٨ من طريق جميل بن زيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٤، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٠٦، وأحمد بن منيع - كما فى الإتحاف (٤٢١٥) من طريق جميل بن زيد به. وجاء فى شرح المشكل والاتحاف: زيد بن كعب دون ذكر عن أبيه (كعب).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٠٥ من طريق الوركانى به. وتقدم فى (١٤٣٣٨).","vol":"14","page":555},{"text":"تَرَى؛ قال البخارىُّ: لَم يَصِحَّ حَديثُه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3147>بابُ المُتعَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّه كان يقولُ: لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مُتعَةٌ إِلَّا التى تُطَلَّقُ وقَد فُرِضَ لَها الصَّداقُ ولَم تُمَسَّ فحَسبُها نِصفُ ما فُرِضَ لَها (^٣).\nورُوِّينا هَذا القَولَ مِنَ التّابِعينَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ ومُجاهِدٍ والشَّعبِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ علىٍّ البَيهَقِىُّ صاحِبُ المَدرَسَةِ بنَيسابورَ (^٥)، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ القِرْمِيسِينِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إِبراهيمَ بنِ زيادٍ الطيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى قَيسٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ميزان الاعتدال ١/ ٤٢٣، وتعجيل المنفعة (١٤٦).\n(^٢) فى س، وموطأ مالك: \"عبد\".\n(^٣) الشافعى ٧/ ٣١، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٣، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٥٧، والمصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٥٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٦١).\n(^٥) كاتب أديب من وجوه أصحاب الشافعى توفى فى شوال سنة (٤١٤ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (١٢٥٩).","vol":"14","page":556},{"text":"إِبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: كانَتِ الخَثعَميَّةُ تَحتَ الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ -﵄-، فلَمّا أَن قُتِلَ علىٌّ -﵁- بُويِعَ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ؛ دَخَلَ عَلَيها الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ فقالَت له: لِتَهْنِكَ الخِلافَةُ. فقالَ الحَسَنُ: أَظهَرتِ الشَّماتَةَ بقَتلِ علىٍّ؟! أَنتِ طالِق ثَلاثا. فتَلَفَّفَت فى ثَوبِها وقالَت: واللَّهِ ما أَرَدتُ هَذا. فمَكَثَت حَتَّى انقَضَت عِدَّتُها وتَحَوَّلَت، فبَعَثَ إِلَيها الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ ببَقيَّةٍ مِن صَداقِها وبِمُتعَةٍ عِشرينَ أَلفَ دِرهَمٍ، فلَمّا جاءَها الرَّسولُ ورأتِ المالَ؛ قالَت:\n* مَتاعٌ قَليلٌ مِن حَبيبٍ مُفارِقِ *\nفأَخبَرَ الرَّسولُ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ -﵁-، فبَكَى وقالَ: لَولا أَنِّى سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن جَدِّى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أَنَّه قال: \"مَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا لَم تَحِلَّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه\". لَراجَعتُها (^١).\nوقَد جاءَ فى مُتعَةِ المَدخولِ بها ما:\n\n١٤٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ السَّكُونِىُّ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ عَقيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- قال: لَمّا طَلَّقَ حَفصُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ امرأتَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٣/ ٢٥٠ من طريق المصنف به. والطبرانى (٢٧٥٨)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٠ من طريق محمد بن حميد به. وعند الطبرانى والدارقطنى: وبمتعة عشرة آلاف. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٢٩: عجبت من سكوت المؤلف عن هذا الخبر الساقط، وفيه الطيالسى متروك وابن حميد وليس بثقة.","vol":"14","page":557},{"text":"فاطِمَةَ فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ لِزَوجِها: \"مَتِّعْها\". قال: لا أَجِدُ ما أُمَتِّعُها. قال: \"فإِنه لا بُدَّ مِنَ المَتاعِ\". قال: \"مَتِّعْها ولَو نِصفَ صاعٍ مِن تَمرٍ\" (^١). وقِصَّتُها المَشهورَةُ فى العِدَّةِ تَدُلُّ (^٢) على أَنَّها كانَت مَدخولًا بها (^٣). واللَّهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مُتعَةٌ: ﴿وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ٢٤١].\nورُوِّينا هَذا القَولَ عن أبى العاليَةِ والحَسَنِ والزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٤٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إِلَى شُرَيحٍ تُخاصِمُ زَوجَها تَسأَلُه المُتعَةَ، وقَد كان طَلَّقَها، قال: فقَرأ شُرَيحٌ: ﴿وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة ٢/ ١٦٧، والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ٧٢ من طريق الوليد به، وفيهما: متعها ولو بصاع. ووقع فى تاريخ بغداد: شعبة عن الحجاج عن ابن عقيل. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٢٩: مصعب فيه شئ.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"دليل\".\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٥٥٧٣ - ١٥٥٧٥، ١٥٨١٠ - ١٥٨١٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٨٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٩٥، ٤١٠، ٤١١، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٦٠ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٥) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٣٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٠٨، ١٨٩٠٩)، وتفسير ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٢٩٤، ٤١١.","vol":"14","page":558},{"text":"حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾. فقالَ له: مَتِّعْها. ولَم يَقضِ لَها (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أَنَّه قال لِرَجُل فارَقَ: لا تأْبَى أَن تَكونَ مِنَ المُتَّقينَ، لا تأْبَى أَن تَكونَ مِنَ المُحسِنينَ (^٢).\nوعن إِبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ: إِن كُنتَ مِنَ المُتَّقينَ فمَتِّعْ. ولَم يُجبِرْه.\nورُوِّينا عن شُرَيحٍ أَنَّه جَبَرَه على المُتعَةِ فى المُفَوَّضَةِ قَبلَ الدُّخولِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امرأتَه عِندَ شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ له شُرَيحٌ: مَتِّعْها. فقالَتِ المَرأَةُ: إِنَّه لَيسَت لِى عَلَيه مُتعَةٌ؛ إِنَّما قال اللَّهُ: ﴿وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾. ﴿مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٦]. ولَيسَ مِن أولَئكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٦٠ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٤٢)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٧٧٩)، ومسند أبى الجعد (١٤٨٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣٠٠، وأخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٢٧، ٣٤٣، وابن أبى حاتم (٢٣٥٥).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٣٦).\n(^٤) عزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ٣/ ١١٤ للمصنف وحده. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٣٠: الحكم لا شئ.","vol":"14","page":559},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3148>جماعُ أبوابِ الوَليمَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3149>بابُ الأمرِ بالوَليمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبْدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أَنَسٍ، أَنَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ -﵁- جاءَ إِلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وبِه أَثَرُ صُفرَةٍ، فسألَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فأَخبَرَه أَنَّه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَم سُقتَ إِلَيها؟ \". قال: زِنَةَ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"أَولِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [أوجهٍ أُخَرَ] (^٢) عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ ابنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأى على عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ -﵁- أَثَرَ صُفرَةٍ، فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". قال: إِنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً على وزنِ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٢٨٢) بالإسناد الأول، والشافعى ٥/ ٥٩، ومالك ٢/ ٥٤٥، ومن طريقه النسائى (٣٣٥١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٦٠). وتقدم فى (١٤٤٧٦ - ١٤٤٧٨).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٧، م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٥٣)، ومسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٨١، ...).","vol":"14","page":560},{"text":"\"فبارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ، أَولِمْ ولَو بشاةٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادٍ كما مَضى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3150>بابٌ: المُستَحَبُّ إِن وجَدَ سَعَةً أَن يُولِمَ بشاةٍ</span>\n\n١٤٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ ويوسُفُ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَويلِ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- المَدينَةَ، فآخَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَه وبَينَ سَعدِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِىِّ، فعَرَضَ عَلَيه سَعدٌ أَن يُناصِفَه أَهلَه ومالَه، وكانَ له امرأتانِ، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: بارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فى أَهلِكَ ومالِكَ، دُلُّونِى على السّوقِ. قال: فأَتَى السّوقَ فرَبحَ شَيئًا مِن أَقِطٍ وشَيئًا مِن سَمنٍ، فرآه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَعدَ أَيّامٍ وعَلَيه وَضَرٌ مِن صُفرَةٍ (^٣)، فقالَ: \"مَهْيَمْ\". فَقالَ: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ. فقالَ: \"ما سُقتَ إِلَيها؟ \". قال: وزنَ نَواةٍ مِن ذَهَبٍ. فقالَ: \"أَولِمْ ولَو بشاة\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٣٩٥٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢٧/ ٧٩)، والبخارى (٦٣٨٦). وتقدم فى (١٤٤٧٦).\n(^٣) وضر من صفرة: لطخ من خلوف أو طيب له لون. تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين ص ١٠٦.\n(^٤) الطبرانى (٥٤٠٣)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٤١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٠٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٩٣٧، ٥٠٧٢).","vol":"14","page":561},{"text":"١٤٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وقُتَيبَةُ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ قال: ذُكِرَ تَزويجُ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ -﵂- عِندَ أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، فقالَ: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أوْلَمَ على أَحَدٍ مِن نِسائِه ما أَوْلَمَ عَلَيها، أَوْلَمَ بشاةٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إِبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: ما أَوْلَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على امرأةٍ مِن نِسائِه أَكثَرَ وأَفضَلَ مِمّا أَولَمَ على زَينَبَ، قال ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ: ما أَولَمَ؟ قال: أَطعَمَهُم خُبزًا ولَحمًا حَتَّى تَرَكوه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ وغَيرِه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3151>بابُ تأدِّى حَقِّ الوَليمَةِ بأَىِّ طَعامٍ أَطعَمَ</span>\n\n١٤٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٧٤٣). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦٠٢) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٣٣٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٠٨) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٧١)، ومسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٦٤٠٦) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١٢٧٥٩)، ومن طريقه البغوى فى الجعديات (١٤٦٥)، عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٩١).","vol":"14","page":562},{"text":"ابنِ علىِّ بنِ يَعقوبَ الإيَادِىُّ المالِكِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ النَّصِيْبِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنِى حُمَيدٌ أَنَّه سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- قال (^١): أَقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ خَيبَرَ والمَدينَةِ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ يُبنَى عَلَيه بصَفيَّةَ، فدَعَوتُ المُسلِمينَ إِلَى وليمَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ما كان فيها خُبزٌ ولا لَحمٌ، وما كان إِلَّا أَن أَمَرَ بالأنطاعِ فبُسِطَت وأُلقِىَ عَلَيها التَّمرُ والأقِطُ والسَّمنُ، فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: إِحدَى أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ هِىَ أَو ما مَلَكَت يَمينُه؟! قالوا: إِن حَجَبَها فهِىَ إِحدَى أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ، وإِن لَم يَحجُبْها فهِىَ مِمّا مَلَكَت يَمينُه، فلَمّا ارتَحَلَ وطّأ لَها خَلفَه، ومَدَّ الحِجابَ بَينَها وبَينَ النّاسِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ عن أَنَسٍ كَذَلِكَ فى التَّمرِ والأقِطِ والسَّمنِ، وقالَ: فحاسُوا حَيْسًا (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ فى رِوايَةِ حَمّادٍ عن ثابِتٍ عن أَنَسٍ (^٥)، وفِى رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ عن ثابِتٍ عن أَنَسٍ: السَّويقُ. بَدَلَ: الأَقِطُ (^٦).\n\n١٤٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يقول\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٩ من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٢١٣).\n(^٤) الحيس: خلط الأقط بالتمر والسمن. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٨.\nوالحديث عند البخارى (٣٧١)، ومسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٤). وسيأتى فى (١٤٦١٩).\n(^٥) تقدمت فى (١٣٤٨٨). وستأتى فى (١٤٦٢١).\n(^٦) ستأتى فى (١٤٦٢٠).","vol":"14","page":563},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أَتَى خَيبَرَ، فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ فى شأنِ صَفيَّةَ بنتِ حُيَىٍّ -﵄- قال: حَتَّى إِذا كان بالطَّريقِ جَهَّزَتها له أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ فأَهدَتها له مِنَ اللَّيلِ، فأَصبَحَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عَروسًا، فقالَ: \"مَن كان عِندَه شَئٌ فليَجِئْ به\". قال: وبَسَطَ نِطَعًا فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بالأَقِطِ، وجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بالتَمرِ، وجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بالسَّمنِ، فحاسُوا حَيْسًا، فكانَت وليمَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن يَعقوبَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرٍ كِلاهُما عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ وأبو الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، واللَّفظُ لِحَديثِه هَذا، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِى ابنَ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: صارَت صَفيَّةُ لِدِحيَةَ الكَلبِىِّ فى مَقسَمِه، فجَعَلوا يَمدَحونَها عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: قَد رأينا السَّبىَ، ما (^٣) رأينا امرأةً ضَرْبَها (^٤). فبَعَثَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فأَعطَى بها دِحيَةَ (^٥) ما رَضِىَ، ودَفَعَها إِلَى أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ فقالَ: \"أَصلِحيها\". فخَرَجَ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١١٩٩٢). وأخرجه النسانى (٣٣٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧١)، ومسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٤). وتقدم فى الحديث السابق.\n(^٣) فى م: \"فما\".\n(^٤) الضرب: المثل والشبه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٢.\n(^٥) بعده فى س، ص ٧، م: \"الكلبى\".","vol":"14","page":564},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن خَيبَرَ فجَعَلَها فى ظَهرِه، قال: ثُمَّ ضرَبَ القُبَّةَ عَلَيها. ثُمَّ أَصبَحَ فقالَ: \"مَن كان عِندَه فضلُ زادٍ فلْيأْتِنا به\". قال: فجعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بفَضلِ التَّمرِ وفَضلِ السَّويقِ وفَضلِ السَّمنِ حَتَّى جَعَلوا سَوادَ حَيْسٍ، فجَعَلوا يأكُلونَ ويَشرَبونَ مِن ماءِ السَّماءِ إِلَى جَنبِهِم. قال: وكانَت تِلكَ وليمَةَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- على صَفيَّةَ، وكانَ أَنَسٌ -﵁- يقولُ: لَقَد رأينا لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- وليمَةً لَيسَ فيها خُبزٌ ولا لَحمٌ. ثُمَّ يَذكُرُ هَذا الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٢١ - ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن ثابِتٍ عن أَنَسٍ قال: فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وليمَتَها التَّمرَ والأقِطَ والسَّمنَ. أَخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" مِن حَديثِ عَفّانَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا وائلُ بنُ داودَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٢٣)، وعبد بن حميد (١٢٨١)، وأبو عوانة (٤١٧٤) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وتقدم فى (١٢٨٨٥، ١٣٤٨٨). وسيأتى فى (١٨٠٣٦، ١٨٠٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٧٥) عن عفان به، وابن حبان (٢٩٩٧). وأبو داود (٧٢١٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٨٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٧).","vol":"14","page":565},{"text":"عن ابنِه بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أَوْلَمَ على صَفيَّةَ بسَويقٍ وتَمرٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أَوْلَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على بَعضِ نِسائِه بمُدَّينِ مِن شَعيرٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن سُفيانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ عائشةَ -﵂- فى إِسنادِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3152>بابُ وقتِ الوَليمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو غَسَّانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا بَيانٌ قال: سَمِعتُ أَنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: بَنَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بامرأةٍ، فأَرسَلَنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٣٦)، وأبو داود (٣٧٤٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٠٦١، ٤٠٦٤) من طريق حامد بن يحيى به، والترمذى (١٠٩٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦٠١)، وابن ماجه (١٩٠٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وفيه: عن أبيه. بدلًا من: عن ابنه بكر بن وائل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٢١) عن أبى أحمد الزبيرى به، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٧٢).","vol":"14","page":566},{"text":"فدَعَوتُ رِجالًا إِلَى الطعامِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ أبى غَسّانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3153>بابُ أَيّامِ الوَليمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ أَعوَرَ مِن ثَقيفٍ -كان يُقالُ له مَعروفًا، أَى يُثنَى عَلَيه خَيرًا، إِن لَم يَكُنِ اسمُه زُهَيرَ بنَ عثمانَ فلا أَدرِى ما اسمُه- أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَليمَةُ أَوَّلَ يَومٍ حَقٌّ، والثّانِىَ مَعروفٌ، واليَومَ الثّالِثَ سُمعَةٌ ورياءٌ\". قال قَتادَةُ: وحَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ أَنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ دُعِىَ أَوَّلَ يَومٍ فأَجابَ، والثّانِىَ فأَجابَ، ودُعِىَ اليَومَ الثّالِثَ فلَم يُجِبْ. وقالَ: أَهلُ سُمعَةٍ ورياءٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: دُعِىَ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ أَوَّلَ يَومٍ فأَجابَ، ودُعِىَ اليَومَ الثّانِىَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٠٢)، من طريق زهير به. والترمذى (٣٢١٩) والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٤١٧) من طريق بيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٧٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٤٥). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٥٩٦) عن محمد بن المثنى به، دون ذكر قول قتادة. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٢٤، ٢٠٣٢٥، ٢٣١٥٢) من طريق همام به، دون ذكر قول قتادة. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٩٩).","vol":"14","page":567},{"text":"فأَجابَ، ودُعِىَ اليَومَ الثّالِثَ فحَصَبَهُم بالبَطحاءِ، وقالَ: اذهَبوا أَهلَ رياءٍ وسُمعَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٢٧ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إِملاءً، حدثنا جَدِّى أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبدوسِ بنِ كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحَرَشِىُّ قالا: حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَكّائِىُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"طَعامُ أَوَّلِ يَومٍ حَقٍّ والثّانِى مِثلُه\". وفِى رِوايَةِ السُّلَمِىِّ: \"طَعامُ يَومٍ حَقٌّ، وطَعامُ يَومَينِ سُنَّةٌ، وطَعامُ اليَومِ الثّالِثِ سُمعَةٌ ورياءٌ، ومَن يُسَمِّعْ يُسَمِّعِ اللَّهُ به\" (^٢). ولَم يَذكُرِ السُّلَمِىُّ قَولَه: رياءٌ.\n\n١٤٦٢٨ - ورَواه بكرُ بنُ خُنَيسٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن أَنَسٍ -﵁-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ سلمةَ -﵂- أَمَرَ بالنِّطَعِ فبُسِطَ ثُمَّ أَلَقَى عَلَيه تَمرًا وسَويقًا، فدَعا النّاسَ فأَكَلوا وقالَ: \"الوَليمَةُ فى أَوَّلِ يَومٍ حَقٌّ، والثّانِى مَعروفٌ، والثّالِثِ رياءٌ وسُمعَةٌ\". أَخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ حَنانٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ خُنَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). ولَيسَ هَذا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦١).\n(^٢) ابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٤٩، ١٠٥٠. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٠٩٧) عن محمد بن موسى به. والطبرانى (١٠٢٣٢) من طريق زياد البكائى به.\n(^٣) ابن عدى ٢/ ٤٥٨.","vol":"14","page":568},{"text":"بقَوِىٍّ. بكرُ بنُ خُنَيسٍ تَكَلَّموا فيه (^١)، وحَديثُ البَكّائىِّ أَيضًا غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ، ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إِبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىِّ فى حَديثِ زُهَيرِ بنِ عثمانَ قال: لَم يَصِحَّ إِسنادُه، ولا نَعْرِفُ (^٣) له صُحبَةٌ (^٤).\nوقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ وغَيرُه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إِذا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكم إِلَى الوَليمَةِ فليُجِبْ\" (^٥). ولَم يَخُصَّ ثَلاثَةَ أَيّامٍ ولا غَيرَها، وهَذا أَصَحُّ، وذَكَرَ حِكايَةَ ابنِ سيرينَ:\n\n١٤٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أَيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى حَفصَةُ أَنَّ سيرينَ عَرَّسَ بالمَدينَةِ فأَولَمَ، فدَعا النّاسَ سَبعًا، وكانَ فيمَن دَعا أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ فجاءَ وهو صائمٌ فدَعا\n_________\n(^١) هو بكر بن خنيس الكوفى العابد نزيل بغداد. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٣٨٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٤٥٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٤٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٠٨. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٠٥: صدوق له أغلاط.\n(^٢) ينظر سنن ابن ماجه (١٩١٥)، وسنن الدارمى (٢١١٠)، والمعجم الأوسط للطبرانى (٢١١٦، ٧٣٩٣).\n(^٣) فى س، م، والتاريخ الكبير: \"يعرف\". وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"فى أصل المؤلف: ولا يعرف\".\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢٥.\n(^٥) سيأتى فى (١٤٦٣١ - ١٤٦٣٣).","vol":"14","page":569},{"text":"لَهُم بخَيرٍ وانصرَفَ (^١). وكَذا قالَه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أَيّوبَ: سَبعًا. إِلَّا أَنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ حَفصَةَ فى إِسنادِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٣٠ - وقالَ مَعمَرٌ عن أيّوبَ: ثَمانيَةَ أَيّامٍ. والأوَّلُ أَصَحُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أَيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: تَزَوَّجَ أبى فدَعا النّاسَ ثَمانيَةَ أَيّامٍ، فدَعا أُبِىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ فيمَن دَعا، فجاءَ يَومَئذٍ وهو صائمٌ فصلَّى. يقولُ: فدَعا بالبَرَكَةِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3154>بابٌ: إِتيانُ دَعوَةِ الوَليمَةِ حَقٌّ</span>\n\n١٤٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ علىِّ بنِ إِبراهيمَ بن مُعاويَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ إِملاءً، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أَنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إِذا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُم إِلَى الوَليمَةِ فلْيأْتِها\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٧. وفيه: حدثنى حفص.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٧.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦٥).\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٥٤٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٧٣٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦٠٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٩٤).","vol":"14","page":570},{"text":"مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٤٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ الأخرَمِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِذا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُم إِلَى وليمَةِ عُرسٍ فليُجِبْ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إِبراهيمَ الحِيرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الشّاماتِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إِذا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُم إِلَى الوَليمَةِ فليُجِبْ\". قال خالِدٌ: فإِذا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ يُنَزِّلُه على العُرْسِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٦).\n\n١٤٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ إِملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥١٧٣)، ومسلم (١٤٢٩/ ٩٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٩١٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نمير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ٩٨).\n(^٤) فى س: \"الشامانى\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه البزار (٥٦٨٢) عن محمد بن المثنى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ٩٧).","vol":"14","page":571},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ على بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أَنَّه كان يقولُ: شَرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الوَليمَةِ، يُدعَى له (^١) الأغنياءُ ويُترَكُ المَساكينُ، ومَن لَم يأتِ الدَّعوَةَ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ: بئسَ الطعامُ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قُلتُ لِلزُّهرِىِّ: يا أبا بكرٍ، كَيفَ حَدَّثتَ: شَرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الأغنياءِ؟ فضَحِكَ وقالَ: لَيس هو، شَرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الأغنياءِ. قال سفيانُ: وكانَ أبى غَنيًّا فأَفزَعَنِى هَذا الحَديثُ حينَ سَمِعتُ به، فسأَلتُ الزُّهرِىَّ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى الأعرَجُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"شرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الوَليمَةِ، يُدعَى إِلَيها (^٤) الأغنياءُ ويُمنَعُها المَساكينُ، ومَن لَم يُجِبِ الدَّعوَةَ فقَد عَصى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^٥). وكانَ سفيانُ رُبَّما رَفَعَ هَذا الحديثَ، ورُبَّما لَم يَرفَعْه\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"إليها\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٥٤٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٧٤٢)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٨/ ١٧، وأبو عوانة (٤٢٠٣)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٦/ ١٥٧٣.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥١٧٧)، ومسلم (١٤٣٢/ ١٠٧).\n(^٤) فى م: \"لها\".\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٧، ٧٣٨، وعنده: \"الوليمة\" بدل \"الأغنياء\"، والحميدى (١١٧١). =","vol":"14","page":572},{"text":"[إِلَّا فى آخِرِهِ\"] (^١).\n\n١٤٦٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قُلتُ لِلزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه وذَكَرَ الحديثَ مَوقوفًا على أبى هريرةَ وقالَ: يُدعَى (^٢) له الأغنياءُ ويُترَكُ (^٣) الفُقَراءُ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: شَرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الوَليمَةِ، يُدعَى الغِنَىُّ ويُترَكُ المِسكينُ، وهِىَ حَقٌّ، ومَن تَرَكَها فقَد عَصَى اللَهَ ورسولَه. وكانَ مَعمَرٌ رُبَّما قال: ومَن لَم يُجِبْ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٧).\n_________\n= وأخرجه مسلم (١٤٣٢/ ١٠٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) ليس فى: م، وفى س: \"إلى فى آخره\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"تدعى\".\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"وتترك\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٧٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦١٣)، وابن ماجه (١٩١٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٣٢/ ١٠٨).\n(^٦) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٥٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٢٤)، وابن حبان (٥٣٠٤).\n(^٧) مسلم (١٤٣٢/ ١٠٩).","vol":"14","page":573},{"text":"وكَذلِكَ رَواه أبو الزِّنادَ عن الأعرَجِ مَوقوفًا على أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^١).\n\n١٤٦٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الفامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إِبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المالِكِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ إِملاءً، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا الأعرَجَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى هريرةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"شَرُّ الطَّعامِ طَعامُ الوَليمَةِ، يُمنَعُها مَن يأْتِيها، ويُدعَى إِلَيها مَن يأْباها، ومَن لَم يُجِبِ الدَّعوَةَ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيحِ\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٣). والأعرَجُ هَذا ثابِتُ بنُ عِياضٍ الأعرَجُ، والأوَّلُ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ هُرمُزَ الأعرَجُ.\n\nتَمَّ بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الرابعَ عشرَ ويتلوه الجزءُ الخامسَ عشرَ وأولُه: بابُ إتيانِ كلِّ دعوةٍ؛ عُرسًا كان أو نَحوَه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مسلم عقب (١٤٣٢/ ١٠٩)، ومستخرج أبى نعيم (٣٣٥١).\n(^٢) الحميدى (١١٧٠)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٤٢٠٧)، وأبو نعيم فى مستخرجه (٣٣٥٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٣٢/ ١١٠).","vol":"14","page":574},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3155>بابُ إتيانِ كُلِّ دَعوَةٍ عُرسًا (^١) كان أو نَحوَه</span>\n\n١٤٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دَعا أحَدُكُم أخاهُ فلْيُجِبْ؛ عُرسًا كان أو نَحوَه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعِ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الزُّبَيدِىِّ عن نافِعٍ بمَعناه (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دُعِىَ أحَدُكُم إلَى عُرسٍ أو نَحوِه فلْيُجِبْ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عيسَى بنِ المُنذِرِ عن بَقيَّةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س: \"عرس\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٥١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٣٧)، وأبو داود (٣٧٣٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ١٠٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ١٠١). وسيأتى عقب الحديث التالى.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٣٩) عن ابن المصفى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ١٠١).","vol":"15","page":5},{"text":"١٤٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍ والرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أجيبوا هذه الدَّعوَةَ إذا دُعيتُم لَها\". قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يأتِى الدَّعوَةَ فى العُرسِ وغَيرِ العُرسِ، يأتيها وهو صائمٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن حَجَّاجٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن الحَجّاجِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دُعيتُم إلَى كُراعٍ (^٣) فأجيبوا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ البَراءِ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى الأمرِ بإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢١٢٧) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥١٧٩)، ومسلم (١٤٢٩/ ١٠٣).\n(^٣) الكراع: ما دون الكعب من الدواب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٢٩٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٢٩/ ١٠٤).","vol":"15","page":6},{"text":"وحَديثُ أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى إجابَةِ الدَّعوَةِ فيما يَجِبُ لِلمُسلِمِ على أخيهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ قال: قال البَراءُ -﵁-: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، وإِبرارِ القَسَمِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإِفشاءِ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى، ونَهانا عن خَواتيمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعن آنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ، وعن المَياثِرِ، والقَسِّيَّةِ، والإستَبرَقِ، والدّيباجِ، والحَريرِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن [أبى الرَّبيعِ] (^٣) عن أبى الأحوَصِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن أشعَثَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهْرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَمسٌ\n_________\n(^١) تقدما فى (٥٩١٢، ٥٩١٣، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٩٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤٠) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وتقدم فى (٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١).\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، والذى فى البخارى: الحسن بن الربيع. وكنيته أبو على. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ١٤٧.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥١٧٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦).","vol":"15","page":7},{"text":"تَجِبُ لِلمُسلِمِ على أخيه؛ رَدُّ السَّلامِ، وتَشميتُ العاطِسِ، وِإجابَةُ الدَّعوَةِ إذا دَعاه، وعيادَةُ المَريضِ، واتباعُ الجَنائزِ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا فيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣). وقَد كان مَعمَر يُرسِلُ هَذا الحديثَ كَثيرًا فإِذا سُئلَ عنه أسنَدَه، وقد اسنَدَه الأوزاعِىُّ (^٤) ويونُسُ بن يَزيد (^٥) وعُقَيلٌ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3156>بابُ المَدعُوِّ يُجيبُ، صائمًا كان أو مُفطِرًا، وما يَفعَلُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما</span>\n\n١٤٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ القَطّانُ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ الأخرَمِ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٧٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٥٩١٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٤).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٦٦٩٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٤) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٦) ذكره البخارى عقب (١٢٤٠)، والدارقطنى فى العلل ٧/ ٣٠٢. وينظر فتح البارى ٣/ ١١٣.","vol":"15","page":8},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دُعِىَ أحَدُكُم إلَى طَعامٍ فلْيُجِبْ؛ فإِن كان مُفطِرًا فَليَطعَمْ، وإِن كان صائمًا فَلْيُصَلِّ\". يَعنى الدُّعاءَ (^١). هذِه رِوايَةُ رَوحٍ. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. بمَعناه. يَعنِى بمعنَى حَديثِ مالكٍ عن نافِعٍ فى الوَليمَةِ (^٣)، زادَ: \"فإِن كان مُفطِرًا فَلْيَطعَمْ، وإِن كان صائمًا فَلْيَدعُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٤٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان إذا دُعِىَ إلَى وليمَةِ عُرسٍ أجابَ، صائمًا كان أو مُفطِرًا؛ فإِن كان صائمًا دَعا وبَرَّكَ، وإِن كان مُفطِرًا أكَلَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٨٧)، وفى الآداب (٣٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٤٩)، وأبو داود (٢٤٦٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٣٢٧٠)، وابن حبان (٥٣٠٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣١/ ١٠٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٤٦٣١).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٤٩) عن حماد بن أسامة أبى أسامة به دون الزيادة.\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٦٤١).","vol":"15","page":9},{"text":"١٤٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى يَزيدَ يقولُ: دَعا أبى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، فأَتاه فجَلَسَ، ووُضِعَ الطَّعامُ فمَدَّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَدَه وقالَ: خُذوا باسمِ اللَّهِ. وقَبَضَ عبدُ اللَّهِ يَدَه وقالَ: إنِّى صائمٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ أباه دَعا نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَتاه، فيهِم أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ -﵁-، وأحسِبُه قال: فبارَكَ وانصَرَفَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّينا فيما تَقَدَّمَ أنَّه كان صائمًا فصلَّى، يقولُ: فدَعا بالبَرَكَةِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3157>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ الفِطرَ إن كان صومُه غَيَر واجِبٍ</span>\n\n١٤٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حُمَيدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ الزُّرَقِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: صنَعَ رَجُلٌ طَعامًا ودَعا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَصحابَه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إنِّى صائمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٣٨)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٣٧)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٨١.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٤٦٣٠).","vol":"15","page":10},{"text":"\"أخوكَ صَنَعَ طَعامًا ودَعاكَ، أَفْطِرْ واقْضِ يَومًا مَكانَه\" (^١).\nورَواه ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ عن ابنِ أبى حُمَيدٍ وزادَ فيه: \"إن أحبَبتَ\". يَعنِى القَضاءَ (^٢). وابنُ أبى حُمَيدٍ يُقالُ له: محمدٌ. ويُقالُ: حَمّادٌ. وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه بمَعناه عن أبى أُوَيسٍ المَدَنِىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن أبى سعيدٍ أنَّه صَنَعَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- طَعامًا. قَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الصّيامِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا ضَمْرَةُ، عن بلالِ بنِ كَعبٍ العَكِّىِّ قال: زُرنا يَحيَى بنَ حَسّانَ البَكرِىَّ مِن عَسقَلانَ إلَى سَناجِيَةَ (^٥) أنا وابنُ قُرَيْرٍ وابنُ أدهَمَ وموسَى بنُ يَسارٍ، فأَتانا بطَعامٍ، فأَمسَكَ موسَى يَدَه، فقالَ له يَحيَى: كُلْ؛ فقَد أَمَّنا رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى هَذا المَسجِدِ عِشرينَ سنةً يُكنَى بأَبِى قِرْصافَةَ، فكانَ يَصومُ يَومًا ويُفطِرُ يَومًا، فوُلِدَ لى غُلامٌ فأَولَمتُ عَلَيه، فدَعَوتُه فى اليَومِ الَّذِى كان يَصومُ فيه فأَفطَرَ. قال: فمَدَّ موسَى يَدَه فأَكَلَ، وقامَ ابنُ أدهَمَ إلَى المَسجِدِ يَكنُسُه برِدائِه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٣١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٥/ ٤ من طريق ابن أبى فديك به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٧٨٣٣).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٨٤٣٦)\n(^٥) سناجية: بتخفيف الياء، قرية بقرب عسقلان. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ١٥٤.\n(^٦) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٠٣٥) عن أبى عمير به، وعنده: قرين. مكان: قرير. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٥٣) من طريق ضمرة به.","vol":"15","page":11},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3158>بابُ مَن خَيَّرَ المُفطِرَ بَينَ الأكلِ والتَّركِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دُعِىَ أحَدُكُم فَلْيُجِبْ، فإِن شاءَ طَعِمَ، وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3159>بابُ مَنِ استَعفَى فإِن لَم يُعفَ أجابَ</span>\n\n١٤٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: دُعِىَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- إلَى طَعامٍ وهو يُعالِجُ أمرَ السِّقايَةِ، فقالَ لِلقَومِ: قوموا إلَى أخيكُم -أو: أجيبوا أخاكُم- فاقرَءُوا ﵇ وأَخبِروه أنِّى مَشغولٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، قال الشّافِعِىُّ: لا أدرِى عن عَطاءٍ أو غَيرِه. قال: جاءَ رسولُ ابنِ صَفوانَ إلَى ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٢١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٧٤٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦١٠) من طريق سفيان به. وابن ماجه (١٧٥١)، وابن حبان (٥٣٠٣) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦٤)، وزاد فى الإسناد عمرو بن دينار بين أيوب وعطاء.","vol":"15","page":12},{"text":"عباسٍ وهو يُعالِجُ زَمزَمَ يَدعُوه وأَصحابَه، فأَمَرَهُم فقامُوا، واستَعفاه وقالَ: إن لَم يُعفِنِى جِئتُه (^١).\n\n١٤٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- دَعا (^٢) يَومًا إلَى طَعامٍ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: أمّا أنا فأَعفِنِى مِن هَذا. فقالَ له ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: لا عافيَةَ لَكَ مِن هَذا فَقُمْ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3160>بابُ مَن لَم يُدعَ ثُمَّ جاءَ فأَكَلَ لَم يَحِلَّ له ما أكَلَ إلَّا بأَن يُحِلَّ له صاحِبُ الوَليمَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو -﵁-، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو شُعَيبٍ. أبصرَ فى وجهِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الجوعَ وكانَ له غُلامٌ لَحّامٌ (^٤) فقالَ: اصنَعْ طَعامًا لَعَلِّى أدعُو رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خامِسَ خَمسَةٍ. فدَعاه فتَبِعَهُم رَجُلٌ لَم يُدْعَ، فقالَ له\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٣٩)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"دعى\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"فقام\".\nوالأثر عند عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٦٣)، ومن طريقه ابن حزم فى المحلى ١١/ ٢٢.\n(^٤) اللحام: هو بياع اللحم. ينظر عمدة القارى ٢١/ ٦٣، ٦٤.","vol":"15","page":13},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ هَذا قَد تَبِعَنا، فتأذَنُ لهُ\". قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه البُخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ واقِدٍ الحَرّانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، قالا: حدثنا زُهَيرٌ أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: كان لأبِى شُعَيبِ غُلامٌ لَحّامٌ، فلَمّا رأى ما برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَصحابِه مِنَ الجَهدِ أمَرَ غُلامَه أن يأتِيَه بلَحْمٍ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنِ ائْتِنا خامِسَ خَمسَةٍ، فجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ خَمسَةٍ ومَعَهُم (^٤) سادِسٌ، فلَمّا انتَهَوا إلَى أبى شُعَيبٍ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّك أرسَلتَ إلَى خَمسَةٍ مِنّا، وإِنَّ هَذا تَبِعَنا؛ فإِن أذِنتَ له دَخَلَ وإِلَّا رَجَعَ\". قال: قَد أذِنتُ له يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فليَدخُلْ (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ النُّفَيلِىِّ.\n\n١٤٦٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٥)، والترمذى (١٠٩٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦١٤) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٥٣٠٠) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٥٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٨١، ٥٤٣٤، ٥٤٦١)، ومسلم (٢٠٣٦).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وتبعهم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٦٧) عن أحمد بن عبد الملك به.","vol":"15","page":14},{"text":"جَعفَرٌ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ النَّفّاحِ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ البحرانِىُّ، حدثنا دُرُسْتُ بنُ زيادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ [عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الدّارَكِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ] (^٣) بنُ محمدٍ الدّارَكِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا دُرُسْتُ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ طارِقٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن دَخَلَ على غَيرِ دَعوَةٍ دَخَلَ مُغِيرًا وخَرَجَ سارِقًا\". زادَ البحرانِىُّ فى أوَّلِه: \"الوَليمَةُ حَقٌّ، مَن دُعِىَ فلَم يُجِبْ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الباقِىَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٦٨) عن أحمد بن عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٣٦) عقب (١٣٨) بالإسنادين المتقدمين جميعًا.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣٨١. وأخرجه البزار (٥٨٨٩) من طريق درست بنحوه. وتقدم فى (١٣٥٤٢).","vol":"15","page":15},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ خالِدٍ أبو زَكَرِيا (^١)، عن رَوْحِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن دَخَلَ على قَومٍ لِطَعامٍ لَم يُدْعَ إلَيه فأَكَلَ، دَخَلَ فاسِقًا وأَكَلَ ما لَا يَحِلُّ له\" (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن بَقيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ خالِدٍ، عن رَوحٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى هريرة (^٣). وهو بإِسنادَيهِما لم يَروِه عن رَوحِ بنِ القاسِمِ غيرُ يَحيَى بنِ خالِدٍ، وهو مَجهولٌ (^٤) مِن شُيوخِ بَقيَّةَ، ولِبَقيَّةَ فيه إسنادٌ آخَرُ مَجهولٌ، وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- كِفايَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3161>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يُدعَى إلَى الوَليمَةِ وفيها المَعصيَةُ نَهاهُم، فإن نَحَّوْا ذَلِكَ عنه وإِلَّا لَم يُجِبْ</span>\n\n١٤٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أبيه فى قِصّةِ البِدايَةِ بالخُطبَةِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن رأى أمرًا مُنكَرًا فليغَيِّره بيَدِه، فإِن لَم\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"زكرى\". وكتب فوقها \"ص: بخطه\". وفى الحاشية كالمثبت وكتب: \"خ ر\". وزكرى بتشديد الياء وتخفيفها لغتان فى زكريا. ينظر التاج ١١/ ٤٣٧ (ز ك ر).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدولابى فى الكنى (١٠٠٣)، والبزار (١٢٤٤ - كشف) عن أحمد بن الفرج به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٢٧٠)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٠٤ من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) ينظر ذخيرة الحفاظ لابن طاهر (٥٢٩٠)، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٥١. وأخرجه الطيالسى (٢٤٥٢) من طريق سعيد المقبرى عن أبى هريرة، وزاد فيه طرفًا آخر.\n(^٤) هو يحيى بن خالد بن نجيح أبو زكريا المصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٤٠، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٣٤.","vol":"15","page":16},{"text":"يَستَطِعْ فبِلِسانِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ فبِقَلبِه، وذَلِكَ أضعَفُ الإيمانِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ السّائبِ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ القاسِمَ بنَ أبى القاسِمِ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ قاصَّ الأجنادِ بالقُسطَنطينيَّةِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يَقعُدْ على مائدَة يُدارُ عَلَيها الخَمرُ، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يَدخُلِ الحَمّامَ إلَّا بإِزارٍ، ومَن كانَت تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا تَدخُلِ الحَمّامَ\" (^٣).\nورُوِىَ هَذا مِن أوجُهٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن مَطعَمَينِ؛ الجُلوسِ على مائدَةٍ يُشرَبُ عَلَيها الخَمرُ، وأَن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٦٢٧١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩/ ٧٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٧٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٥١)، والنسائى (٣٩٩) من طريق أبى الزبير عن جابر. والترمذى (٢٨٠١) من طريق طاوس عن جابر، وقال: حسن غريب.","vol":"15","page":17},{"text":"يأكُلَ الرّجُلُ وهو مُنبَطِحٌ على بَطنِهِ (^١).\nقال أصحابُنا: فإِن أجابَ ولَم يَعلَمْ قَعَدَ (^٢) ولَم يُساعِدِ القَومَ فى المَعصيَةِ ولَم يَستَمِعْ إلَى مَلاهيها ثم (^٣) يَخرُجُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الإيَادِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ يوسُفَ المُطَّوِّعِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، أخبرَنِى أشعَثُ بنُ أبى الشَّعْثاءِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ أخِى عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: إذا عُمِلَ بالخَطيئةِ فى الأرضِ كان مَن شَهِدَها فكَرِهَها كَمَن غابَ عَنها، ومَن غابَ عَنها فرَضيها كان كَمَن شَهِدَها (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٦٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمْرُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاق الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سَعدٍ مَولَى علىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ أو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يقولُ: إذا عُمِلَت فى النّاسِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٩١)، وفى الشعب (٥٩٩٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٧٠) من طريق كثير بن هشام به. وهو عند ابن ماجه بطرفه الأخير.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: وقعد\".\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: لم\".\n(^٤) ينظر الحاوى للماوردى ٩/ ٥٦٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب فى تالى التلخيص (٢٩٧) من طريق أحمد بن سلمان به.","vol":"15","page":18},{"text":"الخَطيئةُ فمَن رَضيَها مِمَّن غابَ عَنها فهو كَمَن شَهِدَها، ومَن كَرِهَها مِمَّن شَهِدَها فهو كَمَن غابَ عَنها (^١).\nورُوِىَ هَذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٤٦٦٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ العَلَّافُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ أوِ ابنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن ابنِ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَضَرَ مَعصيَةً فكَرِهَها فكأنَّما غابَ عَنها، ومَن غابَ عَنها فأَحَبَّها فكأنَّه حَضَرَها\" (^٢). وفِى رِوايَةِ الدّارِمِىِّ: يَحيَى بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ. تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الأشيب فى جزئه (٢٧) من طريق شيبان به. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٢٨ من طريق أشعث به، وعندهما: عبد الرحمن بن عمير.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى الأمر بالمعروف (١١٢)، وابن حبان فى الثقات ٧/ ٦١٠، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٨٦ من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به. وعندهم: يحيى بن أبى سليمان من غير شك.\n(^٣) هو يحيى بن أبى سليمان المدنى، أبو صالح. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٥٤، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٩٧، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٣٧، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣٤٩: لين الحديث.","vol":"15","page":19},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3162>بابُ المَدعوِّ يَرَى فى المَوضِعِ الّذِى يُدعَى فيه صُوَرًا مَنصوبَةً ذاتَ أرواحٍ فلا يَدخُلُ</span>\n\n١٤٦٦٨ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أخبَرَته أنَّها اشتَرَت نُمرُقَةً فيها تَصاويرُ، فلَمّا رآها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قامَ على البابِ فلَم يَدخُلْ، فعَرَفْتُ فى وجهِه الكَراهيَةَ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أتوبُ إلَى اللَّهِ وإِلَى رسولِه، ماذا أذنَبتُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما بالُ هذه النُّمرُقَةِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: اشتَرَيتُها لَكَ لِتَقعُدَ عَلَيها وتَوَسَّدَها. فقالَ: \"إنَّ أصحابَ هذه الصُّوَرِ يَومَ القيامَةِ يُعَذَّبونَ، يُقالُ لَهُم: أَحْيُوا ما خَلَقتُم\". وقالَ: \"إنَّ البَيتَ الَّذِى فيه الصُّوَرُ لا تَدخُلُه المَلائكَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٦٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عنِ ابنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n[قال أحمد] (^٣): هَكَذا رَواه مالك، وبِمَعناه رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٦٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٠٩٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٤٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢١٠٥، ٥١٨١)، ومسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) ليس فى: الأصل، س، م. والمثبت من حاشية الأصل وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\".","vol":"15","page":20},{"text":"نافِعٍ، ورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ وقالَ: فإِذا سِترٌ فيه الصُّوَرُ (^١). وقالَ فيه: فأَخَذْتُه فجَعَلْتُه مِرفَقَتَينِ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه الجَماعَةُ:\n\n١٤٦٧٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعْفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقَدِ استَتَرتُ بقِرامٍ (^٣) فيه تَماثيلُ، فلَمّا رآه تَلَوَّنَ وجهُه وهَتَكَه بيَدِه وقالَ: \"أشَدُّ النّاسِ يَومَ القيامَةِ عَذابًا الَّذينَ يُشَبِّهونَ بخَلقِ اللَّهِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁-، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَته، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ عَلَيها وهِىَ مُستَتِرَةٌ بقِرامٍ فيه صورَةُ تَماثيلَ، فتَلَوَّنَ وجهُه ثُمَّ أهوَى إلَى القِرامِ فهَتَكَه بيَدِه\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالأصل وكتب فى الحاشية: \"صور: بخطه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (٢١٠٧) عقب (٩٦) من الطريقين جميعًا.\n(^٣) القِرام: السِّتر الرقيق. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (٧٩٠)، وفى الشعب (٦٣١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٨١)، والنسائى (٥٣٧١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩٢).","vol":"15","page":21},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ مِن أشَدِّ النَّاسِ عَذابًا يَومَ القيامَةِ الَّذينَ يُشَبِّهونَ بخَلقِ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٤٦٧٢ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- بمِثلِه، ولَم يَذكُرا \"بيَدِه\" ولا \"تَماثيلَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَسَرَةَ بنِ صَفوانَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبى مُزاحِمٍ عن إبراهيمَ، وعن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاق قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حدَثَنا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ مِثلَ حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ سَواءً (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٤٨٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٦٣١)، وابن حبان (٥٨٤٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعى فى الغيلانيات (٥٨٠، ٥٨١) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦١٠٩)، ومسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٨) من طريق ابن وهب بنحوه.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٠٧) عقب (٩١).","vol":"15","page":22},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن سَفَرٍ فعَلَّقتُ على بابِى قِرامَ سِترٍ فيه الخَيلُ ذَواتُ الأجنِحَةِ. قالَ: فلَمّا رآه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"انزِعيه\" (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُمْهانَ، عن سَفينَةَ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا ضافَ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- فصَنَعَ له طَعامًا، فقالَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂-: لَو دَعَونا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَكَلَ معنا؟ فدَعَوه فجاءَ، فوَضَعَ يَدَه على عِضادَتَى (^٣) البابِ، فرأى القِرامَ قَد ضُرِبَ مِن ناحيَةِ البَيتِ فرَجَعَ، فقالَت فاطِمَةُ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵄-: الحَقْه انظُرْ ما رَجَعَه. فتَبِعتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما رَدَّكَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّه لَيسَ لِى أو: لِنَبِىٍّ أن يَدخُلَ بَيتًا مُزَوَّقًا\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُمْهانَ، عن سَفينَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٢١)، والنسائى (٥٣٦٧) من طريق أبى معاوية بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٩٥٥)، ومسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) عِضادَتا الباب: الخشبتان المنصوبتان عن يمين الداخل وشماله. التاج ٨/ ٣٩٠ (ع ض د).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٦٠) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"15","page":23},{"text":"قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَنبغِى لِنَبِىٍّ أن يَدخُلَ بَيتًا مُزَوَّقًا\" (^١). كَذا قال: عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂-.\n\n١٤٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، أنَّ إسماعيلَ بنَ عبدِ الكَريمِ حَدَّثَهُم، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- زَمَنَ الفَتحِ وهو بالبَطحاءِ أن يأتِىَ الكَعبَةَ فيَمحُوَ كُلَّ صورَةٍ فيها، فلَم يَدخُلْها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- حَتَّى مُحيَت كُلُّ صورَةٍ فيها (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا طَلحَةَ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَدخُلُ المَلائكَةُ بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا صورَةُ تَماثيلَ\". لَيسَ فى رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"تَماثيلَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١٠٧٢٣) بلفظ: \"لا ينبغى لرجل\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٥٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٥٧) من طريق الحسن بن الصباح به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٩٣)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٤٨٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٣٤٦/ ٢)، والترمذى (٢٨٠٤). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧٧٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢٠٢).","vol":"15","page":24},{"text":"وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وعن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ ويونُسَ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- حينَ قَدِمَ الشّامَ صَنَعَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّصارَى طَعامًا فقالَ لِعُمَرَ: إنِّى أُحِبُّ أن تَجيئَنِى وتُكرِمَنِى أنتَ وأَصحابُكَ. وهو رَجُلٌ مِن عُظَماءِ الشّامِ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: إنّا لا نَدخُلُ كَنائسَكُم مِن أجلِ الصّوَرِ التى فيها. يَعنِى التَّماثيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطىُّ بها، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا صَنَعَ له طَعامًا فدَعاه، فقالَ: أفِى البَيتِ صورَةٌ؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَبَى أن يَدخُلَ حَتَّى كَسَرَ الصّورَةَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3163>بابُ التَّشديدِ فى المَنعِ مِنَ التَّصويرِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢١٠٦/ ٨٤،. . .)، والبخارى (٣٢٢٥)، وعقب (٥٩٤٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٩٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٥٨٤) من طريق شعبة، وفيه: عن خالد بن سعد قال: دعى أبو مسعود. وساقه بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":25},{"text":"هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الَّذينَ يَصنَعونَ هذه الصُّوَرَ (^١) يُعَذَّبونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، يُقالُ لَهُم: أحْيُوا ما خَلَقتُم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ صُبَيحٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ مَسروقٍ فى دارِ يَسارِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، فرأى مَسروقٌ فى صُفَّتِه تَماثيلَ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ أشَدَّ النّاسِ [عِندَ اللَّهِ] (^٤) عَذابًا يَومَ القيامَةِ المُصَوِّرونَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىُّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n\n١٤٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الصورة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٠٧) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. والنسائى (٥٣٧٦) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٠٨/ ٩٧)، والبخارى (٥٩٥١).\n(^٤) ليس فى: س.\n(^٥) الحميدى (١١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٥٠)، والنسائى (٥٣٧٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٩٥٠)، ومسلم (٢١٠٩) عقب (٩٨).","vol":"15","page":26},{"text":"فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ بنُ القَعقاعِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أبى هريرةَ -﵁- دارَ مَرْوانَ فرأى فيها تَصاويرَ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ (^١): \"ومَن أظلَمُ مِمَّن ذَهَبَ (^٢) يَخلُقُ خَلْقًا كَخَلقِى، فَلْيَخلُقوا ذَرَّةً، أو ليَخلُقوا حَبَّةً، أو ليَخلُقوا شعيرَةً\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- وهو يُفتِى النّاسَ -لا يُسنِدُ شَيئًا مِن فُتياه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى مِن أهلِ العِراقِ، وإِنِّى أُصَوِّرُ هذه التَّصاويرَ. فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: ادْنُهْ، ادْنُهْ. مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فدَنا فقالَ: سَمِعتُ محمدًا -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن صَوَّرَ صورَةً فى الدُّنيا كُلِّفَ يَومَ القيامَةِ أن يَنفُخَ فيها الرّوحَ ولَيسَ بنافِخٍ\" (^٥). أخرَجه البُخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حديث سعيدِ بنِ أبى عروبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ضبب عليها فى الأصل، والذى فى المصادر أنه حديث قدسى عن رب العزة ﵎.\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"يذهب\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٦٦) عن محمد بن فضيل به وزاد طرفًا. وابن حبان (٥٨٥٩) من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٥٥٩)، ومسلم (٢١١١/ ١٠١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٢)، والنسائى (٥٣٧٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٩٦٣)، ومسلم (٢١١٠/ ١٠٠).","vol":"15","page":27},{"text":"١٤٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه لَعَنَ المُصَوِّرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدِّسْتُوائِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حِطّانَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَكُنْ يَدَعُ فى بَيتِه ثَوبًا فيه تَصليبٌ (^٣) إلَّا نَقَضَه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَوَّرَ صورَةً عُذِّبَ وكُلِّفَ أن يَنفُخَ فيها ولَيسَ بنافِخٍ، ومَن تَحَلَّمَ كاذِبًا عُذِّبَ وكُلِّفَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١١١١٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٤٧).\n(^٣) أى: ما فيه صورة الصليب، وقل: بل المراد مطلق التصوير. عون المعبود ٤/ ١٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٩٦) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٧٩١) من طريق هشام به. وأبو داود (٤١٥١) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٩٥٢).","vol":"15","page":28},{"text":"أن يَعقِدَ بَينَ شَعيرَتَينِ ولَيسَ بعاقِدٍ، ومَنِ استَمَعَ إلَى حَديثِ قَومٍ وهُم له كارِهونَ صُبَّ فى أُذُنِه الآنُكُ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قال سفيانُ: الآنُكُ: الرَّصاصُ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3164>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فيما يوطأُ مِنَ الصّوَرِ أو يُقطَعُ رُءوسُها، وفِى صوَرِ غَيِر ذَواتِ الأرواحِ مِنَ الأشجارِ وغَيرِها</span>\n\n١٤٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ القاسِمِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن سَفَرٍ وقَد سَتَرتُ بقِرامٍ على سَهوَةٍ (^٣) لِى فيه تَماثيلُ، فلَمّا رآه هَتَكَه وقالَ: \"إنَّ أشَدَّ النّاسِ عَذابًا يَومَ القيامَةِ الَّذينَ يُضاهونَ بخَلقِ اللَّهِ\". قالَت: فقَطَعناه فجَعَلنا مِنه وِسادَةً أو وِسادَتَينِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٩٨٨)، والحميدى (٥٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٦)، وأبو داود (٥٠٢٤)، والترمذى (٢٢٨٣)، والنسائى (٥٣٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٩١٦)، وابن حبان (٥٦٨٥) من طريق أيوب به، وعند بعضهم مختصر.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٠٤٢).\n(^٣) السهوة: شبيه بالرف والطاق يوضع فيه الشئ. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٥٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٥٣٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٢٤٥٣٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٦٧٠).\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٩٥٤)، ومسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩٢).","vol":"15","page":29},{"text":"١٤٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّ بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها نَصَبَت سِترًا فيه تَصاويرُ، فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فنَزَعَه فقَطَعَه وِسادَتَينِ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ فى المَجلِسِ حينَئذٍ يُقالُ له: رَبيعَةُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، مَولَى بَنِى زُهرَةَ: أما سَمِعتَ أبا محمدٍ يَذكُرُ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: فكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَرتَفِقُ عَلَيهِما؟ قال ابنُ القاسِمِ: [لا. قالَ: لَكِنِّى قَد سَمِعتُه. يُريدُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى زَكَريّا: قال ابنُ القاسِمِ] (^١): لَكأنِّى قَد سَمِعتُه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ. على لَفظِ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ (^٤) بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ اللَّيثِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا عباسٌ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٥٣٧٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٦٠) من طريق ابن وهب به، وابن ماجه (٣٦٥٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن القاسم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٠٧/ ٩٥).\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"عمر\" خطأ، وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، فهو أبو الحسن محمد بن الحسن بن الحسين بن منصور. ينظر ترجمته فى سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٦٦.","vol":"15","page":30},{"text":"الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ أخِى الماجِشونِ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فإِذا بسِترٍ (^٢) فيه صُوَرٌ. قالَت: فعَرَفْتُ فى وجهِه الغَضَبَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فهَتَكَه. قالَت: فأَخَذتُه فجَعَلتُه مِرفَقَتَينِ. قالَت: فكانَ يَرتَفِقُ بهِما فى البَيتِ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أبى سلمةَ الخُزاعِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أتانِى جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: إنِّى أتَيتُكَ البارِحَةَ فلَم يَمنَعْنِى مِن أن أدخُلَ عَلَيكَ البَيتَ الَّذِى كُنتَ فيه إلّا أنَّه قَد كان فى بابِ البَيتِ تِمثالُ رَجُلٍ وسِترٌ فيه تِمثالٌ، وكانَ فى البَيتِ جِرْوٌ، فمُرْ برأسِ التِّمثالِ الَّذِى فى البَيتِ فليُقطَعْ، [ومُرْ بالسِّترِ فليُقطَعْ] (^٥) فَلْتَجْعَلْ مِنه وِسادَتَينِ تُبتَذَلانِ وتُوطأَانِ، ومُرْ بالكَلبِ فَلْيُخرَجْ\". ففَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فإِذا كَلبٌ أو جِروٌ لِلحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ -﵄-،\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل، م: \"ستر\". وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه\".\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٦٦٨، ١٤٦٦٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٠٧/ عقب ٩٦).\n(^٥) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.","vol":"15","page":31},{"text":"فأَمَرَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأُخرِجَ (^١).\n\n١٤٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ جِبريلَ ﵇ جاءَ فسَلَّمَ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فعَرَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صوتَه فقالَ: \"ادخُلْ \". فقالَ: إنَّ فى البَيتِ سِترًا فى الحائطِ فيه تَماثيلُ، فاقطَعوا رُءُوسَها واجعَلوه بُسُطًا أو وسائدَ فأَوْطِئُوه! فإِنّا لا نَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه تَماثيلُ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زَيدُ بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ عن أبى إسحاقَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٦٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، قال أبو صالِحٍ مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى: أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فمُرْ برأسِ التمثالِ الَّذِى فى بابِ البَيتِ يُقطَعُ فيَصيرُ كَهَيئَةِ الشَّجَرَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٥٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٤٥)، والترمذى (٢٨٠٦)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥٤) من طريق يونس به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٣٤٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٤٨٨)، وعنه أحمد (٨٠٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٥٣) من طريق ابن أبى أنيسة به. والنسائى (٥٣٨٠) من طريق أبى بكر به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٣١٤)، والآداب (٧٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤١٥٨).","vol":"15","page":32},{"text":"عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: يا أبا عباسٍ، إنِّى إنسانٌ إنَّما مَعيشَتِى مِن صَنعَةِ يَدِى، إنِّى أصنَعُ هذه التَّصاويرَ. فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ: ادْنُه، ادْنُه، إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن صَوَّرَ صُورَةً فى الدُّنيا كُلِّفَ يَومَ القيامَةِ أن يَنفُخَ فيها الرّوحَ وليسَ بنافِخٍ\". قال: فرَبا لَها الرَّجُلُ رَبوَةً شَديدةً، وقالَ: ويحَكَ! إن أبَيتَ إلَّا أن تَصنَعَ فعَلَيكَ بالشَّجَرِ وما لَيسَ فيه الرُّوحُ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا وُهيبٌ (^٣)، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: الصُّورَةُ الرّأسُ، فإِذا قُطِعَ الرّأسُ فلَيسَ بصورَةٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٦٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كانوا يَكرَهونَ ما نُصبَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٣١٣)، والآداب (٧٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٩٤)، وابن حبان (٥٨٤٨) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٢٥)، ومسلم (٢١١٠/ ٩٩).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"وهب\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الإسماعيلى فى معجمه (٢٩١) من طريق أيوب به مرفوعًا، وينظر السلسلة الصحيحة (١٩٢١).","vol":"15","page":33},{"text":"مِنَ التَّماثيلِ نَصبًا، ولا يَرَونَ بما وطِئَتْه الأقدامُ بأسًا (^١).\n\n١٤٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (^٢)، عن شُعبَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخْرَمَةَ دَخَلَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ يَعُودُه، فرأى عَلَيه ثَوبَ إستَبرَقٍ، فقالَ: يا أبا عباسٍ ما هَذا الثَّوبُ؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: وما هوَ؟ قال: الإستَبرَقُ. قال: إنَّما كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَتَكَبَّرُ فيهِ. قال: ما هذه التَّصاويرُ فى الكانونِ؟ قال: لا جَرَمَ، ألَم تَرَ كَيفَ أُحرِقُها بالنّارِ؟ فلَمّا خَرَجَ قال: انزِعوا هَذا الثَّوبَ عَنِّى، واقطَعُوا رُءوسَ هذه التَّصاويرِ التى فى الكانونِ. فقَطَعَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3165>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فِى الرَّقْمِ يَكونُ فى الثَّوبِ</span>\n\n١٤٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن أبى طَلحَةَ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ لا تَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه صورَةٌ\". قال بُسرٌ: ثُمَّ اشتَكَى زَيدُ بنُ خالِدٍ فعُدناه، فإِذا على بابِه سِترٌ فيه صورَةٌ، فقُلتُ لِعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الخَوْلانِىِّ رَبيبِ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: ألَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٧٩) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨: \"ذؤيب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٣٢) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"15","page":34},{"text":"يُخبِرْنا زَيدٌ عن الصّورَةِ اليَومَ (^١) الأوَّلَ؟ قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: ألَم تَسمَعْه حينَ قال: \"إلَّا رَقْمًا فى ثوبٍ\"؟ (^٢) رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣)، قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ ابنُ وهبٍ. فذكر ما (^٤):\n\n١٤٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ويَحيَى بنُ [إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ] (^٥) بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعْقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه، أنَّ بُسرَ بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَدَّثَه، ومَعَ بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ الخَوْلانِىُّ الَّذِى كان فى حَجرِ مَيمونَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، حَدَّثَهُما زَيدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، أنَّ أبا طَلحَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَدخُلُ المَلائكَةُ بَيتًا فيه صورَةٌ\". قال بُسرٌ: فمَرِضَ زَيدٌ فعُدناه، فإِذا فى بَيتِه سِترٌ فيه تَصاويرُ، فقُلتُ لِعُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الخَوْلانِىُّ: ألَم يُحَدِّثْنا؟ قال: إنَّه قَد قال: \"إلَّا رَقْمًا فى الثَّوبِ\". ألَم تَسمَعْهُ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: بَلَى قَد ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"يوم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٥٥) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٦٣٤٥)، والنسائى (٥٣٦٥)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥٠) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٩٥٨)، ومسلم (٢١٠٦/ ٨٥).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٥٩٥٨)، ووصله فى (٣٢٢٦). عن أحمد عن ابن وهب.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٧: \"محمد بن إبراهيم\". وينظر ترجمته فى (١).\n(^٦) المصنف فى الآداب (٧٩٣). وأخرجه البخارى (٣٢٢٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٧) مسلم (٢١٠٦/ ٨٦).","vol":"15","page":35},{"text":"١٤٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبْغِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ السُّرِّىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه دَخَلَ على أبى طَلحَةَ الأنصارِىِّ يَعودُه. قال: فوَجَدنا عِندَه سَهلَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ. قال. فدَعا أبو طَلحَةَ إنسانًا فنَزَعَ نَمَطًا (^١) تَحتَه، فقالَ له سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ: لِمَ تَنزِعُهُ؟ قال: لأَنَّ فيه تَصاويرَ وقَد قال فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما قَد عَلِمتَ. فقالَ سَهلٌ: ألَم يَقُلْ: \"إلَّا ما كان رَقْمًا فى الثَّوبِ \"؟ قال: بَلَى ولَكِنَّه أطيَبُ لِنَفسِى (^٢).\nقَولُه: \"إلَّا رَقْمًا فى ثَوبٍ\". يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به صورَةَ غَيرِ ذَواتِ الأرواحِ، وهو فى حَديثِ أبى طَلحَةَ (^٣) غَيرُ مُبَيَّنٍ، وفِى الأخبارِ قَبلَ هَذا البابِ مُبَيِّنٌ، فالواجِبُ حَملُ ما رُوِّينا فى هَذا البابِ على ما رُوِّينا فى البابِ قَبلَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3166>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَستيِر المَنازِلِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ،\n_________\n(^١) النمط: ما يفترش من مفارش الصوف الملونة. النهاية ٤/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٦٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٩٧٩)، والترمذى (١٧٥٠)، والنسائى (٥٣٦٤)، وابن حبان (٥٨٥١). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.","vol":"15","page":36},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ أبى الحُبابِ مَولَى بَنِى النَّجّارِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن أبى طَلحَةَ الأنصارِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَدخُل المَلائكَة بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا تَماثيلُ\". قال: فأَتَيتُ عائشةَ -﵂- فقُلتُ لَها: إنَّ هَذا يُخبِرُنِى أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ لا تَدخُلُ بَيتًا فيه كَلبٌ ولا تَماثيلُ\". فهَل سَمِعتِ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ؟ قالَت: لا \" ولَكِنْ سأُحَدِّثُكُم ما رأيتُه فعَلَ؛ رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ فى غَزاتِه، فأَخَذتُ نَمَطًا فسَتَرتُه على البابِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ فرأى النَّمَطَ عَرَفتُ الكَراهيَةَ فى وجهِه، فجَذَبَه حَتَّى هَتَكَه أو (^١) قَطَعَه وقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يأمُرْنا أن نَكسوَ الحِجارَةَ والطِّينَ (^٢) \". قالَت: فقَطَعنا مِنه وِسادَتَينِ وحَشَوتُهُما ليفًا، فلَم يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nورَواه خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُهَيلٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"الحِجارَةَ واللَّبِنَ\" (^٥).\nوهَذِه اللَّفظَةُ تَدُلُّ على كَراهيَةِ كِسوَةِ الجِدارِ، وإِن كانَ سَبَبُ اللَّفظِ -فيما رُوِّينا مِن طُرُقِ هَذا الحديثِ- يَدُلُّ على أنَّ الكَراهيَةَ كانَت لِما فيه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"واللبن\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٧٩٢). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٣٩٢) عن إسحاق به. وابن حبان (٥٤٦٨) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٠٦/ ٨٧)، (٢١٠٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٥٣) من طريق خالد بن عبد اللَّه به.","vol":"15","page":37},{"text":"التمثالِ (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الخَطْمِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: دُعِىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ إلَى طَعامٍ، فلَمّا جاءَ رأى البَيتَ مُنَجَّدًا (^٢)، فقَعَدَ خارِجًا وبَكَى. قال: فقيلَ له: ما يُبكيكَ؟ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا شَيَّعَ جَيشًا فبَلَغَ عَقَبَةَ الوَداعِ قال: \"أستَودِعُ اللَّهَ دينَكُم وأَماناتِكُم وخَواتيمَ أعمالِكُم\". قال: فرأى رَجُلًا ذاتَ يَومٍ قَد رَقَّعَ بُردَةً له بقِطعَةٍ. قال: فاستَقبَلَ مَطلِعَ الشَّمسِ وقالَ هَكَذا، ومَدَّ يَدَيه -ومَدَّ عَفّانُ يَدَيه- وقالَ: \"تَطالَعَت عَلَيكُمُ الدُّنيا\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ -أى أقبَلَتْ- حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أن يَقَعَ عَلَينا، ثُمَّ قال: \"أنتُمُ اليَومَ خَيرٌ أم إذا غَدَت عَلَيكُم قَصعَةٌ وراحَت أُخرَى، ويَغدو أحَدُكُم فى حُلَّةٍ ويَرُوحُ فى أُخرَى، وتَستُرونَ بُيوتَكُم كما تُستَرُ الكَعبَةُ؟ \". فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ: أفَلا أبكِى وقَد بَقِيتُ حَتَّى تَستُرونَ بُيوتَكُم كما تُستَرُ الكَعبَةُ (^٣)؟\n\n١٤٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الضَّبِّىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"التماثيل\".\n(^٢) بيت مُنَجَّد: أى مُزَيَّن. الفائق ٣/ ٤٠٨.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد فى الزهد ص ١٩٧، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٣٤١) عن عفان. وأبو داود (٢٦٠١) من طريق حماد به مختصًرا.","vol":"15","page":38},{"text":"القُرَظىِّ (^١)، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ يَرفَعُ الحديثَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ شَئٍ شَرَفًا، وأَشرَفُ المَجالِسِ ما استُقبِلَ به القِبلَةُ، لا تُصَلُّوا خَلفَ نائمٍ ولا مُتَحَدِّثٍ، واقتُلوا الحَيَّةَ والعَقرَبَ وإِن كُنتُم فى صَلاتِكُم، ولا تَستُروا الجُدُرَ بالثّيابِ (^٢) \". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن هِشامِ بنِ زيادٍ أبى المِقدامِ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُنقَطِعٍ عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٤)، ولَم يَثبُتْ فى ذَلِكَ إسنادٌ.\n\n١٤٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن تُستَرَ الجُدُرُ (^٥). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٤٧٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: عَرَّستُ ابنًا لِى فدَعَوتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ وعُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، فلَمّا وقَفا على البابِ رأى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ البَيتَ قَد سُتِرَ بالدّيباجِ فرَجَعَ، ودَخَلَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، ص ٨، م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"بالثوب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٦٧٤) من طريق هشام بن زياد به مطولًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٨٥) من طريق محمد بن كعب به مختصًرا، وضعفه.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٣٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":39},{"text":"القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ فقُلتُ: واللَّهِ لَقَد مَقَتَنِى حينَ انصَرَفَ. فقُلتُ: أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، واللَّهِ إنَّ ذَلِكَ لَشَئٌ ما صَنَعتُه، وما هو إلَّا شَئٌ صَنَعَه (^١) النِّساءُ وغَلَبونا عَلَيهِ. قال: فحَدَّثَنِى أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- زَوَّجَ ابنَه سالِمًا، فلَمَّا كان يَومُ عُرسِه دَعا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ناسًا فيهِم أبو أيُّوبَ الأنصارِىُّ -﵁-، فلَمّا وقَفَ على البابِ رأى أبو أيّوبَ فى البَيتِ سُتورًا (^٢) مِن قَزٍّ، فقالَ: لَقَد فعَلتُموها يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ! قَد سَتَرتُمُ الجُدُرَ! ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ. وَفِى غَيرِ هذه الرِّوايَةِ قال: دَعا ابنُ عُمَرَ أبا أيّوبَ -﵃-، فرأى فى البَيتِ سِترًا على الجِدارِ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: غَلَبَنا عَلَيه النِّساءُ. فقالَ: مَن كُنتُ أخشَى عَلَيه فلَم أكُنْ أخشَى عَلَيكَ، واللَّهِ لا أطعَمُ لَكَ طَعامًا. فرَجَعَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: تَزَوَّجَ سَلمانُ إلَى أبى قُرَّةَ الكِندِىِّ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيها قال: يا هذه، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أوصانِى (^٤): \"إن قَضَى اللَّهُ لَكَ أن تَزَوَّجَ فيَكونُ أوَّلُ ما تَجتَمِعانِ عَلَيه طاعَةً\". فقالَت: إنَّكَ جَلَستَ مَجلِسَ المَرءِ يُطاعُ أمرُه. فقالَ لَها: قَومِى نُصَلِّى ونَدعو. ففَعَلا فرأى بَيتًا مُسَتَّرًا، فقالَ: ما\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"صنعته\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"سترًا\".\n(^٣) علقه البخارى عقب (٥١٨٠). قال ابن حجر فى فتح البارى ٩/ ٢٤٩: ووصله أحمد فى كتاب الورع، وهر فيه مختصرا بدون إسناد. الورع ص ١٣٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٤١) من حديث سالم بن عبد اللَّه بنحوه.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: فقال\".","vol":"15","page":40},{"text":"بالُ بَيتِكُم؟! مَحمومٌ أوْ تَحَوَّلَتِ الكَعبَةُ فى كِندَةَ؟! فقالوا: لَيسَ بمَحمومٍ (^١)، ولَم تَتَحَوَّلِ الكَعبَةُ فى كِندَةَ. فقالَ: لا أدخُلُه حَتَّى يُهتَكَ كُلُّ سِترٍ إلَّا سِترًا على البابِ (^٢). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوروّينا فى كَراهيَةِ ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- (^٣)، ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ لِما فيه مِنَ السَّرَفِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3167>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن إجابَةِ مَن دَعاه إلَى طَعامٍ وإِن لَم يَكُنْ له سَبَبٌ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: بَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو أُهدِىَ إلَىَّ ذِراعٌ لَقَبِلتُ، ولَو دُعيتُ إلَى كُراعٍ لأجَبتُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٠٧ - أخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبْسِىُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَرْوَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الباشانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو دُعيتُ إلَى كُراعٍ لأجَبتُ، ولَو أُهدِىَ إلَىَّ ذِراعٌ لَقَبِلتُ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ وكيعٌ قَولَه: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"محموم\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٥٩٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٤٦٣) عن ابن جريج بنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٢١، ١٩٨٢٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٦٤٠).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٨٢.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٢٠٦٣، ١٢٠٦٤).","vol":"15","page":41},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ عن أبى حَمزَةَ (^١).\n\n١٤٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ السُّرِّىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: قال أبو طَلحَةَ لأُمِّ سُلَيمٍ: لَقَد سَمِعتُ صَوتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ضعيفًا أعرِفُ فيه الجوعَ، فهَلْ عِندَكِ مِن شَئٍ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. فأَخرَجَت أقراصًا مِن شَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ أخرَجَت خِمارًا لَها فلَفَّتِ الخُبزَ ببَعضه، ثُمَّ دَسَّتْ (^٢) تَحتَ يَدِى ورَدَّتنِى بَعضَه (^٣)، ثُمَّ أرسَلَتنِى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. [قال: فذَهَبتُ به فوَجَدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-] (^٤) فى المَسجِدِ ومَعَه الناسُ، فقُمتُ -أو فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه- فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"آرسَلَكَ أبو طَلحَةَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"ألِطَعامٍ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِمَن مَعَه: \"قُومُوا\". قال: فانطَلَقَ فانطَلَقتُ بَينَ أيديهِم حَتَّى جِئتُ أبا طَلحَةَ فأَخبَرتُه، قال أبو طَلحَةَ: يا أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ، قَد جاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ ولَيسَ عِندَنا مِنَ الطَّعامِ ما نُطعِمُهُم قالَت: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: فانطَلَقَ أبو طَلحَةَ حَتَّى لَقِىَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥١٧٨).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨: \"دسته\".\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"ببعضه\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.","vol":"15","page":42},{"text":"وأبو طَلحَةَ حَتَّى دَخَلا فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَلُمِّى يا أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ مما عِندَكِ\". فأَتّته بذَلِكَ الخُبزِ. قال: فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ففُتَّ، وعَصرَت أُمُّ سُلَيمٍ عُكَّةً (^١) لَها فأَدَمَتْه (^٢) -يَعنِى الإدامَ- ثُمَّ قال فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَقولَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ائْذَنْ لِعَشَرَةٍ\". فأَذِنَ لَهُم، فأَكَلوا حَتَّى شَبِعوا ثُمَّ خَرَجوا، ثُمَّ قال: \"ائْذَنْ لعَشَرَةٍ\". فأَكَلوا (^٣)، حَتَّى أكَلَ القَومُ كُلُّهُم وشَبِعوا، والقَومُ سَبعونَ أو ثَمانونَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ دَسَّته تَحتَ ثَوبِى ورَدَّتنِى ببَعضِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\nورَواه سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- وزادَ فيه: قال: ثُمَّ هَيّأَها، فإِذا هِىَ مِثلُها حينَ أكَلوا مِنها (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) العُكَّة: ما يوضع فيه السمن من ظروف الأدم. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٢١.\n(^٢) أدمته: أى خلطته وجعلت فيه إدامًا يؤكل. النهاية ١/ ٣١.\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"فأذن لهم فأكلوا حتى شبعوا\".\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٩٢٧، ومن طريقه عبد بن حميد (١٢٣٦)، والبخارى (٣٥٧٨، ٦٦٨٨)، والترمذى (٣٦٣٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦١٧)، وابن حبان (٦٥٣٤).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٨٨. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٣٠٨) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٣٨١)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٠/ ١٤٢).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٨٣)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٠/ ١٤٣).","vol":"15","page":43},{"text":"١٤٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ هو ابنُ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ خَيّاطًا دَعا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِطَعامٍ صَنَعَه له. قال أنَسٌ: فذَهَبتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى ذَلِكَ الطَّعامِ، فقَرَّبَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خُبْزًا مِن شَعيرٍ ومَرَقًا فيه دُبَّاءٌ وقَدِيدٌ (^١). قال أنَسٌ: فرأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتبَعُ الدُّبّاءَ مِن حَوالَىِ الصَّحْفَةِ، فلَم أزَلْ أُحِبُّ الدُّبّاءَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ اليَومِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى الحُنَينِ: بَعدَ يَومِئذٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَرّازُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ،\n_________\n(^١) الدباء: هو القرع إذا يبس. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٥.\nوالقديد: لحم يقطع طولا وييبس ويدخر. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٥٤٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٧٨٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٦٦٢)، وابن حبان (٤٥٣٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٤٣٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٤١/ ١٤٤).","vol":"15","page":44},{"text":"حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مِيناءَ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لأصحابِه: \"قوموا فقَد صَنَعَ جابِرٌ سُورًا\" (^١). قال أبو الفَضلِ وهو الدُّورِىُّ: وإِنَّما يُرادُ بهَذا الحديثِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تكَلَّمَ بالفارِسيَّةِ. سورٌ: عُرسُ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ علىٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن أبى عاصِمٍ بطولِهِ (^٢). وسياقُه يَدُلُّ على أنَّه قال ذَلِكَ فى دَعوَةٍ إلَى طَعامٍ فى غَيرِ عُرسٍ.\n\n١٤٧١٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ صَخرٍ الدّارِمِىُّ والعباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ -وهَذا حَديثُه- قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مِيناءَ، حدثنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىّ قال: لما كان يَومُ الخَندَقِ أصابَ النّاسُ خَمْصًا (^٣) شَديدًا. قال: فقُلتُ لأهلِى: هَل عِندَكِ شَئٌ حَتَّى نَدعُوَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-؟ قالَت: ما عِندَنا إلَّا صاعٌ مِن شَعيرٍ. قال: فقُلتُ لَها: اطحَنيه. قال: وذَبَحْتُ عَناقًا عِندَنا. قال: ففَرَغَتُ إلَى فَراغِى، فانطَلَقتُ أدعو النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عِندَنا صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ، وعِندَنا عَناقٌ أو شاةٌ فذَبَحناها. قال: فصاحَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى أصحابِه: \"قوموا فقَد صَنَعَ جابِرٌ سُورًا\". قال: فانطَلَقتُ أمامَ القَومِ فأَتَيتُ امرأتِى فقالَت: بِكَ وبِكَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الشيخ فى أخلاق النبى ص ٢٧٥ من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤١٠٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٣٩/ ١٤١).\n(^٣) الخمص: الجوع والمجاعة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤١.","vol":"15","page":45},{"text":"لا تَفضَحْنِى اليَومَ برسولِ (^١) اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ضَعوا بُرْمَتَكُم\". قال: فوَضَعوا فيها اللَّحمَ فبَسَقَ فيها وبارَكَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"انظُروا خابِزَةً تَخبِزُ لكم\". قال: فجَعَلَتِ الخابِزَةُ تَخبِزُ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ادخُلوا عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً\". قال: فجَعَلَ يَغرِفُ لَهُم فيأكلونَ، حَتَّى أتَى على آخِرِهِم وإِنا لَنَقدَحُ (^٢) فى بُرمَتِنا، وإِنَّ عَجينَنا لَيُخبَزُ كما هو، وإِنَّ قِدرَنا لَتَغِطُّ (^٣) كما هِىَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ بُسرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بأَبيه وهو على بَغلَةٍ له بَيضاءَ، فأَتاه فأَخَذَ بلِجامِها فقالَ: انزِلْ عَلَىَّ. قال: فنَزَلَ عَلَينا، فأُتِى بتَمرٍ وسَويقٍ، فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ مِنه ثُمَّ يَضَعُ النَّوَى على ظَهرِ السَّبّابَةِ أوِ الوُسطَى أو عَلَيهِما جَميعًا ثُمَّ يَرمِى به. قال: وصَنَعَ له طَعامًا فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ مِنه، ثُمَّ أتاه بقَدَع مِن لَبَنٍ أو سَوِيقٍ فشَرِبَ مِنه، ثُمَّ أعطاه الَّذِى عن يَمينِه، فأَرادَ أن يَسيرَ أو يَرتَحِلَ. فقالَ: ادعُ لَنا. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَهُم فيما رَزَقتَهُم واغفِرْ لَهُم وارحَمْهُم\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ وابنِ أبى عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"من رسول\".\n(^٢) نقدح: نغرف. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٢.\n(^٣) تغط: تغلى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٩٤٢، ٨٣٠٧)، والحاكم ٣/ ٣٠، ٣١ من طريق الدورى به. وأحمد (١٥٠٢٨) من طريق سعيد بن ميناء بنحوه.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٨٣)، وأبو داود (٣٧٢٩)، والترمذى (٣٥٧٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠١٢٤)، وابن حبان (٥٢٩٧، ٥٢٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"15","page":46},{"text":"ويَحيَى بنِ حَمّادٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3168>بابُ طَعامِ المُتَباريَينِ</span>\nوهُما المُتَعارِضانِ بفِعلِهِما (^٢) رِئاءً ومُباهاةً حَتَّى يُرَى أيُّهُما يَغلِبُ صاحِبَهُ.\n\n١٤٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أبى الزَّرقاءِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ خِرِّيتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: كان ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن طَعامِ المُتَباريَينِ أن يُؤكَلَ. قالَ أبو داودَ: أكثَرُ مَن رَواه عن جَريرٍ لا يَذكُرُ فيه ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄-، وهارونُ النَّحْوِىُّ ذَكَرَ فيه ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- أيضًا، وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3169>بابُ نَسخِ الضِّيقِ فى الأكلِ مِن مالِ الغَيِر إذا أذِنَ له فيهِ</span>\n\n١٤٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ﴿لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩] فكانَ الرَّجُلُ يُحَرِّجُ أن يأكُلَ عِندَ أحَدٍ مِنَ النّاسِ بَعدَ ما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ، فنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ الآيَةُ التى فى \"النُّورِ\" فقالَ: (لَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُناحٌ أن تأكُلوا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٤٢).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨: \"بفعليهما\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٥٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٩٣).","vol":"15","page":47},{"text":"مِن بُيوتِكُم) [إلَى قَولِه: (أَشتاتًا)، كَذا قال، يُريدُ قَولَه: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ] (^١) أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ إِخْوَانِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَعْمَامِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخْوَالِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ خَالَاتِكُمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُمْ مَفَاتِحَهُ أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ أَشْتَاتًا﴾ [النور: ٦١]. قال: كان الرَّجُلُ الغَنِىُّ يَدعو الرَّجُلَ مِن أهلِه إلَى الطَّعامِ، قال: إنِّى لأجْنَحُ أن آكُلَ مِنه -والتَّجَنُّحُ: الحَرَجُ- ويَقولُ: المِسكينُ أحَقُّ به مِنِّى. فأَحَلَّ فى ذَلِكَ أن يأكُلوا مِمّا ذُكِرَ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيه، وأَحَلَّ طَعامَ أهلِ الكِتابِ (^٢).\nوذَكَرَ الزُّهْرِىُّ عن عبيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبة فى قَولِه: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ﴾ الآيَة: أنَّ المُسلِمينَ كانوا إذا غَزَوْا خَلَّفوا زَمْناهُم فى بُيوتِهِم، فدَفَعوا (^٣) إلَيهِم مَفاتيحَ أبوابِهِم ويَقولوا: قَد أحلَلنا لَكُم أن تأكُلوا مِمّا فى بُيوتِنا. فكانوا يَتَحَرَّجونَ مِن ذَلِكَ يَقولونَ: لا نَدخُلُها وهُم غُيَّبٌ. فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ رُخصَةً لَهُم. هَكَذا رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ ثَورٍ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ مُرسَلًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٧٥٣). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٩٢): حسن الإسناد.\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"فيدفعوا\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"يدفعون\".\n(^٤) المراسيل (٤٥٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٦٤، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٦٨، ٣٦٩، من طريق معمر به.","vol":"15","page":48},{"text":"وعن حَجّاجِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبيه، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيْسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، مُرسَلًا بمَعناه وأَتَمَّ مِنه (^١).\n\n١٤٧١٦ - ورَواه عن زَيدِ بنِ أخزَمَ، عن بشرِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن (^٢) صالِحٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-. قال أبو داودَ: والصَّحيحُ حَديثُ يَعقوبَ ومَعمَرٍ. أخبَرَناه محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوفِى رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى قالوا: نَخشَى ألا تكونَ أنفُسُهُم طيِّبَةً وإِن قالوه. فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ.\n\n١٤٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان رِجالٌ زَمْنَى عُمْىٌ وعُرْجٌ أولِى حاجَةٍ يَستَتبِعُهُم رِجالٌ إلَى بُيوتِهِم، فإِن لَم يَجِدوا لَهُم فى بُيوتِهِم طَعامًا ذَهَبوا بهِم إلَى بُيوتِ آبائهِم وبُيوتِ أُمَّهاتِهِم، ومَن عُدَّ مَعَهُم مِنَ البُيوتِ، فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ المُستَتبَعونَ وقالوا: يَذهَبونَ بنا إلَى بُيوتٍ غَيرِ بُيوتِهِم. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فى ذَلِكَ: لا جناحَ عَليكُم فى ذَلِكَ، وأَحَلَّ لَهُمُ الطَّعامَ مِن حَيثُ وجَدوه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٤٦٠).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) المراسيل (٤٦١). وأخرجه البزار (٢٢٤١ - كشف) عن زيد بن أخزم به.\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٩٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٣٦٧ من طريق ورقاء به.","vol":"15","page":49},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يَعنِى إذا رَضِىَ به مالكُه، وكانوا يَتَحَرَّجونَ مَعَ رِضا المالِكِ به، فرُفِعَ الحَرَجُ إذا كان ذَلِكَ برِضاه. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3170>بابُ اجتِماعِ الدّاعيَيِن</span>\n\n١٤٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا ابنُ نُفَيلٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ البالِسِىُّ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ السلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدّالانِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السِّرِىِّ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبى خالِدٍ الدّالانِىِّ، عن أبى العَلاءِ الأَوْدِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِمْيَرِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا اجتَمَعَ الدّاعيانِ فأَجِبْ أقرَبَهُما بابًا، فإِنَّ أقرَبَهُما بابًا أقرَبُهُما جِوارًا، وإِن سَبَقَ أحَدُهُما فأَجِبِ الَّذِى سَبَقَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3171>بابُ غَسلِ اليَدِ قَبلَ الطَّعامِ وبَعدَهُ</span>\n\n١٤٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسن (^٢) بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا قَيسٌ هو ابنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ، عن زاذانَ، عن سَلمانَ قال: فى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٧٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٦٦) من طريق عبد السلام بن حرب به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٠٢).\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"الحسين\". وقد تقدم على الصواب كثيرًا.","vol":"15","page":50},{"text":"التَّوراةِ: إنَّ بَرَكَةَ الطَّعامِ الوُضوءُ قَبلَه. فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"بَرَكَةُ الطَّعامِ الوُضوءُ قَبلَه وبَعدَه\" (^١). قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ (^٢)، ولَم يَثبُتْ فى غَسلِ اليَدِ قَبلَ الطَّعامِ حَديثٌ.\n\n١٤٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الضغانِىُّ وعباسٌ قالا: حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن باتَ وفِى يَدِه غَمَرٌ (^٣) فأَصابَه شَئٌ فلا يَلومَنَّ إلَّا نَفسَه\" (^٤).\nورَواه عُقَيل عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أبى سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا سُهَيلٌ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن نامَ وفِى يَدِه غَمَرٌ ولَم يَغسِلْهُ فأَصابَه شَئٌ فلا يَلُومَنَّ إلَّا نَفسَه\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٦٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٧٦١)، والترمذى (١٨٤٦) من طريق قيس به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١١٨٥٩).\n(^٣) الغمر: الدسم والزهومة من اللحم. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨١٣، ٥٨١٤)، والآداب (٦٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٣١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٩٠٦) من طريق عفان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (٥٤٣٥)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٥٨١٢) من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣٨٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٦٩، ١٠٩٤٠) من طريق زهير به. والبخارى فى الأدب =","vol":"15","page":51},{"text":"وحَديثُ سُوَيدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ فى مَضمَضَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ومَضمَضَتِهِم بَعدَ أكلِهِمُ السَّويقَ دَليلٌ فى هَذا البابِ، وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ (^١)، فالحَديثُ فى غَسلِ اليَدِ بَعدَ الطَّعامِ حَسَنٌ، وهو قَبلَ الطَّعامِ ضَعيفٌ، وفِى الحديثِ الصحيحِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أتَى الخَلاءَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فأُتِىَ بطَعامٍ فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ألا تَتَوَضّأُ؟ قال: \"لِمَ؟ أُصَلِّى فأَتَوَضّأَ؟! \" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3172>بابُ التَّسميَةِ على الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بَيتَه فذَكَرَ اللَّهَ عِندَ دُخولِه وعِندَ طَعامِه قال الشَّيطانُ: لا مَبيتَ لَكُم ولا عَشاءَ. وإِذا دَخَلَ فلَم يَذكُرِ اللَّهَ عِندَ دُخولِه قال الشَّيطانُ: أدرَكتُمُ المَبيتَ. فإِذا لَم يَذكُرِ اللَّهَ عِندَ طَعامِه قال: أدرَكتُمُ المَبيتَ والعَشاءَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n= المفرد (١٢٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٩٧)، وابن حبان (٥٥٢١) من طريق سهيل به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٦٢).\n(^١) تقدم فى (٧٥٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٩١).\n(^٣) المصف فى الآداب (٦٢٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٦٥) عن يحيى بن خلف به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٠٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٨٨٧)، وابن حبان (٨١٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (١٥١٠٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٥٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠١٨/ ١٠٣).","vol":"15","page":52},{"text":"١٤٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدٌ -هو الأصَمُّ- حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن بُدَيلٍ العُقَيلِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن امرأةٍ مِنهُم يُقالُ لَها: أُمُّ كُلثومٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يأكُلُ فى سِتَّةٍ مِن أصحابِه، فجاءَ أعرابِىٌّ جائعٌ فأَكَلَه بلُقمَتَينِ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أما إنَّه لَو ذَكَرَ اسمَ اللَّهِ لَكَفاكُم، [فإِذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم فَلْيَذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّهِ] (^١)، فإِن نَسِىَ أن يُسَمِّىَ فى أوَّلِه فليَقُلْ: بسمِ اللَّهِ أوَّلَه وآخِرَه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3173>بابُ الأكلِ والشُّربِ باليَمينِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم فليأكُلْ بيَمينِه، وإِذا شَرِبَ فليَشرَبْ بيَمينِه؛ فإِنَّ الشَّيطانَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٣٢)، والآداب (٦٢٨)، والطيالسى (١٦٧١)، ومن طريقه الترمذى فى الشمائل (١٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٨٩) عن روح به. وأبو داود (٣٧٦٧)، والترمذى (١٨٥٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠١١٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢١٤) من طريق هشام به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.","vol":"15","page":53},{"text":"يأكُلُ بشِمالِه ويَشرَبُ بشِمالِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن (^٤) ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم فليأكُلْ بيَمينِه، وإِذا شَرِبَ فليَشرَبْ بيَمينِه؛ فإِن الشَّيطانَ يأكُلُ ويَشرَبُ بشِمالِه\". قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ لِمَعمَرٍ: فإِنَّ الزُّهرِىَّ حَدَّثَنِى به عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. فقالَ له مَعمَرٌ: فإِنَّ الزُّهرِىَّ كان يَذكُرُ الحديثَ عنِ النَّفَرِ، فلَعَلَّه عَنهُما جَميعًا (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا مُحتَمِلٌ؛ فقَد رَواه عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن سالِمٍ عن أبيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) جزء ابن عيينة (٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٣٧)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٧٧٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٤٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٠/ ١٠٥).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٢٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٨٨٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٠) عقب (١٠٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٨٩٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٧٩٩) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"أبيه\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٣١)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٤١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٣٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٤٧)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٨٠٠) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٦) أخرجه مسلم (٢٠٢٠/ ١٠٦)، وأبو عوانة (٨١٧٨) من طريق عمر بن محمد به.","vol":"15","page":54},{"text":"١٤٧٢٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الخَليلِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسْفاطِىُّ هو ابنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا إياسُ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: أبصرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بِشرَ ابنَ راعِى العيرِ يأكُلُ بشِمالِه قال: \"كُلْ بيَمينِكَ\". قال: لا أستَطعُ. قال: \"لا استَطَعتَ\". قال: فما وصَلَت يَدُه (^١) إلَى فيه بَعدُ (^٢). وفِى رِوايَةِ السُّلَمِىِّ: فما وصَلَت يَمينُه. وقالَ: بُسرٌ بضَمِّ الباءِ وبِالسّينِ غَيرَ مُعجَمَةٍ. والصَّحيحُ: بشرٌ بخَفضِ الباءِ وبِالشّينِ مُعجَمَةً. هَكَذا ذَكَرَه ابنُ مَندَه وغَيرُه مِنَ الحُفّاظِ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ زادَ: وما مَنَعَه إلَّا الكِبرُ. قال: فما رَفَعَها إلَى فيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3174>بابُ الأكلِ مِمّا يَليهِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ (ح) قال:\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٥١٢) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٦٤٩٩)، وابن حبان (٦٥١٣) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) ينظر معرفة الصحابة لابن منده ١/ ٢٣٢، ٢٦٣.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٢١/ ١٠٧).","vol":"15","page":55},{"text":"وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيبر، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، سَمِعَه مِن عُمَرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ قال: كُنتُ فى حَجرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وكانَت يَدِى تَطيشُ فى الصَّحْفَةِ، فقالَ لِى: \"يا غُلامُ، سَمِّ اللِّهَ، وكُلْ بيَمينِكَ، وكُلْ مِمّا يَليكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن على بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3175>بابُ الأكلِ مِن جَوانِبِ القَصعَةِ دونَ وسَطِها</span>\n\n١٤٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقَصعَةٍ مِن ثَريدٍ، فقالَ: \"كُلوا مِن جَوانِبِها ولا تأكُلوا مِن وسَطِها؛ فإِنَّ البَرَكَةَ تَنزِلُ فى وسَطِها\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3176>بابُ الأكلِ بثَلاثِ أصابِعَ ولَعقِها</span>\n\n١٤٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٨٠٨)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٣٢٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٣٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٥٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٧٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٢/ ١٠٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٠)، وأبو داود (٣٧٧٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٦٢) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (١٨٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٧٧)، وابن حبان (٥٢٤٥) من طرق عن عطاء به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٦٥٠).","vol":"15","page":56},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلُ بثَلاثِ أصابِعَ، ويَلعَقُ يَدَه قَبلَ أن يَمسَحَها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباس -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم طَعامًا فلا يَمسَحْ يَدَه حَتَّى يَلعَقَها أو يُلعِقَها\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٣١ - وأخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَطاءً يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أكَلَ أحَدُكُم مِنَ الطَّعامِ فلا يَمسَحْ يَدَه حَتَّى يَلعَقَها أو يُلعِقَها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٤٨)، والآداب (٦٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٦٧)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن حبان (٥٢٥١) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٣٢) عقب (١٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٢، ٣٢٣٤)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٧٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. والبخارى (٥٤٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٦٩) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٩٩) عن روح به.","vol":"15","page":57},{"text":"عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ، وعن زهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3177>بابُ رَفعِ اللُّقمَةِ إذا سَقَطَت وإِنقاءِ القَصعَةِ والتَّمَسُّحِ بالمِنديلِ بَعدَ اللَّعقِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا سَقَطَت مِن أحَدِكُم لُقمَةٌ فلْيُمِطْ ما أصابَها مِنَ الأذَى وليأكُلْها، ولا يَدَعْها لِلشَّيطانِ، ولا يَمسَحْ أحَدُكُم يَدَه بالمِنديلِ حَتَّى يَلعَقَها أو يُلعِقَها؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِى فى أىِّ طَعامِه البَرَكَة\" (^٢). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا أكَلَ طَعامًا لَعِقَ أصابِعَه الثَّلاثَ وقالَ: \"إذا سَقَطَتْ لُقمَةُ أحَدِكُم فلْيُمِطْ عَنها الأذَى ولْيَأكُلْها، ولا يَدَعْها لِلشَّيطانِ\". وأَمَرَنا أن نَسْلِتَ الصَّحْفَةَ وقالَ: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم لا يَدرِى فى أىِّ طَعامِه يُبارَكُ له\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٣١/ ١٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٣٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٧٧) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وابن ماجه (٣٢٧٠) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (١٨٠٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٥٣) من طريق أبى الزبير به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٣٣/ ١٣٤).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٣٤)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨١٥، ١٤٠٨٩)، والترمذى (١٨٠٣)، والنسائى (٦٧٦٥) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"15","page":58},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3178>بابٌ: لا يُناوِلُ مَن لَم يَجلِسْ مَعَه لِلأكلِ شَيئًا مِمّا قُدِّمَ إلَيه لأنَّه إنَّما دُعِىَ ليأكُلَ لا ليُعطِىَ</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرْجِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَخْتَرِىُّ قال: صَنَعَ سَلمانُ -﵁- طَعامًا، فدَعا نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِه، فجاءَ سائلٌ فأَخَذَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الطَّعامِ فناوَلَه، فقالَ سَلمانُ -﵁-: ضَعْ (^٢)، إنَّما دُعيتَ لِتأكُلَ. فاستَحيَا الرَّجُلُ، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال سَلمانُ: لَعَلَّه شَقَّ عَلَيكَ ما قُلتُ لَكَ؟ قال: إِى واللَّهِ، لَقَد أَزرأتَ (^٣) بى. قال: وما كان حاجَتُكَ أن يَكونَ الأجرُ لِى والوِزرُ عَلَيكَ؟\nوبِمَعناه رَواه شُعبَهُ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3179>بابُ مَن قَرَّبَ شَيئًا مِمّا قُدِّمَ إلَيه إلَى مَن قَعَدَ مَعَهُ</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٠٣٤/ ١٣٦)، وعقب (٢٠٣٥/ ١٣٧).\n(^٢) فى م: \"دع\".\n(^٣) أزريت به إزراء: إذا قصرت به، أى استخففت به وتنقصت به وتهاونت. إسفار الفصيح لأبى سهل الهروى ١/ ٤٨١.\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (١٢٧)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٦١)، والآداب (٦٣٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"15","page":59},{"text":"سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحيرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: دَعا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ فانطَلَقتُ مَعَه، فجِئَ بمَرَقَةٍ فيها دُبّاءٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلُ مِن ذَلِكَ الدُّبّاءِ ويُعجِبُه. قال: فلَمَّا رأيتُ ذَلِكَ جَعَلتُ أُلْقِيه إلَيه ولا أطعَمُه. قال أنَسٌ: فما زِلتُ بَعدُ يُعجِبُنِى الدُّبّاءُ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن أنَسٍ قال: فلَمّا رأيتُ ذَلِكَ جَعَلتُ أجمَعُه بَينَ يَدَيهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3180>بابٌ: ما عابَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- طَعامًا قَطُّ</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: أظُنُّ أبا حازِمٍ ذَكَرَه (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: ما عابَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- طَعامًا قَطُّ؛ إنِ اشتَهاه أكَلَه، وإِن كَرِهَه تَرَكَه. وفِى رِوايَةِ وكيعٍ: وإِلَّا تَرَكَه (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٦٣)، والآداب (٦٣٧) عن أبى عبد اللَّه وحده. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٣٢٨) عن الصغانى به. وأحمد (١٣٣٥٩) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٤١/ ١٤٥)، والبخارى (٥٤٣٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٤٢) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (٣٧٦٣)، وابن =","vol":"15","page":60},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3181>بابٌ: لا يَتَحَرَّجُ مِن طَعامٍ أحَلَّه اللَّهُ تَعالَى</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ بنُ هُلْبٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وسألَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ مِنَ الطَّعامِ طَعامًا أتَحَرَّجُ مِنه. فقالَ: \"لا يَتَخَلَّجَنَّ (^٢) فى نَفسِكَ شَئٌ ضارَعتَ فيه النَّصرانيَّةَ\" (^٣).\nورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n١٤٧٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ القَيسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن\n_________\n= حبان (٦٤٣٧) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. والترمذى (٢٠٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٥٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) البخارى (٥٤٠٩)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٤/ ١٨٧).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"يختلجن\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٤٠)، وأبو داود (٣٧٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٦٥) من طريق زهير به. والترمذى (١٥٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٠) من طريق سماك به. وقال الترمذى: حسن.\nومعنى: ضارعت فيه النصرانية: أى: شابهت لأجله أهل الملة النصرانية من حيث امتناعهم إذا وقع فى قلب أحدهم أنه حرام أو مكروه، وهذا فى المعنى تعليل النهى. والمعنى: لا تتحرج، فإنك إن فعلت ذلك ضارعت فيه النصرانية، فإنه من دأب النصارى وترهيبهم. تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ٣٨٤.","vol":"15","page":61},{"text":"مُرَىِّ (^١) بنِ قَطَرِىٍّ رَجُلٌ مِن طَيِّئٍ مِن بَنى ثُعَلٍ، عن عَدِىٍّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبى كان يَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ ويَفعَلُ ويَفعَلُ، وإِنَّه ماتَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أباكَ أرادَ أمرًا فأَدرَكَه\". يَعنِى الذِّكْرَ، قال: قُلتُ: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أسأَلَكَ عن طَعامٍ لا أدَعُه إلَّا تَحَرُّجًا. قال: \"فلا تَحَرَّجْ مِن شَئٍ ضارَعتَ فيه نَصرانيَّةً\". قال: قُلتُ: أُرسِلُ كَلبِى فيأخُذُ الصَّيدَ فلا يَكونُ مَعِى ما أُذَكّيه إلّا المَرْوَةَ (^٢) والعَصا؟ فقالَ: \"أمْرِ الدِّمَ (^٣) بما شِئتَ، واذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3182>بابٌ: لا يَحتَقِرُ ما قُدِّمَ إلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٣٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: دَخَلَ نَفَرٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، فقَرَّبَ إلَيهِم خُبْزًا وخَلًّا فقالَ: كُلوا؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"نِعمَ الإدامُ الخَلُّ، إنَّه هَلاكٌ بالرَّجُلِ أن يَدخُلَ عَلَيه النَّفَرُ مِن إخوانِه فيَحتَقِرَ ما فى بَيتِه أن\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطه فى الأصل بفتح الراء وتخفيفها، وضبطها فى حاشية الأصل بفتحها وتشديدها، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٤٠: مرى بالتصغير. ومع ذلك قال صاحب تحفة الأحوذى: مرى: بضم الميم وتشديد الراء المكسورة. . . قال فى التقريب: مرى بلفظ النسب ا هـ.\n(^٢) المروة: حجر أبيض براق، أو هى التى يقدح منها النار. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٣) أمر الدم: استخرجه. النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٦٢)، وأبو داود (٢٨٢٤)، والترمذى عقب (١٥٦٥)، والنسائى (٤٣١٥، ٤٤١٣)، وابن ماجه (٣١٧٧)، وابن حبان (٣٣٢) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"15","page":62},{"text":"يُقَدِّمَه إلَيهِم، وهَلاكٌ بالقَومِ أن يَحتَقِروا ما قُدِّمَ إلَيهِم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3183>بابُ كَيفَ يأكُلُ اللَّحمَ</span>\n\n١٤٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعْفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا رِبعِىُّ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ قال: قال صَفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ: رآنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَنا آخُذُ اللَّحمَ عن العَظمِ بيَدِى، فقالَ لِى: \"يا صَفْوانُ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ. قال: \"قَرِّبِ اللَّحمَ مِن فيكَ؛ إنَّه [أهنَؤُه وأَمرَؤُه] (^٢) \".\n\n١٤٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقطَعُوا اللَّحمَ بالسِّكِّينِ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِن صَنيعِ الأعاجِمِ، ولَكِنِ انْهَشُوه (^٣)؛ فإِنَّه أهنأُ وأَمرأُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٨٥) عن أسباط بن محمد به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"أهنأ وأمرأ\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الشعب (٥٩٠٠، ٥٩٠١)، والآداب (٦٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٠٩، ٢٧٦٤٣)، وأبو داود (٣٧٧٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٠٨).\n(^٣) فى ص ٨، م: \"انهسوه\". بالسين. قال فى عون المعبود ٣/ ٤١٠: \"انهسوه\" بالسين المهملة، وفى بعض النسخ: وانهشوه بالشين المعجمة، والنهس بالمهملة أخذ اللحم بأطراف الأسنان، وبالمعجمة الأخذ بجميعها.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٧٨)، من طريق أبى معشر به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٠٧).","vol":"15","page":63},{"text":"١٤٧٤٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ أيّوبَ بنِ سَلَمُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ حَسّانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n١٤٧٤٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ الجَكَّانِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ أباه عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ أخبَرَه أنَّه رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَحتَزُّ مِن كَتِفِ شاةٍ فى يَدِه، فدُعِىَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ فأَلقاها والسِّكينَ التى كان يَحتَزُّ بها، ثُمَّ قامَ فصَلَّى ولَم يَتَوَضّأْ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\nوفِى هَذا دَلالَةٌ على جَوازِ قَطعِه بالسِّكّينِ، وأَنَّ الخَبَرَ الَّذِى قَبلَه إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ به -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ- أنَّه إذا نَهَشَه (^٥) كان أطيَبَ كالخَبَرِ الأوَّلِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3184>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الطَّعامِ الحارِّ</span>\n\n١٤٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٩٨).\n(^٢) فى م: \"الحكانى\". بالحاء.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٦٤٥). وتقدم فى (٧٢٢، ٧٢٣، ٧٤٢) وغيرها.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٤٠٨)، ومسلم (٣٥٥/ ٩٢، ٩٣).\n(^٥) فى ص ٨، م: \"نهسه\".","vol":"15","page":64},{"text":"ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى قُرَّةُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ -﵄-، أنَّها كانَت إذا ثَرَدَت غَطَّته شَيئًا حَتَّى يَذهَبَ فَورُه، ثُمَّ تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّه أعظَمُ لِلبَرَكَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايِينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الاسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا سُوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أُتِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَومًا بطَعامٍ سُخنٍ فقالَ: \"ما دَخَلَ بَطنِى طَعامٌ سخنٌ مُنذُ كَذا وكَذا قَبلَ اليَومِ\" (^٢). وهَذا إن صَحَّ فيَحتَمِلُ مَعنَى الأوَّلِ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَه.\n\n١٤٧٤٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يُؤكَلُ طَعامٌ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ بُخارُه (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٤٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ فائضٍ اللَّخمِىِّ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- بإِيلِياءَ قاعِدًا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٢٠٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٥٨، ٢٦٩٥٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٥٠) عن سويد به. وقال البوصيرى فى الزوائد: إسناده حسن، وسويد مختلف فيه، وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٩٠٦).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣١٦ عقب (٦٦٢)، والشعب (٥٥١٤، ٥٩١٠).","vol":"15","page":65},{"text":"فأُتِىَ بقَصعَةٍ تَفورُ فوُضِعَت بَينَ يَدَيه فقالَ: دَعوها حَتَّى يَذهَبَ بَعضُ حَرارَتِها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3185>بابُ ما جاءَ فى كَراهيَةِ القِرانِ بَيَن التَّمرَتَينِ حَتَّى يَستأمِرَ أصحابَهُ</span>\n\n١٤٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ [محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^١) بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا جَبَلَةُ بنُ سُحَيمٍ قال: أصابَنا عامُ سَنَةٍ مَعَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فرَزَقَنا تَمرًا، فكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَمُرُّ بنا ونَحنُ نأكُلُ فيَقولُ: لا تُقارِنوا؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الإقرانِ. ثُمَّ قال: إلَّا أن يَستأذِنَ الرَّجُلُ أخاه. قال شُعبَةُ: الإذنُ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عمَرَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3186>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَفتيشِ التَّمرِ عِندَ الأكلِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ جَبَلَةَ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ أبو قُتَيبَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"أحمد بن محمد\"، وضرب على: \"أحمد بن\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣١٦ (٦٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٣٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٢٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٣١) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٨٣٤)، والترمذى (١٨١٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٣١) من طريق جبلة بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٤٤٦)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٥/ ١٥٠).","vol":"15","page":66},{"text":"هَمّامٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: أُتِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بتَمرٍ عَتيقٍ، فجَعَلَ يُفَتِّشُه يُخرِجُ السُّوسَ مِنه (^١).\n\n١٤٧٥٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُؤتَى بالتَّمرِ فيه دودٌ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى النَّهىِ عن شَقِّ التَّمرَةِ عَمّا فى جَوفِها (^٣). فإِن صحَّ فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ- إذا كان التَّمرُ جَديدًا، والَّذِى رُوِّيناه ورَدَ فى التَّمرِ إذا كان عَتيقًا.\n\n١٤٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أن يَضَعَ النَّوَى مَعَ التَّمرِ على الطَّبَقِ. وهَذا مَوقوفٌ على أنَسٍ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3187>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الجَمعِ بَيَن لَونَينِ فى الأكلِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٨٦)، وأبو داود (٣٨٣٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٣٣) من طريق أبى قتيبة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٦٩٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٣٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٨٣ - ٥٨٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى الشعب (٥٨٩٠) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. والحربى فى غريب الحديث ٢/ ٨٦١ من طريق حميد به.","vol":"15","page":67},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو العباسِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَرْوَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يأكُلُ القِثاءَ بالرُّطَبِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِالعَزيزِ الأُوَيسِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ نُصيرٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلُ الطَّبِّيخَ (^٣) بالرُّطَبِ فيَقولُ: \"نَكسِرُ حَرَّ هَذا ببَردِ هَذا، وبَردَ هَذا بحَرِّ هَذا\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3188>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الأكلِ والشُّربِ قائمًا</span>\n\n١٤٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ وأَبَانٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤١)، وأبو داود (٣٨٣٥)، والترمذى (١٨٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٢٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٤٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٣/ ١٤٧).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"البطيخ\". والطَّبِّيخ: تقديم الطاء لغة فى البِطَّيخ بوزنه. فتح البارى ٩/ ٥٧٣.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٨٣٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٨٤٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٢٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٤٦) من طريق هشام بن عروة به مختصرًا.","vol":"15","page":68},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُدْبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- زَجَرَ عن الشُّربِ قائمًا. قال قَتادَةُ: فقُلنا: فالأكلُ؟ قال: ذاكَ أشَرُّ وأَخبَثُ. لَيسَ فى حَديثِ عَفّانَ قَولُ قَتادَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبى عيسَى الأُسوارِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- زَجَرَ عن الشُّربِ قائمًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَدّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٩٧٩)، وفى الآداب ص ٣١٨ (٦٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣٢٣) من طريق هدبة بن خالد به. وأبو داود (٣٧١٧)، والترمذى (١٨٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٢٤) من طريق قتادة به، وبعضهم لم يذكر قول قتادة.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٤/ ١١٢)، وفيه: \"هداب بن خالد\". وهداب هو هدبة. ينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٤١٢، وتقريب التهذيب ٢/ ٣١٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٩٨٨) عن هدبة به. وأحمد (١١٢٧٨، ١١٥٠٩) من طريق همام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٢٥/ ١١٤).","vol":"15","page":69},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا مَرْوانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا أبو غَطَفانَ المُرِّىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَشرَبَنَّ أحَدُكُم قائمًا، فمَن شَرِبَ فَلْيَستَقِئْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ العَلاءِ عن مَرْوانَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو يَعلَمُ الَّذِى يَشرَبُ وهو قائمٌ ما فى بَطنِه لاستَقاءَ\" (^٣). كَذا أتَى به مَوصولًا.\n\n١٤٧٥٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو يَعلَمُ الَّذِى يَشرَبُ وهو قائمٌ ما فى بَطنِه لاستَقاءَه\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٥٩ - قال: وأخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَ حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ، قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا -﵁- فدَعا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٨٨١٢) من طريق عمر بن حمزة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٦/ ١١٦). وعنده: \"فمن نسى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٨٠٥٠) من طريق زهير بن محمد به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٦١: هذا منكر.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٨٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢١٠١) من طريق معمر به. وأحمد (٧٨٠٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣٢٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به، وعندهما: الزهرى عن رجل عن أبى هريرة.","vol":"15","page":70},{"text":"بماءٍ فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا النَّهىُ الَّذِى ورَدَ فيما ذَكَرنا مِنَ الأخبارِ إمّا أن يَكونَ نَهىَ تَنزيهٍ، أو نَهىَ تَحريمٍ (^٢) صارَ مَنسوخًا بما:\n\n١٤٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بزَمزَمَ فاستَسقَى فأَتَيتُه بدَلوٍ مِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٦١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ دَيْزِيلَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شَرِبَ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٨٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٨٠٩)، وابن حبان عقب (٥٣٢٤)، وعندهما بدون قصة على -﵁-.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، ص ٨، م: \"ثم\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٣٧٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٢٧) عقب (١٢٠).\n(^٥) فى م: \"يشرب\".","vol":"15","page":71},{"text":"قائمًا مِن زَمزَمَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ شاذانَ قال: سَقَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- مِن زَمزَمَ فشَرِبَ وهو قائمٌ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ سَبْرَةَ قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ -﵁- بإِناءٍ فى الرَّحْبَةِ فشَرِبَ قائمًا. قال: فكانَ أُناسٌ يَكرَهُ أحَدُهُم أن يَشرَبَ قائمًا، وإِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعَلَ كما رأيتُمونِى فعَلتُ. ثُمَّ أخَذَ مِنَ الماءِ. قال: فأُراه قال (^٣): مَسَحَ وجهَه ويَدَيْهِ ورِجلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قال: هَذا وُضوءُ مَن لَم يُحدِثْ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ مِهرانَ حَدَّثَه عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) معجم ابن الأعرابى (١٧٤٢). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٢٧٩) عن عباس الدورى به. والطبرانى (١٢٥٧٤) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وتقدم فى (٩٣٧١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٦١٧).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة عقب (١٦) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وأحمد (١٢٢٣)، وأبو داود (٣٧١٨) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٦١٥). وقوله: ثم أخذ من الماء. إلى آخر الخبر، ليس عنده من رواية أبى نعيم.","vol":"15","page":72},{"text":"قال: أمّا أنا فآكُلُ قائمًا وأَشرَبُ قائمًا (^١).\n\n١٤٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عُطارِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَشرَبُ قِيامًا ونأكُلُ ونَحنُ نَسعَى (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىُّ قال: كان سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وعائشَةُ -﵄- لا يَرَيانِ بالشُّربِ قائمًا بأسًا؛ كانا يَشرَبانِ وهُما قائمانِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن أبى بكْرَةَ أنَّه شَرِبَ (^٤) قائمًا (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3189>بابُ الأكلِ مُتَّكِئًا</span>\n\n١٤٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن علىِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٤٧٢) من حديث ابن عمر بلفظ: إنى أشرب وأنا قائم وآكل وأنا أمشى. وأيضًا (٢٤٤٧٧) بلفظ: كنا نشرب ونحن قيام، ونأكل ونحن نمشى، على عهد رسول اللَّه -ﷺ-.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٠١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٠١، ٤٧٦٥، ٤٨٣٣) من طريق عمران بن حدير به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٩١).\n(^٤) فى م: \"كان يشرب\".\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٥٤.","vol":"15","page":73},{"text":"الأقمَرِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا جُحَيفَةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"لا آكُلُ مُتَّكِئًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ (^٣) أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ ﵀: المُتَّكِئُ ههنا هو المُعتَمِدُ على الوِطاءِ الَّذِى تَحتَه، [وهو الَّذِى أوكى مَقعَدَتَه وشَدَّها بالقُعودِ على الوِطاءِ الَّذِى تَحتَه] (^٤)، يَعنِى: (^٥) إذا أكَلتُ لَم أقعُدْ مُتمكِّنًا (^٦) على الأوطِئَةِ والوَسائدِ فِعلَ مَن يُريدُ أن يَستَكثِرَ، ولَكِنِّى آكُلُ عُلْقَةً (^٧) فيَكونُ قُعودِى مُستَوفِزًا لَه (^٨)، ورُوِىَ أنَّه كان يأكُلُ مُقعِيًا (^٩) ويُقولُ: \"أنا عبدٌ؛ أكُلُ كما يأكُلُ العَبدُ\" (^١٠).\n\n١٤٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٣٢٠ (٦٧١). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٠٨٥) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (١٨٧٦٤) من طريق مسعر به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٥٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٩٨).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، ص ٨.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"أنى\".\n(^٦) فى الأصل: \"متكئًا\".\n(^٧) العُلْقة: الشئ اليسير الذى فيه بلغة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٤.\n(^٨) استوفز فى قعدته: إذا قعد غير متمكن فى جلوسه كأنه يثور للقيام. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٩) مقعيا: أى: جالسًا على أليته ناصبًا ساقيه، أراد أنه كان يجلس عند الأكل على وركيه مستوفزًا غير متمكن. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٨٩، وصحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٣/ ٢٢٧.\n(^١٠) ينظر معالم السنن للخطابى ٤/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"15","page":74},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- مُقعِيًا يأكُلُ تَمرًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عِرْقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُسرٍ قال: أُهدِىَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شاةٌ والطَّعامُ يَومَئذٍ قَليلٌ، فقالَ لأهلِه: \"أصلِحوا هذه الشّاةَ، وانظُروا إلَى هَذا الخُبزِ فاثرُدوا واغرِفوا عَلَيه\". وكانَت لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَصعَةٌ يُقالُ لَها: الغَرّاءُ. يَحمِلُها أربَعَةُ رِجالٍ، فلَمّا أَضحَوا (^٣) وسَجَدوا الضُّحَى أُتِىَ بتِلكَ القَصعَةِ فالتَفُّوا عَلَيها، فلَمّا كَثُروا جَثا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ أعرابِىٌّ: ما هذه يَعنِى الجِلسَةَ؟ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَنِى عبدًا كَريمًا، ولَم يَجعَلْنِى جَبّارًا عَصِيًّا، كُلوا مِن جَوانِبِها ودَعُوا ذِروَتَها يُبارَكْ فيها\". ثُمَّ قال: \"خُذوا كُلوا، فوالَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَيُفتَحَنَّ عَلَيكُم فارِسُ والرّومُ حَتَّى يَكثُرَ الطَّعامُ فلا يُذكَرَ عَلَيه اسمُ اللَّهِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٦٠)، وأبو داود (٣٧٧١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٧٤٤) من طريق مصعب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٤٤/ ١٤٨).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"أصبحوا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٦٣) عن عمرو بن عثمان به مختصًرا. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٦٣: إسناده صالح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٢٠٧).","vol":"15","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3190>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّنَفُّسِ فى الإِناءِ والنَّفخِ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ الطّائىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ عبدُ القُدُّوسِ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا بالَ أحَدُكُم فلا يَمَسَّنَّ ذَكَرَه بيَمينِه، ولا يَستَنجِى بيَمينِه، ولا يَتَنَفَّسْ فى الإِناءِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ (^٢) بنِ يوسُفَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٧٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمْدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَتَنَفَّسْ فى الإِناءِ، ولا تَنفُخْ فيه\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3191>بابُ الشُّربِ بثَلاثَةِ أنفاسٍ</span>\n\n١٤٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٥٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٦٥) عن أبى المغيرة به. وتقدم فى (٥٤٨).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٧/ ٦٣ - ٦٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٧)، وأبو داود (٣٧٢٨)، والترمذى (١٨٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٢٩) من طريق ابن عيينة به بنحوه. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٧١).","vol":"15","page":76},{"text":"جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ القاضِى قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عَزْرَةُ (^١) بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أَنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه كان يَتَنَفَّسُ فى الِإناءِ مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، وزَعَمَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَتَنَفَّسُ فى الإِناءِ ثَلاثًا. وفِى رِوايَةِ الكوفِىِّ قال: كان أنَسٌ -﵁- (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن عَزْرَةَ (١) بنِ ثابِتٍ (^٣).\nوالمُرادُ به -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ- الشُّربُ بثَلاثَةِ أنفاسٍ.\n\n١٤٧٧٢ - فقَد رَواه مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: حدثنا عَزْرَةُ (١) بنُ ثابِتٍ، حدثنا ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا شَرِبَ تَنَفَّسَ ثَلاثًا. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"عروة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٢٤)، والترمذى عقب (١٨٨٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٨٨٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٤١٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٢٩) من طريق عزرة بن ثابت به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٣١)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٨/ ١٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨٢١١) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٢٢٩٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٨٨٥) من طريق عزرة به.","vol":"15","page":77},{"text":"١٤٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبي عِصامٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا شَرِبَ تَنَفَّسَ ثَلاثًا وقالَ: \"هو أهنأُ وأَمرأُ وأَبرأُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الوارِثِ وهِشامٍ عن أبي عِصامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا شَرِبَ أحَدُكُم فليَمَصٌ مَصًّا ولا يَعُبَّ عَبًّا؛ فإِنَّ الكُبادَ (^٣) مِنَ العَبِّ\" (^٤). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3192>بابُ الكَرْعِ في الماءِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٠٨)، والآداب ص ٣٢٣ (٦٧٨) وفيهما: عاصم. بدل: عصام، وأبو داود (٣٧٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٨٦) من طريق هشام به. والترمذي (١٨٨٤)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣٠) من طريق أبى عصام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٨/ ١٢٣).\n(^٣) الكباد: وجع الكبد. والعبُّ: شرب الماء من غير مص. النهاية ٤/ ١٣٩. وينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٩٤).","vol":"15","page":78},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي العَوّامِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ على رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ حائطَه ومَعَه صاحِبٌ له، فقالَ: \"إن كان عِندَكَ ماءٌ باتَ هذه اللَّيلَةَ في شَنَّةٍ وإِلَّا كَرعنا (^١) \". قال: والرَّجُلُ يُحَوِّلُ الماءَ في حائطِه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، عِندِى ماءٌ باتَ أظُنُّه في شَنَّةٍ، فانطَلِقْ إلَى العَريشِ. قال: فانطَلَقَ فسَكَبَ ماءً في قَدَحٍ ثُمَّ حَلَبَ عَلَيه مِن داجِنٍ (^٢) له. قال: فشَرِبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ شَرِبَ الَّذِى دَخَلَ مَعَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبي عامِرٍ العَقَدِىِّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3193>بابُ اختِناثِ الأسقيَةِ وما يُكرَهُ مِن ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٤٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^٥)، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) الشَّنَّة: القربة البالية، أو هي التي زال شعرها من كثرة الاستعمال. وكرعنا: بفتح الراء وكسرها، أى شربنا بالفم من غير إناء ولا كف. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٩١.\n(^٢) الداجن: الشاة التي ألفت البيوت وأقامت بها. عمدة القارى ١١/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٥٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥١٩) عن أبي عامر به. وأبو داود (٣٧٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣٢)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٤) من طريق فليح به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦١٣).\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"بن عتبة\".","vol":"15","page":79},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن اختِناثِ الأسقيَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الزُهرِيِّ (^٢).\nقال الأصمَعِىُّ: الاختِناثُ أن تُثنَى أفواهُها ثُمَّ يُشرَبَ مِنها (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ المَكِّىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: لَقَد شَرِبَ رَجُلٌ مِن فمِ سِقاءٍ فانسابَ في بَطنِه جانٌّ؛ فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن اختِناثِ الأسقِيَةِ (^٤). إسماعيلُ المَكِّىُّ فيه ضَعفٌ (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٩٩)، وعنه أحمد (١١٨٨٨)، وعند عبد الرزاق: عن عبيد الله أو عن عطاء بن يزيد، معمرٌ شك. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٢٠)، والترمذي (١٨٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٤١٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٧) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٧٥٥٥) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب عن الزهري.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٣) عقب (١١١)، والبخاري (٥٦٢٥، ٥٦٢٦).\n(^٣) ذكره أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠١٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٤٨٦) عن يزيد بن هارون عن ابن أبي ذئب. بدل: إسماعيل المكي.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٣١٥٠).","vol":"15","page":80},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أُخبِرُكُم بأَشياءَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَشرَبْ أحَدُكُم مِن في السِّقاءِ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٧٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ السَّخْتِيانِىُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ قال: ألا أُخبِرُكُم بأَشياءَ قِصارٍ سَمِعناها مِن أبى هريرةَ؟ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُشرَبَ مِن فمِ السِّقاءِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٧٨٠ - وفِي رِوايَةِ إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ بإِسنادِه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى أن يَشرَبَ الرَّجُلُ مِن في السِّقاءِ. قال أيّوبُ: نُبِّئتُ أنَّ رَجُلًا شَرِبَ مِن في السِّقاءِ فخَرَجَت حَيَّةٌ.\nأَخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلٌ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: حدثنا إسماعيلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٧٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) الحميدي (١١٤١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٢٠) من طريق أيوب به. وتقدم في (١١٤٨٨). وسيأتي في (١٩٥٠٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٢٧).\n(^٤) أحمد (٧١٥٣، ١٠٣٢٠). وأخرجه البخاري (٥٦٢٨) من طريق إسماعيل به، دون قول أيوب في آخره. وسيأتي في (١٧٥٥٦).","vol":"15","page":81},{"text":"ورَواه خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٤٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُشرَبَ مِن في السِّقاءِ وقالَ: \"إنَّه يُنتِنُه\" (^٢). هَكَذا رُوِىَ مُرسَلًا.\nوأَمّا الَّذِى رُوِىَ في الرُّخصَةِ في ذَلِكَ فأَخبارُ النَّهىِ أصَحُّ إسنادًا، وقَد حَمَلَه بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ على ما لَو كان السِّقاءُ مُعَلَّقًا؛ فلا تَدخُلُه هَوامُّ الأرضِ، وقَد ذَكَرناه في كِتابِ \"المعرفة\" وكِتابِ \"الجامع\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3194>بابٌ: الأيمَنُ فالأيمَنُ في الشُّربِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ حَيّانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٥٦٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٦) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٤٢٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٩٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٧٦ من طريق هشام به، وعند عبد الرزاق جعل قوله: فإنه ينتنه. من قول هشام.\n(^٣) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٣٥٧)، وشعب الإيمان عقب (٦٠٢٧). وكتاب الجامع هو شعب الإيمان.","vol":"15","page":82},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ وأَنا ابنُ عَشرِ سِنينَ، وماتَ وأَنا ابنُ عِشرينَ سنةً، وكُنَّ أُمَّهاتِى يَحثُثْنَنِى على خِدمَتِه، فدَخَلَ عَلَينا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - دارَنا، فحَلَبنا له مِن شاةٍ لَنا داجِنٍ فَشِيبَ (^١) له مِن بئرٍ في الدّارِ، وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عن شِمالِه، وأَعرابِىٌّ عن يَمينِه، وعُمَرُ - ﵁ - ناحيَةً، فشَرِبَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أعطِ أبا بكرٍ. فناوَلَ الأعرابِىَّ وقالَ: \"الأيمَنَ فالأيمَنَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ سَعدانَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٤٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ بشَرابٍ فشَرِبَ مِنه، وعن يَمينِه غُلامٌ، وعن\n_________\n(^١) أي: خُلط. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٦٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٣٤)، وسعدان في جزئه (١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٧٧)، عن سفيان به. وأبو داود (٣٧٢٦)، والترمذي (١٨٩٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٦١، ٦٨٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٢٥)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣٣) من طريق الزهري بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٢٩/ ١٢٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٥٢، ٥٦١٢، ٥٦١٩)، ومسلم (٢٠٢٩/ ١٢٤).","vol":"15","page":83},{"text":"يَسارِه أشياخٌ، فقالَ لِلغُلامِ: \"أتأذَنُ لِى أن أُعطِىَ هَؤُلاءِ؟ (^١) \". فقالَ الغُلامُ: لا واللهِ لا أُوثِرُ بنَصيبِى مِنكَ أحَدًا. قال: فتَلَّه (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في يَدِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ وقُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3195>بابٌ: ساقِى القَومِ آخِرُهُم</span>\n\n١٤٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي المُختارِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى أَوْفَى قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فأَصابَ النّاسَ عَطَشٌ، فنَزَلَ مَنزِلًا، فجَعَلَ أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَقولونَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ اشرَبْ، يا رسولَ اللهِ اشرَبْ. فقالَ: \"ساقِى القَومِ آخِرُهُم، ساقِى القَومِ آخِرُهُم\" (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ موسَى،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"يا غلام\".\n(^٢) تله: وضعه. وحكى في فتح الباري ١٠/ ٨٧ عن الخطابى: وضعه بعنف في يده. والذي في \"أعلام الحديث\" ٢/ ١٢١٨: فتله: معناه دفعه إليه وأصل التل ضربك الشيء على المكان بقوة.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب ص ٣٢٧ (٦٨٩)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٢٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٨٢٤)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٦٨) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٤٥١، ٢٦٠٢، ٢٦٠٥، ٥٦٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٠٣٠/ ١٢٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩١٢١، ١٩٤١٢)، وأبو داود (٣٧٢٥) مختصرًا من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٦٨).","vol":"15","page":84},{"text":"أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي المُختارِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي أَوْفَى - ﵁ - قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصابَهُم عَطَشٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسقيهِم، فقيلَ: ألَا تَشرَبُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"ساقِى القَومِ آخِرُهُم\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا هَذا في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن أبي قَتادَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3196>بابُ ما يقولُ إذا فرَغَ مِنَ الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ المُلائىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ثَورٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - ﵁ - قال: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إذا رَفَعَ مائدَتَه قال: \"الحَمدُ للهِ كَثيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبارَكًا فيه، غَيرَ مَكْفِيٍّ ولا مُوَدَّعٍ ولا مُستَغنًى عنه رَبَّنا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٤).\nزادَ غَيرُه فيه: \"حَمدًا كَثيرًا\":\n\n١٤٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٩٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٢١٤ - ٣٢١٦)، دون ذكر موضع الشاهد ولكنه مذكور في مصادر التخريج. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٧٧) مختصرًا، والترمذي (١٨٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٣٣٨)، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٧٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٩٧) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٠٠)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٩)، والترمذي (٣٤٥٦) من طريق ثور به. وينظر فتح الباري ٩/ ٥٨١.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٤٥٨).","vol":"15","page":85},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ المُجَوِّزُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَعدانَ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا رُفِعَ العَشاءُ مِن بَينِ يَدَيه قال: \"الحَمدُ للهِ حَمدًا كَثيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبارَكًا، غَيرَ مَكفِيٍّ ولا مُوَدَّعٍ ولا مُستَغنًى عنه رَبَّنا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: إذا فرَغَ مِن طَعامِه. قال: وقالَ مَرَّةً: [إذا رَفَعَ مائدَتَه قال: \"الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى كَفانا وأَرْوانا غَيرَ مَكفِيٍّ ولا مَكفورٍ\". قال: وقالَ مَرَّةً] (^٢): \"لَكَ الحَمدُ رَبَّنا غَيرَ مَكفِيٍّ ولا موَدَّعٍ ولا مُستَغنًى رَبَّنا\" (^٣).\nوفيه أخبارٌ أُخَرُ قَد ذَكَرناها في كِتابِ \"الدَّعَوات\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3197>بابُ الدُّعاءِ لِرَبِّ الطَّعامِ</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُسرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حينَ نَزَلَ على أبيه وقالَ: ادعُ لَنا. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُم بارِكْ لَهُم فيما رَزَقتَهُم، واغفِرْ لَهُم وارحَمْهُم\" (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٨٨ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٩١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢٨٤) من طريق ثور به. وأحمد (٢٢٢٥٦، ٢٢٣٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١١٥)، وابن حبان (٥٢١٧) من طريق خالد بن معدان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) ليس في: س.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٥٩).\n(^٤) الدعوات الكبير (٤٥١ - ٤٥٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٤٧١٣).","vol":"15","page":86},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أو غَيرِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استأذَنَ على سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: \"السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم (^١) ورَحمَةُ اللهِ\". قال سَعدٌ: وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ. ولَم يُسمِعِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، حَتَّى سَلَّمَ ثَلاثًا ورَدَّ عَلَيه سَعدٌ ثَلاثًا ولَم يُسمِعْه، فرَجَعَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، فاتَّبَعَه سَعدٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بأَبِى أنتَ، ما سَلَّمتَ تَسليمَةً إلَّا وهِىَ بأُذُنِى، ولَقَد رَدَدتُ عَلَيكَ ولَم أُسمِعْكَ؛ أحبَبتُ أن أستَكثِرَ مِن سَلامِكَ ومِنَ البَرَكَةِ. ثُمَّ دَخَلوا البَيتَ، فقَرَّبَ له زَبيبًا فأَكَلَ نَبِىُّ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: \"أكَلَ طَعامَكُمُ الأبرارُ، وصَلَّتْ عَلَيكُمُ المَلائكَةُ، وأَفطَرَ عِندَكُمُ الصّائمونَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٨٩ - ورَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الضُّبَعِىُّ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَزورُ الأنصارَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً في دُخولِه على سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بمَعنَى هَذا، ولَم يَشُكَّ. أخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي الشَّوارِبِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3198>بابُ ما جاءَ في النِّثارِ في الفَرَحِ</span>\n\n١٤٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"عليك\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٢١٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٦٠٨)، وفى الدعوات الكبير (٤٦٠). وأخرجه البزار (٦٨٧٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٥٧٧) من طريق محمد بن عبد الملك به.","vol":"15","page":87},{"text":"أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ - وهو جَدُّه أبو أُمِّه - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن النُّهْبَى والمُثْلَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا نَصرُ (^٣) بنُ حَمّادٍ أبو الحارِثِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ غُلامًا مِنَ الكُتّابِ حَذِقَ (^٤)، فأَمَرَ أبو مَسعودٍ فاشتَرَى لِصِبيانِه بدِرهَمٍ جَوْزًا، وكَرِهَ النَّهْبَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ أبا مَسعودٍ كَرِهَ نِهابَ الغِلمانِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٦٠٩، ١٢٩٨٩). وسيأتي في (١٨٠٩٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٧٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"أبو نصر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٤) حذق: ختم القرآن. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ١٤٥ (ح ذ ق).\n(^٥) في ص ٨، م: \"النهبى\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٦٥ من طريق نصر بن حماد، وفيه: قيس. بدل: خالد، وفى آخره: كره جوز الثمن. بدل: كره النهب.\n(^٦) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٦٥.","vol":"15","page":88},{"text":"١٤٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ المَيدانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: كَرِهَ نِهابَ العُرسِ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدٍ الطّائىُّ بمَنْبِجَ (^٣)، حدثنا فَرَحُ (^٤) بنُ رَواحَةَ الطّائىُّ المَنبِجِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يُنثَرَ السُّكَّرُ. وقالَ عامِرٌ: لا بأسَ بهِ. وقالَ محمدٌ: أدرَكتُ رِجالًا صالِحَينَ إذا أُتوا بالسُّكَّرِ وضَعوه وكَرِهوا أن يُنثَرَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: كُنتُ أمشِى بَينَ إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ فذَكَروا نِثارَ العُرسِ، فكَرِهَ إبراهيمُ ولَم يَكرَهِ الشَّعبِىُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٠٦٥. وأخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٢٤٤ (٦٧٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٦٥ من طريق ابن أبي عدى به، وفيه: النهبة في العرس.\n(^٣) منبج: بلد قديم كبير واسع، بينه وبين الفرات ثلاثة فراسخ، وإلى حلب عشرة فراسخ. مراصد الاطلاع ٣/ ١٣١٦.\n(^٤) في م: \"فرج\" بالجيم. وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٥٥، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ١٠٧١.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة ٧/ ٣٥١ - ٣٥٣، وشرح المعاني للطحاوى ٣/ ٥١.\n(^٦) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥١ من طريق على بن الجعد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٤١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"15","page":89},{"text":"١٤٧٩٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا شُعبَةُ عن حُصَينٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّه كَرِهَه (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ في الرُّخصَةِ فيه أحاديثُ كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ؛ فمِنها ما:\n\n١٤٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ ورّاقُ عبدانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ سعيدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ (^٢)، عن مَنصورِ ابنِ صَفيَّةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَ بَعضَ نِسائهِ فنُثِرَ عَلَيه التَّمرُ (^٣). الحَسَنُ بنُ عَمرٍو هو ابنُ سَيفٍ العَبدِىُّ (^٤)، بَصرِىٌّ عِندَه غَرائبُ.\nومنها ما:\n\n١٤٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى بنِ كَعبٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣١). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٠ من طريق على بن الجعد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٤١٥) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٢) كذا بالنسخ، وفى الكامل: مطيب. وينظر ترجمة القاسم بن مطيب في تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤٤٧ حيث ذكر أنه روى عن الحسن بن عمرو، وروى عه منصور ابن صفية، ولم نجد ترجمة للقاسم بن عطية، فلعل الصواب: مطيب.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٧٤١. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ١٠/ ٣٣٧ من طريق منصور به بنحوه.\n(^٤) ويقال في نسبه: الباهلى، ويقال: الهذلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٩٩، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٠٨، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ١٦٥. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٦٩: متروك.","vol":"15","page":90},{"text":"أبيه (^١)، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إذا زَوَّجَ أو تَزَوَّجَ نَثَرَ تَمرًا (^٢). عاصِمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بَصرِىٌّ، رَماه عمرُو بنُ عليٍّ بالكَذِبِ ونَسَبَه إلَى وضعِ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nومنها ما:\n\n١٤٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عُروةَ البُنْدارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عِصمَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الخَزّازُ (^٤)، حدثنا لُمازَةُ (^٥) بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - قال: شَهِدَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إملاكَ (^٦) رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِه فقالَ: \"على الأُلفَةِ والطَّيرِ المأمونِ (^٧) والسَّعَةِ في الرِّزقِ، بارَكَ اللهُ لَكُم، دَفِّفوا على رأسِه\". قال: فجِئَ بدُفٍّ، وجِئَ بأَطباقٍ عَلَيها فاكِهَةٌ وسُكَّرٌ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"انتَهِبوا\". فقالوا (^٨):\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أمه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٧٧ من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٣) هو عاصم بن سليمان العبدى البصري أبو شعيب. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٤٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٨٧٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٦٨.\n(^٤) في س: \"الخزار\"، وفي م: \"الجرار\". وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٣/ ٣٥١، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٥) ضبط ابن حجر اسم \"لمازة\" في التبصير ٣/ ١٢٢٨ بضم اللام، وضبطه في التقريب ٢/ ١٣٨ بكسرها. فالله أعلم.\n(^٦) الإملاك: التزويج وعقد النكاح. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٧) في س، ص ٨: \"الميمون\".\n(^٨) في م: \"فقال\".","vol":"15","page":91},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ، أوَلَم تَنهَنا عن النُّهبَةِ؟ قال: \"إنَّما نَهَيتُكُم عن نُهبَةِ العَساكِرِ، أمّا العُرُساتِ فلا\". قال: فجاذَبَهُمُ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وجاذَبوه (^١).\nفِي إسنادِه مَجاهيلُ وانقِطاعٌ. وقَد رُوِىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَجهولٍ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ (^٢). ولا يَثبُتُ في هَذا البابِ شَئٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ لُحَيٍّ (^٣)، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُرْطٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ الأيّامِ عِندَ اللهِ يَومُ النَّحرِ، ثُمَّ يَومُ القَرِّ (^٤) وهو الَّذِى يَليه\". قال: فقُدِّمْنَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَدَناتٌ خَمسٌ أو سِتٌّ، فطَفِقنَ يَزدَلِفنَ إلَيه بأَيَّتِهِنَّ يَبدأُ، فلَمّا وجَبَت جُنوبُها تَكَلَّمَ بكَلِمَةٍ خَفِيَّةٍ لَم أفهَمْها، فقُلتُ لِلَّذِى يَلينِى: ما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: \"مَن شاءَ اقتَطَعَ\" (^٥). إسنادُه حَسَنٌ إلَّا أنَّه يُفارِقُ النِّثارَ في المَعنَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٩٧ (١٩١) من طريق عصمة بن سليمان به، وزاد: حازم مولى بنى هاشم بين عصمة ولمازة. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٠ من طريق لمازة بن المغيرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ١/ ١٤٢، والطبراني في الأوسط (١١٨) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"نجى\"، وفى س، ص ٨: \"يحيى\". وتقدم على الصواب في (١٠٣٠٨، ١٠٣٣٤). وينظر تقريب التهذيب ١/ ٤٤٤.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"النفر\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٣٠٨، ١٠٣٣٤).","vol":"15","page":92},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3199>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ مِن إظهارِ النِّكاحِ وإِباحَةِ الضَّربِ بالدُّفِّ عَلَيه وما لا يُستَنكَرُ مِنَ القَولِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الأسوَدِ القُرَشِىُّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أعلِنوا النِّكاحَ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الأسوَدِ عن عامِرٍ.\n\n١٤٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا [محمدُ بنُ] (^٢) عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: نَقَلْنا امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى زَوجِها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل كان مَعَكُم لَهوٌ؟ فإِنَّ الأنصارَ يُحِبُّونَ اللَّهوَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ يَعقوبَ عن محمدِ بنِ سابِقٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: زُفَّتِ امرأةٌ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، عن خالِدِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٥٩٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٣٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠٦٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في م: \"أبو عبد الله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٠٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٣، ١٨٤.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥١٦٢).","vol":"15","page":93},{"text":"الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذِ بنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فدَخَلَ علىَّ صَبيحَةَ بُنِىَ بى، فجَلَسَ على فِراشِى كَمَجلِسِكَ مِنِّى، فجَعَلَت جُوَيْرِيَاتٌ يَضرِبنَ بدُفٍّ لَهُنَّ، ويَندُبنَ مَن قُتِلَ مِن آبائى يَومَ بَدرٍ إلَى أن قالَت إحداهُنَّ: وفينا نَبِىٌّ يَعلَمُ ما في غَدٍ (^١). فقالَ: \"دَعِى هَذا وقولِى الَّذِى كُنتِ تَقولينَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عَمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ عَمْرَةَ بنتَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالَت: كان النِّساءُ إذا تَزَوَّجَتِ المَرأَةُ أوِ الرَّجُلُ خَرَجَ جَوارٍ (^٤) مِن جَوارِى الأنصارِ يُغَنّينَ ويَلعَبنَ. قالَت: فمَرّوا في مَجلِسٍ فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهُنَّ يُغَنِّينَ، وهُنَّ يَقُلنَ:\nأهدَى لَها زَوجُها أكبُشَ ... تَبَحْبَحْنَ (^٥) في المِربَدِ\nوزَوجُها في النّادِى ... يَعلَمُ ما في غَدِ\n_________\n(^١) قال القسطلانى: هي بسكون الدال في اليونينية وفرعها، وبالخفض منونًا في غيرهما. إرشاد السارى ٨/ ٥٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٩٢٢). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٠٩٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٥٦٣)، وا بن حبان (٥٨٧٨) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأحمد (٢٧٠٢١، ٢٧٠٢٧)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٧) من طريق خالد بن ذكوان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥١٤٧).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"جوارى\".\n(^٥) في م: \"يبحبحن\".","vol":"15","page":94},{"text":"وإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قامَ إلَيهِنَّ فقالَ: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ! لا يَعلَمُ ما في غَدٍ أحَدٌ (^١) إلَّا اللهُ؛ لا تَقولوا هَكَذا، وقولوا:\nأتَيناكُم أتَيناكُم ... فحَيّانا وحَيّاكُم\" (^٢)\nهَذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n١٤٨٠٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمِ ابنُ أبي الفَضلِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السّامِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو أُوَيسِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، [أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -] (^٣) سَمِعَ ناسًا يُغَنُّونَ في عُرسٍ وهُم يَقولونَ:\nوأُهدِىَ لَها أكبُشٌ ... تَبَحْبَحْنَ (^٤) في المِربَدِ\nوحِبُّكِ في النّادِى ... ويَعلَمُ ما في غَدِ\nأو قال يَحيَى:\nوزَوجُكِ في النّادِى ... ويَعلَمُ ما في غَدِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٠٤). وذكره الدارقطني في العلل ١٥/ ١٥٨ عن سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٤) في م: \"يبحبحن\".","vol":"15","page":95},{"text":"قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَعلَمُ ما في غَدٍ إلَّا اللَّهُ سُبحانَه\". ولَيسَ في حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ: أو قال يَحيَى: وزَوجُكِ في النّادِى (^١).\n\n١٤٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ البُزارِىُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الفُضَيلُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها أنكَحَت ذا قَرابَةٍ لَها مِنَ الأنصارِ، فجاءَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أَهدَيتُمُ الفَتاةَ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فأَرسَلتُم مَن يُغَنِّى؟ \". قالَت: لا. قال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الأنصارَ قَومٌ فيهِم غَزَلٌ؛ فلَو أرسَلتُم مَن يقولُ:\nأتَيناكُم أتَيناكُم ... فحَيّانا وحَيّاكُم\" (^٣)\n\n١٤٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٤، ١٨٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وفيه: ينحنحن. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٤٠١) وعنده: تنحنح، وفى الصغير ١/ ١٢٤ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أويس به.\n(^٢) في الأصل بالزاى المنقوطة بثلاث، وفي حاشية م: كذا في مص بثلاث نقط فوق الزاى. وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٣٧.\nوالزاى المنقوطة بثلاث نقط هكذا (ز) تنطق في اللغة الفارسية كحرف الجيم المعطش الرخو، وليس الشديد كما في الفصحى.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٤١٨ من طريق الأجلح به. وقال ابن عدى عقب الحديث:. . . وعزيز غريب من قال: عن جابر عن عائشة.","vol":"15","page":96},{"text":"عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عامِرَ بنَ سَعدٍ البَجَلِىَّ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ ثابِتَ بنَ وَديعَةَ وقَرَظَةَ بنَ كَعبٍ الأنصارِىَّ في عُرسٍ، وإِذا غِناءٌ، فقُلتُ لَهُما في ذَلِكَ، فقالا: إنَّه قَد رُخِّصَ في الغِناءِ في العُرسِ، والبُكاءِ على المَيِّتِ في غَيرِ نياحَةٍ (^١).\nورَواه إسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ كما:\n\n١٤٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ البَجَلِىِّ قال: دَخَلتُ على قَرَظَةَ بنِ كَعبٍ وأَبِى مَسعودٍ - وذَكَرَ ثالِثًا، قال عبدُ المَلِكِ: ذَهَبَ علىَّ - وجَوارِى يَضرِبْنَ بالدُّفِّ ويُغَنِّينَ، فقُلتُ: تُقِرُّونَ على هَذا وأَنتُم أصحابُ محمدٍ - ﷺ -؟! قالوا: إنَّه قَد رُخِّصَ لَنا في العُرُساتِ، والنّياحَةِ عِندَ المُصيبَةِ (^٢).\nورَواه شَريكٌ بمَعناه وذَكَرَ قَرَظَةَ وأَبا مَسعودٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: وفِي البُكاءِ عِندَ المُصيبَةِ. قال شَريكٌ: أُراه قال: في غَيرِ نَوْحٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٣١٧). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٤ من طريق شعبة به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٢٥٠)، وابن منيع - كما في المطالب العالية (١٨١٨) من طريق إسرائيل به مختصرًا، والذي عند ابن أبي شيبة ليس فيه موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٣٨٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٩٤ من طريق شريك به.","vol":"15","page":97},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا أبو بَلْجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حاطِبٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"فَصْلٌ بَينَ الحَلالِ والحَرامِ الصَّوتُ وضَربُ الدُّفِّ في النِّكاحِ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عَن. فذَكَرَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"والدَّفُّ في النِّكاحِ\". قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَد زَعَمَ بَعضُ النّاسِ أنَّ الدَّفَّ لُغَةٌ، والخَبَرُ (^٢) بالفَتحِ، أمّا قَولُه: الصَّوتُ، فبَعضُ النّاسِ يَذهَبُ به إلَى السَّماعِ، وهَذا خَطأٌ؛ وإِنَّما مَعناه عِندَنا إعلانُ النِّكاحِ واضطِرابُ الصَّوتِ به والذِّكرُ في النّاسِ، وكَذَلِكَ (^٣) قال عُمَرُ (^٤).\nيَعنِى ما:\n\n١٤٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً سِرًّا، فكانَ يَختَلِفُ إلَيها، فرآه جارٌ لَها فقَذَفَه بها، فاستَعدَى عَلَيه عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٥١)، والترمذي (١٠٨٨)، والنسائي (٣٣٦٩)، وابن ماجه (١٨٩٦) من طريق هشيم به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٥٣٨).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والذي عند أبى عبيد: \"الجَنْب\". والمقصود أن آلة الدف يجوز فيها ضم الدال وفتحها، ولكن الخبر ورد بالفتح، والله أعلم. ينظر القاموس المحيط ٣/ ١٣٦ (د ف ف).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"ولذلك\".\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٦٤.","vol":"15","page":98},{"text":"الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: بَيِّنَتَكَ على تَزويجِها؟ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، كان أمرٌ دونٌ، فأَشهَدتُ عَلَيه أهلَها. فدَرأَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الحَدَّ عن قاذِفِه، وقالَ: حَصِّنوا فُروجَ هذه النِّساءِ، وأَعلِنوا هَذا النِّكاحَ. ونَهَى عن المُتعَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان إذا سَمِعَ صَوتًا أو دُفًّا قال: ما هَذا؟ فإِن قالوا: عُرسٌ أو خِتانٌ. صَمَتَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨١٣ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أَصْبَغُ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ إياسٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أظهِروا النِّكاحَ، واضرِبوا عَلَيه بالغِرْبالِ (^٣) \". كَذا قال، وإِنَّما هو خالِدُ بنُ إلياسَ، ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٢٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٥٣٨) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٣٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٥٤٣) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) الغربال: الدف الذي يضرب به، وشبه بالغربال في استدارته. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٢، والتاج ٣٠/ ٨٨ (غربل).\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٩٥)، والخطيب البغدادي في تاريخه ٤/ ١٣٧ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به، وعندهما: خالد بن إلياس.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٢٨٠٢).","vol":"15","page":99},{"text":"أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أعلِنوا هَذا النِّكاحَ، واجعَلوه في المَساجِدِ، واضرِبوا عَلَيه بالدُّفوفِ، وَلْيُولِمْ أحَدُكُم ولَو بشاة، فإِذا خَطَبَ أحَدُكُمُ امرأةً وقَد خَضَبَ بالسَّوادِ فليُعلِمْها؛ لا (^١) يَغُرَّنَّها\" (^٢). عيسَى بنُ مَيمونٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى شِمْرُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ هو وأَصحابُه ببَنِى زُرَيقٍ فسَمِعوا غِناءً ولَعِبًا فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". قالوا: نِكاحُ فُلانٍ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"كَمُلَ دينُه، هَذا النِّكاحُ لا السِّفاحُ ولا نِكاحُ السِّرِّ حَتَّى يُسمَعَ دُفٌّ أو يُرَى دُخانٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٨١٦ - قال حُسَينٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ يَحيَى المازِنِىُّ أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ولا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٠٨٩) من طريق عيسى بن ميمون به مختصرًا دون قوله: وليولم. . . إلخ. وقال: غريب حسن.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٢٦٥). وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٨٧٠: تركوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ١٩٤ عن ابن وهب به. وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٦٩ من طريق حسين بن عبد الله بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":100},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَكرَهُ نِكاحَ السِّرِّ حَتَّى يُضرَبَ بالدُّفِّ (^١). حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3200>بابُ التَّزويجِ والبِناءِ بالمَرأَةِ في شَوَّالٍ</span>\n\n١٤٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ [عُروَةَ، عَن] (^٣) عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في شَوّالٍ، وأُدخِلْتُ عَلَيه في شَوّالٍ، فأَىُّ النِّساءِ كانَت أحظَى عِندَه مِنِّى؟ وكانَت تَستَحِبُّ أن تُدخِلَ نِساءَها في شَوّالٍ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3201>بابُ ذَهابِ النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ في العُرسِ</span>\n\n١٤٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ١٩٤، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٦٧١٢) من طريق حسين بن عبد اللَّه به. وفى المدونة عمرو بن يحيى المازنى عن جده أبى الحسين، وعند عبد اللَّه: عمرو بن يحيى المازنى عن جده أبى حسن، وزاد فيه: ويقال: أتيناكم أتيناكم فحيونا نحييكم.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٣٨٦٢).\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٧٢، ٢٥٧١٦)، والترمذي (١٠٩٣)، والنسائي (٣٢٣٦، ٣٣٧٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠٥٨) من طريق سفيان به. وعند بعضهم مختصر.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٢٣/ ٧٣).","vol":"15","page":101},{"text":"أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ (^١)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ (^٢) - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - رأى نِساءً وصِبيانًا جاءُوا مِن عُرسٍ، فقامَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - إلَيهِم مَثيلًا - يَعنِى ماثِلًا (^٣) - وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكُم مِن أحَبِّ النَّاسِ إلَىَّ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُبارَكِ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"هشام\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"بن مالك\".\n(^٣) مثيل وماثل: كلاهما مشتق من \"مثل\" بفتح الثاء وضمها، أي انتصب قائمًا. ينظر فتح الباري ٩/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٩٧)، ومسلم (٢٥٠٨/ ١٧٤) من طريق عبد العزيز به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٧٨٥، ٥١٨٠).","vol":"15","page":102},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3202>كتابُ القسم والنشوزِ</span>\nقال الشافعيُّ: قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [النساء: ١٩]، وقال: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]. قال: وجماعُ المعروفِ بينَ الزوجَيْنِ كفُّ المكروهِ، وإعفاءُ صاحبِ الحقِّ من المُؤْنةِ في طَلَبِه، لا بإظهارِ الكراهيةِ في تأديتِه، فأيُّهما مَطَل بتأخيرِهِ فمَطْلُ الغنيِّ ظُلْمٌ (^١).\n\n١٤٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - \"كُلُّكُم راعٍ، وكُلُّكُم مَسئولٌ؛ فالأميرُ راعٍ على النّاسِ وهو مَسئولٌ، والرَّجُلُ راعٍ على أهلِه وهو مَسئولٌ، والمَرأَةُ راعيَةٌ على بَيتِ زَوجِها وهِىَ مَسئولَةٌ، والعَبدُ راعٍ على مالِ سَيِّدِه وهو مَسئولٌ، ألا كُلُّكُم راعٍ، وكُلُّكُم مَسئولٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ أبى النُّعمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٨٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٦٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٨٩) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٤٤٩٥) من طريق أيوب به. وسيأتي في (١٦٧١٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥١٨٨)، ومسلم (١٨٢٩) عقب (٢٠).","vol":"15","page":103},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3203>بابُ ما جاءَ في عِظَمِ حَقِّ الزَّوجِ على المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو كُنتُ آمِرًا أحَدًا أن يَسجُدَ لأحَدٍ لأمَرتُ المَرأةَ أن تَسجُدَ لِزَوجِها لِما عَظَّمَ اللهُ مِن حَقِّه عَلَيها\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨٢١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحْمِشٍ الزِّيَادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ النَّخَعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا حُصَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن قَيسٍ قال: قَدِمتُ الحِيرَةَ فرأيتُ أهلَها يَسجُدونَ لِمَرْزُبانٍ (^٢) لَهُم فقُلتُ: نَحنُ كُنّا أحَقَّ أن نَسجُدَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -. فلَمّا قَدِمتُ عَلَيه أخبَرتُه بالَّذِى رأيتُ؛ قُلتُ: نَحنُ كُنّا أحَقَّ أن نَسجُدَ لَكَ. فقالَ: \"لا تَفعَلوا، أرأيتَ لَو مَرَرتَ بقَبرِى أكُنتَ ساجِدًا؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا؛ فإِنِّى لَو كُنتُ آمِرًا أحَدًا (^٣) يَسجُدُ لأحَدٍ لأمَرتُ النِّساءَ أن يَسجُدْنَ لأزواجِهِنَّ لِما جَعَلَ اللهُ مِن حَقِّهِم عَلَيهِنَّ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٥٩) من طريق النضر بن شميل به مختصرًا. وابن حبان (٤١٦٢) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به مطولًا.\n(^٢) المرزبان: معرب، وهو الكبير من الفرس، والجمع المرازبة. المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ١/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"أن\".","vol":"15","page":104},{"text":"رَواه غَيرُه عن شَريكٍ فقالَ: عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ مِحْصنٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى عَمَّتِى قالَت: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ الحاجَةِ فقالَ: \"أىْ هذه، أذاتُ بَعلٍ أنتِ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"كَيفَ أنتِ لَهُ؟ \". قالَت: ما آلُوهُ إلَّا ما عَجَزتُ عَنه. قال: \"فأَينَ أنتِ مِنه؟ فإِنَّما هو جَنَّتُكِ ونارُكِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن نَهارٍ العَبدِىِّ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بابنَةٍ له فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذه ابنَتِى قَد أبَت أن تَزَوَّجَ. فقالَ لَها النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"أطيعِى أباكِ\". فقالَت: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا أتَزَوَّجُ حَتَّى تُخبِرَنِى ما حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على زَوجَتِه. قال: \"حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على زَوجَتِه أَنْ لَو كانَت له قُرحَةٌ فلَحِسَتْها ما أدَّت حَقَّه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٥٠٤)، وأبو داود (٢١٤٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٧ من طريق شريك به، وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٥٧).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٩، والحميدى (٣٥٥). وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي، وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٦٤) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٩٠٠٣، ٢٧٣٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد، وعنده: أن عمة له أتت. . . هكذا مرسلًا. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٥/ ٤١٩.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٨، ١٨٩، وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبي وقال: بل منكر. قال أبو حاتم: ربيعة منكر =","vol":"15","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3204>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيانِ حَقِّه عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٤٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا دَعا الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه إلَى فِراشِه فأَبَتْ فباتَ غَضبانًا لَعَنَتْها المَلائكَةُ حَتَّى تُصبِحَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا باتَتِ المَرأَةُ مُهاجِرَةً (^٣) لِفِراشِ زَوجِها لَعَنَتها المَلائكَةُ حَتَّى تُصبِحَ. أو: تُراجِعَ\" (^٤). شَكَّ أبو داودَ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n= الحديث. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٣٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤١٦٤) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٧٣: مع نكارته إسناده صالح. وينظر صحيح الجامع (٣١٤٨).\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٦٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٧١)، وأبو داود (٢١٤١)، وابن حبان (٤١٧٢، ٤١٧٣) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٢٣٧)، ومسلم (١٤٣٦/ ١٢٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"هاجرة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٠٨)، والطيالسى (٢٥٨٠)، وعنه أحمد (١٠٧٣١). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٧٠)، وابن حبان (٤١٧٤) من طريق شعبة به، وعندهم: ترجع.","vol":"15","page":106},{"text":"في رِوايَةِ بَعضِهِم: \"حَتَّى تُصبِحَ\"، وفِي رِوايَةِ بَعضِهِم: \"حَتَّى تَرجِعَ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى (^٢) بكرٍ، حدثنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بَدرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ طَلقٍ، عن أبيه طَلقِ بنِ عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا الرَّجُلُ دَعا زَوجَتَه لِحاجَتِه فلْتُجِبْه وإِن كانَت على التَّنُّورِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ الإسفَرايِينِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن القاسِمِ الشَّيبانِيِّ (^٤)، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى، أنَّ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - قَدِمَ الشّامَ فرآهُم (^٥) يَسجُدونَ لِبَطارِقَتِهِم (^٦) وأَساقِفَتِهِم (^٧)، فرَوَّى في نَفسِه أن يَفعَل ذَلِكَ باِلنَّبِيِّ (^٨) - ﷺ -، فلَمّا قَدِمَ سَجَدَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥١٩٤)، ومسلم (١٤٣٦) عقب (١٢٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٦٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٧١)، وابن حبان (٤١٦٥) من طريق ملازم به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"الشيعانى\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فوجدهم\".\n(^٦) البطارقة: جمع بِطريق، بكسر الباء، وهو بلغة الشام والروم: القائد من قوادهم. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٥٦.\n(^٧) الأساقفة: جمع أُسْقُف، وهو رئيس النصارى في الدين، أو العالم، أو هو فوق القسيس ودون المطران. القاموس المحيط (س ق ف).\n(^٨) في س، م: \"للنبي\".","vol":"15","page":107},{"text":"لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى قَدِمتُ الشّامَ فرأيتُهُم يَسجُدونَ لِبَطارِقَتِهِم وأَساقِفَتِهِم، فرَوَّيتُ في نَفسِى أن أفعَلَ ذَلِكَ بكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو كُنتُ آمِرًا أحَدًا أن يَسجُدَ لأحَدٍ لأمَرتُ المَرأَةَ أن تَسجُدَ لِزَوجِها؛ فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لا تُؤَدِّى المَرأَةُ حَقَّ رَبِّها ﷿ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّىَ حَقَّ زَوجِها كُلَّه، حَتَّى أن لَو سألَها نَفسَها وهِىَ على قَتَبٍ (^١) أعطَته - أو قال: لَم تَمنَعْه\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّزْجاهِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَصومُ المَرأَةُ وبَعلُها شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِه، ولا تأذَنُ في بَيتِه وهو شاهِدٌ إلَّا بإِذنِه، وما أنفَقَتْ مِن كَسبِه عن (^٣) غَيرِ أمرِه فإِنَّ نِصفَ أجرِه له\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ كما مَضَى (^٦).\n\n١٤٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) القتب: الإكاف الصغير على قدر سنام البعير. القاموس المحيط ١/ ١١٨ (ق ت ب).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٨٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٧١) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (١٩٤٠٣) من طريق أيوب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٥٠٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في م: \"من\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٩٢٦، ٨٥٧٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥١٩٢) مختصرًا.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٠٦٦، ٥٣٦٠)، ومسلم (١٠٢٦/ ٨٤)، وليس عند البخاري موضع الشاهد.","vol":"15","page":108},{"text":"يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتْه فقالَت: ما حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على امرأتِه؟ فقالَ: \"لا تَمنَعُه نَفسَها وإِن كانَت على ظَهرِ قَتَبٍ، ولا تُعطِى مِن بَيتِه شَيئًا إلَّا بإِذنِه، فإِن فعَلَت ذَلِكَ كان له الأجرُ وعَلَيها الوِزرُ، ولا تَصومُ يَومًا تَطَوُّعًا إلَّا بإِذنِه، فإِن فعَلَت (^١) أثِمَت ولَم تُؤجَرْ، ولا تَخرُجُ مِن بَيتِه إلَّا بإِذنِه، فإِن فعَلَت لَعَنَتْها المَلائكَةُ، مَلائكَةُ الغَضَبِ ومَلائكَةُ الرَّحمَةِ حَتَّى تَتوبَ. أو: تُراجِعَ\". قيلَ: وإِن كان ظالِمًا؟ قال: \"وإِن كان ظالِمًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ [محمدِ بنِ] (^٣) رَزينٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أبى الأزهَرِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على زَوجَتِه؟ قال: \"ألَّا تَمنَعَ نَفسَها مِنه ولَو على قَتَبٍ، فإِذا فعَلَت كان عَلَيها إثمٌ\". قالَت: ما حَقُّ الزَّوجِ على زَوجَتِه؟ قال: \"ألَّا تُعطِىَ شَيئًا مِن بَيتِه إلَّا بإِذنِه\". تَفَرَّدَ به لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ (^٤)، فإِن كان حَفِظَهُما فوَجهُ الحديثِ الثّابِتِ قَبلَهُما في إباحَةِ الإنفاقِ مِن بَيتِه، أن تُنفِقَ مِمّا أعطاها الزَّوجُ في قُوتِها، وبِذَلِكَ أفتَى أبو هريرةَ (^٥)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٠٦٣). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٨١١) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٤) وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٧٥: ليس ليث بحجة.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٩٢٩).","vol":"15","page":109},{"text":"١٤٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأُمَوِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَكِيمِىُّ (^١) ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرانِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ الطّائفِىُّ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ يُخامِرَ (^٢) السَّكْسَكِيِّ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لاِمرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تأذَنَ في بَيتِ زَوجِها وهو كارِهٌ، ولا تَخرُجَ وهو كارِهٌ، ولا تُطيعَ فيه أحَدًا، ولا تُخَشِّنَ بصَدرِه (^٣)، ولا تَعتَزِلَ فِراشَه، ولا تَصرِمَه (^٤)، فإِن كان هو أظلَمَ مِنها فَلْتأتِه حَتَّى تُرضيَه، فإِن كان هو قَبِلَ مِنها فبِها ونِعْمَتْ، وقَبِلَ اللهُ عُذرَها وأَفلَجَ حُجَّتَها (^٥)، ولا إثمَ عَلَيها، فإِن هو أبَى أن يَرضَى عَنها فقَد أبلَغَت عِندَ اللهِ عُذرَها\" (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3205>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لَها رِعايَتُه (^٧) لِحَقِّ زَوجِها وإِن لَم يَلزَمْها شَرعًا</span>\n\n١٤٨٣٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"الحكمى\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٢/ ٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ١٦٤.\n(^٢) ضبط بضم الياء وفتحها، ينظر ما تقدم عقب (٣٦٥٣).\n(^٣) خَشَّنَ صَدْرَ فلان، وبصدره: أوغره أي أحماه وسخنه. ينظر التاج ٣٤/ ٤٨٩ (خ ش ن)، والمعجم الكبير ٦/ ٣٩٥ (خ ش ن).\n(^٤) تصرمه: تقطعه. ينظر غريب الحديث للحربى ٣/ ١١٩٩.\n(^٥) أي غَلَّبها على حجة زوجها. وينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٦٨، وإتحاف الخيرة المهرة ٤/ ٥٣٩.\n(^٦) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨٩، ١٩٠ وصححه، وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٧٥: بل منكر وإسناده منقطع. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ١٠٧ (٢١١) من طريق بشر به. وذكر الذهبي أن عطاء لم يدرك مالكًا.\n(^٧) في م: \"رعاية\".","vol":"15","page":110},{"text":"﵀، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هَذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ نِساءٍ رَكِبْنَ الإبِلَ نِساءُ قُرَيشٍ؛ أحناه على ولَدٍ في صِغَرِه، وأَرعاه على زَوجٍ في ذاتِ يَدِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ الأعرَجِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، قالا: حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵄ - قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنِى الزُّبَيرُ وما له في الأرضِ مِن مالٍ ولا مَملوكٍ ولا شَئٍ غَيرَ فرَسِه. قالَت: فكُنتُ أعلِفُ فرَسَه وأَكفِيه مُؤنَتَه وأَسُوسُه، وأَدُقُّ النَّوَى لِناضحِه، وأَستَقِى الماءَ وأَخرِزُ غَربَه (^٣)، وأَعجِنُ، ولم أكُنْ أُحسِنُ أَخبِزُ، فكانَ تَخبِزُ لِى جاراتٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكُنَّ نِسوَةَ صِدقٍ. قالَت: وكُنتُ أنقُلُ النَّوَى مِن أرضِ الزُّبَيرِ التي أقطَعَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على رأسِى، وهِىَ على ثُلُثَىْ فرْسَخٍ. قالَت: فجِئتُ والنَّوَى على\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٥٦)، والآداب (٢١)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٦٠٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٤٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٢٧/ ٢٠٢)، والبخاري (٥٠٨٢، ٥٣٦٥).\n(^٣) خرز: خاط. والغَرْب: الدلو الكبيرة تتخذ من جلد الثور. ينظر المعجم الكبير ٦/ ٢٠٠ (خ ر ز).","vol":"15","page":111},{"text":"رأسِى، فلَقِيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه نَفَرٌ مِن أصحابِه، فدَعانِى ثُمَّ قال: \"إِخْ إِخْ\" (^١). ليَحمِلَنِى خَلفَه. قالَت: فاستَحْيَيْتُ وعَرَفتُ غَيرَتَه، [فقالَ: واللهِ] (^٢) لَحَمْلُكِ على رأسِكِ أشَدُّ مِن رُكوبِكِ مَعَه. قالَت: حَتَّى أرسَلَ إلَىَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بخادِمٍ تَكفينِى سياسَةَ الفَرَسِ، فكأنَّما أعتَقَنِى (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن مَحمودٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، قال سُلَيمانُ: أظُنُّه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: شَكَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - ما تَلقَى مِن أثَرِ الرَّحَى في يَدِها. قال: فذَهَبَتْ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَسأَلُه خادِمًا فلَم تَرَه. [قال: فذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ] (^٥) لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فلَمّا جاءَ ذَكَرَت له. قال: فجاءَنا وقَد أخَذنا مَضاجِعَنا، فذَهَبتُ أقومُ فقالَ: \"مَكانَكِ\". ثُمَّ جَلَسَ بَينَنا حَتَّى وجَدتُ بَرْدَ قَدَمَيه على صَدرِى. فقالَ: \"أَلَا أدُلُكُما على ما هو خَيرٌ لَكُما مِن خادِمٍ؟ إذا أخَذتُما مَضاجِعَكُما فسَبِّحا ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، واحمَدا ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ، وكَبِّرا أربَعًا وثَلاثينَ؛ فهو خَيرٌ لَكُما مِن\n_________\n(^١) إخ إخ: بكسر الهمزة وسكون الخاء، كلمة تقال للبعير ليبرك. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"قالت: قال: فوالله\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٩٢٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٨٢/ ٣٤)، والبخاري (٥٢٢٤).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"قالت: فذكرت ذاك\".","vol":"15","page":112},{"text":"خادِمٍ\" (^١). وقالَ خالِدٌ عن ابنِ سيرينَ: التَّسبيحُ أربَعًا وثَلاثينَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ ولَم يَذكُرِ الشَّكَّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3206>بابُ كَراهيَةِ كُفرانِها مَعروفَ زَوجِها</span>\n\n١٤٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ الخُسوفِ: \"وأُريتُ النّارَ فلَمْ أرَ كاليَومِ مَنظَرًا أفظَعَ، ورأيتُ أكثَرَ أهلِها النِّساءَ\". قالوا: لِمَ (^٤) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"بكُفرِهِنَّ\". قيلَ: أَيَكفُرنَ باللهِ ﷿؟ قال: \"يَكفُرنَ العَشيرَ، ويَكفُرنَ الإحسانَ؛ لَو أحسَنتَ إلَى إحداهُنَّ (^٥) ثُمَّ رأت مِنكَ شَيئًا قالَت: ما رأيتُ مِنكَ خَيرًا قَطُّ\" (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [وجهٍ آخَرَ] (^٧) عن مالكٍ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤١)، وأبو داود (٥٠٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٥٢٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) ذكره البخاري عقب (٦٣١٨) عن شعبة عن خالد به. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١١/ ١٢٣: هذا موقوف على ابن سيرين، وهو موصول بسند حديث الباب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣١٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٢٧) عقب (٨٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"بم\".\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"الدهر\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٦٣٧٤).\n(^٧) في ص ٨، م: \"أوجه أخر\".\n(^٨) البخاري (٢٩، ١٠٥٢)، ومسلم (٩٠٧).","vol":"15","page":113},{"text":"١٤٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمْدانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا شاذُّ بنُ فيّاضٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَنظُرُ اللهُ إلَى امرأةٍ لا تَشكُرُ لِزَوجِها وهِىَ لا تَستَغنِى عنه\" (^١). هَكَذا أتَى به مَرفوعًا، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3207>بابٌ: لا تُطيعُ المَرأَةُ زَوجَها في مَعصيَةٍ </span>(^٣)\n\n١٤٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نافِعٍ المَكِّىُّ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ زَوَّجَتِ ابنَةً لَها، فاشتَكَتْ فسَقَطَ شَعَرُها، فجاءَت به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له فقالَت: إنَّ زَوجَها أمَرَنِى أن أصِلَ في شَعَرِها. فقالَ: \"لا؛ إنَّه قَد لُعِنَ المُوَصِّلاتُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٠ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٣٥) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٣٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٧٤ من طريق قتادة به موقوفًا.\n(^٣) في م: \"المعصية\".\n(^٤) حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى (١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٦٩)، ومسلم (٢١٢٣/ ١١٨) من طريق إبراهيم بن نافع به. وتقدم في (٤٢٨٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٢٠٥).","vol":"15","page":114},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3208>بابُ حَقِّ المَرأَةِ على الرَّجُلِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن مَيْسَرَةَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فإِذا شَهِدَ أمرًا فَلْيَتَكَلَّمْ بخَيرٍ أو لِيَسكُتْ، استَوصُوا بالنِّساءِ خَيرًا؛ فإِنَّ المَرأَةَ خُلِقَت مِن ضِلَعٍ، فإِنَّ أعوَجَ شَئٍ مِنَ الضِّلَعِ أعلاه، فإِن ذَهَبتَ تُقيمُه كَسَرتَه، وإِن تَرَكتَه لَم يَزَلْ أعوَجَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن حُسَينٍ الجُعْفِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن حُسَينٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ المَرأَةَ خُلِقَت مِن ضِلَعٍ؛ لَن تَستَقيمَ لَكَ على طَريقَةٍ، فإِنِ استَمتَعتَ بها استَمتَعتَ وبِها عِوَجٌ، وإِن ذَهَبتَ تُقيمُها كَسَرتَها، وكَسرُها طَلاقُها\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمرَ، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٤٠) من طريق حسين بن على به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٨٥، ٥١٨٦)، ومسلم (١٤٦٨/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٧٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":115},{"text":"البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وخُطبَتِه بعَرَفَةَ قال: \"فاتَّقوا اللّهَ في النِّساءِ؛ فإِنَّكُم أخَذتُموهُنَّ بأَمانَةِ اللهِ، واستَحلَلتُم فُروجَهُنَّ بكَلِمَةِ اللهِ، وإِنَّ لَكُم عَلَيهِنَّ ألَّا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُم أحَدًا تَكرَهُونَه، فإِن فعَلنَ فاضرِبوهُنَّ ضَربًا غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، ولَهُنَّ عَلَيكُم رِزقُهُنَّ وكِسوَتُهُنَّ بالمَعروفِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَزينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ لَفظًا، عن داودَ الوَرّاقِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه مُعاويَةَ بنِ حَيْدَةَ القُشَيرِيِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا دُفِعتُ (^٤) إلَيه قال: \"أَمَا إنِّى سأَلتُ اللهَ ﷿ أن يُعينَنِى عَلَيكُم بالسَّنَةِ تُحفِيكُم (^٥)، وبِالرُّعبِ أن يَجعَلَه في قُلوبِكُم\". قال: فقالَ بيَدَيْهِ جَميعًا: أما إنِّى قَد حَلَفتُ هَكَذا وهَكَذا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٦٨/ ٦١)، والبخاري (٥١٨٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٩٦، ٨٨٩٧، ١٠٥٦٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"رفعت\".\n(^٥) تحفيكم: تجهدكم، من: أحفاه: إذا أجهده. التاج ٣٧/ ٤٥٢ (ح ف و).","vol":"15","page":116},{"text":"ألَّا أُؤمِنَ بكَ ولا أتَّبِعَكَ، فما زالَتِ السَّنَةُ تُحفينِى والرُّعبُ يُجعَلُ في قَلبِى حَتَّى قُمتُ بَينَ يَدَيكَ، أفَبِاللهِ الَّذِى أرسَلَكَ، أهو الَّذِى أرسَلَك بما تَقولُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قالَ: وهو أمَرَكَ بما تأمُرُنا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فما تَقولُ في نِسائِنا؟ قال: \"هُنَّ حَرْثٌ لَكُم، فَأْتوا حَرثَكُم أنَّى شِئتُم، وأَطعِموهُنَّ مِمّا تأكُلونَ، واكسوهُنَّ مِمّا تَلبَسونَ (^١)، ولا تَضرِبوهُنَّ، ولا تُقَبِّحوهُنَّ\". قال: فيَنظُرُ أحَدُنا إلَى عَورَةِ أخيه إذا اجتَمَعْنا؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فإِذا تَفَرَّقْنا؟ قال: فضَمَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إحدَى فخِذَيْه على الأُخرَى ثُمَّ قال: \"اللهُ أحَقُّ أن تَستَحيوا (^٢) \". قال: وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يُحشَرُ النّاسُ يَومَ القيامَةِ عَلَيهِمُ الفِدامُ (^٣)، فأَوَّلُ ما يَنطِقُ مِنَ الإنسانِ كَفُّه وفَخِذُه\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي قَزَعَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ما حَقُّ المَرأَةِ على الزَّوجِ؟ قال: \"أن يُطعِمَها إذا طَعِمَ، ويَكسُوَها إذا اكتَسَى، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تكسون\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"منه\".\n(^٣) الفِدام: ما يشد على فم الإبريق والكوز من خِرقة لتصفية الشراب الذي فيه؛ أي أنهم يُمنعون الكلامَ بأفواههم حتى تتكلم جوارحهم، فشبه ذلك بالفدام. النهاية ٣/ ٤٢١، وينظر العين ٨/ ٥٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٧٨. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٥١)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٦٥٨) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به.","vol":"15","page":117},{"text":"يَهجُرَ إلَّا في البَيتِ، ولا يَضرِبَ الوَجهَ، ولا يُقَبِّحَ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حُمرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ وأبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ أبى أنَسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَفرَكْ مُؤمِنٌ مُؤمِنَةً؛ إن كَرِهَ مِنها خُلُقًا رَضِىَ آخَرَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. قال ابنُ المُثَنَّى: الفَرْكُ البُغضُ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧١)، وابن ماجه (١٨٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤١٧٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٢١٤٢) من طريق أبى قزعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٦٣) عن أبي عاصم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٦٩) عقب (٦١).","vol":"15","page":118},{"text":"عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: إنِّى لأُحِبُّ أن أتَزَيَّنَ لِلمَرأَةِ كما أُحِبُّ أن تَزَيَّنَ لِى؛ لأنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]. وما أُحِبُّ أن تَستَطِفَّ (^١) جميعَ حَقٍّ لِى عَلَيها؛ لأنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ﴾ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٢٨].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3209>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: (وَإن امرَأةٌ خَافَتْ مِن بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أوْ إعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهَما أن يصّالحا (^٣) بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ) [النساء: ١٢٨]\n\n١٤٨٤٥ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا﴾ قالَت: أُنزِلَت في المَرأَةِ تَكونُ عِندَ الرَّجُلِ لا يَستَكثِرُ مِنها (^٤)، فيُريدُ أن يُطَلِّقَها ويَتَزَوَّجَ غَيرَها، فتَقولُ: لا تُطَلِّقْنِى وأَمسِكْنِى، وأَنتَ في حِلٍّ مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ والقِسمَةِ لِى. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَلَا\n_________\n(^١) تستطف: تكمل وتستوفى مثل حقوقى عليها. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ١٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٤٩٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٢٠، ١٢٣، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٢/ ٤١٧ (٢١٩٦، ٢١٩٨) من طريق وكيع به. وعندهم: سلمان. مكان: مهاجر.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يصلحا\" وهي قراءة الكوفيين، والمثبت قراءة الباقى. ينظر النشر في القراءات العشر ٢/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) لا يستكثر منها: أي لا تعجبه. ينظر عمدة القارى ٢٠/ ١٩٤.","vol":"15","page":119},{"text":"جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا (^١) بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا﴾ الآيَة (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ ابنَةَ محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ كانَت عِندَ رافِعِ بنِ خَدِيجٍ، فكَرِهَ مِنها أمرًا؛ إمّا كِبَرًا أو غَيرَه، فأَرادَ طَلاقَها، فقالَت: لا تُطَلِّقْنِى، واقسِمْ لِى ما بَدا لَكَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا (^٤)﴾ الآيَة (^٥).\n\n١٤٨٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عَمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ أنَّ السُّنَّةَ في هاتَينِ الآيَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ ذَكَرَ اللهُ ﷿ فيهِما نُشوزَ المَرءِ وإِعراضَه عن امرأتِه في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ\n_________\n(^١) كذا في س، م. وفى الأصل: \"يصالحا\".\n(^٢) إسحاق بن راهويه (٧١٠)، وعنه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٢٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (١٩٧٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٠٦)، ومسلم (٣٠٢١).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"أو إعراضًا\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٦٦)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٨٩. وتقدم في (١٣٥٦٦).","vol":"15","page":120},{"text":"إِعْرَاضًا﴾ إلَى تَمامِ آيَتَينِ؛ أنَّ المَرءَ إذا نَشَزَ عنِ امرأتِه (^١) وآثَرَ عَلَيها، فإِنَّ مِنَ الحَقِّ عَلَيه أن يَعرِضَ عَلَيها أن يُطَلِّقَها أو تَستَقِرَّ عِندَه على ما كانَت مِن أُثْرَةٍ (^٢) في القَسمِ مِن نَفسِه ومالِه، فإِنِ استَقَرَّت عِندَه على ذَلِكَ وكَرِهَت أن يُطَلِّقَها، فلا حَرَجَ عَلَيه فيما آثَرَ عَلَيها مِن ذَلِكَ. فإِن لَم يَعرِضْ عَلَيها الطَّلاقَ، وصالَحَها على أن يُعطيَها مِن مالِه ما تَرضَى (^٣) وتَقَرَّ عِندَه على الأُثرَةِ في القَسمِ مِن مالِه ونَفسِه، صَلَحَ له ذَلِكَ، وجازَ صُلحُهُما عَلَيه. كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَ سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانُ، الصُّلحَ الَّذِى قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا (^٤) بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ﴾. وقَد ذُكِرَ لِى (^٥) أنَّ رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ الأنصارِىَّ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كانَت عِندَه امرأةٌ، حَتَّى إذا كَبِرَت تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيها فتاةً شابَّةً، فآثَرَ عَلَيها الشّابَّةَ، فناشَدَتْه الطَّلاقَ فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَةً، ثُمَّ أمهَلَها حَتَّى إذا كادَت تَحِلُّ راجَعَها، ثُمَّ عادَ فآثَرَ الشّابَّةَ عَلَيها، فناشَدَتْه الطَّلاقَ فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ أمهَلَها حَتَّى إذا كادَت تَحِلُّ راجَعَها، ثُمَّ عادَ فآثَرَ الشّابَّةَ عَلَيها، فناشَدَته الطَّلاقَ فقالَ لَها: ما شِئتِ، إنَّما بَقِيَتْ لَكِ تَطليقَةٌ واحِدَةٌ؛ فإِن شِئتِ استَقرَرْتِ على ما تَرَىْ (^٦) مِنَ الأُثْرَةِ، وإِن\n_________\n(^١) نشز الرجل على زوجته: إذا كره معاشرتها. الزاهر في غريب ألفاظ الشافعي ص ٣٢٢.\n(^٢) الأُثْرة: الحال غير المرضية. المخصص ٣/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ترضاه\".\n(^٤) كذا في م. وفى الأصل: \"يصالحا\".\n(^٥) القائل هنا هو ابن شهاب كما جاء في المدونة ٢/ ٣٣٥ مصرحًا.\n(^٦) هكذا في النسخ بحذف النون، وهو لغة. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٦٥٦٥).","vol":"15","page":121},{"text":"شِئتِ فارَقتُكِ. فقالَت: لا، بَل أستَقِرُّ على الأُثرَةِ. فأَمسَكَها على ذَلِكَ، فكانَ ذَلِكَ صلْحَهُما، ولَم يَرَ رافِعٌ عَلَيه إثمًا حينَ رَضِيَتْ بأَن تَستَقِرَّ عِندَه على الأُثرَةِ فيما آثَرَ به عَلَيها (^١).\n\n١٤٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - توُفِّىَ عن تِسعِ نِسوَةٍ، وكانَ يَقسِمُ لِثَمانٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ سَفَرًا أقرَعَ بَينَ نِسائِه، فأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهمُها خَرَجَ بها مَعَه، وكانَ يَقسِمُ لِكُلِّ امرأةٍ مِنهُنَّ يَومَها ولَيلَتَها، غَيرَ أنَّ سَودَةَ بنتَ زَمْعَةَ وهَبَت نَفْسَها (^٣) يَومَها ولَيلَتَها لِعائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَبتَغِى بذَلِكَ رِضا رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٨١ (٦٠٤٤) من طريق أبى اليمان به، وذكره سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٣٣٥ من طريق الزهري بنحوه.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٦٨)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٨٩. وتقدم (٦٩٣١، ١٣٥٥٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٢٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأبو داود (٢١٣٨) من طريق يونس به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٥٦١ - ١٣٥٦٤).","vol":"15","page":122},{"text":"مُقاتِلٍ وحِبّانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا أَنْ كَبِرَت سَودَةُ بنتُ زَمْعَةَ - ﵂ - وهَبَت يَومَها لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقسِمُ لَها بيَومِ سَودَةَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، أظُنُّه عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: خَشِيَتْ سَودَةُ - ﵂ - أن يُطَلِّقَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لا تُطَلِّقْنِى وأَمسِكْنِى، واجعَلْ يَومِى لِعائشَةَ. ففَعَلَ، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا﴾. قال: فما اصطَلَحا عَلَيه مِن شَئٍ فهو جائزٌ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضْرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٥٩٣، ٢٦٨٨).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (١٦٦١٧)، وعنه ابن ماجه (١٩٧٢). وتقدم في (١٣٥٦٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٦٣/ ٤٨)، والبخاري (٥٢١٢).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٨٠٥)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣٠٤٠) وقال: حسن غريب.","vol":"15","page":123},{"text":"سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: أُنزِلَ في سَودَةَ - ﵂ - وأشَباهِها: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا﴾. وذَلِكَ أنَّ سَودَةَ - ﵂ - كانَتِ امرأةً قَد أسَنَّت، ففَرِقَت أن يُفارِقَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وضَنَّت (^١) بمَكانِها مِنه، وعَرَفَت مِن حُبِّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عائشةَ ومَنزِلَتِها مِنه، فوَهَبَت يَومَها مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِعائشةَ - ﵂ -، فقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nورَواه أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ عن ابنِ (^٣) أبى الزِّنادِ مَوصولًا كما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه في أوَّلِ كِتابِ النِّكَاحِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3210>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَرجِعُ فيما وهَبَت مِن يَومِها</span>\n\n١٤٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عَرعَرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا (^٥) بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ﴾. قال: هو الرَّجُلُ يكونُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"ورضيت\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٠٢ - تفسير).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٥٦٤).\n(^٥) كذا في س، م. وفى الأصل: \"يصالحا\".","vol":"15","page":124},{"text":"عِندَه امرأتانِ فتَكونُ إحداهُما قَد عَجَزَت أو تَكونُ دَميمَةً، فيُريدُ فِراقَها فُتَصالِحُه على أن يَكونَ عِندَها لَيلَةً وعِندَ الأُخرَى ليالٍ (^١) ولا يُفارِقَها، فما طابَت به نَفسُها فلا بأسَ به، فإِن رَجَعَت سَوَّى بَينَهُما (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3211>بابُ الرَّجُلِ لا يُفارِقُ التي رَغِبَ عَنها ولا يَعدِلُ لَها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: جَبَرْتُه على القَسمِ لَها (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الطَيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ وأبو الوَليدِ الطَيالِسِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سِنانٍ العَوَقِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كانَت له امرأتانِ فمالَ إلَى إحداهُما، جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وأَحَدُ شِقَّيه ساقِطٌ\" (^٤). وفِي رِوايَةِ عَفّانَ: \"مائلٌ\".\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"ليلتين\"، وفي م: \"ليالى\". والمثبت كما في حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"خ\". اهـ وهى كذلك عند مجاهد.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٩٤. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٥٠ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٨٩. ونصه: وإن قال: لا أفارقها ولا أعدل لها. أجبر على القسم لها، ولا يجبر على فراقها.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٥)، والطيالسى (٢٥٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٦٨) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢١٣٣) عن أبي الوليد الطيالسي به. والترمذي (١١٤١)، والنسائي (٣٩٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٦٩)، من طريق همام به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٨١: لم يخرجاه؛ لأن هشام بن أبي عبد الله رواه عن قتادة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٦٧).","vol":"15","page":125},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3212>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٩]</span>\n\n١٤٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ يقولُ قَولًا مَعناه ما أصِفُ: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا﴾: بما في القُلوبِ، ﴿فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ﴾: لا تُتبِعوا أهواءَكُم أفعالَكُم فيَصيرَ المَيلُ بالفِعلِ الَّذِى لَيسَ لَكُم، ﴿فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ﴾. وما أشبَهَ ما قالوا عِندِى بما قالوا؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ تَجاوَزَ عَمّا في القُلوبِ، وكَتَبَ على النّاسِ الأفعالَ والأقاويلَ، فإِذا مالَ بالقَولِ والفِعلِ فذَلِكَ كُلُّ المَيلِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ﴾ قال: في الحُبِّ والجِماعِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٥٧ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَن تَستَطيعَ أن تَعدِلَ فيما\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٠٩، ١١٠، ١٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٦٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٨٣ (٦٠٥٧) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"15","page":126},{"text":"بَينَهُنَّ ولَو حَرَصتَ، وهو قَولُه: ﴿وَأُحْضِرَتِ الْأَنْفُسُ الشُّحَّ﴾ [النساء: ١٢٨]. والشُّحُّ هَواه في الشَّئِ يَحرِصُ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ﴾ يقولُ: تَذَرُها لا أيِّمًا ولا ذاتَ بَعلٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضروِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا فُضيلُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: سألتُ عَبيدَةَ عن قَولِه: ﴿وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ﴾. قال: فأَومأ بيَدِه إلَى صَدرِه وقالَ: في الحُبِّ والمُجامَعَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: يَعنِى في الحُبِّ، ﴿فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ﴾؛ لا تَعَمَّدوا الإِساءَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينُ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ وحَمّادٌ وأَبانٌ وأبو عَوانَةَ، كُلُّهُم يُحَدِّثُنِى عن قَتادَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٦٤، ٥٧٣، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٨٢ (٦٠٥١) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٠٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٧١ من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٩٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٨٣ (٦٠٦٠) من طريق ورقاء به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٧١ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.","vol":"15","page":127},{"text":"زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى تجاوَزَ لأُمَّتِى عَما حَدَّثَت به أنفُسَها ما لَم يَتَكَلَّموا به أو يَعمَلوا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي عَوانَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَقسِمُ فيَعدِلُ ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هَذا قَسمِى فيما أملِكُ، وأَنتَ أعلَمُ بما لا أملِكُ\". يَعنِى - واللهُ أعلَمُ - قَلبَه (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٦١ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقسِمُ فيَعدِلُ فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هَذا قَسمِى فيما أملِكُ، فلا تَلُمْنِى فيما تَملِكُ ولا أملِكُ\" (^٥). قال القاضِى: يَعنِى القَلبَ، وهَذا في العَدلِ بَينَ نِسائهِ.\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبَلَغَنا أنَّه كان يُطافُ به مَحمولًا في مَرَضِه على\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٢)، وفى الشعب (٣٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٦٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣٣٤) من طريق همام به. وسيأتي في (١٥١٥٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٢٨، ٦٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠٢).\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٩٠.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٣٤) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٥١١١)، وابن ماجه (١٩٧١)، والترمذي (١١٤٠)، والنسائي (٣٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"15","page":128},{"text":"نِسائه حتَّى حَلَلنَه (^١).\n\n١٤٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثني ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، قال: حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: أخبرَنِى أبي، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَسأَلُ في مَرَضِه الَّذِى ماتَ فيه: \"أينَ أنا غَدًا؟ أينَ أنا غَدًا؟ \". يُريدُ يَومَ عائشةَ، فأَذِنَ له أزواجُه يَكونُ حَيثُ شاءَ، فكانَ في بَيتِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - حَتَّى ماتَ عِندَها - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَة، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا مَرحومُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ العَطّارُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ بابَنوسَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ إلَى النِّساءِ في مَرَضِه، فاجتَمَعنَ فقالَ: \"إنِّي لا أستَطيعُ أن أدورَ بَينَكنَّ، فإِن رأيتُنَّ أن تأذَنَّ لي فأكونَ عِندَ عائشةَ فعَلتُنَّ؟ \". فأَذِنَّ لَه (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وبَلَغَنِى أنَّه سُئلَ (^٥): أيُّ النّاسِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ؟ فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٩٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٤). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٣٥٦٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢١٧)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٣).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢١٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٢٩)، والترمذي في الشمائل (٣٧٤) من طريق مرحوم به مختصرًا.\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"فقيل\".","vol":"15","page":129},{"text":"\"عائشَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ العاصِ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - بَعَثَه على جَيشِ ذاتِ السَّلاسِلِ قال: فأَتَيتُه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، مَن أحَبُّ الناسِ إلَيكَ؟ قال: \"عائشَةُ\". قُلتُ: مِنَ الرِّجالِ؟ قال: \"أبوها\". قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"عُمَرُ\". فعَدَّ رِجالًا. وقالَ غيرُه: \"ثُمَّ عُمَرُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في أوَّلِ كِتابِ النِّكاحِ حَديثُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حَيثُ قال لابنَتِه حَفصَةَ: لا يَغُرَّنَّكِ أن كانَت جارَتُكِ هِىَ أوسَمَ وأَحَبَّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنكِ. يُريدُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الدارَبَردِىُّ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ الحَليمِىُّ بمَروَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الفَزارِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) معرفة السنن والآثار ٥/ ٤٢٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٠٠) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به. وتقدم في (١٣٢٣٠)، وسيأتي في (٢١١١١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣٨٤)، والبخاري (٤٣٥٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٣٩٥).","vol":"15","page":130},{"text":"أخبرَنا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: أرسَلَ أزواجُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُضطَجِعٌ مَعَ عائشةَ في مِرطِها، فأَذِنَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أزواجَكَ أرسَلنَنِى إلَيكَ يَسأَلنَكَ العَدلَ في ابنَةِ أبي قُحافَةَ. قالَت: وأَنا ساكِتَةٌ. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَستِ تُحِبِّينَ ما أُحِبُّ؟ \". قالَت: بَلَى. قال: \"فأَحِبِّى هذه\". قالَت: فقامَت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - حينَ سَمِعَت ذَلِكَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرَجَعَت إلَيهِنَّ فأَخبَرَتهُنَّ بالذِى قال لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلنَ لَها: ما نَراكِ أغنَيتِ عَنّا مِن شَئٍ، فارجِعِى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقولِى له: إنَّ أزواجَكَ يَسأَلنَكَ العَدلَ في ابنَةِ أبي قُحافَةَ. قالَت: واللهِ لا أُكَلِّمُه فيها أبَدًا. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فأَرسَلنَ أزواجُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ بنتَ جَحشٍ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهِىَ التي كانَت تُسامينِى مِنهُنَّ، ولَكِنِّى ما رأيتُ امرأةً خَيرًا في الدّينِ مِن زَينَبَ - ﵂ -، أتقَى للهِ، وأَصدَقَ حَديثًا، وأَوصَلَ لِلرَّحِمِ، وأَعظَمَ صدَقَةً، وأَشَدَّ ابتِذالًا لِنَفسِها مِنَ العَمَلِ الَّذِى تَصَّدَّقُ به وتَتَقَرَّبُ به إلَى اللهِ ﷿، ما عَدا حِدَّةً فيها توشِكُ الفَيئَةَ فيه. قالَت: فاستأذَنَت على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَعَ عائشةَ في مِرطِها بمَنزِلَةِ التي دَخَلَت فاطِمَةُ عَلَيها وهو بها. قالَت: فأَذِنَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ أزواجَكَ أرسَلنَنِى إلَيكَ يَسأَلنَكَ العَدلَ في ابنَةِ أبي قُحافَةَ. قالَت: ثُمَّ وقَعَت بى فاستَطالَت علىَّ وأَنا أرقُبُ","vol":"15","page":131},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأَرقُبُ طَرفَه؛ هَل يأذَنُ لِي فيها؟ قالَت: فلَم تَبرَحْ زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ حتَّى عَرَفتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَكرَهُ أن أنتَصِرَ. قالَت: فلَمّا وقَعتُ بها لَم أنشَبْ أن عبتُها (^١) عَلَيه. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وتَبَسَّمَ: \"إنَّها ابنَةُ أبي بكرٍ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: لَم يُقِمْ شَيخُنا هذه اللَّفظَةَ، ولَعَلَّ الصَّوابَ: أن [أثخَنتُها غَلَبَةً] (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: أنحَيتُ عَلَيها. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ قُهزاذَ عن عبدانَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3213>بابُ الحُرِّ يَنكِحُ حُرَّةً على أمَةٍ، فيَقسِمُ لِلحُرَّةِ يَومَينِ ولِلأمَةِ يَومًا</span>\n\n١٤٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ الله الأسَدِىِّ قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: إذا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أعتبتها\"، وفى ص ٨: \"عتبتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٥)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٥٩)، والنسائي (٣٩٥٤)، وابن حبان (٧١٠٥) من طريق الزهري به. وتقدم طرفان منه عقب (١٣٢٣٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"نحيتها عليه\"، وكتب فوقها \"ص\"، وفى س: \"أتحفتها غلبة\"، والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"خ ر\". وقال القاضي عياض: قولها: أن أثخنتها غلبة؛ أي: بالغت فيما جاوبتها به وأكثرت عليها وأثقلتها. ويروى: أنحيتها. ويروى: ألحيت. . . ولا وجه لرواية: ألحيت. باللام، والأشبه عندى أنه تغيير من لفظ الحديث الأول. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٢٨، وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٤٤٢/ ٨٣).","vol":"15","page":132},{"text":"نُكِحَتِ الحُرَّةُ على الأمَةِ فلِهَذِه الثُّلُثانِ ولهذه الثُّلُثُ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ مِثلَه (^٢).\nوقالَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أنَّ الحُرَّةَ إنْ أقامَت على ضرارٍ فلَها يَومانِ ولِلأمَةِ يَومٌ.\n\n١٤٨٦٨ - أَخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، أخبرَنِى أبي، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3214>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَدخُلُ على نِسائه نَهارًا لِلحاجَةِ لا ليأوىَ</span>\n\n١٤٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ غالِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ بَطْحاءَ (^٤) قالوا: حدثنا عَفّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخَبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخاريُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٣٨) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٠٩٠) عن سفيان الثوري عن ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٩١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٦٣٢٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"بطحان\".","vol":"15","page":133},{"text":"ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: شَهِدتُ وليمَةَ زَينَبَ - ﵂ -، فأَشبَعَ النّاسَ خُبزًا ولَحمًا، وكانَ يَبعَثُنِى فأَدعو النّاسَ، فلَمَّا فرَغَ قامَ وتَبِعتُه، وتَخَلفَ رَجُلانِ استأنَسَ بهِما الحَديثُ لَم يَخرُجا، فجَعَلَ يَمُرُّ بنِسائه فيُسَلِّمُ على كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُنَّ: \"سَلامٌ عَلَيكُم أهلَ البَيتِ، كَيفَ أنتُنَّ؟ \". فيقولون (^١): بخَيرٍ يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ وجَدتَ أهلَكَ؟ فيَقولُ: \"بخَيرٍ\". فلَمّا فرَغَ رَجَعَ ورَجَعتُ مَعَه، فلَمّا بَلَغَ البابَ إذا هو بالرَّجُلَينِ استأنَسَ بهِما الحَديثُ، فلَمَّا رأياه قَد رَجَعَ قاما فخَرَجا، فواللهِ ما أدرِى أنا أخبَرتُه أو أُنزِلَ عَلَيه الوَحىُ بأَنَّهُما قَد خَرَجا؟ فرَجَعَ ورَجَعتُ مَعَه، فلَمّا وضَعَ رِجلَه (^٢) في أُسكُفَّةِ (^٣) البابِ أرخَى الحِجابَ بَينِى وبَينَه، وأُنزِلَت عَلَيه هذه الآيةُ: ﴿لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥٣] الآية (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٤٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت له: يا ابنَ أُختِى، كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يُفَضِّلُ بَعضَنا بعضًا (^٦) في مُكثِه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فيقلن\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"رجليه\".\n(^٣) الأسكفة: خشبة الباب التي يوطأ عليها. وهي العتبة. التاج ٢٣/ ٤٥٢ (س ك ف).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٧٥) عن عفان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٢٨/ ٨٧).\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨، م: \"على بعض\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية: على بعض\".","vol":"15","page":134},{"text":"عِندَنا، وكانَ قَلَّ يَومٌ إلَّا وهو يَطوفُ عَلَينا، فيَدنو مِن كُلِّ امرأةٍ مِن غَيرِ مَسيسٍ حتَّى يَبلُغَ التي هِىَ يَومُها، فيَبيتُ عِندَها. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٧١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادَ، حدثني (^٢) هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: ما كان، أو قَلَّ، يَومٌ إلَّا ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - يَطوفُ عَلَينا جَميعًا فيُقَبِّلُ ويَلمِسُ ما دونَ الوِقاعِ، فإِذا جاءَ إلَى التي هو يَومُها؛ ثبتَ (^٣) عِندَها (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3215>بابُ الحالِ التي يَختَلِفُ فيها حالُ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - حينَ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ سلمةَ وأَصبحَت عِندَه فقالَ لَها: \"لَيسَ بكِ على أهلِكِ هَوانٌ، إن شِئتِ سَبَّعتُ عِندَكِ وسَبعتُ عِندَهُنَّ، وإِن شِئتِ ثَلَّثتُ ثُمَّ دُرتُ\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٨٦. وتقدم في (١٣٥٦٤).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) في م: \"يبيت\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٥٦٤).","vol":"15","page":135},{"text":"قالَت: ثَلِّثْ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: \"ثَلَّثتُ عِندَكِ ودُرْتُ\". قالَت: ثَلِّثْ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ سلمةَ فدَخَلَ عَلَيها، فأَرادَ أن يَخرُجَ، أخَذَت بثَوبِه فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"إن شِئتِ زِدتُكِ وحاسَبتُكِ به، لِلبِكرِ سَبعٌ ولِلثَّيِّبِ ثَلاثٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٤). هَكَذا رَوَياه عن عبدِ المَلِكِ مُرسَلًا. ورَواه محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٤٨٧٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنى أبي (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا الثَّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٦)، وفى المعرفة (٤٣٧٨)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٠، ١٩٢، ومالك ٢/ ٥٢٩. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٨ من طريق القعنبي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٦٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٦٤٥) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٦٠).","vol":"15","page":136},{"text":"عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لما تَزَوَّجَها أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ وقالَ: \"إنَّه لَيسَ بكِ على أهلِكِ هَوانٌ، فإِن شِئتِ سَبَّعتُ لَكِ، وإِن سَبَّعتُ لَكِ سَبَّعتُ لِنِسائى\" (^١). قال سلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِ هَذا الحديثَ مُجَوَّدَ الإسنادِ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٤٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ وأبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو كُرَيبٍ محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا حَفصٌ يَعنِى ابنَ غياثٍ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ أيمَنَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، ذَكَرَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَزَوَّجَها وذَكَرَ أشياءَ هَذا فيه، قال: \"إن شِئتِ أن أُسَبِّعَ لَكِ وأُسَبِّعَ لِنِسائى، وإِن سَبَّعت لَكِ سَبَّعتُ لِنِسائى\" (^٤). هَكَذا أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\".\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٦٥٠٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٢٥)، وابن ماجه (١٩١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢١٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"قال الشيخ\".\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٦٠/ ٤١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٦٠/ ٤٣). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣٠٠) عن محمد بن العلاء به.","vol":"15","page":137},{"text":"١٤٨٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبي ثابِتٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي عمرٍو والقاسِمَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ أخبَراه، أنَّهُما سَمِعا أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ يُخبِرُ، أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته أنَّها لما قَدِمَتِ المَدينَةَ أخبَرَتهُم أنَّها ابنَةُ أبي أُمَيَّةَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ فكَذَّبوها، ويَقولونَ: ما أكذَبَ الغَرائبَ! حَتَّى أنشأ ناسٌ مِنهُم في الحَجِّ فقالوا: تكتُبينَ إلَى أهلِكِ. فكَتَبتُ مَعَهُم. فرَجَعوا إلَى المَدينَةِ فصَدَّقوها فازدادَت عَلَيهِم كَرامَةً. قالَت: فلَمّا وضَعتُ زَينَبَ جاءَنِى النبيُّ - ﷺ - فخَطَبَنِى، فقُلتُ: ما مِثلِى تُنكَحُ، أمّا أنا فلا ولَدَ فيَّ، وأَنا غَيورٌ ذاتُ عيالٍ. فقالَ: \"أنا أكبَرُ مِنكِ، وأَمّا الغَيرَةُ فيُذهِبُها اللهُ، وأَمّا العيالُ فإِلَى اللهِ ورسولِه\". فتَزَوَّجَها فجَعَلَ يأتيها فيَقولُ: \"كَيفَ زُنابُ؟ أينَ زُنابُ؟ \". فجاءَ عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ فاختَلَجَها فقالَ: هذه تَمنَعُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ -. وكانَت تُرضِعُها، فجاءَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أينَ زُنابُ؟ \". فقالَت قُرَيبَةُ ابنَةُ أبي أُمَيَّةَ ووافَقَها عِندَها: أخَذَها عَمارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي آتيكُمُ اللَّيلَةَ\". قالَت: فوَضَعتُ ثِفالِى (^١)، وأَخرَجتُ حَبّاتٍ مِن شَعيرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الثفال: ما وقيت به الرحى من الأرض، وهو جلد يبسط فتوضع فوقه الرحى. التاج ١٨/ ١٥٤ (ث ف ل).","vol":"15","page":138},{"text":"وكانَت في جَرٍّ - وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ: في جَريبٍ (^١) - وأَخرَجتُ شَحمًا فعَصَدتُه، فباتَ ثُمَّ أصبَحَ فقالَ حينَ أصبَحَ: \"إنَّ لَكِ على أهلِكِ كرامَةً، فإِن شِئتِ سَبَّعتُ لَكِ، وإِن أُسَبِّعْ أُسَبِّعْ لِنِسائى\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إذا تَزَوَّجَ البِكرَ على الثَّيِّبِ أقامَ عِندَها سَبعًا، وإِذا تَزَوَّجَ الثَّيِّبَ على البِكرِ أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثًا. ولَو قُلتُ: إنَّه رَفَعَه. صَدَقتُ، ولَكِنَّه قال: السُّنَّةُ كَذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ هو الدَّبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا على بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الجريب: أربعة أقفزة من البذر. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٣١٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٦٣، ٤٦٤، والحارث بن أبي أسامة (١٠٠٧ - بغية). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٢٠)، وابن حبان (٤٠٦٥) من طريق روح به عبادة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٢٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٢٤) من طريق هشيم به، والترمذي (١١٣٩) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٦١/ ٤٤)، والبخاري (٥٢١٣).","vol":"15","page":139},{"text":"سُفيانَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ وخالِد الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إذا تَزَوَّجَ البِكرَ على الثَّيِّبِ أقامَ عِندَها سَبعًا، وإِذا تَزَوَّجَ الثَّيِّبَ على البِكرِ أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثًا. قال خالِدٌ: ولَو قُلتُ: إنَّه رَفَعَه. لَصدَقتُ. وَفِى حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: ولَو شِئتُ قُلتُ: رَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي أُسامَةَ عن سُفيانَ، وأَشارَ إلَى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٧٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَين بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أيّوبَ وخالِدٍ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا تَزَوَّجَ البِكرَ على الثَّيِّبِ أقامَ عِندَها سبعًا، وِإذا تَزَوَّجَ الثَّيِّبَ على البِكرِ أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ هو ابنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ وحُمَيدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦١٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٦٤٣)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٤٣١٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢١٤)، ومسلم (١٤٦١/ ٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣١١) عن أبي قلابة عبد الملك بن محمد به.","vol":"15","page":140},{"text":"أنَسٍ - ﵁ - قال: لِلبِكرِ سَبعَةُ أيّامٍ ولِلثَّيِّبِ ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إذا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ بكرًا فلَها سَبعٌ ثُمَّ يَقسِمُ، فإِذا تَزَوجَها ثَيِّبًا فلَها ثلاثٌ (^٢)، ثُمَّ يَقسِمُ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: يُقيمُ عِندَ البِكرِ سَبعًا ثُمَّ يَقسِمُ، وإِن كانَت ثَيِّبًا أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ يَقسِمُ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، حدثنا أنَسٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى هو ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - لما دَخَلَ بصَفيَّةَ أقامَ عِندَها ثَلاثًا. زادَ عثمانُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٢٤)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٧، ٢٨ من طريق أيوب عن أبي قلابة وحده به.\n(^٢) في م: \"ثلاثة أيام\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١١٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٨ من طريق حميد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧١١٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.","vol":"15","page":141},{"text":"وكانَت ثَيِّبًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3216>بابُ القَسمِ لِلنِّساءِ إذا حَضَرَ سَفَرٌ</span>\n\n١٤٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَدَنِىُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، وعُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ الله بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حينَ قال لَها أهلُ الإفكِ ما قالوا، فبَرّأَها اللهُ مِنه. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وكُلُّهُم حَدَّثَنِى طائفَةً مِن حَديثِها، وبَعضُهُم أوعَى له مِن بَعضٍ، وأَثبَتُ له اقتِصاصًا، وقَد وعَيتُ عن كُلِّ رجلٍ (^٢) مِنهُمُ الحديثَ الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، وبَعضُ حَديثِهِم يُصَدِّقُ بَعضًا، زَعَموا أنَّ عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إذا أرادَ سَفَرًا أقرَعَ بَينَ أزواجِه، فأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهمُها خَرَجَ بها مَعَه. قالَت: فأَقرَعَ بَينَنا في غَزاةٍ غَزاها فخَرَجَ سَهمِى فخَرَجتُ مَعَه بَعدَ ما أُنزِلَ الحِجابُ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\n\n١٤٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٥٢) عن هشيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٦٣).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"واحد\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٥٦٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٦١)، مسلم (٢٧٧٠/. . .).","vol":"15","page":142},{"text":"الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إذا خَرَجَ أقرَعَ بَينَ نِسائه، فطارَتِ القُرعَةُ على عائشةَ وحَفصَةَ - ﵄ -، فخَرَجَتا جَميعًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا سارَ باللَّيلِ سارَ مَعَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - يَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَها، فقالَت حَفصَةُ لِعائشَةَ: ألا تَركَبينَ اللَّيلَةَ بَعيرِى وأَركَبُ بَعيرَكِ، فتَنظُرينَ وأَنظُرُ؟ قالَت: بَلَى. فرَكِبَت عائشَةُ على بَعيرِ حَفصَةَ ورَكِبَت حَفصةُ على بَعيرِ عائشةَ - ﵄ -، فجاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى جَمَلِ عائشةَ - ﵂ - وعَلَيه حَفصَةُ، فسَلَّمَ وسارَ مَعَها حَتَّى نَزَلوا فافتَقَدَته عائشَةُ، فلَمّا نَزَلوا جَعَلَت تَجعَلُ رِجلَيها في الإذخِرِ وتَقولُ: يا رَبِّ سَلِّط علىَّ عَقرَبًا أو حَيَّةً تَلدَغُنِى، رسولُكَ لا أستَطيعُ أن أقولَ له شَيئًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3217>بابُ نُشوزِ المَرأَةِ على الرَّجُلِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ٣٤].\n\n١٤٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٣٢) من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢١١)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٥/ ٨٨).","vol":"15","page":143},{"text":"صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في هذه الآيَةِ قال: تِلكَ المَرأَةُ تَنشُزُ وتَستَخِفُّ بحَقٍّ زَوجِها، ولا تُطيعُ أمرَه، فأَمَرَه اللهُ ﷿ أن يَعِظَها ويُذَكِّرَها باللهِ ويُعَظِّمَ حَقَّه عَلَيها، فإِن قَبِلَت وإلَّا هَجَرَها في المضجَعِ، ولا يُكَلِّمُها، مِن غَيرِ أن يَذَرَ نِكاحَها، وذَلِكَ عَلَيها شَديدٌ، فإِن راجَعَت وإلَّا ضَرَبَها ضَربًا غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، ولا يَكسِرُ لَها عَظمًا، ولا يَجرَحُ بها جُرحًا (^١). قال: ﴿فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾ يقولُ: إذا أطاعَتكَ فلا تَتَجَنَّ عَلَيها العِلَلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3218>بابُ ما جاءَ في وعظِها</span>\n\n١٤٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو هاشِمٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ لَقيطِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ وفدَ بَنِى المُنتَفِقِ - أو في وفدِ بَنِى المُنتَفِقِ - فأَتَيناه فلَم نُصادِفْه وصادَفنا عائشةَ - ﵂ - فأُتينا بقِناعٍ فيه تَمرٌ - والقِناعُ الطَّبَقُ - وأَمَرَت لَنا بخَزيرَةٍ (^٣) فصُنِعَت، ثُمَّ أكَلنا فلَم نَلبَثْ أن جاءَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"هَل أكَلتُم شَيئًا؟ هَل أُمِرَ لَكُم بشَئٍ؟ \". قُلنا:\n_________\n(^١) ضبطت في الأصل بفتح الجيم وضمها.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٩٨، ٧٠٢، ٧١١، وابن أبي حاتم (٥٢٦١، ٥٢٧٠) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) الخزيرة: لحم يقطع صغارًا ويصب عليه ماء كثير، فإذا نضج ذر عليه الدقيق. فإذا لم يكن فيها لحم فهى عصيدة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤١٥، ٤١٦.","vol":"15","page":144},{"text":"نَعَم. فلَم نَلبَثْ أن دَفَعَ الرّاعِى غَنَمَه، فإِذا بسَخلَةٍ (^١) تيْعِرُ (^٢) فقالَ: \"هيه يا فُلانُ، ما ولَّدتَ؟ \". قال: بَهمَةً. قال: \"فاذبَحْ لنا مَكانَها شاةً\". ثُمَّ انحَرَفَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: \"لا تَحسِبَنَّ - ولَم يَقُل: لا تَحسَبَنَّ - أنّا مِن أجلِكَ ذَبَحناها، لَنا غَنَمٌ مِائَةٌ لا نُريدُ أن تَزيدَ، فإِذا ولَّدَ الرّاعِى بَهمَةً ذَبَحنا مَكانَها شاةً\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِىَ امرأةً في لِسانِها شَئٌ. يَعنِى البَذاءَ قال: \"طَلِّقْها\". قُلتُ: إنَّ لِي مَنها ولَدًا ولَها صُحبَةٌ. قال: \"فمُرْهَا - يقولُ: عِظْها - فإِن يَكُ فيها خَيرٌ فسَتَقبَلُ، ولا تَضرِبَنَّ ظَعينَتَكَ ضَربَكَ أُمَيَّتَكَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أخبِرنِى عن الوُضوءِ؟ قال: \"أسبغِ الوُضوءَ، وخَلِّلْ بَينَ الأصابِعِ، وبالِغْ في الاستنشاقِ إلَّا أن تَكونَ صائمًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3219>بابُ ما جاءَ في هِجرَتِها</span>\n\n١٤٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ إبنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن عليٍّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبي حُرَّةَ الرَّقاشِىِّ، عن عَمِّه، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"فإِن خِفتُم نُشوزَهُنَّ فاهجُروهُنَّ في المَضاجِعِ\". قال حَمّادٌ: يَعنِى النِّكاح (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3220>بابٌ: لا يُجاوِزُ بها في هِجرَةِ الكَلامِ ثَلاثًا</span>\n\n١٤٨٨٩ - حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ\n_________\n(^١) السخلة: ولد الشاة من المعز والضأن ساعة توضع. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) تيعر: من اليُعار، وهو صوت الشاة. معالم السنن ١/ ٥٤.\n(^٣) مسند الشافعي ١/ ٩٤ (٨٠). وتقدم في (٢٣٠، ٢٣٨، ٣٦٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢١٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٩٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به مطولًا. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٧٨).","vol":"15","page":145},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَحاسَدوا ولا تَقاطَعوا ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللهِ إخوانًا، ولا يَحِلُّ لمسلِمٍ أن يَهجُرَ أخاه فوقَ ثَلاثٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعِ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\nوفِي حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ لمسلِمٍ أن يَهجُرَ أخاه فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3221>بابُ ما جاءَ في ضَربِها</span>\n\n١٤٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وخُطبَتِه بعَرَفَةَ قال: \"اتَّقوا اللهَ في النِّساءِ، فإِنَّكُم أخَذتُموهُنَّ بأَمانَةِ اللهِ، واستَحلَلتُم فُروجَهُنَّ بكَلِمَةِ اللهِ، وإِنَّ لَكُم عَلَيهِنَّ ألَّا يوطِئنَ فُرُشَكُم أحَدًا تَكرَهونَه، فإِن فعَلنَ ذَلِكَ فاضرِبوهُنَّ ضَربًا غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، ولَهُنَّ عَلَيكُم رِزقُهُنَّ وكِسوَتُهُنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٣٥٥)، والشعب (٦١٩٢، ٦٦١٦)، والأربعين الصغرى (١٠٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٢٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٥٩/ ٢٣)، والبخاري (٦٠٦٥، ٦٠٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٢٥٦١/ ٢٦).","vol":"15","page":146},{"text":"بالمعروفِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن إياسِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي ذُبابٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تضرِبوا إماءَ اللهِ\". قال: فَذَئرَ النِّساءُ وساءَت أخلاقُهُنَّ على أزواجِهِنَّ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ذَئِرَ النِّساءُ (^٣) وساءَت أخلاقُهُنَّ على أزواجِهِنَّ مُنذُ نَهَيتَ عن ضَربِهِنَّ. قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فاضرِبوهُنَّ\". قال: فضَرَبَ الناسُ نِساءَهُم تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ. قال: فأَتَى نِساءٌ كَثيرٌ يَشتَكينَ الضَّربَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - حينَ أصبَحَ: \"لَقَد أطافَ بآلِ محمدٍ اللَّيلَةَ سَبعونَ امرأَةً كُلُّهُنَّ يَشتَكينَ الضَّربَ، وايمُ اللهِ، لا تَجِدونَ أولَئكَ خيارَكُم\" (^٤). بَلَغَنا عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىِّ أنَّه قال: لا يُعرَفُ لإياسٍ صُحبَةٌ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٤٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧، ١٤٨٤٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢١٨).\n(^٣) ذئر النساء: نفرن واجترأن. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٧٩٤٥)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤١٨٩). وسيأتي في (١٤٨٩٧).\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٤٠.","vol":"15","page":147},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ قالَت: كان الرِّجالُ نُهوا عن ضَربِ النِّساءِ، ثُمَّ شَكَوهُنَّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فخَلَّى بَينَهُم وبَينَ ضَربِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ قالت: لَقَد طافَ اللَّيلَةَ بآلِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - سَبعونَ امرأةً كُلُّهُنَّ قَد ضُرِبَت. قال يَحيَى: وحَسِبتُ أنَّ القاسِمَ قال: ثُمَّ قيلَ لَهُم بَعدُ: \"ولَن يَضرِبَ خيارُكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٤٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ (^٢)، حدثنا سعيدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أُمِّ أيمَنَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أوصَى بَعضَ أهلِ بَيتِه فقال: \"لا تُشرِكْ باللهِ وإِن عُذِّبتَ وإِن حُرِّقتَ، وأَطِعْ والِدَيكَ، وإِن أمَراكَ أن تَخرُجَ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ فاخرُجْ، ولا تَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ مُتَعَمِّدًا، فإِنَّه مَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ مُتَعَمِّدًا فقَد بَرِئَت مِنه ذِمةُ اللهِ، إيّاكَ والخَمرَ، فإِنَّها مِفتاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ، وإيَّاكَ والمعصيَةَ، فإِنَّها لسَخَطِ اللهِ، لا تُنازِعَنَّ الأمرَ أهلَه وإِن رأيتَ أنَّ لَكَ، ولا تَفِرَّ مِنَ الزَّحفِ، وإِن أصابَ النّاسَ مُوتانٌ (^٣) وأَنتَ فيهِم فاثبُتْ، أنفِقْ على أهلِ بَيتِكَ مِن طَولِكَ، ولا تَرفَعْ عَصاكَ عَنهُم، وأَخِفْهُم في اللهِ ﷿\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩١.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"بكير\".\n(^٣) الموتان: الموت الكثير الوقوع. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٥٩٤)، وأبو مسهر في نسخته (٤)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ =","vol":"15","page":148},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: في هَذا إرسال؛ مَكحولٌ لم يُدرِكْ أُمَّ أيمَنَ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ في هَذا الحديثِ: قال الكِسائىُّ وغَيرُه: يُقالُ: إنَّه لَم يُرِدِ العَصا التي يُضرَبُ بها، ولا أمَرَ أحَدًا قَطُّ بذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَّه أرادَ الأدَبَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وأَصلُ العَصا الاجتِماعُ والائتِلافُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3222>بابٌ: لا يُسأَلُ الرَّجُلُ فيمَ ضَرَبَ امرأتَهُ</span>؟\n\n١٤٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُسلِىِّ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: ضِفتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ لِي: يا أشعَثُ، احفَظْ عَنِّى ثَلاثًا حَفِظتُهُنَّ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَسأَلِ الرَّجُلَ فيمَ ضَرَبَ امرأتَه؟ ولا تَنامَنَّ إلَّا على وِترٍ\". ونَسيتُ الثّالِثَةَ (^٢). وقالَ غَيرُه عن أبي داودَ في هَذا الإسنادِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُسلِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3223>بابٌ: لا يَضرِبُ الوَجهَ ولا يُقَبِّحُ ولا يَهجُرُ إلَّا في البَيتِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= دمشق ٣٥/ ٣٢٦، ٦٠/ ١٩٩ من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^١) غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٤٧). وفيه: داود بن عبد الله عن عبد الرحمن. ونسب عبد الرحمن في بعض نسخه: \"الأودى\"، وفى نسخة: \"السلمى\". وأثبتها المحقق \"المسلى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٢) عن الطيالسي به. وأبو داود (٢١٤٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٦) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وفى هذه المصادر: داود بن عبد الله عن عبد الرحمن المسلى. كما عند أبي داود الطيالسي. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٣١).","vol":"15","page":149},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو قَزَعَةَ سوَيدُ بنُ حُجَيرٍ الباهِلِىُّ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ القُشَيرِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما حَقُّ زَوجَةِ أحَدِنا عَلَيه؟ قال: \"أن تُطعِمَها إذا طَعِمتَ، وتَكسوَها إذا اكتَسَيتَ، ولا تَضربَ الوَجهَ، ولا تُقَبِّحَ، ولا تَهجُرَ إلَّا في البَيتِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3224>بابُ الاختيارِ في تَركِ الضَّربِ</span>\n\n١٤٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ يَعنِى الثَّورِيَّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الله بنِ زَمعَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيَضرِبُ أحَدُكُمُ امرأتَه كما يَضرِبُ العَبدَ ثُمَّ يُجامِعُها في آخِرِ اليَومِ! \" (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ قال: وعَظَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - النّاسَ في النِّساءِ فقالَ: \"يَضرِبُ أحَدُكُمُ امرأتَه ضَربَ العَبدِ ثُمَّ يُعانِقُها مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ! \". رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٠٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٤٢) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٢٢) من طريق حماد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧١، ١١١٠٤، ١١٤٣١) من طريق أبي قزعة به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٧٥): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدي (٥٦٩)، وأحمد (١٦٢٢٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٦) من طريق ابن عيينة به. وابن حبان (٤١٩٠) من طريق الثوري به. والترمذي (٣٣٤٣) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"15","page":150},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىِّ (^١)، وفِي مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن الحُمَيدِىِّ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن إياسِ بنِ أبي ذُبابٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَضرِبوا إماءَ اللهِ\". فجاءَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: ذَئرَ النِّساءُ على أزواجِهِنَّ. فأَذِنَ لَهُم فضَرَبوا، فأَطافَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نِساءٌ كَثيرٌ فقالَ: \"لَقد أطافَ بآلِ محمدٍ اللَّيلَةَ سَبعونَ امرأةً، كُلُهُنَّ يَشتَكينَ أزواجَهُنَّ، ولا تَجِدونَ أولَئكَ خيارَكُم\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3225>بابُ الحَكمَينِ في الشِّقاقِ بَينَ الزَّوجَينِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥].\n\n١٤٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٢٠٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٧٧، ٤٩٤٢، ٦٠٤٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٨٥٥/ ٤٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٢٧)، وفى المعرفة (١٤٥٥٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٤٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٥) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٤٨٩١).","vol":"15","page":151},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ أنَّه قال في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾. قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ وامرأةٌ إلَى علىٍّ - ﵁ -، ومَعَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما فِئامٌ مِنَ النّاسِ، فأَمَرَهُم علىٌّ - ﵁ -، فبَعَثوا حَكَمًا مِن أهلِه وحَكَمًا مِن أهلِها، ثُمَّ قال لِلحَكَمَينِ: تَدريانِ ما عَلَيكُما؟ عَلَيكُما إن رأيتُما أن تَجمَعا أن تَجمَعا، وإِن رأيتُما أن تُفَرِّقا أن تُفَرِّقا. قالَتِ المَرأَةُ: رَضيتُ بكِتابِ الله بما علىَّ فيه ولِىَ. وقالَ الرَّجُلُ: أمّا الفُرقَةُ فلا. فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: كَذَبتَ واللهِ حتَّى تُقِرَّ بمِثلِ الذي أقَرَّت بهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٨٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال علىٌّ - ﵁ -: كَلَّا واللهِ، لا تَنقَلِبُ حتَّى تُقِرَّ بمِثلِ ما أقَرَّت بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٠٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٥/ ١٩٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٨٣)، وفى التفسير ١/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧١٨، وابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ٩٤٥ (٥٢٨٢) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٢٨ - تفسير).","vol":"15","page":152},{"text":"وهِشامٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ بمِثلِه، فقالَتِ المَرأَةُ: رَضيتُ وسَلَّمتُ. فقالَ الزوجُ (^١): أمّا الفُرقَةُ فلا. فقالَ علىٌّ - ﵁ -: لَيسَ ذاك لَكَ، لَستَ ببارِحٍ حَتَّى تَرضَى بمِثلِ ما رَضيَت بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ العَلاءِ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على المَرأَةِ وقالَ: أرَضيتِ بما حَكما؟ قالَت: نَعَم، قَد رَضيتُ بكِتابِ اللهِ علَىَّ ولِىَ. ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على الرَّجُلِ فقالَ: قَد رَضيتَ بما حَكما؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن أرضَى أن يَجمَعا، ولا أرضَى أن يُفَرِّقا. فقالَ له علىٌّ - ﵁ -: كَذَبتَ واللهِ، لا تَبرَحُ حَتَّى تَرضَى بمِثلِ الَّذِى رَضيَت بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ سَمِعَه يقولُ: تَزَوَّجَ عَقيلُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فاطِمَةَ بنتَ عُتبَةَ فقالَت: اصبِرْ لِي وأُنفِقُ عَلَيكَ. فكانَ إذا دَخَلَ عَلَيها قالَت: أينَ عُتبَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ؟ وأَينَ شَيبَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ؟ فقالَ: على يَسارِكِ في النّارِ إذا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"الرجل\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٢٩ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧١٨ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٩٥.","vol":"15","page":153},{"text":"دَخَلتِ. فشَدَّت عَلَيها ثيابَها فجاءَت عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - فذَكَرَت له ذَلِكَ، فأَرسَلَ ابنَ عباسٍ ومُعاويَةَ - ﵄ - فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لأُفَرِّقَنَّ بَينَهُما. وقالَ مُعاويَةُ: ما كُنتُ لأُفَرِّقَ بَينَ شَيخَينِ مِن بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ. قال: فأَتاهُما فوَجَدَهُما قَد شَدّا عَلَيهِما أثوابَهُما وأَصلَحا أمرَهُما (^١).\nورَوَى عِكرِمَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بُعِثتُ أنا ومُعاويَةُ حَكَمَينِ فقيلَ لَنا: إن رأيتُما أن تُفَرِّقا فرَّقتُما، وإِن رأيتُما أن تَجمَعا جَمَعتُما (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: إنِ اجتَمَعَ رأيُهُما على أن يُفَرِّقا أو يَجمَعا فأَمرُهُما جائزٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: ﴿إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا﴾. قال: يَعنِى الحَكَمَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٩١)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٦، ١٩٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٨٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٥، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٨٥)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ١٥٩، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٥ من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٣، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤١)، وابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ٩٤٥ (٥٢٨٣) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤٧)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٩٤٦ (٥٢٨٦) من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"15","page":154},{"text":"١٤٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، قال: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إذا حَكَمَ أحَدُ الحَكَمَينِ ولَم يَحكُمِ الآخَرُ فلَيسَ حُكمُه بشَئٍ حَتَّى يَجتَمِعا.\n\n١٤٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُصَينٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّ امرأةً نَشَزَت على زَوجِها فاختَصموا إلَى شُرَيحٍ فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: ابعَثوا حَكَمًا مِن أهلِه وحَكَمًا مِن أهلِها. ففَعَلوا، فنَظَرَ الحَكَمانِ إلَى أمرِهِما، فرأيا أن يُفَرِّقا بَينَهُما، فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: ففيمَ كُنّا فيه اليَومَ؟ وأَجازَ أمرَهُما (^١).\n\n١٤٩٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: ما حَكَم الحَكَمانِ مِن شَئٍ جازَ، إن فرَّقا أو جَمَعا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٣٠ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٥ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٣١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٢٢٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٤، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤٢) من طريق إسماعيل به، وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة وابن جرير وابن المنذر: إن فرقا وإن جمعا.","vol":"15","page":155},{"text":"وعن عَبيدَةَ [عن إبراهيمَ] (^١) مِثلَه.\n\n١٤٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ (^٢) بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن الحَكَمَينِ فقالَ: لَم أُدرِكْ إذ ذاكَ. فقُلتُ: إنَّما أسأَلُكَ عن الحَكَمَينِ اللَّذَينَ في القُرآنِ. قال: يَبعَثُ حَكَمًا مِن أهلِه وحَكَمًا مِن أهلِها، فيُكَلِّمونَ أحَدَهُما ويَعِظونَه، فإِن رَجَعَ، وإلَّا كَلَّموا الآخَرَ ووَعَظوه، فإِن رَجَعَ وإلَّا حَكما، فما حَكما مِن شَئٍ فهو جائزٌ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾. قال: إنَّما عَلَيهِما أن يُصلِحا، وأَن يَنظُرا في ذَلِكَ، ولَيسَ الفُرقَةُ في أيديهِما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\nوالأثر عند سعيد بن منصور (٦٣٢ - تفسير).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"وهيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٨٨)، وسعيد بن منصور (٦٣٣ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧٢٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٧١٩، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٧٤٦)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٢٨٥) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"15","page":156},{"text":"هَذا خِلافُ ما مَضَى، وهو أصَحُّ قَولَىِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀، وعَلَيه يَدُلُّ ظاهِرُ ما رُوّينا عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - إلَّا أن يَجعَلاها (^١) إلَيهِما، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3226>بابُ المُتَشَبِّعِ بما لَم يَنَلْ وما يُنهَى عنه مِنِ افتِخارِ الضَّرَّةِ</span>\n\n١٤٩١٠ - حدثنا الشَّيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ إملاءً، وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، وأبو العباسِ [أَحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ] (^٢) الشّاذياخِىُّ، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ، عن أسماءَ أنَّها حَدَّثَت أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِي جارَةً، فهَل علىَّ مِن جُناحٍ أن أتَشَبَّعَ مِن زَوجِى بما لَم يُعطِنِى؟ فقالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ المُتَشَبِّعَ بما لَم يُعطَ كَلابِسِ ثَوبَى زورٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٤٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"يجعلاهما\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"محمد بن أحمد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في معجمه (٣٧) من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به. والحميدي (٣١٩)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٢١، ٨٩٢٢) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"15","page":157},{"text":"أيَصلُحُ لِي أن أقولَ: أعطانِى زَوجِى. ولَم يُعطِنِى؟ إنَّ علىَّ ضرَّةً. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"المُتَشَبِّعُ بما لَم يُعطَ كَلابِسِ ثَوبَى زورٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢). وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3227>بابُ غَيرَةِ النِّساءِ ووَجدِهِنَّ</span>\n\n١٤٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ السُّرِّىُّ، حدثنا مِنجابٌ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: استأذَنَت هالَةُ بنتُ خوَيلِدٍ أُختُ خَديجَةَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فعَرَفَ استِئذانَ خَديجَةَ، فارتاعَ لِذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هالَةَ\". فغِرتُ فقُلتُ: ما تَذكُرُ مِن عَجوزٍ مِن عَجائزِ قُرَيشٍ حَمراءِ الشِّدقَينِ، هَلَكَت في الدَّهرِ قَد أبدَلَكَ اللهُ خَيرًا مِنها (^٤)؟! رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن (^٥) إسماعيلَ بنِ الخَليلِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، كِلاهُما عن عليِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٦).\n\n١٤٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣١٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٣٠) عقب (١٢٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢١٩)، ومسلم (٢١٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥١٧١، ٢٥٢١٠)، وابن حبان (٧٠٠٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"إنما قال البخاري: وقال إسماعيل بن الخليل. . .\".\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٨٢١)، ومسلم (٢٤٣٧/ ٧٨)، وعلقه البخاري كما أشار في حاشية الأصل.","vol":"15","page":158},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: ما غِرتُ على امرأةٍ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما غِرتُ على خَديجَةَ - ﵂ - مِمَّا كُنتُ أسمَعُ مِن ذِكرِه لَها، ما تَزَوَّجَنِى إلَّا بَعدَ مَوتِها بثَلاثِ سِنينَ، ولَقَد أمَرَه رَبُّه أن يُبَشِّرَها ببَيتٍ في الجَنَّةِ مِن قَصبٍ (^١) لا نَصبَ فيه ولا صخَبَ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3228>بابُ ذَبِّ الرَّجُلِ عن ابنَتِه في الغَيرَةِ والإِنصافِ</span>\n\n١٤٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: سمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ بَنِى المُغيرَةِ استأذَنونِى أن يُنكِحوا ابنَتَهُم علىَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ، فلا آذَنُ، ثُمَّ لا آذَنُ، ثُمَّ لا آذَنُ إلَّا أن يُريدَ ابنُ أبي طالِبٍ أن يُطَلِّقَ ابنَتِى ويَنكِحَ ابنَتَهُم، إنَّما هِىَ بَضعَةٌ مِنِّى يَريبُنِى ما رابَها، ويؤذينِى ما آذاها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) القصب: قصب اللؤلؤ: وهو ما استطال منه في تجويف، وكل مجوف قصب. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٤٩٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في دلائل النبوة ٢/ ٣٥١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣١٠، ٢٥٦٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٦٣٠)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨١٦ - ٣٨١٨، ٥٢٢٩، ٦٠٠٤، ٧٤٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٤٣٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٢٦)، وأبو داود (٢٠٧١)، والترمذي (٣٨٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى =","vol":"15","page":159},{"text":"١٤٩١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"يَريبُنِى ما رابَها\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ وقُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ الخُراسانِىِّ العَدلُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِىُّ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، [حدثنا أبو اليمانِ] (^٤)، حدثنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أنَّ المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَرَه، أنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - خَطَبَ بنتَ أبي جَهلٍ وعِندَه فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا سَمِعَت بذَلِكَ فاطِمَةُ أتَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت له: إنَّ قَومَكَ يَتَحَدَّثونَ أنَّكَ لا تَغضَبُ لِبَناتِكَ، وهَذا علىٌّ ناكِحٌ بِنتَ أبي جَهلٍ. قال المِسوَرُ: فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فسَمِعتُه حينَ تَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَّا بَعدُ، فإِنِّى أنكَحتُ أبا العاصِ، فحَدَّثَنِى فصَدَقَنِى، وإِنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ\n_________\n= (٨٥١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٥٥)، من طريق الليث به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩٥٥)، وابن شاهين في جزء فضائل فاطمة (١٨) من طريق أبي الوليد الطيالسي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٣٠، ٥٢٧٨)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"البلوى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤١١.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.","vol":"15","page":160},{"text":"محمدٍ بَضعَةٌ مِنِّى، وإِنِّى أكرَهُ أن يَفتِنوها، وإِنَّه واللهِ لا تَجتَمِعُ ابنَةُ رسولِ اللهِ وابنَةُ عَدوِّ اللهِ عِندَ رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ أبَدًا\" (^١). فتَرَكَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - الخِطبَةَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدَّارِمِىِّ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ حَلحَلَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عليٍّ، عن المِسوَرِ فزادَ: \"حَدَّثَنِى فصَدَقَنِى، ووَعَدَنِى فوَفَى لي، وإِنِّى لَستُ أُحَرِّمُ حَلالًا، ولا أُحِلُّ حَرامًا\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3229>بابُ غَيرَةِ الأزواجِ وغَيرِهِم عِندَ الرِّيبَةِ</span>\n\n١٤٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنِ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبي، عن الأوزاعِىِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، والحَديثُ لِلعباسِ، حَدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ الغَيرَةِ ما يُحِبُّ اللهُ، ومِنها ما يُبغِضُ اللهُ، فالغَيرَةُ التي يُحِبُّ اللهُ، الغَيرَةُ في الرّيبَةِ، والغَيرَةُ التي يُبغِضُ اللهُ، الغَيرَةُ في غَيرِ الرّيبَةِ، والخُيَلاءُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٢)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٩) من طريق أبي اليمان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٢١) من طريق شعيب به. وأبو داود (٢٠٦٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٩/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٣)، والبخاري عقب (٣٧٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٩/ ٩٥)، وابن حبان (٦٩٥٦) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"15","page":161},{"text":"التي يُحِبُّ اللهُ اختيالُ الرَّجُلِ بنَفسِه عِندَ القِتالِ وعِندَ الصَّدَقَةِ، والاختيالُ الَّذِى يُبغِضُ اللهُ الخُيَلاءُ في الباطِلِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3230>بابُ ما جاءَ في دُخولِ الحَمّامِ</span>\n\n١٤٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن أبي عُذرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى الرِّجالَ والنِّساءَ عن دُخولِ الحَمّاماتِ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لِلرِّجالِ أن يَدخُلوا وعَلَيهِمُ الأُزُرُ، ولَم يُرَخِّصْ لِلنِّساءِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الرّوذبارِىِّ: نَهَى عن دُخولِ الحَمّاماتِ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لِلرِّجالِ أن يَدخُلوها في المَيازِرِ.\n\n١٤٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن أبي مَلِيحٍ الهُذَلِىِّ، أنَّ نِساءً مِن أهلِ الشامِ أو مِن أهلِ حمصَ دَخَلنَ على عائشةَ - ﵂ - فقالَت: أنتُنَّ اللَّاتِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٢٥١١) من طريق الأوزاعي به، وأبو داود (٢٦٥٩) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتي في (١٨٥٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق في مسنده (١٣٧٤) من طريق هشام بن عبد الملك به. وتقدم في (٣٢٦٩).","vol":"15","page":162},{"text":"يَدخُلنَ نِساؤُكُنَّ الحَمّاماتِ؟ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِنِ امرأةٍ تَضَعُ ثيابَها في غَيرِ بَيتِ زَوجِها إلَّا هَتَكَتِ السِّترَ بَينَها وبَينَ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذلِكَ عن أبي مُسلِمٍ الخَولانِىِّ عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - (^٢). وعن السّائبِ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها سَتُفتَحُ لَكُم أرضُ الأعاجِمِ، وستَجِدونَ فيها بُيوتًا يُقالُ لَها: الحَمّاماتُ. فلا يَدخُلَنَّها الرِّجالُ إلَّا بالأُزُرِ، وامنَعوا النِّساءَ أن يَدخُلنَها إلَّا مَريضَةً أو نُفَساءَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"احذَروا بَيتًا يُقالُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٨٤٦)، والطيالسى (١٦٢١)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٨٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٤٠٧)، وأبو داود (٤٠١٠) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (٣٧٥٠) من طريق منصور به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٨٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٣٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٦٩)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٣١٤ (٧١٠)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٧٧٧٥)، والآداب (٧٤٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠١١)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٤٨) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن زياد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٦٦).","vol":"15","page":163},{"text":"له: الحَمّامُ\". قيلَ: فإِنَّه يُذْهِبُ الوَسَخَ ويَنفَعُ؟ قال: \"فمَن دَخَلَه فليَستَتِرْ\" (^١). قال سُلَيمانُ: هَكَذا رَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ وغَيرُه مَقطوعًا، ورَواه يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٤٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"احذَروا بَيتًا يُقالُ له: الحَمّامُ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه يُنتَفَعُ به ويُنَقِّى الوَسَخَ؟ قال: \"فاستَتِروا\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: رَواه الجُمهورُ عن الثَّورِىِّ على الإرسالِ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ، وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، ورَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، وغَيرُهُم عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ مُرسَلًا.\nورُوِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ مَوصولًا (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٧) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. والفاكهى في أخبار مكة ٣/ ١٠١ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٤٨٨٨) عن يوسف بن موسى به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٢٧٧: ورجاله عند البزار رجال الصحيح إلا أن البزار قال: رواه الناس عن طاوس مرسلًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٨٨ من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"15","page":164},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِىِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يَدخُلِ الحَمّامَ إلَّا بمِئزَرٍ، مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ مِن نِسائكُم فلا يَدخُلْنَ الحَمّامَ\" (^١). قال: فنَمَى ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ في خِلافَتِه، فكَتَبَ إلَى أبي بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: أن سَلْ محمدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ عن حَديثِه فإِنَّه رِضًا. فسألَه، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فمَنَعَ عُمَرُ النِّساءَ مِنَ الحَمّامِ.\n\n١٤٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن حُدَيرِ بنِ كُرَيبٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، أنَّه كان يَدخُلُ الحَمّامَ فيَقولُ: نِعمَ البَيتُ الحَمّامُ؛ يَذْهَبُ بالوَسَخِ، ويُذَكِّرُ النّارَ. ويَقولُ: بئسَ البَيتُ الحَمّامُ؛ لأنَّه يَكشِفُ عن أهلِه الحَياءَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٢٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ ويَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ أنَّه سألَ نافِعًا مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ عن الحَمّامِ لِلنِّساءِ قال: لَسنا نَراه حَرامًا، ولَكِنَّا نَنهَى نِساءَنا عَنه. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٥٩٧) عن أحمد بن الحسن به. والطبراني في الكبير (٣٨٧٣)، والأوسط (٨٦٥٨) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. والحاكم ٤/ ٢٨٩ من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٩٦: يعقوب لا أدرى من هو. انتهى كلام الذهبي. وهو يعقوب بن إبراهيم الأنصاري المدني. الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٠١، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٥١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٧٣)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٥٠٢) من طريق عطية بن قيس عن أبي الدرداء، وليس فيهما: ويقول: بئس البيت الحمام. . .","vol":"15","page":165},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ: ثُمَّ سألتُ بُكَيرًا عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لَسنا نَراه حَرامًا؛ ﴿وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ﴾ [النور: ٦٠].\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: نِعمَ البَيتُ الحَمّامُ يَذْهَبُ بالوَسَخِ، ويُذَكِّرُ النَّارَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3231>بابُ ما جاءَ في خِضابِ الرِّجالِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى لا يَصبُغونَ فخالِفوهُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٤٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الشعب (٧٧٨١)، والخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (١٢٨٤)، والآداب (٧١٨)، والحميدي (١١٠٨)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٨٧١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٧٤)، وأبو داود (٤٢٠٣)، والنسائي (٥٢٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٢١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٨٩٩)، ومسلم (٢١٠٣).","vol":"15","page":166},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ - ﵁ -: أخَضَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: إنَّه لَم يَرَ مِنَ الشَّيبِ إلَّا قَليلًا (^١).\n\n١٤٩٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٣٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، عن حمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ (ح). وأَخبَرَنِى عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ قال: سُئلَ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ - ﵁ - عن خِضابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: لَو شِئتُ أن أعُدَّ شَمَطاتٍ (^٤) كُنَّ في رأسِه فعَلتُ. وقالَ: لَم يَختَضِبْ، وقَدِ اختَضبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالحِنّاءِ والكَتَمِ (^٥)، واختَضَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بالحِناءِ بَحْتًا (^٦). لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٢٣٠ من طريق على بن الحسن الهلالي به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٢٢٩، ٢٣٠.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٩٤)، ومسلم (٢٣٤١/ ١٠٢).\n(^٤) الشمط: الشيب، والشمطات: الشعرات البيض التي كانت في شعر رأسه، يريد قلتها. النهاية ٢/ ٥٠١.\n(^٥) الكتم: نبات يصبغ به الشعر يكسر بياضه أو حمرته إلى الدهمة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٦) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٢٣١ بالإسناد الثاني. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٣٦٤) من طريق أبي الربيع به. وأحمد (١٣٣٧٢)، وأبو داود (٤٢٠٩) من طريق حماد به. وقوله: بحتًا: معناه خالصًا غير مخلوط بغيره","vol":"15","page":167},{"text":"أبي الرَّبيعِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: قال: عن (^١) أنَسٍ - ﵁ -: لَو شِئتُ أن أعُدَّ شَمَطاتٍ كُنَّ في لِحيَتِه. قال: وخَضَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالحِنّاءِ والكَتَمِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: أخبرَنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَهضمِىُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا المُثَنَّى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: يُكرَهُ أن يَنتِفَ الرَّجُلُ الشعَرَةَ البَيضاءَ مِن رأسِه أو (^٤) لِحيَتِه. قال: ولَم يَخضِبْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، إنَّما كان البَياضُ في عَنفَقَتِه، وفِي الصُّدغَينِ، وفِي الرأسِ نَبْذٌ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٦). كَذا قال أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَخضِبْ.\n\n١٤٩٣٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٤٣٢ من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٩٥)، ومسلم (٢٣٤١/ ١٠٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"و\".\n(^٥) نبذ: أي قليل متبدد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (٧١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٠٩) من طريق المثنى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٣٤١/ ١٠٤).","vol":"15","page":168},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ أبي مُطيعٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، فأَخرَجَت إلينا شَعَرًا مِن شَعَرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَخضوبًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن سَلَّامِ بنِ أبي مُطيعٍ (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو نُعَيمٍ: حدثنا نُصَيرُ بنُ أبي الأشعَثِ، عن ابنِ مَوهَبٍ، أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - أرَته شَعَرَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أحمَرَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن أبي رِمثَةَ أنَّه انطَلَقَ نَحوَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فإِذا هو ذو وفرَةٍ بها رَدعُ (^٤) حِنّاءٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3232>بابُ ما يُصبَغُ بهِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ الدّيلِىِّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أحسَنَ ما غُيِّرَ به هَذا الشَّيبُ الحِنّاءُ والكَتَمُ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٣٩، ٢٦٧١٣، ٢٦٧٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٢٣) من طريق سلام بن أبي مطيع به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٨٩٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨٩٨).\n(^٤) الردع: الصبغ. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٦٢.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٥٩٩٦).\n(^٦) أبو داود (٤٢٠٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٧٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٣٠٧)، وابن حبان (٥٤٧٤)، =","vol":"15","page":169},{"text":"١٤٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أنَّه كان يُصَفِّرُ لحيَتَه بالخَلوقِ (^١)، ويُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يُصَفِّرُ (^٢).\nورُوِى أيضًا عن ابنِ أبي رَوّادٍ عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن بَنِى طاوُسٍ، عن أبيهِم، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: مَرَّ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ وقَد خَضَبَ بالحِنّاءِ فقالَ: \"ما أحسَنَ هَذا! \". ثُمَّ مَرَّ رَجُلٌ بَعدَه قَد خَضَبَ بالحِنّاء والكَتَمِ قالَ: \"هَذا أحسَنُ [مِن هَذا] (^٤) \". ثُمَّ مَرَّ آخَرُ قَدِ اختَضَبَ بالصُّفرَةِ فقالَ: \"هَذا أحسَنُ مِن هَذا كُلِّه\". قال: وكانَ طاوُسٌ يَخضِبُ بالصُّفرَةِ (^٥).\n\n١٤٩٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n= وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٤٢).\n(^١) الخلوق: طيب يخلط بالزعفران. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٦٤٠٣). وأخرجه ابن سعد ١/ ٤٣٨ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢١٠)، والنسائي (٥٢٥٩) من طريق ابن أبي رواد به.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٢). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٠٩٢٢) من طريق الحجاج به. وفيه: عن ابن طاوس عن أبيه.","vol":"15","page":170},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا عاصمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيهِ (^١).\n\n١٤٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الله الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵄ - قال: أُتِىَ بأَبِى قُحافَةَ - ﵁ - يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ ورأسُه ولحيَتُه كالثَّغامَةِ (^٢) بَياضًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"غَيروا هَذا بشَئٍ واجتَنبوا السَّوادَ\" (^٣). سَقَطَ مِن رِواية أبي زَكَريّا ذِكرُ جابِرٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ ابنِ السَّرحِ (^٤).\nورُوِى في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٤٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢١١) وليس عنده: وكان طاوس يخضب بالصفرة. وابن ماجه (٣٦٢٧) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٠٢).\n(^٢) الثغامة: نبت أو شجر يقال له: الثغام، وهو أبيض الثمر والزهر. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٠)، وأبو داود (٤٢٠٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٠٩١)، وابن حبان (٥٤٧١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٠٢/ ٧٩).","vol":"15","page":171},{"text":"مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبي رَوّادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، ذَكَرَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"غَيِّروا الشَّيبَ ولا تَشَبَّهوا باليَهودِ، واجتَنِبوا السَّوادَ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ خالِدٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَكونُ في آخِرِ الزَّمانِ قَومٌ يَخضِبونَ بهَذا السَّوادِ كَحَواصِلِ الطَّيرِ، لا يَريحونَ رائحَةَ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي قَبيلٍ المَعافِرِىِّ أنَّه قال: دَخَلَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وقَد صَبَغَ رأسَه ولحيَتَه بالسَّوادِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: مَن أنتَ؟ قال: أنا عمرُو بنُ العاصِ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: عَهدِى بكَ شَيخًا وأَنتَ اليَومَ شابٌّ، عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ إلَّا ما خَرَجتَ فغَسَلتَ هَذا السَّوادَ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٢٩ عن أحمد بن محمد الشرقى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٠)، وأبو داود (٤٢١٢)، والنسائي (٥٠٩٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد الحكم في فتوح مصر ص ١٧٩ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"15","page":172},{"text":"يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ بَحرَ بنَ نَصرٍ يقولُ: كان الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ يَخضِبُ (^١). وقالَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِىُّ: رأيتُ محمدَ بنَ إدريسَ الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀ يَخضِبُ لِحيَتَه بالحِنّاءِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3233>بابُ نَتفِ الشَّيبِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسنِ (^٢) البَجَلِىُّ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا [أبو بكرٍ] (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي دارِمٍ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى المَروَرُّوذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ العُثمانِىُّ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن نَتفِ الشَّيبِ وقالَ: \"إنَّه مِن نورِ الإسلامِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٩٤٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا (^٥) حامدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَنتِفوا الشَّيبَ، فإِنَّه ما مِن مُسلِمٍ يَشيبُ شَيبةً (^٦) في الإسلامِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ٦٨، وأبو نعيم في حلية الأولياء ٩/ ٦٧، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥١/ ٢٧٣ بسنده عن الزعفراني قال: كان الشافعي. . .\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٨، م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٨٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث عن عمرو به.\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"محمد بن\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ١٧٢.\n(^٦) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"15","page":173},{"text":"إلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ له بها حَسَنَةً، وحَطَّ عنه بها خَطيئَةً\" (^١).\n\n١٤٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رزمُويَه (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَنزِعوا الشَّيبَ، فإِنَّ أحَدَكُم لا يَشيبُ شَيبَةً في الإسلامِ إلَّا رَفَعَه اللهُ تَعالَى بها دَرَجَةً، وكَتَبَ له بها حَسَنَةً، ومَحا عنه بها سَيِّئَةً\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3234>بابُ ما جاءَ في خِضابِ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ قال: قالَت بُهَيَّةُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ أن يَرَى المَرأَةَ لَيسَ في يَدِها أثَرُ حِنّاءٍ أو أثَرُ خِضابٍ (^٤).\n\n١٤٩٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٠٢) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٦٦٧٥) عن يحيى به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٣٩): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"زرقويه\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الفضل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ١٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٥).","vol":"15","page":174},{"text":"عن محمدٍ الرَّمّامِ (^١) قال: حَدَّثَتنِى كَريمَةُ بنتُ هَمّامٍ قالَت: كُنتُ عِندَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - فسألَتها امرأَةٌ عن الخِضابِ بالحِنّاءِ فقالَت: كان سَيِّدِى - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ ريحَه. أو (^٢): لا يُحِبُّ ريحَه، ولَيسَ يَحرُمُ عَلَيكُنَّ أخَواتِى أن تَختضِبْنَ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى سائرُ ما رُوِىَ فيه في بابِ ما تُبدِى المَرأَةُ مِن زينَتِها (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3235>بابُ ما لا يَجوزُ لِلمَرأَةِ أن تَتَزَيَّنَ بهِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ الواشِمَةَ والمُستَوشِمَةَ والواصِلَةَ والمُستَوصلَةَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٦).\n\n١٤٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"البرام\". وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٤/ ٣٠٢. وفي حاشية الأصل: \"معنى الرمام. . .\" ومكان النقط كلمة غير واضحة.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"و\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تخضبن\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (٧٢٦). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٨٩٩: أخرج نحوه أبو داود والنسائي من حديث على بن المبارك عن كريمة، وهو أصلح إسنادًا من الذي قبله. اهـ. وتقدم في (٩١٩٦).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٦٦٨ - ١٣٦٨٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٤١٦٨) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٤٧٢٥)، وابن حبان (٥٥١٣) من طريق يحيى به. والترمذي (٢٧٨٣)، والنسائي (٥١١٠)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٧) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٩٤٧)، ومسلم (٢١٢٤/ ١١٩).","vol":"15","page":175},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ - قال: لَعَنَ اللهُ الواشِماتِ والمُستَوشِماتِ والمُتَنَمِّصاتِ والمُتَفَلِّجاتِ لِلحُسنِ المُغَيراتِ خَلقَ اللهِ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ امرأةً مِن بَنِى أسَدٍ يُقالُ لَها: أُمُّ يَعقوبَ. وكانَت تَقرأُ القُرآنَ فأَتَته فقالَت: ما حَديثٌ بَلَغَنِى عَنكَ أنَّكَ لَعَنتَ الواشِماتِ والمُستَوشِماتِ والمُتَنَمِّصاتِ والمُتَفَلِّجاتِ لِلحُسنِ المُغَيِّراتِ خَلقَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: وما لِى لا ألعَنُ مَن لَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو في كِتابِ الله؟ فقالَت: لَقَد قَرأتُ ما بَينَ لَوحَىِ المُصحَفِ فما وجَدتُه. فقالَ: لَئن كُنتِ قَرأتيه لَقَد وجَدتيه، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ [الحشر: ٧]. قالَت: فإِنِّى أرَى شَيئًا مِن هَذا على امرأتِكَ. قال: فاذهَبِى فانظُرِى. فنَظَرَت فلَم تَرَ شَيئًا فقالَت: ما رأيتُ شَيئًا. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: أما لَو كان ذَاكَ لَم تُجامِعْنا (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ. رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعُثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: تَفسيرُ الواصِلَةِ: التي تَصِلُ الشَّعَرَ بشَعَرِ النِّساءِ، والمُستَوصِلَةُ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤١٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٢٩)، والترمذي (٢٧٨٢)، والنسائي (٥١١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٩)، وابن حبان (٥٥٠٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٣٩، ٥٩٣١)، ومسلم (٢١٢٥/ ١٢٠).","vol":"15","page":176},{"text":"المَعمولُ بها، والنّامِصَةُ: التي تَنقُشُ الحاجِبَ حَتَّى تُرِقَّه، والمُتَنَمِّصَةُ: المَعمولُ بها، والواشِمَةُ: التي تَجعَلُ الخِيلانَ (^١) في وجهِها بكُحلٍ أو مِدادٍ، والمُستَوشِمَةُ: المَعمولُ بها (^٢).\nوقال الفَرّاءُ: النّامِصَةُ: التي تَنتِفُ الشَّعَرَ مِنَ الوَجهِ، ومِنه قيلَ لِلمِنقاشِ: المِنماصُ؛ لأنَّه يُنتَفُ بهِ (^٣).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ تَغرِزُ ظَهرَ كَفِّها أو مِعصَمَها بإِبرَةٍ أو مِسَلَّةٍ حَتَّى تُؤَثِّرَ فيه، ثُمَّ تَحشوه بالكُحلِ أو بالنَّئورِ (^٤) فيَخضَرُّ، يُقالُ مِنه: وشَمَت تَشِمُ وشمًا فهِىَ واشِمَةٌ، والأُخرَى مَوشومَةٌ ومُستَوشِمَةٌ. وأَمّا المُتَفَلِّجاتُ فهِىَ مِن تَفليجِ الأسنانِ وتَوشيرِها، وهو أن تُحَدِّدَها حَتَّى تَكونَ في أطرافِها رِقَّةٌ كما تكونُ في أسنانِ الأحداثِ، تَفعَلُه المَرأَةُ الكَبيرَةُ المُتَشَبِّهَةُ للتشبُّهِ (^٥) بأولَئكَ (^٦). هَذا مَعنَى قَولِ أبي عُبَيدَةَ وأَبِى عُبَيدٍ.\n_________\n(^١) الخيلان: جمع الخال، وهي النقط التي تكون في الجسد سوداء، وهي الشامات. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤١٧٠).\n(^٣) ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) في س: \"بالنورة\". والنئور: كصبور؛ هو دخان الشحم الذي يلتزق بالطست يعالج به الوشم ويحشى حتى يخضرّ. التاج ١٤/ ٣٠٧ (ن ور).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"المتشبهة\"، وعند أبي عبيد: \"تتشبه\".\n(^٦) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٦٦، ١٦٧.","vol":"15","page":177},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3236>كتابُ الخُلعِ والطلاقِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3237>بابُ الوَجهِ الَّذِى تَحِلُّ به الفِديَةُ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩].\n\n١٤٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّها أخبَرَته عن حَبيبَةَ بنتِ سَهلٍ أنَّها أخبَرَتها أنَّها كانَت عِندَ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ الشَّمَّاسِ - ﵁ -، وأَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ إلَى الصُّبحِ فوَجَدَ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ سَهلٍ عِندَ بابِه في الغَلَسِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن هَذِهِ؟ \". فقالَت: أنا حَبيبَةُ بنتُ سَهلٍ. فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكِ؟ \". فقالَت: لا أنا ولا ثابِتٌ - لِزَوجِها - فلَمّا جاءَ ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذه حَبيبَةُ بنتُ سَهلٍ قَد ذَكَرَت ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن تَذكُرَ\". فقالَت حَبيبَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كُلُّ ما أعطانِي عِندِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِثابِتِ بنِ قَيسٍ: \"خُذْ مِنها\". فأَخَذَ مِنها وجَلَسَت في أهلِها (^١).\n\n١٤٩٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٢٧)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٦٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٤٤٤)، والنسائي (٣٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٤٨).","vol":"15","page":179},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن حَبيبَةَ بنتِ سَهلٍ أنَّها أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في الغَلَسِ وهِىَ تَشكو شَيئًا ببَدَنِها وهِىَ تَقولُ: لا أنا ولا ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسٍ. فقالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" يا ثابِتُ خُذْ مِنها\". فأَخَذَ مِنها وجَلَسَت (^١).\n\n١٤٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ امرأةَ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسٍ جاءَت إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يارسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ ما أعتِبُ على ثابِتٍ في خُلُقٍ ولا دينٍ، ولَكِن أكرَهُ الكُفرَ في الإسلامِ. فقالَ: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"يا ثابِتُ، اقبَلِ الحَديقَةَ وطَلِّقْها تَطليقَةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أزهَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ (^٣).\nوأَرسَلَه غَيرُه عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ:\n\n١٤٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ أُختَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَيٍّ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينٍ (^٤). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٩٤)، ومسند الشافعي ٢/ ٩٥ (١٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٤٦٣) عن أزهر بن جميل به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٦) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٧٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٧٤).","vol":"15","page":180},{"text":"عن خالِدٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n١٤٩٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ غَزوانَ أبو نوحٍ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: جاءَتِ امرأةُ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أنقِمُ على ثابِتٍ في دينٍ ولا خُلُقٍ، غَيرَ أنِّى أخافُ الكُفرَ في الإسلامِ. فقالَ: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فأَمَرَها أن تَرُدَّ عَلَيه، ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ المُخرِّمِيِّ عن قُرادٍ أبى نوحٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فرَدَّت عَلَيه، وأَمَرَه ففارَقَها (^٣).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - بمَعناه (^٤).\nورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ جَميلَةَ. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٥٢٧٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٣٠). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٥٠) من طريق الدورى به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٧٥٩)، والطبراني ٢٤/ ٢١١ (٥٤٢) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٧٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الإسماعيلي - كما في الفتح ٩/ ٤٠.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٢٧٧).","vol":"15","page":181},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ.\n\n١٤٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفامِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ العَوَقيُّ (^١)، حدثنا هَمَامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ جَميلَةَ بنتَ السَّلولِ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - تُريدُ الخُلعَ، فقالَ لَها: \"ما أصدَقَكِ؟ \". قالَت: حَديقَةً. قال: \"فرُدِّى عَلَيه حَديقَتَه\".\n\n١٤٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ جَميلَةَ بنتَ السَّلولِ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، ما أعتِبُ على ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ في خُلُقٍ ولا دينٍ، ولَكِنِّى لا أُطيقُه بُغضًا، وأَكرَهُ الكُفرَ في الإسلامِ. فقالَ: \"تَرُدّينَ (^٢) عَلَيه حَديقَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يأخُذَ مِنها ما ساقَ إلَيها ولا يَزدادَ (^٣).\nكَذا رَواه عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ مَوصولًا، وأَرسَلَه غَيرُه عَنه:\n\n١٤٩٥٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"العرفى\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أتردين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٨٣٤)، ٢٤/ ٢١١ (٥٤١) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٦) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٧٣).","vol":"15","page":182},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال أبو نَصرٍ يَعنِى عبدَ الوَهّابِ بنَ عَطاءٍ: سألتُ سعيدًا عن الرَّجُلِ يَخلَعُ امرأتَه بأَكثَرَ ممّا أعطاها، فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّ جَميلَةَ بنتَ السَّلولِ أتَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ فُلانًا - تَعنِى زَوجَها ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسٍ - واللَّهِ ما أعتِبُ عَلَيه. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه غيرَ أنَّه قال: ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وقالَ: \"خُذْ ما أعطَيتَها ولا تَزدَدْ\" (^١).\nقالَ عبدُ الوَهّابِ: قال سعيدٌ: حدثنا أيّوبُ عن عِكرِمَةَ بمِثلِ ما قال قَتادَةُ عن عِكرِمَةَ إلَّا أنَّه قال: لا أحفَظُ: \"ولا تَزدَدْ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٤٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - تَشكو زَوجَها، فقالَ: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم، وزيادَةً. قال: \"أمّا الزّيادَةُ فلا\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أتَتِ امرأةٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب البغدادي في الأسماء المبهمة ص ٤١٧ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب الأصم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٧١١) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"15","page":183},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي أُبغِضُ زَوجِى وأُحِبُّ فِراقَه. فقالَ: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَته التي أصدَقَكِ؟ \". قال: وكانَ أصدَقَها حَديقَةً. قالَت: نَعَم، وزيادَةً. قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أمّا الزّيادَةُ مِن مالِكِ فلا، ولكِنِ الحَديقَةُ\". قالَت: نَعَم. فقَضَى بذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على الرَّجُلِ، فأُخبِرَ بقَضاءِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: قَد قَبِلتُ قَضاءَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غُندَرٌ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ مُرسَلًا مُختَصَرًا.\n\n١٤٩٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يأخُذُ مِنَ المُختَلِعَةِ أكثَرَ ممّا أعطاها\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحُمَيديُّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣)\nوبِمَعناه رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n١٤٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وقَبيصَةُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يأخُذَ مِنها أكثَرَ ممّا أعطَى.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٣٣. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٣٢١ - ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق (١٦٩٣) - من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٣٢، وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٢٨) ووقع فيه: ابن أبي نجيح. بدلًا من: ابن جريج. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٣٧، ٢٣٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٥٥ من طريق الحميدي به.","vol":"15","page":184},{"text":"قال: وأخبرَنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، قال وكيعٌ: سألتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ عنه فلَم يَعرِفْه وأَنكَرَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه إنَّما أنكَرَه بهَذا اللَّفظِ، فإِنَّما الحَديثُ باللَّفظِ الَّذِى رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ وغَيرُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٤٩٦٢ - وقَد رَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا خاصَمَ امرأتَه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم، وزيادَةً. فقال النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"أمّا الزّيادَةُ فلا\". أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو شيخٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا عمرٌو النّاقِدُ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. فذَكَرَه. وهَذا غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، والصَّحيحُ بهَذا الإسنادِ ما تَقَدَّمَ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٤٩٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابوريُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّ ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ كانَت عِندَه زَينَبُ بنتُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبيٍّ ابنِ سَلولَ، وكانَ أصدَقَها حَديقَةً فكَرِهَته، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أتَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه التي أعطاكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم، وزيادَةً. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أمّا الزّيادَةُ فلا، ولَكِنْ حَديقَتُه\". قالَت: نَعَم. فأَخَذَها له وخَلَّى سَبيلَها، فلَمّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ - ﵁ - قال: قَد قَبِلتُ قَضاءَ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٣٢.","vol":"15","page":185},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. سَمِعَه أبو الزُّبَيرِ مِن غَيرِ واحِدٍ (^١). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٤٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ الأصَمُّ القَنطَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ بنِ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: أرادَت أُختِى تَختَلِعُ مِن زَوجِها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - مَعَ زَوجِها، فذَكَرَت له ذَلِكَ، فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه ويُطَلِّقُكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم (^٢). فقالَ لَها الثّانيَةَ: \"تَرُدّينَ عَلَيه حَديقَتَه ويُطَلِّقُكِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم وأَزيدُه. فقالَ لَها الثّالِثَةَ فقالَت: نَعَم، وأَزيدُه. فخَلَعَها، فرَدَّت عَلَيه حَديقَتَه وزادَته.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ عن عَطيَّةَ (^٣)، والحَديثُ المُرسَلُ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٤٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ العباسِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال في المُختَلِعَةِ: تَختَلِعُ بما دونَ عِقاصِ (^٤) رأسِها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، وفي م: \"نعم وأزيد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٥٤ - ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى في التحقيق (١٦٩٠) - من طريق الحسن بن عمارة به.\n(^٤) العقاص: الخيط الذي يعقص به أطراف الذوائب. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١١.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٣/ ٣٢١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٧٢٦) من طريق همام به.","vol":"15","page":186},{"text":"١٤٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى كَثيرٌ مَولَى سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ امرأةً نَشَزَت مِن زَوجِها في إمارَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فأَمَرَ بها إلَى بَيتٍ كَثيرِ الزِّبلِ، فمَكَثَت فيه ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، ثُمَّ أخرَجَها فقالَ لَها: كَيفَ رأيتِ؟ قالَت: ما وجَدتُ الرّاحَةَ إلَّا في هذه الأيّامِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: اخلَعْها ولَو مِن قُرطِها (^١).\n\n١٤٩٦٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الخَولانِىِّ، أنَّ امرأةً طَلَّقَها زَوجُها على ألفِ دِرهَمٍ، فرُفِعُ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: باعَكِ زَوجُكِ طَلاقًا بَيعًا. وأَجازَه عُمَرُ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إذا أرادَ النِّساءُ الخُلعَ فلا تَكفُروهُنَّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجها عبد الرزاق (١١٨٥١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٧٢٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٥٧ من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨١٠) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٢٣) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٤٨٨) من طريق أبى هلال به.","vol":"15","page":187},{"text":"١٤٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، [حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيْرٍ] (^١)، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن مَولاةٍ لِصَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ امرأةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّها اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها بكُلِّ شَئٍ لَها، فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذِ بنِ عَفراءَ قالَت: تَزَوَّجتُ ابنَ عَمٍّ لِي فشَقِىَ بى وشَقِيتُ به، وعَنِىَ بى وعَنِيتُ به، وإِنِّى استأدَيتُ (^٣) عَلَيه عثمانَ - ﵁ -، فظَلَّمَنِى وظَلَّمتُه، وكَثَّرَ عليَّ وكَثَّرتُ عَلَيه، وإِنَّها انفَلَتَت مِنِّى كَلِمَةٌ: أنا أفتَدِى بمالِي كُلِّهِ. قال: قَد قَبِلتُ. فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: خُذْ مِنها. قالَت: فانطَلَقتُ فدَفَعتُ إلَيه مَتاعِى كُلَّه إلَّا ثيابِى وفِراشِى، وإِنَّه قال لِي: لا أرضَى. وإِنَّه استأدانِي علي عثمانَ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا دَنَونا مِنه قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، الشَّرطُ أملَكُ. قال: أجَل، فخُذْ مِنها مَتاعَها كُلَّه حَتَّى عِقاصَها. قالَت: فانطَلَقتُ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٣١) عن أبي زكريا. والشافعي ٣/ ٢١٧، ومالك برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٦٥٦.\n(^٣) استأديت: استعديت. ينظر التاج ٣٧/ ٥٤ (أدى).","vol":"15","page":188},{"text":"ودَفَعتُ إلَيه كُلَّ شَئٍ حَتَّى أجَفتُ (^١) بَينِى وبَينَه البابَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3238>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَنالُها بضَربٍ في بَعضِ ما تَمنَعُه مِنَ الحَقِّ، ثُمَّ يُخالِعُها</span>\n\n١٤٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ أبي الحُسامِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ حَبيبَةَ بنتَ سَهلٍ تَزوَّجَت ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ، فأَصدَقَها حَديقَتَينِ له، وكانَ بَينَهُما اختِلافٌ فضَرَبَها حَتَّى بَلَغَ أن كَسَرَ يَدَها، فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الفَجرِ فوَقَفَت له حَتَّى خَرَجَ عَلَيها فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَذا مَقامُ العائذِ مِن ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ. قال: \"ومَن أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: حَبيبَةُ بنتُ سَهلٍ. قال: \"مما شأنُكِ تَرِبَت يَداكِ؟ \". قالَت: ضَرَبَنِى. فدَعا النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسِ، فذَكَرَ ثابِتٌ ما بَينَهُما، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ماذا أعطَيتَها؟ \". قال: قِطعَتَينِ مِن نَخلٍ، أو: حَديقَتَينِ. قال: \"فهَل لَكَ أن تأخُذَ بَعضَ مالِكَ وتَترُكَ لَها بَعضَهُ؟ \". قال: هَل يَصلُحُ ذَاكَ يا رسولَ الله؟ قال: \"نَعَم \". فأَخَذَ إحداهُما ففارَقَها، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ - ﵁ - بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، فخَرَجَ بها إلَى الشّامِ فتُوفّيَت هُناكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أجاف الباب: أغلقه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٨٥٠)، وابن سعد ٨/ ٤٤٧، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٤٣٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠ من طريق عد الله بن عقيل بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٢٨) من طريق عبد الله بن أبي بكر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٤٩).","vol":"15","page":189},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3239>بابُ الخُلعِ عِندَ غَيرِ سُلطانٍ</span>\n\n١٤٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ رُبَيِّعَ بنتَ مُعَوِّذٍ جاءَت هِىَ وعَمُّها إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وأَخبَرَته أنَّها اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها في زمانِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ -، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عثماد بنَ عَفّانَ فلَم يُنكِرْه، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَر - ﵄ -: عِدَّتُها عِدَّةُ المُطَلَّقَةِ (^١).\n\n١٤٩٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا خَلَعَ [امرأةً له] (^٢) في وِلايَةِ عثمانَ - ﵁ - عِندَ غَيرِ سُلطانٍ، فأَجازَه عثمانُ - ﵁ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3240>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ لِلمَرأَةِ مِن مَسأَلَتِها طَلاقَ زَوجِها</span>\n\n١٤٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٦٠)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٥٦٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"امرأته\"، وفى ص ٨: \"امرأة\".","vol":"15","page":190},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيَّتُما (^١) امرأةٍ سألَت زَوجَها طَلاقًا في غَيرِ ما بأسٍ فحَرامٌ عَلَيها رائحَةُ الجنَّةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ النَّرسِيُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُختَلِعاتُ والمُنتَزِعاتُ هُنَّ المُنافِقاتُ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3241>بابٌ: الخُلعُ هَل هو فسخٌ أو طَلاقٌ</span>؟\n\n١٤٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أيما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٨٤) من طريق وهيب به، وأحمد (٢٢٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٢٢٢٦)، والترمذي (١١٨٧) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٠، وإسماعيل القاضي في جزء حديث أيوب (١٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٢٦) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٢٢٤٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٥) من طريق حماد به. والترمذي (١١٨٧) من طريق أيوب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٤٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٥٨)، والنسائي (٣٤٦١) من طريق وهيب به.","vol":"15","page":191},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: سألَ إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ ابنَ عباسٍ عن امرأةٍ طَلَّقَها زَوجُها تَطليقَتَينِ ثُمَّ اختَلَعَت مِنه، أيَتَزَوَّجُها؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الطَّلاقَ في أوَّلِ الآيَةِ وآخِرِها، والخُلعَ بَينَ ذَلِكَ، فلَيسَ الخُلعُ بطَلاقٍ، يَنكِحُها (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ ولَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بمَعناه مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِيُّ عن سُفيانَ عن عمرٍو عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كُلَّ شَئٍ أجازَه المالُ فلَيسَ بطَلاقٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن جُمْهانَ مَولَى الأسلَميّينَ، عن أُمِّ بكرَةَ الأسلَميَّةِ أنَّها اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أَسِيدٍ، ثُمَّ أتَيا عثمانَ - ﵁ - في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: هِىَ تَطليقَةٌ، إلَّا أن تَكونَ سَمَّيتَ شَيئًا فهو ما سَمَّيتَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٧١)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٥٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٤٨) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٠ من طريق حبيب به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٥٣)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٠ من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٥/ ١١٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٣٩٨)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٣٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن =","vol":"15","page":192},{"text":"وقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ لَم يَثبُتْ إسنادُه، ورُوِىَ فيه عن عليٍّ وابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ -. قال ابنُ المُنذِرِ: وضَعَّفَ أحمدُ - يَعنِى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ - حَديثَ عثمانَ. وحَديثُ عليٍّ وابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ - في إسنادِهِما مَقالٌ، ولَيسَ في البابِ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ. يُريدُ حَديثَ طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -.\n\n١٤٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عُمَرُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الهَرَوِىُّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا حاجًّا، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الاسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ أبي خِداشٍ، حدثنا أبو عِصامٍ رَوّادُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَعَلَ الخُلعَ تَطليقَةً بائنَةً (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عَبّادُ بنُ كَثيرٍ البَصرِيُّ. وقَد ضَعَّفَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٢) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٣) والبُخارِيُّ (^٤)، وتَكَلَّمَ فيه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ (^٥)، وكَيفَ يَصِحُّ ذَلِكَ ومَذهَبُ ابنِ عباسٍ وعِكرِمَةَ بخِلافِه؟ على أنَّه يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به: إذا نَوَى به طَلاقًا أو ذَكَرَه، والمَقصودُ مِنه قَطعُ الرَّجعَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= ص ١٧٦ (٥٦٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٦٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٤٤٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٢٦)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٣٢١ من طريق هشام به.\n(^١) معجم أبى يعلى (٢٣٠). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٤٦، وتمام في فوائده (٨٠٣ - روض)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٦٤٢ من طريق رواد به.\n(^٢) ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٨٤، والكامل ٤/ ١٦٤٠.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٢٩٢، ٢٩٣، وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٨٥، والكامل ٤/ ١٦٤٠.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٣.\n(^٥) ينظر مقدمة صحيح مسلم ١/ ١٣، والكامل ٤/ ١٦٤٠. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٣٤٢٩).","vol":"15","page":193},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3242>بابٌ: المُختَلِعَةُ لا يَلحَقُها الطَّلاقُ</span>\n\n١٤٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵃ - أنَّهُما قالا في المُختَلِعَةِ يُطَلِّقُها زَوجُها قالا: لا يَلزَمُها طَلاقٌ؛ لأنَّه طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وهو قَولُ الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافِعِيُّ: فسألتُه - يَعنِى بَعضَ مَن يُخالِفُه في هذه المَسأَلَةِ - هَل يَروِى في قَولِه خَبَرًا؟ قال: فذَكَرَ حَديثًا لا تَقومُ بمِثلِه حُجَّةٌ عِندَنا ولا عِندَه، فقُلتُ: هَذا عِندَنا وعِندَكَ غَيرُ ثابِتٍ. قال: فقَد قال به بَعضُ التابِعينَ. سَمّاهُم في كِتابِ القَضاءِ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ فقالَ: الشَّعبِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: قُلتُ له: وقَولُ بَعضِ التابِعينَ عِندَكَ لا تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ لَو لَم يُخالِفْهُم غَيرُهُم (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الخَبَرُ الَّذِى ذُكِرَ له فلَم يَقَعْ لَنا إسنادُه بَعدُ لِنَنظُرَ فيه، وقَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٠٠)، وفى الصغرى (٢٦٣٩)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٨٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٤٤٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٨٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٤٠٠)، والأم ٥/ ١١٥.","vol":"15","page":194},{"text":"طَلَبتُه مِن كُتُبٍ كَثيرَةٍ صُنِّفَت في الحديثِ فلَم أجِدْه، ولَعَلَّه أرادَ ما رُوِىَ عن فرجِ بنِ فَضالَةَ بإِسنادِه عن أبي الدَّرداءِ مِن قَولِهِ (^١)، وفَرَجُ بنُ فَضالَةَ ضَعيفٌ (^٢) في الحديثِ، أو ما رُوِىَ عن رَجُلٍ مَجهولٍ عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مِن قَولِه، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ وضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3243>بابُ ما يَقَعُ وما لا يَقَعُ على امرأتِه مِن طَلاقِهِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن جَدِّه، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: إذا جاءَ رَمَضانُ فأَنتِ طالِقٌ ثَلاثًا. وبَينَه وبَينَ رَمَضانَ سِتَّةُ أشهُرٍ، فنَدِمَ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: يُطَلِّقُ واحِدَةً فتَنقَضِى عِدَّتُها قَبلَ أن يَجِئَ رَمَضانُ، فإِذا مَضى خَطَبَها إن شاءَت (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أنَّه قال فيمَن قال لامرأتِه: إن كَلَّمَ أخاه\n_________\n(^١) ورد فيه ما أخرجه عد الرزاق (١١٧٨٢)، وابن بطة في إبطال الحيل (ص ٥٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش عن العلاء بن عتبة اليحصبى عن على بن طلحة الهاشمى قال قال رسول الله ﷺ: \"المختلعة في الطلاق ما كانت في العدة\". ولفظ ابن بطة: \"للمختلعة طلاق ما كانت في العدة\". قال عبد الرزاق: فذكرناه للثورى فقال: سألنا عنه فلم نجد له أصلًا.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٣١٣).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٥/ ٤٤٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٨٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٨٦٧٦) من طريق يحيى عن الضحاك عن ابن مسعود.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٠٧: إسناده ضعيف، ولم يدرك سعد جده، وأبو عتبة ليس بعمدة.","vol":"15","page":195},{"text":"فامرأتُه طالِقٌ ثَلاثًا: فإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَها واحِدَةً، ثُمَّ تَرَكَها حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها، فإِذا بانَت كَلَّمَ أخاه، ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُها بَعدُ إن شاءَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3244>بابٌ: الطَّلاقُ قَبلَ النِّكاحِ</span>\n\n١٤٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا طَلاقَ قَبلَ نِكاحٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِيُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا مسلمٌ هو ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ هو الدَّستُوائيُّ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا طَلاقَ فيما لا يَملِكُ، ولا عِتقَ إلَّا فيما يَملِكُ\". هَذا لَفظُ حديثِ هِشامٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ قال: \"لَيسَ على الرَّجُلِ طَلاقٌ فيما لا يَملِكُ، ولا بَيعٌ فيما لا يَملِكُ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٠٢)، وفى الصغرى (٢٦٤٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه أبو عروبة الحرانى في أحاديثه (٢٨) من طريق حسين المعلم به.","vol":"15","page":196},{"text":"عِتقٌ فيما لا يَملِكُ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاحٍ، ولا عِتقَ إلَّا بَعدَ مِلكٍ\" (^٣).\nورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ؛ بَعضُهُم قال: عن جَدِّه. كما قال مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ، وبَعضُهُم قال: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو. كما قال حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدّورِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ ثِقَةٌ (^٤).\nسَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا الوَليدِ الفَقيهَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ بنَ سُفيانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ راهُويَه يقولُ: إذا كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٧٦٩) من طريق سعيد به. والنسائي (٤٦٢٦) من طريق سعيد عن أبي رجاء عن مطر به بذكر البيع فحسب. والترمذي (١١٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٤٧) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٩٠). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩١٦).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٣٧٩).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٩٧، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٢/ ٤٤٦.","vol":"15","page":197},{"text":"الرّاوِى عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ ثِقَةً، فهو كأيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\nأَخبَرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ: عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أبو إبراهيمَ السَّهمِيُّ القُرَشِيُّ، سَمِعَ أباه وسَعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وطاوُسًا، رَوَى عنه أيّوبُ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ وعَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ والزُّهرِىُّ والحَكَمُ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وعَمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أحمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ: سَمِعتُ مُعتَمِرًا يقولُ: قال أبو عمرِو ابنُ العَلاءِ: كان قَتادَةُ وعَمرُو ابنُ شُعَيبٍ لا يُعابُ عَلَيهِما شَئٌ إلَّا أنَّهُما كانا لا يَسمَعانِ شَيئًا إلَّا حَدَّثا به. قال البخاريُّ: رأيتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ وعَلِيَّ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ والحُمَيدِيَّ وإِسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ يَحتَجّونَ بحَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيَّ يقولُ: قَد صَحَّ سَماعُ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ مِن أبيه شُعَيبٍ، وسَماعُ شُعَيبٍ مِن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ في بابِ وطءِ المُحرِمِ، وفِي كِتابِ البُيوعِ في بابِ الخيارِ ما دَلَّ على سَماعِ شُعَيبٍ مِن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٠٥، ١٩٧، ٥٠٠.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٤٢، ٣٤٣.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٥٠.","vol":"15","page":198},{"text":"عمرٍو (^١)، إلَّا أنَّه إذا قيلَ: عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه. فإِنَّه يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أُريدَ عن جَدِّه محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو. ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ لَيسَت له صُحبَةٌ، فيَكونُ الخَبَرُ مُرسَلًا. وإِذا قال الرّاوِي: عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو. أزالَ (^٢) الإشكالَ، وصارَ الحَديثُ مَوصولًا، واللَّهُ تعالى أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ هَذا الحَديثُ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ:\n\n١٤٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عَطاءٍ و(^٣) محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - يَرفَعُه قال: \"لا طَلاقَ قَبلَ نِكاحٍ، ولا عِتقَ قَبلَ مِلكٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٤٩٨٧ - ورَواه أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، حَدَّثَنِى جابِرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا طَلاقَ لِمَن لَم يَملِكْ، ولا عَتاقَ (^٥) لِمَن لَم يَملِكْ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّاز، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٨٦٩، ١٠٥٤٧).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"زال\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٠٢، ١٨٠٠٣). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤٢٠ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"عتق\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٤٦١)، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٢٢٤)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٤٣ من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به.","vol":"15","page":199},{"text":"وخالَفَه أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ فرَواه كما:\n\n١٤٩٨٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ عَطاءً، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا طَلاقَ لمَن لَم يَنْكِحْ (^١)، ولا عَتاقَ لمَن لَم يَملِكْ\" (^٢).\nورَواه غَيرُه أيضًا عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n١٤٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، ويَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، وأبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، والحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي قالوا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ قال: جِئتُ محمدَ بنَ المُنكَدِرِ وأَنا مُغضَبٌ فقُلتُ: آللهِ أنتَ أحلَلْتَ لِلوَليدِ بنِ يَزيدَ أمَّ سلمةَ؟ قال: أنا! ولَكِن رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، حَدَّثَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ - ﵁ - أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا طَلاقَ لِما (^٣) لا تملِكُ، ولا عِتقَ لِما لا تَملِكُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يملك\".\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٧٨٧).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"لمن\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٩، ٤٢٠. وأخرجه ابن المقرئ في معجمه (١٠٨٦)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق =","vol":"15","page":200},{"text":"ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٤٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَبّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن ابنَيْ جابِرٍ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدٍ، عن أبيهِما وأَبِى عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا طَلاقَ قَبلَ نِكاحٍ، ولا عِتقَ قَبلَ مِلكٍ، ولا رَضاعَ بَعدَ فِصالٍ، ولا وِصالَ، ولا صَمتَ يَومٍ إلَى اللَّيلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٤٩٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا اليَمانُ أبو حُذَيفَةَ وخارِجَةُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ؛ فأَمّا خارِجَةُ فحَدَّثَنا عن حَرامِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن أبي عَتيقٍ، عن جابِرٍ. وأَمّا اليَمانُ فحَدَّثَنا عن أبي عَبسٍ، عن جابِرٍ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا رَضاعَ بَعدَ فِصالٍ، ولا يُتمَ بَعدَ احتِلامٍ، ولا عِتقَ إلَّا بَعدَ مِلكٍ، ولا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاحٍ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n_________\n= ٥٦/ ٣٩، ٦٩/ ٢٢٠ من طريق صدقة بن عبد الله به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٠٨: صدقة ضعيف. ويظر علل ابن أبي حاتم (١٢٢٢).\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٨٩٩) من طريق حرام بن عثمان به. والطيالسى (١٨٧٣) من طريق حرام عن أبى عتيق وحده به، مقتصرًا على الوصال.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٨٧٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٨٩٩، ١٥٩١٩)، والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٣٥٤ - بغية)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٨٥٢، ٨٥٣ من طريق حرام بن عثمان به مطولا. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٠٩: حرام واه، وكذلك اليمان.","vol":"15","page":201},{"text":"١٤٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاحٍ، ولا عِتقَ إلَّا بَعدَ مِلكٍ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ المَخزومِيُّ عن طاوُسٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا ذَلِكَ أيضًا في الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - وابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ وغَيرِهِم - ﵃ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤). وهو قَولُ عليٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ وعائشَةَ - ﵃ -.\n\n١٤٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ العَنبَرِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: \"لا طَلاقَ إلَّا مِن بَعدِ نِكاحٍ\" (^٥).\nورَواه مُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ عن الحَسَنِ أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٩. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٩)، والدارقطني ٤/ ١٤ من طريق طاوس به بنحوه.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٠٩: لكنه - يعني طاوسًا - لم يدرك معاذًا.\n(^٣) تقدم مسندًا في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤١٩ من حديث ابن عمر.\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٤٤)، وفى المعرفة (٤٤٠٣) من طريق سعدان به.","vol":"15","page":202},{"text":"قال: قُلتُ: إن تَزَوَّجْتُ فُلانَةَ فهِىَ طالِقٌ؟ قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: تَزَوَّجْها فلا شَئَ عَلَيكَ (^١).\n\n١٤٩٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن جوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ سَبرَةَ ومَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: لا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ العَنبَرِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لا طَلاقَ إلَّا مِن بَعدِ نِكاحٍ، ولا عَتاقَ إلَّا مِن بَعدِ مِلكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٤٩٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ القُشَيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٥٤) من طريق مبارك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٥٠، ١١٤٥١) - ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٠٤٩) - وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٤٥ من طريق جويبر به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٣٣١) من طريق الضحاك به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٩٨) من طريق النزال عن على.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٠٤) من طريق سعدان به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٤٤٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٩٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"15","page":203},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: إنَّما الطَّلاقُ مِن بَعدِ النِّكاحِ (^١).\n\n١٤٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ وأبو حَمزَة جَميعًا، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: ما قالَها ابنُ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -، وإِن يَكُنْ قالَها فزَلَّةٌ مِن عالِمٍ، في الرَّجُلِ يقولُ: إن تَزَوَّجتُ فُلانَةَ فهِىَ طالِقٌ. قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩]. ولَم يَقُلْ: إذا طَلَّقتُمُ المُؤمِناتِ ثُمَّ نَكَحتُموهُنَّ (^٢).\n\n١٤٩٩٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ الخَيّاطُ مِن أهلِ بَغدادَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاحٍ (^٣). كَذا أتَى به مَوقوفًا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ بهَذا الإسنادِ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن بشرِ بنِ السَّرِيِّ عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٤٧) عن قتادة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٤٦)، وفى المعرفة (٤٤٠٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٥ وقال: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٦٦٠) من طريق نعيم بن حماد به، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٠٠) من طريق حماد بن خالد الخياط به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ١٥، ١٦ من طريق الزهري به. والحاكم ٢/ ٤١٩ من طريق عروة به.","vol":"15","page":204},{"text":"عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n١٤٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ الهادِ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي الحَكَمِ، أنَّ ابنَ أخيه خَطَبَ ابنَةَ عَمٍّ له فتَشاحّوا (^٢) في بَعضِ الأمرِ، فقالَ الفَتَى: هِىَ طالِقٌ إن نَكَحتُها حَتَّى آكُلَ الغَضيضَ - والغَضيضُ: طَلعُ النَّخلِ الذَّكَرِ - ثُمَّ نَدِموا على ما كان مِنَ الأمرِ، فقالَ المُنذِرُ: أنا آتيكُم مِن ذَلِكَ بالبَيانِ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ إلَى سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ فقُلتُ له: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِى خَطَبَ ابنَةَ عَمٍّ له، فشَجَرَ بَينَهُم بَعضُ الأمرِ فقالَ: هِىَ طالِقٌ إن نَكَحتُها حَتَّى آكُلَ الغَضيضَ. قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ؛ طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ. ثُمَّ إنِّي سألتُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئُ؛ طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ. ثُمَّ سألتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ؛ طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ. ثُمَّ سألتُ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ؛ طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ. ثُمَّ سألتُ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ؛ طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ. ثُمَّ سألتُ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ فقالَ: هَل سألتَ أحَدًا؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. فسَمّاهُم، قال: ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٦٧ من طريق هشام بن سعد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فتشاجرا\".","vol":"15","page":205},{"text":"رَجَعتُ إلَى القَومِ فأَخبَرتُهُم بما سألتُ عَنه (^١).\n\n١٥٠٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سَلَمَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ قال: كَتَبَ الوَليدُ بنُ يَزيدَ إلَى أُمَراءِ الأمصارِ أن يَكتُبوا إلَيه بالطَّلاقِ قَبلَ النِّكَاحِ، وكانَ قَدِ ابتُلِىَ بذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ إلَى عامِلِه باليَمَنِ، فدَعا ابنَ طاوُسٍ وإِسماعيلَ بنَ شَروسٍ وسِماكَ بنَ الفَضلِ، فأَخبَرَهُمُ ابنُ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه، وإِسماعيلُ بنُ شَروسٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، وسِماكٌ عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، أنَّهُم قالوا: لا طَلاقَ قَبلَ النِّكاحِ. قال: ثُمَّ قال سِماكٌ مِن عِندِه: إنَّما النِّكاحُ عُقدَةٌ تُعقَدُ، والطَّلاقُ يَحُلُّها، وكَيفَ تُحَلُّ عُقدَةٌ قَبلَ أن تُعقَدَ؟ فأُعجِبَ الوَليدُ مِن قَولِه وأَخَذَ به، وكَتَبَ إلَى عامِلِه باليَمَنِ أن يَستَعمِلَه على القَضاءِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ المُعاذِىُّ (^٣)، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الصَّوّافُ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ قال: إذا قال الرَّجُلُ: يَومَ أتَزَوَّجُ فُلانَةَ فهِىَ طالِقٌ. فلَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٥١، ٣٥٢.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١١٤٦٩). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٩/ ٢٢١ من طريق يعقوب به.\n(^٣) قال عبد الغافر: ثقة مشهور، كثير الحديث والشيوخ. المنتخب (٩٠٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٣٣، ١٠٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٠٩، ١٨٠١٠) من طرق عن على بن حسين بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":206},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ أبى المُغيرَةِ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلِىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ (^١). ورَواه قَتادَةُ عن الحَسَنِ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَطاءٍ وعِكرِمَةَ. ورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^٢). ورَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن أبي الشَّعثاءِ (^٣). ورَواه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظِيِّ (^٤)، وقالَ الحَسَنُ بنُ رَواحٍ الضَّبِّيُّ: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ ومُجاهِدًا وعَطاءً عن رَجُلٍ قال: يَومَ أتَزَوَّجُ فُلانَةَ فهِىَ طالِقٌ. قالوا: لَيسَ بشَئٍ. وقالَ سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: يا ابنَ أخِى، أيَكونُ سَيلٌ قَبلَ مَطَرٍ؟ (^٥)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3245>بابُ إباحَةِ الطَّلاقِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ١].\n\n١٥٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الخَضِرُ بنُ أبانٍ الهاشِمِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - طَلَّقَ حَفصَةَ ثُمَّ راجَعَها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٢٩) من طريق سليمان عن سعيد بن جبير وعلى بن حسين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٠٨، ١٨٠٣٣) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٢٦) من طريق عمرو بن دينار عن رجل عن أبي الشعثاء.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠١٦) من طريق أسامة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠١٤) من طريق الحسن بن رواح به.\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٤٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٧، وقال: صحيح على شرطهما. وأخرجه أبو داود =","vol":"15","page":207},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي ذُبابٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه - ﵁ - قال: كانَت لِي امرأةٌ كُنتُ أُحِبُّها، وكانَ أبى يَكرَهُها فقالَ لِى: طَلِّقْها. فأَبَيتُ، فأَتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"طَلِّقْها\". فطَلَّقتُها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3246>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَراهيَةِ الطَّلاقِ</span>\n\n١٥٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن مُعَرِّفِ بنِ واصِلٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أبغَضُ الحَلالِ إلَى اللَّهِ الطَّلاقُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= (٢٢٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٠١٦) من طريق يحيى بن زكريا به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٩٨).\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٥٦٢) عن عبدة بن عبد الله عن يحيى بن آدم به. وعبد بن حميد (٤٣) عن ابن أبي شيبة عن يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٨٤٩)، والطيالسى (١٩٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧١١)، وأبو داود (٥١٣٨)، والترمذي (١١٨٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦، ٤٢٧) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٩٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢١٧٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠١٨) من طريق كثير بن عبيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٧٢).","vol":"15","page":208},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا - أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُعَرِّفٌ، عن مُحارِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أحَلَّ اللَّهُ شَيئًا أبغَضَ إلَيه مِنَ الطَّلاقِ\". هَذا حَديثُ أبي داودَ، وهو مُرسَلٌ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ مَوصولًا (^١)، ولا أُراه حَفِظَه.\n\n١٥٠٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مُعَرِّفُ بنُ واصلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ علي عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - امرأةً فطَلَّقَها، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أتَزَوَّجتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ثُمَّ ماذا؟ \". قال: ثُمَّ طَلَّقتُ. قال: \"أمِن ريبَةٍ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"قَد يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ\". قال: ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً أُخرَى فطَلَّقَها، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال مُعَرِّفٌ: فما أدرِى أعِندَ هَذا أو عِندَ الثّالِثَةِ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه لَيسَ شَئٌ مِنَ الحَلالِ أبغَضَ إلَى اللَّهِ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ الوَصّافِيُّ عن مُحارِبٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوصولًا (^٣) مُختَصرًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٦ موصولًا، وأبو داود (٢١٧٧). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٧١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٠).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٤) تقدم قريبًا في (١٥٠٠٤) من طريق محارب به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩١١: الوصافى تالف.","vol":"15","page":209},{"text":"١٥٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ قال: كان رَجُلٌ يقولُ: قَد طَلَّقتُكِ، قَد راجَعتُكِ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَلعَبونَ بحُدودِ اللَّهِ؟ \" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٥٠٠٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَلعَبونَ بحُدودِ اللَّهِ؟ طَلَّقتُكِ، راجَعتُكِ، طَلَّقتُكِ، راجَعتُكِ\".\n\n١٥٠٠٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ما بالُ رِجالٍ\". وقالَ: \"يقولُ أحَدُكُم: قَد طَلَّقتُكِ، قَد راجَعتُكِ\" (^٢). فكأنَّه كَرِهَ الاستِكثارَ مِنه، أو كَرِهَ إيقاعَه في كُلِّ وقتٍ مِن غَيرِ مُراعاةٍ لِوَقتِه المسنونِ:\n\n١٥٠١٠ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٥٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠١٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٥) من طريق مؤمل بن إسماعيل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٤٠).","vol":"15","page":210},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حربٍ، عن يزيدَ (^١) أبى خالِدٍ الدّالانِيِّ، عن أبي العَلاءِ الأودِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِميَرِيِّ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لِمَ يقولُ أحَدُكُم لامرأتِه: قَد طَلَّقتُكِ، قَد راجَعتُكِ؟ لَيسَ هَذا بطَلاقِ المُسلِمينَ، طَلِّقوا المَرأَةَ في قُبُلِ طُهرِها\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّحوِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: كان بَينَ أبى طَلحَةَ وأُمِّ سُلَيمٍ - ﵄ - كَلامٌ، فأَرادَ أبو طَلحَةَ أن يُطَلِّقَ أُمَّ سُلَيمٍ، فَبلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّ طَلاقَ أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ لحُوبٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3247>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَلاقِ السُّنَّةِ وطَلاقِ البِدعَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ١]. وقُرِئَت: (لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٤). وهُما لا يَختَلِفانِ في مَعنًى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٠٦)، والرويانى (٥٧٦)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٩٥٣) من طريق عبد السلام بن حرب به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٢ وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبي بقوله: على واه. وأخرجه البزار (٦٦٢٠)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٣٧ من طريق علي بن عاصم به. والحوب: الإثم. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٦٠٧.\n(^٤) قال النووي: هذه قراءة ابن عباس وابن عمر، وهى شاذة لا تثبت قرآنًا بالإجماع، ولا يكون لها حكم خبر الواحد عندنا وعند محققى الأصوليين. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٠/ ٦٩. قال ابن حجر: ونقلت هذه القراءة أيضًا عن أبيّ وعثمان وجابر وعلى بن الحسين وغيرهم. فتح الباري ٩/ ٣٤٦. وقال أبو حيان: هو على سبيل التفسير لا على أنه قرآن؛ لخلافه سواد المصحف الذي أجمع عليه المسلمون شرقًا وغربًا. البحر المحيط ٨/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٥) الأم ٥/ ١٨٠.","vol":"15","page":211},{"text":"١٥٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجَّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أيمَنَ مَولَى عَزَّةَ يَسأَلُ ابنَ عُمَرَ، وأبو الزُّبَيرِ يَسمَعُ، قال: كَيفَ تَرَى في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه حائضًا؟ قال: طَلَّقَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فسألَ عُمَرُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ليُراجِعْها\". فرَدَّها عليّ وقالَ: \"إذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْ أو يُمسِكْ\". قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: وقَرأ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"يا أيُّها النَّبِيُّ إِذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فَطَلِّقوهُنَّ في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قرأَ: (يا أيُّها النَّبِيُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَّ لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٢٤)، وأبو داود (٢١٨٥)، والنسائي (٣٣٩٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٤).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥٨٧.","vol":"15","page":212},{"text":"١٥٠١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ كان يَقرأُ هَذا الحَرفَ: (فطَلِّقوهُنَّ قُبُلَ عِدَّتِهِنَّ)، أو: (لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^١).\n\n١٥٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: كان مُجاهِدٌ يَقرَؤُها هَكَذا. يَعنِى: (لِقُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٢).\n\n١٥٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فسألَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مُرْه فلْيُراجِعْها ثُمَّ ليَترُكْها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحيضَ [ثُمَّ تَطهُرَ] (^٣)، ثُمَّ إن شاءَ أمسَكَ بَعدُ، وإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ قَبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٥٠٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٢٩٦، وسعيد بن منصور في سننه (١٠٥٩) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س.","vol":"15","page":213},{"text":"يَمَسَّ، فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التي أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن يُطَلِّقَ لَها النِّساءُ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: \"ثُمَّ ليُمسِكْها\". بَدَلَ قَولِه: \"ثُمَّ ليَتركْها\". ولَم يَقُلْ: \"بَعدُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٥٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِي على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مُرْه فلْيُراجِعْها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحيضَ حَيضَةً أُخرَى، فإِذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْها إن شاءَ قَبلَ أن يُجامِعَها، أو يُمسِكْها، فإِنَّها العِدَّةُ التي أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن تُطَلَّقَ لَها النِّساءُ\". فقُلتُ لِنافِعٍ: ما صَنَعَتِ التَّطليقَةُ؟ قال: واحِدَةٌ اعتَدَّت بها (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٠٧)، والشافعي في مسنده ٢/ ٦٥، ٦٦ (١٠٢، ١٠٤)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٦.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٥١)، ومسلم (١٤٧١/ ١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٩٢) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والنسائي (٣٥٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠١٩) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به، وليس عندهم قوله: ما صنعت التطليقة.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٢).","vol":"15","page":214},{"text":"أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ تَطليقَةً واحِدَةً، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُمسِكَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحيضَ عِندَه حَيضَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ مِن حَيضَتِها، فإِن أرادَ أن يُطَلِّقَها فليُطَلِّقْها حينَ تَطهُرُ مِن قَبلِ أن يُجامِعَها، فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التي أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن يُطَلَّقَ لَها النِّساءُ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠١٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فتَغَيَّظَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ليُراجِعْها، ثُمَّ ليُمسِكْها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحيضَ فتطهُرَ (^٣)، فإِن بَدا له أن يُطَلِّقَها، فليُطَلِّقْها طاهِرًا قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ كما أمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٦١) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (١٥٠٤٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٣٢)، ومسلم (١٤٧١).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"ثم تطهر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٣ من طريق الليث به.","vol":"15","page":215},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على بى عليٍّ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الصَّوّافِ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثَكُم جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن طَلاقِ السُّنَّةِ لِلعِدَّةِ فقالَ: أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِي في حَياةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فتَغَيَّظَ عليَّ في ذَلِكَ وقالَ: \"ليُراجِعْها ثُمَّ يُمسِكْها حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً وتَطهُرَ، فإِن شاءَ أن يُطَلِّقَها طاهِرًا قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فذَلِكَ الطَّلاقُ لِلعِدَّةِ كما أمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فراجَعْتُها وحُسِبَت لَها التَّطليقَةُ التي طَلَّقتُها (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٩٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (١٧٨٠) - ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٦١) - من طريق محمد بن مصفى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣٣٩١)، وأبو عوانة (٤٥١٢) من طريق ابن حرب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٧١/ عقب ٤).","vol":"15","page":216},{"text":"١٥٠٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبنُ أخِى الزُّهرِيِّ عن عَمِّه قال: أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِي وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ عُمَرُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فتَغَيَّظَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ليُراجِعْها ثُمَّ ليُمسِكْها حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً مُستَقبَلَةً سِوَى حَيضَتِها التي طَلَّقَها فيها، فإِن بَدا له أن يُطَلِّقَها فليُطَلِّقْها طاهِرًا مِن حَيضَتِها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فذَلِكَ الطَّلاقُ لِلعِدَّةِ كما أمَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿\". وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ طَلَّقَها تَطليقَةً فحُسِبَت مِن طَلاقِها، وراجَعَها عبدُ اللَّهِ كما أمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ أبى الأحوَصِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ (^٣) طَلحَةَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٤١)، وأبو عوانة (٤٥١١)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (٣٤٦٠) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أبى\".","vol":"15","page":217},{"text":"\"مُرْه فليُراجِعْها، ثُمَّ ليُطَلِّقْها طاهِرًا أو حامِلًا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٢٤ - حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِيُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأخرَمُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فسألَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - عن ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مُرْه فليُراجِعْها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحيضَ حَيضَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُ بَعدُ أو يُمسِكُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ في قَولِه: ﴿فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾. قال: طاهِرًا مِن غَيرِ جِماعٍ (^٥). زادَ فيه بَعضُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩١٢)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٠٢٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٨١) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به. وأحمد (٤٧٨٩)، والترمذي (١١٧٦)، والنسائي (٣٣٩٧) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥١٥) من طريق خالد بن مخلد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٢٧) - ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٦١٠) - وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٠٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٢٢، ٢٣ من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"15","page":218},{"text":"الرّواةِ: أو عِندَ حَبَلٍ قَد تَبَيَّنَ (^١). ولَم أجِدْه في الرِّواياتِ المحفوظَةِ.\n\n١٥٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنِى عَمِّى وهبُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يقولُ: الطَّلاقُ على أربَعَةِ وُجوهٍ؛ وجهانِ حَلالٌ ووَجهانِ حَرامٌ، فأَمّا الحَلالُ فأَن يُطَلِّقَها طاهِرًا مِن غَيرِ جِماعٍ، أو يُطَلِّقَها حامِلًا مُستَبينًا حَملُها، وأَمّا الحَرامُ فأَن يُطَلِّقَها حائضًا، أو يُطَلِّقَها حينَ يُجامِعُها لا يَدرِى أشتَمَلَ الرَّحِمُ على ولَدٍ أم لا (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: ما طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ طَلاقَ السُّنَّةِ فيَندَمَ أبَدًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3248>بابٌ: الطَّلاقُ يَقَعُ على الحائضِ وإِن كان بدعيًّا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: بَيِّنٌ - يَعنِى في حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ - أنَّ الطَّلاقَ يَقَعُ على الحائضِ؛ لانَّه إنَّما يُؤمَرُ بالمُراجَعَةِ مَن لَزِمَه الطَّلاقُ، فأَمّا مَن لَم يَلزَمْه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٦ من طريق الأعمش عن إبراهيم عن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٩٥٠)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٤/ ٥، ٣٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الضياء في المختارة (٦٢٥) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"15","page":219},{"text":"الطَّلاقُ فهو بحالِه قَبلَ الطَّلاقِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد ذَكَرنا حَديثَ سالِمٍ ونافِعٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٥٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التُّستَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قُلتُ: رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ فقالَ: أتَعرِفُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأَتَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فسألَه فأَمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَها في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِها. قال: قُلتُ: فيعتَدُّ بها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: أرأيتَ إن عَجَزَ واستَحمَقَ؟ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: فيُعتَدُّ بتِلكَ التَّطليقَةِ؟ قال: أرأيتَ إن عَجَزَ واستَحمَقَ (^٣)؟.\n\n١٥٠٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قُلتُ: رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ قال: تَعرِفُ ابنَ عُمَرَ؟\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٨٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٨٤) من طريق يزيد بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٥١٢١) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٣٣٣).","vol":"15","page":220},{"text":"إنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فسألَ عُمَرُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها. قُلتُ: فيَعتَدُّ بتِلكَ التَّطليقَةِ؟ قال: فمَه؟ أرأيتَ إن عَجَزَ واستَحمَقَ؟ (^١) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: طَلَّقْتُ امرأتِى وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأَتَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ليُراجِعْها، فإِذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْها\". قال: فقُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: فاحتَسَبتَ بها؟ قال: فما يَمنَعُه؟ أرأيتَ إن عَجَزَ واستَحمَقَ؟ (^٣) لَفظُ حَديثِ غُندَرٍ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٧٥)، والنسائي (٣٣٩٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٧).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٠٥٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٥٧) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٥٠٢٥) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٥٢)، ومسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٠).","vol":"15","page":221},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِي وهِىَ حائضٌ. قال: فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -. قال: فقالَ: \"ليُراجِعْها، فإِذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْها\". قال: فقُلتُ له يَعنِى لابنِ عُمَرَ: يُحتَسَبُ بها؟ قال: فمَه؟ (^١) رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه غَيرَ أنَّه قال: \"فليُطَلِّقْها إن شاءَ\". قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفَيُحتَسَبُ بتِلكَ التَّطليقَةِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ سيرينَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن امرأتِه التي طَلَّقَ فقالَ: طَلَّقتُها وهِىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٢ من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. وأحمد (٥٤٣٤)، وأبو عوانة (٤٥٢٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٥٢)، ومسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٢٣)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٠ من طريق بشر بن عمر به.","vol":"15","page":222},{"text":"حائضٌ، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فذَكَرَه لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مُرْه فليُراجِعْها، فإِذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْها لِطُهرِها\". قال: فراجَعْتُها ثُمَّ طَلَّقتُها لِطُهرِها. قُلتُ: فاعتَدت (^١) بتِلكَ التَّطليقَةِ التي طَلَّقتَ وهِىَ حائضٌ؟ قال: ما لِى لا أعتَدُّ بها وإِن كُنتُ عَجَزتُ واستَحمَقتُ؟ (^٢) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ (^٤)، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه حائضًا فقالَ: أتَعرِفُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه حائضًا، فذَهَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه الخَبَرَ، فأَمَرَه أن يَرتَجِعَها. قال: لَم أسمَعْه يَزيدُ على ذَلِكَ لأبيهِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٦).\n\n١٥٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". والذي في المصادر: \"فاعتددت\". وجاء في بعض نسخ المسند في الموضع الثاني: \"فاعتدت\" كما هنا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٢٤) عن الصغانى به. وأحمد (٣٠٤، ٦١١٩) من طريق عبد الملك بن أبى سليمان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ١١).\n(^٤) في س: \"نافع\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٦١)، وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٦١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٣).","vol":"15","page":223},{"text":"قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُراجِعَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، فإِذا طَهَرَت طَلَّقَها (^١).\n\n١٥٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ أبو جَعفَرٍ إملاءً مِن كِتابِه، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فِراسٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: طَلَّقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ واحِدَةً، فانطَلَقَ عُمَرُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه، فأَمَرَه إذا طَهَرَت أن يُراجِعَها، ثُمَّ يَستَقبِلَ الطَّلاقَ في عِدَّتِها، وتَحتَسِبُ بالتَّطليقَةِ التي طَلَّقَ أوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه في حَيضَتِها. قال: فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَرتَجِعَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، فإِذا طَهَرَت فإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ، وإِن شاءَ أمسَكَ قَبلَ أن يُجامِعَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٥٦) عن سفيان به، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩١١) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ١١ من طريق محمد بن سابق به. وهو في مسانيد فراس المكتب (٨)، والطيالسى (٢٠٥٦) مخصر، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥٦٠) من طريق الشعبي به. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩١٦: هو مرسل.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٢٢٥) من طريق علي بن معبد به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٠١٧) - وعنه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٩٥ - من طريق أبى المليح به.","vol":"15","page":224},{"text":"يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأَتَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فجَعَلَها واحِدَةً (^١). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ أبو مَعمَرٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، أخبَرَنا أيّوبُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: حُسِبَت علىَّ بتَطليقَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أيمَنَ مَولَى عُروةَ يَسأَلُ ابنَ عُمَرَ، وأبو الزُّبَيرِ يَسمَعُ، قال: كَيفَ تَرَى في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه حائضًا؟ قال: طَلَّقَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فسألَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ له: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فرَدَّها عليَّ ولَم يَرَها شَيئًا. وقالَ: \"إذا طَهَرَت فليُطَلِّقْ أو ليُمسِكْ\". قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: وقَرأ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: (يا أيُّها النَّبيُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَّ (^٣) في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٦٨). وأخرجه ابن النجاد في مسند عمر (١)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٨١٣)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٩ من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٥٣).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"لعدتهن أي\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢١٨٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٩٦٠) وعنه أحمد (٦٢٤٦) واقتصر على ذكر الآية. وتقدم في (١٥٠١٢).","vol":"15","page":225},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، قال مسلمٌ: أخطأ حَيثُ قال: عُروةَ. وإِنَّما هو مَولَى عَزَّةَ (^١). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَبِى عاصمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، وفيه: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ليُراجِعْها\". فرَدَّها (^٢). وهو في رِوايَةِ بَعضِهِم عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ قال: فقالَ لِي: \"راجِعْها\". فرَدَّها عليَّ ولَم يَرَها شَيئًا.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: وحَديثُ أبى الزُّبَيرِ شَبيهٌ به. يَعنِى بما رَوَى نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الأمرِ بالرَّجعَةِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: ونافِعٌ أثبَتُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، والأثبَتُ مِنَ الحديثَينِ أولَى أن يُقالَ به إذا خالَفَه. قال: وقَد وافَقَ نافِعًا غَيرُه مِن أهلِ الثَّبَتِ في الحديثِ، فقيلَ له: أحُسِبَت تَطليقَةُ ابنِ عُمَرَ عليِّ عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَطليقَةً؟ قال: فمَه؟ وإِن عَجَزَ؟ يَعنِى أنَّها حُسِبَت، والقُرآنُ يَدُلُّ على أنَّها تُحسَبُ، قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. لَم يَخْصُصْ طَلاقًا دونَ طَلاقٍ. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: وقَد يَحْتَمِلُ أن تكونَ لَم تُحسَبْ شَيئًا صَوابًا غَيرَ خَطإٍ، كما يُقالُ لِلرَّجُلِ أخطأ في فِعلِه، وأَخطأ في جَوابٍ أجابَ به: لَم يَصنَعْ شَيئًا. يَعنِى: لَم يَصنَعْ شَيئًا صَوابًا (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ هو\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٧١/ عقب ١٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٤١٤)، واختلاف الحديث ص ٢٦١، ٢٦٢.","vol":"15","page":226},{"text":"السِّجِستانِيُّ قال: الأحاديثُ كُلُّها على خِلافِ ما قال أبو الزُّبَيرِ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَوارِسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي الفَوارِسِ أخو الشيخِ أبى الفَتحِ الحافظِ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سَلْمٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو الصَّلتِ إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ الذّارعُ مِن حِفظِه، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِدتُ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن طَلَّقَ لِلبِدعَةِ ألزَمناه بدعَتَه\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ قال: إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ البصرِىُّ (^٣) مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3249>بابُ الاختيارِ لِلزَّوجِ ألا يُطَلِّقَ إلَّا واحِدَةً</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لِتَكونَ له الرَّجعَةُ في المَدخولِ بها، ويَكونَ خاطِبًا في غَيرِ المَدخولِ بها، ومَتَى نَكَحَها (^٥) بَقِيَت له عَلَيها اثنَتانِ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ، ولا يَحرُمُ عَلَيه أن يُطَلِّقَ اثنَتَينِ ولا ثَلاثًا؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى جلَّ ثناؤُه أباحَ الطَّلاقَ علي أهلِه، وما أباحَ فلَيسَ بمَحظورٍ على أهلِه، وإِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٢١٨٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠، ٤٤، ٤٥ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أمية به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"المصرى\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠. وتقدم عقب (١١٣٣٥).\n(^٥) في م: \"نكحت\".","vol":"15","page":227},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَلَّمَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - مَوضِعَ الطَّلاقِ، ولَو كان في عَدَدِ الطَّلاقِ مُباحٌ ومَحظورٌ عَلَّمَه إن شاءَ اللهُ إيّاه (^١).\n\n١٥٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مُرْه فليُراجِعْها، ثُمَّ ليُطَلِّقْها إذا طَهَرَت، أو وهِىَ حامِلٌ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ أيضًا بما:\n\n١٥٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ أنَّ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ أخبَرَه أنَّ عوَيمِرًا العَجلانِىَّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في اللِّعانِ. قال سَهلٌ: فلَمّا فرَغا مِن تَلاعُنِهِما قال عوَيمِرٌ: كَذَبتُ عَلَيها يا رسولَ اللهِ إن أمسَكتُها. فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يأمُرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٨٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٥)، وأبو داود (٢١٨١). وتقدم في (١٥٠٢٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٥٥)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٥٦٦، ومن طريقه أحمد =","vol":"15","page":228},{"text":"قال في الكِتابِ: فقَد طَلَّقَ عوَيمِرٌ ثَلاثًا بَينَ يَدَىِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ولَو كان ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمًا لَنَهاه عَنه وقالَ: إنَّ الطَّلاقَ وإِن لَزِمَكَ فأَنتَ عاصى بأَن تَجمَعَ ثَلاثًا فافعَلْ كَذا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال لِلمُتَلاعِنَينِ: \"حِسابُكُما على اللهِ، أحَدُكُما كاذِبٌ، لا سبيلَ لَكَ عَلَيها\" (^٢). ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ في رِوايَةِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، ولا الطَّلاقُ الثَّلاثُ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُمَرَ. واحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ أيضًا بحَديثِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنَّ أبا عمرِو ابنَ حَفصٍ طَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ، يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلَمُ ثَلاثًا، فلَمْ يَبلُغْنا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٤٣ - وقَد حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى [أبى، حَدَّثَنِى] (^٤) إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنَّها قالَت: طَلَّقَنِى زَوجِى ثَلاثًا. فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَم يَجعَلْ لَها سُكنَى ولا نَفَقَةً، وأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ عِندَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ (^٥). وفِي رِوايَةِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قالَت: قُلتُ:\n_________\n= (٢٢٨٥١)، والبخاري (٥٢٥٩)، ومسلم (١٤٩٢/ ١)، وأبو داود (٢٢٤٥)، والنسائي (٣٤٠٢)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٤). وتقدم في (١٢٦١٩)، وسيأتي في (١٥٤٠٠، ١٥٤١١).\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٥٤١٤، ١٥٤٢٧، ١٥٤٤٣).\n(^٣) الشافعي ٥/ ١٨٠.\n(^٤) ليس في: س.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٣٨) من طريق حصين به. وسيأتي في (١٥٨١٧).","vol":"15","page":229},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ، زَوجِى طَلَّقَنِى ثَلاثًا، فأَخافُ أن يُقتَحَمَ (^١). فأَمَرَها فتَحَوَّلَت (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ الأخرَمِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى القاسِمُ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا، فتَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فطَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فسُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: أتَحِلُّ لِلأوَّلِ؟ قال: \"لا، حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَها كما ذاقَ الأوَّلُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، كِلاهُما عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وطَلَّقَ رُكانَةُ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ، وهِىَ تَحتَمِلُ واحِدَةً وتَحتَمِلُ الثَّلاثَ، فسألَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن نيَّتِه وأَحلَفَه عَلَيها، ولَم نَعلَمْه نَهَى أن يُطَلِّقَ البَتَّةَ يُريدُ بها ثَلاثًا، وطَلَّقَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - امرأتَه ثَلاثًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ زَنجُويَه، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه ذُكِرَ عِندَه أنَّ الطَّلاقَ الثَّلاثَ بمَرَّةٍ\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ. والمقصود أنها تخشى أن يقتحم عليها بيتها. وستأتى على وجهها في الموضع المشار إليه.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٥٥٨٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٠٤) من طريق يحيى به. وابن حبان (٤١٢٠) من طريق عبيد الله به. وسيأتي في (١٥٠٦٠، ١٥٢٩٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٢٦١)، ومسلم (١٤٣٣/. . .).\n(^٥) الأم ٥/ ١٨٠.","vol":"15","page":230},{"text":"مَكروهٌ فقالَ: طَلَّقَ حَفصُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ المُغيرَةِ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ بكَلِمَةٍ واحِدَةٍ ثَلاثًا، فلَم يَبلُغْنا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - عابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه، وطَلَّقَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا فلَم يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه أحَدٌ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ في ذَلِكَ أيضًا بما رَواه بإِسنادِه عن ابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ - ﵃ - فيمَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها: لا يَنكِحُها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه. قال: وما عابَ ابنُ عباسٍ ولا أبو هريرةَ عَلَيه أن يُطَلِّقَ ثَلاثًا، ولَم يَقُلْ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو: بئسَ ما صَنَعتَ حينَ طَلَّقتَ ثَلاثًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وتِلكَ الآثارُ تَرِدُ بَعدَ هَذا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٤٦ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، أنَّ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ حَدَّثَه، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً وهِىَ حائضٌ، ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يُتبِعَها تَطليقَتَينِ أُخراوَينِ عِندَ القَرءَينِ الباقيَينِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ١٠، ١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ١٢ من طريق شيبان به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٣٨.\n(^٤) ستأتى في (١٥٠٧٢، ١٥٠٨٩، ١٥١٨٥).","vol":"15","page":231},{"text":"فقالَ: \"يا ابنَ عُمَرَ، ما هَكَذا أمَرَكَ اللهُ؛ إنَّكَ قَد أخطأتَ السُّنةَ؛ والسُّنةُ أن تَستقبِلَ الطُّهرَ فتُطَلِّقَ لِكُلِّ قَرءٍ\". قال: فأَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فراجَعْتُها، ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا طَهَرَت فطَلِّقْ عِندَ ذَلِكَ أو أمسِكْ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أفَرأيتَ لَو أنِّى طَلَّقتُها ثَلاثًا، كان يَحِلُّ لِى أن أُراجِعَها؟ قال: \"كانَت تَبينُ مِنكَ، وتَكونُ مَعصيَةً\" (^١).\nهذه الزّياداتُ التي أُتِىَ بها عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ لَيسَت في رِوايَةِ غَيرِه، وقَد تَكَلَّموا فيه، ويُشبِه أن يَكونَ قَولُه: \"وتَكونُ مَعصيَةً\". راجِعًا إلَى إيقاعِ ما كان يوقِعُه مِنَ الطَّلاقِ الثَّلاثِ في حال الحَيضِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٤٧ - وهَكَذا ما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ تَطليقَةً واحِدَةً، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُمسِكَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣١ من طريق معلى. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٤٥٥) من طريق شعيب به. وستأتى في (١٥٠٦٢).\n(^٢) حمل الذهبي ﵀ في المهذب ٦/ ٢٩١٩ كلام المصنف هنا على أنه على شعيب فقال مختصرًا: فهذه الزيادات انفرد بها شعيب وقد تكلموا فيه. ثم قال: قلت: شعيب وثقه الدارقطني وغيره، وقال أبو الفتح الأزدى: لين. اهـ. لكن قال المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٦٣): هذه لفظة تفرد بروايتها عطاء الخراساني والله أعلم. وقال في المعرفة ٥/ ٤٦١: وأما الحديث الذي رواه عطاء الخراساني. . . فإنه أتى في هذا الحديث بزيادات لم يتابع عليها، وهو ضعيف في الحديث لا يقبل منه ما تفرد به. اهـ. وتقدم الكلام على عطاء الخراساني عقب (٩٢١٩).","vol":"15","page":232},{"text":"ثُمَّ تَحيضَ عِندَه حَيضَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ مِن حَيضَتِها، فإِن أرادَ أن يُطَلِّقَها فليُطَلِّقْها حينَ (^١) تَطهُرُ مِن قَبلِ أن يُجامِعَها، فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التي أمَرَ اللهُ ﷿ أن يُطَلَّقَ لَها النِّساءُ، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ قال لأحَدِهِم: إن كُنتَ طَلَّقْتَها ثَلاثًا فقَد حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَكَ، وعَصيتَ اللَّهَ ﷿ فيما أمَرَكَ مِن طَلاقِ امرأتِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: وزادَ فيه غَيرُه عن اللَّيثِ عن نافِعٍ قال: قال ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: لَو طَلَّقْتَ مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ؟ كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أمَرَنِى بهَذا (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٤٨ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ إذا سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ قال لأحَدِهِم: أمّا أنتَ لَو طَلَّقتَ امرأتَكَ مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ؟ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَنِى بهَذا، وإِن كُنتَ طَلَّقتَها ثَلاثًا فقَد حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَكَ، وعَصَيتَ اللهَ فيما أمَرَكَ به مِن طَلاقِ امرأتِكَ (^٥).\nيَعنِى - واللَّهُ أعلَمُ - لا رَجعَةَ في الثَّلاثِ؛ وإِنَّما الرَّجعَةُ في المَرَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"حتى\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٠١٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٣٣٢)، ومسلم (١٤٧١/. . .).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٥٣٣٢) ولفظه: \"فإن النبي. . .\".\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٧١/. . .) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"15","page":233},{"text":"والمَرَّتَينِ، يَعنِى في التَّطليقَةِ والتَّطليقَتَينِ. وقَولُه: وعَصَيتَ اللهَ فيما أمَرَكَ مِن طَلاقِ امرأتِكَ. يَعنِى حينَ طَلَّقْتَها في حالِ الحَيضِ. فيَكونُ قَولُه هَذا راجِعًا إلَى أصلِ المَسأَلَةِ، وأَمّا التَّفصيلُ فإِنَّه لأجلِ إثباتِ الرَّجعَةِ وقَطعِها، لا لِتَعليقِ المَعصيَةِ بأَحَدِهِما دونَ الآخَرِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ. وأَمّا قَولُه في رِوايَةِ نافِعٍ: ثُمَّ يُمسِكَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ تَحيضَ عِندَه حَيضَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ مِن حَيضَتِها.\nفقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أرادَ بذَلِكَ الاستِبراءِ أن يَكونَ يَستَبرِئُها بَعدَ الحَيضَةِ التي طَلَّقَها فيها بطُهرٍ تامٍّ ثُمَّ حَيضٍ تامٍّ؛ ليَكونَ تَطليقُها وهِىَ تَعلَمُ عِدَّتَها؛ الحَملُ هِىَ أمِ الحَيضُ، وليَكونَ يُطَلِّقُ بَعدَ عِلمِه بحَملٍ وهو غَيرُ جاهِلٍ بما صَنَعَ، أو يَرغَبُ فيُمسِكُ لِلحَملِ، وليَكونَ إن كانَت سألَتِ الطَّلاقَ غَيرَ حامِلٍ أن تَكُفَّ عنه حامِلًا. ثُمَّ ساقَ كَلامَه إلَى أن قال: مَعَ أنَّ غَيرَ نافِعٍ إنَّما رَوَى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: حَتَّى تَطهُرَ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ التي طَلَّقَها فيها، ثُمَّ إن شاءَ أمسَكَها وإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ. رَواه يونُسُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ وأَنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ وسالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرُه خِلافَ رِوايَةِ نافِعٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: الرِّوايَةُ في ذَلِكَ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مُختَلِفَةٌ، فأَمّا عن غَيرِه فعَلَى ما قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀.\n\n١٥٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ قال: رَوَى هَذا الحديثَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ يونُسُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٤١٩).","vol":"15","page":234},{"text":"وأَنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ، وسَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، وزيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، وأبو الزُّبَيرِ، ومَنصورٌ عن أبي وائلٍ، مَعناهُم كُلُّهُم أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ إن شاءَ طَلَّقَ وإِن شاءَ أمسَكَ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وأَمّا رِوايَةُ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، ورِوايَةُ نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحيضَ ثُمَّ تَطهُرَ، ثمَّ إن شاءَ طَلَّقَ أو أمسَكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٥٠ - وأَمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه رادُّها إلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: يَنطَلِقُ أحَدُكُم فيَركَبُ الحَموقَةَ ثُمَّ يقولُ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، يا ابنَ عباسٍ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه قال: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]. وإِنَّكَ لَم تَتَّقِ اللَّهَ، فلا أجِدُ لَكَ مَخرَجًا، عَصيتَ رَبَّكَ، وبانَت مِنكَ امرأتُكَ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ قال: (يا أيُّها النَّبِىُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَّ في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٢). هَكَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: ثَلاثًا.\n\n١٥٠٥١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٠)، وأبو داود عقب (٢١٨٥).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٩٧).","vol":"15","page":235},{"text":"عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه مِائَةَ تَطليقَةٍ قال: عَصَيتَ رَبَّكَ، وبانَت مِنكَ امرأتُكَ، لَم تَتَّقِ اللهَ فيَجعَلَ لَكَ مَخرَجًا. ثُمَّ قرأَ: (يا أيُّها النَّبِىُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَّ في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^١).\n\n١٥٠٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ألفًا قال: أمّا ثَلاثٌ فتُحَرِّمُ عَلَيكَ امرأتَكَ، وبَقيَّتُهُنَّ عَلَيكَ وِزرٌ؛ اتَّخَذْتَ آياتِ الله هُزوًا (^٢). ففِى هَذا دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه جَعَلَ الوِزرَ فيما فوقَ الثَّلاثِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن الزَّنجِىِّ عن ابنِ جُرَيحٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في مِائَةٍ قال: وسَبعٌ وتِسعونَ اتَّخَذتَ آياتِ اللهِ هُزُوًا. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فعابَ عَلَيه ابنُ عباسٍ كُلَّ ما زادَ مِن عَدَدِ الطَّلاقِ الَّذِى لَم يَجْعَلْه اللهُ إلَيه، ولَم يَعِبْ عَلَيه ما جَعَلَ اللهُ إلَيه مِنَ الثَّلاثِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٢٣، ٢٤، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٨، والطبراني (١١١٥٧)، والدارقطني ٤/ ١٣ من طريق شعبة به. وعند الطبراني: (لعدتهن).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ١٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٨٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٥٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٣٩.","vol":"15","page":236},{"text":"أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَه قال: حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن أرادَ أن يُطَلِّقَ لِلسُّنَّةِ كما أمَرَ اللَّهُ فليُنظِرْها حَتَّى تَحيضَ ثُمَّ تَطهُرَ، [ثُمَّ ليُطَلِّقْها طاهِرًا في غَيرِ جِماعٍ، ويُشهِدُ رَجُلَينِ، ثُمَّ ليُنظِرْها حَتَّى تَحيضَ، ثُمَّ تَطهُرَ] (^١)، فإِن شاءَ راجَعَ وإِن شاءَ طَلَّقَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٥٤ - ورَواه الأعمَشُ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن أبي الأحوَصِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: طَلاقُ السُّنَّةِ أن يُطَلِّقَها في كُلِّ طُهرٍ تَطليقَةً، فإِذا كان آخِرُ ذَلِكَ فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التي أمَرَ اللَّهُ بها. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ والقاسِمُ ابنا إسماعيلَ المَحامِلِىِّ قالا: حدثنا أبو السّائبِ سَلمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nونَحنُ هَكَذا نَستَحِبُّ أن يَفعَلَ، وقَد روّينا أيضًا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه جَعَلَ العُدوانَ في الزّيادَةِ على الثَّلاثِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. وهو فيما رَواه يوسُفُ القاضِى عن عمرِو بنِ مَرزوقٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن الأعمَشِ عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ لِعَبدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه مِائَةً. قال: بانَت بثَلاثٍ، وسائرُ ذَلِكَ عُدوانٌ.\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٣٣٩٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٢٠) من طريق سفيان به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٥. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٣٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٢١) في طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".","vol":"15","page":237},{"text":"١٥٠٥٥ - وأَنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا ابنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ: إنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امرأتِى مِائَةً. قال: بانَت مِنكَ بثَلاثٍ، وسائرُهُنَّ مَعصيَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن (^٢) واقِعِ بنِ سَحبانَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ وهو في المَسجِدِ فقالَ: رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا (^٣) في مَجلِسٍ. قال: أثِمَ برَبِّه وحَرُمَت عَلَيه امرأتُه. قال: فانطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لأبِى موسَى يُريدُ بذَلِكَ عَيبَه فقالَ: ألا تَرَى أنَّ عِمرانَ قال كَذا وكَذا؟ فقالَ أبو موسَى: أكثَرَ اللهُ فينا مِثلَ أبى نُجَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3250>بابُ ما جاءَ في إمضاءِ الطَّلاقِ الثَّلاثِ وإِن كُنَّ مُجموعاتٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. وقالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٨٢) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٤٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٦٣، ١٠٩٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بن\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٤٩، والثقات لابن حبان ٥/ ٤٩٨.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"وهو\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٧٠)، والدولابى في الكنى والأسماء (٣٧٩)، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٧٢ من طريق حميد به.","vol":"15","page":238},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فالقُرآنُ - واللَّهُ أعلَمُ - يَدُلُّ على أنَّ مَن طَلَّقَ زَوجَةً له - دَخَلَ بها أو لَم يَدخُلْ بها - ثَلاثًا لَم تَحِلَّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^١).\n\n١٥٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ شَبيبٍ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه ما شاءَ أن يُطَلِّقَها، وإِن طَلَّقَها مِائَةً أو أكثَرَ إذا ارتَجَعَها قَبلَ أن تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها، حَتَّى قال الرَّجُلُ (^٢) لامرأتِه: واللَّهِ لا أُطَلِّقُكِ فتَبينِى مِنِّى، ولا أُؤويكِ إلَىَّ. قالَت: وكَيفَ ذاكَ؟ قال: أُطَلِّقُكِ، فكُلَّما هَمَّت عِدَّتُكِ أن تَنقَضِىَ ارتَجَعتُكِ، ثُمَّ أُطَلِّقُكِ، فأَفعَلُ هَكَذا. فشَكَتِ المَرأَةُ ذَلِكَ إلَى عائشةَ - ﵂ -، فذَكَرَت ذلك عائشَةُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فسَكَتَ فلَم يَقُلْ شَيئًا حَتَّى نَزَلَ القُرآنُ: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. فاستأنَفَ النّاسُ الطَّلاقَ؛ مَن شاءَ طَلَّقَ، ومَن شاءَ لَم يُطَلِّقْ (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ والحُمَيدِىُّ عن يَعلَى بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٤). وكَذَلِكَ قال محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ بمَعناه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٨٣.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٩، ٢٨٠. وليس عنده: فاستأنف الناس الطلاق. . . وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وقال الذهبي: قد ضعفه - يعني ابن كاسب - غير واحد.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١١٩٢) عن قتيبة به. وذكره في العلل عقب (٣٠٥) عن الحميدي به.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٥٢٤٩).","vol":"15","page":239},{"text":"١٥٠٥٨ - ورُوِىَ نُزولُ الآيَةِ فيه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -. أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال (^١): كان الرَّجُلُ إذا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثُمَّ ارتَجَعَها قَبلَ أن تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها كان ذَلِكَ له وإِن طَلَّقَها ألفَ مَرَّةٍ، فعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ إلَى امرأةٍ له فطَلَّقَها، ثُمَّ أمهَلَها حَتَّى إذا شارَفَتِ انقِضاءَ عِدَّتِها ارتَجَعَها، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها وقالَ: واللهِ لا أُؤويكِ إلَىَّ ولا تَحِلّينَ أبَدًا. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾. فاستَقبَلَ النّاسُ الطَّلاقَ جَديدًا مِن يَومِئذٍ، مَن كان مِنهُم طَلَّقَ أو لَم يُطَلِّقْ (^٢). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو الصَّحيحُ، قالَه البخاريُّ وغَيرُه (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عُروةُ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّه سَمِعَها تَقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةُ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِىِّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي كُنتُ عِندَ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِىِّ فطَلَّقَنِى فبَتَّ طَلاقِى، فتَزَوَّجتُ بَعدَه عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الزَّبيرِ، وإِنَّما مَعَه مِثلُ هُدبَةِ الثَّوبِ (^٤). فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"تُريدينَ أن تَرجِعِى إلَى رِفاعَةَ؟ لا،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"عن عائشة قالت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٥)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢٤٢، ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٨.\n(^٣) ذكره الترمذي في العلل عقب (٣٠٥) عن البخاري.\n(^٤) هدبة الثوب: طرفه وما لان منه وتفرق. وفيه إشارة إلى ضعفه عن الجماع. تفسير غريب ما في =","vol":"15","page":240},{"text":"حَتَّى تَذوقِى عُسَيلَتَه ويَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَكِ\". وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وخالِدُ بنُ سعيدِ ابنِ العاصِ بالبابِ يَنتَظِرُ أن يُؤذَنَ له فنادَى فقالَ: يا أبا بكرٍ، ألا تَسمَعُ إلَى ما تَجهَرُ به هذه عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرِه (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا القاسِمُ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ ثَلاثًا، فتَزَوَّجَت فطَلَّقَ، فسُئلَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: أتَحِلُّ لِلأوَّلِ؟ قال: \"لا، حَتَّى [يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَها] (^٣) كما ذاقَ الأوَّلُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى (^٥).\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ أيضًا بحَديثِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ وفاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، وقَد ذَكَرناهُما (^٦).\n\n١٥٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n= الصحيحين ص ٢٤٣.\n(^١) الحميدي (٢٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٨)، والترمذي (١١١٨)، والنسائي (٣٢٨٣)، وابن ماجه (١٩٣٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٣٩، ٥٢٦٠، ٥٧٩٢، ٦٠٨٤)، ومسلم (١٤٣٣/ ١١١، ١١٢).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تذوق عسليته\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٠٤٤)، وسيأتي في (١٥٢٩٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٢٦١)، ومسلم (١٤٣٣/. . .).\n(^٦) الشافعي ٥/ ١٣٧. وتقدم الحديثان في (١٥٠٤٢، ١٥٠٤٣).","vol":"15","page":241},{"text":"جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: مَكَثتُ عِشرينَ سنةً يُحَدِّثُنِى مَن لا أتَّهِمُهُم أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا وهِىَ حائضٌ، فأُمِرَ أن يُراجِعَها، فجَعَلتُ لا أتَّهِمُهُم ولا أعرِفُ الحديثَ حَتَّى لَقيتُ أبا غَلَّابٍ يونُسَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ وكانَ ذا ثَبَتٍ، فحَدَّثَنِى أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ فحَدَّثَه أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ تَطليقَةً، فأُمِرَ أن يُراجِعَها. قال: فقُلتُ: أفَحُسِبَت عَلَيهِ؟ قال: فمَه؟ وإِن عَجَزَ واستَحمَقَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسوسِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، أنَّ عَطاءً الخُراسانِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم عن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً وهِىَ حائضٌ، ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يُتبِعَها بتَطليقَتَينِ أُخراوَينِ عِندَ القَرءينِ الباقيَينِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا ابنَ عُمَرَ، ما هَكَذا أمَرَ اللهُ ﵎، إنَّكَ قَد أخطأتَ السُّنَّةَ، والسُّنَّةُ أن تَستَقبِلَ الطُّهرَ فتُطَلِّقَ لِكُلِّ قَرءٍ\". قال: فأَمَرَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فراجَعْتُها، ثُمَّ قال لي: \"إذا هِىَ طَهَرَت فطَلِّقْ عِندَ ذَلِكَ أو أمسِكْ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أفَرأيتَ لَو أنِّى طَلَّقتُها ثَلاثًا، كان يَحِلُّ لي أن أُراجِعَها؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥١٨)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٨، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٦٤) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٧).","vol":"15","page":242},{"text":"\"لا، كانَت تَبينُ مِنكَ فتَكونُ مَعصيَةً\" (^١).\n\n١٥٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثَكُم إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّرجُمانِىُّ أبو إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنِّي طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى يَعنِى البَتَّةَ وهِىَ حائضٌ. قال: عَصَيتَ رَبَّكَ وفارَقتَ امرأتَكَ. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - حينَ فارَقَ امرأتَه أن يُراجِعَها. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَه أن يُراجِعَ امرأتَه لِطَلاقٍ بَقِىَ له، وإِنَّه لَم يَبقَ لَكَ ما تَرتَجِعُ به امرأتَكَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، أنَّ بَطّالًا كان بالمَدينَةِ فطَلَّقَ امرأتَه ألفًا، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنَّما كُنتُ ألعَبُ. فعَلاه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بالدِّرَّةِ وقالَ: إن كان لَيَكفيكَ ثَلاثٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٦٣). وتقدم (١٥٠١٧).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٧، ٨. وأخرجه ابن النجاد في مسند عمر (١٣)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٠٢٩) من طريق الترجمانى به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٢٣: سعيد احتج به مسلم. وقال أبو حاتم: لا يحتج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٤٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٨٣) من طريق سلمة به.","vol":"15","page":243},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سمانُ، عن شَقيقٍ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، قال: هِىَ ثَلاثٌ، لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه. وكانَ إذا أُتِىَ به أوجَعَه (^١).\n\n١٥٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الرَّزجاهِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ قال: قَرأتُ على أبى محمدٍ إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ الكوفِىِّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا حَسَنٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - فيمَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، قال: لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٦٧ - قال: [وحَدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، أخبرَنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه] (^٣) (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ (^٥) المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأزدِىُّ ابنُ أبي العَزائمِ،\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٠٧٤) من قول أنس، وفى آخره: وكان عمر. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٥٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٩٦) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى عن رجل عن أبيه عن على.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٣٥) عن حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٥) في م: \"حشيش\".","vol":"15","page":244},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى ألفًا. قال: ثَلاثٌ تُحَرِّمُها عَلَيكَ، واقسِمْ سائرَها بَينَ نِسائكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ القاضي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ سيرينَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ ابنَ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البارِحَةَ مِائَةً. قال: قُلتَها مَرَّةً واحِدَةً؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: تُريدُ أن تَبينَ مِنكَ امرأتُكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: هو كما قُلتَ. قال: وأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البارِحَةَ عَدَدَ النُّجومِ. قال: قُلتَها مَرَّةً واحِدَةً؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: تُريدُ أن تَبينَ منك امرأتُكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: هو كما قُلتَ. قال محمدٌ: فذَكَرَ مِن نِساءِ أهلِ الأرضِ كَلِمَةً لا أحفَظُها فقال: قَد بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ أمرَ الطَّلاقِ، فمَن طَلَّقَ كما أمَرَه اللَّهُ فقَد بُيِّنَ (^٢) له، ومَن لُبِسَ عَلَيه جَعَلنا به لَبسَه، واللهِ لا تَلبِسونَ على أنفُسِكُم ونَتَحَمَّلُه عَنكُم، هو كما تَقولونَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٩٢) من طريق الأعمش به. والدارقطني ٤/ ٢١ من طريق الأعمش عن حبيب قال: جاء رجل. . . . وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٢٤: فيه مجهول.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تبين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٩٦٢٨) من طريق يزيد بن إبراهيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٩٣)، والطبراني (٩٦٢٩) من طريق ابن سيرين به.","vol":"15","page":245},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ عبدِ اللهِ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه، واللَّفظُ مُختَلِفٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: المُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يُدخَلَ بها بمَنزِلَةِ التي قَد دُخِلَ بها (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ قال: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، ثُمَّ بَدا له أن يَنكِحَها، فجاءَ يَستَفتِى فذَهَبتُ مَعَه أسأَلُ له، فسألَ أبا هريرةَ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالا: لا نَرَى أن تَنكِحَها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَكَ. قال: إنَّما كان طَلاقِى إيّاها واحِدَةً. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّكَ أرسَلتَ مِن يَدِكَ ما كان لَكَ مِن فضلٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٤٢) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٦٤) - ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٦٢١) - وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٤٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٦٦)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٢٠، ٤٢١، ومالك في الموطأ برواية =","vol":"15","page":246},{"text":"١٥٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرٍ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ أخبَرَه عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵃ -. قال: فجاءَهُما محمدُ بنُ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ فقالَ: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، فماذا تَرَيانِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: إنَّ هَذا لأمرٌ ما لَنا فيه قَولٌ، اذهَبْ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِى هريرةَ، فإِنِّى تَرَكتُهُما عِندَ عائشةَ - ﵂ - فسَلهُما، ثُمَّ ائتِنا فأَخبِرْنا. فذَهَبَ فسألَهُما، قال ابنُ عباسٍ لأبِى هريرةَ: أفتِه يا أبا هريرةَ فقَد جاءَتكَ مُعضِلَةٌ. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: الواحِدَةُ تُبينُها والثَّلاثُ تُحَرِّمُها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ يَستَفتِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ\n_________\n= يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٥٧٠، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٧، والشافعي ٥/ ١٣٨. وسيأتي في (١٥٠٨٩).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٦٨)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٣٨، ١٣٩، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧١، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢١٩٨) معلقًا، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٧.","vol":"15","page":247},{"text":"امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها. فقالَ عَطاءٌ: فقُلتُ: إنَّما طَلاقُ البِكرِ واحِدَةٌ. فقالَ لِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو: إنَّما أنتَ قاصٌّ، الواحِدَةُ تُبينُها والثَّلاثُ تُحَرِّمُها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^١).\n\n١٥٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم عن الأشجَعِىِّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها (^٢) لَم تَحِلَّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى ثَلاثًا وهِىَ حائضٌ. فقالَ: عَصَيتَ رَبَّكَ، وفارَقتَ امرأتَكَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٦٧)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٣٨، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٠، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٧٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٨.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٠٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٤٥ من طريق عبيد الله به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٩٦٤)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٤٥ من طريق نافع به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٠٤٧).","vol":"15","page":248},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسَ بنَ أبى حازِمٍ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ وأَنا شاهِدٌ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه مِائَةً، قال: ثَلاثٌ تُحَرِّمُ، وسَبعٌ وتِسعونَ فضلٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي قَيسٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ الخَثعَميَّةُ عِندَ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا قُتِلَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - قالَت: لِتَهْنِكَ الخِلافَةُ. قال: بقَتلِ عليٍّ تُظهِرينَ الشَّماتَةَ؟ اذهَبِى فأَنتِ طالِقٌ يَعنى ثَلاثًا. قال: فتَلَفَّعَت بثيابِها وقَعَدَت حَتَّى قَضَت عِدَّتَها، فبَعَثَ إلَيها ببَقيَّةٍ بَقيَت لَها مِن صَداقِها، وعَشَرَةِ آلافٍ صَدَقَةً، فلَمّا جاءَها الرَّسولُ قالَت:\n* مَتاعٌ قَليلٌ مِن حَبيبٍ مَفارِقِ *\nفلَمّا بَلَغَه قَولُها بَكَى ثُمَّ قال: لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ جَدِّى، أو حَدَّثَنِى أبى أنَّه سَمِعَ جَدِّى يقولُ: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا عِندَ الأقراءِ، أو ثَلاثًا مُبهَمَةً، لَم تَحِلَّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه\". لَراجَعتُها (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عمرِو بنِ شَمِرٍ عن عِمرانَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٨٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٣٠، ٣١ من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد به. وتقدم في (١٤٦٠٨).","vol":"15","page":249},{"text":"عبدِ الأعلَى عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3251>بابُ مَن جعلَ الثلاثَ واحدةً وما وردَ عنه في خلافِ ذلك</span>\n\n١٥٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ وإِسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، قال إسحاقُ وإِسحاقُ (^٢): أخبرَنا، وقالَ ابنُ رافِعٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان الطَّلاقُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وسَنَتَينِ (^٣) مِن خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - طَلاقُ الثَّلاثِ واحِدَةً. فَقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّ النّاسَ قَدِ استَعجَلوا في أمرٍ كانَت لَهُم فيه أناةٌ، فلَو أمضَيناه عَلَيهِم. فأَمضاه عَلَيهِم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٠٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٣١ من طريق عمرو بن شمر به.\n(^٢) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"سنين\". وكتب تحتها: \"صح\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١١٣٣٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٨٧٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٧٢/ ١٥).","vol":"15","page":250},{"text":"جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه أنَّ أبا الصَّهباءِ قال لابنِ عباسٍ: أتَعلَمُ أنَّما كانَتِ الثَّلاثُ تُجعَلُ واحِدَةً على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وثَلاثٍ مِن إمارَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: نَعَم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ رَوحٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، قال أبو بكرٍ: أخبرَنا، وقالَ أبو الفَضلِ: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، أنَّ أبا الصَّهباءِ قال لابنِ عباسٍ: هاتِ مِن هَنَاتِكَ (^٣)، ألَم يَكُنْ طَلاقُ الثَّلاثِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ - واحِدَةً؟ قال: قَد كان ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا كان في عَهدِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - تَتايع (^٤) النّاسُ في الطَّلاقِ فأَمضاه عَلَيهِم (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٠٠)، وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٣٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٤٠٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧٢/ ١٥، ١٦).\n(^٣) هناتك: أخبارك المكروهة وفتاويك المنكرة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) في النسخ ما عدا الأصل: \"تتابع\"، و\"تتايع\" بالياء رواية الجمهور، وضبطه بعضهم بالموحدة، وهما بمعنى، ومعناه: أكثروا منه وأسرعوا إليه، لكن بالمثناة إنما يستعمل في الشر وبالموحدة يستعمل في الخير والشر. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١١٩، وشرح النووي ١٠/ ٧٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٧٤) من طريق إسحاق به. وأبو عوانة (٤٥٣٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والدارقطني ٤/ ٤٤ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٧٢/ ١٧).","vol":"15","page":251},{"text":"وهَذا الحَديثُ أحَدُ ما اختَلَفَ فيه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ؛ فأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ وتَرَكَه البخاريُّ، وأَظُنُّه إنَّما تَرَكَه لِمُخالَفَتِه سائرَ الرِّواياتِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فمنها ما:\n\n١٥٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨] الآيَة: وذَلِكَ أنَّ الرَّجُلَ كان إذا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه فهو أحَقُّ برَجعَتِها وإِن طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا، فنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩] الآية (^١).\nومنها ما:\n\n١٥٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عِكرِمَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى ألفًا. فقالَ: تأخُذُ ثَلاثًا وتَدَعُ تِسعَمِائَةٍ وسَبعَةً وتِسعينَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٦)، وأبو داود (٢١٩٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٥٦) من طريق على بن الحسين بن واقد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٢)، وفيه: مائة. وفيه: وسبعًا وتسعين. والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٥٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٥٠)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٤/ ١٢ عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"15","page":252},{"text":"ورَواه عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال لِرَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لابنِ عباسٍ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى مِائَةً. قال: تأخُذُ ثَلاثًا وتَدَعُ سَبعًا وتِسعينَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ وحُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه مِائَةً قال: عَصَيتَ رَبَّكَ وبانَت مِنكَ امرأتُكَ، لَم تَتَّقِ اللَّهَ فيَجعَلَ لَكَ مَخرَجًا، مَن يَتَّقِ اللهَ يَجعَلْ له مَخرَجًا: (يا أيُّها النَّبِيُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَّ في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ) (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٠٥٢). وفيه: طلق امرأته ألفا.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٣)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٩٧) من طريق مجاهد به. وفيه: أنه طلقها ثلاثا.\nوقراءة (في قبل عدتهن) شاذة. كما تقدم التنبيه على ذلك عقب (١٥٠١١).","vol":"15","page":253},{"text":"رافِعٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لابنِ عباسٍ: طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى مِائَةً. قال: تأخُذُ ثَلاثًا وتَدَعُ سَبعًا وتِسعينَ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٨٧ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأَحمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه عَدَدَ النُّجومِ فقالَ: إنَّما يَكفيكَ رأسُ الجَوزاءِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتانِى رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ عَمِّى طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا. فقالَ: إنَّ عَمَّكَ عَصَى اللَّهَ فأَندَمَه اللَّهُ، وأَطاعَ الشَّيطانَ، فلَم يَجعَلْ له مَخرَجًا. قال: أفَلا يُحَلِّلُها له رَجُلٌ؟ فقالَ: مَن يُخادِعِ اللهَ يَخدَعْه (^٣).\n\n١٥٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٤٨) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٩٥) من طريق أيوب به. وإنما قال ذلك لأن رأس الجوزاء ثلاثة كواكب. ينظر القاموس المحيط ٣/ ١٠٣ (هـ ق ع).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٩٧١) عن ابن نمير به، دون الشطر الأخير. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٧٧٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٦٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٥٧ من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"15","page":254},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ أنَّه قال: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، ثُمَّ بَدا له أن يَنكِحَها، فجاءَ يَستَفتِى فذَهَبتُ مَعَه أسأَلُ له، فسألَ أبا هريرةَ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ فقالا له: لا نَرَى أن تَنكِحَها حَتَّى تَزَوَّجَ زَوجًا غَيرَكَ. قال: فإِنَّما كان طَلاقِى إيّاها واحِدَةً. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّكَ أرسَلتَ مِن يَدِكَ ما كان لَكَ مِن فضلٍ (^١).\nفهَذِه رِوايَةُ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ ومالِكِ بنِ الحارِثِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ. ورُوِّيناه عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ الأنصارِىِّ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه أجازَ الطَّلاقَ الثَّلاثَ وأَمضاهُنَّ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِن كان مَعنَى قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ الثَّلاثَ كانَت تُحسَبُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واحِدَةً، يَعنِى أنَّه بأَمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فالَّذِى يُشبِهُ - واللهُ أعلَمُ - أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ قَد عَلِمَ أن كان شَيئًا فنُسِخَ، فإِن قيلَ: فما دَلَّ على ما وصَفتَ؟ قيلَ: لا يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ ابنُ عباسٍ يَروِى عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - شَيئًا ثُمَّ يُخالِفُه بشَئٍ لَم يَعلَمْه كان مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيه خِلافٌ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٠٧٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٠٧٣)، وسيأتي في (١٥١٨٥، ١٥١٨٦).","vol":"15","page":255},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: رِوايَةُ عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قَد مَضَت في النَّسخِ، وفيها تأكيدٌ لِصحَّةِ هَذا التّأويلِ (^١) - قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِن قيلَ: فلَعَلَّ هَذا شَئٌ رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ، فقالَ فيه ابنُ عباسٍ بقَولِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -. قيلَ: قَد عَلِمنا أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ يُخالِفُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - في نِكاحِ المُتعَةِ، وبَيعِ الدّينارِ بالدّينارَينِ، وفِي بَيعِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ وغَيرِه، فكَيفَ يوافِقُه في شَئٍ يُروَى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيه خِلافٌ؟ قال: فإِن قيلَ: وقَد ذَكَرَ: على عَهدِ أبى بكرٍ وصدرًا مِن خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -. قيلَ: اللهُ أعلَمُ، وجَوابُه حينَ استُفتِىَ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ كما وصَفتُ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَعَلَّ ابنَ عباسٍ أجابَ على أنَّ الثَّلاثَ والواحِدَةَ سَواءٌ، [وإِذا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَدَدَ الطَّلاقِ على الزَّوجِ، وأَن يُطَلِّقَ مَتَى شاءَ، فسَواءٌ الثلاثُ والواحِدَةُ وأَكثَرُ مِنَ الثَّلاثِ] (^٢) في أن يُقْضَى بطَلاقِه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ عَبَّرَ بالطَّلاقِ الثَّلاثِ عن طَلاقِ البَتَّةِ، فقَد ذَهَبَ إلَيه بَعضُهُم.\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حاتِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا زُرعَةَ يقولُ: مَعنَى هَذا الحديثِ عِندِى أنَّ ما تُطَلِّقونَ أنتُم ثَلاثًا كانوا يُطَلِّقونَ واحِدَةً في زَمَن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ -. وذَهَبَ أبو يَحيَى السّاجِىُّ إلَى أنَّ مَعناه إذا قال لِلبِكرِ: أنتِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٠٨٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل، والمهذب.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٤)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٥٧، ٢٥٨.","vol":"15","page":256},{"text":"طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ. كانَت واحِدَةً، فغَلَّظَ عَلَيهِم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فجَعَلَها ثَلاثًا.\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَةُ أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ تَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ هَذا التّأويلِ.\n\n١٥٠٩٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: أبو الصَّهباءِ، كان كَثيرَ السُّؤالِ لابنِ عباسٍ قال: أما عَلِمتَ أنَّ الرَّجُلَ كان إذا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها جَعَلوها واحِدَةً على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وصَدرًا مِن إمارَةِ عُمَرَ؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: بَلَى، كان الرَّجُلُ إذا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها جَعَلوها واحِدَةً على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وصَدرًا مِن إمارَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا أنْ رأى النّاسَ قَد تَتايعوا (^١) فيها قال: أجيزوهُنَّ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ إذا طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا تَترَى.\nرَوَى جابِرُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها قال: عُقدَةٌ كانَت بيَدِه أرسَلَها جَميعًا، وإِذا كانَت تَترَى فلَيسَ بشَئٍ. قال سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ: تَترَى يَعنِى: أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تتابعوا\". وينظر ما تقدم في ص ٢٥١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٩٩).","vol":"15","page":257},{"text":"طالِقٌ. فإِنَّها تَبينُ بالأولَى والثِّنتانِ لَيسَتا بشَئٍ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما دَلَّ على ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٥٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى بَعضُ بَنِى أبى رافِعٍ مَولَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: طَلَّقَ عبدُ يَزيدَ أبو رُكانَةَ وإِخوَتِه أُمَّ رُكانَةَ ونَكَحَ امرأةً مِن مُزَينَةَ، فجاءَتِ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: ما يُغنِى عَنِّى إلَّا كما تُغنِى هذه الشَّعَرَةُ - لِشَعَرَةٍ أخَذَتها مِن رأسِها - ففَرِّقْ بَينِى وبَينَه. فأَخَذَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - حَميَّةٌ، فدَعا برُكانَةَ وإِخوَتِه، ثُمَّ قال: لِجُلَسائِه: \"أتَرَونَ فُلانًا يُشبِهُ مِنه كَذا وكَذا مِن عبدِ يَزيدَ، وفُلانٌ مِنه كَذا وكَذا؟ \". قالوا. نَعَم. قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِعَبدِ يَزيدَ: \"طَلِّقْها\". ففَعَلَ، قال: \"راجِعِ امرأتَكَ أُمَّ رُكانَةَ وإِخوَتِه\". فقالَ: إنِّي طَلَّقتُها ثَلاثًا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"قَد عَلِمتُ، راجِعْها (^٢) \". وتَلا: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾ (^٣) [الطلاق: ١].\nقال أبو داودَ: حَديثُ نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رُكانَةَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ فرَدَّها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أصَحُّ؛ لأنَّهُم ولَدُ الرَّجُلِ، وأَهلُه أعلَمُ به، إنَّ رُكانَةَ إنَّما طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ، فجَعَلَها\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٥١٨٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"أرجعها\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢١٩٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٣٤). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٢٢).","vol":"15","page":258},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - واحِدَةً (^١).\n\n١٥٠٩٢ - قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: طَلَّقَ رُكانَةُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ، فحَزِنَ عَلَيها حُزنًا شَديدًا، فسألَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ طَلَّقتَها؟ \". قال: طَلَّقتُها ثَلاثًا. فقالَ: \"في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فإِنَّما تَمْلِكُ (^٢) واحِدَةً، فارجِعْها إن شِئتَ\". فراجَعَها، فكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يَرَى أنَّما الطَّلاقُ عِندَ كُلِّ طُهرٍ، فتِلكَ السُّنَّةُ التي كان عَلَيها النّاسُ، والَّتِى أمَرَ اللَّهُ بها: ﴿فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ﴾.\nأخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابَنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا سَلْمُ (^٣) ابنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ (^٤) إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى داودُ بنُ الحُصَينِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥). وهَذا الإسنادُ لا تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ مَعَ ثَمانيَةٍ رَوَوا عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - فُتياه بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ، ومَعَ رِوايَةِ أولادِ رُكانَةَ أنَّ طَلاقَ رُكانَةَ كان واحِدَةً. وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٥٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ هِشامٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما سيأتي في (١٥١٠٣ - ١٥١٠٧).\n(^٢) في م، ومصدر التخريج: \"تلك\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تاريخ أصبهان ١/ ٣٣٧.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"أبى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.","vol":"15","page":259},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ سلمةَ اللَّبَقِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: كان بالكوفَةِ شَيخٌ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ تُرَدُّ إلَى واحِدَةٍ. والنّاسُ عُنُقًا (^١) واحِدًا إذ ذاكَ يأتونَه ويَسمَعونَ مِنه، قال: فأَتَيتُه فقَرَعتُ عَلَيه البابَ فخَرَجَ إلَىَّ شَيخٌ، فقُلتُ له: كَيفَ سَمِعتَ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ فيمَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إذا طَلَّقَ الرجلُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ فإِنَّه يُرَدُّ إلَى واحِدَةٍ. قال: فقُلتُ له: أينَ سَمِعتَ هَذا مِن عليٍّ - ﵁ -؟ قال: أُخرِجُ إلَيكَ كِتابًا. فأَخرَجَ فإِذا فيه: بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هَذا ما سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا في مَجلِسٍ واحِدٍ فقَد بانَت مِنه، ولا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه. قالَ: قُلتُ: ويحَكَ، هَذا غَيرُ الَّذِى تَقولُ. قال: الصَّحيحُ هو هَذا، ولَكِن هَؤُلاءِ أرادونِى على ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنُ السَّمّاكِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأحمَسِىُّ قال: قُلتُ لِجَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ: إنَّ قَومًا يَزعُمونَ أنَّ مَن طَلَّقَ ثَلاثًا بجَهالَةٍ رُدَّ إلَى السُّنَّةِ يَجعَلونَها واحِدَةً يَروونَها عَنكُم؟ قال: مَعاذَ اللهِ، ما هَذا\n_________\n(^١) العنق: الجماعة الكثيرة. التاج ٢٦/ ٢١٠ (ع ن ق).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ١٤٨، ١٤٩. وأخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ص ١٥٠ عن أبي سعد المالينى به.","vol":"15","page":260},{"text":"مِن قَولِنا، مَن طَلَّقَ ثَلاثًا فهو كما قالَ.\n\n١٥٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الكوفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ بَهرامَ، حدثنا الأشجَعِىُّ، عن بَسّامٍ الصَّيرَفِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: مَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا بجَهالَةٍ أو عِلمٍ فقَد بانَتْ (^١) مِنه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3252>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَوضِعِ الطَّلقَةِ الثّالِثَةِ (^٢) مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٥٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ العباسِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ فِهرٍ المِصرِىُّ المُقيمُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا القاضي أبو الطاهِرِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الذُّهْلِىُّ، حدثنا إدريسُ بنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ سُمَيعٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنِّي أسمَعُ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. فأَينَ الثّالِثَةُ؟ قال: \" ﴿فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ هِىَ الثّالِثَةُ\" (^٣).\nكَذا قال: عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ -. والصَّوابُ: عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سُمَيعٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ عنِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا. كَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ عن إسماعيلَ:\n\n١٥٠٩٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"برئت\". والحديث أخرجه بنحوه الدارقطني ٤/ ٤٥ بإسناده عن جعفر بن محمد.\n(^٢) في س: \"الواحدة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٤ من طريق إدريس بن عبد الكريم به.","vol":"15","page":261},{"text":"وإِسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سُمَيعٍ، عن أبي رَزينٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾. فأَينَ الثّالِثَةُ؟ قال: \" ﴿فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ \" (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ - ﵁ - ولَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٤٥٦). وأخرجه الحارث (٥٠٢ - بغية) من طريق خالد به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٤٤٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٣٠ من طريق أبى معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٩٠١)، وفى تفسيره ١/ ٩٣، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٢٢٥، ٢٢٦، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٢٠)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢٢١٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن سميع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٣ من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"15","page":262},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3253>جماعُ أبوابِ ما يَقَعُ به الطَّلاقُ مِنَ الكَلامِ ولا يَقَعُ إلَّا بنِيَّةٍ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3254>بابُ صَريحِ ألفاظِ الطَّلاقِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الطَّلاقَ في كِتابِه بثَلاثَةِ أسماءٍ؛ الطَّلاقِ والفِراقِ والسَّراحِ، فمَن خاطَبَ امرأتَه فأَفرَدَ لَها اسمًا مِن هذه الأسماءِ لَزِمَه الطَّلاقُ (^١).\n\n١٥٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانِىُّ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ أَرْدَكَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ ماهَكَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يقولُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثٌ جِدُّهُنَّ جِدٌّ وهَزلُهُنَّ جِدٌّ؛ النِّكاحُ والطَّلاقُ والرَّجعَةُ\" (^٢). هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وقالَ: عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٦٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٨٤)، والترمذي (١١٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن حبيب به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٩٢٠).","vol":"15","page":263},{"text":"حَبيبٍ. لَم يَقُل: ابنِ أردَكَ.\n\n١٥٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قال لَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: أربَعٌ مُقْفَلاتٌ (^١)؛ النَّذرُ والطَّلاقُ والعِتقُ والنِّكاحُ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: ثَلاثٌ لَيسَ فيهِنَّ لَعِبٌ؛ النِّكاحُ والطَّلاقُ والعِتقُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3255>بابٌ: مَن قال: أنتِ طالِقٌ. فنَوَى اثنَتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا فهى ما نَوَى</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٥١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) مقفلات: معناها: أنه لا مخرج منهن إذا جرى بهن القول وجب فيهن الحكم. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٨٣.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٠٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٠٩، ١٦١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٥٩٧) من طريق سعيد به، وفيهما: جائزات. بدل: مقفلات.\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٥٤٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٢٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٦٠٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"15","page":264},{"text":"الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى قال: حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وقّاصٍ اللَّيثِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - على المِنبَرِ يُخبِرُ بذَلِكَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنّيّاتِ، وإِنَّ لِكُلِّ امرِئٍ ما نَوَى، فمَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى اللَّهِ وإلى (^١) رسولِه، فهِجرَتُه إلَى اللهِ وإلى رسولِه، ومَن كانَت هِجرَتُه إلَى دُنيا يُصيبُها، و(^٢) إلَى امرأةٍ يَنكِحُها، فهِجرَتُه إلَى ما هاجَرَ إلَيه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ وعن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3256>بابُ مَن قال: طالِقٌ. يُريدُ به غَيرَ الفِراقِ</span>\n\n١٥١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) في م: \"أو\". وكتب عليها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٣٩، ٣٤٠، والحميدى (٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨) عن سفيان به. وتقدم من طريق يزيد (١٤٣٥، ٢٢٨٧، ٧٤٤٥، ٩٠٦٥). وينظر (١٨٤، ١٨٥، ١٠٤٥، ٨١٨٨، ١٣٠٣٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (١)، ومسلم (١٩٠٧/. . .).","vol":"15","page":265},{"text":"أنَّه رُفِعَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ قالَت له امرأتُه: شَبِّهْنِى. فقالَ: كأنَّكِ ظَبيَةٌ، كأنَّكِ حَمامَةٌ. قالَت: لا أرضَى حَتَّى تَقولَ: خَليَّةٌ طالِقٌ. فقالَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: خُذْ بيَدِها فهِىَ امرأتُكَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شِهابٍ الخَولانِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: خَليَّةٌ طالِقٌ. أرادَ النّاقَةَ تَكونُ مَعقولَةً، ثُمَّ تُطلَقُ مِن عِقالِها ويُخَلَّى عَنها، فهِىَ خَليَّةٌ مِنَ العِقالِ، وهِىَ طالِقٌ؛ لأنَّها قَد طَلَقَت مِنه، فأَرادَ الرَّجُلُ ذَلِكَ، فأَسقَطَ عُمَرُ عنه الطَّلاقَ لِنيَّتِه. وهَذا أصلٌ لِكُلِّ مَن تَكَلَّمَ بشَئٍ يُشبِهُ لَفظَ الطَّلاقِ وهو يَنوِى غَيرَه، أنَّ القَولَ قَولُه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ تَعالَى، وفِي الحُكمِ على تأويلِ مَذهَبِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: الأمرُ على ما فسَّرَ (^٣) في قَولِه: خَليَّةٌ، فأَمّا قَولُه: طالِقٌ. فهو نَفسُ الطَّلاقِ، فلا يُقبَلُ قَولُه فيه في الحُكمِ، لَكِنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما أسقَطَه عنه؛ لأنَّه كان قال: خَليَّةٌ طالِقٌ. لَم يُرسِلِ الطَّلاقَ نَحوَها ولَم يُخاطِبْها به، فلَم يَقَعْ به عَلَيها الطَّلاقُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3257>بابُ ما جاءَ في كِناياتِ الطَّلاقِ التي لا يَقَعُ الطَّلاقُ بها إلَّا أن يُريدَ بمَخرَجِ الكَلامِ مِنه الطَّلاقَ</span>\n\n١٥١٠٣ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٧٩، ٣٨٠. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٩٤) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٧٩، ٣٨٠.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قيس\".","vol":"15","page":266},{"text":"إملاءً قال: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عَمِّى محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ شافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ السّائبِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرِ بنِ عبدِ يَزيدَ، أنَّ رُكانَةَ بنَ عبدِ يَزيدَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه سُهَيمَةَ المُزَنيَّةَ البَتَّةَ، ثُمَّ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى سُهَيمَةَ البَتَّةَ، واللَّهِ ما أرَدتُ إلَّا واحِدَةً. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِرُكانَةَ: \"واللَّهِ ما أرَدتَ إلَّا واحِدَةً؟ \". فقالَ رُكانَةُ: واللَّهِ ما أرَدتُ إلَّا واحِدَةً. فرَدَّها إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فطَلَّقَها الثّانيَةَ في زمانِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، والثّالِثَةَ في زمانِ عثمانَ - ﵄ - (^١).\n\n١٥١٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ النَّسائىُّ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَهُم عن محمدِ بنِ إدريسَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عمى محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن ابنِ السّائبِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ، عن رُكانَةَ بنِ عبدِ يَزيدَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بهَذا الحَديثِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المَدَنِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ السّائبِ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٥١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٣٠)، والصغرى (٢٦٧٠)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٢٠٦). وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٦٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٧١)، والمعرفة (٤٤٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٢٠٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧٤.","vol":"15","page":267},{"text":"جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّبَيرُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، قال أبو داودَ: وسَمِعتُ شَيخًا بمَكَّةَ وقالَ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عليٍّ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ، عن رُكانَةَ بنِ عَبدِ يَزيدَ قال: كانَت عِندِى امرأةٌ يُقالُ لَها: سُهَيمَةُ، فطَلَّقتُها البَتَّةَ، فجِئتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّي طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى سُهَيمَةَ البَتَّةَ، واللهِ ما أرَدتُ إلَّا واحِدَةً. فقالَ: \"واللهِ ما أرَدتَ إلَّا واحِدَةً؟ \". قُلتُ: واللهِ ما أرَدتُ إلَّا واحِدَةً. فرَدَّها علىَّ عَلَى واحِدَةٍ (^١).\nعبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عليٍّ الثّانِى هو عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ السّائبِ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عليٍّ الأوَّلُ هو ابنُ رُكانَةَ بنِ عبدِ يَزيدَ:\n\n١٥١٠٦ - أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ الهاشِمِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه، ثُمَّ قال: ما نَوَيتُ بذَلِكَ إلَّا واحِدَةً. قال: \"آللهِ؟ \". قالَ: آللهِ. قال: \"فهو على ما أرَدتَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يوسُفُ القاضِى عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ.\nوقَد قيلَ عنه وعن غَيرِه: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٢٨٤). وأخرجه الترمذي (١١٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥١) من طريق جرير به. وقال الترمذي: لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه، وسألت محمدا عن هذا الحديث فقال: فيه اضطراب.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٩٩٣٣، ١٩٩٣٤).","vol":"15","page":268},{"text":"١٥١٠٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ وشَيبانُ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ، فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما أرَدتَ بها؟ \". قال: واحِدَةً. قال: \"آللهِ؟ \". قال: آللهِ. قال: \"هو على ما أرَدتَ\" (^١).\n\n١٥١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ ونوحُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ وصَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ قالوا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ قال: سألتُ الزُهرِىَّ: أىُّ أزواجِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَعاذَت مِنه؟ فقالَ: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّ بِنْتَ الجَونِ لَمّا دَخَلَت على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فدَنا مِنها قالَت: أعوذُ باللَّهِ مِنكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عُذتِ بعَظيمٍ، الحَقِى بأَهلِكِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٣).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: \"الحَقِى بأَهلِكِ\". جَعَلَها تَطليقَةً.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٨٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٠٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٧٤) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم في (١٣٣٩٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٥٤).","vol":"15","page":269},{"text":"١٥١٠٩ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ آدَمَ بنِ سَلْمٍ (^١) الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٥١١٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ كَعبٍ - قائدَ كَعبٍ حينَ عَمِىَ مِن بَنيه - قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، وأَنَّ رسولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أتاه فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُكَ أن تَعتَزِلَ امرأتَكَ. فقُلتُ: أُطَلِّقُها أم ماذا أفعَلُ بها؟ فقالَ: لا، بَلِ اعتَزِلْها فلا تَقرَبَنَّها. وأَرسَلَ إلَى صاحِبَىَّ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ لامرأتِى: الحَقِى بأَهلِكِ، فكونِى عِندَهُم حَتَّى يَقضِىَ اللهُ هَذا الأمرَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\nففِى هَذا مَعَ الأوَّلِ كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّ قَولَه: \"الحَقِى بأَهلِكِ\". كِنايَةٌ إن أرادَ به الطَّلاقَ كان طَلاقًا، وإِن لَم يُرِدْه لا يَكونُ طَلاقًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"مسلم\".\n(^٢) ذكره ابن الجارود عقب (٧٣٨)، وابن حبان عقب (٤٢٦٦) من قول الزهري.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٩٩٠، ٧٨٥١، ١١٣٩٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤١٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩/. . .).","vol":"15","page":270},{"text":"١٥١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن أبي الهَيثَمِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِسَودَةَ بنتِ زَمعَةَ - ﵂ -: \"اعتَدِّى\". فجَعَلَها تَطليقَةً واحِدَةً وهو أملَكُ بها.\n\n١٥١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو سَمِعَ محمدَ بنَ عَبّادِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى المُطَّلِبُ بنُ حَنطَبٍ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ، ثُمَّ أتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: ما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: قَد فعَلتُ. قال: فقَرأ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتًا﴾ [النساء: ٦٦]. ما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ قال: قَد فعَلتُ. قال: أمسِكْ عَلَيك امرأتَكَ فإِنَّ الواحِدَةَ تَبُتُّ (^١).\n\n١٥١١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال لِلتَّوءَمَةِ مِثلَ قَولِه لِلمُطَّلِبِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٣٣)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٨، ١١٩. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٦٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٢٣) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١١١٧٥) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٣٤)، والشافعي ٥/ ١١٩. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٦٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٢٤) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١١١٧٣)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٢٧٠ من طريق =","vol":"15","page":271},{"text":"١٥١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يقولُ في الخَليَّةِ والبَرِيَّةِ والبَتَّةِ والبائنَةِ: واحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^١).\n\n١٥١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّه كُتِبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِنَ العِراقِ أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلَى عامِلِه أن مُرْه أن يُوَافيَنِى في المَوسِمِ. فبَينَما عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ إذ لَقِيَه الرَّجُلُ فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه، فقالَ: مَن أنتَ؟ قال: أنا الَّذِى أمَرتَ أن يُجلَبَ عَلَيكَ. فقالَ: أنشُدُكَ برَبِّ هذه البَنِيَّةِ هَل أرَدتَ بقَولِكَ: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. الطَّلاقَ؟ فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: لَوِ استَحلَفتَنِى في غَيرِ هَذا المَكانِ ما صَدَقتُكَ، أرَدتُ الفِراقَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: هو ما أرَدتَ (^٢).\n\n١٥١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا غَسّانُ بنُ مُضَرَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ\n_________\n= عمرو به، وليس عند سعيد: عبد الله بن أبي سلمة.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٧٦) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٣٦)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣٦، ومالك ٢/ ٥٥١.","vol":"15","page":272},{"text":"يَزيدَ، عن أبي الحَلالِ العَتَكِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنَّه قال لامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: وافِ معنا المَوسِمَ. فأَتاه الرَّجُلُ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ فقَصَّ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ. فقالَ: تَرَى ذَلِكَ الأصلَعَ يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ اذهَبْ إلَيه فسَلْه، ثُمَّ ارجِعْ فأَخبِرْنِى بما رَجَعَ إلَيكَ. قال: فذَهَبَ إلَيه وإِذا هو علىٌّ - ﵁ -، فقالَ: مَن بَعَثَكَ إلَىَّ؟ فقالَ: أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: إنَّه قال لامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. فقالَ: استَقبِلِ البَيتَ واحلِفْ باللَّهِ ما أرَدتَ طَلاقًا. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: وأَنا أحلِفُ باللهِ ما أرَدتُ إلَّا الطَّلاقَ. فقالَ: بانَت مِنكَ امرأتُكَ.\n\n١٥١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مَنصورٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. قال ذَاكَ مِرارًا، فأَتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فاستَحلَفَه بَينَ الرُّكنِ والمَقامِ ما الَّذِى أرَدتَ بقَولِكَ؟ قال: أرَدتُ الطَّلاقَ. ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه إنَّما استَحلَفَه على إرادَةِ التّأكيدِ بالتَّكريرِ دونَ الاستِئنافِ، وكأنَّه أقَرَّ فقالَ: أرَدتُ بكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ إحداثَ طَلاقٍ. ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ القَديمِ: وذَكَرَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١١٥٢).","vol":"15","page":273},{"text":"الخطابِ - ﵁ - رُفِعَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ قال لامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. فقالَ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ -: انظُرْ بَينَهُما. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى ما رُوِّينا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فأَمضاه علىٌّ - ﵁ - ثَلاثًا. قال: وذَكَرَ عن سعيدٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مِثلَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لا يُخالِفُ رِوايَةَ مالكٍ، وكأنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ جَعَلَها واحِدَةً كما قال في البَتَّةِ، وعَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - جَعَلَها ثَلاثًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nويَحتَمِلُ أنَّهُما جَميعًا جَعَلاها ثَلاثًا لِتَكريرِه اللَّفظَ في المَدخولِ بها ثَلاثًا، وإِرادَتِه بكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ إحداثَ طَلاقٍ كما قُلنا في رِوايَةِ مَنصورٍ عن عَطاءٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ وقَيسٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ دِجاجَةَ قال: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امرأتَه تَطليقَتَينِ ثُمَّ قال لَها: أنتِ علىَّ حَرَجٌ. قال: فدَخَلَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ له: أتُراها أهوَنَهُنَّ علىَّ؟! فأَبانَها مِنه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه أخبَرَه بنِيَّةِ الفِراقِ به، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِّينا عن شُرَيحٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ في البَتَّةِ أنَّه يُدَيَّنُ فيها (^٣)، وعن عَطاءٍ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي - كما في المعرفة عقب (٤٤٤٢).\n(^٢) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣٢٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٢١١) عن قيس به، وفيه: أنه طلقها تطليقة. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٢٨، ٢٠٢٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٦٣) من طريق نعيم به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٥/ ١١٩، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٧١، ١١١٧٦، ١١١٨٢، ١١١٨٣)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٦٦٥)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٢٦، ١٨٣٢٧)، وسنن الدارقطني ٤/ ٤٣.","vol":"15","page":274},{"text":"في قَولِه: خَليَّةٌ، وخَلَوتِ مِنِّى، وبَرِيَّةٌ، وبَرِئتِ مِنِّى، وبائنَةٌ، وبِنتِ مِنِّى. إنَّه يُدَيَّنُ فيها، وكَذَلِكَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٥١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: ما أُريدَ به الطَّلاقُ فهو طَلاقٌ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِّينا عن مَسروقٍ وإِبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِما (^٣)، وإِنَّما أرادوا بذَلِكَ إذا تَكَلَّمَ بما يُشبِهُ الطَّلاقَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3258>بابُ مَن قال في الكِناياتِ: إنَّها ثَلاثٌ</span>\n\n١٥١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: كان علىٌّ - ﵁ - يَجعَلُ الخَليَّةَ والبَرِيَّةَ والبَتَّةَ والحَرامَ، ثَلاثًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٥/ ١١٩، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٩٠).\nومعنى قوله: يدين: يوكل إلى دينه أي نيته. ينظر المعجم الكبير ٧/ ٧٢٦، والموسوعة الكويتية ٢١/ ٩١.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٦٦)، وسحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤٠٣ عن سفيان به. والشافعي ٥/ ١١٩، وعبد الرزاق (١١١٧٧) من طريق ابن طاوس به، وليس عند سحنون: عن معمر.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٢٦١، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٩٣، ١١١٩٤)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١٦٤، ١١٦٥، ١١٦٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٨٢) من طريق إسماعيل به بلفظ: إن ناسا يزعمون أن عليا قال في الحرام ثلاث وليس كذلك. . . . وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٢ من طريق عامر الشعبي مقتصرًا على ذكر =","vol":"15","page":275},{"text":"١٥١٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حَسَنٌ، عن أبي سَهلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، قال: الخَليَّةُ والبَريَّةُ والبَتَّةُ والبائنُ والحَرامُ، إذا نَوَى فهو بمَنزِلَةِ الثَّلاثِ.\nقال الشيخُ: فإِنَّما جَعَلَها ثَلاثًا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ إذا نَوَى، والرِّوايَةُ الأولَى أصَحُّ إسنادًا.\n\n١٥١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرِ بنِ حَبيبٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال في البَرِيَّةِ والحَرامِ والبَتَّةِ: ثَلاثًا ثَلاثًا (^١).\n\n١٥١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يقولُ في الخَليَّةِ والبَرِيَّةِ والبَتَّةِ: ثَلاثًا، لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^٢).\n_________\n= الحرام. وينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٥٥٢، والأم ٧/ ١٧٢، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٧٦، ١١١٨٦، ١١٣٨٠)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٦٧٨، ١٦٩٤)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٢٠، ١٨٣٣٩، ١٨٣٤٤، ١٨٣٥٧، ١٨٣٦٩).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٧٦) من طريق حميد مقتصرًا على ذكر الحرام. وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٣٦، ١٨٣٥٥، ١٨٣٧٧) عن زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٧٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٣٢١، ١٨٣٤٠، ١٨٣٥٤) من طريق عبيد الله به. ومالك ٢/ ٥٥٢، وعبد الرزاق (١١١٨٤) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"15","page":276},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3259>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّخييرِ</span>\n\n١٥١٢٤ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - جاءَها حينَ أمَرَه اللَّهُ ﷿ أن يُخَيِّرَ أزواجَه، فبَدأ بى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنِّي ذاكِرٌ لَكِ أمرًا لا عَلَيكِ ألَّا (^١) تَستَعجِلِى حَتَّى تَستأمِرِى أبَوَيكِ\". وقَد عَلِمَ أنَّ أبَوَىَّ لَم يَكونا يأمُرانِى بفِراقِه، قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٨] \". إلَى تَمامِ الآيَتَينِ. فقُلتُ له: ففِى أىِّ (^٢) هَذا أستأمِرُ أبَوَىَّ؟ فإِنِّى أُريدُ اللَّهَ ورسولَه والدّارَ الآخِرَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤). وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وزادَ فيه: قالَت: ثُمَّ فعَلَ أزواجُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ما فعَلتُ (^٥).\n\n١٥١٢٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَمّا أُمِرَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أن\". قال النووي: معناه: ما يضرك أن لا تعجلى. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٠/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٥٩) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٧٨٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٧٥).","vol":"15","page":277},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بتَخييرِ أزواجِه. فذَكَرَ مَعناه بزِيادَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٥١٢٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علي بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ قال: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂- عن الخِيَرَةِ فقالَت: خَيَّرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاختَرناه، فلَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلاقًا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مُسهِرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: ما أُبالِى خَيَّرتُ امرأتِى واحِدَةً أو مِائَةً أو ألفًا بَعدَ أن تَختارَنِى، ولَقَد سألتُ عائشةَ -﵂- فقالَت: خَيَّرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أفَكانَ طَلاقًا؟ (^٤) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٣٩٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٧٧). وأخرجه أبر عوانة (٤٥٦١) عن الحسن بن على به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٦٦)، والنسائى (٣٤٤١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (١٣٣٩٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٢٦٣)، ومسلم (١٤٧٧/ ٢٤).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨١)، ومن طريقه أبر نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٨١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٧٧/ ٢٥).","vol":"15","page":278},{"text":"١٥١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الأخرَمُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشَةَ. وعن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: خَيَّرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاختَرناه، فلَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلاقًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٢٩ - أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ وابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵄- كانا يَقولانِ: إذا خَيَّرَها فاختارَت نَفسَها فهِىَ واحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها، وِإنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فلا شَئَ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٣٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّه كان يقولُ في التَّخييرِ مِثلَ قَولِ عُمَرَ وابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- (^٤).\n\n١٥١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٨١)، والبخارى (٥٢٦٢)، وأبو داود (٢٢٠٣)، والترمذى (١١٧٩)، والنسائى (٣٢٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٢٦٧) من طريق الأعمش عن مسلم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧٧/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧٥)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٥٤) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٩١) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":279},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَبّادٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن زاذانَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ علىٍّ -﵁- فذَكَرَ الخيارَ فقالَ: إنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قَد سألَنِى عن الخيارِ فقُلتُ: إنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فواحِدَةٌ بائنَةٌ، وإِنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فواحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لَيسَ كَذَلِكَ، ولَكِنَها إنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فلَيسَ بشَئٍ، وإِنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فواحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها. فلَم أستَطِعْ إلَّا مُتابَعَةَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ -﵁-، فلَمّا خَلَصَ الأمرُ إلَىَّ وعَلِمتُ أنِّى مَسئولٌ عن الفُروجِ، أخَذتُ بالَّذِى كُنتُ أرَى. فقالوا: واللهِ لَئن جامَعتَ عَلَيه أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ وتَرَكتَ رأيَكَ الَّذِى رأيتَ، إنَّه لأحَبُّ إلَينا مِن أمرٍ تَفَرَّدتَ به بَعدَه. قال: فضحِكَ ثُمَّ قال: أما إنَّه قَد أرسَلَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فسألَ زَيدًا فخالَفَنِى وإيّاه، فقالَ زَيدٌ -﵁-: إنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فثَلاثٌ، وإِنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فواحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^١).\n\n١٥١٣٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن جَريرٍ، عن عيسَى، عن زاذانَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- نَحوَه.\n\n١٥١٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٧٣). وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٢، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣٠٩ من طريق جرير به، وعند الشافعى مقتصرًا على قول على.","vol":"15","page":280},{"text":"قال: إذا خَيَّرَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه فاختارَت زَوجَها فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ وهو أملَكُ برَجعَتِها، وإِنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فتَطليقَةٌ بائنَةٌ وهو خاطِبٌ مِنَ الخُطّابِ. قال: وكانَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵁- يقولُ: إنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فهِىَ ثَلاثٌ. قال: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يقولُ: إذا خَيَّرَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه فاختارَت زَوجَها فلَيسَ بشَئٍ، وإِنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ وهو أملَكُ برَجعَتِها (^١).\nقَولُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- موافِقٌ لِقَولِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فى الخيارِ وبِه نَقولُ؛ لِموافَقَتِه السُّنَةَ الثّابِتَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى التَّخييرِ، وموافَقَتِه مَعنَى السُّنَّةِ المَشهورَةِ عن رُكانَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى البَتَّةِ أنَها رَجعيَّةٌ إذا أرادَ بها واحِدَةً، وأَمّا علىٌّ -﵁- فقَدِ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ عنه فى ذَلِكَ، فأَشهَرُها ما رُوِّينا (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو حَسّانَ الأعرَجُ عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n١٥١٣٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قالا: حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى حَسّانَ أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: إنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فواحِدَةٌ بائنَةٌ، وإِنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فواحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها. وبه كان يأخُذُ قَتادَةُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧٧) من طريق إسماعيل به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٦٥٠، ١٦٥٢) من طريق إسماعيل به، وليس فيه قول ابن مسعود. وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨٠) من طريق الشعبى به دون قول زيد. وذكره الترمذى عقب (١١٧٩). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧٥)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨٦).\n(^٢) وكذا اختلفت الرواية عن زيد بن ثابت كما عند ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨٧).","vol":"15","page":281},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- فى ذَلِكَ رِوايَتانِ مُختَلِفَتانِ فى أنفُسِهِما مُخالِفَتانِ لِما مَضى. إحداهُما ما:\n\n١٥١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُخَوَّلٍ (^١)، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: إنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فواحِدَةٌ بائنَةٌ، وإِنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فلا شَئَ (^٢). والأُخرَى ما:\n\n١٥١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وأبو السَّفَرِ على أبى جَعفَرٍ، فسألتُه عن التَّخييرِ؛ عن رَجُلٍ خَيَّرَ امرأتَه فاختارَت نَفسَها، فقالَ: تَطليقَةٌ وزَوجُها أحَقُّ برَجعَتِها. قُلنا: فإِنِ اختارَت زَوجَها. قال: فلَيست بشَئٍ. قُلنا: فإِنَّ ناسًا يَروونَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إنِ اختارَت زَوجَها فتَطليقَةٌ وزَوجُها أحَقُّ (^٣) برَجعَتِها، وإِنِ اختارَت نَفسَها فتَطليقَةٌ بائنَةٌ وهِىَ أملَكُ بنَفسِها. قال: هَذا وجَدوه فى الصُّحُفِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"مكحول\"، وفى حاشيتها كالمثبت، وكتب فوقه: \"صح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٨١) عن سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"بها أي\".\n(^٤) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨١٨، ٨١٩، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٨٩) من طريق إسماعيل به مقتصرا على الشطر الأول.","vol":"15","page":282},{"text":"وأَمّا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ فالصَّحيحُ عنه ما رُوِّينا. وقَد:\n\n١٥١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لامرأتِه: استَفلِحِى (^١) بأَمرِكِ، أو أمرُكِ لَكِ، أو وهَبَها لأهلِها. فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ بائنَةٌ (^٢).\nكَذا فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن عبدِ اللهِ، والصَّحيحُ أنَّ ذَلِكَ مِن قَولِ مَسروقٍ:\n\n١٥١٣٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لامرأتِه: استَفلِحِى بأَمرِكِ، أوِ اختارِى، أو وهَبَها لأهلِها. فهِىَ واحِدَةٌ بائنَةٌ.\nقالَ: وحَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ قال: وسألتُ سُفيانَ فقالَ: هو عن مَسروقٍ. يَعنى أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣). والصَّحيحُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ما سَبَقَ ذِكرُه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن شَريكٍ عن أبى حَصينٍ مَرفوعًا إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ فى الهِبَةِ\n_________\n(^١) فى المهذب: \"استفحلى\". واستفلحى بأمرك: أي فُوزى بأمرك واستبدى بأمرك. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٦٧.\n(^٢) أحمد فى العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٤٧٥٢)، وعنه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٣/ ١٠١. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٩٦٢٧) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٢٤٢) من طريق أبى حصين به. وسيأتى فى (١٥١٤٨).\n(^٣) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٤٧٥٥، ٤٧٥٦).","vol":"15","page":283},{"text":"فقَبِلوها، فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^١).\n\n١٥١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّها خَطَبَت على عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قُرَيبَةَ بنتَ أبى أُمَيَّةَ فزَوَّجوه، ثُمَّ إنَّهُم عَتَبوا على عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالوا: ما زَوَّجَنا إلَّا عائشَةُ. فأَرسَلَت عائشَةُ -﵂- إلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فجَعَلَ أمرَ قُرَيبَةَ بَيدِ قُرَيبَةَ فاختارَت زَوجَهما، فلَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلاقًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3260>بابُ ما جاءَ فى التَّمليكِ</span>\n\n١٥١٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن أبى مُعاويَةَ ويَعلَى، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ أنَّ امرأةً قالَت لِزَوجِها: لَو أنَّ الأمرَ الَّذِى بيَدِكَ بيَدِى لَطَلَّقتُكَ. فقال: قَد جَعَلتُ الأمرَ إلَيكِ. فطَلَّقَت نَفسَها ثَلاثًا، فسألَ عُمَرُ عبدَ اللهِ -﵄- عن ذَلِكَ فقال: هِىَ واحِدَةٌ، وهو أحَقُّ بها. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: وأَنا أرَى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٤، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٠١) عن شريك به.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٥.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٤٤٩)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩١٥)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٥١) من طريق مسروق به.","vol":"15","page":284},{"text":"وعن الشّافِعِىِّ حِكايَةً عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن طَلحَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: لا يَكونُ طَلاقٌ بائنٌ إلَّا خُلعٌ أو أيلاءٌ (^١).\n\n١٥١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الأسوَدُ وعَلقَمَةُ قالا: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- فقالَ: كان بَينِى وبَينَ امرأتِى بَعضُ ما يَكونُ بَينَ النّاسِ فقالَت: لَو أنَّ الَّذِى بيَدِكَ مِن أمرِى بيَدِى لَعَلِمتَ كَيفَ أصنَعُ. قال: قُلتُ: فإنَّ الَّذِى بيَدِى مِن أمرِكِ بيَدِكِ. قالَت: فإِنِّى قَد طَلَّقتُكَ ثَلاثًا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: أُراها واحِدَةً وأَنتَ أحَقُّ بها، وسألقَى أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ فأَسأَلُه عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فلَقِيَه فسألَه (^٢)، فقَصَّ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: فعَلَ اللهُ بالرِّجالِ، يَعمِدونَ إلَى ما جَعَلَ اللهُ بأَيديهِم فيَجعَلونَه بأَيدِى النِّساءِ، بفِيها التُّرابُ، بفِيها التُّرابُ، فما قُلتَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: أُراها واحِد وهو أحَقُّ بها. قال: وأَنا أرَى ذَلِكَ، ولَو قُلتَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ لَرأيتُ أنَّكَ لَم تُصِبْ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٤٥٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٧٥٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٦٣١) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به، وليس عند عبد الرزاق ذكر علقمة. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٣٩: فى إسناده محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبى ليلى.\n(^٢) فى ص ٨، والمهذب: \"فذكر له\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩١٤)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٤٩) عن سفيان به، وفيهما: عن علقمة =","vol":"15","page":285},{"text":"١٥١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁-، فأَتاه محمدُ بنُ أبى عَتيقٍ وعَيناه تَدمَعانِ، فقالَ له زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: ما شأنُكَ؟ فقالَ: مَلَّكتُ امرأتِى أمرَها ففارَقَتنِى. فقالَ له زَيدٌ: ما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: القَدَرُ. فقالَ له زَيدٌ: ارتَجِعْها إن شِئتَ، فإِنَّما هِىَ واحِدَةٌ وأَنتَ أملَكُ بها (^١).\n\n١٥١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ أنَّ رَجُلًا جَعَلَ أمرَ امرأتِه بيَدِها، فطَلَّقَت نَفسَها ثَلاثًا، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- فقالَ: هِىَ واحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^٢).\n\n١٥١٤٤ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ، عن القاسِمِ\nابنِ محمدٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا جَعَلَ أمرَ امرأتِه بيَدِها، فطَلَّقَت نَفسَها ألفًا، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n= أو الأسود.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٥٤٣٥)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٥٤، ومن طريقه البخارى فى التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٠٢، ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧٦) من طريق ابن ذكوان به.","vol":"15","page":286},{"text":"إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- فقالَ: هِىَ واحِدَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^١).\n\n١٥١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: إذا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه فالقَضاءُ ما قَضَت، إلَّا أن يُناكِرَها الرَّجُلُ فيَقولَ: لَم أُرِدْ إلَّا تَطليقَةً واحِدة فيَحلِفُ على ذَلِكَ ويَكونُ (^٢) أملَكَ بها ما كانَت فى عِدَّتِها (^٣).\n\n١٥١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عمرَ وعن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّهُما سُئلا عن الرَّجُلِ يُمَلِّكُ امرأتَه أمرَها، فتَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ إلَيه ولا تَقضِى فيه شَيئًا، فقالا: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ بطَلاقٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: إن قَبِلوها فواحِدَةٌ هو أحَقُّ بها، وإِن لَم يَقبَلوها فلَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩١٧)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٦٢١) من طريق القاسم به. وفيه: فطلقت نفسها ثلاثا.\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"ويقول\"، وكتب فوقها: \"بخطه\". والمثبت كما فى الحاشية وكتب: \"صح\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٤٤٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٥٣. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٧٦٥).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٥.","vol":"15","page":287},{"text":"بشَئٍ. فى الرَّجُلِ يَهَبُ امرأتَه لأهلِها (^١).\n\n١٥١٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن شَريكٍ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لامرأتِه: استَلحِقِى بأَهلِكِ. أو وهَبَها لأهلِها فقَبِلوها، فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ وهو أحَقُّ بها (^٢).\n\n١٥١٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محملإ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفٌ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى رَجُل وهَبَ امرأتَه لأهلِها فقالَ: إن قَبِلوها فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ بائنَةٌ، وإِن رَدّوها فهِىَ واحِدَةٌ، وهو أملَكُ برَجعَتِها (^٣).\n\n١٥١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إذا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه مَرَّةً واحِدَةً؛ فإِن قَضَت فلَيسَ له مِن أمرِها شَئٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٢٤١)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٢٥)، عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٤٥٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٠١) عن شريك به. وتقدم فى (١٥١٣٧، ١٥١٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٢٣٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٥٩٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٠٦، ١٨٤٠٧) من طريق مطرف به.","vol":"15","page":288},{"text":"وإِن لَم تَقضِ فهِىَ واحِدَةٌ وأَمرُها إلَيه (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه، وفِى إسنادِه خَلَلٌ.\nوقَدِ اتَّفَقَ قَولُ علىٍّ -﵁- فى التَّخييرِ والتَّمليكِ، وكَذلك قَولُ عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- فيهِما مُتَّفِقٌ، وأَمّا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵁- فقَدِ اختَلَفَ قَولُه فيهِما كما رَوَينا.\nوقَد رَوَى الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى: اختارِى، و: أَمرُكِ بيَدِكِ: سَواءٌ فى قَولِ علىٍّ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵃ - (^٢). وكأنَّه عَلِمَ مِنه قَولًا آخَرَ فى إحدَى المَسأَلَتَينِ يوافِقُ قَولَه فى المَسأَلَةِ الأُخرَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: قُلتُ لأيّوبَ: هَل تَعلَمُ أحَدًا قال بقَولِ الحَسَنِ فى: أمرُكِ بيَدِكِ، أنَّه ثَلاثٌ؟ فقالَ: لا، إلَّا شَئٌ حدثنا به قَتادَةُ عن كَثيرٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوِهِ. قال أيّوبُ: فقَدِمَ عَلَينا كَثيرٌ فسألتُه فقالَ: ما حَدَّثتُ بهذا قَطُّ. فذَكَرتُه لِقَتادَةَ فقالَ: بَلَى، ولَكِن قَد نَسِىَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٩٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٤٠: إسناده منقطع.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١١٩٧١) وعنده: عمر. بدلًا من: ابن مسعود.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٥، ٢٠٦، وقال: غريب صحح. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٠٤)، والترمذى (١١٧٨)، والنسائى (٣٤١٠) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٧٨).","vol":"15","page":289},{"text":"كَثيرٌ (^١) هَذا لَم يَثبُتْ مِن مَعرِفَتِه ما يوجِبُ قَبولَ رِوايَتِه، وقَولُ العامَّةِ بخِلافِ رِوايَتِه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3261>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَقولُ في التَّمليكِ: طَلَّقتُكَ. وهِيَ تُريدُ الطَّلاقَ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ الأسوَدِ وعَلقَمَةَ فى الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى قال لامرأتِه: الَّذِى بيَدِى مِن أمرِكِ بيَدِكِ. قالَت: فإِنِّي قَد طَلَّقتُكَ ثَلاثًا. فسألَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: أُراها واحِدَةً وأَنتَ أحَقُّ بها. وسألَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: وأَنا أرَى ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن ثَقيفَ مَلَّكَ امرأتَه أمرَها فقالَت: أنتَ الطَّلاقُ. فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قالَت: أنتَ الطَّلاقُ. فقالَ: بفِيكِ الحَجَرُ. ثُمَّ قالَت: أنتَ الطَلاقُ. فقالَ: بفِيكِ الحَجَرُ. واختَصَما إلَى مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ فاستَحلَفَه ما مَلَّكَها إلا واحِدَةً. ثُمَّ رَدَّها إلَيه. قال: فكانَ القاسِمُ يُعجِبُه ذَلِكَ القَضاءُ ويَراه أحسَنَ ما سَمِعَ فى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) هو كثير بن كثير أو ابن أبى كثير مولى عبد الرحمن بن سمرة. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢١١، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١٥٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ١٥٢، قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٣٣: مقبول.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥١٤١).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٨ ظ، ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٤، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٧/ ٢٥٥.","vol":"15","page":290},{"text":"١٥١٥٣ - ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ أمرَ امرأتِه بيَدِها، فقالَت: فأنتَ طالِقٌ ثَلاثًا. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: خَطّأ اللهُ نَوءَها (^١)، ألَا طَلَّقَت نَفسَها ثَلاثًا؟ أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ وحَبيب، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ. والحَسَنُ مَتروكٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٥٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، عن الحَكَمِ وحَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّ امرأةً قالَت لِزَوجِها: لَو أنَّ ما تَملِكُ مِن أمرِى كان بيَدِى لَعَلِمتَ كَيفَ أصنَعُ. قال: فإِنَّ ما أملِكُ مِن أمرِكِ بيَدِكِ. قالَت: قَد طَلَّقتُكَ ثَلاثًا. فقيلَ ذَلِكَ لابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: خَطأ اللهُ نَوءَها، فهَلَّا طَلَّقَت نَفسَها؟ إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) قال أبو عبيد: النوء هو النجم الذى يكون به المطر، فمن همز الحرف فقال: خطأ الله. فإنه أراد الدعاء عليها، أي أخطأها المطر، ومن قال: خطَّ الله نوءها. فلم يهمز وشدد الطاء، فإنه يجعله من الخطيطة وهى الأرض التى لم تمطر بين أرضين ممطورتين. . . . غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢١١. والمعنى: حرمها الله الخير كما حرم من لم يمطر وقت المطر. التمهيد ٩/ ٨٠.\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢١٠، ٢١١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩٢٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٦٤١، ١٦٤٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢٧٧، ١٨٢٧٨) من طرق عن ابن عباس.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).","vol":"15","page":291},{"text":"الطَّلاقُ عَلَيها ولَيسَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٥١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ امرأةً قالَت لِزَوجِها: لَو أنَّ بيَدِى مِن أمرِ الطَّلاقِ ما بيَدِكَ لَفَعَلتُ. فقالَ لَها: هو بيَدِكِ. أو: قَد جَعَلتُه بيَدِكِ. فقالَت له: فأَنتَ طالِقٌ ثَلاثًا. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: خَطّأ اللهُ نَوءَها، ألَا طَلَّقَت نَفسَها؟\nورُوِّينا عن مَنصورٍ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ لإبراهيمَ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: خطّأ اللهُ نَوءَها، لَو قالَت: قَد طَلَّقتُ نَفسِى. فقالَ إبراهيمُ: هُما سَواءٌ. يَعنى قَولَها: طَلَّقتُكَ. و: طَلَّقتُ نَفسِى. سَواءٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3262>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه في نَفسِه ولَم يُحَرِّك به لِسانَهُ</span>\n\n١٥١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"\"تَجاوَزَ اللَّهُ لأُمَّتِى ما حَدَّثَت به أنفُسَها، ما لَم تَكَلَّمْ به أو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (١٤٦٦) من طريق الحكم به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٩١٨، ١١٩١٩) من طرق عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٩١٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٦٤٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٨٢٧٥، ١٨٢٧٦) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"15","page":292},{"text":"تَعمَلْ به\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3263>بابُ مَن قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ عليَّ حَرامٌ</span>\n\n١٥١٥٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ بمَروَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بشرٍ الحَريرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ يَعلَى بنَ حَكيمٍ أخبَرَه عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إذا حَرَّمَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَيه امرأتَه فهِىَ يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها. وقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ (^٤) [الأحزاب: ٢١]. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن أبى تَوبَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال في مَتنِه: إذا حَرَّمَ امرأتَه لَيسَ بشَئٍ. وقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ بشرٍ كما رُوِّينا (^٥).\n\n١٥١٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٣١١)، وينظر (٣٩٢٦، ١٤٨٦٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٨، ٢٥٢٩، ٦٦٦٤)، ومسلم (١٢٧/ ٢٠٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٥٠) من طريق أبى توبة به. والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٢٨٤٤)، وعنه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٦٧)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٤١ من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٢٦٦)، ومسلم (١٤٧٣/ ١٩).","vol":"15","page":293},{"text":"الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال في الحَرامِ: يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها. وقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ (^١).\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائِىُّ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: الحَرامُ يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها. قال هِشامٌ: وكَتَبَ إلَىَّ يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ في الحَرامِ: يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها. وقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾. يَعنِى أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان حَرَّمَ جاريتَه فقالَ اللهُ: ﴿لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [التحريم: ١، ٢]. فكَفَّرَ يَمينَه وصَيَّرَ الحَرامَ يَمينًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ دونَ هذه الزّيادَةِ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٨٢)، والطيالسى (٢٧٥٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٧٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٩١١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٦٢) دون أثر عمر، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٤٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٦) عن إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٧٣/ ١٨).","vol":"15","page":294},{"text":"١٥١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى جَعَلتُ امرأتِى علىَّ حَرامًا. فقالَ: كَذَبتَ، لَيسَت عَلَيكَ بحَرامٍ. ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾، عَلَيكَ أغلَظُ الكَفّاراتِ؛ [عِتقُ رَقَبَةٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ رَوحٍ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: عَلَيكَ أغلَظُ الكَفّاراتِ] (^١) (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عنه أنَّه على التَّخييرِ، وبِه نَقولُ:\n\n١٥١٦١ - أخبَرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه: ﴿قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾: أمَرَ اللهُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- والمُؤمِنينَ إذا حَرَّموا شَيئًا مِمّا أحَل اللهُ أن يُكَفِّروا عن أيمانِهِم بإِطعامِ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ أو كِسوَتِهِم أو تَحريرِ رَقَبَةٍ، ولَيسَ يَدخُلُ في ذَلِكَ طَلاقٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٩٣، ٤٩٤ وصححه، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٤٣. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٢٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٨٦ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"15","page":295},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ أنَّ أعرابيًّا أتَى ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: إنِّى جَعَلتُ امرأتِى علىَّ حَرامًا. قال: لَيسَت عَلَيكَ بحَرامٍ. قال: أرأيتَ قَولَ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ﴾ [آل عمران: ٩٣]؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ إسرائيلَ كانَت به الأَنْساءُ (^١)، فجَعَلَ على نَفسِه إن شَفاه اللهُ ألَّا يأكُلَ العُروقَ مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ. ولَيسَت بحَرامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت في الحَرامِ: يَمينٌ (^٣).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ فقالَ: يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها (^٤). وحَكَى الشّافِعِىُّ عن أبى يوسُفَ، عن أشعثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، أنَّه قال في الحَرامِ: إن نَوَى به يَمينًا\n_________\n(^١) الأنساء: جمع النسا، والمقصود عرق النسا: وهو وجع يبتدئ من الوَرِك من خلف، وينزل إلى الركبة، وربما بلغ الكعب، وكلما طال زمانه زاد نزوله، فربما امتد إلى الأصابع بحسب كثرة مادته وقلتها، ويَهْزُل معه الرِّجل والفخِذ، ويصعب الانكباب وتسوية القامة، وربما انخلع بسببه طرَف الفَخِذ. ينظر الموجز في الطب لابن النفيس ص ٢٦٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٥٨٢، ٥٨٣ من طريق شعبة به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٦٨٣) من طريق أبى بشر به مطولًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٨٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٦ من طريق عبد الله بن بكر به.","vol":"15","page":296},{"text":"فيَمينٌ، وإِن نَوَى طَلاقًا فطَلاقٌ، وهو ما نَوَى مِن ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٥١٦٤ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: نيَّتُه في الحَرامِ ما نَوَى، إلى لَم يَكُنْ نَوَى طَلاقًا؛ فهِىَ يَمينٌ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٥١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ الإمامُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ في الحَرامِ: إن نَوَى يَمينًا فيَمينٌ، وإِن نَوَى طَلاقًا فطَلاقٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٦٦ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ (^٤) الشُّرَيحِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن مُخَوَّلِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ في الحَرامِ: إن نَوَى طَلاقًا فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ واحِدَةٌ وهو أملَكُ بالرَّجعَةِ، وإن لَم يَنوِ طَلاقًا فيَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها.\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٧/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٩٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٧٢) من طريق أشعث به. وليس عند سعيد: إبراهيم.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٦٦)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦٣٢) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى في حديثه (٣٨). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٣٧٣، ١١٣٧٤)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٦٨٥، ١٦٨٦)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٩٧).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أحمد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٥٢٧.","vol":"15","page":297},{"text":"قال: وأخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن مُخَوَّلٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- مِثلَه (^١).\n\n١٥١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: الحَرامُ يَمينٌ (^٢).\nواختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-:\n\n١٥١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يَجعَلُ الحَرامَ يَمينًا (^٤).\n\n١٥١٦٩ - وبِإِسنادِه عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، أنَّه أتاه رَجُلٌ قَد طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَتَينِ فقالَ: أنتِ علىَّ حَرامٌ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لا أرُدُّها إلَيكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٤٠٨، ٢٤٠٩). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٧١) عن يزيد بن هارون بالإسناد الأول، وفى (١٨٣٧٠) عن شريك بالإسناد الثانى.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في الجامع (١٢٧٧) من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٥٩)، وعبد الله بن أحمد في العلل (٢٨٧٠)، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٥١٣) من طريق داود به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٨١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٦ عن سعيد به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"الحسين\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٧٤.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥١٥٨) من طريق عكرمة عن عمر، بدون ذكر ابن عباس.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عليك\".=","vol":"15","page":298},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن علىٍّ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- في: البَريَّةِ والبَتَّةِ والحَرامِ، أنَّها ثَلاثٌ ثَلاثٌ (^١).\n\n١٥١٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ مُجالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُجالِدٍ البَجَلِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ التَّميمِىُّ، حدثنا الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو الأشعَثِىُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا عَبثَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ هو الشَّعبِىُّ في الرَّجُلِ يَجعَلُ امرأتَه عَلَيه حَرامًا، قال: يَقولود: إنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- جَعَلَها ثَلاثًا. قال عامِرٌ: ما قال علىٌّ -﵁- هَذا، إنَّما قال: لا أُحِلُّها ولا أُحَرِّمُها (^٣).\nوروّينا فيما مَضَى عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّها ثَلاثٌ إذا نَوَى (^٤). إلَّا أنَّها رِوايَةٌ ضَعيفَةٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- آلَى وحَرَّمَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١].\n_________\n= والأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٩١) عن سفيان به.\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥١٢٠، ١٥١٢٢).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"الأشجعى\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٦٨٢) من طريق مطرف به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٨٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٩١) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥١٢١).","vol":"15","page":299},{"text":"قال: فالحَرامُ حَلالٌ، وقالَ في الآيَةِ: ﴿قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ (^١) [التحريم: ٢]. هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٥١٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ قَزَعَةَ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: آلَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن نِسائِه وحَرَّمَ، فجَعَلَ الحَرامَ حَلالًا، وجَعَلَ في اليَمينِ كَفّارَةً (^٢).\nوفِى هَذا تَقويَةٌ لِمَن زَعَمَ أنَّ لَفظَ الحَرامِ لا يَكونُ بإِطلاقِه يَمينًا ولا طَلاقًا ولا ظِهارًا.\n\n١٥١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وعُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه قال: ما أُبالِى إيّاها حَرَّمتُ أو ماءً قَرَاحًا (^٣).\n\n١٥١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ١٨٦، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٠٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٨٤ من طريق داود به. وينظر ما سيأتى في (١٥١٧٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٨٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٧٢)، وابن حبان (٤٢٧٨) من طريق الحسن بن قزعة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٨٥).\n(^٣) الماء القراح: هو الماء الذى لم يخالطه شيء. النهاية ٤/ ٣٦.\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٨٢) من طريق سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٣٧٦، ١١٣٧٧) عن أبى سلمة به.","vol":"15","page":300},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: ما أُبالى أحَرَّمتُها أو قَصعَةً مِن ثَريدٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3264>بابُ مَن قال لأمَتِه: أنتِ عليَّ حَرامٌ. لا يُريدُ عَتاقًا</span>\n\n١٥١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن مُسلِمٍ الأعوَرِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾. قال: حَرَّمَ سُرِّيَّتَه (^٢).\n\n١٥١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدِ (^٣) بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّهَ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى عَطيَّةَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ [التحريم: ١، ٢]. قال: كانَت حَفصةُ وعائشَةُ -﵄- مُتَحابَّتَينِ، وكانَتا زوجَىِ (^٤) النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فذَهَبَت حَفصَةُ إلَى أبيها تَحَدَّثُ عِندَه، فأَرسَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى جاريَتِه فظَلَّت مَعَه في بَيتِ حَفصةَ، وكانَ اليَومَ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٣٧٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٧٠٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٣٨٨)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٣٩٧) عن مسروق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٤٩٤٦)، والطبرانى (١١١٣٠) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"سعيد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٣٩٩، ١٤٠٩٠،١٤٩٦٤)، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ١٧٤.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"زوجتى\".","vol":"15","page":301},{"text":"يأتِى فيه عائشةَ -﵂-، فرَجَعَت حَفصَةُ فوَجَدَتها في بَيتِها، فجَعَلَت تَنظُرُ (^١) خُروجَها، وغارَت غَيرَةً شَديدَةً، فأَخرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جاريَتَه ودَخَلَت حَفصَةُ فقالَت: قَد رأيتُ مَن كان عِندَكَ، واللهِ لَقَد سُؤتَنِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"واللَّهِ لأُرضيَنَّكِ، وإنِّى مُسِرٌّ إليكِ سِرًّا فاحفَظيه\". فقالَ: \"إنِّى أُشهِدُكِ أنَّ سُرّيَّتى هذه علىَّ حَرامٌ رِضًا لَكِ\". وكانَت حَفصَةُ وعائشَةُ -﵄- تَظاهرَتا على نِساءِ النَّبِىِّ، فانطَلَقَت حَفصَةُ فأَسَرَّت إلَيها (^٢) أن أبشِرِى أنَّ محمدًا -ﷺ- قَد حَرَّمَ عَلَيه فتاتَه. فلَمّا أخبَرَت بسِرِّ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أظهَرَ اللهُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عَلَيه، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٥١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ بُكَيرٍ (^٤) الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كانَت له أمَةٌ يَطَؤُها، فلَم تَزَلْ به حَفصةُ حَتَّى جَعَلَها على نَفسِه حَرامًا، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاتَ أَزْوَاجِكَ﴾ [التحريم: ١] إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تنتظر\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"سرا وهو\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٨٦. ٨٧ عن محمد بن سعد به.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"بكر\"، وكتب فوقه: \"ص\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"صوابه بكير\".\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٩٣ وصححه. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٩٦٩) من طريق ثابت به، وعندهما: حفصة وعائشة. وقال الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٣٦٩٥): صحيح الإسناد.","vol":"15","page":302},{"text":"١٥١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عَبيدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ وجوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، أنَّ حَفصةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- زارَت أباها ذاتَ يَومٍ وكانَ يَومَها، فلَمّا جاءَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فلَم يَرَها في المَنزِلِ، فأَرسَلَ إلَى أمَتِه ماريَةَ القِبطيَّةِ، فأَصابَ مِنها في بَيتِ حَفصةَ، فجاءَت حَفصَةُ على تِلكَ الحالِ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أتَفعَلُ هَذا في بَيتى وفِى يَومِى؟ قال: \"فإِنَّها علىَّ حَرامٌ، لا تُخبِرِى بذَلِكَ أحَدًا\". فانطَلَقَت حَفصةُ إلَى عائشةَ فأَخبَرَتها بذَلِكَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ في كِتابِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [التحريم: ١ - ٤]. فأُمِرَ أن يُكَفِّرَ عن يَمينِه ويُراجِعَ أمَتَه (^١). وَبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه الحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n١٥١٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا داودُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَلَفَ لِحَفصَةَ ألَّا يَقرَبَ أمَتَه وقالَ: \"هِىَ عليّ حَرامٌ\". فنَزَلَتِ الكَفّارَةُ ليَمينِه، وأُمِرَ ألَّا يُحَرِّمَ ما أحَلَّ اللهُ (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ. وقَد رُوِّيناه مَوصولًا في البابِ قَبلَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٧٠٧). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تقسيره ٢٣/ ٨٥ من طريق الضحاك بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٣٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٨٨ عن الحسن به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٧٠٨). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥١٧١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥١٧٢).","vol":"15","page":303},{"text":"١٥١٨٠ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في بَيتِ حَفصَةَ، فدَخَلَت فرأت مَعَه فَتاتَه فقالَت: في بَيتِى ويَومِى؟ فقالَ: \"اسكُتِى، فواللَّهِ لا أقرَبُها، وهِىَ علىَّ حَرامٌ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ حمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُّؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3265>بابُ مَن قال: ما لِي عليَّ حَرامٌ. لا يُريدُ جَواريَهُ</span>\n\n١٥١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: زَعَمَ عَطاءٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ يُخبِرُ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تُخبِرُ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَمكُثُ عِندَ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ -﵂- ويَشرَبُ عِندَها عَسَلًا، فتَواصَيتُ أنا وحَفصَةُ أيَّتُنا ما دَخَلَ عَلَيها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فلتَقُلْ (^٢). إنِّى أجِدُ مِنكَ ريحَ مَغافيرَ (^٣)، أكَلتَ مَغافيرَ؟ فدَخَلَ على إحداهُما فقالَت ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"بَل شَرِبتُ عَسَلًا عِندَ زَينَبَ ولَن أعودَ له\". فنَزَلَت: ﴿لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ﴾ إلَى: ﴿إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾. لِعائشَةَ وحَفصَةَ -﵄-: ﴿وَإِذْ أَسَرَّ\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٢٤٠). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٨٨ من طريق سعيد بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٠١ عن قتادة بمعناه.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فليقل\".\n(^٣) مغافير: شيء كالصمغ فيه حلاوة ينضحه شجر العرفط وله ريح منكرة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٦، وتفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٦٢.","vol":"15","page":304},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِهِ حَدِيثًا﴾. لِقَولِه: \"بَل شرِبتُ عَسَلًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ، كِلاهُما عن حَجّاجٍ (^٢).\nقال البخارىُّ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، عن هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ في هَذا الحديثِ: \"ولَن أعودَ له، وقَد حَلَفتُ، ولا تُخبِرِى بذَلِكَ أحَدًا\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه محمدُ بنُ ثَورٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤). وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في هذه القِصةِ: \"واللَّهِ لا أشرَبُه\" (^٥). فأَخبَرَ أنَّه حَلَفَ عَلَيه، فأَشبَهَ أن يَكونَ وُجوبُ الكَفّارَةِ تَعَلَّقَ باليَمينِ لا بالتَّحريمِ.\nوقَد رَواه عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ يُخالِفُه في بَعضِ الألفاظِ، ولَم يَذكُرْ نُزولَ الآيَةِ فيه، وهو فيما:\n\n١٥١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو في \"فوائدِ الأصَمِّ\" قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ خَليلٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٥٨٥٢)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٧١٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٤٢١)، وابن حبان (٤١٨٣) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٦٧، ٦٦٩١)، ومسلم (١٤٧٤/ ٢٠).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٦٦٩١). وأخرجه موصولا في (٤٩١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٥٤) من طريق محمد بن ثور به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٢٢٦)، والمصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٨٨) من طريق ابن أبي مليكة به.","vol":"15","page":305},{"text":"هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُحِبُّ العَسَلَ والحَلواءَ، وكانَ إذا انصَرَفَ مِنَ العَصرِ دَخَلَ على نِسائِه فيَدنو مِن إحداهُنَّ، فدَخَلَ على حَفصةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ -﵄- فاحتَبَسَ عِندَها أكثَرَ مِمّا كان يَحتَبِسُ فغِرتُ، فسألتُ عن ذَلِكَ، فقيلَ لِى: أهدَت لَها امرأةٌ مِن قَومِها عُكَّةَ (^١) عَسَلٍ فسَقَتْه مِنها شَربَةً. فقُلتُ: أمَا (^٢) واللهِ لَنَحْتالَنَّ له. فقُلتُ لِسَودَةَ بنتِ زَمعَةَ: إنَّه سَيَدنو مِنكِ إذا دَخَلَ عَلَيكِ فقولِى له: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أكَلتَ مَغافيرَ (^٣)؟ فإِنَّه سَيَقولُ لَكِ: لا. فقولِى له: ما هذه الرّيحُ التى أجِدُ مِنكَ؟ فإِنَّه سَيَقولُ لَكِ: سَقَتنى حَفصَةُ شَربَةً مِن عَسَلٍ. فقولِى له: جَرَسَتْ نَحْلُه العُرْفُطَ (^٤). وسأقولُ ذَاكَ، وقولِى أنت يا صَفيَّةُ ذاكَ. قالت (^٥): تَقولُ سَودَةُ: واللهِ ما هو إلَّا أن قامَ على البابِ، فأَرَدتُ أن أُناديَه بما أمَرتِنى فرَقًا مِنكِ، فلَمّا دَنا مِنها قالَت له سَودَةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أكَلتَ مَغافيرَ؟ قال: \"لا\". قالَت: فما هذه الرّيحُ التى أجِدُ مِنكَ؟ قال: \"سَقَتنِى حَفصَةُ شَربَه عَسَل\". فقالَت: جَرَسَت نَحلُه العُرفُطَ. فلَمّا دارَ إلَىَّ قُلتُ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا دارَ إلَى صَفيَّةَ قالَت له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. تَعنِى فلَمّا دارَ إلَى حَفصَةَ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا أسقيكَ مِنه؟ قال: \"لا حاجَةَ لِى فيه\". قال: تَقولُ لَها سَودَةُ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! واللهِ لَقَد\n_________\n(^١) العكة: وعاء من جلود مستدير يختص بالسمن والعسل، وهو بالسمن أخص. النهاية ٣/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) في م: \"إنا\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، ومسند أحمد: \"مغافر\". وينظر فتح الباري ٩/ ٣٧٧.\n(^٤) جرست: أي أكلت العرفط ليصير منه العسل، قال أهل اللغة: العرفط من الشجر كل شجر له شوك. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى ١٠/ ٧٦.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"قال\".","vol":"15","page":306},{"text":"حَرَمْناه. قُلتُ لَها: اسكُتِى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن فروَةَ بنِ أبى المَغراءِ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: أُتِىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بضرعٍ فقالَ لِلقَومِ: ادنُوا. فأَخَذوا يَطعَمونَه، وكانَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم ناحيَةً فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ادنُ. فقالَ: إنِّى لا أُريدُه. فقالَ: لِمَ؟ قال: لأنِّى حَرَّمتُ الضَّرعَ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: هَذا مِن خُطواتِ الشَّيطانِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٧]. ادنُ فكُلْ وكَفِّرْ (^٣) يَمينَكَ؛ فإِنَّ هَذا مِن خُطواتِ الشَّيطانِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3266>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَلاقِ التى لَم يُدخَلْ بها</span>\n\n١٥١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣١٦)، وأبو داود (٣٧١٥)، والترمذى (١٨٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٢٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٦٨)، ومسلم (١٤٧٤/ ...).\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١٣، ٣١٤ وصححه. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٧٢ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٨٩٠٨) عن جرير به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٠٤٢)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٠٣) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"15","page":307},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ وابنُ يَحيَى -وهَذا حَديثُ أحمدَ- قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إياسٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ وأَبا هريرةَ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵃- سُئلوا عن البِكرِ يُطَلِّقُها زَوجُها ثَلاثًا، فكُلُّهُم قال: لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^١). قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه مالكٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ أنَّه شَهِدَ هذه القِصَّةَ. يَعنى كما:\n\n١٥١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ بُكَيرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ الأشَجِّ أخبَرَه، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه كان جالِسًا مَعَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: فجاءَهُما محمدُ بنُ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ فقالَ: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، فماذا تَرَيانِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: إنّ هَذا لأمرٌ ما لَنا فيه قَول، اذهَبْ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وإِلَى أبى هريرةَ -﵄- فإِنِّى قَد تَرَكتُهُما عِندَ عائشةَ -﵂- فسَلْهُما ثُمَّ ائتِنا فأَخبِرْنا. فَذَهَبَ فسألَهُما، فقالَ ابنُ عباس لأبي هريرةَ -﵄-: أفتِه يا أبا هريرةَ، فقَد جاءَتكَ مُعضلَةٌ. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: الواحِدَةُ تُبينُها والثلاثُ تُحَرِّمُها. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٥٨)، وأبو داود (٢١٩٨)، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٧١) من طريق الزهرى عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن وحده به.","vol":"15","page":308},{"text":"تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^١).\n\n١٥١٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن مُعاويَةَ ابنِ أبى عَيّاشٍ، عن ابنِ إياسِ بنِ البُكَيرِ، أنَّه أُتِىَ عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ الزُّبَيرِ بأَعرابِىٍّ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى حَديثِ مالكٍ. وزادَ فقالَ: وتابَعَتهُما عائشَةُ -﵂- (^٢).\nهَذا هو المَشهورُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ. ورُوِّيناه في مَسأَلَةِ طَلاقِ الثَّلاثِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَلِىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ [وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ] (^٣) -﵃- (^٤). وقَد:\n\n١٥١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٧١. وتقدم في (١٥٠٧٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٣٧) من طريق يحيى بمعناه مختصرًا دون ذكر: عن ابن عباس. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠ من طريق ابن إياس مختصرًا.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ والمهذب، ولعله أراد: زيد بن ثابت كما مضى في طلاق الثلاث، وكما سيأتي عقب الأثر بعد القادم.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٠٥٥، ١٥٠٦٤ - ١٥٠٧١). وسيأتى في (١٥٢٩٦).","vol":"15","page":309},{"text":"قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ وعَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ وجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، كُلُّهُم يَرويه عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: هِىَ واحِدَةٌ بائنَةٌ. يَعنِى في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها (^١). فهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به إذا فرَّقَهُنَّ فلا يَكونُ مُخالِفًا لِما قَبلَه (^٢). والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على ذَلِكَ مَعَ ما مَضَى ما:\n\n١٥١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ (^٣)، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، قال: عُقدَةٌ كانَت بيَدِه أرسَلَها جَميعًا، وإِذا كانت تَترَى فلَيسَ بشَئٍ. قال سفيانُ: تَترَى يَعنى: أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ. فإِنَّها تَبينُ بالأولَى، والثِّنتانِ لَيسَتا بشَئٍ (^٤).\nوحَكَى الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ اختِلافِ العِراقيَّينِ، أظُنُّه عن أبى يوسُفَ، في الرَّجُلِ يقولُ لامرأتِه لَم يَدخُلْ بها: أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ، أنتِ طالِقٌ. [طَلُقت بالتطليقةِ] (^٥) الأولَى، ولَم تَقَعْ عَلَيها الباقيَتانِ. هَذا قَولُ أبى حَنيفَةَ، بَلَغَنا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعلىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵃- وِإبراهيمَ بذَلِكَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٥٩) من طريق عطاء عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"قبلها\"، وفى الحاشية إحالة غير واضحة.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"حاتم\". وهو جابر بن يزيد الجعفى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٦٦، ١٤/ ٣٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٧٠) عن سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"فالتطليقة\".\n(^٦) الأم ٧/ ١٥٨.","vol":"15","page":310},{"text":"١٥١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ أنَّه قال في رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه ولَم يَدخُلْ بها: أنتِ طالِقٌ، ثُمَّ أنتِ طالِقٌ، ثُمَّ أنتِ طالِقٌ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: أيُطَلِّقُ (^١) امرأةً على ظَهرِ الطَّريقِ؟ قَد بانَت مِن حينَ طَلَّقَها التَّطليقَةَ الأولَى (^٢). وهَذا مَعنَى ما:\n\n١٥١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ: أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن أخيه، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عَتيقٍ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأرقَمِ قال: قال الحَسَنُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"طَلاقُ التى لَم يُدخَلْ بها واحِدَةٌ\" (^٣). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ، وراويه سُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\nويَحتَمِلُ إن صحَّ أن يَكونَ أرادَ أنَّ طَلاقَها وطَلاقَ المَدخولِ بها واحِدٌ كما قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ. وحَديثُ أبى الصَّهباءِ في سُؤالِ ابنِ عباسٍ قَد مَضَى، ومَضَى الكَلامُ عَلَيه (^٥)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، والمعرفة، والمهذب ٦/ ٢٩٤٨: \"أتطلق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٦٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٨٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١٠٣ من طريق ابن أبى أويس به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٩٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٠٨٠، ١٥٠٨١، ١٥٠٩٠).","vol":"15","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3267>بابُ الطَّلاقِ بالوَقتِ والفِعلِ</span>\n\n١٥١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- في رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: إن فعَلَتْ كَذا وكَذا فهِىَ طالِقٌ، فتَفعَلُه، قال: هِىَ واحِدَةٌ، وهو أحَقُّ بها.\n\n١٥١٩٢ - أخبرَنا (^١) أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن إبراهيمَ في رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: هِىَ طالِقٌ إلَى سنةٍ. قال: هِىَ امرأتُه يَستَمتِعُ مِنها إلَى سنةٍ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣). وبِه قال عَطاءٌ وجابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥١٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ وشَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ في رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إذا جاءَ رَمَضانُ. قال: هِىَ امرأتُه\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أخبرناه\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٣١٩، ١١٣٢٠)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٧٩٨، ١٧٩٩)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٧٥).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٧٧).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٣٠٨، ١١٣١٠، ١١٣١٨)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٧٨).","vol":"15","page":312},{"text":"يَومَ طَلَّقَها حَتَّى يَجِئَ رَمَضانُ (^١).\n\n١٥١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: أيُّما رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إن خَرَجتِ حَتَّى اللَّيلِ. فخَرَجَتِ امرأتُه، أو قال ذَلِكَ في غُلامِه، فخَرَجَ غُلامُه قَبلَ اللَّيلِ بغَيرِ عِلمِه طَلُقَتِ امرأتُه، وعَتَقَ غُلامُه؛ لأنَّه تَرَكَ أن يَستَثنِىَ، لَو شاءَ قال: بإِذنِى. ولَكِنَّه فرَّطَ في الاستِثناءِ، فإِنَّما يُجعَلُ تَفريطُه عَلَيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3268>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَلاقِ المُكرَهِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦]. ولِلكُفرِ أحكامٌ، فلَمّا وضَعَ (^٢) اللهُ عنه سَقَطَت أحكامُ الإكراهِ عن القَولِ كُلِّه؛ لأنَّ الأعظَمَ إذا سَقَطَ عن الناسِ سَقَطَ ما هو أصغَرُ مِنه (^٣).\n\n١٥١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو ذَرِّ ابنُ أبى الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَجاوَزَ لِى عن أُمَّتِى الخَطأَ والنِّسيانَ وما استُكرِهوا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٣١٩، ١١٣٢٠)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٨٠٠).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٧١)، والشافعي ٣/ ٢٣٦.","vol":"15","page":313},{"text":"عَلَيه\" (^١). جَوَّدَ إسنادَه بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ.\n\n١٥١٩٦ - ورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ فلَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: عن عَطاء عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n١٥١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ وردانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وضَعَ اللهُ عن أُمَّتِى الخَطأَ والنِّسيانَ وما استُكرِهوا عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n١٥١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكبر محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَرير، حدثنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يُحَدِّثُ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ حَدَّثَه، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ أنَّه أمَرَه أن يأتِىَ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ شَيبَةَ فيَسأَلَها عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٧٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٢١٩) من طريق الربيع به. وسيأتى في (٢٠٠٣٨).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٥٨. واخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٤٥) عن محمد بن المصفى به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٦٤).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٩٤. وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٢٧٦) من طريق محمد بن المصفى به.","vol":"15","page":314},{"text":"حَديثٍ بَلَغَه أنَّها تُحَدِّثُه عن عائشةَ -﵂-، فأَتَيتُها فحَدَّثَتنِى أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- حَدَّثَتها أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا طَلاقَ ولا عَتاقَ في إغلاقٍ\" (^١). ورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٢)، وقالَ بَعضهُم: \"في غِلاقٍ\". ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ هَذا هو ابنُ أبى صالِحٍ المَكِّىُّ.\n\n١٥١٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا قَزَعَةُ بنُ سوَيدٍ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ إسحاقَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عثمانَ جَميعًا، عن صفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا طَلاقَ ولا عَتاقَ في إغلاقٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيز بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ قُدامَةَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الإغلاق: الإكراه؛ لأن المكره مغلق عليه في أمره ومضيق عليه في تصرفه كما يغلق الباب على الإنسان\". وهو كذلك في النهاية ٣/ ٣٧٩.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٨٩).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (٢٠٠٤٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٤٦) من طريق ابن نمير به، وعنده: عبيد بن أبى صالح. بدلًا من: محمد بن عبيد. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٢٩، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٤٨٣)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٦ من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٦ من طريق قزعة به.","vol":"15","page":315},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ حاطِبٍ الجُمَحِىُّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَدَلَّى يَشتارُ (^١) عَسَلًا في زمانِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فجاءَته امرأتُه فوَقَفَت على الحَبلِ، فحَلَفَت لَتَقطَعَنَّه أو لَتُطَلَّقَنِّى ثَلاثًا، فذَكَّرَها اللهَ والإسلامَ فأَبَت إلَّا ذَلِكَ، فطلَّقَها ثَلاثًا، فلَمّا ظَهَرَ أتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-، فذَكَرَ له ما كان مِنها إلَيه ومِنه إلَيها، فقالَ: ارجِعْ إلَى أهلِكِ؛ فلَيسَ هَذا بطَلاقٍ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ قُدامَةَ. [هذا هو المشهورُ] (^٣) عن عُمَرَ -﵁-. [وقَد:\n\n١٥٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ قُدامَةَ الجُمَحِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ -﵁-] (^٤) بهَذِه القِصَّةِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فرُفِعَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فأَبانَها مِنه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- خِلافُه. قال: ويُروى عن على وابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ وعَطاءٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أنَّهُم كانوا يَرَونَ طَلاقَه غَيرَ جائزٍ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى أشبَهُ، وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ عن علىٍّ -﵁- فقَد:\n\n١٥٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) اشتار العسل: اجتناه وأخذه من موضعه. ينظر: غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٢٢، والتاج ١٢/ ٢٥٢ (ش ور).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٩٤)، والمعرفة (٤٤٧٣).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الجمحى عن أبيه\".\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٥) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٢٣.","vol":"15","page":316},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يُروَى عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: لا طَلاقَ لِمُكرَهٍ (^١). وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-:\n\n١٥٢٠٣ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ الغازى (^٢)، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى يقولُ: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- لَم يُجِزْ طَلاقَ المُكرَهِ (^٣).\nوفِى \"كتاب إسحاق\" بإِسنادِه عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ أكرَهَه اللُّصوصُ حَتَّى طَلَّقَ امرأتَه فقال: قالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٠٤ - حَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ (^٥) بنُ أحمدَ الحافظُ قال: كَتَبَ إلَينا القاضِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ صَخرٍ الأزدِىُّ البَصرِىُّ الضريرُ مِن مَكَّةَ حَرَسَها اللهُ ورَضِىَ عنه قال: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ ابنِ حَمدانَ السَّقَطىُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حدثنا الحَسَنُ يَعنِى ابنَ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عَفّانُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٧٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤١٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢١٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) في ص، ص ٨، م: \"القارى\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٤٢٤ من طريق عمرو بن على به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٤٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢١٥) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة ٥/ ٤٩٤، وأشار إليه الحافظ ابن حجر في الفتح ١٢/ ٣١٤، وفى تغليق التعليق ٥/ ٢٦١ أنه وصله ابن أبى شيبة من طريق عكرمة.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"الحسين\".","vol":"15","page":317},{"text":"هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طَلحَةَ الخُزاعِىُّ، عن أبى يَزيدَ المَدَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: لَيسَ لِمُكرَهٍ طَلاقٌ (^١).\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n١٥٢٠٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى نَصرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنى مالكٌ، عن ثابِتٍ الأحنَفِ أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ ولَدٍ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ. قال: فدَعانِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فجِئتُه، فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه وإِذا بَينَ يَدَيه سياطٌ مَوضوعَةٌ، وإِذا قَيدٌ مِن حَديدٍ وعَبدانِ له قَد أجلَسَهُما فقالَ: طَلِّقْها وإلَّا والَّذِى يُحلَفُ به فعَلتُ بكَ كَذا وكَذا. قال: فقُلتُ: هِىَ الطَّلاقُ ألفًا. فخَرَجتُ مِن عِندِه فأَدرَكتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- في طَريقِ مَكَّةَ (^٢) فأَخبَرتُه بالَّذِى كان مِن شأنِى، فتَغَيَّظَ عبدُ اللهِ وقالَ: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ بطَلاقٍ، إنَها لَم تَحرُمْ عَلَيكَ فارجِعْ إلَى أهلِكَ. قال: فلَم تُقِرَّنِى (^٣) نَفسِى حَتَّى أتَيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ وهو يَومَئذٍ بمَكَّةَ، فأخبَرتُه بالَّذِى كان مِن شأنِى وبِالَّذِى قال لِىَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَ لِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄-: لَم تَحرُمْ عَلَيكَ، فارجِعْ إلَى أهلِكَ. وكَتَبَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٤٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢١٣) عن هشيم به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"في خرب\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تقربى\".","vol":"15","page":318},{"text":"جابِرِ بنِ الأسوَدِ الزُّهرِىِّ وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ يَومَئذٍ يأمُرُه أن يُعاقِبَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وأَن يُخَلِّىَ بَينِى وبَينَ أهلِى، فقَدِمتُ فجَهَّزَت صَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبى عُبَيدٍ امرأةُ ابنِ عُمَرَ امرأتِى حَتَّى أدخَلَتها علىَّ بعِلمِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ دَعَوتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يَومَ عُرسِى لِوَليمَتِى فجاءَنِى (^١).\n\n١٥٢٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرًا يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى ثابِتٌ الأعرَجُ قال: تَزَوَّجتُ أُمَّ ولَدِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فدَعانِى ابنُه ودَعا غُلامَينِ له، فرَبَطونِى وضرَبونِى بسياطٍ وقالوا: لَتُطَلِّقَنَّها أو (^٢) لَنَفعَلَنَّ ولَنفعَلَنَّ. فطَلَّقتُها، ثُمَّ سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وابنَ الزُّبَيرِ فلَم يَرَياه شَيئًا (^٣).\nورُوِّينا هَذا المَذهَبَ مِنَ التّابِعينَ عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ والحَسَنِ وعِكرِمَةَ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٥٨٧.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"و\"، وفى حاشيتها: \"أو\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٠٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤١١) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٤٠٠ - ١١٤٠٢، ١١٤٠٤ - ١١٤٠٧)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١٣٢، ١١٤١، ١١٤٢)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٢١٨ - ١٨٢٢١، ١٨٢٢٤). وتقدم عن عبد الله بن عبيد في (١٥٢٠١)، وعن عكرمة عقب (١٥٢٠٣).","vol":"15","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3269>بابُ ما يَكونُ إكراهًا</span>\n\n١٥٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ وأبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن على بنِ حَنظَلَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: لَيسَ الرَّجُلُ بأَمينٍ على نَفسِه إذا جوِّعَت أو أوثِقَت أو ضرِبَت (^١).\n\n١٥٢٠٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن شُرَيحِ قال: الحَبْسُ كَرْهٌ، والضَّربُ كَرْهٌ، والقَيدُ كَرْهٌ، والوَعيدُ كَرْهٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3270>بابٌ: لا يَجوزُ طَلاقُ الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ، ولا طَلاقُ المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٥٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن عليٍّ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٢٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٧٦٩) من طريق الشيبانى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٢٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٧٦٨) من طريق المسعودى به.","vol":"15","page":320},{"text":"النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يَعقِلَ\" (^١).\nورُوِّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^٢). واحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ بحَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- في الإجازَةِ في القِتالِ وقَد مَضى (^٣).\n\n١٥٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كُلُّ الطَّلاقِ جائزٌ إلَّا طَلاقَ المَعتوهِ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ والحَسَنِ وإِبراهيمَ أنَّهُم قالوا: لا يَجوزُ طَلاقُ الصَّبِىِّ ولا عِتقُه حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ (^٥).\nورُوِّينا عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ وإِبراهيمَ وأَبِى قِلابَةَ وغَيرِهِم، أنَّهُم كانوا لا يُجيزونَ طَلاقَ المُبَرسَمِ (^٦). وعن الشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ في الَّذِى يُطَلِّقُ ويُعتِقُ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥١٥٤). وتقدم في (١١٤٢٠). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٥٢: هو منقطع.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٣٨٠، ٨٦٨٦، ١١٤٢٠). وسيأتى في (١٧٢٩٧).\n(^٣) الشافعى ٦/ ١٣٢. وتقدم في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤٠٧ - ١١٤١٢، ١٣١٣٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٦٩٦). وأخرجه سعيد بن مصور (١١١٥) عن أبى معاوية به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٠٩٦، ١٨٠٩٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٢٤٤، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٤٦٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٣١٢ - ١٢٣١٤)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٧١٣، ١٧١٤، ١٧١٦)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٠٠، ١٨١٢٠، ١٨١٢٣، ١٨١٢٧، ١٨١٣١).\n(^٦) البرسام: بالكسر، علة يهذى فيها، وهو ورم حار يعرض للحجاب الذى بين الكبد والأمعاء ثم يتصل إلى الدماغ. التاج ٣١/ ٢٧٥ (برسم).\nوينظر في هذه الآثار مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٩٣)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١١٩، ١١٢٥)،=","vol":"15","page":321},{"text":"المَنامِ قالا: لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3271>بابُ مَن قال: يَجوزُ طَلاقُ السَّكرانِ وعِتقُهُ</span>\n\n١٥٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كُلُّ الطَّلاقِ جائزٌ إلَّا طَلاقَ المَعتوهِ. قال يَعقوبُ: وقالَ قَبيصَةُ: عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، يَعنى عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- بذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ سُئلا عن طَلاقِ السَّكرانِ فقالا: إذا طَلَّقَ السَّكرانُ جازَ طَلاقُه، وإِن قَتَلَ قُتِلَ. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ الأمرُ عِندَنا (^٣).\n_________\n= ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٣٧ - ١٨١٤٠).\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٤٢٥).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٨٧. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٢٤٥ من طريق أبى نعيم به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٤١٥) عن سفيان بالإسناد الأول. وسعيد بن منصور (١١١٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن ابن عابس به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٨٨، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٣/ ٢٩، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٥٢). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٠٣)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١٠٧).","vol":"15","page":322},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه قال: طَلاقُ السَّكرانِ وعِتقُه جائزٌ (^١).\nوعن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ قال: السَّكرانُ يَجوزُ طَلاقُه وعِتقُه، ولا يَجوزُ شِراؤُه ولا بَيعُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3272>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَجوزُ طَلاقُ السَّكرانِ ولا عِتقُهُ</span>\n\n١٥٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ برَجُلٍ سَكرانَ فقالَ: إنِّى طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى وأَنا سَكرانُ. فكانَ رأىُ عُمَرَ معنا أن يَجلِدَه وأَن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَهُما، فحَدَّثَه أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ، أنَّ عثمانَ -﵁- قال: لَيسَ لِلمَجنونِ ولا لِلسَّكرانِ طَلاقٌ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: كَيفَ تأمُرونِى وهَذا يُحَدِّثُنِى عن عثمانَ -﵁-؟ فجَلَدَه ورَدَّ إلَيه امرأتَه. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ فقالَ: قرأَ عَلَينا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَروانَ كِتابَ مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ فيه السُّنَنُ: أنَّ كُلَّ أحَدٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه جائزٌ إلَّا المَجنونَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه قال: كَيفَ يَجوزُ طَلاقُه ولا تُقبَلُ له\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٠٢)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١٠٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٤٢، ١٨١٤٩).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٩٧)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١١٠٠، ١١٠١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٤٤، ١٨١٤٥، ٢٢٠١٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٠٠). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١١٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٥٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٢٤٣ من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"15","page":323},{"text":"صَلاةٌ؟! (^١)\nوعن عَطاءٍ في طَلاقِ السَّكرانِ قال: لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٢). وعن أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ مِثلَه (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الإقرارِ حَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه في قِصَّةِ ماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ حَيثُ قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: مِنَ الزِّنى. قال: النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أبِه جُنونٌ؟ \". فأُخبِرَ أن لَيسَ بمَجنونٍ، فقالَ: \"أشَرِبتَ خَمرًا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فاستَنكَهَه (^٤) فلَم يَجِدْ مِنه ريحَ خَمرٍ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأَمَرَ به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فرُجِمَ (^٥). فبَيِّنٌ في هَذا أنَّه قَصدَ إسقاطَ إقرارِه بالسُّكرِ، كما قَصدَ إسقاطَ إقرارِه بالجُنونِ، فدَلَّ أن لا حُكمَ لِقَولِه، ومَن قال بالأوَّلِ أجابَ عنه بأَنَ ذَلِكَ كان في حُدودِ اللهِ تَعالَى التى تُدرأُ بالشُّبُهاتِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3273>بابُ طَلاقِ العَبدِ بغَيِر إذنِ سَيِّدِه</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]. وقالَ في المُطَلَّقاتِ واحِدَةً: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨].\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٠٦، ١٢٣٠٩)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٥٩، ١٨١٦٢).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨١٥٩، ١٨١٦١).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٠٨).\n(^٤) أي: شَمَّ ريح فمه. التاج ٣٦/ ٥٣٠ (ن ك هـ).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١٥٥٩).","vol":"15","page":324},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وكان العَبدُ مِمَّن عَلَيه حَرامٌ ولَه حَلالٌ، فحِرْمُه (^١) بالطَّلاقِ، ولَم يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ مِمَّن حَلَّت له امرأتُه، فيَكونَ له تَحريمُها (^٢).\n\n١٥٢١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان يقولُ: مَن أذِنَ لِعَبدِه أن يَنكِحَ فالطَّلاقُ بَيدِ العَبدِ، لَيسَ بِيَدِ غَيرِه مِن طَلاقِه شَئٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنادِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ نُفَيعًا -مُكاتبًا لأُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أو عبدًا- كانَت تَحتَه امرأةٌ حُرَّةٌ فطَلَّقَها اثنَتَينِ، ثُمَّ أرادَ أن يُراجِعَها، فأَمَرَه أزواجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أن يأتِىَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفانَ -﵁- يَسأَلُه عن ذَلِكَ، فذَهَبَ إلَيه فلَقيَه عِندَ الدَّرَجِ آخِذًا بِيَدِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فسألَهُما فابتَدَراه جَميعًا فقالا: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ، حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ (^٤). وقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ (^٥).\n\n١٥٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) الحِرْم بالكسر: الحرام. التاج ٣١/ ٤٥٢ (ح رم). وهو في الأم \"فحَرامُه\".\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٠١)، والمعرفة (٤٤٨٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٧، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٥، وعنه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٦٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٨، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٤، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٤٦٣.\n(^٥) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٥٤: لم يصح.","vol":"15","page":325},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الحِجازِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدَّثنى أبو الحَجّاجِ المَهرِىُّ، عن موسَى ابنِ أيّوبَ الغافِقِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَشكو أنَّ مَولاه زَوَّجَه وهو يُريدُ أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يُزَوِّجونَ عَبيدَهُم إماءَهُم، ثُمَّ يُريدونَ أن يُفَرِّقوا بَينَهُم؟! ألا إنَّما يَملِكُ الطَّلاقَ مَن يأخُذُ بالسّاقِ\" (^١).\nخالَفَه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ فرَواه عن موسَى بنِ أيّوبَ مُرسَلًا كما:\n\n١٥٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ مَملوكًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه، فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما يَملِكُ الطَّلاقَ مَن أخَذَ بالسّاقِ\". لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا وفيه ضَعفٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٨١) من طريق موسى الغافقى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٥٤: أبو الحجاج هو رشدين واهٍ، وأبو عتبة أحمد بن الفرج ليس بعمدة.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ١٧٩ (٤٧٣)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٤٠، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧ من حديث عصمة بن مالك به.","vol":"15","page":326},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3274>بابٌ: الاستِثناءُ في الطَّلاقِ والعِتقِ والنُّذورِ كَهو في الأيمانِ لا يُخالِفُها</span>\n\n١٥٢١٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الفَرّاءُ والحَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ وقَطَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالوا: أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الوَليدِ، قال: حَدَّثَنا سُفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فقَدِ استَثنَى\" (^١).\n\n١٥٢١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فهو بالخيارِ، إن شاءَ فعَلَ وِإن شاءَ لَم يَفعلْ\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ -﵁- مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٥٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، قال أبو أحمدَ: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ شبيبٍ (^٣) قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٠١٥) من طريق الحسين بن الوليد به. وسيأتى في (١٩٩٤١، ١٩٩٤٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٩٤) من طريق حماد به. وينظر ما سيأتي في (١٩٩٤٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"شعيب\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٣٢٨.","vol":"15","page":327},{"text":"حُمَيدِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ -﵁- قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مُعاذُ، ما خَلَقَ اللهُ شَيئًا على وجهِ الأرضِ أبغَضَ إلَيه مِنَ الطَّلاقِ، وما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ شَيئًا على وجهِ الأرضِ أحَبَّ إلَيه مِنَ العَتاقِ، فإِذا قال الرَّجُلُ لِمَملوكِه: أنتَ حُرٌّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ. فهو حُرٌّ ولا استِثناءَ له، وإذا قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إن شاءَ اللهُ. فلَه استثناؤُه ولا طَلاقَ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٥٢٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَولَةَ مَيمونُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُصَفَّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ ابنُ حَفصٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ مالكٍ اللَّخمِي، حَدَّثَنِي مَكحول، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ -﵁- قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن رَجُلٍ قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ. قال: \"له استِثناؤُه\". قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وإن قال لِغُلامِه: أنتَ حُرٌّ إن شاءَ اللهُ. فقالَ: \"يَعتِقُ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ يَشاءُ العِتقَ ولا يَشاءُ الطَّلاقَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ عليٍّ الدُّولابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ ابنُ الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَياشٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ مالكٍ النَّخَعِيِّ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ، قال حُمَيدٌ: قال لِى يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ: وأَيُّ حَديثٍ لَو كان حُمَيدُ بنُ مالكٍ اللَّخمِيُّ مَعروفًا؟ قُلتُ: هو جَدُّ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٩٤، ٦٩٥. وأخرجه محمد الرزاق (١١٣٣١) عن إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٩٥. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٥٥: وضعفه أبو زرعة.","vol":"15","page":328},{"text":"أبى. قال يَزيدُ: سَرَرتَنِي، الآنَ صارَ حَديثًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: لَيسَ فيه كَبيرُ سُرورٍ، فحُمَيدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ مالكٍ الكوفِيُّ الخَزَّازُ ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا، نَسَبَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وغَيرُه إلَى الكَذِبِ (^٢)، وحُمَيدُ بنُ مالكٍ مَجهولٌ (^٣)، ومَكحولٌ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد قيلَ: عن حُمَيدٍ عن مَكحولٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ عن مُعاذٍ (^٤). وقيلَ: عنه عن مَكحولٍ عن مالكِ بنِ يُخامِرَ عن مُعاذٍ (^٥). ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوىَ في مُقابَلَتِه حَديثٌ ضعيفٌ لا يَجوزُ الاحتِجاجُ بمِثلِه:\n\n١٥٢٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الغافِقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ مَعبَدِ بنِ نوحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ مَعبَدِ بنِ شَدّادٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ أبى يَحيَي، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رَوَّادٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قال لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ. أو غُلامِه: أنتَ حُرٌّ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ. أو: عَلَيه المَشىُ إلَى بَيتِ اللَّهِ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ. فلا شَئَ عَلَيه\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٥. وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٩٥ من طريق حميد بن الربيع به.\n(^٢) تاريخ يحيى بن معين (٥٧٦ - رواية ابن محرز).\n(^٣) هو حميد بن مالك اللخمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء للعقيلى ١/ ٢٦٧، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٢٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٤٠، والكامل في الضعفاء ٢/ ٦٩٥.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٩٩٤٩). وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٥٥: وهو أيضًا منقطع.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٥ من طريق مكحول به.\n(^٦) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٣٣٢.","vol":"15","page":329},{"text":"قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا الحَديثُ بإِسنادِه مُنكَرٌ لَيسَ يَرويه إلَّا إسحاقُ الكَعبِيُّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوىَ عن الجارودِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَرفوعًا في الطَّلاقِ وحدَه (^٢)، وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ، وفِى حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللهِ التَوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3275>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَوريثِ المَبتوتَةِ في مَرَضِ المَوتِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَولُ كَثيرٍ مِن أهلِ الفُتيا: إنَّها تَرِثُه في العِدَّةِ، وقَولُ بَعضِ أصحابِنا: إنَّها تَرِثُه وإن مَضَتِ العِدَّةُ -قالَ بَعضُهُم: وإِن نَكَحَت زَوجًا غَيرَه، وقالَ غَيرُه: تَرِثُه ما امتَنَعَت مِنَ الأزواجِ- وفِي قَولِ بَعضِهِم: لا تَرِثُ مبتوتةٌ، وهَذا مِمَّا أستَخيرُ اللهَ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى رَوَّادٍ ومُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ المَرأَةَ فيَبِتُها، ثُمَّ يَموتُ وهِىَ في عِدَّتِها، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ: طَلَّقَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- تُماضرَ بنتَ الأصبَغِ الكَلبيَّةَ فبَتَّها، ثُمَّ ماتَ وهِىَ في عِدَّتِها، فوَرَّثَها عثمانُ -﵁-. قال ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٣٣٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٩٥، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٥/ ١٦٤ من طريق بهز بن حكيم به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٢٢٥. وقال الربغ عقبه: وقد استخار الله تعالي، فقال: لا ترث المبتوتة، طلقها مريضًا أو صحيحًا.","vol":"15","page":330},{"text":"وأَمّا أنا فلا أرَى أن تَرِثَ مَبتوتَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن رَجُلٍ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه في مَرَضِه فيَبِتّها، قال: أمّا عثمانُ -﵁- فوَرَّثَها، وأَمّا أنا فلا أرَى أن أوَرِّثَها ببَينونَتِه إيّاها (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَرتا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: وكانَ أعلَمَهُم بذَلِكَ، وعن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ -﵁- طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ وهو مَريضٌ، فوَرَّثَها عثمانُ -﵁- مِنه بَعدَ انقِضاءِ عِدَّتِها (^٣).\nأخبرَنَا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: حَديثُ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ مُوتَصِلٌ وهو يقولُ: ورَّثَها عثمانُ -﵁- في العِدَّةِ. وحَديثُ ابنِ شِهابٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٩٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٥٦)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٤ من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٠٣).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤١٨، ٤٤٨٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧١، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٣/ ٣٨.","vol":"15","page":331},{"text":"مَقطوعٌ (^١). وقالَ في الإملاءِ: ورَّثَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ -﵁- امرأةَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ عَوفٍ وقَد طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا بَعدَ انقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ. قال: وهو فيما يُخَيَّلُ إلَىَّ أثبَتُ الحديثَينِ.\nقال الشيخُ: والَّذِى يُؤَكِّدُ رِوايَةَ ابنِ شِهابٍ عن طَلحَةَ وأَبِى سلمةَ ما:\n\n١٥٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أصبَغُ بنُ فرَجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ يُكَلِّمُ الوَليدَ بنَ عبدِ المَلِكِ على عَشائِه ونَحنُ بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ فقالَ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ أبانَ بنَ عثمانَ نَكَحَ ابنَةَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عثمانَ ضِرارًا لابنَةِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ حينَ أبَت أن تَبيعَه ميراثَها مِنه في وجَعِه حينَ أصابَه الفالِجُ، ثُمَّ لَم يَنتَهِ إلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى طَلَّقَ أُمّ كُلثومٍ فحَلَّت في وجَعِه، وهَذا السَّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ أُختِ نَمِرٍ حَيٌّ يَشهَدُ على قَضاءِ عثمانَ -﵁- في تُماضِرَ بنتِ الأصبَغِ؛ ورَّثَها مِن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ -﵁- بَعدَ ما حَلّت، ويَشهَدُ على قَضاءِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ -﵁- في أُمِّ حَكيمٍ بنتِ قارِظٍ؛ ورَّثَها مِن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُكمِلٍ بَعدَ ما حَلَّت، فادعُه فسَلْه عن شَهادَتِهِ. فقال الوَليدُ حينَ قَضَى كَلامَه: ما أظُنُّ عثمانَ -﵁- قَضَى بها. قال مُعاويَةُ: إن لَم يَشهَدْ على ذَلِكَ السَّائبُ فأَنا مُبطِلٌ، حَضَرَه وعايَنَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٣٦٠، ٣٦١.","vol":"15","page":332},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: هَذا إسناد مُوتَصِلٌ، وتابَعَه ابنُ أخِى ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عمِّهِ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رَبيعَةَ بنَ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ امرأةَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ سألَته أن يُطَلِّقَها فقالَ لَها: إذا حِضتِ ثُمَّ طَهَرتِ فآذِنينِى. فلَم تَحِضْ حَتَّى مَرِضَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ عَوفٍ -﵁-، فلَمّا طَهَرَت آذَنَته، فطَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ أو تَطليقَةً لَم يَكُنْ بَقِىَ له عَلَيها مِنَ الطَّلاقِ غَيرُها، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَومَئذٍ مَريضٌ، فوَرَّثَها عثمانُ -﵁- مِنه بَعدَ انقِضاءِ عِدَّتِها (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: والَّذِى أختارُه إن ورِثَت بَعدَ مُضِىِّ (^٣) العِدَّةِ أن تَرِثَ ما لَم تَزَوَّجْ، فإِذا تَزَوَّجَت فلا تَرِثُه، فتَرِثُ زَوجَينِ، وتَكونُ كالتّارِكَةِ لِحَقِّها بالتَّزويجِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، حَدَّثَنِي شَيخٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٩/ ٢٤٧ هن طريق ابن أخى ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (١٢/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٢.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"انقضاء\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢٢٥.","vol":"15","page":333},{"text":"كَعبٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال في الَّذِى يُطَلِّقُ وهو مَريضٌ: لا نَزالُ نوَرِّثُها حَتَّى يَبرأَ أو تَزَوَّجَ وإن مَكَثَ سنةً (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقالَ غَيرُهُم: تَرِثُه ما لَم تَنقَضِ العِدَّةُ، ورَواه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- بإِسنادٍ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه عِندَ أهلِ الحديثِ (^٢).\nيَعنِى ما:\n\n١٥٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال في الَّذِى طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهو مَريضٌ قال: تَرِثُه في العِدَّةِ ولا يَرِثُها (^٣). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ولَم يَسمَعْه مُغيرَةُ مِن إبراهيمَ، إنَّما قال: ذَكَرَ عُبَيدَةُ عن إبراهيمَ عن عُمَرَ (^٤). وعُبَيدَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، ولَم يَرفَعْه عُبَيدَةُ إلَى عُمَرَ في رِوايَةِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عنه، إنَّما ذَكَرَه عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ عن شُرَيحٍ لَيسَ فيه عُمَرُ -﵁- (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٥٥) من طريق سفيان به. وفيه بلفظ: ما لَمْ يبرأ أو يموت.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ١٦١.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٩٦٠) من طريق مغيرة عن إبراهيم بلفظ: كتب عمر إلى شريح.\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٩) من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٧٥٥).\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٩) من طريق يحيى به، وفيه: إبراهيم عن الشعبى. وسعيد بن منصور (١٩٦٤، ١٩٦٥) من طريق إبراهيم والشعبى من قولهما. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٥٩) من طريق مغيرة به، وليس عنده الشعبى.","vol":"15","page":334},{"text":"١٥٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ قال: قال الرَّبيعُ: قَدِ استَخارَ اللَّهَ فيه. يَعنِى الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ فقالَ: لا تَرِثُ المَبتوتَةُ. قال الرَّبيعُ: وهو قَولُ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- طَلَّقَها على أنَّها لا تَرِثُه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ عِندَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3276>بابُ الشَّكِّ في الطَّلاقِ، ومَن قال: لا تَحرُمُ إلَّا بيَقيِن تَحريمٍ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٥٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنى أبو يَعلَي، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ وعَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عَمِّه [عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ] (^٢): شُكِىَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- الرَّجُلُ يُخَيَّلُ إلَيه أنَّه يَجِدُ الشَّئَ في الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"لا يَنصَرِفُ حَتَّى يَسمَعَ صَوتًا أو يَجِدَ ريحًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٠)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢٥٤، ٧/ ٦٤، دون ذكر عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٨٠٧١) دون ذكر سعيد. وقد تقدم في (٥٦٠، ٧٦٤، ٣٤٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٣٧)، ومسلم (٣٦١/ ٩٨).","vol":"15","page":335},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- في رَجُلٍ له أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ، فطَلَّقَ إحداهُنَّ ولَم يَدرِ أيَّتَهُنَ طَلَّقَ، فقالَ: يَنالُهُنَّ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ ما يَنالُهُنَّ مِنَ الميراثِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. قَولُه: يَنالُهُنَّ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ ما يَنالُهُنَّ مِنَ الميراثِ. يقولُ: لَو ماتَ الرَّجُلُ وقَد طَلَّقَ واحِدَةً لا يَدرِى أيَّتَهُنَّ هِىَ، فإِنَّ الميراثَ يَكونُ بَينَهُنَّ جَميعًا -يَعنِى مَوقوفًا- حَتَّى تُعرَفَ بعَينِها، كَذَلِكَ إذا طَلَّقَها ولا (^١) يَعلَمُ أيَّتَهُنَّ هِىَ، فإِنَّه يَعتَزِلُهُنَّ جَميعًا إذا كان الطَلاقُ ثَلاثًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3277>بابُ ما يَهدِمُ الزَّوجُ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ وما لا يَهدِمُ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَهدِمُ الزَّوجُ المُصيبُها بَعدُ الثَّلاثَ، ولا يَهدِمُ الواحِدَةَ ولا الثِّنتَينِ (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ بما:\n\n١٥٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن حُمَيدٍ هو ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعُبَيدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، والمهذب: \"لم\".\n(^٢) أبو عيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٣٣، ٢٣٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١١٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٨٣) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٢٥٠.","vol":"15","page":336},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سألتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ البحرَينِ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً أو اثنَتَينِ فنَكَحَت زَوجًا، ثُمَّ ماتَ عَنها أو طَلَّقَها، فرَجَعَت إلَى الزَّوجِ الأوَّلِ، على كَم هِىَ عِندَهُ؟ قال: هِىَ عِندَه على ما بَقِىَ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهرِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ انقَضت عِدَّتُها فتَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ غَيرُه. قال الحُمَيدِىُّ: وكانَ سفيانُ قيلَ له: فيهِم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيِّبِ؟ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهرِيُّ هَكَذا لَم يَزِدْنا على هَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثَةِ. فلَمّا فرَغَ مِنه قال: لا أحفَظُ فيه عن الزُّهرِيِّ سعيدًا، ولَكِن يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَناه عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ نَحوَ ذَلِكَ، وكانَ حَسبُكَ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ هَجَرَ يُقالُ له: مَزيدَةُ. عن أبيه، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: هِىَ عِندَه على ما بَقِىَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) سعدان بن نصر في جزئه (١٠٨)، ومن طريقه المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٠٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٥٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٥٢٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧٠) عن سفيان به، وعند سعيد: وانقضت عدتها.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٢٥. وأخرجه الشافعي ٥/ ٢٥٠ عن سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":337},{"text":"طَلاقِها. قال سعيدٌ: وكانَ قَتادَةُ يأخُذُ بهَذا القَولِ. يَعنِى في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ تَطليقَةً أو تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ تتزوَّجُ ثُمَّ يُراجِعُها (^١).\n\n١٥٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ، عن مَزيدَةَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: هِىَ على ما بَقِىَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن أُبَي بنِ كَعبٍ -﵁- قال: هِى على ما بَقِىَ مِنَ الطَلاقِ. يَعنى في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه فتَبينُ مِنه، فتَزَوَّجُ زَوجًا فيُطَلِّقُها، فيَتَزَوَّجُها الأَوَّلُ قال: هِىَ على ما بَقِىَ مِن طَلاقِها (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدٌ الحَذَّاءُ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: هِىَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٥٤) من طريق الحكم به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٥٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧٤) من طريق مزيدة به. وليس عندهم قول سعيد عن قتادة.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧١٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧٥)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢١١ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٥٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧١، ١٨٥٧٦) من طريق الحكم به، وليس عندهما ذكر مجاهد.","vol":"15","page":338},{"text":"على ما بَقِىَ مِنَ الطَلاقِ (^١).\nورُوىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٥٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن وبَرَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً أو تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ (^٢)، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها هو بَعدُ، قال: تَكونُ على طَلاقٍ مُستَقبَلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ المِهرَجانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أُمَيَّهُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ ابنُ القاسِمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُها رَجُل آخَرَ فيُطَلِّقُها أو يَموتُ عَنها، فيَتَزَوَّجُها زَوجُها الأوَّلُ، قال: فتَكونُ على طَلاقٍ جَديدٍ ثَلاثٍ (^٤).\nورُوىَ عن عليٍّ -﵁-:\n\n١٥٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٥٨) عن سفيان به. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٥٦، ١١١٥٧)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (١٥٣٠، ١٥٣١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧٢).\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"آخر\".\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١١٦٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٥٧٩، ١٨٥٨٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٦٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٥٣٣) من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"15","page":339},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَويُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَي، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً أو تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجُ فيُطَلِّقُها زَوجُها، قال: إنْ رَجَعَت إلَيه بَعدَ ما تَزَوَّجَتِ ائتَنَفَ الطَّلاقَ، وإِن تَزَوَّجَها في عِدَّتِها كانَت عِندَه على ما بَقِىَ (^١).\nالروَايَةُ الأولَى عن عليٍّ -﵁- أصحُّ، ورِواياتُ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ ضعيفَةٌ عِندَ أهلِ الحديثِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3278>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يقولُ لامرأتِه: يا أُختِى. يُريدُ الأُخوَّةَ في الإسلامِ</span>\n\n١٥٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَم يَكذِبْ إبراهيمُ قَطُّ إلَّا ثَلاثَ كَذَباتٍ؛ ثِنتَينِ في ذاتِ اللَّهِ؛ قَولُه: ﴿إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ﴾ [الصافات: ٨٩]. وقَولُه: ﴿قَالَ بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَذَا﴾ [الأنبياء: ٦٣]. وواحِدَة في شأنِ سارَةَ؛ فإِنَّه قَدِمَ أرضَ جَبّارٍ ومَعَه سارَةُ وكانَت أحسَنَ النَّاسِ، فقالَ لَها: إنَّ هَذا الجَبَّارَ إن يَعلَمْ أنَّكِ امرأتِى يَغلِبْنى (^٢) عَلَيكِ، فإِن سألَكِ فأَخبِريه أنَّكِ أُختِي، فإنَّكِ أُختِى في الإسلامِ، فإِنِّى لا أعلَمُ في الأرضِ مُسلِمًا غَيرِى وغَيرَكِ. فلَمَّا دَخَلَ أرضَه رآها بَعضُ أهلِ الجَبَّارِ فأَتاه فقالَ: لَقَد دَخَلَ أرضَكَ امرأةٌ لا يَنَبَغِى أن تَكونَ إلَّا لَكَ. فأَرسَلَ إلَيها فأُتِىَ بها، وقامَ إبراهيمُ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (١٩٧٩).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م، والمهذب: \"يغلب\".","vol":"15","page":340},{"text":"الصلاةِ، فلَمّا دَخَلَت عَلَيه لَم يَتَمالَكْ أن بَسَطَ يَدَه إلَيها فقُبِضَت يَدُه قَبضَةً شديدَةً، فقالَ لَها: ادعِى اللَّهَ أن يُطلِقَ يَدِى ولا أضُرُّكِ. ففَعَلَت، فعادَ فقُبِضَت أشدَّ مِنَ القَبَضَةِ الأولَي، فقالَ لَها مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فعادَ فقُبِضَت أشدَّ مِنَ القَبضَتَينِ الأُولَيَينِ، فقالَ: ادعِى اللَّهَ أن يُطلِقَ يَدِى ولَكِ اللَّهَ ألا أضُرَّكِ. ففَعَلَت فأُطلِقَت يَدُه، دَعا (^١) الَّذِى جاءَ بها فقالَ له: إنَّكَ إنَّما أتَيتَنِى بشَيطانٍ ولَم تأتِنِى بإِنسانٍ، فأَخرِجْها مِن أرضِى وأَعطِها هاجَرَ. قال: فأَقبَلَت تَمشِي، فلَمّا رآها إبراهيمُ ﵇ انصرَفَ فقالَ لَها: مَهْيَمْ (^٢)؟ فقالَت: خَيرًا، كَفَّ اللهُ يَدَ الفاجِرِ وأَخدَمَ خادِمًا\". قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: فتِلكَ أُمُّكُم يا بَنِى ماءِ السَّماءِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ تَليدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ، كِلاهما عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: لَم يَكذِبْ إبراهيمُ ﵇ إلَّا ثَلاثَ كَذَباتٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ مَوقوفًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"وبَينَما هو في أرضِ جَبّارٍ مِنَ الجَبابِرَةِ ومَعَه سارَةُ إذْ قيلَ لِذَلِكَ المَلِكِ: إنَّ ههُنا رَجُلًا\n_________\n(^١) في المهذب: \"فدعا\".\n(^٢) مهيم: أى ما شأنك؟ وما خبرك؟ صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٥/ ١٢٥.\n(^٣) قال الخطابى: المراد ببنى ماء السماء العرب كلهم. نقله القاضى عياض، ثم قال: والأظهر عندى أن المراد بذلك الأنصار خاصة. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٧/ ٣٤٧.\nوالحديث عند المصنّف في الأسماء والصفات (٦١٦). وأخرجه اللالكائى في كرامات الأولياء (٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٣٥٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٧١/ ١٥٤).","vol":"15","page":341},{"text":"مَعَه امرأةٌ مِن أحسَنِ النّاسِ. فأَرسَلَ إلَى إبراهيمَ ﵇، فأَتاه فقالَ: ما هذه المَرأَةُ؟ قال: أُختِى. قال: اذهَبْ فأَرسِلْ بها إلَيَّ. فأَتاها فقالَ: إنَّه قَد سألَنِى عَنكِ فأَخبَرتُه أنَّكِ أُختِي، فلا تُكَذِّبينِى عِندَه، فإِنَّه لَيسَ في الأرضِ مسلمٌ غَيرِى وغَيرَكِ، وأَنتِ أُختِى في الإسلامِ. قال: فانطَلَقَت\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\nورَواه هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن محمدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3279>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِن ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٥٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو كامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ وخالِدٌ الطَحّانُ المَعنَي، كُلُّهُم عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِيِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال لامرأتِه: يا أُخَيَّةُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُختُكَ هِىَ؟ \". فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ ونَهَى عَنه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٥، ٣٦، ومن طريقه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٢١٠)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ١/ ٤٩ من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٧٤)، وأبو يعلى (٦٠٣٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٩/ ٥٦٨، وابن حبان (٥٧٣٧) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢١٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٩٥) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٨٢).","vol":"15","page":342},{"text":"ورَواه عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ عن خالِدٍ الحَذَّاءِ عن أبى تَميمَةَ عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يقولُ لامرأتِه: يا أُخَيَّةُ. فنَهاه (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ عن أبى عثمانَ عن أبى تَميمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-.\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن خالِدٍ عن رَجُلٍ عن أبى تَميمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"عن ذلك\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢١١) من طريق عبد السلام به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٨٣).\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٢٢١١).","vol":"15","page":343},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3280>كتابُ الرَّجْعَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. وقال: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِنْ كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨].\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا﴾: يُقالُ: إصلاحُ الطَّلاقِ بالرَّجعَةِ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا﴾. قال: يقولُ: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ تَطليقَةً أو اثنَتَينِ وهِىَ حامِلٌ فهو أحَقُّ برَجعَتِها ما لَم تَضَعْ، ولا يَحِلُّ لَها أن تَكتُمَ حَملَها، وهو قَولُه: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١١٠، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٩٠) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"15","page":345},{"text":"١٥٢٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ﴾: يَعنِى في العِدَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ اللَّبّادُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن أبى مالكٍ وأَبِى صالِحٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وعن مُرَّةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ، وعن ناسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ التَّفسيرَ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ﴾ قال: وهو الميقاتُ الَّذِى يَكونُ عَلَيها فيه الرَّجعَةُ، فإِذا طَلَّقَ واحِدَةً أو ثِنتَينِ؛ فإِمَّا يُمسِكَ ويُراجِعَ بمَعروفٍ، وإِمَّا يَسكُتُ عَنها حَتَّى تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها، فتَكونَ أحَقَّ بنَفسِها (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه، ثُمَّ يُراجِعُ قَبلَ أن تَنقَضِىَ العِدَّةُ، لَيسَ لِلطَلاقِ وقتٌ، حَتَّى طَلَّقَ رَجُل مِنَ الأنصارِ امرأتَه لِسوءِ عِشرَةٍ كانَت بَينَهُما، فقالَ: لأدَعَنَّكِ لا أيِّمًا ولا ذاتَ زَوجٍ. فجَعَلَ يُطَلِّقُها حَتَّى إذا دَنا\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٦. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١١٦ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٢٧، ١٣١، ١٣٢ من طريق أسباط عن السدى به.","vol":"15","page":346},{"text":"خُروجُها مِنَ العِدَّةِ راجَعَها، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ تعالى فيه كما أخبرَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ فوَقَّتَ لَهُمُ الطَلاقَ ثَلاثًا، راجَعَها في الواحِدَةِ وفِى الثِّنتَينِ، ولَيسَ له في الثّالِثَةِ رَجعَةٌ، فقالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ (^١).\nوحَديثُ رُكانَةَ في الرَّجعيَّةِ قَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في كِتابِ الطَّلاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ يَعنِى الشَّيبانِيَّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ، فسألَ عُمَرُ -﵁- رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً أُخرَي، ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها. قال: \"وتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التى أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن يُطَلَّقَ لَها النِّساءُ\". قال: فكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- إذا سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ يقولُ: أمَّا (^٣) أنتَ طَلَّقتَها واحِدةً أو اثنتَينِ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَه أن يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضةً\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧١٤). وتقدم في (١٥٠٥٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٠٩١، ١٥٠٩٢).\n(^٣) قال القاضى عياض: هذا لفظ مشكل. قيل معنى (أما أنت) بفتح الهمزة أى: إن كنت، فحذفوا الفعل الذى يلى (أن) وجعلوا (ما) عوضًا من الفعل وتحوا (أن) وأدغموا النون في (ما) وجاءوا بـ (أنت) مكان العلامة في (كنت). يدل عيه قوله بعدُ: وإن كنت طلقتها ثلاثًا فقد حرمت عليك. إكمال المعلم ٥/ ١٥، ١٦.","vol":"15","page":347},{"text":"أُخرَي، ثُمَّ يُمهِلَها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، وأمَّا أنتَ طَلَّقتَها ثَلاثًا فقَد عَصَيتَ اللهَ فيما أمَرَكَ به مِن طَلاقِ امرأتِكَ وبانَت مِنكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ المِصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ حَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وعَلِيُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ ابنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمَّا طَلَّقَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- حَفصَةَ أُمِرَ أن يُراجِعَها فراجَعَها (^٣). وفِى حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ حَسَّانَ قال: عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- طَلَّقَ حَفصَةَ فأمِرَ أن يُراجِعَها.\nبابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا﴾\n\n١٥٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: إذا شارَفنَ بُلوغَ أجَلِهِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٠٠)، والنسائي (٣٥٥٩) من طريق إسماعيل به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٠٢٨ - ١٥٠٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٨٤، والدارمى (٢٣١١)، وأبو\nيعلى (٣٨١٥)، والحارث (١٠٠٦ - بغية) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"15","page":348},{"text":"فراجِعوهُنَّ بمَعروفٍ أو دَعوهُنَّ تَنقَضى عِدَدُهُنَّ بمَعروفٍ. ونَهاهُم أن يُمسِكوهُنَّ ضِرارًا ليَعتَدوا، فلا يَحِلُّ إمساكُهُنَّ ضرارًا (^١).\n\n١٥٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحسينِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تعالى: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا﴾ قال: الضِّرارُ أن يُطِّلِّقَ الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ (^٢) تَطليقَةً ثُمَّ يُراجِعَها عِندَ آخِرِ يَومٍ يَبقَى مِنَ الأقراءِ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقَها ثُمَّ يُراجِعَها عِندَ آخِرِ يَومٍ يَبقَى مِنَ الأقراءِ يُضارُّها بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن زيادٍ الأعلَمِ، عن الحَسَنِ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا﴾. قال: هو الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه، فإِذا أرادَت أن تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها أشهَدَ على رَجعَتِها، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها فإِذا أرادَت أن تَنقَضىَ عِدَّتُها أشهَدَ على رَجعَتِها؛ يُريدُ أن يُطَوِّلَ عَلَيها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٤)، والأم ٥/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"امرأة\".\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم (٢٢٤٦) من طريق ورقاء به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٨٠ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٩ من طريق آخر عن الحسن.","vol":"15","page":349},{"text":"ورُوِّينَا عن مَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ مَعنَى هَذا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3281>بابُ ما جاءَ في عَدَدِ طَلاقِ العَبدِ، ومَن قال: الطَّلاقُ بالرِّجالِ والعِدَّةُ بالنِّساءِ. ومَن قال: هُما جَميعًا بالنِّساءِ</span>\n\n١٥٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يَنكِحُ العَبدُ امرأتَينِ ويُطَلِّقُ تَطليقَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالك، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ نُفَيعًا -مُكاتَبًا كان لأُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أو عبدًا- كانَت تَحتَه امرأةٌ حُرَّةٌ فطَلَّقَها اثنَتَينِ، ثم أَرادَ أن يرتجعَها، فأَمرَه أزواجُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أن يأبي عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ -﵁- فيَسأَلَه عن ذَلِكَ، فذَهَبَ فلَقِيَه عِندَ الدَّرَجِ أَخِذًا بِيَدِ زَيدِ ابنِ ثابِتٍ، فسالَهُما فابتَدَراه جَميعًا فقالا: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ، حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٩، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢٢٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤٠١٠)، وسيأتى في (١٥٥٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٨، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٤. وتقدم في (١٥٢١٥).","vol":"15","page":350},{"text":"١٥٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ نُفَيعًا -مُكاتَبًا لأُمِّ سلمةَ- طَلَّقَ امرأةً حُرَّةً تَطليقَتَينِ، فاستَفتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- فقالَ: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالك، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، أنَّ نُفَيعًا -مُكاتبًا كان لأُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- استَفتَى زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- فقالَ: إنِّى طَلَّقتُ امرأةً حُرَّةً تَطليقَتَينِ. فقالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الرَّقِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بشرٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، أنَّ مُكاتَبًا كانَت تَحتَه حُرَّةٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٨، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (١٢/ ١٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٤، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٣٠٠٩).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٨٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٨، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٤.","vol":"15","page":351},{"text":"فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَتَينِ، فأَتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ وزيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵄- فسألَهُما عن ذَلِكَ، فابتَدَرَ كُلّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما يقولُ (^١): حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ، والطَّلاقُ بالرِّجالِ.\n\n١٥٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الرّازِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ قال: حَدَّثَنَا هِشام، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ قال: حَدَّثَنى نُفَيع أنَّه كان مَملوكًا و(^٢) عِندَه حُرَّة فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَتَينِ، فسالَ عثمانَ وزيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵄- فقالا: طَلاقُكَ طَلاقُ عبدٍ، وعِدَّتُها عِدَّةُ حُرَّةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٦١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحسنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عليٍّ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ مِن أصلِه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الغِطريفِ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحَوضِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى الخَليلِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- قال: الطَّلاقُ بالرجالِ والعِدَّةُ بالنِّساءِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وقال له\".\n(^٢) بعده في ص، ص ٨، م: \"كانت\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧١٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٤٣) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧١٥).","vol":"15","page":352},{"text":"نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: إذا طَلَّقَ العَبدُ امرأتَه اثنَتَينِ فقَد حَرُمَت عَلَيه حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه، حُرَّةً كانَت أو أمَةً، وعِدَّةُ الحُرَّةِ ثلاثُ حِيَضٍ، وعِدَّةُ الأمَةِ حَيضتانِ (^١). هكذا رَواه مالكٌ في \"الموطأ\".\n\n١٥٢٦٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ نمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- في الأمَةِ تكونُ تَحتَ الحُرِّ: تَبينُ بتَطليقَتَينِ وتَعتَدُّ حَيضَتَينِ، وإِذا كانَتِ الحُرَّةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ بانَت بتَطليقَتَينِ وتَعتَدُّ ثَلاثَ حيَضٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سالِمٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣)، فمَذهَبُه في ذَلِكَ أنَّ أيَّهُما رَقَّ نَقَصَ الطَّلاقُ برِقِّه، هَذا هو مَذهَبُ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- في ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٥٢٦٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٥٧، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٤، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦٢، والنحاس في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ٢١٣. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٨ من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٥٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٤٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وأبو الجهم في جزئه (٣٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٨ من طريق سالم به.","vol":"15","page":353},{"text":"بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ شَبيبٍ المُسْلِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَي، عن عَطيَّةَ العَوفِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"طَلاقُ الأمَةِ ثِنتانِ، وعِدَّتُها حَيضَتانِ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ شَبيبٍ المُسلِيُّ هَكَذا مَرفوعًا وكانَ ضَعيفًا، والصَّحيحُ ما رَواه سالِمٌ ونافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوقوفًا على ما مَضَى.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدَّارَقُطنيُّ الحافظُ: حَديثُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عيسَى عن عَطيَّةَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُنكَرٌ غَيرُ ثابِتٍ مِن وجهَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما: أنَّ عَطيَّةَ ضعيفٌ وسالِمٌ ونافِع أثبَتُ مِنه وأَصَحُّ رِوايَةً. والوَجهُ الآخَرُ: أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ شَبيبٍ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِه (^٢)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدَّوريِّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: عُمَرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٩٨)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٨ من طريق سعدان به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٧٩)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٩١، والإسماعيلى في معجمه (١٣٩) من طريق عمر بن شبيب به. قال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٦٤: وعطية واه.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٩١.\nوتقدم الكلام على عطية في (٢٨٠٢). وعمر بن شبيب المسلى هو أبو حفص المذحجى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١١٥، والمجروحين ٢/ ٩٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٩٠، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٤٢٨. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٥٧: ضعيف.","vol":"15","page":354},{"text":"ابنُ شَبيبٍ لَم يَكُنْ بشَئٍ، وقَد رأيتُه (^١).\n\n١٥٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ المُقَوِّمُ، حَدَّثَنَا صُغدِىُّ بنُ سِنانٍ، عن مُظاهِرِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"طَلاقُ العَبدِ اثنَتانِ، ولا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه، وقَرْءُ الأَمَةِ حَيضَتانِ، وتَتَزَوَّجُ الحُرَّةُ على الأمَةِ، ولا تَزَوَّجُ الأمَةُ على الحُرَّةِ\" (^٢). كَذا قال: \"طَلاقُ العَبدِ اثنَتانِ\".\n\n١٥٢٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن مُظاهِرِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُطَلِّقُ الأمَةُ تَطَلِيقَتينِ وقَرؤُها حَيضَتانِ\". قال أبو عاصِمٍ: أخبَرَنيه مُظاهِرُ بنُ أسلَمَ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: مُظاهِرُ بنُ أسلَمَ عن القاسِمِ عن عائشةَ ضَعَّفَه أبو عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٤٠٥ (١٩٧٠).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٨٩)، والترمذى (١١٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٠) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٧٥)، وسيأتى في (١٥٥٤٢).\n(^٤) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٤٤١. وينظر التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٨/ ٧٣.","vol":"15","page":355},{"text":"١٥٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ قال: سُئلَ القاسِمُ عن عِدَّةِ الأمَةِ فقالَ: النَّاسُ يَقولونَ: حَيضتانِ. وإنَّا لا نَعلَمُ ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ولا في سُنَّةِ نَبيِّه -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٥٢٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ قال: سُئلَ القاسِمُ عن الأمَةِ كَم تُطَلِّقُ؟ قال: طَلاقُها اثنَتانِ وعِدَّتُها حَيضَتانِ. قال: فقيلَ له: أبَلَغَكَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في هَذا؟ قال: لا (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِى الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا السَّاجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بُندارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: السُنَّةُ بالنِّساءِ في الطَّلاقِ والعِدَّةِ (^٣). أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ غَيرُ قَوىٍّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٤٠، ومن طريقه المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥٠١). وأخرجه الخارى في التاريخ الصغير ٢/ ١١٩ من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٤٠.\n(^٣) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٣٦٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٣٣٩)، وأحمد في العلل (١٨٦٩)، والخطيب في الموضح ١/ ٤٧٨ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٣٢٦٧).","vol":"15","page":356},{"text":"١٥٢٧٠ - وقَد قيلَ: عن شُعبَةَ عن الأَعْمَشِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن مَسروقٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا [محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ] (^١) الجَوَاربيُّ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَزيدَ يوسُفُ بنُ يزيدَ بنِ كامِلٍ القَراطيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). ورُوىَ عنه بخِلافِهِ:\n\n١٥٢٧١ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: الطَّلاقُ بالرِّجالِ والعِدَّةُ بالنِّساءِ (^٤). هَكَذا وجَدتُه في أصلِ كِتابِه ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n١٥٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبّادٌ، عن رَوحِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: السُّنَةُ بالنِّساءِ في الطَّلاقِ والعِدَّةِ (^٥). هَكَذا قالَ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أحمد بن محمد\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الخوارزمى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ١٠٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٣٣٨) من طريق الأعمش عن عبد الله دون ذكر مجاهد ومسروق.\n(^٤) البغوي في الجعديات (٧١٨). وأخرجه الطبراني (٩٦٧٩) من طريق على بن الجعد. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٩٥٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٣٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٣٣) من طريق أشعث به. بلفظ الحديت السابق.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٣٦) من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس.","vol":"15","page":357},{"text":"١٥٢٧٣ - وقَد أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: الطَّلاقُ بالرِّجالِ والعِدَّةُ بالنِّساءِ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٧٤ - قال وحَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن على -﵁- قال: الطَّلاقُ -أُراه قال- بالرِّجالِ والعِدَّةُ بالنِّساءِ.\n\n١٥٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: الطَّلاقُ لِلرِّجالِ والعِدَّةُ لِلنِّساءِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا حَديثَ عِكرِمَةَ مَرَّةً عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ومَرَّةً عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا: \"إنَّما الطَّلاقُ لِمَن أخَذَ بالسَّاقِ\" (^٣). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ النَّحوىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عمرِو (^٤) بنِ مُعَتِّبٍ، أنَّ أبا حَسَنٍ مَولَى بَنِى نَوفَلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٤٢) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٩٥٠) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (١٢/ ١٤ ظ - مخطوط) وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٨٢. وأخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٢٩٥١)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٣٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٤٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٢١٦ - ١٥٢١٧).\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وهو في المصادر الآتية سوى ابن أبى شيبة: \"عُمَر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٠٨.","vol":"15","page":358},{"text":"أخبَرَه أنَّه استَفتَى ابنَ عباسٍ -﵁- في مَملوكٍ كانَت تَحتَه مَملُوكَةٌ فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَتَينِ فبانَت مِنه، ثُمَّ إنَّهُما أُعتِقا بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، هَل يَصلُحُ لِلرَّجُلِ أن يَخطُبَها؟ قال ابنُ عباسٍ: نَعَم، إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى بذَلِكَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه هِشامٌ عن يَحيَى عن عمرِو بنِ مُعَتِّبٍ (^٢). وقالَ بَعضُ الرُّواةِ: عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى عن عمرِو بنِ مُعَتِّبٍ (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ عن يَحيَى عن عُمَرَ (^٤).\nوذَكَرَ أبو داودَ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ أنَّ ابنَ المُبارَكِ قال لِمَعمَرٍ: مَن أبو الحَسَنِ هَذا؟ لَقَد تَحَمَّلَ صَخْرَةً عَظيمَةً (^٥). يُريدُ به إنكارَ ما جاءَ به مِن هَذا الحَديثِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٨٠) وعنده: عمرو بن مغيث، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٠٠٩)، والطبرانى (١٠٨١٣)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١١ من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وعندهم: عمر ابن معتب.\n(^٢) ذكره أحمد في العلل عقب (١٢٩٠)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٩٣ عن هشام به. وعند أحمد: عمر، وعند البخاري: عروة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣١)، وأبو داود (٢١٨٧)، والنسائي (٣٤٢٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٠، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٥ من طريق على بن المبارك به. وعندهم: عمر بن معتب.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٩٣، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٠٠٧)، والطبرانى (١٠٨١٥) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به، وعندهم: عمر بن معتب. وعند البخاري: أبو حنين. بدلًا من: أبو حسن:\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (٢١٨٨)، وأحمد عقب (٣٠٨٨). وأخرجه النسائى عقب (٣٤٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٢) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\nوالحديث أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٨٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٠٨٨)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٩٣، والنسائي (٣٤٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٢) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"15","page":359},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: قال [أحمدُ بنُ البراءِ قال: قال] (^١) عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ وسُئلَ عن عمرِو بنِ مُعَتِّبٍ الَّذِى رَوَى عنه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى الحَسَنِ حَديثَ ابنِ عباسٍ: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في مَملوكٍ كانَت تَحتَه أمَةٌ، فقال: مَجهولٌ، لَمْ يَرو عنه غيرُ يحيَى (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وعامَّةُ الفُقهاءِ على خِلافِ ما رَواه، ولَو كان ثابِتًا قُلنا به، إلَّا أنا لا نُثبِتُ حَديثا يَرويه مَن تُجهَلُ عَدالَتُه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nورُوىَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وجابِرٍ مِن قَولِهِما بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٥٢٧٧ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائبِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ في عبدٍ مَملوكٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَتَينِ ثُمَّ أُعتِقَت قال: لا يَتَزَوَّجُها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٧٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: إذا أُعتِقَت في عِدَّتِها فإِنَّه يَتَزَوَّجُها و[تكونُ عِندَه] (^٤) على واحِدَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ١٩٢ عن علي بن المدينى بلفظ: منكر الحديث.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٧٦).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"يكون عندها\".\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٨١) وعنده: عن أبى سلمة وجابر.","vol":"15","page":360},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3282>بابُ ائتِمانِ المَرأَةِ على فرجِها، وتَصديقِها مَتَى ادَّعَتَ انقِضاءَ عِدَّتِها في مُدَّةٍ يُمكِنُ في مِثلِها أن تَنقَضِىَ العِدَّةُ</span>\n\n١٥٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى الضُّحَي، عن مَسروقٍ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعب -﵁- قال: مِنَ الأمانَةِ اتِّمَانُ المَرأَةِ على فرجِها (^١).\n\n١٥٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]. قال: يَعنِى الحَبَلَ، يقولُ: لا تَقولَنَّ المَرأَةُ: لَستُ حُبْلَى. [وهى حُبْلَى] (^٢)، ولا تَقولَنَّ: إنِّى حُبلَى. ولَيسَتَ بحُبلَى (^٣).\nورَواه لَيثُ ابنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ: في الحَيضِ والحَبَلِ جَميعًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ١٢٥، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٥١٨، ١٩٥١٩)، والمروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٥١٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٩/ ٢٠٠، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٢٢ من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١٥٤٩٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٦. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٢٧) من طريق ورقاء به بذكر الحبل والحيض. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٨ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به، وعنده بذكر الحبل والحيض.\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٥٥٠٣).","vol":"15","page":361},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3283>بابٌ: الرَّجعيَّةُ مُحَرَّمَة عَلَيه تَحريمَ المَبتوتَةِ حَتَّى يُراجِعَها</span>\n\n١٥٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ في مَسكَنِ حَفصةَ -﵂- وكانت (^١) طَريقَه إلَى المَسجِدِ، فكانَ يَسلُكُ الطَريقَ الآخَرَ مِن أدبارِ البُيوتِ كَراهيَةَ أن يَستأذِنَ عَلَيها حَتَّى راجَعَها (^٢).\nورُوِّينَا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّهُما قالا: لا يَحِلُّ له مِنها شَئٌ ما لَم يُراجِعْها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3284>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُشهِدُ على رَجعَتِها ولَم تَعلَمْ بذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَزَوَّجَ زَوجًا آخَرَ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هِىَ زَوجَةُ الأوَّلِ، قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أنكَحَ الوَليّانِ فالأوَّلُ أحَقُّ\" (^٤). وقَد مَضَى هَذا الحَديثُ بأَسانيدِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"كان\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"يراجعها\".\nوالأثر عند المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥٠٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤١، ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٠، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤٢٤.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٢٤١، ٢٤٢، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٠٣٠).\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٦.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٣٩٠٨، ١٣٩٠٩، ١٣٩١٥ - ١٣٩٢٢) من حديث سمرة وعقبة بن عامر.","vol":"15","page":362},{"text":"قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ ابنِ مالكٍ الجَزَرِيَّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- في رجلٍ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه، ثُمَّ يُشهِدُ على رَجعَتِها ولَم تَعلَمْ بذَلِكَ، قال: هِىَ امرأةُ الأوَّلِ، دَخَلَ بها الآخَرُ أو لَم يَدخُلْ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3285>بابُ ما جاءَ في الإشهادِ على الرَّجعَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢].\n\n١٥٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: طَلَّقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁- امرأتَه صَفيَّةَ بنتَ أبى عُبَيدٍ تَطليقَةً أو تَطليقَتَينِ، فكانَ لا يَدخُلُ عَلَيها إلَّا بإِذنٍ، فلَمّا راجَعَها أشهَدَ على رَجعَتِها ودَخَلَ عَلَيها (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأسوَدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥٠٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٢٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٩٥٤، ١٩١٦٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٠٢٥) من طريق نافع به، وليس عنده ذكر الرجعة.","vol":"15","page":363},{"text":"ابنُ عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَماد، عن قَتادَةَ ويونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، وأَيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ -﵁- سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ولَم يُشهِدْ، وراجَعَ ولَم يُشهِدْ؟ قال عِمرانُ: طَلَّقَ في غَيرِ عِدَّةٍ وراجَعَ في غَيرِ سُنَّةٍ، فليُشهِدِ الآنَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3286>بابُ نِكَاحِ المُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاثًا</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ ﵎ في الطَّلقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٠]. فاحتَمَلَتِ الآيَةُ: حَتَّى يُجامِعَها زَوجٌ غَيرُه. ودَلَّت على ذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ، فكانَ أولَى المَعانِى بكِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ ما دَلَّت عَلَيه سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٨٥ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- سَمِعَها\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥٠٨)، وفيه: حماد عن أيوب. وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ١٤٢ (٣٠٠) من طريق حماد دون ذكر أيوب. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٥٥، ١٠٢٥٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٩٦٥) من طريق أيوب به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٢٣)، وابن المقرئ في معجمه (٥٩١) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٢٤٨.","vol":"15","page":364},{"text":"تَقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةُ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِىِّ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنِّى كُنتُ عِندَ رِفاعَةَ فطَلَّقَنى فبَتَّ طَلاقِي، فتَزَوَّجتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الزَّبيرِ، وإِنَّما مَعَه مِثلُ هُدبَةِ الثَّوبِ. فَتَبَسَّمَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"أتُريدينَ أن تَرجِعِى إلَى رِفَاعَةَ؟ لا، حَتَّى تَذوقِى عُسَيلَتَه ويَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَكِ\". قالَت: وأبو بكرٍ -﵁- عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وخالِدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ -﵁- بالبابِ يَنتَظِرُ أن يُؤذَنَ له، فنادَى: يا أبا بكرٍ، ألا تَسمَعُ ما تَجهَرُ به هذه عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟! لَفظُ حَديثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ امرأةَ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِىِّ جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه إلَى قَولِهِ: \"لا، حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَكِ وتَذوقِى عُسَيلَتَة\". لَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أنَّ رِفاعَهَ القُرَظِيَّ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه فبَتَّ طَلاقَها، فتَزَوَّجَت بَعدَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٢٦)، والمعرفة (٤٥١٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤٨، وعنه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٥٣٥). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣١٩) عن الربيع به. وتقدم في (١٥٠٥٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٣٩)، ومسلم (١٣٤٤/ ١١١).","vol":"15","page":365},{"text":"عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الزَّبيرِ، فجاءَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّها كانَت تَحتَ رِفاعَةَ، فطَلَّقَها آخِرَ ثَلاثِ تَطليقاتٍ، فتَزَوَّجَت بَعدَه عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الزَّبيرِ وإِنَّه واللهِ ما مَعَه إلَّا مِثلُ هذه الهُدبَةِ. وأَخَذَت بهُدبَةٍ مِن جِلبابِها. قال: فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ضاحِكًا وقالَ: \"لَعَلَّكِ تُريدينَ أن تَرجِعِى إِلَى رِفاعَةَ؟ لا، حَتَّى تَذوقِى عُسَيلَتَه ويَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَكِ\". قال: وأبو بكرٍ -﵁- جالِسٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وخالِدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ جالِسٌ ببابِ الحُجرَةِ لَم يُؤذَنْ له، فطَفِقَ خالِدٌ يُنادِى أبا بكرٍ -﵁-: ألا تَزجُرُ هذه عَمَّا تَجهَرُ به عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ\" (^١)؟ رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ علي، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ امرأةً مِن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ تَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ مِنهُم، فطَلَّقَها فتَزَوَّجَها آخَرُ، فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما مَعَه إلَّا مِثلُ هذه الهُدبَةِ. فقالَ: \"لا، حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَكِ وتَذوقِى عُسَيلَتَه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ عليٍّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ١/ ١٣، ١٤ عن أبى بكر أحمد بن الحسن به. وأبو عوانة (٤٣٢٠، ٤٥٤٧)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٥٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٠ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٣/ ١١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٠٥) عن يحيى به. ومسلم (١٤٣٣/ ١١٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣١٧).","vol":"15","page":366},{"text":"١٥٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها سُئلَت عن الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ المَرأَةَ فيُطَلِّقُها ثَلاثًا، فقالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَحِل لِلأوَّلِ حَتَّى يَذوقَ الآخِرُ عُسَيلَتَها وتَذوقَ مِن عُسَيلَتِهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٢٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امرأتَه فتَزَوَّجَت زَوجًا غَيرَه، فدَخَلَ بها ومَعَه مِثلُ الهُدبَةِ، فلَم يَصِلْ مِنها إلَى شَئٍ تُريدُه، فلَم يَلبَث أن طَلَّقَها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فسألَته عن ذَلِكَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ زَوجِى طَلَّقَنِي، وإنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ زَوجًا غَيرَه فدَخَلَ بى ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَه إلَّا مِثلُ الهُدبَةِ، فلَم يَقرَبْنِى إلَّا هَنَةً (^٣) واحِدَةً، لَم يَصِلْ مِنِّى إلَى شَئٍ، أفأحِلُّ لِزَوجِى الأوَّلِ؟ فَقَالَ: \"لا تَحِلّينَ لِزَوجِكِ الأوَّلِ حَتَّى يَذوقَ الآخِرُ عُسَيلَتَكِ وتَذوقينَ عُسَيلَتَه\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٠٩٨)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٥٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٣٣/ عقب ١١٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، ومسند أحمد: \"هبة\". والهنة: مرة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٥٩٢٠). وأخرجه إسحاق (٧١٨)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٥٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"15","page":367},{"text":"مُعاويَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ ومُحمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا، فتَزَوَّجَت زَوجًا فطَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها، فسُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أتَحِل لِلأوَّلِ؟ قال: \"لا، حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَها كما ذاقَ الأَوَّلُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشَّارٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا الأسوَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- مَرفوعًا ومَوقوفًا (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِيِّ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الزّبيرِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رِفاعَةَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَميمَةَ بنتَ وهبٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثَلاثًا، فنَكَحَها عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الزَّبيرِ، فاعتُرِضَ عَنها (^٥) فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يَمَسَّها،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٢٦٥)، ومسلم (١٤٣٣/ عقب ١١٤).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٤٢٧). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤١٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٢ عن محمد بن المثنى. وتقدم في (١٥٠٤٤، ١٥٠٦٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٦١)، ومسلم (١٤٣٣/ عقب ١١٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٩)، وأبو داود (٢٣٠٩)، والشافعي (٣٤٠٧)، وابن حبان (٤١٢٢) من طريق الأسود مرفوعًا، وعند أحمد مرفوعًا وموقوفًا.\n(^٥) اعتُرض عنها: أى: أصابته علة أضعفت ذكره عن الجماع، وقد كان يأتي النساء قبل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٧٥.","vol":"15","page":368},{"text":"فطَلَّقَها ولَم يَمَسَّها، فأَرادَ رِفاعَةُ أن يَنكِحَها وهو زَوجُها الَّذِى كان طَلَّقَها قَبلَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فنَهاه عن تَزويجِها وقالَ: \"لا تَحِلُّ لَكَ حَتّى تَذوقَ العُسَيلَةَ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٢٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ القُرَظِيِّ، عن الزُّبَيرِ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الزَّبيرِ، أنَّ رِفاعَةَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَميمَةَ (^٢) بنتَ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ ولَم يَقُلْ: عن أبيه. وقالَ: تَميمَةَ بنت وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن رَزينٍ الأحمَرِيِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٢٦٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٢٥٧) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تهيمة\". والمثبت كما في حاشيته.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥١١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤٨، ومالك ٢/ ٥٣١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤١٢١).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"فذكر الحديث بمعناه\".\nوالحديث عند مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٣/ ١٢ و، ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٣١.","vol":"15","page":369},{"text":"أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ رَزينٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ وهو على المِنبَرِ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا، فتَزَوَّجَها غَيرُه فأَغلَقَ البابَ وأَرخَى السِّترَ وكَشَفَ الخِمارَ ثُمَّ فارَقَها، قال: \"لا تَحِلُّ لِلأوَّلِ حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَها الآخِرُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ العَبدِىِّ. وكما قال العَبدِىُّ في إسنادِه قالَه أيضًا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ (^٢)، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ، فقَد رَواه وكيعٌ مَرَّة عن سُفيانَ فقالَ: عن عَلقَمَةَ عن رَزينٍ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الأحمَرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٢٩٤ - وخالَفَه شُعبَةُ في إسنادِه، فرَواه عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ عن سالِمِ ابنِ رَزينٍ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا خَلَفٌ ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا غُندَرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٢٧٧)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٣، والترمذى في العلل (٢٧١) من طريق ابن مهدى به. وعبد الرزاق (١١١٣٥) من طريق سفيان بالإسناد الثانى.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٧٧)، وفي العلل (١٧٥٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٤ من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٠٠)، ومن طريقه ابن أبى حاتم في العلل ٤/ ١٠٥، وأحمد (٤٧٧٦)، والنسائي (٣٤١٥) من طريق وكيع به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٠٩٩) -ومن طريقه ابن أبى حاتم في العلل ٤/ ١٠٥ - عن وكيع بالوجه الآخر.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٧١)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٣، والنسائي (٣٤١٤)، وابن ماجه =","vol":"15","page":370},{"text":"وبَلَغَنِى عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيِّ أنَّه وهَّنَ حَديثَ شُعبَةَ وسُفيانَ جميعًا (^١). وعن أبى زُرعَةَ أنَّه قال: حَديثُ سُفيانَ أصَحُّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَةُ وكيعٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن سُفيانَ أصَحُّ؛ فقَد رَواه قَيسُ ابنُ الرَّبيعِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلقَمَةُ بنُ مَرثَدٍ عن رَزينٍ الأحمَرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على المِنبَرِ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه فبانَت مِنه. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٥٢٩٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكانَ شُعبَةُ يقولُ: سفيانُ أحفَظُ مِنِّى (^٤). وقالَ يَحيَى القَطَّانُ: إذا اختَلَفا أخَذتُ بقَولِ سُفيانَ (^٥).\nورُوىَ في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n١٥٢٩٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ\n_________\n= (١٩٣٣) من طريق غندر به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٥٦٩): صحيح بما قبله.\n(^١) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل عقب (٢٧١)، وابن أبى حاتم في العلل ٤/ ١٠٤ عن أبى زرعة به.\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطنى في العلل ١٣/ ١٨٠، والطبرانى (١٣٠٨٦) عن قيس بن الربيع به، وعنده: سليمان ابن رزين.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٢٨٣).\n(^٥) ذكره البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٩٣ معلقًا، والترمذى عقب (٢٩٠٨)، وابن أبى حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٦٣، والبغوى في الجعديات (١٩١٦) عن عليّ بن المدينى عنه.","vol":"15","page":371},{"text":"ابنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَزيدَ الهُنائِىِّ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن رَجُل تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً وقَد كان طَلَّقَها زَوجُها -أحسَبُه قال: ثَلاثًا- فلَم يَدخُلْ بها الثَّانِي. فقالَ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى يَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَها وتَذوقَ عُسَيلَتَه\" (^١).\n\n١٥٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ﴾. يقولُ: إن طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا فلا تَحِل له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا (^٢). ﴿فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا﴾. يقولُ: إذا تَزَوَّجَت بَعدَ الأوَّلِ فدَخَلَ بها الآخِرُ، فلا حَرَجَ على الأوَّلِ أن يَتَزَوَّجَها إذا طَلَّقَها الآخِرُ أو ماتَ عَنها (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ في مَوتِ الثَّانِي عَنها قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّها: لا يَحِلُّ لِزَوجِها الأوَّلِ أن يَتَزَوَّجَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٢٤)، والبزار (٦٥٢٧)، وأبو يعلى (٤٢٩٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٧٣، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٣٧٢)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٣٢٠٥ من طريق محمد بن دينار به.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"غيره\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٦٦، ١٧٥، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢٢٣٠) من طريق عبد الله ابن صالح به. وعند ابن أبي حاتم بذكر الشطر الأول. وعلق الشطر الثانى عقب (٢٢٣٤) عن ابن عباس.\n(^٤) ينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٥٣١، ٥٣٢.","vol":"15","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3287>بابُ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ تَحتَه أمَةٌ فيُطَلِّقُها ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ يَشتَريها</span>\n\n١٥٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الزَّاهِدُ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ يَعنِى الحَنَفِيَّ قال: سألَ ابنُ الكَوّاءِ عَليًّا -﵁- عن المَملوكَةِ، تَكُونُ تَحتَ الرَّجُلِ، فيُطَلِّقُها تَطليقَتَينِ ثُمَّ يَشتَريها فقالَ: لا تَحِلُّ لَه (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن شُعبَةَ.\n\n١٥٢٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ الأمَةَ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ يَشتَريها: إنَّها لا تَحِلُّ له حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه. قال: وسَمِعتُ مالكًا يقولُ: قال ذَلِكَ غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنِي عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الزاهرى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٠٠١)، وابن أبى شيبة ٦/ ٤٣ (١٦٣٦١/ ٩٧) من طريق شعبة به، وعندهما: عن أبى عون.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٥٣٧، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٩٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٦٢٦٧)، وأحمد في العلل (٢٦٩٤).","vol":"15","page":373},{"text":"الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ فيمَن تَزَوَّجَ أمَةً ثُمَّ بانَت مِنه بالبَتَّةِ، ثُمَّ استَسَرَّها سَيِّدُها، ثُمَّ ابتاعَها زَوجُها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، فلا [يُحِلُّها له استِسرارُ] (^١) سَيدِها إيَّاها، ولا تَحِلُّ له بمِلكِ يَمينِه حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا على بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِى، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، عن سُفيانَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبِيد السَّلمانِيِّ قال: لا تَحِلُّ له إلَّا مِنَ البابِ الَّذِى حَرُمَت عَلَيه. في رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ مَملوكَةً فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ اشتَراها، وقالَ: إذا كان تَحتَ الرَّجُلِ مَملوكَةٌ فطَلَّقَها تَطليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ وقَعَ عَلَيها سَيِّدُها فقالَ: لا يُحِلُّها السَّيِّدُ لِزَوجِها إلَّا أن يَكونَ زَوجًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تحل له باستسرار\".\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٢٧٠) من طريق شعبة بمعناه مختصرًا. وذكره المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٣٠).","vol":"15","page":374},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3288>كتابُ الإيلاءِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3289>بابُ مَن قال: يُوقَفُ المُؤلى بَعدَ تَرَبُّصِ أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ فإِن فاءَ وإلَّا طَلَّقَ</span>\n\n١٥٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: أدرَكتُ بضعَةَ عَشَرَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كُلُهُم يقولُ: يُوقَفُ المؤلى (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فأَقَلُّ بضعَةَ عَشَرَ أن يَكونوا ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ، [وهو يَقولُ] (^٢): مِنَ الأنصارِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ ابنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي الأوَيسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ مَولَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن اثنَى عَشَرَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: الإيلاءُ لا يَكونُ طَلاقًا حَتَّى يُوقَفَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٣١)، والمعرفة (٤٥١٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٦٥، ٧/ ٢٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٧٦٧)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٦١ من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"وهم يقولون\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٢٤.\n(^٤) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٦٦.","vol":"15","page":375},{"text":"١٥٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أيُّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ (^١) اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: سألتُ اثنَى عَشَرَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الرَّجُلِ يُؤلِى، قالوا: لَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ حَتَّى تَمضِىَ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فيوقَفَ، فإِن فاءَ وإلَّا طَلَّقَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ كان يوقِفُ المُؤلىَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن القاسِمِ، أنَّ عثمانَ كان لا يَرَى الإيلاءَ شَيئًا وإِن مَضتِ الأربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ حَتَّى يوقَفَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"عبد\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦١. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٨١ من طريق ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٧٣٨)، والمعرفة (٤٥١٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٦٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٦٦٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٧٦٥) من طريق ابن عيينة به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٢.","vol":"15","page":376},{"text":"١٥٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ (^١) الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ سَلِمَةَ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا أوقَفَ المُؤلِىَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- أوقَفَ المُؤلِىَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٠٩ - [وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ عَليًّا كان يوقِفُ المُؤلِىَ] (^٤) (^٥).\n\n١٥٣١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥١٤)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢٦٥، ٧/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٣٢٣ من طريق أبى العباس به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥١٥)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢٦٥، ٧/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٧٦٣، ١٨٧٦٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٧٧ من طريق ليث به.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٥١٩)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢٦٥، ومالك ٢/ ٥٥٦، وعنده من قول عليّ.","vol":"15","page":377},{"text":"أنَّ عَليَّ بنَ أبى طالبٍ كان يقولُ في الإيلاءِ: إذا مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ الأشهُرِ ولَم يوقَفْ فلَيسَ ذَلِكَ بطَلاقٍ، ولَو مَرَّتِ السَّنَةُ لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه طَلاقٌ حَتَّى يوقَفَ.\n\n١٥٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ ويَحيىَ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: يوقَفُ بَعدَ الأربَعَةِ؛ فإِمّا أن يَفِئَ وإِمّا أن يُطَلِّقَ (^١).\n\n١٥٣١٢ - وأخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا الشُّرَيحِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا هُشَيم، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا -﵁- أوقَفَ رَجُلًا عِندَ (^٢) الأربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ. قال: فوَقَفَه فى الرَّحَبَةِ إمّا أن يَفِئَ وإِمّا أن يُطَلِّقَ (^٣). هَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ مَوصولٌ.\nويُذكَرُ عن أبى البَختَرِيِّ عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا آلَى مِن امرأتِه وُقفَ عِندَ تَمامِ الأربَعَةِ فقيلَ له: إمّا أن تَفِئَ وِإمّا أن تَعزِمَ الطَّلاقَ. قال: ويُجبَرُ على ذَلِكَ.\n\n١٥٣١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦١. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٧٧ من طريق يحيى به بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٧٦٢)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢١٧٥) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨: \"بعد\".\n(^٣) البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٤٨٠). وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٢ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"15","page":378},{"text":"محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: أيُّما رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امرأتِه فإنه إذا مَضَتْ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ وُقِفَ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ أو يَفِئَ، ولا يَقَعُ عَلَيها الطَّلاقُ إذا مَضتِ الأربَعَةُ الأشهُرِ حَتَّى يوقَفَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- إذا ذُكِرَ لَها الرَّجُلُ يَحلِفُ ألَّا يأتِيَ امرأتَه، فيَدَعُها خَمسَةَ أشهُرٍ، لا تَرَى ذَلِكَ شَيئًا حَتَّى يوقَفَ، وتَقولُ: كَيفَ؟! قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ (^٣) [البقرة: ٢٢٩].\n\n١٥٣١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو ابنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت فى الإيلاءِ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٧٣٤)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٦، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٥/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٩١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٥١٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٦٥.","vol":"15","page":379},{"text":"لا شَئَ وإِن مَضَت سنينٌ (^١)، فإِمّا أن يَفِئَ وإِمّا أن يُطَلِّقَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَ أبا ذَرٍّ وعائشَةَ -﵄- قالا: يوقَفُ المُؤلِي بَعدَ انقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ (^٣)، فإِمّا أن يَفِئَ وإِمّا أن يُطَلِّقَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الرّازِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا السُّلَمِيُّ يَعنى أحمدَ بنَ يوسُفَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا (^٥) قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ قال فى الإيلاءِ: يوقَفُ عِندَ انقِضاءِ العدةِ للأربعةِ الأشهرِ (^٦)؛ فإِمّا أن يُطَلَّقَ وِإمّا أن يَفِئَ (^٧). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3290>بابُ مَن قال: عَزمُ الطَّلاقِ انقِضاءُ الأربَعَةِ الأشهُرِ </span>(^٨)\n\n١٥٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"سنة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٦٩ من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به بنحوه.\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"المدة\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١١٦٥٨)، ومن طريقه ابن جربر في تفسيره ٤/ ٧٨، وعندهما: أن أبا الدرداء وعائشة.\n(^٥) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٦) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"أربعة أشهر\".\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٧٨ من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٨) فى ص ٨: \"أشهر\".","vol":"15","page":380},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ (^١) إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يقولُ: إذا مَضَت أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ، وهو أملَكُ برَدِّها ما دامَت فى عِدَّتِها (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\nوخالَفَه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ الإمامُ فرَواه عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدٍ وأَبِى بكرٍ مِن قَولِهِما غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-:\n\n١٥٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ كانا يَقولانِ فى الرَّجُلِ يُؤلِي مِنِ امرأتِه: إنَّها إذا مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ الأشهُرِ فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ، ولِزَوجِها عَلَيها رَجعَةٌ ما كانَت فى العِدَّةِ. قالَ مالكٌ: وعَلَى ذَلِكَ كان رأىُ ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣). هَذا أصَحُّ مِنَ الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى.\n\n١٥٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٨: \"أبى\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٣.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٥٢٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٦، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٩ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٦، ٥٥٧.","vol":"15","page":381},{"text":"القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ قال: سألتُ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الإيلاءِ فمَرَرتُ بأَبِى سلمةَ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ: عَمّ سألتَه؟ فقُلتُ: عن الإيلاءِ. قال: أفَلا أُخبِرُكَ ما كان عثماد وزيدٌ -﵄- يَقولانِ؟ كانا يَقولانِ: إذا مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ الأشهُرِ فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ بائنةٌ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الأوزاعِيُّ عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ (^٢)، ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ بمَحفوظٍ، وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٣)، والمَشهورُ عن عثمانَ -﵁- بخِلافِهِ:\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا المَيمونِيُّ قال: ذَكَرتُ لأحمَدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ ﵀ حَديثَ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ عن أبى سلمةَ عن عثمانَ فقالَ: لا أدرِى ما هو، رُوِىَ عن عثمانَ -﵁- خِلافُه. قيلَ له: مَن رَواه؟ قال: حَبيبُ بنُ أبي ثابِتٍ عن طاوُسٍ عن عثمانَ: يوقَفُ (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى العَوّامِ الرِّيَاحِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، ص ٨، م.\nوالحديث عند عبد الرزاق (١١٦٣٨)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٦٥، وزادا: وهى أحق بنفسها.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٣، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٦٥.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٩٢١٩).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٦٤، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٢٦).","vol":"15","page":382},{"text":"هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ (^١)، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إذا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امرأتِه فمَضَتِ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ، ويَخطُبُها في عِدَّتِها ولا يَخطبها أحَدٌ غَيرُه، وعِدَّتُها (^٢) ثَلاثَةُ قُروءٍ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أمّا ما رَوَيتُ (^٤) فيه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- فمُرسَلٌ، وحَديثُ علىِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ لا يُسنِدُه غَيرُه عَلِمتُه -يَعنِى لا يوصِلُه غَيرُه (^٥) - ولَو كان هَذا ثابِتًا عنه (^٦) فكُنتَ إنَّما بقَولِه اعتَلَلتَ. أكانَ بضعَةَ عَشَرَ مِن أصحاب رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أولَى أن يُؤخَذَ بقَولِهِم، أو واحِدٍ أو اثنَينِ؟! (^٧)\n\n١٥٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إذا مَضَت أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فهِىَ تَطليقَةٌ بائنَةٌ. قال يَزيدُ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"كريمة\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"لعدة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٦٧ من طريق سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٨٨٩) من طريق على بن بذيمة به.\n(^٤) كذا ضبطت في الأصل بالضم، ويظهر من السياق أنه خطأ. والله أعلم.\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"قال\".\n(^٦) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٥٢٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤.","vol":"15","page":383},{"text":"يَعنى في الإيلاءِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطيَّالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي الحَكَمُ قال: سَمِعتُ مِقسَمًا قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- يقولُ: عَزْمُ الطَلاقِ انقِضاءُ الأربَعَةِ الأشهُرِ، والفَئُ الجِماعُ (^٣). هَذا هو الصَّحيحُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄ -.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عنه بخِلافِهِ:\n\n١٥٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في آيَةِ الإيلاءِ قال: الرَّجُلُ يَحلِفُ لامرأتِه باللَّهِ لا يَنكِحُها، يَتَرَبَّصُ (^٤) أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ، فإِن هو نكَحَها كَفرَ عن يَمينِه بإِطعامِ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ أو كِسوَتِهِم أو تَحريرِ رَقَبَةٍ، فإن (^٥) لَم يَجِدْ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، وإِن مَضَت اْربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ قَبلَ أن يَنكِحَها خَيَّرَه السُّلطانُ؛\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٦٩ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٧٤٧، ١٨٧٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٠٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٦٩، والبغوي في الجعديات (١٥٧)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٨٤) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتي قريبًا في (١٥٣٢٧) من طريق شعبة بلفظ: الفئ الجماع.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"تربص\"، وفي م: \"تتربص\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فمن\".","vol":"15","page":384},{"text":"إمّا أن يَفِئَ فيُراجِعَ، وإِمّا أن يَعزِمَ فيُطَلِّقَ، كما قال اللَّهُ سُبحانَه (^١).\n\n١٥٣٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ اللَّبّادُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا أسباطٌ، عن السُّدِّىِّ في آيَةِ الإيلاءِ قال: كان عليٌّ وابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- يَقولانِ: إذا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امرأتِه فمَضتِ الأربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فإِنَّه يوقَفُ فيُقالُ له: أمسَكتَ أو طَلَّقتَ؟ فإِن أمسَكَ فهِىَ امرأتُه، وإِن طَلَّقَ فهِىَ طالِقٌ بائنَةٌ. وكانَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵄- يَقولانِ: إذا مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فهِىَ طالِقٌ بائنَةٌ، وهِىَ أحَقُّ بنَفسِها (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ (^٣) في احتِجاجِهِم بقَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ: قُلنا: أمّا ابنُ عباسٍ فأَنتَ تُخالِفُه في الإيلاءِ. قال: ومِن أينَ؟! فذَكَرَ ما:\n\n١٥٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيع، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: المُؤلِي الَّذِى يَحلِفُ لا يَقرَبُ امرأتَه أبَدًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٦٢، ٨٣، ٨٤، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٧١) من طريق أبى صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٧٣، ٨٤ من طريق عمرو بن طلحة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٢١)، والأم ٧/ ٢٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٢٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤.","vol":"15","page":385},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3291>بابٌ: الفَيئَةُ الجِماعُ إلَّا مِن عُذرٍ</span>\n\n١٥٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ هو ابنُ هارونَ وأبو النَّضرِ، قال يَزيدُ: أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: الفَئُ الجِماعُ (^١).\n\n١٥٣٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أسباطٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: الفَئُ الجِماعُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه مَسروقٌ وسَعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ والشَّعبِيُّ وغَيرُهُم مِنَ المُفَسِّرينَ (^٣).\nوقالَ الحَسَنُ: الفَئُ الجِماعُ، فإِن كان له عُذرٌ مِن مَرَضٍ [أو سِجنٍ] (^٤) أجزأه أن يَفِئَ بلِسانِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٥٣ من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (١٥٣٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣١٧٨) من طريق أسباط به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٨٩٤، ١٨٩٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٠٥) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٣) ينظر سنن سعيد بن منصور ٢/ ٢٩، ٣٠، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٠٧)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٢/ ٥٣،٥٤.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٠٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٥٥، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٨١).","vol":"15","page":386},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3292>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَحلِفُ لا يَطأُ امرأتَه أقَل مِن أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ</span>\n\n١٥٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا الأوَيسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ ابنُ بلالٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: آلَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مِن نِسائِه، وكانَتِ انفَكَّت رِجلُه فأَقامَ في مَشرُبَةٍ (^١) له تِسعًا وعِشرينَ لَيلَةً ثُمَّ نَزَلَ، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، آلَيتَ شَهرًا. قال: فقالَ: \"إنَّ الشَّهرَ يَكونُ تِسعًا وعِشرينَ (^٢) \". رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عامِرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَمْرُويَه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أبو قُدامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عامِرٌ الأحوَلُ، حَدَّثَنِى عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان إيلاءُ أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ السَّنَةَ والسَّنَتَينِ وأَكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ،\n_________\n(^١) المشربة: الغرفة العالية. فتح البارى ٥/ ١١٦.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"ليلة\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٩٠٠٩) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وابن حبان (٤٢٧٧) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٩١١، ٦٦٨٤).","vol":"15","page":387},{"text":"فوَقَّتَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَهُم أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ؛ فإِن كان إيلاؤُه -وفِي رِوايَةِ يونُسَ: فمَن كان إيلاؤُه- أقَلَّ مِن أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ فلَيسَ بإيلاءٍ. قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: وإِن آلَى مِنها وهِىَ في بَيتِ أهلِها قَبلَ أن يَبنِىَ بها فلَيسَ بإيلاءٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه في الإيلاءِ: أن يَحلِفَ ألا يَمَسَّها أبَدًا، أو سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ أو أكثَرَ، أو ما زادَ على أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ، أو نَحوَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3293>باب: كُلُّ يَمينٍ مَنَعَتِ الجِماعَ بكُلِّ حالٍ أكثَرَ مِن أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ إلا (^٣) بأَن يَحنَثَ الحالِفُ فهِىَ إيلاءٌ</span>\n\n١٥٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الرَّزْجاهِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كُلُّ يَمينٍ مَنَعَت جِماعًا فهِىَ إيلاءٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر ابن البخترى (٦٩١). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٨٨٤) -ومن طريقه الطبرانى (١١٣٥٦) - من طريق الحارث بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٢٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٦٠٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٤١) معلقًا عن ابن عباس. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٨٨٠) من طريق معاذ بن عفراء عن ابن عباس نحوه.","vol":"15","page":388},{"text":"ورُوّيناه أيضًا عن الشَّعبِىِّ والنَّخَعِىِّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3294>بابٌ: الإيلاءُ في الغَضَبِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن داودَ هو ابنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عِجْلٍ، عن أبى عَطيَّةَ أنَّه توُفِّىَ أخوه وتَرَكَ بُنَيًّا له رَضيعًا، قال أبو عَطيَّةَ لامرأتِه: أرضِعيه. فقالَت: إنِّى أخشَى أن تَغتالَه (^٢). فحَلَفَ لا يَقرَبُها حَتَّى تَفطِمَه، ففَعَلَ حَتَّى فطَمَته، قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: إنَّكَ إنَّما أرَدتَ الخَيرَ، وإِنَّما الإيلاءُ في الغَضبِ (^٣).\nوحَكاه الشّافِعِيُّ عن هُشَيمٍ عن داودَ عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبى عَطيَّةَ الأسَدِيِّ أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ امرأةَ أخيه وهِىَ تُرضِعُ بابنِ أخيه. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^٥) قال: كانَت أُمِّى تُرضِعُ صَبيًّا وقَد توُفِّىَ صَبِىٌّ\n_________\n(^١) أثر الشعبى أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٤١)، وأخرج أثر النخعى في (١٨٨٣٨، ١٨٨٤٢).\n(^٢) الغيلة: هى أن يجامع الرجل زوجته وهى مرضع، وكذا إذا حملت وهى مرضع. النهاية ٣/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٤٤ من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧٤.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨: \"حرب\".","vol":"15","page":389},{"text":"لَنا، فحَلَفَ أبى ألا يَقرَبَها حَتَّى تَفطِمَ الصَّبِيَّ، فلَمّا مَضَت أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ قيلَ له: إنَّه قَد بانَت مِنكَ. فأَتَى عَليًّا -﵁- فأَخبَرَه فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: إن كُنتَ حَلَفتَ على تَضِرَّةٍ (^١) فهِىَ امرأتُكَ، وإلا فقَد بانَت مِنكَ (^٢). كَذا قال شُعبَةُ عن سِماكِ ابنِ حَربٍ.\nوقَد قال الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ: ومَن قال هَذا القَولَ فيَنبَغِى أن يَقولَ: وكَذَلِكَ إن كانَت بها عِلَّةٌ يَضُرُّها الجِماعُ بها، أو بَدَا اليَمينُ ولَيسَ هَيئَتُها (^٣) الضرارَ فلَيسَت بإيلاءٍ. ولِهَذا القَولِ وجهٌ حَسَنٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقالَ غَيرُه: هو مُؤلِى، وكُلُّ يَمينٍ مَنَعَتِ الجِماعَ فهِىَ إيلاءٌ (^٤).\nوعَلَى هَذا القَولِ نَصَّ في الجَديدِ، واحتَجَّ بأَنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى أنزَلَ الإيلاءَ مُطلَقًا لَم يَذكُرْ فيه غَضَبًا ولا رِضًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) التضرة بكسر الضاد وضمها: الضُّر. التاج ١٢/ ٣٨٥ (ض ر ر).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٤٤، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٣٦٧٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"معناها\". وفي حاشيته كالمثبت.\n(^٤) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٥٣٠).\n(^٥) الأم ٥/ ٢٦٨.","vol":"15","page":390},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3295>كتابُ الظهارِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3296>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ الآيَةِ في الظِّهارِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى وسِعَ سَمعُه الأصواتَ، لَقَد جاءَتِ المُجادِلَةُ تَشتَكِى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وأَنا في ناحيَةِ البَيتِ ما أسمَعُ ما تَقولُ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا﴾ (^١) [المجادلة: ١]. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ الأعمَشُ: عن تَميمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الشيخُ أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ (^٣) ابنِ مَعنٍ المَسعودِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن الأعمَشِ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عُروةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: تَبارَكَ اللَّهُ الَّذِى وسِعَ سَمعُه كُلَّ شَئٍ، إنِّى لأسمَعُ كَلامَ خَولَةَ بنتِ ثَعلَبَةَ ويَخفَى عليَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٤٣)، والمعرفة (٤٥٣٣)، والاعتقاد ص ٨٥، والأسماء والصفات (٣٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٩٥)، وابن ماجه (١٨٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والنسائى (٣٤٦٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخارى قبل (٧٣٨٥).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"عبدة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤١٧، ٢٦/ ٧٥.","vol":"15","page":391},{"text":"بَعضه وهِىَ تَشتَكِى [زوجَها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-] (^١)، وهِىَ تَقولُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أكَلَ شَبابِى، ونَثَرتُ له بَطنى، حَتَّى إذا كَبِرَت سِنِّى وانقَطَعَ له ولَدِى ظاهَرَ مِنِّى، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أشكو إلَيكَ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فما بَرِحَت حَتَّى نَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ بهَؤُلاءِ الآياتِ: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا﴾. قال: وزَوجُها أوسُ بنُ الصّامِتِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ ابنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ جَميلَةَ كانَتِ امرأةَ أوسِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، وكانَ أوسٌ امرَءًا به لَمَمٌ (^٣)، فإِذا اشتَدَّ به لَمَمُه ظاهَرَ مِنِ امرأتِه، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎ في كَفارَةِ الظِّهارِ (^٤).\nورَواه موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ عن حَمّادٍ فأَرسَلَه (^٥).\n\n١٥٣٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"إلى رسول الله -ﷺ- زوجها\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٨١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٦٣) من طريق محمد بن أبى عبيدة به.\n(^٣) اللمم هنا: الإلمام بالنساء وشدة الحرص والتوقان إليهن. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٨١ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٢٠) من طريق محمد بن الفضل به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢١٩) عن موسي بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"15","page":392},{"text":"حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ الثُّمَالِيُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا قال لامرأتِه في الجاهِليَّةِ: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمِّى. حَرُمَت عَلَيه في الإسلامِ. قال: وكانَ أوَّلَ مَن ظاهَرَ في الإِسلامِ أوسٌ، وكانَت تَحتَه ابنَةُ عَمٍّ له يُقالُ لَها: خوَيلَةُ (^١) بنتُ خوَيلِدٍ. فظاهَرَ مِنها، فأُسقِطَ في يَدِه وقالَ: ما أُراكِ إلَّا قَد حَرُمتِ عليَّ. قالَت له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، قال: فانطَلِقِى إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فسَليه. فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فوَجَدَت عِندَه ماشِطَةً تَمشُطُ رأسَه، فأَخبَرَته فقالَ: \"يا خوَيلَةُ (^١) مما أُمِرنا في أمرِكِ بشَيءٍ\". فأُنزِلَ على النَّبِيِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: \"يا خوَيلَة أبشِرِى\". قالَت: خَيرًا. قال: \"خَيرًا\". فقَرأ عَلَيها: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا (^٢)﴾ الآياتِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا يَقَعُ في الظِّهارِ طَلاقٌ (^٤). يَعنِى بالظِّهارِ.\n\n١٥٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"خولة\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"وتشتكى إلى الله\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٥/ ٢٢٤ (٧٦٤٩) من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به. والبزار (١٥١٣ - كشف)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٤٤٨، ٤٤٩ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٧٧: أبو حمزة اسمه ثابت، مجمع على تضعيفه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٤٦١ من طريق أبى صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"15","page":393},{"text":"موسَى الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ ابنُ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: كان الظِّهارُ والإيلاءُ طَلاقًا على عَهدِ الجاهِليَّةِ، فوَقَّتَ اللهُ ﷿ في الإيلاءِ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ، وجَعَلَ في الظِّهارِ الكفّارَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3297>بابٌ: لا ظِهارَ في الأمَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، أخبرَنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: لا ظِهارَ مِنَ الأمَةِ (^١).\n\n١٥٣٤٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لَيسَ مِنَ الأمَةِ ظِهارٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٣٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢) وأبو بكرٍ قالا: أخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا أبو جَزِىٍّ نَصرُ بنُ طَريفٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: مَن شاءَ باهَلتُه أنَّه لَيسَ لِلأمَةِ ظِهارٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٣١٨.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"السلمى\".\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٣١٨. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٧٧: أبو جزى تركوه.","vol":"15","page":394},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3298>بابٌ: لا ظِهارَ قَبلَ نِكاحٍ</span>\n\n١٥٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لَيسَ الظِّهارُ والطَّلاقُ قَبلَ المِلكِ بشَئٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا في كِتابِ الطَّلاقِ عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ عن علىٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵃-: لا طَلاقَ قَبلَ نِكاحٍ (^٢). والظِّهارُ في مَعناه.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- خِلافُ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ:\n\n١٥٣٤٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِيَّ أنَّه سألَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأةً إن هو تَزَوَّجَها، قال: فقالَ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ: إنَّ رَجُلًا جَعَلَ عَلَيه امرأةً كَظَهرِ أُمِّه إن هو تَزَوَّجَها، فأَمَرَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- أن يَتَزَوَّجَها ولا يَقرَبَها حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ كَفّارَةَ المُتَظاهِرِ (^٣). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ لَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٥٥٣) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤٩٨٣ - ١٤٩٩٧).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ٩ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٥٩، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١١٥٥٠).","vol":"15","page":395},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3299>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُظاهِرُ مِن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ له بكَلِمَةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n١٥٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في رَجُلٍ ظاهَرَ مِن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ، فقال (^١): كَفارَةٌ واحِدَةٌ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-:\n\n١٥٣٤٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا السّاجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا (^٣) مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ وعَلِيُّ بنُ الحَكَمِ، سَمِعا عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال في رَجُلٍ ظاهَرَ مِن ثَلاثِ نِسوَةٍ، قال: عَلَيه كَفّارَةٌ واحِدَةٌ (^٤).\nوبِه قال عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ والحَسَنُ البَصرِىُّ ورَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٥)، قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ الأمرُ عِندَنا (^٦).\nوبِه قال الشَّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ، وقالَ في الجَديدِ: عَلَيه في كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بكلمة قال\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٩ من طريق مجاهد به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٩ من طريق على بن الحكم به.\n(^٥) ينظر قول عروة وربيعة في الموطأ ٢/ ٥٥٩. ٥٦٠، وقول الحسن في مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٥٧٠).\n(^٦) الموطأ ٢/ ٥٦٠.","vol":"15","page":396},{"text":"مِنهُنَّ كَفارَةٌ (^١). وهو رِوايَةُ قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ (^٢)، وبِه قال الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَة (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3300>بابُ المُظاهِرِ الَّذِى تَلزَمُه الكَفّارَةُ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ الآية [المجادلة: ٣].\nوأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ (^٤)، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ قال: الَّذِى حَفِظتُ مِمّا سَمِعتُ في: ﴿يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا﴾. أنَّ المتظاهِرَ (^٥) حَرَّمَ امرأتَه بالظِّهارِ، فإِذا أتَت عَلَيه مُدَّةٌ بَعدَ القَولِ بالظِّهارِ لَم يُحَرِّمْها بالطَلاقِ الَّذِى تَحرُمُ به، ولا بشَئٍ يَكونُ له مَخرَجٌ مِن أن تَحرُمَ به، فقَد وجَبَت عَلَيه كَفّارَةُ الظِّهارِ، كأنَّهُم يَذهَبونَ إلَى أنَّه إذا أمسَكَ ما حَرَّمَ على نَفسِه أنَّه حَلالٌ فقَد عادَ لِما قال فخالَفَه، فأَحَلَّ ما حَرَّمَ. قال: ولا أعلَمُ له مَعنًى أولَى به مِن هَذا.\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: ولم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا في أن عَلَيه كَفّارَةَ الظِّهارِ وإِن لَم يَعُدْ بتَظاهُرٍ آخَرَ، فلَم يَجُزْ أن يُقالَ ما لَم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا في أنَّه لَيسَ بمَعنَى الآيَةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٥٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٥٦٨).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"محمد بن يعقوب\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"المظاهر\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣١)، والأم ٥/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"15","page":397},{"text":"١٥٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو الرزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا داودُ ابنُ أبى هِندٍ، حَدَّثَنى أبو العاليَةِ الرِّياحِيُّ قال: كانَت خَولَةُ بنتُ دُلَيجٍ تَحتَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكانَ سَيِّئ الخُلُقِ ضَريرَ البَصرِ فقيرًا، وكانَتِ الجاهِليَّةُ إذا أرادَ الرَّجُلُ أن يُفارِقَ امرأتَه قال: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمِّى. فنازَعَته في بَعضِ الشَّئِ فقالَ: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمِّى. وكانَ له عَيِّلٌ أو عَيِّلانِ، فلَمّا سَمِعَته يقولُ ما قال احتَمَلَت صِبيانَها فانطَلَقَت تَسعَى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، فوافَقَته عِندَ عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- في بَيتِها، وإِذا عائشَةُ تَغسِلُ شِقَّ رأسِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقامَت عَلَيه ثُمَّ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ زَوجَها فقير ضَريرُ البَصرِ سَيِّئُ الخُلُقِ، وإِنِّى نازَعتُه في شَئٍ فقالَ: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمِّى. ولَم يُرِدِ الطَلاقَ. فرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- رأسَه فقالَ: \"ما أعلَمُ إلا قَد حَرُمتِ عَلَيه\". قال: فاستَكانَت وقالَت: أشتَكِى إلَى اللَّهِ ما نَزَلَ بي وبِصِبيَتِى. قال: وتَحَوَّلَت عائشَةُ تَغسِلُ شِقَّ رأسِه الآخَرَ، فتَحَوَّلَت مَعَها فقالَت مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، قالَت: ولِى مِنه عَيِّلٌ أو عَيِّلانِ. فرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- رأسَه إلَيها فقالَ: \"ما أعلَمُ إلا قَد حَرُمتِ عَلَيه\". فبَكَت وقالَت: أشتَكِى إلى اللهِ ما نَزَل بى وبِصِبيَتِى. وتَغَيَّرَ وجهُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: وراءَكِ. فتَنَحَّت، ومَكَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ما شاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ انقَطَعَ الوَحيُ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ أينَ المَرأَةُ؟ \". قالَت: ها هِىَ هذه. قال: \"ادعيها\". فدَعَتها فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"اذهَبِى فجيئى بزَوجِكِ\". قال: فانطَلَقَت تَسعَى، فلَم تَلبَثْ أن جاءَت به فأَدخَلَته على النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، فإِذا هو كما","vol":"15","page":398},{"text":"قالَت؛ ضريرُ البَصرِ فقيرٌ سَيِّئُ الخُلُقِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أستَعيذُ بالسَّميعِ العَليمِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجيمِ، بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ [المجادلة: ١]. إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أتَجِدُ عِتقَ رَقَبَةٍ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أفَتَستَطيعُ صومَ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ؟ \". قال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ إنى إذا لَم آكُلِ المَرَّةَ والمَرَّتَينِ والثَّلاثَ يَكادُ أن يَعشُوَ بَصَرِى. قال: \"فتَستَطيعُ أن تُطعِمَ ستِّينَ مِسكينًا؟ \". قالَ: لا، إلَّا أن تُعينَنِى فيها. قال: فدَعا به رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فكَفَّرَ يَمينَه (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ ولَكِن له شَواهِدُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3301>بابٌ: لا يَقرَبُها حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ [المجادلة: ٣].\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: فإِذا كانَتِ المُماسَّةُ قَبلَ الكَفّارَةِ فذَهَبَ الوَقتُ لَم تَبطُلِ الكَفّارَةُ ولَم نَزِدْ عَلَيه فيها، كما يُقالُ له: أدِّ الصَّلاةَ في وقتِ كَذا وقَبلَ وقتِ كَذا. فيَذهَبُ الوَقتُ فيُؤَدّيها؛ لأنَّها فرضٌ عَلَيه، ولا يُقالُ له: زِدْ فيها لِذَهابِ الوَقتِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم - كما في تفسير ابن كثير ٨/ ٦٤ من طريق على بن عاصم به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٤٤٦، ٤٤٧ من طريق داود به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٢٩٧٩: عليٌّ ضعيف.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"15","page":399},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ صَخرٍ البَياضِىِّ قال: كُنتُ امرَأً أستَكثِرُ مِنَ النِّساءِ، لا أُرَى رَجُلًا كان يُصيبُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما أُصيبُه، فلَمّا دَخَلَ رَمَضانُ ظاهَرتُ مِنِ امرأتي حَتَّى يَنسَلِخَ رَمَضانُ، فبَينَما هِىَ تُحَدِّثُنِى ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ فتكشَّفَ لِى مِنها شَيءٌ، فوَثَبتُ عَلَيها فواقَعتُها، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على قَومِى فأَخبَرتُهُم خَبَرِى، فقُلتُ لَهُم: سَلوا لي رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-. فقالوا: ما كُنا لِنَفعَلَ، إذن يَنزِلَ فينا مِنَ اللهِ كِتابٌ، أو يَكونَ فينا مِن رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- قَول فيَبقَى عارُه عَلَينا، ولَكِن سَوفَ نُسَلِّمُكَ بجَريرَتِكَ، فاذهَبْ أنتَ فاذكُرْ شأنَكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-. فخَرَجتُ حَتَّى جِئتُه فأَخبَرتُه الخَبَرَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أنتَ بذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: أنا بذَلِكَ، وهَذا أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ صابِر لِحُكمِ اللَّهِ عليَّ. قال: \"فأَعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: قُلتُ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَق ما أصبَحتُ أملِكُ إلا رَقَبَتِى هذه. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وهَل دَخَلَ عليَّ ما دَخَلَ مِنَ البَلاءِ إلا بالصَّومِ؟! قال: \"فتَصَدَّقْ؛ أطعِمْ سِتينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: قُلتُ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَق لَقَد بتنا لَيلَتَنا هذه ما لَنا مِن عَشاءٍ. قال: \"فاذهَبْ إلَى صاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ، فقُلْ له فليَدفَعْها إلَيكَ، فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا واستنفِعْ ببقيَّتها\" (^١).\n\n١٥٣٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ،\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦، وابن أبى شيبة في مسنده (٦٢٧)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٠٦٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٧٧). ويأتي في (١٥٣٧٣ - ١٥٣٧٥).","vol":"15","page":400},{"text":"حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ صَخرٍ، عن النَبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- في المُظاهِرِ يواقِعُ قَبلَ أن يُكَفِّرَ قال: \"كَفارَةٌ واحِدَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ العَدَنِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وقَد ظاهَرَ مِنِ امرأتِه فوَقَعَ عَلَيها فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى ظاهَرتُ مِنِ امرأتِي فوَقَعتُ عَلَيها مِن قَبلِ أن أُكَفِّرَ. قال: \"وما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ؟! \". قال: رأيتُ خَلخالَها في ضَوءِ القَمَرِ. قال: \"فلا تَقرَبْها حَتَّى تَفعَلَ ما أمَرَ اللَّهُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحُرَيثِ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعنَى هَذا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٨. وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٦٤) عن أبى سعيد الأشج به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٧٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١٥٩٩) من طريق الحكم به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٨٠: العدنى واه.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٩٩)، والنسائى (٣٤٥٧) عن الحسين بن حريث به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٦٥) من طريق معمر به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب صحيح. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٨٠).","vol":"15","page":401},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه سعيدُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ قاضِى عَدَنَ عن الحَكَمِ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٥٣٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الطالْقانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّ رَجُلًا ظاهَرَ مِنِ امرأتِه، ثُمَّ واقَعَها قَبلَ أن يُكَفِّرَ، فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فأَخبَرَه، قال: \"ما حَمَلَكَ على ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: رأيتُ بَياضَ ساقِها في القَمَرِ. قال: \"فاعتَزِلْها حَتًى تُكفِّرَ عَنكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٣٥٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ ابنُ أبانٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن النَبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- نَحوَه، لَم يَذكُرِ السّاقَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه معتمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن الحَكَمِ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٥٣٥٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَ: إنِّى ظاهَرتُ مِنِ امرأتِي فوَقَعتُ بها قَبلَ أن أُكَفرَ. قال: \"وما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: أبدَى لىَ القَمَرُ خَلخالَيها، فوَقَعتُ بها قَبلَ أن أُكَفِّرَ. قال: \"كُفَّ عَنها حَتَّى تُكفِّرَ\".\n\n١٥٣٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٢١). واخرجه النسائى (٣٤٥٨) من طريق الحكم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٤١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٢٥)، والنسائى (٣٤٥٩) من طريق معتمر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٤٦).","vol":"15","page":402},{"text":"القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ هِشامٍ الوَرّاقُ الأحمَرِىُّ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصّينِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى ظاهَرتُ مِنِ امرأتِي، فرأيتُ بَياضَ خَلخالِها في القَمَرِ فأَعجَبَنِى فوَقَعتُ عليها. فقال: \"أوَما قال اللَّهُ: ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾؟ \". قال: قَد فعَلتُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أمسِكْ عَنها حَتَّى تُكَفرَ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن تظاهَرَ (^٢) مِنِ امرأةٍ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَها قَبلَ أن يُكَفِّرَ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها بَعدَ ذَلِكَ لَم يَمَسَّها حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ كَفّارَةَ الظِّهارِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3302>بابُ عِتقِ المُؤمِنَةِ في الظِّهارِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: لا يُجزئُه (^٣) رَقَبَةٌ على غَيرِ دينِ الإسلامِ؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يقولُ في القَتلِ: ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢]. فكانَ شَرطُ اللَّهِ تَعالَى في رَقَبَةِ القَتلِ إذا كان كَفّارَةً كالدَّليلِ -واللَّهُ أعلَمُ- على ألَّا تُجزِئَ رَقَبَةٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٤ من طريق على بن هاشم به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٦، والطبرانى (١٠٨٨٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٨١: إسماعيل واه، والصينى متروك.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ظاهر\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"تحرير\".","vol":"15","page":403},{"text":"كَفارَةٍ إلَّا مُؤمِنَةً، كما شَرَطَ اللهُ العَدلَ في الشَّهادَةِ في مَوضِعَينِ، وأَطلَقَ الشُّهودَ في ثَلاثَةِ مَواضِعَ، فلَمّا كانَت شَهادَةً كُلُّها استَدلَلْنا على أنَّ ما أَطلَقَ مِنَ الشَهاداتِ -إن شاءَ اللَّهُ- على مِثلِ مَعنَى ما شَرَطَ. قال: وإِنَّما رَدَّ اللهُ أموالَ المُسلِمينَ على المُسلِمينَ لا على المُشرِكينَ. قال: وأُحِبُّ له ألَّا يُعتِقَ إلا بالِغَةً مُؤمِنَة، وإن كانَت أعجَميَّةً فوَصَفَتِ الإسلامَ أجزأته (^١).\n\n١٥٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أُسامَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الحَكَمِ أنَّه قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ جاريَةً لي كانَت تَرعَى غَنَمًا لِى، فجِئتُها وقَد فقَدَت شاة مِنَ الغَنَمِ، فسألتُها عَنها، فقالَت: أكَلَها الذِّئبُ. فأَسِفتُ عَلَيها -وكُنتُ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ- فلَطَمتُ وجهَها، وعَلَيَّ رَقَبَةٌ أفأُعتِقُها؟ فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أينَ اللهُ؟ \". فقالَت: في السَّماءِ. فقالَ: \"مَن أنا؟ \". فقالَت: أنتَ رسولُ اللهِ. فقالَ: \"فأَعتِقْها\". فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الحَكَمِ: يارسولَ اللهِ، أشياءُ كُنا نَصنَعُها في الجاهِليَّةِ؛ كُنا نأتِي الكُهّانَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لا تأتوا الكُهّانَ\". فقالَ عُمَرُ: وكُنّا نَتَطَيَّرُ. فقالَ: \"إنَّما ذَلِكَ شَئٌ يَجِدُه أحَدُكُم في نَفسِه فلا يَضُرَّنكُم\" (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: اسمُ الرَّجُلِ مُعاويَةُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، كَذلك رَوَى الزُّهرِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٥)، والأم ٥/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٨٠، ومالك ٢/ ٧٧٦، ومن طريقه النسائى في الكبرى (٧٧٥٦، ١١٤٦٥).","vol":"15","page":404},{"text":"ويَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: كَذا رَواه جَماعَة عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٥٩ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ مُجَوَّدًا فقالَ: عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ. وقال في آخِرِه: فقالَ: \"أعتِقْها؛ فإِنَّها مُؤمِنَةٌ\". حَدَّثَناه أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ ابنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن هِلالِ ابنِ أُسامَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَه.\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ في الكُهّانِ والطِّيَرَةِ (^٣).\nورَواه الزُّهرِىُّ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ في الكُهّانِ والطيَرَةِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3303>بابُ إعتاقِ الخَرساءِ إذا أشارَت بالإيمانِ وصَلَّت</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الجُوزْجانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٦)، والأم ٥/ ٢٨٠. وسيأتى في (٢٠٠٠٩).\n(^٢) سيأتى في (٢٠٠٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٣٣٩٥، ٣٣٩٧). وسيأتى في (١٦٥٨٧).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٦٥٨٦).","vol":"15","page":405},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بجاريَةٍ سَوداءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عليَّ (^١) رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً. فقالَ لَها: \"أينَ اللهُ؟ \". فأَشارَت إلَى السَّماءِ بإِصبَعِها، فقالَ لَها: \"فمَن أنا؟ \". فأشارَت إلَى النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وإِلَى السَّماءِ -تَعنى: أنتَ رسولُ اللهِ- فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أعتِقْها؛ فإِنها مُؤمِنَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعدانَ المِنقَرِىُّ يَعنى عامِرَ بنَ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عَونُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، حَدَّثَنى أبى، عن جَدِّى قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- بأَمَةٍ سَوداءَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عليَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً، أفَتَجزِى عَنِّى هذه؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن رَبُّكِ؟ \". قالَت: اللهُ رَبِّى. قال: \"فما دينُكِ؟ \". قالَت: الإسلامُ. قال: \"فمَن أنا؟ \". قالَت: أنتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فتُصَلّينَ الخَمسَ وتُقِرّينَ بما جِئتُ به مِن عِندِ اللهِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فضَرَبَ -ﷺ- على ظَهرِها وقالَ: \"أعتقِيها\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3304>بابُ وصفِ الإسلامِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"عتق\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٠٦) من طريق يزيد به. وينظر الحديث (١٥٣٦٣)، والسلسلة الصحيحة (٣١٦١).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٥٨.","vol":"15","page":406},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ هو ابنُ محمدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"أُقاتِلُ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فإِذا شَهِدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وآمَنوا بى وبِما جِئتُ به، فقَد عَصَموا مِنى دِماءَهُم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أتَى إلى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بجاريَةٍ له سَوداءَ فقالَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عليَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً، أفأُعتِقُ هذه؟ فقالَ لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أتَشهَدينَ أنْ لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أتَشهَدينَ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أتوقِنينَ بالبَعثِ مِن بَعدِ المَوتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"فأَعتِقْها\" (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد مَضَى مَوصولًا ببَعضِ مَعناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٨٣٠٢) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به. وابن حبان (١٧٤) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٣٧)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٦/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٧٧.\n(^٤) تقدم قريبًا في (١٥٣٥٨ - ١٥٣٦٠).","vol":"15","page":407},{"text":"١٥٣٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ العَقَبيُّ (^١)، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن الشَّريدِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ الثَّقَفِى قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أُمَّى أوصت إلَيَّ أن أُعتِقَ عَنها رَقَبَةً، وإنَّ عِندِى جاريَةً سَوداءَ نوبتَّةً. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ادعُ بها\". لقالَ: \"مَن رَبُّكِ؟ \". قالَت: اللهُ. قال: \"فمَن أنا؟ \". قالَت: رسولُ اللهِ. قال: \"أعتِقْها؛ فإِنَّها مُؤمِنَةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3305>بابٌ: لا تُجزِئُ في رَقَبَةٍ واجِبَةٍ رَقَبَةٌ تُشتَرَى بشَرطِ أن تُعتَقَ</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ سُئلَ عن الرَّقَبَةِ الواجِبَةِ، هَل تُشتَرَى بشَرطٍ؟ فقالَ: لا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3306>بابُ مَن له الكَفارَةُ بالصّيامِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ ﴿فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا﴾ [المجادلة: ٤].\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الصيفى\"، وفى ص ٨: \"العصى\"، وفى م: \"الضبعى\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢١٣، وقد تقدم على الصواب في (٣٨٥٧، ٦٧٣٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٦٥٥)، وابن حبان (١٨٩) من طريق هشام بن عبد الملك به. وأحمد (١٧٩٤٥)، وأبو داود (٣٢٨٣) من طريق حماد به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨١٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٦/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٧٨.","vol":"15","page":408},{"text":"١٥٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ والوَليدُ قالا: حدثنا أبو مَسعودٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن مَعمَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى خُوَيلَةُ بنتُ ثَعلَبَةَ -وكانَت تَحتَ أوسِ بنِ الصّامِتِ أخِى عُبادَةَ ابنِ الصّامِتِ- قالَت: دَخَلَ عليَّ فكَلَّمَنِى بشَئٍ وهو فيه كالضَّجِرِ، فرادَدتُه (^١) فغَضِبَ وقالَ: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمِّى. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى نادِى قَومِه، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيَّ فراوَدَنِي على نَفسِى فأَبَيتُ، فشادَّنِي فشادَدتُه، فغَلَبتُه بما تَغلِبُ المَرأَةُ الرَّجُلَ الضَّعيفَ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: والَّذِى نَفسُ خُوَيلَةَ بيَدِه لا تَصلُ إلَىَّ حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللَّهُ فىَّ وفيكَ. فأَتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أشكو إلَيه ما لَقِيتُ، فقالَ: \"زَوجُكِ وابنُ عَمِّكِ، اتَّقِى اللَّهَ وأَحسِنِى صُحبَتَه\". قالَت: فما بَرِحتُ حَتَّي أنزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا﴾. إلَى الكَفارَةِ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مُرِيهِ فليعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قالَت: واللَّهِ ما عِندَه رَقَبَةٌ يَملِكُها. قال: \"فليَصُمْ شَهرَينِ\". قالَت: قُلتُ: يارسولَ اللهِ، شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ ما به مِن صيامٍ. قال: \"فليُطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". فقُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما عِندَه ما يُطعِمُ. فقال: \"بَلَى سَنُعينُه بعَرَقٍ\". والعَرَقُ: المِكتَلُ (^٢) يَسَعُ فيه ثَلاثينَ صاعًا مِنَ التَّمرِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وأَنا أُعينُه بعَرَقٍ آخَرَ. قال: \"قَد أحسَنتِ، مُريه فليَتَصَدَّقْ\" (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فراودته\".\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"المكيل\". والمكتل: الزنبيل وهو ما يعمل من خوص يحمل فيه التمر وغيره. المصباح (ك ت ل).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢١٥) من طريق عبد العزيز بن يحيى به. وأحمد (٢٧٣١٩)، وابن حبان=","vol":"15","page":409},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3307>بابُ مَن دَخَلَ في الصَّومِ ثُمَّ أيسَرَ</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَويُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: السَّنَّةُ فيمَن صامَ مِنَ الشَّهرَينِ ثُمَّ أيسَرَ أن يمضِىَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3308>بابُ مَن له الكَفّارَةُ بالإِطعامِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى حَرمَلَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ خَوْلَةَ (^٢) بنتَ ثَعلَبَةَ كانَت تَحتَ أوسِ بنِ الصّامِتِ فتَظاهَرَ مِنها وكانَ به لَمَمٌ، فجاءَت رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فقالَت: إنَّ أوسًا تَظاهَرَ منها (^٣). وذَكَرَت أنَّ به لَمَمًا، فقالَت: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما جِئتُكَ إلا رَحمَةً له؛ إنَّ له فيَّ مَنافِعَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيهِما القُرآنَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-:\"مُرِيه فليعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". فقالَت: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما عِندَه رَقَبَةٌ ولا يَملِكُها. قالَ: \"مُرِيه يصومُ (^٤)\n_________\n= (٤٢٧٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٢٩٨٤: الحديث منكر، ومعمر لا يدرى من هو. وسيأتى في (١٥٣٧٦).\n(^١) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٨٠٠).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"خويلة\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"منى\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فليصم\".","vol":"15","page":410},{"text":"شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". فقالت: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لَو كَلَّفتَه ثَلاثَةَ أيامٍ ما استَطاعَ. وكانَ الحَرُّ، فقالَ: \"مُريه فليُطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". فقالَت: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَق ما يَقدِرُ عَلَيه. قال: \"مُريه فليَذهَبْ إلَى فُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ، فقَد أخبرَنِى أنَّ عِندَه شَطرَ تَمرٍ صَدَقَةً، فليأخُذْه صَدَقَةً عَلَيه ثُمَّ ليتَصدَّقْ به على سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\" (^١). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو شاهِدٌ لِلمَوصولِ قَبلَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3309>بابٌ: لا يُجزِئُه أن يُطعِمَ أقَلَّ مِن سِتّيَن مِسكينًا، كُلَّ مِسكينٍ مُدًّا مِن طَعامِ بَلَدِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ يَزيدَ الرِّياحِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ وأَبِى سلمةَ، أنَّ سلمةَ بنَ صَخرٍ البَياضيَّ جَعَلَ امرأتَه عَلَيه كَظَهرِ أُمَّه إن غَشِيَها حَتَّى يَمضىَ رَمَضانُ، فلَمّا مَضى النِّصفُ مِن رَمَضانَ سَمِنَتِ المَرأَةُ وتَرَبَّعَت فأَعجَبَته، فغَشِيَها لَيلًا، ثُمَّ أتَى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"أَعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قالَ: لا أجِدُ. قال: \"صُمْ شَهرَينِ مَتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أستَطيعُ. قال: \"أَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا أو سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقْ بهَذا على سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣١٦)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٥/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرنة (٤٥٣٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٠٠) من طريق على بن المبارك به، وقال: =","vol":"15","page":411},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن أبى عامِرٍ.\n\n١٥٣٧٠ - ورَواه شَيبانُ النَّحويُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن سلمةَ بنِ صَخرٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أعطاه مِكتَلًا فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، فقالَ: \"أطعِمْه سِتّينَ مِسكينًا [وذَلِكَ لِكُل مِسكينٍ مُدٌّ] (^١) \". أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى ابنُ هارونَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ راهُويَه، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ النَّحويُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال- يَعنى العَرَقَ: زَبِيلٌ (^٣) يأخُذُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٧٢ - ورُوىَ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن يَحيىَ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ سَلمانَ (^٥) بنَ صخرٍ البَياضِيَّ جَعَلَ امرأتَه عَلَيه كَظَهرِ أُمِّه حَتَّى يَمضِىَ\n_________\n= حديث حسن.\n(^١) في س: \"وكذلك رواه مسلم\"، وفى ص ٨: \"وكذلك مسلم\"، وفى م: \"وذلك لكل مسكين مدًّا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٤٨)، والمعرفة (٤٥٤٠). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٦ من طريق إسحاق ابن راهويه به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"زنبيل\". والزبيل والزنبيل والعَرَق والقُصَّة والمكتل والسفيفة كلها بمعنى واحد. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٧/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢١٦). وعنده: يعنى بالعرق زنبيلًا ...\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"سليمان\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٢.","vol":"15","page":412},{"text":"رَمَضانُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فأُتِي النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بمِكتَلٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، فدَفَعَه إلَيه وقالَ: \"اذهَبْ وأَطعِمْ هَذا سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". أَخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا الهِقْلُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ. فذَكَرَه. وهو خَطأٌ، المَشهورُ عن يَحيَى مُرسَلٌ دونَ ذِكرِ أبى هريرةَ فيهِ.\n\n١٥٣٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ صَخرٍ الأنصارِيِّ قال: كُنتُ امرأً قَد أوتيتُ مِن جِماعِ النِّساءِ ما لَم يُؤتَ غَيرِى، فلَمّا دَخَلَ رَمَضانُ ظاهَرتُ مِنِ امرأتِي مَخافَةَ أن أُصيبَ مِنها شَيئًا في بَعضِ اللَّيلِ وأَتَتابَعَ من ذَلِكَ ولا أستَطيعَ أن أنزعَ حَتَّى يُدرِكَنِى الصُّبحُ، فبَينا هِىَ ذاتَ ليَةٍ بحيالٍ مِنِّى، إذِ انكَشَفَ لِي مِنها شَئٌ فوَثَبتُ عَلَيها، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على قَومِى فأَخبَرتُهُم خَبَرِى، فقُلتُ: انطَلِقوا مَعِى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-. فقالوا: لا واللَّهِ لا نَذهَبُ مَعَكَ؛ نَخافُ أن يَنزِلَ فينا قرآنٌ، ويَقولَ فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مَقالَةً يَبقَى عَلَينا عارُها، فاذهَبْ أنتَ فاصنَعْ ما بَدا لَكَ. فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فأَخبَرتُه خَبَرِى، فقالَ: \"أنتَ ذاكَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: أنا ذاكَ، فاقضِ (^١) فيَّ حُكمَ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فأمض\".","vol":"15","page":413},{"text":"فإِنِّى صابِر مُحتَسِبٌ. قال: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَة\". فضَرَبتُ صَفحةَ عُنُقِ رَقَبَتى بيَدِى فقُلتُ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أصبَحتُ أملِكُ غَيرَها. قال: \"صمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وهَل أصابَنى ما أصابَنى إلا في الصّيامِ؟! قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَق لَقَد بتنا لَيلَتَنا هذه وَحْشًا (^١) ما نَجِدُ عَشاءً. قال: \"انطَلِقْ إلَى صاحِبِ الصَّدَقَةِ، صَدَقَةِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ فليَدفَعْها إلَيكَ، فأَطعِمْ مِنها وَسْقًا ستّينَ مِسكينًا واستَعِنْ بسائرِها على عِيالِكَ\". فأَتَيتُ قَومِى فقُلتُ: وجَدتُ عِندَكُمُ الضِّيقَ (^٢). كَذا رُوىَ مِن هَذا الوَجهِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ.\n\n١٥٣٧٤ - وقَد أخبَرَنيه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إجازَةً، أنَّ أبا الحَسَنِ ابنَ صَبيحٍ أخبَرَهُم، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"فاذهَبْ إلَى صاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِى زُرَيق فليَدفَعْ إلَيكَ وَسْقًا مِن تَمر، فأَطعِمْ ستّينَ مِسكينًا وكُلْ بَقيُه أنتَ وعِيالُك (^٣) \". وهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه يُعطى مِنَ الوَسْقِ سِتينَ مِسكينًا، ثُمَّ يأكُلُ بَقيَّتَه، يَعنى بَقيَّةَ الوَسْقِ.\nويَدُل عَلَيه أيضًا ما:\n_________\n(^١) أى: جائِعَيْن. ينظر معالم السنن ٣/ ٢٥١.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٣ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٢١)، والترمذى (٣٢٩٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٧٨) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وقال الترمذى: حسن. وتقدم في (١٥٣٤٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وأهلك\".","vol":"15","page":414},{"text":"١٥٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ السَّرحِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ بهَذا الخَبَرِ، قال: فأُتِي رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بتَمرٍ فأَعطاه إيّاه، وهو قَريبٌ مِن خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، فقالَ: \"تَصَدَّقْ بهَذا\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، على أفقَرَ مِنِّى ومِن أهلِى؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"كُلْه أنتَ وأَهلُكَ\" (^١).\nفهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ عن سُلَيمانَ موافِقَةٌ لِرِوايَةِ أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وابنِ ثَوبانَ في قِصَّةِ سلمةَ بنِ صَخرٍ، فهِىَ أولَى.\nوأَمّا حَديثُ أوسِ بنِ الصامِتِ فقَدِ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ فيه؛ فرُوىَ كما:\n\n١٥٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن مَعمَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ، عن خوَيلَةَ بنتِ مالكِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ قالَت: ظاهَرَ مِنِّى زَوجِى أوسُ بنُ الصّامِتِ، فجِئتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أشكو إلَيه، ورسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يُجادِلُنى فيه ويَقولُ: \"اتَّقِى اللَّهَ فإِنَّه (^٢) ابنُ عَمِّكِ\". فما بَرِحتُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ االقُرآنُ: ﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا﴾. قال: \"يُعتِقُ رَقَبَةً\". قالَت: لا يَجِدُ. قال: \"فيَصومُ شَهرَينِ مُتتابِعَينِ\". قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّه شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ ما به مِن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢١٧). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٣٧).\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"زوجك و\".","vol":"15","page":415},{"text":"صيامٍ. قال: \"فليُطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قلتُ (^١): ما عِندَه مِن شَئٍ يَتَصَدَّقُ به. قال: \"فإِنى سأُعينُه بعَرَقٍ مِن تَمر\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وأُعِينُه بعَرَقٍ آخَرَ. قال: \"قَد أحسَنتِ، اذهَبِى فأَطعِمِى بها عنه سِتّينَ مِسكينًا، وارجِعِى إلى ابنِ عَمِّكِ\". قال: والعَرَقُ سِتونَ صاعًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ بهَذا الإسنادِ نَحوَه، إلا أنَّه قال: والعَرَقُ مِكتَلٌ يَسَعُ ثَلاثينَ صاعًا. قال أبو داودَ: وهَذا أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قَرأتُ على ابنِ وزيرٍ المِصرِيَّ: حَدَّثَكُم بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدثنا عَطاءٌ، عن أوسٍ أخِى عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أعطاه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ إطعامَ سِتينَ مِسكينًا. قال أبو داودَ: وعَطاءٌ لَم يُدرِكْ أوسًا، وهو مِن أهلِ بَدرٍ قَديمُ المَوتِ، والحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص، ص ٨، م: \"قالت\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢١٤). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٣٤): حسن دون قوله: والعرق ...\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢١٥). وتقدم في (١٥٣٦٦). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٣٥): حسن دون قوله: والعرق ...\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٢١٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٣٨).","vol":"15","page":416},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ الثُّمالِيُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ظِهارِ أوسٍ، إلَى أن قال: ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ﴾. قالَت خوَيلَةُ: قُلتُ: وأَىُّ الرَّقَبَةِ لَنا؟! واللَّهِ ما يَخدُمُه غَيرِى. قال: ﴿فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ﴾. قالَت: واللَّهِ لَولا أنَّه يَشرَبُ في اليَومِ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ لَذَهَبَ بَصَرُه. قال: ﴿فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا﴾. قالَت: مِن أينَ؟ هِىَ الأُكلَةُ إلَى مِثلِها. فدَعا النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بشَطرِ وَسْقٍ؛ ثَلاثينَ صاعًا -والوَسْقُ سِتّونُ صاعًا- قال: \"ليُطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا وليَرجِعْكِ\" (^١).\nكَذا رَواه أبو حَمزَةَ الثُّمالِيُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\nورَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه، وقالَ في آخِرِه: فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قالَ: لا أجِدُ. قال: فأَتى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- شيءٌ مِن تَمرٍ -يُقالُ: خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. ويُقالُ: عِشرونَ صاعًا- فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"خُذْ هَذا فاقسِمْه\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أفقَرُ مِنِّى. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"كُلْه أنتَ وأَهلُكَ\".\n\n١٥٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ علىٍّ الغُجْدُوانِيُّ (^٣) ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٣٣٨).\n(^٢) هو ثابت بن أبى صفية، واسمه دينار، ويقال: سعيد، أبو حمزة الثمالى الأزدى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الكبير ١/ ١٧٢، والكامل ٢/ ٥٢٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٣٥٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١١٦: ضعيف رافضى.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"غجدوان: قرية من قرى بخارى\".","vol":"15","page":417},{"text":"حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَكّارِ بنِ الرَّيّانِ قالا: حدثنا حُدَيجُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الجُعفِيُّ أخو زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا حامِدُ (^١) ابنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا حُدَيجٌ (^٢)، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن خَولَةَ أنَّ زَوجَها دَعاها، وكانَت تُصَلِّى فأَبطأت عَلَيه، فقالَ: أنتِ عليَّ كَظَهرِ أُمَّى إن أنا وطِئتُكِ. فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فشَكَت ذَلِكَ إلَيه، ولَم يَبلُغِ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- في ذَلِكَ شَئٌ، ثُمَّ أتَته مَرَّةً أُخرَى، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أعتِقْ رَقَبَة\". فقالَ: لَيسَ عِندِى ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"صُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". ققال: لا أستَطيعُ ذَلِكَ. قال: \"فأَطعِمْ سِتينَ مِسكينًا ثَلاثينَ صاعًا\". قال: لَستُ أملِكُ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ إلا أن تُعينَنِى. قال: فأَعانَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، وأَعانَه الناسُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ثَلاثينَ صاعًا، وقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أطعِم سِتينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أحَدٌ أفقَرُ إلَيه مِنِّى وأَهلِ بَيتى. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"خُذْه أنتَ وأهلُ بيتك\". فأَخَذَه (^٣). كَذا رَواه حُدَيجُ (٢) بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ.\nورَواه إسرائيلُ عن أبى إسحاقَ ولَم يَقُلْ: عن خَولَةَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ في الحديثِ ثَلاثينَ صاعًا، وقالَ: فأَعانَه النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. لَم يَزِدْ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حميد\". وفى حاشيته كالمثبت، وقد تقدم مرارًا كالمثبت.\n(^٢) في س: \"خديج\". وينظر الإكمال ٢/ ٣٩٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٥/ ٢٢٣ (٧٦٤٧) من طريق حديج بن معاوية به. والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٤٧ (٦٣٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق السبيعى به.","vol":"15","page":418},{"text":"عَلَيه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فَقرَه، وأَنَّه أمَرَه بأَكلِه.\nورُوِّينا عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى: أعانَه النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن شَعيرٍ. وكَذا قال عَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ (^١)، وقالَ أبو يَزيدَ المَدَنِىُّ: أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت بشَطرِ وسْقٍ مِن شَعيرٍ، فأَعطاه النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-، أىْ مُدَّينِ مِن شَعيرٍ مَكانَ مُدٍّ مِن بُرٍّ (^٢).\nفهَذِه رِواياتٌ مُختَلِفَةٌ وأَكثَرُها مَراسيلُ، وقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الصّيامِ في حَديثِ المُجامِعِ مِن أوجُهٍ قَويَّةٍ ما دَلَّ على ما قُلناه (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أنبأنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ أنَّ الحَسَنَ بنَ علىِّ بنِ رَوحِ الدِّمَشقِيَّ حَدَّثَهُم: حدثنا القاسِمُ بن عثمانَ الجُوعِيُّ، حدثنا مَسرورُ (^٤) بنُ صَدَقَةَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَلَكتُ. قال: \"ويحَكَ، وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى في يَومٍ مِن شَهرِ رَمَضانَ. قال: \"أعِتقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُها. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: ما أستَطيعُ. دال: \"فأَطعِمْ ستينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِى النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، قال: \"خُذْه فتَصَدَّقْ به\". قال: على أفقَرَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الدر المنثور ١٤/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٥٠٣ - بغية)، وينظر الدر المنثور ١٤/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨١١٩) وما بعده.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"مسروق\". وهو أبو صدقة مسرور بن صدقة الحارثى الدمشقى. ينظر تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ٣٩٤.","vol":"15","page":419},{"text":"أهلِى؟! فو اللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ أحوَجُ مِن أهلِى. قال: فضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه (^١) قال: \"خُذْه واستَغفِرِ اللهَ وأَطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه دُحَيمٌ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الهِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن طَلْقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ: أتَّى النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- رَجُل فقالَ: إنِّى وقَعتُ على أهلِى في رَمَضانَ. قال: \"حَرِّرْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: \"صُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: لا أستَطيعُ قال: \"فتَصدَّقْ على سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجدُ. فأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بمِكتَلٍ يَكونُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ، يَكونُ سِتّينَ رُبُعًا، فأَعطاه إيّاه فقالَ له: \"أطعِمْ هَذا سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، واللَّهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها أهلُ بَيتٍ أحوَجُ مِنا. فقالَ له: \"اذهَبْ فأَطعِمْه أهلَكَ\" (^٤).\nفي هَذا المُرسَلِ تأكيدٌ لِلرِّوايَةِ المَوصولَةِ، وهَذا أولَى مِن رِوايَةِ عَطاءٍ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"نواجذه\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨١١٩).\n(^٣) تقدم من طريق دحيم في (٨١٢٦)، ومن طريق الهقل في (٩٩٨٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٠١)، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٠/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥ من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"15","page":420},{"text":"الخُراسانِيِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ بالشَّكِّ في خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ أو عِشرينَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوىَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن أبنِ المُسَيَّبِ: خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ. بلا شَك (^٢).\nوسنَروى إن شاءَ اللهُ في كِتابِ الأيمانِ الآثارَ عن الصحابَةِ في جَوازِ التَّصَدُّقِ بمُدٍّ على كُلِّ مِسكينٍ، وباللَّهِ التوفيقُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨١٤١). وسيأتى في (١٥٧٩٩، ١٩٩٩٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨١٣٨). وسيأتى في (١٩٩٩٤).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٩٩٩٦ - ٢٠٠٠١).","vol":"15","page":421},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3310>كتابُ اللِّعانِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3311>بابُ الزَّوجِ يَقذِف امرأتَه فيَخرُجُ مِن مُوجَب قَدفِه بأَن يأتِىَ بأَربَعَةٍ من الشهودِ فيَشْهَدونَ عَلَيها بالزِّنَى أو يَلتَعِنَ</span>\n\n١٥٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، وأخبرَنا القاسِمُ ابنُ زَكَريّا وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى وابنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ الوزَّانُ (^١) قالوا: حدثنا بُندارُ ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ هِلالَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امرأتَه بشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"البَيِّنَة أو حَدٌّ في ظَهرِكَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إذا رأى أحَدُنا رَجُلًا على امرأتِه، أيَلتَمِسُ البَيِّنَةَ؟! فجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"البَيِّنَةَ وإلَّا حَدٌّ في ظَهرِكَ\". فقالَ هِلالٌ: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ إنِّى لَصادِق، ولَيُنزِلَنَ اللهُ في أمرِى ما يُبرِئُ ظَهرِى مِنَ الحَدِّ. فنَزَلَ جِبريلُ ﵇ ونَزَلَت: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ﴾، فقَرأ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ [النور: ٦ - ٩]. قال: فانصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فأَرسَلَ إلَيهِما فجاءا فقامَ هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فشَهِدَ والنَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنّ اللَّهَ يَعلَم أنّ أحَدَكما كاذِبٌ، فهَل مِنكُما تائبٌ؟ \". ثُمَّ قامَت فشَهِدَت، فلَمّا كان عِندَ الخامِسَةِ: ﴿أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾. قالوا لَها: إنَّها موجِبَةٌ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الوراق\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٣٩٩، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٤٨٠.","vol":"15","page":423},{"text":"فتَلَكأَت ونكَصَت (^١)، حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّها سَتَرجِعُ، ثُمَّ قالَت: لا أفضحُ قَومِى سائرَ اليَومِ. فمَضَت فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"انظُروها؛ فإِن جاءَت به أكحَلَ العَينَينِ، سابغَ الأليتَينِ، خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ (^٢)، فهو لِشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ\". فجاءَت به كَذَلِكَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَولا ما مَضى مِن كتابِ اللَّهِ لكانَ لِى ولَها شأنٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشارٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُس بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ﴾ [النور: ٤] إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فقالَ سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ: أهَكَذا أُنزِلَت؟ فلَو وجَدتُ لَكاعًا مُتَفَخِّذُها رَجُلٌ، لَم يَكُنْ لي أن أُحَرِّكَه ولا أَهيجَه حَتَّى آتِيَ بأَربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ؟! فو اللَّهِ لا آتِيَ بأَربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ حَتَى يَقضِىَ حاجَتَه! فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ\" ألا تَسمَعونَ ما يقولُ سَيِّدكُم؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لا تَلُمْه؛ فإِنَّه رَجُلٌ غَيورٌ، واللَّهِ ما تَزَوَّجَ فينا قَط إلا عَذراءَ، ولا طَلَّقَ امرأةً له فاجتَرأ رَجُلٌ مِنا أن يَتَزَوَّجَها مِن شِدَّةِ غَيرَتِه. قال سَعدٌ: واللَّهِ إنِّى لأعلَمُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّها الحَقُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) الخدلج الساقين: الغليظهما. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٣١٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٦٧) عن محمد بن بشار به. وسيأتي في (٢١٣١٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٧٤٧).","vol":"15","page":424},{"text":"وأَنَّها مِن عِندِ اللهِ، ولَكِنِّى عَجِبتُ. فبَينا رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- كَذَلِكَ إذ جاءَ هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ الواقِفِيُّ، وهو أحَدُ الثَّلاثَةِ الَّذينَ تابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيهِم، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى جِئتُ البارِحَةَ عِشاءً مِن حائطٍ لِى كُنتُ فيه، فرأيتُ عِندَ أهلِى رَجُلًا ورأيتُ بعَينَيَّ وسَمِعتُ بأُذُنَيَّ. فكَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ما جاءَ به فقيلَ: يُجلَدُ هِلال وتُبطَلُ شَهادَتُه في المُسلِمينَ. فقالَ هِلالٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، واللَّهِ إنِّى لأرَى في وجهِكَ أنَّكَ تَكرَهُ ما جِئتُ به، وإِنِّى لأرجو أن يَجعَلَ اللَّهُ لِى فرَجًا. قال: فبَينَا رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- كَذَلِكَ إذ نَزَلَ عَلَيه الوَحي، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إذا نَزَلَ عَلَيه الوَحيُ تَرَبَّدَ (^١) لِذَلِكَ خَدُّه ووَجهُه، وأَمسَكَ عنه أصحابُه فلَم يُكلِّمْه أحَدٌ مِنهُم، فلَمّا رُفِعَ الوَحيُ قال: \"أبشِرْ يا هِلالُ\". قالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"ادعوها\". فدُعيَت، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يَعَلَمُ أنَّ أحَدَكُما كاذِبٌ، فهَل مِنكُما تائبٌ؟ \". فقالَ هِلال -﵁-: واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما قُلتُ إلا حَقًّا، ولَقَد صَدَقتُ. قال: فقالَت هِيَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ: كَذَبَ. قال: فقيلَ لِهِلالٍ: تَشهَدُ أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّكَ لَمِنَ الصّادِقينَ، وقيلَ له عِندَ الخامِسَةِ: يا هِلالُ اتَّقِ اللهَ؛ فإِنَّ عَذابَ اللَّهِ أشدُّ مِن عَذابِ الناسِ، وإِنَّ هذه الموجِبَةُ التى توجِبُ عَلَيكَ العَذابَ. فَقالَ: واللَّهِ لا يُعَذَبُنِي اللهُ أبَدًا كما لَم يَجلِدْنِى عَلَيها. قال: فشَهِدَ الخامِسَةَ؛ أنَّ لَعنَةَ اللَّهِ عليه إن كان مِنَ الكاذِبينَ. وقيلَ: اشهَدِى أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ. وقيلَ لَها عِندَ الخامِسَةِ: يا هذه اتَّقِى اللهَ؛ فإِنَّ عَذابَ اللهِ أشَدُّ مِن عَذابِ النّاسِ، وإِنَّ هذه الموجِبَةُ\n_________\n(^١) تربد لونه: أى تلوَّن وصار كلون الرماد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٣٧٣.","vol":"15","page":425},{"text":"التى توجِبُ عَلَيكِ العَذابَ. فتلكّأَت (^١) ساعَةً، ثُمَّ قالَت: واللَّهِ لا أفضَحُ قَومِى. فشَهِدَتِ الخامِسَةَ أنَّ غَضَبَ اللهِ عَلَيها إن كان مِنَ الصّادِقينَ. قال: وقَضى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ألَّا تُرمَى ولا يُرمَى ولَدُها، ومَن رَماها أو رَمَى ولَدَها جُلِدَ الحَدَّ، ولَيسَ لَها عَلَيه قوتٌ ولا سُكنَى؛ مِن أجلِ أنَّهُما يَتَفَرَّقانِ بغَيرِ طَلاقٍ ولا مُتَوَفًّى عَنها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"أبصِروها (^٢) فإِن جاءَت به أُثَيبِجَ، أُصَيهِبَ، أُرَيسِحَ، حَمْشَ السّاقَينِ، فهو لِهِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وإن جاءَت به خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ، سابغَ الأليتَينِ، أورَقَ جَعدًا جُمَاليًّا، فهو لِصاحِبِه (^٣) \". قال: فجاءَت به أورَقَ جَعدًا جُمَاليًّا، خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ، سابغَ الأليَتَينِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لَولا الأيمانُ لكانَ لِى ولَها أمرٌ\". قال عَبّادٌ: فسَمِعتُ عِكرِمَةَ يقولُ: لَقَد رأيتُه أميرَ مِصرٍ مِنَ الأمصارِ ولا يُدرَى مَن أبوه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فسكتت\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"انظروها\".\n(^٣) الأثيبج: تصغير أثبج، وهو الناتئ الثبج، والثبج: ما بين الكاهل ووسط الظهر، وهو من كل شئ وسطه وأعلاه. والأصيهب تصغير الأصهب، وهو الذى في شعر رأسه حمرة. والأريسح: تصغير الأرسح، وهو خفيف الأليتين. وحمش الساقين: دقيقهما. والأورق: الذى لونه بين السواد والغبرة. والجعد: أن يكون شديد الاسر والخلق، أو يكون جعد الشعر، وهو ضد السبط، وإما أن يكون صفة ذم بمعنى القصير المتردد الخلق، والجمالى: عظيم الخلق، شبه خلقه بخلق الجمل. ينظر: غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٩٨، ٩٩، وغريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٣٧٥، والفائق ٢/ ٣٢٢، والنهاية ١/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٧٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٩) من طريق عباد بن منصور به.","vol":"15","page":426},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3312>بابُ مَن يُلاعِنُ مِنَ الأزواجِ ومَن لا يُلاعِنُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَمّا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ اللِّعانَ على الأزواجِ مُطلَقًا، كان اللِّعانُ على كُلِّ زَوجٍ جازَ طَلاقُه ولَزِمَه الفَرضُ، وكَذَلِكَ على كُلِّ زَوجَةٍ لَزِمَها الفَرضُ (^١).\n\n١٥٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: جاءَ هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ اللِّعانِ بطولِها، وفِى آخِرِها: قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَولا الأيمانُ لَكانَ لِى ولَها شأنٌ\" (^٢).\nقال الإمام أحمدُ: فسَمَّى اللِّعانَ يَمينًا.\n\n١٥٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ ابنِ خَلَفٍ القاضى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المرْوَرُّوذيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لَمّا قَذَفَ هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ امرأتَه قيلَ له: واللَّهِ ليجلِدنَّكَ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٨٦.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩٦)، وسيأتى في (١٥٤٤٤).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م: \"المروزي\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، ص ٨. وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٢٦٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٤٧١، والتقريب ١/ ١٧٩.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"ليحدنك\".","vol":"15","page":427},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثَمانينَ جَلدَةً. قال: اللَّهُ أعدَلُ مِن ذَلِكَ؛ أن يَضرِبَنِى ثَمانينَ ضَربَةً وقَد عَلِمَ أنِّى رأيتُ حَتَّى استيقنتُ (^١)، وسَمِعتُ حَتَّى استثبتُ (^٢)، لا واللَّهِ لا يَضرِبُنِى أبَدًا. فنَزَلَت آيَةُ المُلاعَنَةِ، فدَعا بهما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ فقالَ: \"اللَّهُ يَعلَمُ أنَّ أحَدَكُما كاذِبٌ، فهَل مِنكُما تائبٌ؟ \". فقالَ هِلالٌ: واللهِ إنِّى لَصادِقٌ. فقالَ له: \"احلِفْ: باللَّهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو؛ إنِّى لَصادِقٌ -تَقولُ ذَلِكَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ- فإِن كُنتُ كاذِبًا فعَلَيَّ لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ\". فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قِفوه عِندَ الخامِسَةِ؛ فإِنَّها موجِبَةٌ\". فحَلَفَ، ثُمَّ قالَت أربَعًا: واللَّهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو إنَّه لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ، فإِن كان صادِقًا فعَلَيها غَضَبُ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قِفوها عِندَ الخامِسَةِ؛ فإِنَّها موجِبَةٌ\". فتَرَدَّدَت وهَمَّت بالاعتِرافِ، ثُمَّ قالَت: لا أفضَحُ قَومِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن جاءَتَ وبه أكحَلَ أدعَجَ، سابغَ الأليَتَينِ، ألَفَّ الفَخِذَينِ، خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ، فهو لِلَّذِى رُميَت به، وإن جاءَت به أصفَرَ قَضِيفًا (^٣) سَبْطًا (^٤) فهو لِهِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ\". فجاءَت به على صِفَةِ البَغِىِّ. قال أيّوبُ: وقالَ محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ: كان الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى قَذَفَها به هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ شَريكَ ابنَ سَحماءَ، وكانَ أخا البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ أخِى أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ لأبيه (^٥)، وكانَت أُمُّه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"استوثقت\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"استبنت\".\n(^٣) القضيف: النحيف لا من هزال. يظر التاج ٢٤/ ٢٦٥ (ق ض ف).\n(^٤) السبط: ممتد الأعضاء تام الخَلْق، ويكرن في الشعر بمعنى الانبساط والاسترسال. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٣٤.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"لأمه\". وهى كذلك في المستدرك. وشريك أخو البراء لأمه، والبراء أخو أنس لأبيه. ينظر الإصابة ١/ ٥٢١، ٥/ ١١٩.","vol":"15","page":428},{"text":"سَوداءَ، وكانَ شَريكٌ يأوى إلَى مَنزِلِ هِلالٍ ويَكونُ عِندَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: فسَمَّى كَلِمَةَ اللِّعانِ حَلِفًا.\n\n١٥٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى والحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَّقَ بَينَ رَجُلٍ وامرأتِه مِنَ الأنصارِ قَذَفَ امرأتَه؛ أحلَفَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ فرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن جوَيريَةَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن يونُسَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ قال: يُلاعِنُ كُلُّ زَوجٍ (^٤).\nوفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبى العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قالوا: رَوَى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"أربَعٌ لا لِعانَ بَينَهُنَّ وبَينَ أزواجِهِنَّ؛ اليَهوديَّةُ والنَّصرانيَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والحُرَّةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ، والأمَةُ عِندَ الحُرِّ، والنَّصرانيَّةُ عِندَ النَّصرانِىِّ\". فقُلنا لَهُم: رَوَيتُم هَذا عن رَجُلٍ مَجهولٍ ورَجُلٍ غَلِطَ، وعَمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو مُنقَطِعٌ، واللَّذانِ رَوَيا يقولُ أحَدُهُما: عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٨) من طريق حسين بن محمد به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٩٨) من طريق نافع به بنحوه. وسيأتى في (١٥٤١٦، ١٥٤٢٩، ١٥٤٤١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٠٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٠٦).","vol":"15","page":429},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. والآخَرُ يَقِفُه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو؛ فهو لا يَثبُتُ عن عمرٍو ولا عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، ولا يَبلُغُ به النبىَّ -ﷺ- إلَّا رَجُلٌ غَلِطَ. قال: وعَمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ قَد رَوَى لَنا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أحكامًا توافِقُ أقاويلَنا وتُخالِفُ أقاويلَكُم، يَرويها عنه الثِّقاتُ فيُسنِدُها إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فرَدَدتُموها عَلَينا ورَدَدتُم رِوايَتَه ونَسَبتُموه إلَى الغَلَطِ، فأَنتُم مَحجوجونَ، إن كان مِمَّن يَثبُتُ حَديثُه، بأَحاديثِه التى وافَقناها وخالَفتُموها في نَحوٍ مِن ثَلاثينَ حُكمًا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- خالَفتُم أكثَرَها، فأَنتُم غَيرُ مُنصِفينَ إنِ احتَجَجتُم برِوايَتِه -وهو مِمَّن لا نُثبِتُ رِوايَتَه- ثُمَّ احتَجَجتُم مِنها بما لَو كان ثابِتًا عنه، وهو مِمَّن يَثبُتُ حَديثُه، لَم نُثبِتْه؛ لأنَّه مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَه وبَينَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^١).\n\n١٥٣٨٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَزيدَ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن ابنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أربَعٌ مِنَ النِّساءِ لا مُلاعَنَةَ بَينَهُم؛ النَّصرانيَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، واليَهوديَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والمَملوكَةُ تَحتَ الحُرِّ، والحُرَّةُ تَحتَ المَملوكِ\" (^٢). قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ: هَذا عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىُّ، وهو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٤٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٣٣. وأخرج عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٠٨) حديث عمرو بن شعيب عن عبد الله بن عمرو.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٧١) من طريق ضمرة بن ربيعة به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٤٩).","vol":"15","page":430},{"text":"ضعيفُ الحديثِ جِدًّا، وتابَعَه ابنُ بَزِيعٍ (^١) عن عطاءٍ الخراسانِىِّ، وهو ضعيفٌ أيضًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ بَزيعٍ الرَّملِىُّ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه.\nقال الشيخُ: وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِىُّ أيضًا غَيرُ قَوىٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٣٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ بنِ يَزيدَ أبو الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤) الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أربَعَةٌ لَيسَ بَينَهُم لِعانٌ؛ لَيسَ بَينَ الحُرِّ والأمَةِ لِعانٌ، ولَيسَ بَينَ الحُرَّةِ والعَبدِ لِعانٌ، ولَيسَ بَينَ المُسلِمِ واليَهوديَّةِ لِعانٌ، ولَيسَ بَينَ المُسلِمِ والنَّصرانيَّةِ لِعانٌ\". قال أبو\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"الرملى\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٣. وتقدم كلام المصنف على عثمان بن عطاء في (١٣١٩٦)، وأما ابن بزيع فهو يزيد بن بزيع الرملى ينظر الكلام عليه في: تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٤٤٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٢٠٧، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٤٧.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٩٢١٩).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ١٧٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٤٢٥.","vol":"15","page":431},{"text":"الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ: عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ هو الوَقّاصِىُّ مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: الوَقّاصِىُّ اسمُه عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n١٥٣٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الرُّهاوىُّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى فروَةَ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عَمّارُ (^٣) بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ عَتّابَ بنَ أَسِيدٍ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه. قال علىٌّ: حَمّادُ بنُ عمرٍو وعَمّارُ (^٣) بنُ مَطَرٍ وزيدُ بنُ رُفَيعٍ ضُعَفاءُ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه عن يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ والبُخارِىِّ في حَمّادِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٥).\nقالَ الدّارَقُطنىُّ: ورُوىَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ والأوزاعِىِّ -وهُما إمامانِ- عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه قَولَه لَم يَرفَعاه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٢.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين - رواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٦١ (١٧٦٠).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"عثمان\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٤.\n(^٥) ينظر الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ص ٣٨، وتاريخ الدارمى ص ٩٠ (٢٢٨). وتاريخ بغداد ٨/ ١٥٣.","vol":"15","page":432},{"text":"١٥٣٩٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ العباسِ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سعيدٍ الكسائىُّ (^١)، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ والأوزاعِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أربَعٌ لَيسَ بَينَهُنَّ وبَينَ أزواجِهِنَّ لِعانٌ؛ اليَهوديَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والنَّصرانيَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والحُرَّةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ، والأمَةُ تَحتَ الحُرِّ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَوى (^٣) يَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن عمرٍو.\n\n١٥٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو -﵄- يقولُ: أربَعٌ مِنَ النِّساءِ ليس بَينَهُنَّ وبَينَ أزواجِهِنَّ مُلاعَنَةٌ؛ النَّصرانيَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والأمَةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ، والأمَةُ تَحتَ الحُرِّ، والحُرَّةُ تَحتَ العَبدِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى ثُبوتِ هَذا مَوقوفًا أيضًا نَظَرٌ؛ فراوى الأوَّلِ عُمَرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الكنانى\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٣/ ١٢١٥.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٤.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"رواه\".","vol":"15","page":433},{"text":"هارونَ ولَيسَ بالقَوىِّ (^١)، وراوى الثّانِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ وهو مَتروكٌ (^٢)، وأَمّا الَّذِى قالَ الشّافِعِىُّ مِن أنَّه مُنقَطِعٌ فلَعَلَّه نُقِلَ إلَى الشّافِعِىِّ كما حَكاه عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، وذَلِكَ مُنقَطِعٌ لا شَكَّ فيه، ولَكِن مَن رَواه مَرفوعًا و(^٣) مَوقوفًا إنَّما رَواه عن عمرٍو عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، وذَلِكَ مَوصولٌ عِندَ أهلِ الحديثِ؛ فقَد سَمَّى بَعضُهُم في هَذا جَدَّه فقالَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو. وسَماعُ شُعَيبِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ صَحيحٌ مِن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ، لَكِن يَجِبُ أن يَكونَ الإسنادُ إلى عمرٍو صَحيحًا، ولَم تَصِحَّ أسانيدُ هَذا الحديثِ إلَى عمرٍو، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٣٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنى يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الأيلِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عَتّابَ ابنَ أَسِيدٍ، إنِّى قَد بَعَثتُكَ على (^٤) أهلِ مَكَّةَ، فانهَهُم عن كَذا\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"أربَعَة لَيسَ بَينَهُم مُلاعَنَةٌ؛ اليَهوديَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والنَّصرانيَّةُ تَحتَ المُسلِمِ، والعَبدُ عِندَه الحُرَّةُ، والحُرُّ عِندَه الأمَةُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٢٤١٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٦٨٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أو\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٥) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧٠٠.","vol":"15","page":434},{"text":"وهَذا الحَديثُ بهَذا الإسنادِ باطِلٌ؛ يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الأيلِىُّ أحاديثُه غَيرُ مَحفوظَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3313>بابُ أينَ يَكونُ اللِّعانُ</span>؟\n\n١٥٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ في المُتَلاعِنَينِ عن حَديثِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ أحَدِ بَنِى ساعِدَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ إن وجَدَ رَجُلٌ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، ما يَفعَلُ بهِ؟ [قال: فنزَل في شأنِه ما ذُكر من المتلاعنين] (^٢)، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَضَى اللَّهُ فيكَ وفِى امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنَا في المَسجِدِ وأَنا شاهِدٌ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ ابنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ وفُلَيحِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٧٠٠، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٣٧.\n(^٢) في س: \"فنزلت في آية اللعان\"، وفى ص ٨: \"قال فنزل في آية اللعان\"، وفى م: \"فنزلت فيه آية اللعان\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٢٤٤٦)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٤٤٦٩). وسيأتى في (١٥٤٠٤) من طريق ابن جريج دون ذكر المسجد.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٢٣، ٥٣٠٩)، ومسلم (١٤٩٢/ ٣).","vol":"15","page":435},{"text":"سَهلٍ في هَذا الحديثِ: قال: فتَلاعَنا وأَنا مَعَ النّاسِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أو غَيرِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ الزَّوجَ والمَرأَةَ فحَلَفا بَعدَ العَصرِ عِندَ المِنبَرِ (^٢). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وإِنَّما بَلَغَنا مَوصولًا مِن جِهَةِ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىِّ، وهو ضعيفٌ (^٣):\n\n١٥٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ موسَى بنِ عيسَى القارِئُ، حدثنا قَعنَبُ بنُ مُحْرِزٍ (^٤) أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ يقولُ: حَضرتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ لاعَنَ بَينَ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ وامرأتِه مَرجِعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن تَبوكَ، فأَنكَرَ حَملَها الَّذِى في بَطنِها وقالَ: هو مِنَ ابنِ السَّحماءِ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هاتِ امرأتَكَ؛ فقَد نَزَلَ القُرآنُ فيكُما\". فلاعَنَ بَينَهُما بَعدَ العَصرِ عِندَ المِنبَرِ على حَمْلٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى قريبًا.\n(^٢) وعزاه في التلخيص الحبير ٣/ ٤٩٣ عقب (١٦٣٥) لابن وهب، ومن طريقه الرويانى ٢/ ٢٢٢ عقب (١٠٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"محرر\" بتكرير الراء، وهو كذلك في المؤتلف والمختلف ٤/ ٢٠٦٣، وتوضيح المشتبه ٨/ ٧٤، وذكر ابن ماكولا في الإكمال ٧/ ٢١٨ أنه مختلف فيه.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٥٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٧.","vol":"15","page":436},{"text":"١٥٣٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا علىٌّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى الخَوّاصُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِىُّ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ بهَذا الإسنادِ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n١٥٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن [هاشمِ بنِ] (^٢) هاشِمِ بنِ هاشِمِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عن [عبدِاللَّهِ] (^٣) بنِ نِسْطاسٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّلَمِىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على مِنبَرِى هَذا بيَمينٍ آثِمَةٍ تَبَوّأَ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٥٣٩٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ نافِعِ بنِ إسحاقَ الخُزاعِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَنَدِىُّ، حدثنا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ القاضى، حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ ابنُ هاشِمِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نِسطاسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحلِفُ رَجُلٌ على يَمينٍ آثِمَةٍ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م. وهو هاشم بن هاشم بن عتبة، ويقال: هاشم بن هاشم بن هاشم بن عتبة. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ١٣٧.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"عبيد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٢٢١.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ١٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٢٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٧٠٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٦٠١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٣٦٨). وسيأتى في (٢٠٧٢٩).","vol":"15","page":437},{"text":"هَذا المِنبَرِ إلَّا تَبَوّأ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ، ولَو على سِواكٍ أخضَرَ\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3314>بابُ سُنَّةِ اللِّعانِ ونَفىِ الوَلَدِ وإِلحاقِه بالأُمِّ وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٥٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، أنَّ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عوَيمِرَ العَجلانِىَّ جاءَ إلَى عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ الأنصارِىِّ فقالَ له: أرأيتَ يا عاصِمُ لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه، أم كَيفَ يَفعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِى يا عاصِمُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ. فسألَ عاصِمٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ، فكَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَسائلَ وعابَها، حَتَّى كَبُرَ على عاصِمٍ ما سَمِعَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا رَجَعَ عاصِمٌ إلَى أهلِه جاءَه عوَيمِرٌ فقالَ: يا عاصِمُ، ماذا قال لَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ عاصِمٌ لِعوَيمِرٍ: لَم تأتِ بخَيرٍ، قَد كَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ المَسأَلَةَ التى سألتُه عَنها. فقالَ عوَيمِرٌ: واللَّهِ لا أنتَهِى حَتَّى أسأَلَه عَنها. فأَقبَلَ عوَيمِرٌ حَتَّى أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وسَطَ النّاسِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَهُ، أم كَيفَ يَفعلُ (^١)؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أنزَلَ اللَّهُ فيكَ وفِى صاحِبَتِكَ، فاذهَبْ فأْتِ بها\". فقالَ سَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ: فتَلاعَنَا [وأنا مَعَ النّاسِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-] (^٢)، فلَمّا فرَغا قال عوَيمِرٌ: كَذَبتُ عَلَيها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إن أمسَكتُها. فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يصنع\".\n(^٢) في س، م بتأخير قوله: \"وأنا مع الناس\" عن قوله: \"-ﷺ-\".","vol":"15","page":438},{"text":"يأمُرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فكانَت تِلكَ سُنَّةَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِىُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ: عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ ابنِ سَعدٍ أخبَرَه قال: جاءَ عوَيمِرٌ العَجلانِىُّ إلَى عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ فقالَ: يا عاصِمَ بنَ عَدِىٍّ، سَلْ لِى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن رَجُلٍ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَهُ، أيُقتَلُ به أم كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ [فسألَ عاصِمٌ] (^٤) النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فعابَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- المَسائلَ، فلَقِيَه عوَيمِرٌ فقالَ: ما صَنَعتَ؟ قال (^٥): صَنَعتُ أنَّكَ لَم تأتِنِى بخَيرٍ؛ سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعابَ المَسائلَ. قال عوَيمِرٌ: واللَّهِ لآتيَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولأسأَلَنَّه. فأَتاه فوَجَدَه قَد أُنزِلَ عَلَيه فيهِما، فدَعاهُما فلاعَنَ بَينَهُما، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٠٤٢).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٥٦٦.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٢٥٩، ٥٣٠٨)، ومسلم (١٤٩٢/ ١).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"قال عاصم: فسألت\".\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"ما\".","vol":"15","page":439},{"text":"عوَيمِرٌ: لَئنِ انطَلَقتُ بها لَقَد كَذَبتُ عَلَيها. ففارَقَها قَبلَ أن يأمُرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروها فإِن جاءَت به أسحَمَ (^١) أدعَجَ، عَظيمَ الأليَتَينِ، فما أُراه إلَّا قَد صَدَقَ، وإِن جاءَت به أُحَيمِرَ كأنَّه وحَرَةٌ (^٢) فلا أُراه إلَّا كاذِبًا\". فجاءَت به على النَّعتِ المَكروهِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فصارَت سُنَّةَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ عوَيمِرًا جاءَ إلَى عاصِمٍ فقالَ: أرأيتَ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَه، أتَقتُلونَهُ؟ سَلْ لِى يا عاصِمُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- - فسألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فكَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَسائلَ وعابَها، فرَجَعَ عاصِمٌ إلَى عوَيمِرٍ فأَخبَرَه أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كَرِهَ المَسائلَ وعابَها، فقالَ عوَيمِرٌ: واللَّهِ لآتيَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فجاءَ (^٤) وقَد نَزَلَ القُرآنُ خِلافَ عاصِمٍ (^٥)، فسألَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"قَد نَزَلَ فيكُما القُرآنُ\" فتَقَدَّما فتَلاعَنا، ثُمَّ قال: كَذَبتُ عَلَيها إذا (^٦) أمسَكتُها. ففارَقَها وما أمَرَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فمَضَت سُنَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) الأسحم: الأسود. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٨.\n(^٢) الوَحرَة: قيل: هو الوزغة، وقيل: نوع من الوزغ يكون في الصحارى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨١.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٥٢)، والمعرفة (١٥٧٠٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٥، ٢٨٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٣٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"رسول الله -ﷺ- \".\n(^٥) خلاف الشئ: بعده. النهاية ٢/ ٦٦.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨، م: \"إن\".","vol":"15","page":440},{"text":"المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروها؛ فإِن جاءَت به أحمَرَ قصيرًا كأنَّه وحَرَةٌ فلا أحسِبُه إلَّا قَد كَذَبَ عَلَيها، وإن جاءَت به أسحَمَ أعيَنَ ذا أليتَينِ فلا أحسِبُه إلَّا قَد صَدَقَ عَلَيها\". فجاءَت به على النَّعتِ المَكروهِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ أحدِ (^٢) بَنِى ساعِدَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه، أم كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ في شأنِه ما ذُكِرَ في القُرآنِ مِن أمرِ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٣). قال: [فقال له] (^٤) النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد قُضِىَ فيكَ وفِى امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنا وأَنا شاهِدٌ، ثُمَّ فارَقَها عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فكانَت سُنَّةً بَعدَهُما أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ (^٥) المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وكانَت حامِلًا فأَنكَرَ حَملَها، فكانَ ابنُه (^٦) يُدعَى إلَى أُمِّهِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٥٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٥، ٢٨٩. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥١٥٠) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أخى\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"التلاعن\".\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"بينهما أى\".\n(^٦) ضبب فوقها في الأصل. وفى مصدر التخريج: \"ابنها\". وسيأتى في (١٥٤٠٦) بلفظ: ابنها.\n(^٧) الشافعى ٥/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"15","page":441},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: في حَديثِ ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ دَليلٌ على أنَّ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ قال: كانَت سُنَّةَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ. وفِى حَديثِ مالكٍ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ كأنَّه قَولُ ابنِ شِهابٍ، وقَد يَكونُ هَذا غَيرَ مُختَلِفٍ؛ يَقولُه مَرَّةً ابنُ شِهابٍ فلا يَذكُرُ سَهلًا، ويَقولُه أُخرَى ويَذكُرُ سَهلًا، ووافَقَ ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ إبراهيمَ بنَ سَعدٍ فيما زادَ في آخِرِ الحديثِ على حَديثِ مالكٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا حَديثُ ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ:\n\n١٥٤٠٥ - فأَخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سَعيدٍ (^٢) أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّ عوَيمِرًا جاءَ إلَى عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٠٦ - وأَمّا حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ فأَخبَرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ -وهَذا حَديثُ أحمدَ- قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٦٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سعد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٥٦٧٨) من طريق عمر بن حفص به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٣٠٤).","vol":"15","page":442},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ في المُتَلاعِنَينِ وعن السُّنَّةِ فيهِما، عن حَديثِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ أحَدِ بَنِى ساعِدَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه أو كَيفَ يَفعَلُ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ في شأنِه ما ذُكِرَ في القُرآنِ مِن أمرِ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، فقالَ النبىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد قَضَى اللَّهُ فيكَ وفِى امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنا في المَسجِدِ وأَنا شاهِدٌ، فلَمّا فرَغا قال: كَذَبتُ عَلَيها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إن أمسَكتُها. فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يأمُرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ فرَغا مِنَ التَّلاعُنِ، ففارَقَها عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، وقال: \"ذاكَ تَفريقٌ بَينَ كُلِّ مُتَلاعِنَينِ\". قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: كانَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعدَهُما أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وكانَت حامِلًا، وكانَ ابنُها يُدعَى لأُمِّه، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ في ميراثِها أنَّها تَرِثُه ويَرِثُ مِنها ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لها (^١). قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ في هَذا الحديثِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إن جاءَت به أحمَرَ قَصيرًا أوحَرَ فما أُراها إلَّا قَد صَدَقَت وكَذَبَ عَلَيها، وإِن جاءَت به أسوَدَ أعيَنَ ذا أليَتَينِ فلا أُراه إلَّا قَد صَدَقَ عَلَيها\". فجاءَت به على المَكروهِ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه جَماعَةٌ سِواهُم عن الزُّهرِىِّ مِنهُمُ الأوزاعِىُّ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"لهما\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٣٩٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٢٣، ٥٣٠٩)، ومسلم (١٤٩٢/ ٣).","vol":"15","page":443},{"text":"١٥٤٠٧ - أخبرَنى أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ الفارَيابِىُّ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ عوَيمِرًا أتَى عاصِمَ بنَ عَدِىٍّ، وكانَ سَيِّدَ بَنِى العَجلانِ، فقال: كَيفَ تَقولُ في رَجُلٍ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ قال: سَلْ لِى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فأَتَى عاصِمٌ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، رَجُلٌ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ قال: وكَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَسائلَ، فسألَه عوَيمِرٌ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد كَرِهَ المَسائلَ وعابَها. فقالَ عوَيمِرٌ: واللَّهِ لا أنتَهِى حَتَى أسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فجاءَ عوَيمِرٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، رَجُلٌ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أنزَلَ اللَّهُ القُرآنَ فيكَ وفِى صاحِبَتِكَ\". فأَمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمُلاعَنَةِ بما سَمَّى اللَّهُ في كِتابِه. قال: فلاعَنَها ثُمَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إن حَبَستُها فقَد ظَلَمتُها. قال: فطَلَّقَها وكانَت بَعدُ سُنَّةً لِمَن كان بَعدَهُما مِنَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبصِروا، فإِن جاءَت به أسحَمَ، أدعَجَ العَينَينِ، عَظيمَ الأليَتَينِ، خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ، فلا أحسِبُ عوَيمِرًا إلَّا وقَد صَدَقَ عَلَيها، وإن جاءَت به أُحَيمِرَ كأنَّه وحَرَةٌ فلا أحسِبُ عوَيمِرًا إلَّا وقَد كَذَبَ عَلَيها\". قال: فجاءَت به على النَّعتِ الَّذِى نَعَتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن تَصديقِ عوَيمِرٍ. قال: فكانَ يُنسَبُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ","vol":"15","page":444},{"text":"[إلى أمِّه] (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٠٨ - ورَواه الأوزاعِىُّ عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ فذَكَرَ فيه: فتَلاعَنا، ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وقالَ: \"لا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا\". أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حَسّانَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه -وهو إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى حَسّانَ- حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ قالا: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ. فذَكَرَه ولَم يَذكُرْ (^٣) قِصَّةَ الطَّلاقِ (^٤).\nومِنهُم يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِىُّ:\n\n١٥٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ التّاجِرُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى سَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، أنَّ عوَيمِرَ الأنصارِىَّ مِن بَنِى العَجلانِ أتَى عاصِمَ بنَ عَدِىٍّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لأمه\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارمى (٢٢٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٥) من طريق محمد بن يوسف به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٤٥).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"فيه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٥ من طريق ابن أبى حسان به.","vol":"15","page":445},{"text":"مالكٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فلَمّا فرَغا مِن تَلاعُنِهِما قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَذَبتُ عَلَيها إن أمسَكتُها. فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا قَبلَ أن يأمُرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فكانَ فِراقُه إيّاها بَعدُ سُنَّةً في المُتَلاعِنَينِ، قال سَهلٌ: وكانَت حامِلًا وكانَ ابنُها يُدعَى إلى أُمِّه، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ أنَّه يَرِثُها وتَرِثُ مِنه ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ لَها (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nومِنهُم فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ:\n\n١٥٤١٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحَمّادِىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ النَسَوىُّ وأبو يَعلَى المَوصلِىُّ، وأَخبَرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوىُّ، وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، وأَخبَرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ السُّلَمِىُّ البَصرِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ (^٣) رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَفعَلُ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فيهِما ما ذُكِرَ في القُرآنِ [من التلاعنِ] (^٤)، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد قَضَى اللَّهُ فيكَ وفِي امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنَا وأَنا شاهِدٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الرويانى في مسنده (١٠٦٢)، والطبرانى (٥٦٨٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٥٦/ ٤١).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"رأيت\". وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"في المتلاعنين\".","vol":"15","page":446},{"text":"إن أمسَكتُها فقَد كَذَبتُ عَلَيها. ففارَقَها، وكانَتِ السُّنَّةُ فيهِما أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وكانَت حامِلًا فأَنكَرَ حَملَها، وكانَ ابنُها يُدعَى إلَيها، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ في الميراثِ أن يَرِثَها وتَرِثَ مِنه ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ لَها. قال أبو يَعلَى: \"قَد قُضِىَ فيكَ\". وقال هو والحَسَنُ: فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إن أمسَكتُها. وَقالا: وكانَت سُنَّةً فيهما (^١). وأحاديثُهُم (^٢) فيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ واحِدٌ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٤).\nومِنهُم عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الفِهرِىُّ:\n\n١٥٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عياضِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الفِهرِىِّ وغَيرِه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ في هَذا الخَبَرِ، قال: فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثَ تَطليقاتٍ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَنفَذَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وصارَ ما صُنِعَ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُنَّةً. قال سَهلٌ: وحَضَرتُ هَذا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعدُ في المُتَلاعِنَينِ أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما ثُمَّ. لا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"بينهما\"، وفى م: \"بينهم\".\n(^٢) في م: \"حديثهم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٢٨٣) عن أبى يعلى به. وتقدم في (١٢٦١٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٧٤٦).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٨٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٥٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٦٩). وسيأتى في (١٥٤٤٥).","vol":"15","page":447},{"text":"ومِنهُم سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يُتقِنْه إتقانَ هؤلاءِ، وزادَ فيه: ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما:\n\n١٥٤١٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ سَمِعَ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ الساعدِىَّ (^١) يقولُ: شَهِدتُ المُتَلاعِنَينِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد كَذَبتُ عَلَيها إن أنا أمسَكتُها (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: لَم يُتابعِ ابنَ عُيَينَةَ أحَدٌ على أنَّه فرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: يَعنِى بذَلِكَ في حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ إلَّا ما رُوِّينا عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٥٤١٣ - فأَمّا في (^٦) حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"السعدى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٠٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٥١) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى في (١٥٤٢٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٥٤، ٧١٦٥).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٢٢٥١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٤٠٨).\n(^٦) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"15","page":448},{"text":"أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- يقولُ: فرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ أخَوَىْ بَنِى العَجلانِ. وَقالَ هَكَذا بإِصبَعِه المُسَبِّحَةِ والوُسطَى فقَرَنَهُما الوُسطَى والَّتِى تَليها يَعنِى المُسَبِّحَةَ وقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يَعلَمُ أنَّ أحَدَكُما كاذِبٌ، فهَل مِنكُما تائبٌ؟ \" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وإِسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ (^٣).\nورَواه عَزْرَةُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٦٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦، ٢٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٩٤٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣١٢)، ومسلم (١٤٩٣/ ...).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٦) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٤٤٧٧) -وعنه أبو داود (٢٢٥٨) - والبخارى (٥٣١١، ٥٣٤٩)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٤) أورده المصنف بسنده في الحديث بعد التالي.","vol":"15","page":449},{"text":"أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لِلمُتَلاعِنَينِ: \"حِسابُكُما على اللَّهِ، أحَدُكُما كاذِبٌ، لا سَبيلَ لَكَ عَلَيها\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مالِى. قال: \"لا مالَ لَكَ؛ إن كُنتَ صَدَقتَ عَلَيها فهو بما استَحلَلتَ مِن فرجِها، وإِن كُنتَ كَذَبتَ عَلَيها فذَلِكَ أبعَدُ لَكَ مِنها، أو مِنه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وجَماعَةٍ، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قال (^٣): حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزْرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: لَم يُفَرِّقِ المُصعَبُ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ. قال سعيدٌ: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: قَد فرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٤١٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٥٤)، والمعرفة (٤٥٦١)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦، ٢٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٨٧)، وعنه أبو داود (٢٢٥٧)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣١٢) ومسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٥).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦٩٧)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٤) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٧).","vol":"15","page":450},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا لاعَنَ امرأتَه وانتَفَى مِن ولَدِها، ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وأَلحَقَ الوَلَدَ بالمَرأَةِ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: يَحتَمِلُ طَلاقُه ثَلاثًا -يَعنِى في حَديثِ سَهلٍ- أن يَكونَ بما وجَدَ في نَفسِه بعِلمِه بصدقِه وكَذِبِها وجُرأَتِها على [اليمينِ طلَّقها] (^٣) ثَلاثًا جاهِلًا بأَنَّ اللِّعانَ فُرقَةٌ، فكانَ كَمَن طَلَّقَ مَن طُلِّقَ عَلَيه بغَيرِ طَلاقِه، وكَمَن شَرَطَ العُهدَةَ في البَيعِ، والضَّمانَ في السَّلَفِ، وهو يَلزَمُه، شَرَطَ أو لَم يَشرُطْ. قال: وزادَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَه فرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وتَفريقُ النَّبِىِّ غَيرُ فُرقَةِ الزَّوجِ؛ إنَّما هو تَفريقُ حُكمٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قِصَّةِ هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، قال: وقَضى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ألّا تُرمَى ولا يُرمَى ولَدُها، ومَن رَماها أو رَمَى ولَدَها جُلِدَ الحَدَّ، ولَيسَ لَها عَلَيه قوتٌ ولا سُكنَى؛ مِن أجلِ أنَّهُما يَتَفَرَّقانِ بغَيرِ طَلاقٍ، ولا مُتَوَفًّى عَنها (^٥). وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ تُؤَكِّدُ ما قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٦٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأبو داود (٢٢٥٩)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٨) من طريق مالك به. وسيأتى في (١٥٤٤١، ١٥٤٤٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣١٥، ٦٧٤٨)، ومسلم (١٤٩٤/ ٨).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"النهى فطلقها\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٢٩.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٣٨٤).","vol":"15","page":451},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3315>بابٌ: الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ما لَم يَنفِه رَبُّ الفِراشِ باللِّعانِ</span>\n\n١٥٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن (^١) ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أو أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ ﵁الشَّكُّ مِن سُفيانَ- أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، قال: أرسَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى شَيخٍ مِن بَنِى زُهرَةَ كان يَسكُنُ دارَنا، فذَهَبتُ مَعَه إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فسألَ عن ولادٍ مِن ولادِ الجاهِليَّةِ (^٥) فقالَ: أمّا الفِراشُ فلِفُلانٍ، وأَمّا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٢) العاهر: الزانى، والمعنى أن له الخيبة ولا حقَّ له في الولد. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٣٧.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٦٩)، والشافعى في مسنده (٩١ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٢)، والترمذى (١١٥٧)، والنسائى (٣٤٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٥٨/ ...).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٧٨، ٣٤/ ٤١٠.\n(^٥) الولاد: الحمل. التاج ٩/ ٣٢٥ (ول د). وولاد الجاهلية: حمل الجاهلية؛ حيث كانت المرأة إذا طلقها زوجها أو مات عنها نكحت بغير عدة. ينظر التمهيد ٥/ ١٨.","vol":"15","page":452},{"text":"النُّطفَةُ فلِفُلانٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقتَ، ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضى بالفِراشِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ أبو يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن رَباحٍ أنَّه قال: زَوَّجَنِى أهلِى أمَةً لَهُم روميَّةً، فوَقَعتُ عَلَيها فوَلَدَت لِى غُلامًا أسوَدَ مِثلِى، فسَمَّيتُه عبدَ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ وقَعتُ عَلَيها فوَلَدَت لِى غُلامًا أسوَدَ مِثلِى، فسَمَّيتُه عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ، قال: فطَبِنَ (^٢) لَها غُلامٌ لأهلِى يُقالُ له: يوحَنَّسُ (^٣)، فراطَنَها بلِسانِه، فوَلَدَت غُلامًا كأنَّه وزَغَةٌ، فقُلتُ لَها: ما هَذا؟! فقالَت: هو ليوحَنَّسَ (^٣). فرُفِعْنا إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁-. قال: أحسِبُه قال: فسألَها فاعتَرَفَت، فقالَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁-:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩٦٥، ٤٥٧١، ٤٥٩٣)، والشافعى ٢/ ١٧٦، ٦/ ١٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٥) من طريق سفيان به مختصرا. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٦٣٢).\n(^٢) طبن لكذا وتبن له طبانة وتبانة، فهو طبن وتبن: إذا فطن له وهجم على باطنه وسره، ومعناه: فطن لها وخبر أمرها، وأنها ممن تواتيه على المراودة، ويروى بفتح الباء: أى: خيبها وأفسدها. الفائق ٢/ ٣٥٤، ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"برجيس\".","vol":"15","page":453},{"text":"تَرضَيانِ أن أقضِىَ بَينَكُما بقَضاءِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى أنَّ الوَلَدَ لِلفِراشِ. قال مَهدِىٌّ: وأَحسِبُه قال: وجَلَدَها وجَلَدَه، وكانا مَملوكَينِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِئِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الرّوذبارِىِّ: يوحَنَّهْ. وقال: أحسِبُه قال مَهدِىٌّ: فسألَهُما فاعتَرَفا. وقالَ في آخِرِه: قال: فجَلَدَها وجَلَدَه، وأَحسِبُه قال: وكانا مَملوكَينِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ ومَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَعقوبَ، عن رَباحٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ في آخِرِه: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضى أنّ الوَلَدَ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ، هو ابنُكَ تَرِثُه ويَرِثُكَ. قُلتُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! قال: هو ذاكَ. فكُنتُ أُنيمُه بَينَهُما هَذانِ أسوَدانِ وهَذا أبيَضُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3316>بابُ التَّشديدِ في إدخالِ المَرأَةِ على قَومٍ مَن لَيسَ مِنهُم، وفي نَفىِ الرَّجُلِ ولَدَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٤٢١ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٦) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به. والبزار (٤٠٨) من طريق محمد بن أبى يعقوب به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٠٠).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٧) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.","vol":"15","page":454},{"text":"سَمِعَ المَقبُرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ القُرَظِىَّ، قال المَقبُرِىُّ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لمّا نَزَلَت آيَةُ المُلاعَنَةِ قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما امرأةٍ أدخَلَت على قَومٍ مَن لَيسَ مِنهُم فلَيسَت مِنَ اللَّهِ في شَئٍ، ولَن يُدخِلَها اللَّهُ جَنَّتَه، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ جَحَدَ ولَدَه وهو يَنظُرُ إلَيه احتَجَبَ اللَّهُ مِنه، وفَضَحَه به على رُءوسِ الخَلائقِ منَ (^١) الأوَّلينَ والآخِرينَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وَهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىَّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه مَرفوعًا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يونُسَ: فقالَ محمدُ بنُ كَعبٍ القُرَظىُّ وسَعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: بَلَغَنِى هَذا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3317>بابُ مَنِ ادَّعَى إلَى غَيِر أبيهِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"بين\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦، ٢٩٠. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٨١) من طريق ابن الهاد به. وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٣) من طريق سعيد المقبرى به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف النسائى (٢٢٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٦٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٦٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٠٨) من طريق ابن وهب به، وعندهما دون قول القرظى. والدارمى (٢٢٨٤) من طريق ابن الهاد يزيد بن عبد الله به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩٧).","vol":"15","page":455},{"text":"حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، [حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو أبو مَعمَرٍ البصرىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ] (^١)، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -﵁-: \"مَنِ ادَّعَى إلَى غَيرِ أبيه وهو يَعلَمُه فقَد كَفَرَ، ومَنِ ادَّعَى ما لَيسَ له فلَيسَ مِنّا، وليَتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ، ومَنِ ادَّعَى رَجُلًا بالكُفرِ أو قال: عَدوَّ اللَّهِ. ولَيسَ كَذَلِكَ فقَد حارَ (^٣) -أو: جارَ- عَلَيه إن لَم يَكُنْ كَذلِكَ\" (^٤).\nرَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُطَبِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن سَعدٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ ادَّعَى إلَى غَيرِ أبيه وهو يَعلَمُ أنَّه غَيرُ أبيه فالجَنَّةُ عَلَيه حَرامٌ\". قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لأبِى بكرَةَ فقالَ: سَمِعَته أُذُناىَ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"النضروى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٣) حار عليه: أى رجع عليه ما نسب إليه. النهاية ١/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٦)، والخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٨١) من طريق أبى معمر به. وأحمد (٢١٤٦٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٥٠٨)، ومسلم (٦١/ ١١٢).","vol":"15","page":456},{"text":"ووَعاه قَلبِى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُؤَمَّلِ بنِ حَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُسَيَّبٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو ابنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ قال: لَمّا ادَّعَى مُعاويَةُ زيادًا لَقِيتُ أبا بكرَةَ فقُلتُ: ما هَذا الَّذِى صنَعتُم؟! فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ سَعدًا يقولُ: سَمِعَته أُذُناىَ ووَعاه قَلبِى مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَنِ ادَّعَى أبًا في الإسلامِ وهو يَعلَمُ أنَّه غَيرُ أبيه فالجَنَّةُ عَلَيه حَرامٌ\". قال أبو بكرَةَ: وأَنا سَمِعتُه مِنه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3318>بابُ لِعانِ الزَّوجَيِن بمَحضَرِ طائفَةٍ مِنَ المُؤمِنيَن</span>\n\n١٥٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: شَهِدت المُتَلاعِنَينِ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأَنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ سنةً. ثُمَّ ساقَ الحديثَ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٦) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به. ومسلم (٦٣/ ١١٥)، وأبو داود (٥١١٣) من طريق أبى عثمان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤١٥) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٣/ ١١٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦.","vol":"15","page":457},{"text":"عليٍّ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا (^٢) عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لِلمُتَلاعِنَينِ: \"حِسابُكما على اللَّهِ، أحَدُكُما كاذِبٌ، لا سَبيلَ لَكَ عَلَيها\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مالِى مالِى. قال: \"لا مالَ لَكَ، إن كُنتَ صَدَقتَ فهو بما استَحلَلتَ مِن فرجِها، وإن كُنتَ كَذَبتَ عَلَيها فذاكَ أبعَدُ لَكَ فيه. أو: فيها\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٤).\nوقَد رَوَى قِصَّةَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عباسٍ، وأَنسُ بنُ مالكٍ -﵃-، وفِى ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على شُهودِهِم مَعَ غَيرِهِم تَلاعُنَهُما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3319>بابُ كَيفَ اللِّعانُ</span>\nوقَد (^٥) رُوىَ في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أنزَلَ اللَّهُ القُرآنَ فيكَ وفِى صاحِبَتِكَ\". فأَمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمُلاعَنَةِ بما\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٨٥٤، ٧١٦٥).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) الحميدى (٦٧١). وتقدم في (١٥٤١٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣١٢)، ومسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٥).\n(^٥) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"إجازة\". وكتب في آخر هذه الفقرة: \"إلى\".","vol":"15","page":458},{"text":"سَمَّى اللَّهُ تَعالَى في كِتابِهِ:\n\n١٥٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ، قال: فقالَ رسولُ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أنزَلَ اللَّهُ القُرآنَ فيكَ وفِى صاحِبَتكَ\". فأَمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمُلاعَنَةِ بما سَمَّى اللَّهُ تَعالَى في كِتابِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن الفِريابِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَعقِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى مُقَدَّمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى القاسِمُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ -وقَد سَمِعَ مِنه- عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا رَمَى امرأتَه وانتَفَى مِن ولَدِها في زَمَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فتَلاعَنا كما قال اللَّهُ ﷿، ثُمَّ قَضَى بالوَلَدِ لِلمَرأَةِ، وفَرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ هَكَذا.\n\n١٥٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٤٠٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٤٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٢٠٢) من طريق عبيد الله به بنحوه مختصرًا دون موضع الشاهد.","vol":"15","page":459},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سُئلتُ عن المُتَلاعِنَينِ في زَمَنِ مُصعَبِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما؟ فما دَرَيتُ ما أقولُ، فقُمتُ إلَى مَنزِلِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فاستأذَنتُ عَلَيه فقيلَ: هو نائمٌ. فسَمِعَ صَوتِى فقالَ: ابنُ جُبَيرٍ، ائذَنوا لَه. قال: فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه فقالَ: ما جاءَ بكَ هذه السّاعَةَ إلَّا حاجَةٌ. فإِذا هو مُفتَرِشٌ بَرذَعَةَ رَحلِه مُتَوَسِّدًا بوسادَةٍ حَشوُها ليفٌ أو سَلَبٌ -قال: السَّلَبُ يَعنِى ليفَ المُقْلِ (^١) - فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، المُتَلاعِنَانِ (^٢) يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما؟ فقالَ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! نَعَم، إنَّ أوَّلَ مَن سألَ عن هَذا فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ؛ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ لَو أنَ أحَدَنا رأى على امرأتِه فاحشةً (^٣)، كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ إن تَكَلَّمَ تَكَلَّمَ بأَمرٍ عَظيمٍ، وإن سَكَتَ سَكَتَ على مِثلِ ذَلِكَ. قال: فلَم يُجِبْه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الَّذِى كُنتُ سألتُ عنه قَدِ ابتُليتُ به. قال: فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ الآياتِ التى في سورَةِ \"النّورِ\": ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآياتِ [النور: ٦ - ٩]. قال: فدَعا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالرَّجُلِ فتَلاهُنَّ عَلَيه ووَعَظَه، وأَخبَرَه أنَّ عَذابَ الدُّنيا أهوَنُ مِن عَذابِ الآخِرَةِ، فقال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما كَذَبتُ عَلَيها. قال: ثُمَّ دَعا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالمَرأَةِ فتَلاهُنَّ (^٤) عَلَيها ووَعَظَها وذَكَّرَها، وأَخبَرَها أنَّ عَذابَ\n_________\n(^١) المقل: شجر الدَّوْم. ينظر لسان العرب ١٢/ ٢١٨ (م ق ل).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"المتلاعنين\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"رجلا\"، وفى ص ٨: \"أحدًا\".\n(^٤) في م: \"فتلاعن\".","vol":"15","page":460},{"text":"الدُّنيا أهوَنُ مِن عَذابِ الآخِرَةِ، فقالت: لا والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما صَدَقَكَ، لَقَد كَذَبَكَ. قال: فبَدأ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالرَّجُلِ فشَهِدَ أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَمِنَ الصّادِقينَ والخامِسَةَ أنَّ لَعنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيه إن كان مِنَ الكاذِبينَ. ثُمَّ ثَنَّى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالمَرأَةِ فشَهِدَت أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ، والخامِسَةَ أنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيها إن كان مِنَ الصّادِقين. قال: ثُمَّ فرَّقَ بَينَهُما (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: وإِنَّما أمَرتُ بوَقفِهِما وتَذكيرِهِما أنَّ سُفيانَ أخبرَنا، عن عاصمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ رَجُلًا لاعَنَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ أن يَضَعَ يَدَه على فيه عِندَ الخامِسَةِ وقالَ: \"إنَّها موجِبَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3320>بابُ اللِّعانِ على الحَملِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُثَنَّى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٠٩)، والترمذى (١٢٠٢، ٣١٧٨)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٣)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٦) من طريق عبد الملك بن أبى سليمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٩)، والشافعي ٥/ ١٢٥، ٢٩١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٥٥)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٢) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٧٥).","vol":"15","page":461},{"text":"ابنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا رأى مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، يَقتُلُه فتَقتُلونَه أم كَيفَ يَفعَلُ بهِ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ ما ذُكِرَ في القُرآنِ مِنَ التَّلاعُنِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد قُضِىَ فيكَ وفِى امرأتِكَ\". قال: فتَلاعَنَا وأَنا شاهِدٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إن أمسَكتُها فقَد كَذَبتُ عَلَيها. ففارَقَها فكانَت سُنَّةً بَعدُ فيهِما أن يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ المُتَلاعِنَينِ، وكانَت حامِلًا فأَنكَرَ حَملَها، وكانَ ابنُها يُدعَى إلَيها، ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ في المَواريثِ أن يَرِثَها وتَرِثَ مِنه ما فرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا قَولَه: وكانَت حامِلًا. في حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجِ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِىِّ (^٣) عن الزُّهرِىِّ في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجْلانِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌّ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ واللَّفظُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لهما\".\nوالحديث تقدم في (١٥٤١٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٤٦).\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"و\".\n(^٤) تقدم حديث ابن جريج في (١٥٤٠٤، ١٥٤٠٦) دون التصريح باسم عويمر، وحديث يونس في (١٥٤٠٩).","vol":"15","page":462},{"text":"له، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: إنَّا (^١) لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ في المَسجِدِ إذ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، فإِن تكلَّمَ جَلَدتُموه، وإِن قَتَلَ قَتَلتُموه، وإِن سَكَتَ سَكَتَ على غَيظٍ، واللَّهِ لأسأَلَنَّ عنه رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسألَه فقالَ: لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فتَكَلَّمَ جَلَدتُموه، أو قَتَلَ قَتَلتُموه، أو سَكَتَ سَكَتَ على غَيظٍ. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ افتَحْ\". وجَعَلَ يَدعو، فنَزَلَت آيَةُ اللِّعانِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ﴾ هذه الآياتُ، فابتُلِىَ به الرَّجُلُ مِن بَينِ النّاسِ، فجاءَ هو وامرأتُه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فتَلاعَنا، فشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَمِنَ الصّادِقينَ، ثُمَّ لَعَنَ الخامِسَةَ أنَّ لَعنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيه إن كان مِنَ الكاذِبينَ، فذَهَبَت لِتَلتَعِنَ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَهْ\". فلَعَنَت، فلَمّا أدبَرا قال: \"لعَلَّها أن تَجِئَ به أسوَدَ جَعدًا\". فجاءَت به أسوَدَ جَعدًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وعُثمانَ بنِ أبى شيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٣٤ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا عبدَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كنا\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٥٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٠١) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١٥٤٥٠، ١٧٧٠٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٩٥/ ١٠).","vol":"15","page":463},{"text":"عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لاعَنَ بالحَملِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الوَزيرِ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ ابنُ إدريسَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الأعلَى قال: سُئلَ هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَقذِفُ امرأتَه، فحَدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن محمدٍ قال: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن ذَلِكَ وأَنا أرَى أنَّ عِندَه مِن ذَلِكَ عِلمًا فقالَ: إنَّ هِلالَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امرأتَه بشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ، وكانَ أخا البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ لأُمِّه، وكانَ أوَّلَ مَن لاعَنَ، فلاعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَعنِى بَينَهُما فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروها، فإِن جاءَت به أبيَضَ سَبطًا أقضَى (^٢) العَينَينِ فهو لِهِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وإن جاءَت به أكحَلَ جَعدًا حَمْشَ السّاقَينِ فهو لِشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ\". قال: فأُنبِئتُ أنَّها جاءَت به أكحَلَ جَعدًا حَمْشَ السّاقَينِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٦)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٧. وأخرجه البزار (١٥٢٧) من طريق إسماعيل ابن حفص به. وأبو عوانة (٤٧٠٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) قضأت العين: احمرَّت واسترخت مآقيها وفسدت. ينظر التاج ١/ ٣٧٥ (ق ض أ).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٤٦٨) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وأحمد (١٢٤٥٠) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٩٦/ ١١).","vol":"15","page":464},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّيناه في حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وفيه: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَولا مما مَضَى مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ لَكانَ لِى ولَها شأنٌ\" (^١).\nوفِى كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه لاعَنَ بَينَهُما على الحَملِ.\n\n١٥٤٣٦ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأسفاطِىُّ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: ذُكِرَ التَّلاعنُ (^٢) عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ عاصمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ في ذَلِكَ قَولًا فانصرَفَ، فأَتاه رَجُلٌ مِن قَومِه فذَكَرَ له أنَّه وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، فقالَ عاصمٌ: ما ابتُليتُ بهَذا إلَّا [لِقولى. فذهَب به] (^٣) إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه بالَّذِى وجَدَ عَلَيه امرأتَه، وكانَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ مُصفَرًّا قَليلَ اللَّحمِ سَبطَ الشَّعَرِ، وكانَ الَّذِى ادَّعَى أنَّه وجَدَ عِندَ أهلِه آدَمَ خَدْلًا (^٤) كَثيرَ اللَّحمِ جَعدًا قَطَطًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ\". فوَضَعَت شَبيهًا بالَّذِى ذَكَرَ زَوجُها أنَّه وجَدَه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٣٨٣).\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"المتلاعنين\". وضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب: \"ح\"، والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب عليه: \"صح\".\n(^٣) في س: \"بقولى فجاءته\"، وفى ص ٨: \"لقولى فجاء به\"، وفي م: \"بقولى فجاء به\".\n(^٤) الخدل: الضخم أو الممتلئ. ينظر التاج ٢٨/ ٣٩٨ (خ د ل).","vol":"15","page":465},{"text":"عِندَها، فلاعَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما، فقالَ رَجُلٌ لابنِ عباسٍ في المَجلِسِ: هِىَ التى قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو رَجَمتُ أحَدًا بغَيرِ بَيِّنَةٍ لَرَجَمتُ هذه\"؟ فقال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: لا، تِلكَ امرأةٌ كانَت تُظهِرُ السُّوءَ في الإسلامِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: فهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ توهِمُ أنَّه لاعَنَ بَينَهُما بَعدَ الوَضعِ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ بَعضُ رواتِه قَدَّمَ حِكايَةَ وضعِها في الرِّوايَةِ على حِكايَةِ اللِّعانِ؛ فهَذِه قِصَّةُ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- لاعَنَ بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه وكانَت حامِلًا (^٣).\nورَوَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ هذه القِصَّةَ وقَدَّمَ رِوايَةَ اللِّعانِ على حِكايَةِ الوَضعِ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ، إلَّا أنَّه تَرَكَ مِن إسنادِه عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ القاسِمِ:\n\n١٥٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه، عن القاسِمِ ابنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٤٧٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣١٦)، ومسلم (١٤٩٧/ ...).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٤٠٩، ١٥٤٣٢).","vol":"15","page":466},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ ما لِى عَهدٌ بأَهلِى مُنذُ عَفارِ النَّخلِ -قال: وعَفارُها أنَّها إذا كانَت تُؤَبَّرُ تُعْفَرُ أربَعينَ يَومًا؛ لا تُسقَى بَعدَ الإبارِ- قال: فوَجَدتُ مَعَ امرأتِى رَجُلًا. قال: وكانَ زَوجُها مُصفَرًّا حَمشَ السّاقِ سَبطَ الشَّعَرِ، والَّذِى رُميَت به خَدْلًا إلَى السَّوادِ جَعدًا قَطَطًا مُستَهًا (^١). فقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ\". ثُمَّ لاعَنَ بَينَهُما، فجاءَت [برجُلٍ يشبِهُ] (^٢) الَّذِى رُميَت بهِ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو الزِّنادِ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لاعَنَ بَينَ العَجلانِىِّ وامرأتِه وكانَت حامِلًا، وكانَ الَّذِى رُميَت به ابنَ السَّحماءِ:\n\n١٥٤٣٨ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إجازَةً، أنَّ أبا محمدٍ عبدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ السِّمِّذِىَّ (^٤) أخبَرَه، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) المُسْتَهُ: الضخم الأليتين. النهاية ٢/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"برجل\"، وفى م: \"شبيها بالرجل\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٦٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥١٤٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"السمرى\"، وفى م: \"السمدى\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"ضبطه الإمام تقى الدين كما ترى بالذال المعجمة. وهذا الرجل من علماء اليمن ذكره غير واحد منهم، وهو منسوب إلى السمدى بالدال المهملة، وهو جبل عند السمدان في المعافر الحصن المعروف. قاله أبو الخير في عمدته\". والذى في الإكمال ٤/ ٥٣٠، والأنساب ٣/ ٢٩٥ أن هذه النسبة إلى السمذ وهو نوع من الخبز الأبيض الذى تعمله الأكاسرة والملوك. وذكر أنه بكسر السين وكسر الميم المشددة، وقيل بفتحها.","vol":"15","page":467},{"text":"لاعَنَ بَينَ العَجلانِىِّ وامرأتِه، وكانَت حامِلًا فقالَ زَوجُها: واللَّهِ ما قَرِبتُها مُنذُ عَفَرنا -قال: والعَفَرُ أن يُسقَى النَّخلُ بَعدَ أن يُترَكَ مِنَ السَّقىِ بَعدَ الإبارِ شَهرَينِ- فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ\". فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَوجَ المَرأَةِ حَمشَ الذِّراعَينِ والسّاقَينِ، أصهَبَ الشَّعَرِ، وكانَ الَّذِى رُميَت به ابنَ السَّحماءِ، فجاءَت بغُلامٍ أسوَدَ أكحَلَ جَعْدًا، عَبْلَ (^١) الذِّراعَينِ، خَدلَ السّاقَينِ. قال القاسِمُ: قال ابنُ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ لابنِ عباسٍ: أهِىَ المَرأَةُ التى قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو كُنتُ راجِمًا أحَدًا بغَيرِ بَيِّنَةٍ لَرَجَمتُها\"؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: تِلكَ امرأةٌ أعلَنَت (^٢) في الإسلامِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٣٩ - ورَواه ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ عن أبيه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لاعَنَ بَينَ العَجلانِىِّ وامرأتِه، وكانَت حُبلَى وقالَ زَوجُها: واللَّهِ ما قَرِبتُها مُنذُ عَفَرنا (^٤). وذَكَرَ تَفسيرَ العَفَرِ، وقالَ: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ\". وزَعَموا أنَّ زَوجَ المَرأَةِ كان حَمْشَ الذِّراعَينِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه غَيرَ أنَّه قال: أجلَى. بَدَلَ: أكحَلَ. وزادَ: قَطَطًا. قال ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ: حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، حَدَّثَنى القاسِمُ\n_________\n(^١) العبل: الضخم. التاج ٢٩/ ٤١٨ (ع ب ل).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"السوء\".\n(^٣) المصنف في بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٠٦) من طريق المغيرة ابن عبد الرحمن به. والبخارى (٦٨٥٥)، ومسلم (١٤٩٧/ ١٣)، والنسائى (٣٤٦٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦٠) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"النخل\".","vol":"15","page":468},{"text":"ابنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3321>فصلٌ في سُؤالِ المَرمِىِّ بالمَرأَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى بُكَيرُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ في قَولِه تعالى: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً﴾ الآيَة [النور: ٤]. قال: فقامَ عاصِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ سُؤالِه عن رَجُلٍ يَرَى رَجُلًا على بَطنِ امرأتِه يَزنِى بها، ونُزولِ آيَةِ اللِّعانِ، ورَمىِ ابنِ عَمِّه هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ امرأتَه بابنِ عَمِّه شَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ، وأنَّها حُبلَى. قال: فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى [الزوجِ والخَليلِ والمَرأَةِ] (^٢) فاجتَمَعوا عِندَه، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِزَوجِها هِلالٍ: \"ويحَكَ! ما تَقولُ في بنتِ عَمِّكَ وابنِ عَمِّكَ وحليلتِك (^٣) أن تَقذِفَها ببُهتانٍ؟ \". فقالَ الزَّوجُ: أُقسِمُ باللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ لَقَد رأيتُه مَعَها على بَطنِها، وإِنَّها لَحُبلَى، وما قَرِبتُها مُنذُ أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ. فقالَ النَبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلمَرأَةِ: \"ويحَكِ! ما يقولُ زَوجُكِ؟ \". قالَت: أحلِفُ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَكاذِبٌ، وما رأى منِّى (^٤) شَيئًا يَريبُه. وذَكَرَ كَلامًا طَويلًا في الإنكارِ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلخَليلِ: \"ويحَكَ! ما يقولُ ابنُ عَمِّكَ؟ \". فقالَ: أُقسِمُ باللَّهِ ما رأى ما يقولُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في بيان خطأمن أخطأ على الشافعى ص ١٨٠. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٧٥٥) مختصرا، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥١٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: الخليل والمرأة والزوج\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وخليلك\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"منا\".","vol":"15","page":469},{"text":"وإِنَّه لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ. وذَكَرَ كَلامًا طَويلًا في الإنكارِ، قال: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلمَرأَةِ والزَّوجِ: \"قوما فاحلِفا باللَّهِ\". فقاما عِندَ المِنبَرِ في دُبُرِ صَلاةِ العَصرِ، فحَلَفَ زَوجُها هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فقالَ: أشهَدُ باللَّهِ (^١). فذَكَرَ صفةَ (^٢) لِعانِه، وذكَر صِفَةَ (^٢) لِعانِها وذَكَرَ في لِعانِ الزَّوجِ: وإنَّها لَحُبلَى مِن غَيرِى وإنِّى لَمِنَ الصّادِقينَ. ثُمَّ لَم يَذكُرْ أنَّه أحلَفَ شَريكًا، وإِنَّما ذَكَرَ قَولَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا ولَدَت فأْتونِى به\". فوَلَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ جَعدًا كأنَّه [ابنُ الحَبشيَّةِ] (^٣)، فلَمّا أن نَظَرَ إلَيه فرأى شَبَهَه بشَريكٍ -وكانَ ابنَ حَبَشيَّةٍ- قال: \"لَولا ما مَضَى مِنَ الأيمانِ لَكانَ لِى فيها أمرٌ\". يَعنى الرَّجمَ.\nفقَولُ الشّافِعِىِّ: وسألَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- شَريكًا فأَنكَرَ فلَم يُحَلِّفْه. يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أخَذَه عن هذا (^٤) التَّفسيرِ؛ فإِنَّه كان مَسموعًا له، ولَم أجِدْه في الرِّواياتِ المَوصولَةِ، والَّذِى قال الشّافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ \"أحكام القرآن\": ولَم يُحضِرْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- المَرمِىَّ بالمَرأَةِ (^٥). إنَّما قالَه في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ، والمَرمِىُّ بالمَرأَةِ لَم يُسَمَّ في قِصَّةِ العَجلانِىِّ في الرِّواياتِ التى عِندَنا، إلَّا أنَّ قَولَ النبىِّ -ﷺ-: إن جاءَت به لنَعتِ كَذا، في تِلكَ القِصَّةِ أيضًا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه رَماها برَجُلٍ بعَينِه، ولَم يُنقَلْ فيها أنَّه أحضَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"إنى لمن الصادقين\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"من الحبشة\"، وفى ص ٨: \"من الحبشة\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أهل\".\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ٥/ ١٢٨.","vol":"15","page":470},{"text":"وقد قال الشّافِعِىُّ في \"الإملاء\" أظنُّه: قَد قَذَفَ الرَّجُل العَجلانِىُّ امرأتَه بابنِ عَمِّه، وابنُ عَمِّه شَريكُ بنُ السَّحماءِ. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: والتَعَنَ العَجلانِىُّ فلَم يَحُدَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- شَريكًا بالتِعانِه.\nوفيما رُوِّينا مِنَ الأحاديثِ أنَّ الَّذِى رَمَى زَوجَتَه بشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ هِلالُ ابنُ أُمَيَّةَ الواقِفِىُّ مِن بَنِى واقفٍ، ولا أعلَمُ أحَدًا سَمَّى في قِصَّةِ عوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ رَميَه امرأتَه بشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ إلَّا مِن جِهَةِ محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىِّ بإِسنادٍ له قَد ذَكَرناه فيما مَضى (^١)، وهو أيضًا في رِوايَةِ أبى الزِّنادِ عن القاسِمِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- كما مَضى (^٢)، وفى (^٣) الرِّواياتِ المَشهورَةِ إِنَّما سُمِّىَ في قِصةِ هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، ويُشبِهُ أن تكونَ القِصَّتانِ واحِدَةً؛ فقَد ذُكِرَ في الرِّواياتِ المَوصولَةِ في قِصَّةِ العَجلانِىِّ أنَّه أمَرَ عاصِمَ بنَ عَدِىٍّ بالسُّؤالِ (^٤) عن ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ، وجاءَ عوَيمِرٌ العَجلانِىُّ فلاعَنَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه وقال: إن جاءَت به كَذا وكَذا. وذُكِرَ في قِصَّةِ هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ أيضًا نُزولُ الآيَةِ فيه وأَنَّه لاعَنَ بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه فقالَ: إن جاءَت به كَذا وكَذا. وذَكَرَ مُقاتِلُ بنُ حَيّانَ في قِصةِ هِلالٍ سُؤالَ عاصِمِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ؛ فإِمّا أن تكونا قِصَّةً واحِدَةً واختَلَفَ الرّواةُ في اسمِ الرّامِى؛ فابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ وأَنَس بنُ مالكٍ -﵁- يُسَمّيانِه هِلالَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وسَهلُ بنُ سَعدٍ يُسَمّيه عوَيمِرَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٣٩٦، ١٥٣٩٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٤٣٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"في\".\n(^٤) في س: \"كالسؤال\"، وفى م: \"للسؤال\".","vol":"15","page":471},{"text":"العَجلانِىُّ، وابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- في رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عنه يقولُ: لاعَنَ بَينَ العَجلانِىِّ وامرأتِه. وابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: فرَّقَ بَينَ أخَوَى بَنِى العَجلانِ. وابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يقولُ: رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فيَكونُ قَولُه في \"الإملاءِ\" خارِجًا على (^١) بَعضِ ما رُوىَ مِنَ الاختِلافِ في اسمِ الرَّجُلِ. وإِمّا أن تَكونا قِصَّتَينِ، [وكأنَّ عاصمًا] (^٢) حينَ سألَ عن ذَلِكَ إنَّما سألَ لِعوَيمِرٍ العَجلانِىِّ فابتُلِىَ به أيضًا هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ، فحينَ حَضرَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما لاعَنَ بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه، وأُضيفَ نُزولُ الآيَةِ فيه إلَيه. فعَلَى هَذا يَنبَغِى أن يَكونَ ما وقَعَ في \"الإملاء\" خَطأً مِنَ الكاتِبِ أو تَقليدًا لِما رُوىَ في حَديثِ أبى الزِّنادِ وحَديثِ الواقِدِىِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3322>بابُ ما يَكونُ بَعدَ الْتِعانِ الزَّوجِ مِنَ الفُرقَةِ ونَفىِ الوَلَدِ وحَدِّ المَرأَةِ إن لَم تَلتَعِنْ</span>\n\n١٥٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو بكرِ (^٣) ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا لاعَنَ امرأتَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وكان عاصم\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"محمد\".","vol":"15","page":472},{"text":"في زَمانِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وانتَفَى (^١) مِن ولَدِها ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وأَلحَقَ الوَلَدَ بالمَرأَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشِّيرازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا لاعَنَ امرأتَه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وأَلحَقَ الوَلَدَ بأُمِّهِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلمُتَلاعِنَينِ: \"حِسابُكُما على اللَّهِ، أحَدُكُما كاذِبٌ، لا سَبيلَ لَكَ عَلَيها\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مالِى. قال: \"إن كُنتَ صَدَقتَ عَلَيها فهو بما استَحلَلتَ مِن فرجِها، وإن كُنتَ كَذَبتَ عَلَيها فذاك (^٥) أبعَدُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"وانتفل\". وفى حاشيتها وبقية النسخ كالمثبت.\n(^٢) بعده في الأصل: \"انتفل وانتفى بمعنى واحد\". وكتب فوقها: \"حاشية\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٦٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٢٦، ٢٩٠، ٢٩١، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١١ ظ- مخطوط).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٥٦٧.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣١٥)، ومسلم (١٤٩٤/ ٨).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"فهو\".","vol":"15","page":473},{"text":"لَكَ مِنه\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ كما مَضَى (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُتَلاعِنانِ إذا تَفَرَّقا لا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قِصَّةِ هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وامرأتِه، وأَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لاعَنَ بَينَهُما وأَنَّها شَهِدَت بَعدَ الْتِعانِ الزَّوجِ أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ باللَّهِ إنَّه لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ، فلَمّا كانَتِ الخامِسَةُ قيلَ لَها: اتَّقِى اللَّهَ فإِنَّ عَذابَ الدُّنيا أهوَنُ مِن عَذابَ الآخِرَةِ، وإِنَّ هذه الموجِبَةُ التى توجِبُ عَلَيكِ العَذابَ. فتلكَّأت (^٤) ساعَةً ثُمَّ قالَت: واللَّهِ لا أفضحُ قَومِى. فشَهِدَت في الخامِسَةِ أنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيها إن كان مِنَ الصّادِقينَ، ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما، وقَضَى ألَّا يُدعَى ولَدُها لأبٍ، ولا تُرمَى ولا يُرمَى ولَدُها، ومَن رَماها أو رَمَى ولَدَها فعَلَيه الحَدُّ، وقَضَى أن لا بَيتَ لَها عَلَيه ولا قوتَ؛ مِن أجلِ أنَّهُما يَتَفَرَّقانِ مِن غَيرِ طَلاقٍ ولا مُتَوَفًّى عَنها (^٥).\n\n١٥٤٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٤١٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣١٢)، ومسلم (١٤٩٣/ ٥)، وتقدم في (١٥٤١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٦ من طريق محمد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) في س: \"فشللت\"، وفى م: \"فسكتت\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٣٨٥) مختصرًا.","vol":"15","page":474},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وغَيرُه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ في حَديثِ المُتَلاعِنَينِ قال: فمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعدُ في المُتَلاعِنَينِ يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما ثُمَّ لا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا (^١).\n\n١٥٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حَسّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ وعُمرُ قالا: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ في قِصَّةِ المُتَلاعِنَينِ قال: فتَلاعَنا (^٢) ففَرَّقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وقالَ: \"لا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ. وقَيسٌ عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قالا: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ في المُتَلاعِنَينِ ألَّا يَجتَمِعا أبَدًا (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٥. وأخرجه أبو عوانة عقب (٤٦٧٦) عن يونس به. وتقدم في (١٥٤١١).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"عند رسول الله -ﷺ-\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٤٠٨).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٧٦. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٥٤١) من طريق قيس به بالإسنادين جميعًا. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٤٣٦) عن قيس به بالإسناد الثانى.","vol":"15","page":475},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال في المُتَلاعِنَينِ إذا تَلاعَنا قال: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما ولا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا (^١).\n\n١٥٤٤٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن [أبى هاشِمٍ] (^٢) الواسِطِىِّ، عن جَهمِ ابنِ دينارٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: إذا أكذَبَ نَفسَه بَعدَ اللِّعانِ ضُرِبَ الحَدَّ وأُلزِقَ به الوَلَدُ، ولا يَجتَمِعانِ أبَدًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3323>بابٌ: لا لِعانَ حَتَّى يَقذِفَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه بالزِّنى صَريحًا</span>\n\n١٥٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- قال: كُنّا في المَسجِدِ لَيلَةَ جُمُعَةٍ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: لَو أنَّ رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَه قَتَلتُموه، وإِن تكلَّمَ جَلَدتُموه! لأذكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى آياتِ اللِّعانِ، ثُمَّ جاءَ الرَّجُلُ فقَذَفَ امرأتَه، فلاعَنَ النبىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما وقالَ: \"لَعَلَّها أن تَجِئَ به\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٤٣٣) عن سفيان الثورى به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٣٠٧ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"إبراهيم\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة معلقا عقب (٤٥٨٣) عن الثورى.","vol":"15","page":476},{"text":"أسوَدَ جَعدًا\". قال: فجاءَت به أسوَدَ جَعدًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3324>بابٌ: لا لِعانَ ولا حَدَّ في التَّعريضِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بَرزَةَ بَهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إسماعيلَ ابنِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَه رَجُلٌ أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: إنَّ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ. قال: \"هَل فيها مِن أورَقَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"أنَّى تَرَى ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: عِرقًا نَزَعَه. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فلَعَلَّ هَذا نَزَعَه عِرقٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٠٣) من طريق ابن نمير به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٦٨) من طريق عبدة بن سليمان به. وسيأتى في (١٧٧٠٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٥/ ...).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٦٧)، والمعرفة (٤٥٨٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٣٢. وتقدم في (١٤٣٦١)، وسيأتى في (١٧٢٢٦، ١٧٢٢٧)، وفي (٢١٣١٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٨٤٧).","vol":"15","page":477},{"text":"١٥٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ قال: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ أعرابيًّا مِن بَنِى فزارَةَ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ مِن إبِل؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ. لآل: \"هَل فيها مِن أورَقَ؟ \". قال: إنَّ فيها لَوُرقًا. قال: \"فأَنَّى أتاها (^١) ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: لَعَلَّه نَزَعَه عِرقٌ. فَقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"وهَذا لعلَّه نَزَعَه عرقٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ قُتيبَةَ: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى فزارَةَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وقالَ: عَسَى أن يَكونَ نَزَعَه عِرقٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٥٣ - ورَواه مَعمَر عن الزُّهرِىِّ فقالَ في الحديثِ: إنَ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ. وهو حينَئذٍ يُعَرِّضُ بأَن يَنفيَه. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه بمَعناه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أصابها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٨٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢١٢٨)، والنسائى (٣٤٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٠٢)، وابن حبان (٤١٠٦، ٤١٠٧) من طريق سمان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٨).","vol":"15","page":478},{"text":"أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٥٤ - ورَواه ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ بمَعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وزادَ في آخِرِ الحديثِ: فلَم يُرَخِّصْ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَنتَفِىَ مِنه. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٥٥ - ورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ وإِنِّى أنكَرتُه. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعنَى حَديثِ سُفيانَ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3325>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُقِرُّ بحَبَلِ امرأتِه أو بوَلَدِها مَرَّةً فلا يَكونُ له نَفيُه بَعدَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٧١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٦٠)، وأبو داود (٢٢٦١). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٤٧٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٤١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٩٠)، ومسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٩) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٧٣١٤)، وأبو داود (٢٢٦٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٠٠/ ٢٠).","vol":"15","page":479},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا سَعدُ (^١) بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا قُدامَةُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ مُسلِمِ بنِ شِهابٍ يَزعُمُ أنَّ قَبيصَةَ بنَ ذُؤَيبٍ كان يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قَضَى في رَجُلٍ أنكَرَ ولَدًا من امرأتِه وهو في بَطنِها، ثُمَّ اعتَرَفَ به وهو في بَطنِها، حَتَّى إذا وُلِدَ أنكَرَه، فأَمَرَ به عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فجُلِدَ ثَمانينَ جَلدَةً لِفِريَتِه عَلَيها، ثُمَّ ألحَقَ به ولَدَها (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن مُجالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: إذا أقَرَّ الرَّجُلُ بوَلَدِه طَرفَةَ عَينٍ فلَيسَ له أن يَنفيَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3326>بابٌ: الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ بالوَطءِ بمِلكِ اليَميِن والنِّكاحِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قال: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا وقع هنا، سعد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم، وأظنه غلطا من الناسخ الذى ألصق هذه الورقة بعد زمن ابن الصلاح، والصواب: محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم. والله أعلم\". ولكن المذكور في شيوخ قدامة بن محمد كما في تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٥٥١ هو سعد وليس محمدًا. وأيضا رواه الدارقطنى من طريق سعد، فلعل المثبت هو الصواب، والله أعلم.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٦٤. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠١٠: قدامة صالح خرج له النسائى.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٧٣٧) من طريق مجالد به بنحوه، وفى (١٧٧٤٠) من طريق الشعبى به.","vol":"15","page":480},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ منصورٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ ابنِ زيادٍ، سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁-، سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ عبدَ بنَ زَمْعَةَ وسَعدًا اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في ابنِ أمَةِ زَمْعَةَ؛ فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أوصانِى أخِى إذا قَدِمتُ مَكَّةَ أنِ انظُرْ إلَى ابنِ أمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فاقبِضْه؛ فإِنَّه ابنِى. فقالَ عبدُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ: أخِى وابنُ وليدةِ (^٥) أبى، وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبِى. فرأى شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بعُتبَةَ فقالَ: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدَ بنَ زَمْعَةَ؛ الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ، واحتَجِبِى مِنه يا سَودَةُ\" (^٦). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٦٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢١٣١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٥٨) عقب (٣٧).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٦١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٠٢، ١٠١٥٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٨١٨).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م، حاشية الأصل: \"أمة\".\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٧٦، ٤٥٧٠)، والشافعى في مسنده (٩٢ - شفاء العى)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٤٥). وتقدم في (١١٥٧٤).","vol":"15","page":481},{"text":"حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٦١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كان عُتبَةُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ عَهِدَ إلَى أخيه سَعدٍ أنَّ ابنَ وليدَةِ زَمْعَةَ مِنِّى، فاقبِضْه إلَيكَ، فلَمّا كان عامُ الفَتحِ أخَذَه سَعدٌ فقالَ: ابنُ أخِى، قَد كان عَهِدَ إلَىَّ فيهِ. فقامَ عبدُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ فقالَ: أخِى، وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبِى. فتَساوَقا (^٢) إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أخِى كان عَهِدَ إلَىَّ فيهِ. فقالَ عبدُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ: أخِى وابنُ وليدَةِ أبِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدَ بنَ زَمْعَةَ؛ الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ\". ثُمَّ قال لِسَودَةَ بنتِ زَمْعَةَ -﵂-: \"احتَجِبِى مِنه\". لِما رأى مِن شَبَهِه بعُتبَةَ، فما رآها حَتَّى لَقِيَتِ اللهَ ﷿. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٤٢١)، ومسلم (١٤٥٧/ ...).\n(^٢) تساوقا: أى تلازما في الذهاب، بحيث إن كلا منهما كان كالذى يسوق الآخر. فتح البارى ١٢/ ٣٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٨٨، ٨٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٣٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٠٩٣)، وابن حبان (٤١٠٥).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٧٤٥، ٤٣٠٣، ٧١٨٢).","vol":"15","page":482},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ وعُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- أنَّه لَمّا وُلِدَ إبراهيمُ ابنُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِن ماريَةَ جاريَتِه كادَ يَقَعُ في نَفسِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِنه، حَتَّى أتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ أبا إبراهيمَ (^١).\nوفِى هَذا -إن ثَبَتَ- دَلالَةٌ على ثُبوتِ النَّسَبِ لِفِراشِ الأمَةِ.\n\n١٥٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أنَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَطئونَ (^٢) ولائدَهُم ثُمَّ يَعزِلونَهُنَّ؟ لا تأتينِى وليدَةٌ يَعتَرِفُ سَيِّدُها أن قَد ألَمَّ بها إلَّا ألحَقتُ به ولَدَها، فاعزِلوا بَعدُ أو اترُكوا (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٦٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في إرسالِ الوَلائدِ يوطأْنَ. بمِثلِ مَعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سالِمٍ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ١٦٣، ١٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣١٢٨)، والبزار (٦٣٣١) من طريق عثمان بن صالح به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٤/ ٣٢٩: رواه البزار، وفيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"يطوفون\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧٠)، والمعرفة (٤٥٩٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٢، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧١)، والمعرفة (٤٥٩٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٩.","vol":"15","page":483},{"text":"١٥٤٦٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَطَئونَ ولائدَهُم ثُمَّ يَدَعُوهُنَّ يَخرُجنَ؟ لا تأتينِى وليدَةٌ يَعتَرِفُ سَيِّدُها أن قَد ألَمَّ بها إلَّا ألحَقتُ به ولَدَها، فأَرسِلوهُنَّ بَعدُ أو أمسِكوهُنَّ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قُلتُ لِلشّافِعِىِّ: فهَل خالَفَكَ في هَذا غَيرُنا؟ قال: نَعَم، بَعضُ المَشرِقيّينَ. قُلتُ: فما كانَت حُجَّتُهُم؟ قال: كانَت حُجَّتُهُم أن قالوا: انتَفَى عُمَرُ -﵁- مِن ولَدِ جاريةٍ له، وانتَفَى زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵁- مِن ولَدِ جاريَةٍ له، وانتَفَى ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- مِن ولَدِ جاريَةٍ. فقُلتُ: فما كانَت حُجَّتُكَ عَلَيهِم؟ يَعنِى جَوابَكَ، قال: أمّا عُمَرُ -﵁- فرُوىَ عنه أنَّه أنكَرَ حَملَ جاريَةٍ له أقَرَّت بالمَكروهِ، وأَمّا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ وابنُ عباس -﵄- فإِنَّهُما أنكَرا -إن كانا فعَلا- ولَدَ جاريَتَينِ عَرَفا أن لَيسَ مِنهُما، فحَلالٌ لَهُما، وكَذَلِكَ لِزَوجِ الحُرَّةِ إذا عَلِمَ أنَّها حَبِلَت مِنَ الزِّنى، أن يَدفَعَ ولَدَها ولا يُلحِقَ بنَسَبِه مَن لَيسَ مِنه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ ﷿. وتكَلَّمَ عَلَيه بما يَطولُ ذِكرُه ههُنا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٤٣، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٤.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٢٢٩.","vol":"15","page":484},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3327>بابُ المَرأةِ تأتِى بوَلَدٍ على فِراشِ رَجُلٍ مِن شُبهَةٍ لا يُمكِنُ أن يَكونَ مِنَ الأوَّلِ ويُمكِن أن يَكونَ مِنَ الثّانِى</span>\n\n١٥٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ النَّخَعِىُّ، أنَّ [عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ] (^١) بنَ الحُرِّ تَزَوَّجَ جاريَةً مِن قَومِه يُقالُ لَها: الدَّرداءُ. زَوَّجَها إيّاه أبوها فانطلَقَ عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ فلَحِقَ بمُعاويَةَ فأَطالَ الغَيبَةَ عن (^٢) امرأتِه، وماتَ أبو الجاريَةِ فزَوَّجَها أهلُها مِن رَجُلٍ مِنهُم يُقالُ له: عِكرِمَةُ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ فقَدِمَ فخاصَمَهُم إلَى علىٍّ -﵁-، فرَدَّ عَلَيه المَرأَةَ، وكانَت حامِلًا مِن عِكرِمَةَ فوَضعَها على يَدَى عَدلٍ، فقالَتِ المَرأَةُ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁-: أنا أحَقُّ بمالِى أو عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحُرِّ؟ فقالَ: بَل أنتِ أحَقُّ بذَلكِ. قالَت: فاشهَدُوا (^٣) أنَّ كُلَّ ما كان لى على عِكرِمَةَ مِن شَيءٍ مِن صَداقِى فهو له. فلَمّا وضعَت ما في بَطنِها رَدَّها إلَى عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحُرِّ وأَلحَقَ الوَلَدَ (^٤) بأَبيه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"عبد الله\". وكذا في المواضع الآتية. وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٣٧/ ٤١٧، فقد ذكره فيمن اسمه عبيد الله.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"على\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"فأشهدك\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الوليد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٧/ ٤١٨، ٤١٩ من طريق المصنف به، وفى ٣٧/ ٤١٨ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"15","page":485},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3328>كتابُ العِدَدِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3329>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ الآية في العِدَّةِ</span>\n\n١٥٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ البَهرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ يَزيدَ بنِ السَّكَنِ الأنصاريَّةِ أنَّها طُلِّقَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَكُنْ لِلمُطَلَّقَةِ عِدَّةٌ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه حينَ طُلِّقَت أسماءُ بالعِدَّةِ لِلطَّلاقِ، فكانَت أوَّلَ مَن [أُنزلت فيه] (^١) العِدَّةُ لِلطَّلاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أسباطٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت عِدَّةُ النِّساءِ في سورَةِ \"البَقَرَةِ\" في المُطَلَّقَةِ والمُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها. قال: قال أُبَىُّ ابنُ كَعبٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَ أُناسًا مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ يَقولونَ: قَد بَقِىَ مِنَ النِّساءِ ما لَم يُذكَرْ فيه شَئٌ. قال: \"وما هوَ؟ \". قال: الصِّغارُ والكِبارُ وذَواتُ الحَملِ. قال: فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ - ﴿وَاللَّائِي لَمْ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أنزل فيها\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٨١). وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٨٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩٦).","vol":"15","page":487},{"text":"يَحِضْنَ﴾ - ﴿فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ﴾ - ﴿وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ (^١) [الطلاق: ٤].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٧١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٥١ من طريق مطرف به. وسيأتى في (١٥٥٠٤).","vol":"15","page":488},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3330>جِماعُ أبوابِ عِدَّةِ المَدخولِ بها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3331>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾</span> [البقرة: ٢٢٨]\nومَن قال: الأقراءُ الأطهارُ. وما دَلَّ عَلَيه مِنَ الآثارِ\n\n١٥٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فسألَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُرة فلْيُراجِعْها، ثمَّ لْيُمسِكْها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثمَّ تَحيضَ ثمَّ تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ إن شاءَ أمسَكَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ وإن شاءَ طَلَّقَ قَبلَ أن يَمَسَّ، فتِلكَ العِدَّةُ التى أمَرَ اللَّهُ أن يُطَلَّقَ لَها النِّساءُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أيمَنَ يَسأَلُ ابنَ عُمَرَ وأبو الزُّبَيرِ يَسمَعُ، قال: كَيفَ تَرَى في رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه حائضًا؟ قالَ: طَلَّقَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٧٩). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٠٩)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٥٦) من طريق القعنبى به. وتقدم في (١٥٠١٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٥١)، ومسلم (١٤٧١/ ١).","vol":"15","page":489},{"text":"عُمَرَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فسألَ عُمَرُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لِيُراجِعْها\". فرَدَّها علىَّ وقالَ: \"إذا طَهَرَت [فليُطَلِّقْ أو يُمسِكْ] (^١) \". قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: وقرأَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا أيُّها النَّبِىُّ إذا طَلَّقتُمُ النِّساءَ فطَلِّقوهُنَ في قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن حَجّاجِ ابنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ أمِّ المؤمنين -﵂- أنَّها انتَقَلَت حَفصَةَ بنتَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ حينَ دَخَلَت في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ. قال ابنُ شِهاب: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَت: صَدَقَ عُروةُ. وقَد جادَلَها في ذَلِكَ أُناسٌ وقالوا: إنَّ اللهَ ﵎ يقولُ: ﴿ثَلَاثَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"فلتطلق أو تمسك\".\n(^٢) قراءة شاذة تقدم التعليق عليها ص ٢١١.\nوالحديث تقدم في (١٥٠١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٧١/ ١٤).","vol":"15","page":490},{"text":"قُرُوءٍ﴾. فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: وتَدرونَ (^١) ما الأقراءُ؟ إنَّما الأقراءُ الأطهارُ. قالا: وأخبرَنا مالك عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: ما أدرَكتُ أحَدًا مِن فُقَهائِنا إلَّا وهو يقولُ هَذا. يُريدُ الَّذِى قالَت عائشَةُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: صَدَقتُم، وهَل تَدرونَ ما الأقراءُ؟ الأقراءُ الأطهارُ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَمْرةَ (^٣)، عن عائشةَ قالَت: الأقراءُ الأطهارُ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ قال: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عِن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: إذا دَخَلَتِ المُطَلَّقَةُ في الحَيضةِ الثّالِثَةِ فقَد بَرِئَت منه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أتدرون\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٠٤، ٤٦٠٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٠٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٦، ٥٧٧، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦١.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عروة بن الزبير\"، وفى ص ٨: \"عروة\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٤٧)، والمصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧٣) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢١٨٧) من طريق الأحمسى به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٣١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٥ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧٤). وأخرجه الشافعى ٥/ ٢٠٩ عن سفيان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره =","vol":"15","page":491},{"text":"١٥٤٧٤ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ وزَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ الأحوَصَ هَلَكَ بالشّامِ حينَ دَخَلَتِ امرأتُه في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ، وكانَ قَد طَلَّقَها فكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ -﵁- إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- يَسأَلُه عن ذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه زَيدٌ أنَّها إذا دَخَلَت في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضةِ الثّالِثَةِ فقَد بَرِئَت مِنه وبَرِئَ مِنها، ولا تَرِثُه ولا يَرِثُها. وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: وقَد كان طَلَّقَها. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ (^٢)، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: كَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ -﵁- إلَى زَيدٍ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ زَيدٌ: إذا طعَنت (^٣) المُطَلَّقَةُ في الحَيضَةِ الثالِثَةِ فقَد بَرِئَت مِنه (^٤).\n_________\n=٤/ ٩٦ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٠٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٠٩، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٧، وعندهم جميعا: \"وقد كان طلقها\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"سنان\". وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٩٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٣) في م: \"دخلت\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٠٢) عن سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":492},{"text":"١٥٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه فدَخَلَت في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ فقَد بَرِئَت مِنه وبَرِئَ مِنها، ولا تَرِثُه ولا يَرِثُها (^١).\n\n١٥٤٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِى الصَّيدَلانِيُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا دَخَلَت في الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ فلا رَجعَةَ له عَلَيها (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الخَيّاطُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الجُنَيدِ الدّامَغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال زَيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٧٦)، والمعرفة (٤٦٠٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٠، ومالك في الموطأ بروإية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٨، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٨ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١١٠٠٤) من طريق أيوب به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٠٥) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":493},{"text":"ثابِتٍ: إذا رأت (^١) المُطَلَّقَةُ قَطرَةً مِنَ الدَّمِ في الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ فقَدِ انقَضَت عِدَّتُها (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن الفُضَيلِ بنِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى المَهرِىِّ أنَّه سألَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ وسالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عن المَرأَةِ إذا طُلِّقَت فدَخَلَت في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ، فقالا: قَد بانَت مِنه وحَلَّت (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٨٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وأَبِى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ ذَلِكَ: إذا دَخَلَتِ المُطَلَّقَةُ في الدَّمِ مِنَ الحَيضةِ الثالِثَةِ فقَد بانَت مِن زَوجِها ولا ميراثَ بَينَهُما ولا رَجعَةَ له عَلَيها. قال مالكٌ: وذلك الأمرُ الَّذِى أدرَكتُ عَلَيه أهلَ العِلمِ ببَلَدِنا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3332>بابُ مَن قال: الأقراءُ الحِيَضُ</span>\n\n١٥٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"قطرت من\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٠ من طريق هشام بن حسان به، دون ذكر سليمان. وعبد الرزاق (١١٠٠٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦٢ من طريق سليمان بن يسار به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ ظـ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٥٧٨، وعنه الشافعى ٥/ ٢١٠.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و، ١٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٨، وعنه =","vol":"15","page":494},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ استُحيضَت، فسألَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺأو سُئلَ لَها النبىُّ -ﷺ- فأَمَرَها أن تَدَعَ الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ أقرائِها، وأَن تَغتَسِلَ فيما سِوَى ذَلِكَ وتَستَدفِرَ (^١) بثَوبٍ وتُصلِّىَ، فقيلَ لِسُلَيمانَ: أيغشاها زَوجُها؟ فقالَ: إنَّما نَقولُ فيما سَمِعنا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ، إلَّا أنَّهُما ذَكَرا أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ استَفتَت لَها (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ بهَذِه الرِّوايَةِ، وزَعَمَ أنَّ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ رَواه عن أيّوبَ هَكَذا، قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ما حَدَّثَ سفيانُ بهَذا قَطُّ، إنَّما قال سفيانُ: عن أيّوبَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أُمَ سلمةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النبىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تَدَعُ الصَّلاةَ عَدَدَ اللَّيالِى والأيّامِ التى كانَت تَحيضُهُنَّ\". أو قال: \"أيّامَ أقرائِها\". الشَّكُّ مِن أيّوبَ، لا يَدرِى قال هَذا أو هَذا، فجَعَلَه هو أحَدَهُما على ناحيَةٍ مِمّا يُريدُ، ولَيسَ هَذا بصِدقٍ (^٤).\n_________\n= الشافعى ٥/ ٢١٠.\n(^١) كذا جاء هنا، وتقدم في (١٦٠٣) من طرق أيوب به، وفيه: \"وتستذفر\". بالذال المعجمة، وتقدم معناه هناك.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٠٨، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٣٥٦) عن إسماعيل به. وتقدم في (١٦٠٣).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٦٠٣) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦١٤).","vol":"15","page":495},{"text":"١٥٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ (^١)، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانىِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ أبى حُبَيشٍ استُحيضَت، فسألَت لَها أُمُّ سلمةَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- \"لَيسَت بالحَيضَةِ، إنَّما هو عِرقٌ\". فأَمَرَها أن تَدَعَ الصَّلاةَ أيّامَ أقرائِها وأَيّامَ حَيضتِها ثُمَّ تَغتَسِلَ ثم تُصَلِّىَ، فإِن غَلَبَها الدَّمُ استَذفَرَت (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُه، والصَّوابُ: أيّامَ أقرائِها أو أيّامَ حَيضتِها بالشَّكِّ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ المَخزومِىُّ عن سُفيانَ فقالَ: \"لِتَنظُر عِدَّةَ اللَّيالِى والأيّامِ التى كانَت تَحيضُهُن وقَدرَهُنَّ مِنَ الشَّهرِ فلتَترُكِ الصَّلاةَ لذلك (^٤) \".\nكما رَواه نافِعٌ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ونافِعٌ أحفَظُ عن سُلَيمانَ مِن أيّوبَ، وهو يقولُ مِثلَ أحَدِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"يسار\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"استدفرت\". وينظر معنى الاستذفار فيما تقدم في (١٦٠٣). والحديث أخرجه الحمدى (٣٠٢) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٠٣)، وفيه: \"وأيام حيضها\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"كذلك\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٠٧ من طريق أبى عبيد الله المخزومى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الشافعى ١/ ٦٠، ٧/ ٢٠٨، وابن أبى شيبة (١٣٥٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ١٥٠.","vol":"15","page":496},{"text":"مَعنَيَى أيّوبَ اللَّذَينِ رَواهُما (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوىَ هَذا اللَّفظُ الَّذِى احتَجّوا به في أحاديثَ ذَكَرناها في كِتابِ الحَيضِ، وتِلكَ الأحاديثُ في نَفسِها مُختَلَفٌ فيها؛ فبَعضُ الرّواةِ قال فيها: \"أيّامَ أقرائِها\". وبَعضهُم قال فيها: \"أيّامَ حَيضِها\". أو ما في مَعناه (^٢)، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مِن جِهَةِ الرّواةِ، كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم يُعَبِّرُ عنه بما يَقَعُ له، والأحاديثُ الصِّحَاحُ مُتَّفِقَةٌ على العِبارَةِ عنه بأَيّامِ الحَيضِ دونَ لَفظِ الأقراءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَت: إنَّ زَوجِى طَلَّقَنِى، ثُمَّ تَرَكَنِى حَتَّى رَدَدتُ بابِى ووَضعتُ مائى وخَلَعتُ ثيابِى، فقالَ: قَد راجَعتُكِ قَد راجَعتُكِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ لابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- وهو إلَى جَنبِه: ما تَقولُ فيها؟ قال: أرَى أنَّه أحَقُّ بها حَتَّى تَغتَسِلَ مِنَ الحَيضةِ الثّالِثَةِ، وتَحِلَّ لَها الصَّلاةُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: وأَنا أرَى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦١٥).\n(^٢) تقدمت هذه الأحاديث في (٥٧١، ١٥٨٤، ١٥٩٤، ١٦٠٥، ١٦٠٧، ١٦٤٧، ١٦٥١، ١٦٧١، ١٦٧٨، ١٦٨٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٨٠)، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٩٨٨)، ووقع في مطبوعه: عن إبراهيم قال:\nجاءت امرأة وزوجها إلى عمر ...، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٦١٦). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩١، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤١٦٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"15","page":497},{"text":"١٥٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه فهو أحَقُّ بها حَتَّى تَغتَسِلَ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثالِثَةِ، في الواحِدَةِ والاثنتينِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ قال: أرسَلَ عثمانُ -﵁- إلَى أُبَىٍّ -﵁- يَسأَلُه عن رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثُمَّ راجَعَها حينَ (^٢) دَخَلَت في الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ، قال أُبىُّ (^٣): أرَى أنَّه أحَقُّ بها ما لَم تَغتَسِلْ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثالِثَةِ وتَحِل لَها الصَّلاةُ. قال: لا أعلَمَ عثمانَ -﵁- إلَّا أخَذَ بذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُمَرَ وعَبدِ اللهِ وأَبِى موسَى -﵃- في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه فتَحيضُ ثَلاثَ حِيَضٍ فيُراجِعُها قَبلَ أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦١٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٧٩. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١١٤) عن سفيان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٣، ٩٥ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"حتى\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"إنى\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٨٧)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٤، والطبرانى (٩٦١٩).","vol":"15","page":498},{"text":"تَغتَسِلَ، قال: هو أحَقُّ بها ما لَم تَغتَسِلْ مِنَ الحَيضَةِ الثّالِثَةِ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: ﴿ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾. ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ثلاثَ حيَضٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: الأقراءُ الحِيَضُ، عن أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ-، وأَمّا قَولُ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فإِنَّما أخَذَه مِن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٨٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ مِثلَ قَولِ زَيدٍ وعائشَةَ -﵃- (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٩٧) من طريق الحسن به بنحوه. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٠ من طريق يونس عن عمر. وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٢٢) من طريق يونس عن أبى موسى. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٠ من طريق الحسن عن أبى موسى.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٨٨ من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٠٩٩٢) وفيه: \"وأما قول ابن عمر: الطهور ... \". وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٨٩ من طريق ابن جريج به دون قوله: \"وأما قول ابن عمر ... \".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١١٠٠٤)، وفى الأمالى (٦٦)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٩٦.","vol":"15","page":499},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِىُّ وغَيرُه: يُقالُ: قَد أقرأتِ المَرأَةُ. إذا دَنا حَيضُها، و: أَقرأت. إذا دَنا طُهرُها. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: فأَصلُ الأقراءِ إنَّما هِىَ وقتُ الشَّئِ إذا حَضَرَ، قال الأعشَى يَمدَحُ رَجُلًا بغَزوَةٍ غَزاها (^١):\nمُوَرِّثَةٍ مالًا وفِى الذِّكرِ رِفعَةً ... لِما ضاعَ فيها مِن قُروءِ نِسائِكا\nفالقُروءُ ههُنا الأطهارُ؛ لأنَّ النِّساءَ لا يؤتَيْنَ (^٢) إلَّا فيها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3333>بابٌ: لا تَعتَدُّ بالحَيضَةِ التى وقَعَ فيها الطَّلاقُ</span>\n\n١٥٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ [محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ] (^٤) الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: إذا طَلَّقَها وهِىَ حائضٌ لَم تَعتَدَّ بتِلكَ الحَيضَةِ. قال يَحيَى: وهَذا غَريبٌ لَيسَ يُحَدِّثُ به إلَّا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى مَعناه يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ المِصرِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ديوان الأعشى ص ٩٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"يوطأن\".\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٣٣٤.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٧٥١) عن عباس الدورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٩٣٢) عن عبد الوهاب به دون قول يحيى.\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٤١٦).","vol":"15","page":500},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: إذا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه وهِىَ نُفَساءُ لَم تَعتَدَّ بدَمِ نِفاسِها في عِدَّتِها (^١).\n\n١٥٤٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهِىَ حائضٌ أو وهِىَ نُفَساءُ فعَلَيها ثلاثُ حِيَضٍ سِوَى الدَّمِ الَّذِى هِىَ فيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3334>بابُ تصديقِ المَرأةِ فيما يُمكِنُ فيه انقِضاءُ عِدَّتِها</span>\n\n١٥٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ صُبَيحٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبِ قال: إنَّ مِنَ الأمانَةِ أنَّ المَرأَةَ اؤتُمِنتْ على فرجِها (^٢).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ عن سُفيانَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: اؤتُمِنَتِ المرأةُ على فرجِها (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٤٤).\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١٣١٢). وأخرجه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٥١٣) من طريق فضيل به. وقد تقدم في (١٥٢٧٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦١٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٠.","vol":"15","page":501},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- فقالَ: إنِّى طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى فجاءَت بَعدَ شَهرٍ (^١) فقالَت: قَدِ انقَضَت عِدَّتِى. وعِندَ علىٍّ -﵁- شُرَيحٌ، فقالَ: قُلْ فيها. قال: وأَنتَ شاهِدٌ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: إن جاءَت ببِطانَةٍ مِن أهلِها مِنَ العُدولِ يَشهَدونَ أنَّها حاضَت ثَلاثَ حِيَضٍ وإلَّا فهِىَ كاذِبَةٌ. فقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: قالُونْ. بالرّوميَّةِ، أى: أصَبتَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"شهرين\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١٣١٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٥٢٣)، والدارمى (٨٨٣) من طريق إسماعيل ابن خالد به بنحوه.\nوبعده في الأصل: \"قال الشافعى في كتاب على وعبد الله -﵄-: أما نحن فنقول بما روى عن على -﵁-؛ لأنه موافق لما روى عن النبى -ﷺ-؛ أنه لم يجعل للحيض وقتا، وروى عن مالك عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه عن عائشة -﵂- أنها قالت: قالت فاطمة بنت أبى حبيش: يا رسول الله، إنى لا أطهر أفأدع الصلاة؟ فقال النبى -ﷺ-: \"إنما ذلك عرق وليست بالحيضة، فإذا أقبلت الحيضة فاتركى الصلاة، فإذا ذهب قدرها فاغسلى الدم عنك وصلى\". أخبرناه أبو سعيد بن أبى عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباس الأصم، أخبرنا الربيع بن سليمان قال: قال الشافعى. فذكره. قال الشافعى: فلم يوقت النبى -ﷺ- لها وقتا في الحيضة فيقول: كذا وكذا يوما. ولكنه قال: \"إذا أقبلت، وإذا أدبرت\". قال الشيخ: وهذا الذى يروى عن على -﵁- يوافق مذهب الشافعى ﵀؛ لأنه قال: إن علمنا أن طهر امرأة أقل من خمسة عشر صدقنا المطلقة على أقل ما علمنا من طهر امرأة\". وكتب فوق أوله: \"لا\"، وفوق آخره: \"إلى\". وتقدم الحديث في (١٥٥٣).","vol":"15","page":502},{"text":"سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عَزرَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ العُرَنِىِّ، أنَّ شُرَيحًا رُفِعَت إلَيه امرأةٌ طَلَّقَها زَوجُها، فحاضَت في خَمسٍ وثَلاثينَ لَيلَةً ثَلاثَ حِيَضٍ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ الشَّعبِىِّ، فرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ شُرَيحٌ إلَى علىٍّ -﵁- فقالَ: سَلوا عَنها جاراتِها، فإِن كان حَيضُها [هكذا كان قد] (^١) انقَضَت عِدَّتُها. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن أشعَثَ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أكثَرُ الحَيضِ خَمسَ عَشْرةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٤٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو إبراهيمَ الزُّهرىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مَعقِلِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ قال: أدنَى وقتِ الحَيضِ يَومٌ. قال أبو إبراهيمَ: إلَى هَذَينِ الحديثَينِ كان يَذهَبُ (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٨٤) وفيه: عروة. بدل: عزرة. وأخرجه حرب الكرمانى- كما في فتح البارى لابن رجب ٢/ ١٤٤ من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٥٢٨) من طريق حفص به بنحوه. وتقدم في (١٥٥٥، ١٥٥٦).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الزاهدى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ١١٧.\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"الإمام الورع الإمام\".\n(^٦) الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه الدارمى (٨٨٣) من طريق معقل به، دون قول أبى إبراهيم. وتقدم في=","vol":"15","page":503},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3335>بابُ عِدَّةِ مَن تَباعَدَ حَيضُها</span>\n\n١٥٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ أنَّه قال: كانَت عِندَ جَدِّه حَبّانَ امرأتانِ له؛ هاشِميَّةٌ وأَنصاريِّةٌ، فطَلَّقَ الأنصاريَّةَ وهِىَ تُرضِعُ، فمَرَّت بها سَنةٌ ثُمَّ هَلَكَ عَنها ولَم تَحِضْ، فقالَت: أنا أرِثُه؛ لَم أحِضْ. فاختَصَما إلَى عثمانَ -﵁-، فقَضَى لها (^١) عثمانُ بالميراثِ، فلامَتِ الهاشِميَّةُ عثمانَ، فقالَ عثمانُ -﵁-: ابنُ عَمِّكِ هو أشارَ إلَينا بهَذا. يَعنِى عَلىَّ ابنَ أبى طالبٍ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n١٥٤٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، أخبَرَه أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: حَبّانُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ. طَلَّقَ امرأتَه وهو صَحيحٌ وهِىَ تُرضِعُ ابنَتَه، فمَكَثَت سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا لا تَحيضُ؛ يَمنَعُها الرَّضاعُ أن تَحيضَ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ حَبّانُ بَعدَ أن طَلَّقَها سَبعَةَ أشهُرٍ أو ثَمانيَةً، فقيلَ له: إنَّ امرأتَكَ تُريدُ أن تَرِثَ. فقالَ لأهلِه: احمِلونِى إلَى\n_________\n= (١٥٤٩) دون قول أبى إبراهيم.\n(^١) في س، م: \"لهما\".\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٢، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٥/ ٢١٢.","vol":"15","page":504},{"text":"عثمانَ -﵁-. فحَمَلوه إلَيه، فذَكَرَ له شأنَ امرأتِه وعِندَه علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵄-، فقالَ لَهُما عثمانُ -﵁-: ما تَرَيانِ؟ فقالا: نَرَى أنَّها تَرِثُه إن ماتَ، ويَرِثُها إن ماتَت؛ فإِنَّها لَيسَت مِنَ القَواعِدِ اللَّاتِى قَد يَئسنَ مِنَ المَحيضِ، ولَيسَت مِنَ الأبكارِ اللَّاتِى لَم يَبلُغْنَ المَحيضَ، ثُمَّ هِىَ على عِدَّةِ حَيضِها ما كان مِن قَليلٍ أو كَثيرٍ. فرَجَعَ حَبّانُ إلَى أهلِه فأَخَذَ ابنَتَه، فلَمّا فقَدَتِ الرَّضاعَ حاضت حَيضةً، ثُمَّ حاضَت حَيضَةً أُخرَى، ثُمَّ توُفِّىَ حَبّانُ قَبلَ أن تَحيضَ الثّالِثَةَ، فاعتَدَّتْ عِدَّةَ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها ووَرِثَتْهُ (^١).\n\n١٥٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ والأعمَشِ ومَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه تَطليقَةً أو تَطَليقَتَينِ، ثُمَّ حاضتْ حَيضَةً أو حَيضَتَينِ، ثُمَّ ارتَفَعَ حَيضُها سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا أو ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، ثُمَّ ماتَت فجاءَ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ فسألَه، فقالَ: حَبَسَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكَ ميراثَها. فوَرَّثَه مِنها (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٠٠ - فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٢٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٠١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١١٠٤) من طريق حماد به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٢٠)، والمصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٩٢) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"15","page":505},{"text":"أخبرَنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ويَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أيُّما امرأةٍ طُلِّقَت فحاضَت حَيضَةً أو حَيضَتَينِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَتها حَيضَةٌ (^١) فإِنَّها تَنتَظِرُ تِسعَةَ أشهُرٍ، فإِن بانَ بها حَملٌ فذاكَ، وإلَّا اعتَدَّت بَعدَ التِّسعَةِ ثَلاثَةَ أشهُرٍ ثُمَّ حَلَّت (^٢).\nفإِلى ظاهِرِ هَذا كان يَذهَبُ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ في القَديمِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عنه في الجَديدِ إلَى قَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وحَمَلَ كَلامَ عُمَرَ -﵁- على كَلامِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ: قَد يَحتَمِلُ قَولُ عُمَرَ أن يَكونَ في المَرأَةِ قَد بَلَغَتِ السِّنَّ التى مَن بَلَغَها مِن نِسائِها يَئسنَ مِنَ المَحيضِ، فلا يَكونُ مُخالِفًا لِقَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ، وذَلِكَ وجهُهُ (^٣) عِندَنا (^٤). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3336>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وكانَ بَيِّنًا في الآيَةِ بالتَّنزيلِ أنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لِلمُطَلَّقَةِ أن تَكتُمَ ما في رَحِمِها مِنَ المَحيضِ، وكان ذَلِكَ يَحتَمِلُ الحَملَ مَعَ الحَيضِ.\nورَوَى عن سعيدِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّ مجاهدًا قال في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾: المَرأَةُ المُطَلَّقَةُ لا يَحِلُّ\n_________\n(^١) رفعتها حيضة: أى لم تأتها. شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٢/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٢٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٣، ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٩٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢١٦)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٣٢٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وجه\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢١٣.","vol":"15","page":506},{"text":"لَها أن تَقولَ: أنا حُبلَى. ولَيسَتْ بحُبلَى، ولا: لَستُ بحُبلَى. وهِىَ حُبلَى، ولا: أنا حائضٌ. ولَيسَتْ بحائضٍ، ولا: لَستُ بحائضٍ. وهِىَ حائضٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضْرُوىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ﴾ قال: أكثَرُ ما عُنِىَ به الحَيضُ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: الحَيضُ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٠٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا (^٤) جَريرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: أن تَقولَ: إنِّى حائضٌ. ولَيسَت بحائضٍ، أو تَقولَ: إنِّى لَستُ بحائضٍ. وهِىَ حائضٌ، أو تَقولَ: إنِّى حُبلَى. ولَيسَتْ بحُبلَى، أو تَقولَ إنِّى لَستُ بحُبلَى. وهِىَ حُبلَى، وذلك كلُّه في بُغضِ المَرأَةِ زَوجَها وحُبِّهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3337>بابُ عِدَّةِ التى يَئِسَت مِنَ المَحيضِ والَّتِى لَم تَحِضْ</span>\n\n١٥٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٢٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٧ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٢/ ٤١٦ (٢١٩٢) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٢٢، ١٩٣٢٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ١٠٤ من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٤) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ١٠٩ من طريق جرير به.","vol":"15","page":507},{"text":"العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سالِمٍ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ التى في سورَةِ \"البَقَرَة\" في عِدَدٍ مِن عِدَدِ النِّساءِ قالوا: قَد بَقِىَ عِدَدٌ مِن عِدَدِ النِّساءِ لَم يُذكَرنَ؛ الصِّغارُ، والكِبارُ اللَّاتى انقَطَعَ عَنهُنَّ الحَيضُ، وذَواتُ الأحمالِ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ الآيَةَ التى في \"النِّساءِ\" (^١): ﴿وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ (^٢) [الطلاق: ٤].\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَولُه: ﴿إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ﴾ فلَم تَدروا ما تَعتَدُّ غَيرُ ذَواتِ الأقراءِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3338>بابُ السِّنِّ التى يَجوزُ أن تَحيضَ فيها المَرأَةُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: أعجَلُ مَن سَمِعتُ به مِنَ النِّساءِ يَحِضْنَ نِساءٌ بتِهامَةَ؛ يَحِضنَ لِتِسعِ سِنينَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حدثنا علىُ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مَحمودٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنى عُمَيرُ (^٥) بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ،\n_________\n(^١) يعنى سورة الطلاق وتسمى سورة النساه القصرى كما في تفسير ابن أبى حاتم ١٠/ ٣٣٦٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٩٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٩٢. وتقدم في (١٥٤٦٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٢١٤.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢١٤، وتقدم في (١٥٤٧).\n(^٥) في س: \"عمرو\".","vol":"15","page":508},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ موسَى الضَّبِّىُّ (^١)، حَدَّثَنِى عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المُهَلَّبِىُّ قال: أدرَكتُ فينا -يَعنِى المَهالِبَةَ- امرأةً صارَتْ جَدَّةً وهِىَ ابنَةُ ثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ؛ ولَدَت لِتِسعِ سِنينَ ابنَةً، فوَلَدَتِ ابنَتُها لِتِسعِ سِنينَ، فصارَتْ جَدَّةً وهِىَ ابنَةُ ثَمانِ عشرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ أنَّ أبا صالِحٍ حَدَّثَه، عن رَجُلٍ أخبَرَهُ أنَّ ابنَةً له حَمَلَتْ وهِىَ ابنَةُ عَشرِ سِنينَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَعيدٍ (^٤) أبو سعيدٍ الأحدَبُ الخَولانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنى كاتِبِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ أنَّ امرأةً في جِوارِهِم حَمَلَت وهِىَ بنتُ تِسعِ سِنينَ (^٥).\nوقَد ذَكَرْنا سائرَ الحِكاياتِ فيه في كِتابِ الحَيضِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية م: \"العبسى\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٣، وفيه: \"عمر بن المتوكل\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٥٢٣، وسقط من المطبوع: \"ابن أبى داود\"، وهو مثبت بطبعة دار الفكر بتحقيق يحيى مختار غزاوى ٤/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٤) في م: \"سعد\". وينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٥٢٣.\n(^٥) الكامل ٤/ ١٥٢٣.\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٤٧) وما بعده.","vol":"15","page":509},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3339>بابُ عِدَّةِ الحامِلِ المُطَلَّقَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎ في المُطَلَّقاتِ: ﴿وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٤].\n\n١٥٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أنَّ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبى اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ الأشجَعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عُقبَةَ أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- فجاءَته وهو يَتَوَضّأُ فقالَت: إنِّى أُحِبُّ أن تَطيبَ نَفسِى بتَطليقَةٍ. ففَعَلَ وهِىَ حامِلٌ، فذَهَبَ إلَى المَسجِدِ فجاءَ وقَد وضَعَتْ ما في بَطنِها، فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَ له ما صنَعَ، فقالَ: \"بَلَغَ الكِتابُ أجَلَه، فاخطُبها إلَى نَفسِها\". فقالَ: خَدَعَتنى خَدَعَها اللهُ (^١).\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبى المَليحِ الرَّقِّىِّ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى القاسِمِ عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ (^٢).\nورُوىَ في مَعناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3340>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَضَعُ سِقْطًا</span>\n\n١٥٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٢٦) من طريق سمان به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٤٦٩) من طريق عمرو بن ميمون به. وقال البوصيرى في الزوائد: رجاله إسناده ثقات، إلا أنه منقطع، وميمون هو ابن مهران روايته عن الزبير مرسلة قاله المزى في الِتهذيب. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٢١١، والإرواء (٢١١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٩ من طريق أبى المليح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٩.","vol":"15","page":510},{"text":"حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: حدثنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو الصّادِقُ المصَدوقُ: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم يُجمَعُ خَلقُه في بَطنِ أُمِّه أربَعينَ يَومًا، ثُمَّ تَكونُ عَلَقَةً مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ (^١) تَكونُ مُضمغَةً مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُبعَثُ إليه (^٢) المَلَكُ فيَنفُخُ فيه الرُّوحَ، ثُمَّ يُؤمَرُ بأَربَع؛ اكتبْ (^٣) رِزقَه وعَمَلَه وأَجَلَه وشقِىٌّ هو أم سعيدٌ، فوالَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه إن أحَدَكُم لَيَعمَلُ عَمَلَ أهلِ النّارِ حَتَّى ما يَكونُ بَينَه وبَينَها إلَّا ذِراعٌ، فيَسبِقُ عَلَيه الكِتابُ فيُخْتَمُ له بعَمَلِ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ فيَدخُلُها، وإنَّ أحَدَكُم لَيَعمَلُ بعَمَلِ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ حَتى ما يَكونُ بَينَه وبَينَها إلَّا ذِراعٌ، فيَسبِقُ عَلَيه الكِتابُ فيُختَمُ له بعَمَلِ أهلِ النّارِ فيَدخُلُها\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٥). وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٦).\n\n١٥٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ وأبو النُّعمانِ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"مثل\".\n(^٢) في م: \"الله\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"كلمات كتب\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (١٨٤)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٨٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢٤)، والترمذى (٢١٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٧٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأبو داود (٤٧٠٨)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٢٤٦)، وابن حبان (٦١٧٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٦٤٣/ ١).\n(^٦) البخارى (٣٢٠٨، ٣٣٣٢، ٦٥٩٤، ٧٤٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٤٣/ ١، وعقبه).","vol":"15","page":511},{"text":"حَمادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عبيدُ (^١) اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ وكَّلَ بالرَّحِمِ مَلَكًا يقولُ: أى رَبِّ نُطفَةٌ، أى رَبِّ عَلَقَةٌ، أى رَبِّ مُضغَةٌ. فإِذا أرادَ اللهُ أن يَقضِىَ خَلقَها قال: أى (^٢) رَبِّ، أذَكَرٌ أم أُنثَى؟ أشَقِىٌّ أم سعيدٌ؟ فما الرِّزقُ؟ فما الأجَلُ؟ فيُكتَبُ كَذَلِكَ في بَطنِ أُمِّه\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كامِلٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ، عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ أَسِيدٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يوَكَّلُ الموكَّلُ (^٥) على النُّطفَةِ بَعدَما تَستقِرُّ في الرَّحِمِ بأَربَعينَ (^٦) أو خَمسينٍ وأَربَعينَ لَيلَةً، فيقولُ: أى رَبِّ ماذا أشَقِىِّ أو سعيدٌ؟ فيقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿، فيَكتُبانِ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: أى رَبِّ أذَكَرٌ أم أُنثَى؟ فيقولُ اللهُ ﷿، فيَكتُبانِ، فيُكتبُ عَمَلُه وأَجَلُه ورِزقُه وأَثَرُه، ثُمَّ تُرفَعُ الصُّحُفُ فلا يُزادُ فيها ولا يُنقَصُ\" (^٧). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٥.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يا\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٢٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٥٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٣٣٣)، ومسلم (٢٦٤٦).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الملك\".\n(^٦) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"يومًا\".\n(^٧) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٠٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٤٢) عن سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة في مسنده (٨١٨) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٨) مسلم (٢٦٤٤).","vol":"15","page":512},{"text":"١٥٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا أبو الطاهرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ المَكَىِّ، أنَّ عامِرَ بنَ واثِلَةَ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: الشَّقِىُّ مَن شَقِىَ في بَطنِ أُمِّه، والسَّعيدُ مَن وُعِظَ بغَيرِه. فأَتَى رَجُلًا (^١) مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُقالُ له: حُذَيفَةُ بنُ أَسِيدٍ الغِفارِىُّ. فحَدَّثَه بذَلِكَ مِن قَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ وقالَ: كَيفَ يَشقَى رَجُلٌ بغَيرِ عَمَلٍ (^٢)؟ فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: أتَعجَبُ مِن ذَلِكَ؟ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا مَرَّ بالنُّطفَةِ ثِنتانِ وأَربَعونَ لَيلَةً بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إلَيها مَلَكًا فصوَّرَها وخَلَقَ سَمعَها وبَصَرَها وجِلدَها ولَحمَها وعظامَها، ثُمَّ قال: يا رَبِّ أذَكَرٌ أم أُنثَى؟ فيقضِى رَبُّكَ ما شاءَ اللهُ (^٣) ويَكتُبُ المَلَكُ، ثم يقولُ: يا رَبِّ أجَلُه؟ فيقولُ رَبُّكَ ما شاءَ ويَكتُبُ المَلَكُ، فيقولُ: يا (^٤) رَبِّ رِزقُه؟ فيَقضِى رَبُّكَ ما شاءَ ويَكتُبُ [الملَكُ، ثم يَخرُجُ الملَكُ] (^٥) بالصَّحيفَةِ في يَدِه فلا يَزيدُ على أمرِه ولا يَنقُصُ\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطاهِرِ (^٧).\n\n١٥٥١٣ - ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: أجَلُ كُلِّ حامِلٍ أن تَضَعَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"رجل\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عمله\".\n(^٣) ضبب على لفظ الجلالة في: الأصل.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أى\".\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"ثم يخرج\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٢٨٣)، وابن وهب في القدر (٣١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦١٧٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٧) مسلم (٢٦٤٥).","vol":"15","page":513},{"text":"ما في بَطنِها. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3341>بابُ الحَيضِ على الحَملِ</span>\n\n١٥٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ امرأةً توُفِّىَ زَوجُها فعَرَّضَ لَها رَجُلٌ بالخِطبَةِ، حَتَّى إذا حَلَّت تَزَوَّجَها، فمكثت (^٢) أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ ونِصفًا ثُمَّ ولَدَت، فبَلَغَ شأنُها عُمَرَ ابنَ الخطابِ -﵁-، فأَرسَلَ إلَى المَرأَةِ فسألَها، فقالَت: هو واللهِ ولَدُه. فسألَ عُمَرُ عن المَرأَةِ فلَم يُخبَرْ عَنها إلَّا خَيرًا، ثُمَّ إنَّه أرسَلَ إلَى نِساءِ الجاهِليَّةِ فجَمَعَهُنَ ثُمَّ سألَهُنَ عن شأنِها وخَبَرِها، فقالَتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُنَّ لَها: هَل كُنتِ تَحيضينَ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قالَت: مَتَى عَهدُكِ بزَوجِكِ؟ قالَت: قَبلَ أن يَموتَ. قالَت: أنا أُخبِرُكَ خَبَرَ هذه المَرأَةِ؛ حَمَلَت مِن زَوجِها، فكانَت تُهَراقُ (^٣) عَلَيه، فحَشنَّ (^٤) ولَدُها على الهِراقَةِ، حَتَى إذا تَزَوَّجَت وأَصابَه الماءُ مِن زَوجِها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٦٩) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فلبثت\".\n(^٣) فكانت تهراق عليه: أى تحيض. ينظر المنتقى شرح الموطأ ٦/ ١١.\n(^٤) حش: ضعف ورقَّ، أو يبس. ينظر المصدر السابق. وهو بفتح الحاء، وقيل: بضمها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٤.","vol":"15","page":514},{"text":"انتَعَشَ وتَحَرَّكَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ فانقَطَعَ عَنها الدَّمُ، فهِىَ حينَ ولَدَت ولَدَته لِتَمامِ سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ. قالَتِ النِّساءُ: صَدَقَت، هَذا شأنُه (^١). ففَرَّقَ عُمَرُ بَينَهُما (^٢).\n\n١٥٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ (^٣) عبدِ العَزيزِ المُحتَسِبُ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ البخارىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ مَعمَرُ بنُ المُثَنَّى التَّيمِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كُنتُ قاعِدةً أغزِلُ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَخصِفُ نَعلَه، فجَعَلَ جَبينُه يَعرَقُ، وجَعَلَ عَرَقُه يَتَوَلَّدُ نورًا فبُهِتُّ، فنَظَرَ إلَىَّ النبىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ يا عائشَةُ بُهِتِّ؟ \". قُلتُ: جَعَلَ جَبينُكَ يَعرَقُ، وجَعَل عَرَقُكَ يَتَوَلَّدُ نورًا، ولَو رآكَ أبو كَبيرٍ الهُذَلِىُّ لَعَلِمَ أنَّكَ أحَقُّ بشِعرِهِ. قال: \"وما يقولُ أبو كَبيرٍ؟ \". قالَت: قُلتُ: يقولُ:\nومُبَرّأً مِن كل غُبَّرِ (^٤) حَيضَةٍ ... وفَسادِ مُرضِعَةٍ وداءٍ مُغْيِلِ\nفإذا نَظَرتَ إلَى أسِرَّةِ وجهِه ... بَرَقَت كَبَرْقِ العارِضِ (^٥) المُتَهَلِّلِ\nقالَت: فقامَ إلَىَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- وقَبَّلَ بَينَ عَينَىَّ وقالَ: \"جَزاكِ اللَّهُ يا عائشَةُ عَنِّى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"شأنها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٥٠) مطولًا من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به. وسيأتى في (١٥٦٥١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"حدثنا\". وينظر تاريخ جرجان ص ٣١٧.\n(^٤) عبَّر الحيض: بقاياه. تاج العروس ١٣/ ١٨٧ (غ ب ر).\n(^٥) العارض: السحاب المطل المعترض في الأفق. تاج العروس ١٨/ ٣٨٦ (ع ر ض).","vol":"15","page":515},{"text":"خَيرًا، ما سُرِرتِ مِنِّى كَسُرورِى مِنكِ\" (^١).\nففِى هَذا كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّ ابتِداءَ الحَملِ قَد يَكونُ في حالِ الحَيضِ، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لَم يُنكِرْ.\n\n١٥٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها سُئُلَت عن الحامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ: أتُصَلِّى؟ فقالَت: لا تُصلِّى حَتَّى يَذهَبَ عَنها الدَّمُ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ قال: ورَوَى إسحاقُ عن زَكَريّا بنِ عَدِىٍّ، عن [عبيدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو] (^٣)، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: إذا رأتِ الحامِلُ الدَّمَ تكُفُّ عن الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٢٥٢، ٢٥٣، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٣/ ٣٠٨ من طريق أبى حازم به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ٤٦ من طريق داود بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر (٨٢٢) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عبد الله بن عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٣٦.\n(^٤) ذكره العلائى في جامع التحصيل ص ٣٠٠ (٨٨٤) عن يحيى به، ثم قال: قال أحمد: لم يسمعه يحيى من عمرة.","vol":"15","page":516},{"text":"أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: لا يُختَلَفُ عِندَنا عن عائشةَ -﵂- في أنَّ الحامِلَ إذا رأتِ الدَّمَ أنَّها تُمسِكُ عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى تَطهُرَ (^١).\n\n١٥٥١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن أبى عِقالٍ، عن أنَسٍ وسُئلَ عن الحامِلِ: أتَترُكُ الصَّلاةَ إذا رأتِ الدَّمَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ.\n\n١٥٥٢٠ - وأَمّا الحَديث الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا [أبو عُمرَ، حدَّثنا] (^٢) هَمّامٌ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت في الحامِلِ إذا رأت الدمَ: فإِنَّها تَغتَسِلُ وتُصَلِّى (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٢٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. والدارمى (٩٦٤) من\nطريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أبو معمر وحدثنا\". وهو أبو عمر حفص بن عمر بن الحارث الحوضى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٨، ٣٠/ ٣٠٢، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٩٧٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٤٢٤ من طريق همام به بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (٦٠٩٦) من طريق مطر به بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (١٢١٤) من طريق عطاء به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":517},{"text":"حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ قال: أخبرَنا يَعقوبُ بنُ القَعقاعِ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ امرأةً أتَتها فقالَت: إنِّى أحيضُ وأَنا حُبلَى. فقالَت عائشَةُ: اغتَسِلِى وصَلِّى؛ فإِنَّ الحُبلَى لا تَحيضُ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ والحَوضىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: الحامِلُ لا تَحيضُ، إذا رأتِ الدَّمَ فلتَغتَسِلْ (^٢) وتُصَلِّى (^٣).\nفهَكَذا رَواه مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂-، وقَد ضَعَّفَ أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ عن عَطاءٍ.\n\n١٥٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى المُطَرِّزُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ. قال هَمّامٌ: ذَكَرتُ هَذا الحديثَ ليَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ فأَنكَرَه (^٤).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر (٨٢٠)، والدارقطنى ١/ ٢١٩ من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به بنحوه. والدارمى (٩٨٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٤٢٥ من طريق مطر به بنحوه.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"فلتغسل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٤) -ومن طريقه ابن المنذر (٨٢١) - والدارمى (٩٨٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٤٢٥ من طريق محمد بن راشد به بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٤٢٤، ٤٢٦ من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"15","page":518},{"text":"ابنُ أبى عِصمَةَ، حدثنا أبو طالِبٍ أحمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ قال: سألتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ عن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ عن مَطَرٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: الحامِلُ لا تَحيضُ، إذا رأتِ الدَّمَ صَلَّت. قال: كان يَحيَى-يَعنِى القَطّانَ- يُضعِّفُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى ومَطَرًا عن عَطاءٍ. يَعنِى كان يُضعِّفُ رِوايَتَهُما عن عَطاءٍ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ المُؤَذِّنَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الطَّيِّبِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىَّ يقولُ: قال لِى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: ما تَقولُ في الحامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ؟ فقلتُ: تُصَلِّى، واحتَجَجتُ بخَبَرِ عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂-. قالَ: فقالَ لِى أحمدُ: أينَ أنتَ عن خَبَرِ المَدَنيِّينَ؛ خَبَرِ أُمِّ عَلقَمَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-؟ فإِنَّه أصَحُّ. قالَ إسحاقُ: فرَجَعتُ إلَى قَولِ أحمدَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وأَمّا رِوايَةُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى عن عَطاءٍ فإِنَّ محمدَ بنَ راشِدٍ يَتَفَرَّدُ بها عن سليمانَ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ راشِدٍ ضعيفٌ (^٣).\nوقَد رَوَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ في الحامِلِ تَرَى الدَّمَ قال: هِىَ بمَنزِلَةِ المُستَحاضَةِ (^٤). ورَوَى الحَجّاجُ عن عَطاءٍ قال: إذا رأتِ الحامِلُ الدَّمَ فإِنَّها\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢١٩٣.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٢٧٩٩)، والمعرفة (٤٦٣١).\n(^٣) هو محمد بن راشد المكحولى الخزاعى الشامى، أبو يحيى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٨١، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٥٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٥٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٨٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٦٠: صدوق يهم، ورمى بالقدر.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٦١٠٨)، والدارمى (١٠٠٢) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":519},{"text":"تتَوَضّأُ وتُصلِّى ولا تَغتَسِلُ (^١). وهَذا يُخالِفُ رِوايَةَ مَن رَوَى عنه عن عائشةَ في الغُسلِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3342>بابٌ: الحامِلُ باثنَيِن لا تَنقَضِى عِدَّتُها بوَضعِ الأوَّلِ حَتَّى تَضَعَ الثّانِىَ</span>\n\n١٥٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍ وقالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن أبى عَمْرٍو (^٢) العَبدِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- في الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امرأتَه وفِى بَطنِها ولَدانِ فتَضَعُ واحِدًا ويَبقَى الآخَرُ قال: هو أحَقُّ برَجعَتِها ما لَم تَضَعِ الآخَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٢٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ، حدَّثَنا حَفصٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجِ، عن مَيسَرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. مثلَه (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٢٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ. مِثلَه (^٥).\n\n١٥٥٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج، عن عَطاءٍ. مِثلَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٩٧٧، ٩٨٣) من طريق الحجاج بنحوه.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمر\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٤٠٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٣٢) عن حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٣٣) عن حفص به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٠٠٨) عن ابن جريج به. وعندهما: \"عطاء بن ميسرة\" بدل: \"ميسرة\".\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٢٠١٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٣٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٣٤) عن حفص به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٠٠٧) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":520},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3343>بابٌ: لا عِدَّةَ على التى لَم يَدخُلْ بها زَوجُها</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٩].\n\n١٥٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٨]. قال: ﴿وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ﴾: فنَسَخَ مِن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: وإن (^١) طَلَّقتُموهُنَّ مِن قَبلِ أن تَمَسّوهُنَّ فما لَكُم عَلَيهِنَّ مِن عِدَّةٍ تَعتَدّونَها (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: لَيسَ لَها إلَّا نِصفُ المَهرِ، ولا عِدَّةَ عَلَيها. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وشُرَيحٌ يقولُ ذَلِكَ، فهو ظاهِرُ الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٨٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٩٩) من طريق على بن الحسين به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٠٣)، والمعرفة (٤٦٣٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٠.","vol":"15","page":521},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: اللَّمسُ والمَسُّ والمُباشَرَةُ إلَى الجِماعِ ما هو، ولَكِنَ اللهَ ﷿ كَنَى عَنه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3344>بابُ العِدَّةِ مِنَ المَوتِ والطَّلاقِ والزَّوجُ غائبٌ</span>\n\n١٥٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: تَعتَدُّ المُطَلَّقَةُ والمُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها مُنذُ يَومِ طُلِّقَت وتوُفِّىَ عَنها زَوجُها (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ ومَسروقٍ وعَبِيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: عِدَّةُ المُطَلَّقَةِ مِن حينِ تُطَلَّقُ، والمُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها مِن حينِ يُتَوَفَّى (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٣٣ - ورُوِّينا عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ يَحسِبُه عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٤١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٨٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٥ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٠٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٤٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٥١) من طريق عبيد الله به بنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٣٠، ١٩١٤٠).","vol":"15","page":522},{"text":"عباسٍ قال: مِن يَومِ يَموتُ. وهو فيما أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى الوَلدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوفِى \"كتاب ابن المنذر\" عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: تَعتَدُّ مِن يَومِ طَلَّقَها أو ماتَ عَنها (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّهُم قالوا: مِن يَومِ ماتَ أو طَلَّقَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخ: وهو قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَخَعِىِّ والزُّهرِىِّ وغيرِهِم (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن أبى صادِقٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: تَعتَدُّ مِن يَومِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٩١٢٩) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٤٣)، وفى الأمالى في آثار الصحابة (٧٥) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٥٢) من طريق قتادة دون ذكر سعيد بن جبير. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٠٤٥، ١١٠٤٨).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٠٤٤، ١١٠٤٦، ١١٠٤٩، ١١٠٥٠)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٢٨، ١٩١٣٤، ١٩١٣٥، ١٩١٥٣).","vol":"15","page":523},{"text":"يأتيها الخَبَرُ (^١). هَذا هو المَشهورُ عن علىٍّ -﵁-.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الشَعبِىُّ عن علىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٣٦ - وقَد رَواه الشافِعِىُّ في كِتابِ علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللهِ -﵄- بَلاغًا عن هُشَيمٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن أبى صادِقٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ ناجِدٍ، عن على -﵁- قال: العِدَّةُ مِن يَومِ يموتُ أو يُطلِّقُ. أَخبَرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافِعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوالرِّوايَةُ الأولَى عن علىٍّ -﵁- أشهَرُ، ونَحنُ إنَّما [نقولُ بما تقدمَ من قَولِ غَيرِه] (^٤) استِدلالًا بالكِتابِ، وبِاللهِ التَوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3345>بابُ عِدَّةِ الأمَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ -﵁-، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يَنكِحُ العَبدُ امرأتَينِ، ويُطَلِّقُ تَطليقَتَينِ، وتَعتَدُّ الأمَةُ حَيضتَينِ، فإِن لَم تكنْ تَحيضُ فشَهرَينِ أو شَهرًا ونِصفًا. قال سفيانُ: وكانَ ثِقَةً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٢١٠)، وابن حزم في المحلى ١١/ ٢٠ من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٥١) من طريق الشعبى.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٣٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٢.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"نقدم قول غيره على قوله\"، وفى ص ٨: \"نقدم قول غيره\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٤٠١٠. ١٥٢٥٥).","vol":"15","page":524},{"text":"١٥٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حَدَّثَنيه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: عِدَّةُ الأمَةِ إذا لَم تَحِضْ شَهرَينِ كعِدَّتِها (^١) إِذا حاضت حَيضتَينِ.\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: عِدَّةُ الأمَةِ حَيْضتَينِ (^٢)، فإِن لَم تَكُنْ تَحيضُ فشَهر ونِصفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: لَو استَطَعتُ لجعلْتُها (^٤) حَيضةً ونِصفًا. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: فاجعَلْها شَهرًا ونِصفًا. فَسَكَتَ عُمَرُ -﵁- (^٥).\n\n١٥٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) في م: \"حيضتان\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٧٨) من طريق الحسن به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أن أجعل عدة الأمة\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٤٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢١٧. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٢٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٨٥) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٨٧٤) من طريق عمرو بن ديار، وفيه: \"قال قتادة: فقام رجل\".","vol":"15","page":525},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، أنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لَو استَطَعتُ أن أجعَلَ عِدَّةَ الأمَةِ حَيضَةً ونِصفًا لَفَعَلتُ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، فاجعَلْها شَهرًا ونِصفًا. قال: فسَكَتَ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٤١ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: عِدَّةُ الحُرَّةِ ثلاثُ حيَضٍ، وعِدَّةُ الأمَةِ حَيضَتانِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَفَعَه غَيرُه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣)، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ.\n\n١٥٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطانُ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ يونُسَ الجُرجانىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى الكوفِىُّ، قال: حدثنا المُظاهِرُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُطَلَّقُ الأمَةُ تَطليقَتَينِ، وتَعتَدُّ حَيضَتَينِ\".\n\n١٥٥٤٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حاتِمٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ السِّندِىِّ قال: حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا المُظاهِرُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٢٧١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٢٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٢٦٤).","vol":"15","page":526},{"text":"عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِهِ. قال الضَّحّاكُ: فلَقِيتُ المُظاهِرَ فسألتُه فحَدَّثَنِى عن القاسِمِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- عن النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هَذا حَديثٌ تَفَرَّدَ به مُظاهِرُ بنُ أسلَمَ، وهو رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ (^٢) يُعرَفُ بهَذا الحديثِ، والصَّحيحُ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن عِدَّةِ الأمَةِ فقالَ: النّاسُ يَقولونَ: حَيضَتانِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ كانا يَقولانِ: عِدَّةُ الأمَةِ إذا هَلَكَ عَنها زَوجُها شَهرانِ وخَمسُ لَيالٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٤٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أيضًا مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٥).\nورُوِّيناه من وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والحَسَنِ والشَّعبِىِّ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3346>بابُ عِدَّةِ الوَفاةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٢٦٦).\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٥٢٦٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٢٦٧).\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٠٠) من قول الشعبى، وفى (١٩٠٩٧) من قول الحسن، وفى (١٩٠٩٩) من قول الشعبى.","vol":"15","page":527},{"text":"أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: حَفِظتُ عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالقُرآنِ أنَ هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت قَبلَ نُزولِ آىِ المَواريثِ، وأنَّها مَنسوخَةٌ، وأنَّ اللَّهَ أثبَتَ عَلَيها عِدَّةً أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، لَيسَ لَها الخيارُ في الخُروجِ مِنها ولا النَّكاحُ قَبلَها (^١).\n\n١٥٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىَّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ الشَّهيدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزَّبَيرِ قال: قُلتُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: قال ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ: قلتُ لِعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁-: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا﴾ قَد نَسَخَتها الآيَةُ الأُخرَى، فلِمَ نَكتُبُها؟ أو: تَدَعُها؟ قال: يا ابنَ أخِى، لا أُغَيِّرُ شَيئًا مِنه مِن مَكانِهِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ علىًّ: لِمَ تكتُبُها وقَد نَسَخَتها الآيَةُ الأُخرَى: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾؟ (^٢) [البقرة: ٢٣٤] رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ بِسطامَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى (٤٥٣٦) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٣٠).","vol":"15","page":528},{"text":"١٥٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ٢٤٠]. فنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ بآيَةِ الميراثِ (^٢)، ما فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ والثُّمُنِ، ونُسِخَ أجَلُ الحَولِ بأَن جُعِلَ أجَلُها أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا ألو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا ماتَ وتَرَكَ امرأتَه اعتَدَّتِ السَّنَةَ في بَيتِه يُنفَقُ عَلَيها مِن مالِه، ثُمَّ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ فهَذِه عِدَّةُ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها، إلَّا أن تكونَ حامِلًا فعِدَّتُها أن تَضَعَ ما في بَطنِها، وقالَ في ميراثِها: ﴿وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ﴾ [النساء: ١٢]. فبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ ميراثَ المَرأَةِ، وتَرَكَ الوَصيَّةَ والنَّفَقَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"غير إخراج\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"المواريث\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦٤٣)، وأ بو داود (٢٢٩٨). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٥٤٥) من طريق على ابن الحسين به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٤٠١، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٥٢ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح أبى صالح به.","vol":"15","page":529},{"text":"١٥٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَدلُ، حدئنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قامَ فخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ههُنا، فقَرأ عَلَيهِم سورَةَ \"البَقَرَة\"، وبَيَّنَ لَهُم مِنها، فأَتَى على هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠]. فقالَ: نُسِخَت هذه الآيَةُ. ثُمَّ قرأَ حَتَّى أتَى على هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٤٠]. فقالَ: وهَذِه (^١).\n\n١٥٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمَّها، أنَّ امرأةً توُفَّىَ عَنَها زَوجُها فرَمِدَت فخَشُوا على عَينِها، فأَتَوُا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فاستأذَنوه في الكُحلِ، فقالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَكتَحِلْ، قَد كانَت إحداكُنَّ تَمكُثُ في شَرَّ أحلاسِها (^٢) -أو: في شَرَّ بيتِها (^٣) - فإِذا كان حَولٌ فمَرَّ كَلبٌ رَمَت ببَعرَةٍ (^٤)، فلا حَتَّى تمضِىَ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ وعَشرٌ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"الآية\".\nوالحديث عند الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨١. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٤٠٥ من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وسعيد بن منصور (٤١٦ - تفسير) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أحلاس: جمع حلس -بكسر الحاء- والمراد: في شر ثيابها. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١١٦.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أبنيتها\".\n(^٤) المراد برميها الكلبَ أو غيرَه ببعرة غنم أو إبل، أنها رمت العدة رمى البعرة. ينظر تفصيل ذلك في الفتح ٩/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٠١)، والنسائى (٥٠١) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"15","page":530},{"text":"آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى ابنُ سعيدٍ، أن حُمَيدَ بنَ نافِعٍ أخبَرَه عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ أنَّها سَمِعَت أُمَّ سلمةَ وأُمَّ حَبيبَةَ تَذكُرانِ أنَّ امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت أنَّ زَوجَ ابنَتِها توُفِّىَ واشتَكَت عَينَها، أفأكحُلُها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد كمانَت إحداكُنَّ تَرمِى بالبَعرَةِ عِندَ رأسِ الحَولِ، فإِنَّما هِىَ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ وعَشرٌ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا شُجاعُ ابنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ نافِعٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، وزادَ: قال حُمَيدٌ: فقُلتُ لِزَينَبَ: وما رأسُ الحَولِ؟ فقالَت زَينَبُ: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ في الجاهِليَّةِ إذا هَلَكَ زَوجُها عَمَدَت إلَى شَرِّ بَيتٍ لَها فجَلَسَت فيه، حَتَّى إذا مَرَّت بها سنةٌ خَرَجَت ورَمَت ببَعرَةٍ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٣٣٨)، ومسلم (١٤٨٨/ ٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٠٢، ٣٥٤١)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو داود (٢٣٠١)، والترمذى (١١٩٧) من طريق حميد بن نافع به مطولًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٨٦، ١٤٨٨/ ٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والبخارى (٥٣٣٧)، ومسلم (١٤٨٩/ ٥٨)، وأبو داود (٢٢٩٩) من طريق حميد بن نافع به.","vol":"15","page":531},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3347>بابُ عِدَّةِ الحامِلِ مِنَ الوَفاةِ</span>\n\n١٥٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن المِسوَرِ ابنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّ سُبَيعَةَ الأسلَميَّةَ نُفِسَت بَعدَ وفاةِ زَوجِها بلَيالٍ، فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاستأذَنَته في أن تَنكِحَ، فأَذِنَ لَها. وفِى رِوايَةِ جَعفَرٍ قال: توُفِّىَ زَوجُ سُبَيعَةَ الأسلَميَّةِ، فلَم تَمكُثْ إلا لَيالِىَ يَسيرَةً حَتَّى نُفِسَت، فلَمّا تَعَلَّت مِن نِفاسِها فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَذِنَ لَها فيه فنَكَحَت (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ قَزَعَةَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨١٢)، والممرفة (٤٦٤٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٩٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٩١٧)، والنسائى (٣٥٠٦). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٢٩) من طريق هشام به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٢٠).","vol":"15","page":532},{"text":"الطّاهِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّ أباه عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُتبَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ الزُّهرِىِّ يأمُرُه أن يَدخُلَ على سُبَيعَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ الأسلَميَّةِ فيَسأَلَها عن حَديثِها وعَمّا قال لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ استَفتَته، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ يُخبِرُه أنَّ سُبَيعَةَ أخبَرَته أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ سَعدِ بنِ خَولَةَ، وهو مِن بَنِى عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَىٍّ، وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وتوُفِّىَ عَنها في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ وهِىَ حامِلٌ، فلَم تَنشَبْ أن وضَعَت حَملَها بَعدَ وفاتِه، فلَمّا تَعَلَّت (^١) مِن نِفاسِها تَجَمَّلَت لِلخُطّابِ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها أبو السَّنابِلِ ابنُ بَعكَكٍ - رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ- فقالَ لَها: ما لِى أراكِ مُتَجَمِّلَةً؟! لَعَلَّكِ تُريدينَ النِّكاحَ؟ إنَّكِ واللَّهِ ما أنتِ بناكِحٍ حَتَّى يَمُرَّ عَلَيكِ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشْرًا (^٢). قالَت سُبَيعَةُ: فلَمّا قال لِى ذَلِكَ جَمَعتُ ثيابِى حينَ أمسَيتُ فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ، فأَفتانِى بأَنِّى قَد حَلَلتُ حينَ وضَعتُ حَملِى، فأَمَرَنِى بالتَّزويجِ إن بَدا لِى. زادَ أبو عمرٍو في رِوايَتِه: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فلا أرَى بأسًا أن تَتَزَوَّجَ حينَ وضَعَت وإِن كانَت في دَمِها، غَيرَ أنَّه لا يَقرَبُها زَوجُها حَتَّى تَطهُرَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَرمَلَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن يونُسَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"نفلت\".\n(^٢) في م: \"وعشر\". وكتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\". وهو على حكاية لفظ القرآن. ينظر الفتح ٩/ ٤٨٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٠٦)، والنسائى (٣٥١٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٧٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٩٤) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"15","page":533},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: وتابَعَه ابنُ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ ابنَ شِهابٍ كَتَبَ إلَيه يَذكُرُ أنَّ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ أخبَرَه عن أبيه أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ الأرقَمِ يَسألُ (^٢) سُبَيعَةَ الأسلَميَّةَ: كَيفَ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أفتاها حينَ توُفِّىَ زَوجُها؟ فقالت: أفتانِى إذا وضَعتُ أن أنكِحَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ سُبَيعَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ الأسلَميَّةَ وضعَت بَعدَ وفاةِ زَوجِها بلَيالٍ، فمَرَّ بها أبو السَّنابِلِ ابنُ بَعكَكٍ فقالَ: قَد تَصَنَّعتِ لِلأزواجِ؟ إنَّها أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعشرًا (^٥). فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ سُبَيعَةُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٨٤/ ٥٦)، والبخارى (٣٩٩١).\n(^٢) في م: \"سل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٢٠) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٣١٩).\n(^٥) في م: \"وعشر\".","vol":"15","page":534},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَذَبَ أبو السَّنابِلِ -أو: لَيسَ كما قال أبو السَّنابِلِ- قَد حَلَلتِ فتَزَوَّجِى\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ (^١). وحَديثُ سَعدانَ مُختَصَرٌ: أنَّ سُبَيعَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ وضَعَت بَعدَ وفاةِ زَوجِها بشَهرٍ أو أقَلَّ، فأَمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تَنكِحَ. وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ مُرسَلَةٌ، وفيما قَبلَها مِنَ الموصولِ كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٥٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ ابنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ قال: كُنتُ أنا وابنُ عباسٍ وأبو هريرةَ فتَذاكَرنا الرَّجُلَ يَموتُ عن المَرأَةِ فتَضَعُ بَعدَ وفاتِه بيَسيرٍ، فقُلتُ: إذا وضَعَت فقَد حَلَّت. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أجَلُها آخِرُ الأجَلَينِ. فتَراجَعا بذَلِكَ، فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: أنا مَعَ ابنِ أخِى -يَعنِى أبا سلمةَ- فبَعَثوا كُرَيبًا مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ إلَى أمِّ سلمةَ -﵄- فقالَت: إنَّ سُبَيعَةَ وضَعَت بَعدَ وفاةِ زَوجِها بأَربَعينَ لَيلَةً، وإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ يُكْنَى أبا السَّنابِلِ خَطَبَها وأَخبَرَها أنَّها قَد حَلَّت، فأَرادَت أن تَتَزَوَّجَ غَيرَه، فقالَ لَها أبو السَّنابِلِ: إنَّكِ لَم تَحِلّينَ (^٢). فَذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ سُبَيعَةُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٤٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٥٠٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٧٤) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل.","vol":"15","page":535},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَها أن تَزَوَّجَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمَّ سلمةَ أخبَرَت عن أُمِّها أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أنَّ امرأةً يُقالُ لَها: سُبَيعَةُ. كانَت تَحتَ زَوجِها فتوُفَّىَ عَنها وهِىَ حُبلَى، فخَطَبَها أبو السَّنابِلِ ابنُ بَعكَكٍ، فأَبَت أن تَنْكِحَه (^٣)، فقالَ: واللَّهِ لا يَصلُحُ أن تَنكِحِى حَتَّى تَعتَدَّى آخِرَ الأجَلَينِ. فمَكَثَت قَريبًا مِن عِشرينَ لَيلَةً ثُمَّ نُفِسَت، فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"انكِحِى\". وكانَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ قَيسٍ تُحَدَّثُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ طُلَّقَتِ البَتَّةَ أنَّه أمَرَها أن تَنتَقِلَ إلَى ابنِ أُمَّ مَكتومٍ: \"فإِنَّه أعمَى تَضَعينَ ثيابَكِ عِندَه\". قَبلَ أن تَنقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها، فكانَ محمدُ بنُ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ يقولُ: كان أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ إذا ذَكَرَت فاطِمَةُ من ذلك شيئًا رَماها بما كان في يَدِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨١٤). وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٧٥) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والترمذى (١١٩٤)، والنسائى (٣٥١٢، ٣٥١٤، ٣٥١٥)، وابن حبان (٤٢٩٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به وبنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٩٠٩)، ومسلم (١٤٨٥/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تنكح\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥١٦) من طريق الليث به دون ذكر قصة فاطمة. وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ٤١٠ (٩٨٧) من طريق أبى سلمة به بطوله.","vol":"15","page":536},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: جَلَستُ إلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى وأَصحابُه يُعَظِّمونَه كأنَّه أميرٌ، فذَكَروا آخِرَ الأجَلَينِ، فذَكَرتُ حَديثَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ في سُبَيعَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ، قال: فغَمَزَ (^٢) إلَىَّ بَعضُ أصحابِه، ففَطِنتُ فقُلتُ: إنِّى لَحَريصٌ على الكَذِبِ إن كَذَبتُ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وهو بناحيَةِ الكوفَةِ. قال: فاستَحَيا وقالَ: ولَكِنَّ عَمَّه لَم يَكُنْ يقولُ ذاكَ. قال: ولَم أكُنْ سَمِعتُ فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ شَيئًا. قال: فقُمتُ فلَقِيتُ أبا عَطيَّةَ مالكَ بنَ عامرٍ (^٣) فسألتُه، فذَهَبَ يُحَدِّثُنِى حَديثَ سُبَيعَةَ، قُلتُ: إنِّى لَستُ عن هَذا أسأَلُكَ، ولَكِن هَل سَمِعتَ فيه عن (^٤) عبدِ اللَّهِ شَيئًا؟ قال: نَعَم، كُنّا عندَ (^٥) عبدِ اللَّهِ فسأَلنا عَنها فقالَ: أرأيتُم إن وضَعَت مِن قَبلِ الأربَعَةِ الأشهُرِ وعَشرٍ؟ قُلنا: حَتَّى تَمضِىَ. قال: أرأيتُم إن مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ أشهرٍ (^٦) وعَشرٌ قَبلَ أن تَضَعَ؟ قال: قُلنا: حَتَّى تَضَعَ.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٣١٨) بدون قصة فاطمة بنت قيس، وفيه: \"عشر ليال\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: فضمز\". اهـ. ومعنى: ضَمَّر: سَكَّتنى. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٠، وفتح البارى ٨/ ٦٥٥.\n(^٣) في النسخ، والمعرفة والتاريخ: \"الحارث\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو موافق لبقية مصادر التخريج، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٩٠.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"من\".\n(^٥) ليس في: ص ٨. وفى س، م: \"مع\".\n(^٦) في ص ٨، م: \"الأشهر\".","vol":"15","page":537},{"text":"قال: فقالَ: تَجعَلونَ عَلَيها التَّغليظَ ولا تَجعَلونَ لَها الرُّخصَةَ؟! أُنزلت (^١) سورَةُ \"النِّساءِ القُصرَى\" بَعدَ \"الطُّولَى\" (^٢): ﴿وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ (^٣) [الطلاق: ٤]. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ سُلَيمانُ ابنُ حَربٍ وأبو النُّعمانِ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُسلِمٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: واللَّهِ مَن شاءَ لاعَنتُه، لأُنزِلَت سورَةُ \"النَّساءِ القُصرَى\" بَعدَ ﴿أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ (^٥) [البقرة: ٢٣٤].\n\n١٥٥٦١ - وعن مُسلِمٍ أبى الضُّحَى قال: كان علىٌّ -﵁- يقولُ: آخِر الأجَلَينِ (^٦).\n\n١٥٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فنزلت\"، وفى م: \"لنزلت\".\n(^٢) الطولى: سورة البقرة. فتح البارى ٨/ ٦٥٥. وتقدم في (١٥٥٠٤) أن سورة الطلاق هى النساء القصرى.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦١٨، ٦١٩. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٩٦٤٨) من طريق حماد به. والنسائى (٣٥٢١) من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٩١٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥٠) - وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٧٠) عن أبى معاوية به.","vol":"15","page":538},{"text":"أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^١) المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ الحَكَمِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعمرِ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ الكوفِىُّ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن شاءَ لاعَنتُه. قال: ما نَزَلَت ﴿وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾. إلَّا بَعدَ آيَةِ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها، إذا وضَعَتِ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها فقَد حَلَّت. يُريدُ بآيَةِ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أبنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- سُئلَ عن المَرأَةِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها وهِىَ حامِلٌ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁-: إذا وضَعَت حَملَها فقَد حَلَّت. فأَخبَرَه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: لَو ولَدَت وزَوجُها على السَّريرِ لَم يُدفَنْ لَحَلَّت (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"بن محمد\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٣٦٨. وقد تقدم كالمثبت مرارًا، وتقدم أيضًا: \"على بن محمد بن أحمد المصرى\". وهو صحيح أيضا كما في تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٢٣١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٢٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٤٥٣، والطبرانى (٩٦٤٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٤٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢٤، ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٩.","vol":"15","page":539},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3348>بابُ مَن قال: لا نَفَقَةَ لِلمُتَوفَّى عَنها حامِلًا كانَت أو غَيَر حامِلٍ</span>\n\n١٥٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّه قال: لَيسَ لِلمُتَوفَّى عَنها زَوجُها نَفَقَةٌ، حَسْبُها (^١) الميراثُ. هَذا هو المَحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّقاشِىُّ قال: حدثنا حَربُ بنُ أبى العاليَةِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- (^٣) في الحامِلِ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها: \"لا نَفَقَةَ لَها\" (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٥) وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىًّ القُشَيرِىُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ صَبِيحٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يُعطِى لَها النَّفَقَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَه أنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ قال: لا نَفَقَةَ لَها. فرَجَعَ عن قَولِه (^٦) ذَلِكَ، يَعنِى في نَفَقَةِ الحامِلِ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"حبسها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٨٥) عن ابن جريج به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٩٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢١، ٢٢ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الرقاشى به.\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"الحافظ\". وقد ضرب عليه في الأصل.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"قول\".\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٨٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٩٩) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.","vol":"15","page":540},{"text":"ورَواه عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا نَفَقَةَ لَها، وجَبَتِ المَواريثُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3349>بابُ مُقامِ المُطَلَّقَةِ في بَيتِها</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎ في المُطَلَّقاتِ: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ١].\n\n١٥٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قالَت: طَلَّقَنِى زَوجِى ثَلاثًا، فأَرَدتُ النُّقلَةَ فأَتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"انتَقلِى إلَى بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". قال أبو (^٢) إسحاقَ: فلَمّا حَدَّثَ به الشَّعبِىُّ حَصَبَه الأسوَدُ وقالَ: ويحَكَ تُحَدِّثُ -أو: تُفتِى- بمِثلِ هَذا؟! قَد أتَت عُمَرَ فقالَ: إن جِئتِ بشاهِدَينِ يَشهَدانِ أنَّهُما سَمِعاه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وإلَّا لَم نَترُكْ كِتابَ اللَّهِ لقولِ (^٣) امرأةٍ (^٤): ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٨٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٩٤) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م. وينظر الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بقول\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"وهو قول الله\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٤٦) عن يحيى بن آدم به. ومسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٥، ٤٦)، والنسائى (٣٥٥١) من طريق عمار بن رزيق به. وتقدم في (١٥٠٤٣)، وسيأتى في =","vol":"15","page":541},{"text":"١٥٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَةَ سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ كانَت عندَ (^١) عبدِ اللَّهِ -هو ابنُ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ- فطَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ فخَرَجَت، فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها ابنُ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا كامِلُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾. قال: خُروجُها مِن بَيتِها فاحِشَةٌ مُبَيَّنَةٌ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَه فقالَ: إنِّى طَلَّقتُ امرأتِى ثَلاثًا وهِىَ تُريدُ أن تَخرُجَ. قال: احبِسْها. قال: لا أستَطيعُ. قال: فقَيَّدْها. قال: لا أستَطيعُ؛ إنَّ لَها إخوَةً غَليظَةً رِقابُهُم. قال: استَعدِ\n_________\n= (١٥٨١٩ - ١٥٨١٧).\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تحت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٦١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٦، ومالك عقب ٢/ ٥٧٩، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٨٠.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٩١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٤٣١)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٧٢ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"15","page":542},{"text":"عَلَيهِمُ الأميرَ (^١).\n\n١٥٥٧٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، ما تَرَى في امرأةٍ طُلِّقَت ثُمَّ أصبَحَت غاديَةً إلَى أهلِها؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: واللَّهِ ما أُحِبُّ أنَّ لِى دينَها بتَمرَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3350>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ وأَنَّ لَها الخُروجَ في المَوضِعِ الَّذِى استَثنَى اللَّهُ تَعالَى مِن أن تأتِىَ بفاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ، وفىِ العُذرِ</span>\n\n١٥٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ و(^٣) عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾. قال: أن تَبذُوَ (^٤) على أهلِها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٣٦٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٤٦) من طريق الأعمش به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٠٤٠) من طريق مسروق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٣٤٨، ١٣٤٩) من طريق أشعث به بنحوه.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) البذاء: الفحش في القول. النهاية ١/ ١١٠، ١١١.","vol":"15","page":543},{"text":"فإِذا بَذَت عَلَيهِم فقَد حَلَّ لَهُم إخراجُها (^١).\n\n١٥٥٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: الفاحِشَةُ المُبَيِّنَةُ أن تَفحُشَ المَرأَةُ على أهلِ الرَّجُلِ وتُؤذيَهُم (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في حَديثِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ تَدُلُّ على أنَّ ما تأوَّلَ ابنُ عباسٍ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾. هو البَذاءُ على أهلِ زَوجِها كما تأوَّلَ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُليمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ أبا عمرِو ابنَ حَفصٍ طَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ وهو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠٩، ٢٣٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٠٢١، ١١٠٢٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٤٣٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ٣٤ من طريق محمد بن عمرو به بنحوه، وعند عبد الرزاق: \"أهله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨١٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٥٠٣٨)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٧١ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٢٣٦.","vol":"15","page":544},{"text":"غائبٌ بالشّامِ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيها وكيلُه بشَعيرٍ فسَخِطَته، فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما لَكِ عَلَينا مِن شَئٍ. فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"لَيسَ لَكِ عَلَيه نَفَقَةٌ\". وأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ بَيتِ أُمِّ شَريكٍ، ثُمَّ قال: \"تِلكَ امرأةٌ يَغشاها أصحابِى، فاعتَدِّى عِندَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ؛ فإِنَّه رَجُلٌ أعمَى تَضَعينَ ثيابَكِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ أخبَرَته أنَّها كانَت عِندَ أبى عمرِو ابنِ حَفصِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ فطَلَّقَها آخِرَ ثَلاثِ تَطليقاتٍ، فزَعَمَت أنَّها جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في خُروجِها مِن بَيتِها، فأَمَرَها أن تَنتَقِلَ إلَى ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ الأعمَى. فأَبَى مَرْوانُ أن يُصَدِّقَ فاطِمَةَ في خُروجِ المُطَلَّقَةِ مِن بَيتِها. وَقالَ عُروةُ: إنَّ عائشةَ أنكَرَت ذَلِكَ على فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُلوانِىَّ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يَعقوبَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠٩ - ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٤١٣٨) - ومالك ٢/ ٥٨٠، وتقدم في (١٣٨٨٩، ١٤١٣٢)، وسيأتى في (١٥٨٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٥٩٢) من طريق صالح به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٤١) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٠).","vol":"15","page":545},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنَّها أخبَرَته أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ أبى عمرِو ابنِ حَفصِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، فطَلَّقَها آخِرَ ثَلاثِ تَطليقاتٍ، فزَعَمَت أنَّها جاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فاستَفتَته في خُروجِها مِن بَيتِها، فأَمَرَها أن تَنتَقِلَ إلَى ابنِ أُمَّ مَكتومٍ الأعمَى، فأبى مَروانُ أن يُصَدَّقَ حَديثَ فاطِمَةَ من (^١) خُروجِ المُطَلَّقَةِ، وقالَ عُروةُ: وأَنكَرَت عائشَةُ -﵄- على فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويوسُفُ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه قال لِعائشَةَ -﵄-: ألا تَرَىْ (^٤) إلَى فُلانَةَ بنتِ الحَكَمِ؟ طُلَّقَتِ البَتَّةَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَت! قالَت: بئسَ ما صَنَعَت. قُلتُ: ألا تَرَينَ إلَى قَولِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ؟ قالَت: أما إنَّه لا خَيرَ لَها في ذِكرِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"في\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٨٩)، والنسائى (٣٥٤٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٩) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨١٣) مختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٨٠) عقب (٤٠).\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفى م: \"ترين\".","vol":"15","page":546},{"text":"ذَلِكَ (^١). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه قالا: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: تَزَوَّجَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ ابنَةَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحَكَمِ فطلَّقَها فأَخرَجَها مِن عِندِه، فعابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم عُروةُ فقالوا: إنَّ فاطِمَةَ قَد خَرَجَت. قال عُروةُ: فأَتَيتُ عائشةَ -﵂- فأَخبَرتُها بذَلِكَ فقالَت: ما لِفاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ خَيرٌ في أن تَذكُرَ هَذا الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَهُما يَذكُرانِ أنَ يَحيَى بنَ سَعيدِ بنِ العاصِ طَلَّقَ ابنَةَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحَكَمِ البَتَّةَ، فانتَقَلَها عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَكَمِ، فأَرسَلَت عائشَةُ -﵁- إلَى مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ -وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ- فقالَت: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يا مَرْوانُ، واردُدِ المَرأَةَ إلَى بَيتِها. فقالَ مَروانُ في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ: إنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ غَلَبَنِى. وقالَ مَروانُ في حَديثِ القاسِمِ: أوَ ما بَلَغَكِ شأنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٩٣) عن محمد بن كثير، وفيه: \"قيل لعائشة\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٢٥)، ومسلم (١٤٨١) عقب (٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦٣٧) عن أبى كريب به. وأبو داود (٢٢٩٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨١/ ٥٢).","vol":"15","page":547},{"text":"فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ؟ فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵁-: لا عَلَيكَ ألَّا تَذكُرَ من (^١) شأنِ فاطِمَةَ. فقالَ: إن كان إنَّما بكِ لشرٌّ، فحَسبُكِ ما بَينَ هَذَينِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵄- كانَت تَقولُ: اتَّقِى اللَّهَ يا فاطِمَةُ، فقَد عَلِمتِ في أىَّ شَئٍ كان ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمود، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ لِسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ: أينَ تَعتَدُّ المُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلاثًا؟ قال: تَعتَدُّ في بَيتِها. قال: قُلتُ: ألَيسَ قَد أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ أن تَعتَدَّ في بَيتِ ابنِ أُمَّ مَكتومٍ؟ قال: تِلكَ المَرأَةُ التى فتَنَتِ النّاسَ، إنَّها استَطالَت على أحمائِها بلِسانِها، فأمَرَها (^٥) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تَعتَدَّ في بَيتِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٢) يقصد إن كان عندك أن سبب خروج فاطمة ما وقع بينها وبين أقارب زوجها من الشر، فهذا السبب موجود بين هذين الزوجين. ينظر فتح البارى ٩/ ٤٧٨.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٦، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٩، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٢٩٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٢١، ٥٣٢٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٥٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٥.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"فأمر\".","vol":"15","page":548},{"text":"ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، وكانَ رَجُلًا مَكفوفَ البَصَرِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فعائشَةُ ومَروانُ وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ يَعرِفونَ أنَّ حَديثَ فاطِمَةَ في أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ في بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ كما حَدَّثَت، ويَذهَبونَ إلَى أنَّ ذَلِكَ إنَّما كان لِلشَّرَّ، ويَزيدُ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ تَبيينَ استِطالَتِها على أحمائِها، ويَكرَهُ لَها ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ وغَيرُه أنَّها كَتَمَت في حَديثِها السَّبَبَ الَّذِى به أمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تَعتَدَّ في غَيرِ بَيتِ زَوجِها؛ خَوفًا أن يَسمَعَ ذَلِكَ سامِعٌ فيَرَى أنَّ لِلمَبتوتَةِ أن تَعتَدَّ حَيثُ شاءَت (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ في خُروجِ فاطِمَةَ قال: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ مِن سوءِ الخُلُقِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزَّنادِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: لَقَد عابَت ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ -﵄- أشَدَّ العَيبِ -يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨١٨)، والمعرفة (٤٧٦٠). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦٩ من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأبو داود (٢٢٩٦) من طريق ميمون بن مهران به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨٢٢). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٠): صحيح مقطوع.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٩٤). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦٣١) من طريق هارون بن زيد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٠١).","vol":"15","page":549},{"text":"حَديثَ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ - وقالَت: إنَّ فاطِمَةَ كانَت في مَكانٍ وَحْشٍ (^١) فخيفَ على ناحيَتِها؛ فلِذَلِكَ اْرخَصَ لَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ ابنُ أبى الزَّنادِ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ مُثَنَّى، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، زَوجِى طَلَّقَنِى ثَلاثًا فأَخافُ أن يُقتَحَمَ عَلَىَّ. قال: فأَمَرَها فتَحَوَّلَت (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\nقال الشيخ: قَد يَكونُ العُذرَ في نَقلِها كِلاهُما؛ هَذا واستِطالَتُها على أحمائِها جَميعًا، فاقتَصَرَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِن ناقِليهِما على نَقلِ أحَدِهِما دونَ الآخَرِ؛ لِتَعَلُّقِ الحُكمِ بكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على الانفِرادِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَم يَقُلْ لَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: اعتَدِّى حَيثُ شِئتِ، ولَكِنَّه حَصَّنَها حَيثُ رَضِىَ؛ إذ كان زَوجُها غائبًا ولَم يَكُنْ له وكيلٌ\n_________\n(^١) مكان وحش: خالٍ لا أنيس به. فتح البارى ٩/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٩٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٣٢) من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٤٩) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٣) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٨٢/ ٥٣).","vol":"15","page":550},{"text":"بتحصينها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3351>بابُ سُكنَى المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها</span>\n\n١٥٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، عن عَمَّتِه زَينَبَ بنتِ كَعبٍ، أنَّ الفُرَيعَةَ بنتَ مالكِ بنِ سِنانٍ أخبَرَتها أنَّها جاءَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَسأَلُه أن تَرجِعَ إلَى أهلِها في بَنِى خُدرَةَ، فإنَّ زَوجَها خَرَجَ في طَلَبِ أعبُدٍ له أبَقُوا، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بطَرَفِ القَدُومِ (^٢) لَحِقَهُم فقَتَلوه، فسألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنِّى أرجِعُ إلَى أهلِى؛ فإِنَّ زَوجِى لَم يَترُكْنِى في مَسكَنٍ يَملِكُه. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم\". فانصَرَفْتُ، حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ في الحُجرَةِ أو في المَسجِدِ دَعانِى -أو: أمَرَ بى فدُعيتُ له- قال: \"فكَيفَ قُلتِ؟ \". فرَدَّدْتُ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ التى ذَكَرتُ له مِن شأنِ زَوجِى، فقالَ: \"امكُثِى في بَيتِكِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الكِتابُ أجَلَه\". قالَت: فاعتَدَدْتُ فيه أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، فلَمّا كان عثمانُ أرسَلَ إلَىَّ فسألَنِى عن ذَلِكَ فأَخبَرتُه، فاتَّبَعَه وقَضَى بهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٢) طرف القدوم: بفتح القاف وتخفيف الدال وتشديدها، موضع على ستة أميال من المدينة. حاشية السندى على النسائى ٦/ ٢٠٠. وسيأتى في (١٥٥٨٨) أنه موضع ماء.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٦٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٢٧، ومالك ٢/ ٥٩١، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٣٠٠)، والترمذى (١٢٠٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٠٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٢٩٢). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٦).","vol":"15","page":551},{"text":"١٥٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ أخبَرَه أنَّ عَمَّتَه زَينَبَ بنتَ كَعبٍ أخبَرَته أنَّها سَمِعَت فُرَيعَةَ بنتَ مالكٍ أُختَ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ تَذكُرُ أنَّ زَوجَ فُرَيعَةَ قُتِلَ في زَمَنِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وهِىَ تُريدُ أن تَنتَقِلَ مِن بَيتِ زَوجِها إلَى أهلِها، فذَكَرَت أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ لَها في النُّقلَةِ، فلَمّا أدبَرَت ناداها فقالَ لَها: \"امكُثِى في بَيتِكِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الكِتابُ أجَلَه\". قال: وأخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى، أنَّ سَعدَ بنَ إسحاقَ أخبَرَه أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- ذُكِرَ له حَديثُ فُرَيعَةَ فبَعَثَ إلَيها حَتَّى دَخَلَت عَلَيه، فسألَها عن الحديثِ فحَدَّثَته. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَواه شُعبَةُ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ: ثُمَّ لَقِىَ سَعدَ بنَ إسحاقَ فحَدَّثَه به:\n\n١٥٥٨٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٢) بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عَمَّتَه تُحَدِّثُ عن فُرَيعَةَ أُختِ أبى سعيدٍ أنَّها كانَت مَعَ زَوجِها\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٨٧)، والترمذى عقب (١٢٠٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به مطولًا.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"عن\".","vol":"15","page":552},{"text":"في قَريَةٍ مِن قُرَى المَدينَةِ، فتَبعَ أعلاجًا (^١) فقَتَلوه، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فشَكَتِ الوَحشَةَ في مَنزِلِها، وذَكَرَت أنَّها في مَنزِلٍ لَيسَ لَها، واستأذَنَت أن تأتِيَ مَنزِلَ إخوَتِها بالمَدينَةِ، فأَذِنَ لَها، ثُمَّ دَعا -أو دُعِيَت له- فقالَ: \"اسكُنِى في البَيتِ الَّذِى أتاكِ فيه نَعْىُ زَوجِكِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الكِتابُ أجَلَه\". قال: فلَقِيتُ أنا سَعدَ بنَ إسحاقَ فحَدَّثَنِى بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ المُقرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّتِى زَينَبَ بنتَ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ تُحَدَّثُ عن فُرَيعَةَ بنتِ مالكٍ أنَّها كانَت مَعَ زَوجِها. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوهِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ وأبو بَحرٍ البَكراوىُّ عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ عن زَينَبَ بنتِ كَعبٍ. وقيلَ: عن حَمّادٍ عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أعلاجا: عبيدا، والأعلاج، جمع علج، وهو الرجل من العجم. ينظر حاشية السندى على النسائى ٦/ ١٩٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٢٨)، والطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار (٣٦٥٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطيالسى (١٧٦٩)، وابن حبان (٤٢٩٣)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٤٤٢ (١٠٨١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٧٥)، والنسائى (٣٥٣٢) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة عقب (٧٨٥١) من طريق أبى بحر البكراوى به.\n(^٥) ينظر الحديث التالى والذى يليه.","vol":"15","page":553},{"text":"وإِسحاقُ مِن رِوايَةِ حَمّادٍ أشهَرُ، وسَعدٌ مِن رِوايَةِ غَيرِه أشهَرُ، وزَعَمَ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ -فيما يَرَى- أنَّهُما اثنانِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ حَمّادٍ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيُوبَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، أخبرَنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ، حَدَّثَتنِى زَينَبُ بنتُ كَعبٍ، عن فُرَيعَةَ بنتِ مالكٍ، أنَّ زَوجَها خَرَجَ في طَلَبِ أعلاجٍ له فقُتِلَ بطَرَفِ القَدُومِ - قال حَمّادٌ: وهو مَوضِعُ ماءٍ- قالَت: فأَتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ فذَكَرتُ ذلكَ له مِن حالِى، وذَكَرتُ النُّقلَةَ إلَى إخوَتِى. قالَت: فرَخَّصَ لِى، فلَمّا جاوَزتُ نادانِى فقالَ: \"امكُثِى في بَيتِكِ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الكِتابُ أجَلَه\" (^١).\n\n١٥٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه (^٢).\nفإِن لَم يَكونا اثنَينِ فهَذا أولَى؛ لموافَقَتهِ سائرَ الرّواةِ عن سَعدٍ.\nوقَد رَواه الزُهرِىُّ عن سَعدٍ، ففِى رِوايَةٍ قال: عن ابنٍ لكعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٣٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٦٥١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٧٣) -ومن طريقه إسحاق في مسنده (٢١٨٨) - من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"15","page":554},{"text":"وفِى رِوايَةٍ قال: بَلَغَنِى عن سَعدٍ عن عَمَّتِه (^١). وفِى رِوايَةٍ: أخبرنى رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ يُقالُ له: مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ. عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ [بنِ كعبِ] (^٢) بنِ عُجرَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن مالكٍ (^٣)، فالحَديثُ مَشهورٌ بسَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، قَد رَواه عنه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَّى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبْدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يَرُدُّ المُتَوَفَّى عَنهُنَّ أزواجُهنَّ مِنَ البَيداءِ يَمنَعُهُنَّ مِنَ الحَجِّ (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٩١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: لا تَبيتُ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها ولا المَبتوتَةُ إلَّا في بَيتِها (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3352>بابُ مَن قال: لا سُكنَى لِلمُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها</span>\n\n١٥٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنى أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٥٣.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٨٥٠) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٢، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٨٠.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٢، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٨٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٦٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٥٢) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"15","page":555},{"text":"يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا شِبلُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: نَسَخَت هذه الآيَةُ عِدَّتَها عِندَ أهلِها، فتَعتَدُّ حَيثُ شاءَت، وهو قَولُ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٤٠]. قال عَطاءٌ: إن شاءَتِ اعتَدَّت عِندَ أهلِها و(^١) سَكَنَت في وصيَّتِها، وإِن شاءَت خَرَجَت؛ لقولِ اللَّهِ تعالى: ﴿فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾. قال عَطاءٌ: ثُمَّ جاءَ الميراثُ فنَسَخَ مِنه السُّكنَى؛ تَعتَدُّ حَيثُ شاءَت (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا وَرْقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤] قال: كانَت هذه العِدَّةَ؛ تَعتَدُّ عِندَ أهلِ زَوجِها، واجِبٌ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾. قال: جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَها سَبعَةَ (^٣) أشهُرٍ وعِشرينَ لَيلَةً وصيَّةً؛ إن شاءَت سَكَنَت في وصيَّتِها، وإِن شاءَت خَرَجَت، وهو قَولُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أو\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١١ وعنده: سعيد بن مسعود. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٣٠١) من طريق موسى بن مسعود به. والنسائى (٣٥٢١) من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به دون قول عطاء. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٧).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تسعة\".","vol":"15","page":556},{"text":"وجَلَّ: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ﴾. والعِدَّةُ (^١) كما هِىَ واجِبَةٌ عَلَيها. زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ مُجاهِدٌ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٩٤ - وقالَ عَطاءٌ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ثُمَّ نَسَخَت هذه الآيَةُ عِدَّتَها في أهلِه، تَعتَدُّ حَيثُ شاءَت وهو قَولُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ﴾. فقال عَطاءٌ: إن شاءَتِ اعتَدَّت في أهلِه و(^٣) سَكَنَت في وصيَّتِها، وإِن شاءَت خَرَجَت؛ لِقَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ﴾. قال عَطاءٌ: ثُمَّ جاءَ الميراثُ فنَسَخَ السُّكنَى، فتَعتَدُّ حَيثُ شاءَت ولا سُكنَى لَها (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن رَوحٍ عن شِبلٍ، وعن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن وَرْقاءَ (^٥).\n\n١٥٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ حِكايَةً عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىَّ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- كان يَرْحَلُ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها لا يَنتَظِرُ بها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"في العدة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢٣٩٤) من طريق شبابة به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٤٠٥ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به، وعنده: تمام السنة سبعة أشهر .... وينظر ما بعده.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أو\".\n(^٤) ينظر الحديث قبل السابق.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٥٣١، ٥٣٤٤).\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦٦٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٢، وعنده: يؤجل المتوفى عنها. وقد جاء على الصواب في طبعة دار الوفاء. ينظر ٨/ ٤٢٧ من الطبعة المذكورة. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٥٦) بنحوه، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٩٠) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"15","page":557},{"text":"١٥٥٩٦ - وعن ابنِ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: نَقَلَ علىٌّ -﵁- أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بَعدَ قَتلِ عُمَرَ -﵁- بسَبعِ لَيالٍ (^١).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثورِىُّ في \"جامعه\" وقالَ: لأنَّها كانَت في دارِ الإمارَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٥٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عَطاءٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵄- أحَجَّت أُختَها في عِدَّتِها (^٣).\n\n١٥٥٩٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن القاسِمِ قال: كانَتِ الفِتنَةُ وخَوفُها. يَعنِى حينَ أحَجَّت عائشَةُ أُختَها في عِدَّتِها (^٤).\n\n١٥٥٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵄- كانَت تُخرِجُ المَرأَةَ وهِىَ في عِدَّتِها مِن وفاةِ زَوجِها. قال: فأَبَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦٦٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٩١) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٦٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٥٣)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٨١ من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٥٥) من طريق الثورى به. والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٨١ من طريق القاسم عن عائشة.","vol":"15","page":558},{"text":"ذَلِكَ النّاسُ إلا خِلافَها، فلا نأخُذُ بقَولِها ونَدَعُ قَولَ النّاسِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3353>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ سُكنَى المُطَلَّقَةِ والمُتَوَفَّى عَنها</span>\n\n١٥٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: أخبرَنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: طُلِّقَت خالَتِى ثَلاثًا، فخَرَجَت تَجُدُّ نَخلًا (^٢) فلَقِيَها رَجُلٌ فنَهاها، فأَتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"اخرُجِى فجُدِّى؛ فلَعَلَّكِ أن تَصدَّقِى أو تَفعَلِى مَعروفًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: نَخلُ الأنصارِ قَريبٌ مِن مَنازِلِهِم؛ والجَدادُ إنَّما يَكونُ نَهارًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٦٠١ - وفيما أجازَ لِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبى العباسِ الأصَمِّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: استُشهِدَ رِجالٌ يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٥٥) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) تجدُّ نخلًا: تقطع ثمرته. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٩٧) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٤٤٤٤)، والنسائى (٣٥٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٤) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٣/ ٥٥).\n(^٥) الأم ٥/ ٢٣٥.","vol":"15","page":559},{"text":"أُحُدٍ فآمَ (^١) نِساؤُهُم، وكُنَّ مُتَجاوراتٍ في دارٍ، فجِئنَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلنَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا نَستَوحِشُ باللَّيلِ فنَبيتُ عِندَ إحدانا، فإِذا أصبَحنا تبدَّدْنا (^٢) إلَى بُيوتِنا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"تَحَدَّثنَ عِندَ إحداكُنَّ ما بَدا لَكُنَّ، فإِذا أرَدتُنَ النَّومَ فَلْتَؤُبْ كُلُّ امرأةٍ مِنكُنَّ إلَى بَيتِها\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَهِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا يَصلُحُ لِلمَرأَةِ أن تَبيتَ لَيلَةً واحِدَةً إذا كانَت في عِدَّةِ وفاةٍ أو طَلاقٍ إلَّا في بَيتِها (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: المُطَلَّقَةُ والمُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها تَخرُجانِ بالنَّهارِ، ولا تَبيتانِ لَيلَةً تامَّةً عن (^٥) بُيوتِهِما.\n_________\n(^١) الأيم: المرأة التى مات عنها زوجها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"تبدرنا\". وتبددنا: أى تفرقنا. ينظر التاج ٧/ ٤٠٤ (ب د د).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٧٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٧٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٦١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) في م: \"غير\".","vol":"15","page":560},{"text":"١٥٦٠٤ - وعن سُفيانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: المُطَلَّقَةُ البَتَّةَ تَزورُ بالنَّهارِ ولا تَبيتُ عن (^١) بَيتِها (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٠٥ - وعن سُفيانَ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ والمُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ أنَّ نِساءً مِن هَمْدانَ نُعِىَ لَهُنَّ أزواجُهُنَّ، فسألنَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقُلنَ: إنّا نَستَوحِشُ. فأَمَرَهُنَّ أن يَجتَمِعنَ بالنَّهارِ، فإِذا كان اللَّيلُ فلتَرجِعْ كُلُّ امرأةٍ إلَى بَيتِها (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٠٦ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أسلَمَ، أنَّ امرأةً سألَت أُمَّ سلمةَ -ماتَ عنها زوجُها-: أتُمَرِّضُ أباها؟ قالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: كونِى أحَدَ طَرَفَىِ اللَّيلِ (^٤) في بَيتِكِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ السّائبَ بنَ خَبّابٍ توُفِّىَ، وأَنَّ امرأتَه جاءَت عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- فذَكَرَت وفاةَ زَوجِها، وذَكَرَت له حَرْثًا لَهُم بقَناةَ (^٦)، وَسألَته: هَل\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"غير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٦٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٧١) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٦٨) عن سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (١٣٤١) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"النهار\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠٧٠) عن سفيان الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٧٦)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٨٠ من طريق منصور به.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"تفناه\". وقناة: موضع بالمدينة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٠١.","vol":"15","page":561},{"text":"يَصلُحُ لَها أن تَبيتَ فيه؟ فنَهاها عن ذَلِكَ، فكانَت تَخرُجُ مِنَ المَدينَةِ سَحَرَ (^١)، فتُصبحُ في حَرْثِهِم فتَظَلُّ فيه يَومَها، ثُمَّ تَدخُلُ المَدينَةَ إذا أمسَت تَبيتُ في بَيتِها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3354>بابُ الإحدادِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو ابنِ حَزمٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ (^٣) نافِع، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ أنَّها أخبَرَته هذه الأحاديثَ الثّلاثَةَ قال: قالَت زَينَبُ: دَخَلتُ على أُمَّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- حينَ توُفِّىَ أبو سُفيانَ -﵁-، فدَعَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ بطِيبٍ فيه صفرَةٌ - خَلوقٌ أو غَيرُه- فدَهَنَت مِنه جاريَةً، ثُمَّ مَسَّت بعارِضيها (^٤)، ثُمَّ قالَت: واللَّهِ ما لِى بالطّيبِ مِن حاجَةٍ، غَيرَ أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ -قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ: على المِنبَرِ. ثُمَّ اتَّفَقا-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"بسحر\". ويجوز فيه الصرف وعدمه. ينظر تاج العروس ١١/ ٥١٣ (س ح ر).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٢.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عن\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٤٧.\n(^٤) العارضان: مثنى عارض، ويطلق على الخد وعلى ما يقابله من الأسنان من داخل. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٧٤.","vol":"15","page":562},{"text":"على مَيِّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\".\nوقالَت زَينَبُ: دَخَلتُ على زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ حينَ توُفِّىَ أخوها عبدُ اللَّهِ، فدَعَت بطيبٍ فمَسَّت مِنه ثُمَّ قالَت: ما لِى بالطّيبِ منِ حاجَةٍ، غَيرَ أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ على المِنبَرِ: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على مَيَّبَ فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\".\nقالَت زَينَبُ: وسَمِعتُ أُمِّى أُمَّ سلمةَ تَقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ ابنَتِى توُفِّىَ عَنها زَوجُها، وقَدِ اشتَكَت عَينَيها أفتكحُلُها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا\". مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يقولُ: \"لا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّما هِىَ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، وقَد كانَت إحداكُنَّ في الجاهِليَّةِ تَرمِى بالبَعرَةِ على رأسِ الحَولِ\". قال حُمَيدٌ: فقُلتُ لِزَينَبَ: وما تَرمِى بالبَعرَةِ على رأسِ الحَولِ؟ فقالَت زَينَبُ: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ إذا توُفَّىَ عَنهُا زَوجُها دَخَلَت حِفشًا (^١) ولَبِسَت شَرَّ ثيابِها، ولَم تَمَسَّ طيبًا حَتَّى تَمُرَّ بها سنةٌ، ثُمَّ تُؤتَى بدابَّةٍ؛ حِمارٍ أو شاةٍ أو طَيرٍ فتَفتَضُّ به، فقَلَّما تَفتَضُّ بشَئٍ إلَّا ماتَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: فتقْبِصُ (^٢) ثُمَّ تَخرُجُ فتُعطَى بَعرَةً فتَرمِى بها، ثُمَّ تُراجِعُ بَعدُ ما شاءَت مِن طِيبٍ أو غَيرِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحفش: البيت الصغير. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"فتفتض\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"فتقبض خ ر وضرب على النقط ... \". ومعنى تقبص: أى تعدو مسرعة. النهاية ٤/ ٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٧٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير=","vol":"15","page":563},{"text":"١٥٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٥٦١٠ - حَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيُوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ نافِعٍ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ قالَت: لَمّا جاءَ نَعىُ أبى سُفيانَ دَعَت أُمُّ حَبيبَةَ -﵄- بصُفرَةٍ فمَسَحَت عارِضَيها وذِراعَيها اليَومَ الثّالِثَ وقالَت: إن كُنتُ لَغَنيَّةً عن هَذا، لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على مَيَّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ عَلَيه أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n= (١٢/ ١٦ ظ، ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٧، ومن طريقه النسائى (٣٥٣٣ - ٣٥٣٥)، والترمذى (١١٩٥ - ١١٩٧)، وابن حبان (٤٣٠٤). وتقدم في (١٥٥٥٠،١٥٥٥١).\n(^١) البخارى (٥٣٣٤ - ٥٣٣٦)، ومسلم (١٤٨٦/ ٥٨، ١٤٨٧، ١٤٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدى (٣٠٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٧٥ من طريق سفيان به. والنسائى (٣٥٢٧) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"15","page":564},{"text":"عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٥٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشّيرازِىُّ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمِّ سلمةَ تُحَدَّثُ عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ -﵄- أنَّه ماتَ لَها حَميمٌ فأَخَذَت صُفرَةً فمَسَحَت بها ذراعَها وقالَت: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:- \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ مُسلِمَةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على مَيِّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا المَرأَةَ على زَوجِها أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\". قال شُعبَةُ: وحَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أُمِّها. وعن امرأةٍ مِن أزواجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِهِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ صَفيَّةَ بنتَ أبى عُبَيدٍ حَدَّثَته عن حَفصَةَ أو عن عائشةَ أو عَنهُما كِلتَيهِما، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ- أو: تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (١٢٨٠)، ومسلم (١٤٨٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٦٦)، والنسائى (٣٥٠٠، ٣٥٠١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٣٩)، ومسلم (١٤٨٦/ ٥٩، ١٤٨٨/ ٦٠).","vol":"15","page":565},{"text":"ورسولِه- أن تُحِدَّ على مَيِّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ إلَّا على زَوجِها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِه (^٢).\nوكذَا قاله عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ النَّسَوىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُالوَهّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، أنَّها سَمِعَت حَفصَةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ تُحَدَّثُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على مَيَّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ عَلَيه أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٥).\n\n١٥٦١٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٥٥) من طريق الليث به. وابن حبان (٤٣٠٢) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٠/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٥٦) من طريق ابن دينار به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٦٤٥٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٩٠/ ٦٤).","vol":"15","page":566},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ (^١) تُحِدُّ على مَيِّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦١٥ - فأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أيو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ قالَت: لَمّا أُصيبَ جَعفَرٌ -﵁- أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"تَسَلَّبِى (^٤) ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ اصنَعِى ما شِئتِ\" (^٥). فلَم يَثبُتْ سَماعُ عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن أسماءَ، وقَد قيلَ فيه: أن (^٦) أسماءَ. فهو مُرسَلٌ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ لَيسَ بالقَوىَّ (^٧)، والأحاديثُ قَبلَه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٢)، ومسلم (١٤٩١/ ٦٥)، والنسائى (٣٥٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٥)، وابن حبان (٤٣٠٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٤، ٨٨٥)، وسيأتى في (١٥٦١٧ - ١٥٦٢٤).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"تفعلى\"، وفى م: \"تسلبنى\". وتسلبى: أى البسى ثياب الحداد السود. تهذيب اللغة ١٢/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٦٨)، وابن حبان (٣١٤٨) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به. وعند إبن حبان: \"تسلمى\".\n(^٦) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٧) هو محمد بن طلحة بن مصرف اليامى، أبو عبد الله. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٢٢، والتعديل والتجريج للباجى ٢/ ٦٩٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٧٢، وقال ابن =","vol":"15","page":567},{"text":"أثبَتُ، فالمَصيرُ إلَيها أولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3355>بابُ كَيفَ الإحدادُ</span>\n\n١٥٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ قال: حُمَيدُ بنُ نافِعٍ أخبرَنِى قال: سَمِعتُ زَينَبَ بنتَ أُمَّ سلمةَ تُحَدِّثُ عن أُمَّها أنَّ امرأةً توُفِّى عَنَها زَوجُها، فاشتَكَت عَينُها وخَشُوا على عَينِها، فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قال: \"قَد كانَت إحداكُنَّ تَمكُثُ في شَرِّ أحلاسِها في بَيتِها إلَى الحَولِ فمَرَّ كَلبٌ رَمَت ببَعَرَةٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَت، لا، أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: فسُئلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: أتكتحلُ؟ فقالَ: \"لا\". وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"لا، حَتَّى تمضِىَ أربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ وعَشرٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n= حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٧٣: صدوق له أوهام.\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٧٠١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦٥٣) من طريق يونس بن حبيب به. والبغوى في الجعديات (١٥٧٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبى بكير به. وتقدم في (١٥٥٥٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٣٨، ٥٧٠٦)، ومسلم (١٤٨٨/ ٦٠).","vol":"15","page":568},{"text":"عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ المُلائىُّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ (^١) تُحِدُّ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ فإِنَّها لا تَكتَحِلُ ولا تَمتَشِطُ ولا تطيَّبُ إلَّا عِندَ أدنَى طُهرَتِها، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا، إلَّا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ عن الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ مُختَصَرًا، ثُمَّ قال: وقالَ الأنصارِىُّ: حدثنا هِشامٌ (^٣). فذَكَر ما:\n\n١٥٦١٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنا أبو (^٤) عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أبى الوَزيرِ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، حَدَّثَتنا حَفصَةُ بنتُ سيرينَ قالَت: حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن تُحِدَّ المَرأَةُ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ إلَّا على زَوجٍ، فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ عَلَيه أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا، إلَّا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ، ولا تَكتَحِلُ، ولا تَمَسُّ طيبًا إلَّا إلَى أدنَى طُهرَتِها إذا طَهَرَت بنُبذَةٍ مِن قُسطٍ أو أظفارٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٦١٩ - حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٣٤٢، ٥٣٤٣).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م. وينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٢/ ٢٥.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٨٨٥).","vol":"15","page":569},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على مَيَّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ عَلَيه أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا إلَّا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ، ولا تَكتَحِلُ، ولا تَمَسُّ الطيبَ إلَّا عِندَ أدنَى طُهرِها إذا اغتَسَلَت منِ محيضِها مِن قُسطٍ أو أظفارٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٢٠ - ورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ بمَعناه، وزادَ فيه: \"ولا تَختَضِبُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٢١ - ورَواه يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى بُكَيرٍ فقالَ مَكانَ: \"عَصْبٍ\". \"إلَّا ثَوبًا مَغسولًا\". أخبرَنا أبو عليًّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩٤)، وأبو داود (٢٣٠٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣٠٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٨/ ٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٩٣٨/ ٦٦) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٧) من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٨٨٤).","vol":"15","page":570},{"text":"أبى بُكَيرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ كما:\n\n١٥٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمَّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرأةٍ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن تُحِدَّ على هالِكٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ فإِنَّها تُحِدُّ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا ولا ثَوبَ عَضبٍ، ولا تَكتَحِلُ بالإِثمِدِ، ولا تَختَضِبُ، ولا تَمَسُّ طِيبًا إلَّا عِندَ أدنَى طُهرِها إذا تَطَهَّرَت مِن حَيضَتِها بنُبذَةٍ مِن قُسطٍ أو أظفارٍ\". كَذا قال: \"ولا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ\" (^٢).\nوبَلَغَنِى عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ أنَّه رَواه عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ كَذَلِكَ (^٣)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ.\nوقَد رَواه عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ:\n\n١٥٦٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ. فذَكَرَه نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ وقالَ: \"إلَّا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٣٠٢). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٥/ ٦١ (١٤١) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٥٣٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٧٦٦) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به، وعنده: \"إلا ثوب عصب\". كرواية الجماعة.","vol":"15","page":571},{"text":"ولَم يَذكُرِ الخِضابَ.\n\n١٥٦٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن حَفصةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: كُنّا نُنهَى أن نُحِدَّ على مَيَّتٍ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، إلَّا على زَوجٍ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ولا نَكتَحِلَ، ولا نَتَطَيَّبَ، ولا نَلبَسَ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا، إلَّا ثَوبَ عَصْبٍ، وقَد رُخَّصَ في طُهرِها إذا اغتَسَلَت إحدانا مِن مَحيضِها في نُبذَةٍ مِن قُسْطٍ وأظفارٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَجَبِىَّ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى بُدَيلُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن صَفيًّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"المُتَوَفَّى عَنها لا تَلبَسُ المُعَصفَرَ مِنَ الثّيابِ ولا المُمَشَّقَةَ (^٣) ولا الحُلِىَّ، ولا تَختَضِبُ، ولا تَكتَحِلُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ. وزادَ الصَّغانِىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ١١٢٨ (٩٣٨/ ٦٧)، والبخارى (٣١٣)، وتقدم في (٨٨٥).\n(^٣) الممثسقة: أى المصبوغة بالمِشق وهو طين أحمر يصبغ به الثوب. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٣٩٥ (م ش ق).","vol":"15","page":572},{"text":"رِوايَتِه قال: وحَدَّثَنِى بُدَيلُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ أنَّ الحَسَنَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ قال: لَم أرَهُم يَرَونَ بالصَّبِرِ (^١) بأسًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن بُدَيلٍ العُقَيلِىِّ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن صفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: لا تَلبَسُ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها مِنَ الثّيابِ المُصبَغَةِ شَيئًا، ولا تَكتَحِلُ، ولا تَزَيَّنُ، ولا تَلبَسُ حُليًّا، ولا تَختَضِبُ، ولا تَطَيَّبُ (^٣). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٥٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ (^٤) نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: المُتَوَفَّى عَنها زَوجُها لا تَكتَحِلُ، ولا تَطَيَّبُ، ولا تَختَضِبُ، ولا تَلبَسُ ثَوبًا مَصبوغًا إلَّا [البُرْدَ العَصْبَ] (^٥)، ولا تَبيتُ [عن بيتِ زَوْجِها) (^٦) ولَكِن تَزورُ بالنَّهارِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) الصبر: هو الدواء المرُّ. النهاية ٤/ ٣١٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٨١)، وأبو داود (٢٣٠٤)، والنسائى (٣٥٣٧)، وابن حبان (٤٣٠٦) من طريق يحيى بن أبى بكير به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠١٩).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٢١١٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩١٩٣) مقتصرًا على الحلى، والطبرانى ٢٣/ ٣٥٧ (٨٣٨) من طريق معمر به بنحوه.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"السود المعصب\".\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨: \"عن بيتها\"، وفى م: \"غير بيتها\".\n(^٧) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١١٦)، وأبن أبى شيبة (١٩١٩٠) من طريق عبيد الله به بنحوه. وسعيد بن منصور (٢١٣٧) من طريق نافع بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":573},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3356>بابُ المُعتَدَّةِ تُضطَرُّ إلى الكُحلِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قالَت لامرأةٍ حادٍّ على زَوجِها اشتَكَت عَينَيها فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مِنها: اكتَحِلِى بكُحلِ الجِلاءِ (^١) باللَّيلِ وامسَحيه بالنَّهارِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٢٩ - وبإسنادِه (^٣): حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ على أُمِّ سلمةَ وهِىَ حادٌّ على أبى سلمةَ وقَد جَعَلَت على عَينَيها صَبِرًا فقالَ: \"ما هَذا يا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ؟ \". فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّما هو صَبِرٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اجعَليه باللَّيلِ وامسَحيه بالنَّهارِ\" (^٤).\nوهَذانِ مُنقَطِعانِ، وقَد رُويَا بإِسنادٍ مَوصولٍ:\n\n١٥٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ المُغيرَةَ بنَ الضَّحّاكِ يقولُ: أخبَرَتنِى أُمُّ حَكيمٍ بنتُ أَسِيدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) كحل الجِلاء: كحل يجلو البصر، وقيل: هو الإثمد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٨.\n(^٣) في م: \"وبالإسناد\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ بروابة ابن بيهر (١٢/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٦٠٠، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٢.","vol":"15","page":574},{"text":"أُمِّها أنَّ زَوجَها توُفِّىَ وكانَت تَشتَكِى عَينَها فتَكتَحِلُ بكُحلِ الجَلَى (^١) -قال أحمدُ: الصَّوابُ: بكُحلِ الجِلَى- فأَرسَلَت مَولاةً لَها إلَى أُمِّ سلمةَ فسألَتها عن كُحلِ الجَلَى، فقالَت: لا تَكْتحلى به إلَّا مِن أمرٍ لا بُدَّ مِنه يَشتَدُّ عَلَيكِ، فتَكتَحِلينَ باللَّيلِ وتَمسَحينَه بالنَّهارِ. ثُمَّ قالَت عِندَ ذَلِكَ أُمُّ سلمةَ -﵄-: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ توُفِّىَ أبو سلمةَ وقَد جَعَلتُ علىَّ عَينَىَّ صَبِرًا فقالَ: \"ما هَذا يا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: إنَّما هو صَبِرٌ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَيسَ فيه طيبٌ. قال: \"إنَّه يَشُبُّ (^٢) الوَجهَ، فلا تَجعَليه إلَّا باللَّيلِ، وتَنزِعينَه بالنَّهارِ، ولا تَمتَشِطِى بالطّيبِ ولا بالحِنّاءِ؛ فإِنَّه خِضابٌ\". قالَت: قُلتُ: بأَىَّ شَئٍ أمتَشِطُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"بالسِّدرِ، تُغَلِّفينَ به رأسَكِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3357>بابُ اجتِماعِ العِدَّتَينِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ طُلَيحَةَ كانَت تَحتَ رُشَيدٍ الثَّقَفِىِّ فطَلَّقَها\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"الجلاء\"، وفى م: \"الحلاء\" وكذلك في المواضع الآتية.\n(^٢) يَشب الوجه: أى يحسنه ويتممه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٠)، وأبو داود (٢٣٠٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٥٣٩) من طريق ابن وهب به بنحوه. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٠٢).","vol":"15","page":575},{"text":"البَتَّةَ، فنَكَحَت في عِدَّتِها، فضَرَبَها عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- وضرَبَ زَوجَها بالمِخفَقَةِ ضرَباتٍ وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أيُّما امرأةٍ نكَحَت في عِدَّتِها فإِن كان زَوجُها الَّذِى تَزَوَّجَ بها لَم يَدخُلْ بها فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ اعتَدَّت بَقيَّةَ عِدَّتِها مِن زَوجِها الأوَّلِ وكانَ خاطِبًا مِنَ الخُطّابِ، فإِن كان دَخَلَ بها فُرِّقَ بَينَهُما، ثُمَّ اعتَدَّت بَقيَّةَ عِدَّتِها مِن زَوجِها الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ اعتَدَّت مِنَ الآخَرِ، ثُمَّ لَم يَنكِحْها أبَدًا. قال سعيدٌ: ولَها مَهرُها بما استَحَلَّ مِنها (^١).\n\n١٥٦٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، عن جَريرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن زاذانَ أبى عُمَرَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قَضَى في التى تَزَوَّجُ في عِدَّتِها أنَّه يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما، ولَها الصَّداقُ بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها، وتُكمِلُ ما أفسَدَت مِن عِدَّةِ الأوَّلِ، وتَعتَدُّ مِنَ الآخَرِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج، عن عَطاءٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- في التى تَزَوَّجُ في عِدَّتِها قال: تكمِلُ بَقيَّةَ عِدَّتِها مِنَ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ تَعتَدُّ مِنَ الآخَرِ عِدَّةً جَديدَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٣، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بيهر (١٢/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٣٦، ومن طربقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٢)، وفى المعرفة (٤٦٨١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٣، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٥٣٢) من طريق ابن جريج له بمعناه.","vol":"15","page":576},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3358>بابُ الاختِلافِ فى مَهرِها وتَحريمِ نِكاحها على الثّانِى</span>\n\n١٥٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁- فى امرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَت فى عِدَّتِها قال: النَّكَاحُ حَرامٌ، والصَّداقُ حَرامٌ. وجَعَلَ الصَّداقَ فى بَيتِ المالِ، وقالَ: لا يَجتَمِعانِ ما عاشا (^١).\n\n١٥٦٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُبيدِ بنِ نَضْلَةَ -أو قال: نُضَيلَةَ. شَكَّ داودُ- قال: رُفِعَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- امرأةٌ تَزَوَّجَت فى عِدَّتِها، فقالَ لَها: هَل عَلِمتِ أنَّكِ تَزَوَّجتِ فى العِدَّةِ؟ قالَت: لا. فقالَ لِزَوجِها: هَل عَلِمتَ؟ قال: لا. قال: لَو عَلِمتُما لَرَجَمتُكُما. فجَلَدَهُما أسياطًا، وأَخَذَ المَهرَ فجَعَلَه صَدَقَةً فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ وقال: لا أُجيزُ مَهرًا لا أُجيزُ نِكاحَه. وقالَ: لا تَحِلَّ لَكَ أبَدًا.\n\n١٥٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمزَةَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦٩٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٣٦٦) من طريق إسماعيل به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":577},{"text":"عَليًّا -﵁- فرَّقَ بَينَهُما، وجَعَلَ لَها الصَّداقَ بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها وقالَ: إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُها فإِن شاءَت تزوجَتْه فعَلَت (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وبِقَولِ عليٍّ -﵁- نَقولُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- رَجَعَ عن قَولِه الأوَّلِ، وجَعَلَ لَها مَهرَها، وجَعَلَهُما يَجتَمِعانِ:\n\n١٥٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِي، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أشعَثُ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- بامرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَت في عِدَّتِها، فأَخَذَ مَهرَها فجَعَلَه في بَيتِ المالِ، وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما وقالَ: لا يَجتَمِعانِ. وعاقَبَهُما، قالَ: فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: لَيسَ هَكَذا، ولَكِن هذه الجَهالَةُ مِنَ النَّاسِ، ولَكِن يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما ثُمَّ تَستَكمِلُ بَقيَّةَ العِدَّةِ مِنَ الأوَّلِ، ثُمَّ تَستَقبِلُ عِدَّةً أُخرَى. وجَعَلَ لَها عليٌّ -﵁- المَهرَ بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها، قال: فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عُمَرُ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: يا أيُّها الناسُ، رُدُّوا الجَهالاتِ إلَى السُّنَّةِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ حَمزَةَ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٩٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٠٠٦) من طريق صالح بن مسلم عن الشّعبىّ بنحوه.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٢٣٣، وفيه: \"وبقول عليّ نقول: إنه يكون خاطبًا من الخطاب\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٢). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار (٢٤١٦٧) من طريق أشعث بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":578},{"text":"الهَرَوىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوَّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطاب -﵁- رَجَعَ عن قَولِه في الصَّداقِ، وجَعَلَه لَها بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها (^١).\n\n١٥٦٣٩ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أشعَثَ بإِسنادِه أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- رَجَعَ عن ذَلِكَ، وجَعَلَ لَها مَهرَها، وجَعَلَهُما يَجتَمِعانِ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3359>بابُ ما جاءَ في أقَلِّ الحَملِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا ولَدَتِ المَرأَةُ لتِسعَةِ أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ أحدًا (^٣) وعِشرينَ شَهرًا، وإِذا وضَعَت لِسَبعَةِ أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ثَلاثَةً وعِشرينَ شَهرًا، وإِذا وضَعَت لسِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ أربَعَةً وعِشرينَ شَهرًا كما قال اللهُ ﷿. يَعنِى قَولَه: ﴿وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا﴾ (^٤) [الأحقاف: ١٥].\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار (٢٤١٥٣) من طريق الثورى به بنحوه.\n(^٣) رسمت في النسخ: \"أحد\"، وضبب عليها في الأصل وفيما سيأتى من ذكر عدد الأشهر، ولعل التقدير: كفاها من الرضاع أن تُرْضِع أحدًا وعشرين شهرًا. وكذا فيما بعده.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١٩٧٧). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٢٠١، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٨٥٦٧)، والطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار عقب (٢٨٦٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٠ من طريق داود =","vol":"15","page":579},{"text":"١٥٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى القَصّافِ، عن أبى حَربِ ابنِ أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِي، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- أُتِيَ بامرأةٍ قَد ولَدَت لِسِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ، فهَمَّ برَجمِها، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا -﵁- فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيها رَجمٌ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ -﵁- فأَرسَلَ إلَيه فسألَه فقالَ: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣]. وقالَ: ﴿وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا﴾. فسِتَّةُ أشهُرٍ حَملُه وحَولَينِ تَمامٌ، لا حَدَّ عَلَيها. أو قال: لا رَجمَ عَلَيها. قال: فخَفَى عَنها ثُمَّ ولَدَت (^١).\n\n١٥٦٤٢ - وأنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ (^٢)، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى القَصّافِ، عن أبى حَربٍ، عن (^٣) أبى الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِي، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ رُفِعَت إلَيه امرأةٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). كَذا في هذه الروايَةِ: عُمَرُ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوىَ عن الحَسَنِ مُرسَلًا.\n_________\n= ابن أبى هند به بنحوه. وسيأتى في (١٥٧٦٦).\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٥).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"سنان\"، وفى س، م: \"بشير\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٥٢٢.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٣٧، ٢٣١.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٥)، وفى المعرفة (٤٦٨٤). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٤٤).","vol":"15","page":580},{"text":"١٥٦٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ أُتِىَ بامرأةٍ قَد ولَدَت في سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ فأَمَرَ بها أن تُرجَمَ، فقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها؛ قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا﴾. وقالَ: ﴿وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ﴾ [لقمان: ١٤]. قال: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ﴾. فالرَّضاعَةُ أربَعَةٌ وعِشرونَ شَهرًا، والحَملُ سِتَّةُ أشهُرٍ. فأَمَرَ بها عثمانُ أن تُرَدَّ فوُجِدَت قَد رُجِمَت (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3360>بابُ ما جاءَ في أكثَرِ الحَملِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُويُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن جَميلَةَ (^٢) بنتِ سَعدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما تَزيدُ المَرأَةُ في الحَملِ على سَنَتَينِ ولا قَدْرَ ما يَتَحَوَّلُ ظِلُّ عُودِ المِغزَلِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٨٢٥.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"خُمَيلة\". وفى الحاشية: \"لعلها ... خميلة بالخاء المعجمة المضمومة ... واللَّه أعلم\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٠٧٧). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢١، ٣٢٢، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٣/ ٤٥٠ من طريق داود بن عبد الرَّحمن به.","vol":"15","page":581},{"text":"١٥٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ] (^١) الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الوَليدَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ يقولُ: قُلتُ لِمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: إنِّى حُدِّثتُ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: لا تَزيدُ المَرأَةُ في (^٢) حَملِها على سَنَتَينِ قَدرَ ظِلِّ المِغزَلِ. فقالَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! مَن يقولُ هَذا؟ هذه جارَتُنا امرأةُ محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، امرأةُ صِدقٍ، وزَوجُها رَجُلُ صِدقٍ، حَمَلَت ثَلاثَةَ أبطُنٍ في [اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ] (^٣) سنة؛ تَحمِلُ كُلّ بَطنٍ أربَعَ سِنينَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى رِزْمَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ ابنُ شَدَّادِ بنِ داودَ المُخرِّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى رِزْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا المُبارَكُ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ قال: مَشهورٌ عِندَنا امرأةُ محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ تَحمِلُ وتَضَعُ في أربَعِ سِنينَ، وكانَت تُسَمَّى حامِلَةَ الفيلِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا مَخلَدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) في م: \"على\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"اثنى عشر\". وضبب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٣٦)، وفى المعرفة (٤٦٨٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٢٢.","vol":"15","page":582},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ هو الواقِدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ يقولُ: قَد يَكونُ الحَملُ سَنتينَ (^١)، وأَعرِفُ مَن حَمَلَت به أُمُّه أكثَرَ مِن سَنَتَينِ. يَعنِى نَفسَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣) الضَّبِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أيّوبَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ الشَّاذْكونِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ واقِدٍ في ذِكرِ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ أنَّ أُمَّه حَمَلَت به في البَطنِ ثَلاثَ سِنينَ. هَذا مَعنَى كَلامِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٤٩ - أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شُعَيبٍ صالِحُ بنُ عِمرانَ الدَّعّاءُ، حَدَّثَنِي أحمدُ بنُ غَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هاشِمُ بنُ يَحيَى الفَرّاءُ المُجاشِعِيُّ قال: بَينَما مالكُ بنُ دينارٍ يَومًا جالِسٌ إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أبا يَحيَي، ادعُ لامرأةٍ حُبلَى مُنذُ أربَعِ سِنينَ، قَد أصبَحَت في كَربٍ شَديدٍ. فغَضبَ مالكٌ وأَطبَقَ المُصحَفَ ثُمَّ قال: ما يَرَى هَؤُلاءِ القَومُ إلَّا أنَّا أنبياءُ! ثم قرأ، ثُمَّ دَعا، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ هذه المَرأَةُ إن كان في بَطنِها ريحٌ فأَخرِجْها عَنها السّاعَةَ، وإِن كان في بَطنِها جاريَةٌ فأَبدِلْها بها غُلامًا؛ فإِنَّكَ تَمحو ما تَشاءُ وتُثبِتُ وعِندَكَ أُمُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"سنين\".\n(^٢) الطبقات الكبرى القسم المتمم ص ٤٣٤.\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"محمد بن\"، وفى م: \"بن محمد\".\n(^٤) ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١١٩.","vol":"15","page":583},{"text":"الكِتابِ. ثُمَّ رَفَعَ مالكٌ يَدَه ورَفَعَ النَّاسُ أيديَهُم، وجاءَ الرَّسولُ إلَى الرَّجُلِ فقالَ: أدرِكِ امرأتَكَ. فذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ، فما حَطَّ مالكٌ يَدَه حَتَّى طَلَعَ الرَّجُلُ مِن بابِ المَسجِدِ على رَقَبَتِه غُلامٌ جَعدٌ قَطَطٌ (^١) ابنُ أربَعِ سِنينَ قَدِ استَوَت أسنانُه، ما قُطِعَت سِرارُه (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ الجُندَيسابورِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أشياخٌ مِنا قالوا: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى غِبتُ عن امرأتِى سَنَتَينِ، فجِئتُ وهِىَ حُبلَى. فشاوَرَ عُمَرُ -﵁- الناسَ في رَجمِها، فقالَ مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إن كان لَكَ عَلَيها سَبيلٌ فلَيسَ لَكَ على ما في بَطنِها سَبيلٌ، فاترُكْها حَتَّى تَضَعَ. فتَرَكَها، فوَلَدَت غُلامًا قَد خَرَجَت ثَنِيَّتاه، فعَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ الشَّبَهَ فيه فقالَ: ابنِى ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: عَجَزَتِ النِّساءُ أن يَلِدنَ مِثلَ مُعاذٍ -﵁-، لَولا مُعاذٌ لَهَلَكَ عُمَرُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) جعد قطط: هو الشديد جعودة الشعر كالسودان. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٨، ٢/ ١٨٣.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"سرته\"، وفى م: \"أسراره\". والسرار: ما تقطعه القابلة من المولود عند الولادة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٢.\nوالأثر عند الدارقطنيّ ٣/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٣) الدارقطنيّ ٣/ ٣٢٢. وأخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٣٤٥٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٧٦) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":584},{"text":"وهَذا إن ثَبَتَ ففيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّ الحَملَ يَبقَى أكثَرَ مِن سَنَتَينِ، وقَولُ عُمَرَ -﵁- في امرأةِ المَفقودِ: تَرَبَّصُ أربَعَ سِنينَ (^١). يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما قالَه لِبَقاءِ الحَملِ أربَعَ سِنينَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3361>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ بامرأَةٍ فتأتِى بوَلَدٍ لأقَلَّ مِن سِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ مِن يَومِ النِّكَاحِ، ولأقَلَّ مِن أربَعِ سِنيَن مِن يَومِ فارقَها (^٢) الأوَّل</span>\n\n١٥٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ امرأةً هَلَكَ عَنها زَوجُها، فاعتَدَّت أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَت حينَ حَلَّت، فمَكَثَت عِندَ زَوجِها أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ ونِصفًا، ثُمَّ ولَدَت ولَدًا تامًّا، فجاءَ زَوجُها عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فدَعا عُمَرُ -﵁- نِسوَةً مِن نِساءِ الجاهِليَّةِ قُدَماءَ فسألَهُنَ عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَتِ امرأةٍ مِنهُنَّ: أنا أُخبِرُكَ عن هذه المَرأَةِ، هَلَكَ زَوجُها حينَ حَمَلَت فأُهريقَتِ الدِّماءُ، فحَشَّ ولَدُها في بَطنِها، فلَمّا أصابَها زَوجُها الَّذِى نَكَحَت وأَصابَ الوَلَدَ الماءُ تَحَرَّكَ الوَلَدُ في بَطنِها وكَبِرَ. فصدَّقَها عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، وقالَ عُمَرُ: أما إنَّه لَم يَبلُغْنِى عَنكُما إلَّا خَيرٌ.\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى قريبًا في (١٥٦٥٨) وما بعده.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فراقها\".","vol":"15","page":585},{"text":"وأَلحَقَ الوَلَدَ بالأَوَّلِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3362>بابُ عِدَّةِ المُطَلَّقَةِ يَملِكُ زَوجُها رَجعَتَها</span>\n\n١٥٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان الرَّجُلُ يُطلِّقُ امرأتَه ثُمَّ يُراجِعُها، لَيسَ لِذَلِكَ مُنتَهًى يُنتَهَى إلَيه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ لامرأتِه: واللهِ لا أُويكِ (^٢) إلَيَّ أبَدًا، ولا تَحِلِّينَ لِغَيرِى. قال: فقالَت: كَيفَ ذاكَ؟ قال: أُطَلِّقُكِ، فإِذا دَنا أجَلُكِ راجَعتُكِ. قال: فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَشكو، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩]. فاستَقبَلَه النّاسُ جَديدًا؛ مَن كان طَلَّقَ ومَن لَم يَكُنْ طَلَّقَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا هَذا فيما مَضى مَوصولًا (^٤)، وفيه كالدَّلالَةِ على أنَّها كانَت تَعتَدُّ مِنَ الطَّلاقِ الآخرِ عِدَّةً مُستَقبَلَةً، وهَذا قَولُ أبى الشَّعثاءِ وطاوُسٍ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وغَيرِهِم.\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤٤١٤)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٧٤٠. وتقدم في (١٥٥١٤).\n(^٢) كذا ضبطه في الأصل بضم الهمزة وبواو واحدة، وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\"، وفى ص ٨، م: \"آويك\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (١١٩٢) من طريق هشام بمعناه، وقال الترمذى: وهذا أصح من حديث يعلى. يعنى الموصول. وضعفه الألباني في الإرواء ٧/ ١٦٢.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٢٤٩) بنحوه.","vol":"15","page":586},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3363>بابُ مَن قال: امرأةُ المَفقودِ امرأتُه حَتَّى يأتيَها يَقيُن وفاتِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى ابنُ حَسَّانَ، عن أبى عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأسَدِيِّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنه قال في امرأةِ المَفقودِ: إنَّها لا تزوّجُ (^١).\n\n١٥٦٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا (^٢) يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، عن هُشَيمِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن سَيّارٍ أبى الحَكَمِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- في امرأةِ المَفقودِ إذا قَدِمَ وقَد تَزَوَّجَتِ امرأتُه: هِىَ امرأتُه، إن شاءَ طَلَّقَ وإِن شاءَ أمسَكَ، ولا تُخَيَّرُ (^٣).\nورَواه أبو عُبَيدٍ عن هُشَيمٍ عن سَيَّارٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عليٍّ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن زائدَةَ بنِ قُدامَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٨٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤١. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٥٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) في الأصل \"وأخبرنا\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"تجبر\".\nوالأثر عند المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٨٨)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤١.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٦١) عن هشيم به.","vol":"15","page":587},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا سِماكٌ، عن حَنَشٍ قال: قال عليٌّ -﵁-: لَيسَ الَّذِى قال عُمَرُ -﵁- بشَئٍ -يَعنى في امرأةِ المَفقودِ- هِىَ امرأةُ الغائبِ حَتَّى يأتيَها يَقينُ مَوتِه أو طَلاقُها، ولَها الصَّداقُ مِن هَذا بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها، ونِكاحُه باطِلٌ (^١).\nورُوِّينَا عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: هِىَ امرأةُ الأوَّلِ، دَخَلَ بها الآخِرُ أو لَم يَدخُلْ بها (^٢).\nوهو قَولُ النَّخَعِيِّ والحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ هو الدَّورِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ قال: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِي، عن مَنصورِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ في امرأةِ المَفقودِ: تَلَوَّمُ (^٤) وتَصبِرُ (^٥).\nورُوىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ، في إسنادِه مَن لا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِه:\n\n١٥٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ السَّقَطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بنُ مالكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَوَّارُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ الهَمْدانِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٤٤)، ويظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٧٣).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٤٦).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٦٤، ١٦٨٦٥).\n(^٤) تلوَّم: تنتظر. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٣/ ٤٤٦ (ل وم).\n(^٥) تاريخ ابن معين (٤٦١٧ - برواية الدورى).","vol":"15","page":588},{"text":"المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"امرأةُ المَفقودِ امرأتُه حَتَّى يأتيَها البَيانُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى الواسِطيُّ عن سَوّارِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ، وسَوَّارٌ ضعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3364>بابُ مَن قال: تَنتَظِرُ أربَعَ سِنيَن ثُمَّ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ثُمَّ تَحِلُّ</span>\n\n١٥٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: أيُّما امرأةٍ فقَدَت زَوجَها فلَم تَدرِ أينَ هو فإِنَّها تَنتَظِرُ أربَعَ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ تَنتَظِرُ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، زادَ: ثُمَّ تَحِلُّ (^٤).\nورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وزادَ فيه: قال: وقَضَى بذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٢ من طريق محمد بن الفضل بن جابر به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٠٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٩٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٦، ومالك ٢/ ٥٧٥.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٥.","vol":"15","page":589},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁- بَعدَ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^١).\nورَواه أبو عُبَيدٍ في كتابِه عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- قالا: امرأةُ المَفقودِ تَرَبَّصُ أربَعَ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ تَعتَدُّ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ثُمَّ تَنكِحُ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيُّ أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- أجَّلَ امرأةَ المَفقودِ أربَعَ سِنينَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، قال شُعبَةُ: سَمِعتُ مَنصورًا يُحَدِّثُ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: قَضَى عُمَرُ -﵁- في المَفقودِ: تَرَبُّصُ امرأتُه أربَعَ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها ولِيُّ زَوجِها، ثُمَّ تَرَبَّصُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٢٣١٧) من طريق الزهرى بنحوه. وسيأتى عقب (١٥٦٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٦٦) من طريق الزهرى دون قوله: ثم تنكح.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٢٩). وذكره ابن محمد البر في الاستذكار (٢٦٥٢٣) بنحوه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٦٧) من طريق المنهال به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٣٢١) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى بمعناه.","vol":"15","page":590},{"text":"ورَواه عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ عن أبى عثمانَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ في طَلاقِ الوَلِىِّ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُجاهِدٌ عن الفَقيدِ الَّذِى استَهوَته الجِنُّ في قَضاءِ عُمَرَ -﵁- بذَلِكَ (^٢).\nورَواه خِلاسُ بنُ عمرٍو وأبو المَليحِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ. ورِوايَةُ خِلاسٍ عن عليٍّ ضَعيفَةٌ. ورِوايَةُ أبى المَليحِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- مُرسَلَةٌ. والمَشهورُ عن عليٍّ -﵁- خِلافُ هَذا.\nورَوَى أبو عُبَيدٍ في كِتابِه عن يَزيدَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى وحشيَّةَ عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أنَّه شَهِدَ ابنَ عباسٍ وابنَ عُمَرَ تَذاكَرا امرأةَ المَفقودِ فقالا: تَرَبَّصُ بنَفسِها أربَعَ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ تَعتَدُّ عِدَّةَ [المتوفَّى عنها. حتى] (^٣) ذَكَروا النَّفَقَةَ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: لَها نَفَقَتُها لِحَبسِها نَفسَها عَلَيهِ. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إذن يُضِرَّ ذَلِكَ بأَهلِ الميراثِ، ولَكِن لِتُنفِقْ فإِن قَدِمَ أخَذَته مِن مالِه، وإِن لَم يَقدَمْ فلا شَئَ لَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١١ من طريق عاصم الأحول به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٢٠) من طريق مجاهد بنحوه.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الوفاة ثم\"، وفى ص ٨: \"الوفاة حتى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٥٦) من طريق عمرو بن هرم به بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٤٠) من طريق سعيد به بنحوه، وليس عنده: عمرو بن هرم.","vol":"15","page":591},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3365>بابُ مَن قال بتَخييِر المَفقودِ إذا قَدِمَ بَينَها وبَيَن الصَّداقِ، ومَن أنكَرَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِى لَفظًا قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهابِ بنُ عَطاء، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَي، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن قَومِه مِنَ الأنصارِ خَرَجَ يُصَلِّى مَعَ قَومِه العِشاءَ، فسَبَته الجِنُّ ففُقِدَ، فانطَلَقَتِ امرأتُه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقَصَّت عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، [فسألَ عنه قَومَه] (^١) فقالوا: نَعَم، خَرَجَ يُصَلِّى العِشاءَ ففُقِدَ. فأَمَرَها أن تَرَبَّصَ أربَعَ سِنينَ، فلَمَّا أن مَضَتِ الأربَعُ السِّنونَ (^٢) أتَته فأَخبَرَته، فسألَ قَومَها فقالوا: نَعَم. فأَمَرَها أن تَزَوَّجَ، فتَزَوَّجَت، فجاءَ زَوجُها يُخاصِمُ في ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: يَغيبُ أحَدُكُمُ الزَّمانَ الطويلَ لا يَعلَمُ أهلُه حَياتَه! فقالَ له: إنَّ لِى عُذرًا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: وما عُذرُكَ؟ قال: خَرَجتُ أُصَلِّى العِشاءَ فسَبَتنِى الجِنُّ، فلَبِثتُ فيهِم زَمانًا طَويلًا، فغَزاهُم جِنٌّ مُؤمِنونَ -أو قال: مُسلِمونَ. شَكَّ سعيدٌ- فقاتَلوهُم فظَهَروا عَلَيهِم، فسَبَوا مِنهُم سَبايا فسَبَونِى فيما سَبَوا مِنهُم، فقالوا: نَراكَ رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا ولا يَحِلُّ لَنا سباؤُك (^٣). فخَيَّرونِى بَينَ المُقامِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فسأل عنه عمر قومه\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سنين\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"سبيك\".","vol":"15","page":592},{"text":"وبَينَ القُفولِ إلَى أهلِي، فاختَرتُ القُفولَ إلَى أهلِي، فأَقبَلوا مَعِي، أمّا باللَّيلِ فلَيسَ يُحَدِّثونِى، وأَمّا بالنَّهارِ فعِصارُ ريحٍ أتبَعُها. فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: فما كان طَعامُكَ فيهِم؟ قال: الفولَ وما لا (^١) يُذكَرُ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ. قال: فما كان شَرابُكَ فيهِم؟ قال: الجَذَفَ. قال قَتادَةُ: والجَذَفُ ما لا يُخَمَّرُ مِنَ الشَّرابِ. قال: فخَيَّرَه عُمَرُ بَينَ الصَّداقِ وبَينَ امرأتِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٦٣ - قال سعيدٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى مَطَرٌ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مِثلَ حَديثِ قَتادَةَ، إلَّا أنَّ مَطَرًا زادَ فيه قال: أمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ أربَعَ سِنينَ وأَربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا.\n\n١٥٦٦٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا أبو مَسعودٍ الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن عُمَرَ مِثلَ ما رَوَى قَتادَةُ عن أبى نَضرَةَ.\n\n١٥٦٦٥ - ورَواه ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى مُختَصرًا، وزادَ فيه: قال: فخَيَّرَه عُمَرُ بَينَ الصَّداقِ وبَينَ امرأتِه، فاختارَ الصَّداقَ. قال حَمّادٌ: وأَحسِبُه قال: فأَعطاه الصَّداقَ مِن بَيتِ المالِ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا ثابِتٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لَمْ\".\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٥٥) من طريق أبى نضرة به بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٣٢٢) من طريق آخر عن عبد الرَّحمن بن أبى ليلى بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٢١) من طريق ثابت مطولًا.","vol":"15","page":593},{"text":"ورَواه مُجاهِدٌ عن الفَقيدِ الَّذِى استَهوَته الجِنُّ عن عُمَرَ (^١).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في امرأةِ المَفقودِ قال: إن جاءَ زَوجُها وقَد تَزَوَّجَت خُيِّرَ بَينَ امرأتِه وبَينَ صَداقِها، فإِنِ اختارَ الصَّداقَ كان على زَوجِها الآخرِ، وإِنِ اختارَ امرأتَه اعتَدَّت حَتَّى تَحِلُّ، ثُمَّ تَرجِعُ إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ، وكانَ لَها مِن زَوجِها الآخرِ مَهرُها بما استَحَلَّ مِن فرجِها. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وقَضَى بذَلِكَ عثمانُ بَعدَ عُمَرَ -﵄- (^٢).\nوكانَ مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ يُنكِرُ رِوايَةَ مَن رَوَى عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في التَّخييرِ:\n\n١٥٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالك قال: أدرَكتُ النّاسَ وهُم يُنكِرونَ الّذِى قال بَعضُ الناسِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يُخَيَّرُ زَوجُها إذا جاءَ وقَد نَكَحَت، في صَداقِها وفِى المَرأَةِ. قال مالك: إذا تَزَوَّجَت بَعدَ (^٣) انقِضاءِ العِدَّةِ فإِن دَخَلَ بها أو لَم يَدخُلْ بها فلا سَبيلَ لِزَوجِها الأوَّلِ إلَيها. وذَلِكَ الأمرُ عِندَنا. قال مالكٌ: إن جاءَ زَوجُها قَبلَ أن تَنقَضىَ عِدَّتُها فهو أحَقُّ بها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه عقب (١٥٦٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣١٧) من طريق الزهرى به. وتقدم عقب (١٥٦٥٩).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"قبل\". والمثبت موافق لما في الموطأ.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٧٥.","vol":"15","page":594},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قُلتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: فإِنَّ صاحِبَنا قال: أدرَكتُ مَن يُنكِرُ ما قال بَعضُ النَّاسِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: فقَد رأينا مَن يُنكِرُ قَضِيَّةَ عُمَرَ كُلَّها في المَفقودِ ويَقولُ: هَذا لا يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ مِن قَضاءِ عُمَرَ، فهَل كانَتِ الحُجَّةُ عَلَيه؟ إلَّا أنَّ الثقاتِ إذا حَمَلوا ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- لَم يُتَّهَموا، فكَذَلِكَ الحُجَّةُ عَلَيكَ، وكَيفَ جازَ أن تروىَ الثِّقاتُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- حَديثًا واحِدًا فتأخذَ (^١) ببَعضِه وتدعَ (^٢) بَعضًا؟! (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِي، عن مَسروقٍ -أو قال: أظُنُّه عن مَسروقٍ- قال: لَولا أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- خَيَّرَ المَفقودَ بَينَ امرأتِه أو الصَّداقِ لَرأيتُ أنَّه أحَقُّ بها إذا جاءَ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- في امرأةِ المَفقودِ: امرأة ابتُليَت فلتَصبِرْ، لا تَنْكِحْ حَتَّى يأتيَها يَقينُ مَوتِهِ. قال: وبِهَذا نَقولُ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَوَى قَتادَةُ عن خِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو وعن أبى المَليحِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا جاءَ الأَوَّلُ خُيِّرَ بَينَ الصَّداقِ الأخيرِ وبَينَ امرأتِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: بالنون بدل التاء.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"ندع\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٤١)، والمعرفة (٤٦٩١).\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"15","page":595},{"text":"ورِوايَةُ خِلاسٍ عن عليٍّ -﵁- ضَعيفَةٌ، وأبو المَليحِ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عليٍّ.\n\n١٥٦٦٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ (^١) ابنُ يَعقوبَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال أبو نَصرٍ يَعنِى عبدَ الوَهَّابِ بنَ عَطاءٍ، سألتُ سعيدًا عن المَفقودِ فأَخبَرَنا عن قَتادَةَ عن أبى المَليحِ الهُذَلِىِّ أنَّه قال: بَعَثَنى الحَكَمُ بنُ أيُّوبَ إلَى سُهَيمَةَ (^٢) بنتِ عُمَيرٍ الشَّيبانِيَّةِ أسأَلُها، فحَدَّثتنِى أنَّ زَوجَها صَيفِيَّ بنَ قشيلٍ (^٣) نُعِىَ لَها مِن قَندابِلَ (^٤) فتَزَوَّجَت بَعدَه العباسَ بنَ طَريفٍ القَيسِيَّ، ثُمَّ إنَّ زَوجَها الأَوَّلَ قَدِمَ، فأَتَينا عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ -﵁- وهو مَحصورٌ، فأَشرَفَ عَلَينا فقالَ: كَيفَ أقضِى بَينَكُم وأَنا على هذه الحالِ؟ فقُلنا: قَد رَضِينا بقَولِكَ. فقَضَى أن يُخَيَّرَ الزَّوجُ الأَوَّلُ بَينَ الصَّداقِ وبَينَ امرأتِه، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ عثمانُ -﵁-، فأَتَينا عَليًّا -﵁- فقَضى بما قال عثمانُ -﵁-. قال: خَيَّرَ الزَّوجَ الأَوَّلَ بَينَ امرأتِه [وبَينَ الصَّداقِ] (^٥)، فاختارَ الصَّداقَ (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: (محمد).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"شهية\"، وفى س: \"شهبة\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"قيل\". وفى تاريخ دمشق ٢٤/ ٢٥٧: صيفى بن فسيل، ويقال: فشيل. وفى الوافى بالوفيات ١٦/ ١٩٩: ابن فسيل: صيفى بن قشيل بالقاف والشين المعجمة أو فسيل بالفاء والسين المهملة. ا هـ. ولم نقف على ضبط حروفه.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"قَنْدايِيلَ\"، وفى ص ٨: \"فندابل\"، وفى معجم البلدان ٤/ ١٨٣: قندابيل: مدينة بالسند.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٦) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"15","page":596},{"text":"فأَخَذَ مِنِّى ألفَينِ ومِن زَوجِى ألفَينِ. وهو صَداقُه الَّذِى كان جَعَلَ لِلمَرأَةِ. قال: وكانَت له أُمُّ ولَدٍ قَد تَزَوَّجَت مِن بَعدِه ووَلَدَت لِزَوجِها أولادًا فرَدَّها عَلَيه ووَلَدَها وجَعَلَ لأبيهِم أن يَفتَكَّهُم (^١).\n\n١٥٦٦٩ - قال عبدُ الوَهّابِ: قال سعيدٌ: وحَدَّثَنا أيّوبُ عن أبى المَليحِ بمِثلِ هَذا الحديثِ، غَيرَ أنَّ أيّوبَ قال (^٢): جَعَلَ أولادَها لأبيهم (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٧٠ - قال: وكانَ قَتادَةُ يقولُ: يأخُذُ الصَّداقَ الآخِرَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٧١ - وعن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال: يأخُذُ الصَّداقَ الأوَّلَ (^٥).\nهذه المَرأَةُ لَم تُعرَفْ بما تَثبُتُ به رِوايَتُها، ورِوايَتُها هذه إن تَثْبُتْ تُضعِّفْ رِوايَةَ أبى المَليحِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- مُرسَلَةً في المَفقودِ؛ فإِنَّ في هذه الرِّوايَةِ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان في امرأةٍ نُعِىَ لَها زَوجُها، والمَشهورُ عن عليٍّ -﵁- ما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3366>بابُ استِبراءِ أُمِّ الوَلدِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٧٥)، وابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى ٨/ ٤٧١ من طريق قتادة بنحوه، واسم المرأة فيه: \"سهية\". وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٢٥) من طريق أبى المليح بنحوه، وفيه اسم المرأة: \"بنيهمة\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) ذكره ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٤/ ٢٥٧، واسم المرأة فيه \"شهبة\".\n(^٤) ذكره ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٤/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٥) المصدر السابق.","vol":"15","page":597},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال في أُمِّ الوَلَدِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنها سَيِّدُها: تَعتَدُّ بحَيضَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٦٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ قال: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عِدَّةُ أُمّ الوَلَدِ حَيضةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المزكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: إنَّ يَزيدَ بنَ عبدِ المَلِكِ فرَّقَ بَينَ رِجالٍ ونِسائِهِم كُنَّ أُمَّهاتِ أولادِ رِجالٍ هَلَكوا فتَزَوَّجوهُنَّ بَعدَ حَيضَةٍ أو (^٣) حَيضَتَينِ، ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُم حَتَّى يَعتَدِدنَ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا. قال القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! يقولُ اللهُ ﵎ في كِتابِه ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٤]. ما هُنَّ لَهُم بأَزواجٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٦٧٥ - وبِه عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ إذا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٩٣)، والشافعي ٥/ ٢١٨، ومالك ٢/ ٥٩٣. وسيأتى في (٢١٨٤١).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٤٩). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٢٨٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"و\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٢، ٥٩٣.","vol":"15","page":598},{"text":"توُفِّىَ عَنها سَيِّدُها حَيضَةٌ (^١). قال مالك: وذَلِكَ الأمرُ عِندَنا (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ البَغدادِىُّ الرَّفّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ يُعتِقُها سَيِّدُها أو يُتَوَفَّى عَنها حَيضَةٌ.\n\n١٥٦٧٧ - وأَمَّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يوسُفُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الخطَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بَحرٍ البَكراوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ و(^٣) مَطَرٍ، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵁- قال: لا تَلبِسوا عَلَينا سُنَّةَ نَبيِّنَا -ﷺ-، عِدَّتُها عِدَّةُ المُتَوَفَّى عَنها (^٤) أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا (^٥). [وفِى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرً] (^٦).\nفأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٢) الموطأ ٢/ ٥٩٣.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"قال وحدثنا\"، وفى م: \"ح قال وحدثنا\".\n(^٤) ليس في: س، وفى م: \"عنها زوجها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٠٣) هن طريق سعيد عن قتادة وحده به. وأبو داود (٢٣٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٨٣) هن طريق سعيد عن مطر وحده به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠٢٣).\n(^٦) ليس في: س، ص ٨.","vol":"15","page":599},{"text":"الحافظُ: قَبيصَةُ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عمرٍو، والصَّوابُ: لا تَلبِسوا عَلَينا دينَنا. مَوقوفٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٦٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن قَبيصةَ ابنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الحُرَّةِ. قال أبى: هَذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٧٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الوَليدُ، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِيُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الحُرَّةِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٨٠ - قال الشيخُ: ورَواه أبو مُعَيْدٍ (^٤) حَفصُ بنُ غَيلانَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى بإِسنادِه أنَّ (^٥) عمرَو بنَ العاصِ قال: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ إذا توُفَىَ عَنها سَيِّدُها أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا، وإِذا أُعتِقَتْ فعِدَّتُها ثلاثُ حِيَضٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٩.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٠، وأحمد في العلل (٢٦٥٦).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٠، وأحمد في العلل (٢٦٥٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"معبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٧٠، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٢٩٧.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"إلى\".","vol":"15","page":600},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ اليَقْطينيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ الخَلَّالُ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعَيْدٍ (^١). فذَكَرَه. قال عليٌّ: مَوقوفٌ وهو الصَّوابُ، وهو مُرسَلٌ؛ لأنَّ قَبيصَةَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو تَوبَةَ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، [عن سعيد بنِ عبدِ العزيزِ] (^٣)، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، أنَّ ماريَةَ اعتَدَّت بثَلاثِ حِيَضٍ بَعدَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٤). يَعنِى أُمَّ إبراهيمَ. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ. وسُوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن عَطاءٍ مَذهَبَه دونَ الرِّوايَةِ (^٦).\n\n١٥٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ زُرارَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ صالِحٍ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا العُمَرِىُّ، عن نافِعٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن عِدَّةِ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ فقالَ: حَيضَةٌ. فقالَ رَجُل: إنَّ عثمانَ -﵁- كان يقولُ: ثَلاثَةُ قُروءٍ. فقالَ: عثمانُ خَيرُنا وأَعلَمُنا (^٧). وفِى هَذا الإسنادِ ضَعفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"معبد\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٢١٦ من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١١٣٢).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٥٥).\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٦/ ١٧٣ من طريق المصنّف به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٨٧٠)،=","vol":"15","page":601},{"text":"١٥٦٨٣ - وأَنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو (^١)، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: عِدَّةُ أُمّ الوَلَدِ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا. قال وكيعٌ: مَعناه إذا مات عنها زَوجُها بَعدَ سَيِّدِها (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: رِواياتُ خِلاسٍ عن عليٍّ -﵁- عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ غَيرُ قَويَّةٍ يَقولون: هِىَ صحيفةٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3367>بابُ استِبراءِ مَن مَلَكَ الأمَةَ</span>\n\n١٥٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبى الوَدَّاكِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ رَفَعَه، أنَّه قال في سَبايا أَوطاسٍ: \"لا تُوطأُ حامِل حَتَّى تَضَعَ، ولا غَيرُ ذاتِ حَمل حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً\" (^٤).\nورَواه الشَّعبِيُّ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَئارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن\n_________\n= ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٦ من طريق العمرى به. وتقدم في (١٥٦٧٢، ١٥٦٧٣).\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"عمر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٩٦٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"ضعيفة\"، وفى م: \"محيفة\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٥٢)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٧). وتقدم في (١٠٨٩٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٨٨٩).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٨٩٣).","vol":"15","page":602},{"text":"ابنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى مَرزوقٍ، عن حَنَشٍ الصَّنعانِيِّ، عن رُوَيفِعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قامَ فينا خَطيبًا قال: أما إنِّى لا أقولُ لَكُم إلَّا ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ يَومَ حُنَينٍ قال: قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الاخِرِ (^١) يَسقِى ماءَه زَرعَ غَيرِه\". يَعنِى إتيانَ الحَبالَى \"ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يؤْمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَقَعَ على امرأةٍ مِنَ السَّبىِ حَتَّى يَستَبرِئَها، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَبيعَ مَغْنَمًا حَتَّى يُقسَمَ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ سلمةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ قال: غَزَونا مَعَ أبى روَيفِعِ الأنصارِىِّ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: يَومَ خَيبَرَ. وزادَ: أن يُصيبَ امرأةً مِنَ السَّبىِ ثَيِّبًا (^٣) والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ محمدِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ.\n\n١٥٦٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكير، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن ابنِ (^٤) إسحاقَ هَذا الحديثَ قال: حَتَّى يَستَبرِئَها بحَيضَةٍ. قال أبو داودَ: الحَيضةُ لَيسَت بمَحفوظَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"أن\". وكذا في حاشية الأصل.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢١٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٩٧)، والدارمى (٢٥٢٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٨٩٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"ثيبة\". وسيأتى في (١٨٣٤٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"أبى\". وأشار في حاشيتها إلى أن الصواب: \"ابن\"، وفى عون المعبود ٢/ ٢١٤: ابن إسحاق. وكتب تحت كلمة: \"ابن\": أبى.\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٢٢). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٨٩١).","vol":"15","page":603},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يَعنى في حَديثِ روَيفِعٍ.\n\n١٥٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُمَيرٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ جُبَيرٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- رأى امرأةً مُجِجًّا على بابِ فُسطاطٍ، أو قال: خِباءٍ فقالَ: \"لَعَلَّ صاحِبَ هذه يُلِمُّ بها (^١)، لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن ألعَنَه لَعنَةً تَدخُلُ مَعَه قَبرَه، كَيفَ يوَرِّثُه وهو لا يَحِلُّ له؟! وكَيفَ يَستَرِقُّه وهو لا يَحِلُّ له؟! \" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشَّارٍ عن أبى داودَ (^٣).\nوالمُجِحُّ: الحامِلُ المُقرِبُ. وهَذا لأنَّه قَد يَرَى أنَّ بها حَملًا ولَيسَ بحَمْلٍ فيأتيها فتَحمِلُ مِنه فيَراه مَملوكًا ولَيسَ بمَملوكٍ، وإِنَّما يُرادُ مِنه أنَّه نَهَى عن وطءِ السَّبايا قَبلَ الاستِبراءِ.\n\n١٥٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الوَزيرِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن (^٤) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَتيقٍ العَبسِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) يلم بها: أى يطؤها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ١٥.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٥٣)، والطيالسى (١٠٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٠٣)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٤١/ ...).\n(^٤) ليس في: ص ٨.","vol":"15","page":604},{"text":"بدِمَشقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ ابنِ أرطاةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- استَبرأ صَفيَّةَ بحَيضَةٍ (^١). في إسنادِه ضَعفٌ.\n\n١٥٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ الفارِسِيُّ المشّاطُ، أخبرَنا [أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ] (^٢)، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ إذا ماتَ سَيِّدُها والأمَةِ إذا عَتَقَت أو وُهِبَت حَيضَةٌ (^٤).\nورُوِّينَا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: تُستَبرأُ الأمَةُ بحَيضَةٍ (^٥).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ وعَطاءٍ وابنِ سيرينَ وعِكرِمَةَ أنَّهُم قالوا: يَستَبرِئُها وإِن كانَت بكرًا (^٦).\n\n١٥٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ وابنِ سيرينَ في الرَّجُلِ يَستَبرِيُّ الأمَةَ التى لا تَحيضُ قال: كانا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٤٥، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٢/ ٤٢٧ من طريق مروان به. وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣١١٦)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٧) من طريق ابن عياش به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"عمر بن منصور\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"عبد\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٦٧٣).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٠٨٩٣).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٦٥ - ١٦٧٦٩).","vol":"15","page":605},{"text":"لا يَرَيانِ أنَّ ذَلِكَ يَتَبَيَّنُ إلَّا بثَلاثَةِ أشهُرٍ (^١)\n\n١٥٦٩١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، [عن لَيثٍ] (^٢)، عن طاوُسٍ وعَطاءٍ قالا: وإِن كانَت لا تَحيضُ فثَلاثَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٩٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن مُعتَمِرٍ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: ثَلاثَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٤).\nورُوِّينَا أيضًا عن مُجاهِدٍ وإِبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3368>بابُ ما جاءَ في عِدَّةِ المُختَلِعَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالك، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عِدَّةُ المُختَلِعَةِ عِدَّةُ المُطَلَّقَةِ (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ: وهو قَولُ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ والزُّهرِىِّ والشَّعبِيِّ والجَماعَةِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٨٦). وأخرجه الدارميُّ (١٢١٦) من طريق خالد به. وسيأتى في (٢١٨٤٢).\n(^٢) سقط من: س.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٨٨). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٢١٥) من طريق ليث عن طاوس وحده.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٩١) عن معتمر عن معمر عن صدقة به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٩٣) عن معمر عن صدقة.\n(^٥) سيأتى في (٢١٨٤٣، ٢١٨٤٤).\n(^٦) أبو داود (٢٢٣٠)، ومالك ٢/ ٥٦٥. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٠١): صحيح موقوف.\n(^٧) ينظر موطأ مالك ٢/ ٥٦٥، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١١٨٦١)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٦٤٩، =","vol":"15","page":606},{"text":"١٥٦٩٤ - وأَمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليٍّ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى عثمانَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ بَحرِ بنِ بَرِّىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عمرِو ابنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ امرأةَ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسٍ اختَلَعَت مِنه، فجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عِدَّتَها حَيضةً (^١). فكَذا رَواه عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ يَزيدَ البَصرِيُّ وغَيرُهُما عن هِشامٍ عن مَعمَرٍ مَوصولًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٦٩٥ - ورَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ فأَرسَلَه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّ امرأةَ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيس اختَلَعَت مِنه، فجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عِدَّتَها حَيضَةً (^٣).\nورُوىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ ضَعيفَينِ لا يَجوزُ الاحتِجاجُ بمِثلِهِما.\n\n١٥٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n= ١٨٦٥٤، ١٨٦٥٦، ١٨٦٥٧).\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٢٩)، والترمذى (١١٨٥ م) من طريق على بن بحر به، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٥٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٦ من طريق إسماعيل بن يزيد به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٦، وعبد الرزاق (١١٨٥٨)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"15","page":607},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن الرُّبَيَعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذٍ أنَّها اختَلَعَت على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَها النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- أو أُمِرَت أن تَعتَدَّ بحَيضَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٦٩٧ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُلَيلٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن الرُّبَيَعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذِ بنِ عَفراءَ أنَّها اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها فأُمِرَت أن تَعتَدَّ بحَيضَةٍ (^٢). هَذا أصَحُّ، ولَيسَ فيه مَن أمَرَها، ولا على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-.\nوقَد رُوّينا في كِتابِ الخُلعِ أنَّها اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها زَمَنَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n١٥٦٩٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِع، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه، أن رُبَيِّعَ بنتَ مُعَوِّذِ بنِ عَفراءَ اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها على عَهدِ عثمانَ فذَهَبَ عَمُّها مُعاذُ بنُ عَفراءَ إلَى عثمانَ فقالَ: إنَّ ابنَةَ مُعَوِّذٍ قَدِ اختَلَعَت مِن زَوجِها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١١٨٥)، وابن الجارود (٧٦٣) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذى (٩٤٥).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنيّ في العلل ١٥/ ٤٢٠، ٤٢١ عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٤٩٧٠).","vol":"15","page":608},{"text":"اليَومَ، أفَتَنتَقِلُ؟ قال (^١): فقالَ عثمانُ: تَنتَقِلُ ولَيسَ عَلَيها عِدَّةٌ، إنَّها لا تَنكِحُ حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً واحِدَةً. قالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: عثمانُ أكبَرُنا وأَعلَمُنا (^٢).\nفهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ تُصرِّحُ بأَنَّ عثمانَ هو الَّذِى أمَرَها بذَلِكَ، وظاهِرُ الكِتابِ في عِدَّةِ المُطَلَّقاتِ يَتَناوَلُ المُختَلِعَةَ وغَيرَها، فهو أولَي، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3369>بابُ عِدَّةِ المُعتَقَةِ تَحت عبدٍ إذا اختارَت فِراقَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ ابنُ سعيدِ بنِ صخرٍ الدّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ (^٣) بنُ هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ فأَعتَقَتها واشتَرَطَتِ الوَلاءَ، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ، وخَيَّرَها فاختارَت نَفسَها، ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما وجَعَلَ عَلَيها عِدَّةَ الحُرَّةِ (^٤). قال أبو بكرٍ: جَوَّدَ حَبَّانُ (٣) في قَولِه: عِدَّةَ الحُرَّةِ. لأنَّ عَفَّانَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ وعَمرَو بنَ عاصِمٍ رَوَياه فقالا: وأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ. ولَم\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٦٦٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر مختصرًا. والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٢٢٨، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ١٥٣ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"حيان\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٤٠٥) من طريق همام به.","vol":"15","page":609},{"text":"يَذكُرا عِدَّةَ الحُرَّةِ (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وكَذَلِكَ قالَه هُدبَةُ عن هَمّام: فأَمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ عِدَّةَ حُرَّةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ حَمَّادٍ الدَّبَّاغُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ جامِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ، عن حَجَّاجٍ الباهِلِيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ بَريرَةَ قال: وحَدَّثَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- حَدَّثَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَعَلَ عَلَيها عِدَّةَ الحُرَّةِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَكارٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَعَلَ عِدَّةَ بَريرَةَ عِدَّةَ المُطَلَّقَةِ حينَ فارَقَت زَوجَها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٨/ ٢٥٧ عن عفان وعمرو بن عاصم به. وتقدم في (١٤٣٨٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٨٢٦) من طريق هدبة به بدون ذكر: عدة الحرة.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في العلل ٤/ ١٢٩ - ١٣١، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٧٣، ٢٢٧٤، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٨٨١) من طريق محمد بن جامع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٢/ ١٠٠ من طريق أبى العباس به. وأبو يعلى (٤٩٢١) -ومن طريقه المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٩٧) - والطبرانى في الأوسط (٢٣٦٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٤ من طريق محمد بن بكار به.","vol":"15","page":610},{"text":"ورَواه أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ عن أبى مَعشَرٍ وقالَ: أمَرَها (^١) أن تَعتَدَّ عِدَّةَ الحُرَّةِ (^٢).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الخامسَ عشرَ\nويتلوه الجزءُ السادسَ عشرَ\nوأولُه: كتابُ الرضاعِ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"رسول الله -ﷺ-\".\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٧٤٩) عن أبى عامر العقدى به.","vol":"15","page":611},{"text":"بسم الله الرَّحمن الرَّحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3370>كِتابُ الرَّضاعِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3371>بابٌ: يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الولادَةِ، وإنَّ لَبَنَ الفَحلِ يُحَرِّمُ</span>\n\n١٥٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبْغِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ ابنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ السُّرَىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَتها أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان عِندَها، وأنَّها سَمِعَت صَوتَ رَجُلٍ يَستأذِنُ في بَيتِ حَفصَةَ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَذا رَجُلٌ يَستأذِنُ في بَيتِكَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُراه فُلانًا\". لِعَمِّ حَفصةَ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَو كان فُلانٌ حَيًّا -لِعَمِّها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ- دخَل عَلَيَّ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم، إنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ تُحَرِّمُ ما تُحَرِّمُ الولادَةُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ، رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٩٩)، والصغرى (٢٨٦٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠١. وأخرجه المروزى في السنة (٢٨٥) عن يحيى بن يحيى به. وتقدم في (١٤٠١٧).","vol":"16","page":5},{"text":"أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٥٧٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ هاشِمِ (^٢) بنِ البَريدِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ، ١ عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الولادَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى مَعمَرٍ الهُذَلِى عن عليِّ ابنِ هاشِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ (^٥)، أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قال: حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن (^٦) عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: استأذَنَ علىَّ أفلَحُ أخو أبى القُعَيسِ بَعدَما أُنزِلَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٤٦، ٣١٠٥، ٥٠٩٩)، ومسلم (١٤٤٤/ ١).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"هشام\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ١٦٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٣٧٤)، وأبو عوانة (٤٣٧٢)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٣٧٥) من طريق على ابن هاشم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢/ ١٤٤٤).\n(^٥) بعده في ص ٨: \"قال و\".\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"حَدَّثَنِي\".","vol":"16","page":6},{"text":"الحِجابُ، فقُلتُ له: لا آذَنُ لَكَ حَتَّى أستأذِنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فإِنَّ أخا أبى القُعَيسِ لَيسَ هو أرضَعَنِي، ولَكِن أرضَعَتنِى امرأةُ أبى القُعَيسِ. قالَت: فدَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أفلَحَ أخا أبى القُعَيسِ استأذَنَ علىَّ فأَبَيتُ أن آذَنَ له حَتَّى أستأذِنَكَ في ذَلِكَ. فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وما يَمنَعُكِ أن تأذَنِى لِعَمِّكِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيسَ هو أرضَعَنِي ولَكِن أرضعَتنِى امرأتُه. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ائذَنِى له؛ فإنَّه عَمُّكِ تَرِبَت يَمينُكِ\". قال عُروةُ: فبِذَلِكَ كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تَقولُ: حَرِّموا مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما تُحَرمونَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ عُقَيلٍ: بَعدَما نَزَلَ الحِجابُ، فقُلتُ: واللَّهِ لا آذَنُ له حَتَّى أستأذِنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. والباقِى نَحوُه (^١)، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وعن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ بهَذا الحديثِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣٨١)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ٥٩، ٦٠ من طريق الليث به. والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٨٤) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٩٦) عن أبى اليمان، وفى (٦١٥٦) عن يحيى بن بكير.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٣٨٥) عن بحر بن نصر به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٣٧٨) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٤٥/ ٥).","vol":"16","page":7},{"text":"١٥٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمد محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ عن أبيه قال: أخبَرَتنِى عائشَةُ -﵂- أنَّ عَمَّها أخا أبى القُعَيسِ جاءَ يَستأذِنُ عَلَيها بَعدَما ضُرِبَ الحِجابُ، فأَبَت أن تأذَنَ له حَتَّى يأتِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فتَستأذِنَه، فلَمّا جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له فقالَت: جاءَ عَمِّى أخو أبى القُعَيسِ فرَدَدتُه حَتَّى أستأذِنَكَ فقالَ: \"أوَ لَيسَ بعَمِّكِ؟ \". قالَت: إنَّما أرضَعَتنِى المَرأَةُ ولَم يُرضِعْنِى الرَّجُلُ. قال: \"إِنَّهُ عَمُّكِ فليَلِجْ عَلَيكِ\". وكانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تُحَرمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ما تُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الولادَةِ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ، عن عِراكِ ابنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَتِ: استأذَنَ علىَّ أفلَحُ أخو أبى القُعَيسِ فلَم آذَنْ له، فقالَ: أتَحتَجِبينَ مِنَى وأَنا عَمُّكِ؟ قالَت: فقلتُ: وكَيفَ ذلكَ؟ قال: أرضَعَتْكِ امرأةُ أخِى بلَبَنِ أخِى. قالَت: فسألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"صَدَقَ أفلَحُ، فأْذَنِى له\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٢٠)، وأبو داود (٢٠٥٧)، والترمذى (١١٤٨)، والنسائي (٣٣١٧)، وابن ماجه (١٩٤٩)، وابن حبان (٤٢١٩، ٤٢٢٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٣٩)، ومسلم (١٤٤٥/ ٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٩٣٧) من طريق الحكم به. والنسائي (٣٣١٨) من طريق عراك به.","vol":"16","page":8},{"text":"عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ (ح) [قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ] (^٢)، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أخبَرَته أنَّ عَمَّها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ -يُسَمَّى أفلَحَ- استأذَنَ عَلَيها فحَجَبَته، فأَخبَرَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لَها: \"لا تَحتَجِبِى؛ فإِنَّه يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَنبَرٍ، أخبرَنا هُدبَة بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أُريدَ على ابنَةِ حَمزَةَ فقالَ: \"إنَّها لا تَحِلُّ لِى؛ إنَّها ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، وإنَّ اللهَ حَرمَ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما حَرَّمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ هُدبَةَ: \"إنَّها\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٤٤)، ومسلم (١٤٤٥٣/ ١٠).\n(^٢) سقط من: س، ص ٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٠١) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٤٥/ ٩).","vol":"16","page":9},{"text":"لا تَصلُحُ لِى؛ إنَّها ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، ويَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّحِمِ (^١) \" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما لِى أراكَ تَتَوَّقُ (^٤) في قُرَيشٍ وتَدَعُنا؟ قال: \"عِندَكَ شَئٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم، ابنَةُ حَمزَةَ. قال: \"إنَّها ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقدَّمِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"النسب\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٤٣) من طريق همام به. والنسائي (٣٣٠٦)، وابن ماجة (١٩٣٨) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٤٥)، ومسلم (١٤٤٧/ ١٢).\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وطبقات ابن سعد، والمعجم الكبير للطبراني، ومستخرج أبى نعيم. وفى مسند أحمد وأبى عوانة: \"تَنوَّق\". وتتوق: تميل وتشتهى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٤٤. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٥٦٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد ٣/ ١١، ٨/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩، وأحمد (١٣٥٨)، وأبو عوانة (٤٣٩٣) من طريق محمد ابن عبيد به. والطبرانى (٢٩٢١)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٣٨٧) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم في (١٣٥٦٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٤٦/ ...).","vol":"16","page":10},{"text":"١٥٧١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مُسلِمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ مُسلِمٍ الزُّهرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ حُمَيدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- تَقولُ: قيلَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أينَ أنتَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ عن ابنَةِ حَمزَةَ؟ أو قيلَ: لا تَخطُبُ ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ؟ قال: \"إنّ حَمزَةَ أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلىِّ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهب (^٢).\n\n١٥٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى (^٣) سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَل لَكَ في دُرَّةَ بنتِ أبى سُفيانَ؟ قال: \"فأَفعَلُ ماذا؟ \". قالَت: قُلتُ: تَنكِحُها. قال: \"أوَتُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لَستُ لَكَ بمُخْلِيَةٍ، وأَحَبُّ مَن يَشرَكُنِى فِيكَ (^٤) أُختِى. قالَ: \"فإِنَّها لا تَحِلُّ\". قُلتُ: فإِنَّه قَد بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ تَخطُبُ زَينَبَ بنتَ أبى سَلَمَةَ. فقالَ: \"ابنَةَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فواللَّهِ لَو لَم تَكُنْ رَبيبَتِى في حَجرِى ما حَلَّتْ لي، لَقَد أرضَعَتنِى وأَباها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المروزى في السنة (٢٩٧)، وأبو عوانة (٤٣٩٨)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٣٩٠) من طريق بحر بن نصر به. وابن سعد ١/ ١٠٩، والطبرانى (٢٩٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٤٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"أم\". وضبب عليها، وفى الحاشية كالمثبت.\n(^٤) في م: \"في خير\".","vol":"16","page":11},{"text":"ثُوَيبَةُ، فلا تَعرِضْنَ عليَّ بَناتِكُنَّ ولا أخَواتِكُنَّ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيَّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ، وقالوا فيه عن هِشامٍ: دُرَّةَ (^٢) بنتِ أبى سلمةَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه الزُّهرِىُّ عن عُروةَ، وقالت (^٤): انكِحْ أُختِى عَزَّةَ (^٥). وقالَ بَعضُهُم عن الزُّهرِيِّ: \"أرضَعَتنِى وأَبا سلمةَ ثُوَيبَةُ\" (^٦).\n\n١٥٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، [أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ] (^٧)، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بنُ أيُّوبَ الغافِقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّى إياسُ بنُ عامِرٍ قال: قال [لى عليٌّ] (^٨): لا تَنكِحْ مَن أرضَعَته امرأةُ أبيكَ، ولا امرأةُ ابنِكَ، ولا امرأةُ أخيكَ (^٩).\n\n١٥٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٣٠٧). وتقدم في (١٣٥٦٧).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"ذرة\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٥١٠٦)، ومسلم (١٤٤٩/ ١٥).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وقال\".\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٤٤٩/ ١٦)، وابن ماجة (١٩٣٩) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٤٠٣٨، ١٤٠٣٩).\n(^٧) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٨) سقط من: س، ص ٨، م، ولم ترد في المهذب ٦/ ٣٠٥٨، والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وهو كذلك في مصدرى التخريج.\n(^٩) سعيد بن منصور (٩٦٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٠٨) عن ابن المبارك به.","vol":"16","page":12},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ وأبو الوَليدِ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ -﵄- سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ كانَت له امرأتانِ فأَرضَعَت إحداهُما غُلامًا، وأَرضَعَتِ الأُخرَى جاريَةً، فقيلَ: أيَتَزَوَّجُ الغُلامُ الجاريَةَ؟ فقالَ: لا، اللِّقاحُ واحِدٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلَّي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، أخبرَنِى أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: يَحرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ما يَحرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا هَذا المَذهَبَ مِنَ التّابِعينَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ أبى الشَّعثاءِ وعَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ والزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3372>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُحَرِّمُ (^٤) إلَّا خَمسُ رَضَعاتٍ</span>\n\n١٥٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٦٩)، والمعرفة (٤٧٠٤)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩٩، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٤، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٧/ ١٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٦٠٢، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١١٤٩)، وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذى (٩١٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢١١) من طريق محمد بن سيرين به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٥/ ٢٤، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٣٣ - ١٣٩٣٦)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٩٥٤)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٥٢٠، ١٧٥٢٣، ١٧٥٢٥، ١٧٥٢٦، ١٧٥٢٨).\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"من الرضاع\".","vol":"16","page":13},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعْقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزَّازُ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ الأزرَقيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ حَجّاجٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كان فيما أُنْزِل (^١) مِنَ القُرآنِ: (عَشرُ رَضَعاتٍ مَعلوماتٍ يُحَرِّمنَ). ثُمَّ نُسِخنَ بخَمسٍ مَعلوماتٍ، فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهِىَ فيما يُقرأُ مِنَ القُرآنِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ يوسُفَ: بخَمسٍ مَعلوماتٍ يُحَرِّمنَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٥٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أنزل الله\". وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٠/ ٢٩.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧١٥)، وفى الصغرى (٢٨٧١)، وفوائد الفاكهى ص ١٥٦، ١٥٧ (٣٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٦، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٠٦٢)، والترمذى (١١٥٠)، والنسائى (٣٣٠٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢٢١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٥٢/ ٢٤).","vol":"16","page":14},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أُنزِلَ في القُرآنِ: عَشرُ رَضَعاتٍ مَعلوماتٍ. ثُمَّ تُرِكنَ بَعدُ بخَمسٍ، أو بخَمسٍ مَعلوماتٍ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٥٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت تَقولُ: نَزَلَ [القُرآنُ بعَشْرِ] (^٣) رَضَعاتٍ مَعلوماتٍ يُحَرِّمنَ ثُمَّ صُيِّرنَ إلَى خَمسٍ يُحَرِّمنَ. وكانَ لا يَدخُلُ على عائشةَ إلَّا مَنِ استَكمَلَ خَمسَ رَضَعاتٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ المصَّةُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ ولا المصَّتانِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٤٢٢) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. والطحاوى س شرح المشكل (٤٥٦٧، ٤٥٦٨)، وابن الجارود (٦٨٨)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨١ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٥٣/ ...).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"في القرآن عشر\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧١٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٦، ٢٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩١٣) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١١٠)، والنسائي (٣٣٠٩) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح =","vol":"16","page":15},{"text":"١٥٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ. فذَكَرَه. قال الرَّبيعُ: فقُلتُ لِلشَّافِعِيِّ: أسَمِعَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، وحَفِظَ عنه، وكانَ يَومَ توُفِّىَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ابنَ تِسعِ سِنينَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀، إلَّا أنَّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- إنَّما أخَذَ هَذا الحديثَ عن عائشةَ -﵁- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n١٥٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ المصَّةُ والمصَّانِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٤).\n_________\n= النسائى (٣١٠٢).\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧١٨)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧١٩). وفيه: أبى الزبير. بدل: ابن الزبير.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨١٢)، وأبو داود (٢٠٦٣)، والنسائي (٣٣١٠)، وابن ماجة (١٩٤١) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. والترمذى (١١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٢٨) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥٠).","vol":"16","page":16},{"text":"١٥٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنِ داودَ الهاشِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وأَيّوبُ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؛ قال أحَدُهُما: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ المَصَّةُ ولا المَصَّتانِ\". وقالَ الآخَرُ: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ الإملاجَةُ والإِملاجَتانِ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن أبى الخَليلِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في بَيتِى فجاءَه أعرابِيٌّ فقالَ: كانَت عِندِى امرأةٌ فتَزَوَّجتُ عَلَيها امرأةً أُخرَي، فزَعَمَتِ امرأتِى الأولَى أنَّها أرضَعَتِ امرأتِى الحُدثَى رَضعَةً أو رَضعَتَينِ، أو إملاجَةً أو إملاجَتَينِ. فقالَ: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ الإملاجَةُ والإِملاجَتانِ\". أو قال: \"الرَّضعَةُ والرَّضعَتانِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ١٧١، ١٧٢ من طريق الدورى به. والمصنف في الصغرى (٢٨٧٢) من طريق سليمان بن داود به. وإسحاق (٥٤٦)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٣٩٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وعند الدارقطنيّ والمصنف حديث عائشة وحده.\nوالإملاجة والإملاجتان: المصة والمصتان. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٧٣) عن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. والنسائي (٣٣٠٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٢٩) من طريق أيوب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (٣١٠١).","vol":"16","page":17},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، عن أيّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى الخَليلِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ قالَت: دَخَلَ أعرابِيٌّ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وهو في بَيتِى فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، إنِّى كانَت لِىَ امرأةٌ فتَزَوَّجتُ عَلَيها أُخرَي، فزَعَمَتِ امرأتِى الأُولَى أنَّها أرضَعَتِ امرأتِى الحُدثَى رَضعَةً أو رَضعَتَينِ. فَقالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُحَرَّمُ الإملاجَةُ والإِملاجَتانِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو البَختَرِيِّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى الخَليلِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ -﵁- حَدَّثَت أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ المَصَّةُ أو المَصَّتانِ، أو الرَّضعَةُ أو الرَّضعَتانِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ وحَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سلمةَ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إسحاق (٢١٥٢)، وأبو عوانة (٤٤١٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٥٦٥)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٠ من طريق المعتمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٥١/ ١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٠٨)، وابن ماجة (١٩٤٠) من طريق سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٧٩) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥١/ ٢٠ - ٢٢).","vol":"16","page":18},{"text":"عن أبى الخَليلِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أحْبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن صالِحٍ أبى الخَليلِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ الحارِثِ، عن أُمِّ الفَضلِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى عامِرِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ قال: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، هَل تُحَرِّمُ الرَّضعَةُ الواحِدَةُ؟ قال: \"لا\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ هِشامٍ، وقالَ في رِوايَةِ هَمّامٍ: أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عن المَصَّةِ الواحِدَةِ هَل تُحَرِّمُ؟ قال: \"لا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّي، وأَخرَجَه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هَمّامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ امرأةَ أبى حُذَيفَةَ أن تُرضِعَ سالمًا بخَمسِ رَضعاتٍ يَحرُمُ بلَبَنِها ففَعَلَت، وكانَت تَراه ابنًا (^٣).\nوهَذِه القِصَّةُ رَواها يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- (^٤). ورَواها شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ وعُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٨٦) من طريق همام به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٤٥٥) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٥١/ ١٩، ٢٣).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٢٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٧، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٥ مطولا.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٦١) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٨١٥).","vol":"16","page":19},{"text":"عُروةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^١).\n\n١٥٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبر اهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لا يُحَرمُ دونَ خَمسِ رَضعاتٍ مَعلوماتٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ العَطارُ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ ابنُ الأخرَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَصِ، حَدَّثَنَا أشعَثُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ عَليَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعِندِى رَجُلٌ قاعِدٌ، فاشتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه ورأيتُ الغَضَبَ في وجهِه، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ. فقال: \"انظُرنَ إخوانَكُنَّ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، فإنَّما الرَّضاعَةُ مِنَ المَجاعَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِيِّ عن أبى الأحوَصِ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ وشُعبَةَ عن أشعَثَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٥٧٤٤، ١٥٧٤٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٣، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٩١٢) وليس عنده: عن عروة.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣١٢) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وسيأتى في (١٥٧٤٧، ١٥٧٤٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥٥/ ٣٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٤٧، ٥١٠٢)، ومسلم (١٤٥٥/ عقب ٣٢).","vol":"16","page":20},{"text":"١٥٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجَّاجِ أظنّه عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: لا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ إلَّا ما فتَقَ الأمعاءَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الزُّهرِيُّ عن عُروةَ عن الحَجّاجِ الأسلَمِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَوقوفًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ ابنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ (ح) قال عليٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الكَرخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: كان عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن الحَجّاجِ ابنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُحرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ المصَّةُ ولا المصَّتانِ، ولا يُحَرِّمُ إلَّا ما فتَقَ الأمعاءَ\". وقالَ عثمانُ (^٣): \"إلّا ما فتَقَ الأمَعاءَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٢٣، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٧. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٨) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٩١٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٢٥) من طريق هشام به.\nوفتق الأمعاء: شق أمعاء الصبى كالطعام ووقع منه موقع الغذاء. تحفة الأحوذى ٣/ ٢٣١.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٧٢ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"لا يحرم\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٢٤)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٥٤٦١) من =","vol":"16","page":21},{"text":"ورَواه الزُّهرِيُّ وهِشامٌ عن عُروةَ مَوقوفًا على أبى هريرةَ ببَعضِ مَعناه (^١).\n\n١٥٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ (^٢)، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَروانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُحَرِّمُ الفِيقَةُ (^٣) \". قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ وما الفِيقَةُ (^٣)؟ قال: \"المَرأَةُ تَلِدُ فيَحصَرُ اللَّبَنُ في ثَديِها فتُرضِعُ لَها جارَتُها المرَّةَ والمرَّتَينِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّنْعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يحيى (^٥) بنُ أيّوبَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الصَّباحِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ قالا: قَرأنا على محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المأرِبىِّ (^٦)، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ قال: سُئلَ سالِمٌ عن الرَّضعَةِ\n_________\n= طريق جرير به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٢٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) النيسابورى المعروف بشاه، الموصلى. قال عبد الغافر: مشهور، ثقة، من بيت الحديث والصلاح والتزكية. توفى سنة (٤٥٠ هـ). المنتخب من السياق (٥٩)، تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٦٠) ص ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) في س: \"العقبة\"، وفى ص ٨: \"الغبقة\". وينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٨٦، وفتح البارى ٩/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٠/ ٤٠٤ (٩٦٥)، وفى الأوسط (٤٥٥٧) من طريق هشام بن عمار به.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨، م: \"المازنى\".","vol":"16","page":22},{"text":"تُحَرِّمُ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ أنَّ الرَّضعَةَ والرَّضعَتَينِ والثَّلاثَ لا تُحَرِّمُ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أرسَلَت به وهو يَرضَعُ إلَى أُختِها أُمِّ كُلثومٍ فأَرضَعَته ثَلاثَ رَضَعاتٍ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَت فلَم تُرضِعْه غَيرَ ثَلاثِ رَضَعاتٍ، فلَم أكُنْ أدخُلُ على عائشةَ -﵂- مِن أجلِ أنَّ أُمَّ كُلثومٍ لَم تُكمِلْ لِى عَشْرَ رَضَعاتٍ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أمَرَت به عائشَةُ -﵂- يَرضَعُ عَشرًا؛ لأنَّها أكثَرُ الرَّضاعِ ولَم يَتِمَّ له خمسٌ، فلَم يَدخُلْ عَلَيها، ولَعَلَّ سالمًا أن يَكونَ ذَهَبَ عَلَيه قَولُ عائشةَ -﵂- في العَشرِ الرَّضَعاتِ: فنُسِخنَ بخَمسٍ مَعلوماتٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ أنَّها أخبَرَته، أنَّ حَفصَةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- أرسَلَت بعاصِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَعدٍ إلَى أُختِها فاطِمَةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ تُرضِعُه عَشرَ رَضَعاتٍ ليَدخُلَ عَلَيها وهو صَغيرٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧١٩٠) من طريق حنظلة به، دون قوله: \"والثلاث\". والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٢٥) عن سالم به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٦١: المأربى ذو مناكير.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٢٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٧، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٢٨) من طريق نافع به. وابن سعد ٨/ ٢٧١ من طريق سالم به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٢٥)، والأم ٥/ ٢٧.","vol":"16","page":23},{"text":"يَرضَعُ ففَعَلَت، فكانَ يَدخُلُ عَلَيها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3373>بابُ مَن قال: يُحَرِّمُ قَليلُ الرَّضاعِ وكَثيرُهُ</span>\n\n١٥٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: كَتَبنا إلَى إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ -قال سعيدٌ: شَكَكنا هو النَّخَعِيُّ أو التَّيمِيُّ. قال مَطَرٌ (^٢): هو النَّخَعِيُّ- في الرَّضاعِ، وكَتَبَ إلَينا أنَّ شُرَيحًا حَدَّثَ أنَّ عَليًّا وابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵄- قالا: يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ قَليلُه وكَثيرُه. قالَ: وكانَ في كِتابِه أنَّ أبا الشَّعثاءِ المُحارِبيَّ حَدَّثَ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لا تُحَرِّمُ الخَطفَةُ و(^٣) الخَطفَتانِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁- عن شَى مِن أمرِ الرَّضاعِ فقالَ: لا أعلَمُ إلَّا أنَّ اللهَ قَد حَرَّمَ الأُختَ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ. فقُلتُ: إنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: لا تُحَرِّمُ الرَّضعَةُ ولا الرَّضعَتانِ، ولا المصَّةُ ولا المصَّتانِ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٢٦)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٢٤، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٣.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"مطرف\"، وكت فوتها: \"ص\"، وفى الحاشية: \"مطر\". وكتب \"ص، ح\". وكتب بجوارها: \"صح\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ولا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣١١) من طريق سعيد به. وعنده إبراهيم النخعى بلا شك، وليس فيه ذكر (مطر)، وعنده قول عائشة مرفوع. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائى (٣١٠٤).","vol":"16","page":24},{"text":"ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁-: قَضاءُ اللَّهِ خَيرٌ مِن قَضائِكَ وقَضاءِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ مَعَكَ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا قال لابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-: إنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- يقولُ: لا تُحَرِّمُ الرَّضعَةُ والرَّضعَتانِ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵁-: كِتابُ اللَّهِ ﷿ أصدَقُ مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ﴾. قرأَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ﴾ (^٢) [النساء: ٢٣].\n\n١٥٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضرِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الزُّبَيرِ قال: أرسَلَنِى عَطاءٌ ورَجُلًا مَعِى إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- فسألناه عن المَرأَةِ تُرضِعُ الصَّبِيَّ في المَهدِ أو الجاريَةَ رَضعَةً واحِدَةً. قال: هِىَ عَلَيه حَرامٌ. قال: قُلتُ: فإِنَّ عائشةَ وابنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَزعُمانِ أنَّه لا يُحَرِّمُها (^٣) رَضعَتانِ ولا ثَلاثٌ. قال: كِتابُ اللهِ أصدَقُ مِن قَولِهِما. وقَرأ آيَةً [في الرضاعِ] (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٩٨٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٢٠) -ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٣ - عن سفيان به. والمروزى في السنة (٣١٠) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١١/ ١٩٣ من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"يحرمهما\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الرضاعة\".","vol":"16","page":25},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن يونُسَ ابنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِيِّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: قَليلُ الرضاعةِ وكثيرُها يُحَرِّمُ في المَهدِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: يقولُ: لا رَضاعَ بَعدَ حَولَينِ كامِلَينِ (^١). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٥٧٤٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عُقبَةَ أنَّه سألَ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن المَصَّةِ والمَصَّتَينِ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- لا تُحَرِّمُ المَصَّةَ ولا المَصَّتَينِ ولا تُحَرِّمُ إلَّا عَشرًا فصاعِدًا. قال: فأَتَيتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ فسألتُه عن الرَّضعَةِ والرَّضعَتَينِ فقالَ: أما إنِّى لا أقولُ فيها كما قال ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ وابنُ عباسٍ -﵃-. قال: قُلتُ: كَيفَ كانا يَقولانِ؟ قال: كانا يَقولانِ: لا تُحَرِّمُ المَصَّةُ ولا المَصَّتانِ، ولا تُحَرِّمُ دونَ عَشرِ رَضَعاتٍ فصاعِدًا (^٢).\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه المروزى في السنة (٣٠٩)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٦٢٦) من طريق أبى خيثمة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٩١١) -ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨٣ - من طريق عطاء به.\n(^١) أخرج الشطر الأخير منه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٢٩٤ من طريق يونس بن يزيد به. وسيأتى في (١٥٧٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٢١) من طريق إبراهيم بن عقبة به. وفيه: لا يحرم دون سبع رضعات أو خمس.","vol":"16","page":26},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ (^١)، ورِوايَةُ الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ أصَحُّ في مَذهَبِ عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢)، ورِوايَةُ غيرِه (^٣) عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مَذهَبِه أصَحُّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3374>بابُ رَضاعِ الكَبيرِ</span>\n\n١٥٧٤٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جاءَت سَهلَةُ بنتُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنِّى أرَى في وجهِ أبى حُذَيفَةَ مِن دُخولِ سالِمٍ عَلَيَّ. قال. \"أرضِعيه\". قالَت: وهو رَجُلٌ كَبيرٌ؟! فضَحِكَ وقالَ: \"ألَستُ أعلَمُ أنَّه رَجُلٌ كَبيرٌ؟ \". قالَت: فأَتَته بَعدُ وقالَت: ما رأيتُ في وجهِ أبى حُذَيفَةَ بَعدُ شَيئًا أكرَهُه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو الناقِدِ وابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٥٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٦٨) عن عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٧٢٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عروة\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٧٤١).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٠٨)، والنسائى (٣٣٢٠)، وابن ماجه (١٩٤٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٥٣/ ٢٦).","vol":"16","page":27},{"text":"الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ وهو أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى عُروةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ أبا حُذَيفَةَ ابنَ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ -﵁-، وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، تبَنَّى سالمًا وأَنكَحَه ابنَةَ أخيه هِندَ بنتَ الوَليدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، وهو مَولًى لامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ كما تبَنَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- زَيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ، وكَانَ مَن تَبَنَّى رَجُلًا في الجاهِليَّةِ دَعاه النَّاسُ إليه (^١)، ووَرِثَ مِن ميراثِه، حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللهُ في ذَلِكَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]. فرُدُّوا إلَى آبائهِم، فمَن لَم يُعلَمْ [له أبٌ] (^٢) كان مَولًى وأَخًا في الدِّينِ، فجاءَت سَهلَةُ بنتُ سُهَيلِ ابنِ عمرٍو القُرَشِىِّ ثُمَّ العامِرِيِّ وهِىَ امرأةُ أبى حُذَيفَةَ -﵄-، فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا كُنَّا نَرَى سالمًا ولَدًا، وكانَ يأوى مَعِى ومَعَ أبى حُذَيفَةَ في بَيتٍ واحِدٍ ويَرانِى فُضُلًا (^٣)، وقَد أنزَلَ اللهُ فيهِم ما عَلِمتَ، فكَيفَ تَرَى فيه يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أرضِعِيه\". فأَرضَعَته خَمسَ رَضَعاتٍ، فكانَ بمَنزِلَةِ ولَدِها مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، فبِذَلِكَ كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تأمُرُ بَناتِ أخيها\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، م: \"ابنه\". وفي حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"أنَّه\"، وفى م: \"أبوه\".\n(^٣) يرانى فضلا: أى متبذلة في ثياب مهنتي، يقال: تفضلت المرأة. إذا تبذلت في ثياب مهنتها. معالم السنن ٣/ ١٨٧.","vol":"16","page":28},{"text":"أن يُرضِعنَ مَن أحَبَّت عائشَةُ أن يَراها ويَدخُلَ عَلَيها خَمسَ رَضَعاتٍ فيَدخُلَ عَلَيها، وأَبَت أُمُّ سلمةَ وسائرُ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أن يُدخِلنَ عَلَيهِنَّ النّاسَ بتِلكَ الرَّضاعَةِ حَتَّى يُرضَعنَ في المَهدِ، وقُلنَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: واللَّهِ ما نَرَى (^١)، لَعَلَّها رُخصَةٌ لِسالِمٍ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دونَ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى عُروةُ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فبِذَلِكَ كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تأمُرُ بَناتِ إخوَتِهِا وبَناتِ أخَواتِها. وقالَ: وأَبَت أُمُّ سلمةَ وسائرُ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أن يُدخِلنَ عَلَيهِنَّ بتِلكَ الرَّضاعَةِ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ (^٣). والباقِى مِثلُه. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وعن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَمعَةَ، أنَّ أُمَّه زَينَبَ بنتَ أبى سلمةَ أخبَرَته أنَّ أُمَّها أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- كانَت تَقولُ: أبَى سائرُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، والمهذب ٦/ ٣٠٦٣: \"ندرى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق الليث به مقتصرًا على ذكر قصة التبنى فقط.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٦٥٨، ١٣٨٩٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٠٠، ٥٠٨٨).","vol":"16","page":29},{"text":"أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أن يُدخِلنَ عَلَيهِنَّ (^١) أحَدًا بتِلكَ الرَّضاعَةِ، وقُلنَ لِعائشَةَ: واللَّهِ ما نَرَى هذا إلَّا رُخصَةً أرخَصها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِسالِمٍ خاصَّةً، فما هو بداخِلٍ عَلَينا أحَدٌ بهَذِه الرَّضاعَةِ ولا رائِينا (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِذا كان هَذا لِسالِمٍ خاصَّةً فالخاصُّ لا يَكونُ إلَّا مُخْرَجًا مِن حُكمِ العامِّ، ولا يَجوزُ إلَّا أن يَكونَ رَضاعُ الكَبيرِ لا يُحَرِّمُ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ التَّمَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الأشعَثِ ابنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن أبيه، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعِندِى رَجُلٌ فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ مَن هَذا؟ \". فقُلتُ (^٥): أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ. فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ، انظُرنَ ما (^٦) إخوانُكُنُّ (^٧)؛ فإِنَّما الرَّضاعَةُ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٣٢٥) عن عبد الملك بن شعيب به. وأحمد (٢٦٦٦٠) من طريق الليث به. وابن ماجه (١٩٤٧) من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٥٤).\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٢٨.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"فقالت\".\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل، وصحيح البخاري: \"من\".\n(^٧) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".","vol":"16","page":30},{"text":"المَجاعَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ وبِشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ ووَهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ قالوا: أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ مَسروقًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: دَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعِندِى رَجُلٌ، فرأيتُ الكَراهيَةَ في وجهِه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّه أخِى مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"انظُروا مَن تُراضِعونَ؛ فإِنَّما الرَّضاعَةُ مِنَ المَجاعَةِ\". وقالَ بِشر في حَديثِه: \"انظُروا ما إخوانُكُم؟ \" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بنُ أسلَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو موسَي، عن أبيه، عن ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان مَعَه امرأتُه وهو في سَفَرٍ فوَلَدَت، فجَعَلَ الصَّبِيُّ لا يَمَصُّ، فأَخَذَ زَوجُها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٥٨) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٧٣)، وابن ماجة (١٩٤٥) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٥٧٣٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٤٧)، ومسلم (١٤٥٥/ ...).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٥١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٠٥٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥١٠٢)، ومسلم (١٤٥٥/ ...).","vol":"16","page":31},{"text":"يَمَصُّ لَبَنَها ويَمُجُّه حَتَّى وجَدَ طَعمَ لَبَنِها في حَلقِه، فأَتَى أبا موسَى فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ امرأتُكَ. فأَتَى ابنُ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: أنتَ الَّذِى تُفتِى هَذا بكَذا وكَذا وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا رَضاعَ إلَّا ما شَدَّ العَظمَ وأَنبَتَ اللَّحمَ\"؟! (^١).\n\n١٥٧٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ مُطَفَرٍ أنَّ سُلَيمانَ بنَ المُغيرَةِ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبى موسَي، عن أبيه، عن ابنٍ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لا رَضاعَ إلَّا ما شَدَّ العَظمَ وأَنبَتَ اللَّحمَ. فقالَ أبو موسَى: لا تَسأَلونا وهَذا الحَبرُ فيكُم (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٥١ - قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن أبى موسَى الهِلاليِّ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه، وقالَ: \"أنشَزَ العَظمَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَصينٍ، عن أبى عَطيَّةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى أبى موسَى فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِى ورِمَ ثَديُها فمَصِصْتُه فدَخَلَ حَلقى شَئٌ سَبَقَنِى.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٤١١٤) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٠٥٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٨١٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٠٦٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٤٤٤).","vol":"16","page":32},{"text":"فشَدَّدَ عَلَيه أبو موسَي، فأَتَى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: سألتَ أحَدًا غَيرِى؟ قال: نَعَم، أبا موسَى فشَدَّدَ عليَّ. فأَتَى أبا موسَى فقالَ: أرَضيعٌ هَذا؟ فقالَ أبو موسَى: لا تَسأَلونِى ما دامَ هَذا الحَبرُ بَينَ أظهُرِكُم (^١).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى حَصينٍ وزادَ فيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ: إنَّما الرَّضاعُ ما أنَبتَ اللَّحمَ والدَّمَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن جُوَيْبِرٍ (^٣)، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ سَبرَةَ ومَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: لا رَضاعَ بَعدَ فِصالٍ (^٤). هَذا مَوقوفٌ، وقَد رُوىَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٥٧٥٤ - أجبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن جُوَيْبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن النَّزّالِ بنِ سَبرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا طَلاقَ إلَّا بَعدَ نِكاح، ولا عِتقَ قَبلَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٨٥٠٠) من طريق أبى حصين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٨٩٥) -ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٨٤٩٩) - عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"جبير\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١١٤٥١) من طريق جويبر دون ذكر مسروق. وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٢٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن رجاء عن النزال عن عليّ. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٦٥: جويبر متروك.","vol":"16","page":33},{"text":"مِلكٍ، ولا رَضاعَ بَعدَ فِصالٍ، ولا وصالَ في الصِّيامِ، ولا صَمتَ يَومٍ إِلَى اللَّيلِ\" (^١).\nقال عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: قال سفيانُ لمعمَرٍ: إنَّ جُوَيْبِرًا حَدَّثَنَا بهَذا الحديثِ ولَم يَرفَعْه. قال مَعمَرٌ: وحَدَّثَنا به مِرارًا ورَفَعَه.\n\n١٥٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- وأَنا مَعَه عِندَ دارِ القَضاءِ يَسأَلُه عن رَضاعَةِ الكَبيرِ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: كانَت لِى وليدَةٌ فكُنتُ أطَؤُها، فعَمَدَتِ امرأتِى إلَيها فأَرضَعَتها فدَخَلتُ عَلَيها فقالَت: دونَكَ، فقَد واللهِ أرضَعتُها. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أوجِعْها وائتِ جاريَتَكَ؛ فإنَّما الرَّضاعَةُ رَضاعَةُ الصَّغيرِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٥٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرانَ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: عَمَدَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى جاريَةٍ لِزَوجِها فأَرضَعَتها، فلَمَّا جاءَ زَوجُها قالَت: إنَّ جاريَتَكَ هذه قَد صارَتِ ابنَتَكَ. فانطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١١٤٥٠)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٢٠٤٩). وعند ابن ماجه مقتصر على ذكر النكاح. قال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجة (١٦٦٨): صحيح بما قبله.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٣٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٦، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤٠٩. وأخرجه على بن حجر في حديثه عن إسماعيل بن جعفر (٣٨) عن عبد الله بن دينار به.","vol":"16","page":34},{"text":"فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَما رَجَعتَ فأَصَبتَ جاريَتَكَ، وأَوجَعتَ ظَهرَ امرأتِكَ (^١).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-: فإِنَّما الرَّضاعَةُ رَضاعَةُ الصَّغيرِ.\n\n١٥٧٥٧ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ إلَّا ما كان في الصِّغَرِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: لا رَضاعَ إلَّا لمن أرضَعَ في الصِّغَرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3375>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَحديدِ ذَلِكَ بالحَولَينِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣].\n\n١٥٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٨٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٢٩) عن ابن نمير به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٩٠٤، ١٣٩٠٦) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٣٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٣، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٠٥).","vol":"16","page":35},{"text":"الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو رَوقٍ الهِزّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ رَوحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- يقولُ: لا رَضاعَ إلَّا في الحَولَينِ في الصِّغَرِ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ أبا موسَى -﵁- قال في رَضاعَةِ الكَبيرِ: ما أَراها إلَّا تُحَرمُ. فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁-: أَبصِرْ ما تُفتِى به الرَّجُلَ. فقالَ أبو موسَى: فما تَقولُ أنتَ؟ فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁-: لا رَضاعَةَ إلَّا ما كان في الحَولَينِ. فقالَ أبو موسَى: لا تَسأَلونِي عن شَئٍ ما كان هَذا الحَبرُ بَينَ أظهُرِكُم (^٢). هَذا وإن كان مُرسَلًا فلَه شَواهِدُ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁-.\n\n١٥٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: لا رَضاعَ إلَّا ما كان في الحَولَينِ، ما أنشَزَ العَظمَ وأَنبَتَ اللَّحمَ (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُرسَلًا في الحَولَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٢٢٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٩٨٥) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٣٥)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٩، ومالك ٢/ ٦٠٧، ومن طريقه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤٠٩. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٧٤٩ - ١٥٧٥١).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٢٠٤ من طريق المغيرة به. وأبو يوسف في الآثار (٦١٣) من طريق إبراهيم به.","vol":"16","page":36},{"text":"١٥٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَي، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان يقولُ: لا رَضاعَ بَعدَ حَولَينِ كامِلَينِ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ محمدٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢)، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما كان في الحَولَينِ فإِنَّه يُحَرِّمُ وإِن كان مَصَّةً، وإِن كان بَعدَ الحَولَينِ فلَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدة، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا رَضاعَ إلَّا ما كان في الحَولَينِ (^٤). هَذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٢٩٤ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"يزيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤١٦.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢١٩) من طريق عكرمة به بلفظ: لا رضاع بعد الفصال.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٨٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (٩٨٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٠٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢١٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٢٩٥ عن سفيان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٢٠٥ من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"16","page":37},{"text":"١٥٧٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ محمدٍ الوَكيلَ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ ابنُ بُردٍ الأنطاكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضاعِ إلَّا ما كان في الحَولَينِ\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: هَذا يُعرَفُ بالهَيثَمِ بنِ جَميلٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ مُسنَدًا، وغَيرُ الهَيثَمِ يُوقِفُ (^٢) على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣).\nورُوّينا هَذا التَّحديدَ بالحَولَينِ مِنَ التَّابِعينَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ والشَّعبِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدة، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه كان يقولُ: إذا ولَدَتِ المَرأَةُ لَتِسعَةِ أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ أحَدً وعِشرينَ (^٥) شَهرًا، وإِذا وضَعَت لِسَبعَةِ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٦٢، وفيه: ابن عقبة. بدل: ابن عيينة. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧٤ من طريق أبى الوليد بن برد به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٦٦ عن الهيثم بن جميل: حافظ له مناكير. وينظر نصب الراية ٣/ ٢١٨، ٢١٩.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"موقوف\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٥٦٢.\n(^٤) ينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٦٠٤، ومصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٠٧)، وشن سعيد بن منصور (٩٧٣، ٩٧٧)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٢٣٠، ١٧٢٣١)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٤/ ٢٠٤، وشرح المشكل للطحاوى ١١/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٥) كذا في الأصل وضبب عليه، وعلى الموضعين التاليين، وفى س، ص ٨، م: \"عشرون\". وتقدم التعليق عليه في (١٥٦٤٠).","vol":"16","page":38},{"text":"أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ ثَلاثَةً وعِشرينَ شَهرًا، وإِذا وضَعَت لِسِتَةِ أشهُرٍ كَفاها مِنَ الرَّضاعِ أربَعَةً وعِشرينَ شَهرًا كما قال اللهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3376>بابُ شَهادَةِ النّساءِ في الرَّضاعِ</span>\n\n١٥٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ امرأةً سَوداءَ جاءَت فزَعَمَت أنَّها أرضَعَتهُما، يَعنِى عُقبَةَ وامرأتَه، قال: فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فأَعرَضَ وتبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"كَيفَ وقَد قيلَ؟! \" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الصَبّاحِ وابنُ مَنيعٍ وأبو كُرَيبٍ ويَعقوبُ ودَلُّويَه قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ -قال: وقَد سَمِعتُه مِن عُقبَةَ ولَكِنِّى لحَديثِ عُبَيدٍ أحفَظُ- قال: تَزَوَّجتُ امرأةً\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٦٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٤٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٢٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢١٨) من طريق ابن أبى مليكة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٥٢).","vol":"16","page":39},{"text":"فجاءَتنا امرأةٌ سَوداءُ فقالَت: إنِّى قَد أرضَعتُكُما. فأَتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: إنِّى تَزَوَّجتُ فُلانَةَ بنتَ فُلانٍ فجاءَتنا امرأةٌ سَوداءُ فقالَت: إنِّى قَد أرضَعتُكُما. وهِىَ كاذِبَةٌ. فأَعرَضَ عَنِّي، فجِئتُه مِن قِبَلِ وجهِه فقُلتُ: إنَّها كاذِبَةٌ. قالَ: \"كَيفَ بها وقَد زَعَمَت أنَّها قَد أرضَعَتكُما؟! دَعْها عَنكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقبَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ أو سَمِعتُه مِنه، أنَّه تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ يَحيَى بنتَ أبى إهابٍ، فجاءَت أمَةٌ سَوداءُ فقالَت: قَد أرضَعتُكُما. فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَعرَضَ عَنِّى فتَنَحَّيتُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُه له فقالَ: \"كَيفَ وقَد زَعَمَت أن قَد أرضَعَتكُما؟! \" (^٣). فنَهاه عَنها. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ وعن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن يَحيَى هَكَذا مُدرَجًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٦٠٢٨) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٦١٤٨)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠٤)، والترمذى (١١٥١)، والنسائى (٣٣٣٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٠٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٨٩)، وأحمد (١٦١٥٣). وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٦٠٢٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢١٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٥٩).","vol":"16","page":40},{"text":"١٥٧٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ عُقبَةَ بنَ الحارِثِ أخبَرَه أنَّه نَكَحَ أُمَّ يَحيَى بنتَ أبى إهابٍ فقالَت أمَةٌ سَوداءُ: قَد أرضَعتُكُما. قال: فجِئتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فأَعرَضَ فتَنَحَّيتُ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"وكَيفَ وقَد زَعَمَت أنَّها أرضَعَتكُما؟! \" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: إعراضُه -ﷺ- يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ لَم [يَرَ هذا] (^٢) شَهادَةً تَلزَمُه، وقَولُه: \"وكَيفَ وقَد زَعَمَت أنَّها أرضَعَتكُما؟! \". يُشبِهُ أن يَكُونَ كَرِهِ له أن يُقيمَ مَعَها وقَد قيلَ له: إنَّها أُختُه مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ. وهَذا مَعنَى ما قُلنا مِن أن يَترُكَها ورَعًا لا حُكمًا (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا وامرأتَه أتَيا عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- وجاءَتِ امرأةٌ فقالَت: إنِّى أرْضَعْتُهُما. وأبَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- أن يأخُذَ بقَولِها فقالَ: دونَكَ امرأتَكَ (^٤). هَذا مُرسَلٌ، ورُوىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٣٨)، والصغرى (٢٨٨٩)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣٤.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يرها\".\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ٣٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٨١) عن سفيان به مختصرًا. وسحنون في المندونة ٢/ ٤١٢ من طريق زيد بن أسلم بمعناه.","vol":"16","page":41},{"text":"١٥٧٧٢ - أخبَرَناه أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى لَيلَى والحَجّاجُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ المَخزومِيِّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أُتِىَ في امرأةٍ شَهِدَت على رَجُلٍ وامرأتِه أنَّها أرضَعَتهُما، فقالَ: لا، حَتَّى يَشهَدَ رَجُلانِ، أو رَجُلٌ وامرأتانِ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: لا تَجوزُ مِنَ النِّساءِ أقَل مِن أربَعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٧٤ - وأَمَّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا عَفانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عُثَيمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن [ابنِ عُمَرَ] (^٣) قال: سُئلَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-: ما يَجوزُ في الرَّضاعِ مِنَ الشُّهودِ؟\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٩٩٢). وآخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٧٠) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به. وسحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤١٢، ٤١٣ من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٣٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ٣٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٧٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) في الأصل، م: \"أبى عبيد\"، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"ابن عمر. صح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٨.","vol":"16","page":42},{"text":"قال: فقالَ: \"رَجُلٌ أو امرأةٌ\" (^١). فهَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ لا تَقومُ بمِثلِه الحُجَّةُ، محمدُ بنُ عُثَيمٍ يُرمَى بالكَذِبِ (^٢)، وابنُ البَيلَمانِىِّ ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، وقَدِ اختُلِفَ عَلَيه في مَتنِه؛ فقيلَ هَكَذا. وقيلَ: \"رَجُلٌ وامرأةٌ\" (^٤). وقيلَ: \"رَجُلٌ وامرأتانِ\".\nبابُ الرَّضخِ (^٥) عِندَ الفِصالِ\n\n١٥٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ الأسلَمِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قالَ. وأَخبَرَنيه ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ حَجّاجٍ الأسلَمِيِّ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما يُذهِبُ عَنِّى مَذَمَّةَ الرَّضاعِ (^٦)؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الغُرَّةُ، العَبدُ والأمَةُ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧١٣٥)، وأحمد (٥٨٧٧) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٢) هو محمد بن عثيم، أبو ذر الحضرمى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٣، ٥١، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٦٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٨٥.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١١٣٨٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٥٦٧) -وعنه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٤٩١٢) - عن معتمر به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٤٣٧) من طريق ابن البيلمانى به.\n(^٥) الرضخ: العطية القليلة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٦) مذمة الرضاع: بكسر الذال وفتحها: شئ يعطى للظئر [المرضعة] عند الفصال سوى الأجرة. ينظر التاج ٣٢/ ٢٠٨ (ذ م م).\n(^٧) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٩٥). وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٢/ ١٧٣، وابن حبان (٤٢٣٠)، والطبراني (٣٢٠٨) من طريق ابن وهب به، وعند ابن حبان عن عمرو وحده، وعند =","vol":"16","page":43},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ إلَّا أنَّهُما قالا: \"العَبدُ أو الأمَةُ\" (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن عُروةَ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ حَجّاجِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ أبى الحَجّاجِ، عن أبيه (^٣). والصَّوابُ الحَجّاجُ ابنُ حجاجٍ عن أبيه، قالَه البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3377>بابُ ما ورَدَ في اللَّبَنِ يُشَبَّهُ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٥٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الاسفِرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، قال: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَدِينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ يَعنِى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عُتْوارَةَ -ورُبَّما قال سفيانُ: عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى كِنانَةَ-: مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ أنتَ؟ فقُلتُ: لا، ولَكِنَّهُم أرضعونِى. فقالَ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُشَبَّهُ عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٧٧٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n= الطبرانى: ابن سمعان. بدل: الليث، وعندهم: \"العبد أو الأمة\".\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٦٤)، وابن حبان (٤٢٣١) من طريق ابى معاوية به. وأحمد (١٥٧٣٣)، والترمذى (١١٥٣)، والنسائي (٣٣٢٩) من طريق هشام به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٥٤٨٣) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل (٢٩٣) من طريق سفيان عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه به.\n(^٤) ذكره الترمذى في العلل عقب (٢٩٣) عن البخاري.\n(^٥) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٩٩٧) عن سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٩٥٣) عن عمر بن حبيب به. وعندهما: جلست إلى ابن عمر فقال: أَمِن بنى فلان أنت؟","vol":"16","page":44},{"text":"سفيانُ هو الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن شُعَيبِ بنِ خالِدٍ الخَثعَمِيِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: اللَّبَنُ يُشَبَّهُ عَلَيهِ.\nورَواه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِيُّ عن الثَّورِيِّ بهَذا الإسنادِ قال: جَلَستُ إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: أهُم ولَدُكَ؟ سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ الرَّضاعَ يُشَبَّهُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، قال: حَدَّثَنَا بشرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَذّاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: اللَّبَنُ يُشَبَّهُ عَلَيهِ (^٢). ورُوىَ فيه حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٥٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ ابنُ بنتِ داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ مِن خَيْرِ الرجالِ، عن هِشامِ ابنِ إسماعيلَ المَكِّيِّ، عن زيادٍ السَّهمِىِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تُستَرضَعَ الحَمقاءُ؛ فإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُشَبَّهُ (^٣). هَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3378>بابُ ما جاءَ في الغِيلَةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٥٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن قتيبة في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٤ عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن قتيبة في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٥ عن عمر بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٣) المراسيل (٢٠٧).\n(^٤) الغيلة: أن يجامع الرجل المرأة وهي مرضع. غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٠٠.","vol":"16","page":45},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو تَوبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ يَزيدَ بنِ السَّكَنِ قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَقتُلوا أولادَكُم سِرًّا، فإِنَّ الغَيلَ يُدرِكُ الفارِسَ فيُدَعثِرُه (^١) عن فرَسِه\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن جُذامَةَ بنتِ وهبٍ الأسَديَّةِ أنَّها قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن أنهَى عن الغِيلَةِ، حَتَّى ذَكَرتُ أنَّ الرّومَ وفارِسَ يَصنَعونَ ذَلِكَ فلا يَضُرُّ أولادَهُم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، [حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ (ح)] (^٥) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ الفَقيهُ الفامِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الصَّوَّافُ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) يدعثره: يهدمه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٧٠.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٩٦)، وأبو داود (٣٨٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٨٤) من طريق محمد بن مهاجر به. وابن ماجة (٢٠١٢) من طريق مهاجر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٤٣٧).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٦٠٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٠٣٥)، وأبو داود (٣٨٨٢)، والترمذى (٢٠٧٧)، والنسائى (٣٣٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤١٩٦). وتقدم في (١٤٤٤٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٤٢/ ١٤٠).\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨: \"ثنا الصواف\".","vol":"16","page":46},{"text":"أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنِى عَيّاشُ بنِ عباسٍ [أنَّ أبا النَّضرِ حَدَّثَهُ] (^١) عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، أنَّ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ أخبَرَ والِدَه سَعدَ بنَ أبى وقّاصٍ فقالَ له: إنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى أعزِلُ عن امرأتِى. فقالَ: \"لِمَ؟ \". فقالَ: شَفَقًا على ولَدِها. فقال: \"إن كان كَذَلِكَ فلا، ما ضَرَّ ذَلِكَ فارِسَ والرّومَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ وغَيرِه عن المُقرِئِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، أخبرَنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ الرُّكَينَ قال: أنبأنِى القاسِمُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَكرَهُ الصُّفرَةَ، يَعنِى الخَلوقَ، وتَغييرَ الشَّيبِ، يَعنِى نَتفَ الشَّيبِ، وجَرَّ الإِزارِ، والتَّخَتُّمَ بالذَّهَبِ، والضَّربَ بالكِعابِ، والتَّبَرُّجَ بالزّينَةِ، وإِفسادَ الصَّبِىِّ غَيرَ مُحرمِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٨٤ - قال يوسُفُ: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ بإِسنادِه ومَعناه.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عن أبى النضر\"، وفى ص ٨: \"أن أبا النضر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٧٠) عن عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٢٢)، والنسائي (٥١٠٣) من طريق معتمر به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٦٩: قال البخاري: لم يصح هذا. قلت -أي الذهبي- وقاسم ليس بحجة، وعمه فيه شئ، ولا يكاد يعرف. وتقدم في (١٤٤٤٧) وفيه التعليق على ضبط قوله: محرمه.","vol":"16","page":47},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3379>بابُ ما يُنهَى عنه مِن إدغارِ الرَّضيعِ</span>\n\n١٥٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ قَيسٍ بنتِ مِحْصَنٍ قالَت: دَخَلتُ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بابنٍ لِى وقَد أعلَقتُ عَلَيه مِنَ العُذْرَةِ (^١) فقالَ: \"عَلَامَ تَدْغَرْنَ أولادَكُنَّ بهَذا العَلاقِ؟ عَلَيكُنَّ بهَذا العُودِ الهِندِىِّ؛ فإِنَّ فيه سبعَةَ أشفيَة؛ يُسعَطُ به مِنَ العُذرَةِ، ويُلَدُّ به (^٢) مِن ذاتِ الجَنْبِ (^٣) \" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\nورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ وزادَ فيه: يَعنِى الكُستَ (^٦). وقالَ بعضُهم: القُسطَ.\n_________\n(^١) أعلقت عليه من العذرة: العذرة وجع يهيج في الحلق، وكانوا يداوونه بأن يدفعوه بأصابعهم، وهو العلاق، وهو أيضًا الدغر. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٥، والفائق ١/ ٤٢٨.\n(^٢) يلد به: أى يسقى المريض الدواء في أحد شقى الفم. الفائق ٣/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) ذات الجنب: علة صعبة تأخذ في الجنب، أو قرحة قبيحة تثقب البطن. تهذيب اللغة ٤/ ٢٤.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٩٧)، وأبو داود (٣٨٧٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٨٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٦٩٢، ٥٧١٣)، ومسلم (٢٢١٤).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٠٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (٦٠٧٠) من طريق يونس به. وعند ابن حبان وحده لفظ: الكست.","vol":"16","page":48},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3380>كتابُ النفقاتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3381>بابُ وُجوبِ النَّفَقَةِ لِلزَّوجَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا (٣)﴾ [النساء: ٣]. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: لا يَكثُرَ مَن تَعولوا إذا اقتَصرَ المَرءُ على واحِدَةٍ، وإِن أباحَ له أكثَرَ مِنها (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ أبى نَصرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مَنصورَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الثَّقَفِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عُمَرَ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الواحِدِ غُلامَ ثَعلَبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ثَعلَبًا يقولُ في قَولِ الشّافِعِيِّ: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾. أى: لا يَكثُرَ عيالُكُم. قال: أحسَنَ، هو لُغَة (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو طالِبٍ أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى الصَّدَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا﴾. قال: ذَلِكَ أدنَى ألَّا يَكثُرَ مَن تَعولونَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ١٠٦.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٢٨٩٩)، والمعرفة (٤٧٤٣) من طريق أبى عمر غلام ثعلب به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣١٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٤٧٦٣) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"16","page":49},{"text":"والحَديثُ في سَبَبِ نُزولِ هذه الآيَةِ قَد مَضَى في كِتابِ النِّكَاحِ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ هِندًا قالَت لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ؛ أعلىَّ جُناحٌ أن آخُذَ مِن مالِهِ؟ قال: \"خُذِى ما يَكفيكِ ووَلَدَكِ بالمَعروفِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٨٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدِ بنِ أحمدَ السُلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِىُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَثَّ على الصَّدَقَةِ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: عِندِى دينارٌ. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، عِندِى دينارٌ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على نَفسِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على ولَدِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على أهلِكَ\". وفى حَديِث أبى عاصِمٍ: \"على زَوجَتِكَ\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٩٢٤ - ١٣٩٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٥٣٢)، والشائى في الكبرى (٩١٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٥) من طريق هشام به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨٢٩، ٢٠٥١٩، ٢٠٥٢٨، ٢١٣٣٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٧١٨٠).","vol":"16","page":50},{"text":"عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على خادِمِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنتَ أعلَمُ\". وفِى حَديثِ أبى عاصِمٍ: \"أنتَ أبصرُ\". زادَ سفيانُ في رِوايَتِه عن ابنِ عَجلانَ: قال سعيدٌ: ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ إذا حَدَّثَ بهَذا الحديثِ: يقولُ ولَدُكَ: أنفِقْ عليَّ، إلَى مَن تَكِلُنِى؟ تَقولُ زَوجَتُكَ: أنفِق عليَّ أو طَلِّقنِى. يقولُ خادِمُكٍ: إلَى مَن تَكِلُنِى؟ أنفِقْ عليَّ أو بِعْنى (^١).\n\n١٥٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَي، وابْدأْ بمَن تَعولُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأَعْمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [أبو بَكْرٍ] (^٤) أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطِىِّ وأَنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ٨٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٢٣٣) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (٧٤١٩)، وأبو داود (١٦٩١)، والنسائى (٢٥٣٤) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٤٨٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٧٢) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (١٦٧٦)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٩٢٠٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن خزيمة (٢٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٣٣٦٣) من طريق أبى صالح به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨٠٧، ١٥٨٠٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٣٥٥).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"16","page":51},{"text":"القُشَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نِساؤُنا ما نأتِى مِنها أم ما نَذَرُ؟ قال: \"ائتِ حَرثَكَ أنَّى شِئتَ، غَيرَ ألا تَضرِبَ الوَجهَ ولا تُقَبِّحَ، ولا تَهجُرَ إلَّا في البَيتِ، وأَطعِمْ إذا طَعِمتَ، واكسُ إذا اكتَسَيتَ، كَيفَ وقَد أفضَى بَعْضُهُم (^١) إلَى بَعضٍ؟ \" (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ وهبَ بنَ جابِرٍ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو (^٣) -﵄- في بَيتِ المَقدِسِ وأَتاه مَولًى له فقالَ: إنِّى أُريدُ أن أُقيمَ هَذا الشَّهرَ ههنا. يَعنِى رَمَضانَ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللهِ: هَل تَرَكتَ لأهلِكَ ما يَقوتُهُم؟ قالَ: لا. قال: إِمَّا لَا (^٤) فارجِعْ فدَعْ لَهُم ما يَقوتُهُم؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كَفَى بالمرءِ إثمًا أن يُضَيِّعَ مَن يَقوتُ\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3382>بابُ فضلِ النَّفَقَةِ على الأهلِ</span>\n\n١٥٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بطُوسَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بعضكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٣٠) عن يزيد به. وأبو داود (٢١٤٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٦٠) من طريق بهز به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٨٧٦): حسن صحيح. وتقدم في (١٤٨٤١).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن العاصى\".\n(^٤) أصل الكلمة \"إن\" و\"ما\" و\"لا\"، فأدغمت النون في الميم. والمعنى: إن لَمْ تفعل هذا فليكن هذا. النهاية ١/ ٧٢.\n(^٥) الطيالسى (٢٣٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨٤٢) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وسيأتى في (١٧٨٨١).","vol":"16","page":52},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عَدِىُّ بن ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ، فقُلتُ: أعَنِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"المُسلِمُ إذا أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً على أهلِه وهو يَحتَسِبُها كُتِبَت له صَدَقَةً\". رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفِريابِيُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حَدَّثَنَا فعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ كَثيرٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ -﵁- قال: جاءَنى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَعودُنِى وأَنا بمَكَّةَ، وهو يَكرَهُ أن يَموتَ أحَدُنا بالأرضِ التى هاجَرَ مِنها، فقالَ: \"يَرحَمُ اللَّهُ ﷿ ابنَ عَفراءَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أُوصِى بمالِى كُلِّهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالشَّطرِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فبِالثُّلُثِ؟ قال: \"الثُّلُثُ، والثُّلُثُ كَثيرٌ، إنَّكَ أن تَدَعَ ورَثَتَكَ أغنياءَ خَيرٌ مِن أن تَدَعَهُم عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفونَ النّاسَ في أيديهِم، وَإِنَّكَ مَهما أنفَقتَ على أهلِكَ مِن نَفَقَةٍ فإِنَّها صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى اللُّقمَةُ تَرفَعُها إلَى في امرأتِكَ، وعَسَى اللهُ ﷿ أن يَنفَعَ بكَ قَومًا ويَضُرَّ بكَ آخَرينَ\". ولَم يَكُنْ له يَومَئذٍ إلَّا ابنَةٌ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نعَيمٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٣٥١)، ومسلم (١٠٠٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٦٢٩) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (١٤٨٨) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في =","vol":"16","page":53},{"text":"ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ وأبو المُثَنَّى وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَيَّانَ (^٢) قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مُزاحِمِ بنِ زُفَرَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"دينارٌ أعطَيتَه مِسكينًا، ودينارٌ أعطَيتَه في رَقَبَةٍ، ودينارٌ أعطَيتَه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ودينارٌ أنفَقتَه على أهلِكَ\". قال: \"الدِّينارُ الَّذِى أنفَقتَه على أهلِكَ أعظَمُ أجرًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٥٧٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعارِمٌ وأبو الرَّبيعِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أفضَلُ دينارٍ يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ دينارٌ يُنفِقُه على عيالِه، ديناز يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ\n_________\n= (٦٦٤٣، ١٢٦٩٢ - ١٢٦٩٦)، وسيأتى في (١٧٨٣٨، ١٧٨٣٩).\n(^١) البخاري (٢٧٤٢، ٥٣٥٤)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨/ عقب ٥).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"حبان\". وينظر فتح الباب في الكنى والألقاب ص ١٩٤، ٢٢٣، والمقتنى في سرد الكنى ١/ ١٤٩. وتقدم في (٦٤٤٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٩٥).","vol":"16","page":54},{"text":"على دابَّتِه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، دينارٌ يُنفِقُه الرَّجُلُ على أصحابِه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قال أبو قِلابَةَ: وبَدأ بالعيالِ، فأَىُّ رَجُلٍ أعظَمُ أجرًا مِن رَجُلٍ يُنفِقُ على عيالٍ صِغارٍ يَقوتُهُمُ اللَّهُ ويَنفَعُهُم بهِ؟ (^١) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفِريابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُكُم خَيرُكُم لأهَلِه، وأَنا خَيرُكُم لأهلِى\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3383>بابُ حَبسِ الرَّجُلِ لأهلِه قوتَ سنةٍ</span>\n\n١٥٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ هو ابنُ إسحاقَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الخَثعَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيع، حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: قال لِى سفيانُ الثورِىُّ: أيشٍ عِندَكَ في القوتِ؟ قُلتُ: لا شَئَ. قال: ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُ بَعدُ حَديثًا حَدَّثَنَا به مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن مالكِ بنِ أوسٍ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَبيعُ نَخلَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ ويَحبِسُ لأهلِه قوتَ سَنَتِهِم (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٨٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٩٤).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (١١٠١٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٨٩٥)، وابن حبان (٤١٧٧) من طريق الفريابى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب صحيح من حديث الثورى.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٤/ ٢٨٤ من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"16","page":55},{"text":"ابنِ سَلَامٍ عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٧٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجْزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فيما أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُنفِقُ على أهلِه نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِم مِن هَذا المالِ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ ما بَقِىَ فيَجعَلُه مَجعَلَ مالِ اللهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3384>بابٌ: ﴿لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ﴾ [الطلاق: ٧]</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في نَفَقَةِ المُقتِرِ: إنَّها مُدٌّ بمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في كُلِّ يَومٍ مِن طَعامِ البَلَدِ. قال: وإِنَّما جَعَلتُ الفَرضَ مُدًّا بالدِّلالَةِ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في دَفعِه إلَى الَّذِى أصابَ أهلَه في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ عَرَقًا فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا لِسِتّينَ مِسكينًا؛ فكانَ ذَلِكَ مُدًّا مُدًّا لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ، والعَرَقُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا على ذَلِكَ يُعمَلُ ليَكونَ أربَعَةُ أعراقٍ وسْقًا، ولَكِنَّ الَّذِى\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٣٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٦) عن يحيى بن بكرٍ به. وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٦٥) من طريق الليث به. وأبو عوانة (٦٦٦٧) من طريق عقيل به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٥٠، ١٢٨٥١، ١٢٨٥٤ - ١٢٨٥٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٣٥٨، ٦٧٢٨، ٧٣٠٥)، ومسلم (١٧٥٧).","vol":"16","page":56},{"text":"حَدَّثَه أدخَلَ الشَّكَّ في الحديثِ ة خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ أو عِشرينَ صاعًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: يَعنِى به ما:\n\n١٥٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ في قِصَّةِ الأعرابِىِّ الَّذِى أصابَ امرأتَه في رَمَضانَ قال: فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعَرَقِ تَمرٍ فقالَ: \"خُذْ هَذا فتَصَدَّقْ به\". فذَكَرَه، قال عَطاءٌ: فسألتُ سعيدًا. كَم في ذَلِكَ العَرَقِ مِنَ التَّمرِ؟ قال: ما بَينَ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا إلَى عِشرينَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٠٠ - وقَد رُوّينا في حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى هريرةَ في قِصَّةِ المُواقِعِ قال فيها عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"أطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قالَ: فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا قال: \"خُذْه فتَصَدَّق به\". أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ الحاسِبُ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ ابنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا هِقلٌ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه عن الأوزاعِىِّ مُدرَجًا في حَديت الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُمَيدٍ.\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ فجَعَلَ تَقديرَ العَرَقِ في رِوايَةِ عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٨٩.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (٧/ ٥ و- مخطوط). وتقدم في (٨١٤١).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الكاتب\".\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٩٩٨٧).","vol":"16","page":57},{"text":"شُعَيبٍ، وذَكَرناه في غَيرِ هَذا المَوضِعِ (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ في نَفَقَةِ الموسِرِ: إنَّها مُدَّانِ. قال: وإِنَّما جَعَلتُ أكثَرَ ما فرَضتُ مُدَّينِ مُدَّينِ؛ لأنَّ أكثَرَ ما جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- في فِديَةِ الكَفَّارَةِ لِلأذَى مُدَّينِ لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَي، عن كَعبِ بنِ عُجرَةَ أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُحرِمًا فآذاه القَمْلُ، فأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَحلِقَ رأسَه وقالَ: \"صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أيَّامٍ، أو أطعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَساكينَ مُدَّينِ مُدَّينِ، أو انسُكْ شاةً، أىَّ ذَلِكَ فعَلتَ أجزأ عَنكَ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحُسَينُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن مالكٍ مُجَوَّدًا (^٤)، وقَد أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ (^٥).\n\n١٥٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بَحرٍ العَطَّارُ بالبَصرَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٨٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ٨٩.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٨٨٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩١٦٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٢٠١/ ٨٣). وليس في البخاري من طريق عبد الكريم. ينظر تحفة الإشراف (١١١١٤).","vol":"16","page":58},{"text":"إبراهيمَ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، عن المِنهالِ بنِ خَليفَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه فرَضَ لا مرأةٍ وخادِمِها اثنَى عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا؛ لِلمَرأَةِ ثَمانيَةً ولِلخادِمِ أربَعَةً، ودرهمانِ (^١) مِنَ الثَّمانيَةِ لِلقُطنِ والكَتَّانِ (^٢). هَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3385>بابُ الرَّجُلِ لا يَجِدُ نَفَقَةَ امرأتِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كَتَبَ إلَى أُمَراءِ الأجنادِ في رِجالٍ غابوا عن نِسائهِم، فأَمَرَهُم أن يأخُذوهُم بأَن يُنفِقوا أو يُطَلِّقوا، فإِن طَلَّقوا بَعَثوا بنَفَقَةِ ما حَبَسوا (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الرَّجُلِ لا يَجِدُ ما يُنفِقُ على امرأتِهِ. قال: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما. قال أبو الزِّنادِ: قُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"درهما\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٣٤) عن يحيى بن يمان به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٤٨)، والصغرى (٢٩١٤)، والشافعى ٥/ ٩١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٤٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٤٠) من طريق عبيد الله به.","vol":"16","page":59},{"text":"سُنَّةٌ. قال سعيدٌ: سُنَّةٌ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: والَّذِى يُشبِهُ قَولَ سعيدٍ: سُنَّةٌ. أن تَكُونَ سُنَّةً مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ (ح) وأخبرنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ ابنُ أحمدَ ابنُ (^٣) السَّمَّاكِ وعَبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ وإسماعيلُ بنُ عليٍّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَاوَرْدِىُّ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ في الرَّجُلِ لا يَجِدُ ما يُنفِقُ على امرأتِه قال: يُفَرَّقُ بَينَهُما (^٥).\n\n١٥٨٠٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمِ ابنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٧٥٠)، والصغرى (٢٩٠٦)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٥٧)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٢٢) من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق بإبهام سعيد بن المسيب.\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٠٧.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢١٠).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"الماوردى\"، وفى م: \"الأودى\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٥٠)، وفى الصغرى (٢٩٠٨)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٣٥٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٢٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٢٣٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٦) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٥٠)، والصغرى (٢٩٠٩)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٩٧.","vol":"16","page":60},{"text":"١٥٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ القاضِى بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ: محمذ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحسنِ بنِ إسحاقَ البَزّازُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا بنِ (^١) الحارِثِ ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ المَكِّىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"خَيرُ الصَّدَقَةِ ما كان مِنها عن ظَهرِ غِنًى، واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَي، وابدأْ بمَن تَعولُ\". قال: ومَن أعولُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"امرأتُكَ تقولُ: أطعِمْنِى وإِلَّا فارِقْنِى. خادِمُكَ يقولُ: أطعِمنِى واستَعمِلْنِى. ولَدُكَ يقولُ: إلَى مَن تَترُكُنِى؟ \" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ عن ابنِ عَجلانَ.\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ عَجلانَ عن المَقبُرِىِّ عن أبى هريرةَ، وجَعَلَ آخِرَه مِن قَولِ أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ جَعَلَه الأَعْمَشُ عن أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى هريرةَ:\n\n١٥٨٠٨ - أحْبَرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"يحيى بن\".\n(^٢) الفاكهى في فوائده (١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٨١٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢١١) من طريق المقرئ به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٧٨٩).","vol":"16","page":61},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أفضَلَ الصَّدَقَةِ ما تَرَكَ غِنًى، واليَدُ العُليا خَيرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفلَي، وابدأْ بمَن تَعولُ\". قال أبو هريرةَ: تَقولُ امرأتُكَ: أطعِمْنِى وإِلَّا فطَلِّقْنِى. ويَقولُ خادِمُكَ: أطعِمْنِى وإِلَّا فبِعْنِى. ويَقولُ ولَدُكَ: إلَى مَن تَكِلُنِى؟. قالوا: يا أبا هريرةَ، هَذا شَئٌ تَقولُه مِن رأيِكَ أو مِن قَولِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: لا، بَل هَذا مِن كيسِى (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن أبيه عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3386>بابٌ: المَبتوتَةُ لا نَفَقَةَ لَها إلَّا أن تَكُونَ حامِلًا</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦]. فجَعَلَ لَهُنَ نَفَقَةً بصِفَةٍ.\n\n١٥٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى الأسوَدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ أبا عمرِو ابنَ حَفصٍ طَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ وهو غائبٌ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيها وكيلُه بشَعيرٍ فسَخِطَته فقالَ: واللهِ ما لَكِ عَلَينا مِن شَئٍ. فجاءَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٩) عن أبى معاوية به. وتقدم في (١٥٧٨٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٣٥٥).","vol":"16","page":62},{"text":"لها: \"لَيسَ [لَكِ عَلَيه] (^١) نَفَقَة\". وأمَرَها أن تَعتَدَّ في بَيتِ أُمِّ شَريكٍ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنّ تِلكَ امرأةٌ يَغشاها أصحابِي، اعتَدِّى في بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ؛ فإِنَّه رَجُلٌ أعمَى تَضَعينَ ثيابَكِ، وإذا حَلَلتِ فآذِنينِى\". قالَت: فلَمّا حَلَلتُ ذَكَرتُ له أنَّ مُعاويَةَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ وأَبا جَهمٍ خَطَبانِي، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا أبو جَهمٍ فلا يَضَعُ عَصاه عن عاتِقِه، وأَمّا مُعاويَةُ فصُعلوكٌ لا مالَ له، انكِحِى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ\". قالَت: فكَرِهتُه. [ثم قال] (^٢): \"انكِحِى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ\". فنَكَحتُه، فجَعَلَ اللهُ فيه خَيرًا واغتَبَطتُ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عِمرانُ بنُ أبى أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ أبى أنَسٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ أنَّه قال: سألتُ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ، فأَخبَرَتنِى أنَّ زَوجَها المَخزومِيَّ طَلَّقَها فأَبَى أن يُنفِقَ عَلَيها، فجاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَته، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ، فانتَقلِى واذهَبِى إلَى ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ فكونِى عِندَه؛ فإنَّه رَجُلٌ أعمَى تَضَعينَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"عليك\".\n(^٢) في م: \"فقال\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٨٤). وتقدم في (١٣٨٨٩، ١٤١٣٢، ١٥٥٧٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٦).","vol":"16","page":63},{"text":"ثيابَكِ عِندَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنَّها طَلَّقَها زَوجُها في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فكان أَنْفَقَ عَلَيها نَفَقَةَ دونٍ، فلَمّا رأت ذَلِكَ قالَت: واللهِ لأُكَلَّمَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فإِن كانَت لِى نَفَقَةٌ أخَذتُ الَّذِى يُصلِحُنِي، وإن لَم يَكُنْ لِى نَفَقَةٌ لَم آخُذْ شَيئًا. قالَت: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"لا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ ولا سُكنَى\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ في السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةِ جَميعًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنَّها كانَت\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٩٢٤٣) من طريق قتيبة به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٣٤) من طريق عمران به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ عقب ٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٤٩٣) من طريق قتيبة به. وأبو عوانة (٤٦٠٠) من طريق قتيبة عن يعقوب به. والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٧١ (٩٢١) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٧).\n(^٥) تقدم مسندا في (١٤١٣٣).","vol":"16","page":64},{"text":"تَحتَ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى مَخزومِ فطَلَّقَها البَتَّةَ، فأَرسَلَت إلَى أهلِه تَبتَغِى النَّفَقَةَ فقالوا: لَيسَت لَكِ عَلَينا نَفَقَةٌ. قالت: فذَكرتُ ذلك لرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"لَيسَ لَكِ عَلَيهم نَفَقَةٌ، وعَلَيكِ العِدَّةُ، فانتَقلى إلَى أُمِّ شَريكٍ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ أُمَّ شَريكٍ (^١) يدخُلُ عَلَيها إخوَتُها مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ الأَوَّلينَ، فانتقلى إلَى ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، فإِنَّه رَجُلٌ أعمَي، إن وضَعتِ ثَوبَكِ لَم يَرَ شَيئًا، ولا تُفَوِّتينا بنَفسِكِ\". قالَت: فلَمّا حَلَّت ذَكَرَها رِجالٌ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"فأينَ أنتم عن أُسامَةَ؟ \". قال: فكأنَّ أهلَها كَرِهوا ذَلِكَ. قالَت: لا واللَّهِ لا أنكِحُ إلَّا الَّذِى قاله. فنَكَحَته. قال محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو: فحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- كانَت تَقولُ: يا فاطِمَةُ، اتَّقِى اللَّهَ، فقَد عَرَفتِ مِن أىِّ شىَءٍ كان ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِه دونَ قَولِ عائشةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨١٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ قَيسٍ وهِىَ أُختُ الضَّحّاكِ بنِ قَيسٍ أخبَرَته أنَّها كانَت تَحتَ أبى عمرِو ابنِ حَفصٍ فطَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا، فأَمَرَ وكيلُه لَها بنَفَقَةٍ فرَغِبَت عَنها، فقالَ لِى وكيلُه: ما لَكِ عَلَينا مِن نَفَقَةٍ. فجاءَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسألَته عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ لَها:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"امرأة\".\n(^٢) على بن حجر في حديثه (١٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٣٣)، وأبو داود (٢٢٨٧) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وليس عندهم قول عائشة.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٣٩).","vol":"16","page":65},{"text":"\"صَدَقَ\". ونَقَلَها إلَى ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، فأَنكَرَ النَّاسُ عَلَيها ما كانَت تُحَدِّثُ مِن خُروجِها قَبلَ أن تَحِلَّ (^١).\n\n١٥٨١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ ابنُ رافِعٍ واللَّفظُ له: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّ أبا عمرِو ابنَ حَفصِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ خَرَجَ مَعَ عليٍّ -﵁- إلَى اليَمَنِ، فأَرسَلَ إلَى امرأتِه فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ بتَطليقَةٍ كانَت بَقِيَت مِن طَلاقِها، وأَمَرَ لَها الحارِثُ بنُ هِشامٍ وعَيَّاشُ بنُ أبى رَبيعَةَ بنَفَقَةٍ قالا: واللهِ ما لَكِ مِن نَفَقَةٍ إلَّا أن تَكُونِي حامِلًا. فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت له قَولَهُما، فقالَ: \"لا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ\". واستأذَنَته في الانتِقالِ فأَذِنَ لَها، فقالَت: أينَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إلَى ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ\". وكانَ أعمَي، تَضَعُ ثيابَها عِندَه ولا يَراها، فلَمَّا مَضَت عِدَّتُها أنكَحَها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيها مَروانُ قَبيصَةَ بنَ ذُؤَيبٍ يَسأَلُها عن هَذا الحديثِ، فحَدَّثَته به فقالَ مَروانُ: لَم نَسمَعْ بهَذا الحديثِ إلَّا مِنِ امرأةٍ، سَنأخُذُ بالعِصمَةِ التى وجَدنا النَّاسَ عَلَيها. فقالَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂- حينَ بَلَغَها قَولُ مَروانَ: بَينِى وبَينَكُمُ القُرآنُ، قال اللهُ جلَّ وعزَّ: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٤١)، ومسلم (١٤٨٠/ عقب ٤٠)، وأبو داود (٢٢٨٩)، والنسائى (٣٥٤٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٩) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"16","page":66},{"text":"مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾. حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا﴾ [الطلاق: ١]. قالَت: هَذا لِمَن كانَت له مُراجَعَةٌ، فأَىُّ أمر يَحدُثُ بَعدَ الثَّلاثِ؟ فكَيفَ تَقولونَ: لا نَفَقَةَ لَها إذا لَم تَكُنْ حامِلًا؟ فعَلامَ تَحبِسونَها (^١)؟! رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال فى الحديثِ: فأَتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ إلَّا أن تَكونِى حامِلًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى الجَهمِ قال: جِئتُ أنا وأبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ إلَى فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ وقَد أخرَجَتِ ابنَةَ أخيها ظُهرًا، فقُلنا لَها: ما حَمَلَكِ على هَذا؟ قالَت: كان زَوجِى بَعَثَ إلَىَّ مَعَ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ بطَلاقِى ثَلاثًا فى غَزوَةِ نَجرانَ، وبَحَثَ إلَىَّ بخَمسَةِ آصُعٍ مِن شَعيرٍ وخَمسَةِ آصُعٍ مِن تَمرٍ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: أمَا لِى نَفَقَة إلَّا هَذا؟ قالَت: فجَمَعتُ علىَّ ثيابِى، فأَتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"كَم طَلَّقَكِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: ثَلاثًا. فقالَ: \"صَدَقَ، لا نَفَقَةَ لَكِ،\n_________\n(^١) إسحاق (٢٣٧٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١٢٠٢٤)، وعنه أحمد (٢٧٣٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٩٠)، وعبد الرزاق (١٢٠٢٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٢٢٢) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"16","page":67},{"text":"اعتَدِّى فى بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، تَضَعينَ عَنكِ ثيابَكِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِى وأَبِى عاصِمٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nورَواه (^٣) شُعبَةُ عن أبى بكرٍ فى النَّفَقَةِ والسُّكنَى جَميعًا (^٤).\n\n١٥٨١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا سَيّارٌ وحُصَينٌ ومُغيرَةُ بنُ مِقسَمٍ وأَشعَثُ ومُجالِدٌ وداوُدُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، كُلُّهُم عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: دَخَلتُ على فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ فسألتُها عن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَلَيها، فقالَت: طَلَّقَها زَوجُها البَتَّةَ. قالَت: فخاصَمتُه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةِ. قالَت: فلَم يَجعَلْ لِى سُكنَى ولا نَفَقَةً، وأَمَرَنِى أن أعتَدَّ فى بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٦). هَكَذا رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن الشَّعبِىِّ.\n\n١٥٨١٨ - وفِى رِوايَةِ مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لَها: \"إنَّما\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٣٨٩٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٨، ٤٩).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"ورواية\".\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٤١٥٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (١١٨٠) -وليس عنده: سيار ومغيرة وأشعث- والنسائى (٣٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٥٢) -وليس عنده: أشعث- من طريق هشيم به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٣٦) من طريق مغيرة به. وتقدم فى (١٥٠٤٣) من طريق حصين.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٢).","vol":"16","page":68},{"text":"السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ على مَن كانَت له الرَّجْعَةُ (^١) \". أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، قال: حدثنا هُشَيمٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ عن الجَماعَةِ كما مَضى، وأَتَى بهَذِه الزّيادَةِ عن مُجالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨١٩ - وفِي رِوايَةِ فِراسٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى قِصةِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قال: فاختَصَما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رَجُلٌ، أو قال: فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: قَد طَلَّقْتُها (^٣) ثَلاثًا. فقالَ: \"إنَّما السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ لِمَن كانَت عليها (^٤) رَجعَةٌ\". فأَمَرَها فاعتَدَّت عِندَ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بشرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٥٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن البَهِىِّ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِما قَيسٍ قالَت: طَلَّقَنِى زَوجِى ثَلاثًا، فلَم يَجعَلْ لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُكنَى ولا نَفَقَةً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"المراجعة\".\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٧٣٤٢)، وليس فيه ذكر الزيادة. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٠٠) من طريق مجالد به بهذه الزيادة.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"طلقها\".\n(^٤) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"عليه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٣١٨٤) عن الحسن بن على به. وأبو عوانة (٤٦٠٣)، =","vol":"16","page":69},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُلْوانِىِّ (^١).\nورَواه غَيرُ يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ كما:\n\n١٥٨٢١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شاذانُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن البَهِىِّ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لِفاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ: \"يا فاطِمَةُ، إنَّما السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ لِمَن كان لِزَوجِها [عَلَيها الرَّجعَةُ] (^٢) \". كَذا أتَى به الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ شاذانُ، والصَّحيحُ هو الأوَّلُ.\nقال الشيخُ: رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ في نَفىِ النَّفَقَةِ دونَ السُّكنَى (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ عن فاطِمَةَ (^٤)، وفِى رِوايَةِ بَعضهِم عن أبى سلمةَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الشَّعبِىِّ والبَهِى نَفيُهُما جَميعًا (^٥)، واختُلِفَ فيه على أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى الجَهمِ عن فاطِمَةَ (^٦)، والأشبَهُ بسياقِ الحديثِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَفَى النَّفَقَةَ، وأَذِنَ لَها في الانتِقالِ لِعِلَّةٍ لَعَلَّها استَحيَت مِن ذِكرِها، وقَد ذَكَرَها غَيرُها على ما قَدَّمنا\n_________\n= والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٧٧ (٩٣٢)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٥٠٩) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٢٩) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٥١).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"عليه رجعة\"، وضبب على كلمة \"عليه\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٤١٣٢، ١٤١٥٦، ١٥٥٧٣، ١٥٨٠٩، ١٥٨١٠، ١٥٨١٢، ١٥٨١٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٨١٤، ١٥٨١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٥٠٤٣، ١٥٨١١، ١٥٨١٧).\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٣٨٩٥، ١٥٨١٦).","vol":"16","page":70},{"text":"ذِكرَها في كِتابِ العِدَدِ (^١)، ولَم يُرِدْ نَفىَ السُّكنَى أصلًا، ألَا تَراه -ﷺ- لَم يَقُلْ لَها: اعتَدِّى حَيثُ شِئتِ، ولَكِنَّه حَصَّنَها حَيثُ رَضِىَ؛ إذ كان زَوجُها غائبًا، ولَم يَكُنْ له وكيلٌ بتَحْصِينِها (^٢). فأمَّا قَولُه: \"إنّما السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ لِمَن كانَت عليها (^٣) رَجعَةٌ\". فلَيسَ بمَعروفٍ في هَذا الحديثِ، ولَم يُرْوَ (^٤) مِن وجهٍ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه، وأَمّا إنكارُ مَن أنكَرَ على فاطِمَةَ -﵂- فإِنَّما هو لِكِتمانِها السَّبَبَ في نَقلِها.\n\n١٥٨٢٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فسألتُ عن أعلَمِ أهلِها، فدُفِعتُ إلَى سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ فسألتُه عن المبتوتَةِ فقالَ: تَعتَدُّ في بَيتِ زَوجِها. فقُلتُ: فأَينَ حَديثُ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ؟ فقالَ: هَاهْ. ووَصَفَ أنَّه تَغَيَّظَ وقالَ: فتَنَت فاطِمَةُ النّاسَ؛ كانَت لِلِسَانِهَا (^٥) ذَرَابَةٌ (^٦)، فاستَطالَت على أحمائِها، فأَمَرَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن تَعتَدَّ في بَيتِ ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٥٧٤ - ١٥٥٨٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"يحصنها\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"عليه\".\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يرد\".\n(^٥) في م: \"بلسانها\".\n(^٦) الذرابة: الحدة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٧) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٦٦٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٦.","vol":"16","page":71},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّىُّ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ ابنِ عباس -﵄- إذ سأْلَه رَجُل: هَل لِلمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاثًا نَفَقَةٌ؟ فقُلتُ: لَيسَ لَها نَفَقَةٌ. قالَ ابنُ عبابر: أصَبتَ يا ابنَ أخِى، أنا مَعَكَ.\n\n١٥٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: نَفَقَةُ المُطَلَّقَةِ ما لَم تَحرُمْ، فإِذا حَرُمَت فمَتاعٌ بالمعروفِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٢٥ - قالَ: أخبرَنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: لَيسَتِ المَبتوتَةُ الحُبلَى مِنه في شَئٍ، إلا أنَّه يُنفِقُ عَلَيها مِن أجلِ الحَبَلِ، فإِذا كانَت غَيرَ حُبلَى فلا نَفَقَةَ لَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3387>بابُ مَن قال: لَها النَّفَقَةُ</span>\n\n١٥٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٥٨٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٦٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٦٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٦٣)، والشافعى ٥/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٠١٥) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"16","page":72},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ زَوجَها طَلَّقَها ثَلاثًا فلَم يَجْعَلْ (^١) لَها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-[نَفَقةً ولا سُكْنَى] (^٢). قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِإبراهيمَ فقالَ إبراهيمُ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطاب -﵁-: لا نَدَعُ كِتابَ رَبِّنا وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّنا لِقَولِ امرأةٍ، لَها السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ (^٣). حَديثُ الشَّعبِىِّ أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٤)، وحَديثُ إبراهيمَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا مَوقوفًا:\n\n١٥٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه لما بَلَغَه قَولُ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ قال: لا نَدَعُ كِتابَ اللَّهِ لِقَولِ امرأةٍ لَعَلَّها نَسِيَت (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"ير\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"السكنى ولا النفقة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٨٨)، وابن حبان (٤٢٥٠) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٧٣٢٦)، والنسائى (٣٤٠٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٤).\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤، ٢٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٨٨٥٨) عن ابن فضيل به. والدارمى (٢٣٢٤) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"16","page":73},{"text":"كَذَلِكَ رَواه أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ عن الأعمَشِ مَوقوفًا (^١).\nورَواه أشعَثُ عن الحَكَمِ وحَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال فيه: وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّنا (^٢). وأَشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مَوصولًا مُسنَدًا:\n\n١٥٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ بنِ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عِصامِ بنِ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأسَدِىُّ وهو أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ جالِسًا في المَسجِدِ الأعظَمِ ومعنا الشَّعبِىُّ، فحَدَّثَ الشَّعبِىُّ بحَديثِ فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَجعَلْ لَها سُكنَى ولا نَفَقَةً. فأَخَذَ الأسوَدُ كَفًّا مِن حَصًى فحَصَبَه، ثُمَّ قال: وَيْلَكَ (^٤) تُحَدِّثُ بمِثلِ هَذا؟! قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: لا نَترُكُ كِتابَ اللهِ وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّنا -ﷺ- لِقَولِ امرأةٍ لا نَدرِى حَفِظَت أو نَسِيَت، لَها السُّكنَى والنَّفَقَةُ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ﴾ (^٥) [الطلاق: ١] رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣، ٢٧ من طريق أسباط به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٣٢٢)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧ من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٢٦٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"ويحك\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٥. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٦١٥) عن أحمد بن عصام به. وأبو داود (٢٢٩١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٦٧، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٥٠٤) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به.","vol":"16","page":74},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَبَلَةَ عن أبى أحمدَ (^١).\nوقَد رَواه يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ عن عَمّارِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ في النُّقلَةِ دونَ النَّفَقَةِ ولَم يَقُلْ فيه: وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّنا. وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه في كِتابِ العِدَدِ (^٢).\nقال لِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ: قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ: هَذا أصَحُّ مِنَ الَّذِى قَبلَه؛ لأنَّ هَذا الكَلامَ لا يَثبُتُ، ويَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ أحفَظُ مِن أبى أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىِّ وأَثبَتُ مِنه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ، وقَد تابَعَه قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ فرَواه عن عَمّارِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ مِثلَ قَولِ يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ سَواءً، ورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الخَليلِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال فيه: وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّنا. والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروك (^٣). فالأشبَهُ بما رُوِّينا عن عائشةَ -﵂- وغَيرِها في الإنكارِ على فاطِمَةَ بنتِ قَيسٍ أنه إنَّما أُنْكِرَ (^٤) عَلَيها النُّقلَةُ مِن غَيرِ سَبَبٍ دونَ النَّفَقَةِ، وهو الأشبَهُ بما احتُجَّ به مِنَ الآيَةِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ما نَعلَمُ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكرَ نَفَقَةٍ؛ إنَّما في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ذِكرُ السُّكنَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٨٠/ ٤٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٥٥٦٦).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦، ٢٧. وتقدم الكلام على الحسن بن عمارة في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) في م: \"أنكرت\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٥٩).","vol":"16","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3388>جماعُ أبوابِ النَّفَقَةِ على الأقارِبِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3389>بابُ النَّفَقَةِ على الأولادِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣]. وقالَ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ [الطلاق: ٦].\n\n١٥٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصفهانِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ هِندًا قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ، فهَل علىَّ جُناحٌ أن آخُذَ مِن مالِه شَيئًا؟ قال: \"خُذِى ما يَكفيكِ ووَلَدَكِ بالمعروفِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمِّ بنِ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَثَّ على الصَّدَقَةِ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: عِندِى دينار. فقال: \"أنفِقْه على نَفسِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على ولَدِكَ\". قال: عِندِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٩١٩). وتقدم في (١٥٧٨٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢١١)، ومسلم (١٧١٤/ ٧، وعقبه).","vol":"16","page":76},{"text":"آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على زَوجَتِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنفِقْه على خادِمِكَ\". قال: عِندِى آخَرُ. قال: \"أنتَ أبصَرُ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ قُرْقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ (^٢)، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه أنَّ عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: جاءَتنِى امرأةٌ ومَعَها ابنَتانِ لَها تَسأَلُنِى، فلَم تَجِدْ عِندِى شَيئًا غَيرَ تَمرَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، فأَعطَيتُها إيّاها، فأَخَذَتها فشَقَّتها بَينَ ابنَتَيها ولَم تأكُلْ مِنها شَيئًا، ثُمَّ قامَت فخَرَجَت وابنَتَاهَا، فدَخَلَ علىَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فحَدَّثتُه حَديثَها، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ ابتُلِىَ مِنَ البَناتِ بشَئ فأَحسَنَ إلَيهِنَّ كُنَّ سِترًا له مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٥٧٨٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٨، والشعب، والآداب: \"بهمدان\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٢٣٣). وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٤١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠١٩)، والآداب (١٧)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٢) من طريق شعيب به. والترمذى (١٩١٥) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٩٩٥)، ومسلم (٢٦٢٩/ ١٤٧).","vol":"16","page":77},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هَل لِى أجرٌ في بَنِى أبى سلمةَ، أُنفِقُ عَلَيهِم ولَستُ بتارِكَتِهِم هَكَذا وهَكَذا، إنَّما هُم بَنِىَّ؟ فقال: \"نَعَم لَكِ فيهِم أجرٌ ما أنقَقتِ عَلَيهِم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3390>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٣]\n\n١٥٨٣٣ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجد، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ وعَمَّن حَدَّثَه عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- في قَولِه: ﴿وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ﴾ قالا (^٣): ألَّا يُضارَّ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٠٩) عن أبى أسامة به. وتقدم في (٧٨٣٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٠١/ ٤٧)، وا لبخارى (١٤٦٧، ٥٣٦٩).\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٨٢)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢٢٩١) من طريق أشعث عن الشعبى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٧٧) من طريق أشعث عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس.","vol":"16","page":78},{"text":"ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ﴾ قال: يَعنِى الوالِداتِ المُطَلَّقاتِ. ﴿لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا﴾ يقولُ: لا تأبَى أن تُرضِعَه ضِرارًا يَشُقُّ على أبيه ﴿وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ﴾ يقولُ: ولا يُضارَّ الوالِدُ بوَلَدِه فيَمنَعَ أُمَّه أن تُرضِعَه ليُحزِنَها بذَلِكَ. ﴿وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ﴾ قال: يَعنِى الوَلِىَّ مَن كان. ﴿فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ﴾ غَيرَ مُسيئينَ في ظُلمِ أنفُسِهِما ولا إلَى صبيِّهِما دونَ الحَولَينِ فلا جُناحَ عَلَيهِما. ﴿وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ﴾ خِيفَةَ الضَّيعَةِ على الصَّبِىِّ. ﴿فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَا آتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ يَعنِى: بحِسابِ ما أُرضِعَ الصَّبِىُّ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- جَبَرَ (^٢) عَصَبَةَ صَبِىٍّ أن يُنفِقوا عَلَيه، الرِّجالَ دونَ النِّساءِ (^٣).\nورَواه لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن رَجُلٍ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٣٧. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٢٢٤، ٢٤١ - في تفسير ﴿وعلى الوارث﴾، ﴿وإن أردتم﴾. وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٢٢٦١، ٢٢٧٧، ٢٢٨٣، ٢٢٩٣، ٢٣٠٠، ٢٣٠٥) -دون تفسير: ﴿وعلى الوارث﴾ - من طريق ورقاء به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٥٩٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٧٢)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٨٦٦) في تفسير ﴿وعلى الوارث﴾ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"خير\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٨٥). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٥٩٥)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٨٦٨) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":79},{"text":"الخطابِ -﵁- جَبَرَ (^١) عَمًّا على رَضاعِ ابنِ أخيهِ (^٢). وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٥٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىَّ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أغرَمَ ثَلاثَةً كُلُّهُم يَرِثُ الصَّبِىَّ أجرَ رَضاعِهِ (^٣). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3391>بابُ نَفَقَةِ الأبَوَينِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَحْمِشُ بنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَبُوكَ، فمَرَّ بنا شابٌّ نَشيطٌ يَسوقُ غُنَيمَةً له، فقُلنا: لَو كان شَبابُ هَذا أو نَشاطُه في سَبيلِ اللهِ كان خَيرًا له مِنها. فأَنْهَى (^٤) قَولُنا حَتَّى بَلَغَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما قُلتُم؟ \". قُلنا: كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"أمَا إنَّه إن كان يَسعَى على والِدَيه أو أحَدِهِما فهو في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وإن كان يَسعَى على عيالٍ يَكفُّهُم (^٥) فهو في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، وإن كان يَسعَى على نَفسِه فهو في\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"خير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٨٢) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٨٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢١٨٤) -ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٢٢٥ - عن معمر به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"فانتهى\".\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يكفيهم\".","vol":"16","page":80},{"text":"سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ على بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا علىُّ ابنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا شَريك، عن مَغراءَ العَبدِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: مَرَّ بهِم رَجُلٌ فتَعَجَّبوا مِن خَلْقِه فقالوا: لَو كان هَذا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ؟ فأَتَوُا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إن كان يَسعَى على أبَوَيه شَيخَينِ كَبيرَينِ فهو في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وإن كان يَسعَى على ولَدٍ صِغارٍ فهو في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ تعَالى، وإن كان يَسعَى على نَفسِه ليُغنيَها (^٢) فهو في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ (^٤)، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَمَّتِه أنَّها سألَت عائشةَ -﵂-: في حَجرِى يَتيم، فآكُلُ مِن مالِه؟ فقالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ (^٥) أطيَبَ ما أكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِن كَسبِه، ووَلَدُه مِن\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٨١: هذا حديث غريب.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"ليعينها\"، وفى م: \"ليغنها\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٢٠). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٢٣٠٥) من طريق على بن حكيم. وعندهم: شريك عن الأعمش عن مغراء. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٠٨١: مغراء شيخ صالح الحديث، روى عنه الأعمش أيضا، وهذا الحديث يرويه على بن حكيم الأودى عن شريك.\n(^٤) في س: \"بكير\"، وفى ص ٨: \"بكر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"من\".","vol":"16","page":81},{"text":"كَسبِه\" (^١). وقَد قيلَ: عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن أُمِّه عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n١٥٨٤٠ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ولَدُ الرَّجُلِ مِن كَسبِه، مِن أطيَبِ كَسبِه، فكُلوا مِن أموالِهِم\" (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن إبراهيمَ عن \"الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- وزادَ فيه: \"إذا احتَجتُم إلَيه\". وهو مُنكَرٌ. قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ ابنُ مَحمودٍ الحافظُ بمَروَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ الصّائغِ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أولادَكُم هِبَةُ اللهِ لَكُم ﴿يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٣٢)، والنسائى (٤٤٦١) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٤٢٥٩) من طريق منصور به. والترمذى (١٣٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٠) من طريق عمارة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٦٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٥١)، وأبو داود (٣٥٢٩) من طربق شعبة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠١٤).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٥٢٩).\nوبعده في الأصل: \"وخالف منصور في إسناده فرواه عن إبراهيم\". وكتب فوقها: \"لا إلى\".","vol":"16","page":82},{"text":"إِنَاثًا وَيَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ الذُّكُورَ﴾ [الشورى: ٤٩]. فهُم وأَموالُهُم لَكُم إذا احتَجتُم إلَيها\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ المُبارَكِ عن حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂-: \"فهُم وأَموالُهُم لَكُم إذا احتَجتُم إليهم (^٢) \". فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى به سفيانُ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ. قال سفيانُ: وهَذا وهْمٌ مِن حَمّادٍ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: سألتُ أصحابَ سُفيانَ عن هَذا الحديثِ فلَم يَحفَظوا. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وهَذا مِن حَديثِه عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، لَيسَ فيه الأسوَدُ، ولَيسَ فيه: \"إذا احتَجتُم\".\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوىَ عن الأعمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشةَ -﵂- دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ، وهو بهَذا الإسنادِ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ:\n\n١٥٨٤٣ - أخبَرَناه الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رِزْمُويَه، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٤، وصححه ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"إليها\".","vol":"16","page":83},{"text":"أطيَبَ ما أكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِن كَسبِه، ووَلَدُه مِن كَسبِه\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢)، فاللهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\nورُوىَ عن مَطَرٍ عن الحَكَمِ عن إبراهيمَ عن شُرَيحٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤)، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n١٥٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ الخُراسانِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ اْعرابيًّا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ أبى يُريدُ أن يَجتاحَ مالِى. قال: \"أنتَ ومالُكَ لِوالِدِكَ؛ إنَّ أطيَبَ ما أكَلتُم مِن كَسبِكُم فكُلوه هَنيئًا\" (^٥).\n\n١٥٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عَفانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢١٣٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والنسائى (٤٤٦٣، ٤٤٦٤) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٤١٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١٤٨) عن يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٣) إلى هنا ينتهى الجزء السابع من نسخة الأصل، وأول الثامن مفقود إلى (١٥٩٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٢٧٨٣) من طريق مطر به.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٧٨) عن يحيى القطان به. وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٢) من طريق عمرو به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٨٥٦).","vol":"16","page":84},{"text":"أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: إنَّ لِى مالًا ووَلَدًا، وإِنَّ والِدِى يُريدُ أن يَجتاحَ مالِى. فَقالَ: \"أنتَ ومالُكَ لأبيكَ؛ إنَّ أولادَكُم مِن أطيَبِ كَسبِكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لِى مالًا ووَلَدًا، وإِنَّ والِدِى يَجتاحُ (^٢) مالِى. قال: \"أنتَ ومالُكَ لِوالِدِكَ؛ إنَّ أولادَكُم مِن أطيَبِ كَسبِكُم، فكُلوا مِن كَسبِ أولادِكُم\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لِى مالا وعيالًا، وإِنَّ لأبِى مالًا وعيالًا، يُريدُ أن يأخُذَ مالِى فيُطعِمَه عيالَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنتَ ومالُكَ لأبيكَ\" (^٤). هَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوىَ مَوصولًا مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ، ولا يَثبُتُ مِثْلُها.\n\n١٥٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الجَمّالُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ الصّائغُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٠١) عن عفان به.\n(^٢) في س، وسنن أبى داود: \"يحتاج\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٣٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠١٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٦٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٠١٨) من طريق ابن المنكدر به.","vol":"16","page":85},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى المُنكَدِرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: مَن زَعَمَ أنَّ مالَ الوَلَدِ لأبيه احتَجَّ بظاهِرِ هَذا الحديثِ، ومَن زَعَمَ أنَّ له مِن مالِه ما يَكفيه إذا احتاجَ إلَيه، فإِذا استَغنَى عنه لَم يَكُنْ لِلأبِ مِن مالِه شَئٌ، احتَجَّ بالأخبارِ التى ورَدَت في تَحريمِ مالِ الغَيرِ، وأنَّه لَو ماتَ ولَه ابنٌ لَم يَكُنْ لِلأبِ مِن مالِه إلا السُّدُسُ، ولَو كان أبوه يَملِكُ مالَ ابنِه لَحازَه كُلَّه.\n\n١٥٨٤٩ - ويُروَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"كُلُّ أحَدٍ أحَقُّ بمالِه مِن والِدِه ووَلَدِه والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى، عن حِبَّانَ (^٢) بنِ أبى جَبَلَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٢٩١) من طريق ابن المنكدر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحح ابن ماجه (١٨٥٥).\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"حيان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٣٣٢، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٢٧٨. وتقدم على الصواب في (١٧٦٧).\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢٣٠. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٩٣)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٥ من طريق هشيم به، زاد سعيد في روايته: عن الحسن مرسلا. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٨٣: لم يصح مع انقطاعه. وسيأتى في (٢١٦٤٤).","vol":"16","page":86},{"text":"العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا الفَيضُ بنُ وثيقٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ زيادٍ الطّائىِّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمِ قال: حَضَرتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ الله، هَذا يُريدُ أن يأخُذَ مالِى كُلَّه ويَجتاحَه. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: إنَّما لَكَ مِن مالِه ما يَكفيكَ. فقالَ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ، ألَيسَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنتَ ومالُكَ لأبيكَ؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: ارضَ بما رَضِىَ اللَّهُ بهِ (^١).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن المُنذِرِ بنِ زيادٍ وقالَ فيه: إنَّما يَعنِى بذَلِكَ النَّفَقَةَ. والمُنذِرُ ابنُ زيادٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3392>بابٌ: مَن أحَقُّ مِنهُما بحُسنِ الصُّحبَةِ</span>؟\n\n١٥٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أىُّ النّاسِ أحَقُّ مِنِّى بحُسنِ الصُّحبَةِ؟ قال: \"أُمُّكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أُمُّكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُم أُمُّكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أبوكَ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٠٦)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٧٠) من طريق الفيض بن وثيق به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٨٣: وفيض كذَّبه يحيى بن معين.\n(^٢) هو المنذر بن زياد الطائى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الكبير للعقيلى ٤/ ١٩٩، والمجروحين ٣/ ٣٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٨١، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٤٩٦، ٦/ ٨٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣٤٤) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به. وابن ماجه -كما في تحفة الأشراف =","vol":"16","page":87},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِاللهِ الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، مَن أبَرُّ؟ قال: \"أُمَّكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أباكَ، ثُمَّ الأقرَبَ فالأقرَبَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3393>بابُ الأبَوَينِ إذا افتَرَقا وهُما في قَريَةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\nفالأُمُّ أحَقُّ بوَلَدِها ما لَم تتَزَوَّجْ وكانوا صِغارًا، فإِذا بَلَغَ أحَدُهُم سَبعَ سِنينَ أو ثَمانِ سِنينَ وهو يَعقِلُ خُيِّرَ بَينَ أبيه وأُمِّه فكانَ عِندَ أيُّهِما اختارَ.\n\n١٥٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، قال أبو محمدٍ: أظُنُّه عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ\n_________\n= (١٤٨٩٣، ١٤٩٠٥) من طريق عبد الله بن شبرمة به. وابن حبان (٤٣٣، ٤٣٤) من طريق أبى زرعة به.\n(^١) البخارى عقب (٥٩٧١) تعليقًا، ومسلم (٢٥٤٨/ ٣). وينظر فتح البارى ١٠/ ٤٠١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٨٣٨).","vol":"16","page":88},{"text":"مَعروفٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَيَّرَ غُلامًا بَينَ أبيه وأُمِّهِ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضحّاكُ يَعنِى ابنَ مَخلَدٍ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ وأبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى زيادٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أُسامَةَ، أن أبا مَيمونَةَ -سُلَيمٌ مَولًى مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، رَجُلُ صِدقٍ- قال: بَينَما أنا جالِسٌ مَعَ أبى هريرةَ جاءَتِ امرأةٌ فارِسيَّةٌ مَعَها ابنٌ لها فادَّعَياه وقَد طَلَّقَها زَوجُها، فقالَت: يا أبا هريرةَ -رَطَنَت بالفارِسيَّةِ- زَوجِى يُريدُ أن يَذهَبَ بابنِى. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: استَهِما عَلَيه. ورَطَنَ لها بذَلِكَ، فجاءَ زَوجُها فقالَ: مَن يُحاقُّنِى في ولَدِى؟ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى لا أقولُ هذا إلَّا أنِّى سَمِعتُ امرأةً جاءَت إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأنا قاعِدٌ عِندَه قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ زَوجِى يُريدُ أن يَذهَبَ بابنِى وقَد سَقانِى مِن بئرِ أبى عِنَبَةَ (^٢) وقَد نَفَعَنِى. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"استَهِما عَلَيه\". فقالَ زَوجُها: مَن يُحاقُّنِى في ولَدِى؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هذا أبوكَ وهَذِه أُمُّكَ، فخُذ بيَدِ أيِّهِما شِئتَ\". فأخَذَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٧١)، والشافعى ٥/ ٩٢، وأبو يعلى (٦١٣١). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٥١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وأحمد (٧٣٥٢) من طريق زياد بن سعد به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) بئر أبى عنبة: بئر بينها وبين مدينة رسول الله -ﷺ- مقدار ميل. معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٣٤.","vol":"16","page":89},{"text":"بيَدِ أُمِّه فانطَلَقَت بهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِيِّ. وحَديثُ ابنِ بِشْرانَ أقصَرُ مِنه، والمَعنَى واحِدٌ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَد طَلَّقَها زَوجُها، فأرادَت أن تأخُذَ ولَدَها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"استَهِما\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: مَن يَحولُ بَينِى وبَينَ ولَدِى؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلاِبنِ: \"اختَرْ أَيُّهُما شِئتَ\". فاختارَ أُمَّه فذَهَبَت بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى رافِعُ بنُ سِنانٍ أنَّه أسلَمَ وأبَتِ امرأتُه أن تُسلِمَ، فأتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَتِ: ابنَتِى وهِىَ فطيمٌ. وقالَ رافِعٌ: ابنَتى. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِرافِعٍ: \"اقعُدْ ناحيَةً\". وقالَ لامرأتِه: \"اقعُدِى ناحيَةً\". قال: وأقعَدَ الصَّبيَّةَ بَينَهُما ثُمَّ قال: \"ادعواها\". فمالَتِ الصَّبيَّةُ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٧٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١٢٦١١، ١٢٦١٢). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٩٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٤٤)، وأحمد (٩٧٧١) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"16","page":90},{"text":"أُمِّها، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ اهدِها\". فمالَت إلَى أبيها فأخَذَها (^١). رافِعُ بنُ سِنانٍ جَدُّ عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ.\n\n١٥٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الجَرمِىِّ، عن عُمارَةَ الجَرمِىِّ قال: خَيَّرَنِى علىٌّ -﵁- بَينَ أُمِّى وعَمِّى، ثُمَّ قال لأخٍ لِى أصغَرَ مِنِّى: وهَذا أيضًا لَو قَد بَلَغَ مَبلَغَ هذا لَخَيَّرتُه (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٥٨ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال إبراهيمُ: عن يونُسَ، عن عُمارَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- مِثلَه. وقالَ في الحَديثِ: وكُنتُ ابنَ سَبعٍ أو ثَمانِ سِنينَ (^٣).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ -ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ في مَسموعِنا- عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بن أبى المُهاجِرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- خَيَّرَ غُلامًا بَينَ أبيه وأُمِّهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٢٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن موسى به. وأحمد (٢٣٧٥٧) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٦٣٨٥) ص طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحح أبى داود (١٩٦٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٠)، والمعرفة (٤٧٧٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٩٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٧٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٠)، والمعرفة عقب (٤٧٧٢)، والشافعى ٥/ ٩٢.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٧٧٢). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٧٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٣٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٦٠٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن عبيد الله به.","vol":"16","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3394>بابُ الأُمّ تَتَزَوَّجُ فيَسقُطُ حَقُّها مِن حَضانَةِ الوَلَدِ ويَنتَقِلُ إلَى جَدَّتِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عمرٍو الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن امرأةً قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ ابنِى هذا كان بَطنى له وعاءً، وثَديِى له سِقاءً، وحَجرِى له حِوَاءً، وإِنَّ أباه طَلَّقَنِى وأرادَ أن يَنزِعَه مِنِّى. فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنتِ أحَقُّ به (^١) ما لَم تَنكِحِى\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: قَضَى أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵄- لِجَدَّةِ ابنِه عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بحَضانَتِه حَتَّى يَبلُغَ، وأُمُّ عاصِمٍ يَومَئذٍ حَيَّةٌ مُتَزَوِّجَةٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بحضانته\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٠٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٧٦) من طريق محمود بن خالد به. وأحمد (٦٧٠٧) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩١).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٤٦).","vol":"16","page":92},{"text":"١٥٨٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: كانَت عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فوَلَدَت له عاصِمَ بنَ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ فارَقَها عُمَرُ -﵁-، فرَكِبَ يَومًا إلَى قُباءَ، فوَجَدَ ابنَه يَلعَبُ بفِناءِ المَسجِدِ، فأخَذَ بعَضُدِه فوَضَعَه بَينَ يَدَيه على الدّابَّةِ، فأدرَكَته جَدَّةُ الغُلامِ فنازَعَته إيّاه، فأقبَلا حَتَّى أتَيا أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁-، فقالَ عُمَرُ: ابنِى. وقالَتِ المَرأةُ: ابنِى. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: خَلِّ بَينَها وبَينَه. فما راجَعَه عُمَرُ الكَلامَ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المَحمودِىُّ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- طَلَّقَ أُمَّ عاصِمٍ، فكانَ في حَجرِ جَدَّتِه، فخاصَمَته إلَى أبى بكرٍ -﵁-، فقَضَى أن يَكونَ الوَلَدُ مَعَ جَدَّتِه، والنَّفَقَةُ على عُمَرَ -﵁-، وقالَ: هِىَ أحَقُّ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٦٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٦٠٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٢٦٩، ٢٢٧٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٤٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٢٣٣ من طريق أبى موسى به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٢٧١)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٣٤٥) من طريق مجالد دون ذكر مسروق.","vol":"16","page":93},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى غُفرَةَ أنَّه أخبَرَه عن زَيدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ جاريَةَ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- حينَ خاصَمَ إلَى أبى بكرٍ -﵁- في ابنِه، فقَضَى به أبو بكرٍ -﵁- لأُمَه، ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تُوَلَّهُ (^١) والِدَة عن ولَدِها\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3395>بابٌ: الخالَةُ أحَقُّ بالحَضانَةِ مِنَ العَصَبَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: اعتَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في ذِى القَعدَةِ، فأبَى أهلُ مَكَّةَ أن يَدَعوه يَدخُلُ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى قاضاهُم على أن يُقيمَ بها ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، فلَمّا كَتَبوا الكِتابَ كَتَبوا: هذا ما قاضَى عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ. فقالوا: لا نُقِرُّ بهَذا، لَو نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ ما مَنَعناكَ شَيئًا، ولَكِن أنتَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ. قال: \"أنا رسولُ اللهِ، وأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، يا علىُّ امحُ رسولَ اللهِ\". قال: واللهِ لا أمحوكَ أبَدًا. فأخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الكِتابَ ولَيسَ يُحسِنُ يَكتُبُ مَكانَ رسولِ اللهِ، فكَتَبَ: هذا ما قاضَى عَلَيه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ؛ ألَّا يُدخِلَ مَكَّةَ السِّلاحَ إلَّا السَّيفَ في القِرابِ، وألا يُخرِجَ مِن أهلِها أحَدًا أرادَ أن يَتبَعَه، وألَّا يَمنَعَ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِه أرادَ أن يُقيمَ بها. فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) لا تُولَّه: أى لا تخرج إلى الوله الذى يغلب على العقل بالتفريق بينها وبينه. ينظر فيض القدير ٦/ ٥٤٨.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن ماكولا في الإكمال ٢/ ٥ من طريق آخر عن زيد بن إسحاق بن جارية.","vol":"16","page":94},{"text":"دَخَلَها ومَضَى الأجَلُ أتَوْا عَليًّا -﵁- فقالوا: قُلْ لِصاحِبِكَ فليَخرُجْ عَنّا؛ فقَد مَضَى الأجَلُ. فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فتَبِعَتْهُمُ ابنَةُ حَمزَةَ فنادَت: يا عَمِّ، يا عَمِّ. فتَناوَلَها علىٌّ -﵁-، فأخَذَ بيَدِها، وقالَ لِفاطِمَةَ ﵍: دونَكِ. فحَمَلَتها، فاختَصَمَ فيها عليٌّ وزَيدٌ وجَعفَر -﵃-، فقالَ علىٌّ: أنا أخَذتُها وهِىَ بنتُ عَمِّى. قال جَعفَرٌ: ابنَةُ عَمِّى وخالَتُها تَحتِى. وقالَ زَيدٌ: ابنَةُ أخِى. فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِخالَتِها، وقالَ: \"الخالَةُ بمَنزِلَةِ الأُمِّ\". وقالَ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵃-: \"أنتَ مِنِّى وأنا مِنكَ\". وقالَ لِجَعفَرٍ -﵁-: \"أشبَهتَ خَلْقِى وخُلُقِى\". وَقالَ لِزَيدٍ -﵁-: \"أنتَ أخونا ومَولانا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى عن إسرائيلَ مُدرَجًا.\nورَوَى إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن إسرائيلَ قِصَّةَ ابنَةِ حَمزَةَ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن هانِئِ بنِ هانِئْ وهُبَيرَةَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواها عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى مَرَّةً أُخرَى مُنفَرِدَةً.\nورَواه زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ وغَيرُه عن أبى إسحاقَ كما:\n\n١٥٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٥)، والدلائل ٤/ ٣٣٧. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٠٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٥٧٨)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (١٨٦٣٥، ١٨٦٣٦) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٩٩، ٤٢٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٨٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٤٥٦) من طريق إسرائيل به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩٥).","vol":"16","page":95},{"text":"أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى وغَيرُه، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: أقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ في عُمرَةِ القَضاءِ، فلَمّا كان اليومُ الثّالِثُ قالوا لِعَلِيِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: إنَّ هذا آخِرُ يَومٍ مِن شَرطِ صاحِبِكَ؛ فمُرْه فليَخرُجْ. فحَدَّثَه بذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". فخَرَجَ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٦٦ - قال أبو إسحاقَ: وحَدَّثَنِى هانِىُّ بنُ هانِئٍ وهُبَيرَةُ بنُ يَريمَ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: فاتَّبَعَتهُ ابنَةُ حَمزَةَ تُنادِى: يا عَمِّ، يا عَمِّ. فتَناوَلَها علىٌّ -﵁- فأخَذَ بيَدِها، وقالَ لِفاطِمَةَ ﵍: دونَكِ ابنَةَ عَمِّكِ. فحَمَلَتها، فاختَصمَ فيها علىٌّ وزيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵃-، فقالَ علىٌّ -﵁-: أنا أخَذتُها وبِنتُ عَمِّى. وقالَ جَعفَرٌ: بنتُ عَمِّى، وخالَتُها عِندِى. وقالَ زَيدٌ: ابنَةُ أخِى. فقَضَى بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِخالَتِها وقالَ: \"الخالَةُ بمَنزِلَةِ الأُمِّ\". وقالَ لِزَيدٍ: \"أنتَ أخونا ومَولانا\". فحَجَلَ (^٢)، وقالَ لِجَعفَرٍ: \"أنتَ أشبَهُهُم بى خَلْقًا وخُلُقًا\". فحَجَلَ وراءَ حَجْلِ زَيدٍ، ثُمَّ قال لِى: \"أنتَ مِنِّى وأنا مِنكَ\". فحَجَلتُ وراءَ حَجْلِ جَعفَرٍ. قال: وقُلتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: ألا تتَزَوَّجُ بنتَ حَمزَةَ؟\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٧٩٨) من طريق أسد بن موسى به. ومسلم (١٧٨٣/ ٩٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٦٩) من طريق زكريا بن أبى زائدة به.\n(^٢) الحجل: أى يرفع رجلًا ويقفز على الأخرى من الفرح، وقد يكون بالرجلين معًا، إلا أنه قفز وليس بمشى. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ١٨٢، ١٨٣.","vol":"16","page":96},{"text":"قال: \"إنَّها ابنَةُ أخِى مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ\" (^١).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن تَكونَ رِوايَةُ أبى إسحاقَ عن البَراءِ في قِصَّةِ ابنَةِ حَمزَةَ مُختَصَرَةً كما رُوِّينا، ثُمَّ رَواها عَنهُما عن علىٍّ -﵁- أتَمَّ مِن ذَلِكَ كما رُوِّينا، فقِصَّةُ الحَجْلِ في رِوايَتِهِما دونَ رِوايَةِ البَراءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوّينا هذه القِصَّةَ أيضًا عن محمدِ بنِ نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ عن أبيه عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-:\n\n١٥٨٦٧ - حَدَّثَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ، عن أبيه نافِعٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- في قِصَّةِ بنتِ حَمزة قال: فقالَ جَعفَرٌ -﵁-: أنا أحَقُّ بها؛ فإِنَّ خالَتَها عِندِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا الجاريَةُ فأقضِى بها لِجَعفَرٍ؛ فإِنَّ خالَتَها عِندَه، وإِنَّما الخالَةُ أُمٌّ\" (^٢). هَكَذا حَدَّثَناه.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣). وهو في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٠٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٠٧٨) عن زكريا بن أبى زائدة دون ذكر هبيرة. وأحمد (٧٧٠، ٩٣١)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٤٥٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢١١، وصححه. وأخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٥٠، والبزار (٨٩١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردى به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٠٨٢) من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد الله به.","vol":"16","page":97},{"text":"كِتابِ \"سنن أبى داود\" عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ العَظيمِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^١). فاللهُ أعلَمُ. والَّذِى عِندَنا أن الأوَّلَ أصَحُّ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الأُوَيسِىُّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٢٧٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٩٣).","vol":"16","page":98},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3396>جماعُ أبوابِ نَفَقَةِ المَماليكِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3397>بابُ ما على مالكِ المَملوكِ مِن طَعامِ المَملوكِ وكِسوَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أن بُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجِّ حَدَّثَه عن العَجلانِ مَولَى فاطِمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لِلمملوكِ طَعامُه وكِسوَئه، ولا يكَلَّفُ مِنَ العَمَلِ ما لا يُطيق\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن بُكَيرِ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عَجلانَ أبى محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لِلمَملوكِ طَعامُه وكِسوَتُه بالمَعروفِ، ولا يكَلَّفُ مِنَ العَمَلِ إلَّا ما يطيق\" (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبى الرُّطَيلِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٦٥) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٦٢/ ٤١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٧٦)، والآداب (٧١)، والشافعى في مسنده (٢١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٦٤)، وابن حبان (٤٣١٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٩٢، ١٩٣) من طريق ابن عجلان به. وسيأتى في (١٥٨٧٩).","vol":"16","page":99},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبجَرَ، عن أبيه (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أيّوبَ المُخَزَمِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَرمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبجَرَ، عن أبيه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن خَيثَمَةَ بنِ عبدِالزَحمَنِ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو إذ جاءَ قَهرَمانٌ (^١) له فدَخَلَ، فقالَ: أعطَيتَ الرَّقيقَ قوْتَهُم؟ قال: لا. قال: فانطَلِقْ وأعطِهِم. وقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كفَى بالمُؤمِنِ إثمًا أن يَحبِسَ عَمَّن يَملِكُ قوتَه\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ محمدٍ الجَرمِىِّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3398>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَسويَةِ المالِكِ بَينَ طَعامِه وطَعامِ رَقيقِه وبَينَ كِسوَتِه وكِسوَةِ رَقيقِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ قال: لَقِينا أبا ذَرٍّ بالزَبَذَةِ عَلَيه ثَوبٌ وعَلَى غُلامِه مِثلُه، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ، لَو أخَذتَ هذا الثَّوبَ مِن غُلامِكَ فلَبِستَه فكانَت\n_________\n(^١) قهرمان: هو كالخازن والقائم بأمور الرجل، والقهرمان: المتعاهد الحفيظ على ما تحت يده، قالوا: وهو الوكيل بلغة الفرس. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٤٤). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٩٩)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤١) من طريق سعيد بن محمد الجرمى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٩٦/ ٤٠).","vol":"16","page":100},{"text":"حُلَّةً، وكَسَوتَ غُلامَكَ ثَوبًا آخَرَ. فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"هُم إخوانُكُم، جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحتَ أيديكُم، فمَن كان أخوه تَحتَ يَدَيه فليُطعِمْه مِمّا يأكُلُ وليَكسُه مِمّا يَلبَسُ، ولا يُكَلِّفْه ما يَغلِبُه، فإِن كَلَّفَه فليُعِنْه\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ هو ابنُ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن المَعرورِ قال: قَدِمنا الرَّبَذَةَ فأتَينا أبا ذَرٍّ، فإِذا عَلَيه حُلَّةٌ وإِذا على غُلامِه أُخرَى. قال: فقُلنا: لَو كَسَوتَ غُلامَكَ غَيرَ هذا وجَمَعتَ بَينَهُما فكانَت حُلَّةً؟ قال: فقالَ: سأحَدِّثُكُم عن هذا؛ إنِّى سابَبتُ رَجُلًا وكانَت أُمُّه أعجَميَّةً فنِلْتُ مِنها، فأتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فشَكانِى إلَيه، فقالَ لِى: \"أسابَبتَ فُلانًا؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فهَل ذَكَرتَ أُمَّهُ\". فقُلتُ: مَن يُسابِبِ الرِّجالَ ذُكِرَ أبوه وأُمُّه يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"إنَّكَ امرُؤ فيكَ جاهِليَّةٌ\". قال: قُلتُ: على ساعَتِى مِنَ الكِبَرِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، إنَّما هُم إخوانُكُم، جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَحتَ أيديكُم، فمَن كان أخوه تَحتَ يَدِه فليطعِمْه مِن طَعامِه، وليلبِسْه مِن لِباسِه، ولا يُكَلِّفْه ما يَغلِبُه، فإِن كَلَّفَه ما يَغلِبُه فليُعِنْه عَلَيه\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٨)، والأربعين الصغرى (٨٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٦٨) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأبو داود (٥١٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٩٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٠٥٠)، ومسلم (١٦٦١/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٦٩، ٦٠٧٠) من طريق زهير به. وأبو داود (٥١٥٧) من طريق الأعمش به. =","vol":"16","page":101},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياس، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا واصِلٌ الأحدَبُ قال: سَمِعتُ المَعرورَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ يقولُ: رأيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ الغِفارِىَّ -﵁- وعَلَيه حُلَّةٌ وعَلَى غُلامِه حُلَّةٌ، فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: إنِّى سابَبتُ رَجُلًا فشَكانِى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعَيَّرتَه بأُمِّهِ؟ \". ثُمَّ قال لى: \"إنَّ إخوانَكم جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ تَحتَ أيديكُم، فمَن كان أخوه تَحتَ يَدِه فليُطعِمْه مِمّا يأكُلُ، وليُلبِسْه مِمّا يَلبَسُ، ولا تُكَلِّفوهُم ما يَغلِبُهُم، فإِن كَلَّفتُموهُم ما يَغلِبُهُم فأعينوهُم عَلَيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن موَرِّقٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لايَمَكُم (^٤) مِن\n_________\n= وينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٦١/ ٣٩)، والبخارى (٦٠٥٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٣٢) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (١٩٤٥) من طريق واصل الأحدب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٤٥)، ومسلم (١٦٦١/ ٤٠).\n(^٤) لايمكم: أى وافقكم وساعدكم. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٢٠، ٢٢١، وعون المعبود ٤/ ٥٠٦.","vol":"16","page":102},{"text":"مَملوكيكم فأطعِموه مِمّا تأكُلونَ، واكسوه مِمّا تَكتَسونَ، ومَن لَم يلايِمْكم مِنهُم فبيعوه ولا تُعَذِّبوا خَلقَ اللهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى خِداشِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ أبى لَهَبٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ في المَملوكينَ: أطعِموهُم مِمّا تأكلونَ، واكْسوهُم [مِمّا تَكتَسونَ] (^٢) (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وإِن لَم يَفعَلْ فلَه ما قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- نَفَقَتُه وكِسوَتُه بالمَعروفِ، والمَعروفُ عِندَنا المَعروفُ لِمِثلِه في بَلَدِه الَّذِى يَكونُ بهِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا جاءَ خادَمُ أحَدِكُم بطَعامِه فليُجلِسْه مَعَه، فإِن لَم يَفعَلْ فليُناولْه أُكلَةً أو أُكلَتَينِ، فإِنَّه ولِىَ دُخَانَه وحَرَّه\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ وغَيرِه عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٧٠)، وأبو داود (٥١٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣، ٢١٥١٥) من طريق منصور به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٠٠).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"وألبسوهم مما تلبسون\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٧٧)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠١.\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ١٠١.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٨٥٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٠٧)، والدارمى (٢٠٧٤) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"16","page":103},{"text":"شُعبَةَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهَذا يَدُلُّ على ما وصَفنا مِن تَبايُنِ طَعامِ المَملوكِ وطَعامِ سَيِّدِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3399>بابُ ما يَنبَغِي لِمالِكِ المَملوكِ الَّذِى يَلِى طَعامَه أن يَفعَلَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ المُلائىُّ وعبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"إذا صَنَعَ خادِمُ أحَدِكُم له طَعامًا فجاءَ به قَد ولِىَ حَرَّه ودُخَانَه فليقعِدْه مَعَه فليأكُلْ، فإِن كان الطعامُ مَشفوهًا (^٣) قَليلًا فليَضَعْ في يَدِه أُكُلَةً أو أُكُلَتَينِ\". قال داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ: الأُكلَةُ اللُّقمَةُ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٥٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٥٥٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٥/ ١٠١.\n(^٣) المشفوه: هو القليل؛ لأن الشفاه كثرت عليه حتى صار قليلًا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١١/ ١٣٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٧٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٤٦) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى به. وأحمد (٧٧٢٦) من طريق داود بن قيس به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٦٣/ ٤٢).","vol":"16","page":104},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا كَفَى أحَدَكُم خادِمُه طَعامَه حَرَّه ودُخَانَه، فليَدْعُه فليجلِسْه، فإِن أبَى فليُرَوِّغْ (^١) له لُقمَةً فليُناولْه إيّاها. أو: يُعطيه إيّاها\". أو كَلِمَةً هذا مَعناها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3400>بابٌ: لا يُكَلَّفُ المَملوكُ مِنَ العَمَلِ إلَّا ما يُطيقُ الدَّوامَ عَلَيه</span>\nقَد مَضَى الحَديثُ المُسنَدُ في هَذا.\n\n١٥٨٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، أن العَجلانَ أبا محمدٍ حَدَّثَه قبلَ وفاتِه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لِلمَملوكِ طَعامُه وكِسوَتُه، ولا يُكَلَّفُ مِنَ العَمَلِ ما لا يُطيقُ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3401>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهىِ عن كَسبِ الأمَةِ إذا لَم تَكُنْ في عَمَلٍ واصِبٍ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٥٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) يروغ له: أى يطعمه لقمة مشربة من دسم الطعام. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٣٩)، والمعرفة (٤٧٨٠)، والشافعى ٥/ ١٠١، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٥٧. وأخرجه الحميدى (١٠٧٠)، والبزار (٨٨٦٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٨٦٩) من طريق ابن عجلان.\n(^٤) العمل الواصب: أى الدائم، أراد صناعة يخرج منها على الدوام ما توفره على مالكها. الزاهر في غريب ألفاظ الشافعى ص ٣٥٦.","vol":"16","page":105},{"text":"أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن كَسبِ الأمَةِ، إلا أن يَكونَ لها عَمَلٌ واصِبٌ، أو كَسبٌ يُعرَفُ وجهُه (^١).\nورَواه علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ عن الزَّنجِىِّ بنِ خالِدٍ عن حَرامِ بنِ عثمانَ عن أبى عَتيقٍ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفانَ -﵁- يقولُ في خُطبَتِه: لا تُكَلِّفوا الصَّغيرَ الكَسبَ؛ فإِنَّكُم مَتَى كَلَّفتُموه الكَسبَ سَرَقَ، ولا تُكَلِّفوا الأمَةَ غَيرَ ذاتِ الصَّنعَةِ الكَسبَ؛ فإِنَّكُم مَتَى كَلَّفتُموها الكَسبَ كَسَبَت بفَرجِها. لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ، زادَ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ في رِوايَتِه: وعِفُّوا إذ أعَفَّكُمُ اللَّهُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٦٢٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٠٥٢) من طريق مسلم بن خالد الزنجى به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٤/ ٩٢، ٩٣: هو في الصحيح باخصار. رواه الطبرانى وفيه مسلم بن خالد الزنجى وهو ضعيف وقد وثق.\n(^٢) البغوى في الجعديات (٢٩٩٤). وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣٠٩٠: حرام متروك.","vol":"16","page":106},{"text":"وعَلَيكُم مِنَ المَطاعِمِ بما طابَ مِنها (^١). رَفَعَه بَعضهُم عن عثمانَ -﵁- مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ، ورَفعُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3402>بابُ مُخارَجةِ العَبدِ برِضاه إذا كان له كَسبٌ</span>\n\n١٥٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبِ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّورِىُّ أَن حُمَيدًا الطَّويلَ حَدَّثَهُم عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: حَجَمَ أبو طَيبَةَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأعطاه صاعَينِ أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ وأمَرَ أهلَه أن يُخَفِّفوا عنه مِن خَراجِهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُل مِنّا يُقالُ له: نَهيكُ بنُ يَريمَ. حَدَّثَنِى مُغيثُ بنُ سُمَىٍّ قال: كان لِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ -﵁- ألفُ مَملوكٍ يُؤَدِّى إلَيه الخَراجَ، فلا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٥/ ١٠٣، ومالك ٢/ ٩٨١، ومن طريقه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٦٢٢).\n(^٢) الخراج: ما يقرره السيد على عبده أن يؤديه إليه كل يوم أو شهر أو نحو ذلك. شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٤/ ٤٩١.\nوالحديث عند مالك ٢/ ٩٧٤، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٤٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٦٦)، والترمذى (١٢٧٨) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى في (١٩٥٣٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢١٠٢، ٢٢١٠)، ومسلم (١٥٧٧/ ٦٢).","vol":"16","page":107},{"text":"يُدخِلُ بَيتَه مِن خَراجِهِم شَيئًا (^١).\n\n١٥٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِبم، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن دِرهَمٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: ضَرَبَ علىَّ مَولاى كُلَّ يَومٍ دِرهَمًا، فأتَيتُ أبا هريرةَ فقالَ: اتَّقِ اللهَ، وأدِّ حَقَّ اللهِ وحَقَّ مَولاكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3403>بابُ النَّهىِ عن كَسبِ البَغِىِّ</span>\n\n١٥٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكبر أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ أن ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَهُم عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن أبا مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنَ عمرٍو حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهاهُم عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ ومَهرِ البَغِى وحُلوانِ الكاهِنِ (^٣)، إلَّا أن يونُسَ قال في الحَديثِ: ثَلاثَة هُنَّ سُحتٌ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٥)، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٨/ ٣٩٩ من طريق المصنف به. وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٨)، وحلية الأولياء ١/ ٩٠ من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٩٣٦) مطولًا.\n(^٣) حلوان الكاهن: هو ما يأخذه المتكهن عن كهانته. معالم السنن ٣/ ١٠٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٧٠)، والترمذى (١١٣٣)، والنسائى (٤٣٠٣)، وابن حبان (٥١٥٧) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وأبو داود (٣٤٢٨) من طريق الزهرى به. وتقدم في (١٢٠١، ١١١١١).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٢٣٧، ٢٢٨٢)، ومسلم (١٥٦٧/ ٣٩).","vol":"16","page":108},{"text":"اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n١٥٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، أن جاريَةً لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ أُبَى يُقالُ لها: مُسَيكَةُ. وأُخرَى يُقالُ لها: أُمَيمَةُ. وكانَ يُريدُهُما على الزِّنى، فشَكَتا ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ (^٢) [النور: ٣٣]. رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَن السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كانَت أمَةٌ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَىٍّ، وكانَ يُكرِهُها على الزِّنى فنَزَلَت ﴿وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٣٣]. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى مُعاويَةَ قال: كان عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أُبَى ابنُ سَلولَ يقولُ لِجاريَتِه: اذهَبِى فابغينا شَيئًا. فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٦٧/ عقب ٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٣٠٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٩٠، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٨٩٩) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧/ ٣٠٢٩).","vol":"16","page":109},{"text":"عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ﴾ إلى ﴿غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ لَهُنَّ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: فالمَغفِرَةُ لَهُنَّ لا لِلمَولَى (^١).\n\n١٥٨٨٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عَوفٍ، عن الحَسَنِ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: لَهُنَّ واللهِ، لَهُنَّ واللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبيه ﴿وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ قال سعيدُ بنُ أبى الحَسَنِ: غَفورٌ لَهُنَّ؛ المُكرَهاتِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3404>بابُ سياقِ ما ورَدَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ في ضَربِ المَماليكِ والإِساءَةِ إلَيهِم وقَذفِهِم</span>\n\n١٥٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: كُنتُ أضرِبُ غُلامًا لِى بالسَّوطِ، فسَمِعتُ صَوتًا مِن خَلفِى: \"اعلَم أبا مَسعود\". فلَم أفهَمِ الصَّوتَ مِنَ الغَضَبِ فقالَ: \"اعلَمْ أبا مَسعودٍ\". فلَمّا دَنا مِنِّى إذا هو\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٤٣. وينظر الخريج السابق.\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٣١٢). وقال الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٠٢٧): صحيح مقطوع.","vol":"16","page":110},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اعلَمْ أبا مَسعودٍ أن اللَّهَ ﷿ أقدَرُ عَلَيكَ مِنكَ على هذا الغُلامِ\". فألقَيتُ السَّوطَ مِن يَدِى وقُلتُ: لا أضرِبُ غُلامًا بعدَ اليَومِ أبَدًا (^١). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ وابنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: كُنتُ أضرِبُ غُلامًا لِى، فسَمِعتُ مِن خَلفِى صَوتًا: \"اعلَمْ أبا مَسعودٍ، اعلَمْ أبا مَسعودٍ، اعلَمْ أبا مَسعودٍ، لَلَّهُ أقدَرُ عَلَيكَ مِنكَ عَلَيه\". فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا هو النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هو حُرٌّ لِوَجهِ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أما لَو لَم تَفعَلْ لَلَفَعَتكَ النّارُ. أو: لَمَسَّتكَ النّارُ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءَ أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وزيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن فِراسٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن زاذانَ أبى عُمَرَ، أن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥١٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٧)، والترمذى (١٩٤٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٩/ ٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٧٣). وأبو داود (٥١٥٩). وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد ١/ ٧١ (١٧١) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٩/ ٣٥).","vol":"16","page":111},{"text":"ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- أعتَقَ غُلامًا له، ثُمَّ أخَذَ مِنَ الأرضِ عودًا فقالَ: ما لِى فيه مِنَ الأجرِ ما يُساوى ذا. ثُمَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن لَطَمَ مَملوكَه أو ضَرَبَه حَدًّا لَم يأتِه فكَفارَتُه أن يُعتِقِه\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كامِلٍ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا فُضَيلُ بنُ غَزوانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ غَزوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى نُعمٍ، حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو القاسِمِ نَبِىُّ التَّوبَةِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَذَفَ مَملوكًا بَريئًا مِمّا قال له أُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ يَومَ القيامَةِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ كما قال\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن فُضَيلٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١٦٨) من طريق مسدد به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٣٣٧) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٧/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٦٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو داود (٥١٦٥)، والترمذى (١٩٤٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٧٣٥٢) من طريق فضيل بن غزوان به. وسيأتى في (١٧٢١٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٨٥٨)، ومسلم (١٦٦٠/ ٣٧).","vol":"16","page":112},{"text":"ابنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو هانِئٍ، عن عباسٍ الحَجْرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعنِى رَجُلٌ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ خادِمِى يُسِئُ ويَظلِمُ. فقالَ: \"تَعفو عنه كُلَّ يَومٍ سبعينَ مَرَّةً\" (^١).\n\n١٥٨٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرحِ - وهَذا حَديثُ الهَمْدانِىِّ وهو أتَمُّ- قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو هانِئٍ الخَولانِىُّ، عن العباسِ بنِ جُلَيدٍ (^٢) الحَجْرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَم نَعفو عن الخادِمِ؟ ثُمَّ أعادَ عَلَيه الكَلامَ فصَمَتَ، فلَمّا كان الثالِثَةَ قال: \"اعفُ عنه كُلَّ يَومٍ سبعينَ مرَّةً\" (^٣).\nوقالَ أصبَغُ عن ابنِ وهبٍ بإِسنادِه: سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ (^٤). وابنُ عُمَرَ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٥٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٣٥) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. والترمذى (١٩٤٩) من طريق حميد بن هانئ الخولانى به. وقال الترمذى: حديث غريب. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١٥٩٠).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"خليد\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ١٧٩، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥١٦٤). وذكره الترمذى عقب (١٩٤٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وينظر التخريج السابق، وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٤٣٠١).\n(^٤) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣، ٤.","vol":"16","page":113},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ (^١)، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن أُمِّ موسَى، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كان آخِرُ كَلامِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الصَّلاةَ الصَّلاةَ، اتَّقوا اللَّهَ فيما مَلَكَت أيمانُكُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطُّوسِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما زالَ جِبريلُ ﵇ يوصينِى بالجارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّه يوَرِّثُه، وما زالَ يوصينِى بالمَملوكِ حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أن يَضرِبَ له أجَلًا أو وقْتًا إذا بَلَغَه عَتَقَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3405>بابُ ما جاءَ في تأديبِهِم وإِقامَةِ الحُدودِ عَلَيهِم</span>\n\n١٥٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَبَّانَ (^٤) التَّمّارُ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"الفضل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٩٣، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٦٧)، وأبو داود (٥١٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٨٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٨) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٩٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٦٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٣) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وليس فيهما موضع الشاهد. وتقدم في (١٢٧٣٥، ١٣٣٥٣).\n(^٤) في حاشية م: \"حيان\".","vol":"16","page":114},{"text":"بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ كانَت له جاريَةٌ أدَّبَها فأحسَنَ تأديِبَها، وعَلَّمَها فأحسَنَ تَعليمَها، وأعتقَها وتَزَوَّجَها فلَه أجرانِ، وأيُّما عبدٍ مَملوكٍ أدَّى حَقَّ اللهِ وحَقَّ مَواليه فلَه أجرانِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن أوجِهٍ أُخَرَ عن صالِحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ قال: خَطَبَ علىٌّ -﵁- فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، أقيموا الحُدودَ على أرِقّائكُم مَن أُحصِنَ مِنهُم ومَن لَم يُحصنْ؛ فإِنَّ أمَةً لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- زَنَت فأمَرَنِى أن أجلِدَها، فأتَيتُها فإِذا هِى حَديثةُ عَهدٍ بالنِّفاسِ، فخَشِيتُ إن أنا جَلَدتُها أن تَموتَ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرتُ فقالَ: \"أحسَنتَ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن المُقَدَّمِىِّ عن أبى داودَ (^٤)، وبَقيَّةُ هذا البابِ في كِتابِ الحُدودِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3406>بابُ اجتِنابِ الوَجهِ في الضَّربِ لِلتّأديبِ والحَدِّ</span>\n\n١٥٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: قال لِى محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٠٨). وتقدم في (١٣٨٥٤، ١٣٨٥٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٤٧)، ومسلم (١٥٤/ ٢٤١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣١٨)، وفى المعرفة (٥١٠٣)، والطيالسى (١١٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٤٠)، والترمذى (١٤٤١). وسيأتى بتمامه في (١٧٠٨٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٠٥/ ٣٤).","vol":"16","page":115},{"text":"المُنكَدِرِ: ما اسمُكَ؟ قُلتُ: شُعبَةُ. قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو شُعبَةَ وكانَ لَطيفًا -عن سوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ -﵁- قال: لَطَمَ رَجُلٌ غُلامًا له أو إنسانًا، فقالَ سوَيدٌ -﵁-: أما عَلِمتَ أن الصّورَةَ (^١) مُحَرَّمَةٌ؟ لَقَد رأيتُنِى سابِعَ سَبعَةِ إخوَةٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما لَنا إلَّا خادِمٌ، فلَطَمَه أحَدُنا، فأمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُعتِقَه (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخرَينِ عن شعبَةَ (^٣). وقال بَعضُهُم في الحَديثِ: فضَرَبَ أحَدُنا وجهَه.\n\n١٥٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا حُصَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ بنَ يِسافٍ يقولُ: كُنّا نَبيعُ البَزَّ (^٤) في دارِ سُوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ -﵁-، فخَرَجَت جاريَةٌ له، فقالَت لِرَجُلٍ شَيئا فلَطَمَها ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ له سوَيدُ بنُ مُقَرِّنٍ -﵁-: ألَطَمتَ وجهَها؟! لَقَد رأيتُنى سابِعَ سَبعَةٍ وما لَنا إلَّا خادِمٌ، فلَطَمَها بَعضُنا، فأمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُعتِقَها (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ.\n_________\n(^١) الصورة: يعنى الوجه. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٨٨، ٢/ ٥٢.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٣٥٩)، ومن طريقه النسائى (٥٠١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٠٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٥٨/ ٣٣).\n(^٤) البز: الثياب، أو متاع البيت من الثياب ونحوها. شرح الزرقاني ٣/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٧٦) من طريق آدم بن أبى إياس به. وأحمد (٢٣٧٤١)، =","vol":"16","page":116},{"text":"أخرجه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدٍ قال: لَطَمتُ مَولًى لَنا فهَرَبتُ، ثم جئتُ قُبَيلَ الظُّهرِ فصَلَّيتُ خَلفَ أبى، فدَعاه ودَعانِي، ثُمَّ قال: اقتَصَّ مِنه. فعَفا، ثُمَّ قال: كُنّا بَنِى مُقَرِّنٍ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللّهِ ﷺ- لَيسَ لَنا إلَّا خادِمٌ واحِدٌ فلَطَمَها (^٢) أحَدُنا، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أعتِقوها\". قالوا: لَيسَ لَهُم خادِمٌ غَيرُها. قال: \"فليَستَخدِموها، فإِذا استَغنَوا عَنها فخَلُّوا سَبيلَها\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوفِى هذا كالدِّلالَةِ على أن الأمرَ بالاعتاقِ أمرُ نَدبٍ واستِحبابِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3407>بابُ فضلِ المَملوكِ إذا نَصَحَ</span>\n\n١٥٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وأبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الصَّفارُ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n= والترمذى (١٥٤٢)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٠١٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٥٨/ عقب ٣٢).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"فلطمه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٠٥) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأبو داود (٥١٦٧)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٠١١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٨/ ٣١).","vol":"16","page":117},{"text":"القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو موسَيَ هارونُ بنُ موسَيَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ عليِّ مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ العَبدَ إذا نَصَحَ لِسَيّدِه وأحسَنَ عِبادَةَ اللَّهِ فلَه أجرُه مَرَّتَينِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ (^٣)، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَيَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لِلمَملوكِ الَّذِى يُحسِنُ عِبادَةَ رَبِّه ويودِّى إلَى سَيِّدِه الَّذِى له عَلَيه مِنَ الحَقِّ والنَّصيحَةِ والطاعَةِ له أجرانِ؛ أجرُ ما أحسَنَ عِبادَةَ رَبِّه، وأجرُ ما أدَّى إلَى مَليكِة الَّذِى له عَلَيه مِنَ الحَقِّ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٥٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُبنُ عبدِاللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٨١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥١٦٩) من طريق عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبى به. وأحمد (٤٦٧٣، ٤٧٠٦، ٥٧٨٤، ٦٢٧٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٤٦)، ومسلم (١٦٦٤/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) في س: \"يزيد\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٠٧)، والآداب (٧٧). وأخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢٠٤) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (١٩٦٣٤) من طريق أبى بردة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٥٥١).","vol":"16","page":118},{"text":"القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللّهِ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: قال أبو هريرةَ: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لِلعَبدِ المَملوكِ المُصلِحِ أجرانِ\". والَّذِى نَفسُ أبى هريرةَ بيَدِه، لَولا الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ والحَجُّ وبِرُّ أُمِّى لأحبَبتُ أن أموتَ وأنا مَملوكٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرينِ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَيَ بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُبنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أدَّى العَبدُ حَقَّ اللَّهِ وحَقَّ مَواليه كان له أجرانِ\". قال: فحَدَّثتُه كَعبًا فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه حِسابٌ ولا على مُؤمِنٍ مُزهِدٍ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٢٤) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٤٨)، ومسلم (١٦٦٥/ ٤٤).\n(^٣) المزهد: القليل الشئ، وإنما سمى مزهدًا لأن ما عنده يُزْهَدُ فيه من قلته. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٣٧.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٢٨) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والترمذى (١٩٨٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٦٦/ ٤٥).","vol":"16","page":119},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ ﵁وفِى رِوايَةِ الرَّمادِيِّ: أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ- قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"نِعِمًا لِلعَبدِ أن يَتَوَفّاه اللَّهُ يُحسِنُ عِبادَةَ رَبِّه وطاعَةَ سَيِّدِه، نِعِمًا له، نِعِمًا له\". زادَ الرَّمادِيُّ في رِوايَتِه: قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إذا مَرَّ عليِّ عبدٍ قال: يا فُلانُ، أبشِرْ بالأجرِ مَرَّتَينِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ دونَ قَولِ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3408>بابُ ما يُنادِى به كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما صاحِبَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّةٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يقُلْ أحَدُكُم: اسقِ رَبَّكَ، أطعِمْ رَبَّكَ، وضِّئْ رَبَّكَ. ولا يَقُل أحَدُكُم: رَبِّى. ولقُل: سَيِّدِى، مَولاى. ولا يَقُل أحَدُكُم: عبدِى، أمَتِى. وليَقُل: فتاىَ، فتاتِي، غُلامِى\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٠٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٥٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٦٧/ ٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦١٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٨٦٩) - ومن طريقه أحمد (٨١٩٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥٥٢)، ومسلم (٢٢٤٩/ ١٥).","vol":"16","page":120},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3409>بابُ التَّشديدِ على مَن خَبَّبَ (^١) خادِمًا على أهلِهِ</span>\n\n١٥٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَويُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الأحرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الأزدِئُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ دَنوقا، حدثنا الأحوَصُ بنُ جَوّابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّابِ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عيسَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن خَبَّبَ خادِمًا عليِّ أهلِه فلَيسَ مِنّا، ومَن أفسَدَ امرأةً على زَوجِها فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عن عَمّارِ بنِ رُزَيقٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3410>بابُ نَفَقَةِ الدَّوابِّ</span>\n\n١٥٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) خبب: أفسد وخدع. وأصله من الخب، وهو الخداع. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٥٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٤٣٢)، وفى الآداب (٨٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٩٦، وقال: صحيح على شرط البخارى. ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٥٧) من طريق أبى الجواب به. والنسائى في الكبرى (١٩٢١٤)، وابن حبان (٥٦٨، ٥٥٦٠) من طريق عمار بن رزيق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٧٥، ٥١٧٠) من طريق زيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (١٩٠٦، ٤٣٠٧).","vol":"16","page":121},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِيُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ (^١) بنُ أبى يَعقوبَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ مَولَى الحَسَنِ بنِ عليِّ، عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ قال: أردَفَنِى رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ خَلفَه، فأسَرَّ إلَيَّ حَديثًا لا أُحَدِّثُ به أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ، وكانَ أحَبَّ ما استَتَرَ به رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ- لِحاجَتِه هَدَفٌ أو حائشُ نَخلٍ. يَعنِى حائطًا. قال: فدَخَلَ حائطًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فإِذا فيه جَمَلٌ، فلَمّا رأى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ذَرَفَت عَيناه. قال: فأتاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فمَسَحَ سَراتَه (^٢) إلَى سَنامِه وذِفرَيه (^٣) فسَكَنَ، قال: \"مَن رَبُّ هذا الجَمَلِ؟ لِمَن هذا الجَمَلُ؟ \". قال: فجاءَ فتًى مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: هو لِي يا رسولَ اللّهِ. فقالَ: \"ألا تَتَّقِى اللَّه في هذه البَهيمَةِ التى مَلَّكَكَ اللَّهُ إيّاها؟ فإنَّها تَشكو إلَيَّ أنَّكَ تُجيعُه وتُدئبُه (^٤) \". أخرَجَ مُسلِمٌ أوَّلَ الحَديثِ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٥).\n\n١٥٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ أبو عبدِ اللّهِ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وتقدم في (٤٥٢): \"محمد بن أبى يعقوب\". وهو كذلك عند أحمد وابن ماجه وابن خزيمة. وعند مسلم: \"محمد بن عبد الله بن أبى يعقوب\". وكلاهما صواب؛ فمحمد كان ينسب إلى جده أبى يعقوب كما عند ابن خزيمة (٥٣)، وكما في فتح الباري ٦/ ٥٤٥.\n(^٢) سراته: ظهره. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٤٣٧.\n(^٣) الذفريان: أصول الأذنين. المصدر السابق ١/ ٤٣٧.\n(^٤) تدئبه: تتعبه. النهاية ٢/ ٩٥.\nوالحديث تقدم دون قصة الجمل في (٤٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد بتمامه في (١٧٤٥) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون عن محمد بن أبى يعقوب عن الحسن به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٣٤٢/ ٧٩). وتقدم في (٤٥٢).","vol":"16","page":122},{"text":"عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ وهبِ بنِ مسلمٍ المِصرِيُّ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"عُذِّبَتِ امرأةٌ في هِرَّةٍ؛ حَبَسَتها حَتَّى ماتَت جُوعًا فدَخَلَت فيها النّارَ، فقالَ لها واللَّهُ أعلمُ: لا أنتِ أطعَمتيها وسَقَيتيها حينَ حَبَستيها، ولا أنتِ أرسَلتيها تأكُلُ مِن خَشاشِ الأرضِ حَتَّى ماتَت جُوعًا\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩١٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عباسُ (^٢) بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ في آخِرِه: \"حَتَّى ماتَت جوعًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"دَخَلَتِ امرأةٌ النّارَ مِن جَرّا (^٥) هِرَّةٍ لها؛ رَبَطَتها فلا هِىَ أطعَمَتها ولا هِىَ أرسَلَتها تقمَّمُ (^٦) مِن خَشاشِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠١٦٣).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠١٦٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣٦٥)، ومسلم ٤/ ١٧٦٠، ٢٢٠٢ (٢٢٤٢/ عقب ١٥١). وتقدم في (١٠١٦٣).\n(^٥) من جرا: أى من أجل، وتمد وتقصر. ينظر فتح الباري ٦/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٦) في س: \"تطعم\".\nوتقمم: أى تتبع القمام في الكناسات. لسان العرب ١٥/ ٣٩٥.","vol":"16","page":123},{"text":"الأرضِ حَتَّى ماَتت هَزْلًا\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح \" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى بكرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"بَينَما رَجُلٌ في طَريقٍ أصابَه عَطَشٌ، فجاءَ بئرًا فنَزَلَ فيها فشَرِبَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، فإذا كَلبٌ يأكُلُ الثَّرَى مِنَ العَطَشِ، فنَزَلَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى البئرِ فمَلأ خُفَّه مِنَ الماء، ثُمَّ أمسَكَ الخُفَّ بفيه فسَقَى الكَلبَ، فشَكَرَ اللَّهُ له فغَفَرَ له\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، وإِنَّ لَنا في البَهائمِ لأجرًا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"في كُلِّ ذاتِ كَبِدٍ رَطْبَةٍ أجرٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن قتيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ يَعنِى الشَيبانِيَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أثوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٥١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٠١). وعند عبد الرزاق: \"تقضم\". وعند أحمد: \"ترمم\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦١٩/ ١٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٣٤١) من طريق بحر بن نصر به. وتقدم في (٧٨٨٢) من طريق مالك.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٣٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٢٤٤/ ١٥٣).","vol":"16","page":124},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَينا كَلبٌ يُطيفُ برَكِيَّةٍ (^١) قَد كادَ يَقتُلُه العَطَشُ، إذ رأته بَغِيٌّ مِن بَغايا بَنِى إسرائيلَ، فنَزَعَت مُوقَها (^٢) فاستَقَت له فسَقَته إيّاه، فغُفِرَ لها به\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ، ورَواه (^٤) البخاريُّ عن سعيدِ بنِ تَليدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3411>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَلبِ الماشيَةِ</span>\n\n١٥٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا المُرَجّا بنُ رَجاءٍ اليَشكُرِىُّ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ سَوادَةَ بنَ الرَّبيعِ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- فسألتُه، فأمَرَ لِى بذَودٍ وقالَ: \"إذا رَجَعتَ إلَى بَنيكَ فمُرْهُم فليُحسِنوا غِذاءَ رِباعِهِم (^٦)، ومُرهُم فليقَلِّموا أظفارَهُم، ولا يَعبِطوا (^٧) بها ضُروعَ مَواشيهِم إذا حَلَبوا\" (^٨).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ حُمرانَ عن سَلمٍ الجَرمِيِّ، وزادَ فيه: \"وقُلْ لَهُم فليَحتَلِبوا\n_________\n(^١) الركية: البئر. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦١.\n(^٢) الموق: الخف. وهو فارسى معرب. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧٢، وينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٤٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٥٨٣)، وابن حبان (٣٨٦) من طريق محمد بن سيرين به.\n(^٤) بداية سقط من المخطوطة \"س\" وينتهى في (١٥٩٢٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٢٤٥/ ١٥٥)، والبخارى (٣٤٦٧).\n(^٦) رِباع: جمع رُبَع، وهو ولد الناقة إذا نتجت في الربيع. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٤٤٦.\n(^٧) لا يعبِطوا: أى لا يشددوا الحلب فيعقروها ويدموها بالعصر. النهاية ٣/ ١٧٣.\n(^٨) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٦١) من طريق هاشم بن القاسم أبى النضر به. والطبرانى (٦٤٨٢) من طريق المرجا بن رجاء اليشكرى به.","vol":"16","page":125},{"text":"عَلَيها سِخالَها (^١)، لا تُدرِكُها السَّنَةُ وهِىَ عِجافٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ بَحيرٍ، عن ضِرارِ بنِ الأزوَرِ قال: أهدَيتُ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- لِقحَةً (^٣)، فأمَرَنِى أن أحلِبَها فحَلَبتُها فجَهَدتُ حَلبَها فقالَ: \"دَع داعِىَ اللَّبَنِ (^٤) \".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ داودَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥)، وخالَفَهُم أبو مُعاويَةَ فرَواه عن الأعمَشِ عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن يَعقوبَ عن ضِرارٍ (^٦)، وقالَ محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى: عن أبى مُعاويَةَ. نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) سخال: جمع سخلة. وهى الواحدة من أولاد الغنم ساعة توضع. ينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٦٤، ١٦٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٨٤ من طريق محمد بن حمران به.\n(^٣) اللقحة: الناقة القريبة العهد بالنتاج. النهاية ٤/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٤) أى: أبق في الضرع قليلا لا تستوعبه كله في الحلب، فإن الذى تبقيه فيه يدعو ما فوقه من اللبن فينزله، وإذا استنفض كل ما في الضرع أبطأ عليه الدر بعد ذلك. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٠. والحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٠٤)، والطبرانى (٨١٣٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٨/ ١٩٦: رواه أحمد والطبرانى ... بأسانيد، ورجال أحدها رجال ثقات.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٨٣)، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٧ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وقال الحاكم: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٣٩ من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٧) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٣٩ عن محمد بن المثنى به.","vol":"16","page":126},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3412>جماعُ أبواب تَحريمِ القَتلِ، ومَن يَجِبُ عَلَيه القِصاَصُ، ومَن لا قِصاصَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3413>بابُ أصلِ تَحريمِ القَتلِ في القُرآنِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١، الإسراء: ٣٣]، وقالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ﴾ الآيةَ (^١) [الفرقان:٦٨].\n\n١٥٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِاللهِ الحافظُ محمدُبنُ عبدِاللهِ الضَّبِّيُّ ﵀، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عمرِو بن شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- فسألَه عن الكَبائرِ فقالَ: \"أن تَدعوَ للهِ نِدًّا وهو خَلَقَكَ، وأن تَقتُلَ ولَدَكَ خَشيَةَ أن يَطعَمَ مَعَكَ، وأن تُزانِىَ حَليلَةَ جارِكَ\". ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا﴾ (^٢) [الفرقان: ٦٨]. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٣٣) من طريق شقيق أبى وائل به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٦١)، ومسلم (٨٦/ ١٤٢).","vol":"16","page":127},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: قال عبدُ اللّهِ: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، أيُّ الذَّنبِ أكبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أن تَدعوَ للهِ نِدًّا وهو خَلَقَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: \"تَقتُلَ ولَدَكَ مَخافَةَ أن يَطعَمَ مَعَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: \"أن تُزانِىَ حَليلَةَ جارِكَ\". فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ تَصديقَها ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿أَثَامًا﴾ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا﴾ [المائدة: ٣٢]، وقالَ: ﴿وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ (^٣) [المائدة: ٢٧ - ٣٠].\n\n١٥٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ احمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُوسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّدٍ الآبِيْوَردِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٥٨) من طريق عثمان بن أبى شيبة به. وسيأتى في (١٥٩٣٦، ١٥٩٣٧) من طريق الأعمش وغيره عن أبى وائل (شقيق).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٤٧٧)، ومسلم (٨٦/ ١٤٢).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٣.","vol":"16","page":128},{"text":"سُلَيمانُ الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَيَ، حدثنا الحُمَيديُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن نَفسٍ تُقتَلُ (^١) ظُلمًا إلَّا كان عليِّ ابنِ آدَمَ الأوَّلِ كِفلٌ مِنها؛ لأنَّه سَنَّ القَتلَ أوَّلًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ سُفيانَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى مُعاويَةَ: \"لا تُقتَلُ نَفسٌ ظُلمًا إلَّا كان على ابنِ آدَمَ الأوَّلِ كِفلٌ مِن دَمِها؛ لأنَّه أوَّلُ مَن سَنَّ القَتلَ\" (^٢).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ، وعن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٣].\n\n١٥٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ الرّوذبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ النُّعمانِ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: اختَلَفَ فيها أهلُ الكوفَةِ -في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"نفسًا\".\n(^٢) الحميدى (١١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٣٠) من طريق أبى معاوية به. والترمذي (٢٦٧٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٣٤٤٧) من طريق سفيان به. وابن ماجه (٢٦١٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٨٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٣٢١)، ومسلم (١٦٧٧/ ٢٧).","vol":"16","page":129},{"text":"فِيهَا﴾ - فرَحَلتُ فيها إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ فسألتُه عَنها فقالَ: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ﴾ في آخِرِ ما نَزَلَت، فما نَسَخَها شَئٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ﴾ فقالَ: لا تَوبَةَ له. وعن قَولِه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ﴾ [الفرقان: ٦٨ - ٧٠]. فقالَ: كانَت هذه في الجاهِليَّةِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَيَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٥٧). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٠١١) من طريق شعبة به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٤٦ من طريق المغيرة بن النعمان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٩٠)، ومسلم (٣٠٢٣/ ١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٤١٥) من طريق آدم به. والبغوى في الجعديات (٨٢٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٧٦٤)، ومسلم (٣٠٢٣/ ١٨).","vol":"16","page":130},{"text":"أو حَدَّثَنِى الحَكَمُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ- قال: أمَرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبزَى قال: سَلِ ابنَ عباسٍ عن هاتَينِ الآيَتَينِ ما أمرُهُما؛ عن الآيَةِ التى في سورَةِ الفُرقانِ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَزْنُونَ﴾، وعن الآيَةِ التى في النِّساءِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قال: فسألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن ذَلِكَ، قال: لَمّا أُنزِلَتِ التى في الفُرقانِ قال مُشرِكو أهلِ مَكَّةَ: قَد قَتَلنا النَّفسَ التى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ، ودَعَونا مَعَ اللَّهِ إلَهًا آخَرَ، وقَد أتَينا الفَواحِشَ. قال: فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ﴾. فهَذِه لأولَئكَ. قال: وأمّا التى في النِّساءِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا﴾. قرأ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿عَظِيمًا﴾ قال: الرَّجُلُ إذا عَرَفَ الاسلامَ وعَلِمَ شَرائعَ الإسلامِ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ مُؤمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فجَزاؤُه جَهَنَّمُ ولا تَوبَةَ له. فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِمُجاهِدٍ فقالَ: إلَّا مَن نَدِمَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن مُجالِدِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ في هذا المَكانِ يقولُ: أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٧٣) من طريق يوسف بن موسى به. والنسائى (٤٨٧٨) من طريق منصور بن المعتمر به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٨٥٥).","vol":"16","page":131},{"text":"مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا﴾ بعدَ التى في الفُرقانِ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ﴾ بسِتَّةِ أشهُرٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هَكَذا نُزولُ الآيَتَينِ، لَكِنْ تأويلُ الآيَةِ الأخيرَةَ ما:\n\n١٥٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا﴾ قال أبو مِجلَزٍ: هِىَ جَزاؤُه، وإِن شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَغفِرَ له غَفَرَ لَه (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَيمِىِّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فإِن شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَتَجاوَزَ عن جَزائه فعَلَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرِ بنِ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٢٧٢). وأخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٠، والنسائى (٤٠١٩) من طريق مسلم ابن إبراهيم به. وقال الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٩١٩): منكر.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٣٩١، وسعيد بن منصور (٦٧٤ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٤٠، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ١١٣ من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٣) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٤٥)، والاعتقاد ص ٢٤٤، وأبو داود (٤٢٧٦). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٩٥).","vol":"16","page":132},{"text":"وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الصَّفّارُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ قال: كُنّا عِندَ محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ فتَحَدَّثنا (^١) عِندَه، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ﴾ حَتَّى خَتَمَ الآيَةَ. قال: فغَضِبَ محمدٌ وقالَ: أينَ أنتَ عن هذه الآيَةِ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾؟ [النساء: ٤٨، ١٦٦]. قُمْ عَنَّى، اخرُجْ عَنِّى. قال: فأُخرِجَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ البَشيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: كان أهلُ العِلمِ إذا سُئلوا قالوا: لا تَوبَةَ له. وإِذا ابتُلِى رَجُلٌ قالوا له: تُبْ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن كَردَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: مَلأتُ حَوضِى أنتَظِرُ بَهيمَتِى تَرِدُ عليَّ، فلَم\n_________\n(^١) إلى هنا انتهى السقط في\"س\" المشار إليه عقب (١٥٩١٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٤٦)، والاعتقاد ص ٢٤٥، ومحمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى في حديثه (٥٥).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٦٧٥ - تفسير)، وذكره ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ١٨٧ عن سفيان.","vol":"16","page":133},{"text":"أستَيقِظْ إلَّا برَجُلٍ قَد أشرَعَ ناقَتَه (^١)، وثَلَمَ الحَوضَ (^٢)، وسالَ الماءُ، فقُصتُ فزِعًا فضَرَبتُه بالسَّيفِ فقَتَلتُه. فقالَ: لَيسَ هذا مِثلَ الَّذِى قال. فأمَرَه بالتَّوبَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِبنِ جَعفَرٍ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيىَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ السَّبيعِيَّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ -يَعنِى إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى قَتَلتُ، فهَل صد مِن تَوبَةٍ؟ فقَرأ عَلَيه عثمانُ -﵁- ﴿حم (١) تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (٢) غَافِرِ الذَّنْبِ وَقَابِلِ التَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ الْعِقَابِ﴾ [غافر:١ - ٣] ثُمَّ قال له: اعمَلْ ولا تَيأسْ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا في سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ- ما يُؤَكِّدُ تأويلَ أبى مِجلَزٍ ﵀.\n\n١٥٩٣١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكبر أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ الصَّوّافِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن الطفَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو الدَّوسِيَّ أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في حِصنٍ\n_________\n(^١) أشرع ناقته: أرسل رأسها في الماء لتشرب. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٨/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) ثلم الحوض: أى كسر جانبه. ينظر التاج ٣١/ ٣٥٩ (ث ل م).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٦٧٥ - تفسير). وينظر التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ١٨٧. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٠٠: كردم لا يعرف.","vol":"16","page":134},{"text":"حَصينٍ ومَنْعَةٍ؟ قال: حِصنٌ كان لِدَوسٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فأبَى ذلكَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ- لِلَّذِى ذَخَرَ اللَّهُ لِلأنصارِ، فلَمّا هاجَرَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ- إلَى المَدينَةِ هاجَرَ مَعَه الطُّفَيلُ وهاجَرَ مَعَه رَجُلٌ مِن قَومِه، فاجتَوَوُا (^١) المَدينَةَ فمَرِضَ فجَزعَ، فأخَذَ مَشاقِصَ (^٢) فقَطَعَ بها بَراجِمَه (^٣) فشَخَبَت يَداه (^٤) فماتَ، فرآه الطُّفَيلُ في مَنامِه في هَيئَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ، ورآه مُغَطّيًا يَدَه، فقالَ له: ما لِى أراكَ مُغَطّيًا يَدَكَ؟ قال: قيلَ لِى: لَن نُصلِحَ مِنكَ ما أفسَدتَ. فقَصَّ الطُّفَيلُ رُؤياه على رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ ولِيَدَيْه فاغفِرْ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٦).\n\n١٥٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَى، قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ الآخَرانِ: حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ -واللَّفظُ لاِبنِ المُثَنَّى- قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى الصدّيقِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كان مِمَّن كان قَبلَكُم رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ تِسعَةً وتِسعينَ نَفسًا، فسألَ عن أعلَمِ أهلِ الأرضِ،\n_________\n(^١) يقال: اجتويت البلد. إذا كرهت المقام فيه وإن كنت في نعمة. النهاية ١/ ٣١٨.\n(^٢) المشاقص: جمع مِشقص، وهو سهم عريض النصل. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٦١.\n(^٣) هى عقد الأصابع التى تظهر عند ضم الكف. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٦٣.\n(^٤) شخبت يداه: سال دمها بقوة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٨٢) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وابن حبان (٣٠١٧) من طريق الحجاج الصواف به.\n(^٦) مسلم (١١٦/ ١٨٤).","vol":"16","page":135},{"text":"فدُلَّ على راهِبٍ، فأتاه فقالَ: إنَّه قتلَ تِسعَةً وتِسعينَ نَفسًا، فهَل له مِن تَوبَة؟ قال: لا. فقَتَلَه فكَمَّلَ به مِائَةً، ثُمَّ سألَ عن أعلَمِ أهلِ الأرضِ، فدُلَّ على رَجُلٍ عالِمٍ، فأتاه فقالَ: قَتَلَ مِائَةَ نَفسٍ، فهَل له مِن تَوبَةٍ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، ومَن يَحولُ بَينَه وبَينَ التَّوبَةِ؟ انطَلِقْ إلَى أرضِ كَذا وكَذا؛ فإنَّ بها ناسًا يَعبُدونَ اللَّهَ فاعبُدْ مَعَهُم، ولا تَرجِعْ إلَى أرضِكَ؛ فإنَّها أرضُ سَوء. فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى إذا أتَى نِصفَ الطَّريقِ أتاه المَوتُ، فاختَصَمَت فيه مَلائكَةُ الرَّحمَةِ ومَلائكَةُ العَذابِ، فقالَت مَلائكَةُ الرَّحمَةِ: جاءَ تائبًا مُقبِلًا بقَلبِه إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿. وقالَت مَلائكَةُ العَذابِ: إنَّه لَم يَعمَلْ خَيرًا قَطٌّ. فأتاهُم مَلَكٌ في صورَةِ آدَمِيٍّ، فجَعَلوه بَينَهُم فقالَ: قيسوا ما بَينَ الأرضَينِ، فإِلَي أيّهِما كان أدنَى فهو له. فقاسُوا فوَجَدوه أدنَى إلَى الأرضِ التى أرادَ، فقَبضَته مَلائكَةُ الرَّحمَةِ\". قال قَتادَةُ: فقالَ الحَسَنُ: ذُكِرَ لَنا أنَّه لَمّا أتاه المَوتُ ناءَ بصَدرِهِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ دَعوَةً مُستَجابَةً، وإنِّى اختَبأتُ دَعوَتِي شَفاعَةً لأُمَّتِى، فهِىَ نائلَةً مَن ماتَ مِنهُم إن شاءَ اللَّهُ لا يُشرِكُ باللَّهِ شَيئًا\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٦٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦١١) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به. وأحمد (١١٦٨٧)، والبخارى (٣٤٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٢) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٦٦/ ٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٠٤)، والترمذى (٣٦٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٤٣٠٧) من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"16","page":136},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٣٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُاللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"شَفاعَتِى لأهلِ الكَبائرِ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3414>بابُ قَتلِ الولدانِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ إِمْلَاقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١]. وقالَ: ﴿وَإِذَا الْمَوْءُودَةُ سُئِلَتْ (٨) بِأَيِّ ذَنْبٍ قُتِلَتْ﴾ [التكوير: ٨، ٩]. وقالَ: ﴿قَدْ خَسِرَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا أَوْلَادَهُمْ سَفَهًا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٠].\n\n١٥٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى مُعاويَةَ عمرٍو البَجَلِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو الشيبانِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- يقولُ: سألتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قُلتُ: أىُّ الكَبائرِ أكبَرُ؟ قالَ: \"أن تَجعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وهو خَلَقَكَ\". قُلتُ: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: \"أن تَقتُلَ ولَدَكَ أجلَ أن يأكُلَ مَعَكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٩/ ٣٣٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٤٦٨) من طريق أحمد بن يوسف السلمى به. والترمذى (٢٤٣٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٨٧)، والشافعى ٦/ ٣. وتقدم في (١٥٩١٨، ١٥٩١٩) من طريق آخر عن ابن مسعود.","vol":"16","page":137},{"text":"١٥٩٣٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَويُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُبنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا الإمامُ أبو الطيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وأبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو ذَرٍّ محمدُ بنُ أبى الحُسَينِ ابنِ أبى القاسِمِ المُذَكِّرُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ وواصِلٍ الأحدَبِ، عن أبى وائل، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، أىُّ الذَّنبِ أعظَمُ؟ قال: \"أن تَجعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وهو خَلَقَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"أن تَقتُلَ ولَدَكَ خَشيَةَ أن يأكُلَ مَعَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"أن تُزانِىَ حَليلَةَ جارِكَ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الذُّهلِى:\"أن تَزنِىَ بحَليلَةِ جارِكَ\" (^١). حَديثُ مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ مَوصولٌ، وحَديثُ واصِلٍ عن أبى وائلٍ عن عبدِ اللّهِ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ:\n\n١٥٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا بصِخَةِ ذَلِكَ أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٣١) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. والترمذى (٣١٨٢)، والنسائى (٤٠٢٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى عن سفيان عن واصل به. والبخارى (٤٧٦١، ٦٨١١)، والنسائى في الكبرى (١١٣٧٠) من طريق سفيان دون ذكر واصل.","vol":"16","page":138},{"text":"عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، أىُّ الذَّنبِ أعظَمُ؟ قال: \"أن تَجعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وهو خَلَقَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ أىٌّ؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أن تَقتُلَ ولَدَكَ أجلَ أن يَطعَمَ مَعَكَ\". قال: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ أن تَزنِىَ بحَليلَةِ جارِكَ\". قال أبو حَفصٍ: قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ مَرَّةً: عن مَنصورٍ والأعمَشِ وواصِلٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فقُلتُ لِعَيدِ الرَّحمَنِ: حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ وسُلَيمانَ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى مَيسَرَةَ وهو عمرُو بنُ شُرَحبيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى سفيانُ، حدثنا واصِلٌ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: دَعْه، فلَم يَذكُرْ فيه بعدَ ذَلِكَ: واصِلٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ علىٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ المُزَنِيُّ فيما قَرأتُه عَلَيه، وأبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوىُّ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ لنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) الإسماعيلى- كما في فتح البارى ١٢/ ١١٥.\nوحديث واصل عن أبى وائل عن عبد الله أخرجه النسائى (٤٠٢٥) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وأحمد (٤١٣٢، ٤١٣٣)، والترمذى (٣١٨٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٨١١).","vol":"16","page":139},{"text":"أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو إدريسَ عائذُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال وحَولَه عِصابَةٌ مِن أصحابِه: \"بايِعونِى عليِّ ألَّا تُشرِكوا باللَّهِ شَيئًا، ولا تَسرِقوا، ولا تَزنوا، ولا تقتُلوا أولادَكُم، ولا تأتوا ببُهتانٍ تَفتَرونَه بَينَ أيديكُم وأرجُلِكُم، ولا تَعصُوا في مَعروفٍ، فمَن وفَى مِنكُم فأجرُه عليِّ اللَّهِ، ومَن أصابَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ فعوقِبَ به في الدُّنيا فهو له كَفّارَةٌ، ومَن أصابَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا ثُمَّ سَتَرَه فأمرُه إلَى اللَّهِ؛ إن شاءَ عَفا عنه وإن شاءَ عاقَبَه\". قال: فبايَعناه على ذَلِكَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلَّا أن في رِوايَةِ القاضِي: عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، وقَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وهو أحَدُ النُقَباءِ لَيلَةَ العَقَبَةِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3415>بابُ تَحريمِ القَتلِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ</span>\n\n١٥٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ عثمانَ -﵁- في الدّارِ وهو مَحصورٌ، وكُنا نَدخُلُ مُدَّخَلًا نَسمَعُ مِنه كَلامَ مَن في البَلاطِ، فدَخَلَ عثمانُ -﵁- ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٣٣)، والنسائى (٤٠٧٢) من طريق الزهرى به. وسيأتى في (١٧٦٥٥) من طريق سفيان عن الزهرى.\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨، ٧٢١٣)، ومسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤١).","vol":"16","page":140},{"text":"خَرَجَ مُتَغَيِّرَ اللَّونِ، قيلَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما شأنُكَ؟ قال: إنَّهُم لَيَتَواعَدونِى بالقَتلِ آنِفًا، ولَم أستَيقِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنهُم حَتَّى كان اليَومُ. فَقُلنا له: يَكفيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: وبِمَ يَقتُلونَنِى وقَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِئٍ مسليم إلَّا بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ رَجُلٌ كَفَرَ بعدَ إسلامِه، أو زَنَى بعدَ إحصانِه، أو قَتَلَ نَفسًا بغَيرِ نَفسٍ\"؟!. فواللَّهِ ما زَنَيتُ في جاهِليَّةٍ ولا إسلامٍ قَطُّ، ولا أحبَبتُ بدينِى بَدَلًا مُنذُ هَدانِى اللَّهُ، وما قَتَلتُ نَفسًا؛ عَلامَ يُريدُ هَؤُلاءِ قَتلِى (^١)؟!\n\n١٥٩٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ مُر، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللّهِ ب قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُل يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنِّى رسولُ اللّهِ إلّا بأحدِ (^٢) ثَلَاثةِ نَفَرٍ؛ النَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ، والثَّيِّبُ الزّانِى، والتّارِكُ لِديِنه المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٣٧)، وأبو داود (٤٥٠٢)، والترمذى (٢١٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. تال الترمذى: حديث حسن. وسيأتى في (١٦٨٩٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بإحدى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٤٢٩)، وأبو داود (٤٣٥٢)، والنسائى (٤٧٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٩٧٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى في (١٦٩٠٠، ١٦٩٠١، ١٦٩٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٧٦/ عقب ٢٥)، والبخارى (٦٨٧٨).","vol":"16","page":141},{"text":"عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبدِ اللّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ؛ عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٥٩٤٢ - وعن أبى صالحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ. قالا: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فإذا قالوها مَنَعوا مِنِّى دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُبنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَقَفِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَطاءِبنِ يَزيدَ اللَيثِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ الخِيَارِ، عن المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، أرأيتَ إن لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الكُفّارِ فقاتَلَنِى فضَرَبَ إحدَى يَدَىَّ بالسَّيفِ فقَطَعَها، ثُمَّ لاذَ مِنِّى بشَجَرَةٍ فقالَ: أسلَمتُ للهِ. أفأقتُلُه يا رسولِ اللّهِ بعدَ أن قالَها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقتُلْه\". قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، فإِنَّه قَد قَطَعَ يَدِيَّ ثُمَّ قال ذَلِكَ بعدَ أن قَطَعَها، أفأقتُلُهُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقتُلْه، فإن قَتلتَه فإِنَّه بمَنزِلَتِكَ قبلَ أن تقتُلَه، وإنَّكَ بمَنزِلَتِه قبلَ أن يَقولَ كَلِمَتَه التى قال\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قتيبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٢٠٦)، وسيأتى في (١٦٩٠٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٤٤)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٥٩١) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن حبان (١٦٤) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٢٣٨٣١) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"16","page":142},{"text":"عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُوبنُ عبدِ اللّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ- سَريَّةً إلَى الحُرُقاتِ (^٢) فنَذِروا (^٣) بنا فهَرَبوا، فأدرَكْنا رَجُلًا، فلَمّا غَشيْناه قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فضَرَبناه حَتَّى قَتَلناه، فعَرَضَ في نَفسِى شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ، فذَكَرتُه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن لَكَ بلا إلهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، إنَّما قالَها مَخافَةَ السِّلاحِ والقَتلِ. فقالَ: \"أفَلا شَقَقتَ عن قَلبِه حَتَّى تَعلَمَ قالها مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ أم لا؟ مَن لَكَ بلا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". قال: فما زالَ يقولُها حَتَّى ودِدْتُ أنِّى لَم أُسلِمْ إلَّا يَومَئذٍ. قال أبو ظَبيانَ: قال سَعدٌ: وأنا واللَّهِ لا أقتُلُه حَتَّى يَقتُلَه ذو البُطَينِ. يَعنِى أُسامَةَ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: ألَيس قَد قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَك﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣، الأنفال: ٣٩] فقالَ سَعدٌ: قاتَلْنا حَتَّى لا تكونَ فِتنَةٌ، وأنتَ وأصحابُكَ تُريدونَ أن نُقاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكونَ فِتنَةٌ (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٥)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ حُصَينٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٥/ ١٥٥)، والبخارى (٤٠١٩، ٦٨٦٥).\n(^٢) الحرقات: اسم لقبائل من جهينة. ينظر هدى السارى ص ١٠٤.\n(^٣) نذروا: علموا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١١/ ١٠١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٠٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٤٣)، وأبو عوانة (١٩٢) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٥٩٤) من طريق الأعمش به. وكلام سعد عند أبى عوانة وحده.\n(^٥) مسلم (٩٦/ ١٥٨).","vol":"16","page":143},{"text":"أبى ظَبيانَ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُبنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَل، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، حدثنا محمدُبنُ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، وعن رَجُلٍ هو في نَفسِى أفضَلُ مِن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبى بكرَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ النّاسَ بمِنَّى فقالَ: \"أتَدرونَ أيُّ يَومٍ هَذا؟ \". قال: قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: فسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنّا أنَّه يُسَمّيه بغَيرِ اسمِه، ثُمَّ قال؟ \"ألَيسَ يَومَ النَّحرِ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. قال: \"أيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذا؟ \". قُلنا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"ألَيسَ بالبَلَدِ؟ \". يَعنِى الحَرامَ، قُلنا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"فإنَّ دِماءَكُم وأموالَكم وأعراضَكُم وأبشارَكُم حَرامٌ كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم هذا في شَهرِكُم هذا، ألا هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". قُلنا: نَعَم. قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، ليُبَلِّغِ الشّاهِدُ الغائبَ، فإنَّه رُبَّ مُبَلِّغٍ يُبَلِّغُه مَن هو أوعَى له\". فكانَ كَذَلِكَ، وقالَ: \"ألا لا تَرجِعوا بَعدِى كُفّارًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعضٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَبَلَةَ وغَيرِه؛ كُلُّهُم عن أبى عامِرٍ (^٣)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٢٦٩، ٦٨٧٢)، ومسلم (٩٦/ ١٥٩).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٠٤٠٧). وتقدم في (٩٦٩٨، ٩٦٩٩، ١١٦٠٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٧٤١)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٣١)، وتقدم في (٩٦٩٩).","vol":"16","page":144},{"text":"مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ؛ كِلاهُما عن يَحيَى القَطانِ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبداد، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن الصُّنابِحِىِّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ أنَّه قال: إنِّى مِنَ النُّقَباءِ الَّذينَ بايَعوا رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ: بايَعناه على ألَّا نُشرِكَ باللَّهِ شَيئًا ولا نَزنِي ولا نَسرِقَ ولا نَقتُلَ النَّفسَ التى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إلَّا بالحَق ولا نَنتَهِبَ ولا نَعصِىَ؛ بالجَنَةِ إن فعَلنا ذَلِكَ، فإِن غَشِينا مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا فإِنَّ قَضاءَ ذَلِكَ إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقريُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أكبَرُ الكبائرِ الإشراكُ باللَّهِ وقَتلُ النَّفسِ وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ وقَولُ الزورِ. أو قال: شَهادَةُ الزّورِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧، ٧٠٧٨)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٤٢)، وأبو عوانة (٦٣٥٠) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٩٣)، ومسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤٤).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٥٥)، وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٧١)، ومسلم (٨٨/ ١٤٤)، والترمذي =","vol":"16","page":145},{"text":"مَرزوقٍ (^١).\n\n١٥٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن ثَورٍ، عن أبى الغَيثِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اجتَتِبوا السَّبعَ الموبِقاتِ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، وما هُنَّ؟ قال: \"الشِّركُ باللَّهِ والسِّحرُ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ التى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إلا بالحَق، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وأكلُ مالِ اليتيمِ، والتَّوَلِّى يَومَ الزحفِ، وقَذفُ المُحصَناتِ الغافِلاتِ\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن الأُوَيسِيِّ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مسلمٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: مَنصورٌ وزُبَيدٌ وسُلَيمانُ أخبَرونِي أنَّهُم سَمِعوا أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سِبابُ المُسلِمِ فُسوقٌ، وقِتالُه كُفرٌ\". قال زُبَيدٌ: فقُلتُ لأبِى وائلٍ: سَمِعتَه مِن عبدِ اللّهِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم (^٤).\n_________\n= (١٢٠٧)، والنسائى (٤٠٢١، ٤٨٨٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^١) البخارى (٦٨٧١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٣٠٩)، والاعتقاد ص ٣٣٤، ٣٣٥. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٦٧٣) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأبو داود (٢٨٧٤) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٢٧٩٢). وسيأتى في (١٧٢١١، ١٨١٣٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٩/ ١٤٥)، والبخارى (٢٧٦٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٩٠٣) عن عفان به. وابن ماجه (٦٩) من طريق عفان عن شعبة عن سليمان الأعمش =","vol":"16","page":146},{"text":"١٥٩٥٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\nورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن عَفّانَ حَديثَ سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ زُبَيدٍ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّه لَيسَ بالكُفرِ الَّذِى تَذهَبونَ إلَيه، إنَّه لَيسَ كُفرًا يَنقُلُ عن مِلَّةٍ ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤] كُفرٌ دونَ كُفرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاق\n_________\n= به. والنسائى (٤١٢٠) من طريق شعبة به. وينظر الحديث التالى.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٣٩) من طريق سمليمان بن حرب به. وينظر التخريج السابق، وسيأتى في (٢٠٩٤٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٠٤٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (٦٤/ ١١٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٨)، ومسلم (٦٤/ ١١٦).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١٤. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٩ - تفسير)، ومحمد بن نصر المروزى في الصلاة (٥٦٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٢/ ٣١٧، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٦٥ من طريق طاوس به.","vol":"16","page":147},{"text":"المُزكِّى وأبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ موسَيَ أُميْرَكُ النَّيسابورِيُّ (^١) وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَيَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَمَلَ السِّلاحَ عَلَينا فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٥٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. مِثلَ هذا القَولِ (^٣).\nاتَّفَقا عليِّ إخراجِ حَديثِ [أبى موسَيَ عن أبى كُرَيب عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٥)، وأخرَجَ مُسلِمٌ حَديثَ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن] (^٤) أبى أُسامَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٥٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُبنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُبنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الرَّازِىُ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُبنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ أبى نَجيح، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى، المعروف بأميرك بن أبى ذر، قال عبد الغافر: نبيل موثوق به أصيل. قال الذهبى: متوفي بعد الأربعمائة ظنا. المنتخب (١٧٩)، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢١٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب ص ٢٨٦ (٥٩٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٥٩) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وقال: حسن صحيح. وابن ماجه (٢٥٧٧) من طريق بريد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٧٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (٤٤٦٧) من طريق عبيد الله به. والنسائي (١١١٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٩٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٥) البخارى (٧٠٧١)، ومسلم (١٠٠/ ١٦٣).\n(^٦) مسلم (٩٨/ ١٦١).","vol":"16","page":148},{"text":"رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ- \"لَستَ مِنّا\" لَيسَ يَعنِى أنَّكَ لَستَ مِن أهلِ الإسلامِ، ولَكِن يَعنى أنَّكَ لَستَ مِثلَنا.\n\n١٥٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَويُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ينِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الكِنانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَزالُ المَرءُ في فُسحَةٍ مِن دينِه ما لَم يُصِبْ دَمًا حَرامًا\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى ابنُ كُنَاسَةَ الأسَديُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَزالُ المَرءُ في فُسحَةٍ مِن دينِه ما لَم يُصِبْ دَمًا حَرامًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ أبى هاشَمٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٥٠، وقال. على شرط الشيخين. ووافقه الذهبي. والطبراني في الأوسط (١٤٠١) من طريق أبى غسان محمد بن يحيى الكنانى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد في مسنده (٨٥٦) من طريق محمد بن كناسة به. وأحمد (٥٦٨١) من طريق إسحاق بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٦٢).","vol":"16","page":149},{"text":"يعقوبَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ هو ابنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: إنَّ مِن ورْطاتِ الأُمورِ التى لا مَخرَجَ لِمَن أوقَعَ نَفسَه فيها سَفكَ الدَّمِ الحَرامِ بغَيرِ حِلِّهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ هَكَذا.\n\n١٥٩٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ المُقريُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الأزدِيُّ المَعروفُ بابنِ أبى العَزائمِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ماتِي الكوفِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَيَ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَّلُ ما يُقضَى بَينَ النّاسِ في الدِّماءِ\". يَعنِى يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَيَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وُجوهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُبارَكٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ دِهقانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ أبى زَكَريّا قال: سَمِعتُ أُمَّ الدَّرداءِ تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كُلُّ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٨٦٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٧٤)، والنسائى (٤٠٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٦١٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٦٤)، ومسلم (١٦٧٨/ ٢٨).","vol":"16","page":150},{"text":"ذَنب عَسَى اللَّهُ أن يَغفِرَه إلَّا مَن ماتَ مُشرِكًا، أو قَتَلَ مُؤمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا\" (^١). قال صَدَقَةُ: قال خالِدٌ: فقالَ هانِيُّ بنُ كُلثومِ بنِ كَنّازٍ (^٢) الكِنانِيُّ: سَمِعتُ مَحمودَ بنَ رَبيعٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصامِتِ يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ- قال:\n\"مَن قَتَلَ مُؤمِنًا ثُمَّ اغتَبَطَ (^٣) بقَتلِه لَم يُقبَل مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\". قال خالِدُ بنُ دِهقانَ: ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ ابنُ أبى زَكريّا عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ عن أبى الدَّرداءِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وحَدَّثَ هانِيءُ بنُ كُلثومٍ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُبادَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَزالُ المُؤمِنُ صالِحًا ما لَم يُصِبْ دَمًا\". قال خالِدٌ: سألتُ يَحيَى الغَسّانِيّ عن اغتِباطِه بقَتلِه قال: هُمُ الَّذينَ يَقتُلونَ في الفِتنَةِ، فيَقتُلُ أحَدُهُم فيَرَى أنَّه عليِّ هُدًى؛ لا يَستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ مِنه أبَدًا (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٨٠) من طريق صدقة بن خالد به. وأبو داود (٤٢٧٠) من طريق خالد بن دهقان به.\n(^٢) في س: \"كنان\".\n(^٣) في س: \"اعتبط\". وقال في حاشية م: \"هامش ر: قال أبو داود: اغتبط: يصب ومن صبيان (كذا)، قلت: وشرحه الخطابى فقال: اعتبط: قتله ظلمًا لا قصاصًا. قلت: هذا على أنه بالعين المهملة وليس ذلك هو الصحيح، بل صوابه أنه بالغين المنقوطة كما في المتن، من الغبطة، وإنما العين المهملة في حديث آخر وهو: \"من اعتبط مؤمنًا قتلا فإنه قود\". والله أعلم. وفى هامش مص: قال الخطابى: اعتبط بقتله إن قتله ظلمًا لا قصاصًا. قال شيخنا ابن الصلاح: هذا على أنه بالعين المهملة\". ثم ساق العبارة كما مر عن هامش ر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١٦/ ١٨ من طريق صدقة به. وأبو داود (٤٢٧١) من طريق خالد به مقتصرًا على تفسير الغسانى. وصحح الألبانى قول الغسانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٥٩١).","vol":"16","page":151},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ دِهقانَ. فذَكَرَ الأحاديثَ الثَّلاثَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال في الحَديثِ الثّالِثِ: \"لا يَزالُ المُؤمِنُ مُعنِقًا (^١) صالِحًا ما لَم يُصِبْ دَمًا حَرامًا، فإِذا أصابَ دَمًا حَرامًا بَلَّحَ (^٢) \". ولَم يَذكُرْ تَفسيرَ الغَسّانِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن نصرِ (^٤) بنِ عاصِمٍ اللَّيثى، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ مالكٍ اللَّيثى قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أبَى عليَّ لِمَن قَتَلَ مُؤمِنًا\". قالها ثَلاثًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السَّبيعِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ قادِمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ مسلمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) معنقًا: يريد خفيف الظهر، يُعنِق في مشيه سير المخف، والعنق: ضرب من السير وسيع. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٢) بلّح الرجل: إذا انقطع من الإعياء فلم يقدر على أن يتحرك. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ١٠١.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٢٧٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحح أبى داود (٣٥٨٨ - ٣٥٩٠)\n(^٤) في حاشية م: \"بشر\". وهو كذلك عند يعقوب بن سفيان.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٠٨، ٢٢٤٩٠)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٨٥٩٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩٧٢) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به مطولًا. وصححه الألبانى في السلسلة الصحيحة (٢/ ١٨٨).","vol":"16","page":152},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ سَجّادَةُ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ مسلمٍ الخَفّافُ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابتٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن قَتيلًا قُتِلَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ-، لا يُدرَى مَن قَتلَه، فقالَ النَّبِى -ﷺ-: \"يُقتَلُ قَتيلٌ وأنا فيكُم لا يُدرَى مَن قَتَلَه؟! لَو أن أهلَ السَّماءِ وأهلَ الأرضِ اشتَرَكوا في قَتلِ مُؤمِنٍ لَعَذَّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ إلَّا ألَّا يَشاءَ ذَلِكَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ المالينِيِّ. وحَديثُ أبى عبدِ اللّهِ مُختَصرٌ: \"لَو اجتَمَعَ أهلُ السَّماءِ وأهلُ الأرضِ على قَتلِ امرِئ مُؤمِنٍ لَعَذَّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ الجُرجانِيُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ (^٢) زيادٍ الشامِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعانَ على قَتلِ مسلمٍ بشَطرِ كَلِمَة لَقِىَ اللَّهَ يَومَ القيامَةِ مَكتوبٌ على جَبهَتِه (^٣): آيِسٌ مِن رَحمَةِ اللَّهِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ٢٠٠٤. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٦٨١)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٥/ ٦٢، والمصنف في المعرفة (١٥٦٤٨)، وخيثمة الأطرابلسى في حديثه ص ٧١ من طريق عطاء بن مسلم الخفاف به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٧/ ٢٩٦، ٢٩٧: رواه الطبرانى ورجاله رجال الصحيح، غير عطاء بن مسلم وثقه ابن حبان وضعفه جماعة.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أبى\". وينظر كلام المصنف عقب (١٥٩٦٥).\n(^٣) في س: \"وجهه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٤، ٢٧١٥، وابن الجوزي في الموضوعات ٣/ ١٠٤ من طريق محمود بن خداش به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٠) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٠٨: يزيد تالف.","vol":"16","page":153},{"text":"١٥٩٦٤ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زيادٍ الشّامِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"يَومَ يَلقا ٥\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٦٥ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"واللَّهِ لَلدُّنيا وما فيها أهوَنُ على اللَّهِ مِن قَتلِ مُؤمِن بغَيرِ حَقٍّ\" (^٢).\nيَزيدُ بنُ زيادٍ -وقيلَ ابنُ أبى زيادٍ- الشّامِيُّ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوىَ المَتنُ الأوَّلُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٥٩٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ البَزازُ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ خَتَنُ آدَمَ بنِ أبى إياسٍ على أُختِه بعَسقَلانَ سنةَ عِشرينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا الفَرَجُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ يَرفَعُه قال: \"مَن أعانَ على قَتلِ مُؤمِنٍ بشَطرِ كَلِمَة لَقِىَ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَومَ القيامَةِ مَكتوبٌ بَينَ عَينَيه: آيِسٌ مِن رَحمَةِ اللَّهِ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٩٠٠) -ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ١٩٣ - عن يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الزهد (١٤١)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ١٩٣ من طريق مروان ابن معاوية به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٢٣٤٢).","vol":"16","page":154},{"text":"١٥٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الإمامُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: لَقَتلُ المُؤمِنِ أعظَمُ عِندَ اللَّهِ مِن زَوالِ الدُّنيا (^١). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٥٩٦٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الأسوَدِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وسُفيانُ ومِسعَرٌ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَزَوالُ الدُّنيا أهوَنُ على اللَّهِ مِن قَتلِ مسلمٍ\" (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ عن شُعبَةَ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\nورَواه غُندَرٌ وغَيرُه عن شُعبَةَ مَوقوفًا (^٤)، والمَوقوفُ أصَحُّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٢٠٦) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائى (٤٠٠٠) من طريق يعلى بن عطاء به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٣٧٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ٢٧٠، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٢٩٦، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٣/ ١٤٣ من طريق أبى أسامة عن مسعر وسفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٩٥)، والنسائى (٣٩٩٨) من طريق ابن أبى عدى به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١١٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٣٩٥) من طريق غندر (محمد بن جعفر) به، وقال: وهذا أصح.","vol":"16","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3416>بابٌ: لا يُشيرُ بالسِّلاحِ إلىَ مَن لا يَستحِقُّ القتلَ، ومَن مَرَّ في مَسجِدٍ أو سوقٍ بنَبلٍ أمسَكَ بنِصالِها</span>\n\n١٥٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ المَلائكَةَ تَلعَنُ أحَدَكُم إذا أشارَ بحَديدَة وإِن كان أخاه لأبيه وأُمِّه\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُشيرُ أحَدُكُم إلَى أخيه بالسِّلاحِ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَدرِى أحَدُكُم لَعَل الشَّيطانَ أن يَنزِعَ في يَدِه فيقَعَ في حُفرَة مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٧٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والترمذى (٢١٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٤٤، ٥٩٤٧) من طريق محمد بن سيرين به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦١٦/ ١٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٣٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦٧٩)، ومن طريفه أحمد (٨٢١٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٤٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٠٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٦١٧/ ١٢٦).","vol":"16","page":156},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ (^١)، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَيَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا مَرَّ أحَدُكُم في مَسجِدِنا أو سوقِنا بنَبل، فليُمسِكْ على نِصالِها، لا يُصيبُ أحَدًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بأذًى\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عنه وعن غَيرِه، عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ وعارِمٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ، أن رَجُلًا مَرَّ في المَسجِدِ بأسْهُمٍ قَد بَدا نُصولُها، فأُمِرَ أن يأخُذَ بنُصولِها؛ لا تَخدِشُ مُسلِمًا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُعمانِ عارِمٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأبِى الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٥).\n\n١٥٩٧٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: قُلتُ لِعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ: يا أبا محمدٍ، سَمِعتَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللّهِ يقولُ: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ بسِهامٍ في\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يزيد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٣٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٨٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣١٨) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وابن حبان (١٦٤٩) من طريق بريد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٠٧٥)، ومسلم (٢٦١٥/ ١٢٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٩٩٤)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٢٥٢٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٧٠٧٤)، ومسلم (٢٦١٤/ ١٢١).","vol":"16","page":157},{"text":"المَسجِدِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمسِكْ بنِصالِها\"؟ قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3417>بابُ التَّغليظِ علي مَن قَتَلَ نَفسَهُ</span>\n\n١٥٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكَّيِّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَيَ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الضَّحاكِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ بمِلَّة سِوَى الإِسلامِ كاذِبًا فهوَ كما قال، ومَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بشَئ عُذِّبَ به يَومَ القيامَةِ، ومَن رَمَى مُؤمِنًا بكُفرٍ فهو كقَتلِه، ولَعنُ المُؤمِنِ كقَتلِه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَيَ بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أيّوبَ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصّاغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣١٠)، والنسائى (٧١٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٧٧)، وابن خزيمة (١٣١٦)، وابن حبان (١٦٤٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٠٧٣)، ومسلم (٢٦١٤/ ١٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٩١) من طريق أيوب به. والنسائى (٣٧٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٩٨) بذكر صدر الحديث فقط، وابن حبان (٤٣٦٦) من طريق أبى قلابة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦١٠٥)، ومسلم (١١٠/ ١٧٧).","vol":"16","page":158},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بحَديدَة فحَديدَتُه في يَدِه يَتَوَجّأُ (^١) بها في بَطنِه في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فيها أبَدًا، ومَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بسُمٍّ فسُمُّه في يَدِه في جَهَنَّمَ يَتَحَسّاه في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا، ومن تَرَدَّى مِن جَبَل فهو يَتَرَدَّى في جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فيها أبَدًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، زادَ: \"ومن تَرَدَّى مِن جَبَل فقَتَلَ نَفسَه\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَرب عن جَريرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حدثنا جُندَبُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ في هذا المَسجِدِ، فما نَسِيناه حينَ حَدَّثَناه، وما جَرَى أن يَكونَ كَذَبَ على رسولِ اللّهِ -ﷺ-، قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كان مِمَّن كان قَبلَكُم رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ به\n_________\n(^١) يتوجأ: يطعن. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٢/ ١٢١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٤٨)، وأبو داود (٣٨٧٢)، والترمذى (٢٠٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٢٥)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٢٩٤) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٧٧٨)، ومسلم (١٠٩/ عقب ١٧٥).","vol":"16","page":159},{"text":"خُرَاجٌ فجَزِعَ مِنه، فأخَذَ سِكينًا فجَرَحَ بها يَدَه، فما رَقأَ الدَّمُ (^١) حَتَّى ماتَ، فقالَ ﷿: عبدِى بادَرَنِى بنَفسِه، حَرَّمتُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ عن جَريرٍ. وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جَريرٍ بنِ حازِمٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3418>بابُ إيجابِ القِصاصِ في العَمدِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ [الماندة: ١٤٥] وقالَ: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ١٧٨].\n\n١٥٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عيسَى بنِ ماتِي بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَيَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن عليِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان قُرَيظَةُ والنَّضيرُ، وكانَ النَّضيرُ أشرَفَ مِن قُرَيظَةَ، فكان إذا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيظَةَ رَجُلًا مِنَ النَّضيرِ قُتِلَ به، وإذا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن النَّضيرِ رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيظَةَ أدَّى مِائَةَ وسْقٍ مِن تَمرٍ، فلَمّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضيرِ رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيظَةَ فقالوا: ادفَعوه إلَينا نَقتُلْه.\n_________\n(^١) رقأ الدم: ارتفع جريه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٥٢٧)، وأبو عوانة (١٣٥)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٣٠١) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وأحمد (١٨٨٠٠) من طريق الحسن به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٣٦٤)، ومسلم (١١٣/ ١٨٠).","vol":"16","page":160},{"text":"فقالوا: بَينَنا وبَينَكُمُ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-. فأتَوه فنَزَلَت. ﴿وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]، والقِسطُ: النَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَت ﴿أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ﴾ (^١) [الماندة:٥٠]. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ أبى غَرَزة.\n\n١٥٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الَحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبى العاليَةِ: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى﴾ فقَتَلَ بعدَ أخذِه الدّيَةَ فَلَه عَذاب أليمٌ. ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] يقولُ: حينَ أُطعِمتُمُ الدّيَةَ ولَم تَحِلَّ لأهلِ التَّوراةِ؛ إنَّما هو قِصاصٌ أو عَفوٌ، وكانَ أهلُ الإنجيلِ إنَّما هو عَفوٌ لَيسَ غَيرُه، فجُعِلَ لِهَذِه الأُمَّةِ القَوَدُ والدّيَةُ والعَفوُ. ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٩] يقولُ: جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ القِصاصَ حَياةً لَكُم مِن رَجُلٍ يُريدُ أن يَقتُلَ فيَمنَعُه مِنه مَخافَةَ أن يُقتَلَ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَرائفِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٩٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٩٨ من طريق أحمد بن حازم به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٣٨ من طريق أبى كريب محمد بن العلاء به. والنسائى (٤٧٤٦)، وابن حبان (٥٠٥٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (٣٤٣٤) من طريق عكرمة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٩٤) من طريق آدم به.","vol":"16","page":161},{"text":"حَيَاةٌ﴾ يقولُ: لَكُم في القِصاصِ حَياةٌ بما يَنتَهِى بَعضُكُم عن دِماءِ بَعضٍ أن يُصيبَ الدَّمَ مَخافَةَ أن يُقتَلَ. يقولُ: ﴿لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ﴾ الدِّماءَ إذا خافَ أحَدُكُم أن يُقتَلَ بهِ.\n\n١٥٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن الرُّبَيِّعَ بنتَ النَّضرِ كَسَرَت ثَنيَّةَ جاريَةٍ، فعَرَضوا عَلَيهِمُ الأرشَ (^١) فأبَوا، وعَرَضوا عَلَيهِمُ العَفو فأبَوا، فأتَوُا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فأمَرَ بالقِصاصِ، فجاءَ أخوها أنَسُ بنُ النَّضرِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللّهِ، أتُكسَرُ ثَنيَّةُ الرُّبَيِّع؟ لا والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَق لا تُكسَرُ ثَنيَّتُها. فقالَ النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا أنَسُ، كِتابُ الله القِصاصُ\". قال: فرَضِىَ القَومُ وعَفَوا، فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِن عِبادِ اللَّهِ مَن لَو أقسَمَ على اللَّهِ لأبَرَّه\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِيِّ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِيء مسليم إلَّا بإحدَى ثَلاثٍ\". فذَكَرَ: \"النَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأرش: دية الجراحات. تاج العروس ١٧/ ٦٣ (أ ر ش).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٠٤) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى به. وأبو داود (٤٥٩٥)، والنسائى (٤٧٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٤٩) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى في (١٦١٨٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٠٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٩٤٠).","vol":"16","page":162},{"text":"١٥٩٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتلَ في [عِمِّيَّا أو رِمِّيَّا] (^١) تَكونُ بَينَهُم بحَجَرٍ أو سَوطٍ فعَلَيه عَقلُ خَطأً، ومَن قَتَلَ عَمدًا فقَوَدُ يَدِه (^٢)، ومَن حالَ بَينَه وبَينَه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^٣).\nوصَلَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ مسلمٍ (^٤)، ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ في آخَرينَ عن عمرٍو عن طاوُسٍ مُرسَلًا (^٥).\n\n١٥٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَيَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) العِمَيَّا بالكسر والتشديد والقصر: فِعِّيلَى من العمى كالرمِّيَّا من الرمى. والمعنى أن يوجد بينهم قتيل يعمى أمره ولا يتبين قاتله. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٥، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) فقود يده: أى فحكم قتله قود نفسه، وعبر باليد عن النفس مجازًا، أى فهو قود جزاء لعمل يده الذى هو القتل. حاشة السندى على النسائى (٤٨٠٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٩١)، والنسائى (٤٨٠٣) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به. وسيأتى في (١٦٠٩٤، ١٦٠٩٥، ١٦١٣٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٨٠٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٩٣ من طريق الحسن بن عمارة عن عمرو بن دينار به، وذكره في ٣/ ٩٤ من طريق سليمان بن كثير وإسماعيل بن مسلم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٣٩) من طريق حماد به. وقال الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٣٨٠٣): صحيح بما بعده.","vol":"16","page":163},{"text":"أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وكانَ في الكِتابِ: \"أن مَنِ اعتَبَطَ (^١) مُؤمِنًا قَتلًا عن بَيِّنَة فإِنَّه قَوَدٌ إلَّا أن يَرضَى أولياءُ المَقتولِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى لَيلَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3419>بابُ إيجابِ القِصاصِ عليِّ القاتِلِ دونَ غَيِره</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣].\n\n١٥٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خُصيفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: يَقتُلِ اثنَينِ بواحِدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٥٩٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ (^٥) الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خُصَيفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا﴾ قال: سَبيلًا عَلَيه ﴿فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"اغتبط\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٥ - ٣٩٧. وتقدم في (٧٣٣٦) مطولًا من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧١٩١).\n(^٤) تفسير الثورى ص ١٧٣، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٩٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٥٨٦.\n(^٥) إلى هنا انتهى الفقد المشار إليه عقيب (١٥٨٤٣) من نسخة الأصل.","vol":"16","page":164},{"text":"لا يَقتُلِ اثنَينِ بواحِدٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقيلَ في قَولِه: لا يُسرِف في القَتلِ. قال: لا يَقتُلْ غَيرَ قاتِلِه (^٢). وهَذا يُشبِهُ ما قيلَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٥٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ: ﴿فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] قال: لا يَقتُلْ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، ولا يُمَثلْ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٥٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ عياضٍ وهِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن النّاسَ في الجاهِليَّةِ إذا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ القَومِ رَجُلًا لَم يَرضَوا حَتَّى يَقتُلوا به رَجُلًا شَريفًا، إذا كان قاتِلُهُم غَيرَ شَريفٍ لَم يَقتُلوا قاتِلَهُم وقَتَلوا غَيرَه، فوُعِظوا في ذَلِكَ بقَولِ اللَّهِ ﵎: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا﴾. وقالَ زَيدُ بنُ أسَلمَ:\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١١٢: واهٍ. يعنى عبد الله بن محمد بن المغيرة.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٩.\n(^٣) تفسير الثورى ص ١٧٣. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٥٨٥ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٩٤) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"16","page":165},{"text":"السَّرَفُ أن يَقتُلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِهِ.\nقال الشافِعِيُّ: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾ الآيَةَ (^١) [البقرة: ١٧٨].\n\n١٥٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى داودَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى﴾ قال: كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ فيهِم بَغيٌّ وطاعَةٌ لِلشَّيطانِ، فكانَ الحَيُّ منهم (^٢) إذا كان فيهِم عَدَدٌ وعُدَّةٌ فقُتِلَ لَهُم عبدٌ قَتَلَه عبدُ قَومٍ آخَرينَ قالوا: لا نَقتُلُ به إلَّا حُرًا. تَعَزُّزًا وتَفَضُّلًا على غَيرِهِم فى أنفُسِهِم، وإِذا قُتِلَت لَهُم أُنثَى قَتَلَتها امرأةٌ قالوا: لَن نَقتُلَ بها إلَّا رَجُلًا. فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ يُخبِرُهُم أن العَبدَ بالعَبدِ والحُرَّ بالحُرِّ والأُنثَى بالأُنثَى، ونَهاهُم عن البَغىِ، ثُمَّ أنزَلَ سورَةَ المائدَةِ فقالَ: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥].\n\n١٥٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِبنِ عَبدوسٍ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتُيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٢) فى الأصل، م: \"فيهم\".","vol":"16","page":166},{"text":"مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ في قَولِه: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾ الآيَةَ قال: كان بُدوُّ ذَلِكَ في حَيَّينِ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ اقتَتَلوا قبلَ الإِسلامِ بقَليلٍ، ثُمَّ أسلَموا ولِبَعضهِم على بَعضٍ خُماشاتٌ (^١) وقَتلٌ فطَلَبوها في الإِسلامِ، وكانَ لأحَدِ الحَيَّينِ فضلٌ على الآخَرِ فأقسَموا باللهِ لَيَقتُلُنَّ بالأُنثَى الذَّكَرَ مِنهُم، وبِالعَبدِ الحُرَّ مِنهُم، فلَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ رَضُوا وسَلَّموا.\n\n١٥٩٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ موسَى، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ قال مُقاتِلٌ: أخَذتُ هذا التَّفسيرَ عن نَفَرٍ -حَفِظَ مُعاذٌ مِنهُم مُجاهِدًا والضَّحّاكَ والحَسَنَ- فذَكَرَ مَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: ولِبَعضِهِم على بَعضٍ خُماشاتٌ وقَتلٌ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وما أشبَهَ ما قالوا مِن هذا بما قالوا؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى إنَّما ألزَمَ كُلَّ مُذنِبٍ ذَنبَه، ولَم يَجعَلْ جُرمَ أحَدٍ على غَيرِه. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: وقَد جاءَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أعدَى النّاسِ على اللهِ مَن قَتَلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِهِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) خماشات: هى الجنايات والجراحات التي لا دية فيها كقطع اليد والرجل. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ٢٩٧، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٧٨)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤.","vol":"16","page":167},{"text":"عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِىِّ، عن أبى شُرَيح الخُزاعِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أعتَى النّاسِ على اللهِ مَن قَتَلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، أو طَلَبَ بدَمٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ مِن أهلِ الإسلامِ، أو بَصَّرَ عَينَه ما لَم تُبصِرْ\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ قال: وُجِدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: وُجِدَ في قائمِ سَيفِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كتابٌ: \"إنَّ أعدَى النّاسِ على اللهِ -وفِى حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ.: إنَّ أعتَى النّاسِ على اللهِ- القاتِلُ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، والضّارِبُ غَيرَ ضارِبِه، ومَن تَوَلَّى غَيرَ مَواليه فقَد كَفَرَ بما أنزَلَ اللهُ على محمدٍ -ﷺ-\" (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاق قال: قُلتُ لأبِى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ: ما كان في الصَّحيفَةِ التي كانَت في قِرابِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٧٨)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٩٦ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٧/ ١٧٤: رواه أحمد والطبرانى ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٩٧)، والشافعى ٦/ ٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٠٤) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.","vol":"16","page":168},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: كان فيها: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ القاتِلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، والضّارِبَ غَيرَ ضارِبِه، ومَن تَوَلَّى غَيرَ ولِىِّ نِعمَتِه فقَد كَفَرَ بما أنزَلَ اللهُ على محمدٍ -ﷺ-\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا ابنُ مَوهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكًا، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشَةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: وُجِدَ في قائمِ سَيفِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كِتابانِ: \"إنَّ أشَدَّ النّاسِ عُتوًّا الرَّجُلُ ضَرَبَ غَيرَ ضارِبِه، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، ورَجُلٌ تَوَلَّى غَيرَ أهلِ نِعمَتِه، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِك فقَد كَفَرَ باللهِ ورسولِه، لا يَقبَلُ اللهُ مِنه صَرفًا ولا عَدلًا\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). هو مالكُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي الرِّجالِ يَروى عن أبيهِ.\n\n١٥٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبجَرَ، عن إيادِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٧٩٨)، والشافعى ٦/ ٤. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٣٠) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق عن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه عن جده به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٤/ ٢٣٢: رواه أبو يعلى، وفيه ابن إسحاق، وهو ثقة لكنه مدلس، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الديات (٢٢٨)، والطبرى في تهذيب الآثار (٣٣١ - مسند على بن أبي طالب) من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد به. وأبو يعلى (٤٧٥٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٣١، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤٩ من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن موهب به. وعندهم جميعًا: مالك بن محمد بن عبد الرحمن عن عمرة. وصححه الحاكم. ووافقه الذهبى. وقال الهيثمى ٦/ ٢٩٣: رواه أبو يعلى ورجاله رجال الصحيح، غير مالك بن أبي الرجال، وقد وثقه ابن حبان ولم يضعفه أحد.","vol":"16","page":169},{"text":"لَقيطٍ، عن أبي رِمثَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أبي على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فرأى أبي الَّذِى بظَهرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: دَعنى أُعالِجُ الَّذِى بظَهرِكَ، فإِنِّى طَبيبٌ. فقالَ: \"أنتَ رَفيقٌ\" قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن هذا مَعَكَ؟ \". قال: ابنِى، أشهَدُ بهِ. فقالَ: \"أما إنَّه لا يَجنِى عَلَيكَ ولا تَجنِى عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٩٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إيادٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي رِمثَةَ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ أبي فتَلَقّانا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في طَريقِه، فقالَ لِى أبي: يا بُنَىَّ، هَل تَدرِى مَن هذا المُقبِلُ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: هذا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فاقشَعرَرتُ حينَ قال ذاكَ؛ وذَاكَ أنِّى ظَنَنتُ أنَّه لا يُشبِهُ النّاسَ، فإِذا هو بَشَرٌ ذو وفْرَةٍ (^٢) عَلَيه رَدْعٌ (^٣) مِن حِنّاءٍ، وعَلَيه ثَوبانِ أخضرانِ، فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه أبِى، فرَدَّ ﵇، ثُمَّ قال: \"ابنُكَ هذا؟ \". قال: إى ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ. فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن ثَبَتِ شَبَهِى بأبِى ومِن حَلِفِ أبي علىَّ، ثُمَّ قال: \"أما إنَّه لا يَجنِى عَلَيكَ ولا تَجنِى عَلَيه\". ثُمَّ تَلا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ (^٤) [الأنعام: ١٦٤].\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٠٠)، والشافعى ٦/ ٤، ٥. وأخرجه النسائى (٤٨٤٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وأحمد (٧١٠٦) من طريق إياد بن لقيط به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٤٤٩٢).\n(^٢) الوفرة: شعر الرأس إذا وصل إلى شحمة الأذن. النهاية ٥/ ٢١٠.\n(^٣) ردع: أى صِبْغ. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ٢٨١ (٧٢٠) من طريق عاصم بن على به. وأحمد (٧١٠٩)، وأبو داود (٧٢٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن إياد به. وسيأتى في (١٧٧٥٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن إياد به.","vol":"16","page":170},{"text":"١٥٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ دَنُوقا، حدثنا زَكَريَّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الأحوَصِ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ: \"أىُّ يَومٍ أعظَمُ حُرمَةً؟ \". قالوا: يَومُنا هذا. أو يَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبَرِ. قال: \"فإِنَّ دِماءَكُم وأموالَكُم وأعراضَكُم حَرامٌ كَحُرمَةِ يَومِكُم وبَلَدِكُم، ألا لا يَجنِى جانٍ إلَّا على نَفسِه، لا يَجنِى والِدٌ على ولَدِه ولا مَولودٌ على والِدِه\" (^١).\n\n١٥٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ قال: سَمِعتُ الأسوَدَ بنَ هِلالٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَربوعٍ أن ناسًا مِنهُم أتَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وكانَت بَنو ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَربوعٍ أصابوا رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هَؤُلاءِ بَنو ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَربوعٍ قَتَلَت فُلانًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجنِى نَفسٌ على أخرَى\". هَكَذا قال شُعبَةُ: عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى ثَعلَبَةَ. وقالَ الثَّورِىُّ: عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ زَهدَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٥٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِى أبي المُثَنَّى بنُ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٩٢٥) من طريق زكريا بن على به.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٣٥٣)، ومن طريقه النسائى (٤٨٥٠). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح النسائى (٤٤٩٥). وسيأتى حديث ثعلبة بن زهدم في (١٧٧٥٨).","vol":"16","page":171},{"text":"نَصرِ بنِ حَسّانَ بنِ الحُرِّ بنِ مالكِ بنِ الخَشخاشِ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنى الحُرُّ بنُ حُصَينٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نَصرُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حُصينِ بنِ أبي الحُرِّ، أن أباه مالكًا وعَمَّيه قَيسًا وعُبَيدًا ابنَىِ الخَشخاشِ أتَوُا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فشَكَوا إلَيه غارَةَ خَيلٍ مِن بَنِى عَمِّهِم على النّاسِ، فكَتَبَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هذا كِتابٌ مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِمالِكٍ وقَيسٍ وعُبَيدٍ بَنِى الخَشخاشِ أنَّكُم آمِنونَ مُسلَّمونَ على دِمائِكُم وأموالِكُم، لا تُؤخَذونَ بجَريرَةِ غَيرِكُم، ولا تَجنِى عَلَيكُم إلَّا أيديكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٦٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، عن شُعَيبٍ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أبغَضُ النّاسِ إلَى اللهِ مُلحِدٌ في الحَرَمِ، ومُبتَغٍ في الإِسلامِ سُنَّةَ الجاهِليَّةِ، ومُطلِبُ دَمِ امرِئٌ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ ليُهَرِيقَ دَمَه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٩/ ٢٩٣ (٦٥٣)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٨١٤) من طريق معاذ بن المثنى به. وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة (٨٩٢) من طريق المثنى بن معاذ، وفيه: الحسن بن الحصين. بدلًا من: الحر بن حصين. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٦/ ٢٨٤: رواه الطبرانى وهو مرسل، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٢٨٤)، والطبرانى (١٠٧٤٩)، وفى مسند الشاميين (٢٩٤٠) من طريق أبي اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٨٢).","vol":"16","page":172},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3420>بابُ قَتلِ الرَّجُلِ بالمَرأةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]. وقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمونَ تَتَكافأُ دِهاؤُهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٦٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾ الآيَةَ كُلَّها [البقرة: ١٧٨]، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ الآيَةَ كُلَّها. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فلَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ أُقيدَتِ المَرأةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ، وفيما تُعُمِّدَ مِنَ الجِراحِ.\n\n١٦٠٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ أن سعيدَ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: الرَّجُلُ يُقتَلُ بالمَرأةِ إذا قَتَلَها، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا خَليفَةُ الخَيّاطُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنونَ تَتَكافأُ دِماؤُهُم، وهُم يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٦٠٠٩).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٧٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٣٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٧٠) من طريق خليفة بن خياط به.","vol":"16","page":173},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى القَنطَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسننُ والدّيَاتُ، وبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، وكانَ فيه: \"وإنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقتَلُ بالمَرأةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ قالا: حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ: أن يَهوديًّا قَتَلَ جاريَةً على أوضاحٍ (^٣)، فقَتَلَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بها (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3421>بابٌّ فيمَن لا قِصاصَ بَينَه باختِلافِ الدِّينَيِن</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى﴾\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٦٠١٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦) مطولًا.\n(^٣) الأوضاح: حلى من فضة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٧١.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٤١)، والنسائى (٤٧٥٤) من طريق سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٥)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩١) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٨٨٥).","vol":"16","page":174},{"text":"إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨].\n\n١٦٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريَّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: سألتُ عَليًّا -﵁- وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ شَيبانَ: قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁- هَل عِندَكُم مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- شَئٌ سِوَى القُرآنِ؟ فقالَ: لا والَّذِى فلَقَ الحَبَّةَ وبَرأ النَّسَمَةَ، إلَّا أن يُعطىَ اللهُ عبدًا فهمًا في كِتابِه وما في الصَّحيفَةِ. قُلتُ: وما في الصَّحيفَةِ؟ قال: العَقلُ (^١) وفَكاكُ الأسيرِ، ولا يُقتَلُ مُسلِمٌ بكافِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الِإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أبو جُحَيفَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁-. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) العقل: الدية. فتح البارى ١/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٨٤)، والشافعى ٦/ ٣٨، ٧/ ١٧٧، ٣٢٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٩)، والنسائى (٤٧٥٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. والترمذى (١٤١٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٥٨) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٩٠٣).","vol":"16","page":175},{"text":"١٦٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁-: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ هَل عِندَكُم مِنَ الوَحىِ شَئٌ؟ قال: لا والَّذِى فلَقَ الحَبَّةَ وبَرأ النَّسَمَةَ ما أعلَمُه، إلاَّ فهمًا يُعطيه اللهُ رَجُلًا وما في الصَّحيفَةِ. قُلتُ: وما في الصَّحيفَةِ؟ قال: العَقلُ وفَكاكُ الأسيرِ، ولا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بمُشرِكٍ. قالَ زُهَيرٌ: فقُلتُ لِمُطَرِّفٍ: وما فَكاكُ الأسيرِ؟ قال: أن يُفَكَّ مِنَ العَدوِّ، جَرَت بذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ. وقالَ مُطَرِّف: العَقلُ المُعَقَّلَةُ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: أتَينا عَليًّا -﵁- أنا وجاريَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ السَّعدِىُّ فقُلنا: هَل مَعَكَ عَهدٌ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ: لا إلَّا ما في قِرابِ سَيفِى. فأخرَجَ إلَينا مِنه كِتابًا فقَرأه، فإِذا فيه: \"المُسلِمونَ تتَكافأُ دِماؤُهُم، ويَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، وهُم يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم، ألا لا يُقتَلُ مُسلِمٌ بكافِرٍ، ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِه، ألا مَن أحدَثَ حَدَثًا أو آوَى مُحدِثًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنَّاسِ أجمَعينَ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٩١٥).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٨٧٨)، وسيأتى في (١٦٨٩٥).","vol":"16","page":176},{"text":"١٦٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن أبنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ- أحسِبُه قال: ومُجاهِدٍ والحَسَنِ- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ الفَتحِ: \"لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهَذا عامٌّ عِندَ أهلِ المَغازِى؛ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَكَلَّمَ به في خُطبَتِه يَومَ الفَتحِ، وهو يُروَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُسنَدًا مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ وحَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠١١ - قال الشيخُ: أمّا حَديثُ عمرٍو فأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي جَميعًا، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ عامَ الفَتحِ فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّه ما كان مِن حِلفٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ فإِنَّ الإِسلامَ لَم يَزِدْه إلَّا شِدَّةً، ولا حِلفَ في الإِسلامِ، والمُسلِمونَ يَدٌ على مَنْ سِواهُم، يَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم أقصاهُم، تَرُدُّ سَراياهُم على قَعَدَتِهِم، لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ، ديَةُ الكافِرِ نِصفُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٨٢)، والمعرفة (٤٩٨٢)، والشافعى ٦/ ٣٨، ٧/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٢) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٧.","vol":"16","page":177},{"text":"ديَةِ المُؤمِنِ، لا جَلَبَ، ولا جَنَبَ (^١) ولا تُؤخَذُ صَدَقاتُهُم إلَّا في دُورِهِم\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ.\n\n١٦٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو على، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنى هُشَيمٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمونَ تَكافأ دِماؤُهُم، يَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، ويُجيرُ عَلَيهِم أقصاهُم، وهُم يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم، يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُم على مُضعِفِهِم، ومُتَسَرِّعُهُم على قاعِدِهِم، لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ، ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِه\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٠١٣ - وأمّا حَديثُ عِمرانَ فأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) للجلب معنيان؛ أحدهما في الزكاة، وهو أن ينزل المصدِّق موضعًا ويرسل من يجلب إليه الأموال من أماكنها ليأخذ زكاتها، والثانى في السباق، وهو أن يتبع الرجل فرسه فيزجره ويصيح حثًّا له على الجرى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٨١.\nوأما الجنب فله معان؛ أحدها أن ينزل العامل بأقصى مواضع أصحاب الصدقة ثم يأمر بالأموال أن تحضر إليه، أو هو أن يبعد صاحب المال بماله عن موضعه حتى يحتاج العامل إلى الإبعاد في اتباعه وطلبه. أو هو أن يجنب فرسًا إلى فرسه الذى يسابق عليه، فإذا فتر المركوب تحول إلى المجنوب. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٨٦ بالإسناد الثانى. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٢٤) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم ابن سعد به مختصرًا. وتقدم في (١٣٠٦١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٥١). وأخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٧٧١، ١٠٧٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٩٠).","vol":"16","page":178},{"text":"عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن خُرَينِقَ بنتِ الحُصَينِ، عن أخيها عِمرانَ بنِ الحُصينِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الفَتحِ: \"ألَم تَرَ إلَى ما صَنَعَ صاحِبُكُم هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ؟ لَو قَتَلتُ مُؤمِنًا بكافِرٍ لَقَتَلتُه، فدُوه\". فوَدَيناه وبَنو مُدلِجٍ معنا، فجاءوا بغَنَمٍ عُفرٍ (^١) لَم أرَ أحسَنَ مِنها ألوانًا، وكانَت بَنو مُدلِجٍ حُلَفاءَ بَنِى كَعبٍ في الجاهِليةِ (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا الواقِدِىُّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عثمانَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"خِراشُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ\". بَدَلَ: \"هِلالُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ\". ولَم يَذكُرِ الدّيَةَ وما بَعدَها (^٣).\n\n١٦٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ الصَّيرَفِئُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا ابنُ مَوهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مالكًا، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشَةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: وُجِدَ في قائمِ سَيفِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كِتابانِ. فذَكَرَ أحَدَهُما قال: وفِى الآخَرِ: \"المُؤمِنونَ تَكافأُ دِماؤُهُم، ويَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، لا يُقتَلُ مُسلِمٌ بكافِرٍ، ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِه، ولا يَتَوارَثُ أهلُ مِلَّتَينِ، ولا تُنكَحُ المَرأةُ على عَمَّتِها ولا على خالَتِها، ولا صَلاةَ بعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، ولا تُسافِرُ المَرأةُ ثلاثَ لَيالٍ إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) غنم عفر: أى بيض ليس بياضها بناصع. فيص القدير ٢/ ٧٧.\n(^٢) عزاه ابن حجر في الإصابة ١١/ ٢٣٩ إلى المصنف في الخلافيات من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١١٧: يزيد متروك.\n(^٣) مغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٨٤٥، وعنده: عن عمرو بن عمير بن عبد الملك بن عبيد عن جويرية بنت الحصين عن عمران بن الحصين.","vol":"16","page":179},{"text":"مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ\" (^١). ابنُ مَوهَبٍ هو عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، ومالِكٌ هو ابنُ أبي الرِّجالِ، وأبو الرِّجالِ هو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِىُّ الَّذِى رَوَى عنه ابنُه مالكٌ.\n\n١٦٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ (^٢) بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن عبدِ السَّلامِ بنِ أبي الجَنوبِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ، ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِه، والمُسلِمونَ يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم تتَكافأُ دِماؤُهُم\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3422>بابُ بَيانِ ضَعفِ الخَبَرِ الَّذِى رُوىَ في قَتلِ المُؤمِنِ بالكافِرِ وما جاءَ عن الصَّحابَةِ في ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٦٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ الرُّهاوىُّ، أخبرَى جَدِّى سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّهاوىُّ أن عَمّارَ بنَ مَطَرٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأسلَمِىُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (١٠٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٩٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن على ٥/ ١٩٦٨. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٨٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعيد الجوهرى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١١٨: عبد السلام متروك. وقال الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢١٧٣): صحيح بما قبله.","vol":"16","page":180},{"text":"عن ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَتَلَ مُسلِمًا بمُعاهَدٍ وقالَ: \"أنا أكرَمُ مَن وفَى بذِمَّتِه\" (^١). هذا خَطأٌ مِن وجهَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما وصلُه بذِكرِ ابنِ عُمَرَ فيه، وإِنَّما هو عن ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا، والآخَرُ رِوايَتُه عن إبراهيمَ عن رَبيعَةَ، وإِنَّما يَرويه إبراهيمُ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، والحَملُ فيه على عَمّارِ بنِ مَطَرٍ الرُّهاوىِّ؛ فقَد كان يَقلِبُ الأسانيدَ ويَسرِقُ الأحاديثَ، حَتَّى كَثُرَ ذَلِكَ في رِواياتِه وسَقَطَ عن حَدِّ الاحتِجاجِ بهِ (^٢):\n\n١٦٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ، فرُفِعَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أحَقُّ مَن وفَى بذِمَّتِه\". ثُمَّ أمَرَ به فقُتِلَ (^٣). هذا هو الأصلُ في هذا البابِ، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويه غَيرُ ثِقَةٍ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوىَ عن رَبيعَةَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٦٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٤، وقال: لم يسنده غير إبراهيم بن أبي يحيى، وهو متروك الحديث.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٥١).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم (٢٣٨). وأخرجه الشافعى ٧/ ٣٢٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن أبي يحيى به.\n(^٤) تقدم تضعيف المصنف لعبد الرحمن بن البيلمانى عقب (١١٣٨٤). وينظر الكلام عليه عقب (١٦٠٢١).","vol":"16","page":181},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى رَبيعَةُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنّا عاهَدناكَ وبايَعناكَ على كذا وكذا، وقَد خُتِرَ (^١) برَجُلٍ مِنّا فقُتِلَ. فقالَ: \"أنا أحَقُّ مَن أوفَى بذِمَّتِه\". فأمكَنَه مِنه فضرِبَت عُنُقُه (^٢).\n\n١٦٠١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ يَرفَعُه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أقادَ مُسلِمًا قَتَلَ يَهوديًّا. وقالَ الرَّمادِىُّ: أقادَ مُسلِمًا بذِمِّىٍّ. وقالَ: \"أنا أحَقُّ مَن وفَى بذِمَّتِى\" (^٣).\nويُقالُ: إنَّ رَبيعَةَ إنَّما أخَذَه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي يَحيَى، والحَديثُ يَدورُ عَلَيهِ:\n\n١٦٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ سَلامٍ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي يَحيَى يُحَدِّثُه عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ،\n_________\n(^١) الختر: الغدر. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٨، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٠٩)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٥٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٩٥، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٥ من طريق ربيعة بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٥، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥١٤).","vol":"16","page":182},{"text":"وسَمِعتُ أبا يوسُفَ يُحَدِّثُه عن رَبيعَةِ الرّأىِ؛ كِلاهُما عن ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَنِى عن ابنِ أبي يَحيَى أنَّه قال: أنا حَدَّثتُ رَبيعَةَ بهَذا الحَديثِ. فإِنَّما دارَ الحَديثُ على ابنِ أبي يَحيَى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أقادَ مُسلِمًا بمُعاهَدٍ وقالَ: \"أنا أحَقُّ مَن وفَى بذِمَّتِه\". قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهَذا حَديث لَيسَ بمُسنَدٍ، ولا يُجعَلُ مِثلُه إمامًا يُسفَكُ به دِماءُ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقَد أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: قُلتُ لِزُفَرَ: إنَّكُم تَقولونَ: إنّا نَدرأُ الحَدَّ (^٢) بالشُّبُهاتِ، وإِنَّكُم جِئتُم إلَى أعظَمِ الشُّبُهاتِ فأقدَمتُم عَلَيها. قال: وما هو؟ قال: قُلتُ: المُسلِمُ يُقتَلُ بالكافِرِ. قال: فاشهَدْ أنتَ على رُجوعِى عن هَذا. قال: وكَذَلِكَ قَولُ أهلِ الحِجازِ لا يُقيدونَه به، وأمّا قَولُه: \"ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِه\". فإِنَّ ذا العَهدِ الرَّجُلُ مِن أهلِ دارِ الحَربِ يَدخُلُ إلَينا بأمانٍ، فقَتلُه مُحَرَّمٌ على المُسلِمينَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى مأمَنِه، وأصلُ هذا مِن قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ﴾ (^٣) [التوبة: ٦].\n\n١٦٠٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ قال: لَقِيتُ زُفَرَ فقُلتُ\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٠٥.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"الحدود\".\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦.","vol":"16","page":183},{"text":"له: صِرتُم حَديثًا في الناسِ وضُحْكَةً. قال: وما ذاكَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: تَقولونَ في الأشياءِ كُلِّها: ادْرَءوا الحُدودَ بالشُّبُهاتِ. وجِئتُم إلَى أعظَمِ الحُدودِ فقُلتُم: تُقامُ بالشُّبُهاتِ. قال: وما ذاكَ؟ قُلتُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ\". فقُلتُم: يُقتَلُ به. قال: فإِنِّى أُشهِدُكَ السّاعَةَ أنِّى قَد رَجَعتُ عَنه (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: حَديثُ ابنِ البَيلَمانِىِّ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَتَلَ مُسلِمًا بمُعاهَدٍ هذا إنَّما يَدورُ على ابنِ أبي يَحيَى، لَيس له وجهٌ، حجاجٌ إنَّما أخَذَه عَنه (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ البخارىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ قال: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ البَيلَمانِىِّ حَديثُه مُنكَرٌ، ورَوَى عنه رَبيعَةُ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَتَلَ مُسلِمًا بمُعاهَدٍ، وهو مُرسَلٌ مُنكَرٌ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ: ابنُ البَيلَمانِىِّ ضَعيفٌ، لا تَقومُ به حَجَّةٌ إذا وصَلَ الحديثَ، فكَيفَ بما يُرسِلُه؟! واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٩٨، والحاكم في معرفة علوم الحديث ١/ ٢٠٤، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ١٠، والخطيب البغدادى في الفقيه والمتفقه (٧٣٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٨١٨).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٤.","vol":"16","page":184},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3423>الرِّواياتُ فيه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁</span>-\n\n١٦٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ أن قَيسَ بنَ سَعدٍ حَدَّثَه عن مَكحولٍ، أن عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ -﵁- دَعا نَبَطيًّا (^١) يُمسِكُ له دابَّتَه عِندَ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ فأبَى، فضرَبَه فشَجَّه، فاستَعدَى عَلَيه عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ له: ما دَعاكَ إلَى ما صَنَعتَ بهَذا؟ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أمَرتُه أن يُمسِكَ دابَّتِى فأبَى، وأنا رَجُلٌ فىَّ حَدٌّ (^٢) فضرَبتُه. فقالَ: اجلِس لِلقِصاصِ. فقالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: أتُقيدُ عبدَكَ مِن أخيكَ؟ فتَرَكَ عُمَرُ -﵁- القَوَدَ وقَضى عَلَيه بالدّيَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ أن يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِه وقَد جَرَحَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ، فأرادَ أن يُقيدَه فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: ما يَنبَغِى هَذا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: إذًا نُضعِفَ عَلَيه العَقلَ. فأضعَفَه.\nورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَكيمٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يُحَدِّثُ النّاسَ أن رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ قُتِلَ بالشّامِ\n_________\n(^١) نبطى: واحد الأنباط، وقد تقدم التعريف بهم في (١١٢٠٢).\n(^٢) الحد: ما يعترى الإنسان من الغضب. التاج ٨/ ٧ (ح د د).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٩/ ٢٩٧ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"16","page":185},{"text":"عَمدًا، وعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إذ ذاكَ بالشّامِ، فلَمّا بَلَغَه ذَلِكَ قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: قَد وقَعتُم بأهلِ الذِّمَّةِ، لأقتُلَنَّه بهِ. فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ -﵁-: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ لَكَ. فصَلَّى ثُمَّ دَعا أبا عُبَيدَةَ فقالَ: لِمَ زَعَمتَ لا أقتُلُه بهِ؟ فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ -﵁-: أرأيتَ لَو قَتَلَ عبدًا له أكُنتَ قاتِلَه به؟ فصَمَتَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيه بألفِ دينارٍ مُغَلِّظًا عَلَيهِ.\n\n١٦٠٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن اْهلِ الحِيرَةِ، فكَتَبَ فيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- أن يُدفَعَ إلَى أولياءِ المَقتولِ، فإِن شاءوا قَتَلوا وإِن شاءوا عَفَوا. فدُفِعَ الرَّجُلُ إلَى ولِىِّ المَقتولِ -إلَى رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له حُنَينٌ مِن أهلِ الحِيرَةِ- فقَتَلَه، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ: إن كان الرَّجُلُ لَم يُقتَلْ فلا تَقتُلوه. فرأَوا أن عُمَرَ -﵁- أرادَ أن يُرضيَهُم مِنَ الدّيَةِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: الَّذِى رَجَعَ إلَيه أولَى به، ولَعَلَّه أرادَ أن يُخيفَه بالقَتلِ ولا يَقتُلَه. قال الَّذِى تكلَّمَ مَعَه: فقَد رُوّيتُم عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أن عُمَرَ -﵁- كَتَبَ في مسلمٍ قَتَلَ نَصرانيًّا: إن كان القاتِلُ قَتّالًا فاقتُلوه، وإِن كان غَيرَ قَتّالٍ فذَروه ولا تَقتُلوه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قَد رُوّيناه، فاتَّبعْ عُمَرَ -﵁- كما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨١٥)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣٢١، ومحمد بن الحسن في الحجة ٤/ ٣٥٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٥١٥) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"16","page":186},{"text":"قال، فأنتَ لا تَتّرَبِعُه فيما قال. قال: فيثبُتُ عِندَكُم عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مِن هذا شَئٌ؟ قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قُلنا: ولا حَرفٌ، وهَذِه أحاديثُ مُنقَطِعاتٌ أو ضِعافٌ أو تَجمَعُ الانقِطاعَ والضَّعفَ جَميعًا (^١).\n\n١٦٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن شَيخٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- في مسلمٍ قَتَلَ مُعاهَدًا فكَتَبَ: إن كانَت طَيْرَةً (^٢) في غَضبٍ، فأغرِم أربَعَةَ آلافٍ، وإِن كان لِصًّا عاديًا فاقتُلْه.\n\n١٦٠٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ البَغدادِىُّ ببَلخَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن عمرٍو، عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبي بَزَّةَ، أن رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ بالشّامِ، فرُفِعَ إلَى أبي عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ فيه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: إن كان ذاكَ مِنه خُلُقًا فقَدِّمْه فاضرِبْ عُنُقَه، وإِن كانَت هِىَ طَيْرَةً طارَها، فأغرِمْه دِيَتَه (^٣) أربَعَة آلافٍ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرنة عقب (٤٨١٨)، والأم ٧/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٢) طيرة: زلة. النهاية ٣/ ١٥٢، والتاج ١٢/ ٤٥٩ (ط ى ر)، وفيهما بكسر الطاء وفتح الياء (ضبط قلم)، وضبطناها بالفتح فالسكون تبعًا للأصل.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.","vol":"16","page":187},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3424>الرِّواياتُ فيه عن عثمانَ -﵁</span>-\n\n١٦٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بتُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، أن رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذَّمَّةِ عَمدًا ورُفِعَ إلَى عثمان -﵁- فلَم يَقتُلْه، وغَلَّظَ عَلَيه الدّيَةَ مِثلَ ديَةِ المُسلِمِ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا زَحمُويَه، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ شِهابٍ قال: كان عثمانُ -﵁- ومُعاويَةُ لا يُقِيدانِ المُشرِكَ مِنَ المُسلِمِ (^٢). الأوَّلُ مَوصولٌ، وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٦٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن ابنَ شاسٍ الجُذامِىَّ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أنباطِ الشّامِ، فرُفِعَ إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- فأمَرَ بقَتلِه، فكَلَّمَه الزُّبَيرُ -﵁- وناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- -﵃- فنَهَوه عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٥، ١٤٦، وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٢٤، ١٨٤٩٢). وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ١٦: قال ابن حزم: هذا في غاية الصحة.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٢٩.","vol":"16","page":188},{"text":"قَتلِه. قال: فجَعَلَ ديَتَه ألفَ دينارٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ -﵁-: قُلتُ: هذا مِن حَديثِ مَن يُجهَلُ، فإِن كان غَير ثابِتٍ فدَعِ الاحتِجاجَ به، وإِن كان ثابِتًا فقَد زَعَمتَ أنَّه أرادَ قَتلَه فمَنَعَه أُناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجَعَ لَهُم، فهَذا عثمانُ -﵁- وأُناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُجمِعونَ ألا يُقتَلَ مُسلِمٌ بكافِرٍ، فكَيفَ خالَفتَهُم؟ (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3425>الرِّواياتُ فيه عن علىٍّ -﵁</span>-\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ أبي جُحَيفَةَ وقَيسِ بنِ عُبادٍ عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبِ -﵁- فيما كان عِندَه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- في الصَّحيفَةِ مِن ألا يُقتَلَ مُسلِمٌ بكافِرٍ (^٣).\nوفِى ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على ضَعفِ ما:\n\n١٦٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ الأسَدِىُّ، عن أبانِ بنِ تَغلِبَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ، عن أبي الجَنوبِ الأسَدِىِّ قال: أُتِىَ علىُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ برَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ. قال: فقامَت عَلَيه البَيِّنَةُ فأمَرَ بقَتلِه، فجاءَ أخوه فقالَ: إنِّى قَد عَفَوتُ. قال: فلَعَلَّهُم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨١٦)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣٢١. وأخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٩٨٩ من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٣) تقدم حديث أبي جحيفة في (١٦٠٠٦)، وحديث قيس في (١٦٠٠٩).","vol":"16","page":189},{"text":"هَدَّدوكَ وفَرَّقوكَ وفَزَّعوكَ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنَّ قَتلَه لا يَرُدُّ علىَّ أخِى، وعَوَّضونِى فرَضِيتُ. قال: أنتَ أعلمُ، مَن كان له ذِمَّتُنا فدَمُه كَدَمِنا ديَتُهَ ديَتِنا (^١). كَذا قال: حَسَنٍ. وقالَ غَيرُه: حُسَينِ بنِ مَيمونٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ (^٢): أبو الجَنوبِ ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في القَديمِ: وفِى حَديثِ أبي جُحَيفَةَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- ما دَلَّكُم أن عَليًّا لا يَروى عن النَبِى -ﷺ- شَيئًا ويَقولَ بخِلافِهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3426>بابٌّ: لا يُقتَلُ حُرٌّ بعَبدٍ</span>\n\n١٦٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- كانا لا يَقتُلانِ الحُرَّ يَقْتُلُ العَبدَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٠٣٢ - قال علىٌّ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨١٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣٢١.\n(^٢) من هنا فقد في الأصل حتى أواخر (١٦٠٤٢).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٧.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٨٢١).\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٤، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٦٦)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٢٤١).","vol":"16","page":190},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ العباسِ الطَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ والحَجّاجِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه. مِثلَه سَواءً (^١).\n\n١٦٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو السّائبِ سَلْمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ ألَّا يُقتَلَ حُرٌّ بعَبدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ البُرِّىُّ، عن جوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُقتَلُ حُرٌّ بعَبدٍ\" (^٣). في هذا الإِسنادِ ضَعفٌ (^٤).\n\n١٦٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللهِ -﵄- في الحُرِّ يَقتُلُ العَبدَ، قالا: القَوَدُ (^٥). هذا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٤. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢١: وحجاج فيه لين.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٣، وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٢٧) من طريق وكيع به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢١: فيه إرسال، وجابر واهٍ.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٣. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ١٦: وفيه جويبر وغيره من المتروكين.\n(^٤) تقدم تضعيف المصنف لعبد الله بن رشيد في (١١٧٠٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٨٢٥) من طريق الحكم به.","vol":"16","page":191},{"text":"مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٦٠٣٦ - وأخبَرَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مالكٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: قال علىٌّ وابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: إذا قَتَلَ الحُرُّ العَبدَ مُتَعَمِّدًا فهو قَوَدٌ (^١). قال علىٌّ: لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ؛ لأنَّه مُرسَلٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لا يُقادُ الحُرُّ بالعَبدِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن بُكَيرٍ أن السُّنَّةَ مَضَت بألَّا يُقتَلَ الحُرُّ المُسلِمُ بالعَبدِ وإِن قَتَلَه عَمدًا، وعَلَيه العَقلُ.\n\n١٦٠٣٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: لا قَوَدَ بَينَ الحُرِّ والعَبدِ في شَئٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٦٧)، وابن أبي عاصم في الديات عقب (٢٤١) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٣.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥١٨). وأخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٨٥) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٨٨).","vol":"16","page":192},{"text":"إلَّا أن العَبدَ إذا قَتَلَ الحُرَّ عَمدًا قُتِلَ بهِ. وقالَ لِى مالكٌ مِثلَه (^١).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ مِثلَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3427>بابُ ما رُوىَ فيمَن قَتَلَ عبدَه أو مَثَّلَ بهِ</span>\n\n١٦٠٤٠ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ عبدَه قَتَلناه، ومَن جَدَعَه (^٢) جَدَعناه، ومَن خَصاه خَصَيناه\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَ عبدَه قَتَلناه، ومَن جَدَعَ عبدَه جَدَعناه\". قال قَتادَةُ: ثُمَّ إنَّ الحَسَنَ نَسِىَ هذا الحديثَ قال: لا يُقتَلُ حُرٌّ بعَبدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المدونة ١٦/ ٣٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٦٨٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) جدعه: قطع أطرافه. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٩٧.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٤٧)، ومن طريقه النسائى (٤٧٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٥١٦) من طريق هشام به. والترمذى (٤١٤) من طريق قتادة به. وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥١٧) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. وأحمد (٢٠٢١٤)، والنسائى (٤٧٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٨٧).","vol":"16","page":193},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ الحَسَنُ لَم يَنسَ الحديثَ، لَكِن رَغِبَ عنه لِضَعفِه (^١)، وأكثَرُ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ رَغِبوا عن رِوايَةِ الحَسَنِ عن سَمُرَةَ، وذَهَبَ بَعضهُم إلَى أنَّه لَم يَسمَعْ مِنه غَيرَ حَديثِ العَقيقَةِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: قال أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ: عن شُعبَةَ قال: لَم يَسمَعِ الحَسَنُ مِن سَمُرَةَ (^٣).\nقال: وسَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: لَم يَسمَعِ الحَسَنُ مِن سَمُرَةَ شَيئًا، هو كِتابٌ. قالَ يَحيَى في حَديثِ الحَسَنِ عن سَمُرَةَ \"مَن قَتَلَ عبدَه قَتَلناه\": ذاكَ في سَماعِ البَغداديّينَ، ولَم يَسمَعِ الحَسَنُ مِن سَمُرَةَ (^٤).\nوأمّا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ فكان يُثبِتُ سَماعَ الحَسَنِ مِن سَمُرَةَ (^٥)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ والفَضلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ الشَّعرانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ المِصرِىُّ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ كاتِبُ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عيسَى القُرَشِىِّ ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٢: كذا قال المؤلف، والحديث فما هو عند الحسن بضعيف.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٩٢٩١، ١٩٣١٧، ١٩٣١٨).\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٤) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٥) ينظر علل ابن المدينى ص ٦٠.","vol":"16","page":194},{"text":"الأسَدِىِّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَت جاريَةٌ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَت: إنَّ سَيِّدِى اتَّهَمَنِى فأقعَدَنِى على النّارِ حَتَّى احتَرَقَ فرجِى. فقالَ لها عُمَرُ -﵁-: هَل رأى ذَلِكَ عَلَيكِ؟ قالَت: لا. قال: فهَلِ اعتَرَفتِ له بشَئٍ؟ قالَت: لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: علىَّ به. فلَمّا رأى عُمَرُ الرَّجُلَ قال: أتُعَذِّبُ بعَذابِ اللهِ؟ قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اتَّهَمتُها في نَفسِها. قال: رأيتَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيها؟ قال الرَّجُلُ: لا. قال: فاعتَرَفَت لَكَ به؟ قال: لا. قال: والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَو لَم أسمَعْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يُقادُ مَملوكٌ مِن مالكِه، ولا ولَدٌ مِن (^١) والِدِه\" لأقَدتُها مِنكَ. فبَرَّزَه فضرَ بَه مِائَةَ سَوطٍ، وقالَ لِلجاريَةِ: اذهَبِى فأنتِ حُرَّةٌ لِوَجهِ اللهِ، وأنتِ مَولاةُ اللهِ ورسولِهِ. قال أبو صالِحٍ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ: وهَذا القَولُ مَعمولٌ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىًّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدانُ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرَّملِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عيسَى. فذَكَرَه بنَحوهِ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا الحَديثُ لا أعلمُ رَواه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بهَذا الإِسنادِ غَيرُ عُمَرَ بنِ عيسَى، وعن عُمَرَ هذا غَيرُ اللَّيثِ، وهو\n_________\n(^١) هنا نهاية المفقود من الأصل. المشار إليه عقب (١٦٠٣٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٨٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٥، ٢١٦، ٤/ ٣٦٨ وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبى فقال: بل عمر بن عيسى منكر الحديث. وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الديات (٢٨٢) مختصرًا، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٣٢٩) من طريق عبد الله بن سعد به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٦٥٧) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.","vol":"16","page":195},{"text":"مَعروفٌ بهَذا، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُ عن البُخارِىِّ أنَّه مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: كان لِزِنباعٍ عبدٌ يُسَمَّى سَندَرًا أو ابنَ سَندَرٍ، فوَجَدَه يُقَبِّلُ جاريَةً له، فأخَذَه فجَبَّه (^٢) وجَدَعَ أُذُنَيه وأنفَه، فأتَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأرسَلَ إلَى زِنباعٍ فقالَ: \"لا تُحَمِّلوهُم ما لا يُطيقونَ، وأطعِموهُم مِمّا تأكُلونَ، واكسوهُمَ مِمّا تَلبَسونَ (^٣)، وما كَرِهتُم فبيعوا، وما رَضِيتُم فأمسِكوا، ولا تُعَذِّبوا خَلقَ اللهِ\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن مُثِّلَ به أو حُرِّقَ بالنّارِ فهو حُرٌّ، وهو مَولَى اللهِ ورسولِه\". فأعتَقَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أوصِ بى. فقالَ: \"أوصِى بكَ كلَّ مسلمٍ\" (^٤). المُثَنَّى بنُ الصَّبّاحِ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٥). ورُوىَ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن عمرٍو مُختَصَرًا، ولا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن على ٥/ ١٧١٣.\n(^٢) الجباب: استئصال الخصية. التاج ٢/ ١١٧ (ج ب ب).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل، وحاشية م: \"تكتسون\".\n(^٤) أخرجه مالك في المدونة ٧/ ٢١٩ من طريق ابن وهب به. والخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٧٢٣)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٧/ ٣٩٧ من طريق المثنى بن الصباح به.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٦٤٤).\n(^٦) الحجاج بن أرطاة تقدم عقب (٣٢).","vol":"16","page":196},{"text":"ورُوىَ عن سَوّارٍ أبي حَمزَةَ عن عمرٍو، ولَيسَ بالقَوىِّ (^١)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ (^٢) بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الصّابونِىِّ الأنطاكِىُّ قاضى الثُّغورِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ (^٣) الحَكَمِ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رَجُلًا قَتَلَ عبدَه مُتَعَمِّدًا، فجَلَدَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مِائَةَ جَلدَةٍ، ونَفاه سنةً، ومَحا سَهمَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ولَم يُقِدْه به، وأمَرَه أن يُعتِقَ رَقَبَةً (^٤).\n\n١٦٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ الحِمصىُّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي فروَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- برَجُلٍ قَتَلَ عبدَه مُتَعَمِّدًا، فجَلَدَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِائَةً، ونَفاه سنةً، ومَحا سَهمَه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) سوار بن داود المزنى الصيرفى، أبو حمزة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٦٨، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٧٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٣٦. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٣٩: صدوق له أوهام.\n(^٢) في المهذب ٦/ ٣١٢٣: \"الحسن\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"عبد\". وهو كذلك عند الدارقطنى.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٣. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٣٧ من طريق محمد بن عبد العزيز الرملى به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ١٦: محمد بن عبد العزيز الشامى، قال فيه أبو حاتم: لم يكن عندهم بالمحمود، وعنده غرائب.","vol":"16","page":197},{"text":"المُسلِمينَ، ولَمْ يُقِدْه بهِ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٤٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ أبي فروَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- كانا يَقولانِ: لا يُقتَلُ المُؤمِنُ بعَبدِه، ولَكِن يُضرَبُ ويُطالُ حَبسُه ويُحرَمُ سَهمَه (^٣).\nأسانيدُ هذه الأحاديثِ ضَعيفَةٌ لا يَقومُ بشَئٍ مِنها الحُجَّةُ، إلَّا أن أكثَرَ أهلِ العِلمِ على ألَّا يُقتَلَ الرَّجُلُ بعَبدِه، وقَد رُوّيناه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ والشَّعبِىِّ والزُّهرِىِّ وغَيرِهِم.\n\n١٦٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَيى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أن سُلَيمانَ المُزَنِىَّ حَدَّثَه أنَّه استَفتَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ -﵄- عن رَجُلٍ نَوَّطَ (^٤) عبدًا له فماتَ ولَم يُرِدْ قَتلَه، فقالَ له ابنُ عباسٍ: ليُعتِقْ رَقَبَةً أو ليَصُمْ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٦١)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٢٤٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٦٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٣: لم يصح هذا.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٦٢). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٤ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٦٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨١٣٩) من طريق الحجاج به.\n(^٤) النوط: التعليق. التاج ٢٠/ ١٥٥ (ن وط).","vol":"16","page":198},{"text":"شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3428>بابٌ: العَبدُ يُقتَلُ فيه قيمَتُه بالِغَةً ما بَلَغَت</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وهَذ! يُروَى عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄- (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ في كِتابِ \"العلل\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىِّ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄- في الحُرِّ يَقتُلُ العَبدَ قالا: ثَمَنُه ما بَلَغَ (^٢). وهَذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\n\n١٦٠٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ العباسِ يَعنى الطَّبَرِىَّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁- في الحُرِّ يَقتُلُ العَبدَ قال: فيه ثَمَنُه (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ دَرّاجٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في العَبدِ يُصابُ قال: قيمَتُه بالِغَةً ما بَلَغَت (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مختصر المزنى ص ٢٤٧.\n(^٢) العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٢٢٢٥).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٣٤. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٣: في سنده محمد بن الحسن النقاش متهم.\n(^٤) أخرجه مالك في المدونة ١٦/ ٣٦٩ من طريق أبن شهاب الزهرى به بنحوه.","vol":"16","page":199},{"text":"١٦٠٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ في العَبدِ يُقتَلُ خَطأً قالا: ثَمَنُه ما بَلَغَ.\nورُوّيناه أيضًا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وسالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٥٣ - ورُوىَ ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللهِ وشُرَيحٍ قالوا: ثَمَنُه وإِن خَلَّفَ ديَةَ الحُرِّ. أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢)، وفيه إرسالٌ بَينَه وبَينَ عبدِ الكَريمِ.\n\n١٦٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ الرَّقاشِىِّ، حَدَّثَنى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- \"لأن أجلِسَ مَعَ قَومٍ يَذكُرونَ اللهَ بعدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ إلَى أن تَطلُعَ الشُّمسُ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِمّا طَلَعَت عَلَيه الشَّمسُ، ولأن أجلِسَ مَعَ قَومٍ يَذكُرونَ اللهَ بعدَ العَصرِ إلَى أن تَغيبَ الشَّمسُ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُعتِقَ ثَمانيَةً مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ ديَةُ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم اثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر المدونة ١٦/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٥٣). وأخرجه مالك في المدونة ١٦/ ٣٦٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٨١٧٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطيالسى (٢٢١٨)، وأبو يعلى (٤١٢٦)، والطبرانى في الدعاء (١٨٧٩)، =","vol":"16","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3429>بابُ العَبدِ يَقتُلُ الحُرَّ</span>\n\n١٦٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا قَتَلَ العَبدُ الحُرَّ رُفِعَ إلَى أولياءِ المَقتولِ، فإِن شاءوا قَتَلوا، وإِن شاءوا استَحيَوه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: إن شاءوا استِحياءَه وأرادوا الدّيَةَ بِيعَ في ديَةِ المَقتولِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3430>بابُ العَبدِ يَقتُلُ العَبدَ</span>\n\n١٦٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن في كِتابٍ لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: يُقادُ المَملوكُ مِنَ المَملوكِ في كُلِّ عَمدٍ يَبلُغُ نَفسَه فما دونَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3431>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَقتُلُ ابنَهُ</span>\n\n١٦٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ،\n_________\n= وابن السنى (٦٧٠) من طريق يزيد الرقاشى به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٤: يزيد واهٍ.\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٣٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٠٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٦٨٩). وأخرجه مالك في المدونة ١٦/ ٣٦٧ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"16","page":201},{"text":"أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ يُقالُ له: قَتادَةُ. حَذَفَ ابنَه بسَيفٍ فأصابَ ساقَه فنُزِىَ (^١) في جُرحِه فماتَ، فقَدِمَ سُراقَةُ بنُ جُعشُمٍ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ عُمَرُ: اعدُدْ لِى على قُدَيدٍ عِشرينَ ومِائَةَ بَعيرٍ حَتَّى أقدَمَ عَلَيكَ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ أخَذَ مِن تِلكَ الإبِلِ ثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً وثَلاثينَ جَذَعَةً وأربَعينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمَّ قال: أينَ أخُ المَقتولِ؟ قال: ها أنا ذا. قال: خُذْها فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِل شَئٌ\". زادَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَد حَفِظتُ عن عَدَدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ لَقِيتُهُم ألَّا يُقتَلَ الوالِدُ بالوَلَدِ، وبِذَلِكَ أقولُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا الحَديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ فأكَّدَه الشّافِعِىُّ بأنَّ عَدَدًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يقولُ به، وقَد رُوىَ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٦٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ، حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ سابِقٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنى ابنَ أبى قَيسٍ، عن مَنصورٍ يَعنى ابنَ المُعتَمِرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: نَحَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) يقال: نُزف دمه ونُزِى إذا جرى ولم ينقطع. النهاية ٥/ ٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٢٩)، والشافعى ٦/ ٣٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦٧. ومن طريقه النسائى في الكبرى (٦٣٦٨) مختصرًا. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وفيه: أبا قتادة. وسيأتى في (١٦٢٢٨، ١٦٥٦٥). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢١٤١).","vol":"16","page":202},{"text":"لِرَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ جاريَةً فأصابَ مِنها ابنًا، فكانَ يَستَخدِمُها، فلَمّا شَبَّ الغُلامُ دَعاها يَومًا فقالَ: اصنَعِى كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ: لا تأتيكَ، حَتَّى مَتَى تَسْتأمِى أُمِّى؟ قال: فغَضبَ فحَذَفَه بسَيفِه، فأصابَ رِجلَه فنَزَفَ الغُلامُ فماتَ، فانطَلَقَ في رَهطٍ مِن قَومِه إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَ: يا عَدوَّ نَفسِه، أنتَ الَذِى قَتَلتَ ابنَكَ؟ لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يُقادُ الأبُ مِنِ ابنِه\" لَقَتَلتُكَ، هَلُمَّ ديَتَه. قال: فأتاه بعِشرينَ أو ثَلاثينَ ومِائَةِ بَعيرٍ. قال: فخَيَّرَ مِنها مِائَةً فدَفَعَها إلَى ورَثَتِه وتَرَكَ أباه (^١).\nورَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: حَضَرتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يُقيدُ الابنَ مِن أبيه، ولا يُقيدُ الأبَ مِنِ ابنِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى الزُّهرِىُّ القاضِى بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مسلمٍ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ طَريفٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: عَرفَجَةُ. عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيسَ على الوالِدِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٩٦)، والمعرفة (٤٨٣٠). وأخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (٧٨٨)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٠ من طريق محمد بن مسلم ابن وارة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٩٧). وأخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٠٤٠) من طريق الحجاج بن أرطاة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١١٢٩).","vol":"16","page":203},{"text":"قَوَدٌ مِن ولَدٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ قال: إسماعيلُ بنُ مسلمٌ أخبرَنا عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُقامُ الحُدودُ في المَساجِدِ، ولا يُقادُ الوالِدُ بالوَلَدِ\" (^٢). إسماعيلُ بنُ مسلمٍ المَكَئُ هذا فيه ضَعف (^٣).\nوقَد رُوىَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَنبَرِىِّ عن عمرٍو، فاللهُ أعلمُ:\n\n١٦٠٦١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ التَّمّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ العَنبَرِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُقامُ الحُدودُ في المَساجِدِ، ولا يُقتَلُ والِدٌ بوَلَدٍ\" (^٤). أبو حَفصٍ التَّمّارُ هو أبو تَمّامٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عامِرٍ السَّعدِىُّ، كان يَنزِلُ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٢٩٩٨) من طريق عرفجة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٣٥٧) من طريق حعفر بن عون به. والترمذى (١٤٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٩٩، ٢٦٦١) من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به. وقال الترمذى: إسماعيل بن مسلم المكى قد تكلم فيه بعض أهل العلم من قبل حفظه. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١١٣٠).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٣١٤٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٢ من طريق الحسن بن على المعمرى به.","vol":"16","page":204},{"text":"بَنِى رِفاعَةَ.\nورَواه أيضًا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ مَوصولًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3432>بابُ القَوَدِ بَيَن الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ، وبَيَن العَبيدِ فيما دونَ النَّفسِ</span>\nقال البخارىُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ: يُذكَرُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-: تُقادُ المَرأةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ في كُلِّ عَمدٍ يَبلُغُ نَفسَه فما دونَها مِنَ الجِراحِ. وبِه قال عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأبو الزِّنادِ عن أصحابِهِ. قال: وجَرَحَت أُختُ الرُّبَيِّعِ إنسانًا، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"القِصاصُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الرِّوايَةُ في ذَلِكَ عن العُمَرَينِ فقَد مَضَت عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن في كِتابٍ لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: يُقادُ المَملوكُ مِنَ المَملوكِ في كُلِّ عَمدٍ يَبلُغُ نَفسَه فما دونَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nوأمَّا حَديثُ أُختِ الرُّبَيِّعِ:\n\n١٦٠٦٢ - فأخبَرناه أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الرعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِت، عن أنَسٍ. فذَكَرَه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ بتَمامِه في مَوضِعِه (^٤) إن شاءَ اللهُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٤٨٣٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٢ من طريق سعيد به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٥: إن كان محفوظًا عن سعيد فحسن.\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (٦٨٨٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٠٥٦).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٦١٨٧).","vol":"16","page":205},{"text":"وخالَفَه حُمَيدٌ عن أنَسٍ فقالَ: لَطَمَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ بنتُ مُعَوِّذٍ جاريَةً فكَسَرَت ثَنيَّتَها (^١). وثابِتٌ أحفَظُ، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّهُما قِصَّتانِ، وهَذا هو الأظهَرُ.\nورُوىَ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄-:\n\n١٦٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨]. قال: كانوا لا يَقتُلونَ الرَّجُلَ بالمَرأةِ، ولَكِن يَقتُلونَ الرَّجُلَ بالرَّجُلِ والمَرأةَ بالمَرأةِ، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]. قال: فجَعَلَ الأحرارَ في القِصاصِ سَواءً فيما بَينَهُم في العَمدِ؛ رِجالَهُم ونِساءَهُم، في النَّفسِ وفيما دونَ النَّفسِ، وجَعَلَ العَبيدَ مُستَوينَ فيما بَينَهُم في العَمدِ، في النَّفسِ وفيما دونَ النَّفسِ، رِجالَهُم ونِساءَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، أن السُّنَّةَ مَضَت فيما بَلَغَه بذَلِكَ إذا كانا حُرَّينِ -يَعنى الرَّجُلَ والمَرأةَ- فإِن فقأ عَينَها فُقِئَت عَينُه. قال: وبَلَغَنِى\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٦١٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٧٨) من طريق أبي صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"16","page":206},{"text":"عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ أنَّه يُقتَلُ بها ويُقتَصُّ مِنه (^١).\nوأمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن التّابِعينَ:\n\n١٦٠٦٥ - فأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ في مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم مِن نُظَرائِهِم أهلِ فقهٍ وفَضلٍ، ورُبَّما اختَلَفوا في الشَّئِ، فأخَذنا بقَولِ أكثَرِهِم وأفضَلِهِم رأيًا، وكانَ الَّذِى وعَيتُ عَنهُم على هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: المَرأةُ تُقادُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ عَينًا بعَينٍ وأُذُنًا بأُذُنٍ، وكُلُّ شَئٍ مِنَ الجِراحِ على ذَلِكَ، وإِن قَتَلَها قُتِلَ بها.\nورُوّيناه عن الزُّهرِىِّ وغَيرِهِ.\nورَوَى سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن المُغيرَةِ عن إبراهيمَ قال: القِصاصُ بَينَ الرَّجُلِ والمَرأةِ في العَمدِ.\nوعن جابِرٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ مِثلَه.\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.","vol":"16","page":207},{"text":"وعن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ مِثلَه:\n\n١٦٠٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ.\nوَرُوّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ وإِبراهيمَ بخِلافِه فيما دونَ النَّفسِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3433>بابُ النَّفَرِ يَقتُلونَ الرَّجُلَ</span>\n\n١٦٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَتَلَ نَفَرًا خَمسَةً أو سَبعَةً برَجُلٍ قَتَلوه - قَتْلَ غِيلةٍ (^١)، وقالَ: لَو تَمالأ عَلَيه أهلُ صَنعاءَ لَقَتَلتُهُم جَميعًا (^٢).\nقال البخارىُّ في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ: قال لىَ ابنُ بَشّارٍ: حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن غُلامًا قُتِلَ غِيلَةً، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لَو اشتَرَكَ فيها أهلُ صَنعاءَ لَقَتَلتُهُم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الغيلة: أن يغتال الإنسان فيخدع بالشئ حتى يصير إلى موضع يستخفى له، فإذا صار إليه قتله. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٣١)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٢، ومالك ٢/ ٨٧١. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٨١٤٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٠٢ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به بلفظ: سبعة نفر. بدون شك.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٩٦).","vol":"16","page":208},{"text":"١٦٠٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: إنَّ صَبيًّا قُتِلَ بصَنعاءَ غِيلَةً، فقَتَلَ عُمَرُ -﵁- به سَبعَةً، وقالَ: لَو اشتَرَكَ فيه أهلُ صَنعاءَ لَقَتَلتُهُم (^١).\n\n١٦٠٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- قَتَلَ سَبعَةً مِن أهلِ صَنعاءَ اشتَرَكوا في دَمِ غُلامٍ، وقالَ: لَو تَمالأ عَلَيه أهلُ صَنعاءَ لَقَتَلتُهُم جَميعًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، والأوَّلُ يَحيَى القَطّانُ.\nقال البخارىُّ: وقالَ مُغيرَةُ بنُ حَكيمٍ عن أبيه: إن أربَعَةً قَتَلوا صَبيًّا، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁- مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو الغباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ أن المُغيرَةَ بنَ حَكيمٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٠٤)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٠١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨١٤٦) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٦٨٩٦).","vol":"16","page":209},{"text":"الصَّنعانِىَّ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه، أن امرأةً بصَنعاءَ غابَ عَنها زَوجُها وتَرَكَ في حَجرِها ابنًا له مِن غَيرِها، غُلامٌ يُقالُ له: أُصَيلٌ. فاتَّخَذَتِ المَرأةُ بعدَ زَوجِها خَليلًا، فقالَت لخَليلِها: إنَّ هذا الغُلامَ يَفضَحُنا فاقتُله. فأبَى، فامتَنَعَت مِنه فطاوَعَها، واجتَمَعَ على قَتلِه الرَّجُلُ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ والمرأةُ وخادِمُها، فقَتَلوه ثُمَّ قَطَّعوه أعضاءً وجَعَلوه في عَيبَةٍ (^١) مِن أدَمٍ فطَرَحوه في رَكِيَّةٍ (^٢) في ناحيَةِ القَريَةِ ولَيسَ فيها ماءٌ، ثُمَّ صاحَتِ المرأةُ، فاجتَمَعَ الناسُ فخَرَجوا يَطلُبونَ الغُلامَ، قال: فمَرَّ رَجُلٌ بالرَّكِيَّةِ التي فيها الغُلامُ، فخَرَجَ مِنها الذُّبابُ الأخضَرُ فقُلنا: واللهِ إنَّ في هذه لَجيفَةً. ومعنا خَليلُها فأخَذَته رِعدَةٌ فذَهَبنا به فحَبَسناه، وأرسَلنا رَجُلًا فأخرَجَ الغُلامَ، فأخَذنا الرَّجُلَ فاعتَرَفَ، فأخبرَنا الخَبَرَ، فاعتَرَفَتِ المَرأةُ والرَّجُلُ الآخَرُ وخادِمُها، فكَتَبَ يَعلَى، وهو يَومَئذٍ أميرٌ، بشأنِهِم، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ -﵁- بقَتلِهِم جَميعًا، وقالَ: واللهِ لَو أن أهلَ صَنعاءَ شَرِكوا في قَتلِه لَقَتَلتُهُم أجمَعينَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: خَرَجَ قَومٌ فصَحِبَهُم رَجُلٌ، فقَدِموا ولَيسَ مَعَهُم، فاتَّهَمَهُم أهلُه، فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: شُهودَكُم أنَّهُم قَتَلوا صاحِبَكُم، وإِلَّا حَلَفوا باللهِ ما قَتَلوه. فأتَوا بهِم (^٤) عَليًّا -﵁-. قال سعيدٌ: وأنا عِندَه، ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُم فاعتَرَفوا. قال: فسَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: أنا\n_________\n(^١) عيبة: وعاء. ينظر فتح البارى ١٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٢) الركية: البئر التى لم تطو في ناحية القرية ليس فيها ماء. ينظر فتح البارى ١٢/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٤٨٣)، ومن طريقه قاسم بن أصبغ في جامعه - كما في تغليق التعليق ٥/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٤) في الأصل، س، ص ٨، م: \"به\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وكتب فوقه: \"صح\".","vol":"16","page":210},{"text":"أبو حَسَنٍ القَرمُ (^١). فأمَرَ بهِم علىٌّ -﵁- فقُتِلوا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3434>بابُ الاِثنَيِن أو أكثَرَ يَقطَعانِ يَدَ رَجُلٍ مَعًا</span>\n\n١٦٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن مُطَرفٍ، عن عامِرٍ يَعنِى الشَّعبِىَّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن رَجُلَينِ أتَيا عَليًّا -﵁-، فشَهِدا على رَجُلٍ أنَّه سَرَقَ، فقَطَعَ علىٌّ -﵁- يَدَه، ثُمَّ أتَياه بآخَرَ، فقالا: هذا الَّذِى سَىرَقَ وأخطأْنا على الأوَّلِ. فلَم يُجِزْ شَهادَتَهُما على الآخَرِ، وغَرَّمَهُا ديَةَ يَدِ الأوَّلِ، وقالَ: لَو أعلَمُكُما تَعَمَّدتُما لَقَطَعتُكُما (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في تَرجَمَةِ البابِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3435>بابُ مَن عَلَيه القِصاصُ في القَتلِ وما دونَهُ</span>\n\n١٦٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ موسَى قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) القرم: فحل الإبل، ومنه قيل للرئيس: قرم. يريد بذلك أنه المقدم في الرأى والمعرفة بالأمور، فهو فيهم -ﷺ- بمنزلة القرم في الابل. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨١٤٧) من طريق أبي إسحاق السبيعى به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٣٢، ٥٩٧٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٨١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٦١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى قبل (٦٨٩٦).","vol":"16","page":211},{"text":"وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ، وعن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: قال مالكٌ: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إلَى مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ أنَّه أُتِىَ بمَجنونٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فكَتَبَ إلَيه مُعاويَةُ أن اعقِله ولا تُقِد مِنه؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ على مَجنونٍ قَوَدٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ كَتَبَ إلَى مُعاويَةَ يَذكُرُ (^٣) أنَّه أُتِىَ بسَكرانَ قَد قَتَلَ رَجُلًا، فكَتَبَ إلَيه مُعاويَةُ أن اقتُلْه بهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٦٤، ١٢٢٨٤).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٥/ ٢ ومخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٨٥١.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"له\".\n(^٤) ذكره مالك بلاغًا ٢/ ٨٧٢. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٨: الخبران منقطعان.","vol":"16","page":212},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3436>جماعُ أبوابِ صِفَةِ قَتلِ العَمدِ وشِبهِ العَمدِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3437>بابُ عَمدِ القَتلِ بالسَّيفِ أو السِّكّيِن أو ما يَشُقُّ بحَدِّهِ</span>\n\n١٦٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوىُّ ﵀ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا سَختُويَه بنُ مازيارَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وسُفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن أبي عازِبٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ شَئٍ خَطأٌ إلَّا السَّيفَ، ولِكُلِّ خَطأٍ أرشٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ العَلَوىِّ (^١).\n\n١٦٠٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ شَئٍ خَطأً إلَّا السَّيفَ -يَعنِى الحَديدَةَ- ولِكُلِّ خَطأٍ أرشٌ\".\n\n١٦٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي عثمانَ الزّاهِدُ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٥٤٢ من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧١٨٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٩٠)، وأحمد (١٨٣٩٥) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":213},{"text":"أبي حَصينٍ، عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ بنتِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ شَئٍ سِوَى الحَديدَةِ خَطأٌ ولِكُلِّ خَطأٍ أرشٌ\" (^١). مَدارُ هذا الحَديثِ على جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ (^٢) وقَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ (^٣)، ولا يُحتَجُّ بهِما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3438>بابُ عَمدِ القَتلِ بالحَجَرِ وغَيِره ممّا الأغلَبُ أنَّه لا يُعاشُ مِن مِثلِهِ</span>\n\n١٦٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن جاريَةً خَرَجَت عَلَيها أوضاحٌ، فأخَذَها يَهودِىٌّ فرَضَخَ (^٤) رأسَها بحَجَرٍ وأخَذَ ما عَلَيها، فأُتِىَ بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبِها رَمَقٌ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَكِ؟ فُلانٌ؟ \". قالَت برأسِها: لا. فقالوا: اليَهودِىُّ؟ قالَت برأسِها نَعَم، فاْخَذَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرَضَخَ رأسَه بَينَ حَجَرَينِ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٧ من طريق قيس بن الربيع به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٢٩: وصاحبا النعمان لا يعرفان.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١١٨٥٩).\n(^٤) الرضخ: الدق والكسر. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٠٧) عن يزيد به. وأبو داود (٤٥٢٩)، والنسائى (٤٧٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٦٨٧٧، ٦٨٧٩)، ومسلم (١٦٧٢/ ١٥).","vol":"16","page":214},{"text":"١٦٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ وأبو سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا هَمّام، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن جاريَةً وجَدوا رأسَها بَينَ حَجَرَينِ، فقيلَ لها: مَن فعَلَ بكِ هذا؟ أفُلانٌ؟ أفُلانٌ؟ حَتَى سُمِّىَ اليَهودِىُّ، فأومَت برأسِها، فأُخِذَ فجِئَ به فاعتَرَفَ، فأمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فرُضَّ (^١) رأسُه بحِجارَةٍ. وقالَ أبو سلمةَ: بَينَ حَجَرَينِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سلمةَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن هَدّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- سألَ النّاسَ في الجَنينِ، فقامَ حَمَلُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ النّابِغَةِ فقالَ: كُنتُ بَينَ امرأتَينِ لِى، فضَرَبَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بعَمودٍ وفِى بَطنِها جَنينٌ فقَتَلَه، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ (^٤)، وقَضَى أن تُقتَلَ المرأةُ بالمرأةِ (^٥). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، وفيما ذَكَرَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ في كِتابِ \"العلل\" قال: سألتُ محمدًا يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحَديثِ فقالَ: هذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ\n_________\n(^١) الرض: الدق الجريش. النهاية ٢/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٦١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤١٣)، ومسلم (١٦٧٢/ ١٧).\n(^٤) الغرة: العبد أو الأمة. النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذى في العلل (٣٩٨) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وسيأتى في (١٦٤٩١).","vol":"16","page":215},{"text":"عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن طاوُسٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وابنُ جُرَيجٍ حافِظٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو كما قال البخاريُّ في وصلِ الحَديثِ بذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه، إلَّا أن في لَفظِه زيادَةً لَم أجِدْها في شَئٍ مِن طُرُقِ هذا الحَديثِ وهِىَ قَتلُ المرأةِ بالمَرأةِ، وفِى حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولًا (^٢)، وحَديثِ ابنِ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وحَديثِ جابِرٍ (^٤) وأبِى هريرةَ (^٥) مَوصولًا ثابِتًا، أنَّه قَضَى بديَتِها على العاقِلَةِ.\n\n١٦٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ طاوُسًا يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه وقالَ فيه: فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في جَنينِها بغُرَّةٍ، وأن تُقتَلَ بها. قال: فقُلتُ لِعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ: أخبَرَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه أنَّه قَضَى بديَتِها وبِغُرَّةٍ في جَنينِها. فقالَ: لَقَد شَكَّكتَنِى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) علل الترمذى ص ٢٢١، ٢٢٢.\n(^٢) سيأتى في (١٦٤٩٦).\n(^٣) سيأتى في (١٦٤٩٠).\n(^٤) سيأتى في (١٦٤٥٥).\n(^٥) سيأتى في (١٦٤٤٩، ١٦٤٥٤، ١٦٤٨٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٣٩) عن عبد الرزاق وأبى بكر به. وهو في مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٣٤٢) عن ابن جريج عن ابن طاوس عن طاوس. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٦/ ٢٩٩: رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"16","page":216},{"text":"١٦٠٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مسلمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البُرسانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقُلتُ لِعَمرٍو: لا، أخبَرَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ: شَكَّكتَنِى (^١).\n\n١٦٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عَبيدَةَ بنِ مُسافِعٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَقسِمُ شَيئًا أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ فأكَبَّ عَلَيه، فطَعَنَه بعُرجونٍ كان مَعَه فجُرِحَ الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَعالَ فاستَقِدْ\". فقالَ: بَل عَفَوتُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، أخبرَنا أشياخُنا الَّذينَ أدرَكوا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أن رَجُلًا رَمَى رَجُلًا بحَجَرٍ فأقادَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١١٧. وتقدم عند أحمد قريبًا.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٥٢٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٢٢٩)، وأبو داود (٤٥٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٧٨٧)، وابن حبان (٦٤٣٤). وسيأتى في (١٦١١١). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٧٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨١٣٤) من طريق زياد بن علاقة عن رجل.","vol":"16","page":217},{"text":"١٦٠٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن مِرداسٍ، أن رَجُلًا رَمَى رَجُلًا بحَجَرٍ فقَتَلَه، فأُتِىَ به النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فأقادَه مِنه (^١).\n\n١٦٠٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ أبى ثَورٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن مِرداسِ بنِ عُروةَ قال: رَمَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحَىِّ أخًا لِى فقَتَلَه ففَرَّ، فوَجَدناه عِندَ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ، فانطَلَقنا به إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأقادَنا مِنه (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٨٧ - ورُوّينا عن بشرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن عِمرانَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ البَراءِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن عَرَّضَ عَرَّضنا له، ومَن حَرَّقَ حَرَّقناه، ومَن غَرَّقَ غَرَّقناه\". وهو فيما أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيِّ، حدثنا بشرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٦١. ومسدد - كما في الإتحاف (٤٥٧٢). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٣١: محمد لين.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٢٩ (٧١٠) عن عبدان به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤٣٥ من طريق الوليد بن أبى ثور به. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٦/ ٢٨٨: رواه الطبراني وفيه محمد بن جابر السحيمى، وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٣)، وفي المعرفة (٥١٧٢) من طريق عثمان بن سعيد به مختصرًا. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٣١: ما أعرف بشرًا ولا شيخه، ولا رواية لهما في الستة.","vol":"16","page":218},{"text":"١٦٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن جَروَةَ بنِ حُمَيلٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لَيَضرِ بَنَّ أحَدُكُم أخاه بمِثلِ آكِلَةِ اللَّحمِ، ثُمَّ يَرَى أنِّى لا أُقيدُه، والله لأُقيدَنَّه مِنه (^١).\nتابَعَه إسرائيلُ عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَير عن جَروَةَ عن أبيه عن عُمَرَ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال يَزيدُ: قال الحَجّاجُ: آكِلَةُ اللَّحمِ يَعنِى عَصًا مُحَدَّدَةً. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وفِي هذا الحَديثِ مِنَ الحُكمِ أنَّه رأى القَوَدَ في القَتلِ بغَيرِ حَديدَةٍ، وذَلِكَ إذا كان مِثلُه يَقتُلُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أن عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيَّ قال: يَنطَلِقُ الرَّجُلُ الأيِّدُ (^٣) إلَى رَجُلٍ يَضرِبُه بالعَصا حَتَّى يَقتُلَه، ثُمَّ يقولُ: لَيسَ بعَمدٍ. وأيُّ العَمدِ أعمَدُ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٤)؟!\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٨٠. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ١٥٤ عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٢٨٠، ٢٨١.\n(^٣) الأيّد: القوى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٨٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧١٨٥) عن ابن جريج عن أبي الزبير عن عبيد بن عمير.","vol":"16","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3439>بابُ شِبهِ العَمدِ</span>\nوهو ما عَمَدَ إلَى الرَّجُلِ بالعَصا الخَفيفَةِ أو السَّوطِ، الضَّربُ الَّذِى الأغلَبُ أنَّه لا يُماتُ مِن مِثلِهِ.\n\n١٦٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألا إنَّ في قَتيلِ العَمدِ الخَطأَ بالسَّوطِ أو العَصا مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ مُغَلَّظَةً، مِنها أربَعونَ خَلِفَةً في بُطونِها أولادُها\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ السُّكَّرِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: حَضَرتُ مَجلِسَ المُزَنِيِّ يَومًا، وسألَه سائلٌ مِنَ العِراقيّينَ عن شِبهِ العَمدِ، فقالَ السّائلُ: إنَّ اللهَ ﵎ وصَفَ القَتلَ في كِتابِه صِفَتَينِ؛ عَمدًا وخَطأً، فلِمَ قُلتُم: إنَّه على ثَلاثَةِ أصنافٍ؟ ولِمَ قُلتُم: شِبهُ العَمدِ يَعنِى؟ فاحتَجَّ المُزَنِيُّ بهَذا الحَديثِ، فقالَ له مُناظِرُه: أتَحتَجُّ بعَلِيِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ؟ فسَكَتَ المُزَنِيُّ، فقُلتُ لِمُناظِرِه: قَد رَوَى هذا الخَبَرَ غَيرُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ. فقالَ: ومَن رَواه غَيرُ عليٍّ؟ قُلتُ: رَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِيُّ وخالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ (^٢). قال لِى: فمَن عُقبَةُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٧٠)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٠٥، ٧/ ٣٣٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٨٣)، والنسائي (٤٨١٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٨) عن سفيان بن عيينة به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢١٢٧).\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"عن عقبة بن أوس\".","vol":"16","page":220},{"text":"أوسٍ؟ فقُلتُ: عُقبَةُ بنُ أوسٍ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، وقَد (^١) رَواه (^٢) عنه محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ مَعَ جَلالَتِه. فقالَ لِلمُزَنِيِّ: أنتَ تُناظِرُ أو هذا؟ فقالَ: إذا جاءَ الحَديثُ فهو يُناظِرُ؛ لأنَّه أعلمُ بالحَديثِ مِنِّى، ثُمَّ أتَكَلَّمُ أنا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا حَديثُ أيّوبَ:\n\n١٦٠٩١ - فأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى خَلَفٍ الصوفيُّ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"قَتلُ الخَطأَ شِبهِ العَمدِ بالسَّوطِ والعَصا فيها (^٤) مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، مِنها أربَعونَ في بُطونِها أولادُها\" (^٥). كَذا قال أيّوبُ: عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ.\nوأمّا حَديثُ خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ:\n\n١٦٠٩٢ - فأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"قد\".\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل. وهي كذلك في المهذب ٦/ ٣١٣٢، وطبقات الشافعية للسبكى ٣/ ١١٣. وفي طبقات الفقهاء للشيرازى ص ١٠٦، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٧١، ونصب الراية ٤/ ٣٣١: \"روى\" ولعله الصواب.\n(^٣) ينظر المصادر في الحاشية السابقة.\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٣٣)، والنسائي (٤٨٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٧) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٥٨).","vol":"16","page":221},{"text":"أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ أوسٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"ألا إنَّ في قَتيلِ الخَطأَ شِبهِ العَمدِ قَتيلِ السَّوطِ والعَصا، الدّيَةَ مُغَلَّظَةً، مِنها أربَعونَ في بُطونِها أولادُها\" (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ.\nوقَد رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ فأقامَ إسنادَه:\n\n١٦٠٩٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ أوسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ يَومَ الفَتحِ بمَكَّةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا إنَّ ديَةَ (^٢) الخَطأَ شِبهِ العَمدِ، ما كان بالسَّوطِ والعَصا، مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، مِنها أربَعونَ في بُطونِها أولادُها\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه وُهَيبٌ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ (^٤)، ورُوّينا عن عمرِو بن شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في قَتلِ العَمدِ وشِبهِ العَمدِ وقَتلِ الخَطأَ، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ في كِتابِ الدّيَاتِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٧١، ٤٨٨٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٥، وسيأتى في (١٦٢٠٨، ١٦٢٣١).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"قتيل\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠١٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٤٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه عقب (٢٦٢٧) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والنسائي (٤٨٠٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٠٧، ٣٨٣٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٤٨)، وابن حبان (٦٠١١) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٦٢١٧، ١٦٢٢٧، ١٦٢٢٨).","vol":"16","page":222},{"text":"١٦٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ في عِمّيَّةِ (^١) في رِمّيَّا (^٢) تَكونُ بَينَهُم بحِجارَةٍ، أو جَلدٍ بالسَّوطِ، أو ضَربِ بعَصًا، فهو خَطأٌ عَقلُه عَقلُ الخَطأَ، ومَن قُتِلَ عَمدًا فهو قَوَدُ يَدِه، فمَن حالَ دونَه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ الله وغَضَبُه، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٦٠٩٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قُتِلَ في عِمّيَّا أو رِمّيَّا تَكونُ بَينَهُم بحَجَرٍ أو بعَصًا، فعَقلُه عَقلُ خَطأ، ومَن قُتِلَ عَمدًا فقَوَدُ يَدَيه، فمَن حالَ بَينَه وبَينَه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عمية: من العماء، أي الضلالة، كالقتال في العصبية والأهواء. وحكى بعضهم فيها ضم العين. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٢) الرميا: من الرمى، وهو مصدر يراد به المبالغة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٣٦)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٣٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٣٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٠٣): صحيح بما بعده.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠١٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٩١)، والنسائي (٤٨٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٥) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٨٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٠٤).","vol":"16","page":223},{"text":"قَولُه: \"فعَقلُه عَقلُ خَطأ\" يُريدُ به واللهُ أعلمُ شِبهَ الخَطأ وهو شِبهُ العَمدِ، وقَولُه: \"فهو خَطأٌ\" يُريدُ به شِبهَ خَطأ؛ حَتَّى لا يَجِبَ به القَوَدُ، وقَد يحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به الخَطأَ المَحضَ، وذَلِكَ أن يَرمِىَ شَيئًا فيُصيبَ غَيرَه، فيَكونَ عَقلُه عَقلَ الخَطأ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٠٩٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدّارَكِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^١) اللهِ المخزومِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"وشِبهُ العَمدِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ، ولا يُقتَلُ به صاحِبُه، وذَلِكَ أن يَنزوَ الشَّيطانُ بَينَ القَبيلَةِ فيَكونَ بَينَهُم رِمّيَّا بالحِجارَةِ في عِمّيَّا، في غَيرِ ضَغينَةٍ ولا حَملِ سِلاحٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ضَرَبَ بسَوطٍ ظُلمًا اقتُصَّ مِنه يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م \"عبد\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠١٥) عن الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في الأدب المفرد (١٨٦)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٨٦ من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به.","vol":"16","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3440>بابُ مَن سَقَى رَجُلًا سُمًّا</span>\n\n١٦٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن امرأةً يَهوديَّةً أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بشاةٍ مَسمومَةٍ فأكَلَ مِنها، فجِئَ بها فقيلَ: ألا تَقتُلُها؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فما زِلتُ أعرِفُها في لَهَواتِ (^١) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٦٠٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ النَّضرِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ؛ قال ابنُ النَّضرِ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ الآخَرانِ: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِىٍّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ إسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فجِئَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فسألَها عن ذَلِكَ قالَت: أرَدتُ لأقتُلَكَ. فقالَ: \"ما كان اللهُ ليُسَلِّطَكِ على ذَلِكِ\". أو قالَ: \"عليَّ\". قالوا: ألا تَقتُلُها (^٣)؟ قال: \"لا\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَجَبِيِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ عرَبِيٍّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) اللهوات: جمع لهاة، وهي اللحمة التى بأعلى الحنجرة من أقصى الفم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٨٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"نقتلها\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل (١٦١٠) بدون ذكر ابن النضر ومحمد بن إسماعيل. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٠٨) عن يحيى بن حبيب به. وسيأتى في (١٩٧٤٨).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٦١٧)، ومسلم (٢١٩٠).","vol":"16","page":225},{"text":"١٦١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ وأبِى سلمةَ -قال هارونُ: عن أبي هريرةَ- أن امرأةً مِنَ اليَهودِ أهدَت إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- شاةً مَسمومَةً. قال: فما عَرَضَ لها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٦١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: كان جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ أن يَهوديَّةً مِن أهلِ خَيبَرَ سَمَّت شاةً مَصْليَّةً (^٢) ثُمَّ أهدَتها لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الذِّراعَ فأكَلَ مِنها، وأكَلَ رَهطٌ مِن أصحابِه مَعَه، ثُمَّ قال لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ارفَعوا أيديَكُم\". وأرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَهوديَّةِ، فدَعاها فقالَ لها: \"أسَمَمتِ هذه الشّاةَ؟ \" قالَتِ اليَهوديَّةُ: مَن أخبَرَكَ؟ قال: \"أخبَرَتنِى هذه في يَدِى\". لِلذِّراعِ، قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"فما أرَدتِ إلَى ذَلِكِ؟ \" قالَت: قُلتُ: إن كان نَبيًّا فلَن يَضُرَّه، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ نَبيًّا استَرَحنا مِنه. فعَفا عَنها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يُعاقِبْها، وتوُفِّىَ بَعضُ أصحابِه الَّذينَ أكَلوا مِنَ الشّاةِ، واحتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على كاهِلِه مِن أجلِ الَّذِى أكَلَ مِنَ الشّاةِ، حَجَمَه أبو هِندٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٠٩). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٧٢): ضعيف الإسناد.\n(^٢) مصلية: أي مشوية. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٣٥.","vol":"16","page":226},{"text":"بالقَرنِ (^١) والشَّفرَةِ، وهو مَولًى لِبَنِى بَياضَةَ مِنَ الأنصارِ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أهدَت له يَهوديَّةٌ بخَيبَرَ شاةً مَصليَّةً. نَحوَ حَديثِ جابِرٍ، قال: فماتَ بشرُ بنُ البَراءِ بنِ مَعرورٍ، فأرسَلَ إلَى اليَهوديَّةِ: \"ما حَمَلَكِ على الَّذِى صَنَعتِ؟ \". فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ جابِرٍ. قال: فأمَرَ بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُتِلَت. ولَم يَذكُرْ أمرَ الحِجامَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٦١٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ داودَ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو اللَّيثِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن امرأةً يَهوديَّةً دَعَتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وأصحابًا له على شاةٍ مَصليَّةٍ، فلَمّا قَعَدوا يأكُلونَ أخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لُقمَةً فوَضعَها، ثُمَّ قال لَهُم: \"أمسِكوا، إنَّ هذه الشّاةَ مَسمومَةٌ\". فقالَ لِليَهوديَّةِ: \"ويلَكِ! لأىِّ شَئٍ سَمَمتِنِى؟ \". قالَت: أرَدتُ أن أعلَمَ؛ إن كُنتَ نَبيًّا فإِنَّه لا يَضُرُّكَ، وإِن كان غَيرَ ذَلِكَ أن أُريحَ النّاسَ مِنكَ. فأكَلَ مِنها بشرُ بنُ البَراءِ فماتَ، فقَتَلَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) هو قَرْن ثور يُجعل كالمحجمة. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٦٢، وأبو داود (٤٥١٠)، وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٣٣: فيه انقطاع.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٦٢، وأبو داود (٤٥١١). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٨٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ٢١٩، ٢٢٠، وصححه.","vol":"16","page":227},{"text":"١٦١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَتَلَها. يَعنِى التى سَمَّته.\n\n١٦١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ بُهلولٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَبيبَةَ، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ خَيبَرَ أُتِىَ بشاةٍ مَسمومَةٍ مَصليَّةٍ، أهدَتها له امرأةٌ يَهوديَّةٌ، فأكَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- هو وبِشرُ بنُ البَراءِ، فمَرِضا مَرَضًا شَديدًا عَنها، ثُمَّ إنَّ بشرًا توُفِّىَ، فلَمّا توُفِّىَ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَهوديَّة فأُتِيَ بها فقالَ: \"ويحَكِ! ماذا أطعَمتينا؟ \". قالَت: أطعَمتُكَ السُّمَّ، عَرَفتُ إن كُنتَ نَبيًّا أن ذَلِكَ لا يَضُرُّكَ، وأنَّ اللهَ سَيَبلُغُ فيكَ أمرَه، وإِن كُنتَ على غَيرِ ذَلِكَ فأحبَبتُ أن أُريحَ النّاسَ مِنكَ. فأمَرَ بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصُلِبَت (^١).\n\n١٦١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ لَبيبَةَ (^٢)، عن جَدِّه محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن رسول اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بها\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٢٠، ١٢١. وأخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢ (٤٩٣) من طريق إسحاق بن بهلول به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٣٥: يحيى واه، وجده تابعى.\n(^٢) في حاشة الأصل: \"قلت: يقال فيه: ابن لبيبة وابن أبي لبيبة، والله أعلم\".","vol":"16","page":228},{"text":"فصُلِبَت بعدَ أن قَتَلَها (^١). قالَ الواقِدِيُّ: الثَّبَتُ عِندَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَتَلَها وأمَرَ بلَحمِ الشّاة فأُحرِقَ.\nقال الشيخُ: اختَلَفَتِ الرِّواياتُ في قَتلِها. ورِوايَةُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أصَحُّها، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه -ﷺ- في الابتِداءِ لَم يُعاقِبْها حينَ لم يَمُتْ أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِه ممّا أكَلَ، فلَمّا ماتَ بشرُ بنُ البَراءِ أمَرَ بقَتلِها، فأدَّى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنَ الرّواةِ ما شاهَدَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3441>بابُ الحالِ التى إذا قَتَلَ بها الرَّجُلُ أُقيدَ مِنهُ</span>\n\n١٦١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: رأيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قبلَ أن يُصابَ بأيّامٍ بالمَدينَةِ وقَفَ على حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ وعُثمانَ بنِ حُنَيفٍ فقالَ: كَيفَ فعَلتُما؟ تَخافانِ أن تَكونا قَد حَمَّلتُما الأرضَ ما لا تُطيقُ؟ قالا: حَمَّلناها أمرًا هِىَ له مُطيقَةٌ. وقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: لَو حَمَّلتُ عَلَيها أضعَفتُ. وقالَ عثمانُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ: حَمَّلتُها أمرًا هِىَ له مُطيقَةٌ، ما فيها كَبيرُ فضلٍ. قال: انظُرا لا تَكونا حَمَّلتُما الأرضَ ما لا تُطيقُ. قالا: لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لَئن سَلَّمَنِىَ اللَّهُ لأدَعَنَّ أرامِلَ العِراقِ لا يَحتَجنَ إلَى رَجُلٍ بَعدِى. قال: فما أتَت عَلَيه إلَّا أربَعَةٌ حَتَّى أُصيبَ. قال: وإِنِّى لَقائمٌ ما بَينِى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مغازى الواقدي ٢/ ٦٧٧، ٦٧٨.","vol":"16","page":229},{"text":"وبَينَه إلَّا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عباسٍ غَداةَ أُصيبَ. قال: وكانَ إذا مَرَّ بَينَ الصَّفَّينِ قامَ، فإِن رأى خَلَلًّا قال: استَوُوا. حَتَّى إذا لَم يَرَ فيهِم خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فكَبَّرَ. قال: ورُبَّما قرأ بسورَةِ \"يوسف\" أو \"النحل\" أو نَحو ذَلِكَ في الرَّكعَةِ الأولَى حَتَّى يَجتَمِعَ النّاسُ. قال: فما هو إلَّا أن كَبَّرَ. قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: قَتَلَنِى الكَلبُ. أو: أكَلَنِى الكَلبُ. حينَ طَعَنَه، فطارَ العِلجُ بالسِّكّينِ ذاتِ طَرَفَينِ، لا يَمُرُّ على أحَدٍ يَمينا ولا شِمالًا إلَّا طَعَنَه، حَتَّى طَعَنَ (^١) ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فماتَ مِنهُم تِسعَةٌ (^٢)، فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيه بُرنُسًا، فلَمّا ظَنَّ العِلجُ أنَّه مأخوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفسَه، قال: وتَناوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ -﵄- فقَدَّمَه. قال: فمَن يَلِى عُمَرَ -﵁- فقَد رأى الَّذِى رأى، وأمّا نَواحِى المَسجِدِ فإِنَّهُم لا يَدرونَ غَيرَ أنَّهُم فقَدوا صَوتَ عُمَرَ -﵁- وهُم يَقولونَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ، سُبحانَ اللهِ. قال: فصَلَّى بهِم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ -﵁- صَلاةً خَفيفَةً، فلَمّا انصرَفوا قال: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، انظُرْ مَن قَتَلَنِى. فجالَ ساعَةً ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: غُلامُ المُغيرَةِ. فقالَ: الصَّنَعُ (^٣)؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: قاتَلَه اللهُ، لَقَد كُنتُ أمَرتُ به مَعروفًا، فالحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى لَم يَجعَلْ مِيتَتِى بيَدِ رَجُلٍ يَدَّعِى الإسلامَ. وقالَ: قَد كُنتَ أنتَ وأبوكَ تُحِبّانِ أن تَكثُرَ العُلوجُ بالمَدينَةِ. قال: وكانَ العباسُ -﵁- أكثَرَهُم رَقيقًا، فقالَ: إن شِئتَ فعَلنا. أى إن شِئتَ قَتَلْنا. قال:\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"جرح\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"سبعة\".\n(^٣) في حاشه الأصل: \"الصانع\". اهـ. ويقال: رجل صَنَع اليد، وقوم صنع اليد، وامرأة صناع: وهو الحاذق في صناعته. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٦، ٤٧.","vol":"16","page":230},{"text":"كَذَبتَ، بعدَما تَكَلَّموا بلِسانِكُم وصَلَّوا قِبلَتَكُم وحَجّوا حَجَّكُم؟! فاحتُمِلَ إلَى بَيتِه فانطَلَقنا مَعَه. قال: وكأنَّ النّاسَ لَم تُصِبْهُم مُصيبَةٌ قبلَ يَومَئذٍ، فقائلٌ يقولُ: لا بأسَ. وقائلٌ يقولُ: نَخافُ عَلَيه. فأُتِيَ بنَبيذٍ فشَرِبَه فخَرَجَ مِن جُرحِه، ثم أُتِىَ بلَبَنٍ فشَرِبَه فخَرَجَ مِن جُرحِه، فعَرَفوا أنَّه مَيِّتٌ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في وصاياه وأمرِ الشّورَى (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٠٨ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: كان أبو لُؤلُؤَةَ لِلمُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه. قال: فصَنَعَ خِنجَرًا له رأسَانِ. قال: فشَحَذَه وسَمَّه. قال: وكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، وكانَ لا يُكَبِّرُ إذأ أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّمَ ويَقولَ: أقيموا صُفوفَكُم. فجاءَ فقامَ في الصَّفِّ بحِذائه مِمّا يَلِى عُمَرَ -﵁- في صَلاةِ الغَداةِ، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ وجَأه (^٣) على كَتِفِه وعَلَى مَكانٍ آخَرَ وفِي خاصِرَتِه، فسَقَطَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، ووَجَأَ (^٤) ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مَعَه فأفرَقَ (^٥) مِنهُم سَبعَةٌ، وماتَ سِتَّةٌ، واحتُمِلَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٣٢٠)، وسيأتى في (١٦٦٥٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٠٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"وجيه\".\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ووجى\".\n(^٥) أفرق مريض من مرضه. أي: أفاق. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٦/ ٢٩٤ (ف ر ق).","vol":"16","page":231},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁- فذُهِبَ به. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فدَعا بشَرابٍ ليَنظُرَ ما مَدا جُرحِه، فأُتِيَ بنَبيذٍ فشَرِبَه فخَرَجَ، فلَم يَدرِ أدَمٌ هو أو نَبيذٌ، فدَعا بلَبَنٍ فأُتِىَ به فشَرِبَه فخَرَجَ مِن جُرحِه، قالوا: لا بأسَ عَلَيكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: إن يَكُنِ القَتلُ بأسًا فقَد قُتِلتُ (^١).\n\n١٦١٠٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الجَلَّابُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: عاشَ عُمَرُ -﵁- ثَلاثًا بعدَ أن طُعِنَ، ثُمَّ ماتَ فغُسِلَ وكُفِّنَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3442>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَتلِ الإمامِ وجَرحِهِ</span>\n\n١٦١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ يَعنِى مَحبوبَ بنَ موسَى، حدثنا الفَزارِيُّ يَعنِى أبا إسحاقَ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى فِراسٍ قال: خَطَبَنا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقالَ في خُطبَتِه: ألا وإِنِّى لَم أَبعَثْ إلَيكُم (^٣) عُمّالِى ليَضرِبوا أبشارَكُم ولا ليأخُذوا أموالَكُم، ولَكِن بَعَثتُهُم ليُعَلِّموكُم دينَكُم وسُنَنَكُم، فمَن فُعِلَ به غَيرُ ذَلِكَ فليَرفَعْه إلَيَّ فأُقِصَّه مِنه. فقامَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ -﵁- فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَو أن رَجُلًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٩٠١).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٩٢. وتقدم في (٦٩٠٠).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"عليكم\".","vol":"16","page":232},{"text":"أدَّبَ بَعضَ رَعيَّتِه أكُنتَ مُقتَصَّه مِنه؟ فقالَ: إى والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لأُقِصَّنَّه مِنه، وقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أقَصَّ (^١) مِن نَفسِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قِراءَةً عَلَيهِما وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ إملاءً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عَبيدَةَ بنِ مُسافِعٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: بَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَقسِمُ شَيئًا أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ فأكَبَّ عَلَيه، فطَعَنَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بعُرجونٍ كان مَعَه فجُرِحَ الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَعالَ فاستَقِدْ\". فقالَ: بَل عَفَوتُ يا رسولَ الله (^٣).\n\n١٦١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ عن أبى النَّضرِ وغَيرِه، أخبَروه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- رأى رَجُلًا مُتَخَلِّقًا فطَعَنَه بقِدحٍ (^٤) كان في يَدِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"ألَم أنهَكُم عن مِثلِ هذا؟ \". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"اقتص\".\n(^٢) السير لأبى إسحاق الفزارى (٥٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٨٦)، وأبو داود (٤٥٣٧)، والنسائي (٤٧٩١) من طريق سعيد الجريرى به، وعند النسائى مختصر. وسيأتى في (١٧٩٠٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠١٦)، والمعرفة (٤٨٤٢). وتقدم في (١٦٠٨٣).\n(^٤) القِدح: السهم. النهاية ٤/ ٢٠.","vol":"16","page":233},{"text":"وإِنَّكَ قَد عَقَرتَنِى (^١). فألقَى إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- القِدحَ فقالَ له: \"استَقِدْ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: إنَّكَ طَعَنتَنِى ولَيسَ عليَّ ثَوبٌ، وعَلَيكَ قَميصٌ. فكَشَفَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن بَطنِه، فأكَبَّ عَلَيه الرَّجُلُ فقَبَّلَه (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوىَ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٦١١٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سَوادُ بنُ عمرٍو قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وأنا مُتَخَلِّقٌ بخَلوقٍ، فلَمّا رآنِى قال لِي: \"يا سَوادَ بنَ عمرٍو، خَلوقُ ورسٍ! أوَلَم أنهَ عن الخَلوقِ؟ \". ونَخَسَنِى بقَضيبٍ في يَدِه في بَطنِى فأوجَعَنِى، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ القِصاصَ. قال: \"القِصاصَ\". فكَشَفَ لِي عن بَطنِه فجَعَلتُ أُقَبِّلُه، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أدَعُه شَفاعَةً لِى يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٣).\nتابَعَه عُمَرُ بنُ سَلِيطٍ عن الحَسَنِ عن سَوادِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤).\n\n١٦١١٤ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ المُغيرَةِ السَّعدِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) عقرتنى: جرحتنى. ينظر التاج ١٣/ ١٠١ (ع ق ر).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٥١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ١/ ٢٩٧ من طريق عمر بن سليط به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٣٧: الكديمى -يعنى محمد بن يونس- واهٍ.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ١/ ٢٩٧ من طريق عمر بن سليط به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٣٧: عمر لا يكاد يعرف، من مشيخة التبوذكى.","vol":"16","page":234},{"text":"حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن أبيه قال: كان أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضَيرٍ رَجُلًا ضاحِكًا مَليحًا. قال: فبَينَما هو عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ القَومَ ويُضحِكُهُم فطَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بإِصبَعِه في خاصِرَتِه، فقالَ: أوجَعتَنِى. قال: \"اقتَصَّ\". قالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عَلَيكَ قَميصًا ولَم يَكُنْ عليَّ قَميصٌ. قال: فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَميصه، فاحتَضنَه، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُ كَشحَه (^١)، فقالَ: بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرَدتُ هَذا (^٢).\n\n١٦١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ أبا جَهمِ بن حُذَيفَةَ مُصدِّقًا (^٣)، فلاجَّه (^٤) رَجُلٌ في صَدَقَتِه، فضرَبَه أبو جَهمٍ فشَجَّه، فأتَوُا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فقالوا: القَوَدَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَكُم كَذا وكَذا\". فلَم يَرضوا، فقالَ: \"لَكُم كَذا وكَذا\". فلَم يَرضَوْا، فقالَ: \"لَكُم كَذا وكَذا\". فرَضُوا فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّى خاطِبٌ العَشيَّةَ على النّاسِ ومُخبِرُهُم برِضاكُم\". فقالوا: نَعَم. فخَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَؤُلاءَ اللَّيثيّينَ أتَونِى يُريدونَ القَوَدَ، فعَرَضتُ عَلَيهِم كَذا وكَذا فرَضُوا، أفَرَضِيتُم؟ \". قالوا: لا. فهَمَّ\n_________\n(^١) الكَشْحُ: ما يلى الخاصرة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٤٥.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٨٨، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٢٢٤) من طريق حصين به بدون ذكر أبى عبد الرحمن بن أبى ليلى. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٣٧: إسناده قوى.\n(^٣) المصدق: عامل الزكاة الذى يستوفيها من أربابها. النهاية ٣/ ١٨.\n(^٤) الملاجة: التمادى في الخصومة. التاج ٦/ ١٧٩ (ل ج ج).","vol":"16","page":235},{"text":"المُهاجِرونَ بهِم، فأمَرَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَكُفّوا عَنهُم، فكَفّوا عَنهُم، ثُمَّ دَعاهُم فزادَهُم فقالَ: \"أرَضِيتُم؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"إنِّى خاطِبٌ على النّاسِ ومُخبِرُهُم برِضاكُم\". قالوا: نَعَم. فخَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أرَضِيتُم؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم (^١).\nخالَفَه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأيلِيُّ فرَواه كما:\n\n١٦١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- استَعمَلَ أبا جَهمٍ على صَدَقَةٍ، فضرَبَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنى لَيثٍ فشَجَّه ذا المُغلَّظَتَينِ، فسألوه القَوَدَ، فأرضاهُم ولَم يُقِدْ مِنه.\n\n١٦١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ -﵂- قالَت: كان رَجُلٌ أسوَدُ يأتِي أبا بكرٍ -﵁- فيُدنيه ويُقرِئُه القُرآنَ، حَتَّى بَعَثَ ساعيًا -أو قال: سَريَّةً- فقالَ: أرسِلْنِى مَعَه. قال: بَل تَمكُثُ عِندَنا. فأبَى، فأرسَلَه مَعَه واستَوصَى به خَيرًا، فلَم يَغبُرْ (^٢) عنه إلَّا قَليلًا حَتَّى جاءَ قَد قُطِعَت يَدُه، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٣٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٠٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٩٥٨)، والنسائي (٤٧٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٨)، وابن حبان (٤٤٨٧). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٠١).\n(^٢) يغبر: يتأخر. تاج العروس ١٣/ ١٨٦ (غ ب ر).","vol":"16","page":236},{"text":"رآه أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فاضَت عَيناه فقالَ: ما شأنُكَ؟ قال: ما زِدتُ على أنَّه كان يوَلّينِى شَيئًا مِن عَمَلِه فخُنتُه فريضَةً واحِدَةً فقَطَعَ يَدِى. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: تَجِدونَ الَّذِى قَطَعَ هذا يَخونُ أكثَرَ مِن عِشرينَ فريضَةً، واللهِ لَئن كُنتَ صادِقًا لأُقيدَنَّكَ به. قال: ثُمَّ أدناه ولَم يُحَوِّلْ مَنزِلَتَه التى كانَت له مِنه، فكانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقومُ اللَّيلَ فيَقرأُ، فإِذا سَمِعَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- صَوتَه قال: يا للهِ لِرَجُلٍ قَطَعَ هذا. قالَت: فلَم يَغبُرْ إلَّا قَليلًا حَتَّى فقَدَ آلُ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- حُليًّا لَهُم ومَتاعًا، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: طُرِقَ الحَيُّ اللَّيلَةَ. فقامَ الأقطَعُ فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ ورَفَعَ يَدَه الصَّحيحَةَ والأُخرَى التى قُطِعَت فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أظهِرْ على مَن سَرَقَهُم، أو نَحوَ هذا. وكان مَعمَرٌ رُبَّما قال: اللَّهُمَّ أظهِرْ على مَن سَرَقَ أهلَ هذا البَيتِ الصّالِحينَ. قال: فما انتَصَفَ النَّهارُ حَتَّى عَثَروا على المَتاعِ عِندَه، فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: ويلَكَ، إنَّكَ لَقَليلُ العِلمِ باللَّهِ. فأمَرَ به فقُطِعَت رِجلُه.\nقال مَعمَرٌ: وأخبَرَنِى أيّوبُ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: كان إذا سَمِعَ أبو بكرٍ صَوتَه قال: ما لَيلُكَ بلَيلِ سارِقٍ (^١).\nوالاستِدلالُ في هذه المَسألةِ وقَعَ بقَولِه: واللَّهِ لَئن كُنتَ صادِقًا لأُقيدَنَّكَ بهِ.\n\n١٦١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٨٤، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٧٧٤). وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٣٨: سنده صحيح.","vol":"16","page":237},{"text":"حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ حُيَيَّ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ المَعافِرِيَّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُليُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ -﵁- قامَ يَومَ جُمُعَةٍ فقالَ: إذا كان بالغَداةِ فأحضِروا صَدَقاتِ الإبِلِ تُقسَمُ، ولا يَدخُلْ عَلَينا أحَدٌ إلَّا بإِذنٍ. فقالَتِ امرأةٌ لِزَوجِها: خُذْ هذا الخِطامَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ يَرزُقُنا جَمَلًا. فأتى الرَّجُلُ فوَجَدَ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- قَد دَخَلوا إلَى الإبِلِ فدَخَلَ مَعَهُما، فالتَفَتَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقالَ ما أدخَلَكَ عَلَينا؟. ثُمَّ أخَذَ مِنه الخِطامَ فضَرَبَه، فلَمّا فرَغَ أبو بكرٍ مِن قَسمِ الإبِلِ دَعا بالرَّجُلِ فأعطاه الخِطامَ وقالَ: استَقِدْ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: واللهِ لا يَستَقيدُ، لا تَجعَلْها سُنَّةً. قال أبو بكرٍ: فمَن لِى مِنَ اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: أرضِهِ. فأمَرَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁- غُلامَه أن يأتيَه براحِلَتِه ورَحلِها وقَطيفَةٍ وخَمسَةِ دَنانيرَ فأرضاه بها (^١).\n\n١٦١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ وعُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵃- أعطَوُا القَوَدَ مِن أنفُسِهِم فلَم يُستَقَدْ مِنهُم وهُم سَلاطينُ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مسلمٌ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥٢١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٠)، والمعرفة (٤٨٤٤).","vol":"16","page":238},{"text":"حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن جَريرٍ، أن رَجُلًا كان ذا صَوتٍ ونِكايَةٍ على العَدوِّ مَعَ أبى موسىَ، فغَنِموا مَغنَمًا، فأعطاه أبو موسىَ نَصيبَه ولَم يوَفِّه، فأبَى أن يأخُذَه إلَّا جَميعًا، فضَرَبَه عِشرينَ سَوطًا وحَلَقَ رأسَه، فجَمَعَ شَعَرَه وذَهَبَ به إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- قال جَريرٌ: وأنا أقرَبُ النّاسِ مِنه. وقَد قال حَمّادٌ: وأنا أقرَبُ القَومِ مِنه -فأخرَجَ شَعَرًا مِن جَيبِه فضَرَبَ به صَدرَ عُمَرَ -﵁-، قال: ما لَكَ؟ فذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه. قال: فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَى أبى موسىَ: سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ، أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ فُلانَ بنَ فُلانٍ أخبرَنِي بكَذا وكَذا، وإِنِّى أُقسِمُ عَلَيكَ إن كُنتَ فعَلتَ ما فعَلتَ في مَلأٍ مِنَ النّاسِ جَلَستَ له في مَلأٍ مِنَ النّاسِ فاقتَصَّ مِنكَ، وإِن كُنتَ فعَلتَ ما فعَلتَ في خَلاءٍ فاقعُدْ له في خَلاءٍ فليَقتَصَّ مِنكَ. قال له النّاسُ: اعفُ عَنه. قال: لا واللهِ، لا أدَعُه لأحَدٍ مِنَ النّاسِ. فلَمّا دَفَعَ إلَيه الكِتابَ قَعَدَ لِلقِصاصِ، رَفَعَ رأسَه إلَى السَّماءِ قال: قَد عَفَوتُ عنه لِلهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3443>بابُ ما جاءَ في أمرِ السَّيِّدِ عبدَهُ</span>\n\n١٦١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال حَمّادٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا أمَرَ الرَّجُلُ عبدَه أن يَقتُلَ رَجُلًا فإِنَّما هو كَسَيفِه أو كَسَوطِه، يُقتَلُ المَولَى ويُحبَسُ العَبدُ في السِّجنِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٤٠٠) عن عفان بن مسلم به من قول أبي زرعة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٤٥)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧٧.","vol":"16","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3444>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَحبِسُ الرَّجُلَ لِلآخَرِ فيَقتُلُه</span>\n\n١٦١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الدّامَغانِيُّ ببَيهَقَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ وإِبراهيمُ ابنا محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الصَّيرَفيّانِ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أمسَكَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ وقَتَلَه الآخَرُ، يُقتَلُ الَّذِى قَتَلَ ويُحبَسُ الَّذِى أمسَكَ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، وقَد قيلَ: عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٦١٢٣ - والصَّوابُ ما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في رَجُلٍ أمسَكَ رَجُلًا وقَتَلَ الآخَرُ قال: \"يُقتَلُ القاتِلُ ويُحبَسُ المُمسِكُ\". وعن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قَضَى بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٦١٢٤ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعمَرٌ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ يَرفَعُه قال: \"اقتُلوا القاتِلَ واصبِروا الصّابِرَ\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٠ من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٣٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن أمية به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٣٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٥٠، ٢٨٢٥١) عن وكيع به.","vol":"16","page":240},{"text":"حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ المُبارَكِ يُحَدِّثُه، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ يَرفَعُه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: \"اصبِروا الصّابِرَ\". يَعنِى: احبِسوا الَّذِى حَبَسَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3445>بابُ الخيارِ في القِصاصِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨].\n\n١٦١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ موسَى، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ، قال مُقاتِلٌ: أخَذتُ هذا التَّفسيرَ عن نَفَرٍ -حَفِظَ مُعاذٌ مِنهُم مُجاهِدًا والحَسَنَ والضَّحّاكَ بنَ مُزاحِمٍ- في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ الآيَة. قال: كان كُتِبَ على أهلِ التَّوراةِ: مَن قَتَلَ نَفسًا بغَيرِ نَفسٍ حُقَّ أن يُقادَ بها ولا يُعفَى عنه ولا تُقبَلَ مِنه الدّيَةُ، وفُرِضَ على أهلِ الِإنجيلِ أن يُعفَى عنه ولا يُقتَلَ، ورُخِّصَ لأُمَّةِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- إن شاءَ قَتَلَ، وإِن شاءَ أخَذَ الدّيَةَ، وإِن شاءَ عَفا، فذَلِكَ قَولُه: ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ يقولُ: الدّيَةُ تَخفيفٌ مِنَ اللهِ؛ إذ جَعَلَ الدّيَةَ ولا يُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ﴾ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٥٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٨٩٢) -ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٠ - عن معمر به بنحوه. قال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ١٥: صححه ابن القطان.","vol":"16","page":241},{"text":"مَن قَتَلَ بعدَ أخذِه الدّيَةَ فلَه عَذابٌ أليمٌ. وقالَ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٩] يقولُ: لَكُم في القِصاصِ حَياةٌ يَنتَهِى بها بَعضُكُم عن بَعضٍ أن يُصيبَ مَخافَةَ أن يُقتَلَ (^١).\n\n١٦١٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ يقولُ: إذا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ بعَمدٍ (^٢) فعَفا عنه ولِيُّ المَقتولِ ولَم يَقتَصَّ مِنه وقَبِلَ الدّيَةَ ﴿فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ يقولُ: ليُحسِنِ الطَّلَبَ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى المَطلوبِ فقالَ: ﴿وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ يقولُ: ليُؤَدِّى المَطلوبُ إلَى الطّالِبِ الدّيَةَ بإِحسانٍ. قال: وكانَ كُتِبَ على أهلِ التَّورَاةِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ الشّافِعيِّ. وقالَ في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ يقولُ: مَن قبِلَ الدّيَةَ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ ﴿فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيم﴾ يقولُ: مُوجِعٌ، وذَلِكَ أن الرَّجُلَ كان إذا قُتِلَ حَميمٌ له تَوارَى القاتِلُ، فيَقولُ ولِيُّ المَقتولِ: إنِّى أقبَلُ الدّيَةَ. فيَقبَلُها حَتَّى يَرجِعَ القاتِلُ فيَقتُلَه ولِيُّ المَقتولِ وقَد قبلَ الدّيَةَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ، وكانَ يقولُ: إنَّما قَبِلتُ الدّيَةَ ليَرجِعَ القاتِلُ فأقتُلَه إذا ظَهَرَ. يقولُ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى (^٣)﴾ فقَتَلَ بعدَ أخَذِه (^٤) ﴿فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٤٧)، والشافعي ٦/ ٩.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"تعمدًا\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"بعد ذلك\".\n(^٤) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"الدية\".","vol":"16","page":242},{"text":"١٦١٢٧ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجاهِدًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: كان في بَنِى إسرائيلَ القِصاصُ ولَم تَكُنْ فيهِمُ الدّيَةُ، فقالَ اللهُ ﷿ لِهَذِه الأُمَّةِ: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ قال: العَفوُ أن يَقبَلَ الدّيَةَ في العَمدِ ﴿فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ مِمّا كُتِبَ على مَن كان قَبلَكُم ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٦١٢٨ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُجاهِدٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه، رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قال: كُتِبَ على بَنِى إسرائيلَ القِصاصُ، وأُرخِصَ لَكُم في الدّيَةِ ﴿فَمَنْ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٤٨)، والشافعي ٩/ ٦. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٩٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٨١).","vol":"16","page":243},{"text":"عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ قال: هو العَمدُ يَرضَى أهلُه بالدّيَةِ، فيَتَّبِعُ الطّالِبُ بمَعروفٍ، ويُؤَدِّى -يَعنِى المَطلوبَ- إلَيه بإِحسانٍ ﴿ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ قال: ممّا كان على بَنِى إسرائيلَ (^١).\n\n١٦١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى شُرَيحٍ الكَعبِيِّ، أن رسولَ الله -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ ولَم يُحَرِّمْها النّاسُ، فلا يَحِلُّ لمَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَسفِكَ بها دَمًا، ولا يَعضِدَ بها شَجَرًا، فإنِ ارتَخَصَ أحَدٌ فقالَ: أُحِلَّت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فإِن اللهَ أحَلَّها لِى ولَم يُحِلَّها لِلنّاسِ، وإنَّما أُحِلَّت لِى ساعَةً مِنَ النَّهارِ. ثُمَّ هِىَ حَرامٌ كَحُرمَتِها بالأمسِ، ثُمَّ أنتُم يا خُزاعَةُ قَد قَتَلتُم هذا القَتيلَ مِن هُذَيلٍ، وأنا واللَّهِ عاقِلُه، مَن قَتَلَ بَعدَه قَتيلًا فأهلُه بَينَ خِيَرَتَينِ؛ إن أحَبّوا قَتَلوا، وإن أحَبّوا أخَذوا العَقلَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدَّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ الفُضَيلِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ أبي العَوجاءِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عن أبى شُرَيحٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢١)، وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٤٢٢ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٠٥، ١١٢ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٣)، والمعرفة (٤٨٤٩)، والشافعى ٦/ ٩. وسيأتى في (١٦١٥٦).","vol":"16","page":244},{"text":"الخُزاعِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أُصيبَ بدَمٍ أو خَبْلٍ (^١) فهو بالخيارِ بَينَ إحدَى ثَلاثٍ، فإِن أرادَ الرّابِعَةَ فخُذوا على يَدَيه، بَينَ أن يَقتَصَّ أو يَعفوَ أو يأخُذَ العَقلَ، فإِن قبِلَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا ثُمَّ عَدا بعدَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّ له النّارَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه أن خُزاعَةَ قَتَلوا رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ عامَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ، بقَتيلِ مِنهُم قَتَلوه، فأُخبِرَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرَكِبَ راحِلَتَه فخَطَبَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الله حَبَسَ عن مَكَّةَ الفيلَ وسَلَّطَ عَلَيها رسولَه والمُؤمِنينَ، ألا وإنَّها لَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قَبلِى، ولَن تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ بَعدِى، ألا وإِنَّها أُحِلَّت لِى ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، ألا وإِنَّها ساعَتِى هذه حَرامٌ، لا يُختَلَى شَوكُها، ولا يُعضَدُ شجَرُها، ولا يَلتَقِطُ ساقِطَتَها إلَّا مُنشِدٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ له قَتيلٌ فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ، إمّا أن يُعطَى الدّيَةَ، وإمّا أن يُقادَ أهلُ القَتيلِ\". قال: فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ يُقالُ له: أبو شاهٍ. فقالَ: اكتُبْ لِي يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: اكتُبوا لأبِى شاهٍ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ: إلَّا الإذخِرَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؛ فإِنّا نَجعَلُه في بُيوتِنا وقُبورِنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إلا الإذخِرَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن شَيبانَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إمّا أن يودَى وإمّا أن يُقادَ\". ثُمَّ قال: وقالَ\n_________\n(^١) الخَبْل: فساد الأعضاء. النهاية ٢/ ٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٤)، والمعرفة (٤٨٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٤٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٢٤٤).","vol":"16","page":245},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللهِ: \"إمّا أن يُقادَ أهلُ القَتيلِ\". ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n١٦١٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو هريرةَ، أنَّه عامَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ قَتَلَت خُزاعَةُ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ بقَتيلٍ لَهُم في الجاهِليَّةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ومَن قُتِلَ له قَتيلٌ فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ؛ إمّا أن يودَى وإمّا أن يُقادَ\" (^٢). قال البخاريُّ (^٣): وقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ: حدثنا حَربٌ (^٤).\n\n١٦١٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: لما فُتِحَت مَكَّةُ قَتَلَت هُذَيلٌ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ بقَتيلٍ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ومَن قُتِلَ له قَتيلٌ فهو بخَيرِ النَّظَرَينِ، إمّا أن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٨٨٠)، ومسلم (١٣٥٥/ ٤٤٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٨٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٢)، وأبو داود (٤٥٠٥) من طريق حرب بن شداد به.\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل، م.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨٨٠).","vol":"16","page":246},{"text":"يُقادَ وإمّا أن يُفادى\" (^١).\n\n١٦١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلمٌ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إمّا أن يُفدَى وإِمّا أن يُقتَلَ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إلَى أولياءِ القَتيلِ، فإِن شاءوا قَتَلوه، وإِن شاءوا أخَذوا الدّيَةَ\" (^٤).\nوفِي حَديثِ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حينَ جِئَ بالرَّجُلِ القاتِلِ يُقادُ في نِسعَةٍ (^٥)، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِوَلِيِّ المَقتولِ: \"أتَعفو؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فتأخُذُ الدّيَةَ؟ \" قال: لا. قال: \"فتَقتُلُه؟ \" قال: نَعَم. قال: \"اذهَبْ به\". وذَلِكَ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٣٢) دون موضع الشاهد هنا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤٢) -وعنه أبو داود (٢٠١٧) - والترمذى (١٤٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٤)، وابن حبان (٣٧١٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والنسائي (٤٧٩٩) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٥٥/ ٤٤٧).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٥، ٣٠٤٩)، والمعرفة (٤٨٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧١٧) من طريق أبى النضر به. والترمذي (١٣٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٦) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٥) النِّسعة: سير مضفور. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٠٤.","vol":"16","page":247},{"text":"بابِ العَفو مَذكورٌ بإِسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3446>بابُ مَن قال: مُوجَبُ العَمدِ القَوَدُ، وإِنَّما تَجِبُ الدّيَةُ بالعَفو عنه عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٦١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ داودَ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ رَفَعَه (^٢) قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ في عِمّيَّةٍ أو رِمّيَّةٍ بحَجَرٍ أو بسَوطٍ أو عَصًا، فعَقلُه عَقلُ الخَطأَ، ومَن قُتِلَ عَمدًا فهو قَوَدٌ، ومَن حالَ بَينَه وبَينَه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه صَرفٌ ولا عَدلٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3447>بابُ مَن قَتَلَ بعدَ أخذِه الدّيَةَ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾.\nقال مُجاهِدٌ: مَنِ اعتَدَى بعدَ أخذِه الدّيَةَ فلَه عَذابٌ أليمٌ (^٤). وقالَ عَطاءٌ: فإِن قَتَلَ بعدَما قبِلَ الدّيَةَ.\n\n١٦١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٦١٤٧، ١٦١٦٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٥) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وتقدم في (١٦٠٩٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٥٧).\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢١٩، وينظر تفسير ابن جرير ٣/ ١١٥.","vol":"16","page":248},{"text":"سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا أُعافِى رَجُلًا قَتَلَ بعدَ أخذِه الدّيَةَ\" (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوىَ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٦١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ قال: وأحسِبُه عن الحَسَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا أُعفِى مَن (^٢) قَتَلَ بعدَ أخذِ (^٣) الدّيَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3448>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّرغيبِ في العَفو عن القِصاصِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾ (^٥) [المائدة: ٤٥].\n\n١٦١٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَيسٍ، عن طارِقٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ قال في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾ قال: لِلَّذِى جُرِحَ.\n\n١٦١٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الضعفاء للعقيلى ٤/ ٢١٩، والكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٩٢.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"عمن\"، وكتب فوقه: \"ص\".\n(^٣) في م: \"أخذه\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٥٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩١١) من طريق حماد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٧١).\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ١١.","vol":"16","page":249},{"text":"حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن قَيسٍ، عن طارِقٍ، عن الهَيثَمِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو في قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾. قال: يُهدَمُ عنه بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ مِن ذُنوبِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: والرِّوايَةُ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في أن العَفوَ عن القِصاصِ كَفّارَةٌ. أو قال شَيئًا يُرَغِّبُ به في العَفو عَنه (^٢).\n\n١٦١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ قال: لا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: ما رُفِعَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قِصاصٌ قَطُّ إلَّا أمَرَ فيه بالعَفو. قال: قُلتُ لِعَفّانَ: مَن يَشُكُّ فيه؟ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: كُنتُ أقولُ: عن أنَسٍ. فقالوا لِى: لا تَشُكُّ فيه؟ فقُلتُ: لا أعلَمُه (^٣). وكانَ رَجُلًا مُتَوَقّيًا كَيِّسًا (^٤).\n\n١٦١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ،\n_________\n(^١) الثورى في تفسيره ص ١٠٢، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٧٢.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١١.\n(^٣) في م: \"أعلم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٤٤)، والنسائي (٤٧٩٨) من طريق عفان به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٢) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر به، وليس عند النسائى وابن ماجه: قلت لعفان ... إلى آخره. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٥٢).","vol":"16","page":250},{"text":"حدثنا أبو سلمةَ المِنقَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: ما رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رُفِعَ إلَيه شَئٌ مِن قِصاصٍ إلَّا أمَرَ فيه بالعَفو (^١).\n\n١٦١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا أبو يونُسَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، أن عَلقَمَةَ بنَ وائلٍ حَدَّثَه، أن أباه حَدَّثَه قال: إنِّى لَقاعِدٌ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ يَقودُ آخَرَ بنِسعَةٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا قَتَلَ أخِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أقَتَلتَه؟ \". فقالَ: إنَّه لَو لَم يَعتَرِفْ أقَمتُ عَلَيه البيِّنَةَ. قال: نَعَم قَتَلتُه. قال: \"كَيفَ قَتَلتَه؟ \". قال: كُنتُ (^٢) وهو نَختَبِطُ (^٣) مِن شَجَرَةٍ فسَبَّنى فأغضَبَنِى، فضَرَبتُه بالفأسِ على قَرْنِه فقَتَلتُه. فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ مِن شَئٍ تُؤَدّيه عن نَفسِكَ؟ \". قال: ما لِى مالٌ إلَّا كِسائى. قال: \"فتَرَى قَومَكَ يَشتَرونَكَ؟ \". قال: أنا أهوَنُ على قَومِى مِن ذَلِكَ. قال: فرَمَى إلَيه بنِسعَتِه وقالَ: \"دونَكَ صاحِبَكَ\". فانطَلَقَ به الرَّجُلُ، فلَمّا ولَّى قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن قَتَلَه فهو مِثلُه\". فأتاه رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فقالَ: ويلَكَ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إن قَتَلَه فهو مِثلُه\". فرَجَعَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ قُلتَ: \"إن قَتَلَه فهو مِثلُه\". وما أخَذتُه إلَّا بأمرِكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أما تُريدُ أن يَبوءَ بإِثمِكَ وإثمِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٩٧) عن أبي سلمة المنقرى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٧٤).\n(^٢) بعدها في س، ص ٨: \"أنا\".\n(^٣) الخبط: ضرب الشجر بالعصا ليتناثر ورقها. النهاية ٢/ ٧.","vol":"16","page":251},{"text":"صاحِبِكَ؟ \" قال: بَلَى يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، قال: \"فإِنَّ ذاكَ كَذاكَ\" قال: فرَمَى بنِسعَتِه وخَلَّى سَبيلَه (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ جَزَرَةُ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ -قال ابنُ أبي الحُنَينِ: سَعدُويَه- حدثنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ مُنذُ سِتّينَ سنةً قال: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ، أخبرَنِي عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- برَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا يَعنِى، فأقادَ ولِىَّ المَقتولِ مِنه، فانطَلَقَ به في عُنُقِه نِسعَةٌ يَجُرُّها، فلَمّا أدبَرَ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"القاتِلُ والمَقتولُ في النّارِ\". فأتَى رَجُلٌ الرَّجُلَ فقالَ له مَقالَةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فخَلَّى عنه. قال إسماعيلُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لحَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أشوَعَ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سألَه أن يَعفوَ، فأبَى أن يَعفوَ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٧٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن معاذ به. وأبو داود (٤٥٠١) من طريق سماك به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٤٤: أبو يونس هو حاتم بن أبي صغيرة أحد الأثبات.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٠/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ١١ (٧)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦١٩١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨٠/ ٣٣).","vol":"16","page":252},{"text":"كَذا رَواه هُشَيمٌ، ورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن إسماعيلَ وقالَ فيه: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لابنِ أشوَعَ، فقالَ ابنُ أشوَعَ: ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِحَبيبٍ، فقالَ حَبيبٌ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان أمَرَه بالعَفو (^١).\nورُوىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في هذا الحَديثِ مُرسَلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ قَتَلَ أخِى فهو في النّارِ، فإِن قَتَلتُه فأنا مِثلُه؟! فقالَ: \"قَتَلَ أخاكَ فهو في النّارِ، وأمَرتُكَ فعَصَيتَنِى، فأنتَ في النّارِ إن عَصيتَنِى\".\nوقَد قيلَ: إنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لأنَّ القاتِلَ قال: واللَّهِ ما أرَدتُ قَتلَه. وذَلِكَ في حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ (^٢)، فإِن كان صادِقًا فقَتَلتَه وأنتَ تَعلَمُ صِدقَه فأنتَ مِثلُه.\nوالَّذِى قالَه حَبيبٌ أو ابنُ أشوَعَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n\n١٦١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ الفامِيُّ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليٌّ هو ابنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا جامِعُ بنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَلقَمَةُ بنُ وائلٍ أن أباه أخبَرَه قال: بَينا أنا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ في عُنُقِه نِسعَةٌ فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَيه قال: إنَّ هذا وأخِى كانا في جُبٍّ يَحفِرانِها فرَفَعَ المِنقارَ فضَرَبَ به رأسَ أخِى فقَتَلَه. قال: \"اعفُ عنه\". فأبَى، قال: \"فخُذِ الدّيَةَ\". قال: ما أُريدُ الدّيَةَ. قال: فأعادَ الحديثَ فقالَ: \"اعفُ عنه\". فأبَى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٧٤٣) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٩٨)، والترمذي (١٤٠٧)، والنسائي (٤٧٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٠). وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"16","page":253},{"text":"قالَ: \"خُذِ الدّيَةَ\". [فأبَى، فأعادَ الحديثَ فقالَ: \"اعفُ عنه\". فأبَى، فقالَ: \"خُذِ الدّيَةَ\"] (^١). فأبَى، فلَمّا أبَى إلَّا أن يَقتُلَ قال: \"أما إنَّكَ إن قَتَلتَه كُنتَ مِثلَه\". قال: فأصنَعُ ماذا؟ قال: \"تَعفو عنه\". قال: فأنا رأيتُه يَجُرُّ نِسعَتَه حَتَّى خَفِىَ عَلَينا (^٢).\n\n١٦١٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ بنِ هارونَ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ البَكراويُّ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن حَمزَةَ أبى (^٣) عُمَرَ العائذِيِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ جِئ بالرَّجُلِ القاتِلِ يُقادُ في نِسعَةٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِوَلِيِّ المَقتولِ: \"أتَعفو؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فتأخُذُ الدّيَةَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فتَقتُلُهُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"اذهَبْ به\". فَلَمّا ذَهَبَ به فتَوَلَّى مِن عِندِه قال له: \"تَعالَه، أتَعفو؟ \". مِثلَ قَولِه الأوَّلِ، فقالَ ولِيُّ المَقتولِ مِثلَ قَولِه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ الرّابِعَةِ: \"أما إنَّكَ إن عَفَوتَ فإِنَّه يَبوءُ بإِثمِكَ وإثمِ صاحِبِكَ\". قال: فتَرَكَه. قال: فأنا رأيتُه يَجُرُّ نِسعَتَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٠٠)، والنسائي (٤٧٣٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٧٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٧)، والمعرفة (٤٨٥٤). وأخرجه الطبراني في الكبير ٢٢/ ١٠ (٦) من طريق هوذة بن خليفة. والدارمى (٢٤٠٤) من طريق عوف به. وسيأتى في (١٦١٦٧).","vol":"16","page":254},{"text":"وقالَ فيه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن عَوفٍ: \"يَبوءُ بإِثمِه وإِثمِ صاحِبِكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ أبى إسحاقَ الهَمْدانِيِّ أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم عن أبى السَّفَرِ، أن رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيشٍ دَقَّ سِنَّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فاستَعدَى مُعاويَةَ، فقالَ الأنصارِيُّ لمعاويَةَ: إنَّ هذا دَقَّ سِنِّى. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: كَلَّا إنّا سَنُرضيكَ. قال: وألَحَّ على مُعاويَةَ وأكَبَّ عَلَيه حَتَّى أبرَمَه، فقالَ: شأنُكَ بصاحِبِكَ. قال: وأبو الدَّرداءِ جالِسٌ عِندَ مُعاويَةَ فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن رَجُلٍ مسلمٍ يُصابُ بشَئٍ في جَسَدِه فيَتَصَدَّقُ به إلَّا رَفَعَه اللهُ ﷿ به دَرَجَةً، وحَطَّ عنه به خَطيئَةً\". فقالَ الأنصارِيُّ لأبِى الدَّرداءِ: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، سَمِعَتْه أُذُناىَ ووَعاه قَلبِى. فقالَ الأنصارِيُّ: فإِنِّى أدَعُها لِلهِ. فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: لا جَرَمَ، واللهِ لا تَخيبُ. وأمَرَ له بمالٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبانٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: قال عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٩٩)، والنسائي (٤٧٣٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٣٤)، والترمذي (١٣٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٩٣) من طريق يونس بن أبي إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب، ولا أعرف لأبى السفر سماعًا من أبى الدرداء. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (٢٣٣).","vol":"16","page":255},{"text":"مُعاويَةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أُصيبَ بجَسَدِه بقَدرِ نِصفِ ديَتِه فعَفا كُفِّرَ عنه نِصفُ سَيِّئاتِه، وإن كان ثُلُثًا أو رُبُعًا فعَلَى قَدرِ ذَلِكَ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: اللهِ لَسَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فقالَ عُبادَةُ: واللهِ لَسَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١). كِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3449>بابٌ: لا عُقوبَةَ على كُلِّ مَن كان عَلَيه قِصاصٌ فعُفِىَ عنه في دَمٍ ولا جُرحٍ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَد ضَرَبَ صَفوانُ بنُ مُعَطَّلٍ (^٢) حَسّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ بالسَّيفِ ضَربًا شَديدًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فلَم يَقطَعْ صَفوانَ، وعَفا حَسّانُ بعدَ أن بَرأ، فلَم يُعاقِبْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَفوانَ (^٣).\n\n١٦١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى أبو أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشَةَ -﵂- في حَديثِ الإفكِ، قالَت عائشَةُ: وقَعَدَ صَفوانُ بنُ المُعَطَّلِ لِحَسّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ بالسَّيفِ فضَرَبَه ضَربَةً، وصاحَ حَسّانُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، واستَغاثَ النّاسَ على صَفوانَ، وفَرَّ صَفوانُ، وجاءَ حَسّانُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فاستَعداه\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٥٨٨).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: ذكر أبو هلال العسكرى اللغوى أن الطاء من \"معطل\" مفتوحة. والله أعلم\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٩٢.","vol":"16","page":256},{"text":"على صَفوانَ في ضَربَتِه إيّاه، فسألَه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- أن يَهَبَ له ضَربَةَ صَفوانَ إيّاه، فوَهَبَها لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فعاضَه مِنها حائطًا مِن نَخلٍ عَظيمٍ وجاريَةً روميَّةً، ويُقالُ: قِبطيَّةً (^١).\n\n١٦١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عَتيقٍ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قالا: سُئلَ ابنُ شِهابٍ عن رَجُلٍ يَضرِبُ الآخَرَ بالسَّيفِ في غَضبٍ، ما يُصنَعُ به؟ قال: قَد ضَرَبَ صَفوانُ بنُ المُعَطَّلِ حَسّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ المَضروبَ، فلَم يَقطَعْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3450>بابٌ</span>\n\n١٦١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عليَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- كان يَخرُجُ إلَى الصُّبحِ وفِى يَدِه دِرَّتُه يوقِظُ بها النّاسَ، فضَرَبَه ابنُ مُلجَمٍ، فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: أطعِموه واسقوه وأحسِنوا إسارَه، فإِن عِشتُ فأنا ولِيُّ دَمِى؛\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٥١٩، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٥/ ٢٥٨ (٧٧٤٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن إسحاق به. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ١١١ (١٥١) من طريق إسماعيل ابن أبى أويس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عمر بن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٣٤٩، ٣٥٠ من طريق موسى بن عقبة به مطولًا.","vol":"16","page":257},{"text":"أعفو إن شِئتُ، وإِن شِئتُ استَقَدتُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3451>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَتلِ الغِيلَةِ في عَفو الأولياءِ</span>\n\n١٦١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: مَن عَفا مِن ذِى سَهمٍ فعَفوُه عَفوٌ، قَد أجازَ عُمَرُ وابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵄- العَفوَ مِن أحَدِ الأولياءِ ولَم يَسألا: أقَتلُ غِيلَةٍ كان ذَلِكَ أم غَيرُه (^٢)؟\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقالَ بَعضُ أصحابِنا في الرَّجُلِ يَقتُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِن غَيرِ نائرَةٍ (^٣): هو إلَى الإمامِ، لا يَنتَظِرُ به ولِيَّ المَقتولِ. قال: واحتَجَّ لَهُم بَعضُ مَن يَعرِفُ مَذاهِبَهُم بأمرِ (^٤) مُجَذِّرِ بنِ ذِيادٍ (^٥)، ولَو كان حَديثُه مِمّا يَثبُتُ قُلنا به، فإِن ثَبَتَ فهو كما قالوا، ولا أعرِفُه إلَى يَومِى هذا ثابِتًا، وإِن لَم يَثبُتْ فكُلُّ مَقتولٍ قَتَلَه غَيرُ المُحارِبِ فالقَتلُ فيه إلَى ولِيِّ المَقتولِ؛ مِن قِبَلِ أن اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣]، وقالَ: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ (^٦) [البقرة: ١٧٨].\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٦٨٣٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٥٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٣) النائرة: العداوة والشحناء والفتنة الحادثة: تاج العروس ١٤/ ٣١٣ (ن ور).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"بأثر\".\n(^٥) في س، م في هذا الموضع وما سيأتي: \"زياد\". بالزاى أوله. وينظر تكملة الإكمال ٢/ ٦٥٦، والإصابة ٩/ ٥١٧.\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ٢٩٢.","vol":"16","page":258},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: إنَّما بَلَغَنا قِصَّةُ مُجَذِّرِ بنِ ذِيادٍ مِن حَديثِ الواقِدِىِّ مُنقَطِعًا، وهو ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١٦١٥٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ في ذِكرِ مَن قُتِلَ بأُحُدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، قال: ومُجَذِّرُ بنُ ذِيادٍ قَتَلَه الحارِثُ بنُ سوَيدٍ غِيلَةً، وكانَ مِن قِصَّةِ المُجَذِّرِ بنِ ذِيادٍ أنَّه قَتَلَ سوَيدَ بنَ الصّامِتِ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ أسلَمَ الحارِثُ بنُ سوَيدِ بنِ الصّامِتِ ومُجَذِّرُ بنُ ذِيادٍ فشَهِدا بَدرًا، فجَعَلَ الحارِثُ يَطلُبُ مُجَذِّرًا ليَقتُلَه بأبيه فلَم يَقدِرْ عَلَيه يَومَئذٍ، فلَمّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ وجالَ المُسلِمونَ تِلكَ الجَولَةَ أتاه الحارِثُ مِن خَلفِه فضرَبَ عُنُقَه، فرَجَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المَدينَةِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى حَمراءِ الأسَدِ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ أتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ فأخبَرَه أن الحارِثَ بنَ سوَيدٍ قَتَلَ مُجَذِّرَ بنَ ذِيادٍ غِيلَةً وأمَرَه بقَتلِه، فرَكِبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى قُباءٍ، فلَمّا رآه دَعا عوَيمَ بنَ ساعِدَةَ فقالَ: \"قَدِّمِ الحارثَ بنَ سوَيدٍ إلَى بابِ المَسجِدِ فاضرِبْ عُنُقَه بالمُجَذِّرِ بنِ زِيادٍ؛ فإِنَّه قَتلَه يَومَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً\". فأخَذَه عوَيمٌ، فقالَ الحارِثُ: دَعْنِى أُكَلِّمْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأبَى عَلَيه عوَيمٌ، فجابَذَه يُريدُ كَلامَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ونَهَضَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُريدُ أن يَركَبَ، فجَعَلَ الحارِثُ يقولُ: قَد واللهِ قَتَلتُه يا رسولَ اللهِ، واللهِ ما كان قَتلِى إيّاه رُجوعًا عن الإسلامِ ولا ارتيابًا فيه، ولَكِنَّه حَميَّةُ الشَّيطانِ، وأمرٌ وُكِلتُ فيه إلَى نَفسِى، فإِنِّى أتوبُ إلَى اللهِ ﷿ وإِلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأُخرِجُ ديَتَه وأصومُ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ","vol":"16","page":259},{"text":"وأُعتِقُ رَقَبَةً وأُطعِمُ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا، إنِّى أتوبُ إلَى اللهِ. وجَعَلَ يُمسِكُ برِكابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبَنو مُجَذِّرٍ حُضورٌ لا يقولُ لَهُم رسولُ الله -ﷺ- شَيئًا، حَتَّى إذا استَوعَبَ كَلامَه قال: \"قَدِّمْه يا عوَيمُ فاضرِبْ عُنُقَه\". فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه (^١).\n\n١٦١٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِيُّ وهو يَذكُرُ من عُرِفَ بالنِّفاقِ في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: والحارِثُ بنُ سوَيدِ بنِ صامِتٍ مِن بَنِى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وهو الَّذِى قَتَلَ المُجَذِّرَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً، فقَتَلَه به نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3452>بابُ ميراثِ الدَّمِ والعَقلِ</span>\n\n١٦١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا شُرَيحٍ الكَعبِيَّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا إنَّكُم مَعشَرَ خُزاعَةَ قَتَلتُم هذا القَتيلَ مِن هُذَيلٍ، وإنِّى عاقِلُه، فمَن قُتِلَ له بعدَ مَقالَتِى هذه قَتيلٌ فأهلُة بَينَ خِيَرَتَينِ؛ بَينَ أن يأخُذوا العَقلَ وبَينَ أن يَقتُلوا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٥٦) مختصرًا.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب (٤٨٥٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٦٠)، والترمذي (١٤٠٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (١٦١٣٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٧٩).","vol":"16","page":260},{"text":"١٦١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ (^١) المِصرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ مالكٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصمٍ، عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: الدّيَةُ لِلعاقِلَةِ، لا تَرِثُ المَرأة مِن ديَةِ زَوجِها. حَتَّى قال له الضَّحّاكُ بنُ سُفيانَ: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن أُوَرِّثَ امرأةَ أشيَمَ الضِّبابِيِّ مِن ديَةِ زَوجِها. فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ -﵁-. قال أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بهَذا الحَديثِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدٍ، وقالَ فيه: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- استَعمَلَه على الأعرابِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الرّوذبارِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِى عن شَيبانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م. وهو كذلك بدونها فيما تقدم (٣٧٣، ٥٧٧، ٦٠٣، ٧٧٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩٢٧). وعبد الرزاق (١٧٧٦٤)، وعنه أحمد (١٥٧٤٥)، وأخرجه الترمذى (١٤١٥، ٢١١٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٤٢) عن سفيان به. وسيأتى في (١٦٥٦٦)، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"16","page":261},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ العَقلَ ميراثٌ بَينَ ورَثَةِ القَتيلِ على قَرابَتِهِم، فما فضَلَ فلِلعَصَبَةِ\". قال: وقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن عَقلَ المَرأةِ بَينَ عَصَبَتِها مَن كانوا، لا يَرِثونَ مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا ما فضَلَ عن ورَثَتِها، وإن قُتِلَت فعَقلُها بَينَ ورَثَتِها، وهُم يَقتُلونَ قاتِلَها (^١).\n\n١٦١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: عَقلُ الرَّجُلِ الحُرِّ ميراثٌ بَينَ ورَثَتِه مَن كانوا، يُقسَمُ بَينَهُم على فرائضِهِم كما يَقسِمونَ ميراثَه، قَضَى بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وعَقلُ المَرأةِ الحُرَّةِ ميراثٌ بَينَ ورَثَتِها مَن كانوا، يُقسَمُ بَينَهُم كما يُقسَمُ ميراثُها، ويَعقِلُ عَنها عَصَبَتُها إذا قَتَلَت قَتيلًا أو جَرَحَت جَريحًا، قَضَى بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\nوعن عمرِو بنِ هَرِمٍ قال: سُئلَ جابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن الأخِ مِنَ الأُمِّ هَل يَرِثُ مِنَ الدّيَةِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ مِن أبيه؟ قال: نَعَم، قَد ورَّثَه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وعَلِيُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵄- وشُرَيحٌ، وكانَ عُمَرُ يقولُ: إنَّما ديَتُه بمَنزِلَةِ ميراثِهِ.\n\n١٦١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٩١)، وأبو داود (٤٥٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٩١)، والنسائي (٤٨١٥) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨١٨).","vol":"16","page":262},{"text":"عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عَمَّن أخبَرَه عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: لَقَد ظَلَمَ مَن لَم يوَرِّثِ الإِخوَةَ (^١) مِنَ الأُمِّ مِنَ الدّيَةِ شَيئًا (^٢).\n\n١٦١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: الدّيَةُ تُقسَمُ على فرائضِ اللهِ ﷿، فيَرِثُ مِنها كُلُّ وارِثٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3453>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ أن لِلكِبارِ أن يَقتَصّوا قبلَ بُلوغِ الصِّغارِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال أبو يوسُفَ: عن رَجُلٍ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ، أن الحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ -﵄- قتَلَ ابنَ مُلجَمٍ بعَلِيٍّ -﵁-. قال أبو يوسُفَ: وكانَ لِعَلِيٍّ -﵁- أولادٌ صِغارٌ (^٤).\nقال بَعضُ أصحابِنا: إنَّما استَبَدَّ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ -﵁- بقَتلِه قبلَ بُلوغِ الصِّغارِ مِن ولَدِ عليٍّ -﵁- لأنَّه قَتَلَه حَدًّا لِكُفرِه لا قِصاصًا. واحتَجّوا في ذَلِكَ بما:\n\n١٦١٦٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ القارِئُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"الأخ\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٠١٤) عن ابن عيينة عن عمرو عن عبد الله بن محمد بن على عن على. وأخرجه الدارمى (٣٠٨٣) عن قبيصة عن سفيان عن عمرو بن دينار عن بعض ولد ابن الحنفية عن على.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٧٨ عن أبي الحسن المصرى به.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ١٤٨.","vol":"16","page":263},{"text":"اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنِي خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن أبا سِنانٍ الدُّؤَلِيَّ حَدَّثَه أنَّه عادَ عَليًّا -﵁- في شَكوًى له اشتَكاها. قال: فقُلتُ له: لَقَد تَخَوَّفْنا عَلَيكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ في شَكواكَ هَذا. فقالَ: لَكِنِّى واللهِ ما تَخَوَّفتُ على نَفسِى مِنه؛ لأنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- الصّادِقَ المَصدوقَ يقولُ: \"إنَّكَ سَتُضرَبُ ضَربَةً ههنا وضَربَةً ههنا\" -وأشارَ إلَى صُدغَيه- \"فيَسيلُ دَمُها حَتَّى يَخضِبَ لِحيَتَكَ، ويَكونُ صاحِبُها أشقاها كما كان عاقِرُ النّاقَةِ أشقَى ثَمودَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3454>بابُ عَفو بَعضِ الأولياءِ عن القِصاصِ دونَ بَعضٍ</span>\n\n١٦١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الشّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى حِصنٌ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حَدَّثَتنِى عائشَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"على المُقتَتِلينَ أن يَنحَجِزوا الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ وإن كانَتِ امرأةً\" (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١١٣ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٢/ ٥٤٣ من طريق المصنف به.\nوابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٧٤)، والطبراني (١٧٣) من طريق أبى صالح به. وقال الهيثمى في مجمع الزوائد ٩/ ١٣٧: رواه الطبراني وإسناده حسن.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٥٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٣٨)، والنسائي (٤٨٠٢) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٨١).","vol":"16","page":264},{"text":"عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ أنَّه قال في حَديثِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لأهلِ القَتيلِ أن يَنحَجِزوا الأدنَى فالأدنَى وإِن كانَتِ امرأةً\": وذَلِكَ أن يُقتَلَ القَتيلُ ولَه ورَثَةٌ رِجالٌ ونِساءٌ، يقولُ: فأيُّهُم عَفا عن دَمِه مِنَ الأقرَبِ فالأقرَبِ مِن رَجُلٍ أو امرأةٍ فعَفوُه جائزٌ؛ لأنَّ قولَه: \"يَنحَجِزوا\" يَعنِى: يَكُفّوا عن القَوَدِ (^١).\n\n١٦١٦٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: وجَدَ رَجُلٌ عِندَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَها، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فوَجَدَ عَلَيها بَعضُ إخوَتِها فتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيه بنَصيبِه، فأمَرَ عُمَرُ -﵁- لِسائرِهِم بالدّيَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، أن رَجُلًا قَتَلَ امرأتَه، استَعدَى ثَلاثَةُ إخوَةٍ لها عَلَيه عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-، فعَفا أحَدُهُم، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁- لِلباقيَينِ: خُذا ثُلُثَىِ الدّيَةِ؛ فإِنَّه لا سَبيلَ إلَى قَتلِهِ.\n\n١٦١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ هو ابنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٦٠، ١٦١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٠٢٢) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"16","page":265},{"text":"أُتِيَ برَجُلٍ قَد قَتَلَ عَمْدًا، فأمَرَ بقَتلِه، فعَفا بَعضُ الأولياءِ، فأمَرَ بقَتلِه، فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: كانَتِ النَّفسُ لَهُم جَميعًا، فلَمّا عَفا هذا أحيا النَّفسَ، فلا يَستَطيعُ أن يأخُذَ حَقَّه حَتَّى يأخُذَ غَيرُه. قال: فما تَرَى؟ قال: أرَى أن تَجعَلَ الدّيَةَ عَلَيه في مالِه وتَرفَعَ حِصَّةَ الَّذِى عَفا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: وأنا أرَى ذَلِكَ. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، والمَوصولُ قَبلَه يُؤَكِّدُه (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٥٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٢٩.","vol":"16","page":266},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3455>جماعُ أبوابِ القِصاصِ بالسَّيفِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3456>بابُ إمكانِ الإمامِ وَلىَّ الدَّمِ مِنَ القاتِلِ يَضرِبُ عُنُقَهُ</span>\n\n١٦١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ ابنِ هارونَ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ البَكراوِىُّ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن حَمزة أبى عُمَرَ العائذِىِّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا عَوفٌ الأعرابِىُّ، أظُنُّه عن حَمزَةَ العائذِىِّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: جِئَ بالقاتِلِ الَّذِى قَتَلَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ جاءَ به ولِىُّ المَقتولِ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أتَعفو؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أتأخُذُ الدّيَةَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أتَقتُلُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فاذهَبْ به\". فلَمّا ذَهَبَ دَعاه فقالَ: \"أما إنَّكَ إن عَفَوتَ عنه فإِنَّه يَبوءُ بإِثمِكَ وإثمِ صاحِبِكَ\". فعَفا عنه فأرسَلَه. قال: فرأيتُه وهو يَجُرُّ نِسعَتَه (^١).\n\n١٦١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٢٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٧٣٧) -وعنه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٩٤٥) - من طريق إسحاق به. كلهم بدون ذكر حمزة العائذى. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦١٤٧). وصحح إسناده الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٤٠٤).","vol":"16","page":267},{"text":"شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، قال (^١) النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَ عَمدًا دُفِعَ إلَى ولِىِّ المَقتولِ، فإِن شاءَ قَتَلَه وإِن شاءَ أخَذَ الدّيَةَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3457>بابٌ: يَحفَظُ الإمامُ سَيفَه ليأخُذَ سَيفًا صارِمًا لا يُعَذِّبُه ولا يُمَثِّلُ بهِ</span>\n\n١٦١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أَبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى الأشعَثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: خَصلَتانِ سَمِعتُهُما مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الإِحسانَ على كُلِّ شَئ، فإِذا قَتَلتُم فأحسِنوا القِتلَةَ، وإذا ذَبَحتُم فأحسِنوا الذَّبحَ، وليُحِدَّ أحَدُكُم شَفرَتَه، وليُرِحْ ذَبيحَتَه\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ. أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، ص ٨: \"قال\". وينظر فى حذف \"قال\" إذا تكررت الشذا الفياح من علوم ابن الصلاح ١/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٢) سيأتى مطولًا فى (١٦٢٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨١٥) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٧١٣٩)، والنسائى (٤٤٢٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (١٨٠٩٨، ١٩٠٥٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٥٥).","vol":"16","page":268},{"text":"أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أحمدَ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الوَهّابِ يقولُ: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ حَمّادٍ عن حَديثِ هُنَىِّ بنِ نُوَيرَةَ فقالَ: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هُنَىِّ بنِ نُوَيرَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أعَفُّ النّاسِ قِتلَةً أهلُ الإيمانِ\" (^١).\nورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن مُغيرَةَ عن شِباكٍ عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3458>بابٌ: الوَلِىُّ لا يَستَبِدُّ بالقِصاصِ دونَ الإمامِ</span>\n\n١٦١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال فى رَجُلٍ قَدَرَ على قاتِلِ أخيه: أعَلَيه حَرَجٌ فيما بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ إن خافَ أن يَفوتَه قبلَ أن يَبلُغَ به (^٣) الإمامَ إن هو قَتَلَه؟ قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ ألا يُغتَصبَ فى قَتلِ النُّفوسِ دونَ الإمامِ.\nورُوّينا فى حَديثِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فى التى وُطِئَت مُستَكرَهَةً حَيثُ كَتَبَ إلَى الآفاقِ: أن لا تَقتُلوا أحَدًا إلَّا بإِذنِى (^٤).\n\n١٦١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُاللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسى (٢٧٢)، والشاشى فى مسنده (٣٥٢) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) سيأتى فى (١٨١١٥).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"إلى\".\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٧١٢٩، ١٧١٣٠).","vol":"16","page":269},{"text":"مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٤]، وقَولِه: ﴿وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ﴾ [الشورى: ٤١]، وقَولِه: ﴿وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ﴾ [النحل: ١٢٦]، وقَولِه: ﴿وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا﴾ [الشورى: ٤٠]. فهَذا ونَحوُه نَزَلَ بمَكَّةَ والمُسلِمونَ يَومَئذٍ قَليلٌ لَيسَ لَهُم سُلطانٌ يَقهَرُ المُشرِكينَ، وكانَ المُشرِكونَ يَتَعاطَونَهُم بالشَّتمِ والأذَى، فأمَرَ اللهُ المُسلِمينَ مَن يُجازِى مِنهُم أن يُجازوا بمِثلِ الَّذِى أُتِىَ إلَيه، أو يَصبِروا ويَعفوا فهو أمثَلُ، فلَمّا هاجَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المَدينَةِ وأعَزَّ اللهُ سُلطانَه أمَرَ المُسلِمينَ أن يَنتَهوا فى مَظالِمِهِم إلَى سُلطانِهِم ولا يَعدوَ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ كأهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ فقالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣] يقولُ: يَنصُرُه السُّلطانُ حَتَّى يُنصفَه (^١) مِن ظالِمِه، ومَنِ انتَصرَ لِنَفسِه دونَ السُّلطانِ فهو عاصٍ مُسرِفٌ قَد عَمِلَ بحَميَّةِ الجاهِليَّةِ، ولَم يَرضَ بحُكمِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3459>بابُ ما رُوِىَ فى عَمدِ الصَّبِىِّ</span>\n\n١٦١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لا يَؤُمَّنَّ أحَدٌ جالِسًا بعدَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ينصره\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٣١٠، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ١/ ٣٢٩ (١٧٤٠) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به مقتصرًا على الشرط الأول.","vol":"16","page":270},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وعَمدُ الصَّبِىِّ وخَطؤُه سَواءٌ؛ فيه الكَفّارَةُ، وأيُّما امرأةٍ تَزَوَّجَت عبدَها فاجلِدوها الحَدَّ. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويه جابِرٌ الجُعفِىُّ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١٦١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سابورَ الدَّقيقِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الحَلَبِىُّ عُبَيدُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ المَدَنِىُّ (^٢)، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ضُمَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: عَمدُ المَجنونِ والصَّبِىِّ خَطأٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3460>بابُ أحَدِ الأولياءِ إذا عَدا على رَجُلٍ فقَتَلَه بأنَّه قاتِلُ أبيهِ</span>\n\n١٦١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: لما طُعِنَ عُمَرُ -﵁- وثَبَ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ على الهُرمُزانِ فقَتَلَه، فقيلَ لِعُمَرَ: إنَّ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قَتَلَ الهُرمُزانَ. قالَ: ولِمَ قَتَلَهُ؟ قال: إنَّه قَتَلَ أبِى. قيلَ: وكَيفَ ذاكَ؟ قال: رأيتُه قبلَ ذَلِكَ مُستَخليًا بأبِى لُؤلُؤَةَ وهو أمَرَه بقَتلِ أبِى. قال عُمَرُ: ما أدرِى ما هذا. انظُروا إذا أنا مِتُّ فسلوا عُبَيدَ اللهِ البَيِّنةَ على الهُرمُزانِ هو قَتَلَنِى، فإِن أقامَ البَيِّنَةَ فدَمُه بدَمِى، وإِن لَم يُقِمِ البَيِّنَةَ فأقيدوا عُبَيدَ اللهِ مِنَ الهُرمُزانِ. فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"المدينى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٨٤.","vol":"16","page":271},{"text":"ولِىَ عثمانُ -﵁- قيلَ له: ألا تُمضِى وصيَّةَ عُمَرَ -﵁- فى عُبَيدِ اللهِ؟ قال: ومَن ولِىُّ الهُرمُزانِ؟ قالوا: أنتَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: فقَد عَفَوتُ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3461>بابُ القِصاصِ بغَيِر السَّيفِ</span>\n\n١٦١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ أن جاريَةً رُضِخَ رأسُها بَينَ حَجَرَينِ، فقيلَ لها: مَن فعَلَ هذا بكِ؟ أفُلانٌ؟ أفُلانٌ؟ (^٢) حَتَّى سُمِّىَ اليَهودِىُّ، فأومَت برأسِها، فبُعِثَ إلَى اليَهودِىِّ فاعتَرَفَ، فأمَرَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرُضِخَ رأسُه بَين حجرَينِ. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٦١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، أخبرَنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رَهطًا مِن عُرَينَةَ قَدِموا على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالوا: إنا قَدِ اجتَوَينا (^٤) المَدينَةَ فعَظُمَت بُطونُنا، وتَهَشَّمَت أعضاؤُنا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٦٣ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٥٢: منقطع، وعلى واهٍ.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٤٠)، والدارمى (٢٤٠٠) من طريق عفان به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٦١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤١٣)، ومسلم (١٦٧٢/ ١٧).\n(^٤) اجتوينا: أى لم يوافقنا غذاؤها. والجوى: داء فى الجوف لا يُسْتمرأ منه الطعام. أساس البلاغة ١/ ١٤٣.","vol":"16","page":272},{"text":"فأمَرَهُمُ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يَلحَقوا براعِى الإبِلِ فيَشرَبوا مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها. قال: فلَحِقوا براعِى الإبِلِ فشَرِبوا مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها حَتَّى صَلَحَت بُطونُهُم وألوانُهُم، فقَتَلوا الرّاعِىَ واستاقوا الإِبِلَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ فى طَلَبِهِم، فقَطَعَ أيديَهُم وأرجُلَهُم وسَمَرَ (^١) أعيُنَهُم (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ (^٣). زادَ فيه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ: وتَرَكَهُم فى الحَرَّةِ حَتَّى ماتوا (^٤).\n\n١٦١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ أبى الثَّلجِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ: إنَّما سَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أعيُنَهُم لأنَّهُم سَمَروا أعيُنَ الرِّعاءِ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ غَيلانَ (^٥).\n\n١٦١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِاللهِ بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، أن عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) سمر: أى أحمى لهم مسامير الحديد ثم كحلهم بها. النهاية ٢/ ٣٩٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٨٦)، وأبو يعلى (٣٨٧٢) من طريق عفان به. وسيأتى فى (١٨١٠٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٨٦)، ومسلم (١٦٧١ / عقب ١٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣٧)، والبخارى (٤١٩٢، ٥٧٢٧)، والنسائى (٣٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٧١/ ١٤).","vol":"16","page":273},{"text":"مَروانَ أقادَ رَجُلًا مِن رَجُلٍ قَتَلَه بعَصًا، فقَتَلَه بعَصًا (^١).\nورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِى أنَّه قال: إذا مَثَّلَ به ثُمَّ قَتَلَه مُثِّلَ به ثُمَّ قُتِلَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3462>بابُ ما رُوِىَ فى أن لا قَوَدَ إلَّا بحَديدَةٍ</span>\n\n١٦١٨٠ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قَيسٌ، عن جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ، عن أبى عازِبٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا قَوَدَ إلَّا بحَديدَةٍ\" (^٢). كَذا أتَى به قَيس بنُ الرَّبيعِ بهَذا الإِسنادِ عن جابِرٍ.\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن جابِرٍ على اللَّفظِ الَّذِى مَضَى فى بابِ شِبهِ العَمدِ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ:\n\n١٦١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ النُّعمانِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجَرجَرائىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، عن مُبارَكٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا قَوَدَ إلَّا بالسَّيفِ\". قال يونُسُ: قُلتُ لِلحَسَنِ: عَمَّن أخَذتَ هَذا؟ قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يَذكُرُ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٦١٨٢ - وقيلَ: عن مُبارَكِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن أبى بكرَةَ مَرفوعًا.\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٨٧٢.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٨٣٩).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٦٠٧٥، ١٦٠٧٦).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٦.","vol":"16","page":274},{"text":"أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسوسِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ [محمدِ بنِ صالِحٍ] (^١)، حدثنا مُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٦١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ (^٣) بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا قَوَدَ إلَّا بالسَّيفِ\" (^٤). كَذا قال: عن أبى سَلَمَةَ.\n\n١٦١٨٤ - ورَواه غَيرُه عن بَقيَّةَ فقالَ: عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الغَفّارِ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن أبى مُعاذٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٥). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عامِرُ بنُ سَيّارٍ عن أبى مُعاذٍ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"مسلم\". وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٦، وتبصير المنتبه ١/ ٣٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٥٤٣، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٦ من طريق أبى أمية الطرسوسى به.\nوابن ماجه (٢٦٦٨)، والبزار فى مسنده (٣٦٦٣) من طريق مبارك بن فضالة به، وفى الزوائد: فى إسناده مبارك بن نضالة وهو يدلس، وقد عنعنه، وكذا الحسن.\n(^٣) فى م: \"عمرو\".\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١١٠٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الديات (١١٤) من طريق بقية به. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٨ من طريق المسيب بن واضح به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٧ من طريق عامر بن سيار به.","vol":"16","page":275},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن سُلَيمانَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ أبى المُخارِقِ عن إبراهيمَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ مَرفوعًا (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ هِلالٍ عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عاصمٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nوهَذا الحَديثُ لَم يَثبُتْ له إسنادٌ؛ مُعَلَّى بنُ هِلالٍ الطَّحّانُ مَتروكٌ (^٣)، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، ومُبارَكُ بنُ فَضالَةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٥)، وجابِرُ بنُ يَزيدَ الجُعفِىُّ مَطعونٌ فيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الديات (١١٣)، والطبرانى (١٠٠٤٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٨ من طريق سليمان أبى معاذ به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٧ من طريق معلى بن هلال به.\n(^٣) معلى بن هلال بن سويد الحضرمى أبو عبد الله الطحان الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٩٦، ٨/ ٣٣١، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٩٧، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٦٦: اتفق النقاد على تكذيبه.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٨٩٣).\n(^٥) مبارك بن فضالة بن أبى أمية القرشى العدوى أبو فضالة البصرى. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤٢٦، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٣٣٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٨٠، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٢٧: صدوق يدلس ويسوى.\n(^٦) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).","vol":"16","page":276},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3463>جماعُ أبوابِ القِصاصِ فيما دونَ النَّفسِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَم أعلَمْ خِلافًا فى أن القِصاصَ فى هذه الآيَةِ كما حَكَى اللهُ أنَّه حَكَمَ به بَينَ أهلِ التَّوراةِ.\nوذَكَرَ أيضًا مَعنَى ما:\n\n١٦١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، أن رَجُلًا قامَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وهو على المِنبَرِ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ظَلَمَنِى عامِلُكَ وضَرَبَنِى. فقالَ عُمَرُ: واللَّهِ لأُقيدَنَّكَ مِنه إذن. فقالَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، وتُقيدُ مِن عامِلِكَ؟ قال: نَعَم، واللَّهِ لأُقيدَنَّ مِنهُم؛ أقادَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن نَفسِه، وأقادَ أبو بكرٍ مِن نَفسِه، أفَلا أُقيدُ؟! قال عمرُو بنُ العاصِ: أوْ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: وما هو؟ قال: أو ما يُرضيه (^١). قال: أو ذَلِكَ. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رُوّيناه مَوصولًا ومُرسَلًا فى بابِ قَتلِ الإمامِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ٨: \"ترضيه\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٦١١٨، ١٦١١٩).","vol":"16","page":277},{"text":"١٦١٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدئنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- فى قَولِه ﷿: ﴿النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾ قال: تُقتَلُ النَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ، وتُفقأُ العَينُ بالعَينِ، ويُقطَعُ الأنفُ بالأنفِ، وتُنزَعُ السِّنُّ بالسِّنِّ، ويُقتَصُّ الجِراحُ بالجِراحِ، فهَذا يَستَوِى فيه أحرارُ المُسلِمينَ فيما بَينَهُم، رِجالُهُم ونِساؤُهُم فيما بَينَهُم إذا كان عَمدًا فى النَّفسِ وما دونَ النَّفسِ (^١).\n\n١٦١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أن أُختَ الرُّبَيِّعِ أُمَّ حارِثَةَ جَرَحَت إنسانًا، فاختَصَموا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"القِصاصَ القِصاصَ\". فقالَت أُمُّ الرُّبَيِّعِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيُقتَصُّ مِن فُلانَةَ؟! واللَّهِ لا يُقتَصُّ مِنها أبَدًا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ، القِصاصُ كِتابُ اللهِ\". قالَت: واللَّهِ لا يُقتَصُّ مِنها أبَدًا. قال: فما زالَت حَتَّى قَبِلوا الدّيَةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\"إنَّ مِن عِبادِ اللهِ مَن لَو أقسَمَ على اللهِ لأبَرَّه\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٤٧٢، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٤/ ١١٤٤، ١١٤٥ (٦٤٣٨، ٦٤٤٠، ٦٤٤٢، ٦٤٤٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٢٨)، والنسائى (٤٧٦٩) من طريق عفان به. وعبد بن حميد (١٣٥٠)، وابن حبان (٦٤٩١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"16","page":278},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^١).\n\n١٦١٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَطَمَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ بنتُ النَّضرِ جاريَةً فكَسَرَت ثَنيَّتَها، فطَلَبوا إلَيهِمُ العَفوَ فأبَوا، وعَرَضوا الأرشَ عَلَيهِم فأبَوا، فأتَوُا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فأمَرَ بالقِصاصِ، فقالَ أنَسُ بنُ النَّضرِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أتُكسَرُ ثَنيَّةُ الرُّبَيِّعِ؟ والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لا تُكسَرُ ثَنيَّتُها. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا أنَسُ، كِتابُ اللَّهِ القِصاصُ\". فرَضِىَ القَومُ فعَفَوا، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِن عِبادِ اللهِ مَن لَو أقسَمَ على اللهِ لأبَرَّه (^٢) \". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\nظاهِرُ الخَبَرَينِ يَدُلُّ على كَونِهِما قِصَّتَينِ، وإِلَّا فثابِتٌ أحفَظُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3464>بابُ ما لا قِصاصَ فيهِ</span>\n\n١٦١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: لا أُقيدُ مِنَ العِظامِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٧٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٣٤)، وحديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصارى (٢٠). وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٩٨١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٧٠٣، ٤٤٩٩، ٦٨٩٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى الخراج (٢٦٤) عن حجاج به.","vol":"16","page":279},{"text":"١٦١٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ، أن رَجُلًا كَسَرَ فخِذَ رَجُلٍ فخاصَمَه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أقِدْنِى. قال: لَيسَ لَكَ القَوَدُ، إنَّما لَكَ العَقلُ. قال الرَّجُلُ: فأسْمعُنى كالأرقَمِ إن يُقتَلْ يُنْقَمْ وإِن يُترَكْ يُلقَمْ (^١). قال: فأنتَ كالأرقَمِ.\n\n١٦١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المدينَةِ؛ قال إسماعيلُ فى حَديثِه: وكانوا يَقولونَ: القَوَدُ بَينَ النّاسِ مِن كُلِّ كَسرٍ أو جُرحٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لا قَوَدَ فى مأمومَةٍ (^٢) ولا جائفَةٍ (^٣) ولا مَتلَفٍ كائنًا ما كان. وقالَ عيسَى فى حَديثِه: وكانوا يَقولونَ: الفَخِذُ مِنَ المَتالِفِ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى هذا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بأسانيدَ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُها؛ مِنها ما:\n_________\n(^١) الأرقم: الحية، والعرب تزعم أنها إذا قتلت أخذت الجن بثأرها، يضرب مثلا للرجل لا ينفع عنده إكرام ولا إهانة. الأمثال لأبى الخير الهاشمى ص ٢٠٣.\nوقد ضبط فى الأصل هنا بضم الياء من \"ينقم، ويلقم\". والمثبت كما فى هذه المصادر.\n(^٢) المأمومة: ما كان من الجراح فى الرأس، وهى ما بلغت أم الدماغ. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٠.\n(^٣) الجائفة: الطعنة التى تنفذ إلى الجوف. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٤٠.","vol":"16","page":280},{"text":"١٦١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن يَحيَى وعيسَى ابنَىْ طَلحَةَ أو أحَدِهِما، عن طَلحَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ فى المأمومَةِ قَوَدٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦١٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا رِشدينُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٢)، عن مُعاذِ بنِ محمدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن ابنِ صُهبانَ، عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا قَوَدَ فى المأمومَةِ ولا الجائفَةِ ولا المُنَقِّلَةِ (^٣) \" (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن مُعاذٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٣٧).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"سقط بين رشدين ومعاد معاويةُ بن صالح، رواه ابن جرير الطبرى كذلك عن أبى كريب، والله أعلم\".\n(^٣) المنَقِّلة: هى التى تخرج منها صغار العظام، وتنتقل عن أماكنها. وقيل: التى تنقل العظم: أى تكسره. النهاية ٥/ ١١٠.\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٦٧٠٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٣٧)، وأبو بكر الشافعى فى الغيلانيات (٢٩٢) من طريق أبى كريب به. جميعهم بذكر معاوية بن صالح بين رشدين ومعاذ، كما نبه على ذلك فى حاشية الأصل، وكذا قال الذهبى فى المهذب ٦/ ٣١٥٥. وفى الزوائد: فى إسناده رشدين بن سعد المصرى أبو الحجاج المهرى ضعفه جماعة. واختلف فيه كلام أحمد فمرة ضعفه ومرة قال: أرجو أنه صالح الحديث.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٧٠٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"16","page":281},{"text":"١٦١٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن دَهثَمِ بنِ قُرّانَ العِجلِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى نِمرانُ بنُ جاريَةَ (^١)، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا ضَرَبَ رَجُلًا بالسَّيفِ على ساعِدِه، فقَطَعَها مِن غَيرِ مَفصِلٍ، فاستَعدَى عَلَيه النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فأمَرَ له بالدّيَةِ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُريدُ القِصاصَ قال له: \"خُذِ الدّيَةَ بارَكَ اللهُ لَكَ فيها\". ولَم يَقضِ له بالقِصاصِ (^٢).\n\n١٦١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ المَكِّىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن طاوُسٍ ذَكَرَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا طَلاقَ قبلَ مِلكٍ، ولا قِصاصَ فيما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ (^٣) مِنَ الجِراحاتِ\" (^٤). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٦١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مُخارِقٍ، عن طارِقٍ، أن خالِدًا أقادَ مَن لَطمَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"جار\". ويظر التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١١٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٣٦) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به. وفى الزوائد: فى إسناده دهثم بن قران اليمانى، ضعفه أبو داود. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٥٥: دهثم واهٍ.\n(^٣) الموضِحَة: بلفت العظم فأوضحت عنه. تاج العروس ٧/ ٢١٥ (وض ح).\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٥٥: إسماعيل تالف.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٤٦٤) من طريق مخارق به.","vol":"16","page":282},{"text":"١٦١٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أقادَ مِن لَطمَةٍ (^١).\nقال أحمدُ: هَكَذا فى كِتابِى.\nورَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ عن ابنِ أخِى عمرٍو، عن عمرٍو. أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال سفيانُ فى رِوايَةِ يَحيَى: اختَلَفَ فيه ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ وابنُ أبى لَيلَى، فقالَ ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ: أنا أُقيدُ. وقالَ ابنُ أبى لَيلَىْ: لا أعرِفُ. لَعَلَّها تَكونُ شَديدَةً فيَلْطُمُ دونَها، ويَكونُ دونَها فيَلْطُمُ أشَدَّ مِنها.\nقال الشيخُ: فُقَهاءُ الأمصارِ على أن لا قَوَدَ فيها؛ لِقَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٩]. والقِصاصُ هو المُساواةُ والمُماثَلَةُ، واعتِبارُ المُساواةِ فيما بَينَ اللَّطمَتَينِ مُتَعَذِّرٌ واللَّهُ أعلمُ، ورُوّينا فى بابِ قَتلِ الإمامِ وجَرحِه ما يُوهِمُ وُجوبَ القِصاصِ فى الضَّربِ بالخَشَبَةِ والسَّوطِ (^٣)، وذَلِكَ مَحمولٌ عِندَهُم على حُصولِ شَجَّةٍ أو جُرحٍ بها يُمكِنُ اعتِبارُ المُماثَلَةِ فيها، فقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ فى بَعضِ تِلكَ الأخبارِ، أو يَكونُ مَحمولًا على أنَّه رأى تَعزيرَه بأن يُفعَلَ به مِن جِنسِ فِعلِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٤٦٧)، ومسدد - كما فى الإتحاف (٤٥٨٩) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٣٧.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦١١٠ - ١٦١٢٠).","vol":"16","page":283},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3465>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الاستيناءِ بالقِصاصِ مِنَ الجُرحِ والقَطعِ</span>\n\n١٦١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ. وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أن رَجُلًا طَعَنَ رَجُلًا بقَرْنٍ فى رُكبَتِه، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَستَقيدُ، فقالَ له: \"حَتَّى تَبرَأَ\". وفى رِوايَةِ أبى علىٍّ الحافظِ: فقيلَ له: \"حَتَّى تَبرأَ\". قال: فأبَى وعَجِلَ فاستَقادَ، فعَتَبتْ (^١) رِجلُه وبَرَأَتْ رِجلُ المُستَقادِ، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له: \"لَيسَ لَكَ شَئٌ، إنَّكَ أبَيتَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ:\n\n١٦١٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: فقيلَ له: \"حَتَّى تَبرَأَ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنىُّ الحافظُ: أخطأ فيه ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ، وخالَفَهُما أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"هكذا وقع: فعتبت. بباء موحدة بين التاءين المنقوطتين، وقوله: فعنتت؛ بتقديم النون: من العنت، قال القتبى: وهو أحب إلىَّ\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٤٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٢٣٨). ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٤١). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩ من طريق عثمان بن أبى شيبة به.","vol":"16","page":284},{"text":"حَنبَلٍ وغَيرُه فرّوَوه عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ عن عمرٍو مُرسَلًا، وكَذَلِكَ قال أصحابُ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عنه، وهو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n١٦٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٠١ - وعن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبعَدَكَ اللهُ، أنتَ عَجِلتَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يُعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا عمرٌو، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ قال: طَعَنَ رَجُلٌ آخَرَ بقَرنٍ فى رِجلِه، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: أقِدْنِى. فقالَ: \"انتَظِرْ\". ثُمَّ أتاه فقالَ: أقِدْنِى. قال: \"انتَظِرْ\". ثُمَّ أتاه الثّالِثَةَ أو ما شاءَ اللهُ، فقالَ: أقِدْنِى مرةً. فأقادَه، فبَرأ الأوَّلُ وشَلَّت رِجلُ الآخَرِ، فجاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: أقِدْنِى مَرَّةً أُخرَى. قال: \"لَيسَ لَكَ شَئٌ؛ قَد قُلتُ لَكَ: انتَظِرْ. فأبيتَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٤٢)، وفى المعرفة (٤٨٦٨)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٩٨٧).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٩٠، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٩٨٨).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٤٣). وأخرجه الشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٦٣١)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٢٥٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٨٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":285},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^١).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n١٦٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأُمَوِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وعُثمانَ بنِ الأسوَدِ ويَعقوبَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن رَجُلًا جُرِحَ فأرادَ أن يَستَقيدَ، فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَمتَثِلَ (^٢) مِنَ الجارحِ حَتَّى يَبرأَ المَجروحُ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به عَنهُم هذا الأُمَوِىُّ، وعَنه يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ.\n\n١٦٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلمٍ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تُقاسُ الجراحاتُ ثُمَّ يُستأنَى بها سنةً، ثُمَّ يُقضَى فيها بقَدرِ ما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٩٨٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٨٥٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩ من طريق ابن جريج به. وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٢٥٤) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) امتثل: اقتص. التاج ٣٠/ ٣٨٤ (م ث ل).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٩ من طريق أحمد بن على الخزاز به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الديات (١٢٨)، والطبرانى فى المعجم الأوسط (٤٠٦٨)، وابن الجوزى فى التحقيق (١٧٨٣) من طريق يعقوب بن حميد به. وقال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٥٦: يعقوب ذو مناكير. وقال الزيلعى فى نصب الراية ٤/ ٣٧٩: قال فى التنقيح: عبد الله بن عبد الله الأموى روى له ابن ماجه حديثًا واحدًا، وذكره ابن حبان فى الثقات وقال: يُخالِف فى روايته. وقال العقيلى: لا يُتابع على حديثه، ولا نعلم روى عنه غير ابن كاسب.","vol":"16","page":286},{"text":"انتَهَت إلَيه\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الضُّعَفاءِ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، ومِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن جابِرٍ، ولَم يَصِحَّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٦٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ إسماعيلُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مِيكالَ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وجَأ رَجُلٌ فخِذَ رَجُلٍ، فجاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أقِدْنِى مِنه. قال: \"حَتَّى تَبرأَ\". قال: أقِدْنِى. قال: \"حَتَّى تَبرأَ\". ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: أقِدْنِى يا رسولَ اللهِ. فأقادَه، فجاءَ بَعدُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: شَلَّت رِجلِى. قال: \"قَد أخَذتَ حَقَّكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضِى أبو طاهِرٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا القواريرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُمرانَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رَجُلًا طَعَنَ رَجُلًا بقَرنٍ فى رُكبَتِه فجاءَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أقِدْنِى. قال: \"حَتَّى تَبرأَ\". ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَيه فقالَ: أقِدْنِى. فأقادَه، ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَيه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ عَرِجتُ. قال: \"قَد نَهَيتُكَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٤/ ١٤٦٤.\n(^٢) قال الذهبى ٦/ ٣١٥٧: أبو يحيى القتات لين.","vol":"16","page":287},{"text":"فعَصَيتِنِى، فأبعَدَكَ اللهُ وبَطَلَ عَرَجُكَ\". ثُمَّ نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُقتَصَّ مِن جُرحٍ حَتَّى يَبرأَ صاحِبُه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3466>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَموتُ فى قِصاصِ الجُرحِ</span>\nفيما ذَكَرَه أبو يَحيَى السّاجِىُّ عن جَميلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَتَكِىِّ، عن أبى هَمّامٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وعَلِىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- أنَّهُما قالا فى الَّذِى يَموتُ فى القِصاصِ: لا ديَةَ لَه (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: مَن ماتَ فى حَدٍّ فإِنَّما قَتَلَه الحَدُّ، فلا عَقلَ له، ماتَ فى حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللَّهِ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ٨٨، ومن طريقه الحازمى فى الاعتبار ص ١٩٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٩٠ من طريق محمد بن خالد عن ابن جريرج به، وفى طبعة الرسالة (٣١٢١): \"مسلم بن خالد عن ابن جريج\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٤٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨١٢٥) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"16","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3467>كتابُ الديَاتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3468>بابُ أسنانِ الإبِلِ المُغَلَّظَةِ فى شِبهِ العَمدِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإِسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ أوسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ يَومَ الفَتحِ بمَكَّةَ فكَبَّرَ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ قال: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه، صَدَقَ وعدَه، ونَصَرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه، ألا إنَّ كُلَّ مأثَرَةٍ كانَت فى الجاهِليَّةِ تُذكَرُ وتُدَّعَى مِن دَمٍ أو مالٍ تَحتَ قَدَمَىَّ هاتَينِ، إلَّا ما كان مِن سِقايَةِ الحاجِّ وسِدانَةِ البَيتِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"ألا إنَّ ديَةَ الخَطأ شِبهِ العَمدِ -ما كان بالسَّوطِ والعَصا- مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، مِنها أربَعونَ فى بُطونِها أولادُها\". لَيسَ فى حَديثِ المُقرِئَ ذِكرُ التَّكبيرِ، وقالَ: \"ألا وإِنَّ قَتيلَ الخَطأَ شِبهِ العَمدِ\". والباقِى بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٦٢٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٦٠٩٣).","vol":"16","page":289},{"text":"القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه، قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الفَتحِ -أو: فتحِ مَكَّةَ- على دَرَجَةِ البَيتِ أوِ الكَعبَةِ. قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ عن يَعقوبَ السَّدوسِىِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: وقَد رَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُينَةَ عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ كما رَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ (^٢). ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن علىٍّ كما قال أبو داودَ (^٣)، فعَلِىُّ بنُ زَيدٍ كان يَخلِطُ فيه، فالحَديثُ حَديثُ خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nقال الشيخُ: ويُقالُ: يَعقوبُ السَّدوسِىُّ هو عُقبَةُ بنُ أوسٍ، وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ قَصَّرَ بإِسنادِه حَيثُ لَم يَذكُرْ فيه القاسِمَ بنَ رَبيعَةَ.\n\n١٦٢١٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ القاضِى، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ البحرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وبِشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ قالا: حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ أوسٍ -قال بشرٌ: وهو الَّذِى كان يقولُ محمدٌ: عُقبَةُ بنُ أوسٍ- عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٤٩). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٨٦).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٦٢٠٩).\n(^٣) ذكره الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٤ عن حماد به. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٨٠٥) من طريق حماد من مسند ابن عمر.","vol":"16","page":290},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ قال: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه\". فذَكَرَ مَعنَى حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: يَعقوبُ بنُ أوسٍ وعُقبَةُ بنُ أوسٍ واحِدٌ. قال: وسُئلَ يَحيَى عن حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو هذا فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: إنَّ سُفيانَ يقولُ: عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ. فقالَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: علىُّ بنُ زَيدٍ لَيسَ بشَئٍ، والحَديثُ حَديثُ خالِدٍ، وإِنَّما هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3469>بابُ صِفَةِ السِّتّيَن التى مَعَ الأربَعيَن</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والسِّتّونَ التى مَعَ الأربَعينَ الخَلِفَةِ، ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً وثَلاثونً جَذَعَةً، وقَد رُوِىَ هذا عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\nورَواه فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- (^٤).\n\n١٦٢١١ - أخبرَناه أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه النسائى (٤٨١٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٩٤٩) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وتقدم فى (١٦٠٩٢)، وسيأتى فى (١٦٢٣١). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٤٦٤).\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٨٤.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١١٣.\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ٣٤.","vol":"16","page":291},{"text":"القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: الدّيَةُ المُغَلَّظَةُ ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعونَ خَلِفَةً، وهِىَ شِبهُ العَمدِ (^١).\n\n١٦٢١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ فى المُغَلَّظَةِ: ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعونَ ثَنيَّةً خَلِفَةً إلَى بازِلِ عامِها (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ وأبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ أنَّهُما قالا فى المُغَلَّظَةِ كما قال زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- ما يُخالِفُ بَعضَه:\n\n١٦٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه، عن أبى عياضٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- فى المُغَلَّظَةِ: أربَعونَ جَذَعَةً خَلِفَةً، وثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ بَناتِ لَبونٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢١٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٧٣) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٧٧) من طريق ابن أبى خالد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧٢٢٠) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢١٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٧٦) من طريق مغيرة عن الشعبى به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٥٥٤، ٤٥٥٥)، وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٧٥)، وابن جرير ٧/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به، بذكر دية الخطأ، وسيأتى فى (١٦٢٤٢). وصححه الألبانى فى =","vol":"16","page":292},{"text":"وعن قَتادَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فى الدّيَةِ المُغَلَّظَةِ. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه سَواءً.\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ قال: ورُوِىَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- مِثلُ ما قُلنا فى شِبهِ العَمدِ؛ ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعونَ خَلِفَةً. ومِن حَديثٍ آخَرَ: ثَلاثٌ وثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثٌ وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعٌ وثَلاثونَ خَلِفَةً (^١).\n\n١٦٢١٤ - أخبرَنا بهَذِه الرِّوايَةِ الأخيرَةِ أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّاد، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال فى شِبهِ العَمدِ أثلاثًا: ثَلاثٌ وثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثٌ وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعٌ وثَلاثونَ ثَنيَّةً إلَى بازِلِ عامِها، كُلُّها خَلِفَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ، قال عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسِعودٍ -﵁- فى شِبه العَمدِ: خَمسٌ وعِشرونَ حِقَّةً، وخَمسٌ وعِشرونَ جَذَعَةً، وخَمسٌ وعِشرونَ بَناتِ لَبونٍ، وخَمسٌ\n_________\n= صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٠٩).\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٠.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٥٥٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٧٤) عن أبى الأحوص به. وضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٨٩).","vol":"16","page":293},{"text":"وعِشرونَ بَناتِ مَخاضٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى مِجْلَزٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- فى شِبهِ العَمدِ أرباعٌ: رُبُعٌ بَناتُ لَبونٍ، ورُبُعٌ حِقاقٌ، ورُبُعٌ جِذاعٌ، ورُبُعٌ ثَنيَّةٌ إلَى بازِلِ عامِها.\nقَدِ اختَلَفوا هذا الاختِلافَ، وقَولُ مَن يوافِقُ قَولُه سُنَّةَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- المَذكورَةَ فى البابِ قَبلَه أولَى بالاتِّباعِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٦٢١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إلَى أولياءِ المقتولِ، فإِن شاءوا قَتَلوه، وإن شاءوا أخَذوا الدّيَةَ، وهِىَ ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعونَ خَلِفَةً، وذَلِكَ عَقلُ العَمدِ، وما صولِحوا عَلَيه فهو لَهُم، وذَلِكَ تَشديدُ العَقلِ\". وإنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"عَقلُ شِبهِ العَمدِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِتلُ عَقلِ العَمدِ، ولا يُقتَلُ صاحِبُه، وذَلِكَ أن يَنزوَ الشَّيطانُ بَينَ النّاسِ فيَكونَ رِمّيَّا فى عِمّيّا فى غَيرِ ضَغينَةٍ ولا حَملِ سِلاحٍ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٥١). وأخرجه ابن ابى شيبة (٢٧١٧١) عن أبى الأحوص به. وضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٨٨).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٦١٣٦).","vol":"16","page":294},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3470>بابُ وُجوبِ الدّيَةِ فى شِبهِ العَمدِ على العاقِلَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: اقتَتَلَتِ امرأتانِ مِن هُذَيلٍ، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بحَجَرٍ فأصابَت بَطنَها فقَتَلَتها وألقَت جَنينًا، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بديَتِها على عاقِلَةِ الأُخرَى، وفِى الجَنينِ غُرَّةٌ؛ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ. قال: فقالَ قائلٌ: كَيفَ نَعقِلُ مَن لا يأكُلُ ولا يَشرَبُ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ (^١)، فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ (^٢). فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- كما زَعَمَ أبو هريرةَ: \"هذا مِن إخوانِ الكُهّانِ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3471>بابُ تنجيمِ (^٦) الدّيَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن تنجَّمَ الدّيَةُ فى ثَلاثِ سِنينَ.\n_________\n(^١) استهلال الصبى: تصويته عند ولادته. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧١.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"يطل\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣١٤٣، ٣١٤٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٣٣٨)، وعنه أحمد (٧٧٠٣). وسيأتى فى (١٦٤٨٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨١/ عقب ٣٦).\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٧٥٨، ٥٧٥٩)، ومسلم (١٦٨١/ ٣٤).\n(^٦) تنجيم: إعطاء المال المطلوب فى أوقات معلومة متتابعة. النهاية ٥/ ٢٤.","vol":"16","page":295},{"text":"١٦٢٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: تَغليظُ الإبِلِ؟ قال: مِائَةٌ مِنَ الأصنافِ كُلِّها، ويُؤخَذُ فى مُضِىِّ كُلِّ سنةٍ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ وثُلُثُ خَلِفَةٍ، وعَشرُ جِذاعٍ، وعَشرُ حِقاقٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والتَّغليظُ كما قال عَطاءٌ، يُؤخَذُ فى مُضِىِّ كُلِّ سنةٍ ثلاثَ عَشرَةَ خَلِفَةً وثُلُثٌ، وعَشرُ حِقاقٍ، وعَشرُ جِذاعٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3472>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَغليظِ الدّيَةِ فى قَتلِ الخَطأِ فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ والبَلَدِ الحَرامِ وقَتلِ ذِى الرَّحِمِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى نَجيحٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبى، أن امرأةً مَولاةً لِلعَبَلاتِ (^٢) وطِئَها رَجُلٌ فقَتَلَها وهِىَ فى الحَرَمِ، فجَعَلَ لها عثمانُ -﵁- ديَةً وثُلُثًا.\n\n١٦٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا أوطأ امرأةً بمَكَّةَ فى ذِى القَعدَةِ فقَتَلَها، فقَضَى فيها عثمانُ -﵁- بديَةٍ وثُلُثٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٦/ ١١٣.\n(^٢) العبلات: نسبةً إلى عَبْلة بنت عبيد بن حافل، وهى أم أمية الأصغر بن عبد شمس، وإليها يُنسب ولدها، فيقال لهم: العبلات. ينظر الأنساب للسمعانى ٤/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٨٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٠٦٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"16","page":296},{"text":"١٦٢٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى فيمَن قَتَلَ فى الحَرَمِ، أو فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، أو هو مُحْرِمٌ، بالدّيَةِ وثُلُثِ الدّيَةِ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يُزادُ فى ديَةِ المَقتولِ فى أشهُرِ الحَرامِ أربَعَةُ آلافٍ، وفِى ديَةِ المَقتولِ فى الحَرَمِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا فى هذا البابِ عن إسحاقَ بنِ يَحيَى عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ فى قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى الدّيَةِ بمائَةٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ. فذَكَرَها وذَكَرَ تَقويمَ عُمَرَ -﵁- الدّيَةَ باثنَىْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، قال: ويُزادُ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ. وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فى بابِ إعوازِ الإبِلِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ فى الَّذِى يقْتَلُ فى الحَرَمِ قال: ديَتُه وثُلُثُ ديَةٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٠٥٨)، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٧٨) من طريق نافع بن جبير به.\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٦٢٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٩٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٠٦١) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"16","page":297},{"text":"١٦٢٢٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ فى قَتيلِ الحَرَمِ والمُحْرِمِ: ديَةٌ وثُلُثُ ديَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِى مُسلِمُ بنُ يَزيدَ أحَدُ بَنِى سَعدِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ قَيسٍ، أنَّه أخبَرَه أبو شُرَيحِ ابنُ عمرٍو الخُزاعِىُّ وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أن أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَتَلوا رَجُلًا مِن هُذَيلٍ كانوا يَطلُبونَه بذَحلِ (^٢) الجاهِليَّةِ فى الحَرَمِ، يَؤُمُّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ليُبايِعَه على الإِسلامِ فقَتَلوه، فلَمّا بَلَغَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَتلُه غَضِبَ أشَدَّ غَضَبٍ، فسَعَت بَنو بكرٍ إلَى أبى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- وأصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَستَشفِعونَ بهِم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا كان العَشِىُّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى النّاسِ فأثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ ولَم يُحَرِّمْها النّاسُ، وإِنَّما أحَلَّها لِى ساعَةً مِنَ النَّهارِ، ثُمَّ هِىَ حَرامٌ كما حَرَّمَها اللهُ أوَّلَ مَرَّة، وإِنَّ أعتَى النّاسِ على اللَّهِ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ رَجُلٌ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٩٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٠٦١).\n(^٢) الذَّحْل: الثأر، أو طلب مكافأة بجناية جُنيت عليك أو عداوة أُتيت إليك، أو هو العداوة والحقد. تاج العروس ٢٩/ ١١ (ذ ح ل).","vol":"16","page":298},{"text":"قَتَلَ فيها، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، ورَجُلٌ طَلَبَ بذَحلِ الجاهِليَّةِ، وإِنِّى واللَّهِ لأدِيَنَّ هذا الرَّجُلَ الَّذِى أصَبتُم\". قال أبو شُرَيحٍ: فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3473>بابُ أسنانِ ديَةِ العَمدِ إذا زالَ فيه القِصاصُ، وأنَّها حالَّةٌ فى مالِ القاتِلِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قَتَلَ عَمدًا دُفِعَ إلَى ولِىِّ المَقتولِ، فإِن شاءَ قَتَلَه، وإِن شاءَ أخَذَ الدّيَةَ؛ وهِىَ ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعونَ خَلِفَةً، وذَلِكَ عَقلُ العَمدِ، وما صولحوا عَلَيه فهو لهم، وذَلِكَ تَشديدُ العَقلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الصَّقرِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن قَتادَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ كانَت له أمَةٌ تَرعَى غَنَمَه، فبَعَثَها يَومًا تَرعاها، فقالَ له ابنُه مِنها: حَتَّى مَتَى تَستأمِى أُمِّى (^٣)؟ واللَّهِ لا تَستأميها أكثَرَ ممّا استأمَيتَها. فأصابَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"من عنده\".\nوالحديث عند يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩٧، ٣٩٨. وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٧٧ عن أبى صالح بالمرفوع فقط.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٦١٣٦، ١٦٢١٧).\n(^٣) تستأمى أمى: أى تتخذها أمةً. ينظر التاج ٣٧/ ١٠٢ (أ م و).","vol":"16","page":299},{"text":"عُرقوبَه فطُعِنَ فى خاصِرَتِه فماتَ. قال: فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ سُراقَةُ بنُ مالكِ بنِ جُعشُمٍ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقالَ له: وأْتِنى مِن قابِلٍ ومَعَكَ أربَعونَ -أو قال: عِشرونَ- ومِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ. قال: ففَعَلَ، فأخَذَ عُمَرُ -﵁- مِنها ثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثينَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعينَ ما بَينَ ثَنيَّةٍ إلَى بازِلِ عامِها، كُلُّها خَلِفَةٌ، فأعطاها إخوَتَه، ولَم يوَرِّثْ مِنها أباه شَيئًا، وقالَ: لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يُقادُ والِدٌ بوَلَدٍ\". لَقَتَلتُكَ. أو: لَضرَبتُ عُنُقَكَ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِى مُدلِجٍ يُقالُ له قَتادَةُ حَذَفَ ابنَه بسَيفٍ، فأصابَ ساقَه فنُزِىَ فى جُرحِه فماتَ، فقَدِمَ سُراقَةُ بنُ جُعشُمٍ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: اعدُدْ لِى على قُدَيدٍ عِشرينَ ومِائَةَ بَعيرٍ حَتَّى أقدَمَ عَلَيكَ. فلَمّا قَدِمَ عَلَيه عُمَرُ -﵁- أخَذَ مِن تِلكَ الإبِلِ ثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثينَ جَذَعَةً، وأربَعينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمَّ قال: أينَ أخو المَقتولِ؟ فقالَ: هأنا ذا. فقالَ: خُذْها ديَةً، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِلٍ شَئٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٥٠) عن عباد به. وعبد بن حميد (٤١)، والترمذى (١٤٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٦٢) من طريق الحجاج به، كلهم بذكر المرفوع دون القصة. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح الترمذى (١١٢٩).\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٥/ ٧ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٨٦٧، =","vol":"16","page":300},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3474>جماعُ أبوابِ أسنانِ إبِلِ الخَطأِ وِتَقويمِها وديَاتِ النُّفوسِ والجِراحِ وغيِرها</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3475>بابُ ديَةِ النَّفسِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢].\n\n١٦٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهرانِىُّ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، أن الحارِثَ بنَ زَيدٍ كان شَديدًا على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فجاءَ إلَى الإِسلامِ وعَيّاشٌ لا يَشعُرُ، فلَقِيَه عَيّاشُ بنُ أبى رَبيعَةَ فحَمَلَ عَلَيه فقَتَلَه، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً﴾ الآيَةَ (^١) [النساء: ٩٢].\nوقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مَوصولًا.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فأحكَمَ اللهُ فى تَنزيلِ كِتابِه أنَّ على قاتِلِ المؤمِنِ ديَةً مَسَلَّمَةً إلَى أهلِه، وأبانَ على لِسانِ نَبيِّه -ﷺ- كَمِ الدّيَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n= وتقدم فى (١٢٣٦٨، ١٦٠٥٧)، وسيأتى فى (١٦٥٦٥).\n(^١) أخرجه البلاذرى فى أنساب الأشراف ١/ ٢٣٩، ١٠/ ١٩٨ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٠٥.","vol":"16","page":301},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ جَوشَنٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ أوسٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ يَومَ الفَتحِ فقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وحدَه، صَدَقَ وعدَه، ونَصَرَ عبدَه، وهَزَمَ الأحزابَ وحدَه، ألا إنَّ كُلَّ مأثَرَةٍ كانَت فى الجاهِليَّةِ تُعَدُّ وتُدَّعَى، وكُلَّ دَمٍ أو دَعوَى فهو مَوضوعٌ تَحتَ قَدَمَىَّ هاتَينِ، إلَّا سِدانَةَ البَيتِ وسِقايَةَ الحاجِّ، ألا وإِنَّ قَتيلَ الخَطأِ العَمدِ بالسَّوطِ أوِ العَصا أوِ الحَجَرِ ديَةٌ مُغَلَّظَةٌ؛ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، مِنها أربَعونَ فى بُطونِها أولادُها\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، بنَحوٍ مِن قَولِ خالِدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، مِنها أربَعونَ فى بُطونِها أولادُها، فمَن زادَ بَعيرًا فهو مِن أهلِ الجنَّةِ\" (^٢). قَضَرَ بإِسنادِه حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ.\nوقَد رُوّيناه عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ ووُهَيبٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ أوسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٨٨)، والنسائى (٤٨٠٨) من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم فى (١٦٠٩٢، ١٦٢١٠). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٤٦٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٤٨١٤) من طريق هشيم به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح النسائى (٤٤٦٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٦٠٩٣، ١٦٢٠٨) من طريق حماد، وعقب (١٦٠٩٣) من طريق وهيب.","vol":"16","page":302},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى بكرٍ أخبَرَه أن أباه أخبَرَه عن الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"فى النَّفسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ فى الدّيَاتِ فى كِتابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِى النَّفسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ: أفِى شَكٍّ أنتُم مِن أنَّه كِتابُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: لا (^٢). وقَد رُوِىَ هذا مَوصولًا:\n\n١٦٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسننُ والدّيَاتُ وبَعَمثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه: \"وإنَّ فى النَّفسِ الدّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٨١)، وابن وهب (٥١٠)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٦/ ٧٥، والنسائى (٤٨٧٢). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف النسائى (٣٤٣).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٨٢)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٠٥.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"16","page":303},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ وعَبدِ اللهِ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵃- أنَّهُم قالوا فى الدّيَةِ: مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3476>بابُ أسنانِ الإبِلِ فى الخَطأِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ الأنصارِىِّ، زَعَمَ أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له سهلُ بنُ أبى حَثْمَةَ أَخبرَ أن نَفَرًا مِن قَومِه انطَلَقوا إلَى خَيبَرَ فتَفَرَّقوا فيها، فوَجَدوا أحَدَهُم قَتيلًا، فذَكَرَ حَديثَ القَسامَةِ، قالى فيه: كَرِهَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُبطِلَ دَمَه فوَداه بمائَةٍ مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ عبيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ ورَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وبَلَغَه عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّهم كانوا يَقولونَ: ديَةُ الخَطأِ عِشرونَ ابنَةَ مَخاضٍ، وعِشرونَ ابنَةَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦٢١١ - ١٦٢١٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٦٦)، والمعرفة (٤٩٧٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٢٧٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٢٣)، والنسائى (٤٧٣٣) من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٨٩٨)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٥).","vol":"16","page":304},{"text":"لَبونٍ، وعِشرونَ ابنَ لَبونٍ ذَكَرًا، وعِشرونَ حِقَّةً، وعِشرونَ جَذَعَهً (^١).\n\n١٦٢٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهب، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ يقولُ: أسنانُ الإبِلِ فى الدّيَةِ خُمسٌ بَناتُ لَبونٍ، وخُمسٌ بَناتُ مَخاضٍ، وخُمسٌ حِقاقٌ، وخُمسٌ جِذاعٌ، وخَمسٌ بَنو لَبونٍ ذُكورٌ. وقالَ سُلَيمانُ: ما أُصيبَ به مِنَ الجُروحِ فهو بحِسابِ أسنانِ الدّيَةِ. قال بُكَيرٌ: وقالَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ قُسَيطٍ: أسنانُ الدّيَةِ خَمسٌ كما قال سُلَيمانُ إذا كان خَطأً (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ أن أباه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم؛ مِنهُم سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ والقاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وخارِجَةُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِاللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ فى مَشيَخَةٍ جِلَّةٍ سِواهُم مِن نُظَرائهِم، ورُبَّما اختَلَفوا فى الشَّئِ فأخَذنا بقَولِ أكثَرِهِم وأفضَلِهِم رأيًا. قال: وكانوا يَقولونَ: العَقلُ فى الخَطأِ خَمسَةُ أخماسٍ؛ فخُمسٌ جِذاعٌ، وخُمسٌ حِقاقٌ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٨٤)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٥٢، والشافعى ٦/ ١١٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٢٩٩، ٣٠٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"16","page":305},{"text":"وخُمسٌ بَناتُ لَبونٍ، وخُمسٌ بَناتُ مَخاضٍ، وخُمسٌ بَنو لَبونٍ ذُكورٌ، والسِّنُّ فى كُلِّ جُرحٍ قَلَّ أو كَثُرَ خَمسَةُ أخماسٍ على هذه الصِّفَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3477>بابُ مَن قال: هِىَ أرباعٌ على اختِلافٍ بَينَهُم فى الأوصافِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: فى الخَطأِ أرباعًا؛ خَمسٌ وعِشرونَ حِقَّةً، وخَمسٌ وعِشرونَ جَذَعَةً، وخَمسٌ وعِشرونَ بَناتِ لَبونٍ، وخَمسٌ وعِشرونَ بَناتِ مَخاضٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: الدّيَةُ فى الخَطأِ أرباعًا. فذَكَرَها بنَحوِهِ.\n\n١٦٢٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعن عبدِ رَبِّه، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٦٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٥٥٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٦٦) من طريق سفيان به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٩٠).","vol":"16","page":306},{"text":"أبى عياضٍ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وزَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵄- قالا: ديَةُ الخَطأِ ثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وثَلاثونَ بَناتِ (^١) لَبونٍ، وعِشرونَ بَناتِ (^١) مَخاضٍ، وعِشرونَ بَنى (^٢) لَبونٍ ذُكورٌ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى هذا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ، وآخَرُ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِه:\n\n١٦٢٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى فى الدّيَةِ الكُبرَى المُغَلَّظَةِ بثَلاثينَ ابنَةَ لَبونٍ، وثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً، وأربَعينَ خَلِفَةً، وقَضَى فى الدّيَةِ الصُّغرَى بثَلاثينَ بنتَ لَبونٍ، وثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً، وعِشرينَ بنتَ مَخاضٍ، وعِشرينَ بَنِى مَخاضٍ ذُكورٍ (^٤). إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى لَم يُدرِكْ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصّامِتِ؛ فهو مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٦٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ضبطها فى الأصل بالرفع والخفض جميعا.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"بنو\".\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٦٨) وابن جرير ٧/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق سعيد ابن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد (٢٢٧٧٨) من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به. وسيأتى فى (١٦٢٥٦).","vol":"16","page":307},{"text":"موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ خطأً فديَتُه مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ؛ ثَلاثونَ بَناتِ مَخاضٍ، وثَلاثونَ بَناتِ لَبونٍ، وثَلاثونَ حِقَّةً، وعَشرٌ بَنو لَبونٍ\" (^١). قال علىٌّ: محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ ضَعيفٌ عِندَ أهلِ الحَديثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3478>بابُ مَن قال: هِىَ أخماسٌ. وجَعَلَ أحَدَ أخماسِها بَنِى المخاضِ دونَ بَنِى اللَّبونِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّه قال: فى الخَطأَ أخماسًا؛ عِشرونَ حِقَّةً، وعِشرونَ جَذَعَةً، وعِشرونَ بَناتِ لَبونٍ، وعِشرونَ بَناتِ مَخاضٍ، وعِشرونَ بَنِى مَخاضٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ روَاه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ فى كِتابِه المُصَنَّفِ فى الدّيَاتِ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤). وعن سُفيانَ عن أبى إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٦٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٤١)، والنسائى (٤٨١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٠) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٠٥).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٦. ومحمد بن راشد تقدم فى (١٥٥٢٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٧٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٦٥)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤ من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"16","page":308},{"text":"عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ (^١).\nوكذلك روَاه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ عن الثَّورِىِّ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ اللهِ -﵁-.\n\n١٦٢٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى مجلَزٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ فى ديَةِ الخَطأَ: أخماسٌ؛ خُمسٌ بَنو مَخاضٍ، وخُمسٌ بَناتُ مَخاضٍ، وخُمسٌ بَناتُ لَبونٍ، وخُمسٌ حِقاقٌ، وخُمسٌ جِذاعٌ (^٢).\nهذا هو المَعروفُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ بهَذِه الأسانيدِ، وقَد رَوَى بَعضُ حُفّاظِنا وهو الشيخُ أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ هذه الأسانيدَ عن عبدِ اللهِ، وجَعَلَ مَكانَ بَنِى المَخاضِ بَنِى اللَّبونِ، وهو غَلَطٌ مِنه، وقَد رأيتُه أيضًا فى كِتابِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ -وهو إمامٌ- فى رِوايَةِ وكيعٍ عن سُفيانَ بإِسنادَيه كَذَلِكَ: بَنِى لَبونٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن أبى مجلَزٍ عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ كَذَلِكَ: بَنِى لَبونٍ (^٣)، ورَواه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى يَعنِى ابنَ أبى زائدَةَ عن أبيه وغَيرِه عن أبى إسحاقَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ: بَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧١٦٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٢ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٧٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٢ من طريق سليمان التيمى به. وحسن إسناده ابن حجر فى التلخيص ٤/ ٢١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٢ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة عن قتادة به.","vol":"16","page":309},{"text":"مَخاضٍ. فإِن كان ما روَياه مَحفوظًا فهو الذِى نَميلُ إلَيه، وصارَتِ الرِّواياتُ فيه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُتَعارِضَةً، ومَذهَبُ عبدِ اللهِ مَشهورٌ فى بَنِى المَخاضِ، وقَدِ اختارَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ المُنذِرِ فى هذا مَذهَبَه؛ واحتَجَّ بأنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀ إنَّما صارَ إلَى قَولِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ فى ديَةِ الخَطأِ؛ لأنّ النّاسَ قَدِ اختَلَفوا فيها، والسُّنَّةُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ورَدَت مُطلَقَةً بمائَةٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ غَيرَ مُفَسَّرَةٍ، واسمُ الإبِلِ يَتَناوَلُ الصِّغارَ والكِبارَ؛ فألزَمَ القاتِلَ أقَلَّ ما قالوا أنَّه يَلزَمُه، فكانَ عِندَه قَولُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ أقَلَّ ما قيلَ فيها، وكأنَّه لَم يَبلغْه قَولُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، فوَجَدنا قَولَ عبدِ اللهِ أقَلَّ ما قيلَ فيها؛ لأنَّ بَنِى المَخاضِ أقَلُّ مِن بَنى اللَّبونِ، واسمُ الإبِلِ يَتَناوَلُه، فكانَ هو الواجِبَ دونَ ما زادَ عَلَيه، وهو قَولُ صَحابِىٍّ؛ فهو أولَى مِن غَيرِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعًا ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه:\n\n١٦٢٤٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ محمدُ بنُ خازِمٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن خِشفِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَعَلَ الدّيَةَ فى الخَطأَ أخماسًا (^١). لَم يَزِدْ على هَذا.\n\n١٦٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٧٩)، وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٣٥)، والدارمى (٢٤١٢) من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"16","page":310},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن خِشفِ بنِ مالكٍ الطّائىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى ديَةِ الخَطأِ: \"عِشرونَ حِقَّةً، وعِشرونَ جَذَعَةً، وعِشرونَ ابنَةَ مَخاضٍ، وعِشرونَ ابنَةَ لَبونٍ، وعِشرونَ ابنَ مَخاضٍ ذكرٌ\" (^١). قال أبو داودَ: وهو قَولُ عبدِ اللهِ (^٢). يَعنِى إنَّما رُوِىَ مِن قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ مَوقوفًا غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ فى تَعليلِ هذا الحَديثِ (^٣): لا نَعلَمُ روَاه إلَّا خِشفُ بنُ مالكٍ، وهو رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ لَم يَروِ عنه إلَّا زَيدُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ حَرمَلٍ الجُشَمِىُّ، ولا نَعلَمُ أحَدًا روَاه عن زَيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ إلَّا حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، والحَجّاجُ فرَجُلٌ مَشهورٌ بالتَّدليسِ، وبأنَّه يُحَدِّثُ عَمَّن لَم يَلقَه ولَم يَسمَعْ مِنه. قال: ورَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الثِّقاتِ عن الحَجّاجِ فاختَلَفوا عَلَيه فيه؛ فرَواه عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ على اللَّفظِ الذِى ذَكَرنا عنه، وروَاه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ عن الحَجّاجِ فجَعَلَ مَكانَ الحِقاقِ بَنِى اللَّبونِ، وروَاه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ عن الحَجّاجِ فجَعَلَ مَكانَ بَنِى المَخاضِ بَنِى اللَّبونِ، وروَاه أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ وحَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن الحَجّاجِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٨٠)، وأبو داود (٤٥٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٣٠٣)، والترمذى (١٣٨٦)، والنسائى (٤٨١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣١) من طريق الحجاج به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٩٨٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٤٥٤٥).\n(^٣) ينظر العلل للدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٤ - ١٧٦.","vol":"16","page":311},{"text":"بهَذا الإِسنادِ قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ديَةَ الخَطأِ أخماسًا. لَم يَزيدوا على هذا ولَم يَذكُروا فيه تَفسيرَ الأخماسِ، فيُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ الحَجّاجُ رُبَّما كان يُفَسِّرُ الأخماسَ برأيِه بعدَ فراغِه مِنَ الحَديثِ، فيَتَوَهَّمُ السّامِعُ أن ذَلِكَ فى الحَديثِ ولَيس كَذَلِكَ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وكَيفَما كان فالحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به، وخِشفُ بنُ مالكٍ مَجهولٌ (^١)، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه مَوقوفٌ على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، والصَّحيحُ عن عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه جَعَلَ أحَدَ أخماسِها بَنِى المَخاضِ فى الأسانيدِ التى تَقَدَّم ذِكرُها، لا كما تَوَهَّمَه شَيخُنا أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ رَحِمَنا اللهُ وإيّاه، وقَدِ اعتَذَرَ مَن رَغِبَ عن قَولِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- فى هذا بشَيئَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما، ضَعفُ رِوايَةِ خِشفِ بنِ مالكٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ بما ذَكَرنا، وانقِطاعُ رِوايَةِ مَن روَاه عنه مَوقوفًا؛ فإِنَّه إنَّما روَاه إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ، وأبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ عن أبيه، وأبو إسحاقَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ، ورِوايَةُ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ اللهِ مُنقَطِعَةٌ لا شَكَّ فيها، ورِوايَةُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ عن أبيه؛ لأنَّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ لَم يُدرِكْ أباه، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ أبى إسحاقَ السَّبيعِىِّ عن عَلقَمَةَ مُنقَطِعَةٌ؛ لأنَّ أبا إسحاقَ رأى عَلقَمَةَ لَكِن لَم يَسمَعْ مِنه شَيئًا: أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ وهو أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم الكلام على الحجاج بن أرطاة عقب (٣٢). وينظر الكلام على خشف بن مالك فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٢٦، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٠١، وثقات ابن حبان ٤/ ٢١٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ١٦٩، وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٢٣: وثقه النسائى.","vol":"16","page":312},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سألتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ: هَل تَذكُرُ مِن عبدِ اللهِ شَيئًا؟ قال: ما أذكُرُ مِنه شَيئًا (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عَروبَةَ ويَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ قالا: حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ أبى إسحاقَ فقالَ رَجُلٌ لأبِى إسحاقَ: إنَّ شُعبَةَ يقولُ: إنَّكَ لَم تَسمَعْ مِن عَلقَمَةَ شَيئًا. فقالَ: صَدَقَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: أبو إسحاقَ قَد رأى علقمةَ ولَم يَسمَعْ مِنه (^٣).\nوالآخَرُ، حَديثُ سَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثمَةَ فى الذِى ودَاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال فيه: بمائَةٍ مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^٤). وبَنو المَخاضِ لا مَدخَلَ لها فى أصلِ الصَّدَقاتِ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ. وحَديثُ القَسامَةِ وإِن كان فى قَتلِ العَمدِ ونَحنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ فى قَتلِ الخَطأِ، فحينَ لَم يَثبُتْ ذَلِكَ القَتلُ على أحَدٍ مِنهُم بعَينِه ودَاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بديَةِ الخَطأِ مُتَبَرِّعًا بذَلِكَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ، والَّذِى يَدُلُّ عَلَيه أنَّه قال: مِن إبِلِ الصَّدقةِ. ولا مَدخَلَ لِلخَلِفاتِ التى تَجِبُ فى ديَةِ العَمدِ فى أصلِ الصَّدَقاتِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٧٧). وابن أبى حاتم فى المراسيل ص ٢٥٦ (٩٥٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٧٦). والكامل لابن عدى ١/ ٨٦، والمراسيل لابن أبى حاتم ص ١٤٥ (٥٢٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٧٨)، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ٣٤٩ (١٦٩٠).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٦٢٣٦).","vol":"16","page":313},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3479>بابُ إعوازِ الإبِلِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ وعن مَكحولٍ وعَطاءٍ قالوا: أدرَكنا النّاسَ على أن ديَةَ المُسلِمِ الحُرِّ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- تِلكَ الدّيَةَ على القُرَى ألفَ دينارٍ أوِ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ فى رِوايَتِه قال: فإِن كان الذِى أصابَه مِنَ الأعرابِ فديَتُه مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، لا يُكَلَّفُ الأعرابِىُّ الذَّهَبَ ولا الوَرِقَ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُقِيمُ الإِبِلَ على أهلِ القُرَى أربَعَمِائَةِ دينارٍ أو عِدلَها مِنَ الوَرِقِ ويُقَسِّمُها على أثمانِ الإبِلِ، فإِذا غَلَت رَفَعَ فى قيمَتِها، وإِذا هانَت نَقَصَ مِن ثَمَنِها، على أهلِ القُرَى الثَّمَنُ ما كانَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِم، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٨٣)، وفى المعرفة (٤٩١٩)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦. وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٥٣٧) من طريق ابى العباس به. وسيأتى فى (١٦٣٨٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٩١). والشافعى ٦/ ١١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٧٠) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"16","page":314},{"text":"قال: قَضَى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- على أهلِ القُرَى حينَ كَثُرَ المالُ وغَلَتِ الإِبِلُ، فأقامَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ بسِتِّمائَةِ دينارٍ إلَى ثَمانِمائَةِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ: على النّاسِ أجمَعينَ أهلِ القُرَى وأهلِ الباديَةِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ على الأعرابِىِّ والقَرَوِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: الدّيَةُ الماشيَةُ أوِ الذَّهَبُ؟ قال: كانَتِ الإِبِلَ حَتَّى كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقَوَّمَ الإِبِلَ عِشرينَ ومِائَةً كُلَّ بَعيرٍ، فإِن شاءَ القَرَوِىُّ أعطَى مِائَةَ ناقَةٍ ولَم يُعطِ ذَهَبًا، كَذَلِكَ الأمرُ الأوَّلُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُقَوِّمُ ديَةَ الخَطأِ على أهلِ القُرَى أربَعَمائَةِ دينارٍ أو عَدْلَها مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٩٢)، والشافعى ٦/ ١١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٧٠) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٩٣)، والشافعى ٦/ ١١٥.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤٨٩٤)، والشافعى ٦/ ١١٥.","vol":"16","page":315},{"text":"الوَرِقِ، ويُقَوِّمُها على أثمانِ (^١) الإبِلِ، فإِذا غَلَت رَفَعَ فى قيمَتِها، وإِذا [هاجت رُخْصًا] (^٢) نَقَصَ مِن قيمَتِها، وبَلَغَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما بَينَ أربَعِمِائَةٍ إلَى ثَمانِمائَةِ دينارٍ، أو عَدْلَها مِنَ الوَرِقِ ثَمانيَةَ آلافٍ، وقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على أهلِ البَقَرِ مِائَتَى بَقَرَةٍ، ومَن كان ديَةُ عَقلِه فى شاءٍ فألفا شاةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كانَت قيمَةُ الدّيَةِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثَمانِمائَةِ دينارٍ بثَمانيَةِ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، وديَةُ أهلِ الكِتابِ يَومَئذٍ النِّصفُ مِن ديَةِ المُسلِمينَ. قال: فكانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، فقامَ خَطيبًا فقالَ: إنَّ الإبِلَ قَد غَلَت. قال: ففَرَضَها (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) فى ص ٧: \"أهل\". وهو كذلك عد النسائى.\n(^٢) فى س، ص ٨: \"هانت\"، وفى م: \"هاجت\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"ولعله: وإذا كان رُخْص\". وذكره ابن الأثير فى النهاية ٥/ ٢٨٦ هكذا: وإذا هاجت الإبل رخصت ونقصت قيمتها. ثم قال: هاج الفحل. إذا طلب الضراب، وذلك مما يهزله فيقل ثمنه. وقال فى عون المعبود ٤/ ٣١٣: (وإذا هاجت) من هاج إذا ثار، أى ظهرت قيمتها. (رُخْصًا) بضم فسكون، ضد الغلاء حال، والمعنى: إذا رخصت.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٠٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٦٤) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٧٠٩٠)، والنسائى (٤٨١٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٠) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وسيأتى فى (١٦٣١٨). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٨١٨).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"فقومها\".","vol":"16","page":316},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁- على أهلِ الذَّهَبِ ألفَ دينارٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الوَرِقِ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا، وعَلَى أهلِ البَقَرِ مِائَتَى بَقَرَةٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الشّاءِ ألفَى شاةٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الحُلَلِ مِائَتَى حُلَّةٍ. قال: وتَرَكَ ديَةَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَم يَرفعْها فيما رَفَعَ مِنَ الدّيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى في الدّيَةِ الكُبرَى. فذَكَرَها وذَكَرَ الدّيَةَ الصُّغرَى ثُمَّ قال: ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ بعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهانَتِ الدَّراهِمُ، فقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إبِلَ الدّيَةِ سِتَّةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ حِسابَ أوقيَّةٍ ونِصفٍ لِكُلِّ بَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ وهانَتِ الدَّراهِمُ، فزادَ عُمَرُ -﵁- ألفَينِ حِسابَ أوقيَّتَينِ لِكُلِّ بَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ وهانَتِ الدَّراهِمُ، فأقامَها عُمَرُ -﵁- اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ حِسابَ ثَلاثَةِ أواقٍ بكُلِّ بَعيرٍ، ويُزادُ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، وثُلُثٌ آخَرُ لِلبلدِ الحَرامِ. قال: فتَمَّت ديَةُ الحرمَينِ عِشرينَ ألفًا. قال: وكانَ يُقالُ: يُؤخَذُ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ مِن ماشيتِهم لا يُكَلَّفونَ الوَرِقَ ولا الذَّهَبَ، ويُؤخَذُ مِن كلِّ قَومٍ مِن مالِهِم قيمَةُ العَدْلِ في أموالِهِم (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٨٥)، والمعرفة (٤٨٩٩)، وأبو داود (٤٥٤٢)، وسيأتي في (١٦٤٢٩). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٠٦).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٢٤٣).","vol":"16","page":317},{"text":"١٦٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: كانَتِ الدّيَةُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِائَةَ بَعيرٍ، لِكُل بَعيرٍ أوقيَّةٌ، فذَلِكَ أربَعَةُ آلافٍ، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ -﵁- غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ ورَخُصَتِ الوَرِقُ؛ فجَعَلَها عُمَرُ -﵁- أوقيَّتَينِ أوقيَّتَينِ، فذَلِكَ ثَمانيَةُ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، ثُمَّ لَم تَزَلِ الإِبِلُ تَغلو ويَرخُصُ الوَرِقُ حَتَّى جَعَلَها عُمَرُ -﵁- اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا مِنَ الوَرِقِ أو ألفَ دينارٍ، ومِنَ البَقَرِ مِائَتَى بَقَرَةٍ، ومِنَ الشّاءِ ألفَى شاةٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: كانَت قيمَةُ ذَلِكَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أربَعَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ أُوقيَّةٌ لِكُلِّ بَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ قَوَّمَها عُمَرُ -﵁- في خِلافَتِه حينَ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ سِتَّةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، وَقيةٌ (^٢) ونِصفٌ لِكُلِّ بَعيرٍ، ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ فقَوَّمَها عُمَرُ -﵁- وَقيَّتَينِ (^٣) لِكُلِّ بَعيرٍ ثَمانيَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الإِبِلُ فقَوَّمَها عُمَرُ -﵁- ثَلاثَةَ أواقٍ لِكُل بَعيرٍ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. قال ابنُ شِهابِ: وقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- الدّيَةَ في الذَّهَبِ ألفَ دينارٍ، وأقَرَّها عنه الأَئمَّةُ بعدَ عُمَرَ -﵁- على ذَلِكَ؛ الذَّهَبَ والوَرِقَ على أهلِ القُرَى، وعَلَى أهلِ الإبِلِ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٧٢٥٥).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أوقية\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أوقيتين\".","vol":"16","page":318},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ: الدّيَةُ لا تُقَوَّمُ إلَّا بالدَّنانيرِ والدَّراهِمِ كما لا يُقَوَّمُ غَيرُها إلَّا بها.\nقال الشيخُ: والذِى رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما قَوَّمَها بغَيرِ الدَّراهِمِ والدَّنانيِر برِضًا مِنَ الجانِى ووَلِيِّ الجِنايَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوعَلَى مِثلِ هذا يُحمَلُ ما في الحَديثِ الذِي:\n\n١٦٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى في الدّيَةِ على أهلِ الإبِلِ مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ، وعَلَى أهلِ البَقَرِ مِائَتَى بَقَرَةٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الشّاءِ ألفَى شاةٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الحُلَلِ مِائَتَى حُلَّةٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ القَمحِ شَيئًا لَم يَحفَظْه محمدٌ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو على، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قَرأتُ على سعيدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ الطّالَقانِيِّ، حدثنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: ذَكَرَ عَطاءٌ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: فرَضَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ مِثلَ حَديثِ موسَى فقالَ: على أهلِ الطَّعامِ شَيئًا لا أحفَظُه (^٢).\nكَذا روَاه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، ورِوايَةُ مَن روَاه عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أكثَرُ وأشهَرُ واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٤٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٨٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٥٤٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٨٣).","vol":"16","page":319},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3480>بابُ تَقديرِ البَدَلِ باثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ أو بألفِ دينارٍ على قَولِ مَن جَعَلَهُما أصلَيِن</span>\n\n١٦٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِاللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مسلمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ديَتَه اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا، وذَلِكَ قَولُه: ﴿وَمَا نَقَمُوا﴾ الآيَةَ (^١) [التوبة: ٧٤].\n\n١٦٢٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَيمونٍ الخَيّاطُ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى باثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا في الدّيَةِ. قالَ محمدُ بنُ مَيمونٍ: وإِنَّما قال لَنا فيه: عن ابنِ عباسٍ. مَرَّةً واحِدَةً، وأكثَرَ ذَلِكَ كان يقولُ: عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٨٧). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٣٨٨)، والنسائي (٤٨١٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٢٩) من طريق معاذ بن هانئ به. وأبو داود (٤٥٤٦) من طريق محمد بن مسلم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٨٤).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٣٠. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨١٨) عن محمد بن ميمون به. والترمذي (١٣٨٩) من طريق سفيان به مرسلًا. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٣٤).","vol":"16","page":320},{"text":"العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في الكِتابِ الذِى كَتَبَه في الدّيَاتِ: \"وعَلَى أهلِ الذَّهَبِ ألفُ دينارٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ خَلَفٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ، ويَزيدَ الرَّقاشِيِّ عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لأن أجلِسَ مَعَ قَومٍ يَذكُرونَ اللَّهَ مِن صَلاةِ الغَداةِ إلَى أن تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِمّا طَلَعَت عَلَيه الشَّمسُ، ولأن أجلِسَ مَعَ قَومٍ يَذكُرونَ اللَّهَ مِن صَلاةِ العَصرِ إلَى صَلاةِ المغرِبِ، أحَبُّ إليَّ مِن أن أُعِتقَ ثَمانيَةً مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ ديَةُ كُلِّ وَجُل مِنهُمُ اثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن عَليًّا -﵁- قَضَى بالدّيَةِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٦٢). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٩٠٧، ٣٩٠٨) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به. وأبو داود (٣٦٦٧) من طريق موسى بن خلف عن قتادة به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٦٠٥٤) من طريق آخر عن يزيد الرقاشي. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧.","vol":"16","page":321},{"text":"١٦٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ مسلمٍ الطّائفِيُّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، أن عائشَةَ -﵂- بَينَما هِىَ مَرَّةً تُصَلِّى إذا بحَيَّةٍ قَريبَةٍ مِنها فأمَرَت بها فقُتِلَت، فأُتيَت في مَنامِها: أقَتَلتِ رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا جاءَ يَسمَعُ القُرآنَ؟ فَدِيهِ. قال: فأخرَجَت ديَتَه؟ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفًا (^١).\nورُوّينا عن أبي هريرةَ ما دَلَّ على أن الدّيَةَ اثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا وهو فيما:\n\n١٦٢٦٧ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافِظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى القَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: إنِّي لأُسَبِّحُ كُلَّ يَومٍ قَدرَ ديَتِي؛ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3481>بابُ ما رُوِىَ فيه عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- سِوَى ما مَضَى</span>\n\n١٦٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، أن يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَهُم، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: إنِّي لَخائفٌ أن يأتِيَ مِن بَعدِى مَن يُهلِكُ ديَةَ المَرءِ المُسلِمِ؛ فلأقولَنَّ فيها قَولًا: على اْهلِ الإبِلِ مِائَةَ بَعيرٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الذَّهَبِ ألفَ دينارٍ، وعَلَى\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٦٩: منقطع. اهـ. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٠٣٢) -ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٦/ ٣٦٨ - من طريق عائشة بنت طلحة عن عائشة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٤٨) من طريق خالد به.","vol":"16","page":322},{"text":"أهلِ الوَرِقِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ وابنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَوَّمَ الدّيَةَ ألفَ دينارٍ أوِ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ.\n\n١٦٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ: بَلَغَنا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه فرَضَ على أهلِ الذَّهَبِ ألفَ دينارٍ في الدّيَةِ، وعَلَى أهلِ الوَرِقِ عَشرَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ. حدثنا بذَلِكَ أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن الهَيثَمِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-. وقالَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ: إنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فرَضَ الدّيَةَ على أهلِ الوَرِقِ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. قال محمدٌ: قَد صَدَقَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ، إن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فرَضَ الدّيَةَ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، ولَكِنَّه فرَضَها اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ وزنَ سِتَّةٍ.\nقال محمدٌ: أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن مُغيرَةَ الضَّبِّىِّ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كانَتِ الدّيَةُ الإِبِلَ، فجُعِلَتِ الإِبِلُ؛ الصَّغيرُ والكَبيرُ كُلُّ بَعيرٍ مِائَةً وعِشرينَ دِرهَمًا وزنَ سِتَّةٍ، فذَلِكَ عَشرَةُ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ. قال: وقيلَ لِشَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ: إنَّ رَجُلًا، مِنَ المُسلِمينَ عانَقَ رَجُلًا مِنَ العَدوِّ فضرَبَه فأصابَ رَجُلًا مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٥٧ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد أن عمر ....","vol":"16","page":323},{"text":"المُسلِمينَ. فقالَ شَريكٌ: قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: عانَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنا رَجُلًا مِنَ العَدوِّ فضَرَبَه فأصابَ رَجُلًا مِنّا، فسَلَتَ وجهَه (^١) حَتَّى وقَعَ ذَلِكَ على حاجِبَيه وأنفِه ولحيَتِه وصَدرِه، فقَضَى فيه عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁- بالدّيَةِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا، وكانَتِ الذراهِمُ يَومئذٍ وزن سِتَّةٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: رَوَى عَطاءٌ ومَكحولٌ وعَمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ وعَدَدٌ مِنَ الحِجازيّينَ أن عُمَرَ -﵁- فرَضَ الدّيَةَ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، ولَم أعلَمْ بالحِجازِ أحَدًا خالَفَ فيه عنه بالحِجازِ ولا عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵄-. ومِمَّن قال: الدّيَةُ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. ابنُ عباسٍ وأبو هريرةَ وعائشَةُ -﵃-، ولَقَد رَواه عِكرِمَةُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قَضَى بالدّيَةِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فقُلتُ لمحَمَّدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ: أفَتَقولُ: إنَّ الدّيَةَ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ وزنَ سِتَّةٍ؟ فقالَ: لا. فقُلتُ: فمِن أينَ زَعَمتَ أنَّكَ عن عُمَرَ قَبِلتَها، وأنَّ عُمَرَ قَضَى فيها بشَئٍ لا تَقضِى بهِ؟\nقال الشيخُ: الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعَةٌ وكَذَلِكَ عن عثمانَ -﵁-، وحَديثُ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قَد رُوّيناه مَوصولًا عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن عُمَرَ -﵁-، ومَعَه حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) سلت وجهه: ضربه. ينظر التاج ٤/ ٥٦٤ (س ل ت).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٩٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٠٦.","vol":"16","page":324},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3482>جماعُ الدّيَاتِ فيما دونَ النَّفسِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: قَرأتُ كِتابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الَّذِي كَتَبَه لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ حينَ بَعَثَه على نَجرانَ، وكانَ الكِتابُ عِندَ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، فكَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فيه: \"هذا بَيانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿ ورسولِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ﴾ \". فكَتَبَ الآياتِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ﴾ [المائدة: ١ - ٤] ثُمَّ كَتَبَ: \"هذا كِتابُ الجِراحِ؛ في النَّفسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي الأنفِ إذا أُوعِىَ جَدعُه مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي العَينِ خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي اليَدِ خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي الرِّجلِ خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي كُلِّ إصبَع ممّا هُنالِكَ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفسِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفسِ، وفِي المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وفِي المُوضِحَةِ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فهَذا الذِى قَرأتُ في الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، عِندَ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا وأبو سعيدٍ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي بكرٍ أخبَرَه أن أباه أخبَرَه عن الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٨٩، ٣٠٩٠)، وابن وهب (٥٠٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٥٧)، والنسائي (٤٨٧٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسانى (٣٤١).","vol":"16","page":325},{"text":"لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ في العُقولِ مِثلَ حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ الأُذُنَينِ ولا المُنَقِّلَةَ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسننُ والدّيَاتُ، وبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فقُرِئَت على أهلِ اليَمَنِ وهَذِه نُسخَتُها. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه وفيه: \"وِإنَّ في النَّفسِ الدّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي الأنفِ إذا أُوعِبَ جَدعُه الدّيَةُ، وفِي اللِّسانِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الشَّفَتَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي البَيضَتَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الصُّلبِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي العَينَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الرِّجلِ الواحِدَةِ نِصفُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي كُلِّ إصبَع مِنَ الأصابعِ مِنَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي الموضِحَةِ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3483>بابُ أرشِ المُوضِحَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥١٠)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٨٧٢). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٢٣٣).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٩٥ - ٣٩٧. وتقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"16","page":326},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أن في الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِي المُوضِحَةِ خَمسٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا موسَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى في المُوضِحَةِ بخَمسٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٢).\nوروَاه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ وزادَ فيه: وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ بثُلُثِ (^٣) الدّيَةِ. قال: وفِي الأنفِ إذا أُوعِىَ جَدعُه مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِى العَينِ خَمسونَ. وذَكَرَ ديَةَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ والأصابعِ كما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ فُضَيلُ بنُ حُسَينٍ أن خالِدَ بنَ الحارِثِ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن أباه أخبَرَه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فى المَواضِحِ خَمسٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ٧٦، ١١٨، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣١٤) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٥٨، ١٧٤٠٨، ١٧٤٥٧، ١٧٦١٩، ١٧٦٧٩، ١٧٦٩٤)، ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٢١٠.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٥٦٦). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٨٦٧) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به. وأحمد (٦٦٨١،=","vol":"16","page":327},{"text":"١٦٢٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"فى المَواضِحِ خَمسٌ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، والأصابعُ كُلُّها دَواءٌ، عَشرٌ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في المُوضِحَةِ خَمسَةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: في المُوضِحَةِ خَمسٌ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ هذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَيدٍ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n_________\n=٦٧٧٢، ٦٩٣٣)، والترمذى (١٣٩٠) من طريق حسين المعلم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٢٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠١٣) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٥٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وسيأتي في (١٦٣٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣١٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٩٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٧٣١١). وسيأتي مطولًا في (١٦٢٨٥).\n(^٤) قال ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ٨/ ٤٤٨: لا يحضرني من رواه مرفوعًا، وإنما هو موقوف. وقال=","vol":"16","page":328},{"text":"١٦٢٨٠ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- قالا في المُوضحَةِ في الرأسِ والوَجهِ: سَواءٌ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٨١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدٍ، في المُوضحَةِ في الوَجهِ والرأسِ والأنفِ سَواءٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٨٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن شُرَيحٍ والحَسَنِ قالا: المُوضِحَةُ في الوَجهِ مِثلُ المُوضحَةِ في الرأسِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي الليثِىُّ يَعنِي أنَسَ بنَ عياضٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: المُوضحَةُ في الوَجه مِثلُ المُوضحَةِ في الرأسِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ في الوَجهِ عَيبٌ فيُزادَ في مُوضحَةِ الوَجهِ بقَدرِ عَيبِ الوَجهِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ نِصفِ عَقلِ\n_________\n= أيضًا في خلاصة البدر المنير ٢/ ٢٧٢: غريب مرفوعًا.\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٤٣) وعنده بزيادة عمر بن عامر بين عباد وعمرو بن شعيب. وفي المهذب للذهبي ٦/ ٣١٧٢: عن رجل. بدل: عمر بن عامر.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٤٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٣٣) عن حجاج به.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٥١).","vol":"16","page":329},{"text":"المُوضِحَةِ خَمسَةٌ وعِشرونَ دينارًا (^١).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢)، وفُقَهاءِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ مِنَ التّابِعينَ:\n\n١٦٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ البَغدادِىُّ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، كانوا يَجعَلونَ المُوضِحَةَ في الوَجهِ والرأسِ سَواءً، في كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما خَمسونَ دينارًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3484>بابُ الهاشِمَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: في الموضِحَةِ خَمسٌ، وفِي الهاشِمَةِ عَشرٌ، وفِي المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٨٥٨، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٣٣٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٠٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٩٨)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠١، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٣٢١، ١٧٣٤٨). وتقدم أوله في (١٦٢٧٩).","vol":"16","page":330},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3485>بابُ المُنَقِّلَةِ</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ مَوصولًا ومُرسَلًا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِي المُنقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن مَكحولٍ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الجِراحاتِ في المُوضِحَةِ فصاعِدًا؛ قَضَى في المُوضِحَةِ بخَمسٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسًا، وفِي المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وفِي الجائفَةِ الثُّلُثَ، وفِي الآمَّةِ الثُّلُثَ، وجَعَلَ في النَّفسِ الدّيَةَ كامِلَةً، وفِي الأُذُنِ نِصفَ الدّيَةِ، وفِي اليَدِ نِصفَ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الرجلِ نِصفَ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةَ كامِلَةً، وفِي اللِّسانِ الدّيَةَ كامِلَةً، وفِي الأُنثَيَينِ الدّيَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ (^٣).\nورُوّيناه عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦، ١٦٢٧٣) موصولًا، وفي (١٦٢٧١) مرسلًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧١٩٧، ٢٧٢١٤، ٢٧٢٣١، ٢٧٥١٢، ٢٩٥٦٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٦٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٢٣) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٢٨٥).","vol":"16","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3486>بابُ المأمومَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أن في الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفسِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ مِثلُها\" (^١).\n\n١٦٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في المأمومَةِ ثُلُثَ العَقلِ؛ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثينَ مِنَ الإبِلِ وثُلُثًا، أو قيمَتَها مِنَ الذَّهَبِ أوِ الوَرِقِ أوِ البَقَرِ أوِ الشّاءِ، والجائفَةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nورُوّيناه عن علىٍّ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3487>بابُ ما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ مِنَ الشِّجاجِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١١٨، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩، ومن طريقه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٥٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٢٥٤).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٥٦، ١٧٣٥٧). وتقدم في (١٦٢٨٥).","vol":"16","page":332},{"text":"عن ابنِ شِهابٍ ورَبيعَةَ وأبِى الزِّنادِ وإِسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَعقِلْ ما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ، وجَعَلَ ما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ عَفوًا بَينَ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ قال: الأمرُ المُجتَمَعُ عَلَيه عِندَنا أنَّه لَيسَ فيما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ مِنَ الشِّجاجِ عَقلٌ حَتَّى تَبلُغَ الموضِحَةَ، وإِنَّما العَقلُ في الموضِحَةِ فما فوقَها؛ وذَلِكَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- انتَهَى إلَى الموضِحَةِ في كِتابِه لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فجَعَلَ فيها خَمسًا مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصَينٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: ما دونَ الموضِحَةِ خُدوشٌ فيها صُلحٌ (^٣).\nورَوَى ابنُ عُلاثَةَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي عَبلَةَ، أن مُعاذًا وعُمَرَ -﵄- جَعَلا فيما دونِ الموضِحَةِ أجرَ الطَّبيبِ (^٤).\nوفِي حَديثِ ابنِ غَنمٍ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ -﵁- مَرفوعًا: \"وفِي الموضِحَةِ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وكُلُّ شَئٍ كان دونَ ذَلِكَ فعَلَى قَدرِهِ\".\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥١٨).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٥/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٥٩.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٧٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٤٢).","vol":"16","page":333},{"text":"١٦٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ إن لَم أكُن سَمِعتُه مِن عبدِ اللهِ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- قَضَيا في المِلطاةِ بنِصفِ ديَةِ الموضِحَةِ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- مِثلَه أو مِثلَ مَعناه (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأخبَرَنِي مَن سَمِعَ ابنَ نافِعٍ يَذكُرُ عن مالكٍ بهَذا الإِسنادِ مِثلَه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَرأنا على مالكٍ: إنا لَم نَعلَمْ أحَدًا مِنَ الأئمَّةِ في القَديمِ ولا الحَديثِ قَضَى فيما دونَ الموضِحَةِ بشَئٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٦٨. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٣٤) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الممرفة (٤٩٠٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٦٨. وأخرجه ابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧١٣، وابن المظفر في غرائب مالك (٣٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٢٦٨.","vol":"16","page":334},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِاللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- قَضيا في المِلطاةِ وهِىَ السِّمحاقُ بنِصفِ ما في الموضِحَةِ. قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا سفيانُ فسألناه عنه فحَدَّثَنا به عن مالكٍ، ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ مالكًا فقُلتُ: إنَّ سُفيانَ حدثنا عَنكَ عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- قَضيا في المِلطاةِ بنِصفِ الموضِحَةِ. قال: صَدَقَ قَد حَدَّثتُه. قُلتُ حَدَّثنِي به. قال: ما أُحَدِّثُ به اليَومَ. فقالَ له مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وهو إلَى جَنبِه: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ إلَّا حَدَّثتَه به. قال: تَعزِمُ عليَّ! لَو كُنتُ مُحَدِّثًا به اليَومَ لَحَدَّثتُه به. قُلتُ: لِمَ لا تُحَدِّثُنِي به وقَد حَدَّثتَ به غَيرِى؟ قال: إنَّ العَمَلَ عِندَنا على غَيرِه، ورَجُلُه عِندَنا لَيسَ هُناكَ. يَعنِي ابنَ قُسَيطٍ (^١).\nفهَذا عُذرُ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وإيّاه في الرَّغبَةِ عن هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فيما ساقَ كَلامَه إلَيه: رُوِّينا أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قَد قَضى فيما دونَ الموضِحَةِ حَتَّى في الدّاميَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٢٩٦ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ السُّكَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٣٤٥)، ومن طريقه ابن المظفر في غرائب مالك (٣٤). وأخرجه ابن مخلد في ما رواه الأكابر عن مالك (١٤)، وابن عدي ٧/ ٢٧١٣ من طريق أحمد إبن منصور الرمادي به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٢٦٨.","vol":"16","page":335},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في الدّاميَةِ بَعيرٌ، وفِي الباضِعَةِ بَعيرانِ، وفِي المُتَلاحِمَةِ ثَلاثٌ، وفِي السِّمحاقِ أربَعٌ، وفِي الموضِحَةِ خَمسٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ وِإن كُنّا نَروِى حَديثَه لِرِوايَةِ الكِبارِ عنه، فلَيسَ ممَّن تَقومُ الحُجَّةُ بما يَنفَرِدُ بهِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في السِّمحاقِ أربَعٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٣). وعن جابِرٍ الجُعفِيِّ عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ نُجَيٍّ عن عليٍّ -﵁- مِثلَه (^٤). والأوَّلُ مُنقَطِعٌ والثّانِي مُنقَطِعٌ، ثُمَّ إن صَحَّت هذه الرِّوايَةُ فهِىَ مَحمولَةٌ على أنَّهُم حَكَموا فيما دونَ المُوضِحَةِ بحُكُومَةٍ بَلَغَت هذا المِقدارَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3488>بابُ تَفسيِر الشِّجاجِ ومَدارِجِها</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: قال الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الماسَرجَسِيُّ فيما قَرأتُه مِن سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ التُّجيبِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أخِي حَرمَلَةَ، حدثنا عَمِّي حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٤٢)، ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠١. وتقدم بعضه في (١٦٢٨٥).\n(^٢) هو محمد بن راشد، أبو عبد الله الشامي المعروف بالمكحولي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٨١، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٥٣، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٢٥٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٨٦. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١٦٠: صدوق يهم، ورمى بالقدر.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٤١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٣٣) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٤٠) من طريق جابر، وفيه: جابر بن عبد الله بن نجى. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٧٤: فيه جابر.","vol":"16","page":336},{"text":"الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أوَّلُ الشِّجاجِ الحارِصَةُ، وهِىَ التى تَحرِصُ الجِلدَ حَتَّى تَشُقَّه قَليلًا، ومِنه قيلَ: حَرَصَ القَصّارُ الثَّوبَ، إذا شَقَّه، ثُمَّ الباضِعَةُ وهِىَ التى تَشُقُّ اللَّحمَ وتَبضَعُه بعدَ الجِلدِ، ثُمَّ المُتَلاحِمَةُ وهِىَ التى أخَذَت في اللَّحمِ ولَم تَبلُغِ السِّمحاقَ، والسِّمحاقُ جِلدَةٌ رَقيقَةٌ بَينَ اللَّحمِ والعَظمِ، وكُلُّ قِشرَةٍ رَقيقَةٍ فهِىَ سِمحاقٌ، فإِذا بَلَغَتِ الشَّجَّةُ تِلكَ القِشرَةَ الرَّقيقَةَ حَتَّى لا يَبقَى بَينَ اللَّحمِ والعَظمِ غَيرُها فتِلكَ السِّمحاقُ وهِىَ المِلطاةُ، ثُمَّ المُوضِحَةُ وهِىَ التى تَكشِفُ عَنها ذَلِكَ القِشرَ وتَشُقُّ حَتَّى يَبدوَ وضَحُ العَظمِ فتِلكَ المُوضحَةُ، والهاشِمَةُ التى تَهشِمُ العَظمَ، والمُنَقِّلَةُ التى يُنقَلُ مِنها فراشُ العَظمِ (^١)، والآمَّةُ وهِىَ المأمومَةُ وهِىَ التى تَبلُغُ أُمَّ الرأسِ الدِّماغَ، والجائفَةُ وهِىَ التى تَختَرِقُ (^٢) حَتَّى تَصِلَ إلَى السِّفاقِ (^٣)، وما كان دونَ المُوضِحَةِ فهو خُدوشٌ فيه الصُّلحُ، والدّاميَةُ هِىَ التى تُدمِي مِن غَيرِ أن يَسيلَ مِنها دَمٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3489>بابُ الجائفَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ أن يَحيَى بنَ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ نُسخَةَ الكِتابِ الَّذِي عِندَ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، الَّذِي كَتَبه\n_________\n(^١) فراش العظم: أعلاه. المنتقى للباجي ٧/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تخرق\".\n(^٣) السفاق والصفاق: الجلد الأسفل الذى تحت الجلد الذى عليه الشعر. التاج ٢٦/ ٢٩ (ص ف ق).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠٧).","vol":"16","page":337},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، فإِذا فيه: \"في الأنفِ إذا أُوعِبَ جَدعُه الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً، وفِي العَينِ نِصفُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، وفِي الموضِحَةِ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي كلِّ إصبَعٍ هُنالِكَ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ\". وقَد رُوّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ مُرسَلًا ومَوصولًا.\n\n١٦٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمرَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في الجائفَةِ الثُّلُثُ، وفِي الآمَّةِ الثُّلُثُ (^١).\n\n١٦٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَستاِنِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رَجُلًا رَمَى رَجُلًا فأصابَته جائفَةٌ فخَرَجَت مِنَ الجانِبِ الآخَرِ، فقَضى فيها أبو بكرٍ -﵁- بثُلُثَىِ الدّيَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٥٦، ١٧٣٥٧، ١٧٦٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢١٥، ٢٧٥٠٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٢٣) عن سفيان عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن عن عمرو به.","vol":"16","page":338},{"text":"حَجّاجٌ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- قَضى في الجائفَةِ نَفَذَت بثُلُثَىِ الدّيَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3490>بابُ الأُذُنَينِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: قَرأتُ كِتابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الَّذِي كَتَبَه لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ حين بَعَثَه على نَجرانَ فكَتَبَ فيه: \"وفِي الأُذُنِ خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أشياءُ مِنَ الإِنسانِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: وفِي الأُذُنَينِ الدّيَةُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ مسلمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ وعِكرِمَةَ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- قَضَى في الأُذُنِ بنِصفِ الدّيَةِ. قالَ مَعمَرٌ: والنّاسُ عَلَيه. قال: وقَضى فيها أبو بكرٍ -﵁- بخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥١٤) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٢٧١).\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥١٣).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٩٦، ١٧٣٩٧).","vol":"16","page":339},{"text":"١٦٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: وفِي الأُذُنِ النِّصفُ (^١).\nورَوَى الشَّعبِيُّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في الأُذُنِ إذا استُؤصلَت نِصفُ الدّيَةِ أخماسًا، فما نَقَصَ مِنها فبحِسابٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3491>بابُ السَّمعِ</span>\nرَوَى أبو يَحيَى السّاجِيُّ في كِتابِه بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن ابنِ غَنمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِي السَّمعِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\".\n\n١٦٣٠٥ - أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا رِشدينُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن ابنِ غَنمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وفِي السَّمعِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\".\nوبِهَذا الإِسنادِ قال: \"وفِي العَقلِ الدّيَةُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ما دَلَّ على أنَّه قَضَى في السَّمعِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٨٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٥٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٦٣) من طريق الشعبي به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٠٨) عن رشدين بن سعد به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٧٦: سنده واه.","vol":"16","page":340},{"text":"بالدّيَةِ (^١).\nورَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن مَكحولٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: في السَّمعِ إذا ذَهَبَ الدّيَةُ تامَّةً (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن رَبيعَةَ أنَّه قال في السَّمعِ إذا ذَهَبَ كُلُّه: فيه الدّيَةُ. قال رَبيعَةُ: وإِذا كان مِن إحدَى الأُذُنَينِ ففيه نِصفُ العَقلِ.\nقال: وقالَ يونُسُ: قالَه أبو الزِّنادِ.\nقال ابنُ وهبٍ: وسَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ صالِحٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي العَلاءُ بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّه سَمِعَ مَكحولًا يقولُ ذَلِكَ في ذَهابِ السَّمعِ كُلِّهِ.\nقال: وقالَ مُعاويَةُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يَقولُه.\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ وإِبراهيمَ وغَيرِهِما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3492>بابُ ذَهابِ العَقلِ مِنَ الجِنايَةِ</span>\nفيما رُوَى أبو يَحيَى السّاجِيُّ بإِسنادِه عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ مَرفوعًا: \"وفِي\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٦٣٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣١٢) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥١٢). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣١٥) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"16","page":341},{"text":"العَقلِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". وقَد ذَكَرنا إسنادَنا فيهِ (^١).\nورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ما دَلَّ على أنَّه قَضَى في العَقلِ بالدّيَةِ.\n\n١٦٣٠٨ - وأنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، عن عَوفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ شَيخًا قبلَ فِتنَةِ ابنِ الأشعَثِ. فنَعَتَ نَعتَه فقالوا: ذاكَ أبو المُهَلَّبِ عَمُّ أبي قِلابَةَ (^٢). قال: رُمِىَ رَجُلٌ بحَجَرٍ في رأسِه فذَهَبَ سَمعُه ولِسانُه وعَقلُه وذَكَرُه فلَم يَقرَبِ النِّساءَ، فقَضَى فيه عُمَرُ -﵁- بأربَعِ ديَاتٍ (^٣).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ وهو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، في رَجُلٍ ضرِبَ فذَهَبَ سَمعُه وبَصَرُه وكَلامُه، قال: له ثَلاثُ ديَاتٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٣٠٥).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"قتادة\". والمثبت كما في حاشية الأصل، وصحح عيها، وكتب: \"هكذا في كتب الحديث، وفي المهذب، وسيأتي في باب اجتماع الجراحات بعد هذا بتسع ورقات\" ا. هـ. وينظر المهذب ٦/ ٣١٧٦، وسيأتي في (١٦٤٠٧).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣١٤، ٢٧٧٩٨) وشيخه فيه هو سليمان بن حيان أبو خالد. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨١٨٣) عن الثوري عن عوف به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٧٦: سنده نقطع.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣١٣).","vol":"16","page":342},{"text":"مَكحولٍ، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال في الرَّجُلِ يُضرَبُ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ عَقلُه: الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً (^١).\nورَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن مَكحولٍ عن زَيدٍ قال: في العَقلِ الدّيَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضتِ السُّنَّةُ أشياءُ مِنَ الإِنسانِ؛ في نَفسِه الدّيَةُ، وفِي العَقلِ إذا ذَهَبَ الدّيَةُ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ ومُجاهِدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذٌ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ فزَّع رَجُلًا فذَهَبَ عَقلُه، قال: لَو أدرَكَه عُمَرُ -﵁- لَضمَّنَه الدّيَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3493>بابُ ديَةِ العَينَينِ</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في الحَديثِ الموصولِ عن عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِي\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠١، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٣٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧٩٥) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥١٣). وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٣٠٧).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧٩٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧٩٧) من طريق أشعث به.","vol":"16","page":343},{"text":"العَينَينِ الدّيَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الجَوَّات، حدثنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنيِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"في الأنفِ الدّيَةُ إذا استُوعِىَ جَدعُه؛ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي اليَدِ خَمسونَ، وفِي الرِّجلِ خَمسونَ، وفِي العَينِ خَمسونَ، وفِي الآمَّةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفسِ، وفِي الجائفَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْسِ، وفِي المُنَقِّلَةِ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وفِي المُوضِحَةِ خَمسٌ، وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ، وفِي كُلِّ إصبَعٍ ممّا هُنالِكَ عَشرٌ\" (^٢).\nورَواه وكيعٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بزياداتٍ ونُقصانٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٢٦١) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٩٦: وفيه محمد بن أبي ليلى، وهو سيِّئ الحفظ، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٠٦، ٢٧٢٢٤، ٢٧٢٦٤، ٢٧٢٨٥، ٢٧٣٦٧، ٢٧٤٠١، ٢٧٤٢٢، ٢٧٥٠٥) عن وكيع به.","vol":"16","page":344},{"text":"وفِي العَينِ النِّصفُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3494>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَقصِ البَصَرِ</span>\n\n١٦٣١٤ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رَجُلًا أصابَ عَينَ رَجُلٍ فذَهَبَ ببَعضِ بَصرِه وبَقِىَ بَعضٌ، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عليٍّ -﵁- فأمَرَ بعَينِه الصَّحيحَةِ فعُصبَت، وأمَرَ رَجُلًا ببَيضَةٍ فانطَلَقَ بها وهو يَنظُرُ حَتَّى انتَهَى بَصرُه، ثُمَّ خَطَّ عِندَ ذَلِكَ عَلَمًا (^٢) ثُمَّ [نَظَرَ في] (^٣) ذَلِكَ فوَجَدوه (^٤) سَواءً. قال: فأعطاه بقَدرِ ما نَقَصَ مِن بَصرَه، [ثُمَّ خَطَّ عليها] (^٥) [مما للآخَرِ] (^٦) (^٧).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3495>بابُ ديَةِ أشفارِ العَينَينِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وفِي كُلِّ جَفنٍ رُبُعُ الدّيَةِ؛ لأنَّها أربَعَةٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٠٩، ١٧٤١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٨٤) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"عليها\". وفي الحاشية كالمثبت.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"أمر به فحول إلى مكان آخر ففعل\".\n(^٤) في م: \"فوجده\".\n(^٥) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\n(^٦) في س، م: \"من مال الآخر\". وجاء في حاشية الأصل: \"في نسخة قال فيها من الأوسط: وأعطى رجلًا بيضة فانطلق بها وهو ينظر حتى انتهى بصره، ثم خط عند ذلك علمًا ثم أمر به فحول إلى مكان آخر، ففعل ذلك فوجدوه سواء، فأعطاه بقدر ما نقص من مال الآخر\".\n(^٧) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٣٣).","vol":"16","page":345},{"text":"الإِنسانِ وهِىَ مِن تَمامِ خَلقِه ومِمّا يألَمُ بقَطعِه، قياسًا عليٍّ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- جَعَلَ في بَعضِ ما في الإِنسانِ مِنه واحِدٌ الدّيَةَ، وفِي بَعضِ ما في الإِنسانِ مِنه اثنانِ الدّيَةَ (^١).\n\n١٦٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ: وفِي جَفنِ العَينِ رُبُعُ الدّيَةِ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ عن مَكحولٍ قال: كانوا يَجعَلونَ في جَفنِ العَينِ إذا أُخِذَ عن العَينِ الدّيَةَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ ﵀ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3496>بابُ ديَةِ الأنفِ</span>\n\n١٦٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أن في الكِتابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٢٣.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠١، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٣٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٠٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٠٤، ٢٧٣٠٨).","vol":"16","page":346},{"text":"لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِي الأنفِ إذا أُوعِىَ جَدعًا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: كان في كِتابِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ حينَ بَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى نَجرانَ: \"وفِي الأنفِ إذا استُؤصِلَ (^٢) المارِنُ (^٣) الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً\" (^٤).\nورُوّينا في الحَديثِ المَوصولِ عن عمرِو بنِ حَزمِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِي الأنفِ إذا أُوعِبَ جَدعُه الدّيَةُ\" (^٥)\n\n١٦٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قَضى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- في الأنفِ إذا جُدِعَ بالدّيَةِ كامِلَةً وإِذا جُدِعَت ثَندوَتُه (^٦) فنِصفُ العَقلِ؛ خَمسونَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١١٨، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٢٧٢، ١٦٢٧٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"استؤصلت\".\n(^٣) المارن: ما دون قصبة الأنف، وهو ما لان منه. المصباح المنير ص ٢١٧ (م ر ن).\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٦٧) من طريق محمد بن عمارة به. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٤/ ٣٦٩: غريب.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٦) الثَّندوة: هى طرف الأنف ومقدمته. النهاية ١/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"16","page":347},{"text":"مِنَ الإبِلِ أو عَدلُها مِنَ الذهَبِ أوِ الوَرِقِ (^١).\n\n١٦٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وقَد رَوَى ابنُ طاوُسٍ عن أبيه قال: عِندَ أبي كِتاب عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فيه: \"وفِي الأنفِ إذا قُطِعَ المارِنُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٢٠ - قال الشيخُ: وفِي رِوايَةِ وكيعٍ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ عن رَجُلٍ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في الأنفِ إذا استُوعِبَ مارِنُه الدّيَةُ. وهو فيما أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا ابنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ. فذَكَرَه، وذَكَرَ ما رُوِّينا قبلَ هذا في العَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: وفِي الأنفِ الدّيَةُ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٩٢) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وتقدم في (١٦٢٥٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ١١٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٦٤) عن ابن جريج عن ابن طاوس، دون ذكر أبيه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٦٤) عن وكيع به. وتقدم عقب (١٦٣١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٥٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٦٥) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"16","page":348},{"text":"حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: في المارِنِ الدّيَةُ.\n\n١٦٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ، أخبرَنا زاهِرٌ، أخبرَنا البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، أخبرَنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ هو ابنُ عامِرٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال في الخَرَماتِ (^١) الثَّلاثِ: في الأنفِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٢٤ - وحَدَّثَنا عَبّادٌ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3497>بابُ (^٤) الشَّفَتَيِن</span>\n\n١٦٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه: \"وفِي الشَّفَتَينِ الدّيَةُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الخَرَمات: جمع خَرَمة، وهى الحجب الثلاثة في الأنف؛ اثنان خارجان عن اليمين واليسار، والثالث الوترة، وهى الحاجزة بين المنخرين. النهاية ٢/ ٢٧، ٥/ ١٤٩.\n(^٢) مسائل الإمام أحمد برواية عبد الله (١٧٢٢). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٧٧) عن عباد بن العوام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٧٧) عن عباد به.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"دية\".\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٣٦، ١٦٢٧٣).","vol":"16","page":349},{"text":"١٦٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ في أشياءَ مِنَ الإِنسانِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: وفِي الشَّفَتَينِ الدّيَةُ (^١).\nورَوَى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيب قال: قَضَى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- في الشَّفَتَينِ بالدّيَةِ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الإِبِلِ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ أنَّه قال: في الشَّفَتَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما النِّصفُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3498>بابُ ديَةِ اللِّسانِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه: \"وفِي اللِّسانِ الدّيَةُ\" (^٤).\nوهو في حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ مَرفوعًا، وفِي حَديثِ رَجُلٍ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥١٣). وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٣٠٢، ١٦٣١٠).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٧٣٤٢)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٤٤).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٤٢).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"16","page":350},{"text":"عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). ورُوّينا عن عُمَرَ -﵁- ما دَلَّ على أنَّه كان يَقضى فيه بالدّيَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: في اللِّسانِ الدّيَةُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أخبَرَه أن السُّنَّةَ مَضَت في العَقلِ بأنَّ في اللِّسانِ الدّيَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٣٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضتِ السُّنَّةُ في أشياءَ مِنَ الإِنسانِ. قال: وفِي اللِّسانِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الصوتِ إذا انقَطَعَ الدّيَةُ (^٥).\n\n١٦٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ البَرْقِيُّ (^٦)، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (١٦٣١٢).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٦١). وتقدم في (١٦٣٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٦١)، وابن أبي شبة (٢٧٣٥٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٥١١).\n(^٥) ابن وهب (٥١٣). وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٣٠٢، ١٦٣١٠، ١٦٣٢٦).\n(^٦) في ص ٨: \"البرتي\". وينظر تكملة الإكمال ١/ ٣٨٨.","vol":"16","page":351},{"text":"ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي الحارِثُ بنُ نَبهانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيب، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"في اللِّسانِ الدّيَةُ إذا مُنِعَ الكَلامَ، وفِي الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةُ إذا قُطِعَتِ الحَشَفَةُ، وفِي الشَّفَتَينِ الدّيَةُ\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ؛ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ العَرزَمِيُّ (^٢) والحارِثُ بنُ نَبهانَ ضَعيفانِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٣٢ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ أظُنُّه عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ، أن في كِتابٍ لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: وفِي اللِّسانِ إذا استُوعِىَ الدّيَةُ تامَّةً، وما أُصيبَ مِنَ اللِّسانِ فبَلَغَ أن يَمنَعَ الكَلامَ ففيه الدّيَةُ، وما كان دونَ ذَلِكَ فبِحِسابِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٣٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن ابنِ فُضَيلٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: في اللِّسانِ الدّيَهُ إذا استُوعِىَ، فما نَقَصَ فبِحِسابٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٣٣٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢١١٥.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٦٤٠).\n(^٣) هو الحارث بن نبهان الجرمي، أبو محمد البصري. يظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨٤، والجرح والعديل ٣/ ٩١، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٢٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٨٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٤٤: متروك.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٦١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٦٠) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٥٣).","vol":"16","page":352},{"text":"عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قال: قَضى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- في اللِّسانِ إذا قُطِعَ بالدّيَةِ إذا أُوعِىَ مِن أصلِه، وإِذا قُطِعَ فتَكَلَّمَ ففيه نِصفُ الدّيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٦٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال: في ذَهابِ الكَلامِ الدّيَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: الحُروفُ ثَمانيَةٌ وعِشرونَ حَرفًا، فما قُطِعَ مِنَ اللِّسانِ فهو عليٍّ ما نَقَصَ مِنَ الحُروفِ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ عن مَسروقٍ أنَّه قال: في لِسانِ الأخرَسِ حُكومَةٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3499>بابُ ديَةِ الأسنانِ</span>\nقَد رُوِّينا في الحَديثِ المَوصولِ عن عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^٥).\n\n١٦٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٥٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٥٩) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٥٦) من طريق آخر عن الحسن بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٥٥) عن معمر به.\n(^٤) ينظر ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٨٩).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦).","vol":"16","page":353},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى في المواضِحِ خَمسًا خَمسًا مِنَ الإبِلِ، وفِي الأسنانِ خَمسًا خَمسًا، وفِي الأصابِعِ عَشرًا عَشرًا (^١).\n\n١٦٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: وفِي السِّنِّ خَمسٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضتِ السُّنَةُ أشياءُ مِنَ الإِنسانِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: وفِي الأسنانِ الدّيَةُ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ في حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ مَرفوعًا: \"وفِي الأسنانِ كُلِّها مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". وفِي إسنادِه ضَعفٌ. وَحَديثُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ مُنقَطِعٌ. ورِوايَةُ مَن رَوَى عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٥٧) من طريق سعيد به. وأبو داود (٤٥٦٣) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٢٧٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١٧): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٩٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٠٠) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥١٣)، وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٣٠٢، ١٦٣١٠، ١٦٣٢٦).","vol":"16","page":354},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"في كُلِّ سِنٍّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". أكثَرُ وأشهَرُ.\nورُوّينا عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: إذا كُسِرَتِ السِّنُّ أجَّلَه سنةً.\nورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن الحارِثِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: يَتَرَبَّصُ بها حَولًا. وعن مَكحولٍ عن زَيدٍ -﵁- مِثلَه.\n\n١٦٣٤٠ - وهَذا كُلُّه فيما أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٦٣٤١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ، عن حُصينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁-. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٤٢ - وعن عَبّادٍ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدٍ -﵁- مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3500>بابٌ: الأسنانُ كُلُّها سَواءٌ</span>\n\n١٦٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ الطِّرازِيُّ (^٤) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ ابنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا أبو حَمزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٧٤).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٦٩).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٧٠).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"الطبراني\". وكتب فوق المثبت في الأصل: \"صح\". وهو على بن محمد بن محمد ابن أحمد، آخر من روى عن الأصم بالإجازة، روى عنه الخطيب، قال الذهبي: الشيخ الكبير،=","vol":"16","page":355},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأسنانُ والأصابعُ سَواءٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عباسٌ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِي شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الأصابعُ سَواءٌ، والأسنانُ سَواة، الثَّنيَّةُ والضِّرسُ سَواءٌ، هذه وهَذِه سَواءٌ\". وفي رِوايَةِ أبي قِلابَةَ قال: عن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"هذه وهَذِه سَواءٌ\". يَعنى الخِنصَرَ والإِبهامَ والضِّرسَ والثَّنيَّةَ (^٢).\nقال أبو داودَ: روَاه النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ عن شُعبَةَ بمَعنَى (^٣) عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَناه الدارميُّ عن النَّضرِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي غَطَفانَ ابنِ طَريفٍ المُرِّيِّ، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ\n_________\n= مسند خراسان،. . . الأديب، من كبار النيسابوريين. توفى سنة (٤٢٢ هـ). السير ١٧/ ٤٠٩.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٤)، وأبو داود (٤٥٦٠)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٤) من طريق على بن الحسن به. والترمذي (١٣٩١) من طريق يزيد النحوى به. وسيأتي في (١٦٣٦١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٩٧)، وفي المعرفة (٤٩١٢)، وأبو داود (٤٥٥٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٥٠) عن عباس العنبري به. وأحمد (١٩٩٩)، والبخارى (٦٨٩٥)، والترمذي (١٣٩٢)، والنسائي (٤٨٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"حديث\".\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٤٥٥٩).","vol":"16","page":356},{"text":"بَعَثَه إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباس ليَسألَه: ماذا في الضِّرسِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: فيه خَمسٌ الإبِلِ. قال: فرَدَّنِي إلَيه مَروانُ قال: أتَجعَلُ مُقَدَّمَ الفَمِ مِثلَ الأضراسِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَو لَم يَعتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ إلَّا بالأصابعِ عَقلُها سَواءٌ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وهَذا كما قالَه ابنُ عباسٍ إن شاءَ اللهُ، والدّيَةُ المُؤَقَّتَةُ على العَدَدِ لا على المَنافِعِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: قَضَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- في الأضراسِ ببَعيرٍ بَعيرٍ، وقَضَى مُعاويَةُ في الأضراسِ بخَمسَةِ أبعِرَةٍ خَمسَةِ أبعِرَةٍ، فالدّيَةُ تَنقُصُ في قَضاءِ عُمَرَ وتَزيدُ في قَضاءِ مُعاويَةَ، فلَو كُنتُ أنا جَعَلتُ في الأضراسِ بَعيرَينِ بَعيرَينِ فتِلكَ الدّيَةُ سَواءٌ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقَد خالَفتُم حَديثَ عُمَرَ -﵁- وقُلتُم في الأضراسِ: خَمسٌ خَمسٌ. وهَكَذا نَقولُ؛ لِما جاءَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"في السِّنِّ خَمسٌ\". وَكانَتِ الضِّرسُ سِنًّا (^٤).\nقال الشيخَ: وقَد رَوَى جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ عن عامِرٍ عن شُرَيحٍ ومَسروقٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩١٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٢٥، ٧/ ٣١٤، ٣١٦، ٣١٧، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦٢، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٩٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٩٣).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٢٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩١٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦١.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٢٣٤.","vol":"16","page":357},{"text":"عن عُمَرَ -﵁-: الأسنانُ سَواءٌ (^١). ويُذكَرُ عن الحَسَنِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: الأسنانُ سَواءٌ؛ الضِّرسُ والثَّنيَّةُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3501>بابُ السِّنِّ تُضرَبُ فتَسوَدُّ وتَذهَبُ مَنفَعَتُها</span>\n\n١٦٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أخبرَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: إنَّ السِّنَّ إذا اسوَدَّت تَمَّ عَقلُها. قال لِي مالكٌ: والأمرُ عِندَنا على ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٤٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ في السِّنِّ إذا أُصيبَت فاسوَدَّت بعدَ ذَلِكَ فسَقَطَت: فيها عَقلُها كُلُّه كامِلًا.\n\n١٦٣٤٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ قال: ذُكِرَ لَنا أنَّه كان (^٤) مَعَ سَيفِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أمرُ العُقولِ: وفِي السِّنِّ إذا اسوَدَّت عَقلُها كامِلًا، وِإذا طُرِحَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ ففِي (^٥)\nعَقلِها مَرَّةً أُخرَى. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٩٣، ١٧٧٤٨) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) ينظر المعرفة ٦/ ٢٢١.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٨٦١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٢٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٦١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد عن سعيد.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"كتاب\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعلها: فيها\".","vol":"16","page":358},{"text":"١٦٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال في العَينِ القائمَةِ والسِّنِّ السَّوداءِ واليَدِ الشَّلاءِ: ثُلُثُ ديَتِها (^١). وهَذا إنَّما أرادَ به -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- أنَّه أوجَبَ فيها حُكومَةً بَلَغَت ثُلُثَ ديَتِها.\n\n١٦٣٥١ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عَبّادٌ، أخبرَنا حَجّاجٌ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- في السِّنِّ إذا كُسِرَ بَعضُها: أُعطىَ صاحِبُها بحِسابِ ما نَقَصَ مِنها، ويَتَرَبَّصُ بها حَولًا؛ فإِنِ اسوَدَّت تَمَّ عَقلُها، وإِلا لَم يُزَدْ على ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٥٢ - وعن حَجّاجٍ عن مَكحولٍ عن زَيدٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3502>بابُ ديَةِ اليَدَينِ والرِّجلَيِن والأصابِعِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قاْلا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، أن في الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِي اليَدِ خَمسونَ، وفِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٩٢، ٢٧٥٠٠، ٢٧٥٤٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٥٩) عن عباد بن العوام به.","vol":"16","page":359},{"text":"الرِّجلِ خَمسونَ، وفِي كُلِّ إصبَع مِمّا هُنالِكَ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قَضَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- في اليَدِ إذا قُطِعَت نِصفَ العَقلِ، وفِي الرِّجلِ نِصفَ العَقلِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال في خُطبَتِه وهو مُسنِدٌ ظَهرَه إلَى الكَعبَةِ: \"في الأصابعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3503>بابٌ: الأصابِعُ كُلُّها سَواءٌ</span>\n\n١٦٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٠١)، والشافعي ٦/ ١١٨، ١٢٢، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٩، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٨٧٢)، وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٣١٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٤٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٩٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٦٤) من طريق شيبان به. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٦٢٤٤، ١٦٢٥٤، ١٦٣١٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٦٢) عن هدبة به. والنسائي (٤٨٦٦) من طريق همام به. وأحمد (٦٦٨١)، والنسائي (٤٨٦٥) من طريق حسين به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١٧): حسن صحيح.","vol":"16","page":360},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هذه وهَذِه سَواءٌ\" (^١). يَعنِي الخِنصَرَ والإِبهامَ. روَاه البخاريُّ عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ الاسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَدينِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا غالِبٌ التَّمّارُ، عن مَسروقِ بنِ أوسٍ التَّميمِيِّ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"في الأصابِعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ\" (^٣). قال عليٌّ: كان هذا الحَديثُ عِندَنا مُسنَدًا مُتَّصلَ الإِسنادِ، فلَمّا كان بَعدُ حدثنا به محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِى:\n\n١٦٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، حدثنا غالِبٌ التَّمّارُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن مَسروقِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قَضى في الأصابِعِ بعَشرٍ عَشرٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٣٤٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٢٠)، وأبو يعلى (٧٣٣٥) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٧) عن محمد بن بشر به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٥٤)، والنسائي (٤٨٦٠) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"16","page":361},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ روَاه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ وعَبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عروبَةَ (^١).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ عن غالِبٍ، فذَكَرَ فيه سَماعَ غالِبٍ مِن مَسروقٍ، إلا أنَّه لَم يُقِمِ اسمَه في أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عنه:\n\n١٦٣٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن غالِبٍ التَّمّارِ، حدثنا أوسُ بنُ مَسروقٍ أو مَسروقُ بنُ أوسٍ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الأصابعُ سَواءٌ\". قُلتُ: [في كُلِّ إصبَعٍ] (^٢) عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٣).\nوروَاه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ أبي صَفيَّةَ عن غالِبِ بنِ مَيمونٍ عن مَسروقِ بنِ أوسٍ عن أبي موسَى (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"في المَواضِحِ خَمسٌ خَمسٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦١٠) عن محمد بن جعفر به. وأبو داود (٤٥٥٦) من طريق عبدة بن سليمان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١٠).\n(^٢) ضرب عليها في الأصل.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٥١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٥٠)، وأبو داود (٤٥٥٧)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨١١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٧٢٩) من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان به.","vol":"16","page":362},{"text":"مِنَ الإبِلِ، والأصابعُ كُلُّها سَواءٌ؛ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ أبنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبانٍ، حدثنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ، عن يَسارٍ (^٢) المُعَلِّمِ، عن يَزيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أصابعَ اليَدَينِ والرِّجلَينِ سَواءً (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أظُنُّه قال: في اليَدِ النِّصفُ، وفِي الرجلِ النِّصفُ، وفِي الأصابِعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال: في الأصابعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ.\n\n١٦٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٢٧٧).\n(^٢) كذا في الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"صح\"، وفي الحاشية: \"سيبان\"، وفي س، ص ٨، م: \"شيبان\". وهو يسار المعلم المروزى. وينظر تهذيب الكمال. ٣٢/ ٢٩٧.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥٦١). وتقدم في (١٦٣٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٨٠، ١٧٦٩٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٦٩، ٢٧٤٢٤، ٢٧٥٠٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"16","page":363},{"text":"حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه أن الجِراحَ تُودَى على حِسابِها مِنَ الدّيَةِ كامِلَةً؛ الإصبَعُ كالإصبَعِ مِنَ الخَمسِ الأصابعِ، لا يَفضُلُ شَيءٌ على شَيءٍ.\n\n١٦٣٦٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ وسُئلَ: كَم في إصبَعِ الرِّجلِ مِنَ العَقلِ؟ فقالَ: عَشرُ فرائضَ.\n\n١٦٣٦٦ - قال بُكَيرٌ: وقالَ ذَلِكَ يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، وقالَ يَزيدُ: إنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- قَضَى بذَلِكَ.\n\n١٦٣٦٧ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى في الإِبهامِ بخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ، وفِي التى تَليها بعَشرٍ، وفِي الوُسطَى بعَشرٍ، وفِي التى تَلِى الخِنصِرَ بتِسعٍ، وفِي الخِنصِرِ بسِتٍّ (^١).\n\n١٦٣٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩١٦)، والشافعي في الرسالة ص ٤٢٢ (١١٦٠). وأخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٣٥٤) من طريق أبي العباس الأصم به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧٦٩٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٣٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"16","page":364},{"text":"أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قَضى عُمَرُ -﵁- في الأصابعِ في الإبهامِ بثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ، وفِي التى تَليها باثنَيْ عَشَرَ، وفِي الوُسطَى بعَشَرَةٍ، وفِي التى تَليها بتِسعٍ، وفِي الخِنصرِ بسِتٍّ. حَتَّى وُجِدَ كِتابٌ عِندَ آلِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ يَذكُرونَ أنَّه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وفيما هُنالِكَ مِنَ الأصابِعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ\". قال سعيدٌ: فصارَتِ الأصابعُ إلَى عَشرٍ عَشرٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ أبنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ الخَولانِيُّ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنى يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ، أن موسَى بنَ سَعدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أخبَرَه عن أبي غَطَفانَ أن ابنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: في الأصابِعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ. فأرسَلَ مَروانُ إلَيه فقالَ: أتُفتِي في الأصابِعِ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ وقَد بَلَغَكَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- في الأصابِعِ؟! فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: رَحِمَ اللهُ عُمَرَ، قَولُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أحَقُّ أن يُتَّبَعَ مِن قَولِ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩١٧). وأخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٣٥٥) من طريق جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن وهب (٥١٧) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"16","page":365},{"text":"جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن شُرَيح قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: إنَّ الأصابِعَ سَواءٌ (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن مَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-.\n\n١٦٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى القُرَشِيِّ، عن مَكحولٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَى الأجنادِ: في كُل قَصَبَةٍ قُطِعَت مِن قَصَبِ الأصابِعِ ثُلُثُ عَقلِ الإِصبَعِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٧٢ - ورُوَى حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ عن مَكحولٍ عن زَيدٍ قال: في الأصابِعِ في كُلِّ مَفصِلٍ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ، إلَّا الإِبهامَ فإِنَّ فيها نِصفَ الدّيَةِ؛ لأنَّ فيها مَفصِلَينِ. أنبأنيه أبو عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ، عن حَجّاجٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3504>بابُ الصَّحيحِ يُصيبُ عَيَن الأعوَرِ، والأعوَرِ يُصيبُ عَيَنَ الصحيحِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: كان في كِتابِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ حينَ بَعَثَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٠٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٠٨) عن ابن جريج عن سليمان بن موسى قال: في كتاب عمر بن عبد العزيز.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٣٦).","vol":"16","page":366},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى نَجرانَ: \"في كُلِّ سِنٍّ خَمسٌ مِنَ الإبِل، وفِي الأصابعِ في كُلِّ ما هُنالِكَ عَشرٌ عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِل، وفِي الأُذُنِ خَمسونَ، وفِي العَينِ خَمسونَ، وفِي الرِّجلِ خَمسونَ، وفِي الأنفِ إذا استُؤصِلَ المارِنُ الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً، وفِي المأمومَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْس، وفِي الجائفَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْسِ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لا يَجوزُ أن يُقالَ: في عَينِ الأعوَرِ الدّيَةُ، وإِنَّما قَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في العَينِ بخَمسينَ وهِيَ نِصفُ ديَةٍ، وعَينُ الأعوَرِ لا تَعدو أن تَكونَ عَينًا (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن مَسروقٍ في الأعوَرِ تُصابُ عَينُه الصَّحيحَةُ فقالَ: ما أنا فقأتُ عَينَه. أنا أدِي قَتيلَ اللهِ؟! فيها نِصفُ الدّيَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ (^٤) -\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٨٣) من طريق محمد بن عمارة به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٦٣١٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٢٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٥٠) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) في س: \"معقل\".","vol":"16","page":367},{"text":"كَذا قال - في أعوَرَ فقأ عَينَ صَحيحٍ قال: العَينُ بالعَينِ (^١).\n\n١٦٣٧٦ - وأمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَن، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يقولُ في الأعوَرِ إذا فُقِئَت عَينُه قال: إن شاءَ أخَذَ الدّيَةَ كامِلًا، وإن شاءَ أخَذَ نِصفَ الدّيَةِ وفَقأ بالأُخرَى إحدَى عَينَىِ الفاقِئَ (^٢).\nوروَاه أيضًا قَتادَةُ عن خِلاسٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^٣).\nورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، وهو مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٦٣٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدئنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَضَى في أعوَرَ فُقِئَت عَينُه أن له الدّيَةَ كامِلَةً.\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ مِثلَه.\n\n١٦٣٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدئنا أبو العباس، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: في عَينِ الأعوَرِ إذا فُقِئَت عَينُه الباقيَةُ عَمدًا القَوَدُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٥٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٨٤: مرسل.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٣٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٤٣) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"16","page":368},{"text":"لا يُزادُ أن يُقادَ بها عَينًا مِثلَها، فإِن قبِلَ فيها العَقلَ ففيها الدّيَةُ تامَّةً (^١)؛ لأنَّها بَقيَّةُ بَصَرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٧٩ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ واستُفتِيَ في الرَّجُلِ يَكونُ أعوَرَ ثُمَّ تُصابُ عَينُه الأُخرَى فقالَ: له الدّيَةُ.\n\n١٦٣٨٠ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي يونُسُ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال في أعوَرَ فقأ عَينَ رَجُلٍ صحيحٍ قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: قَضى اللهُ في كِتابِه أن العَينَ بالعَينِ؛ فعَينُه قَوَدٌ وإِن كان بَقيَّةَ بَصرِهِ.\n\n١٦٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروف، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن عبد رَبِّه، عن أبي عياضٍ، أن عثمان بنَ عَفّان - ﵁ - رُفِعَ إلَيه أعوَرُ فقأ عَينَ صَحيحٍ فلَم يَقتَصَّ مِنه، وقَضَى فيه بالدّيَةِ كامِلَةً (^٣).\nقال ﵀: ظاهِرُ الكِتابِ يَدُلُّ على أن العَينَ بالعَين، وظاهِرُ السُّنَّةِ يَدُلُّ على أن في إحْداهما (^٤) نِصفَ الدّيَةِ ولَم يُفَرِّقْ، فهو أولَى واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"كاملة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٤٨) من طريق آخر عن قتادة عن سعيد مختصرًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٤٢) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أحدها\".","vol":"16","page":369},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّه، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مجلَزٍ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ عن الأعوَرِ تُفقأُ عَينُه، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بن صَفوانَ: قَضَى فيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بالدّيَةِ. فقُلتُ: إنَّما أسألُ ابنَ عُمَرَ. فقالَ: أوَلَيسَ يُحَدِّثُكُم عن عُمَرَ؟ (^١)\nظاهِرُ هذا أنَّه حَكَمَ فيه بجَميعِ الدّيَة، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه حَكَمَ فيها بديَتِها، وظاهِرُه أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان لا يقولُ فيها بوُجوبِ جَميعِ الدّيَةِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3505>بابُ ما جاءَ في كسرِ الصُّلبِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بن موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه: \"وفي الصُّلبِ الدّيَةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أخبَرَه أن السُّنَّةَ مَضَت في العَقلِ بأنَّ في الصُّلبِ الدّيَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٩٩٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٤١، ٢٧٤٤٥) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٣٦، ١٦٢٧٣).\n(^٣) موطأ ابن وهب (٥١١).","vol":"16","page":370},{"text":"١٦٣٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا المحارِبِيُّ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: بَلَغَنا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"في الصُّلبِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3506>بابُ ما جاءَ في ديَةِ المرأةِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشَّعيرِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمِشُ بن عِصامٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن بكرِ بنِ خُنَيسٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ، عن ابنِ غَنمٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ديَةُ المرأةِ على النِّصفِ مِن ديَةِ الرَّجُلِ\".\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ وفيه ضَعفٌ.\n\n١٦٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، وعن مَكحولٍ وعَطاءٍ قالوا: أدرَكنا النّاسَ على أن ديَةَ المُسلِمِ الحُرِّ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإبِل، فقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - تِلكَ الدّيَةَ على أهلِ القُرَى ألفَ دينارٍ أوِ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، وديَةُ الحُرَّةِ المُسلِمَةِ إذا كانَت مِن أهلِ القُرَى خَمسُمِائَةِ دينارٍ أو سِتَّةُ آلافِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٠١) من طريق أشعث به. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٢٦٣) عن ابن الهاد عن الزهري.","vol":"16","page":371},{"text":"دِرهَمٍ، فإِذا كان الذِي أصابَها مِنَ الأعرابِ فديَتُها خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِل، وديَةُ الأعرابيَّةِ إذا أصابَها الأعرابِيُّ خَمسونَ مِنَ الإبِل، لا يُكَلَّفُ الأعرابِيُّ الذَّهَبَ ولا الوَرِقَ (^١).\n\n١٦٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا أوطأ امرأةً بمَكَّةَ، فقَضَى فيها عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بثَمانيَةِ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ؛ ديَةٌ وثُلُثٌ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀. ذَهَبَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - إلَى التَّغليظِ لِقَتلِها في الحَرَمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3507>بابُ ما جاءَ في جِراحِ المَرأةِ</span>\n\n١٦٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ وابنِ أبي لَيلَى وزَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِيّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: جِراحاتُ النِّساءِ على النِّصفِ مِن ديَةِ الرَّجُلِ فيما قَلَّ وكَثُرَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَن، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٨٠٨٣)، وفي المعرفة (٤٩١٩)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٥٣٧) من طريق أبي العباس به. وتقدم في (١٦٢٤٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٧٧). والشافعى ٦/ ١٠٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٠٦٠) عن ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٠٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٤٧) من طريق زكريا وابن أبي ليلى به.","vol":"16","page":372},{"text":"أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: عَقلُ المَرأةِ على النِّصفِ مِن عَقلِ الرَّجُلِ في النَّفسِ وفيما دونَها (^١).\n\n١٦٣٩١ - وعن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ قال: أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أبانٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵄ - أنَّهُما قالا: عَقلُ المَرأةِ على النِّصفِ مِن ديَةِ الرَّجُلِ في النَّفسِ وفيما دونَها (^٢).\nحَديثُ إبراهيمَ مُنقَطِعٌ، إلَّا أنَّه يُؤَكِّدُ رِوايَةَ الشَّعبِيِّ.\n\n١٦٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكر أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرٌو، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَم، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: جِراحاتُ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ سَواءٌ إلَى الثُّلُت، فما زادَ فعَلَى النِّصفِ. وقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: إلَّا السِّنَّ والموضِحَةَ فإِنَّها سَواءٌ وما زادَ فعَلَى النِّصفِ. وقالَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: على النِّصفِ في كُلِّ شَئٍ. قال: وكانَ قَولُ عليٍّ - ﵁ - أعجَبَها إلَى الشَّعبِيِّ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ العُمَرِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣١١، ومحمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ٤/ ٢٧٨، وأبو حنيفة كما في جامع المسانيد للخوارزمى ٢/ ١٨٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٢٠)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣١١، ومحمد بن الحسن في الحجة على أهل المدينة ٤/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٢٧).","vol":"16","page":373},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ وابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ -، وكِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ (^١).\nورَواه شَقيقٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ وهو مَوصولٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهب، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ وأُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ وسُفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ أنَّه سألَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ: كَم في إصبَعِ المَرأةِ؟ قال: عَشرٌ. قال: كَم في اثنَتَينِ؟ قال: عِشرونَ. قال: كَم في ثَلاثٍ؟ قال: ثَلاثونَ. قال: كَم في أربَعٍ؟ قال: عِشرونَ. قالَ رَبيعَةُ: حينَ عَظُمَ جُرحُها واشتَدَّت مُصيبَتُها نَقَصَ عَقلُها؟! قال: أعِراقِيٌّ أنتَ؟ قال رَبيعَةُ: عالِمٌ مُتَثَبِّتٌ أو جاهِلٌ مُتَعَلِّمٌ. قال: يا ابنَ أخِي إنَّها السُّنَّةُ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لما قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: هِيَ السُّنَّةُ. أشبَهَ أن يَكونَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أو عن عامَّةٍ مِن أصحابِه، ولَم يُشبِهْ زيدٌ (^٤) أن يَقولَ هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٦٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم به، وليس عند ابن أبي شيبة قول زيد بن ثابت.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٧، والمصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٣) من طريق شقيق به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢١) وابن وهب (٤٩٥)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦٠. وأخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٣٥٨) من طريق أبي العباس به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧٧٤٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٥٤) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"زيدًا\".","vol":"16","page":374},{"text":"مِن جِهَةِ الرّأيِ؛ لأنَّه لا يَحمِلُه الرّأيُ، ولا يَكونُ فيما قال سعيدٌ: السُّنَّةُ. إذا كان يُخالِفُ القياسَ والعَقلَ إلَّا عِلمُ اتِّباعٍ فيما نُرَى واللَّهُ أعلمُ، وقَد كُنّا نَقولُ به على هذا المَعنَى ثُمَّ وقَفتُ عنه، وأسألُ اللَّهَ الخيَرَةَ مِن قِبَلِ أنّا قَد نَجِدُ مِنهُم مَن يقولُ: السُّنَّةُ. ثُمَّ لا نَجِدُ لِقَولِه: السُّنَّةُ. نَفاذًا بأنَّها عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، والقياسُ أولَى بنا فيها. قال: ولا يَثبُتُ عن زَيدٍ إلَّا كَثُبوتِه عن عليٍّ - ﷺ - (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِيَ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﷺ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بإِسنادٍ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه، وعن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ مِثلُ قَولِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، وهو قَولُ الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ.\n\n١٦٣٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَردَستانِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ ببُخارَى، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بخَمسٍ مِن صوافِي الأُمَراءِ؛ أن الأسنانَ سَواءٌ، والأصابعَ سَواءٌ، وفِي عَينِ الدّابَّةِ رُبُعُ ثَمَنِها، وأنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُسألُ عِندَ مَوتِه عن ولَدِه فأصدَقُ ما يَكونُ عِندَ مَوتِه، وجِراحَةُ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ سَواءٌ إلَى الثُّلُثِ مِن ديَةِ الرَّجُلِ (^٢). جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٣)، وقَد خولِفَ في لَفظِه وحُكمِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣١٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٤٨، ١٨٤١٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).","vol":"16","page":375},{"text":"١٦٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان فيما جاءَ به عُروَةُ البارِقِيُّ إلَى شُرَيحٍ مِن عِندِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أن الأصابعَ سَواءٌ؛ الخِنصِرَ والإبهامَ، وأنَّ جُرحَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ سَواءٌ في السِّنِّ والموضِحَة، وما خَلا ذَلِكَ فعَلَى النِّصف، وأنَّ في عَينِ الدّابَّةِ رُبُعَ ثَمَنِها، وأنَّ أحَقَّ أحوالِ الرَّجُلِ أن يُصَدَّقَ عَلَيها عِندَ مَوتِه في ولَدِه إذا أقَرَّ به. قال مُغيرَةُ: ونَسيتُ الخامِسَةَ حَتَّى ذَكَّرَنِي عُبَيدَةُ، أن الرَّجُلَ إذا طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثَلاثًا ورِثَته ما دامَت في العِدَّةِ (^١). وفِي هذا انقِطاعٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3508>بابُ حَلَمَتَيِ الثَّديَيِن</span>\n\n١٦٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابن شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: في ثَديِ المَرأةِ نِصفُ الدّيَة، وفيهِما الدّيَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٣٩٧ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي يونُسُ، عن رَبيعَةَ أنّه قال: في ثَديِ المَرأةِ سِدادٌ لِصَدرِها وثِمالٌ (^٣) لِوَلَدِها، وهو بمَنزِلَةِ المالِ في الغِنَى، وبِمَنزِلَةِ الأثاثِ في الجَمال، وبِمَنزِلَةِ الجُرحِ الشَّديدِ في المُصيبَة، فأرَى فيه نِصفَ ديَةِ المَرأةِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٢٥٩، ١٩٢٩٦، ٢٧٣٩٥، ٢٧٤١٢، ٢٧٨٤٦، ٢٧٩٤٥) من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٢٤).\n(^٣) الثمال: العصمة والغياث. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٢.","vol":"16","page":376},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ والنَّخَعِيِّ نَحوَ قَولِ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^١).\nوعن النَّخَعِيِّ: في ثَديَيِ (^٢) الرَّجُلِ حُكمُ العَدلِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3509>بابُ ديَةِ الذَّكَرِ والأُنثَيَيِن</span>\n\n١٦٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بن موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَمزَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه: \"وفِي البَيضَتَينِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: وفِي الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةُ، وفِي إحدَى البَيضتَينِ النِّصفُ (^٥).\nورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: في الحَشَفَةِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٩٠، ١٧٥٩١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦١٢، ٢٧٦١٣، ٢٧٦١٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ثدى\".\n(^٣) مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٥٨٧، ١٧٥٨٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦١٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٣٦، ١٦٢٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٣٥، ١٧٦٤٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٢٥، ٢٧٥٨٠ - ٢٧٥٨٢)، وأحمد (١٧٥٨ - مسائل عبد الله) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"16","page":377},{"text":"الدّيَةُ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهاب أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أخبَرَه أن السُّنَّةَ مَضَت في العَقلِ بأنَّ في الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةَ، وفِي الأُنثَيَينِ الدّيَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٠١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عياضُ بن عبد اللهِ الفِهرِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يقولُ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ بأنَّ في الذَّكَرِ الدّيَةَ، وفِي الأُنثَيَينِ الدّيَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، عن الحَجّاج، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال في البَيضَتَينِ: هُما سَواءٌ. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ ونَحنُ نَطوفُ بالبَيتِ فقُلتُ (^٤): العَجَبُ لِمَن يُفَضِّلُ إحدَى البَيضَتَينِ على الأُخرَى، وقَد خَصَينا غَنَمًا لَنا مِنَ الجانِبِ الأيسَرِ فألقَحنَ مِنَ الجانِبِ الأيمَنِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٣٦، ٢٧٥٤٢) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) موطأ ابن وهب (٥١١). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٤٧) عن سعيد به.\n(^٣) موطأ ابن وهب (٥١٣).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ، وفي المهذب: \"فقال\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٨٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، دون قوله لعمرو. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة =","vol":"16","page":378},{"text":"١٦٤٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: في اليُسرَى مِنَ البَيضَتَينِ ثُلُثا الدّيَةِ؛ لأنَّ الوَلَدَ مِنَ اليُسرَى، وفِي اليُمنَى ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بن هَمّامٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: في البَيضَتَينِ الدّيَةُ وافيَةً؛ خَمسونَ خَمسونَ في كُلِّ بَيضَةٍ. قال: قُلتُ: حَفِظتَ مِنه أنَّه يُفَضِّلُ بَينَهُما؟ قال: لا (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٠٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: البَيضَتانِ؟ قال: فيهِما خَمسونَ خَمسونَ في كُلِّ بَيضَةٍ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن مَسروقٍ وعُروَةَ والحَسَنِ والنَّخَعِيِّ والزُّهرِيِّ: هُما سَواءٌ (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بن مينا قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: في الأنفِ إذا أُوعِيَ جَدْعًا (^٥) أو قُطِعَت أرنَبَتُه الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً، والذَّكَرُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n= في الموضع السابق من طريق حجاج عن عمرو به بلفظ: البيضتان سواء.\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٦٥٣) مختصرًا. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٨٧) من طريق آخر عن سعيد بنحوه.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٤٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٨٣، ٢٧٥٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٦٥٢) بسنده عن إبراهيم النخعي. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٨٢، ٢٧٥٨٨) بسنده عن عروة والنخعي.\n(^٥) أي: جدع أنفه كله. التاج ٤٠/ ٢١٥ (وع ئ).","vol":"16","page":379},{"text":"إن قُطِعَ كُلُّه أو قُطِعَت حَشَفَتُه. ويَجعَلونَ في الأُنثَيَينِ الدّيَةَ، وفِي أيَّتِهِما أُصيبَت نِصفَ الدّيَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3510>بابُ اجتِماعِ الجِراحاتِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَستانِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عَوفٌ الأعرابِيُّ قال: لَقِيتُ شَيخًا في زَمانِ الجَماجِمِ (^١) فسألتُ عنه فقيلَ: ذاكَ أبو المُهَلَّبِ عَمُّ أبي قِلابَةَ. قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: رَمَى رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا بحَجَرٍ في رأسِه في زَمانِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ - ﵁ - فذَهَبَ سَمعُه وعَقلُه ولِسانُه وذَكَرُه، فقَضَى فيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أربَعَ ديَاتٍ وهو حَيٌّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3511>بابُ ما جاءَ في العَينِ القائمَةِ واليَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: في العَينِ القائمَةِ والسِّنِّ السَّوداءِ واليَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ ثُلُثُ ديَتِها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الجماجم: وقعة دير الجماجم التي كانت بين ابن الأشعث والحجاج بالعراق. قيل: سمى به لأنه بُني من جماجم القتلى لكثرة من قتل به، وقتل الكثير من قراء المسلمين وساداتهم. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٦٣٠٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٤١)، وابن أبي شيبه (٢٧٤٩٢، ٢٧٥٠٠، ٢٧٥٤٦) - وعنه ابن أبي عاصم =","vol":"16","page":380},{"text":"١٦٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قَضى في العَينِ القائمَةِ إذا طُفِئَت - أو قال: بُخِقَت (^١) - بمائَةِ دينارٍ (^٢).\nقال مالكٌ: لَيسَ على هذا العَمَلُ، إنَّما فيها الاجتِهادُ، لا شَئٌ مُؤَقَّتٌ (^٣).\nوقَد يَحتَمِلُ قَولُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ - ﵁ - أن يَكونَ اجتَهَدَ فيها فرأى الاجتِهادَ فيها قَدرَ خُمُسِها.\nويَحتَمِلُ قَولُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - ما (^٤) احتَمَلَ قَولُ زَيدٍ.\nورُوّينا عن مَسروقٍ أنَّه قال: في العَينِ العَوراءِ حُكمٌ، وفي اليَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ حُكمٌ، وفِي لِسانِ الأخرَسِ حُكمٌ (^٥).\nوعن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال: في العَينِ القائمَةِ واليَدِ الشَّلَّاءِ ولِسانِ الأخرَسِ حُكومَةُ عَدلٍ (^٦).\n_________\n= في الديات (٢٣٨) - من طريق قتادة به.\n(^١) البخق: أن تخسف العين بعد العور. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٤). والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٥، ومالك ٢/ ٨٥٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٤٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٩٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به وبنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر المدونة ٤/ ٥٧٠، والأم ٧/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"بما\".\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٥١)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٩٩، ٢٧٥٤٣، ٢٧٥٨٩).\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٧٧١٧)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٤٩٧، ٢٧٥٤٨، ٢٧٥٩١).","vol":"16","page":381},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3512>بابُ ما جاءَ في الحاجِبَيِن واللِّحيَةِ والرأسِ</span>\n\n١٦٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهب، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قال: قَضَى أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في الحاجِبِ إذا أُصيبَ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ شَعَرُه بمُوضِحَتَينِ؛ عَشرٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^١). قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لِي مالكٌ: فيهِما الاجتِهادُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه قَضَى في الحاجِبَينِ إذا أُصيبا بإيضاحٍ بأرْشِ موضِحَتَينِ أو بحُكومَةٍ بَلَغَت هذا المِقدارَ، مَعَ أن الحديثَ مُنقَطِعٌ لا حُجَّةَ فيهِ.\n\n١٦٤١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: في الشَّعَرِ إذا لَم يَنبُتِ الدّيَةُ (^٣). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، والحَجّاجُ بن أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٤).\nقال ابنُ المُنذِرِ: ورُوّينا عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: في الحاجِبِ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٨٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٩٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) ينظر المدونة ٤/ ٥٦٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٩٨) عن أبي معاوية به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٩٣).","vol":"16","page":382},{"text":"قال ابنُ المُنذِرِ في الشَّعَرِ يُجنَى عَلَيه فلا يَنبُتُ: رُوِّينا عن عليٍّ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّهُما قالا: فيه الدّيَةُ (^١). قال: ولا يَثبُتُ عن عليٍّ وزَيدٍ ما رُوِيَ عَنهُما.\n\n١٦٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سألتُ عَطاءً عن الحاجِبِ يُشانُ قال: ما سَمِعتُ فيه بشَئٍ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فيه حُكومَةٌ بقَدرِ الشَّيْنِ والألَمِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤١٣ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: حَلقُ الرأسِ له نَذرٌ؟ فقالَ: لَم أعلَمْ. قال الرَّبيعُ: النَّذرُ والقَدرُ واحِدٌ (^٤). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فيه حُكومَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3513>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّرقُوَةِ والضِّلَعِ</span>\n\n١٦٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ وهِشامُ بن سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٢٩٧، ٢٧٢٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٧٨) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٢٣.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٦)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٣٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٠٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"16","page":383},{"text":"أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَضَى في الضِّرسِ بجَمَلٍ، وفِي التَّرقُوَةِ بجَمَلٍ، وفِي الضِّلَعِ بجَمَلٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: في الأضراسِ خَمسٌ خَمسٌ؛ لِما جاءَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"في السِّنِّ خَمسٌ\". وكانَتِ الضِّرسُ سِنًّا. وأنا أقولُ بقَولِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - في التَّرقُوَةِ والضِّلَعِ؛ لأنَّه لَم يُخالِفْه أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيما عَلِمتُه، فلَم أرَ أن أذهَبَ إلَى رأيٍ فأُخالِفَه به (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِلَى هذا ذَهَبَ سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ (^٣)، وقالَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ الجِراحِ: يُشبِهُ - واللهُ أعلمُ - أن يَكونَ ما حُكِيَ عن عُمَرَ فيما وصَفتُ حُكومَةً لا تَوقيتَ عَقلٍ؛ ففِي كُلِّ عَظمٍ كُسِرَ مِن إنسانٍ غَيرِ السِّنِّ حُكومَةٌ، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنها أرشٌ مَعلومٌ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3514>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَسرِ الذِّراعِ والسّاقِ</span>\n\n١٦٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيَّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٧)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٥، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٤٩٦، ١٧٦٠٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٨١، ٢٧٥٧٤) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٥، وينظر ٧/ ٣١٧.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٣٨٣، ٢٧٥٧٦، ٢٧٥٧٩).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ٨٠.","vol":"16","page":384},{"text":"عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ القُرَشِيِّ، عن بشرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، أن عُمَرَ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال في الذِّراعِ إذا كُسِرَ: مِائَتَيْ (^١) دِرهَمٍ.\nورُوِيَ عن رَجُلٍ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: إذا كُسِرَتِ السّاقُ أوِ الذِّراعُ ففيها عِشرونَ دينارًا أو حِقَّتانِ. يَعنِي: إذا بَرِئَت على غَيرِ عَثْمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ الأصبهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي غَنيَّةَ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ المُحتَفِزِ الأعرابِيّ، عن الكاسِرِ (^٣) أنَّه كَسَرَ ساقَ رَجُلٍ، فقَضَى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بثَمانٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: اختِلافُ هذه الرِّواياتِ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه قَضَى فيه بحُكومَةٍ بَلَغَت هذا المِقدارَ.\n\n١٦٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الجَبّار،\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالأصل، س، م، وفي ص ٨، والمهذب: \"مائتا\".\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٢٦، ١٧٧٢٩) بسنده عن عمر بمعناه.\n(^٢) العثم: أن ينجبر على غير استواء، يقال: عثَمَت يدُ الرجل تعثُم وعثمتها أنا ... وذلك إذا جبرتها ولم تحكم فبقيت في العظم عقدة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٦٣١.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٢٧) بسنده عن رجل عن عمر، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٥٥١) بسنده عن عمر.\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٠٣. وفيه: عن أغر أبي الكاسر.","vol":"16","page":385},{"text":"عن ابنِ شِهابٍ ورَبيعَةَ وابنِ أبي فروَةَ، عن كِتابِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ وكِتابِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ ويَقولونَ: لَم يَجعَلْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في كَسرِ اليَدِ في الخَطأَ إلَّا جُعلَ الجابِر، وإِن هِيَ استَوَت وفيها عَثْمٌ أو شَئٌ أُقيمَت قيمَةً ثُمَّ غَرِمَها الَّذِي كَسَرَها.\n\n١٦٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بن مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، أن أباه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائنا الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم يَقولونَ: كُلُّ عَظمٍ كُسِرَ خَطأً ثُمَّ جُبِرَ مُستَويًا غَيرَ مَنقوصٍ ولا مَعيبٍ، فلَيسَ في ذَلِكَ إلَّا عَطاءُ المُداوِي وشِبهُ ذَلِكَ، فإِن جُبِرَ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ وبِه عَيبٌ أو نَقصٌ فإِنَّه بقَدرِ (^١) شَينِ ذَلِكَ وعَيبِه، يُقِيمُ ذَلِكَ أهلُ البَصَرِ والعَقل، ثُمَّ يُعقَلُ على قَدرِ ما يَرَونَ، وكَذَلِكَ قالوا في الشَّجَّةِ المِلْطَى (^٢) وفي كُلِّ جُرحٍ في الجَسَدِ إذا بَرأ ولَيسَ به عَيبٌ لا يَرَونَ في ذَلِكَ إلَّا عَطاءَ المُداوِي وشِبهَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3515>بابُ دِيَةِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ</span>\nفي رِوايَةِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن عبد اللهِ ومُحَمَّدٍ ابنَي أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيهِما، عن جَدِّهِما، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الكِتابِ الَّذِي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، والمهذب: \"يقدر\".\n(^٢) في م: \"الملطاء\". وهما بمعنى الملطاة، وتقدم تفسير المصنف لها عقب (١٦٢٩٣). وينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ٢٧٤.","vol":"16","page":386},{"text":"كَتَبَه لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ: \"وفِي النَّفسِ المُؤمِنَةِ مِائَةٌ (^١) مِنَ الإبِلِ\".\n\n١٦٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا فُضيلُ بن عياضٍ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِر، عن ثابِتٍ الحَدّاد، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَضى في ديَةِ اليَهودِيِّ والنَّصرانِيِّ بأربَعَةِ آلافٍ، وفِي ديَةِ المَجوسِيِّ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: أرسَلْنا إلَى سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ نَسألُه عن ديَةِ المُعاهَدِ فقالَ: قَضى فيه عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - بأربَعَةِ آلافٍ. قال: فقُلنا: فمَن قَبلَه؟ قال: فحَصبَنا (^٣). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: هُمُ الَّذينَ سألوه آخِرًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"مائة\".\nوالحديث أخرجه المروزى في السنة (٢٣٦) من طريق أبي أويس له. وتقدم في (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٢٩)، وفي الصغرى (٣١٢٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٢٤. وأحمد في العلل (١٥٠٧)، وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٦، ١٧٠ من طريق منصور به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠٢٢١، ١٨٤٧٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٠٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٣٢، ٣٣٣ من طريق ثابت الحداد (أبي المقدام) به. وعند عبد الرزاق مقتصرًا على دية اليهودى والنصرانى. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٩١: ومَن ثابت الحداد؟\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٣٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٢٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٠٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١١/ ٣١٧ من طريق سفيان به وبنحوه. وعند المصنف بلفظ: فمن قتله. وعند الشافعي: فحسبنا.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٢٤.","vol":"16","page":387},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عفَّانَ - ﵁ - بخِلافِه، وهو عنه بإِسنادَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ، والآخَرُ مُنقَطِعٌ قَد ذَكَرناهُما في بابِ لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن موسَى بنِ الفَضل، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبي المِقدام، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ - ﵁ - قَضَى في ديَةِ المَجوسِيِّ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٢٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: ديَةُ المَجوسِيِّ ثَمانُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٢٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بذَلِكَ، قال: والمَجوسيَّةِ أربَعُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٢٤ - قال: وقالَ لِي مالكٌ مِثلَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٠٢٧، ١٦٠٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٠٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٣٣، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٦ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٢١٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٠٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٣٤ من طرق أخرى عن عطاء به مطولًا.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠٢١٤، ١٠٢١٥).\n(^٥) ينظر الموطأ ٢/ ٨٦٤.","vol":"16","page":388},{"text":"١٦٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عَليًّا وابنَ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ - كانا يَقولانِ: في ديَةِ المَجوسِيِّ ثَمانُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ له مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٦٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عيسَى بن أحمدَ الصَّدَفِيُّ، حدثنا عَلّانُ بن المُغيرَة، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ديَةُ المَجوسِيِّ ثَمانُمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو صالِحٍ كاتِبُ اللَّيث، والأوَّلُ أشبَهُ أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٤٢٧ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَقلُ الكافِرِ نِصفُ عَقلِ المُؤمِنِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٣٠)، وفي المعرفة عقب (٤٩٣٠).\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥٢٤. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٩١: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥٠٦)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (١٤١٣)، والنسائي (٤٨٢١). وقال الترمذي: حسن.","vol":"16","page":389},{"text":"١٦٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضر، حدثنا محمدُ بن راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ عَقلَ أهلِ الكِتابَينِ نِصفُ عَقلِ المُسلِمينَ، وهُمُ (^١) اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَكيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عثمانَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كانَت قيمَةُ الدّيَةِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَمانَمِائَةِ دينارٍ بثَمانيَةِ (^٣) آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، وديَةُ أهلِ الكِتابِ يَومَئذٍ النِّصفُ مِن ديَةِ المُسلِمينَ. قال: فكانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، فذَكَرَ خُطبَتَه في رَفعِ الدّيَةِ حينَ غَلَتِ الإبِلُ. قال: وتَرَكَ ديَةَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَم يَرفَعْها فيما رَفَعَ مِنَ الدّيَةِ (^٤).\nفيَحتَمِلُ أن يكونَ، واللهُ أعلمُ، أن يَكونَ قَولُه: على النِّصفِ مِن ديَةِ المُسلِمِ. راجِعًا إلَى ثَمانيَةِ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، فتَكونَ ديَتُه في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أربَعَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"هو\". وضبب عليها. وينظر المهذب ٦/ ٣١٩١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٧١٦) عن أبي النضر به. والنسائي (٤٨٢٠) من طريق محمد بن راشد به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٤٤) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٠١١). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢١٣٩).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، والمهذب: \"ثمانية\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٢٥٥).","vol":"16","page":390},{"text":"آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، فلَم يَرفَعْها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فيما رَفَعَ مِنَ الدّيَةِ؛ عِلمًا مِنه بأنَّها في أهلِ الكِتابِ تَوقيتٌ وفي أهلِ الإِسلامِ تَقويمٌ.\nوالَّذِي يُؤَكِّدُ هذا ما:\n\n١٦٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن شُعَيبٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرَضَ على كُلِّ مسلمٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ أَربَعَةَ آلافٍ (^١).\nوأمّا الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بن، عبدِ اللهِ العَنبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عيسَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي سَعدٍ البَقّال، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ديَةَ العامِريَّينِ ديَةَ الحُرِّ المُسلِم، وكانَ لَهُما عَهدٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٣٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ يَعنِي العباسَ بنَ الفَضل، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٢٧)، وفي المعرفة (٤٩٣٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٧٤) - ومن طريقه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٥ - عن ابن جريج به. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٤/ ٣٦٥: وهو معضل.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٠٤) من طريق أبي بكر بن عياش به وقال: غريب.","vol":"16","page":391},{"text":"حدثنا أبو بكرٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ديَةَ المُعاهَدَينِ ديَةَ المُسلِمِ (^١). أبو سَعدٍ هذا سعيدُ بن المَرزُبانِ البَقّالُ، لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٢)، ثُمَّ ظاهِرُه يوجِبُ أن يَكونَ كَحِديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٤٣٣ - ورَواه الحَسَنُ بن عُمارَةَ عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ودَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلَينِ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ - وكانا مِنه في عَهدٍ - ديَةَ الحُرَّينِ المُسلِمَينِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُغيرَة، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن الحَكَمِ العُرَنِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عُمارَةَ. فذَكَرَه. والحَسَنُ بن عُمارَةَ مَتروكٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\nوأمّا الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يَحيَى الحُلوانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أخبرَنا أبو كُرزٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ديَةُ ذِمِّيٍّ ديَةُ مسلمٌ\" (^٤). وقالَ غَيرُه: عن عليِّ بنِ الجَعدِ: ودَى ذِمّيًّا ديَةَ مُسلِمٍ (^٥).\nفأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ: أبو كُرزٍ هذا مَتروكُ الحَديث، ولَم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧١ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به، وفيه: دية العامريين.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٠٨٤).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٩١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٤٥ من طريق الحلوانى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٢٩ من طريق علي بن الجعد به.","vol":"16","page":392},{"text":"يَروِه عن نافِعٍ غَيرُه. قال: واسمُه عبدُ اللهِ بن عبد المَلِكِ الفِهرِيُّ (^١).\nوأمّا الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: كانَت ديَةُ اليَهودِيِّ والنَّصرانِيِّ في زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ديَةِ المُسلِم، وأبِي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ -، فلَمّا كان مُعاويَةُ أعطَى أهلَ المَقتولِ النِّصفَ، وألقَى النِّصفَ في بَيتِ المال، قال: ثُمَّ قَضَى عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ في النِّصف، وألقَى ما كان جَعَلَ مُعاويَةُ (^٢).\nفقَد رَدَّه الشّافِعِيُّ بكَونِه مُرسَلًا، وبِأنَّ الزُّهرِيَّ قَبيحُ المُرسَلِ، وأنّا رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵄ - ما هو أصَحُّ مِنه (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - قال: مَن كان له عَهدٌ أو ذِمَّةٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٣٦)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عروبة في الأوائل (١٢٨) من طريق ابن عون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٤٩١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٢٩، والطحاوى في شرح مشكل الآثار ١١/ ٣٢٢، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٢٩ من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤.","vol":"16","page":393},{"text":"فديَتُه ديَةُ المُسلِمِ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3516>بابُ جِراحَةِ العَبدِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: عَقلُ العَبدِ في ثَمَنِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن حَسّانَ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ واللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: عَقلُ العَبدِ في ثَمَنِه مِثلُ عَقلِ الحُرِّ في ديَتِهِ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ رِجالٌ يَقولونَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ، إنَّما هو سِلعَةٌ يُقَوَّمُ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ.\n\n١٦٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٣٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٩٤) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٣٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٧١) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٤٠)، وفي الصغرى (٣١٣٤، ٣١٣٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٤. وأخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٦/ ٣٦٨ من طريق ابن وهب متقصرًا على قول الزهري. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٧٢) من طريق الزهري بنحوه.","vol":"16","page":394},{"text":"بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ جابِرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: إذا شُجَّ العَبدُ مُوضِحَةً فلَه فيها نِصفُ عُشرِ ثَمَنِهِ. وقالَ ذَلِكَ سُلَيمانُ بن يَسارٍ (^١)، وهَذا مَعنَى قَولِ شُرَيحٍ والشَّعبِيِّ والنَّخَعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3517>بابُ مَن قال: لا تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ عَمدًا ولا عبدًا ولا صُلحًا ولا اعتِرافًا</span>\n\n١٦٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سَلمُ بن جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ حُسَينٍ أبي مالكٍ النَّخَعِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي السَّفَر، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: العَمدُ والعَبدُ والصُّلحُ والاعتِرافُ لا تَعقِلُه العاقِلَةُ (^٣). كَذا قال: عن عامِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ. وهو عن عُمَرَ مُنقَطِعٌ، والمَحفوظُ عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ مِن قَولِهِ:\n\n١٦٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: لا تَعقِلُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥٠١)، وعنه سحنون في المدونة ٦/ ٣٦٩. وأخرجه مالك ٢/ ٨٦٢ عن سعيد وسليمان به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٦٦٧ - ٢٧٦٧٠).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٧. وأخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٤٢) من طريق وكيع به. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٩٣: أبو مالك ضعفوه.","vol":"16","page":395},{"text":"العاقِلَةُ عَمدًا ولا عبدًا ولا صُلحًا ولا اعتِرافًا (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَدِ اختَلَفوا في تأويلِ قَولِه: ولا عبدًا. فقالَ لِي محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ: إنَّما مَعناه أن يَقتُلَ العَبدُ حُرًّا. يقولُ: فلَيسَ على عاقِلَةِ مَولاه شَئٌ مِن جِنايَةِ عبدِه، وِإنَّما جِنايَتُه في رَقَبَتِه. واحتَجَّ في ذَلِكَ بشَئٍ رَواه عن ابنِ عباسٍ؛ قال محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا تَعقِلُ العاقِلَةُ عَمدًا ولا صُلحًا ولا اعتِرافًا ولا ما جَنَى المَملوكُ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقالَ ابنُ أبي لَيلَى: إنَّما مَعناه أن يَكونَ العَبدُ يُجنَى عَلَيه يقولُ: فلَيسَ على عاقِلَةِ الجانِي شَئُ، إنَّما ثَمَنُه في مالِه خاصَّةً. وإِلَيه ذَهَبَ الأصمَعِيُّ، ولا يَرَى فيه قَولَ غَيرِه جائزًا يَذهَبُ إلَى أنَّه لَو كان المَعنَى على ما قال، لَكانَ الكَلامُ: لا تَعقِلُ العاقِلَةُ عن عبدٍ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهو عِندِي كما قال ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، وعَلَيه كَلامُ العَرَبِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذا القَولُ لا يَصِحُّ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، وإِنَّما يَصِحُّ عن الشَّعبِيّ، والرِّوايَةُ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ على ما حَكَى محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ.\n\n١٦٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٣٦ - ٣١٣٨)، وأبو عبيد في الغريب ٤/ ٤٤٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٧٦) عن عبد الله بن إدريس به. وعبد الرزاق (١٧٨١١)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٧٨ من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٣٧، ٣١٣٨)، وأبو عبيد في الغريب ٤/ ٤٤٥، ٤٤٦، وينظر موطأ محمد بن الحسن (٦٦٦).","vol":"16","page":396},{"text":"حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِي الثِّقَةُ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: لا تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ عَمدًا ولا صُلحًا ولا اعتِرافًا ولا ما جَنَى المَملوكُ (^١).\nقال: وقالَ ذَلِكَ اللَّيثُ: إلَّا أن تَشاءَ.\n\n١٦٤٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: لَيسَ على العاقِلَةِ عَقلُ مَن قَتَلَ العَمدَ، إلَّا أن تَشاءَ ذَلِكَ، إنَّما عَلَيهِم عَقلُ الخَطأَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٤٤ - قال: وأخبَرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أن العاقِلَةَ لا تَحمِلُ شَيئًا مِن ديَةِ العَمدِ إلَّا أن تُعينَه العاقِلَةُ عن طيبِ نَفسٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٤٥ - قال مالكٌ: وحَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال يَحيَى: ولَم أُدرِكِ النّاسَ إلَّا على ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بن مِينا قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه لوين (٩) عن ابن أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٨٦٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٧٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٨٦٥، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٨١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٨١٢) عن معمر عن الزهري بنحوه.\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٨٦٥.","vol":"16","page":397},{"text":"ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ ما كان عَمدًا ولا بصُلحٍ ولا اعتِرافٍ ولا ما جَنَى المَملوكُ، إلَّا أن يُحِبّوا ذلِكَ طَولًا مِنهُم.\n\n١٦٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بن عياضٍ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن مُجاهِدِ بنِ جَبرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: العَبدُ لا يُغَرَّمُ سَيِّدُه فوقَ نَفسِه شَيئًا، وإِن كان المَجروحُ أكثَرَ مِن ثَمَنِ العَبدِ فلا يُزادُ لَه (^١). ورُوّيناه عن فُقَهاءِ التّابِعينَ؛ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وغَيرِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3518>بابُ جِنايَةِ الغُلامِ يَكونُ (^٢) لِلفُقَراءِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن غُلامًا لأُناسٍ فُقَراءَ قَطَعَ أُذُنَ غُلامٍ لأُناسٍ أغنياءَ، فأتَى أهلُه النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، إنّا أُناسٌ فُقَراءُ. فلَم يَجعَلْ عَلَيه شَيئًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: إن كان المُرادُ بالغُلامِ المَذكورِ فيه المَملوكَ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٥٠٠)، وعنه سحنون في المدونة ٦/ ٣٦٧.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"تكون\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥٩٠)، وأحمد (١٩٩٣١). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٦٥) من طريق معاذ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٣٧).","vol":"16","page":398},{"text":"فإِجماعُ أهلِ العِلمِ على أن جِنايَةَ العَبدِ في رَقَبَتِه يَدُلُّ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، على أن الجِنايَةَ كانَت خَطأً، وأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - إنَّما لَم يَجعَلْ عَلَيه شَيئًا؛ لأنَّه التَزَمَ أرشَ جِنايَتِه، فأعطاه مِن عِندِه مُتَبَرِّعًا بذَلِكَ، وقَد حَمَلَه أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ ﵀ على أن الجانِيَ كان حُرًّا، وكانَتِ الجِنايَةُ خَطأً، وكانَت عاقِلَتُه فُقَراءَ فلَم يَجعَلْ عَلَيهِم شَيئًا؛ إمّا لِفَقرِهِم وإِمَّا لأنَّهُم لا يَعقِلونَ الجِنايَةَ الواقِعَةَ على العَبدِ إن كان المَجنِيُّ عَلَيه مَملوكًا، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد يَكونُ الجانِي غُلامًا حُرًّا غَيرَ بالِغٍ، وكانَت جِنايَتُه عَمدًا، فلَم يَجعَلْ أرشَها على عاقِلَتِه، وكانَ فقيرًا فلَم يَجعَلْه في الحالِ عَلَيه، أو رآه على عاقِلَتِه فوَجَدَهُم فُقَراءَ، فلَم يَجعَلْه عَلَيه لِكَونِ جِنايَتِه في حُكمِ الخَطأَ، ولا عَلَيهِم لِكَونِهِم فُقَراءَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3519>بابُ العاقِلَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لَم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضى بالدّيَةِ على العاقِلَة، وهَذا أكثَرُ مِن حَديثِ الخاصَّةِ (^١).\nوقَد ذَكَرناه مِن حَديثِ الخاصَّةِ.\n\n١٦٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِي سلمةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١١٥. وينظر المعرفة للمصنف (٤٩٤٣).","vol":"16","page":399},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمَن، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: اقتَتَلَتِ امرأتانِ مِن هُذَيلٍ، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بحَجَرٍ فقَتَلَتها وما في بَطنِها، فاختَصَموا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن ديَةَ جَنينِها غُرَّةٌ عبدٌ أو وليدَةٌ، وقَضَى بديَةِ المَرأةِ على عاقِلَتِها، ووَرَّثَها ولَدَها ومَن مَعَهُم، قال حَمَلُ بن النّابِغَةِ الهُذَلِيُّ: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ أغرَمُ مَن لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟ فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ (^١). فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هذا مِن إخوانِ (^٢) الكُهّانِ\". مِن أجلِ سَجعِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِح، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريَّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو البَختَرِيِّ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا مُفَصَّلُ بنُ مُهَلهِلٍ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نُضَيلَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن امرأةً قَتَلَت ضَرَّتَها بعَمودِ فُسطاطٍ، فأُتِيَ فيه\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، وفي ص ٨: \"بطل\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٢١٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"أصحاب\".\n(^٣) المصف في الصغرى (٣١٤٥، ٣١٤٦)، وابن وهب (٤٩٦)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٥٧٦)، والنسائي (٤٨٣٣)، وابن حبان (٦٠٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩١٦) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (١٦٢١٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٩١٠)، ومسلم (١٦٨١/ ٣٦).","vol":"16","page":400},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَضى فيه على عاقِلَتِها بالدّيَة، وكانَت حامِلًا فقَضَى في الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ، فقالَ بَعضُ عَصبَتِها: أنَدِي مَن لا طَعِمَ ولا شَرِبَ ولا صاحَ فاستَهَّل؟! ومِثلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَجعٌ كَسَجعِ الأعرابِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ الأخنَسِ بنِ شَريقٍ قال: أخَذتُ مِن آلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - هذا الكِتابَ، كان مَقرونًا بكِتابِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّذِي كَتَبَ عُمَرُ لِلعُمّالِ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، هذا كِتابٌ مِن محمدٍ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بَينَ المُسلِمينَ والمُؤمِنينَ مِن قُرَيشٍ ويَثرِبَ ومَن تَبِعَهُم، فلَحِقَ بهِم وجاهَدَ مَعَهُم أنَّهُم أُمَّةٌ واحِدَةٌ دونَ النّاسِ؛ المُهاجِرون (^٣) مِن قُرَيشٍ على رِبْعَتِهِم (^٤) يَتَعاقَلونَ بَينَهُم، وهُم يَفْدونَ عانِيَهُم (^٥) بالمَعروفِ والقِسطِ بَينَ المُؤمِنينَ، وبَنو عَوفٍ على رِبْعَتِهِم يَتَعاقَلونَ مَعاقِلَهُمُ الأولَى،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٣٨، ١٨١٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٣)، والنسائي (٤٨٣٦) من طريق منصور به. وسيأتي في (١٦٤٦٨، ١٦٤٩٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٢/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) في الأصل، م: \"المهاجرين\"، وفوقها في الأصل: كذا، وفي الحاشية: \"وقع في بعض النسخ: المهاجرون. وليست في الرواية بالسماع، بل بالإجازة من بعض الطرق والله أعلم\".\n(^٤) الرِّبْعة بالكسر: أي حالهم الأول. التاج ٢١/ ٥٧ (ر ب ع).\n(^٥) العاني: الأسير. النهاية ٣/ ٣١٤.","vol":"16","page":401},{"text":"وكُلُّ طائفَةٍ تَفدِي عانيَها بالمَعروفِ والقِسطِ بَينَ المُؤمِنينَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ على هذا النَّسَقِ بَنِي الحارِث، ثُمَّ بَنِي ساعِدَةَ، ثُمَّ بَنِي جُشَمَ، ثُمَّ بَنِي النَّجّار، ثُمَّ بَنِي عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، ثُمَّ بَنِي النَّبيت، ثُمَّ بَنِي الأوس، ثُمَّ قال: وإِنَّ المُؤمِنينَ لا يَترُكونَ مُفرَحًا مِنهُم أن يُعطوه بالمَعروفِ في فِداءٍ أو عَقلٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٥٢ - ورَوَى كَثيرُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه قال: كان في كِتابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ كُلَّ طائفَةٍ تَفدِي عانيَها بالمَعروفِ والقِسطِ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، وإِنَّ على المُؤمِنينَ أن لا يَترُكوا مُفرَحًا مِنهُم حَتَّى يُعطوه في فِداءٍ أو عَقلٍ\". أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ هو الفَزارِيُّ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال الأصمَعِيُّ في المُفرَحِ بالحاءِ: هو الَّذِي قَد أفرَحَه الدَّينُ. يَعنِي أثقَلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٥٠١، ٥٠٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٥١٠) من طريق معاوية به. والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٤ (٣٦)، والعسكري في تصحيفات المحدثين ١/ ١٦٠، ١٦١ من طريق كثير بن عبد الله بمعناه. وعندهم: \"مفرجا\". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٩٣: وفيه كثير بن عبد الله المزنى وهو ضعيف، وقد حسن الترمذي حديثه، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٣٠، وتصحيفات المحدثين للعسكرى ١/ ١٦٢.","vol":"16","page":402},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3520>بابٌّ: مَنِ العاقِلَةُ التي تَغرَمُ</span>؟\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: ولَم أعلَمْ مُخالِفًا في أن العاقِلَةَ العَصَبَةُ، وهُمُ القَرابَةُ مِن قِبَلِ الأبِ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي اللَّيثُ أن ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في جَنينِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِي لِحيانَ سَقَطَ مَيْتًا بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو وليدَةٍ، ثُمَّ إنَّ المَرأةَ التي قَضَى عَلَيها بالغُرَّةِ توُفِّيَت، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن ميراثَها لِبَنيها وزَوجِها، وأنَّ العَقلَ على عَصَبَتِها (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ (^٤)، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١١٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٤١)، وابن وهب (٤٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٥٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٧٧)، والترمذي (٢١١١)، والنسائي (٤٨٣٢)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٨) من طريق الليث به. وسيأتي في (١٦٤٨٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٤٠، ٦٩٠٩)، ومسلم (١٦٨١/ ٣٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"بكير\".","vol":"16","page":403},{"text":"زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: تَنازَعَتِ امرأتانِ مِن هُذَيلٍ، فطَرَحَت إحداهُما جَنينَ صاحِبَتِها، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيها بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو وليدَةٍ، فقالَ المَقضِيُّ عَلَيه: كَيفَ أعقِلُ مَن لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا صاحَ فاستَهَلَّ؟! فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ (^١). فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هذا مِن إخوانِ الكُهّانِ\". فماتَتِ المَقضِيُّ عَلَيها، فقَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بميراثِها لِوَلَدِها وزَوجِها، وأنَّ عَقلَها على عَصَبَتِها وقالَ: \"يَدٌ مِن أيديكُم جَنَت\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ.\n\n١٦٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بن أسَدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الشَّعبِيُّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، أن امرأتَينِ مِن هُذَيلٍ قَتَلَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى ولِكُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما زَوجٌ ووَلَدٌ، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ديَةَ المَقتولَةِ على عاقِلَةِ المَرأةِ القاتِلَة، وبَرّأ زَوجَها ووَلَدَها، فقالَت عاقِلَةُ المَقتولَةِ: ميراثُها لَنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ميراثُها لِزَوجِها ووَلَدِها\". وكانَت حُبلَى فألقَت جَنينَها، فخافَت عاقِلَةُ القاتِلَةِ أن يُضَمِّنَهُم فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا صاحَ فاستَهَلَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذا سَجعُ الجاهِليَّة\". فقَضى في الجَنينِ غُرَّةً عبدًا أو أمَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يطل\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٢١٨).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٩/ ٣٥١ عن يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٤٨) من طريق معلى به. وأبو داود (٤٥٧٥) من طريق عبد الواحد به.=","vol":"16","page":404},{"text":"١٦٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ.\n\n١٦٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِث، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن راشِدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن عَقلَ المَرأةِ بَينَ عَصَبَتِها مَن كانوا، لا يَرِثونَ مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا ما فضلَ عن ورَثَتِها، وإِن قُتِلَت فعَقلُها بَينَ ورَثَتِها وهُم يَقتُلونَ قاتِلَها (^١).\n\n١٦٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بن يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن رَجُلٍ سَمِعَ عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: واسمُ هذا الرَّجُلِ عمرُو بَرْقٍ (^٢) - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"المَرأةُ يَعقِلُها عَصَبَتُها، ولا يَرِثونَ إلَّا ما فضَلَ عن ورَثَتِها\" (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَد قَضَى عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ على عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵄ -\n_________\n= وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٢٦).\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦١٥٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"برو\"، وفي ص ٨: \"يرو\"، وفي م: \"بن برق\". وهو عمرو بن عبد الله بن الأسوار اليماني، يقال له: عمرو برق. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٩٥، ٩٦.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٧٧٦٦).","vol":"16","page":405},{"text":"بأن يَعقِلَ عن مَوالِي صَفيَّةَ بنتِ عبد المُطَّلِب، وقَضَى لِلزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ - بميراثِهِم؛ لأنَّه ابنُها (^١).\n\n١٦٤٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، أن الزُّبَيرَ وعَليًّا - ﵄ - اختَصَما في مَوالٍ لِصَفيَّةَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقَضَى بالميراثِ لِلزُّبَيرِ والعَقلِ على عليٍّ - ﵄ - (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن الحَسَنِ أن عُمَرَ قال لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ - في جِنايَةٍ جَناها عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَما قَسَمتَ الدّيَةَ على بَنِي أبيكَ. قال: فقَسَمَها على قُرَيشٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن ابنِ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن فُقَهاءِ التّابِعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ؛ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وغَيرِه كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا ولَدَتِ المَرأةُ في غَيرِ قَومِها فبَنُوها يَرِثونَها، وقَومُها يَعقِلونَ عَنها، ومَولاها بتِلكَ المَنزِلَة، ميراثُها لِبَنيها، وعَقلُ ما جَنَت على قَومِها.\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٥٥، ١٦٢٩٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٠٣١) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو يوسف في الآثار (٧٧٥) من طريق حماد به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٤) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٧٦١٣). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣١٩٧: منقطع.","vol":"16","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3521>بابٌ: مَن في الدِّيوانِ ومَن لَيسَ فيه مِنَ العاقِلَةِ سَواءٌ</span>\n\n١٦٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا البخاريُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن العباس، حدثنا عمرُو بن عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج، عن أبي (^١) الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"على كُلِّ بَطنِ عُقولُه (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يقولُ: كَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على كُلِّ بَطنٍ عُقولَه، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ أنَّه لا يَحِلُّ أن يَتَوالَى مَولَى رَجُلٍ مسلمٍ بغَيرِ إذنِه، ثُمَّ أُخبِرتُ أنَّه لَعَنَ في صحيفَةٍ مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على العاقِلَةِ ولا ديوانَ، حَتَّى كان الدّيوانُ حينَ كَثُرَ المالُ في زَمانِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ابن\".\n(^٢) ضبطها في الأصل بفتح اللام.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٤٤) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأحمد (١٤٤٤٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\nوصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٩٠).\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٦١٥٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٤٤٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٠٧/ ١٧).\n(^٦) الأم ٦/ ١١٦.","vol":"16","page":407},{"text":"١٦٤٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا غَسّانُ بن مُضَرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: أوَّلُ مَن دَوَّنَ الدَّواوينَ وعَرَّفَ العُرَفاءَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3522>بابُ ما جاءَ في عَقلِ الفَقيِر</span>\n\n١٦٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بن الرَّبيع، عن عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن أبي المَليحِ الهُذَلِيّ، عن أبيه قال: تَزَوَّجَ حَمَلُ بن مالكِ بنِ النّابِغَةِ امرأتَينِ؛ إحداهُما مِن بَنى مُعاويَةَ، والأُخرَى مِن بَنِي لَحيانَ، فضُرِبَتِ التي مِن بَنِي لَحيانَ فماتَت وألقَت جَنينًا، فجاءَ حَمَلُ بن مالكٍ إلَى أبيها فقالَ: عَقلَ امرأتِي وابنِي. فقالَ أبوها: إنَّما يَعقِلُها بَنوها وهُم سادَةُ بَني لِحيانَ. فاختَصَموا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"الدّيَةُ على العَصَبَة، وفِي الجَنينِ غُرَّةٌ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ\". فقالَ الوَلِيُّ حينَ قُضِيَ عَلَيه بالجنينِ (^٢): ما وُضِعَ فحَلَّ، ولا صاحَ فاستَهَلَّ، فأبطِلْه فمِثلُه حَقُّ ما بَطَلَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أسَجعٌ كَسَجعِ الجاهِليَّةِ؟! \". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّه شاعِرٌ. قال: يا رسولَ الله، ما له عبدٌ ولا أمَةٌ. فقالَ: \"عَشرٌ مِنَ الإبِلِ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عد الله بن أحمد (٤٦٤ - زوائد فضائل الصحابة) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وتقدم في (١٣١٧٧).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والمهذب. وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه فالجنين\".","vol":"16","page":408},{"text":"ما له مِن شَئٍ إلَّا أن يُعينَه بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن صَدَقَةِ بَنِي لَحيانَ. فأعانَه بها، فسَعَى حَمَلٌ عَلَيها حَتَّى استَوفاها (^١).\n\n١٦٤٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ عبد الخالِق، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ هَيّاجٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، حدثنا المِنهالُ بن خَليفَةَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ تَمّامٍ وهو أبو عبد اللهِ الشَّقَرِيُّ، عن أبي المَليح، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ بامرأتَينِ كانَتا عِندَ رَجُلٍ مِن هُذَيلٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ لها بَنينَ هُم سادَةُ الحَيِّ هُم أحَقُّ أن يَعقِلوا عن أُمِّهِم. قال: \"أنتَ أحَقُّ أن تَعقِلَ عن أُختِكَ\". قال: ما لَنا شَئٌ نَعقِلُ فيهِ. فقالَ لِحَمَلِ بنِ مالكٍ زَوجِ المَرأتَينِ: \"اقبِضْ تَحتِ يَدِكَ مِن صَدَقاتِ هُذَيلٍ عِشرينَ ومِائَةَ شاةٍ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ الفَقيهُ ﵀: في هذا الإِسنادِ ضَعفٌ وكَذَلِكَ فيما قَبلَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3523>بابُ ما تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ</span>\n\n١٦٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (١٧١)، والطبراني (٥١٣، ٥١٥) من طريق أبي المليح به.\n(^٢) البزار (٢٣٣٩) مختصرًا. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (١٧٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٥٢٨)، والطبرانى (٥١٤) من طريق المنهال به.","vol":"16","page":409},{"text":"أيّوبُ بن سوَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ - ﵁ - قال: لا تَعقِلُ العاقِلَةُ ولا يَعُمُّها العَقلُ إلَّا في ثُلُثِ الدّيَةِ فصاعِدًا.\nكَذا رَواه أيّوبُ، والمَحفوظُ أنَّه مِن قَولِ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ:\n\n١٦٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ قال: وأخبَرَنِي ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّهُما قالا: لا تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ إلَّا ثُلُثَ الدّيَةِ فصاعِدًا (^١). كَذا قالا.\nوذَهَبَ الشّافِعِيُّ إلَى أنَّها تَحمِلُ كُلَّ ما كَثُرَ وقَلَّ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَمّا حَمَّلَها الأكثَرَ دَلَّ على تَحميلِها الأيسَرَ (^٢). قال: وقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ، وقَضَى به على العاقِلَةِ وذَلِكَ نِصفُ عُشرِ الدّيَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي مَنصورٌ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نُضَيلَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، أن رَجُلًا مِن هُذَيلٍ كانَت له امرأتان، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بعَمودِ فُسطاطٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٥٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب عن رجل عن سعيد به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٢٦.","vol":"16","page":410},{"text":"فأسقَطَت، فقيلَ: أرأيتَ مَن لا أكَلَ ولا شَرِبَ، ولا صاحَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟ فقيلَ: أسَجعًا كَسَجعِ الجاهِليَّةِ؟! قال: فقَضَى فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بغُرَّةٍ، وجَعَلَه على عاقِلَةِ المَرأةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، أن الغُرَّةَ تُقَوَّمُ خَمسينَ دينارًا أو سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال بَعضهُم: فإِنَّ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ قال: مِنَ الأمرِ القَديمِ أن تَعقِلَ العاقِلَةُ الثُّلُثَ فصاعِدًا. قُلنا: القَديمُ قَد يَكونُ مِمَّن يُقتَدَى به ويَلزَمُ قَولُه، ويَكونُ مِنَ الوُلاةِ الَّذينَ لا يُقتَدَى بهِم ولا يَلزَمُ قَولُهُم، أفَنَترُكُ اليَقينَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَضَى بنِصفِ عُشرِ الدّيَةِ على العاقِلَةِ بظَنٍّ؟ (^٤)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3524>بابُ تَنجيمِ الدّيَةِ على العاقِلَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وجَدنا عامًّا في\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٧٣١)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٨٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٤٩)، وأبو داود (٤٥٦٨)، والترمذي (١٤١١)، والنسائي (٤٨٤٠)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٦) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وتقدم في (١٦٤٥٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٢/ عقب ٣٨).\n(^٣) الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٥/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط). وسيأتي في (١٦٥٠٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٥١)، والأم ٧/ ٣٢٧.","vol":"16","page":411},{"text":"أهلِ العِلمِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى في جِنايَةِ الحُرِّ المُسلِمِ على الحُرِّ خَطأً بمائَةٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ على عاقِلَةِ الجانِي، وعامًّا فيهِم أنَّها في مُضِيِّ الثَلاثِ سِنينَ؛ في كُلِّ سنةٍ ثُلُثُها، وبِأسنانٍ مَعلومَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ قال: جَعَلَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - الدّيَةَ في ثَلاثِ سِنينَ، وثُلُثَيِ الدّيَةِ في سَنَتَين، ونِصفَ الدّيَةِ في سَنَتَين، وثُلُثَ الدّيَةِ في سنةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٧٢ - قالَ: وقالَ لِي مالكٌ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ سَواءً (^٣)، وقالَ لِي مالكٌ في النِّصفِ يَكونُ في سَنَتَينِ: لأنَّه زيادَةٌ على الثُّلُثِ.\n\n١٦٤٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيب، أن عليّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قَضَى بالعَقلِ في قَتلِ الخَطأَ في ثَلاثِ سِنينَ (^٤).\nوعن يَحيىَ بنِ سعيدٍ: إن مِنَ السُّنَّةِ أن تُنَجَّمَ الدّيَةُ في ثَلاثِ سِنينَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٥١)، والشافعي في الرسالة (١٥٣٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٨٥٨) عن سفيان به. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٨٦). من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٨٥٠.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٥٣).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٦٢١٩).","vol":"16","page":412},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3525>بابٌ: لا تَحمِلُ العاقِلَةُ ما جَنَى الرَّجُلُ على نَفسِهِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ - قال أبو داودَ: قالَ أحمدُ: كَذا قال ابنُ وهبٍ هو وعَنبَسَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ خالِدٍ. قال أحمدُ: والصَّوابُ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد اللهِ - أن سلمةَ بنَ الأكوَعِ قال: لمَّا كان يَومُ خَيبَرَ قاتَلَ أخِي قِتالًا شَديدًا فارتَدَّ عَلَيه سَيفُه فقَتَلَه، فقالَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ وشَكّوا فيه: رَجُلٌ ماتَ بسِلاحِه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ماتَ جاهِدًا مُجاهِدًا\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: ثُمَّ سألتُ ابنًا لِسَلَمَةَ بنِ الأكوَع، فحَدَّثَنِي عن أبيه بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَذَبوا، ماتَ جاهِدًا مُجاهِدًا؛ فلَه أجرُه مَرَّتَينِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ عن سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٣٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٣١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٦٥٠٣) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٠٢/ ١٢٤)، والبخاري (٤١٩٦).","vol":"16","page":413},{"text":"أْغَرنا على حَيٍّ مِن جُهَينَةَ، فطَلَبَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رَجُلًا مِنهُم فضَرَبَه فأخطأه وأصابَ نَفسَه بالسَّيف، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أخوكُم يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ\". فابتَدَرَه النّاسُ فوَجَدوه قَد ماتَ، فلَفَّه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بثيابِه ودِمائه وصَلَّى عَلَيه ودَفَنَه، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ أشَهيدٌ هوَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وأنا له شَهيدٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3526>بابُ ما ورَدَ في: \"البِئرُ جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ</span>\"\n\n١٦٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ وابنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"العَجماءُ جَرحُها جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيث، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ وحَفصُ بن عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٣٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (٦٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٣٢)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠٦، ٦٠٠٧) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٧٢٥٤)، وأبو داود (٤٥٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٧٣) من طريق الزهري به. وتقدم في (٧٧٢٠، ٧٧٢٢)، وسيأتي في (١٧٧٤٨، ١٧٧٤٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٤٩٩)، ومسلم (١٧١٠/ ٤٥).","vol":"16","page":414},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"العَجماءُ جَرحُها جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ\". زادَ حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ: \"والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ به، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، إذا حَفَرَها في مِلكِه أو في صَحراءَ أو طَريقٍ واسِعَةٍ مُحتَمِلَةٍ، فأمّا إذا حَفَرَها في غَيرِ هذه المَواضِعِ فإِنَّه يَضمَنُ ما يَتلَفُ فيها، رُوِّينا عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: مَن بَنَى في غَيرِ حَقِّه أوِ احتَفَرَ في غَيرِ مِلكِه فهو ضامِنٌ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المُغيرَة، عن إبراهيمَ، أن بَغلًا وقَعَ في بئرٍ فانكَسَرَ، فاختَصَموا إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ عمرُو بن الحارِثِ: يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ، أعَلَى البِئرِ ضمانٌ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن على عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ. فضَمَّنَه، وكانَتِ البِئرُ في الطَّريقِ في غَيرِ حَقِّهِ (^٤).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٥٤). وليس فيه عبد الصمد. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٣٧٠، ٩٨٥٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩١٣)، ومسلم (١٧١٠/ عقب ٤٦).\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٠٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٧٧٩٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٠٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨٠٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":415},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ وقَيسُ بن الرَّبيعِ وأبو عَوانَةَ كُلُّهُم، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ الكِنانِيِّ قال: حدثنا عليُّ بن أبي طالِب - ﵁ - قال: لَمّا بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى اليَمَنِ حَفَرَ قَومٌ زُبيَةً (^١) لِلأسَد، فازدَحَمَ النّاسُ على الزُّبيَة، ووَقَعَ فيها الأسَدُ فوَقَعَ فيها رَجُلٌ، وتَعَلَّقَ برَجُلٍ وتَعَلَّقَ الآخَرُ بالآخَرَ حَتَّى صاروا أربَعَةً، فجَرَحَهُمُ الأسَدُ فيها فهَلَكوا، وحَمَلَ القَومُ السِّلاحَ فكادَ أن يَكونَ بَينَهُم قِتالٌ. قال: فأتَيتُهُم فقُلتُ: أتَقتُلونَ مِائَتَي رَجُلٍ مِن أجلِ أربَعَةِ أُناس، تَعالَ أقضِ بَينَكُم بقَضاءٍ، فإِن رَضيتُموه فهو قَضاءٌ بَينَكُم، وإِن أبَيتُم رُفِعتُم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو أحَقُّ بالقَضاءِ. قال: فجَعَلَ لِلأوَّلِ رُبُعَ الدّيَة، وجَعَلَ لِلثّانِي ثُلُثَ الدّيَة، وجَعَلَ لِلثّالِثِ نِصفَ الدّيَةِ وجَعَلَ لِلرّابِع الدّيَةَ، وجَعَلَ الدّياتِ على مَن حَضَرَ الزُّبيَةَ على القَبائلِ الأربَعَة، فسَخِطَ بَعضُهُم ورَضِيَ بَعضهُم، ثُمَّ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَصّوا عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، فقالَ: \"أنا أقضِي بَينَكُم\". فقالَ قائلٌ: فإِنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَد قَضَى بَينَنا. فأخبَرَه بما قَضَى عليٌّ - ﵁ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"القَضاءُ كما قضى (^٢) عليٌّ\". قال هذا حَمّادٌ، وقالَ قَيسٌ: فأمضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضاءَ عليٍّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الزبية: حفيرة تحفر للأسد والصيد، ويغطى رأسها بما يسترها ليقع فيها. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٢٤.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"يقضى\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٣، ١٣١٠) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"16","page":416},{"text":"١٦٤٨٠ - فأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُصعَبُ بن المِقدام، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ الكِنانِيّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى اليَمَنِ. فذَكَرَ هذه القِصَّةَ ثُمَّ قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: اجمَعوا في القَبائلِ الَّذينَ حَضَروا رُبُعَ الدّيَةِ وثُلُثَ الدّيَةِ ونِصفَ الدّيَةِ والدّيَةَ كامِلَةً؛ فلِلأوَّلِ الرُّبُعُ مِن أجلِ أنَّه أهلَكَ مَن يَليه، والثّانِي ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ مِن أجلِ أنَّه أهلَكَ مَن فوقَه، والثّالِثِ نِصفُ الدّيَةِ مِن أجلِ أنَّه أهلَكَ مَن فوقَه، والرّابِعِ الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً، فزَعَمَ حَنَشٌ أن بَعضَ القَومِ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى أتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فلَقُوه عِندَ مَقامِ إبراهيمَ ﵇، فقَصّوا عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، فاحتَبَى بُردَه ثُمَّ قال: \"أنا أقضِي بَينَكُم\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: إنَّ عَليًّا قَضى بَينَنا. فقَصّوا عَلَيه القِصَّةَ فأجازَه. فهَذا الحَديثُ قَد أُرسِلَ آخِرُه (^١). وحَنَشُ بن المُعتَمِرِ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٢). قال البخاريُّ: حَنَشُ بن المُعتَمِرِ - قال: وقالَ بعضُهم: ابنُ رَبيعَةَ - يَتَكَلَّمونَ في حَديثِه. أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِيِّ (^٣).\nوأصحابُنا يَقولونَ: القياسُ أن يَكونَ في الأوَّلِ ثُلُثا الدّيَةِ؛ ثُلُثُها على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٣)، وابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٢٥٤) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٦٤٠١).\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٨٤٤، والتاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٣/ ٩٩، والتاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٣٧، والضعفاء الصغير ص ٤١.","vol":"16","page":417},{"text":"عاقِلَةِ الثّانِي، وثُلُثُها على عاقِلَةِ الثّالِثِ؛ لأنَّه ماتَ مِن فِعلِ نَفسِه وفِعلِ اثنَين، فسَقَطَ ثُلُثُ الدّيَةِ لِفِعلِ نَفسِه ووَجَبَ الثُلُثان، وفِي الثّانِي ثُلُثا الدّيَةِ؛ ثُلُثُها على عاقِلَةِ الأوَّلِ وثُلُثُها على عاقِلَةِ الثّالِث، وفِي الثّالِثِ وجهانِ؛ أحَدُهُما نِصفُ الدّيَةِ على عاقِلَةِ الثّانِي، والآخَرُ ثُلُثا الدّيَةِ على عاقِلَةِ الأوَّلِ والثّانِي، وفِي الرّابِعِ جَميعُ الدّيَةِ على عاقِلَةِ الثّالِث، وفيه وجهٌ آخَرُ أنَّها على عاقِلَةِ الأوَّلِ والثّانِي والثّالِث، فإِن صَحَّ الحَديثُ تُرِكَ له القياسُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّل، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رَجُلًا استأجَرَ أربَعَةً يَحفِرونَ بئرًا، فسَقَطَ طائفَةٌ مِنها على رَجُلٍ فماتَ، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: فجَعَلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - على الثَّلاثَةِ ثَلاثَةَ أرباعِ الدّيَة، ورَفَعَ عَنهُمُ الرُّبُعَ نَصيبَ المَيِّتِ (^١). أحاديثُ خِلاسٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - لا يُحتَجُّ بها لإرسالٍ فيها. وهَذا على عَواقِلِهِم إن كان سُقوطُ طائفَةٍ مِنها بفِعلِهِم.\n\n١٦٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن مُجالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قَضَى في القارِصَةِ والقامِصَةِ والواقِصَةِ بالدّيَةِ أثلاثًا. قال ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ: وتَفسيرُه أن ثلاثَ جَوارٍ كُنَّ يَلعَبنَ، فرَكِبَت إحداهُنَّ صاحِبَتَها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٣٣٢) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"16","page":418},{"text":"فقَرَصَتِ الثّالِثَةُ المَركوبَةَ فقَمَصَت (^١)، فسَقَطَتِ الرّاكِبَةُ فوُقِصَت (^٢) عُنُقُها، فجَعَلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - على القارِصَةِ ثُلُثَ الدّيَة، وعَلَى القامِصةِ الثُّلُثَ، وأسقَطَ الثُّلُثَ يقولُ: لأنَّه حِصَّةُ الرّاكِبَةِ؛ لأنَّها أعانَت على نَفسِها (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بن إسماعيلَ المَحامِلِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، حدثنا موسَى بن عُلَيِّ بنِ رَباحٍ اللَّخمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ: إنَّ أعمى كان يُنشِدُ في المَوسِمِ في خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - وهو يقولُ:\nأيُّها النّاسُ لَقِيتُ مُنكَرَا\nهَل يَعقِلُ الأعمَى الصحيحَ المُبصِرَا\nخَرّا مَعًا كِلاهُما تَكَسَّرَا\nوذَلِكَ أن أعمى كان يَقودُه بَصيرٌ فوَقَعا في بئرٍ، فوَقَعَ الأعمَى على البَصيرِ فماتَ البَصيرُ، فقَضى عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بعَقلِ البَصيرِ على الأعمَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قمصت: أي نفرت. النهاية ٤/ ١٠٨.\n(^٢) الوقص: كسر العنق. النهاية ٥/ ٢١٤.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٩٦. وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٧ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٦١) - عن ابن أبي زائدة به. وليس عندهما قول ابن أبي زائدة. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٠٢: فيه مجالد.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٩٨، ٩٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٣٣٥) من طريق موسى بن علي به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ٣٧: وفيه انقطاع.","vol":"16","page":419},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3527>بابُ ديَةِ الجَنينِ</span>\n\n١٦٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أَبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، أن امرأتَينِ مِن هُذَيلٍ رَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى (^١) فطَرَحَت جَنينَها، فقَضَى فيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ. وفِي حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ: بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو وليدَةٍ. وكَذا في حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ، زادَ ابنُ وهبٍ في رِوايَتِه: أن امرأتَينِ مِن هُذَيلٍ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بحجر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٦٢). والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٧، وابن وهب (٤٩٨)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٥٥. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٧٢٢٧، ٧٧٠٣)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٧) من طريق مالك به. وتقدم في (١٦٢١٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٥٩، ٦٩٠٤)، ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ٣٤).","vol":"16","page":420},{"text":"عبد اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن عبد الواحِدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن خالِدِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضى في امرأتَينِ مِن هُذَيلٍ اقتَتَلَتا، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بحَجَرٍ فأصابَ بَطنَها وهِيَ حامِلٌ، فقَتَلَت ولَدَها الَّذِي في بَطنِها، فاختَصَما (^١) إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيها، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن ديَةَ ما في بَطنِها غُرَّةٌ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ، فقالَ ولِيُّ المَرأةِ التي غَرِمَت: كَيفَ أغرَمُ يا رسولَ اللهِ مَن لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟! فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هذا مِن إخوانِ الكُهّانِ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلَّا أن في رِوايَةِ الصَّفّارِ: عن ابنِ مُسافِرٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: اقتَتَلَتِ امرأتانِ مِن هُذَيلٍ، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بحَجَرٍ فأصابَت بَطنَها، فقَتَلَتها وألقَت جَنينًا، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بديَتِها على عاقِلَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فاختصموا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ١١٠ من طريق سعيد بن عفير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٥٨).","vol":"16","page":421},{"text":"الأُخرَى، وفِي الجَنينِ غُرَّةَ (^١) عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ، قال: فقالَ قائلٌ: كَيفَ نَعقِلُ مَن لا يأكُلُ ولا يَشرَبُ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟! فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ (^٢). فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - كما زَعَمَ أبو هريرةَ: \"هذا مِن إخوانِ الكُهّانِ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في جَنينِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِي لِحيانَ بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ، ثُمَّ إنَّ المَرأةَ التي قَضَى عَلَيها بالغُرَّةِ توُفّيَت، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأنَّ ميراثَها لِبَنيها وزَوجِها، وأنَّ العَقلَ على عَصَبَتِها.\n_________\n(^١) قال السندي: \"المشهور تنوين \"غرة\" وما بعده بدل عنه أو بيان له، وروى بعضهم بالإضافة، و\"أو\" للتقسيم لا للشك، فإن كلا من العبد والأمة يقال له: \"الغرة\". إذ الغرة اسم للإنسان المملوك\". حاشية السندى على النسائي ٦/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"بطل\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٢١٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨١/ عقب ٣٦).","vol":"16","page":422},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ: في جَنينِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِي كِنانَةَ سَقَطَ مَيِّتًا. وفِي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِيِّ: أن امرأةً مِن بَنِي لِحيانَ ضرَبَت أُخرَى كانَت حامِلًا فأملَصَت (^١)، فقَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في إملاصِ المَرأةِ غُرَّةَ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ، قال: فتوُفّيَتِ المَرأةُ التي كان عَلَيها العَقلُ، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأنَّ العَقلَ على عَصَبَتِها، وأنَّ ميراثَها لِزَوجِها وبَنيها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وقُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَضى في الجَنينِ يُقتَلُ في بَطنِ أُمِّه بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو وليدَةٍ، فقالَ الَّذِي قُضِيَ عَلَيه: كَيفَ أغرَمُ ما لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟! ومِثلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ (^٤). فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما هذا مِن إخوانِ\n_________\n(^١) إملاص المرأة: إسقاطها الولد، وأصل الإملاص: الإزلاق، وكل شئ يزلق من اليد ولا يثبت فيها فهو مَلَص. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٠١٨) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٧٧)، والترمذي (٢١١١)، والنسائي (٤٨٣٢) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم في (١٦٤٥٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٤٠، ٦٩٠٩)، ومسلم (١٦٨١/ ٣٥).\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"يطل\".","vol":"16","page":423},{"text":"الكُهّانِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ هَكَذا مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن رَوحٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: اقتَتَلَتِ امرأتانِ مِن هُذَيلٍ فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى فقَتَلَتها وما في بَطنِها، فاختَصَموا في الدّيَةِ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقَضَى أن ديَةَ جَنينِها غُرَّةٌ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ، وقَضَى بديَتِها على عاقِلَتِها ووَرَّثَها ولَدَها ومَن مَعَهُم، فقالَ حَمَلُ بن نابِغَةَ الهُذَلِيُّ: كَيفَ أَغرَمُ مَن لا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، ولا نَطَقَ ولا استَهَلَّ؟! فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ (^٣). فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ هذا مِن إخوانِ الكُهّانِ\". مِن أجلِ سَجَعِه الَّذِي سَجَعَ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ كما مَضَى (^٥).\n\n١٦٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٦٤). والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٧، ومالك ٢/ ٨٥٥، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٨٣٥). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٣٤٩) من طريق الزهري به، وعندهم: يطل. بدل: بطل.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٦٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"يطل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٩١٦)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦١٩٩) عن عثمان بن عمر به. وتقدم في (١٦٤٤٩).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٩١٠)، ومسلم (١٦٨١/ ٣٦). وتقدم عقب (١٦٤٤٩).","vol":"16","page":424},{"text":"وابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: أُذَكِّرُ اللَّهَ امرَأً سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الجَنينِ شَيئًا. فقامَ حَمَلُ بن مالكِ بنِ النّابِغَةِ فقالَ: كُنتُ بَينَ جارَتَينِ (^١) لِي - يَعنِي ضَرَّتَينِ - فضَرَبَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بمِسطَحٍ (^٢) فألقَت جَنينًا مَيِّتًا، فقَضَى فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بغُرَّةٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَو لَم نَسمَعْ هذا لَقَضَينا فيه بغَيرِ هذا. وقالَ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: عن عمرٍو. وحدَه، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إن كِدنا أن نَقضِيَ في مِثلِ هذا برأيِنا (^٣).\nوقَد رُوّيناه مَوصولًا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ:\n\n١٦٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَسعودٍ المِصّيصِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن دينارٍ سَمِعَ طاوُسًا، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه سألَ عن قَضيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ، فقامَ حَمَلُ بن مالكِ بنِ النّابِغَةِ فقالَ: كُنتُ بَينَ امرأتَين، فضرَبَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بمِسطَحٍ فقَتَلَتها وجَنينَها، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في جَنينِها بغُرَّةٍ وأن تُقتَلَ (^٤). كَذا قال: وأن تُقتَلَ. يَعنِي المَرأةَ القاتِلَةَ. ثُمَّ شَكَّ فيه عمرُو بن دينارٍ (^٥)، والمَحفوظُ أنَّه قَضَى\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، والمهذب: \"جاريتين\".\n(^٢) المسطح بالكسر: عود من أعواد الخباء والفسطاط ونحوه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٧٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٦٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٠٧. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٧٣) من طريق سفيان عن عمرو وحده به. وسيأتي في (١٦٤٩٩). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٩٢).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٥٧٢). وتقدم في (١٦٠٨٠).\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٠٨١، ١٦٠٨٢).","vol":"16","page":425},{"text":"بديَتِها على عاقِلَةِ القاتِلَةِ.\n\n١٦٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: استَشارَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - في إملاصِ المَرأة، فقالَ المُغيرَةُ بن شُعبَةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى فيه بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ. فقالَ: ائتِنِي بمَن يَشهَدُ مَعَكَ. فشَهِدَ محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن المُغيرَة، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بمَعناه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٤٩٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عِمرانَ القاضِي بهَراةَ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ عبدُ الجَليلِ بن\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧١٤)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٢٦٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢١٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٧٠) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨١٣٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٩٠٥).","vol":"16","page":426},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - سألَ النّاسَ: مَن سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى في السِّقطِ؟ فقالَ المُغيرَةُ بن شُعبَةَ: أنا سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى فيه بغُرَّةٍ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ. فقالَ: ائتِ بمَن يَشهَدُ مَعَكَ على هَذا. فقالَ محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ: أنا أشهَدُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِ هَذا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى هَكَذا، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ عن هِشامٍ عن أبيه سَمِعَ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ نُضيلَةَ، عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ قال: ضرَبَتِ امرأةٌ ضَرَّتَها، فضَرَبَتها بعَمودِ فُسطاطٍ فقَتَلَتها وذا بَطنِها، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ديَةَ المَقتولَةِ على عَصَبَةِ القاتِلَةِ وغُرَّةً لِما في بَطنِها، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن عَصَبَةِ القاتِلَةِ: أنَغرَمُ ديَةَ مَن لا أكَلَ ولا شَرِبَ، ولا صاحَ فاستَهَلَّ؟! فمِثلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ (^٣). فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَجعٌ كَسَجعِ الأعرابِ؟ \". وجَعَلَ عَلَيهِمُ الدّيَةَ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ٧/ ١٤٨ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٠٧، ٦٩٠٨).\n(^٣) في س: \"بطل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٦٩)، والنسائي (٤٨٣٧) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم في (١٦٤٥٠، ١٦٤٦٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٨٢/ ٣٧).","vol":"16","page":427},{"text":"وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بن محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ بها أيضًا قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن حَمّادٍ، عن أسباطٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كانَتِ امرأتانِ ضَرَّتان، فكانَ بَينَهُما سَخَبٌ (^١)، فرَمَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى بحَجَرٍ فأسقَطَت غُلامًا قَد نَبَتَ شَعَرُه مَيِّتًا وماتَتِ المَرأةُ، فقَضى على العاقِلَةِ الدّيَةَ، فقالَ عَمُّها: إنَّها قَد أسقَطَت يا رسولَ اللهِ غُلامًا قَد نَبَتَ شَعرُه. فقالَ أبو القاتِلَةِ: إنَّه كاذِبٌ، إنَّه واللهِ ما استَهَلَّ ولا عَقَلَ، ولا شَرِبَ ولا أكَلَ، فمِثلُه يُطَلُّ (^٢). فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أسَجعُ الجاهِليَّةِ وكِهانَتُها؟ أرَى في الصَّبِيِّ غُرَّةً\". وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: كان اسمُ إحداهُما مُلَيكَةَ، والأُخرَى أُمَّ غُطَيفٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3528>بابُ مَن قال في الغُرَّةِ: عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ أو فرَسٌ أو بَغلٌ أو كَذا وكَذا مِنَ الشّاء، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ</span>\n\n١٦٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن موسَى الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى هو ابنُ يونُسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) السخب: هو اختلاط الأصوات، يقال بالصاد والسين. فتح الباري ٢/ ٤٥٤.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"بطل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٧٤)، والنسائي (٤٨٤٣)، وابن حبان (٦٠١٩) من طريق عمرو بن حماد به بنحوه. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٩٣).","vol":"16","page":428},{"text":"في الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ؛ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ أو فرَسٍ أو بَغلٍ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ عن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرٍو حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ وخالِدُ بن عبد اللهِ لَم يَذكُرا فرَسًا ولا بَغلًا.\nقال الشيخُ الفَقيهُ ﵀: ولَم يَذكُرْه أيضًا الزُّهرِيُّ عن أبي سلمةَ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - استَشارَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالدّيَةِ في المَرأة، وفِي الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ؛ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ أو فرَسٍ (^٣). كَذا رَواه مُرسَلًا.\nورَواه عمرُو بن دينارٍ عن طاوُسٍ فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ طاوُسٍ:\n\n١٦٤٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - سألَ النّاسَ عن الجَنينِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقَضَى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٧٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٠٢٢) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٤٦٧)، والترمذي (١٤١٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٣٩) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٤٤٩).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٧، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٣٣٩). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٤٩٠).","vol":"16","page":429},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الجَنينِ غُرَّةً. وقالَ طاوُسٌ: الفَرَسُ غُرَّةٌ (^١).\n\n١٦٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ حدثنا عباسُ بن عبد العَظيم، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن صُهَيبٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن امرأةً خَذَفَتِ (^٢) امرأةً فأسقَطَت، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فجَعَلَ في ولَدِها خَمسَمِائَةِ شاةٍ، ونَهَى يَومَئذٍ عن الخَذفِ (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: كَذا الحَديثُ: خَمسَمِائَةٍ. والصَّوابُ: مِائَةَ شاةٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ الفَقيهُ ﵀: ورُوِيَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ وأبِي قِلابَةَ وأبِي المَليحِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في هذه القِصَّةِ قالوا: وقَضَى في الجَنينِ غُرَّةَ عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ، أو مِائَةً مِنَ الشّاءِ. وهَذا مُرسَلٌ (^٥).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي المَليحِ عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إلَّا أنَّه قال فيه: غُرَّةٌ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ، أو عِشرونَ ومِائَةُ شاةٍ (^٦). وإِسنادُه ضعيفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٣١) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٤٧٨).\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"حذفت\". والخذف: الرمي. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٥٧٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨٢٨) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٩٤).\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٤٥٧٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٣٤٥) من طريق ابن سيرين به. وأخرجه الحارث (٥٨٤ - بغية)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل بنحوه (٤٥٣٢)، والطبرانى بنحوه (٣٤٨٥) من حديث أبي المليح.\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٤٦٤، ١٦٤٦٥).","vol":"16","page":430},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3529>بابُ ما جاءَ في الكَفّارَةِ في الجَنيِن وغَيِر ذَلِكَ</span>\nقال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢].\n\n١٦٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ في رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ امرأتَه أو سُرّيَّتَه، فطَرَحَت ما في بَطنِها، قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: في ولَدِها غُرَّةٌ وعَلَيه كَفارَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٦٥٠٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ في امرأةٍ ضُرِبَت فأسقَطَت ثَلاثَةً، قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: نَرَى في كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم غُرَّةً، ونَرَى في كُلِّ جَنينٍ قَد تَبَيَّنَ أنَّه حَبَلٌ غُرَّةً (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٠٣ - قال يونُسُ: وقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ في امرأةٍ حامِلٍ ضَرَبَها رَجُلٌ فماتَت وهِيَ حامِلٌ قال: فيها ديَةُ المَرأة، ولَيسَ لِحَملِها مَعَها إذا هَلَكَ بهَلاكِها ديَةٌ، ولا نَعلَمُه سَبَقَ فيها قَضاءٌ. وقالَ ذَلِكَ مالكٌ.\nوحَكَى ابنُ المُنذِرِ الكَفّارَةَ في الجَنينِ عن عَطاءٍ والحَسَنِ والنَّخَعِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٣٦١) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٩٠) عن الزهري بلفظ: أرى أن في كل واحد منهم غرة، كما أن في كل واحد منهم الدية.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧٢٥).","vol":"16","page":431},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ التّابِعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ في الرَّجُلِ يَضرِبُ المَرأةَ فتَطرَحُ جَنينَها: إن سَقَطَ مَيِّتًا ففيه الغُرَّةُ، وإِن سَقَطَ حَيًّا فماتَ ففيه الدّيَةُ كامِلَةً. وكانوا يَقولونَ: مَن قَتَلَ امرأةً حامِلًا فلا عَقلَ لِما في بَطنِها، يَكونُ عَقلَ المَقتولَةِ ولا جَنينَ في بَطنِها.\nورُوّينا عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال إذا وقَعَ السِّقطُ حَيًّا كَمَلَت ديَتُه استَهَلَّ أو لَم يَستَهِلَّ. وهو فيما أُخبِرتُ عن زاهِرٍ، عن البَغَوِيِّ، عن أحمدَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ العَوّامِ، عن حَجّاجٍ وفيه انقِطاعٌ (^١).\nورُوِيَ في الكَفّارَةِ ما:\n\n١٦٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَهدِيٍّ الأيلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ قَيسُ بن عاصِمٍ التَّميمِيُّ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي وأدتُ في الجاهِليَّةِ ثَمانِ بَناتٍ. فقالَ \"أعتِقْ عن كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُنَّ نَسَمَةً\" (^٢). ولِهَذا شاهِدٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٦٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، أخبرَنا الهَيثَمُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٣٤١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٩٧٥) عن عباد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٢٣٨)، والطبراني ١٨/ ٣٣٧ (٨٦٣) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٧/ ١٣٤: ورجال البزار رجال الصحيح غير حسين بن مهدى الأيلى وهو ثقة.","vol":"16","page":432},{"text":"أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قَيسٌ، عن الأغَرِّ بنِ الصَّبّاح، عن خَليفَةَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عاصِمٍ أنَّه قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي وأدتُ اثنَيْ (^١) عَشْرَةَ أو ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ بنتًا لِي في الجاهِليَّةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أعتِقْ عَدَدَهُنَّ نَسَمًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٠٧ - أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - صاحَ بامرأةٍ فأسقَطَت، فأعتَقَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - غُرَّةً (^٣). إسنادُه مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3530>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَقديرِ الغُرَّةِ عن بَعضِ الفُقَهاءِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ ويَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، عن رَبيعَةَ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن الغُرَّةَ تُقَوَّمُ خَمسينَ دينارًا أو سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، وديَةُ المَرأةِ خَمسُمِائَةِ دينارٍ أو سِتَّةُ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ، وديَةُ جَنينِها عُشْرُ ديَتِها. قال مالكٌ: فنَرَى أن جَنينَ الأمَةِ عُشرُ قيمَةِ أُمِّهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ، وفي المهذب: \"اثنتى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجمه ٢/ ٣٤٨، والطبراني ١٨/ ٣٣٨ (٨٦٨)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٧٢١) من طريق قيس به. قال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٠٧: قيس لين. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٧/ ١٣٤: وفيه يحيى بن عبد الحميد الحمانى، وهو ضعيف.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١١٧٨٣).\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٨٥٦. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٤٥٨٠) عن ربيعة مقتصرًا على ذكر الغرة.","vol":"16","page":433},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بإِسنادٍ مُنقَطِعٍ أنَّه قَوَّمَ الغُرَّةَ خَمسينَ دينارًا:\n\n١٦٥٠٩ - أنبأنيه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَوَّمَ الغُرَّةَ خَمسينَ دينارًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3531>بابٌ: جَنينُ الأمَةِ فيه عُشرُ قيمَةِ أُمِّهِ لا فرقَ بَيَن أن يَكونَ ذَكَرًا أو أُنثَى</span>\n\n١٦٥١٠ - رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، قال الشّافِعِيُّ رَحمَةُ اللهِ عليه: ولَمّا قَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في جَنينِ الحُرَّةِ بغُرَّةٍ ولَم يُذكَرْ عنه أنَّه سألَ عن الجَنينِ أذَكَرٌ هو أو أُنثَى، وكانَ الجَنينُ هو الحَملَ، فلَمّا كان الحَملُ واحِدًا فسَواءٌ كان ذَكَرًا أو أُنثَى، يَعنِي فهَكَذا جَنينُ الأمَةِ. أخبرَناه أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ رحمةُ اللهُ عليه. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٧٣٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٦٦) مقتصرًا على أول قول الشافعي، والأم ٧/ ٣١٣.","vol":"16","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3532>كتابُ القَسَامةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3533>بابُ أصلِ القَسامَةِ، والبِدايَةِ فيها مَعَ اللَّوْثِ (^١) بأيمانِ المُدَّعِي</span>\n\n١٦٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو لَيلَى ابن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ، أنَّه أخبَرَه رِجالٌ (^٢) مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه - وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ: أنَّه أخبَرَه هو ورِجالٌ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه - أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجا إلَى خَيبَرَ مِن جَهدٍ أصابَهُما، فتَفَرَّقا في حَوائجِهِما، فأُتِي مُحَيِّصَةُ فأُخبِرَ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ قَد قُتِلَ وطُرِحَ في فَقِيرٍ (^٣) أو عَينٍ، فأتَى يَهودَ فقالَ: أنتُم واللهِ قَتَلتُموه. فقالوا: واللهِ ما قَتَلناه. فأقبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ على قَومِه فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهم، فأقبَلَ هو وأخوه حوَيِّصَةُ وهو أكبَرُ مِنه، وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ أخو المقتولِ، فذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ وهو الَّذِي كان بخَيبَرَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لمحَيِّصَةَ: \"كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ\". يُريدُ السِّنَّ، فتَكَلَّمَ حوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إمّا أن يَدُوا صاحِبَكُم، وإِمّا أن يُؤذَنوا\n_________\n(^١) اللوث: البينة الضعيفة غير الكاملة. المصباح المنير ص ٢١٤.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"رجل\".\n(^٣) الفقير: البئر القريبة القعر الواسعة الفم، وقيل: الحفرة التي تكون حول النخل. عون المعبود ٤/ ٣٠٠.","vol":"16","page":435},{"text":"بحَربٍ\". فكَتَبَ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ فكَتَبوا: إنّا واللهِ ما قَتَلناه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لحوَيِّصَةَ ومُحَيِّصَةَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: \"تَحلِفونَ وتَستَحِقّونَ دَمَ صاحِبِكُم؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فتَحلِفُ يَهودُ؟ \". قالوا: لا، لَيسوا بمُسلِمينَ. قال: فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِه، فبَعَثَ إلَيهِم بمِائَةِ ناقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدخِلَت عَلَيهِمُ الدّارَ، فقالَ سَهلٌ: لَقَد رَكَضَتنِي مِنها ناقَةٌ حَمراءُ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ ﵀. رَواه البخاريُّ (^٢) عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وإِسماعيلَ عن مالكٍ، وقالَ في إسنادِه كما قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أنَّه أخبَرَه هو ورِجالٌ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه (^٣). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ وهبٍ ومَعنٌ وغَيرُهُما عن مالكٍ (^٤)، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن بشرِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن مالكٍ، وقالَ في إسنادِه كما قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ: أنَّه أخبَرَه عن رَجُلٍ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِهِ (^٥).\n\n١٦٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عبد المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٦٣)، والمعرفة (٤٩٦٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ٩٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٥/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٧٧.\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨، م: \"في الصحيح\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٧١٩٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٢١)، والنسائي (٤٧٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. ورواية معن ذكرها المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣١٦٣)، وفي المعرفة عقب (٤٩٦٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢٥). وابن ماجه (٢٦٧٧) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٦).","vol":"16","page":436},{"text":"أبي حَثمَةَ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةَ بنَ مَسعودٍ خَرَجا إلَى خَيبَرَ فتَفَرَّقا لحاجَتِهِما، فقُتِلَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ، فانطَلَقَ هو وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ أخو المَقتولِ وحوَيِّصَةُ بن مَسعودٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا له قَتلَ عبد اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ يَمينًا وتَستَحِقّونَ دَمَ قاتِلِكُم؟ أو: صاحِبِكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، لَم نَشهَدْ ولَم نَحضُرْ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ نَقبَلُ أيمانَ قَومٍ كُفّارٍ؟! فزَعَمَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عَقَلَه مِن عِندِه. قال بُشَيرُ بن يَسارٍ: قال سَهلٌ: لَقَد رَكَضَتنِي فريضَةٌ (^١) مِن تِلكَ الفَرائضِ في مِربَدٍ (^٢) لَنا (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن عبد الوَهّابِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ وأحمَدُ بن سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ - قال يَحيَى: وحَسِبتُه قال: وعن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ - أنَّهُما قالا: خَرَجَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلِ بنِ زَيدٍ ومُحَيِّصَةُ بن مَسعودِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حَتَّى إذا كانا بخَيبَرَ تَفَرَّقا في بَعضِ ما هُنالِكَ، ثُمَّ إذا مُحَيِّصَةُ يَجِدُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ قَتيلًا،\n_________\n(^١) المراد بالفريضة هنا الناقة من تلك النوق المفروضة في الدية، وتسمى المدفوعة في الزكاة، أو الدية فريضة؛ لأنها مفروضة، أي: مقدرة بالسن والعدد. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١١/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) المربد: الموضع الذي تحبس فيه الإبل، وهو مثل الحظيرة للغنم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٠٠.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٦/ ٩٠. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢٧) من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وتقدم في (١١٥٤٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٦٩/ عقب ٢).","vol":"16","page":437},{"text":"فدَفَنَه ثُمَّ أقبَلَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - هو وحوَيِّصَةُ بن مَسعودٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ وكانَ أصغَرَ القَوم، فذَهَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ليَتَكَلَّمَ قبلَ صاحِبَيه فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَبِّرْ\". لِلكُبْرِ في السِّنَ، فصَمَتَ وتَكَلَّمَ صاحِباه ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مَعَهُما، فذَكَروا لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَقتَلَ عبد اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ فقالَ لَهُم: \"أتَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ يَمينًا فتَستَحِقّونَ صاحِبَكُم؟ أو: قاتِلَكُم؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ نَحلِفُ ولَم نَشهَدْ؟ قال: \"فتُبرِئُكُم اليَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ نَقبَلُ أيمانَ قَومٍ كُفّارٍ؟ فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أعطَى عَقلَه (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢)، وقالَ البخاريُّ: وقالَ اللَّيثُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ القَواريرِيُّ قالا: حدثنا بشرُ بن المُفَضَّل، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ الأنصارِيُّ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ قال: انطَلَقَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةُ بن مَسعودِ بنِ زَيدٍ إلَى خَيبَرَ وهو يَومَئذٍ صُلحٌ، فتَفَرَّقا في حَوائجِهِما، فأتَى مُحَيِّصَةُ على عبد اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ وهو يَتَشَحَّطُ في دَمِه قَتيلًا، فدَفَنَه ثُمَّ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ، فانطَلَقَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةُ وحوَيِّصَةُ ابنا مَسعودٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فذَهَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَبِّرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٢٢)، والنسائي (٤٧٢٦) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٦٩/ ١).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٦١٤٢).","vol":"16","page":438},{"text":"الكُبْرَ\". وهو أحدَثُ القَومِ فسَكَتَ فتَكَلَّما، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ يَمينًا وتَستَحِقّونَ قاتِلَكُم؟ أو: صاحِبَكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ نَحلِفُ ولَم نَشهَدْ ولَم نَرَ؟ قال: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيفَ نأخُذُ أيمانَ قَومٍ كُفّارٍ؟ قال: فعَقَلَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ القَواريرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الله، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ ومحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ المَعنَى قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ ورافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، أن مُحَيِّصَةَ بنَ مَسعودٍ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ انطَلَقا قِبَلَ خَيبَرَ فتَفَرَّقا في النَّخل، فقُتِلَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ فاتَّهَموا اليَهودَ، فجاءَ أخوه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ وابنا عَمِّه حوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ فأتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فتَكَلَّمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ في أمرِ أخيه وهو أصغَرُهُم، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الكُبْرَ الكُبْرَ\". أو قال: \"ليَبدأِ الأكبَرُ\". فتَكَلَّما في أمرِ صاحِبِهِما، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُقسِمُ خَمسونَ مِنكُم على رَجُلٍ مِنهُم فيُدفَعُ برُمَّتِه (^٣)؟ \". قالوا: أمرٌ لَم نَشهَدْه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢٨، ٤٧٢٩) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٧٣)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ عقب ٢).\n(^٣) الرُّمَّة: قطعة من حبل يشد بها الأسير أو القاتل إذا قيد إلى القود. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٤١٦.","vol":"16","page":439},{"text":"كَيفَ نَحلِفُ؟ قال: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بأيمانِ خَمسينَ مِنهُم؟ \". قالو ا: يا رسولَ اللهِ قَومٌ كُفّارٌ. قال: فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن قِبَلِهِ. قال سَهلٌ: دَخَلتُ مِربَدًا لهم يَومًا فرَكَضَتنِي ناقَةٌ مِن تِلكَ الإبِلِ رَكضَةً برِجلِها. هذا أو نَحوُه لَفظُ حَديثِ الرُّوذبارِيّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي عبد اللهِ: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"استَحِقّوا صاحِبَكُم - أو قال: قَتيلَكُم - بأيمانِ خَمسينَ مِنكُم\". قالوا: أمرٌ لَم نَشهَدْه. قال: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بأيمانِ خَمسينَ مِنهُم؟ \". وَذَكَرَ الباقِيَ بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن القَواريرِيِّ عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رَواه حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ: \"يُقسِمُ خَمسونَ مِنكُم على رَجُلٍ\". ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ كما مَضَى، والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ.\nوأخرَجَه أيضًا مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ وهُشَيمِ بنِ بَشِيرِ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيد عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه ذَكَرَه، لَم يَذكُرا سَهلًا ولا رافِعًا (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن بُشَيرَ بنَ يَسارٍ مَولَى بَنِي حارِثَةَ الأنصاريّينَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٢٠)، وعنه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٠٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٤٢)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٣).\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٨٧٨.","vol":"16","page":440},{"text":"أخبَرَه، وكانَ شَيخًا كَبيرًا فقيهًا، وكانَ قَد أدرَكَ مِن أهلِ دارِه مِن بَنِي حارِثَةَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رِجالًا، مِنهُم رافِعُ بن خَديجٍ وسَهلُ بن أبي حَثمَةَ وسوَيدُ بن النُّعمان، حَدَّثوه أن القَسامَةَ كانَت فيهِم في بَنِي حارِثَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ في رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُدعَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ قُتِلَ بخَيبَرَ، وأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لهم: \"تَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ فتَستَحِقّونَ قاتِلَكُم؟ أو قال: صاحِبَكُم؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما شَهِدْنا ولا حَضَرنا. فزَعَمَ بُشَيرٌ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لهم: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ\". فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ عن يَحيَى فخالَفَ الجَماعَةَ في لَفظِهِ:\n\n١٦٥١٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، سَمِعَ بُشَيرَ بنَ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ قال: وُجِدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ قَتيلًا في قَليبٍ (^٢) مِن قُلُبِ خَيبَرَ، فجاءَه أخوه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ وعَمّاه حوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ، فذَهَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَتَكَلَّمُ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"الكُبْرَ الكُبْرَ\". فتَكَلَّمَ أحَدُ عَمَّيه الكَبيرُ مِنهُما، إمّا حوَيِّصَةُ وإِمّا مُحَيِّصَةُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنّا وجَدنا عبدَ اللهِ قَتيلًا في قَليبٍ مِن قُلُبِ خَيبَرَ. فذَكَرَ يَهودَ وعَداوَتَهُم وشَرَّهُم، قال: \"أفَتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا، يَحلِفونَ أنَّهُم لَم يَقتُلوه؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ نَرضَى بأيمانِهِم وهُم مُشرِكونَ؟ قال: \"فيُقسِمُ مِنكُم خَمسونَ أنَّهُم قَتَلوه؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ نُقسِمُ على ما لَم نَرَهُ؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٩٠. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٠٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أويس به.\n(^٢) القليب: البئر التي لم تطو، وإنما هي حفيرة قلب ترابها فسميت قليبا. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٨٥.","vol":"16","page":441},{"text":"فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِهِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ عن \"عمرِو بنِ محمدٍ النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ، إلا أنَّه لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه وأحالَ به على رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه لَم يُتقِنْه إتقانَ هَؤُلاء، رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عَقِيبَ حَديثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ ثُمَّ قال: إلا أن ابنَ عُيَينَةَ كان لا يُثبِتُ أقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الأنصاريّينَ في الأيمانِ أو يَهودَ؛ فيُقالُ (^٣) في الحَديثِ: إنَّه قَدَّمَ الأنصاريّينَ. فيَقولُ: فهو ذاكَ. أو ما أشبَهَ هَذا. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nورَواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ وبُشَيرِ بنِ أبي كَيسانَ عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ في البِدايَةِ بأيمانِ المُدَّعينَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٥١٨ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن إسحاقَ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٤٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٩١)، والنسائي (٤٧٣١) من طريق سفيان به. وعندهم كرواية الجماعة بتقديم الأنصاريين في الأيمان. وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٠٣٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٩٧ من طريق سفيان به كما أورده المصنف.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٤٠/ عقب ٦٩).\n(^٣) في س، والمعرفة: \"فقال\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٧١)، والشافعي ٦/ ٩٠.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٦٥٣٤).","vol":"16","page":442},{"text":"سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الطّائيّ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، زَعَمَ أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: سَهلُ بن أبي حَثمَةَ. أخبَرَه أنَّ نَفَرًا مِن قَومِه انطَلَقوا إلَى خَيبَرَ فتَفَرَّقوا فيها، فوَجَدوا أحَدَهُم قَتيلًا، فقالوا لِلَّذينَ وجَدوه عِندَهُم: قَتَلتُم صاحِبَنا. قالوا: ما قَتَلنا ولا عَلِمنا. قال: فانطَلَقوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ الله، انطَلَقْنا إلَى خَيبَرَ فوَجَدْنا أحَدَنا قَتيلًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الكُبْرَ الكُبْرَ\". فقالَ لَهُم: \"تأتونَ بالبَيِّنَةِ على مَن قَتَلَ؟ \". قالوا: ما لَنا بَيِّنَةٌ. قال: \"فيَحلِفونَ لَكُم؟ \". قالوا: لا نَرضَى بأيمانِ اليَهودِ. وكَرِهَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُبطِلَ دَمَه فوَداه مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ القَطّانِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ غَيرِه: فوَداه بمائَةٍ مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن سعيدٍ دونَ سياقَةِ مَتنِه (^٢)، وإِنَّما لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه لمخالَفَتِه رِوايَةَ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ. قال مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ في جُملَةِ ما قال في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: وغَيرُ مُشكِلٍ على مَن عَقَلَ التَّمييزَ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ أن يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ أحفَظُ مِن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وأرفَعُ مِنه شأنًا في طَريقِ العِلمِ وأسبابِه، فهو أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٠٦٦)، والمعرفة (٤٩٧٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٢٣)، والنسائي (٤٧٣٣) من طريق أبي نعيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٩٨)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٥).\n(^٣) التمييز ص ٢٩.","vol":"16","page":443},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وإن صَحَّت رِوايَةُ سعيدٍ فهِيَ لا تُخالِفُ رِوايَةَ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن بُشَيرِ بَنِ يَسارٍ؛ لأنَّه قَد يُريدُ بالبَيِّنَةِ الأيمانَ مَعَ اللَّوثِ كما فسَّرَه يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، وقَد يُطالِبُهُم بالبَيِّنَةِ كما في هَذِه الرِّوايَةِ ثُمَّ يَعرِضُ عَلَيهِمُ الأيمانَ مَعَ وُجودِ اللَّوث، كما في رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّها على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِم عِندَ نُكولِ المُدَّعينَ كما في الرِّوايَتَينِ.\n\n١٦٥١٩ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيُّ (^١)، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بُجَيدِ (^٢) بنِ قَيظِيٍّ أخِي بَنِي حارِثَةَ - قال ابنُ إبراهيمَ: وايمُ اللهِ ما كان سَهلٌ بأكثَرَ عِلمًا مِنه ولَكِنَّه كان أسَنَّ مِنه - أنَّه قال له: واللهِ ما هَكَذا كان الشّأنُ، ولَكِن سَهلٌ أوهَمَ، ما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: احلِفوا على ما لا عِلمَ لَكُم به. ولَكِنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى يَهودِ خَيبَرَ حينَ كَلَّمَتْه الأنصارُ: \"إنَّه وُجِدَ فيكُم قَتيلٌ بَينَ أبياتِكُم فدُوه\". فكَتَبوا إلَيه يَحلِفونَ باللهِ ما قَتَلوه ولا يَعلَمونَ له قاتِلًا. فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِهِ (^٣).\nفقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، قال: ومِن كِتابِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"التميمى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) في س: \"بجيلة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٥٤١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٥٨٣) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.","vol":"16","page":444},{"text":"فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقالَ لِي قائلٌ: ما مَنَعَكَ أن تأخُذَ بحَديثِ ابنِ بُجَيدٍ؟ قال: لا أعلمُ ابنَ بُجَيدٍ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فهو مُرسَلٌ، ولَسنا ولا إيّاكَ نُثبِتُ المُرسَلَ، وقَد عَلِمتُ سَهلًا صَحِبَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وسَمِعَ مِنه، وساقَ الحديثَ سياقًا لا يُشبِهُ إلا الإثباتَ فأخَذتُ به لما وصَفتُ. قال: فما مَنَعَكَ أن تأخُذَ بحَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ؟ قُلتُ: مُرسَلٌ، والقَتيلُ أنصارِيٌّ، والأنصاريّونَ بالعِنايَةِ أولَى بالعِلمِ به مِن غَيرِهِم إذا كان كُلٌّ ثِقَةً، وكُلٌّ عِندَنا بنِعمَةِ اللهِ ثِقَةٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأنَّه عَنَى بحَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ الحديثَ الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٥٢٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رِجالٍ مِنَ الأنصار، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال ليَهودَ وبَدأ بهِم: \"يَحلِفُ مِنكُم خَمسونَ رَجُلًا؟ \". فأبَوا، فقالَ لِلأنصارِ: استَحِقّوا. فقالوا: نَحلِفُ على الغَيبِ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟! فجَعَلَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على يَهودَ؛ لأنَّه وُجِدَ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ بتَركِ تَسميَةِ الَّذينَ حَدَّثوهُما، وهو يُخالِفُ الحديثَ المُتَّصِلَ في البِدايَةِ بالقَسامَةِ وفِي إعطاءِ الدّيَة، والثّابِتُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه ودَاه مِن عِندِه.\nوقَد خالَفَه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وغَيرُه في لَفظِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٧٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٥٢٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٢٥٢).","vol":"16","page":445},{"text":"١٦٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رافِعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانُ بن يَسارٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أقَرَّ القَسامَةَ على ما كانَت عَلَيه في الجاهِليَّة، فقَضَى بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ ناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ في قَتيلٍ ادَّعَوه على اليَهودِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، إلا أن حَديثَ يونُسَ مُختَصَرٌ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٢٢ - ورَواه عُقَيلٌ كما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُناسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أن القَسامَةَ كانَت في الجاهِليَّةِ قَسامَةَ الدَّم، فأقَرَّها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على ما كانَت عَلَيه في الجاهِليَّة، وقَضَى بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ أُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن بَنِي حارِثَةَ ادَّعَوا على اليَهودِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٥٤)، وعنه أحمد (٢٣٦٦٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢٢) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وسيأتي في (١٦٥٤٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٧٠/ ٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٧٠/ ...) من طريق صالح، وفي (١٦٧٠/ ٧) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٩٨)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٠٤٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٥٨١) من طريق الليث به. وعند أحمد: \"إنسان من الأنصار\" بدلًا من: \"أناس من أصحاب رسول الله - ﷺ -\".","vol":"16","page":446},{"text":"ورَواه يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ عن عُقَيلٍ وغَيرِه كما:\n\n١٦٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزّازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن عبد الواحِد، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلٌ وقُرَّةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ في القَسامَةِ أن يَحلِفَ خَمسونَ رَجُلًا خَمسينَ يَمينًا، فإِن نَكَلَ واحِدٌ مِنهُم لَم يُعطَوُا الدَّمَ (^١). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nواحتَجَّ أصحابُنا بما:\n\n١٦٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا الزَّنجِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"البَيِّنَةُ على مَنِ ادَّعَى، واليَمينُ على مَن أنكَرَ، إلا في القَسامَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بن الحَكَم، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ وهو الزَّنجِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٧٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٩٦). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١١١، ٤/ ٢١٨ من طريق مطرف به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢١٣: مسلم لين (يعنى الزنجى).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٦٩).","vol":"16","page":447},{"text":"وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٦٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن يوسُفَ اليَرْبوعِيُّ في بَنِي حَرامٍ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بن سُلَيمٍ أبو الأحوَصِ، عن الكَلبِيِّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: وُجِدَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ قَتيلًا في داليَةِ ناسٍ مِنَ اليَهود، فبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَيهِم، فأخَذَ مِنهُم خَمسينَ رَجُلًا مِن خيارِهِم فاستَحلَفَهُم باللهِ: ما قَتَلنا ولا عَلِمنا قاتِلًا. وجَعَلَ عَلَيهِمُ الدّيَةَ، فقالوا: لَقَد قَضَى بما قَضَى فينا نَبيُّنا موسَى ﵇ (^١). فهَذا لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ؛ الكَلبِيُّ مَتروكٌ (^٢) وأبو صالِحٍ هذا ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليٌّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الحَفيدُ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد الصَّمَد، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سُفيانَ قال: قال لِيَ الكَلبِيُّ: قال لِي أبو صالِحٍ: كُلُّ ما حَدَّثتُكَ به كَذِبٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٩ من طريق أبي الأحوص به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٦٤٦).\n(^٣) أبو صالح مولى أم هانئ، اسمه: باذام، ويقال: باذان. ويقال: ذ كوان. ينظر الكلام عيه في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٤٤، والجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٣٥، والثقات ٥/ ٤٢٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٦، ٣٣/ ٤٢٣. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٩٣: ضعيف يرسل.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٠١، وابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٢٥٥ من طريق علي بن المدينى به. وابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٧٣ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":448},{"text":"١٦٥٢٧ - وأمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن عامِرٍ يَعنِي الشَّعبِيَّ، أن قَتيلًا وُجِدَ في خَرِبَةٍ مِن خَرِبَةِ وادِعَةِ هَمْدانَ، فرُفِعَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فأحلَفَهُم خَمسينَ يَمينًا: ما قَتَلنا ولا عَلِمْنا قاتِلًا. ثُمَّ غَرَّمَهُمُ الدّيَةَ، ثُمَّ قال: يا مَعشَرَ هَمْدانَ حَقَنتُم دِماءَكم بأيمانِكُم، فما يُبطلُ دَمَ هذا الرَّجُلِ المُسلِمِ؟\n\n١٦٥٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كَتَبَ في قَتيلٍ وُجِدَ بَينَ خَيوانَ (^١) ووادِعَةَ (^٢) أن يُقاسَ ما بَينَ القَريَتَينِ فإِلَى أيِّهِما كان أقرَبَ أَخرَجَ إلَيه (^٣) مِنهُم خَمسينَ رَجُلًا حَتَّى يوافُونَه مَكَّةَ، فأدخَلَهُمُ الحِجرَ فأحلَفَهُم ثُمَّ قَضَى عَلَيهِم بالدّيَة، فقالوا: ما وَقَتْ أموالُنا أيمانَنا، ولا أيمانُنا أموالَنا. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: كَذَلِكَ الأمرُ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقالَ غَيرُ سُفيانَ: عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ عن الشَّعبِيِّ، قال\n_________\n(^١) خيوان: اسم القبيلة أطلق على بلدة ما زالت عامرة شمال صنعاء، بينها وبين صعدة. المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٢١.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"ووداعة\".\n(^٣) في م: \"إليهم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة ٦/ ٢٦٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٦٩) من طريق الشعبي به.","vol":"16","page":449},{"text":"عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: حَقَنتُم بأيمانِكُم دِماءَكَم، ولا يُطَلُّ (^١) دَمُ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\nفقَد ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في الجَوابِ عنه ما يُخالِفونَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - في هذه القِصَّةِ مِنَ الأحكام، ثُمَّ قيلَ له: أفَثابِتٌ هو عِندَكَ؟ قال: لا، إنَّما رَواه الشَّعبِيُّ عن الحارِثِ الأعوَر، والحارِثُ مُجهولٌ (^٣)، ونَحنُ نُرَوَّى عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالإِسنادِ الثّابِتِ أنَّه بَدأ بالمُدَّعينَ، فلَمّا لَم يَحلِفوا قال: \"فتُبرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا؟ \". وإِذ قال: \"تُبرِئُكُم\". فلا يَكونُ عَلَيهِم غَرامَةٌ، ولما لَم يَقبَلِ الأنصاريّونَ أيمانَهُم ودَاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ولَم يَجعَلْ على يَهودَ - والقَتيلُ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم - شَيئًا (^٤).\nقال الرَّبيعُ: أخبرَنِي بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ عن جَريرٍ عن مُغيرَةَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: حارِثٌ الأعوَرُ كان كَذّابًا (^٥).\nورُوِيَ عن مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن مَسروقٍ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^٦). ومُجالِدٌ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"يبطل\". ويطل: أي يهدر. النهاية ٣/ ١٣٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة ٦/ ٢٦٤، والشافعي ٧/ ١٣.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ١٤.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: كاذبًا\".\nوالأثر أخرجه أبو زرعة الرازي في أجوبته ٢/ ٥٨٧، ومسلم في مقدمة صحيحه ١/ ١٩ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٦٦) من طريق مجالد عن الشعبى أن قتيلًا وجد بين وادعة وشاكر فأمرهم عمر ...\n(^٧) تقدم في (٧٤٤٩).","vol":"16","page":450},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عن مُطَرِّفٍ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن الحارِثِ بنِ الأزمَعِ عن عُمَرَ (^١). وأبو إسحاقَ لَم يَسمَعْه (^٢) مِنَ الحارِثِ بنِ الأزمَع، قال عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ: عن أبي زَيدٍ عن شُعبَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَ الحارِثِ بنِ الأزمَع، أن قَتيلًا وُجِدَ بَينَ وادِعَةَ وخَيوانَ فقُلتُ: يا أبا إسحاقَ مَن حَدَّثَكَ؟ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مُجالِدٌ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن الحارِثِ بنِ الأزمَعِ. فعادَت رِوايَةُ أبي إسحاقَ إلَى حَديثِ مُجالِدٍ، واختُلِفَ فيه على مُجالِدٍ في إسنادِه، ومُجالِدٌ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٣)، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٥٢٩ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنِي أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريا، حدثنا هِشامُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعلَى، عن عُمَرَ بنِ صُبحٍ (^٤)، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: لما حَجَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حَجَّتَه الأخيرَةَ التي لَم يَحُجَّ غَيرَها غودِرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَتيلًا ببَنِي وادِعَةَ (٣)، فبَعَثَ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ، وذَلِكَ بعدَما قَضَى النُّسُكَ، وقالَ لَهُم: هَل عَلِمتُم لهَذا القَتيلِ قاتِلًا مِنكُم؟ قال القَومُ: لا. فاستَخرَجَ مِنهُم خَمسينَ شَيخًا فأدخَلَهُمُ الحَطيمَ (^٥) فاستَحلَفَهُم باللهِ رَبِّ هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٦٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وفيه: \"أرحب\". بدلًا من: \"خيوان\".\n(^٢) في م: \"يسمع\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٤٤٩).\n(^٤) في س، وسنن الدارقطني: \"صبيح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٩٦.\n(^٥) الحطيم: هو ما بين الركن والباب، وقيل: هو الحجر المخرج منها سمِّي به؛ لأن البيت رفع وترك هو محطومًا. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٣.","vol":"16","page":451},{"text":"البَيتِ الحَرامِ، ورَبِّ هذا البَلَدِ الحَرامِ، ورَبِّ هذا الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، أنَّكُم لَم تَقتُلوه ولا عَلِمتُم له قاتِلًا، فحَلَفوا بذَلِكَ، فلَمّا حَلَفوا قال: أدّوا دِيتَة (^١) مُغَلَّظَةً في أسنانِ الإبِل، أو مِنَ الدَّنانيرِ والدَّراهِمِ ديَةً وثُلُثًا. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم يُقالُ له سِنانٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أما تَجزينِي يَمينِي مِن مالِي؟ قال: لا، إنَّما قَضَيتُ عَلَيكُم بقَضاءِ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ -. فأخَذوا ديَتَه دَنانيرَ ديَةً وثُلُثَ ديَةٍ. قال عليٌّ: عُمَرُ بن صُبحٍ مَتروكُ الحَديثِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: رَفعُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنكَرٌ، وهو مَعَ انقِطاعِه في رُواتِه (^٣) مَن أجمَعوا على تَركِه.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: والموتَصِلُ أولَى أن يُؤخَذَ به مِنَ المُنقَطِع، والأنصاريّونَ أعلمُ بحَديثِ صاحِبِهِم مِن غَيرِهِم (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ويُروَى عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه بَدَّأ المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِم ثُمَّ رَدَّ الأيمانَ على المُدَّعينَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"دية\". وينظر مصدر التخريج.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٨.\nوالحديث عند الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٠. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢١٥: ومحمد بن يعلى بن زنبور متروك. وعمر بن صبح الخراساني السمرقندي، أبو نعيم. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١١٦، والمجروحين ١/ ١٧٧، ١٧٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٣٩٦، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٦٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤١٤: متروك.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"رواية\".\n(^٤) اختلاف الحديث ص ٥٦٠.\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ١٤.","vol":"16","page":452},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ وعِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي سَعدِ بنِ لَيثٍ أجرَى فرَسًا فوَطِئَ على إصبَعِ رَجُلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ؟ فنُزِيَ مِنها فماتَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِلَّذينَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيهِم: أتَحلِفونَ باللهِ خَمسينَ يَمينًا ما ماتَ مِنها؟ فأبَوا وتَحَرَّجوا مِنَ الأيمان، فقالَ للآخَرينَ: احلِفوا أنتُم. فأبَوا، فقَضَى عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - بشَطرِ الدّيَةِ على السَّعديّينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3534>بابُ ما رُوِيَ في القَتيلِ يوجَدُ بَيَن قَريَتَيِن، ولا يَصِحُّ</span>\n\n١٦٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو إسرائيلَ، عن عَطيَّةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن قَتيلًا وُجِدَ بَينَ حَيَّين، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُقاسَ إلَى أيِّهِما أقرَبُ، فوُجِدَ أقرَبَ إلَى أحَدِ الحَيَّينِ بشِبرٍ. قال أبو سعيدٍ: كأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَى شِبرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فألقَى ديَتَه عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بن الحُباب، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، عن أبي إسرائيلَ المُلائيِّ بنَحوِهِ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به أبو إسرائيلَ عن عَطيَّةَ العَوفِيِّ، وكِلاهُما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٠٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٧، ٢٣٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٥١. وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٧٥).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٣٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٤١) من طريق أبي إسرائيل به بنحوه.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ١/ ٢٨٧.","vol":"16","page":453},{"text":"لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِهِما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3535>بابُ ما جاءَ في القَتلِ (^٢) بالقَسامَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الهَيثَمُ بن خَلَفٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، حدثنا مَعنٌ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبي لَيلَى بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ أنَّه أخبَرَه هو ورِجالٌ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ ومُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجا إلَى خَيبَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِ عبد اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ، وأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَحلِفونَ وتَستَحِقّونَ دَمَ صاحِبِكُم؟ \" (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبارِ العُطارِدِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ وبُشَيرُ بن أبي كَيسانَ مَولَى بَنِي حارِثَةَ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ قال: أُصيبَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ بخَيبَرَ وكانَ خَرَجَ إلَيها في أصحابٍ له يَمتارونَ (^٤) تَمرًا،\n_________\n(^١) إسماعيل بن أبي إسحاق الملائي أبو إسرائيل. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الصغير ١/ ١٩، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ١/ ١٥٢، والمجروحين ١/ ١٢٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣/ ٧٧، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٤٩٠، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٠٧: صدوق سيئ الحفظ، نسب إلى الغلو في التشيع.\nوعطية العوفي تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٢٨٠٣).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"القتيل\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٥١١).\n(^٤) يمتارون: يجلبون. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ١٦٢ (م ي ر).","vol":"16","page":454},{"text":"فوُجِدَ في عَينٍ قَد كُسِرَ (^١) عُنُقُه ثُمَّ ضُرِّحَ عَلَيه، فأخَذوه فغَيَّبوه ثُمَّ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا له شأنَه؛ فتَقَدَّمَ إلَيه أخوه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ومَعَه ابنا عَمِّه حوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ ابنا مَسعودٍ، وكانَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ أحدَثَهُم سِنًّا، وكانَ صاحِبَ الدَّم، وكانَ ذا قَدَمِ (^٢) القَوم، فلَمّا تَكَلَّمَ قبلَ بَنِي عَمِّه قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الكُبْرَ الكُبْرَ\". فتَكَلَّمَ حوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ هو بَعدُ، فذَكَرَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَتلَ صاحِبِهِم، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تُسَمّونَ قاتِلَكُم ثُمَّ تَحلِفونَ عَلَيه خَمسينَ يَمينًا فنُسَلِّمُه إلَيكُم؟ \". قالوا: ما كُنّا نَحلِفُ على ما لا نَعلَمُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فيَحلِفونَ باللهِ لَكُم خَمسينَ يَمينًا ما قَتَلوه ولا يَعلَمونَ له قاتِلًا ثُمَّ يَبرَءونَ مِن دَمِه؟ \". فقالوا: ما كُنّا لِنَقبَلَ أيمانَ يَهودَ، ما فيهِم مِنَ الكُفرِ أعظَمُ مِن أن يَحلِفوا على إثمٍ. فوَدَاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن عِندِه مِائَةَ ناقَةٍ، فقالَ سَهلٌ: فواللهِ ما أنسَى بكرَةً (^٣) مِنها حَمراءَ ضَرَبَتنِي برِجلِها وأنا أحوزُها (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بن خالِدٍ وكَثيرُ بن عُبَيدٍ قالا: حدثنا (^٥) الوَليدُ (ح) قال\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"كسرت\".\n(^٢) ذا قدم: أي ذا سَبْق وتقدم؛ لأنه الأقرب إلى المقتول. ينظر التاج ٣٣/ ٢٣٥ (ق دم).\n(^٣) البَكر: الفتيّ من الإبل، بمنزلة الغلام من الناس، والأنثى بَكرة. النهاية ١/ ١٤٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (١٨٣، ٢٥٧)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٦٠١ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به، وأحمد (١٦٠٩٦)، والدارمى (٢٣٩٨) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق بنحوه دون ذكر الزهري.\n(^٥) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"أبو\".","vol":"16","page":455},{"text":"أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بن الصَّبّاحِ بنِ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا الوَليدُ، عن أبي عمرٍو، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قَتَلَ بالقَسامَةِ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي نصرِ (^١) بنِ مالكٍ ببحرَةِ (^٢) الرِّعاءِ (^٣) على شَطِّ لِيَّةَ (^٤). فقالَ (^٥): القاتِلُ والمَقتولُ مِنهُم. قال أبو داودَ: وهَذا لَفظُ مَحمودٍ: ببَحرَةِ. أقامَه مَحمودٌ وحدَه (^٦). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وما قَبلَه مُحتَمِلٌ لاستِحقاقِ الدّيَةِ؛ فإِنَّها بالدَّمِ تُستَحَقُّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٥٣٦ - ورَوَى أيضًا أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن حَمادٍ عن قَتادَةَ وعامِرٍ الأحوَلِ عن أبي المُغيرَة، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أقادَ بالقَسامَةِ بالطّائفِ. وهو أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٧).\n\n١٦٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"نضر\". وينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) البحرة: البلدة. تقول الحرب: هذه بحرتنا. أي بلدتنا. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٣. وتقرأ بضم الباء وفتحها.\nينظر معجم ما استعجم ١/ ٢٢٩، ومراصد الاطلاع ١/ ١٦٧.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ.\nولم نجد موضعا بهذا الاسم. وبحرة الرغاء: موضع على بعد (١٥) كيلًا جنوب الطائف. وينظر القاموس المحيط ٤/ ٣٣٨ (ر غ و)، وعون المعبود ٤/ ٣٠١، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ٢٥٥.\n(^٤) لية: واد لثقيف، أو جبل بالطائف أعلاه لثقيف وأسفله لنصر بن معاوية. القاموس المحيط ٤/ ٣٩٠ (ل وى).\n(^٥) أي محمود بن خالد. كما في عون المعبود ٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٤٥٢٢). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٧٦): ضعيف معضل.\n(^٧) المراسيل (٢٦٩). وعنده: عاصم. بدلًا من: عامر. وينظر التحفة (١٩٥٩٤).","vol":"16","page":456},{"text":"بخُسرَوجِردَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بن مِينا قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّنادِ أن أباه قال: كان مَن أدرَكتُ مِن فُقَهائِنا الذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم يَعنِي مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ يَقولونَ: يَبدأُ باليَمينِ في القَسامَةِ الذينَ يَجيئونَ مِنَ الشَّهادَةِ على اللَّطخِ (^١) والشُّبهَةِ الخَفيَّةِ ما لا يَجِيءُ خُصَماؤُهُم، وحَيثُ كان ذَلِكَ كانَتِ القَسامَةُ لهم.\n\n١٦٥٣٨ - قال أبو الزِّنادِ: وأخبَرَنِي خارِجَةُ بن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ قَتَلَ وهو سَكرانُ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَه بشُوبَقٍ (^٢) ولَم يَكُنْ على ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قاطِعَةٌ إلا لَطخٌ أو شَبيهُ ذَلِكَ، وفِي النّاسِ يَومَئذٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومِن فُقَهاءِ النّاسِ ما لا يُحصَى، وما اختَلَفَ اثنانِ مِنهُم أن يَحلِفَ وُلاةُ المَقتولِ ويَقتُلوا أو يَستَحيُوا، فحَلَفوا (^٣) خَمسينَ يَمينًا وقَتَلوا، وكانوا يُخبِرونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى بالقَسامَةِ ويَرَونَها لِلَّذِي يأتِي به مِنَ اللَّطخِ والشُّبهَةِ أقوَى مِمّا يأتِي به خَصمُه، ورأَوا ذَلِكَ في الصُّهَيبِيِّ حينَ قَتَلَه الحاطِبيّونَ وفِي غَيرِهِ.\nورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن ابنِ أبي الزِّناد، وزادَ فيه أن مُعاويَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) اللطخ: التهمة. فتح الباري ١/ ١٨٣.\n(^٢) الشوبق بالضم: خشبة الخباز، وهو معرَّب. وقد ضبط في الأصل بفتح الشين. ينظر القاموس المحيط (ش ب ق)، والتاج ٢٥/ ٤٩٠ (ش ب ق). وضبط في التاج (ط م ل) كجَوْهر. ومثله في القاموس المحيط ضبط قلم.\n(^٣) في س: \"يحلفوا\".","vol":"16","page":457},{"text":"سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ: إن كان ما ذَكَرنا له حَقًّا أن يُحَلِّفَنا على القاتِلِ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمَه (^١) إلَينا (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، أن هِشامَ بنَ عُروةَ أخبَرَه أن رَجُلًا مِن آلِ حاطِبِ بنِ أبي بَلتَعَةَ كانَت بَينَه وبَينَ رَجُلٍ مِن آلِ صُهَيبٍ مُنازَعَةٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِه، قال: فرَكِبَ يَحيَى بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ إلَى عبد المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ في ذَلِكَ، فقَضَى بالقَسامَةِ على سِتَّةِ نَفَرٍ مِن آلِ حاطِبٍ، فثَنَّى عَلَيهِمُ الأيمانَ، فطَلَبَ آلُ حاطِبٍ أن يَحلِفوا على اثنَينِ ويَقتُلوهُما، فأبَى عبدُ المَلِكِ إلا أن يَحلِفوا على واحِدٍ فيَقتُلوه، فحَلَفوا على الصُّهَيبِيِّ فقَتَلوه. قال هِشامٌ: فلَم يُنكِرْ ذَلِكَ عُروَةُ ورأى أن قَد أُصيبَ فيه الحَقُّ (^٣).\nورُوّينا فيه عن الزُّهرِيِّ ورَبيعَةَ، ويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ وابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّهُما أقادا بالقَسامَةِ (^٤).\nويُذكَرُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ أنَّه رَجَعَ عن ذَلِكَ وقالَ: إن وجَدَ أصحابُه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"تسلمه\"، وفي م: \"يسلم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٤٨٠٥)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٥/ ٣٩٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٤/ ٣٠٦ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٨٦) عن الزهري، وفي (٢٨٢٨٥) عن عمر بن عبد العزيز وابن الزبير.","vol":"16","page":458},{"text":"بَيِّنَةً وإِلا فلا تَظلِمِ (^١) النّاسَ، فإِنَّ هذا لا يُقضَى فيه إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3536>بابُ تَركِ القَوَدِ بالقَسامَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ مَولَى أبي قِلابَةَ قال: كان أبو قِلابَةَ عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ فسألَهُم عن القَسامَةِ قالوا: أقادَ بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ والخُلَفاءُ - ﵁ -. قال: ما تَقولُ يا أبا قِلابَةَ؟ قال: عِندَكَ رُءوسُ الأجنادِ وأشرافُ العَرَب، شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ حِمصَ على رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ دِمَشقَ أنَّه سَرَقَ ولَم يَرَوْه، أكُنتَ تَقطَعُهُ؟ قال: لا. قال: شَهِدَ أربَعَةٌ مِن أهلِ دِمَشقَ على رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ حِمصَ أنَّه زَنَى ولَم يَرَوْه، أكُنتَ تَرجُمُهُ؟ قال: لا. قال: فهَذا أشبَهُ، واللهِ ما عَلِمْنا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَتَلَ أحَدًا إلا أن يَقتُلَ رَجُلًا فيُقتَلَ بهِ. قال عَنبَسَةُ بن سعيدٍ: فأينَ حَديثُ العُرَنيّينَ؟ فقالَ أبو قِلابَةَ: إيّايَ حَدَّثَ (^٣) أنَسُ بن مالكٍ؛ حدثنا أنَسُ بن مالكٍ أن قَومًا مِن عُكلٍ أو عُرَينَةَ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاجتَوَوُا المَدينَةَ، فأمَرَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بلِقاحٍ، وأمَرَهُم أن يَشرَبوا مِن ألبانِها وأبوالِها فانطَلَقوا، فلَمّا صَحُّوا قَتَلوا راعِيَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - واستاقوا النَّعَمَ، فبَلَغَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَبَرُهُم مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ فبَعَثَ في آثارِهِم،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"نظلم\".\n(^٢) ذكره البخاري تعليقًا قبل (٦٨٩٨).\n(^٣) في م، والمهذب ٦/ ٣٢١٧: \"حدثه\"، وفي س: \"حديث\".","vol":"16","page":459},{"text":"فما ارتَفَعَ النَّهارُ حَتَّى أُتِيَ بهِم، فأمَرَ بهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُطعَت أيديهِم وأرجُلُهُم وسُمِرَت أعيُنُهُم، وأُلقُوا في الحَرَّةِ يَستَسقُونَ فلا يُسقَونَ حَتَّى ماتوا، فهَؤُلاءِ قَومٌ قَتَلوا وسَرَقوا وكَفَروا بعدَ إيمانِهِم. فقالَ عَنبَسَةُ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! فقالَ أبو قِلابَةَ: أتَتَّهِمُنِي يا عَنبَسَةُ؟ قال: لا، ولَكِن هذا الجُندُ لا يَزالُ بخَيرٍ ما أبقاكَ اللهُ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن هارونَ الحَمّالِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، [ورواه] (^٢) مُختَصَرًا (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن أبي عثمانَ الصَّوّافُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ بنُ أبي خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ الصَّوّافُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو رَجاءٍ مَولَى أبي قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو قِلابَةَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبد العَزيزِ أبرَزَ سَريرَه يَومًا لِلناسِ فأذِنَ لَهُم فدَخَلوا عَلَيه فقالَ: ما تَقولونَ في القَسامَةِ؟ قال: فأضَبَّ النّاسُ (^٤) قالوا: نَقولُ: القَوَدُ بها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٤١٩٣) من طريق حماد به. ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ١٢) من طريق أبي رجاء به. وتقدم حديث العرنيين في (١٦١٧٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٣)، وفيه: عن أيوب عن أبي قلابة. ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ١١) وأحال على رواية حجاج بن أبي عثمان، وهي الرواية التالية.\n(^٤) أضب الناس: سكتوا مطرقين. فتح الباري ١٢/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"16","page":460},{"text":"حَقٌّ، قَد أقادَت بها الخُلَفاءُ. قال: ما تَقولُ يا أبا قِلابَةَ؟ ونَصَبَنِي لِلنّاسِ، قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، عِندَكَ رُءوسُ الأجنادِ وأشرافُ العَرَبِ، أرأيتَ لَو أنَّ خَمسينَ مِنهُم شَهِدوا على رَجُلٍ [بدِمَشقَ مُحصِنٍ] (^١) أنَّه قَد زَنَى لَم يَرَوْه، أكُنتَ تَرجُمُهُ؟ قال: لا. قُلتُ: أفَرأيتَ لَو أن خَمسينَ مِنهُم شَهِدوا على رَجُلٍ بحِمصَ أنَّه سَرَقَ لَم يَرَوْه، أكُنتَ تَقطَعُهُ؟ قال: لا. قُلتُ: فواللهِ ما قَتَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحَدًا قَطُّ إلا في إحدَى ثَلاثِ خِصالٍ؛ رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ بجَريرَةِ (^٢) نَفسِه يُقتَلُ، أو رَجُلٌ زَنَى بعدَ إحصانٍ، أو رَجُلٌ حارَبَ اللهَ ورسولَه وارتَدَّ عن الإسلامِ. قال: فقالَ القَومُ: أوَ لَيسَ قَد حَدَّثَ أنَسُ بن مالكٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في السَّرَقِ وسَمَرَ الأعيُنَ ونَبَذَهُم في الشَّمسِ حَتَّى ماتوا؟ فقُلتُ: أنا أُحَدِّثُكُم حَديثَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ؛ إيّايَ حَدَّثَ أنَسُ بن مالكٍ، أن نَفَرًا مِن عُكلٍ ثَمانيَةً قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فبايَعوه على الإسلامِ واستَوخَموا الأرضَ (^٣) وسَقِمَت أجسامُهُم فشَكَوا ذَلِكَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ألا تَخرُجونَ مع راعينا في إبِلِه فتُصيبونَ مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها؟ \". قالو ا: بَلَى. فخَرَجوا فشَرِبوا مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها فصَحُّوا وقَتَلوا الرّاعِيَ واطَّرَدوا (^٤) النَّعَمَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فبَعَثَ في آثارِهِم فأُدرِكوا، فجِيءَ بهِم، فأمَرَ بهِم فقُطِّعَت أيديهِم وأرجُلُهُم وسُمِرَت أعيُنُهُم،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"بحمص\".\n(^٢) الجريرة: الجناية. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٤٤.\n(^٣) استوخموا الأرض: أي استثقلوها ولم يوافق هواؤها أبدانهم. النهاية ٥/ ١٦٤.\n(^٤) اطردوا: أخرجوها طردًا، أي: سوقًا. فتح الباري ٨/ ٢٧٤.","vol":"16","page":461},{"text":"ونُبِذوا في الشَّمسِ حَتَّى ماتوا. قُلتُ: وأيُّ شَئٍ أشَدُّ ممّا صنَعَ هَؤُلاءِ؟! ارتَدّوا عن الإسلامِ وقَتَلوا وسَرَقوا. فقالَ عَنبَسَةُ بن سعيدٍ: واللهِ إنْ سَمِعتُ كاليَومِ قَطُّ. فقُلتُ: أتَرُدُّ عليَّ حَديثِي يا عَنبَسَةُ؟ فقالَ: لا، ولَكِن جِئتَ بالحَديثِ على وجهِهِ، واللهِ لا يَزالُ هذا الجُندُ بخَيرٍ ما عاشَ هذا الشيخُ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم.\nقُلتُ: وقَد كان في هذا سُنَّةٌ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيه نَفَرٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فتَحَدَّثوا عِندَه، فخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم بَينَ أيديهِم فقُتِلَ، فخَرَجوا بَعدَه فإِذا هُم بصاحِبِهِم (^١) يَتَشَحَّطُ في الدَّم، فرَجَعوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، صاحِبُنا كان يَتَحَدَّثُ معنا، فخَرَجَ بَينَ أيدينا، فإِذا نَحنُ به يَتَشَحَّطُ في الدَّمِ. فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"بمَن تَظُنّونَ؟ أو: مَن تُرَونَ قَتَلَه؟ \". قالوا: نَرَى أن اليَهودَ قَتَلَته. فأرسَلَ إلَى اليَهودِ فدَعاهُم فقالَ: \"أنتُم قَتلتُم هذا؟ \" قالوا: لا. قال: \"أتَرضَونَ نَفْلَ (^٢) خَمسينَ مِنَ اليَهودِ ما قَتَلوه؟ \". فقالوا: ما يُبالونَ أن يَقتُلونا أجمَعينَ ثُمَّ يَنفِلونَ. قال: \"أفَتَستَحِقّونَ الدّيَةَ بأيمانِ خَمسينَ مِنكُم؟ \". قالوا: ما كُنّا لِنَحلِفَ. فوَدَاه مِن عِندِهِ.\nقُلتُ: وقَد كانَت هُذَيلٌ خَلَعوا خَليعًا لَهُم في الجاهِليَّة، فطَرَقَ (^٣) أهلَ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"بصاحبه\". وضبب عيها في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"بصاحبهم ح\".\n(^٢) النفل: اليمين، وسميت القسامة نفلا لأن الدم ينفل بها، أي: ينفى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢.\n(^٣) ضبطت في البخاري بفح الطاء والراء وكذا في الأصل بفتح الراء، وقال ابن حجر: بضم الطاء، أي: هجم عليهم ليلًا في خفية ليسرق منهم. فتح الباري ١٢/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"16","page":462},{"text":"بَيتٍ مِنَ اليَمَنِ بالبَطحاءِ، فانْتَبَه (^١) له رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فحَذَفَه بالسَّيفِ فقَتَلَه، فجاءَت هُذَيلٌ فأخَذوا اليَمانِيَ فرَفَعوه إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بالمَوسِمِ وقالوا: قَتَلَ صاحِبَنا. فقالَ: إنَّهُم قَد خَلَعوه. فقالَ: يُقسِمُ خَمسونَ مِن هُذَيلٍ ما خَلَعوا. قال: فأقسَم مِنهُم تِسعَةٌ وأربَعونَ رَجُلًا وقَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم مِنَ الشّامِ فسألوه أن يُقسِمَ فافتَدَى يَمينَه مِنهُم بألفِ دِرهَمٍ، فأدخَلوا مَكانَه رَجُلًا آخَرَ، فدَفَعَه إلَى أخِي المَقتولِ فقُرِنَت يَدُه بيَدِهِ. قال: فانطَلَقا والخَمسونَ الذينَ أقسَموا، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بنَخلَةَ أخَذَتهُمُ السَّماءُ، فدَخَلوا في غارٍ في الجَبَل، فانهَجَمَ الغارُ على الخَمسينَ الذينَ أقسَموا فماتوا جَميعًا وأُفلِتَ القَرينانِ واتَّبَعَهُما حَجَرٌ فكَسَرَ رِجلَ أخِي المَقتول، فعاشَ حَولًا ثُمَّ ماتَ.\nقُلتُ: وقَد كان عبدُ المَلِكِ بن مَروانَ أقادَ رَجُلًا بالقَسامَة، ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بعدَ ما صَنَعَ، فأمَرَ بالخَمسينَ الَّذينَ أقسَموا فمُحُوا مِنَ الدِّيوانِ وسَيَّرَهُم إلَى الشَّامِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣)، وحَديثُه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في القَتيلِ مُرسَلٌ، وكَذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في قِصَّةِ الهُذَلِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"فاتهبه\". وفي س: \"فانتهبه\". وضبب عليه في الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري (٤١٩٣) مختصرًا، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦١١٩) موصولًا من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٩٩).\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٩/ ٣٢١٦: فهما مما في الصحيح من المراسيل، وليس لهما سند متصل.","vol":"16","page":463},{"text":"الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، أن عمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: القَسامَةُ توجِبُ العَقلَ ولا تُشيطُ (^١) الدَّمَ (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٦٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلام، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: القَتلُ بالقَسامَةِ جاهِليَّةٌ.\n\n١٦٥٤٤ - وفيما رَوَىَ أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن هارونَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ أبي الزَّرقاءِ عن أبيه عن محمدِ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَقضِ في القَسامَةِ بقَوَدٍ. أخبرَناه محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ، فقيلَ لِمالِكٍ: فلِمَ تَقتُلونَ أنتُم بها؟ قال: إنّا لا نَضَعُ قَولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - على الخَتلِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) لا تشيط الدم: لا تهلكه ولا تبطله. غريب الحديث للحربي ٣/ ١١٥٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٨٦) من طريق سمان الثورى به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٨٧) من طريق القاسم به.\n(^٣) المراسيل (٢٧١).\n(^٤) الختل: الخديعة. النهاية ٢/ ٩.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٧٦) - ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٧٢) - عن عبيد الله بن عمر ومالك.","vol":"16","page":464},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3537>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَسامَةِ الجاهِليَّةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن عُبَيدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبد المَلِكِ الأسَدِيُّ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ سنةَ اثنَتَينِ وأربَعينَ وثَلاثِمائَةٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن عمرِو بنِ أبي الحَجّاجِ المِنْقَرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا قَطَنٌ أبو الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو يَزيدَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ قَسامَةٍ كانَت في الجاهِليَّةِ لَفينَا بَنِي هاشِمٍ، كان رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ [استأجَرَ رَجُلًا] (^١) مِن قُرَيشٍ مِن فخِذٍ (^٢) أُخرَى، فانطَلَقَ مَعَه في إبِلِه فمَرَّ به رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ قَدِ انقَطَعَت عُروَةُ جوالقِه (^٣) فقالَ: أعِنِّي بعِقالٍ (^٤) أشُدُّ به عُروةَ جوالقى؛ لا تَنفِرُ الإبِلُ. قال: فأعطاه عِقالًا فشَدَّ به عُروةَ جوالقِه، فلَمّا نَزَلوا عُقِلَتِ الإبِلُ إلا بَعيرًا واحِدًا، فقالَ الَّذِي استأجَرَه: ما شأنُ هذا البَعيرِ لَم يُعقَلْ مِن بَينِ الإبِلِ؟ قال: لَيسَ له عِقالٌ. قال: فأينَ عِقالُه؟ قال: مَرَّ بي رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ قَدِ انقَطَعَت عُروَةُ جوالقِه فاستَعانَنِي فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، والسياق يدل على خلاف. وعند البخاري: \"استأجره رجل\"، وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١/ ١٥٧: كذا في رواية الأصيلي وأبي ذر - يعني: استأجره - وفي رواية كريمة وغيره: \"استأجر رجلًا\". وهو مقلوب، والأول أصح.\n(^٢) الفخذ: بكسر الخاء وقد تسكن: حي الرجل إذا كان من أقرب عشيرته، وهو أقل من البطن، وهو مذكر، ينظر التاج ٩/ ٤٥٠ (ف خ ذ).\n(^٣) الجولق: وعاء من صوف أو شعر أو غيرهما، والجمع جَوالِق وجَوَاليق. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ١٢٩ (ج ل ق).\n(^٤) العقال: الحبل. فتح الباري ٧/ ١٥٧.","vol":"16","page":465},{"text":"أعِنِّي (^١) بعِقالٍ أشُدُّ به عُروةَ جوالقِي؛ لا تَنفِرُ الإبِلُ. فأعطَيتُه عِقالَه. قال: فحَذَفَه بعَصًا كان فيها أجَلُه، فمَرَّ به رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ قال: أتَشهَدُ المَوسِمَ؟ قال: لا أشهَدُ، ورُبَّما شَهِدتُ. قال: هَل أنتَ مُبَلِّغٌ عَنِّي رِسالَةً مَرَّةً مِنَ الدَّهرِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فكَتَبَ: إذا أنتَ شَهِدتَ المَوسِمَ فنادِ: يا لَقُرَيشٍ (^٢). فإِذا أجابوكَ فنادِ: يا لَبَنِي هاشِمٍ. فإِذا أجابوكَ فسَل عن أبي طالِبٍ، فأخبِرْه أن فُلانًا قَتَلَنِي في عِقالٍ. قال: وماتَ المُستأجَرُ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ الَّذِي استأجَرَه أتاه أبو طالِبٍ فقالَ: ما فعَلَ صاحِبُنا؟ قال: مَرِضَ فأحسَنتُ القيامَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ ماتَ فوَلِيتُ دَفنَه. فقالَ: كان أهلَ ذاكَ مِنكَ. فمَكَثَ حينًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ الرَّجُلَ اليَمانِيَ الَّذِي كان أوصَى إلَيه أن يُبَلِّغَ عنه وافَى المَوسِمَ فقالَ: يا لِقرَيشٍ. قالوا: هذه قُرَيشٌ. قال: يا لبنِي هاشِمٍ. قالوا: هذه بَنو هاشِمٍ. قال: أينَ أبو طالِبٍ. قالوا: هذا أبو طالِبٍ. قال: أمَرَنِي فُلانٌ أن أُبَلِّغَكَ رِسالَةً أن فُلانًا قَتَلَه في عِقالٍ. فأتاه أبو طالِبٍ فقالَ: اختَرْ مِنَّا إحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ إن شِئتَ أن تُؤَدِّيَ مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ؛ فإِنَّكَ قَتَلتَ صاحِبَنا بخَطأٍ، وإِن شِئتَ حَلَفَ خَمسونَ مِن قَومِكَ أنَّكَ لَم تَقتُلْه، فإِن أبَيتَ قَتَلناكَ به. قال: فأتَى قَومَه فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُم فقالوا: نَحلِفُ. فأتَتِ امرأةٌ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ كانَت تَحتَ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم قَد ولَدَت له فقالَت: يا أبا طالِبٍ، أُحِبُّ أن تُجيزَ ابنِي هذا برَجُلٍ مِنَ الخَمسينَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أغثني\". وكتب فوقه: \"ص\".\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م، والبخاري: \"يا آل قريش\". وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ٧/ ١٥٧: بإثبات الهمزة، وبحذفها على الاستغاثة.","vol":"16","page":466},{"text":"تَصْبُرْ يَمينَه حَيثُ تُصبَرُ الأيمانُ (^١). ففَعَلَ، فأتاه رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فقالَ: يا أبا طالِبٍ أرَدتَ خَمسينَ رَجُلًا أن يَحلِفوا مَكانَ مِائَةٍ مِنَ الإبِل، نَصيبُ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ بَعيران، فهَذانِ بَعيرانِ فاقبَلْهُما عَنِّي، ولا تَصبُرْ يَمينِي حَيثُ تُصبَرُ الأيمانُ. قال: فقَبِلَهُما، وجاءَ ثَمانيةٌ وأربَعونَ رَجُلًا فحَلَفوا، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه ما حالَ الحَولُ ومِنَ الثَّمانيَةِ والأربَعينَ عَينٌ تَطرِفُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وسُلَيمانُ بن يَسارٍ مَولَى مَيمونَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأنصار، أن رسولَ اللهِ أقَرَّ القَسامَةَ على ما كانَت عَلَيه في الجاهِليَّةِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أصل الصبر: الحبس والمنع، ومعناه في الأيمان: الإلزام، تقول: صبرته. أي ألزمته أن يحلف بأعظم الأيمان حتى لا يسعه ألا يحلف. وقوله: حيث تصبر الأيمان. أي: بين الركن والمقام. فتح الباري ٧/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢٠) من طريق أبي معمر به. وابن شاذان في مشيخته (١٩) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٨٤٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٧٢١)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٠٤٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٦٥٢١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٧٠/ ٧).","vol":"16","page":467},{"text":"هَذا كَلامٌ خَرَجَ مَخرَجَ الجُملَة، وإِنَّما أرادَ به في عَدَدِ الأيمانِ؛ فقَد رُوِّينا في هذا الحَديثِ أنَّه قال: وقَضَى بها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ ناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ في قَتيلٍ ادَّعَوه على اليَهودِ. وقَد رُوِّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ صحيحَةٍ عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ وغَيرِه مِنَ الأنصارِ كَيفَ كان قَضاؤُه بَينَهُم (^١)، فوَجَبَ المَصيرُ إلَيهِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3538>بابٌ</span>\n\n١٦٥٤٧ - رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ الهَمْدانِيِّ (^٢)، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بن مِسكينٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: اقتَتَلَ قَومٌ بالحِجارَةِ فقُتِلَ بَينَهُم (^٣) قَتيلٌ، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بحَبسِهِم. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٥١١ - ١٦٥٢١).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والصواب: \"الهَمَذاني\" بالذال المعجمة وفتح الميم. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٥٨٥، ٣٥/ ٢٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١١/ ١٥٧، وخلاصة تذهيب تهذيب الكمال ص ٣٤٧.\n(^٣) في س: \"منهم\".\n(^٤) المراسيل (٤٠٥).","vol":"16","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3539>جِماعُ أبوابِ كَفّارَةِ القَتلِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3540>بابُ ما جاءَ في وُجوبِ الكَفّارَةِ في أنواعِ قَتلِ الخَطأَ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصَّدَّقُوا فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢].\n\n١٦٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، قال: ﴿مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ﴾: يَعنِي في قَومٍ عَدوٍّ لَكُم. أخبرَنا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: لَجأ قَومٌ إلَى خَثعَمَ، فلَمّا غَشِيَهُمُ المُسلِمونَ استَعصَموا بالسُّجود، فقَتَلوا بَعضهُم، فبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أعطُوهُم نِصفَ العَقلِ لِصلاِتهِم\". ثُمَّ قال عِندَ ذَلِكَ: \"ألا إنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِن كُلِّ مسلمٍ مَعَ مُشرِكٍ\". قالو ا: لِمَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لا تَرايا (^١) ناراهُما (^٢) \". قال\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\". وقال في عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٤٨: وفي بعض النسخ: لا تراءى. ا. هـ. وأصله \"تتراءى\"، وحذفت التاء للتخفيف. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٧٧، وحاشية السندي على النسائي ٨/ ٣٦.\n(^٢) في س: \"نارهما\". وقال الخطابي: فيه وجوه: أحدها: معناه: لا يستوى حكماهما. قاله بعض أهل العلم. وقال بعضهم. معناه أن الله قد فرق بين داري الإسلام والكفر؛ فلا يجوز لمسلم أن يساكن الكفار في بلادهم حتى إذا أوقدوا نارًا كان منهم بحيث يراها .... وفيه وجه ثالث ذكره بعض أهل =","vol":"16","page":469},{"text":"الشّافِعِيُّ: إن كان هذا يَثبُتُ فأحسِبُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، واللهُ أعلمُ، أعطَى مَن أعطَى مِنهُم مُتَطَوَّعًا، وأعلَمَهُم أنَّه بَرِيءٌ مِن كُلِّ مسلمٍ مَعَ مُشرِكٍ - واللهُ أعلمُ - في دارِ شِركٍ؛ ليُعلِمَهُم أن لا ديَاتٍ لَهُم ولا قَوَدَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ الفَقيهُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِيَ هذا مَوصولًا:\n\n١٦٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً إلَى خَثعَمَ فاعتَصَمَ ناسٌ بالسُّجودِ فأسرَعَ فيهِمُ القَتلُ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فأمَرَهُم (^٢) بنِصفِ العَقلِ وقالَ: \"أنا بَرِئٌ مِن كُلِّ مسلمٍ مُقيمٍ بَينَ أظهُرِ المُشرِكينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ ولِمَ؟ قال: \"لا تَرايا ناراهُما\" (^٣).\n_________\n= اللغة قال: معناه: لا يتسم المسلم بسمة المشرك ولا يتشبه به في هديه وشكله ... معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٧٢. وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٨٨، والنهاية ٢/ ١٧٧.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٨٨). والشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٦، ٦/ ٣٥. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٦٠٥)، والنسائي (٤٧٩٤) من طريق إسماعيل به. وقال الترمذي: هذا أصح (يعنى مرسلًا). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٢٣: أكثر أصحاب إسماعيل رووه مرسلًا، ورواه أبو داود من حديث أبي معاوية وعبدة متصلًا. قال البخاري: الصحيح مرسل. ا. هـ. وينظر سنن الترمذي عقب (١٦٠٥).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٨٨)، والأم ٦/ ٣٥.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، والمهذب ٦/ ٣٢٢٢. وفي مصادر التخريج: \"فأمر لهم\". وسيأتي كذلك في (١٨٤٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٨٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٤٥)، والترمذي (١٦٠٤) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وسيأتي في (١٨٤٦٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٦٦) دون جملة العقل.","vol":"16","page":470},{"text":"١٦٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بن داودَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبد الله، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه إلَى أُناسٍ مِن خَثعَمَ، فاستَعصَموا (^١) بالسُّجودِ فقَتَلَهُم، فوَدَاهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بنِصفِ الدّيَة، ثُمَّ قال: \"أنا بَرِيءٌ مِن كُلِّ مسلمٍ مَعَ مُشرِكٍ\" (^٢).\nقَولُه: فوَدَاهُم. أظهَرُ في أنَّه أعطاه مُتَطَوِّعًا.\n\n١٦٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ قال: قال لِي القاسِمُ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً﴾ [النساء: ٩٢] في جَدِّكَ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ وفِي الحارِثِ بنِ زَيدٍ أخِي بَنِي مَعيصٍ (^٣)؛ كان يُؤذيهِم بمَكَّةَ وهو على شِركِه، فلَمّا هاجَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَدينَةِ أسلَمَ الحارِثُ ولَم يَعلَموا بإِسلامِه، فأقبَلَ مُهاجِرًا، حَتَّى إذا كان بظاهِرَةِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فاعتصموا\".\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني ١٣/ ٤٦٤ من طريق يوسف بن عدي به. والمصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣١٨٣)، وفي المعرفة عقب (٤٩٨٨) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"مغيص\". بالغين المعجمة. وبنو معيص: بطن من قريش، وهو معيص بن عامر بن لؤى. ينظر الاشتقاق ١/ ١١١، وجمهرة أنساب العرب ١/ ١٧٠.","vol":"16","page":471},{"text":"بَنِي عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ لَقِيَه عَيّاشُ بن أبي رَبيعَةَ ولا يَظُنُّ إلا أنَّه على شِركِه، فعَلاه بالسَّيفِ حَتَّى قَتَلَه، فأنزَلَ اللهُ فيه: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ يقولُ: تَحريرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤمِنَةٍ، ولا يَرُدُّ الدّيَةَ إلَى أهلِ الشَّركِ على قُرَيشٍ ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾ يقولُ: مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ ﴿فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٦٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّاب، حدثنا عَمّارُ بن رُزَيقٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بن السّائب، عن أبي يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ (^٢) قال: كان الرَّجُلُ يأتِي رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيُسلِمُ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَى قَومِه فيَكونُ فيهِم وهُم مُشرِكونَ، فيُصيبُه المُسلِمونَ خَطأً في سَريَّةٍ أو غَزاةٍ فيعتِقُ الرَّجُلُ رَقَبَةً ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ قال: يَكونُ الرَّجُلُ مُعاهَدًا وقَومُه أهلُ عَهدٍ فيُسلَّمُ إلَيهِم ديَتَه، وأعتَقَ الَّذِي أصابَه رَقَبَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢١٥٤) من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وتقدم في (١٦٢٣٠).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"وإن\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٨٢)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٦٠) - ومن طريقه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٧٤) - من طريق عمار بن رزيق به.","vol":"16","page":472},{"text":"وفِي تَفسيرِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بنَحوٍ مِن هذا المَعنَى، قال: وإِن كان في أهلِ الحَرب وهو مُؤمِنٌ فقَتَلَه خَطأً فعَلَى قاتِلِه أن يُكَفِّرَ، ولا ديَةَ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٦٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ﴾ (^٢) قال: يَكونُ الرَّجُلُ مُؤمِنًا ويَكونُ قَومُه كُفّارًا فلا ديَةَ له، ولَكِن عِتقُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤمِنَةٍ ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾. قال: عَهدٌ ﴿فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ﴾ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3541>بابُ المُسلِميَن يَقتُلونَ مُسلِمًا خَطأً في قِتالِ المُشرِكينَ في غَيِر دارِ الحَربِ، أو مُريدينَ له بعَينِه يَحسِبونَه مِنَ العَدوِّ</span>\n\n١٦٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا الفارَيابِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا مِنجابُ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵄ - قالَت: هُزِمَ المُشرِكونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣١٧ من طريق علي بن أبي طلحة به.\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"وإن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣١٥، ٣٢٢ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٤) ضبطها في الأصل بسكون الراء. وهي بالفتح في الأنساب ٤/ ٣٣٧، وقال ياقوت: فارياب، بكسر الراء. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٨٤٠.","vol":"16","page":473},{"text":"يَومَ أُحُدٍ هَزيمَةً تُعرَفُ فيهِم، فصَرَخَ إبليسُ: أيْ عِبادَ اللهِ أُخراكُم (^١). فرَجَعَت أُولاهُم فاجتَلَدَت (^٢) هِيَ وأُخراهُم، فنَظَرَ حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ فإِذا هو بأبيه فقالَ: أبِي أبِي. فواللهِ ما انحَجَزوا عنه حَتَّى قَتَلوه، فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكُم. قال عُروَةُ: فواللهِ ما زالَت في حُذَيفَةَ بَقيَّةُ خَيرٍ حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللهَ ﷿ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن فروَةَ عن عليّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبد اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَة، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: اليَمانُ أبو حُذَيفَةَ واسمُه حُسَيلُ بن جُبَيرٍ حَليفٌ لَهُم مِن بَنِي عَبسٍ، أصابَه المُسلِمونَ - زَعَموا - في المعرَكَة، لا يَدرونَ مَن أصابَه، فتَصَدَّقَ حُذَيفَةُ بدَمِه على مَن أصابَه.\nقال موسَى بن عُقبَةَ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: قال عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ: أخطأ به المُسلِمونَ يَومَئذٍ فتَوَشَّقوه (^٥) بأسيافِهِم يَحسِبونَه مِنَ العَدوِّ، وإِنَّ حُذَيفَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخراكم: أي: اقتلوا أخراكم. أو: انصروا أخراكم. أو: احترزوا من جهة أخراكم. قال ذلك إبليس تغليظًا وتلبيسًا، والخطاب للمسلمين أو للمشركين. وفتح الباري ١١/ ٥٥٣، وعمدة القارى ١٦/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) اجتلدت: تضاربت. عمدة القارى ١٥/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٧٤٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٦٨، ٦٨٨٣).\n(^٥) توشقوه: أي قطّعوه. النهاية ٥/ ١٨٩.","vol":"16","page":474},{"text":"لَيَقولُ: أبي أبِي. فلَم يَفقَهوا قَولَه حَتَّى فرَغوا مِنه، قال: حُذَيفَةُ: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لَكُم وهو أرحَمُ الرّاحِمينَ. قال: فوَدَاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وزادَت حُذَيفَةَ عِندَه خَيرًا (^١).\n\n١٦٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُطَرَّفٌ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ قال: كان أبو حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ شَيخًا كَبيرًا فرُفِعَ في الآطامِ (^٢) مَعَ النِّساءِ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فخَرَجَ يَتَعَرَّضُ الشَّهادَةَ (^٣)، فجاءَ مِن ناحيَةِ المُشرِكينَ فابتَدَرَه المُسلِمونَ فتَوَشَّقوه بأسيافِهِم وحُذَيفَةُ يقولُ: أبي أبِي. فلا يَسمَعونَه مِن شُغُلِ الحَربِ حَتَّى قَتَلوه، فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لَكُم وهو أرحَمُ الرّاحِمينَ. فقَضى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فيه بديَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٥٧ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عاصِمُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ قال: وأمّا أبو حُذَيفَةَ فاختَلَفَت عَلَيه أسيافُ المُسلِمينَ فقَتَلوه ولا يَعرِفونَه، فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) الآطام: جمع أُطُم، وهي الأبنية المرتفعة كالحصون. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣١.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"للشهادة\".\n(^٤) في م: \"بدية\". والحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٨٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ٣٦، ٤١.","vol":"16","page":475},{"text":"أبي أبِي. فقالوا: واللهِ إن عَرَفناه. وصَدَقوا (^١)، فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لَكُم وهو أرحَمُ الرّاحِمينَ. فأرادَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَديَه، فتَصَدَّقَ به حُذَيفَةُ على المُسلِمينَ، فزادَه ذَلِكَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3542>بابُ الكَفّارَةِ في قَتلِ العَمدِ</span>\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: إذا وجَبَتِ الكَفّارَةُ في قَتلِ المُؤمِنِ في دارِ الحَربِ وفِي الخَطأَ الَّذِي وضَعَ اللهُ ﷿ فيه الإثمَ كان العَمدُ أولَى. وقاسَه على قَتلِ الصَّيدِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بن الفَرَج، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بن رَبيعَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي عَبْلَةَ، عن الغَريفِ (^٤) بنِ الدَّيلَمِيِّ (^٥) قال: أتَينا واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ فقُلنا: حَدِّثْنا حَديثًا سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيسَ بَينَكَ وبَينَه أحَدٌ. قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في صاحِبٍ لَنا قَد أوجَبَ النّارَ. فقالَ: \"أعتِقوا عنه يُعتِقِ اللهُ بكُلِّ عُضوٍ مِنه عُضوًا مِنه مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨: \"حذيفة\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٠٢ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٣٩)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢٣١٣) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٤٩٨٩).\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"الغريب\". وينظر الإكمال ٦/ ١٧١.\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \"الديلى\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٨٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٣ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٠١٢) من طريق ضمرة به.","vol":"16","page":476},{"text":"١٦٥٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بن موسَى، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بن رَبيعَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه قال: في صاحِبٍ لَنا قَد أوجَبَ النّارَ بالقَتلِ (^١).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي عَبلَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3543>بابُ ما جاءَ في إثمِ مَن قَتَلَ ذِمِّيًّا بغَيِر جُرمٍ يُوجِبُ القَتلَ</span>\n\n١٦٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن عبد الله، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ مُعاهَدًا بغَيرِ حَقٍّ لَم يَرَحْ رائحَةَ الجَنَّة، وإِنَّه لَيوجَدُ ريحُها مِن مَسيرَةِ أربَعينَ عامًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَيسِ بنِ حَفصٍ عن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٤).\nوقَد رَواه مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو عن مُجاهِدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى - كما في إتحاف الخيرة (٤٩٦٦/ ٢) من طريق الحكم بن موسى به. وأبو داود (٣٩٦٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٧٣٨) من طريق ضمرة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٥٢).\n(^٢) مسند عبد الله بن المبارك (٢٤٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٩٦٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٨٩١). وينظر سنن النسائي (٤٨٧١) طبعة الرسالة.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٠٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٦٨٦) من طريق أبي معاوية به. والبزار في مسنده (٢٣٨٣) من طريق مجاهد به. وسيأتي في (١٨٧٦٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٦٦، ٦٩١٤).","vol":"16","page":477},{"text":"جُنادَةَ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو:\n\n١٦٥٦١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن إدريسَ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مسلمٍ الطُوسِيُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عمرٍو الفُقَيمِيُّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ، عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَم يَرَحْ رائحَةَ الجَنَّة، وإِنَّ ريحَها يوجَدُ مِن كَذا وكَذا\" (^١).\n\n١٦٥٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن أبي بكرَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ ريحَ الجَنَّةِ يوجَدُ مِن مَسيرَةِ مِائَةِ عامٍ، وما مِن عبدٍ يَقتُلُ نَفسًا مُعاهَدَةً إلا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ ورائحَتَها أن يَجِدَها\". قال أبو بكرَة: أصَمَّ اللهُ أُذُنَيَّ إن لَم أكُنْ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ هَذا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٦، ١٢٧ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وعنده: الحسين بن أويس. بدلًا من: الحسين بن إدريس. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٤٥)، والنسائي (٤٧٦٤) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وسيأتي في (١٨٧٦٧).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٤٦٩). وعند عبد الرزاق: أبو بكر. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٤٤)، وابن حبان (٧٣٨٢) من طريق الحسن به، وخطأه النسائي. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٢٥: وأخرجه النسائي من حديث حماد بن سلمة عن يونس عن الحسن، وإسناده قوي. اهـ. لكن النسائي خطأ هذا الطريق.","vol":"16","page":478},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3544>بابٌ: لا يَرِثُ القاتِلُ</span>\n\n١٦٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَرِثُ قاتِلٌ مِن ديَةِ مَن قَتَلَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي مُدلِجٍ قَتَلَ ابنًا له يُقالُ له: عَرفَجَةُ. فأمرَه عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - فأخرَجَ ديَتَه، فأعطاها أخًا لِلقَتيلِ لأبيه وأُمِّهِ.\n\n١٦٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن كِنانَةَ يُقالُ له: قَتادَةُ. أمَرَ ابنًا له ببَعضِ الأمرِ فأبطأ عَلَيه، فتَحَذَّفَه بالسَّيفِ فقَطَعَ رِجلَه فماتَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: لأقتُلَنَّ قَتادَةَ. فأتاه سُراقَةُ بن مالكٍ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّه لَم يُرِدْ قَتلَه، وإِنَّما كانَت بادِرَةً مِنه في غَضَبٍ. فلَم يَزَلْ به حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ما كان في نَفسِه عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: مُرْه فليَلقَنِي بقُدَيدٍ بعِشرينَ ومِائَةٍ مِنَ الإبِلِ. ففَعَلَ، فأخَذَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مِنها\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٣٦٥). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٢٦: مرسل.","vol":"16","page":479},{"text":"ثَلاثينَ حِقَّةً وثَلاثينَ جَذَعَةً وأربَعينَ ثَنيَّةً خَلِفَةً إلَى بازِلِ عامِها، ثُمَّ قال لِقَتادَةَ: لَولا أنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِلٍ شَئٌ\". لَوَرَّثتُكَ مِنه. ثُمَّ دَعا أخا المَقتولِ فأعطاه إيّاه (^١).\nهذه مَراسيلُ يُؤَكِّدُ بَعضُها بَعضًا، وقَد رُوّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ مَوصولَةٍ ومُرسَلَةٍ في كِتابِ الفَرائضِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3545>بابُ ميراثِ الدِّيَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٦٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: الدّيَةُ لِلعاقِلَة، ولا تَرِثُ المرأةُ مِن ديَةِ زَوجِها شَيئًا. حَتَّى أخبَرَه الضَّحّاكُ بن سُفيانَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَيه أن يُوَرِّثَ امرأةَ أشيَمَ الضِّبابِيِّ مِن ديَتِه، فرَجَعَ إلَيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ -. وفِي رِوايَةِ الزَّعفَرانِيِّ: \"أن ورِّثِ امرأةَ أشيَمَ الضِّبابِيِّ (^٣) مِن ديَةِ زَوجِها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"إياها\". والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٧) عن هشيم به مختصرًا، وعنده: \"خال المقتول\". بدلًا من: \"أخا المقتول\".\n(^٢) تقدم برقم (١٢٣٦٨، ١٢٣٧٢، ١٦٠٥٧، ١٦٢٢٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٩٠)، وفي المعرفة (٤٩٩٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ٨٨. وتقدم في (١٦١٥٧).","vol":"16","page":480},{"text":"١٦٥٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى الضَّحّاكِ بنِ سُفيانَ أن يوَرِّثَ امرأةَ أشيَمَ الضِّبابِيِّ مِن ديَتِه. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ أشيَمُ قُتِلَ خَطأً (^١).\n\n١٦٥٦٨ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً وأبو علي الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الفَقيهُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالا: أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي قَيسُ بن حَفصٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عائذُ بن رَبيعَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي قُرَّةُ بن دُعْموصٍ النُّمَيرِيُّ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أنا وعَمِّي، قُلثُ: يا رسولَ الله، ديَةُ أبي عِندَ هذا، فمُرْه فليُعطِنِي. قال: \"أعطِه ديَةَ أبيه\". وكانَ قُتِلَ في الجاهِليَّة، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، لأُمِّي فيها (^٢) شَئٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". وكانَ ديَةُ أبيه مِائَةَ بَعيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَبّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا خَليفَةُ بن خَيّاطٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ الصَّوّافُ قال: قَرأتُ في كِتابِ مُعاويَةَ ابنِ عَمِّ أبي قِلابَةَ أنَّه مِن كُتُبِ أبي قِلابَةَ، فوَجَدتُ فيه: هذا ما استَذكَرَ محمدُ بن ثابِتٍ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٩٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ٨٩، ومالك ٢/ ٨٦٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"منها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٨٠ عن قيس بن حفص به.","vol":"16","page":481},{"text":"قَضاءٍ قَضاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ أن الدّيَةَ بَينَ الوَرَثَةِ ميراثٌ على كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3546>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ على الجِنايَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليّ بنِ راشِدٍ، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي حَيّانَ التَّيمِيِّ، حدثنا عَبايَةُ بن رِفاعَةَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: أصبَحَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ مَقتولًا بخَيبَرَ، فانطَلَقَ أولياؤُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"ألَكُم شاهِدانِ يَشهَدانِ على قَتلِ صاحِبِكُم؟ \" قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، لَم يَكُنْ ثَمَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ المسلِمينَ، وإِنَّما هُم يَهودُ وقَد يَجتَرِئونَ على أعظَمَ مِن هذا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا محمدُ بن هارونَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن الأعمَش، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: شَهِدَ عِندَ شُرَيحٍ رَجُلانِ فقالا: نَشهَدُ أن هذا لَهَزَه (^٣) بمِرفَقِه في حَلقِه فماتَ. فقالَ: أتَشهَدونَ أنَّه قَتَلَه؟ قال الأعمَشُ: فلَم يُجِزْه. قال الشيخُ أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: قَد يَكونُ الضَّربُ ولا يَموتُ مِنه، فلَمّا لَم يَقولا: قَتَلَه. لَم يَحكُمْ بهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى - كما في المطالب العالية (١٦٦٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٥٢٤). وسيأتي في (٢٠٥٥٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٩٣).\n(^٣) أصل اللهز: الضرب بجمع الكف في الصدر وفي الحنك. الفائق ٣/ ٣٣٧.","vol":"16","page":482},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3547>جِماعُ أبوابِ الحُكمِ في السّاحِرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3548>بابُ مَن قال: السِّحرُ له حَقيقَةٌ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَمَا هُمْ بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٢].\n\n١٦٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الشّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا أنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - طُبَّ (^١) حَتَّى إنَّه لَيُخَيَّلُ إلَيه أنَّه قَد صَنَعَ الشَّئَ وما صَنَعَه، وإِنَّه دَعا رَبَّه ثُمَّ قال: \"أشَعَرتِ أنَّ اللهَ قَد أفتانِي فيما استَفتَيتُه فيه؟ \". فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ -: وما ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"جاءَنِي رَجُلانِ فجَلَسَ أحَدُهُما عِندَ رأسِي والآخَرُ عِندَ رِجلَيَّ، فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: ما وجَعُ الرَّجُلِ؟ قال الآخَرُ: مَطبوبٌ. قال: مَن طَبَّه؟ قال: لَبيدُ بن الأعصَمِ. قال: فيما ذا؟ قال: في مُشطٍ ومُشاطَةٍ (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) طُبّ: سُحِر. فتح الباري ١٠/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ١٠/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢ عن المشاطة: كذا لأبي ذر، ولغيره: \"ومشاقة\". وهو الصواب. وقيل: المشاقة هي المشاقة بعينها، والقاف تبدل من الطاء لقرب المخرج. =","vol":"16","page":483},{"text":"وجُفِّ طَلعَةٍ ذَكَرٍ (^١). قال: فأينَ هو؟ قال: هو في ذَرْوانَ\". وذَروانُ بئرٌ في بَنِي زُرَيقٍ.\nقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ -: فأتاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى عائشَةَ - ﵄ - فقالَ: \"واللهِ لكأنَّ ماءَها نُقاعَةُ الحِنّاء، ولكأنَّ نَخلَها رُءوسُ الشَّياطينِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ له: يا رسولَ اللهِ هَلَّا أخرَجتَهُ؟ قال: \"أمّا أنا فقَد شَفانِي اللهُ، كَرِهتُ أن أُثيرَ على النّاسِ مِنه شَرًّا\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ عن أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن الفَضلِ البَلْخِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بن إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ بن السَّمّاك، حدثنا [محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ الله] (^٥) ابنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بن الوَليدِ قالا: حدثنا هاشِمُ بن هاشِمٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ\n_________\n= والمشاطة: الشعر الذي سقط من الرأس إذا سرح بالمشط، وكذا من اللحية. وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٣٣، ٣٣٤، والتاج ٢٠/ ١١٦، ٢٦/ ٣٩٣ (م ش ط، م ش ق).\n(^١) الجف: الغشاء الذي يكون على الطلع، ويطلق على الذكر والأنثى، ولهذا قيده بالذكر، وجاء في روايات: \"جب\". بالباء بدلًا من الفاء. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٧٨، وفتح الباري ١٠/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٩٤)، والدلائل ٦/ ٢٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٦١٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٤٥)، وابن حبان (٦٥٨٣) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٣٩١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٢٦٨، ٥٧٦٣، ٥٧٦٥، ٥٧٦٦، ٦٠٦٣)، ومسلم (٢١٨٩/ ٤٣).\n(^٥) في س: \"أحمد بن عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠. وتقدم في (٤١٦، ١٧١٦) وغيرهما.","vol":"16","page":484},{"text":"سَعدٍ، أن سَعدًا قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَصَبَّحَ بتَمَراتٍ مِن عَجوَةٍ لَم يَضُرَّه ذَلِكَ اليَومَ سُمٌّ ولا سِحرٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي بَدرٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ مَكِّيٍّ: عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اصطَبَحَ سَبعَ تَمَراتٍ مِن عَجوَةِ المَدينَةِ لَم يَضُرَّه ذَلِكَ اليَومَ سُمٌّ ولا سِحرٌ\". قال هاشِمٌ: لا أعلمُ أن عامِرًا ذَكَرَ إلا \"مِن عَجوَةِ العاليَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هاشِمٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن أبي بَدرٍ شُجاعِ بنِ الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3549>بابُ تَكفيِر السّاحِرِ وقَتلِه إن كان ما يَسحَرُ به كَلامَ كُفرٍ صَريحٍ</span>\n\n١٦٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، حدثنا عَوفُ بن أبي جَميلَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الحُسَينِ القاضِي بمَروَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن خِلاسٍ ومُحَمَّدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أتَى عَرّافًا أو كاهِنًا فصَدَّقَه بما يقولُ فقَد كَفَرَ بما أُنزِلَ على محمدٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٢) عن مكي وأبي بدر به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٧١٣) من طريق شجاع بن الوليد به. وأبو داود (٣٨٧٦) من طريق هاشم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٤٥، ٥٧٦٨، ٥٧٦٩، ٥٧٧٩)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٧/ عقب ١٥٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٨. وصححه. وأخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (٥٠٣)، وأحمد (٩٥٣٦) من طريق عوف به.\nوقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٢٩: إسناده صحيح بدون ذكر محمد بن سيرين.","vol":"16","page":485},{"text":"١٦٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بن نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَة، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى وثابِتُ بن محمدٍ الكِنانِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن هُبَيرَةَ بنِ يَرِيمَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن أتَى ساحِرًا أو كاهِنًا أو عَرّافًا فصَدَّقَه بما يقولُ فقَد كَفَرَ بما أُنزِلَ على محمدٍ - ﷺ - (^١).\n\n١٦٥٧٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ المُخرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ بَجالَةَ يقولُ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن اقتُلوا كُلَّ ساحِرٍ وساحِرَةٍ. قال: فقَتَلنا ثلاثَ سَواحِرَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي (١٩٦١) من طريق أبي نعيم الفضل بن دكين وعبيد الله به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٨٧٥) من طريق سمان به. وأبو يعلى (٥٤٠٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ١١٨: رواه أبو يعلى ورجاله رجال الصحيح خلا هبيرة بن يريم وهو ثقة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٩٩٥)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٥٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٦٣) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٧٢٠٦، ١٨٦٨٩) مطولًا.","vol":"16","page":486},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن حَفصَةَ بنتَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - سَحَرَتها جاريَةٌ لها فأقَرَّت بالسِّحرِ وأخرَجَته فقَتَلَتها، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - فغَضِبَ، فأتاه ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: جاريَتُها سَحَرَتها، أقَرَّت بالسِّحرِ وأخرَجَتْه. قال: فكَفَّ عثمانُ - ﵁ -. قال: وكأنَّه إنَّما كان غَضبُه لِقَتلِها إيّاها بغَيرِ أمرِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وأمرُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أن تُقتَلَ السُّحارُ - واللهُ أعلمُ - إن كان السِّحرُ شِركًا، وكَذَلِكَ أمرُ حَفصةَ - ﵄ - (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الخَليلِ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بن موسَى، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مسلمٍ، عن الحَسَن، عن جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَدُّ السَّاحِرِ ضَربةٌ (^٣) بالسَّيفِ\" (^٤). إسماعيلُ بن مسلمٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٤٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٦١)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ١٨٧ (٣٠٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبي شيبة: أنها أمرت عبد الرحمن بن زيد فقتلها. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٨١: رواه الطبراني من رواية إسماعيل بن عياش عن المدنيين، وهي ضعيفة، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) الأم ١/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) قال المناوي: روي بالتاء وبالهاء، والأول أولى. فيض القدير ٣/ ٤٩٨.\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٢٨٢. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٦٠)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١١٤ من طريق معاوية به. وقال الترمذي: لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من هذا الوجه، والصحيح عن جندب موقوف.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (٣١٤٩).","vol":"16","page":487},{"text":"١٦٥٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضِي المَحامِلِيُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن جُندُبٍ البَجَلِيِّ أنَّه قَتَلَ ساحِرًا كان عِندَ الوَليدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، ثُمَّ قال: ﴿أَفَتَأْتُونَ السِّحْرَ وَأَنْتُمْ تُبْصِرُونَ﴾ (^١) [الأنبياء: ٣].\n\n١٦٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، أن الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ كان بالعِراقِ يَلعَبُ بَينَ يَدَيه ساحِرٌ، فكانَ يَضرِبُ رأسَ الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ يَصيحُ به فيَقومُ خارِجًا فيَرتَدُّ إلَيه رأسُه، فقالَ النّاسُ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! يُحيِي المَوتَى. ورآه رَجُلٌ مِن صالِحِ المُهاجِرينَ فنَظَرَ إلَيه، فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ اشتَمَلَ على سَيفِه فذَهَبَ يَلعَبُ لَعِبَه ذَلِكَ، فاختَرَطَ الرَّجُلُ سَيفَه فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه، فقالَ: إن كان صادِقًا فليُحي نَفسَه. فأمَرَ به الوَليدُ دينارًا صاحِبَ السِّجنِ - وكانَ رَجُلًا صالِحًا - فسَجَنَه فأعجَبَه نَحوُ الرَّجُلِ فقالَ: أفَتَستَطيعُ أن تَهرُبَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فاخرُجْ، لا يَسألُنِي اللهُ عَنكَ أبَدًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3550>بابُ قَبولِ تَوبَةِ السَّاحِرِ وحَقنِ دَمِه بتَوبَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ١١/ ٣١٣ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"16","page":488},{"text":"أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ - ﵁ - أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلّا اللهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. عَصَمَ مِنِّي مالَه ونَفسَه إلّا بحَقِّه وحِسابُه على اللهِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ شُعَيبٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ يَبسُطُ يَدَه باللَّيلِ ليَتوبَ مُسِيءُ النَّهار، وبِالنَّهارِ ليَتوبَ مُسِيءُ اللَّيل، حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ مِن مَغرِبِها\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ عن أبي داودَ (^٤).\nوكَفاكَ بسَحَرَةِ فِرعَونَ وقِصَّتِهِم في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ في قَبولِ تَوبَةِ السّاحِرِ.\n\n١٦٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٠٩٠)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٧٣١) من طريق ابن وهب به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٤١) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٨٠٠٥، ١٨٦٦٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٣)، والبخارى (٢٩٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٧٥)، والآداب (١٠٦٧)، والأسماء والصفات (٦٩٩)، والطيالسي (٤٩٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٢٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٥٩/ عقب ٣١).","vol":"16","page":489},{"text":"القاضِي وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: قَدِمَت عليّ امرأةٌ مِن أهلِ دُومَةِ (^١) الجَندَل، جاءَت تَبتَغِي رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعدَ مَوتِه حَداثَةَ ذَلِكَ، تسألُه عن شَئٍ دَخَلَت فيه مِن أمرِ السِّحرِ ولَم تَعمَلْ به، قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ - لِعُروَةَ: يا ابنَ أُختِي فرأيتُها تَبكِي حينَ لَم تَجِدْ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فكانَت تَبكِي حَتَّى إنِّي لأرحَمُها، تَقولُ: إنِّي لأخافُ أن أكونَ قَد هَلَكتُ؛ كان لِي زَوجٌ فغابَ عَنِّي، فدَخَلتْ عليّ عَجوزٌ فشَكَوتُ إلَيها ذَلِكَ، فقالَت: إن فعَلتِ ما آمُرُكِ به فأجعَلْه يأتيكِ. فلَمّا كان اللَّيلُ جاءَتنِي بكَلبَينِ أسوَدَينِ فرَكِبَت أحَدَهُما ورَكِبْتُ الآخَرَ، فلَم يَكُنْ كَثيرٌ حَتَّى وقَفنا ببابِلَ، فإِذا برَجُلَينِ مُعَلَّقَينِ بأرجُلِهِما فقالا: ما جاءَ بكِ؟ فقُلتُ: أتَعَلَّمُ السِّحرَ. فقالا: إنَّما نَحنُ فِتنَةٌ فلا تَكفُرِي وارجِعِي. فأبَيتُ وقُلتُ: لا. قالا: فاذهَبِي إلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنّورِ فبولِي فيه. فذَهَبَت ففَزِعَتْ ولَم تَفعَلْ، فرَجَعتُ إلَيهِما فقالا: فعَلتِ؟. فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فقالا: هَل رأيتِ شَيئًا؟ قُلتُ: لَم أرَ شَيئًا. فقالا: لَم تَفعَلِي، ارجِعِي إلَى بلادِكِ ولا تَكفُرِي. فأرِبتُ وأبَيتُ فقالا: اذهَبِي إلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنّورِ فبولِي فيه ثُمَّ ائتِي. فذَهَبتُ فاقشَعَرَّ جِلدِي وخِفتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ إلَيهِما فقُلتُ: قَد فعَلتُ. فقالا: فما رأيتِ؟ فقُلتُ: لَم أرَ شَيئًا. فقالا: كَذَبت، لَم تَفعَلِي فارجِعِي إلَى بلادِكِ ولا تَكفُرِي؛ فإِنَّكِ على رأسِ أمرِكِ. فأرِبتُ وأبَيتُ فقالا: اذهَبِي إلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنّورِ فبولِي فيه. فذَهَبتُ إلَيه فبُلتُ فيه،\n_________\n(^١) ضبطت في الأصل بضم الدال وفتحها. وينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٦٢٥.","vol":"16","page":490},{"text":"فرأيتُ فارِسًا مُقَنَّعًا بحَديدٍ قَد خَرَجَ مِنِّي حَتَّى ذَهَبَ في السَّماءِ وغابَ عَنِّي حَتَّى ما أَراه، فجِئتُهُما فقُلتُ: قَد فعَلتُ. فقالا: فما رأيتِ؟ فقُلتُ: رأيتُ فارِسًا مُقَنَعًا خَرَجَ مِنِّي فذَهَبَ في السَّماءِ حَتَّى ما أَراه. فقالا: صَدَقت، ذَلِكَ إيمانُكِ خَرَجَ مِنك، اذهَبِي. فقُلتُ لِلمَرأةِ: واللهِ ما أعلمُ شَيئًا وما قال (^١) لِي شَيئًا. فقالَت: بَلَى، لَن تُريدِي شَيئًا إلا كان، خُذِي هذا القَمحَ فابذُرِي. فبَذَرتُ فقُلتُ: اطلُعِي. فطَلَعَت، فقُلتُ: أحقِلِي. فأحقَلَتْ، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: أفرِكِي. فأفرَكَت، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: أيبِسِي. فأيبَسَت، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: أطحِنِي. فأطحَنَت، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: أخْبِزِي. فأخبَزَت، فلَمّا رأيتُ أنِّي لا أُريدُ شَيئًا إلّا كان سُقِطَ في يَدِي ونَدِمتُ، واللهِ يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ ما فعَلتُ شَيئًا قَطُّ ولا أفعَلُه أبَدًا. فسألتْ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهُم يَومَئذٍ مُتَوافِرونَ، فما دَرَوا ما يَقولونَ لها وكُلُّهُم هابَ وخافَ أن يُفتيَها بما لا يَعلَمُ، إلا أنَّه قَد قال لها ابنُ عباسٍ أو بَعضُ مَن كان عِندَه: لَو كان أبَواكِ حَيَّينِ أو أحَدُهُما. قال هِشامٌ: فلَو جاءَتنا اليَومَ أفتَيناها بالضَّمانِ. قال ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ: وكانَ هِشامٌ يقولُ: إنَّهُم كانوا أهلَ ورَعٍ وخَشيَةٍ مِنَ الله، وبُعَداءَ مِنَ التَّكَلُّفِ والجُرأةِ على اللهِ. ثُمَّ يقولُ هِشامٌ: ولَكِنَّها لَو جاءَتِ اليَومَ مِثلُها لَوَجَدَت نَوكَى (^٢) أهلَ حُمقٍ وتَكَلُّفٍ بغَيرِ عِلمٍ (^٣). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وعند الحاكم وابن جرير وفي المهذب ٦/ ٣٢٣١: \"قالا\".\n(^٢) النوك: الحمق، والنوكى: الحمقى. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٢٩، والتاج ٢٧/ ٣٧٧ (ن وك).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ١٥٥، ١٥٦، وسقط من إسناده من أوله إلى ابن وهب. وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٥٣، ٣٥٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٠٢٢) عن الربيع بن سليمان به مختصرًا.","vol":"16","page":491},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3551>بابٌ: مَن لا يَكونُ سِحرُه كُفرًا ولَم يَقتُلْ به أحَدًا لَم يُقتَلْ</span>\n\n١٦٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ بن صاعِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي ابنُ عَمْرَةَ محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حارِثَةَ وهو أبو الرَّجال، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵄ - أصابَها مَرَضٌ، وإِنَّ بَعضَ بَنِي أخيها ذَكَروا شَكواها لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الزُّطِّ (^١) يَتَطَبَّبُ، وإِنَّه قال لَهُم: إنَّكُم لَتَذكُرونَ امرأةً مَسحورَةً، سَحَرَتها جاريَةٌ لها، في حَجرِ الجاريَةِ الآنَ صَبِيٌّ قَد بالَ في حَجرِها. فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ لِعائشَةَ - ﵄ - فقالَتِ: ادعوا لِي فُلانَةَ. لجاريَةٍ لها، فقالوا: في حَجرِها فُلانٌ - صَبِيٌّ لَهُم - قَد بالَ في حَجرِها. فقالَتِ: ائتونِي بها. فأُتيَت بها فقالَت: سَحَرتِنى؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قالَت: لِمَهْ؟ قالَت: أرَدتُ أن أَعتِقَ. وكانَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ - أعتَقَتْها عن دُبُرٍ مِنها، فقالَت: إنَّ للهِ عليّ ألا تَعْتِقِي أبَدًا. انظُروا أسوأَ العَرَبِ مَلَكَة فبيعوها مِنهُم. واشتَرَت بثَمَنِها جاريَةً فأعتَقَتها (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ،\n_________\n(^١) الزط: جيل من الناس. واختلف فيهم؛ فقيل: قوم من السند بالبصرة. وقيل: جنس من السودان طوال. ينظر التاج ١٩/ ٣٢٢ (ز ط ط).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ١٤٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٥٠)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢١٩ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه.","vol":"16","page":492},{"text":"عن رَجُلٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: دَخَلَتِ امرأةٌ على عائشَةَ - ﵄ - فقالَت: هَل عليَّ حَرَجٌ أن أُقَيِّدَ جَمَلِي؟ قالَت: قَيِّدِي جَمَلَكِ. قالَت: فأحبِسَ عليّ زَوجِي. فقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵄ -: أخرِجوا عَنِّي السَّاحِرَةَ. فأخرَجوها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3552>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن الكَهانَةِ وإِتيانِ الكاهِنِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الىحسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيِّ، أن أصحابَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ مِنّا رِجالٌ يَتَطَيَّرونَ؟ قال: \"ذَلِكَ شَئٌ تَجِدونَه في أنفُسِكُم (^٢)، فلا يَصُدَّنَكُم\". قالوا: ومِنّا رِجالٌ يأتونَ الكُهّانَ. قال: \"فلا تأتوا كاهِنًا\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٥١) وعنده: عن معمر عن بعضهم قال: دخلت امرأة ....\n(^٢) في م: \"نفوسكم\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٠٢)، والآداب (٤٦٣)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٠٠)، وعنه أحمد (٢٣٧٦٩).\n(^٤) مسلم ٤/ ١٧٤٩ (٥٣٧/ عقب ١٢١).","vol":"16","page":493},{"text":"حدثنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا عُقبَةُ بن عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي هِلالُ بن أبي مَيمونَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بن يَسارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بن الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيُّ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ أحاديثَ قال: يا رسولَ الله، إنّا كُنّا حَديثَ عَهدٍ بجاهِليَّةٍ، وإِنَّ اللهَ جاءَ بالإِسلام، وإنَّ رِجالًا مِنّا يَتَطَيَّرونَ. قال: \"ذَلِكَ شَئٌ يَجِدونَه في صُدورِهِم فلا يَصُدَّنَّهُم\". قُلتُ: ورِجالٌ مِنّا يأتونَ الكَهَنَةَ. قال: \"فلا تأتوهُم\". قُلتُ: ورِجالٌ مِنّا يَخُطّونَ. قآل: \"قَد كان نَبِيٌّ مِن الأنبياءِ يَخُطُّ، فمَن وافَقَ خَطَّه فذاكَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بن هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ، عن بَعضِ أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أتَى عَرّافًا فسأله عن شَئٍ لَم تُقبَلْ له صَلاةٌ أربَعينَ لَيلَةً\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم برقم (٣٣٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٣٧/ عقب ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٢٢٣٠/ ١٢٥) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وأحمد (١٦٦٣٨) عن يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"16","page":494},{"text":"عائشَةَ - ﵄ - قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ الكُهّانَ قَد يُحَدِّثونَنا بالشَّئِ فيَكونُ حَقًّا. قال: \"تِلكَ الكَلِمَةُ مِنَ الحَقِّ يَخطَفُها الجِنِّيُّ فيَقذِفُها في أُذُنِ وليِّه، فيَزيدُ فيها أكثَرَ مِن مِائَةِ كَذْبَةٍ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَة، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بن حُسَينٍ، أُراه عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أخبرَنِي رِجالٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: بَينا هُم جُلوسٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رُمِيَ بنَجمٍ فاستَنارَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما كُنتُم تَقولونَ إذا كان مِثلُ هذا في الجاهِليَّةِ إذا رُمِيَ بمِثلِ هَذا؟ \". قالوا: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قالوا: كُنّا نَقولُ: وُلِدَ اللَّيلَةَ رَجُلٌ عَظيمٌ، ماتَ اللَّيلَةَ رَجُلٌ عَظيمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فإِنَّها لا تُرمَى لموتِ أحَدٍ ولا لحياتِه، ولَكِنْ رَبُّنا إذا قَضَى أمرًا سَبَّحَه حَمَلَةُ العَرش، ثُمَّ سَبَّحَه أهلُ السَّماءِ الّذينَ يَلونَهُم، حَتَّى يَبلُغَ التَّسبيحُ أهلَ السَّماءِ الدُّنيا، ثُمَّ يقولُ الَّذينَ يَلونَ حَمَلَةَ العَرشِ لحمَلَةِ العَرشِ: ماذا قال رَبَّكُم؟ فيُخبِرونَهُم، فيَستَخبِرُ أهلُ السَّمَواتِ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الخَبَرُ هذه السَّماءَ الدُّنيا، فتَخطَفُ الجِنُّ السَّمعَ فيُلقونَه إلَى أوليائهِم، فما جاءوا به على وجهِه فهو حَقٌّ، ولَكِنَّهُم يَقذِفونَ فيه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٧٠) هن طريق يحيى بن عروة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٢٨/ ١٢٢)، والبخارى (٥٧٦٢، ٧٥٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٧٢) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"16","page":495},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3553>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَراهيَةِ اقتِباسِ عِلمِ النُّجومِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٩١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد الله، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن الأخنَس، حَدَّثَنِي الوَليدُ بن عبد الله، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اقتبَسَ عِلمًا مِنَ النُّجومِ اقتبَسَ شُعبَةً مِنَ السِّحر، فما زادَ زادَ\". قال إسماعيلُ: أخبرَنا به عليٌّ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ فقالَ فيه: عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَومٍ يَكتُبونَ أباجادٍ ويَنظُرونَ في النُّجومِ قال: ما أدرِي مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ له عِندَ اللهِ مِن خَلاقٍ (^٣).\nقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الاستِسقاءِ ما قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في الاستِسقاءِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٢٩/ عقب ١٢٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٤٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٠)، وأبو داود (٣٩٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٢٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٣٣: الوليد حجازى ثقة، والخبر صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٨٠٥) عن معمر به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٠٤٠) من طريق ابن طاوس به بنحوه.","vol":"16","page":496},{"text":"بالأنواءِ، وفِي ذَلِكَ بَيانُ ما يَكونُ مِنه كُفرًا وما لا يَكونُ مِنه كُفرًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3554>بابُ العِيافَةِ والطِّيرَةِ والطَّرْقِ</span>\n\n١٦٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عَوفٍ العَبدِيّ، عن حَيّانَ هو ابنُ العَلاء، عن قَطَنِ بنِ قَبيصةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العِيافَةُ والطَّرقُ والطِّيَرَةُ مِنَ الجِبتِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطِيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عَوفٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، قال عَوفٌ: العِيافَةُ زَجرُ الطَّيرِ، والطَّرْقُ الخَطُّ يُخَطُّ، يَعنِي في الأرض، والجِبتُ قال الحَسَنُ: إنَّه الشَّيطانُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عيسَى بنَ عاصِمٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٦٥٢٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٤٦٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩١٥)، وأبو داود (٣٩٠٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١٠٨)، وابن حبان (٦١٣١) من طريق عوف به، وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٤٢).\n(^٣) أحمد (٢٠٦٠٤).","vol":"16","page":497},{"text":"يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عيسَى بنَ عاصِمٍ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وفِي رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الطِّيَرَةُ شِركٌ، وما مِنَّا إلَّا، ولَكِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يُذهِبُه بالتَّوَكُّلِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا طِيَرَةَ، وخَيرُها الفألُ\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، وما الفألُ؟ قال: \"الكلِمَةُ الصّالِحَةُ يَسمَعُها أحَدُكُم\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٣٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣٩١٠)، والترمذي (١٦١٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٣٨)، وابن حبان (٦١٢٢) من طريق الثورى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\nقال الخطابي في معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٣٢: وقوله: \"وما منا إلا\". معناه: إلا من يعتريه التطير وسبق إلى قلبه الكراهة فيه، فحذف اختصارًا للكلام واعتمادًا على فهم السامع. وقال الترمذي: قال محمد يعني البخاري: وكان سليمان بن حرب ينكر هذا الحديث أن يكون عن النبي - ﷺ - لهذا الحرف: \"ما منا\". وكان يقول: هذا كأنه عن عبد الله بن مسعود قوله. علل الترمذي ص (٢٦٦)، ومثله في السنن عقب (١٦١٤). وتال ابن حجر في الفتح ١٠/ ٢١٣: هو من كلام ابن مسعود أدرج في الخبر ... لكن قال ابن القطان: كل كلام مسوق في السياق لا ينبغى أن يقبل ممن يقول: إنه مدرج. إلا أن يجئ بحجة، وهذا الباب معروف عند المحدثين، وقد وضعت فيه كتب ... ينظر بيان الوهم والإيهام في كتاب الأحكام ٥/ ٣٨٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٤٦٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٠٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٦١٢٤).","vol":"16","page":498},{"text":"وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^١)\n\n١٦٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بن عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن خَنبٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو هاشِمٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ الأصمَعِيَّ وسُئلَ عن \"الكَلِمَةِ الصّالِحَةِ\" فقالَ: الرَّجُلُ يَضِلُّ له الشَّئُ فيَذهَبُ فيَسمَعُ: يا واجِدُ.\n\n١٦٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن أيّوبَ قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا عَدوَى ولا طِيَرَةَ، ويُعجِبُنِي الفألُ الصّالِحُ الكَلِمَةُ الحَسَنَةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: ذُكِرَتِ الطِّيَرَةُ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أحسَنُها الفألُ، ولا تَرُدُّ مُسلِمًا، فإِذا رأيتَ مِنَ الطِّيَرَةِ ما تَكرَهُ فقُل: اللهُمَّ لا يأتِي بالحسَناتِ إلا أنتَ، ولا يَدفَعُ السَّيِّئاتِ إلا أنتَ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٢٣/ ١١٠)، والبخارى (٥٧٥٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩١٦) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٢٥٦٤)، والترمذي (١٦١٥) من طريق هشام به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٣٧) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٧٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٢٢٤/ ١١١، ١١٢).","vol":"16","page":499},{"text":"ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلا بكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَتَطَيَّرُ مِن شَئٍ، وكانَ إذا بَعَثَ عامِلًا سألَ عن اسمِه، فإِذا أعجَبَه اسمُه فرِحَ به ورُئيَ بِشرُ ذَلِكَ في وجهِه، وإِن كَرِهَ اسمَه رُئِيَ كَراهيَةُ ذَلِكَ في وجهِه، وإِذا دَخَلَ قَريَةً سألَ عن اسمِها، فإِن أعجَبَه اسمُها فرِحَ بها، ورُئيَ بِشرُ ذَلِكَ في وجهِه، وإِن كَرِهَ اسمَها رُئيَ كَراهيَةُ ذَلِكَ في وجهِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَضرَمِيُّ بن لاحِقٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا هامَ ولا عَدوَى ولا طِيَرَةَ، وإن يَكُنِ التَّطَيُّرُ في شَئٍ فهو في الفَرَسِ والمَرأةِ والدّارِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٧٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣٩١٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٣٤: هذا مرسل.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٤٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٢٢)، وابن حبان (٥٨٢٧) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٢)، وأبو داود (٣٩٢١)، وابن حبان (٦١٢٧) من طريق يحيى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٢٠).","vol":"16","page":500},{"text":"١٦٦٠٢ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ لَفظًا غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ القَطّانُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حدثنا عُتبَةُ بن مسلمٍ، عن حَمنزةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إن كان الشُّؤْمُ في شَئٍ ففِي الفَرَسِ والمَسكَنِ والمَرأةِ\" (^١).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيَّ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمزَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ الأعرَج، أن عائشَةَ - ﵄ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَقولونَ: إنَّما الطِّيَرَةُ في المرأةِ والدّابَّة والدّارِ\". ثُمَّ قَرأتْ: ﴿مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهَا إِنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ (٢٢)﴾ (^٣) [الحديد: ٢٢].\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٤٧٠). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣١٣ من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٢٥/ ١١٨)، والبخارى (٥٠٩٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٧٩، وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٨٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٧٠٢) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٣٥: مع نكارته إسناده جيد ولم يخرجوه.","vol":"16","page":501},{"text":"١٦٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، قال: قُرِئَ على الحارِثِ بنِ مِسكينٍ وأنا شاهِدٌ، أخبَرَكَ ابنُ القاسِمِ قال: سُئلَ مالكٌ عن الشُّؤمِ في الفَرَسِ والدّارِ قال: كَم مِن دارٍ سَكَنَها ناسٌ فهَلَكوا، ثُمَّ سَكَنَها آخَرونَ فهَلَكوا، فهَذا تَفسيرُه فيما نُرَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n١٦٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ مَن يُفَسَّرُ (^٢) هذا الحَديثَ يقولُ: شُؤمُ المَرأةِ إذا كانَت غَيرَ ولودٍ، وشُؤمُ الفَرَسِ إذا لَم يُغزَ عَلَيه، وشُؤمُ الدّارِ جارُ السّوءِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنّا كُنّا في دارٍ كَثيرٌ فيها عَدَدُنا، وكَثيرٌ فيها أموالُنا، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلنا إلَى دارٍ أُخرَى فقَلَّ فيها عَدَدُنا، وقَلَّت فيها أموالُنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"دَعوها ذَميمَةً\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٣٩٢٢).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"تفسير\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق عقب (١٩٥٢٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٢٤)، والبزار في مسنده (٦٤٢٧) من طريق عكرمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٣٢٢).","vol":"16","page":502},{"text":"أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عَن عبد اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهاد، أن امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، سَكَنّا دارَنا هذه ونَحنُ كَثيرٌ فهَلَكنا، وحَسَنٌ ذاتُ بَينِنا فساءَت أخلاقُنا، وكَثُرَت أموالُنا فافتَقَرنا. فقالَ: \"أفَلا تَنتَقِلونَ عَنها ذَميمَةً؟ \". قالَت: فكَيفَ نَصنَعُ بها يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"تَبيعونَها أو تَهَبونَها\". هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nقال أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِي عنه: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أمرَهَم بتَركِها إبطالًا لِما وقَعَ في نُفوسِهِم، فإِذا تَحَوَّلوا عَنها انقَطَعَت مادَّةُ ذَلِكَ الوَهْم، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3555>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن تَطَبَّبَ بغَيِر عِلمٍ فأصابَ نَفسًا فما دونَها</span>\n\n١٦٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهمٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بن مسلمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَطَبَّبَ ولَم يَكنْ بالطِّبِ مَعروفًا فأصابَ نَفسًا فما دونَها فهو ضامِنٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٢) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٧٦٧. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٦، ٤/ ٢١٦ من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به. وأبو داود (٤٥٨٦)، والنسائي (٤٨٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦٦) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٣٤).","vol":"16","page":503},{"text":"كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ. ورَواه مَحمودُ بن خالِدٍ عن الوَليدِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. لَم يَذكُرْ أباه (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي عقب (٤٨٤٥) عن محمود بن خالد به.","vol":"16","page":504},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3556>كتابُ قتالِ أهلِ البغي</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3557>جِماعُ أبوابِ الرُّعاةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3558>بابٌ الأئمَّةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ</span>\n\n١٦٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"النّاسُ تَبَعٌ لِقُرَيشٍ في هذا الشّأن، مُسلِمُهُم تَبَعٌ لِمُسلِمِهِم، وكافِرُهُم تَبَعٌ لِكافِرِهِم\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"النّاسُ تَبَعٌ لِقُرَيشٍ في الخَيرِ والشَّرِّ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ رَوحٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣١٩٨) من طريق القعنبي به. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٦) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٩٥)، ومسلم (١/ ١٨١٨) عن القعنبى وقتيبة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١١١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨١٩/ ٣).","vol":"16","page":505},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَزالُ هذا الأمرُ في قُرَيشٍ ما كان في النّاسِ اثنَانِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الدّارِمِيِّ: \"ما بَقِيَ مِنَ النّاسِ اثنانِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٢)، ورَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن عاصِمِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه (ح) وأخبرَنا القاضِي أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَرَشِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: كان محمدُ بن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه بَلَغَ مُعاويَةَ - وهو عِندَه في وفدٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ - أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَيَكونُ مَلِكٌ مِن قَحطانَ، فغَضِبَ مُعاويَةُ فقامَ فأثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ؛ فإِنَّه بَلَغَنِي أن رِجالًا مِنكُم يَتَحَدَّثونَ أحاديثَ لَيسَت في كِتابِ اللهِ ولا تُؤثَرُ عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٣٦١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٥٠١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧١٤٠)، ومسلم (١٨٢٠/ ٤).","vol":"16","page":506},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أولَئكَ جُهّالُكُم، فإيّاكُم والأمانِيَّ التي تُضِلُّ أهلَها؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ هذا الأمرَ في قُرَيشٍ، لا يُعاديهِم فيه أحَدٌ إلَّا كَبَّه اللهُ على وجهِه ما أقاموا الدِّينَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد اللهِ الأُوَيْسِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّه كان مِن خَبَرِنا حينَ تَوَفَّى اللهُ نَبيَّه - ﷺ - أن الأنصارَ خالَفونا واجتَمَعوا بأسْرِهِم في سَقيفَةِ بَنِي ساعِدَةَ، وخالَفَ عَنّا عليٌّ والزُّبَيرُ ومَن مَعَهُما، واجتَمَعَ المُهاجِرونَ إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فقُلتُ لأبِي بكرٍ: يا أبا بكرٍ، انطَلِقْ بنا إلَى إخوانِنا هَؤُلاءِ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فانطَلَقنا نُريدُهُم، فلَمّا دَنَونا مِنهُم لَقِيَنا مِنهُم رَجُلانِ صالِحانِ فذَكَرا ما تَمالأَ عَلَيه القَومُ، فقالا: أينَ تُريدونَ يا مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ؟ فقُلنا: نُريدُ إخوانَنا هَؤُلاءِ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فقالا: لا عَلَيكُم ألَّا تَقرَبوهُم، اقضوا أمرَكُم. فقُلتُ: واللهِ لَنأتيَنَهُم، فانطَلَقنا حَتَّى أتَيناهُم في سَقيفَةِ بَنِي ساعِدَةَ، فإِذا رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ بَينَ ظَهرانَيهِم، فقُلتُ: مَن هذا؟ قالوا: سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٥٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٥٠) من طريق بشر بن شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٥٠٠، ٧١٣٩).","vol":"16","page":507},{"text":"فقُلتُ: ما له؟ قالوا: يُوعَكُ. فلَمّا جَلَسنا قَليلًا تَشَهَّدَ خَطيبُهُم فأثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه، ثُمَّ قال: أمَّا بَعدُ، فنَحنُ أنصارُ اللهِ وكَتيبَةُ الإسلام، وأنتُم - مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ - رَهطٌ مِنّا، وقَد دَفَّت دافَّةٌ (^١) مِن قَومِكُم، فإِذا هُم يُريدونَ أن يَختَزِلُونا مِن أصلِنا (^٢)، وأن يَحضُنُونا (^٣) مِنَ الأمرِ. قال: فلَمّا سَكَتَ أرَدتُ أن أتَكَلَّمَ، وكُنتُ زَوَّرتُ مَقالَةً أعجَبَتني أُريدُ أن أُقَدِّمَها بَينَ يَدَي أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وكُنتُ [أُدارِئُ مِنه] (^٤) بَعضَ الحَدِّ (^٥)، فلَمّا أرَدتُ أن أتَكَلَّمَ قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: على رِسْلِكَ. فكَرِهتُ أن أُغضِبَه، فتَكَلَّمَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فكانَ هو أحلَمَ مِنِّي وأوقَرَ، واللهِ ما تَرَكَ مِن كَلِمَةٍ أعجَبَتنِي في تَزويرِي إلَّا قال في بَديهَتِه مِثلَها أو أفضَلَ مِنها حَتَّى سَكَتَ؛ قال: ما ذَكَرتُم مِن خَيرٍ فأنتُم له أهلٌ، ولَن نَعرِفَ (^٦) هذا الأمرَ إلَّا لِهَذا الحَيِّ مِن قُرَيشٍ، هُم أوسَطُ العَرَبِ نَسَبًا ودارًا، وقَد رَضِيتُ لَكُم أحَدَ هَذَينِ الرَّجُلَينِ فبايِعوا أيَّهُما شِئتُم، وأخَذَ بيَدِي وبيَدِ أبي عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ وهو جالِسٌ بَينَنا، فلَم أكرَهْ مِمّا قال غَيرَها، كان واللهِ أن أُقَدَّمَ فتُضرَبَ عُنُقِي لا يُقَرِّبُنِي ذَلِكَ مِن إثمٍ أحَبَّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أتأمَّرَ على قَومٍ فيهِم أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، اللَّهُمَّ إلا أن تُسَوِّلَ لِي نَفسِي عِندَ المَوتِ شَيئًا لا\n_________\n(^١) الدافة: القوم يسيرون جماعة. النهاية ٢/ ١٢٤.\n(^٢) يختزلونا من أصلنا: أي يقطعونا عن الأمر وينفردوا به دوننا. فتح الباري ١٢/ ١٥١.\n(^٣) في س: \"يخصوننا\"، وفي ص ٨: \"يحضوننا\". وأحضنت الرجل عن كذا: إذا نحيته عنه واستبددت به دونه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"أدرى منه\"، وفي م: \"أدارئ عنه\".\n(^٥) الحَدُّ: الغضب. النهاية ١/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٦) في س، ص ٨، وصحيح البخاري: \"يعرف\".","vol":"16","page":508},{"text":"أجِدُه الآنَ. فقالَ قائلُ الأنصارِ: أنا جُذَيْعُها (^١) المُحَكَّكُ، وعُذَيقُها المُرَجَّبُ (^٢)؛ مِنّا أميرٌ ومِنكُم أميرٌ يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ. وكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ وارتَفَعَتِ الأصواتُ حَتَّى فَرِقْتُ مِن أن يَقَعَ اختِلافٌ، فقُلتُ: ابسُطْ يَدَكَ يا أبا بكرٍ. فبَسَطَ يَدَه فبايَعتُه وبايَعَه المُهاجِرونَ، ثُمَّ بايَعَته الأنصارُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ قال: قُرِئَ على محمدِ بنِ الهَيثَم، وأنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أُوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ماتَ وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالسُّنْح، فقامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقالَ: واللهِ ما ماتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - - قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: واللهِ ما كان يَقَعُ في نَفسِي إلَّا ذاكَ - ولَيَبعَثَنَّه اللهُ ﷿ فيَقطَعَنَّ أيدِيَ رِجالٍ\n_________\n(^١) الجذيع تصغير جذع وهو ساق النخلة. المعجم الكبير ٤/ ١٥٧ (ج ذع).\nوفي م، والبخاري: \"جذيلها\". قال الأصمعي: الجذيل تصغير جِذل أو جَذل وهو عود ينصب للإبل الجربى لتحتك به من الجرب، فأراد أنه يستشفى برأيه كما تستشفى الإبل بالاحتكاك بذلك العود.\n(^٢) العذيق: تصغير عذق وهو النخلة نفسها، فإذا مالت النخلة الكريمة بنوا من جانجها بناء مرتفعًا تدعمها لكي لا تسقط، فذلك الترجيب. وإنما صغرهما على وجه المدح. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٥٢، ١٥٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة ص ٤٨٥ عن محمد بن الحسين به. وأحمد (٣٩١)، وابن حبان (٤١٣، ٤١٤) من طريق الزهري به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨٣٠).","vol":"16","page":509},{"text":"وأرجُلَهُم، فجاءَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فكَشَفَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَبَّلَه وقالَ: بأبِي أنتَ وأُمِّي طِبتَ حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا، والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لا يُذيقُكَ اللهُ ﷿ المَوتَتَينِ أبَدًا. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فقالَ: أيُّها الحالِفُ، على رِسْلِكَ. فلَمّا تَكَلَّمَ أبو بكرٍ جَلَسَ عُمَرُ - ﵄ -، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: مَن كان يَعبُدُ محمدًا فإِنَّ محمدًا قَد ماتَ، ومَن كان يَعبُدُ اللهَ ﷿ فإِنَّ اللهَ حَيٌّ لا يَموتُ. وقالَ: ﴿إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ (٣٠)﴾ [الزمر: ٣٠]، وقالَ: ﴿وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَو قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ﴾ الآية كُلَّها [آل عمران: ١٤٤]. فنَشَجَ (^١) النّاسُ يَبكونَ، واجتَمَعَتِ الأنصارُ إلَى سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ - ﵁ - في سَقيفَةِ بَنِي ساعِدَةَ فقالوا: مِنّا أميرٌ ومِنكُم أميرٌ. فذَهَبَ إلَيهِم أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ وأبو عُبَيدَةَ بنُ الجَرّاحِ - ﵃ -، فذَهَبَ عُمَرُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فأسكَتَه أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يقولُ: واللهِ ما أرَدتُ بذاكَ إلَّا أنِّي قَد هَيّأْتُ كَلامًا قَد أعجَبَنِي خَشِيتُ ألَّا يُبلِغَه أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فتَكَلَّمَ وأبلَغَ فقالَ في كَلامِه: نَحنُ الأُمَراءُ وأنتُمُ الوُزَراءُ. قال الحُبابُ بن المُنذِرِ: لا واللهِ لا نَفعَلُ أبَدًا، مِنّا أميرٌ ومِنكُم أميرٌ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: لا، ولَكِنّا الأُمَراءُ وأنتُمُ الوُزَراءُ، هُم أوسَطُ العَرَبِ دارًا وأعرَبُهُم أحسابًا، فبايِعوا عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أو أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الجَرّاحِ. فَقالَ عُمَرُ: بَل نُبايِعُكَ؛ أنتَ خَيرُنا وسَيَّدُنا، وأحَبُّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وأخَذَ عُمَرُ بيَدِه فبايَعَه وبايَعَه النّاسُ، فقالَ قائلٌ: قَتَلتُم\n_________\n(^١) النشيخ: مثل بكاء الصبي إذا ضرب فلم يخرج بكاءه وردده في صدره. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣٣٧.","vol":"16","page":510},{"text":"سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: قَتَلَه اللهُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ في خُطبَةِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - قال: وإِنَّ هذا الأمرَ في قُرَيشٍ ما أطاعوا اللهَ واستَقاموا على أمرِه، قَد بَلَغَكُم ذَلِكَ أو سَمِعتُموه عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ﴿وَلَا تَنَازَعُوا فَتَفْشَلُوا وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ وَاصْبِرُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (٤٦)﴾ [الأنفال: ٤٦]. فنَحنُ الأُمَراءُ وأنتُمُ الوُزَراءُ، إخوانُنا في الدّينِ وأنصارُنا عَلَيه. وفِي خُطبَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بَعدَه: نَشَدتُكُم باللهِ يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ ألَم تَسمَعوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أو مَن سَمِعَه مِنكُم وهو يقولُ: \"الوُلاةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ ما أطاعوا اللهَ واستَقاموا على أمرِه\"؟. فقالَ مَن قال مِنَ الأنصارِ: بَلَى، الآنَ ذَكَرْنا. قال: فإِنّا لا نَطلُبُ هذا الأمرَ إلَّا بهَذا (^٣)، فلا تَستَهويَنَّكُمُ الأهواءُ فلَيسَ بعدَ الحَقِّ إلَّا الضَّلالُ، فأنَّى تُصرَفونَ.\n\n١٦٦١٦ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ - قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مسلمٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٨٦، ٤٨٧. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٢/ ٢٦٨، ٢٦٩ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٦٧، ٣٦٦٨).\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"بها\"، وفي م: \"لهذا\".","vol":"16","page":511},{"text":"داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، حدثنا أبو نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ - ﵁ - قال: لَمّا تُوُفِّي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قامَ خُطَباءُ الأنصارِ فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنهُم يقولُ: يا مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا استَعمَلَ رَجُلًا مِنكُم قَرَنَ مَعَه رَجُلًا مِنّا، فنَرَى أن يَلِيَ هذا الأمرَ رَجُلانِ أحَدُهُما مِنكُم والآخَرُ مِنّا. قال: فتَتابَعَت خُطَباءُ الأنصارِ على ذَلِكَ. فقامَ زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، وإِنَّ الإمامَ يَكونُ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، ونَحنُ أنصارُه كما كُنّا أنصارَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ: جَزاكُمُ اللهُ خَيرًا يا مَعشَرَ الأنصار، وثَبَّتَ قائِلَكُم. ثُمَّ قال: أَمَا لَو فعَلتُم غَيرَ ذَلِكَ لَما صالَحناكُم. ثُمَّ أخَذَ زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ بيَدِ أبي بكرٍ فقالَ: هذا صاحِبُكُم. فبايَعوه ثُمَّ انطَلَقوا، فلَمّا قَعَدَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - على المِنبَرِ نَظَرَ في وُجوه القَوم، فلَم يَرَ عَليًّا - ﵁ -، فسألَ عنه فقامَ ناسٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأتَوا به، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: ابنَ عَمِّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وخَتَنَه، أرَدتَ أن تَشُقَّ عَصا المُسلِمينَ؟ فقالَ: لا تَثريبَ (^١) يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ. فبايَعَه، ثُمَّ لَم يَرَ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ - ﵁ - فسألَ عنه حَتَّى جاءوا به، فقالَ: ابنَ عَمَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وحَواريَّه، أرَدتَ أن تَشُقَّ عَصا المُسلِمينَ؟ فقالَ مِثلَ قَولِه: لا تَثريبَ يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ. فبايَعاه (^٢).\n\n١٦٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الحافظُ\n_________\n(^١) لا تثريب: أي لا توبيخ. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٢٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٩٠، والحاكم ٣/ ٧٦ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦١٧) عن عفان بنحوه مختصرًا.","vol":"16","page":512},{"text":"الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَة وإِبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ قالا: حدثنا بُندارُ بن بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ المَخزومِيُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. قال أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: جاءَنِي مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ فسألَنِي عن هذا الحَديث، فكَتَبتُه له في رُقعَةٍ وقَرأتُ عَلَيه، فقالَ: هذا حَديثٌ يَسوَى بَدَنَةً. فقُلتُ: يَسْوَى بَدَنَةً، بل هو يَسْوَى بَدْرَةً (^١).\n\n١٦٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الفَيضُ بن الفَضلِ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي صادِقٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ ناجِدٍ (^٢)، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الأئمَّةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّاب، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البدرة: كيس فيه مبلغ كبير من المال. ينظر التاج ١٠/ ١٤٢ (ب د ر).\nوالأثر عند المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٩٢، مختصرًا ودون قول أبي علي في آخره - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٣٠/ ٢٧٧ مطولًا، ووقع عند المصنف: \"الحسن بن علي\" بدلًا من: \"الحسين بن علي\".\nوقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤٠: ومع جودة سنده فيه أشياء تنكر فتدبره.\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"ناجذ\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٤٥، وفي خلاصة تهذيب الكمال ص ١١٦: بجيم ثم مهملة.\n(^٣) أخرجه البرار (٧٥٩)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٥٢١)، والصغير (٤٢٥)، والحاكم ٤/ ٧٥، ٧٦ من طريق الفيض بن الفضل به مطولًا، وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤٠ ت الفيض كوفي صدوق.","vol":"16","page":513},{"text":"عَمّارُ بن رُزَيقٍ، عن الأعمَش، عن سَهلٍ، عن بُكَيرٍ الجَزَرِيّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: دَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ في بَيتٍ في نَفَرٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، قال: فجَعَلَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا يُوَسِّعُ له، يَرجو أن يَجلِسَ إلَى جَنبِه، فقامَ على بابِ البَيتِ فقالَ: \"الأئمَّةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ، ولِي عَلَيكُم حَقٌّ عَظيمٌ، ولَهُم مِثلُه (^١) ما فعَلوا ثَلاثًا؛ إذا استُرحِموا رَحِموا، وحَكَموا فعَدَلوا، وعاهَدوا فوَفَوا، فمَن لَم يَفعَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنهُم فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الأعمَشِ عن سَهلٍ يُكنَى أبا أسَدٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مِسعَرُ بن كِدامٍ عن سَهلٍ (^٤).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن علي بنِ أبي الأسَدِ. وقيلَ: عنه عن عليٍّ أبي الأسَدِ (^٥). وهو واهِمٌ فيه، والصَّحيحُ ما رَواه الأعمَشُ ومِسعَرٌ، وهو سَهلٌ القَرارِيُّ مِن بَنِي قَرارٍ (^٦) يُكنَى أبا أسَدٍ.\n\n١٦٦٢٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاكِ وأحمَدُ بن سَلمانَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) كذا في حاشية الأصل والمهذب ٦/ ٣٢٤٠، وفي بقية النسخ: \"مثلهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٠٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤١: وبكير يجهل.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٣٦٣).\n(^٤) ينظر الدعاء للطبرانى (٢١٢١).\n(^٥) ينظر مسند أحمد (١٢٣٠٧)، والسنن الكبرى للنسائى (٥٩٤٢).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"هي قبيلة باليمن .... \". وينظر التاج ١٣/ ٤٠٥ (ق ر ر).","vol":"16","page":514},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الأئمَّةُ مِن قُرَيشٍ إذا ما حَكَموا فعَدَلوا، وإِذا عاهَدوا وفَوا، وإِذا استُرحِموا رَحِموا\" (^١).\n\n١٦٦٢١ - ورَواه أيضًا موسَى الجُهَنِيُّ عن مَنصورٍ عَمَّن سَمِعَ أنَسًا، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعناه. أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا موسَى الجُهَنِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٢٢ - وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن المُبارَكِ العَيشِيُّ، حدثنا الصَّعِقُ بن حَزْنٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَكَم، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الأُمَراءُ مِن قُرَيشٍ - يَقولُها ثَلاثًا - ألَا ولِي عَلَيكُم حَقٌّ ولَهُم عَلَيكُم حَقٌّ ما عَمِلوا فيكُم بثَلاثٍ؛ ما رَحِموا إذا استُرحِموا، وما أقسَطوا إذا قَسَموا، وما عَدَلوا إذا حَكَموا\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسي (٢٢٤٧) - ومن طريقه البزار (٦١٨١) - وأبو يعلى (٣٦٤٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤١: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢١٧١)، وأبو الشيخ في طبقات أصبهان ٤/ ٣٣١، ٣٣٢ من طريق موسى الجهني بنحوه، وفيهما: منصور بن المعتمر عن أنس. وينظر الجرح والعديل لابن أبي حاتم ٩/ ٤٤١، ٤٤٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٥٠١ من طريق الصعق بن حزن به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤١: الصعق صدوق.","vol":"16","page":515},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ بَيانٍ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا الصَّعِق بن حَزْنٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَكَم، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الأُمَراءُ مِن قُرَيشٍ، الأُمَراءُ مِن قُرَيشٍ، الأُمَراءُ مِن قُرَيشٍ، ولِي عَلَيهِم حَقٌّ ولَكُم عَلَيهِم حَقٌّ ما عَمِلوا فيكُم بثَلاثٍ؛ ما إذا استُرحِموا رَحِموا، وأقسَطوا إذا قَسَموا، وعَدَلوا إذا حَكَموا\" (^١).\n\n١٦٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن شَريكِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِقُرَيشٍ: \"أنتُم أولَى النّاس بهَذا الأمرِ ما كُنتُم مَعَ الحَقِّ، إلَّا أن تَعدِلوا عنه فتُلْحَوْنَ (^٢) كما تُلحَى هذه الجَريدَةُ\". يُشيرُ إلَى جَريدَةٍ في يَدِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3559>بابٌ: لا يَصلُحُ إمامانِ في عَصرٍ واحِدٍ</span>\n\n١٦٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عَونٍ، عن خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن عبد الله، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا وهبُ بن بَقيَّةَ (^٤)، حدثنا خالِدُ بن عبد الله، عن\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٢) تلحون: أي تعزلون. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٣) الشافعي ١/ ١٦١، ١٦٢.\n(^٤) من هنا يبدأ خرم في المخطوطة \"س\" وينتهى في آخر (١٦٧٥٩).","vol":"16","page":516},{"text":"الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا بُويعَ لِخَليفَتَينِ فاقتُلوا الآخِرَ مِنهُما\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن وهبِ بنِ بَقيَّةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ. بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن فُراتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حازِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ قال: قاعَدتُ أبا هريرةَ خَمسَ سِنينَ فسَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"كانَت بَنو إسرائيلَ تَسوسُهُمُ الأنبياءُ، كُلَّما هَلَكَ نَبِيٌّ خَلَفَه نَبِيٌّ، وإِنَّه لا نَبِيَّ بَعدِي، وسَتَكونُ خُلَفاءُ يَكثُرونَ\". قالوا: فما تأْمُرُنا؟ قال: \"فُوا ببَيعَةِ الأوَّلِ فالأوَّل، وأعطُوهُم حَقَّهُم، فإِن اللهَ سائِلُهُم عَمَّنِ استَرعاهُم\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ جَميعًا في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ السَّقيفَةِ أن الأنصارَ حينَ قالوا: مِنّا رَجُلٌ ومِنكُم رَجُلٌ. قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: سَيفانِ في غِمدٍ واحِدٍ! إِذَنْ لا يَصطَلِحانِ.\n\n١٦٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧١٣٣) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٦١/ ١٨٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٦٠) عن محمد بن جعفر به. وابن ماجه (٢٨٧١)، وابن حبان (٦٢٤٩) من طريق فرات به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٤٥٥)، ومسلم (١٨٤٢/ ٤٤).","vol":"16","page":517},{"text":"يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ نُبَيطٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن سالِمِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، وكان مِن أصحابِ الصُّفة، قال: كان أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - عِندَ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فقيلَ له: يا صاحِبَ رسولِ اللّه، توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فعَلِموا أنَّه كما قال، ثُمَّ قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: دونكُم صاحِبَكُم. لِبَنِي عَمِّ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِي في غَسلِه - يَلُونَ (^١) أمرَه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فاجتَمَعَ المُهاجِرونَ يَتَشاوَرونَ، فبَينا هُم كَذَلِكَ يَتَشاوَرونَ إذ قالوا: انطَلِقوا بنا إلَى إخوانِنا مِنَ الأنصار، فإِنَّ لَهُم في هذا الحَقِّ نَصيبًا، فانطَلَقوا فأتَوُا الأنصارَ فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: مِنّا رَجُلٌ ومِنكُم رَجُلٌ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: سَيفانِ في غِمدٍ واحِدٍ! إِذَنْ لا يَصطَلِحا. فأخَذَ بيَدِ أبي بكر - ﵁ - وقالَ: مَن هذا الَّذِي له هذه الثَّلاثُ: ﴿إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ﴾ مَن هُما؟ ﴿إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ﴾ مَن صاحِبُه؟ ﴿لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا﴾] التوبة: ٤٠]، مَعَ مَن هو؟ فبَسَطَ عُمَرُ يَدَ أبي بكر - ﵄ - فقالَ: بايِعوه. فبايَعَ الناسُ أحسَنَ بَيعَةٍ وأجمَلَها (^٢).\nوقالَ أبو بكر - ﵁ - في خُطبَتِه يَومَئذٍ ما:\n\n١٦٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في خُطبَةِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَومَئذٍ قال: وإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ أن يَكونَ لِلمُسلِمينَ أميران،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يكون\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٣٦٥) مطولًا، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١١٩) مطرلًا من طريق سلمة بن نبيط به. وفيهم: سلمة بن نبيط عن نعيم عن نبيط. وتقدم في (٦٧٣٥).","vol":"16","page":518},{"text":"فإِنَّه مَهما يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ يَختَلِفْ أمرُهُم وأحكامُهُم، وتَتَفَرَّقْ جَماعَتُهُم، ويَتَنازَعوا فيما بَينَهُم، هُنالِكَ تُترَكُ السُّنَّةُ وتَظهَرُ البِدعَةُ وتَعظُمُ الفِتنَةُ، ولَيسَ لأَحَدٍ عليِّ ذَلِكَ صَلاحٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3560>بابُ كَيفيَّةِ البَيعَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ عليِّ مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَى عُبادَةُ بن الوَليد، عن أبيه، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: بايَعْنا رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - عليِّ السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ في العُسرِ واليُسرِ والمَنشَطِ والمَكرَه، وألَّا نُنارعَ الأمرَ أهلَه، وأن نَقومَ أو نَقولَ بالحَقِّ حَيثُما كُنّا، لا نَخافُ لَومَةَ لائمٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ وعَلِيُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبّانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بن إدريسَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وعُبَيدِ اللّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، زادَ: وعَلَى أثَرَةٍ عَلَينا، وقالَ: وعَلَى أن نَقولَ بالحَقِّ أينَما كُنّا لا\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٤٥، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤١٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٥٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٦٢٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٩٩).","vol":"16","page":519},{"text":"نَخافُ في اللّهِ لَومَةَ لائمٍ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شيبه (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِث، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيرٌ، عن بُسرِبنِ سعيدٍ، عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: دَعانا رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فبايَعَنا، وأخَذَ عَلَينا السَّمعَ والطاعَةَ في مَنشَطِنا ومَكرَهِنا وعُسرِنا ويُسرِنا، وأثَرَةٍ عَلَينا، وألَّا نُنازعَ الأمرَ أهلَه، قال: إلَّا أن تَرَوا كُفرًا بَواحًا عِندَكُم مِنَ اللّهِ فيه بُرهانٌ (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا إذا بايَعْنا رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ يقولُ لَنا: \"فيما استَطَعتَ (^٥) \". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٢٥٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٤١٦٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٦٦) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧١٢٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٢٧٣٥)، وابن حبان (٤٥٦٢) من طريق جنادة به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٠٥٥، ٧٠٥٦)، ومسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤٢).\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \" استطعتم\".\nوالحديث عند مالك ٢/ ٩٨٢، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٥٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٧١)، ومسلم =","vol":"16","page":520},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^١)\n\n١٦٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارَيابِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن أحمدَ المُقَدَّمِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا سَيّار (ح) قال الإسماعيلِيُّ: وأخبَرَنِي حامِدٌ، حدثنا سُرَيجٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جَريرٍ: بايَعتُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - على السَّمعِ والطّاعَة، فلَقَّنَنِي: \"فيما استَطَعتُ (^٢)، والنُّصحِ لِكُلِّ مُسلِمٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ الدَّوْرَقِيِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَعقوبَ وسُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفَحَّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، يَعنِي عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللّهِ قال: مَكَثَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ عَشرَ سِنينَ يَتَتَبَّعُ النّاسَ في مَنازِلِهِم بعُكَاظٍ ومَجَنَّةَ وفِي المَوسِمِ بمِنًى، يقولُ: \"مَن يُؤْويني، مَن يَنصُرُنِي حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَ رِسالَةَ رَبِّي ولَه الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فقلنا: حَتَّى مَتَى نَترُكُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يُطرَدُ في جِبالِ مَكَّةَ ويُخافُ؟ فرَحَلَ إلَيه مِنّا سَبعونَ\n_________\n= (١٨٦٧/ ٩٠)، وأبو داود (٢٩٤٠)، والترمذي (١٥٩٣)، والنسائي (٤١٩٨) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به بنحوه.\n(^١) البخاري (٧٢٠٢).\n(^٢) قال النووي: الرواية (استطعت) بفتح التاء. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ٢/ ٤٠. والمثبت ضبط الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢٠٠) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٩١٩٥) عن هشيم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٢٠٤)، ومسلم (٥٦/ ٩٩).","vol":"16","page":521},{"text":"رَجُلًا حَتَّى قَدِمنا عَلَيه في المَوسِمِ فوَعَدناه شِعْبَ العَقَبَة، فاجتَمَعنا عِندَه مِن رَجُلٍ ورَجُلَينِ حَتَّى تَوافَينا، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللّهِ علامَ نُبايِعُكَ؟ قال: \"تُبايِعُونِي على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ في النَّشاطِ والكسَلِ والنَّفَقَةِ في العُسرِ واليُسر، وعَلَى الأمرِ بالمَعروفِ والنَّهي عن المُنكَر، وأن تَقولوا في اللّهِ لا تَخافونَ لَومَةَ لائمٍ، وعَلَى أن تَنصُرونِي إذا قَدِمتُ عَلَيكم، وتَمنَعونِي مِمّا تَمنَعونَ مِنه أنفسَكم وأزواجَكُم وأبناءَكُم، ولَكُمُ الجَنَّةُ\". فقُمنا إلَيه فبايَعْناه (^١).\n\n١٦٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيىَ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بن عبد اللّه، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عبد اللّهِ الأعرَج، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ المُزَنِيِّ قال: بايَعَ الناسُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وهو تَحتَ الشَّجَرَة، وأنا رافِعٌ غُصنًا مِن أغصانِها، فلَم نُبايِعْه على المَوت، ولَكِن بايَعْناه على ألا نَفِرَّ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٥٦)، وابن حبان (٦٢٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به مطولًا. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤٤: هذا غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٥١) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله به. وأحمد (٢٠٢٩٣) من طريق خالد الحذاء به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٥٨) عن يحيى عن يزيد بن زريع عن خالد (الحذاء)، وعن يحيى عن خالد بن عبد الله عن يونس.","vol":"16","page":522},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا العباسُ الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ ألفًا وأربَعَمِائَةٍ، فبايَعْناه وعُمَرُ بن الخَطَّاب - ﵁ - أَخِذٌ بيَدِه تَحتَ الشَّجَرَة، وهِيَ سَمُرَةٌ بَحرٌ، فبايَعْناه على ألَّا نَفِرَّ، ولَم نُبايِعْه على المَوت، يَعنِي النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ الفَقيهُ: كَذا قالا.\n\n١٦٦٣٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بن مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: بايَعتُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الحُدَيبيَة، ثُمَّ تنَحَّيتُ، ثُمَّ بايَعَ النّاسُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ لي: \"ألا تُبايعُ؟ \". قُلتُ: قَد بايَعتُ. قال: \"وزيادَةً\". قُلتُ له: على (^٣) أيِّ شَئٍ بايَعتُم؟ قال: على المَوتِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: ثُمَّ تَنَحَّيتُ. فقالَ: \"يا سلَمَةُ ألا تُبايعُ؟ \". قُلتُ: قَد بايَعتُ. قال: \"أقبِلْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٥) من طريهت الليث به. والترمذي (١٥٩٤) من طريق أبي الزبير به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٥٦/ ٦٧).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٠٩)، والترمذي (١٥٩٢)، والنسائي (٤١٧٠) من طريق يزيد بن أبي عبيد به مختصرًا، وينظر ما بعده.","vol":"16","page":523},{"text":"فبايع\". قال: فدَنَوتُ فبايَعتُه. قال: قُلتُ: علامَ بايَعتَه يا أبا مُسلِمٍ؟ قال: على المَوتِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بن إسماعيلَ المِنقَرِيُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عمرِوبنِ يَحيَى المازِنِيّ، عن عَبَّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: لَمّا كان زَمانُ الحَرَّةِ (^٣) أتاه آتٍ فقالَ له: هَذاكَ ابنُ فُلانٍ يُبايِعُ الناسَ. قال: على أيِّ شَئٍ؟ قال: على المَوتِ. قال: لا أُبايِعُ على هذا أحَدًا بعدَ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: هُناكَ ابنُ حَنظَلَةَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٢٨١) عن أبي مسلم به. وأحمد (١٦٥٤٩) من طريق يزيد بن أبي عبيد به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٠٨)، ومسلم (١٨٦٠).\n(^٣) زمان الحرة: أي الواقعة التي كانت بالمدينة في زمن يزيد بن معاوية سنة ثلاث وستين. فتح الباري لابن حجر ٦/ ١١٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٧١) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٩٥٩)، ومسلم (١٨٦١/ ٨١).","vol":"16","page":524},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الحَجّاج، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ العُفَيْفِ قال: رأيتُ أبا بكرٍ وهو يُبايِعُ النّاسَ بعدَ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ -، فيَجتَمِعُ إلَيه العِصابَةُ فيَقولُ: تُبايِعونِي على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ للهِ وِلِكِتابِه ثُمَّ لِلأميرِ؟ فيَقولونَ: نَعَم. فيُبايِعُهُم، فقُمتُ عِندَه ساعَةً وأنا يَومَئذٍ المُحتَلِمُ أو فوقَه، فتَعَلَّمتُ شَرطَه الَّذِي شَرَطَ على الناس، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه فقُلتُ وبَدأتُه، قُلتُ: أنا أُبايِعُكَ على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ للهِ وِلِكِتابِه، ثُمَّ لِلأميرِ. فصعَّدَ فِيَّ البَصرَ ثُمَّ صَوَّبَه، ورأيتُ أنِّي أعجَبتُه ﵀ (^١).\n\n١٦٦٤١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أن حُمَيدَ بنَ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه أن المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَرَه، أن الرَّهطَ الَّذينَ ولَّاهُم عُمَرُ اجتَمَعوا فتَشاوَروا، فقالَ لَهُم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ: لَستُ بالَّذِي أُنافِسُكُم (^٢) هذا الأمرَ، ولَكِنَّكُم إن شِئتُمُ اختَرتُ لَكُم مِنَكُم، فجَعَلوا ذاكَ إلَى عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، فلَمّا ولَّوْا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ أمرَهُمُ انثالَ النّاسُ (^٣) على عبد الرَّحمَنِ ومالُوا عَلَيه، حَتَّى ما أرَى أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ يَتبَعُ أحَدًا مِن أولَئكَ الرَّهطِ ولا يَطأُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحارث بن أبي أسامة (٦٠٠ - بغية)، والخلال في السنة (٤٣)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٩/ ١٣٤ من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.\n(^٢) بعدها في حاشية الأصل: \"على\".\n(^٣) انثال الناس: أي اجتمعوا. الفائق ٤/ ٩٤.","vol":"16","page":525},{"text":"عَقِبَه، فمالَ الناسُ على عبد الرَّحمَنِ يُشاوِرُونَه ويُناجونَه تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ (^١)، حَتَّى إذا كانَتِ اللَّيلَةُ التي أصبَحنا فيها (^٢) فبايَعْنا عثمانَ. قال المِسوَرُ: طَرَقَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بعدَ هَجْعٍ (^٣) مِنَ اللَّيلِ فضَرَبَ البابَ فاستَيقَظتُ، فقالَ: ألَا أراكَ نائمًا، فواللهِ ما اكتَحَلتُ هذه الثَّلاثَ بكَثيرِ نَومٍ، انطَلِقْ فادعُ الزُّبَيرَ وسَعدًا. فدَعَوتُهُما له فشاوَرَهُما، ثُمَّ دَعانَي فقالَ: ادعُ لِي عَليًّا. فدَعَوتُه فناجاه حَتَّى ابهارَّ اللَّيلُ (^٤)، ثُمَّ قامَ مِن عِندِه على طَمَعٍ، وقَد كان عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَخشَى مِن عليٍّ شَيئًا، ثُمَّ قال: ادعُ لي عثمانَ. فناجاه طَويلًا حَتَّى فرَّقَ بَينَهُما المُؤَذِّنُ بالصُّبحِ، فلَمّا صَلَّى الناسُ الصُّبحَ واجتَمَعَ أولَئكَ الرَّهطُ عِندَ المِنبَر، فأرسَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ إلَى مَن كان حاضِرًا مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصار، وأرسَلَ إلَى الأُمَراء، وكانوا قَد وافَوا تِلكَ الحَجَّةَ مَعَ عُمَرَ، فلَقا اجتَمَعوا تَشَهَّدَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وقالَ: أمَّا بَعدُ يا عليُّ، فإِنِّي قَد نَظَرتُ في أمرِ النّاسِ فلَم أرَهُم يَعدِلونَ بعُثمانَ، فلا تَجعَلَنَّ على نَفسِكَ سَبيلًا، وأخَذَ بيَدِ عثمانَ وقالَ: أُبايِعُكَ على سُنَّةِ اللّهِ وسُنَّةِ رسولِه والخَليفَتَينِ مِن بَعدِه، فبايَعَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وبايَعَه الناسُ المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ وأُمَراءُ الأجنادِ والمُسلِمونَ (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الليالى\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"منها\".\n(^٣) الهجع: طائفة من الليل، والهجعة: النومة الخفيفة في أول الليل. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٩١.\n(^٤) ابهار الليل: أي انتصف، وبهرة كل شيء وسطه. وقيل: ابهار الليل، إذا طلعت نجومه واستنارت. والأول أكثر. النهاية ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق ٥/ ٤٧٧ (٩٧٧٥) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"16","page":526},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^١).\n\n١٦٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أن عبدَ اللّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَى عبد المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ يُبايِعُه، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: بسمِ اللّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، أمّا بَعدُ، لِعَبدِ المَلِكِ (^٢) أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ مِن عبد اللّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ؛ فإِنِّي أحمدُ إلَيكَ اللهَ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو، وأُقِرُّ لَكَ بالسَّمعِ والطاعَةِ على سُنَّةِ اللّهِ وسُنَّةِ رسولِه - ﷺ - فيما استَطَعتُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أُوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقريُّ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: لَمّا اجتَمَعَ النّاسُ على عبد المَلِكِ كتَبَ إلَيه عبدُ اللّهِ بن عُمَرَ: سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ أمّا بَعدُ؛ فإِنِّي أُقِرُّ بالسَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ لِعَبدِ اللّهِ عبد المَلِكِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ على سُنَّةِ اللّهِ وسُنَّةِ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فيما استَطَعتُ، وإِنَّ بَنِيَّ قَد أقَرّوا بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، والسَّلامُ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ وعَمرِو بنِ عليٍّ عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٢٠٧).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعبد الله\".\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٨٣.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٢٧٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٨٢٣) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"16","page":527},{"text":"يَحيىَ القَطَّانِ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3561>بابٌ: كَيفَ يُبايَعُ النِّساءَ</span>\n\n١٦٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَمٍّ الفَقيهُ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بن أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد اللّهِ المَدينِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يَمتَحِنُ النِّساءَ بهَذِه الآيَةِ ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٢] ولا، ولا. قالَت عائشَةُ: وما مَسَّت يَدُ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - امرأةً قَطُّ إلَّا امرأة يَملِكُها. لَفظُ حَديثِ عليٍّ. وفِي رِوايَةِ أحمدَ قالَت: كان رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يُبايِعُ النَساءَ بالكَلامِ بهَذِه ﴿عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ قالَت: وما مَسَّت يَدُ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يَدَ امرأةٍ قَطُّ، إلَّا يَدَ امرأةٍ يَملِكُها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبد الرَّزاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن عبد اللّهِ وأبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الطاهِر،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٢٠٣، ٧٢٠٥).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٥١٩٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٢٥)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣٣٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٣٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٤١) من طريق الزهري به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٢١٤).","vol":"16","page":528},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: كان المُؤمِناتُ إذا هاجَرنَ إلَى رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يُمتَحَنَّ بِقَولِ اللّهِ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فمَن أقَرَّ بهَذا مِنَ المُؤمِناتِ فقَد أقَرَّ بالمِحنَة، وكانَ رسول اللّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أقرَرنَ بذَلِكَ مِن قَولِهِنَّ قال لَهُنَّ: \"انطَلِقنَ فقَد بايَعتُكُنَّ\". ولا واللهِ ما مَسَّت يَدُ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - كَفَّ امرأةٍ قَطُّ، وكانَ يقولُ لَهُنَّ إذا أخَذَ عَلَيهِنَّ: \"قَد بايَعتُكُنَّ\". كَلامًا (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِر، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن أُمَيمَةَ بنتِ رُقَيقَةَ أنَّها قالَت: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - في نِسوَةٍ نُبايِعُه، فقُلنا: نُبايِعُكَ يا رسولَ اللّهِ على أن لا نُشرِكَ باللَّهِ شَيئًا ولا نَسرِقَ ولا نَزنِيَ ولا نَقتُلَ أولادَنا، ولا نأتِيَ ببُهتانٍ نَفتَرِيه بَينَ أيدينا وأرجُلِنا، ولا نَعصيَكَ في مَعروفٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فيما استَطَعتُنَّ وأطَقتُنَّ\". قالَت: فقُلنا: اللّهُ ورسولُه أرحَمُ بنا مِن أنفُسِنا. هَلُمَّ نُبايِعُكَ يا رسولَ اللّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لا أُصافِحُ النِّساءَ، إنَّما قَولِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨٧٥) عن أحمد بن عمرو بن السرح (أبي الطاهر) به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٣٩)، وابن حبان (٥٥٨١) من طريق ابن وهب به ومختصرًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٦٦/ ٨٨)، والبخاري (٤٨٩١، ٥٢٨٨).","vol":"16","page":529},{"text":"لِمِائَةِ امرأةٍ كَقَولِي لاِمرأةٍ واحِدَةٍ. أو: مِثلُ قَولِي لاِمرأةٍ واحِدَةٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3562>بابُ ما جاءَ في بَيعَةِ الصَّغيِر</span>\n\n١٦٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقريُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عَقيلٍ، عن جَدِّه عبد اللّهِ بنِ هِشامٍ، وكانَ قَد أدرَكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، وذَهَبَت به أُمُّه زَينَبُ بنتُ حُمَيدٍ إلَى رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللّهِ بايِعْه. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"هو صَغيرٌ\". ومَسَحَ على رأسِه ودَعا له، وكانَ يُضَحِّي بالشّاةِ الواحِدَةِ عن جَميعِ أهلِهِ (^٢).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِيءِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3563>بابُ الاستِخلافِ</span>\n\n١٦٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قيلَ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: ألَا تَستَخلِفُ؟ قال: إن أترُكْ فقَد تَرَكَ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّي؛ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -، وإن أستَخلِفْ فقَدِ استَخلَفَ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّي\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٨٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٠٠٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧١٣)، وابن حبان (٤٥٥٣).\nوأخرجه الترمذي (١٥٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧٤) من طريق ابن المنكدر بنحوه مختصرًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٥٣٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٢١٠) عن عليّ بن عبد الله عن عبد الله بن يزيد به.","vol":"16","page":530},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -. قال: فأثنَوا عَلَيه فقالَ: راغِبٌ وراهِبٌ، لا أتَحَمَّلُها حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا، لَوَدِدتُ أنِّي نَجَوتُ مِنها كَفافًا لا لِي ولا عَلَيَّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: حَضَرتُ أبي حينَ أُصيبَ، فأثنَوا عَلَيه فقالوا: جَزاكَ اللّهُ خَيرًا. فقالَ: راهِبٌ وراغِبٌ. قالوا: استَخلِفْ. فقالَ: أتَحَمَّلُ أمرَكُم حَيًّا ومَيِّتًا؟! لَوَدِدتُ أن حَظِّيَ مِنها الكَفافُ لا علَيَّ ولا لِي، إن أستَخلِفْ فقَدِ استَخلَفَ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّي، وإِن أترُكْكُم فقَد تَرَكَكُم مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّي؛ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -. قال عبدُ اللّهِ: فعَرَفتُ أنَّه حينَ ذَكَرَ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - غَيرُ مُستَخلِفٍ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللّهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَتارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: دَخَلتُ على حَفصةَ - ﵂ - فقالَت: أعَلِمتَ أن أباكَ غَيرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٩)، وابن حبان (٤٤٧٨) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٩٩٩) عن الحسن بن عليّ بن عفان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٢٣/ ١١).","vol":"16","page":531},{"text":"مُستَخلِفٍ؟ قال: قُلتُ: كَلَّا. قالَت: إنَّه فاعِلٌ. فحَلَفتُ أن أُكَلِّمَه في ذَلِكَ، فخَرَجتُ في سَفَرٍ - أو قال: في غَزاةٍ؟ - فلَم أُكَلِّمْه، فكُنتُ في سَفَرِي كأنَّما أحمِلُ بيَمينِي جَبَلًا حَتَّى قَدِمتُ فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه، فجَعَلَ يُسائِلُني (^١) فقُلتُ له: إنِّي سَمِعتُ الناسَ يَقولونَ مَقالَةً، فآلَيتُ أن أقولَها لَكَ؛ زَعَموا أنَّكَ غَيرُ مُستَخلِفٍ، وقَد عَلِمتَ أنَّه لَو كان لَكَ راعِي غَنَمٍ فجاءَكَ وقَد تَرَكَ رِعايَتَه، رأيتَ أن قَد ضَيَّعَ، فرِعايَةُ الناسِ أشَدُّ، قال: فوافَقَه قَولي فأطرَقَ مَليًّا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه، فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ يَحفَظُ دينَه، وِإنْ لا أستَخلِفْ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَستَخلِفْ، وإِن أستَخلِفْ فإِنَّ أبا بكرٍ قَدِ استَخلَفَ. قال: فما هو إلَّا أن ذَكَرَ رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - وأبا بكرٍ - ضي الله عنه -، فعَلِمتُ أنَّه لا يَعدِلُ برسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - أحَدًا، وأنَّه غَيرُ مُستَخلِفٍ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبد الرَّزَّاق، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن - عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بن سَوّارٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بن مَيمونٍ، حدثنا حُصينُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: قيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: استَخلِفْ عَلَينا. فَقالَ: ما استَخلَفَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فأستَخلِفَ، ولَكِن إن يُرِدِ اللهُ بالناسِ خَيرًا جَمَعَهُم على خَيرِهِم كما جَمَعَهُم بعدَ نَبيِّهِم - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يسألنى\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٦٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٣٢)، وأبو داود (٢٩٣٩)، والترمذي (٢٢٢٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٢٣/ ١٢). ولم نجده في البخاري، وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٥٥، ٥٦.","vol":"16","page":532},{"text":"على خَيرِهِم (^١).\n\n١٦٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخِرِ الجُزءِ العاشِرِ مِنَ \"الفوائد الكبير\" لأبِي العباس، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ الحِمصيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبد اللّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ الأنصارِيِّ، وكانَ كَعبُ بن مالكٍ أحَدَ الثَّلاثَةِ الَّذينَ تِيبَ عَلَيهِم، فأخبَرَنِي عبدُ اللّهِ بن كَعبٍ، أن عبدَ اللّهِ بنَ عباسٍ أخبَرَه، أن عليّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - خَرَجَ مِن عِندِ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - في وجَعِه الَّذِي توُفِّيَ فيه، فقالَ النّاسُ: يا أبا حَسَنٍ، كَيفَ أصبَحَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: أصبَحَ بحَمدِ اللّهِ بارِئًا. قال: فأخَذَ بيَدِه عباسُ بن عبد المُطَّلِبِ - ﵁ -، فقالَ: أنتَ واللهِ بعدَ ثَلاثٍ عبدُ العَصا، وإِنِّي واللهِ لأَرَى رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - سَوفَ يَتَوَفّاه اللّهُ مِن وجَعِه هذا، إنِّي أعرِفُ وُجوهَ بَنِي عبد المُطَّلِبِ عِندَ المَوت، فاذهَبْ بنا إلَى رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فلْنَسَلْه فِيمَن هذا الأمرُ؟ فإِن كان فينا عَلِمنا ذَلِكَ، وإِن كان في غَيرِنا كَلَّمْناه فأوصَى بنا. قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إنّا واللهِ لَئن سألناها رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - فمَنَعَناها لا يُعْطِيناها النّاسُ بَعدَه أبَدًا، وإِنِّي واللهِ لا أسألُها رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن بشرِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٣). وفِي هذا وفيما قَبلَه دِلالَةٌ على\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٥٠٢، والرزاز في مجموع مصنفات ابن البخترى (٤٢). وأخرجه البزار (٥٦٥) من طريق شبابة به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٤٨: شعيب هذا مقل مستور.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٤) من طريق الزهري به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤٤٧، ٦٢٦٦).","vol":"16","page":533},{"text":"أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يَستَخلِفْ أحَدًا بالنَّصِّ عَلَيه.\n\n١٦٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرَّزازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عامِرٍ، حدثنا صالِحُ بن رُستُمَ أبو عامِرٍ الخَزَّازُ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ أُمُّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ -: لَمّا ثَقُلَ أبي دَخَلَ عَلَيه فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ، فقالوا: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللّه، ماذا تَقولُ لِرَبِّكَ غَدًا إذا قَدِمتَ عَلَيه وقَدِ استَخلَفتَ عَلَينا ابنَ الخَطَّابِ؟ قالَت: فأجلَسناه، فقالَ؟ أبِاللهِ تُرهِبونِي؟ أقولُ: استَخلَفتُ عَلَيهِم خَيرَهُم (^١).\n\n١٦٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الأميرُ أبو أحمدَ خَلَفُ بن أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ يوسُفَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: بَلَغَنِي أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ - ﵁ - أوصَى في مَرَضِه فقالَ لِعُثمانَ - ﵁ -: اكتُبْ: بسمِ اللّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، هذا ما أوصَى به أبو بكرِ بن أبي قُحافَةَ عِندَ آخِرِ عَهدِه بالدُّنيا خارِجًا مِنها، وأوَّلِ عَهدِه بالآخِرَةِ داخِلًا فيها حينَ يَصدُقُ الكاذِبُ، ويُؤَدِّي الخائنُ، ويُؤمِنُ الكافِرُ، إنِّي استَخلَفتُ بَعدِي عُمَرَ بنَ الخطاب، فإِن عَدَلَ فذاكَ ظنِّي به ورَجائي فيه، وإِن بَدَّلَ وجارَ فلا أعلمُ الغَيبَ، ولِكُلِّ امرِيءٍ ما اكتَسَبَ ﴿وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ﴾ (^٢) [الشعراء: ٢٢٧].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٢٥٠، ٢٥١ من طريق المصنف به. وابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٢٧٤ عن سعيد بن عامر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٤٤/ ٢٥١ من طريق المصنف به. وينظر طبقات ابن سعد ٣/ ٢٠٠.","vol":"16","page":534},{"text":"١٦٦٥٥ - وقَد أنبأنيه القاضِي أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ إجازَةً، أن أبا محمدٍ الفاكِهِيَّ أخبَرَهُم، فذَكَرَه في إسنادِه نَحوَه.\nورَواه محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُجَبَّرِ (^١) عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ مَوصولًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3564>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ الأمرَ شورَى بَينَ المُستَصلَحيَن لَهُ</span>\n\n١٦٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللّهِ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ اليَعْمَرِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ نَبِيَّ اللّهِ - ﷺ - وأبا بكرٍ - ﵁ -، ثُمَّ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّي رأيتُ كأن ديكًا نَقَرَنِي نَقرَةً أو نَقرَتَين، وإِنِّي لا أرَى ذَلِكَ إلَّا لِحُضورِ أجَلِي، وإِنَّ أُناسًا يأْمُرونِي (^٣) بأن أستَخلِفَ، وِإنَ اللهَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُضيِّعَ دينَه وخِلافَتَه وما بَعَثَ به رسولَ اللّهِ - ﷺ -، فإِن عُجِّلَ بي فالشّورَى في هَؤُلاءِ السِّتَةِ الَّذينَ توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - وهو عَنهُم راضٍ، فمَن بايَعتُم فاسمَعوا له وأطيعوا، وإِنَّ ناسًا سَيَطعَنونَ في ذَلِكَ، فإِن فعَلوا فأولَئكَ أعداءُ اللّهِ الكَفَرَةُ الضُّلَّالُ، أنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"المحبر\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٢٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٩/ ٢٨٣٦ من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن المجبر به.\n(^٣) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"يأمرون\".","vol":"16","page":535},{"text":"جاهَدتُهُم بيَدِي هذه على الإسلام، وإِنِّي لا أدعُ شَيئًا أهَمَّ عِندِي مِن أمرِ الكَلالَة، وما أغلَظَ لي رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - في شَئٍ ما أغلَظَ لي فيه، فطَعَنَ بإِصبَعِه في صَدرِي أو في جَنبِي ثُمَّ قال: \"يا عُمَرُ، يَكفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيفِ التي في آخِرِ سورَةِ النِّساءِ\". وإِنِّي إنْ أعِشْ أقضِ فيها بقَضاءٍ لا يَختَلِفُ فيه أحَدٌ قرَأ القُرآنَ ومَن لَم يَقرأَ القُرآنَ، وإِنِّي أُشهِدُ اللهَ على أُمَراءِ الأمصارِ؛ فإِنِّي إنَّما بَعَثتُهُم ليُعَلِّموا الناسَ دينَهُم وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّهِم، ويَرفَعوا إلَينا ما أشكَلَ (^١) عَلَيهِم، وإِنَّكُم أيُّها النّاسُ تأْكُلونَ مِن شَجَرَتَينِ لا أُراهُما إلَّا خَبيثَتَين، قَد كُنتُ أرَى الرَّجُلَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللّهِ - ﷺ - يُوجَدُ ريحُهُما مِنه فيُؤخَذُ بيَدِه فيُخرَجُ إلَى البَقيع، فمَن أكَلَهُما فلْيُمِتْهُما طَبخًا؛ الثومُ والبَصَلُ. قال: خَطَبَ لَهُم يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ وماتَ يَومَ الأربِعاءِ لأربَعٍ بَقِينَ مِن ذِي الحِجَّةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَة وغيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ في قِصَّةِ مَقتَلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: فقالوا: أوصِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، استَخلِفْ. فَقالَ: ما أحَدٌ أحَقَّ بهَذا الأمرِ مِن هَؤُلاءِ النَّفَرِ أوِ الرَّهطِ الَّذينَ توُفِّيَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨: \"من أمرهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤١)، وابن ماجه (١٠١٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٦٦٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به مختصرًا. والنسائي (٧٠٧)، وابن حبان (٢٠٩١) من طريق قتادة به بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٦٧/ ٧٨).","vol":"16","page":536},{"text":"رسولُ اللّهِ - ﷺ - وهو عَنهُم راضٍ، فسَمَّى عَليًّا وعُثمانَ والزُّبَيرَ وطَلحَةَ وسَعدًا وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ - ﵃ -، وقالَ: لِيَشهَدْكُم عبدُ اللّهِ بن عُمَرَ، ولَيسَ له مِنَ الأمرِ شَئٌ. كالتَّعزيَةِ له، وقالَ: فإِن أصابَتِ الإمرَةُ سَعدًا فهو ذاكَ، وإِلَّا فلْيَستَعِنْ به أيُّكُم ما أُمِّرَ، فإِنِّي لَم أعزِلْه مِن عَجزٍ ولا خيانَةٍ. وقالَ: أُوصى الخَليفَةَ مِن بَعدِي بالمُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ أن يَعلَمَ لَهُم حَقَّهُم ويَحفَظَ لَهُم حُرمَتَهُم، وأُوصِيه بالأنصارِ الَّذينَ تبَوَّءوا الدّارَ والإيمانَ مِن قَبلِهِم أن يُقبَلَ مِن مُحسِنِهِم، وأن يُعفى عن مُسيئهِم، وأُوصِيه (^١) بأهلِ الأمصارِ خَيرًا؛ فإِنَّهُم رِدءُ الإسلام، وجُباةُ الأموال، وغَيظُ العَدوِّ ألَّا يُؤخَذَ مِنهُم إلَّا فضلُهُم عن رِضاهُم، وأُوصيه (^٢) بالأَعرابِ خَيرًا؛ فإِنَهُم أصلُ العَرَبِ ومادَّةُ الإسلامِ أن يُؤخَذَ مِن حَواشِي أموالِهِم فيُرَدَّ على فُقَرائهِم، وأوصيه بذِمَّةِ اللّهِ وذِمَّةِ رسولِه أن يوفَى لَهُم بعَهدِهِم، وأن يُقاتَلَ مِن ورائِهِم ولا يُكَلَّفوا إلَّا طاقَتَهُم. فلَمّا قُبِضَ خَرَجنا به فانطَلَقنا نَمشِي. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في دَفنِه قال: فلَمّا فُرغَ مِن دَفنِه ورَجَعوا اجتَمَعَ هَؤُلاءِ الرَّهطُ، فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ - ﵁ -: اجعَلوا أمرَكُم إلَى ثَلاثَةٍ مِنكُم. قال الزُّبَيرُ: قَد جَعَلتُ أمرِي إلَى عليٍّ. وقالَ طَلحَةُ: قَد جَعَلتُ أمرِي إلَى عثمانَ. وقالَ سَعدٌ: قَد جَعَلتُ أمرِي إلَى عبد الرَّحمَنِ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: أيُّكُما يَبرأُ مِن هذا الأمرِ فيَجعَلُه إلَيَّ واللهُ علَيَّ والإسلامُ لَيَنظُرَنَّ أفضَلَهُم في نَفسِه ولَيَحرِصَنَّ على صَلاحِ الأُمَّةِ؟ قال: فأُسكِتَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"وأوصيهم\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"أوصيهم\".","vol":"16","page":537},{"text":"الشيخانِ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: أفَتَجعَلونَه إلَيَّ واللَّهُ علَيَّ ألَّا آلوَ عن أفضَلِكُم؟ فقالا: نَعَم. قال: فأخَذَ بيَدِ أحَدِهِما فقالَ: لَكَ مِن قَرابَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - والقدَمِ في الإسلامِ ما قَد عَلِمتَ، واللَّهُ عَلَيكَ لَئِن أنا أمَّرتُكَ لَتَعدِلَنَّ، ولَئِن أنا أمَّرتُ عثمانَ لَتَسمَعَنَّ ولتُطيعَنَّ. ثُمَّ خَلا بالآخَرِ فقالَ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا أخَذَ الميثاقَ قال: ارفَعْ يَدَكَ يا عثمانُ. فبايَعَه وبايَعَ له عليٌّ - ﵄ -، ووَلَجَ أهلُ الدّارِ فبايَعوه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنا سالِمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: دَخَلَ علَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حينَ نَزَلَ به المَوتُ عثمانُ بن عَفانَ وعَلِيُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ والزُّبَيرُ بن العَوّامِ وسَعدُ بن أبي وقّاصٍ - ﵃ -، وكانَ طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ - ﵁ - غائبًا بأرضِه بالسَّراة، فنَظَرَ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ ساعَةً ثُمَّ قال: إنِّي قَد نَظَرتُ لَكُم في أمرِ الناس، فلَم أجِدْ عِندَ الناسِ شِقاقًا، إلَّا أن يَكونَ فيكُم شَئٌ، فإِن كان شِقاقٌ فهو مِنكُم، وإنَّ الأمرَ إلَى سِتَّةٍ؛ إلَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ والزبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ وطَلحَةَ وسَعدٍ، ثُمَّ إنَّ قَومَكُم إنّما يُؤَمَّرونَ أحَدَكُم أيُّها الثَّلاثَةُ، فإِن كُنتَ على شَئٍ مِن أمرِ النّاسِ يا عثمانُ فلا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٥١٤. وتقدم في (٥٣٢٠، ١٦١٠٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٠٠).","vol":"16","page":538},{"text":"تَحمِلَنَّ بَنِي أبي مُعَيطٍ على رِقابِ النّاس، وإِن كُنتَ على شَئٍ مِن أمرِ النّاسِ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فلا تَحمِلَنَّ أقارِبَكَ على رِقابِ النّاس، وإِن كُنتَ على شَئٍ يا عليُّ فلا تَحمِلَنَّ بَنِي هاشِمٍ على رِقابِ النّاس، قُوموا فتَشاوَروا وأمِّروا أحَدَكُم، فقاموا يَتَشاوَرونَ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فدَعانِي عثمانُ - ﵁ - مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَينِ ليُدخِلَنِي في الأمر، ولَم يُسَمِّنِي عُمَرُ، ولا واللَّهِ ما أُحِبُّ أنِّي كُنتُ مَعَهُم عِلمًا مِنه بأنَّه سَيَكونُ مِن أمرِهِم ما قال أبي، واللَّهِ لَقَلَّما سَمِعتُه حَرَّكَ شَفَتَيه بشَئٍ قَطُّ إلَّا كان حَقًّا، فلَمّا أكثَرَ عثمانُ دُعائِي قُلتُ: ألَا تَعقِلونَ؟ تُؤَمِّرونَ وأميرُ المُؤمِنينَ حَيٌّ، فواللَّهِ لَكأنَّما أيقَظتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - مِن مَرقَدٍ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أَمهِلوا فإِن حَدَثَ بي حَدَثٌ فليُصَلِّ لِلنّاسِ صُهَيبٌ مَولَى بَنِي جُدْعَانَ ثلاثَ لَيالٍ، ثُمَّ أجْمَعُوا في اليَومِ الثالِثِ أشرافَ الناسِ وأُمَراءَ الأجنادِ فأمِّروا أحَدَكُم، فمَن تأمَّرَ عن غَيرِ مَشورَةٍ فاضرِبوا عُنُقَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3565>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَنبيهِ الإمامِ على مَن يَراه أهلًا لِلخِلافَةِ بَعدَهُ</span>\n\n١٦٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِيءٍ، وكَتَبَه لِي بخَطِّه، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٤٣٧، ٤٣٨ من طريق المصنف به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٧٦)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٣٤٤، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٤٨٠ من طريق ابن شهاب به مختصرًا.","vol":"16","page":539},{"text":"محمدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا موسَى بن أبي عائشَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشَةَ - ﵄ - فقُلتُ لها: أَلَا تُحَدِّثيِني عن مَرَضِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَت: بَلَى، ثَقُلَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"أصَلَّى النّاسُ؟ \". فقُلتُ: لا، وهُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"ضَعوا ماءً في المِخضَبِ\". قالَت: ففَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أفاقَ فقالَ: \"أصَلَّى النّاسُ؟ \". قُلنا: لا، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ. قال: \"ضَعوا لِي ماءً في المِخضَبِ\". ففَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عَلَيه، فأفاقَ فقالَ: \"أصَلَّى النّاسُ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ. فقالَ: \"ضَعوا لِي ماءً في المِخضَبِ\". ففَعَلنا فاغتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ ليَنوءَ فأُغمِيَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أفاقَ فقالَ: \"أصَلَّى النّاسُ؟ \". قُلنا: لا، هُم يَنتَظِرونَكَ يا رسولَ اللَّه، والنّاسُ عُكوفٌ في المَسجِدِ لِصلاةِ العِشاءِ الآخِرَةِ. قالَت: فأرسَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بأن يُصَلِّيَ بالنّاسِ. قالَت: فأتاه الرَّسولُ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يأْمُرُكَ بأن تُصَلِّيَ بالنّاسِ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وكانَ رَجُلًا رَقيقًا: يا عُمَرُ صَلِّ بالنّاسِ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أنتَ أحَقُّ بذَلِكَ. فصَلَّى أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - تِلكَ الأيّامَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وجَدَ مِن نَفسِه خِفَّةً فخَرَجَ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ أحَدُهُما العباسُ لِصلاةِ الطهر، وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّي بالنّاس، فلَمّا رآه أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - ذَهَبَ ليَتأخَّرَ، فأومأ إلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بألَّا يَتأخرَ، قال: \"أجلِسانِي إلَى جَنبِه\". فأجلَساه إلَى جَنبِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -. قال: فجَعَلَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يُصَلِّي وهو قائمٌ بصَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - والنّاسُ بصَلاةِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قاعِدٌ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: فدَخَلتُ","vol":"16","page":540},{"text":"على عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ فقُلتُ له: أَلَا أعرِضُ عَلَيكَ ما حَدَّثَتنِي به عائشَةُ عن مَرَضِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: هاتِ. فعَرَضتُ عَلَيه حَديثَها، فما أنكَرَ مِنه شَيئًا غَيرَ أنَّه قال: أسَمَّت لَكَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي كان مَعَ العباسِ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: هو عليٌّ - ﵄ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سعيدٍ يَحيَى بن سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا اشتَدَّ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وجَعُه قال: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فقالَت له عائشَةُ - رضي الله عنا -: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ رَقيقٌ، إذا قامَ مَقامَكَ لَم يُسمِعِ الناسَ مِنَ البُكاءِ. فقالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فعاوَدَته مِثلَ مَقالَتِها فقالَ: \"أنتُنَّ صَواحِباتُ يوسُفَ، مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأخبَرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها قالَت: لَقَد عاوَدتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَلِكَ، وما حَمَلَنِي على مُعاوَدَتِه إلَّا أنِّي خَشِيتُ أن يَتَشاءَمَ النّاسُ بأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وإِلا أنِّي عَلِمتُ أنَّه لَن يَقومَ مَقامَه أحَدٌ إلَّا تَشاءَمَ الناسُ به، فأحبَبتُ أن يَعدِلَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (١٤٦٦)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٥٠ مختصرًا. وتقدم في (٦٠٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٧)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٨٦. وتقدم في (٣٤٠٠).","vol":"16","page":541},{"text":"وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن حَمزَةَ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - (^١).\n\n١٦٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا زائدَةُ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ بنِ أبي موسَى، عن أبيه قال: مَرِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَل بالنّاسِ\". فقالَت عائشةُ - ﵄ -: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ رَقيقٌ. فقالَ أُخرَى: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ [- ﵄ -: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٢): إنَّ أبا بكرٍ رَجُلٌ رَقيقٌ. فقالَ: \"مُروا أبا بكرٍ فليُصَلِّ بالنّاسِ؛ فإنَّكُنَّ صَواحِبُ يوسُفَ\". قال: فأمَّ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى الجَكانِيُّ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي أنَسُ بن مالكٍ، وكانَ تَبعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وخَدَمَه وصحِبَه، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - كان يُصَلِّي لَهُم في وجَعِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الَّذِي توُفِّيَ فيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، حَتَّى إذا\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٢)، ومسلم (٤١٨/ ٩٤).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٥١. وتقدم في (٥١٣٣، ٥١٣٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٨، ٣٣٨٥)، ومسلم (٤٢٠/ ١٠١).\n(^٥) في ص ٨، م: \"الحكانى\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٧٧٤)، ولب اللباب ١/ ٢٠٨.","vol":"16","page":542},{"text":"كان يَومُ الاثنَينِ وهُم صُفوفٌ في الصَّلاةِ كَشَفَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - سِترَ الحُجُرَةِ يَنظُرُ إلَينا وهو قائمٌ كأنَّ وجهَه ورَقَةُ مُصحَفٍ، ثُمَّ تبَسَّمَ، قال: فهَمَمْنا أن نَفتَتِنَ برُؤيَتِه ونَحنُ في الصَّلاةِ مِن فرَحٍ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ونَكَصَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - على عَقِبَيه ليَصِلَ الصَّفَّ، وظَنَّ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خارجٌ إلَى الصلاةَ. قال: فأشارَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أتِمّوا صَلاتكُم، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - وأرخَى السِّترَ، فتوُفِّيَ مِن يَومِه ذَلِكَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: اشتَكَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا، فكانَ إذا وجَدَ خِفَّةً صَلَّى، وإِذا ثَقُلَ صَلَّى أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٦٤ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو البَختَرِيِّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن على الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لَمّا قُبِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالَتِ الأنصارُ: مِنّا أميرٌ ومِنكُم أميرٌ. قال: فأتاهُم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقالَ: يا مَعشَرَ الأنصار، ألَستُم تَعلَمونَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ أبا بكرٍ يَؤُمُّ النّاسَ، فأيُّكُم تَطيبُ نَفسُه أن يَتَقَدَّمَ أبا بكرٍ؟ فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: نَعوذُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥١١٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٣٥، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٥٠. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ١٨١ عن أحمد بن يونس وعنده: أحمد بن عبد الله بن يونس.","vol":"16","page":543},{"text":"باللَّهِ أن نَتَقَدَّمَ أبا بكرٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٦٦٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِيءٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِرِ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيح، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ كان مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وأنَ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ كَسَرَ سَيفَ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵄ -، ثُمَّ قامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فخَطَبَ النّاسَ واعتَذَرَ إلَيهِم، وقالَ: واللَّهِ ما كُنتُ حَريصًا على الإمارَةِ يَومًا ولا لَيلَةً قَط، ولا كُنتُ فيها راغِبًا، ولا سألتُها اللَّه في سِرٍّ ولا عَلانيَةٍ، ولَكِنِّي أشفَقتُ مِنَ الفِتنَة، ومالِي في الإمارَةِ مِن راحَةٍ، ولَكِن قُلِّدتُ أمرًا عَظيمًا ما لِي به طاقَةٌ ولا يَدَانِ إلَّا بتَقويَةِ اللَّه، ولَوَدِدتُ أنَّ أَقْوَى النّاسِ عَلَيها مَكانِي عَلَيها اليَومَ. فقَبِلَ المُهاجِرونَ مِنه ما قال وما اعتَذَرَ به، وقالَ عليٌّ والزُّبَيرُ - ﵄ -: ما غَضِبنا إلَّا لأَنّا أُخِّرنا عن المُشاوَرَة، وإنّا نَرَى أبا بكرٍ أحَقَّ النّاسِ بها بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ إنَّه لَصاحِبُ الغارِ وثانِي اثنَين، وإِنّا لَنَعرِفُ شَرَفَه وكِبَرَه، ولَقَد أمَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالصَّلاةِ بالنّاسِ وهو حَيٌّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ،، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٧٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٣، ٣٧٦٥)، والنسائي (٧٧٦) من طريق حسين بن علي به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٥٣: سنده جيد.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٩٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٦٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"16","page":544},{"text":"محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ السَّعدِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ علَيَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في اليَوم الَّذِي بُدِئَ فيه، فقُلتُ: وارأساه! قال: \"لَوَدِدتُ أن ذَلِكَ كان وأنا حَيٌّ فأصَلِّيَ عَلَيكِ وأدفِنَكِ\". قالَت: فقُلتُ غَيرَى: كأنِّي بكَ في ذَلِكَ اليَومِ مُعَرِّسًا ببَعضِ نِسائكَ. قال: \"أنا وارأساه! ادعِي لِي أباكِ وأخاكِ حَتَّى أكتُبَ لأبِي بكرٍ كتابًا؛ فإنِّي أخافُ أن يَتَمَنَّى مُتَمَنٍّ ويَقولَ قائلٌ، ويأبَى اللّهُ والمُؤمِنونَ إِلَّا أبا بكرٍ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا أبو ثابِتٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ، عن أبيه، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - امرأةٌ فكَلَّمَته في شَئٍ، فأمَرَها أن تَرجِعَ إلَيه. قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أرأيتَ إن رَجَعتُ فلَم أجِدْكَ؟ كأنَّها تَعني المَوتَ، قال: \"إن لَم تَجِدِينِي فأتِي أبا بكرٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِه عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥١١٣)، والسنن في الكبرى (٧٠٨١)، وابن حبان (٦٥٩٨) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٣٨٧/ ١١)، والبخاري (٥٦٦٦، ٧٢١٧). وتقدم في (٦٦٤٢).","vol":"16","page":545},{"text":"الشَّعرانِيِّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي ثابِتٍ (^٢)، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن عَبّادِ بنِ موسَى عن إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيي بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن مَولًى لِرِبعِيٍّ، عن رِبعِيٍّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" اقتَدوا باللذَينِ مِن بَعدِي؛ أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ، واهتَدوا بهَديِ عَمّارٍ، وتَمَسَّكوا بعَهدِ ابنِ أُمِّ عبدٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد اللَّه، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن هِلالٍ مَولَى رِبعِيٍّ، عن رَبعِيٍّ؛ عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقتَدوا بِالَّلذَينِ مِن بَعدِي\". يَعنِي أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ (^٥) -.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٧٥، والشافعي ١/ ١٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٥٥)، والترمذي (٣٦٧٦)، وابن حبان (٦٦٥٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٢) البخاري - كما في تحفة الأشراف (٣١٩٢)، وأبو ثابت هو محمد بن عبيد اللَّه، وفي مطبوعة البخاري (٣٦٥٩) محمد بن عبد اللَّه. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٤٦.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٣٨٦/ ١٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٠ عن الضحاك به. وأحمد (٢٣٢٧٦)، والترمذي (٣٧٩٩ م)، وابن ماجه (٩٧) - مختصرًا - من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٨٠. وأخرجه البزار (٢٨٢٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٢٣٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد اللَّه (الأويسي) به.","vol":"16","page":546},{"text":"١٦٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِث، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن المُغيرَة، حَدَّثَنِي ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ حينَ تَخَلَّفَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن أصحابِه في مَسيرِه، قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما تَرَونَ النّاسَ صَنَعوا؟ \". ثُمَّ قال: \"أصبَحَ النّاسُ فقَدوا نَبيَّهُم، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ: رسولُ اللَّهِ بَعدَكُم لَم يَكُنْ ليُخَلِّفَكُم. وقالَ النّاسُ: إن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بينَ أيدِيكُم. وإن تُطيعوا أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ تَرشُدوا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، والقاضِي أبو الهَيثَمِ عُتبَةُ بن خَيثَمَةَ، وأبو زَكَريا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سعيدًا أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"بَينا أنا نائمٌ رأيتُنِي على قَليبٍ عَلَيها دَلوٌ، فنَزَعتُه فنَزَعتُ مِنها ما شاءَ اللّهُ، ثُمَّ أخَذَها ابنُ أبي قُحافَةَ فنَزَعَ مِنها ذَنوبًا أو ذَنوبَين، وفِي نَزعِه ضَعفٌ، واللَّهُ يَغفِرُ له، ثُمَّ استَحالَت غَرْبًا (^٣) فَأَخَذَهَا ابنُ الخطاب، فلَم أرَ عَبقَريًّا مِنَ النّاسِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٨٢ - ٢٨٥. وأخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٣١٠٩)، وأبو نعيم في المستخرج (١٥٣٣) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به مطولًا. وابن حبان (٦٩٠١) من طريق ثابت به بنحوه مختصرًا. وتقدم في (١٧٨٥، ١٩١٧، ٣٢١٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٨١/ ٣١١).\n(^٣) الغرب: الدلو العظيمة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ١٥٩.","vol":"16","page":547},{"text":"يَنزِعُ نَزعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ النّاسُ بعَطَنٍ (^١) \". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا موسَى بن عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أبيه عن رُؤيا رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: \"رأيتُ النّاسَ اجتَمَعوا، فقامَ أبو بكرٍ فنَزَعَ ذَنوبًا أو ذَنوبَين، وفِي نَزعِه ضَعفٌ، واللَّهُ يَغفِرُ له، ثُمَّ قامَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ فاستَحالَت غَرْبًا، فما رأيتُ عَبقَريًّا مِنَ النّاسِ يَفْرِي فَريَه (^٣) حَتَّى ضَرَبَ النّاسُ بعَطَنٍ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) ضرب الناس بعطن: أي أرووا إبلهم ثم آووها إلى عطنها، وهو الموضع الذي تساق إليه بعد السقي لتستريح. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ١٦١.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٧٣، ٤٧٤. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨١١٦)، وابن حبان (٦٨٩٨) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٦٤)، ومسلم (٢٣٩٢/ ١٧).\n(^٣) فَرْيَه، فَرِيَّه: بالتخفيف والتثقيل، وغلط الخليل التثقيل، والمراد: لم أر سيدًا يعمل عمله ويقطع قطعه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ١٦٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٢٩) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (٢٢٨٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٦٣٦) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧٠٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٣٩٣/ عقب ١٩).","vol":"16","page":548},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشافِعِيُّ: رُؤيا الأنبياءِ وحيٌ. وقَولُه: \"وفِي نَزعِه ضَعفٌ\". قِصَرُ مُدَّتِه وعَجَلَةُ مَوتِه وشُغُلُه بالحَربِ لأهلِ الرِّدَّةِ عن الافتِتاحِ والتَّزَيُّدِ الَّذِي بَلَغَه عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - في طولِ مُدَّتِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3566>بابُ جَوازِ تَوليَةِ الإمامِ مَن يَنوبُ عنه وإِن لَم يَكُنْ قُرَشيًّا</span>\n\n١٦٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا مُصعَبٌ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحِزامِيُّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: أمَّرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ مُؤتَةَ زَيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ - ﵁ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن قُتِلَ زَيدٌ فجَعفَرٌ، وإن قُتلَ جَعفَرٌ فعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن رَواحَةَ\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: كُنتُ مَعَهُم في تِلكَ الغَزوَة، فالتَمَسنا جَعفَرًا فوَجَدناه في القَتلَى، ووَجَدنا فيما أقبَلَ مِن جَسَدِه بضعًا وتِسعينَ بَينَ ضَربَةٍ ورَميَةٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي بكرٍ عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ (^٣). زَيدُ بن حارِثَةَ مِنَ المَوالي، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن رَواحَةَ مِنَ الأنصارِ.\n\n١٦٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٤٧٤، والدلائل ٦/ ٣٤٥، والأم ١/ ١٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٤١) عن أبي يعلى (أحمد بن علي بن المثنى) به، وفيه: \"وسبعين\" بدلًا من: \"وتسعين\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٦١).","vol":"16","page":549},{"text":"حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ القَوارِيرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن أنَّسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ زَيدًا وجَعفَرًا وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ، ودَفَعَ الرّايَةَ إلَى زَيدٍ فأُصيبوا جَميعًا، قال أنَسٌ: فنَعاهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى النّاسِ قبلَ أن يَجِيءَ الخَبَرُ. قال: \"أخَذَ الرّايَةَ زَيدٌ فأُصيبَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ جَعفَرٌ فأُصيبَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن رَواحَةَ فأُصيبَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ الرّايَةَ بَعدُ سَيفٌ مِن سُيوفِ اللَّهِ؛ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ\". قال: فجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُ النّاسَ وعَيناه تَذرِفانِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وأحمَدَ بنِ واقِدٍ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\nوفيه دِلالَةٌ على أن النّاسَ إذا لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيهِم أمير ولا خَليفَةُ أميرٍ، فقامَ بإِمارَتِهِم مَن هو صالِحٌ لِلإمارَةِ وانقادوا له انعَقَدَت وِلايَتُه؛ حَيثُ استَحسَنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما فعلَ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ مِن أخذِه الرَّايَةَ وتأمُّرِه عَلَيهِم دونَ أمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ودونَ استِخلافِ مَن مَضَى مِن أُمَراءِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إياه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ المُقريُّ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِهرانَ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن صَدَقَةَ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعثًا وأمَّرَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٤١٨٩). وأخرجه النسائي (١٨٧٧) من طريق سليمان بن حرب عن حماد به بنحوه مختصرًا. وأحمد (١٢١١٤) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٣٠، ٣٧٥٧، ٤٢٦٢).","vol":"16","page":550},{"text":"عَلَيهِم أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ - ﵁ -، فطَعَنَ النّاسُ في إمارَتِه فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن تَطعَنوا في إمارَتِه فقَد كُنتُم تَطعَنونَ في إمارَةِ أبيه مِن قَبلُ، وايمُ اللَّهِ إن كان لَخَليقًا لِلإِمارَة، وإِن كان أبوه لَمِن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ، وإِنَّ هذا لَمِن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ بَعدَه\" (^١).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خالِدِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه ومُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ لَهُما: \"تَطاوَعا، ويَسِّرا ولا تُعَسِّرا، وبَشِّرا ولا تُنَفِّرا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤)، واستَشهَدَ البخاريُّ برِوايَةِ أبي داودَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٦٧٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حُصينٍ الأحمَسِيُّ، أخبَرَتنِي جَدَّتِي - واسمُها أُمُّ حُصينٍ الأحمَسيَّةُ - قالَت: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٤٠٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٠١، والطيالسي (٤٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٤٢) من طريق شعبة به.\nوابن حبان (٥٣٧٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي بردة به بنحوه مطولًا.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٣٨)، ومسلم (١٧٣٣/ ٧).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٧١٧٢).","vol":"16","page":551},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنِ استُعمِلَ عَلَيكُم عبدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ - ما قادَكُم بكِتابِ اللَّهِ - فاسمَعوا له وأطيعوا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ القاضِي بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن خُزَيمَةَ بنِ راشِدٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان قَيسُ بن سَعدٍ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَنزِلَةِ صاحِبِ الشُّرَطِ مِنَ الأميرِ. يَعني يَنظُرُ في أُمورِه (^٣).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِيِّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3567>بابُ السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ لِلإِمامِ (^٥) ومَن يَنوبُ عنه، ما لَم يأْمُرْ بمَعصيَةٍ</span>\n\n١٦٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ الأعوَرُ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٠٢)، والطيالسي (١٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٤٦)، والنسائي (٤٢٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٦١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٥٠٨) من طريق الأنصاري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٥٥) عن محمد بن خالد الذهلي عن الأنصاري.\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \"للأمير\".","vol":"16","page":552},{"text":"مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩]، في عبد اللَّهِ بنِ حُذافَةَ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ السَّهمِي، بَعَثَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً. أخبَرَنيه يَعلَى بن مسلمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضل، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن زُهَيرٍ وهارونَ الحَمَّالِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَرْوَ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أطاعَنِي فقَد أطاعَ اللَّهَ، ومَن عَصانِي فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ، ومَن أطاعَ أميرِي فقَد أطاعَنِي، ومَن عَصَى أميرِي فقَد عَصانِي\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحُباب، حَدَّثَنِي مَكِّيُّ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي زيادُ بن سَعدٍ أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه. فذَكَرَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٢٣، وفي الشعب (٧٣٤٤) دون ذكر العباس بن محمد الدوري. وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٢٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦٢٤)، والترمذي (١٦٧٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٠٥) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٨٤)، ومسلم (١٨٣٤/ ٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٥٦) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٣٧)، ومسلم (١٨٣٥/ ٣٣).","vol":"16","page":553},{"text":"بنَحوِهِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن مَكِّيِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن الفَرَجِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ يَعنِي ابنَ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّمّان، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَلَيكَ بالطَّاعَةِ في مَنشَطِكَ ومَكرَهِكَ وعُسرِكَ ويُسرِكَ وأثَرَةٍ عَلَيكَ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وقُتَيبَةَ عن يَعقوبَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ وابنُ خُزَيمَةَ وابنُ عبد الكَريمِ قالوا: أخبرَنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو التَّيّاحِ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اسمَعوا وأطيعوا وإِنِ استُعمِلَ عَلَيكُم عبدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ كأَنَّ رأسَه زَبيبَةٌ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٣٧)، والنسائي (٤٢٠٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٣٥/ عقب ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٥٣)، والنسائي (٤١٦٦) من طريق يعقوب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٣٦/ ٣٥).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٠٦) دون ذكر ابن خزيمة وابن عبد الكريم. وتقدم في (٥١٨٤).\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٩٣).","vol":"16","page":554},{"text":"١٦٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: أوصانِي النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - أن أسمَعَ وأُطيعَ، ولَو لِعَبدٍ مُجَدَّعِ الأطرافِ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثنِي نافِعٌ، عن عبد اللَّه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"السَّمعُ والطّاعَةُ على المَرءِ المُسلِمِ فيما أحَبَّ وكَرِهَ ما لَم يُؤمَرْ بمَعصيَةٍ، فإِذا أُمِرَ بمَعصيَةٍ فلا سَمعَ ولا طاعَةَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن يحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السَّلَمِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥١٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٢٤، وأبو داود (٢٦٢٦)، وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٦٨) عن يحيى به. وتقدم في (٥٤٠٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٥٥، ٧١٤٤)، ومسلم (١٨٣٩/ عقب ٣٨).","vol":"16","page":555},{"text":"عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً، وأمَّرَ عَلَيهِم رَجُلًا وأمَرَهُم أن يُطيعوه، فأجَّجَ لَهُم نارًا وأمَرَهُم أن يَقتَحِموا، فهَمَّ قَومٌ أن يَفعَلوا، وقالَ آخَرونَ: إنَّما فرَرنا مِنَ النّارِ. فأبَوا، ثُمَّ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَو دَخَلوها لَم يَزالوا فيها إلَى يَومِ القيامَة، لا طاعَةَ في مَعصيَةِ اللَّه، إنما الطاعَةُ في المَعروفِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3568>بابُ التَّرغيبِ في لُزومِ الجَماعَةِ، والتَّشديدِ على مَن نَزَعَ يَدَه مِنَ الطّاعَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو عَمّارٍ الحُسَينُ بن حُرَيثٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، وِإسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن سعيدٍ اليَشكُرِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بُسرُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو إدريسَ أنَّه سَمِعَ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ يقولُ: كان الناسُ يَسألونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الخَير، وكُنتُ أسألُه عن الشَّرِّ مَخافَةَ أن يُدرِكَنِي،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦٢٥)، والنسائي (٤٢١٦)، وابن حبان (٤٥٦٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٥٧)، ومسلم (١٨٤٠/ ٣٩).","vol":"16","page":556},{"text":"فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا كنّا في جاهِليَّةٍ وشَرٍّ فجاءَنا اللّهُ بهَذا الخَيرِ، فهَل بعدَ هذا الخَيرِ مِن شَرٍّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فهَل بعدَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرِّ مِن خَيرٍ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وفيه دَخَنٌ\". فقُلتُ: وما دَخَنُهُ؟ قال: \"قَومٌ يَهدونَ بغَيرِ هَديي، تَعرِفُ مِنهُم وتُنكِرُ\". قُلتُ: هَل بعدَ ذَلِكَ الخَيرِ مِن شَرٍّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، دُعاةٌ على أبوابِ جَهَنَّمَ، مَن أجابَهُم إلَيها قَذَفوه فيها\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، صِفْهُم لَنا. قال: \"هُم مِن جِلدَتِنا ويَتَكَلَّمونَ بألْسِنَتِتَا\". قُلتُ: فما تأْمُرُنِي إن أدرَكَنِي ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"تَلزَمُ جَماعَةَ المُسلِمينَ وإمامَهُم\". قُلتُ: فإِن لَم تكُنْ جَماعَةٌ ولا إمامٌ؟ قال: \"فاعتَزِلْ تِلكَ الفِرَقَ كُلَّها، ولَو أن تَعَضَّ بِأَصْلِ شَجَرَةٍ حَتَّى يُدرِكَكَ المَوتُ وأنتَ كَذَلِكَ\". قال أبو عَمّارٍ في حَديثِه: صفْهُم لَنا. قال: \"هُم مِن كَذا، ويَتَكَلَّمونَ بألْسِنَتِنَا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِيءُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا شَيبانُ بن فَرُّوخَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبي قَيسِ بنِ رِيَاحٍ (^٣)، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَن خَرَجَ مِنَ الطاعَة، وفارَقَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١١٣. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٩٧٩)، والبزار (٢٩٦٢)، وأبو عوانة (٧١٦٦) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به مختصرًا. وسيأتي في (١٦٨٧٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٠٨٤)، ومسلم (١٨٤٧/ ٥١).\n(^٣) في م: \"رباح\". وقال المزى: زياد بن رياح. ويقال: ابن رباح القيسى أبو رياح. ويقال: أبو قيس البصرى. تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٤٦٢.","vol":"16","page":557},{"text":"الجَماعَةَ؛ فماتَ ماتَ مِيتَةً جاهِليَّةً، ومَن قاتَلَ تَحتَ رايَةٍ عِمِّيَّةٍ (^١) يَغضَبُ لِلعَصَبَةِ (^٢)، أو يَدعو إلَى عَصَبَةٍ (^٣)، أو يَنصُرُ عَصَبَةً (^٣) فقُتِلَ فَقِتْلَةٌ جاهِليَّةٌ، ومَن خَرَجَ على أُمَّتِي يَضرِبُ بَرَّها وفاجِرَها، لا يَتَحاشَى مِن مُؤمِنِها، ولا يَفِي لِذِي عَهدِها، فلَيسَ مِنِّي ولَستُ مِنه\" (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فَرُّوخَ (^٥).\n\n١٦٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عيسَى بن عبد اللَّهِ الطيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سابَقٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن نافِعٍ وسالِمٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: جاءَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ إلَى عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مُطيعٍ، فلَمّا رآه قال: هاتوا لأبِي عبد الرَّحمَنِ وِسادَةً. قال: إنِّي لَم أجِئْكَ لأجلِسَ؛ إنَّما جِئتُك لأُحَدِّثَكَ بحَديثٍ سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"مَن خَلَعَ يَدًا مِن طاعَةٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ يَومَ القيامَةِ ولا حُجَّةَ له، ومَن ماتَ ولَيسَ في عُنُقِه بَيعَةٌ ماتَ مِيتَةً جاهِليَّةً\" (^٦). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عاصِمٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكرْ\n_________\n(^١) عِمِّيَّة: فِعِّيلة من العَماء: أي الضلالة، كالقتال في العصية والأهواء. النهاية ٣/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٢) في م: \"للعصبية\".\n(^٣) في م: \"عصبية\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٤٤) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. والنسائي (٤١٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٤٨) مختصرًا، وابن حبان (٤٥٨٠) من طريق غيلان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٤٨/ ٥٣).\n(^٦) مجموع مصنفات ابن البختري (٧١١). وأخرجه أبو عونة (٧١٥٣) من طريق محمد بن سابق به، وأيضًا في (٧١٥٤) من طريق عاصم بن محمد به بنحوه مختصرًا - دون ذكر سالم في الموضعين.","vol":"16","page":558},{"text":"سالِمًا في إسنادِهِ (^١).\n\n١٦٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الحارِثُ الأشعَرِيُّ، أن رسولَ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَهُم قال: \"وأنا آمُرُكُم بخَمسِ كَلِماتٍ أمَرَنِي اللّهُ ﷿ بهِنَّ؛ الجَماعَةِ والسَّمعِ والطاعَةِ والهِجرَةِ والجِهادِ في سَبيلِ اللَّه، فمَن خَرَجَ مِنَ الجَماعَةِ قِيدَ شِبرٍ فقَد خَلَعَ رِبقَ (^٢) الإِسلامِ مِن رأسِه إِلَّا أن يُراجِعَ، ومَن دَعا دَعوَةَ جاهِليَّةٍ فإِنَّه مِن جُثا جَهَنَّمَ (^٣) \". قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، وإِن صامَ وصلَّى؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وإن صامَ وصَلَّى، فادعُوا بدَعوَةِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمّاكُم بها؛ المُسلِمينَ المُؤمِنينَ عَبّادَ اللَّهِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ وزُهَيرٌ، عن مُطَرفٍ، عن أبي الجَهمِ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أُهبانَ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن فارَقَ الجَماعَةَ شِبرًا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٥١/ ٥٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"ربقة\".\n(^٣) جُثَا جهنم: الجثا جمع جُثْوَة، وهو الشئ المجموع. والمراد: من جماعات جهنم. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٣٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٠)، والترمذي (٢٨٦٣، ٢٨٦٤)، وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٥)، وابن حبان (٦٢٣٣) من طريق زيد بن سلام به مطولًا. قال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب.","vol":"16","page":559},{"text":"فقَد خَلَعَ رِبْقَةَ الإِسلامِ مِن عُنُقِه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3569>بابُ الصَّبِر على أذًى يُصيبُه مِن جِهَةِ إمامِه، وإِنكارِ المُنكَرِ مِن أُمورِه بقَلبِه، وتَركِ الخُروجِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٦٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها سَتَكونُ أثَرَةٌ وأُمورٌ تُنكِرونَها\". قالوا: فما يَصنَعُ مَن أدرَكَ ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أدُّوا الحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَيكُم، وسَلُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَكُم\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يَعلَى (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن مِنهالٍ وعارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن الجَعدِ أبي عثمانَ - قال مُسَدَّدٌ: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا الجَعدُ أبو عثمانَ - حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٥٨) عن أحمد بن يونس به. وأحمد (٢١٥٦١، ٢١٥٦٢) من طريق زهير وأبي بكر بن عياض به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٧٥٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٤٠)، والترمذي (٢١٩٠)، وابن جان (٤٥٨٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٦٠٣)، ومسلم (١٨٤٣/ ٤٥).","vol":"16","page":560},{"text":"أبو رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يَرويه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن رأى مِن أميرِه شَيئًا يَكرَهُه فليَصبِرْ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ أحَدٌ يُفارِقُ الجَماعَةَ شِبرًا (^١) فيَموتُ إِلَّا ماتَ مِيتَةً جاهِليَّةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عارِمٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدارميُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن حَسَّانَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن حَسّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بن سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنّا كُنّا بشَرٍّ، فجاءَ اللّهُ بخَيرٍ فنَحنُ فيه، فهَل مِن وراءِ هذا الخَيرِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: وهَل وراءَ هذا الشَّرِّ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: فهَل وراءَ ذَلِكَ الخَيرِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قُلتُ: كَيفَ يَكونُ؟ قال: \"يَكونُ بَعدِي أئمَّةٌ لا يَهتَدونَ بهُدايَ، ولا يَستَنّونَ بسُنَّتِي، وسَيَقومُ فيهِم رِجالٌ قُلوبُهُم قُلوبُ الشَّياطينِ في جُثمانِ إنسٍ\". قُلتُ: كَيفَ أصنَعُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إن أدرَكتُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"تَسمَعُ وتُطيعُ لِلأمير، وإن ضُرِبَ ظَهرُكَ وأُخِذَ مالُكَ فاسمَعْ وأطِعْ\". رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قيد شبر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٧، ٢٧٠٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٠٥٤)، ومسلم (١٨٤٩/ ٥٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٥٢/ ١٨٤٧).","vol":"16","page":561},{"text":"١٦٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزْيَدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - \"سَيَكونُ بَعدِي خُلَفاءُ يَعمَلونَ بما يَعلَمونَ ويَفعَلونَ ما يُؤمَرونَ، وسَيَكونُ بَعدَهُم خُلَفاءُ يَعمَلونَ بما لا يَعلَمونَ ويَفعَلونَ ما لا يُؤمَرونَ، فمَن أنكَرَ عَلَيهِم بَرِئَ، ومَن أمسَكَ يَدَه سَلِمَ، ولَكِن مَن رَضِيَ وتابَعَ\". (^١)\n\n١٦٦٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّه، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُ بن محمدٍ المُقريء، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا المُعَلَّى بنُ زيادٍ وهِشامُ بن حَسَّانَ، عن الحَسَن، عن ضَبَّةَ بنِ مِحصَنٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها سَتَكون عَلَيكُم أئمَّةٌ تَعرِفونَ مِنهُم وتُنكِرونَ، فمَن أنكَرَ - قال هِشامٌ: بلِسانِه - فقَد بَرِئَ ومَن كَرِهَ بقَلبِه فقَد سَلِمَ، لكن مَن رَضِيَ وتابَعَ\". قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أفَلا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٣/ ٢٦٨ من طريق العباس بن الوليد به. وابن حبان (٦٦٥٨، ٦٦٦٠) من طريق الوليد به. وجاء في تاريخ دمشق: \"ولكن من رضى وبايع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٩٠٢) عن أبي بكر بن زنجويه عن أبي المغيرة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ٢٧٠: ورجاله رجال الصحيح غير أبي بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن زنجويه، وهو ثقة.","vol":"16","page":562},{"text":"نَقتُلُهُم؟ قال: \"لا، مما صَلَّوا\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ: بلِسانِه، ولا \"بقَلبِه\" (^٢)، وإِنَّما هو قَولُ الحَسَنِ:\n\n١٦٦٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ حِسابٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فمَن أنكَرَ فقَد بَرِئَ، ومَن كَرِهَ بقَلبِه فقَد سَلِمَ\". قال الحَسَنُ: فمَن أنكَرَ بلِسانِه فقَد بَرِئَ. وقَد ذَهَبَ زَمانُ هذه \"ومَن كَرِهَ بقَلبِه\". فقَد جاءَ زَمانُ هَذِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، عن ضَبَّةَ بنِ مِحصَنٍ العَنَزِيّ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعناه قال: \"فمَن كَرِهَ فقَد بَرِئَ، ومَن أنكَرَ فقَد سَلِمَ\". قال قتادَةُ: يَعنِي مَن أنكَرَ بقَلبِه، ومَن كَرِهَ بقَلبِهِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ، حدثنا داودُ بن رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٥٧٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٥٤/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه المروزي في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٩٤٩، ٩٥٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٧٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٧٧) من طريق قتادة به، وليس فيه قول قتادة.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٥٤/ ٦٣).","vol":"16","page":563},{"text":"الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا رُزَيقٌ (^١) مَولَى بَنِي فزارَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ مُسلِمَ بنَ قَرَظَةَ ابنَ عَمِّ عَوفِ بنِ مالكٌ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ الاْشجَعِيّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"خيارُ أئمَّتِكُمُ الَّذينَ تُحِبّونَهُم ويُحِبّونَكُم، وتُصَلّونَ عَلَيهِم ويُصَلّونَ عَلَيكُم، وشِرارُ أئمَّتِكُم الَّذينَ تُبغِضونَهُم ويُبغِضونكُم وتَلعَنونَهُم ويَلعَنونَكُم\". قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أفَلا نُنابِذُهُم (^٢) عِندَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"لا، ما أقاموا فيكُم الصَّلاةَ، إِلَّا مَن ولِيَ عَلَيه والٍ فرآه يأْتِي شَيئًا مِن مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ؛ فليَكرَه ما يأتِي مِن مَعصيَةِ اللَّه، ولا تَنتَزِعَنَّ يَدًا مِن طاعَة\". قال ابنُ جابِرٍ: فقُلتُ لِرُزَيقٍ حينَ حَدَّثَنِي بهَذا الحَديثِ: اللهِ يا أبا المِقدامِ لَحَدَّثَكَ بهَذا. أو: لَسَمِعتَ هذا مِن مُسلِمِ بنِ قَرَظَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ (^٣)؟ قال: فجَثا على رُكبَتَيه واستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ، وقالَ: إيْ واللَّهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو لَسَمِعتُه مِن مُسلِمِ بنِ قَرَظَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"زريق\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) ننابذهم: نقاتلهم. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٧.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٨١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد به. وابن حبان (٤٥٨٩) من طريق مسلم بن قرظة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٥٥/ ٦٦).","vol":"16","page":564},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ قال: ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن أبيه قال: سألَ يَزيدُ بن سلمةَ الجُعفِيُّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إن قامَت عَلَينا أُمَراءُ يَسألونَنا حَقَّهُم ويَمْنَعُونَنا حَقَّنا، فما تأْمُرُنا؟ قال: فأعرَضَ عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ سألَه فأعرَضَ عنه، ثُمَّ سألَه فقالَ: \"اسمَعوا وأطيعوا؛ فإِنَّما عَلَيهِم ما حُمِّلوا وعَلَيكُم ما حُمِّلتُم\" (^١).\n\n١٦٧٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: سَلَمَةُ بن يَزيدَ الجُعفِيُّ. وقالَ: ثُمَّ سألَه في الثّانيَةِ أو في الثّالِثَة، فجَذَبَه الأشعَثُ بن قَيسٍ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ يَعنِي السُّلَمِيَّ، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ يَعنِي ابنَ العَلاء، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن سالِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ الوَليد، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ فضالَةَ، أن حَبيبَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ حَدَّثَهُم أن المِقدامَ حَدَّثَهُم أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢١٩٩)، من طريق شعبة به. وقال: حسن صحيح، ولم يسم السائل.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٣، وأبو عوانة (٧١٥٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٤٦/ ٤٩).","vol":"16","page":565},{"text":"قال: \"أطيعوا أُمَراءَكُم ما كان، فإِن أمَروكُم بما حَدَّثتُكُم به؛ فإِنَّهُم يُؤجَرونَ عَلَيه وتُؤجَرونَ بطاعَتِكُم، وإِن أمَروكُم بشَئٍ مِمّا لَم آمُرْكُم به فهو عَلَيهِم، وأنتُم مِنه بَرآءُ؛ ذَلِكَ بِأنَّكُم (^١) إذا لَقِيتُمُ اللَّهَ قُلتُم: رَبَّنا لا ظُلمَ. فيقولُ: لا ظُلمَ. فتَقولونَ: رَبَّنا أرسَلتَ إلَينا رُسُلًا فَأَطَعْنَاهُم بإِذنِكَ، واستَخلَفتَ عَلَينا خُلَفاءَ فأطَعناهُم بإِذنِكَ، وأمَّرتَ عَلَينا أُمَراءَ (^٢) فأطَعْناهُم. قال: فيقولُ: صَدَقتُم، هو عَلَيهِم، وأنتُم مِنه بُرآءُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَة قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ، عن أُسَيدِ بنِ حُضَيرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، استَعمَلتَ فُلانًا ولَم تَستَعمِلْنِي. فقالَ: \"إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ بَعدِي أثَرَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِي على الحَوضِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ بشرِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"بأنهم\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"رسلا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٧٨ (٦٥٨) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وابن أبي عاصم في السنة (١٠٤٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سالم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٢٠: وفيه إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن زبريق وثقه أبو حاتم، وضعفه النسائي، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والترمذي (٢١٨٩)، والنسائي (٥٣٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٧٩٢)، ومسلم (١٨٤٥/ ٤٨).","vol":"16","page":566},{"text":"١٦٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الأعلَى، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: قال لِي عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا أبا أُمَيَّةَ، لَعَلَّكَ أن تُخَلَّفَ بَعدِي، فأطِعِ الإمامَ، وإِن كان عبدًا حَبَشيًّا، إن ضرَبَكَ فاصبِرْ، وإِن أمَرَكَ بأمرٍ فاصبِرْ، وإِن حَرَمَكَ فاصبِرْ، وإِن ظَلَمَكَ فاصبِرْ، وإِن أمَرَكَ بأمرٍ يَنقُصُ (^١) دينَكَ فقُل: سَمعٌ وطاعَةٌ، دَمِي دونَ دينِي.\n\n١٦٧٠٧ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الأعلَى. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، زادَ في آخِرِه: ولا تُفارِقِ الجَماعَةَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه مَنصورًا (^٢)، وهَذا أصَحُّ، وذِكرُ مَنصورٍ فيه وهْمٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٧٠٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سابِطٍ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ ومُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ بَدأ هذا الأمرَ نُبوَّةً ورَحمَةً،\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"ينقض\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شبة (٣٤٢٧٥)، والخلال في السنة (٥٤) من طريق سفيان به. وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن عبد الأعلى به.","vol":"16","page":567},{"text":"وكائنًا خِلافَةً ورَحمَةً، وكائنًا مُلكًا عَضوضًا، وكائنًا عُتوَّةً وجَبَريَّةً وفَسادًا في الأُمَّةِ؛ يَستَحِلّونَ الفُروجَ والخُمورَ والحَرير، ويُنصَرونَ على ذَلِكَ ويُرزَقونَ أبَدًا حَتَّى يَلقَوُا اللهَ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3570>بابُ إثمِ الغادِرِ لِلبَرِّ والفاجِرِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ بن مسلمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَخرُ بن جوَيريَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ جَمَعَ بَنِيه (^٢) حينَ انتَزَى (^٣) أهلُ المَدينَةِ مَعَ عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ - ﵁ -، وخَلَعوا يَزيدَ بنَ مُعاويَةَ، فقالَ: إنّا بايَعْنا هذا الرَّجُلَ على بَيعَةِ اللهِ ورسولِه، وإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ الغادِرَ يُنصَبُ له لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ فيُقالُ: هذه غَدرَةُ فُلانٍ\". وإِنَّ مِن أعظَمِ الغَدرِ بعدَ الإِشراكِ باللهِ أن يُبايِعَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا على بَيعِ اللهِ ورسولِه ثُمَّ يَنكُثَ بَيعَتَه، ولا يَخلَعَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم يَزيدَ، ولا يُشْرِفَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم في هذا الأمرِ فيَكونَ صَيْلَمًا (^٤) بَيني وبَينَه (^٥). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٤٠، والطيالسى (٢٢٥). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٨٧٣) من طريق جرير به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ١٨٩: وفيه ليث بن أبي سليم، وهو ثقة ولكنه مدلس، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) في م: \"أهل بيته\".\n(^٣) انتزى: تَسَرَّع. النهاية ٥/ ٤٤.\n(^٤) الصيلم؛ القطيعة. فتح الباري ١٣/ ٧١.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٥٠٨٨، ٥٧٠٩)، والترمذي (١٥٨١) من طريق صخر بن جويرية به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٣٧) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"16","page":568},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمَنِ عن عَفَّانَ مُختَصَرًا دونَ قِصَّةِ يَزيدَ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن مُعاويَةَ بَعَثَ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - مِائَةَ ألفِ دِرهَمٍ، فلَمّا دَعا مُعاويَةُ إلَى بَيعَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ قال: أتَرَونَ هذا أرادَ أنَّ دينِي إِذَنْ عِندِي لَرَخيصٌ؟ زادَ فيه غَيرُه: فلَمَّا ماتَ مُعاويَةُ واجتَمَعَ النّاسُ على يَزيدَ بايَعَه (^٣).\n\n١٦٧١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِيُّ سُلَيمانُ بن داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ قال: لَمّا خَلَعَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ يَزيدَ بنَ مُعاويَةَ جَمَعَ ابنُ عُمَرَ حَشَمَه ومَوالِيَه - وفِي رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: حَشَمَه ووَلَدَه - وقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يُنصَبُ لِكُلِّ غادِرٍ لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". زادَ الزَّهرانِيُّ في رِوايَتِه قال: وإِنّا قَد بايَعْنا هذا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٣٥/ عقب ٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٨٨، ٧١١١)، ومسلم (١٧٣٥/ عقب ٩).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٩٢. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٤/ ١٨٢ من طريق حماد به.","vol":"16","page":569},{"text":"الرَّجُلَ على بَيعَةِ اللهِ ورسولِه، وإِنِّي لا أعلمُ غَدرًا أعظَمَ مِن أن تُبايِعَ رَجُلًا على بَيعَةِ اللهِ ورسولِه ثُمَّ تَنصِبِ له القِتالَ، إنِّي لا أعلمُ أحَدًا مِنكُم خَلَعَ ولا بايَعَ في هذا الأمرِ إلَّا كانَتِ الفَيصَلَ فيما بَينى وبَينَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِم عن أبي الرَّبيعِ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٦٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبد الله، وعن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ - بإِسنادَينِ في مَوضعَينِ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لِكُلِّ غادِرٍ لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". قال: أحَدُهُما: \"يُنصَبُ\". وقالَ الآخَرُ: \"يُرَى يَومَ القيامَةِ يُعرَفُ به\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ هَكَذا، وأخرَجَه مُسلِم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عبد الوارِث،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٥٠٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٥٩١٥) من طريق حماد به، دون ذكر قصة يزيد.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٨٨، ٧١١١)، ومسلم (١٧٣٥/ عقب ٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٣٤١) عن أبي خليفة به بنحوه. وابن ماجة (٢٨٧٢) من طريق أبي الوليد به بنحوه. وأحمد (٣٩٠٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٣٨) من طريق شبة به بنحوه، جميعهم من حديث عبد الله بن مسعود. وسيأتي في (١٨٤٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٤٣) عن أبي الوليد به من حديث أنس.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٨٦، ٣١٨٧)، ومسلم (١٧٣٦/ ١٢، ١٧٣٧/ ١٤).","vol":"16","page":570},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا المُستَمِرُّ بن الرَّيّان، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لِكُلِّ غادِرٍ لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ يُرفَعُ له بقَدْرِ غَدرَتِه، ألَا ولا غادِرَ أعظَمُ غَدْرًا مِن أميرِ عامَّةٍ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِد، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صالِحٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يَنظُرُ اللهُ إلَيهِم يَومَ القيامَةِ ولا يُزَكّيهِم ولَهُم عَذابٌ أليمٌ؛ رَجُلٌ كان له فضلُ ماءٍ في الطَّريقِ فمَنَعَه مِنَ ابنِ السَّبيل، ورَجُلٌ بايَعَ إمامًا لا يُبايِعُه إِلَّا لِلدُّنيا؛ فإِن أعطاه مِنها رَضِيَ وإن لَم يُعطِه مِنها سَخِطَ، ورَجُلٌ أقامَ سِلعَةً بعدَ العَصرِ فقالَ: اللهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إِلَّا هو لَقَد أُعطِيتُ بها كَذا وكَذا، فصَدَّقَه الرَّجُلُ واشتَراها مِنه\". ثُمَّ قرأ هذه الآيَةَ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^٣) [آل عمران: ٧٧]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤)، وأخرَجاه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (١٢١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣٠٣)، والترمذي (٢١٩١) مطولًا، وابن ماجة (٢٨٧٣) من طريق أبي نضرة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣٨/ ١٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٨٩٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٣٥٨).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٧٢، ٧٢١٢)، ومسلم (١٠٨).","vol":"16","page":571},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3571>بابُ ما على السُّلطانِ مِنَ القيامِ فيما وَلِيَ بالقِسطِ والنُّصحِ لِلرَّعيَّةِ والرَّحمَةِ بهِم (^١) والشَّفَقَةِ عَلَيهِم والعَفوِ عَنهُم ما لَم يَكُنْ حَدًّا</span>\n\n١٦٧١٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا كُلُّكُم راع، وكُلُّكُم مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه؛ فالأميرُ راعٍ على النّاسِ وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، والرَّجُلُ راعٍ على أهلِ بَيته وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، وامرأةُ الرَّجُلِ راعيَةٌ على بَيتِ بَعلِها ووَلَدِه وهِيَ مَسئولَةٌ عن بَعلِها ورَعيَّتِها، والعَبدُ راعٍ على مالِ سَيِّدِه وهو مَسئولٌ عن رَعيَّتِه، أَلا وكُلُّكُم راعٍ وكُلُّكُم مَسئولْ عن رَعيَّتِه\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِه عن نافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبد اللهِ الدَّقَّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ (ح وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المَليح، أن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"لهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٠٥) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٤٤٩٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٨٩) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٢٩/ ٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥٥٤)، ومسلم (١٨٢٩/ ...). وعند البخاري (٥٢٠٠) من حديث محمد الله بن عمر.","vol":"16","page":572},{"text":"عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ زيادٍ دَخَلَ على مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ وهو شاكٍ، فقالَ: لَولا أنِّي في المَوتِ ما حَدَّثتُكَ، قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن أميرٍ استُرعِيَ رَعيَّةً لَم يَحتَطْ لَهُم، ولَم يَنصَحْ لَهُم إِلَّا لَم يَدخُلْ مَعَهُمُ الجَنَّةَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧١٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأشهَبِ جَعفَرُ بن حَيّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ المُزَنِيِّ (^٣) قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن رَجُلٍ يُستَرعَى رَعيَّةً يَموتُ حينَ يَموتُ وهو غاشٌّ لِرَعيَّتِه إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن أبي الأشهَب، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرُّوخَ عن أبي الأشهَبِ (^٥).\n\n١٦٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن النَّضرِ بنِ عبد الوَهّابِ وعِمرانُ بن موسَى قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٢١ من طريق محمد الرَّحمن بن محمد بن منصور به. وأبو عوانة (٧٠٤٣)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٢٥ (٥٢٤) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢/ ١٤٢).\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"الأشجعي\". وضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب في حاشيتها: \"صوابه المزنى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٩٥) من طريق أبي الأشهب به. وأحمد (٢٠٢٩١) من طريق الحسن بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧١٥٠)، ومسلم (١٤٢/ ٢٢٧).","vol":"16","page":573},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ بن فرَّوخَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ أن عائذَ بنَ عمرٍو، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، دَخَلَ على عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ فقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إِنَّ شَرَّ الرِّعاءِ الحُطَمَةُ (^١) \". فإيَّاكَ أن تَكُونَ مِنهُم. فقالَ له: اجلِسْ. فإِنَّما أنتَ مِن نُخالَةِ (^٢) أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: وهَل كانَت لَهُم نُخالَةٌ؟! إنَّما كانَتِ النُّخالَةُ بَعدَهُم وفي غَيرِهِم (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شيبان بنِ فرّوخ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي بنَيسابورَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد الله، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن أبي حازِمٍ الأشجَعِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلَاثَةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ ولا يُزَكِّيهِم؛ شَيخٌ زانٍ، ومَلِكٌ كَذّابٌ، وعائلٌ مُستَكبِرٌ\" (^٥).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحطمة: هو الحنيف برعاية الإبل في السَّوْق والإيراد والإصدار. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٢) يعني: لست من فضلائهم وعلمائهم وأهل المراتب فهم، بل من سقطهم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥١١) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٣٧) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٣٠/ ٢٣).\n(^٥) المصنّف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٢٧) عن وكيع به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٣٨) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٠٧/ ١٧٢).","vol":"16","page":574},{"text":"١٦٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن أبي ظَبيانَ وزيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبد الله، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لا يَرحَمِ النّاسَ لا يَرحَمْه اللهُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ مَولَى المُغيرَةِ سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُنزَعُ الرَّحمَةُ إِلَّا مِن شَقِيٍّ\". ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا العَوَّامُ بن حَوشَبٍ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُوصِي الخَليفَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٧٠) عن أبي معاوية، وفي (١٩١٧٢) عن محمد بن عبيد، وابن حبان (٤٦٥) من طريق شعبة، كلهم عن الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان به. وأحمد (١٩١٦٩) من طريق الأعمش عن زيد بن وهب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٧٦)، ومسلم (٢٣١٩/ ٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٠١)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٢)، والترمذي (١٩٢٣) من طريق شعبة به. وابن حبان (٤٦٦) من طريق منصور به. وقال الترمذي: حسن. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٤: إسناده صالح ولم يخرجوه.","vol":"16","page":575},{"text":"مِن بَعدِي بتَقَوَى الله، وأُوصيه بجَماعَةِ المُسلِمينَ أن يُعَظِّمَ كَبيرَهُم، ويَرحَمَ صَغيرَهُم، ويوَقِّرَ عالِمَهُم، وألَّا يُضِرَّ بهِم فيُذِلَّهم، ولا يُوحِشَهُم فيُكفِرَهُم، وألَّا يَخصيَهُم فيَقطَعَ نَسلَهُم، وألَّا يُغلِقَ بابَه دونَهُم فيأْكُلَ قَويُّهُم ضَعيفَهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٦٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ المُبارَكُ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ السَّرح، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي أيُّوبَ، عن أبي مَرحومٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، في أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن كَظَمَ غَيظًا وهو قادِرٌ على أنَّ يُنفِذَه؛ دَعاه اللهُ على رُءوسِ الخَلائقِ يَومَ القيامَةِ حَتَّى يُخَيِّرَه مِن أيِّ الحورِ شاءَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ قُرْقُوبٍ التَّمَّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٢٢. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٥: وهذا لَمْ يخرجوه.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٨٣٠٣)، وأبو داود (٤٧٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٣٧)، والترمذي (٢٠٢١) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به. وابن ماجة (٤١٨٦) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٥: أبو مرحوم عبد الرحيم ليس بذاك.","vol":"16","page":576},{"text":"أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ قال: قَدِمَ عُيَينَةُ بن حِصْنِ بنِ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ بَدرٍ، فنَزَلَ على ابنِ أخيه الحُرِّ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ حِصن، وكانَ مِنَ النَّفَرِ الَّذينَ يُدنيهِم عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وكانَ القُرّاءُ أصحابَ مَجالِسِ عُمَرَ ومُشاوَرَتِه كُهولًا كانوا أو شُبّانًا. قال عُيَينَةُ لِابنِ أخيه: يا ابنَ أخِي، هَل لَكَ وجهٌ عِندَ هذا الأميرِ فتَستأْذِنَ لِي عَلَيه؟ فقالَ: سأستأْذِنُ لَكَ عَلَيه. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فاستأْذَنَ الحُرُّ لِعُيَينَةَ، فأذِنَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيه قال: هِيْ (^١) يا ابنَ الخطاب، ما تُعطينا الجَزلَ ولا تَحكُمُ بَينَنا بالعَدلِ! فغَضِبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حَتَّى هَمَّ أن يُوقِعَ به، فقالَ له الحُرُّ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ اللهَ سُبحانَه قال لِنَبيِّه - ﷺ -: ﴿خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٩٩] وإِنَّ هذا مِنَ الجِاهِلينَ. قال: فواللهِ ما جاوَزَها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حينَ تَلاها عَلَيه، وكانَ وقّافًا عِندَ كِتابِ اللهِ. واللَّفظُ لِلحاكِمِ أبي عبد اللهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينَا في كِتابِ الزَّكَاةِ عن أبي هريرةَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما نَقَصَت صَدَقَةٌ مِن مالٍ، وما زادَ اللهُ بعَفوٍ إلَّا عِزًّا، وما تَواضَعَ أَحَدٌ للهِ إِلَّا رَفَعَه\" (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن عائشَةَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أَقِيلُوا ذَوِي الهَيئاتِ عَثَراتِهِم ما لم\n_________\n(^١) هِيْ: بكسر ثم سكون؛ والذى يقتضيه السياق أنه أراد بهذه الكلمة الزجر وطلب الكف لا الازدياد. ينظر فتح الباري ١٣/ ٢٥٨، ٢٥٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٦٣٩ (٨٦٨٥) من طريق أبي اليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦٤٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٨٩٣).","vol":"16","page":577},{"text":"يَكُنْ حَدًّا\". وهو في كِتابِ الحُدودِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3572>بابُ فضلِ الإمامِ العادِلِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن بَشّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن المُثَنَّى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى (^٢) - يَعنيانِ ابنَ سعيدٍ - عن عُبَيدِ الله، حَدَّثَنِي خُبَيبُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"سَبعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللهُ في ظِلِّه يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلَّه؛ الإمامُ العَدْلُ (^٣)، ورَجُلٌ نَشأ بعِبادَةِ الله، ورَجُلٌ قَلبه مُعَلَّقٌ في المَساجِد، ورَجُلانِ تَحابَّا في اللهِ اجتَمَعا عَلَيه وتَفَرَّقا عَلَيه، ورَجُلٌ طَلَبته امرأة ذاتُ مَنصِبٍ وجَمالٍ فقالَ: إنِّي أخافُ اللهَ. ورَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقَ بصَدَقَةٍ فأخفاها (^٤) لا تَعلَمُ يَمينُه ما يُنفِقُ بشِمالِه، ورَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللهَ خاليًا ففاضَت عَيناه\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصَحيح\" عن بُندارٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٦)، وسائرُ الرّواةِ عن يَحيَى القطَّانِ قالوا فيه: \"لا تَعلَمُ شِمالُه ما تُنفِقُ يَمينُه\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٧٣١٢، ١٧٦٩٠، ١٧٦٩١).\n(^٢) سقط من الأصل، وفي ص ٨: \"قيل\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: سقط يحيى قبل يعنيان ابن\".\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م: \"العادل\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"حتى\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٥٠٥٢، ٧٩١٢).\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٦٠) وفيه: \"لا تعلم شماله\". وفي (٦٤٧٩) مختصرًا، ومسلم (١٠٣١/ ٩١). وتقدم عقب (٧٩١٢).\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٩١٣).","vol":"16","page":578},{"text":"١٦٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حَدَّثَنَا عاصمُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدٌ الطّائيُّ، أخبرَني أبو مُدَلَّةَ (^١) أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلَاثَةٌ لا تُرَدُّ دَعوَتُهُمُ؛ الإمامُ العادِلُ، والصّائمُ حَتى يُفطِرَ، ودَعوَةُ المَظلومِ تُحمَلُ على الغَمامِ، وتُفتَحُ لها أبوابُ السَّمَوات، ويَقولُ لها الرَّبُّ: وعِزَّتِي لأَنصُرَنَّكِ ولَو بعدَ حينٍ\" (^٢). وتَمامُ هذا البابِ وما قَبلَه في كِتابِ السِّيَر، ثُمَّ في كِتابِ أدَبِ القاضي.\n\n١٦٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عَفّانُ بن جُبَيرٍ الطائيُّ، عن رَجُلٍ قَد سَمّاه لِي، عن عِكرِمَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدٌ أبو غَيلانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَقانُ بن جُبَيرٍ الطّائيُّ، عن أبي جَريرٍ أو حَريزٍ الأزدِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَومٌ مِن إمامٍ عَدْلٍ (^٣) أفضَلُ مِن عِبادَةِ سِتِّينَ سنةً، وحَدٌّ يُقامُ في الأرضِ بحَقِّه أزكَى فيها مِن مَطَرِ أربَعينَ يَومًا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كتب عليها في الأصل: \"صح\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٤٦٤). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٦: رواه جماعة عن سعد وهو ثقة.\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م: \"عادل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٧٦٥) من طريق جعفر بن عون به. وفي المعجم الكبير (١١٩٣٢) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٧: عفان ما ضعفه أحد، انفرد بهذا.","vol":"16","page":579},{"text":"١٦٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بن عبدِ اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بن صَبيحٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا مَرَرتَ ببَلدَةٍ لَيسَ فيها سُلطانٌ فلا تَدخُلْها، إنَّما السُّلطانُ ظِلُّ اللهِ (^١) ورُمحُه في الأرضِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ - عِندَ مَوتِه: اعلَموا أن النّاسَ لَن يَزالوا بخَيرٍ ما استَقامَت لَهُم وُلاتُهُم وهُداتُهُم (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أيُّوبُ بن سوَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بن عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن خالِه الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُرّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ مُخَيمِرَةَ قال: إنَّما زَمانُكُم سُلطانُكُم؛ فإِذا صَلَحَ سُلطانُكُم صَلَحَ زَمانُكُم، وإِذا فسَدَ سُلطانُكُم فسَدَ زَمانُكُم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"في الأرض\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٣٧٥). وأخرجه الخطابى في غريب الحديث ١/ ٧٠٧ عن الصفار به. وجاء فيهما: الربيع بن صبيح عن الحسن عن أنس.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٤٤١). وأخرجه أبو نعيم الأصبهانى في فضيلة العادلين (٣٧) من طريق أبي نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٤٤٢). وأخرجه أبو عمرو الدانى في السنن الواردة في الفتن (٢٩٨) من طريق الأوزاعي عن القاسم بن مخيمرة.","vol":"16","page":580},{"text":"١٦٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو ضَمرَةَ أنَسُ بن عياضٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حازِمٍ يقولُ: لا يَزالُ النّاسُ بخَيرٍ ما لَم تَقَعْ هذه الأهواءُ في السُّلطان، هُمُ الَّذينَ يَدُبّونَ عن النّاس، فإِذا وقَعَت فيهِم فمَن يَذُبُّ عَنهُم؟ (^١).\n\n١٦٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي عامِرُ بن واثِلَةَ اللَّيثِيُّ قال: قَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ تَيماءَ على عبد المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ، وهو رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الكِتاب، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ ابنَ هُرمُزَ ظَلَمَنِي واعتَدَى علَيَّ. فلَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيه عبدُ المَلِكِ شَيئًا، ثُمَّ عادَ له في الشِّكايَةِ لابنِ هُرمُزَ، فلَم يَرجِعْ إلَيه عبدُ المَلِكِ شَيئًا، فقالَ وغَضبَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنّا نَجِدُ في التَّوراةِ التي أنزَلَها اللهُ ﷿ على موسَى بنِ عِمرانَ - ﷺ - أنَّه لَيسَ على الإمامِ مِن جَورِ العامِلِ وظُلمِه شَئٌ ما لَم يَبلُغْه ذَلِكَ مِن ظُلمِه وجَورِه، فإِذا بَلَغَه فأقَرَّه شَرِكَه في جَورِه وظُلمِه، فلَمّا ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ نَزَعَ ابنَ هُرمُزَ عن عَمَلِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عمرو الداني في السنن الواردة في الفتن (٢٨٦)، والمصنف في الشعب (٧٤٣٩) من طريق أنس بن عياض بنحوه.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٥٩، وفيه: جور العالم. بدلًا من: جور العامل.","vol":"16","page":581},{"text":"ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: أرأيتُم إنِ استَعمَلتُ عَلَيكُم خَيرَ مَن أعلمُ، ثُمَّ أمَرتُه بالعَدلِ، أقَضيتُ ما علَيَّ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: لا، حَتَّى أنظُرَ في عَمَلِه أعَمِلَ بما أمَرتُه أم (^١) لا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3573>بابُ النَّصيحَةِ للهِ ولِكتابِه ورسولِه ولأَئمَّةِ المُسلِميَن وعامَّتِهِم، وما على الرَّعيَّةِ مِن إكرامِ السُّلطانِ المُقسِطِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميد، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إِنَّ اللهَ يَرضَى لَكُم ثَلاثًا، ويَكرَهُ لَكُم ثَلاثًا؛ رَضِيَ لَكُم أن تَعبُدوه ولا تُشرِكوا به شَيئًا، وأن تَعتَصِموا بحَبلِ اللهِ جَميعًا ولا تَفَرَّقوا، وأن تُناصِحوا مَن ولَّى اللهُ أمرَكُم، ويَكرَهُ كُم قِيلَ وقالَ، وكَثرَةَ السُّؤال، وإِضاعَةَ المالِ\". قال عَطاءُ بن يَزيدَ اللَّيثيُّ: سَمِعتُ تَميمًا الدَّارِيَّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الدِّينَ النَّصيحَةُ\". ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ لِمَن؟ قال: \"للهِ ولِكِتابِه ولأِئمَّةِ المُسلِمينَ. أو قال: لأئمَّةِ المُسلِمينَ وعامَّتِهِم\" (^٣). أخرَجَ مُسلِمٌ الحديثَ الأَوَّلَ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَرب وغَيرِه عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، م: \"أو\". وفي حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٣٩٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٦٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٧٥٠) من طريق جرير بالإسنادين جميعًا بنحوه. وأحمد (٨٣٣٤)، وابن حبان (٣٣٨٨) من طريق سهل بالإسناد الأول بنحوه. وينظر الحديث التالى.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧١٥/ ١٠) عن زهير، وفي ٣/ ١٣٤٠ (٥٩٣) عن إسحاق عن جرير.","vol":"16","page":582},{"text":"١٦٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَر سفيانُ عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيّ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما الدِّينُ النَّصيحَةُ، إنَّما الدّينُ النَّصيحَةُ، إنَّما الدّينُ النَّصيحَةُ\". فقيلَ: لِمَن يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"للهِ ولِكِتابِه ورسولِه (١) ولأئِمَّةِ المُؤمِنينَ وعامَّتِهِم\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ الصَّوّافُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن حُمرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوفُ بن أبي جَميلَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ مِخراقٍ، عن أبي كِنانَةَ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ مِن إجلالِ اللهِ ﷿ إكرامَ ذِي الشَّيبَةِ المُسلِم، وحامِلِ القُرآنِ غَيرِ الغالِي فيه ولا الجافِي عنه، وإكرامَ ذِي السُّلطانِ المُقسِطِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(أبي) في م: \"ولرسوله\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٢٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٤٠)، والنسائي (٤٢٠٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٤٩٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٧٤) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٥/ ٩٦).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الآداب ص ٥٦ (٥١)، وأبو داود (٤٨٤٣). وأخرجه البزار (٣٠٧٠) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به، وليس فيه موضع الشاهد. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٥٣).","vol":"16","page":583},{"text":"ورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن عوفٍ فوَقَفَه (^١).\n\n١٦٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن صالِحٍ الشيرازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ بن مِهرانَ الكِندِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدُ بن أوسٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ كُسَيبٍ العَدَوِيِّ قال: كان عبدُ اللهِ بن عامِرٍ يَخطُبُ النّاسَ عَلَيه ثيابٌ رِقاقٌ مُرَجِّلٌ شَعَرَه. قال: فصَلَّى يَومًا ثُمَّ دَخَلَ. قال: وأبو بكرَةَ جالِسٌ إلَى جَنبِ المِنبَر، فقالَ مِرداسٌ أبو بلالٍ: ألا تَرَونَ إلَى أميرِ النّاسِ وسَيِّدِهِم يَلبَسُ الرِّقاقَ، ويَتَشَبَّهُ بالفُسَّاقِ؟ فسَمِعَه أبو بكرَةَ فقالَ لإِبنِه الأُصَيْلِعِ: ادعُ لِي أبا بلالٍ. فدَعاه له، فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ: أَمَا إنِّي قَد سَمِعتُ مَقالَتَكَ لِلأميرِ آنِفًا، وقَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أكرَمَ سُلطانَ اللهِ أكرَمَه اللهُ، ومَن أهانَ سُلطانَ اللهِ أهانَه اللهُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ العَلاءِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ العَلاءِ بنِ زِبْرِيقٍ الحِمصِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن\n_________\n(^١) ابن المبارك في الزهد (٣٨٨)، ومن طريقه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٣٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٣٣)، والترمذي (٢٢٢٤) من طريق حميد بن مهران به مختصرًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.","vol":"16","page":584},{"text":"الحارِث، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيدِيِّ - وفِي رِوايَةِ الحُرفِيِّ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن سالِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ عامِرٍ وهو الزُّبَيدِيُّ - حَدَّثَنَا الفُضَيلُ بن فَضالَةَ يَرُدُّه إلَى ابنِ عائذٍ، يَرُدُّه ابنُ عائذٍ إلَى جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، أن عياضَ بنَ غَنمٍ الأشعَرِيَّ وقَعَ على صاحِبِ دَارَا حينَ فُتِحَت، فأتاه هِشامُ بن حَكيمٍ فأغلَظَ له القَولَ، ومَكَثَ هِشامٌ لَيالِيَ، فأتاه هِشامٌ يَعتَذِرُ إلَيه، وقالَ له: يا عياضُ، ألَم تَعلَمْ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ أشَدَّ النّاسِ عَذابًا يَومَ القيامَةِ أشَدُّ النَّاسِ عَذابًا لِلنّاسِ في الدُّنيا\"؟ فقالَ له عياضٌ: يا هِشامُ، إنّا قَد سَمِعنا الَّذِي سَمِعتَ، ورأينا الَّذِي رأيتَ، وصَحِبنا مَن صَحِبتَ، أوَلَم تَسمَعْ يا هِشامُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن كانَت عِندَه نَصيحَةٌ لِذِي سلطانٍ فلا يُكَلِّمْه بها عَلانيَةً، وليأْخُذْ بيَدِه فليَخلُ به، فإِن قَبِلَها قَبِلَها، وإلَّا كان قَد أدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيه والَّذِي له\"؟ وإِنَّكَ يا هِشامُ لأنتَ الجَرِيءُ أن تَجْتَرِئَ (^١) على سُلطانِ الله، فهَلَّا خَشِيتَ أن يَقتُلَكَ سُلطانُ اللهِ فتَكونَ قَتيلَ سُلطانِ اللهِ (^٢)؟ لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3574>بابُ ما يُكْرَهُ مِن ثَناءِ السُّلطانِ وإِذا خَرَجَ قال غَيَر ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٦٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن سابِقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِابنِ عُمَرَ: إنّا نَدخُلُ على سُلطانِنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يجترئ\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٩٠، وصححه، وقال الذهبي: ابن زريق واه. وأخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٣٦٧ (١٠٠٧)، وفي مسند الشاميين (١٨٧٤) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٦٩: هذا حديث منكر، وإسحاق رماه محمد بن عوف بالكذب.","vol":"16","page":585},{"text":"فنَقولُ ما نَتَكَلَّمُ بخِلافِه إذا خَرَجنا مِن عِندِهِم. قال: كُنَّا نَعُدُّ هذا نِفاقًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ عن عاصِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ مِن شَرِّ النّاسِ ذا الوَجهَينِ؛ يأتِي هَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ وهَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن الَّليثِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3575>بابُ ما على الرَّجُلِ مِن حِفظِ اللِّسانِ عِندَ السُّلطانِ وغَيِرهِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليُكرِمْ ضَيفَه، مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يُؤذِي جارَه، مَن (^٥) كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه حنبل بن إسحاق في جزئه (١) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٦٩)، وابن حبان (٥٧٥٤) من طريق اليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٧٩)، ومسلم (٢٥٢٦/ ٩٩).\n(^٥) في م: \"ومن\".","vol":"16","page":586},{"text":"فليَقُلْ خَيرًا أو لِيَصمُتْ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ العَبدَ لَيتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ ما يُتَبِّنُ (^٣) فيها يَزِلُّ بها في النَّارِ أبعَدَ ما بَينَ المَشرِقِ والمَغرِبِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ عن ابنِ أبي حازِمٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ [بن النُّعمانِ] (^٦)، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٩٥٣٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٤٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٢٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٥٤). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٥٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥١٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٣٨)، ومسلم (٤٧/ ٧٤).\n(^٣) كتب في حاشية الأصل: \"يتبَّن بالتشديد: من يدقق النظر من التبانة وهي ... والفطنة\". والتبانة: دقة النظر وشدة الفطنة. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ١٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٧٠٧، ٥٧٠٨) من طريق ابن الهاد به. والترمذي (٢٣١٤) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٧٧)، ومسلم (٢٩٨٨/ ٥٠).\n(^٦) في م: \"العمى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٥١٨.","vol":"16","page":587},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (ح) (^١) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^١)، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضر، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِي ابنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ العَبدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن رِضوانِ اللهِ لا يُلقِي لها بالًا يَرفَعُ اللهُ بها له دَرَجات، وَإِنَّ العَبدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن سَخَطِ اللهِ لا يُلقِي لها بالًا يَهوِي بها في جَهَنَّمَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُنيرٍ عن أبي النَّضرِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ عبدُ اللهِ بن الحُسَينِ القاضِي بمَرْوَ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ مَخلَدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عامِرٍ الضُّبَعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقَّاصٍ قال: كان رَجُلٌ بَطَّالٌ يَدخُلُ على الأُمَراءِ فيُضحِكُهُم. فقالَ له جَدِّي: ويحَكَ يا فُلانُ! لِمَ تَدخُلُ على هَؤُلاءِ فتُضحِكُهُم؛! فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزَنِيَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ العَبدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن رِضوانِ اللهِ ما يَظُنُّ أن تَبلُغَ ما بَلَغَت فيَرضَى اللهُ بها عنه إلَى يَومِ يَلقاه، وإِنَّ العَبدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِن سَخَطِ اللهِ ما يَظُنُّ أن تَبلُغَ ما بَلَغَت\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٩٥٥)، وفي الآداب ص ٢٣٧ (٤٠٥)، وأحمد (٨٤١١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٧٨).","vol":"16","page":588},{"text":"فيَسخَطُ اللهُ بها إلَى يَومِ يَلقاه\" (^١).\n\n١٦٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا موسَى بن عُقبَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ اللَّيثِيِّ أن بلالَ بنَ الحارِثِ المُزَنِيَّ قال له: إنِّي رأيتُكَ تَدخُلُ على هَؤُلاءِ الأُمَراءِ وتَغشاهُم؛ فانظُرْ ماذا تُحاضرُهُم به، فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِنَ الخَيرِ ما يَعلَمُ مَبلَغَها يَكتُبُ اللهُ بها رِضوانَه إلَى يَومِ يَلقاه، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيتَكَلَّمُ بالكَلِمَةِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ ما يَعلَمُ مَبلَغَها يَكتُبُ اللهُ عَلَيه لسَخَطَه إلَى يَومِ يَلقاه\". فكانَ عَلقَمَةُ يقولُ: رُبَّ حَديثٍ قَد حالَ بَينِي وبَينَه ما سَمِعتُ مِن بلالٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن مِهرُويَه الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ وعَمرُو بن تَميمٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الدِّينَوَرِيُّ والعباسُ بن الفَضلِ الأسفاطيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن عاصمٍ العَدَوِيّ، عن كَعبِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٤٤، ٤٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٥٢)، والترمذي (٢٣١٩)، وابن ماجة (٣٩٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٨٠، ٢٨١، ٢٨٧) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) ابن المبارك في الزهد (١٣٩٤)، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف (٢٠٢٨)، والطبراني (١١٣٦).","vol":"16","page":589},{"text":"عُجرَةَ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ سَبعَةٌ أو تِسعَةٌ وبَينَنا وسائدُ مِن أدَمٍ أَحمَرَ، قال: \"إنَّه سَيَكونُ بَعدِي أُمَراءُ، فمَن صَدَّقَهُم بكَذِبِهِم وأعانَهُم على ظُلمِهِم فلَيسَ مِنِّي ولَستُ مِنه، ولَن يَرِدَ علَيَّ الحَوضَ، ومَنْ لَم يُصَدِّقْهُم بكَذِبِهِم ولَم يُعِنْهُم على ظُلمِهِم فهو مِنِّي وأنا مِنه، وسَيَرِدُ علَيَّ الحَوضَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بن أبي عِمرانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عَيّاشٍ، عن (^٢) ابنِ عُجرَةَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه قال: خَرَجَ إلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ في المَسجِدِ أنا تاسِعُ تِسعَةٍ، فقالَ لَنا: \"أتَسمَعونَ؟ هَل تَسمَعونَ؟ \". ثلاثَ مِرارٍ \"إنَّها سَتَكونُ عَلَيكُم أئمَّةٌ، فمَن دَخَلَ عَلَيهِم فصَدَّقَهُم بكَذِبِهِم وأعانَهُم على ظُلمِهِم فلَستُ مِنه ولَيسَ مِنِّي، ولا يَرِدُ علَيَّ الحَوضَ يَومَ القيامَة، ومَن دَخَلَ عَلَيهِم ولَم يُصَدِّقْهُم بكَذِبِهِم ولَم يُعِنْهُم على ظُلمِهِم فهو مِنِّي وأنا مِنه، وسَيَرِدُ علَيَّ الحَوضَ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\nقال: وحَدَّثَني أيضًا، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لأَصحابِه: \"كَيفَ أنتُم إذا بَقِيتُم في حُثالَةٍ مِنَ النّاسِ مَرِجَت (^٤) أمانَتُهُم وعُهودُهُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٢٨٣) من طريق أبي نعيم (الملائى) به. وأحمد (١٨١٢٦)، والترمذي عقب (٢٢٥٩)، والنسائي (٤٢١٨)، وابن حبان (٢٨٢، ٢٨٥) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٨: \"كعب\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٩٣٩٧).\n(^٤) مرجت: أي فسدت واختلطت. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣١٤.","vol":"16","page":590},{"text":"وكانوا هَكَذا؟ \". ثُمَّ أدخَلَ أصابِعَه بَعضَها في بَعضٍ، فقالوا: فإِذا كان كَذَلِكَ كَيفَ نَفعَلُ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"خُذوا ما تَعرِفونَ ودَعوا ما تُنكِرونَ\". ثُمَّ خَصَّ بهَذا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ فيما بَينَه وبَينَه، فقالَ: ما تأْمُرُنِي به يا رسولَ اللهِ إذا كان ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"آمُرُكَ بتَقوَى الله، و(^١) عَلَيكَ بنَفسِكَ وإيّاكَ وعامَّةَ الأُمورِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِر، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: أتَيتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقُلتُ له: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَن، إنّا نَجلِسُ إلَى أئمَّتِنا هَؤُلاءِ فيَتَكَلَّمونَ بالكَلامِ نَحنُ نَعلَمُ أن الحَقَّ غَيرُه فنُصَدِّقُهُم، ويَقضونَ بالجَورِ فنُقَوّيهِم ونُحَسِّنُه لَهُم، فكَيفَ تَرَى في ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِي، كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَعُدُّ هذا النِّفاقَ، فلا أدرِي كَيفَ هو عِندَكُم (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٤٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٩٣٩٨)، وفيه: قضى بهذا. بدلًا من: خص بهذا. وأخرجه الرويانى (١١١٨) من طريق خالد بن أبي عمران به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٩٣٩٥)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٧. وأخرجه الفريابى في صفة النفاق (٦٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"16","page":591},{"text":"الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بن عليٍّ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن يَضمَنْ لِي ما بَينَ لَحْيَيه وما بَينَ رِجلَيه أَضمَنْ له الجَنَّةَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3576>بابُ ما على مَن رَفَعَ إلَى السُّلطانِ ما فيه ضَرَرٌ على مسلمٍ مِن غَيِر جِنايَةٍ</span>\n\n١٦٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرْجَسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمَّامٍ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ حُذَيفَةَ، فمَرَّ رَجُلٌ فقالوا: هذا يَرفَعُ الحديثَ إلَى السُّلطانِ. فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ قَتّاتٌ\". قال الأَعْمَشُ: والقَتَّاتُ النَّمَّامُ (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٤)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٢٣)، والترمذي (٢٤٠٨)، وابن حبان (٥٧٠١) من طريق عمر بن علي به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٧٤، ٦٨٠٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٢٤٧)، وأبو داود (٤٨٧١) من طريق الأعمش به ومختصرًا. وسيأتي في (٢١٢٠٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٥/ ١٧٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٠٥٦)، ومسلم (١٠٥/ ١٦٩).","vol":"16","page":592},{"text":"١٦٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سلِمةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن صَفوانَ بنِ عَسَّالٍ المُرادِيّ، أن رَجُلَينِ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ قال أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: اذهَبْ بنا إلَى هذا النَّبِيِّ. قال: لا يَسمَعَنَّ هذا فيَصيرَ له أربَعَةُ أعيُنٍ. فأتَياه فسألاه عن تِسعِ آياتٍ بَيِّناتٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُشرِكوا باللهِ شَيئًا، ولا تَقتُلوا، ولا تَسرِقوا، ولا تَزنوا، ولا تَسْحَرُوا، ولا تأْكُلوا الرِّبا، ولا تَقذِفوا المُحصَنَةَ، ولا تَفِرّوا مِنَ الزَّحف، ولا تَمشوا ببَرِيءٍ إلَى ذِي سُلطانٍ لِتَقتُلوه أو لِتُهلِكوه، وعَلَيكُم خاصَّةَ يهودَ ألَّا تَعدُوا في السَّبتِ\". فقَبَّلا يَدَيه ورِجلَيه وقالا: نَشهَدُ أنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ. فقالَ: \"ما يَمنَعُكُما مِنَ اتِّباعِي؟ \". فقالا: إنَّ داودَ دَعا أن لا يَزالَ في ذُرِّيَّتِه نَبِيٌّ، وَإِنَّا نَخشَى إن تَبِعْناكَ (^١) أن تَقتُلَنا اليَهودُ. قال أبو داودَ مَرَّةً: \"ولا تَقذِفوا المُحصَنَةَ. أو: لا تَفِرّوا مِنَ الزَّحفِ\". قال أبو داودَ: شَكَّ شُعبَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ التَّاجِرُ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الصّائغُ (^٣) ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبِيْدَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ قال: قال كَعبٌ: أعظَمُ النّاسِ خَطيئَةً يَومَ القيامَةِ الَّذِي\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"اتبعناك\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٢٦٠)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٣١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٩٦)، والترمذي (٢٧٣٣، ٣١٤٤)، والنسائي (٤٠٨٩) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في م: \"الصائع\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٥٩).","vol":"16","page":593},{"text":"يَسعَى بأخيه إلَى إمامِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3577>بابُ ما على السُّلطانِ مِن مَنعِ النَّاسِ عن النَّميمَةِ وتَركِ الأخذِ بقَولِ النَّمّامِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الكُدَيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَي، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي هاشِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن زائدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ألا لا يُبْلِّغْنِي أحَدٌ مِنكُم عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِي شَيئًا؛ فإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أن أخرُجَ إلَيكُم وأنا سَليمُ الصَّدرِ\". قال: فأتاه مالٌ فقَسَمَه. قال: فسَمِعتُ رَجُلَينِ يَقولانِ: إنَّ هذه القِسمَةَ التي قَسَمَها لا يُريدُ اللهَ بها ولا الدّارَ الآخِرَةَ. قال: ففَهِمتُ قَولَهُما، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّكَ كُنتَ قُلتَ: \"لا يُبَلِّغْنِي أحَدٌ عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِي شَيئًا؛ فإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أن أخرُجَ إلَيكُم وأنا سَليمُ الصَّدرِ\". وإِنِّي سَمِعتُ فُلانًا وفُلانًا يَقولانِ كَذا وكذا. قال: فاحمَرَّ وجهُه، وقالَ: \"دَعنا مِنكَ، فقَد أوذِيَ موسَى بأكثَرَ مِن هذا فصَبَرَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الكُدَيمِيِّ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الوَهْبِي قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُبَلِّغْنِي أحَدٌ عن أحَدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه هناد في الزهد (١٢١٩)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٦/ ٢٢ من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.","vol":"16","page":594},{"text":"مِن أصحابِي شَيئًا؛ فإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أن أخرُجَ إلَيكُم وأنا سَليمُ الصَّدرِ\". لَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه، وسَقَطَ مِن إسنادِه السُّدِّيُّ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا ابنُ أبي حُسَينٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنُ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَعرِفُ القَرَفَ (^٣) ولا يُصَدِّقُ أحَدًا على أحَدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ أُسْقُفًّا (^٥) مِن أهلِ نَجرانَ يُكَلِّمُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، احذَرْ قاتِلَ الثَّلاثَةِ. قالَ عُمَرُ: ويلَكَ! وما قاتِلُ الثَّلاثَةِ؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (١١١١٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٩٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى مختصرًا.\nوأحمد (٣٧٥٩)، وأبو داود (٤٨٦٠)، والترمذي (٣٨٩٦) من طريق إسرائيل دون ذكر \"السدى\".\nوقال الترمذي: غريب. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٧٣: والكديمى لا شئ.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في الشعب (١١١١٢).\n(^٣) القرف: التُّهَمة. النهاية ٤/ ٤٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (١١١١٣)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٤٤، وفيه: لا يقبل القذف. وأخرجه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٩٦٢) من طريق قبيصة به بنحوه مطولًا. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٥١٤) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه.\n(^٥) الأسقف: من علماء النصارى ورؤسائهم، وهو فوق القسيس ودون المطران. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٧٩.","vol":"16","page":595},{"text":"الرَّجُلُ يأْتِي الإمامَ بالكَذِب، فيَقتُلُ الإمامُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ بحَديثِ هذا الكَذَّاب، فيَكونُ قَد قَتَلَ نَفسَه وصاحِبَه وإِمامَه (^١).\n\n١٦٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النُّعمان، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، أن العباسَ قال لِابنِه عبد اللهِ - ﵄ -: إنِّي أرَى هذا الرَّجُلَ قَد أكرَمَكَ - يَعنِي عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - - وأدنَى مَجلِسَكَ، وألحَقَكَ بقَومٍ لَستَ مِثلَهُم، فاحفَظْ عَنِّي ثَلاثًا؛ لا يُجَرِّبَنَّ عَلَيكَ كَذِبًا، ولا تُفشِ عَلَيه سِرًّا، ولا تَغتابَنَّ عِندَه أحَدًا (^٢).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3578>بابُ ما في الشَّفاعَةِ والذَّبِّ عن عِرضِ أخيه المُسلِمِ مِنَ الأجرِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ أحمدُ بن الأزهَرِ إملاءً مِن أصلِ كِتابِه ومِن حِفظِه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدِ (^٤) بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن جَدِّه أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال:\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٦٤٥)، ومن طريقه الخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٢٢١).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥٣٣. وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائده على الفضائل (١٩١٩) من طريق مجالد به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٩١٩)، وأحمد في فضائل الصحابة (١٨٦٢) من طريق مجالد به بنحوه.\n(^٤) في م: \"يزيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٥٠.","vol":"16","page":596},{"text":"كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا جاءَه السَّائلُ قال: \"اشفَعوا فَلْتُؤجَروا ولِيقضِيَ (^١) اللهُ على لِسانِ نَبيِّه ما شاءَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن بُرَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبي، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن هِشامِ بنِ الغازِ، عن أبيه هِشامٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن كان وُصْلَةً لأَخيه المُسلِمِ إلَى ذِي سُلطانٍ لِمَنفَعَةِ برٍّ أو تَيسيرِ عَسيرٍ؛ أُعينَ على إجازَةِ الصِّراطِ يَومَ دَحْضِ الأقدامِ (^٤) \". قال العباسُ: ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ محمدَ بنَ عبد الوَهّابِ فحَدَّثَنِي به، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٥).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشَةَ مَرفوعًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"وليقض\"، وفي م: \"ويقضى\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٦١٢)، والآداب ص ٩٥ (١٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٦٧٢) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأحمد (١٩٧٠٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٣١)، والنسائي (٢٥٥٥) من طريق بريد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٠٢٨، ٧٤٧٦)، ومسلم (٢٦٢٧/ ١٤٥).\n(^٤) دحض الأقدام: أي زلقها. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ١٠٤.\nوالحديث عند المصنّف في الشعب (٧٦٤٩)، والآداب (١٢٧). وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٧٧ من طريق العباس بن الوليد به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٧٤: عبد الوهاب كذبه أبو حاتم.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الشعب عقب (٧٦٤٩)، والآداب عقب (١٢٧). وأخرجه ابن المقرئ في معجمه (١١٧٨) من طريق العباس به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٠).","vol":"16","page":597},{"text":"١٦٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُؤمِنُ مِرآةُ المُؤمِن، والمُؤمِنُ أخو المُؤمِن، مِن (^١) حَيثُ لَقِيَه يَكُفُّ عليه (^٢) ضَيعَتَه، ويَحوطُه مِن ورائهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمِ بنِ زَيدٍ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه سَمِعَ إسماعيلَ بنَ بَشيرٍ مَولَى بَنِي مَغالَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ وأبا طَلحَةَ بنَ سَهلٍ الأنصارِيَّينِ يَقولانِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما مِن أحَدٍ يَخذُلُ مُسلِمًا في مَوطِنٍ يُنتَقَصُ فيه مِن عِرضِه ويُنتَهَكُ فيه مِن حُرمَتِه، إِلَّا خَذَلَه اللهُ في مَوطِنٍ يُحِبُّ فيه نُصرَتَه، وما مِنِ امرِئٍ يَنصُرُ مُسلِمًا في مَوطِنٍ يُنتَقَصُ فيه مِن عِرضِه ويُنتَهَكُ فيه مِن حُرمَتِه، إِلَّا نَصَرَه اللهُ في مَوطِنٍ يُحِبُّ فيه نُصرَتَه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) إلى هنا انتهى الخرم في المخطوطة \"س\" والذى بدأ في (١٦٦٢٥).\n(^٢) في النسخ: \"عنه\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وحاشية م. وكذا في أكثر المصادر، وفي النهاية ٤/ ١٩٠: يكف عليه ضيعته: أي يجمع عليه معيشته ويضمها إليه.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٦٤٥)، والآداب (٩٠)، وابن وهب في الجامع (٢٣٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩١٨) عن الربيع به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٢٣٩)، والبزار (٨١٠٩)، والطبراني في مكارم الأخلاق (٩٢) من طريق كثير بن زيد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٩١٨).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٠٠. وأخرجه الطبراني (٤٧٣٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح (أبي صالح) به.\nوأبو داود (٤٨٨٤) من طريق الليث به. وينظر ما بعده. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٤٠).","vol":"16","page":598},{"text":"١٦٧٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بن القاسِمِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا لَيثُ بن سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^١).\n\n١٦٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَم، عن ابنِ أبي الدَّرداء، عن أبيه قال: نالَ رَجُلٌ مِن رَجُلٍ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرَدَّ عَلَيه رَجُلٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن رَدَّ عن عِرضِ أخيه كان له حِجابًا مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا مَرزوقٌ عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ عن أبي الدَّرداءِ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي وأبو يَحيَى النَّاقِدُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن كامِلٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَحيَى يَعنِي النّاقِدَ، قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيز، [عن حُمَيد] (^٤)، عن الحَسَن، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن نَصَرَ أخاه بظَهرِ الغَيبِ نَصَرَه اللهُ في الدُّنيا والآخِرَةَ\" (^٥). كَذا رَواه الدَّراوَردِيُّ عن حُمَيدٍ عن الحَسَنِ عن أنَسٍ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٦٣٢)، والآداب (١٢٢)، وابن المبارك في الزهد (٦٩٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٣٦٨).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٦٣٤). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٢٠٦) عن عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٤٣)، والترمذي (١٩٣١) من طريق مرزوق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٤) في س: \"بن جميل\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه الضياء في المختارة (١٨٦٠) من طريق أبي يحيى الناقد به. والطبراني في مكارم الأخلاق =","vol":"16","page":599},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَن، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ مَوقوفًا (^١).\nوقيلَ عنه بإِسنادِه مَرفوعًا (^٢). والمَوقوفُ أصَحُّ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3579>بابُ ما على السُّلطانِ مِن إكرامِ وُجوهِ النّاسِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٦٤ - حَدَّثَنَا كامِلُ بن أحمدَ المُستَملِي، أخبرَنا أبو (^٣) الحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَيَّنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الصَّبَّاح، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا أتاكُم كَريمُ قَومٍ فأكرِمُوه\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسُوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن مُقاتِلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُصَينُ بن عُمَرَ الأحمَسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: لَمَّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أتَيتُه فقالَ: \"يا جَريرُ، لأَيِّ شَئٍ جِئتَ؟ \". قال: جِئتُ لأُسلِمَ\n_________\n= (١٣٦) من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٣٥٤٣)، والمصنف في الشعب (٧٦٣٨) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٣٥٤٢)، والطبراني ١٨/ ١٥٤ (٣٣٧)، والمصنف في الشعب (٧٦٣٩) من طريق يونس به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ٢٦٧: رواه البزار بأسانيد وأحدها موقوف على عمران وأحد أسانيد المرفوع رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٣٧١٢) عن محمد بن الصباح به. وفي الزوائد: في إسناده سعيد بن مسلمة وهو ضعيف. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٧٥: سعيد واهٍ.","vol":"16","page":600},{"text":"على يَدَيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: فألقَى لِي (^١) كِساءَه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على أصحابِه وقالَ: \"إذا جاءَكُم كَريمُ قَومٍ فَأكَرِموه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: وكانَ لا يَرانِي بعدَ ذَلِكَ إلَّا تَبَسَّمَ في وجهِي (^٢).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ الشَّعبِيِّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ عبد المَلِكِ بنِ حَبيبٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ إلَى أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ - ﵄ -: إنَّه لَم يَزَلْ لِلنَّاسِ وُجوهٌ يَرفَعونَ حَوائجَ النّاس، فأكرِمْ وُجوهَ النّاس، فبِحَسْبِ المُسلِمِ الضَّعيفِ مِنَ العَدلِ أن يُنصَفَ في العَدلِ والقِسمَةِ (^٤).\n\nتم بحمد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ السادسَ عشرَ ويتلوه الجزءُ السابعَ عشرَ وأولُه: بابُ ما جاءَ في قتالِ أهلِ البغي والخوارجِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إلى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٢٥٣٢)، وقال: قال أبو زرعة: هذا حديث منكر. والطبراني (٢٢٦٦)، والقضاعي في مسند الشهاب (٧٦٢) من طريق محمد بن مقاتل به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٧٥: وحصين تالف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٩٧٧)، وعنه أبو داود في المراسيل (٥١١).\n(^٤) البغوي في الجعديات (١١٦٧)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي الدنيا في منازل الأشراف (٢١٠)، وعنه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٢٨٥. وأخرجه الخطيب في الجامع (٨٠٠) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٧٦: وهذا منقطع.","vol":"16","page":601},{"text":"بسم الله الرَّحمن الرَّحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3580>بابُ ما جاءَ في قتال أهل البَغي والخَوارِجِ</span>\n\n١٦٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ وأبو عَوانَةَ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، سَمِعَ عَرفَجَةَ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّها سَتَكونُ هَناتٌ وهَناتٌ (^١)، فمَن أرادَ أن يُفَرِّقَ أمرَ هذه الأُمَّةِ وهُم جَميعٌ، فاضرِبوا رأسَه بالسَّيفِ كائنًا مَن كان\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ وأبِي عَوانَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عارِمُ بن الفَضل، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُختارِ ورَجُلٌ سَمَّاه، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن عَرفَجَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَتَكونُ هَناتٌ وهَناتٌ، فمَن رأيتُموه يَمشِي إلَى أُمَّةِ محمدٍ فيفَرِّقُ جَماعَتَهُم فاقتُلوه\" (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ الشَّاعِرِ عن عارِمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) هنات وهنات: أمور تنكر. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٣٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤٧٦٢)، والنسائي (٤٠٣٤)، وابن حبان (٤٤٠٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٥٢/ ٥٩، ...).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٢٠٧). وأخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ١٤٣ (٣٥٨) من طريق عارم به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٣٢٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٥٢/ ...).","vol":"17","page":5},{"text":"١٦٧٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ بن موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن أبي يَعْفورٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَرفَجَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أتاكُم وأمرُكُم جَميعٌ (^١) على رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ، يُريدُ أن يَشُقَّ عَصاكُم أو يُفَرِّقَ جَماعَتَكُم فاقتُلوه\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الضَّريرُ بالرَّيّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الفَرَج، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبد رَبِّ الكَعبَة، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا مَعَه في ظِلِّ الكَعبَةِ وهو يُحَدِّثُ النّاسَ يقولُ: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا، فمِنّا مَن يَضرِبُ خِباءَه، ومِنّا مَن هو في جَشَرِه (^٤)، ومِنّا مَن يَنتَضِلُ (^٥)؛ إذ نادَى مُنادِي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"جمع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٥٥٦ من طريق عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وأبو عوانة (٧١٤٠) من طريق يونس بن أبي يعفور به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٥٢/ ٦٠).\n(^٤) الجَشَر: أن يخرج القوم دوابهم يرعونها، لا يرجعون إلى البيوت كلّ ليلة. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٥) ينتضل: من المناضلة، وهي المراماة بالنشاب. الفائق ٣/ ٤٣٩، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٢/ ٢٣٣.","vol":"17","page":6},{"text":"الصَّلاةَ جامِعَةً. قال: فانتَهَيتُ إلَيه وهو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ ويَقولُ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّه لَم يَكُنْ نَبِيٌّ قَبلِي إلّا كان حَقًّا عَلَيه أن يَدُلَّ أُمَّتَه على ما يَعلَمُه خَيرًا لَهُم، ويُنذِرَهُم (^١) ما يَعلَمُه شَرًّا لَهُم، أَلَا وإِنَّ عافيَةَ هذه الأُمَّةِ في أوَّلِها، وسَيُصيبُ آخِرَها بَلاءٌ وفِتَنٌ يُدَفِّقُ (^٢) بَعضُها بَعضًا، تَجِيءُ الفِتَنُ فيَقولُ المُؤمِنُ: هذه مُهلِكَتِي. ثُمَّ تَنكَشِفُ، ثُمَّ تَجِيءُ فيَقولُ: هذه هَذِه. ثُمَّ تَجِيءُ فيقولُ: هذه هَذِه. ثُمَّ تَنكَشِفُ، فمَن أحَبَّ أن يُزَحزَحَ عن النّارِ ويُدْخَلَ الجَنَّةَ فَلْتُدْرِكْه مَنيَّتُه وهو يؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِر، ويأْتِي إلَى النّاسِ ما يُحِبُّ أن يُؤتَى إلَيه، ومَن بايَعَ إمامًا فأعطاه صَفقَةَ يَدِه وثَمَرَةَ قَلبِه فَلْيُطِعْه إنِ استَطاعَ - وقالَ مَرَّةً: ما استَطاعَ\". أظُنُّه قالَ: \"فإِن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُنازِعُه فاضرِبوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ\". فلَمّا سَمِعتُها أدخَلتُ رأسِي بَينِ رَجُلَينِ فقُلتُ: إنَّ ابنَ عَمِّكَ مُعاويَةَ يأْمُرُنا أن نَقتُلَ أنفُسَنا، وأن نأْكُلَ أموالَنا بَينَنا بالباطِل، واللَّهُ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]، ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٨]. قال: فوَضَعَ جُمْعَه (^٣) على جَبهَتِه، ثُمَّ نَكَسَ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: أطِعْه في طاعَةِ اللَّه، واعصِه في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ. قُلتُ: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟: قال: نَعَم، سَمِعَته أُذُنايَ ووَعاه قَلبِي (^٤). لَفَظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨: \"على\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"يرفق\". وقد رويت هذه اللفظة بهاتين الروايتين - كما رويت: يدقق. ويدفق: يدفع ويصب. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٢/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٣) الجُمْع: أي جُمْع الكف، وهو أن يجمع الأصابع ويضمها. النهاية ١/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٤) أحمد (٦٧٩٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجة (٣٩٥٦) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٤٢٤٨)، والنسائي (٤٢٠٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٦١) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"17","page":7},{"text":"وكيعٍ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ الحِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بن قَطَنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، قال فيه: \"ومَن بايَعَ إمامًا فأعطاه صَفقَةَ يَدِه وثَمَرَةَ قَلبه؛ فلْيطِعْه ما استَطاعَ، فإن جاءَ أحَدٌ يُنازِعُه فاضربوا عُنُقَ الآخَر\". قال: فدَنَوتُ مِنه فقُلتُ: أَنشُدُكَ باللهِ أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فأَومَأ إلَى أُذُنَيه وقَلبِه بيَدَيه فقالَ: سَمِعَتْه أُذُنايَ ووَعاه قَلبِي. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ أبي نُعْمٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: بَعَثَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بذُهَيْبَةٍ في تُربَتِها، فقَسَمَها بَينَ أربَعَةٍ؛ بَينَ الأقرَعِ بنِ حابِسٍ الحَنظَلِيِّ ثُمَّ المُجاشِعِيِّ، وبَينَ عُيَينَةَ بنِ بَدرٍ الفَزارِيِّ، وبَينَ زَيدِ الخَيلِ الطَّائِيِّ، ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَني نَبهانَ، وبَينَ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ عُلاثَةَ العامِرِيِّ، ثُمَّ أحَدِ بَنِي كِلابٍ. قال: فغَضِبَت قُرَيشٌ والأَنصارُ وقالَت: يُعطِي صَناديدَ أهلِ نَجدٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٤٤/ ...).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٤٤/ ٤٦).","vol":"17","page":8},{"text":"ويَدَعُنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّما أَتَأَلَّفُهُم\". قال: فأقبَلَ رَجُلٌ غائرُ العَينَين، مُشرِفُ الوَجنَتَين، ناتِئُ الجَبين، كَثُّ اللِّحيَة، مَحلوقٌ، قال: اتَّقِ اللهَ يا محمدُ. فقالَ: \"مَن يُطِعِ اللهَ إذا عَصَيتُه؟ أيأمَنُنِي اللهُ على أهلِ الأرضِ ولا تأْمَنُونِي؟! \". قال: فسألَ رَجُلٌ قَتلَه، أحسِبُه خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ. قال: فمَنَعَه. قال: فلَمَّا ولَّى، قال: \"إنَّ مِن ضِئضِيءِ هذا - أو: في عَقِبِ هذا - قَومًا يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يُجاوِزُ حَناجِرَهُم، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الإسلامِ مُروقَ السَّهمِ مِنَ الرَّميَّة، يَقتُلونَ أهلَ الإِسلامِ ويَدَعونَ عَبَدَةَ الأوثان، لَئِن أَنا أدرَكتُهُم لأَقتُلَنَّهُم قَتلَ عادٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بن الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَكونُ فُرقَةٌ بَينَ طائفَتَينِ مِن أُمَّتِي تَمرُقُ بَينَهُما مارِقَةٌ، يَقْتُلُها (^٣) أَولَى الطَّائفَتَينِ بالحَقِّ\" (^٤). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ عن القاسِمِ (^٥).\n\n١٦٧٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَعقوبُ بن أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٧٦٤). وتقدم في (١٣٠٧٧، ١٣٣١١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٤٤)، ومسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٤٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"تقتلها\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٢٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٢٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٦٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥١١) من طريق القاسم بن الفضل به. وابن حبان (٦٧٣٥) من طريق أبي نضرة به. وسيأتي في (١٦٨٦١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٥٠).","vol":"17","page":9},{"text":"الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا نَصرُ بن عليٍّ الجَهضمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن الضَّحّاكِ المِشْرَقِيِّ (^١)، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَ فيه: \"قَومًا يَخرُجونَ على فُرقَة مِنَ النّاس، يَقتُلُهُم أقرَبُ الفِئَتَينِ إلَى الحَقِّ\" (^٢).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِيِّ عن أبي أحمدَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إذا سَمِعتُم بي أُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَديثًا، فَلَأن أخِرَّ مِنَ الماءِ إلَى الأرضِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أكذِبَ عَلَيه، وإِذا حَدَّثتُكُم عن غَيرِه، فإِنَّما أنا رَجُلٌ مُحارِبٌ والحَربُ خَدْعَةٌ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يَخْرُجُ في آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ قَومٌ أحداثُ الأسنانِ، سُفَهاءُ الأحلام، يَقولونَ مِن خَيرِ قَولِ البَريَّة، لا يُجاوِزُ إيمانُهُم حَناجِرَهُم، فأَيْنمَا لَقِيتُموهُم فاقتُلوهُم؛ فإنَّ قَتلَهُم أجرٌ لِمَن قَتَلَهُم إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"هو منسوب إلى مِشرَق - بكسر الميم وفتح الراء - بطن من همدان\". وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٤٠٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٧٧٩) عن أبي أحمد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٥٣).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٣٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٦، ٩١٢) عن أبي معاوية به. ومسلم =","vol":"17","page":10},{"text":"زادَ: \"يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كما يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّةِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبِيدَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، قال إسماعيلُ: ذَكَرَ الخَوارجَ. وقالَ حَمّادٌ: ذَكَرَ أهلَ النَّهرَوانِ. فقالَ: فيهِم رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجُ اليَد، أو مُوْدَنُ اليَد، أو مُثْدَنُ (^٣) اليَد، لَولا أن تَبطَروا لَحَدَّثتُكُم ما وعَدَ اللهُ ﷿ الَّذينَ يُقاتِلونَهُم على لِسانِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -. قُلتُ: أنتَ سَمِعتَه مِن محمدٍ - ﷺ -؟ قال: إِيْ ورَبِّ الكَعبَة، إِيْ ورَبِّ الكَعبَة، إِيْ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n= (١٠٦٦/ ١٥٤)، وأبو داود (٤٧٦٧)، والنسائي (٤١١٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٦٣) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (١٦٨٦٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٦٦/ ...)، والبخارى (٣٦١١، ٥٠٥٧، ٦٩٣٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"مثدون\". وضبب عليها في الأصل وكتب في حاشيتها: \"مثدون\". ومخدج اليد، أي: ناقص اليد، وكذلك المودن، والمثدون: صغير اليد مجتمعها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤، ٢٣٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٩٠٤، ٩٨٨) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به. وأبو داود (٤٧٦٣) من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (٦٢٦)، وابن ماجة (١٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٧٢، ٨٥٧٣)، وابن حبان (٦٩٣٨) من طريق ابن سيرين به بنحوه.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٠٦٦/ ١٥٥).","vol":"17","page":11},{"text":"١٦٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن أبي سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بن كُهَيلٍ، أخبرَنِي زَيدُ بن وهبٍ الجُهَنِيُّ، أنَّه كان في الجَيشِ الَّذينَ كانوا مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، الَّذينَ ساروا إلَى الخَوارجِ، فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أيُّها النَّاسُ، إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يَخرُجُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي قَومٌ يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لَيسَت قِراءَتُكُم إلَى قِراءَتهِم بشَئٍ، ولا صَلاتُكُم إلَى صَلاتهِم بشَئٍ، ولا صيامُكُم إلَى صيامِهِم بشَئٍ، يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا تُجاوِزُ صَلاتُهُم تَراقيَهُم، يَمْرُقونَ مِنَ الإِسلامِ كما يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِن الرَّميَّةِ\". لَو يَعلَمُ الجَيشُ الَّذينَ يُصيبونَهُم ما قَضَى اللهُ لَهُم على لِسانِ نَبيِّهِم - ﷺ - لاتَّكلوا عن العَمَل، وآيَةُ ذَلِكَ أن فيهِم رَجُلًا له عَضُدٌ ولَيسَت له ذِراعٌ، على عَضُدِه مِثلُ حَلَمَةِ ثَديِ المَرأةِ، عَلَيها (^١) شَعَراتٌ بيضٌ، فتَذهَبونَ إلَى مُعاويَةَ وأهلِ الشَّام، وتَترُكونَ هَؤُلاءِ يَخلُفونَكُم في ذَراريَكُم وأموالِكُم، واللهِ إنِّي لأَرجو أن يَكونوا هَؤُلاءِ القَومَ؛ فإِنَّهُم قَد سَفَكوا الدَّمَ وأغاروا في سَرْحِ النَّاسِ (^٢)، فسيروا على اسمِ اللهِ. قال سَلَمَةُ: فنَزَّلَنِي زَيدُ بن وهبٍ مَنزِلًا مَنزِلًا حَتَّى قال: مَرَرنا على قَنطَرَةٍ. قال: فلَمَّا التَقَينا، وعَلَى الخَوارجِ يَومَئذٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ الراسِبِيُّ، فقالَ لَهُم: ألقوا الرِّماحَ وسُلّوا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عليه\".\n(^٢) سرح النّاس: موضع رعى مواشيهم. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١٢.","vol":"17","page":12},{"text":"سُيوفَكُم مِن جُفونِها؛ فإِنِّي أخافُ أن يُناشِدوكُم كما ناشَدوكُم يَومَ حَروراءَ فرَجَعتُم. قال: فوَحَّشوا برِماحِهِم (^١) وسَلّوا السُّيوفَ، وشَجَرَهُمُ النّاسُ برِماحِهِم (^٢). قال: فقُتِل بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ وما أُصيبَ مِنَ النّاسِ يَومَئذٍ إلَّا رَجُلانِ. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: التَمِسوا فيهِمُ المُخْدَجَ. فلَم يَجِدوه، فقامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - بنَفسِه، فالتَمَسَه فوَجَدَه فقالَ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وبَلَّغَ رسولُه. فقامَ إلَيه عَبِيدَةُ السَّلْمانِيُّ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو لَسَمِعتَ هذا الحديثَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟! قال؛ إِيْ واللَّهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو. حَتَّى استَحلَفَه ثَلاثًا وهو يَحلِفُ لَه (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطّاهِر، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِث، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أن الحَرورِيَّةَ لَمّا خَرَجَت وهو مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، قالوا: لا حُكمَ إلَّا لِلَّهِ. فقالَ: كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ أُريدَ بها باطِلٌ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وصَفَ ناسًا إنِّي لأَعرِفُ صِفَتَهُم\n_________\n(^١) فوحشوا برماحهم: رموها بعيدًا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨١.\n(^٢) أي: شبكهم النّاس بالرماح. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ١٩٨.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٣٢. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦٥٠)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٧٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٧١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٠٦٦/ ١٥٦).","vol":"17","page":13},{"text":"في هَؤُلاءِ، يَقولونَ الحَقَّ بألسِنَتِهِم لا يُجاوِزُ هذا مِنهُم - وأشارَ إلَى حَلْقِه - أبغَضُ خَلقِ اللهِ إلَيه، مِنهُم أسوَدُ إحدَى يَدَيه حَلَمَةُ ثَديٍ. فلَمَّا قَتَلَهُم قال: انظُروا. فنَظَروا، فلَم يَجِدوا شَيئًا، قال: ارجِعوا فواللهِ ما كَذَبتُ ولا كُذِبتُ. مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ وجَدوه في خَرِبَةٍ فأتَوا به حَتَّى وضَعوه بَينَ يَدَيه. قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: وأنا حاضِرٌ ذَلِكَ مِن أمرِهِم، وقَولَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - فيهِم (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطَّاهِرِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ قال: بَينا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَقسِمُ قَسْمًا، أتاه ذو الخوَيصِرَةِ - وهو رَجُل مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ اعدِلْ. فقالَ: \"ويحَكَ! ومَن يَعدِلُ إذا لَم أعدِلْ؟ لَقَد خِبتَ وخَسِرتَ (^٣) إن لَم أكُنْ أعدِلُ\". فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ الله، ائذَنْ لِي فيه أضرِبْ عُنُقَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"دَعْه؛ فإِنَّ له أصحابًا، يَحقِرُ أحَدُكُم صَلَاته مَعَ صَلَاتِهِم، وصيامَه مَعَ صيامِهِم، يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يَجوزُ تَراقِيَهُم، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الإِسلامِ كما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٦٢)، وابن حبان (٦٩٣٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٦٦/ ١٥٧).\n(^٣) روى بفتح التاء في \"خبت وخسرت\" وبضمها فيهما، والفتح أشهر والله أعلم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٧/ ١٥٩.","vol":"17","page":14},{"text":"يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّة، يُنظَرُ إلَى نَصلِه (^١) فلا يوجَدُ فيه شَئٌ، تُمَّ يُنظَرُ إلَى رِصافِه فلا يوجَدُ فيه شَئٌ، ثُمَّ يُنظَرُ إلَى نَضِيِّه (^١)، وهو قِدْحُه، فلا يوجَدُ فيه شَئٌ، ثُمَّ يُنظَرُ إلَى قُذَذِه فلا يوجَدُ فيه شَئٌ، قَد سَبَقَ الفَرْثَ والدَّمَ، آيَتُهُم رَجُلٌ أسوَدُ إحدَى عَضُدَيْه مِثلُ ثَدي المَرأة، ومِثلُ البَضْعَةِ تَدَرْدَرُ (^٢)، يَخرُجونَ على حينِ فُرْقَةٍ (^٣) مِنَ النَّاسِ\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فأشهَدُ أنِّي سَمِعتُ هذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وأشهَدُ أن عليّ بنَ أبي طالِب - ﵁ - قاتَلَهُم وأنا مَعَه، فأمَرَ بذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ فالتُمِسَ، فأُتِيَ به حَتَّى نَظَرتُ إلَيه على نَعتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الَّذِي نَعَتَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٥)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن أبي سلمةَ والضَّحّاكِ الهَمْدانِيِّ عن أبي سعيدٍ (^٦).\n\n١٦٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِيَّ. قَال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) النصل: حديدة السهم والسيف، والرصاف: العقب الذي يشد به على فُوق السهم، وهي القرصة التي تركب في الوتر حين الرمي. والنضى: القدح، وهو ما جاوز الريش إلى النصل من الجانب الآخر. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٩٣.\n(^٢) القذذ: ريش السهم، كلّ واحدة منها قذة. والبضعة: القطعة من اللحم. وتدردر: تجئ ويذهب بعضها في بعض. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٩٦، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٩٦، ٢٥٥.\n(^٣) في م: \"فترة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٣٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٦٠، ٨٥٦١، ١١٢٢٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٤١) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وابن ماجة (١٦٩) من طريق أبي سلمة به مختصرًا.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٦١٠).\n(^٦) البخاري (٦١٦٣)، ومسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٤٨).","vol":"17","page":15},{"text":"أبو المُغيرَة، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِيُّ. والحَديثُ لِلعباس، حَدَّثَنِي قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، وعن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"سَيَكونُ في أُمَّتِي اختِلافٌ وفُرقَةٌ؛ قَومٌ يُحسِنونَ القِيلَ ويُسيئونَ الفِعلَ، يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ لا يُجاوِزُ تَراقِيَهُم، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ مُروقَ السَّهمِ مِنَ الرَّميَّةِ، لا يَرْجِعونَ حَتَّى يَرتَدَّ على فُوقِه (^١)، هُم شَرُّ الخَلقِ والخَليقَة، طوبَى لِمَن قَتَلَهُم وقَتَلوه، يَدعونَ إلَى كِتابِ اللَّهِ ولَيسوا مِنه في شَئٍ، مَن قاتَلَهُم كان أولَى باللَّهِ مِنهُم\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ فما سيماهُم؟ قال: \"التَّحليقُ\" (^٢).\nوفِي البابِ عن أبي ذَرٍّ وسَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وأبِي بكرَةَ وأبِي بَرْزَةَ الأسلَمِيّ، وبَعضُهُم يَزيدُ على بَعضٍ (^٣).\nواستَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في قِتالِ أهلِ البَغي بقَولِ اللهِ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ﴾ (^٤) [الحجرات: ٩].\n_________\n(^١) الفوق: موضع الوتر من السهم. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٣٨) عن أبي المغيرة به. وأبو داود (٤٧٦٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٩٨٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٤٢)، ومسلم (١٠٦٧/ ١٥٨)، وابن ماجة (١٧٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٣٨) من حديث أبي ذر. وأحمد (١٥٩٧٧)، والبخارى (٦٩٣٤)، ومسلم (١٠٦٨/ ١٥٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٩٠) من حديث سهل. وأحمد (٧٠٣٨) من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو. وسيأتي في (١٦٨٦٢) من حديث أبي بكرة. وأحمد (١٩٨٠٨)، والنسائي (٤١١٤) من حديث أبي برزة، وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٢٧٧).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٢١٤.","vol":"17","page":16},{"text":"١٦٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيمُ بن حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، لَو أتَيتَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُبَيٍّ؟ قال: فانطَلَقَ إلَيه ورَكِبَ حِمارَه ورَكِبَ مَعَه قَومٌ مِن أصحابِه. فلَمّا أتاه قال له عبدُ اللهِ: تنَحَّ فقَد آذانِي نَتْنُ حِمارِكَ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ: واللهِ لَحِمارُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أطيَبُ ريحًا مِنكَ. قال: فغَضِبَ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما قَومُه، فتَضارَبوا بالجَريدِ والنِّعال، فبَلَغَنا أنَّما نَزَلَت فيهِم هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا﴾ الآيَة (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الأعلَى، كِلاهُما عن مُعتَمِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه بَلَغَه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: لَو أتَيتَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُبَيٍّ؟ فانطَلَقَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - راكِبًا على حِمارٍ، وانطَلَقَ النّاسُ يَمشونَ. قال: وهِيَ أرضٌ سَبِخَةٌ. فذَكَرَه، قال أنَسٌ: وأُنبِئتُ أنَّها أُنزِلَت فيهِم (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٠٧) من طريق معتمر به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٩١)، ومسلم (١٧٩٩/ ١١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء ٢/ ٧٠٢، ٧٠٣ من طريق إسماعيل القاضي به.","vol":"17","page":17},{"text":"محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الزَّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ (^١) بن مَهدِيِّ بنِ رُستُمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي. وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ، عن يونُسَ، جَميعًا عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي حَمزَةُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه بَينَما هو جالِسٌ مَعَ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ فقالَ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَن، إنِّي واللهِ لَقَد حَرَصتُ أن أتَسَمَّتَ بسَمتِكَ، وأقتَدِيَ بكَ في أمرِ فُرقَةِ النّاس، وأعتَزِلَ الشَّرَّ ما استَطَعتُ، وإِنِّي أقرأُ آيَةً مِن كِتابِ اللهِ مُحكَمَةً قَد أخَذَتْ بقَلبِي فأخبِرْنِي عَنها، أرأيتَ قَولَ اللهِ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ﴾ أخبِرنِي عن هذه الآيَةِ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: وما لَكَ ولِذاكَ؟ انصَرِفْ عَنِّي. فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى تَوارَى عَنَّا (^٢) سَوادُه، أقبَلَ عَلَينا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ فقالَ: ما وجَدتُ في نَفسِي في (^٣) شَئٍ مِن أمرِ هذه الأُمَّةِ ما وجَدتُ في نَفسِي أنِّي لَم أُقاتِلْ هذه الفِئَةَ الباغيَةَ كما أمَرَنِي اللهُ ﷿. زادَ القَطَّانُ في رِوايَتِه: قال حَمزَةُ: فقُلنا له: ومَن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن محمد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٥٤٢٧).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"منا\".\n(^٣) في م: \"من\".","vol":"17","page":18},{"text":"تَرَى الفِئَةَ الباغيَةَ؟ قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ بَغَى على هَؤُلاءِ القَومِ؛ فأخرَجَهُم مِن ديارِهِم ونَكَثَ عَهدَهُم (^١).\nففِي قَولِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ هذا دِلالَةٌ على جَوازِ استِعمالِ الآيَةِ في قِتالِ الفِئَةِ الباغيَةِ.\n\n١٦٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن المُؤَمَّلِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: ما رأيتُ مِثلَ ما رَغِبَت عنه هذه الأُمَّةُ مِن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3581>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ الفِئَةَ الباغيَةَ مِنهُما لا تَخرُجُ بالبَغي عن تَسميَةِ الإسلامِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: سَمّاهُمُ اللهُ المُؤمِنينَ وأمَرَ بالإِصلاحِ بَينَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٣، ٣/ ١١٥، ١١٦ دون زيادة القطان، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ١٩٣ من طريق أبي الحسين القطان به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٦، وصححه. وأخرجه مالك في الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (١٠٠٣) عن محمد بن أبي بكر به.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢١٤.","vol":"17","page":19},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تقومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى تَقتَتِلَ فِئتَانِ عَظيمَتان، تَكونُ بَينَهُما مَقتَلَةٌ عَظيمَةٌ ودَعواهُما واحِدَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبد الرَّزَّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ وسَعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ أبو موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرَةَ يقولُ: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على المِنبَرِ والحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ - ﵄ - مَعَه إلَى جَنبِه، وهو يَلتَفِتُ إلَى النَّاسِ مَرَّةً وِإلَيه مَرَّةً ويَقولُ: \"إِنَّ ابنِي هذا سَيِّدٌ، ولَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُصلِحُ به بَينَ فِئَتَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\". قال سفيانُ: قَولُه: \"فِئَتَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ\". يُعجِبُنا جِدًّا (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللهِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٥١، وهمام في صحيفته (٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٣٦)، وابن حبان (٦٧٣٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٠٩)، ومسلم (١٥٧/ ١٧).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ٥٣٢، ٥٣٣، والحميدى (٧٩٣). وتقدم في (١٢٠٤٨، ١٣٥٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٠٤، ٣٧٤٦، ٧١٠٩).","vol":"17","page":20},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ وآدَمُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُبارَكٌ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ سُفيانَ، زادَ آدَمُ: قال الحَسَنُ: فلَمَّا ولِيَ يَعنِي الحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ - ﵄ - ما أُهْريقَ [في سَبَبِه] (^١) مِحجَمَةٌ مِن دَمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابن الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن الحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ - ﵄ -. قال: لَو نَظَرتُم ما بَينَ جابَرْسَ إلَى جابَلَقَ ما وجَدتُم رَجُلًا جَدُّه نَبِيٌّ غَيرِي وغَيرَ أخِي، وإِنِّي أرَى أن تَجتَمِعوا على مُعاويَةَ ﴿وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ﴾ [الأنبياء: ١١١]. قال مَعمَرٌ: جابَرْسُ وجابَلَقُ المَغرِبُ والمَشْرِقُ (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: لَمَّا صالَحَ الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ. وقالَ هُشَيمٌ: لَمَّا سَلَّمَ الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ الأمرَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"بسببه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٤٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٦٤) من طريق مبارك بنحوه.\n(^٣) جابرس: مدينة بأقصى المشرق. وجابلق: مدينة بأقصى المغرب. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٩٠، ٩١.\nوالأثر عند المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٤٤، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٩٨٠)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٢٧٤٨).\nوقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٢٠٨: رواه الطبراني في الكبير، ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"17","page":21},{"text":"إلَى مُعاويَةَ قال له مُعاويَةُ بالنُّخَيْلَةِ (^١): قُمْ فتَكَلَّمْ. فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: أما بَعدُ، فإِنَّ أكيَسَ الكَيسِ التُّقَى، وإِنَّ أعجَزَ العَجزِ الفُجورُ، ألَا وإِنَّ هذا الأمرَ الَّذِي اختَلَفتُ فيه أنا ومُعاويَةُ حَقٌّ لامرِئٍ كان أحَقَّ به مِنِّي، أو حَقٌّ لِي تَرَكتُه لِمُعاويَةَ إرادَةَ إصلاحِ المُسلِمينَ وحَقنِ دِمائِهِم، ﴿وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ﴾ ثُمَّ استَغفَرَ ونَزَلَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، عن شَريكٍ، عن أبي العَنْبَس، عن أبي البَختَرِيِّ قال: سُئلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - عن أهلِ الجَمَلِ: أمُشرِكونَ هُم؟ قال: مِنَ الشِّركِ فرّوا. قيلَ: أمُنافِقونَ هُم؟ قال: إنَّ المُنافِقينَ لا يَذكُرونَ اللهَ إلَّا قَليلًا. قيلَ: فما هُم؟ قال: إخوانُنا بَغَوا عَلَينا (^٣).\n\n١٦٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيع، عن أبانِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ البَجَلِيّ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن رِبعِيِّ بنِ حِراشٍ قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إنِّي لأَرجو أن\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بالنخلية\". والنخيلة: موضع قرب الكوفة على سمت الشام. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٧٧١.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٤٤. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ١٣/ ٢٧٤ من طريق المصنّف وغيره عن أبي الحسين به. والحاكم ٣/ ١٧٥ من طريق الحميدي به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٢١٨)، والطبراني (٢٥٥٩) من طريق سفيان بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٢٠٨: وفيه مجالد بن سعيد وفيه كلام وقد وثق، وبقة رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٧٥٩).","vol":"17","page":22},{"text":"أكونَ أنا وطَلحَةُ والزُّبَيرُ مِمَّن قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ﴾ (^١) [الحجر: ٤٧].\n\n١٦٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن أبي حَبيبَةَ مَولَى طَلحَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على عليٍّ - ﵁ - مَعَ عِمرانَ بنِ طَلحَةَ بَعدما فرَغَ مِن أصحابِ الجَمَلِ. قال: فرَحَّبَ به وأدناه، وقالَ: إنِّي لأَرجو أن يَجعَلَنِي اللَّهُ وأباكَ مِن الَّذينَ قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ﴾. فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِ (^٢) كَيفَ فُلانَةُ؟ كَيفَ فُلانَةُ؟ قال: وسألَه عن أُمَّهاتِ أولادِ أبيه. قال: ثُمَّ قال: لَم نَقبِضْ أرضيكُم (^٣) هذه السِّنينَ إلَّا مَخافَةَ أن يَنتَهِبَها النَّاسُ، يا فُلانُ انطَلِقْ مَعَه إلَى ابنِ قَرَظَةَ، مُرْه فلْيُعطِه غَلَّتَه (^٤) هذه السِّنينَ، ويَدفَعْ إلَيه أرضَه، قال: فقالَ رَجُلانِ جالِسانِ ناحيَةً أحَدُهُما الحارِثُ الأعوَرُ: اللَّهُ أعدَلُ مِن ذَلِكَ؛ أن نَقتُلَهُم ويَكونوا إخوانَنا في الجَنَّةِ. قال: قوما أبْعَدَ أرضِ اللَّهِ وأسحَقَها، فمَن هو إذا لَم أكُنْ أنا وطَلحَةُ؟!\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٨١٧).\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"أخى\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أرضكم\".\n(^٤) في م: \"غلة\".","vol":"17","page":23},{"text":"يا ابنَ أخِي، إذا كانَت لَكَ حاجَةٌ فأْتِنا. لَفظُ حَديثِ الطَّنَافِسِيّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي مُعاويَةَ قال: دَخَلَ عِمر انُ بن طَلحَةَ على عليٍّ. ولَم يُسَمِّ الحارِثَ وقالَ: إلَى بَني قَرَظَةَ. والباقِي بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٦٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ المَنيعِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عليٌّ هو ابنُ الجَعد، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَم، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّارًا - ﵁ - يقولُ حينَ بَعَثَه عليٌّ - ﵁ - إلَى الكوفَةِ ليَستَنفِرَ النَّاسَ: إنَّا لَنَعلَمُ أنَّها زَوجَةُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الدُّنيا والآخِرَة، ولَكِنَّ اللهَ ابتَلاكُم بها (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ بن أبي الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا بُندارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ قال: لَمَّا بَعَثَ عليٌّ عَمَّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ والحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ - ﵃ - إلَى الكوفَةِ ليَستَنفِرَهُم، خَطَبَ عَمَّارٌ فقالَ: إنِّي لَأَعلَمُ أنَّها زَوجَتُه في الدُّنيا والآخِرَة، ولَكِنَّ اللهَ ابتَلاكُم بها ليَنظُرَ إيَّاه تَتَّبِعونَ أو إيَّاها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ (^٤).\n\n١٦٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٢٢٤، وأحمد في الفضائل (١٢٩٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٧٧ من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) الجعديات (١٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٣١) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٧٧٢).","vol":"17","page":24},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوفٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: قال خالِدُ بن الواشِمَةِ: لَمَّا فُرِغَ مِن أصحابِ الجَمَل، ونَزَلَت عائشَةُ مَنزِلَها، دَخَلتُ عَلَيها فقُلتُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكِ يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ. قالَت: مَن هَذا؟ قُلتُ: خالِدُ بن الواشِمَةِ. قالَت: ما فعَلَ طَلحَةُ؟ قُلتُ: أُصيبَ. قالَت: إنَّا للهِ وإِنَّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، يَرحَمُه اللهُ. قالَت: فما فعَلَ الزُّبَيرُ؟ قُلتُ: أُصيبَ. قالَت: إنَّا للهِ وإِنَّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، يَرحَمُه اللهُ. قُلتُ: بَل نَحنُ للهِ وإِنَّا إلَيه راجِعونَ في زَيدِ بنِ صُوحَانَ. قالَت: وأُصيبَ زَيدٌ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَت: إنَّا للهِ وإِنَّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، يَرحَمُه اللهُ. فقُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ ذَكَرتِ طَلحَةَ فقُلتِ: يَرحَمُه اللهُ. وذَكَرتِ الزُّبَيرَ فقُلتِ: يَرحَمُه اللهُ. وذَكَرتِ زَيدًا فقُلتِ: يَرحَمُه اللهُ. وقَد قَتَلَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا، واللهِ لا يَجمَعُهُمُ اللهُ في الجَنَّةِ أبَدًا. قالَت: أوَ لا تَدرِي أنَّ رَحمَةَ اللهِ واسِعَةٌ وهو على كُلِّ شَئٍ قَديرٌ؟ قال: فكانَت أفضَلَ شَئٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٧٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ الواشِمَةِ بنَحوِه (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا أيُّوبُ عن ابنِ سيرينَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"منى\".\nوالأثر عند المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤١٦، ٤١٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٤٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤١٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٤٤٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٦٤) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"17","page":25},{"text":"١٦٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا العَوّامُ بن حَوشَبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: رأى عمرُو بن شُرَحبيلَ، وكانَ مِن أفاضِلِ أصحابِ عبد الله، قال: رأيتُ كأنِّي دَخَلتُ الجَنَّةَ، فإِذا أنا بقِبابٍ مَضروبَةٍ فقُلتُ: لِمَن هَذا؟ فقالَ: لِذِي كَلاعٍ وحَوشَبٍ، وكانا مِمَّن قُتِلَ مَعَ مُعاويَةَ. قال: قُلتُ: ما فعَلَ عَمَّارٌ وأصحابُهُ؟ قالوا: أمامَكَ. قال: قُلتُ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! وقَد قَتَلَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا. فقالَ: إنَّهُم لَقُوا اللَّهَ فوَجَدوه واسِعَ المَغفِرَةِ. قال: قُلتُ: ما فعَلَ أهلُ النَّهرِ؟ قال: لَقُوا بَرْحًا (^١). فقالَ يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ: فسَمِعتُ يَزيدَ في المَجلِسِ ببَغدادَ، وكانَ يُقالُ: إنَّ في المَجلِسِ سبعينَ ألفًا. قال: لا تَغتَرّوا بهَذا الحَديثِ؛ فإِنَّ ذا الكَلاعِ وحَوشَبًا أعتَقا اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ أهلِ بَيتٍ. وذَكَرَ مِن مَحاسِنِهِم أشياءَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) برحا: أي شدة شديدة. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٥٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة، (٣٨٨٤٠)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٢٦٣ عن يزيد بن هارون به، دون ذكر قول يحيى. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٩٥٥) من طريق العوام به.","vol":"17","page":26},{"text":"مِسعَرٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ (^١)، أن عَمَّارًا - ﵁ - قال: لا تَقولوا: كَفَرَ أهلُ الشّامِ. ولَكِن قولوا: فسَقوا أو ظَلَموا (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ (^٣) بن عبد اللَّهِ السُّدَيرِيُّ بخُسْرَوْجِرْدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوجِردِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ بن زَنْجُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مِسعَرٌ، عن عامِرِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: مَن يَتَعَرَّفُ البَغْلَةَ يَومَ قُتِلَ المُشرِكونَ يَعنِي أهلَ النَّهرَوانِ؟ فقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ: مِنَ الشِّركِ فرّوا. قال: فالمُنافِقونَ؟ قال: المُنافِقونَ لا يَذكُرونَ اللَّهَ إلَّا قَليلًا. قال: فما هُم؟ قال: قَومٌ بَغَوا عَلَينا فنُصِرنا عَلَيهِم (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3582>بابُ مَن قال: لا تَبَاعَةَ في الجِراحِ والدِّماء، وما فاتَ مِنَ الأموالِ في قِتالِ أهلِ البَغي</span>\n\n١٦٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: قَد هاجَتِ الفِتنَةُ الأولَى فأدرَكَتْ يَعنِي الفِتنَةَ، رِجالًا ذَوِي عَدَدٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِمَّن شَهِدَ مَعَه بَدرًا، وبَلَغَنا أنَّهُم كانوا يَرَونَ أن يُهدَرَ أمرُ الفِتنَة، ولا يُقامَ فيها على رَجُلٍ قاتَلَ في تأْويلِ القُرآنِ قِصاصٌ فيمَن\n_________\n(^١) في س، وابن أبي شيبة، وابن عاكر: \"رياح\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ١/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٣) في م: \"الحسن\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٨٦٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه المروزى في تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٥٩٢) من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"17","page":27},{"text":"قَتَلَ، ولا حَدٌّ في سِباءِ امرأةٍ سُبيَت، ولا يُرَى عَلَيها حَدٌّ ولا بَينَها وبَينَ زَوجِها مُلاعَنَةٌ، ولا يُرَى أن يَقفوَها (^١) أحَدٌ إلَّا جُلِدَ الحَدَّ، ويُرَى أن تُرَدَّ إلَى زَوجِها الأوَّلِ بعدَ أن تَعتَدَّ فتَقضِيَ عِدَّتَها مِن زَوجِها الآخِر، ويُرَى أن يَرِثَها زَوجُها الأَوَّلُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيه سُلَيمانُ بن هِشامٍ يَسألُه عن امرأةٍ فارَقَت زَوجَها، وشَهِدَت على قَومِها بالشِّرك، ولَحِقَت بالحَروريَّة، فتَزَوَّجَت فيهِم ثُمَّ جاءَت تائبَةً. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه الزُّهرِيُّ وأنا شاهِدٌ: أمَّا بَعدُ؛ فإِنَّ الفِتنَةَ الأولَى ثارَت، وفِي أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا، فرأوا أن يُهدَمَ أمرُ الفِتنَةِ؛ لا يُقامُ فيها حَدٌّ على أحَدٍ في فرجٍ استَحَلَّه بتأْويلِ القُرآن، ولا قِصاصٌ في دَمٍ استَحَلَّه بتأويلِ القُرآن، ولا مالٍ استَحَلَّه بتأْويلِ القُرآنِ إلَّا أن يوجَدَ شَئٌ بعَينِه، وإِنِّي أرَى أن تَرُدَّها إلَى زَوجِها وتَحُدَّ مَن قَذَفَها (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه أخبَرنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"يقذفها\"، وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"وقع في نسخة ... في الرواية: يقذفها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤٩ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٢١٩). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٥٣) عن ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥٨٤) عن معمر به.","vol":"17","page":28},{"text":"المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَيفُ بن فُلانِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِي، عن جَدِّي قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ الجَمَلِ، واضطرَبَ الحَبْلُ (^١)، وأغارَ النَّاسُ. قال: فجاءَ النّاسُ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - يَدَّعونَ أشياءَ، فأكثَروا عَلَيه، فلَم يَفهَمْ. قال: أَلا رَجُلٌ يَجمَعُ لِي كَلامَه في خَمسِ كَلِماتٍ أو سِتٍّ؟ قال: فاحتَفَزتُ على إحدَى رِجلَيَّ. قُلتُ: إن فهِمَ قَبلُ كَلامِي وإِلَّا جَلَستُ مِن قَريبٍ. قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ الكَلامَ لَيسَ بخَمسٍ ولا سِتٍّ، ولَكِنَّها كَلِمَتانِ. قال: فنَظَرَ إلَيَّ. قال: قُلتُ: هَضْمٌ (^٢) أو قِصاصٌ. قال: فعَقَدَ ثَلاثينَ وقالَ: قالُونْ (^٣)، أرأيتُم ما عَدَدتُم فهو تَحتَ قَدَمَيَّ هاتَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3583>بابُ ما جاءَ في قِتالِ الضَّربِ الأوَّلِ مِن أهلِ الرِّدَّةِ بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هُم قَومٌ كَفَروا بعدَ إسلامِهِم مِثلُ طُلَيحَةَ ومُسَيلِمَةَ والعَنسِيِّ وأصحابِهِم (^٥).\n\n١٦٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، وسنن سعيد، والمصنف: \"الخيل\"، وفي ص ٨: \"الجبل\".\n(^٢) هضم: أي ترك. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٢٤٤ (هـ ض م).\n(^٣) قالون بلسان الروم: أحسنت. الفتح ١/ ٤٢٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٤٩) عن ابن المبارك به، وفيه: سيف بن معاوية بن فلان. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥٨٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٢١٥.","vol":"17","page":29},{"text":"هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَينَما أنا نائمٌ إذ أُتيتُ بخَزائنِ الأرض، فوُضِعَ في يَدَيَّ سوارَينِ مِن ذَهَبٍ، فكَبُرا عليَّ وأهَمَّانِي، فأُوحِيَ إلَيَّ أَنِ انْفُخْهُما، فنَفَختُهُما فذَهَبا، فَأَوَّلتُهُما الكَذّابَينِ اللَّذَينِ أنا بَينَهُما؛ صاحِبَ صَنعاءَ وصاحِبَ اليَمامَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: أوَّلُ رِدَّةٍ كانَت في العَرَبِ مُسَيلِمَةُ باليَمامَةِ في بَنِي حَنيفَةَ، والأسوَدُ بن كَعبٍ العَنسِيُّ باليَمَنِ في حَياةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وخَرَجَ طُلَيحَةُ بن خوَيلِدٍ الأسَدِيُّ في بَني أسَدٍ يَدَّعِي النُّبوَّةَ يَسجَعُ لَهُم.\n\n١٦٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: لَمَّا استَخلَفَ اللَّهُ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وارتَدَّ مَنِ ارتَدَّ مِنَ العَرَبِ عن الإِسلامِ؛ خَرَجَ أبو بكرٍ غازيًا، حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ نَقْعًا (^٣) مِن نَحوِ النَّقيعِ (^٤) خافَ على المَدينَةِ فرَجَعَ، وأَمَّرَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ سَيفَ اللهِ ونَدَبَ مَعَه النّاسَ، وأمَرَه أن يَسيرَ في ضاحيَةِ مُضَرَ فيُقاتِلَ مَنِ ارتَدَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٤٩) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٣٧٥)، ومسلم (٢٢٧٤/ ٢٢).\n(^٣) النقع: الماء الناقع، وهو كلّ ماء مستنقع، والجمع أنقع. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٣٢.\n(^٤) في م، وابن عساكر: \"البقيع\". والنقيع: موضع قرب المدينة. معجم البدان ٥/ ٣٠١.","vol":"17","page":30},{"text":"مِنهُم عن الإِسلامِ، ثُمَّ يَسيرَ إلَى اليَمامَةِ فيُقاتِلَ مُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذّابَ، فسارَ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ فقاتَلَ طُلَيحَةَ الكَذّابَ الأسَدِيَّ فهَزَمَه اللَّهُ، وكانَ قَدِ اتَّبَعَه عُيَينَةُ بن حِصْنِ بنِ حُذَيفَةَ يَعنِي الفَزارِيَّ، فلَمّا رأى طُلَيحَةُ كَثرَةَ انهِزامِ أصحابِه قال: ويلَكُم ما يَهزِمُكُم؟! قال رَجُلٌ مِنهُم: أنا أُحَدِّثُكَ ما يَهزِمُنا؛ إنَّه لَيسَ مِنّا رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وهو يُحِبُّ أن يَموتَ صاحِبُه قَبلَه، وإِنّا لَنَلقَى قَومًا كُلُّهُم يُحِبُّ أن يَموتَ قبلَ صاحِبِه، وكانَ طُلَيحَةُ شَديدَ البأْسِ في القِتالِ؛ فقَتَلَ طُلَيحَةُ يَومَئذٍ عُكّاشَةَ بنَ مِحصَنٍ وابنَ أقرَمَ، فلَمّا غَلَبَ الحَقُّ طُلَيحَةَ تَرَجَّلَ (^١) ثُمَّ أسلَمَ، وأهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ فرَكِبَ يَسيرُ في النّاسِ آمِنًا حَتَّى مَرَّ بِأَبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالمَدينَة، ثُمَّ (^٢) نَفَذَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فقَضَى عُمرَتَه، ومَضَى خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ قِبَلَ اليَمامَةِ حَتَّى دَنا مِن حَيٍّ مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ، فيهِم مالكُ بن نوَيرَةَ، وكانَ قَد صَدَّقَ قَومَه، فلَمّا توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللَّه - ﷺ - أمسَكَ الصَّدَقَةَ، فبَعَثَ إلَيه خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ - ﵁ - سَريَّةً. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِ مالكِ بنِ نوَيرَةَ قال: ومَضَى خالِدٌ قِبَلَ اليَمامَةِ حَتَّى قاتَلَ مُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذّابَ ومَن مَعَه مِن بَنِي حَنيفَةَ، فاستَشهَدَ اللَّهُ مِن أصحابِ خالِدٍ أُناسًا كَثيرًا مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ، وهَزَمَ اللَّهُ مُسَيلِمَةَ ومَن مَعَه، وقَتَلَ مُسَيلِمَةَ يَومَئذٍ مَولًى مِن مَوالِي قُرَيشٍ يُقالَ له: وحشِيٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وسيأتي بلفظ: \"ترحل\".\n(^٢) من هنا سقط في المخطوط (س)، وينتهى في (١٧٠٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٥/ ١٦٢، ١٦٣ من طريق أبي الحسين به، إلى قوله: \"فقضى عمرته\". وسيأتي في (١٦٨٤٠).","vol":"17","page":31},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانِيُّ وعيسَى بن محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن حَسَنٍ (^١) الصَّنعانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن وهبٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بُزُرْجَ (^٢) قال: خَرَجَ أسوَدُ الكَذَّابُ وكانَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي عَنْسٍ، وكانَ مَعَه شَيطانانِ يُقالُ لأحَدِهِما: سُحَيقٌ. والآخَرِ: شُقَيقٌ. وكانا يُخبِرانِه بكُلِّ شَئٍ يَحدُثُ مِن أمرِ النَّاس، فسارَ الأسوَدُ حَتَّى أخَذَ ذِمارَ (^٣). فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً في شأْنِه وتَزَوُّجِه بالمَرزُبانَةِ امرأةِ باذانَ، وأنَّها سَقَته خَمرًا صِرفًا حَتَّى سَكِرَ فدَخَلَ في فِراشِ باذانَ، وكانَ مِن ريشٍ فانقَلَبَ عَلَيه الفِراشُ، ودَخَلَ فيروزُ وخُرَّزاذُ بن بُزُرْجَ (^٤) فأشارَت إلَيهِما المَرأةُ أنَّه في الفِراش، وتَناوَلَ فيروزُ برأسِه ولِحيَتِه فعَصَرَ عُنُقَه فدَقَّها، وطَعَنَه ابنُ بُزُرجَ (^٤) بالخَنجَرِ فشَقَّه مِن تَرْقُوَتِه إلَى عانَتِه، ثُمَّ احتَزَّ رأسَه، وخَرَجوا وأخرَجوا المَرأةَ مَعَهُم وما أحَبُّوا مِن مَتاعِ البَيتِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّة أُخرَى وفيها قُدومُ فيروزَ على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وَإِنَّه قال لِفَيروزَ: كَيفَ قَتَلتَ الكَذَّابَ؟ قال: اللهُ قتلَه يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: نَعَم، ولَكِن أخبِرْنِي. فَقَصَّ عَلَيه القِصَّةَ، ورَجَعَ فيروزُ إلَى اليَمَنِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"بززج\"، وفي ص ٨: \"بزرخ\". وينظر القاموس ١/ ١٧٨ (بزرج)، والإصابة ١١/ ٧٧، ١٦٤.\n(^٣) ذمار: مدينة بجنوب اليمن لا زالت قائمة بين مأرب وعدن، ويصلها طريق بكل منهما، وهي من بلاد عنس بن مذحج إلى اليوم. المعالم الجغرافية ص ١٣٢.\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"بززج\"، ص ٨: \"برزج\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٣٥، ٣٣٦. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٤٩/ ١٠ - ١٦ من طريق أبي الحسين به مطولًا.","vol":"17","page":32},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3584>بابُ ما جاءَ في قِتالِ الضَّربِ الثّانِي مِن أهلِ الرِّدَّةِ بعدَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ </span>-\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وهُم قَومٌ تَمَسَّكوا بالإِسلامِ ومَنَعوا الصَّدَقاتِ (^١). واحتَجَّ في ذَلِكَ بقَضيَّةِ (^٢) أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ -.\n\n١٦٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لَمَّا توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - واستُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بَعدَه، وكَفَرَ مَن كَفَرَ مِنَ العَرَبِ؛ قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - لأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ -: كَيفَ تُقاتِلُ (^٣) النّاسَ وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إِلّا اللهُ. فقَد عَصَمَ مِنِّي مالَه ونَفسَه إِلَّا بحَقِّه، وحِسابُه على اللَّهِ\"؟ فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: لأُقاتِلَنَّ مَن فَرَّقَ بَينَ الصَّلاةِ والزَّكَاةِ؛ فإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ المال، واللهِ لَو مَنَعونِي عِقالًا (^٤) كانوا يُؤَدُّونَه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَقاتَلتُهُم على مَنعِه. قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: فواللهِ ما هو إلَّا أن رأيتُ اللهَ قَد شَرَحَ صَدرَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢١٥.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"بقصة\".\n(^٣) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"نقاتل\".\n(^٤) العقال: الحبل الذي تشد به الإبل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٠.","vol":"17","page":33},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ لِلقِتال، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٠٩ - ورَوَى الشّافِعِيُّ وغَيرُه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال لأبِي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ -: ألَيسَ قَد قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النَّاسَ حتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. فإِذا قالوها عَصَموا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهُم إِلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\"؟! فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: هذا مِن حَقِّها، لا تُفَرِّقوا بَينَ ما جَمَعَ اللهُ، لَو مَنَعونِي عَناقًا (^٣) مِمَّا أَعطَوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قاتَلتُهُم عَلَيهِ. أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه، إلَّا أنَّه سَقَطَ مِنه قَولُه: لا تُفَرِّقوا بَينَ ما جَمَعَ اللهُ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ الإمامُ ﵀: واحتَجَّ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ - ﵁ - في هذا الحَديثِ بشَيئَينِ (^٥)؛ أحَدُهُما: أن قال: قَد قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إِلَّا بحَقِّها\". وهَذا مِن حَقِّها. والآخَرُ: أن قال: لا تُفَرِّقوا بَينَ ما جَمَعَ اللَّهُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٠٢٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٥٦)، والترمذي (٢٦٠٧)، والنسائي (٢٤٤٢)، وابن حبان (٢١٧) من طريق قتيبة به. وتقدم في (٧٣٩٩، ٧٤٥٢، ١٣٢٤٤). وسيأتي في (١٨٦٦٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٠/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) العناق: الأنثى من المعز. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٢.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٥٠٧)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٣٣)، وابن أبي عمر في الإيمان (٢١) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه، دون ذكر عمر.\n(^٥) ليس في: م.","vol":"17","page":34},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يَعنِي، فيما أرَى واللَّهُ أعلمُ، أنَّه مُجاهِدُهُم على الصلاةِ وأنَّ الزَّكاةَ مِثلُها. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: ولَعَلَّ مَذهَبَه فيه أن اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ﴾ [البينة: ٥]، وأنَّ اللَّهَ فرَضَ عَلَيهِم شَهادَةَ الحَقِّ والصِّلاةَ والزَّكاةَ، وأنَّه مَتَى مَنَعَ فرضًا قَد لَزِمَه لَم يُترَكْ ومَنْعَه حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَه أو يُقتَلَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأمّا قَولُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: فواللهِ ما هو إلَّا أنِّي رأيتُ اللَّهَ قَد شَرَحَ صَدرَ أبي بكرٍ لِلقِتال، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ. يُريدُ: أنَّه انشِراحُ (^٢) صَدرِه بالحُجَّةِ التي أدلَى بها، والبُرهانِ الَّذِي أقامَه. وقالَ بَعضُ أئمَّتِنا ﵏: قَد وقَعَ اختِصارٌ في رِوايَةِ هذا الحَديث، وقَد صَحَّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن أوجُهٍ كَثيرَةٍ أنَّه أمَرَ بالقِتالِ على الشَّهادَتَين، وعَلَى إقامِ الصلاة، وإيتاءِ الزَّكاة، فأبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ - ﵁ - إنَّما قاتَلَ مانِعِي الزَّكاةِ بالنَّصِّ مَعَ ما ذَكَرَ مِنَ الدَّلالَة، وعُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - إنَّما سَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ له حينَ قامَت عَلَيه الحُجَّةُ بما رَوَى فيه مِنَ النَّصِّ وذَكَرَ فيه مِنَ الدَّلالَة، لا أنَّه قَلَّدَه فيهِ.\n\n١٦٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ الكِلابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ بن داوَرٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعمَرُ بن راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ارتَدَّتِ العَرَبُ. قال: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢١٥.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"انشرح\".","vol":"17","page":35},{"text":"عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا أبا بكرٍ، أتُريدُ أن تُقاتِلَ العَرَبَ؟ قال: فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: إنَّما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وأنِّي رسولُ اللَّه، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ ويُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ\". واللهِ لَو مَنَعونِي عَناقًا مِمَّا كانوا يُعطُونَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأُقاتِلَنَّهُم عَلَيه. قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: فلَمّا رأيتُ رأْيَ أبي بكرٍ قَد شُرِحَ عَلَيه، عَلِمتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ (^١).\n\n١٦٨١١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَة، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العَنبَسِ سعيدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتُوا الزَّكاةَ، ثُمَّ حَرُمَت علَيَّ دِماؤُهُم وأموالُهُم، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ تَعالَى\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ (^٣) محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّاب، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بن القاسِم، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٦، ٣٨٧ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وفيه: داود. بدل: داور. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٩٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٤٧) من طريق عمرو بن عاصم به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٧. وتقدم في (١٣٢٤٧).\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٩.","vol":"17","page":36},{"text":"لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ. ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويؤتوا الزّكاةَ، فإذا فعَلوا مَنَعوا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إِلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللّهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ المُسنَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرَمِيُّ بن عُمارَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن واقِدِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّه، ويُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، ويُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ، فإذا فعَلوا ذَلِك عَصَموا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إِلَّا بحَقِّ الإِسلام، وحِسابُهُم على اللهَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن المُسنَدِيِّ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن [وجهٍ آخَرَ] (^٣) عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَنْ يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٥٤] كُلّها. قال: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ وقَد عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أنَّه سَيَرتَدُّ مُرتَدُّونَ مِنَ النّاس، فلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللهُ رسولَه - ﷺ - ارتَدَّ النّاسُ عن الإِسلامِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٢٤٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٥٧٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"أوجه\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٢/ ٣٦). وتقدم عقب (٦٥٧٥).","vol":"17","page":37},{"text":"إلَّا ثَلاثَةَ مَساجِدَ؛ أهلُ المَدينَة، وأهلُ مَكَّةَ، وأهلُ جُواثا مِن أهلِ البحرَينِ مِن عبد القَيس، وقالَتِ العَرَبُ: أمَّا الصَّلاةُ فنُصَلِّي، وأمَّا الزَّكاةُ فواللهِ لا تُغصبُ أموالُنا. فكُلِّمَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - أن يَتَجاوَزَ عَنهُم ويُخَلِّيَ عَنهُم، وقيلَ له: إنَّهُم لَو قَد فقِهوا لأَعطَوُا الزَّكَاةَ طائعينَ. فأبَى عَلَيهِم أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - قال: واللهِ لا أُفَرِّقُ بَينَ شَئٍ جَمَعَ اللهُ بَينَه، واللهِ لَو مَنَعونِي عَناقًا مِمّا فرَضَ اللهُ ورسولُه لَقاتَلتُهُم عَلَيه. فبَعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم عَصائبَ، فقاتَلوا على ما قاتَلَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أقَرُّوا بالماعون، وهِيَ الزَّكاةُ المَفروضَةُ، ثُمَّ إنَّ وفدَ العَرَب قَدِموا عَلَيه فخَيَّرَهُم بَينَ خُطَّةٍ مُخزيَةٍ أو حَربٍ مُجلِيَةٍ، فاختاروا الخُطَّةَ، وكانَت أهوَنَ عَلَيهِم أن يَشهَدوا أن قَتلاهُم في النَّارِ وقَتلَى المُسلِمينَ في الجَنَّة، وما أصابَ المُسلِمونَ مِن أموالِهِم فهو حَلالٌ، وما أصابوا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رَدُّوه عَلَيهِم (^١).\n\n١٦٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بن نافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَفوانُ بن عمرٍو، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ - ﵁ - كان جَهَّزَ بعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - جُيوشًا على بَعضِها شُرَحبيلُ ابنُ حَسَنَةَ ويَزيدُ بن أبي سُفيانَ وعَمرُو بن العاص، فساروا حَتَّى نَزَلوا الشَّامَ، فجَمَعَت لَهُمُ الرُّومُ جُموعًا عَظيمَةً، فحُدِّثَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بذَلِكَ، فأرسَلَ إلَى خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ وهو بالعِراق، أو كَتَبَ أن: انصَرِفْ بثَلاثَةِ آلافِ فارِسٍ فأمِدَّ إخوانَكَ بالشّام،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٥٢٠ من طريق سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٢٩٠: هو من مراسيل قتادة.","vol":"17","page":38},{"text":"والعَجَلَ العَجَلَ. فأقبَلَ خالِدٌ مُغِذًّا جَوَادًا (^١)، فاشتَقَّ الأرضَ بمَن مَعَه حَتَّى خَرَجَ إلَى ضُمَيرٍ (^٢)، فوَجَدَ المُسلِمينَ مُعَسكِرينَ بالجابيَةِ (^٣)، وتَسامَعَ الأعرابُ الَّذينَ كانوا في مَملَكَةِ الرّومِ بخالِدٍ؛ ففَزِعوا له، ففِي ذَلِكَ يقولُ قائلُهُم:\nأَلَا يا اصْبِحِينا قَبْلَ خَيلِ أبي بكرِ ... لَعَلَّ مَنايانا قَريبٌ وما نَدرِي (^٤)\n\n١٦٨١٦ - وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ ﵀ في \"المبسوط\":\nأَلَا فاصْبِحيْنا قَبْلَ نائرَةِ الفَجرِ (^٥) ... لَعَل مَنايانا قَريبٌ وما نَدرِي\nأطَعْنا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما كان وسْطَنا ... فيا عَجَبًا ما بالُ مُلكِ أبي بكرِ\nفإِنَّ الَّذِي سالُوكُمُ فمَنَعتُمُ ... لَكَالتَّمرِ أو أحلَى إلَيهِمْ مِنَ التَّمرِ\nسَنَمنَعُهُمْ ما كان فينا بَقيَّةٌ ... كِرامٌ على العَزّاءِ (^٦) في ساعَةِ العُسْرِ\nوهَذا فيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباس، عن الرَّبيع، عن الشّافِعِيِّ. فذَكَرَ هذه الأبياتَ، قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قالوا لأَبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بعدَ الإِسارِ: ما كَفَرنا بعدَ إيمانِنا، ولَكِن شَحَحنا على أموالِنا (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) كتب عليها في الأصل: \"كذا\". ومغذا جوادا: مسرعا مثل فرس جواد. المغرب ٢/ ٩٨.\n(^٢) ضُمير: موضع قرب دمشق، قيل: هو قرية وحصن في آخر حدود دمشق مما يلي السماوة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٤٨١.\n(^٣) الجابية: قرية من أعمال دمشق. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٩١.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢/ ٨٠، ٨١ من طريق المصنّف وغيره عن أبي الحسين به.\n(^٥) نائرة الفجر: ضوء الفجر وانفلاقه. الزاهر في غريب ألفاظ الشافعي ص ٣٧٥.\n(^٦) العزاء: شدة الزمان والمحل. المصدر السابق نفس الموضع.\n(^٧) الأم ٤/ ٢١٥.","vol":"17","page":39},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3585>بابٌ: لَا يُبدأُ الخَوارِجُ بالقِتالِ حَتَّى يسألوا ما نَقَموا ثُمَّ يُؤمَروا بالعَودِ ثُمَّ يُؤذَنُوا بالحَربِ</span>\n\n١٦٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي طَلحَةُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ قال: كان أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يأمُرُ أُمَراءَه حينَ كان يَبعَثُهُم في الرَدَّةِ: إذا غَشِيتُم دارًا فإِن سَمِعتُم بها أذانًا بالصَّلاةِ فكُفُّوا حَتَّى تَسألوهُم ماذا نَقَموا، فإِن لَم تَسمَعوا أذانًا فشُنّوها غارَةً واقتُلوا وحَرِّقوا، وانهَكوا في القَتلِ والجِراح، لا يُرَى بكُم وهْنٌ لِمَوتِ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ -.\n\n١٦٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ أحمدَ الفَقيهُ بالطَّابَران، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الصَّوَّاف، حَدَّثَنَا أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زيادٌ البَكائيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَرِّفُ بن طَريفٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ الجَهمِ أبي الجَهمِ مَولَى البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: بَعَثَني عليٌّ - ﵁ - إلَى النَّهَرِ إلَى الخَوارِج، فدَعَوتُهُم ثَلاثًا قبلَ أن نُقاتِلَهُم (^١).\n\n١٦٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُمَيَّةَ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الطَّرَسُوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٢١١)، وفيه: أبو الحسن بن محمد. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢١٢ من طريق مطرف بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":40},{"text":"عُمَرُ بن يونُسَ بنِ القاسِمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ اليَمامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ العِجلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو زُمَيلٍ سِماكٌ الحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن عباسٍ قال: لَمّا خَرَجَتِ الحَرورِيَّةُ اجتَمَعوا في دارٍ وهُم سِتَّةُ آلافٍ، أتَيتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أَبْرِدْ بالظُّهرِ لَعَلِّي آتِي هَؤُلاءِ القَومَ فأُكَلِّمَهُم. قال: إنِّي أخافُ عَلَيكَ. قال: قُلتُ: كَلَّا. قال: فخَرَجتُ آتيهُم، ولَبِستُ أحسَنَ ما يَكونُ مِن حُلَلِ اليَمَن، فأتَيتُهُم وهُم مُجتَمِعونَ في دارٍ وهُم قائلونَ، فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيهِم فقالوا: مَرحَبًا بكَ يا أبا عباسٍ، فما هذه الحُلَّةُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: ما تَعيبونَ علَيَّ؟ لَقَد رأيتُ علَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ ما يَكونُ مِنَ الحُلَل، ونَزَلَت: ﴿قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِهِ وَالطَّيِّبَاتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ﴾ [الأعراف: ٣٢]. قالوا: فما جاءَ بكَ؟ قُلتُ: أتَيتُكُم مِن عِندِ صَحابَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأَنصار، لأُبلِغَكُم ما يَقولونَ، وتُخبِرونِي بما تَقولونَ، فعَلَيهِم نَزَلَ القُرآنُ، وهُم أعلمُ بالوَحي مِنكُم، وفيهِم أُنزِلَ، ولَيسَ فيكُم مِنهُم أحَدٌ. فقالَ بَعضُهُم: لا تُخاصِموا قُرَيشًا، فإِنَّ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٥٨]. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: وأتَيتُ قَومًا لَم أرَ قَومًا قَط أشَدَّ اجتِهادًا مِنهُم، مُسَهَّمَةٌ وُجوهُهُم مِنَ السَّهَر، كأنَ أيديَهُم ورُكَبَهُم ثَفِنٌ، عَلَيهِم قُمُصٌ مُرَخَصَّة. فقال بَعضُهُم: لَنُكَلَمَنَّه ولَنَنظُرَنَّ ما يَقولُ. قُلتُ: أَخبِرونِي ماذا نَقَمتُم على ابنِ عَمِّ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وصِهرِه والمُهاجِرينَ والأَنصارِ؟ قالوا: ثَلاثًا. قُلتُ: ما هُنَّ؟ قالو ا: أنها إحداهُنَّ فإِنَّه حَكَّمَ الرِّجالَ في أمرِ اللَّه، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ٥٧]. وما لِلرِّجالِ","vol":"17","page":41},{"text":"وما لِلحُكمِ؟ فقُلتُ: هذه واحِدَةٌ. قالوا: وأمّا الأُخرَى فإِنَّه قاتَلَ ولَم يَسبِ ولَم يَغنَمْ، فلَئن كان الَّذينَ قاتَلَ كُفّارًا لَقَد حَلَّ سَبيُهُم وغَنيمَتُهُم، وإِن كانوا مُؤمِنينَ ما حَلَّ قِتالُهُم. قُلتُ: هذه ثِنتان، فما الثّالِثَةُ؟ قالوا: إنَّه مَحا اسمَه مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فهو أميرُ الكافِرينَ! قُلتُ: أعِندَكُم سِوَى هَذا؟ قالوا: حَسبُنا هَذا. فقُلتُ لَهُم: أرأيتُم إن قَرأْتُ عَلَيكُم مِن كِتابِ اللهِ ومِن سُنَّةِ نَبيِّه - ﷺ - ما يُرَدُّ به قَولُكُم، أتَرضَونَ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. فقُلتُ لَهُم: أمَّا قَولُكُم: حَكَمَ الرِّجالَ في أمرِ اللهِ. فأنا أقرأُ عَلَيكُم ما قَد رُدَّ حُكمُه إلَى الرِّجالِ في ثَمَنِ رُبُعِ دِرهَمٍ في أرنَبٍ أو (^١) نَحوِها مِنَ الصَّيد، فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٥]. فنَشَدتُكُم باللَّه، أحُكمُ الرِّجالِ في أرنَبٍ ونَحوِها مِنَ الصَّيدِ أفضَلُ، أم حُكمُهُم في دِمائهِم وإِصلاحِ ذاتِ بَينِهِم؟! وأن تَعلَموا أنَّ اللهَ لَو شاءَ لَحَكَمَ ولَم يُصَيِّرْ ذَلِكَ إلَى الرِّجال، وفِي المَرأةِ وزَوجِها قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ [النساء: ٣٥]. فجَعَلَ اللهُ حُكمَ الرجالِ سُنَّةً ماضيَةً، أخَرَجتُ مِن هَذِهِ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: وأمّا قَولُكُم: قاتَلَ فلَم يَسبِ ولَم يَغنَمْ. أتَسْبُونَ أُمَّكُم عائشَةَ ثُمَّ تَستَحِلّونَ مِنها ما يُستَحَلُّ مِن غَيرِها؟! فلَئن فعَلتُم لَقَد كَفَرتُم، وهِيَ أُمُّكُم، ولَئن قُلتُم: لَيسَت بأُمِّنا. لَقَد كَفَرتُم؟ فإِنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٦]. فأنتُم تَدورونَ بَينَ ضَلالَتَينِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"و\".","vol":"17","page":42},{"text":"أيَّهُما صرتُم إلَيها صرتُم إلَى ضَلالَةٍ. فنَظَرَ بَعضُهُم إلَى بَعضٍ، قُلتُ: أخَرَجتُ مِن هَذِهِ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. وأمّا قَولُكُم: مَحا نَفسَه مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ. فأنا آتيكُم بمَن تَرضَونَ، أُرَيَكم (^١) قَد سَمِعتُم أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ كاتَبَ المُشرِكينَ سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو وأبا سُفيانَ بنَ حَربٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأَميرِ المُؤمِنينَ: \"اكتُبْ يا عليُّ: هذا ما اصطَلَحَ عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللَّهِ؟. فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: لا، واللهِ ما نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُ اللَّه، لَو نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ ما قاتَلناكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ تَعلَمُ أنِّي رسولُكَ، اكتُبْ يا عليُّ: هذا ما اصطَلَحَ عَلَيه محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ\". فواللَّهِ لَرسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيرٌ مِن عليٍّ، وما أخرَجَه مِنَ النُّبوَّةِ حينَ مَحا نَفسَه. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عباسٍ: فرَجَعَ مِنَ القَومِ ألفان، وقُتِلَ سائرُهُم على ضَلالَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمْشاذَ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ السَّدوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سُلَيبم وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ قال: قَدِمتُ على عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فبَينا نَحنُ جُلوسٌ عِندَها - مَرجِعَها مِنَ العِراقِ لَيالِيَ قُوتِلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - إذ قالَت لِي: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ شَدّادٍ، هَل أنتَ صادِقِي عَمّا أسألُكَ عنه؟ حَدِّثْنِي عن هَؤُلاءِ القَومِ الَّذينَ قَتَلَهُم عليٌّ. قُلتُ: وما لِي لا أصدُقُكِ! قالَت: فحَدِّثْنِي عن قِصتِهِم. قُلتُ: إنَّ عَليًّا لَمّا\n_________\n(^١) أريكم: أظنكم. ينظر المغرب ١/ ٣١٤ (ر أ ى).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٠ - ١٥٢، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٣٧) من طريق عمر بن يونس به مختصرًا.","vol":"17","page":43},{"text":"أن كاتَبَ مُعاويَةَ، وحَكَّمَ الحَكَمَين، خَرَجَ عَلَيه ثَمانيَةُ آلافٍ مِن قُرَّاءِ النّاس، فنَزَلوا أرضًا مِن جانِبِ الكوفَةِ يُقالُ لها: حَروراءُ. وإِنَّهُم أنكَروا عَلَيه فقالوا: انسَلَختَ مِن قَميصٍ ألبَسَكَه اللهُ وأسماكَ به، ثُمَّ انطَلَقتَ فحَكَمتَ في دينِ اللَّه، ولا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ. فلَمَّا أن بَلَغَ عَليًّا ما عَتَبوا عَلَيه وفارَقوه؛ أمَرَ فأذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ: لا يَدخُلَنَّ على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ إلَّا رَجُلٌ قَد حَمَلَ القُرآنَ. فلَمّا أن امتَلأَ مِن قُرَّاءِ النّاس، الدّارُ؛ دَعا بمُصحَفٍ عَظيمٍ، فوَضَعَه عليٌّ - ﵁ - بَينَ يَدَيه، فطَفِقَ يَصُكُّه بيَدِه ويَقولُ: أيُّها المُصحَفُ حَدِّثِ النّاسَ. فناداه النَّاسُ فقالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما تَسألُه عنه؟ إنَّما هو ورَقٌ ومِدادٌ ونَحنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رُوِّينا مِنه، فماذا تُريدُ؟ قال: أصحابُكُمُ الَّذينَ خَرَجوا بَينِي وبَينَهُم كِتابُ اللهِ تَعالَى؛ يقولُ الله ﷿ في امرأةٍ ورَجُلٍ: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ﴾ [النساء: ٣٥]. فأُمَّةُ محمدٍ - ﷺ - أعظَمُ حُرمَةً مِنِ امرأةٍ ورَجُلٍ، ونَقَموا علَيَّ أنِّي كاتَبتُ مُعاويَةَ وكَتَبتُ: عليّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ. وقَد جاءَ سُهَيلُ بن عَمْرٍو ونَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالحُدَيبيَةِ حينَ صالَحَ قَومَه قُرَيشًا، فكَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الزحيمِ\". فقالَ سُهَيلٌ: لا تكتُبْ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ. قُلتُ: فكَيفَ أكتُبُ؟ قال: اكتُبْ باسمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اكتُبْه\". ثُمَّ قال: \"اكتُبْ: مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ\". فقالَ: لَو نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ لَم نُخالِفْكَ. فكَتَبَ: \"هذا ما صالَحَ عَلَيه محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ قُرَيشًا\". يقولُ اللَّهُ في كِتابِه: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١] فبَعَثَ إلَيهِم عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ،","vol":"17","page":44},{"text":"فخَرَجتُ مَعَه، حَتَّى إذا تَوَسَّطنا عَسكَرَهُم قامَ ابنُ الكَوّاءِ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: يا حَمَلَةَ القُرآن، إنَّ هذا عبدُ اللهِ بن عباسٍ، فمَن لَم يَكُنْ يَعرِفُه فأنا أعرِفُه مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ هذا مَنْ نَزَلَ فيه وفِي قَومِه: ﴿بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٥٨]. فرُدّوه إلَى صاحِبِه ولا تُواضِعوه كِتابَ اللهِ ﷿. قال: فقامَ خُطَباؤُهُم فقالوا: واللهِ لَنواضِعَنَّه كِتابَ اللَّه، فإِذا جاءَنا بحَق نَعرِفُه اتَّبَعناه، ولَئن جاءَنا بالباطِلِ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّه بباطِلِه، ولَنَرُدَّنَّه إلَى صاحِبِه. فواضَعوه على كِتابِ اللَّهِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، فرَجَعَ مِنهُم أربَعَةُ آلافٍ كُلُّهُم تائبٌ، فأقبَلَ بهِمُ ابنُ الكَوّاءِ حَتَّى أدخَلَهُم على عليٍّ - ﵁ -، فبَعَثَ عليٌّ إلَى بَقيَّتِهِم فقالَ: قَد كان مِن أمرِنا وأمرِ النّاسِ ما قَد رأيتُم، قِفوا حَيثُ شِئتُم حَتَّى تَجتَمِعَ أُمَّةُ محمدٍ - ﷺ -، وتَنزِلوا فيها حَيثُ شِئتُم، بَينَنا وبَينَكُم أن نَقِيَكُم رِماحَنا ما لَم تَقطَعوا سَبيلًا أو (^١) تَطلُبوا دَمًا، فإنَّكُم إن فعَلتُم ذَلِكَ فقَد نَبَذْنا إلَيكُم الحَربَ على سَواءٍ، إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الخائنينَ. فقالَت له عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: يا ابنَ شَدّادٍ، فقَد قَتَلَهُم. فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما بَعَثَ إلَيهِم حَتَّى قَطَعوا السَّبيلَ، وسَفَكوا الدِّماءَ، وقَتَلوا ابنَ خَبّابٍ، واستَحَلّوا أهلَ الذِّمَّةِ. فقالَت: اللهِ؟ قُلتُ: اللهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو لَقَد كان! قالَت: فما شَئٌ بَلَغَنِي عن أهلِ العِراقِ يَتَحَدَّثونَ به؛ يَقولونَ: ذو الثُّدَيّ، ذو الثُّدَيِّ؟ قُلتُ: قَد رأيتُه ووَقَفتُ عَلَيه مَعَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - في القَتلَي، فدَعا النّاسَ فقالَ: هَل تَعرِفونَ هذا؟ فما أكثَرَ مَن جاءَ يقولُ: قَد رأيتُه في مَسجِدِ بَنِي فُلانٍ يُصَلِّي، ورأيتُه في مَسجِدِ بَنِي فُلانٍ يُصلِّي! فلَم يأْتوا بثَبَتٍ يُعرَفُ إلَّا ذَلِكَ. قالَت: فما قَولُ عليٍّ حينَ قامَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"و\".","vol":"17","page":45},{"text":"عَلَيه - كما يَزعُمُ - أهلُ العِراقِ؟ قُلتُ: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ ورسولُه. قالَت: فهَل سَمِعتَ أنتَ مِنه قال غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ قُلتُ: اللَّهمَّ لا! قالَت: أجَلْ، صَدَقَ اللهُ ورسولُه، يَرحَمُ اللهُ عَليًّا! إنَّه مِن كَلامِه، كان لا يَرَى شَيئًا يُعجِبُه إلَّا قال: صَدَق اللهُ ورسولُه (^١).\n\n١٦٨٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ عبدَةَ السَّلِيطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ قال: عُرِضَ على مُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِيّ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن ابنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عياضٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهاد، أنَّه دَخَل على عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، ونَحنُ عِندَها، مَرجِعَه مِنَ العِراقِ لَيالِيَ قُتِلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ الإمامُ ﵀: حَديثُ الثُّدَيَّةِ حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ قَد ذَكَرناه فيما مَضى (^٣)، ويَجوزُ ألَّا يَسمَعَه ابنُ شَدَّادٍ وسَمِعَه غَيرُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جوَيريَةُ بن أسماءَ قال: أُراه عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٢ - ١٥٤، وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٦)، وأبو يعلى (٤٧٤) من طريق ابن خثيم بنحوه، وعندهما: عبيد الله بن عياض.\nبدل: ابن عبد الله بن عياض. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٣٧: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٧٧٨).","vol":"17","page":46},{"text":"عَمِّي، أو عَمٌّ لِي قال: لَمّا تَواقَفْنا يَومَ الجَمَل، وقَد كان عليٌّ - ﵁ - حينَ صَفَّنا نادَى في النّاسِ: لا يَرميَنَّ رَجُلٌ بسَهمٍ، ولا يَطْعُنْ برُمحٍ، ولا يَضرِبْ بسَيفٍ، ولا تَبدَءوا القَومَ بالقِتال، وكَلِّموهُم بألطَفِ الكَلامِ. وأظُنُّه قال: فإِنَّ هذا مَقامٌ مَن فلَجَ (^١) فيه فلَجَ يَومَ القيامَةِ. فلَم نَزَل وُقوفًا حَتَّى تَعالَى النَّهارُ، حَتَّى نادَى القَومُ بأجمَعِهِم: يا ثاراتِ عثمانَ - ﵁ -. فنادى عليٌّ - ﵁ - محمدَ ابنَ الحَنَفيَّةِ وهو أمامَنا ومَعَه اللِّواءُ فقالَ: يا ابنَ الحَنَفيَّة، ما يَقولونَ؟ فأقبَلَ عَلَينا محمدُ ابنُ الحَنَفيَّةَ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، يا ثاراتِ عثمانَ. فرَفَعَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - يَدَيه فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ كُبَّ اليَومَ قَتَلَةَ عثمانَ لِوُجوهِهِم (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ الحُرفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بن إبراهيمَ مِن ولَدِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ذِي الجَناحَين، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - لَم يُقاتِلْ أهلَ الجَمَلِ حَتَّى دَعا النّاسَ ثَلاثًا، حَتَّى إذا كان يَومُ الثّالِثِ دَخَلَ عَلَيه الحَسَنُ والحُسَينُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ - ﵃ - فقالوا: قَد أكثَروا فينا الجِراحَ. فقالَ يا ابنَ أخِ: واللهِ ما جَهِلتُ شَيئًا مِن أمرِهِم إلَّا ما كانوا فيه. وقالَ: صُبَّ لِي ماءً. فصبَّ له ماءً فتَوَضّأ به ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكعَتَين، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ رَفَعَ يَدَيه ودَعا رَبَّه، وقالَ لَهُم: إن ظَهَرتُم على القَومِ فلا تَطلُبوا\n_________\n(^١) فَلَج: ظفر وفاز. اللسان ٢/ ٣٤٧ (ف ل ج).\n(^٢) أبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع مصنفاته (٣٨٧)، وفيه: فلح. بدل: فلج. وأخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٣٧١ من طريق جويرية بن أسماء به.","vol":"17","page":47},{"text":"مُدبِرًا، ولا تُجيزوا على جَريحٍ (^١)، وانظُروا ما حُضِرَت به الحَربُ مِن آنيَةٍ فاقبِضوه، وما كان سِوَى ذَلِكَ فهو لِوَرَثَتِهِ.\nقال ﵀: هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه لَم يأْخُذْ شَيئًا ولَم يَسلُبْ قَتيلًا.\n\n١٦٨٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَي، أخبرَنا أبو مَيمونَةَ، عن أبي بَشيرٍ الشَّيبانِيِّ في قِصَّةِ حَربِ الجَمَلِ قال: فاجتَمَعوا بالبَصرَةِ فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: مَن يأخُذُ المُصحَفَ ثُمَّ يقولُ لَهُم: ماذا تَنقِمونَ؟ تُريقونَ دِماءَنا ودِماءَكُم؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قالَ: إنَّكَ مَقتولٌ. قال: لا أُبالِي. قال: خُذِ المُصحَفَ. قالَ: فذَهَبَ إلَيهِم فقَتَلوه. ثُمَّ قال مِنَ الغَدِ مِثلَ ما قال بالأمسِ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا. قال: إنَّكَ مَقتول كما قُتِلَ صاحِبُكَ. قال: لا أُبالِي. قال: فذَهَبَ فقُتِلَ. ثُمَّ قُتِلَ آخِرَ كُلِّ يَومٍ واحِدٌ. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: قَد حَلَّ لَكُم قِتالُهُمُ الآنَ. قال: فبَرَزَ هَؤُلاءِ وهَؤُلاء، فاقتَتَلوا قِتالًا شَديدًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال أبو بَشيرٍ: فرَدَّ عَلَيهِم ما كان في العَسكَرِ حَتَّى القِدرَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3586>بابٌ: أهلُ البَغيِ إذا فاءوا لَم يُتبَعْ مُدبِرُهُم، ولَم يُقَتَلْ أَسيرُهُم، ولَم يُجهَزْ على جَريحِهِم، ولَم يُستَمتَعْ بشَئٍ مِن أموالِهِم</span>\n\n١٦٨٢٥ - فيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ وأظُنُّه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: دَخَلتُ على\n_________\n(^١) أجاز عليه، لغة في: أجهز عليه: أي: أثبت قتله. ينظر التاج ١٥/ ٨٨، ٩٠ (ج وز، ج هـ ز).","vol":"17","page":48},{"text":"مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ فقالَ: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا أكرَمَ غَلَبَةً مِن أبيكَ، ما هو إلَّا أن ولَّينا يَومَ الجَمَل، فنادَى مُنادِيه: لا يُقتَلُ مُدبِرٌ، ولا يُذَفَّفُ (^١) على جَريحٍ. قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ لِلدَّراوَرْدِيِّ فقالَ: ما أحفَظَه! تَعَجَّبَ لِحِفظِه. هَكَذا ذَكَرَه جَعفَرٌ بهَذا الإِسنادِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٢٦ - قال الدَّراوَردِيُّ: أخبرَنا جَعفَر، عن أبيه، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان لا يأْخُذُ سَلَبًا، وأنَّه كان يُباشِرُ القِتالَ بنَفسِه، وأنَّه كان لا يُذَفِّفُ (^٣) على جَريحٍ، ولا يَقتُلُ مُدبِرًا (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: أمَرَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - مُنادِيَه فنادَى يَومَ البَصرَةِ: لا يُتبَعُ مُدبِر، ولا يُذَفَّفُ على جَريحٍ، ولا يُقتَلُ أسيرٌ، ومَن أغلَقَ بابَه فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن ألقَى سِلاحَه فهو آمِنٌ. ولَم يأْخُذْ مِن مَتاعِهِم شَيئًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، ومعرفة السنن والآثار: \"يدفف\". ويقال: ذففت عليه تذفيفا: إذا أجهزت عليه. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٣. ويقال بالدال أيضًا.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٠٠٠)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢١٦، وقال المصنّف عقب (٥٠٠٠): ورواه في القديم عن إبراهيم بن محمد عن جعفر. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٤٧) عن عبد العزيز الدراوردى عن جعفر بنحوه. وضعفه الألباني في إرواء الغليل (٢٤٦١).\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"يدفف\".\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٥٠٠٠)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢١٦. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٤٨) عن الدراوردى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٥٩٠) من طريق جعفر بنحوه.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٢١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٨٢٨).","vol":"17","page":49},{"text":"١٦٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن شاذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حُجرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ ضُبَيعَةَ العَبسِيِّ قال: نادَى مُنادِي عَمّارٍ - أو قال: عليٍّ - يَومَ الجَمَل، وقَد ولَّى النّاسُ: ألا لا يُدافُّ (^١) على جَريحٍ، ولا يُقتَلُ مُوَلٍّ، ومَن ألقَى السِّلاحَ فهو آمِنٌ. فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَينا (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ ومُحَمَّدُ بن موسَى بنِ الفَضلِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بن سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن خُمَيرِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ سألَ عَليًّا - ﵄ - عن سَبْي الذُّرّيَّةِ. فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيهِم سَبيٌ؛ إنَّما قاتَلْنا مَن قاتَلَنا. قال: لَو قُلتَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ لَخالَفْتُكَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الصَّلتُ بن بَهرامَ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: لَم يَسبِ عليٌّ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجَمَلِ ولا يَومَ النَّهرَوانِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروف، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في م، والمستدرك: \"يذاف\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٧٩٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٧٦٠) من طريق الصلت به بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":50},{"text":"أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ الحَذّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد اللَّه، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بن أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن أبيه: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجَمَلِ: نَمُنُّ عَلَيهِم بشَهادَةِ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، ونوَرِّثُ الآباءَ مِنَ الأبناءِ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ سَلْعٍ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ قال: سُئلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - عنْ أهلِ الجَمَلِ فقالَ: إخوانُنا بَغَوا عَلَينا فقاتَلْناهُم، وقَد فاءوا وقَد قَبِلنا مِنهم (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، أن كَثيرَ بنَ هِشامٍ حَدَّثَهُم، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن بُرقانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَيمونُ بن مِهرانَ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: شَهِدتُ صِفّينَ فكانوا لا يُجيزونَ على جَريحٍ، ولا يَقتُلونَ موَلّيًا، ولا يَسلُبونَ قَتيلًا (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٣٤ - وفيما أجازَ لِي أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٧٦٣) عن أبي أسامة به.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٧٩١).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٠٠١)، والاعتقاد ص ٥٣٢ مطولًا، والحاكم ٢/ ١٥٥، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٨٢٩)، وابن سعد في الطبقات ٧/ ٤١١ عن كثير بن هشام به.","vol":"17","page":51},{"text":"عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي فاخِتَةَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ بأسيرٍ يَومَ صِفّينَ، فقالَ: لا تَقتُلْنِي صَبرًا. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: لا أقتُلُكَ صَبرًا، إنِّي أخافُ اللهَ رَبَّ العالَمينَ. فخَلَّى سَبيلَه، ثُمَّ قال: أفيكَ خَيرٌ تُبايِعُ؟ قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: والحَربُ يَومَ صِفِّينَ قائمَةٌ، ومُعاويَةُ يُقاتِلُ جادًّا في أيَّامِه كُلِّها مُنتَصِفًا، أو مُستَعليًا، وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - يقولُ لِأَسيرٍ مِن أصحابِ مُعاويَةَ: لا أقتُلُكَ صَبرًا إنِّي أخافُ اللهَ رَبَّ العالَمينَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ الإمامُ ﵀: قَولُ الشَّافِعِيِّ: ومُعاويَةُ يُقاتِلُ جادًّا في أيّامِه كُلِّها، مُنتَصِفًا أو مُستَعليًا. مَعناه: أنَّه كان يُساوِيه مَرَّةً في القِتالِ ويَعلوه أُخرَي، فكانَ فِئَةً لِهَذا الأسير، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ لَم يَقتُلْه عليٌّ - ﵁ - ولَم يَستَجِزْ قَتلَه. وقيلَ: مُنتَصِفًا عِندَ نَفسِه لِدَعواه أنَّه يَطلُبُ دَمَ عثمانَ - ﵁ -، ومُستَعليًا عِندَ غَيرِه لِعِلمِهِم بأنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان بَريئًا مِن دَمِ عثمانَ - ﵁ -. والأَوَّلُ أصَحُّ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِيَ في هذا حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ إلَّا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ:\n\n١٦٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن عبد اللهِ الخُوارِزمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَصرٍ التَّمَّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَزّازُ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٠٠٢)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٢٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٥٩٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٩٥١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٨٢١) عن ابن عيينة به، دون ذكر قول الشافعي.\n(^٢) معرفة السنن والآثار عقب (٥٠٠٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"الخراز\".","vol":"17","page":52},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ التَّمّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا كَوثَرُ بن حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسْعودٍ: \"يا ابنَ مَسعود، أتَدرِي ما حُكمُ اللّهِ فيمَن بَغَى مِن هذه الأُمَّةِ؟ \". قال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"فإِنَّ حُكمَ اللهِ فيهِم ألا يُتبَعَ مُدبِرُهُم، ولا يُقتَلَ أسيرُهُم، ولا يُذَفَّفَ على جَريحِهِم\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الخَزَّازِ (^١)، وفِي رِوايَةِ الخُوارِزمِيِّ: \"ولا يُجازَ على جَريحِهِم - زادَ: - ولا يُقسَمَ فَيْؤُهُم\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به كَوثَرُ بن حَكيمٍ، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِك، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، أخبرَنِي رَجُلٌ بالبَحرَين، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الأعلَى هو ابنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زيدٍ، عن أبي حُرَّةَ الرَّقَاشِيّ، عن عَمِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ مالُ رَجُلٍ مسلمٍ لأَخيه إِلَّا ما أعطاه بطيبِ نَفسِه\".\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الخراز\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٥، وفيه: أحمد بن عبد الجزار. بدل: أحمد بن علي الخزاز. وقال الذهبي: كوثر متروك. وأخرجه البزار (٥٩٥٤)، والروياني (١٤٣٧)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٩٦ من طريق عبد الملك بن عبد العزيز أبي نصر التمار به بنحوه. والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٧٠٣ - بغية) من طريق كوثر بن حكيم به.\n(^٣) هو كوثر بن حكيم أبو مخلد الحلبي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل لابن عدي ٦/ ٢٠٩٦، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٣/ ٢٦، وميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ٤١٦، ولسان الميزان ٤/ ٤٩٠.","vol":"17","page":53},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ التَّيمِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الرَّقَاشِيِّ: \"لا يَحِلُّ مالُ امرِئٍ - يَعنِي مُسلِمًا - إِلَّا بطيبٍ مِن نَفسِه\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ الشَّعْرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو شِهابٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبَانِيُّ، عن عَرفَجَةَ، عن أبيه قال: لَمَّا قَتَلَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - أهلَ النَّهْرِ جالَ في عَسكَرِهِم، فمَن كان يَعرِفُ شَيئًا أخَذَه حَتَّى بَقيَت قِدْرٌ، ثُمَّ رأيتُها أُخِذَت بَعدُ (^٢).\nورَواه سفيانُ، عن الشَّيبَانِيِّ، عن عَرفَجَةَ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ برِثَّةِ (^٣) أهلِ النَّهْرِ فعَرَّفَها، فكانَ مَن عَرَفَ شَيئًا أخَذَه، حَتَّى بَقيَت قِدْرٌ لَم تُعرَفْ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - عن أموالِ الخَوارجِ فقالَ: لا أرَى في أموالِهِم غَنيمَةً (^٥).\n\n١٦٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ البِرْتِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا يَعلَى بن الحارِث، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدَّادٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحَيِّ، قال: كُنتُ في\n_________\n(^١) تفدم في (١١٦٥٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٩٥٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٩٣٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق بنحوه.\n(^٣) الرِّثَّة: ردئ المتاع وخلقان الثياب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٨٠.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنّف في المعرفة ٦/ ٢٨٣ عقب (٥٠٠).\n(^٥) ذكره ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٩٣٢) من طريق شبيب بن غرقدة عن رجل من بني تميم بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":54},{"text":"الخَيلِ يَومَ النَّهْرَوانِ مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا أن فرَغَ مِنهُم وقَتَلَهُم لَم يَقطَعْ رأْسًا، ولَم يَكشِفْ عَورَةً.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3587>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَقتُلُ واحِدًا مِنَ المُسلِميَن على التَّأْويلِ، أو جَماعَةٌ غَيرُ مُمتَنِعينَ يَقتُلونَ واحِدًا، كان عَلَيهِمُ القِصاصُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال الله تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٣]. وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيما يُحِلُّ دَمَ المُسلِمِ: \"و(^١) قَتلُ نَفسٍ بغَيرِ نَفسٍ\". ورُوِيَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ اعتَبَطَ مُسلِمًا بقَتلٍ (^٢) فهو قَوَدُ يَدِه\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٣٩ - واحتَجَّ أيضًا بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال في ابنِ مُلْجَمٍ بعدَما ضَرَبَه: أَطعِموه واسقُوه وأَحسِنوا إسارَه، فإِن عِشتُ فأنا ولِيُّ دَمِي؛ أَعفو إن شِئتُ، وإِن شِئتُ استَقَدتُ، وإِن مُتُّ فقَتَلتُموه فلا تُمَثِّلوا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، والأم: \"أو\".\n(^٢) في م: \"بغير قتل\". واعتبط مسلمًا بقتل: أي: قتله بلا جناية. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٦٣.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢١٦.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٠٠٣)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢١٧. وتقدم في (١٦١٥٢).","vol":"17","page":55},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3588>بابُ مَن قال في المُرتَدِّيِنَ يَقتُلونَ مُسلِمًا في القِتالِ وهُم مُمتَنِعونَ ثُمَّ تابوا: لَم يُتبَعوا بدَمٍ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَد قَتَلَ طُلَيحَةُ عُكَّاشَةَ بنَ مِحْصَنٍ وثابِتَ بنَ أقرَمَ، ثُمَّ أسلَمَ فلَم يُضَمَّنْ عَقلًا ولا قَوَدًا (^١).\n\n١٦٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَجَّاجُ بن أبي مَنيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: لَمَّا استَخلَفَ اللهُ أبا بكرٍ، وارتَدَّ مَنِ ارتَدَّ مِنَ العَرَبِ عن الإِسلامِ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ في بَعثِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ وقِتالِه، قال: وكانَ طُلَيحَةُ شَديدَ البأْسِ في القِتالِ؛ فقَتَلَ طُلَيحَةُ يَومَئذٍ عُكّاشَةَ بنَ مِحْصَنٍ وابنَ أقرَمَ، فلَمّا غَلَبَ الحَقُّ طُلَيحَةَ تَرَحَّلَ (^٢)، ثُمَّ أسلَمَ وأهَلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، فرَكِبَ يَسيرُ في النّاسِ آمِنًا حَتَّى مَرَّ بأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالمَدينَة، ثُمَّ نَفَذَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فقَضَى عُمرَتَه (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه أسقَطَ عنه القِصاصَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3589>بابُ مَن قال: يُتبَعونَ بالدَّمِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مسلمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"ترجل\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٨٠٦).","vol":"17","page":56},{"text":"عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: فجاءَ وفدُ بُزاخَةَ؛ أسَدٌ وغَطَفانُ إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَسألونَه الصُّلحَ، فخَيَّرَهُم بَينَ الحَربِ المُجْلِيَةِ أوِ السِّلْمِ المُخزيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن زَكَريّا، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ قال: ارتَدَّ عَلقَمَةُ بن عُلاثَةَ عن دينِه بعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأبَى أن يَجنَحَ لِلسِّلم، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: لا نَقبَلُ مِنكَ إلَّا بسِلْمٍ مُخْزِيَةٍ أَو حَربٍ مُجْلِيَةٍ. فقالَ: ما سِلْم مُخزيَةٌ؟ قال: تَشهَدونَ على قَتلانا أنَّهُم في الجَنَّة، وأنَّ قَتلاكُم في النّار، وتَدونَ قَتلانا ولا نَدِي قَتلاكُم. فاختاروا سِلْمًا مُخزيَةً (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا في هذه القِصَّةِ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ - ﵁ - رأَى ألَّا يَدوا قَتلانا. وقالَ: قَتلانا قُتِلوا على أمرِ الله، فلا دياتِ لَهُم.\nوذَلِكَ يَرِدُ في بابِ قِتالِ أهلِ الرِّدَّة، إن شاءَ اللَّهُ ﷿ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3590>بابُ القَومِ يُظْهِرونَ رأْيَ الخَوارِجِ لَم يَحِلَّ به قِتالُهُم</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: بَلَغَنا أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - بَينا (^٤) هو يَخطُبُ إذ سَمِعَ تَحكيمًا مِن ناحيَةِ المَسجِدِ: لا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ. فقالَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٧٢٢١) من طريق سفيان بطرف آخر منه. وسيأتي تخريجه في (١٧٦٩٤).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٧٢).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٧٦٩٤).\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"بينما\".","vol":"17","page":57},{"text":"لا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ، كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ أُريدَ بها باطِلٌ، لَكُم عَلَينا ثَلاثٌ؛ لا نَمنَعُكُم مَساجِدَ اللَّهِ أن تَذكُروا فيها اسمَ الله، ولا نَمنَعُكُمُ الفَىْءَ ما كانَت أيديكُم مَعَ أيدينا، ولا نَبدَؤُكُم بقِتالٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٤٣ - أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأجلَحِ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ نَمِرٍ قال: بَينا أنا في الجُمُعَةِ وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - على المِنبَر، إذ قامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: لا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ. ثُمَّ قامَ آخَرُ فقالَ: لا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ. ثُمَّ قاموا مِن نَواحِي المَسجِد، فأشارَ إلَيهِم عليٌّ - ﵁ - بيَدِه: اجلِسوا، نَعَم لا حُكمَ إلَّا لله، كَلِمَةٌ يُبتَغَى بها باطِل، حُكمَ اللَّهِ نَنتَظِرُ (^٢) فيكُم، إلا إنَّ لَكُم عِندِي ثلاثَ خِصالٍ ما كُنتُم معنا؛ لا نَمنَعُكُم مَساجِدَ اللهِ أن تَذكُروا فيها [اسمَ اللهِ] (^٣)، ولا نَمنَعُكُم فيْئًا ما كانَت أيديكُم مَعَ أيدينا، ولا نَقاتِلُكُم حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا. ثُمَّ أخَذَ في خُطبَتِهِ (^٤).\nورُوِيَ بَعضُ مَعناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^٥).\n\n١٦٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن بكرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢١٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"ننظر\".\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"اسمه\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"اسمه ص\".\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٩٢٦). وضعفه الألباني في إرواء الغليل (٢٤٦٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٦٧٧٩).","vol":"17","page":58},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ ضَمْرَةَ قال: سَمِعَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - قَومًا يَقولونَ: لا حُكمَ إلَّا للهِ. قال: نَعَم لا حُكمَ إلَّا لله، ولَكِن لا بُدَّ لِلنّاسِ مِن أميرٍ بَرٍّ أو فاجِرٍ، يَعمَلُ فيه المُؤمِنُ، ويَستَمتِعُ فيه الكافِرُ، ويُبلِغُ اللَّهُ فيها الأجَلَ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبد العَزيزِ أخبَرَه أن الوَليدَ بنَ عبد المَلِكِ أرسَلَ إلَيه، فقالَ: ما تَقولُ فيمَن يَسُبُّ الخُلَفاءَ، أتَرَى أن يُقتَلَ؟ قال: فسَكَتُّ. فانتَهَرَنِي وقالَ: ما لَكَ لا تَكَلَّمُ؟ فسَكَتُّ. فعادَ لِمِثلِها، فقُلتُ: أقَتَلَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال؛ لا، ولَكِنَّه سَبَّ الخُلَفاءَ. قال: فقُلتُ: فإِنِّي أرَى أن يُنَكَّلَ فيما انتَهَكَ مِن حُرمَةِ الخُلَفاءِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي خالِدُ بن حُمَيدٍ المَهْرِيُّ، عن عُمَرَ (^٣) مَولَى غُفْرَةَ، أن عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ كان على الكوفَةِ في عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيز، فكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ: إنِّي وجَدتُ رَجُلًا بالكُنَاسَةِ - سوقٌ مِن أسواقِ الكوفَةِ - يَسُبُّكَ، وقَد قامَت عَلَيه البَيِّنَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٩٠٣) عن عفان به بنحوه.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٦٠٣. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٤٥/ ١٥٢ من طريق أبي الحسين به.\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٢٠.","vol":"17","page":59},{"text":"فهَمَمتُ بقَتلِه، أو بِقَطعِ يَدِه، أو لِسانِه، أو جَلدِه، ثُمَّ بَدا لي أن أُراجِعَكَ فيه. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ: سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ، أبيه، بَعدُ، والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَو قَتَلتَه لَقَتَلتُكَ به، ولَو قَطَعتَه لَقَطَعتُكَ به، ولَو جَلَدتَه لأَقَدتُه مِنكَ، فإِذا جاءَ كِتابِي هذا فاخرُجْ به إلَى الكُنَاسَة، فسُبَّ الَّذِي سَبَّنِي أوِ اعفُ عنه؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَحِل قَتلُ امرِي مسلمٍ بسَبِّ أحَدٍ مِنَ النّاس، إلَّا رَجُلٌ سَبَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فمَن سَبَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَد حَلَّ دَمُه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3591>بابٌ: الخَوارِجُ يَعتَزِلونَ جَماعَةَ النّاس، ويَقتُلونَ والِيَهُم مِن جِهَةِ الإمامِ العادِلِ قبلَ أن يُنَصِّبوا إمامًا ويَعتَقِدوا ويُظهِروا حُكمًا مُخالِفًا لِحُكمِه، كان في ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِمُ القِصاصُ</span>\n\n١٦٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُبَشَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَبَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبي مِجْلَزٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - نَهَى أصحابَه أن يَتَبَسَّطوا على الخَوارجِ حَتَّى يُحدِثوا حَدَثًا، فمَرُّوا بعَبدِ الله بنِ خَبَّابٍ، فأخَذوه فانطَلَقوا به، فمَرَّوا على تَمرَةٍ ساقِطَةٍ مِن نَخلَةٍ فأخَذَها بَعضهُم فألقاها في فمِه، فقالَ له بَعضُهُم: تَمرَةُ مُعاهَدٍ، فبِمَ (^٢) استَحلَلتَها؟! فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بن خَبَّابٍ: أفَلا أدُلُّكُم على مَن هو أعظَمُ حُرمَةٌ عَلَيكُم مِن هَذا؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: أنا. فقَتَلوه، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فأرسَلَ إلَيهِم أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حزم في المحلى ١١/ ٤١٠ من طريق ابن وهب به. وفيه: خالد عن حميد. بدلًا من: خالد بن حميد.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وعند الدارقطني: \"فيم\".","vol":"17","page":60},{"text":"أَقِيدُونا بعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ خَبَّابٍ. قالوا: كَيفَ نُقيدُكَ به وكُلُّنا قَتَلَه؟! قال: وكُلُّكُم قَتَلَه؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: اللَّهُ أكبَرُ! ثُمَّ أمَرَ أن يَبسُطوا عَلَيهِم، وقالَ: واللَّهِ لا يُقتَلُ مِنكُم عَشرَةٌ، ولا يُفلِتُ مِنهُم عَشرَةٌ. قال: فقَتَلوهُم. قال: فقالَ: اطلُبوا فيهِم ذا الثُّدَيَّةِ. قال. وذَكَرَ باقِيَ الحديثِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3592>بابٌ: أهلُ البَغي إذا غَلَبوا على بَلَدٍ، وأخَذوا صَدَقاتِ أهلِها، وأقاموا عَلَيهِمُ الحُدودَ لَم يُعَدْ (^٢) عَلَيهِم</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٦٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عِمْرانَ، سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الصَّامِت، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - قال: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أسمَعَ وأُطيعَ ولَو لِعَبدٍ حَبَشِيٍّ مُجَدَّعِ الأطرافِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن عَيَّاشٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٣١. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٤٧٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٨٨٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) كتبت في الأصل: بالياء والتاء.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٤٥٣). وتقدم في (٥١٨٥، ٥٩٢٠، ١٦٦٨٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٤٨/ ٢٤٠، ١٨٣٧).","vol":"17","page":61},{"text":"ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ رَزينٍ العَطَّارُ الحِمصيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن العَلاءِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ بن مالكٍ اللَّخمِيُّ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا مُعاذُ، أطِعْ كُلَّ أميرٍ، وصَلِّ خَلفَ كُلِّ إمامٍ، ولا تَسُبَّنَّ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِي\" (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ بَينَ مَكحولٍ ومُعاذٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3593>بابٌ: المَقتولُ مِن أهلِ البَغيِ يُغْسَلُ ويُصَلَّى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِث، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الجِهادُ واجِبٌ عَلَيكُم مَعَ كُلِّ أميرٍ، بَرًّا كان أوَ فاجِرًا وإن عَمِلَ الكبائرَ، والصَّلاةُ واجِبَةٌ على كُلِّ مسلمٍ، بَرًّا كان أو فاجِرًا وإن عَمِلَ الكبائرَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3594>بابٌ: المَقتولُ مِن أهلِ العَدلِ بسَيفِ أهلِ البَغي في المُعتَركِ شَهيدٌ لا يُغْسَلُ ولا يُصَلَّى عَلَيه في أحَدِ القَولَينِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٩٥. وأخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في فضائل الصحابة (٩ - زوائد)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ١٧٣ (٣٧٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٢/ ٦٧: ومكحول لَمْ يسمع من معاذ.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٦٥). وسيأتي عقب (١٨٥٢٣). وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٣٠١: وهذا منقطع.","vol":"17","page":62},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمِ قال: قال عَمّار - ﵁ -: ادفِنونِي في ثيابِي؛ فإِنِّي مُخاصِمٌ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن أبي يَعفورٍ العَبدِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي شَيخٍ مُهاجِرٍ، أن زَيدَ بنَ صُوحَانَ العَبدِيَّ كان يَومَ الجَمَلِ يَحمِلُ رايَةَ عبد القَيسِ، فارتُثَّ جَريحًا، فقالَ: لا تَغسِلوا عَنِّي دَمًا، وشُدُّوا عليَّ ثيابِي؛ فإِنِّي مُخاصِم. قال أبو عليٍّ حَنبَلٌ: إمّا مُخاصِمٌ أو مُخاصَمٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مسلمٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن سَعْدِ (^٣) بنِ عُبَيدٍ، أنَّه قامَ خَطيبًا فقالَ: إنّا مُستَشهَدونَ غَدًا، فلا تَغسِلوا عَنّا الثّيابَ، ولا تكَفِّنونا إلَّا في ثَوبٍ كان عَلَينا (^٤).\nكَذا قال هَؤُلاءِ. وقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - صَلَّى على عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ وهاشِمِ بنِ عُتبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع مصنفاته (٣٨٨). وتقدم في (٦٩٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر ١٩/ ٤٤٢ من طريق المصنّف وغيره عن ابن بشران به.\n(^٣) في م: \"سجد\". وينظر الإصابة ٤/ ٢٧٧، ٢٧٨، ٣٥١، ٣٥٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٦٤٢، ٩٥٨٨)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٥٥٤٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (١١٠٩٧)، عن سفيان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٢٣: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٩٠٦).","vol":"17","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3595>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ لأَهلِ العَدلِ مِن أن يَعمِدَ قَتلَ ذِي رَحِمِه مِن أهلِ البَغي</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما رُوِيَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كَفَّ أبا حُذَيفَةَ بنَ عُتبَةَ عن قَتلِ أبيه، وأبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - عن قَتلِ ابنِهِ.\n\n١٦٨٥٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الجَهمِ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بن الفَرَج، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُمَرَ الواقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه قال: شَهِدَ أبو حُذَيفَةَ بَدرًا ودَعا أباه عُتبَةَ إلَى البِرازِ، يَعنِي فمَنَعَه عنه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -.\nقال محمدُ بن عُمَرَ: وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ لَم يَزَلْ على دينِ قَومِه في الشِّركِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ المُشرِكينَ، ودَعا إلَى البِراز، فقامَ إلَيه أبوه أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّقُ - ﵁ - ليُبارِزَه، فذُكِرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لأَبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ -: \"مَتِّعْنا بنَفسِكَ\". ثُمَّ إنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ أسلَمَ في هُدنَةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3596>بابٌ: العادِلُ يَقْتُل الباغِيَ أوِ الباغِي يَقتُلُ العادِلَ وهو وارِثُه، لَم يَرِثه ويَرِثُه غَيرُ القاتِلِ مِن ورَثَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ والمُثَنَّى بن الصَّبَّاحِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٢٣، ٤٧٤، والواقدي في المغازي ١/ ٧٠، وعنه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٨٥. وينظر مغازي الواقدي ١/ ٢٥٧. وقال الذهبي ٦/ ٣٣٠٢: ما صح في هذا شئ.","vol":"17","page":64},{"text":"الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بن زَكَريّا المُطَرِّزُ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بن هاشِمٍ السِّمسارُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن صالِحٍ الوُحَاظيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ ومُثَنَّى (^١) بن الصَبّاح، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِلٍ مِنَ الميراثِ شئٌ\" (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بن راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ بإِسنادِه في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَه قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ لِقاتِلٍ شئٌ، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ له وارِثٌ يَرِثْه أقرَبُ النّاسِ إلَيه، ولا يَرِثُ القاتِلُ شَيئًا\".\nوهو بشَواهِدِه قَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الفَرائضِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3597>بابٌ: مَن أُريدَ مالُه أو أهلُه أو دَمُه أو دينُه فقاتَلَ فقُتِلَ فهو شَهيدٌ</span>\n\n١٦٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"المثنى\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٣٦٧) دون ذكر المثنى بن الصباح، والدارقطني ٤/ ٩٧ من طريق علي بن حجر به. وتقدم عقب (١٢٣٧٠). وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٩/ ٣٢٩: وحديث ابن عياض خطأ.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٣٦٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦١٢٨).","vol":"17","page":65},{"text":"١٦٨٥٧ - وحَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بن ياسِرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵁ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ أهلِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ دَمِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٥٨ - ورَواه هارونُ بن عبد الله، عن الطَّيالِسِيِّ وأبِي أيّوبَ الهاشِمِيّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ فقالَ: \"ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ أهلِه، أو دونَ دَمِه، أو دونَ دينِه فهو شَهيدٌ\". أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ وسُلَيمانُ بن داودَ، يَعنِي أبا أيّوبَ الهاشِمِيَّ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٥٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِي، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الحَسَن، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦١٢٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٧٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٢)، والنسائي (٤١٠٦) من طريق سليمان بن داود الهاشمى بنحوه. وينظر ما تقدم في (٦١٢٩، ١٦٨٥٦).","vol":"17","page":66},{"text":"عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أُريدَ مالُه بغَيرِ حَقٍّ، فقاتَلَ فقُتِلَ، فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٦٠ - قال: وأحسِبُ الأعرَجَ عن أبي هريرةَ بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3598>بابُ الخِلافِ في قِتالِ أهلِ البَغي</span>\nاحتَجَّ الشّافِعِيُّ رَحمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيه في القَديمِ بالآيَةِ: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الحجرات: ٩]. فأذِنَ تَبارَكَ اسمُه بقِتالِ الفِئَةِ الباغيَةِ إذا أبَت أن تَفِيءَ. قال: ورَغَّبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في قِتالِ أهلِ البَغي. ثُمَّ ساقَ الأحاديثَ التي ذَكَرناها في أوَّلِ هذا الكِتابِ (^٣)، ونَحنُ نَسوقُها هاهنا بأسانيدَ أُخَرَ.\n\n١٦٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا عَوفٌ الأعرابِيُّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَفتَرِقُ أُمَّتِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٨٢٩) من طريق ابن مهدى به. وأبو داود (٤٧٧١)، والترمذي (١٤٢٠)، والنسائي (٤٠٩٩) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٩٩٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٨٢٩، ٨٢٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٨٢) من طريق عبد الله بن الحسن به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٠٩٥): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم (١٦٧٦٧ - ١٦٧٨٥).","vol":"17","page":67},{"text":"فِرقَتينِ (^١) فتَمرُقُ بَينَهُم مارِقَةٌ، تَقتُلُها أَوْلَى الطَّائفَتَينِ بالحَقِّ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا عثمانُ الشَّحّامُ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن أبي بكرَةَ قال: وسألَه رَجُلٌ: هَل سَمِعتَ في الخَوارجِ مِن شَئٍ؟ قال: سَمِعتُ والِدِي أبا بكرَةَ يقولُ عن نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَا إنَّه سيَخرُجُ في أُمَّتِي أقوامٌ أشِدّاءُ أحِدّاءُ ذَلِقَةٌ ألسِنَتُهُم بالقُرآن، لا يجاوِز القُرآن تَراقِيَهُم، ألَا فإذا رأيتُموهُم فَأَنِيمُوهم (^٤)، ثُمَّ إذا رأيتُموهُم فَأَنِيمُوهم، فالمأْجورُ مَن قَتلَهُم\" (^٥).\n\n١٦٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إذا حَدَّثتُكُم عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلأَن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل: \"فرقتين\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠١١)، وأبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع مصنفاته (٢٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٥٦)، وابن حبان (٦٧٣٥) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٦٥/ ١٥٠). وتقدم في (١٦٧٧٣).\n(^٤) أنيموهم: اقتلوهم. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٤٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٤٦)، والحارث (٧٠٢ - بغية) عن روح به. والبزار (٣٦٧٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٤٦ من طريق عثمان الشحام به. وقال الحاكم: صحيح على شرط مسلم.","vol":"17","page":68},{"text":"أخِرَّ مِنَ السَّماءِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أكذِبَ عَلَيه، وإِذا حَدَّثتُكُم بَينِي وبَينَكُم فإِنَّما الحَربُ خَدعَةٌ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يأْتِي في آخِرِ الزَّمانِ قَومٌ حُدَثاءُ الأسنان، سُفَهاءُ الأحلام، يَقولونَ مِن خَيرِ قَولِ البَريَّة، يَمرُقونَ مِنَ الإِسلامِ كما يَمرُقُ السَّهمُ مِنَ الرَّميَّة، لا يُجاوِزُ إيمانُهُم حَناجِرَهُم، فأينَما لَقِيتُموهُم فاقتُلوهُم، فإِنَّ قَتلَهُم أجرٌ لِمَن قَتَلَهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن أبي غالِبٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي أُمامَةَ فجِيءَ برُءوسٍ مِن رُءوسِ الخَوارج، فنُصِبَت على دَرَجِ دِمَشقَ، فقالَ: \"كِلابُ النّارِ\" قالَها ثَلاثًا \"شرُّ قَتلَى قُتِلوا تَحتَ ظِلِّ السَّماء، خَيرُ قَتلَى مَن قَتَلَهُم وقَتلوه\". قالَها ثَلاثًا، قُلتُ: شَيئًا سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أو شَيئًا تَقولُه برأْيِكَ؟ قال: إنِّي إِذَنْ لَجَرِيءٌ، بَل شَئٌ سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٦٧)، وابن حبان (٦٧٣٩) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٠٨٦)، والنسائي (٤١١٣) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٦٧٧٥، ١٦٧٧٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٠٦٦/. . .)، وتقدم عقب (١٦٧٧٦).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٢٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٠٨)، والترمذي (٣٠٠٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة بنحوه، وقال: حسن. وابن ماجه (١٧٦) من طريق أبي غالب بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٤٦).","vol":"17","page":69},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبي غالِبٍ قال: كُنتُ بالشّامِ فبَعَثَ المُهَلَّبُ سِتّينَ رأْسًا مِنَ الخَوارج، فنُصِبوا على دَرَجِ دِمَشقَ، وكُنتُ على ظَهرِ بَيتٍ لِي، إذ مَرَّ أبو أُمامَةَ فنَزَلتُ فاتَّبَعتُه، فلَمّا وقَفَ عَلَيهِم دَمَعَت عَيناه وقالَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! ما يَصنَعُ الشَّيطانُ ببَنِي آدَمَ؟! ثَلاثًا، كِلابُ جَهَنَّمَ، كِلابُ جَهَنَّمَ، شَرُّ قَتلَى تَحتَ ظِلِّ السَّماء، ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، خَيرُ قَتلَى مَن قَتَلوه، طوبَى لِمَن قَتَلَهُم أو قَتَلوه. ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: يا أبا غالِبٍ أعاذَكَ اللهُ مِنهُم. قُلتُ: رأيتُكَ بَكَيتَ حينَ رأيتَهُم. قال: بَكَيتُ رَحمَةً؛ رأيتُهُم كانوا مِن أهلِ الإِسلام، هَل تَقرأُ سورَةَ \"آلِ عِمران\"؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. فقَرأ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ﴾ [آل عمران: ٧]. وإِنَ هَؤُلاءِ كان في قُلوبِهِم زَيغٌ وزِيغَ بهِم. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَفِي رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٠٥ - ١٠٧]. قُلتُ: هُم هَؤُلاءِ يا أبا أُمامَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: مِن قِبَلِكَ تَقولُ، أو شَئٌ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: إنِّي إِذَنْ لَجَرِيءٌ، بَل سَمِعتُه لا مَرَّةً ولا مَرَّتَينِ. حَتَّى عَدَّ سَبعًا، ثُمَّ قال: إنّ بَنِي إسرائيلَ تَفَرَّقوا على إحدَى وسَبعينَ فِرقَةً، وإِنَّ هذه الأُمَّةَ تَزيدُ عَلَيهِم فِرقَةً، كُلُّها في النّارِ إِلَّا السَّوادَ الأعظَمَ. قُلتُ: يا أبا أُمامَةَ ألا تَرَى ما يَفعَلونَ؟ قال: عَلَيهِم ما حُمِّلوا وعَلَيكُم ما حُمِّلتُم (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٠٣٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٣٤: ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"17","page":70},{"text":"١٦٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال لأَهلِ النَّهْرِ: فيهِم رَجُلٌ مُخدَجُ اليَدِ أو مودَنُ اليَدِ أو مَثدونُ اليَد، لَولا أن تَبطَروا لأَنبأتُكُم ما قَضى اللهُ على لِسانِ نَبيِّه - ﷺ - لمن قَتَلَهُم. قال عَبيدَةُ: فقُلتُ لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: أنتَ سَمِعتَ هذا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم ورَبِّ الكَعبَة، نَعَم ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ. ثَلاثًا (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في القَديمِ: وأنكَرَ قَومٌ قِتالَ أهلِ البَغي، وقالوا: أهلُ البَغي هُم أهلُ الكُفر، ولَيسوا بأهلِ الإِسلام، ولا يَحِلُّ قِتالُ المُسلِمينَ؛ لأَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِئٍ مسلمٍ إِلَّا بثَلَاثةٍ؛ المُرتَدُّ بعدَ الإِسلام، والزّانِي بعدَ الإِحصان، والقاتِلُ فيُقتَلُ\". فقالوا: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الدِّماءَ إلَّا مِن هذه الجِهَة، فلا يَحِلُّ الدَّمُ إلَّا بها، وقِتالُ المُسلِمِ كَقَتلِه؛ لأَنَّ القِتالَ يَصيرُ إلَى القَتلِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: يُقالُ لَهُم: أمَرَ اللهُ بقِتالِ الفِئَةِ الباغيَة، وأمَرَ بذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَيسَ القِتالُ مِنَ القَتلِ بسَبيلٍ؛ قَد يَجوزُ أن يَحِلَّ قِتالُ المُسلِمِ ولا يَحِلُّ قَتلُه، كما يَحِلُّ جَرحُه وضَربُه، ولا يَحِلُّ قَتلُه. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: مَعَ أن أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يُنكِروا على عليٍّ - ﵁ - قِتالَه الخَوارجَ، وأنكَروا قِتالَه أهلَ البَصرَةِ وأهلَ الشّامِ وكَرِهوه (^٢)، ولَم يَكرَهوا صَنيعَه بالخَوارجِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٢٤) عن يزيد به. وتقدم في (١٦٧٧٧).\n(^٢) في م: \"وكرهوا\".","vol":"17","page":71},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: هَكَذا رَواه أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِيُّ عن الشّافِعِيّ، وإِنَّما أرادَ به بَعضَ الصَّحابَةِ لما كانوا يَكرَهونَ مِنَ القِتالِ في الفُرقَة، فأمّا الخَوارجُ فلا نَعلَمُ أحَدًا مِنهُم كَرِهَ قِتالَه إيّاهُم.\n\n١٦٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: ما عَلِمتُ أحَدًا كَرِهَ قِتالَ اللُّصوصِ والحَروريَّةِ تأثُّمًا إلَّا أن يَجبُنَ رَجُلٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِّينا عن بَعضِ الصَّحابَةِ الَّذينَ كَرِهوا قِتالَه ولَم يَمضوا مَعَه في حَربِ صِفّينَ، أنَّهُمُ اعتَذَروا ببَعضِ المَعاذير، وهُم سَعدُ بن أبي وقّاصٍ، وأُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ، ومُحَمَّدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ وغَيرُهُم، فبَعضُهُم رُوِيَ عنه أنَّه قال: أخطَأ رأْيِي. وبَعضُهُم كان قَد قَتَلَ مُسلِمًا حَسِبَه بإِسلامِه مُتَعَوِّذًا، فعاهَدَ اللهَ تَعالَى ألّا يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا يقولُ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. وبَعضُهُم كان سَمِعَ تَعظيمَ القِتالِ في الفُرقَةِ فحَسِبَه قِتالًا في الفُرقَة، وبَعضُهُم أحَبَّ أن يَتَوَلَّاه غَيرُه. وقَد ذَهَبَ أكثَرُهُم إلَى أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان مُحِقًّا في قِتالِه، حامِلًا لمن خالَفَه على طاعَتِه، يَقصِدُ بقِتالِه أهلَ الشّام، حَملَ أهلِ الامتِناعِ على تَركِ الطّاعَةِ لِلإمام، وبِقِتالِه أهلَ البَصرَةِ دَفعَ ما كانوا يَظُنّونَ عَلَيه مِن قَتلِه عثمانَ بنِ عَفانَ - ﵁ -، أو مُشارَكَتِه قاتِلَه في دَمِه، أو ما يَقدَحُ في إمامَتِه. واستَدَلّوا على بَغي مَن خالَفَه مِن أهلِ الشّام، بما كان سَبَقَ له مِن شورَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٤ من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"17","page":72},{"text":"أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وبَيعَةِ مَن بَقِيَ مِن أصحابِ الشّورَى إيّاه قبلَ وُقوعِ الفُرقَة، وأنَّه كان في وقتِه أحَقَّهُم بالإِمامَةِ بخَصائصِه، وأنَّهُم وجَدوا عَلامَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِلفِئَةِ الباغيَةِ فيمَن خالَفَه، وهِيَ فيما:\n\n١٦٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ السُّبعِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عبد الوارِث، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي الحَسَن، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِعَمّارٍ: \"تَقتُلُكَ الفِئَةُ الباغيَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٦٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبر اهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي الحَسَن، عن أُمِّه، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عبد الوارِثِ. فذَكَرَ بنَحوِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي الحَسَنِ والحَسَنِ عن أُمِّهِما. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٣٩٥٢) من طريق أبي عبد الله الحافظ به. وأحمد (٢٦٦٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٩١٦/ ٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٤٣) من طريق غندر عن شعبة به. وينظر ما بعده. وعند البغوي: عن أبيه. بدل: عن أمه.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٧٠٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٥٦٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٤٤)، وعندهم: شعبة عن أيوب وخالد. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٧٣٦، ٧٠٧٧) من طريق الحسن به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٩١٦) عقب (٧٢).","vol":"17","page":73},{"text":"١٦٨٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ وإِسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي مَسلَمَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّي أبو قَتادَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لِعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ - ﵁ -: \"بُؤسًا لَكَ يا ابنَ سُمَيَّةَ، تَقتُلُكَ الفِئَةُ الباغيَةُ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِهِما (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه قال: لا أدرِي أكانَ مَعَ أبيه، أو أخبَرَه أبوه، قال: لَمّا قُتِلَ عَمّارٌ - ﵁ - قامَ عمرُو بن حَزمٍ فدَخَلَ على عمرِو بنِ العاصِ فقالَ: قُتِلَ عَمّارٌ، وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَقتُلُه الفِئَةُ الباغيَةُ\". فقامَ عمرو مُنتَقِعًا لَونُه، فدَخَلَ على مُعاويَةَ فقالَ: قُتِلَ عَمّارٌ؟! فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: قُتِلَ عَمّارٌ، فماذا؟! قال عمرٌو: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"تَقتُلُه الفِئَةُ الباغيَةُ\". قال: فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: دُحِضتَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٤٨. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٤٨) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\nوأحمد (٢٢٦١٠) من طريق النضر بن شميل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩١٥/ ٧١).","vol":"17","page":74},{"text":"في بَولِكَ، أَوَ نَحنُ قَتَلناه؟ إنَّما قَتَلَه عليٌّ وأصحابُه، جاءوا به حَتَّى ألقَوه بَينَ رِماحِنا، أو قال: سُيوفِنا. لَفظُ حَديثِ السُّكَّرِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ قال: فقامَ عمرٌو فزِعًا يَرتَجِعُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ على مُعاويَةَ، فقالَ مُعاويَةُ: ما شأْنُكَ؟ فقالَ: قُتِلَ عَمّارٌ؟! ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3599>بابُ النَّهي عن القِتالِ في الفُرقَة، ومَن تَرَكَ قِتالَ الفِئَةِ الباغيَةِ خَوفًا مِن أن يَكونَ قِتالًا في الفُرقَةِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٧٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بن خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَرجِعوا بَعدِي ضُلَّالًا يَضرِبُ بَعضُكُم رِقابَ بَعض\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ قُرَّةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الفَقيهُ الشِّيرازِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن النَّضرِ الجارُودِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ ويونُسُ والمُعَلَّى، عن الحَسَنِ، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٥١ عن ابن بشران وحده، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٢٧)، وعنه أحمد (١٧٧٧٨). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ٢٤٢: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح غير محمد بن عمرو وهو ثقة.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٨٩٩). وينظر ما تقدم في (٩٦٩٨، ٩٦٩٩، ٩٨٥٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧٤١)، ومسلم (١٦٧٩/ ٣١).","vol":"17","page":75},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا التقَى المُسلِمانِ بسَيفَيهِما، فقَتَلَ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه، فالقاتِلُ والمَقتولُ في النّارِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ موسَى الحُنَينِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن المُبارَك، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ ويونُسُ، عن الحَسَن، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: ذَهَبتُ لأنصُرَ هذا الرَّجُلَ، فتَلَقّانِي أبو بكرَةَ فقالَ: أينَ تُريدُ؟ قُلتُ: أنصُرُ هذا الرَّجُلَ. قال: ارجِعْ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا التقَى المُسلِمانِ بسَيفِهِما (^٢) فالقاتِلُ والمَقتولُ في النّارِ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، هذا القاتِلُ، فما بالُ المَقتولِ؟ قال: \"إنَّه كان حَريصًا على قَتلِ صاحِبِهِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُبارَك، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ عبدَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ الكَرابيسِيُّ ببُخارَى، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحْدَرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: أُريدُ نَصرَ ابنِ عَمِّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٩٨١) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به. وعند النسائي: العلاء بن زياد بدلًا من المعلى. وأحمد (٢٠٤٣٩) من طريق حماد به. وأبو داود (٤٢٦٩)، والنسائي (٤١٣٣) من طريق أيوب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٨٧).\n(^٢) في م: \"بسيفيهما\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في ممجمه (١٠٣٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن المبارك به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١، ٦٨٧٥)، ومسلم (٨٨٨/ ١٥).","vol":"17","page":76},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. وقالَ: \"إذا تَواجَهَ المُسلِمانِ بسَيفَيهِما\". وقالَ: فما بالُ المَقتولِ؟ قال: \"إنَّه أرادَ قَتلَ صاحِبِهِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٢).\nومَن يُقاتِلُ أهلَ البَغي لا يُريدُ قَتلَهُم ولا يَقصِدُه، إنَّما يُريدُ حَملَ أهلِ الامتِناعِ مِن حُكمِ الإمامِ على الطّاعَة، أو دَفعَهُم عن المُزاحَمَةِ والمُنازَعَة، فإِن أتَى القِتالُ على نَفسٍ فلا عَقلَ ولا قَوَدَ بأنّا أبَحنا قِتالَها كما أبَحنا قِتالَ مَن قَصَدَ مالَه أو حَريمَه أو نَفسَه دَفعًا، فإِن أتَى القِتالُ على نَفسِه فلا عَقلَ ولا قَوَدَ بأنّا أبَحنا قِتالَه. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٦٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بن مسلمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بُسرُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحَضْرَمِيُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا إدريسَ الخَوْلانِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ يقولُ: كان النّاسُ يَسألونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الخَير، وكُنتُ أسألُه عن الشَّرِّ مَخافَةَ أن يُدرِكَنِي، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنّا كُنّا في جاهِليَّةٍ وشَرٍّ، فجاءَنا اللهُ بهَذا الخَير، فهَل بعدَ هذا الخَيرِ شَرٌّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فقُلتُ: هَل بعدَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرِّ مِن خَيرٍ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وفيه دَخَنٌ\". قُلتُ: ومما دَخَنُهُ؟ قال: \"قَومٌ يَستَنُّونَ بغَيرِ سُنَّتِي، ويَهدُونَ بغَيرِ هَديِي، تَعرِفُ مِنهُم وتُنكِرُ\". فقُلتُ: هَل بعدَ ذَلِكَ الخَيرِ مِن شَرٍّ؟ قال: \"نَعَم؛\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٦٨) عن أبي كامل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٨٨/ ١٤).","vol":"17","page":77},{"text":"دُعاةٌ على أبوابِ جَهَنَّمَ، مَن أجابَهُم إلَيها قَذَفوه فيها\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، صِفْهُم لَنا. قال: \"نَعَم؛ هُم مِن جِلْدَتِنا، يَتَكَلَّمونَ بألسِنَتِنا\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، فما تأمُرُنِي إن أدرَكَنِي ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"تَلزَمُ جَماعَةَ المُسلِمينَ وإمامَهُم\". قُلتُ: فإِن لَم يَكُنْ لَهُم جَماعَةٌ ولا إمامٌ؟ قال: \"فاعتَزِلْ تِلكَ الفِرَقَ كُلَّها، ولَو أن تَعَضَّ على أصلِ شجَرَةٍ، حَتَّى يُدرِكَكَ المَوتُ وأنتَ على ذَلِكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّها سَتَكونُ فِتنَةٌ - أو: فِتَنٌ - يَكونُ النّائمُ فيها خَيرًا مِنَ اليَقْظان، والماشِي فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ السّاعِي، والقاعِدُ فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ القائمِ، والقائمُ فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ الماشِي، فمَن وجَدَ مِنها مَلْجأً أو مَعاذًا فليَستَعِذْ به\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبي داودَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا رَوحُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عمرو الدانى في السنن الواردة في الفتن (٢٠٨) من طريق محمد بن المثنى، وعنده: ابن جرير. بدل: عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر. وتقدم في (١٦٦٨٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٠٨٤)، ومسلم (١٨٤٧/ ٥١).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٤٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٩٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٥٩) من طريق أبي سلمة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٨٦/ ١٢)، والبخارى (٧٠٨١).","vol":"17","page":78},{"text":"عُبادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ الشَّحّامُ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن أبي بكْرَةَ، عن أبي بكْرَةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّها سَتَكونُ فِتَنٌ، ثُمَّ تَكونُ فِتنَةٌ، ألَا فالماشِي فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ السّاعِي إلَيها، ألَا والقاعِدُ فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ القائمِ فيها، ألَا والمُضْطَجِعُ فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ القاعِد، ألَا فإِذا نَزَلَت فمَن كانَت له غَنَمٌ فليَلحَقْ بغَنَمِه، ألَا ومَن كانَت له أرضٌ فليَلحَقْ بأرضِه، ألَا ومَن كانَت له إبِلٌ فليَلحَقْ بإبلِه\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: يا نَبِيَّ الله - جَعَلَنِي اللهُ فِداكَ - أرأيتَ مَن لَيسَ له غَنَمٌ ولا إبِلٌ كَيفَ يَصنَعُ؟ قال: \"فلْيأخُذْ سَيفَه، ثُمَّ ليَعمِدْ به إلَى صَخرَةٍ، ثُمّ ليَدُقَّهُ على حَدِّه بحَجَرٍ، ثُمَّ ليَنجُو (^١) به إنِ استَطاعَ النَّجاءَ، اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ اللَّهُمَّ هَل بَلَّغتُ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - جَعَلَنِي اللهُ فِداكَ - أرأيتَ إن أُخِذَ بيَدِي مُكرَهًا حَتَّى يُنطَلَقَ بي إلَى أحَدِ الصَّفَّينِ - أو: أحَدِ الفَريقَينِ. عثمانُ شَكَّ - فيَحذِفُنِي (^٢) رَجُلٌ بسَيفِه فيَقتُلُنِي، ماذا يَكونُ مِن شأنِي؟ قال: \"يَبوءُ بإِثمِكَ وإثمِه، ويَكونُ مِن أصحابِ النّارِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن عثمانَ الشَّحّامِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ بثبوت حرف العلة - الواو - مع لام الأمر الجازمة، وهي لغة قليلة والمشهور من اللغة الحذف. وينظر سر صناعة الإعراب ١/ ٧٨، والمفصل للزمخشرى ص ٥٣٨.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فضربنى\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٠٨ عن ابن بشران به. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٩٠) عن روح به. وأبو داود (٤٢٥٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٦٥) من طريق عثمان الشحام به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٨٨٧).","vol":"17","page":79},{"text":"١٦٨٨٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الدُّولابِيُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بن سَوّارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَوْنِيّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الصّامِت، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، كَيفَ تَصنَعُ إذا بَلَغَ النّاسَ مِنَ الجَهدِ ما يُعجِزُ الرَّجُلَ أن يَقومَ مِن فِراشِه إلَى مُصَلَّاهُ؟ \". فَقُلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"تَعَفَّفُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"كَيفَ تَصنَعُ يا أبا ذَرٍّ إذا كَثُرَ المَوتُ حَتَّى يَصيرَ البَيتُ (^١) بالعَبدِ؟ \". قُلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"تَصبِرُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ\" كَيفَ تَصنَعُ إذا كَثُرَ القَتلُ حَتَّى تَغرَقَ أحجارُ الزّيتِ بالدِّماءِ؟ \". قُلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"تَلحَقُ بمَن أنتَ مِنه\". قُلتُ: لا أحمِلُ مَعِيَ السِّلاحَ؟ قال: \"لا، شارَكتَ القَومَ إذن، ولَكِن إذا خِفتَ أن يَبهَرَكَ شُعاعُ السَّيف، فألقِ ثَوبَك على وجهِكَ يَبُؤْ بإِثمِكَ وِإثمِه\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ، عن المُشَعَّثِ (^٣) بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البيت: معناه هنا القبر، أي: يباع القبر بالعبد، أو: يحفر بالعبد. ينظر شرح السنة للبغوى ١٥/ ١٢، وينظر (١٧٣٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٢٥)، وابن حبان (٦٦٨٥) من طريق أبي عمر أن به. وقال البوصيرى في الإتحاف ١٠/ ٢١٠: ورواته ثقات.\n(^٣) في م: \"الأشعث\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٨/ ٨، وفيه: مشعث بن طريف. . . ويقال: منبعث.","vol":"17","page":80},{"text":"طَريفٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الصّامِت، عن أبي ذَرٍّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أفَلا آخُذُ سَيفِي فأضَعَه على عاتِقِي؟ قال: \"شارَكتَ القَومَ إذن\". قال: قُلتُ: فما تأمُرُنِي؟ قال: \"الزَمْ بَيتَكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: إن دُخِلَ عليَّ بَيتِي؟ قال: \"فإن خَشِيتَ أن يَبهَرَكَ شُعاعُ السَّيفِ فألْقِ رِداءَكَ على وجهِكَ يَبُؤْ بإِثمِه وِإثمِكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بن سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُحادَةَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَرْوانَ، عن هُزَيلٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بَينَ يَدَيِ السّاعَةِ فِتنًا كَقِطَعِ اللَّيلِ المُظلِم، يُصبِحُ الرَّجُلُ فيها مُؤمِنًا ويُمسِي كافِرًا، ويُمسِي مُؤمِنًا ويُصبِحُ كافِرًا، القاعِدُ فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ القائم، والماشِي فيها خَيرٌ مِنَ السّاعِي؛ فكَسِّروا قِسِيَّكم (^٢)، وقَطِّعوا أوتارَكُم، واضرِبوا سُيوفَكُم بالحِجارَة، فإن دُخِلَ على أحَدٍ مِنكُم فليَكُنْ كَخَيرِ ابنَيْ آدَمَ\" (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هذا المَعنَى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٢٦١، ٤٤٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٥٨) من طريق حماد به. وابن حبان (٥٩٦٠) من طريق أبي عمران الجوني به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٨٣). وسيأتي في (١٧٣٢٠).\n(^٢) قِسِيّ: بكسر القاف وضمها جمع قَوْس. ينظر التاج ١٦/ ٤٠٧ (ق وس).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٢٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٣٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٦١)، وابن حبان (٥٩٦٢) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والترمذي (٢٢٠٤) من طريق محمد بن جحادة به مختصرًا، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٨٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٦، ١٦٠٩)، وأبو داود (٤٢٥٧)، والترمذي (٢١٩٤)، وقال: حسن. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٥٨١).","vol":"17","page":81},{"text":"١٦٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن محمدٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا سالِمُ بن صالِحِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبِيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، كَيفَ أصنَعُ إذا اختَلَفَ المُصَلُّونَ؟ قال: \"تَخرُجُ بسَيفِكَ إلَى الحَرَّةِ فتَضرِبُ بها، ثُمَّ تَدخُلُ بَيتَكَ حَتَّى تأتيَكَ مَنِيَّةٌ قاضيَةٌ أو يَدٌ خاطِيةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ بن عَبِيدَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَش، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، عن عبد الله، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَجِيءُ الرَّجُلُ آخِذًا بيَدِ الرَّجُلِ فيقولُ: يا رَبّ، هذا قَتلَنِي. قال: فيقولُ اللهُ: لِمَ قَتَلتَه؟ فيقولُ: لِتَكونَ العِزَّةُ لِفُلانٍ. فيقولُ: فإنَّها لَيسَت لِفُلانٍ، بُؤْ بذَنبِه\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد الصَّمَدِ العَمِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ قال: قُلتُ لِجُندُبٍ: إنّ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أخَذَ بَيعَتِي على أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٩/ ٢٣٠ (٥١٣)، والحاكم ٣/ ١١٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد، وعند الحاكم: محمد بن لبيد. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ٣٠١: ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٠٠٨) من طريق معتمر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٣٢).","vol":"17","page":82},{"text":"أُقاتِلَ مَن قاتَلَ وأُحارِبَ مَن حارَبَ، وإِنَّه يَدعونِي إلَى قِتالِ أهلِ الشّامِ. قال: افتَدِهِ بمالِكَ. قال: قُلتُ: إنَّهُم أَبَوْا إلَّا أن أُقاتِلَ مَعَهُم. قال: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ - واللَّهِ ما كَذَبَنِي - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَجِيءُ العَبدُ يَومَ القيامَةِ وقَد تَعَلَّقَ بالرَّجُلِ فيَقولُ: أيْ رَبّ، قَتَلَنِي هذا. قال: فيقولُ اللهُ ﷿: عَلَامَ قَتَلتَ هذا؟ فيقولُ: قَتَلتُه على مُلكِ فُلانٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي ظَبْيانَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَرِيَّةً إلَى الحُرَقُاتِ (^٢)، فنَذِروا (^٣) وهَرَبوا، وأدرَكنا رَجُلًا، فلَمّا غَشِيناه قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فضَرَبناه حَتَّى قَتَلناه، فعَرَضَ في نَفسِي مِن ذَلِكَ شَئٌ، فذَكَرتُه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن لَكَ بلا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّما قالَها مَخافَةَ السِّلاحِ والقَتلِ. قالَ: \"أفَلا شَقَقْتَ عن قَلبِه حَتَّى تَعلَمَ قالَها مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ أم لا؟ مَن لَكَ بلا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". قال: فما زالَ يقولُ حَتَّى ودِدتُ أنِّي لَم أُسلِمْ إلَّا يَومَئذٍ. قال أبو ظَبيانَ: قال سَعدٌ: وأنا واللَّهِ لا أقتُلُه حَتَّى يَقتُلَه ذو البُطَينِ - يَعنِي أُسامَةَ - فقالَ رَجُل: ألَيسَ قَد قال اللهُ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣، الأنفال: ٣٩] قال سَعدٌ: فقَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٠٠)، والنسائي (٤٠٠٩) من طريق أبي عمران بنحوه. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٣٣).\n(^٢) الحرقات: قبيلة من جهينة. عمدة القاري ٢٦/ ١٢٨.\n(^٣) نذروا: علموا وأحسوا. النهاية ٥/ ٣٩.","vol":"17","page":83},{"text":"قاتَلناهُم حَتَّى لَم تكنْ فِتنَةٌ، وأنتَ وأصحابُكَ تُريدونَ أن نُقاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكونَ فتنَةٌ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَش (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدِ بن زيادٍ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ العباس، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أتاه رَجُلانِ في فِتنَةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فقالا: إنَّ النّاسَ قَد صَنَعوا ما تَرَى، وأنتَ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فما يَمنَعُكَ أن تَخرُجَ؟ قال: يَمنَعُنِي أن اللهَ حَرَّمَ عليَّ دَمَ أخِي المُسلِمِ. قَالَا: أوَ لَم يَقُلِ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٣٩]؟ قال: فقَد قاتَلنا حَتَّى لَم تكُنْ فِتنَةٌ وكانَ الدّينُ لله، وأنتُم تُريدونَ أن نُقاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكونَ فِتنَةٌ ويَكونَ الدّينُ لِغَيرِ اللهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن عبد الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ الرَّزْجاهِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ ناجِيَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عبد العَزيزِ الجَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى المَعافِرِيُّ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٩٢) عن محمد بن إسحاق الصغانى به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٤). وسيأتي في (١٦٩٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٦/ ١٥٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه نعيم بن حماد في الفتن (٤٣٤) عن عبد الوهاب به. والطبراني (١٣٠٤٦) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥١٣).","vol":"17","page":84},{"text":"شُرَيحٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أن رَجُلًا جاءَه فقالَ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ ألا تَسمَعُ ما ذَكَرَ اللهُ في كِتابِه: ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا﴾ [الحجرات: ٩] فما يَمنَعُكَ أن تُقاتِلَ كما ذَكَرَ اللهُ في كِتابِه؟ فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِي، أعبُرُ بهَذِه الآيَةِ ولا أُقاتِلُ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أعبُرَ بالآيَةِ التي قال اللهُ ﷿ قَبلَها: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ﴾ الآية [النساء: ٩٣]. قال: فإِنَّ اللهَ قال: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: قَد فعَلناه على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ كان الإسلامُ قَليلًا، وكانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفتَنُ عن دينِه إمّا أن يَقتُلوه أو يوثِقوه، حَتَّى ظَهَرَ الإسلامُ ولَم يمُنْ فِتنَةٌ. فلَمّا رأى أنَّه لا يوافِقُه فيما يُريدُ قال: فما قَولُكَ في عليٍّ وعُثمانَ - ﵄ -؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: أمّا عُثمانُ فقَد عَفا اللهُ عنه فكَرِهتُم أن [يَعفوَ اللهُ عنه] (^١)، وأمّا عليٌّ فابنُ عَمِّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وخَتَنُه. وأشارَ بيَدِه فقالَ: هذا بَيتُه حَيثُ تَرَونَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ الجَرَوِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن بَيانٍ، أن وَبَرَةَ حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تعفوا عنه\". وقد ضبب في الأصل على لفظ الجلالة، وكتب \"يعفو\" بدون نقط، ورواية البخاري: \"تعفوا عنه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣ من طريق حيوة به مطولًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦٥٠).","vol":"17","page":85},{"text":"سعيدُ بن جُبَيرٍ قال: خَرَجَ عَلَينا - أو: إلَينا - عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ ونَحنُ نَرجو أن يُحَدِّثَنا حَديثًا حَسَنًا، فمَرَرنا برَجُلٍ يُقالُ له حُكَيمٌ فقالَ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ كَيفَ تَرَى في القِتالِ في الفِتنَةِ؟ فقالَ: هَل تَدرِي ما الفِتنَةُ ثَكِلَتكَ أُمُّكَ؟ كان محمدٌ - ﷺ - يُقاتِلُ المُشرِكينَ، فكان الدُّخولُ فيهِم - أو قال: في دينِهِم - فِتنَةً، ولَيسَ بقِتالِكُم على المُلكِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا كَهمَسُ بن الحَسَن، عن أبي الأزهَرِ الضُّبَعِيِّ، عن أبي العاليَةِ البَرَّاء، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ صَفوانَ كانا ذاتَ يَومٍ قاعِدَينِ في الحِجر، فمَرَّ بهِما ابنُ عُمَرَ وهو يَطوفُ بالبَيت، فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: أتُراه بَقِيَ أحَدٌ خَيرٌ مِن هذا؟ ثُمَّ قال لِرَجُلٍ: ادعُه لَنا إذا قَضَى طَوافَه. فلَمّا قَضَى طَوافَه وصلَّى رَكعَتَينِ أتاه رسولُهُما فقالَ: هذا عبدُ اللهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن صَفوانَ يَدعُوانِكَ. فجاءَ إلَيهِما، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن صَفوانَ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَن، ما يَمنَعُكَ أن تُبايعَ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ - يَعني ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ - فقَد بايَعَ له أهلُ العَروضِ (^٣) وأهلُ العِراقِ وعامَّةُ أهلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٠٧) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦٥١).\n(^٣) العروض: بفتح العين، يطلق على مكة والمدينة واليمن، وقيل: مكة والطائف. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٦٥٨.","vol":"17","page":86},{"text":"الشّام. فقالَ: واللَّهِ لا أُبايِعُكُم وأنتُم واضِعو سُيوفِكُم على عَواتِقِكُم تَصَبَّبُ أيديكُم مِن دِماءِ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنا المُنذِرُ بن ثَعلَبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن حَربٍ العَبدِيُّ قال: كُنتُ جَليسًا لِعَبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ في المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ زَمَنَ ابنِ الزُّبَير، وفِي طاعَةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ رُءوسُ الخَوارجِ؛ نافِعُ بن الأزرَقِ وعَطيَّةُ بن الأسوَدِ ونَجدَةُ، فبَعَثوا أو بَعضُهُم شابًّا إلَى عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ: ما يَمنَعُكَ أن تُبايعَ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ؟ فرأيتُه حينَ مَدَّ يَدَه وهِيَ تَرجُفُ مِنَ الضَّعفِ، فقالَ: واللَّهِ ما كُنتُ لأُعطِيَ بَيعَتِي في فُرقَةٍ، ولا أمنَعُها مِن جَماعَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّه، أخبرَنا عَوفٌ، عن أبي المِنْهالِ قال: لَمّا كان زَمَنُ أُخرِجَ ابنُ زيادٍ، وثَبَ مَروانُ بالشّامِ حَيثُ وثَبَ (^٣)، ووَثَبَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ بمَكَّةَ، ووَثَبَ الَّذينَ كانوا يُدعَونَ القُرّاءَ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١٨٩ من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. ونعيم بن حماد في الفتن (٤١٢) عن ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣١/ ١٩٠ من طريق أبي الحسين بن الفضل به.\n(^٣) وثب: أي على الخلافة. ينظر عمدة القارى ٢٤/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٤) القراء: طائفة سموا أنفسهم توابين ندموا على ترك مساعدة الحسين غلبوا على البصرة ونواحيها. المصدر السابق.","vol":"17","page":87},{"text":"بالبَصرَةِ، قال: غُمَّ أبي غَمًّا شَديدًا فقالَ: انطَلِقْ - لا أبا لَكَ - إلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، إلَى أبي بَرْزَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ مَعَه حَتَّى دَخَلنا عَلَيه في دارِه، فإِذا هو قاعِدٌ في ظِلِّ عُلْوٍ له مِن قَصَبٍ في يَومٍ حارٍّ شَديدِ الحَرِّ، فجَلَسنا إلَيه، فأنشأ أبي يَستَطعِمُه قال: يا أبا بَرْزَةَ ألا تَرَى؟ ألا تَرَى؟ قال: فكانَ أوَّلَ شَئٍ تَكَلَّمَ به أن قال: إنِّي أحتَسِبُ عِندَ اللهِ أنِّي أصبَحتُ ساخِطًا على أحياءِ قُرَيشٍ؛ إنَّكُم مَعشَرَ العُرَيبِ كُنتُم على الحالِ التي قَد عَلِمتُم في جاهِليَّتِكُم مِنَ القِلَّةِ والذِّلَّةِ والضَّلالَة، وإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ نَعَشَكُم (^١) بالإسلامِ وبِمُحَمَّدٍ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَلَغَ بكُم ما تَرَونَ، وإِنَّ هذه الدُّنيا التي أفسَدَت بَينَكُم؛ إنَّ ذاكَ الَّذِي بالشّامِ - يَعنِي مَروانَ - واللهِ ما يُقاتِلُ إلَّا على الدُّنيا، وإِنَّ ذاكَ الَّذِي بمَكَّةَ واللهِ إنْ يُقاتِلُ إلَّا على الدُّنيا، وإِنَّ الَّذينَ حَولَكُمُ الَّذينَ تَدعونَهُم قُرّاءَكُم واللهِ إنْ يُقاتِلونَ إلَّا على الدُّنيا. قال: فلَمّا لَم يَدَعْ أحَدًا قال له أبي: فما تأمُرُنا إذن؟ قال: إنِّي لا أرَى خَيرَ النّاسِ اليَومَ إلَّا عِصابَةً مُلبِدَةً (^٢) - وقالَ بيَدِه - خِماصَ البُطونِ (^٣) مِن أموالِ النّاس، خِفافَ الظُّهورِ مِن دِمائهِم (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عَوفٍ الأعرابِيِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) نعشكم: رفعكم. ينظر التاج ١٧/ ٤١٧ (ن ع ش).\n(^٢) الملبد: المبهم اللاصق بالأرض، وأراد الذين لا يخاصمون. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٣١٢.\n(^٣) خماص البطون: أي أنهم أعفة عن أموال الناس، فهم ضامرو البطون من ذلك. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٨٠.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان - كما في فتح الباري ١٣/ ٧٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٠٥) من طريق أبي المنهال به بنحوه، وفيه زيادة.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧١١٢).","vol":"17","page":88},{"text":"١٦٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ وعامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ قالا: قال مَروانُ بن الحَكَمِ لأيمَنَ بنِ خُرَيمٍ: ألا تَخرُجُ فتُقاتِلَ معنا؟ فقالَ: إنَّ أبي وعَمِّي شَهِدا بَدرًا، وإِنَّهُما عَهِدا إلَيَّ أَلَّا أُقاتِلَ أحَدًا يقولُ لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ، فإِن أنتَ جِئتَنِي ببَراءَةٍ مِنَ النّارِ قاتَلتُ مَعَكَ. قال: فاخرُجْ عَنّا. قال: فخَرَجَ وهو يقولُ:\nولَستُ بقاتِلٍ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي ... على سُلطانِ آخَرَ مِن قُرَيشِ\nله سُلطانُه وعَلَيَّ إثمِي ... مَعاذَ اللَّهِ مِن جَهلٍ وطَيشِ\nأأقتُلُ مُسلِمًا في غَيرِ جُزْمٍ ... فلَيسَ بنافِعِي ما عِشتُ عَيشِي (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3600>بابُ أمانِ المَرأةِ المُسلِمَةِ والرَّجُلِ المُسلِمِ حُرًّا كان أو عبدًا</span>\n\n١٦٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ يَزيدَ التَّيمِيّ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذِمَّةُ المُسلِمينَ واحِدَةٌ، يَسعَى بها أدناهُم؛\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٥٧، ١٥٨، وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني (٨٥١، ٨٥٢)، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٧٧٣)، ومن طريقه أبو عمرو الدانى في السنن الواردة في الفتن (١٠٥)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢٥٢٦) من طريق إسماعيل عن الشعبى وحده. وأبو يعلى (٩٤٧) من طريق الشعبى به.","vol":"17","page":89},{"text":"فمَن أخفَرَ (^١) مُسلِمًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يَقبَلُ اللهُ ﷿ مِنه صَرْفًا ولا عَدْلًا (^٢) \". رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٨٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ الخَفّافُ قالا: حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَل، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَاد قال: دَخَلتُ أنا والأَشْتَرُ على علي بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يَومَ الجَمَل، فقُلتُ: هَل عَهِدَ إلَيكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَهدًا دونَ العامَّةِ؟ فقالَ: لا، إلَّا هذا. وأخرَجَ مِن قِرابِ سَيفِه، فإِذا فيها: \"المُؤمِنونَ تَكَافَأُ دِماؤُهُم، يَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، وهُم يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم، لا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بكافِرٍ، ولا ذو عَهدٍ في عَهدِهِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٦٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخفر: نقض العهد. المغرب ١/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٢) الصرف: التوبة. وقيل: النافلة. والعدل: الفِدْية. وقيل: الفريضة. النهاية ٣/ ٢٤.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ٢٢٧، ٢٢٨، والمعرفة (٥٤٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٥)، والترمذي (٢١٢٧) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وعندهم بأطول من هذا. وتقدم في (١٠٠٤٢) وسيأتي في (١٨٢١٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٧٠/ ٤٦٧).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤١ وصححه، وأحمد (٩٩٣). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٧٤٨) من طريق يحيى به. وتقدم في (١٣٨٧٨، ١٦٠٠٩).","vol":"17","page":90},{"text":"إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الأسوَد، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إن كانَتِ المَرأةُ لتجِيرُ على المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٦٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ عمرٍو اليَشكُرِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن حَفصٍ المَكِّيُّ مِن ولَدِ عبد الدّار، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"العَبدُ لا يُعطَى مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ شيئًا، ويُعطَى مِن خُرْثِيِّ المَتاع، وأمانُه جائزٌ\". عُمَرُ بن حَفصٍ المَكِّيُّ ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ زَيدٍ - وكانَ غَزا على عَهدِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ - قال. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فلَمّا رَجَعنا تَخَلَّفَ عبدٌ مِن عَبيدِ المُسلِمينَ، فكَتَبَ لَهُم أمانًا في صَحيفَةٍ، فرَماه إلَيهِم. قال: فكَتَبْنا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إنَّ عبدَ المُسلِمينَ منَ المُسلِمينَ، ذِمَّتُه ذِمَّتُهُم. فأجازَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أمانَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٩٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٨٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٧٦٤) من طريق إبراهيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٠٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٢٦٥).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٩٩٠) مطولًا. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٥٠٠)، والبلاذرى في فتوح البلدان (٩٦٤ - ٩٦٦) من طريق عاصم به. وسيأتي في (١٨٢٢١). وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ١٢١: سند صحيح إلى فضيل.","vol":"17","page":91},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3601>كتابُ المرتدِّ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3602>بابُ قَتلِ مَنِ ارتَدَّ عن الإسلامِ</span>\n\n١٦٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عيسَى بنُ الطَّبّاع، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو أُمامَةَ بن سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قالا: كُنّا مَعَ عثمانَ - ﵁ - في الدّارِ وهو مَحصورٌ، وكُنّا إذا دَخَلنا نَدخُلُ مَكانًا نَسمَعُ كَلامَ مَن بالبَلاط، فخَرَجَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - يَومًا مُتَغَيِّرًا لَونُه، قُلنا: ما لَكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: إنَّهُم لَيواعِدونِي بالقَتلِ. فقُلنا: يَكفيكَهُمُ اللهُ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: وبِمَ يَقتُلونِي وقَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِئٍ مسلمٍ إلَّا بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ رَجُلٌ كَفَرَ بعدَ إسلامِه، أو زَنَى بعدَ إحصانِه، أو قَتَلَ نَفسًا بغَيرِ نَفسٍ (^١) \". فَواللهِ ما زَنَيتُ في جاهِليَّةٍ ولا إسلامٍ قَطُّ، ولا قَتَلتُ نَفسًا بغَيرِ نَفسٍ، ولا تَمَنَّيتُ بدينِي بَدَلًا مُذ هَدانِي اللهُ ﷿ لِلإسلام، فبِمَ يَقتُلونِي؟ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٢٤) مختصرًا. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠٣١) من طريق محمد بن عيسى به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٩٣٩). وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٥٢).","vol":"17","page":93},{"text":"١٦٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن مِهرانَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُلٍ مسلمٍ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنِّي رسولُ اللَّهِ إلَّا أحَدَ ثَلاثَةِ نَفَرٍ؛ النَّفسُ بالنَّفس، والثَّيِّبُ الزّانِي، والتّارِكُ لِدينِه المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَش، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: قامَ فينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"والَّذِي لا إِلَه غَيرُه لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُلٍ مسلمٍ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنِّي رسولُ اللهِ إلَّا ثَلاثةَ نَفَرٍ؛ التّارِكُ الإسلامَ المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ - أوِ: الجَماعَةَ - والثَّيِّبُ الزّانِي، والنَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ\". قال الأعمَشُ: فحَدَّثتُ به إبراهيمَ، فحَدَّثَنِي عن الأسوَدِ عن عائشَةَ بمِثلِهِ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٢٢). وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٠)، وسيأتي في (١٦٩٤٥، ١٧٠٠٦، ١٧٣٩٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٧٨)، ومسلم (١٦٧٦/ ٢٥).\n(^٣) أحمد (٢٥٤٧٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠٢٧، ٤٠٢٨)، وابن حبان (٤٤٠٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٦٧٦/ ٢٦).","vol":"17","page":94},{"text":"١٦٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: لَمّا بلَغَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵁ - أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - حَرَّقَ المُرتَدِّينَ أوِ الزَّنادِقَةَ قال: لَو كُنتُ أنا لَم أُحَرِّقْهُم، ولَقَتَلتُهُم؛ لِقَولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن بَدَّلَ دينَه فاقتُلوه\". ولَم أُحَرِّقْهُم؛ لِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنبَغِي لأحَدٍ أن يُعَذِّبَ بعَذابِ اللهِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ وداودُ بن قَيسٍ وهِشامُ بن سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن غَيْرَ دينَه فاضرِبوا عُنُقَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٢٥)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠١٨)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٥) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٤٣٥١)، والترمذي (١٤٥٨)، والنسائي (٤٠٧١) من طريق أيوب به. وسيأتي في (١٦٩٤٢، ١٦٩٤٣، ١٨١١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠١٩)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٥٧، ومالك ٢/ ٧٣٦، ومن طريقه ابن المظفر في غرائب مالك (٩٣).","vol":"17","page":95},{"text":"١٦٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ بنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدٍ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ القَطّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علي الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ - قال مُسَدَّدٌ: حدثنا قُرَّةُ بن خالِدٍ - حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبو بُردَةَ قال: قال أبو موسَى: أقبَلتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ومَعِي رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأشعَريِّينَ؛ أحَدُهُما عن يَمينِي، والآخَرُ عن يَسارِي، ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَستاكُ، فكِلاهُما سألَ العَمَلَ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ساكِتٌ، فقالَ: \"ما تَقولُ يا أبا موسَى؟ أو: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ قَيسٍ؟ \". قُلتُ: والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما أطلَعانِي على ما في أنفُسِهِما، وما شَعَرتُ أنَّهُما يَطلُبانِ العَمَلَ. قال: وكأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَى سِواكِه تَحتَ شَفَتِه قَلَصَت، قال: \"لَن أستَعمِلَ - أو: لا أستَعمِلُ - على عَمَلِنا مَن أرادَه، ولكنِ اذهَبْ أنتَ يا أبا موسَى. أو: يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ قَيسٍ\". فبَعَثَه على اليَمَنِ ثُمَّ أتبَعَه مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ. قال: فلَمّا قَدِمَ عَلَيه مُعاذٌ قال: انزِلْ. وألقَى له وِسادَةً، وإِذا رَجُلٌ عِندَه موثَقٌ قال: ما هذا؟ قال: هذا كان يَهوديًّا فأسلَمَ ثُمَّ راجَعَ دينَه دينَ السَّوءِ. قال: لا أجلِسُ حَتَّى يُقتَلَ؛ قَضاءُ اللهِ ورسولِه - ﷺ -. ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، وأمَرَ به فقُتِلَ، ثُمَّ تَذاكَرا قيامَ اللَّيلِ فقالَ أحَدُهُما مُعاذُ بن جَبَلٍ - ﵁ -: أمّا أنا فأنامُ وأقومُ - أو: أقومُ وأنامُ - وأرجو في نَومَتي ما أرجو في قَومَتي (^١). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢، وأبو داود (٤٣٥٤)، وأحمد (١٩٦٦٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٤) من طريق يحيى به.","vol":"17","page":96},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي قُدامَةَ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3603>بابُ ما يَحْرُمُ به الدَّمُ مِنَ الإِسلام، زِنديقًا كان أو غَيَرهُ</span>\n\n١٦٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي نَصرٍ الدّارَبَردِيُّ والحَسَنُ بن حَليمٍ بمَروَ قالا: حدثنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بن يَزيدَ اللَّيْثِيُّ ثُمَّ الجُندَعِيُّ، أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عَدِيِّ بنِ الخِيَارِ أخبَرَه، أن مِقدادَ بنَ عمرٍو الكِنْدِيَّ - وكانَ حَليفًا لِبَنِي زُهرَةَ، وكانَ مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - أخبَرَه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أرأيتَ إن لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الكُفّارِ فاقتَتَلنا، فضرَبَ إحدَى يَدَيَّ بالسَّيفِ فقَطَعَها، ثُمَّ لاذَ مِنِّي بشَجَرَةٍ فقالَ: أسلَمتُ للهِ. أقتُلُه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ بعدَ أن قالَها؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقتُلْه\". قالَ: يا رسولَ الله، فإِنَّه قَطَعَ إحدَى يَدَيَّ ثُمَّ قال ذَلِكَ بعدَ ما قَطَعَها، أفأقتُلُه؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقتُلْه، فإِن قَتَلتَه فإِنَّه بمَنزِلَتِكَ قبلَ أن تَقتُلَه، وأنتَ بمَنزِلَتِه قبلَ أن يَقولَ كَلِمَتَه التي قال\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٩٢٣)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٤٥٦ (١٧٣٣/ ١٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٥٨) عن الحسن بن حليم به. وابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٤٨)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٤٩ (٥٩١)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه على مسلم (٢٧٣) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٦٥)، ومسلم (١٥٧/ ٩٥).","vol":"17","page":97},{"text":"١٦٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي ظَبْيانَ قال: حدثنا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَريَّةً إلَى الحُرَقات، فنَذِروا فهَرَبوا، فأدرَكْنا رَجُلًا، فلَمّا غَشِيناه قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فضَرَبناه حَتَّى قَتَلناه، فعَرَضَ في نَفسِي شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ، فذَكَرتُه لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"مَن لَكَ بلا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّما قالَها مَخافَةَ السِّلاحِ والقَتلِ. قالَ: \"أفَلا شَقَقتَ عن قَلبِه حَتَّى تَعلَمَ قالَها مِن أجلِ ذَلِكَ أم لا؟ مَن لَكَ بلا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". قالَ: فما زالَ يقولُ حَتَّى ودِدتُ أنِّي لَم أُسلِمْ إلَّا يَومَئذٍ. قال أبو ظَبْيانَ: قال سَعدٌ: وأنا واللَّهِ لا أقتُلُه حَتَّى يَقتُلَه ذو البُطَينِ. يَعنِي أُسامَةَ. قال رَجُلٌ: ألَيسَ قَد قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٣، والأنقال: ٣٩]؟ قال سَعدٌ: قَد قاتَلْنا حَتَّى لَم تَكُنْ فِتنَةٌ، وأنتَ وأصحابُكَ تُريدونَ أن تُقاتِلوا حَتَّى تَكونَ فِتنَةٌ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ عن حُصينٍ عن أبي ظَبْيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٦١) عن محمد بن يعقوب به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٤، ١٦٨٨٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٨/ ٩٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٦٩، ٦٨٧٢)، ومسلم (١٥٩/ ٩٦).","vol":"17","page":98},{"text":"الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ الخِيَار، أن رَجُلًا سارَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فلَم يُدْرَ (^١) ما سارَّه به حَتَّى جَهَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فإِذا هو يَستأمِرُه في قَتلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ، - فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَيسَ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا الله؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولا شَهادةَ لَه. قال: \"ألَيسَ يُصَلِّي؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولا صَلاةَ لَه. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أولَئكَ الَّذينَ نَهانِي الله عَنهُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِيِّ بنِ الخِيَار، أنَّ عبدَ (^٣) اللَّهِ بنَ عَدِي حَدَّثَه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بَينا هو جالِسٌ مَعَ أصحابِه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فاستأذَنَه في أن يُسارَّه. قال: فأذِنَ له، فسارَّه في قَتلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ، فجَهَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ألَيسَ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولا شَهادَةَ لَه. قال: \"ألَيسَ يُصَلِّي؟ \". قال: بَلَى، ولَكِن لا صَلاةَ لَه. قال: \"أولَئكَ الَّذينَ نُهيتَ عَنهُم\" (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فأخبَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - المُستأذِنَ في قَتلِ المُنافِقِ إذْ أظهَرَ الإسلامَ أنَّ اللهَ نَهاه عن قَتلِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ندر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٥٣، ٢٠٥٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥٧، ومالك ١/ ١٧١. وتقدم في (٦٥٧٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"عبيد\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (٦٥٧٦).\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ١٥٧.","vol":"17","page":99},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوّينا في الحَديثِ الثّابِتِ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدْرِيِّ في قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قال لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: اتَّقِ اللهَ. في القِسمَةِ الَّذِي قَسَمَها. واستِئذانِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ في قَتلِه، وقَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا؛ لَعَلَّه أن يَكونَ يُصَلِّي\". قال خالِدٌ: وكَم مِن مُصلٍّ يقولُ بلِسانِه ما لَيسَ في قَلبِهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لَم أُومَرْ أن أُنَقِّبَ عن قُلوبِ النّاسِ ولا أشُقَّ بُطونَهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٦٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إِلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فإذا قالوها مَنَعوا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللهِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَثَنا الفِريابِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٠٨)، والبخارى (٤٣٥١)، ومسلم (١٠٦٤/ ١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٢٥). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٠٧٧، ١٣٣١١، ١٦٧٧٢).\n(^٢) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبي جعفر بن البخترى (٣٧٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٤٠)، والترمذي (٢٦٠٦)، والنسائي (٣٩٨٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٢٧) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وتقدم في (٥٢٠٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٥/ ٢١).","vol":"17","page":100},{"text":"النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فإذا قالوا: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. عَصَموا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللهِ ﷿\". ثُمَّ قرأ ﴿فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مُذَكِّرٌ (٢١) لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ﴾ (^١) [الغاشية: ٢١، ٢٢]. أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فأعلَمَ أن حُكمَهُم في الظّاهِرِ أن تُمنَعَ دِماؤُهُم بإِظهارِ الإيمان، وحِسابُهُم في المَغيبِ على اللَّهِ ﷿. قال: وقَد آَمَنَ بَعضُ النّاسِ ثُمَّ ارتَدَّ ثُمَّ أظهَرَ الإيمانَ، فلَم يَقتُلْه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وقَتَلَ مِنَ المُرتَدِّينَ مَن لَم يُظهِرِ الإيمانَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩١١ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا بكرُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن هِلالٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن واقِدٍ، عن يَزيدَ النَّحْوِيّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي سَرْحٍ يَكتُبُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأزَلَّه الشَّيطانُ فلَحِقَ بالكُفّارِ؛ فأمَرَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُقتَلَ، فاستَجارَ له عثمانُ - ﵁ -، فأجارَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (١٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٧٠) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (١٤٢٠٩)، والترمذي (٣٣٤١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٥، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٥٨)، والنسائي (٤٠٨٠) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به. وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٦٣).","vol":"17","page":101},{"text":"١٦٩١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عاصِمٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ارتَدَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فلَحِقَ بالمُشرِكينَ. قال: فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿كَيْفَ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ قَوْمًا كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِمْ وَشَهِدُوا أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ حَقٌّ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا﴾ [آل عمران: ٨٦ - ٨٩]. قال: فكَتَبَ بها قَومُه إلَيه، فلَمّا قُرِئَتْ عَلَيه قال: واللَّهِ ما كَذَبَنِي قَومِي على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ولا كَذَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على الله ﷿، واللهُ أصدَقُ الثَّلاثَةِ. قال: فرَجَعَ تائبًا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَبِلَ ذلكَ مِنه وخَلَّى سَبيلَه (^١).\n\n١٦٩١٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن عبد المَلِكِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن حاتِمٍ المُعَدِّلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ محمدُ بن مُحَبَّبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، عن فُراتِ بنِ حَيّانَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بقَتلِه - وكانَ عَينًا لأبِي سُفيانَ - فمَرَّ بمَجلِسٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٨) عن علي بن عاصم به. والنسائي (٤٠٧٩)، وابن حبان (٤٤٧٧) من طريق داود بن أبي هند به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٩٢).","vol":"17","page":102},{"text":"الأنصارِ فقالَ: إنِّي مُسلِمٌ. فبَلغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنّا نَكِلُ ناسًا إلَى إيمانِهِم، مِنهُم فُراتُ بن حَيّانَ\". قال: فأقطَعَ له بعدَ ذَلِكَ أرضًا بالبَحرَينِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي محمدٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي عبد اللهِ: وكانَ عَينًا لأبِي سُفيانَ، وحَليفًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصار، فقالَ: إنِّي مُسلِمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ مِنكُم رِجالًا نَكِلُهُم إلَى إيمانِهِم، مِنهُم فُراتُ بن حَيّانَ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٩١٤ - ورَواه الحَجّاجُ بن أرطاةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، أن فُراتَ بنَ حَيّانَ ارتَدَّ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأُتِيَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأرادَ قَتلَه، فشَهِدَ شَهادَةَ الحَقّ، فخَلَّى عنه، وحَسُنَ إسلامُه. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ. فذَكَرَه.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وسَواءٌ كَثُرَ ذَلِكَ مِنه حَتَّى يَكونَ مَرَّةً بعدَ مَرَّةٍ في حَقنِ الدَّمِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٥ وصححه، وعنده: محمد بن حبيب. بدلًا من: محمد بن محبب. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٥٢) من طريق أبي همام به. وأحمد (١٨٩٦٥) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣١٠).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٥٨.","vol":"17","page":103},{"text":"رَجُلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَتابَ نَبْهانَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ، وكانَ نَبْهانُ ارتَدَّ (^١).\n\n١٦٩١٦ - قال سفيانُ: وقالَ عمرُو بن قَيسٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه قال: المُرتَدُّ يُستَتابُ أبَدًا كُلَّما رَجَعَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩١٧ - قال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لي مالكٌ ذَلِكَ؛ أنَّه يُستَتابُ كُلَّما رَجَعَ. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\n\n١٦٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ قال: قَرأتُ على أبي اليَمان، أن شُعَيبَ بنَ أبي حَمزَةَ حَدَّثَه عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: شَهِدْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِرَجُلٍ مِمَّن يَدَّعِي الإسلامَ: \"هذا مِن أهلِ النّارِ\". فلَمّا حَضَرَ القِتالُ قاتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أشَدَّ القِتال، حَتَّى كَثُرَت به الجِراحُ فأثبَتَتْه، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أرأيتَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي ذَكَرتَ أنَّه مِن أهلِ النّار، قَد واللهِ قاتَلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ أشَدَّ القِتال، وكَثُرَت به الجِراحُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَا إنَّه مِن أهلِ النّار\". وكادَ بَعضُ الناسِ يَرتابُ، فبَينا هو على ذَلِكَ وجَدَ الرَّجُلُ ألَمَ الجِراح، فأهوَى بيَدِه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٩٩) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٩٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٩٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٠٠ من طريق سفيان به. وعند عبد الرزاق: عن عمرو بن قيس عن إبراهيم.","vol":"17","page":104},{"text":"كِنانَتِه فاستَخرَجَ مِنها سَهمًا، فانتَحَرَ بها، فاشتَدَّ رِجالٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، قَد صَدَّقَ اللهُ حَديثَكَ؛ قَدِ امتُحِنَ فُلانٌ فقَتَلَ نَفسَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا بلالُ، قُمْ فأذِّنْ: لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلا مُؤمِنٌ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُؤَيِّدُ الدِّينَ بالرَّجُلِ الفاجِرِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمان، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ مَعْمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ولَم يَمنَعْ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما استَقَرَّ عِندَه مِن نِفاقِه، وعَلِمَ - إن كان عَلِمَه مِنَ اللَّهِ - فيه مِن أنَّ حَقْنَ دَمِه بإِظهارِ الإيمانِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وفِي مِثلِ هذا ما:\n\n١٦٩١٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بن عبد العَظيمِ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إياسٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَع، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: عُدنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا مَوعُوكًا. قال: فوَضَعتُ يَدِي عَلَيه، فقُلتُ: واللهِ ما رأيتُ كاليَومِ رَجُلًا أشَدَّ حَرًّا. فَقالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بأشَدَّ حَرًّا مِنه يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ هَذَينِكَ الرَّجُلَينِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٥٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٩١) مختصرًا، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٨٤) مقتصرًا على قوله - ﷺ -: \"إن الله ليؤيد الدين بالرجل الفاجر\" من طريق أبي اليمان به. وابن حبان (٤٥١٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٦٢، ٤٢٠٣)، ومسلم (١٧٨/ ١١١).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٥٨.","vol":"17","page":105},{"text":"المُقَفِّيَينِ (^١) \". لِرَجُلَينِ حينَئذٍ مِن أصحابِهِ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عباسٍ، وقالَ في الحَديثِ: \"الرَّجُلَينِ الرّاكِبَينِ المُقَفِّيَينِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّوريُّ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بن عامِرٍ شاذانُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بن الحَجّاج، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَمّارٍ: أرأيتُم صنِيعَكُم (^٤) هذا الَّذِي صَنَعتُم في أمرِ عليٍّ، أرأْيًا رأيتُموه أو شَيئًا عَهِدَه إلَيكُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالَ: ما عَهِدَ إلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَيئًا لَم يَعهَدْه إلَى النّاسِ كافَةً، ولَكِنَ حُذَيفَةَ أخبرَنِي عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"في أصحابِي اثنا عَشَرَ مُنافِقًا؛ مِنهُم ثَمانيَةٌ لا يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ الجَمَلُ في سَمِّ الخياطِ؛ ثَمانيَةٌ مِنهُم تَكفيهِمُ الدُّبَيلَةُ\". وأربَعَةٌ لَم أحفَظْ ما قال شُعبَةُ فيهِم (^٥). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن الأسوَدِ بنِ عامِرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أي: المولِّيَيْنِ أقفيتهما منصرفَيْنِ. وقوله: لرجلين حينئذ من أصحابه. سماهما من أصحابه لإظهارهما الإسلام والصحبة لا أنهما ممن نالته فضيلة الصحبة. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ١٧/ ١٢٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٢٤٨) من طريق عباس به، وفيه: المقبلين. والحاكم ٤/ ٦٠٨ من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٨٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"صنعكم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣١٩)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٢٧٠) من طريق أسود بن عامر به.\nوليس عند أحمد قوله: \"ثمانية منهم تكفيهم الدبيلة\".\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٧٧٩/ ٩).","vol":"17","page":106},{"text":"ورَواه غُندَرٌ عن شُعبَةَ فقالَ: \"ثَمانيَةٌ مِنهُم تَكفيهِمُ الدُّبَيلَةُ؛ سِراجٌ مِنَ النّارِ يَظهَرُ في أكتافِهِم حَتَّى يَنجُمَ (^١) مِن صُدورِهِم\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فإِن قال قائلٌ: فلَعَلَّ مَن سَمَّيتَ لَم يُظهِرْ شِركًا سَمِعَه مِنه آدَمِيٌّ؛ وإِنَّما أخبَرَ اللهُ عن أسرارِهِم. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقَد سُمِعَ مِن عَدَدٍ مِنهُمُ الشِّركُ وشُهِدَ به عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فمِنهُم مَن جَحَدَه وشَهِدَ شَهادَةَ الحَقِّ، فتَرَكَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بما أظهَرَ، ومِنهُم مَن أقَرَّ بما شُهِدَ به عَلَيه وقالَ: تُبتُ إلَى اللَّهِ. وشَهِدَ شَهادَةَ الحَقِّ، فتَرَكَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بما أظهَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: شَهِدتُ مِن نِفاقِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَيٍّ ثلاثَ مَجالِسَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ أصابَ الناسَ فيه شِدَّةٌ، قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبَيٍّ لأصحابِه: لا تُنفِقوا على مَن عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنفَضُّوا مِن حَولِه.\n_________\n(^١) نجم الشئ ينجُم نجوما: ظهر وطلع. النهاية ٥/ ٢٤، والتاج ٣٣/ ٤٧٨ (ن ج م).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٥)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٩/ ١٠) من طريق غندر به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٦/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٢٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٦٦.","vol":"17","page":107},{"text":"وقالَ: لَئن رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ لَيُخرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنها الأذَل. قال: فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَرتُه. قال: فبَعَثَنِي إلَى عبد اللهِ بنِ أُبَيٍّ، فاجتَهَدَ يَمينَه باللهِ ما فعَلَ. قال: فقالوا: كَذَبَ زَيدٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فوَقَعَ في نَفسِي ما قالوا، حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ تَصديقِي في: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ﴾. قال: ودَعاهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ليَستَغفِرَ لَهُم، فلَوَّوْا رُءوسَهُم، وقَولُه: ﴿كَأَنَّهُمْ خُشُبٌ مُسَنَّدَةٌ﴾ [المنافقون: ٤] قال: كانوا رِجالًا أجمَل شَئٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ تَبوكَ، وما كان على الثَّنِيَّةِ مِن هَمِّ المُنافِقينَ أن يَزْحَموا (^٣) فيها رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وما كان مِن أقوالِهِم، وإِطْلاعِ اللهِ سُبحانَه نَبيَّه - ﷺ - على سَرائرِهِم (^٤). قال: فانحَدَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الثَّنِيَّة، وقالَ لِصاحِبَيْه، يَعنِي حُذَيفَةَ وعَمّارًا: \"هَل تَدرونَ ما أرادَ القَومُ؟ \". قالوا: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أرادوا أن يَزحَمونِي (^٥) في الثَّنيَّةِ فيَطرَحونِي مِنها\". فقالا: أفَلا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٩٨) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (٣٣١٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٩٠٣)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"يرجموا\".\n(^٤) في م: \"أسرارهم\".\n(^٥) في م: \"يرجموني\".","vol":"17","page":108},{"text":"تأمُرُنا يا رسولَ اللهِ فنَضرِبَ أعناقَهُم إذا اجتَمَعَ إلَيكَ النّاسُ؟ فقالَ: \"أكرِهُ أن يَتَحَدَّثَ النّاسُ أنَّ محمدًا قَد وضَعَ يَدَه في أصحابِه يَقتُلُهُم\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في دُعائِه إيّاهُم وإِخبارِه إيّاهُم بسَرائرِهِم، واعتِرافِ بَعضهِم وتَوبَتِهِم، وقَبولِه مِنهُم ما دَلَّ على هذا. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: وأمَرَه أن يَدعُوَ حُصَينَ بنَ نُمَيرٍ، فقالَ له: \"وَيْحَكَ! ما حَمَلَكَ على هَذا؟ \" قال: حَمَلَنِي عَلَيه أنِّي ظَنَنتُ أنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يُطلِعْكَ عَلَيه، فأمّا إذْ أطلَعَكَ اللهُ عَلَيه وعَلِمتَه فإِنِّي أَشهَدُ اليَومَ أنَّكَ رسولُ الله، وأَنْ (^١) لَم أُومِنْ بكَ قَطُّ قبلَ السّاعَةِ يَقينًا. فأقالَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَثْرَتَه، وعَفا عنه بقَولِه الَّذِي قالَ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ هو ابنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا عباسٌ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غِيَاثٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: وقَفَ عَلَينا حُذَيفَةُ ونَحنُ عِندَ عبد اللَّهِ فقالَ: لَقَد نَزَلَ النِّفاقُ على مَن كان خَيرًا مِنكُم. قال: قُلنا: كَيفَ يَكونُ هذا واللهُ يقولُ: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ﴾؟ [النساء: ١٤٥]. قال: فلَمّا تَفَرَّقوا فلَم يَبقَ غَيرِي رَمانِي بحَصاةٍ فقالَ: إنَّهُم لَمّا تابوا كانوا خَيرًا مِنكُم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ (^٤) في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيه، وقالَ في الحَديثِ مِن قَولِ حُذَيفَةَ: عَجِبتُ مِن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وأنى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٥٧، ٢٥٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٩٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"ومسلم\".","vol":"17","page":109},{"text":"ضَحِكِه - يَعنِي ضَحِكَ عبد اللهِ - وقَد عَرَفَ ما قُلتُ؛ لَقَد أُنزِلَ النِّفاقُ على قَومٍ كانوا خَيرًا مِنكُم، ثُمَّ تابوا فتابَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم (^١).\n\n١٦٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سُلَيمانَ البُرُلُّسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن الأعمَش، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَدِ قالا: كُنّا عِندَ عبد الله، فمَرَّ بنا حُذَيفَةُ فقالَ: لَقَد نَزَلَ النِّفاقُ على مَن كان خَيرًا مِنكُم. فقُلنا: سُبحانَ اللهِ! فضَحِكَ عبدُ اللَّهِ ومَضَى، فمَرَّ بنا حُذَيفَةُ، فرَمانِي بالحَصباءِ، فأتَيتُه فقالَ: إنَّ صاحِبَكُم عَلِمَ عِلمًا فضحِكَ؛ نَزَلَ عَلَيهِمُ النِّفاقُ ثُمَّ تيبَ عَلَيهِم.\nوأمّا قَولُ اللهِ ﷿ لِنَبيِّه - ﷺ - في المُنافِقينَ: ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا﴾ [التوبة: ٨٤]. فسَبَبُ نُزولِ هذه الآيَةِ ما:\n\n١٦٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بن بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: جاءَ ابنُ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أُبَيٍّ ابنِ سَلولَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَيثُ ماتَ أبوه، فقالَ: أعطِنِي قَميصكَ حَتَّى أُكَفِّنَه فيه، وصَلِّ عَلَيه، واستَغفِرْ له. فأعطاه قَميصَه، وقالَ: \"إذا فرَغتُم فآذِنونِي\". فلَمّا أرادَ أن يُصلِّيَ عَلَيه جاءَه عُمَرُ وقالَ: ألَيسَ قَد نَهاكَ اللهُ أن تُصَلِّيَ على المُنافِقينَ؟ قال: \"أنا بَينَ خِيَرَتَيْنِ؛\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٦٠٢).","vol":"17","page":110},{"text":"قال: ﴿اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَو لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٨٠] \". قال: فصَلَّى عَلَيه. قال: فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ﴾. قال: فتَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ عَلَيهِم (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ البَزّارُ (^٣)، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِي (^٤) ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: لَمّا ماتَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أُبَيٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ دُعِيَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ليُصَلِّيَ عَلَيه، فلَمّا قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وثَبْتُ إلَيه، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، أتُصَلِّي على ابنِ أُبَيٍّ وقَد قال يَومَ كَذا وكَذا: كَذا وكَذا؟! أُعَدِّدُ عَلَيه قَولَه - فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"أَخِّرْ عَنِّي يا عُمَرُ\". فلَمّا أكثَرتُ عَلَيه قال: \"إِنِّي خُيِّرتُ فاختَرتُ، لَو أعلمُ أنِّي إن زِدتُ على السَّبعينَ غُفِرَ له لَزِدتُ عَلَيها\". فصَلَّى عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ، فلَم يَمكُثْ إلَّا يَسيرًا حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الآيَتانِ في \"بَراءَةَ\": ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ﴾ قال: فعَجِبتُ بَعدُ مِن جُرأتِي على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٥٥٤٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٦١١ عن محمد بن المثنى به. والترمذي (٣٠٩٨) عن محمد بن بشار به. وتقدم في (٦٧٧٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٠٠، ٢٧٧٤)، والبخاري (١٢٦٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"البزاز\". وينظر الأنساب ١/ ٣٣٦، وقد تقدم مرارًا على الصواب.\n(^٤) في م: \"عن\".","vol":"17","page":111},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ، واللهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فهَذا يُبَيِّنُ ما قُلنا، فأمّا أمرُه ﷿ ألَّا يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيهِم، فإِنَّ صَلاتَه - بأبِي هو وأُمِّي - مُخالِفَةٌ صَلاةَ غَيرِه، وأرجو أن يَكونَ قَضَى - إذْ أمَرَه بتَركِ الصَّلاةِ على المُنافِقينَ - ألَّا يُصَلِّيَ على أحَدٍ إلا غُفِرَ له، وقَضَى ألَّا يُغفَرَ لِمُقيمٍ على شِركٍ، فنَهاه عن الصَّلاةِ على مَن لا يُغفَرُ له، ولَم يَمنَعْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الصَّلاةِ عَلَيهِم مُسلِمًا، ولَم يَقتُلْ مِنهُم بعدَ هذا أحَدًا، وتَركُ الصَّلاةِ مُباح على مَن قامَت بالصَّلاةِ عَلَيه طائفَةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وقَد عاشَرَهُم حُذَيفَةُ يَعرِفُهُم بأعيانِهِم، ثُمَّ عاشَرَهُم مَعَ أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵁ - وهُم يُصَلِّي عَلَيهِم، وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا وُضِعَت جِنازَةٌ فرأى حُذَيفَةَ؛ فإِن أشارَ إلَيه أنِ اجلِسْ جَلَسَ، وإن قامَ مَعَه صَلَّى عَلَيها عُمَرُ - ﵁ -. قال: ولَم يَمنَعْ هو ولا أبو بكرٍ قَبلَه ولا عثمانُ بَعدَه المُسلِمينَ الصَّلاةَ عَلَيهِم ولا شَيئًا مِن أحكامِ الإسلام، وقَد أَعلَمَتْ عائشَةُ - ﵂ - أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَمّا تُوُفِّيَ اشْرأَبَّ النِّفاقُ (^٣) بالمَدينَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (١٩٦٥) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٩٥)، والترمذي (٣٠٩٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٧٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٣٦٦، ٤٦٧١).\n(^٣) اشرأب النفاق: ارتفع وعلا. التاج ٣/ ١١٨ (ش ر ب).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٦٦.","vol":"17","page":112},{"text":"محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ في قِصَّةِ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُـ: بَينا النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سائرٌ إلَى تَبوكَ نَزَلَ عن راحِلَتِه ليوحَى إلَيه، وأناخَها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فنَهَضتِ النّاقَةُ تَجُرُّ زِمامَها مُنطَلِقَةً، فتَلَقّاها حُذَيفَةُ، فأخَذَ بزِمامِها يَقودُها حَتَّى أناخَها وقَعَدَ عِندَها، ثُمَّ إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قامَ، قأقبَلَ إلَى ناقَتِه فقالَ: \"مَن هذا؟ \". قالَ: حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فإنِّي مُسِرٌّ إلَيكَ سرًّا لا تُحَدِّثَنَّ به أحَدًا أبَدًا؛ إنِّي نُهِيتُ أن أصَلِّيَ على فُلانٍ وفُلانٍ\". رَهْطٍ ذَوِي عَدَدٍ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ. قال: فلَمّا تُوُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - واستُخلِفَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، فكانَ إذا ماتَ الرَّجُلُ مِن صَحابَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِمَّن يَظُنُّ عُمَرُ أنَّه مِن أولَئكَ الرَّهطِ أخَذَ بيَدِ حُذَيفَةَ فقادَه؛ فإِن مَشَى مَعَه صَلَّى عَلَيه، وإِنِ انتَزَعَ مِن يَدِه لَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيه، وأمَرَ مَن يُصَلِّي عَلَيهِ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ مَوصولًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ.\n\n١٦٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ وأحمَدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ قال: بَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ غَزا تَبوكَ نَزَلَ عن راحِلَتِه، فأُوحِيَ إلَيه وراحِلَتُه بارِكَةٌ، فقامَت تَجُرُّ زِمامَها حَتَّى لَقِيَها حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمان،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٢٤) بزيادة في أوله. وأخرجه الواقدي في المغازي ٣/ ١٠٤٥ عن معمر عن الزهري قال. فذكره.","vol":"17","page":113},{"text":"فأخَذَ بزِمامِها فاقتادَها، حَتَّى رأى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - جالِسًا، فأناخَها ثُمَّ جَلَسَ عِندَها، حَتَّى قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأتاه، فقالَ: \"مَن هَذا؟ \". فقالَ: حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فإنِّي أُسِرُّ إلَيكَ أمرًا فلا تَذكُرَنَّه، إنِّي قَد نُهِيتُ أن أصَلِّيَ على فُلانٍ وفُلانٍ\". رَهْطٍ ذَوِي عَدَدٍ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ، لَم يُعلَمْ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ذَكَرَهُم لأحَدٍ غَيرِ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمان، فلَمّا تُوُفِّيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - في خِلافَتِه إذا ماتَ رَجُلٌ يَظُنُّ أنَّه مِن أولَئكَ الرَّهطِ أخَذَ بيَدِ حُذَيفَةَ فاقتادَه إلَى الصَّلاةِ عَلَيه، فإِن مَشَى مَعَه حُذَيفَةُ صَلَّى عَلَيه، وإِنِ انتَزَعَ حُذَيفَةُ يَدَه فأبَى أن يَمشِيَ مَعَه انصَرَفَ عُمَرُ مَعَه، فأبَى أن يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيه، وأمَرَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يُصَلَّى عَلَيهِ.\n\n١٦٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ (^١) السَّمّاكُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُ: ما بَقِيَ مِن أصحابِ هذه الآيَةِ إلا ثَلاثَة. أظُنُّه أرادَ قَولَه: ﴿فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢] قال: وما بَقِيَ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ إلا أربَعَةٌ. قال: وخَلْفَنا أعرابِيٌّ جالِسٌ قال: إنَّكُم مَعشَرَ أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - تَدرونَ ما لا نَدرِي؛ تَزعُمونَ أنَّه لَم يَبقَ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ إلا أربَعَةٌ؛ فما بالُ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ يَبقُرونَ بُيوتَنا تَحتَ اللَّيلِ؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن\". وكلاهما صحيح، وكلاهما تقدم مرارًا.","vol":"17","page":114},{"text":"فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: أولَئكَ الفُسّاقُ، أجَلْ لَم يَبقَ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ إلا أربَعَةٌ؛ إنّ أحَدَهُم لَشَيخٌ كَبيرٌ لَو شَرِبَ الماءَ البارِدَ ما وجَدَ بَردَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^٢). وأظُنُّه أرادَ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ الَّذينَ سَمّاهُم له رسولُ رَبِّ العالَمينَ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٦٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن واصِلٍ الأحدَب، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: إنَّ المُنافِقينَ اليَومَ شَرٌّ مِنهُم على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ كانوا يَومَئذٍ يَكتُمونَه وهُمُ اليَومَ يَجهَرونَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٣٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ أبي عَونٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قُبِضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فارتَدَّتِ العَرَبُ واشْرأَبَّ النِّفاقُ بالمَدينَةِ؛ فلَو نَزَلَ بالجِبالِ الرّاسياتِ ما نَزَلَ بأبِي لَهاضَها (^٥)، فواللَّهِ ما اختَلَفوا في نُقطَةٍ إلَّا طارَ أبي بحَظِّها وغنائِها (^٦) في الإِسلامِ. وكانَت تَقولُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٢١٥) من طريق إسماعيل به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦٥٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٩٥) من طريق واصل به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١١٣).\n(^٥) الهيض: الكسر بعد جبور العظم. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"عنائها\".","vol":"17","page":115},{"text":"مَعَ هذا: ومَن رأى ابنَ الخطابِ عَرَفَ أنَّه خُلِقَ غَناءً لِلإسلامِ؛ كان واللَّهِ أحوَزِيًّا (^١) نَسيجَ وحدِه، قَد أعَدَّ لِلأُمورِ أقرانَها (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، أن أبا بكرٍ الصَّدّيقَ - ﵁ - أمَرَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى مَنِ ارتَدَّ مِنَ العَرَبِ أن يَدعوَهُم بدِعايَةِ الإِسلام، ويُنبِئَهُم بالَّذِي لَهُم فيه وعَلَيهِم، ويَحرِصَ على هُداهُم، فمَن أجابَه مِنَ النّاسِ كُلِّهِم أحمَرِهِم وأسوَدِهِم كان يَقبَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنه؛ بأنَّه إنَّما يُقاتِلُ مَن كَفَرَ باللَّهِ على الإيمانِ باللَّه، فإِذا أجابَ المُدعَونَ إلَى الإِسلام، وصَدَقَ إيمانُه لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه سَبيلٌ وكانَ اللهُ ﷿ هو حَسيبَه، ومَن لَم يُجِبْه إلَى ما دَعاه إلَيه مِنَ الإِسلامِ مِمَّن يَرجِعُ عنه أن يَقتُلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م، وبعض المصادر: \"أحوذيا\" بالذال، والأحوزى بالزاى: السائق الحسن السياق، وفيه مع سياقه بعض النفار، والأحوذى بالذال: المشمر في الأمور القاهر لها. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٢) الحارث (٩٧١ - بغية). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٢٢، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٠٥٢)، ومن طريقه أبو بكر الشافعي في الغيلانيات (٩٠٤)، وأحمد في فضائل الصحابة (٦٨) عن يزيد به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: \"عبد الرحمن\" بدل: \"عبد الواحد\". والطبراني في الصغير ٢/ ١٠٢ من طريق عبد العزيز به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٩/ ٥٠: رواه الطبراني في الصغير والأوسط من طرق ورجال أحدها ثقات.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٤٩٠).","vol":"17","page":116},{"text":"١٦٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ، حدثنا بِشرُ بن شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدُ بنُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: إنَّ أُناسًا كانوا يُؤْخَذُونَ بالوَحي في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، وإِنَّ الوَحيَ قَدِ انقَطَعَ، وإِنَّما نأخُذُكُمُ الآنَ بما ظَهَرَ مِن أعمالِكُم؛ فمَن أظهَرَ لَنا خَيرًا أمِناه وقَرَّبناه، ولَيسَ إلَينا مِن سَريرَتِه شَئٌ؛ اللَّهُ يُحاسِبُه في سَريرَتِه، ومَن أظهَرَ لَنا سُوءًا لَم نأْمَنْه ولَم نُصَدِّقْه وإِن قال: إنَّ سَريرَتِي حَسَنَةٌ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِرَجُلٍ أظهَرَ الإِسلامَ كان يُعرَفُ مِنه: إنِّي لأحسِبُكَ مُتَعَوِّذًا. فقالَ: إنَّ في الإِسلامِ ما أعاذَنِي. قال: أجَلْ، إنَّ في الإِسلامِ ما أعاذَ مَنِ استَعاذَ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّه بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ أخَذَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ١/ ٧٨ عن أبي بكر بن الحسن به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٩) من طريق شعيب به، وفيه: عبد الرحمن بن عتبة. بدل: عبد اللَّه بن عتبة.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٤١).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٢٨)، والأم ٦/ ١٦٧ وفيه: كان يعرف منه خلافه.","vol":"17","page":117},{"text":"بالكوفَةِ رِجالًا يَنعَشونَ (^١) حَديثَ مُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذابِ يَدعونَ إلَيهِم، فكَتَبَ فيهِم إلَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفانَ - ﵁ -، فكَتَبَ عثمانُ أنِ اعرِضْ عَلَيهِم دينَ الحَقِّ، وشَهادَةَ أنْ لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ، وأنَ محمدًا رسولُ الله، فمَن قَبِلَها وبَرِئَ مِن مُسَيلِمَةَ فلا تَقتُلْه، ومَن لَزِمَ دِينَ مُسَيلِمَةَ فاقتُلْه. فقَبِلَها رِجالٌ مِنهُم فتُرِكُوا، ولَزِمَ دِينَ مُسَيلِمَةَ رِجالٌ فقُتِلوا (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سَعدُ بن يَزيدَ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن سِمَاكٍ، عن قابوسَ بنِ المُخارِق، عن أبيه، أن محمدَ بنَ أبي بكرٍ كَتَبَ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - يَسألُه عن زَنادِقَةٍ مُسلِمينَ، قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أمّا الزَّنادِقَةُ فيُعرَضونَ على الإِسلام، فإِن أسلَموا وإِلَّا قُتِلوا (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبد رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ يقولُ: الزِّنديقُ إنْ هو جَحَدَ وقامَت عَلَيه البَيِّنَةُ فإِنَّه يُقتَلُ، وإِن جاءَ هو مُعتَرِفًا تائبًا فإِنَّه يُترَكُ مِنَ القَتلِ.\n_________\n(^١) ينعشون: يرفعون. ينظر التاج ١٧/ ٤١٧ (ن ع ش).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٤٩٢)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢١١، وعند ابن وهب: عبد اللَّه. بدل: عبيد اللَّه. وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٢٧) من طريق الزهري به، وعنده: يشيعون. بدلًا من: ينعشون. وعند الطحاوي: يفشون.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٩١) من طريق سماك بنحوه وزيادة.","vol":"17","page":118},{"text":"١٦٩٣٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ أنَّه قال في الزِّنديقِ: يقتَلُ ولا يُستَتابُ.\n\n١٦٩٤٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: وقالَ مالك: لا يُستَتابُ (^١).\nقال الشيخ ﵀: قَولُ مَن قال: يُستَتابُ، فإِن تابَ قُبِلَت تَوبَتُه وحُقِنَ دَمُه، واللَّهُ ولِيُّ ما غابَ. أولَى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3604>بابُ الإقرارِ بالإيمانِ</span>\n\n١٦٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ العَنبَرِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بن بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن القاسِم، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"أقاتِلُ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلّا الله، ويُؤمِنوا بي وبِما جِئتُ به، فإِذا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ عَصَموا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأموالَهم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابهُم على اللهِ\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ بِسطامَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر: الموطأ ٢/ ٧٣٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٧١، وفي الصغرى (٣٥٦١) دون ذكر أبي زكريا. وأخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (١٩٦، ٤٠٢) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم البوشنجى به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١١٦) من طريق أمية بن بسطام به. وتقدم في (١٥٣٦٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٤/ ٢١).","vol":"17","page":119},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3605>بابُ قَتلِ مَنِ ارتَدَّ عن الإِسلامِ إذا ثَبَتَ عَلَيه رَجُلًا كان أوِ امرأةً</span>\n\n١٦٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ بقَومٍ مِنَ الزَّنادِقَة، فحَرَّقَهُم بالنّار، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - فقالَ: أمّا أنا فلَو كُنتُ لَقَتَلتُهُم؛ لِقَولِ النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، ولَما حَرَّقتُهُم، لِنَهي النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -؛ قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"مَن بَدَّلَ دينَه فاقتُلوه\" وقالَ: \"لا تُعَذِّبوا بعَذابِ اللَّه ﷿\". لَفظُ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعقوبَ: بقَومٍ مِنَ الزَّنادِقَةِ - أو مُرتَدِّينَ - فأمَرَ بهِم فحُرِّقوا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مِثلَ هذا، وزادَ فيه: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فقالَ: ويحَ ابنِ أُمِّ الفَضلِ؛ إنَّه لَغَوَّاصٌ على الهَنَاتِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥١٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥١)، وابن حبان (٥٦٠٦) من طريق حماد به. وتقدم في (١٦٩٠٢)، وسيأتي في (١٨١١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٢٢).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٥١٦. وأخرجه الدارمى في الرد على الجهمية ص ٩٩، ١٠٠ عن سليمان بن حرب.","vol":"17","page":120},{"text":"١٦٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عبد الوارِث، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ بناسٍ مِنَ الزُّطِّ (^١) يَعبُدونَ وثنَا، فحَرَّقَهُم بالنّار، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّما قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن بَدَّلَ دينَه فاقتُلوه\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن علي بنِ محمدِ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ الماسَرْجِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُل يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ وأنِّي رسولُ اللهِ إلا أحَدَ ثَلَاثةِ نَفَرٍ، النَّفسُ بالنَّفس، والثَّيِّبُ الزّانِي، والتّارِكُ لِدينِه المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا أحمدُ بن المُفَضل، حدثنا أسباطُ بن نَصرٍ قال: زَعَمَ\n_________\n(^١) الزط: جيل من السودان. أو: جيل من أهل الهند. ينظر العين ٧/ ٣٤٧، وتهذيب اللغة ١٣/ ١٥٩، وفتح الباري ٦/ ٤٨٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٦٦)، والنسائي (٤٠٧٦) من طريق عبد الصمد به. وسيأتي في (١٦٩٦٠) مقتصرًا على المرفوع. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٧٨٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٣٤٤، ٢٤٩١)، والبزار (١٩٥٢)، وأبو عوانة (٦١٥٦)، والشاشى (٣٧٥، ٣٧٧) من طريق يعلى به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٠، ١٦٩١٠)، وسيأتي في (١٧٠٠٦، ١٧٣٩٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨٧٨)، ومسلم (١٦٧٦/ ٢٥، ٢٦).","vol":"17","page":121},{"text":"السُّدِّيُّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ أمَّن رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ إلا أربَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وامرأتَين، وقالَ: \"اقتُلوهُم وإن وجَدتُموهُم مُتَعَلِّقينَ بأستارِ الكَعبَةِ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في رِدَّتِهِم ورُجوعِ بَعضِهِم وقَتلِ البَعضِ (^١). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ بتَمامِه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عثمانَ الشَحّام، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن أُمَّ ولَدٍ لِرَجُلٍ سَبَّتْ رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فقَتَلَها، فنادَى مُنادِي رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم -: إنَّ دَمَها هَدَرٌ.\nورَواه أيضًا إسرائيلُ عن عثمانَ الشَّحّامِ بطولِه مَوصولًا (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِي، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن سِمَاكِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَلْقَين، أن امرأةً سَبَّتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقَتَلَها خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ - ﵁ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٤٠٥).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٦٩٦٢) بتمامه، وفي (١٨٨١٥) مختصرًا.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٥٠٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٤٨٣)، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٧٠٢) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.","vol":"17","page":122},{"text":"١٦٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحسينِ (^١)، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ سَلمٍ البَزّارُ (^٢)، حدثنا الخَليلُ بن مَيمونٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أُذَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ الغاز، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرٍ قال: ارتَدَّتِ امرأةٌ عن الإِسلام، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أن يُعرَضَ عَلَيها الإسلامُ وإِلَّا قُتِلَت، فعَرَضوا عَلَيها فأبَت إلا أن تُقتَلَ، فقُتِلَتْ (^٣). في هذا الإِسنادِ بَعضُ مَن يُجهَلُ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ:\n\n١٦٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ بَطحا، حدثنا نَجِيحُ بن إبراهيمَ الزُّهرِيُّ، حدثنا مَعمَرُ بن بَكّارٍ السَّعدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ (^٤) عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرٍ، أن امرأةً يُقالُ لها: أُمُّ مَروانَ. ارتَدَّت عن الإِسلام، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أن يُعرَضَ عَلَيها الإسلامُ، فإِن رَجَعَت وإِلَّا قُتِلَت (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"الحسن\"، وضبب عليها في الأصل، والمثبت من حاشية الأصل وحاشية م، وهو الموافق لما في الكامل لابن عدي.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"البزاز\". وينظر تبصير المنتبه ١/ ١٤٨.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدي ٤/ ١٥٣٠. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٩ من طريق جعفر بن محمد به. قال ابن عدى: عبد اللَّه بن أذينة منكر الحديث.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"ثنا محمد بن عبيد بن عتبة\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٨. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٦/ ١٩٨ من طريق نجيح بن إبراهيم به. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٤٥٩: ومعمر بن بكار في حديثه وهم. قاله العقيلى.","vol":"17","page":123},{"text":"١٦٩٥١ - قال: وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، حدثنا مَعمَرُ بن بَكارٍ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^١).\nوروِيَ عن ابنِ أخِي الزُّهرِيِّ عن عَمِّه بمَعناه (^٢).\nورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -.\nوهَذا مَذهَبُ الزُّهرِيِّ صَحيحٌ عنه:\n\n١٦٩٥٢ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ في المَرأةِ تكفُرُ بعدَ إسلامِها قال: تُستَتابُ، فإِن تابَت وِإلَّا قُتِلَت (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٥٣ - وعن مَعمَرٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ في المَرأةِ تَرتَدُّ قال: تُستَتابُ، فإِن تابَت وإِلا قُتِلَت (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٥٤ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن علي بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانيُّ، عن أبي حَنيفَةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجُود، عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٩.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٧٢٥).\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٧٢٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٤٨٥، ١٩٤٨٦) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"17","page":124},{"text":"أبي رَزِينٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يُقتَلْنَ النِّساءُ إذا هُنَ ارتَدَدْنَ عن الإِسلامِ (^١).\nفأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن المُؤَمَّل، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ قال: سألتُ سُفيانَ عن حَديثِ عاصِمٍ في المُرتَدَّة، فقالَ: أمّا مِن ثِقَةٍ فلا (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: فخالَفَنا بَعضُ النّاسِ في المُرتَدَّة، وكانَت حُجَّتُه شَيئًا رَواه عن عاصِمٍ عن أبي رَزينٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في المَرأةِ تَرتَدُّ عن الإِسلامِ: تُحبَسُ ولا تُقتَلُ. فكَلَّمَنِي بَعضُ مَن يَذهَبُ هذا المَذهَبَ وبِحَضرَتِنا جَماعَةٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديث، فسألناهُم عن هذا الحَديث، فما عَلِمتُ مِنهُم واحِدًا سَكَتَ عن (^٣) أن قال: هذا خَطأٌ، والَّذِي رَوَى هذا لَيسَ مِمَّن يُثبِتُ أهلُ الحَديثِ حَديثَه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد رَوَى بَعضهُم عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قَتَلَ نِسوَةً ارتَدَدنَ عن الإِسلامِ. فكَيفَ لَم يَصرْ إلَيهِ؟ (^٤).\nلَعَلَّه يُريدُ ما:\n\n١٦٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَمِيرُويَه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٧٧)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٠١، وابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٧٢ من طريق أبي حنيفة به. وزاد ابن أبي شيبة في آخره: \"ولكن يحبسن ويدعين إلى الإسلام ويجبرن عليه\".\n(^٢) أحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٤٢٣٦)، ومن طريقه ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٧٢، والخطبب في تاريخه ١٣/ ٤٤٦. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٢٨٤ من طريق آخر عن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٢٩)، والأم ٦/ ١٦٧ مطولًا.","vol":"17","page":125},{"text":"أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مالكٍ الدَّمَشقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - قَتَلَ امرأةً يُقالُ لها: أُمُّ قِرفَةَ. في الرِّدَّةِ.\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مالكٍ عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٦٩٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ التَّنوخِيّ، أن امرأةً لمالُ لها: أُمُّ قِرفَةَ. كَفَرَت بعدَ إسلامِها، فاستَتابَها أبو بكرٍ الصَّدّيقُ - ﵁ -، فلَم تَتُبْ، فقَتَلَها. قال اللَّيثُ: وذاكَ الَّذِي سَمِعنا، وهو رأيِي (^٢).\nقال ابنُ وهبٍ: وقالَ لِي مالكٌ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فما كان لَنا أن نَحتَجَّ به إذْ كان ضَعيفًا عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ضَعْفُه في انقِطاعِه، وقَد رُوِّيناه مِن وجهَينِ مُرسَلَينِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٣٠) من طريق يزيد بن أبي مالك به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٢٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٤٨٤)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١١٤ من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٤٥٩: لكن قيل: إن سعيدًا هذا لم يدرك أبا بكر، فيكون منقطعًا.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٢٨).\n(^٤) الأم ١/ ٢٦١.","vol":"17","page":126},{"text":"١٦٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِثِ أن يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: مَن كَفَرَ بعدَ إيمانِه طائعًا فإِنَّه يُقتَلُ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ فيمَن كَفَرَ بعدَ إيمانِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3606>بابُ العَبدِ يَرتَدُّ</span>\n\n١٦٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ - قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: وسَمِعتُه أنا مِن عبد اللَّهِ - حدثنا حَفصُ بن غِيَاثٍ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن جَريرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \" أيُّما عبدٍ أبَقَ فقَد بَرِئَتْ مِنة الذِّمّةُ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوتَفسيرُه فيما:\n\n١٦٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن جَريرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يقولُ: \"إذا أبَقَ العَبدُ إلَى الشِّركِ فقَد حَلَّ دَمُه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٥٩٤)، وأحمد (١٩٢٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٣/ ٦٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٣٦٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠٦٣) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٩٢٣٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق =","vol":"17","page":127},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3607>بابُ مَن قال في المُرتَدِّ: يُستَتابُ مَكانَه، فإِن تابَ وإِلَّا قُتِلَ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بظاهِرِ ما:\n\n١٦٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يَحيَى بن مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَد، عن هِشامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"مَن بَدَّلَ دينَه فاقتُلوه\" (^١).\nوروّيناه عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢). ورُوِّينا مَعناه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ وعائشَةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن علي بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ الشِّيرازِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لِمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - دَخَلَ عامَ الفَتحِ مَكَّةَ وعَلَى رأسِه مِغفَرٌ، فلَمّا نَزَعَه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ابنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأستارِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"اقتُلوه\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n= من كلام جرير، ثم قال: وربما رفعه شريك. وعنده وعند النسائي: إلى أرض الشرك. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٣٦).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٧٥) عن أحمد بن الحسن به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٩٤٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٩٠٢، ١٦٩٤٢)، وسيأتي في (١٨١١٦).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٩٠٠، ١٦٩٠١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٩٢٩، ١٢٩٨٣، ١٣٥٠٣)، وسيأتي في (١٨٧١٤).","vol":"17","page":128},{"text":"مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n١٦٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا أحمدُ بن المُفَضَّل، حدثنا أسباطُ بن نَصرٍ قال: زَعَمَ السُّدِّيُّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ أمَّنَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - النّاسَ إلا أربَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وامرأتَين، وقالَ: \"اقتُلوهُم وإن وجَدتُموهُم مُتَعَلِّقينَ بأستارِ الكَعبَةِ\". عِكرِمَةُ بن أبي جَهلٍ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن خَطَلٍ، ومِقيَسُ بن صُبابَةَ، وعَبدُ اللَّه بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرْحٍ، فأمّا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن خَطَلٍ فأُدرِكَ وهو مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأستارِ الكَعبَة، فاستَبَقَ إلَيه سعيدُ بن زَيدٍ وعَمّارُ بن ياسِرٍ، فسَبَقَ سعيدٌ عَمّارًا - وكانَ أشَبَّ الرَّجُلَينِ - فقَتَلَه، وأمّا مِقيَسُ بن صُبابَةَ فأدرَكَه النّاسُ في السّوقِ فقَتَلوه، وأمّا عِكرِمَةُ فرَكِبَ البحرَ، فأصابَتهُم عاصِفٌ، فقالَ أصحابُ السَّفينَةِ لأهلِ السَّفينَةِ: أخلِصوا فإِنَّ آلِهَتَكُم لا تُغنِي عَنكُم شَيئًا ههنا. قال عِكرِمَةُ: واللَّهِ لَئن لَم يُنَجِّنِي في البحرِ إلَّا الإخلاصُ لا يُنَجِّينِي في البَرِّ غَيرُه، اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ لَكَ عليّ عَهدًا إن أنتَ عافَيتَنِي مِمّا أنا فيه أنْ آتِيَ محمدًا حَتَّى أضَعَ يَدِي في يَدِه، فلأَجِدَنَّه عَفُوًّا كَريمًا. قال: فجاءَ فأسلَمَ. وأمّا عبدُ اللهِ بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرْحٍ فإِنَّه اختَبَأ (^٢) عِندَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفانَ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا دَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - الناسَ إلَى البَيعَةِ جاءَ به حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٥٧)، والبخاري (١٨٤٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"اختفى\".","vol":"17","page":129},{"text":"أوقَفَه على النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، بايِعْ عبدَ اللهِ. قال: فرَفَعَ رأسَه فنَظَرَ إلَيه، ثَلاثًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يأبَى، فبايَعَه بعدَ ثَلاثٍ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على أصحابِه فقالَ: \"أمَا كان فيكُم رَجُل رَشيدٌ يَقومُ إلَى هذا حينَ رآنِي كَفَفتُ يَدِي عن بَيعَتِه فيقتُلُهُ؟ \". فقالوا: ما يُدرينا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما في نَفسِكَ؟ هَلَّا أومأتَ إلَينا بعَينِكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّه لا يَنبغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أن تَكونَ له خائنَةُ الأعيُنِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: إنَّما أمَرَ بابنِ أبي سَرْحٍ لأنَّه كان قَد أسلَمَ وكانَ يَكتُبُ لِرسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - الوَحيَ، فرَجَعَ مُشرِكًا ولَحِقَ بمَكَّةَ، وإِنَّما أمَرَ بقَتلِ عبد اللهِ بنِ خَطَلٍ لأنَّه كان مُسلِمًا فبَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - مُصَدِّقًا، وبَعَثَ مَعَه رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصار، وكانَ مَعَه مَولًى يَخدُمُه وكانَ (^٢) مُسلِمًا، فنَزَلَ مَنزِلًا فأمَرَ المَولَى أن يَذبَحَ تَيسًا ويَصنَعَ له طَعامًا، ونامَ، فاستَيقَظَ ولَم يَصنَعْ له شَيئًا، فعَدا عَلَيه فقَتَلَه، ثُمَّ ارتَدَّ مُشرِكًا، وكانَت له قَيْنَةٌ (^٣) وصاحِبَتُها، فكانَتا تُغَنَيانِ بهِجاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم -؟ فأمَرَ بقَتلِهِما معه (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٩٤٦)، وسيأتي في (١٨٨١٥) مخصرًا.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) القينة: المغية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٦١، ٦٢ مطولًا، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٤/ ٤٠٩، ٤١٠.","vol":"17","page":130},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبو بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: أقبَلتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ومَعِي رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأشعَريّينَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فبَعَثَه على اليَمَن، ثُمَّ أتبَعَه مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ عَلَيه ألقَى له وِسادَةً وقالَ: انزِلْ. فإِذا عِندَه رَجُلٌ مُوثَقٌ، قال: ما هَذا؟ قال: هذا كان يَهوديًّا فأسلَمَ، ثُمَّ راجَعَ دينَه دينَ السَّوْءِ فتَهَوَّدَ. فقالَ: لا أجلِسُ حَتَّى يُقتَلَ، قَضاءُ اللَّه ورسولِه - ﷺ -. قال: نَعَم، اجلِسْ. قال: لا أجلِسُ حَتَّى يُقتَلَ، قَضاءُ اللَّهِ ورسولِه. ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، قال: فأَمَرَ به فقُتِلَ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا الحِمّانِيُّ يَعنِي عبدَ الحَميدِ بنَ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى وبُرَيدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قَدِمَ عليّ مُعاذٌ - ﵁ - وأنا باليَمَن، ورَجُلٌ كان يَهوديًّا فأسلَمَ فارتَدَّ عن الإِسلام، فلَمّا قَدِمَ مُعاذٌ قال: لا أنزِلُ عن دابَّتِي حَتَّى يُقتَلَ. فقُتِلَ. قال أحَدُهُما. وكانَ قَدِ استُتِيبَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن العَلاء، حدثنا حَفصٌ، حدثنا الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن أبي بُردَةَ بهَذِه القِصَّة،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٠١٨) عن يوسف بن يعقوب به. وتقدم بتمامه في (١٦٩٠٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٢٣)، ومسلم (١٧٣٣/ ١٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٣٥٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٦١).","vol":"17","page":131},{"text":"قال: فأُتِيَ أبو موسَى برَجُلٍ قَدِ ارتَدَّ عن الإِسلام، فدَعاه عِشرينَ لَيلَةً أو قَريبًا مِنها، فجاءَ مُعاذ فدَعاه فأبَى، فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ (^٢): رَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عُمَيرٍ عن أبي بُردَةَ، لَم يَذكُرْ الاستِتابَةَ. ورَواه ابنُ فُضَيلٍ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ عن أبيه عن (^٣) أبي موسَى: لَم يَذكُرْ فيه الاستِتابَةَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِّينا عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - أنَّه أمَرَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى مَنِ ارتَدَّ مِنَ العَرَبِ أن يَدعُوَهُم بدِعايَةِ الإِسلام، فمَن أجابَه قَبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنه، ومَن لَم يُجِبْه إلَى ما دَعاه إلَيه مِنَ الإِسلامِ مِمَّن يَرجِعُ عنه أن يَقتُلَه (^٤).\n\n١٦٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى قال: كان عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - يَدعو المُرتَدَّ ثلاثَ مِرارٍ، ثُمَّ يَقتُلُه (^٥).\n\n١٦٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٥٦)، وصححه الألباني في صحح أبي داود (٣٦٦٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٤٣٥٦).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٩٣٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن شيبة (٢٩٤٦٨، ٣٣٢٩٨) عن معاذ بن معاذ به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٦٩٢) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"17","page":132},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن بُدَيلٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عُمَيرٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - وأُتِيَ بأخِي بَنِي عِجْلٍ المُستَورِدِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ تنَصَّرَ بعدَ إسلامِه، فقالَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ -: ما حُدِّثتُ عَنكَ؟ قال: ما حُدِّثتَ عَنِّي؟ قال: حُدِّثتُ عَنكَ أنَّكَ تنَصَّرتَ. قال: أنا على دينِ المَسيحِ. فقالَ له عليٌّ: وأنا على دينِ المَسيحِ. فقالَ له عليٌّ: ما تَقولُ فيهِ؟ فتَكَلَّمَ بكَلامٍ خَفِيَ عَليَّ، فقالَ عليٌّ: طَئُوه فوُطئَ حَتَّى ماتَ. فقُلتُ لِلَّذِي يَلينِي: ما قالَ؟ قال: قال: المَسيحُ رَبُّه (^١).\n\n١٦٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ بنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن دُرُستَ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ قال: صَلَّيتُ الغَداةَ مَعَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -، فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قامَ رَجُلٌ فأخبَرَه أنَّه انتَهَى إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنِي حَنيفَةَ، مَسجِدِ عبد اللهِ بنِ النَّوّاحَة، فسَمِعَ مُؤَذِّنَهُم يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأنَّ مُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذّابَ رسولُ اللَّه، وأنَّه سَمِعَ أهلَ المَسجِدِ على ذَلِكَ، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: مَن هاهُنا؟ فوَثَبَ نَفَرٌ، فقالَ: عَلَيَّ بابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ وأصحابِهِ. فجِيءَ بهِم وأنا جالِسٌ، فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسعودٍ لِعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ النَّوّاحَةِ: أينَ ما كُنتَ تَقرأُ مِنَ القُرآنِ؟ قال: كُنتُ أتَّقيكُم بهِ. قال: فتُبْ. قال: فأبَى. قال: فأمَرَ قَرَظَةَ بنَ كَعبٍ الأنصارِيَّ فأخرَجَه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١١١. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٥٩٤).","vol":"17","page":133},{"text":"السُّوق، فضَرَبَ رأسَه. قال: فسَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ يقولُ: مَن سَرَّه أن يَنظُرَ إلَى ابنِ النَّواحَةِ قَتيلًا في السُّوقِ فلْيَخرُجْ فلْيَنظُرْ إلَيه. قال حارِثَةُ: فكُنتُ فيمَن خَرَجَ، فإِذا هو قَد جُرِّدَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ ابنَ مَسعودٍ استَشارَ النّاسَ في أولَئكَ النَّفَر، فأشارَ عَلَيه (^١) عَدِيُّ بن حاتِمٍ بقَتلِهِم، فقامَ جَريرٌ والأشعَثُ فقالا: لا، بَلِ استَتِبْهُم وكَفلْهُم عَشائرَهُم. فاستَتابَهُم فتابوا، فكَفَّلَهُم عَشائرَهُم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3608>بابُ مَن قال: يُحبَسُ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ</span>\n\n١٦٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدٍ القارِيّ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رَجُلٌ مِن قِبَلِ أبي موسَى، فسألَه عن النّاس، فأخبَرَه ثُمَّ قال: هَل كان فيكُم مِن مُغَرِّبَةِ خَبَرٍ (^٣)؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، رَجُل كَفَرَ بعدَ إسلامِهِ. قال: فما فعَلتُم بهِ؟ قال: قَرَّبناه فضَرَبنا عُنُقَه. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: فهَلَّا حَبَستُموه ثَلاثًا، وأطعَمتُموه كُلَّ يَومٍ رَغيفًا، واستَتَبتُموه لَعَلَّه (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إليه\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٥٢٥).\n(^٣) مغربة خبر: أي خبر حادث يستغرب، أو خبر جديد جاء من بلد بعيد. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أن\".","vol":"17","page":134},{"text":"يَتوبُ أو يُراجِعُ أمرَ اللَّه، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي لَم أحضرْ ولَم آمُرْ ولَم أرْضَ إذ بَلَغَنِي (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في الكِتابِ: ومَن قال: لا يُتأنَّى به. زَعَمَ أن الحديثَ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: لَو حَبَستُموه ثَلاثًا. لَيسَ بثابِتٍ؛ لأنَّه لا يَعلَمُه مُتَّصِلًا، وإِن كان ثابِتًا كان لَم يَجعَلْ على مَن قَتَلَه قبلَ (^٢) ثَلاثٍ شَيئًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوِيَ في التّأنِّي به حَديثٌ آخَرُ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بإِسنادٍ مُتَّصلٍ:\n\n١٦٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا عليُّ بن عاصِمٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلنا على تُستَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الفَتح، وفِي قُدومِه على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال عُمَرُ: يا أنَسُ، ما فعَلَ الرَّهطُ السِّتَّةُ مِن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ الَّذينَ ارتَدُّوا عن الإِسلامِ فلَحِقوا بالمُشرِكينَ؟ قال: فأخَذتُ به في حَديثٍ آخَرَ ليَشغَلَه عَنهُم. قال: ما فعَلَ الرَّهطُ السِّتَّةُ الَّذينَ ارتَدُّوا عن الإِسلامِ فلَحِقوا بالمُشرِكينَ مِن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ؟\n_________\n(^١) المصف في الصغرى (٣٢٣٤)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠٣٢)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٥٨، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٧٣٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٩٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٥٨٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٩٧، ٣٤٤٠٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن محمد به. وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبي شيبة: محمد بن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"بعد\".\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٢٥٨.","vol":"17","page":135},{"text":"قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، قُتِلوا في المَعرَكَةِ. قال: إنّا للهِ وإِنا إلَيه راجِعونَ. قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، وهَل كان سَبيلُهُم إلَّا القَتلَ؟ قال: نَعَم، كُنتُ أَعرِضُ عَلَيهِم أن يَدخُلوا الإسلامَ، فإِنْ أبَوُا استَودَعتُهُمُ السِّجنَ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه أيضًا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3609>بابُ مَن قال: يُستَتابُ ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فإِن عادَ قُتِلَ</span>\n\n١٦٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: يُستَتابُ المُرتَدُّ ثَلاثًا. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا﴾ (^٣) [النساء: ١٣٧].\n\n١٦٩٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غِيَاث، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: يُستَتابُ المُرتَدُّ ثَلاثًا، فإِن عادَ قُتِلَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٨٧)، وابن أبي شبة (٣٣٢٧٩) من طريق داود به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٦٩٦) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شبة (٣٣٣٠٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٠٠ من طريق وكيع به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢١٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦١١٠) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٠١). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٩٩ من طريق حفص به. بنحو لفظ الحديث السابق.","vol":"17","page":136},{"text":"١٦٩٧٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبد الكَريم، عَمَّن سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: يُستَتابُ المُرتَدُّ ثَلاثًا (^١).\n\n١٦٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ أن أبا عليٍّ الهَمْدانِيَّ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّهُم كانوا مَعَ فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ صاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في البحر، فأُتِيَ برَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَد فرَّ إلَى العَدوّ، فأقالَه الإسلامُ فأسلَمَ، ثُمَّ فرَّ الثّانيَةَ فأُتِيَ به، فأقالَه الإسلامُ فأسلَمَ، ثُمَّ فرَّ الثّالِثَةَ فأُتِيَ به، فنَزَعَ بهَذِه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلًا﴾. فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه (^٢).\nفي إسنادِ هذه الآثارِ ضَعفٌ، والآيَةُ وارِدَةٌ فيمَن ثَبَتَ على الكُفر، وقَد رُوِّينا بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - استَتابَ نَبْهانَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَلحَقُ بالمُشرِكينَ (^٣)، وظاهِرُ الأخبارِ الصَّحيحَةِ فيما يُحقَنُ به الدَّمُ يَشهَدُ لِهَذا المُرسَلِ ويوافِقُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد في العلل (٢٠٧٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٦٠٠ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٤٩١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٩١٥).","vol":"17","page":137},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3610>بابُ مالِ المُرتَدِّ إذا ماتَ أو قُتِلَ على الرِّدَّةِ</span>\n\n١٦٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدٌ هو ابنُ جَنَّادٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ البَراء، عن أبيه قال: لَقيَنِي عَمِّي وقَدِ اعتَقَدَ رايَةً، فقُلتُ: أينَ تُريدُ؟ فقالَ: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - إلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امرأةَ أبيه؟ أضرِبُ عُنقَه وآخُذُ مالَه (^١).\n\n١٦٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا القاضِي أبو سعيدٍ الخَليلُ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ البُسْتِيُّ - قَدِمَ عَلَينا حاجًّا سنةَ أربَعِمِائَةٍ - حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن المُظَفَّرِ البَكرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن مَنازِلَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن أبي كَريمَةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - بَعَثَ أباه جَدَّ مُعاويَةَ إلَى رَجُلٍ عَرَّسَ بامرأةِ أبيه، فأمَرَه فضرَبَ عُنُقَه وخَمَّسَ مالَه (^٢).\nقال أصحابُنا: ضَربُ الرَّقَبَةِ وتَخميسُ المالِ لا يَكونُ إلَّا على المُرتَدٍّ، فكأنَّه استَحَلَّه مَعَ عِلمِه بتَحريمِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد رُوِيَ أن مُعاويَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ - ﵃ - يَسألُهُما عن ميراثِ المُرتَدّ، فقالا: لِبَيتِ المالِ. قال الشافِعِيُّ: يَعنيانِ أنَّه فَئءٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٠٣٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٨٤٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٧٠، وتقدم عقب (١٢٥٩٠).","vol":"17","page":138},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3611>بابُ ما جاءَ في سَبْيِ ذُرِّيَّةِ المُرتَدِّينَ</span>\n\n١٦٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الأصبَهانِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِي قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو الطفَيلِ قال: كُنتُ في الجَيشِ الَّذينَ بَعَثَهُم عليُّ بن أبي طالِب - ﵁ - إلَى بَنِي ناجيَةَ. قال: فانتَهَينا إلَيهِم فوَجَدناهُم على ثَلاثِ فِرَقٍ. قال: فقالَ أميرُنا لِفِرقَةٍ مِنهُم: ما أنتُم؟ قالوا: نَحنُ قَوم كُنا نَصارَى فأسلَمنا، فثَبَتنا على إسلامِنا. قال: ثُمَّ قال لِلثّانيَةِ: مَن أنتُم؟ قالوا: نَحنُ قَوم كُنّا نَصارَى. يَعنِي: فثَبَتنا على نَصرانيَّتِنا. قال لِلثّالِثَةِ: مَن أنتُم؟ قالوا: نَحنُ قَوم كُنّا نَصارَى فأسلَمنا، فرَجَعْنا فلَم نَرَ دينًا أفضَلَ مِن دينِنا فتَنَصَّرنا. فقالَ لَهُم: أسلِموا. فأبَوْا، فقالَ لأصحابِه: إذا مَسَحتُ رأسِي ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ فشُدّوا عَلَيهِم. ففَعَلوا فقَتَلوا المُقاتِلَةَ، وسَبَوُا الذَرارِيَّ، فجِيءَ بالذَّرارِيِّ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ -، وجاءَ مَسْقَلَةُ (^١) بن هُبَيرَةَ فاشتَراهُم بمِائَتَيْ ألفٍ، فجاءَ بمائَةِ ألفٍ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ -، فأبَى أن يَقبَلَ، فانطَلَقَ مَسقَلَةُ بدَراهِمِه، وعَمَدَ مَسقَلَةُ إلَيهِم فأعتَقَهُم، ولَحِقَ بمُعاويَةَ - ﵁ -، فقيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ - ﵁ -: ألَا تأخُذُ الذُرِّيَّةَ؟ فقالَ: لا. فلَم يَعرِضْ لَهُم (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"مسفلة\". وقد ترجم له ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٥٨/ ٢٦٩ باسم مصقلة بن هبيرة. وينظر الأنساب ٣/ ٤٨٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٣٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٨٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧١٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢١٢ من طريق عمار الدهنى به.","vol":"17","page":139},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَد قاتَلَ مَن لَم يَزَلْ على النَّصرانيَّةِ ومَنِ ارتَدَّ، فقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - سَبَى مِن بَنِي ناجيَةَ مَن لَم يَكُنِ ارتَدَّ، وقَد كانَتِ الرِّدَّةُ في عَهدِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فلَم يَبلُغْنا أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - خَمَّسَ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ. يَعنِي الذَّرارِيَّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3612>بابُ المُكرَهِ على الرِّدَّةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا﴾ الآية [النحل: ١٠٦].\n\n١٦٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بن العَلاءِ الرَّقَيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عمرٍو، عن عبد الكَريم، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن أبيه قال: أخَذَ المُشرِكونَ عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ، فلَم يَترُكوه حَتَّى سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - وذَكَرَ آلِهَتَهُم بخَيرٍ، ثُمَّ تَرَكوه، فلَمّا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"ما وراءَكَ؟ \". قال: شَرٌّ يا رسولَ اللهِ؛ ما تُرِكتُ حَتَّى نِلتُ مِنكَ وذَكَرتُ آلِهَتَهُم بخَيرٍ. قال: \"كَيفَ تَجِدُ قَلبَكَ؟ \". قال: مُطمَئنًّا بالإيمانِ. قال: \"إن عادُوا فعُدْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٨٠ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٠٣٦).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٥٧، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٢٤٩، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ١٤٠ من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ٣٦٠، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٣٧٤، ٣٧٥ من طريق عبد الكريم به. وليس عندهم سوى الحاكم: \"عن أبيه\".","vol":"17","page":140},{"text":"محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو البَخْتَرِيِّ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الجُعْفِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن زِرٍّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ مَن أظهَرَ إسلامَه سَبعَةٌ؛ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، وأبو بكرٍ، وعَمّارٌ، وأُمُّه سُمَيَّةُ، وصُهَيبٌ، وبِلالٌ، والمِقدادُ - ﵃ -، فأمّا رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فمَنَعَه اللَّهُ بعَمِّه أبي طالِبٍ، وأمّا أبو بكرٍ فمَنَعَه اللَّهُ بقَومِه، وأمّا سائرُهُم فأخَذَهُمُ المُشرِكونَ، فألبَسوهُم أدراعَ الحَديد، وأوقفوهُم في الشَّمس، فما مِن أحَدٍ إلا وقَد واتاهُم (^١) على ما أرادوا غَيرَ بلالٍ؛ فإِنَّه هانَت عَلَيه نَفسُه في اللَّه، وهانَ على قَومِه، فأعطَوه الوِلدانَ، فجَعَلوا يَطوفونَ به في شِعابِ مَكَّةَ، وجَعَلَ يقولُ: أحَدٌ أحَدٌ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي حَكيمُ بن جُبَيرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: يا أبا عباسٍ، أكانَ المُشرِكونَ يَبلُغونَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ في العَذابِ ما يُعذَرونَ به في تَركِ دينِهِم؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، واللَّهِ إن كانوا لَيَضرِبونَ أحَدَهُم ويُجيعونَه ويُعَطِّشونَه، حَتَّى ما يَقدِرُ على أن يَستَوِيَ جالِسًا مِن شِدَّةِ الضُّرِّ الَّذِي به، حَتَّى إنَّه لَيُعطيهِم ما سألوه مِنَ الفِتنَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) واتاهم: طاوعهم ووافقهم. ينظر المعجم الكبير ١/ ٨٠ (أ ت ى).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢٨١، ٢٨٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٢٨٤ وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٨٣٢)، وابن ماجه (١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٧٠٨٣) من طريق زائدة به، وعندهم: \"وصهروهم في الشمس\". وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٢٢).\n(^٣) السيرة لابن إسحاق (٢٤٢)، ومن طريقه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٤/ ١٣١.","vol":"17","page":141},{"text":"١٦٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ قال: أخبَرَ اللَّهُ سُبحانَه أنَّه مَن كَفَرَ بعدَ إيمانِه فعَلَيه غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ولَه عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ، فأمّا مَن أُكرِهَ فتَكَلَّمَ بلِسانِه، وخالَفَه قَلبُه بالإيمانِ ليَنجُوَ بذَلِكَ مِن عَدوِّه فلا حَرَجَ عَلَيه؛ إنَّ اللهَ سُبحانَه إنَّما يأخُذُ العِبادَ بما عَقَدَت عَلَيه قُلوبُهُم (^١).\n\n١٦٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بشرٍ العَبدِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يَذكُرُ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢): ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقَاةً﴾ [آل عمران: ٢٨] قال: والتُقاةُ التَّكَلُّمُ باللِّسانِ والقَلبُ مُطمَئنٌّ بالايمان، ولا يَبسُطُ يَدَه فيَقتُلُ، ولا إلَى إثمٍ؛ فإِنَّه لا عُذرَ لَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٤٢). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٣٧٦ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) بعده في ص ٨: \"في قوله تعالى\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٩١ وقال: صحيح الإسناد، وعنده: همام. بدل: أبو همام. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٥٨٨)، وأحمد (٤٥٦ - مسائل ابنه صالح)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٣١٧ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":142},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3613>كتابُ الحُدودِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3614>بابُ العُقوباتِ في المعاصِي قبلَ نُزولِ الحُدودِ</span>\n\n١٦٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن سعيدٍ الدَّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"إذا رأيتُمُ الزّانِيَ والسّارِقَ وشارِبَ الخَمرِ ما تَقولونَ؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"هُنَّ فواحِشُ وفيهِنَّ عُقوبَةٌ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بن سعيدٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ وهو مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٢)، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ مِن حَديثِ النُّعمانِ بنِ مُرَّةَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٦٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحارث بن أبي أسامة (٢٤ - بغية) عن عمر به. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٥/ ١٤١٥ (٨٠٦١)، والطبراني ١٨/ ١٤٠ (٢٩٣) من طريق سعيد بن بشير به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٣٠) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ١٠٣: ورجاله ثقات إلا أن الحسن مدلس.\n(^٢) هو عمر بن سعيد بن سليمان، أبو حفص القرشى الدمشقى. قال مسلم: ضعيف. وقال النسائي: ليس بثقة. وقال ابن المدينى: شيخ. وضعفه جدًّا. ينظر تاريخ بغداد ١١/ ٢٠٠، وتاريخ دمشق ٤٥/ ٦٣، وتهذيب التهذيب (تمييز) ٧/ ٣٩٩.","vol":"17","page":143},{"text":"أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - قال: \"ما تَقولونَ في الشّارِبِ والزّانِي والسّارِقِ؟ \". وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الحُدودُ، فقالوا: الله ورسولُه أعلَمُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"هُنَّ فواحِشُ وفيهِنَّ عُقوبَةٌ، وأسوأُ السَّرِقَةِ الَّذِي يَسرِقُ صَلاتَه\" (^١). قال ابنُ بُكَيرٍ في رِوايَتِه: قالوا: وكَيفَ يَسرِقُ صلاتَه يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"لا يُتِمُّ رُكوعَها ولا سُجودَها\".\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ومِثْلُ مَعنَى هذا في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿؛ قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَو يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا (١٥) وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنْكُمْ فَآذُوهُمَا فَإِنْ تَابَا وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَحِيمًا (١٦)﴾ [النساء: ١٥ - ١٦]. قال الشافِعِيُّ: فكانَ هذا أوَّلَ عُقوبَةِ الزّانيَينِ في الدُّنيا؛ الحَبسُ والأذَى، ثُمَّ نَسَخَ اللَّه الحَبسَ والأذَى في كِتابِه فقالَ: ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾ (^٢) [النور: ٢].\n\n١٦٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَين، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾ الآيَة. قال: ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الرَّجُلَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٤١)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢١١، وفي مسنده ١/ ٢٣٣ (٢٩٢)، ومالك ١/ ١٦٧. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترغيب والترهيب (٥٣٤) وقال: صحيح لغيره.\n(^٢) الشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢١١.","vol":"17","page":144},{"text":"بعدَ المَرأةِ وجَمَعَهُما فقالَ: ﴿وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنْكُمْ فَآذُوهُمَا﴾ الآيَة. فنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ بآيَةِ الجَلدِ فقالَ: ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٦٩٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن كامِلٍ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حدثنا أبي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾: يَعنِي الزِّنى، في قَولِه: ﴿فَآذُوهُمَا﴾ يَعنِي سَبًّا، ثُمَّ نَسَخَتها: ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾. وفِي قَولِه: ﴿أَو يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾. قال: السَّبيلُ الحَدُّ (^٣).\n\n١٦٩٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عيسَى، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾. قال: الزِّنى. قال: كان أُمِرَ أن يُحبَسنَ -\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤١٣). وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٩٤ عن محمد بن سعد به.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤١٤) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به. مقتصرًا على آخره. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧١٢): حسن مقطوع.","vol":"17","page":145},{"text":"يَعنِي حَتَّى (^١) يَشهَدُ عَلَيهِنَّ أربَعَةٌ - ﴿حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَو يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾ الحُدودَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3615>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن السَّبيلَ هو جَلدُ الزّانيَيِن ورَجمُ الثَّيِّبِ</span>\n\n١٦٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن حِطانَ بنِ عبد اللهِ الرَّقاشِي، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ وكانَ عَقَبيًّا بَدريًّا، أحَدَ نُقَباءِ الأنصار، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - كان إذا نَزَلَ عَلَيه الوَحيُ كُرِبَ لِذَلِكَ وتَرَبَّدَ له وجهُه (^٣)، فأُنزِلَ (^٤) عَلَيه ذاتَ يَومٍ فلَقِيَ ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا سُرَّىَ عنه قال: \"خُذوا عَنِّي، قَد جَعَلَ اللهُ لَهنَّ سَبيلًا؛ الثَّيِّبُ بالثَّيِّب، والبِكرُ بالبِكرِ؛ الثَّيِّبُ جَلدُ مِائَة ثُمَّ رَجمٌ بالحِجارَة، والبِكرُ جَلدُ مِائَة ونَفيُ سنةٍ\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدٍ (^٦).\n\n١٦٩٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله: حين\". وينظر في استعمال \"حتى\" مكان \"حين\" ورفع المضارع بعدها شواهد التوضيح والتصحيح لمشكلات الجامع الصحيح ص ٧٢، ٧٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٩٣ من طريق أبي عاصم به.\n(^٣) تربد له وجهه: تلوّن وصار كلون الرماد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"الله\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٥١)، وأبو داود (٤٤١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٤٤٣) من طريق سعيد به. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٤٩).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٦٩٠/ ١٣، ٢٣٣٤/ ٨٨).","vol":"17","page":146},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن المِنهال، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿أَو يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا﴾. قال: كان أوَّلَ حُدودِ النِّساءِ؛ كُنَّ يُحبَسنَ في بُيوتٍ لَهُنَّ حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ التي في \"النّورِ\": ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾. قال عُبادَةُ بن الصّامِتِ: كُنّا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"خُذوا خُذوا، قَد جَعَلَ اللّهُ لَهنَّ سَبيلًا؛ البِكرُ بالبِكرِ جَلدُ مِائَة ونَفيُ سنة، والثَّيِّبُ بالثَّيِّبِ جَلدُ مِائَةٍ والرَّجمُ بالحِجارَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٦٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - وهو جالِسٌ على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: إنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ محمدًا - ﷺ - بالحَقِّ وأنزَلَ عَلَيه الكِتابَ، فكانَ فيما أنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه آيَةُ الرَّجم، قَرأناها ووَعَيناها، ورَجَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - ورَجَمنا بَعدَه، فأخشَى إن طالَ بالنّاسِ زَمانٌ أن يَقولَ قائلٌ:\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة ٦/ ٣٢٠ عن يزيد بن زريع به. وأخرجه الشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢١٣، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٢) من طريق يونس به. وعبد اللَّه بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٢٧٨٠) من طريق الحسن به. واقتصروا على آخره دون قول الحسن.","vol":"17","page":147},{"text":"ما نَجِدُ الرَّجمَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ. فيَضِلّونَ بتَركِ فريضَةٍ أنزَلَها اللَّهُ، وإِنَّ الرَّجمَ لَفِي كِتابِ اللهِ حَقٌّ على كُلِّ مَن زَنَى إذا أحصَنَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ أوِ النِّساءِ إذا قامَتِ البيِّنَةُ أو كان الحَبَلُ أو الاعتِرافُ. قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فنُرَى الإحصانَ إذا تَزَوَّجَ المَرأةَ ثُمَّ مَسَّها، عَلَيه الرَّجمُ إن زَنَى. قال: وإن زَنَى ولَم يَمَسَّ امرأتَه، فلا يُرجَمُ ولَكِن يُجلَدُ مِائَةً إذا كان حُرًّا ويُغَرَّبُ عامًا (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ دونَ قَولِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٩٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: قَد خَشيتُ أن يَطولَ بالنّاسِ زَمانٌ حَتَّى يَقولَ القائلُ: ما نَجِدُ الرَّجمَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿. فيَضِلّوا بتَركِ فريضَةٍ أنزَلَها اللهُ ﷿، ألا وإِنَّ الرَّجمَ حَقٌّ إذا أحصَنَ الرَّجُلُ وقامَتِ البَيِّنَةُ، أو كان الحَملُ أو الاعتِرافُ، فقَد قَرأناها: (الشيخُ والشَّيخَةُ فارجُموهُما البَتَّةَ). وقَد رَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - ورَجَمنا بَعدَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٥٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو داود (٤٤١٨)، والترمذي (١٤٣٢) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٧١٣٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٩١/ ١٥)، والبخارى (٢٤٦٢، ٣٩٢٨). وليس عند البخاري موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٦٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٥٣)، من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":148},{"text":"عليِّ بنِ عبد الله، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَة (^١).\n\n١٦٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: قال لِي أُبَيُّ بن كَعبٍ - ﵁ -: كأيِّن تَعُدُّ أو كأيِّن تَقرأُ سورَةَ \"الأحزابِ\"؟ قُلتُ: ثَلاثًا وسَبعينَ آيَةً. قال: أقَطُّ! لَقَد رأيتُها وإِنَّها لَتَعدِلُ سورَةَ \"البَقَرَةِ\"، وإِنَّ فيها: (الشيخُ والشَّيخَةُ إذا زَنَيا فارجُموهُما البَتَّةَ نكالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ عَزيزٌ حَكيمٌ) (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن كَثيرِ بنِ الصَّلتِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَكتُبونَ المَصاحِفَ عِندَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فأتَوا على هذه الآيَة، فقالَ زَيدٌ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - يقولُ: (الشيخُ والشَّيخَةُ إذا زَنَيا فارجُموهُما البَتَّةَ نَكالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ ورسولِهِ) (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٢٩)، ومسلم (١٦٩١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢١٢٠٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٤٤٢٨، ٤٤٢٩) من طريق عاصم به. وقال البوصيرى بعد سرد أسانيد الحديث: ومدار أسانيدهم على عاصم بن أبي النجود وهو ضعيف. الإتحاف ٦/ ٢٥٧ (ط. دار الوطن للنشر).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٩٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٥) من طريق شعبة به. وقال البوصيرى في الإتحاف ٨/ ١٤٢: هذا إسناد رواته ثقات.","vol":"17","page":149},{"text":"١٦٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ قال: نُبِّئتُ عن ابنِ أخِي كَثيرِ بنِ الصَّلتِ قال: كُنّا عِندَ مَروانَ وفينا زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ، قال زَيدٌ: كُنا نَقرأُ: (الشيخُ والشَّيخَةُ إذا زَنَيا فارجُموهُما البَتَّةَ). قال: فقالَ مَروانُ: أفَلا نَجعَلُه في المُصحَفِ؟ قال: لا، ألا تَرَى الشّابَّينِ الثَّيِّبَينِ يُرجَمانِ؟ قال: وقالَ: ذَكَروا ذَلِكَ وفينا عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: أنا أشفيكُم مِن ذاكَ. قال: قُلنا: كَيفَ؟ قال: آتِي النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فأذكُرُ كَذا وكَذا، فإِذا ذَكَرَ الرَّجمَ أقولُ: يا رسولَ الله، أكْتِبنِي آيَةَ الرَّجمِ. قال: فأتَيتُه فذَكَرتُه. قال: فذَكَرَ آيَةَ الرَّجمِ. قال: فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أكتِبنِي آيَةَ الرَّجمِ. قال: \"لا أستَطيعُ ذاكَ\" (^١).\nفي هذا وما قَبلَه دَلالَةٌ على أن آيَةَ الرَّجمِ حُكمُها ثابِتٌ وتِلاوَتُها مَنسوخَةٌ، وهَذا ممّا لا أعلمُ فيه خِلافًا.\n\n١٦٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ﴾. الآيَة. قال: كانَتِ المَرأةُ إذا زَنَت حُبِسَت في البَيتِ حَتَّى تَموتَ. وفِي قَولِه: ﴿وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنْكُمْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٨) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"17","page":150},{"text":"فَآذُوهُمَا﴾ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا زَنَى أوذِيَ بالتَّعييرِ وضُربَ بالنِّعال، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ بعدَ هذا: ﴿الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾. فإِن كانا مُحصَنَينِ رُجِما في سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، وهَذا سَبيلُهُما الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3616>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن جَلدَ المائَةِ ثابِتٌ على البِكرَينِ الحُرَّينِ ومَنسوخٌ عن الثَّيِّبَين، وأنَّ الرَّجمَ ثابِتٌ على الثَّيِّبَيِن الحُرَّينِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لأنَّ قَولَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"خُذوا عَنِّي، قَد جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لهنَّ سَبيلًا\". أوَّلُ ما أُنزِلَ، فنُسِخَ به الحَبسُ والأذَى عن الزّانيَين، فلَمّا رَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - ماعِزًا ولَم يَجلِدْه، وأمَرَ أُنَيسًا أن يَغدوَ على امرأةِ الآخَر، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت رَجَمَها، دَلَّ على نَسخِ الجَلدِ عن الزّانيَينِ الحُرَّينِ الثَّيِّبَين، وثَبَتَ الرَّجمُ عَلَيهِما (^٢).\n\n١٦٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ وعُثمانُ بن عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أُتِيَ بماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ؛ رَجُلٍ أشعَرَ قَصيرٍ ذِي عَضَلاتٍ، فأقَرَّ له بالزِّنى فأعرَضَ عنه، فأتاه مِن وجهِه الآخَرِ فأعرَضَ عنه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٤٩٤، ٥٠٣، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ٨٩٥، ٨٩٦، وابن الجوزى في نواسخ القرآن ص ٢٦٣ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٧/ ٨٣، ٨٤.","vol":"17","page":151},{"text":"قال: لا أدرِي مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ، وقالَ: \"كُلَّما نَفَرنا غازينَ (^١) خَلَفَ أحَدُهُم يَنِبُّ نَبيبَ التَّيسِ (^٢)، يَمنَحُ إحداهُنَّ الكُثبَةَ (^٣)، إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لا يُمَكنُنِي مِن أحدٍ مِنهُم إلَّا جَعَلتُه نَكالًا عَنهُنَّ، أو: نَكَّلتُه عَنهُنَّ\". قال: فذَكَرتُه لِسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فقالَ: رَدَّه أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبي عامِرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٦٩٩٩ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيب، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا سِماكُ بن حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - رَجَمَ ماعِزًا. ولَم يَذكُرْ جَلدًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"غازيا\".\n(^٢) نبيب التيس: صياحه عند إرادة السفاد ونحوه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١.\n(^٣) الكثبة: كل قليل جمعه من طعام أو لبن أو غير ذلك. النهاية ٤/ ١٥١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٨٣)، وأبو داود (٤٤٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٨٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٣٦) من طريق شعبة به.\nوقوله: فذكرته لسعيد. من قول سماك بن حرب كما جاء عند أحمد في الموضع الأول وأبى داود وابن حبان. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٩٢).\n(^٦) الطيالسي (٨٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٦٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٣٩، والطبراني (١٩٦٧) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"17","page":152},{"text":"١٧٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ وعن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ أنَّهُما أخبَراه أن رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - فقالَ أحَدُهُما: يا رسولَ الله، اقضِ بَينَنا بكِتابِ اللَّهِ. وقالَ الآخَرُ وكانَ أفقَهَهُما: أجَل يا رسولَ الله، اقضِ بَينَنا بكِتابِ الله، وأْذَنْ لِي في أن أتكَلَّمَ. قال: \"تَكَلَّمْ\". قال: إنَّ ابنِي كان عَسيفًا على هذا، فزَنَى بامرأتِه، فأخبَرونِي أن على ابنِي الرَّجمَ، فافتَدَيتُ مِنه بمائَةِ شاةٍ وجاريَةٍ لِي، ثُمَّ إنِّي سألتُ أهلَ العِلمِ فأخبَرونِي أن على ابنِي جَلدَ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبَ عامٍ، وإِنَّما الرَّجمُ على امرأتِه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أما والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لأقضيَنَّ بَينَكُما بكِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ أمّا غَنَمُكَ وجاريَتُكَ فرَدٌّ إلَيكَ\". وجَلَدَ ابنَه مِائَةً وغَرَّبَه عامًا، وأمَرَ أُنَيسًا الأسلَمِيَّ أن يأتِيَ امرأةَ الآخَر، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت رَجَمَها، فاعتَرَفَت فرَجَمَها (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِيِّ، وزادَ في حَديثِه: والعَسيفُ الأجيرُ.\n\n١٧٠٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٢٦٣)، والمعرفة (٥٠٤٦)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٣، ١٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٢٢، ومن طريقه الترمذي عقب (١٤٣٣)، والنسائي (٥٤٢٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٤٥) عن القعنبى به.","vol":"17","page":153},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه. قال: والعَسيفُ الأجيرُ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ يوسُفَ وابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\nوحَديثُ الغامِديَّةِ والجُهَنيَّةِ دَليلٌ فيه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n١٧٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: الرَّجمُ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ حَقٌّ على مَن زَنَى إذا أحصَنَ، مِنَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساء، إذا قامَت عَلَيه البَيِّنَةُ أو كان الحَبَلُ أو الاعتِرافُ (^٤).\n\n١٧٠٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٦٣)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣٢، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٢.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦٣٣، ٦٦٣٤، ٦٨٤٢، ٦٨٤٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٩٥، ٢٦٩٦)، ومسلم (١٦٩٧، ١٦٩٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٤٧)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٢٣، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٦، ٣٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٥٧، ٧١٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤١٤). وصححه الألباني في تعليقاته على صحيح ابن حبان (٤١٥).","vol":"17","page":154},{"text":"سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إيّاكُم أن تَهلِكوا عن آيَةِ الرَّجمِ أن يَقولَ قائلٌ: لا نَجِدُ حَدَّينِ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿. فقَد رَجَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - ورَجَمنا، فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَولا أن يَقولَ النّاسُ: زادَ عُمَرُ في كِتاب اللَّهِ. لَكَتَبتُها: (الشيخُ والشَّيخَةُ (^١) فارجُموهُما البَتَّةَ). فإِنّا قَد قَرأْناها (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ. زادَ: قال مالكٌ: يُريدُ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ بالشَّيخِ والشَّيخَةِ الثَّيِّبَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ والثَّيِّبَةَ مِنَ النِّساءِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن إبراهيمَ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: رَجَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -، ورَجَمَ أبو بكرٍ، ورَجَمتُ، ولَولا أنِّي أكرَهُ أن أزيدَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ لَكَتَبتُه في المُصحَف، فإنِّي أخافُ أن يأتِيَ أقوامٌ فلا يَجِدونَه فلا يُؤمِنونَ بهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"إذا زنيا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٤٨)، والشافعي في مسنده (٢٦٦ - شفاء العي)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٢٤، ومن طريقه أبو القاسم البغوي في حديث مصعب (١٧٢).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٣ و، ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٥٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والترمذي (١٤٣١) من طريق داود به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١١٥٨).","vol":"17","page":155},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3617>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على شَرائطِ الإحصانِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن المُؤَمَّل، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غياثٍ وأبو مُعاويَةَ ووَكيعٌ، عن الأعمَش، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِيُّ مسلم يَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنِّي رسولُ الله، إلا بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ، الثَّيِّبُ الزّانِي، والنَّفسُ بالنَّفس، والتّارِكُ لِدينِه المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ يَعلَى: \"دَمُ رَجُلٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيه، ورَواه مُسلِم عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علي بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ أنَّهُما قالا: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأعرابِ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أنشُدُكَ اللَّهَ إلا قَضَيتَ فيّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٣٣١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٤٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢١)، وأبو داود (٤٣٥٢)، والترمذي (١٤٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٣٤) من طريق أبي معاوية ووكيع به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٩٤٠، ١٦٩٠١، ١٦٩٤٥). وسيأتي في (١٧٣٩٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٧٨)، ومسلم (١٦٧٦/ ٢٥).","vol":"17","page":156},{"text":"بكِتابِ اللهِ. فقالَ الآخَرُ وهو أفقَهُ مِنه: نَعَم، فاقضِ بَينَنا بكِتابِ اللهِ وأْذَنْ لِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"قُلْ\". قال: إنَّ ابنِي كان عَسيفًا على هذا، فزَنَى بامرأتِه، وإِنِّي أُخبِرتُ أن على ابنِي الرَّجمَ، فافتَدَيتُ مِنه بمائَةِ شاةٍ ووَليدَةٍ، وسألتُ أهلَ العِلمِ فأخبَرونِي أن على ابنِي جَلدَ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبَ عامٍ، وأنَّ على امرأتِه الرَّجمَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"والَّذِي نفَسِي بيدِه، لأقضيَنَّ بَينَكُما بكِتابِ اللَّهِ؛ الوَليدَةُ والغَنَمُ رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، وعَلَى ابنِكَ جَلدُ مِائَة وتَغريبُ عامٍ، اغدُ يا أُنَيسُ على امرأةِ هذا، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت فارجُمْها\". قال: فغَدا عَلَيها فاعتَرَفَت، فأمَرَ بها رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فرُجِمَت (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، [أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، عن اللَّيث، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ دونَ ذِكرِ عُقَيلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بن الحُباب، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا لَيثٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا لَيثٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٤٣٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٤٩) مختصرًا وليس فيه: أبو هريرة. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٣/ ٢٣٤، ٢٣٥. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٦٩).\n(^٣) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"17","page":157},{"text":"عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ وابنُ رُمحٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن خَلَّادٍ، أن اللَّيثَ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بن خالِدٍ أنَّهُما قالا: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأعرابِ أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -. فذَكَروه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وأبِي الوَليد، ورَواه مُسلِم عن قتُيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رسولَ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - وهو في المَسجِد، فناداه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي زَنَيتُ. فأعرَضَ عنه فتَنَحَّى لِقاءَ وجهِه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي زَنَيتُ. فأعرَضَ عنه حَتَّى ثَنَّى ذَلِكَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ، فلَمّا شَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ دَعاه رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فقالَ: \"أبِكَ جُنونٌ؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ: \"هَل أحصَنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"اذهَبوا به فارجُموه\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأخبَرَنِي مَن سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: كُنتُ فيمَن رَجَمَه، فرَجَمناه بالمصلَّى،\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣٢، ٤٣٣. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٩٢) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣١٤، ٢٣١٥، ٢٧٢٤، ٢٧٢٥)، ومسلم (١٦٩٧، ١٦٩٨).","vol":"17","page":158},{"text":"فلَمّا أذلَقَته الحِجارَةُ (^١) هَرَبَ، فأدرَكناه في الحَرَّةِ فرَجَمناه (^٢).\n\n١٧٠١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي بشرُ بن أحمدَ (^٣)، حدثنا داودُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيث، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّي قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُقيلٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِهِ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن عبد الملِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جامِعٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ: \"ويحَكَ! ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\". قال: فرَجَعَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، طَهِّرْني. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"ويحَكَ! ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\". قال: فرَجَعَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، طَهِّرْنِي. فَقالَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى إذا كانَتِ الرّابِعَةُ قال له النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: مِنَ الزِّنى. فسألَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أبِه جُنونٌ؟ \". فأُخبِرَ أن لَيسَ بمَجنونٍ، فقالَ: \"أشَرِبَ\n_________\n(^١) أذلقته الحجارة: بلغت منه الجهد. أو: عضته وأوجعته وأوهنته. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٤٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٧٧) من طريق الليث به، وليس عند النسائي قول جابر. وتقدم في (١٧٠٣٦، ١٧٠٣٨).\n(^٣) بعده في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"بن محمد\". وهو بشر بن أحمد بن بشر بن محمود. ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٦/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨١٥)، ومسلم (١٦٩١/ ١٦).","vol":"17","page":159},{"text":"خَمرًا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فاستَنكَهَه (^١)، فلَم يَجِدْ مِنه ريحَ خَمرٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"أثَيِّبٌ أثَيِّبٌ (^٢)؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ، فكانَ النّاسُ فيه فريقَينِ؛ تَقولُ فِرقَةٌ: لَقَد هَلَكَ ماعِزٌ على أسوأ عَمَلِه، لَقَد أحاطَت به خَطيئَتُه. وقائل يقولُ: أتَوبَةٌ (^٣) أفضَلُ مِن تَوبَةِ ماعِزٍ؟ أن جاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - فوَضَعَ يَدَه في يَدَيه، فقالَ: اقتُلنِي بالحِجارَةِ. قال: فلَبِثوا بذَلِكَ يَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً، ثُمَّ جاءَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - وهُم جُلوسٌ فسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"استَغفِروا لماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ\". قال: فقالوا: يَغفِرُ اللهُ لِماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"لَقَد تابَ تَوبَةً لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ اُمَّة لَوَسِعَتها\". قال: ثُمَّ جاءَته امرأةٌ مِن غامِدٍ مِنَ الأزدِ قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، طَهِّرْنِي. قال: \"ويحَكِ! ارجِعِي فاستَغفِرِي اللَّهَ وتوبي إلَيه\". قالَت: لَعَلَّكَ تُريدُ أن تُرَدِّدَنِي كما رَدَّدتَ ماعِزَ بنَ مالكٍ؟. قالَ: \"وما ذاكِ؟ \". قالَت: إنَّها حُبلَى مِنَ الزِّنى. فقالَ: \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"إذن لا نَرجُمُكِ حَتَّى تَضَعِي ما في بَطنِكِ\". قال: فكَفَلَها رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ حَتَّى وضَعَت، فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فقالَ: قَد وضَعَتِ الغامِديَّةُ. فقالَ: \"إذن لا نَرجُمُها ونَدَعُ ولَدَها صَغيرًا لَيسَ له مَن يُرضِعُه\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: إلَيَ رَضاعُه يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ. فرَجَمَها (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعلَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فاستنكهه: استنشقه واشتم نكهة فيه أي ريحه وريح الخمر منه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٨، وفي م: \"أنت\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ما توبة\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٥١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٩١ من طريق جعفر بن محمد الصائغ به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٥٩). وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٢).","vol":"17","page":160},{"text":"١٧٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: إنَّ اليَهودَ جاءوا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا له أن رَجُلًا مِنهُم وامرأةً زَنَيا، فقالَ لَهم رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"ما تَجِدونَ في التوراةِ مِن شأنِ الزِّنى؟ \". فقالوا: نَفضحُهُم ويُجلَدونَ. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَلَامٍ: كَذَبتُم، إنَّ فيها لَلرَّجمَ. فأتَوا بالتَّوراةِ فنَشَروها، فجَعَلَ أحَدُهُم يَدَه على آيَةِ الرَّجم، وجَعَلَ يَقرأُ ما قَبلَها وما بَعدَها، فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَلَامٍ: ارفَعْ يَدَكَ. فرَفَعَها فإِذا فيها آيَةُ الرَّجمِ فقالوا: صَدَقَ يا محمدُ، فيها آيَةُ الرَّجمِ. فأمَرَ بهِما رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فرُجِما. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فرأيتُ الرَّجُلَ يَحنِي على المَرأةِ يَقيها الحِجارَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٦٩) وفيه: أبو النضر الفقيه. بدلًا من: أبي الحسن. ومالك ٢/ ٨١٩، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٢٩، ٥٣٠٠، ٥٤٥٩)، والترمذي (١٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٤٣٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٤٦) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٣٥، ٦٨٤١)، ومسلم (١٦٩٩/ ٢٧).","vol":"17","page":161},{"text":"عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: مَرّوا على رسولِ اللهِ - صلي الله عليهم وسلم - بيَهودِيٍّ قَد جُلِدَ وحُمِّمَ وجهُه، فسألَ اليَهودَ: \"مَن عالِمُكُم؟ \". فَقالوا: فُلانٌ. فأرسَلَ إلَيه فجاءَ فقالَ: \"ما تَجِدونَ حَدَّ الزِّنى في كِتابِكُم؟ \". فقالوا: نَجِدُه الرَّجمَ، ولَكِن فشا الزِّنى في أشرافِنا، فكانَ الشَّريفُ إذا زَنَى لَم يُرجَمْ، وإِذا زَنَى السَّفيهُ رُجِمَ، فاصطَلَحنا على الجَلدِ والتَّحميم، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - به فرُّجِمَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أُشهِدُكَ أني أوَّلُ مَن أحيا سُنَّةً أماتوها\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ وأبِي سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحيرِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يقولُ: رَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ ورَجُلًا مِنَ اليَهودِ وامرأتَه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَعنِي امرأةً مِنَ اليَهودِ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبد اللهِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٠١٥ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٦٣) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (٤٤٤٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتي في (١٧٢٠٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٥٥) من طريق حجاج به دون قوله: رجلا من أسلم. وأحمد (١٤٤٤٧) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٩٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٠١).","vol":"17","page":162},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عبد الملِكِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ بنِ مُلَيلٍ، أن أباه أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ جَزءٍ الزُّبَيدِيَّ يَذكُرُ (^١)، أن اليَهودَ أتَوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - بيَهودِيٍّ ويهوديَّةٍ زَنَيا وقَد أحصنا، فأمَرَ بهِما رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - فرُجِما. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الحارِثِ: فكُنتُ أنا فيمَن رَجَمَهُما (^٢).\n\n١٧٠١٦ - ورُوِيَ هذا اللَّفظُ في حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - بيَهودِيٍّ ويَهوديَّةٍ وقَد أحصَنا، فسألوه أن يَحكُمَ فيما بَينَهُم، فحَكَمَ فيهِما بالرَّجمِ.\nوهَذا فيما أنبأنيه أبو عبد اللَّهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٥٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٨. وأخرجه الخطيب في المتفق ٣/ ١٤٦٦ (٨٦٦) عن أبي الحسين بن الفضل به. والبزار (٣٧٨٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به. والطبراني في الأوسط (١٣٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ٥٤: وإسناده ضعيف.\n(^٣) ابن إسحاق كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٥٦٥، ومن طريقه أحمد ٤/ ١٩٦ (٢٣٦٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٦٥. وأخرجه الطبراني (١٠٨٢٠) من طريق جرير به.","vol":"17","page":163},{"text":"وفِي حَديثِ الزُّهرِيِّ، سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ يُحَدِّثُ ابنَ المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَهُم، أن أحبارَ يَهودَ اجتَمَعوا في بَيتِ المِدراسِ (^١) حينَ قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - المَدينَةَ، وقَد زَنَى مِنهُم رَجُلٌ بعدَ إحصانِه بامرأةٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ قَد أحصَنَت. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وهو مَذكورٌ في بابِ حَدِّ الذِّمّيّينَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيَّ، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - صلي الله عليه وسلم - أخبَرَه، أنَّه بَينا هو عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بالجابيَةِ جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ امرأتِي زَنَت بعَبدِي مُعتَرِفَةً بذَلِكَ. قال أبو واقِدٍ: فدَعانِي عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - عاشِرَ عَشرَةِ رَهطٍ، فأرسَلَنا إلَى امرأتِه وأمَرَنا أن نَسألَها عَمّا قال، فجِئْناها فإِذا هِيَ جاريَةٌ حَديثَةُ السِّنِّ، فقُلتُ حينَ رأيتُها: تَكفِتُها (^٣) عَمَّا شِئتَ اليَومَ. ثُمَّ كَلَّمتُها فقُلتُ: إنَّ زَوجَكِ أتَى أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ فأخبَرَه أنَّكِ زَنَيتِ بعَبدِه. فأرسَلَنا إلَيكِ لِنَشهَدَ على ما تَقولينَ. قالَت: صَدَقَ. فأمَرَنا عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فرَجَمناها بالحِجارَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بيت المدراس: البيت الذي يقرأ فيه أهل الكتاب كتبهم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٢٠٣).\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"يكفها\"، ورسمت في الأصل بدون نقط، وفي الحاشية كلام غير واضح، وفي المهذب ٧/ ٣٣٤٦: \"تكفئها\". وفي مصادر التخريج: \"اللهم أفرج فاها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٤١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر ٦٧/ ٢٧٠، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٤٠، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٢٨) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٤١).","vol":"17","page":164},{"text":"١٧٠١٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بن سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن هارونَ أبو حامِدٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُجالِدٍ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بن سُلَيمانَ الرَّقِّيُّ، عن الحَجَّاج، عن عبد الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: استُكرِهَتِ امرأةٌ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فدَرأ عَنها الحَدَّ، وأقامَه على الَّذِي أصابَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3618>بابُ مَن قال: مَن أشرَكَ باللَّهِ فلَيسَ بمُحصِنٍ</span>\n\n١٧٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنِي جوَيريَةُ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: مَن أشرَكَ باللَّهِ فلَيسَ بِمُحصِنٍ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رَواه أصحابُ نافِعٍ عن نافِعٍ.\n\n١٧٠٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مُضارِبِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - صلي الله عليه وسلم -: \"مَن أشرَكَ باللَّهِ فلَيسَ بمُحصِنٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٩٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٩٨)، والترمذي (١٤٥٣) من طريق معمر به، وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وسيأتي في (١٧١٢٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٦٦).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٠٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٧ من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"17","page":165},{"text":"فأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ قال: لَم يَرفَعْه غَيرُ إسحاقَ، ويُقالُ: إنَّه رَجَعَ عنه، والصَّوابُ مَوقوفٌ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مُنيرٍ المَطيرِيُّ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ محمدُ بن أبي طاهِرٍ البَلَدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ أحمدُ بن أبي نافِعٍ، حدثنا عَفيفُ بن سالِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثورِيِّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \" [لا يُحْصِنُ أهلُ الشِّركِ] (^٢) باللهِ شَيئًا\" (^٣). قال أبو أحمدَ: ورُوِيَ عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي نافِعٍ، عن مُعافَى بنِ عِمرانَ، عن الثورِيّ، وهو مُنكَرٌ مِن حَديثِ الثورِيِّ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ بهَذا الإسنادِ.\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: قال عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ (^٤): وهِمَ عَفيفٌ في رَفعِه، والصَّوابُ مَوقوفٌ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٧. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٢٧ بعد ذكر قول الدارقطني هذا: وهذا لفظ إسحاق بن راهويه في \"مسنده\" كما تراه ليس فيه رجوع، وإنما أحال التردد على الراوى في رفعه ووقفه، والله أعلم.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لا يحصن الشرك\".\n(^٣) ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ١٧٣. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٦، ١٤٧ من طريق أحمد بن أبي نافع به.\nوقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٢٧: قال ابن القطان في كتابه: وعفيف بن سالم الموصلي ثقةٌ، قاله ابن معين وأبو حاتم، وإذا رفعه الثقة لم يضره وقف من وقفه، وإنما علته أنه من رواية أحمد بن أبي نافع عن عفيف المذكور، وهو أبو سلمة الموصلي، ولم تثبت عدالته.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"قال\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٧.","vol":"17","page":166},{"text":"١٧٠٢٢ - قال عليٌّ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن خُشَيشٍ، حدثنا سَلمُ (^١) بن جُنادَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: مَن أشرَكَ باللهِ فلَيسَ بمُحصِنٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد الله الكَرابيسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عبد الله بنِ أبي مَريَمَ الغَسَّانِيُّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّه أرادَ أن يَتَزَوَّجَ يَهوديَّةً أو نَصرانيَّةً، فسألَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فنَهاه عَنها وقالَ: \"إنَّها لا تُحصِنُكَ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ: أبو بكرِ بن أبي مَريَمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، وعَلِيُّ بن أبي طَلحَةَ لَم يُدرِكْ كَعبًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"مسلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٢٧) عن وكيع به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١١/ ٤٤٦ من طريق سفيان به. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٢٧: وهو أصح.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٧١٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٢٥)، والطبراني ١٩/ ١٠٣ (٢٠٥)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٨ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وضعفه ابن القطان في بيان الوهم والإيهام ٣/ ٥٠٠.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٠٥٢٣).\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٤٨.","vol":"17","page":167},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَواه أيضًا بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليدِ عن أبي سَبأً عُتبَةَ بنِ تَميمٍ عن عليِّ بن أبي طَلحَةَ عن كَعبٍ (^١)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3619>بابُ ما جاءَ في الأمَةِ تُحصِنُ الحُرَّ</span>\n\n١٧٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن علي بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد الله بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: سألَ (^٢) عبدُ المَلِكِ بن مَروانُ عبدَ الله بنَ عُتبَةَ عن الأمَة، هَل تُحصِنُ الحُرَّ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: عَمَّن تَروِي هَذا؟ قال: أدرَكْنا أصحابَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - يَقولونَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ هو ابنُ عبد الأعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ المَلِكِ يَسألُ عُبَيدَ الله بنَ عبد الله بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ: هَل تُحصِنُ الأمَةُ الحُرَّ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فقالَ عبدُ المَلِكِ: عَمَّن تَروِي هَذا؟ فقالَ: أدرَكْنا أصحابَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - يَقولونَ ذَلِكَ.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: بَلَغَنِي عن محمدِ بنِ يَحْيَى أنَّه قال: وجَدتُ الأوزاعِيَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٠٦) من طريق بقية بن الوليد به.\n(^٢) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٨٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢١٥) من طريق معمر به.","vol":"17","page":168},{"text":"قَد تابَعَ يونُسًا (^١)، فهُما إذن أولَى. ورَواه عن عمرِو بنِ أبي سلمةَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3620>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ولَم يَمَسَّها ثُمَّ زَنَى</span>\n\n١٧٠٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ قال: قَرأتُ على شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ: أخبَرَكَ أبوكَ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن عبد الجَبّارِ بنِ مَنظورِ بنِ زَبَّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً ولَم يَمَسَّها، ثُمّ زَنَى؟ فقالَ سعيدٌ: السُّنَّةُ فيه أن يُجلَدَ ولا يُرجَمَ.\n\n١٧٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفَّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَث، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عِجلٍ قال: جِئتُ مَعَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - بصِفِّينَ، فإِذا رَجُلٌ في زَرعٍ يُنادِي: إنِّي (^٢) قَد أصبتُ فاحِشَةً فأقيموا عليّ الحَدَّ. فرَفَعتُه إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ -: هَل تَزَوَّجتَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فدَخَلتَ بها؟ قال: لا. قال: فجَلَدَه مِائَةً، وأغرَمَه نِصفَ الصَّداق، وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُما.\n\n١٧٠٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ السَّرَّاجُ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) كذا جاء في النسخ مصروفًا.\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"إنه\".","vol":"17","page":169},{"text":"حدثنا عاصِمُ بن علي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَنَشَ بنَ المُعتَمِرِ قال: تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ مِنا امرأةً، فزَنَى قبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بها، فأقامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - عَلَيه الحَدَّ، فقالَ: إنَّ المَرأةَ لا تَرضَى أن تكونَ عِندَه. ففرَّق بَينَهُما عليٌّ - ﵁ - (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا التَّفريقُ بَينَهُما بالزِّنى حُكمًا، فلا نَقولُ به؛ لِما ذَكَرنا في كِتابِ النِّكاحِ مِنَ الحُجَجِ (^٢)، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - فرَّقَ بَينَهُما برِضاه بالتَّفريق، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفاءُ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن تَزَوَّجَ مِمَّن لَم يَكُنْ أحصَنَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ، فزَنَى قبلَ أن يَدخُلَ بامرأتِه، فلا رَجمَ عَلَيه، والمرأةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ، فإِن دَخَلَ بامرأتِه ساعَةً مِن لَيلٍ أو نَهارٍ أو أكثَرَ، فزَنَى بعدَ ذَلِكَ، فعَلَيه الرَّجمُ، والمَرأةُ مِثلُ ذَلِكَ، والإماءُ أُمَّهاتُ الأولاد، لا يوجِبنَ الرَّجمَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3621>بابُ مَن جُلِدَ في الزّنى ثُمَّ عُلِمَ بإِحصانِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٨٠، ١٣٢٨١)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٧٠٣٥) من طريق سماك بن حرب به.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٣٩٨٩، ١٤٠٠٣).","vol":"17","page":170},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَلَدَ رَجُلًا في الزِّنى مِائَةً، فأُخبِرَ أنَّه كان أحصنَ، فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٣١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحيمِ أبو يَحيَى البَزّازُ، أخبرَنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أن رَجُلًا زَنَى بامرأةٍ فلَم يُعلَمْ بإِحصانِه فجُلِدَ، ثُمَّ عُلِمَ بإِحصانِه فرُجِمَ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ البَزّاز، وفي رِوايَةِ أبي مسلمٍ قال: عن جابِرٍ في رَجُلٍ زَنَى ثُمَّ جُلِدَ، ثُمَّ عُلِمَ بإِحصانِه قال: يُرجَمُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3622>بابٌ: المَرجومُ يُغسَلُ ويُصَلَّى عَلَيه ثُمَّ يُدفَنُ</span>\n\n١٧٠٣٢ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبهانِي، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشام، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، أن أبا قِلابَةَ حَدَّثَه، عن أبي المُهَلَّب، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أن امرأةً مِن جُهَينَةَ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهِيَ حُبْلَى مِنَ الزِّنى، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وليَّها أن يُحسِنَ إلَيها \"فإِذا وضَعَت حَملَها فأتني بها\". ففعَلَ فأمَرَ بها فشُكَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فرُجِمَت، ثُمَّ صَلَّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٣٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢١١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٥٦).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٣٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢١٢) من طريق أبي عاصم به. قال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٥٧): ضعيف موقوف.","vol":"17","page":171},{"text":"عَلَيها، فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ الله، أتُصَلِّي عَلَيها وقَد زَنَت؟، فقالَ: \"لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً، لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ أهلِ المَدينَةِ لَوَسِعَتهُم، وهَل وجَدْتَ شَيئًا أفضَلَ مِن أن جادَت بنَفسِها؟! \" (^١).\n\n١٧٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ القَبَّنِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ سبعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ لَوَسِعَتهُم، وهَل وجَدْتَ أفضَلَ مِن أن جادَت بنَفسِها للهِ ﷿؟! \" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسَّان عن مُعاذٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلادُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا بَشيرُ بن المُهاجِر، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، في قصَّةِ الغامِديَّةِ ورَجمِها وسّبِّ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ إيّاها، قال: فسَمِعَ نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ - سَبَّه إيّاها، فقالَ: \"مَهلًا يا خالِدَ بنَ الوَليد، لا تَسُبَّها، فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً، لَو تابَها صاحِبُ مَكْسٍ لَغُفِرَ له\". فأمَرَ بها فصُلِّيَ عَلَيها ودُفِنَت (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ بَشيرِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٩١٠)، وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧١).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٥٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٦/ ٢٤).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٩١١)، وسيأتي في (١٧٠٤٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٣).","vol":"17","page":172},{"text":"١٧٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا حَرَمِيُّ بن حَفصٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيز، أن خالِدَ بنَ اللَّجلاجِ حَدَّثَه، أن أباه اللَّجلاجَ أخبَرَه أنَّه كان قاعِدًا يَعتَمِلُ (^١) في السُّوق، فمَرَّتِ امرأةٌ تَحمِلُ صَبيًّا، فثارَ النّاسُ وثُرتُ فيمَن ثارَ، فانتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أظنّه قال: فقالَ: \"مَن أبو هذا مَعَكِ؟ \". قال: فسَكَتَت. قال: فقالَ شابٌّ حِذاءَها: أنا أبوه يا رسولَ الله. قال: فأقبَلَ عَلَيها فقالَ: \"مَن أبو هذا مَعَكِ؟ \". قال: فسَكَتَت. قال: فقالَ الفَتَى: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّها حَديثَةُ السِّنّ، حَديثَةُ عَهدٍ بخِزيَةٍ (^٢) ولَيسَت مُكَلِّمَتَكَ، فأنا أبوه يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: فنَظَرَ إلَى بَعضِ مَن حَولَه، كأنَّه يَسألُهُم عنه، فقالوا: ما عَلِمْنا إلا خَيرًا. أو نَحوَ ذا فقالَ: \"أحصَنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَ به يُرجَمُ. قال: فخَرَجْنا به، فحَفَرنا له حَتَّى أمكَنَّا، ثُمَّ رَمَيناه بالحِجارَةِ حَتَّى هَدأ (^٣)، ثُمَّ انصَرَفْنا إلَى مَجالِسِنا. قال: فبَينا نَحنُ كَذَلِكَ إذ جاءَ شَيخٌ يَسألُ عن المَرجوم، فقُمْنا إلَيه فأخَذْنا بتَلابيبِه (^٤) فانطَلَقْنا به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقُلنا: إن هذا جاءَ يَسألُ عن الخَبيثِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَه، لَهو أطيَبُ عِندَ اللهِ مِن ريحِ المِسكِ\".\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يعمل\".\n(^٢) خزية: خصلة يستحيا منها. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٢٧٧. وينظر التاج ٣٧/ ٥٤٤ (خ ز ئ).\n(^٣) هدأ: سكن، والمراد: مات. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٤) يقال: لببه وأخذ بتلبيبه وتلابيبه: إذا جمعت ثيابه عند صدره ونحره. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٩٣، ٤/ ٢٢٣. وينظر التاج ٤/ ١٩٣ (ل ب ب).","vol":"17","page":173},{"text":"قال: فانصرفنا مَعَ الشيخِ فإِذا هو أبوه، فأتَينا إلَيه فأعَنَّاه على غَسلِه وتكفينِه ودَفنِه. قال: ولا أدرِي قال: والصَّلاةِ عَلَيه، أم لا (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن أبي بكرَةَ أن النبي - ﷺ - رَجَمَ امرأةً، فلَمَّا طَفِئَت (^٢) أخرَجَها فصَلَّى عَلَيها (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٣٦ - وأمَّا ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ ففيما أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فاعتَرَفَ بالزِّنى، فأعرَضَ عنه، ثُمّ اعتَرَفَ، فأعرَضَ عنه، حَتَّى شَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ مَرَاتٍ، فقالَ له النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"أبِكَ جُنونٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أحصَنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَ به النَّبي - ﷺ - فرُجِمَ بالمُصَلَّى، فلَمّا أذلَقَته الحِجارَةُ فرَّ، فأُدرِكَ، فرُجِمَ حَتَّى ماتَ، فقالَ له رسولُ الله - ﷺ - خَيرًا ولَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيهِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٣٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٨٤) من طريق حرمى بن حفص به. وأحمد (١٥٩٣٤) من طريق خالد بن اللجلاج به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٤٩: ابن علاثة مختلف فيه. وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٢٨).\n(^٢) طفئت: أي ماتت. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٦١.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٧٠٤٧، ١٧٠٤٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٥٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٣٣٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٤٦٢)، وأبو داود (٤٤٣٠)، والترمذي (١٤٢٩)، والنسائي (١٩٥٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٩٤). وتقدم في (١٧٠٠٩)، وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧٢).","vol":"17","page":174},{"text":"عبد الرَّزَّاقِ إلا أنَّه لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَ الحَديث، وساقَه غَيرُه عن إسحاقَ وقالَ: فلَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أصحابُ عبد الرَّزَاقِ عنه. ورَواه البخاريُّ عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، وقالَ فيه: فصلَّى عَلَيه. وهو خَطأٌ، قال البخاريُّ: ولَم يَقُلْ يونُسُ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ: فصَلَّى عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن غَنَّامٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن هِشامٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: جاءَ ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ فاعتَرَفَ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالزِّنى ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فسألَ عنه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ أمَرَ به فرُجِمَ، فرَمَيناه بالخَزَفِ والجَنْدَلِ (^٣) والعِظام، وما حَفَرْنا له ولا أوثَقْناه، فمَضَى يَشتَدُّ إلَى الحَرَّةِ واتَّبَعْناه، فقامَ لَنا فرَمَيناه حَتَّى سَكَنَ، فما استَغفَرَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ولا سَبَّه (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٥). فهَكَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه، ما دَلَّ على أن النبي - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٩١) عقب (١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٢٠).\n(^٣) الجندل: ما يُقِلُّه الرجل من الحجارة، وقيل: هو الحجر كله. التاج ٢٨/ ٢٤٥ (جندل).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٤٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٩٩) من طريق معاوية بن هشام به. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧٩).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٩٤).","vol":"17","page":175},{"text":"إن لَم يَستَغفِر لِماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ في الحال، أمَرَهُم بالاستِغفارِ له بعدَ يَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةٍ (^١).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ عبد الله بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في قِصةِ الغامِديَّةِ أنَّه أمَرَ بها فصُلِّيَ عَلَيها ودُفِنَت، وقِصَّةُ الغامِديَّةِ بعدَ قِصةِ ماعِزٍ، ففِي قِصةِ الغامِديَّةِ أنَّها قالَت: يا نَبِيَّ الله، لِمَ تَرُدَّنِي؟ فلَعَلَّكَ أن تَرُدَّنِي كما رَدَدتَ ماعِزًا، فواللهِ إنِّي لَحُبلَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3623>بابُ مَن أجازَ ألّا يَحضُرَ الإمامُ المَرجوميَن ولا الشُّهودُ</span>\nقال الشافِعِي ﵀: أمَرَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - برَجمِ ماعِزٍ ولَم يَحضُرْه، وأمَرَ أُنَيسًا أن يأتيَ امرأةً فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت رَجَمَها، ولَم يَقُل: أعلِمْنِي لأحضُرَها (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، قال أبو عبد الله: أخبرَني، وقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد الله المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَني شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَني أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرحمنِ وسَعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ مِن أسلَمَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو في المَسجِد، فناداه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ الأخِرَ (^٤) زَنَى، يَعنِي نَفسَه. فأعرَضَ عنه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٥٥٩، ١٧٠١١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٠٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٥٦)، والأم ٦/ ١٣٤.\n(^٤) الأخِر بوزن الكبِد: الأبعد المتأخر عن الخير. الكفاية ١/ ٢٩. وينظر التاج ١٠/ ٣٨ (أ خ ر).","vol":"17","page":176},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فتَنَحَّى لِشِقِّ وجهِه الَّذِي أعرَضَ قِبَلَه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ الأخِرَ زَنَى. فأعرَضَ عنه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فتَنَحَّى لِشِقِّ وجهِه الَّذِي أعرَضَ قِبَلَه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ الأخِرَ زَنَى. فأعرَضَ عنه رسولُ الله - ﷺ -، فتَنَحَّى الرَّابِعَةَ، فلَمّا شَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ، دَعاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"هَل بكَ جُنون؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبُوا به فارجُموه\" وكان قَد أحصنَ (^١). قال الزُّهرِيُّ: فأخبَرَنِي مَن سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيَّ قال: كُنتُ فيمَن رَجَمَه، فرَجَمْناه بالمُصَلَّى بالمَدينَة، فلَمّا أذلَقَته الحِجارَةُ جَمَزَ (^٢) حَتَّى أدرَكْناه بالحَرَّة، فرَجَمْناه حَتَّى ماتَ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمان، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ الدّارِمِيِّ عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن غَنّاَمٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ - يَعنِي ابنَ هَزَّالٍ الأسلَمِيَّ - عن أبيه قال: جاءَ ماعِزٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي زَنَيتُ فأقِمْ فيَّ كِتابَ الله. فأعرَضَ عنه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٢٦٢)، والبزار في مسنده (٧٦٩٠)، والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٢٥) من طريق أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٠٩، ١٧٠١٠).\n(^٢) جَمَز: أي: أسرع. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١٠/ ١٧٧١.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٧١، ٥٢٧٢)، ومسلم (١٦٩١/ ...).","vol":"17","page":177},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: إنِّي زَنَيتُ فأقِمْ فيَّ كِتابَ الله. فأعرَضَ عنه حَتَّى ذَكَرَ أربَعَ مَرَاتٍ فقالَ: \"اذهَبوا به فارجُموه\". فلَمّا مَسته الحِجارَةُ جَزعَ فاشتَدَّ، فخَرَجَ عبدُ اللهِ بن أُنَيسٍ مِن باديَتِه، فرَماه بوَظيفِ حِمارٍ (^١) فصَرَعَه، ورَماه النّاسُ حَتَّى قَتَلوه، فذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فِرارَه فقالَ: \"هَلَّا تَرَكتموه، فلَعَلَّه يَتوبُ فيتوبَ الله عَلَيه، يا هَزّالُ لَو سَتَرتَه بثَوبكَ كان خَيرًا لَكَ ممّا صنَعتَ\" (^٢). وقالَ غَيرُه في هذا الحَديثِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ: بوَظيفِ بَعيرٍ (^٣). وقالَ بَعضُهُم: بِلَحْي بَعيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بن يوسُفَ الأصبهانِي، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ هذا الحَديثُ على سُفيانَ وأنا حاضِرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنا الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ الله بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ وأبِي هريرةَ وشِبلٍ قالوا: كُنَّا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أنشُدُكَ اللهَ إلا قَضَيتَ بَينَنا بكِتابِ الله. فقامَ خَصمُه - وكانَ أفقَهَ مِنه - فقالَ: أجَل يا رسولَ الله، اقضِ بَينَنا بكِتابِ الله وأْذَنْ فلْأقُلْ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) وظيف الحمار: هو له كالحافر للفرس. النهاية ٥/ ٢٠٥.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٥٧) وعنده: بوظيف جمل. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٠٥) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وأحمد (٢١٨٩٢)، وأبو داود (٤٣٧٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٥١: وهذا على شرط مسلم، فإن يزيد من رجال صحيحه. وسيأتي في (١٧٠٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد ٣٦/ ٢١٤ (٢١٨٩٠)، وأبو داود (٤٤١٩) من طريق هشام بن سعد عن يزيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٩٣، ٤٩٤٤) من طريق أبي سلمة عن يزيد به.","vol":"17","page":178},{"text":"\"قُلْ\". قال: إنَّ ابنِي كان عَسيفًا على هذا، وإِنَّه زَنَى بامرأتِه، فأُخبِرتُ أن على ابنِي الرَّجمَ، فافتَدَيتُ مِنه بمائَةِ شاةٍ وخادِمٍ، ثُمَّ سألتُ رِجالًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ فأخبَرونِي أن على ابنِي جَلدَ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبَ عامٍ، وأنَّ على امرأةِ هذا الرَّجمَ. فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لأقضيَنَّ بَينَكُما بكِتابِ الله، المِائَةُ شاةٍ والخادِمُ رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، وعَلَى ابنِكَ جَلدُ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبُ عامٍ، واغدُ يا أُنَيسُ على امرأةِ هذا، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت فارجُمْها\". قالَ: فغَدا عَلَيها فاعتَرَفَت فرَجَمَها (^١). قال الحُمَيدِيُّ: قال سفيانُ: وأُنيسٌ رَجُلٌ مِن أسلَمَ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ الحُمَيدِيِّ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللهِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ دونَ ذِكرِ شِبلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِي، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أتاه رَجُلٌ - وهو بالشّامِ - فذَكَرَ له أنَّه وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، فبَعَثَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ إلَى امرأتِه يَسألُها عن ذَلِكَ، فأتاها وعِندَها نِسوَةٌ حَولَها، فذَكَرَ لها الذِي قال زَوجُها لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وأخبَرَها\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٨١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٤٢)، والترمذي (١٤٣٣)، والنسائي (٥٤٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٤٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٠٠، ١٧٠٠١)، وسيأتي. في (١٧٠٥٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٢٦ - ٦٨٢٨، ٦٨٥٩، ٦٨٦٠، ٧٢٧٨، ٧٢٧٩).","vol":"17","page":179},{"text":"أنّها لا تُؤخَذُ بقَولِه، وجَعَلَ يُلَقِّنُها أشباهَ ذَلِكَ لِتَنزعَ، فأبَت أن تَنزعَ وثَبَتَت على الاعتِراف، فأمَرَ بها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - فرُجِمَت (^١).\nقال الشافِعِيُّ في الكِتابِ: ولَم يَقُلْ: أَعلِمْنِي أَحضُرْها. ولَقَد أمَرَ عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - برَجمِ امرأةٍ فرُجِمَت وما حَضرَها (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٤٢ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَير، حدثنا مالك، أنَّه بَلَغَه أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفانَ - ﵁ - أُتِيَ بامرأةٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في أمرِه برَجمِها، وأنَّه أمَرَ برَدِّها فوُجِدَت قَد رُجِمَت (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3624>بابُ مَنِ اعتَبَرَ حُضُورَ الإمامِ والشُّهود، وبِدايَةُ الإمامِ بالرَّجمِ إذا ثَبَتَ الزّنى باعتراف المَرجوم، وبِدايَةُ الشُّهودِ به إذا ثَبَتَ بشَهادَتِهِم</span>\n\n١٧٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الجَوّاب، حدثنا عَمّارٌ وابنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: أُتيَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - بشُراحَةَ الهَمْدانيَّةِ قَد فجَرَت، فرَدَّها حَتَّى ولَدَت، فلَمَّا ولَدَت قال: ائتونِي بأقرَبِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٦٤)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠٤٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥٤، ومالك ٢/ ٨٢٣، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٤١. وتقدم في (١٧٠١٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٣٤.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٥. وتقدم في (١٥٦٤٣).","vol":"17","page":180},{"text":"النِّساءِ مِنها. فأعطاها ولَدَها، ثُمَّ جَلَدَها ورَجَمَها، ثُمّ قال: جَلَدتُها بكِتابِ الله ورَجَمتُها بالسُّنَّةِ. ثُمَّ قال: أيَّما امرأةٍ نَعَى عَلَيها ولَدُها (^١)، أو كان اعترافٌ، فالإمامُ أوَّلُ مَن يَرجُمُ ثُمَّ النّاسُ، فإِن نَعاها الشُّهودُ، فالشُّهودُ أوَّلُ مَن يَرجُمُ، ثُمَّ الإمامُ ثُمَّ النّاسُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا\nأبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأجلَحُ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: جِيءَ بشُراحَةَ الهَمْدانيَّةِ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَ لها: ويلَك، لَعَلَّ رَجُلًا وقَعَ عَلَيكِ وأنتِ نائمَةٌ. قالَت: لا. قال: لَعَلَّكِ استَكرَهَكِ. قالَت: لا. قال: لَعَلَّ زَوجَكِ مِن عَدوِّنا هذا أتاك، فأنتِ تَكرَهينَ أن تَدُلِّي عَلَيه. يُلَقِّنُها لَعَلَّها تَقولُ: نَعَم. قال: فأمَرَ بها فحُبِسَت، فلمّا وضَعَت ما في بَطنِها، أخرَجَها يَومَ الخَميسِ فضَرَبَها مِائَةً، وحَفَرَ لها يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ في الرَّحبَة، وأحاطَ الناسُ بها وأخَذوا الحِجارَةَ، فقالَ: لَيسَ هَكَذا الرَّجمُ؛ إذن يُصيبَ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا، صُفّوا كَصفِّ الصَّلاةِ صَفًّا خَلفَ صَفٍّ. ثُمَّ قال: أيُّها النّاسُ، أيُّما امرأةٍ جِيءَ بها، بها حَبَلٌ يَعنِي أوِ اعتَرَفَت، فالإمامُ أوَّلُ مَن يَرجُمُ ثُمَّ الناسُ، وأيُّما امرأةٍ جِيءَ بها، أو رَجُلٍ زانٍ فشَهِدَ عَلَيه أربَعَةٌ بالزِّنى، فالشُّهودُ أوَّلُ مَن يَرجُمُ، ثُمَّ الإمامُ ثُمَّ الناسُ.\n_________\n(^١) نعى عليها ولدها: أي شهَّر بها ودل على زناها، وذلك إذا تبَيَّنَ زناها بالحبل. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ٨٥، والتاج ٤٠/ ١٠٩ (ن ع ى).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٢٤ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٥٢: فيه إرسال.","vol":"17","page":181},{"text":"ثُمَّ رَجَمَها، ثُمَّ أمَرَهُم، فرَجَمَ صَفٌّ ثُمّ صَفٌّ، ثُمّ قال: افعَلوا بها ما تَفعَلونَ بمَوتاكُم (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد ذَكَرنا أن جَلدَ الثَّيِّبِ صارَ مَنسوخًا، وأنَّ الأمرَ صارَ إلَى الرَّجمِ فقَط.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3625>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَفرِ المرجومِ والمرجومَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي (ح) قال: وأخبَرَني أبو الوَليد، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بن يونُسَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن زَكَريا بن أبي زائدَةَ، حدثنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: لما أمَرَنا النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - أن نَرجُمَ ماعِزَ بنَ مالكٍ، خَرَجْنا به إلَى البَقيع، فواللهِ ما حَفَرْنا له ولا أوثَقْناه، ولَكِنَّه قامَ لَنا فرَمَيناه بالعِظامِ والخَزَفِ، فاشتَكَى فخَرَجَ يَشتَدُّ حَتَّى انتَصَبَ لَنا في عُرضِ الحَرَّة، فرَمَيناه بجَلاميدِ الجَندَلِ حَتَّى سَكَتَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سرَيجِ بنِ يونسَ (^٣). كذا رَواه أبو سعيدٍ الخدرِيُّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة ٢/ ١٣٩ من طريق الأجلح به. وأحمد (٧١٦)، والبخاري (٦٨١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤١) من طريق الشعبيّ به.\n(^٢) أحمد (١١٥٨٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٣١) من طريق يحيى بن زكريا به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٣٧)، وسيأتي في (١٧٠٧٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٤).","vol":"17","page":182},{"text":"١٧٠٤٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ البَغدادِيُّ بهَراةَ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلادُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا بَشيرُ بن مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ نَبِيِّ الله - ﷺ - فجاءَ ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ الأسلَمِيُّ فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ إنِّي زَنَيتُ، وإِنِّي أُريدُ أن تُطَهِّرَني. فقالَ له نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ -،: \"ارجِعْ\". فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ أتاه أيضًا، فاعتَرَفَ عِندَه بالزِّنى فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ الله طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ له نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ\". ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى قَومِه فسألَهُم عنه فقالَ: \"هَل تَعلَمونَ ماعِزَ بنَ مالكٍ؟ هَل تَرَونَ به بأسًا؟ أو تُنكِرونَ مِن عَقلِه شَيئًا؟ \". قالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ما نَرَى به بأسًا ولا نُنكِرُ مِن عَقلِه شَيئًا. فأتاه مِنَ الغَدِ الثّالِثَةَ فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ الله طَهِّرْنِي فإِنِّي قَد زَنَيتُ. قال: فأرسَلَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى قَومِه فسألَهُم عنه كما سألَهُم في المرَّةِ الأولَى فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ الله ما نُنكِرُ مِن عَقلِه شَيئًا ولا نَرَى به بأسًا. فأمَرَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فحُفِرَ له حُفرَةٌ فجُعِلَ فيها إلَى صَدرِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ النّاسَ أن يَرجُموه. وعن أبيه قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ نَبِي الله - ﷺ - فجاءَته امرأةٌ مِن غامِدٍ فقالَت: يا نَبِيَّ الله طَهِّرْنِي، فإِنِّي قَد زَنَيتُ. فقالَ لها نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعِي\". فلَمّا كان مِنَ الغَدِ أيضًا اعتَرَفَت عِندَه بالزِّنى فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرني فلَعَلَّكَ أن تُرَدِّدَني كما رَدَّدتَ ابنَ مالكٍ الأسلَمِيَّ، فواللهِ إنِّي لحُبلَى. فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعِي حَتى تَلِدِي\". فَلَمّا ولَدَته جاءَته بالصَّبِيِّ تَحمِلُه في خِرقَةٍ قالَت: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ هذا قَد ولَدتُ. فقالَ لها نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبِي فأرضعيه حَتَّى تَفطِميه\". فلَمّا فطَمَته جاءَت بالصَّبِيِّ في","vol":"17","page":183},{"text":"يَدِه كِسرَةُ خُبزٍ فقالَت: يا نَبِيَّ الله هذا قَد فطَمتُه، هذا هو يأكُلُ. فأمَرَ نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ - بدَفعِه إلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ثُمّ أمَرَ بها فحُفِرَ لها حُفرَةٌ فجُعِلَت فيها إلَى صَدرِها، ثُمّ أمَرَ الناسَ أن يَرجُموها، فأقبَلَ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ يَعنِي بحَجَرٍ، فرَمَى رأسَها، فتَنَضَّحَ (^١) على وجنَةِ خالِدٍ فسَبَّها، فسَمِعَ نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ - سَبَّه إياها فقالَ: \"مَهلًا يا خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ لا تَسُبَّها؛ فوالذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً لَو تابَها صاحِبُ مَكسٍ لَغُفِرَ له\". فأمَرَ بها فصُلِّيَ عَلَيها ودُفِنَت (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن بَشيرِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ (^٣).\nوفي هذا الحَديثِ إثباتُ الحَفرِ لِلرَّجُلِ والمَرأةِ جَميعًا. ورُوِّينا في حَديثِ اللَّجْلاجِ في قصَّةِ الشّابِّ المُحصَنِ الَّذِي اعتَرَفَ بالزِّنى قال: فأمَرَ به النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - يُرجَمُ. قال: فخَرَجنا به فحَفَرنا له حَتَّى أمكَنّا، ثُمّ رَمَيناه بالحِجارَةِ حَتَّى هَدأ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا في حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ في قصَّةِ الجُهَنيَّةِ: فشُكَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها - وفي رِوايَةٍ: فشُدَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها - ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فرُجِمَت (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فتنضخ\". وقال القاضي: روايتنا بالحاء المهملة، وفي رواية أخرى بالخاء المعجمة، وهما صحيحتان، وكلاهما من الرش والصب. إكمال المعلم ٥/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٩١١، ١٧٠٣٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٠٣٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٩١٠، ١٧٠٣٢).","vol":"17","page":184},{"text":"١٧٠٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعُ بن الجَرّاح، عن زَكَريّا أبي عِمرانَ قال: سَمِعتُ شَيخًا يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبي - ﷺ - رَجَمَ امرأةً فحُفِرَ لها إلَى الثَّنْدوَةِ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٤٨ - قال أبو داودَ: حُدِّثتُ عن عبد الصَّمَدِ بنِ عبد الوارِث، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ سُلَيمانَ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، زادَ: ثُمَّ رَماها بحَصاةٍ مِثلَ الحِمِّصة، ثُمَّ قال: \"ارموا، واتَّقُوا الوجه\". فلَمّا طَفِئَت أخرَجَها فصلَّى عَلَيها. وقالَ في التَّوبَةِ نَحوَ حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3626>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَفي البِكرِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عَونٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَسَن، عن حِطّانَ بنِ عبد الله، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"خُذوا عَنِّي، قَد جَعَلَ اللهُ لهنَّ سَبيلًا؛ البِكرُ بالبِكرِ جَلدُ مِائَة ونَفيُ سنةٍ، والثَّيِّبُ بالثَّيِّبِ جَلدُ\n_________\n(^١) الثَّنْدوة: من الرجل، كالثديين للمرأة. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٢٩.\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٤٤٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٧٨) عن وكيع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٣٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٣٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٠٩) من طريق وكيع به.\nوعند أحمد: سليم. بدلًا من: سليمان. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٥٨).","vol":"17","page":185},{"text":"مِائَةٍ والرَّجمُ\" (^١). هذا حَديثُ يَحيَى، وفي رِوايَةِ عمرٍو: \"وتَغريبُ عامٍ\". رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحْيَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد الله، عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِي وشِبلٍ قالوا: كُنّا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أنشُدُكَ اللهَ إلا قَضَيتَ بَينَنا بكِتابِ اللهِ وأْذَنْ لي. قال: \"قُلْ\". قال: إنَّ ابني كان عَسيفًا على هذا فزَنَى بامرأتِه، فافتَدَيتُ مِنه بمائَةِ شاةٍ وخادِمٍ، ثُمَّ سألتُ رِجالًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ فأخبَرونِي أن عَلَيه جَلدَ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبَ عامٍ، وأنَّ على امرأةِ هذا الرَّجمَ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لأقضيَنَّ بَينَكُما بكِتابِ الله ﷿؛ المِائَةُ الشاةِ والخادِمُ رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، وعَلَى ابنِكَ جَلدُ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبُ عامٍ، واغدُ يا أُنَيسُ على امرأةِ هذا، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت فارجُمْها\". فغَدا عَلَيها فاعتَرَفَت فرَجَمَها. قال سفيانُ: وأُنَيسٌ رَجُلٌ مِن أسلَمَ (^٣). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن علي بن عبد الله وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ دونَ ذِكرِ شِبلٍ (^٤)، والحُفَّاظُ يَرَونَه خَطأً في هذا الحَديثِ.\n\n١٧٠٥١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِيُّ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٦٦)، وأبو داود (٤٤١٦)، والترمذي (١٤٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٤٢٥، ٤٤٢٦) من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم في (١٦٩٩٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢/ ١٦٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٣٠٤) من طريق أحمد بن شيبان به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٤٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨٢٧، ٦٨٢٨).","vol":"17","page":186},{"text":"سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ عبد اللهِ المدينِيَّ يقولُ في هذا الحَديثِ: قُلتُ لِسُفيانَ: إنَّ بَعضَهُم يَجعَلُه عن واحِدٍ. قال: لَكِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله، عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ وشِبلٍ: كُنّا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال عليٌّ: قال سفيانُ؛ هذا حَفِظْناه مِن فِي الزُّهرِيِّ، ولَعَمرِي لَقَد أتقَنّاه إتقانًا حَسَنًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كَذا قال ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، وأمّا الباقونَ مِن أصحابِ الزُّهرِيِّ نَحوَ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ وصالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ وعُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ وشُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حمزة ومَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ ويونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ واللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ وغَيرِهِم فلَم يَذكُروا فيه شِبلًا، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّرْقِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النبي - ﷺ - يأمُرُ فيمَن زَنَى ولَم يُحصَنْ بجَلدِ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبِ عامٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد الرَّحمَن، وفي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِيِّ: شَهِدْتُه قَضَى فيمَن زَنَى (^٢). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر المعرفة للمصنف عقب حديث (٥٠٥٧).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٤٢٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٣٤)، والطبراني (٥١٩٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وسيأتي في (١٧١٣٤).","vol":"17","page":187},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبد العَزيزِ وزادَ في آخِرِه: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وأخبَرَني عُروَةُ أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - غَرَّبَ، ثُمَّ لَم تَزَلْ تِلكَ السُّنَّةَ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ الله - ﷺ - أنَّه قال فيمَن زَنَى ولَم يحصَنْ: \"يُنفَى عامًا مِنَ المَدينَةِ مَعَ إقامَةِ الحَدِّ عَلَيهِ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - يَنفِي مِنَ المَدينَةِ إلَى البصرَةَ وإِلَى خَيبَرَ (^٢). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ الحَذاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد الله المدينِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن زَكَريّا (^٤)، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: بَينَما أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في المَسجِد، جاءَه رَجُلٌ فلاثَ عَلَيه بلَوْثٍ مِن كَلامٍ (^٥) وهو دَهِشٌ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: قُمْ إلَيه فانظُرْ في\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٥٨) من طريق ابن ملحان به. وأحمد (٩٨٤٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٣٧) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٣٣).\n(^٤) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"بن أبي زائدة\".\n(^٥) أي: أراد أنه تكلم بكلام مطوى لم يشرحه ولم يبينه للاستحياء. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٧٨.","vol":"17","page":188},{"text":"شأنِه، فإِنَّ له شأنًا. فقامَ إلَيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّه ضافَه ضَيفٌ فوَقَعَ بابنَتِه. فصَكَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - في صَدرِه وقالَ: قَبَّحَكَ الله، ألا سَتَرتَ على ابنَتِكَ؟ قال: فأمَرَ بهِما أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فضُرِبا الحَدَّ، ثُمّ تَزَوَّجَ أحَدُهُما مِنَ الآخَر، وأمَرَ بهِما فغُرِّبا عامًا أو حَولًا (^١). قال عليٌّ: هَكَذا رَواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٧٠٥٥ - وخالَفَه عُبَيدُ الله بن عُمَرَ في إسنادِه ولَفظِه؛ قال عليٌّ: حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله، أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، عن صَفيَّةَ - قال عليٌّ: وهِيَ صَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبي عُبَيدٍ - أن رَجُلًا أضافَ رَجُلًا فافتَضَّ أُختَه، فجاءَ أخوها إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فأرسَلَ إلَيه فأقَرَّ به فقالَ: أبِكرٌ أم ثيبٌ؟ قال: بكرٌ. فجَلَدَه مِائَةً ونَفاه إلَى فَدَكٍ. قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَزَوَّجَ المَرأةَ بَعدُ. قال: ثُمَّ قُتِلَ الرَجُلُ يَومَ اليَمامَةِ (^٢).\nقالَ أحمدُ: وبِمَعناه رَواه مالكٌ وغَيرُه عن نافِعٍ في النَّفي.\n\n١٧٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبي عُبَيدٍ أنَّها أخبَرَته، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - أُتِيَ برَجُلٍ وقَعَ على جاريَةٍ بكرٍ فأحبَلَها، ثُمّ اعتَرَفَ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٧٧) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ١٣١، والدارقطني في العلل ١/ ٢٧٢ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"17","page":189},{"text":"نَفسِه أنَّه زَنَى ولَم يَكُنْ أَحصَنَ، فأمَرَ به أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فجُلِدَ الحَدَّ ثُمّ نُفِيَ إلَى فدَكٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٥٧ - ورَواه شُعَيبُ بن أبي حمزة عن نافِعٍ قال: أخبَرَتنِي صَفيَّةُ بنتُ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - أنَّه جَلَدَه ونَفاه عامًا. أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، حدثنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٥٨ - ورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ القِرْمِيسِينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ البُهلولِ القاضِي إملاءً قال: قُرِئَ على أبي كُرَيبٍ وأنا أسمَعُ: حَدَّثكم عبدُ الله بن إدريسَ، عن عُبَيدِ الله هو ابنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النبيَّ - ﷺ - ضَرَبَ وغَرَّبَ، وأنَّ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ وغَرَّبَ، وأنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ وغَرَّبَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٦٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٣١١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٧٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٨٣). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٣٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٢) عن أبي غريب محمد بن العلاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١١٦٤).","vol":"17","page":190},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ وغَرَّبَ، وأنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ وغَرَّبَ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الكَرابيسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - جَلَدَ ونَفَى مِنَ البَصرَةِ إلَى الكوفَةِ. أو قال: مِنَ الكوفَةِ إلَى البَصرَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بن أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباس، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا فِراسٌ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ - ﵁ - قال: البِكرانِ يُجلَدانِ ويُنفَيان، والثَّيِّبانِ يُرجَمانِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3627>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَفي المُخَنَّثيَن</span>\n\n١٧٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كان عِندِي مُخَنَّثٌ فقالَ لِعَبدِ اللهِ أخِي: إن فتَحَ الله عَلَيكُم غَدًا الطّائفَ، فإِنِّي أدُلُّكَ على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٦٢) من طريق أبي سعيد به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ١٢/ ٣٢١.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٨٤) عن الشعبيّ.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٦٠) من طريق فراس بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":191},{"text":"ابنَةِ غَيلانَ؛ فإِنَّها تُقبِلُ بأربَعٍ وتُدبِرُ بثَمانٍ. فسَمِعَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - قَولَه فقالَ: \"لا يَدخُلَنَّ هَؤُلاءِ عَلَيكُم\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّها أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وعِندِي مُخَنَّثٌ، فسَمِعَه يقولُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ: يا عبدَ الله أرأيتَ إن فتَحَ الله عَلَيكُمُ الطائفَ غَدًا، فعَلَيكَ بابنَةِ غَيلانَ؛ فإِنَّها تُقبِلُ بأربَعٍ وتُدبِرُ بثَمانٍ. قالَت: فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"لا يَدخُلَنَّ هَؤُلاءِ عَلَيكُم\" (^٣). قال سفيانُ: قال ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ: واسمُه هِيتٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٧٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن أبي الدُنيا، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن حَمّادٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ، عن موسَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٨٥)، وفي الدلائل ٥/ ١٦٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩٠)، وأبو داود (٤٩٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٤٥، ٩٢٤٩)، وابن ماجه (١٩٠٢، ٢٦١٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٢٣٥، ٥٨٨٧)، ومسلم (٢١٨٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٧٤)، والحميدي (٢٩٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٢٤).","vol":"17","page":192},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمنِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ قال: كان المُخَنَّثونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثَةً؛ ماتِعٌ وهِدمٌ وهِيتٌ، وكانَ ماتِعٌ لِفاخِتَةَ بنتِ عمرِو بنِ عائذٍ خالَةِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - وكانَ يَغشَى بُيوتَ النَّبِي - ﷺ - ويَدخُلُ عَلَيهِنَّ، حَتَّى إذا حاصَرَ الطّائفَ سَمِعَه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ لِخالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ: إنِ افتُتِحَتِ الطّائفُ غَدًا، فلا تَنفَلِتَنَّ مِنكَ باديَةُ بنتُ غَيلانَ؛ فإِنَّها تُقبِلُ بأربَعٍ وتُدبِرُ بثَمانٍ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لا أرَى هذا الخَبيثَ يَفطُنُ لِهَذا، لا يَدخُلْ عَلَيكُنَّ بعدَ هذا\". لِنِسائِه، قال: ثُمَّ أقبَلَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - قافِلًا حَتَّى إذا كان بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ قال: \"لا يَدخُلَنَّ المَدينَةَ\". ودَخَلَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ فكُلِّمَ فيه وقيلَ له: إنَّه مِسكينٌ ولا بُد له مِن شَئٍ. فجَعَلَ له رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يَومًا في كُلِّ سَبتٍ يَدخُلُ فيَسألُ ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَى مَنزِلِه، فلَم يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ عَهدَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - وأبِي بكرٍ وعَلَى عَهدِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، ونفى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - صاحِبَيه مَعَه، هِدمٌ والآخَرُ هِيتٌ (^١).\n\n١٧٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ المُخَنَّثينَ مِنَ الرجالِ والمُتَرَجِّلاتِ (^٢) مِنَ النِّساء، وقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم الملاهي (١٦٧) وفيه: هرم. بدل: هدم. وأخرجه ابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء المبهمة ١/ ١٠٧ عن ابن بشران به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٥٧: مرسل.\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"المترجلين\".","vol":"17","page":193},{"text":"\"أخرِجوهُم مِن بُيوتِكُم، وأخرِجوا فُلانًا وفُلانًا\". يَعنِي المُخَنَّثينَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبي - ﷺ - قال: \"أخرِجوا المُخَنَّثينَ مِن بُيوتِكُم\". فأخرَجَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - مُخَنَّثًا، وأخرَجَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مُخَنَّثًا (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٦٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ مِنَ المُخَنَّثينَ فأُخرِجَ مِنَ المَدينَة، وأمَرَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - برَجُلٍ مِنهُم فأُخرِجَ أيضًا (^٤).\n\n١٧٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفاءُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد اللهِ ومُحَمَّدُ بن العَلاء، أن أبا أُسامَةَ أخبَرَهُم، عن مُفَضِّلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٣٠) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٩٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٥٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٨٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٣٤)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (١١٩٩٠). وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٣٢٠٨) من طريق ابن بشران به.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٣٥).","vol":"17","page":194},{"text":"يونُسَ، عن الأوزاعِيّ، عن أبي يَسارٍ القُرَشِيّ، عن أبي هاشِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن النَّبي - ﷺ - أُتيَ بمُخَنَّثٍ قَد خَضَبَ يَدَيه ورِجلَيه بالحِنّاء، فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"ما بالُ هَذا؟ \". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ يَتَشَبَّهُ بالنِّساءِ. فأمَرَ به فنُفِيَ إلَى النَّقيعِ. قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألا نَقتُلُه؟ قال: \"إنِّي نُهيتُ عن قَتلِ المُصَلّينَ\". قال أبو أُسامَةَ: والنَّقيعُ ناحيَةٌ عن المَدينَةِ ولَيسَ بالبَقيعِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3628>بابُ إقامَةِ الحَدِّ على مَنِ اعتَرفَ بالزِّنى مَرَّةً وثَبَتَ عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٧٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ (^٢)، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، أخبرَني عُبَيدُ الله بن عبد الله، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: بَينا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قامَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأعرابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله اقضِ لي بِكِتابِ الله. فَقامَ خَصمُه فقالَ: صَدَقَ يا رسولَ الله، اقضِ له بكِتابِ اللهِ وأْذَنْ لِي. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُلْ\". فقالَ: إنَّ ابنِي كان عَسِيفًا على هذا - والعَسيفُ: الأجيرُ - فزَنَى بامرأتِه، فأخبَرونِي أن على ابنِي الرَّجمَ، فافتَدَيتُ مِنه بمِائَةٍ مِنَ الغَنَمِ ووَليدَةٍ، ثُمَّ سألتُ أهلَ العِلمِ فأخبَرونِي أن على امرأتِه الرَّجمَ، وأنَّما على ابنِي جلدُ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبُ عامٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لأقضيَنَّ بَينَكُما بكِتابِ اللهِ؛ أمّا الوَليدَةُ والغَنَمُ فرُدّوها، وأمّا ابنُكَ فعَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٢٠٨)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠٧٣)، وأبو داود (٤٩٢٨). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٦١٢٦) عن أبي غريب محمد بن العلاء به. والدارقطني ٢/ ٥٤ من طريق الحسن بن الربيع به.\nوصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١١٩).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"المزكى\". وتقدم في (١١٨٤، ١١٨٥، ١٤٣١، ٢٠٠٦) وغيرها.","vol":"17","page":195},{"text":"جَلدُ مِائَةٍ، وتَغريبُ عامٍ، وأمّا أنتَ يا أُنَيسُ - لِرَجُلٍ مِن أسلَمَ - فاغدُ على امرأةِ هذا، فإنِ اعتَرَفَت فارجُمها\". فغَدا عَلَيها أُنَيسٌ فاعتَرَفَت فرَجَمَها (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزهرِيِّ عن عُبَيدِ الله عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا يَحْيَى، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المُهَلَّب، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أن امرأةً أتَتِ النبيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: إنَّها زَنَت وهِيَ حُبلَى. فدَعا النَّبي - ﷺ - وليَّها فقالَ: \"أحسِن إلَيها، فإِذا وضَعَت فجِئ بها\". فلَمّا أن وضَعَت جاءَت، فأمَرَ بها النَّبي - ﷺ - فشُدَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها، ثُمّ أمَرَ بها فرُجِمَت، ثُمّ أمَرَهُم فصَلُّوا عَلَيها ثُمّ دَفَنوها، فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: يا رسولَ الله تُصَلِّي عَلَيها وقَد زَنَت؟! فقالَ: (والذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ سبعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ لَوَسِعَتهُم، وهَل وجَدتَ أفضَلَ مِن أن جادَت بنَفسِها؟! \" (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ كما مَضَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٢١) من طريق أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٠٠، ١٧٠٠١، ١٧٠٠٧، ١٧٠٤٠، ١٧٠٥٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٦٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٩٥، ٢٦٩٦)، ومسلم (١٦٩٧، ١٦٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٤٠) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٩١٠، ١٧٠٣٢، ١٧٠٣٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٤/ ١٦٩٦).","vol":"17","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3629>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُقامُ عَلَيه الحَدُّ حَتَّى يَعتَرِفَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ</span>\n\n١٧٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الله البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرحمنِ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِي سلمةَ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: أتَى رسولَ الله - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ مِنَ النّاسِ وهو في المَسجِدِ فناداه: يا رسولَ الله إنِّي زَنَيتُ. يُريدُ نَفسَه، فأعرَضَ عنه النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -، فتَنَحَّى لِشِقِّ وجهِه الذِي أعرَضَ قِبَلَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله إنِّي زَنَيتُ. فأعرَضَ عنه، فجاءَ لِشِقِّ وجهِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الَّذِي أعرَضَ عنه، فلَمّا شَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ دَعاه النَّبي - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أبِكَ جُنونٌ؟ \". فقالَ: لا يا رسولَ الله. فقالَ: \"أحصَنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم يا رسولَ الله. قال: \"اذهَبوا فارجُموه\" (^١).\n\n١٧٠٧٢ - قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَني مَن سَمِعَ جابِرًا قال: فكُنتُ فيمَن رَجَمَه، فرَجَمناه بالمُصلَّى، فلَمّا أذلَقَته الحِجارَةُ جَمَزَ حَتَّى أدرَكناه بالحَرَّةِ فرَجَمناه (^٢). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ عن اللَّيث، وأشارَ إلَيه أيضًا مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٠٠٩، ١٧٠١٠، ١٧٠٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٠٠٩، ١٧٠٣٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٢٥، ٦٨٢٦). ومسلم (١٦٩١) عقب (١٦).","vol":"17","page":197},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَني أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله الأنصارِيّ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ أتَى النبي - ﷺ - فحَدَّثَه أنَّه قَد زَنَى، وشَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ، فأمَرَ به رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فرُجِمَ، وكانَ قَد أحصَنَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبد اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرحمن، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، عن رسولِ الله - ﷺ - أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ شَهِدَ عِندَه بالزِّنى على نَفسِه أربَعَ مَراتٍ، فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ، وكانَ قَد أحصَنَ، قال: زَعَموا أنَّه ماعِزٌ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nقال الشافِعِي ﵀: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ في أوَّلِ الإِسلامِ؛ لجَهالَةِ النّاسِ بما عَلَيهِم، ألا تَرَى أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ في المُعتَرِفِ: \"أيَشتَكِي؟ أبِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٤٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. ومسلم (١٦/ ١٦٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٧٤) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٣٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨١٤).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٣٣٣٦). وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٣٦١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٧٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٩١/ ١٦).","vol":"17","page":198},{"text":"جِنَّةٌ؟ \". لا يَرَى أن أحَدًا سَتَرَ الله عَلَيه، يُقِرُّ بذَنبِه، إلا وهو يَجهَلُ حَدَّه؟ أوَلا تَرَى أن النَّبي - ﷺ - قال: \"اغدُ يا أُنَيسُ على امرأةِ هذا، فإِنِ اعتَرَفَت فارجُمْها\". ولَم يَذكُرْ عَدَدَ الاعتِرافِ؟ وأمَرَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أبا واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيَّ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، ولَم يأمُرْه بعَدَدِ اعتِرافٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الَّذِي ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ بَيِّنٌ فيما مَضَى.\n\n١٧٠٧٥ - وفيما أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جامِعٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ: \"ويحَكَ، ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِ اللهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\". قال: فرَجَعَ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرنِي. فقالَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ويحَكَ، ارجِعْ فاستَغفِرِ اللهَ وتُبْ إلَيه\". فقالَ: فرَجَعَ بَعيدٍ ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله طَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى إذا كانَتِ الرّابِعَةُ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: مِنَ الزِّنى. فسألَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أبِه جُنونٌ؟ \". فأُخبِرَ أنَّه لَيسَ بمَجنونٍ، فقالَ: \"أشَرِبتَ خَمرًا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فاستَنكَهَه فلَم يجد مِنه ريحَ خَمرٍ، فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في التَّوبَةِ كما مَضَى، قال: ثُمَّ جاءَته امرأةٌ مِن غامِدٍ مِنَ الأزدِ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ طَهِّرْنِي\". فقالَ: \"ويحَكِ! ارجِعِي فاستَغفِرِي اللهَ وتوبِي إلَيه\". فقالَت:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٣٥.","vol":"17","page":199},{"text":"لَعَلَّكَ تُريدُ أن تُرَدِّدَنِي كما رَدَّدتَ ماعِزَ بنَ مالكٍ. قال: \"وما ذَلِكَ؟ \". قالَت: إنَّها حُبلَى مِنَ الزِّنى. قال: \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم.\". قال: \"إذن لا نَرجُمُكِ حَتَّى تَضَعِي ما في بَطنِكِ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كريبٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعلَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن يَعلَى بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن ماعِزًا لما أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - قال له: \"ويحَكَ! لَعَلَّكَ قَبَّلتَ أو غَمَزتَ أو نَظَرتَ؟ \". فقالَ: لا. فقالَ له النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فعَلتَ كَذا وكَذا؟ \". لا يَكنِي. قال: نعم. قال: فعِندَ ذَلِكَ أمَرَ برَجمِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا أبي بهَذا غَيرَ أنَّه قال: \"أفَنِكتَها؟ \". قال: نَعَم (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد الله بنِ محمدٍ عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٥٩، ١٧٠١١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٩٣٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٢١٢٩) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٦٩) من طريق وهب بن جرير به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٨٢٤).","vol":"17","page":200},{"text":"١٧٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ بالطّابَران، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: رأيتُ ماعِزَ بنَ مالكٍ حينَ جِيءَ به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ قَصيرٌ أعضَلُ (^١) لَيسَ عَلَيه رِداءٌ، فشَهِدَ على نَفسِه أربَعَ شَهاداتٍ أنَّه قَد زَنَى، فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"فلَعَلَّكَ؟ \". قال: لا واللهِ قَد زَنَى الأَخِرُ. فرَجَمَه ثُمّ خَطَبَ فقالَ: \"ألا كُلَّما نَفَرنا في سَبيلِ الله، خَلَفَ أحَدُهُم له نَبِيبٌ كَنَبِيبِ التَّيس، ألا وإنِّي لا أوتَى بأحَدٍ مِنهُم إلا جَعَلتُه نَكالًا\" (^٢).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٣).\nوقَولُه له بعدَ الرابعةِ: \"فلَعَلَّكَ؟ \". دَليل على أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ فسَّرَ إقرارَه فيما مَضَى بما لا يَحتَمِلُ غَيرَ الزنى.\n\n١٧٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ومُحَمَّدُ بن المُثَنَّى، عن عبد الأعلَى، حدثنا داودُ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ يُقالُ له: ماعِزُ بن مالكٍ، أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي أصَبتُ فاحِشَةً فأقِمْه عليّ. فرَدَّه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - مِرارًا ثُمَّ سألَ قَومَه فقالوا: ما نَعلَمُ به بأسًا\n_________\n(^١) الأعضل: كما في الرواية الآخرى: \"ذو عضلات\" والعضلة: كل ما اشتمل من اللحم على عصب. إكمال المعلم ٥/ ٢٦٦. وأعضل: مكتنز اللحم. النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٢٢)، والطبراني (١٩٧٩) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وتقدم في (١٦٩٩٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٢/ ١٧).","vol":"17","page":201},{"text":"إلا أنَّه أصابَ شَيئا يَرَى ألا يُخرِجَه مِنه إلا أن يُقامَ فيه الحَدُّ. قال: فرَجَعَ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فأمَرَنا أن نَرجُمَه. قال: فانطَلَقنا إلَى بَقيعِ الغَرقَدِ. قال: فما أوثقْنا ولا حَفَرنا له. قال: فرَمَيناه بالعِظامِ والمَدَرِ والخَزَفِ. قال: فاشتَدَّ واشتَدَدنا خَلفَه حَتَّى أتَى عُرضَ الحَرَّةِ فانتَصَبَ لَنا فرَمَيناه بجَلاميدِ الحَرَّةِ - يَعنِي الحِجارَةَ - حَتَّى سَكَتَ. قال: ثُمّ قامَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - خَطيبًا مِنَ العِشاءِ قال: \"أكُلَّما انطَلَقْنا غُزاةً في سَبيلِ الله تَخَلَّفَ رَجُلٌ في عيالِنا له نَبيبٌ كَنَبيبِ التَّيسِ؟! عليَّ ألَّا أوتَى برَجُلٍ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ إلا نَكَّلتُ به\". قال: فما استَغفَرَ له ولا سَبَّه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى. رَواه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\nوسُؤالُه قَومَه بعدَ اعتِرافِه مِرارًا دَليلٌ على أنَّه كان يَشُكُّ في عَقلِهِ.\n\n١٧٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبهانِي الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الله بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ وهو أبو الشيخ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عمرُو بن أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبير، عن ابنِ عَمٍّ لأبِي هريرةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن ماعِزًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله إنِّي قَد زَنَيتُ. فأعرَضَ عنه حَتَّى قالَها أربَعًا، فلَمّا كان في الخامِسَةِ قال: \"زَنَيتَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"وتَدرِي ما الزنى؟ \". قال: نَعَم، أتَيتُ مِنها حَرامًا ما يأتي الرَجُلُ مِنِ امرأتِه حَلالًا. قال: \"ما تُريدُ إلَى هذا القَولِ؟ \". قال: أُريدُ أن تُطَهِّرْنِي. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أدخَلتَ ذَلِكَ مِنه في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٢٨٢) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٣٧، ١٧٠٤٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٩٤/ ٢٠).","vol":"17","page":202},{"text":"ذَلِكَ مِنها كما يَغِيبُ المِيلُ في المُكحُلَةِ والعَصا في الشئِ؟ \". أو قال: \"الرِّشاءُ (^١) في البئرِ؟ \". قال: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللهِ. فأمَرَ برَجمِه فرُجِمَ، فسَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلَينِ يقولُ أحَدُهُما لِصاحِبِه: ألَم تَرَ إلَى هذا الَّذِي سَتَرَ الله عَلَيه فلَم تَدَعْه نَفسُه حَتَّى رُجِمَ رَجمَ الكَلبِ؟! فسارَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - شَيئًا ثُمَّ مَرَّ بجيفَةِ حِمارٍ فقالَ: \"أينَ فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ؛ قُوما فانزِلا فكُلا مِن جيفَةِ هذا الحِمارِ\". قالا: غَفَرَ الله لَكَ يا رسولَ الله، وهَل يُؤكَلُ مِثلُ هَذا؟ قال: \"فما نِلتُما مِن أخيكُما آنِفًا شَرٌّ مِن هذا، والذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه إنَّه الآنَ لَفِي أنهارِ الجَنَّةِ يَتقَمَّسُ (^٢) فيها\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّه قال: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ جاءَ إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنَّ الأخِرَ زَنَى. فَقالَ له أبو بكرٍ: هَل ذَكَرتَ هذا لأحَدٍ غَيرِي؟ فقالَ: لا. قال: أبو بكرٍ: فتُبْ إلَى اللهِ واستَتِرْ بسِترِ اللهِ فإِنَّ اللهَ يَقبَلُ التَّوبَةَ عن عِبادِهِ. فلَم تُقِرَّه نَفسُه حَتَّى أتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ له كما قال لأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فقالَ له عُمَرُ كما قال له أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فلَم تُقِرَّه نَفسُه حَتَّى أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الرشاء: الحبل. التاج ٣٨/ ١٥٤ (ر ش و).\n(^٢) يتقمس: ينغمس ويغوص فيها. النهاية ٤/ ١٧٣.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٦١٤٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٦٤) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وابن حبان (٤٣٩٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٥٣).","vol":"17","page":203},{"text":"الأخِرَ زَنَى. قال سعيدٌ: فأعرَضَ عنه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - مِرارًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يُعرِضُ عنه، حَتَّى إذا أكثَرَ عَلَيه بَعَثَ إلَى أهلِه فقالَ: \"أيَشتَكِي به جنَّةٌ؟ \". فقالوا: واللهِ إنَّه لَصحيحٌ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أبِكرٌ أم ثَيِّبٌ؟ \". فقالوا: بَل ثَيِّبٌ. فأمَرَ به رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فرُجِمَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3630>بابُ المُعترِفِ بالزِّنى يَرجِعُ عن إقرارِه فيُتركُ</span>\n\n١٧٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ ماعِزٌ الأسلَمِيُّ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي زَنَيتُ. فأعرَضَ عنه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: \"اذهَبوا به فارجُموه\". فلَمّا وجَدَ مَسَّ الحِجارَةِ فرَّ يَشتَدُّ، فمَرَّ رَجُلٌ مَعَه لَحيُ بَعيرٍ فضَرَبَه فقَتَلَه، فذُكِرَ فِرارُه لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أفَلا تَرَكتموه؟ \" (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا تَمتام محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمِ بنِ هَزّالٍ الأسلَمِيِّ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال في ماعِزٍ لما ذَهَبَ: \"ألا تَرَكتموه، فلَعَلَّه يَتوبُ فيتوبَ الله\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٠، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٧١٧٩)، وابن بشكوال في غوامض الأسماء ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٠٩)، والترمذي (١٤٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٥٤) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"17","page":204},{"text":"عَلَيه؟ \". وقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"يا هَزّالُ، لَو كُنتَ سَتَرتَ عَلَيه بثَوبكَ لَكانَ خَيرًا لَكَ ممّا صَنَعتَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3631>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُقِرُّ بالزِّنى دونَ المَرأةِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا طَلقُ بن غَنامٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رَجُلًا أتاه فأقَرَّ عِندَه أنَّه زَنَى بامرأةٍ فسَمَّاها له، فبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى المَرأةِ فسألَها عن ذَلِكَ فأنكَرَت أن تكونَ زَنَت، فجَلَدَه الحَدَّ وتَرَكَها (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن أخِي خَلادٍ، عن خَلادِ بنِ عبد الرحمن، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقول: بَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ أتاه رَجُل مِن بَنِي لَيثِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ عبد مَناةَ فتَخَطَّى النَّاسَ حَتَّى اقتَرَبَ إلَيه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله أقِمْ عليَّ الحَدَّ. فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"اجلِسْ\". فانتَهَرَه فجَلَسَ، ثُمَّ قامَ الثّانيَةَ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"اجلِسْ\". ثُمَّ قامَ الثّالِثَةَ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"ما حَدُّكَ؟ \". قال: أتَيتُ امرأةً حَرامًا. فَقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٣٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٣٧، ٤٤٦٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٧٥) من طريق أبي حازم به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٢: عبد السلام ثقةٌ يغرب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٩).","vol":"17","page":205},{"text":"لرِجالٍ مِن أصحابِه فيهِم عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ وعباسٌ وزيدُ بن حارِثَةَ وعُثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ - ﵃ -: \"انطَلِقوا به فاجلِدوه مِائَةَ جَلدَةٍ\". ولَم يَكُنِ اللَّيثِيُّ تَزَوَّجَ فقيلَ: يا رسولَ الله ألا تَجلِدُ التي خَبَثَ بها؟ فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"ائتونِي به مَجلودًا\". فلَمّا أُتِيَ به قال له: \"مَن صاحِبَتُكَ؟ \". قال: فُلانَةُ. لامرأةٍ مِن بَني بكرٍ، فدَعاها فسألَها، عن ذَلِكَ فقالَت: كَذَبَ واللهِ ما أعرِفُه، وإِنِّي مِمَّا قال لَبَريئَةٌ، اللهُ على ما أقولُ مِنَ الشّاهِدينَ. فقالَ النَّبي - ﷺ -: مَن شُهودُكَ أنَّكَ خَبثتَ بها فإنَّها تُنكِرُ؟ فإِن كان لَكَ شُهَداءُ جَلَدتُها، وإلا جَلَدتُكَ حَدَّ الفِريَةِ\". فَقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، واللهِ ما لِي شُهَداءُ. فأمَرَ به فجُلِدَ حَدَّ الفِريَةِ ثَمانينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3632>بابٌ: لا يُقامُ حَدُّ الجَلدِ على الحُبلَى، ولا على مَريضٍ دَنِفٍ (^٢)، ولا في يَومٍ حَرُّه شَديدٌ، أو بَردُه مُفرِطٌ، ولا في أسبابِ التَّلَفِ</span>\n\n١٧٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بن عليِّ بن عبد الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ البَغدادِيُّ ببُخارَى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سَلامٍ السَّوّاقُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٢٦)، وفي المعرفة (٥١١٧). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٠٧٠١) من طريق علي بن المدينيّ به. وأبو داود (٤٤٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٨) مختصرًا، وأبو يعلى (٢٦٤٩) من طريق هشام بن يوسف به. ووقع عند الذهبي في المهذب ٧/ ٣٣٦٣: الهيثم. مكان: القاسم. لذا قال الذهبي: لا أدري من هو الهيثم. اهـ. وهو القاسم بن فياض ابن أخي خلاد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٤١٤. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١١٩: مجهول. وأنكره الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٥).\n(^٢) الدنف: المريض مرضا ملازما. ينظر التاج ٢٣/ ٣٠٩ (د ن ف).","vol":"17","page":206},{"text":"إسرائيلُ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - وهو يَخطُبُ على المِنبَرِ فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: أيُّها النّاسُ، أيُّما عبدٍ أو أمَةٍ زَنَى فأقيموا عَلَيه الحَدَّ، وإِن كان قَد أحصَنَ فاجلِدوه؛ فإِنَّ خادِمًا لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَنَت فأرسَلَنِي إلَيها لأضرِبَها فوَجَدتُها حَديثَةَ عَهدٍ بنِفاسِها وخَشيتُ إن أنا ضرَبتُها أن أقتُلَها، فرَدَدتُ عَنها حَتَّى تَماثَلَ وتَشتَدَّ قال: \"أحسَنتَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إسرائيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبهانِي فيما قَرأنا عَلَيه مِن أصلِه، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن عبد الأعلَى الثَّعلَبِيّ، عن أبي جَميلَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أن جاريَةً لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نُفِسَت مِنَ الزِّنى فأرسَلَنِي النَّبي - ﷺ - أن أُقيمَ عَلَيها الحَدَّ، فوَجَدتُها في الدِّماءِ لَم تَجِفَّ عَنها، فرَجَعتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: \"إذا جَفَّ الدَّمُ عَنها فاجلِدها الحَدَّ\". وقالَ: \"أقيموا الحَدَّ على ما مَلَكَت أيمانكُم\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٣١٩ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. والبزار (٥٩١) من طريق إسرائيل به. وتقدم في (١٥٨٩٩)، وسيأتي في (١٧١٧٢، ١٧١٨٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣١) عن يزيد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٣٩، ٧٢٦٨) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٧١٨٩).","vol":"17","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3633>بابُ الحُبلَى لا تُرجَمُ حَتَّى تَضَعَ ويُكفَلَ ولَدُها</span>\n\n١٧٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحْيَى بن يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جامِعٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه في قصةِ الغامِديَّةِ قالَت: إنَّها حُبلَى مِنَ الزِّنى. قال النَّبي - ﷺ -: \"أثَيِّبٌ أنتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: (إذن لا نَرجُمُكِ حَتَّى تَضَعِي ما في بَطنِكِ\". قال: فكَفَلَها رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ حَتَّى وضَعَت، فأتَى النبي - ﷺ - فقالَ: قَد وضَعَتِ الغامِديَّةُ. فقالَ: \"نَرجُمُها ونَدَعُ ولَدَها صَغيرًا (^١) لَيسَ له مَن يُرضِعُه؟! \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: إلَيَّ رَضاعُه يا رسولَ الله. فرَجَمَها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن يَحْيَى بنِ يَعلَى (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا بَشيرُ بن مُهاجِرٍ، عن عبد الله بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فجاءَته امرأةٌ مِن غامِدٍ فقالَت: إنِّي قَد زَنَيتُ، وإِنِّي أُريدُ أن تُطَهِّرَنِي. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قالَت: فواللهِ إنِّي لَحُبلَى. فقالَ لها النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعِي حَتَّى تَلِدِي\". فلَمَّا ولَدَت جاءَت بالصَّبِيِّ في خِرقَةٍ فقالَت:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"صغير السن\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٥٩، ١٧٠١١، ١٧٠٧٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٥).","vol":"17","page":208},{"text":"يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي قَد ولَدتُ. فقالَ: \"اذَهَبِي حَتَّى تَفطِميه\". فلَمّا فطَمَته جاءَته بالصَّبِيِّ في يَدِه كِسرَةٌ فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، هذا قَد فطَمتُه. فأمَرَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - بالصَّبِيِّ فدُفِعَ إلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ثُمّ أمَرَ بها فحُفِرَت لها حُفَيرَة فجُعِلَت فيها إلَى صَدرِها، ثُمَّ أمَرَ النّاسَ أن يَرجُموها. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ بَشيرِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3634>بابُ الضَّريرِ في خِلقَتِه لا مِن مَرَضٍ يُصيبُ الحَدَّ</span>\n\n١٧٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وأبِي الزِّناد، كِلاهُما عن أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، أن رَجُلًا - قال أحَدُهُما: أحبَنُ (^٣). وقالَ الآخَرُ: مُقعَدُ - كان عِندَ جِوارِ سَعدٍ فأصابَ امرأةً حَبَلٌ فرَمَته به، فسُئلَ فاعتَرَفَ، فأمَرَ النَّبي - ﷺ - به - قال أحَدُهُما: فجُلِدَ بإثكالِ النَّخلِ (^٤). وَقالَ الآخَرُ: بأُثكولِ النَّخلِ (^٥). هذا هو المَحفوظُ عن سُفيانَ مُرسَلًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٤٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧١٩٧) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦٩١١، ١٧٠٣٤، ١٧٠٤٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٩٥/ ٢٣).\n(^٣) الحَبَن: داء في البطن يعظم منه ويرِم. التاج ٣٤/ ٣٩٢ (ح ب ن)، وينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٥٤.\n(^٤) الإثكال: العذق الذي عليه البسر، يقال له: عثكول وعثكال وإثكال وأثكول وشمراخ. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٧٠.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٨١)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٦. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٠٢ - ٧٣٠٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":209},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عنه مَوصولًا بذِكرِ أبي سعيدٍ فيهِ (^١)، وقيلَ: عن أبي الزِّنادِ عن أبي أُمامَةَ عن أبيهِ (^٢). وقيلَ: عن أبي أُمامَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ.\n\n١٧٠٩١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ قال: كان بَينَ أبياتِنا رَجُلٌ مُخدَجٌ (^٣) ضَعيفٌ، فلَم نُرَعْ إلا وهو على أمَةٍ مِن إماءِ الدَّارِ يَخبُثُ بها، فرَفَعَ شأنَه سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اجلِدوه مِائَةَ سَوطٍ\". فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ الله هو أضعَفُ مِن ذاكَ، لَو ضَرَبناه مِائَةَ سَوطِ ماتَ. قال: \"فخُذوا له عِثكالًا فيه مِائَةُ شِمراخٍ فاضرِبوه واحِدَةً\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضِي الحُسَينُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بن المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، عن فُلَيحٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن وليدَةً في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٠٠ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٠٠ من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٣) مخدج: أي ناقص الخلْق. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٩١.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩٣، ٢٩٤. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٧٤) عن ابن أبي شيبة به. وأحمد (٢١٩٢٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٠٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٠٨٧).","vol":"17","page":210},{"text":"عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حَمَلَت مِنَ الزِّنى فسُئلَت: مَن أحبَلَكِ؟ قالَت: أحبَلَنِي المُقعَدُ. فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فاعتَرَفَ، فقالَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه لَضعيفٌ عن الجَلدِ\". فأمَرَ بمائَةِ عُثكولٍ فضَرَبَه بها واحِدَةً (^١). قال عليٌّ: كَذا قال، والصَّوابُ عن أبي حازِمٍ عن أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3635>بابُ الشُّهودِ في الزِّنى</span>\nقال الله ﷿: ﴿فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٥]. وقالَ: ﴿لَوْلَا جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ﴾ [النور: ١٣].\n\n١٧٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلْمانَ (^٢) الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن عيسَى، عن مالكٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ قال: يا رسولَ الله، إن وجَدتُ مَعَ امرأتِي رَجُلًا أُمهِلُه حَتَّى آتِيَ بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسحاقَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٩٩. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٩٩) من طريق أبي حازم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"سليمان\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٩٥)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠٨٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٧، ٧/ ٤٤، ٨٢، ٨٣، ومالك ٢/ ٧٣٧، ٨٢٣، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٥٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٣٣)، وابن حبان (٤٢٨٢، ٤٤٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٠٧) عن إسحاق بن عيسى به. وسيأتي في (١٧٧٠٦)، وفي (٢٠٥٥١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٩٨/ ١٥).","vol":"17","page":211},{"text":"١٧٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن رَجُلًا بالشامِ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَه، أو قَتَلَها، فكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ إلَى أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ بأن يَسألَ له عن ذَلِكَ عَليًّا، فسألَه فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إنَّ هذا لَشَئٌ ما هو بأرضِ العِراق، عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لتخبِرَنِّي. فأخبَرَه فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أنا أبو حَسَنٍ، إن لَم يأتِ بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ فليُعطَ برُمَّتِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3636>بابُ ما جاءَ في وقفِ الشُّهودِ حَتَّى يُثبِتوا الزِّنى</span>\n\n١٧٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن موسَى البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ قال: مُجالِدٌ أخبرَنا عن عامِرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله قال: جاءَتِ اليَهودُ برَجُلٍ وامرأةٍ مِنهُم زَنَيا قال: \"ائتوني بأعلَم رَجُلَينِ منكُم\". فأتَوه بابنَي صُورِيَا فنَشَدَهُما: \"كَيفَ تَجِدانِ أمرَ هَذَينِ في التَّوراةِ؟ \". قالا: نَجِدُ في التَّوراةِ إذا شَهِدَ أربَعَةٌ أنَّهُم رأوا ذَكَرَه في فرجِها مِثلَ المِيلِ في المُكحُلَةِ رُجِما. قال: \"فما يَمنَعُكُم أن تَرجُموهُما؟ \". قالا: ذَهَبَ سُلطانُنا فكَرِهنا القَتلَ. فدَعا رسولُ الله - ﷺ - بالشُّهودِ\n_________\n(^١) فليعط برمته: أي فليسلم إلى أولياء المقتول يقتلونه قصاصا، والرُّمة: قطعة حبل يشد بها الأسير أو القاتل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦.\nوالأثر عند المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٩٦)، وفي المعرفة (٥٠٨٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ٣٠، ١٣٧، ٧/ ٨٣، ومالك ٢/ ٧٣٧. وسيأتي في (١٧٧٠٩، ٢٠٥٥٣).","vol":"17","page":212},{"text":"فجاءوا أربَعَةٌ فشَهِدوا أنَّهُم رأوا ذَكَرَه في فرجِها مِثلَ الميلِ في المُكحُلَةِ. فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - برَجمِهِما (^١).\n\n١٧٠٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بن بَقيَّةَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه. لَم يَذكُرْ: فدَعا بالشُّهودِ فشَهِدوا (^٢).\n\n١٧٠٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وهبُ بن بَقيَّةَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن الشَّعبِي بنَحوٍ مِنه (^٣).\n\n١٧٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَتيقٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن ناسًا شَهِدوا على رَجُلٍ في الزِّنى فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: هَكَذا تَشهَدونَ أنَّهُ؟ وجَعَلَ يُدخِلُ إصبَعَه السَّبّابَةَ في إصبَعِه اليُسرَى وقَد عَقَدَها عَشرًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٥٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٢٨) من طريق أبي أسامة به مختصرًا. والحميدي (١٢٩٤)، وأبو يعلى (٢١٣٦) من طريق مجالد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٥٣). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٣٠١) عن هشيم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٤٥٤) وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٦: هذا مرسل، والأول فيه مجالد، لين.\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٩٨).","vol":"17","page":213},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3637>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَحريمِ اللِّواطِ وإِتيانِ البَهيمَةِ مَعَ الإجماعِ على تَحريمِهِما</span>\nقال اللهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلُوطًا إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ أَتَأْتُونَ (^١) الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ (٨٠) إِنَّكُمْ (^٢) لَتَأْتُونَ الرِّجَالَ شَهْوَةً مِنْ دُونِ النِّسَاءِ بَلْ أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُسْرِفُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٨٠، ٨١].\nوقالَ في نُزولِ العَذابِ بهِم: ﴿فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا جَعَلْنَا (^٣) عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهَا حِجَارَةً مِنْ سِجِّيلٍ مَنْضُودٍ (٨٢) مُسَوَّمَةً عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ﴾ [هود: ٨٢، ٨٣].\n\n١٧٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَعَنَ الله مَن تولَّى غَيرَ مَوالِيه، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن غيَّرَ تُخومَ الأرضِ (^٤)، ولَعَنَ الله مَن كَمَّهَ أعمَى (^٥) عن السَّبيل، ولَعَنَ الله مَن لَعَنَ والِدَيه،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"إنكم لتأتون\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"إنكم لتأتون\".\n(^٣) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"عليهم\". وضبب عليها في الأصل، وفي حاشيتها كالمثبت.\n(^٤) تخوم الأرض: المعالم والحدود يغيرها ليدخل في أرضه ما ليس له. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٠٤، وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ١١١.\n(^٥) كمه أعمى: عَمَّى عليه الطريق ولم يدله عليه. والكمه: العمى. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٤٨٣. وينظر التيسير بشرح الجامع الصغير ٢/ ٦٣٣.","vol":"17","page":214},{"text":"ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن ذَبَحَ لِغَيرِ الله، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن وقَعَ على بَهيمَةٍ، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن عَمِلَ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن عَمِلَ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ، ولَعَنَ الله مَن عَمِلَ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٧١٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَن، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ وابنُ الدَّراوَردِيِّ قالا: حدثنا عمرُو بن أبي عمرٍو، فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نحوَه إلا أنَّه قال: \"مَن والَى غَيرَ مَوالِه\". وقالَ: \"مَن خبَّبَ أعمَى عن الطريقِ\". ولَم يَذكُرْ: \"مَن لَعَنَ والِدَيه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3638>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَدِّ اللُّوطِيِّ</span>\n\n١٧١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عمرو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِر، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن عمرو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن وجَدتُموه يَعمَلُ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ فاقتُلوا الفاعِلَ والمفعولَ به\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٣٧) مختصرًا، والمصنف في الشعب (٥٣٧٣) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وأحمد (١٨٧٥، ٢٨١٦، ٢٩١٤، ٢٩١٥) من طريق عمرو بن أبي عمرو به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ١٠٢: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٥٤٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به. وأحمد (٢٩١٣)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٩٢) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد وحده به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٨٩)، والمعرفة (٥٠٨٦)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٥٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٢)، وأبو داود (٤٤٦٢)، والترمذي (١٤٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\nوقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٥): حسن صحيح.","vol":"17","page":215},{"text":"١٧١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ (^١) بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ أبو حَفصٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن المِنهال، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن بكرٍ السُّهمِيُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الَّذِي يَعمَلُ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ، وفِي الَّذِي يُؤتَى في نَفسِه، وفِي الَّذِي يَقَعُ على ذاتِ مَحرَمٍ، وفِي الَّذِي يأتِي البَهيمَةَ قال: \"يُقتَلُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَين، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن وقَعَ على الرَّجُلِ فاقتُلوه\". يَعنِي قَومَ لوطٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِي الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سعيدِ بنِ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ تَميمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَجّاجًا يقولُ: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ، عن داودَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمرو\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٤٢٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٤٧١)، والكامل ٤/ ١٦٤٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (ص ٥٥٠ - مسند ابن عباس)، والآجرى في ذم اللواط (٢٥) من طريق عباد به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٧: عباد ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٨٧٤ - مسند ابن عباس)، والطبراني (١١٥٦٨) من طريق إسحاق بن محمد به.","vol":"17","page":216},{"text":"\"اقتُلوا الفاعِلَ والمَفعولَ به - يَعني الْذِي يَعمَلُ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ - والَّذِي يأتِي البَهيمَةَ والبَهيمَةَ\" (^١). أورَدَه أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ فيما رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي يَحيَى الأسلَمِيِّ.\n\n١٧١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ راهُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ خُثَيمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ ومُجاهِدًا يُحَدِّثانِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في البِكرِ يوجَدُ على اللّوطيَّةِ قال: يُرجَمُ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: حدثنا غَسّانُ بن مُضَرَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن يَزيدَ قال: قال أبو نَضرَةَ: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ ما حَدُّ اللّوطيِّ؟ قال: يُنظَرُ أعلَى بناءٍ في القَريَةِ فيُرمَى به مُنَكَّسًا ثُمَّ يُتبَعُ الحِجارَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن صَفوانَ،\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ١/ ٢٢٣. وأخرجه الطبراني (١١٥٦٩) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٤٩٢) عن إبراهيم بن محمد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٨٥)، وأبو داود (٤٤٦٣)، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٤٩١) من طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٩/ ٤٤٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٠٤)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٢٥ من طريق ابن جريج به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٦): صحيح الإسناد موقوف.\n(^٣) تاريخ ابن معين ٤/ ٣٢٩ (٤٦٣٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٠٣)، وابن أبي الدنيا في ذم الملاهى (١٣٠)، والآجرى في ذم اللواط (٣٠)، والمصنف في الشعب (٥٣٨٨) من طريق غسان بن مضر به.","vol":"17","page":217},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ أبي الدُّنيا، حدثنا محمدُ بن الصَّبّاح، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ الوَليد، عن بَعضِ قَومِه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - رَجَمَ لوطيًّا (^١).\n\n١٧١٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الكَرابيسِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن القاسِمِ بنِ الوَليدِ الهَمْدانِيِّ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن قَومِه، أنَّه شَهِدَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - رَجَمَ لوطيًّا (^٢).\n\n١٧١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن يَزيدَ أُراه ابنَ مَذكورٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - رَجَمَ لوطيًّا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ؛ يُرجَمُ اللّوطيُّ مُحصَنًا كان أو غَيرَ مُحصنٍ، وهَذا قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ. قال: وسَعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: السُّنَّةُ أن يُرجَمَ اللّوطِيُّ، أحصَنَ أو لَم يُحصَنْ. وعِكرِمَةُ يَرويه عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. يَعنِي ما ذَكَرنا.\n\n١٧١١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكر محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم الملاهى (١٢٩). وأخرجه الآجرى في ذم اللواط (٣٢) من طريق شريك به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٨: مع انقطاعه راويه مجهول.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٠٥)، ومن طريقه الآجرى في ذم اللواط (٣٣) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به. وسميا الرجل يزيد بن قيس.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٨٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٨٣.","vol":"17","page":218},{"text":"يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا داودُ بن بكرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ و(^١) صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، أن خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ كَتَبَ إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - في خِلافَتِه يَذكُرُ له أنَّه وجَدَ رَجُلًا في بَعضِ نَواحِي العَرَبِ يُنكَحُ كما تُنكَحُ المَرأةُ، وأنَّ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - جَمَعَ النّاسَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسألَهُم عن ذَلِكَ، فكانَ مِن أشَدِّهِم يَومَئذٍ قَولًا عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ هذا ذَنبٌ لَم تَعصِ به أُمَّةٌ مِنَ الأُمَمِ إلا أُمَّةً واحِدَةً صَنَعَ اللَّهُ بها ما قَد عَلِمتُم، نَرَى أن تُحرِقَه بالنّارِ. فاجتَمَعَ رأيُ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أن يُحرِقَه بالنّارِ. فكَتَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - إلَى خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ يأمُرُه أن يُحرِقَه بالنّارِ (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في غَيرِ هذه القِصَّةِ قال: يُرجَمُ ويُحرَقُ بالنارِ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى عن رَجُلٍ مِن هَمدانَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - رَجَمَ رَجُلًا مُحصَنًا في عَمَلِ قَومِ لوطٍ. هَكَذا ذَكَرَه الثَّورِيُّ عنه مُقَيَّدًا بالإحصان، وهُشَيمٌ رَواه عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى مُطلَقًا.\n\n١٧١١١ - أخبرَنا بحَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) م: \"وعن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم الملاهى (١٤٥)، والخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٤٥١)، والآجرى في ذم اللواط (٢٩) من طريق عبد العزيز به، ولم يذكر ابن أبي الدنيا والآجرى صفوان بن سليم.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٠٨٦).","vol":"17","page":219},{"text":"العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٧١١٢ - وعن سُفيانَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال في اللّوطِيِّ: حَدُّه حَدُّ الزّنِي (^٢).\n\n١٧١١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ الدُّورِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَزيدَ بنَ هارونَ، أخبرَنا اليَمانُ بن المُغيرَةِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: شَهِدتُ ابنَ الرُّبَيرِ أُتِيَ بسَبعَةٍ أُخِذوا في لِواطَةٍ؛ أربَعَةٌ مِنهُم قَد أحصَنوا النِّساءَ، وثَلاثَةٌ لَم يُحصِنوا، فأمَرَ بالأربَعَةِ فأُخرِجوا مِنَ المَسجِدِ فرُضِخوا بالحِجارَة، وأمَرَ الثلاثَةَ (^٣) فضُرِبوا الحُدودَ، وابنُ عُمَرَ وابنُ عباسٍ في المَسجِدِ (^٤).\n\n١٧١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ المِهرَجانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الوَهّابِ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ في الرَّجُلِ يأتِي البَهيمَةَ ويَعمَلُ عَمَلَ قَومِ لوطٍ قال: هو بمَنزِلَةِ الزَّانِي (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٨٨) عن الثورى به، ولم يذكر الإحصان.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في المشكل ٩/ ٤٤٨، والخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٤٥٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وضبب فوقها في الأصل.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٤٥٢)، والآجرى في ذم اللواط (٣٤) من طريق العباس بن محمد الدورى به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٩: يمان لين.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٨٧٥ - ٨٧٧ - مسند ابن عباس) من طرق عن هشام به.","vol":"17","page":220},{"text":"١٧١١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن أبي مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: حَدُّ اللّوطيِّ حَدُّ الزّانِي، إن كان مُحصَنًا رُجِمَ وإِلا جُلِدَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِلَى هذا رَجَعَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ فيما زَعَمَ الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ.\n\n١٧١١٦ - ورَوَى محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذَا أتَى الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فهُما زانيانِ، وإذا أتَتِ المَرأةُ المَرأةَ فهُما زانيَتان\" أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ هذا لا أعرِفُه (^٣)، وهو مُنكَرٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨١٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٤٥٨). وأخرجه الآجرى في ذم اللواط (١٧) من طريق أبي بدر به بالشطر الأول. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص ٤/ ٥٥: وفيه محمد بن عبد الرحمن القشيرى، كذبه أبو حاتم.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٦٩: يقال: إنه قرشى. ويقال: قشيرى. ا هـ. وهو محمد بن عبد الرحمن المقدسى القشيرى، كان يسكن بيت المقدس. قال أبو حاتم: متروك الحديث، كان يكذب ويفتعل الحديث. ينظر الجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢٥، ولسان الميزان ٥/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"17","page":221},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3639>بابُ مَن أتَى بَهيمَةً</span>\n\n١٧١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عَبّادُ بن مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال في الَّذِي يأتِي البَهيمَةَ: \"اقتُلوا الفاعِلَ والمَفعولَ بهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٧١١٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن وجَدتُموه وقَعَ على بَهيمَةٍ فاقتُلوه واقتُلوا البَهيمَةَ مَعَه\". فقيلَ لابنِ عباسٍ: ما شأنُ البَهيمَةِ؟ فقالَ: ما سَمِعتُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا، ولَكِن أرَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَرِهَ أن يُؤكَلَ مِن لَحمِها أو يُنتَفَعَ بها بعدَ ذَلِكَ العَمَلِ (^٢).\n\n١٧١١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَبّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ يَعنِي\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٥٥، ووقع فيه: الحسين بن يعقوب. بدلًا من: محمد بن يعقوب. وتقدم في (١٧١٠٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٩٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٦٤)، والترمذي (١٤٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٣٩، ٧٣٤٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٧): حسن صحيح.","vol":"17","page":222},{"text":"ابنَ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عمرٌو بإِسنادِه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَلعونٌ مَن وقَعَ على بَهيمَةٍ\". وقالَ: \"اقتُلوه واقتُلوها؛ لا يُقالُ: هذه التي فُعِلَ بها كَذا وكَذا\".\n\n١٧١٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ الأشهَلِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن الحُصَين، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن وقَعَ على ذاتِ مَحرَمٍ فاقتُلوه، ومَن وقَعَ على بَهيمَةٍ فاقتُلوه واقتُلوا البَهيمَةَ\" (^١).\nورُوّيناه في البابِ قَبلَه عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي يَحيَى عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ.\n\n١٧١٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ وأبو الأحوَص، عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عن أبي رَزينٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الَّذِي يأتِي البَهيمَةَ قال: لا حَدَّ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: حَديثُ عاصِمٍ يُضَعِّفُ حَديثَ عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٦٤) من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل بن أبي فديك به. وأحمد (٢٧٢٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن إسماعيل به. وتقدم في (١٧١٠٤)، وسيأتي في (١٧١٣٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٠٧٨): ضعيف دون الشطر الثاني فهو صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٦٥) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. والترمذي عقب (١٤٥٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤١) من طريق عاصم به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٤٤٦٥).","vol":"17","page":223},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوِّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ، ولا أُرَى عمرَو بنَ أبي عمرٍو يقَصِّرُ عن عاصِمِ بنِ بَهدَلَةَ في الحِفظ، كَيفَ وقَد تابَعَه على رِوايَتِه جَماعَةٌ؟ وعِكرِمَةُ عِندَ أكثَرِ الأئمَّةِ مِنَ الثقاتِ الأثبات، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن سعيدٍ، عن بُدَيلٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: مَن أتَى البَهيمَةَ أُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ (^١).\n\n١٧١٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن أبي عليٍّ الرَّحْبِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سُئلَ الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ - ﵁ - عن رَجُلٍ أتَى بَهيمَةً، قال: إن كان مُحصَنًا رُجِمَ (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أنَّه قال: هو بمَنزِلَةِ الزَّانِي. (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3640>بابُ شُهودِ الزِّنى إذا لَم يَكمُلوا أربَعَةً</span>\n\n١٧١٢٤ - أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكر، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عَوفٍ، عن قَسامَةَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ قال: لما كان مِن شأنِ أبي بكرَةَ والمُغيرَةِ الّذِي كان. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فدَعا الشُّهودَ فشَهِدَ أبو بكرَةَ وشِبلُ بن مَعبَدٍ وأبو عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٧٩).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٠٩). وذكره أبو داود عقب (٤٤٦٥).","vol":"17","page":224},{"text":"نافِعٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حينَ شَهِدَ هَؤُلاءِ الثلاثَةُ (^١)، شَقَّ على عُمَرَ شأنُه، فلَمّا قامَ زيادٌ قال: لن يَشهَدَ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ إلا بحَقٍّ. قال زيادٌ: أمّا الزِّنى فلا أشهَدُ به، ولَكِن قَد رأيتُ أمرًا قَبيحًا. قال عُمَرُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ، حُدّوهُم. فجَلَدَهُم (^٢). قالَ: فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ بعدَ ما ضَرَبَه: أشهَدُ أنَّه زانٍ. فهَمَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يُعيدَ عَلَيه الجَلدَ (^٣)، فنَهاه عليٌّ - ﵁ - وقالَ: إن جَلَدتَه فارجُمْ صاحِبَكَ. فتَرَكَه ولَم يَجلِدْه (^٤).\n\n١٧١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أبا بكرَةَ ونافِعَ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ كَلَدَةَ وشِبلَ بنَ مَعبَدٍ شَهِدوا على المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ أنَّهُم رأَوْه يُولِجُه ويُخرِجُه، وكانَ زيادٌ رابِعَهُم وهو الَّذِي أفسَدَ عَلَيهِم، فأمّا الثَّلاثَةُ فشَهِدوا بذَلِكَ، فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ: واللَّهِ لَكأنِّي بأثَرِ جُدَرِيٍّ في فخِذِها. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - حينَ رأى زيادًا: إنِّي لأرَى غُلامًا كَيِّسًا لا يقولُ إلا حَقًّا، ولَم يَكُنْ ليَكتُمَنِي شَيئًا. فقالَ زيادٌ: لَم أرَ ما قال هَؤُلاء، ولَكِنِّي قَد رأيتُ رِيبَةً وسَمِعتُ نَفَسًا عاليًا. قال: فجَلَدَهُم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وخَلَّى عن زيادٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في مصدر التخريج: \"أودى المغيرة أربعة و\".\n(^٢) في م: \"فجلدوهم\".\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"الحد\".\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٩٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦٠/ ٣٢، ٣٣ من طريق المصنف.","vol":"17","page":225},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّيناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا. وفِي رِوايَةِ علي بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، أن أبا بكرَةَ وزيادًا ونافِعًا وشِبلَ بنَ مَعبَدٍ كانوا في غُرفَةٍ والمُغيرَةُ في أسفَلِ الدَّار، فهَبَّت ريحٌ ففَتَحَتِ البابَ ورَفَعَتِ السِّترَ، فإِذا المُغيرَةُ بَينَ رِجلَيها، فقالَ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: قَدِ ابتُلينا. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ قال: فشَهِدَ أبو بكرَةَ ونافِعٌ وشِبلٌ، وقالَ زيادٌ: لا أدرِي نَكَحَها أم لا؟ فجَلَدَهُم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلا زيادًا، فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ - ﵁ -: ألَيسَ قَد جَلَدتُمونِي؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: فأنا أشهَدُ باللهِ لَقَد فعَلَ. فأرادَ عُمَرُ أن يَجلِدَه أيضًا فقالَ عليٌّ: إن كانَت شَهادَةُ أبي بكرَةَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلَينِ فارجُمْ صاحِبَكَ، وإِلا فقَد جَلَدتُموه. يَعنِي لا يُجلَدُ ثانيًا بإِعادَتِه القَذفَ.\n\n١٧١٢٦ - وأنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا ابنُ بنتِ أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مُطيعٍ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عُيَينَةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن أبي بكرَةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ المُغيرَةِ قال: فقَدِمنا على عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فشَهِدَ أبو بكرَةَ ونافِع وشِبلُ بن مَعبَدٍ، فلَمّا دَعا زيادًا قال: رأيتُ أمرًا مُنكَرًا. قال: فكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ودَعا بأبِي بكرَةَ وصاحِبَيه فضَربَهُم. قال: فقالَ أبو بكرَةَ يَعنِي بعدَما حَدَّه: واللَّهِ إنِّي لَصادِقٌ، وهو فعَلَ ما شُهِدَ به. فهَمَّ عُمَرُ بضَربِه، فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: لَئن ضَرَبتَ هذا فارجُمْ ذاكَ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شبة (٢٨٨٣١) عن ابن علية عن عيينة به.","vol":"17","page":226},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3641>بابُ شُهودِ الزِّنى إذا لَم يَجتَمِعوا على فِعلٍ واحِدٍ فلا حَدَّ على المشهودِ</span>\n\n١٧١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا محمدُ بن هارونَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن أبي عَوانَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن أبي إدريسَ في قِصَّةِ سَوسَنَ قال: كان دانيالُ ﵇ أوَّلَ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الشُّهود، فقالَ لأحَدِهِما: ما الَّذِي رأيتَ؟ وما الَّذِي شَهِدتَهُ؟ قال: أشهَدُ أنِّي رأيتُ سَوسَنَ تَزنِي في البُستانِ برَجُلٍ شابٍّ. قال: في أيِّ مَكانٍ؟ قال: تَحتَ شَجَرَةِ الكُمَّثرَى. ثُمَّ دَعا بالآخَرِ فقالَ: بم تَشهَدُ؟ قال: أشهَدُ أنِّي أبصرتُ سَوسَنَ تَزنِي في البُستانِ تَحتَ شَجَرَةِ التُّفّاحِ. قال: فدَعا اللهَ عَلَيهِما، فجاءَت مِنَ السَّماءِ نارٌ فأحرَقَتهُما، وأَبرَأ اللهُ سَوسَنَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3642>بابُ مَن زَنَى بامرأةٍ مُستَكرَهَةٍ</span>\nقَد مَضَتِ الرِّوايَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الله تَجاوَزَ لِي عن أُمَّتِي الخَطأَ والنِّسيانَ وما استُكرِهوا عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n١٧١٢٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعَمَّرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن حَجَّاجٍ، عن عبد الجَبّارِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: استُكرِهَتِ امرأةٌ على عَهدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجوزي في ذم الهوى ص ٢٧٠، ٢٧١ من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٥٦٥).","vol":"17","page":227},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فدَرأ عَنها الحَدَّ. زادَ غَيرُه فيه: وأقامَه على الَّذِي أصابَها. ولَم يُذكَرْ أنَّه جَعَلَ له مَهرًا (^١). وفِي هذا الإسنادِ ضَعفٌ مِن وجهَينِ: أحَدُهُما: أن الحَجّاجَ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عبد الجَبّار، والآخَرُ: أن عبدَ الجَبّارِ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن أبيه. قالَه البخاريُّ وغَيرُه (^٢).\n\n١٧١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه الكَرابيسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - بامرأةٍ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ قالوا: بَغَت. قالَت: إنِّي كُنتُ نائمَةً فلَم أستَيقِظْ إلا برَجُلٍ رَمَى فيَّ مِثلَ الشِّهابِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: يَمانيَةٌ نَئومَةٌ شابَّةٌ. فخَلَّى عَنها ومَتَّعَها (^٣).\n\n١٧١٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ بن الحَجّاج، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن النَّزَّالِ بنِ سَبرَةَ قال: إنّا لَبِمَكَّةَ إذا نَحنُ بامرأةٍ اجتَمَعَ عَلَيها النّاسُ، حَتَّى كادَ أن يَقتُلوها وهُم يَقولونَ: زَنَت! زَنَت، فأُتِيَ بها عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - وهِيَ حُبلَى، وجاءَ مَعَها قَومُها فأثنَوا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٨٩)، وعنه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٩ (٦٤). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠١٨).\n(^٢) العلل الكبير للترمذى ص ٢٣٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٦٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٧٠) من طريق عاصم به.","vol":"17","page":228},{"text":"عَلَيها خَيرًا (^١)، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أخبِرينِي عن أمرِكِ. قالَت: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، كُنتُ امرأةً أُصيبُ مِن هذا اللَّيل، فصلَّيتُ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ ثُمَّ نِمتُ، فقُمتُ ورَجُلٌ بَينَ رِجلَيَّ فقَذَفَ فيَّ مِثلَ الشِّهابِ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَو قَتَلَ هذه مَن بَينَ الجَبَلَينِ - أو قال: الأخشَبَينِ. شَك أبو خالِدٍ - لَعَذَبَهُمُ اللَّهُ. فخَلَّى سَبيلَها، وكَتَبَ إلَى الآفاقِ: ألَّا تَقتُلوا أحَدًا إلا بإِذنِي (^٢).\n\n١٧١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ (^٣) المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدًا كان يَقومُ على رَقيقِ الخُمُس، وأنَّه استَكرَهَ جاريَةً مِن ذَلِكَ الرَّقيقِ فوَقَعَ بها، فجَلَدَه عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - ونَفاه، ولَم يَجلِدِ الوَليدَةَ؛ لأنَّه استَكرَهَها (^٤).\nورَواه اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ عن نافِعٍ عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبي عُبَيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٧١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي بنَيسابورَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بخير\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٧١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) في م: \"أحمد\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٧، ومن طريقه المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٢٣). وسيأتي في (١٧١٨٠).\n(^٥) علقه البخاري (٦٩٤٩) عن الليث. وأخرجه أبو الجهم في جزئه (٥٧)، وابن حجر في فتح الباري ١٢/ ٣٢٢ من طريق الليث به.","vol":"17","page":229},{"text":"عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ العَبسِيُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَش، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بامرأةٍ جَهَدَها العَطَشُ، فمَرَّت على راعٍ فاستَسقَت، فأبَى أن يَسقيَها إلا أن تُمَكِّنَه مِن نَفسِها، ففَعَلَت، فشاوَرَ (^١) النّاسَ في رَجمِها فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: هذه مُضطَرَّةٌ، أرَى أن تُخَلِّيَ سَبيلَها. ففَعَلَ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ مَروانَ قَضَى في امرأةٍ اصيبَت مُستَكرَهَةً بصَداقِها على مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ بها (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ قال: عَلَيه الحَدُّ والصَّداقُ (^٤). وعن الحَسَنِ قال: عَلَيه الحَدُّ والعُقْرُ (^٥). وعن الزُّهرِيِّ: عَلَيه الصَّداقُ والحَدُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"فتبادر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٥٤) من طريق آخر عن عمر.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٧٣٤، ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٦٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٥٥) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) العُقْر: شيء كالمهر تعطاه المرأة إذا غشيها على شبهة. غريب الحديث للحربي ٣/ ٩٩٧.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٥٦، ١٣٦٥٨، ١٣٦٥٩).","vol":"17","page":230},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3643>بابُ مَن وقَعَ على ذاتِ مَحرَمٍ له، أو على ذاتِ زَوجٍ، أو مَن كانَت في عِدَّةِ زَوجٍ بنِكاحٍ أو غَيِر نِكاحٍ، مَعَ العِلمِ بالتَّحريمِ</span>\n\n١٧١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّرسِيُّ (^١) أحمدُ بن عُبَيدِ الله، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بن سَوّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن الماجِشون، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ فيمَن زَنَى ولَم يُحصَنْ: \"جَلدُ مِائَةٍ وتَغريبُ عامٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبد العَزيزِ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عيسَى البِرتِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - يقولُ: الرَّجمُ في كِتاب اللهِ حَقٌّ على مَن زَنَى، إذا أحصَنَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ: إذا قامَتِ البَيِّنَةُ، أو كان الحَبَلُ، أو الاعتِرافُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"أخبرنا\". وأبو بكر النرسى هو أحمد بن عبيد الله كما في تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٢٥٠، وفي سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٢٤٠: أحمد بن عبيد. وتقدم في (١٤٤٢، ١٦٢٧، ١٩٩٣، ٥١٤٨، ٦٠١٠) وغيرها.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٥٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٣١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٠٢). وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٤: قد مر أن عمر درأ الحد عن الحبلى التي ادعت الإكراه.","vol":"17","page":231},{"text":"١٧١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا مُطَرِّفٌ، عن أبي الجَهمِ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: بَينَما أنا أطوفُ على إبِلٍ لِي ضَلَّت، إذ أقبَلَ رَكبٌ أو فوارِسُ مَعَهُم لِواءٌ، فجَعَلَ الأعرابُ يُطيفونَ بي؛ لمنزِلَتِي مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، إذ أتَوا قُبَّةً فاستَخرَجوا مِنها رَجُلًا فضَرَبوا عُنُقَه، فسألتُ عنه فذَكَروَّا أنه أعرَسَ بامرأةِ أبيهِ (^١).\n\n١٧١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن عَدِيٍّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ البَراء، عن البَراء، عن خالِه، أنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ امرأةَ أبيه أوِ امرأةَ ابنِه - كَذا قال أبو خالِدٍ - فأرسَلَ إلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقَتَلَه (^٢).\n\n١٧١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَين، عن عِكرِمَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٤٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٠٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٤٩٠) من طريق مطرف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٤٣).\n(^٢) جزء أبي سعيد الأشج (٧٢)، وعنه الترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٢٠٨، وليس في جزء أبي سعيد ذكر البراء. وينظر علل ابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ٧١٨، ٤/ ٨٧ (١٢٠٧، ١٢٧٧).","vol":"17","page":232},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن وقَعَ على ذاتِ مَحرَمٍ فاقتُلوه\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه (^٢) مِن حَديثِ عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3644>بابُ ما جاءَ في دَرءِ الحُدودِ بالشُّبُهاتِ</span>\n\n١٧١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمد بنِ عبد العَزيز، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رَبيعَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ النَّجّارِ بالكوفَة، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن شُقَيرِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن عيسَى بنِ هارونَ العِجلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رِزمَةَ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بن موسَى، كِلاهُما عن يَزيدَ بنِ زيادٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ادرَءوا الحُدودَ عن المُسلِمينَ ما استَطَعتُم، فإن وجَدتُم لِلمُسلِمِ مَخرَجًا فخَلُّوا سَبيلَه؛ فإِنَّ الإمامَ أن يُخطِئَ في العَفوِ خَيرٌ له مِن أن يُخطِئَ في العُقوبَةِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٥٦٥)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٥٦، والمصنف في الصغرى (٣٢٩٨) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وتقدم في (١٧١٢٠).\n(^٢) بعده في س، ص ٨: \"مرفوعًا\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧١٠٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣١٢)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٨٤. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٢٤) من طريق محمد بن ربيعة به. والحاكم ٤/ ٣٨٤ من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وسيأتي في (١٨٣٤١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (٢٣٧).","vol":"17","page":233},{"text":"١٧١٤٠ - ورَواه وكيعٌ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زيادٍ مَوقوفًا على عائشةَ. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن يَزيدَ. فذَكَرَه مَوقوفًا (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به يَزيدُ بن زيادٍ الشامِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ وفيه ضعفٌ (^٢). ورِوايَةُ وكيعٍ أقرَبُ إلَى الصَّواب، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه رِشدينُ بن سَعدٍ عن عُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مَرفوعًا (^٣). ورِشدينٌ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n١٧١٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن القاسِمِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن هِشامٍ، عن مُختارٍ التَّمّار، عن أبي مَطَرٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ادرَءوا الحُدودَ\" (^٥). في هذا الإسنادِ ضَعفٌ.\n\n١٧١٤٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (١٤٢٤) من طريق وكيع به. وقال: ورواية وكيع أصح.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٤: تركه النسائي. وتقدم عقب (١٥٩٦٥).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٣١٢) عن رشدين به.\n(^٤) هو رشدين بن سعد بن مفلح المهرى، أبو الحجاج المصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣٣٧، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥١٣، والمجروحين ١/ ٣٠٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ١٩١، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٥١: ضعيف. رجح أبو حاتم عليه ابن لهيعة، وقال ابن يونس: كان صالحًا في دينه، فأدركته غفلة الصالحين فخلط في الحديث.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٣/ ٨٤. وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٠٩: ومختار التمار ضعيف.","vol":"17","page":234},{"text":"قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ أبي عاصِمٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا المُختارُ بن نافِعٍ، حدثنا أبو حَيّانَ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ادرَءوا الحُدودَ، ولا يَنبَغِي للإمامِ أن يُعَطِّلَ الحُدودَ\".\nقال البخاريُّ: المُختارُ بن نافِعٍ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n١٧١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِث، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن أبيه قال: بَلَغَنِي أو بَلَغَنا أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: إذا حَضرتُمونا فاسألوا في العَفوِ (^٢) جَهدَكُم؛ فإِنِّي أن أُخطئَ في العَفوِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أُخطِئَ في العُقوبَةِ. مُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٧١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: ادرَءوا الحُدودَ ما استَطَعتُم، فإِنَّكُم أن تُخطِئوا في العَفوِ خَيرٌ مِن أن تُخطِئوا في العُقوبَة، وإِذا وجَدتُم لمسلِمٍ مَخرَجًا فادرَءوا عنه الحَدَّ (^٣).\nمُنقَطِعٌ ومَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الضعفاء الصغير ٢/ ٨٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"العهد\".\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٥: عبيدة لين.","vol":"17","page":235},{"text":"١٧١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ السلامِ هو ابنُ حَربٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ أبي فرْوَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، أن مُعاذًا وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ وعُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ - ﵁ - قالوا: إذا اشتبَهَ الحَدُّ فادرَءوه (^١).\nمُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٧١٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: ادرَءوا الجَلدَ (^٢) والقَتلَ عن المُسلِمينَ ما استَطَعتُم (^٣). هذا مَوصولٌ.\n\n١٧١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن يَحيَى بنَ حاطِبٍ حَدَّثَه قال: توُفِّيَ حاطِبٌ فأَعتَقَ مَن صَلَّى مِن رَقيقِه وصامَ، وكانَت له أمَةٌ نُوبيَّةٌ قَد صَلَّت وصامَت وهِيَ أعجَميَّةٌ لَم تَفقَهْ، فلَم تَرُعْه إلا بحَبَلِها، وكانَت ثَيِّبًا، فذَهَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فحَدَّثَه فقالَ: لأنتَ الرَّجُلُ لا تأتِي بخَيرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٦٤). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٨٤ من طريق عبد السلام به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٥: إسحاق تالف.\n(^٢) في س: \"الحد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٦٨) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٦٤٠) من طريق القاسم بن عبد الرحمن عن ابن مسعود. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٥: هو أجود ما في الباب.","vol":"17","page":236},{"text":"فأفزَعَه ذَلِكَ فأرسَلَ إلَيها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أحَبَلتِ؟ فقالَت: نَعَم، مِن مَرغوشٍ (^١) بدِرهَمَينِ. فإِذا هِيَ تَستَهِلُّ بذَلِكَ لا تَكتُمُه، قال: وصادَفَ عَليًّا وعُثمانَ وعَبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أشيروا عليّ. وكانَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - جالِسًا فاضطَجَعَ، فقالَ عليٌّ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ﵄: قَد وقَعَ عَلَيها الحَدُّ. فقالَ: أشِرْ عليَّ يا عثمانُ. فقالَ: قَد أشارَ عَلَيكَ أخَواكَ. قال: أشِرْ عليّ أنتَ. قال: أُراها تَستَهِلُّ به كأنَّها لا تَعلَمُه، ولَيسَ الحَدُّ إلا على مَن عَلِمَه. فقالَ: صَدَقتَ، والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه ما الحَدُّ إلا على مَن عَلِمَه. فجَلَدَها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مِائَةً وغَرَّبَها عامًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كان حَدُّها الرَّجمَ؛ فكأنَّه - ﵁ - دَرأ عَنها حَدَّها لِلشُّبهَةِ بالجَهالَة، وجَلَدَها وغَرَّبَها تَعزيرًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حدثنا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ ويَزيدُ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبد الله، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه كُتِبَ إلَيه في رَجُلٍ قيلَ له: مَتَى عَهدُكَ بالنِّساءِ؟ فقالَ: البارِحَةَ. قيلَ: بمَن؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا فيهما\". وقال العيني في عمدة القارى ٢٤/ ٣٩٨: برغوس. بالراء والغين المعجمة وبالسين المهملة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٩٣)، والشافعي ١/ ١٥٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٤٤) عن ابن جريج به. وفيه: توفى عبد الرحمن بن حاطب، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٦٤٥) عن معمر عن هشام به. وعلقه البخاري عقب (٧١٩٥) قال: وقال عمر ....\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٦: هذا إن صح الحديث، فإن مسلم بن خالد ذو مناكير.","vol":"17","page":237},{"text":"أُمِّ مَثوايَ (^١) فقيلَ له: قَد هَلَكتَ. قال: ما عَلِمتُ أن اللهَ حَرَّمَ الزِّنى. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يُستَحلَفَ ما عَلِمَ أن اللهَ حَرَّمَ الزِّنى ثُمَّ يُخَلَّى سَبيلُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3645>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن أتَى جاريَةَ امرأتِهِ</span>\n\n١٧١٤٩ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، أن امرأةً أتَتِ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ - ﵁ - فقالَت: إنَّ زَوجِي وقَعَ على جاريَتِي بغَيرِ إذنِي. قال النُّعمانُ: عِندِي في هذا قَضاءٌ شافٍ أخَذتُه عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، إن لَم تكونِي أذِنتِ له رَجَمتُه، وإِن كُنتِ أذِنتِ له جَلَدتُه مِالةً. فقالَ لها الناسُ: ويحَكِ! أبو ولَدِكِ يُرجَمُ. فجاءَت فقالَت: قَد كنتُ أذِنتُ له ولَكِن حَمَلَتنِي الغَيرَةُ على ما قُلتُ. فجَلَدَه مِائَة (^٣). لَم يَسمَعْه أبو بشرٍ عن حَبيبٍ. إنَّما رَواه عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ عن حَبيبٍ.\n\n١٧١٥٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أي: ربة المنزل الذي بات فيه. النهاية ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٦٨. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٦: منقطع.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٨٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٤٦)، والترمذي (١٤٥٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٢٦) من طريق هشيم به، وقال الترمذي: حديث النعمان فيه اضطراب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف الترمذي (٢٤١).","vol":"17","page":238},{"text":"النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال في الرَّجُلِ يأتِي جاريَةَ امرأتِه قال: \"إن كانَت أحَلَّتها له جَلَدتُه مِائَةً، وإن لَم تَكُنْ أحَلَّتها له رَجَمتُه\" (^١).\nورَواه قَتادَةُ عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ:\n\n١٧١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ أن رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن حُنَينٍ. وقَعَ على جاريَةِ امرأتِه فرُفِعَ إلَى النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ وهو أميرٌ على الكوفَةِ فقالَ: لأقضيَنَّ بقَضيَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، إن كانَت أحَلَّتها لَكَ جَلَدتُكَ مِائَةً، وإِن لَم تَكُنْ أحَلَّتها لَكَ رَجَمتُكَ بالحِجارَةِ. فوَجَدوه أحَلَّتها له فجَلَدَه مِائَةً، قال قَتادَةُ: كَتَبتُ إلَى حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ فكَتَبَ إلَيَّ بهَذا (^٢).\nكَذا رَواه أبانٌ العَطّارُ عن قَتادَةَ، واختُلِفَ فيه على هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى فقيلَ: عنه عن قَتادَةَ عن خُبَيبِ بنِ يَسافٍ عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ. وقيلَ: عنه عن قَتادَةَ عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن خُبَيبِ بنِ يَسافٍ.\n\n١٧١٥٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطيُّ، حدثنا الحَوضِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ قال: سُئلَ قَتادَةُ عن رَجُلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٨٤٤٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٥٩)، والنسائي (٣٣٦٠) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٢).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٢٥، ١٨٤٢٦)، والنسائي (٣٣٦١) من طريق أبان بن يزيد العطار به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦١).","vol":"17","page":239},{"text":"وطئَ جاريَةَ امرأتِه، فحَدَّثَنا عن خُبَيبِ بنِ يَسافٍ عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ أنَّها رُفِعَت إلَى النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ فقالَ: لأقضيَنَّ فيها بقَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؛ إن كانَت أحَلَّتها له جَلَدتُه، وإِن لَم تكُنْ أحَلَّتها له رَجَمتُه (^١).\n\n١٧١٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ يَسافٍ، أن رَجُلًا وطئَ جاريَةَ امرأتِه، فرُفِعَ إلَى النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُهُما في الكِتابِ.\nقال أبو عيسَى التَرمِذِيُّ: سألتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِيُّ عن هذا الحَديثِ فقالَ: أنا أتَّقِي هذا الحديثَ، وإِنَّما رَواه قَتادَةُ عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ عن النُّعمانِ. قال: ويُروَى عن قَتادَةَ أنَّه قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ حَبيبُ بن سالِمٍ. قال: ورَواه أبو بشرٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ عُرفُطَةَ أيضًا عن حَبيبِ بنِ سالِمٍ (^٣).\nقُلتُ: ولَم يَذكُرْ رِوايَةَ هَمّامٍ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ حَديث آخَرُ أضعَفُ مِن هذا.\n\n١٧١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علي بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٤٥ من طريق أبي عمر الحوضى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٥٥٣، ٧٢٢٩) من طريق همام به.\n(^٣) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٢٣٤.","vol":"17","page":240},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ، عن الحَسَن، عن سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّق، أنَّ رَجُلًا وقَعَ على جاريَةِ امرأتِه، فرُفِعوا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إن كانَت طاوَعَته فهِيَ له، وعَلَيه مِثلُها، وإن كان استَكرَهَها فهِيَ حُرَّةٌ، وعَلَيه مِثلُها\" (^١).\nكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الحَسَنِ.\nواختُلِفَ فيه على قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ؛ فرَواه ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ عن سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\nورُوِيَ عن شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ كما:\n\n١٧١٥٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن سعيدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ وأحمَدُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قالا: حدثنا بكرُ بن بَكّارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَن، عن جَونِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّق، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في رَجُلٍ وطئَ جاريةً امرأتِه فقالَ: \"إنِ استَكرَهَها فهِيَ حُرَّةٌ، ولَها عَلَيه مِثلُها، وإن كانَت طاوَعَه فهِيَ أمَةٌ، ولَها عَلَيه مِثلُها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٦٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٢، والطبراني (٦٣٣٧، ٦٣٣٨) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٦٣)، وأبو داود (٤٤٦١)، والنسائي (٣٣٦٤)، والترمذي في العلل الكبير ص ٢٣٥ من طريق ابن أبي عروبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٤٤، والطبراني (٦٣٣٥)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٠ من طريق بكر بن بكار به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٨: بكر قال النسائي: ليس بثقة.","vol":"17","page":241},{"text":"ورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن قَتادَةَ كما:\n\n١٧١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضَى في رَجُلٍ وقَعَ على جاريَةِ امرأتِه - وفِي رِوايَةِ الرَّمادَيِّ: قَضَى في الرَّجُلِ يُصيبُ جاريَةَ امرأتِه -: \"إنِ استَكرَهَها فهِيَ حُرَّةٌ، وعَلَيه لِسَيِّدَتِها مِثلُها، وإن طاوَعَته فهِيَ له، وعَلَيه لِسَيِّدَتِها مِثلُها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سَلَّامُ بن مِسكينٍ عن الحَسَنِ:\n\n١٧١٥٧ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن سَلَّامِ بنِ مِسكينٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: سألتُ الحَسَنَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَقَعُ بجاريَةِ امرأتِه، قال: حَدَّثَنِي قَبيصَةُ بن حُرَيثٍ الأنصارِيُّ، عن سلمةَ بنِ مُحَبِّقٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كان لا يَزالُ يُسافِرُ ويَغزو، وأنَّ امرأتَه بَعَثَت مَعَه جاريَةً لها فقالَت: تَغسِلُ رأسَكَ وتَخدُمُكَ وتَحفَظُ رَحلَكَ. ولَم تَجعَلْها له، وأنَّه طالَ سَفَرُه في وجهِه ذَلِكَ فوَقَعَ بالجاريَة، فلَمَّا قَفَلَ أخبَرَتِ الجاريَةُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٣٤١٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٠٠٦٩)، وأبو داود (٤٤٦٠)، والنسائي (٣٣٦٣). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٣).","vol":"17","page":242},{"text":"مَولاتَها بذَلِكَ، فغارَت غَيرَة شَديدَةً وغَضِبَت، فأتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأخبَرَته بالَّذِي صَنَعَ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن كان استَكرَهَها فهِيَ عَتيقَةٌ، وعَلَيه مِثلُها، وإن كان أتاها عن طيبَةِ نَفسٍ مِنها ورِضًا فهِيَ له، وعَلَيه مِثلُ ثَمَنِها لَكِ\". ولَم يُقِمْ فيه حَدًّا (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ فيما بَلَغَنِي عنه لحَديثِ قَبيصَةَ: هذا أصَحُّ. يَعنِي مِن رِوايَةِ مَن رَواه عن الحَسَنِ عن سَلَمَةَ. قال البخاريُّ: ولا يقولُ بهَذا أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِنا (^٢).\nوقالَ البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\": قَبيصَةُ بن حُرَيثٍ الأنصارِيُّ، سَمِعَ سلمةَ بنَ المُحَبِّق، في حَديثِه نَظَرٌ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمَّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِيِّ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: حُصولُ الإجماعِ مِن فُقَهاءِ الأمصارِ بعدَ التّابِعينَ على تَركِ القَولِ به دَليلٌ على أنَّه إن ثَبَتَ صارَ مَنسوخًا بما ورَدَ مِنَ الأخبارِ في الحُدودِ.\n\n١٧١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ عليِّ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِيٍّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِث، حدثنا أشعَثُ قال: بَلَغَنِي أن هذا كان قبلَ الحُدودِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٣٣٩) عن يوسف القاضي به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٤٤ من طريق القاسم بن سلام به.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير للترمذى ص ٢٣٥.\n(^٣) الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٧٣، والتاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحازمى في الاعتبار في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ١٦٣ من طريق خالد بن الحارث به.","vol":"17","page":243},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورُوِّينا عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِن قَولِه مِثلَ حَديثِ سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ (^١)، ورُوِّينا عنه أنَّه قال: استَغفِرِ اللهَ ولا تَعُدْ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٥٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصبر العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلاليُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذاء، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ عبدٍ لا يَدرِي ما حَدَثَ بَعدَه، لَو أُتيتُ به لَرَجَمتُه (^٣).\n\n١٧١٦٠ - وعن سُفيانَ، عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: لَو أُتيتُ به لَرَجَمتُه. قال العَدَنِيُّ: يَعنِي رَجُلًا وقَعَ على جاريَةِ امرأتِهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَولُه: إنَّ ابنَ أُمِّ عبدٍ - يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ - لا يَدرِي ما حَدَثَ بَعدَه. دَليلٌ على نَسخٍ وَرَدَ على ما أفتَى بهِ.\n\n١٧١٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (^٥)، أخبرَنا سَلَمَةُ بن كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حُجَيَّةَ بنَ عَدِيٍّ الكِندِيَّ يقولُ: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - فقالَت: إنَّ زَوجِي يأتِي جاريَتِي. فقالَ لها\n_________\n(^١) مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٢١).\n(^٢) الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٣، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠١٩)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٩٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٢٤) عن الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠١٦) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٥) في س: \"شعيب\".","vol":"17","page":244},{"text":"عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إن تَكونِي صادِقَةً نَرجُمْ زَوجَك، وإِن تَكونِي كاذِبَةً نَجلِدْكِ. قال: فقالَت: رُدّونِي إلَى بَيتِي.\nورَواه شُعبَةُ (^١) بإِسنادِه وزادَ: فقالَت: رُدّونِي إلَى أهلِي غَيرَى نَغِرَةً (^٢). ومَعناه: أن جَوفَها يَغلِي مِنَ الغَيظِ والغَيرَةِ.\nوقَد رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ مَهدِيٍّ عن سُفيانَ عن سَلَمَةَ، قال: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ؛ لأنَّ زِناه بجاريَةِ امرأتِه مِثلُ زِناه بغَيرِها، إلا أن يَكونَ ممَّن يُعذَرُ بالجَهالَةِ ويَقولُ: كُنتُ أرَى أنَّها لِي حَلالٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِثلُ هذا بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ جَيِّدٍ.\n\n١٧١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِي ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: وهَبَتِ امرأةٌ لِزَوجِها جاريَةً، فخَرَجَ بها في سَفَرٍ فوَقَعَ عَلَيها فحَبِلَت، فبَلَغَ امرأتَه حَبَلُها فأتَت عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَت: إنِّي بَعَثتُ مَعَ زَوجِي بجاريَةٍ تَخدُمُه وتَقومُ عَلَيه، فبَلَغَنِي أنَّها قَد حَبِلَت. قال: فلَمّا قَدِمَ الرَّجُلُ أرسَلَ إلَيه عُمَرُ - ﵁ -،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"شعيب\".\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"نغيرة\".\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٦٥، ١٣٤٣٧) من طريق سلمة به.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٢، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٩٥).","vol":"17","page":245},{"text":"قال: ما فعَلَتِ الجاريَةُ فُلانَةُ؟ أأحبَلتَها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: أبتَعتَها؟ قال: لا. قال: فوَهَبَتها لَكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ على ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: لا. فقالَ: لَتأتيَنِّي بالبَيِّنةِ أو لأرجُمَنَّكَ. فقيلَ لِلمَرأةِ: إنَّ زَوجَكِ يُرجَمُ. فأتَت عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فأقَرَّت أنَّها وهَبَتها له، فجَلَدَها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الحَدَّ، أُراه حَدَّ القَذفِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فإِن كان مِن أهلِ الجَهالَةِ وقالَ: كُنتُ أرَى أنَّها حَلالٌ لِي. فإنا نَدرأُ عنه الحَدَّ وعَزَّرناه.\n\n١٧١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن الهَيثَمِ بنِ بَدرٍ، عن عُرقوصٍ (^٢) الضَّبِّيُّ، أن امرأةً أتَت عَليًّا - ﵁ - فقالَت: - إنَّ زَوجِي أصابَ جاريَتِي. فقالَ زَوجُها: صَدَقَت، هِيَ ومالُها حِلٌّ لِي. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: اذهَبْ لا تَعودَنَّ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ الفَضل، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠١٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) ضبب على العين في الأصل. وفي مصدر التخريج: \"حرقوص\". وترجم له البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٣١، وابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ٣١٤، حرقوس ... ويقال: حرقوص.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٤٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠١٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٧٩: الهيثم تكلم فيه، وعرقوص لا يدرى من هو.","vol":"17","page":246},{"text":"البَيلَمانِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رُفِعَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ وقَعَ على جاريَةِ امرأتِه فجَلَدَه مِائَةً ولَم يَرجُمْه (^١).\nهذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وكأنَّه إن صَحَّ، ادَّعَى جَهالَةً فعَزَّرَه ولَم يَرجُمْه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3646>بابُ مَن أصابَ ذَنبًا دونَ الحَدِّ ثُمَّ تابَ وجاءَ مُستَفتيًا</span>\n\n١٧١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -، أن رَجُلًا أصابَ مِنِ امرأةٍ قُبلَةً، فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فأُنزِلَت: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ (١١٤)﴾ [هود: ١١٤]. قال الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ الله، ألِي هَذِهِ؟ قال: \"لمن عَمِلَ بها مِن أُمَّتِي\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي كامِلٍ وغَيرِه عن يَزيدَ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضر، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسَحاقَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٢٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٢) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (٣٦٥٣، ٤٠٩٤)، والترمذي (٣١١٤)، وابن ماجه (١٣٩٨، ٤٢٥٤)، وابن حبان (١٧٢٩) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦٨٧)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٣/ ٣٩).","vol":"17","page":247},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بن قتُيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَص، عن سِماكٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ والأسوَد، عن عبد اللهِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي عالَجتُ امرأةً (^١) في أقصَى المَدينَة، وإِنِّي أصَبتُ مِنها ما دونَ أن أمَسَّها، فأنا هذا فاقضِ فيَّ ما شِئتَ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَقَد سَتَرَكَ اللهُ، لَو سَتَرتَ نَفسَكَ. قال: ولَم يَرُدَّ (^٢) عَلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - شَيئًا، فقامَ الرَّجُلُ فانطَلَقَ، فأتبَعَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - رَجُلًا دَعاه فتَلا عَلَيه هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ (١١٤)﴾ [هود: ١١٤]. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ هذا له خاصَّةً؟ قال: \"بَل لِلنّاسِ كافَّةً\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3647>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَدِّ المَماليكِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎ في المَملوكاتِ: ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [النساء: ٢٥].\nقال الشافِعِيُّ (^٥): والنِّصفُ لا يَكونُ إلا في الجَلدِ الَّذِي يَتَبَعَّضُ، فأمّا\n_________\n(^١) أي: تناولت ذلك منها بملاطفة. والمعالجة: المصارعة والملاطفة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٣.\n(^٢) في س: \"يزد\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٦٨)، والترمذي (٣١١٢) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وأحمد (٤٢٥٠، ٤٢٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٢٣)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٣) وابن حبان (١٧٢٨، ١٧٣٠) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٦٣/ ٤٢).\n(^٥) في الأصل، س: \"الشيخ\".","vol":"17","page":248},{"text":"الرَّجمُ الَّذِي هو قَتلٌ فلا نِصفَ له. قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا زَنَت أمَةُ أحَدِكُم فَتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَجلِدْها\". ولَم يَقُلْ: يَرجُمْها (^١).\n\n١٧١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن حَسَنٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا عيسَى بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إذا زَنَت أمَةُ أحَدِكُم فَتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَجلِدْها الحَدَّ ولا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فليَجلِدْها الحَدَّ ولا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَتِ الثّالِثَةَ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَبِعْها ولَو بحَبلٍ مِن شَعَرٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيث، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن عيسَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ عن أبيه عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٤).\nورَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ وأيّوبُ بن موسَى وأُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيُّ عن أبي هريرةَ:\n_________\n(^١) الرسالة ص ١٣٣ - ١٣٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٤٥) من طريق عيسى بن حماد به. وأحمد (١٠٤٠٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٧٣٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢١٥٢، ٦٨٣٩)، ومسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٧١)، وأبو عوانة (٦٣٦٤)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٦١ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"17","page":249},{"text":"١٧١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي العَنبَس، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بن موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعنَى حَديثِ اللَّيثِ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِنَ الأوجُهِ التي ذَكَرناها (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بن أُمَيَّةَ عن سعيدٍ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ قَعنَبٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد الله، عن أبي هريرةَ وعن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الأمَةِ إذا زَنَت\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (١٠٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٨٦) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٤٤٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٤٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وسيأتي في (١٧١٨٦، ١٧١٨٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٥٣) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"17","page":250},{"text":"ولَم تُحصَنْ، قال: \"إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فبيعوها ولَو بضَفيرٍ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: لا أدرِي أبَعدَ الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ. قال: والضَّفيرُ الحَبلُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن القَعنَبِيِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الحُفّاظِ الثِّقاتِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ في تَنصيصِه على جَلدِها إذا زَنَت ولَم تُحصَنْ، فيَكونُ جَلدُها بعدَ إحصانِها بالنِّكَاحِ ثابِتًا بالكِتاب، وجَلدُها قبلَ إحصانِها بالنِّكَاحِ ثابِتًا بالسُّنَّةِ في قَولِ مَن زَعَمَ أن الإحصانَ المَذكورَ فيهِنَّ المُرادُ به النِّكاحُ.\n\n١٧١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أن سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ المَخزومِيُّ قال: أمَرَنِي عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - في فِتيَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ فجَلَدْنا ولائدَ (^٣) مِن ولائدِ الإمارَةِ خَمسينَ خَمسينَ في الزِّنى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٠٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٢٧، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٥، ٧/ ١٨١، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٦، ومن طريقه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٥٩)، وابن حبان (٤٤٤٤). وسيأتي في (١٧١٨٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨٣٧، ٦٨٣٨)، ومسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣٢)، (١٧٠٤/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) الولائد: الإماء. شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٤/ ١٨٤.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٥١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"17","page":251},{"text":"١٧١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن قادِمٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ السلام، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن عبد خَيرٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا زَنَت إماؤُكُم فأقيموا عَلَيهنَّ الحُدودَ، أُحصِنَّ أو لَم يُحصَنَّ\" (^١).\n\n١٧١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: خَطَبَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: يا أيُّها الناسُ، أقيموا الحُدودَ على أرِقّائِكُم مَن أَحصَنَ مِنهُم ومَن لَم يُحصِنْ؛ فإِنَّ أمَةً لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَنَت، فأمَرَنِي أن أجلِدَها، فإِذا هِيَ حَديثُ (^٢) عَهدٍ بالنِّفاس، فخَشِيتُ إن أنا جَلَدتُها أن تَموتَ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: \"أحسَنتَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ يونُسَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ المُقَدَّمِيِّ: فخَشِيتُ إن أنا جَلَدتُها أن أقتُلَها، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أحسَنتَ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) في م: \"حديثة\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٨٩٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٠٥/ ٣٤).","vol":"17","page":252},{"text":"١٧١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن أبي حَبيبَةَ قال: أتَيتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فقُلتُ له: إنَّه أصابَ فاحِشَةً فأقِمْ عَلَيه الحَدَّ. قال: فرَدَّدَنِي أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ ثُمَّ قال: يا قَنْبَرُ، قُم إلَيه فاضرِبْه مِائَةَ سَوطٍ. فقُلتُ: إنِّي مَملوكٌ. قال: اضرِبْه حَتَّى نَقولَ لَكَ: أمسِكْ. فضَرَبَه خَمسينَ سَوطًا.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِحصانُ الأمَةِ إسلامُها؛ استِدلالًا بالسُّنَّةِ وإِجماعِ أكثَرِ أهلِ العِلمِ (^١).\n\n١٧١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضل، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِث، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، أن مَعقِلَ بنَ مُقَرِّنٍ أتَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: عبدِي سَرَقَ مِن عبدِي قَباءً. قال: مالُكَ سَرَقَ بَعضُه في بَعضٍ، قال: أظنّه ذَكَرَ: أمَتِي زَنَت. قال: اجلِدْها. قال: إنَّها لَم تُحصَنْ. قال: إسلامُها إحصانُها (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ عن مَنصورٍ وقالَ: إحصانُها إسلامُها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الرسالة ص ١٣٥.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٧٣ - تفسير) مطولًا، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٦٩٢). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦٠٩ من طريق إبراهيم بن يزيد به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٤: رواه الطبراني بأسانيد ورجال هذا وغيره رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٧٤ - تفسير)، والطبراني (٩٦٩٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به، وليس عند سعيد قوله: \"إحصانها إسلامها\".","vol":"17","page":253},{"text":"١٧١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ هو ابنُ أبي هِندٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي ثُمامَةُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: شَهِدْتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يَضرِبُ إماءَه الحَدَّ إذا زَنَينَ، تَزَوَّجنَ أو لَم يَتَزَوَّجنَ (^١).\n\n١٧١٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سالِم، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: إحصانُ الأمَةِ دُخولُها في الإسلام وإِقرارُها، إذا دَخَلَت في الإسلامِ وأقَرَّت به ثُمَّ زَنَت فعَلَيها جَلدُ خَمسينَ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٧٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ (فإذا أَحْصَنَّ) (^٣) قال: إذا أسلَمنَ. وكانَ مُجاهِدٌ يَقرأُ: ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ يقولُ: إذا تَزَوّجنَ، فإِذا لَم تتَزَوّجِ الأمَةُ فلا حَدَّ عَلَيها (^٤).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: لَيسَ على الأمَةِ حَدٌّ حَتَّى تُحصَنَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٦١٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ٣٢٥ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٠٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦١٠ من طريق إسماعيل بن سالم به بنحوه.\n(^٣) بفتح الهمزة والصاد قرأ حمزة والكسائي وخلف وأبو بكر، وقرأ الباقون بضم الهمزة وكسر الصاد. النشر ٢/ ١٨٧.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (٦١٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦١٠ من طريق هشيم به، دون قول مجاهد.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٦١٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٥٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. =","vol":"17","page":254},{"text":"١٧١٧٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا حُصَينٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ: ﴿فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ﴾ قال: إذا تَزَوَّجنَ (^١).\n\n١٧١٧٩ - كَذا كان يقولُ ابنُ عباسٍ، وإِنَّما تَرَكْنا قَولَه بما مَضَى مِنَ السُّنَّةِ الصَّحيحَةِ وأقاويلِ الأئمَّة، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3648>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَفي الرَّقيقِ</span>\n\n١٧١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدًا كان يَقومُ على رَقيقِ الخُمُسِ، وأنَّه استَكرَهَ جاريَةً مِن ذَلِكَ الرَّقيقِ فوَقَعَ بها، فجَلَدَه عُمَرُ ونَفاه، ولَم يَجلِدِ الوَليدَةَ؛ لأنَّه استَكرَهَها (^٢).\nورَوَى أبو بكرِ بن المُنذِرِ صاحِبُ \"الخلافيات\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه حَدَّ مَملوكَةً له في الزِّنى، ونَفاها إلَى فدَكٍ (^٣).\nوروّينا عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال في أُمِّ ولَدٍ بَغَت، قال: تُضرَبُ ولا نَفىَ عَلَيها.\nوعن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - قال: تُضرَبُ وتُنفَى (^٤). وكِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورُوِيَ عن عليٍّ كما رُوِيَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n= وعبد الرزاق (١٣٦١٩) من طريق آخر عن مجاهد.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٧٧٥٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦١١ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٦٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣٣، وتقدم في (١٧١٣١) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٣) ابن المنذر في الأوسط - كما في التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٦٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٣٨٥)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٠٧٠، ٥٠٧١) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"17","page":255},{"text":"١٧١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفَّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا زَنَى العَبدُ أوِ الأمَةُ فعَلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما فعَلَ ذَلِكَ جَلدُ خَمسينَ، ولا تَغريبَ على مَملوكٍ. وكانوا يَقولونَ: مَن أصابَ حَدًّا وهو مَملوكٌ فلَم يُقَمْ عَلَيه حَتَّى عَتَقَ فعَلَيه حَدُّ المَملوكِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3649>بابُ حَدِّ الرَّجُلِ أمَتَه إذا زَنَت</span>\n\n١٧١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍ والحَرَشِيُّ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ وموسَى بن محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد الله، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الأمَةِ إذا زَنَت ولَم تُحصَنْ قال: \"إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ بيعوها ولَو بضَفيرٍ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: لا أدرِي أبَعدَ الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ (^١).\n\n١٧١٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه إلا أنَّه قال: عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ. زادَ: قال: \"ثُمَّ إن زَنَت فبيعوها ولَو بضَفيرٍ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: لا أدرِي في الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَة، والضَّفيرُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٨٢٦.","vol":"17","page":256},{"text":"الحَبلُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن القَعنَبِيِّ ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ زَيدًا في حَديثِهِما (^٢)، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ بإِسنادِه عَنهُما جَميعًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه صالِحُ بن كَيسانَ ومَعمَرُ بن راشِدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ عُيَينَةَ كما:\n\n١٧١٨٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ وزَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ وشِبلٍ قالوا: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسُئلَ عن الأمَةِ تَزنِي بنَحوِه وقالَ: في الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ. قال يَعقوبُ: مَعمَرٌ يقولُ: عن زَيدٍ وأبِي هريرةَ. وابنُ عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: شِبلِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ. وهو وهمٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٦٩). وتقدم في (١٧١٦٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٥٣، ٢١٥٤)، ومسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٠٤/ ٣٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٢٢٣٢، ٢٢٣٣)، ومسلم (١٧٠٤) عقب (٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٥٨) من طريق صالح بن كيسان به. ومسلم (١٧٠٤) عقب (٣٣) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) الشافعي في السنن المأثورة ص ٣٩٨، ٣٩٩، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣١، والحميدي (٨١٢). =","vol":"17","page":257},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ شِبلٍ (^١).\nوإِنَّما حَديثُ شِبلٍ كما:\n\n١٧١٨٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِح وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن شِبلِ بنِ خُلَيدٍ المُزَنِيِّ، عن مالكِ بنِ عبد اللهِ الأوسِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال لِلوَليدَةِ: \"إذا زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إذا زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إذا زَنَت فاجلِدوها، ثُمَّ إذا زَنَت فبيعوها ولَو بضَفيرٍ\". والضفيرُ الحَبلُ (^٢). كَذا رَواه يَعقوبُ عَنهُما.\nورَواه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" عن عبد اللهِ عن اللَّيثِ هَكَذا، وعن ابنِ بُكَير عن اللَّيثِ فقالَ: عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ الأوسِيِّ (^٣).\n_________\n= وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٤٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^١) البخاري (٢٥٥٥، ٢٥٥٦).\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٣٠. وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٢١ من طريق عقيل به. وأحمد (١٩٠١٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٦١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٣٥، وشرح المشكل (٣٧٢٨، ٣٧٢٩) من طريق الزهري به. وعندهم جميعًا: عبد الله بن مالك. بدلًا من: مالك بن عبد الله.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٠.","vol":"17","page":258},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ قالَه الزُّبَيدِيُّ وابنُ أخِي ابنِ شِهابٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^١).\nورَواه يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ فقالَ: شِبلِ بنِ حامِدٍ (^٢).\nقالَ البخاريُّ: خُلَيدٌ أشبَهُ، حامِدٌ لا يَصِحُّ عِندِي. قال: وفِي إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه: عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مالكٍ. وقالَ في الأُخرَى: مالكِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ (^٣).\nوفِي حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن أبي هريرةَ وزيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ كِفايَةٌ، وقَد ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n١٧١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريَّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا زَنَت أمَةُ أحَدِكُم فتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَجلِدْها الحَدَّ ولا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيها، ثُمَّ إن عادَت فزَنَت فتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَجلِدْها الحَدَّ ولا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيها، ثُمَّ إن عادَت فزَنَت فتَبَيَّنَ زِناها فليَبِعْها ولَو بضَفيرٍ مِن شَعَير\". يَعنِي الحَبلَ (^٤). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٩، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٦٣) من طريق الزبيدي به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٠ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٠، ٢١.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٠٧)، والشافعي في مسنده (٢٥٦). وتقدم في (١٧١٦٨) من طريق سفيان.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣١).","vol":"17","page":259},{"text":"١٧١٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا زَنَت أمَةُ أحَدِكُم فليَجلِدْها ولا يُعَيِّرْها، فإن عادَت فليَجلِدْها ولا يُعَيِّرْها، فإن عادَت في الرَّابِعَةِ فليَبِعْها ولَو بحَبلٍ مِن شَعَرٍ، أو: ضَفيرٍ مِن شَعَرٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٨٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ قال: خَطَبَنا عليٌّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أيُّها النّاسُ، أيُّما عبدٍ أو (^٣) أمَةٍ فجَرَا فأقيموا عَلَيهِما الحَدَّ، وإِن زَنَيَا فاجلِدوهُما الحَدَّ. ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ خادِمًا لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَدَت مِنَ الزِّنى، فبَعَثَنِي لأجلِدَها فوَجَدتُها حَديثَةَ عَهدٍ بنِفاسِها فخَشِيتُ أن أقتُلَها، فقالَ: \"أحسَنتَ، اترُكْها حَتَّى تَماثَلَ\" (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٨٦) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٤٤٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٤٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٣/ ٣١).\n(^٣) في م: \"و\".\n(^٤) تماثل: تبرأ وتصح، أو تُقارِب ذلك. ينظر التاج ٣٠/ ٣٨٢ (م ث ل).\nوالحديث تقدم في (١٥٨٩٩، ١٧١٧٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٠٥) عقب (٣٤).","vol":"17","page":260},{"text":"١٧١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَص، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بن عامِرٍ، عن أبي جَميلَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: أُخبِرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بأمَةٍ فجَرَت فقالَ: \"أقِمْ عَلَيها الحَدَّ\". فانطَلَقتُ فوَجَدتُها لَم تَجِفَّ مِن دِمائِها، فرَجَعتُ إلَيه فقالَ: \"أفَرَغتَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: وجَدتُها لَم تَجِفَّ مِن دِمائِها. قال: \"فإذا جَفَّت مِن دِمائِها فأقِمْ عَلَيها الحَدَّ\". قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أقيموا الحَدَّ على ما مَلَكَت أيمانُكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٧١٩٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا عليٌّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عبد الأعلَى وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي جَميلَةَ، عن أبي جَميلَةَ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: ولَدَت أمَةٌ لِبَعضِ أزواجِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أقِمْ عَلَيها الحَدَّ\". فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^٢).\nورُوِّينا فيما مَضَى عن الثَّورِيِّ عن عبد الأعلَى (^٣).\n\n١٧١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَدَّت جاريَةً لها زَنَت (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٦٩) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٨٧).\n(^٢) الجعديات (٢٢٥٧) وليس فيه: عن أبي جميلة.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٠٨٧).\n(^٤) الشافعي في مسنده (٢٥٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"17","page":261},{"text":"١٧١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ أنَسٍ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ كان إذا زَنَى مَملوكه أمَرَ بَعضَ بَنيه فأقامَ عَلَيه الحَدَّ (^١).\n\n١٧١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه أنَّه حَدَّ جاريَةً له زَنَت، فقالَ لِلَّذِي يَجلِدُها: أسفَلَ رِجلَيها، خَفِّفْ. قال: فقُلنا: أينَ قَولُ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِمَا رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ﴾ [النور: ٢]؟ قال: أنا أقتُلُها (^٢)؟\nوالرِّوايَةُ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ في قَطعِه عبدًا له سَرَقَ مَذكورَةٌ في قَطع الآبِقِ إذا سَرَقَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وكانَ الأنصارُ ومَن بَعدَهُم يَحُدّونَ إماءَهُم (^٤).\n\n١٧١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: إذا زَنَتِ الأمَةُ لَم تُجلَدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٣٨) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٣٧) من طريق ابن جريج به، وعنده: عبيد الله بن عبد الله. بدلًا من: عبد الله بن عبد الله. وعنده: \"أفيقتلها؟ \".\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٧٣١٦، ١٧٣١٧).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٣٥.","vol":"17","page":262},{"text":"الحَدَّ ما لَم تَزَوَّجْ. فسألتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبي لَيلَى فقالَ: أدرَكتُ بَقايا الأنصارِ وهُم يَضرِبونَ الوَليدَةَ مِن ولائدِهِم في مَجالِسِهِم إذا زَنَت (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وابنُ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - يأمُرُ به، وأبو بَرْزةَ - ﵁ - يَحُدُّ وليدَتَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد مَضتِ الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧١٩٥ - وأنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبيه قال: شَهِدتُ أبا بَرْزَةَ ضَرَبَ أمَةً له فجَرَت (^٤).\n\n١٧١٩٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن زَيدٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه حَدَّ جاريَةً لَه (^٥).\n\n١٧١٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا يَنبَغِي لأحَدٍ أن يُقيمَ شَيئًا مِنَ الحُدودِ دونَ السُّلطان، إلا أن لِلرَّجُلِ أن يُقيمَ حَدَّ الزِّنى على عبدِه وأمَتِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤٨، ٢٨٧٥٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٦١١، ٦١٢، والبغوى في الجعديات (٩٩، ١٠٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٣٥.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧١٧٤).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤٧، ٢٩١٩٨).\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٤٣).\n(^٦) إسماعيل القاضي في نسخة أبي الزناد - كما في فتح الباري ١٢/ ٢١٦.","vol":"17","page":263},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3650>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَدِّ الذِّمّيّين، ومَن قال: إنَّ الإمامَ مُخَيَّرٌ في الحُكمِ بَينَهُم، وإن حَكمَ حَكَمَ بما أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿. ومَن قال: عَلَيه أن يَحكُمَ بَينَهُم ولَيسَ له الخيارُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ ﷿ لِنَبيِّه - ﷺ - في أهلِ الكِتابِ: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَو أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ [الماندة: ٤٢]. ففِي هذِه الآيَةِ بَيانٌ - واللهُ أعلمُ - أن اللهَ جَعَلَ لِنَبيِّه - ﷺ - الخيارَ في الحُكمِ بَينَهُم أو يُعرِضُ عَنهُم، وجَعَلَ عَلَيه إن حَكَمَ أن يَحكُمَ بَينَهُم بالقِسطِ. قال: وسَمِعتُ مَن أرضَى مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يقولُ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩]: إن حَكَمتَ، لا عَزمًا أن تَحكُمَ (^١).\n\n١٧١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضل، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِيُّ قالا: إذا ارتَفَعَ أهلُ الكِتابِ إلَى حُكّامِ المُسلِمينَ إن شاءَ حَكَمَ بَينَهُم وإِن شاءَ أعرَضَ عَنهُم، فإِن حَكَمَ حَكَمَ بما أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n١٧١٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا العَوّامُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٣٨، ١٣٩.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٠٨، ١٩٢٤٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٤٠، وابن أبي حاتم (٦٣٩٠) من طريق المغيرة به.","vol":"17","page":264},{"text":"إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ في قَولِه: ﴿فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]. قال: بالرَّجمِ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، عن أبي أُسامَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: خَلُّوا بَينَ أهلِ الكِتابِ و(^٢) حُكَّامِهِم، فإِنِ ارتَفَعوا إلَيكُم فأقيموا عَلَيهِم ما في كِتابِكُم (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو عَوفٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن اليَهودَ جاءوا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ مِنهُم وامرأةٍ زَنَيا فقالَ: \"كَيفَ تَعمَلونَ بمَن زَنَى مِنكُم؟ \". قالوا: نَضرِبُهُما ونُحَمِّمُهُما (^٤) بأيدِينا. فقالَ: \"ما تَجِدونَ في التَّوراةِ؟ \". قالوا: لا نَجِدُ فيها شَيئًا. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَلَامٍ: كَذَبتُم، في التَّوراةِ الرَّجمُ، فأْتوا بالتَّوراةِ فاتلُوها إن\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ١٨١، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤١٦، ٤١٧ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"بين\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠٨٢).\n(^٤) نحممهما: نسود وجوههما. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٤.","vol":"17","page":265},{"text":"كُنتُم صادِقينَ. فجاءوا بالتَّوراة، فوَضَعَ مِدْراسُها الَّذِي يَدرُسُها كَفَّه على آيَةِ الرَّجم، فطَفِقَ يَقرأُ ما دونَ يَدِه وما وراءَها ولا يَقرأُ آيَةَ الرَّجم، فضَرَبَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَلَامٍ يَدَه فقالَ: ما هَذا؟. قال: هِيَ آيَةُ الرَّجمِ. فأمَرَ بهِما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرُجِما قَريبًا مِن حَيثُ توضَعُ الجَنائزُ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فرأيتُ صاحِبَها يُجنِئُ (^١) عَلَيها يَقِيها الحِجارَةَ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن زُهَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: مُرَّ على النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - بيَهودِيٍّ مُحَمَّمٍ مَجلودٍ، فدَعاهُم فقالَ لَهُم: \"هَكَذا تَجِدونَ حَدَّ الزّانِي في كِتابِكُم؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فدَعا رَجُلًا مِن عُلَمائِهِم فقالَ: \"أَنشُدُكَ اللهَ الَّذِي أنزَلَ التَّوراةَ على موسَى، هَكَذا تَجِدونَ حَدَّ الزانِي في كِتابِكُم؟ \". فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ لا، ولَولا أنَّكَ نَشَدتَنِي بهَذا لَم أُخبِرْكَ، نَجِدُ حَدَّ الزّانِي في كِتابِنا\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"يحنى\"، وفي حاشية ص ٨: \"يحنأ\". واختلفت الرواية في هذه الكلمة، وقال القاضي: والصحيح من هذا كله ما قاله أبو عبيد: يجنأ بفتح الياء والنون والجيم مهموز الأخير، ومعناه: ينحني عيها ويقيها الحجارة بنفسه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٥٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٣١١) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٣٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢١٥)، والطبراني (١٣٤٠٧) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وتقدم في (١٧٠١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٩٩) عقب (٢٧)، والبخاري (٤٥٥٦).","vol":"17","page":266},{"text":"الرَّجمَ؛ ولَكِنَه كَثُرَ في أشرافِنا، فكُنّا إذا أخَذْنا الشَّريفَ تَرَكناه، وإِذا أخَذنا الضَّعيفَ أقَمنا عَلَيه الحَدَّ، فقُلنا: تَعالَوا فلنَجتَمِعْ على شَيءٍ نُقيمُه على الشَّريفِ والضَّعيفِ. فاجتَمَعْنا على التَّحميمِ والجَلدِ مَكانَ الرَّجمِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أوَّلُ مَن أحيا أمرًا إذ أماتوه\". فأمَرَ به فرُجِمَ، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾ إلى قَولِه: ﴿يَقُولُونَ إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَذَا فَخُذُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤١]. يَقولونَ: ائتوا محمدًا، فإِن أفتاكُم بالتَّحميمِ والجَلدِ فخُذوه، وإِن أفتاكُم بالرَّجمِ فاحذَروا. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤] قال: في اليَهودِ. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥]. قال: في اليَهودِ. قال: قَولُه: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٧] قال: في الكُفّارِ كُلُّها (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاق قال: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أن أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَهُم أن أحبارَ يَهودَ اجتَمَعوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٢٥)، وأبو داود (٤٤٤٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢١٨، ١١١٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢٧، ٢٥٥٨) من طريق أبي معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٠/ ٢٨).","vol":"17","page":267},{"text":"في بَيتِ المِدْراسِ حينَ قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ وقَد زَنَى مِنهُم رَجُلٌ بعدَ إحصانِه بامرأةٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ قَد أُحصِنَت، فقالَ: انطَلِقوا بهَذا الرَّجُلِ وبِهَذِه المَرأةِ إلَى محمدٍ فسَلوه: كيفَ الحُكمُ فيهِما؟ ووَلُّوه الحُكمَ عَلَيهِما، فإِن عَمِلَ بعَمَلِكُم فيهِما مِنَ التَّجبيَهِ - وهو الجَلدُ بحَبلٍ مِن ليفٍ مَطلِيٍّ بقارٍ، ثُمَّ يُسَوَّدُ وُجوهُهُما، ثُمَّ يُحمَلانِ على حِمارَين، وتُحَوَّلُ وُجوهُهُما مِن قُبُلٍ إلَى دُبُرِ الحِمارِ - فاتَّبِعوه وصَدِّقوه؛ فإِنَّما هو مَلِكٌ، وإِن هو حَكَمَ فيهِما بالرَّجمِ فاحذَروا على ما في أيدِيكُم أن يَسلِبَكُموه. فأتَوه فقالوا: يا محمدُ، هذا الرَّجُلُ قَد زَنَى بعدَ إحصانِه بامرأةٍ قَد أُحصِنَت، فاحكُمْ فيهِما؛ فقَد ولَّيناكَ الحُكمَ فيهِما. فمَشَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى أتَى أحبارَهُم في بَيتِ المِدْراسِ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ، أخرِجوا إلَيَّ أعلَمَكُم\". فأخرَجوا له (^١) عبدَ اللهِ بنَ صُورِيّا الأعوَرَ، وقَد رَوَى بَعضُ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ أنَّهُم أخرَجوا إلَيه يَومَئذٍ مَعَ ابنِ صورِيّا أبا ياسِرِ بنَ أخطَبَ ووَهبَ بنَ يَهوذَا فقالوا: هَؤُلاءِ عُلَماؤُنا. فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ خَطِلَ (^٢) أمرُهُم، إلَى أن قالوا لابنِ صُورِيا: هذا أعلمُ مَن بَقِيَ بالتَّوراةِ. فخَلا به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وكانَ غُلامًا شابًّا مِن أحدَثِهِم سِنًّا، فألَظَّ (^٣) به المَسألَةَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ له: \"يا ابنَ صُورِيا، أنشُدُكَ اللهَ وأُذَكِّرُكَ أيامَه عِندَ بَنِي إسرائيلَ، هَل تَعلَمُ أن اللهَ حَكَمَ فيمَن زَنَى بعدَ إحصانِه بالرَّجمِ في التَّوراةِ؟ \". فقالَ: اللَّهمَّ نَعَم، أما واللهِ يا أبا القاسِمِ إنَّهُم لَيَعرِفونَ أنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إليه\".\n(^٢) الخطل: المنطق الفاسد. النهاية ٢/ ٥٠.\n(^٣) ألظ: أي ألَحَّ. النهاية ٤/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"17","page":268},{"text":"مُرسَلٌ، ولَكِنَّهُم يَحسُدونَكَ. فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأمَرَ بهِما فرُجِما عِندَ بابِ مَسجِدِه في بَنِي غَنْمِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ النَّجّار، ثُمَّ كَفَرَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ ابنُ صُورِيا فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿سَمَّاعُونَ لِقَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوكَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤١] يَعنِي الَّذينَ لَم يأتوه وبَعَثوا وتَخَلَّفوا وأمَروهُم بما أمَروهُم به مِن تَحريفِ الحُكمِ عن مَواضِعِه. قال: ﴿يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوَاضِعِهِ يَقُولُونَ إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَذَا فَخُذُوهُ﴾ لِلتَّجبيَةِ ﴿وَإِنْ لَمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ﴾ أىِ الرَّجمَ ﴿فَاحْذَرُوا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ القِصَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن يَحيَى أبو الإصبَعِ (^٢) الحَرّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: زَنَى رَجُلٌ وامرأةٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ - وقَد أحصَنا - حينَ قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَدينَةَ، وقَد كان الرَّجمُ مَكتوبًا عَلَيهِم في التَّوراةِ فتَرَكوه وأخَذوا بالتَّجبيَهِ - يُضرَبُ مِائَةً بحَبلٍ مَطلِيٍّ بقارٍ يُحمَلُ على حِمارٍ ووَجهُه مِمّا يَلِي دُبُرَ الحِمارِ - فاجتَمَعَ أحبارٌ مِن أحبارِهِم فبَعَثوا قَومًا آخَرينَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: سَلوه عن حَدِّ الزّانِي. قالَ: وساقَ الحديثَ قال فيه: قال: ولَم يَكونوا مِن أهلِ دينِه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٢٧٠، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٥٦٤. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤١٤ من طريق يونس بن بكير به.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، بالعين المهملة. وفي الكنى والأسماء ١/ ٣٣٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٢١٥: \"الأصبغ\" بالغين المعجمة.","vol":"17","page":269},{"text":"فيَحكُمَ بَينَهُم، فخُيِّرَ في ذَلِكَ. قال: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَو أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ (^١) [المائدة: ٤٢].\n\n١٧٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعيُّ: قال وكيعٌ: عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيّ، عن سِماكٍ، عن قابوسَ بنِ مُخارِقٍ، أن محمدَ بنَ أبي بكرٍ كَتَبَ إلَى عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - يَسألُه عن مسلمٍ زَنَى بنَصرانيَّةٍ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: أن أقِمِ الحَدَّ على المُسلِم، وادفَعِ النَّصرانيَّةَ إلَى أهلِ دينِها (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعيُّ: فإِن كان هذا ثابِتًا عِندَكَ فهو يَدُلُّكَ على أن الإمامَ مُخَيَّرٌ في أن يَحكُمَ بَينَهُم أو يَترُكَ الحُكمَ عَلَيهِم، فعورِضَ بحَديثِ بَجالَةَ (^٣). وهو ما:\n\n١٧٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو سَمِعَ بَجالَةَ يقولُ: كُنتُ كاتِبًا لِجَزِيِّ بنِ مُعاويَةَ عَمِّ الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ فأتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قبلَ مَوتِه بسَنَةٍ: اقتُلوا كُلَّ ساحِرٍ وساحِرَةٍ، وفَرِّقوا بَينَ كُلِّ ذِي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٨٥)، وأبو داود (٤٤٥١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٠).\n(^٢) الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٠٥، ١٩٢٣٦) - ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠ - وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠٨٣) من طريق سماك به، وعند غير الشافعي: قابوس بن مخارق عن أبيه.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٣٩.","vol":"17","page":270},{"text":"مَحرَمٍ مِنَ المَجوسِ وانهَوهُم عن الزَّمزَمَةِ (^١). فقَتَلنا ثَلاثَةَ سَواحِرَ، وجَعَلنا نُفَرِّقُ بَينَ المَرأةِ وحَريمِها في كِتاب اللهِ ﷿، وصَنَعَ طَعامًا كَثيرًا، وعَرَضَ السَّيفَ على فخِذِه، ودَعا المَجوسَ فألقَوا وِقرَ (^٢) بَغلٍ أو بَغلَينِ مِن فِضَّةٍ، فأكَلوا بغَيرِ زَمزَمَةٍ، ولَم يَكُنْ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - قَبِلَ الجِزيَةَ مِنَ المَجوسِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ - ﵁ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أخَذَها مِن مَجوسِ هَجَرَ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقُلتُ له: بَجالَةُ رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ ولَيسَ بالمَشهور، ولَسنا نَحتَجُّ برِوايَةِ مَجهولٍ، ولا نَعرِفُ أن جَزِيَّ بنَ مُعاويَةَ كان عامِلًا لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ عَلَيه إلَى أن قال: ولا نَعلَمُ أحَدًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ رَوَى عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الحُكمَ بَينَهُم، إلا في المُوادَعَينِ اللَّذَينِ رُجِما، ولا نَعلَمُ عن أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِه بَعدَه إلا ما رَوَى بَجالَةُ مِمّا يوافِقُ حُكمَ الإِسلام، وسِماكُ بن حَربٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - مِمّا يوافِقُ قَولَنا في أنَّه لَيسَ [على الإمامِ] (^٤) أن يَحكُمَ إلا أن يَشاءَ، وهاتانِ الرِّوايَتانِ وإِن لَم تُخالِفانا غَيرُ مَعروفَتَينِ عِندَنا، ونَحنُ نَرجو\n_________\n(^١) الزمزمة: كلام يقولونه عند أكلهم بصوت خفي لا يكاد يفهم. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٢) الوقر: الحِمل. النهاية ٥/ ٢١٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٧)، وأبو داود (٣٠٤٣)، والترمذي (١٥٨٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وتقدم في (١٦٥٧٦) وسيأتي في (١٨٦٨٩).\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"للإمام\".","vol":"17","page":271},{"text":"ألَّا نَكونَ مِمَّن تَدعوه الحُجَّةُ على مَن خالَفَه إلَى قَبولِ خَبَرِ مَن لا يَثبُتُ خَبَرُه بمَعرِفَتِه عِندَه (^١).\nكَذا قال الشّافِعيُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ الحُدود، ونَصَّ في كِتابِ الجِزيَةِ على أنْ لَيسَ لِلإِمامِ الخيارُ في أحَدٍ مِنَ المُعاهَدينَ الَّذينَ يَجرِي عَلَيهِمُ الحُكمُ إذا جاءوه في حَدٍّ للهِ (^٢) وعَلَيه أن يُقيمَه، واحتَجَّ بقَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]. قال: فكانَ الصَّغارُ - واللهُ أعلمُ - أن يُجرَى عَلَيهِم حُكمُ الإِسلامِ. وذَكَرَ في هذا الكِتابِ حَديثَ بَجالَةَ في الجِزيَةَ وقالَ: حَديثُ بَجالَةَ مُتَّصِلٌ ثابِتٌ؛ لأنَّه أدرَكَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وكانَ رَجُلًا في زَمانِه كاتِبًا لِعُمّالِه (^٣).\nوكأنَّ الشّافعيَّ ﵀ لَم يَقِفْ على حالِ بَجالَةَ بنِ عبدٍ - ويُقالُ: ابنِ عبدَةَ - حينَ صَنَّفَ كِتابَ الحُدود، ثُمَّ وقَفَ عَلَيه حينَ صَنَّفَ كِتابَ الجِزيَةِ إن كان صَنَّفَه بَعدَه، وحَديثُ بَجالَةَ أحَدُ ما اختَلَفَ فيه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ، فتَرَكَه مُسلِمٌ وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علي بنِ عبد اللهِ المَدينِيِّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤)، وحَديثُ عليٍّ - ﵁ - مُرسَلٌ، وقابوسُ بن مُخارِقٍ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ به (^٥)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٣٩، ١٤٠.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"الله\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢١٠.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٥٦).\n(^٥) هو قابوس بن مخارق - ويقال: ابن أبي المخارق - ابن سليم الشيباني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: =","vol":"17","page":272},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في القَديمِ في كِتابِ القَضاءِ: وقَد زَعَمَ بَعضُ المُحَدِّثينَ عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِيِّ عن الحَسَنِ. وإِنَّما عَنَى ما:\n\n١٧٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ إلَى عَدِيِّ بنِ أرطاةَ: أمّا بَعدُ، فسَلِ الحَسَنَ بنَ أبي الحَسَنِ: ما مَنَعَ مَن قَبلَنا مِنَ الأئمَّةِ أن يَحولوا بَينَ المَجوسِ وبَينَ ما يَجمَعونَ مِنَ النِّساءِ اللاتِي لا يَجمَعُهُنَّ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ المِلَلِ غَيرُهُم؟ قال: فسألَ عَدِيٌّ الحَسَنَ، فأخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد قبِلَ مِن مَجوسِ أهلِ البحرَينِ الجِزيَةَ وأقَرَّهُم على مَجوسيَّتِهِم، وعامِلُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - على البحرَينِ العَلاءُ بن الحَضرَمِيّ، وأقَرَّهُم أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بعدَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأقَرَّهُم عُمَرُ بعدَ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، وأقَرَّهُم عثمانُ - ﵁ - (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا الأثَرُ إنَّما يَدُلُّ على أنَّهُم يُترَكونَ وأمرَهُم فيما بَينَهُم ما لَم يَتَحاكَموا إلَينا، فإِذا تَرافَعوا إلَينا في حُكمٍ حَكَمنا بَينَهُم بما أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿.\nوقَد رُوِيَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵁ - ما دَلَّ على أن آيَةَ التَّخييرِ في الحُكمِ صارَت مَنسوخَةً:\n_________\n= التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٩٣، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ١٤٥، والمغني في الضعفاء ٢/ ٥١٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ١١٥: لا بأس به.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٨٩)، والمعرفة (٥٥٨٨). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٣٧)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٠٣٢) من طريق عوف الأعرابي به.","vol":"17","page":273},{"text":"١٧٢٠٨ - حدثنا (^١) أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الصُّعلوكِيُّ إملاءً وأبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بن العَوّام، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الحَكَم، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: آيَتانِ نُسِخَتا مِن هَذِه السّورَةِ - يَعنِي \"المائدَة\" - آيَةُ القَلائد، وقَولُه: ﴿فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَو أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]. قال: فكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُخَيَّرًا؛ إن شاءَ حَكَمَ بَينَهُم، وإِن شاءَ أعرَضَ عَنهُم فرَدَّهُم إلَى حُكّامِهِم. قال: ثُمَّ نَزَلَت: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩] قال: فأُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَحكُمَ بَينَهُم بما في كِتابِنا (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا عَطيَّةُ العَوفِيُّ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الحُكمِ (^٣)، وهو قَولُ عِكرِمَةَ:\n\n١٧٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن السُّدِّيّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ: ﴿فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَو أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ﴾ قال: نَسَخَتها هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"الإمام\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٨٧)، والمعرفة (٥١١٥). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٥٤٠)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٣٨٨) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان الباغندي به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢١٩)، والطبراني (١١٠٥٤) من طريق عباد بن العوام به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥١١٥).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (١٨٧٦٤) ط قلعجي. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠١٠، ١٩٢٣٩) - ومن=","vol":"17","page":274},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3651>بابُ الحُكمِ بَينَهُم - إذا حَكَمَ - بما أنزَلَ اللهُ على نَبيِّه محمدٍ - ﷺ - دونَ ما في كُتُبِهِم</span>\nبدَليلِ الآياتِ التي كَتَبْناها.\n\n١٧٢١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال: كَيفَ تَسألونَ أهلَ الكتابِ عن شَيءٍ وكِتابُكُمُ الَّذِي أنزَلَ اللهُ على نَبيِّه - ﷺ - أحدَثُ الأخبار، تَقرَءونَه مَحضًا لَم يُشَبْ، ألَم يُخبِرْكُمُ اللهُ في كِتابِه أنَّهُم حَرَّفوا كِتابَ اللهِ وبَدَّلوا، وكَتَبوا كِتابًا بأيديهِم فقالوا: هذا مِن عِندِ اللهِ. ليَشتَروا به ثَمَنًا قَليلًا؟! ألَا يَنهاكُمُ العِلمُ الذي جاءَكُم عن مَسألَتِهِم؟ واللهِ ما رأَينا رَجُلًا مِنهُم قَطُّ يَسألُكُم عَمّا أنزَلَ اللهُ إلَيكُم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3652>جماعُ أبوابِ القَذفِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3653>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَحريمِ القَذفِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٢٣].\n_________\n= طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٤٣، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٤٢، وأبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ١٨١ من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١١٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٣. وسيأتي في (٢٠٦٤٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٦٣).","vol":"17","page":275},{"text":"١٧٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبد اللهِ الأُوَيسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبي الغَيث، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اجتَنِبوا السَّبعَ الموبقاتِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ وما هُنَّ؟ قال: \"الشِّركُ بالله، والسِّحرُ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ التي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إلا بالحَقّ، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وأكلُ مالِ اليَتيم، والتَّوَلِّي يَومَ الزَّحف، وقَذفُ الغافِلاتِ المُؤمِناتِ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ غَيرِه: \"وقَذفُ المُحصَناتِ المُؤمِناتِ الغافِلاتِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد العَزيزِ الأُوَيسِيّ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بن عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ وهِشامُ بن عليٍّ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن قَيسٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى عامِرِ بنِ كُرَيزٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَحاسَدوا، ولا تَباغَضوا، ولا تَناجَشوا، ولا تَدابَروا، ولا يَبِعْ بَعضُكُم على (^٣) بَعضٍ، وكونوا عِبادَ اللهِ إخوانًا، المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِم، لا يَظلِمُه ولا يَخذُلُه ولا يَحقِرُه، التَّقوَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٧٩٢)، وسيأتي في (١٨١٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٦٦، ٦٨٥٧)، ومسلم (٨٩/ ١٤٥).\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"بيع\".","vol":"17","page":276},{"text":"ههنا - يُشيرُ إلَى صَدرِه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ - بحَسْبِ امرِئٍ مِنَ الشَّرِّ أن يَحقِرَ أخاه المُسلِمَ، كُلُّ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ حَرامٌ، دَمُه ومالُه وعِرضُه\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3654>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَحريمِ قَذفِ المَملوكينَ وإِن لَم يوجِبِ الحَدَّ الكامِلَ في حُكمِ الدُّنيا</span>\n\n١٧٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا فُضَيلُ بن غَزوانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن يوسُفَ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ غَزوانَ، عن ابنِ أبي نُعمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ نَبِيَّ التَّوبَةِ أبا القاسِمِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ مَملوكَه وهو بَرِيءٌ مِمّا قال أُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ يَومَ القيامَةِ إلا أن يَكونَ كما قال (^٣) \". لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن فُضَيلٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٦٠٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٦٤/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"له\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٦٧)، وأبو داود (٥١٦٥)، والترمذي (١٩٤٧) من طريق فضيل بن غزوان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٦٠) عقب (٣٧)، والبخاري (٦٨٥٨).","vol":"17","page":277},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3655>بابُ ما جاءَ في حَدِّ قَذفِ المُحصَناتِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ﴾ [النور: ٤].\n\n١٧٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أسعَدَ بنِ زُرارَةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: لَمّا تَلا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - القِصَّةَ التي نَزَلَ بها عُذرِي على الناسِ نَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأمَرَ برَجُلَينِ وامرأةٍ مِمَّن كان باءَ بالفاحِشَةِ في عائشَةَ فجُلِدوا الحَدَّ. قال: وكانَ رَماها عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبَيٍّ ومِسطَحُ بن أُثاثَةَ وحَسّانُ بن ثابِتٍ وحَمنَةُ بنتُ جَحشٍ أُختُ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ، رَمَوها بصَفوانَ بنِ المُعَطَّلِ السُّلَمِيِّ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بن أبي عَدِيٍّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ،. حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بهَذا الحَديث، لَم يَذكُرْ عائشَةَ، قال: فأمَرَ برَجُلَينِ وامرأةٍ مِمَّن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٧٤، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٥٩٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٦٦)، وأبو داود (٤٤٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦٧) من طريق محمد بن أبي عدي به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٥٦).","vol":"17","page":278},{"text":"تَكَلَّمَ بالفاحِشَةِ فضرِبوا حَدَّهُم؛ حَسّانُ بن ثابِتٍ ومِسطَحُ بن أُثاثَةَ. قال أبو داودَ: قال النُّفَيلِيُّ: ويَقولونَ: المَرأةُ حَمنَةُ بنتُ جَحشٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: وسَمِعتُ ناسًا مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يَقولونَ: إنَّ أصحابَ الإفكِ جُلِدوا الحَدَّ، ولا نَعلَمُ ذَلِكَ فشَا (^٢).\n\n١٧٢١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ ابنُ أخِي خَلَّادٍ، عن خَلَّادِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: بَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَخطُبُ النّاسَ أتاه رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي لَيثِ بنِ بكرٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إقرارِه بالزِّنى بامرأةً وإِنكارِها وجَلدِه مِائَةً ولَم يَكُنْ تَزَوَّجَ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن شُهودُكَ أنَّكَ خَبُثتَ بها؟ فإِنَّها تُنكِرُ، فإِن كان لَكَ شُهَداءُ جَلَدتُها، وإِلا جَلَدتُكَ حَدَّ الفِريَةِ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، واللهِ ما لِي شُهَداءُ. فأمَرَ به فجُلِدَ حَدَّ الفِريَةِ ثَمانينَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عَمّارٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ الزَّنجِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٧٥). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٩٣٠) عن أبي الربيع به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٠٨٥).","vol":"17","page":279},{"text":"عَبّادُ بن إسحاقَ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّه زَنَى بفُلانَةَ. امرأةٍ سَمّاها، فبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إلَيها فأنكَرَت، فرَجَمَه وتَرَكَها (^١).\n\n١٧٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ المُحَبِّقِ (^٢) الحَنَفِيِّ قال: قُلتُ لِرَجُلٍ: يا فاعِلُ بأُمِّه. فقَدَّمَنِي إلَى أبي هريرةَ فضَرَبَنِي الحَدَّ. قال يَعقوبُ: سَلَمَةُ يُكنَى بأبِي عُثَيمَةَ (^٣) مِن بَنِي شَيبانَ. وقالَ شُعبَةُ: عن أبي مَيمونَةَ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ (^٤):\n\n١٧٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ فارِسٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي مَيمونَةَ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فنَزَلتُ عن راحِلَتِي فعَقَلتُها فدَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فحَلَّ عِقالَها، فقُلتُ له: يا فاعِلُ بأُمِّهِ. قال: فقَدَّمَنِي إلَى أبي هريرةَ. قال: فضَرَبَنِي ثَمانينَ سَوطًا.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣١١. وأخرجه الروياني في مسنده (١٠٥١)، والطبراني (٥٧٦٧)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٩٩ من طريق هشام بن عمار به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٧٥) من طريق مسلم بن خالد به. وتقدم في (١٧٠٨٤).\n(^٢) في س، م، وحاشية الأصل، وحاشية ص ٨: \"المجنون\". وينظر ما سيأتي عقب (١٧٢٢١).\n(^٣) في م: \"عيثمة\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٤، وتكملة الإكمال ٤/ ١٢٤.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩٦ وعنده: \"المجنون\". بدل: \"المحبق\". وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٩٢) من طريق آخر عن سلمة بن المجنون، والبغوي في الجعديات (٢٢٤٧) من طريق سفيان عن سلمة بن المحبق.","vol":"17","page":280},{"text":"قال: فأنشأتُ أقولُ:\nألا لَو تَرَونِي يَومَ أُضرَبُ قائمًا ... ثَمانينَ سَوطًا إِنَّني لَصَبورُ (^١)\n\n١٧٢٢١ - قال يَعقوبُ: وقالَ شَريكٌ: عن سلمةَ بنِ المَجنونِ (^٢). وقالَ الفِريابِيُّ: عن سُفيانَ، عن شَيخٍ مِن بَنِي شَيبانَ يُقالُ له: أبو عيثمةَ (^٣). قال: فرَفَعَنِي إلَى أبي هريرةَ بالبَحرَينِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابن أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن قال لِلرَّجُلِ: يا لوطِيُّ. جُلِدَ الحَدَّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3656>بابُ العَبدِ يَقذِفُ حُرًّا</span>\n\n١٧٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) تاريخ ابن معين (٢٠٤٤ - برواية الدوري). وأخرجه الدولابي في الكنى والأسماء ٢/ ٢٩٢ من طريق العباس بن محمد الدوري به. وأحمد في العلل (٤٧٤٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) هذا هو الصواب، وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٧٤، وتوضيح المشتبه ٦/ ١٩٣، وتكملة الإكمال ٤/ ١٢٤، وإنما أثبتنا \"المحبق\" في الحديث (١٧٢١٩) اتباعًا لمتن الأصل، ولأنه أورد قول يعقوب هذا بعده، وهو لا يفعل هذا إلا عند إضافة فائدة جديدة أو تعديل على ما سبق، ولم نثبت ما في المعرفة والتاريخ؛ لأن الجزء المفقود منه تم جمع أكثره من كتب المصنف وخاصة السنن الكبير للمصنف، والدلائل كما في مقدمة التحقيق.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"عثيمة\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩٧.","vol":"17","page":281},{"text":"العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن (^١) أبي الزِّنادِ أنَّه قال: جَلَدَ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ ﵀ عبدًا في فِريَةٍ ثَمانينَ. قال أبو الزِّنادِ: فسألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أدرَكتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵄ - والخُلَفاءَ هَلُمَّ جَرًّا، ما رأيتُ أحَدًا جَلَدَ عبدًا في فِريَةٍ أكثَرَ مِن أربَعينَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٢٤ - ورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ ذَكوانَ أبي الزِّناد، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: لَقَد أدرَكتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵃ - ومَن بَعدَهُم مِنَ الخُلَفاء، فلَم أرَهُم يَضرِبونَ المَملوكَ في القَذفِ إلا أربَعينَ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٢٥ - وعن سُفيانَ: حدثنا جَعفَرٌ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان لا يَضرِبُ المَملوكَ إذا قَذَفَ حُرًّا إلا أربَعينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ابن\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٨٣.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٢٢٨، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٩٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٩٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦٨٦) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وعند عبد الرزاق: سفيان عن ذكوان. وزاد ابن أبي شيبة في آخره: ثم رأيهم يزيدون على ذلك.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٨٩)، وابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ٢٠/ ٢١٥ من طريق سفيان الثوري به.","vol":"17","page":282},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3657>بابُ مَن قال: لا حَدَّ إلا في القَذفِ الصَّريحِ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٧٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - جاءَه أعرابِيٌّ فقالَ: إنَّ امرأتِي ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ! قال: \"هَل لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ. قال: \"هَل فيها أورَقُ؟ (^١) \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"مِمَّ ذاكَ؟ \". قالَ: ذاكَ عِرقٌ نَزَعَه. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فلَعَلَّ ابنَكَ نَزَعَه عِرقٌ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الأسفاطِيِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ أعرابِيُّ مِن بَنِي فزارَةَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ امرأتِي ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ! فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فهَل لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". فقالَ: نَعَم. قال: \"ما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الأورق من الألوان في الإبل: الذي يضرب إلى الخضرة كلون الرماد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤٣٦١، ١٥٤٥١)، وسيأتي (٢١٣١٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٨٤٧).","vol":"17","page":283},{"text":"فَقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هَل فيها مِن أورَقَ؟ \". قال: إنَّ فيها لَوُرقًا. قال: \"فأنَّى أتاها ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: لَعَلَّه عِرقٌ نَزَعَها. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ولَعَلَّ عِرقًا نَزَعَه\" (^١).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢). وسائرُ طُرُقِه قَد مَضَت في كِتابِ اللَّعانِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا هارونُ بن مَعروفٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألا تَعجَبونَ كَيفَ يَصرِفُ اللهُ عَنِّي لَعْنَ قُرَيشٍ وشَتْمَهُم؟! يَشتِمونَ مُذَمَّمًا ويَلعَنونَ مُذَمَّمًا وأنا محمدٌ\" (^٤) - ﷺ - رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المَسعودِيّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسعودٍ: لا جَلدَ إلا في اثنَتَينِ؛ أن يَقذِفَ مُحصَنَةً، أو يَنفِيَ رَجُلًا مِن أبيهِ (^٦).\n\n١٧٢٣٠ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (١٠٨٤). وتقدم في (١٥٤٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٤٥١ - ١٥٤٥٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٣١) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٣٤٣٨) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٥٣٣).\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٩٣٥) من طريق المسعودي به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٣٩٤: هو منقطع.","vol":"17","page":284},{"text":"سفيانُ (^١)، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: ما كُنّا نَرَى الجَلدَ إلا في القَذفِ البَيِّنِ والنَّفيِ البَيِّنِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3658>بابُ مَن حَدَّ في التَّعريضِ</span>\n\n١٧٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ والفَقيهُ أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - كان يَضرِبُ في التَّعريضِ الحَدَّ (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أبي الرِّجال، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، أن رَجُلَينِ استَبَّا في زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ أحَدُهُما لِلآخَرِ: ما أبي بزانٍ ولا أُمِّي بزانيَةٍ. فاستَشارَ في ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فقالَ قائلٌ: مَدَحَ أباه وأُمَّه. وقالَ آخَرونَ: كان لأبيه وأُمِّه مَدحٌ سِوَى هذا، نَرَى أن تَجلِدَه الحَدَّ. فجَلَدَه عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ الحَدَّ ثَمانينَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧١٤)، وابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ٢٠/ ٢٢٨ من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٩١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٠٣)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٤٠٨ من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٩.","vol":"17","page":285},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3659>بابُ ما جاءَ في الشَّتمِ دونَ القَذفِ</span>\n\n١٧٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ الأشهَلِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن الحُصَين، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يا مُخَنَّثُ. فاجلِدوه عِشرينَ، وإِذا قال الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يا يَهودِيُّ. فاجلِدوه عِشرينَ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به إبراهيمُ الأشهَلِيُّ ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)، وهو إن صَحَّ مَحمولٌ على التَّعزيرِ.\n\n١٧٢٣٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَمِيرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أصحابِه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في الرَّجُلِ يقولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يا خَبيثُ، يا فاسِقُ. قال: لَيسَ عَلَيه حَدٌّ مَعلومٌ، يُعَزِّرُ الوالِي بما رأى (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٦٨) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٥٩).\n(^٢) هو إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن أبي حبيبة الأشهلي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٨٣، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ١/ ٢٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٤٢. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣١: ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٤٥)، والبغوي في الجعديات (٢٢٥٦) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.","vol":"17","page":286},{"text":"الغِطريفِ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ القَواريرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - يقولُ: إنَّكُم سألتُمونِي عن الرَّجُلِ يقولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يا كافِرُ، يا فاسِقُ، يا حِمارُ، ولَيسَ فيه حَدٌّ، وإِنَّما فيه عُقوبَةٌ مِنَ السُّلطان، فلا تَعُودوا فتَقولوا.\n\n١٧٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن مُعاذٍ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِيّ، عن أبي رَجاءٍ العُطارِدِيِّ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعُثمانُ - ﵄ - يُعاقِبانِ على الهِجاءِ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي قتَيلَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الواحِدِ بن أبي عَونٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ وعن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ حَدَّثاه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يَجلِدُ مَن يَفتَرِي على نِساءِ أهلِ المِلَّةِ (^٢). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وهو مَحمولٌ إن ثَبَتَ على التَّعزير، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3660>بابُ مَن رَمَى رَجُلًا بالزِّنى بامرأتِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروف، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٤٨) - ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ٧/ ٤٨٢ - من طريق معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسفي في القَنْد ١/ ٢٣ من طريق ابن شهاب به، وعنده: \"نساء الجاهلية\".","vol":"17","page":287},{"text":"أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ جُمَانٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَن، أن رَجُلًا قال لِرَجُلٍ: ما تأتِي امرأتَكَ إلا زِنًا أو حَرامًا. فرَفعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: قَذَفَنِي. فقالَ: قَذَفَكَ بأمرٍ يَحِلُّ لَكَ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) مسدد - كما في المطالب العالية (٢٠٥٣).","vol":"17","page":288},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3661>كتابُ السرقةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3662>جماعُ أبوابِ القطعِ في السرقةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٨].\n\n١٧٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ السّارِقَ؛ يَسرِقُ البَيضَةَ فتُقطَعُ يَدُه، ويَسرِقُ الحَبلَ فتُقطَعُ يَدُه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الزَّعفَرانِيِّ. رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٢)، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيه عن الأعمَش، وزادَ فيه: قال الأعمَشُ: كانوا يَرَونَ أنَّه بَيضُ (^٣) الحَديد، والحَبلُ كانوا يَرَونَ أنَّ مِنها ما يَسْوَى دَراهِمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٤٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٨٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٨٣) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وابن حبان (٥٧٤٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٧/ ٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"بيضة\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٨٣).","vol":"17","page":289},{"text":"١٧٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا صالِحُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ، أن قُرَيشًا أهَمَّهُم شأنُ المَرأةِ المَخزوميَّةِ التي سَرَقَت فقالوا: مَن يُكَلِّمُ فيها رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالوا: ومَن يَجتَرِئُ عَلَيه إلا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ حِبُّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فكَلَّمَه أُسامَةُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أتَشفَعُ في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ؟! \". ثُمَّ قامَ فاختَطَبَ فقالَ: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنَّما هَلَكَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِكُم أنَّهُم كانوا إذا سَرَقَ فيهِمُ الشَّريفُ تَرَكوه، وإِذا سَرَقَ فيهِمُ الضَّعيفُ أقاموا عَلَيه الحَدَّ، وايمُ اللهِ لَو أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ سَرَقَت لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وابنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3663>بابُ ما يَجِبُ فيه القَطعُ</span>\n\n١٧٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: قال\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٣٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٧٣)، والترمذي (١٤٣٠)، والنسائي (٤٩١٤)، وابن حبان (٤٤٠٢) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وأحمد (٢٥٢٩٧) من طريق ابن شهاب به. وسيأتي في (١٧٣١٠، ١٧٦٧٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٨٨)، ومسلم (١٦٨٨/ ٨).","vol":"17","page":290},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تُقطَعُ اليَدُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على أبي عليٍّ الحَسَنِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ البَصرِيِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن كَثيرٍ وإِبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ قالا: حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ. فذَكَرَاه بمِثلِهِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٥).\nقال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٦):\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣١). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٨٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وأحمد (٢٤٠٧٩)، والنسائي (٤٩٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٥، ٤٤٦٠) من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٨٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤٦، ٣٧٢٣٢) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٠)، والمعرفة (٥١٢٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٨٤) عقب (١).\n(^٦) البخاري عقب (٦٧٨٩).","vol":"17","page":291},{"text":"١٧٢٤٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تُقطَعُ يَدُ السّارِقِ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^١).\n\n١٧٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن شَيبانَ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ (^٢)، وفِي رِوايةِ الرَّمليِّ: كان يَقطَعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٢٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٩٦١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٣٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٩٣٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١١٨)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ٢٢٦، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٠، ١٤٧، ٧/ ١٥١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٨)، وأبو داود (٤٣٨٣)، والترمذي (١٤٤٥)، والنسائي (٤٩٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٩، ٤٤٦٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨٤/ ١).","vol":"17","page":292},{"text":"أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ السَّرحِ قالا: أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ وعَمرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تُقطَعُ يَدُ السّارِقِ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ السَّرحِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ قال: عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُقطَعُ يَدُ السّارِقِ إلا في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ بنِ السَّرحِ وحَرمَلَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، حدثنا بشرُ بن الحَكَم، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الهاد، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عائشَةَ أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تُقطَعُ يَدُ سارِقٍ إلا في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٨٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٣٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٥، ٤٤٦٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\nوأحمد (٢٤٠٧٩) من طريق يونس عن الزهري عن عمرة.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٩٠)، ومسلم (١٦٨٤/ ٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٣٢)، وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٤٣، ٤٩٤٤) من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨٤/ ٤).","vol":"17","page":293},{"text":"القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: أُتيتُ بنَبَطيٍّ قَد سَرَقَ، فبَعَثَت إلَيَّ عمرَةُ بنتُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ: أي بُنَيَّ، إن لَم يَكُنْ بَلَغَ رُبُعَ دينارٍ فلا تَقطَعْه؛ فإِنَّ عائشَةَ - ﵂ - حَدَّثَتنِي أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يُقطَعُ في دونِ رُبُعِ دينارٍ\". قال: فنَظَرَ فإِذا سَرِقَتُه بَلَغَت دِرهَمَينِ. قال: فضَرَبتُه وغَرَّمتُه وخَلَّيتُ سَبيلَه.\n\n١٧٢٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضر، حدثنا محمدُ بن راشِدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى الغَسّانِيِّ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فلَقِيتُ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ وهو عامِلٌ على المَدينَةِ فقالَ: أُتيتُ بسارِقٍ مِن أهلِ بلادِكُم حَوْرانِيٍّ (^١) قَد سَرَقَ سَرِقَةً يَسيرَةً. قال: فأرسَلَت إلَيَّ خالَتِي عمرَةُ بنتُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أن: لا تَعجَلْ في أمرِ هذا الرَّجُلِ حَتَّى آتيَكَ فأُخبِرَكَ ما سَمِعتُ مِن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - في أمرِ السّارِقِ. قال: فأتَتنِي فأخبَرَتنِي أنَّها سَمِعَت عائشَةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقطَعوا في رُبُعِ دينارٍ، ولا تَقطَعوا فيما هو أدنَى مِن ذَلِكَ\". وكانَ رُبُعُ دينارٍ يَومَئذٍ ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ، والدّينارُ اثنا عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا. قال: وكانَت سَرِقَتُه دونَ الرُّبُعِ دينارٍ فلَم أقطَعْه (^٢).\nورَواه سُلَيمانُ بن يَسارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زُرارَةَ الأنصارِيُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) الحوراني: منسوب إلى حَوْران، وهي ناحية واسعة من أعمال دمشق. ينظر معجم البدان ٢/ ٣١٧، الأنساب ٢/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٢). وأخرجه أبو يعلى في معجمه (١١٦) من طريق محمد بن راشد به.","vol":"17","page":294},{"text":"عَمْرَةَ عن عائشَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن قَولِه نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عمرَةَ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ وحُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَم يُقطَعْ سارِقٌ في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في أقَلَّ مِن ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ؛ حَجَفَةٍ أو تُرسٍ، وكِلاهُما ذو ثَمَنٍ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣)، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ أيضًا عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَكِ وأبو أُسامَةَ في آخَرينَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشَةَ مَوصولًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٥١، ٤٩٥٤)، وابن حبان (٤٤٦٤) من طريق سليمان بن يسار به. والنسائي (٤٩٤٧) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) الحَجَفة والتُّرس والمِجَن بمعنًى، وهو ما يُتوقى به من السلاح. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٠٨، ٣٤٥، والتاج ١٥/ ٤٧٧ (ت ر س).\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٧٥) من طريق هشام بن عروة به. والنسائي (٤٩٣٠، ٤٩٥٢، ٤٩٥٣) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٩٢)، ومسلم (١٦٨٥) عقب (٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٨٥/ ٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري (٦٧٩٣)، والنسائي (٤٩٥٦) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به. والبخاري (٦٧٩٤)، ومسلم (١٦٨٥) عقب (٥) من طريق أبي أسامة به.","vol":"17","page":295},{"text":"وأرسَلَه جَماعَةٌ آخرونَ:\n\n١٧٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن موسَى، حدثنا جَريرٌ ووَكيعٌ وابنُ إدريسَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن يَدَ السّارِقِ لَم تُقطَعْ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أدنَى مِن ثَمَنِ حَجَفَةٍ أو تُرسٍ، وكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ذو ثَمَنٍ، وأنَّ يَدَ السّارِقِ لَم تُقطَعْ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الشَّيءِ التّافِهِ (^١).\nوالَّذِي عِندِي أن القَدرَ الَّذِي رَواه مَن وصَلَه مِن قَولِ عائشَةَ؛ فكُلُّ مَن رَواه مَوصولًا حُفّاظٌ أثباتٌ، وهَذا الكَلامُ الأخيرُ مِن قَولِ عُروةَ؛ فقَد رَواه عبدَةُ بن سُلَيمانَ، ومَيَّزَ كَلامَ عُروةَ مِن كَلامِ عائشَةَ - ﵂ -:\n\n١٧٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ والقاسِمُ هو ابنُ زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا هارونُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن هِشامٍ، أن رَجُلًا سَرَقَ قَدَحًا، فأُتِيَ به عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيز، فقالَ هِشامٌ: فقال أَبِي: إنَّ اليَدَ لا تُقطَعُ بالشَّيءِ التّافِهِ. ثُمَّ قال: حَدَّثَتنِي عائشَةُ أنَّه لَم تكُنْ يَدٌ تُقطَعُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أدنَى مِن ثَمَنِ مِجَنٍّ؛ حَجَفَةٍ أو تُرسٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٧١) من طريق وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٩٥٩) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن راهويه في مسنده (٧٣٨) من طريق عبدة به.","vol":"17","page":296},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3664>بابُ اختِلافِ النّاقِليَن في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ، وما يَصِحُّ مِنه وما لا يَصِحُّ</span>\n\n١٧٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عَمرٍو (^١) وموسَى بن محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ سارِقًا في مِجَنٍّ قيمَتُه ثَلاثَةُ دَراهِمَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ وأبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن أُمَيَّةَ أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَه أن ابنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُم أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ يَدَ رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ تُرسًا مِن صُفَّةِ النِّساءِ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عمر\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٤٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٠، ١٤٧، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣١، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٣١٠)، وأبو داود (٤٣٨٥)، والنسائي (٤٩٢٣)، وابن حبان (٤٤٦٣). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٤٤٦) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٩٥)، ومسلم (١٦٨٦/ ٦).\n(^٤) صفة النساء: الموضع المختص بهن من المسجد. والصفة: موضع مظلل من المسجد، كان يأوى إليه المساكين. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٠، وعون المعبود ٤/ ٢٣٧.","vol":"17","page":297},{"text":"ثَمَنُه ثَلاثَةُ دَراهِمَ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيزِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيرُ (^٣) بن أحمدَ الحَدّادُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بن موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وعُبَيدِ اللهِ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنُه ثَلاثَةُ دَراهِمَ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا عَمِّي، حدثنا أَبِي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن أبي حَبيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٨٦) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. والنسائي (٤٩٢٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٦) عقب (٦).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"بكر\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٢٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٦١) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وأحمد (٤٥٠٣) من طريق أيوب به. وابن ماجه (٢٥٨٤) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٨٦) عقب (٦)، والبخاري (٦٧٩٧، ٦٧٩٨).","vol":"17","page":298},{"text":"أن بُكَيرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ (^١) الأشَجِّ حَدَّثَه، أن سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ حَدَّثَه، أن عَمْرَةَ بنتَ عبد الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَته أنَّها سَمِعَت عائشَةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُقطَعُ السّارِقُ فيما دونَ ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ\". فقيلَ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: ما ثَمَنُ المِجَنِّ؟ قالَت: رُبُعُ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ الغَفّارِ بن داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضر، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُقطَعُ يَدُ السّارِقِ إلا في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ فما فوقَه\". قالَت عمرَةُ بنتُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ: فقُلتُ لِعائشَةَ - ﵂ -: وما ثَمَنُ المِجَنِّ يَومَئذٍ؟ قالَت: رُبُعُ دينارٍ (^٣).\nوحَديثُ عائشَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ\". وحَديثُ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ قيمَتُه ثَلاثَةُ دَراهِمَ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: هذانِ مُوتَفِقانِ؛ لأنَّ ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ في زَمانِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رُبُعُ دينارٍ؛ وذَلِكَ أن الصَّرفَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - اثنَا عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا بدينارٍ، وكانَ كَذَلِكَ بَعدَه، وفَرَضَ عُمَرُ الدّيَةَ اثنَى عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ على أهلِ الوَرِق، وعَلَى أهلِ الذَّهَبِ ألفَ دينارٍ، وقالَت\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٩. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٥٠) عن عبيد الله بن سعد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٨٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الأعرابي في معجمه (٨٩٦)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٢٩، ٨٦٢٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"17","page":299},{"text":"عائشَةُ وأبو هريرةَ وابنُ عباسٍ في الدّيَةِ: اثنى (^١) عَشَرَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ. واحتَجَّ في ذَلِكَ أيضًا بحَديثِ عثمانَ في الأُترُجَّةِ (^٢)، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ (^٣).\nوحَديثُ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشَةَ دَليلٌ على ذَلِكَ (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nفأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٧٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ الوَهبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان ثَمَنُ المِجَنِّ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُقَوَّمُ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٥). فكَذا رَواه محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ، وقَد خالَفَه الحَكَمُ بن عُتَيبَةَ، فرَواه عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ عن أيمَنَ الحَبَشِيِّ:\n\n١٧٢٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ (^٦) الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"اثنا\".\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٣٠.\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٧٢٧٢، ١٧٢٨٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٢٤٧ - ١٧٢٤٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٦٣، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٢ من طريق أحمد بن خالد الوهبي به. وأبو داود (٤٣٨٧)، والنسائي (٤٩٦٦) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٤٤): شاذ.\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"الفقيه\".","vol":"17","page":300},{"text":"ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ رُسْتَةَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَم، عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ، عن أيمَنَ قال: كان يُقالُ: لا يُقطَعُ السّارِقُ إلا في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ وأكثَرَ. قال: وكانَ ثَمَنُ المِجَنِّ يَومَئذٍ دينارًا (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ: تابَعَه شَيبانُ عن مَنصورٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن مَنصورٍ عن الحَكَمِ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أيمَنَ قال: لَم تُقطَعِ اليَدُ في زَمانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلا في مِجَنٍّ وقيمَتُه يَومَئذٍ دينارٌ (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: أيمَنُ الحَبَشِيُّ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ، مَولَى ابنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ المَكِّيِّ، سَمِعَ عائشَةَ، رَوَى عنه ابنُه عبدُ الواحِدِ بن أيمَنَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورِوايَتُه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعَةٌ.\nورَواه شَريكُ بن عبد اللهِ القاضِي عن مَنصورٍ فخَلَطَ في إسنادِه؛ فرُوِي عنه عن مَنصورٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ وعَطاءٍ عن أيمَنَ ابنِ أُمِّ أيمَنَ رَفَعَه (^٥)، ورُوِيَ عنه عن مَنصورٍ عَنهُما عن أُمِّ أيمَنَ، ورُوِيَ عنه عن مَنصورٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن أيمَنَ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥، والنسائي (٤٩٦٢) من طريق منصور به. وعند النسائي: \"دينارًا أو عشرة دراهم\". وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٥٨): منكر.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٦٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥، وفيه: عمرو. بدلًا من: عمرة.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٥، ٢٦، والنسائي (٤٩٦٣) من طريق شريك به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٥٩): منكر.","vol":"17","page":301},{"text":"أُمِّ أيمَنَ عن أُمِّ أيمَنَ (^١). وهَذا مِن خَطأَ شَريكٍ أو مَن رَوَى عَنه. وقَد أجابَ عنه الشّافِعيُّ بما فيما (^٢):\n\n١٧٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعيُّ: قُلتُ لِبَعضِ النّاسِ: هذه سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُقطَعَ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا، فكَيفَ قُلتَ: لا تُقطَعُ اليَدُ إلا في عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ فصاعِدًا؟! وما حُجَّتُكَ في ذَلِك؟ قال: قَد رُوِّينا عن شَريكٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أيمَنَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - شَبيهًا بقَولِنا. قُلتُ: أتَعرِفُ أيمَنَ؟ أمّا أيمَنُ الذي رَوَى عنه عَطاءٌ، فرَجُلٌ حَدَثٌ لَعَلَّه أصغَرُ مِن عَطاءٍ، رَوَى عنه عَطاءٌ حَديثًا عن تُبَيعِ ابنِ امرأةِ كَعبٍ عن كَعبٍ، فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، والحَديثُ المُنقَطِعُ لا يَكونُ حُجَّةً. قال: فقَد رَوَى شَريكُ بن عبد الله، عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أيمَنَ ابنِ أُمِّ أيمَنَ أخِي أُسامَةَ لأُمِّه. قُلتُ: لا عِلمَ لَكَ بأصحابِنا؛ أيمَنُ أخو أُسامَةَ قُتِلَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ حُنَينٍ قبلَ يولَدُ مُجاهِدٌ، ولَم يَبقَ بعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فيُحَدِّثَ عَنه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِي أشارَ إلَيه الشّافِعِيُّ مِن رِوايَةِ عَطاءٍ عن أيمَنَ غَيرُ هذا الحَديث، فهو ما:\n\n١٧٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٦٣، وابن أبي حاتم في العلل ٤/ ٢١٥ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٣٠.","vol":"17","page":302},{"text":"عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، عن عبد المَلِك، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أيمَنَ مَولَى ابنِ الزُّبَير، عن تُبَيعٍ، عن كَعبٍ قال: مَن تَوَضّأ فأحسَنَ الوُضوءَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى العِشاءَ الآخِرَةَ، وصَلَّى بَعدَها أربَعَ رَكَعاتٍ، فأتَمَّ رُكوعَهُنَّ وسُجودَهُنَّ، وتَعَلَّمَ ما يَقتَرِئُ فيهِنَّ، كُنَّ له بمَنزِلَةِ لَيلَةِ القَدرِ (^١). وقَد أشارَ إلَيه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\"، واستَدَلَّ هو وغَيرُه بذَلِكَ على أن حَديثَه في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ مُنقَطِعٌ (^٢).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٧٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أَبِي، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان ثَمَنُ المِجَنِّ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٣).\nفقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: هذا رأْيٌ مِن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو في رِوايَةِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، والمَجانُّ قَديمًا وحَديثًا سِلَعٌ يَكونُ ثَمَنَ عَشَرَةٍ ومِائَةٍ ودِرهَمَين، فإِذا قَطَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رُبُعِ دينارٍ قَطَعَ في أكثَرَ مِنه، وأنتَ تَزعُمُ أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ لَيسَ مِمَّن تُقبَلُ رِوايَتُه، وتَترُكُ عَلَينا سُنَنًا، رَواها توافِقُ أقاويلَنا،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٥٧٠) من طريق سعدان به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٠ من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به. وأحمد (٦٦٨٧)، والنسائي (٤٩٧١) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٦٧): شاذ.","vol":"17","page":303},{"text":"وتَقولُ: غَلَطٌ. فكَيفَ تَرُدُّ رِوايَتَه مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ تَحتَجُّ به على أهلِ الحِفظِ والصِّدق، مَعَ أنَّه لَم يَروِ شَيئًا يُخالِفُ قَولَنا (^١)؟!\n\n١٧٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إسحاقَ ومُحَمَّدُ بن حَيّانَ قالا (^٢): حدثنا سَهلٌ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أبي واقِدٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنُه (^٣) خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3665>بابُ ما جاءَ عن الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - فيما يَجِبُ به القَطعُ</span>\n\n١٧٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ قال: سألَ قَتادَةُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ فقالَ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، أيُقطَعُ السّارِقُ في أقَلَّ مِن دينارٍ؟ قال: قَد قَطَعَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في شَيءٍ لا يَسُرُّنِي أنَّه لِي بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٢٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥١٥٢)، والأم ٦/ ١٣٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) في ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"قيمته\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٩٤٦) من طريق سهل به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤٨) من طريق وهيب به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٤: وفيه أبو واقد الصغير قال أحمد: ما أرى به بأسًا. وضعفه الجمهور.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٧٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٥٢) من طريق حميد الطويل به بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":304},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَةَ يَسألُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ عن القَطعِ فقالَ: حَضَرتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - قَطَعَ سارِقًا في شَيءٍ ما يَسوَى ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ، وما يَسُرُّنِي أنَّه لِي بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قَطَعَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رَجُلًا سَرَقَ مِجَنًّا على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - - أو أبي بكرٍ أو عُمَرَ - فقوِّمَ خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ فقَطَعَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ مُشْكَدانَةُ، حدثنا عُبَيدَةُ بن الأسوَد، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٤٦)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٠، ١٤٧، ٧/ ١٥١.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٧١)، والنسائي (٤٩٢٧) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٠ من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكرٍ به دون ذكر أبي بكر وعمر.","vol":"17","page":305},{"text":"مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنِ خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ، وأنَّ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنِ خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ (^١).\nكَذا قالَ، والمَحفوظُ مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ كما:\n\n١٧٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ وهو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنُه خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ. أو: أربَعَةُ دَراهِمَ. شَكَّ سعيدٌ.\n\n١٧٢٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بن أحمدَ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى وإِبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قَطَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ - ﵄ - في مِجَنٍّ. قُلتُ: كَم كان يُساوِي؟ قال: خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ شَيبانَ (^٢)، وفِي رِوايَةِ موسَى: قال أبو هِلالٍ: حِفظِي أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ يَدَ سارِقٍ في مِجَنٍّ. قال: قُلنا: يا أبا حَمزَةَ كَم كان يَسوَى ذاكَ المِجَنُّ؟ قال: خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٤٣٨)، وأبو الفضل الزهري في حديثه (٤٠٨) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ١٣١ من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٢٠ من طريق شيبان به دون ذكر عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار في مسنده (٧١٩٨) من طريق أبي هلال به بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":306},{"text":"١٧٢٧١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ أو أربَعَةِ دَراهِمَ. فلَقِيتُ سعيدَ بنَ أبي عَروبَةَ فقالَ: هو عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -. فلَقِيتُ هِشامَ بنَ أبي عبد اللهِ فقالَ: هو عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وإِلا فهو عن أبي بكرٍ (^١). فكأنَّه شَكَّ فيه، والصَّحيحُ أنَّه عن أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -.\n\n١٧٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، أن سارِقًا سَرَقَ أُترُجَّةً في عَهدِ عثمانَ - ﵁ -، فأمَرَ بها عثمانُ، فقوِّمَت ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ، مِن صَرفِ اثنَى عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا بدينارٍ، فقَطَعَ يَدَه. قال مالك: وهِيَ الأُترُجَّةُ التي يأكُلُها النّاسُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنِي غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٥٥٢) من طريق أبي مسلم به. والدارقطني ٣/ ٨٠ من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٥)، والمعرفة (٥١٤٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٥٦) من طريق عبد الله بن أبي بكر به. وسيأتي في (١٧٢٨٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٤٧)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٧.","vol":"17","page":307},{"text":"١٧٢٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَطَعَ يَدَ سارِقٍ في بَيضَةٍ مِن حَديدٍ ثَمَنِ رُبُعِ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٢٧٥ - وأمّا الأثَرُ الذي أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي القاسِمُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - بسارِقٍ قَد سَرَقَ ثَوبًا. قال: فقالَ لِعُثمانَ - ﵁ -: قَوِّمْه. فقَوَّمَه ثَمانيَةَ دَراهِمَ، فلَم يَقطَعْه (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ الشَّريفُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أخبرَنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن القاسِمِ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسعودٍ: لا تُقطَعُ اليَدُ إلا في الدّينارِ أوِ العَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٣). فكِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٣٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٧٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤٩) من طريق جعفر به محمد به. وليس عند عبد الرزاق: \"ثمن ربع دينار\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٨٨، ١٨٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٥٣) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٧٣)، والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ١٩٥ من طريق عطية الثقفي به.\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (١٩٤٤). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٦٧، والطبراني (٩٧٤٣) من طريق المسعودي به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٣: وهو موقوف، والقاسم أبو عبد الرحمن ضعيف، وقد وثق.","vol":"17","page":308},{"text":"وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعيُّ: قال بَعضُ النّاسِ: قَد رُوِّينا قَولَنا عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - به. قال الشّافِعيُّ: قُلتُ: رَواه الزَّعافِرِيُّ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، وقَد أخبرَنا أصحابُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا. وحَديثُ جَعفَرٍ عن عليٍّ أولَى أن يَثبُتَ مِن حَديثِ الزَّعافِرِيِّ. قال: فقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: لا تُقطَعُ اليَدُ إلا في عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ. قُلنا: فقَد رَوَى الثورِيُّ عن عيسَى بنِ أبي عَزَّةَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ سارِقًا في خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ. وهَذا أقرَبُ أن يَكونَ صَحيحًا عن عبد اللهِ مِن حَديثِ المَسعودِيِّ عن القاسِمِ عن عبد اللهِ. قال: فكَيفَ لَم تأخُذوا بهَذا؟ قُلنا: هذا حَديثٌ لا يُخالِفُ حَديثَنا؛ إذا قَطَعَ في ثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ قَطَعَ في خَمسَةٍ أو أكثَرَ. قال: فقَد رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه لَم يَقطَعْ في ثَمانيَةٍ (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ: رِوايَتُه عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - غَيرُ صَحيحَةٍ، وقَد رَوَى مَعمَرٌ عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا. فلَم نَرَ أن نَحتَجَّ به؛ لأنَّه لَيسَ بثابِتٍ، ولَيسَ لأحَدٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حُجَّةٌ، وعَلَى المُسلِمينَ اتِّباعُ أمرِه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فلا إلَى حَديثٍ صَحيحٍ ذَهَبَ مَن خالَفَنا، ولا إلَى ما ذَهَبَ إلَيه مَن تَرَكَ الحديثَ واستَعمَلَ ظاهِرَ القُرآنِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"دراهم\".\n(^٢) المعرفة عقب (٥١٥٢)، والأم ٦/ ١٣١.","vol":"17","page":309},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا رِوايَةُ داودَ الأوْدِيِّ الزَّعافِرِيِّ عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في القَطع، فلَم أقِفْ عَلَيها بَعدُ، وإِنَّما رِوايَتُه في أقَلِّ الصَّداقِ (^١)، وقَد أنكَرَها عَلَيه عُلَماءُ عَصرِه، فإِن كان قَد رَوَى أيضًا في القَطعِ فهو مُنكَرٌ، وداوُدُ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُظلِمٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، وهو ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِه:\n\n١٧٢٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عاصِمٌ أظُنُّه ابنَ عُمَرَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن اليَسَعَ، عن جوَيبِرٍ، عن الضَّحّاك، عن النَّزَّال، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: لا تُقطَعُ اليَدُ إلا في عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ، ولا يَكونُ المَهرُ أقَلَّ مِن عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٣). هذا إسنادٌ يَجمَعُ مَجهولينَ وضُعَفاءَ.\nوأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ عن أبي حَنيفَةَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ عن أبيه عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٤)، وخالَفَه المَسعودِيُّ فرَواه مُرسَلًا كما مَضَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٥٠٣).\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"بمثله\". وتقدم الكلام على داود عقب (٩٢٩).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٠. وقال الزيلعي في نصب الراية ٣/ ١٩٩: وجويبر ضعيف، وفيه محمد بن مروان أبو جعفر، قال الذهبي: لا يكاد يعرف.\n(^٤) أبو حنيفة في مسنده ١/ ٢١٤، ٢١٥، ومن طريقه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧١٤٢)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٩٣.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٧٢٧٦).","vol":"17","page":310},{"text":"والَّذِي رُوِيَ في مُعارَضَتِه لَيسَ بأضعَفَ مِنه:\n\n١٧٢٧٨ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عيسَى بنِ أبي عَزَّةَ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن عبد الله، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ في مِجَنٍّ قيمَتُه خَمسَةُ دَراهِمَ (^١).\nوأمّا حَديثُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقَد ذَكَرنا انقِطاعَه، مِن جِهَةِ أنَّه إنَّما رَواه عنه القاسِمُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، وهو لَم يُدرِكْ أحَدًا مِنَ الصَّحابَة، ورُوِّينا فيما مَضَى عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - في القَطعِ في خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن هارونَ الفَلَّاسُ وكانَ حافِظًا، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: لا تُقطَعُ الخَمسُ إلا في خَمسٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٥٣٥٤). وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٤٣)، والنسائي (٤٩٥٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدي به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٥٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٢٦٤ - ١٧٢٧١). وفي بعضها: أربعة أو خمسة.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٥، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد في العلل (١٠٧٩، ١٠٨٠) من طريق سعيد بن المسيب به.","vol":"17","page":311},{"text":"ورَواه مَنصورُ بن زاذانَ عن قَتادَةَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - (^١)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٧٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ العَطارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن داودَ بنِ فَرَاهِيجَ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ وأبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ يَقولانِ: القَطعُ في أربَعَةِ دَراهِمَ فصاعِدًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونا إنَّما قالاه حينَ صارَ صَرفُ رُبُعِ دينارٍ بأربَعَةِ دَراهِمَ.\nوكَذَلِكَ ما رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وعن غَيرِه في الخَمس، يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ عِندَ تَغَيُّرِ الصَّرف، والأصلُ في النِّصابِ هو رُبُعُ دينارٍ بدَلالَةِ ما مَضَى مِنَ السُّنَةِ الثّابِتَةِ.\n\n١٧٢٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، أن عائشَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: ما طالَ علَيَّ وما نَسِيتُ: \"القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (١٠٧٧)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٦ من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٥٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكرٍ (١٣/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٢، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٩٤٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٦٢). وتقدم في (١٧٢٤١).","vol":"17","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3666>بابُ القَطعِ في الطَّعامِ الرَّطْبِ</span>\n\n١٧٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ (^١)، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَن، أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرحمن، أن سارِقًا سَرَقَ في زَمانِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - أُتْرُنْجةً (^٢) فأمَرَ بها عثمانُ - ﵁ - أن تُقَوَّمَ، فقوِّمَت ثَلاثَةَ دَراهِمَ، مِن صَرفِ اثنَى عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا بدينارٍ، فقَطَعَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - يَدَه. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣). زادَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَتِه: قال مالكٌ: وهِيَ الأُترُجَّةُ التي يأكُلُها النّاسُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3667>بابُ القَطعِ في كُلِّ ما له ثَمَنٌ إذا سُرِقَ مِن حِرزٍ وبَلَغَت قيمَتُه رُبُعَ دينارٍ</span>\n\n١٧٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، أن غُلامًا لِعَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ سَرَقَ وَدِيًّا (^٥) مِن أرضِ جارٍ له، فغَرَسَه في أرضِه، فرُفِعَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن سليمان\".\n(^٢) في م: \"أترجة\".\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٢.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٢٧٢).\n(^٥) الوَدِيُّ: صغار النخل، واحدتها ودية. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٠٢.","vol":"17","page":313},{"text":"إلَى مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ فأمَرَ بقَطعِه، فأتَى مَولاه رافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: لا قَطعَ عَلَيهِ. فقالَ له: تَعالَ مَعِي إلَى مَروانَ. فجاءَ به فحَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ ولا كَثَرٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٢٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ بهَذا الحَديث، قال: فجَلَدَه مَروانُ جَلَداتٍ وخَلَّى سَبيلَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيع، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُقْطَعُ (^٣) في ثَمَرٍ ولا كَثَرٍ\". قال يَحيَى: الثَّمَرُ ما كان في رُءوسِ النَّخل، والكَثَرُ الوَدِيُّ والجُمّارُ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٧٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وأبو داود (٤٣٨٨)، والترمذي (١٤٤٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٨٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٣٨٩). وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٤٥): شاذ.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قطع\".\n(^٤) الجُمَّار: شيء أبيض يخرج من رأس النخل. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ١/ ١١٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٩٧٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٩٦).","vol":"17","page":314},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن عَمِّه واسِعِ بنِ حَبّانَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ ولا كَثَرٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي سعيدٍ، زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وبِهَذا نَقولُ: لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ؛ لأنَّه غَيرُ مُحرَزٍ، ولا جُمّارٍ؛ لأنَّه غَيرُ مُحرَزٍ، وهو يُشبِهُ حَديثَ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ.\nيَعنِي ما:\n\n١٧٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ، فإِذا آواه الجَرِينُ (^٢) ففيه القَطعُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ الأخنَس، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: في كَم تُقطَعُ اليَدُ؟ قال: \"لا تُقطَعُ في ثَمَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٥٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٩٣)، وابن حبان (٤٤٦٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢١٠١).\n(^٢) تقدم معناه في (٧٧١٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٦٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٨.","vol":"17","page":315},{"text":"مُعَلَّقٍ، فإذا آواه الجَرِينُ قُطِعَت في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ، ولا تُقطَعُ في حَرِيسَةِ الجَبَلِ (^١)، فإذا آواه المُراحُ (^٢) قُطِعَت في ثَمَنِ المِجَنِّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَجُلٌ مِن ثَقيفَ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال عثمانُ بن عَفَّانُ - ﵁ -: لا قَطعَ في طَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٢٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ وأبو نَصرٍ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضل، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا فرَجُ بن فَضالَةَ، عن لُقمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ قال: لَيسَ على سارِقِ الحَمامِ قَطعٌ (^٥). وهَذا إنَّما أرادَ في الطيرِ والحَمامِ المُرسَلَةِ في غَيرِ حِرزٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3668>بابُ السِّنِّ التي إذا بَلَغَها الرَّجُلُ والمَرأةُ أُقيمَت عَلَيهِما الحُدودُ</span>\n\n١٧٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ بن زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عليٍّ ويَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم معناها في (٧٧١٦).\n(^٢) تقدم معناه في (٧٧١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٧٢) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وأبو داود (١٧١٠، ٤٣٩٠) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٥٠٤، ٣٦٨٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٠٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٧٩) من طريق أبي سلمة بن عبد الرَّحمن به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩١٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٥١٥) من طريق آخر عن أبي الدرداء بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":316},{"text":"يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عُرِضتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ وأنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فاستَصغَرَنِي، وعُرِضتُ عَلَيه يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ فقَبِلَنِي (^١).\n\n١٧٢٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال نافِع: حَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحَديثِ عُمَرَ بنَ عبد العَزيزِ فقالَ: إنَّ هذا لَحَدٌّ (^٢) بَينَ الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِيّ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِم مِن حَديثِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ إدريسَ وعَبدِ الرَّحيمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وابنِ نُمَيرٍ والثَّقَفِيّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٤).\nوأمّا النَّظَرُ إلَى المُؤتَزَر، والاستِدلالُ بِنَباتِ (^٥) الشَّعَرِ على البُلوغ، فقَد مَضَى ما رُوِيَ فيه في كِتابِ الحَجرِ (^٦).\n\n١٧٢٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٦١) - ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٩٥٧، ٤٤٠٦) - والنسائي (٣٤٣١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤١٠ - ١١٤١٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٦٤، ٣٧٠٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحد\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٤٠٧). وتقدم في (١١٤٠٧ - ١١٤٠٩، ١٣١٣٦)، وسيأتي في (١٧٨٦٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٠٩٧)، ومسلم (١٨٦٨/ ٩١).\n(^٥) في م: \"بإنبات\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (١١٤٢٧ - ١١٤٣٥).","vol":"17","page":317},{"text":"عن القاسِمِ قال: أُتِيَ عبدُ اللهِ بجاريَةٍ قَد سَرَقَت لَم تَحِض\" (^١) فلَم يَقطَعْها (^٢).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن مِسعَرٍ عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ عن أبيه عن عبد اللهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3669>بابُ المَجنونِ يُصيبُ حَدًّا</span>\n\n١٧٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بمُبتَلاةٍ قَد فجَرَت، فأمَرَ برَجمِها، فمَرَّ بها عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - والصِّبيانُ يَتبَعونَها فقالَ: ما هَذا؟ قالوا: امرأ أمَرَ عُمَرُ أن تُرجَمَ. قال: فرَدَّها، وذَهَبَ مَعَها إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فقالَ: ألَم تَعلَمْ أن القَلَمَ رُفِعَ عن ثَلاثَةٍ؛ عن المُبتَلَى حَتَّى يُفيقَ، والنَّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، والصَّبِي حَتَّى يَعقِلَ (^٣)؟.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شُعبَةُ ووَكيعٌ وجَريرُ بن عبد الحَميدِ عن الأَعْمَشِ مَوقوفًا (^٤).\nورَواه جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ عن الأَعْمَشِ مَوصولًا مَرفوعًا:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"تحصن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦٢٤)، والطبراني (٩١٩٨) من طريق مسعر به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٤، ٢٧٥: والقاسم بن عبد الرَّحمن بن عبد الله بن مسعود لَمْ يسمع من جده ولكن رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٢٨٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الشاشى في مسنده (٥/ ١٥٣٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٤٤٠٠) من طريق وكيع به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٠٠).","vol":"17","page":318},{"text":"١٧٢٩٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مُرَّ على عليٍّ بمَجنونَةِ بَنِي فُلانٍ قَد زَنَت وهِيَ تُرجَمُ، فقالَ عليٌّ لِعُمَرَ - ﵁ -: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ أمَرتَ برَجمِ فُلانَةَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قالَ: أما تَذكُرُ قَولَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثَةٍ؛ عن النَّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن الصَّبِيِّ حتى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ\"؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَمَرَ بها فخُلِّيَ عَنها (^١).\nورَواه عَطاءُ بن السّائبِ عن أبي ظَبيانَ مُرسَلًا مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٧٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو الأحوَص، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائب، عن أبي ظَبيانَ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بامرأةٍ قَد فجَرَت، فأمَرَ برَجمِها، فمُرَّ بها علَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - وقَدِ انطُلِقَ بها لِتُرجَمَ، فأخَذَها مِنهُم فخَلَّى سَبيلَها، فأُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فأُخبِرَ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - خَلَّى سَبيلَها، فقالَ: ادعوه لي. فجاءَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، واللَّهِ لَقَد عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثَةٍ؛ عن الغُلامِ حتَّى يَبْلُغَ، وعن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ\". وإِنَّ هذه مَعتوهَةُ بَنِي فُلانٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٣٨٠). وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٤: كلاهما صحيح.","vol":"17","page":319},{"text":"لَعَل الَّذِي أتاها، أتاها وهِيَ في بَلائِها. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا أدرِي. فقالَ عليٌّ: وأنا لا أدرِي (^١).\n\n١٧٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَن، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثَة؛ عن الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَعقِلَ، وعن النَّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُكشَفَ عنه\" (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ الحَذَّاءُ، عن أبي الضُّحَي، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3670>بابُ ما يَكونُ حِرزًا وما لا يَكونُ</span>\n\n١٧٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ عبد اللهِ أن صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ قيلَ له:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٠٢) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وأحمد (١٣٢٨، ١٣٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٤) من طريق عطاء بن السائب به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٤: وقد أرسله عطاء بن السائب وليس بالثبت. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٠٢): صحيح دون قوله: لعل الذي ....\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٠) من طريق هشيم به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٤٧) من طريق يونس به. وتقدم في (٨٦٨٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥١٥٤، ١١٤٢٠، ١٥٢٠٩) من طريق خالد الحذاء. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٤: كلاهما منقطع.","vol":"17","page":320},{"text":"مَن لَم يُهاجِرْ هَلَكَ. فقَدِمَ صَفوانُ المَدينَةَ، فنامَ في المَسجِدِ مُتَوَسِّدًا رِداءَه، فجاءَ سارِقٌ فأخَذَ رِداءَه مِن تَحتِ رأسِه، فأخَذَ صَفوانُ السَّارِقَ فجاءَ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فأمَرَ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تُقطَعُ يَدُه، فقالَ صَفوانُ: إنِّي لَم أُرِدْ هذا، هو عَلَيه صَدَقَةٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فهَلّا قبلَ أن تأتيَنِي بِهِ؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٧٢٩٩ - وأخبرَنا - أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن طاوُسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\nهذا المُرسَلُ يُقَوِّي الأوَّلَ، وقَد رُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ. ورُوِيَ عن ابنِ كاسِبٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ بإِسنادِه مَوصولًا بذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه (^٣) ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ.\n\n١٧٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ العباسُ بن محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيَارَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٥٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣١، ١٤٨، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣٤، ومن طريقه ابن ماجة (٢٥٩٥) وفيه: عبد الله بن صفوان عن أبيه أنه نام .... وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٠٣، ٢٧٦٣٧)، وأبو داود عقب (٤٣٩٤) من طريق الزهري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٩٣).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٥٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣١، ١٤٨. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨٩٩) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وأحمد (١٥٣٠٦، ٢٧٦٤٠) من طريق آخر عن طاوس به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٩٧٨) من طريق ابن كاسب به، وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٦: وفيه يعقوب بن حميد - يعنى ابن كاسب - وثقه ابن حبان وغيره، وضعفه النسائي وغيره، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"17","page":321},{"text":"السَّعدِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَكَّارُ بن الخَصيب، حَدَّثَنَا حَبيبٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: بَينَما صَفوانُ بن أُمَيَّةَ مُضطَجِعٌ بالبَطحاء، إذ جاءَ إنسانٌ فأخَذَ بُردَه مِن تَحتِ رأسِه، فأتَى به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأمَرَ بقَطعِه فقالَ: إنِّي أعفو عنه. أو: أتَجاوَزُ. قال: \"فهَلَّا قبلَ أن تأتيَنَا به أبا وهبٍ؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٧٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أحمدَ بن السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ الحُنَينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن حَمَّادِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أسباطٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حُمَيدِ ابنِ أُختِ صَفوانَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: كُنتُ نائمًا في المَسجِدِ على خَميصَةٍ لِي ثَمَنِ ثَلاثينَ دِرهَمًا، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فاختَلَسَها مِنِّي، فأُخِذَ الرَّجُلُ فأُتِيَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فأمَرَ به ليُقطَعَ. قال: فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: أتَقطَعُه مِن أجلِ ثَلاثينَ دِرهَمًا؟! أنا أبيعُه وأُنسِيُّه ثَمَنَها. قال: \"ألا كان هذا قبلَ أن تأتيَنِي بهِ؟ \" (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عمرِو بنِ حَمَّادٍ.\n\n١٧٣٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه زائدَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جُعَيدِ بنِ حُجَيرٍ قال: نامَ صَفوانُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٩٣) من طريق آخر عن عطاء بن أبي رباح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٣٢).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٦٤٤)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٠٤، وأبو داود (٤٣٩٤)، والنسائي (٤٨٩٨) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٤٣٩٤).","vol":"17","page":322},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ: ورِداءُ صَفوانَ كان مُحرَزًا باضطِجاعِه عَلَيه، فقَطَعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سارِقَ رِدائِه (^١).\n\n١٧٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى قال: كان عثمانُ بن عَفّانَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: لَيسَ على سارِقٍ قَطعٌ حتى يُخرِجَ المَتاعَ مِنَ البَيتِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ شَريكُ بن عبد المَلِكِ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ الشّامِيّ، وكانَ طارِقٌ استَخلَفَه على المَدينَة، فأُتِيَ بسارِقٍ فعاقَبَه فاعتَرَفَ بالسَّرِقَة، فبَعَثَ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ يَسألُ عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: لا تَقطَعْ يَدَه حَتَّى يُخرِجَ السَّرِقَةَ.\n\n١٧٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ سابورَ الدَّقِيقِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ يَعنِي الحَلَبِيَّ عُبَيدَ بنَ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ المَدَنِيُّ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨١٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٧٦) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٥: منقطع.","vol":"17","page":323},{"text":"عبد اللهِ بنِ ضُمَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال عليٌّ - ﵁ -: لا يُقطَعُ السّارِقُ حَتَّى يُخرِجَ المَتاعَ مِنَ البَيتِ (^١).\nورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في مَعناه.\nورَواه أيضًا سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى عن عثمانَ - ﵁ - (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، أن عبدًا سَرَقَ وَدِيًّا مِن حائطِ رَجُلٍ فغَرَسَه في حائطِ سَيِّدِه، فخَرَجَ صاحِبُ الوَدِيِّ يَلتَمِسُ ودِيَّه فوَجَدَه، فاستَعدَى على العَبدِ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَم، فسَجَنَ العَبدَ وأرادَ قَطعَ يَدِه، فانطَلَقَ سَيِّدُ العَبدِ إلَى رافِعِ بنِ خَديج فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ، فأخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ ولا كَثَرٍ\". والكَثَرُ الجُمَّارُ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فإِنَّ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ أخَذَ غُلامًا لي وهو يُريدُ قَطعَ يَدِه، وأنا أُحِبُّ أن تَمشِيَ مَعِي إلَيه فتُخبِرَه بالَّذِي سَمِعتَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فمَشَى مَعَه رافِعُ بن خَديجٍ حَتَّى أتَى مَروانَ فقالَ: أخَذتَ غُلامًا لِهَذا؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. قال: ما أنتَ صانِعٌ بهِ؟ قال: أرَدتُ قَطعَ يَدِهِ. قال له رافِعُ بن خَديجٍ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨١٧) من طريق حسين بن ضميرة به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٦: إبراهيم وشيخه ضعِّفًا.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٣٠٣).","vol":"17","page":324},{"text":"سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ ولا كَثَر\". فأمَرَ مَروانُ بالعَبدِ فأُرسِلَ (^١).\n\n١٧٣٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ المَكِّيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا قَطعَ في ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ، ولا في حَريسَةِ جَبَلٍ، فإذا آواه المُراحُ أوِ الجَرينُ فالقَطعُ فيما بَلَغَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ\" (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا هذا مَوصولًا مِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: والحَوائطُ لَيسَت بحِرزٍ لِلنَّخلِ ولا لِلثَّمَرِ؛ لأنَّ أكثَرَها مُباحٌ يُدخَلُ مِن جَوانِبِه، فمَن سَرَقَ مِن حائطٍ شَيئًا مِن ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ لَم يُقطَعْ، فإِذا آواه الجَرِينُ، قُطِعَ فيه (^٤).\nقال الشّافعيُّ: وجُملَةُ الحِرزِ أن يُنظَرَ إلَى المَسروق، فإِن كان المَوضِعُ الَّذِي سُرِقَ فيه تَنسُبُه العامَّةُ إلَى أنَّه حِرزٌ في مِثلِ ذَلِكَ المَوضِع، قُطِعَ إذا أخرَجَه مِنَ الحِرز، وإِن لَم تَنسُبْه العامَّةُ إلى أنَّه حِرزٌ لَم يُقطَع\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٩، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٣٨٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٨٨).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣١.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٢٨٧).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٤٨.\n(^٥) المزنى في مختصره ص ٢٦٣.","vol":"17","page":325},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3671>بابُ السَّارِقِ توهَبُ له السَّرِقَةُ</span>\n\n١٧٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان صَفوانُ بن أُمَيَّةَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الطُّلَقاء، فأتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأناخَ راحِلَتَه ووَضَعَ رِداءَه عَلَيها، ثُمَّ تنَحَّى يَقضِي الحاجَةَ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فسَرَقَ رِداءَه، فأخَذَه فأتَى به رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأمَرَ به أن يُقطَعَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، تَقطَعُه في رِدائِي؟! أنا أهَبُه لَه. قالَ: \"فهَلَّا قبلَ أن تأتيَنِي به؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٧٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن شَيبانَ الرَّملِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: قيلَ لِصَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ خَلَفٍ: إنَّه لا دينَ لِمَن لَم يُهاجِرْ. فقالَ: واللهِ لا أصِلُ إلَى بَيتِي حَتَّى أذهَبَ إلَى المَدينَةِ. فأتَى المَدينَةَ فنَزَلَ (^٢) على العباسِ - ﵁ -، فبَينا هو نائمٌ في المَسجِدِ وعَلَى رأسِه قُصَّةٌ، فجاءَ سارِقٌ فسَرَقَها، فأخَذَها مِنه فجاءَ به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بقَطعِه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هِيَ لَه. فقالَ: \"فهَلَّا قبلَ أن تأتِيَ بهِ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n١٧٣١٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٣٣٦) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) في م: \"فدل\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٢٩٩).","vol":"17","page":326},{"text":"شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن قُرَيشًا هَمَّهُم أمرُ المَرأةِ المَخزوميَّةِ التي سَرَقَت فقالوا: مَن يُكَلِّمُ فيها رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالوا: ومَن يَجتَرِيُّ عَلَيه إلَّا أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ حِبُّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فكَلَّمَه أُسامَةُ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَشفَعُ في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللَّهِ؟! \". ثُمَّ قامَ فخَطَبَ فقالَ: \"إنَّما هَلَكَ الذينَ مِن قَبلِكم أنَّهُم كانوا إذا سَرَقَ فيهِمْ الشَّريفُ تَرَكوه، وإِذا سَرَقَ فيهِمْ الضَّعيفُ أقاموا عَلَيه الحَدَّ، وايمُ الله، لَو أنَّ فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ سَرَقَت لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطّاهِر، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن قُرَيشًا أهَمَّهُم شأنُ المَرأةِ التي سَرَقَت في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ الفَتحِ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى حَديثِ اللَّيث، زادَ: ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بتِلكَ المَرأةِ التي سَرَقَت فقُطِعَت يَدُها. قال يونُسُ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: قال عُروَةُ: قالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: فحَسُنَت تَوبَتُها بَعدُ وتَزَوَّجَت، فكانَت تأتِي بَعدُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأرفَعُ حاجَتَها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٢٤٠) من طريق الليث.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٤٧٥، ٦٧٨٨)، ومسلم (١٦٨٨/ ٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩١٧، ٤٩١٨)، وأبو عوانة (٦٢٣٧) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وسيأتي في (١٧٣٧٤).","vol":"17","page":327},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطاهِر، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\nقال أصحابُنا: ولَو كان القَطعُ يَسقُطُ بهِبَةِ المَسروقِ مِنَ السَّارِق، لَكانَ إلَى المَسروقِ مِنه فزَعُهُم وشَفاعَتُهُم فيما أهَمَّهُم، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الشَّاذْياخِيُّ في أَخَرينَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بن زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أَقِيلوا ذَوِي الهَيئاتِ عَثَراتِهِم، إلَّا حَدًّا مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3672>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن سَرَقَ عبدًا صَغيرًا مِن حِرزٍ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يُقطَعُ (^٣).\nورَواه الثَّوريُّ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مسلمٍ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ إلَّا أنَّه قال: حُرًّا كان أو عبدًا. وخالَفَه الثَّورِيُّ في الحُرِّ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٨٨/ ٩)، والبخاري (٢٦٤٨).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٤٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٩٤) من طريق عبد الملك بن زيد به. والبخارى في الأدب المفرد (٤٦٥)، وابن حبان (٩٤) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر بن حزم به، وسيأتي في (١٧٦٩٠، ١٧٦٩١).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٤٩.","vol":"17","page":328},{"text":"١٧٣١٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: مَن سَرَقَ عبدًا صَغيرًا أو أعجَميًّا لا حيلَةَ له، قُطِعَ (^١). ورُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه لَم يَرَ عَلَيهِمُ القَطعَ؟ قال: هَؤُلاءِ خَلَّابونَ (^٢).\nقال أصحابُنا: مَعناه في العَبدِ: إذا كان عاقِلًا؛ فقَد رُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه قَطَعَ رَجُلًا في غُلامٍ سَرَقَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ الباغَندِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ وهو ابنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ برَجُلٍ كان يَسرِقُ الصِّبيانَ، فأمَرَ بقَطعِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٣١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بن عبد اللَّهِ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ كان عامِلًا على المَدينَة، أُتِيَ برَجُلٍ يَسرِقُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٠) عن أبي الزناد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٥٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٠٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٨٦٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٢ من طريق إسحاق بن موسى الأنصاري به. وقال الألباني في إرواء الغليل (٢٤٠٧): موضوع.","vol":"17","page":329},{"text":"الصِّبيانَ ثُمَّ يَخرُجُ بهِم يَبيعُهُم في أرضٍ أُخرَى، فاستَشارَ مَروانُ في أمرِه، فحَدَّثَه عُروَةُ هذا الحديثَ عن عائشَةَ - ﵄ - عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قَطَعَ رَجُلًا في ذَلِكَ. قال: فأمَرَ مَروانُ بالَّذِي يَسرِقُ الصِّبيانَ فقُطِعَت يَدُه. قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ عن هِشامٍ إلَّا مِن رِوايَةِ عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى عَنه (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدارَقُطنِيُّ الحافظُ: تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ عن هِشامِ بن عُروةَ، وهو كَثيرُ الخَطأِ على هِشامٍ، ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3673>بابُ ما جاءَ في العَبدِ الآبِقِ إذا سَرَقَ</span>\n\n١٧٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدًا لابنِ عُمَرَ سَرَقَ وهو آبِقٌ، فأرسَلَ به عبدُ اللهِ إلَى سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ - وهو أميرُ المَدينَةِ - ليَقطَعَ يَدَه، فأبَى سعيدٌ أن يَقطَعَ يَدَه وقالَ: لا تُقطَعُ يَدُ الآبِقِ إذا سَرَقَ. فَقالَ له ابنُ عُمَرَ: في أيِّ كِتابِ اللهِ وجَدتَ هَذا؟! فأمَرَ به ابنُ عُمَرَ فقُطِعَت يَدُه (^٣).\n\n١٧٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٠١. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٧: عبد الله واهٍ.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٢.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٦٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٨٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦١١) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"17","page":330},{"text":"أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن نافِعٍ، أن غُلامًا لابنِ عُمَرَ أبَقَ فسَرَقَ في إباقِه، فأُتِيَ به ابنُ عُمَرَ فقالَ له: لَن يُنْجِيَكَ إباقُكَ مِن حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ. قال: فقَطَعَه.\n\n١٧٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن رُزَيقِ بنِ حُكَيمٍ أنَّه أخَذَ عبدًا آبِقًا قَد سَرَقَ، فكَتَبَ فيه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ: إنِّي كُنتُ أسمَعُ أن العَبدَ الآبِقَ إذا سَرَقَ لَم يُقطَعْ. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إنَّ اللَّهَ يقولُ: ﴿وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٨]. فإِن بَلَغَت سَرِقَتُه رُبُعَ دينارٍ أو أكثَرَ فاقطَعْه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا قَولُ القاسِمِ بنِ حمدٍ، وسالِمِ بنِ عبد الله، وعُروَةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وغَيرِهِم (^٢)، وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يَذهَبُ إلَى أن لَيسَ على الآبِقِ المَملوكِ قَطعٌ إذا سَرَقَ (^٣)، وقَد تَرَكْنا عَلَيه قَولَه إلَى قَولِ غَيرِه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ؛ لأنَّه أشبَهُ بكِتاب اللَّهِ ﷿.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ولا تَزيدُه مَعصيَةُ اللَّهِ بالإِباقِ خَيرًا (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَفَعَه بَعضُ الضُّعَفاءِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٥)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١٥٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٨٤) من طريق رزيق بن حكيم به.\n(^٢) ذكره مالك في الموطأ ٢/ ٨٣٤، والبغوي في شرح السنة ١٠/ ٣١٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦٠٨).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٥٠.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنيّ ٣/ ٨٦، وقال: لَمْ يرفعه غير فهد (بن سليمان)، والصواب موقوف.","vol":"17","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3674>بابُ الطَّرّارِ (^١) يُقطَعُ</span>\n\n١٧٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفاءُ البَغدادِيُّ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ: على الطَّرَّارِ القَطعُ. وكانوا يَقولونَ: لا قَطعَ إلَّا فيما بَلَغَت قيمَتُه رُبُعَ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3675>بابٌ: النَّبّاشُ يُقطَعُ إذا أخرَجَ الكَفَنَ مِن جَميعِ القَبِر</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: لأنَّ هذا حِرزُ مِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ، عن المُشَعَّثِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الصَّامِت، عن أبي ذَرٍّ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ. قال: \"كَيفَ أنتَ إذا أصابَ النَّاسَ مَوتٌ يَكونُ البَيتُ فيه بالوَصيفِ (^٣)؟ \". يَعنِي القَبرَ. قال: قُلتُ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. أو: ما خارَ اللهُ ورسولُه. قال: \"عَلَيكَ بالصَّبرِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الطرّار: هو الذي يشق ثياب النّاس، ويَسُلُّ ما صَرُّوا فيها من المال. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩، والنهاية ٣/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٤٩.\n(^٣) الوصيف: الغلام، أراد: أن مواضع القبور تضيق، فيبتاعون كلّ قبر بوصيف. النهاية ٥/ ١٩١.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٨٨١).","vol":"17","page":332},{"text":"١٧٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن المُساوِر، حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ بن عثمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن الشَّيبانِيّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: النَّبّاشُ سارِقٌ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا شَريكٌ عن مُغيرَةَ عن إبراهيمَ مِثلَه (^٢).\nوعن إسماعيلَ عن الحَسَنِ مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِث، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ أيُّوبَ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ أنَّه قال: يُقطَعُ في أمواتِنا، كما يُقطَعُ في أحيائِنا (^٤).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا حَرمَلَةُ بن عِمرانَ التُّجِيبِيُّ قال: كَتَبَ أيُّوبُ بن شُرَحبيلٍ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ يَسألُه عن نَبَّاشِي القُبور، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ: لَعَمرِي، لَبِحَسْبِ سارِقِ الأمواتِ أن يُعاقَبَ بما يُعاقَبُ به سارِقُ الأحياءِ (^٥).\n\n١٧٣٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٨٦) من طريق الشعبى به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٨٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٨٦) من طريق آخر عن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٨٩) من طريق آخر عن الحسن. به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٨١) عن سفيان بن سعيد الثورى به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٧٩، ١٨٨٨٣).","vol":"17","page":333},{"text":"الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أخبرَنا حَجّاج، عن عَطاءٍ قال: يُقطَعُ النَّبَّاشُ (^١).\nورُوِّيناه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ.\n\n١٧٣٢٤ - قال البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\": قال هُشَيمٌ: حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيلٌ قال: شَهِدْتُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ قَطَعَ نبَاشًا. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ. فذَكَرَه. قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ عَبّادُ بن العَوّامِ: كُنَّا نَتَّهِمُه بالكَذِبِ. يَعنِي سُهَيلًا، وهو سُهَيلُ بن ذَكوانَ أبو السِّندِيِّ المَكِّيُّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الرِّجالِ، عن أُمِّهِ عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَن، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ المُختَفِيَ والمُختَفيَةَ (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٧٣٢٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن سُلَيمانَ البُرُلُّسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٨٧) من طريق الحجاج به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٠٤.\n(^٣) المُخْتفِي: النباش. النهاية ٢/ ٥٧.\nوالحديث عند المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٧٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٥، ومالك ١/ ٢٣٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٤/ ٤١٦ من طريق الشافعي به.","vol":"17","page":334},{"text":"مالكٌ، عن أبي الرِّجال، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ المُختَفِيَ والمُختَفيَةَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو قُتَيبَةَ عن مالكٍ:\n\n١٧٣٢٧ - أخبَرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الأزهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عَبدوسِ بنِ كامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن محمدِ بنِ حَبَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرِّجالِ. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا، والصَّحيحُ مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٧/ ٢٢٣ من طريق إبراهيم بن سيمان البُرُلُّسى به. والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٤٠٩، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٤/ ٤١٦ من طريق يحيى بن صالح به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٨٨٨) من طريق عمرة به.","vol":"17","page":335},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3676>جماعُ أبوابِ قَطعِ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ في السَّرِقَةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3677>بابُ السّارِقِ يَسرِقُ أوَّلًا فتُقطَعُ يَدُه اليُمنَى مِن مَفصِلِ الكَفِّ ثُمَّ تُحسَمُ (^١) بالنّارِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ ابنُ السَّقَّاء، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بن بُطَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ: في قِراءَةِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ: (والسَّارِقُ والسَّارِقَةُ فاقطَعوا أيمانَهُما) (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه إبراهيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ إلَّا أنَّه قال: في قِراءَتِنا: (والسَّارِقونَ والسَّارِقاتُ تُقطَعُ أيمانُهُم) (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مَسَرَّةُ بن مَعبَدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يحسم\". وحَسْم يد السارق: كونها بعد قطعها ليقطع الدم. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ١/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٤) من طريق آخر عن مجاهد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٣٧ - تفسير)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٤٠٧، ٤٠٨.","vol":"17","page":336},{"text":"أبي المُهاجِرِ يُحَدِّث عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ عن عَدِي أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ يَدَ سارِقٍ مِنَ المَفصِلِ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيع، حَدَّثَنَا سفيان، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عيسَى الوَشّاءُ الصوفيُّ بتِنّيسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَلْمِ (^٣) البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ المَروَزِيُّ الخُراسانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: قَطَعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - سارِقًا مِنَ المَفصِلِ. قالَ أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا الحَديثُ عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ لا أعرِفُه إلا من رِوايَةِ خالِدٍ عَنه (^٤).\n\n١٧٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بن خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: كان عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - يَقطَعُ السّارِقَ مِنَ المَفصل، وكانَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - يَقطَعُها مِن شَطرِ القَدَمِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٧٠) عن وكيع عن مسرة قال: سمعت عدي بن عدي يحدث عن رجاء بن حيوة أن ....\n(^٢) ذكره المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٥)، وذكره ابن حجر في الفتح ١٢/ ٩٩ عن وكيع دون ذكر ابن جريجٍ فيه.\n(^٣) في م: \"مسلم\".\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ٩٠٨. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٠٩: وثِّق خالد، وقد تُكُلم فيه.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور - كما في فتح الباري ١٢/ ٩٩ وفيه: \"مشط القدم\". وأخرجه الشافعي ١/ ١٨٢ من طريق حماد بن زيد دون ذكر عمر. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٠: منقطع.","vol":"17","page":337},{"text":"١٧٣٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ خُشَيشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلْمُ بن جُنادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ أبجَرَ، عن أبيه، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَطَعَ أيديَهُم مِنَ المَفصِلِ وحَسَمَها، فكأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَى أيديهِم كأنَّها أُيُورُ الحُمُرِ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يَقطَعُ الرِّجلَ ويَدَعُ العَقِبَ يَعتَمِدُ عَلَيها (^٢).\nفكأنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يُفَرِّقُ بَينَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ فيَقطَعُ اليَدَ مِنَ المَفصِلِ ويَقطَعُ الرِّجلَ مِن شَطرِ القَدَم، ونَحنُ نَقولُ بقَولِ غَيرِه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ في التَّسويَةِ بَينَهُما، وهو قَولُ الكافَّة، وباللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٧٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بن خُصَيفَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ بسارِقٍ سَرَقَ شَملَةً فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ هذا\n_________\n(^١) الأُيور: جمع أَير وهو الذكر. وهذا يدلُّ على أنَّه قطعهم من المفصل. ينظر غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٧٧٤.\nوالأثر عند الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١٢. وينظر (١٧٣٣٦، ١٧٣٣٧). وقال الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٧١: وحجية بن عدي، قال فيه أبو حاتم: شبه المجهول.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١٢. وأخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٢ من طريق المغيرة به.","vol":"17","page":338},{"text":"قَد سَرَقَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما إخالُه سَرَقَ\". قال السّارِقُ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبوا به فاقطَعوه ثُمَّ احسِموه ثُمَّ ائتونِي به\". فقُطِعَ فأُتِيَ به، فقالَ: \"تُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿\". قال: تُبتُ إلَى اللَّهِ. قال: \"تاب اللَّهُ عَلَيكَ\" (^١).\nوصَلَه يَعقوبُ عن عبد العَزيز، وتابَعَه عَلَيه غَيرُه (^٢).\nوأرسَلَه عنه عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ:\n\n١٧٣٣٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ أبي هريرةَ فيه، إلَّا أنَّهُ قال: فقَطَعوه ثُمَّ حَسَموه ثُمَّ أتَوه بهِ.\n\n١٧٣٣٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليٌّ قال: حَدَّثَنِيه عبد العزيز بن أبي حازِمٍ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بن خُصَيفَةَ، عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليٌّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ خُصَيفَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٠٢. وأخرجه البزار (٨٢٥٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٦٦٨، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٨١ من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردى به، وقال الحاكم: هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم ولم يخرجاه.\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٣٥٣) من طريق محمد بن العباس عن يعقوب به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٨٣)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٣٤٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٣، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٠٣ من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وقال =","vol":"17","page":339},{"text":"قالَ عليٌّ: لَم يُسنِدْه واحِدٌ مِنهُم فوقَ ابنِ ثَوبانَ إلَى أحَدٍ. قال: وبَلَغَنِي أن محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ رَواه عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ عن أبي هريرةَ، ولا أُراه حَفِظَه.\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: وروِيَ فيه عنه أيضًا مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٧٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ أبي المَعروف، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ الحَذّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن المَدينِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ قال: أخبرَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بن أبجَرَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ قال: كان عليٌّ - ﵁ - يَقطَعُ ويَحسِمُ ويَحبِسُ، فإِذا بَرَءُوا أرسَلَ إلَيهِم فأخرَجَهُم ثُمَّ قال: ارفَعوا أيديَكُم إلَى اللهِ. قال: فيَرفَعونَها، فيَقولُ: مَن قَطَعَكَ؟ فيَقولونَ: عليٌّ. فيَقولُ: ولِمَ؟ فيَقولونَ: سَرَقْنا. قال: فيَقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ، اللَّهُمَّ اشهَدْ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَذّاء، زادَ في رِوايَتِه: قال عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ: وقَد رَوَى هذا الحديثَ عَمّارُ بن رُزَيقٍ الضَّبِّيُّ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ فخالَفَ ابنَ أبجَرَ في إسنادِهِ.\n\n١٧٣٣٧ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n= الزيلعى في نصب الراية ٣/ ٣٧١: وقال ابن القطان في بيان الوهم والإِبهام ٥/ ٢٩٨: ويزيد بن خصيفة هو منسوب إلى جده، فإنه يزيد بن عبد الله بن خصيفة، وهو ثقة بلا خلاف.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٧٧) من طريق عبد الملك به، وينظر (١٧٣٣٢).","vol":"17","page":340},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الجَوّاب، حَدَّثَنَا عَمّارٌ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبي الزَّعراء، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان إذا أخَذَ اللِّصَّ قَطَعَه ثُمَّ حَسَمَه ثُمَّ ألقاه في السِّجن، فإِذا بَرَءُوا وأرادَ أن يُخرِجَهُم فقالَ: ارفَعوا أيديَكُم إلَى اللَّهِ. كأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَيها كأنَّها أُيُورُ الحُمُر، فيَقولُ: مَن قَطَعَكُم؟ فيَقولونَ: عليٌّ. فيَقولُ: اللَّهمَّ صَدَقوا، فيكَ قَطَعتُهُم، وفيكَ أرسَلتُهُم (^١).\nقال عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ في الإِسنادِ الأوَّلِ: والحَديثُ عِندِي حَديثُ ابنِ أبجَرَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأنَّه كان يأمُرُ بتَعَهُّدِهِم حَتَّى يَبرَءوا لا أنَّه كان يَحبِسُهُم تَعزيرًا؛ فقَد رَوَى سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن أبي جَعفَرٍ أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: حَبسُ الإمامِ بعدَ إقامَةِ الحَدِّ ظُلمٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3678>بابُ السارِقِ يَعودُ فيَسرِقُ ثانيًا وثالِثًا ورابِعًا</span>\n\n١٧٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن بَكّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي خَليلُ بن أبي رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا مُصعَبٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٧٧٤ من طريق عمار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٦٩) عن الثورى عن محمد بن قيس عن أبي جعفر من قوله.","vol":"17","page":341},{"text":"أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الهِلالِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: جِيءَ بسارِقٍ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما سَرَقَ. فقالَ: \"اقطَعوه\". فقُطِعَ، ثُمَّ جِيءَ به الثّانيَةَ فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما سَرَقَ. قال: \"اقطَعوه\". قال: فقُطِعَ، ثُمَّ جِيءَ به الثَّالِثَةَ فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما سَرَقَ. قال: \"اقطَعوه\". ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بهِ الرَّابِعَةَ فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما سَرَقَ. قال: \"اقطَعوه\". فأُتِيَ به الخامِسَةَ فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". قال جابِر: فانطَلَقنا به فقَتَلناه ثُمَّ اجتَرَرناه فألقَيناه في بئرٍ ورَمَينا عَلَيه الحِجارَةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي مَعشَرٍ في المَرَّةِ الأولَى قال: إنَّه سَرَقَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"اقطَعوا يَدَه\". وقالَ في المَرَّةِ الثَّانيَةِ بعدَ هذا القَولِ: \"اقطَعوا رِجلَه\". وفِي المَرَّةِ الثّالِثَةِ: \"اقطَعوا يَدَه\". وفِي المَرَّةِ الرَّابِعَةِ: \"اقطَعوا رِجلَه\". وَقالَ في المَرَّةِ الخامِسَةِ: قال: \"أَلَم أقُل لَكُمُ: اقتُلوه اقتُلوه\". قال: فمَرَرنا به إلَى مِربَدِ النَّعَمِ فحَمَلنا عَلَيه النَّعَمَ فشالَ بيَدَيه ورِجلَيه (^١) حَتَّى نَفَرَت مِنه الإِبِلُ. قال: فعَلَوناه بالحِجارَةِ حَتَّى قَتَلناه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) شال بيديه ورجليه: رفعهما. ينظر التاج (ش ول).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٦١)، والمعرفة (٥١٧٤)، وأبو داود (٤٤١٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٩٣)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٧٠٦) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبيد بن عقيل به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١١: ما أنكره! ومصعب ضعفه أحمد وابن معين. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧١٠).","vol":"17","page":342},{"text":"١٧٣٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو موسَى إسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن عبد العَزيزِ الأشجَعِيُّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرٍ قال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بسارِقٍ فأمَرَ بقَطعِ يَدِه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به قَد سَرَقَ فأمَرَ به فقُطِعَ رِجلُه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به بَعدُ وقَد سَرَقَ فأمَرَ بقَطعِ يَدِه اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به قَد سَرَقَ فأمَرَ بقَطعِ رِجلِه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به قَد سَرَقَ فأمَرَ بقَتلِهِ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِيَ هذا الحَديثُ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ أبي حُمَيدٍ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٤٠ - وفيما أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً فيما لَم يُملِ مِن كِتابِ \"المستدرك\": حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ بن مسلمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن سَعدٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، أن رَجُلًا سَرَقَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأُتِيَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". فقالوا: إنَّما سَرَقَ. قال: \"فاقطَعوه\". ثُمَّ سَرَقَ أيضًا فقُطِعَ، ثُمَّ سَرَقَ على عَهدِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنّف في الصغرى عقب (٣٣٦١) من طريق عاصم بن عبد العزيز الأشجعى به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٢: وعاصم ليس بحجة.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٠، ١٨١ من طريق هشام بن عروة به. والمصنف في المعرفة عقب (١٠٨٤) من طريق محمد بن أبي حميد به.","vol":"17","page":343},{"text":"فقُطِعَ، ثُمَّ سَرَقَ فقُطِعَ، حَتَّى قُطِعَت قَوائمُه، ثُمَّ سَرَقَ الخامِسَةَ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أعلَمَ بهَذا حينَ أمَرَ بقَتلِه، اذهَبوا به فاقتُلوه. فدُفِعَ إلَى فِتيَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ فيهِم عبدُ اللهِ بن الزُّبَير، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ: أمِّرونِي عَلَيكُم. فأمَّروه، فكانَ إذا ضَرَبَه ضَرَبوه حَتَّى قَتَلوه (^١).\nتابَعَه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن يوسُفَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ قال: أُتِيَ بالسَّارِقِ فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، هذا غُلام لأيتامٍ مِنَ الأنصار، واللهِ ما نَعلَمُ لَهُم مالًا غَيرَه. فتَرَكَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به الثّانيَةَ فتَرَكَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به الثَّالِثَةَ فتَرَكَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به الرَّابِعَةَ فتَرَكَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به الخامِسَةَ فقَطَعَ يَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به السَّادِسَةَ فقَطَعَ رِجلَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به السَّابِعَةَ فقَطَعَ يَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به الثامِنَةَ فقَطَعَ رِجلَه. كَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِي.\nوقالَ حَمَّادُ بن مَسعَدَةَ: عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ. وهو أصَحُّ، وهو مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ بإِسنادٍ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٨٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٧٨٤)، والطبراني (٣٤٠٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٩٢) من طريق النضر بن شميل به. وأنكره الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٣٧٠).","vol":"17","page":344},{"text":"صَحيحٍ. أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيِّ عن حَمّادِ بنِ مَسعَدَةَ (^١).\nورَواه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عبد رَبِّه بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، أن الحارِثَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ وابنَ سابِطٍ الأحوَلَ حَدَّثاه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُى بعَبدٍ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢).\nوكأنَّه لَم يَرَ بُلوغَه في المَرّاتِ الأربَع، أو لَم يَرَ سَرِقَتَه بَلَغَت ما يوجِبُ القَطعَ، ثُمَّ رآها توجِبُه في المَرّاتِ الأُخَرِ فأمَرَ بالقَطع، وهَذا المُرسَلُ يُقَوِّي المَوصولَ قَبلَه، ويُقَوِّي قَولَ مَن وافَقَه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ -.\n\n١٧٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِم، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ أقطَعَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ قَدِمَ على أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -، فشَكا إلَيه أن عامِلَ اليَمَنِ ظَلَمَه، وكانَ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيلِ فيَقولُ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: وأبيكَ ما لَيلُكَ بلَيلِ سارِقٍ. ثُمَّ إنَّهُمُ افتَقَدوا حُلِيًّا لأسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ - ﵄ - امرأةِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَطوفُ مَعَهُم ويَقولُ: اللَّهمَّ عَلَيكَ بمَن بَيَّتَ أهلَ هذا البَيتِ الصّالِحِ. فوَجَدوا الحُلِيَّ عِندَ صائغٍ وأنَّ الأقطَعَ جاءَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٤٧) وعنده: عبد ربه بن أبي أمية. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢١٣٢) من طريق حماد بن مسعدة، وعنده: عبد الكريم بن أبي أمية.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٨٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٣٣) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.","vol":"17","page":345},{"text":"به، فاعتَرَفَ الأقطَعُ أو شُهِدَ عَلَيه، فأمَرَ به أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقُطِعَت يَدُه اليُسرَى، وقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: واللهِ لَدُعاؤُه على نَفسِه أشَدُّ عِندِي مِن سَرِقَتِهِ (^١).\n\n١٧٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ خُشَيشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلْمُ بن جُنادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِم، عن أبيه، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - أرادَ أن يَقطَعَ رَجُلًا بعدَ اليَدِ والرجل، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: السُّنَّةُ اليَدُ (^٢).\nقَولُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: السُّنَّةُ اليَدُ. يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ عَرَفَ فيه سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -.\n\n١٧٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّناد، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبي عُبَيدٍ، أن رَجُلًا سَرَقَ على عَهدِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - مَقطوعَةً يَدُه ورِجلُه، فأرادَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - أن يَقطَعَ رِجلَه ويَدَعَ يَدَه يَستَطيبُ بها ويَتَطَهَّرُ بها\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٦٢)، والمعرفة (١٥٧٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٣٥، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٥/ ٧٦، ٧٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٦٩) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن القاسم بن محمد به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٢٩) من طريق وكيعٌ به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٣: منقطع.","vol":"17","page":346},{"text":"ويَنتَفِعُ بها، فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَتُقطَعَنَّ يَدُه الأُخرَى. فأمَرَ به أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فقُطِعَت يَدُه (^١).\n\n١٧٣٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نجدةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، أخبرَنا عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطاب - ﵁ - قَطَعَ يَدًا بعدَ يَدٍ ورِجلٍ (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاء، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قَطَعَ يَدًا بعدَ يَدٍ ورِجلٍ.\n\n١٧٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الكَرابيسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأحوَص، حَدَّثَنَا سِماكُ بن حَربٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عائذٍ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - برَجُلٍ أقطَعِ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ قَد سَرَقَ، فأمَرَ به عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن تقطَعَ رِجلُه، فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: إنَّما قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٣]، إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فقَد قُطِعَتْ يَدُ هذا ورِجلُه، فلا يَنبَغِي أن تَقطَعَ رِجلَه فتَدَعَه لَيسَ له قائمَةٌ يَمشِي عَلَيها، إمّا أن تُعَزِّرَه وإِمّا أن تَستَودِعَه السِّجنَ. قال: فاستَودَعَه السِّجنَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور - كما في التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٧٠. وأخرجه المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٥١٧٥) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وفي الصغرى (٣٣٦٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨١ من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٦٦) من طريق سماك بن حرب به بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":347},{"text":"الرِّوايَةُ الأولَى عن عُمَرَ أولَى أن تَكونَ صَحيحَةً، وكَيفَ تَصِحُّ هذه عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - وقَد أنكَرَ في الروايَةِ الأولَى قَطعَ الرِّجلِ بعدَ اليَدِ والرِّجلِ وأشارَ باليَدِ؟! ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولَةٌ تَشهَدُ لِلروايَةِ الأولَى بالصِّحَّة، وكَذَلِكَ رِوايَةُ صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبي عُبَيدٍ فيها ما في رِوايَةِ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ.\nفأمّا ما رُوِيَ فيه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقَد رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عنه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n١٧٣٤٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ وعَلِيُّ بن حَمشاذَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ وحَفصُ بن عُمَرَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ سَلِمةَ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ بسارِقٍ فقَطَعَ يَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به فقَطَعَ رِجلَه، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ به فقالَ: أقطَعُ يَدَه؟ بأيِّ شَئٍ يَتَمَسَّحُ؟ وبِأيِّ شَئٍ يأكُلُ؟ ثمَّ قال: أقطَعُ رِجلَه؟ على أيِّ شَئٍ يَمشِي؟ إنِّي لأستَحيِي اللَّهَ. قال: ثُمَّ ضَرَبَه وخَلَّدَه السِّجنَ (^١).\nوأمَّا القَتلُ في الخامِسَةِ المَنقولُ في الخَبَرِ المَرفوعِ فقَد قال الشّافِعِيُّ: القَتلُ فيمَن أُقيمَ عَلَيه حَدٌّ في شَئٍ أربَعًا فأُتِيَ به الخامِسَةَ مَنسوخٌ. واستَدَلَّ عَلَيه بما هو مَنقولٌ في أبوابِ حَدِّ الشَّارِبِ (^٢)، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٧٣٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) الشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٢١٥، وينظر باب من أقيم عليه حدٌّ أربع مرات ثم عاد له (١٧٥٧٢ - ١٧٥٦٥).","vol":"17","page":348},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3679>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَعليقِ اليَدِ في عُنُقِ السّارِقِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ (^١) القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا نَصرُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بن عليٍّ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ قال: قُلتُ لِفَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ: أرأيتَ تَعليقَ يَدِ السّارِقِ في العُنُقِ أمِنَ السُّنَّةِ؟ قال: نَعَم، رأيتُ النَّبِيّ - ﷺ - قَطَعَ سارِقًا، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بيَدِه فعُلِّقَت في عُنُقِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَن، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بن أرطاةَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ قال: قُلتُ لِفَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وكانَ مِمَّن بايَعَ تَحتَ الشَّجَرَةِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِثلَه.\n\n١٧٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن مُقاتِلٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمدانُ بن عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيمٌ هو ابنُ حَمّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"بن يعقوب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٤٦)، وأبو داود (٤٤١١)، والترمذي (١٤٤٧)، والنسائي (٤٩٩٨)، وابن ماجة (٢٥٨٧) من طريق عمر بن علي به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وقال النسائي: الحجاج بن أرطاة ضعيف ولا يحتج بحديثه.","vol":"17","page":349},{"text":"عليٍّ، عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُحَيريزٍ قال: سألتُ فضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ عن تَعليقِ يَدِ السَّارِقِ في عُنُقِه فقالَ: سُنَّةٌ، قَد قَطَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدَ سارِقٍ وعَلَّقَ يَدَه في عُنُقِه. فقال نُعَيمٌ: سَمِعتُه مِن أبي بكرِ بنِ عليٍّ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ نُعَيمٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ: قال: عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: سُنَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُعَلَّقَ يَدُه في عُنُقِه. يَعنِي السَّارِقَ إذا قُطِعَت.\n\n١٧٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن بالُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن المَسعودِيِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قَطَعَ سارِقًا فمَرّوا به ويَدُه مُعَلَّقَة في عُنُقِهِ.\n\n١٧٣٥٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ زَيدانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصٌ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن القَاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه قال: رأيتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - أقَرَّ عِندَه سارِقٌ مَرَّتَين، فقَطَعَ يَدَه وعَلَّقَها في عُنُقِه، فكأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَى يَدِه تَضرِبُ صَدرَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٥٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٥٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٧٨٣، ١٨٧٨٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٤٥٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٧٠ من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"17","page":350},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3680>بابُ ما جاءَ في الإقرارِ بالسَّرِقَةِ والرُّجوعِ عنه</span>\nقال عَطاءٌ: إذا اعتَرَفَ مَرَّةً قُطِعَ.\n\n١٧٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن العباس، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ الدَّورَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بسارِقٍ سَرَقَ شَملَةً فقالوا: إنَّ هذا سَرَقَ. فَقالَ: \"لا إخالُه سَرَقَ\". فقالَ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللهِ قَد سَرَقتُ. قال: \"اذهَبوا به فاقطَعوه ثُمَّ احسِموه ثُمَّ ائتونِي به\". فأُتِيَ به فقالَ: \"تُبْ إلَى اللهِ\". قال: تُبتُ إلَى اللهِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"تابَ اللهُ عَلَيكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمّامٌ، عن إسحاقَ يَعنِي ابنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أبي (^٢) المُنذِرِ البَرّادِ (^٣)، عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصار، أن سارِقًا سَرَقَ مَتاعًا فأخَذوا مَعَه المَتاعَ فاعتَرَفَ، فأُتِيَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ لي: \"لا إخالُكَ سَرَقتَ\". قال: نَعَم. قالَها ثلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فأمَرَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُقطَعَ (^٤)، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٣٣٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"ابن\". وينظر المنفردات والوحدان (٨٢٨)، والكنى والأسماء للدولابى ٣/ ١٠٦٧.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"البزار\".\n(^٤) بعده في س: \"يده\".","vol":"17","page":351},{"text":"قُطِعَ قال: \"تُبْ إلَى اللهِ ﷿\". قال: أتوبُ إلَى اللهِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ تُبْ عَلَيه\" (^١).\nوروَاه حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ عن إسحاقَ وقالَ: عن أبي أُمَيَّةَ المَخزومِيِّ. وقالَ في مَتنِه: ولَم يوجَدْ مَعَه مَتاعٌ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن عُمَرَ أُتِيَ بسارِقٍ فقالَ: واللهِ ما سَرَقتُ قَطُّ قَبلَها. فقالَ: كَذَبتَ، ما كان اللهُ ليُسلِمَ عبدًا عِندَ أوَّلِ ذَنبِه. فقَطَعَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ بن عُتَيبَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي كَبشَةَ الأنمارِيِّ، عن أبي الدَّرداء، أنَّه أُتِيَ بجاريَةٍ سَوداءَ سَرَقَت فقالَ لها: سَرَقْتِ؟ قولِي: لا. فقالَت: لا. فخَلَّى عَنها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٠٦٢) وفيه: أبو المنذر البزار. وذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٣، وأبو داود عقب (٤٣٨٠) عن همام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥٠٨)، وأبو داود (٤٣٨٠)، والنسائي (٤٨٩٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٥٩٧) من طريق حماد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الزهد (٥٦) من طريق حماد وحميد عن ثابت به. دون لفظ: فقطعه.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٢٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٤٥)، والبغوي في الجعديات (١١٠٥) من طريق يزيد بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":352},{"text":"١٧٣٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: أُتِيَ أبو مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيُّ بامرأةٍ سَرَقَت جَمَلًا فقالَ: أسَرَقْتِ؟ قولِي: لا (^١).\nوعن سُفيانَ عن الأَعْمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: اطرُدوا المُعتَرِفينَ (^٢). قال سفيانُ: يَعنِي المُعتَرِفينَ بالحُدودِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3681>بابُ قَطعِ المَملوكِ بإِقرَارِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أنَّها قالَت: خَرَجَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ - إلَى مَكَّةَ ومَعَها مَولاتانِ ومَعَها غُلامٌ لِبَنِي [عبد اللَّهِ] (^٣) بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيق، فبَعَثَ مَعَ المَولاتَينِ ببُردٍ مَراجِلَ (^٤) قَد خيطَ عَلَيه خِرقَةٌ خَضراءُ. قالَت: فأخَذَ الغُلامُ البُرْدَ ففَتَقَ عنه واستَخرَجَه وجَعَلَ مَكانَه لِبْدًا أو فروَةً\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٢١) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٦٩) عن وكيع عن الأعمش عن إبراهيم قال: قال ... فذكر الأثر. ومكان النقط بياض في النسخ الخطية. وينظر تعليق المحقّق عليه.\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"عبد الرَّحمن\".\n(^٤) المراجل: ضرب من برود اليمن. تهذيب اللغة ١١/ ٢٥٦، والنهاية ٤/ ٣١٥.","vol":"17","page":353},{"text":"وخاطَ عَلَيه، فلَمَّا قَدِمَتا المَولاتانِ المَدينَةَ دَفَعَتا ذَلِكَ إلَى أهلِه، فلَمَّا فتَقوا عنه وجَدوا فيه اللِّبْدَ ولَم يَجِدوا البُردَ، فكَلَّموا المَولاتَين، فكَلَّمَتا عائشَةَ أو كَتَبَتا إلَيها واتَّهَمَتا العَبدَ، فسُئلَ العَبدُ عن ذَلِكَ فاعتَرَفَ، فأمَرَت به عائشَةُ فقُطِعَت يَدُه، وقالَت عائشَةُ - ﵂ -: القَطعُ في رُبُعِ دينارٍ فصاعِدًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3682>بابُ غُرْمِ السَّارِقِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"على اليَدِ ما أخَذَت حَتَّى تُؤَدّيَه\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٦٠ - وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّد، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٨٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٩، ١٥٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٥ ظ، ٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٣، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٩٤٥) مختصرًا، وعند النسائي: عن عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي بكر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٤٠٠)، والباغندى في أماليه (جمهرة الأجزاء الحديثية) (٢٢) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٥: سنده صالح. وتقدم في (١١٥٩٣، ١١٦٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٦١) عن مسدد. وأحمد (٢٠١٥٦)، والرويانى في مسنده (٧٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٦١).","vol":"17","page":354},{"text":"١٧٣٦١ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ قال. حَدَّثَنِي المُفَضَّلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن سَهلٍ اللَّبّادُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي المُفَضَّلُ بن فضالَةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِي المِسوَرُ بن إبراهيمَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الخَلالُ، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بن فَضالَةَ قاضِي مِصرَ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ الأيليُّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن المِسوَر، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَغْرَمُ السَّارِق إذا أُقِيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ\" (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي عبد اللَّهِ: \"لا يَغْرَمُ صاحِبُ السَّرِقَةِ\".\nفهَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فيه على المُفَضَّلِ؛ فرُوِيَ عنه هَكَذا، وروِيَ عنه عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سَعدٍ (^٢)، ورُوِيَ عنه عن يونُسَ عن سَعدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٢ من طريق سعيد بن عفير وعبد الله بن صالح به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٢٧٤) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. والنسائي (٤٩٩٩)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ١٨٢، ١٨٣ من طريق المفضل بن فضالة به. ولفظ الطبراني والنسائي: \"لا يغرم صاحب السرقة\". وقال النسائي: هذا مرسل وليس بثابت. وقال أبو حاتم: هذا حديث منكر، ومسور لَمْ يلق عبد الرَّحمن، هو مرسل أيضًا. العلل ٤/ ١٩٤. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٩٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٨٣ من طريق المفضل به.","vol":"17","page":355},{"text":"إبراهيمَ عن أخيه المِسوَرِ. فإِن كان سَعدٌ هذا ابنَ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، فلا نَعرِفُ [في التواريخِ] (^١) له أخًا مَعروفًا بالرِّوايَةِ يُقالُ له: المِسوَرُ، ولا يَثبُتُ لِلمِسوَرِ الذِي يُنسَبُ إلَيه سَعدُ بن محمدِ بنِ المِسوَرِ بنِ إبراهيمَ سَماعٌ مِن جَدِّه عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ - ﵁ - ولا رُؤيَةٌ، فهو مُنقَطِعٌ، وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عبد الرَّحمَنِ لَم يَثبُتْ له سَماعٌ مِن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، وإِنَّما يُقالُ: إنَّه رآه وماتَ أبوه في زَمَنِ عثمانَ - ﵁ -، فإِنَّما أدرَكَ أولادُه بعدَ مَوتِ أبيه عبد الرَّحمَنِ فلَم يَثبُتْ لَهُم عنه رِوايَةٌ ولا رُؤيَةٌ فهو مُنقَطِعٌ، وإِن كان غَيرَه فلا نَعرِفُه ولا نَعرِفُ أخاه، ولا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ مِن مالِ أخيه إلَّا ما طابَت به نَفسُه.\n\n١٧٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ الكَرابيسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجْد، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: هو ضامِنٌ لِلسَّرِقَةِ مَعَ قَطعِ يَدِهِ (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن حَمَّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ الله كان يقولُ: يَضمَنُ السَّرِقَةَ، استَهلَكَها أو لَم يَستَهلِكْها، وعَلَيه القَطعُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3683>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَضعيفِ الغَرامَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بالتواريخ\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٦٠٠) من طريق عمرو عن الحسن أنه كان يضمن السارق بعد ما يقطع.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف - ١٥١) من طريق حماد به نحوه. وينظر الصغرى للمصنف (٣٣٧٢).","vol":"17","page":356},{"text":"محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِثِ وهِشامُ بن سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاص، أن رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقال: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ تَرَى في حَريسَةِ الجَبَلِ؟ قال: \"هِيَ ومِثلُها والنَّكالُ، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الماشيَةِ قَطعٌ إلَّا فيما (^١) آوَاه المُراحُ وبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه قَطعُ اليَد، وما لَم يَبْلُغْ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه غَرامَةُ مِثلَيه وجَلَداتُ نَكالٍ\". قال: يا رسولَ الله، فكَيفَ تَرَى في الثَّمَرِ المُعَلَّقِ؟ قال: \"هو ومِثلُه مَعَه والنَّكال، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ المُعَلَّقِ قَطعٌ إلَّا ما آوَاه الجَرينُ، فما أُخِذَ مِنَ الجَرينِ فبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه القَطعُ، وما لَم يَبْلُغْ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ ففيه غَرامَة مِثلَيه وجَلَداتُ نَكالٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بن عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ قال: أصابَ غِلمانٌ لحاطِبِ بنِ أبي بَلتَعَةَ بالعاليَةِ ناقَةً لِرَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ فانتَحَروها واعتَرَفوا بها، فأرسَلَ إلَيه عُمَرُ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له وقال: هَؤُلاءِ أعبُدُكَ قَد سَرَقوا؛ انتَحَروا ناقَةَ رَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ واعتَرَفوا بها. فأمَرَ كَثيرَ بنَ الصَّلتِ أن يَقطَعَ أيديَهُم، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ بعدَما\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"ما\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٧١٦).","vol":"17","page":357},{"text":"ذَهَبَ فدَعاه وقالَ: لَولا أنِّي أظُنُّ أنَّكُم تُجيعونَهم حَتَّى إنَّ أحَدَهُم أتَى ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ ﷿ لَقَطَعتُ أيديَهُم، ولَكِنَّ واللهِ لَئن تَرَكتَهُم لأُغرِّمنَك فيهِم غَرامَةً توجِعُكَ. فقالَ: كَم ثَمَنُها؟ لِلمُزَنِيِّ. فقال: كُنتُ أمنَعُها مِن أربَعِمِائَةٍ. قال: فأعطِه ثَمانَمائَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3684>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على تَركِ تَضعيفِ الغَرامَةِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حَدَّثَنَا الشّافِعِيُ قال: لا تُضَعَّفُ الغَرامَةُ على أحَدٍ في شَئٍ، إنَّما العُقوبَةُ في الأبدانِ لا في الأموال، وإِنَّما تَرَكْنا تَضعيفَ الغَرامَةِ مِن قِبَلِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَضى فيما أفسَدَت ناقَةُ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ أن على أهلِ الأموالِ حِفظَها بالنَّهار، وما أفسَدَتِ المَواشِي باللَّيلِ فهو ضامِنٌ على أهلِها. قال: فإِنَّما يَضمَنونَه بالقيمَةِ لا بقيمَتَينِ. قال: ولا يُقبَلُ قَولُ المُدَّعِي، يَعنِي في مِقدارِ القيمَةِ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"البَيِّنَةُ على المُدَّعِي، واليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهْرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُحَيِّصةَ، أن ناقَةً للِبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ دَخَلَت حائطَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٧٤٨، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٣١، ومن طريقه المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٨٤)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٩٧٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب (٥٣٣٠) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٩٨. وسيأتي الحديث في (٢١٢٣٩ - ٢١٢٤١).","vol":"17","page":358},{"text":"رَجُلٍ فأفسَدَت فيه، فقَضى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن على أهلِ الحَوائطِ حِفظَها بالنَّهار، وأنَّ ما أفسَدَتِ المَواشِي باللَّيلِ ضامِنٌ على أهلِها (^١).\nوقَد ذَكَرنا شَواهِدَه في مَوضِعِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ٤ و، ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٧٤٧، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٩١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٤، ٥٧٨٥)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٣٢)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠٨) من طريق الزهري به. وعند أبي داود والنسائي في الموضع الثاني وابن حبان: عن حرام عن أبيه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤٧).\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٧٣٧ - ١٧٧٤١، ١٧٧٤٤، ١٧٧٤٥).","vol":"17","page":359},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3685>جِماعُ أبوابِ ما لا قَطعَ فيهِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3686>بابٌ: لا قَطعَ على المختَلِسِ ولا على المُنتَهِبِ ولا على الخائنِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ الغَزَّالُ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ الكَرِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ السَّبيعِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ الأنصاريِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على المُختَلِسِ ولا على المُنتَهِبِ ولا على الخائنِ قَطعٌ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ هو السَّجِسْتانِيُّ: هذا الحَديثُ لَم يَسمعْه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ مِن أبي الزُّبَير، وبَلَغَنِي عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّما سَمِعَه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ مِن ياسينَ الزَّيَّاتِ. قال أبو داودَ: وقَد رَوَاه المُغيرَةُ بن مسلمٍ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٦٧ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبابَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٣٧٥)، وفي المعرفة (٥١٨٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٩٣) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وأحمد (١٥٠٧٠)، والترمذي (١٤٤٨)، والنسائي (٤٩٨٧)، وابن ماجة (٢٥٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٦، ٤٤٥٧) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به، وقرن ابن حبان بأبى الزبير عمرو بن دينار. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٩٢)\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٤٣٩٣).","vol":"17","page":360},{"text":"عن المُغيرَةِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على المُختَلِسِ ولا على المُنتَهِب، ولا على الخائنِ قَطعٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، أخبرَنا فُضَيلٌ أبو مُعاذٍ، عن أبي حَريزٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: أيّوبُ بن بُرَيقَةَ. اختَلَسَ طَوْقًا مِن إنسانٍ، فرُفِعَ إلَى عَمَّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، فكَتَبَ فيه عَمَّارٌ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: إنَّ ذاكَ عادِي الظَّهيرَة، فأنْهِكْه عُقوبَةً (^٢)، ثُمَّ خَلِّ عنه ولا تَقطَعْه (^٣).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ الثَّورِيِّ عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ برَجُلٍ اختَلَسَ طَوْقًا مِن جاريَةٍ، فلَم يَرَ فيه قَطعًا، قال: تِلكَ عاديَةُ الظَّهيرَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٩٩٠) من طريق شبابة به. وفي الكبرى (٧٤٦٧) من طريق المغيرة به، وقال: المغيرة بن مسلم ليس بالقوى في أبي الزبير، وعنده غير حديث منكر.\n(^٢) أي: أبلغ في عقوبته. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥٩٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف - ٣١٠، ٣١١) من طريق فضيل به ولم يذكر الشّعبيّ في الموضع الأول، وفيه اسم السارق: \"أيوب بن ربقة\".\n(^٤) في ص ٨: \"الظهر\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف - ٣٢٣) من طريق حميد الطويل به. وبنظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٣٦، ٢٩١٣٧).","vol":"17","page":361},{"text":"عن سِماكٍ، عن ابنٍ لِعَبيدِ بنِ الأبرَصِ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - أُتِيَ برَجُلٍ اختَلَسَ مِن رَجُلٍ ثَوبَه، فقالَ المختَلِسُ: إنِّي كُنتُ أعرِفُه. فلَم يَقطَعْه عليٌّ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٧٣٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بن طاهِرٍ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عليِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الأنصارِيُّ، عن عَوفٍ، عن خِلاسٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان لا يَقطَعُ في الدَّغْرَةِ (^٢)، ويَقطَعُ في السَّرِقَةِ المُستَخفَى بها (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ أُتِيَ بإِنسانٍ قَدِ اختَلَسَ مَتاعًا فأرادَ قَطعَ يَدِه، فأرسَلَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ يَسألُه عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ زَيدٌ: لَيسَ في الخُلْسَةِ قَطعٌ. قال مالكٌ: الأمرُ عِندَنا أنَّه لَيسَ في الخُلْسَةِ قَطعٌ (^٤). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف - ٣١٧، ٣١٨) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٨٥١) من طريق سماك بنحوه.\n(^٢) الدَّغْرة: قيل هي الخُلسة. وهي من الدفع؛ لأنَّ المختلس يدفع نفسه عن الشيء. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٩، والفائق ١/ ٤٢٨.\n(^٣) حديث محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري (٥٨)، ووقع فيه: الدعوة. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرَّحمن بن عوف - ٣١٤) من طريق عوف به.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٨٦)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٠، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٥٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٣٣) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"17","page":362},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ مَنِ استَعارَ مَتاعًا فجَحَدَه، أو كانَت عِندَه وديعَة فجَحَدَها، لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه فيها قَطعٌ.\n\n١٧٣٧٢ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: وأمَّا الحَديثُ الذِي رُوِيَ في العاريَّةِ وهو ما: أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: كانَتِ امرأةٌ مَخزوميَّةٌ تَستَعيرُ المَتاعَ وتَجحَدُه، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بقَطعِ يَدِها. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في شَفاعَةِ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ وإِنكارِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وفِي آخِرِه قال: فقَطَعَ يَدَ المَخزوميَّةِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٢). كَذا قالَه مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ.\n\n١٧٣٧٣ - وكذلكَ أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ، عن اللَّيث، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: كان عُروَةُ يُحَدِّثُ، أن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: استَعارَتِ امرأةٌ يَعنِي حُليًّا على ألسِنَةِ أُناسٍ يُعرَفونَ ولا تُعرَفُ هِيَ، فباعَتْه وأُخِذَت، فأُتِيَ بها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فأمَرَ بقَطعِ يَدِها، وهِيَ التي تَشَفَّعَ فيها أُسامَةُ بن زَيدٍ، وقالَ فيها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ما قالَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٣٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٢٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٣٧٤). وتقدم في (١٧٢٤٠، ١٧٣١٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٨/ ١٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٣٩٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٩٦).","vol":"17","page":363},{"text":"وخالَفَه عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ عن يونُسَ فقالَ: عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن قُرَيشًا أهَمَّهُم شأنُ المَرأةِ التي سَرَقَت في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ الفَتحِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ. وقَد مَضى ذِكرُه (^١).\n\n١٧٣٧٤ - وكَذَلِكَ قالَه عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَكِ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، أن امرأةً سَرَقَت في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى قَولِه: ثُمَّ أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بتِلكَ المَرأةِ فقُطِعَت يَدُها، فحَسُنَتْ تَوبَتُها بعدَ ذَلِكَ وتَزَوَّجَت. قالَت عائشَةُ: فكانَت تأتينِي بعدَ ذَلِكَ فأرفَعُ حاجَتَها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ بذَلِكَ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه قالَه شَبيبٌ عن يونُسَ، إلَّا أنَّه أسنَدَ آخِرَه عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - في التَّوبَةِ.\nورَواه اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن قُرَيشًا أهَمَّهُم شأنُ المَرأةِ المَخزوميَّةِ التي سَرَقَت. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى قَولِه: \"وايمُ الله، لَو أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ سَرَقَت لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\". وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٧٥ - ورَوَاه أبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، أن امرأةً مِن بَنِي مَخزومٍ سَرَقَت،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٣١١).\n(^٢) خرجه النسائي (٤٩١٨) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به، وتقدم في (١٧٣١٠، ١٧٣١١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٣٧٣).","vol":"17","page":364},{"text":"فأُتِيَ بها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فعاذَت بأُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"واللهِ لَو كَانَت فَاطِمَةُ لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\". فقُطِعَت. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ أعيَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). روَاه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بن شبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٧٦ - ورَوَاه مَسعودُ بن الأسوَدِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال فيه: سُرِقَت قَطيفَةٌ مِن بَيتِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو زُرعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ طَلْحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشَةَ بنتِ مَسعودِ بنِ الأسوَد، عن أبيها مَسعودٍ قال: لما سَرَقَتِ المرأةُ تِلكَ القَطيفَةَ مِن بَيتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أعظَمْنا ذَلِكَ، وكانَتِ امرأةً مِن قُرَيشٍ، فجِئنا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فكَلَّمْناه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في عَرضِ الفِداءِ والشَّفاعَةِ والقَطعِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٢٤٦) من طريق سلمة بن شبيب به. والنسائي (٤٩٠٦) من طريق الحسن بن أعين به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٨٩/ ١١).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥١٨٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٨٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤١)، وعنه ابن ماجة (٢٥٤٨)، وفي الزوائد: في إسناده محمد بن إسحاق وهو مدلس. وأحمد (٢٣٤٧٩، ٢٦٧٩٢) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وعند المصنّف في المعرفة والحاكم وابن ماجة وابن =","vol":"17","page":365},{"text":"فأمّا رِوايَةُ اللَّيثِ عن يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ في العاريَّةِ، فإِنَّما روَاها أبو صالِحٍ عن اللَّيثِ، وخالَفَه ابنُ وهبٍ وابنُ المُبارَكِ، وروايتُهما أولَى بالصِّحَّةِ مِن رِوايَةِ أبى صالِحٍ. وأمّا رِوايَةُ مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فهِىَ مُنفَرِدَةٌ، والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ.\n\n١٧٣٧٧ - وقد روَاه مَعمَرٌ عن أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن امرأةً مَخزوميَّةً كانَت تَستَعيرُ المَتاعَ وتَجحَدُه، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بها فقُطِعَتْ يَدُها. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ ومَخلَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ المَعنَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: رَواه جوَيْريَةُ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أو عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، وروَاه ابنُ عَنَجٍ (^٢) عن نافِعٍ عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ أبى عُبَيدٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ العالِمُ أحمدُ ﵀: فالحَديثُ مُختَلَفٌ على نافِعٍ في إسنادِه، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ رِوايَةُ مَن روَى العاريَّةَ على تَعريفِها، والقَطعُ كان بسَببِ (^٤)\n_________\n= أبى شيبة: عن أمه عائشة عن أبيها. وعن أحمد في الموضعين: عن خالته أخت مسعود ابن العجماء أن أباها.\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٨٣)، والنسائي (٤٩٠٢) من طريق عبد الرزاق به، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٩٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"غنج\". بالغين المعجمة. وهو: محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن عنج. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٦١٨، ٣٤/ ٤٦٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٤٣٩٥)، وعنده: ابن غنج.\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"سبب\".","vol":"17","page":366},{"text":"سَرِقَتِها التي نُقِلَت في سائرِ الرِّواياتِ، فلا تَكونُ مُختَلِفَةً، ويَكونُ تَقديرُ الخَبَرِ: أن امرأةً مَخزوميَّةً كانَت تَستَعيرُ المَتاعَ وتَجحَدُه - كما رَواه مَعمَرٌ - سَرَقَت - كما رَواه غَيرُه - فقُطِعَت، يَعنِى بالسَّرِقَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3687>بابُ العَبدِ يَسرِقُ مِن مَتاعِ سَيِّدِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضْرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ، أن مَعقِلَ بنَ مُقَرِّنٍ سألَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: عبدِى سَرَقَ قَباءَ عَبدِى (^١). قال: مالُكَ سَرَقَ بَعضُه بَعضًا، لا قَطعَ عَلَيهِ.\nوهو قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3688>بابُ العَبدِ يَسرِقُ مِن مالِ امرأةِ سَيِّدِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"عندى\". وضبب عليها، والمثبت يوافق ما تقدم في (١٧١٧٤).\nوالأثر عند سعيد بن منصور (٤٧٤ - تفسير) من طريق حماد بنحوه، وليس فيه: عمرو بن شرحبيل. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٤٠) عن أبي معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (١٨٨٦٧) من طريق الأعمش عن إبراهيم أن معقل بن مقرن. وأخرجه أيضًا (١٨٨٦٨) من طريق حماد عن إبراهيم أن ابن مسعود سأله معقل بن مقرن. وتقدم في (١٧١٧٤).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٧٦).","vol":"17","page":367},{"text":"(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ الحَضرَمِىِّ جاءَ بغُلامٍ له إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ له: اقطَعْ يَدَ هذا فإِنَّه سَرَقَ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ماذا سَرَقَ؟ قال: سَرَقَ مِرآةً لا مرأتِى ثَمَنُها سِتّونَ دِرهَمًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أرسِلْه فلَيسَ عَلَيه قَطعٌ، خادِمُكُم سَرَقَ مَتاعَكُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3689>بابُ مَن سَرَقَ مِن بَيتِ المالِ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٧٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا مُغيرَةُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه كان يقولُ: لَيسَ على مَن سَرَقَ مِن بَيتِ المالِ قَطعٌ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن ابنِ عَبيدِ بنِ الأبرَصِ قال: شَهِدتُ عَليًّا - ﵁ - في الرَّحَبَةِ وهو يَقسِمُ خُمُسًا بَينَ النّاسِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٨٧)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٩، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٦٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٣٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٦٥٩) من طريق المغيرة بنحوه. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٧٢) من طريق المغيرة عن الشعبي من قوله لم يذكر عليًّا - ﵁ -.","vol":"17","page":368},{"text":"فسَرَقَ رَجُلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوْتَ مِغفَرَ حَديدٍ مِنَ المَتاعِ، فأُتِىَ به علىٌّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: لَيسَ عَلَيه قَطعٌ، هو خائنٌ ولَه نَصيبٌ (^١).\nوروَاه الثَّورِىُّ عن سِماكٍ عن دِثارِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ عَبيدِ بنِ الأبرَصِ قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - برَجُلٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: قال أبو يوسُفَ: أخبرَنا بَعضُ أشياخِنا، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن عبدًا مِن [رَقيقِ الخُمُسِ] (^٣) سَرَقَ مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فلَم يَقطَعْه وقالَ: \"مالُ اللَّهِ بَعضُه في بَعضٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٣٨٣ - وقَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ، أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا جُبارَةُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ تَميمٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عبدًا مِن رَقيقِ الخُمُسِ سَرَقَ مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فرُفِعَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَقطَعْه وقالَ: \"مالُ اللَّهِ سَرَقَ بَعضُه بَعضًا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٣٨) من طريق سماك بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٧١) عن الثوري به. وفيه: عن ابن عبيد بن الأبرص وهو زيد بن دثار.\n(^٣) في ص ٨: \"الحبش\"، وفى المعرفة للمصنف: \"الجيش\".\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٩٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٨٧٣) عن عبد اللَّه بن محرر عن ميمون.\nوقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٩: منقطع مرتين، وفيه مجهول. وسيأتي عقب (١٨٢٥٢).\n(^٥) أبو يعلى كما في الإتحاف (٤٧٠٧). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٩٠) عن جبارة به، وفى الزوائد: في =","vol":"17","page":369},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3690>بابُ قُطّاعِ الطَّريقِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ﴾ الآيَة [المائدة: ٣٣].\n\n١٧٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رَهطًا مِن عُكْلٍ وعُرَينَةَ أتَوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا أُناسٌ مِن أهلِ ضَرْعٍ، ولَم نكُنْ أهلَ ريفٍ، فاستَوخَمْنا المَدينَةَ (^١). فأمَرَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذَودٍ (^٢) وزادٍ، وأمَرَهُم أن يَخرُجوا فيها فيَشرَبوا مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها. فانطَلَقوا حَتَّى إذا كانوا في ناحيَةِ الحَرَّةِ قَتَلوا راعِىَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - واستاقوا الذَّودَ، وكَفَروا بعدَ إسلامِهِم، فبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في طَلَبِهِم، فأمَرَ بهِم فقَطَعَ أيديَهُم وأرجُلَهُم، وسَمَرَ (^٣) أعيُنَهُم، وتَرَكَهُم في ناحيَةِ الحَرَّةِ حَتَّى ماتوا وهُم كَذَلِكَ. قال قَتادَةُ: فذُكِرَ لَنا أنَّ هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت فيهِم؛ يَعنِى: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا﴾\n_________\n= إسناده جبارة وهو ضعيف. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤١٩ عن جبارة: ضعيف. وسيأتي في (١٨٢٥٢).\n(^١) أي: استثقلناها ولم يوافق هواؤها أبداننا. النهاية ٥/ ١٦٤. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٢) الذَّوْد: ثلاثة أبعرة إلى التسعة. وقيل: إلى العشرة. التاج ٨/ ٧٤ (ذ ود).\n(^٣) سمر: كحلها بالمسامير المحماة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٠.","vol":"17","page":370},{"text":"الآيَةَ. قال قَتادَةُ: وبَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يَحُثُّ في خُطبَتِه بعدَ ذَلِكَ على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثْلَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرٌو، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ - قال أحمدُ: يَعنِى ابنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن أُناسًا أغَارُوا على إبِلِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واستاقُوها، وارتَدّوا عن الإسلامِ، وقَتَلوا راعِىَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فبَعَثَ في آثارِهِم فأُخِذوا، فقَطَعَ أيديَهُم وأرجُلَهُم وسَمَلَ أعيُنَهُم (^٣). قال: ونَزَلَت فيهِم آيَةُ المُحارَبَةِ، وهم الذينَ أخبَر أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ عنهم الحَجّاجَ حينَ سألَه (^٤).\n\n١٧٣٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ السَّرْحِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٨٦، والصغرى (٣٣٩٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣٧، ١٣٤٤٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٤٩٥، ٧٥٢٠)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٧٢) من طريق ابن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٩٢، ٥٧٢٧)، ومسلم (١٦٧١/. . .).\n(^٣) سمل أعينهم: قيل: فقأها بالشوك. وقيل: هو أن يؤتى بحديدة محماة وتقرب من العين حتى يذهب نظرها. . . وقد يكون فقؤها بالمسمار وسملها به، كما فعل ذلك بالشوك. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٣٦٩). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٣٢٤٧) من طريق أحمد بن صالح به، وفيه: عبيد اللَّه بن عبد اللَّه. والنسائي (٤٠٥٢) من طريق ابن وهب به مختصرًا. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٧٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"17","page":371},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ عَجْلانَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لما قَطَعَ الذينَ سَرَقوا لِقاحَه وسَمَلَ أعيُنَهُم بالنّارِ، عاتَبَه اللَّهُ في ذَلِكَ، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا﴾ الآيَة (^١).\nقَولُ قَتادَةَ وأبِى الزِّنادِ وغَيرِهِما في نُزولِ الآيَةِ فيهِم مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٧٣٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِى ابنُ سيرينَ أنَّ هذا قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الحُدودُ (^٢). يَعنِى ما فُعِلَ بالعُرَنيّينَ.\n\n١٧٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرُويَه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشَةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ قَتلُ امرِئٍ مسلمٍ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ إلَّا في إحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ زانٍ بعدَ إحصانٍ، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ فقُتِلَ (^٣) به، ورَجُلٌ خَرَجَ مُحارِبًا للهِ ورسولِه، فيُقتَلُ أو يُصلَبُ أو يُنفَى مِنَ الأرضِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠٥٣) من طريق ابن السرح به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٣٨).\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٨١٠٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"يقتل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٥٣)، والنسائي (٤٠٥٩، ٤٧٥٧)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٨١ من طريق إبراهيم بن طهمان بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحح النسائي (٣٧٧٨).","vol":"17","page":372},{"text":"١٧٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، عن صالِحٍ مَولَى التَّوءمَةِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قُطّاعِ الطَّريقِ: إذا قَتَلوا وأخَذوا المالَ قُتِلوا وصُلِبوا، وإِذا قَتَلوا ولَم يأخُذوا المالَ قُتِلوا ولَم يُصلَبوا، وإِذا أخَذوا المالَ ولَم يَقتُلوا قُطِعَت أيديهِم وأرجُلُهُم مِن خِلافٍ، وإِذا أخافوا السَّبيلَ ولَم يأخُذوا مالًا نُفوا مِنَ الأرضِ (^١).\nولإِبراهيمَ بنِ أبي يَحيَى في هذا إسنادٌ آخَرُ.\n\n١٧٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن داودَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَزَلَت هذه الآيَة في المُحارِبِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾. إذا عَدا فقَطَعَ الطَّريقَ فقَتَلَ وأخَذَ المالَ صُلِبَ، فإِن قَتَلَ ولَم يأخُذْ مالًا قُتِلَ، فإِن أخَذَ المالَ ولَم يَقتُلْ قُطِعَ مِن خِلافٍ، فإِن هَرَبَ وأعجَزَهُم فذَلِكَ نَفيُه (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حدثنا أبى،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٩٣)، وفى المعرفة (٥١٩٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٥١، ١٥٢.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٨٥٤٤)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٣٨.","vol":"17","page":373},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ الآيَة. قال: إذا حارَبَ فقَتَلَ فعَلَيه القَتلُ إذا ظُهِرَ عَلَيه قبلَ تَوبَتِه، وإِذا حارَبَ وأخَذَ المالَ وقَتَلَ، فعَلَيه الصَّلبُ إن ظُهِرَ عَلَيه قبلَ تَوبَتِه، وإِذا حارَبَ وأخَذَ المالَ ولَم يَقتُلْ فعَلَيه قَطعُ اليَدِ والرِّجْلِ مِن خِلافٍ إن ظُهِرَ عَلَيه قبلَ تَوبَتِه، وإِذا حارَبَ وأخافَ السَّبيلَ فإِنَّما عَلَيه النَّفىُ، ونَفيُه أن يُطلَبَ (^١).\nوروَى عثمانُ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: إن أُخِذَ وقَد أصابَ المالَ ولَم يُصِبِ الدَّمَ قُطِعَتْ يَدُه ورِجلُه مِن خِلافٍ، وإِن وُجِدَ وقَد أصابَ الدَّمَ قُتِلَ وصُلِبَ.\n\n١٧٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ أنَّه قال في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا جَزَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا﴾ الآيَة. قال: حُدودٌ أربَعَةٌ أنزَلَها اللَّهُ؛ فأمّا مَن حارَبَ فسَفَكَ الدَّمَ وأخَذَ المالَ فإِنَّ عَلَيه الصَّلبَ، وأمّا مَن حارَبَ فسَفَكَ الدَّمَ ولَم يأخُذْ مالًا فعَلَيه القَتلُ، وأمّا مَن حارَبَ وأخَذَ المالَ ولَم يَسفِكْ دَمًا فإِنَّ عَلَيه النَّفىَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٣٧٣، ٣٨٤ من طريق محمد بن سعد به.\n(^٢) في س: \"القطع\". ولعله الصواب، ولكن هكذا وقع في بقية النسخ والمهذب ٧/ ٣٤٢٢، والمذكور هنا أيضًا ثلاثة حدود. وعند ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ٣٧٤ من طريق سعيد عن قتادة بعد الأول والثانى: من أصاب المال وكف عن الدم قُطع، ومن لم يصب شيئًا من هذا نُفى. فلعله سقط من هنا.","vol":"17","page":374},{"text":"ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن قَتادَةَ عن موَرِّقٍ (^١)، ورُوِّيناه عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: واختِلافُ حُدودِهِم باختِلافِ أفعالِهِم على ما قال ابنُ عباسٍ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3691>بابٌ: الرِّدءُ (^٤) لا يُقتَلُ</span>\n\n١٧٣٩٣ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امرِئٍ يَشهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنِّى رسولُ اللَّهِ إلَّا بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ؛ الثَّيِّبُ الزّانِى، والنَّفسُ بالنَّفسِ، والتّارِكُ لِدينِه المُفارِقُ لِلجَماعَةِ\" (^٥).\nرَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ،\nوأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٦).\n\n١٧٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٣٩).\n(^٢) مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٥٤٣)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٥٠٣، ٣٣٣٣٨) عن سعيد، وسيأتي في (١٧٣٩٥). ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٥٠٢) عن إبراهيم النخعى.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٦/ ١٥٢.\n(^٤) الرِّدْء: المعين والناصر. النهاية ٢/ ٢١٣.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٠٦).\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٨٧٨)، ومسلم (١٦٧٦/ ٢٥).","vol":"17","page":375},{"text":"المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، أن عامِلًا لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ أخَذَ أُناسًا في حِرابَةٍ ولَم يَقَتُلوا، فأرادَ (^١) أن يَقتُلَ أو يَقطَعَ، فكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ في ذَلِكَ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: أن لَو أخَذتَ بأيسَرِ ذَلِكَ؟ (^٢).\nوروَاه ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، فقالَ في هذه القِصَّةِ: إنَّه قَتَلَ أحَدَهُم. وقالَ في جَوابِه: فهَلَّا إذ تأوَّلتَ عَلَيهِم هذه الآيَةَ، ورأيتَ أنَّهُم أهلُها أخَذتَ بأيسَرِ ذَلِكَ. وأنكَرَ القَتلَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3692>بابُ المُحارِبِ يَتوبُ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٣٤].\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ حِكايَةً عن بَعضِ أصحابِه قال: كُلُّ ما كان للَّهِ مِن حَدٍّ يَسقُطُ بتَوبَتِه، وكُلُّ ما كان لِلآدَميّينَ لَم يَبطُلْ. قال: وبِهَذا أقولُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حُدِّثتُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: مَن حارَبَ فهو مُحارِبٌ. قال سعيدٌ: فإِن أصابَ دَمًا قُتِلَ، وإِن أصابَ دَمًا ومالًا صُلِبَ؛ فإِنَّ الصَّلبَ أشَدُّ، وإِذا أصابَ مالًا ولَم يُصِبْ دَمًا قُطِعَت يَدُه\n_________\n(^١) من هنا خرم في المخطوطة \"س\" وينتهى عقب الحديث (١٧٦١٤).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٨ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٣٦.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٦/ ١٥٤ بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":376},{"text":"ورِجلُه؛ لِقَولِه: ﴿أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ﴾. فإِن تابَ فتَوبَتُه بَينَه وبَينَ اللَّهِ، ويُقامُ عَلَيه الحَدُّ (^١).\n\n١٧٣٩٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه في الرَّجُلِ يُصيبُ الحُدودَ ثُمَّ يَجِئُ تائبًا، قال: تُقامُ عَلَيه الحُدودُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٣٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ في الرَّجُلِ إذا قَطَعَ الطَّريقَ وأغارَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ تائبًا: أُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ، وتَوبَتُه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ رَبِّهِ (^٣).\nوروِىَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - في قَبولِ تَوبَةِ المُحارِبِ بخِلافِ قَولِ هَؤُلاءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٤).\n\n١٧٣٩٨ - وأنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى أبا عمرٍو الحِيرِىَّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سَوّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن عثمانَ استَخلَفَ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ، فلَمّا صَلَّى الفَجرَ جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن مُرادٍ فقالَ: هذا مَقامُ العائذِ التّائبِ، أنا فُلانُ بنُ فُلانٍ ممَّنْ حارَبَ اللَّهَ ورسولَه،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٣٩٢).\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٢٧).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٣٠).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٣٢، ٣٣٣٣٣)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٣٩٣، ٣٩٤، والإشراف في منازل الأشراف لابن أبي الدنيا (٤٠٩)، وتاريخ دمشق ١١/ ٣٨٩، ٣٩٠.","vol":"17","page":377},{"text":"جِئتُ تائبًا مِن قَبلِ أن تَقدِروا علىَّ. فقالَ أبو موسَى: جاءَ تائبًا مِن قَبلِ أن تَقدِروا عَلَيه فلا يُعرَضُ إلَّا بخَيرٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3693>بابُ مَن قال: يَسقُطُ كُلُّ حَقٍّ للهِ تَعالَى بالتَّوبَةِ</span>\nقياسًا على آيَةِ المُحارَبَةِ، واستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٧٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وعَبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أسباطِ بنِ نَصْرٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ، زَعَمَ أن امرأةً وقَعَ عَلَيها رَجُلٌ في سَوادِ الصُّبحِ وهِىَ تَعمِدُ إلَى المَسجِدِ، فاستَغاثَت برَجُلٍ مَرَّ عَلَيها وفَرَّ صاحِبُها، ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَيها قَومٌ ذو عِدَّةٍ فاستَغاثَت بهِم، فأدرَكوا الَّذِى استَغاثَتْ به، وسَبَقَهُمُ الآخَرُ فذَهَبَ، فجاءوا به يَقودونَه إلَيها، فقالَ: إنَّما أنا الذِى أغَثتُكِ وقَد ذَهَبَ الآخَرُ. فأتَوا به رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأخبَرَتْه أنه وقَعَ عَلَيها، وأخبَرَه القَومُ أنَّهُم أدرَكوه يَشتَدُّ، فقالَ: إنَّما كُنتُ أُغيثُها (^٢) على صاحِبِها فأدرَكونِى هَؤُلاءِ فأخَذونِى. قالَت: كَذَبَ، هو الذِى وقَعَ عَلَىَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اذهَبوا به فارجُموه\". قال: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النّاسِ فقالَ: لا تَرجُموه وارجُمونِى؛ أنا الَّذِى فعَلتُ بها الفِعلَ. فاعتَرَفَ، فاجتَمَعَ ثَلاثَةٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -؛ الذِى وقَعَ عَلَيها، والذِى أجابَها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٣٣٤) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"أخذتها\".","vol":"17","page":378},{"text":"والمَرأةُ، فقالَ: \"أمّا أنتِ فقَد غُفِرَ لَكِ\". وقالَ لِلَّذِى أجابَها قَولًا حَسَنًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ارْجُمِ الذِى اعتَرَفَ بالزِّنى. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا؛ إنَّه قَد تابَ إلَى اللَّهِ\". أحسِبُه قال: \"تَوبَةً لَو تابَها أهلُ المَدينَةِ - أو: أهلُ يَثرِبَ - لَقُبِلَ مِنهُم\". فأرسَلَهُم (^١).\nورَواه إسرائيلُ عن سِماكٍ وقالَ فيه: فأتَوا به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا أمَرَ به قامَ صاحِبُها الَّذِى وقَعَ عَلَيها. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\nفعَلَى هذه الرِّوايَةِ يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما أمَرَ بتَعزيرِه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّهُم شَهِدوا عَلَيه بالزِّنى وأخطَئوا في ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قامَ صاحِبُها فاعتَرَفَ بالزِّنى، وقَد وُجِدَ مِثلُ اعتِرافِه مِن ماعِزٍ والجُهَنيَّةِ والغامِديَّةِ ولَم يُسقِطْ حُدودَهُم، وأحاديثُهُم أكثَرُ وأشهَرُ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٣٩٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٣١١)، وابن الجارود (٨٢٣)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ١٥، ١٦ (١٨) من طريق أسباط بن نصر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٢٤٠)، وأبو داود (٤٣٧٩)، والترمذي (١٤٥٤) من طريق إسرائيل به. وليس عندهم قول عمر. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب صحيح. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٢٣: هو حديث منكر، حاشا رسول اللَّه ﷺ من أن يقول: \"ارجموه\". بمجرد قولها: كذب، هو الذي وقع علىَّ. فهو خطأ بيقين.","vol":"17","page":379},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3694>كتابُ الأشربةِ والحدِّ فِيها </span>(^١)\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3695>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَحريمِ الخَمرِ</span>\n\n١٧٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ بنِ (^٢) خالِدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ موسَى الخُتَّلِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرٍو، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: لما نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنا في الخَمرِ بَيانَ شِفاءٍ. فنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ التي في \"البقرة\": ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٩]. قال: فدُعِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقُرِئَت عَلَيه. قال: اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنا في الخَمرِ بَيانَ شِفاءٍ. فنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ التي في \"النساء\": ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى﴾ [النساء: ٤٣]. فكانَ مُنادِى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا أُقيمَتِ الصَّلاةُ يُنادِى: أن لا يَقرَبَنَّ الصَّلاةَ سَكرانُ. فدُعِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقُرِئَت عَلَيه فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنا في الخَمرِ بَيانَ شِفاءٍ. فنَزَلَتْ هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩١]. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: انتَهَينا. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ.\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"فيه\".\n(^٢) في م: \"عن\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٤٨، ٥٢.","vol":"17","page":381},{"text":"وفِي رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ قال: عن أبي مَيسَرَةَ وهو عمرُو بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، وقالَ: بَيانًا شافيًا. وقالَ: فنَزَلَتِ التي في \"المائدَةِ\"، فدُعِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فقُرِئَت عَلَيه، فلَمّا بَلَغَ: ﴿فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ﴾ قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: قَدِ انتَهَينا. والباقِى بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٧٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المروَزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحْوِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى﴾ و﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ﴾: نَسَخَتْها في \"المائدَةِ\": ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ الآيَة (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: نَزَلَت فىَّ أربَعُ آياتٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وصَنَعَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ طَعامًا فدَعانا، فشَرِبْنا الخَمرَ قبلَ أن تُحَرَّمَ، حَتَّى انتَشَينا فتَفاخَرنا؛ فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: نَحنُ أفضَلُ. وقالَت قُرَيشٌ: نَحنُ أفضَلُ. فأخَذَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ لَحْىَ جَزورٍ فضَرَبَ به\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٨، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٥٥٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وأحمد (٣٧٨)، والترمذي (٣٠٤٩) من طريق إسرائيل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١١٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٧٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٠٦) من طريق عكرمة به. وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١١٩).","vol":"17","page":382},{"text":"أنفَ سَعدٍ ففَزَرَه (^١)، وكانَ أنفُ سَعدٍ مَفزورًا، فنَزَلَت آيَةُ الخَمرِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ﴾ (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيحِ\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ بنُ كُلثومٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّما نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ في قَبيلَتَينِ مِن قَبائلِ الأنصارِ شَرِبوا، فلَمّا أن ثَمِلَ القَومُ عَبَثَ بَعضُهُم ببَعضٍ، فلَمّا أن صَحَوا جَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَرَى الأثَرَ بوَجهِه ورأسِه ولِحيَتِه فيَقولُ: صَنَعَ بى هذا أخِى فُلانٌ - وكانوا إخوَةً لَيسَ في قُلوبِهِم ضَغائنُ - واللَّهِ لَو كان بى رَءوفًا رَحيمًا ما صَنَعَ هذا بى. حَتَّى وقَعَتِ الضَّغائنُ في قُلوبِهِم، فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (٩٠) إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ﴾. فقالَ ناسٌ مِنَ المُتَكَلِّفينَ: هِىَ رِجْسٌ، وهِىَ في بَطنِ فُلانٍ قُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ. فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبحانَه هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى\n_________\n(^١) فزرت أنف فلان فزرا: أي ضربته بشيء فشققته، فهو مفزور الأنف. التاج ١٣/ ٣٢٠ (ف ز ر)، وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٧)، والترمذي (٣١٨٩)، وابن حبان (٦٩٩٢) من طريق شعبة به، وعند أحمد من مسند مصعب بن سعد، وعند الترمذي مختصر دون موضع الشاهد. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٦٩٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٤٨/ ٤٤) مختصرًا.","vol":"17","page":383},{"text":"الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَأَحْسَنُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ (^١) [المائدة: ٩٣].\n\n١٧٤٠٤ - أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىِّ: أخبَرَكُم أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كُنتُ ساقِىَ القَومِ يَومَ حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ في بَيتِ أبى طَلحَةَ، وما شَرابُهُم إلا الفَضيخُ (^٢)؛ البُسرُ والتَّمرُ، فإِذا مُنادِى يُنادِى قال: اخرُجْ فانظُرْ. فخَرَجتُ فإِذا مُنادِى يُنادِى: ألا إنَّ الخَمرَ قَد حُرِّمَت. قال: فجَرَت في سِكَكِ المَدينَةِ. قال: فقالَ لِى أبو طَلحَةَ: اخرُجْ فأهْرِقْها. فأهْرَقتُها، فقالوا، أو قال بَعضُهُم: قُتِلَ فُلانٌ وقُتِلَ فُلان وهِىَ في بُطونِهِم - قال: فلا أدرِى هو في حَديثِ أنَسٍ - فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٤٥٩) من طريق على بن عبد العزيز به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١٥١) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. والحاكم ٤/ ١٤١ من طريق ربيعة بن كلثوم به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ١٨: رواه الطبراني ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) الفضيخ: هو البسر يشدخ ويفضخ ويلقى عليه الماء لتسرع شدته. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٠.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٣٣٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٧٦)، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٣) مختصرًا، والدارمى (٢٠٨٩) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"17","page":384},{"text":"مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمّادٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنتُ أسقِى أبا عُبَيدَةَ وأبا طَلحَةَ وأُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ شَرابًا مِن فضيخٍ وتَمرٍ، فأتاهُم آتٍ فقالَ: إنَّ الخَمرَ قَد حُرِّمَت. فقالَ أبو طَلحَةَ: يا أنَسُ قُمْ إلَى هذه الجِرارِ فاكسِرْها. فقُمتُ إلَى مِهراسٍ لَنا فضرَبتُها بأسفَلِه حَتَّى تَكَسَّرَت (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعْرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فجاءَهُم آتٍ. روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الدَّيْرَعاقولِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٨٠/ ٣)، والبخاري (٢٤٦٤، ٤٦٢٠).\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٤٢)، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٦، ٨٤٧، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٦٤). وتقدم في (١١٦٦٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٨٢)، ومسلم (١٩٨٠/ ٩).","vol":"17","page":385},{"text":"الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ أُسرِىَ به بإيلِيَا بقَدَحَينِ مِن خَمرٍ ولَبَنٍ، فنَظَرَ إلَيهِما ثُمَّ أخَذَ اللَّبَنَ، فقالَ جِبريلُ ﵇: الحَمدُ للهِ الذِى هَداكَ للفطْرةِ، ولو أخَذتَ الخَمرَ غَوَت أُمَّتُك (^١). روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: بَلَغَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أن رَجُلًا باعَ خَمرًا فقالَ: قاتَلَ اللَّهُ فُلانًا باعَ الخَمرَ! أما عَلِمَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"قاتَلَ اللَّهُ اليَهودَ؛ حُرِّمَت عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومُ فجَمَلوها فبَاعوها\" (^٣)؟ أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤)، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ البُيوعِ أخبارٌ سِوَى ما ذَكَرنا في تَحريمِ بَيعِها.\n\n١٧٤٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٨٩، ١٠٦٤٧)، والبخاري (٣٣٩٤، ٣٤٣٧، ٤٧٠٩)، ومسلم (١٦٨/ ٢٧٢)، ٣/ ١٥٩٢ (١٦٨/ ٩٢)، والترمذي (٣١٣٠)، والنسائي (٥٦٧٣)، وابن حبان (٥١، ٥٢) من طريق الزهري به مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٧٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٩٦) بزيادة أبى سعيد شيخ المصنف، وليس فيه: عن ابن عباس. وهو بذكر ابن عباس في طبعة قلعجى (١٧٢٩١). والشافعي ٦/ ١٧٩. وتقدم في (١١١٤٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٢٢٣، ٣٤٦٠)، ومسلم (١٥٨٢/ ٧٢).","vol":"17","page":386},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالك، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رِجالًا مِن أهلِ العِراقِ قالوا له: إنّا نَبتاعُ مِن ثَمَرِ النَّخلِ والعِنَبِ فنَعصِرُه خَمرًا فنَبيعُها. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنِّي أُشهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيكُم ومَلائكَتَه ومَن سَمِعَ مِنَ الجِنِّ والإِنسِ أنِّى لا آمُرُكُم أن تَبيعوها ولا تَبتاعوها ولا تَعصِروها ولا تُسقوها؛ فإِنَّها رِجسٌ مِن عَمَلِ الشَّيطانِ (^١).\n\n١٧٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ شُرَيحٍ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ يَزيدَ الخَولانِىِّ أخبَرَه أنَّه كان له عَمٌّ يَبيعُ الخَمرَ وكانَ يَتَصَدَّقُ، فنَهَيتُه عَنها فلَم يَنتَهِ، فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فلَقيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فسألتُه عن الخَمرِ وثَمَنِها، فقالَ: هِىَ حَرامٌ وثَمَنُها حَرامٌ. ثُمَّ قال: يا مَعشَرَ أُمَّةِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -، إنَّه لَو كان كِتابٌ بعدَ كِتابِكُم، ونَبِىٌّ بعدَ نَبيِّكُم، لأنزَلَ فيكُم كما أنزَلَ فيمَن قبلكم، ولا أُخِّرَ ذَلِكَ مِن أمرِكُم إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، ولعَمرِى لَهو أشَدُّ عَلَيكُم. قال ثابِتٌ: ثُمَّ لَقيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فسألتُه عن ثَمَنِ الخَمرِ؟ فقالَ: سأخبِرُكَ عن الخَمرِ؛ إنِّي كُنتُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ، فبَينا هو مُحتَبٍ حَلَّ حُبوَتَه ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن كان عِندَه مِن هذه الخَمرِ شَئٌ فليأْتِ بها\". فجَعَلوا يأتونَه فيَقولُ أحَدُهُم: عِندِى راويَةٌ (^٢). ويَقولُ الآخَرُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٩٧)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٨.\n(^٢) الراوية: القربة الكبيرة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٣.","vol":"17","page":387},{"text":"عِندِى زِقٌّ (^١). أو ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَكونَ عِندَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اجمَعوا ببَقيعِ كَذا وكَذا ثُمَّ آذِنونِى\". ففَعَلوا ثُمَّ أتَوه، فقامَ وقُمتُ مَعَه، فمَشَيتُ عن يَمينِه وهو مُتَّكِئٌ علىَّ، فلَحِقَنا أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -، فأخَّرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجَعَلَنِى عن شِمالِه وجَعَلَ أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - مَكانِى، ثُمَّ لَحِقَنا عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، فأخَّرَنِى وجَعَلَه عن يَسارِه فمَشَى بَينَهُما، حَتَّى إذا وقَفَ على الخَمرِ فقالَ لِلنّاسِ: \"أتَعرِفونَ هَذِهِ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هذه الخَمرُ. فقالَ: \"صَدَقتُم\". قال: \"فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَنَ الخَمرَ، وعاصِرَها، ومُعتَصِرَها، وشارِبَها، وساقيَها، وحامِلَها، والمَحمولَةَ إلَيه، وبائعَها، ومُشتَريَها، وآكِلَ ثَمَنِها\". ثُمَّ دَعا بسِكّينٍ فقالَ: \"اشحَذوها\". ففَعَلوا، ثُمَّ أخَذَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُقُ بها الزِّقاقَ، فقالَ النّاسُ: إنَّ في هذه الزِّقاقِ مَنفَعَةً. قال: \"أجَل، ولَكِنِّى إنَّما أفعَلُ ذَلِكَ غَضَبًا للهِ ﷿؛ لِما فيها مِن سَخَطِه\". قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أنا أكفيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"لا\". قالَ ابنُ وهبٍ: وبَعضُهُم يَزيدُ على بَعضٍ في قِصَّةِ الحَديثِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤١١ - قال: وأخبَرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، أن أبا طُعمَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵄ - يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الزق: السقاء ينقل فيه الماء، وقال الليث: الزق من الأُهُب: كل وعاء اتخذ للشراب وغيره. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيدة ٣/ ٢٥٦، والتاج ٢٥/ ٤٠٨ (ز ق ق).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥٥٨٤) مختصرًا جدًّا، وابن وهب (٥٤)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٣٤٢)، والطبراني (١٢٩٧٧)، وليس عند الطحاوي ذكر لقيه لابن عباس، وليس عند الطبراني ذكر لقيه لابن عمر. وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ١٤٤، ١٤٥ عن أبي العباس بإسناده عن عبد الرحمن بن شريح أنه كان له عم يبيع الخمر. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٧٣: رواه الطبراني وفيه خالد بن يزيد لم أعرفه، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٥٥)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٣٤٣).","vol":"17","page":388},{"text":"١٧٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى، عن أبي طُعمَةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لُعِنَتِ الخَمرُ، وشارِبُها، وساقيها، وعاصِرُها، ومُعتَصِرُها، وحامِلُها، والمَحمولَةُ إلَيه، ومُبتاعُها، وآكِلُ الثَّمَنِ (^١) \".\n\n١٧٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ في الدُّنيا ثُمَّ لَم يَتُبْ مِنها حُرِمَها في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٤١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاق، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ التَّوبَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٧٤١٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ثمنها\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٩٠) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وتقدم في (١٠٨٨١، ١١١٥٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥١٩٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٧٩، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٦٩٠)، والنسائي (٥٦٨٧)، والدارمى (٢٠٩٠). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٧٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٤٥، ٦٠٤٦)، والترمذي (١٨٦١)، والنسائي (٥٦٩٠) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٧٥) بذكر التوبة، ومسلم (٢٠٠٣/ ٧٦).","vol":"17","page":389},{"text":"أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قِراءَةً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ سُكْرًا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً فكأنَّما كانَت له الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها فسُلِبَها، ومَن تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ سُكْرًا أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أن يَسقيَه مِن طينَةِ الخَبالِ\". قيلَ: وما طينَةُ الخَبالِ؟ قال: \"عُصارَةُ أهلِ جَهَنَّمَ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أن أباه قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: اجتَنِبوا الخَمرَ فإِنَّها أُمُّ الخَبائثِ، إنَّه كان رَجُلٌ ممَّن خَلا قَبلَكُم يَتَعَبَّدُ ويَعتَزِلُ الناسَ، فعَلِقَته امرأةٌ غَويَّةٌ فأرسَلَت إلَيه جاريَتَها فقالَت: إنا نَدعوكَ لِشَهادَةٍ. فدَخَلَ مَعَها، فطَفِقَت كُلَّما دَخَلَ بابًا أغلَقَته دونَه، حَتَّى أفضَى إلَى امرأةٍ وضيئَةٍ عِندَها غُلامٌ وباطيَةُ (^٢) خَمرٍ، فقالَت: إنِّي واللَّهِ ما دَعَوْتُكَ لِشَهادَةٍ، ولَكِنِّى دَعَوْتُكَ لِتَقَعَ علىَّ، أو تَقتُلَ هذا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٥٠).\n(^٢) الباطية: إناء، قيل: هو معرب. وقال الأزهري: الباطية من الزجاج عظيمة تملأ من الشراب وتوضع بين الشرب يغرفون منها ويشربون. ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٤/ ٤٢٨، وتاج العروس ٣٧/ ١٧٤ (ب ط ى).","vol":"17","page":390},{"text":"الغُلامَ، أو تَشرَبَ هذا الخَمرَ. فسَقَته كأسًا فقالَ: زيدونِى. فلَم يَرِمْ (^١) حَتَّى وقَعَ عَلَيها وقَتَلَ النَّفسَ، فاجتَنِبوا الخَمرَ؛ فإِنَّها لا تَجتَمِعُ هِىَ والإيمانُ أبَدًا إلَّا أوشَكَ أحَدُهُما أن يُخرِجَ صاحِبَه (^٢).\n\n١٧٤١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ قال: قال عثمانُ - ﵁ -: إيّاكُم والخَمرَ فإِنَّها مِفتاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ؛ أُتِىَ رَجُلٌ فقيلَ له: إمّا أن تُخَرِّقَ هذا الكِتابَ، وإِمّا أن تَقتُلَ هذا الصَّبِىَّ، وإِمّا أن تَقَعَ على هذه المرأةِ، وإِمّا أن تَشرَبَ هذا الكأسَ، وإِمّا أن تَسجُدَ لِلصَّليبِ. فلَم يَرَ فيها شَيئًا أهوَنَ مِن شُرْبِ الكأسِ، فلَمّا شَرِبَها سَجَدَ لِلصَّليبِ، وقَتَلَ الصَّبِىَّ، ووَقَعَ على المَرأةِ، وخَرَّقَ الكِتابَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3696>بابُ التَّشديدِ على مُدمِنِ الخَمرِ</span>\n\n١٧٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) فلم يَرِمْ: أي: فلم يبرح، يقال: رام يريم. إذا برح وزال من مكانه، وأكثر ما يستعمل في النفى. النهاية ٢/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) ابن وهب (٧٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٨٢، ٥٦٨٣)، وابن حبان (٥٣٤٨) من طريق الزهري به. وعند ابن حبان رفعه إلى النبي - ﷺ -. وقال الدارقطني في العلل ٣/ ٤١: والموقوف هو الصواب. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٣٦، ٥٢٣٧): صحيح موقوف.\n(^٣) جزء سعدان بن نصر (١٧). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٢٣ - تفسير) عن سفيان به بنحوه. وسيأتي في (١٩٧١٠).","vol":"17","page":391},{"text":"يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، ومَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ في الدُّنيا فماتَ وهو يُدمِنُها لَم يَتُبْ مِنها، لَم يَشرَبْها في الآخِرَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلَاثَةٌ لا يَنظُرُ اللَّهُ إلَيهِم يَومَ القيامَةِ؛ العاقُّ لِوالِدَيه، ومُدمِنُ (^٣) الخَمرِ، والمَنّانُ بما أعطَى\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٢٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ مَنّانٌ، ولا عاقٌّ، ولا مُدمِنٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٧٣٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٩)، والترمذي (١٨٦١)، والنسائي (٥٥٩٨ - ٥٦٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥٣٦٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٠٣/ ٧٣).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل، ص ٨: \"المدمن\".\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٦٧)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٧٣٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٨٠)، والنسائي (٢٥٦١) من طريق عمر بن محمد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٤٠٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٤٩٢٠) من طريق يزيد به.","vol":"17","page":392},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3697>بابُ التَّشديدِ على مَن سَقَى صَبيًّا خَمرًا</span>\n\n١٧٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عُمَرَ الصَّنعانِىُّ (^١) قال: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ يقولُ: عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُخَمِّرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، ومَن شرِبَ مُسكِرًا بُخِسَت صَلاتُه أربَعينَ صَباحًا؛ فإِن تابَ تابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه، فإِن عادَ الرّابِعَةَ كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أن يَسقيَه مِن طينَةِ الخَبالِ\". قيلَ: وما طينَةُ الخَبالِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"صَديدُ أهلِ النّارِ، ومَن سَقاه صَغيرًا لا يَعرِفُ حَلالَه مِن حَرامِه كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أن يَسقيَه مِن طينَةِ الخَبالِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3698>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَفسيرِ الخَمرِ التي نَزَلَ تَحريمُها</span>\n\n١٧٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي حَيّانَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ وهِىَ مِن خَمسٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨: \"الصغانى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦٨٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٢٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤١٣)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٠٤٩) بأطول من هذا.","vol":"17","page":393},{"text":"أبى حَيّانَ التَّيمِىِّ قال: حدثنا عامِرٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قامَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - خَطيبًا على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ فإِنَّ الخَمرَ نَزَلَ تَحريمُها يَومَ نَزَلَ وهِىَ مِن خَمسَةٍ؛ مِنَ العِنَبِ، والتَّمرِ، والعَسَلِ، والحِنطَةِ، والشَّعيرِ، والخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ (^١)، وفِي رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ: الزَّبيبُ. بَدَلَ: العِنَبِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه حَمّادٌ عن أبى حَيّانَ (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ قالَه ابنُ أبي السَّفَرِ عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥)، وأشارَ إلَى رِوايَةِ حَمّادٍ (^٦)، وذَكَرَ رِوايَةَ ابنِ أبى السَّفَرِ (^٧).\n\n١٧٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ البِسطامِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ حَيّانَ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ خَلادٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو حَيّانَ التَّيمِىُّ، وهَذا حَديثُ أبى يَعلَى، حدثنا عامِرٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وقالَ الحَسَنُ: حدثنا الشَّعبِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار في مسنده (١٧٧)، وأبو عوانة (٧٩٤٩)، والمصنف في الصغرى (٣٤١١) من طريق يحيى القطان به. وتقدم في (١٢٥٤٠).\n(^٢) هو المتقدم عند عبد الرزاق.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٤١٣) عن حماد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٧٨٤) من طريق ابن أبي السفر به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٥٨١).\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٥٨٨).\n(^٧) البخاري (٥٥٨٩).","vol":"17","page":394},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -. وقالَ أبو يَعلَى: عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه قامَ خَطيبًا على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ، ألا وإِنَّ الخَمرَ نَزَلَ تَحريمُها يَومَ نَزَلَ وهِىَ مِن خَمسَةٍ؛ مِنَ العِنَبِ، والتَّمرِ، والبُرِّ، والشَّعيرِ، والعَسَلِ، والخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ، وثَلاثٌ أيُّها النّاسُ ودِدتُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يُفارِقْنا حَتَّى يَعهَدَ إلَينا فيها عَهدًا نَنتَهِى إلَيه؛ الجَدُّ، والكَلالَةُ، وأبوابٌ مِن أبوابِ الرِّبا. فقُلتُ: ما تَرَى في السّادِسَةِ (^١) تُصنَعُ بالسِّندِ تُدعَى (^٢) الجاهِلَ، يَشرَبُ الرَّجُلُ مِنه الشَّربَةَ فتَصرَعُه (^٣)، يُصنَعُ مِنَ الأُرْزِ؟ قال: لَم يَكُنْ هذا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَو كان لَنَهَى عنه، ألا تَرَى أنَّه قَد عَمَّ الأشرِبَةَ كُلَّها فقالَ: \"الخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ\"؟! قال أبو بكرٍ: فيه دِلالَةٌ على أن قَولَه: \"والخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ\". مِن قَولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ أبي رَجاءٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: ولَو كان لَنَهَى عنه. إلَى آخِرِه؛ فإِنَّه ممّا قيلَ لِلشَّعبِىِّ وهو الذِى أجابَ بهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، ومثله عند البزار في مسنده (١٧٧)، وذكر ابن حجر أنه عند الإسماعيلى: السادية. وقال ابن حجر: هذا الاسم لم يذكره صاحب \"النهاية\" لا في السين المهملة ولا الشين المعجمة، ولا رأيته في \"صحاح الجوهري\" وما عرفت ضبطه إلى الآن، ولعله فارسى، فإن كان عربيًّا، فلعله: الشاذبة. بشين وذال معجمتين ثم موحدة، قال في \"الصحاح\": الشاذب: المنتحى عن وطنه. فلعل الشاذبة تأنيثه، وسميت الخمر بذلك لكونها إذا خالطت العقل تنحَّتْ به عن وطنه. اهـ. فتح الباري ١٠/ ٥٠، ٥١.\n(^٢) رسمت في الأصل بالتاء والياء.\n(^٣) رسمت في الأصل بالتاء والياء.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٨٨).","vol":"17","page":395},{"text":"١٧٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ التَّمرِ خَمرًا، وإِنَّ مِنَ الزَّبيبِ خَمرًا، وإِنَّ مِنَ البُرِّ خَمرًا، وإِنَّ مِنَ الشَّعيرِ خَمرًا، وإِنَّ مِنَ العَسَلِ خَمرًا\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ قال: قَرأتُ على الفُضَيلِ، عن أبي حَريزٍ، أن عامِرًا حَدَّثَه، أن النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ الخَمرَ مِنَ العَصيرِ والزَّبيبِ والتَّمرِ والحِنطَةِ والشَّعيرِ والذُّرَةِ، وإِنِّى أنهاكُم عن كُلِّ مُسكِرٍ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ روَاه السَّرِىُّ بنُ إسماعيلَ عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٢٧ - وهَذا لا يُخالِفُ الحديث الذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٧٦) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به، بذكر العنب بدل الزبيب. وأحمد (١٨٣٥٠)، والترمذي (١٨٧٢) من طريق إسرائيل به، وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث غريب. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٧٨٧) من طريق إبراهيم بن مهاجر به. وابن ماجه (٣٣٧٩) من طريق الشعبي به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤١٤)، وأبو داود (٣٦٧٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٩٨) من طريق معتمر به. والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٢ من طريق الفضيل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٧٩) من طريق السرى بن إسماعيل به.","vol":"17","page":396},{"text":"العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو كَثيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الخَمرُ مِن هاتَينِ الشَّجَرَتَينِ؛ النَّخلَةِ والعِنَبَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَهرُويه بنِ عباسٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عَنْ عَنْ. أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nفإِنَّه أثبَتَ الخَمرَ مِنهُما في هذا الحَديثِ، وأثبَتَها مِنهُما ومِن غَيرِهِما فيما مَضَى، فيُقالُ بجَميعِ ما ثَبَتَ عنه - ﷺ - مَتَى ما أمكَنَ الجَمعُ بَينَ جَميعِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٧٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنتُ قائمًا على عُمومَتِى أسقيهِم وهُم يَشرَبونَ يَومَئذٍ شَرابًا لهم، إذ دَخَلَ عَلَيهِم رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ألا هَل عَلِمتُم أن الخَمرَ قَد حُرِّمَت؟ فقالوا: يا أنَسُ أكفِئْها. فأكفأتُها، فواللَّهِ ما عادوا فيها حَتَّى لَقُوا اللَّهَ ﷿. قال: فقُلتُ: وما كان شَرابُهُم؟ قال: البُسرُ والتَّمرُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٩٧)، والترمذي (١٨٧٥)، والنسائي (٥٥٨٨) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وأبو داود (٣٦٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٧٧٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣٤٤) من طريق أبى كثير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٨٥).","vol":"17","page":397},{"text":"فقالَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ أنَسٍ وأنَسٌ في الحَلْقَةِ: كانَت خَمرَهم يَومَئذٍ. فما أنكَرَ ذاكَ عَلَيه أنَسٌ.\n\n١٧٤٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاق، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كُنتُ قائمًا على الحَىِّ أسقيهِم على عُمومَتِى، وأنا أصغَرُهُم سِنًّا، مِن فضيخٍ لَهُم. قال: فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ الخَمرَ قَد حُرِّمَت. فقالوا: أكفِئْها يا أنَسُ. قال: فكَفأتُها. فقيلَ لأنَسٍ: فما كان شَرابُهُم؟ قال: رُطَبٌ وبُسرٌ. قال أبو بكرِ بنُ أنَسٍ وأنَسٌ شاهِدٌ: كانَت خَمرَهُم يَومَئذٍ. فلَم يُنكِرْ ذاكَ أنَسٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى بَعضُ أصحابِنا أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كانَت خَمرَهُم يَومَئذٍ (^١). روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَوَاه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى عن مُعتَمِرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٣١ - أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، قَرأتُ (^٣) عَلَيه قال: قَرأتُ على أبى العباسِ ابنِ حَمدانَ، حَدَّثَكُم محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسدد كما في إتحاف الخيرة المهرة (٥٠٢٨)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٦٢) إلا أنه قال: عن ابن أبى عدى. بدلًا من: المعتمر بن سليمان. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٨٨، ١٢٩٧٣)، والنسائي (٥٥٥٦) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٨٣، ٥٦٢٢)، ومسلم (١٩٨٠/ ٦).\n(^٣) في م: \"قراءة\".","vol":"17","page":398},{"text":"قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إنِّي لأسقِى أبا طَلحَةَ وأبا دُجانَةَ وسُهَيلَ (^١) ابنَ بَيضاءَ مِن خَليطِ بُسرٍ وتَمرٍ إذ حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ، فرَفَعتُها، وأنا ساقيهِم يَومَئذٍ وأصغَرُهُم، وإِنّا نَعُدُّها يَومَئذٍ الخَمرَ (^٢). روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الرَّزْجاهِىُّ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنيعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إشكابَ (^٤) والعباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: حُرِّمَت عَلَينا الخَمرُ حينَ حُرِّمَت وما نَجِدُ خُمورَ الأعنابِ إلَّا القَليلَ، وعامَّةُ خَمرِهِم البُسرُ والتَّمرُ (^٥). روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٦).\n\n١٧٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سهل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٠٠٨)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٤/ ٢١٤ من طريق هشام به. والنسائي (٥٥٥٧) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٠٠)، ومسلم (١٩٨٠).\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٨، م: \"إشكيب\". ولعل أصله ألف ممالة، فأحيانًا يكتب بالألف وأحيانًا يكتب بالياء. وينظر حاشية الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٢٥٨.\n(^٥) أخرجه سمويه في جزئه (ضمن مجموع عشرة أجزاء حديثية) (١٠٦) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٥٨٠).","vol":"17","page":399},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا مالكُ بن مِغوَلٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لَقَد حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ وما بالمَدينَةِ منها شَئٌ. يَعنِى: لَم يَكُنْ بالمَدينَةِ خَمرُ العِنَبِ حينَ حُرِّمَت. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو صالِحٍ يَعنِى خَلَفَ الخَيّامَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَعقِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ وإِنَّ بالمَدينَةِ يَومَئذٍ لَخَمسَةَ أشرِبَةٍ ما فيها شَرابُ العِنَبِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥٧٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٤٣٨) عن محمد بن بشر به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦١٦).","vol":"17","page":400},{"text":"وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت - وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ، سَمِعَ عائشَةَ تَقولُ -: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن البِتْعِ؟ فقالَ: \"كُلُّ شَرابٍ أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وعن حَرمَلَة عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٣٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن البِتعِ فقالَ: \"كُلُّ شَرابٍ أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ\". والبِتعُ: نَبيذُ العَسَلِ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٠٣)، وابن وهب (٣٢)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٧١)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٤٥، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٥٧٢)، وأبو داود (٣٦٨٢)، والترمذي (١٨٦٣)، والنسائي (٥٦٠٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٤، ١٧٦. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٨٦) من طريق الزهري به دون السؤال عن البتع.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٨٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٠١/ ٦٧، ٦٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤١٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٧٠٠٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٨٩١)، والنسائي (٥٦١٠). وقوله: والبتع نبيذ العسل. من قول عبد الرزاق كما صرح هو في مصنفه. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٠٩) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٠١/ ٦٩).","vol":"17","page":401},{"text":"١٧٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ حَيّانَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن سَيّارٍ أبى الحَكَمِ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عِندَنا أشرِبَةً - أو شَرابًا - هذا البِتعُ والمِزْرُ مِنَ الذُّرَةِ والشَّعيرِ، فما تأمُرُنا فيهِما؟ فقالَ: \"أنهاكُم عن كُلِّ مُسكِرٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُس بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي موسَى قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، يُصنَعُ عِندَنا شَرابٌ مِنَ العَسَلِ يُقالُ له: البِتعُ. وشَرابٌ مِنَ الشَّعيرِ يُقالُ له: المِزْرُ، وهُما يُسكِرانِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"كُل مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣)، واستَشهَدَ البخاريُّ برِوايَةِ أبي داودَ الطَّيالِسِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤١٧). وأخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (٢٣٨)، وأبو يعلى (٧٢٤١)، وابن الجارود في المنتقى (٨٥٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والرويانى في مسنده (٤٨٧) من طريق أبى بردة مقتصرًا على المرفوع. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٢: سنده صحيح.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٤٩٩)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٦١١) مقتصرًا على قول النبي ﷺ فقط. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٧٣)، وفى الأشربة (٢٢٤)، والبغوى في الجعديات (٥٣٩) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٣٤٤)، ومسلم (١٧٣٣/ ٧٠).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٤٣٤٤، ٧١٧٢).","vol":"17","page":402},{"text":"ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ قُسْطٍ (^١)، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: بَعَثَنِى النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ومُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"انطَلِقا فادْعُوَا النّاسَ إلَى الإسلامِ، ويَسِّرا ولا تُعَسِّرا، وبَشِّرا ولا تُنَفِّرا\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أفتِنا في شَرابَينِ كُنّا نَصنَعُهُما باليَمَنِ؛ البِتعُ مِنَ العَسَلِ نَنبِذُه حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ، والمِزْرُ مِنَ البُرِّ والشَّعيرِ والذُّرَةِ نَنبِذُه حَتَّى يَشتَدَّ. قال: وكانَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قَد أُعطِىَ جَوامِعَ الكَلِمِ وخَواتِمَه، وقالَ: \"أُحَرِّمُ كُلَّ مُسكِرٍ عن الصَّلاةِ\". قال: فانطَلَقنا (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رَجُلًا قَدِمَ مِن جَيْشانَ - وجَيْشانُ مِنَ اليَمَنِ - فسألَ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - عن شَرابٍ يَشرَبونَه بأرضِهِم مِنَ الذُّرَةَ يُقالُ له: المِزْرُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \" [ومُسكِرٌ] (^٤) هوَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قالَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قسيط\". وهو عمرو بن قسط ويقال: قسيط. وقد ضبط في الأصل بضم القاف وإسكان الياء، وتقدم في (١٥١٥، ١٢٥٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٩٥٠) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به. وابن حبان (٥٣٧٦) من طريق زيد بن أبى أنيسة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٠٢/ ٧١).\n(^٤) في م: \"أوَمسكر\".","vol":"17","page":403},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، إنَّ اللَّهَ عَهِدَ لمن يَشرَبُ المُسكِرَ أن يَسقيَه مِن طينَةِ الخَبالِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وما طينَةُ الخَبالِ؟ قال: \"عَرَقُ أهلِ النّارِ، أو عُصارَةُ أهلِ النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: تَلا النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - وهو على المِنبَرِ يَعنِى آيَةً ذَكَرَ فيها الخَمرَ. قال: فقامَ إلَيه أبو وهبٍ الجَيْشانِىُّ فسألَه عن المِزْرِ. قال: \"وما المِزْرُ؟ \". قال: شَئٌ يُصنَعُ مِنَ الحَبِّ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٣). هَكَذا جاءَ مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٧٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن مَرثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ اليَزَنِىِّ، عن دَيْلَمٍ الحِميَرِىِّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا بأرضٍ بارِدَةٍ نُعالِجُ بها عَمَلًا شَديدًا، وإِنّا نَتَخِذُ شَرابًا مِن هذا القَمحِ؛ نَتَقَوَّى به على أعمالِنا وعَلَى بَردِ بلادِنا. قال: \"هَل يُسكِرُ؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فاجْتَنِبوه\". ثُمَّ جِئتُه مِن بَينِ يَدَيه فقُلتُ له مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"هَل\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٨٠)، والنسائي (٥٧٢٥) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٠٢/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) جزء سعدان بن نصر (١٣٤). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في المعرفة (٧٠٨٦) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":404},{"text":"يُسكِرُ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"فاجْتَنِبوه\". ثُمَّ قُلتُ: إنَّ النّاسَ غَيرُ تارِكيهِ. قال: \"فإِن لَم يَترُكوه فاقْتُلوهُم\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ روَاه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ وعَيّاشِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبي الخَيرِ وهو مَرثَدٌ، عن دَيْلَمٍ الجَيْشانِىِّ أنَّه قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا بأرضٍ بارِدَةٍ شَديدَةِ البَردِ، نَصنَعُ بها شَرابًا مِنَ القَمحِ، أفَيَحِلُّ يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ؟ فقالَ: \"ألَيسَ بمُسكِرٍ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى. قال: \"فإِنَّه حَرامٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن دَرّاجًا أبا السَّمحِ حَدَّثَه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الحَكَمِ حَدَّثَه، عن أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن ناسًا مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فعَلَّمَهُمُ الصَّلاةَ والسُّنَنَ والفَرائضَ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٠٩٢)، وأحمد (١٨٠٣٥) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأبو داود (٣٦٨٣) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد ٥/ ٥٣٣، وأحمد (١٨٠٣٤، ١٨٠٣٦)، وفى الأشربة (٢٠٩)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٣٦، ١٣٧ من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٤). وأخرجه الطبراني (٤٢٠٦)، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في المعرفة (٢٥٨٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة به، وعندهما: \"فإنه خمر\" بدلًا من: \"فإنه حرام\".","vol":"17","page":405},{"text":"قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لَنا شَرابًا نَصنَعُه مِنَ القَمحِ والشَّعيرِ. فقالَ: \"الغُبَيراءُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"لا تَطعَموه\". ثُمَّ لما كان بعدَ يَومَينِ ذَكَروه له أيضًا، فقالَ: \"الغُبَيراءُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"لا تَطعَموه\". ثُمَّ لما أرَادوا أن يَنطَلِقوا سألوه عنه، فقالَ: \"الغُبَيراءُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"لا تَطعَموه\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ خُشَيشٍ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سُمَيعٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن صَعصَعَةَ بنِ صُوحانَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ - (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ سُمَيعٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ قال: جاءَ صَعصَعَةُ بنُ صُوحانَ إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: انْهَنا عَمّا نَهاكَ عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: نَهانِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الدُّبّاءِ والحَنتَمِ والنَّقيرِ والْجِعَةِ، وحَلْقَةِ الذَّهَبِ، ولُبسِ الحَريرِ والقَسِّىِّ والمِيثَرَةِ الحَمراءِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٣٣)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٠٧)، وفى الأشربة (٢٩)، وأبو يعلى (٧١٤٧)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٦ (٤٨٣، ٤٩٥) من طريق دراج به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٥٥: وفيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن، وبقية رجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٢) الدباء: القرع، كانوا ينتبذون فيها فتسرع في الشراب. والحنتم: جِرار مدهونة خُضْرٌ كانت تُحمل الخمر فيها إلى المدينة. والنقير: أصل النخلة يُنقر وسطه ثم ينبذ فيه التمر، ويُلقى عليه الماء ليصير نبيذًا مُسْكرًا. والقَسِّى: هي ثياب مضلعة بالحرير تعمل بالقَس وهو موضع من بلاد مصر. وقيل: هي ثياب كتان مخلوط بحرير. والمثرة: وطاء محشوٌّ يصنع من حرير أو ديباج، يترك على رحل =","vol":"17","page":406},{"text":"لَيسَ في حَديثِ ابنِ خُشَيشٍ: النَّقيرُ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن هُبَيرَةَ وأصحابِ عليٍّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الجِعَةِ، والجِعَةُ شَرابٌ يُصنَعُ مِنَ الشَّعيرِ حَتَّى يُسكِرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3699>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أنَّ الطَّبخَ لا يُخرِجُ هذه الأشرِبَةَ مِن دُخولِها في الاسمِ والتَّحريمِ إذا كانَت مُسكِرَةً</span>\n\n١٧٤٤٧ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ شَرابٍ أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀. وفِي رِوايَةِ\n_________\n= البعير تحت الراكب. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٤٤٨، ٢/ ٩٦، ٤/ ٣٧٨، ٥/ ١٠٤، ١٥٠، وصحيح مسلم بشرخ النووي ١٤/ ٣٤.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٩٧) عن مسدد مختصرًا. والنسائي (٥١٨٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. من طريق إسماعيل بن سميع به مطولًا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٤٤).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٣٥). وأخرجه النسائي (٥١٨٢) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (٢٨٠٨) من طريق هبيرة به بنحوه، وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٥، ٥٢٠٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٧٩. وتقدم في (٢٣، ١٧٤٣٥).","vol":"17","page":407},{"text":"المُخَرِّمِىِّ قال: عن عائشَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ على اللَّفظِ الَّذِى رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ الطَّبّاعِ وأبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ اللَّيثِ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، ومَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ في الدُّنيا فماتَ وهو يُدمِنُها لَم يَتُبْ مِنها، لَم يَشرَبْها في الآخِرَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ وأبِى كامِلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ والصَّغانِىِّ عن رَوحِ بنِ عُبادَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٤٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٠١/ ٦٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٤١٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٠٣/ ٧٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٢٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٣٠)، وفى الأشربة (١٨٩) عن روح بن عبادة به. وتقدم في (١٧٤١٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٠٣/ ٧٤).","vol":"17","page":408},{"text":"١٧٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ خَمرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^١). روَاه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الدُّولابِىُّ، حدثنا رَوْحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٣). قال أحمدُ: هَكَذا حدثنا به رَوْحٌ مَرفوعًا.\n\n١٧٤٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: كُل مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ (^٤). كَذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٦٤٥)، وفى الأشربة (١٩٥)، وابن الجارود (٨٥٧)، وأبو عوانة (٧٩٥٨)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٩ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن حبان (٥٣٥٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٠٣/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٢٧)، والمعرفة (٥٢١١). وأورده الدارقطني في العلل ١٣/ ٨٦ عن الدولابى.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢١٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية أبى مصعب =","vol":"17","page":409},{"text":"روَاه سائرُ أصحابِ مالكٍ عن مالكٍ مَوقوفًا (^١)، غَيرَ رَوْحٍ فإِنَّه رَفَعَه في رِوايَةِ الدُّولابِىِّ عنه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، سَمِعَه مِن سعيدِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه ومُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ لَهُما: \"بَشِّرا ويَسِّرا، وعَلِّما ولا تُنَفِّرا\". وأُراه قال: \"وتَطاوَعا\". قال: فلَمّا ولِىَ (^٢) رَجَعَ أبو موسَى فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ لَهُم شَرابًا مِنَ العَسَلِ يُطبَخُ، والمِزْرُ يُصنَعُ مِنَ الشَّعيرِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ ما أسكَرَ عن الصَّلاةِ فهو حَرامٌ\" (^٣). روَاه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الجُوَيريَةِ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الباذَقِ (^٥) فقالَ: سَبَقَ\n_________\n= (١٨٤٤)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٧١٥). وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٦١): صحيح الإسناد مرقوف، وصح عنه - ابن عمر - مرفوعًا.\n(^١) في س، ص ٨: \"مرفوعًا\".\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وكذلك جاء السياق عند أبى يعلى، وعند ابن حبان: ولى معاذ رجع أبو موسى.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى في معجمه (٦٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٧٣) من طريق محمد بن عباد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٣٣).\n(^٥) سيأتي تعريفها في (١٧/ ٤١٦).","vol":"17","page":410},{"text":"محمدٌ - ﷺ - الباذَقَ، ما أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ. قال: الشَّرابُ الحَلالُ الطَّيِّبُ لا الحَرامُ الخَبيثُ (^١). روَاه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال: الشَّرابُ الحَلالُ الطَّيِّبُ. قال: لَيسَ بعدَ الحَلالِ الطَّيِّبِ إلَّا الحَرامُ الخَبيثُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٥٥ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو الجوَيريَةِ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: أفتِنِى - رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ - في الباذَقِ. فقالَ: سَبَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الباذَقِ، ما أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ. قال: قُلتُ: أفتِنِى - رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ - في الباذَقِ؛ فإِنّا نَشرَبُه. قال: سَبَقَ محمدٌ - ﷺ - إلَى الباذَقِ، وما أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: إنّا نَعمِدُ إلَى العِنَبِ فنَعصِرُه ثُمَّ نَطبُخُه حَتَّى يَكونَ حَلالًا طَيِّبًا. قالَ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! اشرَبِ الحَلالَ الطَّيِّبَ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بعدَ الحَلالِ الطَّيِّبِ إلَّا الحَرامُ الخَبيثُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ مَرْوانَ النَّسائىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٠٣) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه. والطبراني (١٢٦٩٤) من طريق أبى الجويرية بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٩٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٦٩٤) من طريق أبى خيثمة به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) في س: \"الكيسانى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٤٥٨.","vol":"17","page":411},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتَاه قَومٌ فسَألوه عن بَيعِ الخَمرِ واشتِرائِه والتِّجارَةِ فيه. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: أمُسلِمونَ أنتُم؟ فقالوا: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّه لا يَصلُحُ بَيعُه ولا شِراؤُه ولا التِّجارَةُ فيه لمسلِمٍ، إنَّما مَثَلُ مَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنكُم مَثَلُ بَنِى إسرائيلَ؛ حُرِّمَت عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومُ فلَم يأْكُلوها، فباعوها وأكَلوا أثمانَها. ثُمَّ سألوا عن الطَّلاءِ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: وما طِلاؤُكُم هذا؟ إذ سألتُمونِى فبَيِّنوا لِى الَّذِى تَسألونِى عَنه. قالوا: هو العِنَبُ يُعصَرُ ثُمَّ يُطبَخُ ثُمَّ يُجعَلُ في الدِّنانِ. قال: وما الدِّنانُ؟ قالوا: دِنانٌ مُقَيَّرَةٌ. قال: مُزَفَّتَةٌ؟ فقالوا: نَعَم. قال: أيُسكِرُ؟ قالوا: إذا أُكثِرَ مِنه أسْكَرَ. قال: فكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرامٌ (^١).\n\n١٧٤٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ أبى عُمَرَ البَهْرانِىِّ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عباسٍ عن الطِّلاءِ فقالَ: إنَّ النّارَ لا تُحِلُّ شَيئًا ولا تُحَرِّمُه (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ نَشيطٍ الوَعْلانِىُّ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن أبا مسلمٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٨٤)، من طريق عبيد الله به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٥: إسناده صحيح. وسيأتي طرف منه في (١٧٤٨٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٢٤) مطولًا. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٣٥٨) من طريق الأعمش به. في حاشية مخطوط المهذب كما في المطبوع ٧/ ٣٤٣٥: فيه انقطاع.","vol":"17","page":412},{"text":"الخَوْلانِىَّ حَجَّ، فدَخَلَ على عائشَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فجَعَلَت تَسألُه عن الشّامِ وعن بَردِها، فجَعَلَ يُخبِرُها، فقالَت: كَيفَ يَصبِرونَ على بَردِها؟ فقالَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّهُم يَشرَبونَ شَرابًا لَهُم يُقالُ له: الطِّلاءُ. فقالَت: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وبَلَّغَ حِبِّى؛ سَمِعتُ حِبِّى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ أُناسًا مِن أُمَّتِى يَشرَبونَ الخَمرَ يُسَمّونَها بغَيرِ اسمِها\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن حاتِمِ بنِ حُرَيْثٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أَبى مَريَمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ غَنْمٍ الأشعَرِىِّ، عن أبي مالكٍ الأشعَرِىِّ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لَيَشرَبَنَّ أُناسٌ مِن أُمَّتِى الخَمرَ يُسَمّونَها بغَيرِ اسمِها، وتُضرَبُ على رُءوسِهِمُ المَعازِفُ، يَخسِفُ اللَّهُ بهِمُ الأرضَ، ويَجعَلُ مِنهُم قِرَدَةً وخَنازيرَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (٤٥)، ومن طريقه أبو يعلى (٤٣٩٠)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٤٧ وصححه.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٥١١٤) وليس فيه: أبو مالك الأشعري، وابن وهب (٤٦) وفيه: \"كريب\"، بدلًا من: \"حريث\"، و: \"مالك بن أبي مريم عبد الرحمن بن غنم\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٠٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٢٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٥٨) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٣٥).","vol":"17","page":413},{"text":"شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّه أخبَرَه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَرَجَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: إنِّي وجَدتُ مِن فُلانٍ ريحَ شَرابٍ فزَعَمَ أنَّه شَرِبَ الطِّلاءَ، وأنا سائلٌ عَمّا شَرِبَ؛ فإِن كان يُسكِرُ جَلَدتُه. فجَلَدَه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - الحَدَّ تامًّا (^١).\n\n١٧٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَد جاءَت في الأَشرِبَةِ آثارٌ كَثيرَةٌ بأسماءٍ مُختَلِفَةٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأصحابِه، وكُلٌّ له تَفسيرٌ؛ فأوَّلُها الخَمرُ: وهِىَ ما غَلَى مِن عَصيرِ العِنَبِ، فهَذا ما لا اختِلافَ في تَحريمِه بَينَ المسلِمينَ، إنَّما الاختِلافُ في غَيرِه، ومِنها السَّكَرُ: وهو نَقيعُ التَّمرِ الَّذِى لَم تَمَسَّه النّارُ؛ وفيه يُروَى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: السَّكَرُ خَمرٌ. ومِنها البِتْعُ: وهو نَبيذُ العَسَلِ، ومِنها الجِعَةُ: وهو نَبيذُ الشَّعيرِ، ومِنها المِزْرُ: وهو مِنَ الذُّرَةِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه أبو المُنذِرِ إسماعيلُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواسِطِىُّ، عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ، عن أُكَيلٍ مُؤَذِّنِ إبراهيمَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه فسَّرَ هذه الأربَعَةَ الأشرِبَةَ، وزادَ: والخَمرُ مِنَ العِنَبِ، والسَّكَرُ مِنَ التَّمرِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: ومِنها السُّكُرْكَةُ، وقَد روِىَ عن الأشعَرِىِّ التَّفسيرُ فقالَ: إنَّه مِنَ الذُّرَةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٢١٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٤، ١٨٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٢، ومن طريقه النسائي (٥٧٢٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٢٢. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٦٦).\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٦ ووقع فيه: أكتل. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦٥، والأسماء المفردة (٣٢٨)، وتوضيح المشتبه ١/ ٢٦١.","vol":"17","page":414},{"text":"قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حدثنا حَجّاجٌ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جُدْعانَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ مُحرِزٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ يَخطُبُ فقالَ: خَمرُ المَدينَةِ مِنَ البُسرِ والتَّمرِ، وخَمرُ أهلِ فارِسَ مِنَ العِنَبِ، وخَمرُ أهلِ اليَمَنِ البِتْعُ، وهو مِنَ العَسَلِ، وخَمرُ الحَبَشِ السُّكُرْكَةُ (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: ومِنَ الأشرِبَةِ أيضًا الفَضيخُ (^٢)؛ وهو ما افتُضِخَ مِنَ البُسرِ مِن غَيرِ أن تَمَسَّه النّارُ، وفيه يُروَى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ: لَيس بالفَضيخِ، ولَكِنَّه الفَضوحُ (^٣).\nويُروَى عن أنَسٍ أنَّه قال: نَزَلَ تَحريمُ الخَمرِ وما كانَت غَيرَ فضيخِكُم هَذا. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه ابنُ عُليَّةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٤).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: فإِن كان مَعَ البُسْرِ تَمرٌ فهو الَّذِى يُسَمَّى الخَليطَينِ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧. وأخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (٢٢٥) من طريق حماد به. والطيالسى (٥٣٥) من طريق على بن زيد به بذكر خمر المدينة فحسب.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الفضوخ\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"الفضوخ\" بالخاء المعجمة. وهو كذلك في غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٧٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٣٨٠)، وأحمد في الأشربة (١٢٣، ١٤٠، ٢٠٠)، والطبراني (١٣٤٩٠، ١٣٤٩١). وفى هذه المصادر بالخاء المعجمة أيضًا. والمثبت عندنا من نسخة الأصل بالحاء المهملة، وهو موافق لما في غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥٥٥، فقد أخرج الأثر بإسناده، وقال في الفائق ٣/ ١٢٦: أراد: يسكر شاربه ويفضحه. وينظر في هذا المعنى تهذيب اللغة ٧/ ١١٥، والمغرب ٢/ ١٤١، وطلبة الطلبة ص ١٥٩.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٧٧.","vol":"17","page":415},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ إن كان زَبيبًا وتَمرًا فهو مِثلُه، ومِنَ الأشرِبَةِ المُنَصَّفُ؛ وهو أن يُطبَخَ عَصيرُ العِنَبِ قبلَ أن يَغْلِىَ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ نِصْفُه، وقَد بَلَغَنِى أنَّه يُسكِرُ؛ فإِن كان يُسكِرُ فهو حَرامٌ، وإِن طُبِخَ حَتَّى يَذهَبَ ثُلُثاه ويَبقَى ثُلُثُه فهو الطِّلاءُ، وإِنَّما سُمِّىَ بذَلِكَ لأنَّه شُبِّهَ بطِلاءِ الإبِلِ في ثُخْنِه وسَوادِه، وبَعضُ العَرَبِ يَجعَلُ الطِّلاءَ الخَمرَ بعَينِها، يُروَى أن عَبيدَ بنَ الأبرَصِ قال في مَثَلٍ له:\nهِىَ الخَمرُ تُكنَى الطِّلا ... كما الذِّئبُ يُكنَى أبا جَعدَهْ (^١)\nقال: وكَذَلِكَ الباذَقُ وقَد يُسَمِّى به الخَمرُ والمطبوخُ؛ وهو الَّذِى يُروَى فيه الحَديثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الباذَقِ فقالَ: سَبَقَ محمدٌ - ﷺ - الباذَقَ، وما أسكَرَ فهو حَرامٌ. وإِنَّما قال ابنُ عباسٍ ذَلِكَ لأنَّ الباذَقَ كَلِمَةٌ فارِسيَّةٌ عُرِّبَت فلَم يَعرِفْها (^٢).\nوذَكَرَ أبو عُبَيدٍ أسماءً سِواها، ثُمَّ قال: وهَذِه الأشرِبَةُ المُسَمّاةُ عِندِى كُلُّها كِنايَةٌ عَن اسمِ الخَمرِ، ولا أحسِبُها إلَّا داخِلَةً في حَديثِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ ناسًا مِن أُمَّتِى يَشرَبونَ الخَمرَ بِاسمٍ يُسَمّونَها به\". قال: ومِمّا يُبَيِّنُه قَولُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: الخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3700>بابٌ: ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ</span>\n\n١٧٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٧.\n(^٢) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٨، وفيه: نعرفها. والباذق: تعريب باذه. الفائق ١/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٨ - ١٨٠.","vol":"17","page":416},{"text":"العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^١) علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ ببغدادَ (^٢) المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن بُكَيرِ (^٣) بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أنهاكُم عن قَليلِ ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُنَخَّلِ قالا: حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ أبي الفُراتِ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٥).\n\n١٧٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"بن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨١.\n(^٢) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٣) من هنا خرم في المخطوطة \"س\" ينتهى في (١٧٦٢٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٥٦٢٤) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وابن حبان (٥٣٧٠) من طريق الضحاك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥١٨١).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٠٣)، وأبو داود (١٣٦٨١)، والترمذي (١٨٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٩٣) من طريق داود بن بكر به، وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث حسن غريب من حديث جابر. وابن حبان (٥٣٨٢) من طريق محمد بن المنكدر بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٧: ورواه إسماعيل بن جعفر عن داود، وداود صدوق.","vol":"17","page":417},{"text":"حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٤٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى مَعشَرٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو مَعشَرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٦٠٧٠)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٨٥٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به، ووقع عند البزار: إبراهيم بن مسعود. وأحمد في الأشربة (٧٥) من طريق نافع به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٧: هذا في جزء ابن عرفة، وإسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (٧٥)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٥١٩، وابن المقرئ في معجمه (١٢٢٢) من طريق أبى معشر به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٧: أبو معشر نجيح يصلح للاعتبار.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٧). ووقع فيه قلب: ما أسكر قليله فكثيره حرام. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٦٤٨) من طريق أبى معشر به.","vol":"17","page":418},{"text":"﵀، أخبرَنا [أبو حامِدٍ] (^١) أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بِشْرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ روَاه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن عمرٍو.\n\n١٧٤٦٨ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nقال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى شَمِرُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ ضُمَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٧٤)، والنسائي (٥٦٢٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٣٩٤) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥١٨٠): حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٣٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٠٧)، وأحمد (٦٥٥٨)، والطحاوى في شرح معانى الآثار ٣/ ٢١٧ من طريق عبد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٣٩). وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ٩/ ٩٤ من طريق حسين به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٨: شمر وشيخه ضعيفان.","vol":"17","page":419},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ ابنُ أخِى جوَيريَةَ، وكانَ رَجُلًا صالِحًا، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ الأنصارِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، وما أسكَرَ مِنه الفَرَقُ (^١) فمِلءُ الكَفِّ منه حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ المُحارِبِىُّ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، وما أسكَرَ الفَرَقُ فالحُسْوَةُ (^٣) مِنه حَرامٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ عبدُ رَبِّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الفرق: مكيال يسع ستة عشر رطلا، وهو يعادل ٩،١٦٥ ليترات. النهاية ٣/ ٤٣٧، والمكاييل الشرعية ص ٢٩٩. والمراد التعبير عن التكثير والتقليل لا التحديد. التيسير بشرح الجامع الصغير ٢/ ٤٢٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٤٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٦٨٧)، والترمذي (١٨٦٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٨٣) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) الحُسوة: الجرعة من الشراب بقدر ما يحسى مرة واحدة. النهاية ١/ ٣٨٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (٦، ٤٣)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٣٢٧) من طريق ليث به. وإسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (٤٠٨ - ٩٥١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٥٥ من طريق أبى عثمان به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٣٨: أبو عثمان الأنصاري هذا ولى قضاء مرو، وصالح الحديث، وحسن هذا الحديث الترمذي.","vol":"17","page":420},{"text":"عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو الفُقَيْمِىِّ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن شَهرِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ ومُفْتِرٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3701>بابُ ما يَحتَجُّ به مَن رَخَّصَ في المُسكِرِ إذا لَم يَشرَبْ مِنه ما يُسكِرُه، والجَوابِ عنه</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا﴾ [النحل: ٦٧].\n\n١٧٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه سُئلَ عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا﴾. قال: السَّكَرُ ما حُرِّمَ مِن ثَمَرَتِها، والرِّزقُ الحَسَنُ ما حَلَّ مِن ثَمَرَتِها (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا﴾: فحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ بعدَ ذَلِكَ السَّكَرَ مَعَ تَحريمِ الخَمرِ؛ لأنَّه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"كأنه يعني ما يحصل به فترة أو نشوة، والله أعلم\". والحديث عند أبي داود (٣٦٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٣٤) عن الحسن بن عمرو به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٩٣).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٥٥. وعنده: \"عمرو بن سليم\" بدلًا من: \"عمرو بن سفيان\". وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٧٧، وابن النحاس في ناسخه ص ٥٤٢ من طريق الثوري بنحوه. وعلقه البخاري قبل (٤٧٠٧).","vol":"17","page":421},{"text":"مِنها. قال: ﴿وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا﴾، فهو حَلالُه مِنَ الخَلِّ والرُّبِّ (^١) والنَّبيذِ وأشباهِ ذَلِكَ، فأقَرَّه اللهُ وجَعَلَه حَلالًا لِلمُسلِمينَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن أبي عُبَيدٍ أنَّه قال: السَّكَرُ نَقيعُ التَّمرِ (^٣). وعَلَيه تَدُلُّ رِوايَةُ ابنِ أبي طَلحَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، مَعَ الدَّلالَةِ على دُخولِه في التَّحريمِ حينَ حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ؛ لأنَّه مِنها.\n\n١٧٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرِّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: السَّكَرُ الخَمرُ قبلَ تَحريمِها، والرِّزقُ الحَسَنُ طَعامُه (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ وأبِى رَزينٍ قالوا في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا﴾: هِىَ مَنسوخَةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الرُّبّ: ما يطبخ من التمر. التاج ٢/ ٤٧٨ (ر ب ب).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٨٢، وأبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٣٦٥، ٣٦٦ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٧٦. وزاد فيه: الذي لم تمسه النار.\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٢٣، وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٨٠ من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٤/ ٢٧٩ من طريق سعيد به. وأبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٣٦٤ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"17","page":422},{"text":"١٧٤٧٦ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي عَونٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي عَوْنٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ بعَينِها؛ القَليلُ مِنها والكَثيرُ، والسَّكَرُ مِن كُلِّ شَرابٍ (^١).\nوالمُرادُ بالسَّكَرِ المَذكورِ فيه المُسكِرُ.\n\n١٧٤٧٧ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن أبي عَونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ بعَينِها؛ قَليلُها وكَثيرُها، والمُسكِرُ مِن كُلِّ شَرابٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الأُستاذُ أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ أَملَاه عَلَينا، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: قَليلُها وكَثيرُها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٠١، ٥٧٠٢) من طريق أبى عون به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٥٠)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٩٨٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٠١) من طريق أحمد بن حنبل به.\n(^٣) أحمد في الأشربة (١٠٩)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (١٠٨٣٧). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ =","vol":"17","page":423},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ روَاه عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ موسَى بنُ هارونَ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عَيّاشٍ العامِرِىِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: والمُسكِرُ مِن كُلِّ شَرابٍ (^٢). وعَلَى هذا تدُلُّ سائرُ الرِّواياتِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٧٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن أبي عَوانَةَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَليلُ ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه حَرامٌ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٨٠ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي بُردَةَ - ولَيسَ بابنِ أبي موسَى - أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"اشرَبوا ولا تَسكَروا\" (^٤). فكَذا رَواه أبو الأحوَصِ سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ. وبَلَغَنِى عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائىِّ أنَّه قال (^٥):\n_________\n= دمشق ٢٩/ ١٤١، وجمال الدين الحنفى الظاهرى في مشيخة ابن البخاري ١/ ٤٣٧ (١٤٢) من طريق البغوي به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٧٧٩) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٦ من طريق موسى بن هارون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (٢٣)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عياش العامرى به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٤٦٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٩٣) من طريق أبى الأحوص بلفظ: \"اشربوا في الظروف ولا تَسْكروا\".\n(^٥) السنن الكبرى للنسائي ٣/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٢.","vol":"17","page":424},{"text":"هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ؛ غَلِطَ فيه أبو الأحوَصِ سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، لا نَعلَمُ أنَّ أحَدًا تابَعَه عَلَيه مِن أصحابِ سِماكٍ. قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: كان أبو الأحوَصِ يُخطِئُ في هذا الحَديثِ. قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: ورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن سِماكٍ عن قِرْصافَةَ امرأةٍ مِنهُم عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: اشرَبُوا ولا تَسكَروا. وهَذا أيضًا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ، وقِرْصافَةُ هذه لا يُدرَى مَن هِىَ، والمشهورُ عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - خِلافُ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ قال: وهِمَ أبو الأحوَصِ في إسنادِه ومَتنِه، وقالَ غَيرُه: عن سِماكٍ عن القاسِمِ عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه: ولا تَشرَبوا مُسكِرًا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيهِ.\n\n١٧٤٨١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن ضِرارِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَهَيتُكُم عن النَّبيذِ إلَّا في سِقاءٍ؛ فاشرَبوا في الأَسقيَةِ كُلِّها، ولا تَشرَبوا مُسكِرًا\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) النسائي (٥٦٩٥). وقال الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٤٣٨): ضعيف موقوفًا، لكن صح مرفوعًا.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٥٨)، والنسائي (٢٠٣١، ٥٦٦٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣٩١، ٥٤٠٠) من طريق محمد بن الفضيل به بزيادة. وأبو داود (٣٦٩٨) من طريق محارب بن دثار به بزيادة.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٧٧/ ٦٣، ١٠٦، ١٩٧٧/ ٣٧).","vol":"17","page":425},{"text":"١٧٤٨٢ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُشْكانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَحمودٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ، هِىَ الشَّربَةُ التي تُسكِرُكَ (^١).\nفقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ ساسُويَه (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمْعَةَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ المُبارَكِ عن حَديثِ جَريرٍ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ: تَحرُمُ الشَّربَةُ التي تُسكِرُكَ؟ فقالَ: هذا باطِلٌ (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: حَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ ضَعيفٌ، وإِنَّما هو مِن قَولِ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ. ورَواه بإِسنادِه عن مِسعَرٍ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ مِن قَولِه بمَعناه (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٨٣ - قال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ عن إبراهيمَ بخِلافِه؛ وذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥١.\n(^٢) في م: \"شاسويه\" بالشين المعجمة أوله. وتقدم في (٧١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥١ من طريق عبد الكريم به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٠، ٢٥١.","vol":"17","page":426},{"text":"فيما رَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عمرٍو عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو عن إبراهيمَ قال: كانوا يَرَونَ أنَّ مَن شَرِبَ شَرابًا فسَكِرَ مِنه لَم يَصلُحْ له أن يَعودَ فيهِ (^١). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قال زَكَريّا بنُ عَدِىٍّ: لما قَدِمَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ الكوفَةَ كانَت به عِلَّةٌ، فأتاه وكيعٌ وأصحابُنا والكوفيّونَ، فتَذاكَروا عِندَه حَتَّى بَلَغوا الشَّرابَ، فجَعَلَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ يَحتَجُّ بأحاديثِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - والمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، قالوا: لا، ولَكِن مِن حَديثِنا. فقالَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عمرٍو الفُقَيمِىُّ عن فُضَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو عن إبراهيمَ قال: كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا سَكِرَ مِن شَرابٍ لَم يَحِلَّ له أن يَعودَ فيه أبَدًا. فنَكَّسوا رُءوسَهُم، فقالَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ لِلَّذِى يَليه: رأيتَ أعجَبَ مِن هَؤُلاءِ؟! أُحَدِّثُهُم عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وعن أصحابِه والتّابِعينَ فلَم يعبَئُوا به، وأذكُرُ عن إبراهيمَ فنَكَّسوا رُءوسَهُم (^٢)!\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3702>بابُ ما جاءَ في صِفَةِ نَبيذِهِمُ الَّذِى كانوا يَشرَبونَه في حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأصحابِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٤٨٤ - أمّا حَديثُ أنَسٍ: فأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِىُّ القاضِى، حدثنا عَفّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٦٣) من طريق الحسن بن عمرو به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٣٠٣): صحيح الإسناد ومقطوع.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٢٦).","vol":"17","page":427},{"text":"حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ المُثَنَّى العَنْبَرِىُّ، [حدثنا عَفّانُ] (^١)، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَقَد سَقَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بقَدَحِى هذا الشَّرابَ كُلَّه؛ العَسَلَ والنَّبيذَ والماءَ واللَّبَنَ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٨٥ - وأمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: فأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنّا لَنَشرَبُ مِنَ النَّبيذِ نَبيذًا يَقطَعُ لُحومَ الإبِلِ في بُطونِنا مِن أن تُؤذيَنا (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٨٦ - وأمّا الصِّفَةُ ففيما حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ، حدثنا ثُمامَةُ بنُ حَزْنٍ القُشَيرِىُّ قال: لَقيتُ عائشَةَ - ﵂ - فسألتُها عن النَّبيذِ، فدَعَت عائشَةُ جاريَةً حَبَشيَّةً فقالَت: سَلْ هذه؛ إنَّها كانَت تَنبِذُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٨١) من طريق عفان به، وليس فيه: \"النبيذ\". والنسائي (٥٧٦٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٠٨/ ٨٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٢٢٧)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٠ من طريق أبى إسحاق.","vol":"17","page":428},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَتِ الحَبَشيَّةُ: كُنتُ أنبِذُ له في سِقاءٍ مِنَ اللَّيلِ، وأُوكِيه وأُعَلِّقُه، فإِذا أصبَحَ شَرِبَ مِنه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ شَيبانَ، رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ النَّضْرِ، قال ابنُ النَّضرِ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ ابنُ شاذانَ: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أُمِّه، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنّا نَنبِذُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سِقاءٍ وُكِىَ أعلَاه ولَه عَزْلاءُ (^٣)، نَنبِذُ غُدوَةً فيَشرَبُه عِشاءً، ونَنبِذُ عِشاءً فيَشرَبُه غُدوَةً (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مثنَّى (^٥).\n\n١٧٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: سَمِعتُ شَبيبَ بنَ عبدِ المَلِكِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: حَدَّثَتْنِى عَمْرَةُ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها كانَت تَنبِذُ لِرسولِ اللَّه - ﷺ - غُدوَةً، فإِذا كان مِنَ العَشِىِّ فتَعَشَّى شَرِبَ على عَشائِه،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٦٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٥٨)، والنسائى (٥٦٥٤) من طريق القاسم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٠٥/ ٨٤).\n(^٣) عَزْلاء: فم المزادة الأسفل. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ١/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧١١)، والترمذي (١٨٧١)، وابن حبان (٥٣٨٥) من طريق محمد بن المثنى به. وتقدم في (٣٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٠٥/ ٨٥).","vol":"17","page":429},{"text":"فإِن فضَلَ شَئٌ صَبَبْتُه أو فرَّغتُه، ثُمَّ تَنبِذُ له باللَّيلِ فإِذا أصبَحَ تَغَدَّى فشَرِبَ على غَدائِه. قالَت: نَغسِلُ السِّقاءَ غُدوَةً وعَشيَّةً. فقالَ لها أَبى: مَرَّتَينِ في يَومٍ؟ قالَت: نَعَم (^١).\n\n١٧٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ مَروانَ النَّسائىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ النَّخَعِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أتاه قَومٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ سأَلوه عن النَّبيذِ. فقالَ: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فرَجَعَ مِن سَفَرِه وأُناسٌ مِن أصحابِه قَدِ انتَبَذوا نَبيذًا لهم في نَقيرٍ وحَنَاتِمَ ودُبّاءٍ، فأمَرَ بها فأُهْريقَتْ. قال: فأمَرَ بسِقاءٍ فجُعِلَ فيه زَبيبٌ وماءٌ، فكانَ يُنبَذُ له مِنَ اللَّيلِ فيُصبِحُ فيَشرَبُ يَومَه ذَلِكَ ولَيلَتَه التي يَستَقبِلُ، ومِنَ الغَدِ حَتَّى يُمسِىَ، فإِذا أمسَى شَرِبَ مِنه وسَقَى، فإِذا أصبَحَ فيه شَئٌ أمَرَ به فأُهْريقَ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبي خَلَفٍ عن زَكَريّا بنِ عَدِى عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٣).\n\n١٧٤٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٧١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣٠) من طريق المعتمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٣٨٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٧٤٥٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٠٤/ ٨٣).","vol":"17","page":430},{"text":"عن الأعمَشِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ أبى عُمَرَ البَهْرانِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُنبَذُ له الزَّبيبُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ في السِّقاءِ، فإِذا أصبَحَ شَرِبَه يَومَه ولَيلَتَه ومِنَ الغَدِ، فإِذا كان مَساءُ الثّالِثِ شَرِبَه أو سَقاه الخَدَمَ، فإِن فضَلَ شَئٌ أهْرَاقَه (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ الطّوسِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنَّه لما عَرَّسَ أبو أُسَيدٍ دَعا النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وأصحابَه، فما صَنَعَ لَهُم طَعامًا ولا قَرَّبَه إلَيهِم إلَّا امرأتُه أُمُّ أُسَيدٍ، وبَلَّت تَمَراتٍ مِنَ اللَّيلِ في تَوْرٍ مِن حِجارَةٍ، فلَمّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الطَّعامِ أَمَاثَته (^٣) فسَقَتْه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ عَسكَرٍ عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٣)، وأبو داود (٣٧١٣)، والنسائى (٥٧٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن ماجه (٣٣٩٩) من طريق يحيى بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٠٤/ ٨١، ٨٢).\n(^٣) أمانته: عصرته وصفته. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٤٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٦٢٣)، وابن ماجه (١٩١٢) من طريق أبى حازم به بنحوه.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥١٨٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٠٦/ ٨٧).","vol":"17","page":431},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا ضمْرَةُ، عن السَّيْبانىِّ (^١)، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدَّيلَمِىِّ (^٢)، عن أبيه قال: أتَينا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد عَلِمتَ مَن نَحنُ ومِن أينَ نَحنُ، فإِلَى مَن نَحنُ؟ قال: \"إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ وإِلَى رسولِه\". فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لَنا أعنابًا ما نَصنَعُ بها؟ قال: \"زَبِّبوها\". قُلنا: ما نَصنَعُ بالزَّبيبِ؟ قال: \"انبِذوه على غَدائِكُم واشرَبوه على عَشائِكُم، وانبِذوه على عَشائِكُم واشرَبوه على غَدائِكُم، وانبِذوه في الشِّنانِ ولا تَنبِذوه في القُلَلِ (^٣)؛ فإِنَّه إذا تأخَّرَ عن عَصْرِه صارَ خَلًّا\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو حَصِينٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَكيمٍ الأَوْدِىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن مِسْعَرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كُنتُ إذا اشتَدَّ نَبيذُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - جَعَلتُ فيه زَبيبًا يَلتَقِطُ حُموضَتَه (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وعَلَى مِثلِ هذه الصِّفَةِ كان نَبيذُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وغَيرِه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الشيبانى\". وهو يحيى بن أبي عمرو السَّيْبانى، ينظر الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٥/ ١١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٨٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"ابن الديلمي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٣) الشنان: الأسقية من الأدم وغيرها، واحدها شن، وأكثر ما يقال ذلك في الجلد الرقيق أو البالى من الجلود، والقلل: الجِرار الكبار، واحدتها قلة. النهاية ٢/ ٥٠٦، ومعالم السنن ٤/ ٢٧١.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧١٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٧٥٢) من طريق عيسى بن محمد به. وأحمد (١٨٠٤٢) من طريق يحيى بن أبي عمرو السَّيْبانى به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٥٤): حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٧٥٢٦) بزيادة في إسناده.","vol":"17","page":432},{"text":"الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ -، ألا تَرَى أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - إنَّما أحَلَّ الطِّلاءَ حينَ ذَهَبَ سَكَرُه وشَرُّه وحَظُّ شَيطانِهِ.\n\n١٧٤٩٤ - وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن واقِدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ وعن سلمةَ بنِ عَوفِ بنِ سَلامَةَ أخبَراه، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - حينَ قَدِمَ الشّامَ فشَكا إلَيه أهلُ الشّامِ وباءَ الأرضِ وثِقَلَها، وقالوا: لا يُصلِحُنا إلا هذا الشَّرابُ. فَقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: اشرَبوا العَسَلَ. فقالوا: لا يُصلِحُنا العَسَلُ. فقالَ رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ الأرضِ: هَل لَكَ أن نَجعَلَ لَكَ مِن هذا الشَّرابِ شَيئًا لا يُسكِرُ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم. فطَبَخوه حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مِنه الثُّلُثانِ وبَقِىَ الثُّلُثُ، فأتَوا به عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فأدخَلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فيه إصبَعَه ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَه فتَبِعَها يَتَمَطَّطُ (^١) فقالَ: هذا الطِّلاءُ، هذا مِثلُ طِلاءِ الإبِلِ. فأمَرَهُم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أن يَشرَبوه، فقالَ له عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ: أحلَلْتَها واللَّهِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: كَلَّا واللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي لا أُحِلُّ لَهُم شَيئًا حَرَّمتَه عَلَيهِم، ولا أُحَرِّمُ عَلَيهِم شَيئًا أحلَلْتَه لَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يتمطط: أي يتمدد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢١٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٧.","vol":"17","page":433},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الخَطْمِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: أنِ اطبُخوا شَرابَكُم حَتَّى يَذهَبَ نَصيبُ الشَّيطانِ مِنه، فإِنَّ لِلشَّيطانِ اثنَينِ ولَكُم واحِدَةً (^١).\n\n١٧٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الجَوْزِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الدُّنيا، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: كان النَّبيذُ الَّذِى يَشرَبُ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - كان يُنقَعُ له الزَّبيبُ غُدوَةً فيَشرَبُه عَشيَّةً، ويُنقَعُ له عَشيَّةً فيَشرَبُه غُدوَةً، ولا يُجعَلُ فيه دُردِىٌّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ والحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي حَمزَةَ جارِهِم قال: سَمِعتُ هِلالَ المازِنِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بجَرَّةٍ فيها نَبيذٌ فنَهانِى عنه فكَسَرتُها. قال: وقالَ سوَيدٌ: انتَبِذْ أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ واشرَبْه آخِرَ اللَّيلِ، وانتَبِذْ أوَّلَ النَّهارِ واشرَبْه آخِرَ النَّهارِ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ الصَّغانِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الحَسَنِ قال: عن هِلالٍ المازِنِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٣٣) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٧٥).\n(^٢) الدُّرْدِى: الخميرة التي تترك على العصير والنبيذ ليتخمر. التاج ٨/ ٧٠ (درد).\nوالأثر عند ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم المسكر (٣٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٩ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤١٥٨)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٠٨٤)، وأحمد (١٥٧٠٤، ٢٣٧٤٣) من طريق شعبة به، وفى الموضع الأول عن أحمد لم يسم المازنى.","vol":"17","page":434},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3703>بابُ ما جاءَ في الكَسْرِ بالماءِ</span>\n\n١٧٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ المُؤَذِّنُ، حدثنا عَوفُ بنُ أبى جَميلَةَ، عن أبى القَمُوصِ زَيدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أحَدِ الوَفدِ الَّذينَ وفَدوا إلَى نَبِىِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن وفدِ عبدِ القَيسِ، ألَّا يَكونَ قَيسَ بنَ النُّعمانِ فإِنِّى نَسِيتُ اسمَه. قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أرضَنا أرضٌ وبِئَةٌ (^١) وإِنَّه لا يُوافِقُها إلَّا الشَّرابُ، فما الَّذِى يَحِلُّ لَنا مِنَ الآنيَةِ وما الَّذِى يَحرُمُ عَلَينا؟ قال: \"لا تَشرَبوا في الدُّبّاءِ ولا النَّقيرِ والمُزَفَّتِ، واشرَبوا في الجِلالِ (^٢) - أو قال: الجِلدِ الموكَى (^٣) عَلَيه - فإِنِ اشتَدَّ مَتْنُه فاكسِرُوه بالماءِ، فإِن أعياكُم فأهْريقُوه\" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: الرِّواياتُ الثّابِتَةُ في قِصَّةِ وفدِ عبدِ القَيسِ خاليَةٌ عن هذه اللَّفظَةِ، وفِي هذا الإِسنادِ مَن يُجهَلُ حالُه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وبيئة\"، ورسمت في الأصل: \"وبية\". وأرض وبئة وموبوءة: إذا خالط الهواء أبخرة رديئة. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ١/ ٦٩١.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وعند أحمد ويعقوب بن سفيان: \"الحلال\" بالحاء المهملة، وليس هذا اللفظ عند أبي داود.\n(^٣) الموكى: المشدود فمه بالوكاء، وهو الخيط أو الحبل. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٠٠. وإكمال المعلم ١/ ١٧٦.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٢٩)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩٥) من طريق عوف بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":435},{"text":"وقَد رُوِىَ عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - في هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّه قال: \"فإن خَشِىَ شِرَّتَه - أو قال: شِدَّتَه - فليَصُبَّ عَلَيه الماءَ\":\n\n١٧٤٩٩ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وابنُ صاعِدٍ والحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ أحمدُ بنُ المِقدامِ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال لِوَفدِ عبدِ القَيسِ: \"لا تَشرَبوا في نَقير ولا مُقَيَّرٍ ولا دُبّاءٍ ولا حَنتَمٍ ولا مَزادَةٍ، ولكنِ اشرَبوا في سِقاءِ أحَدِكُم غَيرَ مُسكِرٍ، فإن خَشِىَ شِرَّتَه فليَصُبَّ عَلَيه الماءَ\" (^١). لَفظُ ابنِ مَنيعٍ، ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن نوحِ بنِ قَيسٍ لَم يَذكُروا فيه هذه اللَّفظَةَ، فيُشبِهُ أن تكونَ مِن قَولِ بَعضِ الرّواةِ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ في الكَسرِ بالماءِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ، وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٠٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عليِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ حَبْتَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ مَن سألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن النَّبيذِ عبدُ القَيسِ أتَوه فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا بأرضِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٥٨ بلفظ: \"شدته\".\n(^٢) سيأتي في (١٧٥٣٧).\n(^٣) سيأتي عقب (١٧٥٠٤).","vol":"17","page":436},{"text":"ريفٍ وإِنّا نُصيبُ مِنَ الثُّفْلِ (^١) فأْمُرنا بشَرابٍ. فقالَ: \"اشرَبوا في الأَسقيَةِ، ولا تَشرَبوا في الجَرِّ ولا في الدُّبّاءِ ولا المُزَفَّتِ ولا النَّقيرِ، وإِنِّى نهِيتُ عن الخَمرِ والمَيسِرِ والكوبَةِ - وهِىَ الطَّبلُ - وكلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ فإِذا اشتَدَّ. قال: فقالَ: \"صُبّوا عَلَيه الماءَ\". قال: فإذا اشتَدَّ. قال: \"صُبّوا عَلَيه الماءَ\". قال في الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ: \"فإذا اشتَدَّ فأهْريقوه\" (^٢).\nخالَفَه أبو جَمرَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ فذَكَرَ الكَسْرَ بالماءِ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n١٧٥٠١ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَمرَةَ قال: كان ابنُ عباسٍ يُقعِدُنِى على سَريرِهِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: قُلتُ: فإِنَّ عبدَ القَيسِ تَنتَبِذُ في مَزادٍ لها نَبيذًا شَديدًا. قال: فإِذا خَشيتَ شِدَّتَه فاكسِرْه بالماءِ. ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ عبدَ القَيسِ لما أتَوا رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ لَيسَ فيه الأمرُ بالكَسرِ بالماءِ (^٣). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ.\nوإِنَّما أرادَ بالكَسرِ بالماءِ في هذا وفِي غَيرِه، إذا خَشِىَ شِدَّتَه قبلَ بُلوغِه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"البقل\". والثُّفْل: ما رسب تحت الشيء من خثورة وكدرة، كثفل الزيت والعصير والمرق. الفائق ١/ ١٦٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٦)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٦٥) من طريق على بن بذيمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٤٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٩٧٠، ١٢٨٤٦، ١٢٨٧٦).","vol":"17","page":437},{"text":"حَدَّ الإسكارِ، بدَليلِ قَولِه: \"وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". والحَرامُ لا يُحِلُّه دُخولُ الماءِ فيهِ.\n\n١٧٥٠٢ - وفيما بَلَغَ حَدَّ الإسكارِ ورَدَ ما أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: عَلِمتُ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَصومُ فتَحَيَّنتُ فِطرَه بنَبيذٍ صنَعتُه في دُبّاءٍ، ثُمَّ أتَيتُه به فإِذا هو يَنِشُّ (^١) فقالَ: \"اضرِبْ بهَذا الحائطَ (^٢)، فإِنَّ هذا شرابُ مَن لا يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحُلْوانِىُّ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ يَحيَى، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عَلَّاقٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ واقِدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ حُسَينٍ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ أبَا هريرةَ يقولُ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) يَنِشّ: أي يغلى، يقالُ: نَشَّتِ الخمر تَنِشُّ نَشيشًا، إذا غلت. النهاية ٥/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) اضرب بهذا الحائط: أي اصببه وأرقه في البستان. عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٤٢)، والمعرفة (٥٢٢٢)، وأبو داود (٣٧١٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٢٦) عن هشام بن عمار به. وابن ماجه (٣٤٠٩) من طريق صدقة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٦٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (١٥٣)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٥٧، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٨/ ٣٢٦، ٣٢٧ من طريق الهيثم بن خارجة به.","vol":"17","page":438},{"text":"١٧٥٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أنبأنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبى موسَى، أنَّه سَمِعَ القاسِمَ بنَ مُخَيمِرَةَ يُخبِرُ، أن أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ - ﵁ - أتَى النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - بنَبيذِ جَرٍّ يَنِشُّ، فقالَ: \"اضرِبْ به الحائطَ، فإِنَّه لا يَشرَبُ هذا مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ولَو كان إلَى إحْلالِه بصَبِّ الماءِ عَلَيه سَبيلٌ لَما أمَرَ بإِراقَتِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورأيتُ في حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ كِلابٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - مَرفوعًا: \"لا تَنتَبِذوا في الدُّبّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ ولا النَّقيرِ ولا الحَنْتَمَةِ (^٢)، ولا تَنبِذوا البُسْرَ والرُّطَبَ جَميعًا، ولا التَّمرَ والزَّبيبَ جَميعًا، وما كان سِوَى ذَلِكَ فاشتَدَّ عَلَيكم فاكسِروه بالماءِ\" (^٣). وثُمامَةُ بنُ كِلابٍ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٤)، والثّابِتُ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ عن أبي سلمةَ عن أبي قَتادَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّهىِ عن الخَليطَينِ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٢٥٩) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والبزار في مسنده (٣١٩٢)، والباغندى في أماليه (٢٣) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٤٥: سنده منقطع.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحنتم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٥٧)، وإسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (١٢٤٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به، وليس عند أحمد: \"وما كان سوى ذلك\".\n(^٤) ينظر ترجمته في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٧٨، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٦٧، والثقات لابن حبان ٦/ ١٢٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤٠٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٢٠: مقبول.\n(^٥) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٧٥٢١).","vol":"17","page":439},{"text":"ورأيتُه أيضًا في حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ عن أبي كَثيرٍ السُّحَيمِيِّ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"إذا رابَكَ مِن شَرابِكَ رَيْبٌ فشُنَّ عَلَيه الماءَ، أَمِطْ عَنكَ حَرامَه واشرَبْ حَلالَه\". وهَذا أيضًا ضَعيفٌ؛ عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ اختَلَطَ في آخِرِ عُمُرِه وساءَ حِفظُه فرَوَى ما لَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nوقَد رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ، قال: وقَولُه: إذا رابَكَ. قالَه أبو هريرةَ (^٢). وذَكَرَه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ في \"مسنده\".\n\n١٧٥٠٥ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ شَبَّةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، عن الكَلبِىِّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبي وداعَةَ السَّهمِيِّ قال: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالبَيتِ في يَومٍ قائظٍ شَديدِ الحَرِّ فاستَسقَى رَهطًا مِن قُرَيشٍ، فقالَ: \"هَل عِندَ أحَدٍ مِنكُم شَرابٌ فيُرسِلَ إلَيهِ؟ \". فأرسَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم إلَى مَنزِلِه فجاءَت جاريَةٌ مَعَها إناءٌ فيه نَبيذُ زَبيبٍ، فلَمّا رآها النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا خَمَّرَتْه ولَو بعودٍ تَعرُضُه عَلَيه؟! \". فَلَمّا أدناه مِنه وجَدَ له رائحَةً شَديدَةً فقَطَّبَ (^٣) ورَدَّ الإِناءَ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنْ يَكُنْ حَرامًا لَم نَشرَبْه. فاستَعادَ الإناءَ وصَنَعَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فدَعا بدَلْوٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٦٥٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٧٤) من طريق عكرمة به موقوفًا.\n(^٣) قطب: بالتخفيف والتثقيل، أي قبض ما بين عينيه كما يفعله العَبوس. انظر النهاية ٤/ ٧٩.","vol":"17","page":440},{"text":"مِن ماءِ زَمزَمَ فصَبَّه على الإناءِ وقالَ: \"إذا اشتَدَّ عَلَيكُم شَرابُكُم (^١) فاصْنَعوا به هَكَذا\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الكَلبِىِّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبي وداعَةَ قال: طافَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في يَومٍ حارٍّ فاستَسقَى، فأُتِىَ بإِناءٍ مِن نَبيذٍ، فلَمّا رَفَعَه إلَى فيه قَطَّبَ فتَرَكَه، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا شَرابُ أهلِ مَكَّةَ، أحَرامٌ هوَ؟ فسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ أتاه الثّانيَةَ فقَطَّبَ فنَحّاه، فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فدعَا بذَنوبٍ أو دَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيه ثُمَّ سَقَى الَّذِى يَليه والَّذِى عن يَمينِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"هَكَذا اصنَعوا به إذا غَلَبَكُم\" (^٣). فهَذا إنَّما رَواه الكَلبِىُّ، والكَلبِىُّ مَتروكٌ (^٤)، وأبو صالِحٍ باذانُ ضَعيفٌ (^٥)، لا يُحتَجُّ بخَبَرِهِما.\n\n١٧٥٠٧ - ورَواه يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ عن سُفيانَ، فغَلِطَ في إسنادِه:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"شرابه\".\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦١، ٢٦٢. وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة ١/ ٢٨٧ من طريق المقدمى به بنحوه، وليس فيه: \"إذا اشتد. . .\". والطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٩١ (٦٨٩) من طريق أبى صالح به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه الواقدى في مغازيه ٢/ ٨٦٤، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٩١، ٢٩٢ (٦٩٠) من طريق سفيان به. والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٢ من طريق الكلبى بنحوه.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٢٦٤٦).\n(^٥) أبو صالح باذام، ويقال: باذان، مولى أم هانئ بنت أبى طالب. ينظر ترجمته في: التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٤٤، والجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٣٥، والمجروحين ١/ ١٨٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٦، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٩٣: ضعيف مدلس.","vol":"17","page":441},{"text":"أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ يَمانٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وأحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بَحْرٍ العَطّارُ جَميعًا بالبَصرَةِ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: عَطِشَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَولَ الكَعبَةِ فاستَسقَى، فأُتِىَ بنَبيذٍ مِنَ السِّقايَةِ فشَمَّه فقَطَّبَ فقالَ: \"علىَّ بذَنوبٍ مِن زَمزَمَ\". فصَبَّه عَلَيه ثُمَّ شَرِبَ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: حَرامٌ هو يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الشَّهيدِىِّ. وَحَديثُ أبى مَعمَرٍ مُختَصَرٌ: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وهو في الطَّوافِ: أحَلالٌ هو أم حَرامٌ؟ قال: \"حَلالٌ\". يَعنِى النَّبيذَ. قال علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ: هذا حَديثٌ مَعروفٌ بيَحيَى بنِ يَمانٍ، ويُقالُ: إنَّه انقَلَبَ عَلَيه الإسنادُ واختَلَطَ بحَديثِ الكَلبِىِّ عن أبي صالِحٍ (^٢). والكَلبِىُّ مَتروكٌ، وأبو صالِحٍ ضَعيفٌ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ يقولُ: ابنُ يَمانٍ سَريعُ النِّسيانِ، وحَديثُه خَطأٌ عن الثَّورِيِّ عن مَنصورٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ٩٠٠، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٣. وعند ابن عدى: الحسين بن عبد الله القطان حدثنا إسحاق بن موسى الأنصاري. بدلًا من: الحسن بن سفيان حدثنا أبو معمر. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٧١٩) عن يحيى بن اليمان به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٤.","vol":"17","page":442},{"text":"أبى مَسعودٍ، إنَّما هو عن الكَلبِىِّ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ أبي وَدَاعَةَ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا الجُنَيدِىُّ قال: قال البخاريُّ في حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ اليَمانِ هذا: لَم يَصِحَّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - هَذا. وقالَ الأشجَعِىُّ وغَيرُه عن سُفيانَ عن الكَلبِىِّ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن المُطَّلِبِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المحمودِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى قال: ذَكَرتُ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ حَديثَ سُفيانَ عن مَنصورٍ في النَّبيذِ. قال: لا تُحَدِّثْ بهَذا.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد سَرَقَه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبانٍ فرَواه عن سُفيانَ، وسَرَقَه الْيَسَعُ بنُ إسماعيلَ فرَواه عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ عن سُفيانَ، وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبانٍ مَتروكٌ (^٣)، والْيَسَعُ بنُ إسماعيلَ ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ عن أبى الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الكامل ٣/ ٩٠٠.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ٨٩٩، ٩٠٠، والتاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٣/ ١٥٣.\n(^٣) هو عبد العزيز بن أبان، أبو خالد القرشي الأموى. ينظر ترجمته في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣٠، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٧٧، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٤٠، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ١٠٧، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٠٧، ٥٠٨: متروك، وكذبه ابن معين وغيره.\n(^٤) هو اليسع بن إسماعيل، أبو موسى الضرير. ينظر ترجمته في: تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٣٥٨، والإكمال ٧/ ٤٢٧، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٥٥، ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٩٨.\n(^٥) ينظر سنن الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٤.","vol":"17","page":443},{"text":"ورَواه جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قِصَّةِ طَوافِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ودُعائِه بشَرابٍ قال: فأُتِىَ بشَرابٍ فشَرِبَ مِنه، ثُمَّ دَعا بالماءِ فصَبَّه فيه فشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ اشتَدَّ عَلَيه فدَعا بماءٍ فصَبَّه فيه، ثُمَّ شَرِبَ مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً، ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا اشتَدَّ عَلَيكُم فاقتُلوه بالماءِ\" (^١). ويَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به لسُوءِ حِفظِهِ (^٢).\nوقَد رَوَى خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قِصَّةَ طَوافِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وشُربِه، لَم يَذكُرْ فيها ما ذَكَرَ يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ (^٣)، وإِنَّما تُعرَفُ هذه الزّيادَةُ مِن رِوايَةِ الكَلبِىِّ كما مَضَى، وزادَ يَزيدُ شُرْبَه مِنه قبلَ خَلطِه بالماءِ، وهو بخِلافِ سائرِ الرِّواياتِ، وكَيفَ يُظَنُّ بالنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - أن يَشرَبَ المُسكِرَ إن كان مُسكِرًا - على زَعمِهِم - قبلَ أن يَخلِطَه بالماءِ؟! فدَلَّ على أنَّه لا أصلَ له، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا دارِمٌ يَعنى ابنَ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحَنَفِىَّ قال: شَهِدتُ عَطاءً وسُئلَ عن النَّبيذِ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". فقُلتُ: يا ابنَ أبى رَباحٍ، إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ يَسقونَنا في المَسجِدِ. فقالَ: أما واللهِ لَقَد أدرَكْتُها وإِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٣٥٣) من طريق يزيد بن أبي زياد بنحوه.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٢٣٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٩٧٣٧).","vol":"17","page":444},{"text":"الرَّجُلَ لَيَشرَبُ مِنها فتَلتَزِقُ شَفَتاه مِن حَلاوَتِها، ولَكِنَّ الحُرّيَّةَ ذَهَبَت ووَليَها العَبيدُ فتَهاوَنوا بها (^١).\n\n١٧٥٠٩ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدُّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيْبانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ ابنُ أخِى القَعقاعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: وجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن رَجُلٍ ريحَ نَبيذٍ فقالَ: \"ما هذه الرِّيحُ؟ \".\n\n١٧٥١٠ - أخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الشَّيْبانِىِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ نافِعٍ ابنِ أخِى القَعقاعِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فوَجَدَ مِنه ريحًا فقالَ: \"ما هذه الرّيحُ؟ \". فقالَ: نَبيذٌ. قال: \"فأرسِلْ إلَىَّ مِنه\". فأرسَلَ إلَيه فوَجَدَه شَديدًا، فدَعا بماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيه ثُمَّ شَرِبَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا اغتَلَمَتْ (^٢) أشرِبَتُكُم فاكْسِروها بالماءِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٥١١ - ورَواه أيضًا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ عن قُرَّةَ العِجْلِىِّ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ وقالَ: \"فاقطَعوا مُتونَها بالماءِ\" أخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أحمد في الأشربة (١٥١)، وفيه: آدم. مكان: دارم. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٥٣. وأخرجه الفاكهى في أخبار مكة ٢/ ٦٢ من طريق دارم به.\n(^٢) اغتلمت: هاجت سورتها وحمياها. الفائق ٣/ ٧٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧١١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢١٩، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٢ من طريق سليمان الشيبانى به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٤٤١).","vol":"17","page":445},{"text":"حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ كَذَالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنى قُرَّةُ العِجْلىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ ابنِ أخِى القَعقاعِ بنِ شَوْرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فذُكِرَ له شَرَابٌ، فأُتِىَ بقَدَحٍ مِنه، فلَمّا قَرَّبَه إلَى فيه كَرِهَه فرَدَّه، فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: أحَرامٌ هو يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"رُدُّوه\". فأخَذَ مِنه ثُمَّ دَعا بماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"انظُروا هذه الأسقيَةَ إذا اغتَلَمَتْ فاقطَعوا مُتونَها بالماءِ\" (^١).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بعَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ نافِعٍ هذا، وهو رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ (^٢)، اختَلَفوا في اسمِه واسمِ أبيه؛ فقيلَ هَكَذا، وقيلَ: عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ القَعقاعِ. وقيلَ: ابنُ أبي القَعقاعِ. وقيلَ: مالكُ بنُ القَعقاعِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ قال: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: أرأيتَ حَديثَ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ نافِعٍ الَّذِى يَرويه إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ في النَّبيذِ؟ قال: هُم يُضَعِّفونَه (^٣).\nقال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخاريُّ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٢١٩) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) هو عبد الملك بن نافع الشيبانى الكوفى. ويقال: عبد الملك بن القعقاع. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤٣٣، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٧١، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ١٣٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٥٢، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٤٢٤، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٢٤: مجهول.\n(^٣) الكامل ٥/ ١٩٤٤.","vol":"17","page":446},{"text":"عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ نافِعٍ ابنُ أخِى القَعقاعِ بنِ شَورٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ في النَّبيذِ، لَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nوقالَ أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائيُّ: عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ نافِعٍ لَيسَ بمَشهورٍ ولا يُحتَجُّ بحَديثِه، والمشهورُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ خِلافُ حِكايَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥١٢ - وأمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: تَلَقَّتْ ثَقيفُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بنَبيذٍ فوَجَدَه شَديدًا، فدَعا بماءٍ فصَبَّ عَلَيه مَرَّتَينَ أو ثَلاثًا (^٣).\n\n١٧٥١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَجّاجُ، حدثنا جَدِّى، جَميعًا عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى مُعاذُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التَّيمِىُّ، أنَّ أبَاه عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عثمانَ قال: صاحَبتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إلَى مَكَّةَ فأهدَى له رَكْبٌ مِن ثَقيفَ سَطِيحَتَينِ (^٤) مِن نَبيذٍ، والسَّطيحَةُ فوقَ الإداوَةِ ودونَ المَزادَةِ. قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عثمانَ:\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٤٤، والتاريخ الكبير للبخاري ٥/ ٤٣٤.\n(^٢) النسائي عقب (٥٧١١).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٢٢)، والنسائي (٥٧٢٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وفيهما زيادة: \"هكذا فافعلوا\". وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٤٤٥).\n(^٤) السطيحة: المزادة من جلدين قوبل أحدهما بالآخر فسطح عليه. النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٥.","vol":"17","page":447},{"text":"فشَرِبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - إحداهُما - قال حَجّاجٌ: طَيِّبَةً - ثُمَّ أُهدِىَ له لَبَنٌ فعَدَلَه عن شُربِ الأُخرَى حَتَّى اشتَدَّ ما فيها، فذَهَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ليَشرَبَ مِنها فوَجَدَه قَدِ اشتَدَّ، فقالَ: اكسِروه بالماءِ (^١).\nفإِنَّما كان اشتِدادُه واللهُ أعلمُ بالحُموضَةِ أو بالحَلاوَةِ؛ فقَد رُوِىَ عن نافِعٍ مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال ليَرفا: اذهَبْ إلَى إخوانِنا فالتَمِسْ لَنا عِندَهُم شَرابًا. فأتاهُم فقالوا: ما عِندَنا إلَّا هذه الإداوَةُ وقَد تَغَيَّرَتْ. فدَعا بها عُمَرُ - ﵁ - فذاقَها، فقَبَّضَ وجهَه ثُمَّ دَعا بماءٍ فصَبَّ عَلَيه ثُمَّ شَرِبَ. قال نافِعٌ: واللهِ ما قَبَّضَ وجهَه إلَّا أنَّها تَخَلَّلَت (^٢).\n\n١٧٥١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الجَوْزِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الدُّنيا، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: واللهِ ما قَبَّضَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وجهَه عن الإداوَةِ حينَ ذاقَها إلَّا أنَّها تَخَلَّلَت (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - بنَحوٍ مِن رِوايَةِ نافِعٍ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٦٦، وفيه: \"لحينه\" بدلًا من: \"طيبة\". وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢١٨ من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٢) ينظر شرح معانى الآثار ٤/ ٢١٨، والفتح ١٠/ ٤١.\n(^٣) ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم المسكر (٣١).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٢٢٤).","vol":"17","page":448},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ عن عُتبَةَ بنِ فرقَدٍ قال: كان النَّبيذُ الَّذِى شَرِبَه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قَد تَخَلَّلَ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أن أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كانوا إذا حَمُضَ عَلَيهِمُ النَّبيذُ كَسَروه بالماءِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: أنتَ حَدَّثتَنِى عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: إنَّما كَسَرَ عُمَرُ النَّبيذَ مِن شِدَّةِ حَلاوَتِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الجَرّاحِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سَاسُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنِى علىٌّ البَاشانِىُّ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المبارَكِ: قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ لأبِى حَنيفَةَ في النَّبيذِ، فقالَ أبو حَنيفَةَ: أخَذنَاه مِن قِبَلِ أبيكَ. قال: وأبِى مَن هوَ؟! قال: إذا رابَكُم فاكْسِروه بالماءِ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ العُمَرِىُّ: إذا تَيَقَّنتَ به ولَم تَرتَبْ كَيفَ تَصنَعُ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ أبو حَنيفَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٧٢٣) من طريق قيس بن أبي حازم به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٦٥).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد في العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٣٨٤١)، وابن الأعرابى في معجمه (١٩٤، ١٦٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن معين به.\n(^٤) في م: \"بن السكرى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦١ من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.","vol":"17","page":449},{"text":"١٧٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الجَوْزِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي الدُّنيا، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى سَمينَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىَّ يقولُ: ما في شَربَةٍ مِن نَبيذٍ ما يُخاطِرُ رَجُلٌ بدينِهِ (^١).\n\n١٧٥١٨ - وسَمِعتُ أبا القاسِمِ عبدَ الخالِقِ بنَ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عليٍّ محمدَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ مَحمودٍ المُزَكِّى ببُخارَى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللهِ محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىَّ الإمامَ بسَمَرقَندَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ إدريسَ الكوفِىَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ لأهلِ الكوفَةِ: يا أهلَ الكوفَةِ، إنَّما حَديثُكُمُ الَّذِى تُحَدِّثونَه في الرُّخصَةِ في النَّبيذِ عن العُمْيانِ والعُورانِ والعُمْشانِ، أينَ أنتُم عن أبناءِ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ؟ حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقّاصٍ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي الدنيا في ذم المسكر (٤١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٦٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٨٦٤) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس بلفظ: \"كل مسكر حرام\". وأحمد (٤٨٣١)، والنسائي (٥٧١٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٩٠) من طريق محمد بن عَمْرو بن علقمة به. وليس في أي من هذه المصادر ذكر كلام ابن إدريس. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٦٣): حسن صحيح.","vol":"17","page":450},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3704>بابُ الخَليطَينِ</span>\n\n١٧٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وجَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه نَهَى أن يُنتَبَذَ الزَّبيبُ والتَّمرُ جَميعًا، ونَهَى أن يُنتَبَذَ البُسْرُ والرُّطَبُ جَميعًا (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وعن شَيبانَ عن جَريرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُجمَعَ بَينَ التَّمرِ والزَّهْوِ (^٣)، وبَينَ التَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ، وأمَرَ أن\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب (١٨)، وأبو داود (٣٧٠٣). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٨٧٦)، والنسائي (٥٥٧١) عن قتيبة به، وليس عند الترمذي الزبيب والتمر. وأحمد (١٤٢٤٠) من طريق جرير بن حازم به. وابن حبان (٥٣٧٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٨٦/ ١٦، ١٧)، والبخاري (٥٦٠١).\n(^٣) الزهو: هو البسر الملون الذي بدا فيه حمرة أو صفرة، وطاب. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٢، والنهاية ٢/ ٣٢٣.","vol":"17","page":451},{"text":"يُنبَذَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على حِدَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَنبِذوا (^٣) الرُّطَبَ والزَّهوَ جَميعًا، والتَّمرَ والزَّبيبَ جَميعًا، وانْبِذوا كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على حِدَتِه\". قال يَحيَى: فسألتُ عن ذَلِكَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى قَتادَةَ فأخبَرَنِى بذَلِكَ عن أبيهِ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىِّ عن رَوحٍ (^٥).\n\n١٧٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا أبانٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن خَليطِ البُسْرِ والتَّمرِ، وعن خَليطِ الزَّبيبِ والتَّمرِ، وعن خَليطِ الزَّهْوِ والرُّطَبِ، وقالَ: \"انتَبِذوا كُلَّ واحِدٍ على حِدَتِه\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٤٦)، والدارمى (٢١١٣)، والنسائي (٥٥٨٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٦٠٢).\n(^٣) في م: \"تنتبذوا\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦٢٩)، وأبو عوانة (٨٠١٤) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. والنسائي (٥٥٦٧) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٨٨).","vol":"17","page":452},{"text":"قال: وحَدَّثَنى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بهَذا (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ عن عَفّانَ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وأبِى هريرةَ وابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ورَضِىَ عَنهُم (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحْمَسِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ الفِزْرِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَا إنَّ المُزّاةَ حَرامٌ، ألَا إنَّ المُزّاةَ حَرامٌ؛ خَلطُ البُسْرِ والتَّمرِ، والتَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ثابِتِ بنِ عُمارَةَ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى رَيْطَةُ، عن كَبشَةَ بنتِ أبى مَريَمَ قالَت: سألتُ أُمَّ سلمةَ: ما كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَنهَى عَنهُ؟ قالَت: كان يَنهانا أن نَعْجُمَ النَّوَى طَبخًا، أو نَخلِطَ الزَّبيبَ والتَّمرَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يُشبِهُ أنَّه إنَّما نَهَى عن المُبالَغَةِ في نَضجِ النَّوَى؛ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٦١٨)، وأبو عوانة (٨٠١٥) من طريق عفان به. وأبو داود (٣٧٠٤) من طريق أبان به. والنسائي (٥٥٦٦، ٥٥٧٦، ٥٥٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٩٧) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٨٨/ ٢٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٩٨٧/ ٢٠، ٢١) عن أبي سعيد، وفى (١٩٨٩/ ٢٦) عن أبي هريرة، وفى (١٩٩٠/ ٢٧) عن ابن عباس، وفى (١٩٩١/ ٢٨) عن ابن عمر.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٧٥)، وأبو يعلى (٤٠٤٧، ٤٠٤٨) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٧٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٠٥) من طريق يحيى به. وأبو يعلى (٦٩٨٤) من طريق ثابت بن عمارة به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٩٤).","vol":"17","page":453},{"text":"أجلِ أنَّه يُفسِدُ طَعمَ التَّمرِ، أو لأنَّه عَلَفُ الدَّواجِنِ فتَذهَبُ قوَّتُه إذا نَضِجَ. قالَه أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ ﵀ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَلمانَ، عن عُقَيلِ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، [عن أخيه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ] (^٢)، عن امرأةٍ، أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَنتَبِذوا التَّمرَ والزَّبيبَ جَميعًا؛ انبِذوا كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما وحدَه\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: نَهىُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - عن الخَليطَينِ يَحتَمِلُ أمرَينِ: أحَدُهُما، أن يَكونَ إنَّما نَهَى عنه لخَلطِهِما، سَواءٌ بَلَغَ حَدَّ الإسكارِ أو لَم يَبلُغْ، وأباحَ شُربَه إذا نُبِذَ على حِدَتِه. والآخَرُ، أن يَكونَ إنَّما نَهَى عنه لأنَّه أقرَبُ إلَى الاشتِدادِ، وإِذا نُبِذَ على حِدَتِه كان أبْعدَ عن الاشتِدادِ، فما لَم يَبلُغْ حالَةَ الاشتِدادِ في المَوضِعَينِ جَميعًا لا يَحرُمُ.\nوعَلَى هذا المَعنَى الثّانِى يَدُلُّ ما:\n\n١٧٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٢) ليس في: ص ٨. وينظر ما سيأتي في تخريج الحديث.\n(^٣) ابن وهب (٢٠). وأخرجه الحميدي (٣٥٦)، وابن سعد ٨/ ٤٠٦، وأحمد (٢٣٩٣٢)، والطبراني ٢٥/ ١٤٧ (٣٥٣، ٣٥٤)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٢٩١ من طريق معبد بن كعب عن أمه، دون ذكر عبد الله بن كعب بن مالك. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٥٥: رواه أحمد وفيه ابن إسحاق وهو ثقة ولكنه مدلس، وبقية رجاله ثقات.","vol":"17","page":454},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ داودَ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن امرأةٍ مِن بَنِى أسَدٍ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يُنبَذُ له زَبيبٌ فيُلقَى فيه تَمرٌ، أو تَمرٌ فيُلقَى فيه زَبيبٌ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ يَحيَى الحَسّانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ، حدثنا عَتّابُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ الحِمّانِىُّ، حَدَّثَتْنِى صَفيَّةُ بنتُ عَطيَّةَ قالَت: دَخَلتُ مَعَ نِسوَةٍ مِن عبدِ القَيسِ على عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، فسألناها عن التَّمرِ والزَّبيبِ فقالَت: كنتُ آخُذُ قَبضَةً مِن تَمرٍ وقَبضَةً مِن زَبيبٍ فأُلقيه في إناءٍ فأمرُسُه (^٢)، ثُمَّ أسقيه النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن قَتادَةَ بنَ دِعامَةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُخلَطَ التَّمرُ والزَّهْوُ ثُمَّ يُشرَبَ، وأنَّ ذَلِكَ كان عامَّةَ خُمورِهِم يَومَ (^٤) حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ (^٥). قال البخاريُّ: وقالَ عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ. فذَكَرَه، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٧٠٧). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٩٥).\n(^٢) أي: تدلكه بأصابعها في الماء. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣١٩، وعون المعبود ٣/ ٣٨٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٠٨). وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٩٦).\n(^٤) في ص ٨: \"حين\".\n(^٥) ابن وهب (٢١)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٣٨٠).\n(^٦) البخاري عقب (٥٦٠٠)، ومسلم (١٩٨١/ ٨).","vol":"17","page":455},{"text":"وفِي هذا الحَديثِ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه إنَّما نَهَى عنه لِكَونِه خَمرًا، والخَمرُ ما خامَرَ العَقلَ، وعَلَى [أنّا نَستَحِبُّ] (^١) تَركَ الخَليطَينِ وإِن لَم يَكُنْ مُسكِرًا؛ لِثُبوتِ الأخبارِ في النَّهىِ عنه مُطلَقًا، وأنَّها أثبَتُ ممّا رُوِّينا في الإباحَةِ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3705>بابُ الأوعيَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ سوَيدٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الدُّبَّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ وغَيرِه عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَطَبَ النّاسَ في بَعضِ مَغازيه، قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: فأقبَلتُ نَحوَه\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أنه يستحب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٤)، والنسائي (٥٦٤٣) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٩٤).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٥٥٩٤)، ومسلم (١٩٩٤).","vol":"17","page":456},{"text":"فانصَرَفَ قبلَ أن أبلُغَه، فسألتُ: ماذا قالَ؟ قالوا: نَهَى أن يُنبَذَ في الدُّبّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّهُما شَهِدا أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الدُّبّاءِ والحَنتَمِ والنَّقيرِ والمُزَفَّتِ (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن مَروانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ حَكيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن نَبيذِ الجَرِّ، فقالَ: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَبيذَ الجَرِّ. قال: فأتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٣٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٧٩، ومالك ٢/ ٨٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٧٤، ٥٠٩٢، ٥٤٧٧)، والنسائي (٥٦٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٠٢) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٩٧/ ٤٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٣٠٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩٠)، والنسائي (٥٦٥٩) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٩٧/ ٤٦).","vol":"17","page":457},{"text":"ألا تَسمَعُ ما يقولُ ابنُ عُمَرَ؟ قال: وما يَقولُ؟ قُلتُ: قال: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَبيذَ الجَرِّ. فقالَ: صدَقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ، حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَبيذَ الجَرِّ. فقُلتُ: وأىُّ شَئٍ نَبيذُ الجَرِّ؟ فقالَ: كُلُّ شَئٍ يُصنَعُ مِنَ المَدَرِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ شَيبانَ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: أخبرَنِى. وقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَنتَبِذوا (^٤) في الدُّبّاءِ ولا المُزَفَّتِ\" (^٥). وكانَ أبو هريرةَ يُلحِقُ مَعَها الحَنتَمَ والنَّقيرَ (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٧).\n\n١٧٥٣٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المدَر: قطع الطين اليابس. تهذيب اللغة ١٤/ ٨٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٩١٦)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩١) من طريق جرير به. والنسائي (٥٦٣٥، ٥٦٣٦) من طريق سعيد بن جبير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٩٧/ ٤٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"تنبذوا\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٨١٠٩)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٩٨٣) من طريق أبى اليمان به. والدارمى (٢١٥٦) من طريق شعيب به. وليس عندهم ذكر أبي هريرة.\n(^٦) سيأتي في (١٧٥٣٥).\n(^٧) البخاري (٥٥٨٧).","vol":"17","page":458},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن الدُّبّاءِ والمُزفَّتِ أن يُنبَذَ فيهِما (^١).\n\n١٧٥٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الدُّبّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ أن يُنتَبَذَ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٣٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَنتَبِذوا (^٣) في الدُّبّاءِ والمُزَفَّتِ\". قال: ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: واجتَنِبوا الحَناتِمَ والنَّقيرَ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٧١) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٥٦٤٥) من طريق الزهري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥٢٠٢).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) في م: \"تنبذوا\".\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٨٨)، والنسائي (٥٦٤٦) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٥٤٠٤، ٥٤٠٨) من طريق أبى سلمة به، وليس عند النسائي وابن حبان قول أبي هريرة.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٩٢/ ٣١).","vol":"17","page":459},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا نوحُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال لِوَفدِ عبدِ القَيْسِ: \"أنهاكُم عن النَّقيرِ والمُقَيَّرِ والحَنتَمِ والدُّبّاءِ والمَزادَةِ المجْبوبَةِ، ولَكِنِ اشرَبْ في سِقائِكَ وأَوْكِهْ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ عليٍّ (^٢).\nوفِي حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ: قيلَ لأبِى هريرةَ: ما الحَنتَمُ؟ قال: الجَرُّ الأخضَرُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى أوفَى يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن نَبيذِ الجَرِّ الأخضَرِ. قُلتُ: أنَشْرَبُ (^٤) في جِرارِ البيضِ؟ قال: لا (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ (^٦).\n\n١٧٥٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٤٠٥) من طريق نصر بن على بنحوه. وأبو داود (٣٦٩٣) من طريق نوح بن قيس به. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (١٧٤٩٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٩٣/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٩٩٣/ ٣٢) من طريق أبى صالح عن أبي هريرة.\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"أشرب\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٠٣)، والنسائي (٥٦٣٧) من طريق الشيبانى به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٥٩٦).","vol":"17","page":460},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبي أوفَى قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن نَبيذِ الجَرِّ الأخضَرِ والأبيَضِ والأحمَرِ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن النَّقيرِ والمُزَفَّتِ والدُّبّاءِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٤١ - وعن جابِرٍ قال: كان يُنبَذُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سِقاءٍ، فإِذا لَم يَجِدوا له سِقاءً نُبِذَ له في تَوْرٍ مِن حِجارَةٍ، فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ وأنا أسمَعُ لأبِى الزُّبَيرِ: مِن بِرَامٍ (^٣)؟ قال: مِن بِرَامٍ (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٧٩. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٣٨) من طريق سفيان به، دون ذكر الأحمر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٥١٩٥) دون قوله: الأبيض. فإنه مدرج.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠١٢) من طريق زهير أبى خيثمة به.\n(^٣) البِرَام: حجارة تصنع منها القدور بمكة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣٧٠٢) من طريق زهير أبى خيثمة به. وليس عند أبي داود ذكر البِرَام. والنسائي (٥٦٦٣، ٥٦٦٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٩٩/ ٥٩، ٦١، ٦٢).","vol":"17","page":461},{"text":"وفِي البابِ عن عائشَةَ وأبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ وغَيرِهِما.\n\n١٧٥٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ زاذَانَ يقولُ: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: أخبِرْنا بما نَهَى عنه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأوعيَةِ؛ أخبِرْنا بلُغَتِكُم، وفَسِّرْه لَنا بلُغَتِنا. قال: نَهَى عن الحَنتَمِ وهِىَ الجَرَّةُ، ونَهَى عن المُزَفَّتِ وهِىَ المُقَيَّرُ، ونَهَى عن الدُّبّاءِ وهو القَرْعُ، ونَهَى عن النَّقيرِ، وهِىَ أصلُ النَّخْلَةِ تُنقَرُ نَقرًا وتُنسَجُ نَسجًا (^١)، وأمَرَ أن يُنتَبَذَ في الأسقيَةِ (^٢). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى وبُندارٍ عن أبي داودَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٤٣ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جَوْشَنٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: كان أبو بكْرَةَ يُنتَبَذُ له في جَرَّةٍ، فقَدِمَ أبو بَرزَةَ مِن غَيبَةٍ كان\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه بالحاء المهملة، أي: تقشر والله أعلم\". وهى كذلك بالحاء المهملة في المصادر. قال النووي في شرح صحيح مسلم ١٣/ ١٦٥: هكذا هو في معظم الروايات - يعني بالحاء المهملة - والنسخ بسين وحاء مهمتين أي: تقشر، ثم تنقر فتصير نقيرًا، ووقع لبعض الرواة في بعض النسخ: تنسج بالجيم. قال القاضي وغيره: هو تصحيف، وادعى بعض المتأخرين أنه وقع في نسخ صحيح مسلم والترمذي بالجيم، وليس كما قال، بل معظم نسخ مسلم بالحاء. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٢.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٠٥١)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (١٨٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٥١٩١)، والنسائي (٥٦٦١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٩٧).","vol":"17","page":462},{"text":"غابَها فنَزَلَ بمَنزِلِ أبى بكْرَةَ قبلَ أن يأتِىَ مَنزِلَه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إنكارِ ما نُبِذَ له في جَرَّةٍ، وقَولِه لامرأتِه: ودِدتُ أنَّكِ جَعَلتيه في سِقاءٍ. وأنَّ أبا بكرَةَ حينَ جاءَ قال: قَد عَرَفْنا الذِى نُهينا عنه؛ نُهينا عن الدُّبّاءِ والنَّقيرِ والحَنتَمِ والمُزَفَّتِ، فأمّا الدُّبّاءُ فإِنّا مَعشَرَ ثَقيفَ بالطّائفِ كُنّا نأخُذُ الدُّبّاءَ فنَخرِطُ فيها عَناقيدَ العِنَبِ ثُمَّ نَدفِنُها ثُمَّ نَترُكُها حَتَّى تَهدِرَ ثُمَّ تَموتَ، وأمّا النَّقيرُ فإِنَّ أهلَ اليَمامَةِ كانوا يَنقُرونَ أصلَ النَّخلَةِ فيَشدَخونَ فيه الرُّطَبَ والبُسرَ ثُمَّ يَدَعونَه حَتَّى يَهدِرَ (^١) ثُمَّ يَموتَ، وأمّا الحَنتَمُ فجِرارٌ كان يُحمَلُ إلَينا فيها الخَمرُ، وأمّا المُزَفَّتُ فهِىَ هذه الأوعيَةُ التي فيها هذا الزِّفتُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: كذا رُوِىَ عن أبي بكْرَةَ، وقَد قال جَماعَةٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ: إن المَعنَى في النَّهىِ عن الانتِباذِ في هذه الأوعيَةِ أن النَّبيذَ فيها يَكونُ أسرَعَ إلَى الفَسادِ والاشتِدادِ حَتَّى يَصيرَ مُسْكِرًا، وهو في الأسقيَةِ أبعَدُ مِنه، ثُمَّ ورَدَتِ الرُّخصَةُ في الأوعيَةِ كُلِّها إذا لَم يَشرَبوا مُسْكِرًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3706>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الأوعيَةِ بعدَ النَّهىِ</span>\n\n١٧٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بَكْرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) هَدَر الشراب يَهْدِر هَدْرًا: غلا. الصحاح ٢/ ٨٥٢.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٩٢٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٤٠٧) من طريق عيينة بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":463},{"text":"حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى عِياضٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: لمَّا نَهَى النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - عن الأوعيَةِ قالوا: لَيسَ كُلُّ النّاسِ يَجِدُ سِقاءً. فأرخَصَ في الجَرِّ غَيرِ المُزَفَّتِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِىِّ: فأذِنَ لَهُم في الجَرِّ غَيرِ المُزَفَّتِ. وسَقَطَ مِن إسنادِ حَديثِه أبو عياضٍ وهو فيهِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ فيّاضٍ، عن أبي عياضٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: ذَكَرَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - الأوعيَةَ؛ الدُّبّاءَ والحَنتَمَ والمُزَفَّتَ والنَّقيرَ، فقالَ أعرابِىٌّ: إنَّه لا ظُروفَ. قال: \"اشرَبوا ما حَلَّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٤٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ بإِسنادِه قال: \"اجتَنِبوا ما أسكَرَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١٧٩، وأحمد (٦٤٩٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٩٦١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٩٣)، ومسلم (٢٠٠٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٧٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٢٨ من طريق شريك بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٤٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٠١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٤٨).","vol":"17","page":464},{"text":"الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الظُّروفِ، فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: إنَّه لا بُدَّ لَنا مِنها. قال: \"فلا إذن (^١) \". رَواه البخارىّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن أبي أحمدَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أخبرَنِى أبو حَزْرَةَ يَعقوبُ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنِّي كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم أن تَنتَبِذوا في الدُّبّاءِ والحَنتَمِ والمُزَفَّتِ، فانْبِذوا، ولا أُحِلُّ مُسكِرًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُعَرِّفُ بنُ واصِلٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن مُعَرِّفِ بنِ واصِلٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُنتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٥٦٧٢) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. وأحمد (١٤٢٤٤)، وأبو داود (٣٦٩٩)، والترمذي (١٨٧٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٩٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٢٨، وأبو عوانة (٧٩٥٥) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به. وعند أبى عوانة بلفظ: \"نهيتكم عن كذا وكذا\".","vol":"17","page":465},{"text":"نَهَيتُكُم عن الأشرِبَةِ في ظُروفِ الأَدَمِ، فاشرَبوا في كُلِّ وِعاءٍ، غَيرَ ألَّا تَشرَبوا مُسكِرًا\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ، فقَد أُذِنَ لمحمدٍ في زيارَةِ قَبرِ أُمِّه، فزُورُوها؛ فإنَّها تُذَكِّرُ الآخِرَةَ، وكُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن لُحومِ الأضاحِيِّ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ ليَتَّسِعَ ذو الطَّولِ على مَن لا طَولَ له، فكُلوا ما بَدا لَكُم وأطعِموا وادَّخِروا، ونَهَيتُكُم عن الظُّروفِ، وإِنَّ الظُّروفَ لا تُحَرِّمُ شَيئًا ولا تُحَلِّلُه، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عاصِمٍ، رَواه مسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجَّاجِ بنِ الشَّاعِرِ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ، أن محمدَ بنَ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ أخبَرَه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٤٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٩٨) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به مطولًا.\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٧٧/ ٦٣، ١٠٦، ١٩٩٩/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٧٨٧٩، ٧٨٨١) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (٢٣٠١٦) من طريق سفيان به. والبغوى في الجعديات (٢٠٩٨) من طريق علقمة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٧٧).","vol":"17","page":466},{"text":"أن واسِعَ بنَ حَبّانَ حَدَّثَه، أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَهَيتُكُم عن النَّبيذِ، أَلَا فانتَبِذوا، ولا أُحِلُّ مُسْكِرًا\" (^١).\n\n١٧٥٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن مَسروقِ بنِ الأجدَعِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنِّي كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم عن نَبيذِ الأوعيَةِ، ألَا إنَّ وِعاءً لا يُحَرِّمُ شَيئًا، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ، عن أبي حَيّانَ وهو يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن مَريَمَ بنتِ طارِقٍ قالَت: دَخَلتُ على عائشَةَ - ﵂ - في نِسوَةٍ مِن أهلِ الأمصارِ فجَعَلنَ يَسألْنَها عن الظُّروفِ، فقالَت: تَسألُنَّ عن ظُروفٍ ما كانَت على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، أنهاكُنَّ عن كُلِّ مُسكِرٍ، وإِن أسكَرَ إحداكُنَّ ماءُ حُبِّها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3707>بابُ النَّهىِ عن اخْتِناثِ الأَسقيَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٢٧٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٢٧٧).\n(^٣) الحُبّ: الجرة، صغيرة كانت أو كبيرة، أو هي الضخمة منها. التاج ٢/ ٢٢٤ (ح ب ب).\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤١٠٣)، وإسحاق بن راهويه في مسنده (١٦٦٠)، وأحمد في الأشربة (٢٢٦)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٤٨ من طريق أبى حيان يحيى بن سعيد به، وصححه الحاكم.","vol":"17","page":467},{"text":"عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن اخْتِناثِ الأَسقيَةِ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي نَصرٍ الدَّارَبَردِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَوحٍ المَدائنِيُّ، أخبرَنا شَبابَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى عن اخْتِناثِ الأَسقيَةِ أن يُشرَبَ مِن أفواهِها (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى تَمامُ هذا البابِ في كِتابِ الوَليمَةِ (^٥).\n\n١٧٥٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه نَهَى أن يَشرَبَ الرَّجُلُ مِن فِي السِّقاءِ. قال أيّوبُ: نُبِّئتُ أن رَجُلًا شَرِبَ مِن فِي السِّقاءِ فخَرَجَت حَيَّةٌ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٦)، وأبو داود (٣٧٢٠)، والترمذي (١٨٩٠) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٤٧٧٦، ١٤٧٧٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٢٣/ ١١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٦٠١٦) وفيه: \"الدراوردى\" بدلًا من: \"الداربردى\". وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦٤٢)، والدارمى (٢١١٩) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٦٢٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٤٧٧٦).\n(^٦) أحمد (٧١٥٣). وتقدم في (١٤٧٧٨ - ١٤٧٨٠).","vol":"17","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3708>بابُ ما جاءَ في وُجوبِ الحَدِّ على مَن شَرِبَ خَمرًا أو نَبيذًا مُسكِرًا</span>\n\n١٧٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ بالنُّعَيمانِ أوِ ابنِ النُّعَيمانِ وهو سَكرانُ. قال: فشَقَّ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مَشَقَّةً شَديدَةً، ثُمَّ أمَرَ مَن كان في البَيتِ أن يَضرِبوه، فضَرَبوه بالنِّعالِ والجَريدِ. قال: فكُنتُ فيمَنْ ضَرَبَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، حدثنا ابنُ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ قَد شَرِبَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"اضْرِبوه\". قال: فمِنّا الضّارِبُ بيَدِه، ومِنَّا الضّارِبُ بنَعلِه، ومِنّا الضّارِبُ بثَوبِه، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال بَعضُ القَومِ: أخزاكَ اللَّهُ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقولوا هَكَذا، ولا تُعينوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٥٥) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٩٥) من طريق وهيب به، وعنده \"النعمان\" بدلًا من: \"النعيمان\". وسيأتي في (١٧٥٨٣، ١٧٥٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٧٥).","vol":"17","page":469},{"text":"الشَّيطانَ عَلَيه، ولَكِن قُولوا: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ الهادِ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أن أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ بشارِبٍ، فأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أصحابَه أن يَضرِبوه، فمِنهُم مَن ضَرَبَه بنَعلِه، ومِنهُم بيَدِه، ومِنهُم بثَوبِه، ثُمَّ قال: \"ارجِعوا\". ثُمَّ أمَرَهُم فبَكَّتوه (^٣)؛ فقالوا: ألا تَستَحيِى! مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَصنَعُ هذا؟ ثُمَّ أرسَلَه، فلَمّا أدبَرَ وقَعَ القَومُ يَدْعونَ عَلَيه ويَسُبّونَه؛ يقولُ القائلُ: اللَّهُمَّ أخْزِه، اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقولوا هَكَذا، ولَكِن قُولوا: اللَّهُمَّ اغفِرْ له، اللَّهُمَّ ارحَمْه\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٨٥)، وأبو داود (٤٤٧٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨٧)، وابن حبان (٥٧٣٠) من طريق أنس بن عياض به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٨١).\n(^٣) بكته بذنبه تبكيتا: إذا استقبله بما يكره، والتبكيت: التقريع. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٣٢٣، والقاموس المحيط (ب ك ت).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٥١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٧٨) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٥٩).","vol":"17","page":470},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ (^١) أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ - ﵁ -، أن رَجُلًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان اسمُه عبدَ اللَّهِ، وكانَ يُلَقَّبُ حِمارًا، وكانَ يُضحِكُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَد جَلَدَه في الشَّرابِ، فأُتِىَ به يَومًا فأمَرَ به فجُلِدَ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْه، ما أكثَرَ ما يُؤتَى بهِ! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَلْعَنْه، فواللَّهِ ما عَلِمتُ أنَّه يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، سَمِعَ السّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - يقولُ: ذُكِرَ لِى أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ وأصحابًا له شَرِبوا شَرابًا، وأنا سائلٌ عنه؛ فإِن كان يُسكِرُ حَدَدْتُهُم. قال سفيانُ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن السّائبِ: فرأيتُه يَحُدُّهُم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار في مسنده عقب (٢٦٩) من طريق الليث به. وأبو نعيم في المعرفة (٤١٠٨) من طريق خالد بن يزيد به. وأبو يعلى (١٧٦) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٨٠).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٥٤). وأخرجه البلاذرى في أنساب الأشراف ١٠/ ٣٨٠، والخطيب في غوامض الأسماء المبهمة ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":471},{"text":"١٧٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ قال: شَرِبَ أخِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُمَرَ وشَرِبَ مَعَه أبو سِرْوَعَةَ عُقبَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ، ونَحنُ بمِصرَ في خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فسَكِرا، فلَمَّا صَحا (^١) انطَلَقا إلَى عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وهو أميرُ مِصرَ، فقالا: طَهِّرْنا فإِنّا قَد سَكِرْنا مِن شَرابٍ شَرِبناه. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: فلَم أشعُرْ أنَّهُما أتَيا عمرَو بنَ العاصِ. قال: فذَكَرَ لِى أخِى أنَّه قَد سَكِرَ. فقُلتُ له: ادخُلِ الدّارَ أُطَهِّرْكَ. قال: إنَّه قَد حَدَّثَ الأميرَ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فقُلتُ: واللهِ لا تُحلَقُ اليَومَ على رُءوسِ النّاسِ، ادخُلْ أحلِقْكَ. وكانوا إذ ذاكَ يَحلِقونَ مَعَ الحَدِّ، فدَخَلَ مَعِى الدَّارَ. قال عبدُ اللهِ: فحَلَقتُ أخِى بيَدِى ثُمَّ جَلَدَهُما عمرُو بنُ العاصِ، فسَمِعَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - بذَلِكَ فكَتَبَ إلَى عمرٍو: أن ابعَثْ إلَىَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عُمَرَ على قَتَبٍ (^٢). ففَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عمرٌو، فلَمَّا قَدِمَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ على عُمَرَ - ﵁ - جَلَدَه وعاقَبَه مِن أجلِ مَكانِه مِنه، ثُمَّ أرسَلَه، فلَبِثَ أشهُرًا صَحيحًا ثُمَّ أصابَه قَدَرُه، فيَحسِبُ عامَّةُ النّاسِ أنَّه ماتَ مِن جَلْدِ عُمَرَ، ولَم يَمُتْ مِن جَلْدِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وفى المهذب ٧/ ٣٤٥٦: \"صَحَوا\". وهو الصواب، فالفعل منه: صحا يصحو، وفى لغة: صَحِى كرضى. ينظر التاج ٣٨/ ٤١٢ (ص ح و).\n(^٢) القتب للجمل كالإكاف - البرذعة - لغيره. ينظر التاج ٣/ ٥١٦ (ق ت ب).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٤٧) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"17","page":472},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يُشبِهُ أنَّه جَلَدَه جَلْدَ تَعزيرٍ؛ فإِنَّ الحَدَّ لا يُعادُ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: لا أوتَى برَجُلٍ شَرِبَ خَمرًا ولا نَبيذًا مُسكِرًا إلَّا جَلَدْتُه الحَدَّ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّه حَدَّثَ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اجْلِدوا في قَليلِ الخَمرِ وكَثيرِه؛ فإِنَّ أَوَّلَها وآخِرَها حَرامٌ\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3709>بابُ مَن أُقيمَ عَلَيه حَدٌّ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ ثُمَّ عادَ لَهُ</span>\n\n١٧٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا شَرِبوا الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوهُم، ثُمَّ إن شَرِبوا فاجْلِدوهُم، ثُمَّ إن شَرِبوا فاجْلِدوهُم، ثُمَّ إن شَرِبوا فاجْلِدوهُم، ثُمَّ إن شَرِبوا فاقْتُلوهُم\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠، ١٨١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٨٢) وفيه تكرار الشرب ثلاث مرات والقتل في الرابعة. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٥٩، =","vol":"17","page":473},{"text":"١٧٥٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. بهَذا المَعنَى، قال: وأحسِبُه قال في الخامِسَةِ: \"إن شَرِبَها فاقتُلوه\" (^١).\n\n١٧٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئْبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا سَكِرَ فاجْلِدوه، ثُمَّ إن سَكِرَ فاجْلِدوه، ثُمَّ إن سَكِرَ فاجْلِدوه، فإِن عادَ الرّابِعَةَ فاضْرِبوا عُنُقَه\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَزيدَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِىِّ: \"مَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوه، فإن عادَ فاجْلِدوه، فإن عادَ الرّابِعَةَ فاقْتُلوه\".\n\n١٧٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِسْتانِىُّ: وكَذا حَديثُ عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n= ١٦٩٢٦)، والترمذي (١٤٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٧٣) من طريق عاصم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٩٧) من طريق حماد به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٧).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٢٣٠)، والطيالسى (٢٤٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩١١، ١٠٥٤٧)، وأبو داود (٤٤٨٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائي (٥٦٧٨) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"17","page":474},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوه، فإِن عادَ الرّابِعَةَ فاقْتُلوه\". وكَذا حَديثُ سُهَيلٍ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"إن شَرِبوا الرّابِعَةَ فاقْتُلوهُم\". وكَذا حَديثُ ابنِ أبي نُعْمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وكَذَلِكَ حَديثُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، والشَّريدِ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، وفِي حَديثِ الجَدَلِىِّ عن مُعاويَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"فإِن عادَ في الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ فاقْتُلوه\" (^١).\n\n١٧٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوه، ثُمَّ إذا شَرِبَ فاجْلِدوه، ثُمَّ إذا شَرِبَ فاجْلِدوه، ثُمَّ إذا شَرِبَ في الرّابِعَةِ فاقْتُلوه\". فأُتِىَ برَجُلٍ قَد شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فجَلَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ به فجَلَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ به فجَلَدَه، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ به في الرّابِعَةِ فجَلَدَه، فرَفَعَ القَتلَ عن النّاسِ وكانَت رُخصَةً فثَبَتَتْ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ثُمَّ إن شَرِبَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٤٤٨٤).\n(^٢) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٤٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٨٥) من طريق سفيان به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٦١ من طريق الزهري به. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٨): ضعيف مرسل.","vol":"17","page":475},{"text":"فاقْتُلوه\". لا يَدرِى الزُّهرِيُّ بعدَ الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: ووُضِعَ القَتلُ وصارَت رُخصَةً. قال سفيانُ: قال الزُّهرِيُّ لمنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ ومُخَوَّلٍ: كُونا وافِدَىِ العِراقِ بهَذا الحَديثِ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بن زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوه، فإِن عادَ فاجْلِدوه، فإن عادَ فاجْلِدوه، فإن عادَ فاقْتُلوه\". فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - برَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: نُعَيمانُ، فضَرَبَه أربَعَ مِرارٍ (^٢)، فرأى المُسلِمونَ أنَّ القَتلَ قَد أُخِّرَ، وأنَّ الضَّربَ قَد وجَبَ (^٣).\nوقَد روِىَ هذا عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n١٧٥٧٢ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀، حدثنا الإمامُ والِدِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فاجْلِدوه، فإن عادَ فاجْلِدوه، فإِن عادَ فاجْلِدوه، فإِن\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ١٤٤، ١٨٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"مرات\".\n(^٣) ابن بشران في فوائده (ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية) ١/ ١٠٤ (١٦٤). وأخرجه الخطيب في الأسماء المبهمة (١٥٢) من طريق السمرى به. وعندهما: \"نعمان\" بدلًا من: \"نعيمان\".","vol":"17","page":476},{"text":"عادَ الرّابِعَةَ فاقْتُلوه\". قال: وضَرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - النُّعَيمانَ أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ. قال: فرأى المُسلِمونَ أن الحَدَّ قَد وقَعَ (^١) حينَ ضَرَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أربَعَ مَرّاتٍ (^٢).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ وعن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أنَّهُما قالا ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3710>بابُ مَن وُجِدَ مِنه ريحُ شَرابٍ أو لُقِىَ سَكرانَ</span>\n\n١٧٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عاصِمٍ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى والحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ رُكانَةَ، أخبرَنِى عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يوَقِّتْ في الخَمرِ حَدًّا. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فشَرِبَ رَجُلٌ فسَكِرَ، فلُقِىَ يَميلُ في الفَجِّ (^٤)، فانطُلِقَ به إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا حاذَى بدارِ العباسِ انفَلَتَ فدَخَلَ على العباسِ فالتَزَمَه، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فضَحِكَ وقالَ: \"فعَلَها؟ \". ثُمَّ لَم يأمُرْ فيه بشَئٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"رفع\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٥٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٣٠٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٦١ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٨١، ١٧٠٨٢) عن معمر به.\n(^٤) الفج: الطريق. النهاية ٣/ ٤١٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه المزى في تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ١٥٩ من طريق ابن أبي عاصم به بلفظ: لم يفت في الخمر حَدًّا. وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٧٣ من طريق أبى عاصم به. وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٥٩: هو محمد بن على بن يزيد بن ركانة، وثقه ابن حبان.","vol":"17","page":477},{"text":"١٧٥٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: لَم يَقِتْ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: هذا الحَديثُ مِمّا تَفَرَّدَ به أهلُ المَدينَةِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: سُئلَ عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ رُكانَةَ الَّذِى رَوَى هذا الحديثَ عن عِكرِمَةَ فقالَ: مَجهولٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رَوَى مَعنَى بَعضِ هذا الحَديثِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن محمدِ بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ:\n\n١٧٥٧٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ما ضَرَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الخَمرِ إلَّا أخيرًا؛ لَقَد غَزا غَزوَةَ تَبوكَ فغَشِىَ حُجرَتَه مِنَ اللَّيلِ أبو عَلقَمَةَ ابنُ الأعوَرِ السُّلَمِيُّ وهو سَكرانُ حَتَّى قَطَعَ بَعضَ عُرَى الحُجرَةِ فقالَ: \"مَن هَذا؟ \". فقيلَ: أبو عَلقَمَةَ\n_________\n(^١) لم يقت: أي: لم يوقت ولم يعين، أي: أنه لم يعين فيه قدرًا معينًا. ينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٧٧. والحديث عند أبي داود (٤٤٧٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٩٠) عن ابن المثنى به. وأحمد (٢٩٦٣) من طريق ابن جريج به. وعند النسائي: لم يفت. بالفاء. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٦٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٤٤٧٦).","vol":"17","page":478},{"text":"سَكرانُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ليَقُمْ إلَيه رَجُلٌ مِنكُم فليأخُذْ بيَدِه حَتَّى يَرُدَّه إلَى رَحلِه\" (^١).\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فقَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: لَم يَقِتْ في الخَمرِ حَدًّا. يَعنِى لَم يوَقِّتْه لَفظًا وقَد وقَّتَه فِعلًا، وذاك يَرِدُ، وإِنَّما لَم يَعرِضْ له - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - بعدَ دُخولِه دارَ العباسِ مِن أجلِ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ ثَبَتَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ بإِقرارٍ مِنه أو بشَهادَةِ عُدولٍ، وإِنَّما لُقِىَ في الطَّريقِ يَميلُ فظُنَّ به السُّكرُ، فلَم يَكشِفْ عنه وتَرَكَه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - خَرَجَ فصَلَّى على جِنازَةٍ، فسَمِعَه السّائبُ يقولُ: إنِّي وجَدتُ مِن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ وأصحابِه ريحَ شَرابٍ، وأنا سائلٌ عَمّا شَرِبوا، فإِن كان مُسكِرًا حَدَدتُهُم. قال سفيانُ: فأخبَرَنِى مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ أنَّه حَضَرَه يَحُدُّهُم (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أتَجلِدُ في ريحِ الشَّرابِ؟ فقالَ عَطاءٌ: إنَّ الرّيحَ لَتَكونُ مِنَ الشَّرابِ الَّذِى لَيسَ به\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٤٨٥) عن أبي العباس محمد بن يعقوب به، وعنده \"علقمة\" مكان \"أبو علقمة\". وابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٦/ ٢٢٤ من طريق يونس به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢١٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠. وتقدم في (١٧٥٦١)، وينظر (١٧٤٦٠).","vol":"17","page":479},{"text":"بأسٌ، فإِذا اجتَمَعوا جَميعًا على شَرابٍ واحِدٍ فسَكِرَ أحَدُهُم جُلِدوا جَميعًا الحَدَّ تامًّا.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقَولُ عَطاءٍ مِثلُ قَولِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n١٧٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهَّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: كُنتُ جالِسًا بحِمصَ فقالوا لِى: اقْرهْ (^٢). فقَرأتُ سورَةَ \"يوسُفَ\"، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: واللهِ ما هَكَذا أنزَلَها اللَّهُ ﷿. قال: فقُلتُ: ويحَكَ، لَقَد قَرأتُها على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أحسَنتَ\". وأنتَ تَقولُ لِى ما تَقولُ؟! قال: فبَينا أنا أُكَلِّمُه إذ وجَدتُ مِنه ريحَ الخَمرِ فقُلتُ: تُكَذِّبُ بكِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ وتَشرَبُ الخَمرَ؟! أمّا واللَّهِ لا تَرجِعُ إلَى أهلِكَ حَتَّى أجلِدَكَ الحَدَّ (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٤).\nويَحتَمِلُ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ لَم يَجلِدْه حَتَّى ثَبَتَ عِندَه شُربُه ما يُسكِرُ ببَيِّنَةٍ أوِ اعتِرافٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢١٩)، والصغرى (٣٤٥٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٣٧) عن ابن جريج بنحوه دون قوله: فإذا اجتمعوا. . .\n(^٢) في م: \"اقرأ\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٣٣) عن يعلى به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٨٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٠٠١)، ومسلم (٨٠١).","vol":"17","page":480},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ - وكانَ أبوه قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا - أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - استَعمَلَ قُدامَةَ بنَ مَظعونٍ على البحرَينِ - وهو خالُ حَفصَةَ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - فقَدِمَ الجارودُ سَيِّدُ عبدِ القَيسِ على عُمَرَ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ قُدامَةَ شَرِبَ فسَكِرَ، وإِنِّى رأيتُ حَدًّا مِن حُدودِ اللَّهِ حَقًّا علىَّ أن أرفَعَه إلَيكَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: مَن شَهِدَ مَعَكَ؟ قال: أبو هُرَيرَةَ. فدَعا أبا هريرةَ فقالَ: بمَ تَشهَدُ؟ قال: لَم أرَه شَرِبَ (^١) ولَكِنِّى رأيتُه سَكرانَ يَقِئُ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَقَد تَنَطَّعتَ في الشَّهادَةِ. قال: ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى قُدامَةَ أن يَقدَمَ عَلَيه مِنَ البحرَينِ، فقَدِمَ فقامَ إلَيه الجارودُ فقالَ: أقِمْ على هذا كِتابَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أخَصمٌ أنتَ أم شَهيدٌ؟ قال: بَل شَهيدٌ. قال: فقَد أدَّيتَ الشَّهادَةَ. فصَمَتَ الجارودُ حَتَّى غَدا على عُمَرَ فقالَ: أقِمْ على هذا حَدَّ اللهِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ما أراكَ إلَّا خَصمًا، وما شَهِدَ مَعَكَ إلَّا رَجُلٌ. فقالَ الجارودُ: إنِّي أنشُدُكَ اللهَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَتُمسِكَنَّ لِسانَكَ أو لأسوءَنَّكَ. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: إن كُنتَ تَشُكُّ في شَهادَتِنا فأرسِلْ إلَى ابنَةِ الوَليدِ فسَلْها. وهِىَ امرأةُ قُدامَةَ، فأرسَلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إلَى هِندَ بنتِ الوَليدِ يَنشُدُها، فأقامَتِ الشَّهادَةَ على زَوجِها، فقالَ عُمَرُ لِقُدامَةَ: إنِّي حادُّكَ. فقالَ: لَو شَرِبتُ كما يَقولونَ ما كان لَكُم تَجلِدونِى. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لِمَ؟ قال قُدامَةُ: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا﴾ الآيَة [المائدة: ٩٣]. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنَّكَ أخطأتَ التّأويلَ، إنِ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"يشرب\".","vol":"17","page":481},{"text":"اتَّقَيتَ اللهَ اجتَنَبتَ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيكَ. قال: ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - على النّاسِ فقالَ: ماذا تَرَونَ في جَلدِ قُدامَةَ؟ قالوا: لا نَرَى أن تَجلِدَه ما كان مَريضًا. فسَكَتَ عن ذَلِكَ أيَّامًا، ثُمَّ أصبَحَ يَومًا وقَد عَزَمَ على جَلدِه فقالَ لأصحابِه: ما تَرَونَ في جَلدِ قُدامَةَ؟ فقالَ القَومُ: ما نَرَى أن تَجلِدَه ما دامَ وجِعًا. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لأن يَلقَى اللهَ ﷿ تَحتَ السّياطِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن يَلقاه وهو في عُنُقِي، ائتونِى بسَوطٍ تامٍّ. فأمَرَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بقُدامَةَ فجُلِدَ، فغاضَبَ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قُدامَةُ وهَجَرَه، فحَجَّ وحَجَّ قُدامَةُ مَعَه مُغاضِبًا له، فلَمّا قَفَلا مِن حَجِّهِما ونَزَلَ عُمَرُ بالسُّقيا (^١) واستَيقَظَ عُمَرُ مِن نَومِه فقالَ: عَجِّلوا علىَّ بقُدامَةَ فأْتونِى به؛ فواللهِ إنِّي لأرَى أنَّ آتيًا أتانِى فقالَ: سالِمْ قُدامَةَ؛ فإِنَّه (^٢) أخوكَ. فعَجِّلوا إلَيَّ به. فلَمّا أتَوه أبَى أن يأتِىَ، فأمَرَ به عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إن أبَى أن يُجَرَّ إلَيه حَتَّى كَلَّمَه واستَغفَرَ له، وكانَ ذَلِكَ أوَّلَ صُلحِهِما (^٣).\nفي ابتِداءِ هذه القِصَّةِ ما دَلَّ على أن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - تَوَقَّفَ في قَبولِ شَهادَتِهِما حينَ (^٤) لَم يَجتَمِعا على شُربِه، وحينَ حَدَّه يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ثَبَتَ عِندَه شُربُه بإِقرارِه أو شَهادَةِ آخَرَ على شُربِه مَعَ الجارودِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تحديد موضعه في (٦٧٢٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"فإنى\".\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٧٠٧٦). وأخرجه ابن سعد ٥/ ٥٦٠، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١٦٣٦)، وابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٨٤٢ - ٨٤٤ من طريق معمر به. وأخرجه البخاري (٤٠١١) مقتصرًا على أوله، وفى التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٦٨ من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) في م: \"حيث\".\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٦١: لم يتوقف إلا لكون الشاهد نصب نفسه خصما.","vol":"17","page":482},{"text":"١٧٥٨٠ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ البَغدادِىُّ الإمامُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِىُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، أن الجارودَ لما قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، استَعمَلتَ عَلَينا مَن يَشرَبُ الخَمرَ. قال: ومَن شُهودُكَ؟ قال: أبو هُرَيرَةَ. قالَ: خَتَنُكَ خَتَنُكَ (^١). قال الأنصارِىُّ: وكانَت أُختُ الجارودِ تَحتَ أبي هريرةَ - قال: أمَا واللَّهِ لأُوجِعَنَّ مَتنَه بالسَّوطِ. قال: فقالَ له: ما ذاكَ في الحَقِّ أن يَشرَبَ خَتَنُكَ وتَجلِدَ خَتَنِى. قال: ومَن؟ قال: عَلقَمَةُ. فَشَهِدوا عِندَه، فأمَرَ بجَلدِه، وقالَ: ما حابَيتُ في إمارَتِى أحَدًا مُنذُ وُلِّيتُ غَيرَه، فما بُورِكَ لِى فيه، اذهَبوا به فاجلِدوه (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ المَعنَى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ الدَّانَاجُ، حَدَّثَنِي حُضَينُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الرَّقاشِيُّ وهو أبو ساسَانَ قال: شَهِدتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ - ﵁ - وأُتِىَ بالوَليدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ فشَهِدَ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٨، م.\nوالختَن: هو أبو امرأة الرجل وأخوها وكل من كان من قِبَلِها. المعجم الكبير ٦/ ٨٢ (خ ت ن).\n(^٢) محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري في حديثه (٢٧). وأخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٨٤٤، ٨٤٥ من طريق آخر عن ابن سيرين به.","vol":"17","page":483},{"text":"حُمْرانُ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ؛ فشَهِدَ أحَدُهُما أنَّه رآه شَرِبَها - يَعنِى الخَمرَ - وشَهِدَ الآخَرُ أنه رآه يَتَقَيَّؤُها. فقالَ عثمانُ - ﵁ -: إنَّه لَم يَتَقَيَّأْها حَتَّى شَرِبَها. فقالَ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵁ -: أقِمْ عَلَيه الحَدَّ. فقالَ عليٌّ لِلحَسَنِ - ﵄ -: أقِمْ عَلَيه الحَدَّ. فقالَ: ولِّ حارَّها مَن تَوَلَّى قارَّها (^١). فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ: أقِمْ عَلَيه الحَدَّ. قال: فأخَذَ السَّوطَ فجَلَدَه وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - يَعُدُّ، فلَمَّا بَلَغَ أربَعينَ قال: حَسبُكَ، جَلَدَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أربَعينَ. أحسِبُه قال: وجَلَدَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - أربَعينَ، وعُمَرُ - ﵁ - ثَمانينَ، وكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ، وهَذا أحَبُّ إلَيَّ (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٣).\nوهَذا لا أعلمُ له تأويلًا يَصِحُّ غَيرَ أنَّه قَبلَ الشَّهادَةَ عَلَيه هَكَذا، ومَن يُخالِفُه يقولُ: لَم تَجتَمِعْ شَهادَتُهُما على شُربِه، وقَد يُكرَهُ على الشُّربِ فيَتَقَيّؤُها.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ في نَظيرِ هذه المَسألَةِ: ومُغَيَّبُ المَعنَى لا يُحَدُّ فيه أحَدٌ ولا يُعاقَبُ، إنَّما يُعاقَبُ النّاسُ على اليَقينِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٨٢ - وقَد رَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدَّانَاجِ، عن حُضَينٍ أبى ساسَانَ قال: رَكِبَ نَفَرٌ مِنهُم فأتَوْا عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - فأخبَروه\n_________\n(^١) أي: وَلِّ شدتها ومشقتها من تولى خيرها ودعتها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٨٠). وأخرجه النسائى في الكبرى (٥٢٧٠) مقتصرًا على قول عليٍّ - ﵁ - الأخير. وابن ماجه (٢٥٧١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن المختار به، وفيه جلد عليٍّ - ﵁ - لعقبة بنفسه.\n(^٣) سلم (١٧٠٧/ ٣٨).\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٤٤.","vol":"17","page":484},{"text":"بما صَنَعَ الوَليدُ، فقالَ عثمانُ لِعَلِىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵄ -: دونَكَ ابنَ عَمِّكَ فاجلِدْه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3711>بابُ ما جاءَ في إقامَةِ الحَدِّ في حالِ السُّكرِ أو حَتَّى يَذهَبَ سُكرُهُ</span>\n\n١٧٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ بالنُّعَيمانِ - أوِ ابنِ النُّعَيمانِ - وهو سَكرانُ، فشَقَّ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَشَقَّةً شَديدَةً، ثُمَّ أمَرَ مَن كان في البَيتِ أن يَضرِبُوه. قال: فضَرَبُوه بالنِّعالِ والجَريدِ. قال: فكُنتُ فيمَن يَضرِبُه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٤). كَذا رَواه وُهَيبٌ عن أيّوبَ.\n\n١٧٥٨٤ - ورَواه عبدُ الوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عن أيّوبَ فقالَ: جِئَ بالنُّعَيمانِ - أوِ ابنِ النُّعَيمانِ - شارِبًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِمَن في البَيتِ: \"اضرِبوه\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٤) مطولًا، وأبو داود (٤٤٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٧١) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وعند أبي داود مقتصرًا على قول علىٍّ - ﵁ - الأخير في الحديث السابق. وسيأتي في (١٧٥٩٢، ١٧٥٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٧/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٥٥٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٧٥).","vol":"17","page":485},{"text":"أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هُدْبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا رُفِعَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قَد سَكِرَ. قال: فأمَرَ قَريبًا مِن عِشرينَ رَجُلًا فجَلَدُوه بالجَريدِ والنِّعالِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). وهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ رُفِعَ إلَيه بعدَما ذَهَبَ سُكرُه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي التَّيّاحِ، عن أبي الوَدَّاكِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ أنَّه قال: لا أشرَبُ نَبيذَ الجَرِّ بعدَ إذ أُتِىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بنَشوانَ (^٤) فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما شَرِبتُ خَمرًا، إنَّما شَرِبتُ نَبيذَ زَبيبٍ وتَمرٍ في دُبّاءَةٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في ذيل تاريخه ص ٥٥٤ عن بندار محمد بن بشار به. والطبراني ١٧/ ٣٥٤ (٩٧٨) من طريق عبد الوهاب الثقفى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٧٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٨٩٤) عن هدبة به مطولًا. وابن ماجه (٢٥٧٠) من طريق قتادة به. وسيأتي في (١٧٥٩٦ - ١٧٥٩٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٠٨٣).\n(^٤) النشوان: هو السكران. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩.\n(^٥) الدباءة: مفرد الدباء، وهو القرع إذا يبس، كانوا ينتبذون فيه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"17","page":486},{"text":"قال: فأمَرَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فنُهِزَ بالأيدِى وخُفِقَ بالنِّعالِ. قال: ونَهَى عن الزَّبيبِ والتَّمرِ وعن الدُّبّاءِ (^١).\n\n١٧٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ نَجرانَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ سَكرانَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي لَم أشرَبِ الخَمرَ، إنَّما شَرِبتُ زَبيبًا وتَمرًا. فأَمَرَ به فضُرِبَ الحَدَّ، ونَهَى عَنهُما أن يُخلَطا (^٢). هَكَذا رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن شُعبَةَ ثُمَّ عن أبي إسحاقَ.\n\n١٧٥٨٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حمدُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ السَّعدِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الزِّبرِقانِ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي فقيهٌ مِن أهلِ نَجرانَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ سَكرانَ - أو قال: نَشوانَ - فلَمَّا ذَهَبَ سُكرُه أمَرَ بجَلدِه، قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي لَم أشرَبْ خَمرًا إنَّما شَرِبتُ خَليطَ بُسرٍ وتَمرٍ. فأمَرَ به فجُلِدَ، ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنهُما أن يُخلَطا.\n\n١٧٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبو النَّضرِ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٧٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٢٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٩٢) من طريق شعبة به، وليس عنده: وعن الدباء.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٠٥٢) مطولًا. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٦٧) من طريق شعبة به مطولًا. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٩٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق عن البحرانى عن ابن عمر.","vol":"17","page":487},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أنَّه أُتِىَ بشارِبٍ فقالَ: لأبعَثَنَّكَ إلَى رَجُلٍ لا تأخُذُه فيكَ هَوادَةٌ. فبَعَثَ به إلَى مُطيعِ بنِ الأسوَدِ العَدَوِيِّ فقالَ: إذا أصبَحتَ غَدًا فاضرِبْه الحَدَّ. فجاءَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وهو يَضرِبُه ضَربًا شَديدًا فقالَ: قَتَلتَ الرَّجُلَ، كَم ضرَبتَهُ؟ قال: سِتِّينَ. قال: أقِصَّ عنه بعِشرينَ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: أقِصَّ عنه بعِشرينَ. يقولُ: اجعَلْ شِدَّةَ هذا الضَّربِ الَّذِى ضَرَبتَه قِصاصًا بالعِشرينَ التي بَقِيَت. وفِي هذا الحَديثِ مِنَ الفِقهِ أنَّ ضَربَ الشّارِبِ ضَربٌ خَفيفٌ، وفيه أنَّه لَم يَضرِبْه في سُكرِه حَتَّى أفاقَ، ألَم تَسمَعْ قَولَه: إذا أصبَحتَ غَدًا فاضرِبْه الحَدَّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وفيه أن الزِّيادَةَ على الأربَعينَ تَعزيرٌ ولَيسَت بحَدٍّ.\n\n١٧٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن يَحيَى الجابِرِ، عن أبي ماجِدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بابنِ أخٍ له وهو سَكرانُ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنَّ ابنَ أخِى سَكرانُ. فقالَ: تَرتِروه ومَزمِزوه واستَنكِهوه. ففَعَلوا، فرَفَعَه إلَى السِّجنِ، ثُمَّ دَعا به مِنَ الغَدِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في كَيفيَّةِ جَلدِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٠٦، ٣٠٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحميدي (٨٩)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٠٩٧، ٢٩١٥٥) من طريق يحيى بن عبد الله الجابر به. وسيأتي في (١٧٦٤١، ١٧٦٧٥).","vol":"17","page":488},{"text":"قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: هو أن يُحَرَّكَ ويُزَعزَعَ ويُستَنكَهَ حَتَّى يُوجَدَ مِنه الرّيحُ ليُعلَمَ ما شَرِبَ، وهِىَ التَّلتَلَةُ والتَّرتَرَةُ والمَزمَزَةُ بمَعنًى واحِدٍ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهَذا الحَديثُ بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ يُنكِرُه (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: لِضَعفِ يَحيَى الجابِرِ وجَهالَةِ أبى ماجِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفَّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا يُجلَدُ السَّكرانُ حَتَّى يَصحوَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3712>بابُ ما جاءَ في عَدَدِ حَدِّ الخَمرِ</span>\n\n١٧٥٩٢ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ فيروزَ، عن حُضَينٍ أبى ساسَانَ الرَّقاشِىِّ قال: حَضَرْتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - وأُتِىَ بالوَليدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ قَد شَرِبَ (^٣) الخَمرَ، وشَهِدَ عَلَيه حُمْرانُ بنُ أبانٍ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ، فقالَ عثمانُ لِعَلِىٍّ - ﵄ -: أقِمْ عَلَيه الحَدَّ. فأمَرَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ ذِى الجَناحَينِ - ﵄ - أن يَجلِدَه،\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث ٤/ ٦٥، ٦٦.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام على يحيى الجابر وأبى ماجد عقب (٦٩٣٠).\n(^٣) إلى هنا آخر ما وصلنا من الجزء الثامن من المخطوط الأصل، ومفقود من الأصل من هنا إلى بدايات الجزء التاسع من المطبوع.","vol":"17","page":489},{"text":"فأخَذَ في جَلدِه وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - يَعُدُّ، حَتَّى جَلَدَ أربَعينَ، ثُمَّ قال له: أمسِكْ، جَلَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعينَ، وجَلَدَ (^١) أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - أربَعينَ، وجَلَدَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ثَمانينَ، وكُلٌّ سُنَةٌ، وهَذا أحَبُّ إلَيَّ (^٢). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ المُختارِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدَّانَاجِ، عن حُضَينٍ أبى ساسَانَ قال: رَكِبَ نَفَرٌ مِنهُم فأتَوا عثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ - ﵁ -، فأخبَروه بما صَنَعَ الوَليدُ، فقالَ عثمانُ لِعَلِىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵄ -: دونَكَ ابنَ عَمِّكَ فاجلِدْه. فقالَ عليٌّ لِلحَسَنِ - ﵄ -: قُمْ فاجلِدْه. فَقالَ الحَسَنُ - ﵁ -: فيمَ أنتَ وهَذا؟ ولِّ هذا غَيرَكَ. فقالَ: بَل عَجَزْتَ ووَهَنْتَ وضَعُفتَ، يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَعفَرٍ، قُمْ فاجلِدْه. فجَعَلَ يَجلِدُه وعَلِىٌّ - ﵁ - يَعُدُّ حَتَّى بَلَغَ أربَعينَ فقالَ: أمسِكْ، جَلَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أربَعينَ، وجَلَدَ أبو بكرٍ أربَعينَ، وجَلَدَ عُمَرُ ثَمانينَ، وكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الدَّانَاجِ، عن حُضَينِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٦٨)، وعنه ابن شيبة في تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٣٣، ٧٣٤. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٣٣٥) عن يونس بن حبيب. وتقدم في (١٧٥٨٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٠٧/ ٣٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٥٩)، وتقدم في (١٧٥٨٢).","vol":"17","page":490},{"text":"المُنذِرِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ وعْلَةَ، أنَّ الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ صلَّى بالنّاسِ الصُّبحَ أربَعًا، ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَيهِم فقالَ: أزيدُكُم؟ فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عثمانَ - ﵁ -. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه غَيرَ أنَّ في حَديثِ يَزيدَ: ضرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أربَعينَ، وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ - ﵄ - صَدرًا مِن خِلافَتِه أربَعينَ، ثُمَّ أتَمَّها عُمَرُ ثَمانينَ، وكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمٌ وأبو عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَلَدَ في الخَمرِ بالجَريدِ - وقالَ أبو عُمَرَ: ضرَبَ في الخَمرِ بالجَريدِ - والنِّعالِ، وضَرَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - أربَعينَ، فلَمّا أن وَلِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قال: إنَّ النّاسَ قَد دَنَوا مِنَ الرِّيفِ، فما تَرَونَ في حَدِّ الخَمرِ؟ فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ - ﵁ -: نَرَى أن تَجعَلَه كأخَفِّ الحُدودِ. فجَلَدَه ثَمانينَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عُمَرَ حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٧٥٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٠) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٧/ ٣٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٧٩) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٢١٣٩)، ومسلم (١٧٠٦/ ٣٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٤٤٨، ٤٤٤٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٧٣).","vol":"17","page":491},{"text":"هِشامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان يَضرِبُ في الخَمرِ بالنِّعالِ والجَريدِ أربَعينَ، وأبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ أربَعينَ، فلَمَّا وَلِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - سُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ فشاوَرَهُم عُمَرُ، فقالَ ابنُ عَوفٍ - ﵁ -: أَرَى أن تَضرِبَه ثَمانينَ. فَضَرَبَه ثَمانينَ (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ شَرِبَ الخَمرَ فضَرَبَه بجَريدَتَينِ نَحوًا مِن أربَعينَ، ثُمَّ صَنَعَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فلَمَّا كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - استَشارَ النّاسَ فيه، فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ - ﵁ -: أخَفُّ الحُدودِ ثَمانونَ. ففَعَلَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\nورَواه ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ فقالَ: عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه جَلَدَ بالجَريدِ والنِّعالِ أربَعينَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٧٠) مختصرًا من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٦/ ٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨٠٥)، ومسلم (١٧٠٦/ ٣٥)، والترمذي (١٤٤٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٧٤ - ٥٢٧٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٧٧٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٧٠) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به بنحوه، وليس عنده: أربعين.","vol":"17","page":492},{"text":"١٧٥٩٨ - ورَواه هَمّامٌ عن قَتادَةَ قال: فأمَرَ قَريبًا مِن عِشرينَ رَجُلًا فجَلَدَه كُلُّ رَجُلٍ جَلدَتَينِ بالجَريدِ والنِّعالِ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا خَلَفٌ، حدثنا بَهزٌ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ قَد سَكِرَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٧٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الجُعَيدُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كُنّا نُؤتَى بالشُّرَّابِ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، وفِي عَهدِ أبى بكرٍ، وصَدرًا مِن إمرَةِ عُمَرَ - يَعنِى فنَضرِبُهُم بأيدينا ونِعالِنا وأرديَتِنا - حَتَّى كان صَدرًا مِن إمرَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فجَلَدَ أربَعينَ، حَتَّى إذا عَتَوا فيه وفَسَقوا جَلَدَ ثَمانينَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَكِّىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٨٣) عن بهز به. وتقدم في (١٧٥٨٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨٠) من طريق مكى به، وعنده إلى قوله: \"وأرديتنا\". وعنده أيضًا: المعلى. بدلًا من: الجعيد، وينظر تحفة الأشراف (٣٨٠٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٧٩).","vol":"17","page":493},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: أُخبِرْنا عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أزهَرَ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عامَ حُنَينٍ يَسألُ عن رَحْلِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، فجَرَيتُ (^١) بَينَ يَدَيه أسألُ عن رَحلِ خالِدٍ حَتَّى أتاه جَذَعًا، وأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بشارِبٍ فقالَ: \"اضرِبوه\". فضَرَبوه بالأيدِى والنِّعالِ وأطرافِ الثِّيابِ وحَثَوا عَلَيه التُّرابَ، ثُمَّ قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"بِكِّتوه\". فبَكَّتوه، ثُمَّ أرسَلَه. قال: فلَمَّا كان أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - سألَ مَن حَضَرَ ذَلِكَ المَضروبَ، فقَوَّمَه أربَعينَ، فضَرَبَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في الخَمرِ أربَعينَ حَياتَه، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، حَتَّى تَتايَعَ (^٢) النّاسُ في الخَمرِ، فاستَشارَ فضَرَبَه ثَمانينَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هِشامُ بنُ يوسُفَ الصَّنعانِىُّ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أزهَرَ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ، وأنا غُلامٌ شابٌّ، يَسألُ عن مَنزِلِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: فجئت\".\n(^٢) في م: \"تتابع\". والتتايع: التهافت في الشر والمسارعة إليه، غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ١٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٤٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٨٠ وعنده: \"أخبرنا سفيان عن معمر\". وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨١١)، وابن حبان (٧٠٩٠) من طريق معمر به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨٢) من طريق الزهري به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٤٠، ٢٤١ من طريق هشام به مختصرًا.","vol":"17","page":494},{"text":"فأُتِىَ بشارِبٍ فأمَرَهُم فضَرَبوه بما في أيديهِم؛ فمِنهُم مَن يَضرِبُ بالسَّوطِ، ومِنهُم مِن يَضرِبُ بالعَصا، وحَثا عَلَيه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - التُّرابَ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا القاضِى الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِيُّ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَي، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أزهَرَ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَومَ حُنَينٍ وهو يَتَخَلَّلُ النّاسَ يَسألُ عن مَنزِلِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، فأُتِىَ بسَكرانَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِمَن عِندَه: \"اضرِبوه\". فضَرَبوه بما في أيديهِم. قال: وحَثا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - التُّرابَ. قال: ثُمَّ أُتِىَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بسَكرانَ. قال: فتَوَخَّى الَّذِى كان مِن ضَربِهِم يَومَئذٍ، فضَرَبَ أربَعينَ (^٢).\nقال الزُّهرِىُّ: ثُمَّ أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ وبَرَةَ الكَلبِىِّ قال: أرسَلَنِى خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فأتَيتُه ومَعَه عثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عَوفٍ - ﵄ -، وعَلِيٌّ وطَلحَةُ والزُّبَيرُ - ﵃ - وهُم مَعَه مُتَّكِئونَ في المَسجِدِ، فقُلتُ: إنَّ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ أرسَلَنِى إلَيكَ وهو يَقرأ عَلَيكَ السَّلامَ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٨٣، ٢٨٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٠٩)، وأبو داود (٤٤٨٧) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٤٥)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٨٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨١) من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به مختصرًا.","vol":"17","page":495},{"text":"ويَقولُ: إنَّ النّاسَ قَدِ انهَمَكوا في الخَمرِ وتَحاقَروا العُقوبَةَ فيه. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: هُم هَؤُلاءِ عِندَكَ فسَلهُم. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: نُراه إذا سَكِرَ هَذَى وإِذا هَذَى افتَرَى، وعَلَى المُفتَرِى ثَمانونَ. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أبلِغْ صاحِبَكَ ما قالَ. قال: فجَلَدَ خالِدٌ - ﵁ - ثَمانينَ، وجَلَدَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ثَمانينَ. قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - إذا أُتِىَ بالرَّجُلِ الضَّعيفِ الَّذِى كانَت مِنه الزَّلَّةُ ضَرَبَه أربَعينَ. قال: وجَلَدَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - أيضًا ثَمانينَ وأربَعينَ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٠٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أزهَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أزهَرَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ السَّرحِ قال: وجَدتُ في كِتابِ خالِى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٧٤ من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٥٣ بنحوه، والحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤٩٤ مختصرًا من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٩٠) عن روح به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٠٨٠)، وأبو داود (٤٤٨٩) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به، وعند أبي داود مطولًا. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٨).","vol":"17","page":496},{"text":"عبدِ الحَميدِ: عن عُقَيلٍ، أن ابنَ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأزهَرِ أخبَرَه عن أبيه: أُتِىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بشارِبٍ وهو بحُنَينٍ، فحَثا في وجهِه التُّرابَ، ثُمَّ أمَرَ أصحابَه فضَرَبوه بنِعالِهِم وما كان في أيديهِم حَتَّى قال لَهُمُ: \"ارفَعوا\". فرَفَعوا، فتوُفِّىَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ جَلَدَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - في الخَمرِ أربَعينَ، ثُمَّ جَلَدَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - أربَعينَ صَدرًا مِن إمارَتِه، ثُمَّ جَلَدَ ثَمانينَ في آخِرِ خِلافَتِه، ثُمَّ جَلَدَ عثمانُ - ﵁ - الحَدَّينِ كِلاهُما - ثَمانينَ وأربَعينَ - ثُمَّ أثبَتَ مُعاويَةُ ﵀ الحَدَّ ثَمانينَ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي الوَليدُ بنُ أبانٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ فُلَيحٍ أخو محمدِ بنِ فُلَيحٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّ الشُّرَّابَ كانوا يُضرَبونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِى بالأيدِى والنِّعالِ والعِصِىِّ - قال: وكانوا في خِلافَةِ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - به أكثَرَ مِنهُم في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - لَو فرَضْنا لَهُم حَدًّا (^٢). فتَوَخَّى نَحوًا مِمّا كانوا يُضرَبونَ في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فكانَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَجلِدُهُم أربَعينَ حَتَّى توُفِّىَ، ثُمَّ كان عُمَرُ - ﵁ - مِن بَعدِه (^٣) فجَلَدَهُم كَذَلِكَ أربَعينَ، حَتَّى أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ الأوَّلينَ قَد شَرِبَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٤٨٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨٣) عن ابن السرح مقتصرًا على ذكر فعل النبي - ﷺ -، وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٧).\n(^٢) في م: \"هذا\".\n(^٣) في م: \"بعدهم\".","vol":"17","page":497},{"text":"فأمَرَ به أن يُجلَدَ، فقالَ: لِمَ تَجلِدُنِى؟ بَينِى وبَينَكَ كِتابُ اللهِ. قال: وفِي أيِّ كِتابِ اللهِ تَجِدُ ألَّا أجلِدَكَ؟ قال: إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ في كِتابِه: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا﴾ الآيَة [المائدة: ٩٣]. شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَدرًا وأُحُدًا والخَندَقَ والمَشاهِدَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ألَا تَرُدُّونَ عَلَيه ما يَقولُ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ الآياتِ نَزَلَت عُذرًا لِلماضينَ وحُجَّةً على الباقينَ؛ فعُذرُ الماضينَ لأنَّهُم لَقُوا اللهَ ﷿ قبلَ أن تُحَرَّمَ عَلَيهِمُ الخَمرُ، وحُجَّةٌ على الباقينَ؛ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ﴾ الآيَة [المائدة: ٩٠]. فإِن كان مِنَ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وعَمِلوا الصَّالِحاتِ، ثُمَّ اتَّقَوا وأحسَنوا، فإِنَّ اللهَ قَد نَهَى أن تُشرَبَ الخَمرُ. قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: فماذا تَرَونَ؟ قال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ -: نَرَى أنَّه إذا شَرِبَ سَكِرَ، وإِذا سَكِرَ هَذَى، وإِذا هَذَى افتَرَى، وعَلَى المُفتَرِى ثَمانونَ جَلدَةً. فأمَرَ عُمَرُ فجُلِدَ ثَمانينَ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٠٧ - أخبرَناه عاليًا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن الشُّرَّابَ كانوا يُضرَبونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالأيدِى والنِّعالِ والعِصِيِّ، حَتَّى توُفِّىَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، قال. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن فليح به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٦٧: لا أعرف ابن فليح.","vol":"17","page":498},{"text":"١٧٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَسْتَانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي سِنانٍ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي الهُذَيلِ قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بشَيخٍ قَد شَرِبَ الخَمرَ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ، فجَلَدَه ثَمانينَ ونَفاه إلَى الشّامِ، وجَعَلَ يقولُ: لِلمَنْخَرَينِ للمَنْخَرَينِ (^١)، أفِى شَهرِ رَمَضانَ ووِلدانُنا صيامٌ؟! أو: صِبيانُنا صيامٌ؟! (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا (^٣) عَطاءُ بنُ أبى مَروانَ، عن أبيه قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ - ﵁ - بالنَّجاشِىِّ قَد شَرِبَ خَمرًا في رَمَضانَ فأفطَرَ، فضَرَبَه ثَمانينَ، ثُمَّ أخرَجَه مِنَ الغَدِ فضَرَبَه عِشرينَ، وقالَ: إنَّما ضَرَبتُكَ هذه العِشرينَ لِجُرأتِكَ على اللهِ وإِفطارِكَ في شَهرِ رَمَضانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - جَلَدَ رَجُلًا في الخَمرِ أربَعينَ جَلدَةً بسَوطٍ له\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\nومعناه الدعاء عليه، أي: كبه الله لمنخريه. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٩٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٥٧، ١٧٠٤٣) عن سفيان به. والبغوى في الجعديات (٥٩٨) من طريق أبى سنان به. وابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ١١٥ من طريق ابن أبي الهذيل به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٥٦، ١٧٠٤٢)، وأحمد (٧٤٤ - مسائل ابنه صالح)، والطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٥٣ من طريق سفيان الثوري به، وليس عند أحمد: عن أبيه. وابن أبي شيبة (٦٩١٦٢) من طريق عطاء بن أبي مروان به.","vol":"17","page":499},{"text":"طَرَفانِ (^١). وكأنَّه أرادَ صارَ أربَعينَ بالطَّرَفَينِ، وذَكَرَه في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ كما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ سَعدانَ، فقَد رُوِّينا في الحَديثِ المَوصولِ عنه أنَّه أمَرَ بجَلدِه أربَعينَ (^٢)، واحتَجَّ فيه بمَن قَبلَه، وهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ مُنقَطِعَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن جَلدِ العَبدِ في الخَمرِ فقالَ: بَلَغَنا أن عَلَيه نِصفَ حَدِّ (^٣) الحُرِّ، وأنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنَ عَفَّانَ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵃ - قَد جَلَدوا عَبيدَهُم نِصفَ حَدِّ الحُرِّ في الخَمرِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3713>بابُ الشَّارِبِ يُضرَبُ زيادَةً على الأربَعينَ فيَموتُ في الزّيادَةِ، والذِى يَموتُ في غَيِر حَدِّ واجِبٍ مما (^٥) يُعاقَبُ بهِ</span>\n\n١٧٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي القاسِمُ هو ابنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا بُندارٌ [ويَعقوبُ وأحمَدُ بنُ سِنانٍ] (^٦) قالوا: حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ،\n_________\n(^١) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٤٤). وأخرجه الشافعي ٦/ ١٨١، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٥٤٤)، وأبو يعلى (٥٩٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٥٤ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٧٩: وأبو جعفر لم يسمع من على.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٦١٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"جلد\".\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٩ ظ، ١٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٤٢.\n(^٥) في م: \"فيما\".\n(^٦) في م: \"وأحمد بن يعقوب وسنان\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٣٢٢ (ترجمة أحمد بن سنان).","vol":"17","page":500},{"text":"عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ النَّخَعِيِّ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: ما مِن رَجُلٍ أقَمتُ عَلَيه حَدًّا فماتَ، فأجِدَ في نَفسِى إلَّا الخَمرَ فإِنَّه إن ماتَ ودَيتُه؛ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسُنَّه (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوإِنَّما أرادَ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَسُنَّه زيادَةً على الأربَعينَ، أو لَم يَسُنَّه بالسِّياطِ، وقَد سَنَّه بالنِّعالِ وأطرافِ الثِّيابِ مِقدارَ أربَعينَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٦١٣ - وفيما أجازَ لي أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه عن أبي العباسِ محمدِ بنِ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ يَحيَى، عن الحَسَنِ، أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: ما أحَدٌ يَموتُ في حَدٍّ مِنَ الحُدودِ فأجِدُ في نَفسِى مِنه شَيئًا، إلَّا الَّذِى يَموتُ في حَدِّ الخَمرِ؛ فإِنَّه شَئٌ أحدَثناه بعدَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فمَن ماتَ مِنه فَدِيَتُه. إمَّا قال: في بَيتِ المالِ. وإِمَّا قال: على عاقِلَةِ الإمامِ. أشُكُّ. يَعنِى الشّافِعِيَّ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ - ﵁ -: وبَلَغَنا أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أرسَلَ إلَى امرأةٍ، ففَزِعَت فأجهَضَت ذا بَطنِها، فاستَشارَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - فأشارَ عَلَيه أن يَديَه، فأمَرَ عُمَرُ عَليًّا - ﵄ - فقالَ: عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَتَقسِمَنَّها على قَومِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٢٧١) عن بندار محمد بن بشار. وأحمد (١٠٢٤) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وتقدم في (١١٧٨٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٠٧/. . .)، والبخاري (٦٧٧٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٥٥)، والشافعي ٦/ ٨٧، وليس في المعرفة قصة عمر. وينظر ما =","vol":"17","page":501},{"text":"١٧٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ مُؤمِنِ بنِ شَبَّانَ العَطَّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شُرَيحٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أشعَثَ، عن فُضَيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - ضَرَبَ رَجُلًا حَدًّا، فزادَه الجَلَّادُ سَوطَينِ، فأقادَه مِنه عليٌّ - ﵁ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3714>بابُ الإمامِ فيما يُؤَدِّبُ إن رأى تَرْكَه تَرَكَه</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ألا تَرَى أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد ظَهَرَ على قَومٍ أنَّهُم قَد غَلُّوا في سَبيلِ اللهِ فلَم يُعاقِبْهُم، ولَو كانَتِ العُقوبَةُ تَلزَمُ لُزومَ الحَدِّ ما تَرَكَهُم، كما قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢) وقَطَعَ امرأةً لها شَرَفٌ فكُلِّمَ فيها: \"لَو سَرَقَت فُلانَةُ - لامرأةٍ شَريفَةٍ - لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٦١٥ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سوَيدٍ، عن ابنِ شَوذَبٍ يَعنى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ شَوذَبٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵁ - قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إذا أصابَ غَنيمَةً أمَرَ بلالًا فنادَى ثَلاثًا، فيَرفَعُ النّاسُ\n_________\n= تقدم في (١١٧٨٢، ١١٧٨٣). وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٦٨: إسناده واه لانقطاعه، ولإبراهيم، ولا يدرى من شيخه.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٧٣) من طريق أشعث به، وعنده أنه زاده ثلاثة أسواط.\n(^٢) إلى هنا ينتهى الخرم في المخطوطة \"س\" والذي بدأ في (١٧٣٩٤).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٧٦.","vol":"17","page":502},{"text":"ما أصابوا، ثُمَّ يأمُرُ به فيُخَمَّسُ، فأتاه رَجُلٌ بزِمامٍ مِن شَعَرٍ وقَد قُسِمَتِ الغَنيمَةُ فقالَ: \"هَل سَمِعتَ بلالًا يُنادِى ثَلَاثًا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما مَنَعَكَ أن تأتِىَ به؟ \". فاعتَذَرَ إلَيه فقالَ له: \"كُنْ أنتَ الّذِى توافِى به يَومَ القيامَةِ، فإنِّى لَن أقبَلَه مِنكَ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَوذَبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أصابَ رَجُلٌ مِنِ امرأةٍ شَيئًا دونَ الفاحِشَةِ، فأتَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - فعَظَّمَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أتَى أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - فعَظَّمَ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فلا أدرِى أعظَّمَ عَلَيه أم لا. قال: فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]. فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: ألِى هذه يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"هِىَ لِمَن أخَذَ بها مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن التَّيمِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في تالى تلخيص المتشابه (٢١) من طريق أبى العباس به. والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (١٢٨٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٣٩ من طريق أيوب بن سويد به، وقال: صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٨٤٥، ١٢٩٩٠)، وسيأتي في (١٨٢٦١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧١٦٥).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٧٦٣/ ٤١)، والبخاري (٤٦٨٧).","vol":"17","page":503},{"text":"الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وابنُ أبى سَبْرَةَ قالا: تَشاتَمَ رَجُلانِ عِندَ أبى بكرٍ - ﵁ - فلَم يَقُلْ لَهُما شَيئًا، وتَشاتَما عِندَ عُمَرَ فأدَّبَهُما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3715>بابُ السُّلطانِ يُكرِهُ رَجُلًا على أنَّ يَدخُلَ نَهَرًا أو يَنزِلَ بئرًا أو يَرقَى نَخلَةً</span>\n\n١٧٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: خَرَجَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ويَداه في أُذُنَيه وهو يقولُ: يا لَبَّيكاه يا لَبَّيكاه. قال النّاسُ: ما لَهُ؟ قال: جاءَه بَريدٌ مِن بَعضِ أُمَرائِه أن نَهَرًا حالَ بَينَهُم وبَينَ العُبورِ ولَم يَجِدوا سُفُنًا، فقالَ أميرُهُم: اطلُبوا لَنا رَجُلًا يَعلَمُ غَوْرَ الماءِ. فأُتِىَ بشَيخٍ فقالَ: إنِّي أخافُ البَرْدَ. وذاكَ في البَرْدِ، فأكرَهَه فأدخَلَه فلَم يُلبِثْه البَرْدُ، فجَعَلَ يُنادِى: يا عُمَراه يا عُمَراه. فغَرِقَ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه فأقبَلَ، فمَكَثَ أيَّامًا مُعرِضًا عنه، وكانَ إذا وجَدَ على أحَدٍ مِنهُم فعَلَ به ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قال: ما فعَلَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى قَتَلتَهُ؟ قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما تَعَمَّدتُ قَتلَه؛ لَم نَجِدْ شَيئًا نَعبُرُ فيه وأرَدْنا أن نَعلَمَ غَوْرَ الماءِ؛ ففَتَحْنا كَذا وكَذا، وأصَبْنا كَذا وكَذا. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لَرَجُلٌ مُسلِمٌ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن كُلِّ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٦٥).","vol":"17","page":504},{"text":"شَئٍ جِئتَ به، لَولا أن تَكونَ سُنَّةً لَضَرَبتُ عُنُقَكَ، اذهَبْ فأعطِ أهلَه ديَتَه، واخرُجْ فلا أراكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3716>بابُ السُّلطانِ يُكْرِهُ على الاختِتانِ، أو الصَّبِىِّ (^٢) وسَيِّدِ المَملوكِ يامُرانِ به، وما ورَدَ في الخِتانِ</span>\n\n١٧٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ قال: قُرِئَ على ابنِ وهبٍ: أخبَرَكَ يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الفِطرَةُ خَمسٌ؛ الاختِتانُ، والإِستِحدادُ، وقَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، وتَقليمُ الأظفارِ، ونَتفُ الإبْطِ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ هارونَ بنِ إسماعيلَ الغَزِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الطِّهْرَانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أُخبِرتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٨١٢، ٨١٣ من طريق الأعمش به. ولم يذكر صدر الحديث. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٠: هذه قصة منكرة على نظافة الإسناد.\n(^٢) كذا في س، ص ٨، م. وفي حاشية م: \"هامش ر: لعله الولى\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٠٣٠) سندًا ومتنًا.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٧/ ٥٠)، والبخاري (٥٨٨٩).","vol":"17","page":505},{"text":"عن عُثَيمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأسلَمَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ألقِ عَنكَ شَعَرَ الكُفرِ واختَتِنْ\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا الَّذِى قالَه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ في هذا الإِسنادِ: أُخبِرتُ عن عُثَيمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ. إنَّما حَدَّثَه إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى، فكَنَّى عن اسمِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بُندارٍ القَزوينِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ سَهلُ بنُ أحمدَ الدِّيباجِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الصُّوفيُّ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى علىٍّ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ الكوفِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ موسَى بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن أبيه عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: وجَدْنا في قائمِ سَيفِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الصَّحيفَةِ: \"إنَّ الأقلَفَ (^٣) لا يُترَكُ في الإسلامِ حَتَّى يَختَتِنَ ولَو بَلَغَ ثَمانينَ سنةً\" (^٤). وهذا حَديثٌ يَنفَرِدُ به أهلُ البَيتِ ﵈ بهَذا الإسنادِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٢٣، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٣٥، ١٩٢٢٤) - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٤٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٦). وعند ابن عدى: بزيادة محمد بن أحمد بن سوادة قبل الغزى، وعنده: إبراهيم. بدلًا من: هارون، ومحمد. بدلًا من: حماد. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٤٣).\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٢٣، ٢٢٤.\n(^٣) الأقلف: الذي لم يختن. النهاية ٤/ ١٠٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تبيين الامتنان بالأمر بالاختتان (٦) من طريق المصنف بالإسناد الأول.\n(^٥) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٠: بل ذا موضوع، من صنعة ابن الأشعث، فيا ليتك صُنتَ كتابك عن إيراده.","vol":"17","page":506},{"text":"١٧٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ خاتِنَةً تَختِنُ فقالَ: \"إذا خَتَنْتِ فلا تَنهَكِى (^١)؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أحظَى لِلمَرأةِ وأحبُّ إلَى البَعلِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ الأشجَعِيُّ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ، قال عبدُ الوَهّابِ الكوفِىُّ: عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أُمِّ عَطيَّةَ الأنصاريَّةِ، أن امرأةً كانَت تَختِنُ بالمَدينَةِ، فقالَ لها النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَنهَكِى؛ فإنَّ ذَلِكَ أحظَى لِلمَرأةِ وأحَبُّ إلَى البَعلِ\". قال أبو داودَ: محمدُ بنُ حَسّانَ مَجهولٌ، وهَذا الحَديثُ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ الغَلَّابِيُّ قال: سألتُ أبا زَكَريّا عن حَديثٍ حدثنا به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ\n_________\n(^١) لا تنهكى: لا تبالغى. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٤٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٢٣ من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٠: ولا لقى عبد الملك أم عطية.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥٢٧١).","vol":"17","page":507},{"text":"مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن الضَّحَّاكِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كان بالمَدينَةِ امرأةٌ يُقالُ لها: أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ. تَخفِضُ الجَوارِىَ، فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أُمُّ عَطيَّةَ اخفِضِى ولا تَنهَكِي، فإِنَّه أسرَى لِلوَجهِ وأحظَى عِندَ الزَّوجِ\". قال الغَلَّابِيُّ: فقالَ أبو زَكَريّا وهو يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: الضَّحّاكُ بنُ قَيسٍ هذا لَيسَ بالفِهرِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ أبى الرُّقادِ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لأُمِّ عَطيَّةَ: \"إذا خَفَضتِ (^٢) فأشِمِّى ولا تَنهَكِى؛ فإنَّه أسرَى لِلوَجه وأحظَى عِنْدَ الزَّوجِ\" (^٣). قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا يَرويه عن ثابِتٍ زائدَةُ بنُ أبى الرُّقادِ، لا أعلمُ يَرويه عنه غَيرُه (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦٨). وأخرجه الطبراني (٨١٣٧) - وعنه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٩١٤) - والحاكم ٣/ ٥٢٥ من طريق عبد الله بن عمرو به، وعنده: زيد بن أنيس. بدلًا من: رجل من أهل الكوفة. وليس عند أحد منهم ذكر أبى زكريا ولا السؤال.\n(^٢) في ص ٨، م: \"حفضت\" بالحاء المهملة.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٨٣ وفيه: \"حفظت\". وأخرجه الخطابى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٣٦٠، ٣٦١، والطبراني في الأوسط (٢٢٥٣) من طريق محمد بن سلام به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧١: قال البخاري: زائدة منكر الحديث.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٨٣.","vol":"17","page":508},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مسلمٍ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ محمدٍ المَكِّيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: عَقَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ، وخَتَنَهُما لِسَبعَةِ أيّامٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسنِ (^٢) عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ - يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ - وتَمتامٌ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَتنا أُمُّ الأسوَدِ قالَت: سَمِعتُ مُنْيَةَ بنتَ عُبَيدِ بنِ (^٣) أبى بَرزَةَ تُحَدِّثُ عن جَدِّها أبى بَرزَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الأقلَفِ يَحُجُّ بَيتَ اللَّهِ قال: \"لا، حَتَّى يَختَتِنَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ تَمتامٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الأسفاطِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ مُنْيَةَ قالَت: سَمِعتُ أبا بَرزَةَ قال: سألنا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن رَجُلٍ أقلَفَ يَحُجُّ بَيتَ اللهِ، قال: \"لا، حَتَّى يَختَتِنَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ الوَزَّانُ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا ابنُ ثَوبانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٧٤، ١٠٧٥. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٧٠٨) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به، وعنده: زهير بن محمد عن ابن عقيل عن محمد بن المنكدر. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧١: هذا من مناكير زهير التميمي.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسين\". وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وينظر ترجمته في (١٨).\n(^٣) إلى هنا ينتهى الخرم في المخطوط \"س\" والذي بدأ من (١٧٤٦٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٤٣٣)، والرويانى في مسنده (١٣٢٢) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧١: هما مجهولتان يعني أم الأسود ومنية بنت عبيد.","vol":"17","page":509},{"text":"قال: \"الخِتانُ سُنَّةٌ لِلرِّجالِ، مَكرُمَةٌ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، والمَحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ:\n\n١٧٦٢٩ - أخبرَناه هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفَّارُ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيَّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الخِتانُ سُنَّةٌ لِلرِّجالِ، ومَكرُمَةٌ لِلنِّساءِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ البُرُلُّسِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ الحَجَّاجِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَجَّاجِ، عن أبي مَلِيحِ ابنِ أُسامَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الخِتانُ سُنَّةٌ لِلرِّجالِ، ومَكرُمَةٌ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^٣). الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بِهِ (^٤).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن مَكحولٍ عن أبي أيّوبَ وهو مُنقَطِعٌ:\n\n١٧٦٣١ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٥٩٠) عن عبدان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٢٧٢ عن إبراهيم بن مجشر به. والطبراني (١٢٨٢٨) من طريق وكيع بن الجراح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧١٩) من طريق الحجاج بن أرطاة به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٣٢).","vol":"17","page":510},{"text":"عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي أيّوبَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"الخِتانُ سُنَّةٌ لِلرِّجالِ، ومَكرُمَةٌ لِلنِّساءِ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّنعانِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كَرِهَ ذَبيحَةَ الأرغَلِ (^٣)، قالَ: لا تُقبَلُ صَلاتُه، ولا تَجوزُ شَهادَتُه (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٣٣ - قال: وأخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ أبي يَحيَى، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا تُقبَلُ صَلاةُ رَجُلٍ لَم يَختَتِنْ (^٥).\nوهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه كان يوجِبُه، وأنَّ قَولَه: الخِتانُ سُنَّةٌ. أرادَ به سُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - الموجِبَةَ.\nوأحسَنُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به في هذه المَسألَةِ ما:\n\n١٧٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرِ بنِ القاسِمِ الخَوَّاصُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٢٢٣١) عن عبد الواحد بن زياد به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨: \"الصغانى\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٦٧٣٣).\n(^٣) الأرغل: الأقلف، الذي لم يختن. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٤٨٠، والتاج ٢٩/ ٨٨ (ر غ ل).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب عقب (٨٦٤٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٤٦)، ومن طريقه الخطابى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤٨٠ مختصرًا، وفى الشعب: الأدغل. بدلًا من: الأرغل.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٤٣)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٤٨).","vol":"17","page":511},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اختَتَنَ إبراهيمُ النَّبِيُّ ﵇ وهو ابنُ ثَمانينَ سنةً بالقَدُومِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\nوقَد قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا﴾ [النحل: ١٢٣].\nوروِّينا في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ﴾ [البقرة: ١٢٤]. قال: ابتَلاه اللهُ ﷿ بالطَّهارَةِ؛ خَمسٌ في الرَّأسِ وخَمْسٌ في الجَسَدِ، في الرَّأْسِ: قَصُّ الشَّارِبِ، والمَضمَضَةُ، والاستِنْشاقُ، والسِّواكُ، وفَرقُ الرَّأسِ، وفِي الجَسَدِ: تَقليمُ الأظفارِ، وحَلقُ العانَةِ، والخِتانُ، ونَتفُ الإِبْطِ، وغَسلُ مَكانِ الغائطِ والبَولِ بالماءِ (^٣). قال أصحابُنا: والابتِلاءُ إنَّما يَقَعُ في الغالِبِ بما يَكونُ واجِبًا.\n\n١٧٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ عبدُ رَبِّه، عن حَمزَةَ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، أنَّ عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ الأقلَفِ. حَمزَةُ الجَزَرِيُّ تَرَكوه، لا يَجوزُ الاحتِجاجُ بخَبَرِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٠٨) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٣٥٦)، ومسلم (٢٣٧٠/ ١٥١).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٩٣).\n(^٤) هو حمزة بن أبي حمزة ميمون الجحفى الجزرى النصيبي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح =","vol":"17","page":512},{"text":"١٧٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُلَىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: إنَّ إبراهيمَ خَليلَ الرَّحمَنِ أُمِرَ أن يَختَتِنَ وهو ابنُ ثَمانينَ سنةً، فعَجِلَ فاختَتَنَ بقَدُومٍ فاشتَدَّ عَلَيه الوَجَعُ، فدَعا رَبَّه فأوحَى اللَّهُ إلَيه: إنَّكَ عَجِلتَ قبلَ أن نأمُرَكَ بالآلَةِ. قال: يا رَبِّ كَرِهتُ أن أُؤَخِّرَ أمرَكَ. قالَ: وخَتَنَ إسماعيلَ ﵇ وهو ابنُ ثلاثَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً، وخَتَنَ إسحاقَ ﵇ وهو ابنُ سَبعَةِ أيّامٍ (^١).\n_________\n= والتعديل ٣/ ٢١٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٣٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٢٣، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٩٩: متروك متهم بالوضع.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٦٦). وأخرجه أبو يعلى - كما في المطالب العالية (٨٩)، وأبو نعيم في ذكر أخبار أصبهان ١/ ٣٢٧، ٣٢٨، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦/ ١٩٧ من طريق أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ به مختصرًا.","vol":"17","page":513},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3717>جِماعُ أبوابِ صِفَةِ السَّوطِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3718>بابُ ما جاءَ في صِفَةِ السَّوطِ والضَّربِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ أن رَجُلًا اعتَرَفَ على نَفسِه بالزِّني، فدَعا له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَوطٍ، فأُتِىَ بسَوطٍ مَكسورٍ فقالَ: \"فوقَ هذا\". فأُتِىَ بسَوطٍ جَديدٍ لَم تُقطَعْ ثَمَرَتُه فقالَ: \"بَينَ هَذَينِ\". فأُتِىَ بسَوطٍ قَد رُكِبَ به فَلَانَ، فأمَرَ به فجُلِدَ ثُمَّ قال: \"أيُّها النَّاسُ قَد آنَ لَكُم أن تَنتَهوا عن مَحارِمِ اللهِ، فمَن أصابَ مِنكُم مِن هذه القاذورَةِ شَيئًا فليَستَتِرْ بسِترِ اللهِ، فإِنَّه مَن يُبدِ لَنا صَفحَتَه نُقِمْ عَلَيه كِتابَ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: هذا حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ لَيسَ مِمَّا يَثبُتُ به هو نَفسِه حُجَّةٌ، وقَد رأيتُ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ عِندَنا مَن يَعرِفُه ويَقولُ به، فنَحنُ نَقولُ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ ببُخارَى، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ قال: أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - برَجُلٍ في حَدٍّ، فأُتِىَ بسَوطٍ فيه شِدَّةٌ فقالَ: أُريدُ أليَنَ مِن هذا. ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بسَوطٍ فيه لينٌ فقالَ: أُريدُ أشَدَّ مِن هَذا.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٥٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٤٥، ومالك ٢/ ٨٢٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٥٦) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٥٨)، والأم ٦/ ١٤٥.","vol":"17","page":514},{"text":"فأُتِىَ بسَوطٍ بَينَ السَّوطَينِ فقالَ: اضرِبْ، ولا يُرَى إبْطُكَ، وأعطِ كُلَّ عُضوٍ حَقَّه (^١).\n\n١٧٦٣٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنا أبو حَصينٍ، أخبرَنِى مُخبِرٌ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه أُتِىَ برَجُلٍ في خَمرٍ، فقالَ: دَعْ له يَدَيه يَتَّقِى بهِما (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٤٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، حدثنا جوَيبِرٌ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لا يَحِلُّ في هذه الأُمَّةِ تَجريدٌ، ولا مَدٌّ (^٣)، ولا غُلٌّ (^٤)، ولا صَفْدٌ (^٥).\n\n١٧٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن يَحيَى الجابِرِ، عن أبي ماجِدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بابنِ أخٍ له وهو سَكرانُ فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنَّ ابنَ أخِى سَكرانُ. فقالَ: تَرتِروه ومَزمِزوه واستَنكِهوه. ففَعَلوا فرَفَعَه إلَى السِّجنِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا به (^٦) مِنَ الغَدِ ودَعا بسَوطٍ، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بثَمَرَتِه فدُقَّت بَينَ حَجَرَينِ حَتَّى صارَت\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥١٦) عن سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٤٤) من طريق عاصم الأحول به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥١٨) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) تجريد ولا مد: يعني لا تنزع عن المجلود ثيابه، ولا يربط ولا يمسك. ينظر شرح فتح القدير ٥/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٤.\n(^٤) الغُلُّ: الحديدة التي تجمع يد الأسير إلى عنقه. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٠.\n(^٥) الصفد: القيد. النهاية ٣/ ٣٥.\nوالأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٢٢)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٩٦٩٠) عن سفيان الثوري به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٣: جويبر تالف، والخبر منقطع.\n(^٦) في م: \"دعاه\".","vol":"17","page":515},{"text":"دِرَّةً. قال عُبَيدُ اللهِ: يُشيرُ بإِصبَعَيه هَكَذا وجَمَعَهُما، ثُمَّ قال لِلجَلَّادِ: اجلِدْ وارجِعْ يَدَكَ، وأعطِ كُلَّ عُضوٍ حَقَّه. قُلتُ: ما ارجِعْ؟ قال: لا يُرَى بَياضُ إبْطِهِ. فضَرَبَه ضَربًا غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ. قُلتُ: ما غَيرَ مُبَرِّحٍ؟ قال: ضَربٌ لَيسَ بالشَّديدِ ولا بالهَيِّنِ. وضَرَبَه في قَميصٍ وإِزارٍ، أو قَميصٍ وسَراويلَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ سَعدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: إنَّ أهلَ العِراقِ يَقولونَ: إنَّ القاذِفَ لا يُجلَدُ جَلدًا شَديدًا. قال سَعدٌ: وأشهَدُ على أبي أنَّه حَدَّثَنِي أنَّه لَمَّا جُلِدَ أبو بكرَةَ أمَرَت أُمُّه بشاةٍ فذُبِحَت ثُمَّ سُلِخَت، فألبَسَته جِلدَها، فهَل ذاكَ إلَّا مِن جَلدٍ شَديدٍ؟ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا ضَرَبَ أحَدُكُم فليَجتَنِبِ الوَجهَ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وزُهَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٥٩٠)، وسيأتي في (١٧٦٧٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥١٠)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٤٢١، ٤٢٢، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٢/ ٢١٦ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٦٠٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦١٢/. . .).","vol":"17","page":516},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي لَيلَى، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: أخبرَنِي هُنَيدَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ أنه شَهِدَ عَليًّا - ﵁ - أقامَ على رَجُلٍ حَدًّا، فقالَ لِلجالِدِ: اضرِبْ وأعطِ كُلَّ عُضوٍ حَقَّه، واتَّقِ وجهَه ومَذاكيرَه (^١).\n\n١٧٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنِي بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - كان يقولُ: يُضرَبُ الرَّجُلُ قائمًا والمَرأةُ قاعِدَةً (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن واصِلٍ، عن المَعرورِ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - بامرأةٍ قَد زَنَت فقالَ: ويلٌ لِلمُرَيَّةِ (^٣) أفسَدَت حَسَبَها (^٤)، اذهَبا فاجلِداها ولا تَخرِقا جِلدَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥١٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٤٦) من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به، وعند عبد الرزاق: عكرمة بن خالد. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: المهاجر بن عميرة. بدلًا من: هنيدة بن خالد. وينظر تهذيب الأسماء واللغات ق ١/ ج ٢/ ص ١٤١.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٣٢) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٣) المرية: تصغير المرأة. ينظر الفائق في غريب الحديث ٣٠/ ٩٨.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨: \"حسنها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٣٠)، وأبو الشيخ في التنبيه والتوبيخ (١٢٨) من طريق واصل الأحدب به. وسيأتي في (١٧٦٦٦) جزء آخر من الأثر.","vol":"17","page":517},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا في حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ في قِصَّةِ الجُهَنيَّةِ التي أقَرَّت بالزِّنى أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بها فشُدَّت عَلَيها ثيابُها - وفِي رِوايَةٍ: فشُكَّت - ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فرُجِمَت (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3719>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّعزيرِ، وأنَّه لا يَبلُغُ به أربَعينَ</span>\n\n١٧٦٤٧ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حُصَينٍ الأصبَحِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ على المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن خالِه الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ - كَذا قال - قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن ضَرَبَ\" - وفِي رِوايَةِ الأصبَهانِيِّ: \"مَن بَلَغَ - حَدًّا في غَيرِ حَدٍّ فهو مِنَ المُعتَدينَ\" (^٢).\nوالمَحفوظُ هذا الحَديثُ مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٧٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبيدُ (^٣) اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّقَطِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مِسعَرٌ، عن الوَليدِ، عن الضَّحّاكِ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن بَلَغَ حَدًّا في غَيرِ حَدٍّ فهو مِنَ المُعتَدينَ\".\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٩١٠، ١٧٠٣٢، عقب ١٧٠٤٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ٢٦٦ من طريق ابن ناجية به.\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٧٣١)، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٧/ ٢٣٦.","vol":"17","page":518},{"text":"١٧٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ألَّا يُبلَغَ في التَّعزيرِ أدنَى الحُدودِ، أربَعينَ سَوطًا (^١).\nوقَد رُوِيَ عن الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - في مِقدارِ ذَلِكَ آثارٌ مُختَلِفَةٌ (^٢)، وأحسَنُ ما يُصارُ إلَيه في هذا ما ثَبَتَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهو ما:\n\n١٧٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرَّانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى المِصرِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الرَّزْجاهِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي المَنيعِيُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ قال: بَينا نَحنُ عِندَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ إذ دَخَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ جابِرٍ، فحَدَّثَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَينا سُلَيمانُ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ جابِرٍ، أن أباه، حَدَّثَه عن أبي بُردَةَ الأنصارِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُجلَدُ أحَدٌ فوقَ عَشَرَةِ أسواطٍ إلَّا في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عمرٍو، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٧٨).\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٣٦٧٤، ١٣٦٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٨٧)، وأبو داود (٤٤٩٢)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٣٢) من طريق بكير به.","vol":"17","page":519},{"text":"عن عن. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ عيسَى (^١). كَذا رَواه عَمرُو (^٢) بنُ الحارِثِ عن بُكَيرٍ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ عن بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ دونَ ذِكرِ جابِرٍ في إسنادِه:\n\n١٧٦٥١ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا [أحمدُ بنُ] (^٤) إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"لا يُجلَدُ فوقَ عَشْرِ جَلَداتٍ إلَّا في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٦).\nوكَذا رَواه سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٥٠)، ومسلم (١٧٠٨).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عمر\". وينظر سند الحديث، وتهذيب الكمال ٢١/ ٥٧٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (١٩٢٤)، والبزار (٣٧٩٦)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٤٤٦) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٤) ليس في: م. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ١١، وما تقدم في (١٦٦٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٣٢)، وأبو داود (٤٤٩١)، والترمذي (١٤٦٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣٣١)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٠١) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٦٨٤٨).","vol":"17","page":520},{"text":"١٧٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ (^١) أبي بُردَةَ بنِ نيارٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يُضرَبُ فوقَ عَشَرَةِ أسواطٍ إلَّا في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٢).\nولَه شاهِدٌ مُرسَلٌ:\n\n١٧٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن المُهاجِرِ بنِ عِكرِمَةَ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي بكرٍ حَدَّثَه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ يؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَجلِدَ فوقَ عَشَرَةِ أسواطٍ إلَّا في حَدٍّ\" (^٣). قال يَعقوبُ: ورَواه بَعضُ مَن لا يُوثَقُ برِوايَتِه فقالَ: إنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵄ - حَدَّثَه. وإِنَّما هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي بكرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كذا في س، ص ٨، م، ولعل الصواب: عبد الرحمن عن أبي بردة. كما في الحديث السابق حيث لم يشر المصنف إلى هذا الفرق بين الروايتين كما هو منهجه عندما يعدِّد الروايات، وكما هو في مصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٤٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٤٥٢) من طريق عبد الله المقرئ به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ١١٧. وأخرجه الحارث (٥٧٩ - بغية) من طريق هشام به، وعنده: \"إلا في حكم\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١١٧.","vol":"17","page":521},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3720>بابٌ: لا تُقامُ الحُدودُ في المَساجِدِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ مُقَدَّمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، عن زُفَرَ بنِ وَثِيمَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُستَقادَ في المَساجِدِ، وأن تُنشَدَ فيها الأشعارُ، أو تُقامَ فيها الحُدودُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3721>بابٌ: الحُدودُ كَفَّاراتٌ</span>\n\n١٧٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي إدريسَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في مَجلِسٍ فقالَ: \"بايِعونِي على ألَّا تُشرِكوا باللهِ شَيئًا\". وقَرأ عَلَيهِمُ الآيَةَ وقالَ: \"فمَن وفَى مِنكُم فأجرُه على اللهِ، ومَن أصابَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا فعوقِبَ فهو كَفّارَةٌ له، ومَن أصابَ مِن ذَلِكَ شَيئًا فسَتَرَه [اللهُ عَلَيه فهو إلَى اللهِ] (^٢)، إن شاءَ غَفَرَ له وإِن شاءَ عَذَّبَه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٥٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٩٠) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن المهاجر به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٩).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، وفي ص ٨: \"الله فهو إلى الله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٣٧، والصغرى (٣٤٨١)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٣٨. وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"17","page":522},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ الشّافِعِيِّ. أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ أبي سعيدٍ: لَم أسمَعْ في الحُدودِ حَديثًا أبيَنَ مِن هذا، وقَد رُوِيَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"وما يُدريكَ لَعَلَّ الحُدودَ نَزَلَت كَفّارَةً لِلذُّنوبِ؟ \" (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي جُحَيفَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أصابَ في الدُّنيا ذَنبًا فعوقِبَ به فاللهُ أعدَلُ مِن أن يُثَنِّيَ عُقوبَتَه على عِبادِه، ومَن أذنَبَ ذَنبًا في الدُّنيا فسَتَرَه اللهُ عَلَيه وعَفا عنه فاللهُ أكرَمُ مِن أن يَعودَ في شَيءٍ قَد عَفا عنه\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n= (٢٢٦٧٨)، والترمذي (١٤٣٩)، والنسائي (٤٢٢١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٣٨).\n(^١) البخاري (٤٨٩٤، ٦٧٨٤)، ومسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤١).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٣٨.\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٧ وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٧٥)، والترمذي (٢٦٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٠٤) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب صحيح. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٥: إسناده جيد.","vol":"17","page":523},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا جَدِّي وزيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ وعَلِيُّ بنُ مسلمٍ قالوا: حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن ابنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أصابَ ذَنبًا فأُقيمَ عَلَيه حَدُّ ذَلِكَ الذَّنبِ فهو كَفّارَتُه\" (^١).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٧٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما أدرِي تُبَّعٌ، ألَعِينًا كان أم لا؟ وما أدرِي ذا القَرنَينِ أنَبيًّا كان أم لا؟ وما أدرِي الحُدودُ كَفّاراتٌ لأهلِها أم لا؟ \" (^٢). فهَكَذا رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ.\nورَواه هِشامٌ الصَّنعانِيُّ عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: وهو أصَحُّ، ولا يَثبُتُ هذا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الحُدودُ كَفّارَةٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٧٦)، والترمذي في العلل (٤١٤) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٦: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٦، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه البزار (٨٥١٩)، وأبو داود (٤٦٧٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٣ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٣.","vol":"17","page":524},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد كَتَبْناه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٧٦٥٩ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ دِيزِيلَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\nفإِن صَحَّ فيَحتَمِلُ أنَّه - ﷺ - قالَه في وقتٍ لَم يأتِه فيه العِلمُ عن اللهِ تَعالَى، ثُمَّ لَمّا أتاه قال ما رُوِّيناه في حَديثِ عُبادَةَ وغَيرِه، وذَلِكَ شَبيهٌ بما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ في قِصَّةِ ماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ برَجمِه ولَم يُصَلِّ عَلَيه (^٢)، ثُمَّ رُوِّينا عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ في قِصَّةِ الجُهَنيَّةِ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بها فرُجِمَت وصَلَّى عَلَيها، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تُصَلِّي عَلَيها وقَد زَنَت؟ فقالَ: \"لَقَد تابَت تَوبَةً لَو قُسِمَت بَينَ سبعينَ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ لَوَسِعَتهُم، وهَل وجَدتَ أفضَلَ مِن أن جادَت بنَفسِها للهِ؟ \" (^٣). ورُوِّينا في حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيه في قِصَّةِ ماعِزٍ في التَّوَقُّفِ في أمرِه يَومَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً ثُمَّ أمرِه بالاستِغفارِ لِماعِزٍ (^٤) ما هو شَبيهٌ بما ذَكَرنا واللهُ أعلمُ، ولا يُمكِنُ الاستِدلالُ بحديثِ أبي هريرةَ على أنَّه كان بعدَ حَديثِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ؛ فإِنَّ الصَّحابَةَ كانوا يأخُذُ بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٠ وصححه. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٧٦: عبد الرحمن متهم في لقاء ابن ديزيل.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٠٣٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٩١٠، ١٧٠٣٢، ١٧٠٧٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٥٥٩، ١٧٠١١).","vol":"17","page":525},{"text":"أبو هريرةَ - إن صَحَّتِ الرِّوايَةُ عنه - أخَذَه عَمَّن تَقَدَّمَ إسلامُه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: حينَ رَجَمَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - شُراحَةَ قُلتُ: ماتَت على شَرِّ أحيانِها. قال: فأخَذَ بثَوبِي ثُمَّ قال: إنَّه مَن أتَى شَيئًا مِن حَدٍّ فأُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ فهو كَفّارَتُه (^١).\n\n١٧٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، عن المَسعودِيِّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - أقامَ على رَجُلٍ حَدًّا، فجَعَل النّاسُ يَسُبّونَه ويَلعَنونَه، فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أمّا عن ذَنبِه هذا فلا يُسألُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3722>بابُ ما جاءَ في الاستِتارِ بسِترِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٧٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أخِي ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: قال سالِمٌ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كُلُّ أُمَّتِي مُعافًى إلَّا المُجاهِرينَ، وإِنَّ مِنَ الإجهارِ أن يَعمَلَ الرَّجُلُ في اللَّيلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦٦٢٦) عن سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":526},{"text":"عَمَلًا، ثُمَّ يُصبِحَ وقَد سَتَرَه رَبُّه فيقولَ: يا فُلانُ عَمِلتُ البارِحَةَ كَذا وكَذا. وقَد باتَ يَستُرُه رَبُّه، يَبيتُ في سِترِ رَبِّه ويُصبِحُ يَكشِفُ سِترَ اللهِ عنه\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أخِي ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: رُوِيَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَديثٌ مَعروفٌ عِندَنا، وهو غَيرُ مُتَّصِلِ الإسنادِ فيما أعرِفُه، وهو أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أصابَ مِنكُم مِن هذه القاذورَةِ شَيئًا فليَستَتِرْ بسِترِ اللهِ، فإِنَّه مَن يُبدِ لَنا صَفحَتَه نُقِمْ عَلَيه كِتابَ اللهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٦٣ - أخبرَناه أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٦٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّبَالِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٦٧٣)، وفي الصغرى (٣٤٨٢). وأخرجه العقيلي في الضعفاء ٤/ ٨٩، وابن الأعرابي في معجمه (٨٥)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٤٢٨ من طريق ابن أخي ابن شهاب به. والبزار (٨٠٩٦)، وابن السماك (٣٧٦ - مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ١٩٧ من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٩٠/ ٥٢)، والبخاري (٦٠٦٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٣٨.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٨٢٥. وتقدم في (١٧٦٣٧).","vol":"17","page":527},{"text":"يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعدَ أن رَجَمَ الأسلَمِيَّ قال: \"اجتَنِبُوا هذه القاذورَةَ التي نَهَى اللهُ عَنها، فمَن ألَمَّ فليَستَتِرْ بسِترِ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٧٦٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ موسَى الفَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو ضَمرَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه زادَ: \"وليَتُبْ إلَى اللهِ، فإِنَّه مَن يُبدِ لَنا صَفحَتَه نُقِمْ كِتابَ اللهِ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعيُّ ﵀: ورُوِيَ أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ رَجُلًا أصابَ حَدًّا بالاستِتارِ، وأنَّ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أمَرَه بهِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد مَضَى إسنادُ هذا الحَديثِ في بابِ الاعتِرافِ بالزِّنى (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن واصِلٍ، عن المَعرورِ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المقرئ في معجمه (٨٦٣)، وابن سمعون في أماليه (١٠٦) من طريق حفص بن عمرو به. والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٢/ ٢٤٨، ٢٤٩ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٩١)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٤٤، ٣٨٣ من طريق أبي ضمرة به، وقال الحاكم: صحيح على شرط الشيخين.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٣٨.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٠٨١).","vol":"17","page":528},{"text":"بامرأةٍ قَد زَنَت. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ قال عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: إنَّما جَعَلَ اللهُ أربَعَةَ شُهَداءَ سِترًا يَستُرُكُم دونَ فواحِشِكُم، فلا يَتَطَلَّعَنَّ سِترَ اللهِ أحَدٌ، ألَا وإنَّ اللهَ لَو شاءَ لَجَعَلَه واحِدًا صادِقًا أو كاذِبًا (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ونَحنُ نُحِبُّ لِمَن أصابَ الحَدَّ أن يَستَتِرَ، وأن يَتَّقِيَ اللهَ ولا يَعودَ لِمَعصيَةِ اللهِ؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ يَقبَلُ التَّوبَةَ عن عِبادِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3723>بابُ ما جاءَ في السَّترِ على أهلِ الحُدودِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ لا يَظلِمُه ولا يُسلِمُه، مَن كان في حاجَةِ أخيه كان اللهُ في حاجَتِه، ومَن فرَّجَ عن مسلمٍ كُربَةً فرَّجَ اللهُ عنه بها كُربَةً مِن كُرَبِ يَومِ القيامَةِ، ومَن سَتَرَ على مسلمٍ سَتَرَه اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٦٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٣٠)، وأبو الشيخ في التنبيه والتوبيخ (١٢٨) من طريق واصل الأحدب به. وتقدم في (١٧٦٤٦) جزء آخر من الأثر.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٣٨.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٦٢٣، ١٢٢٥٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٤٤٢)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٠).","vol":"17","page":529},{"text":"أسلَمَ، عن يَزيدَ (^١) بنِ نُعَيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في قِصَّةِ ماعِزِ بنِ مالكٍ قال فيه: \"يا هَزّالُ، لَو سَتَرتَه بثَوبِكَ كان خَيرًا لَكَ مِمّا صَنَعتَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا أبو جابِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن ابنِ هَزّالٍ، عن أبيه هَزّالٍ - رَجُلٌ مِن أسلَمَ - أنَّه ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - حَديثَ ماعِزٍ، فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لو كُنتَ سَتَرتَه بثَوبكَ كان خَيرًا لَكَ\" (^٣). كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٧٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كَشْمَرْدُ، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لِرَجُلٍ مِن أسلَمَ يُدعَى هَزّالًا: \"لَو سَتَرتَه بثَوبِكَ لَكَانَ خَيرًا لَكَ\". قال يَحيَى: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحَديثِ في مَجلِسٍ فيه يَزيدُ بنُ نُعَيمِ بنِ هَزّالٍ الأسلَمِيُّ، فقالَ: هَزّالٌ جَدِّي، وهَذا الحَديثُ حَقٌّ (^٥). هذا أصَحُّ مِمّا قَبلَه.\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"زيد\". وينظر الخلاف في اسمه في تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٠٧، ٣٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٣٩، ١٧٠٨٣).\n(^٣) أبو محمد الفاكهي في حديثه (١٦٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٩٤) عن عبد الصمد عن شعبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٧٥) من طريق الطيالسي عن شعبة.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٧٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"17","page":530},{"text":"١٧٦٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ أن هَزّالًا أمَرَ ماعِزًا أن يأتِيَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فيُخبِرَه (^١).\nورَواه اللَّيثُ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمٍ عن جَدِّه هَزّالٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ نُعَيمِ بنِ هَزّالٍ عن جَدِّه هَزّالٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ نَشيطٍ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن أبي الهَيثَمِ قال: قيلَ لِعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ: إنَّ لَنا جيرانًا يَشرَبونَ الخَمرَ ويَفعَلونَ ويَفعَلونَ. قال: فقالَ له: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن رأى عَورَةً فسَتَرَها كان كَمَن أحيا مَوءودَةً مِن قَبرِها\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٧٨). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٧٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٧٩)، والدولابي في الكنى والأسماء (٦٨٧)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٠٢ (٢٣١) من طريق عكرمة به. وعند النسائي: يزيد بن نعيم بن هزال عن أبيه أن هزالًا حدثه.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٠٩٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٩١) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٤٤).","vol":"17","page":531},{"text":"اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ نَشيطٍ الوَعْلانِيُّ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن دُخَينٍ أبي الهَيثَمِ كاتِبِ عُقبَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ: إنَّ لَنا جيرانًا يَشرَبونَ الخَمرَ، وأنا داعٍ لَهُمُ الشُّرَطَ فيأخُذونَهُم. قال: لا تَفعَلْ، ولَكِن عِظْهُم وتَهَدَّدْهُم. قال: ففَعَلَ فلَم يَنتَهوا، فجاءَ دُخَينٌ إلَى عُقبَةَ فقالَ: إنِّي نَهَيتُهُم فلَم يَنتَهوا، وأنا داعِى لَهُمُ الشُّرَطَ. فقالَ عُقبَةُ: ويحَكَ! لا تَفعَلْ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن سَتَرَ عَورَةَ مُؤمِنٍ فكأنَّما استَحيا مَوءودَةً مِن قَبرِها\" (^١).\n\n١٧٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المَهْرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَعافَوُا الحُدودَ (^٢) فيما بَينَكُم، فما بَلَغَنِي مِن حَدٍّ فقَد وجَبَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ المُحارِبِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٨٦)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠٣، ٥٠٤. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٧) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وأحمد (١٧٣٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤٨٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٢٨٣) من طريق الليث عن إبراهيم عن كعب عن دخين عن أبي الهيثم. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٤٥).\n(^٢) تعافوا الحدود: أي تجاوزوا عنها ولا ترفعوها إليَّ. النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٣٧٦). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٩٠١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٨٠).","vol":"17","page":532},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن يَحيَى الجابِرِ، عن أبي ماجِدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بابنِ أخٍ له وهو سَكرانُ. يَعنِي إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في كَيفيَّةِ جَلدِه، قال: ثُمَّ قال لِعَمِّه: بئسَ لَعَمرُ اللهِ والِى اليَتيمِ أنتَ! ما أدَّبْتَ فأحسَنْتَ الأدَبَ، ولا سَتَرتَ الخَرَبَةَ (^١). فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أمَا واللهِ إنَّه لابنُ أخِي وما لِي ولَدٌ، وإِنِّي لأجِدُ له مِنَ اللَّوعَةِ ما أجِدُ لِوَلَدِي، ولَكِن لَم آلُ عن الخَيرِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: إنَّ اللهَ عَفُوٌّ يُحِبُّ العَفوَ، ولَكِن لا يَنبَغِي لِوالِي أمرٍ أن يُؤتَى بحَدٍّ إلا أقامَه. ثُمَّ أنشأ يُحَدِّثُنا عن نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ رَجُلٍ قُطِعَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ؛ أُتِيَ به نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَرَقَ فقالَ: \"اذهَبوا بصاحِبِكُم فاقطَعوه\". وكأنَّما أُسِفَّ وجهُ (^٢) نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَمادًا، ثُمَّ أشارَ بيَدِه يُخفيه، فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: كأنَّ هذا شَقَّ عَلَيكَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا يَنبغِي أن تَكونوا أعوانَ الشَّيطانِ - أو: إبليسَ - فإِنَّه لا يَنبَغِي لِوالِي أمرٍ أن يُؤتَى بحَدٍّ إلَّا أقامَه، واللهُ عَفُوٌّ يُحِبُّ العَفوَ\". ثُمَّ قرأ: \" ﴿وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا﴾ \" (^٣) الآيَةَ [النور: ٢٢].\n\n١٧٦٧٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أحمدُ، أخبرَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى الجابِرِ، عن أبي ماجِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"الحرمة\"، وفي م: \"الخزية\". والخربة: البلية. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣١، والنهاية ٢/ ١٨.\n(^٢) أسف وجهه: تغير وأكمد كأنما ذُرَّ عليه شيء غيره، غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٢٧، والنهاية ٢/ ٣٧٥.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٥٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٥٧٢) من طريق أبي نعيم به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٥١٩) - وعنه أحمد (٤١٦٩) =","vol":"17","page":533},{"text":"١٧٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن ورقاءَ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي مَجزأةَ أنَّه قال: مَن أذنَبَ ذَنبًا فليأتِنا فلنُطَهِّرْه. فأتاه قَومٌ فضَرَبَهُم، فأتاه سَلمانُ الفارِسِيُّ - ﵁ - مُغضَبًا فقالَ: أجَعَلَ اللهُ إلَيكَ مِنَ التَّوبَةِ شَيئًا؟ قال: لا. قال: فألقِ السَّوطَ ولا تَهتِكْ سِترًا سَتَرَه اللهُ (^١).\nوروِّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ أن عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ - ﵁ - سُرِقَت له عَيبَةٌ (^٢)، فدُلَّ على صاحِبِها فتَرَكَه (^٣).\nوعن عِكرِمَةَ قال: أُتِيَ ابنُ عباسٍ بسارِقٍ سَرَقَ مِن مَولاةٍ له، فزَوَّدَه وأرسَلَه (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الحَنَّاطُ (^٥)، حدثنا أبو هِشامٍ الرِّفاعِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السَّائبِ، عن مَيسَرَةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ وأُمُّه إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - فقالَت: إنَّ ابنِي هذا قَتَلَ زَوجِي. فقالَ الابنُ: إنَّ\n_________\n= مختصرًا - والشاشي (٧٨١، ٧٨٢) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٨٠: يحيى ضعيف، وأبو ماجد لا يعرف.\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٨٠: إسناده واهٍ.\n(^٢) العيبة: ما يوضع فيه الثياب لحفظها. فتح الباري ٥/ ٣٣٧، والنهاية ٣/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٢٩)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤٣).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٣٠)، ومصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٤٤).\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \"بن الحناط\"، وفي م: \"الخياط\". وينظر ما تقدم في (٣١٧٦)، وينظر الإكمال ٣/ ٢٧٧.","vol":"17","page":534},{"text":"عبدِي وقَعَ على أُمِّي. فَقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: خِبتُما وخَسِرتُما، إن تَكونِي صادِقَةً نَقتُلِ ابنَكِ، وإِن يَكُنِ ابنُكِ صادِقًا نَرجُمْكِ. ثُمَّ قامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - لِلصَّلاةِ، فقالَ الغُلامُ لأُمِّه: ما تَنظُرينَ أن يَقتُلَنِي أو يَرجُمَكِ. فانصَرَفا، فلَمّا صَلَّى سألَ عَنهُما فقيلَ: انطَلَقا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3724>بابُ ما جاءَ في الشَّفاعَةِ في الحُدودِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا (^٢) إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشَةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إنَّ قُرَيشًا هَمُّوا بشأنِ المَخزوميَّةِ التي سَرَقَت، فقالوا: مَن يُكَلِّمُ فيها رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فقالوا: مَن يَجتَرِئُ عَلَيه إلا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ حِبُّ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ فكَلَّمَه أُسامَةُ فقالَ: \"يا أُسامَةُ، تَشفَعُ في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ؟ \". ثُمَّ قامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - خَطيبًا فقالَ: \"إنَّما هَلَكَ الَّذينَ قَبلَكُم أنَّهُم كانوا إذا سَرَقَ فيهِمُ الشَّريفُ تَرَكوه، وإِذا سَرَقَ فيهِمُ الضَّعيفُ أقاموا عَلَيه الحَدَّ، وايمُ اللهِ لَو أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ محمدٍ سَرَقَت لَقَطَعتُ يَدَها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٠٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"بن\". وقد تقدم مرارًا على الصواب، وينظر ما تقدم في (٢٧٤٦). وإبراهيم العنبري كنيته أبو إسحاق كما في تاريخ دمشق ٦/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه (١٧٢٩)، وأبو عوانة (٦٢٤٠) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وابن ماجه (٢٥٤٧) عن محمد بن رمح. وتقدم في (١٧٢٤٠، ١٧٣١٠، ١٧٣٧٣، ١٧٣٧٤).","vol":"17","page":535},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزِيَّةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ راشِدٍ الدِّمَشقِيِّ أنَّهُم جَلَسوا لابنِ عُمَرَ. قال: فما رأيتُه أرادَ الجُلوسَ معنا حَتَّى قُلنا: هَلُمَّ إلَى المَجلِسِ يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. قال: فرأيتُه تَذَمَّمَ (^٢). قال: فجَلَسَ فسَكَتنا فلَم يَتَكَلَّمْ مِنّا أحَدٌ فقالَ: ما لَكُم لا تَنطِقونَ؟ ألا تَقولونَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ وبِحَمدِه. فإِنَّ الواحِدَةَ بعَشرٍ، والعَشرَ بمائَةٍ، والمِائَةَ بألفٍ، وما زِدتُم زادَكُمُ اللهُ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن حالَت شَفاعَتُه دونَ حَدٍّ مِن حَدِّ اللهِ ﷿ فقَد ضادَّ اللهَ في أمرِه، ومَن ماتَ وعَلَيه دَينٌ فلَيسَ بالدِّينارِ والدِّرهَمِ، ولَكِنَّها الحَسَناتُ والسَّيِّئاتُ، ومَن خاصَمَ في باطِلٍ وهو يَعلَمُه لَم يَزَلْ في سَخَطِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَنزِعَ، ومَن قال في مُؤمِنٍ ما لَيسَ فيه أسكنَه اللهُ ﷿ رَدغَةَ خَبالٍ (^٣) حَتَّى يَخرُجَ مِمّا قال\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٧٨٦)، ومسلم (١٦٨٨/ ٨).\n(^٢) تذمم: استنكف. التاج ٣٢/ ٢٠٩ (ذ م م).\n(^٣) ردغة الخبال: الشيء المختلط من صديد أهل النار. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٩٠.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٧٦٧٣). وأخرجه الخرائطي في مساوئ الأخلاق (١٩٦) عن الدوري مقتصرًا على قوله: \"ومن قال في مؤمن. . . إلخ\". وتقدم المرفوع منه في (١١٥٥١) من طريق زهير به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٨١: يحيى بن راشد الطويل صدوق.","vol":"17","page":536},{"text":"١٧٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِيِّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ المُؤَذِّنُ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، حَدَّثَه عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأصحابِه وهُم جُلوسٌ: \"ما لَكُم لا تَتَكَلَّمونَ؟ مَن قال: سبحانَ اللهِ وبِحَمدِه. كَتَبَ اللهُ ﷿ له عَشرَ حَسَناتٍ، ومَن قالَها عَشرًا كَتَبَ اللهُ له مِائَةَ حَسَنَةٍ، ومَن قالَها مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ كَتَبَ اللهُ له ألفَ حَسَنَةٍ، ومَن زادَ زادَه اللهُ، ومَنِ استَغفَرَ غَفَرَ اللهُ له، ومَن حالَت شَفاعَتُه دونَ حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ فقَد ضادَّ اللهَ في حُكمِه، ومَنِ اتَّهَمَ بَريئًا صَيَّرَه اللهُ إلَى طينَةِ الخَبالِ حَتَّى يأتِيَ بالمَخرَجِ مِمّا قالَ، ومَنِ انتَفَى مِن ولَدِه - يَفضَحُه به في الدُّنيا - فضَحَه اللهُ على رُءوسِ الخَلائقِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي الجَهمِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ - ﵁ - قال: اشفَعوا في الحُدودِ ما لَم تَبلُغِ السُّلطانَ، فإِذا بَلَغَتِ السُّلطانَ فلا تَشفَعوا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٤٧٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٩٨٨)، وابن الأعرابي في معجمه (٢٩٢)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٢٩٢١)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٤٩ من طريق مطر الوراق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وعند الترمذي والنسائي مقتصرًا على أوله.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٤/ ٢٣٧ من طريق أبي بكر ابن أبي الجهم به بنحوه.","vol":"17","page":537},{"text":"١٧٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن الفَرافِصَةِ الحَنَفِيِّ قال: مَرَّ عَلَينا الزُّبَيرُ - ﵁ - وقَد أخَذْنا سارِقًا، فجَعَلَ يَشفَعُ له فقالَ: أرسِلُوه. قال: قُلنا: يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ، تأمُرُنا أن نُرسِلَهُ؟ قال: إنَّ ذَلِكَ يُفعَلُ دونَ السُّلطانِ، فإِذا بَلَغَ السُّلطانَ فلا أعفَاه اللهُ إن أعفَاه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3725>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَعترِفُ بحَدٍّ لا يُسَمِّيه فيَستُرُه الإمامُ</span>\n\n١٧٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الشَّامَاتِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ القُدّوسِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَبيرِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي أصَبتُ حَدًّا فأقِمْه عليَّ. قال: ولَم يَسألْه عنه. فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ. قال: فصَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ قامَ إلَيه الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي قَد أصَبتُ حَدًّا فأقِمْ عليَّ كِتابَ اللهِ. قال: \"ألَيسَ قَد صَلَّيتَ مَعَنا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فإِنَّ اللهَ قَد غَفَرَ لَكَ ذَنبَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٥٣٥، ٢٨٥٣٦)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٤/ ٣٥٦، والدولابي في الكنى والأسماء (٧١)، والدارقطني ٣/ ٢٠٥ من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٦٤٣٣) عن عبد القدوس. والحاكم ٤/ ٢٥٣ من طريق همام به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"17","page":538},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ القُدّوسِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانِيِّ عن عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ (^١).\nورَوَى في ذَلِكَ أيضًا أبو أُمامَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3726>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهىِ عن التَّجَسُّسِ</span>\n\n١٧٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إيّاكُم والظَّنَّ، فإنَّ الظَّنَّ أكذَبُ الحَديثِ، ولا تَجَسَّسوا ولا تَحَسَّسوا، ولا تَنافَسوا ولا تَحاسَدوا، ولا تَباغَضوا ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللهِ إخوانًا\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعرَجِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٨٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٤/ ٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٥/ ٤٥)، وأبو داود (٤٣٨١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٣١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣١١).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٦٨). وسيأتي في (٢١١٠١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٣/ ٢٨)، والبخاري (٥١٤٣)، وقد رواه البخاري أيضًا (٦٠٦٦) من طريق مالك به، ولكن لم يشر إليه المصنف هنا، وأشار إليه في (٢١١٠١). وقد تقدم الحديث في (١١٥٦٨) من طريق مالك، ولم يعزه المصنف هناك للبخاري: واقتصر في العزو على مسلم.","vol":"17","page":539},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ثَورٍ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّكَ إنِ اتَّبَعتَ عَوراتِ النّاسِ - أو: عَثَراتِ النّاسِ - أفسَدتَهُم أو كِدتَ أن تُفسِدَهُم\". قال: يقولُ أبو الدَّرداءِ: كَلِمَةٌ سَمِعَها مُعاويَةُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فنَفَعَه اللهُ بها (^١).\n\n١٧٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا ضَمضَمُ بنُ زُرعَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ وكثيرِ بنِ مُرَّةَ وعَمرِو بنِ الأسوَدِ والمِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ وأبِي أُمامَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ الأميرَ إذا ابتَغَى الرِّيبَةَ في النّاسِ أفسَدَهُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ مُصعَبِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّه حَرَسَ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵄ - لَيلَةً بالمَدينَةِ، فبَينا هُم يَمشونَ شَبَّ لَهُم سِراجٌ في بَيتٍ، فانطَلَقوا يَؤُمُّونَه، حَتَّى إذا دَنَوا مِنه إذا بابٌ مُجافٍ (^٣) على قَومٍ لَهُم فيه أصواتٌ مُرتَفِعَةٌ ولَغَطٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وأخَذَ بيَدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٨٨)، وابن حبان (٥٧٦٠) من طريق الفريابي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٨٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٨٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨١٥) من طريق إسماعيل به، وعنده: \"عن المقداد بن الأسود\" مكان: \"والمقدام بن معديكرب\". وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٨٩).\n(^٣) مجاف: أي: مغلق. ينظر التاج ٢٣/ ١١٣ (ج وف).","vol":"17","page":540},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ: أتَدرِي بَيتُ مَن هَذا؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: هذا بَيتُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ خَلَفٍ، وهُمُ الآنَ شَرْبٌ (^١)، فما تَرَى؟ قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: أرَى قَد أتَينا ما نَهَى اللهُ عنه، فقالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا﴾ [الحجرات: ١٢]. فقَد تَجَسَّسْنا. فانصَرَفَ عَنهُم عُمَرُ - ﵁ - وتَرَكَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: قيلَ لِعَبدِ اللهِ: هَل لَكَ في فُلانٍ تَقطُرُ لِحيَتُه خَمرًا؟ فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ قَد نَهانا أن نَتَجَسَّسَ، فإِن يُظهِرْ لَنا نأخُذْه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3727>بابٌ: الإمامُ يَعفو عن ذَوِي الهَيئاتِ زَلَّاتِهِم ما لَم تَكُنْ حَدًّا</span>\n\n١٧٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ نافِعٍ المَدينِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: قالَت عمرَةُ: قالَت عائشَةُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أقيلوا ذَوِي الهَيئاتِ زَلَّاتِهِم\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الشرب: جمع الشارب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٥٢٤.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٨٩٤٣)، ومن طريقه الحاكم ٤/ ٣٧٧ وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (١٨٠٦) من طريق الزهري به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٨٣: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٨٩٠)، والترمذي في العلل (٦٦٣) من طريق الأعشى به، وذكر الترمذي أن اسم الشارب الوليد بن عقبة. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٠٩٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٩٤) من طريق أبي بكر ابن نافع به.","vol":"17","page":541},{"text":"١٧٦٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ المُزَكِّى وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّاذْيَاخِيُّ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ (^١) بنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشَةَ أنَّها قالَت: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أقيلوا ذَوِي الهَيئاتِ عَثَراتِهِم، إلَّا حَدًّا مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه دُحَيمٌ وأبو الطّاهِرِ ابنُ السَّرحِ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ (^٣).\nورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن ابنِ أبي فُدَيكٍ دونَ ذِكرِ أبيه فيه (^٤). فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وذَوو الهَيئاتِ الَّذينَ يُقالونَ عَثَراتِهِمُ الَّذينَ لَيسوا يُعرَفونَ بالشَّرِّ فيَزِلُّ أحَدُهُمُ الزَّلَّةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٣١٢).\n(^٣) ذكره المزي في تهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٠٩، والذهبي في ميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٥٥ عن دحيم به. وأخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٤٥ من طريق أبي الطاهر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٧٥) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٧٩).\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٦٥)، والأم ٦/ ١٤٥.","vol":"17","page":542},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3728>بابُ قِتالِ أهلِ الرِّدَّةِ وما أُصيبَ في أيديهِم مِن مَتاعِ المُسلِمينَ</span>\n\n١٧٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: لَمّا وجَّهَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ إلَى أهلِ الرِّدَّةِ أوعَبَ مَعَه بالنّاسِ، وخَرَجَ مَعَه أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - حَتَّى نَزَلَ بذِي القَصَّةِ مِنَ المَدينَةِ على بَريدَينِ فعَبَّأَ هُناكَ جُيوشَه وعَهِدَ إلَيه عَهدَه، وأمَّرَ على الأنصارِ ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسِ بنِ الشَّمَّاسِ وأمْرُه إلَى خالِدٍ، وأمَّرَ خالِدًا على جَماعَةِ النّاسِ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ وقَبائلِ العَرَبِ، ثُمَّ أمَرَه أن يَصمُدَ لِطُلَيحَةَ بنِ خوَيلِدٍ الأسَدِيِّ، فإِذا فرَغَ مِنه صَمَدَ إلَى أرضِ بَنِي تَميمٍ حَتَّى يَفرُغَ مِمّا بها وأسَرَّ ذَلِكَ إلَيه، وأظهَرَ أنَّه سَيَلقَى خالِدًا بمَن بَقِيَ مَعَه مِنَ النّاسِ في ناحيَةِ خَيبَرَ، وما يُريدُ ذَلِكَ إنَّما أظهَرَه مَكيدَةً، قَد كان أوعَبَ مَعَ خالِدٍ بالنّاسِ، فمَضَى خالِدٌ حَتَّى التَقَى هو وطُلَيحَةُ في يَومِ بُزاخَةَ على ماءٍ مِن مياه بَنِي أسَدٍ يُقالُ له قَطَنٌ، وقَد كان مَعَه عُيَينَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ في سَبعِمِائَةٍ مِن فزارَةَ، فكانَ حينَ هَزَّته الحَربُ يأتِي طُلَيحَةَ فيَقولُ: لا أبَا لَكَ هَل جاءَكَ جِبريلُ بَعدُ؟ فيَقولُ: لا، واللهِ. فيَقولُ: ما يُنظِرُه؟ فقدْ واللهِ جَهِدْنا. حَتَّى جاءَه مَرَّةً فسألَه فقالَ: نَعَم قَد جاءَنِي فقالَ: إنَّ لَكَ رَحًى كَرَحاه، وحَديثًا لا تَنساه. فقالَ: أظُنُّ قَد عَلِمَ اللهُ أنَّه سَيَكونُ لَكَ حَديثٌ لا تَنساه، هذا واللهِ يا بَنِي فزارَةَ كَذّابٌ، فانطَلِقوا لِشأنِكُم.","vol":"17","page":543},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ قِتالِ أهلِ البَغيِ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قَتْلَ طُلَيحَةَ عُكَّاشَةَ بنَ مِحْصَنٍ وثابِتَ بنَ أقْرَمَ في هذا الوَجهِ، ثُمَّ إسلامَه حينَ غَلَبَ الحَقُّ وإِحرامَه بالعُمرَةِ، ومُرورَه بأبِي بكرٍ - ﵁ - بالمَدينَةِ (^١)، ولَم يَبلُغْنا أنَّه أقادَ مِنه أو ألزَمَه العَقلَ.\n\n١٧٦٩٣ - وفِي كِتابِي عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ الحافظِ - وأظُنُّه فيما سَمِعتُه، وإلا فهو فيما أجازَ لِي - أن أبا عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيَّ أخبَرَهُم: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبيه قال: لَمَّا وقَعَتِ الهَزيمَةُ في عَسكَرِ طُلَيحَةَ خَرَجَ في النّاسِ مُنهَزِمًا حَتَّى قَدِمَ الشّامَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ في خِلافَةِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ - مَكَّةَ، فلَمَّا رآه عُمَرُ - ﵁ - قال: يا طُلَيحَةُ، لا أُحِبُّكَ بعدَ قَتلِكَ الرَّجُلَينِ الصّالِحَينِ عُكَّاشَة بنَ مِحْصَنٍ وثابِتَ بنَ أقْرَمَ. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أكرَمَهُما اللهُ بيَدِي ولَم يُهِنِّي بأيديهِما، وما كُلُّ البُيوتِ بُنيَت على الحُبِّ، ولَكِن صَفحَةٌ جَميلَةٌ، فإِنَّ النّاسَ يَتَصافَحونَ على الشَّنَآنِ. وأسلَمَ طُلَيحَةُ إسلامًا صَحيحًا (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٨٠٦، ١٦٨٤٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ١٥٣، ١٥٤ من طريق الواقدي عن هشام بن سعد عن محمد بن كعب. وفي ٢٥/ ١٧٠ من طريق آخر عن الواقدي من قوله، وفيهما: \"على السنان\".\nوقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٤٨٤: إسناده منقطع، وفيه الواقدي.","vol":"17","page":544},{"text":"ابنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مسلمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: جاءَ وفدُ بُزاخَةَ أسَدٌ وغَطَفانُ إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - يَسألونَه الصُّلحَ، فخَيَّرَهُم أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - بَينَ الحَربِ المُجليَةِ أوِ السِّلمِ المُخزيَةِ. قال: فقالوا: هذا الحَربُ المُجليَةُ قَد عَرَفناها، فما السِّلمُ المُخزيَةُ؟ قال أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: تُؤَدّونَ الحَلْقَةَ والكُراعَ (^١)، وتُترَكونَ أقوامًا يَتَّبِعونَ أذنابَ الإبِلِ، حَتَّى يُرِيَ اللهُ خَليفَةَ نَبيِّه والمُسلِمينَ أمرًا يَعذِرونَكُم به، وتَدونَ قَتلانا ولا نَدِي قَتلاكُم، وقَتلانا في الجَنَّةِ وقَتلاكُم في النّارِ، وتَرُدُّونَ ما أصَبتُم مِنّا، ونَغنَمُ ما أصَبنا مِنكُم. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: قَد رأيتُ رأيًا وسَنُشيرُ عَلَيكَ؛ أمَّا أن يُؤَدّوا الحَلقَةَ والكُراعَ فنِعِمّا رأيتَ، وأمَّا أن يُترَكوا أقوامًا يَتَّبِعون أذنابَ الإبِلِ حَتَّى يُرِيَ اللهُ خَليفَةَ نَبيِّه والمُسلِمينَ أمرًا يَعذِرونَهُم به فنِعِمّا رأيتَ، وأمَّا أن نَغنَمَ ما أصَبْنا مِنهُم ويَرُدّونَ ما أصابوا مِنّا فنِعِمّا رأيتَ، وأمَّا أنَّ قَتلاهُم في النّارِ وقَتلانا في الجَنَّةِ فنِعِمّا رأيتَ، وأمَّا أن يَدوا قَتلانا فلا؛ قَتلانا قُتِلوا على أمرِ الله فلا ديَاتَ لَهُم. فتَتابَعَ النّاسُ على ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَولُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في الأموالِ لا يُخالِفُ\n_________\n(^١) الحلقة: بسكون اللام، السلاح عامة. وقيل: الدروع خاصة. والكراع: اسم لجميع الخيل. النهاية ١/ ٤٢٧، ٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٧٣). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٥١٠) - ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٧٤٢) - والبلاذري في فتوح البلدان (٢٧٩) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد في فضائل الصحابة (١٦٩٨) من طريق قيس بن مسلم به. وتقدم أوله في (١٦٨٤١).","vol":"17","page":545},{"text":"قَولَه في الدِّماءِ؛ فإِنَّه إنَّما أرادَ به - واللهُ أعلمُ - ما أُصيبَ في أيديهِم مِن أعيانِ أموالِ المُسلِمينَ، لا تَضمينَ ما أتلَفوا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3729>بابُ ما جاءَ في مَنعِ الرَّجُلِ نَفسَه وحَريمَه ومالَهُ</span>\n\n١٧٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ محمدِ بنِ عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵁ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أُصيبَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن أُصيبَ دونَ أهلِه فهو شَهيدٌ، ومَن أُصيبَ دونَ دينِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ وأبو أيّوبَ الهاشِمِيُّ عن إبراهيمَ فقالَ: \"ومَن قُتِلَ دونَ أهلِه أو دونَ دَمِه أو دونَ دينِه فهو شَهيدٌ\". وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ الكَيسانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه مَظلومًا فلَه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦١٣٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٨٥٧، ١٦٨٥٨).","vol":"17","page":546},{"text":"الجَنَّةُ\" (^١). لَفظُهُما واحِدٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ وإِسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ؛ قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ ابنُ رافِعٍ: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي سُلَيمانُ الأحوَلُ أن ثابِتًا مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه أنَّه لَمّا كان بَينَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو وبَينَ عَنبَسَةَ بنِ أبي سُفيانَ ما كان تَيَسَّروا لِلقِتالِ، رَكِبَ خالِدُ بنُ العاصِ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو فوَعَظَه، فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو: أما عَلِمتَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ؟ \" (^٣) رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي مَخزومٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عَمِّه، أن مُعاويَةَ أرادَ أن يأخُذَ الوَهْطَ (^٥) مِن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، فأمَرَ مَواليَه أن يَتَسَلَّحوا، فقيلَ له في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن قُتِلَ دونَ مالِه فهو شَهيدٌ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٠٨٤)، والنسائي (٤٠٩٧) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن المقرئ به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٨٥٦٨)، وعنه أحمد (٦٩٢٢). وتقدم في (٦١٢٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤١/ ٢٢٦).\n(^٥) الوهط: الأرض المطمئنة، وبه سمى مال كان لعمرو بن العاص بالطائف. الفائق ٣/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٦) الطيالسي (٢٤٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"17","page":547},{"text":"١٧٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إن جاءَنِي رَجُلٌ يُريدُ أخذَ مالِي؟ قال: \"فلا تُعطِه مالَكَ\". قال: أفَرأيتَ إن قاتَلَنِي؟ قال: \"فقاتِلْه\". قال: أرأيتَ إن قَتَلَنِي؟ قال: \"فأنتَ شَهيدٌ\". قال: أفَرأيتَ إن قَتَلتُهُ؟ قال: \"هو في النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ العَلَوِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدٍ النَّجّارُ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ حَمّادٍ، عن أسْبَاطٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن قابوسَ بنِ مُخارِقٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، آتٍ أتانِي يُريدُ أن يَبُزَّنِي (^٣)، فما أصنَعُ بهِ؟ قال: \"تُناشِدُه اللهَ\". قالَ: أرأيتَ إن ناشَدتُه فأبَى أن يَنتَهِيَ؟ قال: \"تَستَعينُ المُسلِمينَ\". قال: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إن لَم يَكُنْ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ أستَعينُه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (١٢٦) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأبو نعيم في ذكر أخبار أصبهان ١/ ١٥٠ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وتقدم في (٦١٢٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٠/ ٢٢٥).\n(^٣) يبزنى: يسلبني. والبز: النزع والسلب. التاج ١٥/ ٢٢٩ (ب ز ز).","vol":"17","page":548},{"text":"عَلَيهِ؟ قال: \"استَغِثِ السُّلطانَ\". قال: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إن لَم يَكُنْ عِندِي سُلطانٌ استَغيثُه عَلَيهِ؟ قال: \"فقاتِلْه، فإِن قَتَلَكَ كُنتَ في شُهَداءِ الآخِرَةِ، وإلَّا مَنَعتَ مالَكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الصِّبغِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُطَّلِبِ، عن أخيه الحَكَمِ، عن أبيه المُطَّلِبِ بنِ حَنْطَبٍ، عن قُهَيدٍ الغِفارِيِّ قال: سألَ سائلٌ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن عَدا عليِّ عادٍ؟ فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ذَكِّرْه باللهِ - وأمَرَه بتَذكيرِه ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ - فإِن أبَى فقاتِلْه، فإِن قَتَلَكَ فإِنَّكَ في الجَنَّةِ، وإِن قَتَلتَه فإِنَّه في النّارِ\" (^٢). كَذا قالَ.\n\n١٧٧٠٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا أبي وشُعَيبٌ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن قُهَيدِ بنِ مُطَرِّفٍ الغِفارِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا جاءَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن عُدِيَ على مالِي؟ قال: \"فانشُدِ اللهَ\". قالَ: فإِن أبَوا؟ قال: \"فانشُدِ اللهَ\". قال: فإِن أبَوا؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٥١٣)، والنسائي (٤٠٩٢) من طريق سماك بن حرب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٠٣): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٨٦، ١٥٤٨٧)، والطبراني (٨٣) من طريق عبد العزيز بن المطلب به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٢٤٥: رواه أحمد والطبراني والبزار ورجالهم ثقات.","vol":"17","page":549},{"text":"\"فانشُدِ اللهَ\". قال: فإِن أبَوا عَلَيَّ؟ قال: \"فقاتِلْ، فإِن قُتِلتَ ففِي الجَنَّةِ، وإِن قُتِلَ ففِي النّارِ\" (^١).\nكَذا وجَدتُه، والصَّوابُ: عن ابنِ الهادِ عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو عن قُهَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3730>بابُ ما يُسقِطُ القِصاصَ مِنَ العَمدِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن صَفوانَ بنَ يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ حَدَّثَه عن يَعلَى بنِ أُمَيَّةَ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ العُسرَةِ، وكانَت أوثَقَ أعمالِي في نَفسِي، وكانَ لِي أجيرٌ فقاتَلَ إنسانًا؛ فعَضَّ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه فانتَزَعَ إصبَعَه فسَقَطَت ثَنيَّتُه، فجاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأهدَرَ ثَنيَّتَه. قال عَطاءٌ: فحَسِبتُ (^٣) أن صَفوانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أيَدَعُ يَدَه في فيكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٠٩٤) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم عن شعيب وحده به. واحمد (٨٧٢٤) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان في الثقات ٥/ ٣٢٦، والمزى في تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ١٩٥ من طريق ابن الهاد به. وقد أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٧٥، ٨٤٧٦)، والنسائي (٤٠٩٣) من طريق الليث عن يزيد عن عمرو بن قهيد عن أبي هريرة. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٣٨٠٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"فخشيت\".","vol":"17","page":550},{"text":"فتَقضَمُها كَقَضمِ الفَحلِ؟! \" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ يُخبِرُ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا قاتَلَ آخَرَ فعَضَّه، فانتَزَعَ إصبَعَه وانتُزِعَت سِنُّه، فأتَيا أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﵁ - فأهدَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْباريُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ زُرارَةَ بنَ أوفَى يُحَدِّثُ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن رَجُلًا عَضَّ يَدَ رَجُلٍ، فنَزَعَ يَدَه مِن فيه، فوَقَعَت ثَنيَّتاه، فاختَصَموا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يَعَضُّ أحَدُكُم أخاه كما يَعَضُّ الفَحلُ؟! لا ديَةَ لَكَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٤٩٢، ٣٤٩٣)، وابن وهب (٥١٤)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٩٩٧)، وعند ابن وهب: أخبرني ابن لهيعة قال: أخبرني ابن جريج. . . . وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٤٩)، وأبو داود (٤٥٨٤)، والنسائي (٤٧٨٢، ٤٧٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٦٥، ٢٩٧٣، ٤٤١٧)، ومسلم (١٦٧٤/ ٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الشافعي ٦/ ٢٩ من طريق ابن جريج به. وأخرجه أبو داود عقب (٤٥٨٤) من طريق ابن جريج، وعنده: عن جده. مكان: عن أبيه.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٠٠)، والترمذي (١٤١٦)، والنسائي (٤٧٧٤)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩٨، ٥٩٩٩) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٥٧) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٨٩٢)، ومسلم (١٦٧٣/ ١٨).","vol":"17","page":551},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3731>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ مَعَ امرأتِه الرَّجُلَ فيَقتُلُهُ</span>\n\n١٧٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن سَعدًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إن وجَدتُ مَعَ امرأتِي رَجُلًا، أُمهِلُه حَتَّى آتِيَ بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ أن سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ الأنصارِيَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، الرَّجُلُ يَجِدُ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا، أيَقتُلُهُ؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا\". قال سَعدٌ: بَلَى والَّذِي أكرَمَكَ بالحَقِّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اسمَعوا إلَى ما يقولُ سَيِّدُكُم! \" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٨٠). وتقدم في (١٧٠٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٨/ ١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٣٢) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٦٠٥) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردي به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٩٨/ ١٤).","vol":"17","page":552},{"text":"١٧٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ في المَسجِدِ لَيلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ إذ قال رَجُلٌ: لَو أن رَجُلًا وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَه قَتَلتُموه، وإِن تَكَلَّمَ به جَلَدتُموه، لأذكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قالَ: فذَكَرَه لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ آياتِ اللِّعانِ، ثُمَّ جاءَ الرَّجُلُ فقَذَفَ امرأتَه، فلاعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَهُما وقالَ: \"عَسَى أن تَجِئَ به أسوَدَ جَعدًا\". فجاءَت به أسوَدَ جَعدًا (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الشّامِ يُقالُ له: ابنُ خَيبَرِيٍّ وجَدَ مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلًا فقَتَلَه - أو فقَتَلَهُما - فأَشكَلَ على مُعاويَةَ القَضاءُ، فكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ إلَى أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ يَسألُ له عليَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - عن ذَلِكَ، فسألَ أبو موسَى عن ذَلِكَ عليَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ، فقالَ عليٌّ: إنَّ هذا لَشَيءٌ لَم يَكُنْ بأرضِي، عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ لَتُخبِرَنِّي. فقالَ أبو موسَى: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٥٧٧) دون ذكر أبي بكر ابن عبد الله، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٣٤٠). وتقدم في (١٥٤٣٣، ١٥٤٥٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٥/. . .).","vol":"17","page":553},{"text":"مُعاويَةُ ابنُ أبي سُفيانَ في ذَلِكَ. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﵁ -: أنا أبو حَسَنٍ، إن لَم يأتِ بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ فليُعطَ برُمَّتِهِ (^١).\nوأمَّا الأثَرُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٧٧١٠ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مسلمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ وحُمَيدٌ ومَطَرٌ وعَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا كان مِنَ العَرَبِ نَزَلَ عَلَيه نَفَرٌ فذَبَحَ لَهُم شاةً ولَه ابنَتانِ، فقالَ لإِحداهُما: اذهَبِي فاحتَطِبِي. قال: فذَهَبَت فلَمّا تَباعَدَت تَبِعَها أحَدُهُم فراوَدَها عن نَفسِها، فقالَتِ: اتَّقِ اللهَ. وناشَدَته فأبَى عَلَيها، فقالَت: روَيدَكَ حَتَّى أستَصلِحَ لَكَ. فذَهَبَت ونامَ، فجاءَت بصَخرَةٍ ففَلَقَت رأسَه فقَتَلَته فجاءَت إلَى أبيها فأخبَرَته الخَبَرَ، فقالَ: اسكُتِي لا تُخبِرِي أحَدًا. فهَيّأ الطَّعامَ فوَضَعَه بَينَ يَدَيْ أصحابِه، فقالَ لأصحابِه: كُلوا. فقالوا: حَتَّى يَجِئَ صاحِبُنا. فقالَ: كُلوا فإِنَّه سَيأتيكُم. فَلَمّا أكَلوا حَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه وقالَ: إنَّه كان مِنَ الأمرِ كَيتَ وكَيتَ. فقالوا: يا عَدوَّ اللهِ قَتَلتَ صاحِبَنا، واللهِ لَنَقتُلَنَّكَ بهِ. فارتَفَعوا إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فقالَ: ما كان اسمُ صاحِبِكُم؟ فقالوا: غُفلٌ. قال: هو كاسمِهِ. وأبطَلَ دَمَه. فهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١١/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٧٣٧، وعنه الشافعي ٨/ ٢٠٦، ٢٠٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٩١٥، ١٧٩١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٣٣٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٧٠٩٤)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٥٥٣).","vol":"17","page":554},{"text":"١٧٧١١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا أضافَ ناسًا مِن هُذَيلٍ فذَهَبَت جاريَةٌ لَهُم تَحتَطِبُ، فأرادَها رَجُلٌ مِنهُم عن نَفسِها فرَمَته بفِهرٍ (^١) فقَتَلَته، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ - قال: ذاكَ قَتيلُ اللهِ، واللهِ لا يُودَى أبَدًا (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: هذا عِندَنا مِن عُمَرَ - ﵁ - أن البَيِّنَةَ قامَت عِندَه على المَقتولِ، أو على أن ولِيَّ المَقتولِ أقَرَّ عِندَه بما يوجِبُ له أن يُقتَلَ المَقتولُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3732>بابُ التَّعَدِّي والاطِّلاعِ</span>\n\n١٧٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، سَمِعَ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الفهر: الحجر مطلقًا. وقيل: قدر ما يدق به، أو قدر ما يملأ الكف. التاج ١٣/ ٣٥٣ (ف هـ ر).\n(^٢) أبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع مصنفاته (٤١١)، وسعدان بن نصر في جزئه (٩٥)، وسفيان بن عيينة في جزئه (١٥)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٢٤٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٩١٩) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ١٣٧. وذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٢٧٩) من قول الشافعي.","vol":"17","page":555},{"text":"السّاعِدِيَّ يقولُ: اطَّلَعَ رَجُلٌ مِن جُحرٍ في حُجرَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه مِدْرًى (^١) يَحُكُّ به رأسَه، فقالَ: \"لَو أعلمُ أنَّكَ تَنظُرُ لَطَعَنتُ به في عَينِكَ، إنَّما جُعِلَ الاستِئذانُ مِن أجلِ النَّظَرِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الزَّعفَرانِيِّ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ هاشَمٍ: \"لَو عَلِمتُ أنَّكَ تَنظُرُنِي\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ، أن رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِن سِترِ الحُجرَةِ وفِي يَدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِدْرًى فقالَ: \"لَو أعلمُ أن هذا يَنظُرُنِي حَتَّى آتِيَه لَطَعَنتُ بالمِدْرَى في عَينِه، وهَل جُعِلَ الاستِئذانُ إلَّا مِن أجلِ البَصَرِ؟! \" (^٥). أخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ (^٦).\n\n١٧٧١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ المِنهالِ وأبو النُّعمانِ\n_________\n(^١) المدرى: ويقال: المدراة، حديدة يسرح بها الشعر. الفائق ١/ ٤٢١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٤٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٠٢)، والترمذي (٢٧٠٩)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٧٤)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠١) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٤١)، ومسلم (٢١٥٦) عقب (٤١).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٣١)، وعنه أحمد (٢٢٨٣٣).\n(^٦) مسلم (٢١٥٦) عقب (٤١).","vol":"17","page":556},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ في بَعضِ حُجَرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقامَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمِشْقَصٍ (^١) أو بمَشاقِصَ، فذَهَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَحوَ الرَّجُلِ يَختِلُه (^٢) ليَطعُنَه بهِ. وقالَ الحَجّاجُ: فكأنِّي أنظُرُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَختِلُه ليَطعُنَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي النُّعمانِ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن حَمّادٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ إسماعيلَ الخُطَبِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن أعرابيًّا أتَى بابَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فألقَمَ عَينَه خَصاصَةَ البابِ (^٥)، فبَصُرَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فأخَذَ عودًا مُحَدَّدًا فوَجأ (^٦) عَينَ الأعرابِيِّ فانقَمَعَ (^٧)، فقالَ: \"لَو ثَبَثَّ لَفَقأتُ عَينَكَ\" (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) المشقص: نصل السهم إذا كان طويلا غير عريض. النهاية ٢/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٢) يختله: يغتفله ويراوغه ليقتله. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٠٧، ١٣٥٤٣)، وأبو داود (٥١٧١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٤٢، ٦٩٠٠)، ومسلم (٢١٥٧).\n(^٥) أي: جعل الشق - أي: الخصاصة - الذي في الباب محاذى عينه، فكأنه جعله للعين كاللقمة للفم. النهاية ٤/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٦) وجأ: ضرب. التاج ١/ ٤٨٢ (وج أ).\n(^٧) انقمع: رد بصره ورجع. التاج ٢٢/ ٨١ (ق م ع).\n(^٨) أخرجه النسائي (٤٨٧٣) من طريق أبان به.","vol":"17","page":557},{"text":"١٧٧١٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو أن امرأً اطَّلَعَ عَلَيكَ بغَيرِ إذنٍ فحَذَفتَه بحَصاةٍ ففَقأتَ عَينَه ما كان عَلَيكَ جُناحٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اطَّلَعَ في بَيتِ قَومٍ بَغَيرِ إذنِهِم فقَد حَلَّ لَهُم أن يَفقَئوا عَينَه\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حربٍ عن جريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي، فإِذا صاحِبٌ له قَدِ اطَّلَعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٠٠)، وأبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع مصنفاته (٨٣)، وسعدان بن نصر في جزئه (١٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣١٣)، والنسائي (٤٨٧٦) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان عقب (٦٠٠٢، ٦٠٠٣) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩٠٢)، ومسلم (٢١٥٨/ ٤٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦١٦) من طريق سهل بن أبي صالح به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٥٨/ ٤٣).","vol":"17","page":558},{"text":"في دارِ قَومٍ فرأى امرأةً. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ قال: أخبرَنا أبو هريرةَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اطَّلَعَ في دارِ قَومٍ بَغَيرِ إذنِهِم ففَقَئوا عَينَه هُدِرَت عَينُه\" (^١).\n\n١٧٧١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبي هُرَيرَة، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ اطَّلَعَ على قَومٍ بغَيرِ إذنِهِم فرَمَوه فأصابَ عَينَه (^٢) فلا ديَةَ له ولا قِصاصَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَو أن رَجُلًا اطَّلَعَ في بَيتِ رَجُلٍ ففَقأ عَينَه ما كان عَلَيه فيه شَيءٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٣٦٠، ١٠٨٢٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٧٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) في م: \"عينيه\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٩٧)، والنسائي (٤٨٧٥)، وابن حبان (٦٠٠٤) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٥١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الخرائطي في مساوئ الأخلاق (٨٠٥) عن أبي بكر ابن خنب به. والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٨٣) من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل السلمي به.","vol":"17","page":559},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3733>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَستأذِنُ على دارٍ فلا يَستَقبِلُ البابَ ولا يَنظُرُ</span>\n\n١٧٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ بلالٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن وليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ البَصَرُ فلا إذْنَ\" (^١)\n\n١٧٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن هُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: أتَى سَعدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فاستأذَنَ عَلَيه وهو مُستَقبِلُ الباب، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بيَدِه هكذا: \"يا سَعدُ، فإنَّما الاستِئذانُ مِنَ النَّظَرِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يَسافٍ، أن سَعدًا استأذَنَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قُبالَةَ البابِ فقالَ له: \"إذا استأذَنتَ فلا تَستَقبِلَ البابَ\" (^٣).\nكِلاهُما مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١٧٣) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. وأحمد (٨٧٨٦) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١١١٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١٧٤) من طريق جرير به، وعنده: سعد بن أبي وقاص. بدلًا من: سعد بن معاذ. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٢٥٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"17","page":560},{"text":"١٧٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ اليَحصُبِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ بُسْرٍ يقولُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بنُ الفَضلِ الحَرّانِيُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُسْرٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا أتَى بابَ قَومٍ مَشَى مَعَ الجِدارِ ولَم يَستَقبِلِ البابَ، ولَكِن يَقومُ يَمينًا وشِمالًا فيَستأذِنُ، فإِن أُذِنَ له وإلا رَجَعَ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ القَومَ لَم يَكُنْ لأبوابِهِم سُتورٌ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ آدَمَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الحَرّانِيِّ: لَم يَستَقبِلِ البابَ مِن تِلقاءِ وجهِه، ولَكِن مِن رُكنِه الأيمَنِ أوِ الأيسَرِ، ويَقولُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم. وذَلِكَ أن الدُّورَ لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيها يَومَئذٍ سُتورٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3734>بابُ ما جاءَ في كَيفيَّةِ الاستِئذانِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ خُصَيفَةَ، عن بُسْرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: استأذَنَ أبو موسَى على عُمَرَ - ﵄ - فلَم يُؤذَنْ له\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٥١، وأبو داود (٥١٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٩٤) من طريق بقية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣١٨).","vol":"17","page":561},{"text":"فانصَرَفَ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: ما لَكَ لَم تأتِنِي؟ قال: قَد جِئتُ فاستأذَنْتُ ثَلاثًا فلَم يُؤذَنْ لِي فرَجَعْتُ، وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن استأذَنَ ثَلاثًا فلَم يُؤذَنْ له فليَرجِعْ\". فقالَ له عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أقِمْ على ذا بَيِّنَةً وإلا أوجَعتُكَ. فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: فأتانا أبو موسَى مَذعورًا أو فزِعًا، قال: جِئتُ أستَشهِدُكُم. قال أُبَيُّ بنُ كَعبٍ - ﵁ -: اجلِسْ، لا يَقومُ مَعَكَ إلا أصغَرُ القَومِ. قال أبو سعيدٍ: فكُنتُ أصغَرَهُم فقُمتُ فشَهِدتُ له عِندَ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ استأذَنَ ثَلاثًا فلَم يُؤذَنْ له فليَرجِعْ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَفوانَ، عن كَلَدَةَ بنِ الحَنبَلِ أن صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ بَعَثَه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بلَبَنٍ وجَدايَةٍ (^٣) وضَغابيسَ (^٤)، فدَخَلتُ فلَم أُسَلِّمْ، فقالَ لِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ فسَلِّمْ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٢٩)، وأبو داود (٥١٨٠) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٥٨١٠) من طريق بسر بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٤٥)، ومسلم (٢١٥٣) عقب (٣٣).\n(^٣) الجداية: من أولاد الظباء ما بلغ ستة أشهر أو سبعة. النهاية ١/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٤) الضغابيس: صغار القثاء، واحدها ضغبوس. الفائق ٢/ ٣٤١.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٧٦) من طريق أبي عاصم الضحاك بن مخلد به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٧٣٥) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣١١).","vol":"17","page":562},{"text":"١٧٧٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سُفيانَ، أن عمرَو بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ صَفوانَ أخبَرَه، أن كَلَدَةَ بنَ الحَنبَلِ أخبَرَه أن صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ بَعَثَه في الفَتحِ بلَبإٍ (^١) وجَدايَةٍ وضَغابيسَ والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على الوادِي، قال: فدَخَلْتُ عَلَيه ولَم أُسَلِّمْ ولَم أستأذِنْ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ فقُل: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أأدخُلُ؟ \". بعدَ ما أسلَمَ صَفوانُ. وقال عمرٌو: وأخبَرَنِي هذا الخَبَرَ أُمَيَّةُ بنُ صَفوانَ. ولَم يَقُلْ: سَمِعتُه مِن كَلَدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ إبنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِيٍّ، حدثنا رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ استأذَنَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وهو في بَيتٍ، فقالَ: ألِجُ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لِخادِمِه: \"اخرُجْ إلَى هذا فعَلِّمْه الاستِئذانَ، فقُلْ له: قُل: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أأدخُلُ؟ \". فسَمِعَه الرَّجُلُ فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أأدخُلُ؟ فأذِنَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فدَخَلَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٢٩ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ،\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بلبان\"، وفي م: \"بلباء\". واللبأ: هو أول ما يحلب عند الولادة. النهاية ٤/ ٢٢١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٨٨٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٧٦)، والترمذي (٢٧١٠) من طريق روح به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٢٧٤)، وأبو داود (٥١٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٠٦٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣١٢).","vol":"17","page":563},{"text":"عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِيِّ بنِ حِراشٍ قال: حُدِّثتُ أن رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ استأذَنَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. بمَعناه (^١).\n\n١٧٧٣٠ - قال أبو داودَ: وكَذَلِكَ حَدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، ولَم يَقُلْ: عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن رِبعِيٍّ (^٣)، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي عامِرٍ أنَّه استأذَنَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. بمَعناه قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أأدخُلُ؟ (^٤).\nوروِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وهو في مَشرُبَةٍ له فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ، أيَدخُلُ عُمَرُ؟ (^٥).\n\n١٧٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرًا قال: أتَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٥١٧٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٥١٧٨).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"بن حراش\". والمثبت موافق لأبي داود.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥١٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٢٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٤٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٦)، وأبو داود (٥٢٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٥٣) وعند أحمد: عن ابن عباس قال: جاء عمر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٣٣). وينظر (١٣٣٩٥، ٢٠٢٨٥).","vol":"17","page":564},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في دَينٍ على أبي، فدَقَقتُ البابَ فقالَ: \"مَن ذا؟ \". فقُلتُ: أنا. فقالَ: \"أنا أنا! \". مَرَّتَينِ كأنَّه كَرِهَه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عمرٍو. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3735>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يُدعَى، أيَكونُ ذَلِكَ إذنًا لَهُ</span>؟\n\n١٧٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ وتَمتامٌ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ وحَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"رسولُ الرَّجُلِ إلَى الرَّجُلِ إذنُه\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن حَبيبٍ وهِشامٍ، عن محمدٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٨١٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٠٨) عن الفضل بن الحباب به. وأحمد (١٤١٨٥)، وأبو داود (٥١٨٧)، والترمذي (٢٧١١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٠٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٥٠)، ومسلم (٢١٥٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٨٨٣٠) بالإسناد الأول بزيادة حبيب مع حماد. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨١١) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٤) ليس في: م. =","vol":"17","page":565},{"text":"١٧٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا دُعِىَ أحَدُكُم فجاءَ مَعَ الرَّسولِ فذَلِكَ له إذنٌ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا عِندِى - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - فيه إذا لَم يَكُنْ في الدّارِ حُرمَةٌ، فإِن كان فيها حُرمَةٌ فلا بُدَّ مِن الاستِئذانِ بعدَ نُزولِ آيَةِ الحِجابِ.\n\n١٧٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ ذَرٍّ، حدثنا مُجاهِدٌ أن أبا هريرةَ كان يقولُ. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ، قال فيه: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"الحَقْ\". وَمَضَى واتَّبَعْتُه فدَخَلَ واستأذَنْتُ فأَذِنَ لِى، فدَخَلْتُ فوَجَدْتُ لَبَنًا في قَدَحٍ فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ هذا اللَّبَنُ؟ \". قالوا: أهداه لَكَ فُلانٌ أو فُلانَةُ. قال: \"أبا هِرٍّ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"الحَقْ أهلَ الصُّفَّةِ فادعُهُم لِى\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فأتَيتُهُم فدَعَوتُهُم، فأقبَلوا حَتَّى استأذَنوا فأُذِنَ لَهُم، وأخَذوا مَجالِسَهُم مِنَ البَيتِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٥١٨٩) من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٢١).\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٨٣١ مكرر) عن الحاكم وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٩٤) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وأبو داود (٥١٩٠) من طريق سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٢٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٣٩٥) بتمامه.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٢٥).","vol":"17","page":566},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3736>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَدخُلُ دارَ غَيرِه بغَيرِ إذنِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ الباشانِىُّ المُزَكِّى - قَدِمَ عَلَينا بَيهَقَ حاجًّا - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَسُنويَه، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إدريسَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا المَنجَنِيقِىُّ إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كان يقولُ: \"الدّارُ حَرَمٌ، فمَن دَخَلَ عَلَيكَ حَرَمَكَ فاقتُلْه\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ السُّلَمِىُّ البَصرِىُّ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ، سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يَذكُرُه عن البُخارِيِّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^٣).\nوهو إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - أنَّه يأمُرُه بالخُروجِ، فإِن لَم يَخرُجْ فلَه ضَربُه وإِن أتَى الضَّربُ على نَفسِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3737>بابُ الضَّمانِ على البَهائمِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٥٦، ٢٢٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٧٢) عن محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٥٦. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ١٣٠ من طريق يونس به.","vol":"17","page":567},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أن ناقَةً لِلبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ دَخَلَت حائطًا لِقَومٍ فأفسَدَت فيه، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أهلِ الأموالِ حِفظَها بالنَّهارِ، وما أفسَدَتِ المَواشِى باللَّيلِ فهو ضامِنٌ على أهلِها (^١).\n\n١٧٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُحَيَّصَةَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ كانَت له ناقَةٌ ضاريَةٌ (^٢) فدَخَلَت حائطًا فأفسَدَت فيه، فكُلِّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيها، فقَضَى أن حِفظَ الحَوائطِ بالنَّهارِ على أهلِها، وأنَّ حِفظَ الماشيَةِ باللَّيلِ على أهلِها، وأنَّ على أهلِ الماشيَةِ ما أفسَدَت ماشيَتُهُم باللَّيلِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ بنُ سوَيدٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حرَامِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٨٩)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٣٠١، وتقدم في (١٧٣٦٥).\n(^٢) الناقة الضارية: المعتادة لأكل زروع الناس. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٨٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (١٨٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٦١٥٧، ٦١٥٨) من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"17","page":568},{"text":"ابنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، أن ناقَةً لِلبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ دَخَلَت حائطَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأفسَدَت فيه، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أهلِ الحَوائطِ حِفظَها بالنَّهارِ، وعَلَى أهلِ الماشيَةِ ما أفسَدَت ماشيَتُهُم باللَّيلِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كانَت له ناقَةٌ ضاريَةٌ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَ حَديثِ أبى المُغيرَةِ، إلا أنَّه قال: عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^٢). ولَم يَقُلْه أبو المُغيرَةِ.\n\n١٧٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ أنَّه كانَت له ناقَةٌ ضاريَةٌ فأفسَدَت. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nفقَد تابَعَه أيّوبُ بنُ سوَيدٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ في قَولِه: عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ.\n\n١٧٧٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٩٠)، والشافعي في اختلاف الحديث ص ٣٠٢. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٠٣، وابن عدى في الكامل ١/ ٣٥٣، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٥ من طريق أيوب بن سويد به، وعندهم: لرجل من الأنصار. بدلًا من: للبراء بن عازب.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٠٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٧٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤٨).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٠٦) من طريق محمد بن مصعب به.","vol":"17","page":569},{"text":"وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عيسَى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عن البَراءِ، أن ناقَةً لآلِ البَراءِ أفسَدَت شَيئًا، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن حِفظَ الثِّمارِ على أهلِها بالنَّهارِ، وضَمَّنَ أهلَ الماشيَةِ ما أفسَدَت ماشيَتُهُم باللَّيلِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، وقالَ: عن حَرامٍ، عن البَراءِ أن ناقَةً لَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، عن أبيه، أن ناقَةً لِلبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ دَخَلَت حائطَ رَجُلٍ فأفسَدَت، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على أهلِ الأموالِ حِفظَها بالنَّهارِ، وعَلَى أهلِ المَواشِى حِفظَها باللَّيلِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٠٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه عقب (٢٣٣٢) عن الحسن بن على بن عفان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٦) من طريق معاوية بن هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٨٨٨).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٦٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٨٤٣٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٩٧). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٤) من طريق الزهري به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤٧).","vol":"17","page":570},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\nوخالَفَه وُهَيبٌ وأبو مَسعودٍ الزَّجّاجُ عن مَعمَرٍ فلَم يَقولا: عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وحَرامِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أن ناقَةً لِلبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ دَخَلَت حائطًا لِقَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأفسَدَت، فاختَصَموا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقَضَى أن حِفظَ الحَوائطِ على أهلِها بالنَّهارِ، وعَلَى أهلِ المَواشِى ما أفسَدَتِ المَواشِى باللَّيلِ (^٣).\nوروِّينا عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه كان يُضَمِّنُ ما أفسَدَتِ الغَنَمُ باللَّيلِ، ولا يُضَمِّنُ ما أفسَدَت بالنَّهارِ، ويَتأوَّلُ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ﴾ [الأنبياء: ٧٨]، وكانَ يقولُ: النَّفشُ (^٤) باللَّيلِ.\n\n١٧٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أزهَرُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ (^٥)، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٠٠٨)، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٤ من طرق عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٤٧٠) من طريق وهيب به. وينظر الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٩٤) عن سفيان به.\n(^٤) نفش الغنم: انتشارها. مفردات غريب القرآن للراغب الأصفهانى ص ٥٠٢.\n(^٥) في م: \"عوف\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٥/ ٣٩٤.","vol":"17","page":571},{"text":"﴿إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ﴾ قال: كان النَّفشُ باللَّيلِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: أُتِىَ شُرَيحٌ بشاةٍ أكَلَت عَجينًا فقالَ: نَهارًا أو لَيلًا؟ قالوا: نَهارًا. فأبطَلَه وقَرأ: ﴿إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ﴾. وقالَ: إنَّما النَّفشُ باللَّيلِ (^٢).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ قَتادَةَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن شُرَيحًا رُفِعَت إلَيه شاةٌ أصابَت غَزلًا، فقالَ الشَّعبِىُّ: أبصِروه فإِنَّه سَيَسألُهُم أبِلَيلٍ كان أم بنَهارٍ. فسألَهُم فقالَ: إن كان بلَيلٍ فقَد ضَمِنتُم، وإِن كان بنَهارٍ فلا ضَمانَ عَلَيكُم. قال: وقالَ: النَّفشُ باللَّيلِ، والهَمْلُ بالنَّهارِ (^٣).\nورَوَى مُرَّةُ عن مَسروقٍ: ﴿إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ﴾ قال: كان كَرْمًا فدَخَلَت فيه لَيلًا، فما تَرَكَت فيه خَضِرًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٣٦) من طريق الشعبي بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٣٤)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٩ من طريق سفيان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٣٢٥، والحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٨٠٥ من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي خالد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٣٩)، والحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٨٠٥ من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٣٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٣٦) من طريق مرة به.","vol":"17","page":572},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3738>بابٌ: جُرحُ العَجماءِ جُبارٌ إذا أُرسِلَت بالنَّهارِ أو كانَت مُنفَلِتَةً</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضَى في حَديثِ ابنِ عازِبٍ.\n\n١٧٧٤٨ - وبِما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"جُرحُ العَجماءِ جُبَارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبَارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبَارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^١). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ وأبِى سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العَجماءُ جُرحُها جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٣). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٨٥)، والشافعى في اختلاف الحديث ص ٣٠١، وتقدم في (٧٧٢٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٠) عقب (٤٥)، والبخاري (١٤٩٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٣٥٤) عن أحمد بن شيبان به. وتقدم في (٧٧٢٠، ٧٧٢١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧١٠) عقب (٤٥).","vol":"17","page":573},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3739>بابُ الدّابَّةِ تَنفَحُ (^١) برِجلِها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: يَضمَنُ قائدُها وسائقُها وراكِبُها ما أصابَت بيَدٍ أو فمٍ أو رِجلٍ أو ذَنَبٍ. واحتَجَّ في ذَلِكَ بحَديثِ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^٢).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٧٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الرِّجلُ جُبارٌ\" (^٣).\nفقَد قال الشّافِعِىُّ - ﵁ -: وأمَّا ما رُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِنَ: \"الرِّجلُ جُبارٌ\". فهو غَلَطٌ واللَّهُ أعلمُ؛ لأنَّ الحُفّاظَ لَم يَحفَظوا هَكَذا (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: هذه الزّيادَةُ يَنفَرِدُ بها سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وقَد رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ ومَعمَرٌ وعُقَيلٌ وسُفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ وغَيرُهُم عن الزُّهرِيِّ، لَم يَذكُرْ أحَدٌ مِنهُم فيه الرِّجلَ (^٥).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: قال\n_________\n(^١) نفحت الدابة: رمحت برجلها ورمت بحد حافرها ودفعت. تاج العروس ٧/ ١٩٣ (ن ف ح).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ١٥٠. وليس فيه الاحتجاج بحديث البراء\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٨) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. وأبو داود (٤٥٩٢) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٩٩٧).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ١٥٠.\n(^٥) تقدم قريبًا من طريق مالك وسفيان، وتقدم في (١٦٤٧٦) من طريق الليث به. وأخرجه أحمد =","vol":"17","page":574},{"text":"أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ: لَم يُتابِعْ سُفيانَ بنَ حُسَينٍ على قَولِه: \"الرِّجلُ جُبارٌ\". أحَدٌ، وهو وهْمٌ؛ لأنَّ الثِّقاتِ خالَفوه ولَم يَذكُروا ذَلِكَ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الأُشْنَانِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ فقالَ: ثِقَةٌ، وهو ضَعيفُ الحَديثِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٧٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"الدّابَّةُ جُرحُها جُبارٌ، والرِّجلُ جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُس\" (^٣).\nفقَد قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ: كَذا قال، وهو وهْمٌ ولَم يُتابِعْه عَلَيه أحَدٌ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n= (٧٤٥٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣٢٦) من طريق ابن جريج به. والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥١ من طريق عقيل به. وسيأتي في (١٧٧٥٤).\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٢٩٦) عن أبي عبد الرحمن وحده، والدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٢.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدارمي (١٩).\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٤، ٢١٣.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٢١٣.","vol":"17","page":575},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رَوَى هذا الحديثَ عن شُعبَةَ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ غُندَرٌ - وهو الحَكَمُ في حَديثِ شُعبَةَ - ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ ومُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وأبو عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ وغَيرُهُم دونَ هذه الزّيادَةِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الرَّبيعُ بنُ مسلمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ دونَ هذه الزّيادَةِ (^٢).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٧٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ السَّيَّارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الباشانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَرْوانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أحمدَ الزَّيّاتُ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"المَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، والسّائمَةُ جُبارٌ، والرِّجلُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الأعمَشِ: \"العَجماءُ جُبارٌ، [والبِئرُ جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، والرِّجلُ جُبارٌ] (^٣)، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^٤). فهَذا مُرسَلٌ لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٨٨٢)، ومسلم (١٧١٠) عقب (٤٦) من طريق غندر به. والبخاري (٦٩١٣) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم في (١٦٤٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه مسلم (١٧١٠) عقب (٤٦) من طريق الربيع به.\n(^٣) في س: \"والرجل جبار والمعدن جبار والبئر جبار\"، وفى ص ٨: \"والمعدن جبار والبئر جبار والرجل جبار\".\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٩، ومن طريقه الخطيب في المدرج ٢/ ٧٨٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٧٨٧٣) -=","vol":"17","page":576},{"text":"ورَواه قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ: عن (^١) عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ. فيهِ (^٢). وقَيسٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٥٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ التَّمّارُ، حدثنا أبو جَزِىٍّ نَصرُ بنُ طَريفٍ، عن السَّرِىِّ بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن نُعمانَ بنِ بَشيرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أوقَفَ دابَّةً في سَبيلٍ مِن سُبُلِ المُسلِمينَ أو في أسواقِهِم، فأوطَت بيَدٍ أو رِجلٍ فهو ضامِنٌ\" (^٤). أبو جَزِىٍّ والسَّرِىُّ بنُ إسماعيلَ ضعيفانَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3740>بابُ عِلَّةِ الحَديثِ الَّذِى رُوِىَ فيه: \"النّارُ جُبارٌ</span>\"\n\n١٧٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ،\n_________\n= ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٧٨١٦) - من طريق سفيان به. والحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤١٦ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) ليس في: ص ٨.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"قال\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٩ من طريق قيس بن الربيع به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١١٨٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٧٩ من طريق أبى نصر التمار به.\n(^٥) أما أبو جزى فهو نصر بن طريف القصاب الباهلى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٠٥، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٤٦٦، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ١٥٩، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٦٩٦. وتقدم الكلام على السرى بن إسماعيل عقب (٥٢٧٧).","vol":"17","page":577},{"text":"عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العَجماءُ جُرحُها جُبارٌ، والمَعدِنُ جُبارٌ، والنّارُ جُبارٌ، وفِي الرِّكازِ الخُمُسُ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بهَذا الحَديثِ مُختَصَرًا في النّارِ. قال الرَّمادِىُّ: قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: قال مَعمَرٌ: لا أُراه إلا وَهْمًا (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ في حَديثِ أبي هريرةَ: حَديثُ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ يُحَدِّثُ به: \"النّارُ جُبارٌ\". لَيسَ بشَئٍ؛ لَم يَكُنْ في الكُتُبِ، باطِلٌ لَيسَ بصَحيحٍ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ: أهلُ اليَمَنِ يَكتُبونَ النّارَ النّيرَ، ويَكتُبونَ البيرَ - يَعنِى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ - فهو تَصحيفٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٩٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٧٨٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٧٦) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٣ من طريق حنبل بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ١٥٣، وعنده: وإنما لقن عبد الرزاق: النار جبار. بدلًا من: فهو تصحيف.","vol":"17","page":578},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3741>بابُ أخذِ الوَلِىِّ بالوَلِىِّ</span>\n\n١٧٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إيادِ بنِ لَقيطٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إيادُ بنُ لَقيطٍ، عن أبي رِمثَةَ قال: انطَلَقتُ مَعَ أبى نَحوَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه أبى، وجَلَسْنا ساعَةً فتَحَدَّثْنا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأبِى: \"ابنُكَ هَذا؟ \". قال: إى ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ. قال: \"حَقًّا؟ \". قال: أشهَدُ بهِ. قالَ: فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ضاحِكًا مِن ثَبَتِ شَبَهِى بأبِى، ومِن حَلِفِ أبى على ذَلِكَ. قال: ثُمَّ قال: \"أما إنَّ ابنَكَ هذا لا يَجنِى عَلَيكَ ولا تَجنِى عَلَيه\". قال: وقَرأ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿هَذَا نَذِيرٌ مِنَ النُّذُرِ الْأُولَى﴾ (^١) [النجم: ٣٨ - ٥٦].\n\n١٧٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ زَهدَمٍ الحَنظَلِىِّ قال: قَدِمْنا على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَفَرٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ، فانتَهَينا إلَيه وهو يقولُ: \"يَدُ المُعطِى العُليا، ابدأْ بمَن تَعولُ، أُمَّكَ وأباكَ وأُختَكَ وأخاكَ، ثُمَّ أدناكَ أدناكَ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلاءِ بَنو ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَربوعَ الَّذينَ أصابوا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥١٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٢٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٩٥) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسي به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٩٦).","vol":"17","page":579},{"text":"فُلانًا في الجاهِليَّةِ. فهَتَفَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"ألا إنَّها لا تَجنِى نَفسٌ على أُخرَى\" (^١).\n\n١٧٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ يُؤخَذُ بذَنبِ غَيرِه حَتَّى جاءَ إبراهيمُ ﵇، فقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى (٣٧) أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [النجم: ٣٧، ٣٨]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: والَّذِى سَمِعتُ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ ألَّا يُؤخَذَ أحَدٌ بذَنبِ غَيرِه؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جَزَى العِبادَ على أعمالِ أنفُسِهِم (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ أموالُهم لا يَجنِى أحَدٌ على أحَدٍ في مالٍ إلا حَيثُ خَصَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بأنَّ جِنايَةَ الخَطإِ مِنَ الحُرِّ مِنَ الآدَميِّينَ على عاقِلَتِهِ (^٣).\n\nتم بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ السابعَ عشرَ\nويتلوه الجزءُ الثامنَ عشرَ\nوأوله: كتابُ السِّيرِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٨٦. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨٤٨، ٤٨٤٩) من طريق سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٥٩٩٨).\n(^٢) بعده فى ص ٨: \"وعاقبهم عليها\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥١١)، والمعرفة (٥٢٩٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٩٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٢٥١ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"17","page":580},{"text":"بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3742>كتابُ السِّيَرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3743>بابُ مُبتَدإِ الخَلقِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ مُحرِزٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: إنِّي لَجالِسٌ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَه قَومٌ مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ فقالَ: \"اقبَلوا البُشرَى يا بَنِى تَميمٍ\". قالوا: قَد بَشَّرتَنا فأَعطِنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: فدَخَل عَلَيه أُناسٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"اقبَلوا البُشرَى يا أهلَ اليَمَنِ إذ لَم يَقبَلْها بَنو تَميمٍ\". قالوا: قَد قَبِلنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، جِئنا لِنَتَفَقَّهَ في الدّينِ ونَسأَلَكَ عن أوَّلِ هذا الأمرِ ما كان. قال: \"كان اللَّهُ ﷿ ولَم يَكُنْ شَئٌ قَبلَه، وكانَ عَرشُه على الماءِ، ثُمَّ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ والأرضَ، وكَتَبَ في الذِّكرِ كُلَّ شَئٍ\". قال: وأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ راحِلَتَكَ، أدرِكْ ناقَتَكَ، فقَد ذَهَبَت. فانطَلَقتُ في طَلَبِها، فإِذا السَّرابُ يَنقَطِعُ دونَها، وايمُ اللَّهِ لَوَدِدتُ أنَّها ذَهَبَت وأَنِّى لَم أقُمْ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أخرج ابن حبان (٦١٤٢) من طريق شيبان به. وأحمد (١٩٨٧٦) من طريق الأعمش به. والترمذي (٣٩٥١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٤٠) من طريق جامع بن شداد به مختصرًا.","vol":"18","page":5},{"text":"١٧٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، حدثنا جامِعُ بنُ شَدّادٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ مُحرِزٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن عِمرانَ بنِ الحُصَينِ قال: دَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: قالوا: جِئناكَ نَسأَلُكَ عن هذا الأمرِ. قال: \"كان اللَّهُ ولَم يَكُنْ شَئٌ غَيرُه، وعَرشُه على الماءِ، وكَتَبَ في الذِّكرِ كُلَّ شَئٍ، وخَلَقَ السَّماواتِ والأرضَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ (^٢).\nوالمُرادُ به واللَّهُ أعلمُ: ثُمَّ خَلَقَ الماءَ، وخَلَقَ العَرشَ على الماءِ، وخَلَقَ القَلَمَ وأَمَرَه، فكَتَبَ في الذِّكرِ كُلَّ شَئٍ.\n\n١٧٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِم زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، أخبرَنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إنَّ أوَّلَ ما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِن شَئٍ القَلَمُ، فقالَ: اكتُب. قال: يا رَبِّ وما أكتُبُ؟ فقال: اكتُبِ القَدَرَ. قال: فجَرَى بما هو كائنٌ مِن ذَلِكَ اليَومِ إلَى قيامِ السّاعَةِ. قال: ثُمَّ خَلَقَ النُّونَ، فدَحا الأرضَ عَلَيها، فارتَفَعَ بُخارُ الماءِ، ففَتَقَ مِنه السَّماواتِ، واضطَرَبَ النُّونُ فمادَتِ الأرضُ، فأُثبِتَت بالجِبالِ، وإِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القضاء والقدر ١/ ١١١، والاعتقاد ص ٩٢.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٩١).","vol":"18","page":6},{"text":"الجِبالَ لَتَفخَرُ على الأرضِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جُميلٍ (^٢) المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن رَباحِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبي بَزَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه كان يُحَدِّثُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ شَئٍ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه القَلَمُ، وأَمَرَه فكَتَبَ كُلَّ شَئٍ يَكونُ\" (^٣).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا في حَديثِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على يَحيَى بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبْرِقانِ وأَنا أسمَعُ: أخبرَنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ الأعوَرُ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِى فقال: \"خَلَقَ اللَّهُ التُّربَةَ يَومَ السَّبتِ، وخَلَقَ فيها الجِبالَ يَومَ الأحَدِ، وخَلَقَ الشَّجَرَ يَومَ الاثنَينِ، وخَلَقَ المَكروهَ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ، وخَلَقَ النّورَ يَومَ الأربِعاءِ، وبَثَّ فيها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ١٤١ من طريق وكيع به. والحاكم ٢/ ٤٩٨ وصححه من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) كذا ضبط في الأصل.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى في مسنده (٢٣٢٩)، والطبراني بنحوه (١٢٥٠٠) من طريق أحمد بن جميل به.\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٢٠٩١٤).","vol":"18","page":7},{"text":"الدَّوابَّ يَومَ الخَميسِ، وخَلَقَ آدَمَ بَعدَ العَصرِ مِن يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، [آخِرَ الخَلقِ] (^١) في آخِرِ ساعَةٍ مِن ساعاتِ الجُمُعَةِ، فيما بَينَ العَصرِ إلَى اللَّيلِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُرَيجِ بنِ يونُسَ وهارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ الطُّوسِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أظُنُّه عن أخيه عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، قال أبو هريرةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ في الجُمُعَةِ لَساعَةً لا يَسأَلُ اللَّهَ فيها عبدٌ شَيئًا إلا أعطاه إيّاه\". قال: وقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلامٍ: إنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى بَدأ الخَلقَ فخَلَقَ الأرضَ يَومَ الأحَدِ ويَومَ الاثنَينِ، وخَلَقَ السَّماواتِ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ ويَومَ الأربِعاءِ، وخَلَقَ الأقواتَ وما في الأرضِ مِن شَئٍ يَومَ الخَميسِ ويَومَ الجُمُعَةِ، فرَغَ مِن ذَلِكَ عِندَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ، فتِلكَ السّاعَةُ ما بَينَ العَصرِ إلَى غُروبِ الشَّمسِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في القضاء والقدر ١/ ١٧١. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٤١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠١٠)، وابن خزيمة (١٧٣١)، وابن حبان (٦١٦١) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٨٩/ ٢٧).\n(^٤) الإسماعيلى في معجمه (٢٢١). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٧٨٨) من طريق وهب بن بقية به دون قول عبد الله بن سلام. وابن منده في التوحيد (٥٩) ١/ ١٨٣ من طريق خالد به.","vol":"18","page":8},{"text":"مَعمَرٌ (^١)، أخبرَنِى عَوفٌ، عن قَسامَةَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ مِن أديمِ الأرضِ كُلِّها، فخَرَجَت ذُرّيَّتُه على حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ؛ مِنهُمُ الأبيَضُ والأسوَدُ والأسمَرُ والأحمَرُ، ومِنهُم بَينَ ذَلِكَ، ومِنهُمُ السَّهلُ والخَبيثُ (^٢) والطَّيِّبُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ وأبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن عَوفٍ الأعرابِىِّ، عن قَسامَةَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \" [خلقَ اللهُ] (^٤) آدَمَ مِن قَبضَةٍ قَبَضَها مِن جَميعِ الأرضِ، فجاءَ بَنو آدَمَ على قَدرِ الأرضِ؛ مِنهُمُ الأحمَرُ والأسوَدُ، والسَّهلُ والحَزْنُ، وبَينَ ذَلِكَ، والخَبيثُ والطَّيِّبُ\" (^٥).\n\n١٧٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى وأبو الأزهَرِ وحَمدانُ السُّلَمِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"معتمر\".\n(^٢) في م: \"الحزن\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٦١، ٢٦٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٨٢)، وأبو داود (٤٦٩٣)، والترمذي (٢٩٥٥)، وابن حبان (٦١٦٠) من طريق عوف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٩٢٦).\n(^٤) في م \"خلق\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطابى في العزلة ص ١٥٥، والمصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٨١٥) من طريق سعدان بن نصر به.","vol":"18","page":9},{"text":"قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"خُلِقَتِ المَلائكَةُ مِن نورٍ، وخُلِقَ الجانُّ مِن مارِجٍ مِن نارٍ، وخُلِقَ آدَمُ مِمّا وُصِفَ لَكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ﴾ [الذاريات: ٥٦] قال الشّافِعِىُّ: خَلَقَ اللهُ الخلقَ لِعِبادَتِه (^٣).\nيَعنِى مَن (^٤) شاءَ مِن عِبادِه، أو ليأمُرَ مَن شاءَ مِنهُم بعِبادَتِه ﴿وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ [يونس: ٢٥].\n\n١٧٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى رَبيعَةُ بنُ يَزيدَ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى عمرٍو السَّيبانِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ فيروزَ الدَّيلَمِىُّ قال: دَخَلتُ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ خَلقَه في ظُلمَةٍ، ثُمَّ ألقَى عَلَيهِم مِن نورِه، فمَن أصابَه مِن ذَلِكَ النّورِ يَومَئذٍ شَئٌ اهتَدَى، ومَن أخطأه ضَلَّ، فلِذَلِكَ أقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٨١٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٩٠٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥١٩٤)، وابن حبان (٦١٥٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٩٦/ ٦٠).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٤) في م: \"ما\".","vol":"18","page":10},{"text":"جَفَّ القَلَمُ على (^١) عِلمِ اللَّهِ\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ثُمَّ أبانَ جلَّ ثناؤُه أن خِيرَتَه مِن خَلقِه أنبياؤُه فقالَ: ﴿كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٣] فجَعَلَ نَبيَّنا (^٣) - ﷺ - مِن أصفيائه دونَ عِبادِه، بالأمانَةِ على وحيِه، والقيامِ بحُجَّتِه فيهِم (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٧٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ إدريسَ السّامَرِّىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ العَبدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ السَّعيدِىُّ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: دَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو في المَسجِدِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، كَمِ النَّبيّونَ؟ قال: \"مِائَةُ ألفِ نَبِىٍّ وأَربَعَةٌ وعِشرونَ ألفِ نَبِىٍّ\". قُلتُ: كَمِ المُرسَلونَ مِنهُم؟ قال: \"ثَلاثُمِائَةٍ وثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ\" (^٥). تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ السَّعيدِىُّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) المصنف في القضاء والقدر ص ١٣٦، والأسماء والصفات (٢٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٤٤) مطولًا، وابن حبان (٦١٦٩) من طريق الأوزاعي به. والترمذى (٢٦٤٢) من طريق السيبانى به. وقال: حسن.\n(^٣) في الأم: \"النبيين\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٩٧ مطولًا. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٧٧، ٢٧٨، والشجرى في أماليه ١/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به مطولًا.\n(^٦) يحيى بن سعيد - وقيل: ابن سعد - السعيدى البصري. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٧٧، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٢٣، والكامل ٧/ ٢٦٩٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٧٧، ٣٧٨، =","vol":"18","page":11},{"text":"١٧٧٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما مِنَ الأنبياءِ مِن نَبِىٍّ إلَّا وقَد أُعطِىَ مِنَ الآياتِ ما مِثلُه آمَنَ عَلَيه البَشَرُ، وإِنَّما كان الَّذِى أوتيتُ وحيًا أوحاه اللَّهُ إلَىَّ، فأَرجو أن أكونَ أكثَرَهُم تابِعًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِن خاصَّتهِ صفوَتَه فقالَ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٣]. وساقَ الشّافِعِىُّ الكَلامَ عَلَيه إلَى أن قال: ثُمَّ اصطَفَى محمدًا - ﷺ - مِن خَيرِ آلِ إبراهيمَ، وأَنزَلَ كُتُبَه قبلَ إنزالِه الفُرقانَ على محمدٍ - ﷺ -[بصِفَةِ فضيلَتِه] (^٣) وفَضيلَةِ مَن تَبِعَه فقالَ: ﴿مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ تَرَاهُمْ رُكَّعًا سُجَّدًا يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَمَثَلُهُمْ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ﴾ الآيَةَ (^٤) [الفتح: ٢٩].\n_________\n= ولسان الميزان ٦/ ٢٥٧. وقال الذهبي في المهذب ٧/ ٣٥٠١: أنا أتهمه به، وقد تكلم فيه ابن حبان وغيره.\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٧٩٧٧) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٨٤٩١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٩٨١)، ومسلم (١٥٢/ ٢٣٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"بصفته\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.","vol":"18","page":12},{"text":"١٧٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ قالا: حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَمّارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ فرّوخَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنا سَيَّدُ بَنِى آدَمَ يَومَ القيامَةِ، وأَوَّلُ مَن تَنشَقُّ عنه الأرضُ، وأَوَّلُ شافِعٍ، وأَوَّلُ مُشَفَّعٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مالكٍ المُزَنِىُّ، عن المُختارِ بنِ فُلفُلٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أنا أوَّلُ شَفيعٍ يَومَ القيامَةِ، وأَنا أكثَرُ الأنبياءِ تَبَعًا يَومَ القيامَةِ، إنَّ مِنَ الأنبياءِ لَمَن يأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ ما مَعَه مُصَدِّقٌ غَيرُ واحِدٍ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن المُختارِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٦٧٣) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٧٨/ ٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٧٩، والاعتقاد ص ٢٤٧، وجزء ابن عرفة (١١). وأخرجه ابن منده في الإيمان (٨٨٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد به. والبزار (٧٤٨٨) عن الحسن بن عرفة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٦/ ٣٣٠ - ٣٣٢).","vol":"18","page":13},{"text":"هُشَيمٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا سَيّارٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ الفَقيرُ، أخبرَنا جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُعطيتُ خَمسًا لَم يُعطَهُنَّ أحَدٌ قَبلِى؛ نُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ مَسيرَةَ شَهرٍ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغَنائمُ ولَم تَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ قَبلى، وجُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ مَسجِدًا وطَهورًا، فأَيُّما رَجُلٍ مِن أُمَّتِى أدرَكَته الصَّلاةُ فليُصَلِّ، وأُعطيتُ الشَّفاعَةَ، وكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ يُبعَثُ إلَى قَومِه خاصَّةً وبُعِثتُ إلَى النّاسِ عامَّةً\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى الرَّبيعِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن خَيثَمَةَ قال: قرأَ رَجُلٌ على عبدِ اللَّهِ سورَةَ الفَتحِ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ: ﴿كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ فَاسْتَغْلَظَ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى سُوقِهِ يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩]. قال: ليَغيظَ اللَّهُ بالنَّبِيِّ وبِأَصحابِه الكُفّارَ، ثُمَّ قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: أنتُمُ الزَّرعُ وقَد دَنا حَصادُه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقالَ لأُمَّتِه: ﴿كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ﴾ الآية [آل عمران: ١١٠].\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٣١، ٣٨٥٠، ٤٣٢١).\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٢١/ ٣)، والبخاري (٤٣٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٦١ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٢٩، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٨٥١٣) من طريق الأعمش به. وعند ابن أبي شيبة: الأعمش عن طلحة عن خيثمة.","vol":"18","page":14},{"text":"ففَضَّلَهُم بكَينونَتِهِم مِن أُمَّتِه دونَ أُمَمِ الأنبياءِ قَبلَه (^١).\n\n١٧٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا بَهْزُ بنُ حَكيمِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ القُشَيرِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّكُم تُوفُونَ سبعينَ أُمَّةً، أنتُم خَيرُها وأَكرَمُها على اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ثُمَّ أخبَرَ جلَّ ثناؤُه أنَّه جَعَلَه فاتِحَ رَحمَتِه عِندَ فترَةِ رُسُلِه، فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ﴾ [المائدة: ١٩]. وقالَ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ﴾ [الجمعة: ٢]. وكانَ في ذَلِكَ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه بَعَثَه إلَى خَلقِه؛ لأنَّهُم كانوا أهلَ الكِتابِ وأُمّيّينَ، وأنَّه فتَحَ به رَحمَتَه وخَتَمَ به نُبوَّتَه فقالَ: ﴿مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ﴾ (^٣) [الأحزاب: ٤٠].\n\n١٧٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٢٩)، والترمذي (٣٠٠١)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٨٧) من طريق بهز به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.","vol":"18","page":15},{"text":"أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"فُضِّلتُ على الأنبياءِ بسِتٍّ؛ أُعطيتُ جَوامِعَ الكَلامِ (^١)، ونُصِرتُ بالرُّعبِ، وأُحِلَّت لِىَ الغَنائمُ، وجُعِلَت لِىَ الأرضُ طَهورًا ومَسجِدًا، وأُرسِلتُ إلَى الخَلقِ كافَّةً، وخُتِمَ بى النَّبيّونَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِه عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سَلِيمُ بنُ حَيّانَ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ مِيناءَ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سَليمُ بنُ حَيّانَ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ مِيناءَ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَثَلِى ومَثَلُ الأنبياءِ قَبلِى كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ ابتَنَى دارًا - وقالَ يَزيدُ: بَنَى دارًا - فأَحسَنَها وأَكمَلَها إلَّا مَوضِعَ لبِنَةٍ، فجَعَلَ النّاسُ يَدخُلونَها ويَتَعَجَّبونَ مِنها ويَقولونَ: لَولا مَوضِعُ هذه اللَّبِنَةِ\". قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فأَنا مَوضِعُ تِلكَ اللَّبِنَةِ، جِئتُ فخَتَمتُ الأنبياءَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ عن سَليمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وأَبِى كُرَيبٍ عن عَفّانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي م: \"الكلم\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٤٣٢٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٢٣/ ٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٨٨) عن عفان به. والترمذي (٨٦٦٢) من طريق سليم بن حيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٥٣٤) دون ذكر آخره، ومسلم (٢٢٨٧/ ٢٣) عن أبي بكر ابن أبي شيبة وحده عن عفان به.","vol":"18","page":16},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَضَى أنْ أظهَر دينَه على الأديانِ فقالَ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ الآية [التوبة: ٣٣، والفتح: ٢٨، والصف: ٩]. قال: وقَد وصَفنا بَيانَ كَيفَ يُظهِرُه على الدّينِ كُلِّه في غَيرِ هذا المَوضِعِ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن خَبّابٍ قال: شَكَونا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُتَوَسِّدٌ بُردَةً له في ظِلِّ الكَعبَةِ فقُلنا: ألا تَدعو اللَّهَ لَنا؟ ألا تَستَنصِرُ اللَّهَ لَنا؟ قال: فجَلَسَ مُحْمارًّا وجهُه ثُمَّ قال: \"واللَّهِ إنَّ مَن كان قَبلَكُم لَيُؤخَذُ الرَّجُلُ فيُحفَرُ له الحُفرَةُ (^٢) فيوضَعُ الميشارُ (^٣) على رأسِه فيُشَقُّ باثنَينِ (^٤)، ما يَصرِفُه عن دينِه، أو يُمشَطُ بأَمشاطِ الحَديدِ ما بَينَ عَصَبِه ولَحمِه، ما يَصرِفُه عن دينِه، ولَيُتَمِّمَنَّ (^٥) اللَّهُ هذا الأمرَ، حَتَّى يَسيرَ الرَاكِبُ مِنكُم مِن صَنعاءَ إلَى حَضرَمَوتَ، لا يَخشَى إلَّا اللَّهَ أوِ الذِّئبَ على غَنَمِه، ولَكِنَّكُم تَعجَلونَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"الحفيرة\".\n(^٣) كتبت في الأصل بالياء والنون معًا.\n(^٤) في م: \"باثنتين\".\n(^٥) في م: \"وليتمن\".\n(^٦) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٥٧)، وأبو داود (٢٦٤٩) والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٩٣)، وابن حبان (٦٦٩٨) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"18","page":17},{"text":"أَخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3744>بابُ مُبتَدإِ البَعثِ والتَّنزيلِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الطّاهِرِ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن عائشةَ - ﵂ - زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أخبَرَته قالَت: كان أوَّلُ ما بُدِئَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الوَحىِ الرُّؤيا الصّالِحَةَ في النَّومِ، فكانَ لا يَرَى رُؤيا إلَّا جاءَت مِثلَ فلَقِ الصُّبحِ، ثُمَّ حُبِّبَ (^٢) إلَيه الخَلاءُ، فكانَ يَخلو بغارِ حِراءٍ (^٣) فيَتَحَنَّثُ فيه - وهو التَّعَبُّدُ - اللَّيالِىَ أولاتِ العَدَدِ قبلَ أن يَرجِعَ إلَى أهلِه، ويَتَزَوَّدُ لِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ إلَى خَديجَةَ فتُزَوِّدُه بمِثلِها، حَتَّى فجِئَه الحَقُّ وهو في غارِ حِراءٍ، فجاءَه المَلَكُ فقالَ: اقرأْ. فقالَ: \"ما أنا بقارِئٍ\". قال: \"فأَخَذَنِى فغَطَّنِى (^٤) حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّى الجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَنِى فقالَ: اقرأْ. فقُلتُ: ما أنا بقارِئٍ فأَخَذَنِى فغَطَّنِى الثّانيَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّى الجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَنِى فقالَ: اقرأْ. فقُلتُ: ما أنا بقارِئٍ فأَخَذَنِى فغَطَّنِى الثّالِثَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّى الجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَنِى فقالَ: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (١) خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ (٢) اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ (٣) الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ (٤) عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ﴾ \" [العلق: ١ - ٥].\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٦١٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٨١/ ١٢).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الله\".\n(^٣) في س: \"حرى\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حرى\". فيما يأتى من المواضع كلها.\n(^٤) الغط: حبس النفس مدة، وإمساك اليد أو الثوب على الفم والخنق. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٣.","vol":"18","page":18},{"text":"فرَجَعَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تَرجُفُ بَوادِرُه (^١) حَتَّى دَخَلَ على خَديجَةَ - ﵂ - فقالَ: \"زمِّلونِى زَمِّلونِى\". فزَمَّلوه حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عنه الرَّوعُ، ثُمَّ قال لِخَديجَةَ: \"أىْ خَديجَةُ، مالِى؟ \". وأَخبَرَها الخَبَرَ، قال: \"لَقَد خَشِيتُ على نَفسِى\". قالَت له خَديجَةُ: كَلا، أبشِرْ فواللَّهِ لا يُخزيكَ (^٢) اللَّهُ أبَدًا؛ واللَّهِ إنَّكَ لَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وتَصدُقُ الحديثَ، وتَحمِلُ الكَلَّ، وتَكسِبُ المَعدومَ، وتَقرِى الضَّيفَ، وتُعينُ على نَوائبِ الحَقِّ. فانطَلَقَت به خَديجَةُ - ﵂ - حَتَّى أتَت به ورَقَةَ بنَ نَوفَلِ بنِ أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى بنِ قُصَىٍّ - وهو ابنُ عَمِّ خَديجَةَ ابنُ أخِى أبيها، وكانَ امْرَأً تَنَصَّرَ في الجاهِليَّةِ، وكانَ يَكتُبُ الكِتابَ العَرَبِىَّ، ويَكتُبُ مِنَ الإنجيلِ بالعَرَبيَّةِ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ أن يَكتُبَ، وكانَ شَيخًا كَبيرًا قَد عَمِىَ - فقالَت له خَديجَةُ: أىْ عَمِّ، اسمَعْ مِنِ ابنِ أخيكَ. قال ورَقَةُ بنُ نَوفَلٍ: ابنَ أخِى، ماذا تَرَى؟ فأَخبَرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَبَرَ ما رأى، فقالَ له ورَقَةُ: هذا النّاموسُ الَّذِى أُنزِلَ على موسَى، يا لَيتَنِى فيها جَذَعًا (^٣)، يا لَيتَنِى أكونُ حَيًّا حينَ يُخرِجُكَ قَومُكَ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوَمُخرِجِىَّ هُم؟ \". قال ورَقَةُ: نَعَم، لَم يأتِ رَجُلٌ قَطُّ بما جِئتَ به إلَّا عُودِىَ، وإِن يُدرِكْنِى يَومُكَ أنصُرْكَ نَصرًا مُؤَزَّرًا (^٤). رَواه مُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن\n_________\n(^١) البوادر: جمع بادرة، وهى اللحمة بين المنكب والعنق. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٠.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"يحزنك\".\n(^٣) الجذع: الصغير من البهائم، كأنه تمنى أن يكون عد ظهور الإسلام شابًّا. فتح الباري ١/ ٢٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٠٢) من طريق يونس به. والترمذي (٣٦٣٢)، وابن حبان (٣٣) من طرق عن الزهري به.","vol":"18","page":19},{"text":"وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^١).\n\n١٧٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"فتَرَ الوَحىُ عَنِّى، فبَينَما أنا أمشِى سمِعتُ صَوتًا مِنَ السَّماءِ، فرَفَعتُ بَصَرِى قِبَلَ السَّماءِ، فإِذا المَلَكُ الَّذِى جاءَنِى بحِراءٍ قاعِدٌ على كُرسِيٍّ بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ، فجُثِثتُ (^٢) مِنه فرَقًا حَتَّى هَوَيتُ إلَى الأرضِ، فجِئتُ أهلِى فقُلتُ لَهُم: زَمِّلونِى زَمِّلونِى. فزَمَّلونِى، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ (١) قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ (٢) وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ (٣) وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ (٤) وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ﴾ [المدثر: ١ - ٥]. قال أبو سلمةَ: والرُّجزُ الأوثانُ. قال: \"ثُمَّ حَمِىَ الوَحىُ (^٣) بَعدُ وتَتابَعَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ عَقيلٍ هو الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٠/ ٢٥٢)، والبخاري (٤٩٥٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"فخشيت\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"فجُيِثْت\". وجثثت: رعبت. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٧١.\n(^٣) حمى الوحى: قوى واشتد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠١.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٤٦٥).","vol":"18","page":20},{"text":"أخبرَنِى عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ثُمَّ فتَرَ الوَحىُ عَنِّى فترَةً\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِىِّ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إنَّ أوَّلَ ما نَزَلَ مِنَ القُرآنِ ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ﴾ (^٣) [العلق: ١].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3745>بابُ مُبتَدإِ الفَرضِ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ على النّاسِ، وما لَقِىَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - مِن أذَى قَومِه في تَبليغِ الرِّسالَةِ على وجهِ الاختِصارِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ [ورَهطَكَ مِنهُمُ المُخلَصينَ] (^٤)، خَرَجَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ١٥٦، ١٥٧.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤)، ومسلم (١٦١/ ٢٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ١٥٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٤/ ٥٣٠ عن عبد الرحمن بن بشر به.\n(^٤) هذه قراءة للآية ٢١٤ من سورة الشعراء قرأ بها عمرو بن مرة وابن عباس. ينظر الدر المنثور ١١/ ٣١٢، ١٥/ ٧٣٢. ظاهر هذه العبارة أنه كان قرآنا أنزل ثم نسخت تلاوته. وقيل: إنها قراءة شاذة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٣/ ٨٢، والفتح ٨/ ٥٠٢.","vol":"18","page":21},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى صَعِدَ على الصَّفا فهَتَفَ: \"واصَباحاه\". فقالوا: مَن هذا الَّذِى يَهتِفُ؟ قالوا: محمدٌ. قال: فاجتَمَوا إلَيه فقالَ: \"يما بَنِى فُلانٍ، يا بَنِى فُلانٍ، يا بَنِى عبدِ مَنافٍ، يا بَنِى عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، أرأيتَكُم لَو أخبَرتُكُم أن خَيلًا تَخرُجُ بسَفحِ هذا الجَبَلِ، أكُنتُم مُصَدَّقِىَّ؟ \". قالوا: ما جَرَّبنا عَلَيكَ كَذِبًا. قال: \"فإِنِّى نَذيرٌ لَكُم بَينَ يَدَىْ عَذابٍ شَديدٍ\". قال: فقالَ أبو لَهَبٍ: تَبًّا لَكَ، ما جَمَعتَنا إلَّا لِهَذا؟! ثُمَّ قامَ، فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: (تَبَّت يَدا أبى لَهَبٍ وقَد تَبَّ) (^١) كَذا قرأَ الأعمَشُ إلَى آخِرِ السّورَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن أبي أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (٢١٤) وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ (^٤) مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢١٤، ٢١٥] قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَرَفتُ أنِّى إن بادأتُ بها قَومِى رأيتُ\n_________\n(^١) هي قراءة عبد الله بن مسعود. ينظر البحر المحيط ٨/ ٥٢٦. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ٨/ ٥٠٣: وليست هذه القراءة فيما نقل الفراء عن الأعمش، والذي يظهر أنه قرأها حاكيًا لا قارئًا. اهـ. وقد نقل هذه القراءة الفراء في معاني القرآن ٣/ ٢٩٨ عن عبد الله بن مسعود.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٢٦٢)، وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (٥٠٩) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وتقدم في (١٣٢٣٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٩٧١)، ومسلم (٢٠٨/ ٣٥٥).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"تبعك\".","vol":"18","page":22},{"text":"مِنهُم ما أكرَهُ، فصَمَتُّ عَلَيها، فجاءَنِى جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنَّكَ إن لَم تَفعَلْ ما أمَرَكَ به رَبُّكَ عَذَّبَكَ رَبُّكَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً في جَمعِهِم وإِنذارِه إيّاهُم (^١).\n\n١٧٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ (^٢) المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عِبَادٍ الدُّؤَلِىِّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بذِى المَجازِ يَتبَعُ النّاسَ في مَنازِلِهِم يَدعوهُم إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، ووَراءَه رَجُلٌ وهو يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، لا يَغُرَّنَّكُم عن دينِكُم ودينِ آبائكُم. قُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: عَمُّه أبو لَهَبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وإِسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ١٧٩، وسيرة ابن إسحاق (١٨٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ٦٦١ - ٦٦٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق عن عبد الغفار بن القاسم عن المنهال بن عمرو عن عبد الله بن الحارث به مطولًا.\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ، وهو على بن أحمد بن عمر، تقدمت ترجمته (٥٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الله في زوائد المسند (١٦٠٢١)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٩٦١)، والطبراني (٤٥٨٤، ٤٥٨٥) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"18","page":23},{"text":"سألتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قُلتُ: حَدِّثْنِى بأَشَدِّ شَئٍ صَنَعَه المُشرِكونَ برسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال: أقبَلَ عُقبَةُ بنُ أبى مُعَيطٍ ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّى عِندَ الكَعبَةِ، فلَوَى ثَوبَه في عُنُقِه فخَنَقَه خَنْقًا شَديدًا، فأَقبَلَ أبو بكرٍ فأَخَذَ بمَنكِبَيهِ فدَفَعَه عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ﴿أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ وَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ (^١) [غافر: ٢٨]. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: بَينَما رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قائمٌ يُصَلِّى عِندَ الكَعبَةِ وجَمعُ (^٣) قُرَيشٍ في مَجالِسِهِم يَنظُرونَ، إذ قال قائلٌ مِنهُم: ألا تَنظُرونَ إلَى هذا المُرائى؟ أيُّكُم يَقومُ إلَى جَزورِ آلِ (^٤) فُلانٍ، فيَعمِدُ إلَى فَرْثِها ودَمِها وسَلاها (^٥) فيَجِئُ به، ثُمَّ يُمهِلُه حَتَّى إذا سَجَدَ وضعَه بَينَ كَتِفَيه؟ فانبَعَثَ أشقاها فجاءَ به، فلَمّا سَجَدَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وضعَه بَينَ كَتِفَيه، وثَبَتَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ساجِدًا، وضَحِكوا حَتَّى مالَ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٢٧٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٠٨) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٧٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"جميع\".\n(^٤) في م: \"أبى\".\n(^٥) السَّلى: لفافة الولد من الدواب. تهذيب اللغة ١٣/ ٤٩.","vol":"18","page":24},{"text":"الضَّحِكِ، فانطلَقَ مُنطَلِقٌ إلَى فاطِمَةَ - ﵂ - وهِىَ جُوَيريَةٌ، فأَقبَلَت تَسعَى حَتَّى ألقَته عنه، وأَقبَلَت عَلَيهِم تَسُبُّهُم، فلَمّا قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الصَّلاةَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيكَ بقُرَيشٍ\". ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ سَمَّى: \"اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيكَ بعَمرِو بنِ هِشامٍ، وبِعُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، [وشَيبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ] (^١)، والوَليدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، وأُمَيَّةَ بنِ خَلَفٍ، وعُقبَةَ بنِ أبي مُعَيطٍ، وعُمارَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ\". قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: واللَّهِ لَقَد رأيتُهُم صرعَى يَومَ بَدرٍ يُسحَبونَ إلَى قَليبِ بَدرٍ. ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأُتبِعَ أصحابُ القَليبِ لَعنَةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه هو ومُسلِمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٧٨٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ الجُرَيرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُحرَسُ حَتَّى نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٨٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢٣) من طريق إسرائيل به. والنسائي (٣٠٦)، وابن خزيمة (٧٨٥)، وابن حبان (٦٥٧٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٢٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٤٠، ٢٩٣٤)، ومسلم (١٧٩٤/ ١٠٧ - ١٠٩).","vol":"18","page":25},{"text":"يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ﴾ [المائدة: ٦٧]. فأَخرَجَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - رأسَه مِنَ القُبَّةِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ انصَرِفوا، فقَد عَصمَنِى اللَّهُ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ الهِلالِيِّ: فقالَ لَهُم: \"أيُّها النّاسُ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: يَعصِمُكَ مِن قَتلِهِم أن يَقتُلوكَ حَتَّى تُبَلِّغَ (^٢) ما أُنزِلَ إلَيكَ. فبَلَّغَ ما أُمِرَ به، فاستَهزأ به قَومٌ، فنَزَلَ عَلَيه ﴿فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (٩٤) إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ﴾ (^٣) [الحجر: ٩٤، ٩٥].\n\n١٧٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَزينٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ إياسٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ﴾ قال: المُستَهزِئونَ الوَليدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، والأسوَدُ بنُ عبدِ يَغوثَ الزُّهرِىُّ، والأسوَدُ بنُ المُطَّلِبِ أبو (^٤) زَمعَةَ مِن بَنِى أسَدِ بنِ عبدِ العُزَّى، والحارِثُ بنُ عَيطَلٍ السَّهمِىُّ، والعاصُ بنُ وائلٍ، فأَتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ [شَكاهُم إلَيه] (^٥) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَراه الوَليدَ أبا عمرِو ابنَ المُغيرَةِ فأَومأَ جِبريلُ إلَى أبجَلِه (^٦)، فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٦١٥) عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. والترمذي (٣٠٤٦) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب.\n(^٢) في م: \"تبلغهم\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٠.\n(^٤) في م: \"وأبو\". وينظر الاستيعاب ٣/ ٩١٠.\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \"فشكاهم إليه\"، وفي م: \"شكاهم إلى\".\n(^٦) الأبجل: عرق في باطن الذراع وقيل: هو عرق غليظ في الرجل فيما بين العصب واللحم. النهاية =","vol":"18","page":26},{"text":"كُفيتَه. ثُمَّ أراه الأسوَدَ بنَ المُطَّلِبِ، فأَومأَ جِبريلُ إلَى عَينَيه، فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: كُفيتَه. [ثُمَّ أراه الأسوَدَ بنَ عبدِ يَغوثَ الزُّهرِىَّ، فأَومأَ إلَى رأسِه، فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: كُفيتَه. ثُمَّ أراه الحارِثَ بنَ عَيطَلٍ السَّهمِىَّ، فأَوَمأ إلَى رأسِه، فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \" قال: كُفيتَه] (^١). ومَرَّ به العاصُ بنُ وائلٍ فأَومأ إلَى أخمَصِه، فقالَ: \"ما صَنَعتَ؟ \". قال: كُفيتَه. فأَمّا الوَليدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ فمَرَّ برَجُلٍ مِن خُزاعَةَ وهو يَريشُ (^٢) نَبلًا له، فأَصابَ أبجَلَه فقَطَعَها، وأَمّا الأسوَدُ بنُ المُطَّلِبِ فعَمِىَ، فمِنهُم مَن يقولُ: عَمِىَ هَكَذا. ومِنهُم مَن يقولُ: نَزَلَ تَحتَ سَمُرَةٍ فجَعَلَ يقولُ: يا بَنِىَّ ألا تَدفَعونَ عَنِّى؟ قَد قُتِلتُ. فجَعَلوا يَقولونَ: ما نَرَى شَيئًا. [وجَعَلَ يقولُ: يا بَنِىَّ ألا تَمنَعونَ عَنِّى؟ قَد هَلَكتُ، ها هو ذا أُطعَنُ بالشَّوكِ في عَينِى. فجَعَلوا يَقولونَ: ما نَرَى شَيئًا] (^٣). فلَم يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى عَمِيَت عَيناه، وأَمّا الأسوَدُ بنُ عبدِ يَغوثَ الزُّهرِىُّ فخَرَجَ في رأسِه قُروحٌ فماتَ مِنها، وأَمّا الحارِثُ بنُ عَيطَلٍ فأَخَذَه الماءُ الأصفَرُ في بَطنِه حَتَّى خَرَجَ خُرؤُه مِن فيه، فماتَ مِنها، وأَمّا العاصُ بنُ وائلٍ فبَينَما هو كَذَلِكَ يَومًا إذَ دَخَلَ في رأسِه شِبرِقَةٌ (^٤) حَتَّى امتَلأت مِنها\n_________\n= ١/ ٢٤٠، وتاج العروس ٢٨/ ٥٧ (ب ج ل).\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) راش السهم يريشه: ألزق عليه الريش وركبه عليه. التاج ١٧/ ٢٣٠ (ر ى ش).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) الشبرق: نبت حجازى ورقه كأظفار الهر له شوك. المحكم ٦/ ٦٠٤، والنهاية ٢/ ٤٤٠.","vol":"18","page":27},{"text":"فماتَ مِنها. وقالَ غَيرُه: فرَكِبَ إلَى الطّائفِ على حِمارٍ، فرَبَضَ به على شِبرِقَةٍ، فدَخَلَت في أخمَصِ قَدَمِه شَوكَةٌ فقَتَلَته (^١).\n\n١٧٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عِمرانَ أبى الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قالَت قُرَيشٌ لِلنَّبِىَّ - ﷺ -: ادعُ رَبَّكَ أن يَجعَلَ لَنا الصَّفا ذَهَبًا ونُؤمِنُ بكَ. قال: \"أتَفعَلونَ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. فدَعا، فأَتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ يَقرأُ عَلَيكَ السَّلامَ ويَقولُ: إن شِئتَ أصبَحَ الصَّفا ذَهَبًا، فمَن كَفَرَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ عَذَّبتُه عَذابًا لا أُعَذِّبُه أحَدًا مِنَ العالَمينَ، وإِن شِئتَ فتَحتُ لَهُم بابَ التَّوبَةِ والرَّحمَةِ. قال: \"بَل بابَ (^٢) التَّوبَةِ والرَّحمَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّميمِىِّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبي العاليَةِ: ﴿فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ﴾ [الأحقاف: ٣٥]. نوحٌ وهودٌ وإِبراهيمُ، أُمِرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَصبِرَ كما صَبَرَ هَؤُلاءِ، فكانوا ثَلاثَةً ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - رابِعُهُم، قال نوحٌ: ﴿إِنْ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٣١٦ - ٣١٨. وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٩٨٦) من طريق سفيان بن حسين به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٠٨: إسناده قوى.\n(^٢) في م: \"يا رب\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٥٣، ٢/ ٣١٤، ٤/ ٢٤٠ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٦) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.","vol":"18","page":28},{"text":"كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَقَامِي وَتَذْكِيرِي بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِها [يونس: ٧١]، فأَظهَرَ لَهُمُ المُفارَقَةَ، وقالَ هودٌ حينَ قالوا: ﴿إِنْ نَقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَرَاكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنَا بِسُوءٍ﴾ الآيَةَ [هود: ٥٤]، فأَظهَرَ لَهُمُ المُفارَقَةَ، وقالَ إبراهيمُ: ﴿[قَدْ كَانَتْ] (^١) لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [الممتحنة: ٤]، فأَظهَرَ لَهُمُ المُفارَقَةَ، وقالَ محمدٌ: ﴿إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ٥٦، غافر: ٦٦]. فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ الكَعبَةِ يَقرَؤُها على المُشرِكينَ، فأَظهَرَ لَهُمُ المُفارَقَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3746>بابُ الإِذنِ بالهِجرَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: لَمّا ضاقَت عَلَينا مَكَّةُ، وأوذِىَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وفُتِنوا، ورأَوا ما يُصيبُهُم مِنَ البَلاءِ والفِتنَةِ في دينِهِم، وأَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لا يَستَطيعُ دَفعَ (^٣) ذَلِكَ عَنهُم، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في مَنَعَةٍ مِن قَومِه وعَمِّه، لا يَصِلُ إلَيه شَئٌ مِمّا يَكرَهُ مَمّا يَنالُ أصحابَه، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ بأَرضِ الحَبَشَةِ مَلِكًا لا يُظلَمُ أحَدٌ عِندَه، فالْحَقوا ببِلادِه\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"لقد كان\".\n(^٢) سيرة ابن إسحاق (١٦٥ - زيادات يونس بن بكير).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"رَدَّ\".","vol":"18","page":29},{"text":"حَتَّى يَجعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُم فرَجًا ومَخرَجًا مِمّا أنتُم فيه\". فخَرَجنا إلَيها أرسالًا (^١) حَتَّى اجتَمَعنا بها (^٢)، فنَزَلنا بِخَيرِ دارٍ إلَى خَيرِ جارٍ، أمِنّا على دينِنا، ولَم نَخشَ مِنه ظُلمًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لَبِثَ عَشْرَ سِنينَ يَتبَعُ الحاجَّ في مَنازِلِهِم في المَواسِمِ بمَجَنَّةَ وعُكاظٍ، ومَنازِلِهِم بمِنًى: \"مَن يُؤوينى ويَنصُرُنِى حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَ رِسالاتِ رَبِّى ولَه الجَنَّةُ؟ \". فلَم يَجِدْ أحَدًا يُؤويه ويَنصرُه، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَدخُلُ ضاحيَةً (^٤) مِن مُضَرَ (^٥) واليَمَنِ، فيأتِيه قَومُه أو ذو رَحِمِه فيَقولونَ: احذَرْ فتَى قُرَيشٍ لا يُصيبُكَ. يَمشِى بَينَ رِحالِهِم يَدعوهُم إلَى اللَّهِ، يُشيرونَ إلَيه بأَصابِعِهِم، حَتَّى يَبعَثَنا (^٦) اللَّهُ مِن يَثرِبَ، فيأتيه الرَّجُلُ مِنّا فيُؤمِنُ به ويُقرِئُه القُرآنَ، فيَنقَلِبُ إلَى أهلِه، فيُسلِمونَ\n_________\n(^١) أرسالًا: أفواجًا طائفة بعد أخرى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٩.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٣٠١ وما بعدها، وابن إسحاق (٢٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) في م: \"صاحبه\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"مصر\".\n(^٦) في م، ص ٨: \"يبعث\".","vol":"18","page":30},{"text":"بإِسلامِه، حَتَّى لَم يَبقَ دارٌ مِن دورِ يَثرِبَ إلَّا فيها رَهطٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يُظهِرونَ الإسلامَ، ثُمَّ يَبعَثُنا (^١) اللَّهُ، فأتَمَرنا واجتَمَعنا سبعينَ رَجُلًا مِنّا فقُلنا: حَتَّى مَتَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُطرَدُ في جِبالِ مَكَّةَ ويُخالُ (^٢) - أو قال: ويَخافُ (^٣) - فرَحَلْنا حَتَّى قَدِمنا عَلَيه المَوسِمَ، فوَعَدَنا شِعبَ العَقَبَةِ، فاجتَمَعنا فيه مِن رَجُلٍ ورَجُلَينِ، حَتَّى تَوافَينا فيه عِندَه فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ علامَ نُبايِعُكَ؟ قال: \"تُبايِعونِى على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ في النَّشاطِ والكَسَلِ، وعَلَى النَّفَقَةِ في العُسرِ واليُسرِ، وعَلَى الأمرِ بالمَعروفِ والنَّهىِ عن المُنكَرِ، وأَن تَقولوا في اللَّهِ لا يأخُذُكُم في اللَّهِ لَومَةُ لائمٍ، وعَلَى أن تَنصُرونِى إن قَدِمتُ عَلَيكُم يَثرِبَ، وتَمنَعونِى مِمّا تَمنَعونَ مِنه أنفُسَكُم وأَزواجَكُم وأَبناءَكُم، ولَكُمُ الجَنَّةُ\". فقُلنا: نُبايِعُكَ. فأَخَذَ بيَدِه أسعَدُ بنُ زُرارَةَ - وهو أصغَرُ السَّبعينَ رَجُلًا إلَّا أنا - فقالَ: رُوَيدًا يا أهلَ يَثرِبَ، إنّا لَم نَضرِبْ إلَيه أكبادَ المَطِيِّ إلَّا ونَحنُ نَعلَمُ أنَّه رسولُ اللَّهِ، وإنَّ إخراجَه اليَومَ مُفارَقَةُ العَرَبِ كافَّةً، وقَتلُ خيارِكُم، وأَن تَعَضَّكُمُ السُّيوفُ؛ فإِمّا أنتُم قَومٌ تَصبِرونَ على عَضِّ السُّيوفِ وقَتلِ خيارِكُم ومُفارَقَةِ العَرَبِ كافَّةً فخُذوه وأَجرُكُم على اللَّهِ، وإِمّا أنتُم تَخافونَ مِن أنفُسِكُم خِيفَةً فذَروه، فهو أعذَرُ لَكُم عِندَ اللَّهِ. فقالوا: أخِّرْ عَنّا يَدَكَ يا أسعَدُ بنَ زُرارَةَ، فواللَّهِ لا نَذَرُ هذه البَيعَةَ ولا نَستَقيلُها. فقُمنا إلَيه رَجُلًا رَجُلًا، يأخُذُ عَلَينا شَرطَه ويُعطينا على ذَلِكَ الجَنَّةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يبعث\".\n(^٢) خيل عليه تخييلا وتخيلا: وجه التهمة إليه. ينظر التاج ٢٨/ ٤٥٠.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"نخاف\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٥٧) من طريق داود بن عبد الرحمن (العطار) به. وتقدم في (١٦٦٣٤). وقال =","vol":"18","page":31},{"text":"١٧٧٩٥ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبي ظَبيانَ، [عن أبيه] (^١)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ، فأُمِرَ بالهِجرَةِ وأُنزِلَ عَلَيه: ﴿وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا﴾ (^٢) [الإسراء: ٨٠].\n\n١٧٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أبى مَنيعٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَومَئذٍ بمَكَّةَ - لِلمُسلِمينَ: \"قَد أُريتُ (^٣) دارَ هِجرَتِكُم، أُريتُ سَبْخَةً ذاتَ نَخلٍ بَينَ لابَتَينِ\". وهُما الحَرَّتانِ. فهاجَرَ مَن هاجَرَ قِبَلَ المَدينَةِ حينَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ورَجَعَ إلَى المَدينَةِ بَعضُ مِن كان هاجَرَ إلَى أرضِ الحَبَشَةِ مِن المُسلِمينَ، وتَجَهَّزَ أبو بكرٍ مُهاجِرًا، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"على رِسلِك؛ فإِنِّى أرجو أن يُؤذَنَ لِى\". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: وتَرجو ذَلِكَ بأَبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فحَبَسَ أبو بكرٍ نَفسَه على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِصَحابَتِه، وعَلَفَ راحِلَتَينِ عِندَه ورَقَ السَّمُرِ أربَعَةَ\n_________\n= الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥١٠: سنده جيد صححه الحاكم.\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥١٦. والحاكم ٣/ ٣ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٨)، والترمذي (٣١٣٩) من طريق جرير به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"رأيت\".","vol":"18","page":32},{"text":"أشهُرٍ (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" بطوله مِن حَديثِ عُقَيلٍ ويونُسَ عن الزُّهريِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الباهلِيُّ وأبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ النَّمَريُّ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ قال: سَمعتُ البَراءَ يقولُ: كان أوَّلَ من قَدِمَ عَلَينا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُصعَبُ بنُ عُمَيرِ وابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ، وكانا يُقرئانِ القُرآنَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرِ وبِلالٌ وسَعدٌ، ثُمَّ جاءَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ في عِشرينَ، يَعنِي (^٣) مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فما رأَيتُ أهلَ المَدينَةِ فرحوا بِشَيءٍ قَطُّ فرَحَهُم بِه، حَتَّى رأيتُ الوَلائدَ والصِّبيانَ يَسعَونَ في الطَّرِيقِ (^٤) يَقولونَ: جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فما قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ حَتَّى قَرأتُ: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ [الأعلى: ١] في سُوَر مِثلِها مِنَ المُفَصَّلِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليد (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٤٥٨، ٤٥٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٢٦)، وأبو داود (٤٠٨٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٥، ٢٥١٨)، وابن حبان (٦٢٧٧، ٦٨٦٨) من طريق الزهري به مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٩٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"وبينهم\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الطرائق\"\n(^٥) الطيالسي (٧٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٦٦) من طريق شعبة به. وابن حبان (٦٢٨١، ٦٨٧٠) من طريق أبي إسحاق به مطولًا.\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٩٢٤).","vol":"18","page":33},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3747>بابُ مُبتَدإِ الإذنِ بالقِتالِ</span>\n\n١٧٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ أخبَرَه أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَكِبَ على حِمارٍ على إكافٍ (^١) على قَطيفَةٍ فَدَكيَّةٍ (^٢)، وأَردَفَ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ وراءَه، يَعودُ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ في بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ قبلَ وقعَةِ بَدرٍ، فسارَ حَتَّى مَرَّ بمَجلِسٍ فيه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُبَىٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ، وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يُسلِمَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُبَيٍّ، فإِذا في المَجْلِسِ رِجالٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ والمُشرِكينَ وعَبَدَةِ الأوثانِ واليَهودِ، وفِي المُسلِمينَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ، فلَمّا غَشِيَتِ المَجلِسَ عَجاجَةُ الدّابَّةِ (^٣) خَمَّرَ ابنُ أُبَىٍّ أنفَه برِدائه، ثُمَّ قال: لا تُغَبِّروا عَلَينا. فسَلَّمَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ وقَفَ، فنَزَلَ فدَعاهُم إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ وقَرأَ عَلَيهِمُ القُرآنَ. قال: فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أُبَيٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ: أيُّها المَرءُ، إنَّه لا أحسَنَ مما تَقولُ إن كان حَقًّا، فلا تُؤذينا به في مَجلِسِنا، ارجِعْ إلَى رَحلِكَ (^٤)، فمَن جاءَكَ فاقصُصْ عَلَيهِ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فاغشَنا به في مَجالِسِنا؛ فإِنّا نُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ. فاستَبَّ المُسلِمونَ\n_________\n(^١) الإكاف: برذعة الحمار. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٨٤.\n(^٢) فدكية: منسوبة إلى فدك، قرية بينها وبين المدينة يومان أو ثلاثة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٣) عجاجة الدابة: غبارها الذي تثيره حوافرها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٤) في ص ٨: \"أهلك\".","vol":"18","page":34},{"text":"والمُشرِكونَ واليَهودُ، حَتَّى كادوا يَتَثاوَرونَ (^١)، فلَم يَزَلِ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يُخَفِّضُهُم حَتَّى سَكَتوا، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - دابَّتَه، فسارَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ على سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"أيا سَدُ، ألَم تَسمَعْ ما قال أبو حُبابٍ؟ يُريدُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أُبَىٍّ، قال كَذا وكَذا\". فقالَ سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، اعفُ عنه واصفَحْ، فوالَّذِى أنزَلَ (^٢) الكِتابَ، لَقَد جاءَ اللَّهُ بالحَقِّ الَّذِى أنزَلَ عَلَيكَ ولَقَدِ اصطَلَحَ أهلُ هذه البُحَيرَةِ (^٣) على أن يُتَوِّجوه فيُعَصِّبوه (^٤)، فلَمّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ بالحَقِّ الَّذِى أعطاكَ شَرِقَ بذَلِكَ (^٥)، فذَلِكَ فعَلَ به ما رأيتَ. فعَفا عنه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -، وكانَ وأَصحابُه يَعفونَ عن المُشرِكينَ وأَهلِ الكِتابِ كما أمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿، ويَصبِرونَ على الأذَى، قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٨٦]، وقالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٩]، وكانَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - يَتأَوَّلُ في العَفوِ ما أمَرَ اللَّهُ به\n_________\n(^١) يتثاورون: أي قارب أن يثور بعضهم إلى بعض بقتال أو مشاجرة، تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١٨٣.\n(^٢) بعده في س، والمهذب ٧/ ٣٥١١: \"عليك\".\n(^٣) البحيرة: يعني المدينة، والعرب تسمى القرى الجار. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٧٩.\n(^٤) يعصبوه: يسودوه. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٥٩.\n(^٥) شرق بذلك: لم يقدر على إساغته والصبر عليه، فكأنه اعترض في حلقه. الفائق ١/ ٨٠.","vol":"18","page":35},{"text":"حَتَّى أُذِنَ له (^١) فيهِم، فلَمّا غَزَا النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بَدرًا فَقَتَلَ اللهُ به مَن قَتَل مِن صَنَادِيدِ كُفّارِ قُرَيشٍ، قال ابنُ أُبَيٍّ ابنُ سَلولَ ومَن مَعَه من عَبَدَةِ الأوثَانِ: هذا أمرٌ قَد تَوَجَّهَ (^٢). فبايَعوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - على الإسلامِ (^٣)، رواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حديث معمرٍ وعُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٥).\n\n١٧٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العبَّاسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقُوبَ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا إسحاق بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن الأعمَشِ عن مُسلِمٍ البَطينِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أخرَجَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، قال أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ: إنّا للهِ وإِنّا إلَيه راجِعونَ، أخرَجوا نَبيَّهُم، لَيَهلِكُنَّ. قال: فنزلَت ﴿أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ﴾ [الحج: ٣٩]. وكانَ ابنُ عباسٍ يَقرؤها: (أَذِنَ) (^٦). قال أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيق: فعَلِمتُ أنَّها قِتالٌ. قال ابنُ عَباسٍ: وهِيَ أوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَت في القِتالِ (^٧).\n\n١٧٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ قاسِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لهم\".\n(^٢) توجه: استمر فلا طمع في إزالته وتغييره. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ١٨٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٦٩) عن أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (٦٩٠٨، ٦٩٠٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٦٦، ٦٢٠٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٦٦٣، ٦٢٥٤)، ومسلم (١٧٩٨/ ١١٦).\n(^٦) ينظر روح المعاني ٩/ ١٥٤.\n(^٧) الحاكم ٢/ ٦٦ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٥)، والترمذي (٣١٧١)، والنسائي (٣٠٨٥)، وابن حبان (٤٧١٠) من طريق إسحاق بن يوسف به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.","vol":"18","page":36},{"text":"القاسِمِ السّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بن حاتِمٍ الباشانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ وأَصحابًا له أتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، كُنّا في عِزٍّ ونَحنُ مُشرِكونَ، فلَمّا آمَنّا صِرنا أذِلَّةً. فقالَ: \"إنِّي أُمِرتُ بالعَفوِ، فلا تَقاتِلوا القَومَ\". فلَمّا حَوَّلَه اللهُ إلَى المَدينَةِ أمَرَه بالقِتالِ فكَفُّوا، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ﴾ (^١) [النساء: ٧٧].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3748>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَسخِ العَفوِ عن المُشرِكينَ، ونَسخِ النَّهيِ عن القِتالِ حَتَّى يُقاتِلوا، والنَّهيِ عن القِتالِ في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: يُقالُ: نُسِخَ (^٢) هذا كُلُّه بقَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾ الآيَة (^٣) [البقرة: ١٩٣، الأنفال: ٣٩].\n\n١٧٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه: ﴿فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]، وقَولِه: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩] قال: فنَسَخَ هذا العَفوَ عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٦٦، ٦٧ وصححه. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٨٦)، وابن جرير ٧/ ٢٣١ من طريق على بن الحسن بن شقيق به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٨٩١).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"النهي\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦١.","vol":"18","page":37},{"text":"المُشرِكينَ. وقَولِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٣] فأَمَرَه اللهُ بجِهادِ الكُفّارِ بالسَّيفِ، والمُنافِقينَ باللِّسانِ، وأَذهَبَ الرِّفقَ عَنهُم (^١).\nوبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَولُه: ﴿وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٠٦] و: ﴿لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ﴾ [الغاشية: ٢٢]، يقولُ: لَستَ عَلَيهِم بجَبَّارٍ، ﴿فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٣]، ﴿وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا﴾ [التغابن: ١٤]، ﴿فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٩]، ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجاثية: ١٤]. ونَحوُ هذا في القُرآنِ، أمَرَ اللهُ بالعَفوِ عن المُشرِكينَ، وإِنَّه نَسَخَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّه قَولُه: ﴿فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ وقَولُه: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ فنَسَخَ هذا العَفوَ عن المُشرِكينَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ هو الفَزارِيُّ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٥٦٦، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٠٣٠١، ١٠٣٠٤، ١٠٣٠٦) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح مقتصرين على قوله: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ. . .﴾.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٥٨٢. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٢٧٢، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢/ ٤٢٤، ٩/ ٤٧٩، ٢٤/ ٣٤١، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٠٨٩)، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٥٠٠ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به مطولًا ومختصرًا.","vol":"18","page":38},{"text":"فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا (٨٩) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾ الآيَةَ [النساء: ٨٩، ٩٠]. قال: وقالَ: ﴿لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ﴾ الآيَة [الممتحنة: ٨] ثُمَّ نَسَخَ هَؤُلاءِ الآياتِ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]. وأَنزَلَ ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً﴾ [التوبة: ٣٦]. قال: ﴿وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا﴾ [الأنفال: ٦١] ثُمَّ نَسَخَ ذَلِكَ هذه الآيَةُ ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ﴾ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ العَطَّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقَّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن أبي السَّوَّارِ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَهطًا واستَعمَلَ عَلَيهِم عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الحارِثِ. قال: فلَمَّا انطَلَقَ ليَتَوَجَّهَ بَكَى صَبابَةً إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكانَه رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَحشٍ. وكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا، وأَمَرَه أَلَّا يَقرأَه إلَّا بمَكانِ كَذا وكَذا، وقالَ: \"لا تُكرِهَنَّ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِكَ على المَسيرِ مَعَكَ\". فلَمَّا صارَ ذَلِكَ المَوضِعَ قرأَ الكِتابَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٢٧٧، ٢٨١، ٢٨٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٧٥٦، ٩١٢١)، والنحاس في ناسخه ص ٥٤٠ من طريق عثمان بن عطاء به.","vol":"18","page":39},{"text":"واستَرجَعَ قال: سَمعًا وطاعَةً للهِ ورسولِه. قال: فرَجَعَ رَجُلانِ مِن أصحابِه ومَضَى بَقيَّتُهُم مَعَه، فلَقُوا ابنَ الحَضرَمِىِّ فقَتَلوه، فلَم يُدرَ ذَلِكَ مِن رَجَبٍ أو مِن جُمادَى الآخِرَةِ، فقالَ المُشرِكونَ: قَتَلتُم في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ؟! فنَزَلَت: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧]. قال: فقالَ بَعضُ المُسلِمينَ: لَئن كانوا أصابوا خَيرًا ما لَهُم أجرٌ. فنَزَلَت: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ٢١٨].\n\n١٧٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وأَمَّرَ عَلَيهِم عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَحشٍ الأسَدِيَّ، فانطَلَقوا حَتَّى هَبَطوا نَخلَةَ، فوَجَدوا بها عمرَو بنَ الحَضرَمِىِّ في عيرِ تِجارَةٍ لِقُرَيشٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِ ابنِ الحَضرَمِيِّ ونُزولِ قَولِه: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ﴾ قال: فبَلَغَنا أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عَقَلَ ابنَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، وحَرَّمَ الشَّهرَ الحَرامَ كما كان يُحَرِّمُه، حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ ﴿بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكأَنَّه أرادَ قَولَ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٥٣٤) بتمامه، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٠٣) مختصرًا، والطبراني (١٦٧٠) من طريق معتمر به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٩٨: رواه الطبراني ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٧، ١٨. وأخرجه الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص ٤٥ من طريق على بن محمد بن عيسي به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٦٥٠ - ٦٥٣ من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (١٨٠٤٦).","vol":"18","page":40},{"text":"كَافَةً﴾ والآيَةُ التي ذَكَرها الشَّافِعيُّ ﵀ أعَمُّ في النَّسخِ، واللهُ أَعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبد اللهِ بنُ وَهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ واستُفتِي: هَل يَصلُحُ لِلمُسلِمينَ أن يُقاتِلوا الكُفَّارَ في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ؟ فقالَ سعيدٌ: نَعَم. وقالَ ذَلِكَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمد بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سأَلتُ سُفيانَ عن قَولِ اللهِ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ﴾ قال: هذا شَيءٌ منسوخٌ وقَد مَضَى، ولا بأسَ بالقتالِ في الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3749>بابُ فرضِ الهِجرَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه في الَّذِي يُفتَنُ عن دينهِ، قَدَرَ على الهِجرَةِ فلَم يُهاجِرْ حَتَّى تُوفِّى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ الآيَةَ [النساء: ٩٧].\n\n١٧٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٣٨٧ من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو عبيد في ناسخه ص ٢٩٧، ٢٩٨ من طريق مخرمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢٠٢٥) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"18","page":41},{"text":"الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ ورَجُلٌ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ الأسَدِيُّ قال: قُطِعَ على أهلِ المَدينَةِ بَعثٌ (^١) كُتِبتُ (^٢) فيه، فلَقِيتُ عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، فنَهانِى أشَدَّ النَّهىِ، ثُمَّ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ أن ناسًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ كانوا مَعَ المُشرِكينَ يُكَثِّرونَ سَوادَ المُشرِكينَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فيأتِى السَّهمُ يُرمَى به فيُصيبُ أحَدَهُم فيَقتُلُه، أو يُضرَبُ فيُقتَلُ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى ذِكرُه فيهِم (^٣): ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا﴾ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ (^٥).\n\n١٧٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَناه حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن الحَجَّاجِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَجَلِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أقامَ مَعَ المُشرِكينَ فقَد بَرِئَت مِنه الذِّمَّةُ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البعث: الجيش، والمعنى أنهم أُلزموا لإخراج جيش لقتال أهل الشام. فتح الباري ٨/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"لينهب\".\n(^٣) من هنا خرم في المخطوطة (س) وينتهى عند الحديث (١٧٨٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١١٩) من طريق المقرئ عن حيوة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٥٩٦).\n(^٦) المصنف في الشعب (٩٣٧٣). وقال الألباني: الحجاج مدلس وقد عنعنه. السلسلة الصحيحة ٢/ ٢٢٩.","vol":"18","page":42},{"text":"١٧٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن أبي نُخَيلَةَ (^١)، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - وهو يُبايِعُ النّاسَ فقُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، ابسُطْ يَدَكَ حَتَّى أُبايِعَكَ، واشتَرِطْ عليَّ؛ فأَنتَ أعلمُ بالشَّرطِ مِنِّى. قال: \"أُبايِعُكَ على أن تَعبُدَ اللَّهَ، وتُقيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتِىَ الزَّكاةَ، وتُناصِحَ المُؤمِنَ، وتُفارِقَ المُشرِكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن قُرَّةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ قال: بَينا نَحنُ بهَذا المِربَدِ إذ أتَى عَلَينا أعرابِيٌّ شَعِثُ الرأسِ، مَعَه قِطعَةُ أديمٍ أو قِطعَةُ جِرابٍ، فقُلنا: كأنَّ هذا لَيسَ مِن أهلِ البَلَدِ. فقالَ: أجَل، لا، هذا كِتابٌ كَتَبَه لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ القَومُ: هاتِ. فأَخَذتُه فقَرأتُه فإِذا فيه: \"بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، هذا كِتابٌ مِن محمدٍ النَّبِيِّ رسولِ اللهِ لِبَنِى زُهَيرِ بنِ أُقيشٍ - قال أبو العَلاءِ: وهُم حَيٌّ مِن عُكْلٍ - إنَّكُم إن شَهِدتُم أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، وأَقَمتُمُ الصَّلاةَ، وآتَيتُمُ الزَّكاةَ، وفارَقتُمُ المُشرِكينَ، وأَعطَيتُم مِنَ الغَنائمِ الخُمُسَ وسَهمَ النَّبِيِّ والصَّفِيَّ - ورُبَّما قال: وصَفيَّه - فأَنتُم آمِنونَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بجيلة\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٨٨) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٩٢٣٨)، والطبراني (٢٣١٨) من طريق أبى وائل به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في السلسلة الصحيحة ٢/ ٢٢٨. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥١٦: إسناد مقارب، ولا أعرف أبا نخيلة.","vol":"18","page":43},{"text":"بأَمانِ اللهِ وأَمانِ رسولِه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3750>بابُ ما جاءَ في عُذرِ المُستَضعَفينَ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا (٩٨) فَأُولَئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٨، ٩٩].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ويُقالُ: \"عَسَى\" مِنَ اللهِ واجِبٌ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، [عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ] (^٣)، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: كُلُّ عَسَى في القُرآنِ فهِيَ واجِبَةٌ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ ﴿إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ﴾ قال: كُنتُ وأُمِّي ممَّن\n_________\n(^١) سيرة ابن إسحاق (ص ٢٦٩ - زيادات يونس بن بكير). وتقدم في (١٢٨٧٧، ١٣٤٩٨).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٦١.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٧، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٠٠٦٠) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به","vol":"18","page":44},{"text":"عَذرَ اللهُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: أنا وأُمِّي مِنَ المُستَضعَفينَ؛ كانَت أُمِّي مِنَ النِّساءِ وأَنا مِنَ الوِلدانِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: لما اجتَمَعْنا لِلهِجرَةِ اتَّعَدتُ أنا وعَيّاشُ بنُ أبي رَبيعَةَ وهِشامُ بنُ العاصِ بنِ وائلٍ وقُلنا: الميعادُ بَينَنا التَّناضُبُ مِن أضاةِ بَنِي غِفارٍ (^٥)، فمَن أصبَحَ مِنكُم لَم يأتِها فقَد حُبِسَ، فليَمضِ صاحِباه. فأَصبَحْتُ عِندَه أنا وعَيّاشُ بنُ أبي رَبيعَةَ، وحُبِسَ عَنّا هِشامٌ وفُتِنَ فافتَتَنَ، [وقَدِمنا] (^٦) المَدينَةَ فكُنّا نَقولُ: ما اللهُ بقابِلٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٢٨٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٨٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٢٧٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٨٧).\n(^٥) التناضب وأضاة بني غفار موضع واحد، والأضاة أرض تمسك الماء فيتكون فيها الطين، والتناضب شجرات في هذه الأضاة، وهي لا زالت مشاهدة على جانب وادي سرف الشمالي. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ٦٥.\n(^٦) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":45},{"text":"مِن هَؤُلاءِ تَوبَةً؛ قَومٌ عَرَفوا اللهَ وآمَنوا به وصَدَّقوا رسولَه، ثُمَّ رَجَعوا عن ذَلِكَ لِبَلاءٍ أصابَهُم مِنَ الدُّنيا. وكانوا يَقولونَه لأنفُسِهِم، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيهِم ﴿قُلْ يَاعِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿مَثْوًى لِلْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ﴾ [الزمر: ٥٣ - ٦٠] قال عُمَرُ: فكَتَبتُها بيَدِى كِتابًا، ثُمَّ بَعَثتُ بها إلَى هِشامٍ، فقالَ هِشامُ بنُ العاصِ: فلَمَّا قَدِمَت عليَّ خَرَجتُ بها إلَى ذِى طُوًى، فجَعَلتُ أُصَعِّدُ بها وأُصَوِّبُ لأفهَمَها، فقُلتُ: اللَّهُمَّ فهِّمْنيها. فعَرَفتُ أنَّما أُنزِلَت فينا؛ لِما كُنَّا نَقولُ في أنفُسِنا ويُقالُ فينا، فرَجَعتُ فجَلَستُ على بَعيرِي، فلَحِقتُ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقُتِلَ هِشامٌ شَهيدًا بأَجنادينَ (^١) في وِلايَةِ أبى بكرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَكيمُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ فيمَن كان يُفتَنُ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بمَكَّةَ ﴿ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النحل: ١١٠].\n_________\n(^١) أجنادين: موضع مثهور بالرملة من فلسطين، كانت فيه الرقعة العظيمة بين الروم والمسلمين سنة ١٥ هـ، وقد اندثرت الآن. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ١٠٣، والمعالم الجغرافية الواردة في السيرة النبوية ص ١٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٤٦١، ٤٦٢. وأخرجه ابن النجاد في مسند عمر (٧٩)، والواحدى في أسباب النزول ص ٢٧٧، ٢٧٨، وابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٥/ ٤٠١، ٤٠٢ من طريق يونس به. والبزار (١٥٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٠/ ٢٢٧، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٥٨١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به مطولًا ومختصرًا. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٦/ ٦١: رجاله ثقات.","vol":"18","page":46},{"text":"١٧٨١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: أسلَمَ عَيَّاشُ بنُ أبى رَبيعَةَ، وهاجَرَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فجاءَه أبو جَهلِ ابنُ هِشامٍ - وهو أخوه لأُمِّه - ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ مَعَه فقالَ له: إنَّ أُمَّكَ تُناشِدُكَ رَحِمَها وحَقَّها أن تَرجِعَ إلَيها. فأَقبَلَ مَعَهُما، فرَبَطاه حَتَّى قَدِما به مَكَّةَ، فكانا يُعَذِّبانِهِ (^١).\n\n١٧٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان ناسٌ بمَكَّةَ قَد أقَرُّوا بالإِسلامِ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ النّاسُ إلَى بَدرٍ لَم يَبقَ أحَدٌ إلَّا أخرَجوه، فقُتِلَ أولَئكَ الَّذينَ أقَرّوا بالإِسلامِ، فنَزَلَت فيهِم ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا (٩٧) إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٧، ٩٨] حيلةً: نُهوضًا إلَيها، وسبيلًا: طَريقًا إلَى المَدينَةِ، فكَتَبَ المُسلِمونَ الَّذينَ كانوا بالمَدينَةِ إلَى مَن كان بمَكَّةَ، فلَمّا كُتِبَ إلَيهِم خَرَجَ ناسٌ مِمَّن أقَرُّوا بالإِسلامِ، فاتَّبعَهُمُ المُشرِكونَ، فأَكرَهوهُم حَتَّى أعطَوهُمُ الفِتنَةَ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيهِم: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ (^٢) [النحل: ١٠٦].\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٨٨، ٢٨٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٧٨١) من طريق ورقاء به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٠٦، ٣٠٧ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٢) جزء سعدان بن نصر (٤٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٧٠، ١٧١ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير =","vol":"18","page":47},{"text":"١٧٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لما قال: \"سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَن حَمِدَه\". قبلَ أن يَسجُدَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ عَيّاشَ بنَ أبي رَبيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ سلمةَ بنَ هِشامٍ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ الوَليدَ بنَ الوَليدِ، اللَّهُمَّ أنجِ المُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اشدُدْ وطأَتَكَ على مُضَرَ، اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْها (^١) سِنينَ كَسِنِي يوسُفَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شَيبانَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3751>بابُ مَن خَرَجَ مِن بَيتِه مُهاجِرًا فأَدرَكَه المَوتُ في طَريقِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن خُزاعَةَ كان بمَكَّةَ فمَرِضَ، وهو\n_________\n= في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٨٥، ٣٩٠ - والفاكهي في أخبار مكة (٢٣٨٢)، والأزرقي في أخبار مكة ٢/ ٢١٢ - ومن طريقه الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص ١٣٢، ١٣٣ - وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥٨٧٣، ٥٨٧٥) من طريق سفيان به بنحوه مطولًا ومختصرًا.\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"عليهم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٢١٩٠) عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى به. وأبو نعيم في مستخرجه (١٥١٤) من طريق شيبان به. وتقدم في (٣١٢٧، ٣١٣٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٩٨)، ومسلم (٦٧٥/. . .).","vol":"18","page":48},{"text":"ضَمرَةُ بنُ العِيصِ -[أوِ العِيصُ] (^١) بن ضَمرَةَ - بنِ زِنباعٍ، فأَمَرَ أهلَه ففَرَشوا له على سَريرٍ، فحَمَلوه وانطَلَقوا به مُتَوَجِّهًا إلَى المَدينَةِ، فلَمّا كان بالتَّنعيمِ ماتَ، فنَزَلَت ﴿وَمَنْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ﴾ (^٢) [النساء: ١٠٠].\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه الحَسَنُ وغَيرُه مِنَ المُفَسِّرينَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3752>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الإقامَةِ بدارِ الشِّركِ لمن لا يَخافُ الفِتنَةَ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لِقَومٍ بمَكَّةَ أن يُقيموا بها بَعدَ إسلامِهِم؛ مِنهُمُ العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ وغَيرُه، إذ لَم يَخافوا الفِتنَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٢٠ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: كان العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ قَد أسلَمَ وأَقامَ على سِقايَتِه ولَم يُهاجِرْ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٦٨٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه البلاذري في أنساب الأشراف ١/ ٣١٣، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٩٣، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٩٣٧) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) ينظر تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٩٠.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٦١.\n(^٥) في م: \"علاقة\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٢٢. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٣/ ٢٥٩ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"18","page":49},{"text":"١٧٨٢١ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ (^١) بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ أبا العاصِ رَجَعَ إلَى مَكَّةَ بَعدَما أسلَمَ، فلَم يَشهَدْ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَشهَدًا، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، فتوُفِّىَ في ذِى الحِجَّةِ مِن سنةِ اثنَتَى عَشْرَةَ في خِلافَةِ أبى بكرٍ، وأَوصَى إلَى الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوَّامِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وكانَ يأمُرُ جُيوشَه أن يَقولوا لِمَن أسلَمَ: إن هاجَرتُم فلَكُم ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ، وإِن أقَمتُم فأَنتُم كأعرابِ المُسلِمينَ. ولَيسَ يُخَيِّرُهُم إلَّا فيما يَحِلُّ لَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على سَريَّةٍ أو جَيشٍ، أوصاه في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه بتَقوَى اللهِ، وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَيرًا وقالَ: \"إذا لَقِيتَ عَدوَّكَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فادعُهُم إلَى إحدَى ثلاثِ خِصالٍ أو خِلالٍ، فأَيَّتُهُنَّ أجابوكَ إلَيها فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُم؛ ادعُهُم إلَى الإسلامِ، فإِن أجابوكَ فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُم، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) إلى هنا نهاية ما فيه خرم في المخطوطة (س) والذي بدأ في نهاية حديث رقم (١٧٨٠٧).\n(^٢) ذكره الحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧ عن ابن إسحاق عن داود بن الحصين عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس معلقًا. وكذلك أخرجه ابن جرير في ذيل تاريخه ص ٥٠٠، ٥٠١.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦١.","vol":"18","page":50},{"text":"ادعُهُم إلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِن دارِهِم إلَى دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، وأَعلِمْهُم أنَّهُم إن فعَلوا ذَلِكَ أن لهم ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ وأَنَّ عَلَيهِم ما على المُهاجِرينَ، فإِن أبَوا واختاروا دارَهُم فأَعلِمْهُم أنَّهُم يَكونونَ مِثلَ أعرابِ المُسلِمينَ؛ يَجرِى عَلَيهِم حُكمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِى كان يَجرِى على المُؤمِنينَ، ولا يَكونُ لهم في الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ نَصيبٌ، إلَّا أن يُجاهِدوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد ورَدَت أخبارٌ في مِثلِ هذا المَعنَى.\n\n١٧٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ البَيروتِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبي، أخبرَنِى الأوزاعِيُّ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ أن أعرابيًّا أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فسألَه عن الهِجرَةِ فقالَ: \"إنَّ الهِجرَةَ شأنُها شَديدٌ، فهَل لَكَ إبِلٌ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فهَل تَمنَحُ مِنها؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فهَل تَحلُبُها يَومَ وِردِها؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فاعمَلْ مِن وراءِ البِحارِ (^٣)؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَن يَتِرَكَ مِن عَمَلِكَ شيئًا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٧٨) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (٢٦١٢)، والترمذي (١٦١٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٨) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتي في (١٨٠٠٧، ١٨١٠٠، ١٨٢٣٧، ١٨٦٦٩ - ١٨٦٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٢).\n(^٣) البحار: البلاد. والعرب تسمى القرى البحار. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٧٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٠٥)، وأبو داود (٢٤٧٧)، والنسائي (٤١٧٥)، وابن حبان (٣٢٤٩) من =","vol":"18","page":51},{"text":"أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِيِّ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ أبو الحُسَينِ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ يَعنِي ابنَ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن آمَنَ باللهِ ورسولِه وأَقامَ الصَّلاةَ وصامَ رَمَضانَ، كان على اللهِ أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، هاجَرَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ أو جَلَسَ في أرضِه التي وُلِدَ فيها\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أفَلا نُنَبِّئُ (^٢) النّاسَ بَذلِكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّ في الجَنَّةِ مِائَة دَرَجَةٍ أعَدَّها لِلمُجاهِدينَ في سَبيلِه، ما بَينَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَينِ كما بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ، فإِذا سأَلتُمُ اللهَ فسَلُوه الفِردَوسَ؛ فإِنَّه أوسَطُ الجَنَّةِ وأَعلَى الجَنَّةِ، وفَوقَه عَرشُ اللهِ، ومِنه تَفَجَّرُ أنهارُ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n= طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^١) البخاري (١٤٥٢)، ومسلم (١٨٦٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"تنبئ\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٢١) عن سريج به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٩٠).","vol":"18","page":52},{"text":"جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"لا هِجرَةَ، ولَكِن جِهادٌ ونيَّةٌ، وإذا استُنفِرتُم فانفِروا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ وعُثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوقَولُه - ﷺ -: \"لا هِجرَةَ\". يَعنِي، واللهُ أعلمُ، لا هِجرَةَ وُجوبًا على مَن أسلَمَ مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ بَعدَ فتحِها؛ فإِنَّها قَد صارَت دارَ إسلامٍ وأَمنٍ، فلا يَخافُ أحَدٌ فيها أن يُفتَنَ عن دينِه، وكَذَلِكَ غَيرُ مَكَّةَ إذا صارَ في مَعناها بَعدَ الفَتحِ في الأمنِ.\nوفِي مِثلِ ذَلِكَ ورَدَ ما:\n\n١٧٨٢٦ - أخبرنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سُوَيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ الجارودِيُّ، أخبرَنا سُوَيدُ (^٣) بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: أخبرَنِي مُجاشِعُ بنُ مَسعودٍ السُّلَمِيُّ قال: جِئتُ بأَخِي أبي مَعبَدٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعدَ الفَتحِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بايِعْه على الهِجرَةِ. قال: \"قَد مَضَتِ الهِجرَةُ لأهلِها\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ فعَلَى أيِّ شَيءٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٠٣٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٣٤)، ومسلم (١٣٥٣/ ٨٥).\n(^٣) في م: \"بشر\".","vol":"18","page":53},{"text":"تُبايِعُهُ؟ قال: \"على الإسلامِ والجِهادِ والخَيرِ\". فبايَعَه. قال أبو عثمانَ: فلَقِيتُ أبا مَعبَدٍ فأَخبَرتُه بقَولِ مُجاشِعٍ فقالَ: صَدَقَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُوَيدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أن أباه أخبَرَه عن يَعلَى بنِ مُنْيَةَ قال: جِئتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأَبِى (^٣) يَومَ الفَتحِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بايِعْ أبى على الهِجرَةِ. قال: \"بَل أُبايِعُه على الجِهادِ، وقَدِ انقَطَعَتِ الهِجرَةُ يَومَ الفَتحِ\" (^٤). كَذا وجَدتُه، وإِنَّما هو عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ:\n\n١٧٨٢٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أخبَرَه قال: أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ يَعلَى، أن أباه أخبَرَه أن يَعلَى قال: كَلَّمتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في أبى أُمَيَّةَ يَومَ الفَتحِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بايِعْ أبِى على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٤٨) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٦٣/ ٨٤)، والبخاري (٢٩٦٢).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"ثانى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٦٣) عن أبي الربيع، وعنده: عمرو بن عبد الرحمن.","vol":"18","page":54},{"text":"الهِجرَةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَل أُبايِعُه على الجِهادِ، فقَدِ انقَطَعَتِ الهِجرَةُ\" (^١).\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فقالَ: عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ ابنُ أخِى يَعلَى (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٢٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ كاسِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وإِبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قيلَ لِصَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وهو بأَعلَى مَكَّةَ: إنَّه لا دِينَ لِمَن لَم يُهاجِرْ. فقالَ: لا أصِلُ إلَى بَيتِى حَتَّى أقدَمَ المَدينَةَ. فقَدِمَ المَدينَةَ، فنَزَلَ على العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، ثُمَّ أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ما جاءَ بكَ يا أبا وهبٍ؟ \". قال: قيلَ: إنَّه لا دِينَ لِمَن لَم يُهاجِرْ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ارجِعْ أبا وهبٍ إلَى أباطِحِ مَكَّةَ، فقِرّوا على سكَنَتِكُم (^٣)، فقَدِ انقَطَعَتِ الهِجرَةُ، ولَكِن جِهادٌ ونيَّةٌ، وإِنِ استُنفِرتُم فانفِروا\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٠٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٥٨)، والنسائي (٤١٧٩) من طريق عقيل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٢٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٦٢)، والنسائي (٤١٧١)، وابن حبان (٤٨٦٤) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث به. وعندهم جميعًا: عمرو بن عبد الرحمن. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٢٨٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"ملتكم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الجهاد (٢٦٢) من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس مختصرًا بنحوه. والطبراني (١٠٨٩٨) من طريق عمرو دون ذكر قصة صفوان. وتقدم في (١٠٠٣٦).","vol":"18","page":55},{"text":"الأدَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ ماهانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن رَجُلٍ سَمِعَ جُبَيرَ بنَ مُطعِمٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ ناسًا يَقولونَ: لَيسَ لَنا أُجورٌ بمَكَّةَ. قال: \"لَتأتيَنَّكُم أُجورُكُم ولَو كُنتُم في جُحرِ ثَعلَبٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا فُدَيكُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن صالِحِ بنِ بَشيرِ بنِ فُدَيكٍ قال: جاءَ فُدَيكٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّهُم يَزعُمون أن مَن لَم يُهاجِرْ هَلَكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا فُدَيكُ، أقِمِ الصَّلاةَ، وآتِ الزَّكاةَ، واهجُرِ السّوءَ، واسكُنْ مِن أرضِ قَومِكَ حَيثُ شِئتَ\". قال: وأَظُنُّ أنَّه قال: \"تَكُنْ مُهاجِرًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن صالِحِ بنِ بَشيرِ بنِ فُدَيكٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه. لَيسَ في حَديثِ الزُّبَيدِىِّ: \"تَكُنْ مُهاجِرًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٧٥٩)، وأبو يعلى (٧٤٠٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٣٥، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٦٣٩)، والطبراني ١٨/ ٣٣٦ (٨٦٢) من طريق فديك بن سليمان به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٢١: فديك صدوق، والحديث مرسل.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٦١) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به.","vol":"18","page":56},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا المَقبُرِيُّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُناسٌ مِن أهلِ البَدوِ فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَدِمَ عَلَينا أُناسٌ مِن قَراباتِنا، فزَعَموا أنَّه لا يَنفَعُ عَمَلٌ دونَ الهِجرَةِ والجِهادِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حَيثُما كُنتُم فأَحسِنوا عِبادَةَ اللهِ، وأَبشِروا بالجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيم بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ، أنَّه جاءَ عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - مَعَ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ وكانَت مُجاوِرَةً قال: فقالَ عُبَيدٌ: أيْ هَنْتاه (^٢)، أسأَلُكِ عن الهِجرَةِ. قالَت: لا هِجرَةَ بَعدَ الفَتحِ، إنَّما كانَتِ الهِجرَةُ قبلَ الفَتحِ حينَ يُهاجِرُ الرَّجُلُ بدينِه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فأَمّا حينَ كان الفَتحُ حَيثُ شاءَ الرَّجُلُ عَبَدَ اللهَ لا يُمنَعُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: زُرتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - مَعَ عُبَيدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدولابي في الكنى والأسماء (١٤١٢) من طريق يحيى بن عمير عن سعيد بن أبي سعيد المقبري عن أبيه به.\n(^٢) أي: يا هذه، أو: يا شيء، كناية عن كل ما يكنى عنه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧١.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٥١) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"18","page":57},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَيرٍ، فسأَلَها (^١) عن الهِجرَةِ قالَت: لا هِجرَةَ اليَومَ، إنَّما كانَتِ الهِجرَةُ إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه؛ كان المُؤمِنونَ يَفِرُّونَ بدينِهِم إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن أن يُفتَنوا، فقَد أفشَى اللهُ الإسلامَ، فحَيثُما شاءَ رَجُلٌ عَبَدَ رَبَّه، ولَكِن جِهادٌ ونيَّةٌ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ وابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَعنَى هَذا (^٤).\nوكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرجِعُ إلَى انقِطاعِ الهِجرَةِ وُجوبًا عن أهلِ مَكَّةَ وغَيرِها مِنَ البِلادِ بَعدَ ما صارَت دارَ أمنٍ وإِسلامٍ، فأَمَّا دارُ حَربٍ أسلَمَ فيها مَن يَخافُ الفِتنَةَ على دينِه، ولَه ما يُبلِّغُه إلَى دارِ الإسلامِ، فعَلَيه أن يُهاجِرَ، وفِي مِثلِ ذَلِكَ:\n\n١٧٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرَّازِيُّ، أخبرَنا عيسَي، عن حَريزٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَوفٍ، عن أبي هِندٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَنقَطِعُ الهِجرَةُ حَتَّى تَنقَطِعَ التَّوبَةُ، ولا تَنقَطِعُ التَّوبَةُ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ مِن مَغرِبِها\" (^٥).\n\n١٧٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فسألتها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٦٧) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٨٠، ٣٩٠٠، ٤٣١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري (٣٨٩٩).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٤٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧١١) من طريق حريز به. وعند النسائي: جرير. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٣٩).","vol":"18","page":58},{"text":"القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ قاضِى دِمَشقَ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ السَّعدِيِّ مِن بَنِى مالكِ بنِ حِسْلٍ أنَّه قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في أُناسٍ مِن أصحابِه، فلَمَّا نَزَلوا قالوا: احفَظْ لَنا رِكابَنا حَتَّى نَقضِىَ حاجَتَنا ثُمَّ تَدخُلَ. وكانَ أصغَرَ القَومِ، فقَضَى لَهُم حاجَتَهُم، ثُمَّ قالوا له: ادخُلْ. فلَمَّا دَخَلَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"حاجَتُكَ؟ \". قال: حاجَتِى أن تُخبِرَنِى: أنقَطَعَتِ الهِجرَةُ؟ قال: \"حاجَتُكَ مِن خَيرِ حَوائجِهِم، لا تَنقَطِعُ الهِجرَةُ ما قُوتِلَ العَدوُّ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3753>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أن يَموتَ بالأرضِ التي هاجَرَ مِنها</span>\n\n١٧٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ (^٢) بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا [عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ وأبو نُعَيمٍ] (^٣)، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جاءَنِى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُنِى - وكانَ يَكرَهُ أن يَموتَ بالأرضِ التي هاجَرَ مِنها - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُوصِى بمالِى كُلِّهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فالشَّطرُ؟ قال: \"لا\". قُلتُ: فالثُّلُثُ؛ قال: \"الثُّلُثُ، والثُّلُثُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٢٤) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به. وابن حبان (٤٨٦٦) من طريق ابن محيريز به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٢٢: هذا غريب حسن. وقال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد ٥/ ٢٥١: رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"حدثنا\".\n(^٣) في م: \"عبد الله هو أبو نعيم\". وعبيد الله هو ابن موسى، وأبو نعيم هو الفضل بن دكين روى عنهما أحمد بن حازم بن أبي غرزة. ينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٨٧.","vol":"18","page":59},{"text":"كَثيرٌ، إنَّكَ أن تَدَعَ وَرَثَتَكَ أغنياءَ خَيرٌ لهم مِن أن تَدَعَهُم عالَةً يَتَكَفَّفونَ النّاسَ بأَيديهِم، وإِنَّكَ مَهما أنفَقتَ مِن نَفَقَةٍ فإِنَّها صَدَقَةٌ، حَتَّى اللُّقمَةَ تَرفَعُها إلَى في امرأَتِكَ، ولَعَلَّ اللهَ أن يَرفَعَكَ فيَنتَفِعَ بكَ أُناسٌ ويُضَرَّ بكَ آخَرونَ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّمّاكُ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: يَعودُنِي وأَنا مَريضٌ بمَكَّةَ - وهو يَكرَهُ أن يَموتَ بالأرضِ التي هاجَرَ مِنها - فقالَ: \"يَرحَمُكَ اللهُ (^٢) ابنَ عَفراءَ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤)\n\n١٧٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهريِّ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، أن أباه أخبَرَه أنَّه مِرِضَ عامَ الفَتحِ مَرَضًا أشفَى مِنه على المَوتِ، فأَتاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَعودُه وهو بمَكَّةَ. فذَكَر الحديثَ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُخَلَّفُ عن هِجرَتِي؟ قال: \"إنَّكَ لَن تُخَلِّفَ بَعدِي فتَعمَلَ عَمَلًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٧٧٣) من طريق عبيد الله به، وتقدم في (٦٦٤٣، ١٢٦٩٢ - ١٢٦٩٦، ١٥٧٩٣).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله يرحمه الله\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٦٤٣، ١٢٦٩١ - ١٢٦٩٦، ١٥٧٩٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٤٢)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨/. . .).","vol":"18","page":60},{"text":"تُريدُ به وجهَ اللهِ إلَّا ازدَدتَ به رِفعَةً ودَرَجَةً، ولَعَلَّكَ أن تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنتَفِعَ بكَ أقوامٌ ويُضَرَّ بكَ آخَرونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أمضِ لأصحابِي هِجرَتَهُم ولا تَرُدَّهُم على أعقابِهِم، لَكِنِ البائسُ سَعدُ بنُ خَولَةَ\". يَرثِي له أن ماتَ بمَكَّةَ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: يَرثِى له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن ماتَ بمَكَّةَ. قال سفيانُ: وسَعدُ بنُ خَولَةَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَىٍّ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختِيانيِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِميَرِيِّ، عن ثَلاثَةٍ مِن ولَدِ سَعدٍ، كُلُّهُم يُحَدِّثُه عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ على سَعدٍ يَعودُه بمَكَّةَ، فبَكَى، فقالَ: \"ما يُبكيكَ؟ \". قال: قَد خَشيتُ أن أموتَ بالأرضِ التي هاجَرتُ مِنها كما ماتَ سَعدُ بُن خَولَةَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ اشفِ سَعدًا، اللَّهُمَّ اشفِ سَعدًا\". ثَلاثَ مِرارٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٧٦٥)، والشاشي (٨٤) عن زكريا بن يحيى به، وتقدم في (١٢٦٩١، ١٢٦٩٢).\n(^٢) الحميدي (٦٦)، ومن طريقه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ١٩٣.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٣٣)، ومسلم (١٦٢٨/. . .).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٣٥٥) من طريق الثقفي به، وأحمد (١٤٤٠) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"18","page":61},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عبدٍ القارِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عمرٍو القارِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ فخَلَّفَ سَعدًا مَريضًا حَيثُ خَرَجَ إلَى حُنَينٍ، فلَمَّا قَدِمَ عن (^٢) الجِعْرَانَةِ مُعتَمِرًا، دَخَلَ عَلَيه وهو وجِعٌ مَغلوبٌ، فقالَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ لِى مالًا، وإنِّي أُورَثُ كَلالَةً، فأُوصِى بمالِى كُلِّه (^٣) أو أتَصَدَّقُ بهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فأَتَصَدَّقُ بثُلُثَيهِ (^٤)؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فأُوصِى بشَطرِهِ؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فأَتَصدَّقُ بثُلُثِهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، وذاكَ كَثيرٌ\". قال: أي رسولَ اللهِ، أُصيبُ (^٥) بالدَّارِ التي خَرَجتُ مِنها مُهاجِرًا؟ قال: \"إِنِّي لأرجو أن يَرفَعَكَ اللهُ ﷿، وأَن يُكادَ بكَ أقوامٌ ويَنتَفِعَ بكَ آخَرونَ، يا عمرَو بنَ القارِيِّ، إن مات سَعدٌ بَعدِى فههنا ادفِنْه نَحوَ طَريقِ المَدينَةِ\". وأَشارَ بيَدِه هَكَذا (^٦). هذه الرِّوايَةُ توافِقُ رِوايَةَ سُفيانَ في أن ذَلِكَ كان عامَ الفَتحِ (^٧)، وسائرُ الرُّواةِ عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٢٨/ ٨).\n(^٢) في س: \"على\"، وفي م: \"من\".\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) في م: \"بثلثه\".\n(^٥) في ص ٨: \"أصبت\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٨٤) عن عفان به.\n(^٧) تقدم في (١٧٨٣٨ - ١٧٨٤٢).","vol":"18","page":62},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ قالوا فيه: عامَ حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^١). واختُلِفَ في هذه الرِّوايَةِ على ابنِ خُثَيمٍ في اسمِ حَفَدَةِ عمرِو بنِ القارِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ قال: خَلَّفَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - على سَعدٍ رَجُلًا فقالَ: \"إن ماتَ فلا تَدفِنوه بها\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبي بُردَةَ قال: قال [سَعدٌ لِلنَّبِىِّ] (^٤) - ﷺ -: أيُكرَهُ (^٥) للرَّجُلِ أن يَموتَ بالأرضِ التي هاجَرَ مِنها؟ قال: نَعَم\" (^٦). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وكَذَلِكَ ما قَبلَه.\n\n١٧٨٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَفصٍ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ خَشرَمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأسَدِيِّ، عن أبي بُردَةَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٦٦٤٣، ١٢٦٩١ - ١٢٦٩٣).\n(^٢) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٣١١، وأخبار مكة للفاكهى (٢٣٨٣)، ومعجم الصحابة لابن قانع ٢/ ٢٢٠، ٢٢١.\n(^٣) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٣٥)، ومن طريقه الواقدى في المغازى ٣/ ١١١٦ - وعنه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٤٦ - وعبد الرزاق (٦٧٢٩)، والفاكهى في أخبار مكة (٢٣٨٦)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ٢١٠.\n(^٤) في م: \"رسول الله\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"أتكره\".\n(^٦) جزء سفيان بن عيينة (٣٦)، ومن طريقه الواقدى في المغازى ٣/ ١١١٦، وعنه ابن سعد ٣/ ١٤٦.","vol":"18","page":63},{"text":"ابنِ أبي موسَى، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أن يَموتَ بالأرضِ التي يُهاجِرُ مِنها (^١).\n\n١٧٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَيسَرِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ لا تَجعَلْ مَنايانا فيها حَتَّى تُخرِجَنا مِنها\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه وكيعٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ القاسِمُ بنُ أبي صالِحٍ الهَمَذانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِي، عن سُليمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّما النّاسُ كإِبِلٍ مِائَةٍ، لا تَكادُ تَجِدُ فيها راحِلَةً\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يقولُ: يا مَعَشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ، لا تَتَّخِذوا الأموالَ بمَكَّةَ، وأَعِدّوها بدارِ هِجرَتِكُم؛ فإنَّ قَلبَ الرَّجُلِ عِندَ مالِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهي في أخبار مكة (١٥٤٨)، والضياء في المختارة (١٠٧٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٧٦) من طريق عبد الله بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٢٤: سنده صالح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٧٨) عن وكيع به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٥٣: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح خلا محمد بن ربيعة وهو ثقة.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (١٣١٠٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبي أويس به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٤٨٥). وقول عمر =","vol":"18","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3754>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّعَرُّبِ بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ</span>\n\n١٧٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ أبنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ النَّاقِدُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عيسَى الرَّملِيُّ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: آكِلُ الرِّبا، ومُؤكِلُه، وشاهِداه إذا عَلِماه، والواشِمَةُ، والمُؤتَشِمَةُ (^١)، ولاوِى الصَّدَقَةِ، والمُرتَدُّ أعرابيًّا بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ، مَلعونونَ على لِسانِ محمدٍ - ﷺ - (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به يَحيَى بنُ عيسَى هَكَذا.\nورَواه الثَّورِيُّ وغَيرُه عن الأَعْمَشِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ عن (^٣) الحارِثِ [ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (٥).\nورَواه ابنُ نُمَيرٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵁ -] (^٤) (^٥).\n_________\n= أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٢٥)، وفى أمالى الصحابة (١٧٠) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^١) المؤتشمة: هي التي تسأل أن يفعل بها الوشم. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣٨٧، ٣٨٨ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٥٠) من طريق يحيى بن عيسى به.\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٣٠٦).","vol":"18","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3755>بابُ ما جاءَ في الرُّخصَةِ فيه في الفِتنَةِ وما في مَعناها</span>\n\n١٧٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ وداودُ بنُ مِخراقٍ الفارَيابِيُّ قالا: حدثنا [حاتِمُ بنُ] (^١) إسماعيلَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ أنَّه دَخَلَ على الحَجَّاجِ فقالَ: يا ابنَ الأكوَعِ، ارتَدَدتَ على عَقِبَيكَ! تَعَرَّبتَ؟ قال أحَدُهُما: بَعدَ الهِجرَةِ. قال: لا، ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أذِنَ لِى في البَدوِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حاتِمٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: لما قُتِلَ عثمانُ بنُ عَفَّانَ خَرَجَ سَلَمَةُ إلَى الرَّبَذَةِ وتَزَوَّجَ هُناكَ امرأةً، ووُلِدَ له أولادٌ، فلَم يَزَلْ هُناكَ حَتَّى قبلَ أن يَموتَ بلَيالٍ (^٤) فنَزَلَ، يَعنِى المَدينَةَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤١٩٧) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٦٥٠٨) من طريق يزيد به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٠٨٧)، ومسلم (١٨٦٢/ ٨٢).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢١٤ عن قتيبة به. وابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٤/ ١٢٤٢ من طريق حاتم به.\n(^٦) البخاري عقب (٧٠٨٧).","vol":"18","page":66},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3756>بابُ أصلِ فرضِ الجِهادِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تُحِبُّوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٦] مَعَ ما ذُكِرَ فيه فرضُ الجِهادِ مِن سائرِ الآياتِ في القُرآنِ.\n\n١٧٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ المُجاشِعِيِّ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال ذاتَ يَومٍ في خُطبَتِه: \"ألا إنَّ رَبِّى - أو: إنَّ رَبِّى - أمَرَنِى أن أُعَلِّمَكُم ما جَهِلتُم ممَّا عَلَّمَنِى يَومِى هذا\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: \"فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنَّما بَعَثتُكَ لأبتَليَكَ وأَبتَلِىَ بكَ، وأَنزَلتُ عَلَيكَ كِتَابًا لا يَغسِلُه الماءُ (^١)، تَقرؤُه نائمًا ويَقظانًا. وإِنَّ اللَّهَ أمَرَنِى أن أُحْرِقَ قُرَيشًا، فقُلتُ: رَبِّ إذن يَثلَغوا رأسِى فيَدَعُوه خُبزَةً (^٢). فقالَ: استَخرِجْهُم كما أخرَجوكَ، واغزُهُم نُغْزِ بكَ (^٣)، وأَنفِقْ فسَنُنفِقُ عَلَيكَ، وابعَثْ جَيشًا نَبعَثْ خَمسَةَ أمثالِه، وقاتِلْ بمَن أطاعَكَ مَن عَصاكَ\" (^٤). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ\n_________\n(^١) لا يغسله الماء: لا يفنى ولا يدرس. أو: لا ينسى حفظه من الصدور ولو محى كتابه وغسل بالماء. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٨.\n(^٢) أي: يشدخوه ويشجوه كما يشدخ الخبز، أي: يكسر. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٧/ ١٩٨.\n(^٣) في م، ومسلم: \"نغزك\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"نغزيك\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥١٨)، والقضاء والقدر (٥٨٦)، والطيالسى (١١٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٨٤) من طريق هشام به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٤١٧٩) من طريق قتادة =","vol":"18","page":67},{"text":"الدَّستُوائىِّ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ (^١)\n\n١٧٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا صَفوانُ، حدثنا أبو [زيادةَ عن] (^٢) يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ الغَسَّانِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ قُطَيبٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"لَعَلَّكَ أن تَمُرَّ بقَبرِى ومَسجِدِي، قَد بَعَثتُكَ إلَى قَومٍ رَقيقَةٍ قُلوبُهُم، يُقاتِلونَكَ على الحَقِّ مَرَّتَينِ، فقاتِلْ بمَن أطاعَكَ مِنهُم مَن عَصاكَ، ثُمَّ يَغدونَ إلَى الإسلامِ حَتَّى تُبادِرَ المَرأَةُ زَوجَها، والوَلَدُ والِدَه، والأخُ أخاه، فانزِلْ بَينَ الحَيَّينِ؛ السَّكونِ والسَّكاسِكِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الرَّقِّيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ إملاءً ببَغدادَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبي أُنَيسَةَ، عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى العَبدِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n= به. وابن حبان (٦٥٤) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^١) مسلم (٢٨٦٥).\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٧/ ٣٥٢٥، وعند أحمد: \"زياد\" وهو الصواب، وأبو زياد هو يحيى بن عبيد بن زكريا الغسانى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٣٣٠، وتعجيل المنفعة ٢/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٥٣)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٨٩ (١٧١) من طريق أبى المغيرة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١٠/ ٥٥: رجالهما ثقات إلا أن يزيد بن قطيب لم يسمع من معاذ.","vol":"18","page":68},{"text":"ابنَ الخَصاصيَّةِ يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لأُبايِعَه على الإسلامِ فاشتَرَطَ علىَّ (^١): \"تَشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، وتُصَلِّى الخَمسَ، وتَصومُ رَمَضَانَ، وتُؤَدِّى الزَّكاةَ، وتَحُجُّ البَيتَ، وتُجاهِدُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ\". قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أمّا اثنَتانِ فلا أُطيقُهُما، أمّا الزَّكاةُ فما لِي إلَّا عَشرُ ذَودٍ هُنَّ رِسْلُ (^٢) أهلِى وحَمولَتُهُم، وأَمَّا الجِهادُ فيَزعُمونَ أنَّه مَن ولَّى فقَد باءَ بغَضَبٍ مِن اللَّهِ، فأَخافُ إذا حَضَرَنِى قِتالٌ كَرِهتُ المَوتَ وجَشِعَت (^٣) نَفسِى. قال: فقَبَضَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَدَه، ثُمَّ حَرَّكَها، ثُمَّ قال: \"لا صَدَقَةَ ولا جِهادَ، فبِمَ تَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ؟ \". قال: ثُمَّ قُلت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أُبايِعُكَ. فبايَعَنِى عَلَيهِنَّ كُلِّهِنَّ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ.\n\n١٧٨٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شيبانُ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبي شَبيبٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ألا تُحَدِّثُنِى بعَمَلٍ أدخُلُ به الجَنَّةَ؟ قال: \"إن شِئتَ أنبأتُكَ برأسِ الأمرِ وعَمودِه وذُروَةِ سَنامِه؛ أمَّا رأسُ الأمرِ فالإِسلامُ، مَن أسلَمَ سلِمَ، وأَمَّا عَمودُه فالصَّلاةُ، وأَمّا ذُروَةُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) الرسل: اللبن. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٥٥.\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م، والمهذب ٧/ ٣٥٢٦: \"خشعت\". وجشعت: جزعت. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٣١، والحاكم ٢/ ٧٩، ٨٠ وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٠٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمرو به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١/ ٤٢: رجال أحمد موثقون.","vol":"18","page":69},{"text":"سَنامِه فالجِهادُ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"جاهِدوا - يَعنِى المُشرِكينَ - بأَموالِكُم وأَنفُسِكُم وأَلسِنَتِكُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكُم بالجِهادِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ؛ فإنَّه بابٌ مِن أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ، يُذهِبُ اللهُ به الغَمَّ والهَمَّ\" (^٣).\nوزادَ فيه غَيرُه أنَّه قال: \"وجاهِدوا في اللَّهِ القَريبَ والبَعيدَ، وأَقيموا حُدودَ اللَّهِ في القَريبِ والبَعيدِ، ولا يأخُذْكُم في اللَّهِ لَومَةُ لائمٍ\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى (١٣٦٦)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ١٤٢ (٢٩١)، والدارقطني في العلل ٦/ ٧٦، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣٧٦، ٣٧٧ من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥١٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٠٤) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (١٢٢٤٦)، والنسائي (٣٠٩٦) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧١٩) عن معاوية بن عمرو به. وابن حبان (٤٨٥٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٧٢: أحد أسانيد أحمد وغيره ثقات.","vol":"18","page":70},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن الحارِثِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الكِندِىِّ عن عُبادَةَ بن الصَّامِتِ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا صَفوانُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: جَلَسنا إلَى المِقدادِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بدِمَشقَ وهو على تابوتٍ ما به عنه فضلٌ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: لَو قَعَدتَ العامَ عن الغَزوِ؟ قال: أبَت (^٢) عَلَينا البُحوثُ - يَعنِى سورَةَ \"التَّوبَةِ\" - قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ [التوبة: ٤١] فلا أجِدُنِى إلَّا خَفيفًا (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنِي حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ وثابِتٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أن أبا طَلحَةَ قرأَ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ قال: أرَى رَبَّنا يَستَنفِرُنا شُيوخًا وشُبّانًا، جَهِّزونِي، أي بَنِيَّ، جَهِّزونِى. فقالَ بَنوه: قَد شَهِدتَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَبِى بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ -، فنَحنُ نَغزو. فقالَ: جَهِّزونِى. فرَكِبَ البحرَ فماتَ، فلَم يَجِدوا له جَزيرَةً إلَّا بَعدَ سَبعَةِ أيَّامٍ، فدَفَنوه فيها ولَم يَتَغَيَّرْ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٨٢٦٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"أتت\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٣٣ وقال: صحيح الإسناد، وعبد الله بن المبارك في الجهاد (١٠٣).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٨٥٦).","vol":"18","page":71},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3757>بابُ مَن لا يَجِبُ عَلَيه الجِهادُ</span>\n\n١٧٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - قالَت: استأذَنتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في الجِهادِ فقالَ: \"جِهادُكنَّ - أو: حَسبُكُنَّ - الحَجُّ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ النجارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قالَت: استأذَنتُه في الجِهادِ فقالَ: \"حَسبُكُنَّ الحَجُّ. أو: جِهادُكُنَّ الحَجُّ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو القاسِمِ ابنُ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ - ﵂ - بنَحوٍ مِن هَذا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٦٩٢ - ٨٦٩٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٧٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٠). وتقدم في (٨٦٩٤).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٦٩٢ - ٨٦٩٤).","vol":"18","page":72},{"text":"عن قَبيصَةَ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا (^١).\n\n١٧٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى مَحمودٌ الواسِطِيُّ لَفظُه والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا وهبٌ، أخبرَنا خالِدٌ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ بنتِ طَلحَةَ، عن عائشةَ أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ قالَت: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ نَرَى الجِهادَ أفضلَ العَمَلِ، أفَلا نُجَاهِدُ مَعَكَ؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكُنَّ أفضَلُ الجِهادِ؛ حَجٌّ مَبرورٌ\". وكانَت عائشَةُ خالَتَها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المُبارَكِ عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أيَغزو الرِّجالُ ولا نَغزو؟ [ولا نُقاتِلُ] (^٤) فنُستَشهَدَ، وإِنَّما لَنا نِصفُ الميراثِ. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ (^٥) [النساء: ٣٢].\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٧١٧)، وابن منده في الإيمان (٢٢٩) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٥٢٠).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٥، ٣٠٦ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد على شرط الشيخين إن كان سمع مجاهد من أم سلمة. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٣٦)، والترمذي (٣٠٢٢) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذي: مرسل.","vol":"18","page":73},{"text":"١٧٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُرَيشٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عَرَضَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ في القِتالِ وأَنا ابنُ أربَعَ عَشْرَةَ فلَم يُجِزْنِى، وعَرَضَنِى يَومَ الخَندَقِ وأَنا ابنُ خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فأَجازَنِى. قال نافِعٌ: فقَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وهو يَومَئذٍ خَليفَةٌ، فحَدَّثتُه بهَذا الحديثِ فقالَ: إنَّ هذا لَحَدٌّ بَينَ الصَّغيرِ والكَبيرِ. وكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَّالِه أن يَفرِضوا لِمَن كان ابنَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ سنةً، وما كان دونَ ذَلِكَ فاجعَلوه في العيالِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، [عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: استُصغِرتُ أنا وابنُ عُمَرَ يَومَ بَدرٍ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن شُعبَةَ] (^٣) (^٥).\n\n١٧٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٦٤٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٤٣) من طريق ابن نمير به. وتقدم في (٥١٥٣، ١١٤٠٧، ١٣١٣٦، ١٧٢٩١، ١٧٢٩٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٦٨/ ٩١)، والبخاري (٢٦٦٤، ٤٠٩٧).\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٣٣) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٩٥٥).","vol":"18","page":74},{"text":"ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: عُرِضتُ يَومَ الخَندَقِ أنا ورافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنا وهو ابنا خَمسَ عَشْرَةَ سنةً فقَبِلَنا (^١).\n\n١٧٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ (^٢) بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبَّانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي عَتّابٍ الأعيَنُ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ أبو سلمةَ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عَمِّى عمرُو بنُ زَيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبى زَيدُ بنُ جاريَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - استَصغَرَ ناسًا يَومَ أُحُدٍ؛ مِنهُم زَيدُ بنُ جاريَةَ - يَعنِى نَفسَه - والبَراءُ بنُ عازِبٍ، وزَيدُ بنُ أرقَمَ، وسَعدٌ أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ. وذَكَرَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٣). كَذا في كِتابِى: عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ. ورأيتُه في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: ابنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المروزي في السنة (١٥٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسن\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٤٩٩.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٩ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٠٠٦) من طريق ابن أبي عتاب به. والبخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ١٨٩، ١٩٠، والمروزى في السنة (١٤٥)، والطبراني (٤٩٦٢) من طريق أبى سلمة. وعند الحاكم والطبراني: حارثة. بدلًا من: جارية. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٠٨: فيه من لم أعرفه.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٥١٥٠) من طريق ابن أبي عتاب به.","vol":"18","page":75},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: أتَت بى أُمِّى فقَدِمَتِ المَدينَةَ، فخَطَبَها النّاسُ فقالَت: لا أتَزَوَّجُ إلَّا برَجُلٍ يَكفُلُ لِى هذا اليَتيمَ. فتَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَعرِضُ غِلمانَ الأنصارِ في كُلِّ عامٍ، فيُلحِقُ مَن أدرَكَ مِنهُم. قال: وعُرِضتُ عامًا فأَلحَقَ غُلامًا ورَدَّنِى، فقُلتُ: يا رسول اللَّهِ، لَقَد ألحَقتَه ورَدَدتَنِي، ولَو صارَعتُه لَصَرَعتُه. قال: \"فصارِعْه\". فصارَعتُه فصَرَعتُه، فأَلحَقَنِى (^١).\n\n١٧٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا حاتِمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ إسماعيلَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ، أن نَجدَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسألُه عن خِلالٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ ناسًا يَقولونَ: إنَّ ابنَ عباسٍ يُكاتِبُ الحَروريَّةَ. ولَولا أنِّى أخافُ أن أكتُمَ عِلمًا لَم أكتُبْ إلَيه. فكَتَبَ نَجدَةُ إلَيه: أمَّا بَعدُ، فأَخبِرْنِى هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَغزو بالنِّساءِ؟ وهَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَضرِبُ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ؟ وهَل كان يَقتُلُ الصِّبيانَ؟ ومَتَى يَنقَضِى يُتمُ اليَتيمِ؟ وعن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٦٠ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني (٦٧٤٩) من طريق إبراهيم الهروى به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢١٩، والرويانى (٨٥٦)، والبغوى في معجم الصحابة (١١٣٥)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٣٥٩٣) من طريق هشيم به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٢٨: إسناده جيد إن كان جعفر لقى سمرة.","vol":"18","page":76},{"text":"الخُمُسِ لِمَن هوَ؟ فكَتَبَ إلَيه ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّكَ كَتَبتَ تَسأَلُنِى: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَغزو بالنِّساءِ؟ وقَد كان يَغزو بهِنَّ، يُداوِينَ المَرضَى، ويُحذَينَ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ، وأَمّا السَّهمُ فلَم يَضرِبْ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ، وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقتُلِ الوِلدانَ، فلا تَقتُلْهُم إلَّا أن تَكونَ تَعلَمُ مِنهُم ما عَلِمَ الخَضِرُ مِنَ الصَّبِىِّ الَّذِى قَتَلَ، فتُمَيِّزَ بَينَ المُؤمِنِ والكافِرِ، فتَقتُلَ الكافِرَ وتَدَعَ المُؤمِنَ، وكَتَبتَ: مَتَى يَنقَضِى يُتمُ اليَتيمِ؟ ولَعَمرِى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَتَنبُتُ (^١) لحيَتُه وإِنَّه لَضَعيفُ الأخذِ ضعيفُ الإعطاءِ، فإِذا أخَذَ لِنَفسِه مِن صالِحِ ما يأخُذُ النّاسُ فقَد ذَهَبَ عنه اليُتمُ، وكَتَبتَ تَسأَلُنِى عن الخُمسِ، وإِنّا كُنّا نَقولُ: هو لَنا. فأَبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَينا قَومُنا فصَبَرنا عَلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\nوروّينا في حَديثِ قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في هذا الحديثِ: وأَمّا النِّساءُ والعَبيدُ فلَم يَكُنْ لَهُم شَئٌ مَعلومٌ إذا حَضَروا البأسَ، ولَكِن يُحذَوْنَ مِن غَنائمِ القَومِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، والمهذب ٧/ ٣٥٢٩: \"لتشيب\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٠٦)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٥٧. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥٥٦) من طريق حاتم به مقتصرًا على ذكر النساء. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٤٠٤، ١١٤٠٥، ١٣٠٩٦ - ١٣٠٩٨)، وسيأتي في (١٧٩٠٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٨).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٠٤٢)، وسيأتي في (١٨٠٢٣).","vol":"18","page":77},{"text":"العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى الأنطاكِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان في بَعضِ مَغازيه، فمَرَّ بأُناسٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ، فاتَّبَعَه عبدٌ لامرأةٍ مِنهُم، فلَمَّا كان في بَعضِ الطَّريقِ سَلَّمَ عَلَيه قال: \"فُلانٌ؟ \". قالَ: نَعَم. قال: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: أُجاهِدُ مَعَكَ. قال: \"أذِنَت لَكَ سَيِّدَتُكَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"ارجِعْ إلَيها؛ فإِنَّ مَثلَكَ مَثَلُ عبدٍ لا يُصَلِّى إن مِتَّ قبلَ أن تَرجِعَ إلَيها، واقرأْ ﵍\". فرَجَعَ إلَيها فأَخبَرَها الخَبَرَ فقالَت: آللهِ هو أمَرَ أن تَقرأَ عليَّ السَّلامَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قالَت: ارجِعْ فجاهِدْ مَعَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3758>بابُ مَن له عُذرٌ بالضَّعفِ والمَرَضِ والزَّمانَةِ (^٢) والعُذرِ في تَركِ الجِهادِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎ في الجِهادِ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآياتِ الثَّلاثِ [التوبة: ٩١ - ٩٣].\n\n١٧٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٨ وصححه. وأخرجه الحارث (٦٦٠ - بغية) - ومن طريقه الخطيب في المتفق والمفترق (٧٨٩) - من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الزمانة: الكساح في اليدين والرجلين، وأكثر ما يستعمل في الرجلين. المحكم ٣/ ٣٦. ينظر التاج ٣٥/ ١٥٣ (ز م ن).","vol":"18","page":78},{"text":"أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ بنِ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"جِهادُ الكَبيرِ والضَّعيفِ والمَرأَةِ الحَجُّ والعُمرَةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ أبو عُمَرَ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: لما نَزَلَت: (لا يَسْتَوى القاعِدُون مِن المؤمنين والمجاهِدُون في سبيلِ اللهِ) الآيَة أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - زَيدًا فكَتَبَها، فجاءَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ فشَكا ضَرارَتَه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ (^٢) [النساء: ٩٥]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٢٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٨٥)، وابن حبان (٤٢) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (١٦٧٠، ٣٠٣١)، والنسائي (٣١٠١، ٣١٠٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق به بنحوه.\n(^٣) من هنا خرم في المخطوطة (س) وينتهى عند حديث رقم (١٧٩٢١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٩٣)، ومسلم (١٨٩٨/ ١٤١).","vol":"18","page":79},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلْوانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ القِطْرِيُّ (^١)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىِّ قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ، فإِذا مَرْوانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ جالِسٌ فجَلَستُ إلَيه فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فنَزَلَت: (لا يَسْتَوِى القاعِدُون من المؤمنين والمجاهِدُون في سبيلِ اللهِ). قال: فجاءَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ وأَنا أكتُبُها فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد تَرَى ما بعَينَيَّ مِنَ الضَّرَرِ، ولَو أستَطيعُ الجِهادَ لَجاهَدتُ. قالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: فثَقُلَت فخِذُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على فخِذِى حَتَّى همَمْتُ (^٢) أن تَرُضَّها (^٣)، ثُمَّ سُرِّىَ عنه، فقالَ لِى: \"اكتُبْ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ﴾ \" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ القِطرِيِّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n١٧٨٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"القنطرى\". وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٥٢٢، ٥٢٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"همت\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: ويحتمل أن يكون المعنى: حتى هممت أن أصبر لأن ترضها، والله أعلم\" اهـ. وفي حاشية نسخة خطية من المهذب كما في مطبوعته ٧/ ٣٥٣٠: \"أي: هممت أسلها خشية أن ترضها\".\n(^٣) أي: تدقها. فتح الباري ٨/ ٢٦١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٠٢)، والترمذي (٣٠٣٣)، والنسائي (٣١٠٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٣٢، ٤٥٩٢).","vol":"18","page":80},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الزِّنادِ، أن خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، أن السَّكينَةَ غَشِيَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. قال زَيدٌ: وأَنا إلَى جَنبِه، فوَقَعَت فخِذُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على فخِذِي، فما وجَدتُ شَيئًا أثقَلَ مِن فخِذِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ سُرِّىَ عنه فقالَ: \"اكتُبْ: (لا يَسْتَوِى القاعِدُون من المؤمنين والمجاهِدُون في سبيلِ اللهِ بأموالهم وأنفسِهم) \". الآيَة كُلّها. قال زَيدٌ: فكَتَبتُ ذَلِكَ في كَتِفٍ (^١)، فقامَ ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ - وكانَ رَجُلًا أعمَى - حينَ سَمِعَ فضيلَةَ المُجاهِدينَ على القاعِدينَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كَيفَ بمَن لا يَستَطيعُ الجِهادَ مَعَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: فما قَضَى ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ كَلامَه - أو: ما هو إلَّا أن فصَلَ (^٢) كَلامَه - فغَشِيَت رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - السَّكينَةُ، فوَقَعَت فخِذُه علَى فخِذِي، فوَجَدتُ مِن ثِقَلِها المَرَّةَ مِثلَما وجَدتُ مِن ثِقَلِها في المَرَّةِ الأولَى، ثُمَّ سُرِّىَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اقرأْ\". فقَرأتُ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ قال زَيدٌ: فأَلحَقتُها، وكانَ مَلحَقَتُها (^٣) عِندَ صَدعٍ في الكَتِفِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الكتف: عظم عريض يكون في أصل كتف الحيوان من الناس والدواب، كانوا يكتبون فيه لقلة القراطيس عندهم. النهاية ٤/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"قضى\".\n(^٣) في م: \"ملحقها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٦٤، ٢١٦٦٥)، وأبو داود (٢٥٠٧) من طريق ابن أبي الزناد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٨٨).\nوفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: يشبه أن يكون تأخر نزول قوله ﷿: ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾. حتى =","vol":"18","page":81},{"text":"١٧٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، عن أبي عَقيلٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾. قال: هُم أولو الضَّرَرِ؛ قَومٌ كانوا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لا يَغزونَ مَعَه، كانَت تَحبِسُهُم أوجاعٌ وأَمْراضٌ، وآخَرونَ أصحَّاءُ، فكانَ المَرضَى أعذَرَ مِنَ الأصحَّاءِ (^١).\n\n١٧٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أسفارِه: \"إنَّ بالمدينَةِ لَرِجالًا ما سِرنا مَسيرًا ولا قَطعْنا واديًا إلَّا كانوا معنا فيه، حَبَسَهُمُ المرَضُ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n_________\n= قال ابن أم مكتوم ما قال؛ لإرادة الله سبحانه إظهار فضيلة ابن أم مكتوم وعلو مرتبته عنده، إذا جعل نزول ذلك لسببه ومن أجله، وكان سؤاله سببًا لبيان ما تضمنه الاستثناء لحد الضرر\".\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٤/ ١٤٧ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. والطبراني (١٢٧٧٥) من طريق أبى عقيل به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٧/ ٩: رواه الطبراني من طريقين ورجال أحدهما ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٦٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وأحمد (١٤٢٠٨) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩١١) عقب (١٥٩).","vol":"18","page":82},{"text":"١٧٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمَّادٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَقَد تَرَكتُم بالمَدينَةِ أقوامًا، ما سِرتُم مَسيرًا، ولا أنفَقتُم مِن نَفَقَةٍ، [ولا قَطَعتُم مِن وادٍ] (^١)، إلَّا وهُم مَعَكُم فيه\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وكَيفَ يَكونونَ معنا وهُم بالمَدينَةِ؟ قال: \"حَبَسَهُمُ العُذرُ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زُهَيرٍ وحَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن حُمَيدٍ عن أنَسٍ، ثُمَّ قال: وقالَ موسَى: عن حَمَّادٍ يَعنِى ابنَ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي والِدِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن أشياخٍ مِن بَنِى سلِمةَ قالوا: كان عمرُو بنُ الجَموحِ أعرَجَ شَديدَ العَرَجِ، وكانَ له أربَعَةٌ بَنونَ شَبابٌ يَغزونَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا غَزا، فلَمَّا أرادَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتَوَجَّهُ إلَى أُحُدٍ قال له بَنوه: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد جَعَلَ لَكَ رُخصَةً، فلَو قَعَدتَ فنَحنُ نكفيكَ، فقَد وضَعَ اللهُ عَنكَ الجِهادَ؟ فأَتَى عمرُو بنُ الجَموحِ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ بَنِيَّ هَؤُلاءِ يَمنَعونِى أن أخرُجَ مَعَكَ، واللهِ إنِّي لأرجو أن\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٥٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٢٩، ١٣٢٣٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٣٨، ٢٨٣٩).","vol":"18","page":83},{"text":"أُسْتَشهَدَ فأَطأَ بعُرجَتِى هذه في الجَنَّةِ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمَّا أنتَ فقَد وضَعَ اللهُ عَنكَ الجِهادَ\". وقالَ لِبَنيه: \"وما عَلَيكُم أن تَدعوه؟ لَعَلَّ اللهَ ﷿ يَرزُقُه الشَّهادَةَ\". فخَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقُتِلَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ شَهيدًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3759>بابُ الرَّجُلِ لا يَجِدُ ما يُنفِقُ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ﴾ [التوبة: ٩١].\n\n١٧٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَر، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَولا أن أشُقَّ على المُؤمِنينَ ما قَعَدتُ خَلفَ سَريَّةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ولَكِن لا أجِدُ سَعَةً فأَحمِلَهُم، ولا يَجِدونَ سَعَةً فيتَّبِعونِي، ولا تَطيبُ أنفُسُهُم أن يَقعُدوا بَعدِى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٤٥، ٢٤٦، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٩٠، ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٠٠٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٨)، وفى الشعب (٤٢٣٧)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٦٩٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٥٢٩)، وعنه أحمد (٨١٣١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٦).","vol":"18","page":84},{"text":"الأزرَقُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن وهبِ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"كَفَى بالمرءِ إثمًا أن يُضَيِّعَ مَن يَقوتُ\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا رِيَاحُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ جُلوسٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذ طَلَعَ عَلَينا شابٌّ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ، فلَمّا رأيناه بأَبصارِنا قُلنا: لَو أن هذا الشَّابَّ جَعَلَ شَبابَه ونَشاطَه وقوَّتَه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ! قال: فسَمِعَ مَقالَتَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، قال: \"وما سَبيلُ اللَّهِ إلَّا مَن قُتِلَ؟ مَن سعَى على والِدَيه ففِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ومَن سعَى على عيالِه ففِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ومَن سعَى على نَفسِه ليُعِفَّها ففِى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ومَن سعَى على التَّكاثُرِ فهو في سبيلِ الشَّيطانِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3760>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَكونُ عَلَيه دَينٌ فلا يَغزو إلَّا بإِذنِ أهلِ الدَّينِ</span>\n\n١٧٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفَقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكَرمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٥٣، ٢٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٩٥)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩١٧٧)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤٠) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (١٥٧٩١). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٤٨٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٣٧٧). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٢١٤) - وعنه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٦/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧ - من طريق أحمد بن عبد الله به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٣٣: سمعه أحمد بن يونس منه، وهو حديث غريب، قال أبو داود: رياح رجل سوء.","vol":"18","page":85},{"text":"أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِي، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إن قُتِلتُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنِّي خَطايايَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن قُتِلتَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ صابِرًا مُحتَسِبًا، مُقبِلًا غَيرَ مُدبِر، كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنكَ خَطاياكَ\". فلَمّا جَلَسَ دَعاه فقالَ: \"كَيفَ قُلتَ؟ \". فأَعادَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"إلّا الدَّينَ، كَذَلِكَ أخبرَنِي جِبريلُ ﵇\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، عن عَياشِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن الحُبُلِي، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"القَتلُ في سَبيلِ الله يُكَفِّرُ كُل شَئ إلَّا الدينَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَرب عن المُقرِئ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى حَديثُ أبي هريرةَ عن النبِي - ﷺ -: \"نَفسُ المُؤمِنِ مُعَلَّقةٌ بدينه حتَّى يُقضَى عنه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٠٦٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٨٥) عقب (١١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٥١) من طريق عياش به، بلفظ: يغفر للشهيد كل ذنب إلا الدين.\n(^٤) في م: \"المقبرى\". والحديث عند مسلم (١٨٨٦/ ١٢٠).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧١٨٠، ٧١٨١، ١١٣٧٦، ١١٥٢١، ١١٥٢٢).","vol":"18","page":86},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3761>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَكونُ له أبَوانِ مُسلِمانِ أو أحَدُهُما فلا يَغزو إلَّا بإِذنِهِ </span>(^١)\n\n١٧٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ بالبَصرَة، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بن أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ الشّاعِرَ، وكانَ لا يُتَّهَمُ في حَديثِه، قال: سمِعتُ عبدَ الله بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ يقولُ: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى النَّبِي - ﷺ - فاستأذنَه في الجِهاد، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحَيٌّ والِداكَ؟ \". قال: نَمَ. قال: \"ففيهِما فجاهِدْ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجه آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو إسحاق الفَزارِي، عن الأعمَش، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن أبي العباس، عن عبد الله بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي أُريدُ الجِهادَ. قال: \"أحَيٌّ أبَواكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"ارجِعْ إلَيهِما؛ فإِن فيهِما\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بإذن أهله\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٦٥)، والترمذي (١٦٧١)، والنسائي (٣١٠٣)، وابن حبان (٣١٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٠٤)، ومسلم (٢٥٤٩/ ٥).","vol":"18","page":87},{"text":"لمُجاهَدًا (^١) \". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أصبَغُ بن الفَرَج، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَني عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، أن ناعِمًا مَولَى أُمَّ سلمةَ حَدَّثه أن عبدَ الله بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ إلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: أُبايِعُكَ على الهِجرَةِ أوِ الجِهاد، أبتَغِي الأجرَ مِنَ اللهِ. قال: \"فهَل مِن والِدَيكَ أحَدٌ حَيٌّ؟ \". قال: نَعَم، بَل كِلاهُما. قال: \"فتَبتَغِي الأجرَ مِنَ اللهِ؟ \". قال: نَعم. قال: \"فارجِعْ إلَى والِدَيكَ فأَحسِنْ صُحبتهُما\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن راشِدٍ التَّمّارُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السائب، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله بنِ عمرٍو قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ: جِئتُ أُبايِعُكَ على\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"المجاهد\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٤٤)، والبخاري (٥٩٧٢)، وأبو داود (٢٥٢٩)، والترمذي (١٦٧١)، وابن حبان (٤٢٠) من طريق حبيب به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٤٩/ ٦).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٢٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٢٥) من طريق يزيد بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٤٩/ ٦/ ...).","vol":"18","page":88},{"text":"الهجرَةِ وتَرَكتُ أبَوَيَّ يَبكيانِ. فقالَ: \"ارجِعْ فأَضحِكْهُما كما أبكيتَهما\" (^١).\n\n١٧٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن دراجٍ أبي السَّمح، عن أبي الهَيثَم، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، أن رَجُلًا هاجَرَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - من اليَمَنِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي قَد هاجَرتُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد هَجَرتَ الشِّركَ، ولَكِنَّه الجِهادُ، هَل لَكَ أحَدٌ باليَمَنِ؟ \". قال: أبَوَاي (^٢). قال: \"أذِنا لَكَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فارجِعْ فاستأذِنْهُما، فإن أذِنا لَكَ فجاهِدْ، وإِلَّا فبرَّهُما\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاج، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني محمدُ بن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبد الله بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٢٨) عن محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٦٨٦٩)، وابن حبان (٤١٩) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٤١٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٨٢) من طريق عطاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٠٥).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"أبوى\". وضبب عليها.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٣، ١٠٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٣٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١١٧٢١) من طريق دراج أبي السمح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٠٧).","vol":"18","page":89},{"text":"عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه طَلحَةَ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ جاهِمَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ، أن جاهِمَةَ جاءَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أرَدتُ أن أغزوَ، وقَد جِئتُكَ أستَشيرُكَ. فقالَ: \"هَل لَكَ مِن أُمٍّ؟ \". قال: نعم. قال: \"فالزَمْها، فإِنَّ الجَنَّةَ عِند رِجلَيها\". ثُمَّ الثّانيَةَ، ثُمَّ الثّالِثَةَ، في مَقاعِدَ شَتَّى، فكَمِثلِ هذا القَولِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الصَّغانِيِّ.\n\n١٧٨٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: نَزَلَت فيَّ أربَعُ آياتٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه قال: فقالَت أُمُ سَعدٍ: ألَيسَ قَد أمَرَ اللهُ ببِرِّ الوالِدَة، فواللهِ لا أطعَمُ طَعامًا ولا أشرَب شَرابًا حَتَّى تكفُرَ أو أموتَ. فكانوا إذا أرادوا أن يُطعِموها أو يَسقوها شَجَروا فاها بعَصًا، ثُمَّ أوجَروها (^٢) الطَّعامَ والشَرابَ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا﴾ [العنكبوت: ٨] ﴿وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا﴾ (^٣) [لقمان: ١٥]. أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٨٣٣). وأخرجه النسائيُّ (٣١٠٤)، وابن ماجه عقب (٢٧٨١) من طريق حجاج به بنحوه. وأحمد (١٥٥٣٨) من طريق ابن جريج به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٢٢٤١).\n(^٢) أي: صبوا الطَّعام في فمها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (١٣). وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٦٩٦، ١٢٨٣٦، ١٧٤٠٢).\n(^٤) مسلم ٤/ ١٨٧٨ (١٧٤٨/ ٤٤).","vol":"18","page":90},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3762>بابٌ: المُسلِمُ يَتَوَفَّى في الحَربِ قَتلَ أبيه، ولَو قَتَلَه لَم يَكنْ به بأسٌ</span>\n\n١٧٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن زُرارَةَ، حدثنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عثمانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيّ، عن أبيه، عن حُصَينِ بنِ وحوَحٍ، أن طَلحَةَ بنَ البَراءِ لما لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: يا نَبِيَّ الله، مُرْنِي بما أحبَبتَ، ولا أعصِي لَكَ أمرًا. قال: فعَجِبَ لِذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وهو غُلامٌ، فقالَ له عِندَ ذَلِكَ: \"فاقتُل أباكَ\". قال: فخَرَجَ موَلّيًا ليَفعَلَ، فدَعاه قال: \"إنِّي لَم أُبعَثْ لِقَطيعَةِ (^١) رَحِمٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أسَدُ بن موسَى، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بن رَبيعَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ شَوذَبٍ قال: جَعَلَ أبو أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ يَنصبُ الآلِهَةَ لأبِي عُبَيدَةَ [يَومَ بَدرٍ، وجَعَلَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ] (^٣) يَحيدُ عنه، فلَمّا كَثَّرَ (^٤) الجَرّاحُ قَصَدَه أبو عُبَيدَةَ فقَتَلَه، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيه هذه الآيَةَ حينَ قَتَلَ أباه ﴿لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"بقطيعة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٥٥٤)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٢٢٢٠) من طريق عمرو بن زرارة به مطولًا. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٣/ ٣٧: إسناده حسن.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"أكثر\".","vol":"18","page":91},{"text":"كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَو أَبْنَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المجادلة: ٢٢] إلَى آخِرِها (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٧٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سُمَيعٍ الحَنَفِيِّ، عن مالكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ - وكانَ قَد أدرَكَ الجاهِليةَ - قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي لَقِيتُ العَدو ولَقِيتُ أبي فيهِم، فسَمِعَتُ لَكَ مِنه مَقالَةً قَبيحَةً، فلَم أصبِرْ حتَّى طَعَنتُه بالرمحِ، أو حتَّى قَتَلتُه. فسَكَتَ عنه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ جاءَه آخَرُ فقالَ: إنِّي لَقِيتُ أبي فتَرَكتُه وأَحبَبتُ أن يَليَه غَيرِي. فسَكَتَ عَنه (^٢). وهَذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3763>بابُ ما جاءَ في كراهيَةِ أخذِ الجَعائلِ (^٣)، وما جاءَ في الرُّخصَةِ فيه مِنَ السُّلطانِ</span>\n\n١٧٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن موسَى الرازِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن حَربٍ. قال أبو داودَ: وحَدَّثَنا عمرُو بن عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن حَربٍ - المَعنَى وأنا لِحَديثِه أتقَنُ - من أبي سلمةَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جابِرٍ الطّائيِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٦٤، ٢٦٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٥/ ٤٤٦ من طريق المصنف به. والطبراني (٣٦٠) - وعنه أبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ١٠١ - من طريق أسد به. وقال ابن حجر في التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٢٧٣: وهذا معضل وكان الواقدي ينكره ويقول: مات والد أبي عبيدة قبل الإسلام.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٣١)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٤٣. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٢٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن سميع به.\n(^٣) الجعائل: جمع جعيلة، وهو ما يجعله القاعد لمن يخرج عنه مجاهدًا. هدي الساري ص ٩٨.","vol":"18","page":92},{"text":"ابنِ أخِي أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أبي أيّوبَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"سَتُفتَحُ علَيكُمُ الأمصارُ، وسَتَكونُ جُنودٌ مُجَنَّدَةٌ، يُقطَعُ عَلَيكُم فيها بُعوثٌ (^١)، يَتَكَرَّهُ الرَّجُلُ مِنكُمُ البَعثَ فيها، فيتَخَلَّصُ من قَومِه، ثُمَّ يَتَصفَّحُ القَبائلَ يَعرِضُ نَفسَه عَلَيهِم يقولُ: من أكفِه بَعثَ كَذا، من أكفِه بَعثَ كَذا. ألا وذَلِكَ الأجيرُ إلَى آخِرِ قَطرَةٍ من دَمِه\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بن عمرٍو العِراقِي، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيرُ بن عَدِيٍّ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ العَيزارِ الأسَدِيِّ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن الجَعائلِ فقالَ: لَم أكُنْ لأرتَشِيَ إلَّا ما رَشانِي اللهُ ﷿. وسأَلتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ فقالَ: تَركُها أفضَلُ، فإِن أخَذتَها فأَنفِقْها في سَبيلِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ الأعجَمِ قال: سأَلَ رَجُلٌ ابنَ عباسٍ\n_________\n(^١) يَقْطَعُ بعثا: أي: يميز جيشًا ويعين جماعة يبعثهم للحرب أو في أمر من الأمور. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٩٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٥٢٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٠٠) من طريق محمد بن حرب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٦٠)، ومن طريقه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ١٧١، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٥٨)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٤٦، ٢٤٧ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":93},{"text":"عن الجُعلِ قال: إذا جَعَلتَه في سِلاحٍ أو كُراعٍ فلا بأسَ به، وإِذا جَعَلتَه في الرقيقِ فلا (^١).\nورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال: كانوا أن يُعطُوا أحَبَّ إلَيهِم مَن أن يأخُذوا. يَعني في الجَعائلِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٨٩٨ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَثَلُ الَّذينَ يَغزُونَ مِن أُمَّتِي ويأخُذونَ الجُعلَ يَتَقَوَّونَ على عَدوِّهِم، مَثَلُ أُمِّ موسَى؛ تُرضِعُ ولَدَها وتأخُذُ أجرَها\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3764>بابُ ما جاءَ في تَجهيزِ الغازِي وأَجرِ الجاعِلِ</span>\n\n١٧٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زكريا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّي، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن كامِلٍ القاضِي ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٥٩)، وابن حبان في الثقات ٥/ ٦٦ من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٦١) عن الثوري به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٩٤٦٢).\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٣٢)، وسنن سعيد بن منصور (٢٣٦١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٦٣)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٤٧١) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.","vol":"18","page":94},{"text":"الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن عمرِو بنِ أبي الحَجّاجِ أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِث، حدثنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنِي بُسرُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيدُ بن خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيُّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد غَزا، ومَن خَلَفَه في أهلِه بخَيرٍ فقَد غَزا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد الوارِث، وحَديثُ رَوحٍ مِثلُه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عَن. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي (^٢) الرَّبيعِ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ عن حُسَينٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عَفانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، من أنَسٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنِّي أُريدُ الجِهادَ ولَيسَ مَعِي ما أتَجَهَّزُ به. فقالَ: \"إنَّ فُلانًا قَد تَجَهَّزَ ثمَّ مَرِض، فاذهَبْ إلَيه فقُلْ: إنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يُقرِئُكَ السَّلامَ، ويأمُرُكَ أن تُعطيَني ما أتَجَهَّزُ به\". فأَتاه] [فقالَ له] (^٤)، فقالَ لامرأتِه: انظُرِي أن تُعطيْه ما جَهَّزتينِي به، ولا تَحبِسِي مِنه شَيئًا فيُبارِكَ اللهُ لَكِ فيهِ (^٥). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٤٥) عن روح به. والترمذي (١٦٢٨)، والنسائي (٣١٨١) من طريق يحيى به. وسيأتي في (١٧٩٩٧، ١٨٦١٠).\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل، م.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٤٣)، ومسلم (١٨٩٥/ ١٣٦).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١٦٠) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٧٨٠) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"18","page":95},{"text":"أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن أبي عمرٍو الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّه أُبدِعَ بي فاحمِلْنِي. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ عِندِي\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: ألا أدُلُّكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ على مَن يَحمِلُهُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن دَلَّ على خَيرٍ فلَه مِثْلُ أجرِ فاعِلِه\". قال أبو عبد اللهِ رِوايَتِه: قال أبو مُعاويَةَ: أُبدِعَ بي. يقولُ: قُطِعَ بي (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي معاوية (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن المُؤَمَّل، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ. فذَكَرَه إلا أنَّه قال: فقالَ: \"ما أجِدُ ما أحمِلُكَ، ولَكِنِ ائتِ فُلانًا\". فأَتاه فحَمَلَه، فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَه فقالَ: \"مَن دَلَّ على خَيرٍ فلَه مِثلُ أجرِ فاعِلِه\" (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٩٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٦٦٨) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وأبو داود (٥١٢٩)، والترمذي (٢٦٧١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٩٣/ ١٣٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٨٤) عن يعلى به.","vol":"18","page":96},{"text":"عبدُ الله بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن رُمحٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن حَيوَةَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ الكِندِيِّ التُّجيبِيِّ، عن ابنِ شُفَيٍّ، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاص، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"لِلغازِي أجرُه، ولِلجاعِلِ أجرُه وأَجرُ الغازِي\". وأنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"قَفلَةٌ (^١) كَغَزوَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ أبو النَّضر، حدثنا محمدُ بن شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَني أبو زُرعَةَ يَحيَى بن أبي عمرٍو السَّيبانيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ عبد الله، أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ قال: نادَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، فخَرَجتُ إلَى أهلِي، وأَقبَلتُ وقَد خَرَجَ أولُ صحابَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فطَفِقتُ في المَدينَةِ أُنادِي: ألا مَن يَحمِلُ رَجُلًا له سَهمُه؟ فنادَى شَيخٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: لَنا سَهمُه على أن نَحمِلَه عُقْبَةً (^٣) وطَعامُه معنا؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فسِرْ على بَرَكَةِ الله. فخَرَجتُ مَعَ خَيرِ صاحِبٍ حتَّى أفاءَ اللهُ عَلَينا، فأَصابَنِي قَلائصُ (^٤) فسُقتُهُنَّ حَتَّى أتَيتُه، فخَرَجَ فقَعَدَ على حَقيبَةٍ (^٥) مِن حَقائبِ إبِلِه، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) القفلة: المرة من القُفُول، وهو الرجوع. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٩٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٣١، ٣٥٣٢)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥١٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٦٢٤، ٦٦٢٥)، وأبو داود (٢٤٨٧، ٢٥٢٦) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٧٣، ٢٢٠٣).\n(^٣) في م: \"عقبته\". وعقبة: أي: يتداولون ركوبه هذا مرة وهذا مرة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٩.\n(^٤) القلائص: جمع قلوص، وهو الفتى من الإبل. لسان العرب ٧/ ٧٩ (ق ل ص).\n(^٥) الحقيبة: ما يشدّ في مؤخرة الرحل، يرفع فيها الرجل متاعه وما يحتاج إليه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٩.","vol":"18","page":97},{"text":"قال: سُقهُنَّ مُدبِراتٍ. ثُمَّ قال: سُقهُنَّ مُقبِلاتٍ. فقالَ: ما أرَى قَلائصَكَ إلَّا كِرامًا. قال: إنَّما هِيَ غَنيمَتُكَ التي شَرَطتُ لَكَ (^١). قالَ: خُذْ قَلائصَكَ ابنَ أخِي؛ فغَيرَ سَهمِكَ أرَدْنا (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: فغَيرَ سَهمِكَ أرَدْنا: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أرادَ أنّا لَم نَقصِدْ بما فعَلنا الإجارَةَ، وإنَّما قَصَدْنا الاشتِراكَ في الأجرِ والثَّواب، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3765>بابُ مَنِ استأجَرَ إنسانًا لِلخِدمَةِ في الغَزوِ</span>\n\n١٧٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِي، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بن نافِع، حدثنا بَشيرُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ دُرَيكٍ، عن يَعلَى ابنِ مُنْيَةَ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَبعَثُنِي في سَراياه، فبَعَثَني ذاتَ يَومٍ وكانَ رَجلٌ يَركَبُ بَغلِي، فقُلتُ له: ارحَلْ. فقالَ: ما أنا بخارجٍ مَعَكَ. قُلتُ: لِمَ؟ قال: حتَّى تَجعَلَ لي ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ. قُلتُ: الآنَ حينَ ودَّعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -؟ ما أنا براجِعٍ إلَيه، ارحَلْ ولَكَ ثَلاثَةُ دَنانيرَ. فلَمّا رَجَعتُ مِن غَزاتي ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أعطِها إيّاه، فإِنها حَظُّه مِن غَزاتِه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٧٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٩٢١)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٨٠ (١٩٦) من طريق محمد بن شعيب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٤٠).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٩، ١١٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٥٧)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٥٨ (٦٦٧) من طريق بشير بن طلحة به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٣٩: إن كان خالد لقى يعلى فإسناده جيد.","vol":"18","page":98},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ القَسمِ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الديلَمِيِّ عن يَعلَى ابنِ مُنْيَةَ في مَعناه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3766>باب: الإمامُ لا يُجَمِّرُ بالغُزَّى </span>(^٢)\nقال الشَّافِعِي ﵀: فإِن جَمَّرَهُم فقَد أساءَ، ويَجوزُ لِكُلِّهِم خِلافُه والرُجوعُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ يَعنِي مَحبوبَ بنَ موسَى، حدثنا الفَزارِيُّ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي فِراسٍ قال: خَطَبَنا عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ فقالَ في خُطبَتِه: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّي لَم أَبعَثْ إلَيكُم عُمّالي ليَضرِبوا أبشارَكُم، ولا ليأخُذوا أموالَكُم، ولَكِن بَعَثتُهُم ليُعَلِّموكُم دينَكُم وسُنَّتَكُم، فمَن فُعِلَ به غَيرُ ذَلِكَ فليَرفَعْه إلَيَّ فأُقِصَّه مِنه، ألا لا تَضرِبوا المُسلِمينَ فتُذِلّوهُم، ولا تَمنَعوهُم فتُكْفِروهُم، ولا تُجَمِّروهُم فتَفتِنوهُم، ولا تُنزِلوهُمُ الغِياضَ (^٤) فتُضَيِّعوهُم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٠٣٦).\n(^٢) تجمير الجيش: جمعهم في الثغور وحبسهم عن العود إلى أهلهم. والغزى: جمع الغازي. النهاية ١/ ٢٩٢، ٣/ ٣٦٦.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٤) الغياض: جمع غَيْضة، وهي الشجر الملتف؛ لأنهم إذا نزلوها تفرقوا فيها فتمكن منهم العدو. النهاية ٣/ ٤٠٢.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٦١١٠)، وسيأتي في (١٧٩٦٤).","vol":"18","page":99},{"text":"١٧٩٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عبد الله بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ الأنصارِيِّ، أن جَيشًا مِنَ الأنصارِ كانوا بأَرضِ فارِسَ مَعَ أميرِهِم، وكانَ عُمَرُ يُعْقِبُ (^١) الجُيوشَ في كُلِّ عامٍ، فشُغِلَ عَنهُم عُمَرُ، فلَمّا مَرَّ الأجَلُ قَفَلَ أهلُ ذَلِكَ الثَّغرِ، فاشتَدَّ عَلَيه وأَوعَدَهُم وهُم أصحابُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - قالوا: يا عُمَرُ إنَّكَ غَفَلتَ عَنَّا، وتَرَكتَ فينا الَّذِي أمَرَ به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن إعقابِ بَعضِ الغَزيَّةِ بَعضًا (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: خَرَجَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ مِنَ اللَّيلِ فسَمِعَ امرأةً تَقولُ:\nتَطاوَلَ هذا اللَّيلُ واسوَدَّ جانِبُه ... وأَرَّقَنِي أن لا حَبيبٌ أُلاعِبُه\n[فواللَّهِ لَولا اللهُ أنِّي أُراقِبُه ... تَحَرَّكَ مِن هذا السَّريرِ جَوانِبُه] (^٣)\nفقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - لِحَفصَةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -: كَم أكثَرُ ما تَصبِرُ المَرأةُ عن زَوجِها؟ فقالَت: سِتَّةَ أو أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ. فَقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: لا أحبِسُ\n_________\n(^١) الإعقاب: أن يبعث الإمام في أثر المقيمين في الثغر جيشًا يقيمون مكانهم وينصرف أولئك. معالم السنن ٣/ ١٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣١٧)، وأبو داود (٢٩٦٠). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٥٦٥): صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":100},{"text":"الجَيشَ أكثَرَ مِن هَذا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3767>بابُ شُهودِ مَن لا فُرِضَ عَلَيه القِتالُ</span>\n\n١٧٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاق المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ، أن نَجدَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ: هَل كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَغزو بالنِّساءِ؟ وهَل كان يَضرِبُ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ؟ فقالَ: قَد كان رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يَغزو بالنِّساء، فيُداوينَ الجَرحَى، ولَم يَكُنْ يَضرِبُ لَهُنَّ بسَهمٍ، ولَكِن يُحذَينَ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ومَحفوظٌ أنَّه شَهِدَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - القِتالَ العَبيدُ والصِّبيانُ، وأَحذاهُم مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٥٩٣) عن ابن جريج عمن يصدق أن عمر، وفيه تحديد المدة بثلاثة أشهر. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٥٩٤) عن معمر بلغنى عن عمر. وابن أبي الدنيا في العيال (٤٩٤)، وفي الإشراف (٢٥٦) من طريق سلمان بن جبير مولى ابن عباس. فذكر القصة وليس فيه ذكر المدة. وابن شيبة في تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٥٩ من طريق زيد بن أسلم عن عمر.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٠٦)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٦٥. وينظر ما تقدم في (١١٤٠٤، ١١٤٠٥، ١٧٨٧٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨١٢).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٦٥.","vol":"18","page":101},{"text":"١٧٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ قال: كَتَبَ نَجدَةُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ يَسأَلُه عن العَبدِ والمَرأَةِ يَحضُرانِ المغنَمَ، هَل لَهُما مِنَ المَغنَمِ شَئٌ؟ قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه: لَيسَ لَهُما شَئٌ إلا أن يُحذَيا (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\nوذَكَرَ أبو يوسُفَ في هذا الحديثِ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيةَ أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَيه يَسأَلُه عن الصَّبِيِّ: مَتَى يَخرُجُ مِنَ اليُتمِ؟ ومَتَى يُضرَبُ له بسَهمٍ؟ فقالَ: إنَّه يَخرُجُ مِنَ اليُتمِ إذا احتَلَمَ، ويُضرَبُ له بسَهمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو بكر القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يَزيدُ بن عياضٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ القُرَشِي. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ وقالَ فيه: وسأَلَ عن اليَتيمِ [مَتَى يَخرُجُ مِنَ اليُتمِ] (^٤) ويَقَعُ حَقُّه في الفَئِ؟ فكَتَبَ إلَيه: إذا احتَلَمَ فقَد خَرَجَ مِنَ اليُتمِ، ووَقَعَ حَقُّه في الفَئِ. يَزيدُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٠٩٦ - ١٣٠٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٦٣١) من طريق أبي يوسف عن محمد بن إسحاق عن إسماعيل به، وتقدم في (١١٤٠٥).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":102},{"text":"ابنُ عياضٍ لا يُحْتَجُّ به (^١)، وسقَطَ مِن إسنادِه سعيدُ بن أبي سعيدٍ.\n\n١٧٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلاليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيز، من أنَسٍ قال: لما كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ انهَزَمَ ناسٌ مِنَ النّاسِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأبو طَلحَةَ بَينَ يَدَيْ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُجَوِّبُ عَلَيه بحَجَفةٍ (^٢). الحديثَ، قال: ولَقَد رأيتُ عائشةَ بنتَ أبي بكرٍ وأُمَّ سُلَيمٍ وإِنَّهُما لَمُشَمِّرَتانِ أرَى خَدَمَ سُوقِهِما (^٣) تَنقُلانِ القِرَبَ على مُتونِهِما، ثُمَّ تُفرِغانِ في أفواهِ القَومِ، ثُمَّ تَرجِعانِ فتَملآنِها، ثُمَّ تَجيئانِ فتُفرِغانِه في أفواهِ القَومِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن عبد اللهِ الدارميِّ عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٧٩١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِي قالا:\n_________\n(^١) هو يزيد بن عياض بن جعدبة الليثي، أبو الحكم المدني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٥١، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٨٢، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٠٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٢٢١. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٦٩: كذبه مالك وغيره.\n(^٢) يعني: مترسًا يقيه بالحجفة، وهي الترس، والجوب: الترس. إكمال المعلم ٦/ ١٠٥.\n(^٣) الخدم: جمع خدمة: وهي الخلخال، وقيل: هي سيور من جلد تجعل في الرجل. وقيل: أريد به ههنا مخرج الرِّجل من السراويل. ينظر المفهم ٣/ ٦٨٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٨٧٦) من طريق أبي معمر به. وأبو يعلى (٣٩٢١) - ومن طريقه المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠ - وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٢/ ٦١ من طريق عبد الوارث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٨٠)، ومسلم (١٨١١/ ١٣٦).","vol":"18","page":103},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَغزو بأمِّ سُلَيمٍ ونِسوَةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ مَعَه إذا غَزا، فيَسقينَ الماءَ ويُداوينَ الجَرحَى (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتِ مُعَوِّذٍ وأُمِّ عَطيةَ وغَيرِهِما (^٣).\n\n١٧٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو بكرِ بن بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بن الحَسَن، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ وجَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ يُسأَلُ عن جُروحِ (^٤) رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ فقالَ: جُرِحَ وجهُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، وكُسِرَت رَباعيَتُه (^٥)، وهُشِمَتِ البَيضَةُ على رأسِه، فكانَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَغسِلُ الدمَ، وكانَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ يَسكُبُ الماءَ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٣١)، والترمذي (١٥٧٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٨٢)، وابن حبان (٤٧٢٣، ٤٧٢٤) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠١٧)، والبخاري (٢٨٨٢، ٢٨٨٣، ٥٦٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٨١) من حديث الربيع.\nوأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٧٩٢)، ومسلم (١٨١٢/ ١٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٦) من حديث أم عطية به.\n(^٤) في ص ٩، م: \"جرح\".\n(^٥) الرباعية: مخففة الياء: السن التي بعد كل ثنية، وهي أربع رباعيات. إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٨٤.","vol":"18","page":104},{"text":"بالمِجَنِّ، فلَمّا رأت فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - أن الماءَ لا يَزيدُ الدَّمَ إلا كَثرَةً، أخَذَت قِطعَةَ حَصيرٍ فأَحرَقَته، حتَّى إذا صارَ رَمادًا ألصَقَته بالجُرح، فاستَمسَكَ الدَّمُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ، ورَواه مسلم عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن عبد العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمد، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ وبِشرُ بن المُفَضَّلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عُمَير مَولَى آبِي اللحمِ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ وأَنا عبدٌ مَملوكٌ، فلَم يَضرِبْ لي بسَهمٍ، وأَعطانِي سَيفًا فقُلِّدتُه أجُرُّ بنَعلِه في الأرض، وأَمَرَ لي مِن خُرْثِيِّ المَتاعِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٦٠. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٦٤)، وابن حبان (٦٥٧٩) من طريق ابن أبي حازم به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٢٩)، والترمذي (٢٠٨٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٩٢٣٥) من طريق أبي حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩١١)، ومسلم (١٧٩٠/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٤٠)، وأبو داود (٢٧٣٠)، والترمذي (١٥٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٣٥) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وتقدم في (١٣٠٤٤).","vol":"18","page":105},{"text":"عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِر قال: كُنتُ أَميحُ (^١) أصحابِي الماءَ يومَ بَدرٍ (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةِ أحمدَ: كُنتُ أسقِي.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3768>بابُ مَن لَيسَ لِلإِمامِ أن يَغزوَ به بحالٍ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: غَزا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فغَزا مَعَه بَعضُ مَن يُعرَفُ نِفاقُه، فانخَزَلَ عنه يَومَ أُحُدٍ بثَلاثِمائَةٍ (^٣).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: هو بَيِّنٌ في المَغازِي.\n\n١٧٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيُّ وعاصِمُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ ومُحَمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ وغَيرُهُم مِن عُلَمائنا عن يَومِ أُحُدٍ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ؛ قال فيها: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في ألفِ رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِه، حَتَّى إذا كان بالشَّوطِ (^٤) بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أمنح\". وأميح: مضارع ماح ميحا، إذا نزل في ماء قليل فملأ الدلو بيده. النهاية ٤/ ٨٢٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٣١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٤٦٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٦٦٩) عن أبي معاوية به.\nوأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٤٨٠) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٧١).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.\n(^٤) الشوط: بستان من بساتين المدينة عند جبل أحد، ومكانه بين وادي قناة وبين المدينة من شرقي السبخة، ومن أسفل الحرة الشرقية، وهناك كان يجري سباق الخيل. ولم يعد الاسم معروفًا اليوم. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٣٣٥، والتاج ١٩/ ٤٢٨ (ش وط)، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١٧١.","vol":"18","page":106},{"text":"المَدينَةِ وأُحُدٍ انخَزَلَ عنه عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبَيٍّ المُنافِقُ بثُلُثِ النّاس، فرَجَعَ بمَنِ اتَّبَعَه مِن قَومِه مِن أهلِ الرّيْبِ والنِّفاقِ (^١).\n\n١٧٩١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَة، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، [عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ] (^٢) في قِصَّةِ أُحُدٍ قال: فرجَعَ عنه عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبَيُّ ابنُ سَلولَ في ثَلاثِمائَةٍ، وبَقِيَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - في سَبعِمائَةٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: فمَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى نَزَلَ أُحُدًا، ورَجَعَ عنه عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبيٍّ في ثَلاثِمائَةٍ، وبَقِيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في سَبعِمائَةٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ بها، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق في السيرة (٥٠٣)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٦/ ٢٢٢.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٠٦ - ٢٠٨.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٤٠٩).","vol":"18","page":107},{"text":"عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن عبد الله بنِ يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال: لما خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أُحُدٍ رَجَعَ قَوم مِنَ الطَّريقِ، فكانَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيهِم فِرقَتَينِ؛ فِرقَةٌ تَقولُ: نَقتُلُهُم. وفِرقَةٌ تَقولُ: لا نَقتُلُهُم. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ ﴿فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا﴾ (^١) [النساء: ٨٨]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ شَهِدوا مَعَه يَومَ الخَندَق، فتَكَلَّموا بما حَكى اللهُ ﷿ مِن قَولِهِم: ﴿مَا وَعَدَنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا﴾ (^٣) [الأحزاب: ١٢].\nقال الشَّيخُ: هو بَيِّنٌ في المَغازِي عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ ومُحَمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسار وغَيرِهِما، قال موسَى بن عُقبَةَ بالإسنادِ الذِي تَقَدَّمَ في قِصَّةِ الخَندَق: فلَمّا اشتَدَّ البَلاءُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَصحابِه نافَقَ ناسٌ كَثيرٌ، وتكلَّموا بكَلامٍ قَبيحٍ، فلَمّا رأَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما فيه النّاسُ مِنَ البَلاءِ والكَربِ جَعَلَ يُبَشِّرُهُم ويَقولُ: \"والذي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَيُفَرَّجَنَّ عَنكُم ما تَرَونَ مِنَ الشِّدةِ والبَلاء، فإِنِّي لأرجو أن أطوفَ بالبَيتِ العَتيقِ آمِنًا، وأَن يَدفَعَ اللهُ ﷿ إلَيَّ مَفاتيحَ الكَعبَةِ، ولَيُهلِكَنَّ اللهُ كِسرَى وقَيصَرَ، ولَتُنفَقَنَّ كُنوزُهُما في سَبيلِ الله\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِمَّن مَعَه لأصحابِه: ألا تَعجَبونَ مِن محمدٍ؟! يَعِدُنا أن نَطوفَ بالبَيتِ العَتيق، وأَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٢٤٢) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (٢١٥٩٩، ٢١٦٣٠)، والترمذي (٣٠٢٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١١٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٨٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٦/ ٦).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.","vol":"18","page":108},{"text":"نَقسِمَ كُنوزَ فارِسَ والرّوم، ونَحنُ ههنا لا يأمَنُ أحَدُنا أن يَذهَبَ إلَى الغائطِ، واللهِ لَما يَعِدُنا إلَّا غُرورًا. وقالَ آخَرونَ ممَّن مَعَه: ائذَنْ لَنا، فإِنَّ بُيوتَنا عَورَةٌ. وقالَ آخَرونَ: يا أهلَ يَثرِبَ، لا مُقامَ لَكُم فارجِعوا. وسَمَّى ابنُ إسحاقَ القائلَ الأوَّلَ مُعَتِّبَ بنَ قُشَيرٍ، والقائلَ الثانِيَ أوسَ بنَ قَيظيٍّ.\n\n١٧٩٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِي، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ (^١)، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: فلَمّا اشتَدَّ البَلاءُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وأَصحابِه. فذَكَرَ هذه القِصَّةَ مِثلَ قَولِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه قال في آخِرِها: وقالَ رِجالٌ مِنهُم يُخَذِّلونَ عن رسولِ الله - ﷺ -: يا أهلَ يَثرِبَ، لا مُقامَ لَكُم فارجِعوا (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ غَزا بَنِي المُصطَلِق، فشهِدَها مَعَه مِنهُم عَدَدٌ، فتَكَلَّموا بما حَكَى اللهُ مِن قَولِهِم: ﴿لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ﴾ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ مما حَكَى اللهُ مِن نِفاقِهِم (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ كَعبٍ القُرَظيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ يَقولُ: لما قال عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبَيٍّ: لا تُنفِقوا على\n_________\n(^١) إلى هنا ينتهى الخرم من المخطوطة (س) والذي بدأ في نهاية حديث رقم (١٧٨٧٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٤٠٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.","vol":"18","page":109},{"text":"مَن عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَنفَضّوا. وقالَ أيضًا: لَئن رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ لَيُخرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنها الأذَلَّ. أخبَرتُ بذَلِكَ (^١) رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، [فلامَتنِي الأنصارُ، وحَلَفَ عبدُ اللهِ بن أُبَيٍّ ما قال ذَلِكَ، فرَجَعتُ إلَى المَنزِلِ فنِمتُ، فأَتاني رسولُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -] (^٢) فأَتَيتُه فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ صَدَّقَكَ وعَذَرَكَ\". ونَزَلَ ﴿هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَى مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ حَتَّى يَنْفَضُّوا﴾ الآيَة (^٣) [المنافقون: ٧]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيّ، حدثنا سفيان قال: قال عمرو: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يقولُ: كُنا في غَزاةٍ - وقالَ سفيانُ مَرَّةً أخرَى: كُنّا في جَيشٍ - فكَسَعَ (^٥) رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ فقال (^٦): \"دَعوها فإنَّها مُنتِنةٌ\". فسمعَ ذَلِكَ [عبدُ الله] (^٧) فقالَ: قَد فعَلوها! أمَا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨٥، ١٩٢٩٥)، والترمذي (٣٣١٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٩٧) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (١٦٩٢٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٩٠٢).\n(^٥) كسعت الرجل: إذا ضربت مؤخره فاكتسع، أي: سقط على قفاه. إكمال المعلم ٨/ ٢٦.\n(^٦) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٧/ ٣٥٤٣، وضبب على هذا الموضع في نسخة الأصل، وكذا ضبب عليها في المهذب، وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"تمامه وقد حذفه للاختصار: فقال الأنصاري: يا للأنصار. وقال المهاجري: يا للمهاجرين. فسمع ذلك رسول الله - ﷺ - فقال: \"ما بال دعوى الجاهلية؟! \". قالوا: يا رسول الله، كسع رجل من المهاجرين رجلًا من الأنصار. فقال\".\n(^٧) في م: \"رسول الله - ﷺ -\"، وفي الحاشية: \"كذا، وهو غلط عجيب قبيح، والصَّواب: فسمع =","vol":"18","page":110},{"text":"واللهِ لَئن رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ لَيُخرِجَنَّ الأعَزُّ مِنها الأذَلَّ. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - (^١): \"دَعْه؛ لا يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ أن محمدًا يَقتُلُ أصحابَه\". قال: وكانَتِ الأنصارُ أكثَرَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ المُهاجِرينَ كَثُروا بَعدُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ بنِ عبد الله، ورَواه مسلم عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن ابنِ إسحاقَ بالإسنادِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ أن ذَلِكَ كان في غَزوَةِ بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ثُمَّ غَزا غَزوَةَ تَبوكَ، فشَهِدَها مَعَه مِنهُم قَومٌ نَفَّروا به ليلَةَ العَقَبَةِ ليَقتُلوه، فوَقاه اللهُ شَرَّهُم (^٦).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: هو بَيِّنٌ في المَغازِي:\n\n١٧٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ تَبوكَ قال:\n_________\n= بذلك عبد الله بن أبي. كما في صحيح البخاري\".\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"تمامه وحذفه أيضًا: فقام عمر فقال: يا رسول الله دَعْني أضرب عنق هذا المنافق. فقال النبي - ﷺ -\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٢٣)، والترمذي (٣٣١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٦٣، ١٠٨١٣، ١١٥٩٩)، وابن حبان (٥٩٩٠، ٦٥٨٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٩٠٥)، ومسلم (٢٥٨٤/ ٦٣).\n(^٤) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٩٠، ٢٩١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٧٨٣٤) من طريق عروة به.\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.","vol":"18","page":111},{"text":"فلَمَّا بَلَغَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الثَّنيَّةَ نادَى مُنادِي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أن خُذوا بَطنَ الوادِي، فهو أوسَعُ عَلَيكُم، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد أخَذَ الثَّنيَّةَ، وكانَ مَعَه حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ وعَمَّارُ بن ياسِرٍ - ﵄ -، وكَرِهَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُزاحِمَه في الثَّنيَّةِ أحَدٌ، فسَمِعَه ناسٌ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ فتَخَلَّفوا، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَه رَهطٌ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ، فسَمِعَ (^١) رسولُ الله - ﷺ - حِسَّ القَومِ خَلفه، فقالَ لأحَدِ صاحِبيه: \"اضرِبْ وُجوهَهُم\". فلَمّا سَمِعوا ذَلِكَ، ورأوُا الرَّجُلَ مُقبِلًا نَحوَهُم، وهو حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمانِ، انحَدَروا جَميعًا، وجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَضرِبُ رَواحِلَهُم، وقالوا: إنَّما نَحنُ أصحابُ أحمدَ. وهُم مُتَلَثِّمونَ لا يُرَى شَئٌ إلا أعيُنُهُم، فجاءَ صاحِبُه بَعدَما انحَدَرَ القَومُ فقالَ: \"هَل عَرَفتَ الرَّهطَ؟ \". فقالَ: لا واللهِ يا نَبِيَّ الله، ولَكِنِّي قَد عَرَفتُ رَواحِلَهُم. فانحَدَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ وقالَ لصاحِبيه: \"هَل تَدرونَ ما أرادَ القَومُ؟ أرادوا أن يَزحَمونِي مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ فيَطرَحونِي مِنها\". فقالا: أفَلا تأمُرُنا يا رسولَ اللهِ فنَضرِبَ أعناقَهُم إذا اجتَمَعَ إلَيكَ النَّاسُ؟ فقالَ: \"أكره أن يَتَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أن محمدًا قَد وضَعَ يَدَه في أصحابِه يَقتُلُهُم\". وذَكَرَ القِصةَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٢٥ - وأخبرَناه أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ [بن محمدِ] (^٣) بنِ عبد الله البَغدادِي، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، [حدثنا أبي] (^٣)، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ قال: ورَجَعَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - قافِلًا مِن تَبوكَ إلَى المَدينَة، حتَّى إذا كان ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ مَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٩٢٣).\n(^٣) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":112},{"text":"برسولِ الله - ﷺ - ناسٌ مِن أصحابِه، فتآمَروا أن يَطرَحوه مِن عَقَبَةٍ في الطَّريقِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ بمَعنَى ابنِ إسحاقَ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الله بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وأبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بن جُمَيعٍ، حدثنا أبو الطُّفَيلِ قال: كان بَينَ رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ العَقَبَةِ وبَينَ حُذَيفَةَ بَعضُ ما يَكونُ بَينَ النّاسِ فقالَ: أنشُدُكَ باللهِ كَم كان أصحابُ العَقَبَةِ؟ قال: فقالَ له القَومُ: أخبِرْه أن (^٢) سأَلَكَ. قال: كُنا نُخبَرُ أنَّهُم أربَعَةَ عَشَرَ، فإِن كُنتَ فيهِم فقَد كان القَومُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ، وأَشهَدُ باللهِ أن اثنَى عَشَرَ مِنهُم حَربٌ للهِ ورسولِه في الحَياةِ الدُّنيا ويَومَ يَقومُ الإشهادُ، وعَذَرَ ثَلاثَةً قالوا: ما سَمِعنا مُنادِيَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، ولا عَلِمنا ما أرادَ القَومُ. وقَد كان في حَرةٍ (^٣) فمَشَى فقالَ: \"إنَّ الماءَ قَليلٌ، فلا يَسبِقْنِي إلَيه أحَدٌ\". فوَجَد قَومًا قَد سَبَقوه فلَعَنَهُم يَومَئذٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبي أحمدَ محمدِ بنِ عبد الله الزُّبَيرِيِّ (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وتَخَلَّفَ آخَرونَ مِنهُم فيمَن بحَضرَتِه، ثُمَّ أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ عَلَيه غَزاةَ تَبوكَ أو مُنصرَفَه مِنها مِن أخبارِهِم فقالَ: ﴿وَلَوْ أَرَادُوا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"إذ\".\n(^٣) الحرة: هي الأرض ألبست حجارة سودا. إكمال المعلم ٧/ ١٣٦.\n(^٤) أحمد (٢٣٣٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٨١٠١) عن الفضل بن دكين أبي نعيم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٧٧٩/ ١١).","vol":"18","page":113},{"text":"الْخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّوا لَهُ عُدَّةً وَلَكِنْ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انْبِعَاثَهُمْ﴾ قرأَ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿وَيَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾ (^١) [التوبة: ٤٦ - ٥٠].\nقال الشَّيخُ: هو بَيِّنٌ في \"مغازى موسى بن عقبة\"، و\"ابن إسحاق\".\n\n١٧٩٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَجَهَّزَ غازيًا يُريدُ الشّامَ، فأَذَّنَ في النّاسِ بالخُروج، وأَمَرَهُم به في قَيظٍ شَديدٍ في لَيالِي الخَريف، فأَبطأ عنه ناسٌ كَثيرٌ وهابوا الرُّومَ، فخَرَجَ أهلُ الحِسبَةِ وتَخَلَّفَ المُنافِقونَ، وحَدَّثوا أنفُسَهُم أنَّه لا يَرجِعُ أبَدًا، وثَبَّطوا عنه مَن أطاعَهُم، وتَخَلَّفَ عنه رِجالٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، لأمرٍ كان لهم فيه عُذرٌ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ قال: وأَتاه جَدُّ بن قَيسٍ وهو جالِسٌ في المَسجِدِ مَعَه نَفَرٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ائذَنْ لِي في القُعودِ؛ فإِنِّي ذو ضَيعَةٍ وعِلَّةٍ لِي بها عُذرٌ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"تَجَهَّزْ فإِنَّكَ موسِرٌ، لَعَلَّكَ تُحقِبُ (^٢) بَعضَ بَناتِ الأصفَرِ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ائذَنْ لِي ولا تَفتِنِّي ببَناتِ الأصفَرِ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيه وفِي أصحابِه: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ٤٩] عَشرَ آياتٍ يَتبَعُ بَعضُها بَعضًا، وخَرَجَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - والمُؤمِنونَ مَعَه، وكانَ فيمَن تَخَلَّفَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.\n(^٢) أي: تردف خلفك. ينظر تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٢٧٦.","vol":"18","page":114},{"text":"عَنَمَةَ (^١) أو: عَنَمَةُ (^١)، مِن بَنِي عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ فقيلَ له: ما خَلَّفَكَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: الخَوضُ واللَّعِبُ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ فيه وفيمَن تَخَلَّفَ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٦٥] ثَلاثَ آياتٍ مُتَتابِعاتٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٢٨ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا [عُبَيدُ بن] (^٣) عبد الواحِد، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شهابٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ كَعبٍ قائدَ كَعبٍ حينَ عَمِيَ مِن بَنيه قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ الله - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ؛ قال كَعبُ بن مالكٍ: لَم أتَخَلَّفْ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةٍ غَزاها قَطُّ إلَّا في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، غَيرَ أنِّي تَخَلَّفتُ عن غَزوَةِ بَدرٍ، ولَم يُعاتِبِ اللهُ أحَدًا حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنها، إنَّما خَرَجَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يُريدُ عِيرَ قُرَيشٍ حَتَّى جَمَعَ اللهُ بَينَهُم وبَينَ عَدوِّهِم على غَيرِ ميعادٍ، ولَقَد شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ العَقَبَة، وما أحِبُّ أن لِي بها مَشهَدَ بَدرٍ، وإِن كانَت بَدرٌ (^٤) أذكَرَ في النّاسِ مِنها، كان مِن خَبَرِي حينَ تَخَلَّفتُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ؛ أنِّي لَم أكُنْ قَطُّ أقوَى ولا أيسَرَ مِنِّي حينَ تَخَلفتُ عنه في تِلكَ الغَزوَة، واللهِ ما\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"غنمة\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٢٣ - ٢٢٥، وينظر سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٥١٦.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":115},{"text":"اجتَمَعَت عِندِي قَبلَها راحِلَتانِ قَطُّ حتَّى جَمَعتُهُما تِلكَ الغَزوَةَ، ولَم يَكُنْ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يُريدُ غَزوَةً يَغزوها إلا وَرَّى بغَيرِها، حتَّى كانَت تِلك الغَزوَةُ، غَزاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في حَرٍّ شَديدٍ، واستَقبَلَ سَفَرًا بَعيدًا، ومَفازًا وعَدوًّا كَثيرًا، فجَلى لِلمُسلِمينَ أمرَهَم؛ ليَتأهَّبوا أُهبَةَ عَدوِّهِم، وأَخبَرَهُم بوَجهِه الذِي يُريدُه، والمُسلِمونَ مَعَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - كَثير لا يَجمَعُهُم كِتابٌ حافِظٌ - يُريدُ الدّيوانَ - قال كَعبٌ: فما رَجُلٌ يُريدُ أن يَتَغَيَّبَ إلا ظَنَّ أن سَيَخفَى له ما لَم يَنزِلْ فيه وحيٌ مِنَ الله، وغَزا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - تِلكَ الغَزوَةَ حينَ طابَتِ الثمارُ والظِّلالُ، فتَجَهَّزَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - والمُسلِمونَ مَعَه، وطَفِقتُ أغدو لِكَي أتَجَهَّزَ مَعَهُم ولَم أقضِ شَيئًا، وأَقولُ في نَفسِي: إنِّي قادِر على ذَلِكَ إذا أرَدتُه. فلَم يَزَلْ يَتَمادَى بي حتَّى استَحَرَّ (^١) بالناسِ الجِدُّ، فأَصبَحَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - والمُسلِمونَ مَعَه ولَم أقضِ مِن جَهازِي شَيئًا، فقُلتُ: أتجهَّزُ بَعدَه يَومًا أو يَومَينِ ثُمَّ ألحَقُهُم. فغَدَوتُ بَعدَ أن فصَلوا (^٢) لأتجهَّز، فرَجَعتُ ولَم أقضِ شَيئًا، ثُمَّ غَدَوتُ ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ ولَم أقضِ شَيئًا، فلَم يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ يَتَمادَى بي حتَّى أسرَعوا وتَفارَطَ الغَزوُ، وهَمَمتُ أن أرتَحِلَ فأُدرِكَهُم، ولَيتَنِي فعَلتُ، فلَم يُقَدَّرْ لي ذَلِكَ، فكُنتُ إذا خَرَجتُ في الناسِ بَعدَ خُروجِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فطُفتُ فيهِم، أحزَنَنِي أنِّي لا أرَى إلا رَجُلًا مَغموضًا مِنَ (^٣) النِّفاقِ (^٤)، أو رَجُلًا مِمن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"استجد\". واستحر: اشتد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٢) فصلوا: رحلوا وبانوا عن المقيمين. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٠.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"في\".\n(^٤) مغموصا من النفاق: مطعونا عليه بالنفاق. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣٦.","vol":"18","page":116},{"text":"عَذَرَ اللهُ مِنَ الضُّعَفاء، فلَم يَذكُرْني رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى بَلَغَ تَبوكَ، قال وهو جالِسٌ في القَومِ بتَبوكَ: \"ما فعَلَ كَعبٌ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي سَلِمَة: يا رسولَ الله، حَبَسَه بُرداه، يَنظُرُ في عِطفَيهِ (^١). فقالَ له مُعاذُ بن جَبَلٍ: بئسَما قُلتَ، واللهِ يا رسولَ الله ما عَلِمنا إلا خَيرًا. فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال كَعبٌ: فلَمَّا بَلَغَنِي أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد تَوَجَّهَ قافِلًا مِن تَبوكَ حَضَرَني هَمِّي، وطَفِقتُ أتَذَكَّرُ الكَذِبَ وأَقولُ: بماذا أخرُجُ مِن سَخَطِه غَدًا؟ وأَستَعينُ على ذَلِكَ بكُلِّ ذِي رأيٍ مِن أهلِي، فلَمّا قيلَ: إنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قَد أظَلَّ قادِمًا. زاحَ عَنِّي الباطِلُ، وعَرَفتُ أنِّي لا أخرُجُ مِنه أبَدًا بشَئٍ فيه كَذِبٌ، فأَجمَعتُ صِدقَه، وأَصبَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قادِمًا، وكانَ إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ بَدأ بالمَسجِد، فصلَّى فيه رَكعَتَين، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لِلناسِ، فلَمَّا فعَلَ ذَلِكَ جاءَ المُخَلَّفونَ، فطَفِقوا يَعتَذِرونَ إلَيه ويَحلِفونَ له، وكانوا بضعَةً وثَمانينَ رَجُلًا، فقَبِلَ مِنهُم رسولُ الله - ﷺ - عَلانيَتَهُم، وبايَعَهُم واستَغفَرَ لَهُم، ويَكِلُ سَرائرَهُم إلَى اللهِ ﷿، فجِئتُه، فلَمَّا سَلَّمتُ عَلَيه تبَسَّمَ تبَسُّمَ المُغضَبِ ثُمَّ قال: \"تَعالَ\". فجِئتُ أمشِي حَتَّى جَلَستُ بَينَ يَدَيه فقالَ: \"ما خَلَّفَكَ؟ ألَم تَكُنِ ابتَعتَ ظَهرَكَ؟ \". فقلتُ: بَلَى يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي واللهِ لَو جَلَستُ عِندَ غَيرِكَ مِن أهلِ الدُّنيا لَرأيتُ أن سأخرُجُ مِن سَخَطِه بعُذرٍ، ولَقَد أُعطيتُ جَدَلًا، ولَكِن واللهِ لَقَد عَلِمتُ لَئن حَدَّثتُكَ اليَومَ حَديثًا كاذِبًا تَرضَى به عَنِّي، لَيُوشِكَنَّ اللهُ أن يُسخِطَكَ عليّ، ولَئن حَدَّثتُكَ\n_________\n(^١) العطف: الجانب، وينظر في عطفيه: كناية عن الإعجاب. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٣٤، ٢٢٦.","vol":"18","page":117},{"text":"حَديثَ صِدقٍ تَجِدُ عليَّ فيه إنِّي لأرجو عَفوَ الله، لا واللهِ ما كان [لي مِن] (^١) عُذرٍ، واللهِ ما كُنتُ قَطُّ أقوَى ولا أيسَرَ مِنِّي حينَ تَخَلَّفتُ عَنكَ. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمّا هذا فقَد صَدَقَ، قُم حَتَّى يَقضِيَ اللهُ فيكَ\". فقُمتُ، فثار (^٢) رِجالٌ مِن بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فقالوا: لا (^٣) واللهِ ما عَلِمناكَ كُنتَ أذنَبتَ ذَنبًا قبلَ هذا؛ عَجَزتَ ألا تكونَ اعتَذَرتَ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - بما اعتَذَرَ إلَيه المُخَلَّفونَ؟ قَد كان كافِيَكَ ذَنبَكَ استِغفارُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - لَكَ. فواللهِ ما زالوا يُؤَنِّبونِي حتَّى أرَدتُ أن أرجِعَ فأُكَذِّبَ نَفسِي، ثُمَّ قُلتُ: هَل لَقِيَ هذا مَعِي أحَدٌ؟ قالوا: نَعَم، رَجُلانِ قالا مِثلَ ما قُلتَ، وقيلَ لَهُما مِثلُ ما قيلَ لَكَ. فقُلتُ: مَن هُما؟ قالوا: مُرارَةُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ العَمْرِي وهِلالُ بن أُمَيَّةَ الواقِفِيُّ. فذَكَروا لي رَجُلَينِ صالِحَينِ قَد شَهِدا بَدرًا فيهِما أسوَةٌ، فمَضيتُ حينَ ذَكَروهُما لي، ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن كَلامِنا أيُّها الثلاثَةُ مِن بَينِ مَن تَخَلَّفَ عنه، فاجتَنَبَنا النَّاسُ وتَغَيَّروا لَنا، حتَّى تنَكَّرَت في نَفسِي الأرضُ، فما هِيَ التي أعرِفُ، فلَبِثنا على ذَلِكَ خَمسينَ لَيلَةً، فأَمَّا صاحِبايَ (^٤) فاستَكانا وقَعَدا في بُيوتِهِما، وأَمَّا أنا فكُنتُ أشَبَّ القَومِ وأَجلَدَهُم، وكُنتُ أخرُجُ فأَشهَدُ الصَّلاةَ مَعَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَطوفُ [في الأسواق ولا يُكَلِّمُنِي أحَدٌ، وآتِي رسولَ الله - ﷺ - وهو في مَجلِسِه بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ] (^٥)، فأُسَلِّمُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بي\".\n(^٢) في س: \"فسار\"، وفي ص ٩، م: \"وسار\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يا كعب\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"صاحبيّ\".\n(^٥) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":118},{"text":"عَلَيه فأَقولُ في نَفسِي: هَل حَرَّكَ شَفَتَيه برَدِّ السَّلامِ عليّ أم لا؟ ثُمَّ أُصَلِّي فأُسارِقُه النَّظَرَ، فإِذا أقبَلتُ على صَلاتي نَظَرَ إلَيَّ، فإِذا التَفَتُّ نَحوَه أعرَضَ عَنِّي، حَتَّى إذا طالَ عليَّ ذَلِكَ مِن جَفوَةِ المُسلِمينَ تَسَوَّرتُ جِدارَ حائطِ أبي قَتادَةَ، وهو ابنُ عَمِّي وأَحَبُّ الناسِ إلَيَّ، فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، فواللَّهِ ما رَدَّ عليّ السَّلامَ، فقُلتُ له: يا أبا قَتادَةَ أنشُدُكَ اللهَ هَل تَعلَمُنِي أُحِبُّ اللهَ ورسولَه؟ قال: فسَكَتَ، فعُدتُ له فنَشَدتُه فسَكَتَ. قال: فعُدتُ له فناشَدته الثّالِثَةَ، فقالَ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. ففاضت عَينايَ، وتَوَلَّيتُ حتَّى تَسَوَّرتُ الجِدارَ. قال: فبَينا أنا أمشِي بسوقِ المَدينَةِ إذا نَبَطيٌّ مِن أنباطِ الشّام، ممَّن قَدِمَ بالطَّعامِ يَبيعُه بالمَدينَةِ يقولُ: مَن يَدُلُّ على كعبِ بنِ مالكٍ؟ فطَفِقَ النّاسُ يُشيرونَ له، حَتَّى إذا جاءَنِي دَفَعَ إلَيَّ كتابًا مِن ملِكِ غَسّانَ - وكُنتُ كاتِبًا - فإِذا فيه: أمّا بَعدُ، فقَد بَلَغَنِي أن صاحِبَكَ قَد جَفاكَ، ولَم يَجعَلْكَ اللهُ بدارِ هَوانٍ ولا مَضْيَعَةٍ، فالحَقْ بنا نواسيكَ (^١). فقُلتُ حينَ قَرأتُها: وهَذا أيضًا مِنَ البَلاءِ. فتَيَمَّمتُ به التَّنّورَ فسَجَرتُه بها، حَتَّى إذا مَضَت لَنا أربَعونَ لَيلَةً مِنَ الخَمسينَ إذا رسولُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأمُرُكَ أن تَعتَزِلَ امرأتَكَ. فقُلتُ: أُطَلِّقُها أم ماذا أفعَلُ بها؟ فقالَ: لا، بَلِ اعتَزِلها فلا تَقرَبَنَّها. وأَرسَلَ إلَى صاحِبَيَّ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ لامرأتي: الْحَقِي بأَهلِك، فكونِي عِندَهُم حَتَّى يَقضِيَ اللهُ هذا الأمرَ. قال كعبٌ: فجاءَتِ امرأةُ هِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ هِلالَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ شيخٌ\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وهو موافق لرواية مسلم في بعض النسخ منه. وقال النووي: وهو صحيح أي: ونحن نواسيك. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٧/ ٩٤.","vol":"18","page":119},{"text":"ضائعٌ لَيسَت له خادِمٌ، فهَل تكرَهُ أن أخدُمَه؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِن لا يَقرَبَنَّكِ\". قالَت: إنَّه واللهِ ما به حَرَكَةٌ إلَى شَئ، وإنَّه ما زالَ يَبكِي مُذ كان مِن أمرِه ما كان إلَى يَومِي هذا. فقالَ لي بَعضُ أهلِي: لَوِ استأذَنتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في امرأتِكَ كما أذِنَ لِهِلالِ بنِ أُمَيةَ تَخدُمُه؟ فقُلتُ: واللهِ لا أستأذِنُ فيها رسولَ الله - ﷺ -، وما يُدرينِي ما يقولُ لي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إنِ استأذَنتُه فيها وأَنا رَجُلٌ شابٌّ. فلَبِثتُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ عَشرَ لَيالٍ، حتَّى كَمَلَت لَنا خَمسونَ لَيلَةً مِن حينَ نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن كَلامِنا، فلَمَّا صَليتُ صَلاةَ الفَجرِ صُبحَ خَمسينَ لَيلَةً، وأَنا على ظَهرِ بَيتٍ مِن بُيوتِنا، فبَينا أنا جالِسٌ على الحالِ التي ذَكَرَ اللهُ مِنَّا، قَد ضاقَت عليّ نَفسِي، وضاقَت عليّ الأرضُ بما رَحُبَت، سَمِعتُ صَوتَ صارخٍ أوْفَى على جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ: يا كَعبُ بنَ مالكٍ أبشِرْ. فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا، وعَرَفتُ أنه قَد جاءَ الفَرَجُ، وآذَنَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - بتَوبَةِ الله عَلَينا حينَ صَلَّى صَلاةَ الفَجر، فذَهَبَ النَّاسُ يُبَشِّرونِي، وذَهَبَ قِبَلَ صاحِبَيَّ مُبَشِّرونَ، ورَكَضَ رَجُلٌ إلَيَّ فرَسًا، وسَعَى ساعٍ مِن أسلَمَ فأَوفَى على الجَبَل، وكانَ الصوتُ أسرَعَ إلَيَّ مِنَ الفَرَس، فلَمّا جاءَني الَّذِي سَمِعتُ صَوتَه يُبَشِّرُني نَزَعَتُ ثَوبَيَّ، فكَسَوتُهُما إيَّاه ببُشراه، وواللهِ ما أملِكُ غَيرَهُما يَومَئذٍ، واستَعَرتُ ثَوبَينِ فلَبِستُهُما، وانطَلَقتُ إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، فتَلَقَّاني النَّاسُ فوجًا فوجًا يُهَنِّئوني بالتَّوبَةِ يَقولونَ: لِتَهْنِكَ تَوبَةُ اللهِ عَلَيكَ. حتَّى دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ، فقامَ إلَيَّ طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ يُهَروِلُ حتَّى صافَحَني وهَنَّأني، ما قامَ إلَيَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المهاجِرينَ غَيرُه، ولا أنساها لِطَلحَةَ، قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو يَبرُقُ وجهُه مِنَ السرورِ: \"أبشِر بخَيرِ يَومٍ","vol":"18","page":120},{"text":"مَرَّ عَلَيكَ مُذْ ولَدَتكَ أُمُّكَ\". قُلتُ: أمِن عِندِكَ يا رسولَ الله أم مِن عِندِ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل من عِندِ اللهِ ﵎\". وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا بُشِّرَ ببِشارَةٍ يَبرُقُ وجهُه حتَّى كأنَّه قِطعَةُ قَمَرٍ، وكَذَلِكَ (^١) يُعرَفُ ذَلِكَ مِنه، فلَمّا جَلَستُ بَينَ يَدَيه قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ مِن تَوبَتِي أن أنخَلِعَ مِن مالي صَدَقَةً إلَى اللهِ ﷿ وإِلَى الرَّسولِ. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أمسِكْ عَلَيكَ بَعضَ مالِكَ، فهو خَيرٌ لَكَ\"، فقُلتُ: فإِنِّي أُمسِكُ سَهمِي الَّذِي بخَيبَرَ. فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّما نَجّانِي بالصِّدق، وإِنَّ مِن تَوبَتِي ألا أُحَدِّثَ إلَّا صِدقًا ما بَقِيتُ، فواللَّهِ ما أعلمُ أحَدًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ابتَلاه اللهُ في صِدقِ الحديثِ مُذْ حَدَّثتُ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ ممّا ابتَلانِي، ما تَعَمَّدتُ مُذْ ذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى يَومِي هذا كَذِبًا، وإِنِّي لأرجو أن يَحفَظَنِي اللهُ فيما بَقِيَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ على رسولِه ﴿لَقَدْ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ (١١٧) وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ لَا مَلْجَأَ مِنَ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَتُوبُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (١١٨) يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَكُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ١١٧ - ١١٩]، فواللهِ ما أنعَمَ اللهُ عليّ مِن نِعمَةٍ بَعدَ أن هَداني لِلإسلامِ أعظَمَ في نَفسِي مِن صِدقِي رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ، ألَّا أكونَ كَذَبتُه فأَهلِكَ كما هَلَكَ الَّذينَ كَذَبوه؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ قال لِلَّذينَ كَذَبوه حينَ نَزَلَ الوَحيُ شَرَّ ما قال لأحَدٍ، قال اللهُ ﵎:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لذلك\".","vol":"18","page":121},{"text":"﴿سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (٩٥) يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ٩٥، ٩٦] قال كَعبٌ: وكُنَّا تَخَلَّفنا أيها الثلاثَةُ عن أمرِ أولَئكَ الذينَ قَبِلَ مِنهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ حَلَفوا له، فبايَعَهُم واستَغفَرَ لَهُم، وأَرجأ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمرَنا حَتَّى قَضَى اللهُ فيه، فبِذَلِكَ قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَعَلَى الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا﴾ ولَيسَ الذِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ تَخَلُّفَنا عن الغَزو، وإِنَّما هو تَخليفُه إيّانا وإِرجاؤُه أمرَنا ممَّن حَلَفَ واعتَذَرَ فقَبِلَ مِنه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أيُّوبَ الطُوسِيُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِم الرازِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَني زَيدُ بن أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رِجالًا مِنَ المُنافِقينَ في عَهدِ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - كان إذا خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - إلَى الغَزوِ تَخَلَّفوا عنه، وفَرِحوا بمَقعَدِهِم خِلافَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فإِذا قَدِمَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - اعتَذَروا إلَيه وحَلَفوا، وأَحَبُّوا أن يُحمَدوا بما لَم يَفعَلوا، فنَزَلَت فيهِم (لَا يَحسَبَنَّ (^٣) الذينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أتَوا ويُحِبُّونَ أن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٩٩٠، ٤٤٦٩، ٧٨٥١، ١٥١١٠)، وسيأتي في (١٨٤٩٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤١٨).\n(^٣) في م: \"تحسبن\". وهي قراءة عاصم وحمزة والكسائى وخلف ويعقوب. وقرأ بالياء نافع وابن كثير وأبو عمرو وابن عامر وأبو جعفر. ينظر النشر ٢/ ٢٨١.","vol":"18","page":122},{"text":"يُحمَدُوا بِمَا لَم يَفعَلوا فلا تَحسَبَنَّهُم بمَفازَةٍ مِنَ العَذابِ) (^١) [آل عمران: ١٨٨].\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الحُلوانِيُّ وابنِ عَسكَرٍ عن ابنِ أبي مَريَمَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِي ﵀: فأَظهَرَ اللهُ ﷿ لِرسولِه - ﷺ - أسرارَهُم وخَبَرَ السَمّاعينَ لَهُم، وابتَغاءَهُم (^٣) أن يَفتِنوا مَن مَعَه بالكَذِبِ والإرجافِ والتَّخذيلِ لَهُم، فأَخبَرَ أنَّه كَرِهَ انبِعاثَهُم إذ كانوا على هذه النّيَّة، فكانَ فيها ما دَلَّ على أن اللهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه أمَرَ أن يُمنَعَ مَن عُرِفَ بما عُرِفوا به مِن أن يَغزوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ؛ لأنَّه (^٤) ضَرَرٌ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ زادَ في تأكيدِ بَيانِ ذَلِكَ بقَولِه: ﴿فَرِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ قرأَ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ﴾ (^٥) [التوبة: ٨١ - ٨٣].\n\n١٧٩٣٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ دِلويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الأزهَرِ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَيُؤَيِّدُ الدينَ بالرَّجُلِ الفاجِرِ\" (^٦). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٥٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٣٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٨٢٨) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٥٦٧)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٧/ ٧).\n(^٣) في م: \"اتباعهم\".\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"لا\".\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ١٦٦.\n(^٦) عبد الرزاق (٩٥٧٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٠٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٥١٩). وتقدم في (١٦٩١٨).","vol":"18","page":123},{"text":"من حديث عبد الرزاق (^١).\n\n١٧٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِر (^٢)، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: نَستَعينُ بقوةِ المُنافِقينَ وإِثمُه عَلَيهِم (^٣). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، فإِن صَحَّ فإِنَّما ورَدَ في مُنافِقينَ لَم يُعرَفوا بالتَّخذيلِ والإرجاف، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٧٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَش، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن حَبَّةَ بنِ جُوَينٍ قال: كُنا مَعَ سَلمانَ في غَزاةٍ ونَحنُ مُصافو العَدوِّ فقالَ: مَن هَؤُلاءِ؟ قالوا: المُشرِكونَ. قال: مَن هَؤُلاءِ؟ قالوا: المُؤمِنونَ. قالَ: فقالَ: هَؤُلاءِ المُشرِكونَ وهَؤُلاءِ المُؤمِنونَ والمُنافِقونَ، فيُؤَيِّدُ اللهُ المُؤمِنينَ بقوةِ المُنافِقينَ، ويَنصُرُ اللهُ المُنافِقينَ بدَعوَةِ المُؤمِنينَ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الأُشناني، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِي، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بَشارٍ العَبدِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ يَعني غُندَرًا، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن عبد الله\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٠٦٢)، ومسلم (١١١/ ١٧٨).\n(^٢) في م: \"معمر\".\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣١١٧٢). ولفظه: نستعين بقوة المنافق وإثمه عليه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٠٩٣٥) - ومن طريقه الفريابي في صفة النفاق وذم المنافقين ص ٩٧ (٥٧) - من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"18","page":124},{"text":"ابنِ سَلِمَةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: إنكم سَتُعانونَ في غَزوِكُم بالمُنافِقينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3769>بابُ ما جاءَ في الاستِعانَةِ بالمُشرِكين</span>\n\n١٧٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الله بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن الفُضَيلِ بنِ أبي عبد الله، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ نيارٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن عائشةَ قالَت: لما خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قِبَلَ بَدرٍ، فلَمَّا كان بحَرةِ الوَبَرَةِ (^٢) أدرَكَه رَجُلٌ قَد كان يُذكَرُ مِنه جُرأَةٌ ونَجدَةٌ، ففَرِحَ أصحابُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - حينَ رأَوه، فلَمّا أدرَكَه [قال: يا رسولَ الله] (^٣)، جِئتُ لأتَبِعَكَ وأُصيبَ مَعَكَ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تُؤمِنُ باللهِ ورسولِهِ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فارجِعْ، فلَن أستعينَ بمُشرِكٍ\". قال: ثُمَّ مَضَى، حتَّى إذا كانَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ أدرَكَه الرَّجُلُ، فقالَ له كما قال أوَّلَ مَرةٍ، [فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - كما قال أوَّلَ مَرةٍ، قال: لا. قال: \"فارجِعْ فلَن أستعينَ بمُشرِك\". قالَت: فرَجَعَ، ثُمَّ أدرَكَه بالبَيداءِ فقالَ له كما قال أوَّلَ مَرةٍ] (^٤): \"تُؤمِنُ بالله ورسولِهِ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"فانطَلِقْ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطاهِرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفريابي في صفة النفاق ص ٩٦ (٥٥) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به بلفظ: إنكم اليوم تستعينون في غزوكم بالمنافقين.\n(^٢) حرة الوبرة: هي على ثلاثة أميال من المدينة، وتسمى اليوم حرة المدينة الغربية، ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٥٣، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١١٤.\n(^٣) في رواية مسلم: \"قال لرسول الله - ﷺ -\".\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٨٦)، وأبو داود (٢٧٣٢)، والترمذي (١٥٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى =","vol":"18","page":125},{"text":"عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِي ﵀: لَعَلَّه رَدَّه رَجاءَ إسلامِه، وذَلِكَ واسِعٌ لِلإمام، وقَد غَزا بيَهودِ بَنِي قَينُقاعَ بَعدَ بَدرٍ، وشَهِدَ صَفوانُ بن أُمَيَّةَ مَعَه (^٢) حُنَينًا بَعدَ الفَتحِ وصَفوانُ مُشرِكٌ (^٣).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: أما شُهودُ صَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ مَعَه حُنَينًا وصَفوانُ مُشرِكٌ، فإِنَّه مَعروفٌ فيما بَينَ أهلِ المَغازِي، وقَد مَضَى بإِسنادِهِ (^٤). وأَمَّا غَزوُه بيَهودِ بَني قَينُقاعَ فإِنِّي لَم أجِدْه إلا مِن حَديثِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ - وهو ضعيفٌ (^٥) - عن الحَكم، [عن مِقسمٍ] (^٦)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: استَعان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بيَهودِ قَينُقاعَ، فرَضَخَ لَهُم (^٧) ولَم يُسهِمْ لَهُم (^٨).\n\n١٧٩٣٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيد الدارميُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن عمرٍو المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن موسَى السيناني، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن\n_________\n= (٨٨٨٦، ١١٦٠٠) من طريق مالك به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٨١٧/ ١٥٠).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٧.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٥٨٦ - ١١٥٩٠).\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٠٧٠).\n(^٦) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٧) الرَّضْخ: العطاء القليل. معجم لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٨) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٣٣، ٣٦٤٧)، والمعرفة (٥٣٥٠).","vol":"18","page":126},{"text":"سعيدِ (^١) بنِ المُنذِر، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ قال: خَرَجَ رسول الله - ﷺ - حَتَّى إذا خَلَّفَ ثَنيَّةَ الوَداعِ إذا كَتيبَةٌ قال: \"مَن هَؤُلاءِ؟ \". قالوا: بَنِي قَينُقاعَ، وهو رَهطُ عبد الله بنِ سَلَامٍ. قالَ: \"وأَسلَموا؟ \". قالوا: لا، بل هُم على دينهم. قال: \"قُلْ لهم فليَرجِعوا؛ فإِنّا لا نَستَعينُ بالمُشرِكينَ\" (^٢). هذا الإسنادُ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٧٩٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا مُكرَمُ بن أحمدَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن رَوحٍ المَدائنيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا المُستَلِمُ بن سعيدٍ الثُّقَفِيُّ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ غَزَواتِه، فأَتَيتُه أنا ورَجُلٌ قبلَ أن نُسلِمَ فقُلنا: إنا نَستَحْيى أن يَشهَدَ قَومُنا مَشهَدًا فلا نَشهَدُه. قال: \"أسلمتما؟ \". قُلنا: لا. قال: \"فإنا لا نَستَعينُ بالمُشرِكينَ على المُشرِكينَ\". فأَسلَمنا وشهِدنا مَعَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، فقَتَلتُ رَجُلًا وضَرَبَنِي الرَّجُلُ ضَربَةً، فتَزَوَّجتُ ابنَتَه، فكانَت تَقولُ: لا عَدِمتَ رَجُلًا وشَّحَكَ هذا الوِشاحَ (^٣). فقُلتُ: لا عَدِمتِ رَجُلًا عَجَّلَ أباكِ إلَى النارِ (^٤). جَده خُبَيبُ بن يَسافٍ، ويُقالُ: إسافٍ. له صحبَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وفي المصادر: \"سَعْد\" بسكون العين، وهو الصواب، ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٦٤، والثقات ٦/ ٣٧٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٠٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٢. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح مشكل الآثار (٢٥٨٠)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٢٠٦٨)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ١٧٦، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥١٤٢) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به بنحوه. وحسنه الألباني في الصحيحة (١١٠١).\n(^٣) أي: ضربك هذه الضربة في موضع الوشاح. النهاية ٥/ ١٨٨.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢١، ١٢٢، وقال: صحيح الإسناد. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٦٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٠٦)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠٩، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٢٧٦٣)، =","vol":"18","page":127},{"text":"١٧٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن الشَّيبانيِّ، أن سَعدَ بنَ مالكٍ غَزا بقَومٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ فرَضَخَ لَهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3770>بابُ مَن يُبدأُ بجِهادِه مِنَ المُشرِكينَ</span>\nقال الشافِعِي ﵀: قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ﴾ (^٢) [التوبة: ١٢٣].\n\n١٧٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - تَهَيّأ لِلحَرب، فقامَ فيما أمَرَه اللهُ ﷿ به مِن جِهادِ عَدوِّه، وقِتالِ مَن أمَرَه به ممَّن يَليه مِن مُشرِكِي العَرَبِ (^٣).\nقال الشافِعِي: فإِنِ اختَلَفَ حالُ العَدوِّ، فكانَ بَعضُهُم أنكَى مِن بَعضٍ، أو أخوَفَ مِن بَعضٍ، فليَبدأَ الإمامُ بالعَدوِّ الأخوَفِ أوِ الأنكَى، وإِن كانَت دارُه أبْعدَ إن شاءَ اللهُ، وتكونُ هذه بمَنزِلَةِ ضَرورَةٍ. قال: وقَد بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عن الحارِثِ بنِ أبي ضِرارٍ أنَّه يَجمَعُ له، فأَغارَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عَلَيه وقُربَه عَدوٌّ\n_________\n= والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٥٧٧) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧١٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٦٨.\n(^٣) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٥٩٠.","vol":"18","page":128},{"text":"أقرَبُ مِنه (^١).\n\n١٧٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ حَبانَ وعاصِمُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرٍ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - بَلَغَه أن بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ يَجمَعونَ له، وقائدُهُم الحارِثُ بن أبي ضِرارٍ أبو جوَيريَةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فسارَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى نَزَلَ بالمُرَيسيعِ - ماءٍ مِن مياه بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ - فأَعَدّوا لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فتَزاحَفَ النّاسُ فاقتَتَلوا، [فهَزَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَنِي المُصطَلِق، فقَتَلَ مَن قَتَلَ مِنهُم، ونَفَّلَ] (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أبناءَهُم وأَموالَهُم ونِساءَهُم، فأَقامَ عَلَيه (^٣) مِن ناحيَةِ قُدَيدٍ إلَى السّاحِلِ. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: غَزاها رسولُ الله - ﷺ - في شعبانَ سنةَ سِتٍّ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سلَيمُ بن أخضَرَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى نافِعٍ أسأَلُه عنِ الدُّعاءِ قبلَ القِتالِ. قال: فكَتَبَ: إنَّما كان ذاكَ في\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٦٨.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) في س، حاشية الأصل: \"عليهم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤٦، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٩٠، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٦٦٧، والطبراني ٢٤/ ٦٠ (١٥٨). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٤٢: رواه الطبراني ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"18","page":129},{"text":"أوَّلِ الإسلامِ؛ قَد أغارَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - على بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وهُم غارونَ (^١) وأَنعامُهُم تُسقَى على الماء، فقَتَلَ مُقاتِلَتَهُم وسَبَى سَبيَهُم، وأَصابَ يَومَئذٍ، أحسِبُه قال: جوَيريَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ. حَدَّثَنِي بهَذا الحديثِ عبدُ الله بن عُمَرَ وكانَ في ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِي ﵀: وبَلَغَه أن خالِدَ بنَ سُفيانَ بنِ نبيحٍ يَجمَعُ له، فأَرسَلَ ابنَ أُنَيسٍ فقَتَلَه وقُربَه عَدو أقرَبُ مِنه (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو علي الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عمرٍو أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِث، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن ابنِ عبد الله بنِ أُنَيسٍ، عن أبيه قال: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ الله - ﷺ - إلَى خالِدِ بنِ سُفيانَ الهُذَليِّ وكانَ نَحوَ عُرَنَةَ وعَرَفاتٍ فقالَ: \"اذهَبْ فاقتُلْه\". قال: فرأيتُه وحَضَرَت صَلاةُ العَصر، فقُلتُ: إنِّي لأخافُ أن يَكونَ بَينِي وبَينَه ما أن أُؤَخِّرَ الصَّلاةَ. فانطَلَقتُ أمشِي وأَنا أُصلِّي أومِئُ إيماءً نَحوَه، فلَمّا دَنَوتُ مِنه قال لي: مَن أنتَ؟ قُلتُ: رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ بَلَغَني أنكَ تَجمَعُ لِهَذا الرَّجُل، فجِئتُكَ في ذاكَ. قال: إنِّي لَفِي ذاكَ. فمَشَيتُ مَعَه ساعَةً، حتَّى إذا أمكَنَني عَلَوتُه بسَيفِي حتَّى بَرَدَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) غارون: غافلون لم يشعروا. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ١/ ٦٥٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٥٧، ٥١٢٤)، والبخارى (٢٥٤١)، وأبو داود (٢٦٣٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٨٥) من طريق ابن عون به. وسيأتي في (١٨٠٢٩، ١٨٠٧٨، ١٨٢٨١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٣٠/ ١).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٦٨.\n(^٥) في م: \"برك\".","vol":"18","page":130},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3771>بابُ ما يُبدأُ به مِن سَدِّ أطراف المُسلِمينَ بالرِّجالِ</span>\n\n١٧٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بن عبد المَلِك، حدثنا لَيثُ بن سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الله بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرني اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى القُرَشِي، عن مَكحولٍ، عن شُرَحبيلَ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِيّ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن رابَطَ يَومًا ولَيلَةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ كان له أجرُ صيامِ شَهرٍ وقيامِه، ومَن ماتَ مُرابِطًا جَرَى (^١) له مِثلُ الأجر، وأُجرِيَ عَلَيه الرزقُ، وأُومِنَ الفَتّانَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن شُرَيحٍ، عن عبد الكَريمِ بنِ الحارِث، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ السِّمْط، عن سَلمانَ\n_________\n= والحديث عند أبي داود (١٢٤٩)، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٦١٩، ٦٢٠ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٠٤٧)، وابن خزيمة (٩٨٣)، وابن حبان (٧١٦٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٢٧١).\n(^١) في ص ٩، م: \"أجرى\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٤٩)، والحاكم ٢/ ٨٠. وأخرجه النسائي (٣١٦٨)، وابن حبان (٤٦٢٣، ٤٦٢٦) من طريق الليث به. وابن حبان (٤٦٢٥) من طريق مكحول به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩١٣/ ١٦٣).","vol":"18","page":131},{"text":"الخَير، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا هاشمُ بنُ القاسِم، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد الله بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ الساعِدِي، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رِباطُ يَومٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها، والرَّوحةُ يَروحُها العبَدُ في سَبيلِ الله أوِ الغَدوَةُ، خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها، ومَوضِعُ سَوطِ أحَدِكُم في الجَنَّةِ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما عَلَيها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد الله بنِ مُنيرٍ عن أبي النَّضرِ هاشِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بن الفَضل، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا لَيثُ بن سَعد، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ زُهرَةُ بن مَعبَدٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ مَولَى عثمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: إنِّي كُنتُ كَتَمتُكُم حَديثًا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ الله - ﷺ -؛ كَراهيَةَ تَفَرُّقِكُم عَنِّي، ثُمَّ بَدا لي أن أُحَدِّثَكُموه؛ ليَختارَ امرُؤ مِنكُم لِنَفسِه ما\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٠. وأخرجه النسائي (٣١٦٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. والترمذي (١٦٦٥) من طريق شرحبيل به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩١٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٢٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٧٢)، والترمذي (١٦٦٤) من طريق هاشم بن القاسم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٩٢).","vol":"18","page":132},{"text":"بَدا له، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"رِباطُ يَومٍ في سبيلِ اللهِ خَيرٌ مِن ألفِ يَومٍ فيما سِواه مِنَ المَنازِلِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3772>باب ما يَفعَله الإمامُ مِنَ الحصونِ والخَنادِقِ وكلِّ أمرٍ دَفَعَ العَدوَّ قبلَ انتيابِهِ</span>\n\n١٧٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، وأبوالفَضلِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي قِراءَةً قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِي، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: جاءَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ونَحنُ نَحفِرُ الخَندَقَ ونَنقُلُ التُّرابَ على أكتافِنا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اللَّهُمَّ لا عَيشَ إلَّا عَيشُ الآخِرَة، فاغفِر لِلمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِي، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبد العَزيزِ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد الله الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَني أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن مِهرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان المُهاجِرونَ والأنصارُ يَحفِرونَ الخَندَقَ حَولَ المَدينَة، ويَنقُلونَ التُّرابَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٧٠، ٥٥٨)، والترمذي (١٦٦٧)، والنسائي (٣١٦٩) من طريق الليث به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤١٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨١٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣١٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبي حازم به. وتقدم في (١٣٤٥٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٠٩٨)، ومسلم (١٨٠٤/ ١٢٦).","vol":"18","page":133},{"text":"على مُتونِهِم (^١) ويَقولونَ:\nنَحنُ الَّذينَ بايَعوا محمدًا ... على الإسلامِ ما بَقِينا أبَدَا\nقال: ويَقولُ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وهو يُجيبُهُم: \"اللَّهُمَّ لا خَيرَ إلَّا خَيرُ الآخِرَه، فبارِكْ في الأنصارِ والمُهاجِرَه\". قال: ويُؤتَونَ بمِلءِ (^٢) جَفنَتَينِ شَعيرًا، فيُصنع لَهُم إهالَةٌ سَنِخَةٌ (^٣) وهِيَ بَشِعَةٌ في الحَلقِ ولَها ريحٌ مُنكَرَةٌ، فيوضَعُ بَينَ يَدَي القَومِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٥) عن عبد الوارِثِ (^٦).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3773>بابُ ما يَجِبُ على الإمامِ مِنَ الغَزوِ بنَفسِه أو بسَراياه في كلِّ عامٍ على حُسنِ النَّظَرِ لِلمُسلِميَن، حَتَّى لا يَكونَ الجِهادُ مُعَطَّلًا في عامٍ إلَّا مِن عُذرٍ</span>\n\n١٧٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) المتن: مكتنف الصلب بين اللحم والعصب. فتح الباري ٧/ ٣٩٤.\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"بمثل\". وفي حاشيته كالمثبت.\n(^٣) الإهالة: ما يؤتدم به من الإدام، وسنخة: أي: تغير طعمها ولونها من قدمها. النهاية ١/ ١٩٩، ٢/ ٧٨٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤١٢، وأبو يعلى (٣٩١٣). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣١٨)، وأبو عوانة (٦٩٤٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والحاكم ٤/ ١١٧، ١١٨ من طريق عبد العزيز به.\n(^٥) في م: \"نعيم\".\n(^٦) البخاري (٤١٠٠).","vol":"18","page":134},{"text":"هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَضمَّنَ اللهُ لمن خَرَجَ في سَبيلِه لا يُخرِجُه إلَّا إيمانًا به وتَصديقًا (^١) برسولِه، أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ أو يَرجِعَه إذا رَجَعَ إلَى مَنزِلِه نائلًا ما نالَ من أجرٍ أو غَنيمَةٍ، والذي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِي ما تَخَلفتُ خِلافَ سَريَّةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ اللهِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد الله يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَزالُ طائفَةٌ من أُمتِي يُقاتِلونَ على الحَق ظاهِرينَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ عبد اللهِ وغَيرِه عن حَجاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3774>بابٌ: الإمامُ يُغزِي مِن أهلِ دارٍ مِنَ المُسلِميَن بَعضَهُم، ويُخَلِّفُ مِنهُم في دارِهِم مَن يَمنَعُ دارَهُم</span>\n\n١٧٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكر محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) لفظ مسلم: \"لا يخرجه إلا جهادًا ... \". قال الإمام النووي: منصوب على أنه مفعول له، وتقديره: لا يخرجه المخرج ويحركه المحرك إلا للجهاد والإيمان والتصديق. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٣/ ٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٤٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٥٤١، ١٩٥٤٣) من طريق سهيل بن أبي صالح به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٢٧)، وابن حبان (٦٨١٩) من طريق حجاج به مطولًا. والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٠٧٧) من طريق أبي الزبير به. وسيأتي في (١٨٦٥٥).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٢٣/ ١٧٣).","vol":"18","page":135},{"text":"عن الحَكَم، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدٍ قال: خَلَّفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عليّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أتُخَلِّفُني في (^١) النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ؟ فقالَ: \"أما تَرضَى أن تَكونَ مِنِّي بمَنزِلَةِ هارونَ مِن موسَى، غَيرَ أنَّه لا نَبِيَّ بَعدِي؟ \" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنا الدَّراوَردِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي خُثَيمُ بن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى خَيبَرَ، فاستَخلَفَ سِباعَ بنَ عُرفُطَةَ على المدينَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَضَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِسَفَرِه إلَى مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتح، واستَعمَلَ على - المَدينَةِ أبا رُهْمٍ كُلثومَ بنَ الحُصَينِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ خَلَفٍ الغِفارِيَّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"و\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٢٠، والطيالسى (٢٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨١٤١، ٨٤٤١)، وابن حبان (٦٩٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٤١٦)، ومسلم (٢٤٠٤/ ٣١).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٦٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٥٢)، وابن خزيمة (١٠٣٩)، والطبراني (٢٨٠١) من طريق خثيم به. وتقدم في (٤٠٧٧). وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٥٥: إسناده جيد.\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٩، ٢٠. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٢)، والطبراني (٧٢٦٤)، والحاكم =","vol":"18","page":136},{"text":"١٧٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى المَهرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ إلَى بَنِي لِحيانَ وقالَ: \"ليَخرُجْ مِن كُلِّ رَجلَينِ رَجُلٌ\". ثُمَّ قال لِلقاعِدِ: \"أيُّكُمْ خَلَفَ الخارِجَ في أهلِه ومالِه بخَيرٍ كَان له مِثلُ نِصفِ أجرِ الخارِجِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَربُ بن شَدَّادٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سعيدٍ مَولَى المَهرِيِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ بَعثًا إلَى بَنِي لِحيانَ مِن هُذَيلٍ قال: \"ليَنبَعِثْ مِن كُلِّ رَجُلَينِ أحَدُهُما، والأجرُ بَينَهُما\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n= ٣/ ٥٩٣ من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٦٤: رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجاله رجال الصحيح غير ابن إسحاق وقد صرح بالسماع.\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٥٥٩)، وفي المعرفة (٥٣٢٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ٨٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١١١١٠)، وأبو داود (٢٥١٠)، وابن حبان (٤٦٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وسيأتي في (١٧٩٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٩٦/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٣١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٨٦٧) من طريق روح به. وأبو يعلى (١٢٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.","vol":"18","page":137},{"text":"مِن أوجُهٍ عن يَحيَى، ومِن حَديثِ عبد الوارِثِ عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3775>بابُ ما على الوالي مِن أمرِ الجَيشِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولا يَنبَغِي أن يوَلِّيَ الإمامُ الغَزوَ إلَّا ثِقَةً في دينِه، شُجاعًا ببَدَنِه، حَسَنَ الأناة، عاقِلًا لِلحَرب، بَصيرًا بها، غَيرَ عَجِلٍ ولا نَزِقٍ (^٢)، ويَتَقَدَّمُ إلَيه ألَّا يَحمِلَ المُسلِمينَ على مَهلَكَةٍ بحالٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَبَّادٍ المَكِّي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمٌ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سلمةَ بنَ الأكوَعِ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - سَبْعَ غَزَواتٍ، وخَرَجتُ فيما يَبعَثُ مِنَ البُعوثِ سَبعَ مراتٍ (^٤)؛ مَرَّةً عَلَينا أبو بكرٍ، ومَرَّةً عَلَينا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ، وقالَ محمدٌ في الثَّانيَةِ: تِسعَ غَزَواتٍ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٦)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٧/ ١٨٩٦).\n(^٢) النَّزَق: الخفة والعجلة في كلّ أمر في جهل وحمق. ينظر لسان العرب ١٠/ ٣٥٢ (ن ز ق).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٦٩.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل، ص ٨: \"غزوات\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٥٧، ٤٥٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٤٣) من طريق يزيد به بنحوه.\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٢٧٠)، ومسلم (١٨١٥/ ...).","vol":"18","page":138},{"text":"ابنِ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيِّ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، عن يَزيدَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ، ومَعَ زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ تِسعَ غَزَواتٍ، كان يُؤَمِّرُه عَلَينا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٥٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ إملاءً، وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قِراءَةً (^٤) قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن المُنذِرِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ (^٥) قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عمرَو بنَ العاصِ في سَريَّةٍ فيهِم أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ - ﵄ -، فلَمَّا انتَهَوا إلَى مَكانِ الحَربِ أمَرَهُم عمرٌو ألّا يُنَوِّروا نارًا، فغَضبَ عُمَرُ وهَمَّ أن يأتيَه، فنَهاه أبو بكرٍ، وأَخبَرَه أنَّه لَم يَستَعمِلْه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيكَ إلَّا لِعِلمِه بالحَرب، فهَدأ عنه عُمَرُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨١٥/ ١٤٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٢٨٢) عن أبي مسلم به. وابن حبان (٧١٧٤) من طريق أبي عاصم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٧٢١).\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) في م: \"يزيد\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٦) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤٠٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٢٣١)، وابن راهويه في مسنده - كما في المطالب العالية ٥/ ٤٨٠ (٢٣٣٣) - من طريق المنذر بمعناه. وقال البوصيرى في إتحاف الخيرة المهرة ٥/ ٦٩: هذا إسناد فيه مقال؛ المنذر بن ثعلبة ما علمته بعد، وابن بريدة لَمْ يسمع من عمر بن الخطاب.","vol":"18","page":139},{"text":"١٧٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بشرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَن بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المَليح، أن عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ زيادٍ عادَ مَعقِلَ بنَ يَسارٍ في مَرَضِه فقالَ له مَعقِلٌ: إنِّي مُحَدِّثُكَ بحَديثٍ، لَولا أنِّي في المَوتِ لَم أُحَدِّثْكَ به؛ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن أميرٍ يَلِي أمرَ المُسلِمينَ، ثُمَّ لا يَجهَدُ لَهُم ولا يَنصحُ، إِلَّا لَم يَدخُلْ مَعَهُمُ الجَنَّةَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ وغَيرِهِ. عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ بن فرّوخَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: عادَ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن زيادٍ مَعقِلَ بنَ يَسارٍ المُزَنِيَّ في مَرَضِه الَّذِي ماتَ فيه، فقالَ مَعقِلٌ: إنِّي مُحَدِّثُكَ حَديثًا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. يقولُ: لَو عَلِمتُ أن بي حَياةً ما حَدَّثتُكَ، إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن عبدٍ يَستَرعيه اللهُ (^٣) رَعيَّةً، يَموتُ يَومَ يَموتُ وهو غاشٌّ لِرَعيَيّه، إلَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٥٣٩)، والشعب (٧٣٦٣)، والاعتقاد ص ٣٢١. وتقدم في (١٦٧١٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٢/ عقب ٢٢٩)، ٣/ ١٤٦٠ (٢٢/ ١٤٢).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٣٦٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٩٥) من طريق شيان به. وأحمد (٢٠٢٩١، ٢٠٣١٥) من طريق الحسن به.","vol":"18","page":140},{"text":"أبي نُعَيمٍ عن أبي الأشهَبِ (^١).\nوروّينا في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن سُلَيمان بنِ بُريدَةَ عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على سَريَّةٍ أو جَيشٍ، أوصاه في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه بتَقوَى الله، وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَيرًا (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٦٠ - أخبرنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنَّا مَعَ جَريرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ في غَزوَةٍ، فأَصابَتنَا مَخمَصَةٌ، فكَتبَ جَريرٌ إلَى مُعاويَةَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن لا يَرحَمِ النّاسَ لا يَرحَمْه اللَّهُ\". قال: وكَتَبَ مُعاويَةُ أن يَقفُلوا، قال: ومَتَّعَهم. قال أبو إسحاقَ: فأَنا أدرَكتُ قَطيفَةً مِمَّا مَتَّعَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٦١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِي، حَدَّثَنَا سفيان بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ قال: قال جَريرُ بن عبد اللَّهِ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَرحَمُ اللهُ مَن لا يَرحَمُ النّاسَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٤٢/ ٢٢٧)، والبخاري (٧١٥٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٨٢٢).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٤١) من طريق أبي إسحاق به مقتصرًا على المرفوع.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الآداب (٣٦). وأخرجه الحميدي (٨٠٣) عن سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":141},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ مِهرانَ العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي قابوسَ - مَولًى لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ - عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاص، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"الرَّاحِمونَ يَرحَمُهُمُ الرحمنُ (^٢)، ارحَموا مَن في الأرضِ يَرحَمْكُم مَن في السَّماءِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِي، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ قال: استَعمَلَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي أسَدٍ على عَمَلٍ، فجاءَ يأخُذُ عَهدَه، قال: فأُتِيَ عُمَرُ ببَعضِ ولَدِه فقَبَّلَه، قال: أتُقَبِّلُ هَذا؟ ما قَبَّلتُ ولَدًا قَطُّ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: فأَنتَ بالنّاسِ أقَل رَحمَةً، هاتِ عَهدَنا، لا تَعمَلْ لِي عَمَلًا أبَدًا (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٣١٩/ ...).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"الله\"، وفي حاشيته كالمثبت.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (١١٠٤٨)، والآداب (٣٨)، والأسماء والصفات (٨٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٩٤)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤١)، والترمذي (١٩٢٤) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه هاد بن السرى في الزهد (١٣٣٢) عن أبي معاوية به.","vol":"18","page":142},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَهدِيُّ بن مَيمونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي فِراسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وهو يَخطُبُ النّاسَ فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّه قَد أتَى عليّ زَمانٌ وأَنا أرَى أن مَن قرأَ القُرآنَ يُريدُ به اللَّهَ وما عِندَه، فيُخَيَّلُ إلَيَّ بأَخَرَةٍ أن قَومًا قَرءوه يُريدونَ به النّاسَ، ويُريدونَ به الدُّنيا، إلا فأَريدوا اللَّهَ بقِراءَتِكُم، إلا فأَريدوا اللَّهَ بأَعمالِكُم، ألا إنَّما كُنّا نَعرِفُكُم إذ يَتَنَزَّلُ الوَحيّ، وإِذِ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بَينَ أظهُرِنا، وإِذ نَبّأَنا اللَّهُ مِن أخبارِكُم، فقَدِ انقَطَعَ الوَحيّ، وذَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فإِنَّما نَعرِفُكُم بما أقولُ لَكُم، إلا مَن رأَينا مِنه خَيرًا ظَنَنّا به خَيرًا وأَحبَبناه عَلَيه، ومَن رأينا مِنه شَرًّا ظَنَنّا به شَرًّا وأَبغَضناه عَلَيه، سَرائرُكُم بَينَكُم وبَينَ رَبِّكُم، ألا إنَّما أبعَثُ عُمّالِي ليُعَلِّموكُم دينَكُم وليُعَلِّموكُم سُنَنَكم (^١)، ولا أبعَثُهُم ليَضرِبوا ظُهورَكُم ولا ليأخُذوا أموالَكُم، ألا فمَن رابَه شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ فليَرفَعْه إلَيَّ، فوالَّذِي نَفسُ عُمَرَ بيَدِه لأُقِصَّنَّ مِنه. فقامَ عمرُو بن العاصِ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إن بَعَثتَ عامِلًا مِن عُمّالِكَ، فأَدَّبَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ رَعيَّتِه فضرَبَه، إنَّكَ لَمُقِصُّه مِنه؟ قالَ: نَعَم والَّذِي نَفسُ عُمَرَ بيَدِه لأُقِصَّنَّ مِنه، وقَد رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يُقِصُّ مِن نَفسِه، ألا لا تَضرِبوا المُسلِمينَ فتُذِلُّوهُم، ولا تَمنَعوهُم حُقوقَهُم فتُكفِروهُم، ولا تُجَمِّروهُم فتَفتِنوهُم، ولا تُنزِلوهُمُ الغياضَ فتُضَيِّعوهُم (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سنتكم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٦)، وأبو داود (٤٥٣٧) مختصرًا، والنسائي (٤٧٩١) من طريق الجريرى به.\nوتقدم في (١٦١١٠، ١٧٩٠٦). وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٥٨: أبو فراس النهدى لا يعرف.","vol":"18","page":143},{"text":"محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ سألَه: إذا حاصَرتُمُ المَدينَةَ كَيفَ تَصنَعونَ؟ قال: نَبعَثُ الرَّجُلَ إلَى المَدينَةِ ونَصنَعُ له هَنَةً (^١) مِن جُلود. قال: أرأيتَ إن رُمِيَ بحَجَرٍ. قال: إذن يُقتَلَ. قال: فلا تَفعَلوا، فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، ما يَسُرُّنِي أن تَفتَتِحوا مَدينَةً فيها أربَعَةُ آلافِ مُقاتِل بتَضييعِ رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ ويَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: أصابَ النّاسَ سَنَةٌ غَلا فيها السَّمنُ، فكانَ عُمَرُ يأكُلُ الزَّيتَ فيُقَرقِرُ بَطنُه. وفي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى قال: وكانَ عُمَرُ يأكُلُه، فلَمَّا قَلَّ قال: لا آكُلُه حَتَّى يأكُلَه النّاسُ. قال: فكانَ يأكُلُ الزَّيتَ فيُقَرقِرُ بَطنُه. قال ابنُ مُكرَمٍ في رِوايَتِه: فقالَ: قَرقِرْ ما شِئتَ، فواللهِ لا آكلُ (^٣) السَّمنَ حَتَّى يأكُلَه النّاسُ. ثُمَّ قال لِي: اكسِرْ حَرَّه عَنِّي بالنَّارِ. فكُنتُ أطبُخُه له فيأكُلُه (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٦٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"هتنا\"، وفي المهذب ٧/ ٣٥٥٨: \"هنتًا\". والهنة: الشئ اليسير.\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٢٦)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٥٢. وأخرجه إسماعيل بن جعفر (١٠٢) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨: \"تأكل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في الزهد ص ١٢٠ عن يزيد به.","vol":"18","page":144},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن طاوُسٍ وعِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، أن حَفصةَ وابنَ مُطيعٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كَلَّموا عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فقالوا: لَو أكَلتَ طَعامًا طَيِّبًا كان أقوَى لَكَ على الحَقِّ. قال: أكُلُّكُم على هذا الرَّأي؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: قَد عَلِمتُ أنَّه لَيسَ مِنكُم إلَّا ناصحٌ، ولَكِن تَرَكتُ صاحِبَيَّ على جادَّةٍ، فإِن تَرَكتُ جادَّتَهُما لَم أُدرِكْهُما في المَنزِلِ. قال: وأَصابَ النّاسَ سَنةٌ، فما أكَلَ عامَئذٍ سَمنًا ولا سَمينًا حَتَّى أحيا النّاسُ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ يَزيدَ الهُذَلِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ السَّائبَ بنَ يَزيدَ يقولُ: لَمّا كانَتِ الرَمادَةُ أصابَ النّاسُ جوعًا شَديدًا، فلَمَّا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ رَكِبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ دابَّةً له، فرأى في رَوْثِها شَعيرًا فقالَ: واللَّهِ لا أركَبُها حَتَّى يَحسُنَ حالُ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٦٩ - ورُوِّينا عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ أن عُتبَةَ بنَ فرقَدٍ بَعَثَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ مِن أذَربَيجانَ بخَبيصٍ (^٣)، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أيَشبَعُ (^٤) المُسلِمونَ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٥٦٧٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٨) وفيه: معمر عن ابن طاوس عن عكرمة ... وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٤/ ٢٩٠، ٢٩١ من طريق المصنّف كما في مصنف عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ٣١٢ - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٤/ ٣٤٦ - من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد به.\n(^٣) الخبيص: حلواء تعمل من التمر والسمن. انظر تاج العروس ١٧/ ٥٤٢ (خ ب ص).\n(^٤) في س، حاشية الأصل: \"أشبع\".","vol":"18","page":145},{"text":"رِحالِهِم مِن هذا؟ فقالَ الرَّسولُ: اللَّهُمَّ لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا أُريدُه. وكَتَبَ إلَى عُتبَةَ: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّه لَيسَ مِن كَدِّكَ، ولا مِن كَدِّ أبيكَ، ولا مِن كَدِّ أُمِّكَ، فأَشبعْ مَن قِبَلَكَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ في رِحالِهِم مِمَّا تَشبَعُ مِنه في رَحلِكَ. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرير، عن عاصمٍ الأحوَل، عن أبي عثمانَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٧٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ (^٢) الواسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ حَرمَلَةَ المِصرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ - ﵂ - فقالَت: مِمَّن أنتَ؟ قُلتُ: مِن أهلِ مِصرَ. قالَت: كَيفَ وجَدتُمُ ابنَ حُدَيجٍ (^٣) في غَزاتِكُم هَذِهِ؟ قُلتُ: خَيرَ أميرٍ؛ ما يَنفَقُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنّا فرَسٌ ولا بَعيرٌ إلَّا أبدَلَ له مَكانَه بَعيرًا، ولا غُلامٌ إلَّا أبدَلَ له مَكانَه غُلامًا. فقالَت: إنَّه لا يَمنَعُنِي قَتلُه أخِي (^٤) أن أُحَدِّثَكُم ما سَمِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ، إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ مَن ولِيَ مِن أمرِ أُمَّتِي شَيئًا فرَفَقَ بهِم فارفُقْ به، ومَن شَقَّ عَلَيهِم فاشقُقْ عَلَيه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى في مسنده - كما في المطالب العالية ٥/ ٤٦٤ (٢٣١٢). وأخرجه مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٢) من طريق عاصم به. وتقدم في (٦١٤٨)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٤٤٠).\n(^٢) في م: \"سلمة\". وينظر لسان الميزان ٥/ ٣٨١.\n(^٣) هو معاوية بن حديج بن جفنة أبو نعيم السكوني، يعد في المصريين، أمَّره معاوية - ﵁ - على الجيش الذي جهزه إلى مصر وبها محمد بن أبي بكر الصديق، فقتلوا محمدًا. ينظر الإصابة ١٠/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن أبي بكر الصديق. ينظر الإصابة ١٠/ ٣٧١، ٣٧٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١١/ ٤٧٧ - من طريق =","vol":"18","page":146},{"text":"١٧٩٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَسَّانَ العَطّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَرمَلَةَ المِصرِيَّ (^١) يُحَدِّثُ عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ، عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمِ عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مهدِيٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٧٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي العباس، عن عبد اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَعنِي حينَ حاصَرَ أهلَ الطّائفِ فلَم يَنَلْ (^٤) مِنهُم شَيئًا: \"إنَّما قافِلونَ غَدًا إِن شاءَ اللهُ\". فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: كَيفَ نَذهَبُ ولَم نَفتَحْ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"فاغدوا لِلقِتالِ\". فغَدَوا عَلَيهِم فأَصابَتهُم جِراحَةٌ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما قافِلونَ غَدًا\". فأَعجَبَهُم ذَلِكَ. قال: فضحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ\n_________\n= وهب ابن جرير به، بذكر المرفوع دون القصة. وسيأتي في (٢٠٤٩٦).\n(^١) في الأصل، س، ص ٨: \"الحضرمي\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٥٤٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٩٩) عن ابن مهدى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٢٨/ عقب ١٩).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"ننل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٨٨) عن سفيان من حديث ابن عمر. وابن حبان من طريق سفيان من حديث ابن عمرو. وينظر فتح الباري ٨/ ٤٤، ٤٥.","vol":"18","page":147},{"text":"المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ عُيَينَة (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3776>بابُ مَن تَبَرَّعَ بالتَّعرُّضِ لِلقَتلِ رَجاءَ إحدَى الحُسنَيَينِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَد بورِزَ بَينَ يَدَيْ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ حاسِرًا على جَماعَةِ المُشرِكينَ يَومَ بَدرٍ بَعدَ إعلامِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إيّاه بما في ذَلِكَ مِنَ الخَيرِ فقُتِلَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هو عَوفُ ابنُ عَفراءَ فيما ذَكَرَهُ ابنُ إسحاقَ عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، وذَلِكَ مَعَ ذِكرِ مَن بارَزَ بَين يَدَيه يَرِدُ في مَوضِعِه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٧٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو النَّضر، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ يَعني ابنَ المُغيرَة، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، فذَكَرَ شَيئًا مِن قِصَّةِ بَدرٍ قال: فدَنا المُشرِكونَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ: \"قوموا إلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرضُها السَّماواتُ والأرضُ\". قال: يقولُ عُمَيرُ بن الحُمامِ الأنصارِيُّ: يا رسول الله، عَرضها السَّماواتُ والأرضُ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم\". قال: بَخٍ بَخٍ. قالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما يَحمِلُكَ على قَولِكَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ؟ \". قال: لا واللهِ يا رسولَ الله، إلَّا رَجاةَ (^٤) أن أكونَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٣٢٥)، ومسلم (١٧٧٨/ ٨٢).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٦٩.\n(^٣) يأتي حديث عوف في (١٨٢٤٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"رجاء\" وهما بمعنى. وينظر التاج ٣٨/ ١٢٨ (ر ج و).","vol":"18","page":148},{"text":"مِن أهلِها. قال: \"فإِنَّكَ مِن أهلِها\". قال: فأَخرَجَ تَمَراتٍ مِن قَرَنِه (^١) فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ مِنهُنَّ ثُمَّ قال: لَئن أنا حَييتُ حَتَّى آكُلَ (^٢) تَمَراتِي هذه إنَّها لَحَياةٌ طَويلَةٌ. قال: فرَمَى بما كان مَعَه مِنَ التَّمر، ثُمَّ قاتَلَهُم حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي النَّضرِ وغَيرِه عن أبي النَّضرِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسمَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقول: قال رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ: أرأَيتَ إن قُتِلتُ يا رسولَ الله، أينَ أنا؟ قال: \"في الجَنَّةِ\". فأَلقَى تُمَيراتٍ كُنَّ في يَدِه ثُمَّ قاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٦).\n\n١٧٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّضرَ بنَ أنَسٍ - عَمَّ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - غابَ عن قِتالِ بَدرٍ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ قال: غِبتُ عن أوَّلِ قِتالٍ قاتَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) القَرَن: جعبة السهام. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"من\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٩٨) عن هاشم بن القاسم أبي النضر به. وسيأتي في (١٨٢٤٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٠١/ ١٤٥).\n(^٥) الحميدي (١٢٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣١٤)، والنسائي (٣١٥٤) وابن حبان (٤٦٥٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٠٤٦)، ومسلم (١٨٨٩/ ١٤٣).","vol":"18","page":149},{"text":"المُشرِكينَ، لَئنِ أشهَدَنِي اللهُ قِتالًا لَيَرَيَنَّ اللهُ ما أصنَعُ. فلَمّا كان يَومُ أُحُدٍ انكَشَفَ المُسلِمونَ فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أبرأُ إلَيكَ مِمَّا جاءَ به هَؤُلاءِ - يَعنِي المُشرِكينَ - وأَعتَذَرُ إلَيكَ مِمَّا صنَعَ هَؤُلاءِ - يَعنِي المُسلِمينَ - ثُمَّ مَشَى بسَيفِه، فلَقِيَه سَعدُ بن مُعاذٍ فقالَ: أي سَعدُ، والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه إنِّي لأجِدُ ريحَ الجَنَّةِ دونَ أُحُدٍ، واهًا لِريحِ الجَنَةِ. قال سَعدٌ: فما استَطَعتُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ما صَنَعَ. فوَجَدناه بَينَ القَتلَى وبِه بضعٌ وثَمانونَ جِراحَةً؛ مِن ضَربَةٍ بسَيفٍ، وطَعنَةٍ برُمحٍ، ورَميَةٍ بسَهمٍ، وقَد مَثَّلوا به حَتَّى عَرَفَته أُختُه ببَنانِهِ. قال أنَسٌ: كُنَّا نَقولُ: أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٣] فيه وفي أصحابِهِ (^١). كَذا في كِتابِي، والصَّوابُ: أنَسَ بنَ النَّضرِ. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُمَيدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الخطابِ بنِ عُمَرَ الأنصارِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِيُّ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا هُدبَةُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ وثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُفرِدَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ في سَبعَةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ ورَجُلَينِ مِن قُرَيشٍ، فلَمّا رَهَقوه قال: \"مَن يَرُدُّهُم عَنّا ولَه الجَنَّةُ؟ أو: هو رَفيقِي في الجَنَّةِ؟ \". فتَقَدَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقاتَل حَتَّى قُتِلَ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٨٥)، والترمذي (٣٢٠١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٠٣) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٠٥، ٤٠٤٨)، ومسلم (١٩٠٣/ ١٤٨).","vol":"18","page":150},{"text":"رَهَقوه أيضًا فقالَ: \"مَن يَرُدُّهُم عَنَّا ولَه الجَنَّةُ؟ أو: هو رَفيقِي في الجَنَّةِ؟ \". فتَقَدَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، فلَم يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ السَّبعَةُ، فقالَ رسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِصاحِبَيه: \"مما أنصفْنا أصحابَنا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَدّابِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بن الوازِعِ قال: سَمِعتُ أيّوبَ السَّختِيانِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن بَعضِ بَنِي أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ - قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: أُراه ثُمامَةَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أنَسٍ - عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: مَرَرتُ يَومَ اليَمامَةِ بثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ وهو يَتَحَنَّطُ (^٣) فقلت: يا عَمّ، أمَا تَرَى ما يَلقَى المُسلِمونَ. أي وأَنتَ ههَنُا؟ قال: فتَبَسَّمَ ثُمَّ قال: الآنَ يا ابنَ أخِي. فَلَبِسَ سِلاحَه ورَكِبَ فرَسَه حَتَّى أتَى الصَّفَّ فقالَ: أُفٍّ لِهؤُلاءِ ولِما يَصنَعونَ. وقالَ لِلعَدِوِّ: أُفٍّ لِهَؤُلاءِ ولِما يَعبُدونَ، خَلُّوا عن سَبيلِه. أو قال: سَنَنِه (^٤) - يَعنِي فرَسَه - حَتَّى أصْلَى بحَرِّها. فحَمَلَ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧١٨) من طريق هدبة به. وأحمد (١٤٠٥٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٥١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٨٩/ ١٠٠).\n(^٣) يتحنط: أي يستعمل الحنوط، وهو ما يحنط به الموتى من الطيب والكافور. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢١٨.\n(^٤) يقال: تنح عن سَنَن الطريق، وعن سَنن الخيل: أي عن طريقها. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ١١١.\n(^٥) ابن المبارك في الجهاد (١٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٥٦٦، ٣٤٢٨٣) من طريق ابن علية عن =","vol":"18","page":151},{"text":"١٧٩٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيِّ: أن عِكرِمَةَ بنَ أبي جَهلٍ تَرَجَّلَ يَومَ كَذا، فقالَ له خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ: لا تَفعَلْ، فإِنَّ قَتلَكَ على المُسلِمينَ شَديدٌ. فقالَ: خَلِّ عَنِّي يا خالِدُ، فإِنَّه قَد كانَت لَكَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - سابِقَة، وإِنِّي وأَبِي كُنّا مِن أشَدِّ النّاسِ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فمَشَى حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الجَهَم، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ الأعوَرُ، أخبرَنِي السَّرِيُّ بن يَحيَى، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن المُسلِمينَ انتَهَوا إلَى حائطٍ قَد أُغلِقَ بابُه، فيه رِجال مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فجَلَسَ البَراءُ بن مالكٍ على تُرسٍ فقالَ: ارفَعونِي برِماحِكُم فأَلقونِي إلَيهِم. فرَفَعوه برِماحِهِم فأَلقَوه مِن وراءِ الحائط، فأَدرَكوه قَد قَتَلَ مِنهُم عَشَرَةً (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي موسَى، عن أبيه أنَّه كان بحَضرَةِ العَدوِّ، قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقولُ:\n_________\n= أيوب عن ثمامة به بغير شك مختصرًا إلى قوله: الآن يا ابن أخي.\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان - كما في كنز العمال (٣٧٤١٩)، وابن المبارك في الجهاد (٥٤)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤١/ ٦٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في مكارم الأخلاق (١٩٩) من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"18","page":152},{"text":"\"الجَنَّةُ تَحتَ ظِلالِ السُّيوفِ\". قال: فقامَ رَجُلٌ رَثُّ الهَيئَةِ فقالَ: يا أبا موسَى، أنتَ سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ هَذا؟ قال: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم. قال: فرَجَعَ إلَى أصحابِه فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم، ثُمَّ كَسَرَ جَفنَ سَيفِه وشَدَّ على العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3777>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥]</span>\n\n١٧٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن أبي وائلٍ قال: قال حُذَيفَةُ في قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾: في النَّفَقَةِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣)، وقالَ غَيرُه عن الأَعْمَشِ في هذا: قال: هو تَركُ النَّفَقَةِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ (^٤).\n\n١٧٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٩٠٢/ ١٤٦) عن يحيى بن يحيى به. وأحمد (١٩٠٣٨)، والترمذي (١٦٥٩) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣١٣ من طريق شعبة به، وقال: هو ترك النفقة في سبيل الله.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣١٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٤٤)، وأبو بكر الشافعي في فوائده (٨٧٠) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"18","page":153},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الفَضلِ الصَّائغُ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِر، عن أبي صالِحٍ مَولَى أُمِّ هانِئ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآيَةَ. قال: يقولُ: لا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: لا أجِدُ شَيئًا. إن لَم يَجِدْ إلَّا مِشقَصًا (^١) فليَجَّهَّزْ (^٢) به في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، عن حَيوَةَ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بن أبي حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أسلَمُ أبو عِمرانَ قال: كُنَّا بالقُسطُنطينَةِ (^٤) وعَلَى أهلِ مِصرَ عُقبَةُ بن عامِرٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الشّامِ رَجُلٌ - يُريدُ فضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ - فخَرَجَ مِنَ المَدينَةِ صَفٌّ عَظيمٌ مِنَ الرُّوم، فصَفَفنا لَهُم، فحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على الرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فيهِم ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَلَينا، فصاحَ النّاسُ إلَيه فقالوا: سُبحانَ الله، ألقَى بيَدِه إلَى التَّهلُكَةِ. فقامَ أبو أيّوبَ الأنصارِيُّ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّكُم لَتَأَوَّلونَ هذه الآيَةَ على هذا التَّأويل، إنَّما أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ فينا\n_________\n(^١) المِشْقص: نصل السهم الطويل غير العريض. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٢) كتب فرقها في الأص: \"كذا\". ولم يضبطها.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ١٠٥ من طريق شيبان به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٦٩٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ٣١٣، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٤٢) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٤) كذا ضبطت في الأصل، وكتب فرقها: \"كذا\". وفي حاشيتها: \"القسطنطينية\" وهي مدينة تنسب إلى قسطنطين الأكبر أحد ملوك رومية وهي دار ملك الروم، وتشتهر بشدة تحصينها وكثرة أبوابها. فتحها المسلمون على يد محمد الفاتح ﵀ وتسمى الآن استانبول. وينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٣٤٧.","vol":"18","page":154},{"text":"مَعشَرَ الأنصار، إنّا لَمّا أعَزَّ اللَّهُ دينَه وكَثُرَ ناصِروه، فقُلنا فيما بَينَنا بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ سِرًّا مِن رسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: إنَّ أموالَنا قَد ضاعَت، فلَو أقمَنا فيها فأَصلَحنا ما ضاعَ مِنها؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ يَرُدُّ عَلَينا ما هَمَمنا به فقالَ: ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥] فكانَتِ التَّهلُكَةُ في الإقامَةِ التي أرَدنا أن نُقيمَ في أموالِنا نُصلِحُها، فأُمِرنا بالغَزِو. فما زالَ أبو أيّوبَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ حَتَّى قَبَضَه اللَّهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِلبَراءِ: أحمِلُ على الكَتيبَةِ بالسَّيفِ في ألفٍ، مِنَ التَّهلُكَةِ ذاكَ؟ قال: لا، إنَّما التَّهلُكَةُ أن يُذنِبَ الرَّجُلُ الذَّنبَ ثُمَّ يُلقِي بيَدَيه ثُمَّ يقولُ: لا يُغفَرُ لِي (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن الفَضلِ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥] قال: يقولُ: إذا أذنَبَ أحَدُكُم فلا يُلقيَنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥١٢)، والترمذي (٢٩٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٢٩)، وابن حبان (٤٧١١) من طريق حيوة به. قال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٥٥٣). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ١٠٣ عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٧٤٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.","vol":"18","page":155},{"text":"بيَدِه إلَى التَّهلُكَة، ولا يَقولَنَّ: لا تَوبَةَ لِي، ولَكِن ليَستَغفِرِ اللَّهَ وليَتُبْ إلَيه؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهَّاب، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ هو ابنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن مُدرِكِ بنِ عَوفٍ الأحمَسِيِّ: الله كان جالِسًا عِندَ عُمَرَ، فذَكَروا رَجُلًا شَرَى نَفسَه يَومَ نَهاوَندَ فقالَ: ذاكَ واللَّهِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ خالِي، زَعَمَ النّاسُ أنَّه ألقَى بيَدَيه إلَى التَّهلُكَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: كَذَبَ أولَئكَ، بَل هو مِنَ الَّذينَ اشتَروا الآخِرَةَ بالدُّنيا (^٢). كَذا في رِوايَةِ يَعلَى.\n\n١٧٩٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عثمانَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: لَمَّا أُخبِرَ عُمَرُ بقَتلِ النُّعمانِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، وقيلَ: أُصيبَ فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ، وآخَرونَ لا نَعرِفُهُم. قال: ولَكِنَّ اللهَ يَعرِفُهُم. قال: ورَجُلٌ شَرَى نَفسَه. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن أحمَسَ يُقالُ له مالكُ بن عَوفٍ: ذاكَ خالِي يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، زَعَمَ ناسٌ أنَّه ألقَى بيَدِه إلَى التَّهلُكَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: كَذَبَ أولَئكَ، بَل هو مِنَ الَّذينَ اشتَروا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (٧٠٩٢). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٦٧٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ٣١٧: رواه الطبراني في الكبير والأوسط ورجالهما رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (٢١٩٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٥٨٤، ٣٤٣٦٥) من طريق إسماعيل به.","vol":"18","page":156},{"text":"الآخِرَةَ بالدُّنيا. قال قَيسٌ: والمَقتولُ عَوفُ بن أبي حَيَّةَ (^١)، وهو أبو شِبلٍ. قال يَعقوبُ: مالكٌ أشبَهُ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدُ الدارميُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن سَلَمَة، أخبرَنا عَطاءُ بن السّائب، عن مُرَّةَ الهَمْدانِيِّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَجِبَ رَبُّنَا ﷿ مِن رَجُلٍ غَزا في سبيلِ اللَّهِ فانهَزَمَ أصحابُه، فعَلِمَ ما عَلَيه فرَجَعَ حَتَّى أُهَريقَ دَمُه، فيقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِمَلائِكَتِه: انظُروا إلَى عبدِي، رَجَعَ رَغبَةً فيما عِندِي وشَفَقَةً مِمّا عِندِي حَتَّى أُهَريقَ دَمُه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3778>بابٌ: الاختيارُ في التَّحَرُّزِ</span>\n\n١٧٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، حَدَّثَنِي أبو أحمدَ بن أبي (^٤) الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بن شاهينَ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ عبد الله، عن خالِدٍ يَعنِي الحَذَّاءَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حميد\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٣٠، ٢٣١.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأبو داود (٢٥٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٩٤٩) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به، وسيأتي في (١٨٥٦٤).\n(^٤) ليس في: م.","vol":"18","page":157},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال وهو في قُبَّةٍ له يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"أنشُدُكَ عَهدَكَ ووَعدَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إن شِئتَ لَم تُعبَدْ بَعدَ هذا اليَومِ أبَدًا\". فأَخَذَ أبو بكرٍ بيَدِه فقالَ: حَسبُكَ يا رسولَ الله، فقَد ألحَحْتَ على رَبِّكَ. وهو في الدِّرع، فخَرَجَ وهو يقولُ: ﴿سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ (٤٥) بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ﴾ (^١) [القمر: ٤٥، ٤٦]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ شاهينَ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فحَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن عَبَّادِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن الزُّبَيرِ قال: فرأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ ذَهَبَ ليَنهَضَ إلَى الصَّخرَةِ - وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد ظاهَرَ بَينَ دِرعَينِ - فلَم يَستَطِعْ أن يَنهَضَ إلَيها، فجَلَسَ طَلحَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ تَحتَه، فنَهَضَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَتَّى استَوَى عَلَيها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أوجَبَ طَلحَةُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن السَّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ظاهَرَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ بَينَ دِرعَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٤٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٥٧) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨٧٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٢٢٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٢٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٨٠٦)، وفي الزوائد: إسناده صحيح على شرط البخاري. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":158},{"text":"١٧٩٩٢ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن بَشّارٍ الرَّمادِيُّ أبو إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ وهو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن السّائبِ - قال إبراهيمُ: وجَدتُ في كِتابِي: عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي تَيمٍ - عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ظاهَرَ بَينَ دِرعَينِ يَومَ أُحُدٍ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٩٣ - ورَواه بشرُ بن السَّرِيِّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ.\nأخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ بنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثمِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الأعلَى بن حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن السَّرِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3779>بابُ النَّفيرِ، وما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّ الجِهادَ فرضٌ على الكِفَايَةِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ [النساء: ٩٥].\n\n١٧٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدِ بن زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبَّاح، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشي في مسنده (٢٢، ٢٤، ٢٥)، وابن الأعرابي في معجمه (١١١٥) - وفيه: يوم خندق - من طريق إبراهيم بن بشار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٥٩) من طريق عبد الأعلى عن بشر به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٠٨: رواه أبو يعلى ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"18","page":159},{"text":"عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الكَريمِ أنَّه سَمِعَ مِقسَمًا مَولَى عبد اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [النساء: ٩٥] عن بَدرٍ والخارِجونَ إلَى بَدرٍ؛ لَمَّا نَزَلَت غَزوَةُ بَدرٍ قال عبدُ اللهِ بن [قيسِ بنِ] (^١) جَحشٍ الأسَدِيُّ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن شُرَيحٍ - أو شُرَيحُ بن مالكِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ ضِبابٍ - هو ابنُ أُمِّ مَكتومٍ: إنَّا أعمَيانِ يا رسولَ الله، فهَل لَنا رُخصَةٌ؟ فنَزَلَت: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ .... فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً﴾ فَهَؤُلاءِ القاعِدونَ غَيرُ أولِي الضَّرَرِ ﴿وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (٩٥) دَرَجَاتٍ مِنْهُ﴾ (^٢) على القاعِدينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ غَيرِ أولِي الضرَرِ (^٣). أخرَجَ البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" أوَّلَ الحديثِ دونَ سياقَتِه مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبَيَّنٌ إذ وعَدَ اللهُ القاعِدينَ غَيرَ أولِي الضرَرِ الحُسنَى أنَّهُم لا يأثَمونَ بالتَّخَلُّف، وأَبانَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثناؤُه في قَولِه في النَّفيرِ حينَ أمَرَ بالنَّفيرِ ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ [التوبة: ٤١]، وقالَ: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٩]، وقالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٢] فأَعلَمَهُم أن فرضَه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في م، وسنن الترمذي. وفي سنن النسائي: \"عبد الرَّحمن بن جحش\". وذكره ابن حجر في الإصابة ٦/ ٦٠ في عبد الله بن جحش.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٠٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١١٧) عن الحسن بن محمد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٩٥٤، ٤٥٩٥).","vol":"18","page":160},{"text":"الجِهادَ على الكِفايَةِ مِنَ المُجاهِدينَ، وأَبانَ أن لو تَخَلَّفوا مَعًا أثِموا مَعًا بالتَّخَلُّفِ؛ لِقَولِه (^١): ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن الحُسَين، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٩]، ﴿مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٠] إلَى قَولِه: ﴿يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ١٢١] [نَسَخَتها الآيَةُ] (^٣) التي تَليها ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً﴾ (^٤) [التوبة: ١٢٢].\n\n١٧٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿خُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ فَانْفِرُوا ثُبَاتٍ﴾ عُصَبًا ﴿أَوِ انْفِرُوا جَمِيعًا﴾ [النساء: ٧١] وقالَ: \" ﴿انْفِرُوا خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا﴾ [التوبة: ٤١]، وقالَ: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ [التوبة: ٣٩]، ثُمَّ نَسَخَ هذه الآياتِ فقالَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً﴾ [التوبة: ١٢٢] قال:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بقوله\".\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٦٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"نسخها بالآية\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٠٥). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٨٧).","vol":"18","page":161},{"text":"فتَغزو طائفَةٌ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وتُقيمُ طائفَةٌ. قال: فالماكِثونَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - هُمُ الَّذينَ يَتَفَقَّهونَ في الدّينِ ويُنذِرونَ قَومَهُم إذا رَجَعوا إلَيهِم مِنَ الغَزوِ، لَعَلَّهُم يَحذَرونَ ما أنزَلَ اللهُ مِن كِتابِه وفَرائضِه وحُدودِهِ (^١).\n\n١٧٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي رَجُلٌ وعَمرُو بن الحارِث، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فقَد غَزا، ومَن خَلَفَه في أهلِه بخَيرٍ فقَد غَزا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وأَبِي الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n١٧٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى المَهرِيّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ إلَى بَنِي لِحيانَ وقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم (٥٥٨٢) من طريق عثمان به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٣٩)، والنسائي (٣١٨٠)، وابن حبان (٤٦٣١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٧٨٩٩). وسيأتي في (١٨٦١٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٩٥/ ١٣٥)، والبخارى (٢٨٤٣) كما مضى عقب (١٧٨٩٩).","vol":"18","page":162},{"text":"\"ليَخرُجْ مِن كُلِّ رَجُلَينِ رَجُلٌ\". ثُمَّ قال لِلقاعِدِ: \"أيُّكُم خَلَفَ الخارِجَ في أهلِه ومالِه بخَيرٍ، كان له مِثلُ نِصفِ أجرِ الخارِجِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٢).\n\n١٧٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن حَليمٍ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا وُهَيبُ بن الوَرد، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِر، عن سُمَيٍّ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن ماتَ ولَم يَغزُ ولَم يُحَدِّثْ نَفسَه بغَزوٍ، ماتَ على شُعبَةٍ مِنَ النفاقِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهمٍ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عثمانَ وقَرأتُه على يَزيدَ بنِ عبد رَبِّه الجُرجُسِيِّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الحارِث، عن القاسِمِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن لَم يَغزُ، أو لَم يُجَهِّزْ غازيًا، أو يَخلُفْ غازيًا في أهلِه بخَيرٍ، أصابَه اللَّهُ بقارِعَةٍ\". قال يَزيدُ في حَديثِه:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥١٠). وتقدم في (١٧٩٥٣) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٩٦/ ١٣٨).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٥٥٧)، والحاكم ٢/ ٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٦٥)، وأبو داود (٢٥٠٥)، والنسائي (٣٠٩٧) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩١٠/ ١٥٨).","vol":"18","page":163},{"text":"\"قبلَ يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المُؤمِنِ بن خالِدٍ الحَنَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا نَجدَةُ بن نُفَيعٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - استَنفَرَ حَيًّا مِنَ العَرَبِ فتَثاقَلوا فنَزَلَت ﴿إِلَّا تَنْفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾ قال: كان عَذابُهُم حَبسَ المَطَرِ عَنهُم (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ الجِهادَ، فلَم يُفَضِّلْ عَلَيه شَيئًا إلَّا المَكتوبَةَ (^٣).\nهذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه فرضٌ على الكِفايَة، حَيثُ فضَّلَ عَلَيه المَكتوبَةَ بعَينِها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٠٠٣ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ الفَرّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٠٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٧٦٢) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٨٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه محمد بن حميد (٦٨١)، وأبو داود (٢٥٠٦) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٦٢٧) - وعنه محمد بن حميد (١٩٢). وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٧٣٥٩) عن يونس بن حبيب به.","vol":"18","page":164},{"text":"عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عَونٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى نافِعٍ أسأَلُه: ما أقعَدَ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن الغَزوِ؟ قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيَّ: إنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يُغزِي ولَدَه، ويَحمِلُ على الظَّهر، وما أقعَدَه عن الغَزوِ إلَّا وصايا عُمَرَ وصِبيانٌ صِغارٌ، وإِنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يَرَى الجِهادَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ أفضَلَ الأعمالِ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن إبراهيمَ الجُدِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ (^٢) بن خالِدٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الفَضل، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي رافِعٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - قال أبو داودَ: رَفَعَه الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ - قال: \"يُجزِئُ عن الجَماعَةِ إذا مَرّوا أن يُسَلِّمَ أحَدُهُم، ويُجزِيُّ عن الجُلوس أن يَرُدَّ أحَدُهُم\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٨٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٩٥) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) في م: \"معبد\". ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٤١٠.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الآداب (٢٨١)، وأبو داود (٥٢١٠). وأخرجه البزار في مسنده (٥٣٤)، وأبو يعلى في مسنده (٤٤١) من طريق سعيد بن خالد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٣٤٢).","vol":"18","page":165},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3780>جماعُ أبوابِ السِّيَرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3781>بابُ السِّيرَةِ في المُشرِكينَ عبدَةِ الأوثانِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ الآيَتَينِ [التوبة: ٥].\n\n١٨٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، أخبرَنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النَاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فقَد عَصَمَ مِنِّي نَفسَه ومالَه، إلَّا بحَقِّه وحِسابُه على اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُ عن أبي اليَمان، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مُحَرَّرِ بنِ أبي هريرةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ حَيثُ بَعَثَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بـ\"بَراءَةَ\" إلَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٥٦٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٣٠٩٣، ٣٠٩٥)، وابن حبان (٢١٨) من طريق شعب به. وتقدم في (١٦٥٨١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤٦)، ومسلم (٢١/ ٣٣).","vol":"18","page":166},{"text":"المُشرِكينَ، وكُنتُ أنادِي حَتَّى صحَلَ صَوتِي. قُلتُ: يا أبي بأَيِّ شَئٍ كُنتَ تُنادِي؟ قال: أُمِرنا أن نُنادِيَ أنَّه لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا مُؤمِنٌ، ومَن كان بَينَه وبَينَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَهدٌ فأَجَلُه إلَى أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ، فإِذا مَضَتِ الأربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ ورسولُه، [ولا يَطوفُ بالكَعبَةِ عُريانٌ] (^١)، ولا يَطوفَنَّ بالكَعبَةِ بَعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ. أو: بَعدَ اليَومِ مُشرِكٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3782>بابُ السِّيرةِ في أهلِ الكِتابِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ (٢٩)﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩].\n\n١٨٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ بنِ خالِدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على جَيشٍ أوصاه في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه آحمد (٧٩٧٧)، والنسائي (٢٩٥٨) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٣٩٥٠)، وابن حبان (٣٨٢٠) من طريق مغيرة بنحوه. وسيأتي في (١٨٨٥٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٦٩).","vol":"18","page":167},{"text":"بتَقوَى الله، وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَيرًا، ثُمَّ قال: \"اغزوا باسمِ اللهِ وفِي سَبيلِ الله، قاتِلوا مَن كَفَرَ بالله، اغزوا ولا تَغُلّوا ولا تَغدِروا ولا تُمَثِّلوا ولا تَقتُلوا وليدًا، وإِذا لَقِيتَ عَدوَّكَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فادعُهُم إلَى إحدَى (^١) ثلاثِ خِصالٍ - أو: خِلالٍ - فأَيّتُهُم ما أجابوكَ فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُم؛ [ادعُهُم إلَى الإسلام، فإِن أجابوكَ فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُمَ] (^٢)، ثُمَّ ادعُهُم مِنَ التَّحَوُّلِ مِن دارِهِم إلَى دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، وأَخبِرْهُم إن هُم فعَلوا ذَلِكَ فلَهُم ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ وعَلَيهِم ما على المُهاجِرينَ، فإِن هُم أبَوا أن يتَحَوَّلوا مِن دارِهِم إلَى دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، فأَخبِرْهُم أنَّهُم يَكونونَ كأعرابِ المُسلِمينَ، يَجرِي عَلَيهِم حُكمُ اللهِ الَّذِي يَجرِي على العَرَب، ولا يَكونُ لَهُم مِنَ الفَئِ ولا مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ شَئٌ الَّا أن يُجاهِدوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ، فإِن (^٣) أبَوا فسَلْهُم إعطاءَ الجِزيَة، فإِن فعَلوا فكُفَّ عَنهُم، فإِن هُم أبَوا فاستَعِنْ باللَّهِ وقاتِلْهُم\" (^٤). وذَكَرَ باقِيَ الحديثِ.\nوتَمامُ الحديثِ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3783>بابٌ: السَّلَبُ لِلقاتِلِ</span>\nوقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فيه في كِتابِ قَسمِ الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ (^٦)، ونَحنُ نَذكُرُ ههنا طَرَفًا مِنها إن شاءَ اللَّهُ:\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"أحد\". وينظر المهذب ٧/ ٣٥٦٨.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"هم\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٨٢٢). وسيأتي في (١٨١٠٠، ١٨٢٣٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٢).\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٨٨ - ١٢٩١١، ١٢٩٨٧، ١٢٩٨٨).","vol":"18","page":168},{"text":"١٨٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي محمدٍ مَولَى أبي قَتادَةَ، عن أبي قَتادَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ حُنَينٍ: \"مَن أقامَ بَيِّنَةً على قَتيل فلَه سَلَبُه\". فقُمتُ لألتَمِسَ بَيِّنَةً على قَتيلِي، فلَم أرَ أحَدًا يَشهَدُ لِي فجَلَستُ، ثُمَّ بَدا لِي فذَكَرتُ أمرَه لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن جُلَسائه: سِلاحُ هذا القَتيلِ الَّذِي يَذكُرُ عِندِي. قال: فأَرضِه مِنه. قال أبو بكرٍ: كَلَّا، لا يُعطِه أُصَيبِغَ (^١) مِن قُرَيشٍ، ويَدَعُ أسَدًا مِن أُسدِ اللَّهِ يُقاتِلُ عن اللهِ ورسولِهِ. قال: فعَلِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَدّاه إلَيَّ، فاشتَرَيتُ مِنه خِرافًا، فكانَ أوَّلَ مالٍ تأثَّلتُه (^٢). وقالَ أبو عمرٍو في رِوايَتِه: فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَدّاه إلَيَّ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ على اللَّفظِ (^٤) الأوَّل، ثُمَّ قال البخاريُّ: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ عن اللَّيثِ: فقامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فأَدّاه إلَيَّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أُصيبغ: قيل معناه أسيْوِد، كأنه عيره بلونه. وفيه أقوال أخرى. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٩.\n(^٢) تَأَثَّلَ المال: اكتسبه واتخذه وثمَّره. ينظر لسان العرب ١١/ ٩ (أ ث ل).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٦٣٣) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (١٢٨٩٠، ١٢٩٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٧٠)، ومسلم (١٧٥١/ ...).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٧١٧٠).","vol":"18","page":169},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3784>بابٌ: الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ قال: مَعلومٌ عِندَ غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِمَّن لَقِيتُ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالرِّدَّةِ أن أبا بكرٍ قال: إنَّما الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٠٩ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً: عن أبي يوسُفَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ بَعَثَ عِكرِمَةَ بنَ أبي جَهلٍ في خَمسِمِائَةٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مَدَدًا لِزيادِ بنِ لَبيدٍ ولِلمُهاجِرِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ، فوافَقَهُمُ الجُندُ قَدِ افتَتَحوا النُّجَيرَ (^٢) باليَمَن، فأَشرَكَهُم زيادُ بن لَبيدٍ - وهو مِمَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا - في الغَنيمَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فإِنَّ زيادًا كَتَبَ فيه إلَى أبي بكرٍ، فكَتَبَ أبو بكرٍ: إنَّما الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ. ولَم يَرَ لِعِكرِمَةَ شَيئًا؛ لأنَّه لَم يَشهَدِ الوَقعَةَ، فكَلَّمَ زيادٌ أصحابَه فطابوا أنفُسًا بأَن أشرَكوا عِكرِمَةَ وأَصحابَه مُتَطَوِّعينَ عَلَيهِم، وهَذا قَولُنا (^٤).\n\n١٨٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٣٩)، والأم ٧/ ٣٤٤ وعنده: بالغزوات. بدلًا من: بالردة.\n(^٢) النجير: تصغير النجر؛ حصن باليمن قرب حضرموت. ينظر معجم البلدان ٥/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٤٢)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٤١.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٤١.","vol":"18","page":170},{"text":"الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ طارِقَ بنَ شِهابٍ يقولُ: إنَّ أهلَ البَصرَةِ غَزَوا أهلَ نَهاوَندَ فأَمَدّوهُم بأَهلِ الكوفَةِ وعَلَيهِم عَمّارُ بن ياسِرٍ، فقَدِموا عَلَيهِم بَعدَما ظَهَروا على العَدوِّ، فطَلَبَ أهلُ الكوفَةِ الغَنيمَةَ، وأَرادَ أهلُ البَصرَةِ الَّا يَقسِموا لأهلِ الكوفَةِ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي تَميمٍ لِعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ: أيُّها الأجدَعُ، تُريدُ أن تُشارِكَنا في غَنائمِنا؟! قال: وكانَت أُذُنُ عَمّارٍ جُدِعَت مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فكَتَبوا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب، فكَتَبَ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ: إنَّ الغَنيمَةَ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^١).\n\n١٨٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بَشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ الأحمَسِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ: إنَّ الغَنيمَةَ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^٢). هذا هو الصحيحُ عن عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٠١٢ - وأَمّا الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ حِكايَةً عن أبي يوسُفَ، عن المُجالِد، عن عامِرٍ وزيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ: إن عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَى سَعدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٩١)، والبغوي في الجعديات (٥٩١)، والطبراني (٨٢٠٣) من طريق شعبة به. وعند سعيد: رجل من بني عطارد. وعند الطبراني: رجل من بنى تميم وبنى عطارد. وعطارد بطن من تميم. ينظر معجم قبائل العرب ٢/ ٧٨٧. وتقدم في (١٣٠٥٨). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٣٤٠: رواه الطبراني ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٥٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٧) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"18","page":171},{"text":"ابنِ أبي وقَّاصٍ: قَد أمدَدتُكَ بقَومٍ، فمَن أتاكَ مِنهُم قبلَ أن تتَفَقّأ القَتلَى فأَشرِكْه في الغَنيمَةِ (^١). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فهَذا غَيرُ ثابِتٍ عن عُمَرَ، ولَو ثَبَتَ عنه كُنَّا أسرَعَ إلَى قَبولِه مِنه. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مُخالَفَةَ أبي يوسُفَ حَديثَ عُمَرَ هَذَا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهو مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويهِ مُجالِدٌ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، وحديث طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ إسنادُه صحيحٌ لا شَك فيه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد روِيَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - شَئٌ يَثبُتُ في مَعنَى ما رُوِيَ عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - لا يَحضُرُنِي حِفظُه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: إنَّما أرادَ - واللهُ أعلمُ - حَديثَ أبي هريرةَ في قِصَّةِ أبانِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ حينَ قَدِمَ (^٥) مَعَ أصحابِه على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بخَيبَرَ بَعدَ أن فتَحَها فلَم يَقسِمْ لَهُم، وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ بأَسانيدِه مَعَ سائرِ ما رُوِيَ في هذا البابِ في كِتابِ القَسمِ (^٦).\n\n١٨٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قِراءَةً،\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٧/ ٣٤١.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٣) تقدم الكلام على مجالد عقب (٧٤٤٩).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٥) في م: \"وقع\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٣٠٥١) وينظر ما بعده.","vol":"18","page":172},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا حُصَينُ بن مُخارِقٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن بَختَرِيٍّ العَبدِيِّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: الغَنيمَةُ لِمَن شَهِدَ الوَقعَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3785>بابُ الجَيشِ في دارِ الحَربِ تَخرُجُ مِنهُمُ السَّريَّةُ إلىَ بَعضِ النَّواحِي فتَغنَمُ أو يَغنَمُ الجَيشُ</span>\n\n١٨٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن بُرَيدٍ عنِ (^٢) أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: لَمَّا فرَغَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِن حُنَينٍ بَعَثَ أبا عامِرٍ على جَيشٍ إلَى أوطاسٍ، فلَقِيَ دُرَيدَ بنَ الصِّمَّة، فقُتِلَ دُرَيدٌ وهَزَمَ اللهُ أصحابَه. وذَكَرَ باقِيَ الحديثِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافعيُّ ﵀: أبو عَامِرٍ كان في جَيشِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ومَعَه بحُنَينٍ فبَعَثَه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في اتِّباعِهِم، وهَذا جَيشٌ واحِدٌ، كُلُّ فِرقَةٍ مِنه رِدءٌ لِلأُخرَى، وإِذا كان الجَيشُ هَكَذا فلَو أصابَ الجَيشُ شَيئًا دونَ السَّريَّة، أوِ السَّريَّةُ شَيئًا\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٤٩٠. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٧٠: ابن مخارق يضع الحديث. قاله الدارقطني.\n(^٢) في م: \"بن\". ينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٦/ ١١٦.\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٧٣١٣). وتقدم في (١٣٠٦٠). وسيأتي في (١٨٢١٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٨/ ١٦٥).","vol":"18","page":173},{"text":"دونَ الجَيشِ كانوا فيه شُرَكاءَ (^١).\n\n١٨٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَطَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ فقالَ فيه: \"والمُسلِمونَ يَدٌ على مَن سِواهُم، يَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم، يَرُدُّ عَلَيهِم أقصاهُم، تَرُدُّ سَراياهُم على قَعَدَتِهِم\" (^٢). ورَواه يحَيَى بن سعيدٍ عن عمرٍو فقالَ: \"يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُم على مُضعِفِهِم، ومُتَسَرِّعُهِم على قاعِدِهِم\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3786>بابُ سَهمِ الفارِسِ والرّاجِلِ</span>\n\n١٨٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أسهَمَ للرَّجُلِ ولِفَرَسِه ثَلاثَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمًا له، وسَهمَينِ لِفَرَسِهِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ كما مَضَى في كِتابِ القَسمِ (^٥)، وقَد مَضَت سائرُ الأخبارِ في هذا البابِ فيهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٤١.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٠٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٥١، ٤٥٣١). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٩٠، ٣٧٩٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢٩٩٢ - ١٢٩٩٧).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٦٣)، ومسلم (١٧٦٢/ ٥٧). وتقدم عقب (١٢٩٩٣).\n(^٦) ينظر ١٣/ ٢٠٢ وما بعدها.","vol":"18","page":174},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3787>بابُ تَفضيلِ الخَيلِ</span>\n\n١٨٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن شَريكٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ العَبدِيِّ، عن كُلثومِ بنِ الأقمَرِ قال: أوَّلُ مَن عَرَّبَ العِرابَ (^١) رَجُلٌ مِنّا يُقالُ له: مُنَيذِرٌ الوادِعِيُّ، كان عامِلًا لِعُمَرَ على بَعضِ الشّام، فطَلَبَ العَدوَّ، فلَحِقَتِ الخَيلُ، وتَقَطَّعَتِ البَراذينُ (^٢)، فأَسهَمَ لِلخَيلِ وتَرَكَ البَراذينَ وكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: نِعِمّا رأيتَ. فصارَت سُنَّةً (^٣).\nرَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ. ثُمَّ قال: والَّذِي نَذهَبُ إلَيه مِن هذا تَسويَةٌ بَينَ الخَيلِ العِرابِ (^٤) والبَراذينِ والمَقاريفِ (^٥)، ولَو كُنّا نُثبِتُ مِثلَ هذا ما خالَفناه (^٦).\n\n١٨٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنبَلُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الحِمصيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) العراب: الخيل العربيات الخُلَّص. الفائق في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٤١٧.\n(^٢) البراذين: جمع بِرْذَون؛ وهو ما ليس بعربي. ينظر التاج ٣٤/ ٢٤٦ (ب ر ذ ن).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٤١، ٣٣٧٤٣) من طريق الأسود بن قيس به. وفي سنن سعيد: المنذر بن أبي حمصة. بدلًا من: منيذر. وفي ابن أبي شيبة: ابن أبي خميصة.\n(^٤) في س، ص ٨، م: \"والعراب\".\n(^٥) خيل مقاريف: هجائن. التاج ٢٤/ ٢٥٦ (ق ر ف).\n(^٦) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٧. وفيه: المنذر بن أبي حفصة.","vol":"18","page":175},{"text":"أبي أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن صالِحٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ الحارِث، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زياد بنِ جاريَةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عَرَّبَ العَرَبِيَّ، وهَجَّنَ الهَجينَ (^١). كَذا رَواه أحمدُ بن أبي أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ ساكِنُ حِمصَ عن حَمَّادِ بنِ خالِدٍ مَوصولًا.\nورَواه الشّافِعِيُ وأَحمَدُ بن حَنبَلٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن حَمَّادٍ مُنقَطِعًا، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ وزَيدُ بن الحُبابِ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ عن أبي بشرٍ - وهو العَلاءُ - عن مَكحولٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - هَجَّنَ الهَجَينَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ (^٢)، وعَرَّبَ العَرَبِيَّ؛ لِلعَرَبِيِّ سَهمانِ ولِلهَجَينِ سَهمٌ (^٣). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ ولا تَقومُ به الحُجَّةُ.\nوقَد رُوِيَ فيه حَديثٌ آخَرُ مُسنَدٌ بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n١٨٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بلالٍ الأشعَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بن صَدَقَةَ، عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ، عن البَهِيِّ، عن عائشةَ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يُعطِ الكَودَنَ شَيئًا (^٤)، وأَعطَى دونَ سَهمِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ١٧٥. وعنه أبو القاسم حمزة بن يوسف بن إبراهيم السهمي في تاريخ جرجان ص ٢٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"حنين\".\n(^٣) ذكره المصنّف في ٦/ ٢٨ (١٣٢٦١)، وفي المعرفة ٥/ ١٣٧ معلقًا عن الشافعي. وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٢٦٦) عن الإمام أحمد عن عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى وحماد بن خالد وزيد بن الحباب.\n(^٤) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"لعله سهمًا\".","vol":"18","page":176},{"text":"العِرابِ. والكَودَنُ: البِرذَونُ البَطِيءُ. أبو بلالٍ الأشعَرِيُّ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي السَّفَرِ وحُصَينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ بنَواصِي الخَيلِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَة، الأجرُ والمَغنَمُ\" (^٢).\nقال البخاريُّ: وقالَ سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوفيه دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه عَلَّقَ المَغنَمَ بجِنسِ الخَيلِ، والبَراذينُ مِن جُملَةِ الخَيلِ.\nورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه سُئلَ عن البَراذينِ؛ هَل فيها صَدَقَةٌ؟ فقالَ: وهَل في الخَيلِ مِن صدَقَةٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3788>بابُ سُهمانِ الخَيلِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) هو مرداس بن محمد بن الحارث بن عبد الله بن أبي برة، أبو بلال الأشعرى. اختلف في اسمه. وينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣٥٠، والثقات ٩/ ١٩٩، والمغنى في الضعفاء ٢/ ٧٧٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/ ٥٨٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٦٥)، والنسائي (٣٥٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. ومسلم (١٨٧٣/ ٩٩، ...)، والترمذي (١٦٩٤)، وابن ماجة (٢٣٠٥)، وعند مسلم في الموضع الثاني: عروة بن الجعد. وتقدم في (١٣٠١٨)، وسيأتي في (١٨٥٢٢).\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٢٨٥٠).\n(^٤) تقدم مسندًا في (٧٤٩٠، ٧٤٩٢).","vol":"18","page":177},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، أن الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ كان يَضرِبُ في المَغنَمِ بأَربَعَةِ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمٍ له، وسَهمَينِ لِفَرَسِه، وسَهمٍ في ذِي القُربَى؛ سَهمِ أُمِّه صفيَّةَ، يَعنِي يَومَ خَيبَرَ (^١).\nقال: وكانَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ يَهابُ أن يَذكُرَ يَحيَى بنَ عَبَّادٍ، والحُفّاظُ يَروونَه عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رَواه محمدُ بن بشرٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. بنَحوِه، وهو مَعَ (^٣) ذِكرِ يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ فيه مُرسَلٌ، وقَد وصَلَه سعيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ ومُحاضِرُ بن الموَرِّعِ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبّادٍ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ بالإِسنادِ الَّذِي مَضى: ورَوَى مَكحولٌ أن الزُّبَيرَ حَضَرَ خَيبَرَ فأَسهَمَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَمسَةَ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمٌ له، وأَربَعَةُ أسهُمٍ لِفَرَسَيهِ. فذَهَبَ الأوزاعِيُّ إلَى قَبولِ هذا عن مَكحولٍ مُنقَطِعًا، وهِشامُ بن عُروةَ أحرَصُ لَو زِيدَ الزُّبَيرُ لِفَرَسَينِ أن يَقولَ به، وأَشبَهُ إذ خالَفَه مَكحولٌ أن يَكونَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٤٤)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٤٥، ٧/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م: \"مع ما\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٠٠٥).","vol":"18","page":178},{"text":"أثبَتَ في حَديثِ أبيه مِنه؛ لِحِرصه على زيادَتِه، وإِن كان حَديثُه مَقطوعًا لا تَقومُ به حُجَّةٌ فهو كَحَديثِ مَكحولٍ، ولَكِنّا ذَهَبنا إلَى أهلِ المَغازِي فقُلنا: إنَّهُم لَم يَرووا أن النَّبِيَّ أسهَمَ لِفَرَسَين، ولَم يَختَلِفوا أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - حَضَرَ خَيبَرَ بثَلاثَةِ أفراسٍ لِنَفسِه؛ السَّكْبِ والظَّرِبِ والمُرتَجِز، ولَم يأخُذْ مِنها إلَّا لِفَرَسٍ واحِدٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رُوِّينا حديثًا عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ في كِتابِ القَسمِ مِن حَديثِ مُحاضرٍ مَوصولًا.\n\n١٨٠٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن عبد الأعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَبَّادِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن جَدِّه أنَّه كان يقولُ: ضرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ خَيبَرَ لِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ بأَربَعَةِ أسهُمٍ؛ سَهمًا له، وسَهمًا لِذِي القُربَى لِصفيَّةَ بنتِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ أُمّ الزُّبَير، وسَهمَينِ لِلفَرَسِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3789>بابُ العَبيدِ والنِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ يَحضُرونَ الوَقعَةَ</span>\n\n١٨٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الأُمَوِيُّ وأبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بن يَعقوبَ العَدلُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٣.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ١١٠. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٨٣ عن يونس به. والنسائي (٣٥٩٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٥٧٢: إسناده صالح.","vol":"18","page":179},{"text":"أبي طالِب، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أَبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا وهبُ بن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسًا وهو ابنُ سَعدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ، أن نَجدَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أن: اكتُبْ إلَيَّ: مَن ذَوو القُربَى الَّذينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللهُ ﷿، وفَرَضَ لَهُم فيما أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه؟ ومَتَى يَنقَضى يُتمُ اليَتيمِ؟ وهَل يُقتَلُ صِبيانُ المُشرِكينَ؟ وهَل لِلنِّساءِ والعَبيدِ (^١) إذا حَضروا البأسَ مِن سَهمٍ مَعلومٍ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: لَولا أنِّي أخافُ أن يَقَعَ في شَئٍ ما كَتَبتُ إلَيه. فكَتَبَ إلَيه وأَنا شاهِدٌ: أمّا ذَوو القُربَى فإِنَّا كُنَّا نَرَى أنَّهُم قَرابَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَينا قَومُنا، وأَمَّا صِبيانُ المُشرِكينَ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَم يَقتُلْ مِنهُم أحَدًا، فلا تَقتُلْ إلَّا أن تَعلَمَ ما عَلِمَ الخَضِرُ مِنَ الغُلامِ الَّذِي قَتَلَه، وأَمَّا ما سألتَ عن انقِضاءِ يُتمِ اليَتيم، فإِذا بَلَغَ الحُلُمَ وأونِسَ مِنه رُشدُه فقَدِ انقَضَى يُتمُه، فادفَعْ إلَيه مالَه، وأَمّا النِّساءُ والعَبيدُ فلَم يَكُنْ لَهُم سَهمٌ مَعلومٌ إذا حَضَروا البأسَ، ولَكِن يُحذَونَ (^٢) مِن غَنائمِ القَومِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في ص ٨: \"والصبيان\".\n(^٢) يحذون: يعطون ما دون السهم. التاج ١٧/ ٤١٢ (ح ذ و).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٤٥) بالإسناد الأول بدون ذكر الحسن بن يعقوب. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٥) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وتقدم في (١٣٠٤٢)، وينظر ما تقدم في (١٧٨٧٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠/ ١٨١٢).","vol":"18","page":180},{"text":"١٨٠٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ الزّاهِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ بن عَمّارٍ العَتَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ أبي جَعفَرٍ والزُّهرِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ هُرمُزَ قال: فيما كَتَبَ إلَيه نَجدَةُ في كِتابِه ذَلِكَ يَسأَلُه عن اليَتيمِ: مَتَى يَخرُجُ مِنَ اليُتمِ ويَقَعُ حَقُّه في الفَئِ؟ فكَتَبَ إلَيه أنَّه إذا احتَلَمَ فقَد خَرَجَ مِنَ اليُتم، ووَقَعَ حَقُّه في الفَىْءِ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حدتنا بشرُ بن المُفَضَّلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَيرٌ مَولَى آبِي اللَّحمِ قال: شَهِدتُ خَيبَرَ مَعَ سادَتِي، فكَلَّموا فيَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ بي فقُلِّدتُ سَيفًا، فإِذا أنا أجُرُّه، فأُخبِرَ أنِّي مَملوكٌ، فأَمَرَ لِي بشَئٍ مِن خُرْثِيِّ المَتاعِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٢٦ - وأَمّا الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٢٩٩) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٢٧٢٨) من طريق ابن إسحاق مقتصرًا على سهم النساء إذا حضرن البأس. والنسائي (٤١٤٥) من طريق ابن إسحاق مقتصرًا على ذوي القربى. وأبو داود (٢٩٨٢) من طريق الزهري به مقتصرًا على ذوي القربى. والترمذي (١٥٥٦) من طريق محمد بن علي به مقتصرًا على سهم النساء إذا حضرن البأس. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٦٩).\n(^٢) خرثى المتاع: أردأ المتاع والغنائم. تاج العروس ٥/ ٢٣٩ (خ ر ث).\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٢٧٣٠)، وأحمد (٢١٩٤٠). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥٥٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٣٥) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وابن ماجة (٢٨٥٥) من طريق محمد بن زيد به. وتقدم في (١٧٩١٥) بنحوه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٧٣٠).","vol":"18","page":181},{"text":"محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عن مَكحولٍ وخالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ قالا: أسهَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِلفارِسِ لِفَرَسِه سَهمَينِ ولِصاحِبِه سَهمًا فصارَ له ثَلاثَةُ أسهُمٍ، ولِلرَّاجِلِ سَهمًا، وأَسهَمَ لِلنِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ (^١). فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وحَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ مَوصولٌ صَحيحٌ فهو أولَى، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3790>بابُ الرَّضخِ لِمَن يُستَعانُ به مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ على قِتالِ المُشرِكينَ</span>\n\n١٨٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: قال أبو يوسُفَ: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عُمارَةَ، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: استَعانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بيَهودِ قَينُقاعَ فرَضخَ لَهُم ولَم يُسهِم لَهُم (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ بهَذا الحَسَنُ بن عُمارَةَ وهو مَتروكٌ (^٣)، ولَم يَبلُغْنا في هذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، وقَد رُوِّينا قبلَ هذا في كَراهيَةِ الاستِعانَةِ بالمُشرِكينَ (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٠٢٨ - فأَمَّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزا بناسٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٢٩، ٣٧٠٥٦).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٣٥٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٧٩٣٤ - ١٧٩٣٦).","vol":"18","page":182},{"text":"فأَسهَمَ لَهُم (^١). فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَزيدُ بن يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ مُنقَطِعًا (^٢). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: والحديثُ المُنقَطِعُ عِندَنا لا يَكونُ حُجَّةً (^٣).\nقال الشيخ ﵀: ورَوَى الواقِدِيُّ عن ابنِ أبي سَبرَةَ عن فُطَيرٍ الحارِثيِّ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بعَشَرَةٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ مِن يَهودِ المَدينَةِ إلَى خَيبَرَ، فأَسهَمَ لَهُم كَسُهمانِ المُسلِمينَ (^٤). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3791>بابٌ: قِسمَةُ الغَنيمَةِ في دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمُ بن أخضَرَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى نافِعٍ أسألُه عن الدُّعاءِ قبلَ القِتالِ. قال: فكَتَبَ: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ في أوَّلِ الاسلامِ؛ قَد أغارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وهُم غارُّونَ (^٥) وأَنعامُهُم تُسقَى على الماء، فقَتَلَ مُقاتِلَتَهُم وسَبَى سَبيَهُم، وأَصابَ يَومَئذٍ - قال يَحيَى: أحسِبُه قال - جوَيريَةَ بنتَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧٠٩).\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٧١١) من طريق يزيد بن يزيد بن جابر به.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٤) الواقدي في المغازي ٢/ ٦٨٤.\n(^٥) غارون: غافلون. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣١.","vol":"18","page":183},{"text":"الحارِثِ. وحَدَّثَنِي هذا الحديثَ عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ وكانَ في ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخرَ عن ابنِ عونٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الصوفيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أيُّوبَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ - وهَذا حَديثُه - حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ أنَّه قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وأبو صِرمَةَ على أبي سعيدٍ، فسألَه أبو صِرمَةَ فقالَ: يا أبا سعيدٍ هَل سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَذكُرُ العَزلَ؟ قال: نَعَم؛ غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ المُصطَلِق، فسَبَينا كَرائمَ العَرَب، وطالَت عَلَينا العُزبَةُ ورَغِبنا في الفِداءِ (^٣)، فأَرَدنا أن نَستَمتِعَ ونَعزِلَ، فقُلنا: نَفعَلُ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَينَ أظهُرِنا فلا نَسألُه؟! فسألنا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُم ألَّا تَفعَلوا، ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَ نَسَمَةٍ هِيَ كائنَةٌ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ إلَّا سَتَكونُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٥٤). وتقدم في (١٧٩٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن يحيى، وسيأتي من طرق أخرى عن ابن عون في (١٨٠٧٨، ١٨١٥٠، ١٨٢٨١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣٠/ ١)، والبخاري (٢٥٤١).\n(^٣) فطالت علينا العزبة ورغبنا في الفداء: معناه احتجنا إلى الوطء وخفنا من الحبل فتصير أم ولد، يمتنع علينا بيعها وأخذ الفداء فيها. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٠/ ١٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٠٤٤) من طريق إسماعل بن جعفر به. وتقدم في (١٤٤٢٣) من طريق ربيعة به، وسيأتي في (١٨١٢٧).","vol":"18","page":184},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وقُتَيبَةَ (^١).\nوفِي هذا دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه قَسَمَ بَينَهُم غَنائمَهُم قبلَ الرُّجوعِ إلَى المَدينَةِ كما قال الأوزاعِيُّ والشَّافِعِيُّ (^٢). قال أبو يوسُفَ: افتَتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بلادَ بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وظَهَرَ عَلَيهِم، فصارَت بلادُهُم دارَ الإسلام، وبَعَثَ الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ يأخُذُ صَدَقاتِهِم. قال الشّافِعِيُّ مُجيبًا له عن ذَلِكَ: أغارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيهِم وهُم غارُّونَ في نَعَمِهِم، فقَتَلَهُم وسَباهُم وقَسَمَ أموالَهُم وسَبْيَهُم في دارِهِم سنةَ خَمسٍ، وإِنَّما أسلَموا بَعدَها بزَمانٍ، وإِنَّما بَعَثَ إلَيهِمُ الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ مُصدِّقًا سنةَ عَشرٍ، وقَد رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَنهُم ودارُهُم دارُ حَربٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا قَولُه أن ذَلِكَ كان سنةَ خَمسٍ، فكَذَلِكَ قالَه عُروَةُ وابنُ شِهابٍ:\n\n١٨٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوبُ: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِر، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ في ذِكرِ مَغازِي رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: ثُمَّ قاتَلَ بَني المُصطَلِقِ وبَني لِحيانَ في شَعبانَ مِن سنةِ خَمسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤١٣٨)، ومسلم (٤٣٨).\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٦٢، ٤٦٣. وتقدم في (١١٤١٣) من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به.","vol":"18","page":185},{"text":"وهَذا أصَحُّ مِمّا رُوِىَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ أن ذَلِكَ كان سنةَ سِتٍّ (^١)\n\n١٨٠٣٢ - وأَمّا بَعْثُه الوَليدَ مُصَدِّقًا ففيما أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَعدٍ العَوفِىُّ، حَدَّثَنى أبى سَعدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى عَطيَّةَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ إلَى بَنى المُصطَلِقِ ليأخُذَ مِنهُمُ الصَّدَقاتِ، وإِنَّه لَمّا أتاهُمُ الخَبَرُ فرِحوا، وخَرَجوا ليَتَلَقَّوا رسولَ (^٢) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وإِنَّه لَمّا حُدِّثَ الوَليدُ أنَّهُم خَرَجوا يَتَلَقَّونَه رَجَعَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ بَنى المُصطَلِقِ قَد مَنَعوا الصَّدَقَةَ. فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن ذَلِكَ غَضَبًا شَديدًا، فبَينَما هو يُحَدِّثُ نَفسَه أن يَغْزوَهُم إذ أتاه الوَفدُ فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا حُدِّثنا أن رسولَكَ رَجَعَ مِن نِصفِ الطَّريقِ، وإِنّا خَشِينا أن يَكونَ إنَّما رَدَّه كِتابٌ جاءَه مِنكَ لِغَضَبٍ غَضبتَه عَلَينا، وإِنّا نَعوذُ باللهِ مِن غَضبِ اللهِ وغَضبِ رسولِه. وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- استَغشَّهُم (^٣) وهَمَّ بهِم، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ عُذرَهُم فى الكِتابِ فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ﴾ (^٤) [الحجرات: ٦].\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق - كما فى سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٢) سقط من: ص ٨، م.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"استعتبهم\"، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"بل صوابه استغشهم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٥٠، ٣٥١، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٣/ ٢٢٩، ٢٣٠ من طريق محمد بن سعد به.","vol":"18","page":186},{"text":"١٨٠٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: أرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ إلَى بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ لَيُصَدِّقَهُم، فتَلَقَّوه بالهَديَّةِ، فرَجَعَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: إنَّ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ قَد أجمَعوا لَكَ ليُقاتِلوكَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾ الآيَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والَّذِى يُستَدَلُّ به على أن ذَلِكَ كان بَعدَ غَزوَةِ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ بمُدَّةٍ كَثيرَةٍ، ويُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ سنةَ عَشْرٍ كما حَفِظَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀، أن الوَليدَ بنَ عُقبَةَ كان زَمَنَ الفَتحِ صَبيًّا وذَلِكَ سنةَ ثَمانٍ، ولا يَبعَثُه مُصدِّقًا إلَّا بَعدَ أن يَصيرَ رَجُلًا:\n\n١٨٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن أبى موسَى الهَمْدانىِّ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: لَمّا افتَتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ جَعَلَ أهلُ مَكَّةَ يأتونَه بصِبيانِهِم، فيَمسَحُ رُءوسَهُم ويَدعو لَهُم، فجِئَ بى إلَيه وقَد خُلِّقتُ بالخَلوقِ، فلَمّا رآنى لَم يَمَسَّنِى، ولَم يَمنَعْه مِن ذَلِكَ إلَّا الخَلوقُ الَّذِى خَلَّقَتنِى أُمِّى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦١٠، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٣٥١، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ١٥٠ (٤٠٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٤٠ من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.","vol":"18","page":187},{"text":"١٨٠٣٥ - وحَدَّثَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا فيّاضُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن ثابِتِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ الكِلابِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: لَمّا فتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^١).\nقالَ أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: وقَد رُوِىَ أنَّه سَلَحَ (^٢) يَومَئذٍ، فتَقَذَّرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَمَسَّه ولَم يَدعُ له، ومُنِعَ بَرَكَةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِسابِقِ عِلمِ اللهِ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ وثابِتٍ البُنانىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى الصُّبحَ بغَلَسٍ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فقالَ: \"اللهُ أكبَرُ، خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صَباحُ المُنذَرينَ\". فخَرَجوا يَسعَونَ فى السِّكَكِ وهُم يَقولونَ: محمدٌ والخَميسُ -قال مُسَدَّدٌ: قال حَمَّادٌ: والخَميسُ الجَيشُ- فظَهَرَ عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقَتَلَ المُقاتِلَةَ وسَبَى الذَّرارِىَّ، فصارَت صَفيَّةُ لِدِحيَةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٣٩٧، ٣٩٨، والحاكم ٣/ ١٠٠، وأحمد (١٦٣٧٩). وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٤٠، والصغير ١/ ١١٦ من طريق فياض بن محمد الرقى به.\n(^٢) السلح: التغوط. المغرب فى ترتيب المعرب ١/ ٤٠٧.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٣٩٨، والحاكم ٣/ ١٠٠.","vol":"18","page":188},{"text":"الكَلبِىِّ، ثُمَّ صارَت صَفيَّةُ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَها وجَعَلَ صَداقَها عِتقَها. قال عبدُ العَزيزِ لِثابِتٍ: يا أبا محمدٍ، أنتَ سألتَ أنَسًا ما أمهَرَها؟ فقالَ: أمهَرَها نَفسَها. فتَبَسَّمَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانئٍ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قالا: حدثنا السَّرِىُّ ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا بَهزٌ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، حدثنا أنَسٌ قال: صارَت صَفيَّةُ لِدِحيَةَ فى مَقسَمِه، وجَعَلوا يَمدَحونَها عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ويَقولونَ: ما رأينا فى السَّبىِ مِثلَها. قال: فبَعَثَ إلَى دِحيَةَ فأَعطاه بها ما أرادَ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَها إلَى أُمِّى فقالَ: \"أصلِحيها\". قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن خَيبَرَ حَتَّى جَعَلَها فى ظَهرِه نَزَلَ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ عَلَيها القُبَّةَ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ قال: \"مَن كان عِندَه فضلُ زادٍ فليأتِنا به\". قال: فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بفَضلِ التَّمرِ وفَضلِ السَّويقِ وفَضلِ السَّمنِ حَتَّى جَعَلوا مِن ذَلِكَ سَوادًا حَيسًا (^٣)، فجَعَلوا يأكُلونَ مِن ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٤٠، ١٣٥٧٥)، ومسلم ٢/ ١٠٤٥ (٥/ ٨٥)، وابن ماجه (١٩٥٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٦٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٤٧).\n(^٣) جعلوا من ذلك سوادًا حيسًا: أى جعلوا من ذلك كومًا شاخصًا مرتفعًا فخلطوه، وجعلوه حيسًا. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٩/ ٢٢٦. والحيس كما تقدم فى (٨٤١٣) هو الطعام المتخذ من التمر والأقط والسمن. مشارق الاْنوار ١/ ٢١٨.","vol":"18","page":189},{"text":"الحَيسِ ويَشرَبونَ مِن حياضٍ إلَى جَنبِهِم مِن ماءِ السَّماءِ. قال: فقالَ أنَسٌ: وكانَت تِلكَ وليمَةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَلَيها. قال: فانطَلَقنا حَتَّى إذا رأينا جُدُرَ المَدينَةِ مَشَينا إلَيها، فرَفَعنا مَطيَّتَنا (^١)، ورَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَطيَّتَه. قال: وصَفيَّةُ خَلفَه قَد أردَفَها، فعَثَرَت مَطيَّةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فصُرِعَ وصُرِعَت، قال: فلَيسَ أحَدٌ مِنَ النّاسِ يَنظُرُ إلَيه ولا إلَيها حَتَّى قامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَستُرُها. قال: فأَتَيناه فقالَ: \"لَم نُضَرَّ\". قال: فدَخَلنا المَدينَةَ فخَرَجَ جَوارِى نِسائه يَتَراءَينَها ويَشمَتنَ بصَرعَتِها (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ هاشِمٍ (^٣).\nوفِى هذا دِلالَةٌ على وُقوعِ قِسمَةِ غَنيمَةِ خَيبَرَ بخَيبَرَ.\nقال أبو يوسُفَ: إنَّها حينَ افتَتَحَها صارَت دارَ إسلامٍ وعامَلَهُم على النَّخلِ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: أمّا خَيبَرُ فما عَلِمتُه كان فيها مسلمٌ واحِدٌ، ما صالِحَ إلَّا اليَهودَ وهُم على دينِهِم، وما حَولَ خَيبَرَ كُلُّه دارُ حَربٍ (^٥).\n\n١٨٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) فرفعنا مطيتنا: كلفناها المرفوع من السير وهو دون العدو. ينظر تاج العروس ٢١/ ١٠٥ (ر ف ع).\n(^٢) تقدم مختصرًا فى (١٢٨٨٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٨٨).\n(^٤) ينظر الخراج لأبى يوسف ص ٣٨٨.\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.","vol":"18","page":190},{"text":"إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ قال: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان عامَلَ يَهودَ خَيبَرَ على أنّا نُخرِجُهُم إذا شِئنا، فمَن كان له مالٌ فليَلحَقْ به؛ فإِنِّى مُخرِجٌ يَهودَ. فأَخرَجَهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ وأبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِىُّ والحَسَنُ النَّسَوِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- اعتَمَرَ أربَعَ عُمَرٍ، كُلُّهُنَّ فى ذِى القَعدَةِ، إلَّا التى فى حَجَّتِه؛ عُمرَةٌ فى الحُدَيبيَةِ -أو: زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ- فى ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةٌ مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ، وعُمرَةٌ مِنَ الجِعرانَةِ حَيثُ قَسَمَ غَنائمَ حُنَينٍ فى ذِى القَعدَةِ، وعُمرَةٌ مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ. هذا حَديثُ إبراهيمَ، وقالَ الحَسَنُ: عُمرَةٌ مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ. وقالَ أبو يَعلَى: عُمرَتُه مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هُدبَةَ (^٣).\nوفِى هذا دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه -ﷺ- قَسَمَ غَنائمَ حُنَينٍ بها.\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فأَمّا ما احتَجَّ به أبو يوسُفَ، مِن أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لَم يَقسِمْ غَنائمَ بَدرٍ حَتَّى ورَدَ المَدينَةَ، وما ثَبَتَ مِنَ الحديثِ بأَن قال: والدَّليلُ على ذَلِكَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أسهَمَ لِعُثمانَ وطَلحَةَ ولَم يَشهَدَا بَدرًا، فإِن كان كما\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٠٧)، وأحمد (٩٠)، وابن إسحاق - كما فى سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٥٧. وأخرجه البخارى (٢٧٣٠) من طريق نافع به بنحوه مطولًا.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨٨٦٣، ٨٩٠٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٢٥٣/ ٢١٧).","vol":"18","page":191},{"text":"قال فهو يُخالِفُ سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ لأنَّه يَزعُمُ أنَّه لَيسَ لِلإمامِ أن يُعطىَ أحَدًا لَم يَشهَدِ الوَقعَةَ ولَم يَكُنْ مَدَدًا، ولَيسَ كما قال؛ قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- غَنائمَ بَدرٍ بسَيَرٍ (^١) شِعبٍ مِن شِعابِ الصَّفراءِ قَريبٍ مِن بَدرٍ (^٢):\n\n١٨٠٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: ومَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا خَرَجَ مِن مَضيقٍ يُقالَ له الصَّفراءُ خَرَجَ مِنه إلَى كَثيبٍ يُقالُ له: سَيرٌ (^٣)، على مَسيرَةِ لَيلَةٍ مِن بَدرٍ أو أكثَرَ، فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النَّفَلَ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ على ذَلِكَ الكَثيبِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنى حُيَىٌّ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ يَومَ بَدرٍ بثَلاثِمِائَةٍ وخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ المُقاتِلَةِ كما خَرَجَ طالوتُ، فدَعا لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ خَرَجَ فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنَّهُم حُفاةٌ فاحمِلْهُم، اللَّهُمَّ إنَّهُم عُراةٌ فاكْسُهُم، اللَّهُمَّ إنَّهُم جياعٌ فأَشبِعْهُم\".\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، ص ٨: \"بسبر\"، وضبطت فى الأصل بسكون الباء، وقال فى الحاشية: \"كذا بسبر ولعله بسير وهو مكان قريب من الصفراء والله أعلم\".\nوذكره فى النهاية ٢/ ٤٣٤ بتشديد الياء المكسورة، وفى معجم البلدان ٣/ ٣٢ بكسر الباء المشددة، وفى ٣/ ٢١٤ بالياء المفتوحة.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، ص ٨: \"سبر\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٢٨٨٦).","vol":"18","page":192},{"text":"ففَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُم يَومَ بَدرٍ، فانقَلَبوا وما مِنهُم رَجُلٌ إلَّا وقَد رَجَعَ بجَمَلٍ أو جَمَلَينِ، واكتَسَوا وشَبِعوا (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكانَت غَنائمُ بَدرٍ -كما رَوَى عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ- غَنِمَها المُسلِمونَ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الآيَةُ فى سورَةِ الأنفالِ، فلَمّا تَشاحُّوا عَلَيها انتَزَعَها اللهُ مِن أيديهِم بقَولِه: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ الآية (^٢) [الأنفال: ١].\n\n١٨٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى الأشدَقِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى بَدرٍ فلَقِىَ بها العَدوَّ، فلَمّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَتهُم طائفَةٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يَقتُلونَهُم، وأَحدَقَت طائفَةٌ برسولِ الله -ﷺ-، واستَولَت طائفَةٌ على النَّهبِ (^٣) والعَسكَرِ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ الَّذينَ طَلَبوا العَدوَّ قالوا: لَنا النَّفَلُ؛ نَحنُ طَلَبنا العَدوَّ، وبِنا نَفاهُمُ اللهُ وهَزَمَهُم. وقالَ الَّذينَ أحدَقوا برسولِ الله -ﷺ-: ما أنتُم بأَحَقَّ به مِنّا بَل هو لَنا؛ نَحنُ أحدَقنا برسولِ الله -ﷺ- أن يَنالَه مِنَ العَدوِّ غِرَّةٌ. وقالَ الَّذينَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٣/ ٣٧، ٣٨. وتقدم فى (١٢٨٨٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٣) النهب: الغنيمة. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ١٥.","vol":"18","page":193},{"text":"استَولَوا على العَسكَرِ والنَّهبِ: ما أنتُم بأَحَقَّ به مِنّا بَل هو لَنا؛ نَحنُ استَولَينا عَلَيه وأَحرَزناه. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ على رسولِه ﵇: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ الآيَة. فقَسَمَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُم عن فَواقٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى الأشدَقِ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ قال: سأَلْتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ عن الأنفالِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، قال فى آخِرِه: فلَمّا اختَلَفنا وساءَت أخلاقُنا، انتَزَعَه اللهُ مِن أيدينا فجَعَلَه إلَى رسولِه، فقَسَمَه على النّاسِ عن بَواءٍ (^٢)، فكانَ فى ذَلِكَ تَقوَى اللهِ وطاعَتُه، وطاعَةُ رسولِه، وصَلاحُ ذاتِ البَينِ، يقولُ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ (^٣).\nوعن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ يقولُ: أُنزِلَت سورَةُ الأنفالِ بأَسرِها فى أهلِ بَدرٍ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فكانَت لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كُلُّها خالِصًا، وقَسَمَها بَينَهُم، وأَدخَلَ مَعَهُم ثَمانيَةَ نَفَرٍ لَم يَشهَدوا الوَقعَةَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ (^٤). وقالَ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٩٨٢ - تفسير)، ومن طريقه الضياء فى المختارة (٣٦٤). وتقدم فى (١٢٨٤١) من طريق سليمان به. وقوله: \"عن فواق\". تقدم تفسيره فى (١٢٨٤١).\n(^٢) فى م: \"سواء\". وقوله: \"عن براء\" تقدم تفسيره فى (١٢٨٤٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٨٤٠).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.","vol":"18","page":194},{"text":"فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: سَبعَةً أو ثَمانيَةً (^١).\n\n١٨٠٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ وحَسّانُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ فى تَسميَةِ مَن شَهِدَ بَدرًا، ولَم يَشهَدْها ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَهمِه؛ فمِمَّن لَم يَشهَدْها وضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ بنِ أبى العاصِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ عبدِ شَمسٍ؛ تَخَلَّفَ بالمَدينَةِ على امرأتِه رُقَيَّةَ بنتِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وكانَت وجِعَةً، فضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَهمِه قال: وأَجرِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وأَجرُكَ\". وطَلحَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ كَعبِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ تَيمِ بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: كان بالشّامِ فقَدِمَ، فكَلَّمَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه، قال: وأَجرِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وأَجرُكَ\". وسَعيدُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ قَدِمَ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعدَما رَجَعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى المَدينَةِ، فضَرَبَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بسَهمِه، فقالَ: وأَجرِى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وأَجرُكَ\". فهَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثَةُ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ، وأَمّا مِنَ الأنصارِ فأبو لُبابَةَ خَرَجَ -زَعَموا- مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى بَدرٍ فأَمَّرَه على المَدينَةِ، وضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه مَعَ أصحابِ بَدرٍ، والحارِثُ بنُ حاطِبٍ رَجَعَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- -زَعَموا- إلَى المَدينَةِ، وضَرَبَ له بسَهمِه، وخَرَجَ عاصِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ فرَدَّه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، وضرَبَ له بسَهمٍ مَعَ أهلِ بَدرٍ، وخَوّاتُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ النُّعمانِ ضَرَبَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَهمِه فى أصحابِ بَدرٍ، والحارِثُ بن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٩.","vol":"18","page":195},{"text":"الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بالرَّوحاءِ، فضَرَبَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بسَهمٍ (^١).\nوذَكَرَهُم أيضًا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٢)، وذَكَرَهُم أيضًا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ الحارِثَ بنَ حاطِبٍ فى الرَّدِّ إلَى المَدينَةِ (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما أعطاهُم مِن مالِه، وإِنَّما نَزَلَت ﴿وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ﴾ بَعدَ غَنيمَةِ بَدرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: سورَةُ الأنفالِ؟ قال: نَزَلَت فى أهلِ بَدرٍ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وأَمّا ما احتُجَّ به مِن وقعَةِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ وابنِ الحَضرَمِىِّ فذَلِكَ قبلَ بَدرٍ وقَبلَ نُزولِ الآيَةِ، وكانَت وقعَتُهُم فى آخِرِ يَومٍ مِنَ الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، فتَوَقَّفوا فيما صَنَعوا حَتَى نَزَلَت ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٨٤٣) من طريق عمرو بن خالد.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ٦٧، ٣٩/ ٣٤.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٨٤٣).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٩٨٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه مسلم (٣٠٣١/ ٣١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٦) فى م: \"هشام\". والحديث عند البخارى (٤٦٤٥).","vol":"18","page":196},{"text":"الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧]. ولَيسَ مِمّا خالَفَ فيه الأوزاعِىُّ بسَبيلٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخ: قَد ذَكَرنا قِصَّةَ ابنِ جَحشٍ مِن رِوايَةِ جُندُبِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ رُومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عبدَ اللهِ بنَ جَحشٍ إلَى نَخلَةَ، فقالَ له: \"كُنْ بها حَتَّى تأتيَنا بخَبَرٍ من أخبارِ قُرَيشٍ\". ولَم يأمُرْه بقِتالٍ، وذَلِكَ فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، وكَتَبَ له كِتابًا قبلَ أن يُعلِمَه أينَ يَسيرُ؛ فقالَ: \"اخرُج أنتَ وأَصحابُكَ، حَتَّى إذا سِرتَ يَومَينِ فافتَحْ كِتابَكَ وانظُرْ فيه، فما أمَرتُكَ به فامضِ له، ولا تَستَكرِهَنَّ أحَدًا مِن أصحابِكَ على الذَّهابِ مَعَكَ\". فلَمّا سارَ يَومَينِ فتَحَ الكِتابَ فإِذا فيه: \"أن امضِ حَتَّى تَنزِلَ نَخلَةَ فتأتيَنا مِن أخبارِ قُرَيشٍ بما يَصلُ إلَيكَ مِنهُم\". فقالَ لأصحابِه حينَ قرأَ الكِتابَ: سَمعٌ وطاعَةٌ، مَن كان مِنكُم له رَغبَةٌ فى الشَّهادَةِ فليَنطَلِقْ مَعِى؛ فإِنِّى ماضٍ لأمرِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ومَن كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ مِنكُم فليَرجِعْ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد نَهانى أن أستَكرِهَ مِنكُم أحَدًا. فمَضَى مَعَه القَومُ، حَتَّى إذا كان ببَحرانَ أضَلَّ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وعُتبَةُ بنُ غَزوانَ بَعيرًا لَهُما كانا يَعتَقِبانِه، فتَخَلَّفا عَلَيه يَطلُبانِه، ومَضَى القَومُ حَتَّى نَزَلوا نَخلَةَ، فمَرَّ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٣٥.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٧٨٠٣).","vol":"18","page":197},{"text":"بهِم عمرُو بنُ الحَضرَمِىِّ والحَكَمُ بنُ كَيسانَ وعُثمانُ والمُغيرَةُ ابنا عبدِ اللهِ مَعَهُم تِجارَةٌ قَدِموا بها مِنَ الطّائفِ أدَمٌ وزَبيبٌ، فلَمّا رآهُمُ القَومُ أشرَفَ لَهُم واقِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ وكانَ قَد حَلَقَ رأسَه، فلَمّا رأوه حَليقًا قالوا: عُمّارٌ، لَيسَ عَلَيكُم مِنهُم بأسٌ، وائتَمَرَ (^١) القَومُ بهِم -يَعنِى أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-- فى آخِرِ يَومٍ مِن رَجَبٍ فقالوا: لَئن قَتَلتُموهُم إنَّكُم لَتَقتُلونَهُم فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، ولَئن تَرَكتُموهُم لَيَدخُلُنَّ فى هذه اللَّيلَةِ الحَرَمَ، فليَمتَنِعُنَّ مِنكُم. فأَجمَعَ القَومُ على قَتلِهِم، فرَمَى واقِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّميمِىُّ عمرَو بنَ الحَضرَمِىِّ بسَهمٍ فقَتَلَه، واستأسَرَ عثمانُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ والحَكَمُ بنُ كَيسانَ، وهَرَبَ المُغيرَةُ فأَعجَزَهُم، واستاقوا العيرَ، فقَدِموا بها على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لَهُم: \"واللهِ ما أمَرتُكُم بالقِتالِ فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ\". فأوقَفَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الأسيرَينِ والعيرَ، فلَم يأخُذْ مِنها شَيئًا، فلَمّا قال لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما قال أُسقِطَ فى أيديهِم، وظَنّوا أن قَد هَلَكوا، وعَنَّفَهُم إخوانُهُم مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وقالَت قُرَيشٌ حينَ بَلَغَهُم أمرُ هَؤُلاءِ: قَد سَفَكَ محمدٌ الدَّمَ فى الشَّهرِ الحَرامِ، وأَخَذَ فيه المالَ، وأَسَرَ فيه الرِّجالَ، واستَحَلَّ الشَّهرَ الحَرامَ. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى فى ذَلِكَ: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ﴾ يقولُ: الكُفرُ باللهِ أكبَرُ مِنَ القَتلِ. فلَمّا نَزَلَ ذَلِكَ أخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- العيرَ وفَدَى الأسيرَينِ، فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: أتَطمَعُ لَنا أن تَكونَ غَزوَةً؟\n_________\n(^١) ائتمر القوم: تشاوروا. المصباح المنير ص ٩.","vol":"18","page":198},{"text":"فأَنزَلَ اللهُ فيهِم: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [البقرة: ٢١٨]، وكانوا ثَمانيَةً، وأَميرُهُمُ التّاسِعُ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَحشٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمُ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَحشٍ بمَعنَى هذا، قال: وذَلِكَ فى رَجَبٍ قبلَ بَدرٍ بشَهرَينِ (^٢).\nوفِى ذَلِكَ دلالَةٌ على أن ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ نُزولِ الآيَةِ فى الغَنائمِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3792>بابُ السَّريَّةِ تأخُذُ العَلَفَ والطَّعامَ</span>\n\n١٨٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو الأحرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ المَروَزِىُّ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، عن شُعبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: كُنّا مُحاصِرِى خَيبَرَ فرَمَى إنسانٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٣/ ١٨، ١٩ عن الحاكم به. وأخرجه ابن الأثير فى أسد الغابة ٥/ ٤٣٢، ٤٣٣ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وتقدم فى (١٧٨٠٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى دلائل النبوة ٣/ ٢٠، ٢١.","vol":"18","page":199},{"text":"بجِرابٍ فأَخَذتُه، فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فاستَحيَيتُ مِنه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٤٩ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ القَيسِىُّ كِلاهُما عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ العَدَوِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ المُغَفَّلِ -﵁- يقولُ: دُلِّىَ جِرابٌ مِن شَحمٍ يَومَ خَيبَرَ فأَخَذتُه فالتَزَمتُه فقُلتُ: هذا لى، لا أُعطى أحَدًا مِنه شَيئًا. فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاستَحيَيتُ مِنه. قال سُلَيمانُ فى حَديثِه ولَيسَ فى حَديثِ شُعبَةَ: إن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"هو لَكَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبى داودَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ وهو ابنُ إبراهيمَ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كُنّا نُصيبُ فى المَغازِى العَسَلَ والفاكِهَةَ فنأكُلُه ولا نَرفَعُه. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: العَسَلَ والعِنَبَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٥٥)، ومسلم (١٧٧٢/ ٧٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣١٥٣، ٤٢١٤، ٥٥٠٨).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٥٩)، وعنه أحمد (٢٠٥٦٧) بدون ذكر سليمان. وأبو داود (٢٧٠٢)، والنسائى (٤٤٤٧) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٧٣٩، ١٩٧٤٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٧٢) عقب (٧٣).\n(^٥) البخارى (٣١٥٤).","vol":"18","page":200},{"text":"١٨٠٥١ - ورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: كُنّا نأتى المَغازِىَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فنُصيبُ العَسَلَ والسَّمنَ فنأكُلُه. أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٨٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا الزُّبَيرِىُّ (^٢) إبراهيمُ بنِ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن جَيشًا غَنِموا فى زَمانِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- طَعامًا وعَسَلًا فلَم يُؤخَذْ مِنهُمُ الخُمُسُ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٥٣ - ورَواه عثمانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الجُذامِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ، أن جَيشًا غَنِموا. دونَ ذِكرِ ابنِ عُمَرَ فيه. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى عثمانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الجُذامِىُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا.\n\n١٨٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٥٦).\n(^٢) فى س: \"الزبير\"، وفى م: \"الزبير بن\". وقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٧٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٠١)، والطبرانى (١٣٣٧٢) من طريق إبراهيم بن حمزة الزبيرى به.","vol":"18","page":201},{"text":"هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا الشَّيبانىُّ وأَشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى المُجالِدِ قال: بَعَثَنى أهلُ المَسجِدِ إلَى ابنِ أبى أوفَى أسأَلُه: ما صَنَعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى طَعامِ خَيبَرَ؟ فأَتَيتُه فسأَلتُه عن ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ: هَل خَمَّسَهُ؟ قال: لا، كان أقَلَّ مِن ذَلِكَ، وكانَ أحَدُنا إذا أرادَ مِنه شَيئًا أخَذَ مِنه حاجَتَه (^١).\n\n١٨٠٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ومُؤَمَّلُ بنُ هِشامٍ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبى بَرزَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ قال: كانَتِ العَرَبُ تَقولُ: مَن أكَلَ الخُبزَ سَمِنَ. فلَمّا فتَحنا خَيبَرَ أجهَضناهُم (^٢) عن خَبزَةٍ لَهُم فقَعَدتُ عَلَيها، فأَكَلتُ مِنها حَتَّى شَبِعتُ، فجَعَلتُ أنظُرُ فى عِطفَىَّ هَل سَمِنتُ (^٣). كَذا قال: عن يونُسَ. وقالَ غَيرُه: عن أيّوبَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن سُوَيدٍ خادِمِ سَلمانَ أنَّه أصابَ سَلَّةً -يَعنى فى غَزوِهِم (^٥) - فقَرَّبَها إلَى سَلمانَ ففَتَحَها، فإِذا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٣، ١٣٤ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) أجهضناهم: أى نحيناهم وغلبناهم. ينظر التاج ١٨/ ٢٧٩ (ج هـ ض).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٤، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٧٤٣، ٣٣٢١٦) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن قانع فى معجم الصحابة ٣/ ١٥٩، وابن عساكر فى ٦٢/ ٩٥، ٩٦ من طريق الحارث بن عمير عن أيوب به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"غزوة\".","vol":"18","page":202},{"text":"فيها حُوّارَى (^١) وجُبنٌ، فأَكَلَ سَلمانُ مِنها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3793>بابُ بَيعِ الطَّعامِ فى دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أَسِيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن خالِدِ بنِ الدُّرَيكِ قال: سأَلتُ ابنَ مُحَيريزٍ عن بَيعِ الطَّعامِ والعَلَفِ بأَرضِ الرّومِ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ فَضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ يقولُ: إنَّ رِجالًا يُريدونَ أن يُزيلونى عن دينى، واللهِ لا يَكونُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى ألقَى محمدًا -ﷺ- وأَصحابَه، مَن باعَ طَعامًا أو عَلَفًا بأَرضِ الرّومِ مِمّا أصابَ مِنها بذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ ففيه خُمُسُ اللهِ وفَىْءُ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ دُرَيكٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: إنَّ ناسًا يُريدونَ أن يَستَزِلّونى عن دينى، وإِنِّى واللهِ لأرجو ألَّا أزالَ عَلَيه حَتَّى أموتَ، ما كان\n_________\n(^١) الحوارى: الخبز الذى نُخِل مرة بعد مرة. النهاية ١/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة فى المصنف (٢٤٧٨٢، ٣٣٨٩٦، ٣٦٧٩٠) من طريق الربيع بن أنس عن أبى العالية عن سويد بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ٢٩٨ (٧٦٦) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٨٨٧) من طريق أسيد ابن عبد الله عن خالد به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٥/ ٣٣٦: رواه الطبرانى ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"18","page":203},{"text":"مِن شَئٍ بِيعَ بذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ ففيه خُمُسُ اللهِ وسِهامُ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أَسِيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن مُقبِلِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن هانئِ بنِ كُلثومٍ، أن صاحِبَ جَيشِ الشّامِ حينَ فُتِحَتِ الشّامُ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ ابنِ الخطابِ: إنّا فتَحنا أرضًا كَثيرَةَ الطَّعامِ والعَلَفِ، فكَرِهتُ أن أتَقَدَّمَ فى شَئٍ مِن ذَلِكَ إلَّا بأَمرِكَ، فاكتُبْ إلَىَّ بأَمرِكَ فى ذَلِكَ. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ أن دَعِ النّاسَ يأكلون ويَعلِفونَ، فمَن باعَ شَيئًا بذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ ففيه خُمُسُ اللهِ وسِهامُ المُسلِمينَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3794>بابُ ما فضَلَ فى يَدِه مِنَ الطَّعامِ والعَلَفِ فى دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ العَزيزِ شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ الأُردُنِّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنْمٍ قال: رابَطْنا مَدينَةَ قِنَّسرينَ مَعَ شُرَحبيلَ بنِ السِّمطِ، فلَمّا فتَحَها أصابَ فيها غَنَمًا وبَقَرًا، فقَسَمَ فينا طائفَةً مِنها، وجَعَلَ بَقيَّتَها فى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٦١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٢٩٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٨٨٨) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٠/ ١٤٠ من طريق المصنف به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٨٨٦) من طريق أسيد بن عبد الله عن مقبل به.","vol":"18","page":204},{"text":"المَغنَمِ، فلَقيتُ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ فحَدَّثتُه، فقالَ مُعاذٌ: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بخَيبَرَ، فأَصَبنا فيها غَنَمًا، فقَسَمَ فينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- طائفَةً، وجَعَلَ بَقيَّتَها فى المَغنَمِ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الفُضَيلِ، عن العباسِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأشجَعِىِّ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ خَيبَرَ: \"كُلوا واعلِفوا ولا تَحتَمِلوا\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ (^٣)، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن ابنَ حَرشَفٍ (^٤) الأزدِىَّ حَدَّثَه عن القاسمِ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: كُنّا نأكُل الجَزَرَ فى الغَزوِ ولا نَقسِمُه، حَتَّى إن كُنّا لَنَرجِعُ إلَى رِحالِنا وأَخرِجَتُنا مِنه مُملاةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٠٧). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٥٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٥٨)، وأبو جعفر محمد بن عمرو الرزاز فى مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٤٤٤). وأخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة فى مسنده (٦٧٠ - بغية) عن الواقدى به.\n(^٣) بعده فى الأصل، م: \"عن عبيد الله بن عمر فذكره مرسلًا. أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الحافظ أبنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن يعقوب الحافظ ثنا يحيى بن محمد بن يحيى ثنا مسدد ثنا هشيم\". وكتب فى الأصل على أوله: لا. وفى آخره: إلى.\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"خرشف\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٤٣٣.\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٥٩)، وأبو داود (٢٧٠٦)، وسعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٢٧٣٩). وضعفه=","vol":"18","page":205},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: يُروَى مِن حَديثِ بَعضِ النّاسِ مِثلُ ما قُلتُ، مِن أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أذِنَ لَهُم أن يأكُلوا فى بلادِ العَدوِّ، ولا يَخرُجوا بشَئٍ مِنَ الطَّعامِ، فإِن كان مِثلُ هذا يَثبُتُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فلا حُجَّةَ لأحَد مَعَه، وإِن كان لا يَثبُتُ لأنَّ فى رِجالِه مَن يُجهَلُ، فكَذَلِكَ فى رِجالِ مَن رُوِى عنه إحلالُه مَن يُجهَلُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه أرادَ بالأوَّلِ حَديثَ الواقِدِىِّ، وأَرادَ بالثّانِى ما ذَكَرنا بَعدَه.\n\n١٨٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو حَمزَةَ العَطّارُ قال: قُلتُ لِلحَسَنِ: يا أبا سعيدٍ، إنِّى امرُؤٌ مَتْجَرِى بالأُبُلَّةِ، وإِنِّى أملأُ بَطنِى مِنَ الطَّعامِ، فأَصعَدُ إلَى أرضِ العَدوِّ فآكُلُ مِن تَمرِه وبُسرِه، فما تَرَى؟ قال الحَسَنُ: غَزَوتُ مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ ورِجالٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، كانوا إذا صَعِدوا إلَى الثِّمارِ أكَلوا مِن غَيرِ أن يُفسِدوا أو يَحمِلوا (^٢).\n_________\n= الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٥٧٨).\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٥٣)، والأم ٤/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٦٠). وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٥٨٣: أبو حمزة هو إسحاق بن الربيع، ضُعِّف.","vol":"18","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3795>بابُ النَّهىِ عن نَهبِ الطَّعامِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن جَدِّه رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، فأَصابَ النّاسَ جوعٌ، فأَصَبنا إبِلًا وغَنَمًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى أُخرَياتِ النّاسِ، فعَجِلوا فذَبَحوا ونَصبوا القُدورَ، فدُفِعَ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَ بالقُدورِ فأُكفِئَت، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ فعَدَلَ عَشْرًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ ببَعيرٍ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى سَفَرٍ، فأَصابَ النّاسَ حاجَةٌ شَديدَةٌ وجَهدٌ، فأَصابوا غَنَمًا فانتَهَبوها، وإِنَّ قُدورَنا لَتَغلِى إذ جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَمشِى على فرَسِه، فأَكفأ قُدورَنا بقَوسِه، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُرَمِّلُ اللَّحمَ بالتُّرابِ ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ النُّهبَةَ لَيسَت بأَحَلَّ مِنَ المَيتَةِ\". أو: \"إنَّ المَيتَةَ لَيسَت بأَحَلَّ مِنَ النُّهبَةِ\". الشَّكُّ مِن هَنّادٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٠٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٨٦) من طريق مسدد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٧٥).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٠٥). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٣٦) من طريق عاصم بن كليب به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٥٤).","vol":"18","page":207},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3796>بابُ أخذِ السِّلاحِ وغَيِره بغَيِر إذنِ الإمامِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ التُّجيبِىِّ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ السَّبَئىِّ، عن رُوَيفِعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال عامَ حُنَينٍ: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يُسقيَنَّ ماءَه ولَدَ غَيرِه، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يأخُذَنَّ دابَّةً مِنَ المَغانِمِ فيَركَبَها حَتَّى إذا نَقَضَها (^١) رَدَّها فى المَغانِمِ، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فلا يَلبَسَنَّ شَيئًا مِنَ المَغانِمِ حَتَّى إذا أخلَقَه رَدَّه فى المَغانِمِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن بُدَيلِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ وخالِدٍ والزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرِّيتِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَلقَينِ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- وهو بوادِى القُرَى فقُلتُ: ما تَقولُ فى الغَنيمَةِ؟ قال: \"للهِ خُمُسُها وأربَعَةُ أخماسٍ لِلجَيشِ\". قُلتُ: فما أحَدٌ أولَى به\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"نقصها\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٦٦٥). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٥٠) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٦٩٩٧)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٨، ٢١٥٩) من طريق ربيعة بن سليم أبى مرزوق التجيبى به. وعند ابن حبان: خيبر. بدلًا من: حنين، ولم يذكر أبو داود حنينًا ولا خيبر. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٨٩٠، ١٨٩١).","vol":"18","page":208},{"text":"مِن أحَدٍ؟ قال: \"لا، ولا السَّهمُ تَستَخرِجُه مِن جَنبِكَ، لَيسَ أنتَ أحَقَّ به مِن أخيكَ المُسلِمِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3797>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فى استِعمالِه فى حالِ الضَّرورَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عَثّامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى أبى جَهلٍ وهو صَريعٌ وعَلَيه بَيضَةٌ ومَعَه سَيفٌ جَيِّدٌ ومَعِى سَيفٌ رَدِئٌ فجَعَلتُ أنقُفُ (^٢) رأسَه بسَيفِى -وأَذكُرُ نَقْفًا كان يَنقُفُ رأسِى بمَكَّةَ- حَتَّى ضَعُفَت يَدُه، فأَخَذتُ سَيفَه، فرَفَعَ رأسَه فقالَ: على مَن كانَتِ الدَّبْرَةُ (^٣)؟ أكانَت لَنا أو عَلَينا؟ ألَستَ روَيعيَنا بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: فقَتَلتُه ثُمَّ أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: قَتَلتُ أبا جَهلٍ. قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"آللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو قَتَلْتَهُ؟ \". فاستَحلَفَنى ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ قامَ مَعِى إلَيهِم فدَعا عَلَيهِم (^٤).\n\n١٨٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا مِنجابُ بنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٩٩١، ١٣٠٦٣)، وفى الموضع الثانى بتمامه.\n(^٢) النقف: هشم الرأس. النهاية ٥/ ١٠٩.\n(^٣) الدبرة: الهزيمة. النهاية ٢/ ٩٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٢٦٣) من طريق محمد بن أبى بكر به.","vol":"18","page":209},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى أبى جَهلٍ وهو فى القَتلَى صَريعٌ، ومَعِى سَيفٌ رَثٌّ، فجَعَلتُ أضرِبُه بسَيفِى فلَم يَعمَلْ شَيئًا. قال: ونَظَرَ إلَىَّ فقالَ: أروَيعيْنا بمَكَّةَ؟ فوَقَعَ سَيفُه فأَخَذتُه فضَرَبتُه به حَتَّى قَتَلتُه، ثُمَّ جِئتُ أشتَدُّ حَتَّى أخبَرتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أنتَ قَتلتَهُ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. حَتَّى استَحلَفَنِى ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فحَلَفتُ له، ثُمَّ قال: \"انطَلِقْ فأَرِنيه\". فانطَلَقَ فأَرَيتُه إيّاه فقالَ: \"كان هذا فِرعَونَ هذه الأُمَّةِ\" (^١).\nورَواه الأعمَشُ عن أبى إسحاقَ بمَعناه.\n\n١٨٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن بَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَقِيتُ يَومَ مُسَيلِمَةَ رَجُلًا يُقالُ له: حِمارُ اليَمامَةِ؛ رَجُلًا جَسيمًا بيَدِه سَيفٌ أبيَضُ، فضَرَبتُ رِجلَيه، فكأنَّما أخطأْتُه (^٢)، فانقَعَرَ فوَقَعَ على قَفاه، فأَخَذتُ سَيفَه وأَغمَدتُ سَيفِى، فما ضَرَبتُ به إلَّا ضَربَةً حَتَّى انقَطَعَ، فأَلقَيتُه وأَخَذتُ سَيفِى (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٢٤) من طريق شريك به. وأبو داود (٢٧٠٩) من طريق أبى إسحاق السبيعى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٥٧).\n(^٢) يقال عند المبالغة فى الإصابة: لكأنما أخطأ رأسه. ينظر فتح البارى ٧/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو إسحاق الفزارى فى السير (٤١٨) عن ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٧٤) -وعنه الطبرانى (١٨١١) - عن معمر به.","vol":"18","page":210},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3798>بابٌ: الإمامُ إذا ظَهَرَ على قَومٍ أقامَ بعَرصَتِهِم ثَلاثًا</span>\n\n١٨٠٧١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ ابنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، عن أبى طَلحَةَ -﵄- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا غَلَبَ على قَومٍ أحَبَّ أن يُقيمَ بعَرصَتِهِم ثَلاثًا (^١). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ رَوحٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ (^٢)، قال البخارىُّ: وتابَعَه مُعاذٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3799>بابُ ما يَفعَلُه بذَرارِىِّ مَن ظَهَرَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ ابنَ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ أن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ لَمّا نَزَلوا على حُكمِ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ أرسَلَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فجاءَ على حِمارٍ، فلَمّا كان قَريبًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قوموا إلَى سَيِّدِكُم. أو: إلَى خَيرِكُم\". فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ نَزَلوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٥٥)، وأبو داود (٢٦٩٥)، والترمذى (١٥٥١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٥٧)، وابن حبان (٤٧٧٦) من طريق معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٦٥، ٣٩٧٦)، ومسلم (٢٨٧٥/ ٧٨).\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٣٠٦٥).","vol":"18","page":211},{"text":"على حُكمِكَ\". قال: فإِنِّى أحكُمُ فيهم أن تُقتَلَ مُقاتِلَتُهُم، وتُسبَى ذَراريُّهُم. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"حَكَمتَ بحُكمِ المَلِكِ\". ورُبَّما قال: \"حَكَمتَ بحُكمِ اللهِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الأسَدِىُّ الحافظُ بهَمَذانَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ دِيزيلَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَرْوِىُّ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ التَّمّارُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، أن سَعدَ بنَ مُعاذٍ حَكَمَ على بَنى قُرَيظَةَ أن يُقتَلَ مِنهُم كُلُّ مَن جَرَت عَلَيه الموسَى، وأَن تُقسَمَ أموالُهُم وذَراريُّهُم، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"لَقَد حَكَمَ اليَومَ فيهِم بحُكمِ اللهِ الَّذِى حَكَمَ به مِن فوقِ سَبعِ سَمَواتٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ القُرَظىِّ قال: كُنتُ فيهِم، فكانَ مَن أنبَتَ قُتِلَ، ومَن لَم يُنبِتْ تُرِكَ، فكُنتُ فيمَن لَم يُنبِتْ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٧١٩) عن أبى قلابة عبد الملك بن محمد به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١١٤٢٦) من طريق شعبة، وسيأتى فى (١٨٢٣٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٤٣)، ومسلم (١٧٦٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٨٨٥). والحاكم ٢/ ١٢٣، ١٢٤. وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٣٩، ٨٢٢٣) من طريق محمد بن صالح التمار به.\n(^٤) أنبت: أى أنبت شعر العانة، وهو من علامات البلوغ فيكون من المقاتلة. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٤٥.=","vol":"18","page":212},{"text":"١٨٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ ابنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ القُرَظىِّ قال: كُنتُ فيمَن حَكَمَ فيهِم سَعدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن تُقتَلَ مُقاتِلَتُهُم وتُسبَى ذَراريُّهُم. قال: فجاءوا بى -ولا أُرانى إلَّا سَيَقتُلونَنِى- فكَشَفوا عانَتى، فوَجَدوها لَم تُنبِتْ، فجَعَلونى فى السَّبىِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3800>بابُ ما يَفعَلُه بالرِّجالِ البالِغيَن مِنهُم</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: الإمامُ فيهِم بالخِيارِ بَينَ أن يَقتُلَهُم إن لَم يُسلِمْ أهلُ الأوثانِ أو يُعطِىَ (^٢) الجِزيَةَ أهلُ الكِتابِ، أو يَمُنَّ عَلَيهِم، أو يُفاديَهُم بمالٍ يأخُذُه مِنهُم أو بأَسرَى مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يُطلَقوا لَهُم، أو يَستَرِقَّهُم، فإنِ استَرَقَّهُم أو أخَذَ مِنهُم مالًا فسَبيلُه سَبيلُ الغَنيمَةِ؛ يُخَمَّسُ ويَكونُ أربَعَةُ أخماسِها لأهلِ الغَنيمَةِ، فإِن قال قائلٌ: كَيفَ حَكَمتَ فى المالِ والوِلدانِ والنِّساءِ حُكمًا واحِدًا، وحَكَمتَ فى الرِّجالِ أحكامًا مُتَفَرِّقَةً؟ قيلَ: ظَهَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على قُرَيظَةَ وخَيبَرَ، فقَسَمَ عَقارَها مِنَ الأرَضينَ والنَّخلِ قِسمَةَ الأموالِ، وسَبَى وِلدانَ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ وهَوازِنَ ونِساءَهُم فقَسَمَهُم قَسمَ الأموالِ (^٣).\n_________\n= والحديث تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٤٢٧).\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٤٠٥) عن مسدد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٢٠)، وابن حبان (٤٧٨٣) من طريق أبى عوانة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٠٥).\n(^٢) كذا بالنسخ بالياء، وفى الأم: \"يعط\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٣٨.","vol":"18","page":213},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: أمّا ما قال فى قُرَيظَةَ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن يَهودَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ وقُرَيظَةَ حارَبوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَنى النَّضيرِ وأَقَرَّ قُرَيظَةَ ومَنَّ عَلَيهِم، حَتَّى حارَبَت قُرَيظَةُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، فقَتَلَ رِجالَهُم وقَسَمَ نِساءَهُم وأَولادَهُم وأَموالَهُم بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، إلَّا بَعضَهُم لَحِقوا برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فآمَنَهُم وأَسلَموا، وأَجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَهودَ المَدينَةِ بَنى قَينُقاعَ -وهُم قَومُ عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ سَلَامٍ- ويَهودَ بَنى حارِثَةَ وكُلَّ يَهودِىٍّ بالمَدينَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\nوأَمّا ما قال فى خَيبَرَ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٦٠٤)، والمعرفة (٥٥٨٣)، والدلائل ٣/ ١٨٣، ٣٥٨ عن أبى طاهر وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٣٦٧)، والبخارى (٤٠٢٨)، وأبو داود (٣٠٠٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\nوتقدم فى (١٢٩٨٢) وسيأتى فى (١٨٧٨٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٦/ ٦٢).","vol":"18","page":214},{"text":"عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: لَولا آخِرُ النّاسِ ما فُتِحَت عَلَيهِم قَريَةٌ إلَّا قَسَمتُها كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَيبَرَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\nوأَمّا ما قال فى وِلدانِ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ ومُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: كتَبتُ إلَى نافِعٍ أسأَلُه عن الدُّعاءِ قبلَ القِتالِ قال: إنَّما كان ذَلِكَ الدُّعاءُ فى أصلِ (^٣) الإسلامِ، قَد أغارَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ وهُم غارّونَ وأَنعامُهُم تُسقَى على الماءِ، فقَتَلَ مُقاتِلَتَهُم، وسَبَى سَبيَهُم، وأَصابَ يَومَئذٍ جوَيريَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى بهَذا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، وكانَ فى ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ: إنَّما ذَلِكَ بَعدَ الدُّعاءِ فى أوَّلِ الإسلام. والباقِى سَواءٌ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنّى عن ابنِ أبى عَدِىٍّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٤)، وأبو داود (٣٠٢٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٢٣٦).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"أول\"، وفى س: \"صدر\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٤٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٨٥٧)، وابن الجارود (١٠٤٧) من طريق معاذ به. وتقدم فى (١٧٩٤٠، ١٨٠٢٩). وسيأتى فى (١٨٢٨١).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٣٠).","vol":"18","page":215},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى فى حَديثِ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ: غَزَونا (^١) المُصطَلِقَ فسَبَينا كَرائمَ العَرَبِ، فأَرَدنا أن نَستَمتِعَ ونَعزِلَ فسألنا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُم ألَّا تَفعَلوا\" (^٢).\nوأَمّا ما قال فى هَوازِنَ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنى الحَسَنُ وهو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أخِى ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عَمِّه قال: وزَعَمَ عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أن مَروانَ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَراه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قامَ حينَ جاءَه وفدُ هَوازِنَ مُسلِمينَ فسألوه أن يَرُدَّ إلَيهِم أموالَهُم وسَبيَهُم، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَعِى مَن تَرَونَ، وأَحَبُّ الحديثِ إلَىَّ أصدَقُه، فاختاروا إحدَى الطّائفَتَينِ؛ إمّا السَّبىَ وإمّا المالَ، وقَدِ استأنَيتُ بكُم\". وكانَ أنظَرَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بضعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً حينَ قَفَلَ مِنَ الطّائفِ، فلَمّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُم أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- غَيرُ رادٍّ إلَيهِم إلَّا إحدَى الطّائفَتَينِ قالوا: فإِنّا نَختارُ سَبيَنا. فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى المُسلِمينَ فأَثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ إخوَتَكُم (^٣) قَد جاءوا تائبينَ، وإِنِّى قَد رأيتُ أن أرُدَّ إلَيهِم سَبيَهُم، فمَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يُطَيِّبَ ذَلِكَ فليفعَلْ، ومَن أحَبَّ مِنكُم أن يَكونَ على حَظِّه حَتَّى نُعطيَه إيّاه مِن أوَّلِ ما يُفِئُ اللهُ عَلَينا\".\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"بنى\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٠٣٠).\n(^٣) فى س، ص ٨، م: \"إخوانكم\".","vol":"18","page":216},{"text":"فقالَ النّاسُ: قَد طيَّبنا ذَلِكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا لا نَدرِى مَن أذِنَ مِنكُم مِمَّن لَم يأذَنْ، فارجِعوا حَتَّى يَرفَعَ إلَينا عُرَفاؤُكُم\". فرَجَعَ النّاسُ فكَلَّمَهُم عُرَفاؤُهُم، فرَجَعوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَروه أنَّهُم قَد طيَّبوا وأَذِنوا. هذا الَّذى بَلَغَنِى عن سَبىِ هَوازِنَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأَسَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أهلَ بَدرٍ، فمِنهُم مَن مَنَّ عَلَيه بلا شَئٍ أخَذَه مِنه، ومِنهُم مَن أخَذَ مِنه فِديَةً، ومِنهُم مَن قَتَلَه، وكانَ المَقتولانِ بَعدَ الإسارِ يَومَ بَدرٍ عُقبَةَ بنَ أبى مُعَيْطٍ والنَّضرَ بنَ الحارِثِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عَدَدٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِن قُرَيشٍ وغَيرِهِم مِن أهلِ العِلمِ بالمَغازِى أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أسَرَ النَّضرَ بنَ الحارِثِ العَبدَرِىَّ (^٤) يَومَ بَدرٍ، وقَتَلَه بالباديَةِ (^٥) أوِ الأُثَيلِ (^٦) صَبرًا، وأَسَرَ عُقبَةَ بنَ أبى مُعَيطٍ [يَومَ بَدرٍ] (^٧)، فقَتَلَه صَبرًا (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٤) عن يعقوب به. وتقدم فى (١٣١٧٥، ١٣١٧٦) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣١٨، ٤٣١٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٣٨.\n(^٤) فى م: \"العبدى\".\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: بالنازية\".\n(^٦) الأثيل: موضع قرب المدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٩٣.\n(^٧) ليس فى: م.\n(^٨) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٦٩).","vol":"18","page":217},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ القَسمِ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ صاحِبِ \"المغازى\" (^١).\n\n١٨٠٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سَهلِ بنِ أبى حَثمَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا أقبَلَ بالأُسارَى حَتَّى إذا كان بعِرْقِ الظُّبيَةِ أمَرَ عاصِمَ بنَ ثابِتِ بنِ أبى الأقلَحِ أن يَضرِبَ عُنُقَ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ، فجَعَلَ عُقبَةُ بنُ أبى مُعَيطٍ يقولُ: يا ويلاه عَلامَ أُقتَلُ مِن بَينِ هَؤُلاءِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لِعَداوَتِكَ (^٢) للهِ ولِرسولِه\". فقالَ: يا محمدُ مَنُّكَ أفضَلُ، فاجعَلنى كَرَجُلٍ مِن قَومِى؛ إن قَتَلتَهُم قَتَلتَنِى، وإِن مَنَنتَ عَلَيهِم مَنَنتَ علىَّ، وإِن أخَذتَ مِنهُمُ الفِداءَ كُنتُ كأحَدِهِم، يا محمدُ مَن لِلصِّبيَةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"النّارُ. يا عاصِمَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، قَدِّمْه فاضرِبْ عُنُقَه\". فقَدَّمَه فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٨٢ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقَّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: أرادَ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ قَيسٍ أن يَستَعمِلَ مَسروقًا، فقالَ له عُمارَةُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٩٨٤).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بعداوتك\".\n(^٣) مغازى الواقدى ١/ ١١٤.","vol":"18","page":218},{"text":"ابنُ عُقبَةَ: أتَستَعمِلُ رَجُلًا مِن بَقايا قَتَلَةِ عثمانَ؟! فقالَ له مَسروقٌ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ -وكانَ فى أنفُسِنا مَوثوقَ الحديثِ- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا أرادَ قَتلَ أبيكَ قال: مَن لِلصِّبيَةِ؟ قال: \"النّارُ\". قَد رَضيتُ لَكَ ما رَضىَ لَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكانَ مِنَ المَمنونِ عَلَيهِم بلا فِديَةٍ أبو عَزَّةَ الجُمَحِىُّ، تَرَكَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِبَناتِه، وأَخَذَ عَلَيه عَهدًا ألا يُقاتِلَه، فأَخفَرَه وقاتَلَه يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ألَّا يُفلِتَ، فما أُسِرَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ رَجُلٌ غَيرُه، فقالَ: يا محمدُ امنُنْ علىَّ ودَعْنِى لِبَناتى، وأُعطيَك عَهدًا ألَّا أعودَ لِقِتالِكَ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا، تَمسَحُ على عارِضَيكَ بمَكَّةَ تَقولُ: قَد خَدَعتُ محمدًا مَرَّتَينِ\". فأَمَرَ به فضُرِبَت عُنُقُه. أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن غَيرِ الشّافِعِىِّ فى كِتابِ القَسْمِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٤) الأصبَهانىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ،\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٨٦) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٣٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٣٦٧)، وفى الدلائل ٣/ ٢٨٠، ٢٨١، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٩٦٩ - ١٢٩٧١).\n(^٤) كذا فى حاشية الأصل، س، ص ٨، وفى الأصل، م: \"عبد الله\". وينظر ما تقدم فى (١١٣٨٠).","vol":"18","page":219},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أمَّنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الأُسارَى يَومَ بَدرٍ أبا عَزَّةَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ عُمَيرٍ (^١) الجُمَحِىَّ، وكانَ شاعِرًا، وكانَ قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: يا محمدُ إنَّ لى خَمسَ بَناتٍ لَيسَ لَهُنَّ شَئٌ، فتَصَدَّقْ بى عَلَيهِنَّ. ففَعَلَ، وقالَ أبو عَزَّةَ: أُعطيكَ مَوثِقًا ألَّا أُقاتِلَكَ ولا أُكَثِّرَ عَلَيكَ أبَدًا. فأَرسَلَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا خَرَجَت قُرَيشٌ إلَى أُحُدٍ جاءَه صَفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فقالَ: اخرُجْ مَعَنا. فقالَ: إنِّى قَد أعطَيتُ محمدًا مَوثِقًا ألَّا أُقاتِلَه. فضَمِنَ صَفوانُ أن يَجعَلَ بَناتِه مَعَ بَناتِه إن قُتِلَ، وإن عاشَ أعطاه مالًا كَثيرًا، فلَم يَزَلْ به حَتَّى خَرَجَ مَعَ قُرَيشٍ يَومَ أُحُدٍ فأُسِرَ ولَم يُؤسَرْ غَيرُه مِن قُرَيشٍ، فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنَّما أُخرِجتُ كَرهًا (^٢) ولى بَناتٌ، فامنُنْ عَلَىَّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أينَ ما أعطَيتَنِى مِنَ العَهدِ والميثاقِ؟! لا واللهِ لا تَمسَحُ عارِضَيكَ بمَكَّةَ تَقولُ: سَخِرتُ بمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَينِ\". قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ لا يُلدَغُ مِن جُحرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، يا عاصِمُ بنَ ثابِتٍ قَدِّمْه فاضرِبْ عُنُقَه\". فقَدَّمَه فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ (^٤) ﵀: ثُمَّ أسَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. ثُمامَةَ بنَ أُثالٍ الحَنَفِىَّ بَعدُ فمَنَّ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ عادَ ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ بَعدُ فأَسلَمَ وحَسُنَ إسلامُه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عبد\". وينظر الطبقات الكبرى ٢/ ٤٣.\n(^٢) ضبطه فى الأصل بالفتح والضم. وهما لغتان، ومنهم من فرق بينهما. ينظر التاج ٣٦/ ٤٨٥ (ك ر هـ).\n(^٣) مغازى الواقدى ١/ ١١١، ١١٢.\n(^٤) فى م: \"الشيخ\".\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"18","page":220},{"text":"١٨٠٨٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وأبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَيلًا نَحوَ أرضِ نَجدٍ، فجاءَت برَجُلٍ يُقالُ له ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، سَيِّدُ أهلِ اليَمامَةِ، فرَبَطوه بساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ، فخَرَجَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما عِندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". قال: عِندِى يا محمدُ خَيرٌ؛ إن تَقتُلْنى تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن تُنعِمْ تُنعِمْ على شاكِرٍ، وإِن تُرِدِ المالَ فسَلْ تُعطَ مِنه ما شِئتَ. فتَرَكَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى (^١) كان مِنَ الغَدِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"ما عِندَكَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟ \". فقالَ: عِندِى ما قُلتُ لَكَ. فرَدَّها عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أتاه اليَومَ الثّالِثَ فرَدَّها عَلَيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أطلِقوا ثُمامَةَ\". فخَرَجَ ثُمامَةُ إلَى نَخلٍ قَريبٍ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فاغتَسَلَ مِنَ الماءِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ، يا محمدُ واللهِ ما كان على وجهِ الأرضِ وجهٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن وجهِكَ، وقَد أصبَحَ وجهُكَ أحَبَّ الوُجوهِ إلَىَّ، وواللهِ ما كان دينٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن دينِكَ، وقَد أصبَحَ دينُكَ أحَبَّ الأديانِ إلَىَّ، وواللهِ ما كان مِن بَلَدٍ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن بَلَدِكَ، وقَد أصبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أحَبَّ البُلدانِ كُلِّها إلَىَّ، وإِن خَيلَكَ أخَذَتنى وأَنا أُريدُ العُمرَةَ فماذا تَرَى؟ فبَشَّرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وأَمَرَه أن يَعتَمِرَ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ قال له رِجالٌ بمَكَّةَ: أصَبَوتَ يا ثُمامَةُ؟! فقالَ: لا واللهِ ما\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى ص ٨، م: \"إذا\".","vol":"18","page":221},{"text":"صَبَوتُ، ولَكِنِّى أسلَمتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وواللهِ لا تأتيكُم حَبَّةُ حِنطَةٍ مِنَ اليَمامَةِ حَتَّى يأذَنَ فيها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: كان إسلامُ ثُمامَةَ بنِ أُثالٍ الحَنَفِىِّ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- دَعا اللهَ حينَ عَرَضَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بما عَرَضَ له أن يُمَكِّنَه اللهُ مِنه -وكانَ عَرَضَ له وهو مُشرِكٌ فأَرادَ قَتلَه- فأَقبَلَ ثُمامَةُ مُعتَمِرًا وهو على شِركِه حَتَّى دَخَلَ المَدينَةَ، فتَحَيَّرَ فيها حَتَّى أُخِذَ وأُتىَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَ به فرُبِطَ إلَى عَمودٍ مِن عُمُدِ المَسجِدِ، فخَرَجَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا ثُمامَ، هَل أمكَنَ اللهُ مِنكَ؟ \". قال: وقَد كان ذَلِكَ يا محمدُ، إن تَقتُلْ تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن تَعفُ تَعفُ عن شاكِرٍ، وإن تَسأَلْ مالًا تُعطَه. فمَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وتَرَكَه، حَتَّى إذا كان الغَدُ مَرَّ به فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا ثُمامَ؟ \". فقالَ: خَيرًا يا محمدُ، إن تَقتُلْ تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن تَعفُ تَعفُ عن شاكِرٍ، وإِن تَسأَلْ مالًا تُعطَه. ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ عنه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال أبو هريرةَ: فجَعَلنا المَساكينَ نَقولُ بَينَنا: ما يَصنَعُ بدَمِ ثُمامَةَ؟ واللهِ لأُكلَةٌ مِن جَزورٍ سَمينَةٍ مِن فِدائِه أحَبُّ إلَينا مِن دَمِ ثُمامَةَ. فلَمّا كان الغَدُ مَرَّ به\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٦٩٦) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به، وتقدم فى (٨٢٠، ٨٢١، ٤٣٨٦،\n١٢٩٦٥، ١٢٩٦٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٤/ ٦٠).","vol":"18","page":222},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا ثُمامَ؟ \". فقالَ: خَيرًا يا محمدُ، إن تَقتُلْ تَقتُلْ ذا دَمٍ، وإِن تَعفُ تَعفُ عن شاكِرٍ، وإِن تَسأَلْ مالًا تُعطَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أطلِقوه، فقَد عَفَوتُ عَنكَ يا ثُمامَ\". فخَرَجَ ثُمامَةُ حَتَّى أتَى حائطًا مِن حيطانِ المَدينَةِ، فاغتَسَلَ فيه وتَطَهَّرَ وطَهَّرَ ثيابَه، ثُمَّ جاءَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو جالِسٌ فى المَسجِدِ فى أصحابِه فقالَ: يا محمدُ، واللهِ لَقَد كُنتَ وما وجهٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن وجهِكَ، ولا دينٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن دينِكَ، ولا بَلَدٌ أبغَضَ إلَىَّ مِن بَلَدِكَ، ثُمَّ لَقَد أصبَحتَ وما وجهٌ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِن وجهِكَ، ولا دينٌ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِن دينِكَ، ولا بَلَدٌ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِن بَلَدِكَ، وإِنِّى أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى كُنتُ قَد خَرَجتُ مُعتَمِرًا وأَنا على دينِ قَومِى فيَسِّرْنى (^١) صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيكَ فى عُمرَتى. فيَسَّرَه (^٢) وعَلَّمَه، فخَرَجَ مُعتَمِرًا، فلَمّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وسَمِعَته قُرَيشٌ يَتَكَلَّمُ بأَمرِ محمدٍ مِنَ الإسلامِ قالوا: صبأَ ثُمامَةُ. فأَغضَبوه فقالَ: إنِّى واللهِ ما صَبَوتُ، ولَكِنِّى أسلَمتُ وصَدَّقتُ محمدًا وآمَنتُ به، وايمُ الَّذِى نَفسُ ثُمامَةَ بيَدِه لا تأتيكُم حَبَّةٌ مِنَ اليَمامَةِ -وكانَت ريفَ مَكَّةَ- ما بَقِيتُ حَتَّى يأذَنَ فيها محمدٌ -ﷺ-. وانصرَفَ إلَى بَلَدِه ومَنَعَ الحَملَ إلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى جُهِدَت قُرَيشٌ، فكَتَبوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَسأَلونَه بأَرحامِهِم أن يَكتُبَ إلَى ثُمامَةَ يُخَلِّى إلَيهِم حَملَ الطَّعامِ، ففَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"فبشرنى\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"فبشره\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٨٠، ٨٩. وأخرجه ابن الأثير فى أسد الغابة ١/ ٢٩٤، ٢٩٥ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.","vol":"18","page":223},{"text":"١٨٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ قال: وأَقبَلَ ثابِتُ بنُ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: هَبْ لى الزَّبِيرَ اليَهودِىَّ أجزيه (^١) بيَدٍ (^٢) كانَت له عِندِى يَومَ بُعاثٍ. فأَعطاه إيّاه، فأَقبَلَ ثابِتٌ حَتَّى أتاه فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ هَل تَعرِفُنى؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، وهَل يُنكِرُ الرَّجُلُ أخاهُ؟ قال ثابِتٌ: أرَدتُ أن أجزيَكَ اليَومَ بيَدٍ لَكَ عِندِى يَومَ بُعاثٍ. قال: فافعَل؛ فإِنَّ الكَريمَ يَجزِى الكَريمَ. قال: قَد فعَلتُ، قَد سألتُكَ (^٣) رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فوَهَبَكَ لى. فأَطلَقَ عنه إسارَه، فقالَ الزَّبِيرُ: لَيسَ لى قائدٌ، وقَد أخَذتُمُ امرأتى وبَنِىَّ. فرَجَعَ ثابِتٌ إلَى الزُّبِيرِ فقالَ: رَدَّ إلَيكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- امرأتَكَ وبَنيكَ. فقالَ الزَّبِيرُ: حائطٌ لى فيه أعذُقٌ، لَيسَ لى ولا لأهلِى عَيشٌ إلَّا بهِ. فرَجَعَ ثابِتٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فوَهَبَه له، فرَجَعَ ثابِتٌ إلَى الزَّبِيرِ فقالَ: قَد رَدَّ إلَيكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أهلَكَ ومالَكَ فأَسلِمْ تَسلَمْ. قال: ما فعَلَ الجَليسانِ؟ وذَكَرَ رِجالَ قَومِه. قال ثابِتٌ: قَد قُتِلوا وفُرِغَ مِنهُم، ولَعَلَّ اللهَ ﵎ أن يَكونَ أبقاكَ لخَيرٍ. قال الزَّبِيرُ: أسأَلُكَ باللهِ يا ثابِتُ وبيَدِى الخَضيمِ (^٤) عِندَكَ يَومَ بُعاثٍ إلَّا ألحَقتَنى بهِم؛ فلَيسَ فى العَيشِ خَيرٌ بَعدَهُم.\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أجريه\".\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"فقد\". وفى حاشيتها: \"لعله: بيد\"، وكتب فوقها: \"وهو الصواب\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"سألت\"، وبعده فى ص ٨: \"من\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الخصيم\"، وضبب عليها فى الأصل.","vol":"18","page":224},{"text":"فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ ثابِتٌ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَ بالزَّبِيرِ فقُتِلَ (^١).\nوذَكَرَه أيضًا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وذَكَرَ أنَّه الزَّبيرُ بنُ باطا القُرَظىُّ (^٢).\nوذَكَرَه أيضًا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، وذَكَرَ أنَّه كان يَومَئذٍ كَبيرًا أعمَى (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال لأُسارَى بَدرٍ: \"لَو كان مُطعِمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ حَيًّا فكَلَّمَنِى فى هَؤُلاءِ النَّتنَى لَخَلَّيتُهُم له\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ البخارىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عَن أنَسٍ، أن ثَمانينَ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطوا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَصحابِه مِن جَبَلِ التَّنعيمِ عِندَ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ، فأَخَذَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فعَفا عَنهُم. قال: ونَزَلَ القُرآنُ: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢.\n(^٢) ابن إسحاق - كما فى سيرة ابن هشام ٤/ ٢٠٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٩ - ٢٣.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٢٩٦٧، ١٢٩٦٨).\n(^٥) البخارى (٣١٣٩).","vol":"18","page":225},{"text":"كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ (^١) [الفتح: ٢٤]. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ ابنِ هارون عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٨٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَزَلَ مَنزِلًا وتَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ فى العِضاهِ يَستَظِلّونَ تَحتَها، فعَلَّقَ النّاسُ سِلاحَهُم فى شَجَرِهِ، فجاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى سَيفِه فأَخَذَه فسَلَّه، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: مَن يَمنَعُكَ مِنِّى؟ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"اللهُ\". فشامَ (^٣) الأعرابِىُّ السَّيفَ، فدَعا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أصحابَه وأَخبَرَهُم بصَنيعِ الأعرابِىِّ وهو جالِسٌ إلَى جَنبِه لَم يُعاقِبْه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ (^٦)، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٩٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٥١٠) من طريق عفان به، وتقدم فى (١٢٩٦٢) من طريق حماد.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٠٨/ ١٣٣).\n(^٣) شام السيف: أغمده. وبمعنى: سَلَّه. والمراد هنا الأول. ينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٠٨٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وليس فى المصادر تعليق الناس سلاحهم، وإنما فيها تعليق النبى -ﷺ- سيفه بالشجرة. وتقدم فى (١٢٩٦٤) من طريق الزهرى.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤١٣٩)، ومسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٦ (٨٤٣/ ١٣).\n(^٦) بعده فى س، ص ٨: \"الرمادى\".","vol":"18","page":226},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن جابِرٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه. قال مَعمَرٌ: وكانَ قَتادَةُ يَذكُرُ نَحوَ هذا، ويَذكُرُ أن قَومًا مِنَ العَرَبِ أرادوا أن يَفتِكوا بالنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأَرسَلوا هذا الأعرابِىَّ، ويَتلو ﴿اذْكُرُوا (^١) نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ﴾ الآيَة (^٢) [المائدة: ١١].\nوأَمّا المُفاداةُ بالنَّفسِ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ بنِ واقِدٍ الكِلابِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: كانَت ثَقيفُ حُلَفاءَ لِبَنِى عُقَيلٍ، فأَسَرَت ثَقيفُ رَجُلَينِ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وأَسَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا وأَصابوا مَعَه العَضباءَ، فأَتَى عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو فى الوَثاقِ فقالَ: يا محمدُ يا محمدُ. فأَتاه -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: بمَ أخَذتَنِى؟ وبِمَ أخَذتَ سابِقَ الحاجِّ؟ فقالَ إعظامًا لِذاكَ: \"أُخِذتَ بجَريرَةِ حُلَفائِكَ ثَقيفَ\". ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ عنه، فناداه فقالَ: يا محمدُ يا محمدُ. قالَ: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَحيمًا رَقيقًا، فرَجَعَ إلَيه فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: إنِّى مُسلِمٌ.\n_________\n(^١) فى النسخ: \"واذكروا\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٧٤.","vol":"18","page":227},{"text":"قال: \"لَو قُلتَها وأَنتَ تَملِكُ أمرَكَ أفلَحتَ كُلَّ الفَلاحِ\". ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ عنه، فناداه: يا محمدُ يا محمدُ. فأَتاه فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: إنِّى جائعٌ فأَطعِمْنِى، وظَمآنُ فاسقِنِى. قال: \"هذه حاجَتُكَ\". قال: ففُدِىَ بالرَّجُلَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن عَمِّه، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فدَى رَجُلَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وأَعطَى رَجُلًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ. قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى أخَذَ رَجُلَينِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وأَعطَى رَجُلًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ (^٣).\nوأَمّا المُفاداةُ بالمالِ ففيما:\n\n١٨٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن أبى زُمَيلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -قال: وكانَ أكثَرُ حَديثِه عن عُمَرَ- قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ بَدرٍ قال: \"ما تَرَونَ فى هَؤُلاءِ الأُسارَى؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٢٧)، وأبو داود فى رواية ابن العبد - كما فى تحفة الأشراف ٨/ ٢٠٢ من طريق ابن علية به. وتقدم فى (١٢٩٧٢)، وسيأتى فى (١٨١٢٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤١/ ٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٦٨) عن ابن أبى عمر به.","vol":"18","page":228},{"text":"بَنو العَمِّ والعَشيرَةِ والإخوانُ، غَيرَ أنّا نأخُذُ مِنهُمُ الفِداءَ ليَكونَ لَنا قوَّةً على المُشرِكينَ، وعَسَى اللهُ ﷿ أن يَهديَهُم إلَى الإسلامِ ويَكونوا لَنا عَضُدًا. قال: \"فماذا تَرَى يا ابنَ الخَطّابِ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، ما أرَى الَّذِى رأى أبو بكرٍ، ولَكِن هَؤُلاءِ أئمَّةُ الكُفرِ وصَناديدُهُم، فقَرِّبْهُم فاضرِبْ أعناقَهُم. قال: فهَوِىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما قال أبو بكرٍ ولَم يَهوَ ما قُلتُ أنا، فأَخَذَ مِنهُمُ الفِداءَ، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وإِذا هو وأبو بكرٍ قاعِدانِ يَبكيانِ، فقُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، أخبِرْنى مِن أىِّ شَئٍ تَبكِى أنتَ وصاحِبُكَ، فإِن وجَدتُ بُكاءً بَكَيتُ وإِلَّا تَباكَيتُ لِبُكائِكُما. قال: \"الَّذِى عَرَضَ علىَّ أصحابُكَ، لَقَد عُرِضَ علىَّ عَذابُكُم أدنَى مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ\". وشَجَرَةٌ قَريبَةٌ حينَئذٍ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ﴾ الآية (^١) [الأنفال: ٦٧]. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ، زادَ: إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٩] فأَحَلَّ اللهُ الغَنيمَةَ لَهُم (^٢). وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ القَسمِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ البُرُلُّسِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه يعقوب بن شيبة فى مسند عمر ص ٥٧، ٥٨ من طريق أبى حذيفة النهدى -موسى بن مسعود- به، وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٢٩٧٣). وسيأتى فى (٢٠٣٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٣/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٩٧٣).","vol":"18","page":229},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ\nابنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا أزهَرُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى الأُسارَى يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"إن شِئتُم قَتَلتُموهُم، وإِن شِئتُم فادَيتُموهُم واستَمتَعتُم بالفِداءِ، واستُشهِدَ مِنكُم بعِدَّتِهِم\". قال: وكانَ آخِرُ السَّبعينَ ثابِتَ بنَ قَيسٍ؛ قُتِلَ يَومَ اليَمامَةِ. زادَ البُرُلُّسِىُّ فى رِوايَتِه: قال ابنُ عَرعَرَةَ: رَدَدتُ هذا على أزهَرَ، فأَبَى إلَّا أن يَقولَ: عَبيدَةُ عن علىٍّ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ وأَحمَدُ بنُ المِقدامِ قالا: حدثنا أبو بَحرٍ البَكراوِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو العَنبَسِ، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: جَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى فِداءِ الأُسارَى أهلِ الجاهِليَّةِ أربَعَمِائَةٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ فى قِصَّةِ بَدرٍ قال: وكانَ فى الأُسارَى أبو وَداعَةَ السَّهمِىُّ، فقَدِمَ ابنُه المُطَّلِبُ المَدينَةَ، فأَخَذَ أباه بأَربَعَةِ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ فانطلَقَ به، ثُمَّ بَعَثَت قُرَيشٌ فى فِداءِ الأُسارَى، فقَدِمَ مِكرَزُ بنُ حَفصٍ فى فِداءِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو فقالَ: اجعَلوا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ١٣٩. وتقدم فى (١٢٩٧٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن عرعرة دون زيادة البرلسى.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤٠. وتقدم فى (١٢٩٧٦) من طريق شعبة.","vol":"18","page":230},{"text":"رِجلِى مَكانَ رِجلِه وخَلُّوا سَبيلَه حَتَّى يَبعَثَ إلَيكُم بفِدائِه. فخَلَّوا سَبيلَ سُهَيلٍ وحَبَسوا مِكرَزًا. قال: ففَدَى كُلُّ قَومٍ أسيرَهُم بما رَضُوا. قال: وكانَ أكثَرُ الأُسارَى يَومَ بَدرٍ فِداءً العباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ؛ وذَلِكَ لأنَّه كان رَجُلًا موسِرًا، فافتَدَى نَفسَه بمِائَةِ أوقيَّةِ ذَهَبٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا القَبّانىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ وصالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّازِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: وقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ: حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أن رِجالًا مِنَ الأنصارِ استأذَنوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: ائذَنْ لَنا فلنَترُكْ لابنِ أُختِنا العباسِ فِداءَه. فقالَ: \"واللهِ لا تَذَرونَ دِرهَمًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُنذِرِ (^٣).\nوسائرُ الأحاديثِ فى هذا البابِ قَد مَضَت فى كِتابِ القَسْمِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3801>بابُ قَتلِ المُشرِكينِ بَعدَ الإسارِ بضَربِ الأعناقِ دونَ المُثلَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ١٤١ مقتصرًا على آخره، وابن إسحاق - كما فى سيرة ابن هشام ٣/ ١٩٩، ٢٠٠ دون ذكر العباس.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤. وتقدم فى (١٢٢٧٨، ١٢٩٧٨) من طريق موسى بن عقبة.\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٠١٨).\n(^٤) ينظر (١٢٩٦٢ - ١٢٩٨٦).","vol":"18","page":231},{"text":"أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى الأشعَثِ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: ثِنتانِ حَفِظتُهُما عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ الإحسانَ على كُلِّ شَئٍ، فإِذا قَتَلتُم فأَحسِنوا القِتلَةَ، وإِذا ذَبَحتُم فأَحسِنوا الذَّبحَ، وليُحِدَّ أحَدُكُم شَفرَتَه، وليُرِحْ ذَبيحَتَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن المُثلَةِ والنُّهبَى (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ وغَيرِه عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِىِّ، عن أبيه بُرَيدَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١١٣)، والنسائى (٤٤١٧) من طريق ابن علية به. وتقدم فى (١٦١٦٩) من طريق شعبة، وسيأتى فى (١٩١٦٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٥/ ٥٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١١٦٠٩، ١٢٩٨٩، ١٤٧٩٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٤٧٤، ٥٥١٦).","vol":"18","page":232},{"text":"جَيشٍ أو سَريَّةٍ أمَرَه فى خاصَّةِ نَفسِه بتَقوَى اللهِ ومَن مَعَه مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ خَيرًا، ثُمَّ قال: \"اغزُوا باسمِ اللهِ، فقاتِلوا فى سَبيلِ اللهِ، وقاتِلوا مَن كَفَرَ باللهِ، اغزُوا ولا تَغُلّوا ولا تَغدِروا، ولا تُمَثِّلوا ولا تَقتُلوا وليدًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن هَيّاجِ بنِ عِمرانَ البُرجُمِىِّ، أن غلامًا (^٣) لأبيه أبَقَ، فجَعَلَ للهِ عَلَيه إن قَدَرَ عَلَيه لَيَقطَعَنَّ يَدَه، فلَمّا قَدَرَ عَلَيه بَعَثَنِى إلَى عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ فسألتُه، فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَحُثُّ فى خُطبَتِه على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثلَةِ. قال: وبَعَثَنِى إلَى سَمُرَةَ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَحُثُّ على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثلَةِ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فإِن قال قائلٌ: قَد قَطَعَ أيدِىَ الَّذينَ استاقوا لِقاحَه وأَرجُلَهُم وسَمَلَ أعيُنَهُم. فإِنَّ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ ورَجُلًا رَوَيَا هذا عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٠٧، ٢٢١ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح أبى صالح به.\nوأبو عوانة (٦٤٩٧) من طريق الليث به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٨٠) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم فى (١٧٨٢٢، ١٨٠٠٧)، وسيأتى فى (١٨٢٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٤).\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"عاملا\". وفى الحاشية: \"لعله: غلاما\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٤٦) من طريق عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٦٦٧) من طريق قتادة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٢٢).","vol":"18","page":233},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ رَوَيَا فيه -أو أحَدُهُما- أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لَم يَخطُبْ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ خُطبَةً إلَّا أمَرَ بالصَّدَقَةِ ونَهَى عن المُثلَةِ (^١).\nقالَ الشيخُ ﵀: رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وأَنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، وهَذِه الزّيادَةُ فى حَديثِ أنَسٍ:\n\n١٨١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ ابنِ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ وحُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن ناسًا مِن عُرَينَةَ قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ فاجتَوَوها، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن شِئتُم أن تَخرُجوا إلَى إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ فتَشرَبوا مِن ألبانِها وأَبوالِها\". ففَعَلوا فصَحُّوا، ثُمَّ مالُوا على الرِّعاءَ فقَتَلوهُم وارتَدّوا عن الإسلامِ، واستاقوا ذَودَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ فى إثرِهِم فأُتى بهِم، فقَطَعَ أيديَهُم وأَرجُلَهُم وسَمَلَ أعيُنَهُم، وتَرَكَهُم فى الحَرَّةِ حَتَّى ماتوا. لَفظُ حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ عن حُمَيدٍ قال: لا أحفَظُ: \"اشرَبوا أبوالَها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٧٨، ٣٥٠٣) من طريق عبد الوهاب به، وليس فيه قول حميد. وأحمد (١٢٠٤٢)، والنسائى (٤٠٤٠ - ٤٠٤٣)، وابن حبان (٤٤٧١) من طرق عن حميد به.","vol":"18","page":234},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٨١٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبانٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعنَى حَديثِ حُمَيدٍ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: نَفَرٌ مِن عُكْلٍ. قال: فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن المُثلَةِ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن هِشامٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ بهَذا الحديثِ، زادَ: ثُمَّ نَهَى عن المُثلَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٨١٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رَهطًا مِن عُكْلٍ وعُرَينَةَ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ، قال قَتادَةُ: بَلَغَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَحُثُّ فى خُطبَتِه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثلَةِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٧١/ ٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٦٨)، والبخارى (١٥٠١)، وابن حبان (١٣٨٨) من طرق عن قتادة به، وسيأتى فى (١٩٧٠٥، ١٩٧٠٦).\n(^٣) بعده فى ص ٨، م: \"بعد ذلك\". والحديث عند أبى داود (٤٣٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٨١٩) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٤٣) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. والبخارى (٤١٩٢)، ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ١٣)، والنسائى (٣٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (١١٥)، وابن حبان (٤٤٧٢) من طرق عن سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.","vol":"18","page":235},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وكانَ عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ يُنكِرُ حَديثَ أنَسٍ في أصحابِ اللِّقاحِ (^١).\n\n١٨١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: لا واللهِ ما سَمَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَينًا، ولا زادَ أهلَ اللِّقاحِ على قَطعِ أيديهم وأَرجُلِهم (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: حَديثُ أنَسٍ حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ صحيحٌ، ومَعَه رِوايَةُ ابنِ عُمَرَ، وفيهِما جَميعًا أنَّه سَمَلَ أعيُنَهُم، فلا مَعنَى لإِنكارِ مَن أنكَرَ، فالأحسَنُ حَملُه على النَّسخِ كما:\n\n١٨١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رَهطًا مِن عُرَينَةَ قَدِموا على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال قَتادَةُ: وحَدَّثَنِي ابنُ سيرينَ أن هذا قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الحُدودُ (^٣).\nوفِي رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ عن قَتادَةَ ما دَلَّ على هذا.\nأو حَملُه على أنَّه فعَلَ بهِم ما فعَلوا بالرِّعاءِ، والَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَيه ما:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٧٥)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٨٦) عن عفان به. والبخاري (٩٦٨٦)، ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ١٣)، وأبو داود (٤٣٧١) من طريق همام به، وينظر ما تقدم في (١٧٣٨٧)، وسيأتي في (١٩٧٠٦).","vol":"18","page":236},{"text":"١٨١٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ يَعنِي ابنَ إبراهيمَ المَروَزِيَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ غَيلانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ وأبو العباسِ السَّرّاجُ قالا: حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ سَهلٍ الأعرَجُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ غَيلانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- إنَّما سَمَلَ أعيُنَ أولَئكَ لأنَّهُم سَمَلوا أعيُنَ الرُّعاةِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الأعرَجِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ المَروَزِيِّ: إنَّما سَمَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعيُنَهُم لأنَّهُم سَمَلوا أعيُنَ الرُّعاةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ سَهلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٠٩ - وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الرُّصافِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ القُرَشِيُّ، عن جَدِّه الحَسَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ مُخارِقٍ، عن داودَ ابنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- إنَّما مَثَّلَ بهِم لأنَّهُم مَثَّلوا بالرّاعِي (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3802>بابُ المَنعِ مِن صَبِر الكافِرِ بَعدَ الإسارِ بأَن يُتَّخَذَ غَرَضًا</span>\n\n١٨١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٧٦). وأخرجه الترمذي (٧٣)، والنسائي (٤٠٥٤) عن الفضل بن سهل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٧١/ ١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني في أطراف الغرائب والأفراد ٢/ ٨٦ من طريق حصين به.","vol":"18","page":237},{"text":"أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطِيُّ بها، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَتَّخِذوا شَيئًا فيه الرّوحُ غَرَضًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ، وذَكَرَه البُخارِيُّ (^٢).\nورَواه المِنهالُ بنُ عمرٍو عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ كما:\n\n١٨١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا المِنهالُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- خَرَجَ في طَريقٍ مِن طُرُقِ المَدينَةِ فرأى غِلمانًا قَد نَصَبوا دَجاجَةً يَرمونَها، فلَمّا رأَوه فرّوا، فغَضِبَ وقالَ: مَن فعَلَ هذا؟ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد لَعَنَ مَن مَثَّلَ بالحَيَوانِ (^٣). ذَكَرَه البخاريُّ في الشَّواهِدِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو بشر عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ:\n\n١٨١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثنا هُشَيمُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: مَرَّ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- بفِتيانٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ وقَد نَصَبوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٣٢)، والنسائي (٤٤٥٥)، وابن حبان (٥٦٠٨) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٧/ ٥٨)، والبخاري تعليقًا عقب (٥٥١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣١٣٣)، والنسائي (٤٤٥٤)، وابن حبان (٥٦١٧) من طرق عن شعبة به، وسيأتي في (١٨١٨٨).\n(^٤) البخاري تعليقًا (٥٥١٥).","vol":"18","page":238},{"text":"طَيرًا وهُم يَرمونَه، وقَد جَعَلوا لِصاحِبِ الطَّيرِ كُلَّ خاطِئَةٍ مِن نَبلِهِم، فلَمّا رأوُا ابنَ عُمَرَ تَفَرَّقوا، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: مَن فعَلَ هذا؟ لَعَنَ اللهُ مَن فعَلَ هذا، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَعَنَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ شَيئًا فيه الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبي عَوانَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدّرابَجِرْدِيُّ (^٤)، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ تِعلَى (^٥)، عن أبي أيّوبَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن صبرِ الدّابَّةِ. قال أبو أيّوبَ: لَو كانَت دَجاجَةً ما صبَرتُها (^٦).\n\n١٨١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهبيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن بُكَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٥٦٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٥٨٧)، والنسائي (٤٤٥٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٨) عقب (٥٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥١٥)، ومسلم (١٩٥٨/ ٥٩).\n(^٤) في م: \"الداربجردي\".\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يعلى\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٤٣٧، وتبصير المنتبه ٤/ ١٤٩٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٨٩)، والدارمي (٢٠١٧) من طريق أبي عاصم به.","vol":"18","page":239},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن أبيه، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ تِعلَى (^١)، عن أبي أيّوبَ قال: أدرَبنا (^٢) مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ وهو أميرُ النّاسِ يَومَئذٍ على الدُّروبِ. قال: فنَزَلنا مَنزِلَنا مِن أرضِ الرّومِ فأَقَمنا به. قال: وكانَ أبو أيّوبَ قَدِ اتَّخَذَ مَسجِدًا، فكُنّا نَروحُ ونَجلِسُ إلَيه، ويُصَلِّى لَنا، ونَستَمعُ مِن حَديثِه. قال: فواللهِ إنّا لَعَشيَّةً مَعَه إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أُتِيَ الآنَ الأميرُ بأَربَعَةِ أعلاجٍ مِنَ الرّومِ، فأَمَرَ بهِم أن يُصبَروا، فرُمُوا بالنَّبلِ حَتَّى قُتِلوا. فقامَ أبو أيّوبَ فزِعًا حَتَّى جاءَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ خالِدٍ فقالَ: أصَبَرتَهُم؟! لَقَد سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنهَى عن صَبرِ الدّابَّةِ، وما أُحِبُّ أن لِي كَذا وكَذا وأنِّي صَبَرتُ دَجاجَةً. قال: فدَعا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خالِدٍ بغِلمانٍ له أربَعَةٍ فأَعتَقَهُم مَكانَهُم (^٣). قال أبو زُرعَةَ: عُبَيدُ بنُ تِعلَى (١) مِن أهلِ فِلَسطينَ مَنزِلُه عَسقَلانُ.\nورَواه أيضًا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ عن بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى وزيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"يعلى\".\n(^٢) أدربنا: أي دخلنا الدرب، وكل مدخل إلى الروم درب. النهاية ٢/ ١١١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٨٢ من طريق خالد الوهبي به. والطبراني (٤٠٠٣) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٩٠)، وأبو داود (٢٦٨٧) من طريق عمرو بن الحارث عن بكير عن عبيد بن تعلى. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٧٦).","vol":"18","page":240},{"text":"أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن شِبَاكٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هُنَيِّ بنِ نُوَيرَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعَفُّ النّاسِ قِتلَةً أهلُ الإيمانِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3803>بابُ المَنعِ مِن إحراقِ المُشرِكينَ بالنّارِ بَعدَ الإسارِ</span>\n\n١٨١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: رأيتُ عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ وأَيّوبَ وعَمّارًا الدُّهنِيَّ اجتَمَعوا، فتَذاكَروا الَّذينَ حَرَّقَهُم عليٌّ، فحَدَّثَ أيّوبُ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه بَلَغَه قال: لَو كُنتُ أنا ما حَرَّقتُهُم لِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُعَذِّبوا بعَذابِ اللهِ\". ولَقَتَلتُهُم لِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن بَدَّلَ دينَه فاقتُلوه\". فقالَ عَمّارٌ: لَم يُحَرِّقْهُم، ولَكِن حَفَرَ لَهُم حَفائرَ وخَرَقَ بَعضَها إلَى بَعضٍ، ثُمَّ دَخَّنَ عَلَيهِم حَتَّى ماتوا. فقالَ عمرٌو: قال الشّاعِرُ:\nلِتَرمِ بيَ المَنايا حَيثُ شاءَت ... إذا لَم تَرمِ بي في الحُفرَتَينِ\nإذا ما أجَّجوا حَطَبًا ونارًا ... هُناكَ المَوتُ نَقدًا غَيرَ دَينِ (^٢)\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ دونَ قَولِ عَمّارٍ وعَمرٍو (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٦٦). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٩٧٣)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٨٣ من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم في (١٦١٧٠) من طريق إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٩٠٢، ١٦٩٤٢، ١٦٩٤٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠١٧)، وتقدم في (١٦٩٠٢).","vol":"18","page":241},{"text":"١٨١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ الإيَادِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ النَّصيبِيُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن بُكَيرٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بن يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في بَعثٍ وقالَ: \"إن وجَدتُم فُلانًا وفُلانًا -لِرَجُلَينِ مِن قُرَيشٍ- فأَحرِقوهُما بالنّارِ\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ أرَدنا الخُروجَ: \"إنِّي كُنتُ أمَرتُكُم أن تُحْرِقوا فُلانًا وفُلانًا بالنّارِ، وإِنَّ النّارَ لا يُعَذِّبُ بها إلَّا اللهُ، فإِن وجَدتُموهُما فاقتُلوهُما\" (^١). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أن زيادَ بنَ سَعدٍ أخبَرَه أن أبا الزِّنادِ أخبَرَه أن حَنظَلَةَ بنَ عليٍّ أخبَرَه، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الأسلَمِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ رَجُلًا فقالَ: \"إن أصَبتَ فُلانًا أو فُلانًا فأَحرِقوه بالنّارِ\". فلَمّا ولَّى دَعاه فقالَ: \"إنَّه لا يُعَذِّبُ بالنّارِ إلَّا رَبُّها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٠٦٨) عن أبي النضر هاشم بن القاسم به. وأبو داود (٢٦٧٤)، والترمذي (١٥٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٣) عن قتيبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٠٣٥) من طريق ابن جريج به مطولًا.","vol":"18","page":242},{"text":"ورَواه مُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي الزِّنادِ كما:\n\n١٨١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الحِزامِيُّ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ قال: وحَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ حَمزَةَ الأسلَمِيُّ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَّرَه على سَريَّةٍ، قال: فخَرَجتُ فيها، وقالَ: \"إن وجَدتُم فُلانًا فأَحرِقوه بالنّارِ\". فوَلَّيتُ، فنادانِي فرَجَعتُ إلَيه فقالَ: \"إن وجَدتُم فُلانًا فاقتُلوه ولا تُحْرِقوه؛ فإنَّه لا يُعَذِّبُ بالنّارِ إلَّا رَبُّ النّارِ\" (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، حَيثُ أمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُحَرِّقَ على أُبنَى (^٢)، وما رُوِيَ في نَصبِ المَنجَنيقِ على الطّائفِ (^٣)، فغَيرُ مُخالِفٍ لِما قُلنا، إنَّما هو في قِتالِ المُشرِكينَ ما كانوا مُمتَنِعينَ، وما رُوِيَ مِنَ النَّهيِ في المُشرِكينَ إذا كانوا مأسورينَ، وشَبَّهَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ برَميِ الصَّيدِ ما دامَ على الامتِناعِ، ثُمَّ النَّهيِ عن رَميِ الدَّجاجَةِ التى لَيسَتَ بمُمتَنِعَةٍ، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3804>بابُ جَرَيانِ الرِّقِّ على الأسيرِ وإِن أسلَمَ إذا كان إسلامُه بَعدَ الأسْرِ</span>\n\n١٨١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٧٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٤٣) ومن طريقه أحمد (١٦٠٣٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٢٧).\n(^٢) أُبْنَى: موضع بالشام من جهة البلقاء. معجم البلدان ١/ ٧٩. وسيأتي الحديث في (١٨١٧٠).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٨١٧٥، ١٨١٧٦).","vol":"18","page":243},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: أسَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي عُقَيلٍ فأَوثَقوه فطَرَحوه في الحَرَّةِ، فمَرَّ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ مَعَه -أو قال: أتَى عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-- على حِمارٍ وتَحتَه قَطيفَةٌ، فناداه: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. فأَتاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". قال: فيمَ أُخِذتُ؟ وفيمَ أُخِذَت سابِقَةُ الحاجِّ؟ قال: \"أُخِذتَ بجَريرَةِ حُلَفائِكُم ثَقيفَ\". وكانَت ثَقيفُ قَد أسَرَت رَجُلَينِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فتَرَكَه ومَضَى، فناداه: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. فرَحِمَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فرَجَعَ إلَيه فقالَ: \"ما شأنُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: إنَّه مُسلِمٌ. قال: \"لَو قُلتَها وأَنتَ تَملِكُ أمرَكَ أفلَحتَ كُلَّ الفَلاحِ\". قال: فتَرَكَه ومَضَى، فناداه: يا محمدُ، يا محمدُ. فرَجَعَ إلَيه فقالَ: إنِّي جائعٌ فأَطعِمْنِي. قال: وأَحسِبُه قال: وإِنِّي عَطشانُ فاسقِنِي. قال: \"هذه حاجَتُكَ\". قال: ففَداه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالرَّجُلَينِ اللَّذَينِ أسَرَتهُما ثَقيفُ، وأَخَذَ ناقَتَه تِلكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3805>بابُ مَن يَجرِي عَلَيه الرِّقُّ</span>\n\n١٨١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: قَد سَبَى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٩٧٢، ١٨٠٩١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤١/ عقب ٨).","vol":"18","page":244},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وهَوازِنَ وقَبائلَ مِنَ العَرَبِ، وأَجرَى عَلَيهِمُ الرِّقَّ حَتَّى مَنَّ عَلَيهِم بَعدُ، فاختَلَفَ أهلُ العِلمِ بالمَغازِي، فزَعَمَ بَعضُهُم أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- لَمّا أطلَقَ سَبيَ هَوازِنَ قال: \"لَو كان تامًّا (^١) على أحَدٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ سَبيٌ لَتَمَّ على هَؤُلاءِ، ولَكِنَّه إسارٌ وفِداءٌ\". قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فمَن ثبَّتَ هذا الحديثَ زَعَمَ أن الرِّقَّ لا يَجرِي على عَرَبِيٍّ بحالٍ، وهَذا قَولُ الزُّهرِيِّ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والشَّعبِيِّ، ويُروَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٢٢ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى الغَسّانِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ قال: لا يُستَرَقُّ عَرَبِيٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٨١٢٣ - قال: وأُخبِرنا عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال في المَولَى يَنكِحُ الأمَةَ: يُستَرَقُّ ولَدُه. وفِي العَربِيِّ يَنكِحُ الأمَةَ: لا يُستَرَقُّ ولَدُه، عَلَيه قيمَتُهُم (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ومَن لَم يُثَبِّتِ الحديثَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ذَهَبَ إلَى أن العَرَبَ والعَجَمَ سَواءٌ، وأنَّه يَجرِى عَلَيهِمُ الرِّقُّ حَيثُ جَرَى على العَجَمِ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nقال الرَّبيعُ: وبِه يأخُذُ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"تام\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٨٠)، والأم ٤/ ٢٧١، ٢٧٢.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٤/ ٢٧٢.\n(^٤) الشافعي ٤/ ٢٧٢. وفيه: وأخبرنا ابن أبي ذئب.\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٢.","vol":"18","page":245},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فإِنَّما ذَكَرَها الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِيُّ، عن موسَى بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ ابنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، عن السَّلولِيِّ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ حُنَينٍ: \"لَو كان ثابِتًا على أحَدٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ سِباءٌ بَعدَ اليَومِ لَثَبَتَ على هَؤُلاءِ، ولَكِن إنَّما هو إسارٌ وفِداءٌ\". وهَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِهِ.\nوأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ:\n\n١٨١٢٤ - فأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: لَمّا قامَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قال: لَيسَ على عَرَبِيٍّ مِلكٌ، ولَسنا بنازِعِى مِن يَدِ رَجُلٍ شَيئًا أسلَمَ عَلَيه، ولَكِنّا نُقَوِّمُهُم؛ المِلَّةَ (^١) خَمسًا مِنَ الإبِلِ (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يقولُ: هذا الَّذِي في يَدِه السَّبيُ لا نَنزِعُه مِن يَدِه بلا عِوَضٍ؛ لأنَّه أسلَمَ عَلَيه، ولا نَترُكُه مَملوكًا وهو مِنَ العَرَبِ. ولَكِنَّه قَوَّمَ قيمَتَه خَمسًا مِنَ الإبِلِ لِلَّذِي سَباه، ويَرجِعُ إلَى نَسَبِه عَرَبيًّا كما كانَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذِه الروايَةُ مُنقَطِعَةٌ عن عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الملة: الدية، والله أعلم\". وهي كذلك في غريب الحديث للخطابي ٢/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٤١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣١٦٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٧٠)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٥٥) عن أبي بكر ابن عياش به.","vol":"18","page":246},{"text":"عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ هو الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: أخبرَنِي سعيدُ بنُ المسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فرَضَ في كُلِّ سَبىٍ فُدِيَ مِنَ العَرَبِ سِتَّةَ فرائضَ (^١)، وأنَّه كان يَقضِي بذَلِكَ فيمَن تَزَوَّجَ الوَلائدَ مِنَ العَرَبِ (^٢). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ إلَّا أنَّه جَيِّدٌ.\n\n١٨١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أبَقَت أمَةٌ لِبَعضِ العَرَبِ فوَقَعَت بوادِي القُرَى، فانتَهَت إلَى الحَيِّ الَّذينَ أبَقَت مِنهُم، فتَزَوَّجَها رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي عُذرَةَ، فنَثَرَت له بَطنَها، ثُمَّ عَثَرَ عَلَيها سَيِّدُها فاستاقَها ووَلَدَها، فقَضَى عُمَرُ لِلعُذرِيِّ -يَعنِي قَضَى له بوَلَدِه- وقَضى عَلَيه بالغُرَّةِ (^٣)؛ لِكُلِّ وصيفٍ وصيفٌ، ولِكُلِّ وصيفَةٍ وصيفَةٌ (^٤)، وجَعَلَ ثَمَنَ الغُرَّةِ إذا لَم توجَدْ على أهلِ القُرَى سِتّينَ دينارًا أو سَبعَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ الباديَةِ سِتَّ فرائضَ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا ورَدَ في وطءِ الشُّبهَةِ، فيَكونُ الوَلَدُ حُرًّا، وعَلَيه قيمَتُه\n_________\n(^١) الفرائض: الإبل. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١٤١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٩٣.\n(^٣) الغرة: العبد أو الأمة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٣١.\n(^٤) الوصيف: العبد، والوصيفة: الأمة. تاج العروس ٢٤/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٤/ ٦٥.","vol":"18","page":247},{"text":"لِصاحِبِ الجاريَةِ، وكأنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ رأى القيمَةَ بما نُقِلَ في هذا الأثَرِ إن ثَبَتَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nوجَرَيانُ الرِّقِّ على سَبايا بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وهَوازِنَ صَحيحٌ ثابِتٌ، والمَنُّ عَلَيهِم بإِطلاقِ السَّبايا تَفَضُّلٌ، وذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فيما:\n\n١٨١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن محمدِ ابنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ قال: دَخَلتُ المَسجِدَ فرأيتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ، فجَلَستُ إلَيه فسألتُه عن العَزلِ، فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في غَزوَةِ بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ، فأَصَبنا سَبايا مِن سَبيِ العَرَبِ، فاشتَهَينا النِّساءَ واشتَدَّت عَلَينا العُزبَةُ وأَحبَبنا الفِداءَ، فأَرَدنا أن نَعزِلَ ثُمَّ قُلنا: نَعزِلُ ورسولُ الله -ﷺ- بَينَ أظهُرِنا قبلَ أن نَسأَلَه عن ذَلِكَ؟! فسألناه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"ما عَلَيكُم ألَّا تَفعَلوا؛ ما مِن نَسَمَةٍ كائنَةٍ إلَى يَومِ القيامَة إلَّا وهِيَ كائنَةٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لَمّا قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَبايا بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وقَعَت جوَيريَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ في السَّهمِ لِثابِتِ بنِ قيسِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٧٢)، وتقدم في (١٤٤٢٣، ١٤٤٢٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥٤٢)، وتقدم في (١٤٤٢٣).","vol":"18","page":248},{"text":"شَمّاسٍ أو لابنِ عَمٍّ له، فكاتَبَته على نَفسِها، وكانَتِ امرأةً حُلوَةً مُلاحَةً (^١)، لا يَراها أحَدٌ إلَّا أخَذَت بنَفسِه، فأَتَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- تَستَعينُه في كِتابَتِها. قالَت عائشَةُ: فواللهِ ما هو إلَّا أن رأيتُها فكَرِهتُها، وقُلتُ: سَيَرَى مِنها مِثلَما رأيتُ، فلَمّا دَخَلَت على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنا جوَيريَةُ بنتُ الحارِثِ سَيِّدِ قَومِه، وقَد أصابَنِي مِنَ البَلاءِ ما لَم يَخفَ عَلَيكَ، وقَد كاتَبتُ على نَفسِي فأَعِنِّي على كِتابَتَي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَ خَيرٌ مِن ذَلِكِ؛ أُؤَدِّى عَنكِ كِتابَتَكِ وأَتَزَوَّجُكِ\". فقالَت: نَعَم. ففَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فبَلَغَ النّاسَ أنَّه قَد تَزَوَّجَها، فقالوا: أصهارُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأَرسَلوا ما كان في أيديهِم مِن بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ، فلَقَد أُعتِقَ بها مِائَةُ أهلِ بَيتٍ مِن بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ، فما أعلمُ امرأةً أعظَمَ بَرَكَةً مِنها على قَومِها مِنها (^٢).\n\n١٨١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بحُنَينٍ، فلَمّا أصابَ مِن هَوازِنَ ما أصابَ مِن أموالِهِم وسَباياهُم أدرَكَه وفدُ هَوازِنَ بالجِعرانَةِ وقَد أسلَموا، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَنا (^٣) أصلٌ وعَشيرَةٌ، وقَد أصابَنا مِنَ البَلاءِ ما لَم يَخْفَ عَلَيكَ،\n_________\n(^١) مُلاحَة: أى مليحة، شديدة الملاحة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٣٧١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٤٩، ٥٠، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣٩٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٠٥٤، ٤٠٥٥) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٩٣١).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"إنا\".","vol":"18","page":249},{"text":"فامنُنْ عَلَينا مَنَّ اللهُ عَلَيكَ. وقامَ خَطيبُهُم زُهَيرُ بنُ صُرَدٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما في الحَظائرِ مِنَ السَّبايا خالاتُكَ وعَمّاتُكَ وحَواضِنُكَ اللَّاتِي كُنَّ يَكفُلنَكَ. وذَكَرَ كَلامًا وأَبياتًا، قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نِساؤُكُم وأَبناؤُكُم أحَبُّ إلَيكُم أم أموالُكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، خَيَّرتَنا بَينَ أحسابِنا وبَينَ أموالِنا، أبناؤُنا ونِساؤُنا أحَبُّ إلَينا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا ما كان لِي ولِبَنِي عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فهو لَكُم، وإِذا أنا صَلَّيتُ بالنّاسِ فقوموا وقولوا: إنّا نَستَشفِعُ برسولِ اللهِ إلَى المُسلِمينَ، وبِالمُسلِمينَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ في أبنائنا ونِسائِنا. سأعطيكُم عِندَ ذَلِكَ وأَسأَلُ لَكُم\". فلَمّا صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالنّاسِ الظُّهرَ قاموا فقالوا ما أمَرَهُم به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا ما كان لِي ولِبَنِي عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ فهو لَكُم\". وقالَ المُهاجِرونَ: وما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَتِ الأنصارُ: وما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ الأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ: أمّا أنا وبَنو تَميمٍ فلا. فقالَ العباسُ بنُ مِرداسٍ السُّلَمِيُّ: أمّا أنا وبَنو سُلَيمٍ فلا. فَقالَت بَنو سُلَيمٍ: بَل ما كان لَنا فهو لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ عُيَينَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ: أمّا أنا وبَنو فزارَةَ فلا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أمسَكَ مِنكُم بحَقِّه فلَه بكُلِّ إنسانٍ سِتَّةُ فرائضَ مِن أوَّلِ فيءٍ نُصيبُه، فرُدّوا إلَى النّاسِ نِساءَهُم وأَبناءَهُم\" (^١). وحَديثُ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ في سَبيِ هَوازِنَ قَد مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٨١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلانل ٥/ ١٩٤، ١٩٥، وتقدم في (١٣٠٦٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣١٧٥، ١٣١٧٦، ١٨٠٧٩).","vol":"18","page":250},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ البَكراوِيُّ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ المازِنِيُّ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: ثَلاثٌ سَمِعتُهُنَّ لِبَنِي تَميمٍ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، لا أُبغِضُ بَنِي تَميمٍ بَعدَهُنَّ أبَدًا؛ كان على عائشةَ -﵂- نَذرُ مُحَرَّرٍ مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ، فسُبِيَ سَبيٌ مِن بَلْعَنبَرِ، فلَمّا جِيءَ بذاكَ السَّبيِ قال لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن سَرَّكِ أن تَفِي بنَذرِكِ فأَعتِقِى مُحَرَّرًا مِن هَؤُلاءِ\". فجَعَلَهُم مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ، وجِيءَ بنَعَمٍ مِن نَعَمِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فلَمّا رآه راعَه حُسنُه. قال: فقالَ: \"هذا نَعَمُ قَومِي\". فجَعَلَهُم قَومَه. قال: وقالَ: \"هُم أشدُّ النّاسِ قِتالًا في المَلاحِمِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أبي زُرعَة عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨١٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، عن ابنِ مُغَفَّلٍ، أن سَبيًا مِن خَولانَ قَدِمَ وكانَ على عائشةَ -﵂- رَقَبَةٌ مِن ولَدِ إسماعيلَ، فقَدِمَ سَبيٌ مِنَ اليَمَنِ، فأَرادَت أن تُعتِقَ فنَهاها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-، فقَدِمَ سَبيٌ مِن مُضَرَ -أحسِبُه قال: مِن بَنِي العَنبَرِ- فأَمَرَها أن تُعتِقَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٩٦٢)، والحاكم ٤/ ٨٤ من طريق مسلمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٢٥/ عقب ١٩٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٤٣)، ومسلم (٢٥٢٥/ ١٩٨، عقب ١٩٨).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٦٨) من طريق مسعر به موصولًا، وعندهما \"ابن معقل\". وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ٢٤٢: رواه أحمد وفيه من لم أعرفهم.","vol":"18","page":251},{"text":"تابَعَه شُعبَةُ عن عُبَيدٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3806>بابُ تَحريمِ الفِرارِ مِنَ الزَّحفِ وصَبرِ الواحِدِ مَعَ الاثنَينِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ﴾ الآيَةَ [الأنفال: ١٥]. وقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَتَينِ [الأنفال: ٦٥، ٦٦].\n\n١٨١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٢) هو ابنُ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأوَيسيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبي الغَيثِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اجتَنِبوا السَّبعَ الموبِقاتِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وما هُنَّ؟ فذَكَرَهُنَّ، وذَكَرَ فيهِنَّ التَّوَلِّيَ يَومَ الزَّحفِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأوَيسِيِّ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٦ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) بعده في م، وحاشية س \"أخبرنا أبو بكر\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٣٧٣.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٧٩٢، ١٧٢١١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٦٦).","vol":"18","page":252},{"text":"عن سالِمٍ أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ وكانَ كاتِبًا له قال. كَتَبَ إلَيه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي أوفَى أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَتَمَنَّوا لِقاءَ العَدوِّ، وسَلوا اللهَ العافيَةَ، فإِذا لَقِيتُموهُم فاصبِروا، واعلَموا أن الجَنَّةَ تَحتَ ظِلالِ السُّيوفِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مُعاويَة بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٨١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٥] فكُتِبَ عَلَيهِم ألا يَفِرَّ العِشرونَ مِنَ المِائَتَينِ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٦] فخَفَّفَ عَنهُم وكَتَبَ عَلَيهِم ألا يَفِرَّ مِائَةٌ مِن مِائَتَينِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٧١)، والشعب (٤٣٠٨)، والدعوات الكبير (٤٢٣). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٥٧٠) عن محمد بن إسحاق الصغاني به. وأبو داود (٢٦٣١) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وسيأتي في (١٨٥٠٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٦٥، ٢٩٦٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٨١)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٦٩. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٠٠٠ - تفسير)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٩١٣٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٢٦٢ من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.","vol":"18","page":253},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٨١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ النَّضرِ المروَزِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ الخِرّيتِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: نَزَلَت: ﴿إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾ قال: فُرِضَ عَلَيهِم ألا يَفِرَّ رَجُلٌ مِن عَشَرَةٍ، ولا قَومٌ مِن عَشْرِ أمثالِهِم، فجَهَدَ ذَلِكَ النّاسَ وشَقَّ عَلَيهِم، فنَزَلَت: ﴿الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ﴾. قال: فأُمِروا ألا يَفِرَّ رَجُلٌ مِن رَجُلَينِ ولا قَومٌ مِن مِثلَيهِم. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فنَقَصَ مِنَ النَّصرِ (^٢) بقَدرِ ما خَفَّفَ مِنَ العِدَّةِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عَفّانَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ: فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ حينَ فُرِضَ ألا يَفِرَّ واحِدٌ مِن عَشَرَةٍ، فجاءَ التَّخفيفُ فقالَ: ﴿الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ. فلَمّا خَفَّفَ اللهُ عَنهُم مِنَ العِدَّةِ نَقَصَ مِنَ الصَّبرِ بقَدرِ ما خَفَّفَ عَنهُم (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٦٥٢).\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل، وفي م: \"الصبر\".\n(^٣) ابن المبارك في الجهاد (٢٣٧)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٦٤٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٦٧٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٢٦٧، وابن أبي حاتم مختصرًا في تفسيره ٥/ ١٧٢٩ (٩١٤١) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.","vol":"18","page":254},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ السُّلَمِيِّ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n١٨١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إن فرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اثنَينِ فقَد فرَّ، وإِن فرَّ مِن ثَلاثَةٍ لَم يفِرَّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3807>بابُ مَن تَوَلَّى مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتالٍ أو مُتَحَيِّزًا إلَى فِئَةٍ</span>\n\n١٨١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في سَريَّةٍ، فلَقُوا العَدوَّ، [فجاضَ النّاسُ جَيضَةً] (^٣)، فأَتَينا المَدينَةَ، ففَتَحنا بابَها وقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَحنُ الفَرّارونَ. فقالَ: \"بَل أنتُمُ العَكّارونَ (^٤)، وأَنا فِئَتُكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٤٦٥٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٨٣). وأخرجه ابن المبارك في الجهاد (٢٣٥)، وأبو إسحاق الفزاري (٣٠٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٠١ - تفسير)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٢/ ٥٠ من طريق سفيان ابن عيينة به.\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي م: \"فحاص الناس حيصة\". وجاض الرجل: إذا حاد عن\nطريقه أو انصرف عن وجهه إلى جهة أخرى. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٧٣. و\"حاص\" في نفس المعنى. ينظر\nغريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٦٦، ٢٦٧، والفائق ١/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٤) العكارون: الكرارون. والعكر: الانصراف بعد المضى. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٣٣١.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٨٥)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧١. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٧١٦) من طريق سفيان=","vol":"18","page":255},{"text":"١٨١٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ ابنُ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في سَريَّةٍ، فلَقِينا العَدوَّ، [فجاضَ المُسلِمونَ جَيضَةً، فكُنتُ فيمَن جاضَ] (^١)، قُلتُ في نَفسِي: لا نَدخُلُ المَدينَةَ وقَد بُؤْنا بغَضبٍ مِنَ اللهِ. ثُمَّ قُلنا: نَدخُلُها فنَمتارُ (^٢) مِنها. فدَخَلنا فلَقِينا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وهو خارجٌ إلَى الصَّلاةِ، فقُلنا: نَحنُ الفَرّارونَ. فقالَ: \"بَل أنتُمُ العَكّارونَ\". فقُلنا: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أرَدنا ألا نَدخُلَ المَدينَةَ وأَن نَركَبَ البحرَ. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلوا، فإِنِّي فِئَةُ كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: أنا فِئَةُ كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ،\n_________\n= ابن عيينة به. وأحمد (٥٣٨٤)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٩٧٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٤٧) من طريق يزيد بن أبي زياد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن.\n(^١) في م: \"فحاص المسلمون حيصة فكنت فيمن حاص\".\n(^٢) نمتار: أي نجلب الطعام. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ١٦٢ (م ى ر).\n(^٣) أبو جعفر الرزاز في مجموع فيه مصنفاته (٣٣٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٨٦)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧١. وأخرجه ابن المبارك في الجهاد (٢٦٢) -ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٨١ - وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٢٥١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٥٢٤)، وسعيد بن منصور (٩٨٦ - تفسير) من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.","vol":"18","page":256},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، سَمِعَ سوَيدًا، سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ لما هُزِمَ أبو عُبَيدٍ: لَو أتَونِي كُنتُ فِئَتَهُم.\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِيِّ عنه أحاديثَ في البَيعَةِ على السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ فيما استَطاعوا، وقَد ذَكَرناها في قِتالِ أهلِ البَغيِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3808>بابُ النَّهىِ عن قَصدِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ بالقَتلِ</span>\n\n١٨١٤١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عَمِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ نَهاه عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄-\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٥٣٦٧، ١٦٦٢٩ - ١٦٦٣٤، ١٧٧٩٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦١٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٦٦٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٢١ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣١٠، والطبراني ١٩/ ٧٤ (١٤٥، ١٤٦) عن الزهري، وفيهما: \"عبد الرحمن بن كعب بن مالك عن أبيه\".","vol":"18","page":257},{"text":"أخبَرَه أن امرأةً وُجِدَت في بَعضِ مَغازِي رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَقتولَةً، فأَنكَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَتلَ النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن لَيثٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ وأبو أُسامَةَ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ يَعنِي ابنَ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: وُجِدَتِ امرأةٌ مَقتولَةٌ في بَعضِ تِلكَ المَغازِي، فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ بُرَيدَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقتُلوا وليدًا\" (^٥).\n\n١٨١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ بنِ ناصِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ يَعنِي ابنَ عَطاءٍ الخَفّافَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٥٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦٦٨)، والترمذي (١٥٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٨) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وابن حبان (١٣٥) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠١٤)، ومسلم (١٧٤٤/ ٢٤).\n(^٣) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٦٥٩)، وفيه: \"عبد الله بن نمير\" بدل: \"محمد بن بشر\". وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧٣٨)، وأبو عوانة (٦٥٨١) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٤٤/ ٢٥)، والبخاري (٣٠١٥).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٨٠٠٧، ١٨١٠٠).","vol":"18","page":258},{"text":"سَريعٍ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فغَزَوتُ مَعَه، فأَصَبنا ظَفَرًا، فقَتَلَ النّاسُ يَومَئذٍ حَتَّى قَتَلوا الذُّرّيَّةَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ جاوَزَ بهِمُ القَتلُ حَتَّى قَتَلوا الذُّرّيَّةَ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّما هُم (^١) أبناءُ المُشرِكينَ. قال: \"ألا إنَّ خيارَكُم أبناءُ المُشرِكينَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"لا تَقتُلوا الذُّرّيَّةَ\". قالَها ثَلاثًا، وقالَ: \"كُلُّ نَسَمَةٍ تولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ حَتَّى يُعرِبَ عَنها لِسانُها، فأَبَواها يُهَوِّدانِها ويُنَصِّرانِها\" (^٢).\nقال أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ: مَعنَى قَولِه: \"كُلُّ نَسَمَةٍ تولَدُ على الفِطرَةِ\". يَعنِي الفِطرَةَ التى فطَرَهُم عَلَيها حينَ أخرَجَهُم مِن صُلبِ آدَمَ فأَقَرّوا بتَوحيدِهِ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه هُشَيمٌ عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، وذَكَرَ فيه سَماعَ الحَسَنِ مِنَ الأسوَدِ بنِ سَريعٍ:\n\n١٨١٤٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ سَريعٍ قال: كُنّا في غَزوَةٍ لَنا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"هي\".\n(^٢) المصنف في القضاء والقدر (٥٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٨٩)، والطبراني (٨٢٩) من طريق يونس ابن عبيد به. وابن حبان (١٣٢) من طريق الحسن به. وسيأتي في (١٨٣٨٠). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٣١٦: رواه أحمد ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦١٦) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"18","page":259},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا قَتادَةُ عن الحَسَنِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3809>بابُ قَتلِ النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ في التَّبييتِ والغارَةِ مِن غَيِر قَصدٍ، وما ورَدَ في إباحَةِ التَّبييتِ</span>\n\n١٨١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أخبرَنِي الصَّعبُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يُسأَلُ عن أهلِ الدّارِ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ يُبيَّتونَ (^٢) فيُصابُ مِن نِسائهِم وذَراريِّهِم، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"هُم مِنهُم\". وزادَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ: \"هُم مِن آبائِهِم\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، وفِي رِوايَتِهِما: ورُبَّما قال سفيانُ في الحديثِ: \"هُم مِن آبائِهِم\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالوا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي في (١٨٣٨٠).\n(^٢) يبيتون: يوقع بهم ليلًا، وهو من البيات. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٠٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦١٥)، والمعرفة (٥٣٩٧)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٦٦٩)، وأبو داود (٢٦٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٣٩)، وابن حبان (١٣٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠١٢)، ومسلم (١٧٤٥/ ٢٦).","vol":"18","page":260},{"text":"أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عَمِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- لما بَعَثَ إلَى ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ نَهى عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبدِ اللهِ.\nزادَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فكانَ سفيانُ يَذهَبُ إلَى أنَّ قَولَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"هُم مِنهُم\". إباحَةٌ لِقَتلِهِم، وأَنَّ حَديثَ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ ناسِخٌ له. قال: وكانَ الزُّهرِيُّ إذا حَدَّثَ بحَديثِ الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ أتبَعَه حَديثَ ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وحَديثُ الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ كان في عُمرَةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فإِن كان في عُمرَتِه الأولَى فقَد قُتِلَ ابنُ أبي الحُقَيقِ قَبلَها، وقيلَ: في سَنَتِها، وإِن كان في عُمرَتِه الآخِرَةِ فهو بَعدَ أمرِ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ غَيرَ شَكٍّ، واللهُ أعلمُ. قال: ولَم نَعلَمْه رَخَّصَ في قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ ثُمَّ نَهَى عنه، ومَعنَى نَهيِه عِندَنا -واللهُ أعلمُ- عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ، أن يَقصِدَ قَصدَهُم بقَتلٍ وهُم يُعرَفونَ مُمَيَّزينَ مِمَّن أمَرَ بقَتلِه مِنهُم. قال: ومَعنَى قَولِه: \"هُم مِنهُم\". أنَّهُم يَجمَعونَ خَصلَتَينِ؛ أن لَيسَ لَهُم حُكمُ الإيمانِ الَّذِي يَمنَعُ الدَّمَ، ولا حُكمُ دارِ الإيمانِ الَّذِي يَمنَعُ الغارَةَ على الدّارِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا قَولُه في حَديثِ الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ أن ذَلِكَ كان في عُمرَتِهِ. فإِنَّما قال ذَلِكَ استِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٨١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٩٣)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٣٩. وتقدم في (١٨١٤١).\n(^٢) الرسالة ص ٢٩٨ - ٣٠٠.","vol":"18","page":261},{"text":"حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الفارِيابِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ قال: مَرَّ بي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَنا بالأبواءِ أو بوَدّانَ، فأَهدَيتُ إلَيه لَحمَ حِمارِ وحشٍ فرَدَّه عليَّ، فلَمّا رأى الكَراهَةَ في وجهِي قال: \"إنَّه لَيسَ بنا رَدٌّ عَلَيكَ، ولَكِنّا حُرُمٌ\" (^١). قال: وسُئلَ عن ذَرارِيِّ المُشرِكينَ فيُبَيَّتونَ فيُصابُ مِن نِسائهِم وذَراريِّهِم، فقالَ: \"هُم مِنهُم\" (^٢). قال: وسمِعتُه يقولُ: \"لا حِمَى إلَّا للهِ ولِرسولِه\" (^٣). قال عليٌّ: فرَدَّدَه سفيانُ في هذا المَجلِسِ مَرَّتَينِ، ثُمَّ قال: حَفِظتُه غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ: سَمِعتُه. وكانَ إذا حَدَّثَ بهَذا الحديثِ قال: وأَخبَرَنِي ابنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عَمِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما بَعَثَ إلَى ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ نَهَى عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ (^٤).\nوأَمّا تاريخُ قَتلِ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ وتاريخُ عُمرَتِه فقَد:\n\n١٨١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ هو ابنُ يَسارٍ قال: فلَمّا انقَضَى أمرُ الخَندَقِ وأَمرُ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ، وكانَ أبو رافِعٍ سَلَّامُ بنُ أبي الحُقَيقِ ممَّن كان حَزَّبَ الأحزابَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، استأْذَنَتِ الخَزرَجُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- في قَتلِ سَلَّامِ بنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ، وكانَ بخَيبَرَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٠١٧، ١٠٠١٩، ١٠٠٢٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨١٤٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٥٠١).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨١٤١، ١٨١٤٧).","vol":"18","page":262},{"text":"فأَذِنَ لَهُم فيه. قال: ثُمَّ غَزا بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ في شَعبانَ سنةَ سِتٍّ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ في ذِي القَعدَةِ مُعتَمِرًا عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ثُمَّ كانَت عُمرَتُه التي تُسَمَّى عمْرَةَ القَضاءِ، ثُمَّ عُمرَةُ الجِعرانَةِ، ثُمَّ عُمرَتُه في سنةِ حَجَّتِه، كُلُّهُنَّ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، وقَتْلُ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ كان قَبلَهُنَّ، فكَيفَ يَكونُ نَهيُه في قِصَّةِ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ والوِلدانِ ناسِخًا لِحَديثِ الصَّعبِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ الَّذِي كان بَعدَه؟! وزَعَموا أنَّه هاجَرَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وماتَ في خِلافَةِ أبي بكرٍ، فإِن كان سَماعُه الحديثَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعدَما هاجَرَ، فيَكونُ ذَلِكَ أيضًا بَعدَ قِصَّةِ ابنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ؛ فإِنَّ في حَديثِ الهُدنَةِ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه أوَّلُ ما التَقَى بالنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فيَكونُ وجهُ الحديثينِ ما أشارَ إلَيه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ مِنَ اختِلافِ الحالَينِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِيُّ في جَوازِ التَّبييتِ أيضًا بما:\n\n١٨١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَونٍ، أنَّ نافِعًا كَتَبَ إلَيه يُخبِرُه أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ أخبَرَه أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أغارَ على بَنِي المُصطَلِقِ وهُم غارّونَ في نَعَمِهِم بالمُرَيسيعِ، فقَتَلَ المُقاتِلَةَ وسَبَى الذُّرّيَّةَ (^٢). أخرَجاه في\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٣. وينظر أسد الغابة ١/ ١٠١، وسيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٣٩٩)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٣٩. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٦٩٨) من طريق أبي بكر ابن الحسن به. وتقدم في (١٧٩٤٠).","vol":"18","page":263},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ كما مَضَى (^١).\n\n١٨١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ وأبو عامِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا إياسُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبيه قال: أمَّرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَلَينا أبا بكرٍ -﵁-، فغَزَونا ناسًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فبَيَّتناهُم نَقتُلُهُم، وكانَ شِعارُنا تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ: أمِتْ أمِتْ. قال: سَلَمَةُ: فقَتَلتُ بيَدِي تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ سَبعَةَ أهلِ أبياتٍ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٥٢ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ إلَى خَيبَرَ فجاءَها لَيلًا، وكانَ إذا جاءَ قَومًا بلَيلٍ لا يُغِيرُ عَلَيهِم حَتَّى يُصبحَ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ خَرَجَت يَهودُ بمَساحيهِم ومَكاتِلِهِم، فلَمّا رأَوه قالوا: محمدٌ واللهِ، محمدٌ والخَميسُ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اللهُ أكبَرُ، خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنَّا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صَباحُ المُنذَرينَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٥٤١)، ومسلم (١٧٣٠/ ١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٣٨). وتقدم في (١٣١٨٤). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٩٧).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٤٦٨، ومن طريقه الترمذي (١٥٥٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٩٨)، وابن حبان (٤٧٤٦). وتقدم في (٣٢٨٠، ٣٢٨٢، ١٨٠٣٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٤٥).","vol":"18","page":264},{"text":"١٨١٥٣ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: سارَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى خَيبَرَ، فانتَهَى إلَيها لَيلًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا طَرَقَ قَومًا لَم يُغِرْ عَلَيهِم حَتَّى يُصبِحَ، فإِن سَمِعَ أذانًا أمسَكَ، وإِن لَم يَكونوا يُصَلّونَ أغارَ عَلَيهِم حينَ يُصبحُ، فلَمّا أصبَحَ رَكِبَ ورَكِبَ المُسلِمونَ، وخَرَجَ أهلُ القَريَةِ ومَعَهُم مَكاتِلُهُم ومَساحيهِم، فلَمّا رأَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قالوا: محمدٌ والخَميسُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللهُ أكبَرُ، خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنّا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صَباحُ المُنذَرينَ\". قال أنَسٌ: وإِنِّي لَرِدفٌ لأبِي طَلحَةَ، وإِنَّ قَدَمِي لَتَمَسُّ قَدَمَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٨١٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ أنَسٍ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان لا يُغيرُ حَتَّى يُصبحَ: لَيسَ بتَحريمٍ لِلإِغارَةِ لَيلًا ولا نَهارًا ولا غارّينَ في حالٍ، واللهُ أعلمُ، ولَكِنَّه على أن يَكونَ يُبصِرُ مَن مَعَه كَيفَ يُغيرونَ؛ احتياطًا مِن أن يُؤتَوا مِن كَمينٍ، أو مِن حَيثُ لا يَشعُرونَ، وقَد يَختَلِطُ الحَربُ إذا أغاروا لَيلًا فيَقتُلُ بَعضُ المُسلِمينَ بَعضًا، قَد أصابَهُم ذَلِكَ في قَتلِ ابنِ عَتيكٍ فقَطَعوا رِجلَ أحَدِهِم. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَد أمَرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بالغارَةِ على غَيرِ واحِدٍ مِن يَهودَ فقَتَلوه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠٠)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٥٢. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٠٦: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٥٢.","vol":"18","page":265},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3810>قَتلُ أبي رافِعٍ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي الحُقَيقِ</span>\nويُقالُ: سَلَّامُ بنُ أبي الحُقَيقِ.\n\n١٨١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ موسَى الشَّطَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى أبي رافِعٍ اليَهودِيِّ، وكانَ يَسكُنُ أرضَ الحِجازِ، فنَدَبَ له سَرايا مِنَ الأنصارِ، وأَمَّرَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عَتيكٍ، وكانَ أبو رافِعٍ يُؤذِي النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ويُعينُ عَلَيه، وكانَ في حِصنٍ له بأَرضِ الحِجازِ، فلَمّا دَنَوا مِنه وقَد غَرَبَتِ الشَّمسُ وراحَ النّاسُ بسَرْحِهِم (^١)، فقالَ لَهُم عبدُ اللهِ: اجلِسوا مَكانَكُم، فإِنِّي مُنطَلِقٌ فمُتَطَلِّعٌ الأبوابَ لَعَلِّي أدخُلُ فأَقتُلَه. حَتَّى إذا دَنا مِنَ البابِ تَقَنَّعَ بثَوبِه كأنَّه يَقضِي حاجَةً، وقَد دَخَلَ الناسُ، فهَتَفَ به البَوّابُ فقالَ: يا عبدَ اللهِ، إن كُنتَ تُريدُ أن تَدخُلَ فادخُلْ فإِنِّي أُريدُ أن أُغلِقَ البابَ. قال: فدَخَلتُ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ الناسُ أغلَقَ البابَ، ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ الأقاليدَ (^٢) على وتِدٍ. قال: فقُمتُ إلَى الأقاليدِ فأَخَذتُها ففَتَحتُ البابَ، وكانَ أبو رافِعٍ يُسمَرُ عِندَه في عَلالٍ (^٣) له، فلَمّا نَزَلَ عنه أهلُ سَمَرِه صَعِدتُ إلَيه، فجَعَلتُ كُلَّما فتَحتُ بابًا أغلَقتُ عليَّ مِن داخِلٍ، فقُلتُ: إنِ القَومُ نَذِروا بي (^٤) لَم يَخلُصوا إلَيَّ حَتَّى أقتُلَه. قال:\n_________\n(^١) السرح: الإبل التي تسرح في المرعى. المفهم ٣/ ٦٧٣.\n(^٢) الأقاليد: المفاتيح، لغة يمانية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٤.\n(^٣) العلالى: جمع عُلِّيَّة، بتشديد التحتانية، وهي الغرفة. فتح الباري ٧/ ٣٤٤.\n(^٤) نذروا بي: شعروا بي وعلموا بمكاني. ينظر معالم السنن ١/ ٧٠.","vol":"18","page":266},{"text":"فانتَهَيتُ إلَيه فإِذا هو في بَيتٍ مُظلِمٍ وسْطَ عيالِه لا أدرِى أينَ هو مِنَ البَيتِ، فقُلتُ: أبا رافِعٍ. قال: مَن هَذا؟ فأَهوِى نَحوَ الصَّوتِ فأَضرِبُه ضَربَةً غَيرَ طائلٍ (^١) وأَنا دَهِشٌ، فلَم أُغنِ عنه شَيئًا، وصاحَ فخَرَجتُ مِنَ البَيتِ فمَكَثتُ غَيرَ بَعيدٍ، ثُمَّ جِئتُ فقُلتُ: ما هذا الصوتُ يا أبا رافِعٍ؟ فقالَ: لأُمِّكَ الوَيلُ، رَجُلٌ في البَيتِ ضَرَبَني قُبَيلُ (^٢) بالسَّيفِ. قال: فأَضرِبُه ضَربَةً ثانيَةً ولَم أقتُلْه، تُمَّ وضَعتُ ضُبابَةَ (^٣) السَّيفِ في بَطنِه، ثُمَّ اتَّكَيتُ عَلَيه حَتَّى سَمِعتُه أخَذَ في ظَهرِه، فعَرَفتُ أنِّي قَد قَتَلتُه، فجَعَلتُ أفتَحُ الأبوابَ بابًا بابًا، حَتَّى انتَهَيتُ إلَى دَرَجَةٍ فوَضَعتُ رِجلِي وأَنا أُرَى أنِّي قَدِ انتَهَيتُ إلَى الأرضِ، فوَقَعتُ في لَيلَةٍ مُقمِرَةٍ، فانكَسَرَت رِجلِي، فعَصَبتُها بعِمامَتِى، ثُمَّ إنِّي انطَلَقتُ حَتَّى جَلَستُ عِندَ البابِ، قُلتُ: واللهِ لا أخرُجُ اللَّيلَةَ حَتَّى أعلَمَ أنِّي قَد قَتَلتُه أو لا، فلَمّا صاحَ الدّيكُ قامَ النّاعِي على السُّورِ فقالَ: أنعَي أبا رافِعٍ تاجِرَ أهلِ الحِجازِ. فانطَلَقتُ أتَعَجَّلُ إلَى أصحابِي فقُلتُ: النَّجاءَ، قَد قَتَلَ اللهُ أبا رافِعٍ. حَتَّى انتَهَينا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فحَدَّثتُه فقالَ: \"ابسُطْ رِجلَكَ\". فبَسَطتُها، فمَسَحَها،\n_________\n(^١) غير طائل: أي: غير ماض. معالم السنن ٢/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"قبل\".\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، قال ابن حجر عن روايات البخاري: قوله: ضبيب السيف. بضاد معجمة مفتوحة\nوموحدتين، وزن رغيف. قال الخطابي: هكذا يروى، وما أراه محفوظًا، وإنما هو ظبة السيف،\nوهو حرف حد السيف، ويجمع على ظبات: قال: والضبيب لا معنى له هنا؛ لأنه سيلان الدم من\nالفم. وقال عياض: هو في رواية أبي ذر بالصاد المهملة، وكذا ذكره الحربي، وقال: أظنه طرفه.\nوفي رواية غير أبي ذر بالمعجمة، وهو طرف السيف. فتح الباري ٧/ ٣٤٤، وينظر مشارق الأنوار\n٢/ ٣٧، ٣٨.","vol":"18","page":267},{"text":"فكأنَّما لَم أشتَكِها قَطُّ (^١).\n\n١٨١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى أبي رافِعٍ اليَهودِيِّ رِجالًا مِنَ الأنصارِ، وأَمَّرَ عَلَيهِم عبدَ اللهِ بنَ فُلانٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: فإِنِّي مُنطَلِقٌ فمُتَلَطِّفٌ لِلبَوّابِ. وقالَ: فدَخَلتُ فكَمَنتُ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ النّاسُ أغلَقَ البابَ، ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ الأقاليدَ على وتِدٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أن ذَلِكَ كان بخَيبَرَ، وأَنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ هو الَّذِي قَتَلَه.\nوفِي حَديثٍ آخَرَ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ ضَرَبَه وابنَ عَتيكٍ ذَفَّفَ عَلَيه (^٤) وفِي الرِّواياتِ كُلِّها أن ابنَ عَتيكٍ سَقَطَ فوُثِئَت (^٥) رِجلُه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٣٠٢٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) في م: \"ود\". وهو الوتد على لغة نجد. ينظر التاج ٩/ ٢٤٩ (وت د). والحديث عند المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٦، ٣٧.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٠٣٩).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"وفي الروايات كلها أن ابن عتيك ذفف عليه\". وذفف عليه: أجهز عليه. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣٢، ٣٣.\n(^٥) وُثِئَت: أصاب العظم وهن لا يبلغ الكسر. المغرب ٢/ ٣٤٠.","vol":"18","page":268},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3811>قَتلُ كَعبِ بن الأشرَفِ</span>\n\n١٨١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ (^١)، أخبَرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، قال عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ وإِبراهيمُ ابنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لِكَعبِ بنِ الأشرَفِ؛ فإِنَّه قَد آذَى اللهَ ورسولَهُ؟ \". فقالَ له محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ: أتُحِبُّ أن أقتُلَه يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: أنا له يا رسولَ اللهِ، فأْذَنْ لِي أن أقولَ. قال: \"قُلْ\". فأَتاه محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ فقالَ. إنَّ هذا الرَّجُلَ قَد أخَذَنا بالصَّدَقَةِ، وقَد عَنّانا، وقَد مَلَلنا مِنه. فقالَ الخَبيثُ لما سَمِعَها: وأَيضًا واللهِ لَتَمَلُّنَّه -أو: لَتَمَلُّنَّ مِنه- ولَقَد عَلِمتُ أن أمرَكُم سَيَصيرُ إلَى هذا. قال: إنّا لا نَستَطيعُ أن نُسلِمَه حَتَّى نَنظُرَ ما فعَلَ، وإِنّا نَكرَهُ أن نَدَعَه بَعدَ أن اتَّبَعناه حَتَّى نَنظُرَ إلَى أيِّ شَئٍ يَصيرُ أمرُه، وقَد جِئتُكَ لِتُسلِفِنِي تَمرًا. قال: نَعَم على أن تَرهَنونِي نِساءَكُم. قال: محمدٌ: نَرهَنُكَ نِساءَنا وأَنتَ أجمَلُ العَرَبِ؟ قال: فأَولادَكُم. قال: فيُعَيِّرُ الناسُ أولادَنا أنّا رَهَنّاهُم بوَسْقٍ أو وسْقَينِ؟ ورُبَّما قال: فيُسَبُّ ابنُ أحَدِنا فيُقالُ: رُهِنَ بوَسْقٍ أو وسْقَينِ؟ قال: فأَيَّ شَيءٍ تَرهَنونِي (^٢)؟ قال:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ثنا محمد بن يعقوب\".\n(^٢) في الأصل، م: \"ترهنون\".","vol":"18","page":269},{"text":"نَرهَنُكَ اللَّأمَةَ. يَعنِي السِّلاحَ. قال: نَعَم. فواعَدَه أن يأتيَه، فرَجَعَ محمدُ إلَى أصحابِه، فأَقبَلَ وأَقبَلَ مَعَه أبو نائلَةَ، وهو أخو كَعبٍ مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ، وجاءَ مَعَه رَجُلانِ آخَرانِ، فقالَ: إنِّي مُستَمكِنٌ مِن رأسِه، فإِذا أدخَلتُ يَدِي في رأسِه فدونَكُمُ الرَّجُلَ. فجاءوه لَيلًا، وأَمَرَ أصحابَه فقاموا في ظِلِّ النَّخلِ، وأَتاه محمدٌ فناداه: يا أبا الأشرَفِ. فقالَتِ امرأتُه: أينَ تَخرُجُ هذه السّاعَةَ؟ فقالَ: إنَّما هو محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ وأَخِي أبو نائلَةَ. فنَزَلَ إلَيه مُلتَحِفًا في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ تَنفَحُ مِنه ريحُ الطِّيبِ، فقالَ له محمدٌ: ما أحسَنَ جِسمَكَ وأَطيَبَ ريحَكَ! قال: إنَّ عِندِي ابنَةَ فُلانٍ وهِيَ أعطَرُ العَرَبِ. قال: فتأذَنُ لِي أن أشَمَّه؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَدخَلَ محمدٌ يَدَه في رأسِه ثُمَّ قال: أتأذَنُ لِي أن أُشِمَّه أصحابِي؟ قال: نَعَم. فأَدخَلَها في رأسِه فأَشَمَّ أصحابَه ثُمَّ أدخَلَها مَرَّةً أُخرَى في رأسِه حَتَّى أمِنَه، ثُمَّ إنَّه شَبَّكَ يَدَه في رأسِه فنَصَاه (^١)، ثُمَّ قال لأصحابِه: دونَكُم عَدوَّ اللهِ. فخَرَجوا عَلَيه فقَتَلوه، ثُمَّ أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨١٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أي: مده بناصيته، والله أعلم\". وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٣١٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦. وتقدم في (١٣٤٠٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥١٠، ٤٠٣٧)، ومسلم (١٨٠١/ ١١٩).","vol":"18","page":270},{"text":"عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ في هذه القِصَّةِ قال: فعانَقَه سِلْكانُ (^١) بنُ سَلامَةَ وقالَ: اقتُلونِي وعَدوَّ اللهِ. فلَم يَزالوا يَتَخَلَّصونَ إلَيه بأَسيافِهِم حَتَّى طَعَنَه أحَدُهُم في بَطنِه طَعنَةً بالسَّيفِ خَرَجَ مِنها مُصرانُه، وخَلَصوا إلَيه فضَرَبوه بأَسيافِهِم، وكانوا في بَعضِ ما يَتَخَلَّصونَ إلَيه وسِلكانُ مُعانِقُه أصابوا عَبّادَ بنَ بشرٍ في وجهِه أو في رِجلِه ولا يَشعُرونَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجوا يَشتَدّونَ سِراعًا، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بجُرفِ بُعاثٍ فقَدوا صاحِبَهُم، فرَجَعوا أدراجَهُم فوَجَدوه مِن وراءِ الجُرفِ، فاحتَمَلوه حَتَّى أتَوا به أهلَهُم مِن لَيلَتِهِم.\nوذَكَرَ ابنُ إسحاقَ هذه القِصَّةَ عن محمدِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ قال: وأُصيبَ الحارِثُ بنُ أوسِ بنِ مُعاذٍ فجُرِحَ في رأسِه ورِجلِه، أصابَه بَعضُ أسيافِنا (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن أبي الأسوَدِ عن عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3812>بابُ المَرأَةِ تُقاتِلُ فتُقتَلُ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما:\n\n١٨١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) كتب في الحاشية: \"قلت: سلكان بكسر السين وإسكان اللام، وهو أبو نائلة ... واسمه سعد،\nويقال: سلكان لقب، وأبو نائلة كنيته، والله أعلم\". وينظر الإصابة ١٣/ ٥.\n(^٢) سيرة ابن إسحاق ص ٢٩٧ - ٣٠٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٣٨٦)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٢/ ٧٠ (٢٠٢٥) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٩٦: وفيه ابن لهيعة، وحديثه حسن.","vol":"18","page":271},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ المُرَقِّعِ بنِ صَيفِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّه رَباحِ (^١) بنِ رَبيعٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في غَزوَةٍ، فرأى النّاسَ مُجتَمِعينَ على شَيءٍ فبَعَثَ رَجُلًا فقالَ: \"انظُرْ علامَ اجتَمَعَ هَؤُلاءِ؟ \". فجاءَ فقالَ: على امرأةٍ قَتيلٍ. فقالَ: \"ما كانَت هذه لِتُقاتِلَ\". قال: وعَلَى المُقَدِّمَةِ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، فبَعَثَ رَجُلًا فقالَ: \"قُلْ لِخالِدٍ: لا تَقتُلَنَّ امرأةً ولا عَسيفًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٨١٦٠ - وفيما رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن وُهَيبٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رأى امرأةً مَقتولَةً بالطّائفِ فقالَ: \"ألَم أنهَ عن قَتلِ النِّساءِ؟ مَن صاحِبُ هذه المَرأَةِ المَقتولَةِ؟ \". قال رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ، أردَفتُها فأَرادَت أن تَصرَعَنِي فتَقتُلَنِي. فأَمَرَ بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن توارَى.\n\n١٨١٦١ - وعن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، عن وُهَيبٍ، وعن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن حَمّادِ ابنِ زَيدٍ كِلاهُما عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: لما حاصَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أهلَ الطّائفِ أشرَفَتِ امرأةٌ فكَشَفت قُبُلَها فقالَت: ها دونَكُم\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"رياح\" بالياء المثناة، وفي حاشيته كالمثبت قال البخاري: وقال بعضهم: رياح. ولم\nيثبت. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣١٤، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥١١، والمؤتلف والمختلف للدارقطني\n٣/ ١٦٨، والإكمال ٤/ ١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٤١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٦٩). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٢٥)، من طريق عمر بن مرقع به. وسيأتي في (١٨٢٠٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٢٤): حسن صحيح.","vol":"18","page":272},{"text":"فارمُوا. فرَماها رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فما أخطأ ذَلِكَ مِنها. وفِي حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ: فما أخطأها أن قَتَلوها، فأَمَرَ بها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- تُوارَى.\nأخبرَنا بهِما أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ الدّاوُدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثينِ (^١).\n\n١٨١٦٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: ما قَتَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- امرأةً مِن بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ إلَّا امرأَةً واحِدَةً، واللهِ إنَّها لَعِندِي تَضحَكُ ظَهرًا لِبَطنٍ (^٢)، وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَيَقتُلُ رِجالَهُم بالسّوقِ، إذ هَتَفَ هاتِفٌ باسمِها: أينَ فُلانَةُ؟ فقالَت: أنا واللهِ. فقُلتُ: ويلَكِ، ما لَكِ؟ فقالَت: أُقتَلُ واللهِ؟ قُلتُ: ولِمَ؟ قالَت: لحَدَثٍ أحدَثتُه. فانطُلِقَ بها فضُرِبَت عُنُقُها، فما أنسَى عَجَبًا مِنها طيبَةَ نَفسِها وكَثرَةَ ضَحِكِها وقَد عَرَفَت أنَّها تُقتَلُ (^٣).\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِيِّ عنه عن أصحابِه أنَّها كانَت دَلَّت على مَحمودِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ؛ دَلَّت عَلَيه رَحًا فقَتَلَته، فقُتِلَت بذَلِكَ. قال: وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن تَكونَ أسلَمَت وارتَدَّت ولَحِقَت بقَومِها\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٣٣٣، ٣٣٤).\n(^٢) يقال: جاء فلان يضحك ظهرًا لبطن. أي يلتفت يمينًا وشمالًا. البصائر والذخائر ١/ ٣٣٨\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠١)، والحاكم ٣/ ٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٣٦٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦٧١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٢٥).","vol":"18","page":273},{"text":"فقَتَلَها لِذَلِكَ، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولَم يَصِحَّ الخَبَرُ: لأيِّ مَعنًى قَتَلَها. وقَد قيلَ: إنَّ مَحمودَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ قُتِلَ بخَيبَرَ ولَم يُقتَلْ يَومَ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ (^١). واحتَجَّ بمَتنِ (^٢) الحديثِ الَّذِي:\n\n١٨١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ سَهلٍ أحَدُ بَنِي حارِثَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: خَرَجَ مَرحَبٌ اليَهودِيُّ مِن حِصنِ خَيبَرَ قَد جَمَعَ سِلاحَه وهو يَرتَجِزُ، ويَقولُ: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لهَذا؟ \". فقالَ محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ: أنا له يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنا واللهِ الموتورُ (^٣) الثّائرُ؛ قَتَلوا أخِي بالأمسِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والمَنقولُ عِندَنا في قِصَّةِ هذه المَرأَةِ ما:\n\n١٨١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ مَخلَدُ (^٥) بنُ جَعفَرٍ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَريرٍ، فيما حَدَّثَهُم محمدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ. والحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن الواقِدِيِّ، أنَّهُم قالوا: إنَّ خَلَّادَ بنَ سوَيدِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ الخَزرَجِيَّ دَلَّت عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦١٧، ٣٦١٨)، والمعرفة عقب (٥٤٠١).\n(^٢) في م: \"بمعنى\".\n(^٣) الموتور: صاحب الوتر -أي الجناية- الطالب بالثأر. النهاية ٥/ ١٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢١٥، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٣٦. وابن إسحاق -كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٣٢، ٣٣٣ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٣٤)، وأبو يعلى (١٨٦١). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٥٠: رواه أحمد وأبو يعلى، ورجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٥) في م: \"محمد\". وينظر تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ١٧٦.","vol":"18","page":274},{"text":"فُلانَةُ -امرأةٌ مِن بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ- رَحًا فشَدَخَت (^١) رأسَه، فذُكِرَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"له أجرُ شَهيدَينِ\". فقَتَلَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فيما ذُكِرَ، وكانَ خَلَّادُ بنُ سوَيدٍ قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا وأُحُدًا والخَندَقَ وبَنِي قُرَيظَةَ (^٢). وهَذا مِن قَولِ ابنِ إسحاقَ والواقِدِيِّ مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3813>بابُ قَطعِ الشَّجَرِ وحَرقِ المَنازِلِ</span>\n\n١٨١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى وأَحمَدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمحٍ. قال يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى: أخبرَنا. وقالوا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَرَّقَ نَخلَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ وقَطَعَ، وهِيَ البُوَيرَةُ، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ\n_________\n(^١) شدخت: كسرت وفضخت. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) طبقات ابن سعد ٣/ ٥٣٠، ومغازي الواقدي ٢/ ٥٢٩، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٢٥٤.","vol":"18","page":275},{"text":"لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ (^١) [الحشر: ٥]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَةَ وابنِ رمحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٦٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ ابنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويوسُفُ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا [محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَطَعَ نَخلَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ وحَرَّقَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٨١٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَطَعَ نَخلَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ وحَرَّقَ، ولَها يقولُ حَسّانُ بنُ ثابِتٍ:\nوهانَ على سَراةِ بَنِي لُؤَيٍّ ... حَريقٌ بالبُوَيرَةِ مُستَطيرُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٢٤)، والدلائل ٣/ ٣٥٧، وأبو داود (٢٦١٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥٥٢، ٣٣٠٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٠٨، ١١٥٧٣) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٤) عن محمد بن رمح به. وأحمد (٦٠٥٤، ٦٢٥١) من طريق ليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨٨٤)، ومسلم (١٧٤٦/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ابن كثير\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٦٩٦)، وأحمد (٤٥٣٢)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١١٠٨) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٠٢١).","vol":"18","page":276},{"text":"وفِي هذا نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا﴾ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ الصّائغُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَرَّقَ بَعضَ نَخلِ بَنِي النَّضيرِ وقَطَعَ بَعضًا، وقيلَ في ذَلِكَ شِعرٌ:\nوهانَ على سَراةِ بَنِي لُؤَيٍّ ... حَريقٌ بالبُوَيرَةِ مُستَطيرُ\nتَرَكتُم قِدرَكُم لا شَيءَ فيها ... وقِدرُ القَومِ حاميَةٌ تَفورُ\n\n١٨١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو المُنذِرِ رَجاءُ بنُ الجارودِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، أخبرَنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- حَرَّقَ نَخلَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ. قال: ولَها يقولُ حَسّانُ:\nهانَ (^٣) على سَراةِ بَنِي لُؤَيٍّ ... حَريقٌ بالبُوَيرَةِ مُستَطيرُ\nقال: فأَجابَه أبو سُفيانَ ابنُ الحارِثِ:\nأدامَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ مِن صَنيعٍ ... وحَرَّقَ في نَواحيها السَّعيرُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٤٢)، وأبو عوانة (٦٦٠٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٤٦/ ٣٠).\n(^٣) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي م: \"وهان\".","vol":"18","page":277},{"text":"سَتَعلَمُ أيُّنا مِنها بنُزْهٍ (^١) ... وتَعلَمُ أيَّ أرْضَيْنا تَضيرُ (^٢)\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن حَبّانَ عن جوَيريَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ أبي الأخضَرِ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أُسامَةَ قال: أمَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- أن أُغِيرَ على أُبنَى صَباحًا وأُحَرِّقَ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الغَزِّيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مُسهِرٍ قيلَ له: أُبنَى. قال: نَحنُ أعلمُ، هِيَ يُبنَى فِلَسطينَ (^٥).\n\n١٨١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) بنزه: أى ببعد وتنزه عنها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١١١٠) من طريق يحيى بن حماد به. والطيالسي (١٩٤٢)، والبغوي في شرح السنة (٣٧٨١) من طريق جويرية بن أسماء به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٠٣٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٢٥)، والطيالسي (٦٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٢٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٣) من طريق صالح بن أبي الأخضر به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٦٢).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٦١٧). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٦٣).","vol":"18","page":278},{"text":"حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالأكَمَةِ (^١) عِندَ حِصنِ الطّائفِ، فحاصَرَهُم بضعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً، وقاتَلَته ثَقيفُ بالنَّبلِ والحِجارَةِ وهُم في حِصنِ الطّائفِ، وكَثُرَتِ القَتلَى في المُسلِمينَ وفِي ثَقيفَ، وقَطَعَ المُسلِمونَ شَيئًا مِن كُرومِ ثَقيفَ ليُغيظوهُم بذَلِكَ. قال عُروَةُ: وأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المُسلِمينَ حينَ حاصَروا ثَقيفَ أن يَقطَعَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَمسَ نَخَلاتٍ أو حَبَلاتٍ (^٢) مِن كُرومِهِم، فأَتاه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّها عَفاءٌ (^٣) لَم تُؤكَلْ ثِمارُها. فأَمَرَهُم أن يَقطَعوا ما أُكِلَت ثَمَرَتُه الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ في غَزوَةِ الطّائفِ قال: ونَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالأكَمَةِ عِندَ حِصنِ الطّائفِ بضعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيلَةً يُقاتِلُهُم. فذَكَرَه. قال: وقَطَعوا طائفَةً مِن أعنابِهِم ليُغيظوهُم بها، فقالَت ثَقيفُ: لا تُفسِدوا الأموالَ، فإِنَّها لَنا أو لَكُم. قال: واستأذَنَه المُسلِمونَ في\n_________\n(^١) الأَكَمَة: التل، وهو ما دون الجبل. أو الموضع الذى يكون أشد ارتفاعًا مما حوله. أو هو ما اجتمع من الحجارة في مكان واحد. ينظر التاج ٣١/ ٢٢٣ (أ ك م).\n(^٢) حَبَلات: جمع حَبَلة بفتح الحاء والباء، وربما سكنت؛ الأصل من شجر العنب. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٦١٣.\n(^٣) العفاء: ما ليس لمسلم ولا معاهد. الفائق ٣/ ٤.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٥٧، ١٥٨.","vol":"18","page":279},{"text":"مُناهَضَةِ الحِصنِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أرَى أن نَفتَحَه، وما أُذِنَ لَنا فيه الآنَ\" (^١).\n\n١٨١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: نَصَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على أهلِ الطّائفِ مَنجَنيقًا أو عَرّادَةً (^٢).\n\n١٨١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ قال: قُرِئَ على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ محمدٍ وأَنا أسمَعُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو -بَصرِيٌّ وكانَ حافِظًا- حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حاصَرَ أهلَ الطّائفِ ونَصَبَ عَلَيهِمُ المَنجَنيقَ سَبعَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا. قال أبو قِلابَةَ: وكانَ يُنكَرُ عَلَيه هذا الحديثُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فكأنَّه كان يُنكَرُ عَلَيه وصلُ إسنادِه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما أُنكِرَ رَميُهُم يَومَئذٍ بالمَجانيقِ.\n\n١٨١٧٦ - فقَد رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِيِّ عن الأوزاعِيِّ عن يَحيَى هو ابنُ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: حاصَرَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَهرًا. قُلتُ: فبَلَغَكَ أنَّه رَماهُم بالمَجانيقِ؟ فأَنكَرَ ذَلِكَ وقالَ: ما نَعرِفُ هَذا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٥٧.\n(^٢) العرَّادة: شيء أصغر من المنجنيق شبيهه. ينظر التاج ٨/ ٣٧١ (ع ر د). والأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠٨)، وفي الأم ٤/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٣٦).","vol":"18","page":280},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: كَذا قال يَحيَى: إنَّه لَم يَبلُغْه. وزَعَمَ غَيرُه أنَّه بَلَغَه:\n\n١٨١٧٧ - رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ عن سُفيانَ عن ثَورٍ عن مَكحولٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَصَبَ المَجانيقَ على أهلِ الطّائفِ (^١).\nوقَد ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ.\nأخبرَنا بهَذا [وبِحَديثِ يَحيَى] (^٢) أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَهُما.\nوقَد ذَكَرَه الواقِدِيُّ عن شُيوخِه كما ذَكَرَه مَكحولٌ، وزَعَمَ أن الَّذِي أشارَ به سَلمانُ الفارِسِيُّ (^٣).\nوذَكَرَ الشّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ حَديثَ ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن موسَى بنِ عُلَيٍّ عن أبيه، أن عمرَو بنَ العاصِ نَصَبَ المَنجَنيقَ على أهلِ الإسكَندَريَّةِ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي الحارِثُ بنُ يَزيدَ ويَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ في فتحِ قَيساريَّةَ قال: فكانوا يَرمونَها (^٥) كُلَّ يَومٍ بسِتّينَ مَنجَنيقًا، وذَلِكَ في زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٣٣٥).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحديث\".\n(^٣) مغازي الواقدي ٣/ ٩٢٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠٨).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"في\".","vol":"18","page":281},{"text":"الخطابِ -﵁- حَتَّى (^١) فتَحَ اللهُ على يَدَيْ مُعاويَةَ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو.\n\n١٨١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا أبو رَبيعَةَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ الحَنَفِيِّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: أمَرَني رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن أُغَورَ ماءَ آبارِ بَدرٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يوسُفُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن هارونَ (^٣).\nويوسُفُ (^٤) وأبو رَبيعَةَ فهدُ (^٥) بنُ عَوفٍ (^٦) ضَعيفانِ.\nورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ عن حَمّادٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: استَشارَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَومَ بَدرٍ، فقالَ الحُبابُ ابنُ المُنذِرِ: نَرَى أن تُغَوِّرَ المياهَ كُلَّها غَيرَ ماءٍ واحِدٍ فنَلقَى القَومَ عَلَيهِ (^٧).\n\n١٨١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حين\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣٦٧ من طريق هارون بن سعيد به. وذكره ابن أبي حاتم عقب (٩٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣٦٧ من طريق يوسف بن خالد به. وذكره ابن أبي حاتم عقب (٩٢٢).\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (٦٠).\n(^٥) في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٦) هو فهد بن عوف أبو ربيعة، يقال: اسمه زيد. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٠٤،\nوالجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٥٧٠، وثقات ابن حبان ٩/ ١٣، والضعفاه والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٣/ ١١.\n(^٧) المراسيل (٣١٨).","vol":"18","page":282},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِي طَلحَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ قال: كان أبو بكرٍ يأمُرُ أُمَراءَه حينَ كان يَبعَثُهُم في الرِّدَّةِ: إذا غَشِيتُم دارًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فشُنّوها غارَةً، واقتُلوا، وحَرِّقوا، وأَنهِكوا في القَتلِ والجِراحِ، لا يُرَى بكُم وهَنٌ لموتِ نَبيِّكُم -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3814>بابُ مَنِ اختارَ الكَفَّ عن القَطعِ والتَّحريقِ إذا كان الأغلَبُ أنَّها سَتَصيرُ دارَ إسلامٍ أو دارَ عَهدٍ</span>\n\n١٨١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه الكَرابيسِيُّ الهَرَوِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- لما بَعَثَ الجُنودَ نَحوَ الشّامِ؛ يَزيدَ بنَ أبي سُفيانَ وعَمرَو بنَ العاصِ وشُرَحبيلَ ابنَ حَسَنَةَ. قال: لما رَكِبوا مَشَى أبو بكرٍ مَعَ أُمَراءِ جُنودِه يوَدِّعُهُم حَتَّى بَلَغَ ثَنيَّةَ الوَداعِ، فقالوا: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ، أتَمشِى ونَحنُ رُكبانٌ؟ فقالَ: إنِّي أحتَسِبُ خُطايَ هذه في سَبيلِ اللهِ. ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُوصيهِم فقالَ: أُوصيكُم بتَقوَى اللهِ، اغزوا في سَبيلِ اللهِ فقاتِلوا مَن كَفَرَ باللهِ، فإِنَّ اللهَ ناصِرُ دينِه، ولا تَغُلّوا، ولا تَغدِروا، ولا تَجبُنوا، ولا تُفسِدوا في الأرضِ، ولا تَعصُوا ما تُؤمَرونَ، فإِذا لَقِيتُمُ العَدوَّ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ إن شاءَ اللهُ فادْعوهُم إلَى ثلاثِ خِصالٍ، فإِن هُم أجابوكَ فاقبَلوا مِنهُم وكُفّوا عَنهُمُ؛ ادْعُوهُم إلَى الإسلامِ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٨١٧).","vol":"18","page":283},{"text":"فإِن هُم أجابوكَ فاقبَلوا مِنهُم وكُفّوا عَنهم، ثُمَّ ادعوهُم إلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِن دارِهِم إلَى دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، فإِن هُم فعَلوا فأَخبِروهُم أنَّ لَهُم مِثلَ ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ وعَلَيهِم ما على المُهاجِرينَ، وإِن هُم دَخَلوا في الإسلامِ واختاروا دارَهُم على دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، فأَخبِروهُم أنَّهُم كأعرابِ المُسلِمينَ يَجرِى عَلَيهِم حُكمُ اللهِ الَّذِي فرَضَ على المُؤمِنينَ، ولَيسَ لَهُم في الفَيءِ والغَنائمِ شَيءٌ حَتَّى يُجاهِدوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ، فإِن هُم أبَوا أن يَدخُلوا في الإسلامِ فادعوهُم إلَى الجِزيَةِ، فإِن هُم فعَلوا فاقبَلوا مِنهُم وكُفّوا عَنهُم، وإِن هُم أبَوا فاستَعينوا باللهِ عَلَيهِم فقاتِلوهُم إن شاءَ اللهُ، ولا تُغَرِّقُنَّ نَحلًا (^١) ولا تُحَرِّقُنَّها، ولا تَعقِروا بَهيمَةً ولا شَجَرَةً تُثمِرُ، ولا تَهدِموا بِيعَةً، ولا تَقتُلوا الوِلدانَ ولا الشُّيوخَ ولا النِّساءَ، وسَتَجِدونَ أقوامًا حَبَسوا أنفُسَهُم في الصَّوامِعِ فدَعوهُم وما حَبَسوا أنفُسَهُم له، وسَتَجِدونَ آخَرينَ اتَّخَذَ الشَّيطانُ في أوساطِ (^٢) رُءوسِهِم أفحاصًا (^٣)، فإِذا وجَدتُم أولَئكَ فاضرِبوا أعناقَهُم إن شاءَ اللهُ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نخلا\". قال الزرقاني في شرح الموطأ ٣/ ١٧: بالحاء المهملة.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) يقال: فحصت الدجاجة برجليها وجناحيها في التراب لتتخذ لنفسها أفحوصة أو مفحصا أي حفرة تبيض فيها. ومعني الحديث أن الشيطان استوطن رءوسهم فجعلها مفاحص له. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤١٥، ٤١٦، واللسان ٧/ ٦٣ (ف ح ص).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ٧٦، ٧٧ من طريق المصنف به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل\nعقب (٦١٣٥) من طريق يونس بن يزيد به مختصرًا.","vol":"18","page":284},{"text":"سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ: هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ، ما أظُنُّ مِن هذا شَيءٌ. هذا كَلامُ أهلِ الشّامِ، أنكَرَه أبي على يونُسَ مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِيِّ، كأنَّه عِندَه مِن يونُسَ عن غَيرِ الزُّهرِيِّ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولَعَلَّ أمْرَ أبي بكرٍ -﵁- بأَن يَكُفّوا عن أن يَقطَعوا شَجَرًا مُثمِرًا إنَّما هو لأنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يُخبِرُ أن بلادَ الشّامِ تُفتَحُ على المُسلِمينَ، فلَمّا كان مُباحًا له أن يَقطَعَ ويَترُكَ اختارَ التَّركَ نَظَرًا لِلمُسلِمينَ، لا لأنَّه رآه مُحَرَّمًا؛ لأنَّه قَد حَضَرَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- تَحريقَه بالنَّضيرِ وخَيبَرَ والطّائفِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3815>بابُ تَحريمِ قَتلِ ما له روحٌ إلَّا بأَن يُذبَحَ فيُؤكَلَ</span>\n\n١٨١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن صُهَيبٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ عُصفورًا فما فوقَها بغَيرِ حَقِّها سألَه اللهُ عن قَتلِه\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وما حَقُّها؟ قال: \"أن تَذبَحَها فتأكُلَها، ولا تَقطَعَ رأسَها فتَرمِيَ بها\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) العلل ومعرفة الرجال للإمام أحمد (٤٧٥٧، ٤٧٥٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠٦)، والأم ٧/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤١٠)، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٤، ٢٥٩، ٧/ ٣٥٥. وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٥٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وأحمد (٦٥٥١) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦١٤: صهيب كان حذاء بمكة، فيه جهالة وقد وثق، وهذا إسناد جيد. وسيأتي في (١٩١٦١).","vol":"18","page":285},{"text":"قال الشَّافعِىُّ ﵀: ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن المصبورَةِ (^١).\n\n١٨١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (^٢)، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أنَسٍ على الحَكَمِ بنِ أيّوبَ، فرأى غِلمانًا أو فِتيانًا قَد نَصَبوا دَجاجَةً يَرمونَها، فقالَ أنَسٌ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُصبَرَ البَهائمُ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٨٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يُقتَلَ شَئٌ مِنَ البَهائمِ صَبرًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤١٠، ٥٧٤٣)، والأم ٢/ ٢٣٣، ٤/ ٢٤٤، ٧/ ٣٥٥.\nوالمصبورة من البهائم: المنصوبة للرمى. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"سعيد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨١٦) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٢١٦١)، والنسائي (٤٤٥١)، وابن ماجه (٣١٨٦) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى في (١٩٥٠٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٥١٣)، ومسلم (١٩٥٦/ ٥٨).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦١٢)، والمعرفة (٥٤١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٢٣) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٣١٨٨) من طريق ابن جريج به. وسيأتى في (١٩٥١١).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٩٥٩/ ٦٠).","vol":"18","page":286},{"text":"١٨١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ بَعَثَ جُيوشًا إلَى الشّامِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في وصيَّتِه إلَى أن قال: ولا تَعقِرُنَّ شاةً ولا بَعيرًا إلَّا لمأكَلةٍ (^١).\n\n١٨١٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، أن أبا بكرٍ بَعَثَ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ إلَى الشّامِ، فمَشَى مَعَه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: ولا تَذبَحوا بَعيرًا ولا بَقَرًا إلَّا لمأكَلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال أبو يوسُفَ: حدثنا بَعضُ أشياخِنا عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَىٍّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنمٍ أنَّه قيلَ لِمُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ: إنَّ الرّومَ يأخُذونَ ما حَسَرَ (^٣) مِن خَيلِنا فيَستَفحِلونَها (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٨/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٤٤٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٧٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٦٦٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وسيأتى في (١٨١٩٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٣٧٨) من طريق معمر به. وسيأتى في (١٨٢٠٣).\n(^٣) حَسَر البجرُ: أعيا من السير وكَلَّ وتَعِب. التاج ١٣/ ١١ (ح س ر).\n(^٤) في م: \"فيستعجلونها\". واستفحل الشئ: قَوِى واشتد. ينظر اللسان ١١/ ٥١٦ (ف ح ل).","vol":"18","page":287},{"text":"ويُقاتِلونَ عَلَيها، أفَنَعقِرُ ما حَسَرَ مِن خَيلِنا؟ فقالَ: لا، لَيسوا بأَهلٍ أن يتنقصوا مِنكُم، إنَّما هُم غَدًا رَقيقُكُم أو أهلُ ذِمَّتِكُم (^١).\nزاد أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد بَلَغَنا عن أبى أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىِّ أنَّه أوصَى ابنَه ألَّا يَعقِرَ جسدًا (^٢). وعن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ أنَّه نَهَى عن عَقرِ الدّابَّةِ إذا هِى قامَت (^٣). وعن قَبيصَةَ أنَّ فرَسَه قامَ عَلَيه بأَرضِ الرّومِ فتَرَكَه ونَهَى عن عَقرِهِ. أخبرَنا مَن سَمِعَ هِشامَ بنَ الغازِ يَروِى عن مَكحولٍ أنَّه سألَه عَنها فنَهاه وقالَ: إنّ النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُثلَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٨١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ الهَمَذانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الكِسائىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا المِنهالُ قال: كُنتُ أمشِى مَعَ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فقالَ: قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ مَن مَثَّلَ بالحيَوانِ\" (^٥).\n\n١٨١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٠٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"حسرا\".\n(^٣) القيام هنا بمعنى الوقوف، ووقوفه من الإعياء والتعب. ينظر اللسان ١٢/ ٤٩٦ (ق وم).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤١٢)، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٦ عن آدم به. وتقدم في (١٨١١١).","vol":"18","page":288},{"text":"القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدٍ اللَّخمِىُّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى رُهمٍ السَّماعِىِّ صاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن عَقَرَ بَهيمَةً ذَهَبَ رُبُعُ أجرِه، ومّن حَرَّقَ نَحلًا (^١) ذَهَبَ رُبُعُ أجرِه، ومَن غاشَّ شَريكَه ذَهَبَ رُبُعُ أجرِه، ومَن عَصَى إمامَه ذَهَبَ أجرُه كُلُّه\" (^٢). في هذا الإِسنادِ ضَعفٌ، وفِى الأوَّلِ كِفايَةٌ.\nفأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٨١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى الَّذِى أرضَعَنى، وكانَ أحَدَ بَنى مُرَّةَ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: واللَّهِ لَكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَى جَعفَرِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ يَومَ مُؤتَةَ حينَ اقتَحَمَ عن فرَسِ له شَقراءَ فعَقَرَها، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٣).\nفَقَد أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِن قال قائل: فقَد رُوِى أن جَعفَرَ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ عَقَرَ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"نخلا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الحربى في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٩٩٢ - بجزئه الأول فقط من قول أبى رهم - والطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٣٢١)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١١١٥) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٦٣، وابن إسحاق في سيرته ص ٢٠٨، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٦٤١، ٣٤٢٣٥)، وأبو داود (٢٥٧٣). وحسنه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٤٣).","vol":"18","page":289},{"text":"الحَربِ. فلا أحفَظُ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ يَثبُتُ عِندَ الانفِرادِ، ولا أعلَمُه مَشهورًا عِندَ عَوامِّ أهلِ العِلمِ بالمَغازِى (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ: هذا الحديثُ لَيسَ بذَلِكَ القَوِىِّ، وقَد جاءَ فيه نَهىٌ كَثيرٌ عن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: الحُفّاظُ يَتَوَقَّونَ ما يَنفَرِدُ به ابنُ إسحاقَ، وإِن صَحَّ فلَعَلَّ جَعفَرًا لَم يَبلُغْه النَّهىُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3816>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في عَقرِ دابَّةِ مَن يُقاتِلُه في (^٣) حالِ القِتالِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد عَقَرَ حَنظَلَةُ بنُ الرّاهِبِ بأَبِى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربٍ يَومَ أُحُدٍ، فاكتَسَعَت (^٤) فرَسُه به، فسَقَطَ عَنها، فجَلَسَ على صَدرِه ليَذبَحَه، فرآه ابنُ شَعوبَ فرَجَعَ إلَيه يَعدو كأنَّه سَبُعٌ، فقَتَلَه واستَنقَذَ أبا سُفيانَ مِن تَحتِه. قال: فقالَ أبو سُفيانَ مِن بعدِ ذَلِكَ:\nفلَو شِئتُ نَجَّتنِى كُمَيتٌ رَجِيلَةٌ ولَم أحمِلِ النَّعماءَ لاِبنِ شَعوبِ وما زالَ مُهرِى مُزجَرَ الكَلبِ مِنهُمُ لَدَى غُدوَةٍ حَتَّى دَنَت لِغُروبِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٥٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٥٧٣).\n(^٣) ليس في: م.\n(^٤) اكتسعت: سقطت من ناحية مؤخرها. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"18","page":290},{"text":"[أُقاتِلُهُم طُرًّا وأَدعو] (^١) يالَ غالِبٍ وأَدفَعُهُم عَنِّى برُكنٍ صَليبِ.\n\n١٨١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ وغَيرِه في قِصَّةِ أُحُدٍ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ حَنظَلَةَ مَعَ أبى سُفيانَ، وما كان مِن مَعونَةِ ابنِ شَعوبَ أبا سُفيانَ وقَتلِه حَنظَلَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ العَقرَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أبياتَ أبى سُفيانَ بنَحوٍ مِمّا ذَكَرَهُنَّ الشّافِعِىُّ، وزادَ عَلَيهِنَّ، قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: واسمُ ابنِ شَعوبَ: شَدّادُ بنُ الأسوَدِ. كَذا قالَ.\nوقَد ذَكَرَ الواقِدِىُّ في هذه القِصَّةِ عَقرَه فرَسَه:\n\n١٨١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىُّ، عن شُيوخِه فذَكَروا قِصَّةَ حَنظَلَةَ قالوا: وأَخَذَ حَنظَلَةُ ابنُ أبى عامِرٍ سِلاحَه، فلَحِقَ برسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأُحُدٍ وهو يُسَوِّى الصُّفوفَ، فلَمّا انكَشَفَ المُشرِكونَ اعتَرَضَ حَنظَلَةُ لأبِى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربٍ، فضَرَبَ عُرقوبَ فرَسِه، فاكتَسَعَتِ الفَرَسُ، ويَقَعُ أبو سُفيانَ إلَى الأرضِ، فجَعَلَ يَصيحُ: يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ، أنا أبو سُفيانَ ابنُ حَربٍ. وحَنظَلَةُ يُريدُ ذَبحَه بالسَّيفِ، فأَسمَعَ الصَّوتُ رِجالًا لا يَلتَفِتونَ إلَيه في الهَزيمَةِ حَتَّى عايَنَه الأسوَدُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أقاتلهم أدعوهم\".\nوالأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤١٤)، وفى الأم ٤/ ٢٤٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٤٤٢ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"18","page":291},{"text":"ابنُ شَعوبَ، فحَمَلَ على حَنظلَةَ بالرُّمحِ فأَنفَذَه وهَرَبَ أبو سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٨١٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ اليَمامِىُّ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الحُدَيبيَةِ ورُجوعِهِم إلَى المَدينَةِ، قال: فبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ظَهرًا مَعَ رَباح غُلامِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: وخَرَجتُ مَعَه بفَرَسِ طَلحَةَ أُنَدّيه (^٢) مَعَ الظَّهرِ، فلَمّا أصبَحنا إذا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قَد أغارَ على ظَهرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فاستاقَه أجمَعَ وقَتَلَ راعيَه، فقُلتُ: يا رَباحُ، خُذْ هذا الفَرَسَ فأَبلِغْه طَلحَةَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، وأَخبِرْ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّ المُشرِكينَ قَد أغاروا على سَرحِه. قال: ثُمَّ قُمتُ على ثَنيَّةٍ فاستَقبَلتُ المَدينَةَ فنادَيتُ ثَلاثَةَ أصواتٍ: يا صَباحاه. قال: ثُمَّ خَرَجتُ في آثارِ القَومِ أرميهِم بالنَّبلِ وأَرتَجِزُ:\nأنا ابنُ الأكوَعِ ... واليَومُ يَومُ الرُّضَّعِ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) مغازى الواقدى ١/ ٢٧٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"أبديه\". وقال القاضى عياض: كذا رواه بالباء بعضهم عن ابن الحذاء، وكذا قاله ابن قتيبة، أي: أخرجه إلى البدو وأبرزه إلى موضع الكلأ، وكل شئ أظهرته فقد أبديته، ورواه سائرهم: \"أنديه\". بالنون والدال مشددة، وهو أن تورد الماشية الماء فتبقى قليلًا ثم ترد إلى الرعى ساعة ثم ترد إلى الماء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨١، وينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٤/ ١٣.\n(^٣) يوم الرضع: يوم هلاك اللئام، يقال: لئيم راضع: إذا كان يرضع اللبن من أخلاف إبله ولا يحلب لئلا يسمع صوت الحلب فيطلب منه اللبن. وقيل: معناه: اليوم يعرف من أرضعته كريمة فأنجبته أو لئيمة فهجنته، وقيل: معناه: اليوم يظهر من أرضعته الحرب من صغره. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٣.","vol":"18","page":292},{"text":"قال: فأَرمِى رَجُلًا فأَضَعُ السَّهمَ حَتَّى يَقَعُ في كَتِفِه، وقلتُ:\nخُذْها وَانا ابنُ الأكْوَعِ ... واليَومُ يَومُ الرُّضَّعِ\nقال: فواللَّهِ ما زِلتُ أرميهِم وأَعقِرُ بهِم، فإِذا رَجَعَ إلَىَّ فارِسٌ أتَيتُ شَجَرَةً فجَلَستُ في أصلِها فرَمَيتُه فعَقَرتُ به، فإِذا تَضايَقَ الجَبَلُ فدَخَلوا في مُتَضايِقٍ رَقِيتُ الجَبَلَ، ثُمَّ جَعَلتُ أُرَدّيهِم بالحِجارَةِ. قال: فما زِلتُ كَذَلِكَ أتَّبِعُهُم حَتَّى ما خَلَقَ اللهُ بَعيرًا مِن ظَهرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا جعَلتُه وراءَ ظَهرِى وخَلَّوا بَينِى وبَينَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: فما بَرِحتُ مَكانِي حَتَّى نَظَرتُ إلَى فوارِسِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَتَخَلَّلونَ الشَّجَرَ، وإِذا أوَّلُهُمُ الأخرَمُ الأسَدِىُّ، وعَلَى إثرِه أبو قَتادَةَ الأنصارِىُّ، وعَلَى إثرِه المِقدادُ بنُ الأسوَدِ الكِندِىُّ، فأَخَذتُ بعِنانِ فرَسِ الأخرَمِ قُلتُ: يا أخرَمُ، إنَّ القَومَ قَليلٌ، فاحذَرْهُم لا يَقتَطِعونَكَ حَتَّى يَلحَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه. فقالَ: يا سلمةُ إن كُنتَ تُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ، وتَعلَمُ أن الجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ والنَّارَ حَقٌّ، فلا تَحُلْ بَينِى وبَينَ الشَّهادَةِ. فخَلَّيتُه، فالتَقَى هو وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، فعَقَرَ الأخرَمُ بعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ فرَسَه وطَعَنَه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ فقَتَلَه، وتَحَوَّلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ على فرَسِه فلَحِقَ أبو قَتادَةَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فطَعَنَه فقَتَلَه، وعَقَرَ به عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، فتَحَوَّلَ أبو قَتادَةَ على فرَسِ الأخرَمِ وخَرَجوا هارِبينَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٩٩٩)، وأحمد (١٦٥٣٩)، وأبو داود (٢٧٥٢)، وابن حبان (٧١٧٣) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٠٧/ ١٣٢).","vol":"18","page":293},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3817>بابُ الأسيِر يوثَقُ</span>\n\n١٨١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - خَيلًا قِبَلَ نَجدٍ فجاءَت برَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى حَنيفَةَ يُقالُ له: ثُمامَةُ بنُ أُثالٍ، سَيِّدُ أهلِ اليَمامَةِ، فرَبَطوه بساريَةٍ مِن سَوارِى المَسجِدِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). قَد أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" بطولِه كما مَضى (^٢).\n\n١٨١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ مَكيثٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عبدَ اللهِ بنَ غالِبٍ اللَّيثِىَّ في سَريَّةٍ فكُنتُ فيهِم، فأَمَرَهُم أن يَشُنّوا الغارَةَ على بَنِي المُلَوِّحِ في الكَديدِ، فخَرَجنا حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بالكَديدِ لَقِينا الحارِثَ ابنَ البَرصاءِ اللَّيثىَّ فأَخَذناه، فقالَ: إنَّما جِئتُ أُريدُ الإسلامَ، وإِنَّما خَرَجتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقُلنا: إن تَكُ مُسلِمًا لَم يَضُرَّكَ رِباطُنا يَومًا ولَيلَةً، وإِن يَكُنْ (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٧٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٦٩)، ومسلم (١٧٦٤/ ٥٩). وتقدم في (٨٢١، ٤٣٨٦، ١٢٩٦٥، ١٨٠٨٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"تكن\".","vol":"18","page":294},{"text":"غَيرَ ذَلِكَ نَستَوثِقْ مِنكَ. فشَدَدناه وَثاقًا (^١).\n\n١٨١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى العباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، عن بَعضِ أهلِه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لما أمسَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ بَدرٍ والأسارَى مَحبوسونَ بالوَثاقِ باتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ساهِرًا أوَّلَ اللَّيلِ، فقالَ له أصحابُه: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما لَكَ لا تَنامُ؟ وقَد أسَرَ العباسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَمِعتُ أنينَ عَمِّى العباسِ في وثاقِه\". فأَطلَقوه فسَكَتَ، فنامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٨١٩٧ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أسعَدِ بنِ زُرارَةَ قال: قُدِمَ بالأُسارَى حينَ قُدِمَ بهِمُ المَدينَةَ وسَودَةُ بنتُ زَمعَةَ - ﵂ - زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - عِندَ آلِ عَفراءَ في مَناحِهِم (^٣) على عَوفٍ ومُعَوِّذٍ ابنَى عَفراءَ، وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يُضرَبَ عَلَيهِنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، دون ذكر أبى معمر عبد الله بن عمرو، وعبد الوارث. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٧٨) من طريق عبد الله بن عمرو به. وأحمد (١٥٨٤٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٧٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٤١. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٢٨٩ من طريق المصنف به. والفسوى في المعرفة والتاريخ ١/ ٥٠٦، وابن جرير في تاريخه ٢/ ٤٦٣ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وابن سعد في طبقاته ٤/ ١٢، ١٣ من طريق العباس بن عبد الله بن معبد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"مناخهم\".","vol":"18","page":295},{"text":"الحِجابُ، قالَت سَودَةُ: فواللهِ إنِّى لَعِندَهُم إذ أُتينا فقيلَ: هَؤُلاءِ الأُسارَى قَد أُتِيَ بهِم. فرَجَعتُ إلَى بَيتى ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيه، وإِذا أبو يَزيدَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو في ناحيَةِ الحُجرَةِ يَداه مَجموعَتانِ إلَى عُنُقِه بحَبلٍ، فواللهِ ما مَلَكتُ حينَ رأيتُ أبا يَزيدَ كَذَلِكَ أن قُلتُ: أي أبا يَزيدَ، أعطَيتُم بأَيديكُم! ألا مُتُّم كِرامًا؟! فما انتَبَهتُ (^١) إلا بقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ البَيتِ: \"يا سَودَةُ، أعَلَى اللهِ وعَلَى رسولِه؟! \". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، والَّذِى بعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما مَلَكَتُ حينَ رأيتُ أبا يَزيدَ مَجموعَةٌ يَداه إلَى عُنُقِه بالحَبلِ أن قُلتُ ما قُلتُ (^٢).\n\n١٨١٩٨ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيها بأَسيرٍ وعِندَها نِسوَةٌ، فلَهَّينَها عنه فذَهَبَ الأسيرُ، فجاءَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ؛ أينَ الأسيرُ؟ \". فقالَت: نِسوَةٌ كُنَّ عِندِى فلَهَّينَنى (^٣) فذَهَبَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَطَعَ اللهُ يَدَكِ\". وخَرَجَ فأَرسَلَ في إثرِه فجِئَ به، فدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وإِذا عائشَةُ - ﵂ - قَد أخرَجَت يَدَيها، فقالَ: \"ما لَكِ؟ \". قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"انتهيت\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٢. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٨٠) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٧٤).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"عنه\".","vol":"18","page":296},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّكَ دَعَوتَ علىَّ بقَطعِ يَدِى، وإِنِّى مُعَلِّقَة يَدِى أنتَظِرُ مَن يَقطَعُها. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أجُنِنتِ؟! \". ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيه وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ مَن كُنتُ دَعَوتُ عَلَيه فاجعَلْه له كَفّارَةً وطَهورًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3818>بابُ تَركِ قَتلِ مَن لا قِتالَ فيه مِنَ الرُّهبانِ والكَبيِر وغَيِرهِما</span>\n\n١٨١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ جُيوشًا إلَى الشّامِ، فخَرَجَ يَمشِى مَعَ يَزيدَ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ، وكانَ أميرَ رُبُعٍ مِن تِلكَ الأرباعِ، فزَعَموا أن يَزيدَ قال لأبِى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵁ -: إمّا أن تَركَبَ وِإمّا أن أنزِلَ. فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ -: ما أنتَ بنازِلٍ ولا أنا براكِبٍ، إنِّى أحتَسِبُ خطاى هذه في سَبيلِ اللهِ. ثُمَّ قال: إنَّكَ سَتَجِدُ قَومًا زَعَموا أنَّهُم حَبَسوا أنفُسَهُم للهِ، فذَرهُم وما زَعَموا أنَّهُم حَبَسوا أنفُسَهُم له، وسَتَجِدُ قَومًا فحَصوا عن أوساطِ رُءوسِهِم مِنَ الشَّعَرِ فاضرِبْ ما فحَصوا عنه بالسَّيفِ، وإِنِّى مُوصيكَ بعَشرٍ: لا تَقتُلَنَّ امرأةً، ولا صَبيًّا، ولا كَبيرًا هَرَمًا، ولا تَقطَعَنَّ شَجَرًا مُثمِرًا، ولا تُخَرِّبَنَّ عامِرًا، ولا تَعقِرَنَّ شاةً ولا بَعيرًا إلَّا لِمأكَلَةٍ، ولا تُحرِّقَنَّ نَحلًا (^٢) ولا تُغرِقَنَّه، ولا تَغلُلْ، ولا تَجبُنْ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٥٩) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. والواقدى في المغازى ٢/ ٥٥٤ من طريق ذكر أن به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦١٩: إسناده جيد.\n(^٢) في م: \"نخلا\".\n(^٣) تقدم مختصرًا في (١٨١٨٥).","vol":"18","page":297},{"text":"ورُوِّيناه في حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ كما مَضَى في مَسأَلَةِ التَّحريقِ (^١).\n\n١٨٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى مالكٍ الشّامِىِّ قال: جَهَّزَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ، بَعَثَه إلَى الشّامِ أميرًا، فمَشَى مَعَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى صالِحُ ابنُ كَيسانَ قال: لما بَعَثَ أبو بكرٍ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ إلَى الشّامِ على رُبُعٍ مِنَ الأرباعِ خَرَجَ أبو بكرٍ مَعَه يُوصيه، ويَزيدُ راكِبٌ وأبو بكرٍ يَمشِى، فقالَ يَزيدُ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ، إمّا أن تَركَبَ وإِمّا أن أنزِلَ. فقالَ: ما أنتَ بنازِلٍ وما أنا براكِبٍ، إنِّى أحتَسِبُ خُطاى هذه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، يا يَزيدُ، إنَّكُم سَتَقدَمونَ بلادًا تُؤتَونَ فيها بأَصنافٍ مِنَ الطعامِ، فسَمُّوا اللهَ على أوَّلِها واحمَدوه على آخِرِها، وِإنَّكُم سَتَجِدونَ أقوامًا قَد حَبَسوا أنفُسَهُم في هذه الصَّوامِعِ فاترُكوهُم وما حَبَسوا له أنفُسَهُم، وسَتَجِدونَ أقوامًا قَدِ اتَّخَذَ الشَّيطانُ على رُءوسِهِم مَقاعِدَ -يَعنى الشَّمامِسَةَ- فاضرِبوا تِلكَ الأعناقَ، ولا تَقتُلوا كَبيرًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم بطوله في (١٨١٨١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ٧٧ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"18","page":298},{"text":"هَرَمًا، ولا امرأةً، ولا وليدًا، ولا تُخَرِّبوا عُمرانًا، ولا تَقْطَعوا شَجَرَةً إلَّا لِنَفعٍ، ولا تَعقِرُنَّ بَهيمَةً إلَّا لِنَفعٍ، ولا تُحرِّقُنَّ نَحلًا (^١) ولا تُغرِقُنَّهَ، ولا تَغدِرْ، ولا تُمَثِّلْ، ولا تَجبُنْ، ولا تغْلُلْ، ولَيَنصُرَنَّ اللهُ مَن يَنصرُه ورُسُلَه بالغَيبِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزيزٌ، أستَودِعُكَ اللهَ وأُقرِئُكَ السَّلامَ. ثُمَّ انصرَفَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٠٢ - وبِإِسنادِه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وقالَ محد: هَل تَدرِى لِمَ فرَّقَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فأَمَرَ بقَتلِ الشَّمامِسَةِ ونَهَى عن قَتلِ الرُّهبانِ؟ فقُلتُ: لا أُراه إلَّا لِحَبسِ هَؤُلاءِ أنفُسَهُم. فقالَ: أجَل، ولَكِنَّ الشَّمامِسَةَ يَلقَونَ القِتالَ فيُقاتِلونَ، وإِنَّ الرُّهبانَ رأيُهُم (^٣) ألا يُقاتِلوا، وقَد قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ١٩٠].\n\n١٨٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أبى عِمرانَ الجَونِىِّ، أن أبا بكرٍ - ﵁ - بَعَثَ يَزيدَ بنَ أبى سُفيانَ إلَى الشّامِ فمَشَى مَعَه يُشَيِّعُه، قال يَزيدُ: إنِّى أكرَة أن تكونَ ماشيًا وأَنا راكِبٌ. قال: فقالَ: إنَّكَ خَرَجتَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ، وإِنِّى أحتَسِبُ في مَشيِى هذا مَعَكَ. ثُمَّ أوصاه فقالَ: لا تَقتُلوا صَبيًّا، ولا امرأةً، ولا شَيخًا كَبيرًا، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نخلا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٧٧، ٧٨ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير في تاريخه ٣/ ٤٠٥ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) في م: \"دأبهم\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٧٨ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"18","page":299},{"text":"مَريضًا، ولا راهِبًا، ولا تَقطَعوا مُثمِرًا، ولا تُخَرِّبوا عامِرًا، ولا تَذبَحوا بَعيرًا ولا بَقَرَةً إلَّا لمأكَلٍ، ولا تُغَرِّقوا نَحلًا (^١) ولا تُحرِّقوه.\nوقَد رُوِى في ذَلِكَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -:\n\n١٨٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ الفِزْرِ، حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"انطَلِقوا باسمِ اللَّهِ، وباللَّهِ، وعَلَى مِلَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ، لا تَقتُلوا شَيخًا فانيًا، ولا طِفلًا، ولا صَغيرًا، ولا امرأةً، ولا تَغُلّوا، وضُمّوا غَنائمَكُم، وأَصلِحوا وأَحسِنوا، إنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ المُحسِنينَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ الفَرّاءُ المِصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ ﵀، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى المَوتِ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ زُغبَةُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَبيبَةَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُصَينِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباس - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إذا بَعَثَ جَيشًا -وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"نخلا\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦١٤). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٣/ ٤٥٥ من طريق محمد بن بكر به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٦١).","vol":"18","page":300},{"text":"قال: عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان إذا بَعَثَ جُيوشَه- قال: \"اخرُجوا باسمِ اللَّهِ، تُقاتِلونَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ مَن كَفَرَ باللهِ، لا تَغدِروا، ولا تُمَثِّلوا، ولا تَغُلّوا، ولا تَقتُلوا الوِلدانَ، ولا أصحابَ الصَّوامِعِ\". ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ المِصرِىِّ قَولُه: \"ولا تَغُلّوا\". والباقِى مِثلُه (^١).\n\n١٨٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن عُمَرَ مَولَى عَنبَسَةَ القُرَشِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ ابنِ أبى طالِبٍ قال: كان نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ جَيشًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ إلَى المُشرِكينَ قال: \"انطَلِقوا باسمِ اللَّهِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"ولا تَقتُلوا وليدًا طِفلًا، ولا امرأةً، ولا شَيخًا كَبيرًا، ولا تُعَوِّرُنَّ (^٢) عَينًا، ولا تَعقِرُنَّ شَجَرًا إلَّا شَجَرًا يَمنَعُكُم قِتالًا أو يَحجِزُ بَينَكُم وبَينَ المُشرِكينَ، ولا تُمَثِّلوا بآدَمِىٍّ ولا بَهيمَةٍ، ولا تَغدِروا، ولا تَغُلّوا\". في هذا الإسنادِ إرسالٌ وضعفٌ، وهو بشَواهِدِه مَعَ ما فيه مِنَ الآثارِ يَقوَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٥٤٩)، والطبرانى (١١٥٦٢) من طريق ابن أبى أويس به. وأحمد (٢٧٢٨)، والبزار (٤٨٠٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن أبى حبيبة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣١٧: وفى رجال البزار إبراهيم بن إسماعيل بن أبى حبيبة، وثقه أحمد وضعفه الجمهور، وبقية رجال البزار رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في م: \"تغورن\".","vol":"18","page":301},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى [ابنُ صَفوانَ وعَطّافُ بنُ خالِدٍ] (^١)، عن خالِدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُشَيِّعًا لأهلِ مُؤتَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ثَنيَّةَ الوَداعِ، فوَقَفَ ووَقَفوا حَولَه فقالَ: \"اغزوا باسمِ اللهِ، فقاتِلوا عَدوَّ اللَّهِ وعَدوَّكُم بالشّامِ، وسَتَجِدونَ فيهِم رِجالًا في الصَّوامِعِ مُعتَزِلينَ مِنَ النّاسِ فلا تَعرِضوا لهم، وسَتَجِدونَ آخَرينَ لِلشَّيطانِ في رُءوسِم مَفاحِصُ فافلِقوها بالسُّيوفِ، ولا تَقتُلوا امرأةً، ولا صَغيرًا ضَرَعًا (^٢)، ولا كَبيرًا فانيًا، ولا تَقطَعُنَّ شَجَرَةً، ولا تَعقِرَّنَ نَخلًا، ولا تَهدِموا بَيتًا\" (^٣). وَهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ وضَعيفٌ.\n\n١٨٢٠٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ أبو زَكَريّا، حَدَّثَنِى المُغيَرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِىُّ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنِى المُرَقِّعُ ابنُ صَيفِىٍّ، عن جَدِّه رِياحِ (^٤) بنِ الرَّبيعِ أخِى حَنظَلَةَ الكاتِبِ أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّه خَرَجَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةٍ غَزاها وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ على مُقَدَّمَتِه، فمَرَّ رِياحٌ (^٤) وأَصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - على امرأةٍ مَقتولَةٍ مما أصابَته المُقَدِّمَةُ، فوَقَفوا\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ والمهذب ٧/ ٣٦٢١. وفى مصدرى الخريج: \"أبو صفوان\". قال ابن عساكر: أبو صفوان هو العطاف بن خالد بن عبد الله المخزومى. ا هـ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٣٨.\n(^٢) الضرع: الصغير السن، أو الذى لم يقو على المشى، أو النحيف الضاوى الجسم. ينظر التاج ٢١/ ٤٠٨ (ض ر ع).\n(^٣) مغازى الواقدى في ٢/ ٧٥٨، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٩.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"رباح\". وتقدم التعليق عليه في (١٨١٥٩). وينظر ما يأتى بعده.","vol":"18","page":302},{"text":"يَنظُرونَ إلَيها ويَعجَبونَ (^١) مِن خَلقِها، حَتَّى لَحِقَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على ناقَةٍ له. قال: ففَرَجوا عن المَرأَةِ فوَقَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَلَيها ثُمَّ قال: \"هاه (^٢)، ما كانَت هذه تُقاتِلُ\". قال: ثُمَّ نَظَرَ في وُجوه القَومِ فقالَ لأحَدِهِم: \"الحَقْ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ فلا يَقتُلَنَّ ذُرّيَّةً ولا عَسيفًا\" (^٣). قال البخارىُّ: رَباحُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ أصَحُّ، ومَن قال: رِياحٌ، فهو وهْمٌ. وكَذا قال أبو عيسَى (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ ووُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن قَتلِ الوُصَفاءِ والعُسَفاءِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٢١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال: اتَّقوا اللَّهَ في الفَلَّاحينَ فلا تَقتُلوهُم، إلَّا أن يَنصبوا لكم الحَربَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يتعجبون\".\n(^٢) في م: \"ها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٩٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٢٦)، وابن حبان (٤٧٨٩) من طريق المغيرة به. وتقدم في (١٨١٥٩).\n(^٤) الترمذى في العلل الكبير عقب (٤٧٢). وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣١٤.\n(^٥) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١٣٥). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٢٨) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٣٧٩)، وأحمد (١٥٤٢٠) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٦) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١٣٢). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٢٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٦٦٦) =","vol":"18","page":303},{"text":"١٨٢١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ الرّازِىُّ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كانوا لا يَقتُلونَ تُجّارَ المُشرِكينَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3819>بابُ [مَن رأى] (^٢) قَتْلَ مَن لا قِتالَ فيه مِنَ الكُفّارِ جائزًا، وإن كان الاشتِغالُ بغَيِره أولَى</span>\n\n١٨٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرٍو هو ابنُ حَمدانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ بَرّادٍ، حدثنا أبو اسامَة، عن بُرَيدٍ، عن (^٣) أبى بُردة بنِ أبى موسى، عن أبيه قال: لما فرَغَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن حُنَينٍ بَعَثَ أبا عامِرٍ على جَيشِ أوطاسٍ فلَقِى دُرَيدَ بنَ الصِّمَّةِ، فقُتِلَ دُرَيدٌ وهَزَمَ اللهُ أصحابَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال عن أبى موسَى: فلَمّا رَجَعتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - دَخَلتُ عَلَيه وهو في بَيتٍ على سَريرٍ مُرَمَّلٍ (^٤)، وعِندَه فِراشٌ، قَد أثَّر رِمالُ السَّريرِ بظَهرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وجَنبَيه، فأَخبَرتُه بخَبَرِى وخَبَرِ أبى عامِرٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n= من طريق يزيد بن أبى زياد به.\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١٣٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٦٧٧) من طريق عبد الرحيم به. وأبو يعلى (١٩١٧) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) مُرَمَّل: أي منسوج، والمراد أنه نُسج وجهه بالسعف. ينظر لسان العرب ١١/ ٢٩٤ (ر م ل).\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٥٢. وتقدم في (١٣٠٦٠، ١٨٠١٤).","vol":"18","page":304},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بَرّادٍ (^١)، وأَخرَجاه جَميعًا عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ في قِصَّةِ أوطاسٍ قال: فأَدرَكَ رَبيعَةُ بنُ رُفَيعٍ دُرَيدَ بنَ الصِّمَّةِ، فأَخَذَ بخِطامِ جَمَلِه وهو يَظُنُّ أنَّه امرأةٌ، وذَلِكَ أنَّه كان في شِجارٍ (^٣) له، فإِذا هو برَجُلٍ، فأَناخَ به فإِذا هو شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ، وإِذا هو دُرَيدٌ ولا يَعرِفُه الغُلامُ، فقالَ دُرَيدٌ: ماذا تُريدُ؟ قال: قَتْلَكَ. قال: ومَن أنت؟ قال: أنا (^٤) رَبيعَةُ بنُ رُفَيعٍ السُّلَمِىُّ. قال: ثُمَّ ضَرَبَه بسَيفِه فلَم يُغنِ شَيئًا. فقالَ دُرَدٌ: بئسَما سَلَّحَتكَ أُمُّكَ، خُذْ سَيفِى هذا مِن مُؤَخَّرِ الشِّجارِ، ثُمَّ اضرِبْ به وارفَعْ عن العِظامِ واخفِضْ عن الدِّماغِ، فإِنِّى كَذَلِكَ كُنتُ أقتُلُ الرِّجالَ. فقَتَلَه (^٥).\n\n١٨٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قُتِلَ يَومَ حُنَينٍ دُرَيدُ بنُ الصِّمَّةِ ابنَ خَمسينَ ومِائَةِ سنةٍ في شِجارٍ لا يَستَطيعُ الجُلوسَ، فذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - فلَم\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٤٩٨/ ١٦٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٨/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) الشِّجار: مركب للنساء دون الهودج مكشوف الرأس. غريب الحديث لابن قتية ٢/ ١٧٠.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ١٥٣، ١٥٤. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ٢٣٧ من طريق المصنف به. وأخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٢/ ٥٩ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.","vol":"18","page":305},{"text":"يُنكِرْ قَتلَه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقُتِلَ أعمى مِن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ بَعدَ الإسارِ، وَهَذا يَدُلُّ على قَتلِ مَن لا يُقاتِلُ مِنَ الرجالِ البالِغينَ إذا أبَى الإسلامَ والجِزيَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هو الزَّبيرُ بنُ باطا القُرَظِىُّ، قَد ذَكَرنا قِصَّتَه فيما مَضى (^٢).\n\n١٨٢١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُب قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"اقتُلوا شُيوخَ المُشرِكينَ واستَبقوا شَرخَهُم (^٣) \" (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَو جازَ أن يُعابَ قَتلُ مَن عَدا الرُّهبانَ، لمَعنَى أنَّهُم لا يُقاتِلونَ، لَم يُقتَلِ الأسيرُ ولا الجَريحُ المُثبَتُ (^٥)، وقَد ذُفِّفَ على الجَرحَى بحَضرَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، مِنهُم أبو جَهلِ ابنُ هِشامٍ ذَفَّفَ عَلَيه ابنُ مَسعودٍ وغَيرُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤١٥)، والأم ٤/ ٢٨٤، ٢٨٦.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٠٨٦).\n(^٣) قال الخطابى: الشرخ هاهنا جمع شارخ، وهو الحديث السن، يريد بهم الصبيان ومن لم يبلغ مبلغ الرجال، والشيوخ هاهنا: المسانّ، فإذا قيل: شرح الثاب. كان معناه أول الشباب. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٨١.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٦٧٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٣٠) من طريق هشيم به. والترمذى (١٥٨٣) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٧١).\n(^٥) المثبت: من لا حراك له من المرض. تاج العروس ٤/ ٤٧٣ (ث ب ت).\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"18","page":306},{"text":"١٨٢١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يَنظُرُ ما صَنَعَ أبو جَهلٍ؟ \". قال: فانطَلَقَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ فوَجَدَه قَد ضرَبَه ابنا عَفراءَ، فنَزَلَ فأَخَذَ بلِحيَتِه قال: أنتَ أبو جَهلٍ؟ قال: وهَل فوقَ رَجُلِ قَتَلتُموه، أو قَتَلَه قَومُه (^١)؟! أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُليمان التَّيمِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو وكيعٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: لما كان يَومُ بَدرٍ انتَهَيتُ إلَى أبى جَهلٍ وهو مَصروعٌ، فضرَبتُه بسَيفِى فما صَنَعَ شَيئًا، ونَدَرَ (^٣) سَيفُه فضرَبتُه، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ به النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - في يَومٍ حارٍّ كأنَّما أُقَلُّ (^٤) مِنَ الأرضِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هذا عَدوُّ اللهِ أبو جَهلٍ قَد قُتِلَ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"آللهِ لَقَد قُتِلَ؟ \". قُلتُ: آللهِ لَقَد قُتِلَ. قالَ: \"فانطَلِقْ بنا فأَرِناه\". فجاءَ فنَظَرَ إلَيه فقالَ: \"هذا كان فِرعَونَ هذه الأُمَّةِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٠٤)، وأبو يعلى (٤٠٦٣) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٩٦٢، ٤٠٢٠)، ومسلم (١٨٠٠/ ١١٨).\n(^٣) ندر: سقط. تاج العروس ١٤/ ١٩٣ (ن د ر).\n(^٤) أُقل. أُحْمَل من فوق الأرض. ينظر حاشية السندى على ابن ماجه ٤/ ٦١.\n(^٥) الطيالسى (٣٢٦)، ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٨٤٧٥). وأخرجه البزار في مسنده (١٨٦١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٠٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.","vol":"18","page":307},{"text":"كَذا قال: عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ. والمَحفوظُ: عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبيه. وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٨٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه كان مَعَ أبيه يَومَ اليَرموكِ، فلَمَّا انهَزَمَ المُشرِكونَ وحُمِلَ فجَعَلَ يُجيزُ على جَرحاهُم (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولا أعلمُ (^٣) يَثبُتُ عن أبى بكرٍ خِلافُ هذا، ولَو كان يَثبُتُ لَكانَ يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ أمَرَهُم بالجِدِّ (^٤) على قِتالِ مَن يُقاتِلُهُم ولا يَتَشاغَلوا بالمُقامِ على مَواضِعِ هَؤُلاءِ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما قال هذا؛ لأنَّ الرِّواياتِ التى ذَكَرناها عن أبى بكرٍ كُلَّها مَراسيلُ، إلَّا أنَّها رُويَت مِن أوجُهٍ، ورَواها ابنُ المُسَيبِ وهو حَسَنُ المُرسَلِ، وذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِىِّ عنه حَديثَ المُرَقِّعِ، ثُمَّ ضَعَّفَه بأَنَّ مُرَقِّعًا لَيسَ بالمَعروفِ، وذَكَرَ حَديثَ أيّوبَ عن رَجُلٍ عن أبيه، ثُمَّ قال: وهَذا كالَّذِى ذَكَرنا مِن قَبلِه مِنَ المَجهولِ. وأَمّا حَديثُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٠٦٨، ١٨٠٦٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ١٤٤ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"أعرف\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"بالحد\".\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٢٨٤.","vol":"18","page":308},{"text":"إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَبيبَةَ فلَم يَذكُرْه الشّافِعِىُّ، وهو أضعَفُ ممّا رَدَّه بالجَهالَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3820>بابُ أمانِ العَبدِ</span>\n\n١٨٢١٩ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ ابنِ يَحيَى الرّازِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذِمَّةُ المُسلِمينَ واحِدَةٌ يَسعَى بها أدناهُم، فمَن أخفَرَ مُسلِمًا فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه عَدلٌ ولا صَرفٌ، ومَن والَى مُؤمِنًا بغَيرِ إذنِ مَواليه فعَلَيه لَعنَةُ اللَّهِ والمَلائكَةِ والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ، لا يُقبَلُ مِنه عَدلٌ ولا صرفٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عنِ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضى حَديثُ قَيسِ بنِ عُبادٍ عن علىٍّ عن النبِىِّ - ﷺ -: \"المُؤمِنونَ تَكافأُ دِماؤُهُم، وهُم يَدٌ على مَن سواهُم، ويَسعَى بذِمَّتِهِم أدناهُم\" (^٣).\nومَضى ذَلِكَ أيضًا في حَديثِ عمرو بن شُعَيب عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٧٥). وتقدم في (١٠٠٤٢، ١٦٨٩٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٨٧٠)، ومسلم (١٣٧٠/ ٤٦٨).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٠٠٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٠١١).","vol":"18","page":309},{"text":"الفَضلِ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمزَة الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ. ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُجيرُ على أُمَّتِى أدناهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن فُضَيلِ (^٢) بنِ زَيدٍ قال: كُنّا مُصافِّى العَدوِّ. قال: فكَتَبَ عبدٌ في سَهمٍ أمانًا لِلمُشرِكينَ فرَماهُم به، فجاءوا فقالوا: قَد أمَّنتُمونا. قالوا: لَم نُؤمِّنْكُم، إنَّما أمَّنَكُم عبدٌ. فكَتَبوا فيه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ -، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّ العَبدَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وذِمَّتَه ذِمَّتُهُم. وأمَّنَهُم (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ ابنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن زيادِ ابنِ مُسلِمٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الهِندِ قَدِمَ بأَمانِ عبدٍ، ثُمَّ قَتَلَه رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ.\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٥٧٩) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبى حازم به، وقال: حسن غريب. وأحمد (٨٧٨٠)، والبزار في مسنده (٨١١١) من طريق كثير بن زيد به.\n(^٢) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفى الحاشية كلام غير واضح، ظهر منه قوله: \". . . فضيل بن زيد. . .\" والذى وجدناه في التعليق على هذا الاسم ما قاله ابن الملقن في البدر المنير ٩/ ١٧٧: فائدة: وقع في بعض نسخ الرافعى: فضل، وصوابه: فضل، بزيادة ياء كما قدمته، وكنيته أبو حسان. . . ووقع في \"المهذب\" -يعنى: للشيرازى- فضل بن يزيد؛ بإثبات الياء في يزيد وحذفها في فضل. . .\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٧٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٣٦)، وسعيد بن مصور (٢٦٠٨، ٢٦٠٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٥٠) من طريق عاصم الأحول به.","vol":"18","page":310},{"text":"قال: فبَعَثَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بديَتِه إلَى ورَثَتِهِ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِى في حَديثِ أهلِ البَيتِ ما:\n\n١٨٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داودَ ابنِ سُلَيمانَ الصوفىُّ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى علىٍّ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الأشعَثِ الكوفِىِّ بمِصرَ وأَنا أسمَعُ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ بنِ موسَى بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبى إسماعيلُ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه علىِّ ابنِ الحُسَينِ، عن أبيه الحُسَينِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن أبيه علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ لِلعَبدِ مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ شَئٌ إلَّا خُرثِىَّ المَتاعِ، وأَمانُه جائزٌ، [وأَمانُ المَرأَةِ جائزٌ إذا هِى أعطَتِ] (^٢) القَومَ الأمانَ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3821>بابُ أمانِ المَرأَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سُلَيمانَ داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ بخُسرَوْجِردَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، أنَّ أبا مُرَّةَ مَولَى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٨٢٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٨٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) في م: \"إذا هو أعطى\".\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٢٤: اتهم ابن الأشعث بالوضع.","vol":"18","page":311},{"text":"أُمِّ هانِئٍ بنتِ أبى طالِبٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أُمَّ هانِئٍ بنتَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: ذَهَبتُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ فوَجَدتُه يَغتَسِلُ وفاطِمَةُ ابنَتُه ﵍ تَستُرُه بثَوبٍ. قالَت: فسَلَّمتُ، فقالَ: \"مَن هذه؟ \". فقُلتُ: أُمُّ هانِئٍ بنتُ أبى طالِبٍ. فقالَ: \"مَرحَبًا بأُمِّ هانِئٍ\". فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن غُسلِه قامَ فصَلَّى ثَمانَ رَكَعاتٍ مُلتَحِفًا في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، زَعَمَ ابنُ أُمِّى علىُّ ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ أنَّه قاتِلٌ رَجُلًا أجَرتُه، فُلانَ بنَ هُبَيرَةَ. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد أجَرنا مَن أجَرتِ يا أُمَّ هانِئٍ\". قالَت أُمُّ هانئٍ: وذَلِكَ ضُحًى (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى، وفِى حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ فقُلتُ. والباقِى سَواءٌ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن أُمِّ هانِئٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: أجَرتُ حَمَوَينِ لى مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فدَخَلَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ فتَفَلَّتَ عَلَيهِما (^٣) ليَقتُلَهُما وقالَ: لِمَ تُجيرِى المُشرِكينَ؟ فقالَت: واللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم أوله في (١٨، ٩٦٩، ٩٧٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٠)، ومسلم (٣٣٦/ ٨٢).\n(^٣) أي: توثَّب إليهما وتَسَرَّع. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٧.","vol":"18","page":312},{"text":"لا تَقتُلُهُما حَتَّى تَبدأَ بى قَبلَهُما. فخَرَجَت وقالَت: أغلِقوا دونَه البابَ. وذَهَبَت إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرَته فقالَ: \"مما كان ذَلِك له، وقَد أمَّنّا مَن أمَّنتِ، وأَجَرنا مَن أجَرتِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ وأبو بكرٍ وأبو محمدٍ وأبو صادِقٍ قالوا. حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن كُرَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن أُمَّ هانِئٍ بنتَ أبى طالِبٍ حَدَّثَته أنَّها قالَت لِرسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: زَعَمَ أبنُ أُمِّى علىٌّ أنَّه قاتِلٌ مَن أجَرتُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد أجَرنا مَن أجَرتِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: إن كانَتِ المَرأَةُ لَتأخُذُ على المُسلِمينَ فيُجَوِّزونَ ذَلِكَ لَها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٩٢)، والترمذى عقب (١٥٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٨٤) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. قال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٢٤: إسناده صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٧٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٥٣، ٥٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٦٣) بزيادة، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٨٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٠١) دون الزيادة.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٣٧) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وتقدم نحوه في (١٦٨٩٦).","vol":"18","page":313},{"text":"١٨٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ جُبَيرٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن عِراكِ بنِ مالكٍ الغِفارِىِّ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، أن زَينَبَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أرسَلَ إلَيها زَوجُها أبو العاصِ ابنُ الرَّبيعِ أن خُذِى لِى أمانًا مِن أبيكِ. فخَرَجَت فأَطلَعَت رأسَها مِن بابِ حُجرَتِها والنَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - في صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ يُصَلِّى بالنّاسِ فقالَت: أيُّها النّاسُ أنا زَينَبُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وإِنِّى قَد أجَرتُ أبا العاصِ. فلَمّا فرَغَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِنَ الصَّلاةِ قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّى لَم أعلَمْ بهَذا حَتَّى سَمِعتُموه، ألا وِإنَّه يُجيرُ على المُسلِمينَ أدناهُم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ رُومانَ قال: لما دَخَلَ أبو العاصِ ابنُ الرَّبيعِ على زَينَبَ بنتِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - واستَجارَ بها خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا كَبَّرَ في الصَّلاةِ صَرَخَت زَينَبُ: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى قَد أجَرتُ أبا العاصِ ابنَ الرَّبيعِ. فلَمّا سَلَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن صَلاتِه قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، هَل سَمِعتُم ما\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٤٥. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٢٤٤) من طريق ابن وهب له. والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٤٢٥ (١٠٤٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٣٠: وفيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله ثقات.","vol":"18","page":314},{"text":"سَمِعتُ؟ \". قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"أما والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه ما عَلِمتُ بشَئ ممّا كان حَتَّى سَمِعتُ مِنه ما سَمِعتُم، إنَّه يُجيرُ على المُسلِمينَ أدناهُم\". ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على زَينَبَ فقالَ: \"أي بُنَيَّةُ، أكرِمِى مَثواه، ولا يَقرَبَنَّكِ، فإِنَّكِ لا تَحِلّينَ له، ولا يَحِلُّ لَكِ\" (^١). هَكَذا أخبرَنا به (^٢) في كِتابِ \"المغازى\" مُنقَطِعًا.\nوحَدَّثَنا به في كِتابِ \"المستدرك\" عن يَزيدَ بنِ رُومانَ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ قالَت: صرَخَت زَينَبُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن وائلِ بنِ داودَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ البَهِىِّ، عن زَينَبَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قُلتُ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّ أبا العاصِ ابنَ الرَّبيعِ إن قَرُبَ فابنُ عَمٍّ، وإِن بَعُدَ فأبو ولَدٍ، وإِنِّى قَد أجَرتُه. فأَجارَه (^٤) النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - (^٥).\nوقيلَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن زَينَبَ - ﵂ - قالَت لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٦). وهو مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٧/ ١٨ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وابن سعد في الطبقات ٨/ ٣٢، وهو في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٥٧، ٦٥٨ من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٤١٧٨).\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) في م: \"فأجازه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٧/ ١٩ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٦٧/ ١٩ من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٤٠) من طريق سفيان بن سعيد الثورى به.","vol":"18","page":315},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3822>بابُ كَيفَ الأمانُ</span>\n\n١٨٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: جاءَنا كِتابُ عُمَرَ: وإِذا حاصَرتُم قَصرًا فأَرادوكُم أن يَنزِلوا على حُكمِ اللهِ فلا تُنزِلوهُم؛ فإِنَّكُم لا تَدرونَ ما حُكمُ اللهِ فيهِم، ولَكِن أنزِلوهُم على حُكمِكُم، ثُمَّ اقضوا فيهِم ما أحبَبتُم، وإِذا قال الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: لا تَخَفْ. فقَد أمَّنَه، وإِذا قال: مَتَرْس (^١). فقَد أمَّنَه، وإِذا قال له أظُنُّه: لا تَدحَل (^٢). فقَد أمَّنَه؛ فإِنَ اللهَ يَعلَمُ الألسِنَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٣٢ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن الأعمَشِ فقالَ في آخِرِه: وإِذا قال: لا تَدْهَلْ. فقَد أمَّنَه؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ يَعلَمُ الألسِنَةَ. أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: جاءَ كِتابُ عُمَرَ ونَحنُ مُحاصِرونَ قَصرًا. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) قال العينى: لفظ \"مترس\" كلمة فارسية ومعناها: لا تخف. لأن لفظة \"م\" كلمة النفى عندهم، ولفظ \"ترس\" بمعنى الخوف عندهم، فإذا أرادوا أن يقولوا لواحد لا تخف يقولون بلسانهم: مترس. عمدة القارى ١٥/ ١٣٠. وينظر المعجم الذهبى ص ١٨٦.\n(^٢) في م: \"تدهل\". ولا تَدْحَل بالنبطية؛ أي: لا تخف. تهذيب اللغة ٢/ ٧٢. وقال المطرزى في المغرب ١/ ٢٨٣: لا تدحل، ويروى بالهاء؛ أي: لا تخف بالسريانية.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣٠). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٩٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٦٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٤٢٩)، وأبو بكر الشافعى في الغيلانيات (٨٨١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"18","page":316},{"text":"١٨٢٣٣ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ لَفظًا وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قِراءَةً عَلَيه قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ وزيادُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ، عن جُبَيَرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ قال: بَعَثَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - النّاسَ مِن أفناءِ (^١) الأمصارِ يُقاتِلونَ المُشرِكينَ. قال: فبَينَما عُمَرُ - ﵁ - كَذَلِكَ إذ أُتِى برَجُلٍ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ مِن أهلِ الأهوازِ قَد أُسِرَ، فلَمّا أُتِى به قال بَعضُ النّاسِ لِلهُرمُزانِ: أيَسُرُّكَ ألا تُقتَلَ؟ قال: نَعَم، وما هوَ؟ قال: إذا قَرَّبوكَ مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ فكَلَّمَكَ فقُل: إنِّى أفرَقُ أن أُكَلِّمَكَ (^٢). فإِن أرادَ قَتلَكَ فقُل: إنِّى في أمانٍ؛ إنَّكَ قُلتَ: لا تَفرَقْ. قال: فحَفِظَها الرَّجُلُ، فلَمّا أُتِى به عُمَرُ قال له في بَعضِ ما يُسائلُه عنه: إنِّى أفرَقُ. يَعنِى فقالَ: لا تَفرَقْ. قال: فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن كَلامِه ساءَلَه عَمّا شاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ قال له: إنِّى قاتِلُكَ. قال: فقالَ: قَد أمَّنتَنِى. فقالَ: ويحَكَ ما أمَّنتُكَ؟ قال: قُلتَ: لا تَفرَقْ. قال: صَدَقَ. إمّا لِى (^٣) فأَسلِمْ. قال: نَعَم. فأَسلَمَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أفناء: قيل: جماعات. وقيل: أخلاط لا تعرف لهم قبيلة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٩.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"فيقول: لا تفرق\".\n(^٣) كذا بالإمالة، وأصله: إن لا، و(ما) صلة. والمعنى إن لا يكن ذلك الأمر فافعل كذا. ينظر التاج ٤٠/ ٥٠٣ (ما). وتقدم في ١/ ٢٢٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٣١٥٩) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر الرقى بنحوه مطولًا دون موضع الشاهد. وابن حبان (٤٧٥٦) من طريق زياد بن جبير به. وسيأتى في (١٨٦٩٧).","vol":"18","page":317},{"text":"حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: حاصَرْنا تُستَرَ، فنَزَلَ الهُرمُزانُ على حُكمِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، فقَدِمتُ به على عُمَرَ، فلَمّا انتَهَينا إلَيه قال له عُمَرُ: تكلَّمْ. قال: كَلامَ حَىٍّ أو كَلامَ مَيِّتٍ؟ قال: تكَلَّمْ لا بأسَ. قال: إنّا وإيّاكُم مَعاشِرَ العَرَبِ ما خَلَّى اللهُ بَينَنا وبَينَكُم، كُنّا نَتَعَبَّدُكُم ونَقتُلُكُم ونَغصِبُكُم، فلَمّا كان اللهُ مَعَكُم لَم يَكُنْ لَنا يَدانِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: ما تَقولُ؟ فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، تَرَكتُ بَعدِى عَدوًّا كَثيرًا وشَوكَةً شَديدَةً، فإِن قَتَلتَه يأيَسُ القَومُ مِنَ الحَياةِ ويَكونُ أشَدَّ لِشَوكَتِهِم. فقالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -: أستَحيِى قاتِلَ البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ ومَجزأةَ ابنِ ثَورٍ؟ فلَمّا خَشِيتُ أن يَقتُلَه قُلتُ: لَيسَ إلَى قَتلِه سَبيلٌ؛ قَد قُلتَ له: تَكَلَّمْ لا بأسَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: ارتَشَيتَ وأَصَبتَ مِنه. فقالَ: واللهِ ما ارتَشَيتُ ولا أصَبتُ مِنه. قال: لَتأتيَنِّى على ما شَهِدتَ به بغَيرِكَ أو لأبدأنَّ بعُقوبَتِكَ. قال: فخَرَجتُ فلَقِيتُ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ - ﵁ - فشَهِدَ مَعِى، وأَمسَكَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ -، وأَسلَمَ -يَعنِى الهُرمُزانَ- وفَرَضَ لَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3823>بابُ نُزولِ أهلِ الحِصنِ أو بَعضِهِم على حُكمِ الإمامِ أو غَيِر الإمامِ إذا كان المَنزولُ على حُكمِه مأمونًا</span>\n\n١٨٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أنبأنِى سَعدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ ابنَ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى سعيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٢٨)، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٥١. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٧٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٥٩، ٣٤٣٨٨)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط (٦٦٧١) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى في (١٨٢٤٤).","vol":"18","page":318},{"text":"الخُدرِىِّ، أن أهلَ قُرَيظَةَ نَزَلوا على حُكمِ سَعدٍ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فجاءَ فقالَ: \"قوموا إلَى سَيِّدِكُم\". أو: \"خَيرِكُم\". فقَعَدَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ قَد نَزَلوا على حُكمِكَ\". قال: فإِنِّى أحكُمُ أن تُقتَلَ مُقاتِلَتُهُم (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ والحُسَينُ بنُ مَنصورٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أُصيبَ سَعدٌ يَومَ الخَندَقِ؛ رَماه رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ يُقالُ له حِبّانُ بنُ العَرِقَةِ، رَماه في الأكحَلِ، فضَرَبَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - خَيمَةً في المَسجِدِ ليَعودَه مِن قَريبٍ، فلَمّا رَجَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الخَندَقِ ووَضَعَ السِّلاحَ واغتَسَلَ، أتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ وهو يَنفُضُ رأسَه مِنَ الغُبارِ، فقالَ: قَد وضَعتَ السِّلاحَ؟! واللهِ ما وضَعْناها، اخرُجْ إلَيهِم. قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فأَينَ؟ \". قال: هاهنا. وأَشارَ إلَى بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ، فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَيهِم فنَزَلوا على حُكمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فرَدَّ الحُكمَ فيهِم إلَى سَعدٍ، قال: فإِنِّى أحكُمُ فيهِم أن تُقتَلَ المُقاتِلَةُ، وتُسبَى الذُّرّيَّةُ، وتُقسَمَ أموالُهُم. قال أبى: فأُخبِرتُ أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"لَقَد حَكَمتَ فيهِم بحُكمِ اللهِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٩٢٥). وأخرجه الطيالسى (٢٣٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (١٨٠٧٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٦٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٨/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) تقدم مختصرًا في (٦٦٦١).","vol":"18","page":319},{"text":"عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على جَيشٍ أوصاه بتَقوَى اللَّهِ في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه، وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَيرًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: \"وإِذا حاصَرتَ أهلَ حِصنٍ فأَرادوكَ أن تُنزِلَهم على حُكمِ اللهِ فلا تُنزِلْهم؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى أتُصيبُ حُكمَ اللَّهِ أم لا\" (^٢).\nزادَ فيه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ: \"ولَكِن أنزِلوهُم على حُكمِكُم، ثُمَّ اقضوا فيهِم بَعدُ ما شِئتُم\".\n\n١٨٢٣٨ - أخبرَناه أ بو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ. فدكرَه (^٣). اخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاق بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٦٣، ٤١٢٢)، ومسلم (١٧٦٩/ ٦٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٦٢)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١٤) مختصرًا، زمن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٧٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٣٠)، والترمذى (١٦١٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٥) من طريق سفيان بن سعيد الثورى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وسيأتى في (١٨٦٧١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦١٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٦٣) من طريق وكيع به.","vol":"18","page":320},{"text":"آدَمَ. وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ (^١).\nوروّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - في البابِ قَبلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3824>بابٌ: الكافرُ الحَربِىُّ يَقتُلُ مُسلِمًا ثُمَّ يُسلِمُ لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه قَوَدٌ</span>\n\n١٨٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا حُجَينُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الفَضلِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرٍو الضَّمرِىِّ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ الخِيارِ إلَى الشّامِ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا حِمصَ قال لِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: هَل لَكَ في وحشِىٍّ نَسأَلُه عن قَتلِ حَمزَ؟ وقالَ أبو داودَ في رِوايَتِه عن عبدِ العَزيزِ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الفَضلِ الهاشِمِىُّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عَدِىِّ بنِ الخِيارِ -كَذا في كِتابِى- قال: أقبَلنا مِنَ الرّومِ، فلَمّا قَرُبنا مِن حِمصَ قُلنا: لَو مَرَرنا بوَحشِىٍّ فسألناه عن قَتلِ حَمزَةَ. فلَقِيْنا رَجُلًا فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: هو رَجُلٌ قَد غَلَبت عَلَيه الخَمرُ، فإِن أدرَكتُماه وهو صاحٍ لَم تَسأَلاه عن شَئٍ إلَّا أخبَرَكما، وإِن أدرَكتُماه شارِبًا فلا تَسأَلاه. فانطَلَقنا حَتَّى انتَهَينا إلَيه قَد أُلقِى له شَئٌ على بابِه وهو جالِسٌ صاحٍ فقالَ: ابنُ الخِيارِ؟\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٢٣١).","vol":"18","page":321},{"text":"قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: ما رأيتُكَ مُنذُ حَمَلتُكَ إلَى أُمِّكَ بذِى طُوًى؛ إذ وضَعَتكَ فرأيتُ قَدَمَيكَ فعَرَفتُهُما. قال: قُلتُ: جِئناكَ نَسأَلُكَ عن قَتلِ حَمزَةَ. قال: سأحَدِّثُكُما كما حَدَّثتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ سألَنِى؛ كُنتُ عبدًا لآلِ مُطعِمٍ، فقالَ لِى ابنُ أخِى مُطعِمٍ: إن أنتَ قَتَلتَ حَمزَةَ بعَمِّى فأَنتَ حُرٌّ. فانطَلَقتُ يَومَ أُحُدٍ مَعِى حَربَتِى، وأَنا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ ألعَبُ بها لَعِبَهُم، فخَرَجتُ يَومَئذٍ ما أُريدُ أن أقتُلَ أحَدًا ولا أُقاتِلَه إلَّا حَمزَةَ، فخَرَجتُ فإِذا أنا بحَمزَةَ كأنَّه بَعيرٌ أورَقُ (^١)، ما يُرفَعُ له أحَدٌ إلَّا قَمَعَه (^٢) بالسَّيفِ، فهِبتُه، وبادَرَنِى إلَيه رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى ولَدِ سِباعٍ، فسَمِعتُ حَمزَةَ يقولُ: إلَىَّ يا ابنَ مُقَطِّعَةِ البُظورِ. فشَدَّ عَلَيه فقَتَلَه، وجَعَلتُ ألوذُ مِنه، فلُذتُ مِنه بشَجَرَةٍ ومَعِى حَربَتِى، حَتَّى إذا استَمكَنتُ مِنه هَزَزتُ الحَربَةَ حَتَّى رَضِيتُ مِنها، ثُمَّ أرسَلتُها فوَقَعَت بَينَ ثَندُوَتَيه (^٣)، ونَهَزَ (^٤) ليَقومَ فلَم يَستَطِعْ، فقَتَلتُه ثُمَّ أخَذتُ حَربَتِى، ما قَتَلتُ أحَدًا ولا قاتَلتُه، فلَمّا جِئتُ عَتَقتُ، فلَمّا قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أرَدتُ الهَرَبَ مِنه أُريدُ الشّامَ، فأَتانِى رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ويحَكَ يا وحشِىُّ، واللهِ ما يأتِى محمدًا أحَدٌ يَشهَدُ بشَهادَتِه إلَّا خَلَّى عنه. فانطَلَقتُ فما شَعَرَ بى إلَّا وأَنا واقِفٌ على رأسِه أشهَدُ بشَهادَةِ الحَقِّ فقالَ: \"أوَحشِىٌّ؟ \". قُلتُ: وحشِىٌّ. قال: \"ويحَكَ، حَدِّثْنى، عن قَتلِ حَمزَةَ\". فأَنشأْتُ أُحَدِّثُه كما حَدَّثتُكُما، فقالَ: \"ويحَكَ يا وحشِىُّ، غَيِّبْ\n_________\n(^١) أورق: يضرب لونه إلى الخضرة كلون الرماد. أو غبرة تضرب إلى السواد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٢) قمعه: قهره. اللسان ٨/ ٢٩٤ (ق م ع).\n(^٣) الثَّندوَتان للرجل كالثديين للمرأة. تهذيب اللغة ١٤/ ٦٤.\n(^٤) نهز: نهض. اللسان ٥/ ٤٢١ (ن هـ ز).","vol":"18","page":322},{"text":"عَنِّى وجهَكَ فلا أراكَ\". فكُنتُ أتَّقِى أن يَرانِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقَبَضَ اللهُ نَبيَّه - ﷺ -، فلَمّا كان مِن أمرِ مُسَيلِمَةَ ما كان، وابتُعِثَ (^١) إلَيه البَعثُ ابتُعِثتُ مَعَه، وأَخَذتُ حَربَتِى، فالتَقَينا فبادَرتُه أنا ورَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فرَبُّكَ أعلمُ أيُّنا قَتَلَه، فإِن كُنتُ (^٢) قَتَلتُه فقَد قَتَلتُ خَيرَ النّاسِ وشَرَّ الناسِ. قال سُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: كُنت في الجَيشِ يَومَئذٍ فسَمِعتُ قائلًا يقولُ في مُسَيلِمَةَ: قَتَلَه العَبدُ الأسوَدُ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، وحَديثُ حُجَينٍ بمَعناه يَزيدُ ويَنقُصُ، لَم يَذكُرْ حَديثَ الشُّربِ، ولا قَولَه: إن كُنتُ قَتَلتُه (^٣). وقَد أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن حُجَينِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وزَكَريّا بنُ داودَ الخَفّافُ قالوا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى يَعلَى بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَه يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن ناسًا مِن أهلِ الشِّركِ قَتَلوا فأَكثَروا، وزَنَوا فأَكثَروا، ثُمَّ أتَوا محمدًا - ﷺ - فقال (^٥): إنَّ الَّذِى تَقولُ وتَدعو إلَيه لَحَسَنٌ لَو تُخبِرُنا أنَّ لِما عَمِلنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وانبعث\".\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"أنا\".\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٤١٠)، وأحمد (١٦٠٧٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٠١٧) من طريق حجين بن المثنى به. والطبرانى (٢٩٤٧) من طريق عبد الله بن الفضل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٠٧٢).\n(^٥) في م: \"فقالوا\".","vol":"18","page":323},{"text":"كَفارَةً. فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ﴾ [الفرقان: ٦٨]،. ونَزَلَت: ﴿قُلْ يَاعِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآيَة (^١) [الزمر: ٥٣]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغَيرِه عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، أخبرَنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن ابنِ شُماسَةَ المَهرِىِّ قال: حَضَرْنا عمرَو بنَ العاصِ وهو في سياقَةِ المَوتِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأُبايِعَه على الإسلامِ فقُلتُ: ابسُطْ يَمينَكَ أُبايِعْكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فبَسَطَ يَدَه، فقَبَضتُ يَدِى فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يما عمرُو؟ \". قُلتُ: أرَدتُ أن أشتَرِطَ. قال: \"تَشتَرِطُ ماذا؟ \". قُلتُ: أشتَرِطُ أن يُغفَرَ لى. قال: \"أما عَلِمتَ يا عمرُو أن الإسلامَ يَهدِمُ ما كان قَبلَه؟ \". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧١٣٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٠١٥)، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (١٥٣٩٨) من طريق الحسن بن محمد الزعفرانى به. وأبو داود (٤٢٧٤) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٢/ ١٩٣)، والبخارى (٤٨١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٥١٥)، وأبو عوانة (٢٠٠)، وابن حبان في الثقات ٣/ ٢٦٦، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٦/ ١٩٤ من طريق أبى عاصم به. وأحمد (١٧٨٢٧) من طريق يزيد بن أبي حبيب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١/ ١٩٢).","vol":"18","page":324},{"text":"١٨٢٤٢ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ العباسِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الدَّغُولِىُّ، حدتنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: رُمِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ - ﵄ - بسَهمٍ يَومَ الطّائفِ، فانتَقَضَت به بَعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بأَربَعينَ لَيلَةً فماتَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً. قال: فقَدِمَ عَلَيه وفدُ ثَقيفَ، ولَم يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ السَّهمُ عِندَه، فأُخرِجَ إلَيهِم فقالَ: هَل يَعرِفُ هذا السَّهمَ مِنكُم أحَدٌ؟ فقالَ سعيدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أخو بَنِى العَجلانِ: هذا سَهمٌ أنا بَرَيتُه ورِشتُه وعَقَّبتُه (^١)، وأَنا رَمَيتُ بهِ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: فإِنَّ هذا السَّهمُ الَّذِى قَتَلَ عبدَ اللهِ ابنَ أبى بكرٍ، فالحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِى أكرَمَه بيَدِكَ، ولَم يُهِنكَ بيَدِه، فإِنَّه واسِعٌ (^٢) لَكُما (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٤٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن [عُمَرَ بنِ] (^٤) عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ قال: كان عُمَرُ يُصابُ بالمُصيبَةِ فيَقولُ: [أُصِبتُ بزَيدِ] (^٥) بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فصَبَرتُ.\n_________\n(^١) عقب السهم: لوى شيئًا منها عليها. التاج ٣/ ٣٩٨ (ع ق ب).\n(^٢) في م: \"أوسع\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٧٧، ٤٧٨. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٢٩: الهيثم متروك. وقال ابن حجر في الإصابة ٦/ ٤٥: وفيه الهيثم بن عدى، وهو واه.\n(^٤) ليس في: م. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٧١، والثقات لابن حبان ٥/ ١٤٧.\n(^٥) في م: \"أصيب زيد\".","vol":"18","page":325},{"text":"وأَبصرَ قاتِلَ أخيه زَيدٍ فقالَ له: ويحَكَ لَقَد قَتَلتَ لِى أخًا، ما هَبَّتِ الصَّبا (^١) إلَّا ذَكَرتُه (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، حدثنا أنَسٌ أن الهُرمُزانَ نَزَلَ على حُكمِ عُمَرَ فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا أنَسُ، أستَحي قاتِلَ البَراءِ بنِ مالكٍ ومَجزأةَ بنِ ثَورٍ؟ فأَسلَمَ وفَرَضَ لَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ علىُّ بنُ سَقرِ بنِ نَصرٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ في قِصَّةِ القُرّاءِ وقَتلِ حَرامِ بنِ مِلحانَ قال في آخِرِه: فلَمّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ إذا أبو طَلحَةَ يقولُ لِى: هَل لَكَ في قاتِلٍ لِحَرام؟ قُلتُ: ما بالُه؟! فعَلَ اللهُ به وفَعَلَ. قال: لا تَفعَلْ فقَد أسلَمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الصَّبا: ريح معروفة تقابل الدَّبور، سميت بذلك لأنها تستقبل البيت وكأنها تحن إليه. التاج ٣٨/ ٤٠٩ (ص ب و).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٢٧. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٥/ ١١٩، ١٢٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٨٠ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وتقدم مطولًا في (١٨٢٣٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٣١٨٨).","vol":"18","page":326},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3825>بابُ جَوازِ انفِرادِ الرَّجُلِ والرِّجالِ بالغَزوِ في بلادِ العَدوِّ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بجَوازِ التَّقَدُّمِ على الجَماعَةِ وإِن كان الأغلَبُ أنَّها سَتَقتُلُه.\n\n١٨٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أسلَمَ أبى عِمرانَ قال: غَزَونا المَدينَةَ -يُريدُ القُسطُنطينيَّةَ- وعَلَى الجَماعَةِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، والرّومُ مُلصِقو ظُهورِهِم بحائطِ المَدينَةِ، فحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ على العَدوِّ، فقالَ النّاسُ: مَه مَه، لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ! يُلقِى بيَدِه إلَى التَّهلُكَةِ! فقالَ أبو أيّوبَ: إنَّما أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ فينا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ، لما نَصَرَ اللهُ نَبيه وأَظهَرَ الإسلامَ قُلنا: هَلُمَّ نُقيمُ في أموالِنا ونُصلِحُها. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥]، فالإلقاءُ بأَيدينا إلَى التَّهلُكَةِ أن نُقيمَ في أموالِنا ونُصلِحَها ونَدَعَ الجِهادَ. قال أبو عِمرانَ: فلَم يَزَلْ أبو أيّوبَ يُجاهِدُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى دُفِنَ بالقُسطُنطينيَّةِ (^١).\nوقَد مَضى في هذا المَعنَى أحاديثُ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: قال رَجُلٌ لِلنَبِىِّ - ﷺ - يَومَ أُحُدٍ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥١٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٧٩٨٣).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٧٩٨١ - ١٧٩٨٧).","vol":"18","page":327},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن قُتِلتُ فأَينَ أنا؟ قال: \"في الجَنَّةِ\". فأَلقَى تَمَراتٍ كُنَّ في يَدِه، ثُمَّ قاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^١). وهَذا لَفظُ أحمدَ بنِ شَيبانَ. رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو، كِلاهُما عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ (^٣)، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بُسَيسَةَ عَينًا يَنظُرُ ما صَنَعَت عيرُ أبى سُفيانَ، فجاءَ وما في البَيتِ غَيرِى وغَيرُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: لا أدرِى ما استَثنَى بَعضَ نِسائِه. فحَدَّثَه الحديثَ قال: فخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فتَكَلَّمَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ لَنا طَلِبَةً (^٤)، فمَن كان ظَهرُه حاضِرًا فليَركَبْ معنا\". فَجَعَلَ رِجالٌ يَستأذِنونَ في ظُهرانِهِم في عُلوِ المَدينَةِ قال: \"لا إلَّا مَن كان ظَهرُه حاضِرًا\". فانطَلَقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه حَتَّى سَبَقوا المُشرِكينَ إلَى بَدرٍ، وجاءَ المُشرِكونَ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُقَدِّمَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم إلَى شيءٍ حَتَّى أكونَ أنا أُوذِنُه\". فدَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٤٣. وتقدم في (١٧٩٧٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٤٦)، ومسلم (١٨٩٩/ ١٤٣).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"بن سليمان\".\n(^٤) طَلِبة: شيئا نطلبه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٩.","vol":"18","page":328},{"text":"المُشرِكونَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قوموا إلَى جَنَّة عَرضُها السَّمَواتُ والأرضُ\".\nقال: يقولُ عُمَيرُ بنُ الحُمامِ الأنصارِىُّ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، جَنَّةٌ عَرضُها السَّمَواتُ والأرضُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: بَخٍ بَخٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما يَحمِلُكَ (^١) على قَولِكَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ؟ \". قال: لا واللهِ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إلَّا رَجاةَ (^٢) أن أكونَ مِن أهلِها. قال: \"فإِنَّكَ مِن أهلِها\". فاختَرَجَ (^٣) تَمَراتٍ مِن قَرَنِه فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ مِنهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قال: لَئن أنا حَييتُ حَتَّى آكُلَ تَمَراتِى هذه إنَّها لَحَياةٌ طَويلَةٌ. قال: فرَمَى بما كان مَعَه مِنَ التَّمرِ ثُمَّ قاتَلَهُم حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى النَّضرِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِهِما عن أبى النَّضرِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قال: لما التَقَى النّاسُ يَومَ بَدرٍ قال عَوفُ ابنُ عَفراءَ ابنُ الحارِثِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما يُضحِكُ الرَّبَّ ﵎ مِن عبدِهِ؟ قال: \"أن يَراه قَد غَمَسَ يَدَه في القِتالِ يُقاتِلُ حاسِرًا\". فنَزَعَ عَوفٌ دِرعَه ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حملك\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"رجاء\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فأخرج\". واخترج: أخرج. المحكم ٤/ ٣٧١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٩٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦١٨) من طريق أبى النضر هاشم بن القاسم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٠١/ ١٤٥).\n(^٦) ابن إسحاق -كما في سيرة ابن هشام ١/ ٦٢٧، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٧٣٠)، وابن جرير في تاريخه ٢/ ٤٤٨، ٤٤٩، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٥٢٥).","vol":"18","page":329},{"text":"١٨٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قَد بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ وخَبّابًا سَريَّةً، وبَعَثَ دِحيَةَ سَريَّةً وحدَه (^١).\n\n١٨٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ تَخَلَّفَ من أصحابِ بئرِ مَعونَةَ، فرأى الطَّيرَ عُكوفًا على مَقتلَةِ أصحابِه، فقالَ لِعَمرِو بن أمَيَّةَ: سأتَقَدَّمُ على هَؤُلاءِ العَدوِّ فيَقتُلونِى ولا أتَخَلَّفُ عن مَشهَدٍ قُتِلَ فيه أصحابُنا. ففَعَلَ فقُتِلَ، فرَجَعَ عمرُو بنُ أُمَيَّةَ فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ فيه قَولًا حَسَنًا، ويُقالُ: قال لِعَمرٍو: \"فهَلَّا تَقَدَّمتَ فقاتَلتَ حَتَّى تُقتَلَ؟ \" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ ورَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ سَريَّةً وحدَهُما، وبَعَثَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أُنَيسٍ سَريَّةً وحدَه (^٣).\nوقَد ذَكَرنا إسنادَهُما في هذا الكِتابِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ٢١٠، ٢١١ من طريق المصنف به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١١/ ٧ من طريق سعدان بن نصر به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٢٠٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣١)، والشافعى ٤/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٥٣.\n(^٤) سيأتى بعث عمرو بن أمية في (١٨٨١٨)، وتقدم بعث عبد الله بن أنيس في (٦٠٩١).","vol":"18","page":330},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3826>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَسرِقُ مِنَ المَغنَمِ وقَد حَضَرَ القِتالَ</span>\n\n١٨٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا جُبارَةُ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ تَميمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَيمونُ بنُ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن عبدًا مِن رَقيقِ الخُمُسِ سَرَقَ مِنَ الخُمُسِ، فرُفِعَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فلَم يَقطَعْه فقالَ: \"مالُ اللهِ سَرَقَ بَعضُه بَعضًا\" (^١).\nهذا إسنادّ فيه ضعفٌ، وقَد رُوِى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^٢).\nورُوّينا عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبِ أن رَجُلًا سَرَقَ مِغفَرًا مِنَ المَغنَمِ فلَم يَقطَعْه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3827>بابٌ: الغُلولُ قَليلُه وكثيُره حَرامٌ</span>\n\n١٨٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ المِصرِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٦٤٧. وتقدم في (١٧٣٨٣).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٣٨٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٣٨١).","vol":"18","page":331},{"text":"ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ أبى الغَيثِ مَولَى ابنِ مُطيعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى خَيبَرَ فلَم نَغنَمْ ذَهَبًا ولا فِضَّةً، إنَّما غَنِمنا المَتاعَ والأموالَ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفنا نَحوَ وادِى القُرَى ومَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عبدٌ أعطاه إيّاه رِفاعَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى ضُبَيبٍ، فبَينَما هو يَحُطُّ رَحلَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ أتاه سَهمٌ عائرٌ (^١) فأَصابَه فماتَ، فقالَ له النّاسُ: هَنيئًا له الجَنَّةُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَلَّا والًذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، إنَّ الشَّمْلَةَ التى غَلَّها يَومَ خَيبَرَ مِنَ المَغانِمِ لَم تُصِبْها المَقاسمُ لَتَشتَعِلُ عَلَيه نارًا\". فجاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بشِراكٍ (^٢) أو شراكَينِ، فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"شراكٌ مِن نارٍ -أو- شراكانِ مِن نارٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٥٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) العائر: هو الذى لا يُدرى من رماه، وهو أيضا الجائر عن قصده. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٦، وشرح السنة ١١/ ١١٧.\n(^٢) الشراك: السير الذى يكون في النعل على ظهر القدم. وفيه تنبيه على المعاقبة عليهما، وقد يكون المعاقبة بهما أنفسهما، فيعذب بهما وهما من نار، وقد يكون ذلك على أنهما سبب لعذاب النار. ينظر إكمال المعلم ١/ ٢٦٨، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٢/ ١٢٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣٣)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٥٩، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٧١١)، والنسائي (٣٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٥١). وسيأتى في (١٨٤٣٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١١٥/ ١٨٣)، والبخارى (٤٢٣٤، ٦٧٠٧).","vol":"18","page":332},{"text":"سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كان على ثَقَلِ (^١) النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له كِركِرَةُ، فماتَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هو في النّارِ\". فذَهَبوا يَنظُرونَ إلَيه، فوَجَدوا عَلَيه عَباءَةً قَد غَلَّها (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ أبو عمرٍو الغُدَانِىُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن سِماكٍ أبى زُمَيلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قال: لما كان يَومُ خَيبَرَ (^٤) قُتِلَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - -يَعنِى ناسًا- فقالوا: فُلانٌ شَهيدٌ وفُلانٌ شَهيدٌ. حَتَّى مَرّوا على رَجُلٍ فقالوا: فُلانٌ شَهيدٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَلَّا، إنِّى رأيتُه في النّارِ في عَباءَة غَلَّها. أو: بُردَةٍ غَلَّها\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا ابنَ الخطابِ، اذهَبْ فنادِ في النّاسِ: إنَّه لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا المُؤمِنونَ\". فخَرَجتُ فنادَيتُ في النّاسِ: إنَّه لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا المُؤمِنونَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الثقل: المتاع. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٩٣). وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٠٧٤).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"حنين\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣، ٣٢٨)، والترمذى (١٥٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٤٩، ٤٨٥٧) من طرق عن\nعكرمة بن عمار به.","vol":"18","page":333},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ العَطّارُ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ واللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن أبى عَمْرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال: توُفِّى رَجُلٌ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وِإنَّهُم ذَكَروا لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ لَهُم: \"صلّوا على صاحِبِكُم\". فتَغَيَّرَت وُجوهُ النّاسِ لِذَلِكَ، فزَعَمَ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ صاحِبَكُم قَد غَلَّ في سَبيلِ اللهِ\". ففَتَحنا مَتاعَه فوَجَدنا خَرَزاتٍ مِن خَرَزِ يَهودَ ما تُساوِى دِرهَمَينِ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ.\n\n١٨٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن أبى حَيّانَ التَّيمِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو زُرعَةَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١١٤/ ١٨٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٣١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٨) من طريق الليث به. وأبو داود (٢٧١٠)، والنسائي (١٩٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٨٥٣) من طرق عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٧٩).","vol":"18","page":334},{"text":"عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ قال: قامَ فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومًا فذَكَرَ الغُلولَ فعَظَّمَه وعَظَّمَ أمرَه، فقالَ: \"لا أُلفِيَنَّ أحَدَكُم يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه بَعيرٌ له رُغاءٌ (^١) يقولُ. يا رسولَ اللهِ أغِثْنِى، أقولُ: لا أملِكُ لَكَ شَيئًا قَد أبلَغتُكَ. لا أُلفيَنَّ [يَجِئُ أحَدُكُم] (^٢) يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه شاةٌ لَها ثغاءٌ (^٣) يقولُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أغِثْنِى، أقولُ: لا أملِكُ لَكَ شَيئًا قَد أبلَغتكَ. لا أُلفيَنَّ أحَدَكُم يَجِئُ يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه فرَسٌ لَها حَمحَمَةٌ (^٤) يقولُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أغِثْنِى، فأَقولُ: لا أملِكُ لَكَ شَيئًا قَد أبلَغتُكَ. لا أُلفيَنَّ يَجِئُ أحَدُكُم يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه نَفسٌ لَها صياحٌ يقولُ: يا رسول اللَّهِ أغِثْنِى، أقولُ: لا أملِك لَكَ شَيئًا قَد أبلَغتُكَ. لا أُلفيَنَّ يَجِئُ أحَدُكُم يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه صامِتٌ (^٥)، يقولُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أغِثْنِى، أَقولُ: لا أملِكُ لَكَ شيئًا قَد أبلَغتُكَ. لا أُلفيَنَّ يَجِئُ أحَدُكُم يَومَ القيامَةِ على رَقَبَتِه رِقاعٌ تَخفِقُ يقولُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أغِثْنِى، أقولُ: لا أملِكُ لَكَ شَيئًا قَد أبلَغتكَ\" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٧).\n\n١٨٢٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الرغاء: صوت البعير. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أحدكم يجئ\".\n(^٣) الثغاء: صوت الشاة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٤) الحمحمة: أول صهيل الفرس وابتداؤه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠٠.\n(^٥) الصامت: الذهب والفضة، خلاف الناطق وهو الحيوان. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٠٣)، ومسلم (١٨٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٨٤٨) من طريق أبى حيان يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٧) البخارى (٣٠٧٣).","vol":"18","page":335},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ إملاءً، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدِ بنِ حيّانَ، عن أبى زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: ذَكَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الغُلولَ فعَظَّمَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"ليَحذَرْ أحَدُكُم أن يَجِئَ يَومَ القيامَة ببَعيرٍ على عُنُقِه فيَقولَ: يا محمدُ أغِثْنِى. فأَقولَ: إنى لا أُغنِى عَنكَ شَيئًا، إنِّى قَد بَلَّغتُ. ويَجِئُ رَجُلٌ على عُنُقِه فرَسُ له حَمحَمَة فيَقولُ: يا محمدُ أغِثْنِى، فأَقولُ: إنى لا أُغنِى عَنكَ شَيئًا، إنى قَد بَلَّغتُ. ويَجِئُ الرَّجُلُ على عُنُقِه رِقاعٌ فيقولُ: يا محمدُ أغِثْنِى، فأَقولُ: لا أُغنِى عَنكَ شَيئًا، قَد بَلَّغتُ\" (^١). قال حَمّادٌ: وقَد سَمِعتُه مِن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، فجاءَ به نَحوًا مِن هَذا. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ الدارمىِّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ماتَ وهو بَرِئٌ مِن ثَلاثٍ؛ مِنَ الكبرِ والغُلولِ والدَّينِ، دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٠٧٩) عن إسماعيل بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢٦ من طريق أبى الوليد به. والترمذى (١٥٧٢) من طريق أبى عوانة دون ذكر معدان. وأحمد (٢٢٣٩٠) من طريق قتادة به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح الترمذى (١٢٧٨).","vol":"18","page":336},{"text":"قال أبو عيسَى: ورَواه سعيدٌ عن قَتادَةَ وقالَ: \"الكَنزِ\". بَدَلَ: \"الكِبرِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3828>باب: لا يُقطَعُ مَن غَلَّ في الغَنيمَةِ ولا يُحرَّقُ مَتاعُه، ومَن قال: يُحرَّقُ</span>\n\n١٨٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّهِ. وابنُ عَجلانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- لما قَفَلَ مِن غَزوَةِ حُنَينٍ رَهِقَه النّاسُ (^٢) يَسأَلونَه، فحاصَت (^٣) به النّاقَةُ فخَطَفَت رِداءَه شَجَرَةٌ فقالَ: \"رُدّوا عليَّ رِدائى، أتَخشَونَ عليَّ البُخلَ؟! واللَّهِ لَوأفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم نَعَمًا مِثلَ سَمُرِ تِهامَةَ لَقَسَمتُها بَينَكُم، ثُمَّ لا تَجِدونِى (^٤) بَخيلًا ولا جَبانًا ولا كَذّابًا\". ثُمَّ أخَذَ وبَرَةً مِن وبَرِ سَنامِ بَعيرٍ فرَفَعَها وقالَ: \"ما لِى مِمّا أفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم ولا مِثلُ هذه إلَّا الخُمُسُ، والخُمُسُ مَردود عَلَيكُم\". فلَمّا كان عِندَ قَسمِ الخُمُسِ أتاه رَجُلٌ يَستَحِلُّه خِياطًا أو مَخيطًا، فقالَ: \"رُدّوا الخِياطَ والمَخيطَ، فإِنَّ الغُلولَ عارٌ\n_________\n(^١) الترمذى (١٥٧٣). وقال: ورواية سعيد أصح. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٢٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٤١٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٤) من طريق سعيد به. وتقدم في (١١٠٦٨). وقال الألبانى في ضعيف الترمذى (٢٧٠): شاذ بهذه اللفظة.\n(^٢) رهقه الناس: غشُوه. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ٣٨٠ (ر هـ ق).\n(^٣) حاص: مال ملتجئا إلى ملجأ. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٩٩.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"لا تجدوننى\".","vol":"18","page":337},{"text":"ونارٌ وشَنارٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَوذَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عامِرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵁- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أصابَ غَنيمَةً أمَرَ بلالًا فنادَى في الناسِ، فيَجيئونَ بغَنائمِهِم فيُخَمِّسُها ويَقسِمُها، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بزِمامٍ مِن شَعَرٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هذا فيما كُنّا أصَبناه مِنَ الغَنيمَةِ. قال: \"أسَمِعتَ بلالًا نادَى ثَلاثًا؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما مَنَعَكَ أن تَجِئَ بهِ؟ \". قال: فاعتَذَرَ. قال: \"كُنْ أنتَ تَجِئُ به يَومَ القيامَةِ، فلَن أقبَلَه مِنكَ\" (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَى في البابِ قَبلَه حَديثُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو في كِركِرَةَ، ولَم يُذكَرْ في شَئٍ مِن هذه الرواياتِ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بتَحريقِ مَتاعِ الغالِّ (^٣).\nوفِى ذَلِكَ دَليلٌ على ضَعفِ ما:\n\n١٨٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ بَحرٍ البَرِّئُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٣٠٥، ١٣٣٠٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٨٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٢٧، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٤٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٢٥٤).","vol":"18","page":338},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- أحرَقوا مَتاعَ الغالِّ ومَنَعوه سَهمَه وضَرَبوه (^١).\nهَكَذا رَواه غَيرُ واحِدٍ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ. وقَد قيلَ عنه مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٨٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ عُتبَةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ نَجدَةَ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ قَولَه. لَم يَذكُرْ عبدُ الوَهّابِ منْعَ سَهمِهِ (^٢). ويُقالُ: إنَ زُهَيرًا هذا مَجهولٌ ولَيسَ بالمَكِّىِّ.\nوأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٨٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زائدَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ مَسلَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ أرضَ الرّومِ، فأُتِيَ برَجُل قَد غَلَّ، فسألَ سالِمًا عنه فقالَ: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وجَدتُمُ الرَّجُلَ قَد غَل فأَحرِقوا مَتاعَه واضرِبوه\". قال: فوَجَدنا في مَتاعِه مُصحَفًا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٣٠، ١٣١. وأخرجه ابن الجارود (١٠٨٢) من طريق على بن بحر به. وأبو داود (٢٧١٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٢٧١٥).","vol":"18","page":339},{"text":"فسُئلَ سالِمٌ عنه فقالَ: بعْه وتَصَدَّقْ بثَمَنِهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ سعيدٍ. فهَذا ضعيفٌ.\n\n١٨٢٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ الأنطاكِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ عن (^٢) صالِحِ ابنِ محمدٍ قال: غَزَونا مَعَ الوَليدِ بنِ هِشامٍ ومعنا سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وعُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، فغَلَّ رَجُلٌ مَتاعًا، فأَمَرَ الوَليدُ بمَتاعِه فأُحرِقَ، وطيفَ به، ولَم يُعطِه سَهمَه.\nقالَ أبو داودَ: وهَذا أصَحُّ الحديثينِ، رَواه غَيرُ واحِدٍ أن الوَليدَ بنَ هِشامٍ حَرَّقَ رَحلَ [زيادِ سَعدٍ] (^٣) -وكانَ قَد غَلَّ- وضَرَبَه (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زائدَةَ أبو واقِدٍ اللَّيثِيُّ المَدَنِىُّ تَرَكَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، يَروِى عن سالِمٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ رَفَعَه: \"مَن غَل فأَحرِقوا مَتاعَه\". وقَد رَوَى ابنُ عباسٍ عن عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٧، ١٢٨، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٢٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٧١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤)، والترمذى (١٤٦١) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به.\n(^٢) ليس في الأصل، وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\"، وضبب على لفظة \"إسحاق\" وكتب في الحاشية: \"كأنه والله أعلم عن صالح\"، وفى المهذب ٧/ ٣٦٣٥ كالمثبت. وينظر السنن الصغرى (٤٥١٨)، والمعرفة (٥٤٣٨)، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ١٦٧.\n(^٣) في م: \"سعد بن زياد\". وضبب عليها في الأصل، وفى أبى داود: \"زياد بن سعد\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧١٤). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٨١).","vol":"18","page":340},{"text":"في الغُلولِ ولَم يُحرِقْ. قال البخارىُّ: وعِليَةُ أصحابِنا يَحتَجّونَ بهَذا في الغُلوِلِ، وهَذا باطِلٌ لَيسَ بشَئٍ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ يقولُ: صالِحُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زائدَةَ لَيسَ حَديثُه بذاكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3829>بابُ إقامَةِ الحُدودِ في أرضِ الحَربِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىّ ﵀: قَد أقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الحَدَّ بالمَدينَةِ والشِّركُ قَريبٌ مِنها، وفيها شِركٌ كَثيرٌ موادَعونَ، وضرَبَ الشّارِبَ بحُنَينٍ والشِّركُ قَريبٌ مِنه.\n\n١٨٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ القِرْميسينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكُهَيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا رَوح، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أزهَرَ الزُّهرِىّ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ حُنَينٍ يَتَخَلَّلُ النّاسَ يَسأَلُ عن مَنزِلِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، وأُتِيَ بسَكرانٍ فأَمَرَ مَن كان عِندَه فضَرَبوه بما كان في أيديهِم، وحَثا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَلَيه مِنَ التُّرابِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير للبخارى ٤/ ٢٩١.\n(^٢) تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٣/ ١٨١ (٨٠٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٦٠٠ - ١٧٦٠٢).","vol":"18","page":341},{"text":"١٨٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، أظنه عن الواقِدِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه في قِصَّةِ خَيبَرَ وما أُخرِجَ مِن حِصنِ الصَّعبِ بنِ مُعاذٍ قال: وزِقاقُ (^١) خَمرٍ فأُهَريقَت، وعَمَدَ يَومَئذٍ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فشَرِبَ مِن ذَلِكَ الخَمرِ، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فكَرِهَ حينَ رُفِعَ إلَيه، فخَفَقَه بنَعلِه، وأَمَرَ مَن حَضَرَه فخَفَقوه بنِعالِهِم، وكانَ يُقالُ له: عبدُ اللهِ الحِمارُ، وكانَ رَجُلًا لا يَصبِرُ عن الشَّرابِ، فضَرَبَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِرارًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: اللَّهُتَم العَنْه؛ ما أكثَرَ ما يُضرَبُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَفعَلْ يا عُمَرُ؛ فإِنَّه يُحِبُّ اللهَ ورسولَه\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، حَدَّثَنِي مَنصورٌ، عن أبى يَزيدَ غَيلانَ مَولَى كِنانَةَ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ الحَبَشِىِّ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعدِ يكَرِبَ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ قال: حدثنا عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ وعِندَه أبو الدَّرداءِ -﵁-، أن نَبِئَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى إلَى بَعيرٍ مِنَ المَقسَمِ، فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن صَلاتِه أخَذَ مِنه قَرَدَةً (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) زِقاق: جمع زِق؛ كل وعاء اتخذ للشراب وغيره. التاج ٢٥/ ٤٠٨ (ز ق ق).\n(^٢) مغازى الواقدى ٢/ ٦٦٤، ٦٦٥.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"القرَدَة بالفح في القاف والراء نُفاية الصوف أو الوبر وما تمعط من ذلك ونحوه، والله أعلم\".","vol":"18","page":342},{"text":"بَينَ إصبَعَيه وهِى في وبَرَةٍ فقالَ: \"ألا إنَّ هذا مِن غَنائمِكم ولَيسَ لِى (^١) مِنه إلَّا الخمُسُ، والخمُسُ مَردودٌ عَلَيكُم، فأَدّوا الخَيطَ والمَخيطَ وأَصغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وأَكبَرَ؛ فإِنَّ الغُلولَ عارٌ على أهلِه في الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ، وجاهِدوا النّاسَ في اللَّهِ؛ القَريبَ مِنْهُم والبَعيدَ، ولا يأخُذْكُم في اللهِ لَومَه لائمٍ، وأَقيموا حُدودَ اللَهِ في السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ، وعَلَيكُم بالجِهادِ؛ فإِنَّه بابٌ مِن أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ عَظيمٌ يُنَجِّى اللهُ به مِنَ الهَمِّ والغَمِّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٦٩ - رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعدِ يكَرِبَ، أنَّه جَلَسَ مَعَ عُبادَةَ وأَبِى الدَّرداءِ والحارِثِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الكِندِىِّ، فتَذاكَروا الحديثَ عن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- في الأخماسِ، فقالَ عُبادَةُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صلَّى بهِم في غَزوَةٍ إلَى بَعيرٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه، وقالَ فيه: \"وأَقيموا حُدودَ اللَّهِ في السَّفَرِ والحَضَرِ\". أخبرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ المُستَفاضِ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عائذٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاش، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٧٠ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن هِشامِ بنِ خالِدٍ الدَّمَشقِىِّ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٨٦)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٥٩، ٣٦٠. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ١٧٦، والضياء في المختارة (٣٣٥) من طريق محمد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى في مسند الشاميين (١٥٠٢) من طريق محمد بن عائذ به. وأحمد (٢٢٦٨٠، ٢٢٦٩٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٣٨: رواه أحمد وفيه أبو بكر ابن أبى مريم، وهو ضعيف.","vol":"18","page":343},{"text":"عن الحَسَنِ بنِ يَحيَى الخُشَنِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"أقيموا الحُدودَ في الحَضَرِ والسَّفَرِ، على القَريبِ والبَعيدِ، ولا تُبالوا في اللَّهِ لَومَةَ لائمٍ\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو على اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورُوِى ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ.\n\n١٨٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضل القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ ابنُ نَجد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن كَهمَسٍ، عن هارونَ بنِ الأصَمِّ قال: بَعَثَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ في جَيشٍ، فبَعَثَ خالِدٌ ضِرارَ بنَ الأزوَرِ في سَريَّةٍ في خَيلٍ، فأَغاروا على حَىٍّ مِن بَنى أسَدٍ، فأَصابوا امرأةً عَروسًا جَميلَةً، فأَعجَبَت ضِرارًا، فسألَها أصحابَه، فأَعطَوها إيّاه، فوَقَعَ عَلَيها، فلَمّا قَفَلَ نَدِمَ وسُقِطَ في يَدِه، فلَمّا رُفِعَ (^٢) إلَى خالِدٍ أخبَرَه بالَّذِى فعَلَ، قال خالِدٌ: فإِنِّي قَد أجَزتُها لَكَ، وطيَّبتُها لَكَ. قال: لا، حَتَّى تكتُبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ. فكَتَب عُمَرُ أنِ: ارضخْه بالحِجارَةِ. فجاءَ كِتابُ عُمَرَ وقَد توُفِّي، فقالَ: ما كان اللَّهُ ليُخزِى ضِرارَ بنَ الأزوَرِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٢٤١).\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"دفع\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٤/ ٣٨٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"18","page":344},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3830>بابُ مَن زَعَمَ: لا تُقامُ الحُدودُ في أرضِ الحَربِ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ</span>\n\n١٨٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الزُوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَيوَةُ، عن عَيّاشِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- القِتبانِيِّ، عن شِيَيمِ بنِ بَيْتانَ ويَزيدَ بنِ صُبحٍ الأصبَحِىِّ، عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ قال: كُنا مَعَ بُسرِ بنِ أبى أرطاةَ في البحرِ فأُتِيَ بسارِقٍ يُقالُ له مِصدَر، قَد سَرَقَ بُختيَّةً (^١)، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تُقطَعُ الأيدِى في السَّفَرِ\". ولَولا ذَلِكَ لَقَطَعتُه (^٢).\nهذا إسنادٌ شامِيٌّ، وكانَ يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ يقولُ: أهلُ المَدينَةِ يُنكِرونَ أن يَكونَ بُسرُ بنُ أبى (^٣) أرطاةَ سَمِعَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وقالَ يَحيَى: بُسرُ بنُ أبى أرطاةَ رَجُلُ سَوءٍ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ، عن يحيَى بنِ معينٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما قال ذَلِكَ يَحيَى لِما ظَهَرَ مِن سوءِ فِعلِه في قِتالِ أهلِ الحَرَّةِ وغَيرِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البختية: الأنثى من الجمال البخت، وهى جمال طوال الأعناق. واللفظة معربة. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٠١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٢٧)، والترمذى (١٤٥٠) من طريق عياش بن عباس به. وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٠٨).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٤) تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٤٤٨ (٥٢٣٦)، ٣/ ١٥٢ (٦٤٣).","vol":"18","page":345},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: قال أبو يوسُفَ: حدثنا بَعضُ أشياخِنا، عن مَكحولٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه قال: لا تُقامُ الحُدودُ في دارِ الحَربِ مَخافَةَ أن يَلحَقَ أهلُها بالعَدوِّ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، أن عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ الأنصارِيِّ وإِلَى عُمّالِه ألا يُقيموا حَدًّا على أحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ في أرضِ الحَربِ حَتَّى يَخرُجوا إلَى أرضِ المُصالَحَةِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ما رُوِى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ مُستَنكَرٌ، وهو يَعيبُ أن يَحتَجَّ بحَديثٍ غَيرِ ثابِتٍ ويَقولُ: حدثنا شَيخٌ. ومَن هذا الشيخُ؟ ويَقولُ: مَكحولٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ. ومَكحولٌ لَم يَرَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وقَولُه: يَلحَقُ بالمُشرِكينَ. فإِن لَحِقَ بهِم فهو أشقَى له، ومَن تَرَكَ الحَدَّ خَوفَ أن يَلحَقَ المَحدودُ ببِلادِ المُشرِكينَ -تَرَكَه في سَواحِلِ المُسلِمينَ ومَسالِحِهِمُ (^٣) التى تاتَصِلُ (^٤) ببِلادِ الحَربِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الرّازِيُّ خَتَنُ سلمةَ بنِ الفَضلِ الأنصارِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣٩). والشافعى ٧/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٣٩). والشافعى ٧/ ٣٥٤.\n(^٣) المسالح: القوم يحرسون مكان الخوف. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١١٢. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٧.\n(^٤) في س: \"تتصل\". وهما بمعنى. وينظر ما تقدم عقب (٩٩١٣).\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ٣٥٥.","vol":"18","page":346},{"text":"حدئنا سَلَمَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبى رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه وعن يَحيَى بنِ عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه قال: شَرِبَ عبدُ بنُ الأزوَرِ وضِرارُ بنُ الخطابِ (^١) وأبو جَندَلِ ابنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو بالشّامِ، فأُتِيَ بهِم أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، قال أبو جَندَلٍ: واللَّهِ ما شَرِبتُها إلَّا على تأويلٍ أنِّى سَمِعتُ اللهَ يقولُ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٣]. فكَتَبَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- بأَمرِهِم، فقالَ عبدُ بنُ الأزوَرِ: إنَّه قَد حَضرَ لَنا عَدوُّنا، فإِن رأيتَ أن تُؤَخِّرَنا إلَى أن نَلقَى عَدوَّنا غَدًا، فإِنِ اللَّهُ أكرَمَنا بالشَّهادَةِ كَفاكَ ذاكَ ولَم تُقِمْنا على خِزايَةٍ، وإِن نَرجِعْ نَظَرتَ إلَى ما أمَرَكَ به صاحِبُكَ فأَمضيتَه. قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: فنَعَم. فلَمّا التَقَى النّاسُ قُتِلَ عبدُ بنُ الأزوَرِ شَهيدًا، فرَجَعَ الكِتابُ؛ كِتابُ عُمَرَ: إنَّ الَّذِى أوقَعَ أبا جَندَلٍ في الخَطيئَةِ قَد تَهَيّأ له فيها بالحُجَّةِ، وإِذا أتاكَ كِتابِى هذا فأَقِمْ عَلَيهِم حَدَّهُم، والسَّلامُ. [فدَعا بهِما] (^٢) أبو عُبَيدَةَ فحَدَّهُما، وأبو جَندَلٍ له شَرَفٌ ولأبيه، فكانَ يُحَدِّثُ نَفسَه حَتَّى قيلَ: إنَّه قَد وسوَسَ. فكَتَبَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵄-: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنِّي قَد ضَرَبتُ أبا جَندَلٍ حَدَّه، وإِنَّه قَد حَدَّثَ نَفسَه حَتَّى قَد خَشِينا عَلَيه أنَّه قَد هَلَكَ. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَى أبى جَندَلٍ: أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ الَّذِى أوقَعَكَ في\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الأزور\"، وكتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"فدعاهما\".","vol":"18","page":347},{"text":"الخَطيئَةِ قَد خَزَنَ (^١) عَلَيكَ التَوبَةَ، بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ ﴿حم (١) تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (٢) غَافِرِ الذَّنْبِ وَقَابِلِ التَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ الْعِقَابِ ذِي الطَّوْلِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ [غافر: ١ - ٣]، فلمّا قرا كِتابَ عُمَرَ ذَهَبَ عنه ما كان به كأنَما أُنشِطَ مِن عِقالٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ قال: كان اللَّيثُ يَرَى أن يُقيمَ الحَدَّ في أرضِ الرّومِ؛ لأنَ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَمَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَنْ تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا﴾ (^٣) [المائدة: ٤١].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3831>بابُ بَيعِ الدِّرهَمِ بالدِّرهَمَيِن في أرضِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبِرنِي أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَقارٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ في قِصَّةِ حَجَّةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال في خُطبَتِه: \"ألا وإِنَّ كُلَّ شَئ مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ تَحتَ قَدَمَىَّ، ورِبا الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضوعٌ، وأَوَّلُ رِبًا أضَعُه رِبا العباسِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فإِنَه مَوضوعٌ كُلُه\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حزن\". وخزن: أى منع وحبس. ينظر التاج ٣٤/ ٤٨٨ (خ ز ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ٣٠٣ من طريق الحاكم وأبى بكر القاضى به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأوسط لابن المنذر ١٠/ ٢٠٨ (٣٣١١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٤٤) من طريق الحسن بن سفيان وهشام بن عمار به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٥٦٢).","vol":"18","page":348},{"text":"كما مَضَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3832>بابُ دُعاءِ مَن لَم تَبلُغه الدَّعوَةُ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ وُجوبًا ودُعاءِ مَن بَلَغَته نَظَرًا</span>\nقَد مَضَى في هذا حَديثُ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيبٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، كان إذا بَعَثَ سَريَّةً قال: \"إذا لَقِيتَ عَدوَّكَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فادعُهُم إلَى إحدَى ثلاثِ خِصالٍ (^٢). ومَضَى حَديثُ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ: \"إذا أتَيتَهُم فادعُهُم إلَى أن يَشهَدوا أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأَنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٧٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حازِمٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ \"سَهلَ بنَ سَعدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ يَومَ خَيبَرَ: \"لأُعطيَنَّ الرّايَةَ رَجُلًا يَفتَحُ اللهُ على يَدَيه\". فباتَ النّاسُ يَذكُرونَ (^٤) أيُّهُم يُعطاها، فلَمّا أصبَحَ النّاسُ غَدَوا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، كُلُّهُم يَرجوا أن يُعطاها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أينَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالب؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، هو يَشتَكِى عَينَه. فأَرسَلَ إلَيه فبَصَقَ في عَينِه ودَعا له، فبَرأ مَكانَه حَتَّى لَكأنَّه لَم يَكُنْ به شَئٌ، فأَعطاه الرّايَةَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنُقاتِلُهُم حَتَّى يَكونوا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ٤٧)، وتقدم في (١٠٥٦٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٨٢٢، ١٨٠٠٧)، وسيأتى في (١٨٦٦٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٧٣٥٢، ١٣٢٥٦، ١٣٢٦٤).\n(^٤) في م: \"يدوكون\"، وفى حاشية ص ٨: \"يدوكون: اْى يخوضون\".","vol":"18","page":349},{"text":"مِثلَنا؟ قال: \"على رِسلِكَ، انفُذْ حَتَّى تَنزِلَ بساحَتِهِم، ثُمَّ ادعُهُم إلَى الإِسلامِ وأَخبِرهُم بما يَجِبُ عَلَيهِم فيه مِنَ الحَقِّ، فواللَّهِ لأن يَهدِى اللهُ بكَ الرَّجُلَ الواحِدَ خَيرٌ لَكَ مِن حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى يَعنِى الذُّهلِيَّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قالا: حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَهضمِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبى، حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى كِسرَى وقَيصَرَ وإِلَى كُلِّ جَبّارٍ يَدعوهُم إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سفيانُ الثورِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطبَرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويوسُفُ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القضاء والقدر (١٠٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٦١) من طريق عد العزيز بن أبى حازم به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٢١) من طريق أبى حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٠١)، ومسلم (٢٤٠٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٥٥)، والترمذى (٢٧١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٤٧) من طرق عن قتادة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٧٤).","vol":"18","page":350},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ما قاتَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَومًا قَطّ حَتَّى يَدعوَهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو موسَى بنُ عيسَى بنِ المُنذِرِ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُقاتِلُ بنُ حَيّانَ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن أُبَى بنِ كَعبِ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بأُسارَى مِنَ اللَّاتِ والعُزَّى. قال: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"هَل دَعَوتُموهُم (^٢) إلَى الإِسلامِ؟ \". فقالوا: لا. فقال (^٣) لَهُم: \"هَل دَعَوكُم إلَى الإِسلامِ؟ \". فقالوا: لا. قال: \"خَلُّوا سَبيلَهُم حَتَّى يَبلُغوا مأمَنَهُم\". ثُمَّ قرأَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هاتَينِ الآيَتَينِ: ﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا (٤٥) وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا﴾ [الأحزاب: ٤٥، ٤٦]، ﴿وَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ لِأُنْذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَنْ بَلَغَ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَشْهَدُونَ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^٤) [الأنعام: ١٩].\nرَوح بنُ مُسافِرٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠٥)، وعبد بن حميد (٦٩٧)، وأبو يعلى (٢٥٩١)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٠٧، والطبرانى (١١٢٧٠) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٣٠٤: رواه أحمد وأبو يعلى والطبرانى بأسانيد، ورجال أحدها رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"دعوهم \".\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"فقالوا\". وضبب عليها.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحارث بن أبى أسامة (٦٣٦ - بغية) من طريق الربيع بن أنس عن أبى العالية به. وعزاه الشوطى في الدر المنثور ٦/ ٢٩ إلى أبى الشيخ.\n(^٥) روح بن مسافر، أبو بشر البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٣١٠، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٤٩٦، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٩٩، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦١، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٤٦٧، ٧/ ١٤.","vol":"18","page":351},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3833>بابُ جَوازِ تَركِ دُعاءِ مَن بَلَغَته الدَّعوَةُ</span>\n\n١٨٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ بمَروَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ حاتِمٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى نافِعٍ أسأَلُه عن الدُّعاءِ -يَعنِى في القِتالِ- فكَتَبَ: إنَما كان ذَلِكَ في أوَّلِ الإِسلامِ، قَد أغارَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على بَنى المُصطَلِقِ وهُم غارّونَ وأَنعامُهُم تُسقَى على الماءِ، فقَتَلَ مُقاتِلَتَهُم وسَبَى سَبيَهُم، وأَصابَ يَومَئذٍ جوَيريَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى بذَلِكَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، وكانَ في ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ على، حدثنا ابنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا عِكرِمَةُ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ ابنِ الأكوَعِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبى قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- وأَمَّرَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عَلَينا في غَزوَةٍ، فلَمّا دَنَونا أمَرَنا أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فعَرَّسنا، فلَمّا صَلَّينا الصُّبحَ أمَرَنا أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فشَنَنّا الغارَةَ، فوَرَدنا الماءَ فقَتَلنا مَن قَتَلنا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). أَخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٩٤٠، ١٨٠٢٩، ١٨٠٧٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٤١)، ومسلم (١٧٣٠)، وتقدم في (١٧٩٤٠، ١٨٠٢٩، ١٨٠٧٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٩٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٠٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٠، ٢٨٤٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٦٠) من طريق عكرمة به.","vol":"18","page":352},{"text":"عَمّارٍ (^١).\nوالأحاديثُ التى مَضت في جَوازِ التَّبييتِ دَليلٌ في هذه المَسأَلَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3834>بابُ الاحتياطِ في التَّبييتِ والإِغارَةِ لِئَلَّا يُصيبَ مُسلِميَن بجَهالَةٍ</span>\n\n١٨٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُغِيرُ عِندَ الصَّبّاحِ فيَستَمِعُ، فإِن سَمِعَ أذانًا أمسَكَ وإِلَّا أغارَ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن حُمَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا غَزا قَومًا لَم يُغِرْ حَتَّى يُصبحَ، فإِن سَمِعَ أذانًا أمسَكَ، وإِن لَم يَسمَعْ أذانًا أغارَ بَعدَ ما أصبَحَ (^٥). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبى إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٥٥).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٨١٥١).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢١٤٦). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٩٢٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٨٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٧٤٥) من طرق عن حميد به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٩٤٣).","vol":"18","page":353},{"text":"١٨٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ يُقالُ له ابنُ عِصامٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان إذا بَعَثَ سَريَّةً قال: \"إذا سَمِعتُم مُؤَذِّنًا أو رأيتُم مَسجِدًا فلا تَقتُلوا أحَدًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3835>بابُ النَّهي عن السَّفَرِ بالقُرآنِ إلَى أرضِ العَدوِّ</span>\n\n١٨٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النفرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُسافَرَ بالقُرآنِ إلَى أرضِ العَدوِّ. قال مالكٌ: أُراه مَخافَةَ أن يَنالَه العَدوُّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه. لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَ مالكٍ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِى، ورَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧١٤)، وأبو داود (٢٦٣٥)، والترمذى (١٥٤٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٣١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وسيأتى في (١٨٦٦٤). وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٦٥).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٤٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٥٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧٩)، وابن حبان (٤٧١٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦١٠) عن القعنبى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٤٢) من طريق يحيي بن يحيى به.","vol":"18","page":354},{"text":"عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^١).\n\n١٨٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُسافَرَ بالقُرآنِ إلَى أرضِ العَدوِّ مَخافَةَ أن يَنالَه العَدوُّ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَرب عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3836>بابُ حَملِ السِّلاحِ إلَى أرضِ العَدوِّ</span>\n\n١٨٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبى، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن ذِى الجَوشَنِ -رَجُلٍ مِنَ الضِّبابِ- قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بَعدَ أن فرَغَ مِن أهلِ بَدرٍ بابنِ فرَسٍ لِي يُقالُ لَها القَرحاءُ، فقُلتُ: يا محمدُ، إنِّى جِئتُكَ بابنِ القَرحاءِ لِتَتَّخِذَه. قال: \"لا حاجَةَ لِى فيه، وِإن شِئتَ أن أُقيضكَ به المُختارَةَ مِن دُروعِ بَدرٍ فعَلتُ\". قُلتُ: ما كُنتُ أُقيضه اليَومَ بغُرَّةٍ (^٤). قال:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٩٩٠)، ومسلم (١٨٦٩/ ٩٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٠٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٠٧) عن ابن علية به. وعبد بن حميد (٧٦٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٩٠٦، ١٩٠٩) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٦٩/ عقب ٩٤).\n(^٤) غُرَّة: بضم الميم وتشديد الراء؛ أى فرس. والمعنى: أنه لا يرضى مقايضته بفرس، فكيف يرضى بما هو دونه وهو الدرع. وقد يقصد بالغرة: النفيس من كل شئ. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٤٨.","vol":"18","page":355},{"text":"\"فلا حاجَةَ لِى فيه\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَولُه: \"أُقيضَكَ\" مِنَ المُقايَضةِ وهِى المُبادَلَةُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3837>بابُ ما أحرَزَه المُشرِكونَ على المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٨٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: أسَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا مِن بَنى عُقَيلٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وأُخِذَت ناقَةُ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- تِلكَ وسُبيَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكانَتِ الناقَةُ أُصيبَت قَبلَها، فكانَت تكونُ معهم (^٢)، وكانوا يَجيئونَ بالنَّعَمِ إلَيهِم. قال: فانفَلَتَت ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ مِنَ الوَثاقِ فأَتَتِ الإِبِلَ، فجَعَلَت كُلَّما أتَت بَعيرًا رَغا (^٣) حَتَّى أتَت تِلكَ النّاقَةَ فشَنَقَتها (^٤) فلَم تَرغُ، وهِى ناقَة هَدِرَةٌ (^٥)، فقَعدَت في عَجُزِها، ثُمَّ صاحَت بها\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٦٥) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩٤).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل، وحاشية ص ٨: \"فيهم\".\n(^٣) رغا: أى صوَّت وضجَّ. ينظر التاج ٣٨/ ١٦٨ (ر غ و).\n(^٤) شنق البعير: جذب خطامه وكفه بزمامه، أو مده بالزمام حتى رفع رأسه وهو راكبه. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ٥٢٩ (ش ن ق).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"هذرة\"، وفى حاشية الأصل، وحاشية ص ٨: \"مدربة\".=","vol":"18","page":356},{"text":"فانطَلَقَت، فطُلِبَت مِن لَيلَتِها فلَم يُقدَرْ عَلَيها، فجَعَلَت للهِ عَلَيها إنِ اللَّهُ أنجاها عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها، فلَمّا قَدِمَت عَرَفوا النّاقَةَ، فقالوا: ناقَةُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَت: إنَّها قَد جَعَلَت للهِ عَلَيها إن أنجاها اللَّهُ عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها. قالوا: لا واللَّهِ لا تَنحَريها (^١) حَتَّى نُؤذِنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فأَتَوه فأَخبَروه: إن فُلانَةَ قَد جاءَت على ناقَتِكَ، وإِنَّها جَعَلَت للهِ عَلَيها إن أنجاها اللَّهُ عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"سُبحانَ اللَّهِ، بئسَما جَزَتها، إنِ اللَّهُ أنجاها عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها، لا وفاءَ لِنَذرٍ في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ، ولا وفاءَ لِنَذرٍ فيما لا يَملِك العَبدُ. أو قال: ابنُ آدَمَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ قال: كانَتِ العَضباءُ لِرَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عُقَيلٍ، وكانَت مِن سَوابِقِ الحاجِّ، فأُسِرَ الرَّجُلُ وأُخِذَتِ العَضباءُ. قال: فمَرَّ به النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- وهو في وَثاقٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ إلَى أن قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ الرَّجُلَ فُدِى بالرَّجُلَينِ، وحَبَسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- العَضباءَ لِرَحلِه، ثُمَّ إنَّ المُشرِكينَ أغاروا على سَرحِ المَدينَةِ فذَهَبوا به، وكانَتِ العَضباءُ في ذَلِكَ السَّرحِ،\n_________\n= والهدرة: شديدة الصوت. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ٤١٣ (هـ د ر).\n(^١) في س، م: \"تنحرنها\".\n(^٢) الشافعى ٧/ ٦٨.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٤١).","vol":"18","page":357},{"text":"وأَسَروا امرأةً مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قِصَّةِ انفِلاتِها (^١) بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ الثَّقَفِى (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٨٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن قَومًا أغاروا فأَصابوا امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ وناقَةً لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فكانَتِ المَرأَةُ والناقَةُ عِندَهُم، ثُمَّ انفَلَتَتِ المَرأَةُ فرَكِبَتِ النّاقَةَ فأَتَتِ المَدينَةَ، فعُرِفَت ناقَةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَت: إنِّى نَذَرَت لَئن نَجّانِي اللهُ عَلَيها لأنحَرَنَّها. فمَنَعوها أن تَنحَرَها حَتَّى يَذكُروا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"بئسَما جَزَيتِها إن نَجّاكِ اللهُ عَلَيها أن تَنحَريها، لا نَذرَ في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ\". وقالا مَعًا أو أحَدُهُما في الحديثِ: وأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ناقَتَه. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقَد أخَذَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ناقَتَه بَعدَما أحرَزَها المُشرِكونَ وأَحرَزَتها الأنصاريَّةُ على المُشرِكينَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ على بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"انقلابها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ١٨٨، ١٨٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٦٣)، وأبو داود (٣٣١٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به ..\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٤١).\n(^٤) الشافعى ٧/ ٦٨. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٥٦٨)، والنسائي (٣٨٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢١٢٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":358},{"text":"عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى رُوبا (^١)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ لُوَيْنٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن غَلامًا (^٢) لَهُم أبَقَ إلَى العَدوِّ، ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ المُسلِمونَ عَلَيه، فرَدَّه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- ولَم يكُنْ قَسَمَ (^٣). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن صالِحِ ابنِ سُهَيلٍ عن يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٨٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن غُلامًا له لَحِقَ بالعَدوِّ على فرَسٍ له، فظَهَرَ عَلَيهِما خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ -﵁- فرَدَّهُما عَلَيه (^٥). كَذا قال أبو مُعاويَةَ.\nوقَد بَيَّنَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ما كان مِنه على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وما كان بَعدَه:\n\n١٨٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ المَعنَى قالا: حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البِسطامِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"روما\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عاملا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٤ من طريق محمد بن سليمان به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٦٩٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٤٧).\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٨٩).","vol":"18","page":359},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ يَعنى محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِع- عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: ذَهَبَت فرَسٌ له فأَخَذَها العَدوُّ، فظَهَرَ عَلَيهِمُ المُسلِمونَ، فرُدَّت عَلَيه في زَمَنِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: وأَبَقَ عبدٌ له فلَحِقَ بالرّومِ، فظَهَرَ عَلَيه المُسلِمونَ، فرَدَّه عَلَيه خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ بَعدَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٨٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان على فرَسٍ له يَومَ لَقِى المُسلِمونَ طَيِّئًا وأَسَدًا، وأَميرُ المُسلِمينَ خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، بَعَثَه أبو بكرٍ فاقتَحَمَ الفَرَسُ بعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ عُمَرَ جُرفًا فصرَعَه، وسَقَطَ عبدُ اللَّهِ فعارَ الفَرَسُ (^٣) فأَخَذَه العَدوُّ، فلَمَا هَزَمَ اللهُ العَدوَّ رَدَّ خالِدٌ على عبدِ اللَّهِ فرَسَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٩٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٤٥) عن الحسن بن سفيان به. وابن ماجه (٢٨٤٧) من طريق عبد الله بن نمير به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٦٧).\n(^٣) عار الفرس: فعل مثل حمار الوحش في النفار والفرار. وقيل معناه: انطلق وذهب على وجهه. ينظر المنتقى شرح الموطأ ٤/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٤) البخارى (٣٠٦٩).","vol":"18","page":360},{"text":"فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ العَبدُ هو الَّذِى رُدَّ عَلَيه في عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، والفَرَسُ بَعدَه؛ ليَكونَ موافِقًا لِرِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ، ثُمَّ رِوايَةِ موسَى بنِ عُقبَهَ هذه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، ولَيسَ في شَئٍ مِنَ الرِّواياتِ أمرُ القِسمَةِ، ولَعَلَّه في رِوايَةِ يَحيَى مِن قَولِ بَعضِ الرّواةِ دونَ ابنِ عُمَرَ.\n\n١٨٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَخرَمَةَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه -لا أحفَظُ عَمَّن رَواه- أن أبا بكرٍ الصدّيقَ قال فيما أحرَزَ العَدوُّ مِن أموالِ المُسلِمينَ مِمّا غَلَبوا عَلَيه أو أبَقَ إلَيهِم ثُمَّ أحرَزَه المُسلِمونَ: مالكُوه أحَقُّ به قبلَ القَسْمِ وبَعدَه (^١).\n\n١٨٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن زائدَةَ، عن الرُّكَينِ ابنِ الرَّبيعِ الفَزارِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: أصابَ المُشرِكونَ فرَسًا لَهُم زَمَنَ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ كانوا أحرَزوه، فأَصابَه مُسلِمونَ زَمَنَ سَعدٍ، فكَلَّمناه فرَدَّه عَلَينا بَعدَما قُسِمَ وصارَ في خُمُسِ الإمارَةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٤٥٠). والشافعي ٤/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو إسحاق الفزارى في سيرته (١٢١)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ١٩٣ من طريق زائدة به.","vol":"18","page":361},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3838>بابُ مَن فرَّقَ بَيَن وُجودِه قبلَ القَسْمِ وبَيَن وُجودِه بَعدَه، وما جاءَ فيما اشتِرُى مِن أيدِى العَدوِّ</span>\n\n١٨٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ الزَّرّادِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَى وجَدتُ بَعيرِى في المَغنَمِ كان أخَذَه المُشرِكونَ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"انطَلِقْ، فإِن وجَدتَ بَعيرَكَ قبلَ أن يُقسَمَ فخُذْه، وِإن وجَدتَه قَد قُسِمَ فأَنت أحَق به بالثَّمَنِ إن أرَدتَه\" (^١). هذا الحديثُ يُعرَفُ بالحَسَنِ بنِ عُمارَةَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ. والحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ مَتروك لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا مَسلَمَةُ بنُ علىٍّ الخُشَنِيُّ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، وهو أيضًا ضعيفٌ (^٣).\nورُوِى بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَجهولٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، ولا يَصحُّ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ.\nورُوِى عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى فروَةَ وياسينَ بنِ مُعاذٍ الزَّيّاتِ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١١٤، ١١٥، وابن عدى في الكامل ٢/ ٧٠٥، ٧٠٦ من طريق الحسن بن عمارة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٧٠).\n(^٣) هو مسلمة بن على بن خلف، أبو سعيد الخشنى الدمشقى البلاطى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٣٨٨، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٦٨، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٥٦٧. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٥٣١: متروك.","vol":"18","page":362},{"text":"ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن أبيه مَرفوعًا (^١)، على اختِلافٍ بَينَهُما في لَفظِهِ (^٢). وإِسحاقُ وياسينُ مَتروكانِ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ قال: عَرَفَ رَجُلٌ ناقَةً له في يَدَى رَجُلٍ، فأَتَى به النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فسُئلَ عن أمرِ النّاقَةِ فوُجِدَ أصلُها اشتُرِى من أيدِى العَدوِّ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلَّذِى عَرَفَها: \"إن شِئتَ أن تأخُذَ (^٤) بالثَّمَنِ الَّذِى اشتَراها به فأَنتَ أحَقُّ بها، وِإلَّا فخَلِّ عن ناقَتِه\". قال: وسُئلَ (^٥) شاهِدَينِ (^٦).\n\n١٨٣٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، أن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أخرجه الدارقطنى في سننه من طريق إسحاق بن أبى فروة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١١٣ من طريق إسحاق بن عبد الله بن أبى فروة به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٨٤٤٤)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٤٢ من طريق ياسين به.\n(^٣) إسحاق بن عبد الله تقدم في (٣٧٢٧)، وياسين بن معاذ الزيات، أبو خلف. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٤٢٩، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٣١٢، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٤٢، وتاريخ ابن معين ٣/ ٣٣٤، والكامل في الضعفاء ٧/ ٢٦٤١.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"تأخذها\".\n(^٥) في س، م: \"وسأل\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود في مراسيله (٣٣٩) من طريق أبى الأحوص به بنحوه.","vol":"18","page":363},{"text":"العَدوَّ أصابوا ناقَةَ رَجُل مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، فاشتَراها رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، فعَرَفَها صاحِبُها، فخاصَمَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"رُدَّ إلَيه الثَّمَنَ الَّذِى اشتَراها به أو خَلِّ بَينَه وبَينَها\" (^١).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِيِّ عنه: تَميمُ ابنُ طَرَفَةَ لَم يُدرِكِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ولَم يَسمَعْ مِنه، والمُرسَلُ لا تَثبُتُ به حَجَّةٌ؛ لأنَّه لا يُدرَى عَمَن أخَذَه.\n\n١٨٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن قَبيصةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال فيما أحرَزَه المُشرِكونَ ما أصابَه المُسلِمونَ فعَرَفَه صاحِبُه قال: إن أدرَكَه قبلَ أن يُقسَمَ فهو له، وإِذا جَرَت فيه السِّهامُ فلا شَئَ لَه (^٢).\nقال: وقالَ قَتادَةُ: وقالَ عليُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ: هو لِلمُسلِمينَ، اقتُسِمَ أو لَم يُقتَسَمْ (^٣).\nهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ قَبيصَةُ لَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ، وقَتادَةُ عن على مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٩٣٥٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٢٠) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٣ من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٠٨) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣٩٠٩) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"18","page":364},{"text":"١٨٣٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ إلَى أبى عُبَيدَةَ فيما أحرَزَ العَدوُّ مِن أموالِ المُسلِمينَ ثُمَّ أصابَه المُسلِمونَ بَعدُ (^١)، أن يَرُدَّ إلَى أهلِه ما لَم يقسم (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٠٤ - وبِإِسنادِه حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى السّائبِ بنِ الأقرَعِ: أيُّما رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وجَدَ رَقيقَه ومَتاعَه بعَينِه فهو أحَقُّ به، وإِن وجَدَه في أيدِى التُّجّارِ بَعدَما قُسِمَ فلا سَبيلَ إلَيه، وأَيُّما حُرٍّ اشتَراه التُّجّارُ فرُدَّ عَلَيهِم رُءوسَ أموالِهِم، فإِنَّ الحُرَّ لا يُباعُ ولا يُشتَرَى.\nورَواه غَيرُه عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن أبى حَريزٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ في رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عنه: هذا عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُرسَل، إنَّما رُوِى عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-، وعن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ عن عُمَرَ، وكلاهُما لَم يُدرِكْ عُمَرَ -﵁-، ولا قارَبَ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وحَديثُ سَعدٍ أثبَتُ مِنَ الحديثِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁-؛ لأنَّه عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فعل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٩٩) من طريق آخر عن رجاء به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٨٠٣) من طريق أبى حريز به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٥٢).","vol":"18","page":365},{"text":"الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ عن أبيه أن سَعدًا فعَلَه به. والحديثُ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُرسَل (^١).\n\n١٨٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، وعن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قالا: ما أحرَزَ العَدوُّ مِن مالِ المُسلِمينَ فاستُنقِذَ فعَرَفَه أهلُه قبلَ أن يُقسَمَ رُدَّ إلَيهِم، فإِن لَم يَعرِفوه حَتَّى يُقسَمَ لَم يُرَدَّ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\nكَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِى، وهو هَكَذا مُنقَطِعٌ. وابنُ لَهيعَةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجِّ به (^٣)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد قيلَ فيه: عن سُلَيمانَ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3839>باب: مَن أسلَمَ على شَئٍ فهو لّهُ</span>\n\n١٨٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خُرَيمٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ ابنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا ياسينُ بنُ مُعاذٍ الزَّيّاتُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٥٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٦٣ من طريق ابن المبارك عن ابن لهيعة عن بكير عن سليمان عن زيد بن ثابت به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٧).","vol":"18","page":366},{"text":"الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أسلَمَ على شَئٍ فهو له\" (^١).\nياسينُ بنُ مُعاذٍ الزَّيّاتُ كوفِيٌّ ضَعيفٌ جَرَحَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينِ والبُخارِيُّ وغَيرُهُما مِنَ الحُفاظِ (^٢).\nوَهَذا الحديث إنَّما يُروَى عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٣)، وعن عُروةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀. وكأنَّ مَعنَى ذَلِكَ: مَن أسلَمَ على شئٍ يَجوزُ له مِلكُه فهو لَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ قال: قال مَعمَز: قال الزُّهرِىُّ: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ في قِصَّةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ وما قال عُروَةُ بنُ مَسعودٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ لِلمُغيرَةِ ابنِ شُعبَةَ حينَ قال له المُغيرَةُ: أخِّرْ يَدَكَ عن لِحيَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: أَىْ غُدَرُ أوَلَستُ أسعَى في غَدرَتِكَ؟! قال: وكانَ المُغيرَةُ صحِبَ قَومًا في الجاهِليَّةِ فقَتَلَهُم وأَخَذَ أموالَهُم، ثُمَّ جاءَ فأَسلَمَ، قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا الإسلامُ فأَقبَلُ، وأَمّا المالُ فلَستُ مِنه في شَئٍ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٤٢. وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٨٤٧) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٨٢٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٥٥)، والأم ٤/ ٢٦٦.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٩٩ - ١٠٨، وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٢٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٩٢٨)،=","vol":"18","page":367},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِنَّما امتَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- مِن تَخميسِه فيما رَوَى يونُسُ عن الزُهرِىِّ، أنَّه مالُ غَدرٍ، وفيما رَوَى عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نُخَمِّسُ مالًا أُخِذَ غَصبًا\". فتَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المالَ في يَدَي المُغيرَةِ، وفِى ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه مَلَكَه (^٢) بالأخذِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو شَيخٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه كان يقولُ في أهلِ الذمَّةِ: \"لَهُم ما أسلَموا عَلَيه مِن أموالِهِم وعَبيدِهِم وديارِهِم وأَرَضيهم (^٣) وماشيَتِهِم، لَيسَ عَلَيهِم فيه إلَّا الصدَقَةُ\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3840>بابُ الحَربّيِ يَدخُلُ بأَمانٍ ولَه مالٌ في دارِ الحَربِ ثُمَّ يُسلِمُ، أو يُسلِمُ في دارِ الحَربِ</span>\nقال الشَافِعِيُّ ﵀: أسلَمَ ابنا سَعيَةَ القُرَظيّانِ ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُحاصِرٌ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ، فأَحرَزَ لَهُما إسلامُهُما أنفُسَهُما وأَموالَهُما مِنَ النَّخلِ\n_________\n= وابن حبان (٤٨٧٢). وتقدم في (١٠١٦٨، ١٤٠٨٤)، وسيأتى في (١٨٨٤٠).\n(^١) البخارى (٢٧٣١، ٢٧٣٢).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يملكه\".\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أرضهم\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٩١). وتقدم تخريجه في (٧٥٧٤).","vol":"18","page":368},{"text":"والأرضِ وغَيرِهِما.\n\n١٨٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أن يَهودَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ وقُرَيظَةَ حارَبوا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأَجلَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَنِى النَّضيرِ، وأَقَرَّ قُرَيظَةَ ومَنَّ عَلَيهِم، حَتَّى حارَبَتِ قُرَيظَةُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ، فقَتَلَ رِجالَهُم وقَسَمَ نِساءَهُم وأَموالَهُم وأَولادَهُم بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، إلَّا بَعضهُم لَحِقوا برسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فآمَنَهُم وأَسلَموا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن شَيخٍ مِن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ أنَّه قال: هَل تَدرِى عَمَّ كان إسلامُ ثَعلَبَةَ وأَسيدِ ابنَى سَعيَةَ وأَسَدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، نَفَرٍ مِن هَدَلٍ (^٣) لَم يَكونوا مِن بَيى قُرَيظَةَ ولا نَضيرٍ، كانوا فوقَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقُلتُ: لا. قال: فإِنَّه قَدِمَ عَلَينا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الشّامِ مِن يَهودَ يُقالُ له: ابنُ الهَيَّبانِ (^٤) فأَقامَ عِندَنا، واللَّهِ ما رأينا رَجُلًا قَطُّ لا يُصلِّى الخَمسَ خَيرًا مِنه، فقَدِمَ عَلَينا قبلَ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٦٣٦٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٩٨٨، ١٩٣٦٤)، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٩٨٢، ١٨٠٧٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٠٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٦٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"وقيل: هَدْل بالإسكان، والله أعلم\".\n(^٤) ضبط في الأصل بفتح الياء المشددة وكسرها.","vol":"18","page":369},{"text":"مَبعَثِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسِنينَ (^١)، فكُنّا إذا أُقحِطنا (^٢) وقَلَّ عَلَينا المَطَرُ نَقولُ له: يا ابنَ الهَيَِّبانِ، اخرُجْ فاستَسقِ لَنا. فيَقولُ: لا واللَّهِ حَتَّى تُقَدَّموا أمامَ مَخرَجِكُم صَدَقَةً. فنَقولُ: كَم نُقَدِّمُ؟ فيَقولُ: صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ أو مُدَّينِ مِن شَعيرٍ. ثُمَّ يَخرُجُ إلَى ظاهِرَةِ حَرَّتِنا ونَحنُ مَعَه فيَستَسقِى (^٣)، فواللَّهِ ما يَقومُ مِن مَجلِسِه حَتَّى تَمُرَّ الشِّعابُ، قَد فعَلَ ذَلِكَ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ ولا مَرَّتَينِ ولا ثَلاثَةٍ، فحَضرَته الوَفاةُ فاجتَمَعنا إلَيه فقالَ: يا مَعشر يَهودَ، ما تَرَونَه أخرَجَنِى مِن أرضِ الخَمرِ والخَميرِ إلَى أرضِ البُؤسِ والجوعِ؟ فقُلنا: أنتَ أعلمُ. فقالَ: إنَّه إنَّما أخرَجَنِى أتَوَقعُ خُروجَ نَبِىٍّ قَد أظَل زَمانُه، هذه البِلادُ مُهاجَرُه، فأَتَبِعُه، فلا تُسبَقُنَّ إلَيه إذا خَرَجَ يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ، فإِنَه يَسفِكُ الدِّماءَ ويَسبِى الذَّرارِيَّ والنِّساءَ مِمَّن خالَفَه، فلا يَمنَعْكُم ذَلِكَ مِنه. ثُمَّ ماتَ، فلَمّا كانَت تِلكَ اللَّيلَةُ التى افتُتِحَت فيها قُرَيظَةُ قال أولَئكَ الفِتيَةُ الثَّلاثَةُ، وكانوا شَبابًا (^٤) أحداثًا: يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ، [واللهِ إنه لَلرجلُ الذى] (^٥) كان ذَكَرَ لَكُمُ ابنُ الهَيَّبانِ. قالوا: ما هو. قالوا: بَلَى واللَّهِ إنَّه لَهو يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ (^٦)، إنَّه واللَّهِ لَهو\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بسنتين\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"قحطنا\".\n(^٣) كتبها في الأصل بالياء والنون بعد الفاء.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"شبانا\".\n(^٥) في النسخ: \"للذى\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل، وحاشية ص ٨.\n(^٦) في م: \"اليهود\".","vol":"18","page":370},{"text":"لِصِفَتِه (^١). ثُمَّ نَزَلوا فأَسلَموا وخَلَّوا أموالَهُم وأَولادَهُم وأَهاليَهِم. قال: وكانَت أموالُهُم في الحِصنِ مَعَ المُشرِكينَ، فلَمّا فُتِحَ رُدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n١٨٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أبو حَفصٍ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا أبانٌ -قال عُمَرُ: وهو ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى حازِم- قال: حَدَّثنِى عثمانُ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه صخرٍ، أن رسولَ اللّهِ -ﷺ- غَزا ثَقيفًا، فلَمّا أن سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ صَخرٌ رَكِبَ في خَيلٍ يُمِدُّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فوَجَدَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَدِ انصَرَفَ ولَم يَفتَحْ، فجَعَلَ صَخرٌ حينَئذٍ عَهدَ اللَّهِ وذِمَّتَه ألَّا يُفارِقَ هذا القَصرَ حَتَّى يَنزِلوا على حُكمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فلَم يُفارِقْهُم حَتَّى نَزَلوا على حُكمِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فكَتَبَ إلَيه صَخرٌ: أمّا بَعدُ فإِنَ ثَقيفًا قَد نَزَلوا على حُكمِكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ وأنا (^٣) مَقبِلٌ إلَيهِم وهُم في خَيلٍ. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالصَّلاةِ جامِعَة، فدَعا لأحمَسَ عَشرَ دَعَواتٍ: \"اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لأحمَسَ في خَيلِها ورِجالِها\". وأَتاه القَومُ فتَكَلَّمَ المُغيرَةُ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ إنَّ صَخرًا أخَذَ عَمَّتِى ودَخَلَت فيما دَخَلَ فيه المُسلِمونَ. فدَعاه فقالَ: \"يا صَخرُ إنَّ القَومَ إذا أسلَموا أحرَزوا دَماءَهُم وأَموالَهم، فادفَعْ إلَى المُغيرَةِ عَمَّتَه\". فدَفَعَها إلَىه، وسألَ نَبِيَّ الله -ﷺ- ماءً لِبَنِى سُلَيمٍ قَد هَرَبوا عن الإِسلامِ وتَرَكوا ذاكَ الماءَ، فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أنزِلنيه أنا وقَومِى. قال: \"نَعَم\". فأَنزَلَه وأَسلَمَ، يَعنِى السُّلَميّينَ، فأَتَوا صَخرًا فسألوه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، ص ٨: \"بصفته\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٨٠، ٨١، ٤/ ٣١، ٣٢، وابن إسحاق في سيرته (٦٥) ص ٦٤.\n(^٣) في النسخ عدا ص ٨: \"ولنا\".","vol":"18","page":371},{"text":"أن يَدفَعَ إلَيهِمُ الماءَ فأَبَى، فأَتَوا نَبِيَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالوا: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أسلَمنا وأَتَينا صَخرًا ليَدفَعَ إلَينا ماءَنا فأَبَى عَلَينا. فدَعاه فقالَ: \"يا صَخرُ إنَّ القَومَ إذا أسلَموا أحرَزوا أموالَهُم ودِماءَهُم، فادفَعْ إلَى القَومِ ماءَهُم\". قال: نَعَم يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ. فرأيتُ وجهَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- يَتَغَيَّرُ عِندَ ذَلِكَ حُمرَةً حَياءً مِن أخذِه الجاريَةَ وأَخذِه الماءَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: الاستِدلالُ وقَعَ بقَولِه -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ القَومَ إذا أسلَموا أحرَزوا أموالَهم ودَماءَهُم \". فأَمّا استِردادُ الماءِ عن صَخرٍ بعدما مَلَكَه بتَمليكِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ - إيّاه فإِنَّه يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ باستِطابَةِ نَفسِه، ولِذَلِكَ كان يَظهَرُ في وجهِه أثَرُ الحَياءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوعَمَّةُ المُغيرَةِ فإِن كانَت أسلَمَت بَعدَ الأخذِ فكأنَّه رأى إسلامَها قبلَ القِسمَةِ يُحرِزُ مالَها، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ إسلامُها قبلَ الأخذِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوصَخرٌ هذا هو ابنُ العَيِّلَةِ. قالَه البخاريُّ (^٢) عن أبى نُعَيمٍ عن أبانٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ عن صَخرِ بنِ العَيِّلَةِ، لَم يَقُلْ: عن أبيه.\nورُوِى في قِصَّةِ رِعيَةَ السُّحَيمِيِّ ما دل [على ما دَلَّ] (^٣) عَلَيه ظاهِرُ قِصَّةِ عَمَّةِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٦٧). وأخرجه الدارمى (١٧١٦) عن محمد بن يوسف الفريابى به. وضعف إسناده الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٦٧٠).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣١٠، ٣١١.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.","vol":"18","page":372},{"text":"المُغيرَةِ، فإِنَّه أسلَمَ ثُمَّ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أهلِى ومالِى. قالَ: \"أمّا مالُكَ فقَد قُسِمَ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَمّا أهلُكَ فانظُرْ من قَدَرتَ عَلَيه مِنهُم\". قال: فرُدَّ عَلَيه ابنُه (^١).\nويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه استَطابَ أنفُسَ أهلِ الغَنيمَةِ كما فعَلَ في سَبي هَوازِنَ وعَوَّضَ أهلَ الخُمُسِ مِن نَصيبِهِم، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوإِسنادُ الحديثينِ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3841>بابُ المُشرِكينَ يُسلِمونَ قبلَ الأسرِ وما على الإمامِ وغَيِره مِنَ التَّثَبُّتِ إذا تَكَلَّموا بما يُشبِهُ الإقرارَ بالإسلامِ ويُشبِهُ غَيَرهُ</span>\n\n١٨٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا فيّاضٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ -أحسِبُه قال: إلَى بَنِى جَذيمَةَ- فدَعاهُم إلَى الإِسلامِ، فلَم يُحسِنوا أن يَقولوا: أسلَمنا. فقالوا: صَبأنا، صَبأنا. وجَعَلَ خالِدٌ بهِم قَتلًا وأَسرًا. قال: ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا أسيرًا، حَتَّى إذا أصبَحَ يَومًا أمَرَنا فقالَ: ليَقتُلْ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنكُم أسيرَه. قال: ابنُ عُمَرَ: واللَّهِ لا أقتُلُ أسيرِى، ولا يَقتُلُ أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِى أسيرَه. قال: فقَدِمنا على رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- فذُكِرَ له ما صَنَعَ خالِدٌ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٦٦).","vol":"18","page":373},{"text":"فرَفَعَ يَدَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أبرأُ إلَيكَ مِمّا صَنَعَ خالِدٌ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لَقِيَ ناسٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رَجُلًا في غُنَيمَةٍ له فقالَ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم. فأَخَذوه فقَتَلوه وأَخَذوا تِلكَ الغُنَيمَةَ فنَزَلَت: ﴿وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٤]. وقَرأها ابنُ عباسٍ: السَّلامَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن على بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٣١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى سُلَيمٍ على نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ومَعَه غَنَمٌ له فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم،\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٤٣٤، ١٨٧٢١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٣٨٢)، والنسائي (٥٤٢٠)، وابن حبان (٤٧٤٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٣٣٩، ٧١٨٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٦٩٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٧٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٥٩٠، ١١١١٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٥٩١)، ومسلم (٣٠٢٥/ ٢٢).","vol":"18","page":374},{"text":"فقالوا: ما سَلَّمَ عَلَيكُم إلَّا ليَتَعَوَّذَ مِنكُم. فعَمَدوا إلَيه فقَتَلوه وأَخَذوا غَنَمَه، فأَتَوا بها النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: (يا أيُّها الَّذينَ آمَنوا إذا ضَرَبتُم في سَبيلِ اللَّه فتَثَبَّتوا (^١) ولا تَقولوا لِمَن ألقَى إلَيكُمُ السَّلامَ لَستَ مُؤمِنًا) إلَى قَولِه: (كَذَلِكَ كُنتُم مِن قَبلُ فمَنَ اللهُ عَلَيكُم فتَثَبَّتوا (^١» (^٢) [النساء: ٩٤].\n\n١٨٣١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن أبى القَعقاعِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى حَدرَدٍ، عن أبيه أبى حَدرَدٍ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى إضمٍ، فخَرَجتُ في نَفَرٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فيهِم أبو قَتادَةَ الحارِثُ بنُ رِبعِيٍّ ومُحَلِّمُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ، فخَرَجنا حَتَّى إذا كُنّا ببَطنِ إضمٍ مَرَّ بنا عامِرُ بنُ الأضبَطِ على بَعيرٍ له، فلَمّا مَرَّ عَلَينا سَلَّمَ عَلَينا بتَحيَّةِ الإِسلامِ فأَمسَكنا عنه، وحَمَلَ عَلَيه مُحَلِّمُ بنُ جَثامَةَ فقَتَلَه وأَخَذَ بَعيرَه وما مَعَه، فقَدِمنا على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وأَخبَرْناه الخَبَرَ، فنَزَلَ فينا القُرآنُ: (يا أيُّها الَّذينَ آمَنوا إذا ضرَبتُم في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فتَثَبَّتوا (١) ولا تَقولوا لِمَن ألقَى إلَيكُمُ السَّلَمَ (^٣) لَستَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فتبينوا\". وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وقد قرأ حمزة والكسائى وخلف: \"فتثبتوا\"، وقرأ الباقون: \"فتبينوا\". والذى قرأها: \"فتثبتوا\" و\"السلام\" معًا هو الكسائى. ينظر النشر ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٢) الحا كم ٢/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢٣)، والترمذى (٣٠٣٠)، وابن حبان (٤٧٥٢) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"السلام\"، وقرأ حمزة وخلف \"فتثبتوا\" و\"السلم\" معا. ينظر النشر ٢/ ١٨٩.","vol":"18","page":375},{"text":"مُؤمِنًا) إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١). كَذا رَواه يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن يَزيدَ عن (^٢) أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى حَدرَدٍ عن أبيه (^٣).\nورَواه أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن يَزيدَ عن القَعقاعِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ أبى حَدرَدٍ عن أبيه (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِيُّ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (^٥).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ في رِوايَةِ حَجّاح عنه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن يَزيدَ عن (٣) أبى حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِىِّ عن أبيه (^٦)، وقيلَ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ.\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ عن ابنِ إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِيِّ قال: كُنتُ في سَريَّةٍ بَعَثَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى إضَمٍ؛ وادٍ مِن أوديَةِ أشجَعَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٨١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٣٥٤ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٧/ ٨: رواه أحمد والطبرانى ورجاله ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٠٥ من طريق محمد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٨٠١٠) عن أبى خالد الأحمر به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البغوى في معجمه ٤/ ١٣٦ (١٦٥٤)، والواحدى في أسباب النزول ص ١٢٩ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد الأموى به.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره ٣/ ١٠٤٠ (٥٨٢٧) من طريق حجاج بن المنهال به. والمصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٠٦ من طريق عفان بن مسلم عن حماد به.\n(^٧) أخرجه البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٥ من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به.","vol":"18","page":376},{"text":"ورَواه سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ (^١) عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ عن القَعقاعِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ -أو قال: ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ- عن أبى عبدِ اللهِ قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٨٣١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ (^٣) الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أسلَمَ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ أبى حَدرَدٍ الأسلَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه كان في سَريَّةٍ، فرآهُم رَجُلٌ وهو في جَبَلٍ، فنَزَلَ إلَيهِم فسَلَّمَ عَلَيهِم، فأَخَذوه فقَتَلوه، ففيه نَزَلَت: (وَلا تَقولوا لِمَن ألقَى إلَيكُمُ السلَمَ (^٤) لَستَ مُؤمِنًا تَبتَغونَ عَرَضَ الحَياةِ الدُّنيا). واِلرَّجُلُ الَّذِى قَتَلوه عامِرُ بنُ الأضبَطِ الأشجَعِيُّ.\n\n١٨٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ ضُمَيرَةَ بنِ سَعدٍ السُّلَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ أن أباه وجَدَّه شَهِدا حُنَينًا مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"التميمى\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٦/ ١٩٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٦/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣ من طريق معتمر بن سليمان عن يزيد به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الجبار\". وينظر الثقات لابن حبان ٨/ ٥١.\n(^٤) في ص ٨: \"السلام\".","vol":"18","page":377},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالا: صَلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الظُّهرَ ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إلَى ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ، فقامَ إلَيه الأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ وعُيَينَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ يَختَصِمانِ في دَمِ عامِرِ بنِ الأضبَطِ الأشجَعِىِّ، وكانَ قَتَلَه مُحَلَّمُ بنُ جَثّامَةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، فعُيَينَةُ يَطلُبُ بدَمِ الأشجَعِىِّ عامِرِ بنِ الأضبَطِ لأنَّه مِن قَيسٍ، والأقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ يَدفَعُ عن مُحَلِّمِ ابنِ جَثامَةَ لأنَّه مِن خِندِفَ، وهو يَومَئذٍ سَيِّدُ خِندِفَ، فسَمِعنا عُيَينَةَ يقولُ: واللَّهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ لا أدَعُه حَتَّى أُذيقَ نِساءَه مِنَ الحَرِّ ما أذاقَ نِسائى. ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"تأخُذونَ الدّيَةَ؛ خَمسينَ في سَفَرِنا هذا وخَمسينَ إذا رَجَعنا\". وهو يأبَى، فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى لَيثٍ يُقالُ له: مِكتَلٌ، مَجموعٌ قَصيرٌ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما وجَدتُ لِهَذا القَتيلِ في غُزَةِ الإِسلامِ إلا كَعَيرٍ ورَدَت فرُ ميَت أولاها فنَفَرَت أُخراها، اسنُنِ اليَومَ وغَيِّر غَدًا. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه ثُمَّ قال: \"تأخُذونَ الدّيَةَ؛ خَمسينَ في سَفَرِنا هذا وخَمسينَ إذا رَجَعنا\". فقَبِلَها القَومُ، ثُمَّ قال: ائتوا بصاحِبِكُم يَستَغفِرْ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فجاءوا به، فقامَ رَجُلٌ آدَمُ (^١) طَويلٌ ضَرْبٌ (^٢) عَلَيه حُلَّةٌ له قَد تَهَيّأ فيها لِلقَتلِ، فجَلَسَ بَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ له: \"ما اسمُكَ؟ \". فقالَ: مُحَلِّمُ بنُ جَثامَةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ لا تَغفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ لا تَغفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بنِ جَثامَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ لا تَغفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بنِ جَثّامَةَ\". ثُمَّ قال له: \"قُمْ\". فقامَ وهو يَتَلَقَّى دَمعَه بفَضلِ رِدائه، فأَمّا نَحنُ فيما بَينَنا فنَقولُ: إنا لَنَرجو أن يَكونَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَدِ\n_________\n(^١) آدم: شديد السُّمرة. المفهم ٤/ ٣٠٢.\n(^٢) الضرب من الرجال: الخفيف اللحم. التاج ٣/ ٢٤٤ (ض ر ب).","vol":"18","page":378},{"text":"استَغفَرَ له، ولَكِن أظهَرَ هذا ليَنزعَ النّاسُ بَعضُهُم عن بَعضِ. فأَمّا ما ظَهَرَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى الله عليهم وسلم- هَذا (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَيانٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ زيادَ بنَ سَعدِ بنِ ضمَيرَةَ السُّلَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ عن أبيه أن مُحَلِّمَ بنَ جَثامَةَ اللَّيثِيَّ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن أشجَعَ في الإِسلامِ، وذَلِكَ أوَّلُ غِيَرٍ (^٣) قَضى به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ مَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عُيَينَةُ ألا تَقبَلُ الغِيَرَ (^٤)؟ \". يُريدُ الدّيَةَ، وقالَ في آخِرِه: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أقَتَلتَه بسِلاحِكَ في غُرَّةِ الإِسلامِ؟ اللَّهُمَّ لا تَغفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمٍ\". بصوتٍ عالٍ، ولَم يَذكُرْ ما بَعدَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٢/ ٣٥٥ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. وأحمد (٢٣٨٧٩)، وابن الجارود (٧٧٧) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٠٣) من طريق حماد به. وضعفه الألبانى في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٧٠).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عير\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"العير\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٠٧، وأبو داود (٤٥٠٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٥٤٥٥) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث به. وقال: عن أبيه. ولم يذكر جده.","vol":"18","page":379},{"text":"١٨٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ قالا: أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ قال: أتَينا نَصرَ بنَ عاصِمٍ اللَّيثِيَّ فقالَ نَصرٌ: حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مالكٍ -وكانَ مِن رَهطِه- قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَريَّةً فأَغاروا على قَومٍ، فشَذَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فاتَّبَعَه رَجُلٌ مِنَ السَّريَّةِ مَعَه السَّيفُ شاهِرًا، فقالَ الشّاذُّ مِنَ القَومِ: إنَى مسلمٌ. فلَم يَنظُرْ فيه فضرَبَه فقَتَلَه، فنُمِيَ الحديثُ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ قَولًا شَديدًا، فقالَ القاتِلُ: والقَهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ ما قال الَّذِى قال إلا تَعَوُّذًا مِنَ القَتلِ. فأَعرَضَ عنه ثَلاثًا، فأَعادَه فأَقبَلَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- تُعرَفُ المَساءَةُ في وجهِه ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ أبَى على مَن قَتَلَ مُؤمِنًا\". قالَها ثَلاثًا (^١).\nتابَعَه يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3842>بابُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ حَرَسَها اللَّهُ تَعالَى</span>\n\n١٨٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ١٨، ١٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٠٨) من طريق سليمان به، وتقدم في (١٥٩٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٠٩) من طريق يونس به.","vol":"18","page":380},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ -عن أبى هريرةَ- قال: وفَدَت وُفودٌ إلَى مُعاويَةَ وذَلِكَ في رَمَضانَ، فكانَ يَصنَعُ بَعضنا لِبَعضٍ الطَّعامَ، فكانَ أبو هريرةَ مِمّا يُكثِرُ أن يَدعوَنا إلَى رَحلِه، فقُلتُ: ألا أصنَعُ طَعامًا وأَدعوهُم إلَى رَحلِى. فأَمَرتُ بطَعامٍ فصنِعَ، ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ أبا هريرةَ مِنَ العَشِىِّ فقُلتُ: الدَّعوَةُ عِندِى اللَّيلَةَ. قال: سَبَقتَنِى. قُلتُ: نَعَم. فدَعَوتُهُم فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: ألا أُعَلِّمُكُم حَديثًا مِن حَديثِكُم يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فتحَ مَكَّةَ فقالَ: أقبَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، فبَعَثَ الزُّبَيرَ على إحدَى المُجَنِّبَتَينِ، وبَعَثَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ على المُجَنِّبَةِ الأُخرَى، وبَعَثَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ على الحُسَّرِ، فأَخَذوا بَطنَ الوادِى ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في كَتيبَتِه فنَظَرَ فرآنِى فقالَ: \"أبو هريرةَ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: فنَدَبَ الأنصارَ فقالَ: \"لا يأتينا إلَّا أنصارِىٌّ\". فأَطافوا به. زادَ أبو داودَ قال: فقالَ: \"اهتِفْ بالأنصارِ، ولا تأتِنِى إلَأ بأَنصارِيٍّ\". قال: ففَعَلتُه. قال: شَيبانُ في رِوايَتِه: وأَوبَشَت (^١) قُرَيشٌ أو باشًا لَها وأَتباعًا فقالوا: نُقَدِّمُ هَؤُلاءِ، فإِن كان لَهُم شَئٌ كُنّا مَعَهُم، وإِن أُصيبوا أعطَينا الَّذِى سُئلنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَرَونَ إلَى أوباشِ قُرَيشٍ وأَتباعِهِم؟ \". ثُمَّ قال بيَدَيه إحداهُما على الأُخرَى، ثُمَّ قال: \"حَتَّى توافونِى بالصَّفا\". زادَ أبو داودَ في رِوايَتِه: \"احصُدوهُم\n_________\n(^١) أوبشت: أى جمعت له جموعًا من قبائل شتى. النهاية ٤/ ١٤٥، وينظر التاج ١٧/ ٤٣٨ (وب ش).","vol":"18","page":381},{"text":"حَصدًا\". قال شَيبانُ في رِوايَتِه: قال: وانطَلَقنا، فما شاءَ أحَدٌ مِنا أن يَقتُلَ أحَدًا إلَّا قَتَلَه، وما أحَدٌ يوَجِّهُ إلَينا شَيئًا. قال: فجاءَ أبو سُفيانَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أُبيحَت خَضراءُ قُرَيشٍ (^١)، لا قُرَيشَ بَعدَ اليَومِ. قال: \"مَن دَخَلَ دارَ أبى سُفيانَ فهو آمِنٌ\". زادَ أبو داودَ في رِوايَتِه: \"مَن ألقَى السِّلاحَ فهو آمِنٌ\". قال شَيبانُ في رِوايَتِه: فقالَتِ الأنصارُ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ: أمّا الرَّجُلُ فأَدرَكَته رَغبَةٌ في قَريَتِه (^٢) ورأفَةٌ بعَشيرَتِه. فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: وجاءَ الوَحيُ، وكانَ إذا جاءَ لا يَخفَى عَلَينا، فإِذا جاءَ فلَيسَ أحَدٌ (^٣) يَرفَعُ طَرفَه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى يَنقَضِى الوَحىُ، فلَمّا قُضِى الوَحيُ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ\". قالوا: لَبَّيكَ رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"قُلتُم: أمّا الرَّجُلُ فأَدرَكَته رَغبَةٌ في قَريَته (٢) \". قالوا: قَد كان ذاكَ. قال: \"كَلَّا، إنى عبدُ اللهِ ورسولُه، هاجَرتُ إلَى اللَّهِ وِإلَيكُم، المَحيا مَحياكُم والمَماتُ مَماتُكُم\". فأَقبَلوا إلَيه يَبكونَ ويَقولونَ: واللَّهِ ما قُلنا الَّذِى قُلنا إلَّا الضِّنَّ باللَّهِ ورسولِهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه يُصَدِّقانِكُم ويَعذِرانِكُم\". فأَقبَلَ النّاسُ إلَى دارِ أبى سُفيانَ، وأَغلَقَ النّاسُ أبوابَهُم، وأَقبَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى أقبَلَ إلَى الحَجَرِ فاستَلَمَه فطافَ بالبَيتِ، فأَتَى إلَى صَنَمٍ إلَى جَنبِ البَيتِ كانوا يَعبُدونَه. قال: وفِى يَدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَوسٌ وهو آخِذٌ بسِيَةِ القَوسِ (^٤)، فلَمّا أتَى على الصَّنَمِ جَعَلَ يَطعُنُ في عَينِه ويَقولُ: \"جاءَ\n_________\n(^١) خضراء قريش: أى معظمهم. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"قرابته\".\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٨: \"منا\".\n(^٤) سِيّة القوس: بالكسر مخففة؛ ما عُطِف من طرفيها. التاج ٣٨/ ٣٤٤ (س ى ى).","vol":"18","page":382},{"text":"الحَقُّ وزَهَقَ الباطِلُ، إنَّ الباطِلَ كان زَهوقًا\". فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن طَوافِه أتَى الصَّفّا فعَلا عَلَيه، حَتَّى نَظَرَ إلَى البَيتِ فرَفَعَ يَدَيه وجَعَلَ يَحمَدُ اللَّهَ ويَدعو بما شاءَ أن يَدعوَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ بَهزِ بنِ أسَدٍ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، وذَكَرَ اللَّفظَةَ التى زادَها أبو داودَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: فجاءَتِ الأنصارُ فأَحاطوا برسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- عِندَ الصَّفا، فجاءَ أبو سُفيانَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أُبيدَت خَضراءُ قُرَيشٍ، لا قُرَيشَ بَعدَ اليَومِ. فقالَ: \"مَن دَخَلَ دارَه فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن ألقَى سِلاحَه فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن دَخَلَ دارَ أبى سُفيانَ فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن أغلَقَ بابَه فهو آمِنٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ حَسّانَ عن حَمّادٍ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرْ قَولَه: \"مَن دَخَلَ دارَه فهو آمِنٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٥٥، ٥٦، والطيالسى (٢٥٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٩٤٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٩٨)، وابن خزيمة (٢٧٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٧٦٠) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٨٠/ ٨٤، ٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٢٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وتقدم في (١١٢٩٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٨٠/ ٨٦).","vol":"18","page":383},{"text":"١٨٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِيُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رَباحٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- لما دخَلَ مَكَّةَ سَرَّحَ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ وأَبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ وخالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ على الخَيلِ وقالَ: \"يا أبا هريرةَ اهتِفْ بالأنصارِ\". قال: \"اسلُكوا هذا الطَّريقَ، فلا يُشرِفَنَّ لَكُم أحَدٌ إلَّا أنَمتُموه (^١) \". فنادَى مُنادٍ (^٢): لا قُرَيشَ بَعدَ اليَومِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن دَخَلَ دارًا فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن ألقَى السِّلاحَ فهو آمِنٌ\". وعَمَدَ صَناديدُ قُرَيشٍ فدَخَلوا الكَعبَةَ فغَصَّ (^٣) بهِم، وطافَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- وصلَّى خَلفَ المَقامِ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ بجَنَبَتَي (^٤) البابِ، فخَرَجوا فبايَعوا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- على الإسلامِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٣٢٣ - زادَ فيه القاسِمُ بنُ سَلَّامِ بنِ مِسكينٍ عن أبيه بهَذا الإِسنادِ قال: ثُمَّ أتَى الكَعبَةَ فأَخَذَ بعِضادَتَي البابِ فقالَ: \"ما تَقولونَ وما تَظُنّونَ؟ \". قالوا: نَقولُ: ابنُ أخٍ وابنُ عَمٍّ حَليمٌ رَحيمٌ. قال: وقالوا ذَلِكَ ثَلاثًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أقولُ كما قال يوسُفُ: ﴿لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) أنمتموه: أى قتلتموه. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٣١.\n(^٢) رسمها في الأصل هكذا: \"منادى\" تنوين وياء.\n(^٣) غص: أى امتلأ أو ضاق بهم. ينظر التاج ١٨/ ٥٧ (غ ص ص).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"جنبى\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٨٧١، ٣٠٢٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٢٩٨) عن سلام بن مسكين به.","vol":"18","page":384},{"text":"لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ﴾ [يوسف: ٩٢] \". قال: فخَرَجوا كأنَّما نُشِروا مِنَ القُبورِ، فدَخَلوا في الإِسلامِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وفيما حَكَى الشّافِعِيُّ عن أبى يوسُفَ في هذه القِصَّةِ أنَّه قال لَهُم حينَ اجتَمَعوا في المَسجِدِ: \"ما تَرَونَ أنِّى صانِعٌ بكُم؟ \". قالوا: خَيرًا، أخٌ كَريمٌ وابنُ أخٍ كَريمٍ. قال: \"اذهَبوا فأَنتُمُ الطُّلَقاءُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما أطلَقَهُم بالأمانِ الأوَّلِ الَّذِى عَقَدَه على شَرطِ قَبولِهِم، فلَمّا قَبِلوه قال: \"أنتُمُ الطُّلَقاءُ\". يَعنِى بالأمانِ الأوَّلِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الفَتحِ جاءَه العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطلِبِ بأَبِى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربٍ فأَسلَمَ بمَرِّ الظَّهرانِ، فقالَ له العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّ هذا الفَخرَ، فلَو جَعَلتَ له شَيئًا. قال: \"نَعَم، مَن دَخَلَ دارَ أبى سُفيانَ فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن أغلَقَ بابَه فهو آمِنٌ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٥٧، ٥٨.\n(^٢) المعرفة عقب (٥٤٦٠)، والأم ٧/ ٣٦١.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٦١)، والدلائل ٥/ ٣١، وأبو داود (٣٠٢١). وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٤٨٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٣/ ٣١٩ من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به.=","vol":"18","page":385},{"text":"١٨٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بن الفَضل، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن العباسِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ، عن بَعضِ أهلِه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لما نَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ (^١) الظَّهرانِ قال العباسُ: قلُتُ: واللهِ لَئن دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَكَّةَ عَنوَةً قبلَ أن يأتوه فيَستأمِنوه إنَّه لَهَلاكُ قُرَيشٍ. فجَلَستُ على بَغلَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: لَعلِّي أجِدُ ذا حاجَةٍ يأتِي أهلَ مَكَّةَ فيُخبِرُهُم بمَكانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ليَخرُجوا إلَيه فيَستأمِنوه. وإِنِّي لأسيرُ سَمِعتُ كَلامَ أبي سُفيانَ وبُدَيلِ بنِ ورقاءَ فقُلتُ: يا أبا حَنظَلَةَ. فعَرَفَ صَوتِي، قال: أبو الفَضلِ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: ما لَكَ فِداكَ أبي وأُمِّي؟ قُلتُ: هذا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - والنّاسُ. قال: فما الحيلَةُ؟ قال: فرَكِبَ خَلفِي ورَجَعَ صاحِبُه، فلَمَّا أصبَحَ غَدَوتُ به على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَسلَمَ، قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّ هذا الفَخرَ، فاجعَلْ له شَيئًا. قال: \"نَعَم، مَن دَخَلَ دارَ أبي سُفيانَ فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن أغلَقَ عَلَيه دارَه فهو آمِنٌ، ومَن دَخَلَ المَسجِدَ فهو آمِنٌ\". قال: فتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ إلَى دورِهِم وإِلَى المَسجِدِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n= وحسَّنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦١١).\n(^١) في س، م: \"بمر\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٩٣)، وفي المعرفة (٥٤٦٣)، وأبو داود (٣٠٢٢). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (١٦١٢).","vol":"18","page":386},{"text":"إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن العَلاء، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ واللَّفظُ له، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: لما سارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عامَ الفَتحِ فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قُرَيشًا خَرَجَ أبو سُفيانَ بنُ حَربٍ وحَكيمُ بن حِزامٍ وبُدَيلُ بنُ ورقاءَ يَلتَمِسونَ الخَبَرَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَقبَلوا يَسيرونَ حَتَّى أتَوا مَرَّ الظَّهران، فإِذا هُم بنيرانٍ كأنَّها نيرانُ عَرَفَةَ، فقالَ أبو سُفيانَ: ما هَذِهِ؟ لَكأنَّها نيرانٌ (^١). فقالَ بُدَيلُ بن ورقاءَ: نيرانُ بَنِي عمرٍو. قال أبو سُفيانَ: عمرٌو أقَلُّ مِن ذَلِكَ. فرآهُم ناسٌ مِن حَرَسِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَدرَكوهُم فأَخَذوهُم، فأَتَوا بهِم رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فأَسلَمَ أبو سُفيانَ، فلَمّا سارَ قال لِلعباسِ: \"احبِسْ أبا سُفيانَ عِندَ [خَطمِ الجَبَلِ] (^٢) حَتَّى يَنظُرَ إلَى المُسلِمينَ\". فحَبَسَه العباسُ، فجَعَلَتِ القَبائلُ تَمُرُّ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - تَمُرُّ كَتيبَةً كَتيبَة على أبي سُفيانَ، فمَرَّت كَتيبَةٌ قال: يا عباسُ مَن هَذِهِ؟ قال: هذه غِفارُ. قال: ما لِي ولِغَفارَ. ثُمَّ مَرَّت جُهَينَةُ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ مَرَّت سَعدُ بن هُذَيمٍ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ومَرَّت سُلَيمٌ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى أقبَلَت كَتيبَةٌ لَم يَرَ مِثلَها قال: مَن هَذِهِ؟ قال: هَؤُلاءِ الأنصارُ عَلَيهِم سَعدُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"نيران عرفة\"، وضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\" وفي الحاشية، وحاشية ص ٨: \"عرفة\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حطم الخيل\"، وفي ص ٨: \"حطم الجبل\". وهما روايتان للبخاري \"حطم الخيل\" و\"خطم الجبل\". ينظر فح الباري ٨/ ٨. وخَطْم الجبل: طرفه. وحطم الخيل: حيث تجتمع ويحطم بعضها بعضًا لاجتماعها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٣٩. وينظر النهاية ١/ ٤٠٣.","vol":"18","page":387},{"text":"ابنُ عُبادَةَ مَعَه الرَّايَةُ. فقالَ سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ: يا أبا سُفيانَ، اليَومُ يَومُ المَلحَمَة، اليَومَ تُستَحَلُّ الكَعبَةُ. فقالَ أبو سُفيانَ: يا عباسُ، حَبَّذا يَومُ الذِّمارِ (^١). ثُمَّ جاءَت كَتيبَةٌ، وهِيَ أقَلُّ الكَتائب، فيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه، ورايَةُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَعَ الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوَّام، فلَمّا مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بأَبِي سُفيانَ قال: ألَم تَعلَمْ ما قال سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ؟ قال: \"ما قالَ؟ \". قال (^٢): كَذا وكَذا. قال: \"كَذَبَ سَعدٌ، ولَكِن هذا يَومٌ يُعَظِّمُ اللهُ فيه الكَعبَةَ، ويَومٌ تُكسَى فيه الكَعبَةُ\". قال: وأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُركَزَ رايَتُه بالحَجونِ. قال عُروَةُ: فأَخبَرَنِي نافِعُ بن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ يقولُ (^٣): سَمِعتُ العباسَ يقولُ لِلزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوّامِ: يا أبا عبد الله، ههنا أمَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تَركُزَ الرَّايَةَ؟ قال: فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ أن يَدخُلَ مَكَّةَ مِن كَداءٍ (^٤)، ودَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن كُدًى (^٥)، فقُتِلَ مِن خَيلِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ يَومَئذٍ رَجُلانِ؛ حُبَيشُ بنُ الأشعَرِ وكُرزُ بن جابِرٍ الفِهرِيُّ. أَخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الذمار: أي الهلاك. فتح الباري ٨/ ٨.\n(^٢) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي س، ص ٨، م: \"قال قال\".\n(^٣) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"قال\"، وفي س، م: \"قال يقول\".\n(^٤) في م: \"كدى\".\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"يأتى بعده أنه - ﷺ - من كداء بالمد والله أعلم\"، وفي م: \"كداء\".\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٢٨٠)، ومن طريقه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٦٦٢).","vol":"18","page":388},{"text":"١٨٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ زَكَريّا الأديبُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ القَبّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بن عثمانَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ المَخزومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"أمِنَ النّاسُ إلَّا هَؤُلاءِ الأربَعَةَ لا (^١) يُؤمَنونَ في حِلٍّ ولا حَرَمٍ؛ ابنُ خَطَلٍ ومِقيَسُ بنُ صُبابَةَ (^٢) وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي سَرح وابنُ نُقَيدٍ\". فأَمّا ابنُ خَطَلٍ فقَتَلَه الزُّبَيرُ بن العَوّام، وأَمّا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ فاستأمَنَ له عثمانُ فأومِنَ، وكانَ أخاه مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ فلَم يُقتَلْ، ومِقيَسُ بن صُبابَةَ قَتَلَه ابنُ عَمٍّ له لَحًّا (^٣) قَد سَمّاه، وقَتَلَ على ابنَ نُقَيدٍ وقَينَتَينِ كانَتا لِمِقيَسٍ، فقُتِلَت إحداهُما وأَفلَتَتِ الأُخرَى فأَسلَمَت (^٤). أبو جَدِّه سعيدُ بن يَربوعٍ المَخزومِيُّ، قالَه القَبّانِيُّ.\nوفِي حَديثِ أنَس بنِ مالكٍ فيمَن أمَرَ بقَتلِه: أُمُّ سارَةَ مَولاةٌ لِقُرَيشٍ.\nوفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ إسحاقَ في \"المغازى\": سارَةُ مَولاةٌ لِبَعضِ بَنِي عبد المُطَّلِب، وكانَت مِمَّن يُؤذيه بمَكَّةَ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فلا\".\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"المخزومي\".\n(^٣) لَحًّا: أي لاصق النسب. ينظر التاج ٧/ ٨٩ (ل ح ح).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٦٢، ٦٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٨٤) عن أبي كريب به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٧٥).","vol":"18","page":389},{"text":"١٨٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُلاثَةَ محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرِو بنُ خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن عَتابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا القاسِمُ الجَوهَرِيُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ - وهَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ موسَى، وحَديثُ عُروةَ بمَعناه - قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ بَنِي نُفاثَةَ مِن بَنِي الدِّيلِ أغاروا على بَنِي كَعبٍ وهُم في المُدَّةِ التي بَينَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وبَينَ قُرَيشٍ، وكانَت (^١) بَنو كَعبٍ في صُلحِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وكانَت بَنو نُفاثَةَ في صُلحِ قُرَيشٍ، فأَعانَت بَنو بكل بَنِي نُفاثَةَ وأَعانَتهُم قُرَيشٌ بالسِّلاحِ والرَّقيقِ. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ قال: فخَرَجَ رَكبٌ مِن بَني كَعبٍ حَتَّى أتَوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَروا له الَّذِي أصابَهُم وما كان مِن قُرَيشٍ عَلَيهِم في ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ خُروجِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مَكَّةَ، وقِصَّةَ العباسِ وأَبِي سُفيانَ حينَ أُتِيَ به رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بمَر الظَّهرانِ ومَعَه حَكيمُ بنُ حِزامٍ وبُدَيلُ بن ورقاءَ، قال: فقالَ أبو سُفيانَ وحَكيمٌ: يا رسولَ الله، ادعُ النّاسَ إلَى الأمان، أرأيتَ إنِ اعتَزَلَت قُرَيشٌ فكَفَّت أيديَها، آمِنونَ هُم؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَعَم، مَن كَفَّ يَدَه وأَغلَقَ دارَه فهو آمِنٌ\". قالوا: فابعَثْنا نُؤَذِّنْ بذَلِكَ فيهِم. قال: \"انطَلِقوا، فمَن دَخَلَ دارَكَ يا أبا سُفيانَ ودارَكَ يا حَكيمُ وكَفَّ يَدَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كانوا\".","vol":"18","page":390},{"text":"فهو آمِنٌ\". ودارُ أبي سُفيانَ بأَعلَى مَكَّةَ ودارُ حَكِيمٍ بأَسفَلِ مَكَّةَ، فلَمّا تَوَجَّها ذاهِبَينِ قال العباسُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي لا آمَنُ أبا سُفيان أن يَرجِعَ عن إسلامِه، [فاردُدْه حَتَّى نَقِفَه] (^١) ويَرَى جُنودَ اللَّهِ مَعَكَ. فأَدرَكَه عباسٌ فحَبَسَه، فقالَ أبو سُفيانَ: أغَدرًا يا بَنِي هاشِمٍ؟ فقالَ العباسُ: سَتَعلَمُ أنا لَسنا نَغدِرُ (^٢)، ولَكِن لِي إلَيكَ حاجَةٌ، فأَصبحْ حَتَّى تَنظُرَ جُنودَ اللهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ إيقافِ أبي سُفيانَ حَتَّى مَرَّت به الجُنودُ، قال: وبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوَّامِ على المُهاجِرينَ وخَيلِهِم، وأَمَرَه أن يَدخُلَ مِن كَداءٍ مِن أعلَى مَكَّةَ، وأَعطاه رايَتَه، وأَمَرَه أن يَغرِزَها بالحَجونِ ولا يَبرَحَ حَيثُ أمَرَه أن يَغرِزَها حَتَّى يأتيَه، وبَعَثَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ فيمَن كان أسلَمَ مِن قُضاعَةَ وبَنِي سُلَيمٍ وناسًا أسلَموا قبلَ ذَلِكَ، وأَمَرَه أن يَدخُلَ مِن أسفَلِ مَكَّةَ، وأَمَرَه أن يَغرِزَ رايَتَه عِندَ أدنَى البُيوتِ بأَسفَلِ مَكَّةَ، وبِأَسفَلِ مَكَّةَ بَنو بكرٍ وبَنو الحارِثِ بنِ عبد مَناةٍ وهُذَيلٌ ومَن كان مَعَهُم مِنَ الأحابيشِ قَدِ استَنصَرَت بهِم قُرَيشٌ، فأَمَرَهُم أن يَكونوا بأَسفَلِ مَكَّةَ، وبَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ في كَتيبَةِ الأنصارِ في مُقَدِّمَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، وأَمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن يَكُفّوا أيديَهُم فلا يُقاتِلوا أحَدًا إلَّا مَن قاتَلَهُم، وأَمَرَهُم (^٣) بقَتلِ أربَعَةِ نَفَرٍ؛ مِنهُم عبدُ اللهِ بن سَعدِ بنِ أبي سَرحٍ، والحارِثُ بن نُقَيدٍ، وابنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قال: رده حتى يقف\".\n(^٢) في م: \"بغدر\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وأمر\".","vol":"18","page":391},{"text":"خَطَلٍ، ومِقيَسُ بن صُبابَةَ، وأَمَرَ بقَتلِ قَينَتَينِ لابنِ خَطَلٍ كانَتا تُغَنّيانِ بهِجاءِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فمَرَّتِ الكَتائبُ يَتلو بَعضُها بَعضًا على أبي سُفيانَ وحَكيمٍ وبُدَيلٍ، لا تَمُرُّ عَلَيهِم كَتيبَة إلَّا سألوا عَنها، حَتَّى مَرَّت عَلَيهِم كَتيبَةُ الأنصارِ فيها سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ، فنادَى سَعدٌ أبا سُفيانَ: اليَومُ يَومُ المَلحَمَة، اليَومَ تُستَحَلُّ الحُرمَةُ. فلَمَّا مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بأَبِي سُفيانَ في المُهاجِرينَ قال: يا رسولَ الله، أمَرتَ بقَومِكَ أن يُقتَلوا؟ فإِنَّ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ ومَن مَعَه حينَ مَرُّوا بي نادانِي سَعدٌ فقالَ: اليَومُ يَومُ المَلحَمَة، اليَومَ تُستَحَلُّ الحُرمَةُ. وإِنِّي أُناشِدُكَ اللهَ في قَومِكَ. فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ فعَزَلَه وجَعَلَ الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوَّامِ مَكانَه على الأنصارِ مَعَ المُهاجِرينَ، فسارَ الزُّبَيرُ بالنَّاسِ حَتَّى وقَفَ بالحَجون، وغَرَزَ بها رأيَةَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، واندَفَعَ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مِن أسفَلِ مَكَّةَ، فلَقِيَته بَنو بكرٍ فقاتَلوه فهُزِموا، وقُتِلَ مِن بَني بكرٍ قَريبٌ مِن عِشرينَ رَجُلًا، ومِن هُذَيلٍ ثَلاثَة أو أربَعَة، وانهَزَموا وقُتِلوا بالحَزوَرَةِ (^١) حَتَّى بَلَغَ قَتلُهُم بابَ المَسجِد، وفَرَّ فضَضُهُم (^٢) حَتَّى دَخَلوا الدُّورَ، وارتَفَعَت (^٣) طائفَةٌ مِنهُم على الجِبالِ واتَّبَعَهُمُ المُسلِمونَ بالسُّيوف، ودَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في المُهاجِرينَ الأَوَّلينَ في أُخرَياتِ\n_________\n(^١) الحَزْوَرَة: سوق من أسواق مكة، يعرف اليوم باسم القشاشية، مرتفع يقابل المسعى من مطلع الشمس. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٩٨.\n(^٢) فضضهم: من انفض من جمعهم. ينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥١٨.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"وارتقت\".","vol":"18","page":392},{"text":"النّاس، وصاحَ أبو سُفيانَ حينَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ: مَن أغلَقَ دارَه وكَفَّ يَدَه فهو آمِنٌ. فقالَت له هِندُ بنتُ عُتبَةَ وهِيَ امرأتُه: قَبَّحَكَ اللَّهُ مِن طَليعَةِ قَومٍ، وقَبَّحَ عَشيرَتَكَ مَعَكَ. وأَخَذَت بلِحيَةِ أبي سُفيانَ ونادَت: يا آلَ غالِبٍ اقتُلوا الشيخَ الأحمَقَ، هَلَّا قاتَلتُم ودَفَعتُم عن أنفُسِكُم وبِلادِكُم؟! فقالَ لَها أبو سُفيانَ: ويحَكِ اسكُتِي وادخُلِي بَيتَك، فإِنَّه جاءَنا بالخُلُقِ (^١). ولَمَّا عَلا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَنيَّةَ كَداءٍ نَظَرَ إلَى البارِقَةِ على الجَبَلِ مَعَ فضضِ المُشرِكينَ فقالَ: \"ما هذا وقَد نَهَيتُ عن القِتالِ؟ \". فقالَ المُهاجِرونَ: نَظُنُّ أن خَالِدًا قوتِلَ وبُدِئَ بالقِتالِ فلَم يَكُنْ له بُدٌّ مِن أن يُقاتِلَ مَن قاتَلَه، وما كان يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ليَعصيَكَ ولا ليُخالِفَ أمرَكَ. فهَبَطَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ فأَجازَ على الحَجون، واندَفَعَ الزُّبَيرُ بن العَوَّامِ حَتَّى وقَفَ ببابِ الكَعبَةِ. وذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ قال فيها: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِخالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ: \"لِمَ قاتَلتَ وقَد نَهَيتُكَ عن القِتالِ؟ \". فقالَ: هُم بَدءُونا بالقِتال، ووَضَعوا فينا السِّلاحَ، وأَشعَرونا (^٢) بالنَّبل، وقَد كَفَفتُ يَدِي ما استَطَعتُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَضَاءُ اللّهِ ﷿ خَيرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الصَّبَّاح، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عبد الكَريم، حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"بالحق\".\n(^٢) أشعرونا: أي طعنونا. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٦٣، ٥٤٦٥)، والدلائل ٥/ ٣٩، ٤٠.","vol":"18","page":393},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بن عَقيلِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، عن أبيه، عن وهب قال: سألتُ جايرًا: هَل غَنِموا يَومَ الفَتحِ شَيئًا؟ قال: لا (^١).\n\n١٨٣٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن عَبَّادٍ، عن أبيه، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - في قِصَّةِ أبي قُحافَةَ وابنَةٍ له مِن أصغَرِ ولَدِه كانَت تَقودُه يَومَ الفَتح، حَتَّى إذا هَبَطَت به إلَى الأبطَحِ لَقِيَتها الخَيلُ وفِي عُنُقِها طَوقٌ لَها مِن ورِقٍ، فاقتَطَعَه إنسانٌ مِن عُنُقِها، فلَمّا دَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - المَسجِدَ خَرَجَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - حَتَّى جاءَ بأَبيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إسلامِه، ثُمَّ قامَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - فأَخَذَ بيَدِ أُختِه فقالَ: أنشُدُهُم باللهِ والإسلامِ طَوقَ أُختِي. فواللهِ ما أجابَه أحَدٌ، ثُمَّ قال الثانيَةَ، فما أجابَه أحَدٌ، فقالَ: يا أُخَيَّةُ، احتَسِبِي طَوقَك، فواللهِ إنَّ الأمانَةَ اليَومَ في النّاسِ لَقَليلٌ (^٢).\nوهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّهُم لَم يَغنَموا شَيئًا، وأَنَّها فُتِحَت صُلحًا؛ إذ لَو فُتِحَت عَنوَةً لَكانَت وما مَعَها غيمَةً، ولَكانَ أبو بكرٍ لا يَطلُبُ طَوقَها.\n\n١٨٣٣١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إملاءً وقِراءَة قال (^٣): حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٢٣). وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦١٢).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٥/ ٩٥، ٩٦، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٩٥٦)، وابن حبان (٧٢٠٨)، والطبراني ٢٤/ ٨٨ (٢٣٦) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٧٤: رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجالهما ثقات.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"18","page":394},{"text":"وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بن حُسَينٍ، أن عمرَو بنَ عثمانَ أخبَرَه عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵄ - قال: يا رسولَ الله، أتَنزِلُ في دارِكَ بمَكَّةَ؟ قال: \"وهَل تَرَكَ لَنا عَقيلٌ مِن رِباع أو دُورٍ؟ \". وكانَ عَقيلٌ ورِثَ أبا طالِبٍ هو وطالِبٌ، ولَم يَرِثْه عليٌّ ولا جَعفَرٌ شَيئًا؛ لأنَّهُما كانا مُسلِمَين، وكانَ عَقيلٌ وطالِبٌ كافِرَينِ (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3843>بابُ ما قُسِمَ مِنَ الدُّورِ والأراضِي في الجاهِليَّة، ثُمَّ أسلَمَ أهلُها عَلَيها</span>\n\n١٨٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: سألتُ الشّافِعِيَّ عن أهلِ الدّارِ مِن أهلِ الحَربِ يَقسِمونَ الدّارَ، ويَملِكُ بَعضهُم على بَعضٍ على ذَلِكَ القَسْمِ ويُسلِمونَ، ثُمَّ يُريدُ بَعضُهُم أن يَنقُضَ ذَلِكَ القَسْمَ ويَقسِمَه على قَسْمِ الأموالِ؛ فقالَ: لَيس ذَلِكَ له. فقُلتُ: وما الحُجَّةُ في ذَلِكَ؟ قال: الاستِدلالُ بمَعنَى الإجماعِ والسُّنَّةِ. فذَكَرَ ما لا يُؤاخَذونَ به مِن قَتلِ بَعضِهِم بَعضًا وسَبي بَعضِهِم بَعضًا وغَصبِ بَعضِهِم بَعضًا، ثُمَّ قال: مَعَ أنَّه أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدَّيلِيِّ قال: بَلَغَنِي أن رسُولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما دارٍ أو أرضٍ قُسِمَت\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٩٨)، وفي المعرفة (٣٦٠٢). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٣٥٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (١٥٨٨)، ومسلم (١٣٥١/ ٤٣٩). وتقدم عقب (١٢٣٥٥).","vol":"18","page":395},{"text":"في الجاهِليةِ فهِيَ على قَسْمِ الجاهِليَّة، وأَيُّما دارٍ أو أرضٍ أدرَكَها الإسلامُ لَم تُقسَمْ فهِيَ على قَسْمِ الإسلامِ\" (^١). قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: ونَحنُ نَروِي فيه حَديثًا أثبَتَ مِن هذا (^٢) بمِثلِ مَعناه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَعَلَّه أرادَ ما:\n\n١٨٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا [أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ] (^٤) زيادٍ النَّحوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ نُعَيمٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي الشَّعثاءِ جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - - قال: \"كُلُّ قَسْمٍ قُسِمَ في الجاهِليَّةِ فهو على ما قُسِمَ عَلَيه، وكُلُّ قَسْمٍ قُسِمَ في الإسلامِ فهو على مما قُسِمَ في الإسلامِ\" (^٥). لَفظُ حَديثِ تَمتامٍ.\nوقَد روِيَ حَديثُ مالكٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n١٨٣٣٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن المُظَفَّرِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن أبي داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٦٨)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢١٩، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٧.\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"بلغنى\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٢١٩.\n(^٤) في النسخ عدا ص ٨: \"محمد بن أحمد\". وقد تقدم مرارًا كالمثبت.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩١٤)، وابن ماجة (٢٤٨٥) من طريق موسى بن داود به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٢٨).","vol":"18","page":396},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن مالكٍ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -:. فذَكَرَه مِثلَ رِوايَةِ الشّافِعِيِّ ﵀ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3844>بابُ تَركِ أخذِ المُشرِكينَ بما أصابوا</span>\n\n١٨٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرنِي أبو عمرٍو المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بن عَمَّارٍ وأبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ في قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال في خُطبَتِه: \"ألا وَإِنَّ كُلَّ شَئٍ مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضُوعٌ تَحتَ قَدَمَيَّ، ودِماءُ الجاهِليَّةِ مَوضُوعَةٌ، وأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أضَعُه مِن دِمائنا دَمُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ\". يَعنِي ابنَ عبد المُطَّلِب، وكانَ مُستَرضَعًا (^٢) في بَنِي سَعدٍ فقَتَلَته هُذَيلٌ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٣٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي مُسلِمُ بن يَزيدَ أحَدُ بَنِي سَعدِ بنِ بكرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) مشيخة ابن طهمان (٧٩). وينظر الأحاديث التي خولف فيها مالك ص ١٥٢.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مرتضعا\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٨٩٧، ١٠٥٦٢، ١٨٢٧٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٨).","vol":"18","page":397},{"text":"قَيسٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه أبو شُرَيحٍ الخُزاعِيُّ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الفَتحِ لَقُوا رَجُلًا مِن هُذَيل كانوا يَطلُبونَه بذَحْل (^١) في الجاهِليَّة، في الحَرَمِ يَؤُمُّ (^٢) رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ليُبايِعَه على الإسلامِ فقَتَلوه، فلَقا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَضِبَ، فسَعَت بَنو بكرٍ إلَى أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - يَستَشفِعونَ بهِم إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمَّا كان العَشِيُّ قامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في النّاس، فأَثنَى على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ ولَم يُحِلَّها لِلنَّاسِ - أو قال: ولَم يُحَرِّمْها النّاسُ - وِإنَّما أحَلَّها لِي ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، ثُمَّ هِيَ حَرامٌ كما حَرَّمَها اللَّهُ أوَّل مَرَّة، وإِنَّ أعدَى النّاسِ على اللَّهِ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ رَجُلٌ قَتلَ فيها، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيرَ قاتِلِه، ورَجُلٌ طَلَبَ بذَحْلِ الجاهِليَّة، وِإنِّي واللهِ لأديَنَّ هذا الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي أَصَبتُم\". قال أبو شُرَيح: فوَداه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن أبي حَبيبٍ، عن راشِدٍ مَولَى حَبيبٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي أوسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن العاصِ. فذَكَرَ الحديث في قِصَّةِ إسلامِه قال: ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمتُ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، أُبايِعُكَ على أنَّ يُغفَرَ لي ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِي. ولَم أذْكُرْ ما تأخَّرَ، فقالَ لِي: \"يا عمرُو، بايعْ؛ فإِنَّ الإسلامَ يَجُبُّ ما كان قَبلَه، وإِنَّ الهِجرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الذَّحْل: الثأر. التاخ ٢٩/ ١١ (ذ خ ل).\n(^٢) يؤم: يقصد. اللسان ١٢/ ٢٢ (أ م م).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٢٢٦).","vol":"18","page":398},{"text":"تَجُبُّ ما كان قَبلَها\". فبايَعتُه (^١).\n\n١٨٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بن عبد الواحِدِ النَّحوِيُّ غُلامُ ثعلَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بن يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ والأَعْمَش، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ الله، أنُؤاخَذُ بما عَمِلنا في الجاهِليَّةِ؟ قال: \"مَن أحسَنَ في الإسلامِ لَم يُؤاخَذْ بما عَمِلَ في الجاهِليَّة، ومَن أساءَ في الإسلامِ أُخِذَ بالأَوَّلِ والآخِرِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أنُؤاخَذُ بما كُنَّا نَعمَلُ في الجاهِليَّةِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَن أحسَنَ في الإسلامِ لَم يُؤاخَذْ بما عَمِلَ في الجاهِليَّة، ومَن أساءَ أُخِذَ بالأَوَّلِ والآخِرِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ٤٥٤، والمصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٧٧)، والطبراني في الأحاديث الطوال (١٢) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٩/ ٣٥١: رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجالهما ثقات.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٨٦)، وأبو يعلى (٥١١٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٩٢١).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٠٣)، وابن ماجة (٤٢٤٢) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٠/ ١٢٠).","vol":"18","page":399},{"text":"وإِنَّما أرادَ به في الآخِرَة، وكأنَّه جَعَلَ الإيمانَ كَفَّارَةً لِما مَضَى مِن كُفرِه، وجَعَلَ العَمَلَ الصَّالِحَ بَعدَه (^١) كَفّارَة لِما مَضَى مِن ذُنوبِه سِوَى كُفرِهِ.\n\n١٨٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، أرأيتَ أُمورًا كُنتُ أتَحَنَّثُ بها في الجاهِلِيَّةِ مِن عَتاقَةٍ وصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ، هَل لِي فيها مِن أجرٍ؟ فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أسلَمتَ على ما سَلَفَ لَكَ مِن خَيرٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وعَبدٍ (^٣) عن عبد الرَّزَّاق، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3845>بابُ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ المُسلِميَن قَد شَهِدَ الحَربَ يَقَعُ على الجاريَةِ مِنَ السَّبي قبلَ القَسْمِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ: أُخِذَ مِنه عُقرُها (^٥)، ولا حَدَّ مِن قِبَلِ الشُّبهَةِ في أنَّه يَملِكُ مِنها شَيئًا (^٦).\n\n١٨٣٤١ - أخبرَنا الامامُ أبو الفَتح، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بعد\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٦٨٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٣١٨). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٢٩) من طريق الزهري به. وسيأتي في (٢١٦٢٠، ٢١٦٢١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"غيره\". وعبدٌ هو عبد بن حميد.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٣/ ١٩٥)، والبخارى (١٤٣٦).\n(^٥) العُقْر: إعطاء المرأة شيئًا كالمهر إذا غشيها على شبهة. ينظر غريب الحديث للحربي ٣/ ٩٩٧.\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ٢٦٩.","vol":"18","page":400},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن رُشَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محِمدُ بن رَبيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن زيادٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ادرَءوا الحُدودَ ما استَطَعتُم، فإِن وجَدتُم لِلمُسلِمينَ مَخرَجًا فخَلُّوا سَبيلَه، فإنَّ الإمامَ أن يُخطِئَ في العَفوِ خَيرٌ مِن أن يُخطِئَ في العُقوبَةِ\" (^١).\nورُوّينا في ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ - ﵄ - وغَيرِهِما، وأَصحُّ الرواياتِ فيه عن الصَّحابَةِ رِوايَةُ عاصمٍ عن أبي وائلٍ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مِن قَولِه، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحُدودِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن أبي السَّريَّة، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ سُئلَ عن جاريَةٍ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ وقَعَ عَلَيها أحَدُهُما. قال: هو خائنٌ لَيسَ عَلَيه حَدٌّ، يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه قيمَةً (^٣).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به تَقويمَ البُضعِ عَلَيه، فيَرجِعُ إلَى المَهر، غَيرَ أن وكيعًا رَواه عن إسماعيلَ عن عُمَيرِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ - وهو اسمُ أبي السَّريَّةِ - فقالَ: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن جاريَةٍ كانَت بَينَ رَجُلَينِ فوَقَعَ عَلَيها أحَدُهُما، قال: لَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧١٣٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧١٤٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٦٣) عن سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":401},{"text":"عَلَيه حَدٌّ، تُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه قيمَتُها ويأخُذُها.\n\n١٨٣٤٣ - أنبأنيه أبو عبد اللهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليد، أخبرَنا ابنُ زُهَيرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهَذا يحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ فيه إذا حَمَلَت مِنه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3846>بابُ المَرأَةِ تُسبَى مَعَ زَوجِها</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: سَبَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَبىَ أوطاسٍ وسَبىَ بَنِي المُصطَلِق، وأسَرَ مِن رِجالِ هَؤُلاءِ وهَؤُلاء، وقَسَمَ السَّبيَ، فأَمَرَ ألا توطأ حامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ، ولا حائلٌ (^٢) حَتَّى تَحيضَ، ولَم يَسأَلْ عن ذاتِ زَوجٍ ولا غَيرِها، ولا هَل سُبِيَ زَوجٌ مَعَ امرأتِه ولا غَيرُهُ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الهَيثَم، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن سعيدٍ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن قَيسِ بنِ وهبٍ والمُجالِد، عن أبي الوَدّاك، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: أصَبنا سَبايا يَومَ أوطاسٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا توطأُ حامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَملَها، ولا غَيرُ حامِلٍ حَتَّى تَحيضَ حَيضَةً\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٩٩٠) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) الحائل: التي قد وُطِئَتْ فلم تحمل. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٦٥.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٧.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٤٦٩٥). وتقدم في (١٠٨٩٢، ١٥٦٨٤).","vol":"18","page":402},{"text":"القاضي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي مَرزوقٍ مَولَى تُجَيبَ، عن حَنَشٍ الصَّنعانِيِّ قال: غَزَونا مَعَ أبي روَيفِع الأنصارِيِّ المَغرِبَ، فافتَتَحَ قَريَةً فقامَ خَطيبًا فقالَ: إنِّي لا أقولُ فيكُم إلَّا ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ فينا يَومَ خَيبَرَ، قامَ فينا ﵇ فقالَ: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَسقِيَ ماءَه زَرعَ غَيرِه\" - يَعنِي إتيانَ الحَبالَى مِنَ الفَئِ - \"ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يُصيبَ امرأةً مِنَ السَّبيِ ثَيِّبًا حَتَّى يَستَبرِئَها، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَبيعَ مَغنَمًا حَتَّى يُقسَمَ، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ يَركَبُ (^١) دابَّةً مِن فئِ المُسلِمينَ حَتَّى إذا أعجَفَها رَدَّها فيه، ولا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَلبَسَ ثَوبًا مِن فئِ المُسلِمينَ حَتَّى إذا أخلَقَه رَدَّه\" (^٢). كَذا قال يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ: يَومَ خَيبَرَ. وإِنَّما هو يَومَ حُنَينٍ. كَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن ابنِ إسحاقَ (^٣)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُ ابنِ إسحاقَ، وقالَ غَيرُه: روَيفِعُ بن ثابِتٍ. وهو الصَّحيحُ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ودَلَّ ذَلِكَ على أنَّ السِّباءَ نَفسَه انقِطاعُ العِصمَةِ بَينَ الزَّوجَين، وذَلِكَ أنَّه لا يأمُرُ بوَطءِ ذاتِ زَوجٍ بَعدَ حَيضَةٍ إلَّا وذَلِكَ قَطعُ العِصمَة، وقَد ذَكَرَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ أن قَولَ اللهِ ﷿:\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أن يركب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأثير في أسد الغابة ٢/ ٢٤٠ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به. تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٦٨٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٥٦٨٥) وفيه: رويفع بن ثابت.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٠٦٦).","vol":"18","page":403},{"text":"﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٤]: ذَواتُ الأزواجِ اللَّاتِي مَلَكتُموهُنَّ بالسِّباءِ (^١).\nقال الشيخ ﵀: ورُوِّينا في كِتابِ النِّكاحِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ نَحوَ قَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الأعلَى، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي الخَليل، أن أبا عَلقَمَةَ الهاشِمِيَّ حَدَّثَه أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ حَدَّثَه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً يَومَ حُنَينٍ فأَصابوا جَيشًا مِنَ العَرَبِ يَومَ أوطاسٍ فقاتَلوهُم وهَزَموهُم، فأَصابوا نِساءً لَهُنَّ أزواجٌ، فكأنَّ أُناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - تأثَّموا مِن غِشيانِهِنَّ مِن أجلِ أزواجِهِنَّ، فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ فهُنَّ لَكُم حَلالٌ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤). وأَخرَجَه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ القَواريرِيِّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زرَيعٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ بمَعناه، زادَ فيه: أي: فهُنَّ لَهُم حَلالٌ إذا انقَضَت عِدَّتُهُنَّ (^٥).\n\n١٨٣٤٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٠. وينظر ١٤/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٤٠٦٩ - ١٤٠٧١).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤٠٦٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥٦/ ٣٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٤٥٦/ ٣٣).","vol":"18","page":404},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3847>بابُ وطءِ السَّبايا بالمِلكِ قبلَ الخُروجِ مِن دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ إسماعيلُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مِيكالَ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ الأهوازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن الحَريشِ والحَسَنُ بن الحارِثِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو هَمّامٍ يَعنِي محمدَ بنَ الزِّبرِقان، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: أصَبنا سَبايا في سَبي بَنِي المُصطَلِق، فأَرَدنا أن نَستَمتِعَ وألا يَلِدنَ، فسألنا عن ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُم ألا تَفعَلوا، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَد كَتَبَ مَن هو خالِقٌ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الفَرَجِ مَولَى بَنِي هاشِمٍ عن محمدِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِي ﵀: وعَرَّسَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بصفيَّةَ بالصَّهباء، وهِيَ غَيرُ بلادِ الإسلامِ يَومَئذٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٧٠٣)، والمعرفة (٤١٦٤)، وأبو داود (٢١٥٥). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٤٠٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٦٨٨)، والبخارى (٧٤٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤١٩٣) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وتقدم في (١٤٤٢٣، ١٤٤٢٤، ١٨٠٣٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٢٦).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٦٦.","vol":"18","page":405},{"text":"الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَين، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال لأبِي طَلحَةَ حينَ أرادَ الخُروجَ إلَى خَيبَرَ: \"التَمِسْ لِي غُلامًا مِن غِلمانِكُم يَخدُمُنِي\". فخَرَجَ بي أبو طَلحَةَ مُردِفِي وأَنا غُلامٌ قَد راهَقتُ، فكانَ إذا نَزَلَ خَدَمتُه، فسَمِعتُه كَثيرًا مِمَّا (^١) يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أعوذُ بكَ مِنَ الهَمِّ والحَزَن، والعَجزِ والكَسَل، والبُخلِ والجُبن، وظَلَعِ الدَّينِ (^٢) وغَلَبَةِ الرِّجالِ\". فلَمَّا فُتِحَ الحِصنُ ذُكِرَ له جَمالُ صَفيَّةَ، وكانَت عَروسًا وقُتِلَ زَوجُها، فاصطَفاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِنَفسِه، فلَمَّا كُنَّا بسَدِّ الصَّهباءِ حَلَّت، فبَنَى بها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، واتَّخَذَ حَيسًا في نِطَعٍ صَغيرٍ، وكانَت وليمَةً، فرأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحَوِّي لَها بعَباءَةٍ خَلفَه، ويَجلِسُ عِندَ ناقَتِه فيَضَعُ رُكبَتَه، فتَجِيءُ صَفيَّةُ فتَضَعُ رِجلَها على رُكبَتِه ثُمَّ تَركَبُ، فلَمَّا بَدا لَنا أُحُدٌ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"هذا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا ونُحِبُّه\". فلَمَّا أشرَفَ على المَدينَةِ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إن إِبراهيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، اللَّهُمَّ وإِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ ما بَينَ لابَتَيها، اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَهُم في صاعِهِم ومُدِّهِم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه عن قتيبَةَ عن يَعقوبَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقه في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي س، م: \"ما\".\n(^٢) قال القاضي عياض عن رواية البخاري: كذا روى في موضع عن الأصيلي، ووهمه بعضهم، والمعروف ما لغيره: ضلع بالضاد، وهو ثقله وشدته، وتخرج رواية الأصيلى على ما تقدم من الاختلاف لأهل اللغة في ظلع الدابة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٢.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٤١) عن سعيد بن منصور به، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٨٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٦٥).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٨٩٣)، ومسلم (١٣٦٥/ ٤٦٢).","vol":"18","page":406},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد غَزا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ المُرَيسيعِ بامرأةٍ أوِ امرأتَينِ مِن نِسائه، والغَزوُ بالنِّساءِ أولَى - لَو كان فيه مَكروهٌ - أن يَتَوَقَّى (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد مَضَتِ الأحاديثُ في ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ القَسْم، ومَضت أحاديثُ في غَزوِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بالنِّساءِ في هذا الكِتابِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3848>بابُ بَيعِ السَّبي وغَيِره في دارِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ المَحبوبِيُّ بمَروَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَسعودٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا شَيبانُ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن (^٣) لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّة، وعن النِّساءِ الحَبالَى أن يوطأْنَ حَتَّى يَضَعنَ ما في بُطونِهِنَّ، وعن كُلِّ ذِي نابٍ مِنَ السِّباع، وعن بَيعِ الخُمُسِ حَتَّى يُقسَمَ. وقالَ في مَوضِعِ آخَرَ: وعن شِرَى المَغنَمِ حَتَّى يُقسَمَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٥١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم (١٣٠٤٢ - ١٣٠٤٥).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"أكل\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٠. وأخرجه البزار (٤٩٣٦)، وابن الجارود (٧٣٢) من طريق عيد الله بن موسى به. وأحمد (٣٠٠٢) من طريق الأعمش به مختصرًا.","vol":"18","page":407},{"text":"الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا المُغيرَةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - رضي الله عنهكما -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يوقَعَ على الحَبالَى حَتَّى يَضَعنَ حَملَهُنَّ، وقالَ: \"زَرعُ غَيرِكَ\". وعن بَيعِ المَغانِمِ قبلَ أن تُقسَمَ، وعن أكلِ الحُمُرِ الإنسيَّة، وعن كُلِّ ذِي نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ (^١).\nدَليلُه أنَّها إذا قُسِمَت جازَ بَيعُها.\nوقَد مَضَتِ الدِّلالَةُ على جَوازِ قَسْمِها (^٢) في دارِ الحَربِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3849>بابُ التَّفريقِ بَينَ المَرأَةِ ووَلَدِها</span>\n\n١٨٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المُؤمِنِ بن خالِدٍ الرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ السَّلامِ بن حَرب، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ أبي خالِدٍ الدَّالانِيِّ، عن الحَكَم، عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبي شَبيبٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ أنَّه باعَ جاريَةً ووَلَدَها ففَرَّقَ بَينَهُما، فنَهاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (١١١٤٦) من طريق المغيرة به. والنسائي (٤٦٥٩)، والبزار (٤٩١٣)، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٦٨ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٤٣٣٠).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"قسمتها\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٨٨٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٥.","vol":"18","page":408},{"text":"عبدُ السَّلامِ بن حَربٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ إسنادِه، أنَّه فرَّقَ بَينَ جاريَةٍ ووَلَدِها، فنَهاه النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ورَدَّ البَيعَ. قال أبو داودَ: مَيمونٌ لَم يُدرِكْ عَليًّا (^١).\n\n١٨٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عَونُ بن سَلَّامٍ، عن أبي مَريَمَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبي شَبيبٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: أصَبتُ جاريَةً مِنَ السَّبي مَعَها ابنٌ لَها، فأَرَدتُ أن أبيعَها وأُمسِكَ ابنَها، فقالَ لي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - \"بعْهُما جَميعًا، أو أمسِكْهُما جَميعًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَمِ بنِ أعيَنَ المصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ وأَنَسُ بن عياضٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه. قال ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ: عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن أبا أُسَيدٍ الأنصارِيَّ قَدِمَ بسَبيٍ مِنَ البحرَينِ فصُفّوا، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فنَظَرَ إلَيهِم فإِذا امرأةٌ تَبكِي، فقالَ: \"ما يُبكيكِ؟ \". قالَت: بيعَ ابنِي في عَبسٍ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - لأبِي أُسَيدٍ: \"لَتَركَبَنَّ فلَتَجيئَنَّ به كما بعتَ بالثَّمَنِ\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٧٨)، وأبو داود (٢٦٩٦).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (١١٠٨٠). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣٧٥، ٣٧٦ من طريق عون بن سلام به.","vol":"18","page":409},{"text":"فرَكِبَ أبو أُسَيدٍ فجاءَ بهِ (^١). هذا وإِن كان فيه إرسالٌ فهو مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ شاهِدٌ لما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n١٨٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حُيَيُّ بن عبد اللهِ المَعافِرِيُّ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي أيُّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن فَرَّقَ بَينَ والِدَةٍ ووَلَدِها فرَّقَ اللهُ بَينَه وبَينَ أحِبَّتِه يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٢).\nوروِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي أيُّوبَ:\n\n١٨٣٥٧ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو صادِقِ بنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُتبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بن حُمَيدٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الوَلَدِ وأُمُّه فرَّقَ اللهُ بَينَه وبَينَ أحِبَّتِهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٧٩)، والحاكم ٣/ ٥١٦، وصححه، وقال الذهبي: مرسل. وأخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ٢٥٠ عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ٢٤٨، والطبراني (٤٠٨٠) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والترمذي (١٢٨٣، ١٥٦٦) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. وأحمد (٢٣٤٩٩، ٢٣٥١٣) من طريق أبي عبد الرَّحمن به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (١٠٣٢).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (١١٠٨١).","vol":"18","page":410},{"text":"١٨٣٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ ضُمَيرَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه ضُمَيرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بأُمِّ ضمَيرَةَ وهِيَ تَبكِي فقالَ: \"ما يُبكيكِ؟ أجائعَةٌ أنت، أم عاريَةٌ أنتِ؟ \". فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، فُرِّقَ بَينِي وبَينَ ابنِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ والِدَةٍ ووَلَدِها\". ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى الَّذِي عِندَه ضُمَيرَةُ، فدَعاه فابتاعَه مِنه ببَكرَةٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - استَعمَلَ شُرَحبيلَ بنَ السِّمطِ على المَدائنِ وأَبوه بالشّام، فكَتَبَ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵁ -: إِنَكَ تأمُرُ ألَّا يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ السَّبايا وبَينَ أولادِهِنَ، فإِنَّكَ قَد فرَّقتَ بَينِي وبَينَ ابنِي (^٢). فكَتَبَ إلَيه،\n_________\n(^١) البَكْر: الفتيُّ من الإبل، والأنثى بَكْرة. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ١٨٦.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن منده في معرفة الصحابة - كما في الأربعين المتباينة السماع لابن حجر ١/ ٤٣ من طريق أبي العباس الأصم به. وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤/ ٢٧٢ من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والبخارى في تاريخه ٢/ ٣٨٨، ٣٨٩ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أبي\".","vol":"18","page":411},{"text":"فأَلحَقَه بأَبيهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٣٦٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الله، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيُّوبَ قال: أمَرَ عثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - أن يُشتَرَى له رَقيقٌ، وقالَ: لا تُفَرِّقَنَّ (^٢) بَينَ الوالِدِ ووَلَدِهِ (^٣).\nورُوِيَ هذا مَوصولًا:\n\n١٨٣٦١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بن الهَيثَم، أن إبراهيمَ بنَ أبي اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم، حَدَّثَنَا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أيُّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عِقالِ قال: نَهانِي عثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ - ﵁ - أن أُفَرِّقَ بَينَ الوالِدِ ووَلَدِه في البَيعِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عَمَّن سَمِعَ سالِمَ بنَ عبد اللهِ يُحَدِّثُ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: لا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ الأمَةِ ووَلَدِها في القِسمَةِ تَقَعُ. فقالَ له سالِمُ بن عبد اللهِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٢/ ٤٦٠، ٤٦١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يفرق\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٢١) عن معمر عن أيوب عن حميد بن هلال عن حكيم أن عثمان ...\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣١٤٣)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ٢٤٩ من طريق سفيان به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٥٩) من طريق حميد بن هلال به.","vol":"18","page":412},{"text":"وإِن لَم يَعتَدِلِ القَسْمُ؟ قال عبدُ اللهِ: وإِن لَم يَعتَدِلِ القَسْمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3850>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُفَرَّقُ بَينَ الأخَوَينِ في البَيعِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الجَهم، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ الخَفّافُ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، أن عَليًّا - ﵁ - قال: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن أبيعَ غُلامَينِ أخَوَين، فبِعتُهُما وفَرَّقتُ بَينَهُما، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"أدرِكْهُما فارتَجِعْهُما، ولا تَبِعْهُما إلَّا جَميعًا، ولا تُفَرِّقْ بَينَهُما\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ وغَيرُه عن عبد الوَهّابِ (^٣).\nورَواه الزَّعفَرانِيُّ عن عبد الوَهَّابِ عن سعيدٍ عن الحَكَمِ:\n\n١٨٣٦٤ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ الخَفّافُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - قال: أمَرَنِي (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ٢٥٠ من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٦٥، ٦٦، وفي علله ٣/ ٢٧٥ من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وقال ابن القطان في الوهم والإيهام ٥/ ٣٩٦: رواية شعبة صحيحة لا عيب لها، وهي أولى ما اعتمد في هذا الباب. وينظر نصب الراية ٤/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٥٤ من طريق يحيى بن أبي طالب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٦٢٤)، والمحاملي في أماليه (١٧٢) من طريق الحسن بن محمد الزعفرانى به.","vol":"18","page":413},{"text":"كَذا وجَدتُه في أصلِ كِتابِه عن سعيدٍ. ورَواه أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ عن عبد الوَهَّابِ عن سعيدٍ عن رَجُلٍ عن الحَكَمِ:\n\n١٨٣٦٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الخُراسانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّاب، عن سعيدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الحَكَم، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١). قال ابنُ الخُراسانِيُّ: وهو الصَّوابُ.\nقالَ الشيخُ: وهَذا أشبَهُ، وسائرُ أصحابِ شُعبَةَ لَم يَذكُروه عن شُعبَةَ، وسائرُ أصحابِ سعيدٍ قَد ذَكَروه عن سعيدٍ هَكَذا:\n\n١٨٣٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِي، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ سَواءٍ، عن ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عليٍّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه الحَجَّاجُ بن أرطاةَ عن الحَكَمِ عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبي شَبيبٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -:\n\n١٨٣٦٧ - حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٠٤٥). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ١٠٧: ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه - كما في نصب الراية ٤/ ٢٦ - من طريق محمد بن سواء به.","vol":"18","page":414},{"text":"يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ، أخبرَنا الحَجّاجُ، عن الحَكَم، عن مَيمونِ بنِ أبي شَبيبٍ، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: وهَبَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - غُلامَينِ أخَوَينِ فبِعتُ أحَدَهُما، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما فعَلَ الغُلامَانِ؟ \". قُلتُ: بعتُ أحَدَهُما. قال: \"رُدَّه\" (^١). كَذا رَواه الحَجّاجُ، والحَجّاجُ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٢)، وحَديثُ أبي خالِدٍ الدّالانِيِّ عن الحَكَمِ أولَى أن يَكونَ مَحفوظًا لِكَثرَةِ شَواهِدِه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يونُسَ (^٣) السَّرّاجُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِيّ، عن طَلِيقِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حَصينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَلعونٌ مَن فرَّقَ\" (^٤).\nكَذا قالَه أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، وقيلَ عنه فيه (^٥): عن طَلقِ بنِ محمدٍ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٢٤٩) من طريق عفان به. والترمذي (١٢٨٤) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"ابن\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٦٦ من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن يونس به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"18","page":415},{"text":"١٨٣٦٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ، عن طَلِيقِ بنِ عِمرانَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الوالِدِ وبَينَ ولَدِه، وبَينَ الأخِ وبَينَ أخيهِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُجمِّعٍ هذا لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن طَلِيقِ بنِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ عن أبي بُردَةَ عن أبي موسَى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في الوالِدِ ووَلَدِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَد، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أُتِيَ بالسَّبي أعطَى أهلَ البَيتِ جَميعًا، وكَرِهَ أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَهُم (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٢٥٠)، والبزار (٣١٤٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١٢١٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٥٩.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٨٦).","vol":"18","page":416},{"text":"يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ وشَيبانُ وقَيسٌ، كُلُّهُم عن جابِرٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبيه، عن عبد اللهِ قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَبيٍ، فجَعَلَ يُعطى أهلَ البَيتِ كما هُم جَميعًا، وكَرِهَ أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَهُم (^١). جابِرٌ هذا هو ابنُ يَزيدَ الجُعفِيُّ، تَفَرَّدَ به بهَذَينِ الإسنادَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن سُفيانَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ فرُّوخَ، عن أبيه قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطاب - ﵁ - ألا يُفَرَّقَ بَينَ أخَوَينِ مَملوكَينِ في البَيعِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3851>بابُ الوَقتِ الَّذِي يَجوزُ فيه التَّفريقُ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: حَتَّى يَبلُغَ الوَلَدُ سَبعَ سِنينَ أو ثَمانَ سِنينَ. وقاسَ ذَلِكَ على وقتِ التَّخييرِ بَينَ الأبَوَين، وما رُوِيَ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - في ذَلِكَ (^٤)، وقالَ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ: حَتَّى يَبلُغَ.\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِيَ فيه حَديثٌ ضعيفٌ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٣٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٩٠)، وابن ماجة (٢٢٤٨) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليه عقب (١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٥٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣١٣٧)، وابن المنذر في الأوسط ١١/ ٢٥٣ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٣١٩) عن الثورى عن عمرو به.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٤.","vol":"18","page":417},{"text":"١٨٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن إسحاقَ ابنُ (^١) الخُراسانِيُّ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ العَسكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن عمرِو بنِ حَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عبد العَزيزِ التَّنُوخِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مَكحولًا يقولُ: حَدَّثَنَا نافِعُ بن مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيع، عن أبيه، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَ الأُمِّ ووَلَدِها، فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إلَى مَتَى؟ قال: \"حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الغُلامُ وتَحيضَ الجاريَةُ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ قالا: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطنِيُّ ﵀: عبدُ اللهِ بن عمرٍو هذا هو الواقِعِيُّ (^٣)، وهو ضَعيفُ الحديث، رَماه عليُّ بن المَدينيِّ بالكَذِب، ولَم يَروِه عن سعيدٍ غَيرُه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3852>بابُ بَيعِ السَّبي مِن أهلِ الشِّركِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: سَبَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - نِساءَ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ وذَراريَّهُم وباعَهُم مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، فاشتَرَى أبو الشَّحمِ اليَهودِيُّ أهلَ بَيتٍ - عَجوزًا ووَلَدَها - مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وبَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بما بَقِيَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٥. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٦٨/ ٣ من طريق أحمد بن الهيثم به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الواقفى\". وينظر لسان الميزان ٣/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٣/ ٦٨.","vol":"18","page":418},{"text":"السَّبي أثَلاثًا؛ ثُلُثا إلَى تِهامَةَ، وثُلُثا إلَى نَجدٍ، وثُلُثًا إلَى طَريقِ الشَّام، فبِيعوا بالخَيلِ والسِّلاحِ والإِبِلِ والمالِ (^١).\n\n١٨٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ قُرَيظَةَ قال: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مسَعدَ بنَ زَيدٍ أخا بَنِي عبد الأشهَلِ بسَبايا بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ إلَى نَجدٍ، فابتاعَ له بهِم خَيلًا وسِلاحًا (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وكَذَلِكَ النِّساءُ البَوالِغُ، قَدِ استَوهَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - جاريَةً بالِغًا مِن أصحابِه، ففَدَى بها رَجُلَينِ.\n\n١٨٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الأسفاطِيُّ يَعنِي العباسَ بنَ الفَضل، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَهُ، حَدَّثَنِي إياسُ بن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَع، عن أبيه قال: خَرَجْنا مَعَ أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - وأَمَّرَه عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فغَزَونا فزارَةَ، فلَمّا دَنَونا مِنَ الماءِ أمَرَنا أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - به فعَرَّسنا، فلَمّا صَلَّينا الصُّبحَ أمَرَنا أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - به فشَنَنّا الغارَةَ، فنَزَلنا على الماءِ. قال سَلَمَةُ: فنَظَرتُ إلَى عُنُقٍ مِنَ النّاس، فيهِمُ الذُّرِّيَّةُ والنِّساءُ، فخَشِيتُ أن يَسبِقونِي إلَى الجَبَل، فأَخَذتُ آثارَهُم، فرَمَيتُ بسَهمٍ بَينَهُم وبَينَ الجَبَل، فقاموا فجِئتُ أسوقُهُم إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - وفيهِمُ امرأةٌ مِن بَنِي فزارَةَ عَلَيها قَشعٌ (^٣) مِن أدَمٍ، ومَعَها ابنَةٌ لَها مِن أحسَنِ العَرَبِ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٧٠، ٧١، ٧/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٤.\n(^٣) القَشْع: الفرو الخلق. القاموس المحيط ١/ ٩٧٠ (ق ش ع).","vol":"18","page":419},{"text":"فنَفَّلَنِي أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - ابنَتَها، فما كَشَفتُ لَها ثَوبًا، حَتَّى قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ ولَم أكشِفْ لَها ثَوبًا، ولَقِيَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في السُّوقِ فقالَ: \"يا سَلَمَةُ، هَبْ لِي المَرأَةَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، لَقَد أعجَبَتنِي وما كَشَفتُ لَها ثَوبًا (^١). فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وتَرَكَنِي، حَتَّى إذا كان مِنَ الغَدِ لَقِيَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في السُّوقِ فقالَ لِي: \"يا سَلَمَةُ، هَبْ لِي المَرأَةَ للهِ أبوكَ\". قطتُ: يا رسولَ الله، لَقَد أعجَبَتنِي، واللهِ ما كَشَفتُ لَها ثَوبًا، وهِيَ لَكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: فبَعَثَ بها إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ ففَدَى بها رِجالا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بأَيديهِم (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُمَرَ بنِ يونُسَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمَّارٍ (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أرأيتَ صِلَةَ أهلِ الحَربِ بالمالِ وإِطعامَهُمُ الطَّعامَ، ألَيسَ بأَقوَى لَهُم في كَثيرٍ مِنَ الحالاتِ مِن بَيعِ عبدٍ أو عبدَينِ مِنهُم؟! فقَد أذِنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - فقالَت: إنَّ أُمِّي أتَتنِي وهِيَ راغِبَةٌ في عَهدِ قُرَيشٍ، أفأصِلُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٧٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَن، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أُمِّه أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - قالَت: أتَتنِي أُمِّي\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"حتى قدمت المدينة\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٨٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٦٠)، والطبراني (٦٢٣٧) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وتقدم في (١٨٢٨٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٥٥/ ٤٦).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٨.","vol":"18","page":420},{"text":"راغِبَةً، في عَهدِ قُرَيشٍ، فسألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: آصلُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضى (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وأَذِنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب فكَسا ذا قَرابَةٍ له مُشرِكًا بمَكَّةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - رأى حُلَّةَ سِيَراءَ عِندَ بابِ المَسجِدِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، لَوِ اشتَرَيتَ هذه فتَلبَسَها (^٤) يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ ولِلوُفودِ إذا قَدِموا عَلَيكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما يَلبَسُ هذه مَن لا خَلاقَ لَهُ في الآخِرَةِ\". ثُمَّ جَاءَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - مِنها حُلَلٌ، فأَعطَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِنها حُلَّةً، فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ الله، كَسَوتَنيها وقَد قُلتَ في حُلَّةِ عُطارِدٍ ما قُلتَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لَم أكسُكَها لِتَلبَسَها\". فكَساها عُمَرُ أخًا له مُشرِكًا بمَكَّةَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: \" ﴿وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٢٤٢٧)، والشافعي ٢/ ٦١. وتقدم في (٧٩٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٩٧٨)، ومسلم (١٠٠٣). وتقدم عقب (٧٩٢٠).\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٨.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فلبستها\".\n(^٥) أبو داود (١٠٧٦، ٤٠٤٠). وتقدم تخريجه في (٤٢٥٧، ٦٠١٧).\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٦١٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٨/ ٦).","vol":"18","page":421},{"text":"وَأَسِيرًا﴾ (^١) [الإنسان: ٨].\n\n١٨٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن زيادٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عثمانَ البَتِّيِّ، عن الحَسَنِ في قَولِه: ﴿وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا﴾. قال: كانوا مِن أهلِ الشِّركِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3853>بابٌ: الوَلَدُ تَبَعٌ لأبَوَيه حَتَّى يُعرِبَ عنه اللِّسانُ</span>\n\n١٨٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنُ المُنادِي، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبانُ بن يَزيدَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ سَريعٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ سَريَّةً يَومَ حُنَينٍ فقاتَلوا المُشرِكينَ، فأَفضَى بهِمُ القَتلُ إلَى الذُّرِّيَّة، فلَمّا جَاءوا قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ما حَمَلَكُم على قَتلِ الذُّرِّيَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّما كانوا أولادَ المُشرِكينَ. قال: \"وهَل خيارُكُم إلَّا أولادُ المُشرِكينَ؟ والَّذِي نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِهِ ما مِن نَسَمَةٍ تولَدُ إلَّا على الفِطرَةِ حَتَّى يُعرِبَ عَنها لِسانُها\" (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في رِوايَةِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ عنه: هِيَ الفِطرَةُ التي\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٥٠١) من طريق شعبة به. وعزه السيوطى في الدر المنثور ١٥/ ١٥٣ إلى سعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر وابن مردويه.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٨٨)، والطبراني (٨٣٣) من طريق يونس بن محمد به. وتقدم في (١٨١٤٤).","vol":"18","page":422},{"text":"فطَرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيها الخَلقَ، فجَعَلَهُم - ما لَم يُفصِحوا بالقَولِ - لا حُكمَ لَهُم في أنفُسِهم، إنَّما الحُكمُ لهم بآبائهِم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3854>بابٌ: الحَميلُ (^٢) لا يُورَّثُ إذا عَتَقَ حَتَّى تَقومَ بنَسَبِه بَيِّنَةٌ مِنَ المُسلِميَن</span>\nقال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَو يُعطَى النَّاسُ بدَعواهُم لادَّعَى ناسٌ دِماءَ رِجالٍ وأَموالَهم، ولَكِنَّ اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا حمَّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان لا يوَرِّثُ الحَميلَ.\nقال: وأخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا أشعَثُ بن سَوَّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطَّابِ كَتَبَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ ألا يوَرِّثَ (^٤) الحَميلَ إلَّا ببَيِّنَةٍ، وإِن جاءَت به في خِرقَتِها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٣٨٣١).\n(^٢) الحميل: الذي يحمل من بلاده صغيرًا إلى بلاد الإسلام. وقيل: هو المحمول النسب، وذلك أن يقول الرجل لإنسان: هذا أخي. أو ابني. ليزوى ميراثه عن مواليه، فلا يصدق إلَّا بينة. النياية ١/ ٤٤٢، وينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٧١.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٩٠٥).\n(^٤) ضبط في الأصل بفتح الراء وكسرها.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٣١٣٧) عن يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"18","page":423},{"text":"١٨٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ عُمَرُ: لا تُوَرِّثِ الحَميلَ إلَّا ببَيِّنَةٍ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبجَرَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباس، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ، أخبرَنا الحَجَّاجُ بن أرطاةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيِّ، أن عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ استَشارَ أصحابَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في الحَميل، فقالوا فيه، فقالَ عثمانُ: ما نَرَى أن نورِّثَ مالَ اللهِ إلَّا بالبَيِّنَاتِ.\n\n١٨٣٨٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا الحَجَّاجُ بن أرطاةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، أن عثمانَ قال: لا يوَرَّثُ الحَميلُ إلَّا ببَيَنةٍ.\nوهَذِه الأسانيدُ عن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ - ﵄ - كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3855>بابُ المُبارَزَةِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لا بأسَ بالمُبارَزَة، قَد بارَزَ يَومَ بَدرٍ عُبَيدَةُ وحَمزَةُ وعَلِيٌّ - ﵁ - بأَمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٧٥) عن الثورى به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٨٩٨) من طريق مجالد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩١٧٣، ١٩١٧٤) من طرق عن الشعبي به.\n(^٣) الأم ١/ ٢٢١.","vol":"18","page":424},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن زُرارَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيم، عن أبي هاشِمٍ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يُقسِمُ قَسَمًا أن هذه الآيَةَ ﴿هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ﴾ [الحج: ١٩] نَزَلَت في الَّذينَ بَرَزوا يَومَ بَدرٍ؛ حَمزَةَ وعَلِيٍّ وعُبَيدَةَ بنِ الحارِثِ - ﵃ -، وعُتبَةَ وشَيبَةَ ابنَي رَبيعَةَ والوَليدِ بنِ عُتبَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ زُرارَةَ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِيِّ عن هُشيمٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٨٦ - ورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن أبي هاشِمٍ، زادَ فيه: اختَصَموا في \"الحَجِّ\" (^٣) يَومَ بَدرٍ. أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الكَريم، حَدَّثَنَا بُندارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبي هاشِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٨٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبابَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ، عن عليٍّ في قِصَّةِ بَدرٍ قال: فبَرَزَ عُتبَةُ وأَخوه وابنُه الوَليدُ حَميَّةً، فقالَ: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فخَرَجَ مِنَ الأنصارِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦١٨٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٣٣/ ٣٤)، والبخارى (٣٩٦٩).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"أي في سورة الحجِّ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٢٠٣، ١١٣٤١) عن محمد بن بشار (بندار) به. ومسلم (٣٠٣٣)، وابن ماجة (٢٨٣٥) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن مهدى به. والبخارى (٣٩٦٦، ٣٩٦٨) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":425},{"text":"شَبَبَةٌ (^١)، فقالَ عُتبَةُ: لا نُريدُ هَؤُلاء، ولَكِن يُبارِزُنا مِن بَنِي عَمِّنا؛ مِن بَنِي عبد المُطَّلِبِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُمْ يا عليُّ، قُمْ يا حَمزَةُ، قُمْ يا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الحارِثِ\". فقَتَلَ اللهُ ﷿ عُتبَةَ وشَيبَةَ ابنَى رَبيعَةَ والوَليدَ بنَ عُتبَةَ، وجُرِحَ عُبَيدَةُ بن الحارِث، فقَتَلنا مِنهُم سبعينَ وأَسَرنا سَبعينَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن رُومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ وعاصمُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرٍ وغَيرُهُم مِن عُلَمائنا، فذَكَروا قِصَّةَ بَدرٍ وفيها: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عُتبَةُ بن رَبيعَةَ وشَيبَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ والوَليدُ بن عُتبَةَ، فدَعَوا إلَى البِراز، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم فِتيَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ ثَلاثَةٌ، فقالوا: مِمَن أنتُم؟ قالوا: رَهطٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ. قالوا: ما بنا إلَيكُم حاجَةٌ. ثُمَّ نادَى مُناديهِم: يا محمدُ، أخرِجْ إلَينا أكْفَاءَنا مِن قَومِنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُمْ يا حَمزَةُ، قُمْ يا عليُّ، قُمْ يا عُبَيدَةُ\". فلَمَّا قاموا ودنَوا مِنهُم قالوا: مَن (^٣) أنتُم؟ قال حَمزَةُ: أنا حَمزَةُ بن عبد المُطلِبِ. وقالَ عليٌّ: أنا عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ. وقالَ عُبَيدَةُ: أنا عُبَيدَةُ بن الحارِثِ. فقالوا: نَعَم أكفَاءٌ كِرامٌ. فبارَزَ عُبَيدَةُ عُتبَةَ، فاختَلَفا ضَربَينِ كِلاهُما أثبَتَ صاحِبَه، وبارَزَ حَمزَةُ\n_________\n(^١) الشببة: جمع شاب مثل كاتب وكتبة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٥١٥.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٦٢ - ٦٤. وتقدم تخريجه في (٦١٨٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ممن\".","vol":"18","page":426},{"text":"شَيبَةَ فقَتَلَه مَكانَه، وبارَزَ عليٌّ الوَليدَ فقَتَلَه مَكانَه، ثُمَّ كَرَّا على عُتبَةَ فذَفَّفا (^١) عَلَيه، واحتَمَلا صاحِبَهُما فحازوه إلَى الرَّحلِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبارَزَ محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ مَرحَبًا يَومَ خَيبَرَ بأَمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، وبارَزَ يَومَئذٍ الزُّبَيرُ بن العَوَّام ياسِرًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ أحَدُ بَنى حارِثَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: خَرَجَ مَرحَبٌ اليَهودِيُّ مِن حِصنِ خَيبَرَ قَد جَمَعَ سِلاحَه وهو يَرتَجِزُ ويَقولُ: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن لِهَذا؟ \". فقالَ محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ: أنا له يا رسولَ الله، أنا واللهِ المَوتورُ الثَّائرُ؛ قَتَلوا أخِي بالأمسِ. قال: \"قُمْ إلَيه، اللَّهُمَّ أعِنه عَلَيه\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في كَيفيَّةِ قِتالِهِما. قال: وضَرَبَه محمدُ بن مَسلَمَةَ حَتَّى قَتَلَه. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ ياسِرٌ فبَرَزَ له الزُّبَيرُ، فقالَت صفيَّةُ - ﵂ - لمَّا خَرَجَ إلَيه الزُّبَيرُ: يا رسولَ الله، يَقتُلُ ابنِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَل ابنُكِ يَقتُلُه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ\". فخَرَجَ الزُّبَيرُ وهو يَرتَجِزُ، ثُمَّ التَقَيا فقَتَلَه الزُّبَيرُ. قال: وكانَ ذَكَرَ أن عَليًّا هو قَتَلَ\n_________\n(^١) ذفَّف على الجريح: أي أجهز عليه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٣٤١.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٧٢، والصغرى (٣٧١٣)، والمعرفة (٥٤٨٦). والحاكم ٣/ ١٨٧، ١٨٨ وصححه.\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٨٥)، والأم ٤/ ٢٤٣.","vol":"18","page":427},{"text":"ياسِرًا (^١). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ أن محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ هو قَتَلَ مَرحَبًا.\n\n١٨٣٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ إلى الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبد الوارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إياسُ بن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: قَدِمْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، قال: فأَرسَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى عليٍّ - ﵁ - يَدعوه وهو أرمَدُ فقالَ: \"لأُعطيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ اليَومَ رَجُلًا يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه، ويُحِبُّه اللَّهُ ورسولُه\". قال فجِئتُ به أقودُه. قال: فبَصَقَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في عَينَيه فبَرأ فأَعطاه الرَّايَةَ. قال: فبَرَزَ مَرحَبٌ وهو يقولُ:\nقَد عَلِمَت خَيبَرُ أنِّي مَرحَبُ\nشاكِي السِّلاحِ بَطَلٌ مُجَرِّبُ\nإذا الحُروبُ أقبَلَت تَلَهَّبُ\nقال: فبَرَزَ له عليٌّ - ﵁ - وهو يقولُ:\nأنا الَّذِي سَمَّتنِي أُمِّي حَيدَرَه\nكَلَيثِ غاباتٍ كَريهِ المَنْظَرَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢١٥، والحاكم ٣/ ٤٣٦، ٤٣٧. وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٣/ ٣٣٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٣٤)، وأبو يعلى (١٨٦١). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٥٠: ورجال أحمد ثقات. وتقدم مختصرًا في (١٦٤٧٤).","vol":"18","page":428},{"text":"أُوفيهمْ بالصّاعِ كَيلَ السَّندَرَه (^١)\nفضرَبَ مَرحَبًا ففَلَقَ رأسَه فقَتَلَه، وكانَ الفَتحُ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو عبد اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ الغَضائرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ الأزدِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ في خَيبَرَ، وذَكَرَ خُروجَ مَرحَبٍ ورَجَزَه وقَولَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - بمَعناه، إلَّا أنَّه قال:\nأَكيلُهم بالصّاعِ كَيلَ السَّندَرَه\nقال: فاختَلَفا ضربَتَين، فبَدَرَه عليٌّ - ﵁ - فضرَبَه، فقَدَّ الحَجَرَ والمِغفَرَ (^٤) ورأسَه ووَقَعَ في الأضراس، وأَخَذَ المَدينَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أي أقتلكم قتلًا ذريعًا، والسندرة: مكيال واسع، وقيل: السندرة العجلة، أي: أقاتلكم مستعجلا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٠.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٠٧ - ٢٠٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٣٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٣٥) من طرق عن عكرمة به. وتقدم أوله في (١٣١٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٠٧/ ١٣٢).\n(^٤) القد: القطع، والحجر: حجر قد ثقبه مثل البيضة (الخوذة) على رأسه، والمغفر: مثل القلنسوة غير أنَّها أوسع يلقيها الرجل على رأسه فتبلغ الدرع ثم تلبس البيضة فوقها. ينظر نهاية الأرب ١٧/ ١٧٩، والتاج ٩/ ١١ (ق د د)، ١٣/ ٢٤٨ (غ ف ر).\n(^٥) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢١٠، ٢١١. وأخرج أوله الحاكم ٣/ ٣٧ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.","vol":"18","page":429},{"text":"١٨٣٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بن جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ العُكلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَينُ بن واقِدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: لما كان يَومُ خَيبَرَ. فذَكَرَ بَعضَ القِصَّةِ قال: ثُمَّ دَعا باللِّواء، فدَعا عَليًّا - ﵁ - وهو يَشتَكِي عَينَيه فمَسَحَهُما، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إلَيه اللِّواءَ ففُتِحَ له، فسَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ بُرَيدَةَ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي أبي أنَّه كان صاحِبَ مَرحَبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا السَّاجِيُّ وبَدرُ بن الهَيثَمِ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن حُسَينٍ الأشقَرُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن أبي قابوسَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: جِئتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - برأسِ مَرحَبٍ (^٣).\nورَواه صالِحُ بن أحمدَ عن أبيه عن حُسَينِ بنِ حَسَنٍ الأشقَرِ بمَعناه (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبارَزَ يَومَ الخَندَقِ عليُّ بن أبي طالبٍ عمرَو بنَ عبد وُدٍّ (^٥).\n\n١٨٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في الأصل بياض وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\"، وفي الحاشية: \"سقط رجل، إما الاصم أو غيره، والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢١٠ من طريق الحسن بن واقد به.\n(^٣) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٧٢. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٩٥٧) من طريق حسين الأشقر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدي ٦/ ٢٠٧٢ من طريق صالح به.\n(^٥) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٣.","vol":"18","page":430},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: خَرَجَ - يَعنِي يَومَ الخَندَقِ - عمرُو بن عبد وُدٍّ فنادَى: مَن يُبارِزُ؟ فقامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - وهو مُقَنَّعٌ في الحَديدِ فقالَ: أنا لَها يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"إنَّه عمرٌو، اجلِسْ\". ونادَى عمرٌو: ألا رَجُلٌ. وهو يُؤَنِّبُهُم ويَقولُ: أينَ جَنَّتُكُمُ التي تَزعُمونَ أنَّه مَن قُتِلَ مِنكُم دَخَلَها؟ أفَلا يَبرُزُ إلَيَّ رَجُلٍ؟ فقامَ عليٌّ - ﵁ - فقالَ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"اجلِسْ\". ثُمَّ نادَى الثَّالِثَةَ وذَكَرَ شِعرًا، فقامَ عليٌّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أنا. فقالَ: \"إنَّه عمرٌو\". قال: وإِن كان عَمرًا. فأَذِنَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فمَشَى إلَيه حَتَّى أتاه وذَكَرَ شِعرًا، فقالَ له عمرٌو: مَن أنتَ؟ قال: أنا عليٌّ. قال: ابنُ عبد مَنافٍ؟ فقالَ: أنا عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ. فقالَ: غَيرُك يا ابنَ أخِي مِن أعمامِكَ مَن هو أسَنُّ مِنكَ، فإِنِّي أكرَهُ أن أُهَريقَ دَمَكَ. فقالَ عليٌّ - ﷺ -: لَكِنِّي واللهِ ما أكرَهُ أن أُهَريقَ دَمَكَ. فغَضبَ فنَزَلَ وسَلَّ سَيفَه كأنَّه شُعلَةُ نارٍ، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ نَحوَ عليٍّ - ﵁ - مُغضبًا، واستَقبَلَه عليٌّ - ﵁ - بدَرَقَتِه (^١)، فضَرَبَه عمرٌو في الدَّرَقَةِ فقَدَّها وأَثبَتَ فيها السَّيفَ وأَصابَ رأسَه بشَجَّةٍ، وضَرَبَه عليٌّ على حَبلِ العاتِقِ (^٢) فسَقَطَ، وثارَ العَجَاجُ (^٣)، وسَمِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - التَّكبيرَ، فعَرَفَ أن عَليًّا قَد قَتَلَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدَّرَقَة: الترس. فتح الباري ٢/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٢) حبل العاتق: عصبه، والعاتق: موضع الرداء من المنكب. فتح الباري ٨/ ٣٧.\n(^٣) العَجَاج: الغبار. ينظر التاج ٦/ ٩٠ (ع ج ج).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٢.","vol":"18","page":431},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3856>بابُ ما جاءَ في نَقلِ الرُّءوسِ</span>\n\n١٨٣٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^١) أبي شُجاعٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عُليِّ (^٢) بنِ رَباحٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، أن عمرَو بنَ العاصِ وشُرَحبيلَ ابنَ حَسَنَةَ بَعَثا عُقبَةَ بَريدًا إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ - برأسِ يَنّاقَ بطريقِ الشّام، فلَمَّا قَدِمَ على أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - أنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ له عُقبَةُ: يا خَليفَةَ رسولِ اللهِ فإِنَّهُم يَصنَعونَ ذَلِكَ بنا. قال: أَفَاستِنانٌ بفارِسَ والرُّومِ؟! لا يُحمَلُ إلَيَّ رأسٌ، فإِنَّما يَكفِي الكِتابُ والخَبَرُ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضل، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الله، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي الحارِثُ بن يَزيدَ، عن عُلَيِّ بنِ رَباحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُعاويَةَ بنَ حُدَيجٍ يقولُ: هاجَرنا على عَهدِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - ﵁ -، فبَينا نَحنُ عِندَه إذ طَلَعَ المِنبَرَ، فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّه قُدِمَ عَلَينا برأسِ يَنَّاقَ البِطريق، ولَم يَكُنْ لَنا به حاجَةٌ، إنَّما هذه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"عن\". وقد ضرب عليها في الأصل. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) ضبطه في الأصل بضم ففتح، وبفتح وكسر.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٧٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ٧/ ٤٠٥، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٤٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"18","page":432},{"text":"سُنَّةُ العَجَمِ (^١).\n\n١٨٣٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عبد الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيِّ، أنَّه حَدَّثَه أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ أُتِيَ برأسٍ فقالَ: بَغَيتُم (^٢).\n\n١٨٣٩٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الله، عن مَعمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي صاحِبٌ لَنا، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: لَم يُحمَلْ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رأسٌ إلَى المَدينَةِ قَطُّ، ولا يَومَ بَدرٍ، وحُمِلَ إلَى أبي بكرٍ - ﵁ - رأسٌ فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ. قال: وأَوَّلُ مَن حُمِلَت إلَيه الرُّءوسُ عبدُ اللهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٣٩٩ - قال الشيخُ: والَّذِي رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الجَرّاحِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ أُسامَةَ عن بَشيرِ بنِ عُقبَةَ عن أبي نَضرَةَ قال: لَقِيَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - العَدوَّ فقالَ: \"مَن جَاءَ برأسٍ فلَه على اللَّهِ ما تَمَنَّى\". فجاءَه (^٤) رَجُلانِ برأسٍ، فاختَصما فيه، فقَضَى به لأحَدِهِما. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ بن محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٥)،\n_________\n(^١) ابن المبارك في الجهاد (١١٣) بنحوه. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٠/ ٤٨٣، ٤٨٤ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٥٢) عن ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٠٢) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٦٥١) عن ابن المبارك به. وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٠٢) عن معمر عن الزهري، وليس فيه: عن صاحب لنا.\n(^٤) ضبب عليها في الأصل وكتب فوقه: \"خ ر\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"فجاء\" وكتب عليها: \"ص\" وكلمة أخرى غير واضحة لعلها: \"مصلحا\".\n(^٥) المراسيل (٢٩٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤١٧٤) عن حماد بن أسامة به. والحديث أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا مرفوعًا موصولًا في المتمنين (٤٢) من طريق بشير عن أبي نضرة عن أبي سعيد الخدرى به.","vol":"18","page":433},{"text":"فهَذا حَديثٌ مُنقَطِعٌ، وفيه - إن ثَبَتَ - تَحريضٌ على قَتلِ العَدوّ، ولَيسَ فيه نَقلُ الرأسِ مِن بلادِ الشِّركِ إلَى بلادِ الإسلامِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3857>بابٌ: لا تُباعُ جِيفَةُ مُشرِكٍ</span>\n\n١٨٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن المُسلِمينَ أصابوا رَجُلًا مِن عُظَماءِ المُشرِكينَ فقَتَلوه، فسألوهُم أن يَشتَروه، فنَهاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَبيعوا جيفَةَ مُشرِكٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَرْبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن سلَمةَ، أخبرَنا حَجَّاجٌ، عن الحَكَم، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ قُتِلَ يَومَ الأحزاب، فبَعَثَ المُشرِكونَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنِ ابعَثْ إلَينا بجَسَدِه ونُعطيكَ اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا خَيرَ في جَسَدِه ولا في ثَمَنِه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3858>بابُ السَّوادِ </span>(^٣)\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولا أعرِفُ ما أقولُ في أرضِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠١١)، والترمذي (١٧١٥) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٠، ٢٤٤٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٨٠٧) من طريق الحجاج به بنحوه.\n(^٣) السواد: القرى، وسواد العراق: ما بين الكوفة والبصرة وما حولهما من القرى والرساتيق. معجم =","vol":"18","page":434},{"text":"السَّوادِ إلَّا ظَنًّا مَقرونًا إلَى عِلمٍ؛ وذَلِكَ أنِّي وجَدتُ أصَحَّ حَديثٍ يَرويه الكوفيّونَ عِندَهُم في السَّوادِ لَيسَ فيه بَيانٌ، ووَجَدتُ أحاديثَ مِن أحاديثِهِم تُخالِفُه؛ مِنها أنَّهُم يَقولونَ: السَّوادُ صُلحٌ. ويَقولونُ: السَّوادُ عَنوَةٌ. ويَقولونَ: بَعضُ السَّوادِ صُلحٌ وبَعضُه عَنوَةٌ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو زُبَيدٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: السَّوادُ مِنه صُلحٌ ومِنه عَنوَةٌ، فما كان مِنه عَنوَةً فهو لِلمُسلِمينَ، وما كان مِنه صُلحًا فلَهُم أموالُهُم (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٠٣ - وبِإِسنادِه قال يَحيَى: عن الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عُبَيدٍ أبي الحَسَنِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: لا تُباعُ أرضٌ دونَ الجَبَلِ إلَّا أرضَ بَنِي صَلُوبا (^٣) وأَرضَ الحِيرَةِ؛ فإِنَّ لَهُم عَهدًا. قالَ الحَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ: كُنَّا نَسمَعُ أن ما دونَ الجَبَلِ فما وراءَه صُلحٌ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٠٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ، عن الحَجَّاج، عن\n_________\n= لغة الفقهاء ١/ ٣٠٢.\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٤٨٧)، والأم ٤/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢١٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٤٩٣) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٣) قال في معجم البلدان ٢/ ٦٧٤: دير صلوبا من قرى الموصل.\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٣٦) وفيه: حَدَّثَنِي الحسن بن صالح حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ الصفار أظنه عن منصور.\nوفيه: مغفل. بدلًا من: معقل.","vol":"18","page":435},{"text":"الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: لَيسَ لأهلِ السَّوادِ عَهدٌ إلَّا أرضَ الحيرَةِ واللُّيَّسِ (^١) وبانِقْيا (^٢). قال شَريكٌ: إنَّ أهلَ بانِقْيا كانوا دَلُّوا جَريرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ على مَخاضَةٍ، وأَهلُ اللُّيَّسِ (١) كانوا أنزَلوا أبا عُبَيدٍ ودَلُّوه على شَئٍ. قال يَحيَى: أظُنُّه يَعنِي عورةً (^٣) لِلعَدوِّ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٠٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا حَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: صالَحَ خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ أهلَ الحِيرَةِ وأَهلَ عَينِ التَّمرِ. قال: وكَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى أبي بكرٍ فأَجازَه. قال يَحيَى: قُلتُ لِلحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ. فأَهَلُ عَينِ التَّمرِ مِثلُ أهلِ الحِيرَة، إنَّما هو شَئٌ عَلَيهِم ولَيسَ على أَرَضيهِم (^٥) شَئٌ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٦).\n\n١٨٤٠٦ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن أبيه قال: انتَهَينا إلَى أهلِ الحِيرَةِ فصالَحناهُم على ألفِ دِرهَمٍ ورَحلٍ. قال: قُلتُ لأبِي: ما صَنَعتُم بذَلِكَ الرَّحلِ؟ قال: صاحِبٌ لَنا لَم يَكُنْ له رَحلٌ (^٧). كَذا\n_________\n(^١) في م، والخراج ليحيى بن آدم: \"أليس\"، وقال في حاشية م: \"في النسخ: الليس\". قال في معجم البلدان ١/ ٣٥٤: أُلَّيس قرية من قرى الأنبار.\n(^٢) بانِقْيا: ناحية على شاطيء الفرات، على مقربة من موضع الكوفة. المعجم الكبير ٢/ ٣٠ (ب ن ق).\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"غدره\"، وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\"، وفي س، م: \"عدره\".\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٣٩) وفيه: ابن مغفل.\n(^٥) في س، ص ٨، م: \"أرضهم\".\n(^٦) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤١)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١/ ١٥.\n(^٧) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٣)، ومن طريقه البخاري في التاريح الكبير ٧/ ١٤٩. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٢٩٥) من طريق حسن بن صالح به.","vol":"18","page":436},{"text":"في كِتابِي: ألفِ دِرهَمٍ. وقالَ غَيرُه: سبعينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ.\n\n١٨٤٠٧ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيم، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: كانوا يُرَخِّصونَ أن يَشتَرُوا مِن أرضِ الحِيرَةِ مِن أجلِ أنَّهُم صُلحٌ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٠٨ - حدثنا يَحيَى، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِح، عن مُجالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ قال: أهلُ الحيرَةِ إنَّما صُولِحوا على مالٍ (^٢) يَقتَسِموه (^٣) بَينَهُم، ولَيسَ على رُءوسِ الرِّجالِ شَئٌ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٠٩ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا حَسَنُ (^٥) بن صالِح، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: لأهلِ الأنبارِ عَهدٌ. أو قال: عَقدٌ (^٦).\n\n١٨٤١٠ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ (^٧)، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: لَيسَ لأهلِ السَّوادِ عَهدٌ، إنَّما نَزَلوا على حُكمٍ (^٨).\n\n١٨٤١١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الصَّلتُ بن عبد الرحمنِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ، عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"ما لم\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"يقتسمونه\".\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٥). ومعنى ليس على رءوس الرجال شيء: عدم ضرب الجزية عليهم.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"حسين\".\n(^٦) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٠)، ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١/ ١٥.\n(^٧) كتب أمامها في حاشية الأصل: \"بخطه: صوابه شريك\".\n(^٨) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٢٥) مقتصرًا على أوله، وقد رواه بتمامه في (١٢٤) عن شريك كما في حاشية الأصل. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٤٩٢) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"18","page":437},{"text":"ابنِ قَيسٍ الأسَدِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ أنَّه سُئلَ في زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ عن أهلِ السَّوادٍ: ألَهُم عَهدٌ؟ قال: لَم يَكُنْ لَهُم عَهدٌ، فلَمّا رُضِيَ مِنهُم بالخَراجِ صارَ لَهُمُ العَهدُ (^١).\n\n١٨٤١٢ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا حَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: قَد ردَّ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - أرَضيهِم وصالَحَهُم على الخَراجِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحْيَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن ابنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى سَعدٍ - ﵄ - حينَ افتَتَحَ العِراقَ: أمَّا بَعدُ، فقَد بَلَغَني كِتابُكَ تَذكُرُ أن النَّاسَ سألوكَ أن تَقسِمَ بَينَهُم مَغانِمَهُم وما أفاءَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم، فإِذا جاءَكَ كِتابِي هذا فانظُرْ ما أجلَبَ النّاسُ عَلَيكَ إلَى العَسكَرِ مِن كُراعٍ أو مالٍ فاقسِمْه بَينَ مَن حَضرَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، واترُكِ الأرَضينَ والأنهارَ لِعُمّالِها فيَكونُ ذَلِكَ في أَعطِياتِ المُسلِمينَ؛ فإِنَّكَ إن قَسَمتَها بَينَ مَن حَضَرَ لَم يَكُنْ لِمَن (^٣) بَعدَهُم شَئٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٢٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٣١، ٩٢٥٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٤٩١) من طريق محمد بن قيس به.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٢٨).\n(^٣) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"بقى\".\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٢١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ١٩١. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥٠) - وعنه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٢٩)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ١٩٠ - من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"18","page":438},{"text":"١٨٤١٤ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، عن عُمَرَ أنَّه أرادَ أن يَقسِمَ أهلَ السَّوادِ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَمَرَ بهِم أن يُحصَوا، فوَجَد (^١) الرجلَ المُسلِمَ يُصيبُه ثَلاثَةٌ مِنَ الفَلَّاحينَ - يَعنِي العُلوجَ - فشاوَرَ أصحابَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في ذَلِكَ، فقالَ عليٌّ: دَعْهُم يَكونونَ مادَّةً لِلمُسلِمينَ. فبَعَثَ عثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ فوَضَعَ عَلَيهِم ثَمانيَةً وأَربَعينَ، وأَربَعَةً وعِشرينَ، واثنَىْ عَشَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤١٥ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ بن أبي حُرَّةَ، عن أبيه قال: أصفَى عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - مِن هذا السَّوادِ عَشَرَةَ أصنافٍ؛ أصفَى أرضَ مَن قُتِلَ في الحَرب، ومَن هَرَبَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يَعنِي إلَيهِم، وكُلَّ أرضٍ لِكِسرَى، وكُلَّ أرضٍ كانَت لأحَدٍ مِن أهلِه، وكُلَّ مَغيضِ ماءٍ، وكُلَّ دَيرِ بَريدٍ. قال: ونَسِيتُ أربَعًا. قال: وكانَ خَراجُ مَن (^٣) أصفَى سَبعَةَ ألفِ (^٤) ألفٍ، فلَمّا كانَتِ الجَماجِمُ (^٥) أحرَقَ النّاسُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"فوجدوا\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٠٣). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥١) - وعنه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٣٠) - وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ١٩٣ من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ما\".\n(^٤) في ص ٨، م: \"آلاف\".\n(^٥) الجماجم: وقعة كانت عام ٨٢، ٨٣ هـ بين الحجاج وابن الأشعث. ينظر البداية والنهاية ١٢/ ٣١٨.","vol":"18","page":439},{"text":"الدِّيوانَ وأَخَذَ كُلُّ قَومٍ ما يَليهِم (^١).\n\n١٨٤١٦ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بن الرَّبيع، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي أسَدٍ، عن أبيه قال: أصفَى حذَيفَةُ أرضَ كِسرَى وأَرضَ آلِ كِسرَى، ومَن كان كِسرَى أصفَى أرضَه، وأَرضَ مَن قُتِلَ ومَن هَرَبَ، والآجامَ (^٢) ومَغيضَ الماءِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤١٧ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بن الرَّبيع، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ الحِمّانِيِّ قال: دَخَلنا على عليِّ بن أبي طالِبِ بالرَّحْبَةِ فقالَ: لَولا أن يَضرِبَ بَعضُكُم وُجوهَ بَعضٍ لَقَسَمتُ السَّوادَ بَينَكُمَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤١٨ - حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عمرُو بن أبي المِقدام، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ الحِمّانِيِّ، عن عليٍّ نَحوَه (^٥).\n\n١٨٤١٩ - حدثنا يَحيَى، عن قُرّانَ الأسَدِيِّ، عن أبي سِنانٍ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عَبِيدةَ (^٦)، عن عليٍّ قال: لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن أقسِمَ السَّوادَ، يَنزِلُ أحَدُكُمُ القَريَةَ\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٩٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٩٦) - وعنه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠٣٩) - من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) الأَجَمَة: الثجر الملتف. والجمع أُجَم. والآجام جمع الجمع. والآجام جمع أُجُم وهو الحصن. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ٣ (أج م).\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٩٧).\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١١٤). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٠٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣٢٣) من طريق ثعلبة به بنحوه.\n(^٥) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١١٣).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"عميرة\".","vol":"18","page":440},{"text":"فيَقولُ: قَريَتِي. لَتَكْفُونِّي - أو قال: لَتَدَعونِّي - أو لأقسِمَنَّه (^١).\n\n١٨٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الربيعُ قال: قال الشافِعِيُّ: ويَقولونَ: إنَّ جَريرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ البَجَلِيَّ. وهَذا أثبَتُ حَديثٍ عِندَهُم فيه، أخبرَناه الثِّقَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: كانَت بَجيلَةُ رُبُعَ النَّاسِ فقُسِمَ لَهُم رُبُعُ السَّواد، فاستَغَلّوه ثَلاثًا أو أربَعَ سِنينَ - أنا شَكَكتُ - ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ومَعِي فُلانَةُ بنتُ فُلانٍ - امرأةٌ مِنهُم قَد سَمّاها لا يَحضُرُنِي ذِكرُ اسمِها - فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ -: لَولا أنِّي قاسِمٌ مَسئولٌ لَتَرَكتُكُم على ما قُسِمَ لَكُم، ولَكِن أرَى أن تَرُدّوا على النّاسِ. قال الشافِعِيُّ: وكانَ في حَديثِه: وعاضَنِي (^٢) مِن حَقِّي فيه نَيِّفًا وثَمانينَ دينارًا (^٣). وكانَ في حَديثِه: فقالَت فُلانَةُ: شَهِدَ أبي القادِسيَّةَ وثَبَتَ سَهمُه، ولا أُسَلِّمُه حَتَّى تُعطيَنِي كَذا وتُعطيَنِي كَذا. فأَعطاها إيّاه (^٤).\nورَواه سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ عن إسماعيلَ فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ جَريرٍ.\nورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن إسماعيلَ فذَكَرَها، وذَكَرَ قِصَةَ المَرأَةِ وذَكَرَ أنَّها أُمُّ كُرزٍ، وذَكَرَ أنَّها قالَت: وإِنِّي لَستُ أُسَلِّمُ حَتَّى تَحمِلَنِي على ناقَةٍ ذَلولٍ وعَلَيها قَطيفَةٌ حَمراءُ وتَملأَ كَفَيَّ ذَهَبًا. ففَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وكانَتِ الدَّنانيرُ نَحوًا مِن\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١١٦).\n(^٢) عاضنى: أي: أعطانى العوض. ينظر التاج ١٨/ ٤٤٩ (ع وض).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٤) الشافعي ٤/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"18","page":441},{"text":"ثَمانينَ دينارًا (^١)\n\n١٨٤٢١ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجْدةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: لَمّا وفَدَ جَريرُ بن عبد الله إلَى عُمَرَ وعَمّارُ بن ياسِرٍ وناسٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ لِجَريرٍ: يا جَريرُ واللهِ لَو ما أنِّي قاسِمٌ مَسئولٌ لَكُنتُم على ما قُسِمَ لَكُم، ولَكِنِّي أرَى أن أرُدَّه على المُسلِمينَ. فرَدَّه، وكانَ جَعَلَ رُبُعَ السوادٍ لِبَجيلَةَ فأَخَذوا الخَراجَ ثَلاثَ سِنينَ، فرَدَّه وأَعطاه ثَمانينَ دينارًا (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بن عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحْيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: كُنّا رُبُعَ النّاسِ يَومَ القادِسيَّةِ فأَعطانا عُمَرُ رُبُعَ السوادٍ، فأَخَذناه ثَلاثَ سِنينَ، ثُمَّ وفَدَ جَريرٌ إلَى عُمَرَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أمَا واللهِ لَولا أنِّي قاسِمٌ مَسئولٌ لَكُنتُم على ما قُسِمَ لَكُم، فأَرَى أن تَرُدَّه على المُسلِمينَ. ففَعَلَ وأَجازَه بثَمانينَ دينارًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٥٤، ١٥٥) من طريق هشيم من قول قيس.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٨٤٦) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١١٠).","vol":"18","page":442},{"text":"١٨٤٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بن حَربٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قال: أعطَى عُمَرُ جَريرًا وقَومَه رُبُعَ السَّواد، فأَخَذَه (^١) سَنَتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ جَريرًا وفَدَ إلَى عُمَرَ مَعَ عَمّارٍ - ﵃ -، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: يا جَريرُ لَولا أنِّي قاسِمٌ مَسئولٌ لَكُنتُم على ما كُنتُم عَلَيه، ولَكِن (^٢) أرَى أن تَرُدَّه على المُسلِمينَ. فرَدَّه عَلَيهِم وأَعطاه عُمَرُ ثَمانينَ دينارًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحْيَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ لِجَريرٍ: هَل لَك أن تأتِيَ العِراقَ ولَكَ الرُّبُعُ أوِ الثُّلُثُ بَعدَ الخُمُسِ مِن كُلِّ أرضٍ وشَئٍ؟ (^٤).\nهذا مُنقَطِعٌ، والَّذِي قَبلَه مَوصولٌ، ولَيسَ في الآثارِ التي رُوِّيناها ولَم نَروِها (^٥) في سَوادِ العِراقِ أصَحُّ مِنه كما قال الشافِعِي ﵀:\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وفي هذا الحديثِ دِلالَةٌ، إذ أعطَى جَريرًا البَجَلِيَّ عِوَضًا مِن سَهمِه، والمَرأَةَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، والخراج ليحيى بن آدم: \"فأخذوه\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"ولكني\".\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن ادم (١٠٩).\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١١١).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"نردها\".","vol":"18","page":443},{"text":"عِوَضًا مِن سَهمِ أبيها، أنّه استَطابَ أنفُسَ الَّذينَ أوجَفوا عَلَيه فتَرَكوا حُقوقَهُم مِنه، فجَعَلَه وقفًا لِلمُسلِمينَ، وهَذا حَلالٌ لِلإمامِ لَوِ افتَتَحَ اليَومَ أرضَ عَنوَةٍ فأَحصَى مَنِ افتَتَحَها، وطابُوا أنفُسًا عن حُقوقِهِم مِنها، أن يَجعَلَها الإمامُ وقفًا، وحُقوقُهُم مِنها الأربَعَةُ الأخماسُ (^١)، ويُوفِّيَ أهلَ الخُمُسِ حَقَّهُم، إلا أن يَدَعَ البالِغونَ مِنهُم حُقوقَهُم، فيَكونَ ذَلِكَ له، والحُكمُ في الأرضِ كالحُكمِ في المال، وقَد سَبَى النَّبي - ﷺ - هَوازِنَ وقَسَمَ أربَعَةَ الأخماسِ بَينَ الموجِفينَ، ثُمّ جاءَته وُفودُ هَوازِنَ مُسلِمينَ، فسألوه أن يَمُنَّ عَلَيهِم بأَن يَرُدَّ عَلَيهِم ما أخَذَ مِنهُم، فخَيَّرَهُم بَينَ الأموالِ والسَّبيِ فقالوا: خَيَّرتَنا بَينَ أحسابِنا وأَموالِنا، فنَختارُ أحسابَنا. فتَرَكَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَقَّه وحَقَّ أهلِ بَيتِه، وسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ المُهاجِرونَ فتَرَكوا له حُقوقَهُم، وسَمِعَ بذَلِكَ الأنصارُ فتَرَكوا له حُقوقَهُم، وبَقِيَ قَوم مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ الآخِرينَ والفَتحِيّينَ، فأَمَرَ فعُرِّفَ على كُل عَشَرَةٍ واحِدٌ ثُمَّ قال: \"ائتونِي بطِيبِ أنفُسِ مَن بَقِيَ، فمَن كَرِهَ فلَه عليّ كَذا وكَذا مِنَ الإبِلِ\". إلَى وقتٍ ذَكَرَه، فجاءُوه بطيبِ أنفُسِهِم، إلَّا الأقرَعَ بنَ حابِسٍ وعُيَينَةَ بنَ بَدرٍ، فإِنَّهُما أبَيَا ليُعَيِّرا هَوازِنَ، فلَم يُكرِهْهُما رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كانا هُما تَرَكَا بَعدُ، بأَن (^٢) خُدِعَ عُيَينَةُ عن حَقِّه، وسَلَّمَ لَهُم رسولُ الله - ﷺ - حَقَّ مَن طابَ نَفسُه عن حَقِّهِ. قال الشافِعِيُّ: وهَذا أولَى الأُمورِ بعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ عِندَنا في السَّوادِ وفُتوحِه إن كانَت عَنوَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ضبطه كذا بالضم في الأصل.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أن\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٨٠.","vol":"18","page":444},{"text":"وهَذا الذِي ذَكَرَه الشافِعِيُّ مِن أمرِ هَوازِنَ قَد مَضَى في حَديثِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَة (^١)، وفي رِوايَةِ عمرِو بنِ شعيبٍ عن أبيه عن جدهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الدّامَغانِيُّ ببَيهَقَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ هارونُ بن يوسُفَ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ، قال النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مُثِّلَت لِي الحِيرَةُ كأنيابِ الكِلاب، وِإنَّكم سَتَفتَحونَها\". فقامَ رَجُل فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، هَبْ ليَ ابنَةَ بُقَيلَةَ. قال: \"هِيَ لَكَ\". فأَعطَوه إيّاها، فجاءَ أبوها فقالَ: أتَبيعُها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: بكَم؟ احكُمْ ما شِئتَ. قال: ألفُ دِرهَمٍ. قال: قَد أخَذتُها. قالوا له: لَو قُلتَ: ثَلاثينَ ألفًا لأخَذَها. قال: وهَل عَدَدٌ أكثَرُ مِن ألفٍ؟ (^٣). تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ هَكَذا.\nوقالَ غَيرُه: عنه عن عليِّ بن زَيدِ بنِ جُدعانَ.\nوالمَشهورُ هذا الحديثُ عن خُرَيمِ بنِ أوسٍ، وهو الَّذِي جَعَلَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - هذه المَرأَةَ (^٤). وقَد رُوّيناه في كِتابِ \"دلائل النبوة\" في آخِرِ غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣١٧٥، ١٣١٧٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٠٦٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٩٢)، والدلائل ٦/ ٣٢٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٢٤٩٠)، وابن حبان (٦٦٧٤) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريح الكبير ١/ ١٨، ١٩ مختصرا، والطبراني (٤١٦٨). وقال الهيثمي في \"المجمع ٦/ ٢١٢: رواه الطبراني ورجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٥) دلائل النبوة ٥/ ٢٦٨.","vol":"18","page":445},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3859>بابُ قَدْرِ الخَراجِ الَّذي وُضِعَ على السَّوادِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدِ الله النَّرْسِيُّ، حدثنا رَوح، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن لاحِقِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ قال: لَمّا بَعَثَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - ﵁ - عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِرٍ وعَبدَ الله بنَ مَسعودٍ وعُثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ - ﵃ - إلَى الكوفَةِ بَعَثَ عَمّارَ بنَ ياسِر على الصَّلاةِ وعَلَى الجُيوش، وبَعَثَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ على القَضاءِ وعَلَى بَيتِ المال، وبَعَثَ عثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ على مِساحَةِ الأرض، وجَعَلَ بَينَهُم كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةً؛ شَطرُها وسَواقِطُها لِعَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، والنِّصفُ بَينَ هَذَين، ثُمَّ قال: أنزَلتُكُم وإيّايَ مِن هذا المالِ كَمَنزِلَةِ والِي مالِ اليَتيمِ؛ مَن كان غَنيًّا فليَستَعفِفْ، ومَن كان فقيرًا فليأكُلْ بالمَعروف، وما أرَى قَريَةً يُؤخَذُ مِنها كُلَّ يَومٍ شاةٌ إلَّا كان ذَلِكَ سَريعًا في خَرابِها. قال: فوَضَعَ عُثمانُ بن حُنَيفٍ على جَريبِ (^١) الكَرْمِ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ، وعَلَى جَريبِ النَّخلِ - أظُّنُّه قال: - ثَمانيَة، وعَلَى جَريبِ القَضْبِ (^٢) سِتَّةَ دَراهِمَ، وعَلَى جَريبِ البُرِّ أربَعَةَ دَراهِمَ، وعَلَى جَريبِ الشَّعيرِ دِرهَمَين، وعَلَى رُءوسِهِم عن كُلِّ رَجُلٍ أربَعَةً وعِشرينَ كُلَّ سنةٍ، وعَطَّلَ مِن ذَلِكَ النِّساءَ والصِّبيانَ، وفيما يُختَلَفُ به مِن تِجاراتِهِم نِصفَ\n_________\n(^١) الجريب: وحدة لقياس المساحة قدرها ستون ذراعًا في ستين. ينظر المغرب ١/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"القصب\". والقضب: اسم يقع على ما قطع من الأغصان للسهام والقسي. وقيل: هو شجر تتخذ منه القِسي. والقضب أيضًا شجر له ورق كورق الكمثرى وشجره كشجره. ينظر تاج العروس ٤/ ٤٩ (ق ض ب).","vol":"18","page":446},{"text":"العُشْرِ. قال: ثُمَّ كَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى عُمَرَ، فأَجازَ ذَلِكَ ورَضِيَ به، وقيلَ لِعُمَرَ: كَيفَ نأخُذُ مِن تُجّارِ الحَربِ إذا قَدِموا عَلَينا؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: كَيفَ يأخُذونَ مِنكُم إذا أتَيتُم بلادَهُم؟ قالوا: العُشْرَ. قال: فكَذَلِكَ خُذوا مِنهُم (^١).\nورَواه يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، وقالَ: وعَلَى جَريبِ النَّخلِ ثَمانيَةً، وعَلَى جَريبِ القَضْبِ (^٢) سِتَّةً. لَم يَشُكَّ.\n\n١٨٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَم، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ بَعَثَ عثمانَ بنَ حُنَيفٍ فمَسَحَ السَّوادَ؛ فوَضَع على كُلِّ جَريبٍ عامِرٍ أو غامِرٍ (^٣) حَيثُ يَنالُه الماءُ قَفيزًا ودِرهَمًا (^٤) - قال وكيعٌ: يَعنِي الحِنطَةَ والشَّعيرَ - ووَضَع على كُلِّ جَريبِ الكَرمِ عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ، وعَلَى جَريبِ الرِّطابِ خَمسَةَ دَراهِمَ (^٥).\n\n١٨٤٢٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن عليٍّ بن صالِحٍ، عن أبانِ بنِ تَغلِبَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣١٤٣) إلى قوله: سريعًا في خرابها.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"القصب\".\n(^٣) الغامر: ما لم يزرع مما يحتمل الزراعة. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ١٦٢.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أو درهما\". والقفيز: مكيال يسع اثني عشر صاعًا. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١/ ١١ من طريق إسماعيل الصفار به. وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٨١٩) عن وكيع به.","vol":"18","page":447},{"text":"عن رَجُلٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه وضَعَ على النَّخلِ؛ على الدَّقَلَتَينِ (^١) دِرهَمًا، وعَلَى الفارِسيَّةِ (^٢) دِرهَمًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنَعَتِ العِراقُ دِرهَمَها وقَفيزَها، ومَنَعَتِ الشّامُ مُدْيَها (^٤) ودينارَها، ومَنَعَت مِصرُ إردَبَّها ودينارَها، وعُدتُم مِن حَيثُ بَدأتُم، وعُدتُم مِن حَيثُ بَدأتُم، وعُدتُم مِن جَثُ بَدأتُم\". شَهِدَ على ذَلِكَ لَحمُ أبي هريرهَ ودَمُه (^٥). قال يَحيَى: يُريدُ مِن هذا الحديثِ أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - ذَكَرَ القَفيزَ والدِّرهَمَ قبلَ أن يَضَعَه عُمَرُ على الأرضِ (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ يَعيشَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الدفلتين\". والدَّقَل نوع من النخل تمره أردأ التمر. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٨/ ٤٩٣ (د ق ل).\n(^٢) التمر الفارسي نوع جيد. المصباح النير ص ١٧٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٠٨٢٠) عن وكيع به. وفيه: الرقلتين. بدلًا من: الدقلتين. والرَّقْلة: النخلة الطويلة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٣.\n(^٤) المُدْى: مكيال لأهل الشام يسع خمسة عشر مكوكًا، والمكوك صاع ونصف. وقيل: هو القفيز الشامى. ينظر تاج العروس ٣٩/ ٥١٥ (م د ى).\n(^٥) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٢٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٥٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣٠٣٥) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٦) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم عقب (٢٢٧).\n(^٧) مسلم (٢٨٩٦/ ٣٣).","vol":"18","page":448},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3860>بابُ مَن رأى قِسمَةَ الأراضِي المَغنومَةِ ومَن لَم يَرَها</span>\n\n١٨٤٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمد بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرو، عن أبي إسحاقَ الفَزارِيّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي ثَورٌ قال: حَدَّثَنِي سالِمٌ مَولَى ابنِ مُطيعٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: افتَتَحنا خَيبَرَ فلَم نَغنَمْ ذَهَبًا ولا فِضَّةً، إنَّما غَنِمنا الإبِلَ والبَقَرَ والمَتاعَ والحَوائطَ، ثُمَّ انصرَفنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى وادِي القُرَى ومَعَه عبدٌ له يُقالُ له: مِدعَمٌ، وهَبَه له أحَدُ بَنِي الضِّباب، فبَينَما هو يحُطُّ رَحلَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذ جاءَه سَهمٌ عائرٌ حَتَّى أصابَ ذَلِكَ العَبدَ، فقالَ النّاسُ: هَنيئًا له الشَّهادةُ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"بَل والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، إنَّ الشَّمْلَةَ التي أصابَها يَومَ خَيبَرَ مِنَ المَغانِمِ لَم تُصِبْها المَقاسِمُ لَتَشتَعِلُ عليه نارًا\". فجاءَ رَجلٌ حينَ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بشِراكٍ أو بشِراكَينِ فقالَ: هذا شَئٌ كُنتُ أصَبتُه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"شِراكٌ - أو: شِراكانِ - مِن نارٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد الله بنِ محمدٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٢٥٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٢٣٤).","vol":"18","page":449},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ الله بن عُمَرَ - فيما يَحسِبُ أبو سلَمةَ - عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قاتَلَ أهلَ خَيبَرَ حَتَّى أَلجأهُم إلَى قَصرِهِم، فغَلَبَ على الأرضِ والزَّرعِ والنَّخل، فصالَحوه على أن يُجلَوا مِنها ولَهُم ما حَمَلَت رِكابُهُم، ولِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - الصَّفراءُ والبَيضاءُ، ويَخرُجونَ مِنها، واشتَرَطَ عَلَيهِم ألا يَكتُموا ولا يُغَيِّبوا شَيئًا، فإِن فعَلوا فلا ذِمَّةَ لَهُم ولا عَهدَ، فغَيَّبوا مَسْكًا (^١) فيه مالٌ وحُلِيٌّ لِحُيَيِّ بنِ أخطَبَ كان احتَمَلَه مَعَه إلَى خَيبَرَ حينَ أُجليَتِ النَّضيرُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِعَمِّ حُيَيٍّ: \"ما فعَلَ مَسْكُ حُيَيٍّ الذِي جاءَ به مِنَ النَّضيرِ؟ \". فقالَ: أذهَبَته النَّفَقاتُ والحُروبُ. فقالَ: \"العَهدُ قريبٌ، والمالُ أكثرُ مِن ذَلِكَ\". فدَفَعَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى الزبيرِ فمَسَّه بعَذابٍ، وقَد كان حُيَيٌّ قبلَ ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ خَرِبَةً فقالَ: قَد رأيتُ حُييًّا يَطوفُ في خَرِبَةٍ ها هنا. فذَهَبوا فطافُوا فوَجَدُوا المَسكَ في الخَرِبَة، فقَتَلَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -\nابني حُقَيقٍ - وأَحَدُهُما زَوجُ صَفيَّةَ بنتِ حُييِّ بنِ أخطَبَ - وسَبَى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - نِساءَهُم وذَراريَّهُم، وقَسَمَ أموالَهُم بالنَّكثِ الَّذِي نكَثوا، وأَرادَ أن يُجلِيَهُم مِنها فقالوا: يا محمدُ، دَعنا نكونُ في هذه الأرضِ نُصلِحُها ونَقومُ عَلَيها. ولَم يَكُنْ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - ولا لأصحابِه غِلمانٌ يَقومونَ عَلَيها، وكانوا لا يَفرُغونَ أن يَقوموا عَلَيها، فأَعطاهُم خَيبَرَ على أنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطرَ مِن كُلِّ زَرعٍ ونَخلٍ وشَئٍ ما بَدا لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ -، وكانَ عبدُ الله بن رَواحَةَ يأتيهِم كُل عامٍ فيَخرُصُها عَلَيهِم\n_________\n(^١) المَسْك: الجلد. تاج العروس ٢٧/ ٣٣١ (م س ك).","vol":"18","page":450},{"text":"ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطرَ (^١)، فشَكَوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شِدَّةَ خَرصِه، وأَرادوا أن يَرشُوه، فقالَ: يا أعداءَ اللهِ تُطعِمونِي السُّحتَ، واللهِ لَقَد جِئتُكُم مِن عِندِ أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَيَّ، ولأنتُم أبغَضُ إلَيَّ مِن عِدَّتِكُم مِنَ القِرَدَةِ والخَنازير، ولا يَحمِلُنِي بُغضِي إيّاكُم وحُبِّي إيّاه على ألا أعدِلَ بَينَكُم. فقالوا: بهَذا قامَتِ السَّماواتُ والأرضُ. قال: ورأى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بعَينِ صَفيَّةَ خُضرَةً فقالَ: \"يا صَفيَّةُ ما هذه الخُضرَةُ؟ \". فقالَت: كان رأسِي في حَجْرِ ابنِ حُقَيقٍ وأَنا نائمَةٌ، فرأيتُ كأنَّ قَمَرًا وقَعَ في حَجرِي، فأَخبَرتُه بذَلِكَ فلَطَمَنِي وقالَ: تَمَنّينَ مَلِكَ يَثرِبَ. قالَت: وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أبغَضِ النّاسِ إلَيَّ؛ قَتَلَ زَوجِي وأَبِي، فما زالَ يَعتَذِرُ إلَيَّ ويَقولُ: \"إن أباكِ ألَّبَ عليَّ العَرَبَ، وفَعَلَ وفَعَلَ\". حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ مِن نَفسِي، وكانَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يُعطِي كُلَّ امرأةٍ مِن نِسائِه ثَمانينَ وَسْقًا مِن تَمرٍ كُلَّ عامٍ وعِشرينَ وَسْقًا مِن شَعيرٍ، فلَمّا كان زَمَنُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ غَشُّوا المُسلِمينَ، وأَلقَوا ابنَ عُمَرَ مِن فوقِ بَيتٍ ففَدَعوا (^٢) يَدَيه، فقالَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ: مَن كان له سَهمٌ مِن خَيبَرَ فليَحضُرْ حَتَّى نَقسِمَها بَينَهُم. فقَسَمَها بَينَهُم، فقالَ رَئيسُهُم: لا تُخرِجْنا، دَعنا نكونُ فيها كما أقَرَّنا رسولُ اللهِ وأبو بكرٍ. فقالَ عُمَرُ لِرَئيسِهِم: أتُراه سَقَطَ عَنِّي قَولُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ بكَ إذا رَقَصت بكَ راحِلَتُكَ نَحوَ الشّامِ يَومًا ثُمَّ يَومًا ثُمَّ يَومًا؟ \". وقَسَمَها عُمَرُ بَينَ مَن\n_________\n(^١) يضمنهم الشطر: أي يعطيهم الثمر كله ويضمنون نصيب المسلمين. يظر شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٣/ ٤٥٩.\n(^٢) الفدع: إزالة المفاصل عن أماكنها بأن تزيغ اليد عن عظم الزند، والرجلُ عن عظم الساق. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ١٨١.","vol":"18","page":451},{"text":"كان شَهِدَ خَيبَرَ مِن أهلِ الحُدَيبيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بن عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ نَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالوا: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ فقَسَمَها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على سِتَّةٍ وثَلاثينَ سَهمًا؛ جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهمٍ مِائَةَ سَهمٍ، فكانَ النِّصفُ سِهامًا لِلمُسلِمينَ وسَهمَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، وعَزَلَ النِّصفَ لِلمُسلِمينَ؛ لِما يَنوبُه مِنَ الأُمورِ والنَّوائبِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لأنَّه افتَتَحَ بَعضَ خَيبَرَ عَنوَةً وبَعضَها صلحًا، فما قَسَمَ بَينَهُم هو ما افتَتَحَه عَنوَةً، وما تَرَكَه لِنَوائبِه هو ما أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه، لَم يوجَفْ عَلَيه بخَيلٍ ولا رِكابٍ.\n\n١٨٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذباريُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن محمدٍ، عن جوَيريَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - افتَتَحَ بَعضَ خَيبَرَ عَنوَةً (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٧٣٦) بسنده وبعض متنه.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٩٤)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤١٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحح أبي داود (٢٦٠٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠١٧). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٥٠).","vol":"18","page":452},{"text":"١٨٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرحمنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، عن مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ قال: لَولا آخِرُ المُسلِمينَ ما افتُتِحَت قَريَةٌ إلَّا قَسَمتُها كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ عن عبد الرَّحمنِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الله بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بن سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: لَولا أنِّي أترُكُ الناسَ بَبّانًا لا شَئَ لَهُم ما فُتِحَت قَريَةٌ إلا قَسَمناها (^٣) كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خيبرَ. (^٤)\nقال الشَّيخُ: وهَذا عِندَنا والله أعلمُ على أنَّه كان يَستَطيبُ قُلوبَهُم، ثُمَّ يَقِفُها لِلمُسلِمينَ نَظَرًا لَهُم.\n\n١٨٤٣٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن نَجْد، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٨٤)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٠٢٠). وتقدم في (١٢٩٥١).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٣٤).\n(^٣) في س، ص ٨، م: \"قسمتها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ٢٤٦ من طريق ابن وهب به. وأبو يعلى في مسنده (٢٢٤) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وتقدم في (١٢٩٥٢).","vol":"18","page":453},{"text":"ابنُ المُبارَك، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا مَولَى ابنِ عُمَرَ يقولُ: أصابَ النّاسُ فتحًا بالشّامِ فيهِم بلالٌ - وأَظُنُّه ذَكَرَ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ - ﵄ - فكَتَبوا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: إنَّ هذا الفَئَ الَّذِي أصَبنا لَكَ خُمُسُه ولَنا ما بَقِيَ، لَيسَ لأحَدٍ مِنه شَئٌ، كما صَنَعَ النَّبي - ﷺ - بخَيبَرَ. فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إنَّه لَيسَ على ما قُلتُم، ولَكِنِّي أقِفُها لِلمُسلِمينَ. فراجَعوه الكِتابَ وراجَعَهُم، يأبَونَ ويأبَى، فلَمّا أبَوا قامَ عُمَرُ فدَعا عَلَيهِم فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اكفِنِي بلالًا وأَصحابَ بلالٍ. قال: فما حالَ الحَولُ عَلَيهِم حَتَّى ماتوا جَميعًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَولُه: إنَّه لَيسَ على ما قُلتُم. لَيسَ يُريدُ به إنكارَ ما احتَجّوا به مِن قِسمَةِ خَيبَرَ؛ فقَد رُوّيناه عن عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ويُشبِهُ أن يُريدَ به: لَيسَتِ المَصلَحَةُ فيما قُلتُم، وإِنَّما المَصلَحَةُ في أن أقِفَها لِلمُسلِمينَ. وجَعَلَ يأبَى قِسمَتَها لِما كان يَرجو مِن تَطييبِهِم ذَلِكَ له، وجَعَلوا يأبَونَ لِما كان لَهُم مِنَ الحَقِّ، فلَمّا أبَوا لَم يُبرِمْ عَلَيهِمُ الحُكمَ بإِخراجِها مِن أيديهِم ووَقفِها، ولَكِن دَعا عَلَيهِم حَيثُ خالَفوه فيما رأى مِنَ المَصلَحَة، وهُم لَو وافَقوه وافَقَه أفناءُ النّاسِ وأَتباعُهُم، والحديثُ مُرسَلٌ، والله أعلمُ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ القَسْمِ في فتحِ مِصرَ أنَّه رأى ذَلِكَ، ورأى الزُّبَيرُ بن العَوّامِ قِسمَتَها كما قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد بن حنبل في فضائل الصحابة (٣٧٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٩٥٨).","vol":"18","page":454},{"text":"١٨٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكر أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا قُرَادٌ أبو نوحٍ، حدثنا المُرَجّا بنُ رَجاءٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - قال: \"أيُّما قَريَة افتَتَحَها الله ورسولُه فهِيَ للهِ ولِرسولِه، وأَيُّما قَريَةٍ، افتَتَحَها المُسلِمونَ عَنوَةً فخمُسُها للهِ ولِرسولِه، وبَقيَّتُها لِمَن قاتَلَ عَلَيها\". قال أبو الفَضلِ الدُّورِيُّ: أبو سلمةَ هذا هو عِندِي صاحِبُ الطَّعامِ أو حَمّادُ بن سَلَمَةَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد رُوِّيناه في كِتابِ القَسْمِ مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ عن أبي هريرةَ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3861>بابُ الأرضِ إذا كانت صُلحًا رِقابُها لأهلِها وعَلَيها خَراجٌ يُؤَدّونَه فأَخَدها مِنهُم مسلمٌ بكِراءٍ</span>\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: لا بأسَ، كما تُستأجَرُ مِنهُم إبِلُهُم وبُيوتُهُم ورَقيقُهُم، وما دَفَعَ إلَيهِم أو إلَى السُّلطانِ بوَكالَتِهِم فلَيسَ بصَغارٍ عَلَيه، إنَّما هو دَينٌ عَلَيه يُؤَدِّيه. قال الشافِعِيُّ: والحديثُ الَّذِي يُروَى عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَنبغِي لِمُسلِمٍ أن يُؤَدِّيَ خَراجًا، ولا لِمُشرِكٍ أن يَدخُلَ المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ\". إنَّما هو خَراجُ الجِزيَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٥٩٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٩٦١).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٨٠.","vol":"18","page":455},{"text":"قال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَدِ اتَّخَذَ أرضَ الخَراجِ قَومٌ مِن أهلِ الوَرَعِ والدّين، وكَرِهَه قَومٌ احتياطًا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الكَراهيَةُ فلِما (^٢):\n\n١٨٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن محمدِ بنِ بَكارِ بنِ بلالٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عيسَى بنِ سُمَيعٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبد الله، عن مُعاذٍ أنَّه قال: مَن عَقَدَ الجِزيَةَ في عُنُقِه فقَد بَرِئَ مِما عَلَيه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بن شُرَيحٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمارَةُ بن أبي الشَّعثاء، حَدَّثَنِي سِنانُ بن قَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي شَبيبُ بن نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن خُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو الدَّرداءِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن أخَذَ أرضًا بجِزيَتِها فقَدِ استَقالَ هِجرَتَه، ومَن نَزَعَ صَغارَ كافِرٍ مِن عُنُقِه فجَعَلَه في عُنُقِه فقَد ولَّى الإِسلامَ ظَهرَه\". قال سِنانٌ: فسَمِعَ مِنِّي خالِدُ بن مَعدانَ هذا الحديثَ فقالَ لِي: أشَبيبٌ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فإِذا قَدِمتَ فسَلْه فليَكتُبْ إلَيَّ بالحديثِ. قال: فكَتَبَ له، فلَمّا قَدِمتُ سألَني ابنُ مَعدانَ القِرطاسَ فأَعطَيتُه، فلَمّا قَرأه تَرَكَ ما في يَدَيه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٢) في م: \"ففيما\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٨١). وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ١٠٠ (١٩٦) من طريق زيد بن واقد به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٨١: منقطع.","vol":"18","page":456},{"text":"الأرضِ حينَ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nقال أبو داودَ: هذا يَزيدُ بن خُمَيرٍ اليَزَنِيُّ، لَيسَ هو صاحِبَ شُعبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذانِ الحديثانِ إسنادُهُما إسنادٌ شامِيٌّ، والبُخارِيُّ ومُسلِمٌ لَم يَحتَجَّ بمِثلِهِما، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ وحَجّاجٌ، قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حَبيبٍ هو ابنُ أبي ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - وسألَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّي أكونُ بالسَّوادِ فأَتَقَبَّلُ (^٣)، ولا أُريدُ أن أزدادَ؛ إنَّما أُريدُ أن أدفَعَ عن نَفسِي. فقَرأَ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ إلَى ﴿حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]: لا تَنزعِ الصَّغارَ مِن أعناقِهِم فتَجعَلَه في عُنُقِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٨٢). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٢٤٤) من طريق بقية به دون قول سنان، وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٨١: عمارة لا أعرفه، وشيخه وثق.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٣٠٨٢).\n(^٣) قبالة أرض الصلح أو الأرض الموات: أن يُقَبِّلها الإمام إنسانًا، أي يعطيها إياه مزارعة أو مساقاة، كما كان رسول الله - ﷺ - يقبل خيبر من أهلها. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ١٥٧.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٤٠. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٩٨) عن حجاج به. وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣١٥) من طريق حبيب به بنحوه.","vol":"18","page":457},{"text":"عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عبدُ الله بن عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ الله بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - كان إذا سُئلَ عن الرَّجُلِ مِن أهلِ الإِسلامِ يأخُذُ الأرضَ مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ بما عَلَيها مِنَ الخَراجِ يقولُ: لا يَحِلُّ لِمُسلِمٍ - أو لا يَنبَغِي لِمُسلِمٍ - أن يَكتُبَ على نَفسِه الذُّلَّ والصَّغارَ.\n\n١٨٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن علي بن عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: ما يَسُرُّنِي أنَّ الأرضَ كُلَّها لي بجزيَةِ خَمسَةِ دَراهِمَ أُقِرُّ فيها بالصَّغارِ على نَفسِي (^١).\n\n١٨٤٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ بن سعيدٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن القاسِم، عن عبد اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ قال: مَن أقَرَّ بالطَّسْقِ (^٢) فقَد أقَرَّ بالصَّغارِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3862>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ شِراءَ أرضِ الخَراجِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرحمنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٦٤). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣١٤) من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.\n(^٢) الطَّسْق: خراج الأرض المقرر عليها. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٢٤.\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٦٥). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣٠٩) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":458},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سُفيانَ العُقَيلِيِّ، عن أبي عياضٍ، عن عُمَرَ قال: لا تَشتَروا رَقيقَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ؛ فإِنَّهُم أهلُ خَراجٍ يُؤَدِّي بَعضُهُم عن بَعضٍ، وأَرَضِيهِم فلا تَبتاعوها، ولا يُقِرَّنَّ أحَدُكُم بالصَّغارِ بَعدَ إذ نَجّاه اللهُ مِنه (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: أرادَ فيما نُرَى أنَّه إذا كانَت له مَماليكُ وأَرضٌ وأَموالٌ ظاهِرَةٌ كانَت أكثَرَ لِجِزيَتِه، وهَكَذا كانَت سُنَّةُ عُمَرَ فيهِم؛ إنَّما كان يَضَعُ الجِزيَةَ على قَدرِ اليَسارِ والعُسرِ؛ فلِهَذا كَرِهَ أن يُشتَرَى رَقيقُهُم، وأَمّا شِراءُ الأرضِ فإِنَّه ذَهَبَ فيه إلَى الخَراجِ كَرِهَ أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ، ألا تَراه يقولُ: ولا يُقِرَّنَّ أحَدُكُم بالصَّغارِ بَعدَ إذ نَجّاه اللهُ مِنه؟ قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقَد رَخصَ في ذَلِكَ بَعدَ عُمَرَ رِجالٌ مِن أكابِرِ أصحابِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -؛ مِنهُم عبدُ الله بن مَسعود كانَتْ له أرضٌ براذانَ (^٢)، وخَبّابُ بنُ الأرَتِّ وغَيرُهُما (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن علي بن عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا عَبدَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أن يَشتَرِيَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) أبو محمد في الأموال (١٩٤) وعنده: شقيق. بدل: سفيان. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٠٧٥) من طريق ابن أبي عروبة، مختصرًا. وعنده: عن أبي عياض عن سفيان العقيلي. بدلا من: سفيان عن أبي عياض عن عمر.\n(^٢) راذان: يراد بها هنا قرية بنواحي المدينة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٧٣٠.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي محمد ٣/ ٣٧٢، ٣٧٣.","vol":"18","page":459},{"text":"أرضِ الخَراجِ شَيئًا، ويَقولُ: عَلَيها خَراجُ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن كُلَيبِ بنِ وائلٍ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عُمَرَ: اشتَرَيتُ أرضًا. قال: الشِّراءُ حَسَنٌ. قال: قُلتُ: فإِنَى أُعطِي مِن كُلِّ جَريبِ أرضٍ دِرهَمًا وقَفيزًا مِن طَعامٍ. قال: فلا تَجعَلْ في عُنُقِكَ صَغارًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3863>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ في شِراءِ أرضِ الخَراجِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجَّاج، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبد الرحمنِ قال: اشتَرَى عبدُ اللهِ أرضًا مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ. قال: فقالَ له صاحِبُها، يَعنِي دَهْقَانَها (^٣): أنا أكفيكَ إعطاءَ خَراجِها والقيامَ عَلَيها (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٧٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٠٧٦) عن عبدة به.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٥٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠١٠٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣١٣) من طريق كليب به.\n(^٣) كذا ضبطه في الأصل بفتح الدال، وقد تقدم بالكسر وهو المشهور. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ٣٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١١٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به. ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (١٦٦، ١٦٧) بنحوه، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٣٠٦) من طريق حجاج به.","vol":"18","page":460},{"text":"الشَّعبِيِّ، قال: اشتَرَى عبدُ اللهِ أرضَ خَراجٍ مِن دِهْقَانٍ، وعَلَى أن يَكفيَه خَراجَها (^١).\n\n١٨٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِي حَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: اشتَرَى الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ - ﵄ - مَلحَةً أو مِلحًا، واشتَرَى الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ - ﵁ - شَريدَينِ (^٢) مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ. وقالَ: قَد رَدَّ إلَيهِم عُمَرُ أرضَهُم، وصالَحَهُم على الخَراجِ الَّذِي وضَعَه عَلَيهِم (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّام، عن الحَجّاج، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ حَسَنٍ، أن الحَسَنَ والحُسَينَ - ﵄ - اشتَريا قِطعَةً مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ.\n\n١٨٤٥١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عَبّادٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أن حُذَيفَةَ اشتَرَى قِطعَةً مِن أرضِ الخَراجِ.\n\n١٨٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحيم، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَكَم،\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٧٠).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بريدين\".\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٧١)، ومن طريقه الخطيب البغدادي ١/ ١٨.","vol":"18","page":461},{"text":"عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه اشتَرَى أرضًا مِن أرضِ الحِيرَةِ يُقالُ لَها زَبّا (^١). قال: وقالَ الحَكَمُ: وكانوا يُرَخِّصونَ في شِراءِ أرضِ الحِيرَةِ مِن أجلِ أنَّهُم صُلحٌ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٥٣ - قال يَحْيَى: وسألتُ حَسَنَ بنَ صالِحٍ، فكَرِهَ شِراءَ أرضِ الخَراجِ التي أخِذَتْ عَنوَةً فوُضِعَ عَلَيها الخَراجُ، ولَم يَرَ بأسًا بشِراءِ أرضِ أهلِ الصُّلحِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3864>بابٌ: مَن أسلَمَ مِن أهلِ الصُّلحِ سَقَطَ الخَراجُ عن أرضِهِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن علي الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن طَلحَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ ﵀ إلَى عبد الحَميدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ. فذَكَرَه فقالَ فيه: ولا خَراجَ على مَن أسلَمَ مِن أهلِ الأرضِ (^٤).\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيه حَديثًا مُسنَدًا: \"لَيسَ عَلَيهِم فيه إلَّا صَدَقَةٌ\". وقَد مَضَى ذلِكَ مَعَ غَيرِه في كِتابِ الزكاةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ربا\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٧٣).\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٥٢).\n(^٤) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٦٢). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٢٠)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٨٠) من طريق محمد بن طلحة به.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٧٥٧٤).","vol":"18","page":462},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3865>بابٌ: الأرضُ إذا أُخِذَت عَنوَةً فوُقِفَت لِلمُسلِميَن بطيبِ أنفُسِ الغانِميَن لَم يَجُز بَيعُها، [أو إِذا أسلَمَ مَن هِيَ في يَدَيهِ] (^١) لَم يَسقُط خَراجُها</span>\n\n١٨٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ هو ابنُ حَربٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: اشتَرَى عُتبَةُ بن فَرْقَدٍ أرضًا مِن أرضِ الخَراج، ثُمّ أتَى عُمَرَ فأَخبَرَه، فقالَ: مِمَّن اشتَرَيتَها؟ قال: مِن أهلِها. قال: فهَؤُلاءِ أهلُها - لِلمُسلِمينَ - أبِعتُموه شَيئًا؟ قالوا: لا. قال: اذهَبْ فاطلُبْ مالَكَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسٌ، عن أبي إسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ فَرقَدٍ، قال: اشتَرَيتُ عَشَرَةَ أجرِبَةٍ مِن أرضِ السَّوادٍ على شاطئِ الفُراتِ لِقَضْبِ دَوابِّي (^٣)، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ قال: اشتَرَيتَها مِن أصحابِها؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: رُحْ إلَيَّ. قال: فرُحتُ إلَيه، فقالَ: يا هَؤُلاء، أبِعتُموه شَيئًا؟ قالوا: لا. قال: ابتَغِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"إذا أسلم من هي في يده\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٦٨). وأخرجه الخطيب البغدادي ١/ ١٧ من طريق الحسن بن علي بن عفان به.\n(^٣) القضب: العلف الرطب الذي تأكله الدواب. وقيل: كل نبات اقتضب وأكل رطبا فهو قضب. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨٩، وتاج العروس ١٨/ ٧٦ (ق ض ب).","vol":"18","page":463},{"text":"مالَكَ حَيثُ وضَعتَه (^١).\n\n١٨٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا حَسَنُ بن صالِحٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: أسلَمَتِ امرأةٌ مِن أهلِ نَهَرِ المَلِكِ (^٢). قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ، أو كَتَبَ عُمَرُ: إنِ اختارَت أرضَها وأَدَّت ما على أرضِها فخَلُّوا بَينَها وبَينَ أرضِها، وإِلَّا خَلوُّا بَينَ المُسلِمينَ وبَينَ أرَضِيهِم (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا حَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ الأسَدِيِّ، عن أبي عَونٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعَلِيٌّ - ﵄ - إذا أسلَمَ الرَجُلُ مِن أهلِ السَّوادِ تَرَكاه يَقومُ بخَراجِه في أرضِهِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٥٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحْيَى، حدثنا شَريكٌ وقَيسٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ قال: أسلَمَ الرُّفَيلُ (^٥)، فأَعطاه عُمَرُ أرضَه بخَراجِها وفَرَضَ له ألفَينِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٦٩). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٢٨٥) من طريق أبي إسماعيل بكير بن عامر به.\n(^٢) نَهَر الملك: كورة واسعة بغداد. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٨٤٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٤٩٥)، والخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨١).\n(^٤) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨٧).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الرقيل\". والرفيل جد بني المسلمة. الإكمال لابن ماكولا ٤/ ٩٤.\n(^٦) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠١٣٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٨٣١) من طريق جابر به.","vol":"18","page":464},{"text":"١٨٤٦٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بن الرَّبيع، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن بَنِي زُهرَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى سَعدٍ يُقطِعُ سعيدَ بنَ زَيدٍ أرضًا، فأَقطَعَه أرضًا لِبَنِي الرُّفَيلِ (^١) فأَتَى ابنُ الرُّفَيلِ (^١) عُمَرَ فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ علامَ صالَحتُمونا؟ قال: على أن تُؤَدّوا إلَينا الجِزيَةَ، ولَكُم أرضكُم وأَموالُكُم وأَولادُكُم. قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أقطَعتَ أرضي لِسَعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَى سَعدٍ: رُدَّ عَلَيه أرضَه. ثُمَّ دَعاه إلَى الإِسلامِ فأَسلَمَ، ففَرَضَ له عُمَرُ سَبعَمِائَةٍ وجَعَلَ عَطاءَه في خَثعَمَ، وقالَ: إن أقَمتَ في أرضِكَ أدَّيتَ عَنها ما كُنتَ تُؤَدِّي (^٢).\nوهَذا في إسنادِه ضعفٌ، فإِن ثَبَتَ كان قَولُه: ولَكُم أرضكُم. مَحمولًا على أنَّه أرادَ: ولَكُم أرضُكُمُ التي كانَت لَكُم تَزرَعُونَها، وتُعطونَ خَراجَها. وذَلِكَ فيما أُخِذَ عَنوَة؛ ألا تَراه (^٣) لَم يسقُطْ عنه خَراجُها حينَ أسلَمَ وفي الصُّلحِ يَسقُطُ؟\n\n١٨٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَم، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيَّ يقولُ: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقالَ: إنِّي قَد أسلَمتُ، فضَعْ عن أرضي الخَراجَ. فقالَ: لا، إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الرقيل\".\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"تركه\".","vol":"18","page":465},{"text":"أرضكَ أُخِذَت عَنوَةً. قال: وجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ أرضَ كَذا وكَذا يُطيقُونَ مِنَ الخَراجِ أكثَرَ مِمّا عَلَيهِم. فقالَ: لا سَبيلَ إلَيهِم؛ إنَّما صالَحناهُم صُلحًا (^١).\n\n١٨٤٦٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ أبي الحَكَم، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ قال: أسلَمَ دِهْقانٌ مِن أهلِ السَّوادٍ في عَهدِ عليٍّ، فقالَ له عليٌّ: إن أقَمْتَ في أرضكَ رَفَعنا الجِزيَةَ عن رأسِكَ وأَخَذْنا مِن أرضِكَ، وإِن تَحَوَّلتَ عَنها فنَحنُ أحَق بها (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٦٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَحيَى، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن المَسعودِيِّ، عن أبي عَونٍ قال: أسلَمَ دِهْقانٌ مِن أهلِ عَينِ التَّمر، فقالَ له عليٌّ: أمَّا جِزيَةُ رأسِكَ فنَرفَعُها، وأَما أرضكَ فلِلمُسلِمينَ، فإِن شِئتَ فرَضْنا لَكَ، وإِن شِئتَ جَعَلناكَ قَهرَمانًا (^٣) لَنا، فما أخرَجَ اللهُ مِنها مِن شَئ أتَيتَنا بهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3866>بابُ الأسيِر يُؤخَذُ عَلَيه العَهدُ ألَّا يَهرُبَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فمَتَى قَدَرَ على الخُروجِ مِنها فليَخرُجْ؛ لأنَّ يَمينَه يَمينُ مُكرَهٍ. قال: ولَعَلَّه لَيسَ بواسِعٍ له أن يُقيمَ مَعَهُم إذا قَدَرَ على\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٤٩). وأخرجه محمد الرزاق (١٩٢٨٤) عن معمر به.\n(^٢) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨٨). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٩٣) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) القهرمان: هو كالخازن والوكيل والحافظ لما تحت يده، بالفارسية. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٢٩.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٤٩٥)، والخراج ليحيى بن آدم (١٨٩). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٠٦) من طريق المسعودى به بمعناه.","vol":"18","page":466},{"text":"التَّنَحِّي عَنهُم (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لِما:\n\n١٨٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - سَريَّةً إلَى خَثعَمَ، فاعتَصَمَ ناسٌ مِنهُم بالسُّجود، فاُسرعَ (^٢) فيهِمُ القَتلُ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَ لَهُم بنِصفِ العَقل، وقالَ: \"أنا بَرِيءٌ مِن كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ مُقيمٍ بَينَ أظهُرِ المُشرِكينَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، ولِمَ؟ قال: \"لا تَرايا ناراهُما\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إدريسَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تُساكِنوا المُشرِكينَ ولا تُجامِعوهُم، فمَن ساكَنَهُم أو جامَعَهُم فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"وأسرع\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٥٤٩).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٤١، ١٤٢، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه البزار في مسنده (٤٥٦٩)، والطبراني (٦٩٠٥) من طريق إسحاق بن إدريس به.","vol":"18","page":467},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3867>بابُ الأسيِر يُؤمَنُ فلا يَكونُ له أن يَغْتالَهُم في أموالِهِم وأَنفُسِهِم</span>\nقال الشافِعِيُّ ﵀: لأنَّهُم إذا آمَنُوه فهُم في أمانٍ مِنه (^١).\n\n١٨٤٦٦ - وقَد حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيب، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبد اللهِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لِكُلِّ غادِرٍ لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ يُقالُ: هذه غَدرَةُ فُلانٍ\" (^٢). أَخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ شعبة (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبانٍ، عن السُّدِّيِّ، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ شَدَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عمرُو بن الحَمِقِ الخُزاعِيُّ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا آمَنَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ على نَفسِه ثُمَّ قَتَلَه، فأَنا بَرِيءٌ مِنَ القاتِلِ وإن كان المَقتولُ كافِرًا\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ بن خالِدٍ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٣٥٣)، والطيالسى (٢٥٢). وتقدم في (١٦٧١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١٨٦)، ومسلم (١٧٣٦/ ١٢، وعقبه).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٣٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٠٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٨٢)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٤٢٥٢) من طريق السدى به. وقال الهيثمى في \"المجمع ٦/ ٢٨٥: رواه الطبراني بأسانيد كثيرة وأحدها رجاله ثقات.","vol":"18","page":468},{"text":"عُمَيرٍ، عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ شَدّادٍ قال: كُنتُ أبطَنَ شَئٍ بالمُختارِ. يَعنِي الكَذّابَ (^١)، قال: فدَخَلتُ عَلَيه ذاتَ يَومٍ، فقالَ: دَخَلتَ وقَد قامَ جِبريلُ قَبلُ مِن هذا الكُرسِيِّ. قال: فأَهوَيتُ إلَى قائمِ السَّيف، فقُلتُ: ما أنتَظِرُ أن أمشِيَ بَينَ رأسِ هذا وجَسَدِه. حَتَّى ذَكَرتُ حَديثًا حَدَّثَنِيه عمرُو بن الحَمِقِ الخُزاعِيُّ أنَّ النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا آمَنَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ على دَمِه ثُمَّ قَتَلَه، رُفِعَ له لِواءُ الغَدرِ يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فكَفَفتُ عَنه (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني حَيوَةُ بن شُرَيحٍ، عن ابنِ الهاد، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ، خَرَجَت سَريَّةٌ فأَخَذوا إنسانًا مَعَه غَنَمٌ يَرعاها، فجاءُوا به إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فكَلَّمَه النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - ما شاءَ الله أن يُكَلِّمَه به، فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: إنِّي قَد آمَنتُ بكَ وبِما جِئتَ به، فكَيفَ بالغَنَمِ يا رسولَ الله، فإِنَّها أمانَةٌ، وهِيَ لِلنّاسِ الشاةُ والشّاتانِ وأَكثَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"احصُبْ وُجُوهَها تَرجِعْ إلَى أهلِها\". فأَخَذَ قَبضَةً مِن حَصباءَ أو تُرابٍ، فرَمَى به وُجوهَها، فخَرَجَت تَشتَدُّ حَتَّى دَخَلَت كُلُّ شاةٍ إلَى أهلِها، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إلَى الصَّفِّ، فأَصابَه سَهمٌ فقَتَلَه ولَم يُصَلِّ للهِ سَجدةً قطُّ،\n_________\n(^١) هو المختار بن أبي عبيد الثقفي، الكذاب، ادعى النبوة، وأنه يعلم الغيب، غلب على الكوفة، واستولى على الموصل، وتتبع قتلة الحسين فقتلهم، ثم قاتله مصعب بن الزبير حتى حصره في قصر الكوفة وقتله ومن كان معه سنة (٦٧ هـ). ينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٣/ ٥٣٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٨٢، والطيالسى (١٣٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٤٦، ٢١٩٤٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٣٩، ٨٧٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٨٨) من طريق عبد الملك به. وفي =","vol":"18","page":469},{"text":"قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"أدخِلوه الخِباءَ\". فأُدخِلَ خِباءَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - دَخَلَ عَلَيه، ثُمّ خَرَجَ فقالَ: \"لَقَد حَسُنَ إسلامُ صاحِبِكُم، لَقَد دَخَلتُ عَلَيه وإِنَّ عِندَه لَزَوجَتَينِ له مِنَ الحُورِ العِينِ\" (^١).\nلَم أكتُبْه مَوصُولًا إلا مِن حَديثِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بنِ سَعدٍ، وقَد تكلَّموا فيهِ (^٢).\nورُوِيَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يسارٍ عن أبيه مُرسَلًا.\nورُوِيَ عن أبي العاصِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ فيه قِصَّةٌ شَبيهَةٌ بهَذِه، إلَّا أنَّها بإِسنادٍ مُرسَلٍ:\n\n١٨٤٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الله بن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: خَرَجَ أبو العاصِ بنُ الرَّبيعِ تاجِرًا إلَى الشّام، وكانَ رَجُلًا مأمونًا، وكانَت مَعَه بَضائعُ لِقُرَيشٍ، فأَقبَلَ قافِلًا فلَقِيَه سَريَّةٌ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فاستاقُوا عِيرَه وأفلَتَ، وقَدِموا على رسولِ الله - ﷺ - بما أصابوا فقَسَمَه بَينَهُم، وأَتَى أبو العاصِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ على زَينَبَ - ﵂ -، فاستَجارَ بها،\n_________\n= الزوائد: إسناده صحيح ورجاله ثقات.\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٢٥، ٢٢١، والحاكم ٢/ ١٣٦ وصححه، وقال الذهبي: بل كان شرحبيل متهما.\n(^٢) هو شرحبيل بن سعد أبو سعد الخطمى المدني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريح الكبير ٤/ ٢٥١، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٣٣٨، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٣٩، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٣٤٨: صدوق اختلط بأخرة.","vol":"18","page":470},{"text":"وسألَها أن تَطلُبَ له مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَدَّ مالِه عَلَيه وما كان مَعَه مِن أموالِ النّاس، فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - السَّريَّةَ فسألَهُم، فرَدُّوا عَلَيه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فأَدَّى على النّاسِ ما كان مَعَه مِن بَضائعِهِم، حَتَّى إذا فرَغَ قال: يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ هَل بَقِيَ لأحَدٍ مِنكُم مَعِي مالٌ لَم أرُدَّه عَلَيهِ؟ قالوا: لا، فجَزاكَ اللهُ خَيرًا، قَد وجَدناكَ وفيًّا كَريمًا. فقالَ: أمَا واللهِ ما مَنَعَنِي أن أُسلِمَ قبلَ أن أقدَمَ عَلَيكُم إلَّا تَخَوُّفًا أن تَظُّنّوا أنِّي إنَّما أسلَمتُ لأذهَبَ بأَموالِكُم، فإِنِّي أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا الله وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في المُسلِمِ إذا أُسِرَ ولَم يُؤَمِّنوه، ولَم يأخُذوا عَلَيه أنَّهُم آمِنونَ مِنه: فلَه أخذُ ما قَدَرَ عَلَيه مِن أموالِهِم وإفسادُه، والهَرَبُ مِنهُم (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا حَديثَ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ في المَرأَةِ المُسلِمَةِ التي أخَذَتِ النّاقَةَ وهَرَبَت عَلَيها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3868>بابُ الأسيِر يَستَعينُ به المُشرِكونَ على قِتالِ المُشرِكينَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَد قيلَ: يُقاتِلُهُم؛ قَد قاتَلَ الزُّبَيرُ وأَصحابٌ له ببِلادِ الحَبَشَةِ مُشرِكينَ عن مُشرِكينَ. ولَو قال قائلٌ: يَمتَنِعُ عن قِتالِهِم لِمَعانٍ - ذَكَرَها الشّافِعِيُّ - كان مَذهَبًا، ولا نَعلَمُ خَبَرَ الزُّبيرِ يَثبُتُ، ولَو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٨٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦٧/ ١٢ من طريق أحمد بن عبد الجبار به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٧.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٢٩٠ - ١٨٢٩٢، ١٨٨٨٦). وسيأتي في (٢٠٠٨٤).","vol":"18","page":471},{"text":"ثَبَتَ كان النَّجاشِيُّ مُسلِمًا؛ كان آمَنَ برسولِ الله - ﷺ -، وصَلَّى النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ - زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَت: لَمّا ضاقَت عَلَينا مَكَّةُ. فذَكَرَتِ الحديثَ في هِجرَتِهِم إلَى أرضِ الحَبَشَة، وما كان مِن بِعثَةِ قُرَيشٍ عمرَو بنَ العاصِ وعَبدَ الله بنَ أبي رَبيعَةَ إلَى النَّجاشِيِّ ليُخرِجَهُم مِن بلادِه، ويَرُدَّهُم عَلَيهِم، وما كان مِن دُخولِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وأَصحابِه - ﵃ - على النَّجاشِيِّ، قال: فقالَ النَّجاشِيُّ: هَل مَعَكُم شَئٌ مِمّا جاءَ بهِ؟ فقالَ له جَعفَرٌ: نَعَم. فقَرأ عَلَيه صَدرًا مِن (كهيعص) فبَكَى واللهِ النَّجاشِيُّ حَتَّى أخضَلَ لِحيَتَه وبَكَتْ أساقِفَتُه حَتَّى أخضلوا مَصاحِفَهُم (^٢)، ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ هذا الكَلامَ لَيَخرُجُ مِنَ المِشكاةِ التي جاءَ بها موسَى، انطَلِقوا راشِدينَ. ثُمّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في تَصويرِهِما له أنَّهُم يَقولونَ في عيسَى ابنِ مَريَمَ ﵇ أنَّه عبدٌ، فدَخَلوا عَلَيه وعِندَه بَطارِقَتُه، فقالَ: ما تَقولونَ في عيسَى ابنِ مَريَمَ ﵇؟ فقالَ له جَعفَرٌ: نَقولُ: هو عبدُ اللهِ ورسولُه وكَلِمَتُه ورُوحُه ألقاها إلَى مَريَمَ العَذراءِ البَتولِ. فدَلَّى النَّجاشِيُّ يَدَه إلَى الأرض، فأَخَذَ عُوَيدًا بَينَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مضاجعهم\".","vol":"18","page":472},{"text":"إصبَعَيه، فقالَ: ما عَدا عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ ما قُلتَ هذا العُوَيدَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قالَت: فلَم يَنشَبْ أن خَرَجَ عَلَيه رَجُل مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ يُنازِعُه في مُلكِه، فواللهِ ما عَلِمتُنا حَزِنَّا حُزنًا قَطّ كان أشَدَّ مِنه؛ فرَقًا مِن أن يَظهَرَ ذَلِكَ المَلِكُ عَلَيه، فيأتِيَ مَلِكٌ لا يَعرِفُ مِن حَقِّنا ما كان يَعرِفُ، فجَعَلنا نَدعو اللهَ ونَستَنصِرُه لِلنَّجاشِيِّ، فخَرَجَ إلَيه سائرًا، فقالَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعضهُم لِبَعضٍ: مَن رَجُلٌ يَخرُجُ فيَحضُرَ الوَقعَةَ حَتَّى يَنظُرَ على مَن تكونُ؟ فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ وكانَ مِن أحدَثِهِم سِنًّا: أنا. فنَفَخوا له قِربَةً، فجَعَلَها في صَدرِه، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَسبَحُ عَلَيها في النّيلِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنَ الشِّقَّةِ الأُخرَى إلَى حَيثُ التَقَى النّاسُ، فحَضَرَ الوَقعَةَ فهَزَمَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ المَلِكَ وقَتَلَه، وظَهَرَ النَّجاشِيُّ عَلَيه، فجاءَنا الزُّبَيرُ فجَعَلَ يُليحُ (^١) إلَينا برِدائِه، ويَقولُ: ألا أبشِروا، فقَد أظهَرَ الله النَّجاشِيَّ. فواللهِ ما فرِحنا بشَئٍ فرَحَنا بظُهورِ النَّجاشِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3869>بابُ الأسيِر يُؤخَذُ عَلَيه أن يَبعَثَ إلَيهِم بفِداءٍ أو يَعودَ في إسارِهِم</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: رُوِيَ عن الأوزاعِيِّ: يَعودُ في إسارِهِم إن لَم يُعطِهِمُ المالَ. قال: ومَنَ ذَهَبَ مَذهَبَ الأوزاعِيِّ ومَن قال بقَولِه فإِنَّما يَحتَجُّ - فيما أُراه - بما رُوِيَ عن بَعضِهِم أنَّه رَوَى أن النبي - ﷺ - صالَحَ أهلَ الحُدَيبيَةِ أن يَرُدَّ مَن جاءَه مِنهُم بَعدَ الصُّلحِ مُسلِمًا، فجاءَه أبو جَندَلٍ فرَدَّه إلَى أبيه،\n_________\n(^١) يليح بردائه: يرفعه ويحركه ليلوح للناظر. المغرب في ترتب المعرب ٢/ ٢٥١، ٣١٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٢/ ٣٠١، وابن إسحاق في السيرة (٢٨٢)، ومن طريقه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٠).","vol":"18","page":473},{"text":"وأبو بَصيرٍ فرَدَّه، فقَتَلَ أبو بَصيرٍ المَردودَ مَعَه، ثُمّ جاءَ النبي - ﷺ - فقالَ: قَد وفَيتَ لَهُم، ونَجّانِي اللهُ مِنهُم. فلَمْ يَرُدَّه النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - ولَم يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه وتَرَكَه، فكانَ بطَريقِ الشّامِ يَقطَعُ على كُلِّ مالٍ لِقُرَيشٍ، حَتَّى سألوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنْ يَضُمَّه إلَيه لِما نالَهُم مِن أذاه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وهَذا حَديثٌ قَد رَواه بَعضُ أهلِ المَغازِي كما وصَفتُ، ولا يَحضُرُنِي ذِكرُ إسنادِهِ (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: أخبرَناه أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، قال الزُّهرِيُّ: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبير، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ صُلحِ الحُدَيبيَة، وذَكَرَ فيه قِصَّةَ أبي جَندَلٍ وأَبِي بَصيرٍ بنَحوٍ مِن هذا وأَتَمَّ مِنه (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وإِنَّما رد النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - أبا جَندَلٍ إلَيهِم لأنّه كان لا يُخافُ عَلَيه في الرَّدِّ لِمَكانَ أبيه، وكَذَلِكَ أشارَ على أبي بَصيرٍ بالرُّجوعِ إلَيهِم في الابتِداءِ لِذَلِكَ والله أعلمُ، وسَيَرِدُ كَلامُ الشّافِعِيِّ إن شاءَ اللهُ عَلَيه في كِتابِ الجِزيَةِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٧٢ - وفي مِثلِ هذا ما أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ بن أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو صادِقٍ العَطارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الله بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) سيأتي تخريجه في (١٨٨٤٠).\n(^٣) لم نجده في كتاب الجزية.","vol":"18","page":474},{"text":"ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، أن الحَسَنَ بنَ عليِّ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ حَدَّثَه أن أبا رافِعٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه أقبَلَ بكِتابٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، قال: فلَمّا رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أُلقِيَ في قَلبِيَ الإِسلامُ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي واللهِ لا أرجِعُ إلَيهِم أبَدًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنِّي لا أَخيسُ بالعَهدِ (^١)، ولا أحبِسُ البُرْدَ (^٢)، ولَكِنِ ارجِعْ، فإِن كان في قَلبِكَ الَّذِي في قَلبِكَ الآنَ فارجِعْ\". قال: فرَجَعتُ إلَيهِم ثُمَّ أقبَلتُ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأَسلَمتُ. قال بُكَيرٌ: وأَخبَرَنِي أن أبا رإفِعٍ كان قِبطيًّا (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ - قال عبدُ اللهِ: وقَد سَمِعتُه أنا مِن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ - حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ جُمَيعٍ، حدثنا أبو الطُّفَيل، حدثنا حُذَيفَةُ بن اليَمان، قال: ما مَنَعَنِي أن أشهَدَ بَدرًا إلَّا أنِّي خَرَجتُ أنا وأَبِي حُسَيلٌ. قال: فأَخَذَنا كُفّارُ قُرَيشٍ، فقالوا: إنَّكُم تُريدونَ محمدًا. فقُلنا: ما نُريدُه، ما نُريدُ إلَّا المَدينَةَ. فأَخَذوا عَلَينا عَهدَ الله وميثاقَه لَنَنصرِفَنَّ إلَى المَدينَةِ ولا نُقاتِلُ مَعَه، فأَتَينا النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - فأَخبَرْناه الخَبَرَ فقالَ: \"انصَرِفا، نَفِي لَهُم بعَهدِهِم ونَستَعينُ\n_________\n(^١) أخيس بالعهد: أنقضه. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١٢٣.\n(^٢) البُرْد: جمع بريد، وهو الرسول. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١١٥.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٥٩٨. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٥٧)، وأبو داود (٢٧٥٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٦٨٨: سمعه ابن وهب منه، وهو غريب.","vol":"18","page":475},{"text":"باللهِ عَلَيهِم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرٍ عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهذا لأنّه لَم يُؤَدِّ انصِرافُهُما إلَى تَركِ فرضٍ - إذ لَم يَكُنْ خُروجُهُما واجِبًا عَلَيهِما - ولا إلَى ارتِكابِ مَحظورٍ، والعَودُ إلَيهِم والإقامَةُ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم مِمّا لا يَجوزُ إذا كان يَخافُ الفِتنَةَ على نَفسِه في العَود، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3870>بابُ ما يَجوزُ لِلأسيِر أو مَن قُدِّمَ ليُقتَلَ والرَّجُلِ بَيَن الصَّفَّيِن في مالِهِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أهلِ المَدينَةِ عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الله، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أن مُسرِفًا (^٣) قَدَّمَ يَزيدَ بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ زَمعَةَ يَومَ الحَرَّةِ ليَضرِبَ عُنُقَه، فطَلَّقَ امرأتَه ولَم يَدخُلْ بها، فسألوا أهلَ العِلمِ فقالوا: لَها نِصفُ الصَّداقِ ولا ميراثَ لَها (^٤).\n\n١٨٤٧٥ - وبإسنادِه أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا بَعضُ أهلِ العِلم، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، أن عامَّةَ صَدَقاتِ الزُّبَيرِ تَصَدَّقَ بها، وفَعَلَ أُمورًا وهو واقِفٌ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٣٣٥٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٤٠٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٨٧/ ٩٨).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: اسمه مسلم، وسماه أهل المدينة مسرفًا لما فعله\".\n(^٤) الشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٩. وفي مطبوعة الأم: أن مسروقًا قدم بين يدي عبد الله ...","vol":"18","page":476},{"text":"على ظَهرِ فرَسِه يَومَ الجَمَلِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ورُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ ﵀ وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ ﵀ أنَّهُما قالا: إذا كان الرَّجُلُ على ظَهرِ فرَسِه يُقاتِلُ فما صَنَعَ فهو جائزٌ.\nورُوِيَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ ﵀: عَطيَّةُ الحُبلَى جائزَةٌ حَتَّى تَجلِسَ بَينَ القَوابِلِ. وقالَ القاسِمُ بن محمدٍ وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: عَطيَّةُ الحامِلِ جائزَةٌ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا كُلِّه نَقولُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: حَديثُ الزُّبَيرِ قَد رُوِّيناه في كِتابِ الوَصايا بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3871>بابُ صَلاةِ الأسيِر إذا قُدِّمَ ليُقتَلَ</span>\n\n١٨٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أَسِيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ حَليفِ بَنِي زُهرَةَ - وكانَ مِن أصحابِ أبي هريرةَ - عن أبي هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَشَرَةَ رَهطٍ عَينًا (^٤)، وأَمَّرَ عَلَيهِم عاصِمَ بنَ ثابِتِ بنِ أبي الأقلَحِ - وهو جَدُّ عاصِمٍ يَعنِي ابنَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - فانطَلَقوا حَتَّى إذا كانوا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٢٨٠٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"علينا\".","vol":"18","page":477},{"text":"بالهَدَّةِ بَينَ عُسْفانَ ومَكَةَ ذُكِروا لِحَيٍّ مِن هُذَيلٍ يُقالُ لَهُم: بَنو لِحيانَ، فنَفَروا لَهُم بمائَةِ رَجُلٍ رامٍ، فاتَّبَعوا آثارَهُم حَتَّى وجَدوا مأكَلَهُمُ التَّمرَ، فقالوا: هذا تَمرُ يَثرِبَ. فلَمّا أحَسَّ بهِمُ عاصِمٌ وأَصحابُه - ﵁ - لَجَئوا إلَى قَردَدٍ (^١)، يَعنِي فأَحاطَ بهِمُ القَومُ، فقالوا: انزِلوا ولَكُمُ العَهدُ والميثاقُ ألا يُقتَلَ مِنكُم أحَدٌ. فقالَ عاصِمٌ: أمّا أنا فواللهِ لا أنزِلُ في ذِمَّةِ كافِرٍ اليَومَ، اللَّهُمَّ بَلِّغْ عَنّا نَبيَّكَ السَّلام. فقاتَلوهُم، فقُتِلَ مِنهُم سَبعَةٌ، ونَزَلَ ثَلاثَةٌ على العَهدِ والميثاق، فلَمّا استَمكَنوا مِنهُم حَلُّوا أوتارَ قِسيِّهِم وكَتَّفوهُم، فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ مِنهُم أحَدُ الثلاثَةِ قال: هو واللهِ أوَّلُ الغَدرِ. فعالَجوه فقَتَلوه، وانطَلَقوا بخُبَيبِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ وزَيدِ بنِ الدَّثِنَة، فانطَلَقوا بهِما إلَى مَكَّةَ فباعوهُما، وذَلِكَ بَعدَ وقعَةِ بَدرٍ، فاشتَرَى بَنو الحارِثِ خُبَيبًا، وكانَ قَتلَ الحارِثَ يَومَ بدرٍ، قالَتِ ابنَةُ الحارثِ: فكانَ خُبَيبٌ أسيرًا عِندَنا، فواللهِ إنْ رأيتُ أسيرًا قَطُّ كان خَيرًا مِن خُبَيبٍ، واللهِ لَقَد رأيتُه يأكُلُ قِطْفًا مِن عِنَبٍ وما بمَكَةَ يَومَئذٍ مِن ثَمَرَةٍ، وإِن هو إلا رِزقٌ رَزَقَه اللهُ خُبَيبًا. قالَت: فاستَعارَ مِنِّي موسَى يَستَحِدُّ به لِلقَتلِ. قالَت: فأَعَرتُه إيّاه، ودَرَجَ بُنَيٌّ لِي وأَنا غافِلَةٌ، فرأيتُه مُجلِسَه على صَدرِه. قالَت: ففَزِعتُ فزعَةً عَرَفَها خُبَيبٌ. قالَت: ففَطِنَ بي فقالَ: أتَحسَبيني أنِّي قاتِلُه؟ ما كُنتُ لأفعَلَه. قالَت: فلَمّا أجمَعوا على قَتلِه قال لَهُم: دَعونِي أُصَلِّي رَكعَتَينِ. قالَت: فصَلَّى رَكعَتَين، فقالَ: لَولا أن تَحسِبوا أن بِي جَزَعًا لَزِدتُ. قال: وكانَ خُبَيبٌ أوَّل مَن سَنَّ الصَلاةَ لِمَن قُتِلَ صَبرًا. ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ أحصِهِم\n_________\n(^١) القردد: الموضع المرتفع من الأرض، كأنهم تحصنوا به. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧.","vol":"18","page":478},{"text":"عَدَدًا، واقتُلْهُم بَدَدًا (^١) ولا تُبقِ مِنهُم أحَدًا. وأَنشأ يقولُ: فلَست أُبالِي حَيث (^٢) أُقتَل مُسلِمًا على أيِّ حالٍ كان في اللهِ مَصرَعِي وذَلِكَ في جَنبِ الإلَهِ وإِن يَشأْ يُبارِكْ على أوصالِ شِلوٍ ممَزَّعِ قال: وبَعَثَ المُشرِكونَ إلَى عاصِمِ بنِ ثابِتٍ ليُؤتَوا مِن لَحمِه بشَئٍ، وكانَ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِن عُظَمائهِم، فبَعَثَ الله مِثلَ الظُلَّةِ مِنَ الدَّبْرِ فحَمَتْه مِن رُسُلِهِم، فلَم يَستَطيعوا أن يأخُذوا مِن لَحمِه شَيئًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِي ابنَ سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ (^٤) بن جاريَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ حَليفُ بَنِي زُهرَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه مُختَصَرًا دونَ الشِّعرِ ودونَ قِصَّةِ عاصِمٍ في آخِرِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ بطولِه (^٦).\nقال: وأَخبَرَنِي ابنُ أَسِيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ وهو عمرُو بن أبي سُفيانَ بنِ أَسِيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، وقيلَ: عُمَرُ بن أَسِيدٍ.\n_________\n(^١) بددًا: بفتح الباء وكسرها، بالفتح أي متفرقين، وبالكسر جمع بدة وهي الحصة والنصيب أي اقتلهم حصصا مقسمة لكل واحد حصته ونصيبه. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ١١٠، النهاية ١/ ١٠٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"حين\"، وقال في حاشية الأصل: \"المعروف: حين\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٧٢٠)، وعنه أحمد (٧٩٢٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وذكر الخلاف في اسمه في تهذيب الكمال ٢٢/ ٤٥، وقال: ويقال: عمر. وعمرو أصح.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٧١١).\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٩٨٩).","vol":"18","page":479},{"text":"قال البخاريُّ: الأولُ أصَحُّ - يَعنِي عمرَو بنَ أبي سُفيانَ بنِ أَسيدٍ أصَحُّ - وكَذَلِكَ قالَه شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ ومَعمَرٌ ويونُسُ وغَيرُهُم عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3872>بابُ المُسلِمِ يَدُلُّ المُشرِكينَ على عَورَةِ المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٨٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الله بنُ هاشِمِ بنِ حيّانَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الربيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ المُرادِيُّ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا يقولُ: بَعَثَنا رسولُ الله - ﷺ - أنا والزُّبَيرَ والمِقدادَ فقالَ: \"انطَلِقوا حَتَّى تأتوا رَوضَةَ خَاخٍ فإنَّ بها ظَعينَةً مَعَها كتابٌ\". فخرَجْنا تَعادَى بنا خَيلُنا، فإِذا نَحنُ بظَعينَةٍ فقُلنا: أخرِجِي الكِتابَ. فقالَت: ما مَعِيَ كِتاب. فقُلنا لَها: لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الكِتابَ أو لَنُلقيَنَّ الثيابَ. فأَخرَجَته مِن عِقاصِها (^٢)، فأَتَينا به رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فإِذا فيه مِن حاطِبِ بنِ أبي بَلتَعَةَ إلَى أُناسٍ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ مِمن بمَكَّةَ يُخبِرُ ببَعضِ أمرِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا حاطِبُ؟ \". قال: لا تَعجَلْ عليّ، إنِّي كُنتُ امرَأً مُلصَقًا في قُرَيشٍ ولَم أكُنْ مِن أنفُسِها، وكانَ مَن مَعَكَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ لَهُم قَراباتٌ يَحمونَ بها قَراباتِهِم،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التاريح الكبير ٦/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٢) عقاصها: العقص لي خصلات الشعر بعضه على بعض وضفره ثم يرسل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٠.","vol":"18","page":480},{"text":"ولَم يَكُنْ لِي بمَكَّةَ قَرابَةٌ، فأَحبَبتُ إذ فاتَنِي ذَلِكَ أن أتَّخِذَ عِندَهُم يَدًا، واللهِ ما فعَلتُه شَكًّا في دينِي ولا رِضًا بالكُفرِ بَعدَ الإِسلامِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه قَد صَدَقَ\". فقالَ عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ دَعْنِي أضرِبْ عُنُقَ هذا المُنافِقِ. فقالَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وما يُدريكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ على أهلِ بَدرٍ فقالَ: اعمَلوا ما شِئتُم فقَد غَفَرتُ لَكُم\". ونَزَلَت: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ﴾ (^١) [الممتحنة: ١]. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحْيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ وحَيّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ السُّلَمِيِّ أنَّهُما كانا يَتَنازَعانِ في عليٍّ وعُثمانَ - ﵄ -، وكانَ حَيّانُ يُحِبُّ عَليًّا، وكانَ أبو عبد الرَّحمنِ يُحِبُّ عثمانَ، فقالَ أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ: سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ - يَعنِي عَليًّا - قال: كَتَبَ حاطِبُ بن أبي بَلتَعَةَ إلَى مَكَّةَ أن محمدًا يُريدُ أن يَغزُوَكُم بأَصحابِه فخُذوا حِذرَكُم، ودَفَعَ كِتابَه إلَى امرأةٍ يُقالُ لَها سارَةُ، فجَعَلَتْه في إزارِها أو في ذُؤابَهٍ مِن ذَوائبِها فانطَلَقَتْ، فأَطلَعَ الله رسولَه - ﷺ -\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٣٧١)، والمعرفة (٥٥٠٠)، والدلائل ٥/ ١٦، ١٧، والشافعي ٤/ ٢٤٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٠٠)، وأبو داود (٢٦٥٠)، والترمذي (٣٣٠٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٨٥)، وابن حبان (٦٤٩٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٠٧، ٤٢٧٤، ٤٨٩٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٤/ ١٦١).","vol":"18","page":481},{"text":"على ذَلِكَ. قال عليٌّ: فبَعَثَنِي ومَعِي الزُّبَيرُ بن العَوّامِ وأبو مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوِيُّ، وكُلُّنا فارِسٌ، قال: \"انطَلِقوا، فإِنَّكُم سَتَلقَونَها برَوضَةِ كَذا وكَذا، ففَتِّشوها، فإِنَّ مَعَها كِتابًا إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ مِن حاطِب\". فانطلَقنا فوافَقناها فقُلنا: هاتِي الكِتابَ الَّذِي مَعَكِ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ. فقالَت: ما مَعِيَ كِتابٌ. قال: قُلتُ: ما كَذَبتُ ولا كُذِبتُ، لَتُخرِجِنَّه أو لأُجَرِّدَنَكِ. فلَمّا عَرَفَتْ أنِّي فاعِلٌ أخرَجَتِ الكِتابَ، فأَخَذناه فانطَلَقنا به إلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، ففَتَحَه فقَرأه، فإِذا فيه: مِن حاطِبِ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ محمدًا يُريدُكُم، فخُذوا حِذرَكُم. أو (^١): تأهَّبوا. أَو كما قال، فلَمّا قرأَ الكِتابَ أرسَلَ إلَى حاطِبٍ فقالَ له:، \"أكَتَبتَ هذا الكِتابَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فما حَمَلَكَ على ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: يا رسولَ الله، أمَا واللهِ ما كَفَرتُ مُنذُ أسلَمتُ، وإِنِّي لِمُؤمِنٌ باللهِ ورسولِه، وما حَمَلَنِي على ما صَنَعتُ مِن كِتابِي إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ أحدٌ مِن أصحابِكَ إلا ولَه هُناكَ بمَكَّةَ مَن يَدفَعُ عن أهلِه ومالِه، ولَم يَكُنْ لِي هُناكَ أحَدٌ يَدفَعُ عن أهلِي وما لِي؛ فأَحبَبتُ أنْ أتَّخِذَ عِندَ القَومِ يَدًا، وإِنِّي لأعلَمُ أنَّ اللهَ سَيُظهِرُ رسولَه عَلَيهِم. قال: فصَدَّقَه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وقَبِلَ قَولَه. قال: فقامَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، دَعْني فأَضرِبَ عُنُقَه؛ فإِنَّه قَد خانَ اللهَ والمُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: يا عُمَرُ إنَّه مِن أهلِ بَدرٍ، وما يُدريكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: اعمَلوا ما شِئتُم، فقَد غَفَرتُ لَكُم\" (^٢). رَواه البخاري في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ حَوشبٍ عن هشيمٍ (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٧)، وأبو داود (٢٦٥١) من طريق حصين به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٨١).","vol":"18","page":482},{"text":"وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عبد الله بنِ إدريسَ وغَيرِه عن حُصَينٍ (^١).\nقال الشافِعِي ﵀: وقَد رُوِيَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"تَجافَوا لِذَوِي الهَيئاتِ\". وقيلَ في الحديثِ: \"ما لَم يَكُنْ حَدًّا\". فإِذا كان هذا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ ذِي الهَيئةِ وقِيلَ بجَهالَةٍ كما كان هذا مِن حاطِبٍ بجَهالَةٍ، وكانَ غَيرَ مُتَّهَمٍ أحبَبتُ أن يُتَجافَى له، وإِذا كان مِن غَيرِ ذِي الهَيئةِ كان لِلإمامِ - واللهُ أعلمُ - تَعزيرُه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3873>بابُ الجاسوسِ مِن أهلِ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ [عليِّ بنِ] (^٣) يَعقوبَ الإيَادِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، عن ابنِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَع، عن أبيه قال: أتَى رسولَ الله - ﷺ - عَينٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ وهو في سَفَرٍ. قال: فجَلَسَ فتَحَدَّثَ عِندَ أصحابِه، ثُمَّ انسَلَّ، فقالَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اطُلبوه فاقتُلوه\". قال: فسَبَقْتُهُم إلَيه، فقَتَلْتُه وأَخَذتُ سَلَبَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٨٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٩٨٣، ٦٢٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٤٩٤/ عقب ١٦١).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، ص ٨، م.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢٨٩٣).\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٠٥١).","vol":"18","page":483},{"text":"عبد الله بنِ دينارٍ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بن خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الدَّلالُ في مَسجِدِ البَصرَة، حدثنا سفيانُ الثورِيُّ، عن أبي إسحاق، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ (^١)، عن الفُراتِ بنِ حيّانَ، وكانَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - قَد أمَرَ بقَتلِه، وكانَ عَينًا لأَبِي سُفيانَ وحَليفًا - أظُنُّه قال: لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ - فمَرَّ على حَلقَةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: إنِّي مسلمٌ. فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، يقولُ: إنِّي مُسلِمٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ مِنهُم رِجالًا نَكِلُهُم إلَى إيمانِهِم، مِنهُمُ الفُراتُ بن حَيّانَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3874>بابُ الأسيِر يُستَطلَعُ مِنه خَبَرُ المُشرِكينَ</span>\n\n١٨٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذباريُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّاد، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ الله - ﷺ - نَدَبَ أصحابَه فانطَلَقَ إلَى بَدرٍ، فإِذا هُم برَوايا قُرَيشٍ فيها عبدٌ أسوَدُ لِبَني الحَجّاج، فأَخَذَه أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فجَعَلوا يَسأَلونَه: أينَ أبو سُفيانَ؟ فيَقولُ: واللهِ ما لِي بشَئٍ مِن أمرِه عِلمٌ، ولَكِن هذه قُرَيشٌ قَد جاءَت، فيهِم أبو جَهلٍ وعُتبَةُ وشَيبَةُ ابنا رَبيعَةَ وأُمَيَّةُ بن خَلَفٍ. فإِذا قال لَهُم ذَلِكَ ضَرَبوه، فيَقولُ: دَعوني دَعونِي أُخبِرْكُم. فإِذا تَرَكوه قال:\n_________\n(^١) ضبط في الأصل بكسر الراء وفتحها.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦٩١٣).","vol":"18","page":484},{"text":"واللهِ ما لي بأَبِي سُفيانَ مِن عِلمٍ، ولَكِنْ هذه قُرَيشٌ قَد أقبَلَت، فيهِم أبو جَهلٍ وعُتبَةُ وشَيبَةُ ابنا رَبيعَةَ وأُمَيَّةُ بن خَلَفٍ قَد أقبَلوا. والنَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يُصَلِّي وهو يَسمَعُ ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قال: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه إنَّكُم لَتَضرِبونَه إذا صَدَقَكُم وتَدَعونَه إذا كَذَبَكُم، هذه قُرَيشٌ قَد أقبَلَت لِتَمنَعَ أبا سُفيانَ\". قال أنَسٌ: قال رسولُ الله - ﷺ -: \"هذا مَصرَعُ فُلانٍ غَدًا\". ووَضَعَ يَدَه على الأرضِ \"وهَذا مَصرَعُ فُلانٍ غَدًا\". ووَضَعَ يَدَه على الأرضِ \"وهَذا مَصرَعُ فُلانٍ غَدًا\". ووَضَعَ يَدَه على الأرضِ. فقالَ: والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه ما جاوَزَ أحَدٌ مِنهُم عن مَوضِعِ يَدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ (^١) بهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأُخِذَ بأَرجُلِهِم فسُحِبوا، فأُلقُوا في قَليبِ بَدرٍ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3875>بابُ بَعثِ العُيونِ والطَّلائعِ مِنَ المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٨٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضر، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ المُغيرَة، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بُسَيْسَةَ عَينًا يَنظُرُ ما صَنَعَت عِيرُ أبي سُفيانَ. قال: فجاءَ وما في البَيتِ أحَدٌ غَيرِي وغَيرُ رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، فحَدَّثَه الحديثَ (^٤). أَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) في س، ص ٨، م: \"وأمر\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٩٦، ١٣٢٩٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٧٩/ ٨٣).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٨٢٤٨).","vol":"18","page":485},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي النَّضرِ كما مَضَى (^١).\n\n١٨٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الفِريابِيُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِر، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ الأحزابِ: \"مَن يأتينِي بخَبَرِ القَومِ؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يأتينِي بخَبَرِ القَومِ؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يأتينِي بخَبَرِ القَوم؟ \". فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: أنا. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ حَوارِيًّا وحَوارِيَّ الزُّبَيرُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الثَّورِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن المَديني، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: نَدَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ يَومَ الخَندَق، فانتَدَبَ الزُّبَيرُ، ثُمَّ نَدَبَهُم فانتَدَبَ الزُّبَيرُ، ثُمَّ نَدَبَهُم فانتَدَبَ الزُّبَيرُ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ حَوارِيٌّ وحَوارِيَّ الزُّبَيرُ\". قال سفيانُ: وزادَ فيه هِشامُ بن عُروةَ: \"وحَوارِيَّ الزُّبَيرُ وابنُ عَمَّتِي\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٠١/ ١٤٥)، وتقدم في (١٨٢٤٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٢١٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٤٦)، ومسلم (٢٤١٥/ عقب ٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٦٠) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"18","page":486},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ المَدينِيِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا عِندَ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمان، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: لَو أدرَكتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قاتَلتُ مَعَه وأَبلَيتُ (^٢). فقالَ له حُذَيفَةُ: أنتَ كُنتَ تَفعَلُ ذاكَ؟ لَقَد رأيتُنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَيلَةَ الأحزابِ في لَيلَةٍ ذاتِ ريحٍ شَديدَةٍ وقُرٍّ (^٣) فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألَّا رَجُلٌ يأتينِي بخَبَرِ القَومِ يَكونُ مَعِي يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ \". فلَم يُجِبْه مِنَّا أحَدٌ، ثُمَّ الثّانيَةَ مِثلَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا حُذَيفَةُ قُمْ فأتِنا بخَبَرِ القَومِ\". فلم أجِدْ بُدًّا إذ دَعانِي باسمِي أن أقومَ، فقالَ: \"ائتِنِي بخَبَرِ القَومِ ولا تَذْعَرْهُم عليّ (^٤) \". قال: فمَضَيتُ كأنَّما أمشِي في حَمَّامٍ حَتَّى أتَيتُهُم، فإِذا أبو سُفيانَ يَصْلِي ظَهرَه بالنَّار، فوَضَعتُ سَهمِي في كَبِدِ قَوسِي وأَرَدتُ أن أرميَه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُ قَولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَذْعَرْهُم عليّ\". ولَو رَمَيتُه لأصَبتُه. قال: فرَجَعتُ كأنَّما أمشِي في حَمَّامٍ، فأَتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ أصابَنِي البَردُ حينَ فرَغْتُ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧٢٦١)، ومسلم (٢٤١٥/ ٤٨).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أو أبليت\".\n(^٣) القر: البرد. المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ١٦٧.\n(^٤) لا تذعرهم عليَّ: لا تفزعهم عليَّ، يريد لا تعلمهم بنفسك. التاج ١١/ ٣٧١ (ذ ع ر).","vol":"18","page":487},{"text":"وقُرِرْتُ (^١)، فأَخبَرتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَلبَسَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن فضلِ عَباءَةٍ كانَتْ عَلَيه يُصلِّي فيها، فلَم أزَلْ نائمًا حَتَّى الصُّبح، فلَمَّا أن أصبَحتُ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"قُمْ يا نَومانُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3876>بابُ فضلِ الحَرَسِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَر، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بن نافِعٍ الحَلَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن سَلَّامٍ، أخبرَنِي زَيدُ بن سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو كَبشَةَ السَّلولِيُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سَهلَ ابنَ الحَنظَليَّةِ يَذكُرُ أنَّهُم سارُوا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ حُنَينٍ، فأَطنَبوا السَّيرَ حَتَّى كان عَشيَّةً، فحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ فارِسٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، إنِّي انطَلَقتُ بَينَ أيديكُم حَتَّى طَلَعتُ جَبَلَ كَذا وكَذا، فإِذا أنا بهَوازِنَ على بكرَةِ أبيهِم بظُعُنِهِم ونَعَمِهِم وشائهِم، فاجتَمَعوا إلَى حُنَينٍ. فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"تِلكَ غَنيمَةٌ لِلمُسلِمينَ غَدًا\n_________\n(^١) قررت: بكسر الراء، وجدت مس البرد. وبفتحها: سكت. ينظر التاج ١٣/ ٤٠٧ (ق ر ر). وضبطت في الأصل بالكسر.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٤٤٩، ٤٥٠. وأخرجه أبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٨٣٩)، وابن حبان (٧١٢٥) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٨٨/ ٩٩).","vol":"18","page":488},{"text":"إن شاءَ اللَّهُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يَحرُسُنا اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". فقالَ أنَسُ بن أبي مَرثَدٍ الغَنَوِيُّ: أنا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"اركبْ\". فرَكِبَ فرَسًا له، فجاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"استَقْبِلْ هذا الشِّعبَ حَتَّى تَكونَ في أعلاه، ولا نُغَرَّنَّ مِن قِبَلِكَ اللَّيلَةَ\". فلَمّا أصبَحنا خَرَجَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مُصَلَّاه فرَكَعَ رَكعَتَين، ثُمَّ قال: \"هَل حَسَستُم فارِسَكُم؟ \". فَقالَ رَجُلٌ: ما حَسَسنا. فثُوِّبَ بالصلاة، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَلتَفِتُ إلَى الشِّعبِ حَتَّى قَضى صلاتَه وسَلَّمَ، فقالَ: \"أبشِروا، فقَد جاءَ فارِسُكم\". قال: \"جعَلنا نَنظُرُ إلَى خِلالِ الشَّجَرِ في الشِّعب، فإِذا هو قَد جاءَ حَتَّى وقَفَ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فسَلَّمَ، فقالَ: إنِّي انطَلَقتُ حَتَّى كُنتُ في أعلَى هذا الشِّعبِ حَيثُ أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمَّا أصبَحتُ اطَّلَعتُ على الشِّعبَين، فنَظَرتُ فلَم أرَ أحَدًا. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"نَزَلتَ اللَّيلَةَ؟ \". قال: لا، إلَّا مُصَلِّيًا أو قاضِيَ حاجَةٍ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد أوجَبْتَ؛ فلا عَلَيكَ ألَّا تَعمَلَ بَعدَها\" (^١).\n\n١٨٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ثَورُ بن يَزيدَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عائذٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا أُنَبِّيُّكُم بلَيلَةٍ أفضَلَ مِن لَيلَةِ القَدرِ؟ حارِسٌ حَرَسَ في أرضِ خَوفٍ لَعَلَّه أَلَّا يَرجِعَ إلَى أهلِه\" (^٢). رَفَعَه يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٣، ٨٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وتقدم مختصرًا في (٢٢٥٢، ٢٢٨٣، ٣٩٢٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٠، ٨١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٦٨)، والروياني في مسنده (١٤٠٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"18","page":489},{"text":"القَطَّانُ، ووَقَفَه وكيعٌ (^١).\n\n١٨٤٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن شرَيحٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سميرٍ (^٢)، عن أبي عليٍّ الجَنْبِيِّ، عن أبي رَيحانَةَ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةٍ فأَوفَى بنا على شَرَفٍ، فأَصابَنا بَردٌ شَديدٌ حَتَّى إذا كان أحَدُنا يَحفِرُ الحَفيرَ، ثُمَّ يَدخُلُ فيه ويُغَطَّى عَلَيه بحَجَفَتِه، فلَمَّا رأى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذَلِكَ مِنَ النّاسِ قال: \"ألا رَجُلٌ يَحرُسُنا اللَّيلَةَ أدعو اللَّهَ له بدُعاء يُصيبُ به فضلًا؟ \". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. فدَعا لَه. قال أبو رَيحانَةَ: فقُلتُ: أنا. فدَعا لِي بدُعاءٍ هو دونَ ما دَعا به للأنصارِيِّ، ثمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. \"حُرِّمَتِ النَّارُ على عَينٍ دَمَعَت مِن خَشيَةِ الله، حُرِّمَتِ النَّارُ على عَينٍ سَهِرَت في سَبيلِ اللهِ\". قال: ونَسِيتُ الثَّالِثَةَ. قال أبو شُرَيحٍ وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن شُرَيحٍ: وسَمِعتُه بَعدُ أنَّه قال: \"حُرِّمَتِ النَّارُ على عَينٍ غُضَّت عن مَحارِمِ اللَّهِ. أو: عَينٍ فُقِئَت في سَبيلِ اللهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٨١.\n(^٢) قال في حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية في ص: قال ابن وهب: بالسين وقال غيره: بالشين، قال البخاري: وهو أصح. ينظر التاريخ الكبير (١/ ١١٣).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وعنده: محمد بن شمير. وأخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٤٤٥) من طريق محمد بن سمير به.","vol":"18","page":490},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بن حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن حَمَّادٍ الآمُلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جَميلٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بن محمدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيز، عن قَيسِ بنِ الحارِثِ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"رَحِمَ اللهُ حارِسَ الحَرَسِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٤٩١ - ورُوِيَ عن الدَّراوَردِيِّ عن صالِحٍ، عن عُمَرَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. أخبرَناه عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عثمانَ الأهوازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن بَحرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الدَّراوَردِيُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3877>بابُ صَلاةِ الحَرَسِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَةُ بن يَسارٍ، عن ابنِ جابِرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ ذاتِ الرِّقاعِ مِن نَخْلٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَنزِلًا فقالَ: \"مَن رَجُلٌ يَكلَؤُنا لَيلَتنَا هذه؟ \". فَانتَدَبَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ ورَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالا: نَحنُ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٩/ ٣٧١ من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٤٤٥ - م)، وابن ماجة (٢٧٦٩) - وفي الزوائد: إسناده ضعيف، فيه صالح بن محمد بن زائدة أبو واقد الليثي ضعيف - وأبو يعلى في مسنده (١٧٥٠) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد الدراوردى به.","vol":"18","page":491},{"text":"\"فكُونا بفَمِ الشِّعبِ\". فلَمَّا أن خَرَجَا إلَى فمِ الشِّعبِ قال الأنصارِيُّ للمُهَاجِرِيِّ: أيُّ اللَّيلِ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ أن أكفيَكَه؟ أوَّلَه أو آخِرَه؟ قالَ: بَلِ اكفِنِي أوَّلَه. فاضطَجَعَ المُهاجِرِيُّ فنامَ، وقامَ الأنصارِيُّ يُصَلِّي. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3878>بابُ مَن أرادَ غَزوَةً فوَرَّى بغَيِرها</span>\n\n١٨٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ كَعبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: ولَم يَكُن رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُريدُ غَزوَةً يَغزوها إلَّا ورَّى بغَيرِها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ السَّيّارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - قَلَّ ما يُريدُ غَزوَةً يَغزوها إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٦٧١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٤٠٧، ١٧٩٢٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٤٧، ٤٤١٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩) عقب (٥٣).","vol":"18","page":492},{"text":"ورَّى بغَيرِها، حَتَّى كانَت غَزوَةُ تَبوكَ فغَزاها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في حَرٍّ شَديدٍ، واستَقبَلَ سَفَرًا بَعيدًا ومَفازًا، واستَقبَلَ عَدوًّا كَثيرًا، فجَلَّى لِلمُسلِمينَ أمرَهُم ليَتأهَّبوا أُهبَةَ عَدوِّهِم، وأَخبَرَهُم بوَجهِه الَّذِي يُريدُ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَك، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ نَحوَ إسنادِ عُقَيلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا أرادَ غَزوَةً ورَّى بغَيرِها، وكانَ يقولُ: \"الحَربُ خَدْعَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن بشرٍ ويَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الحَربُ خَدْعَةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وزُهَيرٍ، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٨٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٤٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به دون موضع الشاهد.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤٨)، ومسلم (٢٧٦٩/ ٥٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦٣٧). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٣٧٠) من طريق معمر به مطولًا.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٤٠٦).\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٠٣٠)، ومسلم (١٧٣٩/ ١٧).","vol":"18","page":493},{"text":"ابنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنَا أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه سَمَّى الحَربَ خَدْعَةً (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبد الرَّزَّاقِ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ المُبَارَكِ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَحمودُ بن غَيلانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، قال: سَمِعتُ ثابِتًا البُنانِيُّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمَّا افتَتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ قال الحَجَّاجُ بن عِلاطٍ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ لِي بمَكَّةَ مالًا وإِنَّ لِي بها أهلًا، وإِنِّي أُريدُ أن آتيَهُم، فأَنا في حِلٍّ إنْ أنا نِلتُ مِنكَ شَيئًا؟ فأَذِنَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَقولَ ما شاءَ قال: فأَتَى امرأتَه حينَ قَدِمَ، فقالَ: اجمَعِي لِي ما كان عِندَكِ؟ فإِنِّي أُريدُ أن أشتَرِيَ مِن غَنائمِ محمدٍ وأَصحابِه؛ فإِنَّهُم قَدِ استُبيحوا وأُصيبَت أموالُهُم. قال: وفَشا ذَلِكَ بمَكَّةَ، فانقَمَعَ المُسلِمونَ، وأَظهَرَ المُشرِكونَ فرَحًا وسُرورًا، وبَلَغَ الخَبَرُ العباسَ بنَ عبد المُطَّلِبِ فعَقِرَ (^٤)، وجَعَلَ لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَقومَ. قال مَعمَرٌ: فأَخبَرَنِي عثمانُ الجَزَرِيُّ عن مِقسَمٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨١١٥)، وأبو عوانة (٦٥٣٢) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٢٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٠٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٤٠/ ١٨).\n(^٤) عَقِر: فجأه الرَّوع فدهش ولم يستطع أن يتقدم أو يتأخر. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"18","page":494},{"text":"قال: فأَخَذَ العباسُ ابنًا له يُقالَ له قُثَمُ، واستَلقَى فوَضعَه على صَدرِه وهو يَقولُ: حِبِّي قُثَمُ شَبيهُ ذِي الأنفِ الأشَمْ ... نَبِيِّ ذِي النِّعَمْ [برَغمِ مَن رَغَمِ] (^١) قال مَعمَرٌ: قال ثابِتٌ: قال أنَسٌ في حَديثِه: ثُمَّ أرسَلَ العباسُ بن عبد المُطَّلِبِ غُلامًا له إلَى الحَجّاجِ بنِ عِلاطٍ: ويلَكَ، ماذا جِئتَ به، وماذا تَقولُ؟! فما وعَدَ اللَّهُ خَيرٌ مِما جِئتَ به. قال: فقالَ الحَجّاجُ بن عِلاطٍ لِغُلامِه: اقرأْ على أبي الفَضلِ السَّلامَ، وقُلْ له فليَخلُ لِي في بَعضِ بُيوتِه لآتيَه، فإِنَّ الخَبَرَ على ما يَسُرُّه. فجاءَ غُلامُه، فلَقا بَلَغَ بابَ الدّارِ قال: أبشِرْ يا أبا الفَضلِ. قال: فوَثَبَ العباسُ فرِحًا حَتَّى قبَّلَ بَينَ عَينَيه، وأَخبَرَه بما قال الحَجّاجُ فأَعتَقَه، ثُمَّ جاءَه الحَجّاجُ فأَخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَدِ افتَتَحَ خَيبَرَ وغَنِمَ أموالَهُم، وجَرَت سِهامُ اللَّهِ في أموالِهِم، واصطَفَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفيَّةَ بنتَ حُيَيٍّ واتَّخَذَها لِنَفسِه، وخَيَّرَها أن يُعتِقَها وتكونَ زَوجَتَه أو تَلحَقَ بأَهلِها، فاختارَت أنْ يُعتِقَها وتَكونَ زَوجَتَه، ولَكِنِّي جِئتُ لِمالٍ كان لِي ههُنا أرَدتُ أن أجمَعَه فأَذهَبَ به، فاستأذَنتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَذِنَ لِي أن أقولَ ما شِئتُ، فأخْفِ عَنِّي ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ اذكُرْ ما بَدا لَكَ. قال: فجَمَعَتِ امرأتُه ما كان عِندَها مِن حُلِيٍّ أو مَتاعٍ فدَفَعَته إلَيه، ثُمَّ انشَمَرَ (^٢) به، فلَمَّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ بثَلاثٍ أتَى العباسُ امرأةَ الحَجَّاجِ فقالَ: ما فعَلَ زَوجُكِ؟ فأَخبَرَته أنَّه قَد\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يزعم من زعم\"، وفي ص ٨: \"برغم أنف من رغم\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"استمر\".","vol":"18","page":495},{"text":"ذَهَبَ يَومَ كَذا وكَذا، وقالَت: لا يَحزُنُكَ (^١) اللهُ يا أبا الفَضل، لَقَد شَقَّ عَلَينا الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ. قال: أجَل، فلا يَحزُنُنِي اللهُ، لَم يَكُن بحَمدِ اللَّهِ إلَّا ما أحبَبنا، فتَحَ اللهُ خَيبَرَ على رسولِه - ﷺ -، وجَرَت فيها سِهامُ الله، واصطَفَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - صَفيَّةَ لِنَفسِه، فإِن كان لَكِ في زَوجِكِ حاجَةٌ فالحَقِي به. قالَت: أظُنُّكَ واللهِ صادِقًا. قال: فإِنِّي صادِقٌ، والأمرُ على ما أُخبِرُكِ. قال: ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ حَتَّى أتَى مَجلِسَ قُرَيشٍ وهُم يَقولونَ إذا مَرَّ بهِم: لا يُصيبُكَ إلَّا خَيرٌ يا أبا الفَضلِ. قال: لَم يُصِبْني إلَّا خَيرٌ بحَمدِ الله، قَد أخبرَنِي الحَجَّاجُ بن عِلاطٍ أنَّ خَيبَرَ فتَحَها اللهُ على رسولِه - ﷺ -، وجَرَت فيها سِهامُ الله، واصطَفَى صَفيَّةَ لِنَفسِه، وقَد سألَنِي أن أُخفِيَ عَلَيه ثَلاثًا، وإِنَّما جاءَ ليأخُذَ مالَه وما كان له مِن شَئٍ ههُنا، ثُمَّ يَذهَبَ. قال: فرَدَّ اللهُ الكآبَةَ التي كانَت في المُسلِمينَ على المُشرِكينَ. قال: وخَرَجَ المُسلِمونَ مَنْ كان دَخَلَ بَيتَه مُكتَئبًا حَتَّى أتَوُا العباسَ فأَخبَرَهُم، وسُرَّ المُسلِمونَ، ورَدَّ اللهُ ما كان فيهِم مِن غَيظٍ وحُزنٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3879>بابُ الخُروجِ يَومَ الخَميسِ</span>\n\n١٨٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"في حاشية ص: يخزيك\".\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٩٧٧١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٤٠٩)، والبزار (٦٩١٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٤٦) مختصرًا، وأبو يعلى (٣٤٧٩)، والطبراني (٣١٩٦). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٥٥: رواه أحمد وأبو يعلى والبزار والطبراني، ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"18","page":496},{"text":"المُبارَك، أخبرَنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ - أن كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يقولُ: قَلَّما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَخرُجُ في سَفَرٍ إذا خَرَجَ إلَّا يَومَ الخَميسِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3880>بابُ الابتِكارِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٠٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِث، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي يَعلَى بن عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمارَةَ بنَ حَدِيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن صَخرٍ الغامِدِيِّ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"اللهُمَّ بَارِكْ لأُمَّتِي في بُكورِها\". قال: وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ سَريَّةً بَعَثَها مِن أوَّلِ النَّهار، وكانَ صَخرٌ رَجُلًا تاجِرًا، وكانَ يُرسِلُ غِلمانَه مِن أوَّلِ النَّهار، فكَثُرَ مالُه حَتَّى كان لا يَدرِي أينَ يَضَعُه (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي داودَ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٤٠٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤٩).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الدلائل ٦/ ٢٢٢، والطيالسى (١٣٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٣٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٣٣)، وابن حبان (٤٧٥٥) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٦٠٦)، والترمذي (١٢١٢)، وابن ماجة (٢٢٣٦) من طريق يعلى بن عطاء به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.","vol":"18","page":497},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3881>بابُ ما يُؤمَرُ به مِن انضِمامِ العَسكَرِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ بنِ مِهرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عثمانَ الحِمصِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ العَلاءِ بنِ زَبْرٍ، الله سَمِعَ مُسلِمَ بنَ مِشكَمٍ أبا عُبَيدِ اللهِ - أو قال: أبا عبد اللهِ - يقولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أبو ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنيُّ قال: كان النّاسُ إذا نَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَنزِلَا تَفَرَّقوا في الشِّعابِ والأوديَة، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ تَفَرُّقَكُم في هذه الشِّعابِ والأوديَةِ إنَّما ذَلِكُم مِنَ الشَّيطانِ\". فلَم يَنزِلوا بَعدَ ذَلِكَ مَنزِلًا إلَّا انضَمَّ بَعضُهُم إلَى بَعضٍ حَتَّى يُقالَ: لَو بُسِطَ عَلَيهِم ثَوبٌ لَعَمَّهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن أَسِيدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ الخَثعَمِي، عن فروَةَ بنِ مُجاهِدٍ اللَّخمِي، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذٍ الجُهَنيِّ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَوتُ مَعَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ كَذا وكَذا، فضَيَّقَ النّاسُ المَنازِلَ، وقَطَعوا الطَّريقَ، فبَعَثَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ - ﷺ - مُناديًّا يُنادِي في النّاس، أنَّ مَن ضَيَّقَ مَنزِلًا أو قَطَعَ طَريقًا فلا جِهادَ لَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٥، وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٢٨)، والنسانى في الكبرى (٨٨٥٦) عن عمرو بن عثمان به. وأحمد (١٧٧٣٦)، وابن حبان (٢٦٩٠) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٢٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٤٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٤٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٨٩).","vol":"18","page":498},{"text":"١٨٥٠٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو المُغيرَة، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَسِيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن رَجُلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بنَحوِهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٥٠٤ - ورَواه بَقيَّةُ عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن أَسِيدٍ، عن ابنِ مُجاهِدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَونا مَعَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ - ﷺ -. بمَعناه، أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عثمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَقيَّةُ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3882>بابُ كَراهيَةِ تَمَنِّي لِقاءِ العَدوِّ، وما يَفعَلُ ويَقولُ عِندَ اللِّقاءِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن جَبَلَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ الحُلوانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا المُغيرَةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هُريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَمَنَّوا لِقاءَ العَدوِّ، وإِذا لَقِيتُموهُم فاصبِروا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ أبو عامِرٍ. ورَواه مسلمٌ عن الحُلوانِيُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٢٠٠) من طريق أبي المغيرة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٣٠). وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ١٩٤ (٤٣٥) من طريق عمرو بن عثمان، وفيه: قرة. بدلًا من: فروة.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٧٤)، والنسائي (٨٦٣٤) من طريق أبي عامر (عبد الملك بن عمرو) به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٢٦)، ومسلم (١٧٤١/ ١٩).","vol":"18","page":499},{"text":"١٨٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَن القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمٍ أبي النَّضرِ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ - وكانَ كاتِبًا له - قال: كَتَبَ إلَيه عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي أوفَى حينَ خَرَجَ إلَى الحَروريَّة، فقَرأتُه فإِذا فيه: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في بَعضِ أيَّامِه التي لَقِيَ فيها العَدوَّ انتَظَرَ حَتَّى مالَتِ الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ قامَ في النّاسِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النَّاسُ، لا تَتَمَنَّوا لِقاءَ العَدوِّ، وسَلُوا (^١) اللَّهَ العافيَةَ، فإِذا لَقِيتُموهُم فاصبِروا، واعلَموا أنَّ الجَنَّةَ تَحتَ ظِلالِ السُّيوفِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ مُنزِلَ الكِتاب، ومُجرِيَ السَّحاب، وهازِمَ الأحزاب، اهزِمْهُم وانصُرْنا عَلَيهِم\". قال: وقالَ أبو النَّضرِ: وبَلَغَنا أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - دَعا في مِثلِ ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"أنتَ رَبُّنَا ورَبُّهُم، ونَحنُ عَبيدُكَ وهُم عَبيدُكَ، ونَواصينا ونَواصيهِم بيَدِكَ، فاهزِمْهُم وانصُرْنا عَلَيهِم\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجِ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ دونَ بَلاغِ أبي النَّضرِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الحُسَينُ بن عليِّ بنِ سلَمةَ الهَمَذانِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ ماسِي المَتُّوثِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"واسألوا\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٦٧٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٣١) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٦٥، ٢٩٦٦)، ومسلم (١٧٤٢/ ٢٠).","vol":"18","page":500},{"text":"عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان إِذا خافَ قَومًا قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أجعَلُكَ في نُحورِهِم، وأَعوذُ بِكَ مِن شُرورِهِم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ يَعنِي محمدَ بنَ عيسَى، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ وابنُ عائشةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، كِلاهُما عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِيّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن صُهَيبِ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيه بشَئٍ لا نَفهَمُه (^٢)، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّكَ تُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيكَ بشَئٍ لا نَفهمُه. فقالَ: \"إنَّ نَبيًّا مِنَ الأنبياءِ أعجَبَه كَثْرَةُ قَومِه فقالَ: مَن يَفِي لِهَؤُلاءِ؟ أو: مَن يَقومُ لِهَؤُلاءِ؟ \". قال: \"فقيلَ له: خَيِّرْ أصحابَكَ بَينَ أن نُسَلِّطَ عَلَيهِم عَدوًّا فيَستَبيحَ بَيضَتَهُم، أوِ الجوع، أوِ المَوتِ. فخَيِّرَهُم، فاختاروا المَوتَ\". قال: \"فماتَ مِنهُم في ثَلَاثةِ أيَّامٍ سَبعونَ ألفًا\". قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأَنا أقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ بكَ أُقاتِلُ، وبِكَ أُحاوِلُ، وبِكَ أُصاوِلُ، ولا حَولَ ولا قُوَّةَ إلَّا بكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٤١٩).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يفهم\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في القضاء والقدر (١٤٢) مقتصرًا على الدعاء. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٣٧، ٢٣٩٢٧) من طريق سليمان بن المغيرة به بنحوه. وابن حبان (٤٧٥٨) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به مختصرًا. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٣٣) من طريق حماد به. والترمذي (٣٣٣٠) مطولًا دون ذكر الدعاء من طريق ثابت به بنحوه. وقال: حديث حسن غريب. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٠٠: إسناده جيد.","vol":"18","page":501},{"text":"وسائرُ ما ورَدَ مِنَ الدُّعاءِ في هذا قَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ وفِي كِتابِ الدعواتِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3883>بابُ أيِّ وقتٍ يُستَحَبُّ اللِّقاءُ</span>\n\n١٨٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّاد، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عِمرانَ الجَونِيُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ المُزَنِيِّ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن النُّعمانَ يَعنِي ابنَ مُقَرِّنٍ قال: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا لَم يُقاتِلْ مِن أوَّلِ النَّهارِ أخَّرَ القِتالَ حَتَّى تَزولَ الشَّمسُ وتَهُبَّ الرِّياحُ ويَنزِلَ النَّصرُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3884>بابُ الصَّمتِ عِندَ اللِّقاءِ</span>\n\n١٨٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ أبي عبد اللهِ الدَّستُوائيِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَن، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهونَ رَفعَ الصَّوتِ عِندَ ثَلاثٍ؛ عِندَ القِتال، وفِي الجَنائز، وفي الذِّكرِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٥٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٤٤)، والترمذي (١٦١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٤٧٥٧) من طريق حماد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٢٦٢).","vol":"18","page":502},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ عُبَادٍ قال: كان أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يَكرَهونَ الصَّوتَ عِندَ القِتالِ (^١).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَن، عن هَمّامٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي مَطَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِيّ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَمَنَّوا لِقاءَ العَدوِّ، وسَلُوا العافيَةَ، فإِن لَقِيتُموهُم فاثبُوا، وأَكثِروا ذِكْرَ الله، فإِن أجلَبوا وصَيَّحوا فعَلَيكُم بالصَّمتِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3885>بابُ التَّكبيِر عِندَ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ الفَقيهُ ببُخارَى، أخبرَنا صالِحُ بن محمدٍ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ أبو مَعمَرٍ الهُذَلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٥٦). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١١٦ من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به وصححه.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٥٦). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣١٤): صحيح موقوف.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٣٣٠)، والدارمي (٢٤٨٤) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن زياد به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٠٠: عبد الرَّحمن ضعيف.","vol":"18","page":503},{"text":"عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: صَبَّحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ بُكرَةً وقَد خَرَجوا بالمَساحِي، فلَمَّا نَظَروا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - جاءوا يَسعَونَ إلَى الحِصنِ، وقالوا: محمدٌ والخَميسُ. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللهُ أكبَرُ\" (^١). ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ: \"خَرِبَت خَيبَرُ، إنَّا إذا نَزَلنا بساحَةِ قَومٍ فساءَ صباحُ المُنذَرينَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3886>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الرَّجَزِ عِندَ الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمَّارٍ اليَمامِيُّ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه، وفيه: حينَ أغاروا على سَرحِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: ثُمَّ قُمتُ على ثَنيَّةٍ فاستَقبَلتُ المَدينَةَ فنادَيتُ ثَلاثَةَ أصواتٍ: يا صَباحاه. ثُمَّ خَرَجتُ في آثارِ القَومِ أرميهِم بالنَّبلِ وأَرتَجِزُ:\nأنا ابنُ الأكوَع ... واليَومُ يَومُ الرُّضَّع\nوفيه قال: خَرَجنا إلَى خَيبَرَ، فجَعَلَ عَمِّي عامِرٌ يقولُ:\nتاللَّهِ (^٤) لَولا اللَّهُ ما اهتَدَينا ... وما تَصَدَّقنا وما صَلَّينا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"الله أكبر\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨٦)، والنسائي (٤٣٥١) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٩١، ٣٦٤٧، ٤١٩٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"يالله\".","vol":"18","page":504},{"text":"ونَحنُ عن فضلِكَ ما استَغنَينا ... فثَبِّتِ الأقدامَ إن لاقَينا\nوأَنزِلَنْ سَكينَةً عَلَينا\nفقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن هَذا؟ \". قَالُوا: عامِر. قال: \"غَفَرَ لَكَ رَبُّكَ\". وفيه: فلَمَّا قَدِمنا خَيبَرَ خَرَجَ مَرحَبٌ يَخطِرُ (^١) بسَيفِه وهو يقولُ:\nقَد عَلِمَت خَيبَرُ أنِّي مَرحَبُ ... شاكِ السِّلاحِ (^٢) بَطَلٌ مُجَرِّبُ\nإذا الحُروبُ أقبَلَت تَلَهَّبُ\nفبَرَزَ له عَمِّي فقالَ:\nقَد عَلِمَت خَيبَرُ أنِّي عامِرُ ... شاكِ السّلاحِ بَطَلٌ مُغامِرُ\nثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ في رُجوعِ سَيفِ عامِرٍ على نَفسِه، وخُروجِ عليٍّ ورَجَزِه وقَتلِه إيَّاه، وقَد مَضى (^٣).\n\n١٨٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَى، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ وأبو حُذَيفَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ يقولُ وجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا أبا عُمارَةَ أوَلَّيتُم يَومَ حُنَينٍ؟ قال: أمّا أنا فأَشهَدُ\n_________\n(^١) يخطر بسيفه: يهزه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٢) شاك السلاح: جامع للسلاح، والشكة بكسر الشين: السلاح التام. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٢.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨١٩٣) دون ذكر قصة خيبر. وتقدمت قصة عامر ومرحب وقتل عليّ إياه في (١٨٣٩٠). وسيأتي في (١٩٧٨٧) بذكر قصة أخرى.","vol":"18","page":505},{"text":"على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه لَم يوَلِّ، ولَكِنْ عَجِلَ سَرَعانُ القَومِ فرَشَقَتهُم هَوازِنُ، وأبو سُفيانَ بنُ الحارِثِ آخِذٌ برأسِ بَغلَتِه البَيضاءِ وهو يقولُ: \"أنَا النَّبِيُّ لا كَذِبْ، أنا ابنُ عبد المُطَّلِبْ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن (^٢) محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٣). وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطَّانِ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وقِتالِه في غَزوَةِ مُؤتَةَ قال: وهو يقولُ:\nيا حَبَّذا الجَنَّةُ واقتِرابُها ... طَيِّبَةٌ بارِدَةٌ شَرابُها\nوالرُّومُ رومٌ قَد دَنا عَذابُها ... عليَّ إنْ لاقَيتُها ضِرابُها (^٥)\nوعن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ قال حينَ أخَذَ الرَّايَةَ يَومَئذٍ:\nأقسَمتُ يا نَفسِ لَتَنزِلِنَّه ... طائعَة أو لَتُكرَهِنَّه\nإن أجلَبَ النّاسُ وشَدُّوا الرَّنَّه (^٦) ... ما لِي أراكِ تَكرَهينَ الجَنَّه\nقَد طالَ ما قَد كُنتِ مُطمَئنَّه ... هَل أنتِ إلَّا نُطفَةٌ في شَنَّه (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات (١/ ٢٤) عن عبيد الله بن موسى به. وتقدم في (١٣٤٢٣).\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"من حديث\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٣١٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٧٤)، ومسلم (١٧٧٦) عقب (٨٠).\n(^٥) المصف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٦٣ موصولًا.\n(^٦) الرنة: هي الصوت عند البكاء، ويشبه أنه الذي فيه ترجيع. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٧) الشنة: القربة البالية. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٤.","vol":"18","page":506},{"text":"قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: وقالَ أيضًا:\nيا نَفسُ إلَّا تُقتَلِي تَموتِي ... هذا حِمامُ المَوتِ قَد صَلِيتِ\nوما تَمَنَّيتِ فقَد أُعطيتِ ... إن تَفعَلِي فِعلَهُما فديتِ\nوإِن تأخَّرتِ فقَد شَقِيتِ\nيُريدُ جَعفَرًا وزَيدًا - ﵄ -، قال: ثُمَّ أخَذَ سَيفَه فتَقَدَّمَ، فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^١).\n\n١٨٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ هُنَيدَةَ - رَجُلًا مِن خُزاعَةَ - قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن يأخذُ هذا السَّيفَ بحَقِّه؟ \". قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا. قال: فأَخَذَه، فلَمّا لَقِيَ العَدوَّ جَعَلَ يقولُ:\nإنِّي امرُؤٌ بايَعَنِي خَليلِي ... ونَحن عِندَ أسفَلِ النَّخيلِ\nألَّا أقومَ الدَّهرَ في الكَيُّولِ (^٢) ... أضرِبْ بسَيفِ اللَّهِ والرَّسولِ\nزادَ غَيرُه فيه: فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3887>بابُ الصَّفِّ عِندَ القِتَالِ</span>\n\n١٨٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ عبد الرَّحيم،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الدلائل ٤/ ٣٦٣، ٣٦٤.\n(^٢) الكيول: مؤخر الصفوف. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢١٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٦١٢) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"18","page":507},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الغَسيلِ، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ أبي أُسَيدٍ والمُنذِرِ بنِ أبي أُسَيدٍ (ح) قال إبراهيمُ: وحَدَّثَنا هارونُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ الغَسيل، عن حَمزَةَ بنِ أبي أُسَيدٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ بَدرٍ حينَ صَفَّنا لِقُرَيشٍ وصفُّوا لَنا: \"إذا أكثَبُوكُم (^١) فارموهُم بالنَّبلِ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ الفَضل، وقالَ أبو أحمدَ في حَديثِه: \"إذا كَثَبوكُم (^٢) - يَعنِي أكثَروكُم - فارموهُم بالنَّبل، واستَبْقُوا نَبلَكُم\". قال أبو بكرٍ: الصَّحيحُ: \"إذا أكثَبُوكُم\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ الفَضلِ بنِ دُكَينٍ وعن أبي يَحيَى محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحيمِ عن أبي أحمدَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3888>بابُ سَلِّ السُّيوفِ عِندَ اللِّقاءِ</span>\n\n١٨٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن نَجيحٍ ولَيسَ بالمَلَطِيِّ، عن مالكِ بنِ حَمزَةَ بنِ أبي أُسَيدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ بَدرٍ: \"إذا أكثَبوكُم فارموهُم بالنَّبل، ولا تَسُلُّوا السُّيوفَ حَتَّى يَغشَوكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أكثبوكم: أي أمكنوكم وقربوا منكم، والكثب القرب. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٣٦.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أكتبوكم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٦٠٦٣) من طريق أبي أحمد الزبيري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٠٠، ٣٩٨٥).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٦٦٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٦٩).","vol":"18","page":508},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3889>بابُ التَّرَجُّلِ عِندَ شِدَّةِ البأسِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِلبَراءِ: يا أبا عُمارَةَ، أكُنتُم فرَرتُم يَومَ حُنَينٍ؟ فقالَ: لا واللهِ ما ولَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ولَكِنَّه خَرَجَ شُبَّانُ أصحابِه وأَخِفَّاؤُهُم حُسَّرًا، لَيسَ عَلَيهِم سِلاحٌ - أو: كَثيرُ سِلاحٍ - فلَقُوا قَومًا رُماةً لا يَكادُ يَسقُطُ لَهُم سَهمٌ - جَمعَ هَوازِنَ وبَنِي نَصرٍ - فرَشَقوهُم رَشقًا لا يَكادونَ يُخطِئونَ، فأَقبَلوا هُناكَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، ورسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على بَغلَتِه البَيضاء، وأبو سُفيانَ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبد المُطَّلِبِ يَقودُ به، فنَزَلَ واستَنصرَ، وقالَ: \"أنا النَّبِيُّ لا كَذِبْ، أنا ابنُ عبد المُطَّلِبْ\". ثُمَّ صَفَّهُم (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ عن زُهَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3890>بابُ الخُيَلاءِ في الحَربِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٢١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ (^٣)، حَدَّثَنَا أبان، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٨٣٩)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٧٦٤) من طريق أبي خيثمة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٣٠)، ومسلم (١٧٧٦/ ٧٨).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"وفي حاشية ص: سقط رجل. وهو كما قال\".","vol":"18","page":509},{"text":"قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ مِنَ الغَيرَةِ ما يُحِبُّها اللَّهُ، ومِنها ما يُبْغِضُ اللَّهُ، فأَمّا الغَيرَةُ التي يُحِبُّ اللهُ فالغَيرَةُ في الرِّيبَة، وأَمَّا الغَيرَةُ التي يُبْغِضُ فالغَيرَةُ في غَيرِ ريبَةٍ، وأَمّا الخُيَلاءُ التي يُحِبُّها اللَّهُ فاختيالُ الرَّجُلِ بنَفسِه عِندَ القِتال، واختيالُه عِندَ الصَّدَقَة، والخُيَلاءُ التي يُبغِضُ اللَّهُ فاختيالُ الرَّجُلِ بنَفسِه في الفَخرِ والخُيَلاءِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3891>بابُ الغَزوِ مَعَ أئمَّةِ الجَورِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَريّا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بن تَميمِ بنِ سَيَّارٍ الطبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بن أبي زائدَةَ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عُروةَ البارِقِيِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الخَيلُ مَعقودٌ في نَواصيها الخَيرُ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ؛ الأجرُ والغَنيمَةُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي نُعَيمٍ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ الأزرَقِ: \"الأجرُ والغَنيمَةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البُخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَكَريّا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (١٠٨٠٣)، والأسماء والصفات (١٠٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٥٢) من طريق عفان عن أبان به. وأبو داود (٢٦٥٩) من طريق أبان به. وتقدم في (١٤٩١٧). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣١٦).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣٠١٧، ١٣٠١٨، ١٨٠٢٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٥٢)، ومسلم (١٨٧٣/ ٩٨).","vol":"18","page":510},{"text":"١٨٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بن موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن بُرقانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي نُشبَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ثَلاثٌ مِن أصلِ الإيمانِ؛ الكَفُّ عمَّن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. لا يُكَفِّره بذَنبِ ولا يخرِجه مِنَ الإسلامِ بعَمَلٍ، والجِهادُ ماضٍ مُنذ بَعَثَنِي الله ﷿ إلَى أن يُقاتِلَ آخِرُ أمَّتِي الدَّجَّالَ، لا يُبطِلُه جَورُ جائرٍ ولا عَدل عادِلٍ، والإيمان بالأقدارِ\" (^١).\nوحَديثُ مَكحولٍ صن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"الجِهادُ واجِبٌ عَلَيكم مَعَ كلِّ أميرِ بَرًّا كان أو فاجِرًا\". قَد مَضى في بابِ الإِمامَةِ وكِتابِ الجَنائزِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3892>بابُ ما يستَحَبُّ مِنَ الجُيوشِ والسَّرايا</span>\n\n١٨٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ (^٣) بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٤٣، ٢٤٤، والقضاء والقدر (١٩٦)، وأبو داود (٢٥٣٢)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٣٦٧). قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٠٤: يزيد لَمْ يتكلم فيه. والحديث ضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٤٤).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٣٦٥) في باب من أبواب الإمامة، وفي (٦٩١٣) في كتاب الجنائز، وفي (١٦٨٥٠) في كتاب قتال أهل البغي.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"الرحيم\".","vol":"18","page":511},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَرِ [أحمدُ بن الأزهَرِ] (^١)، حَدَّثَنَا وهبُ بن جَريرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ الأصحابِ أربَعَةٌ، وخَيرُ السَّرايا أربَعُمِائَةٍ، وخَيرُ الجُيوشِ أربَعَةُ آلافٍ، ولَن يُغلَبَ اثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا مِن قِلَّةٍ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ مَوصولًا.\nورَواه عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ عن يونُسَ عن عُقَيلٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعًا (^٣).\nقال أبو داودَ: أسنَدَه جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، وهو خَطأٌ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الشَّام، عن حُيَيِّ بنِ مِخْمَرٍ الوَصَّابِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبد اللَّهِ مِن أهلِ دِمَشقَ عن أكثَمَ بنِ الجَونِ الخُزاعِيِّ ثُمَّ الكَعبِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يا أكثَمَ بنَ الجَون، اغزُ مَعَ غَيرِ قَومِكَ يَحسُنْ خُلُقُكَ، وتَكرُمْ على رُفَقائكَ، يا أكثَمَ بنَ الجَونِ، خَيرُ الرُّفَقاءِ أربَعَةٌ، وخَيرُ الطَّلائعِ أربَعونَ، وخَيرُ السَّرايا أربَعُمِائَة، وخَيرُ الجُيوشِ أربَعَةُ آلافٍ، ولَن يُؤتَى اثنا\n_________\n(^١) ليس في. م.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٨٢)، وأبو داود (٢٦١١)، والترمذي (١٥٥٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٥٣٨) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣١٤) من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٤) المراسيل عقب (٣١٤).","vol":"18","page":512},{"text":"عَشَرَ ألفًا مِن قِلّةٍ، يا أكثَمَ بنَ الجَونِ لا تُرافِقِ المِائَتَينِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3893>بابٌ: في فضلِ الجِهادِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: أيُّ الأعمالِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ باللَّهِ ورسولِه\". قيلَ: ثُم ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\". قيلَ: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ حَجٌّ مَبرورٌ\" (^٢) رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن احمدَ بنِ يونُسَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبي مُزاحِمٍ عن إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمارَةُ بن القَعقاع، عن أبي زُرعَةَ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"انتَدَبَ اللَّهُ لِمَن خَرَجَ مُجاهِدًا في سَبيلِه، لا يُخرِجُه إلَّا [إيمانٌ بي وتَصديقٌ] (^٤) برسولِي، فهو عليّ ضامِنٌ (^٥) أن أُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (١٠٥٩)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٦٧/ ٣٧ من طريق حيي بن مخمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٥٩٠)، والنسائي (٥٠٠٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦، ١٥١٩)، ومسلم (٨٣/ ١٣٥).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"إيمانًا بي وتصديقًا\".\n(^٥) ضامن: أي مضمون، أو ذو ضمان. ينظر فيض القدير ٣/ ٤٢١.","vol":"18","page":513},{"text":"أو أَرْجِعَه إلَى بَيتِه الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنه نائلًا ما نالَ مِن أجرٍ وغَنيمَة\". وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - \"ما مِن مَكلومٍ يُكلَمُ في اللهِ إلَّا جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وكلْمُه يَدمَى؛ اللَّونُ لَونُ دَمٍ، والرِّيحُ ريحُ مِسكٍ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَولا أن أشُقَّ على أُمَّتِي ما تَخَلَّفتُ خَلفَ سَريَّةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ الله، ولَكِن لا أجِدُ ما أحمِلُهُم، ولا يَجِدونَ سَعَةً فيَتَّبِعونِي، ولا تَطيبُ أنفُسُهُم أن يَتَخَلَّفوا بَعدِي\". وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَوَدِدتُ أنِّي أغزو في سَبيلِ اللهِ فأُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ أَغزُو فأُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ أغزُو فأُقتَلُ\" (^١). حَديثُ الكَلْمِ رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢)، ورَوَى الباقِيَ عن حَرَمِيِّ بنِ حَفصٍ عن عبد الواحِد، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ جَريرِ بنِ عبد الحَميدِ عن عُمارَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزمِيُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضر، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا المُغيرَةُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي الزِّنادَ، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَكَفَّلَ اللهُ لِمَنْ جاهَدَ في سَبيلِه لا يُخرِجُه مِن بَيتِه إلَّا جِهادٌ في سَبيلِه، وتَصديقُ كَلِمَتِه بأَن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، أو يَرجِعَه إلَى مَسكَنِه الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنه مَعَ ما نالَ مِن أجرٍ أو غَنيمَةٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٧٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٨٠ - ٨٩٨٣) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به.\nوالنسائي (٥٠٤٥)، وابن ماجة (٢٧٥٣) بأوله فقط من طريق عمارة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٣٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٦)، ومسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩١٧٤)، والبخارى (٧٤٥٧، ٧٤٦٣)، والنسائي (٣١٢٢)، وابن حبان (٤٦١٠) =","vol":"18","page":514},{"text":"وعن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"والَّذِي نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه، لَولا أن أشُقَّ على المُؤمِنينَ إن قَعَدتُ خِلافَ سَريَّةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ الله، ولَكِن لا أجِدُ سَعَةً فأَحمِلَهُم، ولا يَجِدونَ سَعَةً فيَتَّبِعونِي، ولا تَطيبُ أنفُسُهُم أن يَقعُدوا بَعدِي\" (^١).\nوعن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"والَّذِي نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَوَدِدتُ أن أُقاتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فأُقتَلَ، ثُمَّ أُحيا فأُقتَلَ، ثُمَّ أُحيا فأُقتَلَ، ثُمَّ أُحيا فأُقتَلَ، ثُمَّ أُحيا\". كان أبو هريرةَ يقولُ ثَلاثًا: أُشهِدُ اللهَ (^٢). الحديثُ الأوَّلُ رَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣)، وقَد أخرَجا باقيَه مِن أوجُهٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن جُحادَةَ، أن أبا حَصينٍ حَدَّثَه أن ذَكوانَ حَدَّثَه أن أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قالَ: يا رسولَ الله، عَلَّمْنِي عَمَلًا يَعدِلُ الجِهادَ. قال: \"لا أجِدُه\". ثُمَّ قال: فقالَ: \"هَل تَستَطيعُ إذا خَرَجَ المُجاهِدُ أن تَدخُلَ المَسجِدَ فتَقومَ لا (^٥) تَفتُرُ،\n_________\n= من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٣٠٠)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٧٣٠٩)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٦٥٥) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه مالك (٢/ ٤٦٠)، والحميدي (١٠٤٠) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٢٢٧)، ومسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٥).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"ولا\".","vol":"18","page":515},{"text":"وتَصومَ لا تُفطِرُ؟ \". قال: لا أستَطيعُ ذَلِكَ. قال أبو هريرةَ: إنَّ فرَسَ المُجاهِدِ يَستَنُّ في طِوَلِه (^١) فيُكتَبُ له حَسَناتٍ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ جَعفَرٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن عَفَّانَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ (^٤) ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، أخبِرْنا ما يَعدِلُ الجِهادَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إنَّكم لا تَستَطيعونَ\". قُلنا: بَلَى. قال: \"إنَّكُم لا تَستَطيعونَه\". قال فلا أدرِي في الثَّالِثَةِ أم في الرَّابِعَةِ: \"مَثَلُ المُجاهِدِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ الصَّائمِ القائمِ القانِتِ بآياتِ الله، لا يَفتُرُ مِن صَلاة ولا صيامٍ، حَتَّى يَرجِعَ المُجاهِدُ إلَى أهلِه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الاستنان: أن يعدو الفرس شوطًا أو شوطين وليس عليه فارس، والطول: الحبل. والمراد مرح الفرس في حبله. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٢٩٢، والنهاية ٢/ ٤١٠.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٢، ٣٧٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٤٠)، والنسائي (٣١٢٨) من طريق عفان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٨٥).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"أحمد\".\n(^٥) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٢١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٤٨١)، والترمذي (١٦١٩) من طريق سهيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٦) مسلم (١٨٧٨) عقب (١١٠).","vol":"18","page":516},{"text":"١٨٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو تَوبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدٍ هو ابنُ سَلَّامٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي النُّعمانُ بن بَشيرٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ رَجُلٌ: لا أُبالِي ألَّا أعمَلَ عَمَلًا بَعدَ الإسلامِ إلَّا أن أعمُرَ المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ. وقالَ الآخَرُ: الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أفضَلُ مِمّا قُلتُم. فزَجَرَهُم عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ ثُمَّ قال: لا تَرفَعوا أصواتَكُم عِندَ مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - - وهو يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ - ولَكِنِّي إذا صلَّيتُ الجُمُعَةَ دَخَلتُ فاستَفتَيتُه فيما اختَلَفتُم فيه. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ﴾ الآيَة (^١) [التوبة: ١٩]. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ الحُلوانِيِّ عن أبي توبَة (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مَوضِعُ سَوطٍ في الجَنَّةِ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها، الغَدوَةُ يَغدُوها العَبدُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٦٧) عن أبي توبة به. وابن حبان (٤٥٩١) من طريق معاوية بن سلام به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٧٩/ ١١١).","vol":"18","page":517},{"text":"أو (^١) الرَّوحَةُ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن القَعنَبِيِّ عن عبد العَزيزِ (^٣).\nوفِي البابِ عن أبي أيُّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ وأَبِي هريرةَ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأُمَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن مالكٍ الشَّرعَبِيُّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سَلمانَ الأغَرِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بسَريَّةٍ تَخرُجُ، فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، أنَخرُجُ اللَّيلَةَ أم نَمكُثُ حَتَّى نُصبحَ؟ فقالَ: \"أوَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أن تَبِيتوا في [خِرافٍ مِن خِرافِ] (^٥) الجَنَّةِ؟! \". والخَريفُ الحَديقَةُ (^٦).\n\n١٨٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدشْا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد السند (١٥٥٦٧) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبي حازم به. وتقدم في (١٧٩٤٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٨١/ ١١٣)، والبخارى (٦٤١٥).\n(^٤) حديث أبي أيوب أخرجه مسلم (١٨٨٣/ ١١٥)، وحديث أبي هريرة أخرجه البخاري (٢٧٩٣، ١٨٨٢) عقب (١١٤)، وحديث أنس أخرجه البخاري (٢٧٩٢)، ومسلم (١٨٨٠/ ١١٢).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"في خريف من خرائف\".\n(^٦) الحاكم ٢/ ٧٤ وصححه. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٣٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٣١٦٠) من طريق عبيد الله بن أبي جعفر به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٠٧: إسناده صحيح.","vol":"18","page":518},{"text":"أخبرَنِي أبو هانِئٍ الخَولانِيُّ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُلِيِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يا أبا سعيدٍ مَن رَضىَ باللهِ رَبًّا وبِالإِسلامِ دينًا وبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبيًّا وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فعَجبَ لَها أبو سعيدٍ، فقالَ: أعِدْها عليّ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. ففَعَلَ ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"وأُخرَى يُرفَعُ بها العبدُ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ في الجَنَّة، ما بَينَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَينِ كما بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ\". قال: وما هِيَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ الله، الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ الله، الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلم في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزْهَر، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيحٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ - أوِ ابنِ أبي عَمْرَةَ - عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن آمَنَ باللَّهِ ورسولِه، وأَقامَ الصلاةَ وآتَى الزَّكاةَ، وصامَ رَمَضانَ كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أن يُدخِلَه - يَعنِي الجَنَّةَ - هاجَرَ في سَبيلِ الله، أو ماتَ في أرضِه التي وُلِدَ فيها\". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، أفَلا نُنبِئُ (^٣) النّاسَ بذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّ في الجَنَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ - ما بَينَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَينِ كما بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ - أعَدَّها اللَّهُ لِلمُجاهِدينَ في سَبيلِه، فإِذا سألتُمُ اللَّهَ فسَلُوه (^٤) الفِردَوسَ؛ فإِنَّه وسَطُ الجَنَّةِ وأَعلَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٣١٣١)، وابن حبان (٤٦١٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١١١٠٢) من طريق أبي عبد الرَّحمن الحبلي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٨٤/ ١١٦).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تبنئ\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"فاسألوه\".","vol":"18","page":519},{"text":"الجَنَّة، ومِنه تَفَجَّرُ أنهارُ الجَنَّة، وفَوقَه عَرشُ الرَّحمَنِ ﵎\". قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو الأزهَر، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ قال: فحَدَّثَنا بهَذا الحديثِ فُلَيحٌ الثَّانيَةَ، فذَكَرَه عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبي هريرةَ بنَحوِه، ولَم يَشُكَّ (^١).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ عن فُلَيحٍ ولَم يَشُكَّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بن يَزيدَ الله حَدَّثَه أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ الله قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، أيُّ النّاسِ أفضَلُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مُؤمِنٌ مُجاهِدٌ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ بنَفسِه ومالِه\". فقالَ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: \"مُؤمِنٌ في شِعب مِنَ الشِّعابِ يَتَّقِي اللهَ ﷿، ويَدَعُ النَّاسَ مِن شَرِّه\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٥).\n\n١٨٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَنَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ (^٦) محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ العَطَّارُ الحِيرِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٢٠) عن يونس به. وتقدم في (١٧٨٢٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٩٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٣٨) عن أبي اليمان به. وأبو داود (٢٤٨٥)، والترمذي (١٦٦٠)، والنسائي (٣١٠٥)، وابن ماجة (٣٩٨٧) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٨٦).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٤٩٤)، ومسلم (١٨٨٨).\n(^٦) بعده في م: \"بن\". وقد تقدم في (٨٣٥٠).","vol":"18","page":520},{"text":"محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن بَعجَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"مِن خَيرِ مَعاشِ النَّاسِ رَجُلٌ مُمسِكٌ بعِنانِ فرَسِه في سَبيلِ الله، يَطيرُ على مَتنِه، كُلَّما سَمِعَ هَيْعَةً (^١) أو فَزْعَةً (^٢) طارَ عَلَيه، يَبْتَغِي القَتلَ والمَوتَ مَظانَّه، أو رَجُلٌ في غُنَيمَةٍ في رأسِ شعَفِةٍ (^٣) مِن هذه الشَّعَف، أو بَطنِ وادٍ مِن هذه الأوديَة، يُقيمُ الصَّلاة ويُؤتِي الزَّكاة ويَعبُدُ رَبَّه حَتَّى يأتيَه اليَقينُ، لَيسَ مِنَ النّاسِ إلَّا في خَيرٍ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥)، ورَواه عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ أبي حازِمٍ ويَعقوبَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، كِلَيهِما عن أبي حازِمٍ بهَذا الإسنادِ مِثلَه، وقالَ: عن بَعجَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بَدرٍ. وقالَ: \"في شِعبَةٍ مِن هذه الشِّعابِ\" (^٦).\n\n١٨٥٣٨ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ حَمدانَ القَطيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ وهو أبو مسلمٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) الهيعة: الصوت الذي يفزع منه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٥٠٧.\n(^٢) أصل الفزع الخوف، ثم كنى به عن خروج النّاس بسرعة لدفع عدو ونحوه إذا جاء بغتة وصار حقيقة فيه. تاج العروس ٢١/ ٤٩٦ (ف ز ع).\n(^٣) الشعفة: أعلى الجبل. غريب الحديث لابن قيبة ١/ ٤٠٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٣٩٧٧) من طريق عبد العزيز بن أبي حازم به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٣٠) من طريق أبي حازم به. وأحمد (٩٧٢٣)، وابن حبان (٤٦٠٠) من طريق بعجة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٨٩/ ١٢٥).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٨٨٩/ ١٢٦).","vol":"18","page":521},{"text":"أبو مسلمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي صالِح، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"تَعِسَ عبدُ الدِّينارِ وعَبدُ الدِّرهَمِ وعَبدُ الخَميصَة، إن أُعطِيَ رَضِيَ وإِنَّ مُنِعَ سَخِطَ، تَعِسَ وانتَكَسَ، وإِذا شيكَ فلا انتَقَشَ (^١)، طوبَى لِعَبدٍ آخِدٍ بعِنانِ فرَسِه في سَبيلِ الله، أشعَثَ رأسُه مُغبَرَّةٍ قَدَماه، إن كان في السِّياقَةِ (^٢) كان في السِّياقَةِ (^٢)، وإِن كان في الحِراسَةِ كان في الحِراسَةِ، إنِ استأذَنَ لَم يُؤذَنْ له، وإِن شَفِعَ لَم يُشَفَّعْ، طوبَى له، ثُمَّ طوبَى لَهُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرِو بنِ مَرزوقٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ ابنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلَمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَلَامِ أن ناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قالوا: لَو أرسَلْنا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - رسولًا يَسألُه عن أحَبِّ الأعمالِ إلَى اللهِ. قال: فلَم يَذهَبْ إلَيه أحَدٌ مِنَّا، وهِبْنا أن نَسأَلَه عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فدَعا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أولَئكَ النَّفَرَ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا حَتَّى جَمَعَهُم، ونَزَلَت فيهِم هذه السورَةُ: ﴿سَبَّحَ للهِ﴾ - (^٥) قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَلَامٍ: فقَرأها عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كُلِّها. قال أبو سلَمةَ: قَرأها\n_________\n(^١) قال الحربي: دعاه عليه ألا يقدر على نزع شوكته بالمنقاش. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ٣١٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"الساقة\". وضبب عليها في الأصل، وفي البخاري: \"الساقة\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجة (٤١٣٦) من طريق محمد الله بن دينار به دون موضع الشاهد. وسيأتي في (٢١١٩٠، ٢١١٩١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٨٧).\n(^٥) يعني سورة الصف كما في الحديث التالي.","vol":"18","page":522},{"text":"عَلَينا عبدُ اللهِ بن سَلَامٍ كُلَّها. قال يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ: وقَرأها عَلَينا أبو سلَمةَ كُلِّها. قال الأوزاعِيُّ: وقَرأها عَلَينا يَحيَى كُلَّها. قال العباسُ: قال أبي: وقَرأها عَلَينا الأوزاعِيُّ كُلَّها (^١).\n\n١٨٥٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلَمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ قال: اجتَمَعنا فتَذاكَرنا فقُلنا: أيّكُم يأتي رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيَسأَلَه: أيُّ الأعمالِ أحَبُّ إلَى اللهِ؟ قال: ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقنا وهِبنا أن يأتيَه مِنَّا أحَدٌ، فأَرسَلَ إلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فجَمعَنا، فجَعَلَ يومِيءُ بَعضُنا إلَى بَعضٍ، فقَرأَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: ﴿سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ [الصف: ١] إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ. قال يَحيَى: فقَرأها عَلَينا أبو سلمةَ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. قال أبو سلَمةَ: فقَرأها عَلَينا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن سَلَامٍ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. قال الأوزاعِيُّ: فقَرأها عَلَينا يَحيَى مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. قال أبو إسحاقَ: وقَرأها عَلَينا الأوزاعِيُّ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. قال مُعاويَةُ: وقَرأها أبو إسحاقَ عَلَينا مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. قال أبو بكرٍ الصَّغانِيُّ: وقَرأها عَلَينا مُعاويَةُ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٨٦، ٤٨٧ وصححه. وليس فيه قول العباس بن الوليد الأخير. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٨٩)، والترمذي (٣٣٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٥٩٤) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وصحح إسناده الألباني في صحيح الترمذي (٢٦٣٦).","vol":"18","page":523},{"text":"آخِرِها (^١). قال أبو العباسِ: ولَم يَقرأْ عَينا الصَّغانِيُّ السّورَةَ بتَمامِها. وقَرأ أبو العباسِ مِن أوَّلِها شَيئًا، وقَرأ القاضِي مِن أوَّلِها شَيئًا، وقَرأ أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ عَلَينا السُّورَةَ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها. وقَرأها الشيخُ مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيب، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأسوَدُ بن شَيبانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الشِّخِّير، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الشِّخِّير قال: كان الحديثُ يَبلُغُنِي عن أبي ذَرٍّ فكُنتُ أشتَهِي لِقاءَه، فلَقِيتُه فقُلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ، إنَّه كان يَبلُغُني عَنكَ الحديثُ فكُنتُ أشتَهِي لِقاءَكَ. قال: للهِ أبوكَ، فقَد لَقِيتَ فهاتِ. فقُلتُ: حَديثٌ بَلَغَنِي أنَّكَ تُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حَدَّثَكُم: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يُحِبُّ ثَلاثةً ويُبْغِضُ ثَلاثةً\". قال: ما إخالُنِي أن أكذِبَ على خَليلِي - ﷺ -. قُلتُ: فمَنِ الثَّلاثَةُ الَّذينَ يُحِبُّ اللهُ؟ قال: رَجُلٌ لَقِيَ العَدوَّ فقاتَلَ، وإِنَّكُم لَتَجِدونَ ذَلِكَ في الكِتابِ عِندَكُم: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا﴾ [الصف: ٤] قُلتُ: ومَن؟ قال: رَجُلٌ له جارُ سَوءٍ فهو يُؤذيه فيَصبِرُ على أذاه، فيَكفيه اللهُ إيَّاه بحَياةٍ أو مَوتٍ. قال: ومَن؟ قال: رَجُلٌ كان مَعَ قَومٍ في سَفَرٍ، فنَزَلوا فعَرَّسوا، وقَد شَقَّ عَلَيهِمُ الكَرَى والنُّعاسُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤٨٧ من طريق معاوية بن عمرو به.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"وقرأها زاهر الشحامى من أولها إلى آخرها، وقرأها عثمان بن عبد الرَّحمن بن عثمان على الجماعة من أولها إلى آخرها، وقال: أرجو أن شيخنا منصور بن عبد المنعم الفراوى قرأها أو شيئًا منها علينا، وأن شيخه أبا المعالى الفارسي قرأها أو شيئًا منها عليه. صح، وأن المصنف قرأها عيهما\".","vol":"18","page":524},{"text":"ووَضَعوا رُءوسَهُم فناموا، وقامَ فتَوَضّأ فصلَّى رَهبَةً للهِ ورَغبَةً إلَيهِ. قُلتُ: فمَنِ الثَّلاثَةُ الَّذينَ يُبغِضُ؟ قال: البَخيلُ المَنَّانُ، والمُختالُ الفَخورُ، وإِنَّكُم لَتَجِدونَ ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ اللَّهِ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ﴾ [لقمان: ١٨] قال: فمَنِ الثَّالِثُ؟ قال: التّاجِرُ الحَلَّافُ. أو: البائِعُ الحَلَّافُ (^١).\n\n١٨٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الخَير، عن أَبى الخطَّاب، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال عامَ تَبوكَ؛ خَطَبَ النّاسَ وهو مُضيفٌ ظَهرَه إلَى نَخلَةٍ، فقالَ: \"ألا أُخبِرُكم بخَيرِ النَّاسِ وشَرِّ النّاسِ؟ إنَّ مِن خَيرِ النّاسِ رَجُلًا عَمِلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ على ظَهرِ فرَسِه، أو على ظَهرِ بَعيرِه، أو على قَدَمَيه حَتَّى يأتيَه المَوتُ، وإِنَّ مِن شَرِّ النّاسِ رَجُلًا فاجِرًا جَريئًا يَقرأُ كِتابَ اللَّهِ لا يَرعَوِي إلَى شَئ مِنه\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَر، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأُمَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي هِشامُ بن سَعدٍ، عن سعيدِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٤٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٣٠)، والطبراني (١٦٣٧) من طريق الأسود بن شيبان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٨/ ١٧١: وإسناد الطبراني وأحد إسنادى أحمد رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٦٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٣١٩)، والنسائي (٣١٠٦) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"18","page":525},{"text":"ابنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذُبابٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مَرَّ بشِعبٍ فيه عُيَينَةٌ مِنْ ماءٍ عَذبٍ، فأَعجَبَه طِيبُه وحُسنُه فقالَ: لَوِ اعتَزَلتُ النّاسَ وأَقَمتُ في هذا الشِّعْبِ. ثُمَّ قال: لا أفعَلُ حَتَّى أستأمِرَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"لا تَفعَلْ، فإِنَّ مُقامَ أحَدِكُم في سَبيلِ اللهِ أفضَلُ مِن صَلَاتِه في أهلِه سِتِّينَ عامًا، ألا تُحِبَّونَ أن يَغفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُم ويُدخِلَكُمُ الجَنَّةَ؟ اغزُوا في سَبيلِ الله، مَن قاتَلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ فُواقَ ناقَةٍ (^١) وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأزهَر، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أيُّوبَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسَّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مُقامُ الرَّجُلِ في الصَّفِّ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ أفضَلُ مِن عِبادَةِ رَجُلٍ سِتِّينَ سنةً\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ المُبارَك، عن أبي مَعنٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ مَولَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفَّانَ قال: قال عثمانُ بن عَفَّانَ في مَسجِدِ الخَيفِ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، حَديثًا سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كُنتُ أكتُمُكُموه ضِنًّا بكُم قَد بَدا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ناقته\". وفواق الناقة: ما بين الحلْبتين من الراحة، وتُضم فاؤُه وتفتح. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٢٣٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٦٨ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٧٦٢)، والترمذي (١٦٥٠) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارميُّ (٢٤٤١) - ومن طريقه الحاكم ٢/ ٦٨ وصححه - عن عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"18","page":526},{"text":"لِي أن أُبديَه نَصيحَةً لَكُم، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"يَومُ المُجاهِدِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كألفِ يَومٍ فيما سواه\". فليَنظُرْ كُلُّ امرِئٍ مِنكُم لِنَفسِه (^١).\n\n١٨٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الجُماهِرِ محمدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بن حُمَيدٍ، أخبرَنِي العَلاءُ بن الحارِث، عن القاسِمِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ائذَنْ لِي في السِّياحَةِ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ سياحَةَ أُمَّتِي الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الجُماهِر، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ يَعنِي ابنَ حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا العَلاءُ بن الحارِث، عن القاسِمِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: ائذَنْ لِي في الزِّنَى. قال: فهَمَّ مَن كان قُربَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أن يَتَناوَلوه، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"دَعوه\". ثُمَّ قال له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ادْنُهْ، أتُحِبُّ أن يُفعَلَ ذَلِكَ بأُختِكَ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فبِابنَتِكَ؟ \". قال: فلَم يَزَلْ يقولُ: بكَذا وكَذا؟ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يقولُ: لا. فقالَ له النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"فاكْرَهْ ما كَرِهَ اللَّهُ، وأَحِبَّ لأخيكَ ما تُحِبُّ لِنَفسِكَ\". قال: يا رسولَ الله، فادعُ اللَّهَ أن يُبَغِّضَ إلَيَّ النِّساءَ. قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"اللهُمَّ بَغِّضْ إلَيه النِّساءَ\". قال: فانصرفَ الرَّجُلُ، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٨٧).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٢٢٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٧٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٨٦) عن محمد بن عثمان التنوخي به.","vol":"18","page":527},{"text":"رَجَعَ إلَيه بَعدَ لَيالٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ما مِن شَئٍ أبغَضُ إلَيَّ مِنَ النِّساء، فأْذَنْ لِي بالسِّياحَةِ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ سياحَةَ أُمَّتِي الجِهادُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥٤٨ - حَدَّثَنَا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا أبي وشُعَيبُ بن اللَّيثِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ الهاد، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ أبي اللَّجلاج، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ غُبارٌ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ودُخانُ جَهَنَّمَ في جَوفِ عبدٍ أبَدًا، ولا يَجتَمِعُ الشُّحُّ والإيمانُ في قَلبِ عبدٍ أبَدًا\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3894>بابُ فضلِ مَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٨٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ الغَضائرِيُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سالِمُ بن أبي الجَعد، عن مَعدانَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٧٥٩) من طريق الهيثم بن حميد به بنحوه دون موضع الشاهد. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧١٢: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٢٥٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٣١١٢) من طريق الليث به. وأحمد (٨٥١٢)، وابن حبان (٣٢٥١) من طريق سهيل به. وعندهم جميعًا: ابن اللجلاج. وهو: حصين بن اللجلاج، ويقال: خالد. ويقال: القعقاع. ويقال: أبو العلاء ابن اللجلاج. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٥٣١، ٥٣٢. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٩١٥).","vol":"18","page":528},{"text":"أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أبي نَجيحٍ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَصرَ الطَّائف، فسَمِعتُ نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ فبَلَّغَ فلَه دَرَجَةٌ في الجَنَّةِ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا نَبِيَّ الله، إن رَمَيتُ فبَلَّغتُ (^١) فلِي دَرَجَةٌ في الجَنَّةِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فرَمَى فبَلَّغَ، قال: وبَلَّغتُ يَومَئذٍ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا. قال: وسَمِعتُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن شابَ شَيبَةً في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كانَت له نورًا يَومَ القيامَة، ومَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ كان له نورًا يَومَ القيامَة، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ أعتَقَ رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جاعِلٌ وِقاءَ كُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِه [عَظمًا مِن عِظامِه] (^٢) مِنَ النَّار، وأَيُّما امرأةٍ مُسلِمَةٍ أعتَقَتِ امرأةً مُسلِمَةً، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ جاعِلٌ وِقاءَ كُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِها عَظمًا مِن عِظامِ مُحَرَّرِها مِنَ النَّارِ\" (^٣).\nورَواه أيضًا أسَدُ بن وداعَة عن أبي نجيحٍ عمرِو بنِ عبَسَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِنهُم عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن القاسِمِ مَولَى عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عمرِو بنِ عَبَسَةَ، قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن رَمَى العَدوَّ بسَهمٍ فبَلَّغَ سَهمَه - أخطأ أو أصابَ - فعِدلُ رَقَبَةٍ\" (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بسهم\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) سيأتي تخريجه في (٢١٣٥٠).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (٢١٣٤٩).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٩٦. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٤٢٠) مطولًا، وابن ماجة (٢٨١٢) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجة (٢٢٦٨).","vol":"18","page":529},{"text":"١٨٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن عيسَى الحِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بن قَطَنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ السِّمْطِ قال: قُلنا لِكَعبِ بنِ مُرَّةَ السُّلَمِيِّ: حَدَّثَنَا واحذَرْ. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن شابَ شَيبَةً في الإسلامِ كانَت له نورًا يَومَ القيامَة، ومَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ كان كَعِتقِ رَقَبَةٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ بنُ القَطَّانِ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبَّارِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن هاشِمِ بنِ هاشِمٍ الزُّهرِيّ، قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سَعدَ بنَ أبي وقّاصٍ يقولُ: نَثَلَ لِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ: يَعنِي نَفَضَ - كِنانَتَه يَومَ أُحُدٍ، وقالَ: \"ارمِ فِداكَ أبي وأُمِّي\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مَروانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٠٦٤)، والترمذي (١٦٣٤)، والنسائي (٣١٤٤)، وابن حبان (٤٦١٤) من طريق الأعمش به. وعند الترمذي والنسائي دون موضع الشاهد. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٩٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الدلائل ٣/ ٢٣٩. وأخرجه البزار (١٠٨٠)، والنسائي في عمل اليوم والليلة (١٩٧) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٠٥٥).","vol":"18","page":530},{"text":"١٨٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفصُ بن عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا قَبيصَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن عليٍّ قال: ما سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جَمَعَ أبَوَيه إِلَّا لِسَعدٍ، فإِنَّه قال: \"ارمِ فِداكَ أبي وأُمِّي\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصةَ ومُسَدَّدٍ عن يَحيَى عن الثَّورِيِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّه، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الله، أخبرَنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان أبو طَلحَةَ يَتَتَرَّسُ (^٣) مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بتُرسٍ واحِدٍ، وكانَ أبو طَلحَةَ حَسَنَ الرَّميِ، وكانَ إذا رَمَى يُشرِفُ (^٤) النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فيَنظُرُ إلَى مَوضِع نَبلِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ ينِ محمدٍ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٢٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وأحمد (١٠١٧)، والترمذي (٣٧٥٥) من طريق سفيان به. وابن ماجة (١٢٩)، وابن حبان (٦٩٨٨) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٠٥، ٦١٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٤١١/ ٤١، وعقبة).\n(^٣) في م: \"تترس\".\n(^٤) في م: \"أشرف\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٨٠٠)، وأبو عوانة في مسنده (٦٨٥٩) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٩٠٢).","vol":"18","page":531},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3895>بابُ فضلِ المَشي في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنوخِيُّ أبو الجُماهِر، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن حَمر (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي زيادٍ المَوصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ بن زَيدٍ الخَطَّابِيُّ - وكانَ يَسكُنُ حَرّانَ - حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن المُبارَكِ الصُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن أبي مَريَمَ، أخبرَنِي عَبايَةُ بنُ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عَبْسٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما اغبَرَّت قَدَما عبدٍ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فتَمَسَّهُما النَّارُ أبَدًا\" (^١). لَفُظُهَما واحِدٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن محمدِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَك، حَدَّثَنَا عُتبَةُ بن [حَكيمٍ، عن حَرمَلَةَ] (^٣)، عن أبي المُصبِّحِ الحِمصِيِّ قال: كُنَّا نَسيرُ في صائفَةٍ (^٤) وعَلَى النّاسِ مالكُ بن عبد اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٩٤٢، ٥٩٤٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨١١).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل. وقال ابن عساكر ٥٦/ ٤٦٨: رواه أبو داود الطيالسي وأخطأ فيه في موضعين؛ قوله: عتبة بن حيهم. وإنما هو: ابن أبي حكيم. وقوله: حرملة. وإنما هو: حصين بن حرملة. ا هـ. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٠، ٦/ ٥٢٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٣٠٠، ومصادر التخريج.\n(^٤) الصائفة: غزو الروم، وكان يكون في الصيف. التاج ٢٤/ ٤٤ (ص ي ف).","vol":"18","page":532},{"text":"الخَثعَمِيُّ، فأَتَى على جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ وهو يَمشِي يَقودُ بَغلًا له فقالَ له: إلا تَركَبُ وقَد حَمَلَكَ اللهُ؟ فقالَ جابِرٌ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ اغبَرَّت قَدَماه في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ حَرَّمَهُما اللَّهُ على النّارِ\". أُصلِحُ لِي دابَّتِي وأَستَغنِي عن قَومِي. فوَثَبَ النّاسُ عن دَوائهِم، فما رأيتُ نازِلًا أكثَرَ مِن يَومِئذٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3896>بابُ فضلِ الشَّهادَةِ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٨٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ما أحَدٌ (^٢) يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ فيتَمَنَّى أن يَخرُجَ مِنها وإِنَّ له ما على الأرضِ مِن شَئ إلَّا الشَّهيدُ فإِنَّه يَتَمَنَّى أن يَرجِعَ فيُقتَلَ عَشرَ مِرارٍ لِما رأى مِنَ الكَرامَةِ\". لَفظُ حَدِيثِ العَقَدِيّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِيِّ: \"ما مِن عبدٍ له عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيرٌ يُحِبُّ أن يَرجِعَ إلَى الدُّنيا إلَّا الشَّهيدُ، فإِنَّه يَوَدُّ لَو أنَّه رَجَعَ فقُتِلَ عَشرَ مَرَّات لِما يَرَى مِن فضلِ الشَّهادَةِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" مِن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٨٨١)، وابن المبارك في الجهاد (٣٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٩٤٧). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٨٥: ورجال أحمد في أحد الطريقين رجال الصحيح خلا أبي المصبح وهو ثقة.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أجد أحدا\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٠٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٠٣)، والترمذي (١٦٦٢)، وابن حبان (٤٦٦٢) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"18","page":533},{"text":"حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١)\n\n١٨٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ وعيسَى بن يونُسَ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُرّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ أنَّهُ سُئلَ عن أرواحِ الشُّهَداءِ فقالَ: قَد سألْنا عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"أرواحُهُم كَطَيرٍ خُضرٍ، لَها قَناديلُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ في العَرش، تَسرَحُ حَيثُ شاءَت ثُمَّ تأوِي إلَى قَناديلِها، فبَينَما هُم على ذَلِكَ إذِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيهِم رَبُّكَ اطِّلاعَةً فيَقولُ: ما تَشتَهونَ؟ فيقولونَ: وما نَشتَهِي ونَحنُ في الجَنَّةِ نَسرَحُ حَيثُ شِئنا؟! فإِذا رأَوا أن لا بُدَّ مِن أن يَسأَلوا قالوا: تُرَدُّ أرواحُنا في أجسادِنا، فنُقاتِلُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ فنُقتَلُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى. فإِذا رأى ألَّا يَسأَلوه شيئًا تَرَكَهُم\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي عبد الله، وفِي رِوايَةِ المُقرِئِ: قال: سألْنا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ (١٦٩) فَرِحِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٩، ١٧٠] قال: أما إنّا قَد سألْنا عن ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن أبي مُعاويَةَ، وعن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨١٧)، ومسلم (١٨٧٧/ ١٠٩).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٤٢٤٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجة (٢٨٠١) من طريق أبي معاوية به. والترمذي (٣٠١١) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٨٧/ ١٢١).","vol":"18","page":534},{"text":"١٨٥٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أسباطٌ وأبو مُعاويَةَ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألْنا عبدَ اللهِ عن هذه الآيَة، فذَكَرَها وقالَ: \"أرواحُهُم في جَوفِ طَيرٍ خُضْرٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن إدريسَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَمّا أُصيبَ إخوانُكُم بأُحُدٍ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ أرواحَهُم في جَوفِ طَيرٍ خُضرٍ تَرِدُ أنهارَ الجَنَّة، تأكُلُ مِن ثِمارِها، وتأوِي إلَى قَناديلَ مِن ذَهَبٍ مُعَلَّقَةٍ في ظِلِّ العَرش، فلَمّا وجَدوا طِيبَ مأكَلِهِم ومَشرَيهِم ومَقيلِهِم قالوا: مَن يُبَلِّغُ إخوانَنا عَنّا أنّا أحياءٌ في الجَنَّةِ نُرزَقُ، لِئَلَّا يَزهَدوا في الجِهاد، ولا يَنكُلوا (^٣) عِندَ الحَربِ؟ قال اللَّهُ ﷿: أنا أُبَلِّغُهُم عَنكُم\". قال: وأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآياتِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في البعث والنشور (٢٢٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٨٧/ ١٢١).\n(^٣) ينكلوا: يجبنوا. عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٢٠)، وابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ١١٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨٩) عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٩٩).","vol":"18","page":535},{"text":"١٨٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، حَدَّثَتنا حَسناءُ (^١) بنتُ مُعاويَةَ قالَت: حدثنا عَمِّي قال: قُلتُ لِرسولِ اللهِ. مَن في الجَنَّةِ؟ قال: \"النَّبِيُّ في الجَنَّة، والشَّهيدُ والمَولودُ والوَئيدُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَعدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ أوَّل ما يُهَراقُ مِن دَمِ الشَّهيدِ تُغفَرُ له ذُنوبُه\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَك، حدثنا صَفوانُ بن عمرٍو السَّكسَكِيُّ، عن أبي المُثَنَّى المُلَيكِيِّ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"القَتلَى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حسيناء\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ٨٨، والإكمال ٢/ ٤٧٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٢١) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢٠٥٨٣) من طريق عوف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٠٠).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٩. وأخرجه الطبراني (٥٥٥٢) من طريق ابن وهب به بنحوه. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٤/ ١٢٨: رواه الطبراني في الكبير ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"18","page":536},{"text":"ثَلاثَةٌ؛ رَجُلٌ مُؤمِنٌ خَرَجَ بنَفسِه ومالِه، فلَقِيَ العَدوَّ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى يُقتَلُ (^١)، فذَلِكَ المُمتَحَنُ (^٢)، في خَيمَةِ اللهِ تَحتَ عَرشِه، لا يَفضُلُه النَّبيّونَ إلَّا بدَرَجَةِ النُّبوَّةِ، ورَجُلٌ مُؤمِنٌ قَرَفَ (^٣) على نَفسِه مِنَ الذُّنوبِ والخَطايا، لَقِيَ العَدوَّ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى يُقتَلُ، فتِلكَ مُمَصمِصةٌ (^٤) مَحَت (^٥) ذُنوبَه وخَطاياه، إنّ السَّيف مَحّاءٌ لِلخَطايا، وقيلَ له: ادخُلْ مِن أيِّ أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ الثَّمانيَةِ شِئتَ. فإِنَّها ثَمانيَةُ أبوابٍ، ولِجَهَنَّمَ سَبعَةُ أبوابٍ، بَعضُها أفضَلُ مِن بَعضٍ - يعنِي أبوابَ الجَنَّة - ورَجُلٌ مُنافِقٌ خَرَجَ بنَفسِه ومالِه فقاتَلَ حَتَّى يُقتَلُ، فذاكَ في النّار، إنَّ السَّيفَ لا يَمحو النِّفاقَ\" (^٦).\n\n١٨٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائب، عن مُرَّةَ الهَمْدانيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَجِبَ رَبُّنا مِن رَجُلَينِ؛ رَجُلٍ ثارَ عن\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبط هذا الفعل في الأصل بالضم في المواضع الثلاثة.\n(^٢) الممتحن: المصفى المهذب. النهاية ٤/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"فرق\".\nوقرف الذنب: كسبه وعمله. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٤٥.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"مصمصة\"، وفي ص ٨: \"مضمضة\".\nوممصمصة أي: مُطهِّرة من دنس الخطايا. النهاية ٤/ ٣٣٧.\n(^٥) في م: \"تَحُتُّ\".\n(^٦) الطيالسي (١٣٦٣)، وابن المبارك في الجهاد (٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٧٦٥٨)، وابن حبان (٤٦٦٣). وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٩١: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح خلا المثنى الأملوكى وهو ثقة.","vol":"18","page":537},{"text":"وِطائِه ولِحافِه مِن بَينَ حِبِّه وأَهلِه إلَى صَلاِته، رَغبَةً فيما عِندِي وشفَقَةً مِمّا عِندِي، ورَجُلٍ غَزا في سَبيلِ اللهِ فانهَزَمَ، فعَلِمَ ما عَلَيه في الانهِزامِ وما له في الرُّجوعِ، فرَجَعَ حَتَّى أُهَريقَ دَمُه، فيقولُ اللهُ ﷿ لِمَلائكَتِه: انظُروا إلَى عبدِي؛ رَجَعَ رَغبَةً فيما عِندِي وشَفَقَةً مِمّا عِندِي حَتَّى أُهَريقَ دَمُهُ (^١) \".\nورُوِيَ في مَعناه عن أبي الدَّرداءِ مَرفوعًا.\n\n١٨٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِرْدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الشَّهيدُ لا يَجِدُ ألَمَ القَتلِ إلَّا كما يَجِدُ أحَدُكُم ألَمَ القَرصَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن الوَليد، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: حَدَّثَنِي عثمانُ بن أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عليٍّ الأزديِّ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ حُبشِيٍّ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ: أيُّ الأعَمالِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ لا شَكَّ فيه، وجِهادٌ لا غُلولَ فيه، وحَجَّةٌ مَبرورَةٌ\". قيلَ: أيُّ الصَّلاةِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٩٨٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٥٧) من طريق عبد الواحد بن غياث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٩٥٣)، والترمذي (١٦٦٨)، والنسائي (٣١٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٠٢)، وابن حبان (٤٦٥٥) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب.","vol":"18","page":538},{"text":"أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"طولُ القيامِ\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"جُهدٌ مِن مُقِلٍّ\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ الهِجرَةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"مَن هَجَرَ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ الجِهادِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"مَن جاهَدَ المُشرِكينَ بمالِه ونَفسِه\". قيلَ: فأَيُّ القَتلِ أشرَفُ؟ قال: \"مَن أُهَريقَ دَمُه وعُقِرَ جَوادُه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3897>بابٌ: الشَّهيدُ يُشَفَّعُ</span>\n\n١٨٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَسّانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بن رَباحٍ الذِّمَارِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي نِمرانُ بن عُتبَةَ الذِّمَارِيُّ قال: دَخَلنا على أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ ونَحنُ أيتامٌ فقالَت: أبشِروا فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُشفَّعُ الشَّهيدُ في سبعينَ مِن أهلِ بَيته\" (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: صَوابُه: رَباحُ بن الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3898>بابُ فضلِ مَن يُجرَحُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدّثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ وابنِ عَجلانَ، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٧٥٢، ٧٨٤٩).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٥٢٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٦٦٠) من طريق يحيى بن حسان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٠١).\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٢٥٢٢).","vol":"18","page":539},{"text":"هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يُكلَمُ أحَدٌ في سَبيلِ اللهِ - واللهُ أعلمُ بمَن يُكلَمُ في سَبيلِه - إلَّا جاءَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وجُرحُه يَثعَبُ دَمًا، اللَّونُ لَونُ الدَّم، والرِّيحُ ريحُ المِسكِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ عن أبي الزِّناد، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن النّاقِدِ وزُهَيرٍ عن سُفيانَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٦٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلُّ كَلْمٍ يُكلَمُه المُسلِمُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ يَكونُ يَومَ القيامَةِ كَهَيئَتِها إذا طُعِنَت تَفَجَّرُ دَمًا، فاللَّونُ لَونُ الدَّم، والعَرفُ (^٣) عَرفُ المِسكِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3899>بابُ فضلِ مَن قَتَلَ كافِرًا</span>\n\n١٨٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٠٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠٢)، والنسائي (٣١٤٧) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٦٨٨٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٠٣)، ومسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٥).\n(^٣) العرف: الريح. النهاية ٣/ ٢١٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٥٢٨) ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٠٥). وأخرجه البخاري (٢٣٧) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٧٦/ ١٠٦).","vol":"18","page":540},{"text":"القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو الحِيرِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ الوَرّاقُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عَونٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَجتَمِعانِ في النّارِ اجتِماعًا يَضُرُّ أحَدَهُما\". قيلَ: مَن هُم يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"مُؤمِنٌ قَتَلَ كافِرًا ثُمَّ سُدِّدَ (^١) \". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد اللهِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عَونٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو النَّضر، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاء، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ كافِرٌ وقاتِلُه في النّارِ أبَدًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3900>بابُ الرَّجُلَينِ يَقتُلُ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه فيَدخُلانِ الجَنَّةَ</span>\n\n١٨٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطه في الأصل بضم السين.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٩١٨٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق الفزارى به. والنسائي (٣١٠٩)، وابن حبان (٤٦٠٦) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٩١/ ١٣١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٩٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٨٨١٦، ٨٩٢٢)، وابن حبان (٤٦٦٥) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٩١/ ١٣٠).","vol":"18","page":541},{"text":"عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يَضحَكُ اللهُ مِن رَجُلَينِ يَقتُلُ أحَدُهُما الآخَرَ، كِلاهُما يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ\". قالوا: وكَيفَ ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"يُقتَلُ هذا فيَلِجُ الجَنَّةَ، ثُمَّ يَتوبُ اللهُ ﷿ على الآخَرِ فيَهديه إلَى الإسلام، ثُمَّ يُجاهِدُ في سَبيلِ اللهِ فيُستَشهَدُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَضحَكُ اللهُ إلَى رَجُلَينِ يَقتُلُ أحَدُهُما الآخَرَ كِلاهُما يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ، يُقاتِلُ هذا في سَبيلِ اللهِ فيُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ يَتوبُ اللهُ على القاتِلِ فيُقاتِلُ فيُستَشهَدُ\" (^٤).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٨٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٢٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٩٠/ ١٢٩).\n(^٣) لم نجده في البخاري من هذا الوجه، واقتصر المصنف على عزوه لمسلم في الأسماء والصفات (٩٧٨).\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٤٦٠، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣١٦٦)، وابن حبان (٢١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٩٧٦)، وابن ماجه (١٩١) من طريق أبي الزناد به.","vol":"18","page":542},{"text":"مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3901>بابُ فضلِ مَن ماتَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن نَصرٍ الإمامُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ العَطّارُ الحِيرِيُّ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَدخُلُ على أُمِّ حَرامٍ بنتِ مِلحانَ فتُطعِمُه، وكانَت أُمُّ حَرامٍ تَحتَ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِت، فدَخَلَ عَلَيها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومًا فأَطعَمَته ثُمَّ جَلَسَت تَفلِي رأسَه، فنامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ وهو يَضحَكُ، قالَت: فقُلتُ: ما يُضحِكُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"ناسٌ مِن أُمَّتِي عُرِضوا عليّ غُزاةً في سَبيلِ الله، يَركَبونَ ثَبَجَ هذا البحرِ (^٢)، مُلوكًا على الأسِرَّةِ. أو: مِثلَ المُلوكِ على الأسِرَّةِ\". يَشُكُّ أيَّهُما قال - قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، ادعُ اللهَ أن يَجعَلَنِي مِنهُم. فدَعا لَها، ثُمَّ وضَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - رأسَه فنامَ، ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ وهو يَضحَكُ. قالَت: فقُلتُ: ما يُضحِكُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"ناسٌ مِن أُمَّتِي عُرِضوا عليّ غُزاةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ\". كما قال في الأولَى: قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، ادعُ اللهَ أن يَجعَلَنِي مِنهُم.\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٢٦)، ومسلم (١٨٩٠/ ١٢٨).\n(^٢) ثبج البحر: أي وسطه. وقيل: ظهره. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٢٨.","vol":"18","page":543},{"text":"قال: \"أنتِ مِنَ الأوَّلينَ\". فرَكِبَتْ أُمُّ حَرامٍ بنتُ مِلحانَ البحرَ في زَمَنِ مُعاويَةَ، فصُرِعَت عن دابَّتِها حينَ خَرَجَت مِنَ البحرِ فهَلَكَت (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَني أبو الوَليد، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بن هِشامٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِي أُمُّ حَرامٍ بنتُ مِلحانَ - ﵂ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال (^٣) في بَيتِها يَومًا، ثُمَّ استَيقَظَ وهو يَضحَكُ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما أضحَكَكَ؟ قال: \"عُرِضَ عليّ قَومٌ مِن أُمَّتِي يَركَبونَ ظَهرَ هذا البحرِ كالمُلوكِ على الأسِرَّةِ\". قُلتُ: ادعُ اللهَ أن يَجعَلَنِي مِنهُم. فدَعا لَها، ثُمَّ نامَ، ثُمَّ قامَ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقُلتُ: ادعُ اللهَ أن يَجعَلَني مِنهُم. قال: \"أنتِ مِنَ الأوَّلينَ\". فتَزَوَّجَها عُبادَةُ بن الصَّامِت، فغَزا بها في البحر، فلَمّا رَجَعوا قُرِّبَت لَها بَغلَةٌ لِتَركَبَها فصَرَعَتها فدَقَّت عُنُقَها فماتَت (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٤٥٠، ٤٥١، ومالك ٢/ ٢٦٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٣٥٢٠)، وأبو داود (٢٤٩١)، والترمذي (١٦٤٥)، والنسائي (٣١٧١)، وابن حبان (٦٦٦٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩١٢/ ١٦٠)، والبخارى (٢٧٨٨).\n(^٣) قال: أي نام وقت القيلولة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٧٨) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأبو داود (٢٤٩٠)، والنسائي (٣١٧٢)، وابن =","vol":"18","page":544},{"text":"عن أبي النُّعمانِ عن حَمّادٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأُمَوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عَتيكٍ أخِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن خَرَجَ مِن بَيته مُجاهِدًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ - قال: ثُمَّ ضَمَّ أصابِعَه الثلاثَ - وأَينَ المُجاهِدونَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ؟ مَن خَرَجَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ فخَرَّ عن دابَّتِه فماتَ، فقَد وقَعَ أجرُه على الله، وإِن لَدَغَته دابَّةٌ فماتَ فقَد وقَعَ أجرُه على الله، ومَن ماتَ حَتفَ أنفِه - قال: وإِنَّها لَكَلِمَةٌ ما سَمِعتُها مِن أحَدٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ أوَّل مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، يَعنِي بحَتفِ أنفِه: على فِراشِه - فقَد وقَعَ أجرُه على الله، ومَن قُتِلَ قَعْصًا (^٢) فقَدِ استَوجَبَ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن ابنِ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، يَرُدُّه إلَى مَكحولٍ، إلَى ابنِ غَنمٍ الأشعَرِيِّ، أن أبا مالكٍ الأشعَرِيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قال: مَنِ انتَدَبَ\n_________\n= حبان (٧١٨٩) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٧٧٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٩٤، ٢٨٩٥)، ومسلم (١٩١٢/ ١٦١).\n(^٢) القعص: أن يُضرب الإنسان فيموت مكانه. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩١.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٤١٤)، والبخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٤ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٥/ ٢٧٧: وفيه محمد بن إسحاق مدلس، وبقية رجال أحمد ثقات.","vol":"18","page":545},{"text":"خارِجًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ ابتِغاءَ وجهِه وتَصديقَ وعدِه وإيمانًا برِسالاتِه على اللهِ ضامِنٌ، فإِمَّا يَتَوَفّاه اللهُ في الجَيشِ بأَيِّ حَتفٍ شاءَ فيُدخِلُه الجَنَّةَ، وإمّا يَسيحُ في ضَمانِ اللهِ وإن طالَت غَيبَتُه، ثُمَّ يَرُدُّه إلَى أهلِه سالِمًا مَعَ ما نالَ مِن أجرٍ وغَنيمَةٍ\" (^١). قال: \"ومَن فصَلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ فماتَ أو قُتِلَ - يَعنِي فهو شَهيدٌ - أو وقَصَه فرَسُه أو بَعيرُه، أو لَدَغَته هامَّةٌ (^٢)، أو ماتَ على فِراشِه بأَيِّ حَتفٍ شاءَ اللهُ فإِنَّه شَهيدٌ ولَه الجَنَّةُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ (^٤) ببَغدادَ، حدثنا سِماكُ بن عبد الصَّمَد، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ عبدُ الأعلَى بن مُسهِرٍ الغَسّانيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عبد الله، حَدَّثَنِي الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن حَبيبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ثَلَاثةٌ كُلُّهُم ضامِنٌ (^٥) على اللهِ ﷿، رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ غازيًا في سَبيلِ الله، فهو ضامِنٌ على اللهِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفّاه، فيُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ أو يَرُدَّه بما نالَ مِن أجرٍ أو (^٦) غَنيمَةٍ، ورَجُلٌ راحَ إلَى المَسجِد، فهو ضامِنٌ على اللهِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفّاه فيُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ أو يَرُدَّه بما نالَ مِن أجرٍ أو غَنيمَةٍ، ورَجُلٌ دَخَلَ بَيتَه بسَلامٍ، فهو ضامِنٌ على اللهِ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"أو غنيمة\".\n(^٢) الهامَّة: كل ذات سم يقتل. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٩٩) عن عبد الوهاب بن نجدة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٣٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"البزار\". وقد تقدم على الصواب في (٨٤٣٢).\n(^٥) ضامن: أي مضمون، أو ذو ضمان. ينظر فيض القدير ٣/ ٤٢١.\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"و\".\n(^٧) الحاكم ٢/ ٧٣، ٧٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٩٤) من طريق أبي مسهر به. وابن حبان =","vol":"18","page":546},{"text":"١٨٥٧٩ - أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العدلُ، حدثنا عُبيدُ بن شَريكٍ البَزّار، حدثنا يحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن الحارِثِ بن يَعقوبَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ رافعٍ القَيسيِّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَن بن جُبَيرٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بن عمرٍو - ﵄ - أنَّه مَرَّ بمُعاذِ بن جَبَلٍ وهو قاعدٌ على بابِه يُشيرُ بيَدِه كأنَّه يُحدِّثُ نَفسَه، فقال له عبدُ اللهِ: ما شأنُكَ يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ تُحَدِّثُ نفسكَ؟ قال: وما لي، يُريدُ عدوُّ اللهِ أن يُلهيني عن كَلامٍ سمعتُه من رسولِ الله - ﷺ -، قال: تُكابِدُ (^١) دهرَكَ الآن في بيتِكَ، ألا تخرُجُ إلى المجلس فتُحدِّثَ؟ وأنا سَمِعتُ رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: \"مَن جاهَدَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ كان ضامِنًا على الله، ومن جلسَ في بيتِهِ لا يغتابُ أحدًا بسوءٍ كان ضامِنًا على الله، ومَن عادَ مريضًا كان ضامِنًا على الله، ومَن غَدا إلى المَسجِدِ أو راح كان ضامِنًا على الله، ومَن دَخَل على إمامٍ يُعزِّرُه كان ضامِنًا على الله\". فيُريدُ عَدوُّ اللهِ أن يُخرِجَني (^٢) من بَيتي إلى المَجلِسِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3902>بابُ مَن أتاه سهمُ غَرْبٍ (^٤) فقَتَلَهُ</span>\n\n١٨٥٨٠ - أخبرنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن\n_________\n= (٤٩٩) من طريق سليمان بن حبيب به.\n(^١) في م: \"مكابد\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: قوله: تكابد دهرك. حكاية منه لوسوسة الشيطان، والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يخرجه\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٢ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٤٩٥) - وعنه ابن حبان (٣٧٢) - من طريق الليث ابن سعد به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٢٠: سنده صحيح.\n(^٤) سهم غرب: لا يعرف راميه. النهاية ٣/ ٣٥٠، وتقدم في (١٢٣٣٧).","vol":"18","page":547},{"text":"عبد اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، حدثنا أنَسُ بن مالكٍ أن [أُمَّ الرُّبَيِّعِ بنتَ البَراءِ] (^١) وهِيَ أُمُّ حارِثَةَ بنِ سُراقَةَ أتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا نَبِيَّ الله، ألا تُخبِرُنِي عن حارِثَةَ - وكانَ قُتِلَ يَومَ بَدرٍ؛ أصابَه سَهمُ غَربٍ - فإِن كان في الجَنَّةِ صَبَرتُ، وإِن كان غَيرَ ذَلِكَ اجتَهَدتُ عَلَيه البُكاءَ؟ قال: \"يا أُمَّ حارِثَةَ، إنَّها جِنانٌ في الجَنَّة، وإنَّ ابنَكِ أصابَ الفِردَوسَ الأعلَى\". قال قَتادَةُ: الفِردَوسُ رَبوَةٌ في الجَنَّةِ وأَوسَطُها وأفضلُها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ عن حُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3903>بابُ مَن يُسلِمُ فيُقتَلُ مَكانَه في سَبيلِ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٨٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن موسَى، أخبرَنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأَنَّكَ عبدُه ورسولُه. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فقاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ. وقال ابن حجر في الفتح ٦/ ٢٦: كذا لجميع رواة البخاري، وهو وَهْمٌ ... وإنما هي الرُّبَيِّع بنت النضر.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٤١) من طريق حسين بن محمد به. والترمذي (٣١٧٤)، وابن حبان (٩٥٨) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨٠٩).","vol":"18","page":548},{"text":"\"عَمِلَ هذا يَسيرًا وأُجِرَ كثيرًا\" (^١). رواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ جَنابٍ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: أتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ مُقَنَّعٌ بالحَديدِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، أُقاتِلُ أو أُسلِمُ؟ قال: \"لا، بَل أسلِمْ ثُمَّ قاتِلْ\". فأَسلَمَ، فقاتَلَ فقُتِلَ، فقالَ: \"هذا عَمِلَ قَليلًا وأُجِرَ كَثيرًا\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحيمِ عن شَبابَةَ عن إسرائيلَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن عمرَو بنَ أُقَيشٍ كان له رِبًا في الجاهِليَّة، فكَرِهَ أن يُسلِمَ حَتَّى يأخُذَه، فجاءَ يَومَ أُحُدٍ فقالَ: أينَ بَنو عَمِّي؟ فقالوا: بأُحُدٍ. فقالَ: أينَ فُلانٌ؟ قالوا: بأُحُدٍ. قال: أينَ فُلانٌ؟ قالوا: بأُحُدٍ. فلَبِسَ لأمَتَه (^٥) ورَكِبَ فرَسَه ثُمَّ تَوَجَّهَ قِبَلَهُم،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٥٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٠٠/ ١٤٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٣١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٦٥)، وابن حبان (٤٦٠١) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٠٨).\n(^٥) اللأمة: الدرع. النهاية ٤/ ٢٢٠.","vol":"18","page":549},{"text":"فلَمّا رآه المُسلِمونَ قالوا: إلَيكَ عَنّا يا عمرُو. فقالَ: إنِّي قَد آمَنتُ. فقاتَلَ حَتَّى جُرِحَ، فحُمِلَ إلَى أهلِه جَريحًا، فجاءَه سَعدُ بن مُعاذٍ فقالَ لأُختِه: سَليه: حَميَّةً لِقَومِكَ، أم غَضَبًا لَهُم، أم غَضَبًا للهِ ورسولِه؟ فقالَ: بَل غَضَبًا للهِ ورسولِه. فماتَ فدَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ وما صَلَّى للهِ صلاةً (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3904>بابُ بَيانِ النِّيَّةِ التي يُقاتِلُ عَلَيها ليَكونَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٨٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ وصالِحُ بن محمدٍ الرّازِيُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بن الحَجّاج، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: الرَّجُلُ يُقاتِلُ لِلمَغنَم، والرَّجُلُ يُقاتِلُ لِلذِّكر، والرَّجُلُ يُقاتِلُ ليُعرَفَ، فمَن في سَبيلِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَن قاتَلَ لِتَكونَ كَلِمَةُ اللهِ هِيَ العُليا فهو في سبيلِ اللهِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه هو ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٨٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٣ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٣٧) عن موسى بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٩٦)، وأبو داود (٥١٧)، والنسائي (٣١٣٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٨١٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٢٦)، ومسلم (١٩٠٤/ ١٤٩).","vol":"18","page":550},{"text":"أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِيَّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ الضَّريرُ، عن الأعمَش، عن شَقيقٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، الرَّجُلُ يُقاتِلُ شَجاعَةً ويُقاتِلُ حَميَّةً ويُقاتِلُ رياءً، فأَيُّ ذَلِكَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قاتَلَ لِتَكونَ كَلِمَةُ اللهِ هِيَ العُليا فهو في سبيلِ اللهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن وهبٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بن محمدٍ (^٤) الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ محمدُ بن الهَيثَمِ القاضي، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بن شُرَيحٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٦)، والأسماء والصفات (٣٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٤٣)، والترمذي (١٦٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٨٣) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٦٣٦) من طريق محمد بن كثير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٤٥٨)، ومسلم (١٩٠٤/ ١٥٠).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"أحمد\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٤٦٤.","vol":"18","page":551},{"text":"الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليد، حَدَّثَنِي بَحيرُ بن سَعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن أبي بَحريَّةَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"الغَزوُ غَزوانِ؛ فأَمّا مَنِ ابتَغَى وجهَ اللهِ ﷿، وأَطاعَ الإمامَ، وأَنفَقَ الكَريمَةَ، وياسَرَ (^١) الشَّريكَ، واجتَنَبَ الفَسادَ، فإِنَّ نَومَه ونُبْهَه أجرٌ كُلُّه، وأَمّا مَن غَزا فخرًا ورياءً وسُمعَةً، وعَصَى الإمامَ، وأَفسَدَ في الأرض، فإِنَّه لَن يَرجِعَ بكَفافٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَضرَمِيِّ. وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: عن أبي بَحريَّةَ عبد اللهِ بنِ قَيسٍ. وقالَ في آخِرَه: \"وعَصَى الإمامَ، ولَم يُنفِقِ الكَريمَةَ، لَم يَرجِعْ بالكفافِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن أبي الوَضّاح، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ رافِعٍ، [عن حَنَانِ] (^٣) بنِ خارِجَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ الله، أخبِرْني عن الجِهادِ والغَزوِ. فقالَ: \"يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو، إن قاتَلتَ صابِرًا مُحتَسِبًا بَعَثَكَ اللهُ صابِرًا مُحتَسِبًا، وإن قاتَلتَ مُرائيًا مُكاثِرًا بَعَثَكَ اللهُ مُرائيًا مُكاثِرًا، يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو، على أيِّ حالٍ قاتَلتَ أو قُتِلتَ بَعَثَكَ اللهُ على تِلكَ الحالِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"وباشر\". وقوله: \"وياسر الشريك\". يريد مساهلته وموافقته وترك مشاحته. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٥ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٤٢)، وأبو داود (٢٥١٥) من طريق حيوة بن شريح به. والنسائي (٣١٨٨، ٤٢٠٦) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"بن حبان\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١١٢ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٥١٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. والطيالسى (٢٣٩١) من طريق محمد بن أبي الوضاح به مطولًا.","vol":"18","page":552},{"text":"١٨٥٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الإيَادِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ بنِ خَلَّادٍ النَّصيبِيُّ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يوسُفَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: تَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ عن أبي هريرةَ، فقالَ له ناتِلٌ (^١) أخو أهلِ الشّامِ: يا أبا هريرةَ، حَدِّثْنا حَديثًا سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"أوَّلُ النّاسِ يُقضَى فيه يَومَ القيامَةِ ثَلَاثةٌ، رَجُلٌ استُشهِدَ، أُتِيَ به فعَرَّفَه نِعَمَه فعَرَفَها، فقالَ: ما عَمِلتَ فيها؟ قال: قاتَلتُ في سَبيلِكَ حَتَّى استُشهِدتُ. قال: كَذَبتَ، إنَّما أرَدتَ أن يُقالَ: فُلانٌ جَرِيءٌ. فقَد قيلَ. فأُمِرَ به فسُحِبَ على وجهِه حَتَّى أُلقِيَ في النّار، ورَجُلٌ تَعَلَّمَ العِلمَ وقَرأ القُرآنَ، فأُتِيَ به، فعَرَّفَه نِعَمَه فعَرَفَها، فقال: ما عَمِلتَ فيها؟ قال: تَعَلَّمتُ العِلمَ وقَرأتُ القُرآنَ وعَلَّمتُه فيكَ. قال: كَذَبتَ، إنَّما أرَدتَ أن يُقالَ: فُلانٌ عالِمٌ وفُلانٌ قارِئٌ. فقَد قيلَ. فأُمِرَ به فسُحِبَ على وجهِه إلَى النّار، ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ مِن أنواعِ المال، فأُتِيَ به فعَرَّفَه نِعَمَه فعَرَفَها، فقال: ما عَمِلتَ فيها؟ فقال: ما تَرَكتُ مِن شَئٍ تُحِبُّ أن يُنفَقَ فيه إلَّا أنفَقتُ فيه لَكَ. قال: كَذَبتَ، إنَّما أرَدتَ أن يُقالَ: فُلانٌ جَوَادٌ. فقَد قيلَ. فأُمِرَ به فسُحِبَ على وجهِه حَتَّى أُلقِيَ في النّارِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في ص ٨، م: \"نابل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٢٧٧)، والنسائي (٨٠٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٠٥/ ١٥٢، وعقبه).","vol":"18","page":553},{"text":"١٨٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ يَعنِي ابنَ سيرينَ، عن أبي العَجفاءِ قال: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ النّاسَ قال: وأُخرَى تَقولونَها لِمَن قُتِلَ في مَغازيكُم هذه: قُتِلَ فُلانٌ شَهيدًا، وماتَ فُلانٌ شَهيدًا. ولَعَلَّه يَكونُ قَد أوقَرَ دَفَّتَى راحِلَتِه ذَهَبًا أو ورِقًا يَبتَغِي الدُّنيا - أو قال: التِّجارَةَ - فلا تَقولوا ذَلِكُم، ولكن قولوا كما قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قُتِلَ في سَبيلِ اللهِ أو ماتَ فهو في الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بن القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عليٍّ الغزّالُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ المُبارَك، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن القاسِمِ هو ابنُ عباسٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن ابنِ مِكرَزٍ رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ - وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ شَقيقٍ: عن أيّوبَ بنِ مِكرَزٍ - عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ الله، رَجُلٌ يُريدُ الجِهادَ في سَبيلِ الله، وهو يَبتَغِي عَرَضًا مِن عَرَضِ الدُّنيا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا أجرَ له\". فسألَه الثانيَةَ والثّالِثَةَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا أجرَ له\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ شَقيقٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣٠٤٠).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٥ وصححه، وأبو داود (٢٥١٦)، وابن المبارك في الجهاد (٢٢٧)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٦٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٠٠، ٨٧٩٣) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.","vol":"18","page":554},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهذه الأخبار وما أشبهها تحتمل أن تكون فيمن لا ينوى بغَزوِه إلا الدنيا وما يرجع إلى أسبابها، فأما من يبتغي الأجر ويرجو أن يصيب غنيمةً فقد:\n\n١٨٥٩٢ - أخبرنا أبو الحسين بن الفضل القطان ببغداد، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر بن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب بن سُفيان، حدثنا أبو صالح، حدثني معاوية بن صالحٍ أن ضمرة بن حبيبٍ حدَّثه عن ابن زُغْبٍ الإياديِّ قال: نزل بي عبد الله بن حَوالَة صاحب النبي - ﷺ -، وقد بلغنا أنه فُرض له في المائتين فأبى إلا مائة. قال: قلت له: أحقُّ ما بلغنا أنه فرض لك في مائتين فأبيت إلا مائة؟ والله ما منعه وهو نازلٌ عليّ أن يقول: لا أُمَّ لك، أو لا يكفي ابن حوالة مائة كل عام؟ ثم أنشأ يحدثنا عن رسول الله - ﷺ -؛ قال: إن رسول الله - ﷺ - بعثنا على أقدامنا حول المدينة لتغنم، فقدِمنا ولم تغنم شيئًا، فلمّا رأى رسول الله - ﷺ - الذي بنا من الجهد قال رسول الله - ﷺ -: \"اللهم لا تكلهم إليَّ فأضعُف عنهم، ولا تكلهم إلى الناس فيهونوا عليهم أو (^١) يستأثروا عليهم، ولا تكلهم إلى أنفسهم فيعجزوا عنها، ولكن تؤخذ بأرزاقهم\". ثم قال: \"لتُفتحنَّ (^٢) لكم الشّام، ثم لتقتسِمُنَّ (^٣) كنوز فارس والروم، وليكوننَّ الأخير لأحدكم من المال كذا وكذا، حتى إن أحدكم ليُعطى مائة دينار فيسخطها\". ثم وضع يده على رأسى\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"و\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ليفتحن\".\n(^٣) في م: \"لتقسمن\".","vol":"18","page":555},{"text":"فقالَ: \"يا ابنَ حَوالَةَ، إذا رأيتَ الخِلافَةَ قَد نَزَلَتِ الأرضَ المُقَدَّسَةَ فقَد أتَتِ الزَّلازِلُ والبَلابِلُ والأُمورُ العِظامُ، والسّاعَةُ أقرَبُ إلَى النّاسِ مِن يَدِي هذه مِن رأسِكَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3905>بابُ ما جاءَ في السَّريَّةِ تُخفِقُ، وهو أن تَغزوَ فلا تَغنَمَ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٨٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العباسُ بن عبد اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، عن أبي هانِئٍ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُليِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال. (ح) وأخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو هانئٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ الحُبُليَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما مِن غازيَةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ اللهِ فيُصيبونَ غَنيمَةً إلَّا تَعَجَّلوا ثُلُثَي أجرِهِم مِنَ الآخِرَة، ويَبقَى لَهُمُ الثُّلُثُ، وإِن لَم يُصيبوا غَنيمَةً تَمَّ لَهُم أجرُهُم\" (^٢). لَيسَ في حَديثِ ابنِ يوسُفَ: \"مِنَ الآخِرَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٢٨، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٦٦. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٤٣٦، ٤٣٧، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٠١٩) من طريق أبي صالح عبد الله بن صالح به. وأحمد (٢٢٤٨٧)، وأبو داود (٢٥٣٥) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢١٠).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٧٧) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. وأبو داود (٢٤٩٧)، والنسائي (٣١٢٥) من طريق حيوة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٨٥) من طريق حيوة به.","vol":"18","page":556},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن المُقرِئَ عن حَيوَةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3906>بابُ تَمَنِّي الشَّهادَةِ ومَسأَلَتِها</span>\n\n١٨٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَني سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَولا أنَّ رِجالًا مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ لا تَطيبُ أنفُسُهُم أن يَتَخَلَّفوا عَنِّي ولا أجِدُ ما أحمِلُهُم عَلَيه، ما تَخَلَّفتُ عن سَريَّةٍ تَغزو في سَبيلِ الله، والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه، لَوَدِدتُ أنِّي (^٢) أُقتَلُ في سَبيلِ الله، ثُمَّ أُحيا ثُمَّ أُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ أُحيا ثُمَّ أُقتَلُ، ثُمَّ أُحيا ثُمَّ أُقتَلُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن شُرَيحٍ أن سَهلَ بنَ أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال. \"مَن سألَ اللهَ الشَّهادَةَ بصِدقٍ بَلَّغَه اللهُ مَنازِلَ الشُّهَداءِ وإن ماتَ على فِراشِه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٠٦/ ١٥٣).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٥٢) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٧٩٧).\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٧٧، وأخرجه أبو داود (١٥٢٠)، والنسائي (١٣٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٩٧)، وابن حبان (٣١٩٢) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به. والترمذي (١٦٥٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن شريح به.","vol":"18","page":557},{"text":"أبي الطّاهِرِ وحَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَبدِ الجَبّار، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّماديُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى: حدثنا مالكُ بن يُخامِرَ أن مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن قاتَلَ في سبيلِ اللهِ مِن رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ فُواقَ ناقَةٍ (^٢) فقَد وجَبَت له الجَنَّةُ، ومَن سألَ اللهَ القَتلَ مِن عِندِ نَفسِه صادِقًا ثُمَّ ماتَ أو قُتِلَ فلَه أجرُ شَهيدٍ، ومَن جُرِحَ جُرحًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ أو نُكِبَ نَكبَةً فإِنَّها تَجِيءُ يَومَ القيامَةِ كأغزَرِ ما كانَت، لَونُها كالزَّعفَرانِ وريحُها كالمِسك، ومَن جُرِحَ (^٣) في سبيلِ اللهِ فعَلَيه طابَعُ الشُّهَداءِ\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٥٩٧ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَني سُلَيمانُ بن موسَى، حدثنا مالكُ بن يُخامِرَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٠٩/ ١٥٧) عن أبي الطاهر، و(١٩٠٨/ ١٥٦) عن ابن وهب.\n(^٢) فواق الناقة: حلبها ساعة بعد ساعة لتدر أثناء ذلك. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٥.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"خرج\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية بخط الحافظ: ومن خرج به خراج\". ومعنى جرج: اضطرب. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٩٥٣٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٢٠١٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٣١٤١) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٩٤٤).","vol":"18","page":558},{"text":"وكذلك رواه أبو عاصم وروح بن عبادة عن ابن جريجٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٥٩٨ - وقد أخبرنا أبو الحسن ابن عبدان، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبيدٍ، حدثنا أحمد بن عليٍّ الخزّازُ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن سهمٍ الأنطاكيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن محمدٍ الفَزاريُّ، عن ابن جُريجٍ، عن سليمان بن موسى، عن عبد الله بن مالك بن يُخامر، عن أبيه مالك بن يُخامر، عن مُعاذ بن جبلٍ قال: قال رسول الله - ﷺ -: \"من سأل الله الشهادة صادقًا من قلبه فمات أو قُتِل فله أجرُ شهيدٍ، ومن جُرِح جُرحًا في سبيل الله جاء يوم القيامة يَدمَى، اللون لونُ دمٍ والرِّيحُ ريحُ مسكٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٥٩٩ - وأخبرنا عليُّ بن أحمد بن عبدان، أخبرنا أحمد بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحسنُ بن سعيدٍ الموصليُّ، حدثنا غسّانُ بن الرَّبيع، حدثنا عبد الرَّحمن، عن أبيه، عن مكحولٍ، عن مالك بن يُخامرَ، عن معاذ بن جبلٍ أنَّه قال: قال رسول الله - ﷺ -: \"مَن قاتَلَ في سبيل اللهِ فُواقَ ناقَةٍ وجبت له الجنَّةُ\". ثُمَّ ذكَرَ ما بَعدَه نَحو حديثِ عبد الرَّزّاق (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٧٩٢) من طريق الضحاك بن مخلد (أبي عاصم) به. وأحمد (٢٢١١٦)، والترمذي (١٦٥٤، ١٦٥٧) من طريق روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣١٨٥) من طريق محمد بن عبد الرحمن به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٤١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن ثوبان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢١٦).","vol":"18","page":559},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3907>بابُ الشَّجاعَةِ والجُبنِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، حدثنا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ وأبو الرَّبيعِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن عبد الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ النّاس، وكانَ أجوَدَ النّاس، وكانَ أشجَعَ النّاسِ. قال: وفَزعَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ لَيلَةً فانطَلَقوا قِبَلَ الصَّوتِ. قال: فتَلَقّاهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على فرَسٍ لأبِي طَلحَةَ عُرْيٍ - ما عَلَيه شَئٌ - والسَّيفُ في عُنُقِه. قال: \"لَن تُراعُوا\". فإِذا هو قَدِ استَبرأ الخَبَرَ وسَبَقَهُم وقالَ: \"وجَدناه بَحْرًا (^١) \". أو قال: \"إنَّه لَبَحْرٌ\". قال: وكانَ فرَسًا ثَبِطًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَبِي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه كان يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنَ الجُبنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بحرًا: أي واسع الجري. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٥٠٥.\n(^٢) ثبطًا: ثقيلًا بطيئًا. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٠٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٩٤)، والترمذي (١٦٨٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٨٢٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٧٢)، وابن حبان (٦٣٦٩) من طرق عن حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٠٨)، ومسلم (٢٣٠٧/ ٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٥، ١٦٢١)، والبخارى (٢٨٢٢)، والترمذي (٣٥٦٧)، والنسائي (٥٤٦٠)،=","vol":"18","page":560},{"text":"١٨٦٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بن نَصرُويَه المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى بنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُلَيِّ بنِ رَباحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هُرَيرَة يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"شَرُّ ما في الرَّجُلِ شُحٌّ هالِعٌ وجُبنٌ خالِعٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حَسَّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن عُمَرَ قال: الشَّجاعَةُ والجُبنُ غَرائزُ في النّاس، تَلقَى الرَّجُلَ يُقاتِلُ عَمَّن لا يَعرِفُ، وتَلقَى الرَّجُلَ يَفِرُّ عن أبيه، والحَسَبُ المالُ، والكَرَمُ التَّقوَى، لَستَ بأَخيَرَ مِن فارِسِيٍّ ولا عَجَمِيٍّ إلَّا بالتَّقوَى (^٢).\n_________\n= وابن خزيمة (٧٤٦)، وابن حبان (١٠٠٤) من طرق عن سعد بن أبي وقاص. وتقدم حديث أنس في (١٢٨٨٣).\n(^١) شح هالع: شح محزن، وهو أشد الجزع، والجبن الخالع: الذي يخلع القلب من شدته. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ١٦٢، ١٦٣.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (١٠٩)، والفاكهى في فوائده (١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٥١١)، وابن حبان (٣٢٥٠) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢١٩٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٥٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٣١٥٦) من طريق أبي إسحاق به بنحوه.","vol":"18","page":561},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3908>بابُ فضلِ النَّفَقَةِ (^١) في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٨٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَني حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أنفَقَ زَوجَينِ في شَئٍ مِنَ الأشياءِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ دُعِيَ مِن أبوابِ الجَنَّةِ: يا عبدَ اللهِ هذا خَيرٌ. وللجَنَّةِ أبوابٌ، فمَن كان مِن أهلِ الصَّلاةِ دُعِيَ مِن بابِ الصَّلاة، ومَن كان مِن أهلِ الجِهادِ دُعِيَ مِن بابِ الجِهاد، ومَنْ كان مِن أهلِ الصَّدَقَةِ دُعِيَ مِن بابِ الصَّدَقَة، ومَن كان مِن أهلِ الصّيامِ دُعِيَ مِن بابِ الصّيامِ بابِ الرَّيّانِ\". قال أبو بكرٍ: ما على مَن يُدعَى مِن تِلكَ الأبوابِ مِن ضَرورَةٍ. وقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، هَل يُدعَى مِنها كُلَّها أحَدٌ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم، وأَرجو أن تَكونَ مِنهُم يا أبا بكرٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمان، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِي ابنَ حسّانَ، عن الحَسَن، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الإنفاق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٢٤٣٨)، وابن حبان (٣٤١٨) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (٧٦٣٣)، والترمذي (٣٦٧٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٤٨٠) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٦٦٦)، ومسلم (١٠٢٧/ ٨٥).","vol":"18","page":562},{"text":"صَعصَعَةَ بن مُعاوية قال: لقيتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقودُ جَملًا له أو يسوقُه، في عُنقهِ قِربَةٌ فقلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ ما مالُكَ (^١)؟ قال: لي عملي. فقلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ ما مالُكَ (^١)؟ قال: لي عملي. قال: قلتُ: يا أبا ذَرٍّ ما مالك؟ قال: لي عملي. ثلاث مرَّاتٍ. قال: قُلتُ: ألا تُحدِّثُني شيئًا سمعته من رسول الله - ﷺ -؟ قال: سمعتُ رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: \"ما مِن مُسلِمَينِ يموتُ لهما ثلاثةٌ - يعني من الوَلدِ - لَم يبلُغوا الحِنثَ إلا أدخلَهُما الجنَّةَ بفضلِ رحمته إيّاهُم، وما من مسلمٍ أنفق زَوجَين من مالِه في سبيل اللهِ إلا ابتدرته حَجَبَةُ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٠٥ - وأخبرنا أبو الحسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بن عبدانَ، أخبرنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عيسَى الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عَونٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن منصورٍ ويونُسَ، عن الحسنِ. فذكره بمعناه زاد: \"إلا استقبلته حَجَبَةُ الجَنَّةِ كُلُّهُم يدعوه إلى ما قِبَلَه\". قُلتُ: كيف ذاك؟ قال: إن كان رِحالًا فرَحلَين، وإن كانت إيلًا فبَعيرَين، وإن كانت غنمًا فشاتَين (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٠٦ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحسَنِ بنِ فُورَك، أخبرنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جعفرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جريرُ بن حازمٍ، عن بشّارِ بن أبي سَيفٍ، عن الوليد بن عبد الرَّحمن، عن غُضَيف بن الحارثِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لك\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤٥٣) من طريق هشام بن حسان به. وابن حبان (٢٩٤٠، ٤٦٤٣، ٤٦٤٥) من طريق الحسن به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٤١)، والنسائي (١٨٧٣) من طريق يونس به مختصرًا. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (١٧٦٨).","vol":"18","page":563},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ فاضِلَةً فسَبعُمِائَةٍ، ومَن أنفَقَ على نَفسِه - أو قال: على أهلِه - أو عادَ مَريضًا، أو أماطَ أذًى، فالحَسَنَةُ بعَشرِ أمثالِها، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ ما لَم يَخرِقْها، ومَنِ ابتَلاه اللهُ ببَلاءٍ في جَسَدِه فلَه حِطَّةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أخبرَنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، حدثنا بَشّارُ بن أبي سَيفٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ. قال يَزيدُ: وأخبرَنا هِشامُ بن حَسّانَ، عن واصلٍ مَولَى أبي عُيَينَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ قال: دَخَلنا على أبي عُبَيدَةَ بنِ الجَرّاحِ في مَرَضه الَّذِي ماتَ فيه وعِندَه امرأتُه تُحَيفَةُ، ووَجهُه مِمّا يَلِي الحائطَ فقُلنا: كَيفَ باتَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ؟ فقالَت: باتَ بأَجرٍ. فالتَفَتَ إلَينا فقالَ: ما بتُّ بأَجرٍ. فساءَنا ذَلِكَ وسَكَتنا فقالَ: ألا تَسأَلونَ عَمّا قُلتُ؟ فقُلنا (^٢): ما سَرَّنا ذَلِكَ فنَسأَلَكَ عنه. فقالَ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أنفَقَ نَفَقَةً فاضِلَةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ فبِسَبعِمِائَةِ ضِعفٍ، ومَن أنفَقَ على نَفسِه وأَهلِه، أو مازَ (^٣) أذًى عن الطَّريق، أو تَصَدَّقَ بصَدَقَةٍ، فحَسَنَةٌ بعَشرِ أمثالِها، والصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ ما لَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٥٧٢). وعنده: غطيف. بدلًا من: غضيف. والطيالسي (٢٢٤).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فقلت\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أماط\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"أماز\".\nوماز الأذى وأمازه: نحاه وأزاله. ينظر التاج ١٥/ ٣٤٠ (م ي ز).","vol":"18","page":564},{"text":"يَخرِقْها، ومَنِ ابتَلاه اللهُ ببَلاءٍ في جَسَدِه فهو له حِطَّةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ ابنِ أسماءَ، أخبرَنا مَهدِيُّ بن مَيمونٍ، حدثنا واصلٌ مَولَى أبي عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي سَيفٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، رَجُلٍ مِن فُقَهاءِ أهلِ الشّام، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبي عُيَينَةَ، عن بَشّارِ بنِ أبي سَيفٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عياضِ بنِ غُطَيفٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ. بهَذا الحديثِ (^٢).\nورَواه سُلَيمُ بن عامِرٍ أن غُضَيفَ بنَ الحارِثِ حَدَّثهُم عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ قال: الوَصَبُ يُكَفَّرُ به مِنَ الخَطايا (^٣).\nقالَ البخاريُّ: الصحيحُ: غُضَيفُ بن الحارِثِ الشّامِيُّ (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن خزيمة (١٨٩٢) من طريق جرير به. وينظر التخريج التالي.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٨٧٨) - ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٢٥٩ - من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به. وتقدم في (٦٦١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٢٠ من طريق سليم بن عامر به.\n(^٤) ينظر التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٢٠.","vol":"18","page":565},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحسنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن زائدَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي عمرٍو الشَّيبانيِّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بناقَةٍ مَخطومَةٍ (^١) فقالَ: هِيَ لِي يا رسولَ الله، هذه في سَبيلِ اللهِ. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَكَ بها يَومَ القيامَةِ سَبعُمِائَةٍ كُلُّها مَخطومَةٌ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شيبة عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عمرُو بن الحارِث، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنيِّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن جَهَّزَ غازيًا في سبيلِ اللهِ فقَد غَزا، ومَن خَلَفَه في أهلِه بخَيرٍ فقَد غَزا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه كما مَضَى (^٦).\n\n١٨٦١١ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطِّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ\n_________\n(^١) مخطومة: أي فيها خطام، وهو قريب من الزمام. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٣/ ٣٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٧٣)، وابن أبي عاصم في الجهاد (٧٩)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٢٩ (٦٣٥) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٩٢/ عقب ١٣٢).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٧٨٩٩، ١٧٩٩٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٩٥/ ١٣٥).\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٨٤٣)، ومسلم (١٨٩٥/ ١٣٦). وتقدم في (١٧٨٩٩).","vol":"18","page":566},{"text":"﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحكم، أخبرَنا أبي وشُعَيبُ بن اللَّيثِ قالا: أخبرَنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ أبي الوَليد، عن عثمانَ بنِ سُراقَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن أظَلَّ رَأسَ غازِي أظَلَّه اللهُ يَومَ القيامَة، ومن جَهَّزَ غازيًا حَتَّى يَستَقِلَّ كان له مِثْلُ أجرِه حَتَّى يَموتَ أو يَرجِعَ، ومَن بَنَى مَسْجِدًا يُذكَرُ فيه اسمُ اللهِ بنى اللهُ لهُ بيتًا في الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦١٢ - وأخبرنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو زكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو العباسِ الشّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ. فذكَروا الحديثَ بمِثلِه، وزادوا: قال: وقالَ الوَليدُ: فذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ فقالَ: قَد بَلَغَنِي هذا الحديثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فذَكَرتُه لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ ولِزَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، فكِلاهُما قَد قال: بَلَغَنِي هذا عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢).\n\n١٨٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الرَّزّاقُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبيدَةُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بن قيسٍ، عن نُبَيحٍ العَنَزِيِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه أرادَ أن يَغزوَ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ المُهاجِرينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٥٨) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وفي الزوائد: إسناده صحيح إن كان عثمان بن عبد الله سمع من عمر بن الخطاب ﵁، فقد قال في التهذيب: إن روايته عنه مرسلة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٤٢٧٦).","vol":"18","page":567},{"text":"والأنصار، إنَّ مِن إخوانِكُم قَومًا لَيسَ لَهُم مالٌ ولا عَشيرَةٌ، فليَضُمَّ أحَدُكُم إلَيه الرَّجُلَينِ أوِ الثَّلاثَةَ\". فما لأحَدِنا مِن ظَهرِ جَمَلٍ إلَّا عُقبَةٌ (^١) كَعُقبَةِ أحَدِهِم. قال: فضَمَمتُ إلَيَّ اثنَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً ما لي [إلَّا عُقبَةٌ] (^٢) كَعُقبَةِ أحَدِهِم (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3909>بابُ فضلِ الذِّكرِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٨٦١٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ وسَعيدُ بن أبي أيّوبَ، عن زَبّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ أنَسٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ الصَّلاةَ والصّيامَ والذِّكرَ تُضاعَفُ على النَّفَقَةِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ بسَبعِمِائَةِ ضِعفٍ\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٦١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد الله، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، عن زَبّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قرأَ ألفَ آيَةٍ في سَبيلِ اللهِ كَتَبَه اللهُ مَعَ النَّبيّينَ والصِّدِّيقينَ والشُّهَداءِ والصّالِحينَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عقبة: أي نوبة ووقت ركوب. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عقبة إلا\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٩٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٦٣)، وأبو داود (٢٥٣٤) من طريق عبيدة بن حميد به.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٩٠ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٤٩٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٥٦١٣) من طريق زبان بن فائد به بنحوه.\n(^٥) الحاكم ٢/ ٨٧. ٨٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦١١) من طريق زبان بن فائد به.","vol":"18","page":568},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3910>بابُ فضلِ الصَّومِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٨٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن مَنصورٍ وسَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ وسُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ أنَّهُما سَمِعا النُّعمانَ بنَ أبي عَيّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن صامَ يَومًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ باعَدَ اللهُ وجهَه عن النّارِ سبعينَ خَريفًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبد الرَّزّاق، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3911>بابُ تَشييعِ الغازِي وتَوديعِهِ</span>\n\n١٨٦١٧ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بن محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا المُطعِمُ بن المِقدام، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: خَرَجتُ إلَى الغَزوِ فشَيَّعَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، فلَمّا أرادَ فِراقَنا قال: إنَّه لَيسَ مَعِي ما أُعطيكُماه، ولَكِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللهَ إذا استُودِعَ شَيئًا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٩٦٨٥)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٢٢٤٩). وتقدم في (٨٥٢٨) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٤٠)، ومسلم (١١٥٣/ ١٦٨).","vol":"18","page":569},{"text":"حَفِظَه، وأَنا أستَودِعُ اللهَ دَينَكُما وأَماناتِكُما وخَواتيمَ أعمالِكُما\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، عن زَبّانَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبيه، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لأن أُشَيِّعَ مُجاهِدًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ فأَكَنُفَه (^٢) على رَحلِه غَدوَةً أو رَوحَةً، أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٦١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَن، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو الفَيضِ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جابِرٍ الرُّعَينِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ شَيَّعَ جَيشًا فمَشَى مَعَهُم فقالَ: الحَمدُ للهِ الذِي اغبَرَّت أقدامُنا في سَبيلِ اللهِ. فقبلَ له: وكَيفَ اغبَرَّت وإِنَّما شَيَّعناهُم؟! فقالَ: إنّا جَهَّزناهُم وشَيَّعناهُم ودَعونا لَهُم (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3912>بابُ ما جاءَ في حُرمَةِ نِساءِ المُجاهِدينَ</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١٠٣٤٣)، وابن حبان (٢٦٩٣) من طريق الهيثم بن حميد به.\n(^٢) كنفت الرجل: إذا قمت بأمره وجعلته في كنفك. النهاية ٤/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٨٣٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٩٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٦٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٢٤) من طريق زبان بن فائد به. وفي الزوائد: في إسناده ابن لهيعة وشيخه زبان بن فائد، وهما ضعيفان.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٩٧٥٢) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"18","page":570},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن منصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قَعنَبٍ، عن عَلقمةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُرمَةُ نساءِ المُجاهدينَ على القاعِدينَ كَحُرمَةِ أُمَّهاتِهم، وما مِن رَجُلٍ مِنَ القاعِدينَ يخلُفُ رَجُلًا في أهلِه إلَّا نُصِبَ له يوم القيامة فقيل: هذا خَلَفَكَ في أهلِكَ؛ فخُذْ مِن حَسَناتِه ما شِئتَ\". فالتَفَتَ إلينا رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فقال: ما ظَنُّكُم؟ \" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا قَعنَبٌ التَّميمِيُّ وكانَ ثِقَةً خِيارًا. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فيُقالُ له: يا فُلانُ، هذا فُلانُ بن فُلانٍ خانَكَ؛ فخُذْ مِن حَسَناتِه ما شِئتَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ منصورٍ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ ومِسعَرٍ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3913>بابُ الاستِئذانِ في القُفولِ بَعدَ النَّهي</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بن حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: ﴿عَفَا اللَّهُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٤٩٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٣٣١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٧٧)، والنسائي (٣١٩١)، وابن حبان (٤٦٣٤) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أحمد: \"في أهله فيخونه\". وعند ابن حبان: \"في أهله بسوء\". وهو يفسر الروايات المطلقة.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٩٠٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٩٧/ ١٤٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٩٧/ ١٣٩، وعقبه).","vol":"18","page":571},{"text":"عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ (٤٣) لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ (٤٤) إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٤٣ - ٤٥] نَسَخَتها التي في النّورِ: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ (^١) [النور: ٦٢].\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عَطيَّةُ بن سَعدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\nوبِمَعناه قال قَتادَةُ، قال: رَخَّصَ له ههُنا بَعدَ ما قال له: ﴿عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ﴾ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3914>بابُ الإذنِ بالقُفولِ وكَراهيَةِ الطَّرقِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى في ذَلِكَ حَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وغَيرِهِما في آخِرِ كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٧١). وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٤١٤) من طريق آخر عن عكرمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٠٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٠٠٧٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤٧٨.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٤٦٣ - ١٠٤٦٧، ١٠٤٧٤).","vol":"18","page":572},{"text":"الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَدِمَ مِن غَزوِه (^١) قال: \"لا تَطرُقوا النِّساءَ\". وأَرسَلَ مَن يُؤذِنُ النّاسَ أنَّه قادِمٌ الغَدَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3915>بابُ البِشارَةِ في الفُتوحِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، عن يَحيَى، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي قَيسُ بن أبي حازِمٍ قال: قال لِي جَريرُ بن عبد اللهِ: قال لي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ألا تُريحُنِي مِن ذِي الخَلَصَةِ (^٣)؟ \". وكانوا يُسَمّونَها كَعبَةَ اليَمانيَةِ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ في خَمسينَ ومِائَةِ فارِسٍ مِن أحمَسَ، وكُنتُ لا أثبُتُ على الخَيلِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فضرَبَ بيَدِه في صَدرِي حَتَّى إنِّي لأنظُرُ إلَى أثَرِ أصابِعِه في صَدرِي فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْه، واجعَلْه هاديًا مَهديًّا\". قال: فانطَلَقَ فكَسَرَها وحَرَّقَها بالنّار، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ حُصَينَ بنَ رَبيعَةَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يُبَشِّرُه فقالَ: والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ ما جِئتُكَ حَتَّى تَرَكتُها مِثلَ الجَمَلِ الأجرَبِ. فبارَكَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - على خَيلِ أحمَسَ ورِجالِها خَمسَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"غزوة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٠١٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٢١١) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٣) ذو الخلصة: بيت صنم ببلاد دوس. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٦٦، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٨/ ٣٣.","vol":"18","page":573},{"text":"مَرَّاتٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ وأبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - خَلَّفَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وأُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ - ﵄ - على رُقَيَّةَ ابنَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - و- ﵄ - أيَّامَ بَدرٍ، فجاءَ زَيدُ بن حارِثَةَ على العَضباءِ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالبِشارَةِ. قال أُسامَةُ: فسَمِعتُ الهَيعَةَ فخَرَجتُ فإِذا زَيدٌ قَد جاءَ بالبِشارَة، فواللهِ ما صَدَّقتُ حَتَّى رأينا الأُسارَى، فضرَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِعُثمانَ بسَهمِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3916>بابُ ما جاءَ في إعطاءِ البُشَراءِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٦ - حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ بن عبد الواحِد، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ كَعبٍ قائدَ كَعبٍ حينَ عَمِيَ مِن بَنيه قال: سَمِعتُ كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٨٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٧١)، وابن حبان (٧٢٠٢) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٠٢٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٧٦/ ١٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٣٠، ١٣١.","vol":"18","page":574},{"text":"حَديثَه حينَ تَخَلَّفَ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه في تَوبَتِه وإيذانِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بتَوبَةِ اللهِ عَلَيه وعَلَى صاحِبَيه. قال: سَمِعتُ صَوتَ صارخٍ أوفَى على جَبَلِ سَلعٍ: يا كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ أبشِرْ. قال: فخَرَرتُ ساجِدًا وعَرَفتُ أنَّه قَد جاءَ الفَرَجُ. فلَمّا جاءَنِي الَّذِي سَمِعتُ صَوتَه يُبَشِّرُنِي نَزَعتُ ثَوبَيَّ فكَسَوتُهُما إيّاه ببُشراه، وواللهِ ما أملِكُ غَيرَهُما يَومَئذٍ، واستَعَرتُ ثَوبَينِ فلَبِستُهُما وانطَلَقتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3917>بابُ استِقبالِ الغُزاةِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - مِن تَبوكَ خَرَجَ النّاسُ يَتَلقَّونَه إلَى ثَنيَّةِ الوَداع، فخَرَجتُ مَعَ النّاسِ وأَنا غُلامٌ فتَلَقَّيناه (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد الله، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ الصِّبيانِ نَتَلَقَّى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٩٩٠، ٤٤٦٩، ١٧٩٢٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤١٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧١٨) عن ابن أبي عمر به. وأحمد (١٥٧٢١)، والبخارى (٣٠٨٣)، وأبو داود (٢٧٧٩)، وابن حبان (٤٧٩٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"18","page":575},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى ثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ مَقدَمَه مِن غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ. وقالَ سفيانُ مَرَّةً: أذكُرُ مَقدَمَ النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - لَمّا قَدِمَ مِن تَبوكَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3918>بابُ الصَّلاةِ إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ</span>\n\n١٨٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ قال لي: \"ادخُلِ المَسجِدَ فصَلِّ رَكعَتَينِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\nوقَد مَضَى سائرُ الأحاديثِ التي رُويَت في آدابِ السَّفَرِ في آخِرِ كِتابِ الحَجِّ، والأحاديثُ التي رُويَت في الإعدادِ لِلجِهادِ في كِتابِ السَّبقِ والرَّمي، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3919>بابُ قِتالِ اليَهودِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ إملاءً\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ١/ ٢٤٤، ٢٤٥ عن علي بن عبد الله به. وينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٢٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٩٢)، وابن حبان (٢٧١٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٠٨٧)، ومسلم (٧١٥/ ٧٢).","vol":"18","page":576},{"text":"وقِراءَةً، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن محمدٍ الفَرْوِيُّ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"تُقاتِلونَ اليَهودَ حَتَّى يَختَبِئَ أحَدُهُم وراءَ الحَجَر، فيَقولُ: يا عبدَ اللهِ المُسلِمَ هذا يَهودِيٍّ ورائي فاقتُلْه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ محمدٍ الفَرْوِيِّ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3920>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ قِتالِ الرّومِ وقِتالِ اليَهودِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ، عن فرَجِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، عن عبد الخَبيرِ بنِ ثابِتِ بنِ قَيسِ بنِ شَمّاسٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: جاءَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يُقالُ لَها أُمُّ خَلَّادٍ وهِيَ مُتَنَقِّبَةٌ، تَسأَلُ عن ابنٍ لَها وهو مَقتولٌ، فقالَ لَها بَعضُ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: جِئتِ تَسأَلينَ عن ابنِكِ وأَنتِ مُتَنَقِّبَةٌ (^٣)؟! فقالَت: إنْ أُرزَأَ (^٤) ابنِي فلَن أُرزَأَ حَيائي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ابنُكِ له أجرُ شَهيدَينِ\". قالَت: ولِمَ ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"لأنَّه قَتَلَه أهلُ الكِتابِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار في مسنده (٥٥٢٧، ٥٥٢٨) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٢٥)، ومسلم (٢٩٢١/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) في ص ٨، م: \"منتقبة\".\n(^٤) أرزأ: أصب وأفقد. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢١٨.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٤٨٨). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (١٥٩١) من طريق فرج بن فضالة به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٣٢: سنده ضعيف. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٣٥): إسناده ضعيف.","vol":"18","page":577},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3921>بابُ ما جاءَ في قِتالِ الَّذينَ يَنتَعِلونَ الشَّعَرَ، وقِتالِ التُّركِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفرانيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهريِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا أقوامًا نِعالهُمُ الشَّعَرُ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٣٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَن بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّناد، عن الأعرَج، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا تَقومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا قَومًا نِعالُهُمُ الشَّعَرُ، ولا تَقومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا قَومًا صِغارَ الأعيُنِ ذُلْفَ الأُنوفِ (^٢)، كأنَّ وُجوهَهُمُ المَجانُّ المُطرَقَةُ (^٣) \". رَواهُما البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللهِ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواهُما مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\nورَواه شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ فقالَ: \"حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا التُّركَ؛ صِغارَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٣)، وأبو داود (٤٣٠٤)، والترمذي (٢٢١٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٩٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) ذلف الأنوف: قيل: صغار الأنوف. وقيل: فطس الأنوف. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٧٠، والنهاية ٢/ ١٦٥.\n(^٣) المجان المطرقة: هي التروس التي توضع عليها طبقات من العصب الذي يصنع منه الأوتار وطبقات من الجلد. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣١٩.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٠٩٧) من طريق سفيان به. وأحمد (١٠٨٦٠) من طريق أبي الزناد به بطرفه الأول.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٩٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٩١٢/ ٦٤).","vol":"18","page":578},{"text":"الأعيُنِ حُمْرَ الوُجوهِ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٦٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا المَنيعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَبّادٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الأوَّلَ. قال أبو عبد اللهِ يَعنِي محمدَ بنَ عَبّادٍ: بَلَغَنِي أن أصحابَ بابَكَ (^٢) كانَت نِعالُهُمُ الشَّعَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٣٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حَدَّثَنِي أبو هريرةَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى تُقاتِلوا خُوزَ وكَرمانَ (^٤)؛ قَومًا مِنَ الأعاجِمِ حُمْرَ الوُجوهِ فُطْسَ الأُنوفِ صِغارَ الأعيُن، كأنَّ وُجوهَهُمُ المَجانُّ المُطرَقَةُ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى عن عبد الرَّزّاقِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري (٣٥٨٧) من طريق شعيب به. وأحمد (١٠٨٦١) من طريق أبي الزناد به.\n(^٢) هو بابك الخُرَّمِي رجل من أهل الضلال والزندقة. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الوافي بالوفيات ١٠/ ٦٢، والبداية والنهاية ١٤/ ٢٤٨، ٢٤٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ١٠٤.\n(^٤) الخوز: أهل خوزستان ونواحي الأهواز بين فارس والبصرة. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٤٠٤. وكرمان: ناحية كبيرة بين فارس وخراسان. معجم البلدان ٤/ ٤٥٤.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٧٨٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٢٤٠)، وابن حبان (٦٧٤٣).\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٥٩٠).","vol":"18","page":579},{"text":"١٨٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ هو ابنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا عمرُو بن تَغلِبَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تُقاتِلونَ بَينَ يَدَي السَّاعَةِ قَومًا نِعالُهُمُ الشَّعَرُ، وتُقاتِلونَ قَومًا عِراضَ الوُجوهِ كأنَّ وُجوهَهُمُ المَجانُّ المُطرَقَةُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وأَبِي النُّعمانِ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3922>بابُ ما جاءَ في النَّهي عن تَهييجِ التُّركِ والحَبَشَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عيسَى بن محمدٍ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ، عن السَّيبانِيِّ (^٣)، عن أبي سُكَينَةَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُحَرَّرينَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه قال: \"دَعوا الحَبَشةَ ما ودَعوكُم، واترُكوا التُّركَ ما تَرَكوكُم\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن أحمدَ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن زُهَيرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٧٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٩٨) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٢٧، ٣٥٩٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الشيباني\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ٤٠١، والإكمال ٥/ ١١١، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٨٠.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٣٠٢). وأخرجه النسائي (٣١٧٦) من طريق ضمرة به مطولًا، وعندهما مصرح برفعه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٩٧٥).","vol":"18","page":580},{"text":"ابن عمرٍو - ﵄ -، عن النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"اترُكوا الحَبَشة ما تركوكُم، فإنَّه لا يستخرِجُ كَنزَ الكَعبَةِ إلا ذو السُّوَيْقَتَيْنِ من الحَبَشةِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3923>بابُ ما جاءَ في قِتالِ الهِندِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا خَلَفٌ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن سَيّارِ بنِ أبي سَيّارٍ العَنَزِيِّ (^٢) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي عليٍّ السَّقّاءُ وأبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن سَيّارٍ أبي الحَكَم، عن جَبرِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: وعَدَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - غَزوَةَ الهِندِ، فإِن أُدرِكْها أُنفِقْ فيها مالِي ونَفسِي، فإِنِ استُشهِدتُ كُنتُ مِن أفضَلِ الشُّهَداءِ، وإِن رَجَعتُ فأَنا أبو هريرةَ المُحَرَّرُ (^٤). زادَ المُقرِئُ في رِوايَتِه: ثُمَّ قال مُسَدَّدٌ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ داودَ يقولُ: قال أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِيُّ: ودِدتُ أنِّي شَهِدتُ باربِدَ (^٥) بكُلِّ غَزوَةٍ غَزَوتُها في بلادِ الرّومِ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٥٥) من طريق زهير بن محمد دون تسمية الصحابى. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٦٢٠).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الغنوى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٣١٣.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الحسين\". وقد تقدم مرارًا.\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٣٦، وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٢٨)، والنسائي (٣١٧٣، ٣١٧٤) من طريق هشيم به. وضعف إسناده الألباني في ضعيف النسائي (٢٠٢، ٢٠٣).\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"باربذ\". وباربد مدينة هندية فتحها المسلمون عام ١٦٠ هـ، ينظر البداية والنهاية ١٣/ ٤٨٢.","vol":"18","page":581},{"text":"١٨٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ وجَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ قالا: حدثنا هِشامُ بن عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الجَرّاحُ بن مَليحٍ البَهرانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ، عن لُقمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عبد الأعلَى بنِ عَدِيٍّ البَهرانيِّ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عِصابَتانِ مِن أُمَّتِي أحرَزَهُما اللهُ مِنَ النَّارِ؛ عِصابَةٌ تَغزو الهِندَ، وعِصابَةٌ تَكونُ مَعَ عيسَى ابنِ مَريَمَ ﵉\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3924>بابُ إظهارِ دينِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - على الأديانِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ﴾ (^٢) [التوبة: ٣٣، والصف: ٩].\n\n١٨٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا هَلَكَ كِسرَى فلا كِسرَى بَعدَه، وإذا هَلَكَ قَيصَرُ فلا قَيصَرَ بَعدَه، والَّذِي\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدي ٢/ ٥٨٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٩٦)، والنسائي (٣١٧٥) من طريق محمد بن الوليد الزبيدي به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح النسائي (٢٩٧٥).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٧١.","vol":"18","page":582},{"text":"نَفسِي بيَدِه لَتُنفَقَنَّ كُنوزُهُما في سَبيلِ اللهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ وغيرِه عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضل بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَة عن جَريرٍ (^٦).\nورُوِّينا في ذَلِكَ في حَديثِ عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في كِسرَى بمَعناه، ومن وجهٍ آخَرَ في كِسرَى وقَيصَرَ بمَعناه:\n\n١٨٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بن شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، أخبرَنا سَعدٌ الطّائيُّ، أخبرَنا مُحِلُّ بن خَليفَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٠٤)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧١. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٦٨)، والترمذي (٢٢١٦)، وابن حبان (٦٦٨٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩١٨/ ٧٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٦١٨)، ومسلم عقب (٢٩١٨/ ٧٥).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٦١٩، ٦٦٢٩)، ومسلم (٢٩١٩/ ٧٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨٧١)، وابن حبان (٦٦٩٠) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٣١٢١)، ومسلم (٢٩١٩/ ٧٧).","vol":"18","page":583},{"text":"عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: بَينا أنا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ولَئن طالَت بكَ حَياةٌ لَتُفتَحَنَّ كُنوزُ كِسرَى\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ؟ قال: \"كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ\". قال عَدِيٌّ: وكُنتُ مِمَّنِ (^١) افتَتَحَ كُنوزَ كِسرَى بنِ هُرمُزَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الحَكَمِ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباس، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولَمّا أُتى كِسرَى بكِتابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَزَّقَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَمَزَّقَ مُلكُه\". وحَفِظنا أن قَيصَرَ أكرَمَ كِتابَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ووَضَعَه في مَسْكٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ثَبَتَ مُلكُه\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن اللَّيث، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَني عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ رَجُلًا بكِتابِه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فيمن\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٢٢٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٩٥).\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٧١.","vol":"18","page":584},{"text":"كِسرَى، فأَمَرَه أن يَدفَعَه إلَى عَظيمِ البحرَينِ؛ يَدفَعُه عَظيمُ البحرَينِ إلَى كِسرَى، فلَمّا قَرأه كِسرَى خَرَّقَه، فحَسِبتُ أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: فدَعا عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُمَزَّقوا كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بن نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِيُّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا نَيسابورَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى قَيصرَ يَدْعوه إلَى الإسلام، وبَعَثَ بكِتابِه إلَيه مَعَ دِحيَةَ الكَلبِيِّ، وأَمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يَدفَعَه إلَى عَظيمِ بُصرَى ليَدفَعَه إلَى قَيصرَ، فدَفَعَه عَظيمُ بُصرَى إلَى قَيصرَ، وكانَ قَيصرُ لَمّا كَشَفَ اللهُ عنه جُنودَ فارِسَ مَشَى مِن حِمصَ إلَى إيلياءَ شُكرًا لِما أبلاه اللهُ، فلَمّا أن جاءَ قَيصرَ كِتابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال حينَ قَرأه: التَمِسوا لِي ههُنا أحَدًا مِن قَومِه أسأَلُهُم عن رسولِ اللهِ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فأَخبَرَنِي أبو سُفيانَ أنَّه كان بالشّامِ في رِجالٍ من قُرَيشٍ. قال أبو سُفيانَ: فوَجَدَنا رسولُ قَيصَرَ ببَعضِ الشّام، فانطَلَقَ بي وبِأَصحابِي حَتَّى قَدِمنا إيلياءَ فأُدخِلنا عَلَيه، فإِذا هو في مَجلِسِ مُلكِه وعَلَيه التّاجُ، وإِذا حَولَه عُظماءُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٥٩، ٨٨٤٦) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤).","vol":"18","page":585},{"text":"الرّوم، فقالَ لِتَرجُمانِه: سَلْهُم أيُّهُم أقرَبُ نَسَبًا إلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزعُمُ أنَّه نَبِيٌّ. قال أبو سُفيانَ: فقُلتُ: أنا أقرَبُهُم إلَيه نَسَبًا. قال: ما قَرابَةُ ما بَينَكَ وبَينَه؟ قال: فقُلتُ: هو ابنُ عَمِّي. قال: ولَيسَ في الرَّكبِ يَومَئذٍ أحَدٌ مِن بَنِي عبد مَنافٍ غَيرِي، فقالَ قَيصَرُ: أدنوه مِنِّي. ثُمَّ أمَرَ بأَصحابِي فجُعِلوا خَلفَ ظَهرِي عِندَ كَتِفِي، ثُمَّ قال لِتَرجُمانِه: قُل لأصحابِه. إنِّي سائلٌ هذا الرَّجُلَ عن الَّذِي يَزعُمُ أنَّه نَبِيٌّ، فإِن كَذَبَ فكَذِّبوه. قال أبو سُفيانَ: واللَّهِ لَولا الحَياءُ يَومَئذٍ مِن أن يأثُرَ (^١) أصحابِي عَنِّي الكَذِبَ كَذَبتُ عنه حينَ سألَنِي عنه، ولَكِنِّي استَحيَيتُ أن يأثُروا الكَذِبَ عَنِّي، فصَدَقتُه عنه، ثُمَّ قال لِتَرجُمانِه: قُلْ له: كَيفَ نَسَبُ هذا الرَّجُلِ فيكُم؟ قال: قُلتُ. هو فينا ذو نَسَبٍ. قال: فهَل قال هذا القَولَ أحَدٌ مِنكُم قَبلَهُ؟ قال. قُلتُ: لا. قال: فهَل كُنتُم تَتَّهِمونَه على (^٢) الكَذِبِ قبلَ أن يَقولَ ما قالَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: فهَل مِن آبائه مِن مَلِكٍ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: فأَشرافُ النّاسِ يَتَّبِعونَه أم ضُعَفاؤُهُم؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَل ضُعَفاؤُهُم. قال: فيَزيدونَ أم يَنقُصونَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: بَل يَزيدونَ. قال: فهَل يَرتَدُّ أحَدٌ مِنهُم سَخطَةً لِدينِه بَعدَ أن يَدخُلَ فيه؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا. قال: فهَل يَغدِرُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا، ونَحنُ الآنَ مِنه في مُدَّةٍ نَحنُ نَخافُ أن يَغدِرَ. قال أبو سُفيانَ: ولَم يُمكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أُدخِلُ فيها شَيئًا أنتَقِصُه به لا أخافُ أن تُؤثَرَ عَنِّي غَيرُها. قال: فهَل\n_________\n(^١) يأثر: يروى ويحكى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عن\".","vol":"18","page":586},{"text":"قاتَلتُموه وقاتَلَكُم؟ قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فكَيفَ كانَت حَربُكُم وحَربُهُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: كانَت دُوَلًا وسِجالًا، يُدالُ عَلَينا المَرَّةَ ونُدالُ عَلَيه الأُخرَى. قال: فماذا يأمُرُكُم به؟ قال: يأمُرُنا أن نَعبُدَ اللَّهَ وحدَه لا نُشرِكُ به شَيئًا، ويَنهانا عَمّا كان يَعبُدُ آباؤُنا، ويأمُرُنا بالصَّلاةِ والصِّدقِ والعَفافِ والوَفاءِ بالعَهدِ وأَداءِ الأمانَةِ. قال: فقالَ لِتَرجُمانِه حينَ قُلتُ ذَلِكَ له: قُلْ له: إنِّي سألتُكَ عن نَسَبِه فيكُم، فزَعَمتَ أنَّه ذو نَسَبٍ، وكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبعَثُ في نَسَبِ قَومِها، وسألتُكَ: هَل قال هذا القَولَ أحَدٌ مِنكُم قَبلَه؟ فزَعَمتَ أن لا، فقُلتُ: لَو كان أحَدٌ مِنكُم قال هذا القَولَ قَبلَه قُلتُ: رَجُلٌ يأتَمُّ بقَولٍ قَد قيلَ قَبلَه. وسألتُكَ: هَل كُنتُم تَتَّهِمونَه بالكَذِبِ قبلَ أن يَقولَ ما قال؟ فزَعَمتَ أن لا، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ ليَدَعَ الكَذِبَ على النّاسِ ويَكذِبَ على الله، وسألتُكَ: هَل كان مِن آبائه مِن مَلِكٍ؟ فزَعَمتَ أن لا، فقُلتُ: لَو كان مِن آبائه مَلِكٌ قُلتُ: يَطلُبُ مُلكَ آبائه. وسألتُكَ: أشرافُ النّاسِ يَتَّبِعونَه أم ضُعَفاؤُهُم؟ فزَعَمتَ أنَّ ضُعَفاءَهُمُ اتَبَعوه، وهُم أتباعُ الرُّسُل، وسألتُكَ. هَل يَزيدونَ أم يَنقُصونَ؟ فزَعَمتَ أنَّهُم يَزيدونَ، وكَذَلِكَ الإيمانُ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ، وسألتُكَ: هَل يَرتَدُّ أحَدٌ سَخطَةً لِدينِه بَعدَ أن يَدخُلَ فيه؟ فزَعَمتَ أن لا، وكَذَلِكَ الإيمانُ حينَ تُخالِطُ بَشاشَتُه القُلوبَ لا يَسخَطُه أحَدٌ، وسألتُكَ: هَل يَغدِرُ؟ فزَعَمتَ أن لا، وكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لا يَغدِرونَ، وسألتُكَ: هَل قاتَلتُموه وقاتَلَكُم؟ فزَعَمتَ أن قَد فعَلَ، وأَنَّ حَربَكُم وحَربَه تَكونُ دُوَلًا يُدالُ عَلَيكُمُ المَرَّةَ وتُدالونَ عَلَيه الأُخرَى، وكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبتَلَى وتَكونُ لَها","vol":"18","page":587},{"text":"العاقِبَةُ، وسألتُكَ: بماذا يأمُرُكُم؟ فزَعَمتَ أنَّه يأمُرُكُم أن تَعبُدوا اللَّهَ ولا تُشرِكوا به شَيئًا، ويَنهاكُم عَمّا كان يَعبُدُ آباؤُكُم، ويأمُرُكُم بالصَّلاةِ والصِّدقِ والعَفافِ والوَفاءِ بالعَهدِ وأَداءِ الأمانَة، وهَذِه صِفَةُ نَبِيٍّ قَد كُنتُ أعلمُ أنَّه خارجٌ ولَكِن لَم أظُنَّ أنَّه مِنكُم، وإِن يَكُنْ ما قُلتَ حَقًا فيوشِكُ أن يَملِكَ مَوضِعَ قَدَمَيَّ هاتَين، ولَو أرجو أن أخلُصَ إلَيه لَتَجَشَّمتُ لُقِيَّةُ، ولَو كُنتُ عِندَه لَغَسَلتُ قَدَمَيهِ. قال أبو سُفيانَ: ثُمَّ دَعا بكِتابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ به فقُرِئَ فإِذا فيه: \"بسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، مِن محمدٍ عبد اللهِ ورسولِه إلَى هِرَقلَ عَظيمِ الرّومِ، سَلامٌ على مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الهُدَى، أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنِّي أدعوكَ بداعيَةِ (^١) الإسلام، أسلِمْ تَسلَمْ يُؤتِكَ اللهُ أجرَكَ مَرَّتَين، وإِن تَوَلَّيتَ فعَلَيكَ إثمُ الأَرِيسيّينَ (^٢) و﴿قُلْ يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٦٤]. قال أبو سُفيانَ: فلَمّا أن قَضَى مَقالَتَه عَلَت أصواتُ الَّذينَ حَولَه مِن عُظَماءِ الرّومِ وكَثُرَ لَغْطُهُم، فلا أدرِي ماذا قالوا، وأُمِرَ بنا فأُخرِجنا، فلَمّا أنْ خَرَجتُ مَعَ أصحابِي وخَلَوتُ بهِم قُلتُ لَهُم: لَقَد أمِرَ أمرُ ابنِ أبي كَبشَةَ، هذا مَلِكُ بَني الأصفَرِ يَخافُه. قال أبو سُفيانَ: واللهِ ما زِلتُ ذَليلًا مُستَيقِنًا بأَنَّ أمرَه سَيَظهَرُ حَتَّى أدخَلَ اللَّهُ قَلبِي الإسلامَ وأَنا كارِهٌ (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بدعاية\".\n(^٢) الأريسيون: هم الفلاحون والخدم والضعفاء والأتباع. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٤٩٩، وفتح الباري ١/ ٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى مختصرًا (٥٨٥٨، ٨٨٤٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن =","vol":"18","page":588},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فأَغزَى أبو بكرٍ الشّامَ على ثِقَةٍ مِن فتحِها لِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ففَتَحَ بَعضها، وتَمَّ فتحُها في زَمَنِ عُمَرَ، وقَتَحَ عُمَرُ العِراقَ وفارِسَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا الَّذِي ذَكَرَه الشّافِعِيُّ بَيِّنٌ في التَّواريخ، وسياقُ تِلكَ القَصصِ مِمّا يَطولُ به الكِتابُ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فقَد أظهَرَ اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه دينَه الَّذِي بَعَثَ به [رسولَ اللَّهِ] (^٣) - ﷺ - على الأديانِ بأَن أبانَ لِكُلِّ مَن سَمِعَه أنَّه الحَقُّ وما خالَفَه مِنَ الأديانِ باطِلٌ، وأَظهَرَه بأَنَّ جِماعَ الشَركِ دينان، دينُ أهلِ الكِتابِ ودينُ الأُميّينَ، فقَهَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الأُمّتينَ حَتَّى دانُوا (^٤) بالإِسلامِ طَوعًا وكَرهًا، وقَتَلَ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ وسَبَى حَتَّى دانَ بعضهم بالإِسلام، وأَعطَى بَعضٌ الجِزيَةَ صاغِرينَ وجَرَى عَلَيهِم حُكمُه - ﷺ -، وهَذا ظُهورُ الدّينِ كُلِّهِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد يُقالُ: لَيُظهِرَنَّ اللَّهُ دينَه على الأديانِ حَتَّى لا يُدانَ اللَّهُ إلا به،\n_________\n= سعد به. والترمذي (٢٧١٧) مختصرًا من طريق الزهري به.\n(^١) البخاري (٢٩٤٠)، ومسلم (١٧٧٣/ عقب ٧٤).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٧١.\n(^٣) في ص ٨، وحاشية الأصل: \"رسوله\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"واتوه\".","vol":"18","page":589},{"text":"وذَلِكَ مَتَى شاءَ اللهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى كِسرَى وقَيصرَ، فأَمّا قَيصرُ فوَضَعَه، وأَمّا كِسرَى فمَزَّقَه، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ. \"أمّا هَؤُلاءِ فيُمَزَّقونَ، وأَمّا هَؤُلاءِ فسَتَكونُ لَهُم بَقيَّةٌ\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ووَعَدَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - النّاسَ فتحَ فارِسَ والشّامِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُستُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَمزَةَ، حَذَثنِي أبو عَلقَمَةَ [نَصرُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ] (^٤) يَرُدُّ الحديثَ إلَى جُبَيرِ بن نُفَيرٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بن حَوالَةَ: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فشَكَونا إلَيه العُرىَ والفَقرَ وقِلَّةَ الشَّئ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أبشِروا فواللَّهِ لأنا بكَثرَةِ الشَّئِ أخوَفُنِي عَلَيكُم مِن قِلَّتِه، واللَّهِ لا يَزالُ هذا الأمرُ فيكُم حَتَّى يَفتَحَ اللهُ أرضَ فارِسَ وأَرضَ الرّومِ وأَرضَ حِميَرَ، وحَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٧١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل (٥٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٥٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠١) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٧١.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"18","page":590},{"text":"تَكونوا أجنادًا ثَلَاثةً؛ جُندًا بالشّامِ وجُندًا بالعِراقِ وجُندًا باليَمَن، وحَتَّى يُعطَى الرَّجُلُ المِائَةَ فيَسخَطَها\". قال ابنُ حَوالَةَ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، ومَن يَستَطيعُ الشّامَ وبِه الرّومُ ذَواتُ القُرونِ؟ قال: \"واللهِ لَيَفتَحَنَّها اللهُ عَلَيكُم ولَيَستَخلِفَنَّكُم فيها، حَتَّى تَظَلَّ العِصابَةُ البيضُ مِنهُم (^١) قُمُصُهُم المُلحِمَةُ (^٢) أقْفاؤُهُم قيامًا على الرُّوَيجِلِ الأسوَدِ مِنكُمُ المَحلوق، ما أمَرَهُم مِن شَئ فعَلوه، وإِنَّ بها اليَومَ (^٣) رِجالًا لأنتُم أحقَرُ في أعيُنِهِم مِنَ القِردانِ (^٤) في أعجازِ الإبِل\". قال ابنُ حَوالَةَ: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. اختَرْ لِي إن أدرَكَنِي ذَلِكَ. قال: \"إنِّي أختارُ لَكَ الشّامَ؛ فإِنَّه صِفوَةُ اللَّهِ مِن بلادِه، وإِلَيه يَجتَبِي صِفوَتَه مِن عِبادِه، يا أهلَ اليَمَنِ عَلَيكُم بالشامِ؛ فإِنَّ (^٥) صِفوَةَ اللهِ مِن أرضِه الشّامُ، ألا فمَن أبَى فليَستَقِ (^٦) في غُدُرِ (^٧) اليَمَن، فإِن اللهَ قَد تَكَفَّلَ لِي بالشّامِ وأَهلِه\". قال أبو عَلقَمَةَ: فسَمِعَتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ جُبيرٍ يقولُ: فعَرَفَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - نَعتَ هذا الحديثِ في جَزءِ بنِ سُهَيلٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، وكانَ على الأعاجِمِ في ذَلِكَ الزَّمان، فكانَ إذا راحوا إلَى مَسجِدٍ نَظَروا إلَيه وإِلَيهِم قيامًا حَولَه، فعَجِبوا لِنَعتِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فيه وفيهم. قال أبو عَلقَمَةَ: أقسَمَ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"منكم\".\n(^٢) الملحمة: الإلحام كثرة اللحم. ينظر التاج ٣٣/ ٤١٠ (ل ح م).\n(^٣) ليس في: د، م.\n(^٤) القردان: ما يتعلق بالبعير ونحوه، وهو كالقمل للإنسان. شرح الزرقانى على الموطأ ٢/ ٣٨٨.\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"من\".\n(^٦) في س: \"فليستنق\"، وفي م: \"فليستبق\". وينظر مصادر التخريج.\n(^٧) الغُدُر: جمع غدير، وهو القطعة من الماء يغادرها السيل. أو هو الحوض. فيض القدير ٤/ ٤٥١، وتاج العروس ١٣/ ٢٠٥ (غ د ر).","vol":"18","page":591},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في هذا الحديثِ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ لا نَعلَمُ أنَّه أقسَمَ في حَديثٍ مِثلَهُ (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى في هذا الكِتابِ عن ابنِ زُغبٍ الإيَادِيِّ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ حَوالَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"لَيُفتَحَنَ لَكُمُ الشامُ ثُمَّ لَتقتَسِمُنَّ (^٢) كُنوزَ فارِسَ والرّومِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ (^٤) بن بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ في قِصَّةِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ حينَ فرَغَ مِنَ اليَمامَةِ قال: فكَتَبَ أبو بكرٍ الصَدّيقُ إلَى خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ وهو باليَمامَةِ: مِن عبد اللهِ أبي بكرٍ خَليفَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ والَّذينَ مَعَه مِنَ المُهاجِرين والأنصارِ والتّابِعينَ بإِحسانٍ، سَلامٌ عَلَيكُم، فإِنِّي أحمدُ إلَيكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلا هو، أمّا بَعدُ فالحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِي أنجَزَ وعدَه ونَصَرَ عبدَه وأَعَزَّ ولله وأَذَلَّ عَدوَّه وغَلَبَ الأحزابَ فَردًا، فإِنَّ اللهَ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلا هو قال: ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ﴾ [النور: ٥٥] وكَتَبَ الآيَةَ كُلَّها، وقَرأ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٢٧، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٢٨٨. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (٢٢٩٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١١١٤)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢٥٤٠) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به.\n(^٢) في س، ص ٨، م: \"لتقسمن\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٥٩٢).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"18","page":592},{"text":"الآيَةَ - وعدًا مِنه لا خُلفَ له، ومَقالًا لا رَيبَ فيه، وفَرَضَ الجِهادَ على المُؤمِنينَ فقالَ: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٦] حَتَّى فرَغَ مِنَ الآياتِ - فاستَتِمّوا مَوعِدَ (^١) اللَّهِ إيّاكُم وأَطيعوه فيما فرَضَ عَلَيكُم، وإِن عَظُمَت فيه المَئونَةُ، واشتَدَّتِ (^٢) الرَّزيَّةُ، وبَعُدَتِ الشُّقَّةُ (^٣)، وفُجِعتُم في ذَلِكَ بالأموالِ والأنفُسِ؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يَسيرٌ في عَظيمِ ثَوابِ الله، فاغزوا رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٤١] كَتَبَ الآيَةَ - ألا وقَد أمَرتُ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ بالمَسيرِ إلَى العِراقِ فلا يَبرَحْها حَتَّى يأتيَه أمرِي، فسيروا مَعَه ولا تَتَثاقَلوا عنه؛ فإِنَّه سَبيلٌ يُعَظِّمُ اللَّهُ فيه الأجرَ لِمَن حَسُنَت فيه نيَّتُه وعَظُمَت في الخَيرِ رَغبَتُه، فإِذا وقَعتُمُ العِراقَ فكونوا بها حَتَّى يأتيَكُم أمرِي، كَفانا اللهُ وإيّاكُم مُهِمّاتِ الدُّنيا والآخِرَة، والسَّلامُ عَلَيكُم ورَحمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَرَكاتُه.\nقال الشيخُ: ثُمَّ بَيِّنٌ في التَّواريخِ وُرودُ كِتابِه عَلَيه بالمَسيرِ إلَى الشّامِ وإِمدادِ مَن بها مِن أُمَراءِ الأجناد، وما كان مِنَ الظَّفَرِ لِلمُسلِمينَ يَومَ أجنادِينَ في أيّامِ أبي بكرٍ الصدّيق، وما كان مِن خُروجِ هِرَقلَ مُتَوَجِّهًا نَحوَ الرّوم، وما كان مِنَ الفُتوحِ بها وبِالعِراقِ وبِأَرضِ فارِسَ وهَلاكِ كِسرَى وحَملِ كُنوزِه إلَى المَدينَةِ في أيّامِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بوعد\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"واستبدت\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"المشقة\".","vol":"18","page":593},{"text":"١٨٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ في قَولِه: ﴿لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ [الصف: ٩]. قال: خُروجُ عيسَى ابنِ مَريَمَ ﵇ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا﴾ [محمد: ٤] يَعنِي حَتَّى يَنزِلَ عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ فيُسلِمَ كُلُّ يَهودِيٍّ وكُلُّ نَصرانِيٍّ وكُلُّ صاحِبِ مِلَّةٍ، وتأمَنَ الشّاةُ الذِّئبَ، ولا تَقرِضَ فأرَةٌ جِرابًا، وتَذهَبَ العَداوَةُ مِنَ الأشياءِ كُلِّها، وذَلِكَ ظُهورُ الإسلامِ على الدّينِ كُلِّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الإسفَرايينِيُّ ابنُ السِّقّاء، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا سعيدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣)، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ﴾ قال: إذا نَزَلَ عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ لَم يَكُنْ في الأرضِ إلا\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٠١٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٥١١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٠٤. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢١/ ١٨٨ من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٣) بعده في ص ٨، م: \"الأموى\".","vol":"18","page":594},{"text":"الإسلامُ ليُظهِرَه على الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي موسَى هو ابنُ العباسِ الجوَينِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبي، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه لَيوشِكَنَّ أن يَنزِلَ فيكُمُ ابنُ مَريَمَ حَكَمًا عَدلًا، فيَكسِرَ الصَّليبَ ويَقتُلَ الخِنزيرَ ويَضَعَ الجِرْيَةَ، ويَفيضَ المالُ حَتَّى لا يَقبَلَه أحَدّ، حَتَّى تَكونَ السَّجدَةُ الواحِدَةُ خَيرًا مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فيها\". ثُمَّ يقولُ أبو هريرةَ: اقرءوا إن شِئتُم: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا﴾ [النساء: ١٥٩] (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاق، ورَواه مسلم عن الحُلوانِيِّ وغيرِه عن يَعقوبَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ الصيدَلانِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا تَزالُ طائفَةٌ مِن أُمَّتِي يُقاتِلونَ على الحَقِّ ظاهِرينَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال: \"ويَنزِلُ عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ، فيَقولُ أميرُهُم: تَعالَ صَلِّ لَنا. فيَقولُ: لا، إنَّ بَعضَكُم على بَعضٍ أُمَراءُ لِتَكرِمَةِ اللَّهِ هذه الأُمَّةَ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٧/ ٥١١، ٥١٢ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٣١١) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم في (١١٦٩، ١١٦٥٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٤٤٨)، ومسلم عقب (١٥٥/ ٢٤٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٢٧)، وابن حبان (٦٨١٩) من طريق حجاج به. وتقدم أوله في (١٧٩٤٩).","vol":"18","page":595},{"text":"مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ وغَيرِه عن حَجّاجٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٥٦ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ بالُويَه المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمَّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تَقومُ السّاعَةُ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ مِن مَغريها، فإِذا طَلَعَت ورآها الناسُ آمَنوا أجمَعونَ، وذَلِكَ حينَ ﴿لَا يَنْفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَو كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا﴾ (^٢) [الأنعام: ١٥٨]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبد الرَّزاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشام، حدثنا أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ، أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ زَوَى (^٤) لِيَ الأرضَ حَتَّى رأيتُ مَشارِقَها ومَغارِبَها، وأَعطانِي الكَنزَينِ الأحمَرَ والأبيَضَ، وإِنَّ مُلكَ أُمَّتِي سَيَبلُغُ ما زُوِيَ لِي مِنها، وِإنِّي سألتُ رَبِّي ﷿ ألَّا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٦/ ٢٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٧٩. وأخرجه أحمد (٨١٣٨) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٦٣٦)، ومسلم عقب (١٥٧/ ٢٤٨).\n(^٤) زوى: جمع. النهاية ٢/ ٣٢٠.","vol":"18","page":596},{"text":"يُهلِكَهُم بسَنَةٍ عامَّةٍ، وألَّا يُسَلِّطَ عَلَيهِم عَدوًّا مِن غَيرِهِم فيُهلِكَهُم، وألَّا يَلبِسَهُم شيَعًا ويُذيقَ بَعضَهَم بأسَ بَعضٍ، فقالَ: يا محمدُ، إنِّي إذا أعطَيت عَطاءً فلا مَرَدَّ له، إنِّي أعطَيتُكَ لأُمَّتِكَ ألَّا يَهلِكوا بسَنَةٍ عامَّةٍ، وألَّا أُسَلِّطَ عَلَيهِم عَدوًّا مِن غَيرِهِم فيَستَبيحَهُم ولَوِ اجتَمَعَ عَلَيهِم مَن بَينَ أقطارِها، حَتَّى يَكونَ بَعضُهُم يُهلِكُ بَعضًا، وبَعضُهُم يَسبِي بَعضًا، وبَعضُهُم يَفتِنُ بَعضًا. وِإنَّه سَيَرجِعُ قَبائلُ مِن أُمَّتِي إلَى الشِّركِ وعِبادَةِ الأوثان، وإِنَّ مِن أخوَفِ ما أخافُ الأئمَّةَ المُضِلّينَ، وِإنَّه إذا وُضِعَ السَّيفُ فيهِم لَم يُرفَعْ إلَى يَومِ القيامَة، وإِنَّه سَيَخرُجُ في أُمَّتِي كَذّابونَ دَجّالونَ قَريبًا مِن ثَلاثينَ، وإنِّي خاتَمُ الأنبياءِ لا نَبِيَّ بَعدِي، ولا تَزالُ طائفَة مِن أُمَّتِي على الحَقِّ مَنصورَةً حَتَّى يأتِيَ أمرُ اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن مُعاذِ بنِ هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ أبنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضي وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ جابِرٍ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي المِقدادُ بن الأسوَدِ الكِندِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَبقَى على ظَهرِ الأرضِ بَيتُ مَدَرٍ ولا وبَرٍ (^٣) إلَّا أدخَلَه اللَّهُ كَلِمَةَ الإِسلام، إمّا بعِزِّ عَزيزٍ وإمّا بذُلِّ ذَليلٍ، إمّا يُعِزُّهُمُ اللَّهُ فيَجعَلُهُم مِن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٧١٤) من طريق معاذ بن هشام به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٥٢) من طريق قتادة به. وأحمد (٢٢٣٩٥، ٢٢٤٥٢)، وأبو داود (٤٢٥٢)، والترمذي (٢١٧٦) من طريق أبي قلابة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٨٩/ عقب ١٩).\n(^٣) بيت المدر: هو المبني بالطوب اللبن، والمراد به أهل المدن والقرى، وبيت الوبر: المتخذ من الصوف، والمراد به أهل البوادى. تاج العروس ١٤/ ٩٥، ٣٢٩ (م د ر، وب ر).","vol":"18","page":597},{"text":"أهلِه فيَعِزّوا (^١) به، وِإمّا يُذِلُّهُم فيَدينونَ له\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا عبدُ القُدّوسِ أبو المُغيرَة، حدثنا صَفوانُ بن عمرٍو، حَدَّثنِي سُلَيمُ بن عامِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضل، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، حدثنا صَفوانُ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عامِرٍ الكَلاعِيِّ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيَبلُغَنَّ هذا الأمرُ ما بَلَغَ اللَّيلُ، ولا يَترُكُ اللهُ بَيتَ مَدَرٍ ولا وبَرٍ إلا أدخَلَه اللَّهُ هذا الدِّينَ بعِزِّ عَزيزٍ يُعِزُّ به الإِسلامَ، أو ذُلِّ ذَليل يُذِلُّ به الكُفرَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن حُمرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ العَلاء، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لا يَذهَبُ اللَّيلُ والنَّهارُ حَتَّى تُعبَدَ اللَّاتُ والعُزَّى\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنْ كُنتُ لأظُنُّ أن اللهَ حينَ أنزَلَ: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ\n_________\n(^١) كذا بحذف النون، وحذف النون بغير ناصب أو جازم لغة صحيحة. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ٢/ ٣٦. وتقدم في (٤٣٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٨١٤)، وابن حبان (٦٦٩٩، ٦٧٠١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر. به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٤. ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٣١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٥٧) عن أبي المغيرة به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ٦/ ١٤: ورجال أحمد رجال الصحيح.","vol":"18","page":598},{"text":"عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٣٣] الفتح: ٢٨، الصف: ٩] أنَّ ذَلِكَ تامٌّ. قال: \"إنَّه سَيَكونُ مِن ذَلِكَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ يَبعَثُ اللَّهُ ريحًا طَيِّبَةً فتَوَفَّى مَن كان في قَلبِه مِثقالُ حَبَّةِ خَردَلٍ مِن إيمانٍ، فيَبقَى مَن لا خَيرَ فيه، فيَرجِعونَ إلَى دينِ آبائهِم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ وأَبِي بكرٍ الحَنَفِيِّ عن عبد الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وكانَت قُرَيشٌ تَنتابُ الشّامَ (^٣) انتيابًا كَثيرًا، وكانَ كَثيرٌ مِن مَعاشِها مِنه، وتأتِي العِراقَ، فيُقالُ: لَمّا دَخَلَت في الإسلامِ ذَكَرَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خَوفَها مِنِ انقِطاعِ مَعاشِها بالتِّجارَةِ مِنَ الشّامِ والعِراقِ إذا فارَقَتِ الكُفرَ ودَخَلَت في الإسلام، مَعَ (^٤) خِلافِ مَلِكِ الشّامِ والعِراقِ لأهلِ الإسلام، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"إذا هَلَكَ كِسرَى فلا كِسرَى بَعدَه\". فلَم يَكُنْ بأَرضِ العِراقِ كِسرَى يَثبُتُ له أمرٌ بَعدَه، وقالَ: \"إذا هَلَكَ قَيصَرُ فلا قَيصَرَ بَعدَه\". فلَم يَكُنْ بأَرضِ الشّامِ قَيصر بَعدَه، وأَجابَهُم على ما قالوا له، وكانَ كما قال لَهُم - ﷺ -، وقَطَعَ اللَّهُ الأكاسِرَةَ عن العِراقِ وفارِسَ، وقَيصرَ ومَن قامَ بالأمرِ بَعدَه عن الشام، وقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في كِسرَى: \"مُزِّق مُلكُه\". فلَم يَبقَ لِلأكاسِرَةِ مُلكٌ، وقالَ في قَيصرَ: \"ثَبَتَ مُلكُه\". فثَبَتَ له مُلكٌ ببِلادِ الرّومِ إلَى اليَوم، وتنَحَّى مُلكُه عن الشّام، وكُلُّ هذا مُؤتَفِقٌ يُصدِّقُ بَعضُه بَعضًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٥٦٤)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٦١٦ من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٠٧/ ٥٢، وعقبه).\n(^٣) تنتاب الشام: ترجع إليها مرة بعد أخرى. ينظر المغرب في ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ٣٣١.\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"18","page":599},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ. فذَكَرَ هذا الكَلامَ وما قَبلَه في هذا البابِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِيَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ في الآيَةِ تَفسيرٌ آخَرُ:\n\n١٨٦٦١ - أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ﴾ قال: يُظهِرُ اللهُ نَبيَّه - ﷺ - على أمرِ الدّينِ كُلِّه فيُعطيه إيّاه ولا يُخفِي عَلَيه شَيئًا مِنه، وكانَ [اليَهودُ و] (^٢) المُشرِكونَ يَكرَهونَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\nتمَّ بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ الثامنَ عشرَ ويتلوه الجزءُ التاسعَ عشرَ وأولُه: كتابُ الجزيةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٥٠٤)، والأم ٤/ ١٧١. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٨٦٤٢).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٨٦، ١٧٨٧، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤٢٣ من طريق أبي صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"18","page":600},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3925>كتاب الجِزيةِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3926>بابُ مَن لا تُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ مِن أهلِ الأوثانِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]. وقالَ: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ﴾ (^١) [الأنفال: ٣٩].\n\n١٨٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. عَصَمَ مِنِّي مالَه ونَفسَه إلَّا بحَقِّه، حِسابُه (^٢) على اللهِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطّاهِرِ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ (^٤) مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٥).\n\n١٨٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\". والذى تقدم وفي المصادر: \"وحسابه\".\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٥٨١، ١٨٠٠٥).\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"في الصحيح\".\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٣)، والبخارى (٢٩٤٦).","vol":"19","page":5},{"text":"محمدُ بن عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا عباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ عن جابِرٍ، وعن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵄ - قالا: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. فإِذا قالُوها مَنَعوا مِنِّي دِماءَهُم وأَموالَهُم إلَّا بحَقِّها، وحِسابُهُم على اللَّهِ\" (^١).\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن الأعمَشِ بالإِسنادَينِ جَميعًا (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِي، حدِثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ يُقالُ له: ابنُ عِصامٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كان إذا بَعَثَ سَريَّةً قال: \"إذا سَمِعتُم مُؤَذِّنًا أو رأيتُم مَسجِدًا فلا تَقتُلوا أحَدًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن عُقَيلى، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: لَمّا توُفِّيَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - واستُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ بَعدَه وكَفَرَ مَن كَفَرَ مِنَ العَرَبِ قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ لأبِي بكرٍ - ﵄ -: كَيفَ تُقاتِلُ النّاسَ وقَد قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُمِرتُ أن أُقاتِلَ النّاسَ حَتَّى يَقولوا: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. فمَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٣٩٨٧) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٢٨) من طريق الأعمش بالإسناد الأول. وتقدم في (٥٢٠٦، ١٥٩٤١، ١٥٩٤٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٢٨٥).","vol":"19","page":6},{"text":"قال: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ. عَصَمَ مِنِّي مالَه ونَفسَه إلَّا بحَقِّه، وحِسابه على اللهِ\"؟. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: واللَّهِ لأُقاتِلَنَّ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ الصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ؛ فإِنَّ الزَّكاةَ حَقُّ المال، واللَّهِ لَو مَنَعونِي عِقالًا كانوا يُؤَدّونَه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَقاتَلتُهُم على مَنعِهِ. قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: فواللهِ ما هو إلَّا أن رأيتُ اللَّهَ قَد شَرَحَ صَدرَ أبي بكرٍ لِلقِتالِ فعَرَفتُ أنَّه الحَقُّ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وهَذا مِثلُ الحديثينِ قَبلَه في المُشرِكينَ مُطلَقًا، وإِنَّما يُرادُ به واللَّهُ أعلمُ مُشرِكو أهلِ الأوثان، ولَم يَكُنْ بحَضرَةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولا قُربَه أحَدٌ مِن مُشرِكِي أهلِ الكِتابِ إلَّا يَهودُ بالمَدينَة، وكانوا حُلَفاءَ للأنصارِ (^٣)، ولَم تَكُنِ الأنصارُ استَجمَعَت أوَّل ما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إسلامًا، فوادَعَت يَهودُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ولَم تَخرُجْ إلَى شَئٍ مِن عَداوَتِه بقَولٍ يَظهَرُ ولا فِعلٍ حَتَّى كانَت وقعَةُ بَدرٍ، فتَكَلَّمَ بَعضُها بعَداوَتِه والتَّحريضِ عَلَيه، فقَتَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فيهِم، ولَم يَكُنْ بالحِجازِ عَلِمتُه إلَّا يَهودِيٌّ (^٤) أو نَصارَى قَليلٌ بنَجرانَ، وكانَتِ المَجوسُ بهَجَرَ وبِلادِ البَربَرِ وفارِسَ نائينَ عن الحِجاز، دونَهُم مُشرِكونَ أهلُ أوثانٍ (^٥)\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٦٨٠٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٢٨٤، ٧٢٨٥)، ومسلم (٢٠/ ٣٢).\n(^٣) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"الأنصار\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يهود\".\n(^٥) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"الأوثان\".","vol":"19","page":7},{"text":"كَثيرٌ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ بنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَم، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أظُنُّه عن أبيه - وكانَ ابنَ أحَدِ الثَّلاثَةِ الَّذينَ تيبَ عَلَيهِم - أنَّ كَعبَ بنَ الأشرَفِ اليَهودِيَّ كان شاعِرًا، وكانَ يَهجو رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - ويُحَرِّضُ عَلَيه كُفّارَ قُرَيشٍ في شِعرِه، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ وأَهلُها أخلاط؛ مِنهُمُ المُسلِمونَ الَّذينَ تَجمَعُهُم دَعوَةُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ومِنهُمُ المُشرِكونَ الَّذينَ يَعبُدونَ الأوثانَ، ومِنهُمُ اليَهودُ وهُم أهلُ الحَلْقَةِ (^٢) والحُصون، وهُم حُلَفاءُ لِلحَيَّينِ الأوسِ والخَزرَج، فأَرادَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - حينَ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ استِصلاحَهُم كُلِّهُم، وكانَ الرَّجُلُ يَكونُ مُسلِمًا وأَبوه مُشرِكٌ، والرَّجُلُ يَكونُ مُسلِمًا وأَخوه مُشرِكٌ، وكانَ المُشرِكونَ واليَهودُ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ حينَ قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يُؤذونَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابَه أشَدَّ الأذَى، فأَمَرَ اللهُ رسولَه والمُسلِمينَ بالصَّبرِ على ذَلِكَ والعَفوِ عَنهُم، ففيهِم أنزَلَ اللَّهُ جل ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا﴾ إلى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [آل عمران: ١٨٦]. وفيهِم أنزَلَ اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٧٢.\n(^٢) الحلقة: السلاح والدروع. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٢٠٠.","vol":"19","page":8},{"text":"تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا﴾ [البقرة: ١٠٩]. فلَمّا أبي كَعبُ بن الأشرَفِ أن يَنزعَ (^١) عن أذَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَذَى المُسلِمينَ أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - سَعدَ بنَ مُعاذٍ أن يَبعَثَ رَهطًا ليَقتُلوه، فبَعَثَ إلَيه سَعدُ بن مُعاذٍ محمدَ بنَ مَسلَمَةَ الأنصارِيَّ وأَبا عَبسٍ الأنصارِيَّ والحارِثَ ابنَ أخِي سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ في خَمسَةٍ رَهطٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في قَتلِه، قال: فلَمّا قَتَلوه فزِعَتِ اليَهودُ ومَن كان مَعَهُم مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فغَدَوا على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ أصبَحوا فقالوا: إنَّه طُرِقَ صاحِبُنا اللَّيلَةَ وهو سَيِّدٌ مِن سادَتِنا فقُتِلَ. فذَكَرَ لَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الَّذِي كان يقولُ في أشعارِه ويَنهاهُم به، ودَعاهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أن يَكتُبَ بَينَه وبَينَهُم وبَينَ المُسلِمينَ كِتابًا يَنتَهوا إلَى ما فيه، فكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بَينَه وبَينَهُم وبَينَ المُسلِمينَ عامًّا صَحيفَةً كَتَبَها رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - تحتَ العَذقِ الَّذِي في دارِ بنتِ الحارِث، فكانَت تِلكَ الصَّحيفَةُ بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ - ﵁ - (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن أبي محمدٍ مَولَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أو عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: لَمّا أصابَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - قُرَيشًا يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) ينزع: يكف. ينظر التاج ٢٢/ ٢٣٩ (ن ز ع).\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٩٦، ١٩٧. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٠٨ عن أبي اليمان به مختصرًا جدًّا. وأبو داود (٣٠٠٠) من طريق شعيب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٩٣).","vol":"19","page":9},{"text":"بَدرٍ فقَدِمَ المَدينَةَ جَمَعَ اليَهودَ في سوقِ قَينُقاعَ فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ أسلِموا قبلَ أن يُصيبَكُم مِثلُ ما أصابَ قُرَيشًا\". فقالوا: يا لامحمدُ يَغُرَّنَّكَ مِن نَفسِكَ أنَّكَ قَتَلتَ نَفَرًا مِن قُرَيشٍ كانوا أغمارًا (^١) لا يَعرِفونَ القِتالَ، إنَّكَ لَو قاتَلتَنا لَعَرَفتَ أنَّا نَحنُ الناسُ، وأنَّكَ لَم تَلقَ مِثلَنا. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ في ذَلِكَ مِن قَولِهِم: ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ (١٢) قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ببَدرٍ، ﴿وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٣ - ١٤] (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ وصالِحُ بن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قالا: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ فرَغ مِن بَدرٍ بَشيرَينِ إلَى أهلِ المَدينَةِ زَيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ، فلَمّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ كَعبَ بنَ الأشرَفِ فقالَ: ويلَكُم (^٣) أحَقٌّ هذا؛ هَؤُلاءِ مُلوكُ العَرَبِ وسادَةُ الناسِ. يَعنِي قَتلَى قُرَيشٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَى مَكَّةَ فجَعَلَ يَبكِي على قَتلَى قُرَيشٍ، ويُحَرِّضُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأغمار: جمع غمر بالضم، وهو الجاهل الذي لم يجرب الأمور. النهاية ٣/ ٣٨٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٧٣، ١٧٤. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٠١)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٢٣٩ من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٤٧).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ويلك\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٨٧، ١٨٨.","vol":"19","page":10},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3927>بابُ مَن تُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ وهُمُ اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ (^١) [التوبة: ٢٩].\n\n١٨٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على سَريَّةٍ أو جَيشٍ أوصاه بتَقوَى اللهِ في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ خَيرًا وقالَ: \"إذا لَقِيتَ عَدوَّكَ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ فادعُهُم إلَى إحدَى ثلاثَ خِصالٍ - أو: خِلالٍ - فأَيَّتُهُنَ أجابوكَ إلَيها فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُمُ، ادعُهُم إلَى الإسلام، فإِن أجابوكَ فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ عَنهُم، ثُمّ ادعُهُم إلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِن دارِهِم إلَى دارِ المُهاجِرينَ، وأَعلِمْهُم أنَّهُم إن فعَلوا ذَلِكَ أنّ لَهُم ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ وأَنَّ عَلَيهِم ما على المُهاجِرينَ، فإِن أبَوا واختاروا دارَهُم فأَعلِمْهُم أنّهُم يَكونونَ مِثلَ أعرابِ المُسلِمينَ يَجرِي عَلَيهِم حُكمُ اللهِ الَّذِي كان يَجرِي على المُؤمِنينَ ولا يَكونُ لَهُم في الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ نَصيبٌ إلَّا أن يُجاهِدوا مَعَ المُسلِمينَ، فإِن هُم أبَوا فادعُهُم إلَى إعطاءِ الجِزيَة، فإِن أجابوكَ فاقبَلْ مِنهُم وكُفَّ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٧٥.","vol":"19","page":11},{"text":"عَنهُم، فإِن أبَوا فاستَعِن باللَّهِ وقاتِلْهُم، وإِذا حاصَرتَ (^١) أهلَ حِصنٍ فأَرادوكَ أن تُنزِلَهُم على حُكمِ اللَّهِ فلا تُنزِلْهُم؛ فإِنَّكُم لا تَدرونَ ما يَحكُمُ اللَّهُ فيهِم، ولَكِن أنزِلوهُم على حُكمِكُم، ثُمَّ اقضوا فيهِم بَعدُ ما شِئتُم\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٧٠ - قال سفيانُ: قال عَلقَمَةُ: فذَكَرتُ هذا الحديثَ لِمُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مسلم هو ابنُ هَيصَمٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن موسَى، أنبأنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثورِيُّ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على جَيشٍ أوصاه. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، زادَ فيه: \"وإِذا حاصَرتَ أهلَ حِصنٍ فأَرادوكَ على أن تَجعَلَ لَهُم ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وذِمَّةَ نَبيِّكَ فلا تَجعَلْ لَهُم ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وذِمَّةَ نَبيِّكَ، ولَكِنِ اجعَلْ لَهُم ذِمَّتَكَ وذِمَّةَ آبائكَ وذِمَمَ أصحابِكَ، فإِنَّكُم أن تُخفِروا (^٤) ذِمَمَكُم وذِمَمَ آبائِكُم أهوَنُ عَلَيكُم مِن أن تُخفِروا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وذِمَّةَ رسولِه\" (^٥). ولَم يَذكُرْ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قاتلت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٣٧٣٧)، وأبو داود (٢٦١٢). وتقدم في (١٧٨٢٢، ١٨٠٠٧) من طريق وكيع.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٢٦١٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان عقب (٤٧٣٩) من طريق علقمة بن مرثد به.\n(^٤) أخفرت الرجل: نقضت عهده وذمامه. التاج ١١/ ٢٠٧ (خ ف ر).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٨٠٠٧).","vol":"19","page":12},{"text":"إسنادَ حَديثِ مُقاتِلٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ دونَ إسنادِ مُقاتِلِ (^١)، ورَواه عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ وذَكَرَ فيه إسنادَ مُقاتِلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بن عبد الصَّمَد، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلقَمَةُ بن مَوثَدٍ أن سُلَيمانَ بنَ بُرَيدَةَ الأسلَمِيَّ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إذا بَعَثَ أميرًا على جَيشٍ أو سَريَّةٍ دَعاه فأَوصاه في خاصَّةِ نَفسِه وبِمَن مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بزيادَتِه في مَتنِه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن عبد الصَّمَدِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن الفَرَج، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، عن شُعبَةَ بنِ الحَجّاجِ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٨٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الهَرَوِيُّ قالا: أنبأنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٢، ٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٨٠)، وابن الجارود في المنتقى (١٠٤٢) من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٣١/ ٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٤٩٧)، وابن عدي ٢/ ٥٥٣ من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وتقدم في (١٨١٠٠).","vol":"19","page":13},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَنِي أبو بكرٍ فيمَن يُؤَذِّنَ يَومَ النَّحرِ بمِنًى ألَّا يَحُجَّ بَعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ، وألَّا يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ. ويَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبَرِ يَومُ النَّحر، وإِنَّما قيلَ: الحَجُّ الأكبَرُ مِن أجلِ قَولِ النّاسِ: الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ. فنَبَذَ أبو بكرٍ - ﵁ - إلَى النّاسِ في ذَلِكَ العام، فلَم يَحُجَّ في العامِ القابِلِ الَّذِي حَجَّ فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ مُشرِكٌ، وأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ في العامِ الَّذِي نَبَذَ فيه أبو بكرٍ إلَى المُشرِكينَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ﴾. إلَى قَولِه: ﴿عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨]. فكانَ المُشرِكونَ يوافونَ بالتِّجارَةِ فيَنتَفِعُ بها المُسلِمونَ، فلَمّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ على المُشرِكينَ أن (^١) يَقرَبوا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ وجَدَ المُسلِمونَ في أنفُسِهِم مِمّا قُطِعَ عَنهُم مِنَ التِّجارَةِ التي كان المُشرِكونَ يوافونَ بها، فقالَ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ﴾. ثُمَّ أحَل في الآيَةِ التي تَتبَعُها الجِزيَةَ، ولَم تَكُنْ، تُؤخَذُ قبلَ ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلَها عِوَضًا مِمّا مَنَعَهُم مِن موافاةِ المُشرِكينَ بتِجاراتِهِم فقالَ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩]. فلَمّا أحَلَّ اللهُ ذَلِكَ لِلمُسلِمينَ عَرَفوا أنَّه قَد عاضَهُم أفضلَ مِمّا كانوا وجَدوا عَلَيه مِمّا كان المُشرِكونَ يوافونَ به مِنَ التِّجارَةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"لا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٤٥) بالإسناد الأول. وأخرجه أبو داود (١٩٤٦) مقتصرًا على ذكر حجة أبي بكر، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٠٦٧) من طريق أبي اليمان به. وتقدم في (٩٣٨٠) =","vol":"19","page":14},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ إلَى قَولِه: حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ مُشرِكٌ. دونَ ما بَعدَه (^١)، وأَظنُّهُ مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِيِّ.\n\n١٨٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾. قال: نَزَلَ هذا حينَ أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه بغَزوَةِ تَبوكَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: فلَمّا انتهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى تَبوكَ أتاه يُحَنَّةُ (^٣) بن روبَةَ صاحِبُ أيلَةَ (^٤) فصالَحَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَعطاه الجِزيَةَ، وأَتاه أهلُ جَرباءَ (^٥) وأَذرُحَ (^٦)\n_________\n= مقتصرًا على حجة أبي بكر، وسيأتي في (١٨٧٧٦).\n(^١) البخاري (٣١٧٧).\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٣٦٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٧٨ من طريق ورقاء به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤٠٣، ٤٠٧ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٣) في الحاشية: \"في المتن: يحنة. مضببًا عليه، وفي الحاشية: بخط الحافظ: صوابه: سحنة\". اهـ. وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٥٠١، وصحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٢/ ١١٤، وتاج العروس ٢٤/ ٤٦٦.\n(^٤) أيلة: مدينة على ساحل بحر القلزم (البحر الأحمر) مما يلي الشام. معجم البلدان ١/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٥) في م: \"جربا\". واختلف في مدها وقصرها، وهي قرية بالشام. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٥/ ٥٨، وفتح الباري ١١/ ٤٧٠، ٤٧٢، وتاج العروس ٢/ ١٤٦، ١٤٧ (ج ر ب).\n(^٦) أذرح: قرية بالشام. معجم البلدان ١/ ١٢٩.","vol":"19","page":15},{"text":"فأَعطَوه الجِزيَةَ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بن عياضٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: يُقاتَلُ أهلُ الأوثانِ على الإسلام، ويُقاتَلُ أهلُ الكِتابِ على الجِزيَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3928>بابُ مَن لَحِقَ بأَهلِ الكِتابِ قبلَ نُزولِ الفُرقانِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٥٦]. قال: كانَتِ المَرأَةُ مِنَ الأنصارِ لا تكادُ يَعيشُ لَها ولَدٌ فتَحلِفُ لَئن عاشَ لَها ولَدٌ لَتُهَوِّدَنَّه، فلَمّا أُجليَت بَنو النَّضيرِ إذا فيهِم ناسٌ مِن أبناءِ الأنصار، فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أبناؤُنا. فأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿. ﴿لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ﴾. قال سعيدُ بن جُبَيرٍ: مَن شاءَ لَحِقَ بهِم ومَن شاءَ دَخَلَ في الإسلامِ (^٣). أخرَجَه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٤٧، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢/ ٤١.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٧٨). وأخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٤٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٤٣٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٤٨٣) من طريق فضيل بن عياض به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٧٦٤) عن إبراهيم بن مرزوق به. وابن حبان (١٤٠)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢٦٠٩) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٠٤٨، ١١٠٤٩) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"19","page":16},{"text":"أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\nورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ فأَرسَلَه:\n\n١٨٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ﴾. قال: نَزَلَت في الأنصارِ. قُلتُ: خاصَّةً؟ قال: خاصَّةً، كانَتِ المَرأَةُ مِنهُم إذا كانَت نَزِرَةً أو مِقلاةً (^٢) تَنذِرُ لَئن ولَدَتْ ولَدًا لَتَجعَلَنَّه في اليَهود، تَلتَمِسُ بذَلِكَ طولَ بَقائِه، فجاءَ الإسلامُ وفيهِم مِنهُم، فلَمّا أُجليَتِ النَّضيرُ قالَتِ الأنصارُ: يا رسولَ الله، أبناؤُنا وإِخوانُنا فيهِم. فسَكَتَ عَنهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فنَزَلَت: ﴿لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ﴾. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"قَد خُيرَ أصحابُكُم، فإِنِ اختاروكُم فهُم مِنكُم، وإنِ اختاروهُم فأَجْلوهُم مَعَهُم\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3929>بابُ مَن قال: تُؤخَذُ مِنهُم الجِزيَةُ عَرَبًا كانوا أو عَجَمًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الجِزيَةَ مِن أُكَيدِرِ دُومَةَ، وهو رَجُلٌ يُقالُ: مِن غَسّانَ أو كِندَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٦٨٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٣٣٣).\n(^٢) النزرة: قليلة الولد، والمقلاة: التي لا يعيش لها ولد. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٣/ ٨١.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٤٢٨ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٤/ ٥٤٨، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٨٠، ٦١١٥) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٧٣.","vol":"19","page":17},{"text":"١٨٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بن عثمانَ العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن زَكَريّا، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وعن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ إلَى أُكَيدِرِ دُومَةَ فأَخَذوه فأَتَوه به، فحَقَنَ له دَمَه وصالَحَه على الجِزيَةِ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بن رُومانَ وعَبدُ الله بن أبي بكر أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ إلَى أُكَيدِرِ بنِ عبد المَلِكِ رَجُلٍ مِن كِندَةَ كان مَلِكًا على دُومَةَ وكانَ نَصرانيًّا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِخالِدٍ: \"إنَّكَ سَتَجِدُه يَصيدُ البَقَرَ\". فخَرَجَ خالِدٌ حَتَّى إذا كان مِن حِصنِه مَنظَرَ العَينِ وفِي لَيلَةٍ مُقمِرَةٍ صافيَةٍ وهو على سَطحٍ ومَعَه امرأتُه، فأَتَتِ البَقَرُ تَحُكُّ بقُرونِها بابَ القَصر، فقالَت له امرأتُه: هَل رأيتَ مِثلَ هذا قَطُّ؛ قال: لا واللهِ. قالَت: فمَن يَترُكُ مِثلَ هذا؟ قال: لا أحَدَ. فنَزَلَ فأَمَرَ بفَرَسِه فأُسرِجَ، ورَكِبَ مَعَه نَفَرٌ مِن أهلِ بَيتِه فيهِم أخٌ له يُقالُ له: حَسّانُ، فخَرَجوا مَعَه بمَطارِدِهِم (^٢) فتَلَقَّتهُم (^٣) خَيلُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فأَخَذَته، وقَتَلوا أخاه حَسّانَ، وكانَ عَلَيه قَباءُ ديباجٍ مُخَوَّصٌ بالذَّهَبِ فاستَلَبَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٣٧) من طريق يحيى بن زكريا به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٢١).\n(^٢) المطارد جمع مِطْرد، وهو الرمح القصير. ينظر التاج ٨/ ٣٢٠ (ط ر د).\n(^٣) في م: \"فتلقاهم\".","vol":"19","page":18},{"text":"إيّاه خالِدُ بن الوَليدِ فبَعَثَ به إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قبلَ قُدومِه عَلَيه، ثُمَّ إنَّ خالِدًا قَدِمَ بالأُكَيدِرِ على رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فحَقَنَ له دَمَه وصالَحَه على الجِزيَةِ وخَلَّى سَبيلَه فرَجَعَ إلَى قَريَتِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وأَخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - الجِزيَةَ مِن أهلِ ذِمَّةِ اليَمَنِ وعامّتُهُم عرَب، ومِن أهلِ نجران وفيهِم عرَب (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصمٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى اليَمَنِ وأَمَرَنِي أن آخُذَ مِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عِدلَه مَعافِرَ (^٣). قال يَحيَى بن آدَمَ: وإِنَّما هذه الجِزيَةُ على أهلِ اليَمَنِ - وهُم قَومٌ عرَبٌ - لأنّهُم أهل كِتابٍ، ألا تَرَى أنّه قال: \"لا يُفتَنُ يَهودِيٌّ عن يَهوديَّتِه (^٤) \"؛ يَعنِي في رِوايَتِه عن جَريرٍ عن مَنصورٍ عن الحَكَمِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ بذَلِكَ (^٥).\n\n١٨٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٢٥٠. ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٩/ ٢٠١، ٢٠٢.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٧٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢٤)، ويحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٢٨). وتقدم في (٧٣٦٣، ٧٣٦٤)، وسيأتي في (١٨٧٠٠ - ١٨٧٠٢).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يهودية\".\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٨٧٠٥).","vol":"19","page":19},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُصَرفُ بن عمرٍو اليامِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، أنبأنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِيّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: صالَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهلَ نَجرانَ على ألفَي حُلَّةٍ. وَذَكَرَ الحديث (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: قَد أخَذَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الجِزيَةَ مِن أُكَيدِرَ الغَسّانِيِّ. ويَروونَ أنَّه صالَحَ رِجالًا مِنَ العَرَبِ على الجِزيَة، فأَمّا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - ومَن بَعدَه مِنَ الخُلَفاءِ إلَى اليَومِ فقَد أخَذوا الجِزيَةَ مِن بَنِي تَغلِبَ وتَنُوخَ وبَهراءَ وخِلطٍ مِن خِلطِ العَرَب، وهُم إلَى السّاعَةِ مُقيمونَ على النَّصرانيَّةِ يُضاعَفُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ وذَلِكَ جِزيَةٌ، وإِنَّما الجِزيَةُ على الأديانِ لا على الأنساب، ولَولا أن نأثَمَ بتَمَنِّي باطِلٍ ودِدنا أن الَّذِي قال أبو يوسُفَ كما قال، وألَّا يُجرَى صَغارٌ على عَرَبِيٍّ، ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أجَلُّ في أعيُنِنا مِن أن نُحِبَّ غَيرَ ما قَضَى بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أباه يَومَ المَرجِ (^٣) يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبي يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٤٩)، والمعرفة (٥٥٢٧)، وأبو داود (٣٠٤١). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٥٨)، وسيأتي في (١٨٧١٥، ١٨٧٤٩).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٦٩.\n(^٣) هي وقعة مرج راهط، وكانت عام ٦٤ هـ، انتصر فيها مروان بن الحكم على الضحاك بن قيس وكان =","vol":"19","page":20},{"text":"سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يقولُ: لَولا أنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ سَيَمنَعُ الدِّينَ بنَصارَى مِن رَبيعَةَ على شاطِئِ الفُراتِ\". ما تَرَكتُ عَرَبيًّا إلَّا قَتَلتُه أو يُسلِمَ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ في قِصَّةِ وُرودِ خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ مِن جِهَةِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ - ﵄ - الحِيرَةَ ومُحاوَرَةِ هانِئِ بنِ قَبيصَةَ إيّاه: فقالَ خالِدٌ: أدعوكُم إلَى الإسلامِ وإِلَى أن تَشهَدوا أنَّه لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وحدَه وأَنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، وتُقيموا الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتوا الزَّكاةَ، وتُقِرّوا بأَحكامِ المُسلِمينَ، على أنَّ لَكُم مِثلَ ما لَهُم وعَلَيكُم مِثلَ ما عَلَيهِم. فقالَ هانِئٌ: فإِن لَم أشأْ ذَلِكَ فمَه؛ قال: فإِن أبَيتُم ذَلِكَ أدَّيتُمُ الجِزيَةَ عن يَدٍ. قال: فإِن أبَينا ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فإِن أبَيتُم ذَلِكَ وطِئتُكُم بقَومٍ المَوتُ أحَبُّ إلَيهِم مِنَ الحَياةِ إلَيكُم. فقالَ هانِئٌ: أجِّلْنا لَيلَتَنا هذه فنَنظُرَ في أمرِنا. قال: قَد فعَلتُ. فلَمّا أصبَحَ القَومُ غَدا هانِئٌ فقالَ: إنَّه قَدِ اجتَمَعَ (^٢) أمرُنا على أن نُؤَدِّيَ الجِزيَةَ فهَلُمَّ فَلأُصالِحَكَ. فقالَ له خالِدٌ: كَيفَ وأَنتُم قَومٌ عَرَبٌ تَكونُ الجِزيَةُ والذُّلُّ أحَبَّ إلَيكُم مِنَ القِتالِ والعِزِّ؟! فقالَ: نَظَرْنا فيما يُقتَلُ مِنّا فإِذا هُم لا يَرجِعونَ، ونَظَرنا إلَى ما يُؤخَذُ مِنّا مِنَ المالِ فقَلَّما نَلبَثُ حَتَّى يُخلِفَه اللَّهُ لَنا. قال:\n_________\n= بايع ابن الزبير. ينظر البداية والنهاية ١١/ ٦٧٣.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثاني (١٦٢٠)، والبزار (٣١٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٧٠) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٤٨: عبد الله مجهول.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أجمع\".","vol":"19","page":21},{"text":"فصالَحَهُم خالِدٌ على تِسعينَ ألفًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3930>باب من زعم أنَّما تُؤخَذُ الجزيةُ من العَجَمِ</span>\n\n١٨٦٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عثمانَ بنِ أبي سوَيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن، مَسعودٍ النَّهدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأعمَش، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباس - ﵄ - قال: عادَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أبا طالِبٍ وعِندَه ناسٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ وعِندَ رأسِه مَقعَدُ رَجُلٍ، فلَمّا رآه أبو جَهلٍ قامَ فجَلَسَ فقالَ: ابنُ أخيكَ يَذكُرُ آلِهَتَنا. فقالَ أبو طالِبٍ: ما شأنُ قَومِكَ يَشكونَكَ؟ قال: \"يا عَمِّ أُريدُهُم على كَلِمَةٍ تَدينُ لَهُمُ العَرَبُ وتُؤَدِّي إلَيهِمُ العَجَمُ الجِزيَةَ\". قال: ما هِيَ؟ قال: \"شَهادَةُ أن لا إلَه إلا اللهُ\". فقاموا وقالوا: أجَعَلَ الآلِهَةَ إلَهًا واحِدًا؟! قال: ونَزَلَ: ﴿ص وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ﴾ حَتَّى إذا بَلَغَ: ﴿إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ﴾ [ص: ١ - ٥]. لَفظُ حَديثِ المُقرِيءِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تاريخه ٣/ ٣٤٤ من طريق ابن إسحاق عن صالح بن كيسان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨)، والترمذي عقب (٣٢٣٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٦٦٨٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٤٩: منكر؛ فإن الجزية إنما فرضت بعد أبي طالب بسنين.","vol":"19","page":22},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3931>بابُ ذِكرِ كُتُبٍ أنزَلَها اللَّهُ تَعالَى قبلَ نُزولِ القُرآنِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَى (٣٦) وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى﴾ [النجم: ٣٦ - ٣٧].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولَيسَ يُعرَفُ تِلاوَةُ كِتابِ إبراهيمَ، وذَكَرَ زَبورَ داودَ وقالَ: ﴿وَإِنَّهُ لَفِي زُبُرِ الْأَوَّلِينَ﴾ (^١) [الشعراء: ١٩٦].\n\n١٨٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أنبأنا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"نَزَلَت صُحُفُ إبراهيمَ أوَّل لَيلَةٍ مِن رَمَضانَ، وأُنزِلَتِ التَّوراةُ لِسِتٍّ مَضَينَ مِن رَمَضانَ، وأُنزِلَ الإنجيلُ لِثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ، وأُنزِلَ الزَّبورُ لِثَمانِ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِن رَمَضانَ، والقُرآنُ لأربَعٍ وعِشرينَ خَلَت مِن رَمَضانَ\" (^٢).\nوفيما رَوَى الرَّبيعُ بن صَبيحٍ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ قال: أنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى مِائَةً وأَربَعَةَ كُتُبٍ مِنَ السَّماءِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث ص ١٣٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٩٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٣/ ١٨٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٥١٩، ١٦٤٩، ١٤٠٨٠)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ٧٥ (١٨٥) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به. وأحمد (١٦٩٨٤) من طريق عمران أبي العوام به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الثعلبي في تفسيره ١/ ٩١ بسنده عن الحسن مطولًا.","vol":"19","page":23},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3932>بابٌ: المَجوسُ أهلُ كِتابٍ والجِزيَةُ تُؤخَذُ مِنهُم</span>\n\n١٨٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي سَعدٍ سعيدِ بنِ المَرزُبان، عن نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ قال: قال فروَةُ بن نَوفَلٍ الأشجَعِيُّ: عَلامَ تُؤخَذُ الجِزيَةُ مِنَ المَجوسِ ولَيسوا بأَهلِ كِتابٍ؟! فقامَ إلَيه المُستَورِدُ فأَخَذَ يُلَبِّبُه (^١) فقالَ: يا عَدوَّ اللهِ تَطعُنُ على أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ - ﵄ - وعَلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ - يَعنِي عَليًّا - وقَد أخَذوا مِنهُمُ الجِزيَةَ؟! فذَهَبَ به إلَى القَصرِ فخَرَجَ عليٌّ عَلَيهِما فقالَ: أَلْبِدَا (^٢). فجَلَسا في ظِلِّ القَصر، فقالَ عليٌّ: أنا أعلمُ النّاسِ بالمَجوس، كان لَهُم عِلمٌ يَعْلَمونَه وكِتاب يَدرُسونَه، وإِنَّ مَلِكَهُم سَكِرَ فوَقَعَ على ابنَتِه أو أُختِه، فاطَّلَعَ عَلَيه بَعضُ أهلِ مَملَكَتِه، فلَمّا صَحا جاءوا يُقيمونَ عَلَيه الحَدَّ فامتَنَعَ مِنهُم فدَعا أهلَ مَملَكَتِه، فلَمّا أتَوه قال: تَعلَمونَ دينًا خَيرًا مِن دينِ آدَمَ وقَد كان يُنكِحُ بَنيه مِن بَناتِه؟ وأَنا على دينِ آدَمَ، ما يَرغَبُ بكُم عن دينِه؟ قال: فبايَعوه وقاتَلوا الَّذينَ خالَفوهُم حَتَّى قَتَلوهُم فأَصبَحوا وقَد أُسرِيَ على كِتابِهِم فرُفِعَ مِن بَينِ أظهُرِهِم، وذَهَبَ العِلمُ الَّذِي في صُدورِهِم، فهُم أهلُ كِتابٍ، وقَد أخَذَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ - رضي الله عنمهما - مِنهُمُ الجِزيَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) يلبِّبه: أي: يجعل في عنقه ثوبًا أو غيره ويجره إليه. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) ألبدا: أقيما. التاج ٩/ ١٢٥ (ل ب د).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥١٥)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٣، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٤٠).\nوأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٢٩، ١٩٢٦٢) عن سفيان بن عيينة به بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":24},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ العاصِمِيَّ يقول: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: وهِمَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ في هذا الإِسنادِ رَواه عن أبي سَعدٍ البَقّالِ فقالَ: عن نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ. ونَصرُ بن عاصِمٍ هو اللَّيثِيُّ، وإنَّما هو عيسَى بن عاصِمٍ الأسَدِيُّ كوفِيٌّ. قال ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ: والغَلَطُ فيه مِنِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ لا مِنَ الشّافِعِيِّ، فقَد رَواه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ غَيرُ الشّافِعِيِّ فقالَ: عن نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ.\n\n١٨٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِي، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، سَمِعَ بَجالَةَ (^١) بنَ عَبَدَةَ يقولُ: كُنتُ كاتِبًا لجَزِيْ (^٢) بنِ مُعاويَةَ عَمِّ الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ فأَتاه كِتابُ عُمَرَ: اقتُلوا كُلَّ ساحِرٍ وفَرِّقوا بَينَ كُلِّ ذِي مَحرَمٍ مِنَ المَجوسِ. ولَم يَكُنْ عُمَرُ أخَذَ الجِزيَةَ مِنَ المَجوسِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخَذَها مِن مَجوسِ هَجَرَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"بحالة\". وينظر توضيح المشتبه ٦/ ١٠٤.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطه في الأصل، وفي بقية النسخ: \"لجزء\". وينظر الخلاف في ضبطه في المؤتلف والمختلف ١/ ١٢٣، والإكمال ٢/ ٨١، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٦٧٢، والمشتبه ١/ ١٥٣.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٤٢). وتقدم في (١٦٥٧٦، ١٧٢٠٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٥٦، ٣١٥٧).","vol":"19","page":25},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مُختَصَرًا في الجِزيَةِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: حَديثُ بَجالَةَ مُتَّصِلٌ ثابِتٌ؛ لأنَّه (^١) أدرَكَ عُمَرَ وكانَ رَجُلًا في زَمانِه كاتِبًا لِعُمّالِه، وحَديثُ نَصرِ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن عليٍّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُتَّصِلٌ، وبِه نأخُذُ، وقَد رُوِيَ مِن حَديثِ الحِجازِ حَديثانِ مُنقَطِعانِ بأَخذِ الجِزيَةِ مِنَ المَجوسِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ذَكَرَ المَجوسَ فقالَ: ما أدرِي كَيفَ أصنَعُ في أمرِهِم؟ فقالَ له عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ: أشهَدُ لَسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"سُنّوا بهِم سُنَّةَ أهلِ الكِتابِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"وأنه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥١١)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٤. ويظر ما تقدم عقب (١٧١٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٤٣)، والمعرفة (٥٥١٢)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٤، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٢٥، ١٩٢٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (١٠٨٦١، ٣٣١٩١) من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.","vol":"19","page":26},{"text":"القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباس، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخَذَ الجِزيَةَ مِن مَجوسِ البحرَين، وأَنَّ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ أخَذَها مِنَ البَربَرِ. زادَ ابنُ وهبٍ في رِوايَتِه: وأَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أخَذَها مِن مَجوسِ فارِسَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وابنُ شِهابٍ إنَّما أخَذَ حَديثَه هذا عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، وابنُ المُسَيَّبِ حَسَنُ المُرسَل، كَيفَ وقَدِ انضَمَّ إلَيه ما تَقَدَّمَ؟\n\n١٨٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أنبأنا ابنُ وهب، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخَذَ الجِزيَةَ مِن مَجوسِ هَجَرَ، وأَنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أخَذَها مِن مَجوسِ السَّواد، وأَنَّ عثمانَ أخَذَها مِن مَجوسِ بَربَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥١٣)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٤، ومالك ١/ ٢٧٨، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٨٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٨٥)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٦٤٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٤٤). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٠٣١) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"19","page":27},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مِسكينٍ اليَمامِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَسّانَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، عن قُشَيرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن بَجالَةَ بنِ عَبَدَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأسبَذيّينَ (^١) مِن أهلِ البحرَين، وهُم مَجوسُ أهلِ هَجَرَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فمَكَثَ عِندَه ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فسألتُه: ما قَضَى اللَّهُ ورسولُه فيكُم؟ قال: شَرًّا. قُلتُ: مَه؟ قال: الإسلامَ أوِ القَتلَ. قال: وقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ: قَبِلَ مِنهُمُ الجِزيَةَ. قالَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: وأَخَذَ النّاسُ بقَولِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وتَرَكوا ما سَمِعتُ أنا مِنَ الأسبَذِيِّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: نِعمَ ما صنَعوا؛ تَرَكوا رِوايَةَ الأسبَذِيِّ المَجوسِيِّ وأَخَذوا برِوايَةِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ، على أنَّه قَد يَحكُمُ بَينَهُم بما قال الأسبَذِيُّ، ثُمَّ يأتيه الوَحيُ بقَبولِ الجِزيَةِ مِنهُم فيَقبَلُها كما قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٦٩٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ المُغيرَة، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"الأسبذين\"، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\". والأسبذيون: نسبة إلى أسبذ، وهي قرية بالبحرين. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ١٧١.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٠٤٤). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابي في معجمه (١٠٧٦). وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ٥٧٢ من طريق هشيم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٥٩).","vol":"19","page":28},{"text":"إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ أن المِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ أخبَرَه أن عمرَو بنَ عَوفٍ - وهو حَليف لبَنِي عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيٍّ، كان شَهِدَ بَدرًا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أخبَرَه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ بنَ الجَرّاحِ إلَى البحرَينِ يأتِي بجِزيَتِها، وكانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - هو صالَحَ أهلَ البحرَينِ وأَمَّرَ عَلَيهِمُ العَلاءَ بنَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، فقَدِمَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ بمالٍ مِنَ البحرَين، فسَمِعَتِ الأنصارُ بقُدومِه فوافَت صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ تَعَرَّضوا له، فتَبَسَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ رآهُم وقالَ: \"أظُنُّكُم سَمِعتُم بقُدومِ أبي عُبَيدَةَ وأنَّه جاءَ بشَئ\". فَقالوا: أجَلْ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ: \"أبشِروا وأَمِّلوا ما يَسُرُّكُم، فواللَّهِ ما الفَقرَ أخشَى عَلَيكُم، ولَكِن أخشَى عَلَيكُم أن تُبسَطَ الدُّنيا عَلَيكُم كما بُسِطَت على مَن كان قَبلَكُم فتَنافسوها وتُلهيَكُم كما ألهَتْهُم\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٦٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنا أبي، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٥)، ومسلم (٢٩٦١/ ٦)، والترمذي (٢٤٦٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٦) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٢٥).\n(^٣) أحمد (١٧٢٣٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٦٧) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم بن سعد به.","vol":"19","page":29},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ الحُلوانِيِّ عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n١٨٦٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بن العَلاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عُبَيدِ الله، حدثنا بكرُ بن عبد اللَّهِ المُزَنِيُّ وزيادُ بن جُبَيرٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ قال: بَعَثَ عُمَرُ النَّاسَ مِن أفناءِ الأمصارِ يُقاتِلونَ المُشرِكينَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إسلامِ الهُرْمُزانِ، قال: فقالَ: إنِّي مُستَشيرُكَ في مَغازِيَّ هذه فأَشِرْ عليَّ في مَغازِي المُسلِمينَ. قال: نَعَم يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، الأرضُ مَثَلُها ومَثَلُ مَن فيها مِنَ النّاسِ مِن عَدوِّ المُسلِمينَ مَثَلُ طائرٍ له رأسٌ ولَه جَناحانِ ولَه رِجلانِ، فإِن كُسِرَ أحَدُ الجَناحَينِ نَهَضَتِ الرِّجلانِ بجَناحٍ والرّأسُ، وإِن كُسِرَ الجَناحُ الآخَرُ نَهَضَتِ الرِّجلانِ والرّأسُ، وإِن شُدِخَ الرّأسُ ذَهَبَتِ الرِّجلانِ والجَناحانِ والرأسُ؛ فالرّأسُ كِسرَى، والجَناحُ قَيصَرُ، والجَناحُ الآخَرُ فارِسُ، فمُرِ المُسلِمينَ أن يَنفِروا إلَى كِسرَى. فقالَ بكر وزياد جَميعًا عن جُبَيرِ بنِ حَيَّةَ قال: فنَدَبَنا عُمَرُ واستَعمَلَ عَلَينا رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ يُقالُ له: النُّعمانُ بن مُقَرِّنٍ، وحَشَرَ المُسلِمينَ مَعَه. قال: وخَرَجنا فيمَن خَرَجَ مِنَ النّاس، حَتَّى إذا دَنَونا مِنَ القَومِ وأَداةُ الناسِ وسِلاحُهُمُ الحَجَفُ (^٢) والرِّماحُ المُكَسَّرَةُ والنَّبلُ.\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٩٦١/ عقب ٦).\n(^٢) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"الجحف\". والحجف: التروس إذا كانت من جلود وليس فيها خشب. ينظر التاج ٢٣/ ١١٨ (ح ج ف).","vol":"19","page":30},{"text":"قال: فانطَلَقنا نَسيرُ وما لَنا كَثيرُ خُيولٍ - أو: ما لَنا خُيولٌ - حَتَّى إذا كُنّا بأَرضِ العَدوِّ وبَينَنا وبَينَ القَومِ نَهَرٌ خَرَجَ عَلَينا عامِلٌ لِكِسرَى (^١) في أربَعينَ ألفًا، حَتَّى وقَفوا على النَّهَرِ ووَقَفنا مِن حيالِه الآخَرِ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ أخرِجوا إلَينا رَجُلًا يُكَلِّمُنا. فأُخرِجَ إلَيه المُغيرَةُ بن شُعبَةَ وكانَ رَجُلًا قَدِ اتَّجَرَ وعَلِمَ الألسِنَةَ. قال: فقامَ تَرجُمانُ القَومِ فتَكَلَّمَ دونَ مَلِكِهِم. قال: فقالَ لِلنّاسِ: ليُكَلِّمْنِي رَجُلٌ مِنكُم. فقالَ المُغيرَةُ: سَل عَمّا شِئتَ. فقالَ: ما أنتُم؟ فقالَ: نَحنُ ناسٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ كُنّا في شَقاءٍ شَديدٍ، وبَلاءٍ طَويلٍ، نَمَصُّ الجِلدَ والنَّوَى مِنَ الجوع، ونَلبَسُ الوَبَرَ والشَّعَرَ، ونَعبُدُ الشَّجَرَ والحَجَرَ، فبَينا نَحنُ كَذَلِكَ إذ بَعَثَ رَبُّ السَّماواتِ ورَبُّ الأرضِ إلَينا نَبيًّا مِن أنفُسِنا نَعرِفُ أباه وأُمَّه، فأَمَرَنا نَبيُّنا رسولُ رَبِّنا - ﷺ - أن نُقاتِلَكُم حَتَّى تَعبُدوا اللَّهَ وحدَه أو تُؤَدّوا الجِزيَةَ، وأخبرَنا نَبيُّنا عن رِسالَةِ رَبِّنا أنَّه مَن قُتِلَ مِنّا صارَ إلَى جَنَّةٍ ونَعيمٍ لَم يُرَ مِثلُه قَطُّ، ومَن بَقِيَ مِنّا مَلَكَ رِقابَكُم. قال: فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: بَينَنا وبَينَكُم بَعدَ غَدٍ حَتَّى نأمُرَ بالجِسرِ يُجسَرُ. قال: فافتَرَقوا وجَسَروا الجِسرَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ أعداءَ اللَّهِ قَطَعوا إلَينا في مِائَةِ ألفٍ؛ سِتّونَ ألفًا يَجُرّونَ الحَديدَ، وأَربَعونَ ألفًا رُماةُ الحَدَق، فأَطافوا بنا عَشْرَ مَرّاتٍ. قال: وكُنّا اثنَيْ عَشَرَ ألفًا فقالوا: هاتوا لَنا رَجُلًا يُكَلِّمُنا. فأَخرَجنا المُغيرَةَ فأَعادَ عَلَيهِم كَلامَه الأوَّلَ، فقالَ المَلِكُ: أتَدرونَ ما مَثَلُنا ومَثَلُكُم؟ قال المُغيرَةُ: ما مَثَلُنا ومَثَلُكُم؟ قال: مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ له بُستانٌ ذو رَياحِينَ وكانَ له ثَعلَبٌ قَد آذاه، فقالَ له رَبُّ البُستانِ: يا أيُّها الثَّعلَبُ لَولا أن\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"كسرى\".","vol":"19","page":31},{"text":"يُنتِنَ حائطِي مِن جيفَتِكَ لَهَيّأتُ ما قَد قَتَلَكَ، وإِنّا لَولا أن تُنتِنَ بَلادُنا مِن جيَفِكُم (^١) لَكُنّا قَد قَتَلناكُم بالأمسِ. قال له المُغيرَةُ: هَل تَدرِي ما قال الثَّعلَبُ لِرَبِّ البُستانِ؟ قال: ما قال له؟ قال: قال له: يا رَبَّ البُستان، أن أموتَ في حائطِكَ ذا بَينَ الرَّياحينِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أخرُجَ إلَى أرضٍ قَفرٍ لَيسَ بها شَئٌ. وإِنَّه واللَّهِ لَو لَم يَكُنْ دينٌ وقَد كُنّا مِن شَقاءِ العَيشِ فيما ذَكَرتُ لَكَ ما عُدنا في ذَلِكَ الشَّقاءِ أبَدًا حَتَّى نُشارِكَكُم فيما أنتُم فيه أو نَموتَ، فكَيفَ بنا ومَن قُتِلَ مِنّا صارَ إلَى رَحمَةِ الله وجَنَّتِه، ومَن بَقِيَ مِنّا مَلَكَ رِقابَكُم؟! قال جُبَيرٌ: فأَقَمْنا عَلَيهِم يَومًا لا نُقاتِلُهُم ولا يُقاتِلُنا القَومُ. قال: فقامَ المُغيرَةُ إلَى النُّعمانِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ فقالَ: يا أيُّها الأميرُ إنَّ النَّهارَ قَد صَنَعَ ما تَرَى، واللَّهِ لَو وُلّيتُ مِن أمرِ الناسِ مِثلَ الَّذِي وُلّيتَ مِنهُم لألحَقتُ النّاسَ بَعضَهُم ببَعضٍ حَتَّى يَحكُمَ اللهُ بَينَ عِبادَه بما أحَبَّ. فقالَ النُّعمانُ: رُبَّما أشهَدَكَ اللَّهُ مِثلَها ثُمَّ لَم يُنَذَمْكَ ولَم يُخزِكَ، ولَكِنِّي شَهِدتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَثيرًا، كان إذا لَم يُقاتِلْ في أوَّلِ النَّهارِ انتَظَرَ حَتَّى تَهُبَّ الأرواحُ وتَحضُرَ الصَّلَواتُ (^٢)، ألا أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّي لَستُ لِكُلِّكُم أُسمِعُ، فانظُروا إلَى رايَتِي هذه فإِذا حَرَّكتُها فاستَعِدّوا، مَن أرادَ أن يَطعُنَ برُمحِه فليُيَسِّرْ رُمحَه (^٣)، ومَن أرادَ أن يَضرِبَ بعَصاه فليُيَسِّرْ عَصاه، ومَن أراد أن يَطعُنَ بخِنجَرِه فليُيَسِّرْه، ومَن أرادَ أن يَضرِبَ بسَيفِه فليُيَسِّرْ سَيفَه، ألا يا أيُّها النّاسُ إنِّي مُحَرِّكُها الثّانيَةَ فاستَعِدّوا،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"جيفتكم\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الصلاة\".\n(^٣) زيادة من حاشية الأصل، وفي م: \"فلييسره\". مكان: \"فلييسر رمحه\".","vol":"19","page":32},{"text":"ثُمَّ إنِّي مُحَرِّكُها الثّالِثَةَ فشُدّوا على بَرَكَةِ الله، فإِن قُتِلتُ فالأميرُ أخِي، فإِن قُتِلَ أخِي فالأميرُ حُذَيفَةُ، فإِن قُتِلَ حُذَيفَةُ فالأميرُ المُغيرَةُ بن شُعبَةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِي زيادٌ أن أباه قال: قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ، فنَظَرنا (^١) إلَى بَغلٍ موقَرٍ عَسَلًا وسَمنًا، قَد كُدِسَتِ القَتلَى عَلَيه فما أُشَبِّهُه إلَّا كَومًا مِن كَومِ السَّمَكِ يُلقَى (^٢) بَعضُه على بَعضٍ، فعَرَفتُ أنَّه إنَّما يَكونُ القَتلُ (^٣) في الأرضِ ولَكِن هذا شَئٌ صَنَعَه اللَّهُ، وطهَرَ المُسلِمونَ وقُتِلَ النُّعمانُ وأَخوه وصارَ الأمرُ إلَى حُذَيفَةَ. فهَذا حَديثُ زيادٍ وبَكرٍ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو رَجاءٍ الحَنَفِيُّ قال: كتَبَ حُذَيفَةُ إلَى عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه أُصيبَ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ وفيمَن (^٤) لا يُعرَفُ أكثَرُ. فلَمّا قرأَ الكِتابَ رَفَعَ صَوتَه ثُمَّ بَكَى وبَكَى فقالَ: بَلِ اللَّهُ يَعرِفُهُم. ثَلاثًا (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مُختَصرًا عن الفَضلِ بنِ يَعقوبَ عن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ جَعفَرِ الرَّقِّيِّ (^٦).\nوفيه دِلالَةٌ على أخذِ الجِزيَةِ مِنَ المَجوسِ واللهُ أعلمُ، فقَد كان كِسرَى وأَصحابُه مَجوسًا.\n\n١٨٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فنظروا\".\n(^٢) في م: \"ملقى\".\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"القتلى\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"وممن\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٨٢٣٣) مختصرًا، وسيأتي قبل (١٨٨٥٥).\n(^٦) البخاري (٣١٥٩).","vol":"19","page":33},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سِنانٍ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بلالٍ، عن عِمرانَ القَطّان، عن أبي جَمرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: إنَّ أهلَ فارِسَ لَمّا ماتَ نَبيُّهُم كَتَبَ لَهُم إبليسُ المَجوسيَّةَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3933>بابُ الفَرقِ بَيَن نِكاحِ نِساءِ مَن يُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ وذَبائحِهِم</span>\n\n١٨٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن علي الحافظُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ على قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مَجوسِ هَجَرَ يَعرِضُ عَلَيهِمُ الإسلامَ، فمَن أسلَمَ قُبِلَ مِنه ومَن أبَى ضُرِبَت عَلَيه الجِزيَةُ، على ألا تُؤكَلَ لَهُم ذَبيحَةٌ، ولا تُنكَحَ لَهُمُ امرأةٌ (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وإِجماعُ أكثَرِ المُسلِمينَ عَلَيه يُؤَكِّدُه، ولا يَصِحُّ ما رُوِيَ عن حُذَيفَةَ في نِكاحِ مَجوسيَّةٍ (^٣)، والرِّوايَةُ في نَصارَى بَنِي تَغلِبَ عن عُمَرَ وعَلِيٍّ - ﵄ - تَرِدُ في مَوضِعِها إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3934>بابُ كَمِ الجِزيَةُ</span>\n\n١٨٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٤٢). وحسن إسناده الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٢٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٤٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٨٦). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٢٨، ١٩٢٥٦)، وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٧٦)، وابن زنجويه (١٢٤) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٤١٠٤).\n(^٤) سيأتي في (١٨٨٣٣، ١٨٨٣٨، ١٨٨٣٩).","vol":"19","page":34},{"text":"عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ وأَمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِنَ البَقَرِ مِن كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ بَقَرَةً تَبيعًا، ومِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً، ومِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عَدلَه ثَوبَ مَعافِرَ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن مُعاذٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَمّا وجَّهَه إلَى اليَمَنِ أمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِنَ البَقَرِ مِن كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعًا أوتَبيعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ مُسِنَّةً، ومِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ - يَعنى: مُحتَلِمٍ - دينارًا أو عَدلَه مِنَ المَعافِرِيّ، ثيابٌ تَكونُ باليَمَنِ (^٢).\nقال: وحَدَّثَنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن مُعاذٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٣). قال أبو داودَ في بَعضِ النُّسَخِ: هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ، بَلَغَني عن أحمدَ أنَّه كان يُنكِرُ هذا الحديثَ إنكارًا شَديدًا.\nقال الشيخُ: إنَّما المُنكَرُ رِوايَةُ أبي مُعاويَةَ عن الأعمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ عن مَسروقٍ عن مُعاذٍ، فأَمّا رِوايَةُ الأعمَشِ عن أبي وائلٍ عن مَسروقٍ فإِنَّها مَحفوظَةٌ؛ قَد رَواها عن الأعمَشِ جَماعَةٌ مِنهُم سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ وشُعبَةُ ومَعمَرٌ وجَريرٌ وأبو عَوانَةَ ويَحيَى بن سعيدٍ وحَفصُ بن غِياثٍ، قال بَعضُهُم:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٢٢٣٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٩٧، وصححه. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٨) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وتقدم في (٧٣٦٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (١٥٧٦، ٣٠٣٨). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٥٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٢٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١٥٧٧، ٣٠٣٩). وأخرجه النسائي (٢٤٥١) من طريق أبي معاوية به.","vol":"19","page":35},{"text":"عن مُعاذٍ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَمّا بَعَثَ مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ. أو ما في مَعناه (^١).\nوأَمّا حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ فالصَّوابُ كما:\n\n١٨٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّل، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أنبأنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ عن شَقيقٍ عن مَسروقٍ، والأعمَشُ عن إبراهيمَ قالا: قال مُعاذٌ: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى اليَمَنِ فأَمَرَنِي أن آخُذَ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً ثَنيَّةً، ومِن كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ تَبيعًا أو تَبيعَةً، ومِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عَدلَه مَعافِرَ (^٢).\nهذا هو المَحفوظُ؛ حَديثُ الأعمَشِ عن أبي وائلٍ شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ عن مَسروقٍ، وحَديثُه عن إبراهيمَ مُنقَطِعٌ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ مَسروقٍ.\nوقَد رُوّيناه عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبي النَّجودِ عن أبي وائلٍ عن مَسروقٍ عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بن\n_________\n(^١) رواية الثوري ومعمر تقدمت في (٧٣٦٣)، ورواية شعبة أخرجها الطيالسي (٥٦٨)، والحديث ذكره أبو داود عقب (١٥٧٨) من رواية جرير ويعلى ومعمر وشعبة وأبى عوانة ويحيى بن سعيد.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧٣٦٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٦٨٢).","vol":"19","page":36},{"text":"محمدٍ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن أبي حَكيم، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيز، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ: \"إنَّ على كُلِّ إنسانٍ مِنكُم دينارًا كُلَّ سنةٍ أو قيمَتَه مِنَ المَعافِرِ\". يَعنِي أهلَ الذِّمَّةِ مِنهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَى مُطَرِّفُ بن مازِنٍ وهِشامُ بن يوسُفَ بإِسنادٍ لا أحفَظُه غَيرَ أنَّه حَسَنٌ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فرَضَ على أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ دينارًا كُلَّ سنةٍ. فقُلتُ لِمُطَرِّفِ بنِ مازِنٍ: فإِنَّه يُقالُ: وعَلَى النِّساءِ أيضًا. فقالَ: لَيسَ أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أخَذَ مِنَ النِّساءِ ثابِتًا عِندَنا (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبد الحَميدِ الضَّبِّيُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - إلَى مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ باليَمَنِ: \"على كُلِّ حالِمٍ أو حالِمَةٍ دينارًا أو قيمَتَه، ولا يُفتَنُ يَهودِيٌّ عن يَهوديَّتهِ\". قال يَحيَى: ولَم أسمَعْ أن على النِّساءِ جِزْيَةً إلَّا في هذا الحديثِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ أبي وائلٍ عن مَسروقٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢١)، والشافعي في مسنده (٤٢٦ - شفاء العي).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢٢)، والشافعي في مسنده (٤٢٧ - شفاء العي).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٢٩). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٥)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠٩)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (١١٧) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به.","vol":"19","page":37},{"text":"عن مُعاذٍ: \"حالِمَةٍ\". ولا في رِوايَةِ إبراهيمَ عن مُعاذٍ إلَّا شَيئًا رَوَى عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي وائلٍ عن مَسروقٍ عن مُعاذٍ، ومَعمَرٌ إذا رَوَى عن غَيرِ الزُّهرِيِّ يَغلَطُ كَثيرًا، واللهُ أعلمُ، وقَد حَمَلَه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ إن كان مَحفوظًا على أخذِها مِنها إذا طابَت بها نَفسًا (^١).\nورَواه أبو شَيبَةَ إبراهيمُ بن عثمانَ عن الحَكَمِ مَوصولًا، وأبو شَيبَةَ ضعيفٌ (^٢):\n\n١٨٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ إملاءً، أنبأنا حامِدُ بن شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بن أبي مُزاحِمٍ، حدثنا أبو شَيبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - كَتَبَ إلَى مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ: \"إنَّ مَن أسلَمَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فلَه ما لِلمُسلِمينَ وعَلَيه ما عَلَيهِم، ومَن أقامَ على يَهوديَّتِه (^٣) أو نَصرانيَّتِه (^٤) فعَلَى كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا أو عَدلَه مِنَ المَعافِرِ ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، حُرٍّ أو مَملوكٍ، وفِي كُلِّ ثَلاثينَ مِنَ البقَرِ تَبيعٌ أو تَبيعَةٌ، وفِي كُلِّ أربَعينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةٌ، وفِي كُلِّ أربَعينَ مِنَ الإبِلِ ابنَةُ لَبونٍ، وفيما سَقَتِ السَّماءُ أو سُقِيَ فتحًا (^٥) العُشْرُ، وفيما سُقِيَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٣٦٣).\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٦٨٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يهودية\".\n(^٤) في س، م: \"نصرانية\".\n(^٥) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"فيحا\". والفتح: الماء المفتح إلى الأرض ليسقى به، وهو الماء الجاري على وجه الأرض. التاج ٧/ ٥ (ف ت ح).","vol":"19","page":38},{"text":"بالغَرْبِ (^١) نِصفُ العُشرِ\". هذا لا يَثبُتُ (^٢) بهَذا الإسنادِ.\n\n١٨٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: فسألتُ محمدَ بنَ خالِدٍ وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ وعَدَدًا مِن عُلَماءِ أهلِ اليَمَن، فكُلُّهُم حَكَى لي عن عَدَدٍ مَضوا قَبلَهُم يَحكونَ عن عَدَدٍ مَضَوا قَبلَهُم كُلُّهُم ثِقَةٌ، أنَّ صُلحَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَهُم كان لأهلِ ذِمَّةِ اليَمَنِ على دينارٍ كُلَّ سنةٍ، ولا يُثبِتونَ أن النِّساءَ كُنَّ فيمَن يُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ، وقالَ عامَّتُهُم: ولَم تُؤخَذْ مِن زُروعِهِم وقَد كانَت لَهُم زُروعٌ، ولا مِن مَواشيهِم شَيئًا عَلِمناه. وقالَ لي بَعضُهُم: قَد جاءَنا بَعضُ الوُلاةِ فخَمَسَ زُروعَهُم أو أرادَها فأُنكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه. فكُلُّ مَن وصَفتُ أخبرَنِي أنَّ عامَّةَ ذِمَّةِ أهلِ اليَمَنِ مِن حِميَرَ. قال: وسألتُ عَدَدًا كَثيرًا مِن ذِمَّةِ أهلِ اليَمَنِ مُتَفَرِّقينَ في بُلدانِ اليَمَن، فكُلُّهُم أثبَتَ لي - لا يَختَلِفُ قَولُهُم - أن مُعاذًا أخَذَ مِنهُم دينارًا عن كُلِّ بالِغٍ مِنهُم، وسَمَّوُا البالِغَ حالِمًا، قالوا: وكانَ في كِتابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مَعَ مُعاذٍ: أنَّ على كُلِّ حالِمٍ دينارًا (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَسْلمةُ (^٤) بن عُلَيٍّ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّباح، عن عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) الغرب: الدلو العظيمة. التاج ٣/ ٤٥٨ (غ ر ب).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"إلا\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٧٩.\n(^٤) في الأصل، ص ٨: \"مسلم\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ١٢٦، والإكمال ٦/ ٢٥١، وتهذيب =","vol":"19","page":39},{"text":"ابنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فرَضَ الجِزيَةَ على كُلِّ مُحتَلِمٍ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ دينارًا دينارًا.\n\n١٨٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ قال: هذا كِتابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَنا الَّذِي كَتَبَه لِعَمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ حينَ بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ. فذَكَرَه، وفِي آخِرِه: \"وإِنَّه مَن أسلَمَ مِن يَهودِيٍّ أو نَصرانِيٍّ إسلامًا خالِصًا مِن نَفسِه فدانَ دينَ الإسلامِ فإِنَّه مِنَ المُؤمِنين، له ما لَهُم وعَلَيه ما عَلَيهِم، ومَن كان على [نَصرانيَّتِه أو يَهوديَّته] (^١) فإِنَّه لا يُفتَنُ عَنها، وعَلَى كُلِّ حالِمٍ ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، حُرٍّ أو عبد، دينارٌ وافٍ أو عِوَضُه مِنَ الثِّياب، فمَن أدَّى ذَلِكَ فإِن له ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وذِمَّةَ رسولِه، ومَن مَنَعَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّه عَدوُّ اللهِ ورسولِه والمُؤمِنينَ\" (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، ولَيسَ الرِّوايَةِ المَوصولَة، ورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُنقَطِعًا:\n\n١٨٧١٠ - أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عُلاثَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَد، عن عُروةَ قال: هذا كِتابٌ مِن محمدٍ - ﷺ - إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوٍ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ حَزمٍ (^٣).\n_________\n= الكمال ١١/ ٢٦٦، وتبصير المنتبه ٣/ ٩٦٧. وتقدم على الصواب في (٩٠٣، ١٢٨٩٧).\n(^١) في س، م: \"نصرانية أو يهودية\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤١٣ - ٤١٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٦) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"19","page":40},{"text":"١٨٧١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بن نَصرُويَه بنِ أحمدَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ محمدُ بن صالِحٍ المَعافِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَزَنَ الحِميَرِيُّ إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُفَيرِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُفَيرِ بنِ زُرعَةَ بنِ سَيفِ بنِ ذِي يَزَنَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي أحمدُ بن حُبَيشِ عبد العَزيز، حَدَّثَنِي أبي عُفَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي عبدُ العَزيز، حَدَّثَنِي أبي عُفَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي زُرعَةُ بن سَيفِ بنِ ذِي يَزَنَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - كِتابًا هذا نُسخَتُه. فذَكَرَها وفيها: \"ومَن يَكُنْ على يَهوديَّتِه أو على نَصرانيَّتِه فإِنَّه لا يُغَيَّرُ (^١) عَنها وعَلَيه الجِزيَةُ؛ على كُلِّ حالِمٍ، ذَكَرٍ أو أُنثَى، حُرٍّ أو عبدٍ، دينارٌ أو قيمَتُه مِنَ المَعافِرِ\" (^٢).\nوَهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ في رواتِها مَن يُجهَلُ، ولَم يَثبُتْ بمِثلِها عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ حَديث، فالَّذِي يوافِقُ مِن ألفاظِها وأَلفاظِ ما قَبلَها رِوايَةَ مَسروقٍ مَقولٌ به، والَّذِي يَزيدُ عَلَيها وجَبَ التَّوَقُّفُ فيه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n١٨٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي يَحيَى، عن أبي الحوَيرِثِ قال: ضرَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على نَصارَى بمَكَّةَ دينارًا لِكُلِّ سنةٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"يفتن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٣/ ٢٧١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣٠).","vol":"19","page":41},{"text":"١٨٧١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبي الحوَيرِثِ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ضَرَبَ على نَصرانيٍّ بمَكَّةَ يُقالُ له: مَوهَبٌ دينارًا كُلَّ سنةٍ، وأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ضَرَبَ على نَصارَى أيلَةَ ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دينارٍ كُلَّ سنةٍ، وأَن يُضيفوا مَن مَرَّ بهِم مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ثَلاثًا، وألَّا يَغُشّوا مُسلِمًا (^١).\n\n١٨٧١٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا إبراهيمُ، أنبأنا إسحاقُ بن عبد اللهِ أنَّهُم كانوا ثَلاثَمِائَةٍ فضَرَبَ عَلَيهِمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَومَئذٍ ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دينارٍ كُلَّ سنةٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ثُمَّ صالَحَ أهلَ نَجرانَ على حُلَلٍ يُؤَدّونَها إلَيه، فدَلَّ صُلحُه إيّاهُم على غَيرِ الدَّنانيرِ على أنَّه يَجوزُ ما صولِحوا عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُصَرِّفُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا يونُسُ يَعنى ابنَ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أسباطُ بن نَصرٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِيّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: صالَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أهلَ نَجرانَ على ألفَي حُلَّةٍ، النِّصفُ في صَفَرٍ والنِّصفُ في رَجَبٍ يُؤَدّونَها إلَى المُسلِمينَ، وعاريَّةِ ثَلاثينَ دِرعًا، وثَلاثينَ فرَسًا، وثَلاثينَ بَعيرًا، وثَلاثينَ مِن كُلِّ صِنفٍ مِن أصنافِ السِّلاحِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢٥)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٩٢) من طريق إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى الأسلمى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٢٦)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٧٩.","vol":"19","page":42},{"text":"يَغزونَ بها والمُسلِمونَ ضامِنونَ لَها حَتَّى يَرُدّوها عَلَيهِم إن كان باليَمَنِ كَيدٌ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد سَمِعتُ بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ومِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِن أهلِ نَجرانَ يَذكُرُ أن قيمَةَ ما أُخِذَ مِن كُلِّ واحِدٍ أكثَرُ مِن دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3935>بابُ الزّيادَةِ على الدّينارِ بالصُّلحِ</span>\n\n١٨٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله، حدثنا نافِعٌ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلَى أُمَراءِ أهلِ الجِزيَةِ ألّا يَضَعوا الجِزيَةَ إلَّا على مَن جَرَت أو مَرَّت عَلَيه المَواسِي، وجِزيَتُهُم أربَعونَ دِرهَمًا على أهلِ الوَرِقِ مِنهُم، وأَربَعَةُ دَنانيرَ على أهلِ الذَّهَب، وعَلَيهِم أرزاقُ المُسلِمينَ مِنَ الحِنطَةِ مُدْيٌ (^٣) وثَلاثَةُ أقساطِ زَيتٍ لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ كُلَّ شَهرٍ مَن (^٤) كان مِن أهلِ الشّامِ وأَهلِ الجَزيرَةِ (^٥)، ومَن كان مِن أهلِ مِصرَ إردَبٌّ لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ كُلَّ شَهرٍ، ومِنَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٨٦٨٣) مختصرًا، وسيأتي في (١٨٧٤٩).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٧٩.\n(^٣) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"مدين\".\nوالمدى: مكيال أهل الشام يسع خمسة عشر مكوكًا، والمكوك صاع ونصف. وقيل: أكثر من ذلك. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٠٤، وتاج العروس ٣٩/ ٥١٥ (م د ى).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"ومن\". والقسط مكيال يسع نصف صاع. تاج العروس ٢٠/ ٢٥ (ق س ط).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"الجزية\".","vol":"19","page":43},{"text":"الوَدَكِ (^١) والعَسَلِ شَئٌ لَم نَحفَظْه، وعَلَيهِم مِنَ البَرِّ التي كان يَكسوها أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ النّاسَ شَئٌ لَم نَحفَظْه، ويُضيفونَ مَن نَزَلَ بهِم مِن أهلِ الإسلامِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ العِراقِ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ، وكانَ عُمَرُ لا يَضرِبُ الجِزيَةَ على النِّساء، وكانَ يَختِمُ في أعناقِ رِجالِ أهلِ الجِزيَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الأصبَهانِيُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلَى عُمَّالِه ألّا يَضرِبوا الجِزيَةَ على النِّساءِ والصِّبيان، ولا يَضرِبوها إلَّا على مَن جَرَت عَلَيه المَواسِي، ويُختَمُ في أعناقِهِم ويُجعَلُ جِزيَتُهُم على رُءوسِهِم، على أهلِ الوَرِقِ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ أرزاقُ المُسلِمينَ، وعَلَى أهلِ الذَّهَبِ أربَعَةُ دَنانيرَ، وعَلَى أهلِ الشّامِ مِنهُم مُدْيُ حِنطَةٍ وثَلاثَةُ أقساطِ زَيتٍ، وعَلَى أهلِ مِصرَ إردَبُّ حِنطَةٍ وكِسوَةٌ وعَسَلٌ - لا يَحفَظُه نافِعٌ كَم ذَلِكَ - وعَلَى أهلِ العِراقِ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا حِنطَةً. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: وذَكَرَ كِسوَةً لا أحفَظُها (^٣).\n\n١٨٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ بنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) الودك: الشحم. المفهم ٥/ ٣٧٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٧٥٠). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٤٢، ١٥٤) من طريق عبيد الله به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠١) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٨١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٩٠، ١٩٢٧٣) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"19","page":44},{"text":"محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ ناصِرُ بن الحُسَينِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي الحَكَمُ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ. فذَكَرَه قال: ثُمَّ أتاه عثمانُ بن حُنَيفٍ فجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُه مِن وراءِ الفُسطاطِ يقولُ: واللَّهِ لَئن وضَعتَ على كُلِّ جَريبٍ مِن أرضٍ دِرهَمًا وقَفيزًا مِن طَعامٍ وزِدتَ على كُلِّ رأسٍ دِرهَمَينِ لا يَشُقُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم ولا يَجهَدُهُم. قال: نَعَم. فكانَ ثَمانيةً وأربعين فجَعَلَها من خَمسينَ (^١).\nورَوَى الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في القَديمِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أن عُمَرَ كان إذا استَغنَى أهلُ السَّوادِ زادَ عَلَيهِم، وإِذا افتَقَروا وضَعَ عَنهُم. وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٨٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بن حَمدانَ، أنبأنا الحَسَن بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن أبي عَونٍ محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ (^٢) اللَّهِ الثَّقَّفِيِّ قال: وضَعَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ - يَعنِي في الجِزيَةِ - على رُءوسِ الرِّجال، على الغَنِيِّ ثمانيَةً وأَربَعينَ دِرهَمًا، وعَلَى الوَسَطِ أربَعَةً وعِشرينَ، وعَلَى الفَقيرِ\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (١٥١). وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٥)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٢٦١)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٥٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٣٨، ٣٩.","vol":"19","page":45},{"text":"اثنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرهَمًا (^١)\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه قَتادَةُ عن أبي مِجلَزٍ (^٢) عن عُمَرَ، وكِلاهُما مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3936>بابُ الضِّيافَةِ في الصُّلحِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى حَديثُ أبي الحوَيرِثِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعًا أنَّه جَعَلَ على نَصارَى أيلَةَ جِزيَةَ دينارٍ على كُلِّ إنسانٍ، وضيافَةَ مَن مَرَّ بهِم مِنَ المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\nوالاعتِمادُ في ذَلِكَ على ما:\n\n١٨٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ضَرَبَ الجِزيَةَ على أهلِ الذَّهَبِ أربَعَةَ دَنانيرَ، وعَلَى أهلِ الوَرِقِ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ أرزاقُ المُسلِمينَ، وضيافَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شية (١٠٨١٦، ٣٣١٨٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"مخلد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ١٧٦، ١٧٧.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٧١٣).\n(^٤) الشافعي ٤/ ١٨٠، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٤/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، ومن طريق ابن بكير أبو عبيد في الأموال (١٠٠)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى الليثي ١/ ٢٧٩، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٥٣).","vol":"19","page":46},{"text":"١٨٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضرِّبٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فرَضَ على أهلِ السَّوادِ ضيافَةَ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ، فمَن حَبَسَه مَرَضٌ أو مَطَرٌ أنفَقَ مِن مالِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وحَديثُ أسلَمَ بضيافَةِ ثَلاثٍ أشبَهُ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - جَعَلَ الضّيافَةَ ثَلاثًا، وقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ جَعَلَها على قَومٍ ثَلاثًا وعَلَى قَومٍ يَومًا ولَيلةً ولَم يَجعَل على آخَرينَ ضيافَةً، كما يَختَلِفُ صُلحُه لَهُم فلا يَرُدُّ بَعضُ الحديثِ بَعضًا (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد الوَهّابِ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أنبأنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَن، عن الأحنَفِ بنِ قَيسٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ - ﵁ - كان يَشتَرِطُ على أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ ضيافَةَ يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ، وأَن يُصلِحوا قَناطِرَ، وإِن قُتِلَ بَينَهُم قَتيلٌ فعَلَيهِم ديَتُه. وقالَ غَيرُه عن هِشامٍ: وإِن قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ بأَرضِهِم فعَلَيهِم ديَتُه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٣١)، والشافعي ٤/ ١٨١. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٩٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٨١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٩٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٠٣٠)، وابن زنجويه (٥٩٤) من طريق هشام به، وعندهم جميعا بالرواية الثانية فقط.","vol":"19","page":47},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3937>بابُ ما جاءَ في \"الضِّيافَةُ ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ</span>\" (^١)\n\n١٨٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ قال: لَيثُ بن سَعدٍ حدثنا عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي شُرَيحٍ العَدَوِيِّ قال: سَمِعَت أُذُنايَ وأَبصرَت عَينايَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وهو يقولُ: \"مَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليُكرِمْ جارَه، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليُكرِمْ ضَيفَه جائزَتَه\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، وما جائزَتُهُ؟ قال: \" [يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ] (^٢)، والضّيافَةُ ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ، فما كان أكثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فهو صَدَقَةٌ، ولا يَثوِي عِندَه حَتَّى يُحرِجَه، ومَن كان يُؤمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فليَقُلْ خَيرًا أو ليَصمُتْ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليد، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: قُرِئَ على الحارِثِ بنِ مِسكينٍ وأَنا شاهِدٌ: حَدَّثَكُم أشهَبُ قال: وسُئلَ مالكٌ عن قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"جائزَتُه يَومٌ ولَيلَةٌ\". قال: يُكرِمُه ويُتحِفُه ويَحفَظُه يَومًا ولَيلَةً وثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ ضيافَةٌ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"يومه وليلته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٧٤)، والترمذي (١٩٦٧) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٤٧٦)، ومسلم (٤٨/ ١٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠)، وأبو داود عقب (٣٧٤٨). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود =","vol":"19","page":48},{"text":"١٨٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيِّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّ النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"حَقُّ الضِّيافَةِ ثَلَاثةُ أيّامٍ، فما زادَ على ذَلِكَ فهو صَدَقَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٧٢٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الضّيافَةُ ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ (^٢)، فما زادَ على ذَلِكَ فهو صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3938>بابُ ما جاءَ في ضيافَةِ مَن نَزَلَ بهِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ وأَحمَدُ بن سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ الله،\n_________\n= (٣١٨٨): صحيح الإسناد مقطوع.\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٦١٥)، وابن حبان (٥٢٨١) من طريق الجريرى به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٦٠: سنده حسن.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"سقط أيام من ص\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٦٤) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٤٠٣٢) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.","vol":"19","page":49},{"text":"إنَّكَ تَبعَثُنا فنَنزِلُ بقَومٍ فلا يَقرونَنا (^١)، فما تَرَى؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إن نَزَلتُم بقَومٍ فأَمَروا لَكُم بما يَنبَغِي لِلضَّيفِ فاقبَلوا، فإِن لَم يَفعَلوا فخُذوا مِنهُم حَقَّ الضَّيفِ الَّذِي يَنبغِي لَهُم\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبي كَريمَةَ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيلَةُ الضَّيفِ حَقٌّ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ، مَن أصبَحَ الضَّيفُ بفِنائِه فهو عَلَيه حَقٌّ - أو قال: دَينٌ - إن شاءَ اقتَضاه وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَه\" (^٤).\n\n١٨٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الجُودِيِّ الشّامِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُهاجِرِ يُحَدِّثُ عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعد يكَرِبَ - وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: - \"ما مِن رَجُلٍ ضافَ قَومًا وأَصبَحَ الضَّيفُ مَحرومًا إلَّا كان على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ نَصرُه حَتَّى يأخُذَ بقِرَى لَيلَتِه مِن زَرعِه ومالِه\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) قِرَى الضيف: ما يهيأ له من طعام ونُزُل. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٨١.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٥٢) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (١٧٣٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٦)، وابن حبان (٥٢٨٨) من طرق عن الليث به. وسيأتي في (٢١٣٤١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦١٣٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٧/ ١٧).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (١٢٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٢) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٧٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٧) من طريق منصور به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٩٠).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٢٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٧٥١) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٠١)، وسيأتي في (٢١٣٤٠).","vol":"19","page":50},{"text":"١٨٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى بنِ عبد الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بن عبد اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيىَ بن يَعلَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن موسَى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا غَيلانُ بن جامِعٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: خَرَجَ قَومٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِنَ الكوفَةِ إلَى المَدينَة، فأَتَوا على حَيٍّ مِن بَنى أسَدٍ وقَد أرمَلوا (^١) فسألوهُمُ البَيعَ، وقَد راح عَلَيهِم مالٌ لَهُم حَسَنٌ قالوا: ما عِندَنا بَيعٌ. فسألوهُمُ القِرَى، قالوا: ما نُطيقُ قِراكُم. فلَم يَزَلْ بَينَهُم وبَينَ الأعرابِ حَتَّى اقتَتَلوا، فتَرَكَت لَهُمُ الأعرابُ البُيوتَ وما فيها فأَخَذوا لِكُلِّ عَشرَةٍ مِنهُم شاةً. قال: فأَتَوا عُمَرَ فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له فقامَ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأَثنَى عَلَيه وقالَ: لَو كُنتُ تَقَدَّمتُ في هذا لَفَعَلتُ وفَعَلتُ كَذا وكَذا. ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ الأمصارِ وأَهلِ الذِّمَّةِ بنُزُلِ لَيلَةٍ لِلضَّيفِ. قال قَيسٌ: فأَخبَرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي لَيلَى أنَّ أباه أخبَرَه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قَسَمَ غَنَمًا بَينَ أصحابِه فأَعطَى كُلَّ عَشَرَةٍ شاةً، وأنَّها كانَت سُنَّةً. قال: وقَد أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - بالقُدورِ يومَئذٍ فأُكفِئَت، وهو يَومَئذٍ بخَيبَرَ. قال قَيسٌ: وأَخبَرَنِي ابنُ أبي لَيلَى أن عُمَرَ كَتَبَ بنُزُلِ لَيلَةٍ في المُسلِمينَ والمُعاهَدينَ. قال ابنُ أبي لَيلَى: قَد أذكُرُ أن أهلَ الأرضِ كانوا يَستَقبِلونَنا بنُزُلِ لَيلَةٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أرملوا: نفد زادهم. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ١/ ٤١٥.","vol":"19","page":51},{"text":"يقولُ (^١) بالفارِسيَّةِ: شامْ (^٢). قال التَّرقُفِيُّ في رِوايَتِه: يَقولونَ: شامْ. أي عَشاءٌ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِث، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الأحوَصُ بن حَكيمٍ وأبو بكرِ بن عبد اللَّهِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ إلَى أُمَراءِ الأجنادِ. فذَكَرَه، قال: وأَيُّما رُفقَةٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ آواهُمُ اللَّيلُ إلَى قَريَةٍ مِن قُرَى المُعاهَدينَ مِن مُسافِرينَ فلَم يأتوهُم بالقِرَى فقَد بَرِئَت مِنهُمُ الذِّمَّةُ (^٤).\n\n١٨٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الجَونِيِّ، عن جُندُبِ بنِ عبد اللَّهِ قال: كُنّا نُصيبُ مِن ثِمارِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ وأَعلافِهِم ولا نُشارِكُهُم في نِسائِهِم ولا أموالِهِم، وكُنّا نُسَخِّرُ العِلجَ يَهدينا (^٥) الطَّريقَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ عدا الأصل: \"نقول\".\n(^٢) في ص ٨: \"بشام\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى في مسنده (٩٣٠) من طريق يحيى بن يعلى به مقتصرًا على المرفوع دون ذكر خيبر. وأحمد (١٩٠٥٨)، والدارمي (٢٥١٣) من طريق قيس بن مسلم به مقتصرين على المرفوع.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٩٧)، وعنه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (٥٩٩) من طريق ابن أبي مريم به.\n(^٥) بعده في س، م: \"إلى\".\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٤١٠)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٦١١) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"19","page":52},{"text":"١٨٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو بنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^١) اللهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ صعصَعَةَ قال: قُلتُ لابنِ عباسٍ: إنّا نأتِي القَريَةَ بالسَّوادِ فنَستَفتِحُ البابَ، فإِن لَم يُفتَح لَنا كَسَرنا البابَ فأَخَذنا الشّاةَ فذَبَحناها. قال: ولِمَ تَفعَلونَ ذاكَ؟ قُلتُ: إنّا نَراه لَنا حَلالًا. قال: فتَلا هذه الآيَةَ (^٢): ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ سَبِيلٌ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (^٣) [آل عمران: ٧٥].\nوهَذا إن كان في المُعاهَدينَ؛ فلأنَّهُم لَم يُصالِحوهُم على الضّيافَةِ فلَم يَحِل لَهُم تَناوُلُها، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3939>بابُ مَن تُرفَعُ عنه الجِزيَةُ</span>\nقَد مَضى حَديثُ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه أمَرَه أن يأخُذَ مِن كُلِّ حالِمٍ - يَعنِي: مُحتَلِمٍ - دينارًا (^٤).\n\n١٨٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا زهَيرُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٥٨، ١٥٩.\n(^٢) يعني: إنكارًا منه عليهم ما فعلوا.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٣٢١ من طريق شعبة به. وأبو عبيد في الأموال (٤١٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٥١٢، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٧١١) من طريق أبي إسحاق به، وعندهم: صعصعة بن يزيد. بدلًا من: زيد بن صعصعة. وهو مما قيل في اسمه.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧٣٦٢، ٧٣٦٣).","vol":"19","page":53},{"text":"ابنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُرِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ، عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أُمَراءِ أهلِ الجِزيَةِ ألَّا يَضرِبوا الجِزيَةَ إلَّا على مَن جَرَتْ عَلَيه الموسَى (^١). قالَ: وكانَ لا يَضرِبُ الجِزيَةَ على النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ (^٢). قال يَحيَى: وهَذا المعروفُ عِندَ أصحابِنا.\n\n١٨٧٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الأصبَهانيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو بنُ حَمدانَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن عُبَيدِ الله، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ، قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أُمَراءِ الجِزيَةِ: ألَّا تَضَعُوا (^٣) الجِزيَةَ إلا على مَن جَرَتْ عَلَيه المَواسِي، ولا تَضَعُوا (^٤) الجِزيَةَ على النِّساءِ والصِّبيانِ. وكانَ عُمَرُ يَختِمُ أهلَ الجِزيَةِ في أعناقِهِم (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3940>بابُ الذِّمِّيِّ يُسلِمُ فتُرفَعُ عنه الجِزيَةُ ولا يُعشَرُ مالُه إذا اختَلَفَ بالتِّجارَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"المواسى\".\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣١). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٤٣) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يضعوا\"، ورسمت في الأصل بالياء والتاء.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يضعوا\".\n(^٥) ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣١٧٧). وتقدم في (١٨٧١٧).","vol":"19","page":54},{"text":"أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الصَّلت، حدثنا أبو كُدَينَةَ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبي ظَبيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَيسَ على مُؤمِنٍ جِزيَةٌ، ولا يَجتَمِعُ قِبلَتانِ في جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَريرٌ عن قابوسَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن السَّرِيِّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن حَربِ بنِ هِلالٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بن السّائب، عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن جَدِّه أبي أُمِّه، عن أبيه، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّما العُشُورُ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى، ولَيسَت على المُسلِمينَ عُشُورٌ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي الأحوَصِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ جَريرٍ قال: عن حَربِ بنِ هِلالٍ عن أبي أُمِّه رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي تَغلِبَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمينِ عُشورٌ؛ إنَّما العُشورُ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى\".\n\n١٨٧٣٨ - ورَواه عبدُ السَّلامِ بن حَرب عن عَطاءٍ عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ١٥٦ من طريق أبي كدينة به.\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندا في (١٨٧٨٦).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٩٧) عن جرير به. وينظر الإصابة ١٢/ ٥١. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦٠).","vol":"19","page":55},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَيرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن جَدِّه رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِي تَغلِبَ، قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فأَسلَمتُ، وعَلَّمَنِي الإسلامَ، وعَلَّمَنِي كَيفَ آخُذُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِن قَومِي ممَّن أسلَمَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ إلَيه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، كُلُّ ما عَلَّمتَنِي قَد حَفِظتُ إلَّا الصَّدَقَةَ، أفأعشُرُهُم؟ قال: \"لا، إنَّما العُشرُ على النَّصارَى واليَهودِ\". أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمُ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٨٧٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ المُحارِبِيُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعنَى حَديثِ أبي الأحوَصِ إلا أنَّه قال: \"خَراجٌ\" مَكانَ: \"العُشورُ\" (^٢).\nورَواه أبو نُعَيمٍ عن سُفيانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن حَربٍ عن خالٍ له عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بَشَارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَن، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بكرِ بنِ وائلٍ، عن خالِه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، أعشُرُ قَومِي؟ قال: \"إنَّما العُشورُ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٤٩). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٠٤٧). وقال الألباني: ضعيف مرسل. ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٩٦) عن أبي نعيم به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٠٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٩٥) عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦٢).","vol":"19","page":56},{"text":"ورَواه حَمَّادُ بن سلمةَ [عن عَطاءٍ] (^١) عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن رَجُلٍ مِن أخوالِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن نُصَيرٍ (^٣)، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائب، عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن أبيه، عن أبي جَدِّه (^٤) قال: قال رسول اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمينَ عُشورٌ؛ إنَّما العُشورُ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى\" (^٥). قال العباسُ: هَكَذا قال أحمدُ بن يونُسَ: عن أبي جَدِّهِ (٤).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ ﵀: ورَواه البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن أبي بكرٍ عن نُصَيرٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن أبي جَدِّهِ (٤) عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. قال: وقالَ أبو حَمزَةَ: عن عَطاءٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ الثَّقَفِيُّ، أن أباه أخبَرَه، وكانَ ممَّن وفَدَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٢/ ٣١ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) في س: \"نضر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٩/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"حمدة\".\n(^٥) سيأتي في (١٨٨٠٧). وقال ابن أبي حاتم: اختلف الرواة عن عطاء على وجوه، فكان أشبهها ما روى الثوري عن عطاء، ولم يشتغل برواية جرير وأبي الأحوص ونصير بن أبي الأشعث عن عطاء. الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢٤٩.\n(^٦) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٦٠، ٦١.","vol":"19","page":57},{"text":"وهَذا إن صَحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ واللهُ أعلمُ تَعشيرَ أموالِهِم إذا اختَلَفوا بالتِّجارَة، فإِذا أسلَموا رُفِعَ ذَلِكَ عَنهُم.\n\n١٨٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلَمةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مَسروقٌ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعوبِ أسلَمَ، فكانَتْ تُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ، فأَتَى عُمَرَ فأَخبَرَه، فكَتَبَ: ألا تُؤخَذَ مِنه الجِزيَةُ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الشُّعوبُ العَجَمُ ههنا (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٨، وفي الأموال (١٢٢)، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٨٤).","vol":"19","page":58},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3941>جماعُ أبوابِ الشَّرائطِ التي يأخُذُها الإمامُ على أهلِ الذِّمَّة، وما يَكونُ مِنهُم نَقضًا لِلعَهدِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3942>بابٌ: يُشتَرَطُ عَلَيهِم ألَّا يَذكُروا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا بما هو أهلُهُ</span>\n\n١٨٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن أبي شَيبَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن الجَرّاح، عن جَريرٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عليٍّ، أن يَهوديَّةً كانَتْ تَشتُمُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وتَقَعُ فيه، فخَنَقَها رَجُلٌ حَتَّى ماتَت، فأَبطَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - دَمَها (^١).\n\n١٨٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبد اللهِ الأصفَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، قال: قال نُعَيمُ بن حَمّادٍ: حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَك، أخبرَنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ عِمرانَ، حَدَّثَنِي كَعبُ بن عَلقَمَةَ، أن غَرَفَةَ (^٢) بنَ الحارِثِ الكِندِيَّ مَرَّ به نَصرانِيٌّ، فدَعاه إلَى الإسلام، فتَناوَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - وذَكَرَه، فرَفَعَ غَرَفَةُ يَدَه فدَقَّ أنفَه، فرُفِعَ إلَى عمرِو بنِ العاص، فقالَ عمرٌو: أعطَيناهُمُ العَهدَ. فقالَ غَرَفَةُ: مَعاذَ اللهِ أن نَكونَ أعطَيناهُم على أن يُظهِرُوا شَتمَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، إنَّما أعطَيناهُم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٥٠٦).\n(^٢) في س، م هنا وفيما يأتي في الحديث: \"عرفة\" بالعين المهملة، وقال ابن حجر في الإصابة ٨/ ٤٧٤: ذكره ابن قانع في العين المهملة وهو وهم، وكذا ذكره ابن حبان، ثم أعاده في المعجمة، وهو الصواب. وينظر: معجم الصحابة لابن قانع ٢/ ٢٨٩، وثقات ابن حبان ٣/ ٣١٨، ٣٢٦، ٣٢٨، والإصابة ٨/ ٤٠١.","vol":"19","page":59},{"text":"على أن نُخَلِّيَ بَينَهُم وبَينَ كَنائسِهِم يَقولونَ فيها ما بَدا لَهُم، وألَّا نُحَمِّلَهُم ما لا يُطيقونَ، وإن أرادَهُم عَدوٌّ قاتَلناهُم مِن ورائِهِم، ونُخَلِّيَ بَينَهُم وبَينَ أحكامِهِم، إلَّا أن يأتونا راضينَ بأَحكامِنا؛ فنَحكُمَ بَينَهُم بحُكمِ اللهِ وحُكمِ رسولِه، وإن غَيَّبوا عَنّا لَم نَعرِضْ لَهُم فيها. قال عمرٌو: صَدَقتَ. وَكانَ غَرَفَةُ له صُحبَةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3943>بابٌ: يُشتَرَطُ عَلَيهِم أن أحَدًا مِن رِجالِهِم إن أصابَ مُسلِمَةً بزِنًى، أوِ اسمِ نِكاحٍ، أو قَطَعَ الطَّريقَ على مُسلِمٍ، أو فتَنَ مُسلِمًا عن دينِه، أو أعانَ المُحارِبينَ على المُسلِميَن، فقَد نَقَضَ عَهدَه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ البَغدادِيِّ عنه: لَم يَختَلِفْ أهلُ السّيرَةِ عِندَنا؛ ابنُ إسحاقَ، وموسَى بن عُقبَةَ، وجَماعَةُ مَن رَوَى السّيرَةَ، أن بَنِي قَينُقاعَ كان بَينَهُم وبَينَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - موادَعَةٌ وعَهدٌ، فأَتَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى صائغٍ مِنهُم ليَصوغَ لَها حُليًّا، وكانَتِ اليَهودُ مُعاديَةً لِلأنصار، فلَمّا جَلَسَتْ عِندَ الصّائغِ عَمَدَ إلَى بَعضِ حَدائدِه فشَدَّ به أسفَلَ ذَيلِها وجَنْبَها (^٢) وهِيَ لا تَشعُرُ، فلَمّا قامَتِ المَرأَةُ وهِيَ في سُوقِهِم نَظَروا إلَيها مُتَكَشِّفَةً (^٣)، فجَعَلوا يَضْحَكونَ مِنها ويَسخَرونَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فنابَذَهُم، وجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنهُم نَقضًا لِلعَهدِ. وذَكَرَ حَديثَ بَنِي النَّضيرِ وما صَنَعَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١١٠، ومن طريقه الدارقطني في المؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٧١٢، ١٧١٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"وجيبها\".\n(^٣) في م: \"منكشفة\".","vol":"19","page":60},{"text":"عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ في اليَهودِيِّ الَّذِي استَكرَهَ المَرأَةَ فوَطِئَها (^١).\n\n١٨٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الشَّعرانيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِرِ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: هذا حَديثُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ خَرَجَ إلَى بَنِي النَّضيرِ يَستَعينُهُم في عَقلِ الكِلابِيَّينِ: [وخَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِه إلَى بَنِي النَّضيرِ يَستَعينُهُم في عَقلِ الكِلابيَّينِ] (^٢)، وكانوا زَعَموا قَد دَسُّوا إلَى قُرَيشٍ حينَ نَزَلوا بأُحُدٍ في قِتالِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فحَضّوهُم على القِتال، ودَلُّوهُم على العَورَة، فلَمّا كَلَّمَهُم رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في عَقلِ الكِلابيَّين، قالوا: اجلِسْ أبا القاسِمِ حَتَّى تَطعَمَ وتَرجِعَ بحاجَتِكَ، ونَقومَ فنَتَشاوَرَ ونُصلِحَ أمرَنا فيما جِئتَنا له. فجَلَسَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومَن مَعَه (^٣) مِن أصحابِه في ظِلِّ جِدارٍ يَنتَظِرُ أن يُصلِحوا أمرَهُم، فلَمّا خَلَوا - والشَّيطانُ مَعَهُم لا يُفارِقُهُم - ائتَمَروا بقَتلِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: لَن تَجِدوه أقرَبَ مِنه الآنَ، فاستَريحوا مِنه تأمَنوا في ديارِكُم، ويُرفَعْ عَنكُمُ البَلاءُ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إن شِئتُم ظَهَرتُ فوقَ البَيتِ ودَلَّيتُ عَلَيه حَجَرًا فقَتَلتُه. فأَوحَى اللهُ إلَيه، فأَخبَرَه بما ائتَمَروا مِن شأنِه، فعَصَمَه اللهُ فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كأَنَّه يُريدُ يَقضِي حاجَةً، وتَرَكَ أصحابَه في\n_________\n(^١) معرفة السنن والآثار عقب (٥٥٣٥).\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"تبعه\".","vol":"19","page":61},{"text":"مَجلِسِهِم، وانتَظَرَه أعداءُ اللهِ فراثَ (^١) عَلَيهِم، وأَقبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ فسأَلوه عنه، فقالَ: لَقِيتُه قَد دَخَلَ أزِقَّةَ المَدينَةِ. فقالوا لأصحابِه: عَجِلَ أبو القاسِمِ أن نُقيمَ أمرَنا في حاجَتِه التي جاءَ بها. ثُمَّ قامَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرَجَعوا، ونَزَلَ القُرآنُ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ بالَّذِي جاءَ أعداءُ الله، فقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ١١]. فلَمّا أظهَرَ اللهُ رسولَه على ما أرادوا به، وعَلَى خيانَتِهِم للهِ ولِرسولِه أمَرَ بإِجلائهِم وإِخراجِهِم مِن ديارِهِم، وأَمَرَهُم (^٢) أن يَسيرُوا حَيثُ شاءوا. إلَى آخِرِ الحديثِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ الأزدِيُّ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، قال: كُنّا مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وهو أميرُ المؤمِنينَ بالشّام، فأَتاه نبَطيٌّ مَضروبٌ مُشَجَّجٌ مُستَعدِي، فغَضِبَ غَضَبًا شَديدًا، فقالَ لِصُهَيبٍ: انظُرْ مَن صاحِبُ هذا؟ فانطَلَقَ صُهَيبٌ، فإِذا هو عَوفُ بن مالكٍ الأشجَعِيُّ، فقالَ له: إنَّ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قَد غَضِبَ غَضَبًا شَديدًا، فلَو أتَيتَ مُعاذَ بنَ جَبَلٍ فمَشَى مَعَكَ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) راث: أبطأ، والريث: الإبطاء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٤.\n(^٢) في س: \"أموالهم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف في الدلائل ٣/ ١٨٠ من طريق آخر عن موسى بن عقبة به.","vol":"19","page":62},{"text":"أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ؛ فإِنِّي أخافُ عَلَيكَ بادِرَتَه. فجاءَ مَعَه مُعاذٌ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ عُمَرُ مِنَ الصَّلاة، قال: أينَ صُهَيبٌ؟ فقالَ: أنا هذا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: أجِئتَ بالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ضرَبَه؟ قال: نَعَم. فقامَ إلَيه مُعاذُ بن جَبَلٍ، فقالَ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّه عَوفُ بن مالكٍ، فاسمَعْ مِنه ولا تَعجَلْ عَلَيه. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: ما لَكَ ولِهَذا؟ قال: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، رأيتُه يَسوقُ بامرأةٍ مُسلِمَةٍ، فنَخَسَ الحِمارَ (^١) ليَصرَعَها، فلَم تُصرَعْ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَها فخَرَّت عن الحِمارِ فغَشيَها (^٢)، ففَعَلتُ ما تَرَى. قال: ائتِنِي بالمَرأَةِ لِتُصَدِّقَكَ. فأَتَى عَوفٌ المَرأَةَ، فذَكَرَ الَّذِي قال له عُمَرُ، قال أبوها وزَوجُها: ما أرَدتَ بصاحِبَتِنا؟ فضَحتَها! فقالَتِ المَرأَةُ: واللهِ لأذهَبَنَّ مَعَه إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ. فلَمّا أجمَعَت على ذَلِكَ، قال أبوها وزَوجُها: نَحنُ نُبَلِّغُ عَنكِ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فأَتَيا فصَدَّقا عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ بما قال، قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ لِليَهودِيِّ: واللهِ ما على هذا عاهَدناكُم. فأَمَرَ به فصُلِبَ، ثُمَّ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، فوا بذِمَّةِ محمدٍ - ﷺ -، فمَن فعَلَ مِنهُم هذا فلا ذِمَّةَ لَه. قال سُوَيدُ بن غَفَلَةَ: فإِنَّه لأوَّلُ مَصلوبٍ رأيتُه (^٣).\nتابَعَه ابنُ أشوَعَ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) نخس الحمار: طعنه. هدي الساري ص ١٩٣.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ثم تغشاها\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٤٧/ ٤٠، ٤١ من طريق المصنف به. وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٧٠٨) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٣٧ (٦٤) من طريق ابن أشوع به.","vol":"19","page":63},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3944>بابٌ: يُشتَرَطُ عَلَيهِم ألَّا يُحدِثوا في أمصارِ المُسلِميَن كَنيسَةً، ولا مَجمَعًا لِصَلَواتِهِم، ولا صَوتَ ناقوسٍ، ولا حَملَ خَمرٍ، ولا إدخالَ خِنزيرٍ</span>\n\n١٨٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ بن الفَضلِ القَطّانُ قالوا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، قال: كَتَبَ إلَينا عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ: أن أدِّبوا الخَيلَ، ولا يُرفَعَنَّ بَينَ ظَهرانَيكُمُ الصَّليبُ، ولا تُجاوِرَنَّكُمُ الخَنازيرُ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بن طاهِرٍ البَغدادِيُّ الإمامُ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عليِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِيُّ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن حَنَشٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: كُلُّ مِصرٍ مَصَّرَه المُسلِمونَ لا يُبنَى فيه بِيعَةٌ، ولا كَنيسَةٌ، ولا يُضرَبُ فيه بناقوسٍ، ولا يُباعُ فيه لَحمُ خِنزيرٍ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٣٦)، والصغرى (٣٧٦٣). وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤٣ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) جزء محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري (١٦).","vol":"19","page":64},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3945>بابٌ: لا تُهدَمُ لَهُم كَنيسَةٌ ولا بِيعَةٌ</span>\n\n١٨٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُصرِّفُ بن عمرٍو اليامِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، أخبرَنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِيِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: صالَحَ رسىول اللهِ - ﷺ - أهلَ نَجرانَ على ألفَيْ حُلَّةٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ كما مَضى، قال فيه: على ألَّا تُهدَمَ لَهُم بِيعَةٌ، ولا يُخرَجَ لَهُم قَسٌّ، ولا يُفتَنونَ عن دينِهِم؛ ما لَم يُحدِثوا حَدَثًا، أو يأكُلوا الرِّبا (^١).\n\n١٨٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بن بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بن سُلَيمانَ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يُحَدِّثُ عن حَنَشٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: أيُّما مِصرٍ اتَّخَذَه (^٢) العَربُ فلَيسَ لِلعَجَمِ أن يَبتَنُوا (^٣) فيه بِيعَةً - أو قال: كَنيسَةً - ولا يَضرِبوا فيه بناقوسٍ ولا يُدخِلوا فيه خَمرًا ولا خِنزيرًا، وأَيُّما مِصرٍ اتَّخذَه العَجَمُ فعَلَى العَرَب أن يَفُوا لَهُم بعَهدِهِم فيه، ولا يُكَلِّفوهُم ما لا طاقَةَ لَهُم بهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٦٨٣).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أعده\".\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يبنوا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٠٠٢، ١٩٢٣٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٥٢٦) عن معتمر بن سليمان به.","vol":"19","page":65},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3946>بابُ الإمامِ يَكتُبُ كِتابَ الصُّلحِ على الجِزيَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ المُطَّوِّعِيُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن ثَعلَبٍ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بن عُقبَةَ بنِ أبي العَيزار، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ والوَليدِ بنِ نوحٍ والسَّرِيِّ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، يَذكُرونَ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنمٍ قال: كَتَبتُ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ حينَ صالَحَ أهلَ الشّامِ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، هذا كِتابٌ لِعَبدِ اللهِ عُمَرَ أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ مِن نَصارَى مَدينَةِ كَذا وكَذا، إنَّكُم لما قَدِمتُم عَلَينا سألناكُمُ الأمانَ لأنفُسِنا وذَرارِيِّنا وأَموالِنا وأَهلِ مِلَّتِنا، وشَرَطنا لَكُم على أنفُسِنا ألَّا نُحدِثَ في مَدينَتِنا ولا فيما حَولَها دَيرًا ولا كَنيسَةً ولا قَلَّايَةً (^١) ولا صَومَعَةَ راهِبٍ، ولا نُجَدِّدَ ما خَرِبَ مِنها، ولا نُحيي ما كان مِنها في خِطَطِ (^٢) المُسلِمينَ، وألَّا نَمنَعَ كَنائِسَنا أن يَنزِلَها أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ في لَيلٍ ولا نَهارٍ، ونوَسِّعَ (^٣) أبوابَها لِلمارَّةِ وابنِ السَّبيل، وأن نُنزِلَ مَن مَرَّ بنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ نُطعِمُهُم، وألَّا نُؤَمِّنَ في كَنائسِنا ولا مَنازِلِنا جاسوسًا، ولا نَكتُمَ غِشًّا لِلمُسلِمينَ، ولا نُعَلِّمَ أولادَنا القُرآنَ، ولا نُظهِرَ شِركًا، ولا نَدعوَ إلَيه أحَدًا، ولا نَمنَعَ أحَدًا مِن قَرابَتِنا\n_________\n(^١) القلاية: شبه الصومعة تكون في كنيسة النصارى، وهي من بيوت عباداتهم، مُعرَّب كلّاذة. تاج العروس ٣٩/ ٣٤٥ (ق ل ئ).\n(^٢) الخطط: جمع خطة، وهي الأرض يختطها الإنسان لنفسه بأن يعلم عليها علامة ويخط عليها خطا ليعلم أنه قد احتازها. النهاية ٢/ ٤٨.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ولا نوسع\".","vol":"19","page":66},{"text":"الدُّخولَ في الإسلامِ إن أرادَه، وأَن نوَقِّرَ المُسلِمينَ، وأَن نَقومَ لَهُم مِن مَجالِسِنا إن أرادوا جُلوسًا، ولا نَتَشَبَّهَ بهِم في شَئٍ مِن لِباسِهِم مِن قَلَنْسُوَةٍ ولا عِمامَةٍ ولا نَعلَينِ ولا فرْقِ شَعَرٍ، ولا نَتَكَلَّمَ بكَلامِهِم، ولا نَتَكَنَّى بكُناهُم، ولا نَركَبَ السُّروجَ، ولا نَتَقَلَّدَ السُّيوفَ، ولا نَتَّخِذَ شَيئًا مِنَ السِّلاح، ولا نَحمِلَه معنا، ولا نَنقُشَ خَواتيمَنا بالعَربيَّة، ولا نَبيعَ الخُمورَ، وأَن نَجُزَّ مَقادِيمَ رُءوسِنا، وأَن نَلزَمَ زِيَّنا حَيثُما كُنّا، وأَن نَشُدَّ الزَّنانيرَ (^١) على أوساطِنا، وأَلَّا نُظهِرَ صُلُبَنا وكُتُبَنا في شَئٍ مِن طَريقِ المُسلِمينَ ولا أسواقِهِم، وأَلَّا نُظهِرَ الصُّلُبَ على كَنائسِنا، وألَّا نَضرِبَ بناقوسٍ في كَنائسِنا بَينَ حَضرَةِ المُسلِمينَ، وأَلَّا نُخرِجَ سَعانِينَا (^٢) ولا باعوثًا (^٣)، ولا نَرفَعَ أصواتَنا مَعَ أمواتِنا، ولا نُظهِرَ النّيرانَ مَعَهُم في شَئٍ مِن طَريقِ المُسلِمينَ، ولا تُجاوِرَهُم مَوتانا، ولا نَتَّخِذَ مِنَ الرَّقيقِ ما جَرَى عَلَيه سِهامُ المُسلِمينَ، وأَن نُرشِدَ المُسلِمينَ، ولا نَطَّلِعَ عَلَيهِم في مَنازِلِهِم. فلَمّا أتَيتُ عُمَرَ بالكِتابِ زادَ فيه: وألَّا نَضرِبَ أحَدًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، شرَطنا لَهُم ذَلِكَ على أنفُسِنا وأَهلِ\n_________\n(^١) الزنانير جمع الزُّنَّار: ما يشد على وسط النصارى والمجوس. ينظر القاموس المحيط، والمصباح المنير (ز ن ر).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". والسعانين يقال: إنه عيدُهم الأول، وذلك قبل فصحهم بأسبوع يخرجون بصلبانهم. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٧٤.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"باعونا\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: باعوث بالعين والثاء عندهم، فلا التفات إذن إلى إنكار ابن البرى اللغوي لهذه اللفظة\". اهـ. وينظر كتاب ابن برى غلط الضعفاء من الفقهاء ص ٢٥. والباعوث بالعين المهملة والثاء المثلثة استسقاء النصارى يخرجون بصلبانهم إلى الصحارى يستسقون. غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٧٤، واللسان ٢/ ١٠ (ب غ ت)، ٢/ ١١٦ (ب ع ث).","vol":"19","page":67},{"text":"مِلَّتِنا، وقَبِلنا عَنهُمُ الأمانَ، فإِن نَحن خالَفنا شَيئًا ممّا شَرَطناه لَكُم فضَمِنّاه على أنفُسِنا، فلا ذِمَّةَ لَنا، وقَد حَلَّ لَكُم ما يَحِلُّ لَكُم مِن أهلِ المُعانَدَةِ والشِّقاقِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3947>بابٌ: يُشتَرَطُ عَلَيهِم أن يُفَرِّقوا بَيَن هَيئاتِهِم وهَيئاتِ المُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٨٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بن عُقبَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ، قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أُمَراءِ الأجنادِ: أن اختِموا رِقابَ أهلِ الجِزيَةِ في أعناقِهِم (^٢).\nواحتَجَّ أصحابُنا في ذَلِكَ أيضًا بما:\n\n١٨٧٥٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ بنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"يُسَلِّمُ الصَّغيرُ على الكَبير، والمارُّ على القاعِد، والقَليلُ على الكَثيرِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الشقاوة\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢/ ١٧٧، ١٧٨ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٦٧: يحيى بن عقبة، قال أبو حاتم: يفتعل الحديث. وقال النسائي وغيره: ليس بثقة. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٧٩، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ص ٢٤٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٥٤٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٢٦٧). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١٠٠١) عن أحمد بن حفص به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٢٣٤).","vol":"19","page":68},{"text":"١٨٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي زيادٌ، أن ثابِتًا مَولَى عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدٍ أخبَرَه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُسَلِّمُ الرّاكِبُ على الماشِي، والماشِي على القاعِد، والقَليلُ على الكَثيرِ\" (^١). قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: الماشيانِ إذا اجتَمَعا فأَيُّهُما بَدأَ بالسَّلامِ فهو أفضَلُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن رَوحٍ دونَ قَولِ جابِرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَرزوقٍ عن رَوحٍ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُم لاقونَ اليَهودَ غَدًا فلا تَبدَءوهُم بالسَّلام، فإِن سَلَّموا عَليَكُم فقولوا: وعَلَيكَ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٣١٢)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٩٩٣)، وأبو داود (٥١٩٩) من طريق روح به.\n(^٢) الحارث بن أبي أسامة (٨٠٦ - بغية). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٩٩٤) من طريق روح به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٣٣)، ومسلم (٢١٦٠/ ١).\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٢٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٦٩٨، ٥٢٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢١٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٩٢٨)، ومسلم (٢١٦٤/ ٩).","vol":"19","page":69},{"text":"١٨٧٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اليَهودَ إذا سَلّمَ عَلَيكُم أحَدُهُم إنَّما يقولُ: السّامُ عَلَيكَ. فقُلْ: عَلَيكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَتْ: دَخَلَ رَهطٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: السّامُ عَلَيكُم. فقالَتْ عائشَةُ: ففَهِمتُها، فقُلتُ: عَلَيكُمُ السّامُ واللَّعنَةُ. قالَت: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"مَهلًا يا عائشَةُ، إنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الرِّفقَ في الأمرِ كُلِّه\". قالَت: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، ألَم تَسمَعْ ما قالوا؟! قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فقَد قُلتُ: عَلَيكُم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزاق، وأَخرجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٤).\nقال أصحابُنا: وهَذِه السُّنَنُ لا يُمكِنُ استِعمالُها إلَّا بَعدَ المَعرِفَةِ بهِم،\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٦٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٦٩٩)، والبخارى (٦٩٢٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٢٥٧).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٩٨٣٩، ١٩٤٦٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥٦٣٣)، وعبد بن حميد (١٤٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٢١٥)، وابن حبان (٦٤٤١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٦٥/ ١٠)، والبخارى (٦٣٩٥).","vol":"19","page":70},{"text":"ولَيسَ كُلُّ أحَدٍ يَعرِفُهُم، فلا بُدَّ مِن غيارٍ يَتَمَيَّزونَ به عن المُسلِمينَ.\n\n١٨٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عاصِمُ بن حَكيمٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي عمرٍو السَّيبانِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، أنَّه مَرَّ برَجُلٍ هَيئَتُه هَيئَةُ رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ، فسَلَّمَ، فرَدَّ عَلَيه عُقبَةُ: وعَلَيكَ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ وبَرَكاتُه. فقالَ له الغُلامُ: أتَدرِي على مَن رَدَدتَ؟ فقالَ: ألَيسَ برَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ؟ فقالوا: لا، ولَكِنَّه نَصرانِيٌّ. فقامَ عُقبَةُ فتَبِعَه حَتَّى أدرَكَه، فقالَ: إنَّ رَحمَةَ اللهِ وبَرَكاتِه على المُؤمِنينَ، لَكِنْ أطالَ اللهُ حَياتَكَ، وأَكثَرَ مالَكَ (^١).\nوروِّينا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَعناه في الابتِداءِ بالسَّلامِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3948>بابٌ: لا يأخُذونَ على المُسلِمينَ سَرَواتِ الطُّرُقِ (^٢) ولا المَجالِسِ في الأسواقِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ، قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا لَقيتُمُ المُشرِكينَ في الطَّريقِ فلا تَبدَءوهُم بالسَّلام،\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٦٩: عاصم ثقة.\n(^٢) السراة من الطريق: متنه ومعظمه، والجمع سروات. التاج ٣٨/ ٢٧٤ (س ر و).","vol":"19","page":71},{"text":"واضطَرُّوهُم إلَى أضيَقِه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الزِّيادِيُّ، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبد الحَميد، أخبرَنا سُهَيلُ بن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا لَقيتُموهُم فلا تَبدَءوهُم بالسَّلام، واضطَرّوهُم إلَى أضيَقِ الطُّرُقِ\". قال: هذا لِلنَّصارَى في النَّعت، ونَحنُ نُراه لِلمُشرِكينَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3949>بابٌ: لا يَدخُلونَ مَسجِدًا بغَيِر إذنٍ</span>\n\n١٨٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ العَلَوِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بن محمدِ بنِ النَّجّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَة، قالا: أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بن حَمّادٍ، عن أسباط، عن سِماكٍ، عن عياضٍ الأشعَرِيِّ، عن أبي موسَى، أن عُمَرَ أمَرَه أن يَرفَعَ إلَيه ما أخَذَ وما أعطَى في أديمٍ واحِدٍ، وكانَ لأبِي موسَى كاتِبٌ نَصرانِيٌّ يَرفَعُ إلَيه ذَلِكَ، فعَجِبَ عُمَرُ وقالَ: إنَّ هذا لَحافِظٌ. وقالَ: إنَّ لَنا كِتابًا في المَسجِد، وكانَ جاءَ مِنَ الشّام، فادعُه فليَقرأْ. قال أبو موسَى: إنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٢٦، ١٠٧٩٧)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١١١) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٥٢٠٥)، والترمذي (١٦٠٢، ٢٧٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥٠٠، ٥٠١) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٦٧/ ١٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٨٧٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٦٧/ ١٣).","vol":"19","page":72},{"text":"لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَدخُلَ المَسجِدَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أجُنُبٌ هوَ؟ قال: لا، بَل نَصرانِيٌّ. قال: فانتَهَرَنِي وضرَبَ فخِذِي. وقالَ: أخرِجْه. وقَرأ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١]. وذَكَر الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3950>بابٌ: لا يأخُذُ المُسلِمونَ مِن ثِمارِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ ولا أموالِهِم شَيئًا بغَيِر أمرِهِم إذا أعطَوا ما عَلَيهِم، وما ورَدَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ في ظُلمِهِم وقَتلِهِم</span>\n\n١٨٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عيسَى، حدثنا أشعَثُ بن شُعبَةَ، أخبرَنا أرطاةُ بن المُنذِر، قال: سَمِعتُ حَكيمَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ أبا الأحوَصِ يُحَدِّثُ عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ قال: نَزَلنا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ ومَعَه مَن مَعَه مِن أصحابِه، وكانَ صاحِبُ خَيبَرَ رَجُلًا مارِدًا مُنكَرًا، فأَقبَلَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا محمدُ ألَكُم أن تَذبَحوا حُمُرَنا وتأكُلوا ثِمارَنا وتَضرِبوا نِساءَنا؟! فغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وقالَ: \"يا ابنَ عَوفٍ اركَبْ فرَسَكَ ثُمَّ نادِ: إنَّ الجَنَّةَ لا تَحِلُّ إلَّا لمؤمنٍ، وأَنِ اجتَمِعوا لِلصَّلاةِ\". قال: فاجتَمَعوا، ثُمَّ صَلى بهِمُ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ثُمَّ قامَ فقالَ: \"أيحسِبُ أحَدُكُم مُتَّكِئًا على أريكَتِه قَد يَظُنُّ أن اللَّهَ ﷿ لَم يُحَرِّمْ شَيئًا إلَّا ما في هذا القُرآنِ؟! ألا وإِنِّي واللَّهِ قَد أمَرتُ ووَعَظتُ ونَهَيتُ عن أشياءَ إنَّها لمثلُ القُرآنِ أو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٣٨٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١١٥٦ (٦٥١٠) من طريق سماك به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٤٣٧).","vol":"19","page":73},{"text":"أكثَرُ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَم يُحِلَّ لَكُم أن تَدخُلوا بُيوتَ أهلِ الكِتابِ إلَّا بإِذنٍ، ولا ضَربَ نِسائهِم، ولا أكلَ ثِمارِهِم، إذا أعطَوكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَيهِم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن شاذانَ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُم لَعلَّكُم تُقاتِلونَ قَومًا وتَظهَرونَ عَلَيهِم، فيُفادونَكُم بأَموالِهِم دونَ أنفُسهِم وأَبنائهِم، وتُصالِحونَهُم (^٢) على صُلحٍ، فلا تُصيبوا مِنهُم فوقَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لَكُم\". قال الثَّقَفِيُّ: صَحِبتُ الجُهَنيَّ في غَزاةٍ أو سَفَرٍ، فكانَ مِن أعَفِّ النّاسِ عن الأعداءِ (^٣).\nأخرَجَه أبو داودَ مِن حَديثِ أبي عَوانَةَ عن مَنصورٍ.\n\n١٨٧٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وسَعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن هِلالٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن ثَقيفَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لَعلَّكُم تُقاتِلونَ قَومًا فتَظهَروا عَلَيهِم، فيَتَّقونَكُم بأَموالِهِم دونَ أنفُسهِم وأَبنائهِم\". قال\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٥٠). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٢٢٦) من طريق أشعث به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"تصالحوهم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٣٨٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٥٨٥) من طريق زائدة به.","vol":"19","page":74},{"text":"سعيدٌ في حَديثِه: \"فيُصالِحونَكُم على صُلحٍ\". ثُمَّ اتَّفَقا: \"فلا تُصيبوا مِنهُم فوقَ ذَلِكَ فإِنَّه لا يَصلُحُ لَكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو صَخرٍ المَدَنيُّ، أن صَفوانَ بنَ سُلَيمٍ أخبَرَه، عن ثَلاثينَ مِن أبناءِ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، عن آبائهم دِنيَةً (^٢)، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ألا مَن ظَلَمَ مُعاهَدًا وانتَقَصَه، وكَلَّفَه فوقَ طاقَتِه، أو أخَذَ مِنه شَيئًا بغَيرِ طيبِ نَفسٍ مِنه، فأَنا حَجيجُه يَومَ القيامَة\". وأَشارَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بإِصبَعِه إلَى صدرِه: \"ألا ومَن قَتَلَ مُعاهَدًا له ذِمَّةُ اللهِ وذِمَّةُ رسولِه، حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه ريحَ الجَنَّة، وإن ريحَها لَتُوجَدُ مِن مَسيرَةِ سبعينَ خَريفًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ قال: أخبرَنِى المنيعِيُّ والحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ -، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ مُعاهَدًا بغَيرِ حَقٍّ لَم يَرَحْ رائحَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٥١)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٠٣). وأخرجه يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣٧) عن أبي عوانة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٦٥).\n(^٢) دنية: أي لاصقي النسب. ينظر القاموس المحيط ١/ ٢٤٥، ٤/ ٣٢٣ (ل ح ح، د ن و).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٥٢)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٦٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٦٢٦).","vol":"19","page":75},{"text":"الجَنَّةِ، وِإنَّه لَيوجَدُ ريحُها مِن مَسيرَةِ أربَعينَ عامًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَيسِ بنِ حَفصٍ عن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عمرُو بن عبد الغَفّارِ عن الحَسَنِ.\n\n١٨٧٦٧ - وخالَفَه مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيُّ فرَواه عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو عن مُجاهِدٍ عن جُنادَةَ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ -، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ قَتيلًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَم يَرَحْ رائحَةَ الجَنَّة، وإِنَّ ريحَها لَتوجَدُ مِن كَذا وكَذا\". أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عمرٍو. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ بنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الحَكَمُ بن الأعرَجِ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ ثَرْمُلَةَ العِجلِيِّ، عن أبي بكرَةَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن قَتَلَ نَفسًا مُعاهَدَة بغَيرِ حِلِّها فقَد حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ أن يَشَمَّ رِيحَها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٦٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٦٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٦٥٦١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٨٣)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٢٨ من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي (٤٧٦٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٨٢) من طريق يونس به. وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٧٧١: أشعث وثقه ابن معين، وهذا إسناد صالح.","vol":"19","page":76},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3951>بابُ النَّهي عن التَّشديدِ في جِبايَةِ الجِزيَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بن الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهاب، عن عُروةَ، أن هِشامَ بنَ حَكيمٍ وجَدَ رَجُلًا وهو على حِمصَ يُشَمِّسُ ناسًا من القِبطِ (^١) في أداءِ الجِزيَة، فقالَ: ما هذا؟! إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، يقول: \"إنَّ اللهَ يُعَذِّبُ الَّذينَ يُعَذِّبونَ النّاسَ في الدُّنيا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَم، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ الأحمَرُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عُمَيرٍ، أخبرَنِي رَجُلٌ مِن ثَقيفَ قال: استَعمَلَنِي عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ على بُزُرْجَ سابورَ (^٤)، فقالَ: لا تَضرِبَنَّ رَجُلًا سَوطًا في جِبايَةِ دِرهَمٍ، ولا تَبيعَنَّ لَهُم رِزقًا ولا كسوَةَ شِتاءٍ ولا صَيفٍ ولا دابَّةً يَعتَمِلونَ عَلَيها، ولا تُقِمْ رَجُلًا قائمًا في طَلَبِ دِرهَمٍ. قال: قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ،\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ، وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وفي حاشية الأصل: \"كذا، وصوابه: النبط. والله أعلم\". قلنا: عند أبي داود والنسائي: \"القبط\". وعند مسلم وأحمد وابن حبان: \"النبط\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٤٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٧١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (١٥٣٣٥)، وابن حبان (٥٦١٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦١٣/ ١١٩).\n(^٤) بزرج سابور: ناحية أعلى بغداد. ينظر معجم البلدان ١/ ٦٠٣.","vol":"19","page":77},{"text":"إِذَنْ أرجِعَ إلَيكَ كما ذَهَبتُ مِن عِندِكَ. قال: وإِن رَجَعتَ كما ذَهَبتَ، ويحَكَ، إنَّما أُمِرنا أن نأخُذَ مِنهُمُ العَفوَ. يَعني الفَضلَ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباس، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن إبراهيمَ (^٢) سأَلَه ما في أموالِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: العَفوُ. يَعنِي الفَضلَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3952>بابٌ: لا يأخُذُ مِنهُم في الجِزيَةِ خَمرًا ولا خِنزيرًا</span>\n\n١٨٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن بَشّارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عَمَّن سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يقولُ: دَخَلتُ على عُمَرَ وهو يُقلِّبُ يَدَه هَكَذا، فقُلتُ له: ما لَكَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: عوَيمِلٌ لَنا بالعِراقِ خَلَطَ في فئِ المُسلِمينَ أثمانَ الخَمرِ وأَثمانَ الخَنازيرِ، ألَم تَعلَمْ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ، حُرِّمَت عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومُ أن يأكُلوها فجَمَلوها فباعوها وأَكَلوا أثمانَها\"؟ قال سفيانُ: يقولُ: لا تأخُذوا في جِزيَتِهِمُ الخَمرَ والخَنازيرَ، ولَكِن خَلُّوا بَينَهُم وبَينَ بَيعِها، فإِذا باعوها فخُذوا\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣٤).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"يعني ابن سعد\".\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣٣).","vol":"19","page":78},{"text":"أثمانَها في جِزيَتِهِم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3953>بابُ الوَصاةِ بأَهلِ الذِّمَّةِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا بنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي حَرمَلَةُ بن عِمرانَ التُّجيبِيُّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ المَهرِيِّ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ذَرٍّ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُم سَتَفتَحونَ أرضًا يُذكَرُ فيها القيراطُ (^٢)، فاستَوصوا بأَهلِها خَيرًا، فإنَّ لَهُم ذِمَّةً ورَحِمًا (^٣)، فإِذا رأيتُم رَجُليَنِ يَقتَتِلانِ على مَوضِعِ لَبِنَةٍ فاخرُجْ مِنها\". قال: فمَرَّ برَبيعَةَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ (^٤) شُرَحبيلَ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ يَتَنازَعانِ في مَوضِعِ لَبِنَةٍ، فخَرَجَ مِنها (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٨٥٥) عن سفيان بن عيينة به مقتصرًا على أوله. والحميدى (١٤) عن سفيان عن مسعر عن عبد الملك بن عمير عن فلان عن ابن عباس. وتقدم في (١١١٤٩).\n(^٢) قال القاضي: يريد مصر، والقيراط: جزء من الوزن، وهو عند أهل الحساب وسائر الفقهاء والموثقين وعند أهل الفرائض في عرفهم جزء من أربعة وعشرين وضعوه لتقريب القسمة ... ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٧٨.\n(^٣) قال النووي: أما الذمة فهي الحرمة والحق، وهي هنا بمعنى الذمام، وأما الرحم، فلكون هاجر أم إسماعيل منهم. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ١٦/ ٩٧.\n(^٤) ضبب عليها في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"صوابه: ابنى\". اهـ. وهو الصواب كما في مصادر التخريج.\n(^٥) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٣٢١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٥٢١)، وابن حبان (٦٦٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"19","page":79},{"text":"في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلِيِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ، قال: سَمِعتُ جُوَيريَةَ بنَ قُدامَةَ التَّميمِيَّ يقولُ: حَجَجتُ فأَتَيتُ المَدينَةَ، فسَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ يَخطُبُ، فقالَ: إنِّي رأيتُ ديكًا نَقَرَنِي نَقرَةً أو نَقرَتَينِ. قال: فما كانَتْ إلَّا جُمُعَةٌ أو نَحوُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى أُصيبَ، ثُمَّ أذِنَ لأصحابِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ثُمَّ أذِنَ لأهلِ المَدينَةِ، ثُمَّ أذِنَ لأهلِ الشَّامِ، ثُمَّ أذِنَ لأهلِ العِراق، فكُنّا في آخِرِ مَن دَخَلَ، فإِذا عِمامَةٌ سَوداءُ أو بُردٌ أسوَدُ قَد عُصِبَ على طَعنَتِه، وإِذا الدَّمُ يَسيلُ، فقُلنا: أوصِنا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ: أوصيكُم بكِتابِ اللهِ؛ فإِنَّكُم لَن تَضِلُّوا ما اتَّبَعتُموه، وأوصيكُم بالمُهاجِرينَ؛ فإِنَّ النّاسَ يَكثُرونَ ويَقِلّونَ، وأوصيكُم بالأنصار، فإِنَّهُم شِعبُ الإسلامِ الَّذِي لَجأ (^٢) إلَيه، وأوصيكُم بالأعراب، فإِنَّهُم أصلُكُم ومادَّتُكُم. وقالَ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: فإِنَّهُم إخوانُكُم وعَدوُّ عَدوِّكُم، وأوصيكُم بذِمَّةِ الله، فإِنَّهُم ذِمَّةُ نَبيِّكُم - ﷺ - ورِزقُ عيالِكُم. ثُمَّ قال: قوموا عَنِّي (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ بنِ أبي إياسٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٥٤٣/ ٢٢٦).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"نجا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٦٢).","vol":"19","page":80},{"text":"١٨٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن حُصينِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه قال: أُوصِي الخَليفَةَ مِن بَعدِي بأَهلِ الذِّمَّةِ خَيرًا؛ أن يُوفَى لَهُم بعَهدِهِم، وأَن يُقاتَلَ مِن ورائهِم، وألَّا يُكَلَّفوا فوقَ طاقَتِهِم (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3954>بابٌ: لا يَقرَبُ المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ - وهو الحَرَمُ كُلُّه - مُشرِكٌ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٨].\n\n١٨٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَنِي أبو بكرٍ فيمَن يُؤَذِّنُ يَومَ النَّحرِ بمِنًى: ألا يَحُجَّ بَعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ، وأَلا يَطوفَ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ، ويَومُ الحَجِّ الأكبَرِ يَومُ النَّحرِ. وإِنَّما قيلَ: الحَجُّ الأكبَرُ، مِن أجلِ قَولِ النّاسِ: الحَجُّ الأصغَرُ. فنَبَذَ أبو بكرٍ إلَى النّاسِ في ذَلِكَ العام، فلَم يَحُجَّ في العامِ القابِلِ الَّذِي حَجَّ فيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَّةَ الوَداعِ مُشرِكٌ، وأَنزَلَ اللهُ في العامِ الَّذِي نَبَذَ فيه أبو بكرٍ إلَى المُشرِكينَ:\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٢٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٨٨٨).","vol":"19","page":81},{"text":"﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَذَا﴾ الآيَة. وذَكَرَ باقِيَ الحديثِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن موسَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ يُثَيعٍ، عن عليٍّ، قال: أُرسِلتُ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ بأَربَعٍ؛ لا يَطوفَنَّ بالكَعبَةِ عُريانٌ، ولا يَقرَبَنَّ المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ مُشرِكٌ بَعدَ عامِه، ولا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا نَفسٌ مُؤمِنَةٌ، ومَن كان له عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَهدٌ فعَهدُه إلَى مُدَّتِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الهَمدانِيِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ يُثَيعٍ قال: سأَلْنا عَليًّا: بأَيِّ شَئٍ بُعِثتَ؟ قال: بأَربَعٍ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: ولا يَجتَمِعُ مسلمٌ ومُشرِكٌ بَعدَ عامِهِم هذا في الحَجِّ. وزادَ: ومَن لَم يَكُنْ له عَهدٌ فأَربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٦٧٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٧٨٥)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٣١٥ من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٥٤٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٠٠٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٩٤)، والترمذي (٨٧١، ٨٧٢، ٣٠٩٢) وحسنه من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"19","page":82},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3955>بابٌ: لا يَسكُنُ أرضَ الحِجازِ مُشرِكٌ</span>\n\n١٨٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن هارونَ، حدثنا المَرّارُ بن حَمُّويَه الهَمَذانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى الكِنانِيُّ، قال موسَى، وهو أبو غَسّانَ الكِنانِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، قال: لما فُدِعتُ (^١) بخَيبَرَ قامَ عُمَرُ خَطيبًا في النّاس، فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عامَلَ يَهودَ خَيبَرَ على أموالِها، وقالَ: \"نُقِرُّكُم ما أقرَّكُمُ اللهُ\". وإِنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ خَرَجَ إلَى مالِه هُناكَ فعُدِيَ عَلَيه في اللَّيلِ ففُدِعَتْ يُداه، ولَيسَ لَنا عَدوٌّ هُناكَ غَيرُهُم، وهُمْ تُهمَتُنا، وقَد رأيتُ إجلاءَهُم. فلَمّا أجمَعَ على ذَلِكَ أتاه أحَدُ بَنِي أبي الحُقَيق، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، تُخرِجُنا وقَد أقَرَّنا محمدٌ وعامَلَنا على الأموالِ وشَرَطَ ذَلِكَ لَنا؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ: أظَنَنتَ أنِّي نَسيتُ قَولَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كَيفَ بكَ إذا أُخرِجتَ مِن خَيبَرَ تَعدو بكَ قَلوصُكَ لَيلَةً بَعدَ لَيلَةٍ\"؟! فأَجلاهُم وأَعطاهُم قيمَةَ ما لَهُم مِنَ الثَّمَرِ مالًا وإِبِلًا وعُروضًا مِن أقتابٍ وحِبالٍ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي أحمدَ وهو مَرّارُ بن حَمُّويَهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ اإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بن زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ بَزيعٍ وأبو الأشعَث،\n_________\n(^١) الفدع بفتحتين: زوال المفصل، وفدعت يداه: إذا أزيلتا من مفاصلهما. فتح الباري ٥/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ٤/ ٢٣٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٠)، وأبو داود (٣٠٠٧) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٣٠).","vol":"19","page":83},{"text":"قالا: حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا موسَى بن عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِي نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ أجلَى اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى مِن أرضِ الحِجاز، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لما ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ أرادَ إخراجَ اليَهودِ مِنها، وكانَتِ الأرضُ إذا ظَهَرَ عَلَيها للهِ ولِرسولِه ولِلمُسلِمينَ، فسأَلَ اليَهودُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن يُقِرَّهُم بها على أن يَكفُوا العَمَلَ ولَهُم نِصفُ الثَّمَر، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أُقِرُّكُم على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\". فأُقِرّوا بها وأَجلاهُم عُمَرُ في إمارَتِه إلَى تَيماءَ وأَريحاءَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الأشعَثِ أحمدَ بنِ المِقدامِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٨١ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي مُسلِمٍ، قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يقولُ: يَومُ الخَميسِ! وما يَومُ الخَميسِ! ثُمَّ بَكَى، ثُمَّ قال: اشتَدَّ وجَعُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"ائتونِي أكتُبْ لَكُم كِتابًا لا تَضِلّوا بَعدَه أبَدًا\". فتَنازَعوا ولا يَنبَغِي عِندَ نَبِيٍّ تَنازُعٌ، فقالَ: \"ذَرونِي فالَّذِي أنا فيه خَيرٌ ممّا تَدعونِي إلَيه\". وأَمَرَهُم بثَلاثٍ، فقالَ: \"أخرِجوا المُشرِكينَ مِن جَزيرَةِ العَرَب، وأَجيزوا الوَفدَ بنَحو ممّا كُنتُ أُجيزُهُم\". والثّالِثَةُ نَسِيتُها (^٣) رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٢٧٥٧) من طريق الفضيل بن سليمان به. وتقدم في (١١٧٣٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٣٨، ٣١٥٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٨١. وأخرجه الحميدي (٥٢٦)، وأحمد (١٩٣٥)، وأبو داود (٣٠٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٥٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"19","page":84},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وقُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِما عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يَحيَى الزُّهرِيُّ القاضِي بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، قالا: حدثنا رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ، قال: حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن أبي الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لئن عِشتُ لأُخرِجَنَّ اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى مِن جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ حَتَّى لا أترُكَ فيها إلَّا مُسلِمًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ (^٤) بن سَمُرَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٠٥٣، ٣١٦٨، ٤٤٣١)، ومسلم (١٦٣٧/ ٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٧٥٨) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وأبو داود (٣٠٣١)، والترمذي (١٦٠٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٦٨٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٥٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٦٧).\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وأثبتها ناشرو المطبوعة: \"سعْد\" من تعجيل المنفعة ١/ ٥٧٣، وهو كذلك في نسخة من المهذب. وكذلك ترجم له البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٥٧، وابن حبان في الثقات ٤/ ٤٩٤، وكذا جاء اسمه في تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٤١ في ترجمة ولده جعفر بن سعد بن سمرة. وتقدم عندنا: جعفر بن سعد بن سمرة في (٣٠٣٧، ٤٣٦٥، ٧٦٧٢).","vol":"19","page":85},{"text":"جُندُبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ، قال: آخِرُ ما تَكَلَّمَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أخرِجوا يَهودَ الحِجازِ وأَهلَ نَجرانَ مِن جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ، واعلَموا أن شَرَّ النّاسِ الَّذينَ اتَّخَذوا قُبورَهُم مَساجِدَ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّه كان مِن آخَرِ ما تَكَلَّمَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن قال: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى، اتَّخَذوا قُبورَ أنبيائهِم مَساجِدَ، لا يَبقَيَنَّ دينانِ بأَرضِ العَرَبِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٧٨٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ دينانِ فى جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ\". قال مالكٌ: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: ففَحَصَ عن ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ حَتَّى أتاه الثَّلَجُ (^٣) واليَقينُ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا يَجتَمَعُ دينانِ فى جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ\". فأَجلَى يَهودَ خَيبَرَ. قال مالكٌ: وقَد أجلَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَهودَ نَجرانَ وفَدَكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٩١)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٥٧، والدارمى (٢٥٤٠)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٣٥، ٢٣٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والحميدى (٨٥) من طريق إبراهيم ابن ميمون به. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٧٧٥: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٧/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٨٩٢، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (٩٩٨٧، ١٩٣٦٨)، وابن سعد ٢/ ٢٥٤، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٢٢٠٥).\n(^٣) ثلجت نفسى بالأمر ثلجا: إذا اطمأنت إليه وسكنت، وثَبَت فيها ووثقت به. النهاية ١/ ٢١٩.\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٧/ ٣ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٨٩٢، ٨٩٣.","vol":"19","page":86},{"text":"١٨٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن قابوسَ بنِ أبى ظَبيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَكونُ قِبلَتانِ فى بَلَدٍ واحِدٍ\" (^١).\nوروّيناه عن أبى كُدَينَةَ عن قابوسَ بنِ أبى ظَبيانَ بإِسنادِه: \"لا يَجتَمِعُ قِبلَتانِ فى جَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد أجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَهودَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ. ثَمَّ يَهودَ المَدينَةِ.\nوروَّيناه فى حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو السَّرِىِّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حامِدٍ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ داودَ الحَنظَلِىُّ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن يَهودَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ وقُرَيظَةَ حارَبوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَنِى النَّضيرِ، وأَقَرَّ قُرَيظَةَ. وذَكَرَ الحديث. قال: وأَجلَى\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٣٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٩)، والترمذى (٦٣٣، ٦٣٤) من طريق جرير به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابى داود (٦٥٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٧٣٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٩٨٢، ١٨٠٧٦، ١٨٣٠٩).","vol":"19","page":87},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَهودَ المَدينَةِ كُلَّهُم بَنِى قَينُقاعَ؛ وهُم قَومُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ، وبَنِى حارِثَةَ، وكُلَّ يَهودِىٍّ كان بالمَدينَةِ، وكانَ اليَهودُ والنَّصارَى ومَن سِواهُم مِنَ الكُفّارِ لا يُقَرُّونَ فيها فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ على عَهدِ عُمَرَ، ولا أدرِى أكانَ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ بهِم أم لا (^١).\n\n١٨٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ الخَولانِىُّ، قال: قُرِئَ على شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ: أخبَرَكَ أبوكَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه قال: بَينَما نَحنُ جُلوسٌ فى المَسجِدِ إذ خَرَجَ إلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"انطَلِقوا إلَى يَهودَ\". فخَرَجنا مَعَه حَتَّى جِئنا إلَى بَيتِ المِدراسِ (^٢)، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فناداهُم فقالَ: \"يا مَعشَرَ يَهودَ أسلِموا تَسلَموا\". قالوا: قَد بَلَّغتَ يا أبا القاسِمِ. فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذَلِكَ أُريدُ، أسلِموا تَسلَموا\". قالوا: قَد بَلَّغتَ يا أبا القاسِمِ. فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذَلِكَ أُريدُ\". ثُمَّ قالَها الثّالِثَةَ، وقالَ: \"اعلَموا أنَّ الأرضَ للهِ ولِرسولِه، وإِنِّى أُريدُ أن أُجليَكُم مِن هذه الأرضِ، فمَن وجَدَ مِنكُم شَيئًا مِن مالِه فليَبِعْه، وإِلَّا فاعلَموا أنَّما الأرضُ للهِ ولِرسولِهِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٧٦٦) عقب (٦٢) من طريق حفص بن ميسرة به. وتقدم فى (١٨٠٧٦، ١٨٣٠٩).\n(^٢) المدراس: البيت الذى يقرأ فيه أهل الكتاب كتبهم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٥٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٤٨، ٩٨٢٦)، وأبو داود (٣٠٠٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٨٧) من طريق الليث به.","vol":"19","page":88},{"text":"كِلاهُما عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3956>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَفسيرِ أرضِ الحِجازِ وجَزيرَةِ العَرَبِ</span>\n\n١٨٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىًّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، قال: قال سعيدُ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: جَزيرَةُ العَرَبِ ما بينَ الوادِى إلَى أقصَى اليَمَنِ إلَى تُخومِ (^٢) العِراقِ إلَى البحرِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدةَ فال: جَزيرَةُ العَرَبِ ما بينَ حَفَرِ أبى موسَى (^٤) إلَى أقصَى اليَمَنِ فى الطّولِ، وأَمّا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٣١٦٧)، ومسلم (١٧٦٥/ ٦١).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قال ابن السكيت: سمعت أبا عمرو يقول: تخوم الأرض بفتح التاء مفرد جمعه تخم كصبور وصبر، ذكر ذلك الجوهرى صاحب الصحاح، وذكر الجوهرى فى صدر الفصل التخم منتهى كل قرية أو أرض، يقال: فلان على تخم من الأرض، والجمع تخوم مثل فلس وفلوس. قال الشاعر:\nيا بنى التخوم لا تظلموها ... إن ظلم التخوم ذو عُقال\nالعقال بضم العين والقاف المشددة: ظلع يأخذ فى قوائم الدابة. والله سبحانه أعلم\". اهـ. وينظر الصحاح (ع ق ل، ت خ م).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠٣٣). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦١٨): صحيح مقطوع.\n(^٤) حفر أبى موسى: آبار احتفرها أبو موسى الأشعرى ﵁ على جادة البصرة إلى مكة، منها حفر ضبة وحفر سعد بن زيد مناة، وهى الآن حَفَر الباطن الواقعة شرق المملكة العربية السعودية. المعجم الكبير ٥/ ٤٧٧ (ح ف ر).","vol":"19","page":89},{"text":"العَرضُ فما بَينَ رَملِ يَبرينَ (^١) إلَى مُنقَطَعِ السَّماوَةِ (^٢). قال: وقالَ الأصمَعِىُّ: جَزيرَةُ العَرَبِ مِن أقصَى عَدَنِ أبيَنَ (^٣) إلَى رِيفِ العِراقِ فى الطّولِ، وأَمّا العَرضُ فمِن جُدَّةَ وما والاها مِن ساحِلِ البحرِ إلَى أطرافِ الشّامِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ موسَى، قال: قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى المُقرِئَ: جَزيرَةُ العَرَبِ مِن لَدُنِ القادِسيَّةِ إلَى لَدُنِ قَعرِ عَدَنَ إلَى البحرَينِ.\n\n١٨٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىًّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، قال: قُرِئَ على الحارِثِ بنِ مِسكينٍ وأَنا شاهِدٌ: أخبَرَكَ أشهَبُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ. قال: قال مالكٌ: عُمَرُ أجلَى أهلَ نَجرانَ، ولَم يُجلَوا مِن تَيماءَ لأنَّها لَيسَت مِن بلادِ العَرَبِ، فأَمّا الوادِى فإِنَّى أرَى أنَّما لا يُجلَى مَن فيها مِنَ اليَهودِ أنَّهُم لَم يَرَوها مِن أرضِ العَرَبِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِن سألَ مَن يُؤخَذُ مِنه الجِزيَةُ أن يُعطيَها\n_________\n(^١) يبرين: اسم رمل لا تدرك أطرافه عن يمين مطلع الشمس من حجر اليمامة، وسمى به قرية قرب الأحساء من ديار بنى سعد، وهو غير منصرف للعلمية والزيادة، وبعض العرب يعربه كجمع المذكر السالم على غير قياس. المصباح المنير (ب ر ن، ى ب ر).\n(^٢) السماوة: مفازة بين الكوفة والشام. وقيل: بين الموصل والشام. معجم ما استعجم ٣/ ٧٥٤.\n(^٣) عدن أبين: من بلاد اليمن، تنسب إلى رجل كان فى الزمن القديم. ينظر معجم ما استعجم ١/ ١٠٣، ٣/ ٩٢٤، والمعالم الجغرافية ص ١٥.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٦٧.\n(^٥) أبو داود عقب (٣٠٣٣).","vol":"19","page":90},{"text":"ويُجرَى عَلَيه الحُكمُ على أن يَسكُنَ الحِجازَ، لَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ له، والحِجازُ مَكَّةُ والمَدينَةُ واليَمامَةُ ومَخاليفُها كُلُّها. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ولَم أعلَمْ أحَدًا أجلَى أحَدًا مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ اليَمَنِ وقَد كانَت بها ذِمَّةٌ، ولَيسَتِ اليَمَنُ بحِجازٍ؛ فلا يُجليهِم أحَدٌ مِنَ اليَمَنِ، ولا بأسَ أن يُصالِحَهُم على مُقامِهِم باليَمَنِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد جَعَلوا اليَمَنَ مِن أرضِ العَرَبِ، والجَلاءُ وقَعَ على أهلِ نَجرانَ؛ وذِمَّةُ أهلِ الحِجازِ [دونَ ذِمَّةِ أهلِ اليَمَنِ] (^٢)؛ لأنَّها لَيسَت بحِجازٍ لا لأنَّهُم لَم يَرَوها مِن أرضِ العَرَبِ، وفِى الحديث تخصيصٌ، وفِى حَديثِ سَمُرَةَ عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ دَليلٌ أو شِبهُ دَليلٍ على مَوضِعِ الخُصوصِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٨٧٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن خَيبَرَ إلَى وادِى القُرَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى فتحِ وادِى القُرَى، قال: فأَقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بوادِى القُرَى أربَعَةَ أيّامٍ، وقَسَمَ ما أصابَ على أصحابِه بوادِى القُرَى، وتَرَكَ الأرضَ والنَّخلَ بأَيدِى يَهودَ، وعامَلَهُم عَلَيها، فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أخرَجَ يَهودَ خَيبَرَ وفَدَكٍ، ولَم يُخرجْ أهلَ تَيماءَ ووادِى القُرَى؛\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٧٧، ١٧٨.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى حاشية الأصل: \"أهل ذمة اليمن\".","vol":"19","page":91},{"text":"لأنَّهُما داخِلَتانِ فى أرضِ الشّامِ، ونَرَى أن ما دونَ وادِى القُرَى إلَى المَدينَةِ حِجازٌ، وأَنَّ ما وراءَ ذَلِكَ [مِنَ الشّامِ] (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا الكَلامُ الأخيرُ أظُنُّه مِن قَولِ الواقِدِىِّ.\n\n١٨٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا (^٢) أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، قال: سَمِعتُ أبا زَكَريّا يَحيَى ابنَ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ صالِحٍ يَعنِى النَّيسابورِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ الحُسَينِ الرّازِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ العَزيزِ بنَ يَحيَى المَدَنِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ يقولُ: جَزيرَةُ العَرَبِ المَدينَةُ ومَكَّةُ واليَمَنُ، فأَمّا مِصرُ فمِن بلادِ المَغرِبِ، والشّامُ مِن بلادِ الرُّومِ، والعِراقُ مِن بلادِ فارِسَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3957>بابٌ: الذِّمِّىُّ يَمُرُّ بالحِجازِ مارًّا لا يُقيمُ ببَلَدٍ مِنها أكثَرَ مِن ثلاثِ لَيالٍ</span>\n\n١٨٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن أسلَمَ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ضَرَبَ لِليَهودِ والنَّصارَى والمَجوسِ بالمَدينَةِ إقامَةَ [ثلاثِ لَيالٍ] (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"شام\".\nوالخبر عند المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٧٠، ٢٧١.\n(^٢) جاء هذا الحديث فى حاشية الأصل، وكتب بجواره: \"صحح فى ص، وسقط فى: خ ر، وكان عليه فى ص: لا إلى فضرب عليه وصحح\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"ثلاثة أيام\".","vol":"19","page":92},{"text":"يَتَسَوَّقونَ بها ويَقضونَ حَوائجَهُم، ولا يُقيمُ أحَدٌ مِنهُم فوقَ ثلاثِ لَيالٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3958>بابُ ما يُؤخَذُ مِنَ الذِّمِّىِّ إذا تَجَرَ (^٢) فى غَيِر بَلَدِه، والحَربِىِّ إذا دَخَلَ بلادَ الإِسلامِ بأَمانٍ</span>\n\n١٨٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَي بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: بَعَثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ على العُشورِ، فقُلتُ: تَبعَثُنِى على العُشورِ مِن بَينِ عَمَلِكَ (^٣)؟ فقالَ: ألا تَرضَى أن أُؤَهِّلَكَ (^٤) على ما جَعَلَنِى عَلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، أمَرَنِى أن آخُذَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ رُبُعَ العُشرِ، ومِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ نِصفَ العُشرِ، وممَّن لا ذِمَّةَ له العُشرَ (^٥).\n\n١٨٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ، قال: أرسَلَ إلَىَّ أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، فأَبطأتُ عَلَيه، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَىَّ فأَتَيتُه، فقالَ: إن كُنتُ لأرَى أنِّى لَو أمَرتُكَ أن تَعَضَّ على حَجَرِ كَذا وكَذا ابتِغاءَ مَرضاتِى لَفَعَلتَ، اختَرتُ لَكَ خَيرَ عَمَلٍ فكَرِهتَه، إنِّى أكتُبُ لَكَ سُنَّةَ عُمَرَ. قُلتُ: فاكتُبْ لِى سُنَّةَ عُمَرَ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (١٦٠٤). وتقدم فى (٥٥٢١).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"اتجر\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"علمك\"، وفى حاشية المطبوعة: \"ولعله: غلمتك\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"أجعلك\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٤١).","vol":"19","page":93},{"text":"فكَتَبَ: مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، ومِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِن كُلِّ عِشرينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمٌ، وممَّن لا ذِمَّةَ له مِن كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ دَراهِمَ دِرهَمٌ. قال: قُلتُ: مَن لا ذِمَّةَ له؟ قال: الرّومُ، كانوا يَقدَمونَ الشّامَ (^١).\n\n١٨٧٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ هارونَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن الهَيثَمِ، وكانَ صَيرَفيًّا بالكوفَةِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ أخِى محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: جَعَلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ على صَدَقَةِ البَصرَةِ، فقالَ لِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ: أبعَثُكَ على ما بَعَثَنِى عَلَيه عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ؟ فقُلتُ: لا أعمَلُ لَكَ حَتَّى تَكتُبَ لِى عَهدَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ الَّذِى عَهِدَ إلَيكَ. فكَتَبَ لِى أن خُذْ مِن أموالِ المُسلِمينَ رُبُعَ العُشرِ، ومِن أموالِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ إذا اختَلَفوا بها لِلتِّجارَةِ نِصفَ العُشرِ، ومِن أموالِ أهلِ الحَربِ العُشرَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كان يأخُذُ مِنَ النَّبَطِ مِنَ الحِنطَةِ والزَّيتِ نِصفَ العُشرِ؛ يُريدُ بذَلِكَ أن يَكثُرَ الحَملُ إلَى المَدينَةِ، ويأخُذُ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٥٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٣٢ من طريق معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى كتاب الآثار (٤٤١) عن أبى حنيفة به.","vol":"19","page":94},{"text":"القِطْنيَّةِ (^١) العُشرَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٠١ - قال: وأخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، أنَّه قال: كُنتُ عامِلًا مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ على سوقِ المَدينَةِ فى زَمانِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فكانَ يأخُذُ مِنَ النَّبَطِ العُشرَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، أنَّه سأَلَ ابنَ شِهابٍ: على أىِّ وجهٍ أخَذَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ مِنَ النَّبَطِ العُشرَ؟ فقالَ: كان ذَلِكَ يُؤخَذُ مِنهُم فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فأَلزَمَهُم ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ، قال: كُنتُ أُعاشِرُ\n_________\n(^١) القطنية: قال ثعلب: الحبوب التى تخرج من الأرض، سميت قطنية لأن مخارجها من الأرض مثل\nمخارج النبات القطنية. وقال شمر: القطنية: ما كان سوى الحنطة والشعير والزبيب والتمر. قال\nالأزهرى: وقال غيره: القطنية اسم جامع لهذه الحبوب التى تطبخ مثل العدس والفول واللوبياء.\nغريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٤٢)، والأم ٤/ ٢٠٥، ومالك ١/ ٢٨١، ومن طريقه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٤٣)، والأم ٤/ ٢٠٥، ومالك ١/ ٢٨١، ومن طريقه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٦٢).\n(^٤) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٨١، ومن طريقه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٦٩).","vol":"19","page":95},{"text":"مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ زَمانَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فكانَ يأخُذُ مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ أنصافَ عُشورِ أموالِهِم فيما تَجَروا فيهِ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: كَتَبَ أبو موسَى إلَى عُمَرَ -﵄-: إنَّ تُجّارَ المُسلِمينَ إذا دَخَلوا دارَ الحَربِ أخَذوا مِنهُمُ العُشرَ. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ: خُذْ مِنهُم إذا دَخَلوا إلَينا مِثلَ ذَلِكَ العُشرِ، وخُذوا مِنَ تُجّارِ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ نِصفَ العُشرِ، ومِنَ المُسلِمينَ مِن مِائَتَينِ خَمسَةً، وما زادَ فمِن كُلِّ أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا دِرهَمًا (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن مُغَلِّسٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ، عن أبى مجلَزٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى عُمَرَ فى أُناسٍ مِن أهلِ الحَربِ يَدخُلونَ أرضَنا أرضَ الإِسلامِ فيُقيمونَ. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَىَّ عُمَرُ: إن أقاموا سِتَّةَ أشهُرٍ فخُذْ مِنهُمُ العُشرَ، وإِن أقاموا سنةً فخُذْ مِنهُم نِصفَ العُشرِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، [عن خالِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ العَبسِىَّ] (^٤)، عن\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم (٢١٤)، ومن طريقه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٤٠٦.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٦٣٨).\n(^٣) يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٦٣٥).\n(^٤) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه عبد الله بن خالد، وذكر أنه كذا فى كتاب الخراج\". اهـ. وهو\nالصواب كما فى مصادر التخريج، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١٦٩.","vol":"19","page":96},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، قال: ما كُنّا نَعشُرُ مُسلِمًا ولا مُعاهَدًا. قال: قُلتُ: فمَن كُنتُم تَعشُرونَ؟ قال: تُجّارَ أهلِ الحَرب كما يَعشُرونا إذا أتَيناهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن نُصيرٍ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ السّائبِ، عن حَربِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى جَدِّه (^٢)، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ على المُسلِمينَ عُشورٌ، إنَّما العُشورُ على اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى\". قال العباسُ: هَكَذا قال أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ [عن أبى جَدِّه. كَذا فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ: عن أبيه، عن أبى جَدِّه] (^٣) (^٤). وذَكَرَها البخارىُّ فى \"التّاريخ\" دونَ ذِكرِ أبيه (^٥).\nوقَد مَضَى سائرُ طُرُقِه وذَكَرنا حَديثَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ فى ذَلِكَ فى كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٦٤٠). وعنده: \"عبد الله بن خالد العبسى عن عبد الله بن مغفل\".\nوأخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٣٦) من طريق الثورى عن عبد الله بن خالد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٠١٢٤) عن الثورى عن خالد بن عبد الرحمن بن مغفل به. وينظر حاشية المصنف.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"حمدة\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فى هذه الرواية عن أبيه عن أبى حمدة\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٨٧٤١).\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٦٠.\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٧٥٧١).","vol":"19","page":97},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3959>بابٌ: لا يُؤخَذُ مِنهُم ذَلِكَ فى السَّنَةِ إلَّا مَرَّةً واحِدَةً إلَّا أن يَقَعَ الصُّلحُ على أكثَرَ مِنها</span>\n\n١٨٨٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ قال: كُنتُ أعشُرُ بَنِى تَغلِبَ كُلَّما أقبَلوا وأَدبَروا، فانطَلَقَ شَيخٌ مِنهُم إلَى عُمَرَ، فقالَ: إنَّ زيادًا يَعشُرُنا كُلَّما أقبَلنا وأَدبَرنا. فقالَ: تُكفَى ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ أتاه الشيخُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ وعُمَرُ فى جَماعَةٍ، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أنا الشيخُ النَّصرانِىُّ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: وأَنا الشيخُ الحَنيفُ، قَد كُفيتَ. قال: وكَتَبَ إلَىَّ ألَّا تَعشُرَهُم فى السَّنَةِ إلَّا مَرَّةً (^١).\n\n١٨٨٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن رُزَيقِ بنِ حَيّانَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَيه: ومَن مَرَّ بكَ مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ فخُذْ [مِمّا يُديرونَ مِنَ التِّجاراتِ] (^٢) مِن أموالِهِم مِن كُلِّ عِشرينَ دينارًا دينارًا، فما نَقَصَ فبِحِسابِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ عَشرَةَ دَنانيرَ فإِن نَقَصَتْ ثُلُثَ دينارٍ فدَعْها ولا تأخُذْ مِنها شَيئًا، واكتُبْ لَهُم بما تأخُذُ مِنهُم كِتابًا إلَى مِثلِه مِنَ الحَولِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٢١١).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (٤/ ٤ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ١/ ٢٥٥، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٢/ ٤٦، ٧/ ٢٤٥، وأبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٦٦٣)، وابن زنجويه فى الأموال (١٦٦٧).","vol":"19","page":98},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3960>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ ألَّا تُقتَلَ الرُّسُلُ</span>\n\n١٨٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ العُطارِدِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، قال: فحَدَّثَنِى سَعدُ بنُ طارِقٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ نُعَيمِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ جاءَه رسولا مُسَيلِمَةَ الكَذّابِ بكِتابِه، ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لَهُما: \"وأَنتُما تَقولانِ مِثلَما يقولُ؟ \". فقالا: نَعَم. فقالَ: \"أما واللهِ لَولا أن الرُّسُلَ لا تُقتَلُ لَضَرَبتُ أعناقَكُما\" (^١).\n\n١٨٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، أنَّه أتَى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: ما بَينِى وبَينَ أحَدٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ حِنَةٌ (^٢)، وإِنِّى مَرَرتُ بمَسجِدٍ لِبَنِى حَنيفَةَ فإِذا هُم يُؤمِنونَ بمُسَيلِمَةَ. فأَرسَلَ إلَيهِم عبدُ اللهِ، فجِئَ بهِم، فاستَتابَهُم غَيرَ ابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ، قال له: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَولا أنَّكَ رسولٌ لَضَرَبتُ عُنُقَكَ\". فأَنتَ اليَومَ لَستَ برسولٍ. فأَمَرَ قَرَظَةَ بنَ كَعبٍ فضَرَبَ عُنُقَه فى السُّوقِ، ثُمَّ قال: مَن أرادَ أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٣٣٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٨٩)، وأبو داود (٢٧٦١) من طريق ابن إسحاق به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٩٩).\n(^٢) الحنة: الحقد. التاج ٣٤/ ١٥٨ (أ ح ن).","vol":"19","page":99},{"text":"يَنظُرَ إلَى ابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ قَتيلًا بالسّوقِ (^١).\n\n١٨٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لابنِ النَّوّاحَةِ: \"لَولا أنَّكَ رسولٌ لَقَتَلتُكَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ ألَّا تُقتَلَ الرُّسُلُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3961>بابُ الحَربِىِّ إذا لَجأ إلَى الحَرَمِ، وكَذَلِكَ مَن وجَبَ عَلَيه حَدٌّ</span>\n\n١٨٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، قال: قُلتُ لمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ ابنُ شِهابٍ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عامَ الفَتحِ وعَلَى رأسِه مِغفَرٌ، فلَمّا نَزَعَه جاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ابنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلَّقٌ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٦٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٨٧٩) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (٣٦٤٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٧٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق به. وتقدم فى (١١٥٢٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٠٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٥٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٧٦)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٨) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى فى مجمع الزوائد ٥/ ٣١٤: رواه أحمد والبزار وأبو يعلى وإسنادهم حسن.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع - كما فى إتحاف الخيرة المهرة ٥/ ١٣٩ (٤٣٩٤) من طريق المسعودى وبه.","vol":"19","page":100},{"text":"بأَستارِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ: \"اقتُلوه\". قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨١٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ العَدلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ القَنّادُ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، قال: لما كان يَومُ فتحِ مَكَّةَ أمَّنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ إلَّا أربَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وامرأَتَينِ، وقالَ: \"اقتُلوهُم وإِن وجَدتُموهُم مُتَعَلِّقينَ بأَستارِ الكَعبَةِ\". عِكرِمَةُ بنُ أبى جَهلٍ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ خَطَلٍ، ومِقيَسُ بنُ صُبابَةَ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبى سَرحٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربِ بنِ محمدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ المخزومِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"أربَعَةٌ لا أُؤَمِّنُهُم فى حِلٍّ ولا حَرَمٍ؛ الحوَيرِثُ بنُ نُقَيدٍ (^٤)، ومِقيَسٌ، وهِلالُ بنُ خَطَلٍ، وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى سَرحٍ\". فأَمّا الحوَيرِثُ فقَتَلَه علىٌّ، وأَمّا مِقيَسٌ فقَتَلَه ابنُ عَمٍّ له لَحًّا، وأَمّا هِلالُ بنُ خَطَلٍ فقَتَلَه الزُّبَيرُ، وأَمّا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى سَرحٍ فاستأمَنَ له عثمانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٩٢٩، ١٢٩٨٣، ١٣٥٠٣، ١٦٩٦١).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٥٧/ ٤٥٠)، والبخارى (٣٠٤٤).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٤، وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٦٩٤٦، ١٦٩٦٢).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"معبد\". وينظر الإصابة ٢/ ١٦٦، ٢٧٦ (ترجمة ولده جبير).","vol":"19","page":101},{"text":"عَفّانَ -وكانَ أخاه مِنَ الرَّضاعَةِ- وقَينَتَينِ كانَتا لِمِقيَسٍ تُغَنّيانِ بهِجاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قُتِلَت إحداهُما، وأَفلَتَتِ الأُخرَى فأَسلَمَت (^١).\n\n١٨٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى شُرَيحٍ العَدَوِىِّ، أنَّه قال لِعَمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ وهو يَبعَثُ البُعوثَ إلَى مَكَّةَ: ائذَنْ لِى أيُّها الأميرُ أُحَدِّثْكَ قَولًا قامَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الغَدَ مِن يَومِ الفَتحِ، سَمِعَته أُذُناىَ، ووَعاه قَلبِى، وأَبصَرَته عَيناىَ، حينَ تَكَلَّمَ به، حَمِدَ اللهَ، وأَثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَها اللهُ ولَم يُحَرِّمْها النّاسُ؛ فلا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ يُؤمِنُ باللهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ أن يَسفِكَ فيها دَمًا، ولا يَعضِدَ بها شَجَرَةً؛ فإِن أحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ لِقِتالِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقولوا: إنَّ اللهَ قَد أذِنَ لِرسولِهِ ولَم يأذَنْ لَكُم. وإِنَّما أذِنَ لِى ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ، وقَد عادَت حُرمَتُها اليَومَ كَحُرمَتِها بالأمسِ، وليُبَلِّغِ الشّاهِدُ الغائبَ\". فقيلَ لأبِى شُرَيحٍ: ما قال لَكَ عمرٌو؟ فقالَ: قال عمرٌو: أنا أعلمُ بذَلِكَ مِنكَ يا أبا شُرَيحٍ، إنَّ الحَرَمَ لا يُعيذُ عاصيًا، ولا فارًّا بدَمٍ، ولا فارًّا بخَرْبَةٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٣٠١، ٤/ ١٦٨. وتقدم فى (١٨٣٢٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٥٠٤). والخربة: البلية، أو الفساد فى الدين. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٣١.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٨٣٢)، ومسلم (١٣٥٤/ ٤٤٦).","vol":"19","page":102},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ، قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: إنَّما مَعنَى ذَلِكَ، واللهُ أعلمُ، أنَّها لَم تَحلِلْ أن يُنصبَ عَلَيها الحَربُ حَتَّى تَكونَ كَغَيرِها؛ فقَد أمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عِندَما قُتِلَ عاصِمُ ابنُ ثابِتٍ وخُبَيبٌ، بقَتلِ أبى سُفيانَ فى دارٍ بمَكَّةَ غِيلَةً إن قُدِرَ عَلَيه، وهَذا فى الوَقتِ الَّذِى كانَت فيه مُحَرَّمَةً، فدَلَّ على أنَّها لا تَمنَعُ أحَدًا مِن شَئٍ وجَبَ عَلَيه، وأنَّها إنَّما تُمنَعُ (^١) مِن أن يُنصَبَ عَلَيها الحَربُ كما يُنصَبُ على غَيرِها (^٢).\n\n١٨٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الجَهْمِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، قال الواقِدِىُّ: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ أبى عَونٍ، وزادَ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فى بَعَثِ أبى سُفيانَ مَن يَقتُلُ محمدًا -ﷺ- غِيلَةً، وأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى أطلَعَ عَلَيه نَبيَّه، وأَسلَمَ الرَّجُلُ، قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَمرِو بنِ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىِّ، وسَلَمَةَ بنِ أسلَمَ بنِ حَريشٍ: \"اخرُجا حَتَّى تأتيا أبا سُفيانَ ابنَ حَربٍ، فإِن أصَبتُما مِنه غِرَّةً فافتُلاه\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فى رُؤيَةِ مُعاويَةَ عمرًا، وإِخبارِه أباه بذَلِكَ، وأَنَّ عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ وسَلَمَةَ بنَ أسلَمَ أسنَدا فى الجَبَلِ، وتَغَيَّبا فى غارٍ، ثُمَّ إنَّ عمرَو بنَ أُمَيَّةَ خَرَجَ فقَتَلَ عُبَيدَ اللهِ بنَ مالكٍ ابنَ أخِى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يمنع\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٤٧)، والأم ٤/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"19","page":103},{"text":"طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، وجاءَ إلَى خُبَيبِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ وهو مَصلوبٌ، فأَنزَلَه وأَهالَ عَلَيه التُّرابَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رُجوعَهُما مُنفَرِدَينِ إلَى المَدينَةِ (^١).\n\n١٨٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ [عُبَيدِ اللهِ] (^٢) بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ مالكِ ابنِ بَرصاءَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"لا تُغزَى بَعدَهما إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا معمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، قال: مَن قَتَلَ أو سَرَقَ فى الحِلِّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الحَرَمَ؛ فإِنَّه لا يُجالَسُ، ولا يُكَلَّمُ، ولا يُؤوَى (^٤)، ويُناشَدُ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ، فإِذا خَرَجَ أُقيمَ عَلَيه ما أصابَ، فإِن قَتَلَ أو سَرَقَ فى الحِلِّ ثُمَّ أُدخِلَ الحَرَمَ فأَرادوا أن يُقيموا عَلَيه ما أصابَ أخرَجوه مِنَ الحَرَمِ إلَى الحِلِّ، وإِن قَتَلَ أو سَرَقَ فى الحَرَمِ أُقيمَ عَلَيه فى الحَرَمِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٣٣ - ٣٣٧. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٧٨١: إسناده منقطع، والواقدى هالك.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عبد الله\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٥٠، ٥١.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٠٤)، والترمذى (١٦١١) من طريق زكريا به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) فى م: \"يؤذى\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (٩٢٢٦، ١٧٣٠٦).","vol":"19","page":104},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا رأىٌ مِنِ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، وقَد تَرَكناه بالظَّواهِرِ التى ورَدَت فى إقامَةِ الحُدودِ دونَ تَخصيصِ الحَرَمِ بتَركِها فيه مِن صاحِبِ الشَّريعَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3962>بابُ ما جاءَ فى هَدايا المُشرِكيَن لِلإِمامِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن أُكَيدِرَ دُومَةَ أهدَى إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- جُبَّةً فلَبِسَها (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"، فقالَ: وقالَ سعيدٌ: عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عارِمٌ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا المعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبى، عن أبى عثمانَ، قال: حَدَّثَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ -﵄-، قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثَلاثينَ ومِائَةً، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل مَعَ أحَدٍ مِنكُم طَعامٌ؟ \". فإِذا مَعَ رَجُلٍ صاعٌ مِن طَعامٍ أو نَحوُه، فعُجِنَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ رَجُلٌ مُشرِكٌ مُشْعانٌّ (^٣) طَويلٌ بغَنَمٍ يَسوقُها، قال: \"أبَيعٌ أو عَطيَّةٌ؟ - أو قال: أم هِبَةٌ؟ \". فقالَ: بَل بَيعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٦١٧٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦١٦).\n(^٣) مشعان: شعره ثائر متفرق، أو طويل جدًّا، بعيد العهد بالدهن. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٥.","vol":"19","page":105},{"text":"قال: فاشتَرَى مِنها شاةً فصُنِعَت، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَوادِ البَطنِ (^١) أن يُشوَى، وايْمُ اللهِ ما مِنَ الثَّلاثينَ والمائَةِ إلَّا قَد حَزَّ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حُزَّةً مِن سَوادِ بَطنِها، إن كان شاهِدًا أعطاه، وإِن كان غائبًا خَبَأَ له. قال: وجَعَلَ مِنها قَصعَتَينِ. قال: فأَكَلنا أجمَعونَ وشَبِعنا، وفَضَلَ فى القَصعَتَينِ فحَمَلناه على البَعيرِ. أو كما قالَ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ ابنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى الأنصارِىِّ، عن العباسِ السّاعِدِىِّ، عن أبى حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِىَّ قال: سافَرتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى تَبوكَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: وأَهدَى مَلِكُ الأيلَةِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَغلَةً بَيضاءَ فكَساه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بُردَةً، وكَتَبَ له ببَحرِهِم (^٤). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سَهلِ بنِ بَكّارٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) سواد البطن: الكبد، أو القلب وما فيه والرئتان وما فيهما. الفائق ٢/ ٢٤٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٣، ١٧١١) عن عارم به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢١٦، ٢٦١٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٥٦/ ١٧٥).\n(^٤) البحرة: البلدة، تقول العرب: هذه بحرتنا. أى: بلدتنا. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٧٩) عن سهل بن بكار به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٠٤)، وابن خزيمة (٢٣١٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٠٣، ٦٥٠١) من طرق عن وهيب به، وليس عند ابن خزيمة موضع الشاهد. وتقدم طرف الحديث فى (٧٥١١).\n(^٦) البخارى (١٤٨١، ٣١٦١)، ومسلم ٤/ ١٧٨٥ (١٣٩٢/ ١٢).","vol":"19","page":106},{"text":"١٨٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، عن زَيدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سَلَّامٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ الهَوزَنِىُّ، قال: لَقيتُ بلالًا مُؤَذِّنَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقُلتُ: يا بلالُ، حَدِّثْنى كيفَ كانَت نَفَقَةُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: فإِذا إنسانٌ يَسعَى يَدعو: يا بلالُ، أجِبْ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فانطَلَقتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُه، فإِذا أربَعُ رَكائبَ مُناخاتٍ عَلَيهِنَّ أحمالُهُنَّ، فاستأذَنتُ، فقالَ لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبشِرْ، فقَد جاءَكَ اللهُ بقَضائكَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"ألَم تَرَ إلَى الرَّكائبِ المُناخاتِ الأربَعِ؟ \". فقُلتُ: بَلَى. فقالَ: \"إنَّ لَكَ رِقابَهُنَّ وما عَلَيهِنَّ؛ فإِنَّ عَلَيهِنَّ كِسوَةً وطَعامًا أهداهُنَّ إلَىَّ عَظيمُ فدَكٍ، فاقبِضْهُنَّ واقضِ دَينَكَ\". ففَعَلتُ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن ثُوَيرِ بنِ أبى فاخِتَةَ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ قال: أهدَى كِسرَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَبِلَ مِنه، وأَهدَى قَيصَرُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَبِلَ مِنه، وأَهدَتْ له المُلوكُ فقَبِلَ مِنهُم (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٥٥). وأخرجه الطبرانى (١١١٩) من طريق أبى توبة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٢٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٧، ١٢٣٥) عن يزيد به. والترمذى (١٥٧٦) من طريق إسرائيل به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٧٨٢: ثوير واهٍ.","vol":"19","page":107},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى القَديمِ: قَد أهدَى أبو سُفيانَ ابنُ حَربٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أدَمًا فقَبِلَ مِنه، وأَهدَى إلَيه صاحِبُ الإِسكَندَريَّةِ ماريَةَ أُمَّ إبراهيمَ فقَبِلَها، وغَيرُهُما قَد أهدَى إلَيه، ولَم يَجعَلْ ذَلِكَ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ، قال: أهدَيتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ناقَةً أو هَديَّةً. فقالَ: \"أسلَمتَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"إنِّى نُهيتُ عن زَبْدِ (^٢) المُشرِكينَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو التَّيّاحِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ، قال: أهدَيتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- هَديَّةً. أو قال: ناقَةً. فقالَ لِى: \"أسلَمتَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. فأَبَى أن يَقبَلَها، وقال: \"إنّا لا نَقبَلُ زَبْدَ المُشرِكينَ\". قُلتُ لِلحَسَنِ: ما زَبدَ المُشرِكينَ؟ قال: رِفدُهُم (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: يَحتَمِلُ ردُّه هَديَّتَه التَّحريمَ، ويَحتَمِلُ التَّنزيهَ، وقَد يَغيظُه برَدِّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة ٧/ ١٣٩.\n(^٢) الزبد: العطاء. معالم السنن ٣/ ٤١. وينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٢.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١١٧٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٠٥٧)، والترمذى (١٥٧٧). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٦٣٠).\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١١٧٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٥٦٧)، وابن زنجويه فى الأموال (٩٦٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وأحمد (١٧٤٨٢) من طريق الحسن به.","vol":"19","page":108},{"text":"هَديَّتِه، فيَحمِلُه ذَلِكَ على الإسلامِ، والأخبارُ فى قَبولِه (^١) هَداياهُم أصَحُّ وأَكثَرُ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3963>بابٌ: نَصارَى العَرَبِ تُضَعَّفُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ</span>\n\n١٨٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن السَّفّاحِ، عن داودَ ابنِ كُرْدُوسٍ قال: صالَحَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ بَنِى تَغلِبَ على أن يُضاعِفَ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، ولا يَمنَعوا أحَدًا مِنهُم أن يُسلِمَ، وألَّا يَغمِسوا أولادَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن السَّفّاحِ، عن داودَ بنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عن عُمَرَ أنَّه صالَحَ بَنِى تَغلِبَ على ألَّا يَصبَغوا (^٣) فى دينِهِم صَبيًّا، وعَلَى أن عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ مُضاعَفَةً، وعَلَى ألَّا يُكرَهوا على دينٍ غَيرِ دينِهِم. فكانَ داودُ يقولُ: ما لِبَنِى تَغلِبَ ذِمَّةٌ، قَد صَبَغوا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"قبول\".\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٢٠٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٧٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق الشيبانى به. ومعنى \"ألا يغمسوا أولادهم\" أى فى ماء المعمودية، الذى يغمسون فيه من ولد منهم ويزعمون أنهم يطهرونهم بذلك. المغرب فى ترتيب المعرب ٤/ ١٨، وفتح البارى ٨/ ١٦١.\n(^٣) الصبغ: الغمس. التاج ٢٢/ ٥٢٢ (ص ب غ).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٦١)، ويحيى بن آدم فى الخراج (٢٠٨). وأخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (٧٠، ١٦٩٥) عن أبى معاوية به.","vol":"19","page":109},{"text":"١٨٨٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ حَربٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن السَّفّاحِ، عن داودَ ابنِ كُرْدُوسٍ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ التَّغلِبِىِّ، أنَّه قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ بَنِى تَغلِبَ مَن قَد عَلِمتَ شَوكَتَهُم، وإِنَّهُم بإِزاءِ العَدوِّ؛ فإِن ظاهَروا عَلَيكَ العَدوَّ اشتَدَّت مُؤنَتُهُم، فإِن رأيتَ أن تُعطيَهُم شَيئًا. قال: فأَفعَلُ. قال: فصالَحَهُم على ألَّا يَغمِسوا أحَدًا مِن أولادِهِم فى النَّصرانيَّةِ، وتُضاعَفُ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةُ. قال: وكانَ عُبادَةُ يقولُ: قَد فعَلوا فلا عَهدَ لَهُم (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ عَقِيبَ هذا الحديثِ: وهَكَذا حَفِظَ أهلُ المَغازِى وساقوه أحسَنَ مِن هذا السّياقِ، فقالوا: رامَهُم على الجِزيَةِ، فقالوا: نَحنُ عَرَبٌ لا نُؤَدِّى ما يُؤَدِّى العَجَمُ، ولَكِن خُذْ مِنّا كما يأخُذُ بَعضُكُم مِن بَعضٍ. يَعنونَ الصَّدَقَةَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: لا، هذا فرضٌ على المُسلِمينَ. فقالوا: فزِدْ ما شِئتَ بهَذا الاسمِ لا باسمِ الجِزيَةِ. ففَعَلَ، فتَراضَى هو وهُم على أن ضَعَّفَ عَلَيهِمُ الصَّدَقَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3964>بابُ ما جاءَ فى ذَبائحِ نَصارَى بَنِى تَغلِبَ</span>\n\n١٨٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٧٦٧)، ويحيى آدم فى الخراج (٢٠٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٦٢)، والأم ٤/ ٢٨١، ٢٨٢.","vol":"19","page":110},{"text":"محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سَعدٍ الجارِىِّ (^١) أو عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: ما نَصارَى العَرَبِ بأَهلِ كِتابِ، وما يَحِلُّ لَنا ذَبائحُهُم، وما أنا بتارِكِهِم حَتَّى يُسلِموا أو أضرِبَ أعناقَهُم (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِنَّما تَرَكْنا أن نُجبِرَهُم على الإِسلامِ أو نَضرِبَ أعناقَهُم؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أخَذَ الجِزيَةَ مِن نَصارَى العَرَبِ، وأَنَّ عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ وعَليًّا -﵃- قَد أقَرّوهُم، وإِن كان عُمَرُ قَد قال هذا، [وكَذَلِكَ] (^٣) لا يَحِلُّ لَنا نِكاحُ نِسائهِم؛ لأنَّ اللهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه إنَّما أحَلَّ لَنا مِن أهلِ الكِتاب الَّذِى عَلَيهِم نُزِّلَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ السَّهْمِىُّ (^٥)، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ، قال: سألتُ عَليًّا عن ذَبائحِ نَصارَى بَنِى تَغلِبَ، فقالَ: لا تأكُلوه، فإِنَّهُم لَم يَتَعَلَّقوا مِن دينِهِم بشَئٍ إلَّا بشُربِ الخَمرِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، والمعرفة للمصنف: \"الحارثى\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٠٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٤١٧٣، ٥٥٥٣). والأم ٢/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"لذلك\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٥) كذا فى النسخ، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وهو عثمان بن عمر بن فارس أبو محمد العبدى البصرى. سمع هشام بن حسان، روى عنه الحسن بن مكرم. ينظر تهذيب الكحال ١٩/ ٤٦١، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٥٥٧.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٣٥٧، ٣٥٨ - مسند على) من طريق هشام به. وعبد الرزاق =","vol":"19","page":111},{"text":"١٨٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُهاجِرِ البَجَلِىِّ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ الأسَدِىِّ، قال: قال علىٌّ: لَئن بَقيتُ لِنَصارَى بَنِى تَغلِبَ لأقتُلَنَّ المُقاتِلَةَ ولأسبيَنَّ الذُّرّيَّةَ، فإِنِّى كَتَبتُ الكِتابَ بَينَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وبَينَهُم على ألا يُنَصِّروا أبناءَهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ موسَى الحاسِبُ، حدثنا جُبارَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ بَهرامَ، حَدَّثَنِى شَهرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-، قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَبيحَةِ نَصارَى العَرَبِ (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- بخِلافِهِ.\n\n١٨٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵁- أنَّه سُئلَ عن ذَبائحِ نَصارَى\n_________\n= (٧٥٨٠، ١٠٠٣٤) من طريق أيوب عن ابن سيرين به.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٠٤٠)، وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار ص ٢٢٣ (٢٨ - مسند على) من طريق أبى نعيم النخعى به. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٧٨٤: إبراهيم صدوق؛ حديثه حسن. وضعف الألبانى الحديث فى ضعيف أبى داود (٦٥٧).\n(^٢) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٩٥٧. وأخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٣٤٦٠) من طريق عبد الحميد به.","vol":"19","page":112},{"text":"العَرَبِ، فقالَ: لا بأسَ بها. وتَلا هذه الآيَةَ ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾ (^١) [المائدة: ٥١].\n\n١٨٨٣٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ (^٢)، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ خِداشٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ، عن ثَورِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، قال: والَّذِى يُروَى مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ فى إحلالِ ذَبائحِهِم إنَّما هو مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ، أخبَرَنيه ابنُ الدَّراوَردِىِّ وابنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن ثَورٍ الدِّيلِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّه سُئلَ عن ذَبائحِ نَصارَى العَرَبِ، فقالَ قَولًا حَكَياه هو إحلالُها وتَلا: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ﴾. ولَكِنَّ صاحِبَنا سَكَتَ عن اسمِ عِكرِمَةَ، وثَورٌ لَم يَلقَ ابنَ عباسٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَعنِى بصاحِبِنا مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ لَم يَذكُرْ عِكرِمَةَ فى أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عنه، وكأَنَّه كان لا يَرَى أن يُحتَجَّ به، وثَورٌ الدّيلِىُّ إنَّما رَواه عنه\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٢/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٩، ومن طريقه المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٥٦).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الجزار\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٥٨).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٥٧)، والأم ٤/ ٢٨١.","vol":"19","page":113},{"text":"عن ابنِ عباسٍ، فلا يَنبَغِى أن يُحتَجَّ به، واللهُ أعلمُ، كَذا قال ابنُ عباسٍ فيما رَوَى عنه عِكرِمَةُ، ونَحنُ إنَّما رَغِبنا عنه لِقَولِ عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵄-.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3965>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَعشيرِ أموالِ بَنِى تَغلِبَ إذا اختَلَفوا بالتِّجارَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ حُدَيرٍ، قال: بَعَثَنِى عُمَرُ إلَى نَصارَى بَنِى تَغلِبَ، وأَمَرَنِى أن آخُذَ مِنهُم نِصفَ عُشرِ أموالِهِم، ونَهانِى أن أَعْشُرَ مُسلِمًا، أو ذا ذِمَّةٍ يُؤَدِّى الخَراجَ.\nقال: يَعنِى فيما أظُنُّ بقَولِه: مُسلِمًا. يقولُ: مَن أسلَمَ مِنهُم؛ لأنَّه إنَّما أُرسِلَ إلَى نَصارَى بَنِى تَغلِبَ. وقَولُهُ: أو ذا ذِمَّةٍ يُؤَدِّى الخَراجَ. يقولُ: إنَّ أهلَ الذِّمَّةِ لا يُعرَضُ لَهُم فى مَواشيهِم، ولا فى عُشرِ زُروعِهِم وثِمارِهِم، إلَّا بَنِى تَغلِبَ؛ لأنَّهُم صولِحوا على ذَلِكَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ فى صُلحِ أولَئكَ الَّذينَ كانوا فى وِلايَتِه مِن أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ تَعشيرُ أموالِهِمُ التى يَتَّجِرونَ بها.\n\n١٨٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن زيادِ ابنِ حُدَيرٍ، قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ عُمَرُ ألَّا تَعشُرَ بَنِى تَغلِبَ فى السَّنَةِ إلَّا مَرَّةً (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) يحيى بن آدم (٢٠٢). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٠٦٧٥) عن شريك به.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم (٢١٢).","vol":"19","page":114},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3966>بابُ المُهادَنَةِ على النَّظَرِ لِلمُسلِميَن</span>\n\n١٨٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ قال الزُّهرِىُّ: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، يُصَدِّقُ حَديثُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما صاحِبَه، قالا: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ فى بضعَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةً مِن أصحابِه، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ قَلَّدَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الهَدىَ وأَشعَرَه، وأَحرَمَ بالعُمرَةِ، وبَعَثَ بَينَ يَدَيه عَينًا له مِن خُزاعَةَ يُخبِرُه عن قُرَيشٍ، وسارَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى إذا كان بغَدِيرِ (^١) الأشطاطِ قَريبٍ مِن عُسفانَ أتاه عَينُه الخُزاعِىُّ، فقالَ: إنِّى تَرَكتُ كَعبَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ وعامِرَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ قَد جَمَعوا لَكَ الأحابِشَ. قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ: قَد جَمَعوا لَكَ الأحابيشَ. وجَمَعوا لَكَ جُموعًا، وإِنَّهُم مُقاتِلوكَ وصادّوكَ عن البَيتِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أشيروا علىَّ، أتَرَونَ أن نَميلَ إلَى ذَرارِىِّ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ أعانوهُم فنُصيبَهُم؛ فإِن قَعَدوا قَعَدوا مَوتورينَ (^٢) مَحزونينَ، وإِن نَجَوا تَكُنْ عُنُقًا قَطَعَها اللهُ؟ أو تَرَونَ أن نَؤُمَّ البَيتَ فمَن صَدَّنا عنه قاتَلناه؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، إنَّما جِئنا مُعتَمِرينَ ولَم نَجِئْ نُقاتِلُ أحَدًا، ولَكِن مَن\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"خ ر\"، وفى الحاشية: \"بوادى: صح\". وغدير الأشطاط: موضع قرب\nعسفان. معجم البلدان ١/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) الموتور: من قتل له قتيل فلم يُدرِك بدمه. التاج ١٤/ ٣٤٤ (وت ر).","vol":"19","page":115},{"text":"حال بَينَنا وبَينَ البَيتِ قاتَلناه. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فروحوا إذن\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ: وكانَ أبو هريرةَ يقولُ: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا قَطُّ كان أكثَرَ مَشورَةً لأصحابِه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال الزُّهرِىُّ فى حَديثِ المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ: فراحوا حَتَّى إذا كان ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ بالغَميمِ فى خَيلٍ لِقُرَيشٍ طَليعَةً، فخُذوا ذاتَ اليَمينِ\". فواللهِ ما شَعَرَ بهِم خالِدٌ حَتَّى إذا هو بغَبَرَةِ الجَيشِ، فانطَلَقَ يَركُضُ نَذيرًا لِقُرَيشٍ، وسارَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى إذا كان بالثَّنيَّةِ التى يُهبَطُ عَلَيهِم مِنها، بَرَكَت به راحِلَتُه، فقالَ النّاسُ: حَلْ حَلْ (^١). فأَلَحَّت (^٢)، فقالوا: خَلأتِ القَصواءُ، خَلأتِ القَصواءُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما خَلأتِ القَصواءُ (^٣)، وما ذاكَ لَها بخُلُقٍ؛ ولَكِن حَبَسَها حابِسُ الفيلِ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لا يَسأَلونِى خُطَّةً يُعَظِّمونَ فيها حُرُماتِ اللهِ إلَّا أعطَيتُهُم إيّاها\". ثُمَّ زَجَرَها فوَثَبَتْ به. قال: فعَدَلَ عَنها حَتَّى نَزَلَ بأَقصَى الحُدَيبيَةِ على ثَمَدٍ (^٤) قَليلِ الماءِ، إنَّما يَتَبَرَّضُه النّاسُ تبَرُّضًا (^٥)، فلَم\n_________\n(^١) حَلْ حَلْ: كلمة معناها الزجر، يقال فى زجر البعير: حَلْ بالتخفيف. ويقال: حلحلت الإبل. إذا\nزجرتها لتنبعث. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٢) ألحت: لزمت المكان فلم تنبعث، ويقال: تلحلح بالمكان. إذا لزمه فلم يبرح، وتحلحل عنه إذا زال وفارقه. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٣) خلأت الناقة خلاءً: إذا حَرَنت، وذلك إذا وقفت ولم تتحرك وإن ضربت. ينظر غريب الحديث\nللحربى ٢/ ٤٤٦.\n(^٤) الثمد: الماء القليل. ويقال: ماء مثمود. إذا كثرت عليه الشفاه حتى يفنى وينزف. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٥) أى: يتتبعه الناس قليلًا قليلًا، والتبرض: جمع القليل منه بعد القليل، والبرض: قليل الماء. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٥.","vol":"19","page":116},{"text":"يُلَبِّثْه النّاسُ أن نَزَحوه، فشُكِىَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- العَطَشُ، فانتَزَعَ سَهمًا مِن كِنانَتِه، ثُمَّ أمَرَهُم أن يَجعَلوه فيه. قال: فواللهِ ما زالَ يَجيشُ (^١) لَهُم بالرِّىِّ حَتَّى صَدَروا عنه. قال: فبَينا هُم كَذَلِكَ إذ جاءَ بُدَيلُ بنُ وَرقاءَ الخُزاعِىُّ فى نَفَرٍ مِن قَومِه، وكانوا عَيبَةَ نُصحِ (^٢) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن أهلِ تِهامَةَ، فقالَ: إنِّى تَرَكتُ كَعبَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ وعامِرَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ -قال أحمدُ: حَدَّثَناه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وقالَ: إنِّى تَرَكتُ كَعبَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ وعامِرَ بنَ لُؤَىٍّ- نَزَلوا أعدادَ مياهِ (^٣) الحُدَيبيَةِ مَعَهُمُ العُوذُ المَطافِيلُ (^٤)، وهُم مُقاتِلوكَ وصادّوكَ عن البَيتِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا لَم نَجِئْ لِقِتالِ أحَدٍ (^٥) ولَكِنّا جِئنا مُعتَمِرينَ، وإِنَّ قُرَيشًا قَد نَهِكَتهُمُ الحَربُ وأَضَرَّت بهِم، فإِن شاءوا مادَدتُهُم مُدَّةً ويُخَلّوا بَينِى وبَينَ النّاسِ؛ فإِن أظهَرْ، فإِن شاءوا أن يَدخُلوا فيما دَخَلَ فيه النّاسُ فعَلوا، وإِلَّا فقَد جَمّوا، وإِن أبَوا فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لأُقاتِلَنَّهُم على أمرِى هذا حَتَّى تَنفَرِدَ سالِفَتِى (^٦) أو ليُنْفِذَنَّ اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) يجيش: يفور. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٦٧.\n(^٢) يريد أنه موضع سر رسول الله -ﷺ- والثقة الذى يستنصحه ويأتمنه على أمره، وذلك أن الرجل يودع عيبته حُرَّ المتاع ومصون الثياب ونحو ذلك، فوقع التشبيه له بالعيبة من أجل ذلك. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٢٨.\n(^٣) العد بكسر العين: الماء المجتمع المَعين، وجمعه أعداد. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦٩.\n(^٤) العوذ: جمع عائذ وهى الناقة إذا وضعت وبعدما تضع أياما حتى يقوى ولدها. والمطافيل: جمع مطفل وهى الناقة معها فصيلها. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٣٤. وينظر فتح البارى ٥/ ٣٣٨.\n(^٥) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٦) تنفرد سالفتى: تنقطع عنقى وتنفرد عن رأسى، والسالفة: أعلى العنق. وقيل: السالفتان جانبا =","vol":"19","page":117},{"text":"أمرَه\". قال بُدَيلٌ: سأُبَلِّغُهُم ما تَقولُ. فانطَلَقَ حَتَّى أتَى قُرَيشًا، فقالَ: إنّا قَد جِئناكُم مِن عِندِ هذا الرَّجُلِ، وسَمِعناه يقولُ قَولًا، فإِن شِئتُم نَعرِضُه عَلَيكُم. فقالَ سُفَهاؤُهُم: لا حاجَةَ لَنا فى أن تُحَدِّثَنا عنه بشَئٍ. وقالَ ذَوُو الرّأىِ مِنهُم: هاتِ ما سَمِعتَه. يقولُ: قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ كَذا وكَذا. فحَدَّثَهُم بما قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فقامَ عُروَةُ بنُ مَسعودٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، فقالَ: أى قَومِ، ألَستُم بالوالِدِ؟ قالوا بَلَى. قال: أوَلَستُ بالوَلَدِ؟ قالوا: بَلَى. قال: فهَل تَتَّهِمونِى؟ قالوا: لا. قال: ألَستُم تَعلَمونَ أنِّى استَنفَرتُ أهلَ عُكاظٍ فلَمّا جَمَحوا علىَّ جِئتُكُم بأَهلِى ووَلَدِى ومَن أطاعَنِى؟ قالوا: بَلَى. قال: فإِنَّ هذا قَد عَرَضَ عَلَيكُم خُطَّةَ رُشدٍ فاقبَلوها، ودَعونِى آتِه. فقالوا: ائتِه. فأَتاه فجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-. فقالَ له نَحوًا مِن قَولِه لِبُدَيلٍ. فقالَ عُروَةُ عِندَ ذَلِكَ: أى محمدُ، أرأيتَ إنِ استأصَلتَ قَومَكَ؟ هَل سَمِعتَ بأَحَدٍ مِنَ العَرَبِ اجتاحَ أصلَه قَبلَكَ؟ وإِن تَكُنِ الأُخرَى فواللهِ إنِّى لأرَى وُجوهًا وأَرَى أوشابًا (^١) مِنَ النّاسِ خُلَقاءَ أن يَفِرّوا ويَدَعوكَ. فقالَ له أبو بكرٍ: امْصُصْ بَظْرَ اللَّاتِ (^٢)، أنَحنُ نَفِرُّ عنه ونَدَعُه؟! فقالَ: مَن ذا؟ فقالَ: أبو بكرٍ. قال: أما والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَولا يَدٌ كانَت لَكَ عِندِى لَم أجزِكَ بها لأجَبتُكَ. وجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فكُلما (^٣) كَلَّمَه أخَذَ\n_________\n= العنق. وقيل: السالف حبل العنق، وهو العرق الذى بينه وبين الكتف. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢١٩.\n(^١) فى س، م: \"أوباشا\".\n(^٢) البظر: ما يخفض من النساء فى ختانهن. وقوله: امصص بظر اللات: كلمة سب تستعملها العرب لمن تقابحه وتسبه، وأكثر ما يضيفون ذلك للأم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٨٨.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فلما\".","vol":"19","page":118},{"text":"بلِحيَتِه، والمُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ قائمٌ على رأسِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ومَعَه السَّيفُ وعَلَيه المِغفَرُ، فكُلَّما أهوَى عُروَةُ بيَدِه إلَى لحيَةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ضَرَبَ يَدَه بنَعلِ السَّيفِ (^١)، وقالَ: أخِّرْ يَدَكَ عن لِحيَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فرَفَعَ عُروَةُ يَدَه، فقالَ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: المُغيرَةُ بنُ شُعبَةَ. قال: أى غُدَرُ، أوَلَستُ أسعَى فى غَدرَتِكَ؟ وكانَ المُغيرَةُ صَحِبَ قَومًا فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فقَتَلَهُم وأَخَذَ أموالَهُم، ثُمَّ جاءَ وأَسلَمَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أمّا الإِسلَامَ فأَقبَلُ، وأَمّا المالَ فلَستُ مِنه فى شَئٍ\". ثُمَّ إنَّ عُروةَ جَعَلَ يَرمُقُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بعَينِه، قال: فواللهِ ما تَنَخَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- نُخامَةً إلَّا وقَعَت فى كَفِّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم فدَلَكَ بها وَجْهَه وجِلْدَه، وإِذا أمَرَهُمُ ابتَدَروا أمرَه، وإِذا تَوَضّأ كادوا يَقتَتِلونَ على وَضُوئهِ، وإِذا تَكَلَّموا خَفَضوا أصواتَهُم، وما يُحِدُّونَ النَّظَرَ إلَيه تَعظيمًا له، فرَجَعَ إلَى أصحابِه فقالَ: أى قَومِ، واللهِ لَقَد وفَدتُ على المُلوكِ، ووَفَدتُ على قَيصَرَ وكِسرَى والنَّجاشِىِّ، واللهِ إن رأيتُ مَلِكًا قَطُّ يُعَظِّمُه أصحابُه ما يُعَظِّمُ أصحابُ محمدٍ محمدًا، واللهِ إن تَنَخَّمَ نُخامَةً إلَّا وقَعَت فى كَفِّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم فدَلَكَ بها جِلدَه ووجهَه، وإِذا أمَرَهُمُ ابتَدَروا أمرَه، وإِذا تَوَضَّأ كادوا يَقتَتِلونَ على وَضوئِه، وإِذا تَكَلَّموا خَفَضوا أصواتَهُم عِندَه، وما يُحِدُّونَ إلَيه النَّظَرَ تَعظيمًا له، وإِنَّه قَد عَرَضَ عَلَيكُم خُطَّةَ رُشدٍ فاقبَلوها. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى كِنانَةَ: دَعونِى آتِه. قالوا: ائتِه. فلَمّا أشرَفَ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأَصحابِه قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هذا فُلانٌ، وهو مِن قَومٍ يُعَظِّمونَ البُدنَ؛ فابعَثوها له\". فبُعِثَت له، واستَقبَلَه القَومُ يُلَبّونَ، فلَمّا\n_________\n(^١) نعل السيف: الحديدة التى فى أسفل قرابه. الفائق ٤/ ٣.","vol":"19","page":119},{"text":"رأى ذَلِكَ قال: سُبحانَ اللهِ! ما يَنبَغِى لِهَؤُلاءِ أن يُصَدّوا عن البَيتِ. فلَمّا رَجَعَ إلَى أصحابِه قال: رأيتُ البُدنَ قَد قُلِّدَت وأُشعِرَت فلَم أرَ أن يُصَدُّوا عن البَيتِ. فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم يُقالُ له: مِكرَزُ بنُ حَفصٍ. فقالَ: دَعونِى آتِه. فقالوا: ائتِه. فلَمّا أشرَفَ عَلَيهِم قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هذا مِكرَزٌ، وهو رَجُلٌ فاجِرٌ\". فجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فبَينا هو يُكَلِّمُه -ﷺ- إذ جاءَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو - قال مَعمَرٌ: فأَخبَرَنِى أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أنَّه لما جاءَ سُهَيلٌ، قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد سَهُلَ لَكُم مِن أمرِكُم\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ فى حَديثِه: فجاءَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو، فقالَ: هاتِ اكتُبْ بَينَنا وبَينَكُم كِتابًا. فدَعا الكاتِبَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اكتُبْ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ\". فقالَ سُهَيلٌ: أمّا الرَّحمَنُ فواللهِ ما أدرِى ما هو، ولَكِنِ اكتُبْ: باسمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ. كما كُنتَ تَكتُبُ، فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: لا نَكتُبُها إلا بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اكتُبْ باسمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"هذا ما قاضَى عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ\". قالَ سُهَيلٌ: واللهِ لَو كُنّا نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُه (^١) ما صَدَدناكَ عن البَيتِ ولا قاتَلناكَ، ولَكِنِ اكتُب: محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"واللهِ إنِّى لَرسولُ اللهِ وإِن كَذَّبتُمونِى، اكتُبْ: محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\". قال الزُّهرِىُّ وذَلِكَ لِقَولِه: \"لا يَسأَلونِى خُطَّةً يُعَظِّمونَ فيها حُرُماتِ اللهِ إلَّا أعطَيتُهُم إيّاها\". فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"على أن تُخَلّوا بَينَنا وبَينَ البَيتِ فنَطوفَ به\". فقالَ سُهَيلٌ: واللهِ لا تتَحَدَّثُ العَرَبُ أنّا أُخِذنا ضَغطَةً (^٢)، ولَكِن لَكَ مِنَ العامِ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"رسول الله\".\n(^٢) قال القاضى: بفتح الضاد، وضَمَّها الأصيلى، أى: قهرة واضطرارًا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٦١.","vol":"19","page":120},{"text":"المُقبِلِ، فكَتَبَ. فقالَ سُهَيلٌ: على ألَّا يأتيكَ مِنّا رَجُلٌ وإِن كان على دينِكَ إلَّا رَدَدتَه إلَينا. فقالَ المُسلِمونَ: سُبحانَ اللهِ! كَيفَ يُرَدُّ إلَى المُشرِكينَ وقَد جاءَ مُسلِمًا؟! فبَينا هُم كَذَلِكَ إذ جاءَ أبو جَنْدَلِ ابنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو يَرسُفُ (^١). وقالَ يَحيَى عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ: يَرصُفُ فى قُيودِه. وقَد خَرَجَ مِن أسفَلِ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى رَمَى بنَفسِه بَينَ أظهُرِ المُسلِمينَ، فقالَ سُهَيلٌ: هذا يا محمدُ أوَّلُ ما أُقاضيكَ عَلَيه أن تَرُدَّه إلَىَّ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا لَم نَقضِ فالكِتابَ بَعدُ\". قال: فواللهِ إذن لا نُصالِحُكَ على شَئٍ أبَدًا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"فأَجِزْه (^٢) لِى\". قال: ما أنا بمُجيزِه (^٣). قال: \"بَلَى فافعَلْ\". قالَ: ما أنَا بفاعِلٍ. قال مِكرَزٌ: بَلَى قَد أجَزْناه (^٤) لَكَ. فقالَ أبو جَندَلٍ: أى مَعاشِرَ المُسلِمينَ أُرَدُّ إلَى المُشرِكينَ وقَد جِئتُ مُسلِمًا! ألا تَرَونَ ما قَد أُتيتُ؟ وكانَ قَد عُذِّبَ عَذابًا شَديدًا فى اللهِ ﷿. فقالَ عُمَرُ: فأَتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: ألَستَ نَبِىَّ اللهِ؟ قال: \"بَلَى\". قُلتُ: ألَسنا على الحَقِّ وعَدوُّنا على الباطِلِ؟ قال: \"بَلَى\". قُلتُ: فلِمَ نُعطِى الدَّنيَّةَ فى دينِنا إذن؟ قال: \"إنِّى رسولُ اللهِ، ولَستُ أعصِيه، وهو ناصِرِى\". قُلتُ: أوَلَيسَ كُنتَ تُحَدِّثُنا أنّا سَنأتِى البَيت فنَطوفُ به؟ قال: \"بَلَى، فأَخبَرتُكَ أنَّكَ تأتيه العامَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فإِنَّكَ آتيه ومُتطوِّفٌ به\". قال: فأَتَيتُ أبا بكرٍ، فقُلتُ:\n_________\n(^١) يرسف: بضم السين ويقال بكسرها، يمشى مشية المقيد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٠.\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"فأجره\" بالراء المهملة، وقال القسطلانى: بهمزة مفتوحة فجيم مكسورة فزاى ساكنة، أى: أَمْضِ. إرشاد السارى ٤/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"بمجيره\".\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"أجرناه\".","vol":"19","page":121},{"text":"يا أبا بكرٍ، ألَيسَ هذا نَبِىَّ اللهِ حَقًّا؟ قال: بَلَى. قُلتُ: ألَسنا على الحَقِّ وعَدوُّنا على الباطِلِ؟ قال: بَلَى. قُلتُ: فلِمَ نُعطى الدَّنيَّةَ فى دينِنا إذن؟ قال: أيُّها الرَّجُلُ، إنَّه رسولُ اللهِ، ولَن يَعصِىَ رَبَّه وهو ناصِرُه، فاستَمسِكْ بغَرزِه (^١) حَتَّى تَموتَ، فواللهِ إنَّه لَعَلَى الحَقِّ. قُلتُ: أوَلَيسَ كان يُحَدِّثُنا أنَّه سَيأتِى البَيتَ ويَطوفُ بهِ؟ قال: بَلَى، أفأخبَرَكَ أنَّكَ تأتيه العامَ؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: فإِنَّكَ آتيه فتَطوفُ به. قال الزُّهرِىُّ: قال عُمَرُ: فعَمِلتُ لِذَلِكَ أعمالًا. قال: فلَمّا فرَغَ مِن قَضيَّةِ الكِتابِ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لأصحابِه: \"قوموا فانحَروا ثُمَّ احلِقوا\". قال: فواللهِ ما قامَ مِنهُم رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قال ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فلَمّا لَم يَقُمْ مِنهُم أحَدٌ قامَ فدَخَلَ على أُمِّ سلمةَ، فذَكَرَ لَها ما لَقِىَ مِنَ النّاسِ. فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ: يا رسول اللهِ أتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟ اخرُجْ ثُمَّ لا تُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا مِنهُم كَلِمَةً حَتَّى تَنحَرَ بُدنَكَ وتَدعوَ حالِقَكَ فيَحلِقَكَ. فقامَ فخَرَجَ فلَم يُكَلِّمْ أحَدًا مِنهُم حَتَّى فعَلَ ذَلِكَ ونَحَرَ هَديَه ودَعا حالِقَه يَعنى فحَلَقَه، فلَمّا رأوا ذَلِكَ قاموا فنَحَروا وجَعَلَ بَعضُهُم يَحلِقُ بَعضًا حَتَّى كادَ بَعضُهُم يَقتُلُ بَعضًا غَمًّا، ثُمَّ جاءَه نِسوَةٌ مُؤمِناتٌ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ﴾ حَتّى بَلَغَ: ﴿بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]. قال: فطَلَّقَ عُمَرُ يَومَئذٍ امرأتَينِ كانَتا له فى الشِّركِ، فتَزَوّجَ إحداهُما مُعاويَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ، والأُخرَى صَفوانُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى المَدينَةِ، فجاءَه أبو بَصيرٍ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) الغرز: هو للإبل بمنزلة الركاب للفرس، أى: فتمسك بأمره، ولا تخالفه كما يتمسك المرء بركاب\nالفارس فلا يفارقه. إرشاد السارى ٤/ ٤٥٠.\n(^٢) قال القسطلانى: ومعنى كونه من قريش أنه منهم بالحلف، وإلا فهو ثقفى. إرشاد السارى ٤/ ٤٥١.","vol":"19","page":122},{"text":"وهو مسلمٌ - وقالَ يَحيَى عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ: فقَدِمَ عَلَيه أبو بَصيرِ بنُ أَسيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ مُسلِمًا مُهاجِرًا، فاستأجَرَ الأخنَسُ بنُ شَريقٍ رَجُلًا كافِرًا مِن بَنِى عامِرِ ابنِ لُؤَىٍّ ومَولًى مَعَه، وكَتَبَ مَعَهُما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَسأَلُه الوَفاءَ. قال: فأَرسَلوا فى طَلَبِه رَجُلَينِ، فقالوا: العَهدَ الَّذِى جَعَلتَ لَنا فيه. فدَفَعَه إلَى الرَّجُلَينِ، فخَرَجا به حَتَّى بَلَغا به ذا الحُلَيفَةِ فنَزَلوا يأكُلون مِن تَمرٍ لَهُم، فقالَ أبو بَصيرٍ لأحَدِ الرَّجُلَينِ: واللهِ إنِّى لأرَى سَيفَكَ يا فُلانُ هذا جَيِّدًا. فاستَلَّه الآخَرُ فقالَ: أجَلْ واللهِ إنَّه لَجَيِّدٌ، لَقَد جَرَّبتُ به، ثُمَّ جَرَّبتُ. قال أبو بَصيرٍ: أرِنِى أنظُرْ إلَيه. فأَمكَنَه مِنه فضَرَبَه به حَتَّى بَرَدَ (^١) وفَرَّ الآخَرُ حَتَّى أتَى المَدينَةَ، فدَخَلَ المَسجِدَ يَعدو، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَقَد رأى هذا ذُعرًا\". فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: قُتِلَ واللهِ صاحِبِى، وإِنِّى لَمَقتولٌ. فجاءَ أبو بَصيرٍ فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللهِ، قَد واللهِ أوفَى اللهُ ذِمَّتَكَ، قَد رَدَدتَنِى إلَيهِم ثُمَّ أنجانِى اللهُ مِنهُم. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ويلُ أُمِّه مِسعَرَ حَربٍ (^٢) لَو كان لى أحَدٌ\". فلَمّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عَرَفَ أنَّه سَيَرُدُّه إلَيهِم، فخَرَجَ حَتَّى أتَى سِيفَ البحرِ (^٣). قال: ويَنفَلِتُ (^٤) أبو جَندَلِ ابنُ سُهَيلٍ فلَحِقَ بأَبِى بَصيرٍ، فجَعَلَ لا يَخرُجُ مِن قُرَيشٍ رَجُلٌ قَد أسلَمَ إلَّا لَحِقَ بأَبِى بَصيرٍ حَتَّى اجتَمَعَت مِنهُم عِصابَةٌ. قال: فواللهِ ما\n_________\n(^١) برد: مات. إرشاد السارى ٤/ ٤٥١.\n(^٢) مسعر حرب: كلمة تعجب يصفه بالمبالغة فى الحروب وجودة معالجتها وسرعة النهوض فيها، يقال: فلان مسعر حرب. إذا كان أول من يوقد نارها ويَصْلَى حرها، من قولك: سعرت النار. إذا أوقدتها، ومنه السعير، وهو النار الموقدة. معالم السنن ٢/ ٣٣٣.\n(^٣) سيف البحر؛ بكسر السين: ساحله. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) فى س: \"تفلت\".","vol":"19","page":123},{"text":"يَسمَعونَ بعيرٍ خَرَجَت لِقُرَيشٍ إلَى الشّامِ إلَّا اعتَرَضوا لَها فقَتَلوهُم وأَخَذوا أموالَهُم، فأَرسَلَت قُرَيشٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- تُناشِدُه اللهَ والرَّحِمَ لَمَا أرسَلَ إلَيهِم؛ فمَن أتاه فهو آمِنٌ. فأَرسَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَيهِم، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ﴾. حَتَّى بَلَغَ ﴿حَمِيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٤ - ٢٦]، وكانَت حَميَّتُهُم أنَهُم لَم يُقِرّوا أنَّه نَبِىُّ اللهِ، ولَم يُقِرّوا ببِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ، وحالوا بَينَهُم وبَينَ البَيتِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَتّابٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذه القَصَّةِ، زادَ: ثُمَّ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- دَعا عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ليُرسِلَه إلَى قُرَيشٍ، وهو ببَلدَحَ (^٣)، فقالَ له عُمَرُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لا تُرسِلنِى إلَيهِم فإِنَّى أتَخَوَّفُهُم على نَفسِى، ولَكِنْ أرسِل عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ. فأُرسِلَ إلَيهِم فلَقِىَ أبانَ بنَ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، فأَجارَه وحَمَلَه بَينَ يَدَيه على الفَرَسِ حَتَّى جاءَ قُرَيشًا، فكَلَّمَهُم بالَّذِى أمَرَه به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَرسَلوا مَعَه سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو ليُصالحَه عَلَيهِم، وبِمَكَّةَ يَومَئذٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ ناسٌ كَثيرٌ مِن أهلِها، فدَعَوا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠١٦٨، ١٤٠٨٤، ١٨٣٠٧، وقبل ١٨٤٧٢)، وسيأتى فى (٢٠٣٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٣٢).\n(^٣) بلدح: واد قبل مكة من جهة الغرب. معجم البلدان ١/ ٧١٤.","vol":"19","page":124},{"text":"عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ ليَطوفَ بالبَيتِ فأَبَى أن يَطوفَ، وقالَ: ما كُنتُ لأطوفَ به حَتَّى يَطوفَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فرَجَعَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ومَعَه سُهَيلُ ابنُ عمرٍو قَد أجارَه؛ ليُصالِحَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الصُّلحِ وكِتابَتِه، قال: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالكِتابِ إلَى قُرَيشٍ مَعَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فيما كان بَينَ الفَريقَينِ مِنَ التَّرامِى بالحِجارَةِ والنَّبلِ، وارتِهانِ المُشرِكينَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ، وارتِهانِ المُسلِمينَ سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو، ودَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المُسلِمينَ إلَى البَيعَةِ، فلَمّا رأت قُرَيشٌ ذَلِكَ رَعَبَهُمُ اللهُ فأَرسَلوا مَن كانوا ارتَهَنوه ودَعَوا إلَى الموادَعَةِ والصُّلحِ، فصالَحَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وكاتَبَهُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3967>بابُ ما جاءَ فى مُدَّةِ الهُدنَةِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكانَتِ الهُدنَةُ بَينَه وبَينَهُم عَشرَ سِنينَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ فى قِصَّةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، قال: فدَعَت قُرَيشٌ سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو فقالوا: اذهَبْ إلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ فصالحْه، ولا يَكونَنَّ فى صُلحِه إلَّا أن يَرجِعَ عَنّا عامَه هذا؛ لا تَحَدَّثُ العَرَبُ أنَّه دَخَلَها عَلَينا عَنوَةً. فخَرَجَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو مِن عِندِهِم، فلَمّا رآه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٢٥/ ٢٩٨ من طريق أبى الحسين ابن الفضل به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٨٩.","vol":"19","page":125},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُقبِلًا قال: \"قَد أرادَ القَومُ الصُّلحَ حينَ بَعَثوا هذا الرَّجُلَ\". فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَرَى بَينَهُما القَولُ حَتَّى وقَعَ الصُّلحُ على أن توضَعَ الحَربُ بَينَهُما عَشرَ سِنينَ، وأَن يأمَنَ النّاسُ بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ، وأَن يَرجِعَ عَنهُم عامَهُم ذَلِكَ حَتَّى إذا كان العامُ المُقبِلُ قَدِمَها؛ خَلَّوا بَينَه وبَينَ مَكَّةَ، فأَقامَ بها ثَلاثًا، وأَنَّه لا يَدخُلُها إلَّا بسِلاحِ الرّاكِبِ والسُّيوفِ فى القُرُبِ، وأَنَّه مَن أتانا مِن أصحابِكَ بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّه لَم نَرُدَّه عَلَيكَ، وإِنَّه مَن أتاكَ مِنّا بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّه رَدَدتَه عَلَينا، وإِنَّ بَينَنا وبَينَكَ عَيبَةً مَكفوفَةً (^١)، وإِنَّه لا إسلالَ ولا إغلالَ (^٢). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٤٣ - ورَوَى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ العُمَرِىُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ جِدًّا، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كانَتِ الهُدنَةُ بَينَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأَهلِ مَكَّةَ عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ أربَعَ سِنينَ. أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أخبرَنا القاسِمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ كاسِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). المَحفوظُ هو\n_________\n(^١) أى: بيننا صدر نقى من الغل والخداع، مطوى على الوفاء، والمكفوفة: المشرجة المشدودة، والعرب تكنى عن القلوب بالعياب؛ لأن العياب مستودع الثياب، والقلوب مستودع السرائر، وإنما يخبأ فى العيبة أجود الثياب، ويكتم فى الصدر أخص الأسرار. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١٣٧، ٢٩٦.\n(^٢) الإسلال: السرقة، والإغلال: الخيانة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٩٨، ١٩٩.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٧٧٢)، وفى الدلائل ٤/ ١٤٥. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٩١٠) من طريق محمد ابن إسحاق به. وتقدم فى (١٠١٦٩). وسيأتى فى (١٨٨٦٤).\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٨٧١. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٩٣٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٦٠ من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به.","vol":"19","page":126},{"text":"الأوَّلُ. وعاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ هذا يأتِى بما لا يُتابَعُ عَلَيه (^١). ضَعَّفَّه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (^٢) والبُخارِىُّ (^٣) وغَيرُهُما مِنَ الأئمَّةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3968>بابُ نُزولِ سُورَةِ \"الفَتحِ\" على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَرجِعَه مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ الشّاماتِىُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ وأبو الأشعَثِ قالا: حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ حَدَّثَهُم قال: لما نَزَلَتْ هذه الآيَةُ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا (١) لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ﴾ [الفتح: ١، ٢] مَرجِعَهُم مِنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وهُم يُخالِطُهُمُ الحُزنُ والكآبَةُ، وقَد نَحَرَ الهَدىَ، فقالَ: \"لَقَد أُنزِلَتْ علىَّ آياتٌ هِىَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِنَ الدُّنيا\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَد عَلِمنا ما يَفعَلُ اللهُ بكَ، فما يَفعَلُ بنا؟. قال: فنَزَلَت ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ﴾ [الفتح: ٥] حَتَّى بَلَغَ رأسَ الآيَةِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٥).\n\n١٨٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ يَعنِى ابنَ إسحاقَ الحافظَ، أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٩٦٦٨).\n(^٢) تاريخ الدورى ٢/ ٢٨٩، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ٣٤٦.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٤٦)، وابن حبان (٣٧٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٨٦).","vol":"19","page":127},{"text":"عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾، قال: فتحُ الحُدَيبيَةِ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ: هَنيئًا مَريئًا يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا لَكَ، فما لَنا؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ﴾. قال شُعبَةُ: فقَدِمتُ الكوفَةَ فحَدَّثتُهُم عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ البَصرَةَ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِقَتادَةَ، فقالَ: أمّا الأوَّلُ فعَن أنَسٍ، وأَمّا الثّانِى: ﴿لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ﴾. فعَن عِكرِمَةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ سِياهٍ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ سِياهٍ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ قال: قامَ سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ يَومَ صِفّينَ فقالَ: أيُّها النّاسُ، اتَّهِموا أنفُسَكُم؛ لَقَد كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، ولَو نَرَى قِتالًا لَقاتَلنا، وذَلِكَ فى الصُّلحِ الَّذِى كان بَينَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبَينَ المُشرِكينَ. قال: فأَتَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألَسنا على حَقٍّ وهُم على باطِلٍ؟ قال: \"بَلَى\". قال: ألَيسَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٧. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٨١٥) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (١٢٧٧٩)، وأبو يعلى (٣٢٥٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤١٧٢).","vol":"19","page":128},{"text":"قَتلانا فى الجَنَّةِ وقَتلاهُم فى النّارِ؟ قال: \"بَلَى\". قال: ففيمَ نَعطِى الدَّنيَّةَ فى أنفُسِنا ونَرجِعُ ولما يَحكُمِ اللهُ بَينَنا وبَينَهُم؟! قال: \"يا ابنَ الخطابِ إنِّى رسولُ اللهِ ولَن يُضَيِّعَنِى اللهُ\". قال: فانطَلَقَ ابنُ الخطابِ ولَم يَصبِرْ مُتَغَيِّظًا، فأَتَى أبا بكرٍ، فقالَ: يا أبا بكرٍ ألَسنا على حَقٍّ وهُم على باطِلٍ؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: ألَيس قَتلانا فى الجَنَّةِ وقَتلاهُم فى النّارِ؟ قال: بَلَى. قال: فعلامَ نُعطِى الدَّنيَّةَ فى دينِنا ونَرجِعُ ولما يَحكُمِ اللهُ بَينَنا وبَينَهُم؟! قال: يا ابنَ الخطابِ، إنَّه رسولُ اللهِ، ولَن يُضَيِّعَه اللهُ أبَدًا. قال: فنَزَلَ القُرآنُ على محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَرسَلَ إلَى عُمَرَ فأَقرأه إيّاه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أوَفَتحٌ هوَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: فطابَت نَفسُه ورَجَعَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ إسحاقَ السُّلَمِىِّ عن يَعلَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فما كان فى الإسلامِ فتحٌ أعظَمُ مِنه؛ كانَتِ الحَربُ قَد أحجَزَتِ (^٣) النّاسَ، فلَمّا أمِنوا لَم يُكَلَّمْ بالإِسلامِ أحَدٌ يَعقِلُ إلا قَبِلَه، فلَقَد أسلَمَ فى سَنَتَينِ مِن تِلكَ الهُدنَةِ أكثرُ ممَّن أسلَمَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٤٧، ١٤٨، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٧٨٤٤، ٣٨٩١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٧٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٥٠٤) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٨٤٤)، ومسلم (١٧٨٥/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) فى س: \"أحجرت\".\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٨٩.","vol":"19","page":129},{"text":"١٨٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن مَروانَ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ فى قِصَّةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وفيها مُدرَجًا: ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- راجِعًا، فلَمّا أن كان بَينَ مَكَّةَ والمَدينَةِ نَزَلَت عَلَيه سورَةُ \"الفَتحِ\" مِن أوَّلِها إلَى آخِرِها: ﴿إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا﴾. فكانَتِ القَضيَّةُ فى سورَةِ \"الفَتحِ\" وما ذَكَرَ اللهُ مِن بَيعَةِ رسولِه تَحتَ الشَّجَرَةِ، فلَمّا أمِنَ النّاسُ وتَفاوَضوا لَم يُكَلَّمْ أحَدٌ بالإِسلامِ إلَّا دَخَلَ فيه، فلَقَد دَخَلَ فى تَينِكَ السَّنَتَينِ فى الإسلامِ أكثَرُ ممّا كان فيه قبلَ ذَلِكَ، وكانَ صُلحُ الحُدَيبيَةِ فتحًا عَظيمًا (^١).\n\n١٨٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: تَعُدّونَ أنتُمُ الفَتحَ فتحَ مَكَّةَ، وقَد كان فتحُ مَكَّةَ فينا فتحًا، ونَعُدُّ نَحنُ الفَتحَ بَيعَةَ الرِّضوانِ، نَزَلنا يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وهِىَ بئرٌ، فوَجَدنا النّاسَ قَد نَزَحوها فلَم يَدَعوا فيها قَطرَةً، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فجَلَسَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فدَعا بدَلوٍ فنَزَعَ مِنها، ثُمَّ أخَذَ مِنه بفيه فمَجَّه فيها ودَعا اللهَ، فكَثُرَ ماؤُها حَتَّى صَدَرنا ورَكائبُنا، ونَحنُ أربَعَ عَشرَةَ مِائَةً (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٥٩، ١٦٠. وتقدم فى (١٨٨٤٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١١٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٦٣، ١٨٥٦٤)، وابن حبان (٤٨٠١) من =","vol":"19","page":130},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن إسرائيلَ (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3969>بابُ مُهادَنَةِ الأئمَّةِ بَعدَ رسولِ رَبِّ العِزَّةِ إذا نَزَلَت بالمسلِميِن نازِلَةٌ</span>\n\n١٨٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما الإمامُ جُنَّةٌ يُقاتَلُ به\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ العَلاءِ بنِ زَبرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ بُسرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحَضرَمِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا إدريسَ الخَولانِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَوفَ بنَ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىَّ يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ وهو فى قُبَّةٍ مِن أدَمٍ فقالَ لِى: \"يا عَوفُ اعدُدْ سِتًّا بَينَ يَدَىِ السّاعَةِ: مَوتِى، ثُمَّ فتحُ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ، ثُمَّ مُوتانٌ يأخُذُ فيكُم كَقُعاصِ الغَنَمِ (^٣)، ثُمَّ استِفاضَةُ المالِ فيكُم حَتَّى يُعطَى الرَّجُلُ مِائَةَ دينارٍ فيَظَلُّ ساخِطًا، ثُمَّ فِتنَةٌ لا يَبقَى بَيتٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ إلَّا دَخَلَته، ثُمَّ هُدنَةٌ\n_________\n= طريق إسرائيل به. وأبو يعلى (١٦٥٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^١) البخارى (٣٥٧٧، ٤١٥٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٧٧)، والبخارى (٢٩٥٧)، ومسلم (١٨٤١)، والنسائى (٤٢٠٧) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٣) الموتان: اسم للطاعون والموت، والقعاص: داء يأخذ الغنم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٩٠، وينظر فتح البارى ٦/ ٢٧٨.","vol":"19","page":131},{"text":"تَكونُ بَينَكُم وبَينَ بَنِى الأصفَرِ فيَغدِرونَ فيأتونَكُم تَحتَ ثَمانينَ غايَةً (^١)، تَحتَ كُلِّ غايَةٍ اثنا عَشَرَ ألفًا\". قال الوَليدُ: فذاكَرنا هذا الحديث شَيخًا مِن شُيوخِ المَدينَةِ فى قَولِه: \"ثُمَّ فتحُ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ\". فقالَ الشيخُ: أخبرَنِى سعيدٌ عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه كان يُحَدِّثُ بهَذا الحديثِ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ويَقولُ مَكانَ \"فتحُ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ\": \"عُمرانُ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ دونَ إسنادِ أبى هريرةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنا أبى، أخبرَنِى الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حَسّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، قال: مالَ مَكحولٌ وابنُ أبى زَكَريّا إلَى خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ فمِلتُ مَعَهُم. قال: فحَدَّثَنا خالِدٌ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ أنَّه قال له: انطَلِقْ بنا إلَى ذِى مِخبَرٍ؛ رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فأَتَيناه، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"سَيُصالِحُكمُ الرُّومُ صُلحًا آمِنًا، ثُمَّ تَغزونَ أنتُم وهُم عَدوًّا،. فتُنصَرونَ وتَسلَمونَ وتَغنَمونَ (^٤)، ثمّ تَنصَرِفونَ فتنَزِلونَ بمَرجٍ ذِى تُلولٍ، فيَرفَعُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّصرانيَّةِ الصَّليبَ، فيَقولُ: غَلَبَ الصَّليبُ. فيَغضَبُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فيَقومُ إلَيه فيَدُقُّه، فعِندَ\n_________\n(^١) غاية: أى راية، وسميت بذلك لأنها غاية المتبع إذا وقفت وقف. فتح البارى ٦/ ٢٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرج، أبو داود (٥٠٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٤٢، ٤٠٩٥)، وابن حبان (٦٦٧٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به دون إسناد أبى هريرة، والحاكم ٤/ ٤١٩ من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به بتمامه.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣١٧٦).\n(^٤) فى س: \"تقيمون\".","vol":"19","page":132},{"text":"ذَلِكَ تَغضَبُ الرُّومُ ويَجمَعونَ (^١) لِلمَلحَمَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3970>بابُ المُهادَنَةِ إلَى غَيِر مُدَّةٍ</span>\n\n١٨٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن عُمَرَ أجلَى اليَهودَ والنَّصارَى مِن أرضِ الحِجازِ، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ أرادَ إخراجَ اليَهودِ مِنها، فكانَتِ الأرضُ حينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيها للهِ ولِرسولِه ولِلمُسلِمينَ، فأَرادَ إخراجَ اليَهودَ مِنها، فسألَتِ اليَهودُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ليُقِرَّهُم على أن يَكْفُوه عَمَلَها ولَهُم نِصفُ الثَّمَرِ، فقالَ لَهُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نُقِرُّكم بها على ذَلِكَ ما شِئْنا\". فقَرُّوا بها حَتَّى أجلاهُم عُمَرُ إلى تَيماءَ وأَريحاءَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وإِسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ فقالَ: وقالَ عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الفُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ: \"نُقِرُّكُم على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\".\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"تجتمعون\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨٢٦)، وأبو داود (٤٢٩٢، ٤٢٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٨٩)، وابن حبان (٦٧٠٨) من طرق عن الأوزاعى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٠٧، ٣٦٠٨).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أريحا\". والحديث عند أحمد (٦٣٦٨). وتقدم فى (١١٧٣٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٦٦/ ٦٢).","vol":"19","page":133},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن نافِعٍ: \"أُقِرُّكُم فيها على ذَلِكَ ما شِئنا\" (^١). وفِى رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ: \"ما بَدا لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ -\" (^٢). وفِى رِوايَةِ مالكٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"نُقِرُّكُم ما أقَرَّكُمُ اللهُ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ فى رِوايَةِ ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا: \"أُقِرُّكُم ما أقَرّكُمُ اللهُ\" (^٤).\nورَواه صالِحُ بنُ أبى الأخضَرِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوصولًا (^٥).\nوقَد مَضَت هذه الرِّواياتُ بأَسانيدِها.\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فإِن قيلَ: فلِمَ لا يقولُ: أُقِرُّكُم ما أقَرُّكُمُ اللهُ. يَعنِى كُلَّ إمامٍ بَعدَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قيلَ: الفَرقُ بَينَه وبَينَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى أن أمرَ اللهِ كان يأتِى رسولَه بالوَحىِ ولا يأتِى أحَدًا غَيرَه بوَحىٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١١٧٣٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١١٧٣٦، ١٨٤٣١).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٨٧٧٩).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٧٥١٢).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١١٧٣٩).\n(^٦) الأم ٤/ ١٩٠.","vol":"19","page":134},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3971>بابُ مُهادَنَةِ مَن يَقوَى على قِتالِهِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سَعدُويَه، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ أبا بكرٍ على المَوسِمِ، وأَمَرَه أن يُنادِىَ بهَؤُلاءِ الكَلِماتِ. قال: فبَينا أبو بكرٍ نازِلٌ فى بَعضِ الطَّريقِ إذ سَمِعَ رُغاءَ ناقَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- القَصواءِ، فخَرَجَ فزِعًا وظَنَّ أنَّه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فإِذا علىٌّ، فدَفَعَ إلَيه كِتابَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَتَى علىٌّ المَوسِمَ وأَمَرَ عَليًّا أن يُنادِىَ بهَؤُلاءِ الكَلِماتِ، فانطَلَقا فحَجّا، فقامَ علىٌّ فنادَى فى وسَطِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ: إنَّ اللهَ ورسولَه بَرِئٌ مِن كُلِّ مُشرِكٍ؛ ﴿فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي﴾ [التوبة: ٢]. لا يَحُجَّنَّ بَعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ، ولا يَطوفَنَّ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ، ولا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا مُؤمِنٌ. كان يُنادِى بهَذا. فإِذا بَحَّ (^١) قام أبو هريرةَ فنادَى بها (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) بح: أخذته بُحة وخشونة وغلظ فى صوته. التاج ٦/ ٢٩٨ (ب ح ح).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٠٩١)، والطحاوى فى شرح مشكل الآثار (٣٥٨٥)، والطبرانى (١٢١٢٨) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.","vol":"19","page":135},{"text":"مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن المُحَرَّرِ بنِ أبى هريرةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: كُنتُ مَعَ علىٍّ حينَ بَعَثَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ببَراءَةَ إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ. قال: فكُنتُ أنادِى حَتَّى صَحِلَ (^١) صَوتِى، فقيل له: بأَىِّ شَئٍ كُنتَ تُنادِى؟ فقالَ: أُمِرنا أن نُنادِىَ أنَّه لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا مُؤمِنٌ، ومَن كان بَينَه وبَينَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عهدٌ فأَجَلُه إلَى أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ، فإِذا مَضَتِ الأشهُرُ فإِنَّ اللهَ بَرِئٌ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ ورسولَه، ولا يَطوفُ بالبَيتِ عُريانٌ، ولا يَحُجُّ بَعدَ العامِ مُشرِكٌ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَى فى حَديثِ زَيدِ بنِ يُثَيعٍ عن علىٍّ فى هذا الحديثِ: ومَن كان له عَهدٌ فعَهدُه إلَى مُدَّتِه، ومَن لَم يَكُنْ له عَهدٌ فأَربَعَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِصَفوانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بَعدَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ تَسييرَ أربَعَةِ أشهُرٍ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد مَضَى هذا فى حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ فى كِتابِ النِّكَاحِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) صحل: أى بَحَّ. التاج ٢٩/ ٣١٢ (ص ح ل).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٠٠٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٨٧٧٧).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٢١٨.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٤١٨٠) وفيه: سيره شهرين.","vol":"19","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3972>بابٌ: لا خَيرَ فى أن يُعطيَهُم المُسلِمونَ شَيئًا على أن يَكُفُّوا عَنهُم</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّ القَتلَ لِلمُسلِمينَ شَهادَةٌ، وأَنَّ الإِسلامَ أعَزُّ مِن أن يُعطَى مُشرِكٌ على أن يَكُفَّ عن أهلِه؛ لأنَّ أهلَه قاتِلينَ ومَقتولينَ ظاهِرونَ على الحَقِّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا فى حَديثِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ فى قِصَّةِ الأهوازِ أنَّه قال: فأخبرَنا نَبيُّنا، عن رِسالَةِ رَبِّنا، أنَّه مَن قُتِلَ مِنّا صارَ إلَى جَنَّةٍ ونَعيمٍ لَم يُرَ مِثلُه قَطُّ، ومَن بَقِىَ مِنّا مَلَكَ رِقابَكُم (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ خالَه، وكانَ اسمَه حَرامٌ، أخا أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ، فى سبعينَ رَجُلًا فقُتِلوا يَومَ بئرِ مَعونَةَ، وكانَ رَئيسُ المُشرِكينَ عامِرَ بنَ الطُّفَيلِ، وكانَ أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: أُخَيِّرُكَ بَينَ ثلاثِ خِصالٍ أن يَكونَ لَكَ أهلُ السَّهلِ ولِى أهلُ المَدَرِ، وأَكونُ خَليفَتَكَ مِن بَعدِكَ، أو أغزوكَ بغَطَفانَ بأَلفِ أشقَرَ وأَلفِ شَقراءَ. قال: فطُعِنَ (^٣) فى بَيتِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ، فقالَ: غُدَّةٌ كَغُدَّةِ البَكرِ فى بَيتِ امرأةٍ مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ، ائتونِى بفَرَسِى. فرَكِبَه فماتَ على ظَهرِ فرَسِه،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٢٣٣، ١٨٦٩٧).\n(^٣) طعن: أى أصابه الطاعون. التاج ٣٥/ ٣٥٤ (ط ع ن).","vol":"19","page":137},{"text":"فانطَلَقَ حَرامٌ أخو أُمِّ سُلَيمٍ ورَجُلانِ مَعَه رَجُلٌ أعرَجُ ورَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ، قال: كونا يَعنى قَريبًا مِنِّى حَتَّى آتيَهُم، فإِن آمَنونِى كُنتُم (^١) كَذا، وإِن قَتَلونِى أتَيتُم أصحابَكُم. فأَتاهُم حَرامٌ، فقالَ: أتُؤمِنونِى أُبَلِّغْكم رِسالَةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قالوا: نَعَم. فجَعَلَ يُحَدِّثُهُم، وأَومَئوا إلَى رَجُلٍ فأَتاه مِن خَلفِه فطَعَنَه. قال هَمّامٌ: أحسِبُه قال: فأَنفَذَه بالرُّمحِ. فقالَ: اللهُ أكبَرُ، فُزتُ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ. فلُحِقَ الرَّجُلُ فقُتِلَ كُلُّهُم إلَّا الأعرَجَ كان فى رأسِ الجَبَلِ. قال إسحاقُ: فحَدَّثَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: أُنزِلَ عَلَينا (^٢) ثُمَّ كان مِنَ المَنسوخِ: (إنّا قَد لَقينا رَبَّنا فرَضِىَ عَنّا وأَرضانا). فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سبعينَ صَباحًا على رِعلٍ وذَكوانَ وبَنِى لِحيانَ، وعُصَيَّةَ عَصَتِ اللهَ ورسولَه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، حَدَّثَنِى ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، سَمِعَ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: لما طُعِنَ حَرامُ بنُ مِلحانَ -وكانَ خالَه- يَومَ بئرِ مَعونَةَ، فقالَ بالدَّمِ هَكَذا، فنَضَحَه على وجهِهِ ورأسِهِ، ثُمَّ قال: فُزتُ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"كنت\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عليه\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٤٥، ٣٤٦. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣١٩٥) من طريق همام به. وعند أحمد: أربعين صباحًا.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٩١). وعنده: ثلاثين صباحًا.\n(^٥) ابن المبارك فى الجهاد (٨٠). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٢٩٧) من طريق حبان به.","vol":"19","page":138},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن حِبّانَ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفٌ هو ابنُ سالِمٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-: استأذَنَ أبو بكرٍ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فى الخُروجِ مِن مَكَّةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى الهِجرَةِ ومَعَهُما (^٢) عامِرُ بنُ فُهَيرَةَ. قال: فقُتِلَ عامِرُ بنُ فُهَيرَةَ يَومَ بئرِ مَعونَةَ، وأُسِرَ عمرُو بنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِىُّ، فقالَ له عامِرُ بنُ الطُّفَيلِ: مَن هذا؟ وأَشارَ إلَى قَتيلٍ. فقالَ له عمرُو ابنُ أُمَيَّةَ: هذا عامِرُ بنُ فُهَيرَةَ. فقالَ: لَقَد رأيتُه بَعدَ ما قُتِلَ رُفِعَ إلَى السَّماءِ حَتَّى إنِّى لأنظُرُ إلَى السَّماءِ بَينَه وبَينَ الأرضِ. قال: فأَتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَبَرُهُم، فنَعاهُم وقالَ: \"إن أصحابَكُم أُصيبوا وإِنَّهُم قَد سألوا رَبَّهُم فقالوا: رَبَّنا أخبِرْ عَنّا إخوانَنا بما رَضينا عَنكَ ورَضيتَ عَنّا\". قال: فأَخبَرَهُم عَنهُم قال: وأُصيبَ مِنهُم يَومَئذٍ عُروَةُ بنُ أسماءَ بنِ الصَّلتِ سُمِّىَ به عُروَةُ، ومُنذِرُ بنُ عُمَرَ وسُمِّىَ به مُنذِرٌ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، وجَعَلَ آخِرَ الحديث مِن قَولِ عُروَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٤٠٩١).\n(^٢) فى س: \"تبعها\"، وفى م: \"تبعهما\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٥٢.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٠٩٣).","vol":"19","page":139},{"text":"سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى أسماءَ، عن ثَوبانَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\"لا يَزالُ طائفَةٌ مِن أُمَّتِى ظاهِرينَ على الحَقِّ لا يَضُرُّهُم مَن خَذَلهم حَتَّى يأتِىَ أمرُ اللهِ وهُم كَذَلِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3973>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ فى الإعطاءِ فى الفِداءِ ونَحوِه لِلضَّرورَةِ</span>\n\n١٨٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فدَى رَجُلًا برَجُلَينِ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضى (^٤).\nومَضى حَديثُ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ فى المَرأَةِ التى استَوهَبَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنه وبَعَثَ بها إلَى مَكَّةَ، وفِى أيديهِم أسرَى ففَداهُم بتِلكَ المَرأَةِ (^٥).\n\n١٨٨٦٠ - حدثنا أبو سَعدٍ (^٦) محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّئيسُ الجُرجانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٠٣)، وأبو داود (٤٢٥٢)، والترمذى (٢٢٢٩) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٢٠/ ١٧٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٢٩١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤١/ ٨).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٨٣٧٦).\n(^٦) فى س، م: \"سعيد\". وهو محمد بن منصور بن الحسن، أبو سعد الجُولَكى، سمع أبا بكر\nالإسماعيلى وأبا أحمد الغطريفى، روى عنه نجيب بن ميمون والمصنف وغيرهما، ولى الرياسة\nبجرجان أيام الأمير فلك المعالى إلى أن توفى، قال عبد الغافر: ذو الهمة والمروءة والنوال. وقال =","vol":"19","page":140},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ الجُمَحِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى موسَى، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أطعِموا الجائعَ، وفُكُّوا العانِىَ، وعودوا المَريضَ\". قال سفيانُ: والعانِى: الأسيرُ (^١)، رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ وعن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ المُقرِئُ، قالا: أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن أبى جُحَيفَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، هَل عِندَكُم مِنَ الوَحىِ شَئٌ؟ قال: لا، والَّذِى فلَقَ الحَبَّةَ وبَرأ النَّسَمَةَ ما أعلَمُه إلَّا فهمًا يُعطيه اللهُ ﷿ رَجُلًا، وما فى الصَّحيفَةِ. قُلتُ: وما فى الصَّحيفَةِ؟ قال: العَقلُ وفَكاكُ الأسيرِ، ولا يُقتَلُ مُؤمِنٌ بقَتلِ مُشرِكٍ (^٣). قال زُهَيرٌ: فقُلتُ\n_________\n= الذهبى: حدث بنيسابور وهراة وغزنة. توفى سنة (٤١٠ هـ). ينظر: تاريخ جرجان (٨٨٦)، والمنتخب من السياق (٨)، والأنساب ٢/ ١٢٤، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ- ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٢١٥.\n(^١) الطيالسى (٤٩١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٣٢٤) عن الفضل بن الحباب به. وأبو يعلى (٧٣٢٥)، والبزار (٣٠١٧) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم فى (٦٦٤٩)، وسيأتى فى (١٩٦٩٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٠٤٦، ٥٣٧٣).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٦٠٠٦ - ١٦٠٠٨).","vol":"19","page":141},{"text":"لمُطَرِّفٍ: وما فَكاكُ الأسيرِ؟ قال: أن يُفَكَّ مِنَ العَدوِّ، وجَرَت بذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ. قال مُطَرِّفٌ: العَقلُ: المَعقُلَةُ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3974>بابُ الهُدنَةِ على أن يَرُدَّ الإمامُ مَن جاءَ بَلَدَه مُسلِمًا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ</span>\n\n١٨٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ قال: صالَحَ النَبِىُّ -ﷺ- المُشرِكينَ يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ على ثَلاثَةِ أشياءَ؛ على أن مَن أتاه مِنَ المُشرِكينَ رَدَّه إلَيهِم، ومَن أتاهُم مِنَ المُسلِمينَ لَم يَرُدّوه، وعَلَى أن يَدخُلَها مِن قابِلٍ فيُقيمَ بها ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، ولا يَدخُلَها إلَّا بجُلُبّانِ السِّلاحِ؛ السَّيفِ والقَوسِ ونَحوِه، فجاءَ أبو جَندَلٍ يَحجُلُ فى قُيودِه، فرَدَّه إلَيهِم (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى حُذَيفَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما صالَحَ قُرَيشًا يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الغفلة\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٩١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٧٩٥، ٦٧٩٩) من طريق أبى حذيفة به. وأحمد (١٨٦٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٧٠٠).","vol":"19","page":142},{"text":"الحُدَيبيَةِ قال لِعَلِىٍّ: \"اكتُبْ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ\". فقالَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو: لا نَعرِفُ الرَّحمَنَ الرَّحيمَ، اكتُبْ: باسمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِعَلِىٍّ: \"اكتُبْ: باسمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ\". فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِعَلِىٍّ: \"اكتُبْ: هذا ما صالَحَ عَلَيه محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ\". فقالَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو: لَو نَعلَمُ أنَّكَ رسولُ اللهِ لَصَدَّقناكَ ولَم نُكَذِّبْكَ؛ اكتُبِ اسمَكَ واسمَ أبيكَ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِعَلِىٍّ: \"اكتُبْ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ\". وكَتَبَ: مَن أتانا مِنكُم رَدَدناه عَلَيكُم، ومَن أتاكُم مِنّا تَرَكناه عَلَيكُم. فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ نُعطيهِم هذا؟ قال: \"مَن أتاهُم مِنّا فأَبعَدَه اللهُ، ومَن أتانا مِنهُم فرَدَدناه عَلَيهِم جَعَلَ اللهُ ﷿ له فرَجًا ومَخرَجًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عَفّانَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن مَروانَ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ فى قِصَّةَ الحُدَيبيَةِ وخُروجِ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وأَنَّه لما انتَهَى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَرَى بَينَهُما القَولُ حَتَّى وقَعَ الصُّلحُ على أن تُوضَعَ الحَربُ بَينَهُما عَشرَ سِنينَ، وأَن يأمَنَ النّاسُ بَعضُهُم مِن بعضٍ، وأَن يَرجِعَ عَنهُم عامَهَم ذَلِكَ حَتَّى إذا كان العامُ المُقبِلُ (^٣) قَدِمَها، خَلَّوا بَينَه وبَينَ مَكَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣٣٢٣)، وابن حبان (٤٨٧٠) من طريق هدبة بن خالد به. وأحمد (١٣٨٢٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٨٤/ ٩٣).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"الثانى\".","vol":"19","page":143},{"text":"فأَقامَ بها ثَلاثًا، وأَنَّه لا يَدخُلُها إلَّا بسِلاحِ الرّاكِبِ والسُّيوفِ فى القُرُبِ، وأَنَّه مَن أتانا مِن أصحابِكَ بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّه لَم نَرُدَّه عَلَيكَ، وأَنَّه مَن أتاكَ مِنّا بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّه رَدَدتَه عَلَينا. وذَكَرَ الحديث فى كِتْبةِ الصَّحيفَةِ قال: فإِنَّ الصَّحيفَةَ لَتُكتَبُ إذ طَلَعَ أبو جَندَلِ ابنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو يَرسُفُ فى الحَديدِ، وقَد كان أبوه حَبَسَه فأَفلَتَ، فلَمّا رآه سُهَيلٌ قامَ إلَيه فضَرَبَ وجهَه، وأَخَذَ [يُلَبِّبُه يَتُلُّه] (^١)، وقالَ: يا محمدُ قَد ولَجَتِ القَضيَّةُ بينِى وبَينَكَ قبلَ أن يأتيَكَ هذا. قال: \"صَدَقتَ\". وصاحَ أبو جَندَلٍ بأَعلَى صوتِه: يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ أأُرَدُّ إلَى المُشرِكينَ يَفتِنونِى فى دينِى؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لأبِى جَندَلِ: \"أبا جَندَلٍ، اصبِرْ واحتَسِبْ فإِن اللهَ جاعِلٌ لَكَ ولمَن مَعَكَ مِنَ المُستَضعَفينَ فرَجًا ومَخرَجًا، إنّا قَد صالَحنا هَؤُلاءِ القَومَ، وجَرَى بَينَنا وبَينَهُمُ العَهدُ، وإِنّا لا نَغدِرُ\". فقامَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ يَمشِى إلَى جَنبِ أبى جَندَلٍ وأَبوه يَتُلُّه، وهو يقولُ: أبا جَندَلٍ، اصبِرْ واحتَسِبْ؛ فإِنَّما هم المُشرِكونَ، وإِنَّما دَمُ أحَدِهِم دَمُ كَلبٍ. وجَعَلَ عُمَرُ يُدنِى مِنه قائمَ السَّيفِ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: رَجَوتُ أن يأخُذَه فيَضرِبَ به أباه فضَنَّ بأَبيه. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى التَّحَلُّلِ مِنَ العُمرَةِ والرُّجوعِ. قالا: ولما قَدِمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ واطمأنَّ بها أفلَتَ إلَيه أبو بَصيرٍ عُتبَةُ بنُ أَسيدِ بنِ جاريَةَ الثَّقَفِىُّ حَليفُ بَنى زُهرَةَ، فكَتَبَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فيه الأخنَسُ بنُ شَريقٍ والأزهَرُ بنُ عبدِ عَوفٍ، وبَعَثا بكِتابِهِما مَعَ مَولًى لَهُما ورَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَىٍّ استأجَراه\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بلبته فتله\"، وكتب فى الأصل فوق المثبت: \"خ، ر\". ولببت الرجل ولبَّبْتُه: إذا جعلتَ\nفى عنقه ثوبًا أو غيره وجررته به، وتله: صرعه وألقاه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٩٣، ١٩٥، ٤/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"19","page":144},{"text":"لَيَرُدَّ عَلَيهِما صاحِبَهُما أبا بَصيرٍ، فقَدِما على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فدَفَعا إلَيه كِتابَهُما، فدَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أبا بَصيرٍ، فقالَ له: \"يا أبا بَصيرٍ إنَّ هَؤُلاءِ القَومَ قَد صالَحونا على ما قَد عَلِمتَ، وإِنّا لا نَغدِرُ، فالحَقْ بقَومِكَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ تَرُدُّنِى إلَى المُشرِكينَ يَفتِنونِى فى دينِى ويَعبَثونَ بى؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اصبِر يا أبا بَصيرٍ واحتَسِبْ، فإِنّ اللهَ جاعِلٌ لَكَ ولِمَن مَعَكَ مِنَ المُستَضعَفينَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ فرَجًا ومَخرَجًا\". قال: فخَرَجَ أبو بَصيرٍ وخَرَجا، حَتَّى إذا كانوا بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ جَلَسوا إلَى سُورِ جِدارٍ، فقالَ أبو بَصيرٍ لِلعامِرِىِّ: أصارِمٌ سَيفُكَ هذا يا أخا بَنِى عامِرٍ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: أنظُرُ إلَيه؟ قال: إن شِئتَ. فاستَلَّه فضَرَبَ به عُنُقَه، وخَرَجَ المَولَى يَشتَدُّ، فطَلَعَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو جالِسٌ فى المَسجِدِ فلَمّا رآه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"هذا رَجُلٌ قَد رأى فزَعًا\". فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَيه قال: \"ويحَكَ ما لَكَ؟ \". قال: قَتَلَ صاحِبُكُم صاحِبِى. فما بَرِحَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ أبو بَصيرٍ مُتَوَشِّحًا السَّيفَ، فوَقَفَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ وفَتْ ذِمَّتُكَ، وأَدَّى اللهُ عَنكَ، وقَدِ امتَنَعتُ بنَفسِى عن المُشرِكينَ أن يَفتِنونِى فى دينِى أو أن يَعبَثوا بى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ويلُ أُمِّه مِحَشَّ (^١) حَربٍ لَو كان مَعَه رِجالٌ\". فخَرَجَ أبو بَصيرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بالعِيصِ، وكانَ طَريقَ أهلِ مَكَّةَ إلَى الشّامِ، فسَمِعَ به مَن كان بمَكَّةَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وبِما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فيه، فلَحِقوا به حَتَّى كان فى عُصبَةٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَريبٍ مِنَ السِّتّينَ أوِ السَّبعينَ، فكانوا لا\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"مسعر\". ومحش حرب: أى محركها وملهبها كالمِحش، وهو العود الذى يحرك به النار\nلتتقد وتلتهب. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢١٤.","vol":"19","page":145},{"text":"يَظفَرونَ برَجُلٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ إلَّا قَتَلوه، ولا تَمُرُّ عَلَيهِم عيرٌ إلَّا اقتَطَعوها، حَتَّى كَتَبَت فيها قُرَيشٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَسأَلونَه بأَرحامِهِم لَما آواهُم، فلا حاجَةَ لَنا بهِم. ففَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَدِموا عَلَيه المَدينَةَ (^١).\n\n١٨٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ. فذَكَرَ هذه القَصَّةَ قال فيها: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ويلُ أُمِّه مِسعَرَ حَربٍ لَو كان مَعَه أحَدٌ\". وجاءَ أبو بَصيرٍ بسَلَبِه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: خَمِّسْ يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"إنِّى إذا خَمَّستُه لَم أُوفِ لهم بالَّذِى عاهَدتُهُم عَلَيه، ولكن شأنَكَ بسَلَبِ صاحِبِكَ، واذهَبْ حَيثُ شِئتَ\". فخَرَجَ أبو بَصيرٍ مَعَه خَمسَةُ نَفَرٍ كانوا قَدِموا مَعَه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مِن مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى كانوا بَينَ العِيصِ وذِى المَروَةِ مِن أرضِ جُهَينَةَ على طَريقِ عِيراتِ (^٢) قُرَيشٍ ممّا يَلِى سِيفَ البحرِ، لا يَمُرُّ بهِم عيرٌ لِقُرَيشٍ إلَّا أخَذوها، وقَتَلوا أصحابَها، وانفَلَتَ أبو جَندَلِ ابنُ سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو فى سبعينَ راكِبًا أسلَموا وهاجَروا، فلَحِقوا بأَبِى بَصيرٍ، وكَرِهوا أن يَقدَموا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى هُدنَةِ المُشرِكينَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ما بَعدَه بمَعنَى ما تَقَدَّمَ وأَتَمَّ مِنه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٨٤٠).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"عيران\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣.","vol":"19","page":146},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3975>بابُ نَقضِ الصُّلحِ فيما لا يَجوزُ</span>\nوهو تَركُ رَدِّ النِّساءِ إن كُنَّ دَخَلْنَ فى الصُّلحِ.\n\n١٨٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: بَلَغَنا أنَّه قاضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُشرِكِى قُرَيشٍ على المُدَّةِ التى جَعَلَ بَينَه وبَينَهُم يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، أنزَلَ اللهُ فيما قَضَى به بَينَهُم، فأَخبَرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ مَروانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرَ بنَ مَخرَمَةَ يُخبِرانِ عن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما كاتَبَ سُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو يَومَئذٍ، كان فيما اشتَرَطَ سُهَيلُ بنُ عمرٍو على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه لا يأتيكَ مِنّا أحَدٌ وإِن كان على دينِكَ إلَّا رَدَدتَه إلَينا فخَلَّيتَ بَينَنا وبَينَه. فكَرِهَ المُؤمِنونَ ذَلِكَ وأَلغَطوا به. أو قال كَلِمَةً أُخرَى -قال الإمامُ أحمدُ (^١) ﵀: لَم يُقِمْ شَيِخُنا هذه الكَلِمَةَ، ورأيتُه فى نُسخَةٍ: وامتَعَظوا (^٢) - وأَبَى سُهَيلٌ إلَّا ذَلِكَ، فكاتَبَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ورَدَّ يَومَئذٍ أبا جَندَلٍ إلَى أبيه سُهَيلِ بنِ عمرٍو، ولَم يأتِه أحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجالِ إلَّا رَدَّه فى تِلكَ المُدَّةِ وإِن كان مُسلِمًا، وجاءَ المُؤمِناتُ، وكانَت أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ ممَّن خَرَجَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَئذٍ، وهِىَ عاتِقٌ (^٣)، فجاءَ أهلُها يَسأَلونَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَرجِعْها إليهِم فلَم يَرجِعْها\n_________\n(^١) هو المصنف ﵀.\n(^٢) ينظر الكلام على هذه اللفظة فى مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٨٦.\n(^٣) قال الخطابى: يقال: جارية عاتق، وهى التى قاربت الإدراك، ويقال: بل هى المدركة. معالم السنن ١/ ٢٥٠. والإدراك: البلوغ.","vol":"19","page":147},{"text":"إليهِم لِما أنزَلَ اللهُ فيهِنَّ: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]. قال عُروَةُ: فأَخبَرَتنِى عائشَةُ -﵂- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَمتَحِنُهُنَّ بهَذِه الآيَةِ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ﴾ الآية [الممتحنة: ١٢]. قال عُروَةُ: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فمَن أقَرَّ بهَذا الشَّرطِ مِنهُنَّ قال لَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد بايَعتُكِ\". كَلامًا يُكَلِّمُها به، واللهِ ما مَسَّتْ يَدُه يَدَ امرأةٍ قَطُّ فى المُبايَعَةِ، ما بايَعَهُنَّ إلَّا بقَولِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أن محمدَ بنَ ثَورٍ حَدَّثَهُم، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- زَمَنَ الحُدَيبيَةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعنَى ما مَضَى، زادَ: ثُمَّ جاءَ نِسوَةٌ مُؤمِناتٌ مُهاجِراتٌ، الآيَة (^٣)، فنَهاهُمُ اللهُ أن يَرُدّوهُنَّ وأَمَرَهُم أن يَرُدّوا الصَّداقَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٧٧٣)، وفى الدلائل ٤/ ١٧٠. وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٧٤٨) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٨٦، ٥٢٨٧).\n(^٣) قال صاحب عون المعبود ٧/ ٣١٨: كذا فى النسخ، والظاهر أنه سقط بعض الألفاظ من هذا المقام. اهـ. قلت: ولعله على حكاية معنى الآية وما بعدها، فلا يكون هنا سقط.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧٦٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٢٧٧٠) من طريق محمد بن ثور به. والبخارى (١٨١١) من طريق معمر به. وعندهما مختصر.","vol":"19","page":148},{"text":"١٨٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ قال: دَخَلتُ على عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وقَد كَتَبَ إلَيه ابنُ أبى هُنَيدَةَ (^١) يَسأَلُه عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ﴾. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُروَةُ: إن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان صالَحَ أهلَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، وشَرَطَ لَهُم أنَّه مَن أتاه بغَيرِ إذنِ وليِّه رَدَّه عَلَيهِم. فلَمّا هاجَرَ المُسلِماتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَه اللهُ بامتِحانِهِنَّ؛ فإِن كُنَّ جِئنَ رَغبَةً فى الإسلامِ لَم يَرُدَّهُنَ عَلَيهِم، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ﴾. فحَبَسَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النِّساءَ ورَدَّ الرِّجالَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قالا: هاجَرَتْ أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبى مُعَيطٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عامَ الحُدَيبيَةِ، فجاءَ أخَواها الوَليدُ وفُلانٌ ابنا عُقبَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَطلُبانِها فأَبَى أن يَرُدَّها عَلَيهِما (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى فى رِوايَةِ مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ فى صُلحِ حُدَيبيَةَ، فقالَ سُهَيلٌ على ألَّا يأتيكَ مِنّا رَجُلٌ وإِن كان على دينِكَ إلَّا رَدَدتَه إلَينا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"هنيد\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٨٤٢).\n(^٣) تقدم ضمن حديث (١٨٨٦٦).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٨٨٤٠).","vol":"19","page":149},{"text":"وفِى ذَلِكَ دلالَةٌ على أن النِّساءَ لَم يَدخُلنَ فى هذا الشَّرطِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3976>بابُ مَن جاءَ مِن عَبيدِ (^١) أهلِ الهُدنَةِ مُسلِمًا</span>\n\n١٨٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: وإِن هاجَرَ عبدٌ أو أمَةٌ لِلمُشرِكينَ أهلِ العَهدِ لَم يُرَدّوا، ورُدَّت أثمانُهُم. أخرَجَه محمدٌ فى \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3977>بابُ مَن جاءَ مِن عَبيدِ أهلِ الحَربِ مُسلِمًا</span>\n\n١٨٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ قانِعٍ قاضِى الحَرَمَينِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلَمةَ الحَرّانِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أبانِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن رِبعِىِّ بنِ حِراشٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ قال: خَرَجَ عبدانِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ قبلَ الصُّلحِ فكَتَبَ إلَيه مَواليهِم، قالوا: يا محمدُ واللهِ ما خَرَجوا إلَيكَ رَغبَةً فى دينِكَ؛ وإِنَّما خَرَجوا هَرَبًا مِنَ الرِّقِّ. فقالَ ناسٌ: صَدَقوا يا رسولَ اللهِ، رُدَّهُم إلَيهِم. فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"ما\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"عند\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٨٦، ٥٢٨٧).","vol":"19","page":150},{"text":"أُراكُم تَنتَهونَ يا مَعشَرَ قُرَيشٍ حَتَّى يبعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيكُم مَن يَضرِبُ رِقابَكُم على هذا\". وأَبَى أن يَرُدَّهُم، وقالَ: \"هُم عُتَقاءُ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٨٨٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُكَدَّمِ الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: لما حاصَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أهلَ الطّائفِ خَرَجَ إلَيه رَقيقٌ مِن رَقيقِهِم؛ أبو بكرَةَ وكانَ عبدًا لِلحارِثِ بنِ كَلَدَةَ، والمُنبَعِثُ، ويُحَنِّسُ، ووَردانُ، فى رَهطٍ مِن رَقيقِهِم، فأَسلَموا، فلَمّا قَدِمَ وفدُ أهلِ الطّائفِ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَسلَموا، قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ رُدَّ عَلَينا رَقيقَنا الَّذينَ أتَوكَ. فقالَ: \"لا، أولئكَ عُتَقاءُ اللهِ ﷿\". ورَدَّ على كُلِّ رَجُلٍ ولاءَ عبدِه، فجَعَلَه إلَيهِ (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n١٨٨٧٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعتَقَ مَن خَرَجَ إلَيه يَومَ الطّائفِ مِن عَبِيدِ المُشرِكينَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٥. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٧٠٠) عن عبد العزيز به. وأحمد (١٣٣٦)، والترمذى (٣٧١٥) من طريق منصور به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٤٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ١٥٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٩)، وأبو يعلى (٢٥٦٤)، والطبرانى (١٢٥٧٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به.","vol":"19","page":151},{"text":"١٨٨٧٤ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن أربَعَةَ أعبُدٍ وثَبوا إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- زَمَنَ الطّائفِ فأَعتَقَهُم (^١).\n\n١٨٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن عبدَينِ خَرَجا مِنَ الطّائفِ فأَسلَما فأَعتَقَهُما رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ أحَدُهُما أبو بكرَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: وإِن هاجَرَ عبدٌ مِنهُم -يَعنى أهلَ الحَربِ- أو أمَةٌ، فهُما حُرَّانِ، ولهما ما لِلمُهاجِرينَ (^٣). أَخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيحِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ١٢٧ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ٢٧٨ من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وأحمد (٢١١١، ٢١٧٦)، والدارمى (٢٥٥٠) من طريق الحجاج به. وأبو بكرة هو نفيع بن الحارث، كان من فضلاء الصحابة، تدلى إلى النبى -ﷺ- من حصن الطائف ببكرة، فاشتهر بأبى بكرة. توفى سنة (٥٠ هـ) أو بعدها. الإصابة ١١/ ١٢٠.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٨٨٧٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٢٨٦).","vol":"19","page":152},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3978>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه إنَّما أعتَقَهُم بالإسلامِ والخُروجِ مِن بلادٍ مَنصوبٍ عَلَيها الحَربُ</span>\n\n١٨٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: جاءَ عبدٌ فبايَعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- على الهِجرَةِ ولَم يَشعُرْ أنَّه عبدٌ، فجاءَ سَيِّدُه يُريدُه، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"بعنيه\". فاشتَراه بعَبدَينِ أسوَدَينِ، ثُمَّ لَم يُبايِعْ أحَدًا بَعدُ حَتَّى يَسأَلَه: أعَبدٌ هوَ؟ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَو كان الإسلامُ يُعتِقُه لَم يَشتَرِ مِنه حُرًّا، ولَكِنَّه أسلَمَ غَيرَ خارجٍ مِن بلادٍ مَنصوبٍ عَلَمها الحَربُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3979>بابُ الوَفاءِ بالعَهدِ إذا كان العَقدُ مُباحًا وما ورَدَ مِنَ التَّشديدِ فى نَقضِه</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ﴾ [المائدة: ١].\n\n١٨٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٥٨)، والترمذى (١٢٣٩، ١٥٩٦)، والنسائى (٤١٩٥، ٤٦٣٥) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (١٠٦٢٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٠٢/ ١٢٣).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٢٩٠.","vol":"19","page":153},{"text":"عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أربَعٌ مَن كُنَّ فيه كان مُنافِقًا خالِصًا، ومَن كان فيه خَصلَةٌ مِنهُنَّ كانَت فيه خَصلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفاقِ حَتَّى يَدَعَها؛ إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإِذا عاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وإِذا وعَدَ أخلَفَ، وإِذا خاصَمَ فجَرَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كشمَرْدُ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الغادِرَ يُنصَبُ له لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ، فيُقالُ: هذه غَدرَةُ فُلانٍ\". هَذا لَفظُ حَديثِ إسماعيلَ، وفِى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٥٢)، وفى الآداب (٤١٠). والحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ١١. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٦٨)، وأبو داود (٤٦٨٨)، والترمذى (٢٦٣٢). وابن حبان (٢٥٤) من طريق ابن نمير به. والنسائى (٥٠٣٥)، وابن حبان (٢٥٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٨/ ١٠٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٤)، ومسلم (٥٨/ ١٠٦).\n(^٤) تقدم الكلام على ضبطه فى (٧٥١٨).","vol":"19","page":154},{"text":"رِوايَةِ مالكٍ: \"إنَّ الغادِرَ يُنصَبُ له لِواءٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ، فيُقالُ: هذه غَدرَةُ فُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى ابنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ النَّمَرِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الفَيضِ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عامِرٍ، رَجُلٌ مِن حِميَرَ قال: كان بَينَ مُعاويَةَ وبَينَ الرُّومِ عَهدٌ، وكانَ يَسيرُ نَحوَ بلادِهِم حَتَّى إذا انقَضَى العَهدُ غَزاهُم، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ على فرَسٍ أو برذَونٍ، وهو يقولُ: اللهُ أكبَرُ! اللهُ أكبَرُ! وفاءٌ لا غَدرٌ. فنَظَروا، فإِذا عمرُو بنُ عَبَسَةَ، فأَرسَلَ إلَيه مُعاويَةُ فسألَه، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن كان بَينَه وبَينَ قَومٍ عَهدٌ فلا يَشُدَّ عُقدَةً ولا يَحُلَّها حَتَّى يَنقَضِىَ أمَدُها أو يَنبِذَ إلَيهِم على سواءٍ\". فرَجَعَ مُعاويَةُ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الفَيضِ، عن سُلَيمِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: كان بَينَ مُعاويَةَ وبَينَ الرُّومِ عَهدٌ. فذَكَرَه.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٥٦)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية محمد بن الحسن (٩٩٣)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٦٥٠٥، ٦٥٠٦، ٦٥١١). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٧٣٦)، وابن حبان (٧٣٤٢) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٥١٩٢، ٥٨٠٤)، من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦١٧٨)، ومسلم (١٧٣٥/ ١٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٧٥٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٩٧).","vol":"19","page":155},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ (^١) وأبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ (^٢) وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (^٣) وجَماعَةٌ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٨٨٢ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جَوشَنٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن قَتَلَ مُعاهَدًا فى غَيرِ كُنهِه (^٥) حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ\" (^٦).\n\n١٨٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ الخُراسانِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِىُّ، قالا: أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ (^٧) اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا بَشيرُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما نَقَضَ قَومٌ العَهدَ قَطُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٥٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبى بكير به.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٢٥١)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٥٨٠) وقال: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الجارود (١٠٦٩)، والمصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٥٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠١٥) من طريق غندر عن شعبة. وفى (١٧٠٢٥) من طريق غندر وعبد الرحمن بن مهدى عن شعبة به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٧٣٢) من طريق معتمر بن سليمان عن شعبة. وابن حبان (٤٨٧١) من طريق محمد بن يزيد عن شعبة به.\n(^٥) أى حقيقته. وقيل: وقته وقدره. وقيل: غايته. يعنى فى قتله فى غير وقته أو غاية أمره الذى يجوز فيه قتله. النهاية ٤/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٦) الطيالسى (٩٢٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٧٧)، وأبو داود (٢٧٦٠)، والنسائى (٤٧٦١) من طريق عيينة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٩٨).\n(^٧) فى س، م: \"عبد\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٥٥٣، ٥٥٤.","vol":"19","page":156},{"text":"إلَّا كان القَتلُ بَينَهُم، ولا ظَهَرَتِ الفاحِشَةُ فى قَومٍ قَطُّ إلَّا سَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيهِمُ المَوتَ، ولا مَنَعَ قَومٌ الزَّكاةَ إلَّا حَبَسَ اللهُ عَنهُمُ القَطرَ\" (^١).\nخالَفَه الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ فرَواه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مِن قَولِه أتَمَّ مِنه (^٢).\nوروِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا إيمانَ لمن لا أمانَةَ له، ولا دِينَ لمن لا عَهدَ له\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3980>بابٌ: لا يوفَى مِنَ العُهودِ بما يَكونُ مَعصيَةً</span>\n\n١٨٨٨٥ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ الملِكِ الأيلىِّ، عن القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٢٦. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٨٠٥: سنده صالح. وتقدم فى (٦٤٦٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٦٤٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٠١٩)، والبزار (٦١٧٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٥٤). وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٨٠٥: سنده قوى، وفى القرآن آيات فى وفاء العهد. وتقدم فى (١٢٨١٥).","vol":"19","page":157},{"text":"ابنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن نَذَرَ أن يُطيعَ اللهَ فليُطِعْه، ومَن نَذَرَ أن يَعصىَ اللهَ فلا يَعصِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٨٦ - قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأَسَرَ المُشرِكونَ امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ وأَخَذوا ناقَةً لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فانفَلَتَت الأنصاريَّةُ على ناقَةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فنَذَرَت إن نَجّاها اللهُ عَلَيها أن تَنحَرَها، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ\". أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَميِنه\".\n\n١٨٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ يَعنى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٤٩)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٧٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٠٧٥، ٢٤١٤١)، وأبو داود (٣٢٨٩)، والترمذى (١٥٢٦)، والنسائى (٣٨١٥، ٣٨١٦)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٤١)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨٧، ٤٣٨٩)، وسيأتى فى (٢٠٠٨٣، ٢٠١١٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٩٦، ٦٧٠٠).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٢٩٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤١/ ٨).","vol":"19","page":158},{"text":"أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُطَّلِبِ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وليُكَفِّر عن يَمينِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فأَعلَمَ أنَّ طاعَةَ اللهِ ألَّا يَفِىَ باليَمينِ إذا كان غَيرُها خَيرًا وأَن يُكَفِّرَ بما فرَضَ اللهُ مِنَ الكَفّارَةِ، وكُلُّ هذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه إنَّما يوفَى بكُلِّ عَقدِ نَذرٍ وعَهدٍ لِمُسلِمٍ أو مُشرِكٍ كان مُباحًا لا مَعصيَةَ للهِ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3981>بابُ نَقضِ أهلِ العَهدِ أو بَعضِهِمُ العَهدَ</span>\n\n١٨٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصَّةِ بَنِى النَّضيرِ وما أجمَعوا عَلَيه مِنَ المكرِ بالنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: فلَمّا كان الغَدُ غَدا عَلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالكَتائبِ، فحَصَرَهُم، فقالَ لَهُم: \"إنَّكُم واللهِ لا تأمَنونَ عِندِى إلَّا بعَهدٍ تُعاهِدونِى عَلَيه\". فأَبَوا أن يُعطوه عَهدًا فقاتَلَهُم يَومَهُم ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ غَدا على بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ بالكَتائبِ، وتَرَكَ بَنِى النَّضيرِ ودَعاهُم إلَى أن يُعاهِدوه، فعاهَدوه، فانصَرَفَ عَنهُم وغَدا إلَى بَنى النَّضيرِ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (١٩٩٨٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٠/ ١٣).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٨٥.","vol":"19","page":159},{"text":"بالكَتائبِ، فقاتَلَهُم حَتَّى نَزَلوا على الجَلاءِ، فهَذا عَهدُ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ (^١).\nوأَمّا نَقضُهُمُ العَهدَ ففيما:\n\n١٨٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ رومانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، قال: وحَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ القُرَظىِّ وعُثمانَ بنِ يَهوذا أحَدِ بَنِى عمرِو بنِ قُرَيظَةَ، عن رِجالٍ مِن قَومِه قالوا: كان الَّذينَ حَزَّبوا الأحزابَ نَفَرٌ مِن بَنِى النَّضيرِ ونَفَرٌ مِن بَنِى وائلٍ، وكانَ مِن بَنى النَّضيرِ حُيَىُّ بنُ أخطَبَ وكِنانَةُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ أبى الحُقَيقِ وأبو عَمّارٍ، ومِن بَنى وائلٍ حَىٌّ مِنَ الأنصارِ مِن أوسِ اللهِ وحْوَحُ بنُ عمرٍو، ورِجالٌ مِنهُم، خَرَجوا حَتَّى قَدِموا على قُرَيشٍ فدَعَوهُم إلَى حَربِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فنَشِطوا لِذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ القِصَّةَ فى خُروجِ أبى سُفيانَ ابنِ حَربٍ والأحزابِ. قال: وخَرَجَ حُيَىُّ بنُ أخطَبَ حَتَّى أتَى كَعبَ بنَ أسَدٍ صاحِبَ عَقدِ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ وعَهدِهِم، فلَمّا سَمِعَ به كَعبٌ أغلَقَ حِصنَه دونَه، فقالَ: ويحَكَ يا كَعبُ، افتَحْ لى حَتَّى أدخُلَ عَلَيكَ. فقالَ: ويحَكَ يا حُيَىُّ إنَّكَ امرُؤٌ مَشئومٌ، وإِنَّه لا حاجَةَ لى بكَ ولا بما جِئتَنِى به، إنِّى لَم أرَ مِن محمدٍ إلَّا صِدقًا ووَفاءً، وقَد وادَعَنِى ووادَعتُه فدَعنى وارجِعْ عَنِّى. فقالَ: واللهِ إنْ غَلَّقتَ دونِى إلَّا عن جَشيشَتِكَ (^٢) أن آكُلَ مَعَكَ مِنها.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٠٠٤)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٧٣٣). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٥٩٥).\n(^٢) فى م: \"خشيتك\". والجشيشة: أن تطحن الحنطة طحنًا جليلا ثم ينصب له القدر ويلقى معه اللحم =","vol":"19","page":160},{"text":"فأَحفَظَه (^١)، ففَتَحَ له فلَمّا دَخَلَ عَلَيه قال له: ويحَكَ يا كَعبُ، جِئتُكَ بعِزِّ الدَّهرِ؛ بقُرَيشٍ مَعَها قادَتُها حَتَّى أنزَلتُها برومَةَ، وجِئتُكَ بغَطَفانَ على قادَتِها وسادَتِها حَتَّى أنزَلتُها إلَى جانِبِ أُحُدٍ، جِئتُكَ ببَحرٍ طامٍّ (^٢) لا يَرُدُّه شَئٌ. فقالَ: جِئتَنِى واللهِ بالذُّلِّ، ويلَكَ فدَعْنِى وما أنا عَلَيه؛ فإِنَّه لا حاجَةَ لِى بكَ ولا بما تَدعونِى إلَيه. فلَم يَزَلْ حُيَىُّ بنُ أخطَبَ يَفتِلُه فى الذِّروَةِ والغارِبِ (^٣) حَتَّى أطاعَ له وأَعطاه حُيَىٌّ العَهدَ والميثاقَ؛ لَئن رَجَعَت قُرَيشٌ وغَطَفانُ قبلَ أن يُصيبوا محمدًا لأدخُلَنَّ مَعَكَ فى حِصنِكَ حَتَّى يُصيبَنِى ما أصابَكَ. فنَقَضَ كَعبٌ العَهدَ وأَظهَرَ البَراءَةَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وما كان بَينَه وبَينَه. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قال: لما بَلَغَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَبَرُ كَعبٍ ونَقضُ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ بَعَثَ إلَيهِم سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ وسَعدَ بنَ مُعاذٍ وخَوّاتَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ وعَبدَ اللهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ ليَعلَموا خَبَرَهُم، فلَمّا انتَهَوا إلَيهِم وجَدوهُم على أخبَثِ ما بَلغَهُم. قال ابنُ إسحاقَ: حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ عن شَيخٍ مِن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ سَبَبِ إسلامِ ثَعلَبَةَ وأَسيدٍ ابنَى سَعيَةَ وأَسَدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ ونُزولِهِم عن حِصنِ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ، وإِسلامِهِم، وخَرَجَ فى تِلكَ اللَّيلَةِ فيما زَعَمَ\n_________\n= ليطبخ. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٥٧.\n(^١) أحفظه: أغضبه. الفائق ٢/ ٤٩.\n(^٢) الطام: الماء الكثير. التاج ٣٣/ ٢٧ (ط م م).\n(^٣) الغارب: مقدم السنام، والذروة: أعلاه. أراد أنه ما زال يخادعه ويتلطفه حتى أجابه، والأصل فيه أن الرجل إذا أراد أن يؤنس البعير الصعب ليزمه وينقاد له جعل يمر يده عليه ويمسح غاربه ويفتل وبره حتى يستأنس ويضع فيه الزمام. اللسان ١/ ٦٤٢ (غ ر ب).","vol":"19","page":161},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ عمرُو بنُ سَعدِىٍّ القُرَظىُّ، فمَرَّ بحَرَسِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعَليه محمدُ ابنُ مَسلَمَةَ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ، فلَمّا رآه قال: مَن هَذا؟ قال: أنا عمرُو بنُ سَعدِىٍّ، وكانَ عمرٌو قَد أبَى أن يَدخُلَ مَعَ بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ فى غَدرِهِم، وقالَ: لا أغدِرُ بمُحَمَّدٍ أبَدًا. فقالَ محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ حينَ عَرَفَه: اللَّهُمَّ لا تَحرِمْنِى عَثَراتِ الكِرامِ. ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبيلَه فخَرَجَ حَتَّى باتَ فى مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فلَم يُدرَ أينَ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الأرضِ، فذُكِرَ شأنُه لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ نَجّاه اللهُ بوَفائه\" (^١).\nوذَكَرَ موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ فى هذه القِصَّةِ: أن حُييًّا لَم يَزَل بهِم حَتَّى شأمَهُم (^٢)، فاجتَمَعَ مَلَؤُهُم على الغَدرِ على أمرِ رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ، غَيرَ أسَدٍ وأَسيدٍ وثَعلَبَةَ، خَرَجوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن يَهودَ النَّضيرِ وقُرَيظَةَ حارَبوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَجلَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَنِى النَّضيرِ، وأَقَرَّ قُرَيظَةَ ومَنَّ عَلَيهِم، حَتَّى حارَبَت قُرَيظَةُ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ فقَتَلَ رِجالَهُم وقَسَمَ نِساءَهُم وأَموالَهُم وأَولادَهُم بَينَ المُسلِمينَ، إلَّا بَعضَهُم لَحِقوا برسولِ الله -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٤٠٨ - ٤١٠، ٤٢٨ - ٤٣١، ٤/ ٣١، ٣٢.\n(^٢) شأمهم: إذا جر عليهم الشؤم، أو أصابهم شؤم من قبله. التاج ٣٢/ ٤٤٦ (ش أ م).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٣/ ٣٩٨ - ٤٠٣.","vol":"19","page":162},{"text":"فأَمَّنَهُم وأَسلَموا (^١). أَخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ إن نَقَضَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم فقاتَلَ كان لِلإِمامِ قِتالُ جَماعَتِهِم، قَد أعانَ على خُزاعَةَ وهُم فى عَقدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ فشَهِدوا قِتالَهُم، فغَزا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قُرَيشًا عامَ الفَتحِ بغَدرِ النَّفَرِ الثَّلاثَةِ وتَركِ الباقينَ مَعونَةَ خُزاعَةَ، وإيوائهِم مَن قاتَلَ خُزاعَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ والمِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّهُما حَدَّثاه جَميعًا قالا: كان فى صُلحِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ بَينَه وبَينَ قُرَيشٍ: أنَّه مَن شاءَ أن يَدخُلَ فى عَقدِ محمدٍ وعَهدِه دَخَلَ، ومَن شاءَ أن يَدخُلَ فى عَقدِ قُرَيشٍ وعَهدِهِم دَخَلَ. فتَواثَبَت خُزاعَةُ، فقالوا: نَحنُ نَدخُلُ فى عَقدِ محمدٍ وعَهدِه. وتَواثَبَت بَنو بكرٍ فقالوا: نَحنُ نَدخُلُ فى عَقدِ قُرَيشٍ وعَهدِهِم. فمَكَثوا فى تِلك الهُدنَةِ نَحوَ السَّبعَةَ أوِ الثَّمانيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهرًا، ثُمَّ إنَّ بَنِى بكرٍ الَّذينَ كانوا دَخَلوا فى عَقدِ قُرَيشٍ وعَهدِهِم وثَبوا على خُزاعَةَ الذينَ دَخَلوا فى عَقدِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٢٩٨٢، ١٨٠٧٦، ١٨٣٠٩، ١٨٧٨٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٠٢٨)، ومسلم (١٧٦٦/ ٦٢).\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١٨٦.","vol":"19","page":163},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعَهدِه لَيلًا بماءٍ لَهُم يُقالُ له: الوَتيرُ (^١) قَريبٍ مِن\nمَكَّةَ، فقالَت قُرَيشٌ: ما يَعلَمُ بنا محمدٌ وهَذا اللَّيلُ، وما يَرانا أحَدٌ. فأَعانوهُم\nعَلَيهِم بالكُراعِ والسِّلاحِ، فقاتَلوهُم مَعَهُم لِلضِّغنِ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وإِنَّ\nعمرَو بنَ سالِمٍ رَكِبَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عِندَما كان مِن أمرِ خُزاعَةَ وبَنِى بكرٍ\nبالوَتيرِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُخبِرُه الخَبَرَ، وقَد قال أبياتَ\nشِعرٍ، فلَقا قَدِمَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنشَدَه إيّاها.\nاللهُمَّ إنِّى ناشِدٌ محمدا ... حِلفَ أبينا وأَبيه الأتلَدا\nكُنّا والِدًا وكُنتَ ولَدا ... ثَمَّتَ أسلَمنا ولَم نَنزِعْ يَدا\nفانصُرْ رسولَ اللهِ نَصرًا عَتَدَا ... وادعوا عِبادَ اللهِ يأتوا مَدَدَا\nفيهِم رسولُ اللهِ قَد تَجَرَّدا ... إن سيمَ خَسفًا وجهُه تَرَبَّدا\nفى فيلَقٍ (^٢) كالبَحرِ يَجرِى مُزبِدا ... إنَّ قُرَيشًا أخلَفوكَ المَوعِدا\nونَقَضوا ميثاقَكَ المُؤَكَّدا ... وزَعَموا أنْ لَستُ أدعو أحَدا\nفهُم أذَلُّ وأَقَلُّ عَدَدا ... قَد جَعَلوا لِى بكَداءٍ مَرصَدا\nهُم بَيَّتونا بالوَتيرِ هُجَّدا ... فقَتَلونا رُكَّعًا وسُجَّدا\nفقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نُصِرتَ يا عمرَو بنَ سالِمٍ\". فما بَرِحَ حَتَّى مَرَّت\nعَنانَةٌ فى السَّماءِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ هذه السَّحابَةَ لَتَستَهِلُّ بنَصرِ بَنِى\n_________\n(^١) الوتير: موضع معروف جنوب غربى مكة على حدود الحرم، يبعد عن مكة (١٦) كيلًا، وهو من ديار خزاعة قديما وحاليا. المعالم الجغرافية ص ٣٣٨.\n(^٢) الفيلق: الكتيبة العظيمة. التاج ٢٦/ ٣١٣ (ف ل ق).","vol":"19","page":164},{"text":"كَعبٍ\". وأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- النّاسَ بالجَهازِ وكَتَمَهُم مَخرَجَه، وسألَ اللهَ أن يُعَمِّىَ على قُرَيشٍ خَبَرَه حَتَّى يَبغَتَهُم فى بلادِهِم (^١).\n\n١٨٨٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ بَنِى نُفاثَةَ مِن بَنِى الدِّيلِ أغاروا على بَنِى كَعبٍ وهُم فى المُدَّةِ التى بَينَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبَينَ قُرَيشٍ، وكانَت بَنو كَعبٍ فى صُلحِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَت بَنو نُفاثَةَ فى صلحِ قُرَيشٍ، فأَعانَت بَنو بكرٍ بَنِى نُفاثَةَ، وأَعانَتهُم قُرَيشٌ بالسِّلاحِ والرَّقيقِ، واعتَزَلَهُم بَنو مُدلِجٍ، ووَفَوا بالعَهدِ. قال: ويَذكُرونَ أن مِمَّن أعانَهُم صَفوانَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ وشَيبَةَ بنَ عثمانَ وسُهَيلَ بنَ عمرٍو، فأَغارَت بَنو الدِّيلِ على بَنِى عمرٍو، وعامَّتُهُم -زَعَموا - النِّساءُ والصِّبيانُ وضُعَفاءُ الرِّجالِ فأَثخَنوهُم، وقَتَلوا مِنهُم حَتَّى أدخَلوهُم دارَ بُدَيلِ بنِ ورقاءَ بمَكَّةَ. قال: فخَرَجَ رَكبٌ مِن بَنِى كَعبٍ حَتَّى أتَوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وذَكَروا له الَّذِى أصابَهُم وما كان مِن قُرَيشٍ عَلَيهِم فى ذَلِكَ والَّذِى أعانوا به عَلَيهِم. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ جَهازَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ودُخولَ أبى بكرٍ عَلَيه، قال: فقالَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أتُريدُ أن تَخرُجَ مَخرَجًا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: لَعَلَّكَ تُريدُ ابنَ الأصفَرِ؟ قال:\"لا\". قال: أفَتُريدُ أهلَ نَجدٍ؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فلَعَلَّكَ تُريدُ قُرَيشًا؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". قال: ألَيسَ بَينَكَ وبَينَهُم مُدَّةٌ؟ قال: \"ألَم يَيلُغْكَ ما صَنَعوا ببَنِى كَعبٍ؟ \". وأَذَّنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٧٨١)، وفى الدلائل ٥/ ٥ - ٧. وتقدم فى (١٨٨٤٢).","vol":"19","page":165},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى النّاسِ بالغَزْوِ (^١).\nوأَمّا الحُكْمُ بَينَ المُعاهَدينَ فقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه فى كِتابِ الحُدودِ والغَصبِ وغَيرِهِما.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3982>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الدُّخولِ على أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ فى كَنائسِهِم والتَّشَبُّهِ بهِم يَومَ نيروزِهِم ومِهرَجانِهِم </span>(^٢)\n\n١٨٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: لا تَعَلَّموا رَطانَةَ الأعاجِمِ ولا تَدخُلوا على المُشرِكينَ فى كَنائسِهِم يَومَ عيدِهِم، فإِنَّ السَّخطَةَ تَنزِلُ عَلَيهِم (^٣).\n\n١٨٨٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ الأصفَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قال: قال لِى ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ: حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ سُلَيمانَ بنَ أبى زَينَبَ وعَمرَو بنَ الحارِثِ، سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ سلمةَ، سَمِعَ أباه، سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: اجتَنِبوا أعداءَ اللهِ فى عيدِهِم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٨٣٢٨).\n(^٢) النيروز: لفظ معرب، وهو اليوم الحادى والعشرون من شهر مارس من السنة الميلادية، وهو عيد الفرح عند الفرس، عيد رأس السنة عندهم، والمهرجان: عيد الخريف عند الفرس. معجم لغة الفقهاء ٢/ ٦٩، ١٠٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٦٨٥) من طريق ثور بن يزيد به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٣٨٥)، والتاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٤.","vol":"19","page":166},{"text":"١٨٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن عَوفٍ، عن الوَليدِ أو أبى الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: مَن بَنَى ببِلادِ الأعاجِمِ، وصَنَعَ نَيروزَهُم ومِهرَجانَهُم، وتَشَبَّهَ بهِم حَتَّى يَموتَ هو كَذَلِكَ حُشِرَ مَعَهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ الإمامُ ﵀: قال الشيخُ أبو سُلَيمانَ ﵀: تَنَى، هو الصَّوابُ.\n\n١٨٨٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن أبى المُغيرَةِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: مَن بَنَى فى بلادِ الأعاجِمِ، فصَنَعَ نَوروزَهُم ومِهرَجانَهُم، وتَشَبَّهَ بهِم حَتَّى يَموتَ وهو كَذَلِكَ حُشِرَ مَعَهُم يَومَ القيامَةِ (^٢).\nوهَكَذا رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ وابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ وغُندَرٌ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ عن عَوفٍ عن أبى المُغيرَةِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو مِن قَولِهِ.\n\n١٨٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره فى النهاية ١/ ١٩٨ فى مادة (ت ن أ)، ومعنى \"تنأ\" أقام. وينظر اللسان ١/ ٤٠ (ت ن أ).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدولابى فى الكنى والأسماء ٢/ ٢٦٣ (٢٦٥٥) عن الحسن بن على به.","vol":"19","page":167},{"text":"زَيدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ بهَديَّةِ النَّيروزِ، فقالَ: ما هَذِهِ؟ قالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ هذا يَومُ النَّيرُوزِ. قال: فاصنَعوا كُلَّ يَومٍ فيروزَ. قال أبو أُسامَةَ: كَرِهَ أن يَقولَ: نَيروزُ.\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى هذا كالكَراهَةِ لِتَخصيصِ يَومٍ بذَلِكَ لَم يَجعَلْه الشَرعُ مَخصوصًا بهِ.","vol":"19","page":168},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3983>كتابُ الصيدِ والذبائحِ</span>\nبسمِ اللهِ الرحمنِ الرحيمِ\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤].\n\n١٨٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن أَبَانِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سَلمَى [أُمِّ رافِعٍ] (^١)، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بقَتلِ الكِلابِ، فقالَ النّاسُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما أُحِلَّ لَنا مِن هذه الأُمَّةِ التى أمَرتَ بقَتلِها؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٨٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٣) علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) فى النسخ: \"أم أبى رافع\"، والمثبت كما فى حاشية الأصل، وهو الصواب كما فى مصادر التخريج. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٣٤، ٣٥/ ١٩٦.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٣١١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه الرويانى (٦٩٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١٠٠، ١٠١، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٥٧، والطبرانى (٩٧١، ٩٧٢) من طريق أبان بن صالح بنحوه مطولًا.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"19","page":169},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أَعْيَنَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أعيَنَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن المُجالِدِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى كِلابًا أصطادُ بها. فقالَ: \"انظُروا هذه الجَوارِحَ؛ عَلِّموهُنَّ مِمّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللهُ، وكُلوا مِمّا أمسَكنَ عَلَيكُم\" (^١).\n\n١٨٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيىَ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ﴾ قال: مِنَ الكِلابِ المُعَلَّمَةِ، والبازِىِّ، وكُلِّ طَيرٍ يُعَلَّمُ لِلصَّيدِ. وفِى قَولِه: ﴿مُكَلِّبِينَ﴾ قال: يقولُ: ضَوارِىَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: الجَوارحُ: الطَّيرُ والكِلابُ (^٣).\nوعن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه: ﴿مُكَلِّبِينَ﴾ قال: تُكالِبونَ الصَّيدَ (^٤).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ﴾ قال: يَعنِى النَّبْلَ. ويُقالُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٢٨٨) من طريق موسى بن أعين به. وأحمد (١٨٢٥٨) من طريق\nمجالد مطولًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١٠٤ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به بنحوه.\n(^٣) تفسير مجاهد ص ٣٠٠، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١٠٣.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٢٧). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد - كما فى الدر المنثور ٥/ ١٩٤.","vol":"19","page":170},{"text":"أيديكُم أيضًا: صِغارُ الصَّيدِ الفِراخُ والبَيضُ، ﴿وَرِمَاحُكُمْ﴾ يُقالُ: كِبارُ الصَّيدِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3984>بابُ الأكلِ مِمّا أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ المُعَلَّمُ وإِن قَتَلَ</span>\n\n١٨٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عَن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا نُرسِلُ الكِلابَ المُعَلَّمَةَ، فيُمْسِكْنَ عَلَىَّ، وأَذكُرُ اسمَ اللهِ. فقال: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ المُعَلَّمَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ فكُلْ\". قُلتُ: وإِنْ قَتَلْنَ؟ قال: \"وإِن قَتَلْنَ؛ ما لَم يَشْرَكْها كَلبٌ لَيسَ مَعَها\". قُلتُ له: فإِنِّى أرمِى بالمِعراضِ (^٢) الصَّيدَ فأُصيبُ. قال: \"إذا رَمَيتَ بالمِعراضِ فخَرَقَ (^٣) فكُلْه، وإِنْ أصابَه بعَرْضِه فلا تأكُلْه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠٠٨٣).\n(^٢) المعراض: خشبة ثقيلة أو عصا فى طرفها حديدة وقد تكون بغير حديدة، وفيل: سهم لا ريش فيه ولا نصل، وقيل: عود رقيق الطرفين غليظ الوسط. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ٧٥.\n(^٣) فى بعض المصادر وكتب اللغة: \"خزق\"، وخزق بالزاى: نفذ، يقال: سهم خازق، أى: نافذ، ويقال بالسين المهملة بدل الزاى، وقيل الخزق بالزاى. وقيل: تبدل سينا: الخدش ولا يثبت فيه، فإن قيل بالراء فهو أن يثقبه، وحاصله أن السهم وما فى معناه إذا أصاب الصيد بعده حل. فتح البارى ٩/ ٦٠٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٨١) من طريق إسحاق به. وأبو داود (٢٨٤٧)، والنسائى (٤٣١٦) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٨٢٦٦)، والترمذى (١٤٦٥). وابن ماجه بطرفه الأخير بنحوه (٣٢١٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ١)، والبخارى (٥٤٧٧، ٧٣٩٧).","vol":"19","page":171},{"text":"١٨٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ قال: قُرِئَ على أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى البِرْتِىِّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن صَيدِ الكَلبِ، فقالَ: \"ما أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ فكُلْ؛ فإِنَّ أخذَه ذَكاتُه، وإِن أصَبتَ مَعَ كَلبِكَ أو كِلابِكَ كَلبًا غَيرَه فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّما ذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ على كَلبِكَ، ولَم تَدكُرْه على كِلابِ غَيرِكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عارِمٌ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يزيدَ (^٣)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَكَمِ البُنانِىُّ، أن نافِعَ بنَ الأزرَقِ سألَ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، أرأيتَ إذا أرسَلتُ كَلبِى، فسَمَّيتُ، فقَتَلَ (^٤) الصَّيدَ؟ آكُلُهُ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال نافِعٌ: يقولُ اللهُ: ﴿إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]، تَقولُ أنتَ: وإِن قَتَلَ؟ قال: ويحَكَ يا ابنَ الأزرَقِ، أرأيتَ لَو أمسَكَ عَلَىَّ سِنَّورٌ، فأَدرَكتُ ذَكاتَه؛ كان يَكونُ عَلَىَّ بأسٌ؟ واللهِ إنِّى لأعلَمُ فى أىِّ كِلابٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٠٤٥)، والنسائى (٤٢٨٠) من طريق زكريا به. وسيأتى فى (١٨٩٠٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٧٥)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٤).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"زيد\" وكتب فوقها: \"ص\".\n(^٤) فى م: \"فقتلت\".","vol":"19","page":172},{"text":"نَزَلَت؛ نَزَلَت فى كِلابِ بَنِى نَبْهانَ مِن طَيِّئٍ، ويحَكَ يا ابنَ الأزرَقِ؛ لَيَكونَنَّ لَكَ نَبأٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3985>بابُ المُعَلَّمِ يأكُلُ مِنَ الصَّيدِ الَّذِى قَد قَتَلَ</span>\n\n١٨٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مسلمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى السَّفَرِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عَدِىَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن (^٢) المِعراضِ، فقالَ: \"إذا أصابَ بحَدِّه فكُلْ، وإِذا أصابَ بعَرضِه فقَتَلَ فإِنَّه وقيذٌ فلا تأكُلْ\". قال: قُلتُ: إنِّى أُرسِلُ كَلبِى. قال: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ فكُلْ\". قال: قُلتُ: فإِن أكَلَ؟ قال: \"فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّما حَبَسَ على نَفسِه ولَم يَحبِسْ عَلَيكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: أُرسِلُ كَلبِى وأَجِدُ مَعَه كَلبًا آخَرَ. قال: \"لا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّما سمَّيتَ على كَلبِكَ ولَم تُسَمِّ على الآخَرِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) وعزاه فى الدر المنثور ٥/ ١٩٦ لعبد بن حميد - عن على بن الحكم. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٨١٣: سنده منقطع.\n(^٢) بعده فى س: \"صيد\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩١)، وأبو داود (٢٨٥٤)، والنسائى (٤٢٨٣، ٤٣١٧) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (١٨٩٢٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٤٧٦)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٣).","vol":"19","page":173},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ وعاصِمٌ الأحوَلُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن صَيدِ المِعراضِ، فقالَ: \"ما أصابَ بحَدِّه فكُلْ، وما أصابَ بعَرضِه فهو وقيذٌ\". وسألتُه عن صَيدِ الكَلبِ، فقالَ: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ وأَمسَكَ عَلَيكَ فكُلْ، وإِن أكَلَ مِنه فلا تأكُلْ، وإِن وجَدتَ مَعَه كَلبًا غَيرَ كَلبِكَ، فخَشيتَ أن يَكونَ قَد أخَذَه مَعَه وقَد قَتَلَه فلا تأكُلْ، فإِنَّه إنَّما ذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ على كَلبِكَ ولَم تَذكُرْه على غَيرِه\" (^١).\n\n١٨٩٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -﵁- عن صَيدِ الكَلبِ، فقالَ: \"ما أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ ولَم يأ كُلْ مِنه فكُلْه؛ فإِنَّ أخذَه ذَكاتُه، وإِن وجَدتَ عِندَه كَلبًا غَيرَه، فخَشيتَ أن يَكونَ أخَذَه مَعَه وقَد قَتَلَه فلا تأكُلْه؛ فإِنَّكَ إنَّما ذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ على كَلبِكَ ولَم تَذكُرْه على غَيرِه\". وسأَلتُه عن صَيدِ المِعراضِ، فقالَ: \"ما أصَبتَ بحَدِّه فكُلْه، وما أصَبتَ بعَرضِه فهو وقيذٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٢٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩٠)، والنسائى (٤٢٨٥) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٤٥)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٤)، والنسائى (٤٢٧٥، ٤٣١٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٢١٤) من طريق زكريا به، وعند بعضهم مختصر.","vol":"19","page":174},{"text":"المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ، فقالَ: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ؛ فإِن أدرَكتَه ولَم يَقتُلْ فاذبَحْ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، وإِن أدرَكتَه قَد قَتَلَ ولَم يأكُلْ فكُلْ؛ فقَد أمسَكَه عَلَيكَ، فإِن وجَدتَه قَد أكَلَ مِنه فلا تَطعَمْ مِنه شَيئًا، فإِنَّما أمسَكَه على نَفسِه\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زَكَريّا وعاصِمٍ (^٢)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى المَنِيعِىُّ والحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ فضَيلٍ، عن بَيانٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىٍّ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، قُلتُ: إنّا قَومٌ نَصيدُ بهَذِه الكِلابِ. قال: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كِلابَكَ المُعَلَّمَةَ، وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيها فكُلْ مِمّا أمسَكنَ عَلَيكَ وإِن قَتَلنَ، إلَّا أن يأكُلَ الكَلبُ، فإِن أكَلَ فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنِّى أخافُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أمسَكَ على نَفسِه، وإِن خالَطَها كِلابٌ مِن غَيرِها فلا تأكُلْ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٩٣) مطولًا. وأخرجه النسائى (٤٢٧٤) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١٨٢٥٩)، وابن حبان (٥٨٨٠) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٧٥، ٥٤٨٤)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٤، ٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٧).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٧٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٧٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٠٨) من طريق محمد بن فضيل به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٤٨٣، ٥٤٨٧)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٢).","vol":"19","page":175},{"text":"١٨٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهْمانَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامٍ، عن عَدِىٍّ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنْ أكَلَ مِنه؟ قال: \"إن أكَلَ مِنه فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بمُعَلَّم\".\n\n١٨٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ويَحتَمِلُ القياسُ أن يأكُلَ وإِن أكَلَ مِنه الكَلبُ، وهَذا قَولُ ابنِ عُمَرَ وسَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وبَعضِ أصحابِنا؛ وإِنَّما تَرَكنا هذا لِلأثَرِ الَّذِى ذَكَرَ الشَّعبِىُّ عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"فإِن أكَلَ فلا تأكُلْ\". وإِذا ثَبَتَ الخَبَرُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَم يَجُزْ تَركُه لِشَئٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٨٩١١ - فأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: إذا أرسَلَ أحَدُكُم كَلبَه المُعَلَّمَ وذَكَرَ اسمَ اللهِ فَلْيأكُلْ مِمّا أمسَكَ عَلَيه، أكَلَ مِنه أوْ لَم يأكُلْ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٩٠)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٥٩١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٢٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٩ من طريق عبيد الله بنحوه. ومالك ٢/ ٤٩٣، وعبد الرزاق (٨٥١٩، ٨٥٢٠) من طريق نافع بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":176},{"text":"وأَمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ فقَد ذَكَرَها عنه مالكٌ فى \"الموطأ\" مُنقَطِعًا (^١).\n\n١٨٩١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ الحَوْضِىُّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن سَعدٍ قال: كُلْ وإِن أكَلَ نِصفَه. يَعنِى الكَلبَ (^٢). وهَذا أيضًا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n١٨٩١٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: حُمَيدُ بنُ مالكٍ قال: سألتُ سَعدًا قُلتُ: إنَّ لَنا كِلابًا ضَوارِىَ، فيُمسِكْنَ عَلَينا، ويأكُلنَ ويُبقِينَ. قال: كُلْ وإِن لَم يُبْقِينَ إلَّا نِصفَه (^٣). وهَذا مَوصولٌ.\nورُوِىَ فيه عن علىٍّ وسَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ وأَبِى هريرةَ -﵃- (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٩٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٧، ١١٨ من طريق شعبة به بلفظ: \"وإن أكل ثلثيه\". وأخرجه فى ٨/ ١١٨ من طريق شعبة عن عبد ربه عن بكير عن سعيد بن المسيب بلفظ: \"كل وإن أكل نصفه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٢٢)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١٢٠ من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\nوعندهما: \"بضعة\". بدل: \"نصفه\". وعند ابن جرير: \"حميد بن عبد الله\"، وهو حميد بن مالك بن\nخُثَيْم، ويقال: حميد بن عبد الله بن مالك. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٩٨.\n(^٤) لم نقف على رواية على، ورواية سلمان ستأتى فى الأثر التالى، أما رواية أبى هريرة فذكرها ابن أبى\nشيبة فى مصنفه (١٩٨٢٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١٢٠.","vol":"19","page":177},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- بخلافِ أقاويلِهِم (^١).\n\n١٨٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بِشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىَّ -﵁- كان يقولُ: إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ المُعَلَّمَ، فأَكَلَ ثُلُثَيه وبَقِىَ ثُلُثُه؛ فكُلْ ما بَقِىَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩١٥ - وعن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- كان يَكرَهُ ذَلِكَ، ويَقولُ: لَو كان مُعَلَّمًا ما أكَلَ.\nورُوِىَ فى إباحَةِ أكلِه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إن صَحَّ الحديثُ:\n\n١٨٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن بُسرِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَوْلانِىِّ، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ -﵁- قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى صَيدِ الكَلبِ: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ فكُلْ وإِن أكَلَ مِنه، وكُلْ ما رَدَّت يَدُكَ\" أو قال: \"كُلْ ما رَدَّت عَلَيكَ يَدُكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٤/ ٤٧٣، ٤٧٤، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٧/ ٧٢، وتفسير ابن جرير\n٨/ ١٠٩، ١١٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥١٨)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٦ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٢٣، ١٩٨٢٥) من طريق قتادة بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٨٥٢). وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٨١٦: داود وثقه ابن معين، =","vol":"19","page":178},{"text":"١٨٩١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن أعرابيًّا يُقالُ له: أبو ثَعلَبَةَ -﵁- قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ لِى كِلابًا مُكَلَّبَةً؛ فأَفتِنِى فى صَيدِها. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان لَكَ كِلابٌ مُكَلَّبَةٌ فكلْ مِمّا أمسَكنَ عَلَيكَ\". قال: \"ذَكِىٌّ أو غَيرُ ذَكِىٍّ\". قال: وإِن أكَلَ مِنهُ؟ قال: \"وإِن أكَلَ مِنه\" (^١).\nهذا موافِقٌ لِحَديثِ داودَ بنِ عمرٍو إلَّا أن حَديثَ أبى ثَعلَبَةَ -﵁- مُخَرَّجٌ فى \"الصحيحين\" مِن حَديثِ رَبيعَةَ بنِ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ عن أبى إدريسَ الخَوْلانِىِّ عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ، ولَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الأكلِ (^٢). وحَديثُ الشَّعبِىِّ عن عَدِىٍّ أصحُّ مِن حَديثِ داودَ بنِ عمرٍو الدِّمَشقِىِّ ومِن حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ. وقَد رَوَى شُعبَةُ عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن هُذَيلٍ أنَّه سألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن الكَلبِ يَصطادُ، قال: \"كُلْ، أكَلَ أو لَم يأكُلْ\". فصارَ حَديثُ عمرٍو بهَذا مَعلولًا.\n_________\n= وقال العجلى: ليس بقوى. ينظر تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ١/ ١٠٨، والثقات ١/ ٣٤١.\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٥٧). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٣ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به مطولًا. وأحمد (٦٧٢٥) من طريق حبيب به مطولًا. والنسائى (٤٣٠٧) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به بنحوه، وليس فيه: \"وإن أكل منه ... \". وسيأتى فى (١٨٩٤٤).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٣٣).","vol":"19","page":179},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3986>بابُ البُزاةِ المُعَلَّمَةِ إذا أكَلَت</span>\n\n١٨٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما عَلَّمتَ مِن كَلبٍ أو بازٍ، ثُمَّ أرسَلتَه وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ، فكُلْ مِمّا أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ\". قُلتُ: وإِن قَتَلَ؟ قال: \"إذا قَتَلَه ولَم يأكُلْ مِنه شَيئًا فإِنَّما أمسَكَه عَلَيكَ\" (^١). فجَمَعَ بَينَهُما فى المَنعِ إلَّا أن ذِكْرَ البازِىِّ فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ لَم يأتِ به الحُفّاظُ الَّذينَ قَدَّمنا ذِكرَهُم عن الشَّعبِىِّ؛ وإِنَّما أتَى به مُجالِدٌ. فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\nويُذكَرُ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ أو بازَكَ أو صَقرَكَ على الصَّيدِ فأَكَلَ مِنه، فكُلْ وإِن أكَلَ نِصفَه (^٢). فهَذا جَمَعَ بَينَهُما فى الإباحَةِ.\nويُذكَرُ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إذا أكَلَ الكَلبُ فلا تأكُلْ، وإِذا أكَلَ الصَّقرُ فكُلْ؛ لأنَّ الكَلبَ تَستَطيعُ أن تَضرِبَه، والصَّقرُ لا تَستَطيعُ (^٣). فهَذا فَرَّقَ بَينَهُما. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوفِى حَديثِ الثَّورِىِّ عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: إذا أكَلَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٥٨) عن عبد الله بن نمير مطولًا. وقال الذهبى ٧/ ٣٨١٦: مجالد لين.\n(^٢) وصله ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٩١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٧ بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى الآثار (١٠٦٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٨٥١٤) من طريق سعيد بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":180},{"text":"البازِىُّ فلا تأكُلْ (^١). وهَذا بخِلافِ الأوَّلِ.\nورُوِىَ عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ صَبيحٍ فى البازِىِّ أوِ الصَّقرِ إذا أكَلَ قال: كَرِهَه عَطاءٌ (^٢). وعن عِكرِمَةَ قال: إذا أكَلَ البازُ والصَّقرُ فلا تأكُلْ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: ما قَتَلَ الكَلبُ أوِ الصَّقرُ أوِ البازِىْ المُعَلَّمُ فهو حَلالٌ وإِن أكَلَ مِنه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3987>بابُ تَسميَةِ اللهِ عِندَ الإرسالِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ، قال: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، فإِن أدرَكتَه لَم يَقتُلْ فاذبَحْ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، وإِن أدرَكتَه قَد قَتَلَ ولَم يأكُلْ فقَد أمسَكَه عَلَيكَ، فإِن وجَدتَه قَد أكَلَ مِنه فلا تَطعَمْ مِنه شَيئًا؛ فإنَّما أمسَكَ على نَفسِه، فإِن خالَطَ كَلبَكَ كِلابٌ فقَتَلنَ ولَم يأكُلْنَ فلا تأكُلْ مِنه؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى أيُّها قَتَلَ، وإِذا رَمَيتَ سَهمَكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٨٥)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٤ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٩٣) من طريق الربيع بلفظ: \" ... قال عطاء: إذا أكل فلا تأكل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٨٩٢)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ١١٤، ١١٥.","vol":"19","page":181},{"text":"فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3988>بابُ مَن تَرَكَ التَّسميَةَ وهو مِمَّن تَحِلُّ ذَبيحَتُهُ</span>\n\n١٨٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرِ بنِ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَيّانَ ومُحاضِرٌ -المَعنَى- عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ الجَوْزِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ ومُحاضِرٌ، قال أبو خالِدٍ: سَمِعتُ هِشامَ بنَ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-: قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ ههنا أقوامًا حَديثَ (^٣) عَهدٍ بشِركٍ، يأتونَنا بلُحْمانٍ لا نَدرِى يَذكُرونَ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيها أم لا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اذكُروا اسمَ اللهِ وكُلوا\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن أبى خالِدٍ سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَيّانَ الأحمَرِ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الطُّفاوِىِّ وأُسامَةَ (^٥) بنِ حَفصٍ عن هِشامٍ مَوصولًا، قال: وتابَعَهُمُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٢٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٧٤ (١٥٤، ١٥٥) من طريق حبان بن موسى بنحوه. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٧)، والبخارى (٥٤٧٥).\n(^٣) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨٢٩)، وأخرجه النسائى (٤٤٤٨) من طريق هشام بنحوه.\n(^٥) فى م: \"وأبى أسامة\"، وكتب فى الأصل: \"أبى أسامة\". ثم ضرب على \"أبى\". وكتب: \"صح\" فوق\nأسامة وحفص، وكتب فى حاشيتها: \"صحح عليه لكأنه بعد أن كتب فى الحاشية: صوابه وأبى =","vol":"19","page":182},{"text":"الدَّراوَرْدِىُّ عن هِشامٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وتابَعَهُم أيضًا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ ومَسلَمَةُ بنُ قَعنَبٍ ويونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ الحارِثِ الجُمَحِىُّ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عاصِمٍ؛ كُلُّهُم عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَوْنٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه قال: كان ناسٌ مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ يأتونَ بلُحْمانٍ قَد ذَبَحوها، فسألوا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: كَيفَ يَصنَعونَ؟ فقالَ: \"سَمُّوا عَلَيها اسمَ اللهِ وكُلُوها\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن هِشامٍ مُرسَلًا دونَ ذِكرِ عائشةَ بمَعنَى رِوايَةِ مَن رَواه مَوصولًا (^٤).\n\n١٨٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا\n_________\n= أسامة وحفص ثم ضرب على التصويب المذكور فى خ ر، وأبى أسامة وحفص، والله أعلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٣٣٤.\n(^١) البخارى (٧٣٩٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٧٤) من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به. وينظر: علل ابن أبى حاتم (١٥٢٥)، وعلل الدارقطنى ١٤/ ١٧٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٤٢)، وإسحاق بن راهويه (٨٣٨) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٤٨٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٢٩) من طريق حماد ومالك به.","vol":"19","page":183},{"text":"مَعقِلُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عَمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُسلِمُ يَكفيه اسمُه؛ فإن نَسِىَ أن يُسَمِّىَ حينَ يَذبَحُ فَلْيَذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ وَلْيأكُلْه\" (^١). كَذا رَواه مَرفوعًا، ورَواه غَيرُه عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن عَينٍ وهو عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوقوفًا:\n\n١٨٩٢٤ - أخبرَناه أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ زَكَريّا النَّضْرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَمرٍو، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عَينٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فيمَن ذَبَحَ ونَسِىَ التَّسميَةَ قال: المُسلِمُ فيه اسمُ اللهِ وإِن لَم يَذكُرِ التَّسميَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرٌو، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ وهو جابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَينٌ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: إذا ذَبَحَ المُسلِمُ ونَسِىَ أن يَذكُرَ اسمَ اللهِ فَلْيأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّ المُسلِمَ فيه اسمٌ مِن أسماءِ اللهِ. يَعنِى بعَينٍ عِكرِمَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضْرُوِىُّ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٥٣). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٦ من طريق أبى حاتم به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٩١٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٤٨)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٥ من طريق سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٥١)، والحميدى - كما فى المطالب العالية (٢٥٣٦/ ٦).\n(^٤) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"العباس بن الفضل\" وهو اسم النضروى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"19","page":184},{"text":"قال: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ (^١)، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: مَن ذَبَحَ فنَسِىَ أن يُسَمِّىَ فَلْيَذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيه، وَلْيأكُلْ، ولا يَدَعْه لِلشَّيطانِ؛ إذا ذَبَحَ على الفِطرَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عَبْدانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَزيدَ والحَسَنُ بنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ، عن مَروانَ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ الرَّجُلَ مِنّا يَذبَحُ ويَنسَى أن يُسَمِّىَ. فقالَ النَبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اسمُ اللهِ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ\" (^٣). قال أبو أحمدَ: عامَّةُ حَديثِ مَرْوانَ بنِ سالِمٍ مِمّا لا يُتابِعُه الثِّقاتُ عَلَيه.\nقال الشيخُ: مَروانُ بنُ سالِمٍ الجَزَرِىُّ ضَعيفٌ؛ ضَعَّفَه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ والبُخارِىُّ وغَيرُهُما، وهَذا الحديث مُنكَرٌ بهَذا الإسنادِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"حدثنا العباس بن الفضل\". خطأ، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٧٧.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٩١٥ - تفسير) عن خالد بن عبد الله به. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٤١) من طريق ابن أبى زياد بنحوه.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٨١. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٥ من طريق عبد الله بن أحمد بن موسى (عبدان) به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٧٦٩) من طريق يحيى بن يزيد وحده به، وعنده: \"اسم الله على فم كل مسلم\".\n(^٤) ينظر العلل ومعرفة الرجال لأحمد ٣/ ٢١٠ (٤٩٠٩ - رواية عبد الله)، والتاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٧٣ (١٦٠٢)، والضعفاء للبخارى ص ١١٣ (٢٥٣).","vol":"19","page":185},{"text":"١٨٩٢٨ - وفيما رَوَى أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ داودَ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الصَّلتِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ذَبيحَةُ المُسلِمِ حَلالٌ، ذَكَرَ اسمَ اللهِ أو لَم يَذكُرْ؛ إنَّه إن ذَكَرَ لَم يَذكُرْ إلَّا اسمَ اللهِ\". أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3989>بابُ سَبَبِ نُزولِ قَولِ اللهِ ﷿:</span>\n﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٢١]\n\n١٨٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباس -﵄- قال: خاصَمَتِ اليَهودُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: نأكُلُ مِمّا قَتَلنا ولا نأكُلُ مِمّا قَتَلَ اللهُ؟ فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، حدثنا سِماكٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَإِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ لَيُوحُونَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِمْ\n_________\n(^١) المراسيل (٣٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨١٩)، والبزار (٥٠٥٩) من طريق عمران بن عيينة به. والترمذى (٣٠٦٩) من طريق عطاء بن السائب بنحوه، وقال: حسن غريب.","vol":"19","page":186},{"text":"لِيُجَادِلُوكُمْ﴾ قالوا: يَقولونَ: ما ذَبَحَ اللهُ فلا تأكُلوه، وما ذَبَحتُم أنتُم فكُلوه. فأَنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3990>بابُ الإرسالِ على الصَّيدِ يَتَوارَى عَنكَ ثُمَّ تَجِدُه مَقتولًا</span>\n\n١٨٩٣١ - فيما رَوَى أبو داودَ السِّجِسْتانِىُّ فى \"المراسيل\" عن النُّفَيلِىِّ، عن زُهَيرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عامِرٍ، أن أعرابيًّا أهدَى لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ظَبْيًا فقالَ: \"مِن أينَ أصَبتَ هَذا؟ \". قال: رَمَيتُه أمسِ، فطَلَبتُه فأَعجَزَنِى، حَتَّى أدرَكَنِى المَساءُ، فرَجَعتُ، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ اتَّبَعتُ أثَرَه، فوَجَدتُه فى غارٍ -أو فى أحجارٍ- وهَذا مِشقَصِى فيه أعرِفُه. قال: \"باتَ عَنكَ لَيلَةً، ولا آمَنُ أن تَكونَ هامَّةٌ أعانَتْكَ عَلَيه، لا حاجَةَ لِى فيه\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٣٢ - وعن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن جَريرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشةَ، عن أبى رَزينٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بصَيدٍ فقالَ: إنِّى رَمَيتُه مِنَ اللَّيلِ فأَعيانِى، ووَجَدتُ سَهمِى فيه مِنَ الغَدِ، وقَد عَرَفتُ سَهمِى. فقالَ: \"اللَّيلُ خَلقٌ مِن خَلقِ اللهِ ﷿ عَظيمٌ؛ لَعَلَّه أعانَكَ عَلَيه شَئٌ، انبِذْها عَنكَ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا بهِما أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٤) الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَهُما.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨١٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٧٣)، والحاكم ٤/ ١١٣ من طريق إسرائيل به، وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٣٨٢). وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١٨٨٦٥).\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٨٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩١٥).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الحسن\".","vol":"19","page":187},{"text":"١٨٩٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَنْدِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ أبى عائشةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى رَزينٍ، عن أبى رَزينٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا غابَ عَنكَ الصَّيدُ فصادَفتَه\". وذَكَرَ هَوامَّ الأرضِ (^١). وأبو رَزينٍ هذا اسمُه مَسعودٌ، مَولَى شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ؛ ولَيسَ بأَبِى رَزينٍ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. والحديثُ مُرسَلٌ. قالَه البُخارِىُّ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ الرُّحَيْلِ حَدَّثَه، أن عمرَو بنَ مَيمونٍ حَدَّثَه، عن أبيه، أن أعرابيًّا أتَى إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، ومَيمونٌ عِندَه، فقالَ: أصلَحَكَ اللهُ، إنِّى أَرمِى الصَّيدَ فأُصْمِى، وأُنمِى، فكَيفَ تَرَى؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: كُلْ ما أصمَيتَ، ودَعْ ما أنمَيتَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عَمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩١٦)، والطبرانى ١٩/ ٢١٤ (٤٧٨) من طريق سفيان بنحوه. وفى\nالطبرانى: قال: \"لعل هوام الأرض هى قتلته\".\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٩١.\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٤٣)، وفى المعرفة (٥٦٠١) من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به.\nوفى المعرفة: \"أخبرني عمرو بن الحارث بن رحيل حدثه، أن عمرو بن ممون. . . \".","vol":"19","page":188},{"text":"الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيلِ قال: أمَرَنِى ناسٌ مِن أهلِى أن أسأَلَ لَهُم عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ -﵄- عن أشياءَ، فكَتَبتُها فى صَحيفَةٍ، فأَتَيتُه لأسأَلَه، فإِذا عِندَه ناسٌ يَسألونَه، فسأَلوه حَتَّى سألوه عن جَميعِ ما فى صحيفَتِى، وما سألتُه عن شَئٍ، فسألَه رَجُلٌ أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: إنِّى مَملوكٌ أكونُ فى إبِلِ أهلِى، فيأتينِى الرَّجُلُ يَستَسقينِى، أفأسقيه؟ قال: لا. قال: فإِن خَشِيتُ أن يَهلِكَ؟ قال: فاسقِه ما يُبَلِّغُه ثُمَّ أخبِرْ به أهلَكَ. قال: فإِنِّى رَجُلٌ أرمِى، فأُصْمِى وأُنْمِى. قال: ما أصمَيتَ فكُلْ، وما أنمَيتَ فلا تأكُلْ. قُلتُ لِلحَكَمِ: ما الإصماءُ؟ قال: الإقعاصُ. قُلتُ: فما الإنماءُ؟ قال: ما تَوارَى عَنكَ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ هذا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مَرفوعًا (^٢)، وهو ضَعيفٌ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ما أصمَيتَ: ما قَتَلَتْه الكِلابُ وأَنتَ تَراه، وما أنمَيتَ: ما غابَ عَنكَ مَقتَلُه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولا يَجوزُ عِندِى فيه إلَّا هذا؛ إلَّا أن يَكونَ جاءَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- شَئٌ -فإنِّى أتَوَهَّمُه- فيَسقُطَ كُلُّ شَئٍ خالَفَ أمرَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ولا يَقومُ مَعَه رأىٌ ولا قياسٌ؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ قَطَعَ العُذرَ لِقَولِه -ﷺ- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد فى الأموال (١٣٤٧) - وعنه ابن زنجويه فى الأموال (١٨٥٦) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٤٥٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩١٨) من طريق ابن أبى الهذيل بنحوه مختصرًا. وتقدم فى (٧٩٣٧) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢٣٧٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٤٤، ٣٨٤٥)، وفى المعرفة (٥٦٠٠)، والأم ٢/ ٢٢٨.","vol":"19","page":189},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهَذا الَّذِى تَوَهَّمَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فيما:\n\n١٨٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى حَمدانُ بنُ عمرٍو المَوْصِلِىُّ، حدثنا غَسّانُ هو ابنُ الرَّبيعِ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ هو ابنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ فسَمَّيتَ فأَمسَكَ عَلَيكَ فقَتَلَ فكُلْ، فإِن أكَلَ مِنه فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّما أمسَكَ على نَفسِه، وإِذا خالَطَ كِلابًا لَم تَذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيها، فأَمسَكْنَ وقَتَلْنَ فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى أيُّها قَتلَ، وإِن رَمَيتَ الصَّيدَ، فوَجَدتَه بَعدَ يَومٍ أو يَومَينِ، لَيسَ به إلَّا أثَرُ سَهمِكَ؛ فإِن شِئتَ أن تأكُلَ فكُلْ، وإِن وقَعَ فى الماءِ فلا تأكُلْ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن ثابِتِ بنِ يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وإِذا رَمَيتَ بسَهمِكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ؛ فإِن أدرَكتَه فكُلْ، إلَّا أن تَجِدَه قَد وقَعَ فى ماءٍ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى الماءُ قَتلَه أو سَهمُكَ، فإِن وجَدتَه بَعدَ لَيلَةٍ أو لَيلَتَينِ، فلَم تَجِدْ فيه أثَرًا غَيرَ أثَرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٣٨)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٦)، وأبو داود (٢٨٤٩)، والنسائى (٤٣١٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢١٣) من طريق عاصم بنحوه مختصرًا ومطولًا. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠٤، ١٨٩٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٨٤).","vol":"19","page":190},{"text":"سَهمِكَ، فشِئتَ أن تأكُلَ مِنه فكُلْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢). وبِمَعناه رَواه خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٣).\nقال البخارىُّ (^٤): وقالَ عبدُ الأعلَى، عن داودَ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عَدِىٍّ. فذَكَرَ ما:\n\n١٨٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا داودُ هو ابنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ هو الشَّعبِىُّ، عن عَدِىِّ ابنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أحَدَنا يَرمِى، فيَقتَفِرُ (^٥) أثَرَه اليَومَ واليَومَينِ، فيَجِدُه مَيِّتًا وفيه سَهمُه؛ أيأكُلُ؟ قال: \"نَعَم، إن شاءَ\". أو قال: \"يأكُلُ إن شاءَ\" (^٦).\n\n١٨٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٧٤ (١٥٥) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٩٢٩/ ٤، ٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٧٧ (١٦٧) من طريق خالد الحذاء به مختصرًا.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٤٨٥).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"فيقتفى\"، وهما بمعنًى.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٥٣) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.","vol":"19","page":191},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ الطّائىِّ -﵁- أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أرمِى الصَّيدَ، فأَطلُبُ الأثَرَ بَعدَ لَيلَةٍ. قال: \"إذا رأيتَ أثَرَ سَهمِكَ فيه لَم يأكُلْ مِنه سَبُعٌ فكُلْ\". قال شُعبَةُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لأبِى بِشرٍ فقالَ: قال ابنُ جُبَيرٍ: عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا رأيتَ سَهمَكَ فيه لَم تَرَ فيه أثَرًا غَيرَه، وتَعلَمُ أنَّه قَتَلَه فكُلْه\" (^١).\n\n١٨٩٤٠ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الخَزّازُ (^٢)، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال شُعبَةُ: فحَدَّثتُ به أبا بِشرٍ فقالَ: إنَّما قال سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ: عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا عَرَفتَ سَهمَكَ فيه، ولَم تَرَ فيه أثَرَ غَيرِه، وتَعلَمُ أنَّه قَتَلَه فكُلْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وهُشَيمٌ، عن أبى بِشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرمِى الصَّيدَ، فأَجِدُه مِنَ الغَدِ فيه سَهمِى. قال: \"إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٧٦)، وابن الجارود (٩١٩) من طريق شعبة به. والطيالسى (١١٣٧)، والنسائى (٤٣١٣) من طريق شعبة عن عبد الملك به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الجزار\". وقد تقدم مرارًا على الصواب.\n(^٣) البغوى فى الجعديات (٤٧٠، ٤٧١) - ومن طريقه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٩١ (٢١٦).","vol":"19","page":192},{"text":"وجَدتَ فيه سَهمَكَ، وعَلِمتَ أنَّه قَتَلَه، ولَم تَرَ فيه أثَرَ سَبُعٍ فكُلْ\" (^١).\n\n١٨٩٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا رَمَيتَ سَهمَكَ، فغابَ ثَلاثَ لَيالٍ فأَدرَكتَه، فكُلْ ما لَم يُنتِنْ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مِهرانَ الرّازِىِّ عن حَمّادِ بنِ خالِدٍ الخَيّاطِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعيدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نَصرٍ الأنطاكِىُّ، قالا: حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن [عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ] (^٤)، عن أبيه، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنىِّ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى الَّذِى يُدرِكُ صَيدَه بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ قال: \"يأكُلُه إلَّا أن يُنتِنَ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١١٣٦). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٤٦٨) من طريق الطيالسى عن شعبة وحده، وقال: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (١٩٣٦٩)، والنسائى (٤٣١١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٧٧٤٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٦١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٢٥)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٥ من طريق حماد بن خالد به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٣١/ ٩)،\n(^٤) فى س: \"عبد الله بن جبير\".\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى (٤٣١٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٢٤) من طريق معن به.","vol":"19","page":193},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ عن مَعنٍ (^١).\n\n١٨٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ الضَّريرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن أعرابيًّا يُقالُ له: أبو ثَعلَبَةَ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أفتِنِى فى قَوسِى. قال: \"كُلْ ما رَدَّتْ عَلَيكَ قَوسُكَ\". قال: \"ذَكِىٌّ وغَيرُ ذَكِىٍّ\". قال: وإِن تَغَيَّبَ عَنِّى؟ قال: \"وإِن تَغَيَّبَ عَنكَ ما لَم يَصِلَّ أو تَجِدْ فيه أثَرَ غَيرِ سَهمِكَ\". قال: أفتِنِى فى آنيَةِ المَجوسِ إذا اضطُرِرتُ إلَيها. قال: \"اغسِلْها وكُلْ فيها\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبى عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، حَدَّثَنى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أفتِنى فى قَوسِى؟ قال: \"كُلْ ما رَدَّت عَلَيك قَوسُكَ\". قُلتُ: فإِن تَوارَى عَنِّى؟ قال: \"وإِن تَوارَى عَنكَ، بَعدَ ألَّا تَرَى فيه إلَّا أثَرَ سَهمِكَ أو يَصِلَّ\". قال أبو موسَى: يَعنِى: يَتَغَيَّرَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وبَلَغَنِى عن أبى سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىِّ ﵀ أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٣١/ ١٠).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٩١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ٢٠٧ (٥٤٧) من طريق محمد بن المثنى به مطولًا، وفيه: \"بعد ألا ترى فيه أثر سهم أو نصل\". والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٨٢٩) من طريق الأنصارى بطرف آخر منه ليس فيه موضع الشاهد.","vol":"19","page":194},{"text":"قال: قَولُه: ما لَم يَصِلَّ: فإِنَّه يُريدُ ما لَم يُنتِنْ وتَتَغَيَّرْ ريحُه؛ يُقالُ: صَلَّ اللَّحمُ وأَصَلَّ، لُغَتانِ، وهَذا على مَعنَى الاستِحبابِ دونَ التَّحريمِ؛ لأنَّ تَغَيُّرَ ريحِه لا يُحَرِّمُ أكلَه.\nقال: وقَد رُوِىَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أكَلَ إهالَةً (^١) سَنِخَةً؛ وهِىَ المُتَغَيَّرَةُ الرِّيحِ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٤٦ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الأشيَبِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: لَقَد دُعِىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على خُبزِ شَعيرٍ وإِهالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤). كما أخرَجاه فى كِتابِ الرَّهنِ (^٥).\nوحَديثُ البَهْزِىِّ فى حِمارِ الوَحشِ العَقيرِ وفِى الظَّبىِ الحاقِفِ فيه سَهمٌ قَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n\n١٨٩٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الإهالة: اسم للشحم والودك. التاج ٢٨/ ٤٤ (أ هـ ل).\n(^٢) معالم السنن للخطابى ٤/ ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١١٣٠٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٠٦٩، ٢٥٠٨).\n(^٥) الحديث عند البخارى كما تقدم عقب (١١٣٠٤)، وليس عند مسلم، ولعل قوله: \"كما أخرجاه\" صوابه: \"كما أخرجناه\". إشارة لما تقدم فى كتاب الرهن (١١٣٠٤).\n(^٦) تقدم فى (١٠٠٠١، ١٢٠٨٢) وينظر ما بعده.","vol":"19","page":195},{"text":"أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سلمةَ الضَّمْرِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ حَتَّى أتَى الرَّوْحاءَ، رأى حِمارًا عَقيرًا. زادَ محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ فى حَديثِه: فى بَعضِ أفنائها. وقالا جَميعًا: فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا حِمارٌ عَقيرٌ. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"دَعُوه؛ فإِنَّ الَّذِى أصابَه سَيَجِئُ\". فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَهزٍ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أصَبتُ هذا، فشأنَكُم به. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أبا بكرٍ، فقَسَمَه بَينَ الرِّفاقِ، ثُمَّ سارَ، حَتَّى إذا كان بالأُثايَةِ (^١) بَينَ العَرْجِ والرُّوَيثَةِ إذا ظَبْىٌ حاقِفٌ فى ظِلٍّ، فيه سَهمٌ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا أن يُقيمَ عِندَه حَتَّى يُجيزَ آخَرُ النّاسِ، لا يُعرَضُ لَه (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ أن عُمَيرَ بنَ سلمةَ الضَّمْرِىَّ أخبَرَه عن البَهزِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، حَتَّى إذا كان ببَعضِ أفناءِ الرَّوحاءِ إذا حِمارُ وَحْشٍ عَقيرٌ، فذَكَرَه القَومُ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ-، قال. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"بالأثابة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٣/ ٢٨٧، والخطيب فى الأسماء المبهمة ص ٤١٨ من طريق حماد به. وأحمد (١٥٤٥٠) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١٣/ ٢٩٣ من طريق عبد الوهاب به. وتقدم فى (١٠٠٠١، ١٢٠٨٢) من طرق أخرى عن يحيى به.","vol":"19","page":196},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3991>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُدرِكُ صَيدَه حَيًّا</span>\n\n١٨٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ يَعنِى الجارودِىَّ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسْهِرٍ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أرسَلتَ كَلبَكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ؛ فإِن أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ فأَدرَكتَه حَيًّا فاذبَحْه، وإِن أدرَكتَه قَد قَتَلَ ولَم يأكُلْ مِنه فكُلْه، وإِن وجَدتَ مَعَ كَلبِكَ كَلبًا غَيرَه وقَد قَتَلَ فلا تأكُلْ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى أيُّهُما قَتَلَه، وإِن رَمَيتَ سَهمَكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، وإِن غابَ عَنكَ يَومًا فلَم تَجِدْ فيه إلَّا أثَرَ سَهمِكَ فكُلْ إن شِئتَ، وإِن وجَدْتَه غَريقًا فى الماءِ فلا تأكُلْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الوَليدِ بنِ شُجاعٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3992>بابُ غَيرِ المُعَلَّمِ إذا أصابَ صَيدًا</span>\n\n١٨٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ رَبيعَةَ بنَ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا إدريسَ الخَوْلانِىِّ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا ثَعلَبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٧٤ (١٥٦) من طريق على بن مسهر به. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠٥، ١٨٩٠٧، ١٨٩٢٠، ١٨٩٣٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٦).","vol":"19","page":197},{"text":"الخُشَنِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أرضَنا أرضُ صَيدٍ؛ أَصِيدُ بالكَلبِ المُكَلَّبِ (^١)، وبِالكَلبِ الَّذِى لَيسَ بمُكَلَّبٍ، فأَخبِرْنِى ماذا يَحِلُّ لَنا مِمّا يَحرُمُ عَلَينا مِن ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: \"أمّا ما صادَ كَلبُكَ المُكَلَّبُ فكُلْ مِمّا أمسَكَ عَلَيكَ، واذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، وأَمّا ما صادَ كَلبُكَ الَّذِى لَيسَ بمُكَلَّبٍ فأَدرَكتَ ذَكاتَه فكُلْ مِنه، وما لَم تُدرِكْ ذَكاتَه فلا تأكُلْ مِنه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئِ عن حَيْوَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣). وقالَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن حَيْوَةَ فى هذا الحديثِ: أصيدُ بكَلبِى المُعَلَّمِ، وبِكَلبِى الَّذِى لَيسَ بمُعَلَّمٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3993>بابُ المُسلِمِ يُرسِلُ كَلبَه المُعَلَّمَ على صَيدٍ فخالَطَه ما لَم يُرسِلْه مُسلِمٌ</span>\n\n١٨٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى السَّفَرِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ، فقُلتُ: أُرسِلُ كَلبِى، فأَجِدُ مَعَ كَلبِى كَلبًا آخَرَ، لا أدرِى أيُّهُما أخَذَ. فقالَ: \"لا تأكُلْه؛ فإنَّكَ إنَّما سَمَّيتَ على كَلبِكَ، ولَم\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"المعلم\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٣٣)، وفى المعرفة (٥٥٩٤). وأخرجه ابن الجارود (٩١٧) عن محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. وابن حبان (٥٨٧٩) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (١٣٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٤٧٨)، ومسلم (١٩٣٠) عقب (٨).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٣٣).","vol":"19","page":198},{"text":"تُسَمِّ على غَيرِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىٍّ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أُرسِلُ كَلبِى على الصَّيدِ (^٣). فذَكَرَه. أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٨٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فإِنْ خالَطَ كَلبُكَ كِلابًا فقَتَلنَ ولَم يأكُلْنَ فلا تأكُلْ مِنه شَيئًا؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى أيُّها قَتَلَ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٧١ (١٤٢) من طريق آدم به. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٨٦)، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٣).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١١٢٤)، ومن طريقه النسائى (٤٢٨٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٥٦)، والنسائى (٤٢٨٢) من طربق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٢٩) عقب (٥).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٨٩٠٧).\n(^٦) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٧).","vol":"19","page":199},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3994>بابُ مَن رَمَى صَيدًا أو طَعَنَه [أو ضَرَبَه] (^١) أو أرسَلَ كَلبًا فقَطَعَه قِطعَتَينِ أو قَطَعَ رأسَه أو بَطنَه أو صُلبَهُ</span>\n\n١٨٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّبَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ بنُ سَيفٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو إدريسَ عائذُ اللهِ، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىِّ -﵁- قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا فى أرضِ صَيدٍ، فأَرمِى بقَوسِى؛ فمِنه ما أُدرِكُ ذَكاتَه، ومِنه ما لا أُدرِكُ ذَكاتَه، وأُرسِلُ كَلبِى المُكَلَّبَ؛ فمِنه ما أُدرِكُ ذَكاتَه، ومِنه ما لَم أُدرِكْ ذَكاتَه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما رَدَّت عَلَيكَ قَوسُكَ وكَلبُكَ ويَدُكَ فكُلْ؛ ذَكِىٌّ وغَيرُ ذَكِىٍّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ حَدَّثَه، أن مَولًى لِشُرَحْبيلَ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىَّ وحُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ صاحِبَىْ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَقولانِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"حِلٌّ ما رَدَّتْ عَلَيكَ قَوسُكَ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٤٨)، وأبو داود (٢٨٥٦) من طريق الزبيدى به، وبعضه عند أبى داود من طريق بقية به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٨١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٢٩) من طريق ابن وهب به وفيه: \"كل\" بدل: \"حل\". وقال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٨٢٤: سنده حسن.","vol":"19","page":200},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3995>بابٌ: ما قُطِعَ مِنَ الحَىِّ فهو مَيْتَةٌ</span>\n\n١٨٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ -﵁- قال: لَمّا قَدِمَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- المَدينَةَ والنّاسُ يَجُبُّونَ أسنِمَةَ الإبِلِ، ويَقطَعونَ أَلْياتِ الغَنَمِ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما قُطِعَ مِنَ البَهيمَةِ وهِىَ حَيَّةٌ فهو مَيتَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3996>بابُ ما جاءَ فى صَيدِ المَجوسِىِّ</span>\n\n١٨٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارِمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كُلْ مِن صَيدِ أهلِ الكِتابِ، ولا تأكُلْ مِن صَيدِ المَجوسِ.\n\n١٨٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الإسفَرايِينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الصُّوفىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنِى الصوفىُّ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبى بَزَّةَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٧٧).","vol":"19","page":201},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ اليَشكُرِىِّ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: نُهينا عن صَيدِ كَلبِ المَجوسِىِّ وطائرِهِ.\nورَواه أيضًا وكيعٌ عن شَريكٍ (^١)، غَيرَ أن الحَجّاجَ بنَ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٢)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ عن شَريكٍ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبى بَزَّةَ وأَبِى الزُّبَيرِ عن سُلَيمانَ اليَشكُرِىِّ عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال: نَهَى عن ذَبيحَةِ المَجوسِىِّ وصَيدِ كَلبِه وطائرِهِ (^٣). فى هذا الإسنادِ مَن لا يُحتَجُّ به، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3997>بابُ ما جاءَ فى ذَكاةِ ما لا يَقدِرُ على ذَبحِه إلَّا برَمىٍ أو سِلاحٍ</span>\n\n١٨٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن جَدِّه رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لاقو العَدوِّ غَدًا لَيسَ معنا مُدًى. قال: \"ما أَنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذُكِرَ اسمُ اللهِ فكُلْ، لَيسَ السِّنَّ والظُّفُرَ، أمّا السِّنُّ فعَظْمٌ، وأَمّا الظُّفُرُ فمُدَى الحَبَشَةِ\". قال: وأَصابَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهْبًا فنَدَّ مِنها بَعيرٌ، فسَعَوا له فلَم يَستَطيعوه، فرَماه رَجُلٌ بسَهمٍ فحَبَسَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِهَذِه الإبِلِ -أو قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٤٦٦) وقال: غريب. وابن ماجه (٣٢٠٩) من طريق وكيع بنحوه.\n(^٢) تقدم قبل (٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٤ من طريق شريك به.","vol":"19","page":202},{"text":"النَّعَمِ- أوابِدَ كأوابِدِ الوَحْشِ، فما غَلَبَكُم بها فاصنَعوا بها هَكَذا\". وتَرَدَّى بَعيرٌ فى بئرٍ، فلَم يَستَطيعوا أن يَنحَرُوه إلَّا مِن قِبَلِ شاكِلَتِه (^١)، فاشتَرَى مِنه ابنُ عُمَرَ عَشيرًا بدِرهَمَينِ، وقالَ لَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدٍ فى \"الفوائد\" تَعشيرًا (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ شعبه وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ بنُ قُدامَةَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسروقٍ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن جَدِّه رافِعٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ مِن تِهامَةَ وقَد جاعَ القَومُ، فأَصابوا إبِلًا وغَنَمًا، فانتَهَى إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقَد نُصِبَتِ القُدورُ، فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالقُدورِ فأُكفِئَت، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ بَينَهُم، فعَدَلَ عَشرًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ ببَعيرٍ. قال: فنَدَّ بَعيرٌ مِن إبِلِ القَومِ، ولَيسَ فى القَومِ إلَّا خَيلٌ يَسيرَةٌ، فرَماه رَجُلٌ بسَهمٍ فحَبَسَه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِهَذِه الإبِلِ أوابِدَ كأوابِدِ الوَحشِ؛ فما غَلَبَكم مِنها فاصنَعوا به هَكَذا\". وعن عَبايَةَ عن رافِعٍ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لاقو العَدوِّ غَدًا، ولَيسَ معنا مُدًى، أفَنَذبَحُ بالقَصَبِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) الشاكلة: الخاصرة أو الجلد الذى بين عُرض الخاصرة وموصل الفخذ من الساق. التاج ٢٩/ ٢٧١ (ش ك ل).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٠٦، ١٧٢٨٣)، وأبو عوانة (٧٧٧٥) من طريق سعيد بن عامر به. والنسائى (٤٤٢١) من طريق شعبة بنحوه.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٨٨، ٣٠٧٥، ٥٤٩٨، ٥٥٠٣، ٥٥٤٤)، ومسلم (١٩٦٨/ ٢٣).","vol":"19","page":203},{"text":"فكُلْ، ما خَلا السِّنَّ والظُّفُرَ، وسأُخبِرُكَ عن ذَلِكَ، أمّا السِّنُّ فعَظْمٌ، وأَمّا الظُّفُرُ فمُدَى (^١) الحَبَشَةِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٦١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَنْدِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبيه، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بذِى الحُلَيفَةِ، فأَصابَ النّاسُ إبِلًا وغَنَمًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه، قال عَبايَةُ: ثُمَّ إنَّ ناضِحًا تَرَدَّى بالمَدينَةِ، فذُبِحَ مِن قِبَلِ شاكِلَتِه، فأَخَذَ مِنه ابنُ عُمَرَ عَشيرًا بدِرهَمَينِ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ؛ حَديثَ السِّنِّ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه بطولِه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n\n١٨٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو مَروانَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ظاهره يوهم أن مدى الحبشة لا تقع بها الذكاة، ولا خلاف أن مسلمًا لو ذكى بمدية حبشى كافر جاز، فمعنى الكلام أن أهل الحبشة يدمون مذابح الشاة بأظفارهم حتى تزهق النفس خنقًا وتعذيبًا ويحلونها محل الذكاة، فلذلك ضرب المثل به. عمدة القارى ١٤/ ٦٦.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٠٠٥، ١٠٠٦) - ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٧٧٧٧). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٤٣٨٣) من طريق زائدة به. وأبو داود (٢٨٢١) من طريق سعيد بن مسروق به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٨) عقب (٢٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٦٣)، والترمذى عقب (١٤٩٢)، والنسائى مختصرًا (٤٤٢٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٥٥٠٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٥٠٧، ٥٥٠٩)، وسلم (١٩٦٨/ ٢٠، ٢١).","vol":"19","page":204},{"text":"عبدُ العَزيزِ الدَّراوَرْدِىُّ، عن حَرامٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدٍ ابنَىْ جابِرٍ، عن أبيهِما أنَّه قال: مَرَّت عَلَينا بَقَرَةٌ مُمتَنِعَةٌ نافِرَةٌ، لا تَمُرُّ على أحَدٍ إلَّا نَطَحَته وشَدَّت عَلَيه، فخَرَجنا نكُدُّها حَتَّى بَلَغنا الصَّمّاءَ، ومعنا غُلامٌ قِبطىٌّ لِبَنى حَرامٍ ومَعَه مشتملٌ (^١)، فشَدَّت عَلَيه لِتَنطَحَه، فضَرَبَها أسفَلَ مِنَ المَنحَرِ وفَوقَ مَرجِعِ الكَتِفِ، فرَكِبَتْ رَدْعَها (^٢) فلَم يُدرَكْ لَها ذَكاةٌ. قال جابِرٌ: فأَخبَرتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- شأنَها، ففالَ: \"إذا استَوحَشَتِ الإنسيَّةُ وتَمَنَّعَت فإِنَّه يُحِلُّها ما يحِلُّ الوَحشيَّةَ، ارجِعوا إلَى بَقَرَتِكم فكُلوها\". فرَجَعْنا إلَيها فاجتَزَرناها (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبى العُشَراءِ الدارمىِّ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أمَا تكونُ الذَّكاةُ إلَّا فى الحَلقِ واللَّبَّةِ؟ قال: \"وأَبيكَ لَو طَعَنتَ فى فخِذِها لأجزأَ عَنكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". والمِشْمَل: سيف قصير دقيق يشتمل عليه الرجل ويغطيه بثوبه. ينظر التاج ٢٩/ ٢٨٩ (ش م ل).\n(^٢) ركبت ردعها: الردع العنق؛ أي سقطت على رأسها فاندقت عنقها. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٢١٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع - كما فى المطالب العالية (٢٥٩٢)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٨٥٢ من طريق حرام بنحوه مختصرًا. وعند ابن عدى: \"حرام عن أبى عتيق عن جابر\". وأبو عتيق كنية عبد الرحمن ابن جابر. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٧/ ٢٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٤٧)، وأبو داود (٢٨٢٥)، والترمذى (١٤٨١)، والنسائى (٤٤٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٣١٨٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٦٠٤): منكر.","vol":"19","page":205},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهَذا فى المُتَرَدِّى وأَشباهِهِ.\n\n١٨٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ما أعجَزَكَ مِنَ البَهائمِ فهو بمَنزِلَةِ الصَّيدِ أن تَرمِيَه (^١).\n\n١٨٩٦٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- فقالَ: إنَّ بَعيرًا لِى نَدَّ، فطَعَنتُه برُمحٍ. فقالَ: أهدِ لى عَجُزَه (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَيسٍ، عن غَضبانَ هو ابنُ يَزيدَ البَجَلِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: قَدِمَ النّاسُ الكوفَةَ، فأَعرَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحَىِّ، فاشتَرَى جَزورًا، فنَدَّت فذَهَبَت، ثُمَّ اشتَرَى أُخرَى، فخَشِىَ أن تَنِدَّ فعَرقَبَها وذَكَرَ اسمَ اللهِ، فماتَت، فأَتَوْا عبدَ اللهِ فسألوه، فأَمَرَهُم أن يأكُلوا، فواللهِ ما طابَت أنفُسُ الحَىِّ أن يأكُلوا مِنها شَيئًا حَتَّى جَعَلوا له مِنها بَضْعَةً، ثُمَّ أتَوْه بها فأَكَلَ، ورَجَعَ الحَىُّ إلَى طَعامِهِم فأَكَلوا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٧٨) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٠٢٦) من طريق خالد بنحوه، وعلقه البخارى فى ترجمة الباب عقب (٥٥٠٨) عن ابن عباس به. وليس عندهم جميعًا: \"أن ترميه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٧٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٠٢٩) من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"19","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3998>بابُ ما يُذَكَّى بهِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ -وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى سعيدٍ: عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ- عن أبيه، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لاقو العَدوِّ غَدًا، ولَيسَت معنا مُدًى، أنُذَكِّى باللِّيطِ (^١)؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذُكِرَ عَلَيه اسمُ اللهِ فكُلوا، إلَّا ما كان مِن سِنٍّ أو ظُفُرٍ؛ فإِنَّ السِّنَّ عَظمٌ مِنَ الإنسانِ، والظُّفُرَ مُدَى الحَبَشِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَهلِ بنِ بَحرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن جَدِّه [رافِعٍ -قال سفيانُ: ثُمَّ حَدَّثَنيه بَعدُ عُمَرُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ عن أبيه- عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن جَدِّه] (^٣) قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا لاقو العَدوِّ غَدًا،\n_________\n(^١) اللِّيط: قشر القصب، وأصله الواو لالتزاقه به؛ لأنه من: لاط يلوط إذا لزق، والمراد به هنا شظاياه لا القشر الأعلى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٠٥)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٣٥. وأخرجه الحميدى (٤١٠)، وأبو عوانة (٧٧٧٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"19","page":207},{"text":"ولَيسَ معنا مُدًى؛ أفَنُذَكِّى باللِّيطِ؟ فقالَ: \"ما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذُكرَ اسمُ اللهِ فكُلوا، إلَّا ما كان مِن ظُفُرٍ أو سِنٍّ؛ فإِنَّ السِّنَّ عَظمٌ مِنَ الإنسانِ، والظُّفُرَ مُدَى الحَبَشِ\". قالَ: وأَصَبنا إبِلًا وغَنَمًا، فكُنّا نَعدِلُ البَعيرَ بعَشرٍ مِنَ الغَنَمِ، فنَدَّ عَلَينا بَعيرٌ مِنها، فرَمَيناه بالنَّبلِ حَتَّى وهَصناه (^١). قال: فسألْنا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ لِهَذِه الإبِلِ أوابِدَ كأوابِدِ الوَحشِ، فإِذا نَدَّ مِنها شَئٌ فاصنَعوا به ذَلِكَ وكُلوا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ -﵁- قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنا نَلقَى العَدوَّ غَدًا، ولَيسَ معنا مُدًى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أَرِنْ (^٤) -أو: أَعجِلْ- ما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذُكرَ اسمُ اللهِ عَلَيه فكُلوا، ما لَم يَكُنْ سِنٌّ أو ظُفُرٌ، وسأُحَدِّثُكُم عن ذَلِكَ؛ أمّا السِّنُّ فعَظمٌ، وأَمّا الظُّفُرُ فمُدَى الحَبَشَةِ\". وتَقَدَّمَ سَرْعانُ النّاسِ فتَعَجَّلوا،\n_________\n(^١) وهصناه: رميناه رميا عنيفا. ويكون بمعنى: أسقطاه إلى الأرض، ورواه بعضهم فى غير مسلم:\n\"رهصناه\" ومعناه حبسناه. وينظر إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٤٢٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٤٣٩٤) من طريق إسماعيل بشطره الأول، وذكره الحميدى عقب (٤١٠، ٤١١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٨/ ٢٢).\n(^٤) أرن بمعنى: أعجل، وهو من النشاط والخفة. وفيها كلام كثير. ينظر صحيح مسلم شرح النووى\n١٣/ ١٢٣. وقد ضبط بوزن عَرِنْ وبوزن عَرْنِ. ينظر معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٧٨، وفتح البارى ٩/ ٦٣٩.","vol":"19","page":208},{"text":"فأَصابوا مِنَ المَغانِمِ، ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى آخِرِ النّاسِ، فنَصَبوا قُدورًا، فمَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالقُدورِ، فأَمَرَ بها فأُكفِئَت، وقَسَمَ بَينَهُم فعَدَلَ بَعيرًا بعَشرِ شِياهٍ، ونَدَّ بَعيرٌ مِن إبِلِ القَومِ، ولَم يَكُنْ مَعَهُم خَيلٌ، فرَماه رَجُلٌ بسَهمٍ، فحَبَسَه اللهُ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِهَذِه الإبِلِ أوابِدَ كأوابِدِ الوَحشِ، فما (^١) فعَلَ مِنها هذا فافعَلوا به مِثلَ هذا (^٢) \". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\nكَذا قال أبو الأحوَصِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، وسائرُ الرّواةِ عن سعيدٍ قالوا: عن عَبايَةَ عن جَدِّه.\nوقَد وافَقَ حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكِرْمانِىُّ أبا الأحوَصِ على رِوايَتِهِ:\n\n١٨٩٧٠ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، قالا: حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الكِرْمانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَحوَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"وإذا\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"هذه\". والحديث عند أبى داود (٢٨٢١). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٤٩١)، والنسائى (٤٤١٦) من طريق أبى الأحوص مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٥٤٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (٤٣٨٩) من طريق حسان بن إبراهيم بنحوه وليس فيه: \"عن أبيه\".","vol":"19","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-3999>بابُ الصَّيدِ يُرمَى فيَقَعُ على الأرضِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنا حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَبيعَةَ بنَ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِىَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أبو إدريسَ عائذُ اللهِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"وأَمّا ما ذَكَرتَ أنَّكَ بأَرضِ صَيدٍ، فما أصَبتَ بقَوسِكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ ثُمَّ كُلْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4000>بابُ الصَّيدِ يُرمَى فيَقَعُ على جَبَلٍ ثُمَّ يَتَرَدَّى مِنه أو يَقَعُ فى الماءِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجٌ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الصَّيدِ، قال: \"إذا رَمَيتَ سَهمَكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ، فإِن وجَدتَه قَد قَتَلَ فكُلْ، وإِن وجَدتَه قَد وقَعَ فى الماءِ فماتَ، فإِنَّكَ لا تَدرِى الماءُ قَتَلَه أو سَهمُكَ فلا تأكُل\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٥٥) عن هناد بطرف آخر منه، وليس فيه موضع الشاهد. وتقدم فى (١٣٣)، وسيأتى فى (١٩٧٤٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٣٠/ ٨)، والبخارى (٥٤٨٨).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"شريج\". وهو سريج بن يونس. تقدم فى (٦٧٨٢، ٦٩٥٩، ١١١٨٧). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٨٩٠٤، ١٨٩٢٠، ١٨٩٣٦).","vol":"19","page":210},{"text":"مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^١).\n\n١٨٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: إذا رَمَى أحَدُكُم صَيدًا فتَرَدَّى مِن جَبَلٍ فماتَ فلا تأكُلوا، فإِنِّى أخافُ أن يَكونَ التَّرَدِّى قَتَلَه، أو وقَعَ فى ماءٍ فماتَ فلا تأكُلْه، فإِنِّى أخافُ أن يَكونَ الماءُ قَتَلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4001>بابُ الصَّيدِ يُرمَى بحَجَرٍ أو بُندُقَةٍ</span>\n\n١٨٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا كَهْمَسٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا كَهمَسٌ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ قال: رأى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُغَفَّلٍ -﵁- رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِه يَخذِفُ (^٣) فقالَ: لا تَخذِفْ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَكرَهُ، أو قال: يَنهَى عن الخَذْفِ؛ فإِنَّه لا يُصطادُ به الصَّيدُ، ولا يُنكأُ به العَدُوُّ، ولَكِنَّه يَكسِرُ السِّنَّ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٦٢) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٢٨) من طريق الأعمش بنحوه.\n(^٣) الخذف: رميك بحصاة أو نواة أو نحوهما تأخذه بين سبابتك أو بمِخذفة من خشب ترمى به. التاج ٢٣/ ١٨٣ (خ ذ ف).","vol":"19","page":211},{"text":"ويَفقأُ العَينَ. ثُمَّ رآه بَعدَ ذَلِكَ يَخذِفُ، فقالَ له: أُخبِرُكَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يَكرَهُ أو يَنهَى عن الخَذفِ، ثُمَّ أراكَ تَخذِفُ، لا أُكَلِّمُكَ كَلِمَةً كَذا وكَذا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ وعن أبى داودَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَعْبَدٍ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن كَهمَسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٧٥ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ صُهْبانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ المُزَنِىِّ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الخَذْفَةِ، وقالَ: \"لا يُصادُ بها صَيدٌ، ولا يُنكأُ بها عَدوٌّ، وإِنَّ الخَذْفَةَ تَكسِرُ السِّنَّ، وتَفقأُ العَينَ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ بمَعناه (^٤). وهَذا اللَّفظُ أبيَنُ فيما قَصَدناه.\n\n١٨٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ أبى النَّجُودِ، عن زِرِّ بنِ حُبَيشٍ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ، فخَرَجتُ فى يَومِ عيدٍ، فإِذا رَجُلٌ مُتَلَبِّبٌ أعسَرُ أيسَرُ، يَمشِى مَعَ النّاسِ كأنَّه راكِبٌ، وهو يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦ (٥٩٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٤/ ٥٤)، والبخارى (٥٤٧٩).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٩٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٤٠)، وأبو داود (٥٢٧٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٨٤١، ٦٢٢٠)، ومسلم (١٩٥٤/ ٥٥).","vol":"19","page":212},{"text":"هاجِرُوا ولا تَهَجَّرُوا، واتَّقوا الأرنَبَ أن يَحذِفَها أحَدُكُم بالعَصا، ولَكِنْ ليُذَكِّ لَكُمُ الأسَلُ الرِّماحُ والنَّبلُ (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: هاجِروا ولا تَهَجَّروا، يقولُ: أخلِصوا النّيَّةَ فى الهِجرَةِ، ولا تَشَبَّهوا بالمُهاجِرينَ على غَيرِ نيَّةٍ مِنكُم؛ فهَذا هو التَّهَجُّرُ. قال: وكَلامُ العَرَبِ: أعسَرُ يَسَرُ، وهو الَّذِى يَعمَلُ بيَدَيه جَميعًا سَواءً (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن زُهَيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يقولُ فى المَقتولَةِ بالبُندُقَةِ: تِلكَ المَوقوذَةُ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ أنَّه قال: رَمَيتُ طائرَينِ بحَجَرٍ. قال: فأَصَبتُهُما؛ فأَمّا أحَدُهُما فماتَ، فطَرَحَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ -﵁-، وأَمّا الآخَرُ فذَهَبَ عبدُ اللهِ يُذَكِّيه بقَدُومٍ، فماتَ قبلَ أن يُذَكّيَه، فطَرَحَه أيضًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣١٠، ٣١١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٣٣) - ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٥١) من طريق عاصم بنحوه.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٣١١، ٣١٢.\n(^٣) علقه البخارى عقب (٥٤٧٥) عن ابن عمر به.\n(^٤) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٣ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٩١.","vol":"19","page":213},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4002>بابُ صَيدِ المِعراضِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَم، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن النَّخَعِىِّ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن المِعراضِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا رَمَيتَ فسَمَّيتَ فخَرَقَ فكُلْ وإِن قَتَلَ، وإِذا أصَبتَ بعَرضِه فقَتَلَ فلا تأكُلْ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بَشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَرْوانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ وزَكَريّا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ -﵁- قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن صَيدِ المِعراضِ، فقالَ: \"ما أصَبتَ بحَدِّه فكُلْ، وما أصَبتَ بعَرضِه فهو وقيذٌ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٥٥٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. والترمذى (١٤٦٥) من طريق سفيان بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٧٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٢٩/ ١). وتقدم فى (١٨٩٠١).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٨٩٠٥).","vol":"19","page":214},{"text":"وزَكَريّا بنِ أبى زائدَةَ وغَيرِهِما (^١).\nبابُ تَفسيرِ قَولِه ﷿: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]\n\n١٨٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى هذه الآيَةِ قال: ﴿وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ﴾: يَعنِى ما أُهِلَّ لِلطَّواغِيتِ كُلِّها، ﴿وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ﴾ التى تَنخَنِقُ فتَموتُ، ﴿وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ﴾ التى تُضرَبُ بالخَشَبِ حَتَّى يَقِذَها فتَموتَ، ﴿وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ﴾ التى تَتَرَدَّى مِنَ الجَبَلِ فتَموتُ، ﴿وَالنَّطِيحَةُ﴾ الشّاةُ تَنطَحُ الشّاةَ، ﴿وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ﴾ يقولُ: ما أخَذَ السَّبُعُ؛ فما أدرَكتَ مِن هذا كُلِّه فتَحَرَّكَ له ذَنَبٌ أو تَطرِفُ له عَينٌ فاذبَحْ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيه؛ فهو حَلالٌ. وقالَ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِن هذا التَّفسيرِ: ﴿إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ﴾ قال: يقولُ: ما ذَكَّيتُم مِن هَؤُلاءِ وبِه رُوحٌ فكُلوه؛ فهو ذَبيحٌ، ﴿وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ﴾ والنُّصُبُ: أنصابٌ كانوا يَذبَحونَ ويُهِلّونَ عَلَيها، [وفِى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ مِن هذا التَّفسيرِ] (^٢) قال: هِىَ الأصنامُ. وفِى قَولِه: ﴿وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ﴾: يَعنِى القِداحَ، كانوا يَستَقسِمونَ بها فى الأُمورِ، ﴿ذَلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ﴾ يَعنِى مَن أكَلَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٥٤٧٥) من حديث زكريا، و(٥٤٧٦) من حديث سليمان بن حرب، أما طريق عاصم (٥٤٨٤) فليس فيه موضع الشاهد، ومسلم (١٩٢٩/ ٣، ٤).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"19","page":215},{"text":"ذَلِكَ كُلِّه فهو فِسقٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4003>بابُ ما ذُبِحَ لِغَيرِ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أن مُعَلَّى بنَ أسَدٍ العَمِّىَّ [حَدَّثَهُم قال] (^٢): حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُختارِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى سالِمٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يُحَدِّثُ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه لَقِىَ زَيدَ بنَ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ بأَسفَلِ بَلْدَحَ، وذَلِكَ قبلَ أن يَنزِلَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الوَحىُ، فقَدَّمَ إلَيه سُفرَةً فيها لَحمٌ، فأَبَى أن يأكُلَ مِنها، ثُمَّ قال: إنِّى لا آكُلُ مِمّا تَذبَحونَ على أنصابِكُم، ولا آكُلُ إلَّا مِمّا ذُكِرَ اسمُ اللهِ عَلَيهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ (^٤).\n\n١٨٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرٌو هو ابنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ أبى بَزَّةَ، عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ قال: سُئلَ علىٌّ: هَل خَصَّكُم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بشَئٍ؟ قال: ما خَصَّنا بشَئٍ لَم يَعُمَّ به النّاسَ كافَّةً إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٧٢). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٥٦ - ٥٩، ٦١ - ٦٣، ٧١، ٧٧ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٣٦٩، ٥٦٣١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨١٨٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٤٢) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٤٩٩).","vol":"19","page":216},{"text":"ما كان فى قِرابِ سَيفِى هذا. قال: فأَخرَجَ صَحيفَةً فإِذا فيها: \"لَعَنَ الله مَن ذَبَحَ لِغَيرِ اللهِ، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن سَرَقَ مَنارَ الأرضِ (^١)، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن لَعَنَ والِدَيه، ولَعَنَ اللهُ مَن آوَى مُحدِثًا\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4004>بابُ ما جاءَ فى البَهيمَةِ تُريدُ أن تَموتَ فتُذبَحَ</span>\n\n١٨٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن رَجُلًا ذَبَحَ شاةً وهو يَرَى أنَّها قَد ماتَت، فتَحَرَّكَت، فسألَ أبا هريرةَ، فقالَ له: كُلْها. فسألَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، فقالَ له: لا تأكُلْها؛ فإِنَّ المَيتَةَ قَد تَتَحَرَّكُ (^٤).\n\n١٨٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى مُرَّةَ مَولَى عَقيلٍ أنَّه سألَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- عن شاةٍ ذُبِحَت، فتَحَرَّكَ بَعضُها، فأَمَرَه أن يأكُلَها، ثُمَّ سألَ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ -﵁- عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ زَيدٌ: إنَّ المَيتَةَ، أظُنُّه قال: لَتَتَحَرَّكُ. ونَهاه عن ذَلِكَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) منار الأرض: العلم والحد بين الأرضين. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٥٤، ١٣٠٧)، وابن حبان (٦٦٠٤) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائي فى الكبرى (٤٥١١) من طريق عامر بن واثلة أبى الطفيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٧٨/ ٤٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٧٣).\n(^٥) الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٩٠.","vol":"19","page":217},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ عن زَيدٍ كما:\n\n١٨٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ حاضِرَ بنَ مُهاجِرٍ أبا عيسَى الباهِلِىَّ قال: سَمِعتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁-، أن ذِئبًا نَيَّبَ (^١) فى شاةٍ فذَكَّوْها بمَروَةٍ، فرَخَّصَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بأَكلِها (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٨٧ - وكما أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا رَبيعَةُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أبى عَتّابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن شاةٍ نَيَّبَ فيها الذِّئبُ، فأُدرِكَت وبِها حَياةٌ، فذُكِّيَت، فأَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بأَكلِها.\n\n١٨٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى حارِثَةَ أنَّه كان يَرعَى لِقْحَةً (^٣) بشِعْبٍ مِن شِعابِ أُحُدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) نيب: أنشب أنيابه فيها. النهاية ٥/ ١٤٠.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ١١٣، ١١٤ وصححه، وأحمد (٢١٥٩٧) - ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٨٨٥). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٤٩٠، ٤٤٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٧٦) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. قال الذهبي ٧/ ٣٨٣١: إسناده جيد.\n(^٣) اللقحة: ذات اللبن من الإبل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦٢.","vol":"19","page":218},{"text":"فأَخَذَها المَوتُ، فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا يَنحَرُها به، فأَخَذَ وتِدًا فوَجَأَ (^١) به فى لَبَّتِها حَتَّى أُهريقَ دَمُها، ثُمَّ جاءَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، فأَمَرَه بأَكلِها (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٨٩ - حدثنا الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ -﵀- إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَطَرٍ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ أبى سوَيدٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحْبيلَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: كانَت لَنا شاةٌ أرادَت أن تَموتَ، فذَبَحناها فقَسَمناها، فجاءَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ مما فعَلَت شاتُكُم؟ \". قالَت: أرادَت أن تَموتَ، فذَبَحناها فقَسَمناها، ولَم يَبقَ عِندَنا مِنها إلَّا كَتِفٌ. قال: \"الشّاةُ كُلُّها لَكُم إلَّا الكَتِفَ\" (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ: الذَّكاةُ (^٤): العَينُ تَطْرِفُ، والذَّنَبُ يَتَحَرَّكُ، والرِّجْلُ تَرتَكِضُ (^٥). وبِمَعناه قال عُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ وطاوُسٌ وقَتادَةُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) وجأه بالسكين وغيرها: ضربه بها. النهاية ٥/ ١٥٢. وينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٢٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٤٧) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به. وسيأتى فى (١٩١٧٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٣٥٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٤٠)، والترمذى (٢٤٧٠) من طريق أبى\nإسحاق به مختصرًا، دون موضع الشاهد، وقال الترمذى: صحيح.\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"بحق\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن وهب فى موطئه كما فى الاستذكار ١٥/ ٢٤٤ من طريق ابن شهاب به.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق ٤/ ٤٩٩، ٥٠٠، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة ٧/ ١١٨، ١١٩، وتفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ٦٤، ٦٥.","vol":"19","page":219},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4005>بابُ الحِيتانِ ومَيْتَةِ البحرِ</span>\n\n١٨٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينىِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: الَّذِى حَفِظْناه مِن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- يقولُ: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثِمِائَةِ راكِبٍ، أميرُنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، نَرصُدُ عِيرَ قُرَيشٍ، فأَقَمنا بالسّاحِلِ -وقالَ سفيانُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: فأَتَينا السّاحِلَ- فأَقَمنا به نِصفَ شَهرٍ، فأَصابَنا جوعٌ شَديدٌ حَتَّى أكَلنا الخَبَطَ (^١). قال: فسُمِّىَ ذَلِكَ الجَيشُ جَيشَ الخَبَطِ. قال: فأَلقَى لَنا البحرُ دابَّةً يُقالُ لَها: العَنبَرُ، فأَكَلنا مِنه نِصفَ شَهرٍ، وادَّهَنّا مِن ودَكِه حَتَّى ثابَت إلَينا أجسامُنا. قال: فأَخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ضِلَعًا مِن أضلاعِه فنَصَبَه، وعَمَدَ إلَى أطوَلِ رَجُلٍ مَعَه -قال سفيانُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى: وأَخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ضِلَعًا مِن أضلاعِه فنَصَبَه، وأَخَذَ رَجُلًا وبَعيرًا فمَرَّ مِن تَحتِه- قال جابِرٌ: وكانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ نَحَرَ ثَلاثَ جَزائرَ، ثُمَّ نَحَرَ ثَلاثَ (^٢) جَزائرَ، ثُمَّ نَحَرَ ثَلاثَ (^٣) جَزائرَ، ثُمَّ إنّ أبا عُبَيدَةَ نَهاه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الجَبّارِ بنِ العَلاءِ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الخبط: ورق الشجر ينفض بالمخابط. التاج ٩/ ٢٣٢ (خ ب ط).\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) ليس: فى م.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى (٥٤٩٤)، والنسائى (٤٣٦٣)، وابن حبان (٥٢٥٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٣٦١)، ومسلم (١٩٣٥/ ١٨، ١٩).","vol":"19","page":220},{"text":"١٨٩٩١ - ورَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ فلَم يَذكُرِ السّاحِلَ، وقالَ: فأَخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ضِلَعًا مِن أضلاعِه فنَصَبَه، ثُمَّ نَظَرَ أطوَلَ رَجُلٍ وأَعظَمَ جَمَلٍ فى الجَيشِ، فأَمَرَه أن يَركَبَ الجَمَلَ ثُمَّ يَمُرَّ تَحتَه، ففَعَلَ فمَرَّ تَحتَه، فأَتَينا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرْناه، فقالَ: \"هَل مَعَكُم مِنه شَئٌ؟ \". قُلنا: لا. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٨٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ [بنِ يَحيَى] (^٢)، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- يقولُ: غَزَونا -جَيشَ الخَبَطِ- وأَميرُنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، فجُعنا جُوعًا شَديدًا، فأَلقَى البحرُ حُوتًا مَيْتًا لَم يُرَ مِثلُه يُقالُ له: العَنبَرُ، فأَكَلنا مِنه نِصفَ شَهرٍ، فأَخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ عَظمًا مِن عِظامِه، فمَرَّ الرّاكِبُ تَحتَه. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا -﵁- يقولُ: فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ: كُلوا. فلَمّا قَدِمْنا ذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"كُلوا؛ رِزقًا أخرَجَه اللهُ، أطعِمونا إن كان مَعَكُم\". فأَتاه بَعضُهُم فأَكَلَه (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ مَعَ زيادَةِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ هَكَذا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (١٢٤٢)، وفيه ذكر الساحل.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣٧)، وأبو عوانة (٧٦٢٣) من طريق ابن جريج مطولًا.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٣٦٢).","vol":"19","page":221},{"text":"١٨٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- قال: بَعَثَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأَمَّرَ عَلَينا أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ، نَتَلَقَّى عِيرًا لِقُرَيشٍ، وزَوَّدَنا جِرابًا مِن تَمرٍ لَم يَجِدْ لَنا غَيرَه، فكانَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ يُعطينا تَمرَةً تَمرَةً، فقُلنا: كَيفَ كُنتُم تَصنَعونَ بها؟ قال: نَمَصُّها كما يَمَصُّ الصَّبِىُّ، ثُمَّ نَشرَبُ عَلَيها مِنَ الماءِ، فيَكفينا يَومَنا إلَى اللَّيلِ، وكُنّا نَضرِبُ الخَبَطَ بعِصِيِّنا، ثُمَّ نبُلُّه بالماءِ فنأكُلُه، فأَصَبنا على ساحِلِ البحرِ مِثلَ الكَثيبِ الضَّخمِ دابَّةً تُدعَى العَنبَرَ، فقالَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ: مَيْتَةٌ. ثُمَّ قال: لا، بَل نَحنُ رُسُلُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وفِى سَبيلِ اللهِ، وقَدِ اضطُرِرتُم؛ فكُلوا. فأَكَلنا مِنه شَهرًا ونَحنُ ثَلاثُمِائَةٍ حَتَّى سَمِنّا، ولَقَد كُنّا نَغتَرِفُ مِن وَقْبِ (^١) عَينِه بالقِلالِ الدُّهنَ، ونَقطَعُ مِنه الفِدَرَ (^٢) كالثَّورِ، ولَقَد أخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ مِنّا ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فأَقامَهُم فى وَقْبِ عَينِه، وأَخَذَ ضِلَعًا مِن أضلاعِه فأَقامَها، ثُمَّ رَحَلَ أعظَمَ بَعيرٍ فمَرَّ تَحتَها، وتَزَوَّدنا مِن لَحمِه وشائقَ (^٣)، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ أتَينا\n_________\n(^١) الوقب: كالنقرة فى الشئ. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٧٨.\n(^٢) الفدر: جمع فِدْرة وهى القطعة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤٨.\n(^٣) وشائق: أي: شرائح ميبسة كالقديد، وقيل: بل الذى أغلى إغلاءة ثم رفع. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٩٧.","vol":"19","page":222},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"هو رِزقٌ أخرَجَه اللهُ لَكُم، فهَل مَعَكُم مِن لَحمِه شَئٌ فتُطعِمونا؟ \". فأَرسَلنا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنه، فأَكَلَ مِنه. لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى. وفِى رِوايَةِ أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ قال: وانطَلَقنا على ساحِلِ البحرِ، فرُفِعَ لَنا على ساحِلِ البحرِ كَهَيئَةِ الكَثيبِ الضَّخمِ، فأَتَيناه فإِذا دابَّةُ العَنبَرِ. وقالَ: لَقَد رأيتُنا نَغتَرِفُ مِن عَينِه بالقِلالِ الدُّهنَ، ونَقتَطِعُ مِنه الفِدَرَ كالثَّورِ، أو كَقَدْرِ الثَّورِ. وقالَ: فأَقعَدَهُم فى عَينَيه. وقالَ فى آخِرِه: فأَرسَلْنا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَكَلَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ [بنِ حَمدانَ] (^٣) النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ هو ابنُ زيادٍ السُّرِّىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- أنَّه قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعْثًا قِبَلَ السّاحِلِ، وأَمَّرَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ، وهُم ثَلاثُمِائَةٍ. قال جابِرٌ: وأَنا فيهِم، فخَرَجنا حَتَّى إذا كُنّا ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ فنِىَ الزّادُ، فأَمَرَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ بأَزوادِ ذَلِكَ الجَيشِ فجُمِعَ، فكانَ مِزْوَدَىْ تَمرٍ. قال: فكانَ يَقُوتُنا كُلَّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٣٨)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٠)، وابن حبان (٥٢٦٠) من طريق أبى خيثمة زهير بن معاوية به. والنسائى (٤٣٦٥) من طريق أبى الزبير محمد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٣٥/ ١٧).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"19","page":223},{"text":"يَومٍ -يَعنِى قَليلًا قَليلًا- حَتَّى فنِىَ، فلَم يَكُنْ يُصيبُنا كُلَّ يَومٍ إلَّا تَمرَةٌ، فقُلتُ: ما تُغنِى تَمرَةٌ؟ فقالَ: لَقَد وجَدنا فقدَها حينَ فَنِيَت. ثُمَّ انتَهَينا إلَى البحرِ، فإِذا بحوتٍ مِثلِ الظَّرِبِ (^١)، فأَكَلَ مِنه ذَلِكَ الجَيشُ ثَمانَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً، ثُمَّ أمَرَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ بضِلَعَينِ مِن أضلاعِه فنُصِبا، ثُمَّ أمَرَ براحِلَةٍ فرُحِلَت، ثُمَّ مَرَّت تَحتَها ولَم يُصبْها (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ (^٤) بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ كَثيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ وهبَ بنَ كَيسانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَريَّةً أنا فيهِم إلَى سِيفِ البحرِ، فأَرمَلْنا (^٥) الزّادَ حَتَّى جَمَعنا ما مَعَ كُلِّ إنسانٍ، فجَعَلناه واحِدًا، حَتَّى كان يُعطَى كُلُّ إنسانٍ قَدرَ ما يُصيبُه، حَتَّى ما كان يُصيبُ إنسانًا إلَّا تَمرَةٌ كُلَّ يَومٍ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ لِجابِرٍ: يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ، وما يُغنِى عن رَجُلٍ تَمرَةٌ؟ قال: يا ابنَ أخِى، قَد وجَدْنا فَقْدَها حينَ\n_________\n(^١) الظرب: الجبل الصغير. ينظر إكمال المعلم ٦/ ٣٧٦.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٣٠ - ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٢٨٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٧٩٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٦٢).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٣٦٠)، ومسلم (١٩٣٥/ ٢١).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"كأنه أحمد\"، وهو الصواب، فهو أبو جعفر أحمد بن عبد الحميد ابن خالد الحارثى الكوفى. ينظر ترجمته فى سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/ ٥٠٨. وتقدم مرارًا.\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"فأزملنا\"، والمراد: ذهاب الزاد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤١٥.","vol":"19","page":224},{"text":"فَنِيَت. قال جابِرٌ: فبَينا نَحنُ على ذَلِكَ إذ رأينا سَوادًا، فلَمّا غَشِيَنا إذا دابَّةٌ مِنَ البحرِ قَد خَرَجَت مِنَ البحرِ، فأَناخَ عَلَيها العَسكَرُ ثَمانَ عَشرَةَ لَيلَةً، يأكُلونَ مِنها ما شاءوا حَتَّى أربَعُوا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٨٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سَلَمةَ مَولَى الأزرَقِ، أن المُغيرَةَ بنَ أبى بُردَةَ وهو مِن بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: سألَ رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا نَركَبُ البحرَ، ونَحمِلُ معنا القَليلَ مِنَ الماءِ؛ فإِن تَوَضّأْنا به عَطِشنا، أفَنَتَوَضّأُ مِن ماءِ البحرِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو الطَّهورُ ماؤُه الحِلُّ مَيتَتُه\" (^٣).\n\n١٨٩٩٧ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنِى إسحاقُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن ابنِ مِقسَمٍ يَعنِى عُبَيدَ اللهِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أربع القوم: صاروا فى الربيع، وهى كناية عما هم فيه من خصب. التاج ٢١/ ٥٠ (ر ب ع).\nوالحديث أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦٢٦) عن أحمد -محمد- بن عبد الحميد الحارثى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٣٨) عقب (٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١١١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (١).","vol":"19","page":225},{"text":"البحرِ، فقالَ: \"هو الطَّهورُ ماؤُه الحِلُّ مَيتَتُه\" (^١).\n\n١٨٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُنقِذٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إدريسُ بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنِى الفَضلُ (^٢) بنُ المُختارِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن عِصمَةَ بنِ مالكٍ الخَطْمِىِّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ذَكَّى لكُم صَيدَ البحرِ\" (^٣). هذا إسنادٌ غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁-:\n\n١٨٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ العُمَرِىُّ (^٤)، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ أبى بَشيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ يقولُ: إنّ اللهَ ذَبَحَ لَكُم ما فى البحرِ، فكُلوه كُلَّه؛ فإِنَّه ذَكِىٌّ (^٥).\nورَوَى حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ شَيخًا يُكنَى أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ الصِّدّيقَ يقولُ: ما فى البحرِ مِن شَئٍ إلَّا قَد ذَكّاه اللهُ لَكُم (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢١٠).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"المفضل\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ١٨٦ (٥٠٠)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٤١ من طريق إبراهيم بن منقذ من حديث عصمة بن مالك دون ذكر حذيفة.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"المعمرى\".\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٦ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"19","page":226},{"text":"١٩٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى الطُّفَيلِ، أن أبا بكرٍ سُئلَ عن مَيتَةِ البحرِ، فقالَ: هو الطَّهورُ ماؤُه الحَلالُ (^١) مَيتَتُه (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وأَبِى الزُّبَيرِ: سَمِعا شُرَيحًا -رَجُلًا أدرَكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-- قال: كُلُّ شَئٍ فى البحرِ مَذبوحٌ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن شُرَيحٍ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن جابِرٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَرجِسَ مَرفوعًا (^٥).\nوفِى بَعضِ ما ذَكَرنا إسنادَه كِفايَةٌ، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4006>بابُ السَّمَكِ يَصطادُه يَهودِىٌّ أو نَصرانِىٌّ أو مَجوسِىٌّ أو وثَنِىٌّ</span>\n\n١٩٠٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ أسلَمَ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباس -﵄- قال: كُلْ ما أَلقَى البحرُ وما صِيدَ مِنه؛ صادَه\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"الحل\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسدد - كما فى المطالب العالية (٢٥٨٩)، وعنه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٢٨، من طريق عمرو وأبى الزبير به. وعلقه البخارى عقب (٥٤٩٢) -فى ترجمة الباب- عن شريح به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٩، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٣٧٦٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٥) أخرجهما الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٧.","vol":"19","page":227},{"text":"يَهودِىٌّ أو نَصرانِىٌّ أو مَجوسِىٌّ. قال: وطَعامُه ما ألقَى (^١).\n\n١٩٠٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ ابنُ البَغدادِىِّ الهَرَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كُلِ السَّمَكَ، ولا يَضُرُّكَ مَن صادَه مِنَ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4007>بابُ ما لَفَظَ البحرُ وطَفا مِن مَيْتِهِ </span>(^٣)\n\n١٩٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَه، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: غَزَونا فجُعنا، حَتَّى إنَّ الجَيشَ يَقتَسِمُ التَّمرَةَ والتَّمرَتَينِ، فبَينا نَحنُ على شَطِّ البحرِ إذ رَمَى البحرُ بحوتٍ مَيْتٍ، فاقتَطَعَ النّاسُ مِنه ما شاءوا مِن [لَحمٍ أو شَحمٍ] (^٤)، وهو مِثلُ الظَّرِبِ، فبَلَغَنِى أن النّاسَ لَمّا قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أخبَروه، فقالَ لَهُم: \"أمَعَكُم مِنه شَئٌ؟ \" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٧٢٧ من طريق زائدة بلفظ: \"طعامه كل ما ألقاه البحر\". والبخارى تعليقًا عقب (٥٤٩٢) -فى ترجمة الباب- عن ابن عباس.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٠١) عن أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"ميتة\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"لحمه أو شحمه\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٦، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٩/ ٢٠، ٢١ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"19","page":228},{"text":"١٩٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، [سَمِعَ عمرٌو جابِرَ] (^١) بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- يقولُ: بَعَثَنا النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى ثَلاثِمِائَةِ راكِبٍ، وأَميرُنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، نَطلُبُ عِيرَ قُرَيشٍ، فأَقَمنا على السّاحِلِ حَتَّى فَنِىَ زادُنا، فأَكَلنا الخَبَطَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ البحرَ ألقَى لَنا دابَّةً يُقالُ لَها: العَنبَرُ، فأَكَلنا مِنه نِصفَ شَهرٍ حَتَّى صَلَحَت أجسامُنا، وأَخَذَ أبو عُبَيدَةَ ضِلَعًا مِن أضلاعِه فنَصَبَه، ونَظَرَ إلَى أطوَلِ بَعيرٍ فى الجَيشِ وأَطوَلِ رَجُلٍ، فحَمَلَه عَلَيه فجازَ تَحتَه، وقَد كان رَجُلٌ نَحَرَ ثَلاثَ جَزائرَ، ثُمَّ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ نَهاه أبو عُبَيدَةَ، وكانَ يَرَونَه (^٢) قَيسَ بنَ سعدٍ (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى بَشيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أشهَدُ على أبى بكرٍ أنَّه قال: السَّمَكَةُ الطّافيَةُ حَلالٌ لِمَن أرادَ أكلَها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"ثنا عمرو سمع جابر\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"يرويه\". والأثر عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦١٣).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦١٣). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦١٥) عن أحمد بن شيبان الرملى به. وتقدم فى (١٨٩٩٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٣٦١)، ومسلم (١٩٣٥/ ١٨، ١٩).\n(^٥) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٥٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٠/ ٢١٠ من=","vol":"19","page":229},{"text":"١٩٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ بهَذا. قال: السَّمَكَةُ الطّافيَةُ على الماءِ حَلالٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الرّازِىُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: الجَرادُ والنُّونُ ذَكِىٌّ كُلُّه (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَرْدَسْتانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: الحيتانُ والجَرادُ ذَكِىٌّ كُلُّه (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ الإسفَرايِينِىُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُثَنَّى، عن ثُمامَةَ، عن\n_________\n= طريق سفيان به. وأخرجه أبو داود فى بعض روايات كتابه - كما فى تحفة الأشراف (٦٦٠٢) من\nطريق عبد الملك بنحوه، وقال المزى عقبه: \"هذا الحديث فى رواية أبى الحسن ابن العبد عن أبى\nداود، ولم يذكره أبو القاسم\".\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٩٧) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٠ من طريق هشام بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٨١) من طريق قتادة بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٦٣) عن الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٨٢) من طريق جعفر به، وفيه زيادة.","vol":"19","page":230},{"text":"أنَسٍ، عن أبى أيّوبَ -﵁- أنَّه رَكِبَ فى البحرِ فى رَهْطٍ مِن أصحابِه، فوَجَدوا سَمَكَةً طافيَةً على الماءِ، فسألوه عَنها، فقالَ: أطَيِّبَةٌ هِىَ لَم تَتَغَيَّرْ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. قال: فكُلوها، وارفَعوا نَصيبِى مِنها. وكانَ صائمًا. هَكَذا رَواه زاهِرٌ.\nورَواه الدّارَقُطنِىُّ عن أبى بكرٍ فقالَ: عن ثُمامَةَ بنِ أنَسٍ عن أبى أيّوبَ (^١). وإِنَّما هو ثُمامَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ؛ فيُشبِهُ أن تَكونَ رِوايَةُ زاهِرٍ أصَحَّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه أيضًا جَبَلَةُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ عن أبى أيّوبَ.\nويُذكَرُ عن مُريحٍ (^٢) وبِشرٍ ابنَىِ الخَوْلانِىِّ؛ أحَدُهُما أو كِلاهُما أن أبا أيّوبَ وأَبا صِرمَةَ الأنصارِىِّ أكَلا الطّافِىَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زَكَريّا السّاجِىُّ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أجلَحَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيلِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا بأسَ بالطّافِى مِنَ السَّمَكِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٠. وذكره ابن حزم فى المحلي ٨/ ٧٩ من طريق ثمامة بن أنس بن مالك أن أبا أيوب الأنصارى بنحوه.\n(^٢) فى م: \"مريخ\"، وفى مصدر التخريج: \"تريح\". ينظر الإكمال ٥/ ٢٢٣، ولسان الميزان ٢/ ٣٢.\n(^٣) ذكره البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٧٢، ٧٣.\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤١٩، ورواه الثورى عن الأجلح كما فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٤٥٣،\n٨٦٥٩)، وشرح المشكل ١٠/ ٢١٣، وعلى بن مسهر عن الأجلح فى مصنف ابن أبى شيبة=","vol":"19","page":231},{"text":"١٩٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنْجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- أنَّهُما كانا لا يَرَيانِ بأَكلِ ما لَفَظَ البحرُ بأسًا (^١).\n\n١٩٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن ثُوَيبٍ قال: رَمَى البحرُ بسَمَكٍ كَثيرٍ مَيْتًا، فأَتَينا أبا هريرةَ -﵁- فاستَفتَيناه، فأَمَرَنا بَأَكلِه، فرَغِبنا عن فُتيا أبى هريرةَ، فأَتَينا مَروانَ، فأَرسَلَ إلَى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- فسألَه فقالَ: حَلالٌ فكُلوه (^٢).\n\n١٩٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قَدِمتُ البحرَينِ، فسألَنِى أهلُ البحرَينِ عَمّا يَقذِفُ البحرُ مِنَ السَّمَكِ، فأَمَرتُهُم بأَكلِه، فلَمّا\n_________\n= (١٩٩٩٠) بالنهى عن أكل الطافى خلافًا لرواية شعبة عن الأجلح.\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٥ ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٩٥. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٠٠٤)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٨٤ من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٦٤)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٨٤، والدارقطنى فى المؤتلف\n١/ ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"19","page":232},{"text":"قَدِمتُ سألتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: ما أمَرتَهُم؟ قُلتُ: أمَرتُهُم بأَكلِه. فقالَ: لَو قُلتَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَوتُكَ بالدِّرَّةِ. ثُمَّ قرأَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٦] قال: صَيدُه: ما اصطيدَ، وطَعامُه: ما رَمَى بهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: أقبَلتُ مِنَ البحرَينِ، حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ بالرَّبَذَةِ، سألَنِى ناسٌ مِن أهلِ العِراقِ -وهُم مُحرِمونَ- عن صَيدٍ وجَدوه على الماءِ طافٍ، فسألونِى عن اشتِرائه وأَكلِه، فأَمَرتُهُم أن يَشتَروه ويأكُلوه وهُم مُحرِمونَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ، فكأنَّه وقَعَ فى قَلبِى شَكٌّ مِمّا أمَرتُهُم، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فقالَ: وما أمَرتَهُم بهِ؟ قال: قُلتُ: أمَرتُهُم أن يَشتَروه ويأكُلوه. قال: لَو أمَرتَهُم بغَيرِ ذَلِكَ لَفَعَلتُ. أي كأنَّه يَتَوَعَّدُه (^٢).\n\n١٩٠١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٣٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه السمرقندى فى تفسيره بحر العلوم ١/ ٤٤١ من طريق أبى عوانة. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٧٢٦ من طريق عمر بن أبى سلمة به. وينظر الدر المنثور ٥/ ٥٣٢، ٥٣٣. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٠٠٠٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحسن بن على بن عفان فى الأمالى والقراءة (٤) عن جعفر بن عون به. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٠٠٠٤).","vol":"19","page":233},{"text":"عاصِمٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى مِجلَزٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ﴾ قال: صَيدُه: ما صِيدَ، وطَعامُه: ما قَذَفَ (^١).\n\n١٩٠١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضْرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا حُصينٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: صَيدُه: ما اصطيدَ، وطَعامُه: ما لَفَظَ به البحرُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبى هريرةَ سألَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- عَمّا لَفَظَ البحرُ، فنَهاه عن أكلِهِ. قال نافِعٌ: ثُمَّ انقَلَبَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، فدَعا بالمُصحَفِ، فقَرأَ: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ﴾ قال نافِعٌ: فأَرسَلَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ إلَى عبدِ الرَّحمَن بنِ أبى هريرةَ: إنَّه لا بأسَ به، فكُلْه (^٣).\n\n١٩٠١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن سَعدٍ الجارِىِّ (^٤) مَولَى عُمَرَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠١٢٢). مقتصرًا على: \"طعامه ما قذف\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٣٥ - تفسير). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٠ من طريق خلف بن خليفة به.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٥ و، ظ- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٩٤، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى الفقيه والمتفقه (١٢١٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٦٩) من طريق نافع بنحوه.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \" الحارثى\".","vol":"19","page":234},{"text":"الخطابِ أنَّه قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن الحِيتانِ يَقتُلُ بَعضُها بَعضًا أو تَموتُ صَرَدًا (^١)، فقالَ: لَيسَ بها بأسٌ. قال سَعدٌ: ثُمَّ سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4008>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أكلَ الطّافى</span>\n\n١٩٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ نَيْرُوزٍ (^٣)، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الحَسّانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- أنَّه كان يقولُ: ما ضَرَبَ به البحرُ، أو جَزَرَ عنه، أو صِيدَ فيه فكُلْ، وما ماتَ فيه ثُمَّ طَفا فلا تأكُلْ (^٤).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه أيّوبُ السَّخْتِيانِىُّ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ وزُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وغَيرُهُم عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n[وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الجَماعَةُ: وكيعٌ] (^٦) وعَبدُ الرَّزّاقِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ وأبو عاصِمٍ ومُؤَمَّلُ بنُ إسماعيلَ وغَيرُهُم عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) صَرَدًا: أي بَرْدًا. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٤٢.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٩٥، ومن طريقه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٠١٤).\n(^٣) فى م، ومصدر التخريج: \"فيروز\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٩، ١٦/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٩٩٨٦، ٢٠٠٠٢) من طريق أيوب به. وينظر سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٦) ليس فى: م.","vol":"19","page":235},{"text":"(١) عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ مَوقوفًا (^١).\nوخالَفَهُم أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ فرَواه عن الثِّورِىِّ مَرفوعًا، وهو واهِمٌ فيه:\n\n١٩٠٢٠ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ إسحاقَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِىىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا طَفا السَّمَكُ على الماءِ فلا تأكُلْه، وإِذا جَزَرَ عنه البحرُ فكُلْه، وما كان على حافَتَيه (^٢) فكُلْه\". قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَرفَعْ هذا الحديثَ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا أبو أحمدَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عَبْدَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ الطّائفِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما ألقَى البحرُ أو جَزَرَ عنه فكُلوه، وما ماتَ فيه وطَفا فلا تأكُلوه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م. والأثر عند عبد الرزاق (٨٦٦٢)، وينظر سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"حافته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٨ من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٨١٥) - ومن طريقه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٨. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢٤٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٢٨)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢٨٥٩) من طريق أحمد بن عبدة به.","vol":"19","page":236},{"text":"قال أبو داودَ: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وأَيّوبُ وحَمّادٌ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ؛ وقَفوه على جابِرٍ. قال: وقَد أُسنِدَ هذا الحديثُ أيضًا مِن وجهٍ ضعيفٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ الطّائفِىُّ كَثيرُ الوَهْمِ سيِّئُ الحِفظِ (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه غَيرُه عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\nورَوَى أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ حديثَ ابنِ أبى ذئبٍ عن الحُسَينِ بنِ يَزيدَ الكوفِىِّ عن حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما اصطَدتُموه وهو حَىٌّ فَكُلوه، وما وجَدتُم مَيْتًا طافيًا فلا تأكُلوه\" (^٤) قال أبو عيسَى: سألتُ محمدًا -يَعنِى البُخارِىَّ- عن هذا الحديثِ، فقالَ: لَيسَ هذا بمَحفوظٍ، ويُروَى عن جابِرٍ خِلافُ هذا، ولا أعرِفُ لابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ شَيئًا (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رَواه أيضًا يَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) سنن أبى داود عقب (٣٨١٥).\n(^٢) هو يحيى بن سليم القرشى الطائفى، أبو محمد المكى الحذاء الخراز. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٧٩، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٥٦، والثقات ٧/ ٦١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٣٦٥، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٩/ ٣٠٧. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣٤٩: صدوق سيئ الحفظ.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش عن إسماعيل بن أمية به. وقال: موقوف، هو الصحيح.\n(^٤) الترمذى فى العلل ص ٢٤٢. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٦٥٦) من طريق الحسين بن يزيد به.\n(^٥) الترمذى فى العلل ص ٢٤٢.","vol":"19","page":237},{"text":"مَرفوعًا. ويَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ مَتروكٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢). وعَبدُ العَزيزِ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\nورَواه بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ مَرفوعًا. ولا يُحتَجُّ بما يَنفَرِدُ به بَقيَّةُ؛ فكَيفَ بما يُخالَفُ فيهِ؟!\nوقَولُ الجَماعَةِ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ على خِلافِ قَولِ جابِرٍ، مَعَ ما رُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال فى البحرِ: \"هو الطَّهورُ ماؤُه الحِلُّ مَيتَتُه\" (^٤). وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4009>بابُ ما جاءَ فى أكلِ الجَرادِ</span>\n\n١٩٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البِسطامِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ والحَوضِىُّ، قالوا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ، سَمِعَ ابنَ أبى أوفَى -﵁- يقولُ: غَزَوتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٦٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٠٢٦)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٩٢٣، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٧ من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبيد الله به.\n(^٣) هو عبد العزيز بن عبيد الله بن حمزة بن صهيب بن سنان الشامى الحمصى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣٨٧، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ١٧٠، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٣٩٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ٦٣٢. وقال ابن حجر فى الكريب ١/ ٥١١: ضعيف.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١ - ٤).","vol":"19","page":238},{"text":"مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ نأكُلُ مَعَه الجَرادَ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ البِسطامِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى أوفَى ﵁ سُئلَ عن الجَرادِ، فقالَ: غَزَوتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سِتَّ غَزَواتٍ أو سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ كُنّا نأكُلُه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وقالَ: سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ أو سِتَّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ النَّضرِ بنِ سَلَمةَ الجارودِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارِ بنِ عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدٌ وهو ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ قال: سألتُ (^٣) شَريكِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبى أوفَى -﵁- وأَنا مَعَه عن الجَرادِ، قال: لا بأسَ به، وقَد غَزَوتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ فكُنّا نأكُلُه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٢٥٧) عن أبى خليفة الفضل بن الحباب عن أبى الوليد وحده به. وأبو داود (٣٨١٤) عن حفص بن عمر الحوضى به. والنسائى (٤٣٦٧) من طريق شعبة به وفيه: \"سبع غزوات\". وأيضًا (٤٣٦٨) من طريق أبى يعفور به، وفيه: \"ست غزوات\".\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٤٩٥).\n(^٣) ضبب عليها فى الأصل وكتب فوقها \"ص\"، وفى الحاشية: \"سأل\" وكتب فوقها: \"خ ر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٨٢٢) عن محمد بن بشار بنحوه. وأحمد (١٩١٥٠) عن محمد بن جعفر به، وفيه: \"سأل شريكى ... \".\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٥٢) عقب (٥٢).","vol":"19","page":239},{"text":"سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبى يَعفورٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى أوفَى قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- سَبعَ غَزَواتٍ أو سِتًّا، فكُنّا نأكُلُ الجَرادَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمْشاذَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ أبى موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ الزِّبْرِقانِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ -﵁- قال: سُئلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن الجَرادِ فقالَ: \"أكثَرُ جُنودِ اللهِ، لا آكُلُه ولا أُحَرِّمُه\". قال أبو داودَ: رَواه المُعتَمِرُ عن أبيه عن أبى عثمانَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. لَم يَذكُرْ سَلمانَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الأنصارِىُّ عن سُلَيمانَ:\n\n١٩٠٢٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنى سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أكثَرُ جُنودِ اللهِ فى الأرضِ الجَرادُ، لا آكُلُه ولا أُحَرِّمُه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٣٨٩١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٩٨)، والترمذى (١٨٢١)، والنسائى (٤٣٦٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، على اختلاف فى عدد الغزوات بين الست والسبع والشك.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٢) عقب (٥٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨١٣). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨١٩).\n(^٤) حديث الأنصارى (٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٧٥٧) من طريق التيمى به.","vol":"19","page":240},{"text":"١٩٠٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالا: حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُمارَةَ، عن أبى العَوّامِ الجَزّارِ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ، فقالَ مِثلَه، وقالَ: \"أكثَرُ جُندِ اللهِ\" (^١). قال علىٌّ: اسمُه فائدٌ. يَعنِى أبا العَوّامِ. قال أبو داودَ: رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سَلَمةَ عن أبى العَوّامِ عن أبى عثمانَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَم يَذكُرْ سَلمانَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: إنْ صَحَّ هذا ففيه أيضًا دِلالَةٌ على الإِباحَةِ؛ فإِنَّه إذا لَم يُحَرِّمْه فقَد أحَلَّه، وإِنَّما لَم يأكُلْه تَقَذُّرًا. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُحِلَّت لَنا مَيْتَتانِ ودَمانِ؛ المَيتَتانِ الحوتُ والجَرادُ، والدَّمانِ -أحسِبُه قال:- الكَبِدُ والطِّحالُ\" (^٣).\nورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعَبدِ اللهِ وأُسامَةَ بَنِى زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن أبيهِم هَكَذا مَرفوعًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨١٤). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢١٩) عن نصر بن على به. والطبرانى (٦١٤٩) من طريق زكريا بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٣٨١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦١٧)، والشافعى ٢/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٢١٢).","vol":"19","page":241},{"text":"ورَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: أُحِلَّت لَنا مَيتَتانِ (^١). وهَذا هو الصَّحيحُ.\n\n١٩٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ حَيْوَةَ بنَ شُرَيحٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سِنانَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ: سألتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- عن الجَرادِ فقالَ: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى خَيبَرَ، ومَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قَفعَةٌ (^٢) فيها جَرادٌ قَدِ احتَقَبَها (^٣) وراءَه، فيَرُدُّ يَدَه وراءَه فيأخُذُ مِنها فيُناوِلُنا ونأكُلُ (^٤) ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَنظُرُ. قال أنَسٌ: ثُمَّ رَجَعنا إلَى المَدينَةِ فكُنّا نُؤتَى به، فنَشتَريه ونُكثِرُ، ونُجَفِّفُه فوقَ الأجاجيرِ (^٥) فنأكُلُ مِنه زَمانًا (^٦).\n\n١٩٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: سُئلَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ عن الجَرادِ، فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢١١).\n(^٢) القفعة: سيأتى معناها فى (١٩٠٣٤).\n(^٣) احتقبها: وضعها فى حقيبة، والحقيبة: الرفادة فى مؤخر القتب (إكاف البعير). التاج ٢/ ٢٩٩ (ح ق ب).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"يأكل\".\n(^٥) الأجاجير: واحدها إجّار وهو والسطح واحد. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٧٦.\n(^٦) أخرجه الضياء فى المختارة (٢١٧٤) من طريق أبى زكريا وحده. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٦٤ من طريق ابن وهب، ولم يسق لفظه. وفيهما: \"حنين\" بدل: \"خيبر\".","vol":"19","page":242},{"text":"ودِدتُ أنَّ عِندَنا قَفعَةً نأكُلُ مِنها (^١).\n\n١٩٠٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن اللَّجْلاجَ حَدَّثَه، أن واهِبَ (^٢) بنَ عبدِ اللهِ المَعافِرِىَّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه دَخَلَ هو وعَبدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ على رَبيبِ (^٣) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقَرَّبَت إلَيهِم جَرادًا مَقلُوًّا بسَمنٍ، فقالَت: كُلْ يا مِصرِىُّ مِن هذا، لَعَلَّ الصِّيرَ (^٤) أحَبُّ إلَيكَ مِن هذا. قال: قُلتُ: إنّا لَنُحِبُّ الصِّيرَ. فقالَت: كُلْ يا مِصرِىُّ؛ إنَّ نَبيًّا مِنَ الأنبياءِ سألَ اللهَ لَحمَ طَيرٍ لا ذَكاةَ له، فرَزَقَه اللهُ الحِيتانَ والجَرادَ.\n\n١٩٠٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا نُمَيرُ بنُ يَزيدَ القَيْنِىُّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ صُدَىَّ بنَ عَجْلانَ أبا أُمامَةَ الباهِلِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ مَريَمَ ابنَةَ عِمرانَ سألَت رَبَّها أن يُطعِمَها لَحمًا لا دَمَ له، فأَطعَمَها الجَرادَ، فقالَت: اللَّهُمَّ أعِشْه بغَيرِ رَضاعٍ، وتابعْ بَينَه بغَيرِ شِياعٍ\". قُلتُ: يا أبا الفَضلِ ما الشِّياعُ؟ قال: الصَّوتُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٣٣. وأخرجه إسماعيل بن جعفر فى جزئه (٣٩) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار بنحوه.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"وهب\".\n(^٣) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"صح\"، وفى س: \"زينب زوج\"، وفى م: \"زينب\". وربيب رسول الله -ﷺ- هى زينب بنت أبى سلمة. ينظر الإصابة ١٣/ ٢٠١.\n(^٤) الصير: السمكات المملوحة. التاج ١٢/ ٣٧٣ (ص ى ر).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر ٧٠/ ٩٤ من طريق المصنف به. والذهبى فى ميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢٥٩ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به. والطبرانى (٧٦٣١)، وفى مسند الشاميين (١٢٤٣) من طريق بقية بنحوه، =","vol":"19","page":243},{"text":"١٩٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ العَطّارُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِه وأبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ أُميْرَكُ النَّيسابورِىُّ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ البَقّالُ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: كُنَّ أزواجُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلْنَ الجَرادَ، ويَتَهادَينَه بَينَهُنَّ. قال يَزيدُ: فقُلتُ لِسَعيدٍ (^١): سَمِعتَه مِن أنَسٍ؟ قالْ نَعَم (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن سعيدِ بي المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ وابنَ عُمَرَ والمِقدادَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ وصُهَيبًا -﵃- أكَلوا جَرادًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: لَو أنَّ عِندَنا مِنه قَفْعَةً أو قَفعَتَينِ (^٣).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: القَفعَةُ: شَئٌ شَبيهٌ بالزَّبِيلِ (^٤) لَيسَ بالكَبيرِ، يُعمَلُ مِن\n_________\n= وعنده فيهما: \"شباع\" بالباء الموحدة.\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: سعيد هو أبو سعد البقال، هو سعيد بن المرزبان. والله أعلم\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى (١٥٨٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن ماجه (٣٢٢٠) من طريق أبى سعيد (سعد) البقال بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٩٣٥) عن يزيد بن هارون بنحوه، وفيه: \"المقداد بن الأسود\".\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"الزنبيل\". والزبيل بفتح الزاى، والزنبيل بكسر الزاى وزيادة نون، وكلاهما صحيح،\nهى القفة الكبيرة ونحوها. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٠٩.","vol":"19","page":244},{"text":"خُوصٍ، ولَيسَت له عُرًى (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن علىٍّ أنَّه قال: الحِيتانُ والجَرادُ ذَكِىٌّ كُلُّه (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيْرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ أبى عَوْنٍ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ الأَخنَسِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ كَعبِ بنِ عُجْرَةَ، أن أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵁- كان يَراهُم يأكُلونَ الجَرادَ -بَنيه وأَهلَه- فلا يَنهاهُم ولا يأكُلُ هو. قالَت زَينَبُ: أُراه كان يَقذَرُه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4010>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الضِّفْدِعِ</span>\n\n١٩٠٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ خالِدِ بنِ قارِظٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عثمانَ قال: سألَ طَبيبٌ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن ضِفدِعٍ يَجعَلُها فى\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٩٠٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٤٩٤٥) من طريق سعد بن إسحاق بنحوه، وفيه: \"زينب بنت أبى سعيد\"، وأشار محققه إلى عدم صحة ذلك، والصواب أنها زينب بنت كعب بن عجرة وهى زوجة أبى سعيد الخدرى. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٥/ ١٨٦.","vol":"19","page":245},{"text":"دَواءٍ، فنَهاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن قَتلِها (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦١٩)، والطيالسى (١٢٧٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٥٧)، وأبو داود\n(٣٨٧١، ٥٢٦٩)، والنسائى (٤٣٦٦) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. وصححه الالبانى فى صحيح أبى\nداود (٣٢٧٩).","vol":"19","page":246},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4011>كتابُ الضحايا</span>\nبسمِ اللهِ الرحمنِ الرحيم\nقال اللهُ جل ثناؤه: ﴿فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ﴾ [الكوثر: ٢].\n\n١٩٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَانْحَرْ﴾ قال: يقولُ: فاذبَحْ يَومَ النَّحرِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ ومُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وعِكرِمَةَ مَعناه (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ فى تَفسيرِه غَيرُ ذَلِكَ، وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ فى كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ صُهَيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ -﵁- يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُضَحِّى بكَبشَينِ. قال أنَسٌ: وأَنا أُضَحِّى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٤/ ٦٩٤ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ٢٤/ ٦٩٤، والدر المنثور ١٥/ ٧٠٥، ٧٠٦.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم (٢٣٦٤، ٢٣٦٥، ٢٣٧١ - ٢٣٧٣).","vol":"19","page":247},{"text":"بكَبشَينِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ الحَوْضِىُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ الحَوضِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ضحَّى بكَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ؛ يُسَمِّى، ويُكَبِّرُ، ويَضَعُ رِجْلَه على صِفاحِهِما، ويَذبَحُهُما بيَدِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عُمَرَ الحَوضِىِّ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وعَلِىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ قالا: أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- قال: ضَحَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بكَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ واضِعًا قَدَمَه على صِفاحِهِما، يُسَمِّى ويُكَبِّرُ، فذَبَحَهُما، يَعنِى بيَدِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٩٩٥) من طريق شعبة به. والنسائى (٤٣٩٧) من طريق عبد العزيز بن صهيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٥٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٠٢)، وأبو داود (٢٧٩٤) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٣٩٩).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٠٣١٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٥٥٨)، ومسلم (١٩٦٦/ ١٨).","vol":"19","page":248},{"text":"١٩٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلِ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ: ﴿لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنْسَكًا هُمْ نَاسِكُوهُ﴾ [الحج: ٦٧] قال: ذِبْحٌ هُم ذابِحوه؛ حَدَّثَنِى أبو رافِعٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا ضَحَّى اشتَرَى كَبشَينِ سَمينَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ، فإِذا خَطَبَ وصَلَّى ذَبَحَ أحَدَ الكَبشَينِ بنَفسِه بالمُدْيَةِ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ هذا عن أُمَّتِى جَميعًا؛ مَن شَهِدَ لَكَ بالتَّوحيدِ، وشَهِدَ لِى بالبَلاغِ\". ثُمَّ أتَى بالآخَرِ فذَبَحَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ هذا عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ\". ثُمَّ يُطعِمُهُما المَساكينَ، ويأكُلُ هو وأَهلُه مِنهُما، فمَكَثنا سِنينَ قَد كَفانا اللهُ الغُرْمَ والمُؤْنَةَ، لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ يُضَحِّى (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عَمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ وقَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن أبى رافِعٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ فارِسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى شعب الإيمان (٧٣٢٣)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٩١ وصححه، وتعقبه الذهبى بقوله: سهيل ذو مناكير، وابن عقيل ليس بقوى. كذا فى المطبوع: \"سهيل\"، والظاهر أنه تحريف، وهو \"زهير\". وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٩٠) عن أبى عامر به. والطبرانى (٩٢٣) من طريق زهير به. وينظر علل الدارقطنى ٧/ ١٩. وسيأتى فى (١٩٠٨٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٩١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٧٧، والطبرانى (٩٢٢) من طريق\nعبيد الله بن عمرو به.","vol":"19","page":249},{"text":"أخبرَنا ابنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا أبو رَملَةَ، أخبرَنا مِخنَفُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ قال: بَينا نَحنُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وُقوفًا بعَرَفَةَ فقالَ: \"إنَّ على كُلِّ أهلِ بَيتٍ فى كُلِّ عامٍ أَضْحاةً وعَتيرَةً (^١)، هَل تَدرِى ما العَتيرَةُ؟ \". قال: فلا أدرِى مما رَدُّوا. قال: \"هِىَ التى يقولُ لَها النّاسُ: الرَّجَبيَّةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن امرأةٍ مِن آلِ الأشعَثِ، عن عَجوزٍ لَهُم قالَت: أخبرَنا وفدُنا وفدُ غامِدٍ، حَيثُ قَدِموا مِن عِندِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه قال: \"على كُلِّ أهلِ بَيتٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ أُضحِيَّةٌ وعتيرَةٌ\".\n\n١٩٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ المِصرِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن وجَدَ سَعَةً لِأَنْ يُضَحِّىَ فلَم يُضَحِّ فلا يَحضُرْ مُصَلَّانا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأَضحاة: هى الشاة يضحى بها، والعتيرة: شاة كان الرجل من العرب ينذر ذبحها فى شهر رجب\nإذا بلغ ما عنده كذا، وهكذا كان فى أول الإسلام ثم نسخ. يظر التاج ٣٨/ ٤٥٧ (ض ح و)،\nوالنهاية ٣/ ١٧٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٨٩)، وأبو داود (٢٧٨٨)، والنسائى (٤٢٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٣١٢٥) من طريق ابن عون به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٣٧٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٨٩ وصححه، وقال الذهبى: ابن عياش ضعفه أبو داود. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٢٣) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وأحمد (٨٢٧٣) من طريق عبد الله بن عياش به.","vol":"19","page":250},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ ويَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ العَطّارُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ القِتْبانِىِّ (^١).\nبَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه قال: الصَّحيحُ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفٌ. قال: ورَواه جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ وغَيرُه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٢). وحَديثُ زَيدِ بنِ حُبابٍ غَيرُ مَحفوظٍ.\nقال الشيخ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٣)، وابنُ وهبٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ عن الأعرَجِ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٤٥ - ورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ أيضًا، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عَيّاشٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ فَرْوَةَ الأنصارِىِّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- أنَّه قال: مَن وجَدَ سَعَةً فلَم يُضَحِّ فلا يَقرَبْنا فى مَسجِدِنا. مَوقوفٌ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى الشعب (٧٣٣٤) من طريق حيوة بنحوه. وذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٠/ ٣٠٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد العطار به.\n(^٢) ينظر معرفة السنن (٥٦٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١٢/ ٥٨٩ من طريق عبيد الله بن أبى جعفر. وذكره الدارقطنى فى العلل ١٠/ ٣٠٥ عن عبيد الله بن أبى جعفر، وفيه: \"مرفوعًا\" بدلًا من: \"موقوفًا\". وقد أخرجه فى سننه ٤/ ٢٨٥ من طريق عبيد الله بن أبى جعفر مرفوعًا.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٢ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"19","page":251},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٩٠٤٦ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الجُرجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ أظُنُّه البَغَوِىَّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أُنفِقَتِ الوَرِقُ فى شَئٍ أفضَلَ مِن نَحيرَة فى يَومِ عيدٍ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ عن إبراهيمَ الخُوزِىِّ ولَيسا بالقَويَّينِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبِىُّ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ المَدَنِىَّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبى المُثَنَّى سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما عَمِلَ آدَمِىٌّ مِن عَمَلٍ يَومَ النَّحرِ أحَبَّ إلَى اللهِ مِن إهراقِ دَمٍ، وإِنَّه لَيأتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ فى فرثِه (^٤) بقُرونِها وأَشعارِها\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٢ عن عبد الله بن محمد به. وابن حبان فى المجروحين ١/ ١٠١،\nوالطبرانى (١٠٨٩٤)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٢٢٨ من طريق محمد بن ربيعة به.\n(^٣) هو محمد بن ربيعة، أبو عبد الله الكوفى الرؤاسى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٧٩،\nوالجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٥٢، والثقات ٧/ ٤٤٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ١٩٦. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٦٠: صدوق. وإبراهيم الخوزى تقدم فى (١٣٢).\n(^٤) كذا فى النسخ والمهذب ٨/ ٣٨٤٣، وضبب عليها فى الأصل، وفى م: \"قرنه\". وليست فى مصادر التخريج.","vol":"19","page":252},{"text":"وأَظلافِها، وإِنَّ الدَّمَ لَيَقَعُ مِنَ اللهِ بمَكانٍ قبلَ أن يَقَعَ فى الأرضِ، فطِيبوا بها نَفسًا\" (^١). قال البخارىُّ فيما حَكَى أبو عيسَى عنه: هو حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ؛ لَم يَسمَعْ أبو المُثَنَّى مِن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ: رَواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن يونُسَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن أبى المُثَنَّى عن إسماعيلَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عُقبَةَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- -أو عن عَمِّه موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، هَكَذا بالشَّكِّ- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما عَمِلَ آدَمِىٌّ مِن عَمَلٍ يَومَ النَّحرِ أحَبَّ إلَى اللهِ مِن هِراقَةِ (^٣) دَمٍ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ السِّيرافِىُّ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، عن عائذِ اللهِ، عن أبى داودَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ -﵁- أنَّهُم قالوا لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: ما هذه الأَضاحِىُّ؟ قال: \"سُنَّةُ أبيكُم إبراهيمَ ﵇\". قالوا: ما لَنا فيها مِنَ الأجرِ؟ قال: \"بكُلِّ قَطرَةٍ حَسَنَةٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٤٩٣) وقال: حسن غريب. وابن ماجه (٣١٢٦)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢ من طريق عبد الله بن نافع به، وصححه الحاكم، وقال الذهبى: سليمان واهٍ وبعضهم تركه.\n(^٢) العلل الكبير للترمذى ص ٢٤٤ (٤٤١).\n(^٣) في م: \"إهراقة\". وضبطت فى الأصل بفتح الهاء، ونص فى التاج ٢٧/ ١٠ (هـ ر ق) على الكسر.\n(^٤) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ١٥/ ٥١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان فى المجروحين ٣/ ٥٥، والطبرانى (٥٠٧٥) من طريق هدبة بن خالد به. وفيهما: \"شعرة\" بدل: \"قطرة\"، ولفظ الطبرانى مثل الحديث التالى.","vol":"19","page":253},{"text":"١٩٠٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَزّازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، عن عائذِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُجاشِعِىِّ، عن أبى داودَ السَّبيعِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ -﵁- قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هذه الأَضاحِىُّ؟ قال: \"سُنَّةُ أبيكُم إبراهيمَ ﵇\". قال: قُلنا: فما لَنا فيها؟ قال: \"بكُلِّ شَعَرَةٍ حَسَنَةٌ\". قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فالصّوفُ؟ قال: \"بكُلِّ شَعَرَةٍ مِنَ الصّوفِ حَسَنَةٌ\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: عائذُ اللهِ المُجاشِعِىُّ عن أبى داودَ، رَوَى عنه سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، لا يَصحُّ حَديثُه. قال أبو أحمدَ: هذا الحديثُ يُعرَفُ بعائذِ اللهِ، ولَيسَ يَرويه عنه غَيرُ سَلَّامِ بنِ مِسكينٍ، وأبو داودَ لَم يُسَمَّ، هو نُفَيعُ بنُ الحارِثِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مَحمودٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ (^٣) قَدِمَ عَلَينا، أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ شاهينٍ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨٣)، وعبد بن حميد (٢٥٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن ماجه (٣١٢٧) من طريق سلام بن مسكين به.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٩٣.\n(^٣) أحمد بن إبراهم بن أحمد بن محمود أبو بكر الثقفى الأصبهانى الواعظ، قال الخطيب: كان صدوقًا سديدًا جميل الطريقة. توفى سنة (٤١٩ هـ). تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٢١، وتاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٤٠١ هـ - ٤٢٠ هـ) ص ٤٥٨.","vol":"19","page":254},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الباغَنْدِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسروقٍ الكِنْدِىَّ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ شَريكٍ، عن عُبَيدٍ المُكْتِبِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الخلَّالُ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدٌ المُكْتِبُ، عن عامِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَسَخَ الأضحَى كُلَّ ذَبحٍ، وصَومُ رَمَضانَ كلَّ صَومٍ، والغُسلُ مِنَ الجَنابَةِ كُلَّ غُسلٍ، والزَّكاةُ كُلَّ صَدَقَةٍ\" (^١). قال علىٌّ: خالَفَه المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ عن المُسَيَّبِ بنِ شَريكٍ، وكِلاهُما ضَعيفٌ، والمُسَيَّبُ بنُ شَريكٍ مَتروكٌ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ شَريكٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ اليَقظانِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نَسَخَتِ الزَّكاةُ كُلَّ صَدَقَةٍ فى القُرآنِ، ونَسَخَ غُسلُ الجَنابَةِ كُلَّ غُسلٍ، ونَسَخَ صَومُ رَمَضانَ كُلَّ صَومٍ، ونَسَخَ الأضحَى كُلَّ ذَبحٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن شاهين فى ناسخه (٤٣)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٩، ٢٨٠.\n(^٢) سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٠.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٣٨٢. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨١ من طريق المسيب بن واضح به.","vol":"19","page":255},{"text":"الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ محمدٍ الزُّهْرِىُّ، حدثنا رِفاعَةُ بنُ هُرَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أستَدينُ وأُضَحَّى. قال: \"نَعَم، فإِنَّه دَينٌ مَقضِىٌّ\". قال: علىٌّ: هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، وهُرَيرٌ هو ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، ولَم يَسمَعْ مِن عائشةَ -﵂- ولَم يُدرِكْها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4012>بابٌ: الأضحيَّةُ سُنَّةٌ، نُحِبُّ لُزومَها ونَكرَهُ تَركَها</span>\n\n١٩٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جُندُبَ بنَ سُفيانَ البَجَلِىَّ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّحرِ يقولُ: \"مَن ذَبَحَ قبلَ أن يُصَلِّىَ فَلْيُعِدْ مَكانَها، ومَن لَم يَذبَحْ فَلْيَذبَحْ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ -﵁- أن خالَه\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٦٣٣٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٥٦٢)، ومسلم (١٩٦٠/ ٣).","vol":"19","page":256},{"text":"أبا بُرْدَةَ ابنَ نِيَارٍ ذَبَحَ قبلَ أن يَذبَحَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ هذا يَومٌ اللَّحمُ فيه مَكروهٌ، وإِنِّى عَجَّلتُ (^١) نَسيكَتِى لأُطعِمَ أهلِى وجيرانِى وأَهلَ دارِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعِدْ نُسُكًا\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عِندِى [عَناقَ لَبَنٍ هِىَ] (^٢) خَيرٌ مِن شاتَىْ لَحمٍ. فقالَ: \"هِىَ خَيرُ نَسيكَتَيكَ (^٣)، ولا تَجزِى جَذَعَةٌ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، واستَشهَدَ به البُخارِىُّ (^٥).\n\n١٩٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَخْتُويَه، أخبرَنِى أبو المُثَنَّى أن مُسَدَّدًا حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا أيّوبُ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵁- أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال يَومَ النَّحرِ: \"مَن كان ذَبَحَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ فَلْيُعِدْ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا يَومٌ يُشتَهَى فيه اللَّحمُ -وذَكَرَ هَنَةً مِن جيرانِه كأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَدَّقَه- وعِندِى جَذَعَةٌ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن شاتَىْ لَحمٍ. قال:\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"ذبحت\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عناقا لهى\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"نسيكتك\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٣٣)، والترمذى (١٥٠٨)، والنسائى (٤٤٠٦) من طريق داود بن أبى هند\nبنحوه، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\nوتقدم فى (٦٣٣٣) من طريق أخرى عن الشعبى، وسيأتى فى (١٩١٤٣) من طريق يزيد بن هارون\nعن داود.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٦١/ ٥)، والبخارى عقب (٥٥٥٦)، وهو عند البخارى فى مواضع متعددة. وينظر ما تقدم فى (٦٣٣٣).","vol":"19","page":257},{"text":"فرَخَّصَ له. قال: فلا أدرِى أبَلَغَتِ الرُّخصَةُ مَن سِواه أم لا.\n\n١٩٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، زادَ: ثُمَّ انكَفأَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى كَبشَينِ فذَبَحَهُما، فقامَ النّاسُ إلَى غُنَيمَةٍ فتَوَزَّعوها، أو قال: تَجَزَّعوها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن إسماعيلَ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ بطولِه، وعن مُسَدَّدٍ مُختَصَرًا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ تَميمٍ، أن عوَيمِرَ بنَ أشقَرَ ذَبَحَ ضَحيَّتَه قبلَ أن يَغدُوَ يَومَ الأضحَى، وأَنَّه ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَمَرَه أن يَعودَ لِضَحيَّةٍ أُخرَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٥٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٢٠، ١٢١٧١)، والنسائى (٤٤٠٨)، وابن ماجه مختصرًا (٣١٥١) من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٤٩) عن صدقة، (٩٥٤) عن مسدد، ومسلم (١٩٦٢/ ١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٢٨)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١١ ظ، ١٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٤. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٦٢، ١٩٠٠١)، وابن ماجه (٣١٥٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩١٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وينظر علل الترمذى ص ٢٤٨ (٤٤٨).","vol":"19","page":258},{"text":"بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن أبا بُردَةَ ابنَ نِيَارٍ -﵁- ذَبَحَ ضَحيَّتَه قبلَ أن يَذبَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الأضحَى، فزَعَمَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَه أن يَعودَ لِضحيَّةٍ أُخرَى، فقالَ أبو بُردَةَ: لا أجِدُ إلَّا جَذَعًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وإِن لَم تَجِدْ إلَّا جَذَعًا فاذبَحْ\" (^١).\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ هَذَينِ الحديثينِ عن مالكٍ ﵀ (^٢)، ثُمَّ قال ما:\n\n١٩٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فاحتَمَلَ أن يَكونَ إنَّما أمَرَه أن يَعودَ لِضحيَّةٍ؛ أنَّ الضَّحيَّةَ واجِبَةٌ، واحتَمَلَ أمرُه أن يَكونَ أمَرَه أن يَعودَ إن أرادَ أن يُضَحِّىَ؛ لأنَّ الضَّحيَّةَ قبلَ الوَقتِ لَيسَت بضَحيَّةٍ تَجزيه فيَكونَ مِن عِدادِ مَن ضَحَّى، فوَجَدنا الدِّلالَةَ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن الضَّحيَّةَ لَيسَت بواجِبَةٍ لا يَحِلُّ تَركُها، وهِىَ سُنَّةٌ نُحِبُّ لُزومَها، ونَكرَهُ تَركَها لا على إيجابِها.\nفإِنْ قيلَ: فأَينَ السُّنَّةُ التى دَلَّت على أنْ لَيسَت بواجِبَةٍ؟ قيلَ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٢٨)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٣، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٩٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٣٠)، والنسائى (٤٤٠٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٢٩)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٥٨٥، ٥٨٦)، وينظر اختلاف الحديث ص ١٦٦.","vol":"19","page":259},{"text":"قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دَخَلَ العَشرُ فأَرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يُضَحِّىَ، فلا يَمَسَّ مِن شَعَرِه ولا مِن بَشَرِه شَيئًا\". قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وفِى هذا الحديثِ دِلالَةٌ على أن الضَّحيَّةَ لَيسَت بواجِبَةٍ؛ لِقَولِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فأَرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يُضَحِّىَ\". ولَو كانَتِ الضَّحيَّةُ واجِبَةً أشبَهَ أن يَقولَ: فلا يَمَسَّ مِن شَعَرِه حَتَّى يُضَحِّىَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ -﵁- قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّحرِ فقالَ: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ ما نَبدأُ به فى يَومِنا هذا أن نُصلِّىَ، ثُمَّ نَرجِعَ فنَنحَرَ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فقَد أصابَ سُنَّتَنا\". وذَلِكَ مَذكورٌ فى بابِ قَدرِ الأُضحيَّةِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، أن عَيّاشَ بنَ عباسٍ حَدَّثَهُم، عن عيسَى بنِ هِلالٍ الصَّدَفِىِّ حَدَّثَهُم، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵄-، أن رَجُلًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُمِرتُ بَيَومِ الأضحَى عيدًا جَعَلَه اللهُ لِهَذِه الأُمَّةِ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: فإِن لَم أجِدْ إلَّا مَنيحَةَ (^٣) ابنِى -أو شاةَ ابنِى وأَهلِى\n_________\n(^١) اختلاف الحديث للشافعى ص ١٦٧.\n(^٢) سيأتى كلام الشيخ هذا عقب (١٩٠٥٩)، والحديث سيأتى فى (١٩١٣٩).\n(^٣) المنيحة: هى الناقة أو الشاة تعطيها غيرك ليحتلبها ثم يردها عليك. عمدة القارى ١٣/ ١٨٢.","vol":"19","page":260},{"text":"ومَنيحَتَهُم- أذبَحُها؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِنْ قَلِّمْ أظفارَكَ، وقُصَّ شارِبَكَ، واحلِقْ عانَتَكَ، فذَلِكَ تَمامُ أُضحيَّتِكَ عِندَ اللهِ ﷿\" (^١).\n\n١٩٠٦١ - وأَنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ. فذَكَرَ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا أبو جَنابٍ الكَلبِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثٌ هُنَّ عَلَىَّ فرائضُ، [وهُنَّ لَكُم] (^٣) تَطَوُّعٌ؛ النَّحرُ، والوِترُ، ورَكعَتا الضُّحَى\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا ابنُ بنتِ السُّدِّىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٢. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٤٥٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٥٩، وفى شرح المشكل (٥٥٣٠) عن يونس به. وابن حبان (٥٩١٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد مطولًا (٦٥٧٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٨٩) من طريق سعيد بن أبى أيوب. وعندهم جميعًا عن سعيد بن أبى أيوب وحده، وقال النسائى: \"وذكر آخرين\". وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٥٩٥).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٣ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وفيه: عمرو بن الحارث وسعيد بن أبى أيوب عن عبد الله بن عياش بن عباس حدثهم عن عيسى.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"ولكم\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٨٦). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٨٤٦: هذا حديث منكر. وتقدم فى (٤٥١٩).","vol":"19","page":261},{"text":"الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ موسَى وهو ابنُ بنتِ السُّدِّىِّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- رَفَعَه قال: \"كُتِبَ عَلَىَّ النَّحرُ ولَم يُكتَبْ عَلَيكُم\". زادَ الأصبَهانِىُّ فى رِوايَتِه: \"وأُمِرتُ بصَلاةِ الضُّحَى ولَم تُؤمَروا بها\". كَذا قالا: عن سِماكٍ.\n\n١٩٠٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ السُّدِّىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- رَفَعَه قال: \"كُتِبَ عَلَىَّ النَّحرُ ولَم يُكتَبْ عَلَيكُم، وأُمِرتُ بصَلاةِ الضُّحَى ولَم تُؤمَروا (^١) \".\nرَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ وقَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، عن جابِرٍ هو ابنُ يَزيدَ الجُعْفِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٠٦٥ - واحتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ ويَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عَمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن المُطَّلِبِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وعن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى سَلِمَةَ، أنَّهُما حَدَّثاه، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- أخبَرَهُما، أن\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"بها\". والحديث فى الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٤٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٩١٧) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٨٦)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٢ من طريق الحسن بن صالح بنحوه. والطبرانى (١١٨٠٢) من طربق قيس بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":262},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى لِلنّاسِ يَومَ النَّحرِ، فلَمَّا فرَغَ مِن خُطبَتِه وصَلاتِه دَعا بكَبشٍ فذَبَحَه هو بنَفسِه، وقالَ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ عَنِّى وعَمَّن لَم يُضَحِّ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ (^٢)، وأَبِى هريرةَ (^٣)، وأَنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤) -﵃- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بمَعناه.\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبَلَغَنا أن أبا بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ وعُمَرَ -﵄- كانا لا يُضَحِّيانِ؛ كَراهيَةَ أن يُقتَدَى بهِما فيَظُنَّ مَن رآهُما أنَّها واجِبَةٌ (^٥).\n\n١٩٠٦٦ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبيه ومُطَرِّفٍ وإِسماعيلَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى سَريحَةَ الغِفارِىِّ قال: أدرَكتُ أبا بكرٍ أو رأيتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- (^٦) لا يُضَحِّيانِ. فى بَعضِ حَديثِهِم: كَراهيَةَ أن يُقتَدَى بهِما (^٧). أبو سَريحَةَ الغِفارِىُّ هو حُذَيفَةُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٩٥)، وأبو داود (٢٨١٠)، والترمذى (١٥٢١) من طريق يعقوب بن عبد الرحمن به، وعندهم عن المطلب وحده، وقال الترمذى: غريب من هذا الوجه. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٣٦). وسيأتى فى (١٩٢١٠، ١٩٠٧٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٥١).\n(^٣) سيأتى فى (١٩٢١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٣١١٨)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٣٢٧٨).\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٦) بعده فى س، م: \"كانا\".\n(^٧) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٨٨)، وفيه: \"عن أبيه عن مطرف ... \". وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٣٩) =","vol":"19","page":263},{"text":"ابنُ أَسِيدٍ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n١٩٠٦٧ - وأخبرَناه أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ أبى خالِدٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ أَسِيدٍ قال: لَقَد رأيتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ -﵄- وما يُضَحِّيانِ عن أهلِهِما؛ خَشيَةَ أن يُستَنَّ بهِما، فلَمّا جِئتُ بَلَدَكُم هذا حَمَلَنِى أهلِى على الجَفاءِ بَعدَ ما عَلِمتُ السُّنَّةَ (^١). كَذا قالَه مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن عامِرٍ وأَخطأَ فيهِ.\n\n١٩٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ فيما قَرأتُ عَلَيه، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ البُزارِىُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ الغازِى، حدثنا عَمرُو بنُ علىٍّ قال: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ: إنَّ مُعتَمِرًا حدثنا قال: حدثنا إسماعيلُ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفٌ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى سَريحَةَ. فقالَ: هذا مِثلُ حَديثِه عن الشَّعبِىِّ: عن عمرٍو الجَمَلِىِّ يُريدُ عمرَو بنَ مُرَّةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، أخبرَنا عامِرٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). يُريدُ يَحيَى أنَّه أخطأَ فى هذا كما أخطأَ فى ذاكَ، ورِوايَةُ سُفيانَ\n_________\n= عن الثورى عن إسماعيل ومطرف به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٧٤ من طريق أبى سفيان\nالثورى به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد فى العلل ومعرفة الرجال (٥٤٩٣) من طريق معتمر بن سيمان به دون قول حذيفة:\n\"فلما جئت بلدكم ... \". والطبرانى (٣٠٥٨) من طريق مطرف به.\n(^٢) فى الأصل بالزاى المنقوطة بثلاث، وكتب فى حاشيتها: \"البزارى نسبة إلى قرية ... يقال لها بزار.\nوالله أعلم\". وينظر معجم البدان ١/ ٦٠٢، وينظر ما تقدم فى (٣٩٣٩).\n(^٣) ينظر علل الدارقطنى ١/ ٢٨٦.","vol":"19","page":264},{"text":"الثَّورِىِّ تُؤَكِّدُ قَولَ يَحيَى.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وعن ابنِ عباسٍ (^١). فذَكَرَ مَعنَى ما:\n\n١٩٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، أخبرَنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ بُخْتٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ مَولَى ابنِ عباسٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- كان إذا حَضَرَ الأضحَى أعطَى مَولًى له دِرهَمَينِ، فقالَ: اشتَرِ بهِما لَحمًا، وأَخبِرِ النّاسَ أنَّه أَضحَى ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ -﵁- قال: إنِّى لأدَعُ الأضحَى وإِنِّى لمُوسِرٌ؛ مَخافَةَ أن يَرَى جيرانِى أنَّه حَتْمٌ عَلَىَّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٧١ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ وواصِلٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن أبى مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الأنصارِىِّ قال: لَقَد هَمَمتُ أن أدَعَ الأُضحيَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٣٥). وذكره ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ١٢/ ٥٩٢. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨١٤٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٨٨). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٤٩) عن الثورى به.","vol":"19","page":265},{"text":"وإِنِّى لَمِن أيسَرِكُم؛ مَخافَةَ أن تَحسِبَ النَّفسُ أنَّها عَلَيها حَتمٌ واجِبٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَقِيلِ بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن أبى الخَصيبِ -رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى قَيسِ بنِ ثَعلَبَةَ- قال: شَهِدتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- وسألَه رَجُلٌ عن شَئٍ مِن أمرِ الأضحَى، فقالَ: أكرَهُ -أوِ: اجتَنِب، شَكَّ وهبٌ- العَوراءَ البَيِّنَ عَوَرُها، والعَرجاءَ البَيِّنَ عَرَجُها، والمَريضَةَ البَيِّنَ مَرَضُها، والمَهزولَةَ البَيِّنَ هُزالُها. ثُمَّ قال له ابنُ عُمَرَ: لَعَلَّكَ تَحسِبُه (^٢) حَتْمًا؟ قُلتُ: لا، ولَكِنَّه أجرٌ وخَيرٌ وسُنَّةٌ. قال: نَعَم (^٣).\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولا يَعدُو القَولُ فى الضَّحايا هذا، أو تَكونُ واجِبَةً فهِىَ على كُلِّ أحَدٍ صَغيرٍ وكَبيرٍ لا يَجزِى غَيرُ شاةٍ عن كُلِّ أحَدٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4013>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ لِمَن أرادَ أن يُضَحِّىَ ألَّا يأخُذَ مِن شَعَرِه ولا مِن ظُفُرِه إذا أهَلَّ هِلالُ ذِى الحِجَّةِ حَتَّى يُضَحِّىَ</span>\n\n١٩٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى، حدثنا القاضِى أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٨١٤٨) عن الثورى عن منصور وحده بلفظ: \" ... يحسب أنها حتم واجب\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"تحسب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه مسدد -كما فى المطالب العالية (٢٥١٤) - من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"واحد\". وقول الشافعى فى الأم ٢/ ٢٢٤، ولفظه: \"ولا يعدو القول فى الضحايا هذا أن تكون ... \"، وتتمته: \"فأما ما سوى هذا من القول فلا يجوز\".","vol":"19","page":266},{"text":"أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵄- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ العَشرُ وأَرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يُضَحِّىَ فلا يَمَسَّ مِن شَعَرِه ولا بَشَرِه شَيئًا\". قيلَ لِسُفيانَ: فإِنَّ بَعضَهُم لا يَرفَعُه. قال: لَكِنِّى أرفَعُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفِ بنِ شَجَرَةَ القاضِى ببَغدادَ وأبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ قالا: حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ الخُراسانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى الرَّقاشِىَّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵄- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا دَخَلَ العَشرُ فأَرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يُضَحِّىَ فليُمسِكْ عن شَعَرِه وأَظفارِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ ابنِ يوسُفَ عن يَحيَى بنِ كَثيرٍ العَنبَرِىِّ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ إلَّا أنَّه قال: عُمَرَ أو عمرِو بن مُسلِمٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٩٠٥٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٧٧/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٠. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٥٠)، وابن حبان (٥٩١٦) من طريق يحيى بن كثير به. وأحمد (٢٦٦٥٤)، والترمذى (١٥٢٣)، والنسائى (٤٣٧٣) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٧٧/ ٤١).","vol":"19","page":267},{"text":"ورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ وغَيرُهُما عن مالكٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ مَوقوفًا على أُمِّ سلمةَ (^١).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ اللَّيثىُّ وسَعيدُ بنُ أبى هِلالٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ الجُندَعِىِّ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٩٠٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ عُمارَةَ بنِ أُكَيمَةَ الليثيُّ قال: كُنّا فى الحَمّامِ قبلَ الأضحَى فاطَّلَى (^٢) فيه أُناسٌ، فقالَ بَعضُ أهلِ الحَمّامِ: إنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يَكرَهُ هذا ويَنهَى عنه. فلَقِيتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى، هذا حَديثٌ قَد نُسِىَ وتُرِكَ، حَدَّثَتنِى أُمُّ سلمةَ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كان عِندَه ذِبحٌ يُريدُ أن يَذبَحَه، فإِذا أهَلَّ هِلالُ ذِى الحِجَّةِ فلا يَمَسَّ مِن شَعَرِه ولا ظُفُرِه شَيئًا حَتَّى يُضَحِّىَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ وأَبِى أُسامَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو؛ قال مُعاذٌ: عُمَرُ. وقالَ أبو أُسامَةَ: عمرٌو. وساقَ أبو أُسامَةَ القِصَّةَ بطولِها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٨٢ من طريق ابن وهب وعثمان بن عمر به.\n(^٢) اطلى: أزال شعر العانة بالنورة. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ١٤٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٥٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٩١)، وابن حبان (٥٩١٧، ٥٩١٨) من طرق عن محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٧٧/ ٤٢، وعقبه).","vol":"19","page":268},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِن قال قائلٌ: ما دَلَّ على أنَّه اختيارٌ لا واجِبٌ؟ يَعنِى الأخذَ مِنَ الشَّعَرِ والظُّفُرِ، قيلَ له: رَوَى مالكٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵄- قالَت: أنا فتَلتُ قَلائدَ هَدىِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدَىَّ، ثُمَّ قَلَّدَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدِه، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بها مَعَ أبى فلَم يَحرُمْ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَئٌ أحَلَّه اللهُ له حَتَّى نُحِرَ الهَدىُ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وفى هذا دِلالَةٌ على ما وصَفتُ، وعَلَى أن المَرءَ لا يُحرِمُ بالبَعثَةِ بهَديِه. يقولُ: البَعثَةُ بالهَدىِ أكثَرُ مِن إرادَةِ الضَّحيَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا بالحديثِ الَّذِى احتَجَّ به أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: أنا فتَلتُ قَلائدَ هَدىِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدَىَّ، ثُمَّ قَلَّدَها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدَيه، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بها مَعَ أبى بكرٍ، ثُمَّ لَم يَحرُمْ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَئٌ كان أحَلَّه اللهُ له حَتَّى نُحِرَ الهَدىُ (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٤١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٦٤ من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٢٨٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (١٧٠٠، ٢٣١٧)، ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٩).","vol":"19","page":269},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4014>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يُضَحِّى عن نَفسِه وعن أهلِ بَيتِهِ</span>\n\n١٩٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيوَةُ، حَدَّثَنى أبو صَخرٍ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بكَبشٍ أقرَنَ يَطأُ فى سَوادٍ ويَنظُرُ فى سَوادٍ ويَبرُكُ فى سَوادٍ (^١)، فأُتِىَ به ليُضَحِّىَ به فقالَ: \"يا عائشَةُ هَلُمِّى المُديَةَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"اشحَذيها بحَجَرٍ\". ففعَلَت، فأَخَذَها وأَخَذَ الكَبشَ، فأَضجَعَه وذَبَحَه وقالَ: \"باسمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ ومِن أُمَّةِ محمدٍ\". ثُمَّ ضَحَّى بهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ أو عن أبى هريرةَ -﵂- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا ضَحَّى أتَى بكَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ (^٤)، فيَذبَحُ أحَدَهُما عن أُمَّتِه مَن\n_________\n(^١) معناه أن قوائمه وبطنه وما حول عينيه أسود. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٣/ ١٢٠.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٧٨)، وأبو داود (٢٧٩٢)، وعنه أبو عوانه (٧٧٩١). وسيأتى فى\n(١٩١١٥، ١٩٢٠٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٧).\n(^٤) فى م: \"موجؤين\". موجِيَّين: أى خصيين. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٥٢.","vol":"19","page":270},{"text":"شَهِدَ للهِ بالتَّوحيدِ وشَهِدَ له بالبَلاغِ، ويَذبَحُ الآخَرَ عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ الفِريابِىِّ: إذا ضَحَّى اشتَرَى كَبشَينِ سَمينَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرٍ عن أبيه، ورَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن أبى رافِعٍ، فكأنَّه سَمِعَه مِنهُما:\n\n١٩٠٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّاد بن سلمةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أُتِىَ بكَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ عَظيمَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ (^٢)، فأَضجَعَ أحَدَهُما فقالَ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ هذا عن محمدٍ\". ثمَّ أضجَعَ الآخَرَ فقالَ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ هذا عن محمدٍ وأُمَّتِه مِمَّن شَهِدَ لَكَ بالتَّوحيدِ وشَهِدَ لِى بالبَلاغِ (^٣) \".\n\n١٩٠٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٧٩)، وفى المعرفة (٥٦٤٥، ٥٦٤٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٣١٢٢) من طريق سفيان به. وسيأتى فى (١٩١١٩، ١٩٢١٢).\n(^٢) كذا فى الأصل وضبب عليها، وفى الحاشية: \"موجوءين\".\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"فذبحه\". والحديث أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١١٤٤)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٩٢) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"19","page":271},{"text":"عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ عَقيلٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا ضَحَّى اشتَرَى كَبشَينِ سَمينَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ، فإِذا خَطَبَ وصَلَّى قامَ فى مُصَلَّاه، فذَبَحَ أحَدَ الكَبشَينِ هو بنَفسِه بالحَربَةِ ويَقولُ: \"هذا عن أُمَّتِى جَميعًا مَن شَهِدَ لَكَ بالتَّوحيدِ وشَهِدَ لِى بالبَلاغِ\". ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بالآخَرِ فذَبَحَه قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ هذا عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ\". ثُمَّ يُطعِمُهُما جَميعًا لِلمَساكينِ، ويأكُلُ هو وأَهلُه مِنهُما، فمَكَثنا سِنينَ قَد كَفَى اللهُ المُؤْنَةَ والغُرمَ برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَيسَ أحَدٌ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ يُضَحِّى (^١).\n\n١٩٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ زُفَرَ الجُهَنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسَدِ السُّلَمِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كُنتُ سابِعَ سَبعَةٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأَمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فجَمَعَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا دِرهَمًا، فاشتَرَينا أُضحيَّةً بسَبعَةِ دَراهِمَ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَقَد أغلَينا بها. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أفضَلَ الضَّحايا أغلاها وأَنفَسُها\". فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا ياْخُذُ بيَدٍ ورَجُلًا بيَدٍ، ورَجُلًا برِجلٍ [ورَجُلًا برِجلٍ] (^٢)، ورَجُلًا بقَرنٍ ورَجُلًا بقَرنٍ، وذَبَحَها السّابِعَ، وكَبَّرنا عَلَيها جَميعًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٩٠٤١).\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩٤) من طريق بقية به. وعنده \"أبو الأشد السلمى\"، =","vol":"19","page":272},{"text":"١٩٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ أيّوبَ النَّصيبِىُّ كُنيَتُه أبو عِمرانَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ قال: سألَنِى حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ ويَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ بمَكَّةَ مُنذُ عِشرينَ سنةً. قال بَقيَّةُ: وسَمِعتُه قبلَ أن أُحَدِّثَهُما بأَربَعينَ سنةً فقُلتُ: حَدَّثَنِى عثمانُ بنُ زُفَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو الأسَدِ السُّلَمِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كُنتُ سابِعَ سَبعَةٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَمَرَنا فجَمَعَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا دِرهَمًا، فاشتَرَينا أُضحيَّةً بسَبعَةِ دَراهِمَ، وأَمَرَ أن يأخُذَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال بَقيَّةُ: قُلتُ لِحَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ: مَنِ السّابِعَ؟ قال: لا أدرِى. قُلتُ: رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٩٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّرقُفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَقيلٍ زُهرَةُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ هِشامٍ -وكانَ قَد أدرَكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فذَهَبَت به أُمُّه زَينَبُ بنتُ حُمَيدٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ بايِعْه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو صَغيرٌ\". فمَسَحَ رأسَه\n_________\n= وسيأتى فى (١٩١١٣)، وفيه: \"أبو الأسود الأنصارى\". وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٨٤. قال الذهبى\n٨/ ٣٨٥٠: عثمان دمشقى صويلح.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ١٠/ ٣٣٠ من طريق المصنف به. والدولابى فى الكنى ١/ ٣٢ من طريق موسى بن أيوب به.","vol":"19","page":273},{"text":"ودَعا له- قال: وكانَ يُضَحِّى بالشّاةِ الواحِدَةِ عن جَميعِ أهلِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن المُقرِئِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ صَيّادٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن أبا أيّوبَ الأنصارِىَّ قال: كُنّا نُضَحِّى بالشّاةِ الواحِدَةِ فيَذبَحُها الرَّجُلُ عنه وعن أهلِ بَيتِه، ثُمَّ تَباهَى النّاسُ بَعدُ، فصارَت مُباهاةً (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى عيسَى بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا عمرُو بنُ الرَّبيعِ بنِ طارِقٍ، عن رِشدينِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى قَتادَةَ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يُضَحِّى عن أهلِ بَيتِه بشاةٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن بَيانٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى سَريحَةَ الغِفارِىِّ حُذَيفَةَ بنِ أَسِيدٍ قال: حَمَلَنِى أهلِى على الجَفاءِ بَعدَما عَلِمتُ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، كان أهلُ البَيتِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٣٦، ١٦٦٤٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٢١٠).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٦، ومن\nطريقه الشاشى (١١٠٧)، والطبرانى (٣٩١٩).\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٨٧. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٨٥٠: رشدين واه.","vol":"19","page":274},{"text":"يُضَحّونَ بالشّاةِ، فالآنَ يُبَخِّلُنا جيرانُنا يَقولونَ: إنَّه لَيسَ عَلَيه ضحيَّةٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان أبو هريرةَ يَجِئُ بالشّاةِ فيَقولُ أهلُه: وعَنّا؟ فيَقولُ: وعَنكُم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4015>بابٌ: لا يَجزِى الجَذَعُ إلَّا مِنَ الضّأنِ وحدَها، ويَجزِى الثَّنِىُّ مِنَ المَعْزِ والإِبِلِ والبَقَرِ</span>\n\n١٩٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَذبَحوا إلَّا مُسِنَّةً، إلَّا أن يَعسُرَ عَلَيكُم فتَذبَحوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضّأنِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ بطُوسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا زُبَيدٌ الإيَامِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٤٨) من طريق محمد بن يوسف الفريابى به. وعبد الرزاق (٨١٥٠) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٥٢) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (١٧٥٧). وتقدم \"فى (١٠٢٤٧، ١٠٢٥٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٦٣/ ١٣).","vol":"19","page":275},{"text":"يُحَدِّثُ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ ما نَبدأُ به فى يَومِنا هذا أن نُصَلِّىَ، ثُمَّ نَرجِعَ فنَنحَرَ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فقَد أصابَ السُّنَّةَ، ومَن نَحَرَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّما هو لَحمٌ قَدَّمَه لأهلِه لَيسَ مِنَ النُّسُكِ فى شَئٍ\". فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى قَد ذَبَحتُ، وعِندِى جَذَعَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُسِنَّةٍ. فقالَ له: \"اجعَلْها مَكانَها ولَن تُوفِىَ -أو: لَن تَجزِىَ- عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن البَراءِ قال: ضَحَّى خالِى أبو بُردَةَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تِلكَ شاةُ لَحمٍ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عِندِى جَذَعَةً مِنَ المَعْزِ. فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ بها ولا تَصلُحُ لِغَيرِكَ\". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى فضائل الأوقات (٢٠٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٩٣)، والنسائى (١٥٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٦) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم فى (٦٣٣٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٦٥)، ومسلم (١٩٦١/ ٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦١/ ٤).","vol":"19","page":276},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ عِندِى داجِنَ جَذَعَةٍ مِنَ المَعْزِ. فقالَ: \"اذبَحْها ولا يَصلُحُ لِغَيرِكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن بَعْجَةَ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أضاحِىَّ بَينَ أصحابِه، فصارَت لِعُقبَةَ جَذَعَةٌ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه صارَت لِى جَذَعَةٌ. فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ بها\". لَفظُ حَديثِ مَكِّىٍّ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُعاذِ بنِ فَضالَةَ عن هِشامٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: أعطانِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- غَنَمًا أقسِمُها ضَحايا على أصحابِه، فبَقِىَ مِنها عَتُودٌ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٠١)، وعنه أبو عوانة (٧٨٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٥٦).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١٠٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠٤)، والترمذى (١٥٠٠)، والنسائى (٤٣٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٦) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٥٤٧)، ومسلم (١٩٦٥/ ١٦).","vol":"19","page":277},{"text":"فذَكَرتُه لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ بها أنتَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"\nعن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: العَتُودُ مِن أولادِ المَعْزِ، وهو ما قد شبَّ وقَوِىَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا إذا كان مِنَ المَعْزِ فالجَذَعَةُ مِنَ المَعْزِ لا تَجزِى لِغَيرِه، فكأنَّها كانَت رُخصَةً له، وقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ اللَّيثِ، وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n١٩٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ مَرثَدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ اليَزَنِىِّ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: أعطانِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- غَنَمًا أقسِمُها ضَحايا بَينَ أصحابِى، فبَقِىَ عَتُودٌ مِنها فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ بها أنتَ، ولا رُخصَةَ (^٤) لأحَدٍ فيها بَعدَكَ (^٥) \". فهَذِه الزّيادَةُ إذا كانَت مَحفوظَةً كانَت رُخصَةً له كما رَخَّصَ لأبِى بُردَةَ ابنِ نِيارٍ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٩٦٥/ ١٥)، والترمذى (١٥٠٠)، والنسائى (٤٣٩١) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (١٧٣٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨٩٨) من طرق عن الليث به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٣٠٠، ٢٥٠٠).\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٦٥.\n(^٤) فى م: \"أرخصه\".\n(^٥) فى م: \"بعد\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الجوزقى فى المتفق - كما فى فتح البارى ١٠/ ١٤ من طريق يحيى بن بكير به بدون الزيادة.","vol":"19","page":278},{"text":"وعَلَى مِثلِ هذا يُحمَلُ ما:\n\n١٩٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّليطىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صُدْرانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمارَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ طُعمَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: قَسَمَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى أصحابِه غَنَمًا فأَعطانِى عَتُودًا جَذَعًا فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ به\". فقُلتُ: إنَّه جَذَعٌ مِنَ المَعْزِ أُضَحِّى بهِ؟ قال: \"نَعَم ضَحِّ به\". فضَحَّيتُ بهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الوَهْبِىِّ، ولَيسَ فى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: مِنَ المَعْزِ (^١).\n\n١٩٠٩٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن جُهَينَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الجَذَعُ مِنَ الضّأنِ يَجزِى فى الأضاحِىِّ\".\n\n١٩٠٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٧٩٨). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٥٢١٧، ٥٢١٩) من طريق أحمد بن خالد الوهبى\nوعبد الأعلى به. وأحمد (٢١٦٩٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٩٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال\nالألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٢٧): حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":279},{"text":"المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ مُضَرَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ حَدَّثَه عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: ضَحَّينا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بجِذاعٍ مِنَ الضّأنِ (^١).\nورَواه وكيعٌ وابنُ وهبٍ عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خُبَيبٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الجَذَعِ مِنَ الضّأنِ فقالَ: [فيكُمُ السُّنَّةُ؛ سألَ عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىُّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الجَذَعِ مِنَ الضّأنِ فقالَ] (^٢): \"ضَحِّ بهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا فى غَزاةٍ معنا -أو: عَلَينا- مُجاشِعُ بنُ مَسعودٍ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فعَزَّتِ الغَنَمُ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يُوفِى الجَذَعُ مِمَّا يُوفِى مِنه الثَّنِىُّ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٤٦ (٩٥٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به. والنسائى (٤٣٩٤)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٤) من طريق عمرو به.\n(^٢) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٨٠)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٤٧ (٩٥٤) من طريق وكيع به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٧٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٢٥٩).","vol":"19","page":280},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ -قال: كان مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-- أنَّهُم كانوا مَعَ مُجاشِعٍ السُّلَمِىِّ فعَزَّتِ الأضاحِىُّ، فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يُوفِى الجَذَعُ مِنَ الضّأنِ مما تُوفِى الثَّنيَّةُ\". أُراه قال: \"مِنَ المَعْزِ\". شَكَّ سفيانُ. كَذا فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\n\n١٩١٠٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمدانَ الجَلَّابُ، حدثنا هِلالُ بنُ العَلاءِ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا فى غَزاةٍ مَعَ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنى سُلَيمٍ يُقالُ له: مُجاشِعٌ فعَزَّتِ الغَنَمُ، فأَمَرَ مُناديًا فنادَى: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ الجَذَعَ مِنَ الضّأنِ يَفِى مِمّا تَفِى مِنه الثَّنيَّةُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٠١ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\nحدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه\nقال: كان رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يُقالُ له: مُجاشِعُ بنُ مَسعودٍ السُّلَمِىُّ\nعَزَّتِ الغَنَمُ فأَمَرَ مُناديًا فنادَى: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٦ من طريق أبى حذيفة به. وابن ماجه (٣١٤٠)، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ٣٣٣ (٧٦٤) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٧٩٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٤٢٨).","vol":"19","page":281},{"text":"الجَذَعَ مِنَ الضّأنِ يُوفِى مِمّا تُوفِى مِنه الثَّنيَّةُ\".\n\n١٩١٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِن جُهَينَةَ أو مُزَينَةَ، أنَّهُم كانوا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قبلَ الأضحَى بيَومٍ أو يَومَينِ، فكانوا يُعطُونَ الشّاتَينِ بالثَّنيَّةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الجَذَعَةُ تَجزِى مِمّا تَجزِى مِنه الثَّنيَّةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٩١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَحيَى، حَدَّثَتنِى أُمِّى، عن أُمِّ بلالٍ -امرأةٍ مِن أسلَمَ وكانَ أبوها يَومَ الحُدَيبيَةِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ضَحُّوا بالجَذَعِ مِنَ الضّأنِ؛ فإِنَّه جائزٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩١٠٤ - ورَواه أبو ضمرَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَحيَى عن أُمِّه قالَت: أخبَرتنِى أُمُّ بلالٍ بنتُ هِلالٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَجوزُ الجَذَعُ (^٣) مِنَ الضّأنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٢٣)، والنسائى (٤٣٩٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٧٢)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٣٣٩٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الجذعة\".","vol":"19","page":282},{"text":"أُضحيَّةً\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَوّارٍ (^١)، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ، حدثنا أبو ضمرَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٩١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، أخبرَنا عثمانُ بنُ واقِدٍ العُمَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا كِدامُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كِدامٍ، عن أبى كِباشٍ قال: جَلَبتُ غَنَمًا جُذْعانًا إلَى المَدينَةِ فكَسَدَت علىَّ، فلَقيتُ أبا هريرةَ فأَخبَرتُه فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"نِعمَ -أو: نِعمَتِ- الأُضحيَّةُ الجَذَعُ مِنَ الضّأنِ\". قال: فانتَهَبَها النّاسُ (^٣).\nبَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه قال: قال البخارىُّ: رَواه غَيرُ عثمانَ بنِ واقِدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَوقوفًا (^٤).\n\n١٩١٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُردٍ الأنطاكِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحُنَينِىُّ قال: ذَكَرَه هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: جاءَ جِبريلُ ﵇ إلَى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"سواد\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٦٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣١٣٩) من طريق أبى\nضمرة به. وعندهما: أم بلال بنت هلال عن أبيها. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٣٩)، والترمذى (١٤٩٩) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) علل الترمذى الكبير ص ٢٤٨.","vol":"19","page":283},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَومَ الأضحَى فقالَ: \"كيفَ رأيتَ نُسُكَنا هَذا؟ \". قال: لَقَد باهَى به أهلُ السَّماءِ، واعلَمْ يا محمدُ أن الجَذَعَ مِنَ الضّأنِ خَيرٌ مِنَ السَّيِّدِ (^١) مِنَ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ، ولَو عَلِمَ اللهُ ذِبحًا أفضَلَ مِنه لَفَدَى به إبراهيمَ ﵇ (^٢).\nورَواه أيضًا أبو جَعفَرٍ السِّمنانِىُّ عن إسحاقَ زادَ فيه: والجَذَعُ مِنَ الضّأنِ خَيرٌ مِنَ السَّيِّدِ مِنَ المَعْزِ (^٣). وإِسحاقُ يَنفَرِدُ به، وفِى حَديثِه ضَعفٌ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ حَدَّثَه أن بَعضَ أزواجِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كانَت تَقولُ: لأن أُضَحِّىَ بجَذَعٍ مِنَ الضّأنِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُضَحِّىَ بمُسِنَّةٍ مِنَ المَعْزِ (^٥).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ قُسَيطٍ عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"الثنية\". والسيد: أى: المُسِنُّ. تاج العروس ٨/ ٢٣٠ (س ود).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٨٧٢٤)، والعقيلى فى الضعفاء الكبير ١/ ٩٧، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٢ من طريق محمد بن أحمد بن برد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٨٥٣: ضعفه (أى إسحاق بن إبراهيم) ابنُ عدى وغيرُه ولم يذكر أنه سمعه من هشام.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٣٣٥ من طريق أبى جعفر السمنانى به.\n(^٤) هو إسحاق بن إبرهيم بن عبد الرحمن، أبو يعقوب الحنينى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣٧٩، والتعديل والتجريح ١/ ٣٧٥، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ٩٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٣٩٦. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٥٥: ضعيف.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٦ من طريق يزيد بن عبد الله بن قسيط به.","vol":"19","page":284},{"text":"المُسَيَّبِ عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٩١٠٨ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: لَو يَرِدُ عَلَينا ألفٌ مِنَ الشّاءِ لَما أُضَحِّى إلَّا بجَذَعٍ مِنَ الضّأنِ.\n\n١٩١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ خَليلٍ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، أخبرَنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن عَبّادِ (^٢) بنِ أبى الدَّرداءِ، عن أبيه قال: أُهدِىَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَبشانِ جَذَعانِ أملَحانِ، فضحَّى بهِما (^٣).\n\n١٩١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَبيرِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان يُضَحِّى بالمَدينَةِ بالجَزورِ أحيانًا، وبِالكَبشِ إذا لَم يَجِدْ جَزورًا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٦ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها فى الأصل، وفى الحاشية: \"ابن أبى ليلى سيئ الحفظ\". وينظر تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٤٥٩، وحديث (١٦٧٦٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة فى مسنده (٢٩) عن على بن مسهر به، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٤٦١. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٨٥٤: مرسل مع ضعف سنده.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٧٩ من طريق الحنفى به. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٨٥٤: عبد الله ضعفوه.","vol":"19","page":285},{"text":"١٩١١١ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا جَدِّى أبو عمرٍو يَعنِي إسماعيلَ بنَ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِيَّ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أهدَى مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ فيها جَمَلٌ لأبِي جَهلِ ابنِ هِشامٍ فى أنفِه بُرَةٌ مِن فِضَّةٍ (^١). قَد مَضَى سائرُ طُرُقِه فى آخِرِ كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٢).\nوفيه -إن ثَبَتَ- دلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الذَّكَرِ في الهَدايا والضَّحايا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4016>بابُ ما جاءَ فى أفضَلِ الضَّحايا</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إذا كانَتِ الضَّحايا إنَّما هو دَمٌ يُتَقَرَّبُ به فخَيرُ الدِّماءِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ، وقَد زَعَمَ بَعضُ المُفَسِّرينَ أن قَولَ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿ذَلِكَ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الحج: ٣٢] استِسمانُ الهَديِ واستِحسانُه. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وسُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أيُّ الرِّقابِ أفضلُ؟ فقالَ: \"أغلاها ثَمَنًا، وأَنفَسُها عِندَ أهلِها\" (^٣).\n\n١٩١١٢ - أخبرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي عيسَى، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٢٥٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٠٢٤٩ - ١٠٢٥٧).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"19","page":286},{"text":"أبي مُراوِحٍ الغِفارِيِّ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أيُّ العَمَلِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ باللَّهِ، وجِهادٌ في سَبيلِه\". قُلتُ: أيُّ الرِّقابِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"أغلاها ثَمَنًا وأَنفَسُها عِندَ أهلِها\". قال: قلتُ: فإِن لَم أفعَلْ؟ قال: \"تُعينُ صانِعًا أو تَصنَعُ لأخرَقَ\". قُلتُ: فإِن لَم أفعَلْ؟ قال: \"تَدَعُ النّاسَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ، فإِنَّها صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقُ بها على نَفسِكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١١٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ، حدثنا خَلَفٌ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ زُفَرَ، أخبرَنِي أبو الأسوَدِ الأنصارِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه -قال خَلَف: وسَمّاه بَقيَّةُ- قال: كُنتُ سابِعَ سَبعَةٍ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الأُضحيَّةِ، قال: فقالَ يَعنِي النَّبيَّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أحَبَّ الضَّحايا إلَى اللَّهِ أغلاها وأَسمَنُها\" (^٣).\n\n١٩١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا. أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: ﴿ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْمَعْزِ اثْنَيْنِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٣]. قال: الأزواجُ الثَّمانيَةُ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٥٤٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥١٨)، ومسلم (٨٤/ ١٣٦).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٨١) من طريق بقية به، وفيه: \"أبو الأسد السلمي\".","vol":"19","page":287},{"text":"الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والضّأنِ والمَعْزِ على قَدرِ المَيسَرَةِ، فما عَظُمَت فهو أفضَلُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4017>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ أن يُضَحَّى به مِنَ الغَنَمِ</span>\n\n١٩١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا حَيوَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو صَخرٍ، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بكَبشٍ أقرَنَ يَطأُ في سَوادٍ ويَنظُرُ في سَوادٍ ويَبرُكُ في سَوادٍ، فأُتِيَ به ليُضَحِّيَ به. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- انكَفأَ إلَى كَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ، فذَبَحَهُما بيَدِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٢٤٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩١٥) عن محمد بن الحسن بن قتيبة به، وتقدم في (١٩٠٧٧)، وسيأتي في (١٩٢٠٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه البزار (٦٧٦٥)، وأبو يعلى (٢٨٠٦، ٢٨٠٧) من طريق عبد الوهاب به، وتقدم في (٨٩٠١، ١٠٣٠٧) وسيأتي في (١٩١٦٢).\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٥٥٤).","vol":"19","page":288},{"text":"١٩١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الحُنَينِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حدثنا أبي (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ يَعنِي ابنَ غياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: ضحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بكَبشٍ أقرَنَ فَحيلٍ (^١) يأكُلُ في سَوادٍ ويَشرَبُ في سَوادٍ ويَنظُرُ في سَوادٍ ويَمشِي في سَوادٍ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الفَضلِ (^٢).\n\n١٩١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرَّازِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: ذَبَحَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَومَ الذَّبحِ كَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ (^٣).\n\n١٩١١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) الفحيل: العظيم الخلْق. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٤٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٨ من طريق عمر بن حفص به. وأبو داود (٢٧٩٦)، والترمذي (١٤٩٦)، والنسائي (٤٤٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٣١٢٨)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٢) من طرق عن حفص بن غياث به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٢٦).\n(^٣) في م هنا وفيما يأتي: \"موجئين\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"موجوءين\".\nوالحديث عند أبي داود (٢٧٩٥). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٢١) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٩٧). وسيأتي في (١٩٢١١).","vol":"19","page":289},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أو أبي هريرةَ -الشَّكُّ مِن سُفيانَ- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا ضَحَّى دَعا بكَبشَينِ عَظيمَينِ سَمينَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ أقرَنَينِ، فذَبَحَ أحَدَهُما عن أُمَّتِه مَن شَهِدَ له بالبَلاغِ وشَهِدَ للهِ بالتَّوحيدِ، ويَذبَحُ الآخَرَ عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ (^١).\n\n١٩١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي بَيَانُ بنُ أحمدَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، عن عُفَيرِ بنِ مَعدانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ الضَّحايا الكَبشُ الأقرَنُ\" (^٢).\nورُوِيَ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ نُسَيٍّ عن أبيه عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ الضَّحايا الكَبشُ الأقرَنُ، وخَيرُ الكَفَنِ الحُلَّةُ\". وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٢١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ، عن أبي ثِفالٍ المُرِّيِّ، عن رَباحِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٤)، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٧٨). وسيأتي في (١٩٢١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ٢٠١٧ عن بيان بن أحمد به. وابن ماجه (٣١٣٠) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والترمذي (١٥١٧) من طريق عفير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٧٣).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٧٧٥).\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ والمستدرك، وعند أحمد: \"رباح بن عبد الرحمن\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٩٥، ١٩٦)، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٤١٠، ٩/ ٤٥.","vol":"19","page":290},{"text":"قال: \"دَمُ عَفراءَ (^١) أحَبُّ إلَى اللَّهِ مِن دَمِ سَوداوَينِ\" (^٢).\nورَواه الثَّورِيُّ عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِيِّ عن سُلمَى، يَعنِي ابنَ عَتّابٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ قال: لَدَمُ بَيضاءَ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن دَمِ سَوداوَينِ (^٣). قال البخاريُّ: ويَرفَعُه بَعضُهُم ولا يَصِحُّ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، سَمِعَ هُبَيرَةَ وعُمارَةَ بنَ عبدٍ قالا: سَمِعنا عَليًّا وهو يقولُ: ثَنيًّا فصاعِدًا واستَسمِنْ، فإِن أكَلتَ أكَلتَ طَيِّبًا، وإِن أطعَمتَ أطعَمتَ طَيِّبًا (^٥).\n\n١٩١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ أن إبراهيمَ بنَ أبي (^٦) اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: الثَّنِيُّ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنَ الهَرِمِ، اللّهُ أحَقُّ بالفَتاءِ (^٧)\n_________\n(^١) العفراء: البيضاء التي تشبه لون التراب. غريب الحديث للحربي ١/ ١٩٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٧ من طريق عبيد بن شريك به. وأحمد (٩٤٠٤) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٥٦: أبو ثفال واه.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٩٧، ١٩٨ من طريق توبة العنبري به.\n(^٤) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٩٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٣٦).\n(^٦) سقط من: س، م. وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٦/ ١٩١.\n(^٧) الفتاء: المصدر من الفَتِى السِّن. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"19","page":291},{"text":"والكَرَمِ، أحَبُّه إلَيَّ مِنَ الثَّنِيِّ أحَبُّه إلَيَّ أن أُضَحِّيَ بهِ (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٩١٢٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَتُّويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن سلمةَ بنِ جُنادَةَ، عن سِنانِ بنِ سلمةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"اللّهُ أحَقُّ بالفَتاءِ والوَفاءِ، اشتَرِها جَذَعَةً سمينَةً فانسُكْ بها عَنكَ\". يَعنِي: ضَحِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4018>بابُ ما ورَدَ النَّهيُ عن التَّضحيَةِ بهِ</span>\n\n١٩١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ: ماذا يُتَّقَى مِنَ الضَّحايا؟ فأَشارَ بيَدِه فقالَ: \"أربَعًا\". وكانَ البَراءُ يُشيرُ بيَدِه ويَقولُ: ويَدِي أقصَرُ مِن يَدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"العَرجاءُ البَيِّنُ ظَلَعُها (^٣)، والعَوراءُ البَيِّنُ عَوَرُها، والمَريضَةُ البَيِّنُ مَرَضُها، والعَجفاءُ (^٤) التى لا تُنقِى (^٥) \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٨٨ من طريق أيوب عن ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٥٦: عمر بن عامر متوسط، وهذا إسناد حسن.\n(^٣) الظَّلع، بفتح اللام وسكونها: العرج. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٤) العَجَف: ذَهاب السِّمَن. التاج ٢٤/ ١٢٣ (ع ج ف).\n(^٥) لا تنقى: أي التي لا يوجد فيها شحم، أو التي ليس في عظامها مخ. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥. والحديث عند يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٨٤، ٤٨٥، ومالك ٢/ ٤٨٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٨٦٧٥).","vol":"19","page":292},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ قال: عُبَيدُ بنُ فيروزَ هذا مِن أهلِ مِصرَ، ولَم نَدرِ ألَقِيَه عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أم لا، فنَظَرنا فإِذا عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ.\n\n١٩١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليٌّ قال: فحَدَّثَنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ. قال عليٌّ: ثُمَّ نَظَرنا فإِذا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ. حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم عن يَزيدَ بن أبي حَبيبٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ. قال عليُّ: فإِذا الحديثُ يَدورُ على حَديثِ شُعبَةَ. يُريدُ ما:\n\n١٩١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أحمدَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ بنَ فيروزَ قال: سألتُ البَراءَ بنَ عازِبٍ: ما كَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أو نَهَى عنه مِنَ الأضاحِيِّ؟ فقالَ: قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- هَكَذا ويَدِي أقصَرُ مِن يَدِه: \"أربَعٌ لا يَجزينَ؛ العَوراءُ البَيِّنُ عَوَرُها، والمَريضَةُ البَيِّنُ مَرَضُها، والعَرجاءُ البَيِّنُ ظَلَعُها، والكَسيرَةُ التي لا تُنقِى\". قُلتُ: إنِّي أكرَهُ أن يَكونَ في السِّنِّ نَقصٌ أو في الأُذُنِ نَقصٌ. فقالَ: فما كَرِهتَ مِنه فدَعْه، ولا تُحَرِّمْه على أحَدٍ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٧٨٥)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٣٨٢)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤٤). وتقدم في (١٠٣٤١).","vol":"19","page":293},{"text":"١٩١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ الخُزاعِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حَدَّثنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه ولَم يَذكُرْ سَماعَ سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مِن عُبَيدٍ. قال عليٌّ: ثُمَّ نَظَرنا فإِذا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ.\n\n١٩١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أبو شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عليٌّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايِينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن القاسِمِ مَولَى خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ قال: سألتُ البَراءَ قُلتُ: حَدِّثْنِي ما كَرِهَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الضَّحايا؟ قال: أربَعٌ، ويَدِي أقصَرُ مِن يَدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، قال: \"أربَعٌ لا تَجوزُ؛ العَوراءُ البَيِّنُ عَوَرُها، والمَريضَةُ البَيِّنُ مَرَضُها، والعَرجاءُ البَيِّنُ ضَلَعُها (^١)، والعَجفاءُ التي لا تُنقِى\" (^٢).\nقال عليٌّ: فإِذا الحديثُ حَديثُ لَيثٍ. قال عليٌّ: قال عثمانُ: فقُلتُ لِليثِ بنِ سَعدٍ: يا أبا الحارِثِ إنَّ شُعبَةَ يَروِي هذا الحديثَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ سَمِعَ عُبَيدَ بنَ فيروزَ. قال: لا، إنَّما حدثنا به سُلَيمانُ عن القاسِمِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م هنا وفى الموضع الآتي: \"ظلعها\". وينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١ من طريق عثمان بن عمر به بنفس اللفظ.","vol":"19","page":294},{"text":"مَولَى خالِدٍ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ. قال عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ: فلَقِيتُ شُعبَةَ فقُلتُ: إنَّ لَيثًا حدثنا بهَذا الحديثِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ وجَعَلَ مَكانَ \"الكَسيرُ التي لا تُنقِى\": \"العَجفاءُ التي لا تُنقِى\". قال: فقالَ شُعبَةُ: هَكَذا حَفِظتُه كما حَدَّثتُ بهِ. كَذا رَواه عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ عن لَيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ.\n\n١٩١٣٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَني اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ مَولَى بَنِي شَيبانَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ما يُتَّقَى مِنَ الضَّحايا؟ فقالَ: \"أربَعٌ\". وأَشارَ بيَدِه فقالَ: يَدِي أقصَرُ مِن يَدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"العَوراءُ البَيِّنُ عَوَرُها، والعَرجاءُ البَيِّنُ ضَلَعُها، والمَريضَةُ البَيِّنُ مَرَضُها، والعَجفاءُ التي لا تُنقِى\". قال: فقُلتُ لِلبَراءِ: فإِنِّى أكرَهُ النَّقصَ في القَرنِ والأُذُنِ والسِّنِّ. قال: فاكرَهْ لِنَفسِكَ ما شِئتَ، ولا تُحَرِّمْ ذَلِكَ على أحَدٍ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ؛ لَم يَذكُرِ القاسِمَ في إسنادِهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢، والنسائي (٤٣٨٣) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩١٩) من طريق أبي الوليد به.","vol":"19","page":295},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ (^١) وشُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وذَكَرَ شُعبَةُ سَماعَ سُلَيمانَ مِن عُبَيدِ بنِ فيروزَ.\nوفيما بَلَغَني عن أبي عيسَى التِّرمِذِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البخاريِّ أنَّه كان يَميلُ إلَى تَصحيحِ رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ، ولا يَرضَى رِوايَةَ عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢)، فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا عيسَى هو ابنُ يونُسَ المَعنَى، عن ثَورٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حُمَيدٍ الرُّعَينيُّ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ ذو مِصْرَ (^٣) قال: أتَيتُ عُتبَةَ بنَ عبدٍ السُّلَمِيَّ فقُلتُ: يا أبا الوَليدِ إنِّي خَرَجتُ ألتَمِسُ الضَّحايا فلَم أجِدْ شَيئًا يُعجِبُنِي غَيرَ ثَرْماءَ (^٤) فكَرِهتُها، فما تَقولُ؟ قال: أفَلا جِئتَني بها؟ قُلتُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ تَجوزُ عَنكَ ولا تَجوزُ عَنِّي؟! قال: نَعَم إنَّكَ تَشُكُّ ولا أشُكُّ؛ إنَّما نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن المُصْفَرَّةِ والمُستأصلَةِ والبَخْقاءِ والمُشَيِّعَةِ والكَسراءِ؛ فالمُصْفَرَّةُ التي تُستأصَلُ أُذُنُها حَتَّى يَبدوَ سِماخُها (^٥)، والمُستأصلَةُ قَرنُها مِن أصلِه، والبَخقاءُ التي تُبخَقُ عَينُها (^٦)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٩٧) من طريق يزيد بن أبي حبيب به.\n(^٢) ينظر علل الترمذي ص ٢٤٧.\n(^٣) في الأصل، س: \"مضر\". وذو مصر لقب يزيد. ينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٢٦٠، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٤) الثرم: انكسار السن من أصلها، أو سن من الثنايا والرباعيات، أو خاص بالثنية. القاموس المحيط ٤/ ٨٤ (ث ر م).\n(^٥) السماخ والصماخ بمعنى، وهو ثقب الأذن. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٥٢.\n(^٦) البخق: أن يذهب البصر وتبقى العين قائمة منفتحة. النهاية ١/ ١٠٣.","vol":"19","page":296},{"text":"والمُشَيِّعَةُ التي لا تَتبَعُ الغَنَمَ عَجَفًا وضَعْفًا، والكَسْراءُ الكَسيرُ (^١).\n\n١٩١٣٢ - أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ بواسِطٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ (^٢) بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ ابنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي (^٣) إسحاقَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ النُّعمانِ، عن عليٍّ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نَستَشرِفَ العَينَ والأُذُنَ، وألَّا نُضحِّيَ بمُقابَلَةٍ ولا مُدابَرَةٍ ولا شَرْقاءَ ولا خَرقاءَ. قال: المُقابَلَةُ ما قُطِعَ طَرَفُ أُذُنِها، والمُدابَرَةُ ما قُطِعَ مِن جانِبِ الأُذُنِ، والشَّرقاءُ المَشقوقَةُ، والخَرقاءُ المَثقوبَةُ الأُذُنَينِ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، أخبَرَني أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ واقِدٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ النُّعمانِ -قال أبو إسحاقَ: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٥٢) من طريق علي بن بحر به. وعند أبي داود: \"والمستأصلة: التي استؤصل قرنها من أصله\". وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٩٩).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"شعبة\"، وفي الحاشية:\" ثنا شعيب بن أيوب\" وكتب فوقها \"ح ر\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٥٠٥.\n(^٣) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٩٨) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وأحمد (١٠٦١) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"19","page":297},{"text":"رَجُلًا صَدوقًا- عن عليٍّ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه زادَ: وألَّا نُضَحِّيَ بالعَوراءِ. قال زُهَيرٌ: قُلتُ لأبِي إسحاقَ: وذَكَرَ عَضباءَ؟ قال: لا (^١). قُلتُ: ما المُقابَلَةُ؟ قال: يُقطَعُ طَرَفا الأُذُنِ. قُلتُ: ما المُدابَرَةُ؟ قال: يُقطَعُ مُؤَخَّرَا الأُذُنِ. قُلتُ: ما الشَّرْقاءُ؟ قال: تُشَقُّ الأُذُنُ. قُلتُ: الخَرقاءُ؟ قال: تَخرِقُ أُذُنَها السِّمَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جُرَيِّ بنِ كُلَيبٍ، سَمِعَ عَليًّا يقولُ: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يُضَحَّى بعَضباءِ الأُذُنِ والقَرنِ. قال قَتادَةُ: وسألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن العَضبِ فقالَ: النِّصفُ فما زادَ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن أبي عَوانَةَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُجَيٍّ، عن عليٍّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن عَضباءِ الأُذُنِ والقَرنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من حاشية الأصل موافقة لمصادر التخريج.\n(^٢) السمة: العلامة. ينظر عون المعبود ٣/ ٥٥.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (١٧٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥١، ١٢٧٤)، وأبو داود (٢٨٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٣٨٥) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (١٤٩٨)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤٢) من طرق عن أبي إسحاق به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٠٠).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٦٦، ١١٥٧)، والنسائي (٤٣٨٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٨٠٥)، والترمذي (١٥٠٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤٥) من طرق عن قتادة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٠١).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٦٤) من طريق جابر به.","vol":"19","page":298},{"text":"كَذا في هاتَينِ الرِّوايَتَينِ، والأُولَى أمثَلُهُما والأُخرَى أضعَفُهُما.\nوقَد رُوِيَ عن عليٍّ مَوقوفًا خِلافُ ذَلِكَ في القَرنِ:\n\n١٩١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، قال حُجَيَّةُ: كُنّا عِندَ عليٍّ فأَتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: البَقَرَةُ؟ فقالَ: عن سَبعَةٍ. قال: القَرنُ؟ قال: لا يَضُرُّكَ. قال: العَرجاءُ (^١)؟ قال: إذا بَلَغَتِ المَنسِكَ (^٢)، أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نَستَشرِفَ العَينَ والأُذُنَ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ شَوذَبٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن حَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ كُهَيلٍ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن البَقَرَةِ فقالَ: مِن سَبعَةٍ. قال: مَكسورَةُ القَرنِ؟ قال: لا تَضُرُّكَ. قال: العَرجاءُ؟ قال: إذا بَلَغَتِ المَنسِكَ، أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نَستَشرِفَ العَينَ والأُذُنَ (^٤).\nفهَذا يَدُلُّ على أن المُرادَ بالأوَّلِ -إن صَحَّ- التَّنزيهُ في القَرنِ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"العرج\".\n(^٢) المنسك: المذبح. تحفة الأحوذي ٢/ ٣٥٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٣١٤٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩٢٠) من طرق عن سفيان به. والترمذي (١٥٠٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٩١٥) من طرق عن سلمة بن كهيل به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٧٠ من طريق حسن بن صالح به.","vol":"19","page":299},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولَيس في القَرَنِ نَقصٌ (^١). يَعنِي: لَيسَ في نَقصِه أو فقدِه نَقصٌ في اللَّحمِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4019>بابُ ما جاءَ في الصَّغيَرةِ الأُذُنِ</span>\n\n١٩١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا أبو جَمرَةَ (^٢)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يُضحَّى بالصَّمعاءِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال الأصمَعِيُّ: الصَّمعاءُ هِيَ الصَّغيرَةُ الأُذُنِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4020>بابُ وقتِ الأُضحيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٩١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن الشَعبِيِّ، عن البَراءِ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- في يَومِ نَحرٍ فقالَ: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ ما نَبدأُ به في يَومِنا هذا أن نُصَلِّيَ، ثُمَّ نَرجِعَ فنَنحَرَ، فمَن فعَلَ ذَلِكَ فقَد أصابَ سُنَّتَنا، ومَن ذَبَحَ قبلَ أن يُصَلِّيَ فإِنَّما هو لَحمٌ عَجَّلَه لأهلِه لَيسَ مِنَ النُّسُكِ في شَيءٍ\". يَعنِي فقامَ خالِي أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنا ذَبَحتُ قبلَ أن أُصَلِّيَ، وعِندِي جَذَعَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُسِنَّةٍ. فقالَ: \"اجعَلْها مَكانَها -أو قال: اذبَحْها- ولَن تُوفِيَ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٢) في م: \"حمزة\".\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٥٥، ٤/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٣٣٤، ١٩٠٨٩).","vol":"19","page":300},{"text":"١٩١٤٠ - وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه وقالَ: \"اجعَلْها مَكانَها ولَن تَجزِيَ -أو: تُوفِيَ- عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ وحَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عليِّ بنِ مُكرَمٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، أخبرَنا فِراسٌ عن عامِرٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللَّهُ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يومٍ فقالَ: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاتَنا واستَقبَلَ قِبلَتَنا فلا يَذبَحْ حَتَّى يَنصَرِفَ\". فقامَ أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ فعَلتُ. فقالَ: \"هو شَيءٌ عَجَّلتَه\". قال: فإِنَّ عِندِي جَذَعَةً هِيَ خَيرٌ مِن مُسِنَّتَينِ، أذبَحُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم ولا تَجزِي عن إنسانٍ بَعدَكَ\". قالَ عامِرٌ: فهِيَ خَيرُ نَسيكَتَينِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ١٨٤ من طريق أبي مسلم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٦٨، ٩٥١، ٥٥٦٠)، ومسلم (١٩٦١/ ٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٩٦١/ ٦)، والنسائي (٤٤٠٦)، وابن حبان (٥٩٠٨) من طريق فراس بن يحيى به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٦٣).","vol":"19","page":301},{"text":"أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا (^١) مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: خَطَبَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ النَّحرِ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ فقالَ: \"مَن صَلَّى صَلاتَنا ونَسَكَ مَنسَكَنا فقَد أصابَ النُّسُكَ، ومَن نَسَكَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ فتِلكَ شاةُ لَحمٍ\". فقامَ أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ نِيارٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ لَقَد نَسَكتُ قبلَ أن أخرُجَ إلَى الصَّلاةِ وقَد عَرَفتُ أن اليَومَ يَومُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ، فتَعَجَّلتُ وأَكَلتُ وأَطعَمتُ أهلِي وجيرانِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تِلكَ شاةُ لَحمٍ\". قالَ: فإِنَّ عِندِي عَناقًا جَذَعَةً خَيرٌ مِن شاتَى لَحمٍ فهَل تَجزِي عَنَي؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ولَن تَجزِيَ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وهَنّادٍ عن أبي الأحوَصِ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَذبَحَنَّ أحَدٌ قبلَ أن يُصَلِّيَ\". فقامَ إلَيه خالِي فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ هذا اليَومَ فيه اللَّحمُ كَثيرٌ، وإِنِّي ذَبَحتُ نَسيكَتِي ليأكُلَ أهلِي وجيرانِي، وإِنَّ عِندِي عَناقَ لَبَنٍ خَيرٌ مِن شاةِ لَحمٍ، فأَذبَحُها؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ولا تَجزِي جَذَعَةٌ عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ، وهِيَ خَيرُ نَسيكَتَيكَ \" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٢٣٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٩٨٣)، وسلم (١٩٦١) عقب (٧).\n(^٤) جزء أبي جعفر الرزاز (٢٣٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٣٠) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. والترمذي =","vol":"19","page":302},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ اَخَرَينِ عن داودَ، واستَشهَدَ به البُخارِيُّ (^١).\n\n١٩١٤٤ - وقالَ مُطَرِّفٌ: عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِيِّ، عن البَراءِ قال: قال النَّبيُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ضَحَّى قبلَ الصَّلاةِ فإِنَّما ذَبَحَ لنَفسِه، ومَن ذَبَحَ بَعدَ الصَّلاةِ فقَد تَمَّ نُسُكُه وأَصابَ سُنَّةَ المُسلِمينَ\". أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن خالِدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا جُحَيفَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: ذَبَحَ أبو بُردَةَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبدِلْها\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لَيسَ عِندِي إلَّا جَذَعَةٌ خَيرٌ مِن مُسِنَّةٍ؟ قال: \"اجعَلْها مَكانَها، ولَن تَجزِيَ -أو: تُوفِيَ- عن أحَدٍ بَعدَكَ\" (^٣) أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n= (١٥٠٨)، والنسائي (٤٤٠٦) من طريق داود به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٦١/ ٥)، والبخاري عقب (٥٥٥٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦١/ ٤)، والبخاري (٥٥٥٦).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٧٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٩١)، وابن حبان (٥٩١١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٥٧)، ومسلم (١٩٦١/ ٩).","vol":"19","page":303},{"text":"١٩١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ وهِشامٌ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- صَلَّى ثُمَّ خَطَبَ، فأَمَرَ مَن كان ذَبَحَ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ أن يُعيدَ ذِبحًا. قال: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: إنَّ جيرانِي بهِم فاقَةٌ -أو قال: خاصَةٌ (^١) - فذَبَحتُ قبلَ الصَّلاةِ، وعِندِي عَناقٌ هِيَ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن شاتَى لَحمٍ. قال: فرَخَّصَ له، فإِن كانَت رُخصَةً له كان ذَلِكَ، وإِلَّا فلا عِلمَ لِي، ثُمَّ انكَفأَ إلَى كَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ -يَعنِي فذَبَحَهُما- وتَفَرَّقَ النّاسُ إلَى غُنَيمَةٍ فتَجَزَّعوها (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ حِسابٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن حامِدِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ إلَى قَولِه: فرَخَّصَ لَه (^٣).\n\n١٩١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيُّ. وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جُندُبَ بنَ سُفيانَ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ الأضحَى مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنَّ ناسًا ذَبَحوا قبلَ الصَّلاةِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَن ذَبَحَ مِنكُم قبلَ الصَّلاةِ فليُعِدْ ذَبيحَتَه، ومَن لا فَلْيَذبَحْ على اسمِ اللَّهِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"حاصة\"؛ وضب على المثبت في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"يعني خصاصة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٨٣٨)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٧٣ من طريق حماد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٥٥).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٢/ ١١)، والبخاري (٩٨٤).","vol":"19","page":304},{"text":"ابنِ الأعرابِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ الصَّفّارِ: فعَلِمَ أن ناسًا. وقالَ: \"فليُعِدْ أُضحيَّتَه، ومَن لا يَكُنْ فَلْيَذبَحْ على اسمِ اللَّهِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nففِي هذه الأخبارِ دِلالَةٌ على أن مَن ذَبَحَ قبلَ صلاةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فلَيسَ مِنَ النُّسُكِ في شَيءٍ.\n\n١٩١٤٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا صَفوانُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خُمَيرٍ الرَّحَبِيُّ قال: خَرَجَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُسرٍ صاحِبُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَعَ النّاسِ في يَومِ عيدِ فِطرٍ أو أضحًى، فأَنكَرَ إبطاءَ الإمامِ وقالَ: إنّا كُنّا فرَغنا ساعَتَنا هذه. وذَلِكَ حينَ التَّسبيحِ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَغدو إلَى الأضحَى والفِطرِ حينَ تَطلُعُ الشَّمسُ فتَتامَّ (^٤) طُلوعُها (^٥).\nفالنَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- كان يُصَلَّي صلاةَ العيدِ في أوَّلِ الوَقتِ، فمَن كان ذَبَحَ قبلَ صَلاةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وأَكَلَ وأَطعَمَ أهلَه وجيرانَه -كما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ أبي بُردَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحميدي (٧٧٥). وابن ماجه (٣١٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. وتقدم في (٦٣٣٥، ١٩٠٥٣) من طريق الأسود.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٠).\n(^٣) أبو داود (١١٣٥). وتقدم في (٦٢١٧).\n(^٤) في م: \"فيتتام\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٢١٩).","vol":"19","page":305},{"text":"ابنِ نيارٍ- كان ذَبحُه واقِعًا قبلَ أن يَحِلَّ وقتُه، وذَلِكَ لا يَجوزُ، فلِذَلِكَ أمَرَ بالإِعادَةِ، فمَن ضَحَّى [بَعدَ الوَقتِ] (^١) الَّذِي تَحِل فيه الصَّلاةُ، ويَمضِي مِقدارُ صلاةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- وخُطبَتَيه (^٢) أجزأَت أُضحيَّتُه إن شاءَ اللَّهُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4021>بابٌ: مَن شاءَ مِنَ الأئمَّةِ ضَحَّى في مُصَلَّاه، ومَن شاءَ في مَنزِلِهِ</span>\n\n١٩١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي كَثيرُ بنُ فرقَدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان يَذبَحُ ويَنحَرُ بالمُصَلَّى (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِيِّ قال: حدثنا نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَذبَحُ أُضحيَّتَه بالمُصَلَّى. قال نافِعٌ: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ يَفعَلُه. لَفظُ حَديثِ العامِرِيِّ، وفِي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"بالوقت\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"خطبته\".\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي (١٥٨٨، ٤٣٧٨) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٥٢).","vol":"19","page":306},{"text":"حَديثِ أبي الأزهَرِ: أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كانَ (^١).\n\n١٩١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ الهُجَيمِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- يَنحَرُ في المَنحَرِ. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: مَنحَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ: وكانَ القاسِمُ يَنحَرُ في أهلِهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيِّ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن خالِدِ بنِ الحارِثِ دونَ فِعلِ القاسِمِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4022>بابٌ: الذَّكاةُ في المَقدورِ عَلَيه ما بَيَن اللَّبَّةِ (^٤) والحَلقِ</span>\n\n١٩١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ بنَ سعيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: الذَّكاةُ في الحَلقِ واللَّبَّةِ (^٥).\n\n١٩١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٧٦)، وأبو داود (٢٨١١) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وابن ماجه (٣١٦١) من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبن أبي شيبة (١٥٧٥٣) عن خالد بن الحارث به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٧١٠، ٥٥٥١).\n(^٤) اللَّبَّة: وسط الصدر والمنحر. التاج ٤/ ١٨٩. (ل ب ب).\n(^٥) عزاه في التغليق ٤/ ٥١٩ لسعيد بن منصور من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"19","page":307},{"text":"أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: الذَّكاةُ في الحَلقِ واللَّبَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٩١٥٤ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن فَرافِصَةَ الحَنَفِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنَّه قال: الذَّكاةُ في الحَلقِ واللَّبَّةِ، ولا تُعجِلوا الأنفُسَ أن تُزهَقَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِيَ هذا مِن وجهٍ ضَعيفٍ مَرفوعًا ولَيسَ بشَيءٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُقاتِلٍ المَروَزِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُقاتِلٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ وأَبِي هريرةَ -﵄- قالا: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تأكُلوا الشَّريطَةَ (^٤)؛ فإِنَّها ذَبيحَةُ الشَّيطانِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦١٥) عن الثوري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٠٧٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير عن أبي المعرور عن ابن الفرافصة عن عمر. وعبد الرزاق (٨٦١٤) من طريق يحيى عن رجل عن ابن الفرافصة عن عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٣ من حديث أبي هريرة.\n(^٤) سيأتي تفسيرها في الخبر بعده.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦١٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨٨٨) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وعند ابن حبان عن أبي هريرة وحده.","vol":"19","page":308},{"text":"١٩١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى مَولَى ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ بهَذا الإِسنادِ، قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن شَريطَةِ الشَّيطانِ؛ وهِيَ التي تُذبَحُ فيُقطَعُ الجِلدُ ولا تُفرَى (^١) الأوداجُ، ثُمَّ تُترَكُ حَتَّى تَموتَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَحْرٍ، عن القاسِمِ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ الباهِلِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ ما أفرَى (^٣) الأوداجَ ما لَم يَكُنْ قَرضَ نابٍ أو حَزَّ ظُفُرٍ\" (^٤). قال أبو العباسِ: لَيسَ في كِتابِي: عن عليِّ بنِ يَزيدَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وفِي هذا الإِسنادِ ضَعفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4023>بابٌ: الذَّبحُ في الغَنَمِ والبَقَرِ والفَرَسِ والطّائرِ، والنَّحرُ في الإبِلِ</span>\nقَد مَضَت أحاديثُ في ذَبحِ الغَنَمِ.\n\n١٩١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي المَعروفِ الفَقيهُ الإسفَرايِينِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) كُتبت في الأصل بالوجهين؛ التاء والياء.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٢٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦٠٥).\n(^٣) سيأتي معنى الفرى عقب (١٩١٨٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٨٥١) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وعنده: بزيادة \"علي بن يزيد\" قبل القاسم.","vol":"19","page":309},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، أخبرَنا زُهَيرٌ، أخبرَنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَذبَحوا إلَّا مُسِنَّةً إلَّا أن تَعسُرَ عَلَيكُم فتَذبَحوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضّأنِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ عن زُهَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نَتَمَتَّعُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فنَذبَحُ البَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عَلُّويَه، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ -﵄- قالَت: ذَبَحْنا فرَسًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ونَحنُ بالمَدينَةِ فأَكَلناه (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٢٤٧، ١٠٢٥٨، ١٩٠٨٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٣/ ١٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٢٩٢٧)، وأبو عوانة (٣٢٦٥، ٧٨٩٨) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٢٨٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي (٤٤٣٣) من طريق عبدة به. وأحمد (٢٦٩١٩) من طريق هشام به. وينظر تخريج الحديث (١٩١٦٣).","vol":"19","page":310},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن عبدَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^١).\n\n١٩١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ -وحَديثُ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ أتَمُّ- عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن صُهَيبٍ مَولَى ابنِ عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ عُصفورًا بغَيرِ حَقِّه سألَه اللّهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ عنه\". فقيلَ: وما حَقُّه؟ قال: \"يَذبَحُه فيأكُلُه، ولا يَقطَعُ رأسَه فيَرمِي به\" (^٢).\n\n١٩١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانيءٍ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في الإهلالِ وقالَ: ونَحَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سَبعَ بَدَناتٍ بيَدِه قيامًا، وذَبَحَ بالمَدينَةِ كَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4024>بابُ جَوازِ النَّحرِ فيما يُذبَحُ والذَّبحِ فيما يُنحَرُ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ: الذَّكاةُ في الحَلقِ واللَّبَّةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥١١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٧٥)، والطيالسي (٢٣٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٥٠، ٦٩٦٠) من طريق شعبة وحده به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٨١٨٢).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٩٠١، ١٠٣٠٧)، وسيأتي في (١٩١١٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٥٥١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩١٥٢، ١٩١٥٣) عن ابن عباس، وفي (١٩١٥٤) عن عمر.","vol":"19","page":311},{"text":"وقالَ عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ: يَجزِي الذَّبحُ مِنَ النَّحرِ، والنَّحرُ مِنَ الذَّبحِ في البَقَرِ والإِبِلِ (^١).\n\n١٩١٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ هو ابنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ وعَبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي وحَفصٌ ووَكيعٌ، كُلُّهُم عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ -﵄- قالَت: نَحَرنا فرَسًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأَكَلناه. وقالَ عبدَةُ: ذَبَحنا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، قال: وتابَعَه وكيعٌ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ عن هِشامٍ في النَّحرِ. وأَخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الثَّورِيِّ عن هِشامٍ في النَّحرِ، وعن إسحاقَ عن عبدَةَ في الذَّبحِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن ثَلاثَتِهِم في النَّحرِ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ عن عَمْرَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵄- في قِصَّةِ الحَجِّ قالَت: فدُخِلَ عَلَينا يَومَ النَّحرِ بلَحمِ بَقَرٍ فقُلتُ: ما هَذا؟ فقالوا: نَحَرَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٥٨٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ١١٢ (٣٠١) من طريق عثمان بن أبي شيبة به. وابن حجر في التغليق ٤/ ٥٢١ من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به. وأبو عوانة (٧٦٤١) من طريق ابن نمير به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٣٣)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩٠) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (١٩١٦٠) من طريق عبدة بن سليمان. وسيأتي في (١٩٤٦٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥١٠ - ٥٥١٢)، ومسلم (١٩٤٢).","vol":"19","page":312},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن أزواجِه. وفِي رِوايَةٍ: ذَبَحَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ اختَلَفَتِ الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ؛ ففِي رِوايَةٍ: نَحَرَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عن نِسائِه بَقَرَةً (^٢). وفِي رِوايَةٍ: ذَبَحَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- بَقَرَةً (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4025>بابُ كَراهَةِ النَّخْعِ والفَرْسِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ونَهَى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ عن النَّخْعِ، وأَن تُعجَلَ الأنفُسُ أن تُزهَقَ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀. والنَّخْعُ أن تُذبَحَ الشّاةُ ثُمَّ يُكسَرَ قَفاها مِن مَوضِعِ المَذبَحِ (^٤) لِنَخعِه ولِمَكانِ الكَسْرِ فيه، أو تُضرَبَ ليُعَجَّلَ قَطعُ حَرَكَتِها، فأَكرَهُ هذا. وقالَ: ولَم يُحَرِّمْها ذَلِكَ لأنَّها ذَكيَّةٌ (^٥).\n\n١٩١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائيِّ وحَجّاجِ بنِ أبي عثمانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن المَعرورِ الكَلبِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ أنَّه نَهَى عن الفَرْسِ في الذَّبيحَةَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: الفَرْسُ هو النَّخْعُ، يُقالُ مِنه: فرَستُ الشّاةَ ونَخَعتُها.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٨٨٩١) بلفظ: \"ذبح\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٨٨٤٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٣١٧).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"الذبح\".\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٦٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"19","page":313},{"text":"وذَلِكَ أن يُنتَهَى بالذَبحِ إلَى النُّخاعِ وهو عَظمٌ في الرَّقَبَةِ، ويُقالُ أيضًا: بَل هو الَّذِي يَكونُ في فَقارِ الصُّلبِ شَبيهٌ بالمُخِّ وهو مُتَّصِلٌ بالقَفا، يقولُ: فنَهَى أن يُنتَهَى بالذَّبحِ إلَى ذَلِكَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: أمّا النَّخْعُ فهو على ما قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ، وأَمّا الفَرْسُ فقَد خُولِفَ فيه، يُقالُ: هو الكَسرُ، وإِنَّما نَهَى أن تُكسَرَ رَقَبَةُ الذَّبيحَةِ قبلَ أن تَبرُدَ، ومِمّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أن في الحديثِ: \"ولا تُعجِلوا الأنفُسَ حَتَّى تُزهَقَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ موسَى الحاسِبُ، حدثنا جُبارَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ بَهرامَ، حَدَّثَنِي شَهرٌ هو ابنُ حَوشَبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الذَّبيحَةِ أن تُفرَسَ قبلَ أن تَموتَ (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ [فيه ضَعفٌ] (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4026>بابُ الذَّكاةِ بالحَديدِ وبِما يَكونُ أخَفَّ على المُذَكَّى، وما يُستَحَبُّ مِن حَدِّ الشِّفارِ ومواراتِه عن البَهيمَةِ وإراحَةِ الذبيحةِ </span>(^٤)\n\n١٩١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا الأستاذُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الِإسفَرايينيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رِزمُويَه، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ النَّسَوِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى،\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٥٧. وأخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٣٤٦١) من طريق عبد الحميد به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ضعيف\".\n(^٤) سقط من: س، م.","vol":"19","page":314},{"text":"أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ قال: حَفِظتُ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَصلَتَينِ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ تبارَكَ كَتَبَ الإحسانَ على كُلِّ شَيءٍ، فإِذا قَتَلتُم فأَحسِنوا القِتلَةَ، وِإذا ذَبَحتُم فأَحسِنوا الذِّبحَةَ، وليُحِدَّ أحَدُكُم شَفرَتَه، وليُرِحْ ذَبيحَتَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٩١٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي الأشعَثِ الصَّنعانِيُّ، عن شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّه مِحْسانٌ كَتَبَ الإحسانَ على كُلِّ شَيءٍ، فإِذا قَتَلتُم فأَحسِنوا القِتلَةَ، وِإذا ذَبَحَ أحَدُكُم فليُحسِنْ ذَبيحَتَه وليُحِدَّ أحَدُكُم شَفرَتَه، وليُرِحْ ذَبيحَتَه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ الحَنظَلِيِّ (^٤).\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حينَ أُتِيَ بالكَبشِ ليُضَحِّيَ به: \"يا عائشَةُ هَلُمِّي المُديَةَ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"اشحَذيها بحَجَرٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٢٨)، والترمذي (١٤٠٩) من طريق هشيم به. وتقدم في (١٦١٦٩، ١٨٠٩٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٧٠)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٣/ ١٨٤ من طريق عبد الوهاب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٥٥) عقب (٥٧).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩٠٧٧)، وسيأتي في (١٩٢٠٩).","vol":"19","page":315},{"text":"١٩١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَدِ النَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بحَدِّ الشِّفارِ، وأَن توارَى عن البَهائمِ، ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا ذَبَحَ أحَدُكُم فليُجهِزْ (^١) \". كَذا رَواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ مَوصولًا جَيِّدًا.\n\n١٩١٦٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي قُرَّةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَعافِرِىُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بحَدِّ الشِّفارِ، وأَن تُوارَى عن البَهائمِ وقالَ: \"إذا ذَبَحَ أحَدُكُم فليُجهِزْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي يوسُفُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-\n_________\n(^١) فليجهز: فليسرع، وهي بضم الياء وكسر الهاء، وبفتحهما. ينظر حاشة السندى علي ابن ماجه ٦/ ٢٠١.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٥٨٦٤). وابن ماجه (٣١٧٢) من طريق ابن لهيعة به، وزاد ابن ماجه قرة بين ابن لهيعة وابن شهاب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٨٢).\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطنى في علله ١٣/ ١٤٨ عن ابن وهب به.","vol":"19","page":316},{"text":"قال: مَرَّ (^١) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على رَجُلٍ واضِعٍ رِجلَه على صَفحَةِ شاةٍ وهو يُحِدُّ شَفرَتَه، وهِيَ تَلحَظُ إلَيه ببَصَرِها فقالَ: \"أفَلا قبلَ هذا؟ أتُريدُ أن تُميتَها مَوتًا؟ \" (^٢).\nتابَعَه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن عاصِمٍ وقالَ: \"أتُريدُ أن تُميتَها مَوتاتٍ؟ \" (^٣).\nورَواه مَعمَرٌ عن عاصِمٍ، فأَرسَلَه لَم يَذكُرْ فيه ابنَ عباسٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، أن رَجُلًا حَدَّ شَفرَةً وأَخَذَ شاةً ليَذبَحَها، فضَرَبَه عُمَرُ بالدِّرَّةِ وقالَ: أتُعَذِّبُ الرُّوحَ؟ ألا فعَلتَ هذا قبلَ أن تأخُذَها؟ (^٥)\n\n١٩١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن عُمَرَ رأى رَجُلًا يَجُرُّ شاةً ليَذبَحَها، فضَرَبَه بالدِّرَّةِ وقالَ: سُقْها -لا أُمَّ لَكَ- إلَى المَوتِ سَوقًا جَميلًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قام\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١١٩١٦) من طريق يوسف بن عدى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣١، ٢٣٣ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٠٨) عن معمر به.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٤ و- مخطوط).\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٠٥) من طريق آخر عن ابن سيرين.","vol":"19","page":317},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4027>بابٌ: الذَّكاةُ بما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وفَرَى (^١) الأوداجَ والمَذبَحَ ولَم يُثَرِّدْ، إلَّا الظُّفُرَ والسِّنَّ</span>\n\n١٩١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَبايَةَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ أنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: إنّا لَنَرجو- أو: نَخشَى- أن نَلقَى العَدوَّ ولَيسَ معنا مُدًى، أفَنَذبَحُ بالقَصَبِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أنهَرَ الدَّمَ وذُكِرَ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيه فكُلوا، إلَّا السِّنَّ والظُّفُرَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى القَطّانِ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ مُرَيَّ بنَ قَطَرِىٍّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عَدِيَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أجِدُ الصَّيدَ فلا أجِدُ ما أذبَحُه به إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى معنى الفرى والتثريد في (١٩١٨٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٨٣ من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٨٩٥٩ - ١٨٩٦١، ١٨٩٦٧ - ١٨٩٧٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٠٦).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٠٩)، ومسلم (١٩٦٨/ ٢٠).","vol":"19","page":318},{"text":"المَروَةَ (^١) والعَصا. قال: \"أمرِرِ (^٢) الدَّمَ بما شئتَ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩١٧٥ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ هو ابنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن مُرَىِّ بنِ قَطَرِىٍّ، عن عَدِيَّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أَحَدَنا إذا أصابَ صَيدًا ولَيسَ مَعَه شَفرَةٌ أيُذَكِّى بمَروَةٍ أو شِقَّةِ العَصا؟ قال: \"أمرِرِ الدَّمَ بما شئتَ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٤).\n\n١٩١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ العَدَوِيِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أحَدَنا يَصيدُ الصَّيدَ ولَيسَ مَعَه شَئٌ يُذَكّيه به إلَّا مَروَةٌ أو شِقَّةُ عَصًا. فقالَ: \"أمرِرِ الدَّمَ بما شئتَ واذكُرِ اسمَ اللَّهِ ﷿\".\n\n١٩١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) المروة: حجر أبيض برَّاق. النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٢) كتب عليها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي الحاشية كتب: \"حاشية بخط الحافظ ... قال الشيخ: أمْرِ الدم بتسكين الميم وتخفيف الراء\".\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١١٢٧). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٤٧٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ١٠٣ (٢٤٥) من طريق حجاج بن المنهال به. وأحمد (١٨٢٦٤)، وأبو داود (٢٨٢٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٥٠).","vol":"19","page":319},{"text":"أخبرَنِي القاسِمُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ يُخبِرُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه أخبَرَه أن جاريَةً لَهُم كانَت تَرعَى بسَلعٍ (^١) فرأَت شاةً مِن غَنَمِها بها مَوتٌ، فكَسَرَت حَجَرًا فذَبَحَتها به، فقالَ لأهلِه: لا تأكُلوا مِنها حَتَّى آتِيَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فأَسأَلَه. أو قال: أُرسِلَ إلَيه مَن يَسأَلُه. فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ -أو رسولُه- فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، إنَّ جاريَةً لَنا كانَت تَرعَى بسَلعٍ فأَبصَرَت شاةً مِن غَنَمِها بها مَوتٌ، فكَسَرَت حَجَرًا فذَبَحَتها به. فأَمَرَه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بأَكلِها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ عن مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى حارِثَةَ أنَّه كان يَرعَى لِقحَةً بشِعبٍ مِن شِعابِ أُحُدٍ، فأَخَذَها المَوتُ فلَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا يَنحَرُها به، فأَخَذَ وتِدًا فوَجأَ به في لَبَّتِها حَتَّى أُهْريقَ دَمُها، ثُمَّ جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فأَخبَرَه بذَلِكَ، فأَمَرَه بأَكلِها (^٤).\n\n١٩١٧٩ - ورَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ قال: حَدَّثَنِي\n_________\n(^١) سلع: تقدم تحديد مكانه في (٣٩٩٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٩٣) من طريق محمد بن عبد الأعلى به. وأحمد (١٥٧٦٨) من طريق آخر عن نافع به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٠١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٩٨٨).","vol":"19","page":320},{"text":"عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن ناقَةً كانَت لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ في قِبَلِ أُحُدٍ فعُرِضَ لَها فنَحَرَها بوَتِدٍ، فسألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عن أكلِها فأَمَرَه بأَكلِها. أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nورَواه حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ زادَ: فقُلتُ له: حَديدٌ؟ قال: لا، بَل خَشَبٌ. يَعنِي الوَتِدَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّه سُئلَ عن الذَّبيحَةِ بالعُودِ فقالَ: كُلُّ ما أفرَى الأوداجَ غَيرَ مُثَرِّدٍ (^٣). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو زيادٍ الكِلابِيُّ: التَّثريدُ أن تُذبَحَ الذَّبيحَةُ بشَئٍ لا حَدَّ له فلا يُنهِرَ الدَّمَ ولا يُسيلَه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقَولُه: ما أفرَى الأوداجَ. يَعنِي: ما شَقَّقَها وأَسالَ مِنها الدَّمَ، قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وقَد تأوَّلَ بعضُ النّاسِ هذا الحديثَ أنَّ قَولَه: \"كُلَّ \" مِنَ الأكلِ، وهَذا خَطأٌ، ولَو أرادَ مِنَ الأكلِ لَوَقَعَ المَعنَى على الشَّفرَةِ؛ لأنَّ الشَّفرَةَ هِيَ التي تُفرِى، وإِنَّما مَعنَى الحديثِ: أن كُلَّ شئٍ أفرَى الأوداجَ مِن عودٍ أو حَجَرٍ بَعدَ أن يُفريَها فهو ذَكِيُّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٢٤٥٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي (٤٤١٤) من طريق حبان بن هلال به.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٥٧، ٤/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٢٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢١٥، ٢١٦.","vol":"19","page":321},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4028>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَعامِ أهلِ الكِتابِ</span>\nقال الله جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ﴾ [الماندة: ٥].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وكانَ طَعامُهُم عِندَ بَعضِ مَن حَفِظنا عنه مِن أهلِ التَّفسيرِ ذَبائحَهُم، وكانَتِ الآثارُ تَدُلُّ على إحلالِ ذَبائحِهِم (^١).\n\n١٩١٨١ - أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: طَعامُهُم ذَبائحُهُم (^٢).\nوروّيناه عن مُجاهِدٍ ومَكحولٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عليُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٨]. ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٢١]: فنَسَخَ واستَثنَى مِن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: ﴿وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٣١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٣٦، ١٣٧ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.\n(^٣) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ٨/ ١٣٥، ١٣٦، والدر المنثور ٥/ ١٩٧.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨١٧).","vol":"19","page":322},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4029>بابُ ما جاءَ في طَعامِهِم وإِن كانوا حَربًا</span>\n\n١٩١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا تَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ هو ابنُ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: أصَبتُ جِرابًا مِن شَحمٍ يَومَ خَيبَرَ فالتَزَمتُه فقُلتُ: لا أُعطِى أحَدًا اليَومَ مِن هذا شَيئًا. فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُتَبَسِّمٌ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ فَصِيلٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إنَّما أُحِلَّت ذَبائحُ اليَهودِ والنَّصارَى لأنَّهُم آمَنوا بالتَّوراةِ والِإنجيلِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4030>بابُ ما جاءَ في ذَبيحَةِ مَن أطاقَ الذَّبحَ</span>\nمِنِ امرأةٍ وصَبِىٍّ مِنَ المُسلِميَن أو مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ\n\n١٩١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَن بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبْدَةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٣٤٥٠) من طريق شيبان به. وتقدم في (١٨٠٤٩)، وسيأتي في (١٩٧٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٧٢/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣١١. وأخرجه الطبراني (١١٧٧٩) من طريق الحسن بن صالح به.","vol":"19","page":323},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه، أن امرأةً ذَبَحَت شاةً بحَجَرٍ، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- فلَم يَرَ بها بأسًا (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن عبْدَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ سَعدٍ أو سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ أخبَرَه، أن جاريَةً لِكَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ كانَت تَرعَى غَنَمًا له بالسَّلْعِ فأُصيبَت شاةٌ مِنها، فأَدرَكَتها فذَبَحَتها بحَجَرٍ، فسُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"لا بأسَ بها فكُلوها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وأَخبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رَخَّصَ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٨٢) من طريق عبدة به. وتقدم في (١٩١٧٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٠٤).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكرٍ (١٣/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٩، ومن طريقه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢١٦٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٩٩٥)، وأبو نعيم في المعرفة (٦٠١٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٠٥).","vol":"19","page":324},{"text":"ذَبيحَةِ المَرأَةِ والصَّبِىِّ -أوِ الغُلامِ- إذا ذَكَروا اسمَ اللَّهِ (^١). هذا إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ.\nوقَد تابَعَه الواقِدِيُّ فى ذَبيحَةِ الغُلامِ، هو أيضًا ضعيفٌ:\n\n١٩١٨٨ - أخبرَناه عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا الواقِدِىُّ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ، عن عامرٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بذَبيحَةِ الغُلامِ أن تُؤكَلَ إذا سَمَّى اللَّهَ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ بذَبيحَةِ الصَّبِىِّ والمَرأَةِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وأَهلِ الكِتابِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4031>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلمَرءِ مِن أن يَتَوَلَىَّ ذَبحَ نُسُكِه أو يَشهَدَهُ</span>\n\n١٩١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثتنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: ضَحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بكَبشَينِ أملَحَينِ أقرَنَينِ، وذَبَحَهُما بيَدِه وسَمَّى وكَبَّرَ، ووَضَعَ رِجلَه على صِفاحِهِما (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٥٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٤٦ من طريق الواقدى به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٥٥٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٣٩٩)، والترمذي (١٤٩٤) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وتقدم في (١٠٣١٦؛ ١٩٠٤٠).","vol":"19","page":325},{"text":"ومُسلِمٌ (^١) في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، عن آبائِه، عن علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لِفاطِمَةَ: \"يا فاطِمَةُ قُومِى فاشهَدِى أُضحيَّتَكِ، أما إنَّ لَكِ بأَوَّلِ قَطرَةٍ تَقطُرُ مِن دَمِها مَغفِرَةً لِكُلِّ ذَنبٍ، أما إنَّه يُجاءُ بها يَومَ القيامَةِ بلُحومِها ودِمائِها سبعينَ ضِعفًا حَتَّى توضَعَ في ميزانِكِ\". فقالَ أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أهَذِه لآلِ محمدٍ خاصَّةً، فهُم أهلٌ لِما خُصّوا به مِن خَيرٍ، أو لآلِ محمدٍ والنّاسِ عامَّةً؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَل هِيَ لآلِ محمدٍ والنّاسِ عامَّةً\" (^٣). عمرُو بنُ خالِدٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٤).\n\n١٩١٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بنُ مالكٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن أبي حَمزَةَ الثُّمالِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا فاطِمَةُ قُومِى فاشهَدِى أُضحيَّتَكِ؛ فإِنَّه يُغفَرُ لَكِ بأَوَّلِ قَطرَةٍ تَقَطُرُ مِن دَمِها كُلُّ ذَنبٍ عَمِلتيه، وقولِى: ﴿إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٦٥)، ومسلم (١٩٦٦/ ١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٧٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٠٩٦). وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٦٩: بل كذاب.","vol":"19","page":326},{"text":"رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (١٦٢) لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٢، ١٦٣] \".\nقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ هذا لَكَ ولأهلِ بَيتِكَ خاصَّةً، فأَهْلُ ذَلِكَ أنتُم، أم لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً؟ قال: \"بَل لِلمُسلِمينَ عامَّةً\" (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا عمرُو بنُ قَيسٍ المُلائيُّ عن عَطيَّةَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال لِفاطِمَةَ. فذَكَر مَعناه (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن أبي موسَى أنَّه أمَرَ بَناتِه أن يُضَحّينَ بأَيديهِنَّ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4032>بابُ النَّسيكَةِ يَدبَحُها غَيُر مالكِها</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: أجزأَت؛ لأنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَحَرَ بَعضَ هَديِه، ونَحَرَ بَعضَه غَيرُه (^٤).\n\n١٩١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَحَرَ بَعضَ هَديِه بيَدِه ونَحَرَ بَعضَه غَيرُه (^٥).\n\n١٩١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٠٣٢٠). وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٦٩: إسناده واه.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٢٢ من طريق عمرو بن قيس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حجر في التغليق ٥/ ١١.\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٥) مالك ١/ ٣٩٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٧٣)، والنسائي (٤٤٣١).","vol":"19","page":327},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ضحَّى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن نِسائِه بالبَقَرِ (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٢).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وأَهدَى هَديًا، وإِنَّما نَحَرَه مَن أهداه مَعَه (^٣).\n\n١٩١٩٤ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى القُطَعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سِنانِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن ذُؤَيبًا أبا قَبيصَةَ حَدَّثَه أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَبعَثُ مَعَه بالبُدنِ ثُمَّ يقولُ: \"إن عَطِبَ مِنها شَئٌ فخَشيتَ عَلَيها مَوتًا فانحَرْها، ثُمَّ اغمِسْ نَعلَها في دَمِها، ثُمَّ اضرِبْ به صَفحَتَها ولا تَطعَمْها أنتَ ولا أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ رُفقَتِكَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي غَسّانَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٥).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: غَيرَ أنِّى أكرَهُ أن يَذبَحَ شَيئًا (^٦) مِنَ النَّسائكِ مُشرِكٌ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٨٤٧، ٩٣٧٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٩٤، ٥٥٥٩)، ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣٤٦).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٢٦).\n(^٦) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٧) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"19","page":328},{"text":"١٩١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرٌ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ أنَّه قال: لا يَذبَحُ نَسيكَةَ المُسلِمِ اليَهودِىُّ والنَّصرانِيُّ.\n\n١٩١٩٦ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي قابوسُ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه كَرِهَ أن يَذبَحَ نَسيكَةَ المُسلِمِ، اليَهودِىُّ والنَّصرانِىُّ.\n\n١٩١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا قابوسُ بنُ أبي ظَبيانَ أن أباه حَدَّثَه قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: لا يَذبَحُ أُضحيَّتَكَ إلَّا مسلمٌ، وإِذا ذَبَحتَ فقُلْ: باسمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِن فُلانٍ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فإِن ذَبَحَها مُشرِكٌ تَحِلُّ ذَكاتُه أجزأَت مَعَ كَراهيَتِى لَها (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لِما مَضَى في إحلالِ ذَبائحِهِم، ورُوّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ أنَّه لَم يَرَ به بأسًا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٠١٨٠، ١٠١٨٤).","vol":"19","page":329},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4033>بابُ ذَبائحِ نَصارَى العَرَبِ</span>\n\n١٩١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي يَحيَى، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن سَعدِ الفَلجَةِ (^١) مَولَى عُمَرَ -أوِ ابنِ سَعدِ الفَلجَةِ (^١) - أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: ما نَصارَى العَرَبِ بأَهلِ كِتابِ، وما تَحِلُّ لَنا ذَبائحُهُم، وما أنا بتارِكِهِم حَتَّى يُسلِموا أو أضرِبَ أعناقَهُم (^٢).\n\n١٩١٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِيُّ، عن عليٍّ أنَّه قال: لا تأكُلوا ذَبائحَ نَصارَى بَنى تَغلِبَ؛ فإِنَّهُم لَم يَتَمَسَّكوا مِن دينِهِم إلَّا بشُربِ الخَمرِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4034>بابُ ما جاءَ في ذَبيحَةِ المَجوسِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ المَشّاطُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى مَجوسِ هَجَرَ يَعرِضُ عَلَيهِمُ الإسلامَ،\n_________\n(^١) في س:\"العجلة\"، وفي م:\"الفلحة\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٨٣١).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٨٣٢).","vol":"19","page":330},{"text":"فمَن أسلَمَ قُبِلَ مِنه، ومَن أبَى ضُرِبَت عَلَيهِمُ الجِزيَةُ، على ألَّا تُؤكَلَ لَهُم ذَبيحَةٌ ولا تُنكَحَ لَهُمُ امرأةٌ (^١).\nهذا مُرسَلٌ، وإِجماعُ أكثَرِ الأُمَّةِ عَلَيه يُؤَكِّدُه.\n\n١٩٢٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلِ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الخَليلِ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن عليٍّ قال: لا بأسَ بطَعامِ المَجوسِ، إنَّما نُهِىَ عن ذَبائحِهِم (^٢).\nرَواه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن يوسُفَ بنِ موسَى عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ، وعن محمدِ بنِ مَيمونٍ المَكِّىِّ عن أبي سعيدٍ مَولَى بَنِى هاشِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سلمةَ مُحتَجًّا به، ويَحيَى بنُ سلمةَ فيه ضَعفٌ (^٣).\nوقَد قيلَ: عنه عن أبيه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الخَليلِ عن أبيه عن عليٍّ -﵁- (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبي الخَليلِ الحَضرَمِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁-.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٦٩٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٩٦ من طريق يحيى بن سلمة به، بلفظ: لا بأس بأكل خبز المجوس.\n(^٣) هو يحيى بن سلمة بن كهيل الحضرمى، أبو جعفر الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٧٧، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ١٥٤، والكامل لابن عدى ٧/ ٢٦٥٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٣٦١.\nوقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٣٤٩: متروك.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٥٥ من طريق يحيى بن سلمة به.","vol":"19","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4035>بابٌ: السُّنَّةُ في أن يَستَقبِلَ بالذَّبيحَةِ القِبلَةَ</span>\nقالَه الزُّهرِىُّ، وقالَ: إن جَهِلَ فلا بأسَ أن يأكُلَ إذا ذُكِرَ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيها.\nورُوّينا في حَديثِ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: ذَبَحَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- كَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ يَومَ العيدِ، فلَمّا وجَّهَهُما قال: \"وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّمَاواتِ والأرضَ حَنيفًا\". فذَكَرَه، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ (^١)، وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: وجَّهَهُما إلَى القِبلَةِ حينَ ذَبَحَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يَستَحِبُّ أن يَستَقبِلَ القِبلَةَ إذا ذَبَحَ (^٣).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وقالَ في الحديثِ: كان يَستَقبِلُ بذَبيحَتِه القِبلَةَ.\nورُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ مَرفوعٌ عن غالِبٍ الجَزَرِيِّ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂-، وإِسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4036>بابُ التَّسميَةِ على الذَّبيحَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى في (١٩٢١١).\n(^٢) سيأتى عقب (١٩٢١١).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٥٨٥) من طريق أيوب عن نافع به.","vol":"19","page":332},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ويَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ قالوا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يُضَحِّى بكَبشَينِ ويَضَعُ رِجلَه على صِفاحِهِما، فيَذبَحُهُما بيَدِه ويَقولُ: \"باسمِ اللَّهِ واللَّهُ أكبَرُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4037>بابُ الصَّلاةِ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عِندَ الذَّبيحَةِ</span>\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بن سلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: والتَّسميَةُ على الذَّبيحَةِ: باسمِ اللَّه، فإن زادَ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ شَيئًا مِن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ فالزّيادَةُ خَيرٌ، ولا أكرَهُ مَعَ تَسميَتِه علي الذَّبيحَةِ أن يَقولَ: صَلَّى الله على رسولِ اللَّهِ. بَل أُحِبُّه له، وأَحَبُّ إلَىَّ أن يُكثِرَ الصَّلاةَ عَلَيه، فصَلَّى الله عَلَيه في كُلِّ الحالاتِ؛ لأنَّ ذِكرَ اللَّهِ والصَّلاةَ عَلَيه إيمانٌ باللَّهِ وعِبادَةٌ له يُؤجَرُ عَلَيها إن شاءَ الله مَن قالَها، وقَد ذَكَرَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عَوفٍ أنَّه كان مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣). فذَكَرَ مَعنَى ما:\n\n١٩٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عمرٍو هو ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحوَيرِثِ، عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ قال: دَخَلتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٤٣٠) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٦/ ١٨).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٣٩.","vol":"19","page":333},{"text":"المَسجِدَ فرأَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خارِجًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ، فاتَّبَعتُه أمشِى وراءَه ولا يَشعُرُ، حَتَّى دَخَلَ نَخلًا، فاستَقبَلَ القِبلَةَ فسَجَدَ فأَطالَ السُّجودَ وأَنا وراءَه حَتَّى ظَنَنتُ أن اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد تَوَفّاه، فأَقبَلتُ أمشِى حَتَّى جِئتُه فطأطأتُ رأسِى أنظُرُ في وجهِه، فرَفَع رأسَه فقالَ: \"ما لَكَ يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ؟ \". فقُلتُ له: لَمّا أطَلتَ السُّجودَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ خَشيتُ أن يَكونَ الله ﷿ قَد تَوَفَّى نَفسَكَ فجِئتُ أنظُرُ. فقالَ: \"إنِّى لَمّا دَخَلتُ النَّخلَ لَقِيتُ جِبريلَ ﵇ فقالَ: إنِّى أُبَشِّرُكَ أن اللَّهَ ﷿ يقولُ: مَن سَلَّمَ عَلَيكَ سَلَّمتُ عَلَيه، ومَن صَلَّى عَلَيكَ صَلَّيتُ عَلَيه\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن ابنِ أبي سَندَرٍ الأسلَمِىِّ عن مَولًى لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\"مَن نَسِىَ الصَّلاةَ عليَّ خُطِّئَ به طَريقُ الجَنَّةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٠٥ - أخبرَناه أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ المِهرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَى بنِ كَعبٍ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبي، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٢٢٢، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٦٨) من طريق أحمد بن إبراهيم بن ملحان به. وتقدم في (٣٩٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٨٤٧)، والمصنف في الشعب (١٥٥٥) من طريق ابن أبي سندر الأسلمى به.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"19","page":334},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن نَسِىَ الصَّلاةَ عليَّ خُطِّئَ به طَريقُ الجَنَّةِ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ [الشرح: ٤]: لا أُذكَرُ إلَّا ذُكِرتَ، أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأَشهَدُ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِي ابنَ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بن أبي زائدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي المُبارَكُ، عن الحَسَنِ ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ﴾ قال: إذا ذُكِرَ الله ذُكِرَ رسولُه -ﷺ-.\n\n١٩٢٠٨ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ زَيدٍ العَمِّيُّ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَذكُرونِى عَندَ ثَلاثٍ؛ عِندَ تَسميَةِ الطَّعامِ، وعِندَ الذَّبحِ، وعِندَ العُطاسِ\". فهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ وأَبوه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١٥٧٤). وأخرجه ابن الأعرابى في معجمه (٣٥٥)، والمصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٦٩)، وفي الدعوات الكبير (١٥٤) من طريق محمد بن سليمان الباغندى به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٨٣٧).","vol":"19","page":335},{"text":"ضَعيفانِ (^١)، وسُلَيمانُ بنُ عيسَى السِّجزِيُّ في عِدادِ مَن يَضَعُ الحديثَ (^٢)، ولَو عَرَفَ يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى حالَه لَما استَجازَ الرِّوايَةَ عنه، وهو فيما ذَكَرَه شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ ﵀، ونَسَبَه أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ أيضًا إلَى وضعِ الحديثِ فيما أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ عَنه (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ حَمَّادٍ يقولُ قال: السَّعدِيُّ وهو إبراهيمُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الجُوزْجانِيُّ: سُلَيمان بنُ عيسَى الَّذِى يَروِى آدابَ سُفيانَ كذَّابٌ مصَرِّحٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4038>بابُ قَولِ المُضَحِّى: اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ وإِلَيكَ فتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّى. وقَولِ المُضَحِّى عن غَيرِهِ: اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِن فُلانٍ</span>\n\n١٩٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: قال حَيوَةُ: أخبرَنِي أبو صَخرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بكَبشٍ أقرَنَ يَطأُ في سَوادٍ، ويَبرُكُ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدما عقب (٣٨١).\n(^٢) هو سليمان بن عيسى بن يحيى السجزي، أبو يحيى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٣٤، والأنساب ٣/ ٢٢٣، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٣، والمغنى في الضعفاء ١/ ٤٠٥.\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١٣٦.","vol":"19","page":336},{"text":"سَوادٍ، ويَنظُرُ في سَوادٍ، فأُتِىَ به ليُضَحِّى قال: \"يا عائشَةُ هَلُمِّى المُديَةَ، اشحَذيها بحَجَرٍ\". ففَعَلَتْ، ثُمَّ أخَذَها وأَخَذَ الكَبشَ فأَضجَعَه ثُمَّ ذَبَحَه، ثُمَّ قال: \"باسم اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ ومِن أُمَّةِ محمدٍ\". ثُمَّ ضَحَّى به (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ معروفٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَكَمِ القِطرِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو، عن المُطَّلِبِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: شَهِدتُ أضحًى مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالمُصَلَّي، فلَمّا قَضى خُطبَتَه ونَزَلَ عن مِنبَرِه أُتِىَ بكَبشِه فذَبَحَه وقالَ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، هذا عَنِّى وعَمَّن لَم يُضَحِّ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِّيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: ذَبَحَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - يَومَ الذَّبحِ كَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٤٤٩١)، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٧٧، ١٩١١٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٩٣) عن سعيد بن منصور به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٦٥).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"موجئين\".","vol":"19","page":337},{"text":"فلَمَّا وجَّهَهُما قال: \"إنِّى وجَّهتُ وجهِىَ لِلَّذِى فطَرَ السَّماواتِ والأرضَ على مِلَّةِ إبراهيمَ حَنيفًا وما أنا مِنَ المُشرِكينَ، إنَّ صَلاتِى ونُسُكِى ومَحياىَ ومَماتِى للهِ رَبِّ العالَمينَ لا شَريكَ له، وبِذَلِكَ أُمِرتُ وأَنا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ عن محمدٍ وأُمَّتِه، باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكْبَرُ\". ثُمَّ ذَبَحَ -ﷺ-. لَفظُ حَديثِ عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الوَهْبِىِّ: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَبشَينِ يَومَ العيدِ، فلمَّا وجَّهَهُما قال. فذَكَرَ الدُّعاءَ، ثُمَّ قال: \"اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، عن محمدٍ وأُمَّتِه\". وسَمَّى وذَبَحَ (^١).\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: وجَّهَهُما إلَى القِبلَةِ حينَ ذَبَحَ (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن [يَزيدَ بنِ خالِدِ] (^٣) بنِ أبي عِمرانَ عن أبي عَيَّاشٍ عن جابِرٍ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِن وجهٍ لا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه أنَّه ضَحَّى بكَبشَينِ، فقالَ في أحَدِهِما بَعدَ ذِكرِ الله: \"اللَّهُمَّ عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ\". وفِي الآخَرَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ عن محمدٍ وأُمَّةِ محمدٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في فضائل الأوقات (٢١٢). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٩٨٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٧٧ عن أحمد بن خالد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٩١١٨).\n(^٢) ذكرها المصنف في فضائل الأوقات عقب (٢١٢).\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وفي مصدرى التخريج وغيرهما: يزيد بن أبي حيب المصرى عن خالد. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٠٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٠٢٢)، وابن خزيمة (٢٨٩٩) من طريق يزيد عن خالد به.\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٠.","vol":"19","page":338},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما أرادَ ما:\n\n١٩٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي جامِعُ بنُ سَوادَةَ، حدثنا أبو حازِمٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ دينارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ (^١) محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ أو عن أبي هريرةَ -﵄- قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُضَحِّى بكَبشَينِ أقرَنَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ، فيَبدأُ بأَحَدِهِما فيَقولُ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، عن محمدٍ وأُمَّتِه مَن شَهِدَ لَكَ بالتَّوحيدِ وشَهِدَ لِى بالبَلاغِ\". ويَذبَحُ الآخَرَ ويَقُولُ: \"باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بِشْرانَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إذا ضَحَّى اشتَرَى كَبشَينِ سَمينَينِ أقرَنَينِ أملَحَينِ مُوجِيَّينِ، فذَبَحَ أحَدَهُما عن أُمَّتِه مَن شَهِدَ له بالتَّوحيدِ وشَهِدَ له بالبَلاغِ، والآخَرَ عن محمدٍ وآلِ محمدٍ. هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\nورَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ عن علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن أبي رافِعٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"عن\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٧٨.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٩٠٧٨، ١٩١١٩).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٨٠).","vol":"19","page":339},{"text":"ورَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جابِرٍ عن أبيه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ: لَعَلَّه سَمِعَ مِن هَؤُلاءِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وفيما ذَكَرنا قبلَ حَديثِه كِفايَةٌ.\n\n١٩٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ ومَنصورٍ، عن أبي ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قُلتُ له: قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا صَوَافَّ﴾ [الحج: ٣٦]؟ قال: إذا أرَدتَ أن تَنحَرَ البَدَنَةَ فأَقِمْها، ثُمَّ قُلِ: اللهُ أكبَرُ اللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ. ثُمَّ سَمِّ ثُمَّ انحَرْها. قال: قُلتُ: وأَقولُ ذَلِكَ في الأُضحيَّةِ؟ قال: والأُضحيَّةُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأردَستانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ شَرِيبٍ قال: أُتِىَ عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ يَومَ النَّحرِ بكَبشٍ فذَبَحَه وقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٠٧٩).\n(^٢) ينظر علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٢٤٦.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٨٩، وصححه. وعزاه السيوطى في الدر المنثور ١٠/ ٥٠٢ إلى عبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وابن أبي الدنيا في الأضاحى. وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٣١١).","vol":"19","page":340},{"text":"باسمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، ومِن محمدٍ لَكَ. ثُمَّ أَمَرَ به فتُصُدِّقَ به، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بكَبشٍ آخَرَ فذَبَحَه فقالَ: باسمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنكَ ولَكَ، ومِن عليٍّ لَكَ. قال: ثُمَّ قال: ائتِنِى بطابِقٍ (^١) مِنه وتَصَدَّقْ بسائرِه (^٢).\n\n١٩٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ النَّهدِىُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي الحَسناءِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: كان عليُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ يُضَحِّى بكَبشٍ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبِكَبشٍ عن نَفسِه، قُلنا له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ تُضَحِّى عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَنِى أن أُضَحِّىَ عنه أبَدًا، فأَنا أُضَحِّى عنه أبَدًا (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن شَريكٍ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بإِسنادِهِ، وهو إن ثَبَتَ يَدُلُّ على جَوازِ التَّضحيَةِ عَمَّن خَرَجَ مِن دارِ الدُّنيا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ.\nوأَمّا عن الحَملِ، فقَد قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: لا يُضَحَّى عَمّا في البَطنِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ،\n_________\n(^١) طابق: مقدار ما يأكل منه اثنان أو ثلاثة. النهاية ٣/ ١١٤. وضبطه في الأصل بفتح الباء وكسرها.\n(^٢) عزاه في كنز العمال (١٢٦٨٤) لابن أبي الدنيا في الأضاحى عن عاصم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٤٣)، والترمذي (١٤٩٥) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٧٩٠).\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٦.","vol":"19","page":341},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان لا يُضَحِّى عَمّا في بَطنِ المَرأَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4039>بابُ ما جاءَ في حِلاقِ الشَّعَرِ بَعدَ ذَبحِ الأُضحيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٩٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- ضَحَّى مَرَّةً بالمَدينَةِ، قال نافِعٌ: فأَمَرَنِى أن أشتَرِىَ له كَبشًا فحيلًا أقرَنَ، ثُمَّ أذبَحَه يَومَ الأضحَى في مُصلَّى النّاسِ. قال نافِعٌ: ففَعَلتُ، ثُمَّ حُمِلَ الكَبشُ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ فحَلَقَ رأسَه حينَ ذُبِحَ الكَبشُ، وكانَ مَريضًا لَم يَشهَدِ العيدَ مَعَ النّاسِ. قال نافِعٌ: وكانَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: لَيسَ حِلاقُ الرأسِ بواجِبٍ على مَن ضَحَّى إذا لَم يَحُجَّ. وقَد فعَلَه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4040>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يوجِبُ شاةً أُضحيَّةً لَم يَكُنْ له أن يُبدِلَها بخَيرٍ ولا شَرٍّ مِنها</span>\n\n١٩٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ أبو الشيخِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الألثَغُ المُخرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، عن الجَهمِ بنِ جارودٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٤٨٧.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٣.","vol":"19","page":342},{"text":"أهدَى بُختيَّةً (^١) له قَد أُعطِىَ بها ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دينارٍ، فأَرادَ أن يَبيعَها ويَشتَرِىَ بثَمَنِها بُدنًا، فسألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ، فأَمرَه أن يَنحَرَها ولا يَبيعَها (^٢). كَذا قال: بُختيَّةً لَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4041>بابُ ما جاءَ في ولَدِ الأُضحيَّةِ ولَبَنِها</span>\n\n١٩٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن مُغيرَةَ بنِ حَذَفٍ العَبسِىِّ قال: كُنا مَعَ عليٍّ بالرَّحْبَةِ، فجاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن هَمْدانَ يَسوقُ بَقَرَةً مَعَها ولَدُها فقالَ: إنِّى اشتَرَيتُها أُضَحِّى بها وإِنَّها ولَدَت. قال: فلا تَشرَبْ مِن لَبَنِها إلَّا فضلًا عن ولَدِها، فإِذا كان يَومُ النَّحرِ فانحَرْها هِيَ ووَلَدَها عن سَبعَةٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4042>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَشتَرى ضَحيَّةً (^٤) وهِيَ تامَّةٌ ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَها نَقصٌ وبَلَغَتِ المَنسِكَ</span>\n\n١٩٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّان، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى،\n_________\n(^١) البختية: الأنثى من الجمال البخت، والذكر بختي، وهي جمال طوال، وتجمع على بخت وبخاتي، واللفظة معربة. النهاية ١/ ١٠١.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٣٠ من طريق محمد بن سلمة به. وقال البخاري: ولا يعرف لجهم سماع من سالم. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٧٤: جهم مجهول.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣٠٤). وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٧٤: إسناده غريب.\n(^٤) في م: \"أضحية\".","vol":"19","page":343},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الوَهْبِيُّ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ قَرَظَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: اشتَرَيتُ شاةً لأُضَحِّىَ بها، فخَرَجتُ فأَخَذَ الذِّئبُ أليَتَها، فسأَلتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ضَحِّ بها\". وفِي رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ: اشتَرَينا كَبشًا لِنُضَحِّىَ به فقَطَعَ الذِّئبُ أليَتَه - أو مِن أليَتِه - فسأَلتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فأَمَرَنِى أن أُضَحِّىَ بهِ (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ وشَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ عن جابِرٍ الجُعفِىِّ (^٢). إلَّا أن جابِرًا غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الحَجَّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا بأسَ بالأُضحيَّةِ المَقطوعَةِ الذَّنَبِ\". وهَذا مُختَصَرٌ مِنَ الحديثِ الأوَّلِ، فقَد رَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن حَجّاجٍ عن عَطيَّةَ عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن رَجُلًا سألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عن شاةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٢٧٤)، وابن ماجة (٣١٤٦) من طرق عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٢٠)، والطيالسى (٢٣٥١) من طريق شعبة به. والطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٦٩ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).","vol":"19","page":344},{"text":"قَطَعَ الذِّئبُ ذَنَبَها يُضحِّى بها، قال: \"ضَحِّ بها\" (^١).\n\n١٩٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄- رأى هَدايا له فيها ناقَةٌ عَوراءُ فقالَ: إن كان أصابَها بَعدَما اشتَرَيتُموها فأَمضوها، وإِن كان أصابَها قبلَ أن تَشتَروها فأَبدِلوها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4043>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَشتَرِى ضَحيَّةَ فتَموتُ أو تُسرَقُ أو تَضِلُّ</span>\n\n١٩٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبي حَمزَةَ قال: قال نافِعٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: أيُّما رَجُلٍ أهدَى هَديَّةً فضَلَّت، فإِن كانَت نَذرًا أبدَلها، وإِن كانَت تَطَوُّعًا فإِن شاءَ أبدَلَها، وإِن شاءَ تَرَكَها (^٣).\nهَكَذا رَواه مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ مَوقوفًا (^٤).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عامِرٍ الأسلَمِيُّ عن نافِعٍ مَرفوعًا (^٥)، والصَّوابُ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٣٨٨)، وعبد بن حميد (٨٩٧) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٩٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٣٥١).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٣٥٣).","vol":"19","page":345},{"text":"١٩٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ العَدلُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن تَميمِ بنِ حُوَيصٍ يَعنِي المِصرِيَّ قال: اشتَرَيتُ شاةً بمِنًى أُضحيَّةً فضَلَّت، فسأَلتُ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: لا يَضُرُّكَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ولَكِنَّه إن وجَدَها بَعدَما أوجَبَها ذَبَحَها وإِن مَضَت أيّامُ النَّحرِ، كما يُصنَعُ في البُدنِ مِنَ الهَدىِ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها ساقَت بَدَنَتَينِ فضَلَّتا، فأَرسَلَ إلَيها ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ بَدَنَتَينِ مَكانَهُما فنَحَرَتهُما، ثُمَّ وجَدَتِ الأَوَّلَتينِ (^٢) فنَحَرَتهُما أيضًا ثُمَّ قالَت: هَكَذا السُّنَّةُ في البُدنِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٢٥.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الأوليين\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٢٥) من طريق أبي معاوية به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٧٥: إسناده صالح.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"19","page":346},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4044>بابُ التَّضحيَةِ في اللَّيلِ مِن أيّامِ مِنًى</span>\n\n١٩٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ أنَّه قال لِقَيِّمٍ له جَدَّ (^١) نَخلَه باللَّيلِ: ألَم تَعلَمْ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن جِدادِ اللَّيلِ وصِرامِ اللَّيلِ؟ أو قال: وحَصادِ اللَّيلِ؟ قال سفيانُ: يُقالُ: حَتَّى يَكونَ بالنَّهارِ وتحضُرَه (^٢) المَساكينُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه لَم يذكُرِ الصِّرامَ والحَصادَ. قال سفيانُ: فسأَلوا جَعفَرًا عن الأضحَى باللَّيلِ فقالَ: لا. قال سفيانُ: هذا في حالِ المَساكينِ.\n\n١٩٢٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: نُهِىَ عن جِدادِ\n_________\n(^١) الجداد: الحصاد. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٤٣.\n(^٢) في س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"يحضره\".\n(^٣) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٤٢٢). وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (١٢٨)، وأبو بكر الشافعى في الغيلانيات (٧٦) من طريق سفيان به. وينظر ما تقدم في (٧٥٨٥).","vol":"19","page":347},{"text":"اللَّيلِ وحَصادِ اللَّيلِ والأضحَى باللَّيلِ، وإِنَّما كان ذَلِكَ مِن شِدَّةِ حالِ النّاسِ، كان الرَّجُلُ يَفعَلُه لَيلًا فنُهِىَ عنه، ثُمَّ رُخِّصَ في ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4045>بابُ النَّهىِ عن أكلِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ</span>\n\n١٩٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى ابنِ أزهَرَ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: لا يأكُلَنَّ أحَدُكُم مِن نُسُكِه بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ (^٢).\nكَذا رَواه الشَّافِعِيُّ عن سُفيانَ مَوقوفًا، ومِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ مَرفوعًا (^٣)، والحديثُ عِندَ غَيرِه عن سُفيانَ مَرفوعٌ:\n\n١٩٢٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: شَهِدتُ العيدَ مَعَ علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ فبَدأ بالصَّلاةِ قبلَ الخُطبَةِ وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن نأكُلَ مِن لُحومِ نُسُكِنا بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الجَبَّارِ بنِ العَلاءِ (^٥)،\n_________\n(^١) الخراج ليحيى بن آدم (٤٢٤).\n(^٢) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٦٧٧). والشافعى في مسنده (٤٧٠ - شفاء العى).\n(^٣) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٦٧٩)، والشافعى في مسنده (٤٧١ - شفاء العى).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٦٣٦٤، ٨٣٣٠).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٦٩/ ٢٤).","vol":"19","page":348},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ وغَيرِه عن الزُّهرِىِّ مَرفوعًا (^١).\n\n١٩٢٣٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطَّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ مَولَى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ عَليًّا يقولُ يَومَ الأضحَى: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَدَ نَهَى أن تأكُلوا مِن نُسُكِكُم بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ فلا تأكُلوها (^٢) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن تُؤكَلَ لُحومُ الأضاحِىِّ بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ. قال سالِمٌ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ لا يأكُلُ لُحومَ الأضاحِىِّ فوقَ ثَلاثٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥٧١)، ومسلم (١٩٦٩/ ٢٥).\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٥٦٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٨٧)، والنسائي (٤٤٣٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٦٩/ ٢٥).\n(^٤) أحمد (٤٩٠٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٤٣٥) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٧٠/ ٢٧)، والبخارى (٥٥٧٤).","vol":"19","page":349},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4046>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الأكلِ مِن لُحومِ الضَّحايا والإطعامِ والادِّخارِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه نَهَى عن أكلِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ، ثُمَّ قال بَعدُ: \"كُلوا وتَزَوَّدوا وادَّخِروا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا [محمدُ بنُ] (^٣) عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَي، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيج، حدثنا عَطاءٌ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: كُنّا لا نأكُلُ مِن لَحمِ بُدنِنا فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، فرَخَّصَ لَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلوا وتَزَوَّدوا\". فأَكَلنا وتَزَوَّدنا. قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: قال جابِرٌ: حَتَّى جِئنا المَدينَةَ؟ قال: لا (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى القَطَّانِ وقالَ: نَعَم. بَدَلَ قَولِه: لا. ورَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ عن يَحيَى كما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٨٠)، والشافعى في مسنده (٤٧٢ - شفاء العى)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٨٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥١٦٨)، والنسائي (٤٤٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٩٢٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٧٢/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أبو\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤١٣٨) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٥٠٤٢) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.","vol":"19","page":350},{"text":"رَواه مُسَدَّدٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نَتَزَوَّدُ مِن لُحومِ الهَدىِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى المَدينَةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ عن عليٍّ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ؛ كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٣).\nفالتَّزَوُّدُ إلَى المَدينَةِ حَفِظَه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ عن عَطاءٍ، وحَفِظَه أيضًا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ (^٤)، وحَفِظَه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبي الزّاهِريَّةِ، عن جُبَيرِ بِنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: ذَبَحَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُضحيَّتَه فقالَ: \"يا ثَوبانُ هَيِّئْ لَنا هذه الشّاةَ وأَصلِحْها\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (١٧١٩)، ومسلم (١٩٧٢/ ٣٠)، وأحمد (١٤٤١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣١٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٤) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٩٨٠، ٥٤٢٤، ٥٥٦٧)، ومسلم (١٩٧٢/ ٣٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٨٦٧) من طريق عبد الملك به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٨٦٥، ٧٨٦٦) من طريق زهير به.","vol":"19","page":351},{"text":"فما زِلتُ أُطعِمُه مِنها حَتَّى قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن أبيه، عن ثَوبانَ مَولَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى السُّكَرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّبَيدِيِّ محمدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ أنَّه حَدَّثَه قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا ثَوبانُ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أصلِحْ هذا اللَّحمَ\". فأَصلَحتُه. قال: فلَم يَزَلْ يأكُلُ مِنه حَتَّى بَلَغَ المَدينَةَ. زادَ أبو مُسهِرٍ في رِوايَتِه: في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبي مُسهِرٍ وقالَ فيه: في حَجَّةِ الوداعِ. ولا أُراها مَحفوظَةً (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٩١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأبو داود (٢٨١٤) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٧٥/ ٣٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٨٧٠) من طريق محمد بن المبارك به. وابن حبان (٥٩٣٢) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٧٧: بل هي محفوظة والمعنى عليها، فإنه ﵇ ما ضحى في غير المدينة إلا في حجته.\nوالحديث في مسلم (١٩٧٥/ ٣٦).","vol":"19","page":352},{"text":"ورَواه عن عبدِ اللهِ الدارمىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ المُبارَكِ دونَ هذه اللَّفظَةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٣٩ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الخَليلِ القَطّانُ، حدثتا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّليطِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُنتُ نَهَيتُكُم أن تأكُلوا لُحومَ الأضاحِيِّ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ، وإِنَّما أرَدتُ بذَلِكَ ليَتَّسِعَ أهلُ السَّعَةِ على مَن لا سعَةَ له، فكُلوا ما بَدا لَكُم وادَّخِروا\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِه (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ عن أبي عاصِمٍ عن سُفيانَ كما مَضى في كِتابِ الأشرِبَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَي، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَي، حدثنا مُعَرِّفٌ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٧٥) عقب (٣٦).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٠٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٧٧) عقب (٣٧)، وتقدم في (١٧٥٥٠).","vol":"19","page":353},{"text":"\"نَهَيتُكُم عن ثَلاثٍ وأَنا آمُرُكُم بهِنَّ؛ نَهَيتُكُم عن زيارَةِ القُبورِ فزوروها؛ فإِنَّ في زيارَتِها تَذكِرَةً، ونَهَيتُكُم عن الأشرِبَةِ أن تَشرَبوا في ظُروفِ الأدَمِ، فاشرَبوا في كُلِّ وِعاءٍ غَيرَ ألَّا تَشرَبوا مُسكِرًا، ونَهَيتُكُم عن لُحومِ الأضاحِىِّ أن تأكُلوها بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ، فكُلوها واستَتفِعوا بها في أسفارِكُم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مُعَرِّفِ بنِ واصِلٍ (^٢).\nوابنُ بُرَيدَةَ هذا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، فقَد أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبي سِنانٍ ضِرارِ بنِ مُرَّةَ عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ عن أبيهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا لَيثٌ هو ابنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ خَبّابٍ، أن أبا سعيدِ ابنَ مالكٍ الخُدرِيَّ قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ، فقُدِّمَ إلَيه مِن لُحومِ الأضاحِىِّ فقالَ: ما أنا بآكِلِه حَتَّى أسألَ. فانطَلَقَ إلَى أخيه لأُمِّه -وكانَ بَدريًّا- قَتادَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ، فسألَه عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ له: قَد حَدَثَ بَعدَكَ أمرٌ نَقضًا لِما كان نُهِىَ عنه مِن أكلِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بَعدَ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٢٧٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٩٩/ ٦٥) مقتصرًا على النهى عن الأشربة.\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٧٧/ ١٠٦، ١٩٧٧/ ٣٧)، وتقدم في (١٧٥٥٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٤٤٣٩) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٩٩٧).","vol":"19","page":354},{"text":"١٩٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ أبو جَعفَرٍ وأَبِى إسحاقُ بنُ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَبَّابٍ مَولَى بَنِى عَدِيٍّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَد نَهانا أن نأكُلَ لُحومَ نُسُكِنا فوقَ ثَلاثٍ، فخَرَجتُ في سَفَرٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ على أهلِى فقالَت: إنَّه رُخِّصَ لِلنّاسِ بَعدَ ذَلِكَ. قال: فلَم أُصَدِّقْها حَتَّى بَعَثتُ إلَى أخِى قَتادَةَ بنِ النُّعمانِ -وكانَ بَدريًّا- أسألُه عن ذَلِكَ. قال: فبَعَثَ إلَيَّ أن كُلْ طَعامَكَ فقَد صَدَقَت، قَد أرخَصَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلمُسلِمينَ في ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ إياسٍ الجُرَيرِىُّ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَي، حدثنا سعيدٌ يَعنِي الجُرَيرِىَّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أهلَ المدينَةِ، لا تأكُلوا لَحمَ (^٢) الأضاحِيِّ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ\". فشَكَوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّ لَهُم\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢١٤) عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"لحوم\".","vol":"19","page":355},{"text":"عيالًا وحَشَمًا وخَدَمًا، حصالَ: \"كُلوا وأَطعِموا واحبِسوا وادَّخِروا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ\nفي \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ ابنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبي عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ الأضحَى: \"مَن ضَحَّى مِنكُم فلا يُصبِحَنَّ في بَيتِه مِن أُضحيَّتِه بَعدَ ثالِثَةٍ شَئٌ\". فلَمّا كان العامُ المُقبِلُ قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَفعَلُ في هذا العامِ كما فعَلنا في العامِ الماضِى؟ فقالَ: \"لا، كُلوا وأَطعِموا وادَّخِروا، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ العامَ كان فيه شِدَّةٌ -أو كَلِمَةً تُشبِهُها- فأَرَدتُ أن تَقسِموا في النّاسِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكِ بنِ مَخلَدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ وقالَ: \"فأَرَدتُ أن يَفشُوَ فيهِم\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذاءُ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن نُبَيشَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا كُنّا نَهَيناكُم عن لُحُومِها أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨١١) عن عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به. وابن حبان (٥٩٢٨) من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٧٣/ ٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٦٣)، وابن حبان (٥٩٢٩) من طريق أبي عاصم الضحاك بن مخلد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٦٩)، ومسلم (١٩٧٤/ ٣٤).","vol":"19","page":356},{"text":"تأكُلوها فوقَ ثَلاثٍ لِكَى يَسَعَكُم (^١)، جاءَ اللهُ بالسَّعَةِ؛ فكُلوا وادَّخِروا واتَّجِروا، ألا وإِنَّ هذه الأيّامَ أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ وذِكرِ اللهِ ﷿\" (^٢).\nقَولُه: \"اتَّجِروا\" أصلُه: ائْتَجِروا، واتَّجِروا على وزنِ افتَعِلوا، يُريدُ الصَّدَقَةَ التي يُبتَغَى أجرُها ولَيسَ مِن بابِ التِّجارَةِ.\n\n١٩٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِي، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن يَحيَي، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: الضَّحيَّةُ كُنّا نُمَلِّحُ مِنه ونَقْدَمُ به إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بالمَدينَةِ فقالَ: \"لا تأكُلوا مِنه إلَّا ثَلاثَةَ أيَّامٍ\". ولَيسَت بعَزيمَةٍ، ولَكِن أرادَ أن يُطعِموا (^٣) مِنه (^٤). واللهُ أعلَمُ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ واقِدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ أنَّه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن أكلِ لُحومِ الأضاحِىِّ بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ. قال عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) كتبها في الأصل بالتاء والياء.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨١٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجة (٣١٦٧)، والنسائي (٤٢٤٢) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٢٢)، ومسلم (١١٤١/ ١٤٤) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٣) في م: \"تطعموا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٨٨ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٥٧٠).","vol":"19","page":357},{"text":"ابنُ أبي بكرٍ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمرَةَ فقالَت: صَدَقَ، سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: دَفَّ ناسٌ (^١) مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ حَضرَةَ الأضحَى في زَمانِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ادَّخِروا الثَّلاثَ (^٢) وتَصَدَّقوا بما بَقِىَ\". قالَت: فلَمَّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَقَد كان النّاسُ يَنتَفِعونَ مِن ضَحاياهُم؛ يَجمُلونَ مِنها الوَدَكَ (^٣) ويَتَّخِذونَ مِنها الأسقيَةَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"وما ذاكَ؟ \". أو كما قال، قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَهَيتَ عن أكلِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما نَهَيتُكُم مِن أجلِ الدَّافَّةِ التي دَفَّت حَضرَةَ الأضحَي، فكُلوا وتَصَدَّقوا وادَّخِروا\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ رَوحٍ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عابِسٍ، أخبرَنِي أبي -عن عائشةَ -﵂- - قال: سأَلتُها: أكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) دف ناس: قدموا. النهاية ٢/ ١٢٤.\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"لثلاث\".\n(^٣) جَمَلت الشحم وأجملته: إذا أذبته واسخرجت دهنه. والودك: هو دسم اللحم ودهنه الذى يستخرج منه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٤٠٧، ومعالم السنن ٣/ ١٣٣، والنهاية ١/ ٢٩٨، ٥/ ١٦٩.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٦٨٢)، والشافعى في مسنده (٤٧٣)، وتقدم في (١٠٣٣٢).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٧١/ ٢٨).","vol":"19","page":358},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عابِسِ ابنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن أبيه عابِسِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ أنَّه قال: قيلَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: أنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن تُؤكَلَ لُحومُ الأضاحِىِّ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ؟ قالَت: ما نَهَى عنه إلَّا مَرَّة في عامٍ جاعَ النّاسُ مِنه (^١)، فأَرادَ أن يُطعِمَ الغَنِيُّ الفقيرَ، ولَقَد كُنّا نُخرِجُ الكُراعَ بَعدَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ فنأكُلُه. فقُلتُ: ولِمَ تَفعَلونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: فضَحِكَت وقالَت: ما شَبِعَ آلُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- مِن خُبزِ بُرٍّ مأدومٍ (^٢) ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ حَتَّى لَحِقَ باللهِ ﷿ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَمَّا رَوَت عائشَةُ -﵂- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عنه لِلدّافَّةِ ثُمَّ قال: \"كُلوا وتَصَدَّقوا وادَّخِروا\". ورَوَى جابِرٌ ما ذَكَرنا؛ كان يَجِبُ على مَن عَلِمَ الأمرَينِ مَعًا أن يَقولَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عنه لِمَعنًى، فإِذا كان مِثلُه فهو مَنهِىٌّ عنه، وإِذا لَم يَكُنْ مِثلُه لَم يَكُن مَنهيًّا عنه. أو يقولَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- في وقتٍ ثُمَّ أرخَصَ فيه بَعدَه، والآخِرُ مِن أمرِه ناسِخٌ لِلأوَّلِ. قال: وقالَ الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عن إمساكِ لُحومِ الضَّحايا بَعدَ ثَلاثٍ إذا كانَتِ الدّافَّةُ على مَعنَى الاختيارِ لا على مَعنَى\n_________\n(^١) في حاشة الأصل: \"فيه\".\n(^٢) مأدوم: مضاف إليه ما يؤتدم به، وهو ما يؤكل مع الخبز. فتح البارى ١/ ٧٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٦٦٨٧)، وابن ماجة (٣٣١٣) من طريق محمد بن يوسف به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٣٤٤٤).\n(^٤) البخاري عقب (٥٤٢٣).","vol":"19","page":359},{"text":"الفَرضِ؛ لِقَولِ اللهِ تَعالَى في البُدنِ: ﴿فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا﴾ [الحج: ٣٦] وهَذه الآيَةُ في البُدنِ التي يَتَطَوَّعُ بها أصحابُها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4047>بابُ إطعامِ البائسِ الفَقيِر، وإِطعامِ القانِعِ والمُعتَرِّ، وما جاءَ في تَفسيِرهِم</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ﴾ [الحج: ٢٨]. وقالَ: ﴿وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ﴾ [الحج: ٣٦]. قال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: القانِعُ هو السّائلُ، والمُعتَرُّ هو الزّائرُ والمارُّ بلا وقتٍ. وقالَ في مَوضِعِ آخَرَ: القانِعُ الفَقيرُ، والمُعتَرُّ الزّائرُ. وقيلَ: الَّذِى يَتَعرَّضُ العَطيَّةَ مِنها (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عَطاءٍ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ﴾ قال: الَّذِى يَسألُكَ.\n\n١٩٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن فُراتٍ القَزّازِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: القانِعُ السّائلُ. والمُعتَرُّ الَّذِى يَعتَريكَ يُريدُكَ ولا يَسألُكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة ٧/ ٢٣١، والأم ١/ ١٥٠، ١٥١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٠٦)، وأحكام القرآن ٤/ ٨٦، ٨٧.\n(^٣) تفسير الثورى ص ٢١٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٨، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٤٤٧، ٣٠٤٨٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٦ من طريق فرات القزاز به.","vol":"19","page":360},{"text":"١٩٢٥٢ - وبِإِسنادِه عن سُفيانَ عن مَنصورٍ عن إبراهيمَ ومُجاهِدٍ: القانِعُ الجالِسُ في بَيتِه، والمُعتَرُّ الَّذِى يَعتَريكَ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يونُسُ ومَنصورٌ، عن الحَسَنِ في قَولِه: ﴿الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ﴾ قال: القانِعُ الَّذِى يَقنَعُ لِلرَّجُلِ يَسألُه، والمُعتَرُّ الَّذِى يَتَعَرَّضُ ولا يَسأَلُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٥٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: أحَدُهُما المارُّ والآخَرُ السّائلُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٥٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجِيحِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: القانِعُ السّائلُ (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ ابنُ السَّقّاءِ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بُطَّةَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَكَريّا، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تفسير الثورى ص ٢١٤ بلفظ: القانع المتعفف الذي لا يسأل شيئًا، والمعتر الذى يتعرض الأحيان.\nومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٤.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (١٥٠٠ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨١٦) من طريق يونس وحده به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٦ من طريق يونس ومنصور به.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٥٠١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٧ من طريق هشيم به، وعندهما: الجار. بدل: المار.\n(^٤) سعيد بن منصور (١٥٠٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (١٥٨١٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"19","page":361},{"text":"مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ﴾ [الحج: ٢٨]. قال: البائسُ الَّذِى يَسألُ بيَدِه إذا سألَ.\nقال: والقانِعُ: الطّامِعُ الَّذِى يَطمَعُ في ذَبيحَتِكَ مِن جيرانِكَ. قال: المُعتَرُّ الَّذِى يَعتَرِيكَ بنَفسِه ولا يَسألُكَ، يَتَعَرَّضُ لَكَ (^١).\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ.\n\n١٩٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه الهَرَوِيُّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا قابوسُ بنُ أبي ظَبيانَ، أن أباه حَدَّثَه قال: قُلنا لابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: أرأَيتَ القانِعَ والمُعتَرَّ، ما القانِعُ والمُعتَرُّ؟ قال: أمّا القانِعُ فالقانِعُ بما أرسَلتَ إلَيه في بَيتِه، والمُعتَرُّ الَّذِى يَعتَرِيكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4048>بابٌ: لا يَبيعُ مِن أُضحيَّتِه شَيئًا، ولا يُعطِى أجرَ الجازِرِ مِنها</span>\n\n١٩٢٥٨ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِي، أخبرَنا بِشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ موسَي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيَّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَي، عن عليٍّ قال: أمَرَنِي\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ٢/ ٣٨، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٥٦٤ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":362},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن أقومَ على بُدْنِه، وأَن أقسِمَ جُلودَها وجِلالَها، وأَمَرَنِى ألَّا أُعطِىَ الجازِرَ مِنها شَيئًا، وقالَ: \"نَحنُ نُعطِيه مِنْ عِندِنا\". وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي خَيثَمَةَ: وأَن أتَصدَّقَ بلَحمِها وجُلودِها وأَجِلَّتِها، وألَّا أُعطىَ أجرَ الجازِرِ مِنها، قال: \"نَحنُ نُعطِيه مِنْ عِندِنا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وعن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، وأَخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو [محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ] (^٣) محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَيّاشِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن باعَ جِلدَ أُضحيَّتِه فلا أُضحيَّةَ له\" (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4049>بابُ الاشتراكِ في الهَدىِ والأُضحيَّةِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (١٣٧٥٠). وأخرجه أبو داود (١٧٦٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٤١٥٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وتقدم في (١٠٣٣٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٧/ ٣٤٨، ...)، والبخارى (١٧١٧).\n(^٣) في س: \"عبد الله\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٩١ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به، وصححه. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٨١: عبد الله بن عياش ضُعف، وقد خرج له مسلم.","vol":"19","page":363},{"text":"أبي حامِدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيِّ -﵁- قال: نَحَرْنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بالحُدَيبيَةِ البَدَنَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَقَرَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وقُتَيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁- قال. خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُهِلِّينَ بالحَجِّ، فأَمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن نَشتَرِكَ في الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ كُلُّ سَبعَةٍ مِنَّا في بَدَنَةٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ هو الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، حدثنا مُسدِّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَي، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ -﵁- يقولُ: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ فاشتَرَكنا في الجَزورِ سَبعَةً. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٨٧٧، ١٠١٧١، ١٠٢٨٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٠٩)، وتقدم في (١٠٢٨٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢١٣/ ١٣٨).","vol":"19","page":364},{"text":"البَقَرَةُ يُشتَرَكُ فيها؟ قال: ما هِيَ إلَّا مِنَ البُدْنِ. وحَضَرَ جابِرٌ الحُدَيبيَةَ فقالُ: اشتَرَكنا كُلُّ سَبعَةٍ في بَدَنَةٍ، فنَحَرنا يَومَئذٍ سبعينَ بَدَنَةً (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\"عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاق بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ ينُ سلمةَ، أخبرَنا قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"البَقرَة عن سَبعَةٍ، والبَدَنَةُ عن سَبعَةٍ\" (^٣).\nوإِجماعُ هَؤُلاءِ الأئمَّةِ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، ثُمَّ رِوايَةُ عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ، على أن البَدَنَةَ عن سَبعَةٍ، أولَى مِن رِوايَةِ الثَّورِىِّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ في البَدَنَةِ عن عَشرَةٍ (^٤). ورُوِّينا عن عليٍّ وحُذَيفَةَ وأَبِى مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ وعائشَةَ أنَّهُم قالوا: البَقَرَة عن سَبعَةٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4050>بابُ الأُضحيَّةِ في السَّفَرِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٩٠٠) من طريق يحيى به. وأبو عوانة (٣٢٦٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٥٩٩) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣١٨/ ٣٥٣).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"رواية عطاء عن جابر على أنَّ البدنة عن سبعة\". والحديث تقدم في (١٠٢٩٠).\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٠٢٩٧).\n(^٥) ينظر سنن الترمذي (١٥٠٣)، وشرح معانى الآثار ٤/ ١٧٥، ١٧٨، ومعرفة السنن للمصنف ٧/ ٢٣٤.","vol":"19","page":365},{"text":"أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رافِعٍ قالا: حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو الزَّاهِريَّةِ حُدَيرُ بنُ كُرَيبٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرِ بنِ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن ثَوبانَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ذَبَحَ أُضحيَّتَه في السَّفَرِ ثُمَّ قال: \"يا ثَوبانُ أصلِحْ لَحمَها\". فلَم أزَلْ أُصلِحُه حَتَّى قَدِمْنا المَدينَةَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ [ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رافِعٍ] (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4051>بابُ مَن قال: الأضحَى جائزٌ يَومَ النَّحرِ وأَيَّامَ مِنًى كُلَّها؛ لأنَّها أيَّامُ النُّسُكِ</span>\n\n١٩٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ أحمدَ الحافظُ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا أبو المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَي، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ عَرَفاتٍ مَوقِفٌ، وارفَعوا عن عُرَينياتِ (^٣)، وكُلُّ مُزدَلِفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وارفَعوا عن مُحَسِّرٍ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ أيَّامِ التَشريقِ ذَبحٌ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٦٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه. هذا هو الصَّحيحُ، وهو\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٩٢٣٧).\n(^٢) ليس في: س. والحديث عند مسلم (١٩٧٥/ ...).\n(^٣) في م: \"عرنات\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٣٢١).","vol":"19","page":366},{"text":"مُرسَلٌ. وقَد رُوِىَ كَما:\n\n١٩٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الصوفىُّ، حدثنا أبو نَصرٍ التَّمّارُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَرَفاتٌ مَوقِفٌ، وارفَعوا عن عُرَنَةَ، وكُلُّ مُزدَلِفَةَ مَوقِفٌ، وارفَعوا عن مُحَسِّرٍ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مِنًى مَنحَرٌ، وفِي كُلِّ أيَّامِ التَّشريقِ ذَبحٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٢٦٨ - ورَواه سوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ -وهو ضَعيفٌ عِندَ بَعضِ أهلِ النَّقل (^٢) - عن سعدٍ كما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صاعِدٍ. وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا سوَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ التَّنوخِيِّ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ كُلُّها ذُبحٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٦٩ - ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ كما أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٦٩٠)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١١٨. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٣٨٥٤) عن أحمد بن الحسن بن عبد الجبار الصوفى به. والبزار (٣٤٤٤) من طريق أبي نصر التمار به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١١٣٢).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٤. وتقدم في (١٠٣٢٢).","vol":"19","page":367},{"text":"الحارِثِ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى الخَشّابُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعَيدٍ (^١)، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، أن عمرَو بنَ دينارٍ حَدَّثَه، عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ ذَبحٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٧٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، أن نافِعَ بنَ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ -﵁- أخبَرَه، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحاب النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قَد سَمّاه نافِعٌ فنَسِيتُه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال لِرَجُلٍ مِن غِفارٍ: \"قُمْ فأَذِّنْ أنَّه لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ، وأَنَّها أيّامُ أكلٍ وشُربٍ\". أيَّامَ مِنًى. زادَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى: \"وذَبحٍ\" (^٣). يقولُ: أيّامُ ذَبحٍ. ابنُ جُرَيجٍ يَقولُه.\n\n١٩٢٧١ - ورَواه مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى الصَّدَفِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ؛ مَرَّةً عن أبي سعيدٍ، ومَرَّة عن أبي هريرةَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"أيّامُ التَّشريقِ كُلُّها ذَبحٌ\". أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَلمٍ (^٤)، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"معبد\". وتقدم عقب (١٠٣٢٢).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٨٤. وأشار إليه المصنف عقب (١٠٣٢٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المعانى ٢/ ٢٤٥ من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وأحمد (١٤٢٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٢٨٩٥) من طريق عمرو بن دينار به.\n(^٤) في الأصل، م: \"مسلم\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"بخط الحافظ: صوابه سلم. وهو في خ ر: سلم\".\nوينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٣٠٦.","vol":"19","page":368},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: عن أبي سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن الصَّدَفِىِّ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: عن أبي هريرةَ. قال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا سَواءٌ قال عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، وسَواءٌ قال: عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي سعيدٍ، جَميعًا غَيرُ مَحفوظَينِ، لا يَرويهِما غَيرُ الصَّدَفِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والصَّدَفِيُّ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عمرٍو الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-. قال: الأضحَى ثَلاثَةُ أيَّامٍ بَعدَ يَومِ النَّحرِ.\n\n١٩٢٧٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن مَطَرٍ، أن الحَسَنَ وعَطاءً قالا: يُضحِّى إلَى آخِرِ أيّامِ التَّشريقِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٢٧٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: الأضحَى ثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ بَعدَ يَومِ النَّحرِ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٣٩٦. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في العلل (٨٥٢، ١٥٩٤) من طريق محمد بن شعيب به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٩٦.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٦٢).\n(^٤) جاء بعده في م الأثر بعد التالى مكررا.","vol":"19","page":369},{"text":"١٩٢٧٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ هو الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ قال: ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: يَذبَحُ في أيّامِ مِنًى كُلَّها وفِي يَومِ النَّفرِ الآخِرِ.\n\n١٩٢٧٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هَيثَمُ بنُ خارِجَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: الأضحَى يَومُ النَّحرِ وثَلاثَةُ أيّامٍ بَعدَه (^١).\n\n١٩٢٧٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن النُّعمانِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى أنَّه قال: النَّحرُ أربَعَةُ (^٢) أيّامٍ. فقالَ مَكحولٌ: صَدَقَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4052>بابُ مَن قال: الأضحَى يَومَ النَّحرِ ويَومَيِن بَعدَهُ</span>\n\n١٩٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنا شُعَيبٌ قال: قال نافِعٌ: سأَلَ أبو سلمةَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- بَعدَ النَّحرِ بيَومٍ فقالَ: إنِّى بَدا لِى أن أُضَحِّىَ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: مَن شاءَ فليُضَحِّ اليَومَ ثُمَّ غَدًا إن شاءَ اللهُ.\n\n١٩٢٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمُ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٥٩٤ من طريق هيثم بن خارجة به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ثلاثة\".","vol":"19","page":370},{"text":"الأضحَى يَومانِ بَعدَ يَومِ الأضحَى (^١).\n\n١٩٢٨١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه، أن علىَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ كان يقولُ: الأضحَى يَومانِ بَعدَ يَومِ الأضحَى (^١).\n\n١٩٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: الذَّبحُ بَعدَ النَّحرِ يَومانِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4053>بابُ مَن قال: الضَّحايا إلَى آخِرِ الشَّهرِ لمن أراد أن يَستأنِىَ (^٣) ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٩٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ صَخرٍ، حدثنا حَبّانُ بنُ هِلالٍ، حدثنا أبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ يَسارٍ، أنَّه بَلَغَهُما أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الضَّحايا إلَى آخِرِ الشَّهرِ لمن أرادَ أن يَستأنِىَ ذَلِكَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الأصبَهانِيِّ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي حامِدٍ، أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الضَّحايا إلَى هِلالِ المُحَرَّمِ لمن أرادَ أن يَستأنِىَ ذَلِكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن بشران في أماليه (٤٣٤)، والدقاق في مجلس في رؤية الله (٤٣٤) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) يستأنى: ينتظر. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٧٨.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٧٥.","vol":"19","page":371},{"text":"رَواه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبانٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أُمامَةَ ابنَ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ يقولُ: إنْ كان المُسلِمونَ يَشتَرِى أحَدُهُمُ الأُضحيَّةَ فيُسَمِّنُها فيَذبَحُها بَعدَ الأضحَى آخِرَ ذِى الحِجَّةِ (^٢).\nحَديثُ أبي سلمةَ وسُلَيمانَ مُرسَلٌ، وحَديثُ أبي أُمامَةَ حِكايَةً عَمَّن لَم يُسَمَّ. وقَد قال أبو إسحاقَ المَروَزِيُّ ﵀ في \"الشرح\" (^٣): رُوِىَ في بَعضِ الأخبارِ: \"الأُضحيَّةُ إلَى رأسِ المُحَرَّمِ\". فإِن صَحَّ ذَلِكَ فالأمرُ يَتَّسِعُ فيه إلَى غُرَّةِ المُحَرَّمِ. وإِن لَم يَصِحَّ فالخَبَرُ الصَّحيحُ: \"أيَّامُ مِنًى أيّامُ نَحرٍ\". وعَلَى هذا بَنَى الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: في كِلاهُما (^٤) نَظَرٌ؛ هذا لإِرسالِه، وما مَضَى لاختِلافِ الرّواةَ فيه على سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، وحَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى أَولاهُما أن يُقالَ به، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٧٧).\n(^٢) عزاه في فتح البارى ١٠/ ١٠ لأبو نعيم في مستخرجه، وتغليق التعليق ٥/ ٦ من طريق عباد بن العوام به.\n(^٣) هو إبراهيم بن أحمد أبو إسحاق المروزي، شيخ المذهب، المتفق على عدالته وتوثيقه في روايته ودرايته. شرح المختصر، وصنف الأصول. توفى سنة (٤٣٠ هـ). ينظر طبقات الفقهاء للشيرازى ص ١١٢، وتهذيب الأسماء واللغات (الجزء الثانى من القسم الأول) ص ١٧٥.\n(^٤) كذا في النسخ، وفوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وتحتها: \"صح\".","vol":"19","page":372},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4054>جماعُ أبوابِ العَقيقَةِ\nبابٌ: العَقيقَةُ سُنَّةٌ</span>\n\n١٩٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن رَجُلٍ يُقالُ له: سَلمانُ. رَفَعَه قال: \"مَعَ الغُلامِ عَقيقَةٌ، فأَهْريقوا عنه الدَّمَ، وأَميطوا عنه الأذَى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ ولَم يَقُلْ: رَفَعَه. قال: وقالَ حَجّاجٌ: حدثنا حَمّادٌ يَعنِي ابنَ سلَمةَ أخبرَنا أيّوبُ وقَتادَةُ وهِشامٌ وحَبيبٌ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن سَلمانَ -﵁- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلَمةَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ وقَتادَةُ وحَبيبٌ، عن محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ عمرٍو العُكبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن يونُسَ وأَيّوبَ وهِشامٍ وحَبيبٍ وقَتادَةَ في آخَرينَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ الضَّبِّىِّ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"في الغُلامِ عَقيقَتُه فأَهْرِيقوا عنه دَمًا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٣٨)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٢٨١٦) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٧١).","vol":"19","page":373},{"text":"وأَميطوا عنه الأذَى\" (^١)\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: وقَد روِىَ عن الثَّورِيِّ عن أيُّوبَ كَذَلِكَ مُجَوَّدًا.\n\n١٩٢٨٧ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ الضَّبِّىِّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"عن الغُلامِ عَقيقَتُه، فأَهْرِيقوا عنه دَمًا، وأَميطوا عنه الأذَى\". واستَشهَدَ البخاريُّ أيضًا برِوايَةِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن أيّوبَ كَذَلِكَ مُجَوَّدًا، قال البخاريُّ: ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ عن سَلمانَ قَولَه (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٨٨ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: قال سَلمانُ: العَقيقَةُ مَعَ الوَلَدِ فأَهْرِيقوا عنه الدَّمَ، وأَميطوا عنه الأذَى. قال محمدٌ: حَرَصتُ على أن أعلَمَ ما: أميطوا عنه الأذَى. فلَم أجِدْ مَن يُخبِرُنِى (^٣).\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: قَد رَوَى هِشامٌ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أنَّه كان يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٢٢٥)، والطبرانى (٦٢٠١، ٦٢٠٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٥٤٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٥٠) من طريق يزيد به مرفوعًا. وأشار ابن حجر في الفتح ٩/ ٥٩١، وفي تغليق التعليق ٤/ ٤٩٨ إلى أن رواية الطحاوى موقوفة.","vol":"19","page":374},{"text":"إماطَةُ الأذَى حَلقُ الرأسِ.\n\n١٩٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَي، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). قال البخارىُّ: وقالَ غَيرُ واحِدٍ: عن عاصِمٍ وهِشامٍ عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ عن الرَّبابِ عن سَلمانَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ سيرينَ، عن الرَّبابِ، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَعَ الغُلامِ عَقيقَتُه، فأَهريقوا عنه دَمًا، وأَميطوا عنه الأذَى\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ غُلامٍ رَهينَةٌ بعَقيقَتِه، تُذبَحُ عنه يَومَ سابِعِه ويُحلَقُ رأسُه ويُسَمَّى\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٤٠). وقال الألباني: صحيح مقطوع. صحيح سنن أبي داود (٢٤٦٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٤٧٢).\n(^٣) المصنف (١٨١٢)، وعبد الرزاق (٧٩٥٨)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٨٣٩)، والترمذي (١٥١٥)، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وأخرجه البخاري (٥٤٧٢) من طريق هشام بن حسان معلقًا. وأحمد (١٧٨٨٠) من طريق حفصة بنت سيرين به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٨٣، ٢٠١٣٩)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٨)، =","vol":"19","page":375},{"text":"١٩٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ كامِلٍ القاضِى أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ أنَسٍ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ الشَّهيدِ قال: قال لى محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ: سَلِ الحَسَنَ ممَّن سَمِعَ حَديثَ العَقيقَةِ. فسأَلتُه فقالَ: مِن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي الأسوَدِ عن قُرَيشٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ أحمدَ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ شُرَحبيلَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ: ما \"مُرتَهَنٌ بعَقيقَتِه\"؟ قال: يُحرَمُ شَفاعَةَ ولَدِهِ.\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: روِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه عَقَّ عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ، وحَلَقَ شُعورَهُما، وتَصَدَّقَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂- بزِنَتِه فِضَّةً (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٩٤ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n= والترمذي عقب (١٥٢٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٣١)، وابن ماجة (٣١٦٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣١٧).\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في تاريخه ٢/ ٢٩٠، والترمذي عقب (١٨٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٣٢) من طريق قريش بن أنس به.\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٥٤٧٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٦٩٥).","vol":"19","page":376},{"text":"الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو المِنقَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَقَّ عن الحَسَنِ كَبشًا وعن الحُسَينِ كَبشًا (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن أبي مَعمَرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ ابنُ عَبدانَ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عَقَّ عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ كَبشَينِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ علىّ بنِ حُسَينٍ أنَّه قال: وزَنَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَعَرَ حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ فتَصَدَّقَت بزِنَةِ ذَلِكَ فِضَّةً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه إبن الجارود في المنتقى (٩١٢)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٣٩)، والطبرانى (٢٥٦٧، ١١٨٥٦) من طريق أبي معمر به. والنسائي (٤٢٣٠) من طريق عكرمة به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٨٨: إسناده قوى. وسيأتي في (١٩٣١٠).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٤١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (٧٢٥٢)، وأبو يعلى (٢٩٤٥)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٣٠٩) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٠١، ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٨٠).","vol":"19","page":377},{"text":"١٩٢٩٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّه عُقَّ عن حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ ابنِى علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِب -﵃- (^١).\n\n١٩٢٩٨ - وقيلَ: عن رَبيعَةَ عن أنَسٍ، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو عثمانَ ابنُ عَبدانَ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ لَهيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ برأْسِ الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ ابنَى علىِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ -﵃- يَومَ سابِعِهِما فحُلِقا. ثُمَّ تُصُدِّقَ بوَزنِه فِضَّة، ولَم يَجِدْ أو يُجَدِّدْ (^٢) ذَبحًا (^٣).\n\n١٩٢٩٩ - وقيلَ: عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ. أنبأَنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٠١ بلاغًا من غير ذكر يحيى بن سعيد.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يجد \"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"كذا فيهما بالجيم وينبغى أن يكونا بالحاء والله أعلم\". اهـ. وقد جاء في المهذب ٨/ ٣٨٨٦ في الموضعين بالحاء.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٢٥٧٥)، وفي الأوسط (١٢٧) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وعنده: يجد. بالجيم ولم يذكر: أو يجدد.","vol":"19","page":378},{"text":"عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ (^١) الحارِثِ بنِ مِسكينٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو يَعنِي اليافِعِيَّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: عَقَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ يَومَ السّابعِ وسَمّاهُما، وأَمَرَ أن يُماطَ عن رأسِهِما الأذَى (^٢). قال أبو أحمدَ: لا أعلمُ يَرويه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ بهَذا الإِسنادِ غَيرُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو اليافِعِىِّ وعَبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبي رَوَّادٍ.\n\n١٩٣٠٠ - قال الفَقيهُ ﵀: ورَوَى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ في عَقيقَةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- عن نَفسِه حَديثًا مُنكَرًا. أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ الأَبِيوَردِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَرَّرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عَقَّ عن نَفسِه بَعدَ النُّبوَّةِ (^٣). قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: إنَّما تَرَكوا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مُحَرَّرٍ لِحالِ هذا الحديثِ.\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن قَتادَةَ، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أنَسٍ، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\n_________\n(^١) كذا في النسخ وضبب عليها في: الأصل، وفى الحاشية: \"الظاهر أنه أحمد عن الحارث\". وعند ابن عدى: أحمد بن الحارث أخبرنا أبي. وهو الصواب لأن الحارث بن مسكين هو الذي يروى عن ابن وهب. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٨١ ترجمة الحارث بن مسكين.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٧ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٣١. وأخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٥١)، وابن حبان (٥٣١١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٩٦٠). وأخرجه البزار (٧٢٨١) من طريق عبد الله بن محرر به.","vol":"19","page":379},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4055>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن العَقيقَةَ على الاختيارِ لا على الوُجوبِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قالَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن داودَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيب، عن أبيه، أُراه عن جَدِّه قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عن العَقيقَةِ فقالَ: \"لا يُحِبُّ اللهُ العُقوقَ\". كأنَّه كَرِهَ الاسمَ، وقالَ: \"مَن وُلِدَ له ولَدٌ فأَحَبَّ أن يَنسُكَ عنه فليَنسُكْ؛ عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافَأَتانِ (^١)، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى ضَمرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن العَقيقَةِ فقالَ: \"لا أُحِبُّ العُقوقَ\". وكأنَّه إنَّما كَرِهَ الاسمَ، وقالَ: \"مَن وُلِدَ له ولَدٌ فأَحَبَّ أن يَنسُكَ عن ولَدِه فليَفعَلْ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) قال الزمخشرى: أى كل واحدة منهما مساوية لصاحبتها في السن، ولا فرق بين المكافِئتين والمكافأتين؛ لأن كل واحدة منهما إذا كافأت أخت فقد كُوفئت، فهى مكافئة ومكافأة ... ويحتمل في رواية من روى: مكافأتان. أن يراد: مذبوحتان ... الفائق ٣/ ٢٦٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٤٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٩٦١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٠٨)، وأحمد (٦٧١٣، ٦٨٢٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٢٣) من طريق داود بن قيس به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦٧).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٦ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٠٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣١٣٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٠٣)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد=","vol":"19","page":380},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا إذا انضَمَّ إلَى الأوَّلِ قَوِيا، وقَد عَلَّقَ فيهِما ذَلِكَ بمَحَبَّتِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4056>بابُ ما يُعَقُّ عن الغُلامِ، وما يُعَقُّ عن الجاريَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن سِباعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ الخُزاعيَّةِ، وهِيَ الكَعبيَّةُ -﵂- قالَت: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ في العَقيقَةِ: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافَأتانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ، لا يَضُرُّكُم ذُكرانًا كُنَّ أم إناثًا\" (^١). كَذا قالَه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن أبيه، وذِكرُ أبيه فيه وهْمٌ.\n\n١٩٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ، عن سِباعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ ﵌: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مِثلانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\". قال أبو داودَ: هذا هو الحديثُ، وحَديثُ سُفيانَ وهْمٌ (^٢).\nقال الفَقيهُ العالِمُ ﵀: ورَواه المُزَنِيُّ في \"المختصر\" عن الشّافِعِىِّ عن\n_________\n= والمثانى (٩٨٠) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٣٩)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٥)، والنسائي (٤٢٢٨)، وابن ماجة (٣١٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وسيأتي في (١٩٣٦٣).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٤٣)، والدارمى (٢٠١١)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٤٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦١).","vol":"19","page":381},{"text":"سُفيانَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ عن سِباعِ بنِ وهبٍ عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ (^١). والمُزَنِيُّ واهِمٌ فيه في مَوضِعَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما، أن سائرَ الرَّواةِ رَوَوه عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ عن أبيه عن سِباعٍ، والآخَرُ، أنَّهُم قالوا فيه: سِباعُ بنُ ثابِتٍ. وقَد رَواه الطَّحاوِيُّ عن المُزَنِىِّ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" في أحَدِ المَوضِعَينِ على الصَّوابِ كما رَواه سائرُ النّاسِ، عن سُفيانَ (^٢)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nورَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ عن سِباعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن محمدَ بنَ ثابِتِ بنِ سِباع أخبَرَه، أن أُمّ كُرزٍ أخبَرَته (^٣).\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ.\n\n١٩٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن حبَيبَةَ بنتِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ -﵂- أنَّها سَمِعتِ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافَأَتانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٩١). وهو في مختصر المزنى ص ٢٨٥، وفيه: قال الشافعى: أخبرنا إسماعيل بن إبراهيم عن عبيد الله بن أبي يزيد.\n(^٢) السنن المأثورة (٥٤٦) بالإسناد على الصواب.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣٧٣)، والترمذي (١٥١٦)، والطبرانى ٢٥/ ١٦٦ (٤٠٥) من طريق ابن جريجٍ به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٠٥)، وأحمد (٢٧١٤٢)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٤)، والنسائي (٤٢٢٧) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"19","page":382},{"text":"١٩٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي عَطاءٌ بهَذا الحديثِ، قُلتُ يَعنِي لِعَطاءٍ: وما المُكافَأَتانِ؟ قال: المِثلانِ. والضّأنُ أحَبُّ إلَيه مِنَ المَعْزِ، وذُكرانُها أحَبُّ إلَيه مِن إناثِها، رأيٌ مِنه (^١). قال إنسانٌ لِعَطاءٍ: أرأَيتَ إن ذَبَحتُ مَكانَها جَزورًا؟ قال: ابدأْ بالَّذِى سَمَّي، ثُمَّ اذبَحْ بَعدُ ما شِئتَ. قُلتُ له: والسُّنَّةُ؟ قال: والسُّنَّةُ.\n\n١٩٣٠٧ - حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى ﵀، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَي، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ وردٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبي مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: نُفِسَ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ غُلامٌ، فقيلَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ عُقِّى عَلَيه -أو قال: عنه- جَزورًا. فقالَت: مَعاذَ اللهِ! ولَكِن ما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"شاتانِ مُكافَأتانِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ أبو إسماعيلَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٩٥٣)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٣٧٢)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٣). وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٠٠٩)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣٢٨٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٤٢)، والدارقطنى في العلل ١٥/ ٤٠٧ من طريق عبد الجبار بن ورد به.","vol":"19","page":383},{"text":"يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ قال: دَخَلنا على حَفصَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فأَخبَرَتنا أن عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَتها، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافَأتانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٣٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، أخبرَنا الضَّحَّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ سالِمُ بنُ تَميمٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اليَهودَ تَعُقُّ عن الغُلامِ ولا تَعُقُّ عن الجاريَةِ، فعُقوا عن الغُلامِ شاتَينِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةً\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4057>بابُ مَنِ اقتَصَرَ في عَقيقَةِ الغُلامِ على شاةٍ واحِدَةٍ</span>\n\n١٩٣١٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو الهُذَلِيُّ المُقعَدُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، أخبرَنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَقَّ عن الحَسَنِ كَبشًا، وعن الحُسَينِ كَبشًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٤٠٢٨). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥١٣)، وابن حبان (٥٣١٠) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٢٤). وأخرجه البزار (٨٨٥٧) من طريق أبي حفص به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٩٢٩٤).","vol":"19","page":384},{"text":"١٩٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه لَم يكُنْ يَسألُه أحَدٌ مِن ولَدِه عَقيقَةً إلَّا أعطاه إيّاها، وكانَ يَعُقُّ عن أولادِه شاةً شاةً عن الذَّكرِ والأُنثَى (^١).\n\n١٩٣١٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أن أباه عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يَعُقُّ عن بَنيه الذُّكورِ والإِناثِ بشاةٍ شاةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4058>بابُ مَن قال. لا تُكسَرُ عِظامُ العَقيقَةِ، ويأكُلُ أهلُها مِنها، ويَتَصَدَّقونَ ويُهدونَ</span>\n\n١٩٣١٣ - رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\"، عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ، عن حَفصٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال في العَقيقَةِ التي عَقَّتها فاطِمَةُ عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ ﵈: \"أن يَبْعَثوا (^٣) إلَى القابِلَةِ مِنها برِجلٍ، وكُلوا وأَطعِموا، ولا تَكسِروا مِنها عَظمًا\". أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ الدّاوُدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٧ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٠١. وأخرجه محمد الرزاق (٧٩٦٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦١٢) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٠١. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦١٤) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٣) في الأصل: \"تبعثوا\". وضبب عليها.\n(^٤) المراسيل (٣٧٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٢٦) من طريق حفص بن غياث به. وسيأتي عقب (١٩٣٢٥).","vol":"19","page":385},{"text":"١٩٣١٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن عامِرٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أُمِّ كُرزٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافأتانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\". قال: وكانَ عَطاءٌ يقولُ: تُقَطَّعُ جُدُولًا (^١) ولا يُكسَرُ لَها عَظمٌ. أظُنُّه قال: وتُطبَخُ. قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: إذا ذَبَحتَ فقُلْ: باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، هذه عَقيقَةُ فُلانٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال في العَقيقَةِ: تُقَطَعُ آرابًا آرابًا وتُطبَخُ بماءٍ ومِلحٍ، ويُهدِى في الجيرانِ.\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ مِن قَولِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4059>بابٌ: لا يُمَسُّ الصَّبِىُّ بشَئٍ مِن دَمِها</span>\n\n١٩٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى بُرَيدَةَ يقولُ: كُنّا في الجاهِليَّةِ إذا وُلِدَ لأحَدِنا غُلامٌ ذَبَحَ شاةً ولَطَخَ رأسَه بدَمِها، فلَقا جاءَ اللهُ بالإِسلامِ كُنَّا نَذبَحُ شاةً ونَحلِقُ رأسَه ونَلطَخُه بزَعفَرانٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِي حَديثِ أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيِّ عن\n_________\n(^١) الجدول: الأعضاء التامة، قال المبرد: الجدل: العظم يفصل بما عليه من اللحم. الفائق ١/ ١٩٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٤٣). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (١٠٣٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٨ من طريق الحسين بن واقد به. وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦٩): حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":386},{"text":"أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"في الإبِلِ فَرَعٌ (^١)، وفِي الغَنَمِ فَرَعٌ، ويُعَقُّ عن الغُلامِ، ولا يُمَسُّ رأسُه بدَمٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو حُمَةَ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، أخبرَنا أبو قُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ حَديثًا ذَكَرَه، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رُستَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - في حَديثِ العَقيقَةِ قالَت: وكانَ أهلُ الجاهِليَةِ يَجعَلونَ قُطنَةً في دَمِ العَقيقَةِ ويَجعَلونَه على رأسِ الصَّبِيِّ، فأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُجعَلَ مَكانَ الدَّمِ خَلوقًا (^٣).\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: وقَولُه في حَديثِ سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ: \"أميطوا عنه الأذَى\" (^٤). يَحتَملُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به حَلقَ الرأسِ والنَّهىَ عن أن يُمَسَّ رأسُه بدَمِها.\n_________\n(^١) الفرع: أول ما تلده الناقة. النهاية ٣/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٦٦)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١١٠٨)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (١٠٥٢)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣٣٣) من طريق أيوب بن موسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٥٢١)، والدارقطني في العلل ١٥/ ٤٠٨ من طريق عبد المجيد به. وسيأتي في (١٩١٩٩).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٩٢٨٧).","vol":"19","page":387},{"text":"١٩٣١٧ - وأَمَّا الحديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزَّازُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَبَلَةَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ صاحِبُ الحَوضِ، حدثنا هَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كُلُّ غُلامٍ رَهينَةٌ بعَقيقَتِه، يُذبَحُ عنه يَومَ السّابعِ ويُحلَقُ رأسُه ويُدَمَّى\". زادَ الحَوضِيُّ في رِوايَتِه قال: وكانَ قَتادَةُ إذا سُئلَ عن الدَّمِ كَيفَ يُصنَعُ به قال: إذا ذُبِحَتِ العَقيقَةُ أُخِذَت صوفَةٌ مِنها فاستُقبِلَ بها أوداجُها، ثُمَّ توضَعُ على يافوخِ الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى تَسيلَ مِثلَ الخَيطِ، ثُمَّ يُغسَلُ رأسُه ويُحلَقُ بَعدُ (^١). فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ قال: قال أبو داودَ: هذا وهْمٌ مِن هَمَّامٍ: \"يُدَمَّى\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن سعيدٍ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: \"يَومَ سابِعِه ويُحلَقُ ويُسَمَّى\". قال أبو داودَ: \"ويُسَمَّى\". أصَحُّ، كَذا قال سَلَّامُ بنُ أبى مُطيعٍ، يَعنِى عن قَتادَةَ، وإياسُ بنُ دَغفَلٍ وأَشعَثُ عن الحَسَنِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٠١٢) من طريق عفان به. والطبراني (٦٨٢٨) من طريق حفص به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٨٣) من طريق همام به. وتقدم في (١٩٢٩١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٨٣٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٩٥)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٨).","vol":"19","page":388},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4060>بابُ ما جاءَ في وقتِ العَقيقَةِ وحَلقِ الرأسِ والتَّسميَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن حَفصَةَ، عن الرَّبابِ، عن سَلمانَ بنِ عامِرٍ رَفَعَه قال: \"الغُلامُ مُرتَهَنٌ بعَقيقَتِه؛ يُماطُ عنه الأذَى، ويُراقُ عنه الدَّمُ في اليَومِ السَّابِعِ\" (^١). وقَد مَضَى في هذا حَديثُ ابنِ أبي عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العَقيقَةُ تُذبَحُ لِسَبعٍ ولأربَعَ عَشرَةَ ولإحدَى وعِشرينَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو حُمَةَ محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو قُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ حَديثًا ذَكَرَه، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ رُستَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَكّارٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٩٢٩٠).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٩٢٩١).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٤٨٨٢)، والصغير (٧٢٣) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن عطاء به.","vol":"19","page":389},{"text":"عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"يُعَقُّ عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ مُكافَأتَانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ\". قالَت: وعَقَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الحَسَنِ والحُسَينِ شاتَينِ يَومَ السَّابِعِ وأَمَرَ أن يُماطَ عن رأسِه الأذَى. وقالَ: \"اذبَحوا على اسمِه وقولوا: باسمِ اللهِ واللهُ أكبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ وإِليكَ، هذه عَقيقَةُ فُلانٍ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عبدِ المَجيدِ، وفِي رِوايَةِ أبى قُرَّةَ: عن الحَسَنِ شاتَينِ، وعن حُسَينٍ شاتَينِ، ذَبَحَهُما يَومَ السَّابعِ وسَمّاهُما.\n\n١٩٣٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن أبيه (^٢)، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه سَمَّى الحَسَنَ يَومَ سابِعِه، وأَنَّه اشتَقَّ مِن حَسَنٍ حُسَينًا، وذَكَرَ أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ بَينَهُما إلَّا الحَملُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4061>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّصَدُّقِ بزِنَةِ شَعَرِه فِضَّةً، وما تُعطَى القابِلَةُ</span>\n\n١٩٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: وزَنَت فاطِمَةُ بنتُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - شَعَرَ حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ وزَينَبَ وأُمِّ كُلثومٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم (١٩٣١٦).\n(^٢) ضبب عليهما في: الأصل، وكذا ضبب عليها الذهبي في المهذب ٨/ ٣٨٩٠ علامة على الانقطاع.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٩٧٩)، ومن طريقه الحاكم ٣/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣.","vol":"19","page":390},{"text":"فتَصَدَّقَت بزِنَةِ ذَلِكَ فِضَّةً (^١).\nورُوِّيناه عن رَبيعَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ في حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ ﵉ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ذَبَحَت عن حَسَنٍ وحُسَينٍ حينَ ولَدَتهُما شاةً، وحَلَقَت شُعورَهُما ثُمَّ تَصَدَّقَت بوَزنِه فِضَّةً.\n\n١٩٣٢٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو [عبدِ اللهِ] (^٢) الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَخزومِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ فاطِمَةَ فقالَ: \"زِنِى شَعَرَ الحُسَينِ وتَصَدَّقِى بوَزنِه فِضَّةً، وأَعطِى القابِلَةَ رِجلَ العَقيقَةِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٩٢٩٦).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"على\"، وضبب عليه في الأصل، وفى الحاشية: \"كذا في ص مضبب عليه، وفى خ ر: أبو عبد الله الحافظ\".\n(^٣) فوقها في الأصل: \"خ ر\". وفى الحاشية: \"في ص: الجمحي، وضبب عليه، وفى الحاشية بخط الحافظ على نسخته: صوابه الجمحى والله أعلم\". اهـ. وهو المخزومى كما في ترجمته في تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٥٢٦.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٣/ ١٧٩، وقال: صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه. وتعقبه الذهبي فقال: لا.","vol":"19","page":391},{"text":"كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ. ورَوَى الحُمَيدِيُّ عن الحُسَينِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه، أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ - ﵁ - أعطَى القابِلَةَ رِجلَ العَقيقَةِ.\nورَواه حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا في أن يَبعَثوا إلَى القابِلَةِ مِنها برِجلٍ (^١). وفِي رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - قال: عَقَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الحَسَنِ بشاةٍ وقالَ: \"يا فاطِمَةُ احلِقِى رأسَه وتَصَدَّقِى بزِنَةِ شَعَرِه فِضَّةً\". فوَزَنَّاه فكانَ وزنُه دِرهمًا وبَعضَ دِرهَمٍ (^٢). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ. وقيلَ في رِوايَتِه: عن محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - (^٣). ولا أدرِى مَحفوظًا (^٤) هو أم لا.\n\n١٩٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، عن [ابنِ الحُسَينِ] (^٥)، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٩٣١٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٩٧)، والترمذي (١٥١٩) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب، وإسناده ليس بمتصل، وأبو جعفر محمد بن على بن الحسين لم يدرك على بن أبي طالب.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٧ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٥) في س: \"أبى الحسن\"، وضبب في الأصل فوق كلمة: \"أبى\". وهو على بن الحسين بن على بن أبى طالب أبو الحسين زين العابدين. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ٣٨٢. وفى المهذب ٨/ ٣٨٩١ ضبب الذهبي على هذا الاسم علامة على انقطاعه.","vol":"19","page":392},{"text":"أبى رافِعٍ قال: لما ولَدَت فاطِمَةُ حَسَنًا - ﵄ - قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألا أعُقُّ عن ابنِى بدَمٍ؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِ احلِقِى شَعَرَه وتَصَدَّقِى بوَزنِه مِنَ الوَرِقِ على الأوفاضِ أو على المَساكينِ\". قالَ عليٌّ: قال شَريكٌ: يَعنِى بالأوفاضِ أهلَ الصُّفَّةِ. ففَعَلَت ذَلِكَ، فلَمّا ولَدَت حُسَينًا فعَلَت مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أشعَثَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سلمةَ وهو ابنُ أبي الحُسامِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ، أن الحَسَنَ بنَ عليٍّ حينَ ولَدَته أُمُّهُ أرادَت أن تَعُقَّ عنه بكَبشٍ عَظيمٍ، فأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ لَها: \"لا تَعُقِّى عنه بشَئٍ، ولَكِنِ احلِقِى شَعَرَ رأسِه ثُمَّ تَصَدَّقِى بوَزنِه مِنَ الوَرِقِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿ أو على ابنِ السَّبيلِ\". ووَلَدَتِ الحُسَينَ مِنَ العامِ المُقبِلِ فصنَعَت مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به ابنُ عَقيلٍ، وهو إن صَحَّ فكأَنَّه أرادَ أن يَتَوَلَّى العَقيقَةَ عَنهُما بنَفسِه كما رُوِّيناه، فأَمَرَها بغَيرِها وهو التَّصدُّقُ بوَزنِ شَعَرِهِما مِنَ الوَرِقِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4062>بابُ النَّهىِ عن القَزَعِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٣١٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٥٩٨)، والطبراني (٢٥٧٦) من طريق شريك به. وأحمد (٢٧١٩٦) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن عقيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٩١٨، ٢٥٧٧) من طريق سعيد بن أشعث به.","vol":"19","page":393},{"text":"الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ (^١) ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى وهو ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن أبيه نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن القَزَعِ. والقَزَعُ أن يَحلِقَ بَعضَ رأسِ الصَّبِىِّ ويَدَعَ بَعضه (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَرب عن يَحيَى، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن القَزَعِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4063>بابُ ما جاءَ في التّأذينِ في أُذُنِ الصَّبِىِّ حينَ يولَدُ</span>\n\n١٩٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"محمد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧١٣)، والآداب (٧٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٥١٧٥)، والنسائي (٥٢٤٦) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٥٠٦) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به. وأبو داود (٤١٩٣) من طريق عمر بن نافع به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٢٠/ ١١٣)، والبخاري (٥٩٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٦٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٣٨) من طريق شبابة بن سوار به. وأحمد (٥٣٥٦، ٥٥٤٨، ٥٥٥٠، ٥٩٨٩)، والبخاري (٥٩٢١) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.","vol":"19","page":394},{"text":"﵀، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ قالا: أخبرَنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبيه قال: رأَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أذَّنَ في أُذُنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ بالصَّلاةِ حينَ ولَدَته فاطِمَةُ - ﵂ - (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4064>بابُ تَسميَةِ المَولودِ حيَن يولَدُ، وما جاءَ فيها أصَحُّ مِمّا مَضَى</span>\n\n١٩٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ وتَميمُ بنُ محمدٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ - ﵁ - قال: ذَهَبتُ بعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ الأنصارِيِّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ وُلِدَ ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في عَباءَةٍ يَهنأُ بَعيرًا (^٢) له فقالَ: \"هَل مَعَكَ تَمرٌ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. فناوَلتُه تَمَراتٍ فأَلقاهُنَّ في فيه فلاكَهُنَّ ثُمَّ فغَرَ فا الصَّبِىِّ فمَجَّه في فيه فجَعَلَ الصَّبِيُّ يَتَلَمَّظُه، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٧٩٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٨٦، ٢٧١٩٤)، وأبو داود (٥١٠٥)، والترمذي (١٥١٤) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٥٨).\n(^٢) يهنأ بعيرًا: أي يطليه بالقطران ويعالجه به، والهناء القطران. معالم السنن ٤/ ١٢٧.","vol":"19","page":395},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"حُبَّ (^١) الأنصارِ التَّمرَ\". وَسَمّاه عبدَ اللهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٣)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ سيرينَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا بُرَيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: وُلِدَ لِى غُلامٌ فأَتَيتُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فسَمَّاه إبراهيمَ وحَنَّكَه بتَمرَةٍ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ وزادَ فيه: ودَعا له بالبَرَكَةِ ودَفَعَه إلَيَّ، وكانَ أكبَرَ ولَدِ أبى موسَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) قال النووي: روى بضم الحاء وكسرها، فالكسر بمعنى المحبوب كالذبح بمعنى المذبوح، وعلى هذا فالباء مرفوعة، أي: محبوب الانصار التمر، وأما من ضم الحاء فهو مصدر، وفى الباء على هذا وجهان؛ الصب، وهو الأشهر، والرفع، فمن نصب فتقديره: انظروا حب الأنصار التمر. فينصب التمر أيضًا، ومن رفع قال: هو مبتدأ حذف خبره، أي: حب الأنصار التمر لازم أو هكذا، أو عادة من صغرهم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٢٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٣١) من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به. وأبو يعلى (٣٢٨٣) من طريق عبد الأعلى بن حماد به. وتقدم في (٧٢١١).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢١٤٤/ ٢٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٤٤/ ٢٣)، والبخاري (٥٤٧٠).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٢١)، والآداب (٥٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٧٠) من طريق أبى أسامة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٤٦٧)، ومسلم (٢١٤٥/ ٢٤).","vol":"19","page":396},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4065>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ أن يُسَمَّى بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ وعَلِيُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ وأبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ فِراسٍ بمَكَّةَ قالوا: أخبرَنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زيادٍ البَغدادِيُّ الَّذِى يُقال له: سَبَلانُ. حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ عَبَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وأَخوه عبدُ اللهِ بمَكَّةَ سنةَ أربَعٍ وأَربَعينَ ومِائَةٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أحَبَّ أسمائكُم إلَى اللهِ ﷿ عبدُ اللهِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ الباقينَ: الَّذِى يُقالُ له: سَبَلانُ. ولا التاريخُ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ زيادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سعيدٍ الطّالْقانِيَّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَقيلُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٠٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٤٩) من طريق إبراهيم بن زياد به. وأحمد (٤٧٧٤، ٦١٢٢)، والترمذي (٢٨٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٢٨) من طريق عبد الله بن عمر العمرى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٣٢/ ٢).","vol":"19","page":397},{"text":"أبى وهبٍ الجُشَمِىِّ وكانَت له صُحبَةٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَمُّوا بأَسماءِ الأنبياءِ، وأَحَبُّ الأسماءِ إلَى اللهِ عبدُ اللهِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، وأَصدَقُها حارِثٌ وهَمّامٌ، وأقبَحُها حَربٌ ومُرَّةُ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الفَضلُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ محمدٍ الإِسفَرايينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهْلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن داودَ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي زَكَريّا الخُزاعِيِّ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّكُم تُدعَونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ بأَسمائِكُم وأَسماءِ آبائِكُم، فأَحسِنوا أسماءَكُم\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ؛ ابنُ أبي زَكَريّا لَم يَسمَعْ مِن أبى الدَّرداءِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4066>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ أن يُسَمَّى بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ الفَضلُ بنُ عليٍّ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهْلِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعَتُ الرُّكَينَ بنَ الرَّبيعِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: نَهانا نَبِيُّ الله - ﷺ - أن نُسَمِّىَ رَقيقَنا أربَعَةَ أسماءٍ؛ أفلَحَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٠٥)، وأحمد (١٩٠٣٢)، ومن طريقه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨١٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٥٠)، والنسائي (٣٥٦٧) من طريق هشام بن سعيد الطالقانى به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٤٠) دون قوله: \"تسموا بأسماء الأنبياء\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٣٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦٩٣)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨١٨) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"19","page":398},{"text":"ورَباحًا ويَسارًا ونافِعًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن هِلالِ بنِ يِسافٍ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ عُمَيلَةَ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أحَبُّ الكَلامِ إلَى اللهِ ﷿ أربَعٌ: لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ، واللهُ أكبَر، وسُبحانَ اللهِ، والحَمدُ للهِ، لا يَضُرُّكَ بأَيِّهِنَّ بَدأتَ، لا تُسَمِّ غُلامَكَ يَسارًا ولا رَباحًا ولا نَجيحًا ولا أفلَحَ؛ فإِنَّكَ تَقولُ: أثَمَّ هو؟ فلا يَكونُ فيَقولُ: لا. إنَّما هُنَّ (^٣) أربَعٌ فلا تَزيدُنَّ عليَّ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: أرادَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يَنهَى عن أن يُسَمَّى بيَعلَى وبَرَكَةَ وبِأَفلَحَ وبيَسارٍ وبِنافِعٍ وبِنَحوِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ رأَيتُه سَكَتَ بَعدُ عَنها فلَم يَقُلْ شَيئًا، ثُمَّ قُبِضَ ولَم يَنهَ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٣٨)، وأبو داود (٤٩٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٣٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٣٦) من طريق معتمر بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٣٦/ ١٠).\n(^٣) في م: \"هي\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"هو\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٦٠١)، والآداب (٥٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠١٠٧، ٢٠٢٤٤)، وأبو داود (٤٩٥٨) من طريق زهير به. والترمذي (٢٨٣٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٦٨٢)، وابن حبان (٨٣٥، ١٨١١) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢١٣٧/ ١٢).","vol":"19","page":399},{"text":"ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أرادَ عُمَرُ أن يَنهَى عن ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي خَلَفٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ - ﵁ - يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -: \"أخنَعُ اسمٍ عِندَ اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ رَجُلٌ يُسَمَّى مَلِكَ الأملاكِ\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ أحمدَ، زادَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ في رِوايَتِه: \"لا مالكَ إلَّا اللهُ\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وأَبِى بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ زادَ: قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: سأَلتُ أبا عمرٍو (^٤) عن \"أخنَعَ\" فقالَ: أوضَعَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4067>بابُ تَغييرِ الاسمِ القَبيحِ، وتَحويلِ الاسمِ إلَى ما هو أحسَنُ مِنهُ</span>\n\n١٩٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبُ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٨٤٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وأحمد (١٤٦٠٦، ١٥١٦٤) من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٢) سلم (٢١٣٨/ ١٣).\n(^٣) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٦)، وأبو داود (٤٩٦١)، وأحمد (٧٣٢٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٨٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٨٣٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: هو أبو عمرو الشيبانى إسحاق بن مرار اللغوى والله أعلم\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٢٠٦)، ومسلم (٢١٤٣/ ٢٠).","vol":"19","page":400},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - غَيَّرَ اسمَ عاصيَةَ قال: \"أنتِ جَميلَةُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ بطوسَ، أخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: أُتِىَ بالمُنذِرِ بنِ أبي أُسَيدٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - حينَ وُلِدَ فوَضعَه على فخِذِه وأبو أُسَيدٍ جالِسٌ، فلَهَى النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بشَئٍ بَينَ يَدَيه، فأَمَرَ أبو أُسَيدٍ بابنِه فاحتُمِلَ مِن على فخِذِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأَقلَبوه (^٣)، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أينَ الصَّبِيُّ؟ \". قال أبو أُسَيدٍ: أقلَبناه يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"ما اسمُهُ؟ \". قال: فُلانٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥٠٩)، وأحمد (٤٦٨٢)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٩٥٢)، وابن حبان (٥٨١٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٨٣٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به. وابن ماجه (٣٧٣٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٣٩/ ١٤).\n(^٣) فوقها في الأصل: \"ص\". وفى الحاشية: \"فأقاموه. خ ر\". وأقلبوه: ردوه وصرفوه. قال النووي: في جميع نسخ صحيح مسلم \"فأقلبوه\" بالألف، وأنكره جمهور أهل اللغة والغريب وشراح الحديث، وقالوا: صوابه: قلبوه بحذف الألف. . . وذكر صاحب التحرير أن \"أقلبوه\" بالألف لغة قليلة، فأثبتها لغة، والله أعلم. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٢٨.","vol":"19","page":401},{"text":"قال: \"لا ولَكِنِ اسمُه المُنذِرُ\". فسَمّاه يَومَئذٍ المُنذِرَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلٍ وغَيرِه عن سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما اسمُكَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: حَزْنٌ. قالَ: \"بَل أنتَ سَهلٌ\". قال: لا أُغَيِّرُ اسمًا سَمّانِيه أبِى. قال ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: ففينا تِلكَ الحُزونَةُ بَعدُ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَيمونَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا رافِعٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن زَينَبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨١٦)، والطبراني (٥٧٩٣) من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٩١)، ومسلم (٢١٤٩/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٥١٠)، وعد الرزاق (١٩٨٥١) وليس عنده: جده، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٧٣)، وأبو داود (٤٩٥٦)، وابن حبان (٥٨٢٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦١٩٠).","vol":"19","page":402},{"text":"كان اسمُها بَرَّةَ، فقيلَ: تُزَكِّى نَفسَها. فسَمَّاها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ بَشّارٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى زَينَبُ بنتُ أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: كان اسمِى بَرَّةَ فسَمّانِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - زَينَبَ، ودَخَلَت عَلَيه زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ واسمُها بَرَّةُ فسَمّاها زَينَبَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ جَزءٍ الزُّبَيدِىِّ قال: توُفِّىَ صاحِبٌ لِى غَريبًا، فكُنّا على قَبرِه أنا وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، وكاد اسمِى العاصِ، واسمُ ابنِ عُمَرَ العاصِ، واسمُ ابنِ عمرٍو العاصِ، فقالَ لَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"انزِلوا واقبُروه وأَنتُم عَبيدُ اللهِ\". قال: فنَزَلنَا فقَبَرنا أخانا،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٥٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٩١٤)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٣٢) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وابن حبان (٥٨٣٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٩٢)، ومسلم (٢١٤١/ ١٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٥١١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٥٣) من طريق محمد بن عمرو بن عطاء به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٤٢/ ١٨).","vol":"19","page":403},{"text":"وصَعِدنا مِنَ القَبرِ وقَد أُبدِلَت أسماؤُنا (^١).\nوفِي هذا البابِ أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ، فإِنَّه غَيَّرَ اسمَ العاصِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بمُطيعٍ، وأَصرَمَ بزُرعَةَ، وشِهابٍ بهِشامٍ، وحَربٍ بسَلْمٍ، والمُضطَجِعِ بالمُنبَعِثِ، وغَيرَ ذَلِكَ ممَّا يَطولُ بنَقلِه الكِتابُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4068>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ ان يَتَكَنَّى بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قِراءَةً وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِيُّ إملاءً قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال أبو القاسِمِ - ﷺ -: \"تَسَمُّوا باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وأبو عَوانَةَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"سَمُّوا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢١/ ٩٠، ٩١ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٩٥: سنده صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٠٨)، والدلائل ١/ ١٦٢، والآداب (٥١٣)، وسفيان بن عيينة في جزئه (٣٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٣٧٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٦٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٣٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٥٣٩، ٦١٨٨)، ومسلم (٢١٣٤/ ٨).","vol":"19","page":404},{"text":"باسمِى ولا تَكتَنُوا بكُنيَتِى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: وُلِدَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَّا غُلامٌ فسَمّاه القاسِمَ، فقُلنا: لا نُكنيكَ أبا القاسِمِ ولا تُنعَمُ (^٣) عَينًا. فأَتَينا (^٤) النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"سَمِّ ابنَكَ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ\" (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٩٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُصينِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"سَمُّوا باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى؛ فإنَّما أنا قاسِمٌ بُعِثتُ أقسِمُ بَينَكُم\" (^٧). رَواه البخاريُّ في\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٥٤١).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٠، ٦١٩٧).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ننعم\".\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"فأتى\".\n(^٥) سفيان بن عيينة في جزئه (٤)، ومن طريقه ابن أبي شيبة (١٤٢٩٦)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨١٥).\n(^٦) البخاري (٦١٨٦، ٦١٨٩)، ومسلم (٢١٣٣/. . .).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٦٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"19","page":405},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا خالِدٌ هو ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا حُصَينٌ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: وُلِدَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَّا غُلامٌ فسَمّاه باسمِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. فقالوا: لا نُكنِيه حَتَّى نَسألَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فقالَ: \"سَمُّوا (^٢) باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن رِفاعَةَ بنِ الهَيثَمِ عن خالِدٍ (^٣).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه عَبثَرٌ عن حُصَينٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: وُلِدَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنا غُلامٌ فسَمّاه محمدًا، فقالَ له قَومُه: لا نَدَعُكَ تُسَمِّى باسمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فانطَلَقَ بابنِه حامِلَه على ظَهرِه، فأَتَى به رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وُلِدَ لِى غُلامٌ فسَمَّيتُه محمدًا فقالَ لِى\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦١٩٦)، ومسلم (٢١٣٣/ ٧).\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"تسموا\". وفوقها: \"حـ\"\n(^٣) البخاري (٦١٨٧)، ومسلم (٢١٣٣/. . .).\n(^٤) أخرجه مسلم (٢١٣٣/ ٤) من طريق عبثر به.","vol":"19","page":406},{"text":"قَومِى: لا نَدَعُكَ تُسَمِّى باسمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَسَمَّوا باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى؛ فإِنَّما أنا قاسِمٌ أقسِمُ بَينَكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ مَلَّاسٍ النُّمَيرِىُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ (^٤) بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ قال: قال أنَسٌ: نادَى رَجُلٌ بالبَقيعِ: يا أبا القاسِمِ. فالتَفَتَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -. فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَم أعنِكَ، إنَّما عَنَيتُ فُلانًا. فقالَ: \"سَمُّوا باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ وأَبِى كُرَيبٍ عن مَروانَ (^٦).\n\n١٩٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٩١٥) من طريق جرير به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٨٦٧)، وأحمد (١٤٩٦٤) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٣٣/ ٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣١١٤، ٣٥٣٨)، ومسلم (٢١٣٣/ ٧).\n(^٤) في الأصل، س: \"هارون\". وتقدم في (٥٠٥٦، ١١٦٢٠). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٤٠٣.\n(^٥) المصنف في الآداب (٥١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٣٠)، والبخاري (٢١٢١)، والترمذي عقب (٢٨٤١)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٨١٣) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٦) في س: \"هارون\". والحديث عند مسلم (٢١٣١/ ١).","vol":"19","page":407},{"text":"عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - في السّوقِ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا أبا القاسِمِ. فالتَفَتَ إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّما دَعَوتُ هذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تَسَمَّوا باسمِى ولا تَكتَنوا بكُنيَتِى\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ ﵀ يقولُ: لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ أن يَكتَنِىَ بأَبِى القاسِمِ، كان اسمُه محمدًا أو غَيرَه (^٣).\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: ورُوِّينَا مَعنَى هذا عن طاوُسٍ اليَمانِيّ ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4069>بابُ مَن رأى الكَراهَةَ في الجَمعِ بَينَهُما</span>\n\n١٩٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن تَسَمَّى باسمِى فلا يَكتَنِى بكُنيَتِى، ومَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٣١)، والبخاري (٣٥٣٧)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٣٨ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢١٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣/ ٤٣، ٤٤ من طريق المصنف به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ١٢٧ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به.","vol":"19","page":408},{"text":"تَكَنَّى بكُنيَتِى فلا يَتَسَمَّى باسمِى\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هريرةَ (^٢) - ﵁ -، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فيها، وأَحاديثُ النَّهىِ على الإطلاقِ أكثَرُ وأَصَحُّ طَريقًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4070>بابُ ما جاءَ مِنَ الرُّخصَةِ في الجَمعِ بَينَهُما</span>\n\n١٩٣٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ وأبو بكرٍ ابنا أبى شَيبَةَ قالا: حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن فِطرٍ، عن مُنذِرٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ قال: قال عليٌّ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن وُلِدَ لِى مِن بَعدِكَ ولَدٌ أُسَمّيه باسمِكَ وأُكَنّيه بكُنيَتِكَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". لَم يَقُل أبو بكرٍ: قُلتُ: قال: قال عليٌّ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ السَّرِىِّ التَّميمِيُّ الحافظُ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا فِطرٌ وهو ابنُ خَليفَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥١٥)، والطيالسى (١٨٥٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٦٦) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٤٣٥٧) من طريق هشام الدستوائى به. والترمذي (٢٨٤٢)، وابن حبان (٥٨١٦) من طريق أبى الزبير به مختصرًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وقال الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٥٦): منكر.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٥٦، ٥/ ١٣٦، والبزار (٨٢٤٧)، والطحاوي في شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣٣٧.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب عقب (٥١٦)، وأبو داود (٤٩٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٣٠)، والترمذي (٢٨٤٣) من طريق فطر بن خليفة به. وقال: صحيح. وينظر ما سيأتي. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٩٧: فهو بهيئة المرسل، وقد صححه الترمذي. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٥٥).","vol":"19","page":409},{"text":"مُنذِرٍ الثَّورِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ الحَنَفيَّةِ يقولُ: كانَت رُخصَةً لِعَلِىٍّ قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ إن وُلِدَ لِى بَعدَكَ أُسَمّيه باسمِكَ وأُكَنّيه بكُنيَتِكَ؟ قال: \"نَعَم\" (^١).\nوروِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن محمدِ ابنِ الحَنَفيَّةِ، والحديثُ مُختَلَفٌ في وصلِهِ.\n\n١٩٣٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ الحَجَبِيُّ، عن جَدَّتِه صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: جاءَتِ امرأَةٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي قَد ولَدتُ غُلامًا فسَمَّيتُه محمدًا وكَنَّيتُه أبا القاسِمِ، فذُكِرَ لِى أنَّكَ تَكرَهُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ: \"ما الَّذِى أحَلَّ اسمِى وحَرَّمَ كُنيَتِى؟ أو ما الَّذِى حَرَّمَ كُنيَتِى وأَحَلَّ اسمِى؟ \" (^٢).\nقال الفَقيهُ ﵀: أحاديثُ النَّهىِ عن التَّكَنِّى بأَبِى القاسَمِ على الإطلاقِ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ الحَجَبِىِّ هذا وأَكثَرُ؛ فالحُكمُ لَها دونَه، وحَديثُ عليٍّ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه عَرَفَ نَهيًا حَتَّى سأَلَ الرُّخصَةَ له وحدَه، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ حَديثُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - إن صَحَّ طَريقُه - أن يَكونَ نَهيُه وقَعَ في الابتِداءِ على الكَراهيَةِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٥١٦). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٤٣)، والتاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٨٢، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٧٨ من طريق أبى نعيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٥١٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٦٨). وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٥٥ من طريق النفيلى به. وأحمد (٢٥٠٤٠، ٢٥٧٤٧)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٠٥٧) من طريق محمد بن عمران الحجبى به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٩٨: الحجبي روى عنه أيضًا وكيعٌ، وما رأيته في الضعفاء ولا في الثقات، لكن حديثه منكر. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٥٧).","vol":"19","page":410},{"text":"والتَّنزيهِ لا على التَّحريمِ، فحينَ تَوَهَّمَتِ المَرأَةُ أنَّه على التَّحريمِ بَيَّنَ أنَّه على غَيرِ التَّحريمِ، والأوَّلُ أظهَرُ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوقَد قال حُمَيدُ بنُ زَنجويَه في كِتابِ \"الأدب\" سأَلتُ ابنَ أبى أوَيسٍ: ما كان مالكٌ يقولُ في الرَّجُلِ يَجمَعُ اسمَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وكُنيَتَه؟ فأَشارَ إلَى شَيخٍ جالِسٍ معنا فقالَ: هذا محمدُ بنُ مالكٍ، سَمَّاه محمدًا وكَنَّاه أبا القاسِمِ. وكانَ يقولُ: إنَّما نُهِىَ عن ذَلِكَ في حَياةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - كَراهيَةَ أن يُدعَى أحَدٌ باسمِه أو كُنيَتِه فيَلتَفِتَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فأَمَّا اليَومَ فلا بأسَ بذَلِكَ.\nقالَ حُمَيدُ بنُ زَنجُويه: إنَّما كَرِهَ أن يُدعَى أحَدٌ بكُنيَتِه في حَياتِه، ولَم يَكرَهْ أن يُدعَى باسمِه؛ لأنَّه لا يَكادُ أحَدٌ يَدعو باسمِه، فلَمّا قُبِضَ ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ، ألا تَرَى أنَّه أذِنَ لِعَلِىٍّ إن وُلِدَ له ابنٌ بَعدَه أن يَجمَعَ له الاسمَ والكُنيَةَ، وأَنَّ نَفَرًا مِن أبناءِ وُجوهِ الصَّحابَةِ جَمَعوا بَينَهُما؛ مِنهُبم محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ حاطِبٍ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُنتَشِرِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا التَّخصيصُ بحَياتِه، والاستِدلالُ لمن جَمَعَ بَينَهُما بَعدَ وفاتِه، مِنَ النَّوعِ الَّذِى كان يقولُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لا حُجَّةَ في قَولِ أحَدٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٥/ ٦٨.","vol":"19","page":411},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4071>بابُ مَن تَكَنَّى بأَبِى عيسَى</span>\n\n١٩٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أبي الزَّرقاءِ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ ضَرَبَ ابنًا له يُكنَى أبا عيسَي، وأَنَّ المُغيرَةَ بنَ شُعبَةَ تَكَنَّى بأَبِى عيسَى فقالَ له عُمَرُ: أما يَكفيكَ أن تُكنَى بأَبِى عبدِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَنَّانِى. فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قَد غُفِرَ له ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِه وما تأَخَّرَ، وإِنَّا في جَلجَبيَّتِنا (^١). فلَم يَزَلْ يُكنَّى بأَبِى عبدِ اللهِ حَتَّى هَلَكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4072>بابُ مَن تَكَنَّى ولَيسَ له ولَدٌ</span>\n\n١٩٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فَرُّوخَ وجَعفَرُ بنُ مِهرانَ قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن أبي التَّيَّاحِ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أحسَنَ النَّاسِ خُلُقًا، وكان لِى أخٌ يُقالُ: له أبو عُمَيرٍ - أحسِبُه\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا فيهما\"، وفى الحاشية: \"قلت: أحفظه: جَلَجِيَّتِنا: أي اضطرابنا والله أعلم\"، وفى س: \"حليجتنا\"، وفي م: \"جليتنا\"، والمثبت كما في أبي داود، وفى المهذب ٨/ ٣٨٩٩ كما في حاشية الأصل وفسره كما فسره. وعند أبي داود: \"جلجتنا\". وفى عون المعبود ٤/ ٤٤٦: جَلَجتِنا: أي في عدد من أمثالنا من المسلمين. وقيل: في أمر ضيق. وينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٨٣.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٩٦٣). وأخرجه الدولابى في الكنى والأسماء ١/ ١٥٦ (٥٤٠) عن هارون بن زيد بن أبي الزرقاء. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٩٩: إسناده مع نكارته جيد.","vol":"19","page":412},{"text":"قال: كان فطيمًا - قال: فكانَ إذا جاءَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فرآه قال: \"أبا عُمَيرٍ، ما فعَلَ النُّغَيرُ (^١)؟ \". قال: وكانَ يَلعَبُ بهِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن شَيبانَ بنِ فرّوخَ وعن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4073>بابُ المَرأَةِ تَكَنَّى ولَيسَ لَها ولَدٌ</span>\n\n١٩٣٦١ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كُلُّ نِسائكَ لَهُنَّ كُنًى غَيرِى. قال: \"تَكَنَّىْ بابنِكِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ\". فكانَت تُكَنَّى بأُمِّ عبدِ اللهِ حَتَّى ماتَت (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه وأبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الفامِيُّ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) النغير: قيل: هو طائر يشبه العصفور. وقيل: هي فراخ العصافير. وقيل غير ذلك. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الدلائل ١/ ٣١٢، ٣١٣، وسقط من بعض نسخه شيبان بن فروخ. وتقدم في (٤٣٣٦، ٥٠٥٧) وليس فيهما موضع الشاهد هنا، وفى (١٠٠٨٥، ١٠٠٨٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٠٣)، ومسلم (٦٥٩/ ٢٦٧، ٢٣١٠/ ٥٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٤٢)، وأبو داود (٤٩٧٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٥٧).","vol":"19","page":413},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ الكوفيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألا تُكَنّينِى؛ فكُلُّ نِسائكَ لَها كُنيَةٌ؟ فقالَ: \"بَلَي، اكتَنِى بابنِكِ عبدِ اللهِ\". فكانَت تُكنَّى أُمَّ عبدِ اللهِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ (^١).\nتابَعَه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ ومَسلَمَةُ بنُ قَعنَبٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4074>بابٌ: أقِرّوا الطَّيرَ على مَكاناتِها</span>\n\n١٩٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ الرَّملِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن سِباعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، سَمِعَه مِن أُمِّ كُرزٍ الكَعبيَّةِ - ﵂ - تُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عن الغُلامِ شاتانِ، وعن الجاريَةِ شاةٌ، لا يَضُرُّكُم ذُكرانًا كُنَّ أم إناثًا\". وسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"أقِرّوا الطَّيرَ على مَكاناتِها\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود عقب (٤٩٧٠)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ١٨ (٣٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به. والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨٥١)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٧٨ من طريق هشام بن عروة به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٨٩٩: لم يخرجوه.\n(^٢) ذكره أبو داود عقب (٤٩٧٠) عن حماد بن سلمة ومسلمة بن قعنب. وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٣٠٠٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨١٨). وتقدم في (١٩٣٠٣).","vol":"19","page":414},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ أبي يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن سِباعِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، سَمِع أُمّ كُرزٍ الكَعبيَّةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أقِرّوا الطَّيرَ على مَكاناتِهَا\". وقالَ غَيرُه عن سُفيانَ: \"على مَكَنَاتِها\" (^١): وهِىَ بنَصبِ الكافِ أيضًا جَمعُ مَكانٍ كما بَلَغَنِى.\n\n١٩٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَحمودٍ قال: سأَلَ إنسانٌ يونُسَ بنَ عبدِ الأعلَى عن مَعنَى قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"أقِرّوا الطَّيرَ على مَكَناتِها\". فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الحَقَّ، إنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ كان صاحِبَ ذا، سَمِعتُه يقولُ في تَفسيرِ قَولِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: \"أقِرّوا الطَّيرَ على مَكناتِها\". فقالَ: كان الرَّجُلُ في الجاهِليَّةِ إذا أتَى الحاجَةَ أتَى الطَّيرَ في وكِره فنَفَّرَه، فإِن أخَذَ ذاتَ اليَمينِ مَضى لِحاجَتِه، وإِن أخَذَ ذاتَ الشِّمالِ رَجَعَ، فنَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن ذَلِكَ. قال: وكانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ نَسيجَ وحدِه في هذه المَعانِى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4075>بابُ ما جاءَ في الفَرَعِ والعَتيرَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٣٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ ونَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن بشرِ بنِ المُفَضَّلِ المَعْنَى، حدثنا خالِدٌ الحَذاءُ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أبي المَليحِ قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٩٣٠٣).\n(^٢) الشافعي في السنن المأثورة ١/ ٣٤٢ بنحوه. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٢/ ٢٥٩ من طريق يونس بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":415},{"text":"قال نُبَيشَةُ: نادَى رَجُلٌ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنّا كُنَّا نَعتِرُ عَتيرَةً في الجاهِليَّةِ في رَجَبٍ، فما تأمُرُنا؟ قال: \"اذبَحوا للهِ في أيِّ شَهرٍ كان، وبَرُّوا للهِ وأَطعِموا\". قال: إنّا كُنَّا نُفرِعُ فرَعًا في الجاهِليَّةِ، فما تأمُرُنا؟ قال: \"في كُلِّ سائمَةٍ فرَعٌ؛ تَغذُوه ماشيَتُكَ حَتَّى إذا استَجمَلَ (^١) ذَبَحتَه فتَصَدَّقتَ بلَحمِه\". قال خالِدٌ: أحسِبُه قال: \"على ابنِ السَّبيلِ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ خَيرٌ\". قال خالِدٌ: قُلتُ لأبِى قِلابَةَ: كَمِ السَّائمَةُ؟ قال: مِائَةٌ. كَذا قالَ أبو قِلابَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٦٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن حَفصَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بالفَرَعَةِ مِن كُلِّ خَمسينَ واحِدَةٌ (^٣). كَذا في كِتابِي، وفِي رِوايَةِ حَجَّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ: في كُلِّ خَمسٍ واحِدَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) استجمل: أي صار جملًا. ويروى: استحمل: أي قَوِى على الحمل وأطاقه. تاج العروس ٢٨/ ٢٣٢ (ج م ل)، والنهاية ١/ ٤٤٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٨٢٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٠). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٢٤٠) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأحمد (٢٠٧٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٣١٦٧) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٥٤).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٧٩٩٧). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٥٠٩)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٥٣٦) من طريق ابن خثيم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٣٥، ٢٣٦ من طريق حجاج بن محمد به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.","vol":"19","page":416},{"text":"ورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عثمانَ (^١) بنِ خُثَيمٍ وقالَ: مِن كُلِّ خَمسينَ شاةً شاةٌ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن داودَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، أُراه عن جَدِّه قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عن العَقيقَةِ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: وسُئلَ عن الفَرَعِ قال: \"والفَرَعُ حَقٌّ، وأَن تَترُكوه حَتَّى يَكونَ بَكرًا شَغوبًا (^٣) ابنَ مَخاضٍ أوِ ابنَ لَبونٍ، فتُعطيَه أرمَلَةً، أو تَحمِلَ عَلَيه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، خَيرٌ مِن أن تَذبَحَه فيَلزَقَ لَحمُه بوَبَرِه، وتَكفأَ إناءَكَ، وتُوَلِّهَ ناقَتَكَ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ أسلَمَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"وغيره عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣٣) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به، وعند أحمد: من كل خمس شياه شاة.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"شعوبًا\"، وعند أبي داود: \"شُعْزُبًّا\" بالعين المهملة والزاى. وقال في عون المعبود ٣/ ٦٦: شُغْزُبًّا: بضم شين وسكون غين وضم زاى معجمات وتشديد باء موحدة. وهكذا رواه أبو داود في السنن وهو خطأ، والصواب: زُخْربًّا: بزاى مضمومة وخاء معجمة ساكنة ثم راء مضمومة ثم باء مشددة. وسيأتي معناه في (١٩٣٧٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٨٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧١٣، ٦٧٥٩)، والنسائي (٤٢٣٦) من طريق داود بن قيس به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٦٨) وينظر كلام المصنف في تفسير الحديث (١٩٣٧٧).","vol":"19","page":417},{"text":"رَجُلٍ، عن أبيه أو عَمِّه قال: شَهِدتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بعَرَفَةَ وسُئلَ عن العَقيقَةِ فقالَ: \"لا أُحِبُّ العُقوقَ، ومَن وُلِدَ له ولَدٌ وأَحَبَّ أن يَنسُكَ عنه فليَنسُكْ\". وسُئلَ عن العَتيرَةِ فقالَ: \"حَقٌّ\". وسُئلَ عن الفَرَعِ فقالَ: \"حَقٌّ، ولَيسَ هو أن تَذبَحَه [غَرَاةً مِن غَراةٍ] (^١)، ولَكِن تُمَكِّنُه مِن مالِكَ، حَتَّى إذا كان ابنَ لَبونٍ أوِ ابنَ مَخاضٍ زُخْزُبًّا (^٢) يَعنِى ذَبَحتَه، وذَلِكَ خَيرٌ مِن أن تَكفأَ إناءَكَ، وتُوَلِّهَ ناقَتَكَ، وتَذبَحَه يَختَلِطُ لَحمُه بشَعَرِه\" (^٣).\nورَواه عبدُ الجَبَّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ عن سُفيانَ فقالَ في الحديثِ: \"وأَن تَترُكَه تَحتَ أُمِّه حَتَّى يَكونَ ابنَ لَبونٍ أوِ ابنَ مَخاضٍ\".\n\n١٩٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ السَّهمِيِّ، حدثنا زُرارَةُ بنُ كَرِيمِ بنِ الحارِثِ، أن الحارِثَ بنَ عمرٍو حَدَّثَه قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ - أو قال: بمِنًى - وقَد أطافَ به النَّاسُ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: وسألَه رَجُلٌ عن العَتيرَةِ فقالَ: \"مَن شاءَ عَتَرَ ومَن شاءَ لَم يَعتِرْ، ومَن شَاءَ فرَعَ ومَن شاءَ لَم يَفرَعْ\". وقالَ: \"في الغَنَمِ أُضحيَّتُها\". ووَصَفَ لَنا\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"غزاة من غزاة\"، وفي م: \"عراة من عراة\". والغراة: القطعة من الغِرا، وهى لغة في الغراء، والغراء هو الذي يلصق به الأشياء ويتخذ من أطراف الجلود والسمك. النهاية ٣/ ٣٦٤.\n(^٢) في س: \"رحرما\"، وفي م: \"زخربا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٩٩٦)، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٩٨١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"19","page":418},{"text":"أبو مَعمَرٍ وأَشَارَ بالسَّبَّابَةِ واحِدَةً (^١).\n\n١٩٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مِهرانَ الدِّينَوَرِىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن وكيعِ بنِ عُدُسٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عَمِّى أبو رَزينٍ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا كُنّا نَذبَحُ في الجاهِليَّةِ ذَبائحَ (^٢) فنأكُلُ مِنها ونُطعِمُ مَن جاءَنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ\". قال وكيعٌ: لا أدَعُها أبَدًا (^٣).\nورَواه غَيرُه عن أبي عَوانَةَ فقالَ: ذَبَحنا في رَجَبٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا أبو رَملَةَ، عن مخنَفِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ الغامِدِىِّ قال: كُنّا وُقوفًا مَع النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بعَرَفاتٍ فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، على كُلِّ أهلِ بَيتٍ في كلِّ عامٍ أُضحيَّةٌ وعَتيرَةٌ\". هَل تَدرِى ما العَتيرَةُ؟ هِىَ التي تُسَمَّى الرَّجَبيَّةَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٣٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٧٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٣٧، ٤٢٣٨) من طريق زرارة بن كريم به.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل، وفى الحاشية: \"في رجب\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٩١) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٢٠٢، ١٦٢٠٤)، والنسائي (٤٢٤٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٦٣٦). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥١٨) من طريق روح به، وقال: حسن غريب. وتقدم في (١٩٠٤٢).","vol":"19","page":419},{"text":"حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا فرَعَةَ (^١) ولا عَتيرَةَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا فرَعَ ولا عَتيرَةَ\". قال: والفَرَعُ أوَّلُ نِتاجٍ كان يُنتَجُ لهم، كانوا يَذبَحونَه لطواغيتِهِم، والعَتيرَةُ في رَجَبٍ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عَبدانَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الأُرْمَوِيُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا شافِعُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبي عَوانَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الطَّحاوِيُّ، حدثنا المُزَنِىُّ، حدثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ سَمِعتُه يقولُ: هو شَيءٌ كان أهلُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"لا فرع\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٢٥٦)، وأبو داود (٢٨٣١)، والنسائي (٤٢٣٣، ٤٢٣٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٦٨) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٧٤)، ومسلم (١٩٧٦/ ٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٧٧٥١، ٩٣٠١، ١٠٣٥٦)، والترمذي (١٥١٢)، والنسائي (٤٢٣٤)، وابن حبان (٥٨٩٠) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٤٧٣).","vol":"19","page":420},{"text":"الجاهِليَّةِ يَطلُبونَ به البَرَكَةَ في أموالِهِم، فكانَ أحَدُهُم يَذبَحُ بِكرَ ناقَتِه أو شاتِه فلا يَغذُوه؛ رَجاءَ البَرَكَةِ فيما يأتِى بَعدَه، فسأَلوا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عنه فقالَ: \"فرِّعوا إن شِئتُم\". أىِ: اذبَحوا إن شِئتُم، وكانوا يَسأَلونَه عَمَّا كانوا يَصنَعونَ في الجاهِليَّةِ خَوفًا أن يُكرَهَ في الإسلامِ، فأَعلَمَهُم أنَّه لا مَكروهَ عَلَيهِم فيه، وأَمَرَهُمُ اختيارًا أن يَغذُوه ثُمَّ يَحمِلوا عَلَيه في سَبيلِ اللهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٧٦ - قال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: أخبرَنِى مَن سَمِعَ زَيدَ بنَ أسلَمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى ضَمرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الفَرَعَةِ فقالَ: \"الفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ، وأَن تَغذوَه حَتَّى يَكونَ ابنَ لَبونٍ زُخْزُبًّا (^٢) فتُعطيَه أرمَلَةً، أو تَحمِلَ عَلَيه في سَبيلِ اللهِ، خَيرٌ مِن أن تَكْفَأَ إناءَكَ، وتُوَلِّهَ ناقَتَكَ، وتأكُلَه يَتَلَصَّقُ (^٣) لَحمُه بوَبَرِه\". قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قَولُه: \"الفَرَعَةُ حَقٌّ\". مَعناه: أنَّها لَيسَت بباطِلٍ، ولَكِنَّه كَلامٌ عَرَبِيٌّ يَخرُجُ على جَوابِ السَّائلِ، وقَد روِىَ عنه ﵇: \"لا فرَعَةَ ولا عَتيرَةَ\". ولَيسَ هذا باختِلافٍ مِنَ الرِّوايةِ، إنَّما هذا: لا فرَعَةَ واجَبِةٌ، ولا عَتيرَةَ واجِبَةٌ، والحديثُ الآخَرُ يَدُلُّ على مَعنَى ذا، أنَّه أباحَ له الذَّبحَ واختارَ له أن يُعطيَه أرمَلَةً، أو يَحمِلَ عَلَيه في سَبيلِ اللهِ. والعَتيرَةُ هِىَ الرَّجَبيَّةُ، وهِىَ ذَبيحَةٌ كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَتَبَرَّرونَ بها في رَجَبٍ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لا عَتيرَةَ\". على مَعنَى: لا عَتيرَةَ لازِمَةٌ. وقَولُه ﵇\n_________\n(^١) الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ٣/ ٩١، والشافعي في السنن المأثورة ١/ ٣٤٠، ٣٤١.\n(^٢) في س: \"رحوما\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"لعله: شعوبًا\"، وفي م: \"زخربا\".\n(^٣) في س: \"تلصق\"، وفي م: \"يلصق\".","vol":"19","page":421},{"text":"حَيثُ سُئلَ عن العَتيرَةِ (^١): \"اذبَحوا للهِ في أيِّ شَهرٍ ما كان\". أىِ: اذبَحوا إن شِئتُم، واجعَلوا الذَّبحَ للهِ لا لِغَيرِه في أيِّ شَهرٍ ما كان، لا أنَّها في رَجَبٍ دونَ ما سِواه مِنَ الشُّهورِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الفَرَعُ أوَّلُ شَئٍ تُنتَجُه النّاقَةُ، كانوا يَذبَحونَه حينَ يولَدُ، فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وقالَ: دَعُوه حَتَّى يَكونَ ابنَ مَخاضٍ أوِ ابنَ لَبونٍ فيَصيرَ له طَعمٌ. والزُّخْزُبُّ هو الَّذِى قَد غَلُظَ جِسمُه واشتَدَّ لَحمُه. وقَولُه: \"خَيرٌ مِن أن تَكفأَ إناءَكَ\". يقولُ: إذا ذَبَحتَه حينَ تَضَعُه أُمُّه بَقيَتِ الأُمُّ بلا ولَدٍ تُرضِعُه فانقَطَعَ لِذَلِكَ لَبَنُها. يقولُ: فإِذا فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ فقَد كَفأتَ إناءَكَ وهَرَقتَه. وقَولُه: \"توَلِّهَ ناقَتَكَ\". فهو ذَبحُه ولَدَها، وكُلُّ أُنثَى فقَدَت ولَدَها فهِىَ والِهٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4076>بابُ ما جاءَ في مُعاقَرَةِ الأعرابِ وذَبائحِ الجِنِّ</span>\n\n١٩٣٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، عن عَوفٍ، عن أبي رَيحانَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن مُعاقَرَةِ الأعرابِ. قال أبو داودَ: غُندَرٌ أوقَفَه على ابنِ عباسٍ. قال أبو داودَ: اسمُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"على معنى\".\n(^٢) الشافعي في السنن المأثورة ١/ ٣٤١.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٩٢ - ٩٤.","vol":"19","page":422},{"text":"أبى رَيحانَةَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَطَرٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزَّوزَنِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافط، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا عَقْرَ في الإِسلامِ\". قال أبو زَكَريّا: العَقرُ يَعنِى الأعرابَ عِندَ الماءِ، يَعقِرُ هذا ويَعقِرُ هذا، فيأكُلونَ لِغَيرِ اللهِ ورسولِه (^٢).\nوقالَ أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: مُعاقَرَةُ الأعرابِ أن يَتَبَارَى الرَّجُلانِ، كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما يُجادِلُ صاحِبَه، فيَعقِرُ هذا عَدَدًا مِن إبِلِه ويَعقِرُ صاحِبُه، فأَيُّهُما كان أكثَرَ عَقرًا غَلَبَ صاحِبَه، وكَرِهَ لُحومَها لِئَلَّا يَكونَ ممّا أُهِلَّ (^٣) لِغَيرِ اللهِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ الأيلِيِّ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ يَرفَعُ الحديثَ، أنَّه نَهَى عن\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٢٠). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٤٦): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) تقدم في (٧١٥٠).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"به\".\n(^٤) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٧٨.","vol":"19","page":423},{"text":"ذَبائحِ الجِنِّ. قال: وذَبائحُ الجِنِّ أن تُشتَرَى الدَّارُ، أو تُستَخرَجَ العَينُ وما أشبَهَ ذَلِكَ، فيُذبَحَ لَها ذَبيحَةٌ لِلطِّيَرَةِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهَذا التَّفسيرُ في الحديثِ، ومَعناه أنَّهُم يَتَطَيَّرونَ إلَى هذا الفِعلِ مَخافَةَ أنَّهُم إن لَم يَذبَحوا فيُطعِموا أن يُصيبَهُم فيها شَئٌ مِنَ الجِنِّ يُؤذيهِم، فأَبطَلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - هذا ونَهَى عَنه (^١).\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٢/ ٢٢١.","vol":"19","page":424},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4077>جماعُ أبوابِ ما يَحِلُّ ويَحرُمُ مِنَ الحَيَواناتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4078>بابُ ما يَحرُمُ مِن جِهَةِ ما لا تأكُلُ العَرَبُ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٧].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما تَكونُ الطَّيِّباتُ والخَبائثُ عِندَ الآكِلينَ كانوا لَها، وهم العَرَبُ الَّذينَ سأَلوا عن هذا ونَزَلَت فيهِمُ الأحكامُ. قال: وسَمِعتُ بَعضَ أهلِ العِلمِ يَقولونَ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥] يَعنِى: ممّا كُنتُم تأكُلونَ. ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً﴾ وما ذُكِرَ بَعدَها. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وهَذا أولَى مَعانِيه استِدلالًا بالسُّنَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُهُم، أن ابنَ شِهابٍ حَدَّثَهُم، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٧.","vol":"19","page":425},{"text":"أبى ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أكلِ كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ. قال: وتابَعَه يونُسُ. وجَماعَةٌ ذَكَرَهُم، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الطَّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ وابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ ويونُسَ، وعن هارونَ الأيلِىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن عمرٍو (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىِّ (ح). وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِى أبو إدريسَ الخَولانِيُّ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أكلِ كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ. وفِي رِوايَةِ الحُمَيدِىِّ: السَّبُعِ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: ولَم أسمَعْ هذا الحديثَ حَتَّى أتَيتُ الشَّامَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ مَعمَرٍ ويوسُفَ الماجِشونِ وصالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٨٩٦)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٩٦، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٨٠٢)، والترمذي (١٤٧٧)، وابن حبان (٥٢٧٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٣٠)، ومسلم (١٩٣٢/ ١٣، ١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧١٦)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٤٨، والحميدى (٨٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٤٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧٨٠)، ومسلم (١٩٣٢/ ١٢،. . .).","vol":"19","page":426},{"text":"١٩٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشَّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ بنِ سُفيانَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أَكْلُ كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ حَرامٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٣٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا يوسفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا مالكٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"كُلُّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ فأَكلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ وأَبِى بشرٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ وكُلِّ ذِى مِخلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيرِ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن أبي داودَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧١٩)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٤٨، ومالك ٢/ ٤٩٦، ومن طريقه مسلم (١٩٣٣/. . .)، وابن حبان (٥٢٧٨).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٩٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٢٤)، والنسائي (٤٣٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٣) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٣٣/ ١٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٩٢).","vol":"19","page":427},{"text":"وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن الحَكَمِ هَكَذا مَرفوعًا (^١).\n\n١٩٣٨٦ - ومِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ عن أبي بشرٍ كما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى عن أَكْلِ كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ، وعن كُلِّ ذِى مِخلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيرِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٨٧ - ورَواه عليُّ بنُ الحَكَمِ البُنانِىُّ عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ. أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن كُلِّ (^٤) ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ، وعن كُلِّ ذِى مِخلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيرِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٣٤/ ٢، ١٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠١١٠)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٤٧٤)، من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٣٤/. . .).\n(^٤) في س: \"أكل\"، وفي م: \"أكل كل\"، وكان في الأصل أيضًا: \"أكل\". وضبب عليها، وفى الحاشية كالمثبت وصحح عليها.\n(^٥) مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى (٦٧١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣١٤١) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. والنسائي (٤٣٥٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٤٧٩) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.","vol":"19","page":428},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ أبي عَدِىٍّ عن سعيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُه، أن نافِعًا أخبَرَهُم، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ ليسَ على المُحرِمِ في قَتلِهِنَّ جُناحٌ؛ الغُرابُ والحِدَأَةُ والفأرَةُ والعَقرَبُ والكَلبُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵁ -، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِثلَه (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٤)، وأبو يعلى (٢٦٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي عدى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٨٦). وتقدم في (١٠١٣٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٨٢٦)، ومسلم (١١٩٩/ ٧٦).\n(^٤) مالك ١/ ٣٥٦، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٢٢٨)، والبخاري (٣٣١٥).\n(^٥) في م: \"عبيد الله\".\nوالحديث عند البخاري عقب (١٨٢٦)، ومسلم (١١٩٩/ ٧٩).","vol":"19","page":429},{"text":"أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَمسٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ لا جُناحَ في قَتلِهِنَّ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الغُرابُ والفأرَةُ والحِدَأَةُ والعَقرَبُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَمسٌ فواسِقُ يُقتَلنَ في الحَرَمِ: العَقرَبُ والحِدَأَةُ والغُرابُ الأبقَعُ والفأرَةُ والكَلبُ العَقورُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن القَواريرِىِّ عن يَزيدَ، إلَّا أنَّهُما لَم يَقولا: \"الأبقَعُ\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سِنانٍ الزَّاهِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ وأبو موسَى قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"خَمسٌ فواسِقُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٣٢٣٣). وتقدم في (١٠١٣٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٩/ ٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٢٣)، والترمذي (٨٣٧)، وابن حبان (٥٦٣٣) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. والنسائي (٢٨٩٠) من طريق معمر به. وتقدم في (١٠١٢٧).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٣١٤)، ومسلم (١١٩٨/ ٦٩).","vol":"19","page":430},{"text":"يُقتَلنَ في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ؛ الحَيَّةُ، والغُرابُ الأبقَعُ، والفأرَةُ، والكَلبُ العَقورُ، والحُدَيّا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ وأَبِى موسَى وذَكَرَ فيه: \"الأبقَعُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ البُرجُلانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ هاشِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ المَسعودِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الحَيَّةُ فاسِقَةٌ، والعَقرَبُ فاسِقَةٌ، والفأرَةُ فاسِقَةٌ، والغُرابُ فاسِقٌ\". فقال إنسانٌ لِلقاسِمِ: أيُؤكَلُ الغُرابُ؟ قال: ومَن يأكُلُ الغُرابَ بَعدَ قَولِ رَسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"فاسِقٌ\" (^٣)؟!\n\n١٩٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى نُعْمٍ البَجَلِيُّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عَمّا يَقتُلُ المُحرِمُ قال: \"الحَيَّةَ والعَقرَبَ والفوَيسِقَةَ، ويَرمِى الغُرابَ ولا يَقتُلُه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٩) عن بندار وحده. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٦١)، وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٧) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وتقدم في (١٠١٢٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٨/ ٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٥٣، ٢٦٠١٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٤٩) من طريق عبد الرحمن المسعودى به. وتقدم في (١٠١٢٦).","vol":"19","page":431},{"text":"والكَلبَ العَقورَ والحِدَأَةَ والسَّبُعَ العادِىَ\" (^١).\nورُوِّينا في الحَجِّ حَديثَ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في قَتلِ الحَيَّةِ والذِّئبِ (^٢)، ورُوِّينَا حَديثَ سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقَّاصٍ وغَيرِه في قَتلِ الوَزَغِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٣٩٥ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أُمِّ شَريكٍ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - أمَرَ بقَتلِ الأوزاغِ وقالَ: \"إنَّه كان يَنفُخُ على إبراهيمَ ﵇\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ موسَى، أو عن رَجُلٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ] (^٥) عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٦).\n\n١٩٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَحبورٍ الدَّهّانُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزَّازُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ المِهرانِيُّ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (١٥٨٧)، والمعرفة (٣٢٣٨)، وأبو داود (١٨٤٨)، وأحمد (١٠٩٩٠). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٤٠٠)، وتقدم في (١٠١٣٥).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠١٣٧).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠١٤٢).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٠٢). وتقدم في (١٠١٤٣) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به مختصرًا.\n(^٥) في س، م: \"وجه آخر\".\n(^٦) البخاري (٣٣٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٢٣٧/ ١٤٣).","vol":"19","page":432},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ ابنُ بُردٍ الأنطاكِىُّ قالا: حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بنُ جَميلٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: مَن يأكُلُ الغُرابَ وقَد سَمّاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاسِقًا؟! واللهِ ما هو مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ (^١). سَقَطَ مِن كِتابِى: عن الدَّهّانِ عن أبيه. وهو فيهِ.\n\n١٩٣٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويه الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، وعن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: إنِّي لأعجَبُ مِمَّن يأكُلُ الغُرابَ وقَد أذِنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - في قَتلِه لِلمُحرِمِ وسَمَّاه فاسِقًا؟! واللهِ ما هو مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٣٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ، عن أبيه قال: سُئلَ عن الغُرابِ: مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ هوَ؟ قال: كَيفَ يَكونُ مِنَ الطَيِّباتِ وقَد سَمّاه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - الفاسِقَ (^٣)؟!. لَم يُجاوِزْ به عُروَةَ.\n\n١٩٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٢٤٨) من طريق أبى الأزهر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطابى في غريب الحديث ١/ ٦٠٤ من طريق أبى أويس به، برواية عمرة عن عائشة. وابن أبى شيبة (١٥٩٧٣) من طريق هشام بن عروة به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حزم ٨/ ٩١، ٩٢، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٨/ ٢٨٧ من طريق هشام به.","vol":"19","page":433},{"text":"أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الهاشِمِيُّ بحَلَبَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سأَلتُ الحَكَمَ عن أكلِ الغِربانِ فقالَ: أمَّا هذه السُّودُّ الكِبارُ فإِنِّى أكرَهُ أكلَها، وأَمَّا تِلكَ الصِّغارُ التي يُقالُ لَها: الزَّاغُ (^١). فلا بأسَ بأَكلِهِ.\n\n١٩٤٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ زَيدٍ مِن أهلِ صَنعاءَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن أكلِ الهِرَّةِ وأَكلِ ثَمَنِها (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الصَّنعانِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَن قَتلِ أربَعَةٍ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ؛ النَّملَةِ والنَّحلَةِ والهُدهُدِ والصُّرَدِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أبو ثابِتٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) الزاغ: نوع من الغربان صغير يأكل الحب، ويقال له: غراب الزرع. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٢٥، وفتح الباري ٤/ ٣٨.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٧٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٤. وتقدم في (١١١٤٢).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٠٣)، والمعرفة (٣٢٤٥). وتقدم في (١٠١٦٢).","vol":"19","page":434},{"text":"حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - نَحوَه (^١).\n\n١٩٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: وسَمِعتُ ابنَ جُرَيجٍ (^٢)، عَمَّن حَدَّثَه، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"أربَعَةٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ لا يُقتَلنَ؛ النَّملَةُ والنَّحلَةُ والهُدهُدُ والصُّرَدُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا (^٤) ابنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: حُدِّثتُ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن قَتلِ النَّملَةِ والنَّحلَةِ والصُّرَدِ والهُدهُدِ. قال يَحيَى: ورأَيتُ في كِتابِ سُفيانَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبي لَبيدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، يَعنِى هذا الحديثَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر العلل لابن أبي حاتم ٦/ ١٦٥.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"يحدث\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٨٦٨) من طريق بحر بن نصر به. وابن حبان (٥٦٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"أحمد\".\n(^٥) أحمد (٣٢٤٢). وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٥٥ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به.","vol":"19","page":435},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ قُتَيبَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ الرَّملِيُّ قالا: حدثنا وارِثُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا خارِجَةُ هو ابنُ مُصعَبٍ، عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ سُهَيلٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن أكلِ الرَّخَمَةِ (^١). لَم أكتُبْه إلَّا بهَذا الإِسنادِ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ.\n\n١٩٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ هو القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ المُهَيمِنِ بنُ عباسِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ السّاعِدِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي يَذكُرُ عن جَدِّي، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، أنَّه نَهَى عن قَتلِ الخَمسَةِ؛ عن النَّملَةِ والنَّحلَةِ والضِّفدِعِ والصُّرَدِ والهُدهُدِ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به عبدُ المُهَيمِنِ بنُ عباسٍ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣)، وحَديثُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أقوَى ما ورَدَ في هذا البابِ.\n\n١٩٤٠٧ - وأَقوَى ما ورَدَ في الضِّفدِعِ ما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ (^٤) بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ٩٢٤، ٩٢٥.\nوالرخمة: طائر أبقع على شكل النسر خلقة إلا أنه مبقع بسواد وبياض. التاج ٣٢/ ٢٣٦ (ر خ م).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٥٧٢٨) من طريق عبد المهيمن بن عباس بن سهل به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٤٠٢٤).\n(^٤) في الأصل: \"يوسف يعقوب\"، وكتب فوقها: \"ح ر\"، وفي الحاشية: \"يوسف بن يعقوب\" وكتب فوقها: \"ص\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ٣٢٤.","vol":"19","page":436},{"text":"خالِدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عثمانَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي تَيمٍ، قال: ذَكَروا الضِّفدِعَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِدَواءٍ فنَهَى عن قَتلِها (^١).\n\n١٩٤٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ أبي الحوَيرِثِ المُرادِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، أنَّه نَهَى عن قَتلِ الخَطاطيفِ وقالَ: \"لا تَقتُلوا هذه العُوَّذَ (^٢)، إنَّها تَعوذُ بكُم مِن غَيرِكُم\".\nورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ عن عَبّادِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن أبيه قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الخَطاطيفِ عُوَّذِ البُيوتِ (^٣). وكِلاهُما مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد رَوَى حَمزَةُ النَّصيبِيُّ (^٤) فيه حَديثًا مُسندًا، إلَّا أنَّه كان يُرمَى بالوَضعِ.\n\n١٩٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبي سُفيانَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٠٤). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٠٥٨)، وأحمد (١٥٧٥٧، ١٦٠٦٩)، وأبو داود (٣٨٧١، ٥٢٦٩)، والنسائي (٤٣٦٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧٩).\n(^٢) العُوَّذ: ما يلوذ بجبل أو غيره مما يمنعه. ينظر التاج ٩/ ٤٤١ (ع وذ).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٨٤).\n(^٤) هو حمزة بن أبي حمزة واسمه ميمون، الجعفي الجزري النصيبي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٥٣، والجرح والتعديل ٣/ ٢١٠، والمجروحين ١/ ٢٦٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٣٢٣. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٩٩: متروك متهم بالوضع.","vol":"19","page":437},{"text":"محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - أنَّها قالَت: كانَتِ الأوزاغُ يَومَ أُحرِقَت بَيتُ المَقدِسِ جَعَلَت تَنفُخُ النّارَ بأَفواهِها، والوَطواطُ يُطفِئُها بأَجنِحَتِها. قال أبو نَصرٍ يَعنِي عبدَ الوَهّابِ بنَ عَطاءٍ: هو الخُفّاشُ (^١).\n\n١٩٤١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائيُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو - ﵄ - قال: لا تَقتُلوا الضَّفادِعَ؛ فإِنَّ نَقيقَها تَسبيحٌ، ولا تَقتُلوا الخُفّاشَ؛ فإِنَّه لما خَرِبَ بَيتُ المَقدِسِ قال: يا رَبِّ سَلِّطْنِي على البحرِ حَتَّى أُغرِقَهُم (^٢). فهَذانِ مَوقوفانِ في الخُفّاشِ، وإِسنادُهُما صَحيحٌ.\nفالَّذِي أُمِرَ بقَتلِه في الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ يَحرُمُ أكلُه؛ إذ لَو كان حَلالًا لَما أُمِرَ بقَتلِه في الحَرَمِ ولا في الإحرامِ وقَد نَهَى اللهُ عن قَتلِ الصَّيدِ في الإحرامِ، والَّذِي نُهِيَ عن قَتلِه يَحرُمُ أكلُه؛ إذ لَو كان حَلالًا لأُمِرَ بذَبحِه ولَما نُهِي (^٣) عن قَتلِه كما لَم يُنْهَ عن قَتلِ ما يَحِلُّ ذَبحُه وأَكلُه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4079>بابُ ما جاءَ في الضَّبُعِ والثَّعلَبِ</span>\n\n١٩٤١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٤٧٠، والفاكهي في أخبار مكة ٣/ ٣٩٨ من طريق حنظلة بن أبي سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٨٤ من طريق قتادة به مقتصرًا على ذكر الضفادع.\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"عنه ولما نهى\".","vol":"19","page":438},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي عَمّارٍ أنَّه قال: قُلتُ لجابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ -: آكُلُ الضَّبُعَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أصَيدٌ هِيَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قُلتُ: أسَمِعتَ ذَلِكَ مِن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -؟ قال: نَعَم (^١).\n\n١٩٤١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مسلمٌ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه، زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وما يُباعُ لَحمُ الضِّباعِ بمَكَّةَ إلَّا بَينَ الصَّفا والمَروَةِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ حَدَّثَه (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ وجَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ حَدَّثَهُم، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبي عَمّارٍ أنَّه سأَلَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عن الضَّبُعِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٦١). وسيأتي في الحديث بعد الآتي.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٢٣)، والشافعي في الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٤٦٥) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به. وأحمد (١٤١٦٥)، =","vol":"19","page":439},{"text":"١٩٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ الصّائغُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الضَّبُعُ صَيدٌ، وجَزاؤُها كَبشٌ مُسِنٌّ، وتُؤكَلُ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ السُّلَمِيِّ صاحِبِ الدَّثنيَّةِ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في الضَّبُعِ؟ فقالَ: \"لا آكُلُه ولا أنهَى عنه\" (^٢). قُلتُ: ما لَم تَنهَ عنه فأَنا آكُلُه. قال: قُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في الضَّبِّ؟ قال: \"لا آكُلُه ولا أنهَى عنه\". قال: قُلتُ: ما لَم تَنهَ عنه فإِنِّي آكُلُه. قال: قُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في الأرنَبِ؟ قال: \"لا آكُلُها ولا أُحَرِّمُها\". قال: قُلتُ: ما لَم تُحَرِّمْه فإِنِّي آكُلُه. قال: قُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في الذِّئبِ؟ قال: \"أوَيأكُلُ ذَلِكَ أحَدٌ؟! \". فقُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، ما تَقولُ في الثَّعلَبِ؟ قال: \"أوَيأكُلُ ذَلِكَ أحَدٌ؟! \" (^٣)\n_________\n= وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٦)، وأبو يعلى (٢١٢٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن أمية به. وتقدم في (٩٩٦١، ٩٩٦٢).\n(^١) تقدم في (٩٩٦٣).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩٠. وأخرجه الروياني في مسنده (١٤٦٣)، وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٢/ ١٦٧، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٦٧٠) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وقال ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ١٦٥: حديث ضعيف، وإسناده ليس بالقائم عند أهل العلم، وهو يدور =","vol":"19","page":440},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عن عبدِ الكَريمِ بنِ أبي المُخارِقِ عن حِبّانَ بنِ جَزِيٍّ (^١) عن أخيه خُزَيمَةَ قال: قَدِمتُ على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). فذَكَرَ الحديثَ يوافِقُ السُّلَمِيَّ في بَعضِ حَديثِه ويُخالِفُه في بَعضِه، وفِي كِلا الإِسنادَينِ ضَعفٌ. ورُوِّينا في كِتابِ الحَجِّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعَلِيِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵃ -، أنَّهُم جَعَلوا في الضَّبُعِ كَبشًا إذا أصابَه المُحرِمُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا أبو المِنهالِ نَصرُ بنُ أوسٍ الطّائيُّ كوفِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: سأَلتُ أبا هريرةَ عن ولَدِ الضَّبُعِ فقالَ: ذاكَ الفُرْعُلُ (^٤)، نَعجَةٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (^٥).\n_________\n= علي أبي محمد، رجل مجهول، وهو حديث لا يصح عندهم، وعبد الرحمن بن معقل لا يعرف إلا بهذا الحديث، ولا تصح صحبته. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩١٠: الحسن بن أبي جعفر ضعفوه، وأبوه مجهول.\n(^١) في س: \"جدي\" وفي م: \"جزء\"، وفوقها في الأصل: \"صح\"، وفي حاشيتها: \"بخطه فتح الجيم فيه مع كسر الزاي قول عبد الغني بن سعيد وقد قيل. . . . الجيم والله أعلم\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف لعبد الغني بن سعيد ص ٥٩، وتوضيح المشتبه ٢/ ٣٠٨، ٣٠٩، وينظر الإصابة ٣/ ٢١٧ (ترجمة خزيمة بن جزى).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠٦، والترمذي (١٧٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٧) من طريق عبد الكريم به. وقال الترمذي: ليس إسناده بالقوي.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم في (٩٩٦٥ - ٩٩٧١، ٩٩٧٣).\n(^٤) في س: \"الرعل\".\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٢٣٧. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٥٥)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٩٤ من طريق أبي المنهال نصر بن أوس به.","vol":"19","page":441},{"text":"١٩٤١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ الرُّؤاسِيُّ، عن نَصرِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن عَمِّه، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الضَّبُعِ فقالَ: الفُرعُلُ، تِلكَ نَعجَةٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: الفُرعُلُ عِندَ العَرَبِ ولَدُ الضَّبُعِ، والَّذِي يُرادُ مِن هذا الحديثِ قَولُه: نَعجَةٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ. يقولُ: إنَّها حَلالٌ بمَنزِلَةِ الغَنَمِ (^١).\n\n١٩٤١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحبوبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَجيدِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: أتاهُم كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وهُم في بَعضِ المَغازِي: بَلَغَنِي أنَّكُم في أرضٍ تأكُلونَ طَعامًا يُقالُ له: الجُبنُ. فانظُروا ما حَلالُه مِن حَرامِه، وتَلبَسونَ الفِراءَ، فانظُروا ذَكيَّه مِن مَيتِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ القاسِمُ بنُ القاسِمِ السَّيّارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ الدَّشتَكِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي يونُسُ بنُ خَبّابٍ، عن أبي عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن سَلمانَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الجُبنِ والسَّمنِ والفِراءِ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"الحَلالُ ما أحَلَّ اللهُ في القُرآنِ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩١٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٧٤٧). وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩١٠: سنده جيد.","vol":"19","page":442},{"text":"والحَرامُ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ في القُرآنِ، وما سَكَتَ عنه فقَد عَفا عنه\" (^١).\nورَواه سَيفُ بنُ هارونَ عن التَّيمِيِّ عن أبي عثمانَ عن سَلمانَ مَرفوعًا إلَّا أنَّه قال: في كِتابِه (^٢). وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4080>بابُ ما جاءَ في الأرنَبِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: أنفَجْنا (^٣) أرنَبًا بمَرِّ الظَّهرانِ، فسَعَى القَومُ فلَغَبوا (^٤) فأَدرَكتُها فأَخَذتُها، فذَهَبتُ بها إلَى أبي طَلحَةَ فذَبَحَها، وبَعَثَ مِنها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بوَرِكِها وفخِذِها - قال: فخِذُها لا أشُكُّ فيه - فقَبِلَه، قُلتُ: وأَكَلَ مِنهُ؟ قال: أكَلَ مِنه. ثُمَّ قال بَعدُ: قَبِلَه (^٥)، رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^٦).\n\n١٩٤٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٧٦٥) من طريق يونس بن خباب عن أبي عبيد الله به موقوفًا على سلمان.\n(^٢) سيأتي مسندًا في (١٩٧٥٥).\n(^٣) أنفجنا: أي أثرنا. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٤٢٣.\n(^٤) لغبوا: أعيوا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦١.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩١١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٨٢، ١٢٧٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٤٣) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٣٧٩١) من طريق هشام بن زيد به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٥٧٢).","vol":"19","page":443},{"text":"قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: أنفَجْنا أرنَبًا ونَحنُ بمَرِّ الظَّهرانِ، فسَعَى القَومُ فلَغَبوا، فأَخَذتُها فجِئتُ بها إلَى أبي طَلحَةَ فذَبَحَها، وبَعَثَ [بوَرِكَيها وفَخِذَيها] (^١) إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقَبِلَها (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ نَحوَ حَديثِ أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\nورَواه عَفّانُ عن شُعبَةَ قال فيه: قُلتُ: أكَلَها؟ قال: قَبِلَها.\n\n١٩٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا عاصِمٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ محمدٍ أو محمدِ بنِ صَفوانَ: أنَّه اصَّادَ (^٤) أرنَبَينِ فلَم يَجِدْ حَديدَةً يُذَكّيهِما بها، فذَكّاهُما بمَروَةٍ (^٥)، فأَتَى رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له فأَمَرَه بأَكلِهما (^٦).\n\n١٩٤٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"بوركها وفخذها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطيالسي (٢١٧٩)، والترمذي (١٧٨٩)، والدارمي (٢٠٥٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٣٥)، ومسلم (١٩٥٣/ ٥٣،. . .).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"صاد\". واصَّاد أصلها اصطاد، فقلبت الطاء صادًا وأدغمت، مثل اصَّبر في اصطبر. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٦٥، وفتح الباري ٤/ ٢٦.\n(^٥) المروة: حجر أبيض براق. وقيل: التي يقدح منها النار. والمراد في الذبح جنس الأحجار لا المروة نفسها. النهاية ٤/ ٣٢٣.\n(^٦) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٨٢٢)، والنسائي (٤٣٢٤)، وابن حبان (٥٨٨٧) من طريق عاصم الأحول به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٤٨).","vol":"19","page":444},{"text":"الشَّعبِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن محمدِ بنِ صَفوانَ، أنَّه صادَ أرنَبًا فذَبَحَها بمَروَةٍ، فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فأَمَرَه بأَكلِها (^١).\nتابَعَه داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن محمدِ بنِ صَفوانَ.\n\n١٩٤٢٤ - أخبرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبي أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ صَفوانَ، أنَّه مَرَّ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بأَرنَبَينِ فعَلَّقَهُما (^٢)، وقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اصطَدتُ هَذَينِ الأرنَبَينِ فلَم أجِدْ حَديدَةً أُذَكّيهِما بها، فذَبَحتُهُما بمَروَةٍ، فآكُلُ؟ قال: \"كُلْ\" (^٣).\nوقيلَ: عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ. وحَديثُ ابنِ صَفوانَ أصحُّ، قالَه البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٢٥ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قِراءَةً وأبو محمدٍ عُبَيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ مَهدِيٍّ القُشَيرِيُّ لَفظًا قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبي عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٧٠)، والطبراني ١٩/ ٢٣٦ (٥٢٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) ضبب عليها في الأصل، وعند أحمد وابن ماجه: \"معلقهما\". وأحال الترمذي على الرواية السابقة وفيها: \"فتعلقهما\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٧١)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٣، والنسائي (٤٤١١)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٤٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٤.","vol":"19","page":445},{"text":"غُلامًا مِن قَومِه اصَّادَ (^١) أرنَبًا فذَبَحَها بمَروَةٍ، فتَعَلَّقَها فسأَلَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن أكلِها فأَمَرَه بأَكلِها (^٢).\nويُروَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن قَتادَةَ بنَحوِه، وأَرسَلَه هَمّامٌ عن قَتادَةَ.\n\n١٩٤٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: جاءَ غُلامٌ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ بأَرنَبٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَتُلُّها (^٣)، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي دَخَلتُ أُحُدًا فاصطَدتُ هذه الأرنَبَ، فلَم أجِدْ ما أذبَحُها به فذَكَّيتُها بمَروَةٍ. قال: \"كُلْها\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، عن أبي حَنيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي موسَى بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ الحَوتَكيَّةِ قال: سُئلَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - عن الأرنَبِ فقالَ: لَولا أنِّي أكرَهُ أن أزيدَ في هذا الحديثِ أو أنقُصَ مِنه لَحَدَّثتُكُم به، ولَكِن سأُرسِلُ إلَى مَن شَهِدَ ذَلِكَ. فأَرسَلَ إلَى عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ فقالَ له: حَدِّثْ هَؤُلاءِ حَديثَ الأرنَبِ. فقالَ عَمّارٌ: أهدَى أعرابِيٌّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أرنَبًا مَشويَّةً\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"صاد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٤٧٢)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١١٨٧ - مسند عمر بن الخطاب) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به.\n(^٣) في س: \"يشيلها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٨٦)، والبغوي في الجعديات (٢٠٩٠) من طريق جابر به.","vol":"19","page":446},{"text":"وأَمَرَنا بأَكلِها ولَم يأكُلْ، واعتَزَلَ رَجُلٌ فلَم يأكُلْ، فقالَ له: \"ما لَكَ؟ \" فقالَ: إنِّي صائمٌ. فقالَ: \"صَومُ ماذا؟ \". فقالَ: صَومُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مِن كُلِّ شَهرٍ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أفَلا جَعَلتَهُنَّ البيضَ؟ \". فقالَ الأعرابِيُّ: إنِّي رأَيتُ بها دَمًا. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"لَيسَ بشَيءٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٤٢٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو يَحيَى، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى، عن موسَى مِثلَه، إلَّا أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أفَلا جَعَلتَهُنَّ البيضَ، ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وأَربَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وخَمسَ عَشْرَةَ؟! \" (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا المَسعودِيُّ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ الحَوتَكيَّةِ قال: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ بأَرنَبٍ فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذه القِصَّةِ ولَم يَذكُرِ المَسأَلَةَ عن غَيرِ عَمّارٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن زائدَةَ بنِ قُدامَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو حنيفة في مسنده ٢/ ٢٣١، ومن طريقه أبو يعلى (١٦١٢). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٧٨٧٤، ٨٦٩٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢١٢٧) من طريق موسى بن طلحة به، وعندهما: أبو ذر. بدلًا من: عمار.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٤١)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١١٧٩ - مسند عمر بن الخطاب) من طريق طلحة بن يحيى به.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٠) من طريق المسعودي به. والنسائي (٤٣٢٢) من طريق حكيم بن جبير به.","vol":"19","page":447},{"text":"طَلحَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ لأبِي ذَرٍّ وعَمّارٍ وأَبِي الدَّرداءِ - ﵃ -: أتَذكُرونَ يَومَ كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَكانِ كَذا وكَذا فأَتاه أعرابِيٌّ بأَرنَبٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي رأَيتُ بها دَمًا. فأَمَرَنا بأَكلِها ولَم يأكُلْ؟ قالوا: نَعَم. ثُمَّ قال له: \"ادنُهِ اطعَمْ\". قال: إنِّي صائمٌ (^١). لَم يَذكُرِ ابنَ الحَوتَكيَّةِ في إسنادِهِ.\n\n١٩٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبي خالِدَ بنَ الحوَيرِثِ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو - ﵄ - كان بالصِّفاحِ مَكانٍ بمَكَّةَ، وأَنَّ رَجُلًا جاءَنا بأَرنَبٍ قَد صادَها فقالَ: يا عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو ما تَقولُ؟ قال: قَد جِئَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا جالِسٌ فلَم يأكُلْها ولَم يَنهَ عن أكلِها، وزَعَمَ أنَّها تَحيضُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4081>بابُ ما جاءَ في حِمارِ الوَحشِ، وما أكَلَته العَرَبُ في غَيرِ الضَّرورَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ قال: كان أبو قَتادَةَ في قَومٍ مُحرِمينَ، فعَرَضَ لَهُم حِمارُ وحشٍ فلَم يُؤذِنوه حَتَّى أبصَرَه هو، فاختَلَسَ مِن رَجُلٍ مِنهُم سَوطًا فحَمَلَ عَلَيه فصَرَعَه، وأَتاهُم به فأَكَلوه، فلَقُوا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فسأَلوه فقالَ: \"هَل أشارَ إلَيه إنسانٌ مِنكُم بشَيءٍ؟ \". فقالوا: لا.\n_________\n(^١) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل ٢/ ٢٢٦ من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٧٩٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٨١).","vol":"19","page":448},{"text":"فقالَ: \"كُلوا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن أوجُهٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي قَتادَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ التَّيمِيُّ، عن عيسَى بنِ طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ سلمةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ، أنَّه أخبَرَ عن البَهزِيِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَرَجَ يُريدُ مَكَّةَ وهو مُحرِمٌ، حَتَّى إذا كان بالرَّوحاءِ إذا حِمارٌ وحشِيٌّ عَقيرٌ، فذُكِرَ لِرسولِ الله - ﷺ - فقالَ (^٣): \"دَعوه فإِنَّه يوشِكُ أن يأتِيَ صاحِبُه\". فجاءَ البَهزِيُّ وهو صاحِبُه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، شأنَكُم بهَذا الحِمارِ. فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أبا بكرٍ فقَسَمَه بَينَ الرِّفاقِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أن أبا الزُّبَيرِ المَكِّيَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: أكَلْنا زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٣٩٦٦) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به. وتقدم في (١٠٠٠٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١١٩٦/ ٦٤)، والبخاري (١٨٢١، ١٨٢٢، ١٨٢٤، ٢٥٧٠، ٢٨٥٤، ٥٤٠٧).\n(^٣) بعده في س: \"رسول الله شأنكم بهذا الحمار\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٠٠١، ١٢٠٨٢، ١٨٩٤٧).","vol":"19","page":449},{"text":"الخَيلَ وحُمُرَ الوَحشِ، ونَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الحِمارِ الأهلِيِّ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِيِّ، أن أبا موسَى قال: رأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يأكُلُ الدَّجاجَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أيّوبَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ المِنقَرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، أخبرَنِي بُرَيْهُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ سَفينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ الهَمَذانِيُّ بها، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ نوحٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ [بابويَه بنُ خالِدِ بنِ بابويَهْ] (^٥)، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ طاهِرٍ أبو الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا بُرَيْهُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ سَفينَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أكَلتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - لَحمَ حُبارَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٥٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩١) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٤١/. . .).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥١٩)، والترمذي (١٨٢٧)، والنسائي (٤٣٥٧) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٥٢٢٢) من طريق أيوب به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وسيأتي في (١٩٥٠٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤٩/. . .)، والبخاري (٤٣٨٥).\n(^٥) في س، م: \"ثنا توبة بن خالد بن بالويه\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٤٣٥) من طريق ابن أبي فديك به. وأبو داود (٣٧٩٧)، والترمذي (١٨٢٨) من =","vol":"19","page":450},{"text":"وقَد مَضَتِ الآثارُ عن الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ في جَزاءِ هذه الصُّيودِ التي ذَكَرناها، وفِي جَزاءِ الوَبرِ واليَربوعِ وغَيرِهِما (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4082>بابُ ما جاءَ في الضَّبِّ</span>\n\n١٩٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ مُعاويَةَ العَطّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن الضَّبِّ فقالَ: \"لَستُ آكِلَه ولا مُحَرِّمَه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ وعُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وأَيّوبَ وغَيرِهِم عن نافِعٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا بُكَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ الحَدّادُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ البَيْهَسِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الضَّبِّ فقالَ:\n_________\n= طريق بريه بن عمر بن سفينة به. وقال الترمذي: حديث غريب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨١٢).\nوالحبارى: طائر طويل العنق، رماي اللون، على شكل الإوزة، في منقاره طول. التاج ١٠/ ٥٠٩ (ح ب ر).\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٩٩٥٠ - ٩٩٨٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٢٦)، والشافعي في مسنده (٦١١ - شفاء العى)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، ومن طريقه النسائي (٤٣٢٦).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٤٣/ ٤٠، ٤١).","vol":"19","page":451},{"text":"\"لَستُ بآكِلِه ولا مُحَرِّمِه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى بنَيسابورَ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن تَوبَةَ العَنبَرِيِّ قال: قال لِي الشَّعبِيُّ: أرأَيتَ الحَسَنَ حينَ يُحَدِّثُ عن النِّبِيِّ - ﷺ -؟! إنَّي جالَستُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قَريبًا مِن سَنَتَينِ فما سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، غَيرَ أنَّه قال ذاتَ يَومٍ: كان ناسٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يأكُلونَ عِندَه ضَبًّا، فيهِم سَعدُ بنُ مالكٍ، فنادَتْهُمُ امرأَةٌ مِن أزواجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّه ضَبٌّ. فأَمسَكَ القَومُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"كُلوا؛ فإِنَّه لَيسَ بحَرامٍ ولا بأسَ به، ولَكِنَّه لَيسَ مِن طَعامِ قَومِي\". وفِي رِوايَةِ أبي زَكَريّا: \"أو: لا بأسَ به\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ وغَيرِه عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٢٧)، والشافعي في مسنده (٦١٢ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٦٢، ٤٥٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٤٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥٣٦)، ومسلم (١٩٤٣/ ٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦٩٨) عن عبد الملك بن محمد به. والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٢٨٤) من طريق وهب بن جرير به. وأحمد (٥٥٦٥، ٦٢١٣)، وابن حبان (٥٢٦٤) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٧٢٦٧)، ومسلم (١٩٤٤/ ٤٢).","vol":"19","page":452},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أشُكُّ أقالَ مالكٌ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ. أو: عن ابنِ عباسٍ وخالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ - ﵃ - أنَّهُما دَخَلا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بَيتَ مَيمونَةَ، فأُتِيَ بضَبٍّ مَحْنوذٍ (^١)، فأَهوَى إلَيه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - بيَدِه، فقالَ بَعضُ النِّسوَةِ اللَّاتِي في بَيتِ مَيمونَةَ: أخبِروا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - بما يُريدُ أن يأكُلَ. فقالوا: هو ضَبٌّ يا رسولَ اللهِ. فرَفَعَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَدَه، فقُلتُ: أحَرامٌ هوَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، ولَكِنَّه لَم يَكُن بأَرضِ قَومِي، فأَجِدُنِي أعافُه\". قال خالِدٌ: فاجْتَرَرْتُه فأَكَلتُه ورسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَنظُرُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٤١ - أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ هو القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ، أنَّه دَخَلَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَيتَ مَيمونَةَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه إسماعيلُ بنُ أبي أوَيْسٍ عن مالكٍ كما رَواه القَعنَبِيُّ.\n_________\n(^١) محنوذ: أي مشوي. معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٢٨)، والشافعي في مسنده (٦١٣ - شفاء العي).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٦٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٩٤) عن القعنبي به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٣٧).","vol":"19","page":453},{"text":"١٩٤٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى هارونُ بنُ موسَى بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ مِهرانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: دَخَلتُ أنا وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - بَيتَ مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه قالَه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ عن مالكٍ (^٣)، وكأَنَّ مالكًا كان يَشُكُّ فيه، والصَّحيحُ رِوايَةُ القَعنَبِيِّ ومَن تابَعَه، وقَد رَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومَعمَرٌ في رِوايَةِ هِشامِ بنِ يوسُفَ عنه، وصالِحُ بنُ كَيسانَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِيِّ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَقيلٍ هو الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنِي خالِدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، أنَّ أبا أُمامَةَ أخبَرَه عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: أُتِيَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو في بَيتِ مَيمونَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٧٠٢)، وابن حبان (٥٢٦٣) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٤٥/ ٤٣).\n(^٣) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٨/ ١٤ ظ، ١٥ و- مخطوط).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٨١٥)، والبخاري (٥٣٩١) من طريق يونس به. ومسلم (١٩٤٦/ ٤٥) من طريق صالح بن كيسان به.","vol":"19","page":454},{"text":"وعِندَه خالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، بلَحمِ ضَبٍّ، فقالَت مَيمونَةُ: أخبِروا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما هوَ. فلَمّا أُخبِرَ تَرَكَه، فقالَ خالِدٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، حَرامٌ هوَ؟ قال: \"لا، ولَكِنِّي أعافُه\". فأَخَذَ خالِدٌ يَتَمَشمَشُ عِظامَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبي الفَوارِسِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ الأصَمِّ قال: دُعينا لِعُرْسٍ بالمَدينَةِ فقُرِّبَ إلَينا طَعامٌ فأَكَلنا، ثُمَّ قُرِّبَ إلَينا ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ ضَبًّا فمِن آكِلٍ وتارِكٍ، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ أتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقُلتُ: تَزَوَّجَ فُلانٌ فقُرِّبَ إلَينا طَعامٌ فأَكَلنا، ثُمَّ قُرِّبَ إلَينا ثَلاثَةَ عَشَرَ ضَبًّا فمِن آكِلٍ وتارِكٍ. فقالَ بَعضُ مَن عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا آكُلُه ولا أحَرِّمُه، ولا آمُرُ به ولا أنهَى عنه\". فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: بئسَ ما تَقولونَ، ما بُعِثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَّا مُحَلِّلًا (^٣) ومُحَرِّمًا؛ قُرِّبَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَحمُ ضَبٍّ فمَدَّ يَدَه ليأكُلَ، فقالَت له مَيمونَةُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّه لَحمُ ضَبٍّ. فكَفَّ يَدَه وقالَ: \"هذا لَحمٌ لَم آكُلْه قَطُّ، فكُلوا\". قال: فأَكَلَ الفَضلُ بنُ عباسٍ وخالِدُ بنُ الوَليدِ وامرأَةٌ كانَت مَعَهُم، وقالَت\n_________\n(^١) يتمشمش عظامه: أي يمصها. ينظر تاج العروس ١٧/ ٣٨٩ (م ش ش).\nوالحديث أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٨٧٥٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٤٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"محلا\".","vol":"19","page":455},{"text":"مَيمونَةُ: لا آكُلُ مِن طَعامٍ لَم يأكُلْ مِنه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن علىِّ بنِ مُسهِرٍ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ إياسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: أَهدَتْ أُمُّ حُفَيدٍ خالَةُ ابنِ عباسٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أَقِطًا (^٣) وسَمنًا وأَضُبًّا، فأَكَلَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِنَ الأَقِطِ والسَّمنِ وتَرَكَ الأضُبَّ تَقَذُّرًا. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فأُكِلَ على مائدَةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ولَو كان حَرامًا ما أُكِلَ على مائدَتِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٠٧)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٠٢ من طريق أسباط به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٤٨/ ٤٧).\n(^٣) الأقط: جبن اللبن المستخرج زُبْدُه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٤٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٩)، وأبو داود (٣٧٩٣)، والنسائي (٤٣٢٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٥٧٥)، ومسلم (١٩٤٧/ ٤٦).","vol":"19","page":456},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ بصَحفَةٍ فيها ضِبابٌ، فقالَ: \"كُلوا فإِنِّي عائفٌ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٤٤٧ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ، سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: أُتِيَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - بضبٍّ فأَبَى أن يأكُلَه، وقالَ: \"إنِّي لا أدرِي لَعَلَّه مِنَ القُرونِ الأُولَى التي مُسِخَت\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣). فهَذا مِثلُ حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ في أنَّه امتَنَعَ مِن أكلِه، وزادَ عَلَيهِما في حِكايَةِ (^٤) عِلَّةٍ أُخرَى لِلامتِناعِ سِوَى التَّقَذُّرِ، وزادَ عَلَيه ما يَدُلُّ على الإباحَةِ.\n\n١٩٤٤٨ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ شَبيبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أعيَنَ، حدثنا مَعقِلٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ قال: سأَلتُ جابِرًا عن الضَّبِّ فقالَ: لا تَطعَموه. وقَذِرَه، وقالَ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ -: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - لَم يُحَرِّمْه، إنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى يَنفَعُ به غَيرَ واحِدٍ؛\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٠٢، وفي شرح المشكل (٣٢٨٨) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر المقدمي به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩١٦: سنده جيد.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (٨٦٨٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٤٦٠).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٤٩).\n(^٤) بعده في س، م: \"علة الامتناع\".","vol":"19","page":457},{"text":"فإِنَّما طَعامُ عامَّةِ الرِّعاءِ مِنه، ولَو كان عِندِي طَعِمتُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن سلمةَ بنِ شَبيبٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه سُلَيمانُ اليَشْكُرِيُّ عن جابِرٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - (^٣).\nوعَلَى هذا حَديثُ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ:\n\n١٩٤٤٩ - أخبرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا داودُ بنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي نَضْرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنّا بأَرضٍ مَضَبَّةٍ (^٤)، فما تأمُرُنا؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بَلَغَنِي أن أُمَّةً مِن بَنِي إسرائيلَ مُسِخَت دَوابَّ (^٥)، ولا أدرِي أيُّ الدَّوابِّ هِيَ\". فلَم يأمُرْه ولَم يَنْهَه (^٦).\n\n١٩٤٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيْبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ مُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عَدِيٍّ، عن داودَ، عن أبي نَضْرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ بمَعنَى هذا الحديثِ، قال أبو سعيدٍ: فلَمّا كان بَعدَ ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٨٤)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٠٠ من طريق أبي الزبير به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٤)، وابن ماجه عقب (٣٢٣٩) من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٤) مضبّة: بفتح الميم والضاد وتشديد الباء، وبضم الميم وكسر الضاد، أي: ذات ضباب كثيرة. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٥٥.\n(^٥) في الأصل، س، م: \"دوابًّا\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١١٤٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن ماجه (٣٢٤٠) من طريق داود بن أبي هند به.","vol":"19","page":458},{"text":"قامَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فقالَ: إنَّ اللهَ لَيَنفَعُ به غَيرَ واحِدٍ، وإِنَّه لَطَعامُ عامَّةِ هذه الرِّعاءِ، ولَو كان عِندِي لَطَعِمتُه؛ إنَّما عافَه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو عَقيلٍ بَشيرُ بنُ عُقبَةَ، حدثنا أبو نَضْرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن أعرابيًّا سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي في حائطٍ مَضَبَّةٍ، وإِنَّه عامَّةُ طَعامِ أهلِي. فسَكَتَ عنه، فقُلنا: عاوِدْه. فعاوَدَه فسَكَتَ عنه، ثُمَّ قُلنا: عاوِدْه. فعاوَدَه الثّالِثَةَ فقالَ: \"يا أعرابِيُّ، إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ غَضِبَ على سِبْطَينِ مِن بَنِي إسرائيلَ فمَسَخَهُم دَوابَّ (^٣) يَدِبّونَ في الأرضِ، فلا أدرِي لَعَلَّها بَعضُها، ولَستُ بناهيكَ عَنها ولا آمِرِكَ بها\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي عَقيلٍ، وقالَ: \"فلَستُ آكُلُها ولا أنهَى عَنها\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّاغانِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠١٣) من طريق ابن أبي عدي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥١/ ٥٠).\n(^٣) في الأصل، س، م: \"دوابًّا\". والمثبت من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٢٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٥٩٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٩٨ من طريق أبي عقيل به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٥١/ ٥١).","vol":"19","page":459},{"text":"حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ حَسَنَةَ قال: كُنّا في سَفَرٍ فأَصابَنا جوعٌ فنَزَلْنا مَنزِلًا كَثيرَ الضِّبابِ، فبَينَما القُدورُ تَغلِي بها إذ قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه مُسِخَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِن بَنِي إسرائيلَ، وأَخافُ أن تَكونَ هذه\". فأَكْفَيْنا القُدورَ (^١). كَذا رَواه الأعمَشُ عن زَيدٍ.\nورَواه الحَكَمُ بنُ عُتَيبَةَ عن زَيدٍ كما:\n\n١٩٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ السُّبعِيُّ (^٢) قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الخَليلُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ القاضِي البُستِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ المُظَفَّرِ البَكرِيُّ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، عن ثابِتِ ابنِ وديعَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - أُتِيَ بضَبٍّ فقالَ: \"أُمَّةٌ مِمَّن مُسِخَ واللهُ أعلمُ\". وفِي رِوايَةِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بضَبٍّ فقالَ: \"إنَّ أُمَّةً مُسِخَت فاللهُ أعلمُ\". كَذا قال الحَكَمُ (^٣).\nورَواه حُصَينٌ عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ عن ثابِتِ ابنِ وديعَةَ، وقيلَ: ثابِتِ بنِ يَزيدَ الأنصارِيِّ (^٤). ويَزيدُ أبوه ووَديعَةُ أُمه، وهو في مَعنَى أحاديثِ مَن قَبلَه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٥٩)، وابن حبان (٥٢٦٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) ضبطها في الأصل بفتح الباء، وفي الأنساب ٣/ ٢١٥ بسكونها. وتقدم في (٤٦٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٣٢)، والنسائي (٤٣٣٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٩٣١)، وأبو داود (٣٧٩٥)، والنسائي (٤٣٣١)، وابن ماجه (٣٢٣٨) من =","vol":"19","page":460},{"text":"ولَيسَ فيه تَحريمٌ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nقال البخاريُّ: حَديثُ ثابِتِ ابنِ وديعَةَ أصَحُّ، وفِي نَفسِ الحديثِ نَظَرٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أُهدِيَ لِرسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - ضَبٌّ فلَم يأكُلْه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا نُطعِمُه المَساكينَ؟ فقالَ: \"لا تُطعِموهُم مِمّا لا تأكُلونَ\" (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به حَمّادُ بنُ أبي سُلَيمانَ مَوصولًا.\nوقيلَ: عنه عن إبراهيمَ، عن عائشةَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٩٤٥٥ - أخبرَناه إبنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أُهدِيَ لَنا ضَبٌّ فقَدَّمتُه إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فلَم يأكُلْ مِنه، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألَا نُطعِمُه السُّؤَّالَ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّا لا نُطعِمُهُم مِمّا لا نأكُلُ\" (^٣).\nوهو - إن ثَبَتَ - في مَعنَى ما تَقَدَّمَ مِنِ امتِناعِه مِن أكلِه، ثُمَّ فيه أنَّه استَحَبَّ ألَّا يُطعِمَ المَساكينَ مِمّا لا يأكُلُ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n= طريق حصين به.\n(^١) علل الترمذي الكبير ص ٢٩٧.\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٤٨٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٣٦) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع - كما في الإتحاف (٦٤٣١) من طريق حماد به بنحوه.","vol":"19","page":461},{"text":"١٩٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ضَمضَمِ بنِ زُرعَةَ، عن شُرَيحِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبي راشِدٍ الحُبرانِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شِبلٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أكلِ الضَّبِّ (^١). وهَذا يَنفَرِدُ به إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ ولَيسَ بحُجَّةٍ (^٢)، وما مَضى في إباحَتِه أصَحُّ مِنه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"ودِدتُ أنَّ عِندَنا خُبزَةً بَيضاءَ مِن بُرَّةٍ سَمراءَ مُلَبَّقَةٍ (^٣) بسَمنٍ ولَبَنٍ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ فاتَّخَذَه فجاءَ به، فسأَلَه: \"في أيِّ شَيءٍ كانَ هذا؟ \". قال: في عُكَّةِ (^٤) ضَبٍّ. فقالَ: \"ارفَعْه\" (^٥). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" وقالَ: هذا حَديثٌ مُنكَرٌ (^٦).\n\n١٩٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩١. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٩٦) من طريق أبي اليمان به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٤٢٢).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مليقة\". وملبّقة: أي مخلوطة خلطًا شديدًا. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٤) العكة: وعاء أصغر من القربة. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨٢.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣٤١) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣٨١٨).","vol":"19","page":462},{"text":"أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فجاءَ ابنٌ له أُراه القاسِمَ، قال: أصَبتَ اليَومَ مِن حاجَتِكَ شَيئًا؟ فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: ما حاجَتُهُ؟ قال: ما رأَيتُ غُلامًا آكَلَ لِضَبٍّ مِنه. فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: أوَلَيسَ بحَرامٍ؟ فسأَلَ: وما حَرَّمَه؟ قال: ألَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُه؟ قال: أوَلَيسَ الرَّجُلُ يَكرَهُ الشَّيءَ ولَيسَ بحَرامٍ؟ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: إنَّ مُحَرِّمَ الحَلالِ كَمُستَحِلِّ الحَرامِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4083>بابُ ما رُوِيَ في القُنفُذِ وحَشَراتِ الأرضِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو ثَورٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الكَلبِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ نُمَيلَةَ (^٢)، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - فسُئلَ عن أكلِ القُنفُذِ؟ فتَلا ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٥] الآيَة. قال شَيخٌ عِندَه: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: ذُكِرَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"خَبيثَةٌ مِنَ الخَبائثِ\". فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -: إن كان قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - هذا فهو كما قالَ (^٣). هذا حَديثٌ لَم يُروَ إلَّا بهَذا الإِسنادِ،\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٥٤٥).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"تميلة\"، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: نميلة هذا بالنون، والله أعلم\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٣/ ٥٢، ٣٠/ ٢٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٧٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٥٤) عن سعيد بن منصور به.","vol":"19","page":463},{"text":"وهو إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ.\n\n١٩٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبي وَحشيَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: جاءَت أُمُّ حُفَيدٍ بضَبٍّ وقُنفُذٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فوَضَعَته بَينَ يَدَيه، فنَحّاه ولَم يأكُلْه (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ. وقَد رُوّيناه مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ عن جَعفَرٍ أبي بشرٍ مَوصولًا دونَ ذِكرِ القُنفُذِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن أبي بشرٍ مَوصولًا دونَ ذِكرِ القُنفُذِ (^٣).\nثُمَّ هذا إن صَحَّ لَم يَدُلَّ على التَّحريمِ، وكأَنَّه عافَه كما عافَ الضَّبَّ.\n\n١٩٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا غالِبُ بنُ حَجْرَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مِلْقَامُ بنُ تَلِبٍّ، عن أبيه قال: صَحِبتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - فلَم أسمَعْ لِحَشَرَةِ الأَرضِ تَحريمًا (^٤). وهَذا إن صَحَّ لَم يَدُلَّ على الإِباحَةِ، وما لَم يَسْمَعْه وسَمِعَه غَيرُه فالحُكمُ لِلسّامِعِ دونَه.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يأكل\". والحديث أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٥٢٩، ٥٣٠ من طريق هوذة به.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٩٤٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٠٤٠)، والبخاري (٥٣٨٩، ٧٣٥٨) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٩٨). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٢٩٩) من طريق موسى بن إسماعيل به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨١٣).","vol":"19","page":464},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - ما دَلَّ على تَحريمِ العَقرَبِ والحَيَّةِ (^١)، فكَذَلِكَ ما في مَعناهُما مِمّا تَستَخبِثُه العَرَبُ ولا تأكُلُه في غَيرِ الضَّرورَةِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4084>بابُ أكلِ لُحومِ الخَيلِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵁ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ، وأَذِنَ في لُحومِ الخَيلِ. قال: ولَم يَذكُرْ سُلَيمانُ في حَديثِه: الأهليَّةَ. وقالَ مُسَدَّدٌ في حَديثِه: قال: نَهانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن حَمّاد بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: ذَبَحْنا يَومَ خَيبَرَ الخَيلَ والبِغالَ والحَميرَ، فنَهانا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن البِغالِ والحَميرِ، ولَم يَنْهَنا عن الخَيلِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر (١٩٣٨٨ - ١٩٣٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٨٨) عن سليمان بن حرب به. وأحمد (١٤٨٩٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٢٧٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسيأتي في (١٩٤٧٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢١٩، ٥٥٢٠، ٥٥٢٤)، ومسلم (١٩٤١/ ٣٦).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٧٨٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٨٤٠)، وابن حبان (٥٢٧٢) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"19","page":465},{"text":"١٩٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نأكُلُ لُحومَ الخَيلِ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: سافَرنا - يَعنِي مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فكُنّا نأكُلُ لُحومَ الخَيلِ ونَشرَبُ ألبانَها (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَكيمٍ أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا فُراتُ بنُ سَلمانَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابِرٍ أنَّهُم كانوا يأكُلونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - لُحومَ الخَيلِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ - ﵄ - قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٩٧) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي (٤٣٤٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٨. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢١١ من طريق شريك به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"19","page":466},{"text":"أكَلنا لَحمَ فرَسٍ على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢)، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أخبرَنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أخبرَنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِ حَديثِ أبي أُسامَةَ، وزادَ فيه: ونَحنُ بالمَدينَةِ (^٤). وذَكَرَه أيضًا عَبْدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن فاطِمَةَ، عن أسماءَ - ﵂ - قالَت: نَحَرْنا فرَسًا على عَهدِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فأَكَلناه (^٦).\n\n١٩٤٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦٤٠) عن الحسن بن علي به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٤٢) عقب (٣٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥١٠)، ومسلم (١٩٤٢/ ٣٨، وعقبه).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦٤٢) عن محمد بن عبد الوهاب به. والدارمي (٢٠٣٥) عن جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٩١٦٠، ١٩١٦٣).\n(^٦) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٣٢)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٥١. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٤/ ١١٢، ١١٣ (٢٩٨، ٣٠٣) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"19","page":467},{"text":"حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن فاطِمَةَ بنتِ المُنذِرِ، عن جَدَّتِها أسماءَ - ﵂ - قالَت: نَحَرنا فرَسًا على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَكَلناه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيِّ (^٢)، وقَد أخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٧١ - أخبرَناه أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ: أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ قال: أكَلْتُ فرَسًا في عَهدِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فوَجَدتُه حُلوًا (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لا بأسَ بلَحمِ الفَرَسِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: غَزَونا مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ إلَى سِجِستانَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وكُنّا نأكُلُ لُحومَ الخَيلِ في غَزاتِنا هَذِهِ (^٦).\nورُوّينا عن إبراهيمَ عن الأسوَدِ أنَّه أكَلَ لَحمَ فرَسٍ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٢٠)، والحميدي (٣٢٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥١٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥١٠، ٥٥١٢)، ومسلم (١٩٤٢/ ٣٨، وعقبه).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٣٣)، والشافعي ٢/ ٢٥١.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٨٥) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٧٦).\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٦٧٩) من طريق إبراهيم به.","vol":"19","page":468},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4085>بابُ بَيانِ ضَعفِ الحديثِ الَّذِي رُوِيَ في النَّهيِ عن لُحومِ الخَيلِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُصَفَّى، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِي ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ المِقدامِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن خالِدِ بنِ الوَليدِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لُحومِ الخَيلِ والبِغالِ والحَميرِ وكُلِّ ذِي نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا ابنُ مُبَشِّرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ الواقِدِيُّ، حدثنا ثَورُ بنُ يَزيدَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: نَهَى يَومَ خَيبَرَ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ حِمْيَرٍ عن ثَورٍ عن صالِحٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ جَدَّه المِقدامَ (^٣).\nورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ هارونَ البَلخِيُّ عن ثَورٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ المِقدامِ عن أبيه عن خالِدٍ (^٤).\nفهَذا إسنادٌ مُضطَرِبٌ، ومَعَ اضطِرابِه مُخالِفٌ لِحَديثِ الثِّقاتِ.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣١٢. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٩٨) عن محمد بن المصفى به. وأحمد (١٦٨١٧)، وأبو داود (٣٧٩٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٤٢، ٤٣٤٣) من طريق بقية به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٧، والواقدي في المغازي ٢/ ٦٦١.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٧ من طريق محمد بن حمير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٨ من طريق عمر به.","vol":"19","page":469},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: صالِحُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ المِقدامِ بنِ مَعديكَرِبَ الكِندِيُّ الشّامِيُّ عن أبيه، رَوَى عنه ثَورٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، فيه نَظَرٌ (^١).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ موسَى بنَ هارونَ يقولُ: لا يُعرَفُ صالِحُ بنُ يَحيَى ولا أبوه إلَّا بجَدِّه، وهَذا ضَعيفٌ، وزَعَمَ الواقِدِيُّ أن خالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ أسلَمَ بَعدَ فتحِ خَيبَر (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4086>بابُ ما جاءَ في أكلِ لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ</span>\n\n١٩٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الخَفّافُ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو وإِبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ قالوا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ والحَسَنِ ابنَى محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيهِما، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن مُتعَةِ النِّساءِ يَومَ خَيبَرَ، وعن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٩٢، ٢٩٣.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٤٢٥٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٠٧/ ٢٩)، والبخاري (٤٢١٦، ٥٥٢٣).","vol":"19","page":470},{"text":"١٩٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِيُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أبي العَنبَسِ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ وسالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أكلِ لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأَهليَّةِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ (ح) قال: وأَخبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنِي مُصَرِّفُ بنُ عمرٍو اليامِيُّ، حدثنا عبدَةُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ وسالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ. زادَ عبدَةُ: يَومَ خَيبَرَ. وقالَ ابنُ نُمَيرٍ: حَدَّثَنِي نافِعٌ وسالِمٌ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن صَدَقَةَ بنِ الفَضلِ عن عبدَةَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٧٨٦، ٦٣١٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٤٨) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٢١٨)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٥٣٨ (٥٦١/ ٢٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٢٩١) من طريق ابن نمير دون ذكر سالم، وفيه: \"يوم خيبر\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٥٢١)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٥٣٨ (٥٦١/ ٢٤).","vol":"19","page":471},{"text":"(ح) وأخبَرنا (^١) أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ، وأَذِنَ في لُحومِ الخَيلِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن حَمّادٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وعَمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ - واللَّفظُ لِسُلَيمانَ - قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن البَراءِ قال: كُنّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فأَصَبنا حُمُرًا فطَبَخناها، فأَمَرَ مُناديًا فنادَى - أو قال: فأَمَرَ فنودِيَ - أن اكفَئوا القُدورَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن ابنِ أبي أوفَى بمِثلِهِ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ وجَعفَرٌ الصّائِغُ قالا: حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩٤٦٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٢٠)، ومسلم (١٩٤١/ ٣٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١١٦)، وأبو عوانة (٧٦٦٤ - ٧٦٦٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٤٢٢١)، ومسلم (١٩٣٨/ ٢٨).","vol":"19","page":472},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ وأَبِي إسحاقَ، عن البَراءِ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى - ﵄ -، أنَّهُم أصابوا يَومَ خَيبَرَ حُمُرًا فطَبَخوها، فنادَى مُنادِي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن اكفَئوها (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن أبي إسحاقَ عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن عامِرٍ، عن البَراءِ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن نُلقِيَ (^٣) لَحمَ حُمُرِ الأهلِيَّةِ نَيِّئَةً ونَضيجَةً، ثُمَّ لَم يأمُرْنا بأَكلِه بَعدَه (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ وصَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٤٧) من طريق عفان دون ذكر أبي إسحاق. وأحمد (١٨٥٧٣)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٢٨) من طريق شعبة دون ذكر عدى.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٣٨/ ٢٩).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"نكفى\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٢٣)، والنسائي (٤٣٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩٤) من طريق عاصم به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٣٨/ ٣١)، والبخاري (٤٢٢٦).","vol":"19","page":473},{"text":"عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: لَمَّا قَدِمنا خَيبَرَ رأَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - نيرانًا توقَدُ فقالَ: \"علامَ توقَدُ هذه النِّيرانُ؟ \". قالوا: على لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ. قال: \"كَسِّروا القُدورَ وأَهْريقوا ما فيها\". قال: فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنُهَريقُ ما فيها ونَغسِلُها؟ قال: \"أو ذاكَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ حَنبَلٍ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٨٤ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ: إنَّهُم يَزعُمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ. قال: قَد كان يقولُ ذَلِكَ الحَكَمُ بنُ عمرٍو عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، ولَكِن أبَى ذَلِكَ البحرُ - يَعنِي ابنَ عباسٍ - وقَرأَ: ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا﴾ الآيَةَ [الأنعام: ١٤٥]. وقَد كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَترُكونَ أشياءَ تَقَذُّرًا، فأَنزَلَ اللهُ تَعالَى كِتابَه وبَيَّنَ حَلالَه وحَرامَه؛ فما أحَلَّ فهو حَلالٌ، وما حَرَّمَ فهو حَرامٌ، وما سَكَتَ عنه فهو عَفْوٌ. ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ﴾ (^٣). فقَد أخرَجَ\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١٦٥١٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٩٥) من طريق يزيد بن أبي عبيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم ٣/ ١٥٤٠ (١٨٠٢)، والبخاري (٢٤٧٧، ٤١٩٦، ٥٤٩٧، ٦١٤٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٧١ وصححه، والحميدي (٨٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٨٦١) من طريق سفيان به. وأبو داود (٣٨٠٨) من طريق عمرو به.","vol":"19","page":474},{"text":"البخاريُّ أوَّلَه في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\nولَو عَلِمَ ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَه تَحريمًا لَم يَصِرْ إلَى غَيرِه، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَعلَمْه.\n\n١٩٤٨٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن عاصِمٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: لا أدرِي أَنَهَى عنه رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - مِن أجلِ أنَّه كان حَمولَةَ النّاسِ فكَرِهَ أن تَذهَبَ حَمولَتُهُم، أو حَرَّمَه في يَومِ خَيبَرَ لَحمَ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبي الحُسَينِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أحمدَ بنِ يوسُفَ الأزدِيِّ (^٣).\nوفِي مِثلِ هذا الحديثُ الَّذِي:\n\n١٩٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥٢٩).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٢٦)، والمعرفة (٥٧٣٧). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٦٧٣) عن أحمد بن يوسف به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٢٧)، ومسلم (١٩٣٩/ ٣٢).","vol":"19","page":475},{"text":"حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ أبي أوفَى يقولُ: أصابَتنا مَجاعَةٌ لَيالِيَ خَيبَرَ. قال: فلَمّا كان يَومُ خَيبَرَ وقَعْنا في الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ فانتَحَرناها، فلَمّا غَلَتِ بها القُدورُ نادَى مُنادِي رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: اكفَئوا القُدورَ ولا تأكُلوا مِن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ شَيئًا. قال: فقالَ ناسٌ: إنَّما نَهَى عَنها رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأنَّها لَم تُخمَّسْ. وقالَ الآخَرونَ: نَهَى عَنها البَتَّةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي كامِلٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي بُكَيرٍ: وقالَ ناسٌ: حَرَّمَها البَتَّةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي كامِلٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ محمدٍ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا وهبٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن ابنِ أبي أوفَى قال: أصابَتنا مَجاعَةٌ يَومَ خَيبَرَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال الشَّيبانِيُّ: فلَقِيتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عَنها البَتَّةَ؛ لأنَّها كانَت تأكُلُ العَذِرَةَ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ عَبّادِ بنِ العَوّامِ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ (^٤).\nوقَد عَلِمَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ - ﵃ - أنَّ النَّهيَ عن ذَلِكَ وقَعَ على التَّحريمِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩١٢٠)، والنسائي (٤٣٥٠)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩٢) من طريق أبي إسحاق الشيباني به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٥٥)، ومسلم (١٩٣٧/ ٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميدي (٧١٦)، وأحمد (١٩٤٠٠) من طريق الشيباني به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٢٢٠).","vol":"19","page":476},{"text":"١٩٤٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي إدريسَ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَحمَ الحُمُرِ ولَحمَ كُلِّ ذِي نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ (^١).\n\n١٩٤٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِيِّ. وقالَ: لُحومَ. في المَوضِعَينِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه الزُّبَيدِيُّ وعُقَيلٌ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِيٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - جاءَه جاءٍ فقالَ: أُكِلَتِ الحُمُرُ. ثُمَّ جاءَه جاءٍ فقالَ: أُكِلَتِ الحُمُرُ. ثُمَّ جاءَه جاءٍ فقالَ: أُفنيَتِ الحُمُرُ. فنادَى مُنادٍ في النّاسِ: إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ ورسولَه يَنهَيانِكُم عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ؛ فإِنَّها نَجَسٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٣٥)، وأبو عوانة (٧٦٠١) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٢٧) من طريق ابن ملحان به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٢٧).","vol":"19","page":477},{"text":"قال: فأُكفِئَتِ القُدورُ وإِنَّها لَتَفورُ باللَّحمِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وأَحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا فتَحَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - خَيبَرَ أصَبنا حُمُرًا خارِجًا مِنَ القَريَةِ فطَبَخناها، فنادَى مُنادِى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: ألَا إنَّ اللهَ ورسولَه يَنهَيانِكُم عَنها؛ فإِنَّها رِجسٌ مِن عَمَلِ الشَّيطانِ. فأُكفِئَتِ القُدورُ بما فيها وإِنَّها لَتَفورُ بما فيها (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ (^٤)، وأَخرجَه مِن حَديثِ هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ عن محمدٍ على لَفظِ حَديثِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، إلَّا أنَّه قال: فأَمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أبا طَلحَةَ فنادَى (^٥).\nوالتَّعليلُ المَنقولُ فيه يَدُلُّ على التَّحريمِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٤٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِيُّ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ الجُعفِيُّ، عن زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ كُلَّ ذِي نابٍ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٣١٩٦)، وابن حبان (٥٢٧٤) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٤١٩٩، ٥٥٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٨٦)، والنسائي (٦٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٤٠/ ٣٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٩٤٠/ ٣٥).","vol":"19","page":478},{"text":"السِّباعِ والمُجَثَّمَةَ (^١) والحِمارَ الإِنسِيَّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الإيَادِيُّ المالِكِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ جابِرٍ أنَّه سَمِع المِقدامَ صاحِبَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - يقولُ: حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أشياءَ يَومَ خَيبَرَ مِنها الحِمارُ الأهلِيُّ، وقالَ: \"يوشِكُ الرَّجُلُ مُتَّكِئٌ على أريكَتِه يُحَدَّثُ بحَديثِي فيَقولُ: بَينَنا وبَينَكُم كِتابُ اللهِ؛ فما وجَدنا فيه مِن حَلالٍ أحلَلناه، ومِن حَرامٍ حَرَّمناه. ألَا وإِنَّ ما حَرَّمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ ﷿\" (^٣). ابنُ جابِرٍ هذا هو الحَسَنُ بنُ جابِرٍ.\nرَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٤).\nوشاهِدُه ما:\n\n١٩٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التَّرقُفِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ، عن مَروانَ بنِ رُؤبَةَ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي تفسيرها عقب (١٩٥١٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٩٥) من طريق حسين الجعفي به. وأحمد (٨٧٨٩) من طريق زائدة به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٥٧١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه عقب (١٣٥٧١).","vol":"19","page":479},{"text":"أبي عَوفٍ الجُرَشِيِّ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ مَعدِيكَرِبَ الكِندِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"أوتيتُ الكِتابَ وما يَعدِلُه - يَعنِي ومِثلَه - يوشِكُ شَبعانُ على أريكَتِه يقولُ: بَينَنا وبَينَكُم هذا الكِتابُ؛ فما كان فيه مِن حَلالٍ أحلَلناه، وما كان مِن حَرامٍ حَرَّمناه. ألَا وإِنَّه لَيسَ كَذَلِكَ، ألَا لا يَحِلُّ ذو نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ ولا الحِمارُ الأهلِيُّ، ولا اللُّقَطَةُ مِن مالِ مُعاهَدٍ إلَّا أن يَستَغنِيَ عَنها، وأَيُّما رَجُلٍ أضافَ (^١) قَومًا فلَم يَقْروه فإِنَّ له أن يُعقِبَهُم بمِثلِ قِراه (^٢) \".\n\n١٩٤٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو طَلحَةَ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن مَجزأَةَ بنِ زاهِرٍ، عن أبيه قال، وكانَ بايَعَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - تَحتَ الشَّجَرَةِ: إنَّه اشتَكَى فنُعِتَ له أن يَستَنقِعَ في ألبانِ الأُتُنِ (^٣) ومَرَقِها، فكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٤٩٦ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِي أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي زيادٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ضبب عليها في الأصل، وفي سنن أبي داود: \"ضاف\"، وفي المغرب ٢/ ١٥: ضاف القوم: نزل عليهم ضيفًا. . . وأضافوه: أنزلوه.\n(^٢) يعقبهم بمثل قراه: أي: يأخذ منهم عوضًا عما حرموه من القرى. النهاية ٣/ ٢٦٩. والحديث أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٠٤)، وابن حبان (١٢) من طريق الزبيدي به، وليس عند ابن حبان موضع الشاهد. وأحمد (١٧١٧٤) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن أبي عوف به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٢٩).\n(^٣) الأُتُن: جمع أَتَان، وهي أنثى الحمار. التاج ٣٤/ ١٥٤ (أ ت ن).\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"19","page":480},{"text":"عُبَيدُ اللهِ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عُبَيدٍ أبي (^١) الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ هو ابنُ مَعقِلٍ، عن غالِبِ بنِ أبجَرَ قال: أصابَتنا سَنَةٌ، فلَم يكنْ في مالِي شَيءٌ أُطعِمُ أهلِي إلَّا شَيءٌ مِن حُمُرٍ، وقَد كان النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - حَرَّمَ لُحومَ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ، فأَتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أصابَتنا سَنَةٌ ولَم يكنْ في مالِي ما أُطعِمُ أهلِي إلَّا سِمَانُ حُمُرٍ، وإِنَّكَ حَرَّمتَ لُحومَ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ. فقالَ: \"أطعِمْ أهلَكَ مِن سَمينِ حُمُرِكَ؛ فإِنَّما حَرَّمتُها مِن أجلِ جَوالِيِّ القَريَةِ\" (^٢).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ في إسنادِه؛ رَواه شُعبَةُ في إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه عن عُبَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بشرٍ عن ناسٍ مِن مُزَينَةَ، أن أبجَرَ أوِ ابنَ أبجَرَ سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةٍ أُخرَى: عنه عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٣).\nورُوِيَ عن مِسعَرٍ عن عُبَيدٍ عن ابنِ مَعقِلٍ عن رَجُلَينِ مِن مُزَينَةَ أحَدُهُما عن الآخَرِ؛ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ لُؤَيٍّ وغالِبِ بنِ أبجَرَ، قال مِسعَرٌ: وأُرَى غالِبَ بنَ أبجَرَ الَّذِي سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"ابن\" وكلاهما صحيح، فهو عبيد بن الحسن أبو الحسن. ينظر: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٤٤٦، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦، والتقريب ١/ ٥٤٢، ٢/ ٤١٢.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٠٩). وفيه: \"جوال\" بدلًا من: \"جوالى\".\nقال أبو داود: يعني الجلالة.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطيالسي (١٤٠١) - ومن طريقه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (١١٣٤)، والطبراني ١٨/ ٢٦٦ (٦٦٧) من طريق شعبة عن عبيد بن الحسن عن عبد الله بن معقل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨١٠)، وعنده: \"عمرو بن عويم\". مكان \"عامر بن لؤى\"، والطبراني ١٨/ ٢٦٦ (٦٦٦)، وعنده: \"عامر بن لويم\" من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"19","page":481},{"text":"ورُوِيَ عن أبي العُمَيسِ عن عُبَيدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن غالِبِ بنِ أبجَرَ (^١).\nومِثْلُ هذا لا يُعارَضُ به الأحاديثُ الصَّحيحَةُ التي قَد مَضَت مُصَرِّحَةً بتَحريمِ لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4087>بابُ ما جاءَ في أكلِ الجَلَّالَةِ وأَلبانِها</span>\nوهِيَ الإِبِلُ التي يَكونُ أكثَرُ عَلَفِها العَذِرَةَ. وأَرواحُ (^٢) العَذِرَةِ توجَدُ في عَرَقِها (^٣) وجَزَرِها (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وفِي مَعنَى الإِبِلِ البَقَرُ والغَنَمُ وغَيرُهُما مِمّا يُؤكَلُ (^٥).\n\n١٩٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدةُ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن أكلِ الجَلَّالَةِ وأَلبانِها (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٢٦٥ (٦٦٤) من طريق أبي العميس به.\n(^٢) الأرواح: الريح المكروهة. كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين ٤/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٣) عَرَقها: العرق معروف، ويطلق أيضًا بمعنى النتاج من لبن وغيره. اللسان ١٠/ ٢٤١ (ع ر ق).\n(^٤) في س: \"جررها\"، وهي كذلك في كلام الشافعي في المواضع كلها، وفي م: \"حررها\". وقال ابن سيده: الجرة ما يخرجه البعير من كرشه فيأكله مرة ثانية. المخصص ٢/ ١٧٦. وجزرها: هو لحمها بعد أن تجزر، أي تذبح. ينظر تاج العروس ١٠/ ٤٢٤ (ج ز ر).\n(^٥) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢ بمعناه.\n(^٦) أبو داود (٣٧٨٥). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٨٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٣١٨٩) عن محمد بن إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢١٥).","vol":"19","page":482},{"text":"خالَفَه شَريكٌ عن لَيثِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمٍ:\n\n١٩٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ عن لُحومِ الجَلَّالَةِ، وعن النُّهبَةِ (^١).\nورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -:\n\n١٩٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبي سُرَيجٍ (^٢) الرّازِيُّ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي قَيسٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الجَلَّالَةِ في الإِبِلِ أن يُركَبَ عَلَيها أو يُشرَبَ مِن ألبانِها (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٠٠ - ورَواه عبدُ الوارِثِ عن أيّوبَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى عن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَةِ. أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٤٩١٤) من طريق أبي نعيم به، وعنده: \"خيبر\" بدلًا من: \"فتح مكة\". والطبراني (١١٠٨٠) من طريق شريك به\n(^٢) في م: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١/ ٣٥٥.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٣٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٤، ٣٥، وأبو داود (٢٥٥٨، ٣٧٨٧). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٣١، ٣٢١٧): حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":483},{"text":"حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n١٩٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أخبرَنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ أبي عبدِ اللهِ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن المُجَثَّمَةِ، وعن لَبَنِ الجَلَّالَةِ، وأَن يُشرَبَ مِن فِي السِّقاءِ (^٢).\nتابَعَه سعيدُ بنُ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٣) وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وعُمَرُ بنُ عامِرٍ (^٤) عن قَتادَةَ، إلَّا أن حَمّادَ بنَ سلمةَ قال: وعن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَةِ. لَم يَذكُرِ اللَّبَنَ:\n\n١٩٥٠٢ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ: عن رُكوبِ الجَلَّالَةِ (^٥).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن عِكرِمَةَ عن أبي هريرةَ:\n\n١٩٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٤٢٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٧٨٦) من طريق أبي عامر به. وأحمد (١٩٨٩، ٢٦٧١، ٢٩٤٩)، والترمذي (١٨٢٥)، والنسائي (٤٤٦٠) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢١٦).\n(^٣) سيأتي في (١٩٥١٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو جعفر ابن البختري في جزئه (١٠٤) من طريق عمر بن عامر به.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٤٢٦).","vol":"19","page":484},{"text":"عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن يُشرَبَ مِن في السِّقاءِ، والمُجَثَّمَةِ والجَلَّالَةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ كَثيرِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن أكلِ لُحومِ الجَلَّالَةِ وأَلبانِها (^٢). وكانَ عَطاءُ بنُ أبي رَباحٍ يَنهَى عن الجَلَّالَةِ مِنَ الإِبِلِ والغَنَمِ أن تُؤكَلَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ إدريسَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طاوُسٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى يَومَ خَيبَرَ عن لُحومِ الحُمُرِ الأهليَّةِ، وعن الجَلَّالَةِ؛ عن رُكوبِها وأَكلِ لُحومِها (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن سَهلِ بنِ بَكّارٍ عن وُهَيبٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب ص ٤٢٦ (٤٨٩). وأخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٣٥ من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٠٩٦٤) من طريق طاوس به. وزاد: وظهورها. وأن ذلك كان يوم الفتح.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٩٧٣، ٢٤٩٧٦).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ١٠٣. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٣٩)، والنسائي (٤٤٥٩) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٨١١). وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٣٢): حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":485},{"text":"عبدِ المَجيدِ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بَابَاه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الجَلَّالَةِ؛ أن يُؤكَلَ لَحمُها، أو يُشرَبَ لَبَنُها، ولا يُحمَلُ عَلَيها - أظُنُّه قال: إلَّا الأدَمَ - ولا يَركَبُها النّاسُ حَتَّى تُعلَفَ أربَعينَ لَيلَةً (^١).\nلَيسَ هذا بالقَوِىِّ، وقَد أشارَ إلَيه الشّافِعِىُّ وزَعَمَ أنَّه أرادَ تَغَيُّرَها مِنَ الطِّباعِ المَكروهَةِ إلَى الطِّباعِ غَيرِ المَكروهَةِ التي هِىَ فِطرَةُ الدَّوابِّ؛ حَتَّى لا توجَدَ أرواحُ العَذِرَةِ في عَرَقِها وجَزَرِها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4088>بابُ ما جاءَ في الدَّجاجِ الَّذِى يأكُلُ النَّتْنَ</span>\n\n١٩٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن زَهدَمٍ قال: رأَيتُ أبا موسَى يأكُلُ الدَّجاجَ، فدَعانِى فقُلتُ: إنَّى رأَيتُه يأكُلُ نَتْنًا. قال: ادنُه (^٣) فكُلْ؛ فإِنِّى رأَيتُ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - يأكُلُه (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٤١)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٩. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٨٣ من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"جررها\". وهى كذلك في الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"ادنُ\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٣٤). وتقدم في (١٩٤٣٥).","vol":"19","page":486},{"text":"سُفيانَ (^١)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن أيّوبَ (^٢)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4089>بابُ ما جاءَ في المَصبورَةِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀ والمَصبورَةُ الشّاةُ تُربَطُ ثُمَّ تُرمَى بالنَّبلِ (^٣).\nوقالَ أبو عُبَيدٍ: هو الطّائرُ أو غَيرُه مِن ذَواتِ الرّوحِ يُصبَرُ حَيًّا ثُمَّ يُرمَى حَتَّى يُقتَلَ، وأَصلُ الصَّبرِ الحَبسُ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: دَخَلتُ مَعَ أنَسٍ على الحَكَمِ بنِ أيّوبَ فرأَى فِتيانًا أو غِلمانًا قَد نَصبوا دَجاجَةً يَرمونَها، فقالَ أنَسٌ: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - أن تُصبَرَ البَهائمُ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n\n١٩٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ وهُشَيمٌ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - فإِذا طَيرٌ أو دَجاجَةٌ يَرمونَها، فلَمّا رأَوُا ابنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - تَفَرَّقوا، فقالَ: لَعَنَ اللهُ مَن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٥١٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦٤٩)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩/ ٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٣٣.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٢٨١٦)، وتقدم في (١٨١٨٣).\n(^٦) البخاري (٥٥١٣)، ومسلم (١٩٥٦).","vol":"19","page":487},{"text":"فعَلَ هذا؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - لَعَنَ مَن فعَلَ هَذا (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى عَوانَةَ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ المُقرِئُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ أبو عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - على يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ - وهو ابنُ العاصِ - وغُلامٌ مِن بَنيه رابِطٌ دَجاجَةً وهو يَرميها، فمَشَى إلَى الدَّجاجَةِ فحَلَّها، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ بها وبِالغُلامِ فقالَ ليَحيَى: ازجُروا غُلامَكُم هذا عن أن يَصبِرَ هذا الطَّيرَ على القَتلِ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى أن تُصبَرَ بَهيمَةٌ، وإِن أرَدتُم أن تَذبَحوها فاذبَحوها (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يَعقوبَ عن إسحاقَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ - ﵄ - يقولُ: نَهَى\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٩٨٤). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٨١١٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٥١٥)، ومسلم (١٩٥٨/ ٥٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩٥٨) عقب (٥٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٨٢) عن أبي النضر به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٥١٤).","vol":"19","page":488},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أن يُقتَلَ شَيءٌ مِنَ الدَّوابِّ صَبرًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن حَجّاجِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥١٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن لَبَنِ الجَلَّالَةِ، وعن أكلِ المُجَثَّمَةِ، وعن الشُّربِ مِن في السِّقاءِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شُبَانةَ (^٤) الشّاهِدُ بهَمَذَانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِم عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أوَيسٍ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، عن أبي إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىِّ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الخَطْفَةِ (^٥) والنُّهْبَةِ والمُجَثَّمَةِ، وعن أكلِ كُلِّ ذِى نابٍ مِنَ السِّباعِ (^٦). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المُجَثَّمَةُ هِىَ المَصبورَةُ أيضًا، ولَكِنَّها لا تَكونُ إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٣٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٤٦) من طريق حجاج به. وتقدم في (١٨١٨٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٥٩).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦١، ٣١٤٣)، والترمذي عقب (١٨٢٥) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"شبابة\". وينظر الإكمال ٥/ ١٢، وتقدم في (١٢٢٨٣).\n(^٥) الخطفة: ما اختطفه الذئب من أعضاء الشاة وهى حية. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٦) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٢٠٩ (٥٥١) من طريق القعنبى به.","vol":"19","page":489},{"text":"في الطَّيرِ والأرانِبِ وأَشباهِ ذَلِكَ مِمّا يَجثُمُ بالأرضِ وغَيرِها إذا لَزِمَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4090>بابُ ذَكاةِ ما في بَطنِ الذَّبيحَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ وابنُ أبي قُماشٍ وابنُ زَوْرانَ قالوا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ بشرِ بنِ سَلْمٍ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"ذَكاةُ الجَنينِ ذَكاةُ أُمِّه\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى زيادٍ القَدّاحُ المَكِّىُّ عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، ومِن ذَلِكَ الوَجهِ أخرَجَه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ وابنُ أبي لَيلَى عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥١٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مُجالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي الوَدّاكِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: سألْنا رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الجَنينِ فقالَ: \"كُلوه إن شِئتُم\" (^٥). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبي عيد ١/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٤١). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ١١٤ من طريق الحسن بن بشر به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٨٢٨). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٥٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٨٠٨) من طريق حماد به. والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٣ من طريق ابن أبي ليلى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣١٩٩) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وأحمد (١١٢٦٠)، والترمذي (١٤٧٦) من طريق مجالد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":490},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىِّ (^١).\n\n١٩٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن أبي الوَدّاكِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أحَدُنا يَنحَرُ النّاقَةَ ويَذبَحُ البَقَرَةَ والشّاةَ وفِي بَطنِها الجَنينُ؛ أيُلقيه أم يأكُلُه؟ فقالَ: \"كُلوه إن شِئتُم؛ فإِنَّ ذَكاتَه ذَكاةُ أُمِّه\" (^٢). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو يوسُفَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبي الوَدّاكِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، سُئلَ عن الجَزورِ والبَقَرَةِ يوجَدُ في بَطنِها الجَنينُ، قال: \"إذا سَمَّيتُم على الذَّبيحَةِ فذَكاتُه (^٤) ذَكاةُ أُمِّه\" (^٥).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادِ عن يونُسَ عن أبي الوَدّاكِ مُختَصرًا، وهو فيما:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٨٢٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٤ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٨٢٧). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٥١).\n(^٤) رسمت في الأصل: \"فذكوته\"، وفى سائر المواضع: \"فذكاته\".\n(^٥) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٣.","vol":"19","page":491},{"text":"١٩٥١٨ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أن أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّىَ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدَّثَنِى عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ واصِلٍ أبو عُبَيدَةَ الحَدّادُ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبي الوَدّاكِ جَبْرِ بنِ نَوفٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ذَكاةُ الجَنينِ ذَكاةُ أُمِّه\" (^١).\nوفِي البابِ عن عليٍّ (^٢) وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٢) وعَبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ (^٣) وعَبدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ (^٤) وأَبِى أيّوبَ (^٥) وأَبِى هريرةَ (^٦) وأَبِى الدَّرداءِ (^٧) وأَبِى أُمامَةَ (^٧) والبَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ (^٨) - ﵃ - مَرفوعًا.\nوفِي حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَقولونَ في الجَنينِ إذا أشعَرَ: فذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٩).\n\n١٩٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (١١٣٤٣). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٨٨٩) من طريق أبى عبيدة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٤.\n(^٣) سيأتي بعد قليل.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٤، ٢٧٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني (٤٠١٠)، والحاكم ٤/ ١١٥.\n(^٦) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٤، والحاكم ٤/ ١١٤.\n(^٧) أخرجه البزار (٤١١٧)، والطبراني (٧٤٩٨).\n(^٨) ينظر أحكام القرآن للجصاص ١/ ١٤١.\n(^٩) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٤١) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"19","page":492},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه كان يقولُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ أنَّ نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - كان يقولُ: إذا نَحرْتَ النّاقَةَ فذَكاةُ ما في بَطنِها في ذَكاتِها إذا كان قَد تَمَّ خَلقُه ونَبَتَ شَعَرُه، فإِذا خَرَجَ مِن بَطنِها حَيًّا ذُبِحَ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ الدَّمُ مِن جَوفِه. لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١)، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: بذَكاتِها. والباقِى سَواءٌ. هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٩٥٢٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ المُطَّوِّعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ مُعَمَّرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُعَمَّرٍ العَوفِىُّ، حدثنا عِصامُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا المُبارَكُ بنُ مُجاهِدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال في الجَنينِ: \"ذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّه، أشعَرَ أو لَم يُشعِرْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٢١ - رَواه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ في كِتابِه عن محمدِ بنِ حمدُويَه المَروَزِىِّ هذا وعَلِىِّ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ طاهِرٍ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ١٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٤٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه تمام في فوائده (٩٥٨ - الروض) من طريق أبى شهاب به.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧١","vol":"19","page":493},{"text":"وَرُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - مَرفوعًا (^١). ورَفْعُه عنه ضَعيفٌ، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\nوفِي حَديثِ الحارِثِ عن عليٍّ - ﵁ - أنَّه قال في ذَكاةِ الجَنينِ: ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرْفىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنِى الرّازِىَّ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن إدريسَ، عن عَطيَّةَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: بَهيمَةُ الأنعامِ أُحِلَّت لَكُم، وذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٢٣ - وفِي حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ أبى ثُمامَةَ البَصرِىِّ سَمِعَ حَنظَلَةَ أبا خَلدَةَ قال: قال عَمّارُ بنُ ياسِرٍ: يا حَنظَلَةُ، أُحِلَّت لَكُم بَهيمَةُ الأنعامِ، وإِنَّما أُنزِلَت فيما أبهَمَ عَلَيه الرَّحِمُ إذا تَمَّ خَلقُه ونبَتَ شَعَرُه، فذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخاريُّ قال: قالَه (^٤) عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٥٤٥، وأخبار أصبهان لأبي نعيم ٢/ ٢٤٧، والمستدرك ٤/ ١١٤، والأوسط للطبراني (٧٨٥٦).\n(^٢) ذكره ابن حزم في المحلى ٨/ ١٢٢، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١٢/ ٤٧٨. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٤ من طريق الحارث مرفوعا. وقال ابن الملقن: فيه الحارث الأعور الكذاب. البدر المنير ٩/ ٣٩٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ٢/ ٤٥١ من طريق أبى يحيى الرازي به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"قال\".\n(^٥) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٢٣.","vol":"19","page":494},{"text":"١٩٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن قابوسَ قال: ذُبِحَت في الحَىِّ بَقَرَةٌ فوَجَدنا في بَطنِها جَنينًا فشَوَيناه، وقَدَّمنا إلَى أبى ظَبْيانَ فتَناوَلَ لُقمَةً مِنه فقالَ: هذا الَّذِى حدثنا به ابنُ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه مِن بَهيمَةِ الأنعامِ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا طاوُسٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -.\nوروّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال في بَهيمَةِ الأنعامِ: هو الجَنينُ، ذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: الجَنينُ (^٣) ذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٢٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: ذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور - كما في الدر المنثور ٥/ ١٦٢. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٨/ ١٤ عن قابوس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٧٥ مرفوعا.\n(^٣) زيادة من: م، وحاشية الأصل.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٩٢. وأخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٦٦٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٩٢.","vol":"19","page":495},{"text":"عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان يُقالُ: إنَّما هو رُكنٌ مِن أركانِها، ذَكاتُه ذَكاةُ أُمِّهِ (^١)\n\n١٩٥٢٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كُلْه، أشعَرَ أو لَم يُشعِرْ، إنْ لَم تَقذَرْه. يَعنِى الجَنينَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٢٩ - قال يَعقوبُ: وقَد رُوِىَ عن حَمّادٍ عن إبراهيمَ قال: لا يَكونُ ذَكاةَ نَفسٍ ذَكاةُ نَفسَينِ (^٣). قال يَعقوبُ: حدثنا بَعضُ أصحابِنا عن عثمانَ بنِ عثمانَ أخبرَنا البَتِّىُّ قال: كان حَمّادٌ إذا قال برأيِه أصابَ، وإِذا قال: قال إبراهيمُ. أخطأَ (^٤).\nورُوّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ والقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ والحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ وعامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ وعَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ ونافِعٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى وعِكرِمَةَ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ نَحوَ قَولِنا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٤٦) عن سفيان به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٩٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٦٤٥) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٩٣.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٧٩٣. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٢٤٣ من طريق عثمان به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (٨٦٤٢ - ٨٦٤٤، ٨٦٤٧ - ٨٦٤٩)، والمحلى ٨/ ١٢٢.","vol":"19","page":496},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4091>جماعُ أبوابِ كَسبِ الحَجّامِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4092>بابُ التَّنزيهِ عن كَسبِ الحَجّامِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عَونُ بنُ أبى جُحَيفَةَ قال: اشتَرَى أبى عبدًا حَجّامًا فأَمَرَ بمَحاجِمِه فكُسِرَت، وقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - نَهَى عن ثَمَنِ الكَلبِ وكَسبِ البَغِىِّ وثَمَنِ الدَّمِ، ولَعَنَ الواشِمَةَ والمُستَوشِمَةَ وآكِلَ الرِّبا ومُوكِلَه، ولَعَنَ المُصَوِّرَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ قارِظٍ، حَدَّثَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حَدَّثَنِى رافِعُ بنُ خَديجٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"كَسبُ الحَجّامِ خَبيثٌ، ومَهرُ البِغىِّ خَبيثٌ، وثَمَنُ الكَلبِ خَبيثٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١١٢، ١٤٦٨٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٤٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٤٦٨٥)، وابن حبان (٥١٥٣) من طريق الأوزاعي به. وتقدم في (١١١١٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٦٨/ ٤١).","vol":"19","page":497},{"text":"١٩٥٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ مَولَى عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ المَدَنِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"شَرُّ الكَسبِ مَهرُ البَغِىِّ وثَمَنُ الكَلبِ وكَسبُ الحَجّامِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حَرامِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أن مُحَيِّصَةَ سأَلَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - عن كَسبِ الحَجّامِ فنَهاه عنه، فلَم يَزَلْ يُكَلِّمُه حَتَّى قال: \"أطعِمْه رَقيقَكَ، واعلِفْه ناضِحَكَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ أحَدِ بَنِى حارِثَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه استأذَنَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - في إجارَةِ الحَجّامِ (^٤) فنَهاه عَنها، فلَم يَزَلْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٥٩)، والنسائي (٤٣٠٥) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٦٨/ ٤٠).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٤٦)، والشافعي في مسنده (٥٧٨ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٩٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) إجارة الحجام: أي أجرته. عون المعبود ٣/ ٢٧٨.","vol":"19","page":498},{"text":"يَسأَلُه حَتَّى قال: \"اعلِفْه ناضِحَكَ ورَقيقَكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن أبي عُفَيرٍ الأنصارِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ، عن مُحَيِّصَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ الأنصارِىِّ أنَّه كان له غُلامٌ حَجّامٌ يُقالُ له: نافِعٌ. فانطَلَقَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَسأَلُه عن خَراجِه، فقالَ: \"لا تَقرَبْه\". فرَدَّه على رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"اعلِفْ به النّاضِحَ واجعَلْه في كَرِشِه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4093>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في كَسبِ الحَجّامِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدَاباذِىُّ، أخبرَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - حَجَمَه أبو طَيْبَةَ، فأَمَرَ له بصاعَينِ مِن طَعامٍ، وكَلَّمَ مَواليَه فخَفَّفوا عنه مِن ضَريبَتِه (^٣)، وقالَ: \"خَيرُ ما تَداوَيتُم به الحِجامَةُ والقُسْطُ البحرِىُّ (^٤)، ولا تُعَذِّبوا صِبيانَكُم بالغَمزِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٠)، والشافعي في مسنده (٥٧٩ - شفاء العى)، ومالك في الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ١٦ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٩٧٤، وفيه: \"عن ابن محيصة أنه سأل النبي - ﷺ -\". ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣٦٩)، وأبو داود (٣٤٢٢)، والترمذي (١٢٧٧). وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٦٨٩)، والبخاري في تاريخه ٨/ ٥٣، ٥٤ من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) الضريبة: المقصود بها هنا: ما يقدره السيد على عبده في كل يوم، ويقال لها: خراج وغلة وأجر. ينظر فتح الباري ٤/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٤) القسط البحرى: بخور معروف. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٩٣.","vol":"19","page":499},{"text":"مِنَ العُذْرَةِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: حَجَمَ أبو طَيْبَةَ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فأَمَرَ له بصاعٍ مِن تَمرٍ، وأَمَرَ أهلَه أن يُخَفِّفوا عنه مِن خَراجِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالك يقولُ: دَعا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - غُلامًا فحَجَمَه، وأَمَرَ له بصاعٍ أو صاعَينِ، أو مُدٍّ أو مُدَّينِ، وكَلَّمَ فيه فخُفِّفَ مِن ضَريبَتِهِ (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) العذرة: وجع يهيج بالحلق يسمى بسقوط اللهاة، والغمز هو رفع اللهاة بالإصبع. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٦٠، ٢/ ٧١، ١٣٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٤٠٣)، والدارمى (٢٦٦٤) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (١٢٨٨٣) من طريق حميد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٧٧، ٥٦٩٦)، ومسلم (١٥٧٧/ ٦٢ - ٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥١)، والشافعي في مسنده (٥٨٠ - شفاء العى)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٧٤، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٤٢٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢١٠٢، ٢٢١٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطيالسي (٢٢٤٣)، وأحمد (١٤٠٠٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٢٨١)، ومسلم (١٥٧٧/ ٦٤).","vol":"19","page":500},{"text":"١٩٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عامِرٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - يَحتَجِمُ ولا يَظلِمُ أحَدًا أجرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ بالُويَه قالا: أخبرَنا (^٣) إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عَفّانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا مُعَلَّى بنُ أسَدٍ العَمِّىُّ قالا: حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وأَعطَى الحَجّامَ أجرَه، واستَعَطَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ عن مُعَلَّى بنِ أسَدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ عن عَفّانَ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٤١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٥٣) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والبخاري (٢٢٨٠) من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٧٧/ ٧٧).\n(^٣) بعده في الأصل: \"أبو\" وضبب عليها، وتقدم مرارًا.\n(^٤) اسْتَعَطَ: من السَّعوط، وهو ما يُجعل من الدواء في الأنف. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٦٨.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٥١، ٣٩٥٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٥٩) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٣٨٦٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٨٠) من طريق وهيب به. وليس عند أبي داود موضع الشاهد.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٦٩١)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٢٠٥ (١٢٠٢/ ٦٥).","vol":"19","page":501},{"text":"إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - (^١) حَجَمَه عبدٌ لِبَنِى بَياضَةَ فأَعطاه أجرَه، ولَو كان حَرامًا لَم يُعطِه، وأَمَرَ مَواليَه أن يُخَفِّفوا عنه مِن خَراجِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَعطَى الحَجّامَ أجرَه، ولَو عَلِمَه خَبيثًا لَم يُعطِهِ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن عِكرِمَةَ ومُحَمَّدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وأَعطَى الحَجّامَ أجرَه، ولَو كان خَبيثًا لَم يُعطِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) من هنا سقط في النسخة (س) ينتهى في نهاية الحديث (١٩٥٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٥٧) عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٢٠٢/ ٦٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٤٢٣) عن مسدد به. وأحمد (٣٢٨٤) من طريق خالد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٢٧٩).\n(^٦) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٤) من طريق عبد الوهاب به.","vol":"19","page":502},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا أيّوبُ عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ، ورِوايَةُ محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مُرسَلَةٌ:\n\n١٩٥٤٤ - أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وآجَرَه، ولَو كان حَرامًا لَم يُعطِهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ وسُلَيمانُ قالا: حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ قال: أُنبِئتُ أن ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وآجَرَه، ولَو رأَى به بأسًا لَم يُعطِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن طاوُسٍ: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وقالَ لِلحاجِمِ: \"اشكُمُوه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٣)، والشافعي في مسنده (٥٨٣ - شفاء العى). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠٨٥) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢١٢٦٥) من طريق يزيد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) في حاشية الأصل: \"الشكم بالضم: الجزاء، معناه: أعطوه أجره\". وفى غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥٣٧: اشكموه: جازوه بشيء. =","vol":"19","page":503},{"text":"١٩٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبي جَميلَةَ، عن عليٍّ قال: احتَجَمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - وامَرَنِى فأَعطَيتُ الحَجّامَ أجرَه (^١).\nوهَذا أولَى وأَشبَهُ بما مَضَى مِمّا رُوِىَ عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ ضَمرَةَ عن عليٍّ: كَسبُ الحَجّامِ مِنَ السُّحتِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: وقَد روِىَ أن رَجُلًا ذا قَرابَةٍ لِعُثمانَ - ﵁ - قَدِمَ عَلَيه فسأَلَه عن مَعاشِه، فذَكَرَ له غَلَّةَ حَمّامٍ وكَسبَ حَجّامٍ أو حَجّامِينَ، فقالَ: إنَّ كَسبَكُم لَوَسِخٌ. أو قال: لَدَنِسٌ. أو: لَدَنِئٌ. أو كَلِمَةً تُشبِهُها (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال: أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ أن قُرَيشًا كانَت تَتَكَرَّمُ في الجاهِليَّةِ عن كَسبِ الحَجّامِ، ولَو كان حَرامًا لَم يَقُلْ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لِلأنصارِىِّ: \"اجعَلْه في عَلَفِ ناضِحِ اليَتيمِ\".\n_________\n= والحديث عند المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٥)، وبيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعي ص ٢٠٢، والشافعي في مسنده (٨٥١ - شفاء العى).\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٤٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٩٢)، وابن ماجه (٢١٦٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٧٥ - ومن طريقه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٦) - من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٧٥٥).","vol":"19","page":504},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4094>بابُ ما جاءَ في فضلِ الحِجامَةِ على طَريقِ الاِختِصارِ</span>\nحَديثُ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^١) قَد مَضَى.\n\n١٩٥٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ أنَّ بُكَيرًا حَدَّثَه أن عاصِمَ بنَ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ حَدَّثَه أن جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ عادَ المُقَنَّعَ ثُمَّ قال: لا أبرَحُ حَتَّى يَحتَجِمَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ ﵌ يقولُ: \"إنَّ فيه شِفاءً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ تَليدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وأَبِى الطّاهِرِ؛ كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بُن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن بكرٍ السَّهمِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ أمثَلَ ما تَداوَيتُم به - أو: خَيرَ ما تَداوَيتُم به - الحِجامَةُ والقُسْطُ البحرِىُّ، ولا تُعَذِّبوا صِبيانَكُم بالغَمْزِ\" (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في حاشية الأصل: \"فيه\". والحديث تقدم في (١٩٥٣٦ - ١٩٥٣٩).\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٨. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٩٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٩٣)، وابن حبان (٦٠٧٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٩٧)، ومسلم (٢٢٠٥/ ٧٠)\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٨٩٩). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٢٨٩) عن محمد بن إسحاق الصغانى به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٢٧٧، ٥٦٩٦)، ومسلم (١٥٧٧/ ٦٢ - ٦٤).","vol":"19","page":505},{"text":"١٩٥٥٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن أبا هِندٍ حَجَمَ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - في يافوخِه (^١) مِن وجَعٍ كان به، وقالَ: \"إن كان في شَئٍ شِفاءٌ مِمّا تَداوَوْنَ به فالحِجامَةُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أخبرَنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ هو ابنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن حُصَينِ بنِ أبي حُرٍّ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كُنتُ قاعِدًا عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -. قال: فدَعا الحَجّامَ، فعَلَّقَ عَلَيه مَحاجِمَ قُرونٍ ثُمَّ شَرَطَه بشَفرَةٍ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيه أعرابِىٌّ مِن بَنِى فَزارَةَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هذا؛ يَقطَعُ جِلدَكَ؟! قال: \"هذا الحَجْمُ\". قال: وما الحَجْمُ؟ قال: \"مِن خَيرِ دَواءٍ يَتَداوَى به النّاسُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الوَزيرِ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) اليافوخ: وسط الرأس. المصباح المنير ص ٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥١٣)، وأبو داود (٢١٠٢، ٣٨٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٧٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٢١٢) من طريق جرير به بنحوه. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٩٦) من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"19","page":506},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى المَوَالِ، حدثنا فائدٌ مَولَى عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن مَولاه عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، عن جَدَّتِه سَلْمَى - ﵂ - خادِمِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - قالَت: ما كان أحَدٌ يَشتَكِى إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وجَعًا في رأسِه إلَّا قال: \"احتَجِمْ\". ولا وجَعًا في رِجلَيه إلَّا قال: \"اخضِبْهُما\" (^١).\n\n١٩٥٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّدَاباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّقاشِىُّ البَصرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى المَوَالِ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ حَسَنٍ، عن جَدَّتِه سَلْمَى قالَت: ما سَمِعتُ أحَدًا يَشكو إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - وجَعَ رأسِه إلَّا أمَرَه بالحِجامَةِ، ولا وجَعَ رِجلَيْه إلَّا أمَرَه أن يَخضِبَهُما بالحِنّاءِ (^٢). أيّوبُ بنُ حَسَنٍ هو ابنُ عليِّ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ، وقَدِ اختُلِفَ فيه على ابنِ أبى المَوالِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4095>بابُ مَوضِعِ الحِجامَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ التّاجِرُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ قال: أخبرَنِى عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: احتَجَمَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - وهو مُحْرِمٌ في رأسِه مِن صُداعٍ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٥٨). وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٦٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٦١٧)، والبخاري في تاريخه ١/ ٤١١ من طريق أبى عامر به.","vol":"19","page":507},{"text":"كان به أو وَثْىٍ (^١)، واحتَجَمَ في ماءٍ يُقالُ له: لَحْىُ جَمَلٍ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِىِّ (^٣)، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِنَ حَديثِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُحَينَةَ بمَعنَاه (^٤)، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٥٧ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأَزهَرِ السَّلِيطِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ على ظَهرِ قَدَمِه وهو مُحرِمٌ (^٦). كَذا في هذه الرِّوايَةِ: على ظَهرِ قَدَمِه. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُحَينَةَ وابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: في رأسِه. والعَدَدُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ فعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَرَّتَينِ وهو مُحرِمٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ وأبو مُسلِمٍ قالا: حدثنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ على وَرِكِه مِن وَثْىٍ كان بهِ (^٧). كَذا قال مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ: على وَرِكِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) الوثى: وهن يصيب العضو دون الخلع والكسر، ويكتب بالهمز أيضًا. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥٥) عن الأنصارى به. وأبو داود (١٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٣٩٥٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٩٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٨٣٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٩٢٢١، ٩٢٢٢).\n(^٦) أخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (١٩٨٦) من طريق السيد أبى الحسن به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٣٤: وهذا غريب، فلعله احتجم مرتين.\n(^٧) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٦٣) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (١٤٢٨٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى =","vol":"19","page":508},{"text":"١٩٥٥٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ وهو مُحرِمٌ مِن وَثْىٍ كان بوَرِكِه. أو قال: بظَهرِه (^١). فكأَنَّه - ﷺ - احتَجَمَ في رأسِه وهو مُحرِمٌ مِن وَثْىٍ كان به أو صُداعٍ، كما رُوِّينا في حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -.\n\n١٩٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الخَيرِ جامِعُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ الوَكيلُ، أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عثمانَ اللَّاحِقِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ وهو ابنُ حازِمٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان يَحتَجِمُ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ثَلاثًا؛ اثنَينِ في الأخدَعَينِ، وواحِدًا في الكَاهِلِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٦١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ،\n_________\n= (٧٥٩٧)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٦٠) من طريق هشام به. وابن ماجه (٣٠٨٢) من طريق أبى الزبير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧٢).\n(^١) الطيالسي (١٨٥٣).\n(^٢) الأخدعان: عرقان في موضع المحجمتين من العنق، سُمِّيا بذلك لخفائهما، وهو شعبة من الوريد. المعجم الكبير ٦/ ١٢٣ (خ د ع).\nوالكاهل من الإنسان: ما بين كتفيه. وقيل: موصل العنق في الصلب. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٤٨. والحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (٩٠١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٩١)، وأبو داود (٣٨٦٠)، والترمذي (٢٠٥١)، وابن ماجه (٦٠٧٧)، وابن حبان (٣٤٨٣) من طريق جرير به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٦٩).","vol":"19","page":509},{"text":"حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ الفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ مُصَفَّى، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ ثَوبانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي كَبشَةَ الأَنمارِىِّ أنَّه حَدَّثَه، أن نَبِىَّ اللهِ - ﷺ - كان يَحتَجِمُ على هامَتِه وبَينَ كَتِفَيه ويَقولُ: \"مَن أَهْراقَ مِن هذه الدِّماءِ فلا يَضُرُّه ألَّا يَتَداوَى بشَئٍ\". أظُنُّه قال: \"لِشَئٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4096>بابُ ما جاءَ في وقتِ الحِجامَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو تَوبَةَ الرَّبيعُ بنُ نافِعٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِىُّ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَنِ احتَجَمَ لِسَبعَ عَشْرَةَ وتِسعَ عَشْرَةَ وإِحدَى وعِشرينَ كان شفاءً مِن كُلِّ داءٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"خَيرُ ما تَحتَجِمونَ فيه سَبعَ عَشْرَةَ وتِسعَ عَشرَةَ وإِحدَى وعِشرينَ (^٣) \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٨٤) من طريق محمد بن المصفى به. وأبو داود (٣٨٥٩) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٦٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٥٤)، وأبو داود (٣٨٦١). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢١٠ من طريق أبى توبة به، واقتصر على: \"سبع عشرة\" فقط. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧١).\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".\nوالحديث عند الطيالسي (٢٧٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣١٦)، والترمذي (٢٠٥٣) مطولًا، وابن ماجه (٣٤٧٧) دون ذكر الشاهد من طريق عباد بن منصور به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.","vol":"19","page":510},{"text":"ورَواه أيضًا الزُّهرِىُّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n١٩٥٦٤ - ورَوَى سَلَّامُ بنُ سَلْمٍ (^٢) الطَّويلُ وهو مَتروكٌ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّىِّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ احتَجَمَ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ لِسَبعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الشَّهرِ كان دَواةً لِداءِ السَّنَةِ\". أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ الطَّويلُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٦٥ - وروِىَ عن زَيدٍ كما أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّىِّ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن أنَسٍ رَفَعَه قال: \"مَنِ احتَجَمَ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ لِسَبعَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَت مِنَ الشَّهرِ أخرَجَ اللهُ مِنه داءَ سنةٍ\" (^٤).\nورَواه أبو جَزِىٍّ نَصرُ بنُ طَريفٍ بإِسنادَينِ له عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٥)، وهو مَتروكٌ لا يَنبَغِى ذِكرُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٩٨١٦)، ومن طريقه أبو داود في المراسيل (٤٥١).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وهو سلام بن سلم. ويقال: ابن سليم. ويقال: ابن سليمان. قال المزى: والصواب ابن سلم. تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٢٧٧. وتقدم عقب (١٦٤٠).\n(^٣) ابن عدى ٣/ ١٠٥٧. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢١٥ (٤٩٩) من طريق سلام به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين ١/ ٣٠٩ من طريق زيد العمى به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٣٥: إسناده جيد مع نكارته.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٧/ ٢٤٩٨ من طريق نصر بإسناديه.\n(^٦) تقدم عقب (١٧٧٥٣).","vol":"19","page":511},{"text":"١٩٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ. قال: وحَدَّثَنا هِشامُ بنُ عليٍّ السّيرافِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ المِنقَرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ وهو أبو سلمةَ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرَةَ بَكّارُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبَرَتنِى عَمَّتِى وهِىَ كَبشَةُ بنتُ أبى بكرَةَ، أنَّ أباها كان يَنهَى أهلَه عن الحِجامَةِ يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ، ويَزعُمُ عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"أن يَومَ الثُّلاثاءِ يَومُ الدَّمِ، وفيه ساعَةٌ لا يَرقأُ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، ورِوايَةُ ابنِ عبدانَ بمَعناه، النَّهىُ الَّذِى فيه مَوقوفٌ غَيرُ مَرفوعٍ، وإِسنادُه لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٥٦٧ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إبراهيمُ بنِ أيّوبَ بنِ ماسِى، أخبرَنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، أخبرَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَنِ احتَجَمَ يَومَ الأربِعاءِ ويَومَ السَّبتِ فرأَى وَضَحًا فلا يَلومَنَّ إلَّا نَفسَه\" (^٢). سُلَيمانُ بنُ أرقَمَ ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٦٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٣١)، وينظر السلسلة الضعيفة (٢٢٥١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٤٠٩، ٤١٠ من طريق أبى مسلم الكجى به. والبزار (٧٨٠٠، ٧٨٠٧) من طريق الحجاج بن منهال به. وينظر علل الدارقطني ٩/ ٣٨١، ٣٨٢.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٨٩٣).","vol":"19","page":512},{"text":"ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ سَمعانَ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَزيدَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا (^١)، وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ، وروِىَ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الصَّلتِ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبي هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، وهو أيضًا ضَعيفٌ، والمَحفوظُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُنقَطِعًا (^٣)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَمّادٍ الآمُلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَطّافُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّ في الجُمُعَةِ ساعَةً لا يَحتَجِمُ فيها مُحتَجِمٌ إلَّا عَرَضَ له داءٌ لا يُشفَى مِنه\" (^٤). عَطّافُ بنُ خالِدٍ ضَعيفٌ (^٥).\nورَوَى يَحيَى بنُ العَلاءِ الرّازِىُّ وهو مَتروكٌ (^٦)، بإِسنادٍ له عن الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١١٠١، ٤/ ١٤٤٦ من طريق ابن سمعان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الديلمي - كما في اللآلئ المصنوعة ٢/ ٤١٠ من طريق الحسن بن الصلت به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٩٥٦٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه الرويانى في مسنده (١٤٤٠)، وابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (٨٤٢ - مسند ابن عباس) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٣٦: وقد وثقه - يعنى عطافا - أحمد وغيره، وقال ابن معين: ليس به بأس. واحتج به النسائي، ولكن الحديث منكر بمرة، وعبد الله فيه مقال.\n(^٥) هو عطاف بن خالد بن عبد الله بن العاص المخزومى، أبو صفوان المدنى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٩٢، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٣٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٠/ ١٣٨، ولسان الميزان ٧/ ٣٠٥، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٢٤: صدوق يهم.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٢٠٥).","vol":"19","page":513},{"text":"ابنِ عليٍّ فيه حَديثًا مَرفوعًا (^١)، ولَيسَ بشَئٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4097>بابُ ما جاءَ في استِحبابِ تَركِ الاكتِواءِ والاسترقاءِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الباغَندِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الغَسيلِ بنُ حَنظَلَةَ بنِ الرّاهِبِ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إن كان في شَئٍ مِن أدويَتِكُم خَيرٌ ففِى شَرطَةِ الحَجّامِ، أو شَربَةِ عَسَلٍ، أو لَذعَةٍ بنارٍ (^٢)، وما أُحِبُّ أن أكتوِىَ\". رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٧٠ - وأخبرَنا علىٌّ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الغَسيلِ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ قال: أتانا جابِرٌ إلَى بَيتِنا فحَدَّثَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إن كان في أدويَتِكُم - أو: ما تَداوَوْنَ به - خَيرٌ فشَرطَةُ حَجّامٍ، أو شَربَةُ عَسَلٍ، أو لَذعَةٌ بنارٍ توافِقُ داءً، وما أُحِبُّ أن أكتَوِىَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٩٧٧٩) من طريق يحيى بن العلاء به، وفيه: \"إلا مات\".\n(^٢) اللذع: هو الخفيف من حرق النار. فتح الباري ١٠/ ١٤١.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٨٣) وفيه: \"لذعة بنار توافق الداء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦٠) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (١٤٧٠١)، وأبو يعلى (٢١٠٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٢ من طريق عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٧٠٤)، ومسلم (٢٢٠٥/ ٧١).","vol":"19","page":514},{"text":"١٩٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن مَروانَ بنِ شُجاعٍ، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الشِّفاءُ في ثَلاثَةٍ؛ في شرطَةِ مِحجَمٍ، أو شربَةِ عَسَلٍ، أو كَيَّةٍ بنارٍ، وأَنا أنهَى أُمَّتِى عن الكَىِّ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أحمدَ الصَّفّارُ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى أحمدُ بنُ عِصامِ بنِ عبدِ المَجيدِ الأنصارِىُّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ القَيسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ حُصَينَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: كُنتُ قاعِدًا عِندَ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ فقالَ: أيَّةُ ساعَةٍ البارِحَةَ كان كَذا وكَذا؟ فقُلتُ: كَذا وكَذا. فظَنَنتُه ظَنَّ أنِّى كُنتُ أُصَلِّى فقُلتُ: إنِّي لُدِغتُ البارِحَةَ. فقالَ: ألا استَرقَيتَ؟ فقُلتُ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن بُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيبٍ أنَّه قال: لا رُقيَةَ إلَّا مِن عَينٍ أو حُمَةٍ (^٣). فقالَ سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ مِن أُمَّتِى سَبعونَ ألفًا بغَيرِ حِسابٍ\". قال: فقُلتُ: مَن هُم؟ قال: \"هُم الَّذينَ لا يَستَرقونَ، ولا يَتَطَيَّرونَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٩١) من طريق مروان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٦٨١).\n(^٣) أي: من لدغة ذى حمة كلالعقرب وشبهها، والحمة: فوعة السم - وهى حدته وحرارته - وقيل: السم نفسه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ١٩٩.","vol":"19","page":515},{"text":"ولا يَعتافُونَ (^١)، وعَلَى رَبِّهِم يَتَوَكَّلونَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن رَوحٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حُصَينٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا الثَّورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى مَنصورُ بنُ المُعتَمِرِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عَقّارِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَنِ اكتَوَى أوِ استَرقَى فقَد بَرِئَ مِنَ التَّوَكُّلِ\" (^٤).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن مُجاهِدٍ عن حَسّانَ بنِ أبي وَجْزَةَ عن عَقّارٍ، وقَد سَمِعَ مُجاهِدٌ الحديث عن عَقّارٍ إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَحفَظْه فأَمَرَ حَسَّانًا فحَفِظَه له. قالَه جَريرٌ عن مَنصورٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٧٤ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: نَهانا\n_________\n(^١) يعتافون: من العِيافة؛ وهو زجر الطير والتخرص على الغيب بالحدس والظن. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٠٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٩٥٢) عن روح به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٧٢)، ومسلم (٢٢٠/ ٣٧٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٢١)، والترمذي (٢٠٥٥)، وابن حبان (٦٠٨٧) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٦٠٥) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (١٨٢١٧) من طريق شعبة عن منصور به.","vol":"19","page":516},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - عن الكَىِّ فاكتَوَينا، فما أفلَحْنا ولا أنجَحْنا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4098>بابُ ما جاءَ في إباحَةِ قَطعِ العروقِ والكَىِّ عِندَ الحاجَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، قال: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - إلَى أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ طَبيبًا فقَطَعَ مِنه عِرقًا ثُمَّ كَواه عَلَيهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: مَرِضَ أُبَىُّ بنُ كَعبٍ مَرَضًا فبَعَثَ إلَيه النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ - طَبيبًا فكَواه على أكحَلِهِ (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٨٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٨٩)، وأبو داود (٣٨٦٥) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧٤).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٣٨٦٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٠٧/ ٧٣).\n(^٤) الأكحل: عرق يبين في ذراع الانسان. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٨٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٩٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٢٠٧).","vol":"19","page":517},{"text":"١٩٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: رُمِىَ سَعدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ في أكحَلِه فحَسَمَه (^١) النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - بيَدِه، ثُمَّ ورِمَت فحَسَمَه الثّانيَةَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وأَحمَدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - كَوَى أسعَدَ بنَ زُرارَةَ مِنَ الشَّوكَةِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) حسمه: أي كواه ليقطع دمه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢١ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وأحمد (١٤٣٤٣، ١٥١٤٤)، والحاكم ٤/ ٤١٧ من طريق زهير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٢٠٨/ ٧٥).\n(^٤) الشركة: داء كالطاعون. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٦٠.\nوالحديث أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٥٠)، وابن حبان (٦٠٨٠) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.","vol":"19","page":518},{"text":"مَعمَرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: جاءَ نَفَرٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ صاحِبًا لَنا اشتَكَى، أفَنَكويهِ؟ قال: فسَكَتَ ساعَةً ثُمَّ قال: \"إن شِئتُم فاكْووه، وإِن شِئتُم فارْضِفوه\". يَعنِى بالحِجارَةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٥٨٠ - ورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ بمَعناه وقالَ: \"فارْضِفوه بالرَّضْفِ (^٢) \". أخبرَناه أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: اشتَكَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فاشتَدَّ وجَعُه، فنُعِتَ له الكَىُّ، فأَتَوا رسولَ اللهِ فسأَلوه، فسَكَتَ ثَلاثًا فقالَ: \"إن شِئتُم، وإِن شِئتُم فارْضِفوه بالرَّضْفِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا رَيحانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: أَذِنَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - لأهلِ بَيتٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ يَرْقوا مِنَ الحُمَةِ، وأَذِنَ برُقيَةِ العَينِ والنَّفسِ. وقالَ أنَسٌ: كُويتُ مِن ذاتِ الجَنْبِ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥١٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٠٢١). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٦٠١) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٢) الرضف: الحجارة تسخن ثم يكمد بها. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ١٨٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٨٥٢)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢١٤ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) ذات الجنب: هي الدمل الكبير الذي يظهر في باطن الجنب وينفجر إلى داخل، وقلما يسلم منها =","vol":"19","page":519},{"text":"ورسولُ الله - ﷺ - حَىٌّ، وشَهِدَنِى أبو طَلحَةَ وأَنَسُ بنُ النَّضرِ وزَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ، وأبو طَلحَةَ كَوانِى (^١).\nقال البخاريُّ: وقالَ عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ - وساقَ هذا الحديث بَعدَ حَديثِ عارِمٍ عن حَمّادٍ - عن أيّوبَ عن أبي قِلابَةَ عن أنَسٍ، أن أبا طَلحَةَ وأَنَسَ بنَ النَّضرِ كَوَياه، وكَواه أبو طَلحَةَ بيَدِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: قرأَ جَريرٌ كُتُبًا لأبِى قِلابَةَ، قال أيّوبُ: قَد سَمِعتُه مِن أبى قِلابَةَ عن أنَسٍ قال: كُويتُ مِن ذاتِ الجَنْبِ، فشَهِدَنِى أنَسُ بنُ النَّضرِ، وأبو طَلحَةَ كَوانِى (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ اكتَوَى مِنَ اللَّقوَةِ (^٤)، وكَوَى ابنَه واقِدًا (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٨٤ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n= صاحبها. النهاية ١/ ٣٠٤.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٨١٩) من طريق ريحان بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٢٠، ٥٧٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري (٥٧١٩)، وابن عدى ٢/ ٥٥٤ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) اللقوة: الريح التي تميل أحد جانبى الفم. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٦٢.\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥١٦)، وسقط منه: \"سالم\".","vol":"19","page":520},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه اكتَوَى مِنَ اللَّقوَةِ، واستَرقَى مِنَ العَقرَبِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4099>بابُ ما جاءَ في إباحَةِ التَّداوِى</span>\n\n١٩٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَم يُنزِلْ داءً إلَّا أنزَلَ له شِفاءً\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن أبي أحمدَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - أنَّه قال: \"لِكُلِّ داءٍ دَواءٌ، فإِذا أُصيبَ دَواءُ الدّاءِ بَرَأَ بإِذنِ اللهِ ﷿\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٩٥٦) من طريق عبيد الله به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٧٤) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣٩) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٧٨).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٩٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٥٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٦٣) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٢٠٤).","vol":"19","page":521},{"text":"١٩٥٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ شَريكٍ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - وأَصحابُه كأَنَّما على رُءوسِهِمُ الطَّيرُ، فسَلَّمتُ ثُمَّ قَعَدتُ، فجاءَ الأعرابُ مِن ههنا وههنا فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَتَداوَى؟ قال: \"تَداوَوْا فإنَّ اللهَ ﷿ لَم يَضَع داءً إلَّا وضَعَ له دَواءً غَيرَ واحِدٍ؛ الهَرمَ (^١) \". قال: وسأَلوه عن أشياءَ لا بأسَ بها: عَلَينا حَرَجٌ في كَذا؟ وعَلَينا حَرَجٌ في كَذا؟ قال: \"عِبادَ اللهِ، وضَعَ اللهُ الحَرَجَ (^٢) إلَّا مَنِ اقتَرَضَ (^٣) امْرأً ظُلمًا، فذاكَ الَّذِى حَرِجَ وهَلَكَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما خَيرُ ما أُعطِىَ النّاسُ؟ قال: \"خُلُقٌ حَسَنٌ\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن حَفصِ بنِ عُمَرَ إلَى قَولِه: \"الهَرمَ\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيْبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -:\n_________\n(^١) ضبطها في الأصل بكسر الراء وفتح الميم، والمعروف أنه بفتح الراء. ينظر القاموس المحيط، والمصباح المنير (هـ ر م).\n(^٢) الحرج في الأصل: الضيق، ويقع على الإثم والحرام. وقيل: الحرج أضيق الضيق. النهاية ١/ ٣٦١.\n(^٣) أي: نال منه وقطعه بالغيبة. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٤٥٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٥٣) من طريق شعبة به، وعند النسائي إلى قوله: \"الهرم\". وتقدم طرف منه في (٩٧٣٣).\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٨٥٥). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٦٤).","vol":"19","page":522},{"text":"\"ما أنزَلَ اللهُ مِن داءٍ إلَّا وأَنزَلَ له شِفاءً، عَلِمَه مَن عَلِمَه، وجَهِلَه مَن جَهِلَه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4100>بابُ ما جاءَ في الاحتِماءِ </span>(^٢)\n\n١٩٥٨٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ (^٣) الأعرابِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَدَنِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أيّوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأنصارِىُّ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ، عن أُمِّ مُبَشِّرٍ الأنصاريَّةِ، وكانَت بَعضَ خالاتِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -، قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ نَاقِهٌ (^٤) مِنَ المَرَضِ، وفِي البَيتِ عِذْقٌ (^٥) مُعَلَّق، فقامَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فتَناوَلَ مِنه، فأَقبَلَ علىٌّ يَتَناوَلُ مِنه، فقالَ: \"دَعْه فإنَّه لا يوافِقُكَ؛ إنَّكَ ناقِهٌ\". قالَت: فقُمتُ إلَى شَعيرٍ وسِلْقٍ (^٦) وطَبَختُه فجِئتُ به النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ: \"كُلْ من هذا فإنَّه أنْفَعُ لَكَ\" (^٧). كَذا قال: أُمُّ مُبَشِّرٍ. وكَذَلِكَ قالَه إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ (^٨).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٧٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣٨) من طريق سفيان به. وابن حبان (٦٠٦٢) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) الاحتماء: الحمية، منع المريض مما يضره من الطعام والشراب. تاج العروس ٣٧/ ٤٧٧.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن\"، وكذا كتب في حاشية الأصل، وكتب: \"حـ\".\n(^٤) نقِه من مرضه: صَحَّ وفيه ضعف، أو أفاق وكان قريب العهد بالمرض لم يرجع إليه كمال صحته وقوته، فهو ناقِهٌ. ينظر التاج ٣٦/ ٥٢٩ (ن ق هـ).\n(^٥) العِذْق: عود من أعواد النخلة بما فيه من أغصان معلق بها البُسْر. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ١٩٩.\n(^٦) تقدم معناه في (٦٠١٥).\n(^٧) المصنف في الآداب (٩١٥).\n(^٨) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٤، ٢٠٥ من طريق إسحاق به.","vol":"19","page":523},{"text":"١٩٥٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ صَعصَعَةَ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ أبي يَعقوبَ، عن اُمِّ المُنذِرِ بنتِ قَيسٍ الأنصاريَّةِ قالَت: دَخَلَ عَلىَّ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - ومَعَه علىٌّ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو داودَ وسُرَيجُ بنُ النُّعمانِ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ المُعافَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٣). وفِي رِوايَةِ زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ وهْمٌ.\n\n١٩٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى خَلَفِ بنِ أحمدَ الصوفىُّ الإِسفَرَايينِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا سَهلُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه صُهَيبٍ قال: قَدِمتُ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُهاجِرًا وبَينَ يَدَيه التَّمرُ، فقالَ: \"تَعالَ كُلْ\". قال: فجَعَلتُ آكُلُ التَّمرَ. فقالَ: \"تأكُلُ التَّمرَ وبِكَ رَمَدٌ؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: إنِّي أمضَغُه مِن ناحيَةٍ أُخرَى. قال: فتَبَسَّمَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد (٢٧٠٥١). وأخرجه الترمذي عقب (٢٠٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٤٢) من طريق أبى عامر به. وقال الترمذي: جيد غريب.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٥٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٥٣) عن سريج به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٦٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٤ من طريق المعافى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٩١)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٤٣) من طريق ابن المبارك به.","vol":"19","page":524},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4101>بابُ أدويَةِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - سِوَى ما مَضَى في البابِ قَبلَهُ</span>\n\n١٩٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي المُتَوَكِّلِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، أن رَجُلًا جاءَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: إنَّ بَطنَ أخِى قَدِ استَطلَقَ (^١). فقالَ: \"اسقِه العَسَلَ\". فأَتاه (^٢) فقالَ: قَد سَقَيتُه فلَم يَزِدْه إلَّا استِطلاقًا. فقالَ: \"اسقِه عَسَلًا\". في الثّالِثَةِ أوِ الرّابِعَةِ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"صَدَقَ اللهُ وكَذَبَ بَطنُ أخيكَ، اسقِه عَسَلًا\". فسَقاه فبَرَأَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ مُثنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَفيدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سلمةَ اللَّبَقِىُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"عَلَيكُم بالشِّفاءَيْنِ؛ العَسَلِ والقُرآنِ\" (^٥). رَفعُه غَيرُ مَعروفٍ، والصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) استطلق: يعني أصابه الإسهال. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٢) في م: \"فسقاه\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٨٢) عن محمد بن بشار به. وأحمد (١١٨٧١)، والنسائي في الكبرى عقب (٧٥٦١) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧١٦)، ومسلم (٢٢١٧/ ٩١).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٥٢)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٦٥، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٠ من طريق على بن سلمة به، وعند ابن عدى: على بن سلم. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٧/ ١٣٣، والخطيب في =","vol":"19","page":525},{"text":"ورَواه وكيعٌ عن سُفيانَ مَوقوفًا (^١).\n\n١٩٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ شاذانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أخبرَنا إسرائيلُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ: في القُرآنِ شِفاءانِ؛ القُرآنُ والعَسَلُ، القُرآنُ شِفاءٌ لِما في الصُّدورِ، والعَسَلُ شِفاءٌ مِن كُلِّ داءٍ (^٢). هذا هو الصَّحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\nورَواه أيضًا الأعمَشُ عن خَيثَمَةَ والأسوَدِ عن عبدِ اللهِ مَوقوفًا (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ لِلشّونيزِ: \"عَلَيكُم بهَذِه الحَبَّةِ السَّوداءِ؛ فإنَّ فيها شِفاءً\n_________\n= تاريخه ١١/ ٣٨٥ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٠٦٤٣ - طبعة عوامة)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٠ من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٩٥٧ من طريق إسرائيل به. والطبراني (٩٠٧٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٠ من طريق الأعمش به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٠٣٨، ٣٠٥٢٠) من طريق الأعمش عن خيثمة عن الأسود عن ابن مسعود.","vol":"19","page":526},{"text":"مِن كُلِّ شَئٍ - أو داءٍ - إلَّا السّامَ\". يُريدُ به المَوتَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأَخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ نُفَيلٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"الكَمْأَةُ (^٣) مِنَ المَنِّ، وماؤُها شِفاءٌ لِلعَينِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٥)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٦).\n\n١٩٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن سَعدًا قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَصَبَّحَ سَبعَ (^٧) تَمَراتٍ مِن عَجوَةٍ لَم يَضُرَّه ذَلِكَ اليَومَ سَمٌّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٦٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٣٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢١٥/ ٨٨)، والبخاري (٥٩٨٨).\n(^٣) الكمأة: جمع كَمْء - على عكس القياس - وهو نبات يُنَقِّض الأرض فيخرج كما يخرج الفطر. اللسان ١/ ١٤٨ (ك م أ). قال أبو عبيد: يقال واللَّه أعلم: إنما شبهها بالمن الذي كان يسقط على بنى إسرائيل؛ لأن ذلك كان ينزل عليهم عفوا بلا علاج منهم، إنما كانوا يصبحون وهو بأفنيتهم فيتناولونه. غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٧٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه الحميدي (٨١)، وأحمد (١٦٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٥٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٤٩/ ١٦١).\n(^٦) البخاري (٤٤٧٨)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٩/ ١٥٧، ١٥٨).\n(^٧) في م: \"بسبع\".","vol":"19","page":527},{"text":"ولا سِحْرٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن أبي بَدرٍ (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هاشِمٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٥٩٨ - ورَواه أبو طَوالَةَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عامِرِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن أكَلَ سَبعَ تَمَراتٍ مِمّا بَينَ لابَتَيْها (^٤) حينَ يُصبِحُ لَم يَضُرَّه سَمٌّ (^٥) حَتَّى يُمسِىَ\". أخبرَناه [أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ] (^٦)، أخبرَنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الدَّيْبُلِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ الصّائغُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٨).\n\n١٩٥٩٩ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفاكِهِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبي مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٩٠٨). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٤٧/ ١٥٥ م).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤٤٥، ٥٧٦٩)، ومسلم (٢٠٤٧/ ١٥٥).\n(^٤) تقدم معناها في (٨١١٩).\n(^٥) في م: \"شيء\".\n(^٦) في الأصل: \"أبو بكر بن أبي إسحاق\"، وفى س: \"أبو بكر بن إسحاق\"، وفي حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وكتب فوقها: \"حـ\".\n(^٧) المصنف في الشعب (٥٨٧٥). وأخرجه الدورقى في مسند سعد (٣٧) من طريق القعنبى به. وأحمد (١٤٤٢)، وأبو يعلى (٧٨٦) من طريق أبى طوالة به.\n(^٨) مسلم (٢٠٤٧/ ١٥٤).","vol":"19","page":528},{"text":"أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طارِقِ بنِ شِهابٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنّ اللهَ ﷿ لَم يُنزِلْ داءً إلَّا وضَعَ (^١) له شِفاءً إلَّا السّامَ، فعَلَيكُم بأَلبانِ البَقَرِ؛ فإِنَّها تَرُمُّ (^٢) مِن كُلِّ شَجَرٍ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكْرمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن امرأَةٍ مِن أهلِه، عن مُلَيكَةَ بنتِ عمرٍو الجُعفيَّةِ أنَّها قالَت لَها: عَلَيكِ بسَمنِ البَقَرِ مِنَ الذُّبحَةِ (^٤) أو مِنَ القَرحَتَينِ، فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إنَّ ألبانَها - أو لَبَنَها - شِفاءٌ، وسَمنَها دَواءٌ، ولَحمَها - أو لُحومَها - داءٌ\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ بنُ خَلَفٍ الدّورِىُّ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"أنزل\".\n(^٢) في س: \"برء\". وتَرُمُّ: تأكل. النهاية ٢/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٣) الفاكهى في فوائده (١٢٩). وأخرجه الطيالسي (٣٦٦)، والبزار (١٤٥١)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٩٧ من طريق المسعودى به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٨٦٣، ٦٨٦٥)، وابن حبان (٦٠٧٥) من طريق قيس بن مسلم به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٤٢: رواه ابن مهدى عن الثوري فأرسله، ورواه الربيع بن لوط عن قيس فوقفه، وله طرق.\n(^٤) الذبحة: داء كالخناق يأخذ الحلق فيقتل صاحبه. وقال ابن شميل: هي قرحة تخرج في الحلق. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٦٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٥٩٥٦). وأخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٤٥٠)، والطبراني ٢٥/ ٤٢ (٧٩) من طريق أبى خيثمة به.","vol":"19","page":529},{"text":"عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يونُسَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ -، أنَّها كانَت تأمُرُ بالتَّلْبينَةِ لِلمَريضِ والمَحزونِ على الهالِكِ، وتَقولُ: إنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"التَّلبينَةُ تُجِمُّ فُؤادَ المَريضِ، وتُذهِبُ بَعضَ الحُزْنِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن حِبّانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ هَكَذا (^٢)، وأَخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ عن عُقَيلٍ (^٣)، وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الجَنائزِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا أيمَنُ بنُ نابِلٍ، حَدَّثَتنِى فاطِمَةُ بنتُ أبى لَيثٍ، عن أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عمرِو بنِ أبي عَقرَبٍ قالَت: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - تَقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"عَلَيكَ بالتَّلبينِ البَغيضِ النّافِعِ، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه إنَّه يَغسِلُ بَطنَ أحَدِكُم كما يَغسِلُ أحَدُكُم وجهَه بالماءِ مِنَ الوَسَخِ\". وقالَت: كان إذا اشتَكَى أحَدٌ مِن أهلِه شَيئًا لا تَزالُ البُرمَةُ على النَّارِ حَتَّى يأتِىَ على أحَدِ طَرَفَيهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١٢/ ٦٢، والطبراني في الأوسط (٩٠٠١) من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٦٨٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٤١٧)، ومسلم (٢٢١٦/ ٩٠).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٧١٧٩).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٥٠) عن روح به. والنسائي (٧٥٧٥، ٧٥٧٦)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٥، ٤٠٧ من طريق أيمن بن نابل به. ومعنى: حتى يأتى على أحد طرفيه: إما أن يفيق أو يموت. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣١.","vol":"19","page":530},{"text":"١٩٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أُمِّ قَيسٍ بنتِ مِحصَنٍ أُختِ عُكّاشَةَ بنِ مِحصَنٍ الأسَديَّةَ قالَت: دَخَلتُ بابنٍ لِى على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قَد أعلَقتُ عَلَيه - أو قال: عنه - مِنَ العُذرَةِ قال: \"علامَ تَدْغَرنَ أولادَكُنَّ بهَذا العِلاقِ؟! عَلَيكُنَّ بهَذا العودِ الهِندِىِّ؛ فإِنَّ فيه شِفاءً مِن سَبعَةِ أشفيَةٍ؛ يُسعَطُ به مِنَ العُذرَةِ، ويُلَدُّ به مِن ذاتِ الجَنبِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وابنِ أبي عُمَرَ وغَيرِهِما عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٠٤ - قال فيه ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ: يَعنِى القُسطَ. وذَلِكَ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه وقالَ: \"فإِنَّ فيه أشفيَةً\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمّامِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن مَيمونٍ أبى عبدِ اللهِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"تداوَوا مِن ذاتِ الجَنْبِ بالزَّيتِ والقُسْطِ البحرِىِّ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٧٨٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧١٣)، ومسلم (٢٢١٤/ ٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (٢٢١٤/ ٨٦) من طريق ابن أبي عمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٨٩)، والترمذي (٢٠٧٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٨٩) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب صحيح.","vol":"19","page":531},{"text":"ورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَيمونٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: نَعَتَ لَنا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -[ذاتَ الجَنبِ] (^١) ورسًا وزَيتًا وقُسطًا (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ رافِعٍ الأشجَعِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"ماذا في الأمَرَّينِ مِنَ الشِّفاءِ: الصَّبِرُ والثُّفّاءُ! (^٣) \". أورَدَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ الدَّواءِ السَّعوطُ، واللَّدودُ، والحِجامَةُ، والمَشِىُّ (^٥)، والعَلَقُ (^٦) \". هذا مُرسَلٌ أورَدَه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: س، وفي مصادر التخريج: \"من ذات الجنب\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٦٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠٢ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن ميمون به.\n(^٣) الثُّفَّاء: هو الخردل. وقيل: الحُرْف، ويسميه أهل العراق حَبَّ الرشاد، وجعله مُرًّا للحروفة التي فيه ولذعه للسان. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢١٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١٣/ ٣٤٢ عن قتيبة بن سعيد عن الليث به.\n(^٥) في حاشية الأصل: \"المشى هو الدواء المُسْهل. والله أعلم\" اهـ. وفى النهاية ٤/ ٣٣٥: لأنه يحمل شاربه على المشى والتردد إلى الخلاء.\n(^٦) العَلَق: دويبة حمراء تكون في الماء تعلق بالبدن وتمص الدم، وهى من أدوية الحلق والأورام الدموية؛ لامتصاصها الدم الغالب على الإنسان. النهاية ٣/ ٢٩٠.\nوالحديث عند المصنف في الآداب (٩١٠).\n(^٧) أبو داود في المراسيل - كما في تحفة الأشراف ١٣/ ٢٤٤.","vol":"19","page":532},{"text":"ورَواه عَبّادُ بنُ مَنصورٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"خَيرُ ما تَداوَيتُم به السَّعوطُ، واللَّدودُ، والحِجامَةُ، والمَشِىُّ\" (^١).\nوروّينا فيما مَضَى عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، أن النَّبِىَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"عَلَيكُم بالإِثمِدِ؛ فإِنَّه يَجلو البَصَرَ ويُنبِتُ الشَّعَرَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: سأَلَنِى رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: \"بماذا تَستَمشينَ؟ \". قُلتُ: بالشُّبرُمِ (^٣). قال: \"حارٌّ\". قالَت: ثُمَّ قُلتُ: استَمشَيتُ بالسَّنا (^٤). قال: \"إن كان في شَئٍ شِفاءٌ مِنَ المَوتِ لَكانَ في السَّنا\" (^٥). هَكَذا رَواه أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، وخالَفَه أبو أُسامَةَ عن عبدِ الحَميدِ في إسنادِه فقالَ: عن زُرعَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَياضِىِّ الأنصارِىِّ - وقيلَ: ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٤٧، ٢٠٤٨) من طريق عباد به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٠٣٦).\n(^٣) الشبرم: هو حبٌّ يشبه الحمص، يطبخ ويشرب ماؤه. وقيل: إنه نوع من الشيح. النهاية ٢/ ٤٤٠، وينظر الفائق ٢/ ٢١٩.\n(^٤) السَّنا: نبت يتداوى به، وهو مُسهل للصفراء والسوداء والبلغم كيف استعمل. ينظر التاج ٣٨/ ٣١٣ (س ن ى).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني في الكبير ٢٤/ ١٥٥ (٣٩٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠١ من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به. والترمذي (٢٠٨١) من طريق عبد الحميد بن جعفر به.","vol":"19","page":533},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ - عن مَولًى لمَعمَرٍ التَّيمِىِّ عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَروانَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِىُّ، سَمِعتُ شَدّادَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مِن ولَدِ شَدّادِ بنِ أوسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى عَبلَةَ قال: انطَلَقتُ مَعَ ابنِ الدَّيلَمِىِّ حَتَّى دَخَلنا على أبى أُبَىٍّ الأنصارِىِّ فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"السَّنا والسَّنّوتُ فيهِما دَواءٌ مِن كُلِّ داءٍ\". قال: فقيلَ لإِبراهيمَ: وما السَّنّوتُ؟ فقالَ: أمَا سَمِعتَ قَولَ الشّاعِرِ:\nهُمُ السَّمنُ بالسَّنّوتِ لا أَلْسَ فيهِمُ وهُم يَمنَعونَ الجارَ أن يُتَقَرَّدا (^٢)\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ بكرِ بنِ تَميمٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي عَبلَةَ وزادَ فيه: \"إلَّا السّامَ\" (^٣). وفَسَّرَ عمرٌو السَّنّوتَ في هذا الحديثِ بالعَسَلِ، وأَمّا في غَريبِ كَلامِ العَرَبِ فهو رُبُّ (^٤) عُكَّةِ السَّمنِ (^٥) يَخرُجُ خِطَطًا سودًا على السَّمنِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الشِّعرَ وفَسَّرَ قَولَه: لا ألسَ فيهِم. قال: لا غِشَّ فيهِم. وقَولُه: أن يُتَقَرَّدا. أي: لا يُستَذَلَّ جارُهُم.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (٢٧٠٨٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٦١)، والطبراني ٢٤/ ١٥٤ (٣٩٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به، وعندهم: زرعة بن عبد الرحمن.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة ٣/ ١٠٣ (٤٠٢٤) من طريق عبد الله بن مروان به. دون ذكر الديلمي، ولا بيت الشعر.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٥٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٠١ من طريق عمرو بن بكر به.\n(^٤) الرُّبُّ: هو ما يسيل من دبس الرطب مثل العسل إذا طبخ. المصباح المنير ص ٨٢ (ر ب ب).\n(^٥) العكة: أصغر من القربة. العين ١/ ٦٦.","vol":"19","page":534},{"text":"١٩٦١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الصَّنعانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الدَّبَرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ بَحيرِ بنِ رَيْسانَ قال: أخبرَنِى مَن سَمِعَ فروَةَ بنَ مُسَيكٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أرضًا عِندَنا يُقالُ لَها: أرضُ أبيَنَ (^١)، وهِىَ أرضُ ريفِنا وميرَتِنا (^٢)، وهِىَ وبِئَةٌ. أو قال: وباؤُها شَديدٌ. قال: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ - ﷺ -: \"دَعْها عَنكَ، فإنَّ مِنَ القَرَفِ التَّلَفَ\" (^٣).\nقال القُتَيبِىُّ: القَرَفُ مُداناةُ الوَباءِ والمَرَضِ. قال أبو سُلَيمانَ: وهَذا مِن بابِ الطِّبِّ؛ لأنَّ فسادَ الأهواءِ مِن أضَرِّ الأشياءِ وأَسرَعِها إلَى إسقامِ البَدَنِ عِندَ الأطِبّاءِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ رَحِمَه اللهُ تَعالَى: وهَذا نَظيرُ قَولِه - ﷺ -: \"إذا سَمِعتُم به في أرضٍ فلا تَقدَموا عَلَيه\" (^٥). وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ بمَشيئَةِ اللهِ وإِذنِه، ولا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلَّا باللهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4102>بابُ لا تُكرِهوا مَرضاكُم على الطَّعامِ والشَّرابِ</span>\n\n١٩٦١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ\n_________\n(^١) أَبْيَن: مخلاف - إقليم - باليمن، منه عدن. معجم البلدان ١/ ٨٦، مراصد الاطلاع ١/ ٢٢.\n(^٢) الميرة: هي الطعام ونحوه مما يجلب للبيع. النهاية ٤/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (١٣٦٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٦٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٧٤٢)، وأبو داود (٣٩٢٣).\n(^٤) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٣٦.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٦٦٣٠، ١٤٣٦٠).","vol":"19","page":535},{"text":"ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ زيادٍ بقَريَةِ حَدَادَةَ (^١) قالا: حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُلَيِّ بنِ رَباحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا تُكرِهوا مَرضاكُم على الطَّعامِ والشَّرابِ، فإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُطعِمُهُم ويَسقيهِم\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى نَصرٍ إسنادًا ومَتنًا. تَفَرَّدَ به بكرُ بنُ يونُسَ بنِ بُكَيرٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُلَىٍّ وهو مُنكَرُ الحديثِ (^٣)، قالَه البُخارِيُّ (^٤).\nورَواه عليُّ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ الرِّفاعِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الوَليدِ اليَشكُرِىُّ عن مالكٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - مَرفوعًا (^٥). وهو باطِلٌ لا أصلَ له مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ.\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل \"كذا\". والحدادة: قرية بين بسطام ودامغان. وقيل: بين قومس والرى من منازل حاج خراسان. التاج ٨/ ١٣ (ح د د).\n(^٢) المصنف في الآداب (٩١١)، والحاكم ١/ ٣٥٠ وصححه، وعنده \"يونس بن بكير\" بدلًا من: \"بكر بن يونس\". وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٠٤٠) من طريق أبى كريب به، وقال: حسن غريب. وابن ماجه (٣٤٤٤) وأبو يعلى (٢١٧٤١)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٩٣ (٨٠٧) من طريق بكر بن يونس به.\n(^٣) هو بكر بن يونس بن بكرٍ الشيبانى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٣٩٣، وتهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٢٣٢، وتهذيب التهذيب ١/ ٤٨٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ١٠٧: ضعيف.\n(^٤) التاريخ الصغير ٢/ ٢٦٤.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٨٥٠ من طريق على بن قتيبة به. وابن حبان في المجروحين ٢/ ٢٩٢ من طريق محمد بن الوليد به.","vol":"19","page":536},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4103>بابُ إباحَةِ الرُّقيَةِ بكِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ وبِما يُعرَفُ مِن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n١٩٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، أخبرَنا سُلَيمانُ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، عن أبيه قال: سأَلتُ عائشةَ - ﵂ - عن الرُّقيَةِ مِنَ الحُمَةِ فقالَت: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الرُّقيَةِ مِن كُلِّ ذِى حُمَةٍ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن عبدِ الواحِدِ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَعبَدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: أمَرَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن أستَرقِىَ مِنَ العَينِ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، وأَخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٢٦)، والنسائي قى الكبرى (٧٥٣٩) وأبو يعلى (٤٩٠٩، ٤٩٣٨) من طريق الشيبانى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٤١)، ومسلم (٢١٩٣/ ٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣٤٥)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٥١٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٧٣٨)، ومسلم (٢١٩٥/ ٥٦).","vol":"19","page":537},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيدِىُّ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ - ﵂ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - رأَى في بَيتِها جاريَةً في وجهِها سفْعَةٌ (^١) فقالَ: \"لَوِ استَرقوا لَها؟، فإِنَّ بها نَظَرَةً (^٢) \" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ بِشْرِ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِيُّ بمِثلِ إسنادِه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لجاريَةٍ في بَيتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - رأَى بوَجهِها سَفْعَةً فقالَ: \"بها نَظَرَةٌ فاستَرقوا لَها\" (^٤). يَعنِى بوَجهِها صُفرَةٌ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ خالِدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ وهبِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ الدِّمَشقِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) قال عياض: رويناه بالوجهين. يعني بفتح السين وضمها. وفسرها في الحديث: صفرة؛ وهذا غير معروف في اللغة. وقيل: معناه: علامة من الشيطان. وقيل: ضربة وأخذة من الشيطان. . . مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٦. وينظر غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ١٨٩.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطت في الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"صح\". والنظرة: الإصابة بالعين، وكأن المعنى أن السفعة أدركتها من قبل النظرة، فاطلبوا لها الرقية. الفائق ٢/ ١٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٣٤٤ (٨٠١) من طريق محمد بن حرب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٩١٨)، وابن السنى في عمل اليوم والليلة (٥٧٤) من طريق أبى الربيع به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٧٣٩)، ومسلم (٢١٩٧/ ٥٩).","vol":"19","page":538},{"text":"أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن أسماءَ بنتِ عُمَيسٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: قُلتُ: أي رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ بَنِى جَعفَرٍ تُصيبُهُمُ العَينُ، أفأَستَرقِى لهم؟ قال: \"نَعَم، ولَو كان شَئٌ يَسبِقُ القَدَرَ لَسَبقَته العَينُ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦١٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ حَمدُويَه بنِ سَهلِ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ رِفاعَةَ الزُّرَقِىِّ، أن أسماءَ بنتَ عُمَيسٍ - ﵂ - قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"القَضاءَ\". بَدَلَ \"القَدَرَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٦١٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن حُصَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"لا رُقيَةَ إلَّا مِن عَينٍ أو حُمَةٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (٢٠٥٩) عن عبد الرزاق به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٣٧) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤٧٠)، والترمذي (٢٠٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٥١٠) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٠٨)، وأبو داود (٣٨٨٤) من طريق مالك بن مغول به. والترمذي (٢٠٥٧) =","vol":"19","page":539},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلمُ: هُما أولَى بالرُّقَى؛ لِما فيهِما مِن زيادَةِ الضَّرَرِ، والحُمَةُ سَمُّ ذَواتِ السُّمومِ.\n\n١٩٦١٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في الرُّقيَةِ مِنَ اللَّقوَةِ والنَّمْلَةِ والحُمَةِ. كَذا في كِتابِى: اللَّقوَةِ.\n\n١٩٦٢٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه وقالَ: مِنَ العَينِ. بَدَلَ: اللِّقوَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوقالَ أبو عُبَيدٍ قال: الأصمَعِيُّ: النَّمْلَةُ هِىَ قُروحٌ تَخرُجُ في الجَنبِ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n= من طريق حصين به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٨٩).\n(^١) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٨٨٨، ٢٣٨٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٧٣)، والترمذي (٢٠٥٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٥١٦)، وابن حبان (٦١٠٤) من طريق سفيان به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٤١) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٩٦/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٨٤.","vol":"19","page":540},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِبَنِى عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ في رُقيَةِ الحَيَّةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَهلٍ محمدُ بنُ نَصرُويَه المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال لأسماءَ: \"ما لِى أرَى أجسامَ بَنِى أخِى ضارِعَةً (^٢)؟. أتُصيبُهُم حاجَةٌ؟ \". قالَت: لا، ولَكِنَّ العَينَ تُسرعُ إلَيهِم، أفأَرقيهِم؟ قال: \"وبِماذا؟ \". فعَرَضَتْ عَلَيه كَلامًا لا بأسَ به، فقالَ: \"نَعَمِ ارْقيهِم\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مُدرَجًا في الأوَّلِ مِن حَديثِ أبى عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ وأبو العباسِ النَّضرُوِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: لَدَغَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦١٠٢) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) الضارع: النحيف الضاوى الجسم. النهاية ٣/ ٨٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٥٧٣)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٧ من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٩٨/ ٦٠).","vol":"19","page":541},{"text":"رَجُلًا مِنا عَقرَبٌ ونَحنُ جُلوسٌ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرقيهِ؟ فقالَ: \"مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُم أن يَنفَعَ أخاه فليَنْفَعْه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الرُّقَى، وكانَ عِندَ آلِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ رُقيَةٌ يَرقونَ بها مِنَ العَقرَبِ، فأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ نَهَيتَ عن الرُّقَى، وكانَت عِندَنا رُقيَةٌ نَرقِى بها مِنَ العَقرَبِ. قال: \"فاعْرِضْها عليَّ\". فعَرَضَها عَلَيه فقالَ: \"ما أرَى بأسًا، مَنِ استَطاعَ مِنكُم أن يَنفَعَ أخَاه فليَنْفَعْه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا نَرقِى في الجاهِليَّةِ فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما تَقولُ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١٠٢) عن روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٩٩/ ٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٨٢) عن أبي معاوية به. وابن ماجه (٣٥١٥)، وابن حبان (٦٠٩٧، ٦٠٩١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢١٩٩/ ٦٣).","vol":"19","page":542},{"text":"ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: \"اعرِضوا عليَّ رُقاكُم، لا بأسَ بالرُّقَى ما لَم يَكُنْ فيه شِركٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الطّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ المشّاطُ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ، عن الشِّفاءِ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - على حَفصَةَ وأَنا عِندَها، فقالَ لِي: \"ألا تُعَلِّميها رُقيَةَ النَّملَةِ كما عَلَّمتيها الكِتابَةَ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن أبا خِزامَةَ حَدَّثَه، أن أباه حَدَّثَه أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أرأَيتَ دَواءً نَتَداوَى به، ورُقًى نَسْتَرقِيها (^٤)، واتِّقاءً نَتَّقيها، هَل يَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ مِن شَئٍ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إنَّه مِن قَدَرِ اللَّهِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٨٩٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٨٦)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢١٢ من طريق ابن وهب به. والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٨، والطبراني ١٨/ ٤٩ (٨٨) من طريق معاوية به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٠٠/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٩٥)، وأبو داود (٣٨٨٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٧٥٤٣) من طريق عبد العزيز به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٩١).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"نسترقى بها\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦٣)، وابن وهب في جامعه (٦٩٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٥٤٧٤). =","vol":"19","page":543},{"text":"١٩٦٢٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الفارِسِيُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو خِزامَةَ أحَدُ بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، أن أباه أخبَرَه، أنَّه سأَلَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه (^١). قال يَعقوبُ: أبو خِزامَةَ ابنُ مَعمَرٍ السَّعدِيُّ سَعدُ هُذَيمٍ قُضاعِيٌّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىُّ القاضِي، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى خزامَةَ زَيدِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن أبيه، أنَّه سأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. كَذا قال، والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشيخُ: وروِىَ عن مَعمَرٍ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ أبي خِزَامَةَ عن أبيه (^٣). والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ.\n\n١٩٦٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: دَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ عَلَيها\n_________\n= وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ١٩٩ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به.\n(^١) المصنف في القضاء والقدر (١٧١)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤١٢. وأخرجه تمام في فوائده (١٠١٤ - الروض) من طريق أبى صالح به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤١٢. وينظر الإصابة ١٢/ ١٨٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٧٢)، والترمذي (٢١٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٣٧) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"19","page":544},{"text":"وعِندَها يَهوديَّةٌ تَرقيها، فقالَ: ارْقِيها بكِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: سأَلتُ الشّافِعِيَّ عن الرُّقيَةِ فقالَ: لا بأسَ أن يَرقِىَ الرَّجُلُ بكِتابِ اللَّهِ وما يُعرَفُ مِن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ. قُلتُ: أيَرقِى أهلُ الكِتابِ المُسلِمينَ؟ فقالَ: نَعَم، إذا رَقَوْا بما يُعرَفُ مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ أو (^٢) ذِكرِ اللَّهِ. فقُلتُ: وما الحُجَّةُ في ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: غَيرُ حُجَّةٍ؛ فأَمّا رِوايَةُ صاحِبِنا وصاحِبِكَ فإِنَّ مالكًا أخبرَنا عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمْرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أن أبا بكرٍ دَخَلَ على عائشةَ وهِىَ تَشتَكِى ويَهوديَّةٌ تَرْقِيها، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: ارْقِيها بكِتابِ اللَّهِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والأخبارُ فيما رَقَى به النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - ورُقِىَ به، وفيما تَداوَى به وأَمَرَ بالتَّداوِى به، كَثيرَةٌ، قَد أخرَجتُ بَعضَ ما ورَدَ في الرُّقَى في كِتابِ \"الدعوات\"، وبِاللهِ التَّوفِيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4104>بابُ التَّمائمِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن ابنِ أخِى زَينَبَ امرأَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٩٢٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) في م: \"و\".\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٥٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٢٨، ومالك ٢/ ٩٤٣.","vol":"19","page":545},{"text":"يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ، عن زَينَبَ امرأَةِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"إنَّ الرُّقَى والتَّمائمَ والتِّوَلَةَ شِركٌ\". قالَت: قُلتُ: لِمَ تَقولُ هَذا؟ واللَّهِ لَقَد كانَت عَينِى تقذفُ (^١)، فكُنتُ أختَلِفُ إلَى فُلانٍ اليَهودِيِّ يَرقينِى، فإِذا رَقانِي سَكَنَتْ. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنَّما كان ذاك عَمَلَ الشَّيطانِ؛ كان يَنخَسُها بيَدِه فإِذا رَقاها كَفَّ عَنها، إنَّما كان يَكفيكِ أن تَقولِى كما كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \" [أذْهِبِ الباسَ، رَبَّ النّاسِ] (^٢)، اشْفِ أنتَ الشّافِى، لا شِفاءَ إلَّا شِفاؤُكَ، شِفاءً لا يُغادِرُ سَقَمًا\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ قال: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا جَريرٌ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ بنِ عُمَيلَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن عَمِّه عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يَكرَهُ عَشْرَ خِلالٍ: تَخَتُّمَ الذَّهَبِ، وجَرَّ الإِزارِ، والصُّفرَةَ يَعنِى الخَلوقَ، وتَغييرَ الشَّيبِ، والرُّقَى إلَّا بالمُعَوِّذاتِ، وعَقدَ التَّمائمِ، والضَّربَ بالكِعابِ، والتَّبَرُّجَ بالزّينَةِ لِغَيرِ مَحِلِّها، وعَزلَ الماءِ عن\n_________\n(^١) تقذف: على بناء المجهول: أي تُرمى بما يهيج الوجع، وبصيغة الفاعل؛ أي ترمى بالرمص - وهو ما جمد من الوسخ في مؤخر العين - أو الدمع. عون المعبود ٤/ ١١.\n(^٢) في س: \"اللهم\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦١٥) عن أبي معاوية به. وابن ماجه (٣٥٣٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٨٨).","vol":"19","page":546},{"text":"مَحِلِّه، وإِفسادَ الصَّبِىِّ غَيرَ مَحرَمِهِ (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: أمّا التِّوَلَةُ فهِىَ بكَسرِ التّاءِ؛ وهو الَّذِى يُحَبِّبُ المَرأَةَ إلَى زَوجِها وهو مِنَ السِّحرِ، وذَلِكَ لا يَجوزُ، وأَمّا الرُّقَى والتَّمائمُ، فإِنَّما أرادَ عبدُ اللَّهِ ما كان بغَيرِ لِسانِ العَرَبيَّةِ مِمّا لا يُدرَى ما هوَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والتَّميمَةُ يُقالُ: إنَّها خَرَزَةٌ كانوا يَتَعَلَّقونَها يُرَونَ أنَّها تَدفَعُ عَنهُمُ الآفاتِ. ويُقالُ: قِلادَةٌ تُعَلَّقُ فيها العوَذُ.\n\n١٩٦٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيْوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ، أن خالِدَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ المَعافِرِيَّ حَدَّثَه، عن أبي المُصعَبِ مِشرَحِ (^٣) بنِ هَاعَانَ أنَّه سَمِعَه يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"مَن عَلَّقَ تَميمَةً فلا أتَمَّ اللّهُ له، ومَن عَلَّقَ ودَعَةً فلا ودَعَ اللهُ له\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٤٤٤٧، ١٥٧٨٣، ١٥٧٨٤) وقوله: مَحْرَمِه. كذا ضبطت في الأصل هنا وفيما تقدم في (١٤٤٤٧) وينظر التعليق عليه هناك. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٤٨: قال البخاري: لم يصح هذا. قلت - أي الذهبى -: وفيه العزل والخضاب وقد جاء الجواز فيهما ثابتا.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٥٠، ٥١.\n(^٣) ضبطها في الأصل: بفتح الميم وكسرها، وفى القاموس المحيط (ش ر ح)، والتقريب ٢/ ٢٥٠ ضبط بكسر الميم.\n(^٤) ابن وهب في جامعه (٦٦٢)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٦٠٨٦). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢١٦ عن أبي العباس به. وأحمد (١٧٤٠٤)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٥٩). من طريق حيوة به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٤٩: خالد لم يضعف تفرد به.","vol":"19","page":547},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهَذا أيضًا يَرجِعُ مَعناه إلَى ما قال أبو عُبَيدٍ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ذَلِكَ وما أشبَهَه مِنَ النَّهىِ والكَراهيةِ فيمَن تَعَلَّقَها وهو يَرَى تَمامَ العافيَةِ وزَوالَ العِلَّةِ مِنها على ما كان أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ يَصنَعونَ، فأَمّا مَن تَعَلَّقَها مُتَبَرِّكًا بذِكرِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى فيها وهو يَعلَمُ أن لا كاشِفَ إلَّا اللهُ، ولا دافَعَ عنه سِوَاه، فلا بأسَ بها إن شاءَ اللهُ.\n\n١٩٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: لَيسَتِ التَّميمَةُ ما يُعَلَّقُ قبلَ البَلاءِ، إنَّما التَّميمَةُ ما يُعَلَّقُ بَعدَ البَلاءِ؛ ليُدفَعَ به المَقاديرُ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٣٦ - ورَواه عبدانُ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ وقالَ في مَتنِه: إنَّها قالَت: التَّمائمُ ما عُلِّقَ قبلَ نُزولِ البَلاءِ، وما عُلِّقَ بَعدَ نُزولِ البَلاءِ فلَيسَ بتَميمَةٍ. أنبأَنيه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إجازَةً، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، أخبرَنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أخبرَنا عبدانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا أصَحُّ.\n\n١٩٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٥، والحاكم ٤/ ٢١٧ من طريق ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٤١٨. وفيه: \"الحسن بن حكيم\" بدلًا من: \"الحسن بن حليم\" وهو خطأ.","vol":"19","page":548},{"text":"ابنُ الحارِثِ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - أنَّها قالَت: لَيسَت بتَميمَةٍ ما عُلِّقَ بَعدَ أن يَقَعَ البَلاءُ (^١). وهَذا يَدُلُّ على صِحَّةِ رِوايَةِ عبدانَ.\n\n١٩٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أخبرَنا أبو عامِرٍ الخَزّازُ (^٢)، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ أنَّه دَخَلَ على النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - وفِي عُنُقِه حَلقَةٌ مِن صُفرٍ (^٣) فقالَ: \"ما هَذِهِ؟ \". قال: مِنَ الواهِنَةِ (^٤). قال: \"أيَسُرُّكَ أن تُوكَلَ إلَيها؟ انبِذْها عَنكَ\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا الفَقيهُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن أخيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن وهب في جامعه (٦٧٥)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٢٥. وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢١٧ عن أبي العباس به.\n(^٢) س، م: \"الخراز\".\n(^٣) الصفر: النحاس. المصباح المنير ص ١٣١ (ص ف ر).\n(^٤) الواهنة: عِرْق يأخذ في المنكب وفى اليد كلها. وقيل: هو مرض يأخذ في العضد، وهى تأخذ الرجال دون النساء. النهاية ٥/ ٢٣٤. وينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٤٤٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٠٨٨) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٣١) من طريق الحسن به.","vol":"19","page":549},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُكَيمٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَعَلَّقَ عِلاقَةً وُكِلَ إلَيها\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا هارونُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن واقِعِ بنِ سَحْبانَ، عن أُسَيْرِ بنِ جابِرٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: مَن تَعَلَّقَ شَيئًا وُكِلَ إلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٤١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَسَنَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن تَعَلَّقَ شَيئًا وُكِلَ إلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٤٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن فُضَيلٍ، أن سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ كان يَكتُبُ لابنِه المَعَاذَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٤٣ - قال: وسأَلتُ عَطاءً فقالَ: ما كُنّا نَكرَهُها إلَّا شَيئًا جاءَنا مِن قِبَلِكُم.\n\n١٩٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٨٠٤)، وأحمد (١٨٧٨١) عن وكيع به. والترمذي (٢٠٧٢) من طريق محمد بن أبي ليلى به. وقال الترمذى: حديث عبد اللَّه بن عكيم إنما نعرفه من حديث محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى، وعبد اللَّه بن عكيم لم يسمع من النبي - ﷺ -، وكان في زمن النبي - ﷺ - يقول: كتب إلينا رسول اللَّه - ﷺ -.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٨٢١) عن وكيع عن شعبة به دون ذكر أسير بن جابر.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن وهب (٦٧٤) عن جرير به.\n(^٤) المَعاذة: الرقية التي يُرقى الإنسان بها من جنون أو فزع. المخصص لابن سيده ٤/ ٢١.","vol":"19","page":550},{"text":"نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ، أنَّه سأَلَ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ عن الرُّقَى وتَعليقِ الكُتُبِ فقالَ: كان سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ يأمُرُ بتَعليقِ القُرآنِ، وقالَ: لا بأسَ بهِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا كُلُّه يَرجِعُ إلَى ما قُلنا مِن أنَّه إن رُقِىَ بما لا يُعرَفُ، أو على ما كان (^١) أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ مِن إضافَةِ العافيَةِ إلَى الرُّقَى، لَم يَجُزْ، وإِن رُقِىَ بكِتابِ اللَّهِ أو بما يُعرَفُ مِن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ مُتَبَرِّكًا به وهو يَرَى نُزولَ الشِّفاءِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعالَى، فلا بأسَ به، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4105>بابُ النُّشْرَةِ</span>\nقال أبو سُلَيمانَ: النُّشْرَةُ ضَربٌ مِنَ الرُّقيَةِ والعِلاجِ، يُعالَجُ به مَن كان يُظَنُّ مَسَّ الجِنِّ. وقيلَ: سُمّيَت نُشْرَةً لأنَّه يَنشُرُها عنه، أي يَحُلُّ عنه ما خامَرَه مِنَ الدّاءِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليِّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا عَقيلُ بنُ مَعقِلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ وهبَ بنَ مُنَبِّهٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن النُّشْرَةِ فقالَ: \"هو مِن عَمَلِ الشَّيطانِ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وروِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - مُرسَلًا، وهو مَعَ إرسالِه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"من\".\n(^٢) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٢٠.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٦٨)، وأحمد (١٤١٣٥)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٦٢) وعنده من قول جابر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧٧).","vol":"19","page":551},{"text":"أصَحُّ، والقَولُ فيما يُكرَهُ مِنَ النُّشْرَةِ وفيما لا يُكرَهُ كالقَولِ في الرُّقيَةِ، وقَد ذَكَرناه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4106>بابُ الاستِغسالِ لِلمَعينِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قالا: حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"العَينُ حَقٌّ، ولَو كان شَئٌ سابِقَ القَدَرِ سَبقَتْه العَينُ، وإِذا استُغسِلتُم فاغسِلوا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدارمىِّ وحَجّاجِ بنِ الشّاعِرِ وأَحمَدَ بنِ خِراشٍ عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ - ﵂ - قالَت: كان يُؤمَرُ العائنُ فيَتَوَضأُ، ثُمَّ يَغتَسِلُ مِنه المَعينُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦٦) وفيه: \"أبو عبد العزيز الحافظ\" بدلًا من: \"أبو عبد اللَّه الحافظ\"، وفى الشعب (١١٢٢٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٦٢٠)، وابن حبان (٦١٠٨) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. والترمذي (٢٠٦٢) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٨٨/ ٤٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٨٠).","vol":"19","page":552},{"text":"الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ ابنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: مَرَّ عامِرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ على سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ وهو يَغتَسِلُ، فقالَ: لَم أرَ كاليَومِ ولا جِلدَ مُخَبَّأَةٍ (^١). فما لَبِثَ أن لُبِطَ به (^٢)، فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -، فقيلَ له: أدرِكْ سَهلًا صَريعًا. فقالَ: \"مَن تَتَّهِمونَ بهِ؟ \". قالوا: عامِرَ بنَ رَبيعَةَ. فقالَ: \"علامَ يَقتُلُ أحَدُكُم أخاه؟! إذا رأَىَ ها يُعجِبُه فلْيَدْعُ بالبَرَكَةِ\". وأَمَرَه أن يَتَوَضّأَ ويَغسِلَ وجهَه ويَدَيه إلَى مِرفَقَيه ورُكبَتَيه وداخِلَةَ إزارِه، ويَصُبَّ الماءَ عَلَيه. قال مَعمَرٌ: قال الزُّهرِىُّ: ويُكفأُ الإِناءُ مِن خَلفِه. قال سفيانُ: حَدَّثَنِى بهَذا الحديثِ مَعمَرٌ وزادَ فيه هَذا (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو أُمامَةَ ابنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذا الحديثِ إلَّا أنَّه قال: فدَعا عامِرَ بنَ رَبيعَةَ فتَغَيَّظَ عَلَيه وقالَ له: \"علام يَقتُلُ أحَدُكُم أخاه؟! ألا تُبَرِّكُ، اغتَسِلْ له\". فاغتَسَلَ له عامِرٌ، فراحَ سَهلٌ مَعَ الرَّكبِ (^٤). قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: الغُسلُ الَّذِى أدرَكْنا عُلَماءَنا\n_________\n(^١) قال القاضي: يفسره في الحديث الآخر: جلد عذراء، وهى البكر؛ لأن عادتهن التستر تحت الحجال وأن يخبأن من الرجال، فهن ناضرات الجسوم، إذ لا يصيبهن شمس ولا ريح يغير بشرتهن. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٨.\n(^٢) لبط به: صُرع. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١١٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الآداب (٩١٨). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٧٦١٧، ١٠٠٣٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٥٠٩)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٨٩٤) وليس عند النسائي قول معمر عن الزهري.\n(^٤) ابن وهب (٦٤٢). وأخرجه الحاكم ٣/ ٤١١ عن أبي العباس به.","vol":"19","page":553},{"text":"يَصِفونَه، أن يُؤتَى الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى يَعِينُ صاحِبَه بالقَدَحِ فيه الماءُ، فيُمسَكُ له مَرفوعًا مِنَ الأرضِ، فيُدخِلُ الَّذِى يَعينُ صاحِبَه يَدَه اليُمنَى في الماءِ فيَصُبُّ على وجهِه صَبَّةً واحِدَةً في القَدَحِ، [ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى في الماءِ فيَغسِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى إلَى المِرفَقِ بيَدِه اليُسرَى صَبَّةً واحِدَةً في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى فيَغسِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى صَبَّةً واحِدَةً إلَى المِرفَقِ في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَيه جَميعًا في الماءِ صَبَّةً واحِدَةً في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه فيُمَضمِضُ ثُمَّ يَمُجُّه في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَغتَرِفُ مِنَ الماءِ فيَصُبُّه] (^١) على ظَهرِ كَفِّه اليُمنَى صَبَّةً واحِدَةً في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ على مِرفَقِ يَدِه اليُمنَى صَبَّةً واحِدَةً في القَدَحِ وهو ثانِي يَدِه إلَى عُنُقِه، ثُمَّ يَفعَلُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ في مِرفَقِ يَدِه اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ في ظَهرِ قَدَمِه اليُمنَى مِن عِندِ الأصابِعِ، واليُسرَى كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ على رُكبَتِه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ يَفعَلُ باليُسرَى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَغمِسُ داخِلَةَ إزارِه اليُمنَى في الماءِ، ثُمَّ يَقومُ الَّذِى في يَدِه القَدَحُ بالقَدَحِ فيَصُبُّه على رأسِ المَعيونِ مِن ورائِه، ثُمَّ يَكفأُ القَدَحَ على وجهِ الأرضِ مِن ورائِهِ (^٢).\nورَواه ابن أبي ذِئبٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ فقالَ: يُؤتَى الرَّجُلُ العائنُ بقَدَحٍ فيُدخِلُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ثم يدخل يده فيمضمض ثم يمجه، ثم يدخل يده اليسرى فيغترف من الماء\"، وزاد في م: \"فيصبه في الماء فيغسل يده اليمنى إلى المرفق بيده اليسرى صبة واحدة في القدح، ثم يدخل يديه جميعًا في الماء صبة واحدة في القدح ثم يدخل يده فيمضمض ثم يمجه في القدح ثم يدخل يده اليسرى فيغترف من الماء فيصبه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبد البر في الاستذكار ٢٧/ ١٠ (٣٩٩٩٠).","vol":"19","page":554},{"text":"كَفَّه فيه فيَتَمَضمَضُ ثُمَّ يَمُجُّه في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يَغسِلُ وجهَه في القَدَحِ، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ على كَفِّه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى فيَصُبُّ على كَفِّه اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ عليِّ مِرفَقِه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ اليُمنَى فيَصُبُّ على مِرفَقِه اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ عليِّ قَدَمِه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى فيَصُبُّ على قَدَمِه اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُسرَى فيَصُبُّ على رُكبَتِه اليُمنَى، ثُمَّ يُدخِلُ يَدَه اليُمنَى فيَصُبُّ على رُكبَتِه (^١) اليُسرَى، ثُمَّ يَغسِلُ داخِلَةَ إزارِه، ولا يوضَعُ القَدَحُ بالأرضِ، ثُمَّ يُصَبُّ على رأسِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى أُصيبَ بالعَينِ مِن خَلفِه صَبَّةً واحِدَةً (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: إنَّما أرادَ بداخِلَةِ إزارِه طَرَفَ إزارِه الدّاخِلَ الَّذِى يَلِى جَسَدَه (^٣).\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ زادَ فيه: ثُمَّ يُعطى ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِى أصابَه القَدَحَ قبلَ أن يَضَعَه في الأرضِ، فيَحسو مِنه ويَتَمَضمَضُ ويُهَريقُ عليِّ وجهِه، ثُمَّ يَصُبُّ على رأسِه، ثُمَّ يُكفِئُ القَدَحَ عليِّ ظَهرِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"اليمنى ثم يدخل يده اليمنى فيصب على ركبته\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٩٤٢)، ومن طريقه الطبراني (٥٥٧٨)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٣/ ٦١٥، ٦١٦، والنسائي في الكبرى كما في تحفة الأشراف ١/ ٦٦ (١٣٦) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١١٣.","vol":"19","page":555},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4107>جماعُ أبوابِ ما لا يَحِلُّ أكلُه وما يَجوزُ لِلمُضْطَرِّ مِنَ المَيتَةِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4108>بابُ السَّمنِ أوِ الزَّيتِ تَموتُ فيه فأْرَةٌ</span>\n\n١٩٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ الخُوارِزْمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أخبرَنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ الحارِثِ - ﵂ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن فأْرَةٍ سَقَطَت في سَمنٍ فماتَت، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"خُذوها وما حَولَها، وكُلوا سَمنَكُم\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ القاضِي: \"خُذوها وما حَولَها مِنَ السَّمنِ فاطرَحوه\". رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي أوَيسٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ ٢/ ٩٧١، ٩٧٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٦٨٤٧)، والبخاري (٢٣٦)، والنسائي (٤٢٧٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٣٥).","vol":"19","page":556},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ -، عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ -، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن فأْرَةٍ وقَعَت في سَمنٍ فماتَت فيه، فقالَ: \"ألقُوها وما حَولَها وكُلوه\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا بِشْرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِىُّ، أخبرَنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ - ﵄ - يُحَدِّثُ، عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ -، أن فأْرَةً وقَعَت في سَمنٍ فماتَت، فسُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عَنها فقالَ: \"ألقُوها وما حَولَها وكُلوا\". فقيلَ لِسُفيانَ: فإِنَّ مَعمَرًا يُحَدِّثُه عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدٍ عن أبي هريرةَ. قال سفيانُ: ما سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُه إلَّا عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -، ولَقَد سَمِعتُه مِنه مِرارًا (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثثا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ والحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ واللَّفظُ لِلحَسَنِ، قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أخبرَنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٧٩٦)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤١)، والترمذي (١٧٩٨)، والنسائي (٤٢٦٩)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٢) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) الحميدي (٣١٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٥٣٨).","vol":"19","page":557},{"text":"أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"إذا وقَعَتِ الفأْرَةُ في السَّمنِ؛ فإِن كان جامِدًا فأَلقوها وما حَولَها، وإن كان مائعًا فلا تَقرَبوه\" (^١). قال الحَسَنُ: قال: عبدُ الرَّزاقِ: ورُبَّما حَدَّثَ به مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن مَيمونَةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ -. وقالَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ: قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُمَرَ أن مَعمَرًا كان يَرويه أيضًا عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - عن مَيمونَةَ - ﵂ - (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٥٤ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ هو ابنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن فأْرَةٍ وقَعَت في سَمنٍ، فقالَ: \"إن كان جامِدًا أُخِذَت وما حَولَها فأُلقيَت، وإِن كان ذائبًا أو مائعًا لَم يُؤكَلْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُعَمَّرِ بنِ أبانٍ، عن راشِدٍ مَولَى قُرَيشٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه سُئلَ عن فأْرَةٍ وقَعَت في سَمنٍ، فقالَ: إن كان مائعًا فأَلقِه كُلَّه، وإِن كان جامِسًا فألقِ الفأْرَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٤٢)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٧٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٠١)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٣، ١٣٩٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٦٠٢)، وأبو داود (٣٨٤٣)، والنسائي (٤٢٧١)، وابن حبان عقب (١٣٩٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق عن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٨٤١)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٥٣٥٤) من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به.","vol":"19","page":558},{"text":"وما حَولَها وكُلْ ما بَقِىَ (^١). قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: جامِسًا يَعنِى جامِدًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4109>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَجوزُ بَيعُ ما نَجِسَ مِنه</span>\nاستِدلالًا بقَولِه: \"ألقُوها وما حَولَها\". وقَولِه: \"وإِن كان مائعًا فلا تَقرَبوه\".\n\n١٩٦٥٦ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا خالدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن بَرَكَةَ أبى الوَليدِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ - ﵄ - قال: كان النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - في المَسجِدِ، فرَفَعَ بَصرَه إلَى السَّماءِ فتَبَسَّمَ وقالَ: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ، لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ، لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومَ فباعُوها وأَكَلوا أثمانَها، إنَّ اللَّهَ إذا حَرَّمَ علي قَومٍ أكلَ شَيءٍ حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم ثَمَنَه\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4110>بابُ مَن أباحَ الاستِصباحَ (^٤) بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وغَيرُهُم قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن أبيه - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - سُئلَ عن فأْرَةٍ وقَعَت في سَمنٍ، فقالَ: \"ألقوها\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٦٩.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (١٩٨٠). وتقدم في (١١١٥٦، ١١١٥٧).\n(^٤) الاستصباح: أي إيقاد المصباح وهو السراج. طلبة الطلبة ص ٢٤.","vol":"19","page":559},{"text":"وما حَولَها، وكُلوا ما بَقِىَ\". فقيلَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، أفَرأَيتَ إن كان السَّمنُ مائعًا؟ قال: \"انتَفِعوا به ولا تأكُلوه\" (^١).\nعبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٢).\nوروِىَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ هَكَذا، والطَّريقُ إلَيه غَيرُ قَوِىٍّ.\n\n١٩٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الفأرَةِ تَقَعُ في السَّمنِ أوِ الوَدَكِ، فقالَ: \"اطرَحوها وما حَولَها إنْ كان جامِدًا\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فإِن كان مائعًا؟ قال: \"فانتَفِعوا به ولا تأكُلوه\" (^٣).\nوالصَّحيحُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِه مَوقوفًا عَلَيه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ:\n\n١٩٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفَقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أخبرَنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثورِيُّ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - في فأْرَةٍ وقَعَت في زَيتٍ، قال: استَصبِحوا به وادْهُنوا به أدَمَكُم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٦٣). وأخرجه ابن عدى في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٦١ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) تقدم قبل (٨١٣٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٦٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٠٧٧)، والدارقطني (٣٠٧٧) من طريق بكر بن سهل به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٥٣: شعيب احتج به النسائي.\n(^٤) الأدم: بفتحتين وبضمتين جمع الأديم، وهو الجلد المدبوغ. ينظر المصباح المنير (أدم). =","vol":"19","page":560},{"text":"١٩٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ القاسِمِ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ راشدٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ البَرقِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن أبي هارونَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عن الفأْرَةِ تَقَعُ في السَّمنِ والزَّيتِ، قال: \"استَصبِحوا به ولا تأكُلوه\". أو نَحوَ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nقال عليٌّ: ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن أبي هارونَ مَوقوفًا على أبى سعيدٍ.\n\n١٩٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنا عليُّ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبي داودَ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ وأَسيدُ بنُ عاصِمٍ قالا: حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن أبي هارونَ العَبدِىِّ، عن أبي سعيدٍ أنَّه قال في الفأْرَةِ تَقَعُ في السَّمنِ أوِ الزَّيتِ: استَنفِعوا به ولا تأكُلوه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا هو المحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4111>بابُ مَن مَنَعَ الانتِفاعَ بهِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٦٢ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ هو ابنُ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّه\n_________\n= والأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٣/ ٣٩٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٩٢. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٥٣: أبو هارون ضعيف.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٩٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٨٠، ٢٨١) من طريق أبى هارون به.","vol":"19","page":561},{"text":"سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ عامَ الفَتحِ وهو بمَكَّةَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه حَرَّمَ بَيعَ الخَمرِ والمَيتَةِ والخِنزيرِ والأصنامِ\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأَيتَ شُحومَ الميتَةِ؛ فإِنَّه يُطلَى بها السُّفُنُ، ويُدهَنُ بها الجُلودُ، ويَستَصبِحُ بها النّاسُ؟ فقالَ: \"لا، هو حَرامٌ\". قال رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - عِندَ ذَلِكَ: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ اليَهودَ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ لمَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم شُحومَهُما أجمَلوه ثُمَّ باعُوه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أخبَرنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ عامَ الفَتحِ وهو بمَكَّةَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه حَرَّمَ بَيعَ الخَمرِ والمَيتَةِ والخِنزيرِ والأصنامِ\". فقيلَ له عِندَ ذَلِكَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرايتَ شُحومَ المَيتَةِ؛ فإِنَّه يُدهَنُ بها السِّقاءُ والجُلودُ ويَستَصبِحُ بها النّاسُ؟ قال: \"لا، هِىَ حَرامٌ\". ثُمَّ قال عِندَ ذَلِكَ: \"قاتَلَ اللهُ يَهودَ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ لما حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم شُحومَها أجمَلوه ثُمَّ باعُوه فأكَلوا ثَمَنَه\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ومِنَ العُلَماءِ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَ المَيتَةِ وبَينَ ما نَجِسَ بوُقوعِ نَجاسَةٍ فيه، فأَباحَ الانتِفاعَ بما نَجِسَ حادِثًا دونَ المَيتَةِ؛ اتِّباعًا لِلآثارِ فيهِما، وبِأَنَّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١١٥٣).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢٣٦)، ومسلم (١٥٨١/ ٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٩٧) من طريق أسامة به.","vol":"19","page":562},{"text":"نَجاسَةَ المَيتَةِ أغلَظُ ونَجاسَةَ الزَّيتِ أخَفُّ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4112>بابُ تَحريمِ أكلِ السَّمِّ القاتِلِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بحَديدَةٍ فحَديدَتُه في يَدِه يَجأُ بها بَطنَه يَومَ القيامَةِ في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فيها أبَدًا، ومَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بسَمٍّ، فسَمُّه في يَدِه يَتَحَسّاه في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فيها أبَدًا، ومَن تَرَدَّى مِن جَبَلٍ فقَتَلَ نَفسَه، فهوَ يَتَرَدَّى في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ خالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فيها أبَدًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4113>بابُ ما جاءَ في أكلِ التِّرياقِ </span>(^٣)\n\n١٩٦٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى (^٥) أيّوبَ، حدثنا شُرَحبيلُ بنُ يَزيدَ المَعافِرِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٥٣٨)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٠٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٣٣٧)، والنسائي (١٩٦٤)، وابن ماجه (٥٩٨٦) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٧٥، ١٥٩٧٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٧٧٨)، ومسلم (١٠٩).\n(^٣) الترياق: دواء السموم، فارسى مركب. التاج ٢٥/ ١١٣ (ت ر ق).\n(^٤) في س: \"عبد\".\n(^٥) ليس في: س.","vol":"19","page":563},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ رافِعٍ التَّنوخِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو - ﵄ - يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"ما أُبالِى ما أتَيتُ إن أنا شَرِبتُ تِرياقًا، أو تَعَلَّقتُ تَميمَةً، أو قُلتُ الشِّعرَ مِن قِبَلِ نَفسِى\" (^١).\nوروّينا عن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ التِّرياقَ؛ لأنَّه يُصنَعُ فيه الحَيَّةُ (^٢).\nقال الإمامُ أحمدُ: ولِهَذا المَعنَى كَرِهَه الشَّافِعِيُّ فقالَ: لا يَجوزُ أكلُ التِّرياقِ المعمولِ بلُحومِ الحَيّاتِ، إلَّا أن يَكونَ في حالِ الضَّرورَةِ حَيثُ تَجوزُ الميتَةُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4114>بابُ ما يَحِلُّ مِنَ المَيتَةِ بالضَّرورَةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا مَا اضْطُرِرْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٩]. وقالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٣]. قال مُجاهِدٌ: ﴿غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ﴾. يقولُ: غَيرَ قاطِعِ السَّبيلِ، ولا مُفارِقِ الأئمَّةِ، ولا خارجٍ في مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ ﷻ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٠٨١) عن عبد الله بن يزيد به، وعنده: \"شرحبيل بن شريك\" بدلًا من \"شرحبيل بن يزيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٤٢١، ٤٣١، فقد ذكر الخلاف في تسميته. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٥٥: هذا حديث منكر، تكلم في ابن رافع من أجله، أو لعله من خصائصه ﵇، فإنه رخص في الشعر لغيره.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٠١٠). من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) ينظر الأم ٢/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٥٦٤).","vol":"19","page":564},{"text":"١٩٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: ماتَ بَغلٌ - أو قال: ناقَةٌ- عِندَ رَجُلٍ، فأَتَى النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - ليَستَفتيَه، فزَعَمَ جابِرٌ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال لِصاحِبِها: \"أما لَكَ ما يُغنيكَ عَنها؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"اذهَبْ كُلْها\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ سلمةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن رَجُلًا نَزَلَ الحَرَّةَ ومَعَه أهلُه ووَلَدُه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إنَّ ناقَةً لِى ضَلَّت، فإِن وجَدْتَها فأَمسِكْها. فوَجَدَها فلَم يَجِدْ صاحِبَها، فمَرِضَت فقالَتِ امرأَتُه: انحَرْها. فأَبَى، فنَفَقَت (^٢)، فقالَتِ: اسلُخْها (^٣) حَتَّى نُقَدِّدَ شَحْمَها ولَحمَها ونأكُلَه. فقالَ: حَتَّى أسأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -. فأَتاه فسأَلَه، فقالَ: \"هَل عِندَكَ غِنًى يُغنيكَ؟ \". قال: لا. وال: \"فكُلوها\". قال: فجاءَ صاحِبُها فأَخبَرَه الخَبَرَ، فقالَ: هَلَّا كُنتَ نَحَرتَها؟ قال: استَحيَيتُ مِنكَ (^٤).\nتابَعَهُما شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٧٧). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٩٧٧) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٢٠٨٢٤)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٢٥ من طريق أبى عوانة به وصححه. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٥٥: سنده قوى.\n(^٢) نفقت الدابة تنفُقُ نُفُوقا: ماتت. العين ٥/ ١٧٧.\n(^٣) سلخ الجلد: كَشَطَه. التاج ٧/ ٢٧٠ (س ل خ).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٨١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٩٩٣)، والطبراني (١٩٧١) من طريق حماد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٣٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٨١٥) من طريق شريك به.","vol":"19","page":565},{"text":"١٩٦٦٨ - وفيما رَوَى إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمُ الحَنظَلِيُّ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنى حَسَّانُ بنُ عَطيَّةَ، عن ابنِ مَرثَدٍ - أو: أبى مَرثَدٍ - عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، أنَّهُم قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا بأَرضٍ تُصيبُنا بها المخمَصَةُ، فما يَحِلُّ لَنا مِنَ المَيتَةِ؟ فقالَ: \"إذا لَم تَصطَبِحوا أو لَم تَغتَبِقوا أو (^١) لَم تَحتَفِئوا بَقْلًا، فشأنَكُم بها\". أخبَرَنيه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إجازَةً، أن أبا الحَسَنِ ابنَ صبيحٍ أخبَرَهُم، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شيرُويَه، أخبرَنا إسحاقُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ هارونَ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ الأسَديُّ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، عن حَسَّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ قال: قُلنا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا تُصيبُنا مَخمَصَةٌ، فما يَصلُحُ لَنا مِنَ المَيتَةِ؟ قال: \"إذا لَم تَصْطَبِحوا أو تَغْتَبِقوا أو تَحْتَفِئوا بَقْلًا (^٣)، فشأنَكُم بها\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن حَسَّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن أبي واقِدٍ اللَّيثِىِّ، أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا نَكونُ بالأرضِ فتُصيبُنا بها\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"و\"، وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٣٣١٥) من طريق إسحاق بن راهويه به. وأحمد (٢١٩٠١) عن الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، وفي م: \"بها بقلا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٩٨) عن محمد بن القاسم به. والدارمى (٢٠٣٩)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٢٥ من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"19","page":566},{"text":"المخمَصَةُ، فمَتَى تَحِلُّ لَنا المَيتَةُ؟ فقالَ: \"ما لَم تَصطَبِحوا أو تَغتَبِقوا أو تَحتَفِئوا بها بَقلًا فشأنَكُم بها\" (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: هو مِنَ الحفإِ وهو مَهموزٌ مَقصورٌ، وهو أصلُ البَرْدِىِّ الأبيَضِ الرَّطبِ مِنه، وهو يُؤكَلُ، فتأَوَّلَه في قَولِه: \"تَحتَفِئوا\". يقولُ: ما لَم تَقتَلِعوا هذا بعَينِه فتأكُلوه. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وأَمّا قَولُه: \"ما لَم تصطَبِحوا أو تَغتَبِقوا\". فإِنَّه يقولُ: أنَّما لَكُم مِنها الصَّبوحُ وهو الغَداءُ، والغَبوقُ وهو العَشاءُ. يقولُ: فلَيسَ لَكُم أن تَجمَعوهُما مِنَ المَيتَةِ.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حدثنا مُعاذٌ عن ابنِ عَونٍ قال: رأَيتُ عِندَ الحَسَنِ: كَتَب سَمُرَةُ لِبَنيه: إنَّه يُجزِئُ مِنَ الاضطِرارِ أوِ الضّارورَةِ (^٢) صَبوحٌ أو غَبوقٌ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذا التَّفسيرُ الَّذِى فسَّرَه أبو عُبَيدٍ ﵀ صَحيحٌ لما حَدَّثَ عن كِتابِ سَمُرَةَ، فأَمّا الخَبَرُ المَرفوعُ فقَد قيلَ: يَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما قَصَدَ به - واللهُ أعلمُ - إحلالَ المَيتَةِ لَهُم، مَتَى ما لَم يكُنْ لَهُم مِنَ الحَلالِ صَبوحٌ أو غَبوقٌ، أو بَقلَةٌ يَعيشونَ بأَكلِها. وهَذا هو الَّذِى يَليقُ بسُؤالِهِم في رِوايَةِ أبى عُبَيدٍ: مَتَى تَحِلُّ لَنا المَيتَةُ؟ و(^٤) بِقَولِه: \"أو تَحتَفِئوا بها بقَلًا\".\n\n١٩٦٧١ - وقَد حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أخبرَنا\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ١/ ٥٩. وأخرجه البغوي في شرح السنة (٣٠٠٧) من طريق علي بن عبد العزيز به.\n(^٢) الضارورة: لغة في الضرورة. ينظر التاج ١٢/ ٣٨٨ (ض ر ر).\n(^٣) غريب الحديث ١/ ٥٩ - ٦١.\n(^٤) في س: \"أو\".","vol":"19","page":567},{"text":"بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا خارِجَةُ، عن ثَورٍ، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ وأَعطانِى كِتابًا عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أروَيتَ أهلَكَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ غَبوقًا، فاجتَنِبْ ما نَهاكَ اللهُ عنه مِنَ المَيتَةِ\" (^١).\nوهَذا يُؤَكِّدُ ما قَبلُ - واللَّهُ أعلمُ - وما فسَّرَه به أبو عُبَيدٍ أشهَرُ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ وأَليَقُ بقَولِه: فما يَحِلُّ لَنا مِنَ المَيتَةِ؟ في رِوايَةِ الوَليدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، وذَكَرَه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحَليمِيُّ ﵀ في \"كتابه\" وقالَ: فأَبانَ أنَّهُم إذا لَم يأكُلوها أكلَ الطَّعامِ المُباحِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيهِم فيها، فأَكلُ الطَّعامِ المُباحِ ألا يَتَحَيَّنَ له حالَ ضرورَةٍ يُخافُ مِنها عليِّ النَّفسِ، لَكِنَّ الواجِدَ يَصطَبِحُ بشَئٍ فيَستَغنِى به عَمّا سِواه إلَى اللَّيلِ. يُريدُ به: أن يَكونَ أبلَغَ إلَى حَوائجِه، فإِذا أمسَى تَناوَلَ مِنه ما تَرَكَه بالنَّهارِ وإِن لَم يَكُنْ به ضرورَةٌ شَديدَةٌ؛ وقَد يَضُمُّ إلَيه البَقلَ وغَيرَه؛ إمّا مُزدادًا مِنَ الطَّعامِ وإِمّا مُستَطيبًا له، ولَيسَ هذا سَبيلَ المَيتَةِ، إنَّما أذِنَ مِنها فيما يُمسِكُ مِنه الرَّمَقَ، والضَّرورَةُ الدّاعيةُ إلَيها لا تَتَّفِقُ في وقتٍ بعَينِه مِن صَباحٍ أو مَساءٍ، ولا تُؤكَلُ استِطابَةً فيُضَمَّ إلَيها بَقلٌ أو نَحوُه، فبَيَّنَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - أنَّهُم إذا لَم يأكُلوها كما يأكُلونَ الطَّعامَ المُباحَ فلا إثمَ عَلَيهِم فيها. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ وهبِ بنِ عُقبَةَ العامِرِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يُحَدِّثُ، عن الفُجَيعِ العامِرِىِّ، أنَّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ١٣٥ من طريق يحيى بن يحيى به.","vol":"19","page":568},{"text":"أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - فقالَ: ما يَحِلُّ لَنا مِنَ المَيتَةِ؟ قال: \"ما طَعامُكُم؟ \". قُلنا: نَغتَبِقُ ونَصطَبِحُ (^١). قال أبو نُعَيمٍ: فسَّرَه لِى عُقبَةُ: قَدَحٌ غُدوَةً (^٢) وقَدَحٌ عَشيَّةً. قال: ذاكَ وأَبِى الجوعُ. فأَحَلَّ لَهُمُ المَيتَةَ على هذه الحالِ. قال أبو داودَ: الغَبوقُ مِن آخِرِ النَّهارِ.\nورَواه غَيرُه عن أبي نُعَيمٍ فقالَ: ذاكَ دارُ الجوعِ.\nوفِي هذا أنَّه أباحَ لَهُم تَناوُلَ المَيتَةِ مَعَ تَناوُلِ ما يُمسِكُ الرَّمَقَ ويُقيمُ النَّفْسَ صَبوحًا وغَبوقًا، إذا كانا لا يَغذوانِ البَدَنَ ولا يُشبِعانِ الشِّبَعَ التّامَّ واللَّهُ أعلمُ. وفِي ثُبوتِ هذه الأحاديثِ نَظَرٌ، وحَديثُ جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ أصَحُّها.\n\n١٩٦٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ العَسقَلانِيُّ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أخبرَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي هِلالٍ، عن عُتبَةَ وهو ابنُ أبي حَكيمٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، أنَّه قيلَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: حَدِّثْنا عن شأنِ ساعَةِ العُسرَةِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: خَرَجنا إلَى تَبوكَ في قَيظٍ شَديدٍ، فنَزَلنا مَنزِلًا أصابَنا فيه عَطَشٌ، حَتَّى ظَنَنا أن رِقابَنا سَتَنقَطِعُ، حَتَّى إن كان الرَّجُلُ لَيَذهَبُ يَلتَمِسُ الماءَ فلا يَرجِعُ حَتَّى يَظُنَّ أنَّ رَقَبَتَه سَتَنقَطِعُ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَنحَرُ بَعيرَه فيَعصِرُ فرثَه (^٣) فيَشرَبُه\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٨١٧). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٦٠٩) عن أبي نعيم الفضل بن دكين به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٢٢).\n(^٢) في م: \"بكرة\".\n(^٣) الفرث: ما في الكرش. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٥٠.","vol":"19","page":569},{"text":"فيَجعَلُ ما بَقِىَ على كَبِدِه، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد عَوَّدَكَ في الدُّعاءِ خَيرًا فادْعُ لَنا. فقالَ: \"أتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. فرَفَعَ يَدَيه، فلَم يَرجِعْهُما حَتَّى قالَتِ السَّماءُ (^١) فأَظَلَّت ثُمَّ سَكَبَت، فمَلَئوا ما مَعَهُم، ثُمَّ ذَهَبنا نَنظُرُ فلَم نَجِدْها جازَتِ العَسكَرَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ (^٣) الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: مَنِ اضطُرَّ إلَى المَيتَةِ والدَّمِ ولَحمِ الخِنزيرِ، فلَم يأكُلْ ولَم يَشرَبْ حَتَّى يَموتَ دَخَلَ النّارَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٧٥ - وعن مَعمَرٍ عن قَتادَةَ قال: يأكُلُ مِنَ المَيتَةِ ما يُبَلِّغُه ولا يَتَضَلَّعُ مِنها. قال مَعمَرٌ: ولَم أسمَعْ في الخَمرِ رُخصَةً (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4115>بابُ تَحريمِ أكلِ مالِ الغَيرِ بغَيرِ إذنِهِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفَقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأَ على مالكٍ. قال: وأَخبَرَنِي أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال:\n_________\n(^١) هذا من إطلاق القول على الفعل، والعرب تجعل القول عبارة عن جميع الأفعال، وتطلقه على غير الكلام واللسان. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٢٤.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٥٩. وأخرجه ابن حبان (١٣٨٣) من طريق حرملة به. وابن خزيمة (١٠١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٥٦: غريب جدًّا، عتبة فيه لين لكن خرج له ذوو \"السنن الأربعة\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن محمد\".\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٣٦).\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٣٧).","vol":"19","page":570},{"text":"قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ -، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحلُبَنَّ أحَدٌ ماشيَةَ أحَدٍ إلَّا بإِذنِه، أيُحِبُّ أحَدُكُم أن تُؤتَى مَشرُبَتُه فتُكسَرَ خِزانَتُه فيُنتَقَلَ طَعامُه؟ فإنَّما يَخزُنُ لهُم ضُروعُ مَواشيهِم أطعِمَتَهُم، فلا يَحلُبَنَّ أحَدٌ ماشيَةَ أحَدٍ إلَّا بإِذنِه\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، وفِي رِوايَةِ القَعنَبِيِّ: \"فيُنْتَثَلَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أن تُحتَلَبَ المَواشِى إلَّا بإِذنِ أهلِها. قال: \"يُحِب أحَدُكُم أن تُؤتَى مَشرُبَتُه التي فيها طَعامُه فيُنْتَثَلَ ما فيها؟ فإِنَّما ضُروعُ مَواشيهِم مِثلُ ما في مَشارِبِهِم\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وأَخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ وأَيّوبَ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، كُلُّهُم عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ- (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨١). وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٦٠٨).\n(^٢) ينتثل: يستخرج، ويقال لما يخرج من تراب البئر إذا حفرت: نثيل. ومن هذا قولهم: نثل الرجل كنانته. إذا صبها على الأرض فأخرج ما فيها من النبل. معالم السنن ٢/ ٢٦٥.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٣٥)، ومسلم (١٧٢٦/ ١٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٧١)، وابن حبان (٥١٧١) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧٢٦).","vol":"19","page":571},{"text":"١٩٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السَّاعِدِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"لا يَحِلُّ لامرِئٍ أن يأخُذَ عَصا أخيه بغَيرِ طيبِ نَفسِه\" (^١). وذَلِكَ لِشِدَّةِ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ مالَ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ.\nورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ عن سُهَيلٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبي حُمَيدٍ (^٢). ورَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الحَسَنِ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ عن عُمارَةَ بنِ حارِثَةَ الضَّمْرِيِّ عن عمرِو بنِ يَثرِبِىٍّ الضَّمرِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - (١). وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الغَصْبِ، وهو عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَعْدِ بنِ مالكٍ، وهو ابنُ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، قالَه البُخارِيُّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرْتِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ هو ابنُ عَمّارٍ، عن يَحيَى قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَولًى لِسَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ سَعدٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (١١٦٥٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٦٥٢).\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٨٨.","vol":"19","page":572},{"text":"فأَتَينا على وادٍ فيه نَخلٌ قَد أدرَكَ (^١)، فأَعطانِى دِرهَمَينِ فقالَ: اشتَرِ لَنا عَلَفًا وتَمرًا. فذَهَبتُ فلَم أجِدْ في النَّخلِ أحَدًا، فرَجَعتُ إلَيه فأَخبَرتُه، فقالَ لِى: إنْ سَرَّك أن تَكونَ مُؤمِنًا حَقًّا فلا تأكُلْ مِنَ النَّخلِ ثَمَرَةً. قال: فباتَ وباتَت حِمارَتُنا جائعَينِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - أنَّه سُئلَ عَمّا يَسقُطُ مِنَ النَّخلَةِ؛ أنأكُلُ مِنه؟ قال: لا، ولا تَمرَةً واحِدَةً (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4116>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن مَرَّ بحائطِ إنسانٍ أو ماشيَتِهِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أخبرَنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مَن مَرَّ لِرَجُلٍ بزَرعٍ أو ثَمَرٍ أو ماشيَةٍ أو غَيرِ ذَلِكَ مِن مالِه، لَم يَكُنْ له أخذُ شَئٍ مِنه إلَّا بإِذنِه؛ لأنَّ هذا ممّا لم يأتِ فيه كِتابٌ ولا سُنَّةٌ ثابِتَةٌ بإِباحَتِه، فهو مَمنوعٌ لِمالِكِه إلَّا بإِذنِه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ. قال: وقَد قيلَ: مَن مَرَّ بحائطٍ فلْيأكُلْ ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً (^٤). وروِىَ فيه حَديثٌ لَو كان يَثبُتُ مِثلُه عِندَنا لَم نُخالِفْه، والكِتابُ والحديثُ الثّابِتُ: أنَّه لا\n_________\n(^١) أدرك: أي نضجت ثمارها إلى النهاية. ينظر تاج العروس ٢٧/ ١٣٩ (د ر ك).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٧٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٤٣ من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٨٣) من طريق نافع به بنحوه.\n(^٤) خُبْنة: أي ما تحمله في حضنك. تاج العروس ٣٤/ ٤٧٧ (خ ب ن).","vol":"19","page":573},{"text":"يَجوزُ أكلُ مالِ أحَدٍ إلَّا بإِذنِهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٨٢ - قال الشيخُ: أمّا قائلُ هذا القَولِ فعُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَسْتانِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عمرٍو العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى عياضٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: مَن مَرَّ مِنكُم بحائطٍ فليأكُلْ في بَطنِه ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ: إذا كُنتُم ثَلاثَةً فأَمِّروا عَلَيكُم واحِدًا مِنكُم، فإِذا مَرَرتُم براعِى الإبِلِ فنادُوا: يا راعِىَ الإبِلِ. فإِن أجابَكُم فاستَسقُوه، وإِن لَم يُجِبْكُم فأْتُوها فحُلُّوها واشرَبوا ثُمَّ صُرُّوها (^٣). هذا عن عُمَرَ صحيحٌ بإِسنادَيه جَميعًا، وهو عِندَنا مَحمولٌ على حالِ الضَّرورَةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٦٨٤ - وأَمّا الحديثُ الَّذِى روِىَ فيه، ففيما رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِيَّ - ﷺ - قال: \"مَن دَخَلَ حائطًا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٥، ٢٤٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٦٣) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦١٧) عن أبي معاوية به.","vol":"19","page":574},{"text":"فليأكُلْ ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً\". أخبرَناه عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحُلوانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الجَوّازُ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الأزهَرِ، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ غَسّانَ قال: وذُكِرَ لأبِى زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ حَديثُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ الطّائفِىِّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ في الرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ بالحائطِ فيأكُلُ مِنه. قال: هذا غَلَطٌ. وَقالَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ: سأَلتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ يَروِى أحاديثَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَهِمُ فيها (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد روِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ لَيسَت بقَويَّةٍ.\n\n١٩٦٨٥ - فمِنها ما، أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ سأَلَ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - وأَنا أسمَعُ عن الضّالَّةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: ثُمَّ سأَلَه عن الثِّمارِ يُصيبُه الرَّجُلُ، قال: \"ما أخَذَ في أكمامِه - يَعنِى رُءوسَ النَّخلِ - فاحتَمَلَه، فثَمَنُه ومِثلُه مَعَه وضَربُ نَكالٍ، وما كان في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٨٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٠١) من طريق يحيى بن سليم به.\n(^٢) علل الترمذي ص ١٩٢.","vol":"19","page":575},{"text":"أَجْرانِه (^١) فأَخَذَ ففيه القَطعُ إذا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَنَ المِجَنِّ، وإِن أكَلَ بفِيه ولَم يأخُذْ فيتَّخِذَ خُبْنَةً فلَيسَ عَلَيه شَئٌ\" (^٢). وهَذا إن صَحَّ فمَحمولٌ على أن لَيسَ عَلَيه فيه قَطعٌ حينَ لَم يُخرِجْه مِنَ الحِرْزِ.\n\n١٩٦٨٦ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عَيّاشُ بنُ الوَليدِ الرَّقّامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، أن نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم على ماشيَةٍ، فإِن كان فيها صاحِبُها فليَستأذِنْه، فإِن أذِنَ له فليَحتَلِبْ وليَشرَبْ، وإِنْ لَم يَكُنْ فيها فليُصَوِّتْ ثَلاثًا، فإِن أجابَه فليَستأذِنْه، وإلَّا فليَحتَلِبْ وليَشرَبْ ولا يَحمِلْ\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أحاديثُ الحَسَنِ عن سَمُرَةَ لا يُثبِتُها بَعضُ الحُفّاظِ، ويَزعُمُ أنَّها مِن كِتابٍ، غَيرَ حَديثِ العَقيقَةِ الَّذِى قَد ذَكَرَ فيه السَّماعَ، وإِن صَحَّ فهو مَحمولٌ على حالِ الضَّرورَةِ.\n\n١٩٦٨٧ - ومِنها ما أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ أبى أُسامَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أخبرَنا الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أخزانه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٧١١)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٩٦) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وتقدم في (٧٧١٦، ١٧٣٦٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٦١٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٢٩٦) من طريق عبد الأعلى به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٨٠).","vol":"19","page":576},{"text":"النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - قال: \"إذا أتَى أحَدُكُم على راعٍ فليُنادِ: يا راعِىَ الإِبِلِ. ثَلاثًا، فإِن أجابَه وإِلَّا فليَحلُبْ وليَشرَبْ ولا يَحمِلَنَّ، وإِذا أتَى أحَدُكُم على حائطٍ فليُنادِ ثَلاثًا: يا صاحِبَ الحائطِ. فإِن أجابَه وإِلَّا فليأكُلْ ولا يَحمِلَنَّ\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به سعيدُ بنُ إياسٍ الجُرَيرِىُّ، وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ إلَّا أنَّه اختَلَطَ في آخِرِ عُمُرِه (^٢)، وسَماعُ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ عنه بَعدَ اختِلاطِهِ. ورَواه أيضًا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن الجُرَيرِىِّ ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٨٨ - وقَد روِىَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ. أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبي عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُصْمٍ (^٤) قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يقولُ: \"لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ أن يَحُلَّ صِرارَ ناقَةٍ إلَّا بإِذنِ أهلِها، فإِنَّ خاتِمَ أهلِها عَلَيها\". فقيلَ لِشَريكٍ: أرَفَعَه؟ قال: نَعَم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٥٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٠٠)، وابن حبان (٥٢٨١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) هو سعيد بن إياس أبو مسعود الجُرَيْرى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٥٦، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٣٣٨. وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٢٩١: ثقة، اختلط قبل موته بثلاث سنين.\n(^٣) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٠: هذا قلة إنصاف، حماد ثقة، ومع ذا فما تفرد بالحديث، فصح أن الجريرى رواه في صحته، وبانضمام هذا إلى ما قبله يصير سنة ثابتة. اهـ. وينظر التعليق المتقدم عقب (٤١٤٧). والحديث أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٤٥) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٤) في س، م، والسنن الصغرى، وغريب الحديث: \"عاصم\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٥٩، وتوضيح المشتبه ٦/ ٢٨٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨٨)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٦٣. وأخرجه أحمد (١١٤١٩)،=","vol":"19","page":577},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وهَذا يوافِقُ الحديثَ الثّابِتَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ - ﵄ - عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في النَّهىِ عن ذَلِكَ، وقَد مَضَى في البابِ قَبلَه.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وإِنَّما يُوَجَّهُ هذا الحديثُ - يَعنِى حَديثَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ ثُمَّ حَديثَ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ - في الرُّخصَةِ؛ أنَّه رَخَّصَ فيه لِلجائعِ المُضطَرِّ الَّذِى لا شَئَ مَعَه يَشتَرِى به، وهو مُفَسَّرٌ في حَديثٍ آخَرَ حَدَّثَناه الأنصارِيُّ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ قال: رَخَّصَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - لِلجائعِ المُضطَرِّ إذا مَرَّ بالحائطِ أن يأكُلَ مِنه ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: ومِمّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ حَديثُ عُمَرَ في الأنصارِ الَّذينَ (^٢) مَرّوا بحَىٍّ مِنَ العَرَبِ فسأَلوهُمُ القِرَى فأَبَوا، فسأَلوهُمُ الشِّرَى فأَبَوا، فضَبَطوهُم (^٣) فأَصابوا مِنهُم، فأَتَوا عُمَرَ فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له، فهَمَّ بالأعرابِ وقالَ: ابنُ السَّبيلِ أحَقُّ بالماءِ مِنَ التّانِئِ (^٤) عَلَيهِ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَناه حَجَّاجٌ عن شُعبَةَ عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى، عن عُمَرَ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: فهَذا مُفَسَّرٌ، إنَّما هو لمن لَم يَقدِرْ عليِّ قِرًى ولا شِرًى، وكَذَلِكَ قال\n_________\n= والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢٨٢٦) من طريق شريك به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٠: ابن عصم ضُعِّف.\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨٧)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٦٢.\n(^٢) في م: \"الذي\".\n(^٣) ضبطوهم: أخذوهم قهرًا. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٥.\n(^٤) التانئ: المقيم. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٩٨.","vol":"19","page":578},{"text":"في الحديثِ الأوَّلِ: \"ليُصَوِّتْ: يا راعِىَ الإبِلِ. ثَلاثًا\". ليَكونَ طَلَبُ القِرَى قَبلُ (^١).\n\n١٩٦٨٩ - قال الشيخُ: وفِي مِثلِ هذا ما أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَخزومِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ مُخَوَّلٍ البَهزِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الإِبِلُ نَلقاها ونَحنُ مُحتاجونَ وهِىَ مُصَرّاةٌ. قال: \"تُنادِى: يا صاحِبَ الإبِلِ. ثَلاثًا، فإِن أجابَكَ وإِلَّا فاحْلُبْ، ثُمَّ دَعْ لِلَّبَنِ دَواعيَه (^٢) \". زادَ فيه غَيرُه: \"واحْلُبْ ثُمَّ صَرِّ وبَقِّ لِلَّبَنِ دَواعيَه\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٩٠ - أحْبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن سَليطِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّميمِىِّ، عن ذُهَيلِ بنِ عَوفِ بنِ شَمّاخٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فإِذا إبِلٌ مُصَررَةٌ بعِضاهِ (^٤) الشَّجَرِ، فانطَلَقَ ناسٌ ليَحتَلِبوا، فدَعاهُمُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٨٨)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٢٦٢، ٢٦٣. وسيأتي أثر عمر في (١٩٧٠١).\n(^٢) تقدم معناه في (١٥٩١٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١٥٦٨)، والطبراني ٢٠/ ٣٢٢ (٧٦٣) من طريق محمد بن عباد المكي به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦١: غريب جدًّا، رواه أبو يعلى في المفاريد، ومحمد بن سليمان هو ابن مسمول، واه.\n(^٤) العضاه: كل شجر عظيم له شوك. النهاية ٣/ ٢٥٥.","vol":"19","page":579},{"text":"النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - فقالَ: \"أرأَيتُم لَو أن أُناسًا (^١) عَمَدوا إلَى مَزاوِدِكُم فيها أزوِدَتُكُم فأَخَذوا ما فيها لكانوا غَدَروكُم؟ \" (^٢). قالوا: نَعَم. قال: \"هذه لأهلِ بَيتٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، إنَّ ما في ضُروعِها مِثلُ ما في أزوِدَتِكُم\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فما يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِن مالِ أخيهِ؟ قال: \"أن يأكُلَ ولا يَحمِلَ، ويَشرَبَ ولا يَحمِلَ\" (^٣). هذا إسنادٌ مَجهولٌ لا تَقومُ بمِثلِه الحُجَّةُ. والحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٦٩١ - وقَد روِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الحَجّاجِ ما دَلّ على أنَّه في المُضطَرِّ. أخبرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عليٍّ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن سَليطِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن ذُهَيلِ بنِ عَوفِ بنِ شَمّاخٍ قال: حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: بَينا نَحنُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - إذ رأَينا إبِلًا مَصرورَةً بعِضاهِ الشَّجَرِ. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. فقُلنا: أفَرأَيتَ إنِ احتَجنا إلَى الطَّعامِ والشَّرابِ؟ فقالَ: \"كُلْ ولا تَحمِلْ، واشرَبْ ولا تَحمِلْ\" (^٥).\nورَواه شَريكٌ القاضِي عن الحَجّاجِ فخالَفَ في إسنادِه مَن مَضَى.\n\n١٩٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"ناسا\".\n(^٢) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفى المهذب ٨/ ٣٩٦٢: \"أكانوا غدروكم\".\n(^٣) جزء أبى جعفر ابن عمرو (٢٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٢٥٢)، والبزار (١٣٢٦، ١٣٢٧، ٢٨٦٣ - كشف) من طريق الحجاج به.\n(^٤) تقدم قبل (٣٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٠٣) من طريق عمر بن على به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٠٥).","vol":"19","page":580},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحَجْرِىُّ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن سَليطٍ التَّميمِىِّ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ - عَمّا يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِن مالِ أخيهِ؟ قال: \"يأكُلُ حَتَّى يَشبَعَ إذا كان جائعًا، ويَشرَبُ حَتَّى يَروَى\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4117>بابُ ما يَحِلُّ لِلمُضطَرِّ مِن مالِ الغَيرِ</span>\n\n١٩٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي بشرٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ شُرَحبيلٍ قال: قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ وقَد أصابَنِى جوعٌ شَديدٌ، فدَخَلتُ حائطًا فأخَذتُ سُنبُلًا فأكَلتُ مِنه وجَعَلتُ في ثَوبِى، فجاءَ صاحِبُ الحائطِ فضَرَبَنِى وأخَذَ ما في ثَوبِى. قال: فانطَلَقنا إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فذَكَرنا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"ما عَلَّمتَه إذ كان جاهِلًا، ولا أطعَمتَه إذ كان ساغِبًا (^٢) \". فأمَرَ لِى بنِصفِ وَسْقٍ مِن شَعيرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ أبى خَلَفٍ الصوفيُّ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ يَزدادَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ بنِ يَحيَى الرّازِىُّ، أنبأنا مُعاذُ بنُ أسَدٍ الخُراسانِيُّ، أنبأنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر علل الدارقطني ٣٠٨، ٣٠٩ (١٧٨٥).\n(^٢) ساغبا: جائعا. النهاية ٢/ ٣٧١.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٢٦٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٢١)، وأبو داود (٢٦٢٠، ٢٦٢١)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٨) من طريق شعبة به. وأخرجه النسائي (٥٤٢٤) من طريق أبى بشر به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦١: تابعه سفيان بن حسين عن أبي بشر. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٨١، ٢٢٨٢).","vol":"19","page":581},{"text":"صالِحُ بنُ أبى جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن رافِعِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: كُنتُ أرمِى نَخلًا لِلأنصارِ، فأخَذونِي فذَهَبوا بى إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -، فقالوا: إنَّ هذا يَرمِى نَخلَنا. فقالَ: \"يا رافِعُ، لِمَ تَرمِى نَخلَهُم؟ \". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ أجوعُ. قال: \"لا تَرمِ، وكُلْ مِمّا يَقَعُ، أشبَعَكَ اللهُ ورَوَّاكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٦٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطانُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عثمانَ ابنُ أخِى عليِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ، حدثنا أبو تُمَيلَةَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ أبي جُبَيرٍ مَولَى الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو الغِفارِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: شَكا ناسٌ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - أنَّ غُلامًا مِن بَنِى غِفارٍ يَرمِى نَخلَهُم، قال: \"خُذوه فأتونِي به\". فإِذا هو رافِعُ بنُ عمرٍو أخو الحَكَمِ بنِ عمرٍو. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢)، وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوروِىَ ذَلِكَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ عن رافِعِ بنِ عمرٍو الغِفارِيِّ:\n\n١٩٦٩٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عثمانَ ابنُ أخِى عليِّ بنِ عاصِمٍ حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى الحَكَمِ الغِفارِيِّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَتنِى جَدَّتِي، عن عَمِّ أبى رافِعِ ابنِ عمرٍو الغِفارِىِّ قال: كُنتُ وأنا غُلامٌ أرمِى نَخلًا لِلأنصارِ، فقيلَ لِلنَّبِىِّ - ﷺ -: إنَّ ههنا غُلامًا يَرمِى نَخلَنا. قال: قال: \"خُذوه فأتونِى به\". قال: \"يا غُلامُ لِمَ تَرمِى نَخلَهُم؟ \". قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (١٢٨٨) من طريق الفضل بن موسى به. وقال: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) ينظر العلل لابن أبي حاتم عقب (١٥٤١).","vol":"19","page":582},{"text":"إنِّي أُريدُ أن آكُلَ. قال: \"فلا تَرمِ نَخلَهُم وكُلْ مِمّا في أُصولِها\". قال: ومَسَحَ رأسَ الغُلامِ وقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ أشبِعْ بَطنَه\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن أبي بكرٍ وعُثمانَ ابنَى أبى شَيبَةَ عن مُعتَمِرٍ بمَعناه (^٢).\n\n١٩٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن عُمَيرٍ مَولَى آبِى اللَّحمِ قال: أقبَلتُ مَعَ سادَتِى نُريدُ الهِجرَةَ، حَتَّى إذا دَنَونا مِنَ المَدينَةِ جَعَلونِى في ظَهرِهِم ودَخَلوا المَدينَةَ فأصابَتنِى مَجاعَةٌ شَديدَةٌ. قال: فمَرَّ بى بَعضُ مَن يَخرُجُ مِنَ المَدينَةِ فقالَ: إنَّكَ لَو دَخَلتَ المَدينَةَ فأصَبتَ مِن ثِمارِ حَوائطِها. فدَخَلتُ حائطًا مِن حَوائطِ المَدينَةِ فقَطَعتُ قِنوَيْنِ (^٣)، فجاءَ صاحِبُه وهُما مَعِى، فذَهَبَ بى إلَى النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - فسألَنِى عن أمرِى فأخبَرتُه فقالَ: \"أيُّهُما أفضَلُ؟ \". فأشَرتُ إلَى أحَدِهِما، فقالَ: \"خُذْه\". وأمَرَ صاحِبَ الحائطِ فأخَذَ الآخَرَ، وخَلَّى سَبيلِى (^٤).\nوهَذِه الأخبارُ إن ثَبَتَت كانَت دالَّةً مَعَ غَيرِها على جَوازِ الأكلِ مِن مالِ الغَيرِ عِندَ الضَّرورَةِ، ثُمَّ وُجوبُ البَدَلِ فمُستَفادٌ مِنَ الدَّلائلِ التي دَلَّت على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٩)، وأبو يعلى (١٤٨٢) من طريق معتمر بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٦٢٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٦٤).\n(^٣) القنو: العِذْق بما فيه من الرُّطَب. النهاية ٤/ ١١٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٤٢)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٦٦ (١٢٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق عن أبيه عن عمه وأبى بكر بن زيد بن المهاجر عن عمير.","vol":"19","page":583},{"text":"تَحريمِ مالِ الغَيرِ بغَيرِ طيبَةِ نَفسِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nوقَدِ استَدَلَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا بما ذَكَرْنا في كِتابِ الطَّهارَةِ مِن حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ حينَ خَرَجَ (^١) رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ هو وأصحابُه فأصابَهُم عَطَشٌ شَديدٌ، وأنَّه بَعَثَ إلَى المَرأةِ التي كان مَعَها بَعيرٌ عَلَيه مَزادَتانِ حَتَّى أُتِى بها وأخَذوا مِن مائها، والمَزادَتانِ كما هُما لَم تَزدادا إلَّا امتِلاءً، ثُمَّ أمَرَ أصحابَه فجاءوا مِن زادِهِم حَتَّى مَلأ لها ثَوبَها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4118>بابٌ: صاحِبُ المالِ لا يَمنَعُ المُضطَرَّ فضلًا إن كان عِندَهُ</span>\n\n١٩٦٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو الأشهَبِ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ إذ جاءَ رَجُلٌ على راحِلَةٍ، فجَعَلَ يَصرِفُها يَمينًا وشِمالًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ -: \"مَن كان عِندَه فضلٌ مِن ظَهرٍ فليعُدْ به على مَن لا ظَهرَ له، ومَن كان عِندَه فضلٌ مِن زاد فليَعُدْ به على من لا زادَ له\". وذَكَرَ أصنافَ الأموالِ حَتَّى رأينا أنَّه لا حَقَّ لأحَدٍ مِنّا في فضلٍ عِندَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ عن أبي الأشهَبِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"مع\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٧، ١٠٥٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٣٣٨٧)، والآداب (٨٥٢). وتقدم في (٧٨٥٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٧٢٨/ ١٨).","vol":"19","page":584},{"text":"١٩٦٩٩ - حدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرَّاجُ، أنبأنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ - ﷺ -: \"أطعِموا الجائعَ، وعودوا المَريضَ، وفُكّوا العانِىَ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي بَشيرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُساوِرِ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ وهو يُبَخِّلُ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ (^٣) يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ - يقولُ: \"لَيسَ المُؤمِنُ الَّذِى يَشبَعُ وجارُه جائعٌ إلَى جَنبِه\" (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى أحمدَ.\n\n١٩٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٦٦٤٩، ١٨٨٦٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥٣٧٣).\n(^٣) يُبَخِّل ابن الزبير: أي ينسبه إلى البخل. ينظر التاج ٢٨/ ٦٣ (ب خ ل).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٥٦٦٠، ٩٥٣٦). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٢)، وأبو يعلى في مسنده (٢٦٩٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ١/ ٢٨، والطبراني (١٢٧٤١) من طريق سفيان به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٣: ابن المساور مجهول، خرج له البخاري في الأدب.","vol":"19","page":585},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن أبي عَونٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي لَيلَى قال: سافَرَ ناسٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأرمَلوا، فأتَوا على حَيٍّ مِن أحياءِ العَرَبِ فسألوهُم القِرَى أوِ الشِّرَى، فأبَوا، فضَبَطوهُم فأصابوا مِنهُم، فذَهَبَتِ الأعرابُ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-، وأشفَقَتِ الأنصارُ مِن ذَلِكَ، فهَمَّ بهِم عُمَرُ -﵁- وقالَ: تَمنَعونَ ابنَ السَّبيلِ ما يُخلِفُ اللهُ في ضُروعِ الإِبِلِ والغَنَمِ باللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ؟! ابنُ السَّبيلِ أحَقُّ بالماءِ مِنَ التّانِئَ عَلَيهِ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ: أن قَومًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أرمَلوا فمَرّوا بقَومٍ مِنَ الأعرابِ فسألوهُمُ الشِّراءَ فأبَوا، وسألوهُمُ القِرَى فأبَوا، فضَبَطوهُم واحتَلَبوا. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: تَمنَعونَ ابنَ السَّبيلِ ما يُخلِفُ اللهُ في ضُروعِ المَواشِي باللَّيلِ والنَّهارِ؟! ثُمَّ قال: ابنُ السَّبيلِ أحَقُّ بالماءِ مِنَ التّانِئِ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيد ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ واقِدٍ المَدَنِيُّ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عُمَرَ قال: ابنُ السَّبيلِ أحَقُّ بالماءِ والظِّلِّ مِنَ التّانِئِ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٧٣٨)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٠٩٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٣٢٠). وأخرجه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١١٠٠) من طريق كثير بن عبد الله المزني به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٤: كثير واه.","vol":"19","page":586},{"text":"١٩٧٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى وهو ابنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وهِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى أهلَ ماءٍ فاستَسقاهُم فلَم يَسقوه حَتَّى ماتَ عَطَشًا، فأغرَمَهُم عُمَرُ ابنُ الخطابِ -﵁- ديَتَه (^١).\n\n١٩٧٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بمَعنَى هذا، قال إسماعيلُ: وكانَ الحَسَنُ يقولُ: إن أبَوا أن يُطعِموه وخَشِىَ على نَفسِه قاتَلَهُم.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4119>بابُ ما يَحِلُّ مِنَ الأدويَةِ النَّجِسَةِ بالضَّرورَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عامِرٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن نَبِيَّ الله -ﷺ- أمَرَ العُرَنيّينَ أن يَشرَبوا ألبانَ الإِبِلِ وأبوالَها (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رَهطًا مِن عُرَينَةَ أتَوُا النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالوا: إنّا قَدِ اجتَوَينا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٩٧٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦١٧٧). قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٤: سنده على شرط مسلم.","vol":"19","page":587},{"text":"المَدينَةَ، وعَظُمَت بُطونُنا، وارتَهَسَت (^١) أعضادُنا، فأمَرَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- أن يَلحَقوا براعِى الإبِلِ فيَشرَبوا مِن ألبانِها وأبوالِها، فلَحِقوا براعِى الإبِلِ فشَرِبوا مِن أبوالِها وألبانِها، حَتَّى صَلَحَت بُطونُهُم وأبدانُهُم، ثُمَّ قَتَلوا الرّاعِىَ وساقوا الإبِلَ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ في طَلَبِهِم فجِئَ بهِم، فقَطَعَ أيديَهُم وأرجُلَهُم وسَمَرَ أعيُنَهُم. قال قَتادَةُ: فحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ أن ذَلِكَ قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ الحُدودُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي سلمةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هُدبَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ عن هَمّامٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُقرِئُ وطَريفُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أخبرَنِي إسرائيلُ، عن ثوَيرٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ قُباءٍ، عن أبيه وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّه سألَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- عن شُربِ ألبانِ الأُتُنِ، فقالَ: \"لا بأسَ بها\" (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: لَيسَ هذا بالقَوِيِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4120>بابُ النَّهىِ عن التَّداوِي بالمُسكِرِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ\n_________\n(^١) ارتهست: أي اضطربت وضرب بعضها بعضًا. ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٦/ ١٢٢، والنهاية ٢/ ٢٨٢.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩٤). وتقدم في (١٦١٧٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٦٨٦)، ومسلم (١٦٧١/ ...).\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٥٣٣. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٤: سنده ساقط.","vol":"19","page":588},{"text":"ابنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه، أن طارِقَ بنَ سوَيدٍ أو سوَيدَ بنَ طارِقٍ -رَجُلًا مِن جُعفَى- سألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن الخَمرِ، فنَهَى عن صَنعَتِها، فقالَ: إنَّها دَواءٌ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّها لَيسَت بدَواء ولَكِنَّها داءٌ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ، وقالَ: إنَّ طارِقَ بنَ سوَيدٍ سألَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن موسَى بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن نافِعٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ آدَمَ ﵇ لَمّا أهبَطَه اللهُ إلَى الأرضِ قالَتِ المَلائكَةُ: أي رَبِّ ﴿أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٣٠] قالوا: رَبَّنا نَحنُ أطوَعُ لَكَ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ. قال اللهُ لِلمَلائكَةِ: هَلُمّوا مَلَكَينِ مِنَ المَلائكَةِ حَتَّى نُهبِطَهُما إلَى الأرضِ فنَنظُرَ كَيفَ تَعمَلونَ. قالوا: رَبَّنا، هاروتُ وماروتُ. فأُهبِطا إلَى الأرضِ، ومَثُلَت لَهُما الزُّهَرَةُ (^٣) امرأةً مِن أحسَنِ البَشَرِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٦٢، ٢٧٢٣٨)، وأبو داود (٣٨٧٣)، والترمذي (٢٠٤٦)، وابن حبان (١٣٩٠، ٦٠٦٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٨٤/ ١٢).\n(^٣) قال أبو حاتم ابن حبان: الزهرة هذه امرأة كانت في ذلك الزمان، لا أنها الزهرة التى هى في السماء. صحيح ابن حبان ١٤/ ٦٦.","vol":"19","page":589},{"text":"فجاءَتهُما فسألاها نفسَها، فقالَت: لا واللَّهِ حَتَّى تَكَلَّما بهَذِه الكَلِمَةِ مِنَ الإشراكِ. قالا: لا واللَّهِ لا نُشرِكُ باللَّهِ أبَدًا. فذَهَبَت عَنهُما ثُمَّ رَجَعَت بصَبِيٍّ تَحمِلُه فسألاها نَفسَها فقالَت: لا واللَّهِ حَتَّى تَقتُلا هذا الصَّبِيِّ. فقالا: لا واللَّهِ لا نَقتُلُه أبَدًا. فذَهَبَت ثُمَّ رَجَعَت بقَدَحِ خَمرٍ تَحمِلُه فسألاها نَفسَها فقالَت: لا واللَّهِ حَتَّى تَشرَبا هذا الخَمرَ. فشَرِبا فسَكِرا فوَقَعا عَلَيها وقَتَلا الصَّبِيَّ، فلَمّا أفاقا قالَتِ المَرأةُ: واللَّهِ ما تَرَكتُما مِمّا أبَيتُما عليَّ إلَّا قَد فعَلتُماه حينَ سَكَرتُما. فخُيِّرا عِندَ ذَلِكَ بَينَ عَذابِ الدُّنيا وعَذابِ الآخِرَةِ، فاختارا عَذابَ الدُّنيا\" (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن موسَى بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن نافِعٍ.\nورَواه موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن كَعبٍ قال: ذَكَرَتِ المَلائكَةُ أعمالَ بَنِى آدَمَ. فذَكَرَ بَعضَ هذه القِصَّةِ (^٢)، وهَذا أشبَهُ.\n\n١٩٧١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو وهو ابنُ دينارٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ جَعدَةَ قال: قال عثمانُ بنُ عَفّانَ -﵁-: إيّاكُم والخَمرَ، فإِنَّها مِفتاحُ كُل شَرٍّ. أُتِيَ رَجُلٌ فقيلَ له: إمّا أن تَحرِقَ هذا الكِتابَ، وإمّا أن تَقتُلَ هذا الصَّبِيَّ، وإِمّا أن تَقَعَ على هذه المَرأةِ، وإِمّا أن تَشرَبَ هذا الكأسَ، وإِمّا أن تَسجُدَ لِهَذا الصَّليبِ. قال: فلَم يَرَ فيها شَيئًا أهوَنَ مِن شُربِ الكأسِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١٦٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٦١٧٨)، وابن حبان (٦١٨٦) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٥: موسى بن جبير وثق وهو أنصارى.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في الشعب (٦٦٩٥) عن الحاكم ومحمد بن موسى بن عقبة عن نافع ...","vol":"19","page":590},{"text":"فلَمّا شَرِبَها سَجَدَ لِلصَّليبِ وقَتَلَ الصَّبِيَّ ووَقَعَ على المَرأةِ وحَرَقَ الكِتابَ (^١).\nوقَد روِّيناه في كِتابِ الأشرِبَةِ مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ عن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ هارونَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ القُطَيعِيُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن حَسّانَ بنِ مُخارِقٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: نَبَذتُ نَبيذًا في كوزٍ فدَخَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو يَغلِى فقالَ: \"ما هذا؟ \" قُلتُ: اشتَكَتِ ابنَةٌ لِي فنَعَتُّ لها هذا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَجعَلْ شِفاءَكُم فيما حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُم\" (^٣).\nورَواه خالِدٌ الواسِطِيُّ عن الشَّيبانِيِّ عن حَسّانَ أن أُمَّ سلمةَ قالَت: دَخَلَ عليَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٤).\n\n١٩٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، كن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: اشتَكَى رَجُلٌ مِنّا بَطنَه فوَجَدَ فيه الصُّفرَ -يَعنِي الماءَ الأصفَرَ- فأَتى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٧٤١٧). وفيه: تخرق الكتاب وخرق الكتاب. بالخاء في الموضعين.\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٧٤١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٩٦٦)، وابن حبان (١٣٩١) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد في كتاب الأشربة (١٥٩) من طريق خالد بن عبد الله الواسطى به.","vol":"19","page":591},{"text":"عبدَ اللهِ فقالَ: إنِّي اشتَكَيتُ بَطنِى فنُعِتَ لِي السَّكَرُ. فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَجعَلْ شِفاءَكُم فيما حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُم (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4121>بابُ النَّهىِ عن التَّداوِى بما يَكونُ حَرامًا في غَيِر حالِ الضَّرورَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ الواسِطِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبي عِمرانَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءَ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أنزَلَ الدّاءَ والدَّواءَ، وجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ داءٍ دَواءً، فتداوَوا، ولا تَداوَوا بحَرامٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٧١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبي إسحاقَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الدَّواءِ الخَبيثِ (^٣).\nوهَذانِ الحَديثانِ إن صَحّا فمَحمولانِ على النَّهىِ عن التَّداوِى بالمُسكِرِ أو على التَّداوِى بكُلِّ حَرامٍ في غَيرِ حالِ الضَّرورَةِ؛ ليَكونَ جَمَعا بَينَهُما وبَينَ حَديثِ العُرَنيّينَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد في الأشربة (١١٧) من طريق الأعمش قال: قال شقيق ...\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٨٧٤). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٨٣٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٨٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٠٤٨)، والترمذي (٢٠٤٥)، وابن ماجه (٣٤٥٩) من طريق يونس بن أبي إسحاق به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٦: سنده صالح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٧٨).","vol":"19","page":592},{"text":"١٩٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أنَّ عبدَ رَبِّه بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ نافِعًا يقولُ: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ إذا دَعا طَبيبًا يُعالِجُ بَعضَ أهلِه اشتَرَطَ عَلَيه ألَّا يُداوِىَ بشَئٍ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4122>بابُ أكلِ الجُبنِ</span>\n\n١٩٧١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ موسَى البَلخِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن الشَّعبِى، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بجُبنَةٍ في تَبوكَ فدَعا بسِكّينٍ فسَمَّى وقَطَعَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا فتَحَ مَكَّةَ رأى جُبنَةً فقالَ: \"ما هَذا؟ \". فقالوا: هذا طَعامٌ يُصنَعُ بأرضِ العَجَمِ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ضَعوا فيه السِّكّينَ واذكُروا اسمَ اللهِ وكُلوا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢١٨ عن أبي العباس محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩٧)، وأبو داود. (٣٨١٩). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٢٤١) من طريق يحيى بن موسى به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٠٨٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن عيينة به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٧٩٥) من طريق عمرو بن منصور به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٣٥).\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٨٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٥)، والطبراني (١١٨٠٧) من طريق شريك به. وسئل=","vol":"19","page":593},{"text":"١٩٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ السَرّاجُ قالا: أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ قَرَظَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ شِهابٍ قال: سألتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- عن الجُبنِ فقالَ: إنَّ الجُبنَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ واللِّبأَ (^١)، فكُلوا واذكُروا اسمَ اللهِ عَلَيه، ولا تَغُرَّنَّكُم (^٢) أعداءُ اللَّهِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا مسلمٌ، عن حَبَّةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا أرَدتَ أن تأكُلَ الجُبنَ فضَعِ الشَّفرَةَ فيه واذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ وكُلْ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ في ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عليٍّ -﵁-، ورُوِىَ عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِيِّ (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n= أحمد عن هذا الحديث -كما في جامع العلوم والحكم ٢/ ٣٣٧ - فقال: هو حديث منكر.\n(^١) اللِّبأ: على وزن عِنَب؛ أول اللبن في النتاج. ينظر اللسان ١/ ١٥٠ (ل ب أ).\n(^٢) في م: \"يغرنكم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٤٤٣) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٧٨٣، ٨٧٨٧) من طريق كثير بن شهاب به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٦٧: مسلم هو ابن يسار الملائي، تُرك.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٨٠٦٦).","vol":"19","page":594},{"text":"القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي بكرٍ -يَعنِي ابنَ المُنكَدِرِ- قال: سألَتِ امرأةٌ مِنّا عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- عن أكلِ الجُبنِ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: إن لَم تأكُليه فأعطينيه آكُلُ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ العَدلُ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن تَملِكَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت في الجُبنِ: كُلوا واذكُروا اسمَ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4123>بابُ ما يَحِلُّ مِنَ الجُبنِ وما لا يَحِلُّ</span>\n\n١٩٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ الشُّرَيحِيُّ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عُقَيلٍ، عن عَفَه قال: قُرِئَ عَلَينا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أن كُلوا الجُبنَ مِمّا صَنَعَه أهلُ الكِتابِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: هو إبراهيمُ العُقَيلِيُّ، وعَمُّه ثَورُ بنُ قُدامَةَ، رَواه الثَّورِيُّ عَنه.\n\n١٩٧٢٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ،\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"آكله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٤٥٤) من طريق شعبة به. وعبد الرزاق (٨٧٨١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٧٧٧) من طريق أبي إسحاق السبيعي به.\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (٤٥٥).","vol":"19","page":595},{"text":"حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ العُقَيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي ثَورُ بنُ قُدامَةَ قال: جاءَنا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ألَّا تأكُلوا مِنَ الجُبنِ إلَّا ما صَنَعَ أهلُ الكِتابِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً سنةَ سَبعٍ وثَلاثينَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِيٍّ، عن سُفيانَ وشُعبَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَكَنٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ -﵁-: كُلوا من الجُبنِ ما صَنَعَ المُسلِمونَ وأهلُ الكِتابِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عباسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عليٍّ البارِقِيِّ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن الجُبنِ فقالَ: كُلْ ما صَنَعَ المُسلِمونَ وأهلُ الكِتابِ (^٣).\nوروّينا مِثلَ هذا عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ وأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٣١١ من طريق إبراهيم العقيلي به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٧٨١) من طريق منصور به. والطبراني (٨٩٨٠) من طريق عبيد بن أبي الجعد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني -كما في مجمع الزوائد ٥/ ٥٥ (٨٠٢٧)، وذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩٩) عن عليٍّ البارقي أنه سأل ابن عمر ...\n(^٤) رواية عبد الله بن عباس تقدمت في (٢٠١٧٧)، ورواية أنس بن مالك ستأتي مسندة في الحديث بعد الآتى.","vol":"19","page":596},{"text":"وهَذا لأنَّ السِّخالَ (^١) تُذبَحُ فتُؤخَذُ مِنها الإنفَحَةُ (^٢) التى بها يُصلَحُ الجُبنُ، فإِذا كانَت مِن ذَبائحِ المَجوسِ وأهلِ الأوثانِ لَم يَحِلَّ، وهَكَذا إذا ماتَتِ السَّخلَةُ فأُخِذَت مِنها الإنفَحَةُ لَم تَحِلَّ.\n\n١٩٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَبَلَةَ بنِ سُحَيمٍ قال: سُئلَ ابنُ عُمَرَ عن الجُبنِ والسَّمنِ فقالَ: سَمِّ وكُلْ. فقيلَ: إنَّ فيه مَيتَةً. فقالَ: إن عَلِمتَ أن فيه مَيتَةً فلا تأكُلْه (^٣).\nوقَد كان بَعضُ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- لا يَسألُ عنه تَغليبًا لِلطهارَةِ، رُوِّينا ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِهِما، وبَعضُهُم يَسألُ عنه احتياطًا.\nوروّينا عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ أنَّه قال: لَأن أخِرَّ مِن هذا القَصرِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن آكُلَ جُبنًا لا أسألُ عَنه.\nوعن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ قال: كان أصحابُ محمدٍ -ﷺ- يَسألونَ عن الجُبنِ ولا يَسألونَ عن السَّمنِ.\n\n١٩٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكبر أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا (^٤): حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) السِّخال: جمع سخلة؛ ولد الشاة من المعز والضأن ذكرًا أو أنثى. ينظر اللسان ١١/ ٣٣٢ (س خ ل).\n(^٢) الإنفَحَة: بكسر الهمزة؛ هو شئ يستخرج من بطن السخال يغلظ به اللبن. ينظر اللسان ٢/ ٦٢٢ (ن ف ح).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٣٩٩٨) عن جبلة بن سحيم به.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.","vol":"19","page":597},{"text":"عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي الخَليلُ بنُ مُرَّةَ، عن أبانِ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كُنّا نأكُلُ الجُبنَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وبَعدَ ذَلِكَ لا نَسألُ عنه. وكانَ أنَسٌ لا يأكُلُ إلَّا ما صَنَعَ المُسلِمونَ وأهلُ الكِتابِ.\nاْبانُ بنُ أبي عَيّاشٍ مَتروكٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ جُمهانَ قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَنِ -يَعنِي لابنِ عُمَرَ- أو قال غَيرِي: مَرَرتُ على دَجاجَةٍ مَيْتَةٍ فوَطِئتُ عَلَيها فخَرَجَت مِنِ استِها بَيضَة، آكُلُها؟ قال: لا. قال: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَرَرتُ على دَجاجَةٍ مَيْتَةٍ فوَطِئتُ عَلَيها فخَرَجَت مِنِ استِها بَيضَةٌ ففَرَّختُها فأخرَجَت فرخًا، آكُلُهُ؟ قال: مِمَّن أنتَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: مِن أهلِ العِراقِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4124>بابُ ما جاءَ في الكَبِدِ والطِّحالِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ البَشيرِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الهَرَوِيُّ، أنبانا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵂- قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه البغوي في الجعديات (٢٦٩٩) من طريق عطاء بن السائب به. وذكره ابن المنذر في الأوسط ٢/ ٢٩٠ عن إسحاق بن راهويه عن جرير عن عطاء ...","vol":"19","page":598},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أُحِلَّت لَنا مَيتَتانِ ودَمانِ، فأمّا المَيتَتانِ فالجَرادُ والحيتانُ، وأمّا الدَّمانِ فالطحالُ والكَبِدُ\" (^١).\nكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ وأخَواه عن أبيهِم، ورَواه غَيرُهُم مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عُمَرَ وهو الصحيح.\n\n١٩٧٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ إسحاقَ بنِ البَغدادِيِّ الهَرَوِيُّ بها، أنبأنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أخبرَنِي مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: إنِّي لآكُلُ الطِّحالَ وما بي إلَيه حاجَةٌ إلَّا ليَعلَمَ أهلِي أنَّه لا بأسَ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا مُعاذٌ، حدثنا بشرٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سألَ رَجُلٌ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: آكُلُ الطِّحالَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: إنَّ عامَّتَها دَمٌ. قال: إنَّما حُرِّمَ الدَّمُ المَسفوحُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4125>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الشّاةِ إذا ذُبِحَت</span>\n\n١٩٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ، أخبرَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، أن إبراهيمَ بنَ أبي اللَّيثِ حَدَّثَهُم، حدثنا الأشجَعِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن واصِلِ بنِ أبي جَميلٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: كان\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢١٢، ١٩٠٢٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٧٧٦) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٤٧٣٠) من طريق أبي الأحوص به.","vol":"19","page":599},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَكرَهُ مِنَ الشّاةِ سَبعًا: الدَّمَ والمَرارَ والذَّكَرَ والأُنثَيَينِ والحَياءَ (^١) والغُدَّةَ والمَثانَةَ. قال: وكانَ أعجَبُ الشّاةِ إلَيه -ﷺ- مُقَدَّمَها (^٢). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورَواه عُمَرُ بنُ موسَى بنِ وجيهٍ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٣) - عن واصِلِ بنِ أبي جَميلٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كان يَكرَهُ أكلَ سَبْعٍ مِنَ الشّاةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n١٩٧٣٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا وقّارُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ الوَزّانُ، حدثنا فِهرُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ موسَى (^٤). فدَكَرَه مَوصولًا، ولا يَصِحُّ وصلُه.\nقال أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِي عنه: الدَّمُ حَرامٌ بالإِجماعِ، وعامَّةُ المَذكوراتِ مَعَه مَكروهَةٌ غَيرُ مُحَرَّمَةٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4126>بابُ ما حَرُمَ على بَنِي إسرائيلَ ثُمَّ ورَدَ عَلَيه النَّسخُ بشَريعَةِ نَبيّنا محمدٍ -ﷺ</span>-\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال الله ﵎: ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ﴾ الآيَة (^٦) [آل عمران: ٩٣].\n_________\n(^١) الحياء: بالمد؛ الفرج من ذوات الخف والظلف والسباع. التاج ٣٧/ ٥١٤ (ح ى ى).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٧٧١)، وأبو داود في المراسيل (٤٦٥) من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٠٩٦).\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٧٢.\n(^٥) معالم السنن ١/ ٣٢.\n(^٦) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"19","page":600},{"text":"١٩٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثثا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا الثَّورِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ إبنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبي ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن إسرائيلَ أخَذَه عِرقُ النَّسا فكانَ يَبيتُ ولَه زُقاءٌ. قال: فجَعَلَ إن شَفاه اللهُ ألَّا يأكُلَ لَحمًا فيه عُروقٌ. قال: فحَرَّمَته اليَهودُ، فنَزَلَت: ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ﴾ أي أنَّ هذا كان قبلَ التَّوراةِ. قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: قال سفيانُ: زُقاءً صياحًا (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وهُنَّ -يَعنِي واللَّهُ أعلمُ- طَيِّباتٌ كانَت أُحِلَّت لَهُم.\nوقالَ: ﴿وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَا إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا أَوِ الْحَوَايَا أَوْ مَا اخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٤٦].\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٩٣ وصححه على شرط الشيخين، ووافقه الذهبي. وعبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١٢٦، ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٥٨٤. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٨١٨) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.","vol":"19","page":601},{"text":"قال الشّافِعِيُّ: الحَوايا: ما حَوَى (^١) الطَّعامَ والشَّرابَ في البَطنِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- في قَولِه: ﴿كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ﴾ قال: هو البَعيرُ والنَّعامَةُ. وفِي قَولِه: ﴿إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا﴾. يَعنِي ما عَلِقَ بالظَّهرِ مِنَ الشَّحمِ أوِ الحَوايا وهو المَبعَرُ (^٣).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ مِن قَولِه في تَفسيرِ كُلِّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ والحَوايا (^٤)، وقَد مَضَى في الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وغَيرِه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لَعَنَ اللهُ اليَهودَ حُرِّمَت عَلَيهِمُ الشُّحومُ فجَمَلوها فباعوها وأكَلوا أثمانَها\" (^٥).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فلَم يَزَلْ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ ﷿ على بَنِي إسرائيلَ -اليَهودِ خاصَّةً وغَيرِهِم عامَّةً- مُحَزَمًا مِن حينَ حَرَّمَه، حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللهُ ﷿ محمدًا -ﷺ-، ففَرَضَ الإيمانَ به، وأعلَمَ خَلقَه أنَّ دينَه\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حول\".\n(^٢) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٣) المبعر: مكان البعر من كل ذى أربع. اللسان ٤/ ٧١ (ب ع ر).\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٣٨، ٦٤٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٨٠٣٥) من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به مقتصرًا على آخره.\n(^٤) تفسير مجاهد ١/ ٢٢٦. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٣٩ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١١١٤٩، ١١١٥٣٢، ١١١٥٣، ١١١٥٦، ١١١٥٧، ١٧٤٠٨، ١٨٧٧٢).","vol":"19","page":602},{"text":"الإِسلامُ الَّذِى نَسَخَ به كُلَّ دينٍ قَبلَه فقالَ: ﴿إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٩]. وأنزَلَ في أهلِ الكِتابِ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ [آل عمران: ٦٤]. وأمَرَ بقِتالِهِم حَتَّى يُعطوا الجِزيَةَ إن لَم يُسلِموا، وأنزَلَ فيهِم: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٧]. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فقيلَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ: أوزارُهُم وما مُنِعوا بما أحدَثوا قبلَ ما شُرعَ مِن دينِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٩٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ ابنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: هو ما كان اللهُ أخَذَ عَلَيهِم مِنَ الميثاقِ فيما حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِم أن يَضَعَ ذَلِكَ عَنهُم (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فلَم يَبقَ خَلقٌ يَعقِلُ مُنذُ بَعَثَ اللهُ ﷿ محمدًا -ﷺ- مِن جِنٍّ ولا إنسٍ بَلَغَته دَعوَتُه إلَّا قامَت عَلَيه حُجَّةُ اللهِ باتِّباعِ دينِه، ولَزِمَ كُلَّ امرِئٍ مِنهُم تَحريمُ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ على لِسانِ نَبيِّه، وإِحلالُ ما أحَلَّ على\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٢، ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٠/ ٤٩٤، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٨٣٥١) من طريق أبي صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"19","page":603},{"text":"لِسانِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n١٩٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- النُّعمانُ بنُ قَوقَلٍ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أرأيتَ إذا صَلَّيتُ المَكتوبَةَ، وحَرَّمتُ الحَرامَ، واْحلَلتُ الحَلالَ، أأدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا مَكِّيُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ، عن أبي المَليحِ، عن مَعقِلِ بنِ يَسارٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اعمَلوا بالقُرآنِ؛ أحِلّوا حَلالَه، وحَرِّموا حَرامَه، واقتَدوا به، ولا تَكفُروا بشَئٍ مِنه، وما تَشابَهَ عَلَيكُم مِنه فرُدّوه إلَى اللهِ وإلَى أولِى العِلمِ مِن بَعدِي كما يُخبِروكُم، وآمِنوا بالتَّوراةِ والإِنجيلِ والزَّبورِ وما أوتِىَ النَّبيّونَ مِن رَبِّهِم،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٩٤) عن أبي معاوية به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٧٨٦٠)، وأبو يعلى (١٩٤٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥/ ١٦).","vol":"19","page":604},{"text":"وليَسَعْكُمُ القُرآنُ وما فيه مِنَ البَيانِ؛ فإِنَّه شافِعٌ مُشَفَّعٌ، وما حِلٌ (^١) مُصدَّقٌ، ألا ولِكُلِّ آيَة نورٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ، وإِنِّى أُعطيتُ سورَةَ \"البقَرَةِ\" مِنَ الذِّكرِ الأوَّلِ، وأُعطيتُ \"طَهَ\" و\"طَواسينَ\" و\"الحَواميمَ\" مِن ألواحِ موسَى، وأُعطيتُ فاتِحَةَ الكِتابِ مِن تَحتَ العَرشِ\" (^٢).\nعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ أبي حُمَيدٍ تَكَلَّموا فيهِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وأحَلَّ اللهُ ﷿ طَعامَ أهلِ الكِتابِ، فكانَ ذَلِكَ عِندَ أهلِ التَّفسيرِ ذَبائحَهُم لَم يَستَثنِ مِنها شَيئًا، فلا يَجوزُ أن تَحِلَّ ذَبيحَةُ كِتابِيٍّ وفِي الذَّبيحَةِ حَرامٌ على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ مِمّا كان حُرِّمَ على أهلِ الكِتابِ قبلَ محمدٍ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو الأحرَزِ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ الطّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ المَروَزِيُّ الحَربِيُّ، حدثنا سَعدُويَه، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ماحل: خصم مجادل مصدق. وقيل: ساعٍ مصدق. يعنى من اتبعه وعمل بما فيه فإنه شافع له مقبول الشفاعة، ومصدق عليه فيما يرفع من مساوئه إذا ترك العمل به. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٣٠٣.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٢٤٧٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٦٧ وصححه. وأخرجه الطرانى ٢٠/ ٢٢٥ (٥٢٥) من طريق عبيد الله بن أبي حميد به.\n(^٣) هو عبيد الله بن أبي حميد الهذلى، أبو الخطاب. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٧١: قال أحمد: تركوا حديثه. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٣٧٧، والجرح والتعديل ٥/ ٣١٢، والمجروحين ٢/ ٦٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٢٩.\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٣.","vol":"19","page":605},{"text":"المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُغَفَّلٍ قال: لَمّا كان يَومُ خَيبَرَ دُلِّىَ جِرابٌ مِن شَحمٍ فاحتَضَنتُه فقُلتُ: لا أُعطى أحَدًا مِنه شَيئًا. فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَتَبَسَّمُ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أزبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، أخبرَنِي الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، أخبرَنا شُعبَةُ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُغَفلٍ قال: دُلِّىَ جِرابٌ مِن شَحمٍ يَومَ خَيبَرَ فالتَزَمتُه فقُلتُ: هذا لِي لا أُعطى أحَدًا شَيئًا. فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَتَبَسَّمُ فاستَحيَيتُ مِنه (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٤).\nوفِي هذا ما دَلَّ على أنَّه أباحَ الشَّحمَ مِن ذَبيحَةِ أهلِ الكِتابِ، وفِي ذَلِكَ ما دَلَّ على صِحَّةِ قَولِ الشّافِعِيِّ ﵀.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4127>بابُ ما حَرَّمَ المُشرِكونَ على أنفُسِهِم</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: حَرَّمَ المُشرِكونَ على أنفُسِهِم مِن أموالِهِم أشياءَ أبانَ اللهُ ﷿ أنَّها لَيسَت حَرامًا بتَحريمِهِم، وذَلِكَ مِثلُ البَحيرَةِ والسّائبَةِ والوَصيلَةِ والحامِ (^٥)، كانوا يُنزِلونَها في الإِبِلِ والغَنَمِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٩١٨٣).\n(^٢) في م: \"خباب\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٠٣)، والدلائل ٤/ ٢٤١، وابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٦٩٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٥٥٥، ٢٠٥٦٧) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٣١٥٣، ٤٢١٤، ٥٥٠٨)، ومسلم (١٧٧٢/ ٧٢، ٧٣، ...).\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم في معانيها في (١٢٠٣٦).","vol":"19","page":606},{"text":"كالعِتقِ، فيُحَرِّمونَ ألبانَها ولُحومَها ومِلكَها (^١). وساقَ الكَلامَ فيه كما هو مَنقولٌ في \"المبسوط\".\n\n١٩٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا أبي وشُعَيبٌ قالا: أنبأنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"رأيتُ عمرَو بنَ عامِر الخُزاعِيَّ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَه (^٢) في النّارِ؛ كان أوَّلَ مَن سَيَّبَ السُّيَّبَ\" (^٣). قال سعيدٌ: السّائبَةُ: التى تُسيَّبُ فلا يُحمَلُ عَلَيها شَئٌ. والبَحيرَةُ: التى يُمنَعُ دَرُّها لِلطَّواغيتِ فلا يَحلُبُها أحَدٌ، والوَصيلَةُ: النّاقَةُ البِكرُ تُبَكِّرُ في أوَّلِ نِتاجِ الإبِلِ بأُنثَى ثُمَّ تُثَنِّى بَعدُ بأُنثَى فكانوا يُسَيِّبونَها لِلطَواغيتِ يَدعونَها: الوَصيلَةَ إن وصَلَت إحداهُما بالأُخرَى، والحامِ: فحلُ الإِبِلِ يَضرِبُ العَشرَ مِنَ الإبِلِ، فإِذا قَضَى ضِرابَه جَدَعوه (^٤) لِلطَّواغيتِ فأعفَوه مِنَ الحَملِ فلَم يَحمِلوا عَلَيه شَيئًا فسَمَّوه: الحامِ (^٥). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ وغَيرِه\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٣.\n(^٢) القُصْب: بالضم؛ المس. وقيل: اسم للأمعاء كلها. وقيل: هو ما كان أسفل البطن من الأمعاء. ينظر النهاية ٤/ ٦٧.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"السوائب\".\n(^٤) الجدع: قطع الأنف والأذن والشفة، وهو بالأنف أخص، فإذا أطلق غلب عليه. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٤٦.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٠٤، ٤٠٠٥)، وإثبات عذاب القبر (٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٨٧)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٤٧٩)، وابن حبان (٦٢٦٠)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٧٧٤) =","vol":"19","page":607},{"text":"عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. قال البخاريُّ: ورَواه ابنُ الهادِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٤٢ - حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبانا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَصِ الجُشَمِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: رآنِي النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- وعَلَيَّ أطمارٌ (^٢) فقالَ: \"هَل لَكَ مِن مالٍ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"مِن أي المالِ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: قَد آتانِيَ اللهُ ﷿ مِنَ الشّاءِ والإِبِلِ. قال: \"فلتُرَ نِعمَةُ الله وكَرامَتُه عَلَيكَ\". ثُمَّ قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل تُنتَجُ إبلُكَ وافيةً آذانُها؟ \". قال: وهَل تُنتَجُ إلَّا كَذَلِكَ؟! ولَم يَكُنْ أسلَمَ يَومَئذٍ. قال: \"فلَعَلَّكَ تأخُذُ مُوساكَ فتَقطَعُ أُذُنَ بَعضِها فتَقولُ: هذه بَحيرٌ. وتَشُقُّ أُذُنَ أُخرَى فتَقولُ: هذه صُرُمٌ (^٣) \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فلا تَفعَلْ، فإِنَّ كُلَّ ما آتاكَ اللهُ حِلٌّ، وإِن مُوسَى اللهِ أحَدُّ، وساعِدَ اللهِ أشَدُّ\". قال: يا محمدُ، أرأيتَ إن مَرَرتُ برَجُلٍ فلَم يُقْرِني ولَم يُضَيِّفْنِي ثُمَّ مَرَّ بعدَ ذَلِكَ أُقريه أم أجزيهِ؟ قال: \"بَل أقرِه\" (^٤).\n_________\n= من طريق الليث بن سمد به.\n(^١) البخاري (٤٦٢٣)، ومسلم (٢٨٥٦/ ٥١).\n(^٢) أطمار: جمع طِمْر؛ الثوب الخلق. التاج ١٢/ ٤٣٣ (ط م ر).\n(^٣) صرم: جمع صريم، وهي المشقوقة الأذن. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٢٠، ٢٦.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥١٣)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٣٠٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٨٨)، والترمذي (٢٠٠٦)، والطبراني ١٩/ ٢٧٧ (٦٠٩) من طريق أبي إسحاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح.","vol":"19","page":608},{"text":"١٩٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه: ﴿وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مِمَّا ذَرَأَ مِنَ الْحَرْثِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ نَصِيبًا فَقَالُوا هَذَا لِلَّهِ بِزَعْمِهِمْ وَهَذَا لِشُرَكَائِنَا﴾ [الأنعام: ١٣٦] قال: جَعَلوا لِلَّهِ مِن ثَمَراتِهِم ومالِهِم نصيبًا، ولِلشَّيطانِ والأوثانِ نَصيبًا، فإِن سَقَطَ مِن ثَمَرِ ما جَعَلوا للهِ في نَصيبِ الشَّيطانِ تَرَكوه، وإِن سَقَطَ مِمّا جَعَلوا لِلشَّيطانِ في نَصيبِ اللهِ التَقَطوه وحَفِظوه ورَدّوه إلَى نَصيبِ الشَّيطانِ، وهَكَذا في سَقىِ الماءِ. قال: وأمّا ما جَعَلوا لِلشَّيطانِ مِنَ الأنعامِ فهو قَولُ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ﴾ (^١) [المائدة: ١٠٣].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ويُقالُ: نَزَلَ فيهِم ﴿قُلْ هَلُمَّ شُهَدَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ يَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ هَذَا فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَلَا تَشْهَدْ مَعَهُمْ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥٠] فرَدَّ إليهم (^٢) ما أخرَجوا، وأعلَمَهُم أنَّه لَم يُحَرِّمْ عَلَيهِم ما حَرَّموا بتَحريمِهِم (^٣).\nوذَكَرَ سائرَ الآياتِ التى ورَدَت في ذَلِكَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٥٦٩، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٧٩١١، ٧٩١٢) من طريق أبي صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) في م: \"عليهم\".\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٤٣.","vol":"19","page":609},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4128>بابُ استِعمالِ أوانِي المُشرِكينَ والأكلِ مِن طَعامِهِم</span>\n\n١٩٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِيِّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رَبيعَةَ ابنَ يَزيدَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي أبو إدريسَ عائذُ الله قال: سَمِعتُ أبا ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنيَّ -﵁- يقولُ: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنّا بأرضِ قَومٍ أهلِ كِتابٍ، نأكُلُ في آنيَتِهِم، وأرضِ صَيدٍ، أصيدُ بقَوسِى، وأصيدُ بكَلبِي المُعَلَّمِ، وبِكَلبِي الَّذِى لَيسَ بمُعَلَّمٍ، أخبِرنِي ما الَّذِي يَحِلُّ لَنا مِن ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"أمّا ما ذَكَرتَ أنَّكُم بأرضِ قَومٍ أهلِ كِتابٍ تأكُلونَ في آنيَتِهِم، فإِن وجَدتُم غَيرَ آنيَتِهِم فلا تأكُلوا فيها، وإِن لَم تَجِدوا فاغسِلوا (^١) ثُمَّ كُلوا فيها (^٢)، وأمّا ما ذَكَرتَ أنَّكَ بأرضِ صَيدٍ، فما أصَبتَ بقَوسِكَ فاذكُرِ اسمَ اللهِ ثُمَّ كُلْ، وما اصطَدتَ بكَلبِكَ المُعَلَّمِ فاذكُر اسمَ اللهِ ثُمَّ كُلْ، وما اصطَدتَ بكَلبِكَ الَّذِى لَيسَ بمُعَلَّمٍ فأدركْتَ ذَكاتَه فكُلْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادِ بنِ السَّرِيِّ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"فاغسلوها\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٣، ١٨٩٥٠، ١٨٩٧١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٣٠/ ٨)، والبخاري (٥٤٨٨).","vol":"19","page":610},{"text":"ابنُ إبراهيمَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ ولَقَبُه دُحَيمٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، عن عُمَيرِ بنِ هانِئٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: أي رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي أرمِي بقَوسِي فمِنه ما أُدرِكُ ذَكاتَه ومِنه ما لا أُدرِكُ (^١)، فماذا يَحِلُّ لِي وما يَحرُمُ عليَّ؟ إنّا في أرضِ أهلِ الكِتابِ، وهُم يأكُلونَ في آنيَتِهِمُ الخِنزيرَ ويَشرَبونَ فيها الخَمرَ، فنأكُلُ فيها ونَشرَبُ؟ قال: \"كُلُّ ما رَدَّ عَلَيكَ قَوسُكَ وذَكَرتَ اسمَ اللهِ فكُلْ، وإِن وجَدتَ عن آنيَةِ أهلِ الكِتابِ غِنًى فلا تأكُلْ، وإِن لَم تَجِدْ عَنها غِنًى فارحَضوها (^٢) بالماءِ رَحضًا شَديدًا ثُمَّ كُلوا فيها\" (^٣).\nوفِي هذا دِلالَةٌ على أن الأمرَ بالغَسلِ إنَّما وقَعَ عِندَ العِلمِ بنَجاسَتِها، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى وإِسماعيلُ، عن بُردِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كُنّا نَغزو مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فنُصيبُ مِن آنيَةِ المُشرِكينَ وأسقيَتِهِم، فنَستَمتِعُ بها، ولا يَعيبُ (^٤) ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٤٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل، س: \"أدرك ذكاته\".\n(^٢) ارحضوها: أي اغسلوها. النهاية ٢/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٥).\n(^٤) في م: \"يغيب\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٢٩).","vol":"19","page":611},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن بُردٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: كُنّا نَغزو، فنأكُلُ في أوعيَةِ المُشرِكينَ ونَشرَبُ في أسقيَتِهِم (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ في رِوايَةِ حَرمَلَةَ: أهدَت لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- يَهوديَّةٌ شاةً مَحنوذَةً سَمَّتها في ذِراعِها فأكَلَ مِنها هو، يَعنِي وغَيرُه. وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما زالَتِ الأُكلَةُ التى أكَلتُ مِنَ الشّاةِ تُعادُّنِي (^٢)، حَتَّى كان هذا أوانَ قَطعَت أبهَرِى (^٣) \".\n\n١٩٧٤٨ - أخبرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَبيبِ بنِ عَرَبِيٍّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن امرأةً يَهوديَّةً أتَت رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بشاةٍ مَسمومَةٍ فأكَلَ مِنها، فجِئَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فسألَها عن ذَلِكَ، فقالَت: أرَدتُ لأقتُلَكَ. قال: \"مما كان اللهُ ليُسَلِّطَكِ على ذَلِكَ\". أو قال: \"عَلَيَّ\". قال: فقالوا: ألا نَقتُلُها؟ قال: \"لا\". قال: فما زِلتُ أعرِفُها في لَهَواتِ (^٤) رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم قبله.\n(^٢) تعادني: أي تراجعنى ويعاودني ألم سمها في أوقات معلومة. النهاية ٣/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) الأبهر: عرق في الظهر. وقيل: الأبهران اللذان في الذراعين. وقل: هو عرق مستبطن القلب، فإذا انقطع لم تبق معه حياة. وقيل: عرق منشئوه الرأس ويمتد إلى القدم وله شرايين تتصل بأكثر الأطراف والبدن. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٨.\n(^٤) اللهوات: جمع لهاة، هي اللحمات في سقف أقصى الفم. النهاية ٤/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٥٠٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الديات (٢٣٥) من طريق يحيى بن حبيب به. وتقدم في (١٦٠٩٨، ١٦٠٩٩).","vol":"19","page":612},{"text":"ابنِ حَبيبٍ، ورَواه البخاريُّ عن الحَجَبِيِّ عن خالِدٍ (^١).\nوروّينا فيه حَديثَ جابِرٍ وغَيرِه في كِتابِ الجِراحِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٤٩ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنِ يَحيَى الأشقَرُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ لنُ موسَى المَروَرُّوذِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَة، حدثنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: قال عُروَةُ: كانَت عائشَةُ -﵂- تَقولُ: كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في مَرَضِه الَّذِي توُفِّىَ فيه: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنِّي أجِدُ ألَمَ الطَّعامِ الَّذِي أكَلتُ بخَيبَرَ، فهَذا أوانُ انقِطاعِ أبهَرِي مِن ذَلِكَ السُّمِّ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ يونُسُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4129>بابُ ما جاءَ في أكلِ الطّيِن</span>\nقَد رُوِىَ في تَحريمِه أحاديثُ لا يَصِحُّ شئٌ مِنها.\n\n١٩٧٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الحُرضِيُّ النَّيسابورِيُّ، أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِيُّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ أبو أيّوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَروانَ زَعَمَ أنَّه ثِقَةٌ دِمَشقِيٌّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ انهَمَكَ في\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢١٩٠/ ٤٥)، والبخاري (٢٦١٧).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٦١٠٠ - ١٦١٠٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٧/ ١٧٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٨ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٤٢٨).","vol":"19","page":613},{"text":"أكلِ الطّينِ فقَد أعانَ على نَفسِه\" (^١).\nعبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَروانَ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مَعناه بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَجهولٍ.\n\n١٩٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ أبي مَعشَرٍ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أكَلَ الطّينَ فكأنما أعانَ على قَتلِ نَفسِه\".\nقال أبو أحمدَ: وهَذا لا أعلمُ يَرويه عن سُهَيلٍ (^٣) غَيرُ عبدِ المَلِكِ هذا وهو مَجهولٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا لَو صَحَّ لَم يَدُل على التَّحريمِ، وإِنَّما دَلَّ على كَراهيَةِ الإِكثارِ مِنه، والإكثارُ مِنه ومِن غَيرِه حَتَّى يُضِرَّ ببَدَنِه مَمنوعٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الجَرّاحِيُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ شَاسُويَه، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ زَمعَةَ، أخبرَنا سفيانُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ قال: وذُكِرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٣/ ٤١ من طريق المصنف.\n(^٢) هو عبد الله بن مروان أبو على الدمشقي. وقيل: الجرجاني. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الكامل ٤/ ١٥٦٣، وتاريخ أسماء الثقات ص ١٨٥، وتاريخ جرجان ١/ ٢٦١، ولسان الميزان ٣/ ٣٥٦.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"بن أبي صالح\".\n(^٤) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٩٤٤. وأخرجه ابن راهويه في مسنده (٣٦٨) عن بقية به. والعقيلي في الضعفاء ٣/ ٣٤، ٣٥ من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"19","page":614},{"text":"لِعَبدِ اللهِ -يَعنِي ابنَ المُبارَكِ- حَديثُ أن أكلَ الطّينِ حَرامٌ، فأنكَرَه وقالَ: لَو عَلِمتُ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قالَه لَحَمَلتُه على الرّأسِ والعَينِ والسَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا أصبَغُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، عن مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُه وسُئلَ عن بَيعِ المَدَرِ (^٢) الَّذِي يأكُلُ الناسُ فقالَ: ما يُعجِبُنِي ذَلِكَ أن يَبيعَ ما يَضرُّ النّاسَ في دينِهِم ودُنياهُم، قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤] قال مالكٌ: وأرَى لِصاحِبِ السّوقِ أن يَمنَعَهُم عن بَيعِ ذَلِكَ ويَنهَى عنه. وقالَ مالكٌ: وهو أيضًا مِن بابِ السَّفَهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4130>بابُ ما لَم يُذكَرْ تَحريمُه ولا كان في مَعنَى ما ذُكِرَ تَحريمُه مِمّا يُؤكَلُ أو يُشرَبُ</span>\n\n١٩٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا إسماعيلُ ابن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى أبو عليٍّ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ، عن أبي عثمانَ، عن سَلمانَ أُراه رَفَعَه قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ أحَلَّ حَلالًا وحَرَّمَ حَرامًا؛ فما أحَلَّ فهو حَلالٌ، وما حَرَّمَ فهو حَرامٌ، وما سَكَتَ عنه فهو عَفوٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبوُ الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٧٧٥).\n(^٢) المدر: قطع الطين اليابس. وقيل: الطين العلك الذى لا رمل فيه. اللسان ٥/ ١٦٢ (م د ر).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠٠٩).","vol":"19","page":615},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا سَيفُ بنُ هارونَ -وكانَ مِن خيارِ خَلقِ اللهِ مِن أعبَدِ النّاسِ، وكانَ سفيانُ الثورِيُّ يُعَظِّمُه، وكانَ فوقَ أخيه- حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ، عن سَلمانَ الفارِسِيِّ قال: سَأَلْنا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن السَّمنِ والجُبنِ والفِراءِ فقالَ: \"الحَلالُ ما أحَلَّ اللهُ في كِتابِه، والحَرامُ ما حَرَّمَ الله في كِتابِه، وما سَكَتَ عنه فهو [مِنْ عَفْوِه] (^١) \".\nورُوِّينا ذَلِكَ فيما مَضَى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سَلمانَ مَرفوعًا (^٢)، ورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣) وأبِى الدَّرداءِ.\n\n١٩٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ الغِفارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ رَفَعَ الحديثَ قال: \"ما أحَلَّ اللهُ في كِتابِه فهو حَلالٌ، وما حَرَّمَ فهو حَرامٌ، وما سَكَتَ عنه فهو عافيَةٌ، فاقبَلوا مِنَ اللهِ عافيَتَه؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَكنْ نَسيًّا\". ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا﴾ (^٤) [مريم: ٦٤].\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"عفو\".\nوالحديث أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٣٦٧) من طريق سيف بن هارون به. وقال الترمذي: غريب لا نعرفه مرفوعًا إلا من هذا الوجه. وتقدم عقب (١٩٤١٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٩٤١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٠٠). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٢٢٥).\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٣٧٦ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٢/ ١٣٧ من طريق أبي نعيم الفضل ابن دكين به. والبزار في مسنده (٤٠٨٧)، والطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٢١٠٢) من طريق عاصم=","vol":"19","page":616},{"text":"١٩٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا حَفصُ ابنُ غياثٍ، عن داودَ هو ابنُ أبي هِندٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ قال: إن اللَّهَ فرَضَ فرائضَ فلا تُضَيِّعوها، وحَدَّ حُدودًا فلا تَعتَدوها، ونَهَى عن أشياءَ فلا تَنتَهِكوها، وسَكَتَ عن أشياءَ رُخصَةً لَكُم لَيسَ بنِسيانٍ فلا تَبحَثوا عَنها (^١).\nهذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٩٧٥٨ - وأنبأنيه شَيخُنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ في \"المستدرك\" فيما لَم يُقرأْ عَلَيه إجازَةً، حَدَّثَنِي عليُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ مُسهِرٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٢).\n\nتَمَّ بحمِد اللَّهِ ومَنِّه الجزءُ التاسعَ عشرَ\nويتلوه الجزءُ العشرون\nوأولُه: كتابُ السبقِ والرمىِ\n_________\n= ابن رجاء بن حيوة به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٧٥: سنده منقطع، وعاصم متماسك.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٢٤ من طريق داود بن أبي هند به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٧٦: منقطع؛ لم يلق مكحول أبا ثعلبة.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ١١٥. وأخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٤٩٢)، والدارقطني ٤/ ١٨٣، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٩/ ١٧ من طريق داود بن أبي هند به.","vol":"19","page":617},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4131>كتابُ السَّبْقِ والرَّمىِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4132>بابُ التَّحريضِ على الرَّمىِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه فيما نَدَبَ به أهلَ دينِه: ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٠]. فزَعَمَ أهلُ العِلمِ بالتَّفسيرِ أن القوَّةَ هِيَ الرَّمىُ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ طَلحَةُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الصَّقرِ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الآجُرِّيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى قالا: حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي على ثُمامَةَ بنِ شُفَيٍّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: \" ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٠] ألَّا إن القوَّةَ الرَّمىُ، ألَا إنَّ القوَّةَ الرَّمىُ، ألا إن القوَّةَ الرَّمىُ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٢٢٩.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠١١)، والمعرفة (٥٧٧٨)، وأبو يعلى (١٧٤٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٣٢) من طريق هارون بن معروف به. وأبو داود (٢٥١٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٨١٣)، وابن حبان (٤٧٠٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن وهب به.","vol":"20","page":5},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِاللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن أبي على الهَمْدَانِيِّ، أنَّه سَمِع عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنيَّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"سَتُفتَحُ لَكُم أرَضونَ، ويَكفيكُمُ اللهُ المُؤْنَةَ، فلا يَعجِزْ أحَدُكُم أنْ يَلهوَ بأسهُمِه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِي الحارِثُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ، أن فُقَيْمًا اللَّخمِيَّ قال لِعُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ: تَختَلِفُ بَينَ هَذَينِ الغَرَضَينِ وأنتَ كَبيرٌ يَشُقُّ عَلَيكَ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ عُقبَةُ: لَولا كَلامٌ سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَم أُعانِه. قال الحارِثُ: فقالَ ابنُ شُماسَةَ: وما ذاكَ؟ قال: \"إنَّه مَن عَلِمَ الرَّمىَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَه فلَيسَ مِنّا - أو- قَد عَصَى\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ عن اللَّيثِ، إلا أنَّه قال: قال الحارِثُ: فقُلتُ لابنِ شُماسَةَ: وما ذاكَ؟ قال: إنَّه قال: \"مَن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩١٧/ ١٦٧).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٣٣)، وابن حبان (٤٦٩٧) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩١٨/ ١٦٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٤٩٤)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٣١٨ (٨٨٢) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به.","vol":"20","page":6},{"text":"عَلِمَ الرَّمىَ ثمّ (^١) تَرَكَه فلَيسَ مِنّا -أو- قَد عَصَى\" (^٢). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رُمح، أنبأنا اللَّيثُ. فذَ كَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا أبو سَلَّامٍ الأسوَدُ، عن خالِدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: كنتُ رَجُلًا راميًا أُرامِي عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ، فمَرَّ بي ذاتَ يَومٍ فقالَ: يا خالِدُ، اخرُجْ بنا نَرمِي. فأبطأتُ عَلَيه، فقالَ: يا خالِدُ، تَعالَ أُحَدِّثْكَ ما حَدَّثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. أو: أقولُ لَكَ كما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُدخِلُ بالسَّهمِ الواحِدِ ثَلاثَةَ نَفَرٍ الجَنَّةَ؛ صانِعَه الَّذِى احتَسَبَ في صَنعَتِه الخَيرَ، ومُنبِّلَه، والرّامِىَ، ارموا واركَبوا، وأنْ تَرموا أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن تَركَبوا، ولَيسَ مِنَ اللَّهوِ إلَّا ثَلاثَةٌ؛ تأديبُ الرَّجُلِ فرَسَه، ومُلاعَبَتُه زَوجَتَه، ورَميُه بنَبلِه عن قَوسِه، ومَن عَلِمَ الرَّمىَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَه فهِىَ نِعمَةٌ كَفَرَها\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الذي\".\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩١٩/ ١٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٤/ ٤٣٣ من طريق محمد بن رمح به.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠١٣)، والمعرفة (٥٩٦١)، والحاكم ٢/ ٩٥ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٢١)، وأبو داود (٢٥١٣)، والنسائي (٣٥٨٠) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن يزيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٥٤٠).","vol":"20","page":7},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ والوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ والوَليدُ بنُ مَزيَدٍ عن ابنِ جابِرٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى هو ابنُ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سَلَّامٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يزيدَ الأزرَقِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَيُدخِلُ الثَّلَاثةَ بالشهمِ الواحِدِ الجَنَّةَ؛ صانِعَه يَحتَسِبُ بصَنعَتِه الخَيرَ، والرّامِىَ به، والمُمدَّ به\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٦٤ - وبِهَذا الإِسنادِ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِيِّ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"ارموا واركَبوا، وأن تَرموا أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مَن أن تَركَبوا، وكُلُّ شَئٍ يَلهو به الرَّجُلُ باطِلٌ إلَّا رَمىَ الرَّجُلِ بقَوسِه، أو تأديبَه فرَسَه، أو مُلاعَبَتَه امرأتَه، فإِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الحَقِّ، ومَن تَرَكَ الرَّمىَ بعدَما عَلِمَه فقَد كَفَرَ الَّذِى عَلِمَه\" (^٣).\nكَذا في كِتابِي: ابنُ يَزيدَ. وقالَ غَيرُه: عبدُ اللهِ بنُ زَيدٍ.\n\n١٩٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ عمرٍو العُكبَرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) رواية الوليد بن مسلم أخرجها أحمد (١٧٣٣٦)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٣٤٢ (٩٤٢)، ورواية ابن المبارك والوليد بن مزيد ستأتي مسندة في (٢١٠١٦).\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٠٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠٠)، والترمذي عقب (١٦٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨١١) من طريق هشام الدستوائي به. وابن خزيمة (٢٤٧٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبي كثير به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦١٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٦٤٩٦)، والآداب (٨٠٥).","vol":"20","page":8},{"text":"الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عُوَيمِ بنِ ساعِدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: أبصَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا مَعَه قَوسٌ فارِسيَّةٌ فقالَ: \"اطرَحْها\". ثُمَّ أشارَ إلَى القَوسِ العَرَبيَّةِ فقالَ: \"بهَذِه ورِماحِ القَنا، يُمَكِّنُ اللهُ لَكُم بها في البِلادِ، ويَنصُرُكُم على عَدوِّكُم\" (^١).\nتَفَرَّدَ به محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، وفيه انقِطاعٌ؛ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُوَيمٍ لَيسَت له صُحبَةٌ (^٢).\nوقيلَ في هذا الإِسنادِ كما:\n\n١٩٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبي حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سالِمِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ عُوَيمِ بنِ ساعِد، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- رأى قَوسًا فارِسيًّا فقالَ: \"مَلعونٌ مَلعونٌ مَن حَمَلَها، عَلَيكُم بهَذِه -وأشارَ إلَى القَوسِ العَرَبيَّةِ- وبِرِماحِ القَنا، يُمَكِّنُ اللهُ لَكُم في البِلادِ، ويَنصُرُكُم على عَدوِّكُم\".\nقال البخاريُّ: عُتبَةُ بنُ عُوَيمٍ لَم يَصِحَّ حَديثُه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قانع في معجمه ٢/ ٢٨٨، والطبراني ١٧/ ١٤١ (٣٥١) من طريق خلف بن عمرو العكبري به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٧٨: ومحمد بن طلحة غمزه ابن حبان.\n(^٢) عبد الرحمن بن عويم مختلف في صحبته. ينظر الإصابة ٨/ ٦٥، ٦٦.\n(^٣) التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٢٢.","vol":"20","page":9},{"text":"١٩٧٦٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُسرٍ، عن أبي راشِدٍ الحُبرانِيِّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: عَمَّمَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ غَديرِ خُمٍّ (^١) بعِمامَةِ سَدَلَها خَلفِي ثُمَّ قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ أمَدَّنِي يَومَ بَدرٍ وحُنَينٍ بمَلائكَةٍ يَعتَمّونَ هذه العِمَّةَ\". وقالَ: \"إنَّ العِمامَةَ حاجِزَةٌ بَينَ الكُفرِ والإيمانِ\". ورأى رَجُلًا يَرمِي بقَوسٍ فارِسيَّةٍ فقالَ: \"ارمِ بها\". ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إلَى قَوسٍ عَرَبيَّةٍ فقالَ: \"عَلَيكُم بهَذِه وأمثالِها ورِماحِ القَنا، فإِنَّ بهَذِه يُمَكِّنُ اللهُ لَكُم في البِلادِ، [ويُؤَيِّدُ لكم] (^٢) في النَّصرِ\" (^٣).\nأشعَثُ هو أبو الرَّبيعِ السَّمّانُ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٤).\nوخالَفَه إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ فرَواه عن عبدِاللهِ بنِ بُسرٍ هذا عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَدِيٍّ البَهرانِيِّ عن أخيه عبدِ الأعلَى عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُنقَطِعًا (^٥).\nوعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُسرٍ هذا لَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ، قالَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ وغَيرُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) غدير خُم: بين مكة والمدينة، بينه وبين الجحفة ميلان. معجم البلدان ٤/ ١٨٨.\n(^٢) في م: \"يؤيدكم\".\n(^٣) الطيالسي (١٤٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٨١٠)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٤٩٠، ١٤٩١ من طريق الأشعث بن سعيد به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٧٨: منكر.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٠٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٤٧٥٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به.\n(^٦) أبو داود في المراسيل عقب (٣٣١). وهو عبد الله بن بسر السكسكي الحبراني أبو سعيد الشامي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الجرح والتعديل ٥/ ١٢، والثقات ٥/ ١٥، وتهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٣٥. قال ابن حجر في التقريب ١/ ٤٠٤: ضعيف.","vol":"20","page":10},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِيُّ قال: قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ عائشةَ: قال أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ: إنَّما نُهِىَ عن القَوسِ الفارِسيَّةِ لأنَّها إذا انقَطَعَ وتَرُها لَم يَنتَفِعْ بها صاحِبُها، وإِنَّ القَوسَ العَرَبيَّةَ إذا انقَطَعَ وتَرُها كانَت له عَصًا يَذُبُّ (^١) بها. قال: وكانَت مَعَهُم رِماحُ خَشَبٍ فكانوا إذا طَعَنوا بها أخَذَها المَطعونُ فكَسَرَها، فأمَرَهُم برِماحِ القَنا لِكَى إذا طَعَنَ الرَّجُلُ فأخَذَه المَطعونُ انثَثَى ولَم يَنكَسِرْ، وكانَت تُحمَلُ مِنَ البحرَينِ.\n\n١٩٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عاصمٍ الأحوَلِ، عن أبي عثمانَ النَّهدِيِّ قال: أتانا كِتابُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ونَحنُ مَعَ عُتبَةَ بنِ فرقَدٍ بأذْربيجانَ: أمّا بَعدُ فأتَزِروا وانتَعِلوا وارتَدُوا وألقُوا الخِفافَ والسَّراويلاتِ، وعَلَيكُم بلِباسِ أبيكُم إسماعيلَ، وإيّاكُم والتَّنَعُّمَ وزِيَّ العَجَمِ، وعَلَيكُم بالشَّمسِ فإِنَّها حَمّامُ العَرَبِ، وتَمَعدَدوا (^٢)، واخشَوشِنوا (^٣)، واخلَولِقوا (^٤)،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يدب\" بالدال المهملة.\n(^٢) يقال: هو من الغلظ أحيانًا، ومنه قيل للغلام إذا شب وغلظ. تمعدد. ويقال: تمعددوا تشبهوا بعيش معد، وكانوا أهل قشف وغلظ في المعاش. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٣/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٣) اخوشنوا: البسوا الخُلْقان والخشن. غريب الحديث للحربى ٢/ ٥٤٥.\n(^٤) اخلولقوا: تحمل معنيين؛ الأول: اجتمعوا. والثانى: أبلوا الثياب، كناية عن التقشف. وكلاهما محتمل والثاني أقرب. والله أعلم. ينظر التاج ٢٥/ ٢٦١، ٢٦٣ (خ ل ق).","vol":"20","page":11},{"text":"واقطَعوا الرُّكُبَ (^١)، وانزُوا على الخَيلِ نَزوًا (^٢)، وارموا الأغراضَ، وامشوا ما بَينَها. وذَكَرَ باقِىَ الحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٦٩ - ورُوّينا في كِتابِ الفَرائضِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه كَتَبَ إلَى أبي عُبَيدَةَ -﵁-: أن عَلِّموا غِلمانَكُمُ العَومَ، ومُقاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمىَ. قال: وكانوا يَختَلِفونَ بَينَ الأغراضِ فجاءَ سَهمُ غَرْبٍ (^٤) فأصابَ غُلامًا فقتلَه وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رِبحٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عَيّاشِ بنِ أبي رَبيعَةَ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حَكيمِ بنِ عَبّادِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى أبي عُبَيدَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ أبي سَعدٍ الهَرَوِيِّ قَدِمَ عَلَينا، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ الحَريرِيُّ (^٦) ببَغدادَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الباغَندِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَعبَدٍ الحَرّانِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) الرُّكُب: بالضم؛ جمع ركاب، وهو الذى بستعين به الراكب عند ركوبه ويعتمد عليه. ولم يرد بذلك منع اتخاذ الركب، وإنما أراد تمرينهم وتدريبهم على ركوب الخيل حتى يسهل عليهم ذلك من غير استعانة بالركب. ينظر شرح صحيح البخاري لابن بطال ٥/ ٧٠.\n(^٢) النزو على الخيل: الوثوب عليها. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين البخاري ومسلم ص ٨٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢، ٣٠١)، وأبو يعلى في مسنده (٢١٣) من طريق عاصم الأحول به.\n(^٤) غرْب: من حيث لا يدري. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٢٢١.\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٢٣٣٧).\n(^٦) في حاشية الأصل: \"وهو معروف بالخرقي، والله أعلم\".","vol":"20","page":12},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبي الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"وجَبَت مَحَبَّتِي على مَن سَعَى بَينَ الغَرَضَينِ بقَوسِى لا بقَوسِ كِسرَى\" (^١).\n\n١٩٧٧١ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فرقَد الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ يَحيَى أبو الأصبَغِ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِي ابنَ سلمةَ الجَزَرِيَّ، عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحيمِ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ يَعنى ابنَ بُختٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: رأيتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ وجابِرَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ الأنصاريَّينِ -﵄- يَرتَميانِ، فمَلَّ أحَدُهُما فجَلَسَ، فقالَ له صاحِبُه: أجَلَستَ؟! أما سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كُلُّ شَئ لَيسَ مِن ذِكرِ اللهِ فهو سَهوٌ ولَهوٌ إلَّا أربَعًا، مَشىَ الرَّجُلِ بَينَ الغَرَضَينِ، وتأديبَه فرَسَه، وتَعَلُّمَه السِّباحَةَ، ومُلاعَبَتَه أهلَه\" (^٢).\nتابَعَه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ الجَزَرِيِّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٧٢ - حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ السَّرّاجُ (^٤) إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ رَبِّه، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في رياضة الأبدان (١٩) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٧٨٥) من طريق جعفر بن محمد الفريابي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٤٠)، وعنده: الحراني. بدلًا من: الجزري.\n(^٤) في م: \"بن السراج\".","vol":"20","page":13},{"text":"الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سُلَيمانَ مَولَى أبي رافِعٍ، عن أبي رافِعٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ألِلولدِ عَلَينا حَقٌّ كَحَقِّنا عَلَيهِم؟ قال: \"نَعَم، حَقُّ الوَلَدِ على الوالِدِ أن يُعَلِّمَه الكِتابَةَ والسِّباحَةَ والرَّمىَ وأن يوَرِّثَه طَيِّبًا\" (^١).\nهَذا حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ؛ عيسَى بنُ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِيُّ هذا مِن شُيوخِ بَقيَّةَ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ والبُخارِيُّ وغَيرُهُما (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4133>بابٌ: ارتِباطُ الخَيلِ عُدَّةٌ في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٩٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعَ شَبيبُ بنُ غَرقَدَةَ عُروةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. أو قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"الخَيرُ مَعقودٌ في نَواصِى الخَيلِ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\". قال سفيانُ: وزادَ فيه مُجالِدٌ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن عُروةَ البارِقِيِّ: \"الأجرُ والمَغنَمُ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ، عن عُروةَ البارِقِيِّ (^٤). وعن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عُروةَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٦٥). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ١٨٤ من طريق الزهري، وعنده: سليم. بدلًا من: أبي سليمان.\n(^٢) يحيى بن معين (٣٧١٣) برواية الدوري، والبخاري ٧/ ٤٠٦. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ١/ ٢٧٦، والمجروحين ٢/ ١٢١، والكامل ٥/ ١٨٩٠.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٧٢٤، ١٣٠١٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٥٩) من طريق أحمد بن شيبان به.","vol":"20","page":14},{"text":"البارِقِيِّ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ عن شَبيبٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمان بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن أبي صالِحٍ السَّفانِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الخَيلُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ لِرَجُلٍ أجرٌ، ولِرَجُل سِترٌ، وعَلَى رَجُلٍ وِزرٌ؛ فأمَّا الَّذِى هو له أجرٌ فرَجُلٌ رَبَطَها في سَبيلِ اللهِ فأطالَ لها في مَرجٍ أو رَوضَةٍ، فما أصابَت في طِيَلِها (^٣) ذَلِكَ مِنَ المَرجِ أوِ الرَّوضَةِ كانَت له حَسَناتٌ، ولَو أنَّها قَطَعَت طِيَلَها فاستَنَّت شَرَفًا أو شَرَفَينِ كانَت آثارُها وأرواثُها حَسَناتٍ له، ولَو أنَّها مَرَّت بنَهَرٍ فشَرِبَت مِنه ولَم يُرِدْ أن يَسقيَها كان ذَلِكَ حَسَنات له، ورَجُلٌ رَبَطَها تَغَنّيًا وتَعَفُّفًا وسِترًا ثُمَّ لَم يَنسَ حَقَّ اللهِ في رِقابِها ولا ظُهورِها فهِىَ لِذَلِكَ سِترٌ، ورَجُلٌ رَبَطَها فخرًا ورِئاءً ونِواءً لأهلِ الإسلامِ فهِىَ على ذَلِكَ وِزرٌ\". وسُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الحُمُرِ فقالَ: \"ما أُنزِلَ عليَّ فيها شَئٌ إلا هذه الآيَةُ الجامِعَةُ الفاذَّةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ (٧) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ (^٤) [الزلزلة: ٧، ٨]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٨٩) من طريق أحمد بن شيبان به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٦٤٣)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٤٩٤ (١٨٧٣/ ...). وتقدم عقب (١٣٠١٧).\n(^٣) طيلها: الطيل، الحبل، وقيل الحبل الطويل. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٢.\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٤٤٤، ومن طريقه النسائي (٣٥٦٥)، وابن حبان (٤٦٧٢). وتقدم في (٧٤٩٣).","vol":"20","page":15},{"text":"وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ أبي سعيدٍ، أنَّ سعيدًا المَقبُرِيَّ حَدَّثَه، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَن ابنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، حدثنا عبدانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، أنبأنا طَلحَةُ بنُ أبي سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدًا المَقبُرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ احتَبَسَ فرَسًا في سَبيلِ اللهِ إيمانًا للَّهِ (^٢)، وتَصديقًا بمَوعودِه كان شِبَعُه وريُّه وبَولُه ورَوثُه حَسَناتٍ في ميزانِه يَومَ القيامَةِ\". وفي رِوايَةِ ابنِ وهبٍ: \"إيمانًا باللَّهِ وتَصديقَ مَوعودِ اللهِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حَفصٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٨٦٠، ٣٦٤٦)، ومسلم (٩٨٧/ ٢٤).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بالله\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠١٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٩٢ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبي. وأخرجه النسائي (٣٥٨٤) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٨٨٦٦)، وابن حبان (٤٦٧٣) من طريق طلحة بن أبي سعيد به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٨٥٣).","vol":"20","page":16},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4134>بابٌ: لا سَبَقَ (^١) إلَّا في خُفٍّ أو حافِرٍ أو نَصلٍ</span>\n\n١٩٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، أخبرَنا نافِعُ بنُ أبي نافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا سَبَقَ إلَّا في خُفٍّ أو حافِرٍ أو نَصلٍ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبي طاهِرٍ البَغدادِيُّ بها، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِيُّ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ أبي نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا سَبَقَ إلّا في خُفٍّ أو نَصلٍ أو حافِرٍ\".\n\n١٩٧٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبانا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذئبٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ أبي نافِعٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَا سَبَقَ إلَّا في نَصلٍ أو حافِرٍ أو خُفٍّ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) السَّبَق: بفتح الباء، ما يجعل للسابق من الجعل. غريب الحديث للخطابي ١/ ٥٢١.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٠١٧)، والطيالسي (٢٤٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠١٣٨)، وأبو داود (٢٥٧٤)، والترمذي (١٧٠٠)، والنسائي (٣٥٨٧، ٣٥٨٨)، وابن حبان (٤٦٩٠) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٢٤٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٧٩)، والشافعي ٤/ ٣٢٩.","vol":"20","page":17},{"text":"١٩٧٨٠ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ أبي فُدَيكٍ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن عَبَّادِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا سَبقَ إلَّا في حافِرٍ أو خُفٍّ\" (^١). قال البخاريُّ في \"التاريخ\": قال لِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ شَيبَةَ: أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي الفُدَيكِ. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ عَبَّادِ بنِ أبي صالِح وقالَ: \"إلَّا في نَصلٍ أو حافِرٍ أو خُفٍّ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ أبي الدُّمَيكِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زيادٍ سَبَلانُ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ عَبّاد المُهَلَّبِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي الحَكَمِ مَولَى اللَّيثيّينَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا سَبقَ إلَّا في خُفٍّ أو حافِرٍ\". قال محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو: يَقولونَ: \"أو نَصلٍ\" (^٣).\nتابَعَه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، ويُذكَرُ عن أبي عبدِ اللهِ مَولَى الجُندَعيّينَ عن أبي هريرةَ نَحوُه (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٨٠)، والشافعي ٤/ ٣٢٩.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٨٣، ٨٤. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٨٨٣) من طريق عباد به، وفيهما عباد بن أبي صالح عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٣٩٨١: كأنه سقط عباد عن أبيه ...\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٨٢)، والنسائي (٣٥٩١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧٨) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٧٧، والنسائي (٣٥٨٩)، والطحاوي في شرح المشكل (١٨٨٦)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٨٧٢٩) من طريق أبي عبد الله مولى الجندعيين به.","vol":"20","page":18},{"text":"الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ الذُّهلِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سابَقَ بالخَيلِ التى قَد أُضمِرَت (^١) مِنَ الحَفياءِ إلَى ثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ، وسابَقَ [بين الخيلِ] (^٢) لَم تُضمَرْ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ فيمَن سابَقَ بها (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى، رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كانَت لِرسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- ناقَةٌ تُسَمَّى العَضباءَ لا تُسبَقُ، فجاءَ أعرابِيٌّ على قَعودٍ له فسَبَقَها، فشَقَّ ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ، فلَمّا رأى ما فى\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشه الأصل: \"ضُمِرت\". وتضمير الخيل: هو أن يظاهر عليها بالعلف حتى تسمن، ثم لا تعلف إلا قوتًا لتخفّ. النهاية ٣/ ٩٩.\n(^٢) فى م: \"بالخيل\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٧٨١)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٦٧٩)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٦٧، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٥٧٥)، والنسائى (٣٥٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤٦٨٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٩٤) من طريق نافع به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٧٩٣ - ١٩٧٩٨).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٢٠)، ومسلم (١٨٧٠/ ٩٥).","vol":"20","page":19},{"text":"وُجوهِهِم قالوا (^١): يا رسولَ اللهِ، سُبِقَتِ العَضباءُ. قال: \"إنَّ حَقًّا على اللهِ ألَّا يَرفَعَ شَيئًا مِنَ الدُّنيا إلَّا وضَعَه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ بُندارٍ الصوفيُّ، أنبأنا الفَضلُ بنُ حُبابٍ الجُمَحِيُّ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الأكوَعِ قال: خَرَجَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على قَومٍ مِن أسلَمَ يَتَناضَلونَ بالسّوقِ فقالَ: \"ارموا يابَنِي إسماعيلَ، فإِنَّ أباكُم كان راميًا، وأنا مَعَ بَنِي فُلانٍ\". لأحَدِ الفَريقَينِ، فأمسَكوا أيديَهُم قال: \"ما لكمُ؟ ارموا\" قالوا: وكَيفَ نَرمِى وأنتَ مَعَ بَنِى فُلانٍ؟ قال: \"ارموا وأنا مَعَكُم كُلِّكُم\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"قال\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (١٠٥١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٠١٠)، وأبو داود (٤٨٠٣)، والنسائى (٣٥٩٠)، وابن حبان (٧٠٣) من طريق حميد به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٨٢٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٨٧٢، ٦٥٠١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٦٩٣) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٦٥٢٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والطبرانى (٦٢٩٢) من طريق يزيد بن أبى عبيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٣٥٠٧).","vol":"20","page":20},{"text":"الصِّبغِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ على بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حَرمَلَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- مَرَّ على ناسٍ مِن أسلَمَ يَتَناضَلونَ قال: \"حَسَنٌ -لِهَذا اللَّهوِ مَرَّتَينِ- ارموا، فإِنَّه كان لَكُم أبٌ يَرمِي، ارموا وأنا مَعَ ابنِ الأدرَعِ\". قال: فأمسَكَ القَومُ أيديَهُم فقالَ: \"ما لَكُم؟ \". فقالوا: لا واللَّهِ لا نَرمِى وأنتَ مَعَه يا رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-؛ إذًا يَنضُلَنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"ارموا وأنا مَعَكُم جَميعًا\". قال: فقالَ: رَمَوْا عامَّةَ يَومِهِم ثُمَّ تَفَرَقوا على السَّواءِ، ما نَضَلَ بَعضُهُم بَعضًا (^١).\n\n١٩٧٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ إبنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَينا الحَبَشَةُ يَلعَبونَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- بحِرابِهِم دَخَلَ عُمَرُ فأهوَى إلَى الحَصباءِ فحَصَبَهُم بها، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"دَعْهُم يا عُمَرُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعِ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٣٧١)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٣٤٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٠٣ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٢٤)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٠٨٠)، وابن حبان (٥٨٦٧). وأخرجه النسائى (١٥٩٥) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٨٩٣/ ٢٢)، والبخارى (٢٩٠١).","vol":"20","page":21},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4135>بابُ ما جاءَ فى المُسابَقَةِ بالعَدوِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ اليَمامِيُّ، عن إياسِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن أبيه قال: غَزَونا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فأردَفَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وراءَه على العَضباءِ فأقبَلتُ إلَى المَدينَةِ، فبَينَما نَحنُ نَسوقُ وكانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ لا يُسبَقُ شَدًّا فجَعَلَ يقولُ: ألا مِن مُسابِقٍ إلَى المَدينَةِ؟ هَل مِن مُسابِقٍ؟ فجَعَلَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ مِرارًا، فلَمّا سَمِعتُ كَلامَه قُلتُ له: أما تُكرِمُ كَريمًا، ولا تَهابُ شَريفًا؟! قال: لا إلَّا أن يَكونَ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-. قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، ائذَنْ لِي فلِأُسابِقَ الرَّجُلَ. قال: \"إن شِئتَ\". قال: فطَفَرتُ (^١)، ثُمَّ عَدَوتُ شَرَفًا أو شَرَفَينِ، ثُمَّ إنِّى تَرَفَّعتُ حتى (^٢) لَحِقتُه فأصطَكُّه (^٣) بَينَ كَتِفَيه، فقُلتُ: سَبَقتُكَ واللَّهِ. قال: أنَ أظُنُّ (^٤). قال: فسَبَقتُه إلَى المَدينَةِ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) طفرت: وثبت. ينظر المغرب فى ترتيب المعرب ٢/ ٢٢.\n(^٢) فى م: \"حين\".\n(^٣) فى ش، وحاشية الأصل والمهذب ٨/ ٣٩٨٣:\"فأصُكُّه\". والصك: الضرب. التاج ١٠/ ٤٥٦ (ص ك ك).\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت المحفوظ: أنا أظنُّ. فلعل الكاتب كتبها بغير ألف لكونها لا تثبت فى وصل الكلام وهذا خير من اعتقاد أنها أن المشددة وقد وليها أظن، أو المخففة وهى توهم النفى. والله سبحانه أعلم\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ١٨٦ مطولًا. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥٣٩)، وابن حبان (٧١٧٣) من طريق عكرمة بن عمار به مطولًا.","vol":"20","page":22},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكوٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبى إسحاقَ الفَزارِىِّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: أخبَرَتنِى عائشَةُ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى سَفَرٍ وهِىَ جاريَةٌ فقالَ لأصحابِه: \"تَقَدَّموا\". فتَقَدَّموا، ثُمَّ قال: \"تعالَيْ (^٢) أُسابِقْكِ\". فسابَقْتُه فسَبَقتُه على رِجلِى، فلَمّا كان بَعدُ خَرَجتُ أيضًا مَعَه فى سَفَرٍ فقالَ لأصحابِه: \"تَقَدَّموا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"تعالَيْ (^٢) أُسابِقكِ\". ونَسِيتُ الَّذِى كان وقَد حَمَلتُ اللَّحمَ، فقُلتُ: وكَيفَ أُسابِقُكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ وأنا على هذه الحالِ؟! فقالَ: \"لَتَفعَلِنَّ \". فسابَقْتُه فسَبَقَنِى، فقالَ: \"هذه بتِلكَ السَّبقَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٧٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ الأنطاكِيُّ مَحبوبُ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، وعن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى سَفَرٍ، فسابَقْته فسَبَقْتُه على رِجلِى، فلَمّا حَمَلتُ اللَّحمَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٠٧/ ١٣٢).\n(^٢) فى م: \"تعال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤١١٩) من طريق معاوية بن عمرو به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٤٥) من طريق أبى إسحاق الفزارى به.","vol":"20","page":23},{"text":"سابَقْتُه فسَبَقَنِى، فقالَ: \"هذه بتِلكَ السَّبقَةِ\" (^١).\nورَواه أبو أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ عن رَجُلٍ عن أبى سلمةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢).\nورَواه جَرير عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4136>بابُ ما جاءَ فى المُصارَعَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأنصارِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يعرضُ غِلمانَ الأنصارِ فى كُلِّ عامٍ، فيُلحِقُ مَن أدرَكَ مِنهُم. قال: وعُرِضتُ عامًا فألحَقَ غُلامًا ورَدَّنِي، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَقَد ألحَقتَه ورَدَدْتَنِى ولَو صارَعتُه لَصَرَعتُه، قال: \"فصارِعْه\". فصارَعتُه فصَرَعتُه فألحَقَنى (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٩١ - وروى أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- كان بالبَطحاءِ فأتَى عَلَيه يَزيدُ بنُ رُكانَةَ أو رُكانَةُ بنُ يَزيدَ ومَعَه أعنُزٌ له فقالَ له:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٧٨). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٤٤) من طريق أبى إسحاق الفزارى به. وأحمد (٢٤١١٨) من طريق هشام بن عروة عن أبيه به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٤٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤١٤٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه إسحاق بن راهويه فى مسنده (٨٠٦).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٧٨٦٩). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٩٨٣: سنده صالح.","vol":"20","page":24},{"text":"يا محمدُ، هَل لَكَ أن تُصارِعَنى؟ فقالَ: \"ما تُسبِقُنِى؟ \". قال: شاةً مِن غَنَمِى. فصارَعَه فصَرَعَه فأخَذَ شاةً. قال رُكانَةُ: هَل لَكَ فى العودِ؟ قال: \"ما تُسبِقُنِى؟ \". قال: أُخرَى. ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ مِرارًا، فقالَ: يا محمدُ، واللَّهِ ما وضَعَ أحَدٌ جَنبِى إلَى الأرضِ، وما أنتَ الَّذِى تَصرَعُنِى. يَعنى فأسلَمَ ورَدَّ عَلَيه رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- غَنَمَه. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهو مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ مَوصولًا إلَّا أنَّه ضَعيف، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4137>بابُ ما جاءَ فى اللَّعِبِ بالحَمامِ</span>\n\n١٩٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: رأى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- رَجُلًا يَتبَعُ حَمامَةً فقالَ: \"شَيطانٌ يَتبَعُ شَيطانَةً\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود فى المراسيل (٣٠٨). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة ٣٠٨/ ٢ عقب (٢٨٢٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) قال فى التلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٣٩٧: هو فى أحاديث أبى بكر الشافعى وفى كتاب السبق والرمى لأبى الشيخ من رواية عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ عن حماد عن عمرو بن دينار عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٨١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٥٤٣)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٣٠٠)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٦٥)، وابن حبان (٥٨٧٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٣١): حسن صحيح. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٩٨٢).","vol":"20","page":25},{"text":"خالَفَه شَريكٌ فيما رُوِىَ عنه فقالَ: عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبى سلمةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^١). وحَديثُ حَمّادٍ أصَحُّ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nورَوَى عُمَرُ بنُ حَمزَةَ عن حُصَينِ بنِ مُصعَبٍ قال: كَرِهَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁- التَراهُنَ بالحمامَينِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4138>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الوالِى يُسَبِّقُ بَيَن الخَيلِ مِن غايَةٍ إلَى غايَةٍ</span>\n\n١٩٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيىَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سابَقَ بَينَ الخَيلِ يُرسِلُها مِنَ الحَفياءِ (^٣)، وكانَ أمَدُها ثَنيَّةَ الوَداعِ، وسابَقَ بَينَ الخَيلِ التى لَم تُضَمَّرْ، وكانَ أمَدُها مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنى زُرَيقٍ، وأنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان سابَقَ بها (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ قَتادَةَ، وحَديثُ أبى عبدِ اللهِ فى التى لَم تُضَمَّرْ لَم يَذكُرْ ما قَبلَه.\n\n١٩٧٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٦٤)، والدارقطنى فى العلل ١٤/ ٣٠٧ (٣٦٤٨) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"بالحمامتين\".\nوالأثر ذكره البخارى في التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٧.\n(^٣) الحفياء: موضع قرب المدينة. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٧٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه الذهبى فى تذكرة الحفاظ ٣/ ١٠٧١ من طريق أبى الفضل محمد بن عبد الله بن خميرويه به. وتقدم فى (١٩٧٨٣)، وينظر ما سيأتى فى الباب.","vol":"20","page":26},{"text":"الفارَيابِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه بتَمامِهِ (^١) رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ مُختَصَرًا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: أجرَى النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ما ضُمِّرَ مِنَ الخَيلِ مِنَ الحَفياءِ إلَى ثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ، وأجرَى ما لَم يُضَمَّرْ مِنَ الثَّنيَّةِ إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ عُقبَةَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٧٩٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- ضَمَّرَ الخَيلَ فأرسَلَها مِنَ الحَفياءِ، وما كان مِنها غَيرَ مُضَمَّرٍ أرسَلَه مِن ثَنيَّةِ كَذا إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٤٢٥) من طريق قتية بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٦٩)، ومسلم (١٨٧٠/ ...).\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١٦٩٩)، وابن حبان (٤٦٨٧) من طريق سفيان به. وعند الترمذى: عبد الله. بدلًا من عبيد الله. وأحمد (٥١٨١)، وأبو داود (٢٥٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧٧) من طريق عبيد الله به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٨٦٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٤٧) من طريق الحسن بن على بن عفان العامرى به.","vol":"20","page":27},{"text":"عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ العَتَكِيُّ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سَبَّقَ بَينَ الخَيلِ فجَعَلَ غايَةَ المُضَمَّرةِ (^٢) مِنَ الحَفياءِ إلَى ثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ، وما لَم يُضَمَّرْ مِنَ الثَنيَّةِ إلَى مَسجِدِ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ. قال ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: جِئتُ سابِقًا فطَفَّفَ بىَ الفَرَسُ المَسجِدَ (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ حَربٍ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ العَتَكِى (^٥).\n\n١٩٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ هو الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا المُسَيَّبُ بنُ واضِحٍ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ الفَزارِىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: سَبَّقَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بَينَ الخَيلِ التى أُضمِرَت، فأرسَلَها مِنَ الحَفياءِ، وكانَ أمَدُها ثَنيَّةَ الوَداعِ، فقُلتُ لِموسَى: وكَم بَينَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: سِتَّةُ أميالٍ أو سَبعَةٌ. وسَبَّقَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٧٠/ ...).\n(^٢) فى م: \"المضمرات\".\n(^٣) أى: ارتفع حتى وثب المسجد، وكان جداره قصيرا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٥٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد. وأحمد (٤٤٨٧)، والبزار (٥٤٤٠)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٠٠ من طربق أيوب به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٧٠/ ...).","vol":"20","page":28},{"text":"بَينَ الخَيلِ التى لَم تُضَمَّرْ، فأرسَلَها مِن ثَنيَّةِ الوَداعِ، وكانَ أمَدُها مَسجِدَ بَنِى زُرَيقٍ. قُلتُ: وكَم بَينَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: مِيلٌ أو نَحوُه. قال: وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- مِمَّن سابَقَ فيها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبى إسحاقَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ وأُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ عن نافِعٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ العَبدُ الصالِحُ، حدثنا سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ العَتَكِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن العُمَرِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- أن الخَيلَ كانَت تُجرَى مِن سِتَّةِ أميالٍ فتُسَبَّقُ فأعطَى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- السّابِقَ (^٣). حَمّادُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ هذا مَجهولٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4139>بابُ الرَّجُلَيِن يَستَبِقانِ بفَرَسَيهِما ويُخرِجُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما سَبَقًا، ويُدخِلانِ بَينَهُما مُحَلِّلًا على أنَّه إن سَبَقَهُما المُحَلِّلُ كان ما أخرَجا له، وإِن سَبَقَ أحَدُهُما المُحَلِّلَ أحرَزَ مالَه وأخَذَ مالَ صاحِبِهِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا حُصَينُ بنُ نُمَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٢٥٢)، والبغوى فى شرح السنة ١٠/ ٣٩١ من طريق أبى إسحاق الفزارى به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٨٧٠)، ومسلم (١٨٧٠) عقب (٩٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٦٥٦) من طريق العمرى به.","vol":"20","page":29},{"text":"عن سُفيانَ بنِ حُسَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدننا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺقال: \"مَن أدخَلَ فرَسًا بَينَ فرَسَينِ، وقَد أَمِنَ أن يَشبِقَ فهو قِمارٌ، ومَن أدخَلَ فرَسًا بَينَ فرَسَينِ وهو لا يَأمَنُ أن يَسبِقَ فلَيسَ بقِمارٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا القاسِمُ بنُ اللَّيثِ الرَّسعَنيُّ وعُمَرُ بنُ سِنانٍ وابنُ دُحَيمٍ قالوا: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"مَن أدخَلَ فرَسًا بَينَ فرَسَينِ وهو لا يخافُ أن يَسْبِقَ فهو قِمارٌ، ومَن أدخَلَ فرَسًا بَينَ فرَسَينِ وهو يخافُ أن يَسْبِقَ فلَيسَ بقِمارٍ\" (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ به سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ وسَعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وقَد أخرَجَهُما أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤١١٣)، وأحمد (١٠٥٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٧٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٦٢٧).\n(^٢) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١٢٠٨. وأخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٣٦١٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٥٧٩، ٢٥٨٠).","vol":"20","page":30},{"text":"١٩٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: لَيسَ برِهانِ الخَيلِ بأس إذا أُدخِلَ فيها مُحَلِّلٌ، فإِن سَبَقَ أخَذَ السَّبَقَ، وإِن سُبِقَ لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه شَئٌ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: الرِّهانُ فى الخَيلِ جائز إذا أُدخِلَ فيها مُحَلِّل، إن سَبَقَ أخَذَ وإِن سُبِقَ لَم يَغرَمْ شَيئًا، ويَنبَغِى أن يَكونَ المُحَلِّلُ شَبيهًا بالخَيلِ فى النَجاءِ (^٢) والجَودَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4140>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الرِّهانِ على الخَيلِ وما يَجوزُ مِنه وما لا يَجوزُ</span>\n\n١٩٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضى، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ الخِرّيتِ، عن أبى لَبيدٍ قال: أرسَلَ الحَكَمُ بنُ أيّوبَ الخَيلَ يَومًا قُلنا: لَو أتَينا أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ، فأتَيناه فسألناه: أكُنتُم تُراهِنونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-؟ قال: نَعَم، لَقَد راهَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على فرَسٍ له\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٦٨. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤١١٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) النجاء: الإسراع فى السير. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٥٤٩.","vol":"20","page":31},{"text":"يُقالُ لها: سَبْحَةُ، جاءَت سابِقَةً فهشَّ لذَلِكَ وأعجَبَه (^١).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ وعَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ أو سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن واصِلٍ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنى موسَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ قال: أصبَحتُ فى الحِجرِ بعدَما صَلَّينا الغَداةَ، فلَمّا أسفَرنا إذا فينا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-، فجَعَلَ يَستَقرِئُنا رَجُلًا رَجُلًا يقولُ: أينَ صَلَّيتَ يا فُلانُ؟ قال: يقولُ: هاهنا. حَتَّى أتَى عليَّ فقالَ: أينَ صَلَّيتَ يا ابنَ عُبَيدٍ؟ فقُلتُ: هاهُنا. قال: بَخٍ بَخٍ، ما نَعلَمُ صَلاة أفضَلَ عِندَ الله مِن صَلاةِ الصُّبحِ جَماعَةً يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. فسألوه فقالوا: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أكُنتُم تُراهِنونَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-؟ قال: نَعَم، لَقَد راهَنَ على فرَسٍ له يُقالُ لها: سَبْحَةُ، فجاءَت سابِقَةً. قال إسماعيلُ: كان سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ حدثنا بهَذا الحديثِ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، ثُمَّ قال بعدَ ذَلِكَ: حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ أو سعيدُ بنُ زَيدٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٢٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٨٩٩)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٨٥٠) من طريق سعيد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤١١٩) عن يزيد بن هارون. وأحمد (١٣٦٨٩)، والدارمى (٢٤٧٤) من طريق عفان بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الخلافيات- كما فى البدر المنير ٩/ ٤٢٣. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٩٨٦: لم يخرجهما الستة.","vol":"20","page":32},{"text":"حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ، ورَواه أسَدُ بنُ موسَى عن حَمّادِ بنِ ريدٍ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا إن صحَّ فإِنَّما أرادَ: إذا سَبَقَ أحَدُ الفارِسَينِ صاحِبَه فيَكونُ السَّبَقُ مِنه دونَ صاحِبِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا ألو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى وابنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا غُندَرٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ قاذ: سَمِعتُ عياضًا الأشعَرِىَّ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدَةَ: مَن يُراهِنُنى؟ قال: فقالَ شابٌّ: أنا إن لَم تَغضَبْ. قال: فسَبَقَه. قال: فرأيتُ عَقيصَتَي أبى عُبَيدَةَ تَنقُزانِ (^١)، وهو خَلفَه على فرَسٍ عرْىٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا الأسوَدُ بنُ عامِرٍ شاذانُ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الرُّكَينِ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- رَفَعَه إلَى النَبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الخَيلُ ثَلَاثة؛ فرَسٌ لِلرَّحمَنِ، وفَرَسٌ لِلشَّيطانِ، وفَرَسٌ للإِنسانِ، فأمَّا فرَسُ الرَّحمَنِ فالَّذِى يُرتَبَطُ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ، رَوثُه وبَولُه فى ميزانِه، وفرَسُ (^٣) الشَّيطانِ\n_________\n(^١) تنقز: أى تثب. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٤٣١.\n(^٢) فى م: \"عربى\". وفرس عرى: أى لا جُلَّ عليه، والجُل ما تلبسه الدابة لتصان به. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٤٥٥، وتاج العروس ٢٨/ ٢١٩،\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٧٦٦) من طريق محمد بن بشار به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٤٠٧)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٣١)، والطبرانى (٣٦٢) من طريق محمد بن جعفر غندر به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"أما فرس\".","vol":"20","page":33},{"text":"فالَّذِى يُراهَنُ عَلَيه، وأمّا فرَسُ الإنسانِ فالَّذِى يَرتَبِطُها يَلتَمِسُ بَطنَها مَخافَةَ الفَقرِ\" (^١).\nوهَذا إن ثَبَتَ فإِنَّما أرادَ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- أن يُخرِجا سَبَقَينِ مِن عِندِهِما ولَم يُدخِلا بَينَهُما مُحَلِّلًا، فيَكونَ قِمارًا، فلا يَجوزُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4141>بابٌ: لا جَلَبَ ولا جَنَبَ فى الرِّهانِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٠٨ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيَّالِسِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِئُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ، جَميعًا عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا جَلَبَ ولا جَنَبَ فى الرِّهانِ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ عَنبَسَةَ، وفِي رِوايَةِ حُمَيدٍ: \"لا جَنَبَ ولا جَلَبَ ولا شِغارَ فى الإِسلامِ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشى فى مسنده (٨٣٢) من طريق العباس بن محمد الدورى به. وأحمد (٣٧٥٦) من طريق شريك به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٥/ ٢٦١: رواه أحمد، ورجاله ثقات، فإن كان القاسم بن حسان سمع من ابن مسعود فالحديث صحيح.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٨٧٧)، وأبو داود (٢٥٨١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٨٧)، وابن حبان (٣٢٦٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. والترمذى (١١٢٣)، والنسائى (٣٣٣٥، ٣٥٩٢) من طريق حميد الطويل به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٤٩).","vol":"20","page":34},{"text":"الجَلَبُ والجَنَبُ فى الرِّهانِ (^١).\n\n١٩٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ قال: سُئلَ مالك: ما تَفسيرُ ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ: أمّا الجَلَبُ، فأن يَتَخَلَّفَ الفَرَسُ فى السِّباقِ فيُحَرَّكَ وراءَه الشَّئُ يُستَحَثُّ به فيَسبِقُ، فهَذا الجَلَبُ. وأمّا الجَنَبُ، فأنْ يُجنِبَ مَعَ الفَرَسِ الَّذِى يُسابِقُ به فرَسًا آخَرَ، حَتَّى إذا دَنا تَحَوَّلَ راكِبُه على الفَرَسِ المَجنوبِ، فأخَذَ السَّبَقَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ صُدرانَ السُّلَمِيَّ يقولُ: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَيمونٍ المُرائيُّ، حدثنا عَوف، عن الحَسَنِ أو خِلاسٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- شَكَّ ابنُ مَيمونٍ -أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال لِعَلِىٍّ -﵁-: \"يا عليُّ، قَد جَعَلتُ إلَيكَ هذه السَّبقَةَ بَينَ النّاسِ\". فخَرَجَ علىٌّ -﵁- فدَعا سُراقَةَ بنَ مالكٍ فقالَ: يا سُراقَةُ، إنِّى قَد جَعَلتُ إلَيكَ ما جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فى عُنُقِى مِن هذه السَّبقَةِ فى عُنُقِكَ، فإِذا أتَيتَ المِيطارَ- قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: والمِيطارُ مُرْسَلُها مِنَ الغايَةِ- فصُفَّ الخَيلَ ثُمَّ نادِ: هَل مُضل (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٥٨٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (١٨٩٦) عن يونس بن عبد الأعلى قال: أخبرنا عبد الله بن وهب، قال: سئل مالك بن أنس ...\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"كذا فيهما، ولعله مُصْلح\".","vol":"20","page":35},{"text":"لِلِجامٍ، أو حامِلٌ لِغُلامٍ، أو طارحٌ لجُلٍّ؟ فإِذا لَم يُجِبْكَ أحَدٌ فكَبِّرْ ثَلاثًا ثُمَّ خَلِّها عِندَ الثّالِثَةِ يُسعِدُ اللهُ بسَبَقِه مَن شاءَ مِن خَلقِه، وكانَ علىٌّ -﵁- يَقعُدُ عِندَ مُنتَهَى الغايَةِ ويَخُطُّ خَطًّا يُقيمُ رَجُلَينِ مُتَقابِلَينِ عِندَ طَرَفِ الخَطِّ طَرَفُه بَينَ إبهامِ أرجُلِهِما وتَمُرُّ الخَيلُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ ويَقولُ لَهُما: إذا خَرَجَ أحَدُ الفَرَسَينِ على صاحِبِه بطَرَفِ أُذُنَيه أو أُذُنٍ أو عِذارٍ فاجعَلوا السَّبقَةَ له، فإِن شَكَكتُما فاجعلا (^١) سَبَقَهُما نِصفَينِ، فإِذا قَرَنتُمُ الشَّيئَينِ فاجعَلوا الغايَةَ مِن غايَةِ أصغَرِ الشَّيئَينِ، ولا جَلَبَ ولا جَنَبَ ولا شِغارَ في الإِسلامِ (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ ضعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4142>بابُ النَّهىِ عن التَّحريشِ بَينَ البَهائمِ</span>\n\n١٩٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَرّاجُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحَضرَمِيُّ مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن قُطبَةَ يَعنى ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن التَحريشِ بَينَ البَهائمِ (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ فى كِتاب \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فاجعلوا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٣٠٥ من طريق أبى سهل أحمد بن محمد بن زياد القطان به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٥٣٩)، والآداب (٨٢٣). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٧٠٨)، وأبو يعلى (٢٥٠٩)، والطبرانى (١١١٢٣) من طريق أبى كريب محمد بن العلاء به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٢٥٦٢) وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبي داود (٥٥٢).","vol":"20","page":36},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن شَريكٍ عن الأعمَشِ (^١). ورَواه زيادُ بن عبدِ اللهِ البكّائيُّ عن الأعمَشِ عن المِنهالِ بنِ عمرٍو عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢).\nورَواه مَنصورُ بنُ أبى الأسوَدِ عن الأعمَشِ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\nورَواه لَيثُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\nوالمَحفوظُ ما:\n\n١٩٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: نَهَى رسول اللهِ -ﷺ- عن التَّحريشِ بَينَ البَهائمِ (^٥)، وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4143>بابُ كَراهيَةِ إنزاءِ الحُمُرِ علي الخَيلِ</span>\n\n١٩٨١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِيِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي عقب (١٧٠٩)، وأبو يعلي (٢٥١٠) من طريق شريك عن الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار عقب (٤٩٠٣)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٠٤٩ من طريق زياد بن عبد الله العامري البكائي به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني في العلل ١٣/ ٢١٤ عقب (٣١٠٦) من طريق منصور بن أبي الأسود به.\n(^٤) أخرجه البخاري في الأداب المفرد (١٢٣٢)، والحربي في غريب الحديث ١/ ٢٨٥ من طريق ليث بن أبي سليم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الترمذي (١٧٠٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال: يقال: هذا أصح من حديث قطبة.","vol":"20","page":37},{"text":"ابنُ سَوّارٍ، حدثنا لَيث، عن يَزيدَ هو ابنُ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن ابنِ زُرَيرٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: أُهديَت لِرسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- بَغلَة فرَكِبَها، فقالَ عليٌّ: لَو حَمَلنا الحُمُرَ على الخَيلِ فكانَ لَنا مِثلُ هذه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنما يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ الَّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ\" (^١) رَواه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن قتُيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ هَكَذا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ وغَيرُه عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عليُّ بنُ المَدينىِّ عن أبى الوَليدِ هِشامِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ عن اللَّيثِ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ (^٥).\nورَواه شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ الصَّريفينيُّ عن أبى الوَليدِ كما:\n\n١٩٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ بها، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى الصَّعبَةِ، عن أبى أفلَحَ الهَمْدانيِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٧٨٥)، والنسائى (٣٥٨٢) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٥٦٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٢٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٧٣٤) من طريق يحيي بن بكير به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٦٨٢)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢١٥) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٩) من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"20","page":38},{"text":"زُرَيرٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أُهديَت لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- بَغلَةٌ فأعجَبَتنا فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا نُنزِى الحُمُرَ على خَيلِنا حَتَّى تأتِى بمِثلِ هذه؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنَّما يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ الّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ:\n\n١٩٨١٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المَدينِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ أبى الصَّعبَةِ، عن أبى أفلَحَ الهَمْدانِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ زُرَيرٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: لَمّا أَهْدَى صاحِبُ أيلَةَ أو فروَةُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- بَغلَتَه البَيضاءَ قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لَو أنزَينا الحُمُرَ على الخَيلِ العِرابِ لَجاءَنا مِثلُ هذه. فقالَ: \"إنَّما يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ الَذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ\" (^١). ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n١٩٨١٧ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى زُرعَةَ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عثمانَ بنِ المُغيرَةِ وهو ابنُ أبى زُرعَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٤٢٦٤) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.","vol":"20","page":39},{"text":"على بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: قيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنُنزِى الحِمارَ على الفَرَسِ؟ قال: \"إنَّما يَعمَلُ ذَلِكَ الَّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ\". هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ الصَّبّاحِ قال: أُهدِىَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بَغلَةٌ أو بَغلٌ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما هَذا؟ قال: \"بَغلٌ أو بَغلَةٌ، يُنزَى الحِمارُ على الفَرَسِ فيَخرُجُ هذا مِن بَينهِما\". فقُلتُ: نُنزى فُلانًا على فُلانَةَ؟ قال: \"إنَّما يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ الَّذينَ لا يَعلَمونَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ المَيمونِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى جَهضَمٍ موسَى بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ مِن ولَدِ العباسِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بإِسباغِ الوُضوءِ، ونَهانا- ولا أقولُ: نَهاكُم- أن نأكُلَ الصدَقَةَ، ولا نُنزِىَ حِمارًا على فرَسٍ.\nكَذا قالَه الثَّورِيُّ فى هذا الإسنادِ: عُبَيدُ اللهِ (^٢). وكَذَلِكَ قالَه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ فيما رَوَى عنه الطيَّالِسِيُّ (^٣)، وِإنَّما هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ. وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ وِإسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٥١). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٦٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢١٢) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٣٥). وأخرجه الترمذى عقب (١٧٠١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٢/ ٤، ٣/ ٢٧٥، ٢٩٧، والطبرانى (١٠٦٤٢) من طريق أبى جهضم موسى بن سالم به.\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٢٧٢٣).","vol":"20","page":40},{"text":"أبى جهضَمٍ (^١). وحَديثُ سُفيانَ وهْمٌ، قالَه البخارىُّ وغَيرُه.\n\n١٩٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِث، عن موسَى بنِ سالِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ قال: دَخَلتُ على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى شَبابٍ مِن بَنِى هاشِمٍ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ فى حَديثٍ ذَكَرَه عن رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-: وما اختَصَّنا دونَ النّاسِ بشَئٍ إلَّا بثَلاثِ خِصالٍ؛ أمَرَنا أن نُسبغَ الوُضوءَ، وألَأ نأكُلَ الصَّدَقَةَ، وألَأ نُنزِىَ الحِمارَ على الفَرَسِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4144>بابُ كراهيَةِ خِصاءِ البَهائمِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن صَبْرِ الرُّوحِ (^٣) وخِصاءِ البَهائمِ (^٤). قال العباسُ: لَم يَروِه خَلقٌ إلَّا عُبَيدُ اللهِ، وهو يُستَغرَبُ عنه.\nقال الشيخُ: كَذا رَواه العباسُ.\n_________\n(^١) رواية حماد بن زيد تقدمت فى (١٣٣٦٥)، ورواية عبد الوارث بن سعيد ستأتى فى الحديث التالى. ورواية إسماعيل ابن علية أخرجها أحمد (١٩٧٧)، والترمذى (١٧٠١)، وابن خزيمة عقب (١٧٥). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٨٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٨) من طريق أبى جهضم موسى بن سالم به، وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٧٢٤).\n(^٣) صبرت البهيمة أصبرها صبرا: إذا أنت أوثقتها ثم قتلتها رميا وضربا. غريب الحديث لابن قتية ١/ ٢٧٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٢٤٩٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.","vol":"20","page":41},{"text":"١٩٨٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى. فذَكَرَ إسنادَه إلا أنَّه قال: عن صَبْرِ الرُّوحِ، وإِخصاءُ البَهائمِ صَبر شَديدٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: قَولُه: وِإخصاءُ البَهائمِ صَبر شَديدٌ. قياسٌ على ما نُهِىَ عنه مِن صَبرِ الرّوحِ، وهو مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِيِّ، فقَد رَواه غَيرُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ مُرسَلًا، وجَعَلَ الكَلامَ فى الإخصاءِ مِن قَولِ الزُّهرِيِّ:\n\n١٩٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو البَختَرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى العَوّامِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ العَقَدِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ قال: سألتُ الزُّهرِيِّ عن الإخصاءِ فقالَ: حَدَّثَنى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن صَبرِ الرّوحِ. قال الزُّهرِيُّ: والإِخصاءُ صَبرٌ شَديدٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يونُسُ ومَعمَر عن الزُّهرِيِّ مُرسَلًا، وذَكَرَ مَعمَرٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ الخِصاءَ كما ذَكَرَه ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، والمَحفوظُ فى هذا الخَبَرِ ما رَواه العَقَدِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ لِمُتابَعَةِ مَعمَرٍ ويونُسَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n١٩٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَيْنِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مِقدامُ بنُ داودَ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-","vol":"20","page":42},{"text":"قال: \"لا إخصاءَ فى الإِسلامِ، ولا بُنيانَ كَنيسَة\".\n\n١٩٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ إخصاءَ البَهائمِ ويَقولُ: لا تَقطَعوا ناميَةَ خَلقِ اللهِ ﷿ (^١).\nهذا هو الصحيح مَوقوفٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n١٩٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضى وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ الصَّحّافُ، حدثنا جُبارَةُ بنُ المُغَلِّسِ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِع، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن إخصاءِ الإبِلِ والبَقَرِ والغَنمِ والخَيلِ وقالَ: إنَّما النَّماءُ فى الحَبَلِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ يَمانٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ (^٣).\nورَواه غَيرُ جُبارَةَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن عبدِ (^٤) اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٩٤٨، وعبد الرزاق (٨٤٤٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣١٧ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٢ من طريق جبارة بن المغلس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ١٩٠ من طريق يحيى بن يمان به.\n(^٤) فى م: \"عبيد\".","vol":"20","page":43},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- (^١).\nورَواه جُبارَةُ أيضًا عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نافِعٍ عن أبيه عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُ جُبارَةَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ. وهَذا المَتنُ بهَذا الإسنادِ أشبَهُ؛ فعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ نافِع فيه ضَعْفٌ (^٣) يَليقُ به رَفعُ المَوقوفاتِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nورُوِىَ عن موسَى بنِ يَسارٍ عن نافِع عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَرفوعًا، والصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\nورَواه عاصِمُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كان يَنهَى عن إخصاءِ البَهائمِ ويَقولُ: وهَلِ النَّماءُ إلَّا فى الذُّكورِ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المُهاجِرِ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى سَعدٍ؛ أن لا تُخصيَنَّ فرَسًا، ولا تُجريَنَ فرَسًا من (^٥) المِائَتَينِ (^٦). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ. ورِواياتُ عاصِمٍ فيها ضَعفٌ (^٧)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٢، ٦٠٣ من طرق عن عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٢ من طريق جبارة به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٢٠٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٤١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣١٢٥) من طريق عاصم بن عبيد الله به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"بين\".\n(^٦) فى الأصل: \"المايين\". والأثر ذكره البوصيرى فى إتحاف الخيرة المهرة (٤٨١١) عن إبراهيم به.\n(^٧) تقدم فى (٢٢٧٦).","vol":"20","page":44},{"text":"القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ﴾ [النساء: ١١٩] قال: يَعنِى إخصاءَ البَهائمِ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال: يَعنِى الفِطرَةَ الدّينَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٢٨ - قال: وحدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: يَعنِى دينَ اللَّهِ (^٣).\nوروّينا عن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ وقَتادَةَ مِثلَ قَولِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nوعن بَشيرٍ قال: أمَرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أُخصِى بَعْلًا له فى خِلافَتِهِ (^٥).\nوعن الحَسَنِ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الخِصاءِ فقالَ: لا بأسَ به (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤٩٤/ ٧، ٤٩٦، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٥٩٨٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) مجاهد فى تفسيره ص ٢٩٣. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ٤٩٩ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ٤٩٨ من طريق مغيرة به.\n(^٤) قول الحسن أخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة ٤٠٢/ ١٤، وقول سعيد أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٦٩١ - تفسير).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٠٣، ١٠٤ مسندًا عن بشير عن عمر.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٤٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣١٢٩)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ٤٩٥.","vol":"20","page":45},{"text":"وعن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ أنّه أخصَى بَغلًا لَه (^١).\nوعن ابنِ سيرينَ أنَّه قال: لا بأسَ بإِخصاءِ الخَيلِ؛ لَو تُرِكَتِ الفُحولُ لأكَلَ بَعضُها بَعضًا (^٢).\nوعن عَطاءٍ: ما خيفَ عَضاضُه وسوءُ خُلُقِه فلا بأسَ بهِ (^٣).\nومُتابَعَةُ قَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مع ما فيه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ المَرويَّةِ أولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\nويَحتَمِلُ جَوازُ ذَلِكَ إذا اتَّصَلَ به غَرَضٌ صَحيحٌ كما حَكَينا عن التّابِعينَ، ورُوّينا فى كِتابِ الضَّحايا تَضحيَةَ النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- بكَبشَينِ مَوجوءينِ (^٤)، وذَلِكَ لِما فيه مِن تَطييبِ اللَّحمِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4145>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَسميَةِ البَهائمِ والدَّوابِّ</span>\n\n١٩٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كانَت ناقَةُ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- تُسَمَّى: العَضباءَ، وكانَت لا تُسبَقُ، فجاءَ أعرابِيٌّ على قَعودٍ له فسَبَقَها،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨٤٣٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٣١٢٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣١٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣١٣٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٣١٢٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٣١٨.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٩٠٧٨، ١٩٠٧٩، ١٩١١٩).","vol":"20","page":46},{"text":"فشَق ذَلِكَ على المُسلِمينَ، فلَمّا رأى ما فى وُجوهِهِم قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، سُبِقَتِ العَضباءُ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ حَقًّا على اللهِ ألَّا يَرفَعَ شَيئًا مِنَ الدُّنيا إلا وضَعَه\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضى فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ فى قِصَّةِ حَجِّ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: ثُمَّ رَكِبَ القَصواءَ حَتَّى أتَى المَوفِفَ فجَعَلَ بَطنَ ناقَتِه القَصواءِ إلَى الصَّخَراتِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ الجَرمِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عَمْرٍو البِسطامِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ قالا: حدثنا مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا أُبَيُّ بنُ العباسِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فرَسٌ فى حائطِنا يُقالُ له: اللُّحَيفُ (^٤). لَفظُ حَديثِ إبراهيمَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الجَرمِىِّ: اللُّخَيفُ. بالخاءِ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن مَعنٍ بالحاءِ، ثُمَّ قال: وقالَ بعضهم: اللُّخَيفُ. بالخاءِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٩٠٣) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر السهمى به. وتقدم فى (١٩٧٨٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٧٢، ٦٥٠١).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٩٥٣١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (٥٧٠٠)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤١١ من طريق إبراهيم بن المنذر به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٨٥٥).","vol":"20","page":47},{"text":"١٩٨٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سعيدٌ الجَرمِيُّ، حدثنا مَعنٌ، حَدَّثَنِى أُبَيُّ بنُ عباسٍ، عن أخيه مُصَدَّقِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن أبيه هَكَذا قال: إنَّه كان لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- عِندَهُم فرَسٌ يُقالُ له (^١): الضَّربُ (^٢)، وآخَرُ يُقالُ له: اللِّزازُ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ بَحرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المُهَيمِنِ بنُ عباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبيه، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ أنَّه كان عِندَ سَعدٍ أبى سَهلٍ ثَلاثَةُ أفراسٍ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَعلِفُهُنَّ، وأسماؤُهُنَّ: لِزازٌ (^٤) واللُّحَيفُ والظَّرِبُ (^٥).\n\n١٩٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: كان فزَعٌ بالمَدينَةِ فاستَعارَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فرَسًا مِن أبى طَلحَةَ يُقالُ له: المَندوبُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"لها\".\n(^٢) كذا في النسخ. وكتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"الظرب\" وكتب فوقها حاشية. وينظر التاج ٣/ ٢٧٠، ٢٩٣ (ط ر ب، ظ ر ب).\n(^٣) فى م: \"اللراز\". والحديث أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٢٦/ ٤ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٤) فى م: \"اللزاز\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ٢٢٦ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق الصغانى به. والطبرانى (٥٧٢٩) من طريق عبد المهيمن بن عباس بن سهل به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٥/ ٢٦١: فيه عبد المهيمن بن عباس وهو ضعيف. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٩٩٢: عبد المهيمن واهٍ.","vol":"20","page":48},{"text":"فرَكِبَه، فلَمّا رَجَعَ قال: \"ما رأينا مِن شَئٍ، وإنْ وجَدناه لَبَحرًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: كُنتُ رِدفَ النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- على حِمارٍ يُقالُ له: عُفَير. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى الأحوَصِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ الجَزّارِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كان فرَسُ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم- يُقالُ له: المُرتَجِزُ، وبَغلَتُه يُقالُ لها: دُلدُلُ، وحِمارُه يُقالُ له: عُفَيرٌ، وسَيفُه يُقالُ له: ذو الفَقارِ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٨٣)، وسيأتى فى (٢٠٨٨٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٢٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٠٧/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٥٥٩) من طريق أبى الأحوص به. وأحمد (٢١٩٩١، ٢١٩٩٤)، والترمذى (٢٦٤٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٨٧٧)، وابن حبان (٢١٠) من طريق أبى إسحاق به، وليس عندهم موضع الشاهد.\n(^٤) مسلم (٣٠/ ٤٩)، والبخارى (٢٨٥٦).","vol":"20","page":49},{"text":"ودِرعُه: ذاتُ الفُضولِ، وناقَتُه: القَصواءُ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه قال: كانَت ناقَةُ النَّبِىِّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- تُسَمَّى العَضباءَ، وبَغلَتُه الشَّهباءَ، وحِمارُه يَعفورَ، وجاريَتُه خَضرَةَ (^٢).\nوقَد مَضَى فى حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ أنَّه قال: ما تَرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إلا بَغلَتَه البَيضاءَ، وسِلاحَه، وأرضًا جَعَلَها صَدَقَة (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٠٦٣) من طريق عبد الحميد بن صالح به. والحاكم ٢/ ٦٠٧ من طريق حبان بن على به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٩٩٢: حبان ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ١/ ٤٩٢ من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ٢٢١ من طريق جعفر بن محمد به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٢٠١٧).","vol":"20","page":50},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4146>كتابُ الأَيْمانِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4147>بابُ الحَلِفِ باللَّهِ ﷿ أو باسمٍ مِن أسماءِ اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٩٨٣٧ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيَّالِسِيُّ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- فى رَهطٍ مِنَ الأشعَريّينَ نَستَحمِلُه. قال: \"واللَّهِ ما أحمِلُكُم، وما عِندِى ما أحمِلُكُم عَلَيه\". قال: فلَبِثنا ما شاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بإِبِلٍ فأمَرَ لَنا بثَلاثِ ذَوْدٍ غُرِّ الذُّرَى (^١)، فلَمّا انطَلَقنا قُلنا أو قال بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ: لا يُبارِكُ اللهُ لَنا؛ أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- نَستَحمِلُه، فحَلَفَ ألَّا يَحمِلَنا، ثُمَّ حَمَلَنا. فأتَوه فأخبَروه فقالَ: \"ما أنا حَمَلتُكُم، ولكنّ اللَّهَ ﷿ حَمَلَكُم، إنِّى واللَّهِ إن شاءَ اللهُ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ ثُمَّ أرَى خَيرًا مِنها إلا كَفَّرتُ يَميني، وأتَيتُ الّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ. وحَديثُ الطَّيالِسِىِّ بمَعناه. رَواه\n_________\n(^١) الغر: جمع أغر وهو الأبيض، والذرى جمع ذروة وهى أعلى الشيء، والمراد هنا أسنمة الإبل، ولعلها كانت بيضاء حقيقة أو أراد وصفها بأنها لا علة فيها. فتح البارى ٩/ ٦٤٧.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٥٨)، والقضاء والقدر (١٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٥٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٧٦)، والنسائى (٣٧٨٩)، وابن ماجه (٢١٠٧) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٨٧٥).","vol":"20","page":51},{"text":"البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ وقُتيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمان بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدَةُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن هِشامٍ. عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: خَسَفَتِ الشَّمسُ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -صلي الله عليهم وسلم-. الحديثَ. إلَى أن قالَت: فقالَ: \"واللَّهِ لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلمُ لَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا ولَبَكَيتُم كَثيَرًا\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن عبدَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَو تَعلَمونَ ما أعلمُ لَبَكَيتُم كَثيرًا ولَضَحِكتُم قَليلًا\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٥).\n\n١٩٨٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٦٢٣)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩/ ٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٦٣٧٩، ٦٤٣٠، ٦٤٣٥).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٣١)، ومسلم (٩٠١/ ٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٢٤) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٦٣٧).","vol":"20","page":52},{"text":"قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَو أن عِندِى أُحُدًا ذَهَبًا، لأحبَبتُ ألا يأتِىَ علىَّ ثلات لَيالٍ وعِندِى مِنه دينارٌ أجِدُ مَن يَتَقَبَّلُه، إلا شَئٌ أُرصِدُه لِدَينٍ عليَّ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ شُمَيخٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- إذا اجتَهَدَ فى اليَمينِ قال: \"لا والَّذِى نَفسُ أبى القاسِمِ بيَدِهِ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بنَيسابورَ قالا. أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وهو جالِسٌ فى ظِلِّ الكَعبَةِ، فلَمّا رآنِي قال: \"هُمُ الأخسَرونَ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ\". قال: فجِئتُ حَتَّى جَلَستُ، فلَم أتَقارَّ أن قُمتُ فقُلتُ: فِداكَ أبى وأُمِّى يا رسولَ اللهِ، مَن هُم؟ قال: \"هُمُ الأكثَرونَ أموالًا، إلا مَن قال بالمالِ هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا -مِن بَينِ يَدَيه ومِن خَلفِه، وعن يَمينِه، وعن شِمالِه- وقَليلٌ ما هُم\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨١٩٥)، وابن حبان (٦٣٥٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٢٢٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٢٦٤)، وأحمد (١١٤٤٤)، وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٠٩).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٧٣٦٠).","vol":"20","page":53},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن وكيعٍ (^١). ورَواه البخاريُّ عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ، عن أبيه، عن الأعمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَيه وهو يقولُ فى ظِلِّ الكَعبَةِ: \"هُمُ الأخسَرونَ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ\". قُلتُ: ما شأنِي؟ اْيَرَى (^٢) فيَّ شَيئًا؟ فجَلَستُ وهو يقولُ فما استَطَعتُ أن أسكُتَ، وتَغَشّانِي ما شاءَ اللهُ، فقُلتُ: مَن هُم بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"الأكثَرونَ أموالًا، إلَّا مَن قال هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\" (^٣). أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَر محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِيُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأعمَشُ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n١٩٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ على العَطّارُ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إني لأَعلَمُ إذا كُنتِ عَنى راضيَةً، وإذا كُنتِ عليَّ غَضْبَى\". قالَت: قُلتُ: مِن أينَ تَعلَمُ ذاكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إذا كُنتِ عَنِّى راضيَةً قُلتِ: لا ورَبّ محمدٍ. وإذا كُنتِ عليَّ غَضبَى قُلتِ: لا ورَبِّ إبراهيمَ\" (^٤). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٩٩٠/ ٣٠).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"أترى\"، وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٣٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣١٨)، وأبو يعلى (٤٨٩٤)، والطبرانى (٢٣/ ٤٦ (١٢٢) من طريق أبى أسامة به.","vol":"20","page":54},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى كُرَيبٍ، كِلاهُما عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كان لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَمينٌ يَحلِفُ بها: \"لا ومُقَلِّبِ القُلوبِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ يوسف (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4148>بابُ أسماءِ اللهِ ﷿ ثَناؤُهُ</span>\n\n١٩٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إنّ للهِ تِسعَةً وتِسعينَ اسمًا، مِائَةً إلَّا واحِدًا، مَن أحصاها دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ، إنّه وِترٌ يُحِبُّ الوِترَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٢٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٤٣٩).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٣١٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٧٨٨)، والنسائى (٣٧٧٠)، وابن حبان (٤٣٣٢) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (١٥٤٠) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٢٨).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٥٩)، والطبرانى فى الدعاء (١١٠) من طريق شعيب بن أبى حمزة به.","vol":"20","page":55},{"text":"شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ عن أبى الزَّنادِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ البَشيرِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ المُستَفاضِ الفِريابِيُّ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ أبو عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّمَشقِيُّ فى سنةِ اثنَتَينِ وثَلاثينَ ومِائَتَينِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"إن للهِ تِسعَة وتِسعينَ اسمًا، مِائَةً غَيرَ واحِدَةٍ، مَن أحصاها دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ، وهو وِترٌ يُحِبُّ الوِترَ، هو اللهُ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو الرَّحمَنُ، الرَّحيمُ، المَلِكُ، القُدّوسُ، السَّلامُ، المُؤمِنُ، المُهَيمِنُ، العَزيزُ، الجَبّارُ، المُتَكَبرُ، الخالِقُ، البارِئُ، المُصَوِّرُ، الغَفّارُ، القَهّارُ، الوَهّابُ، الرَّزاقُ، الفَتّاحُ، العَليمُ، القابِضُ، الباسِطُ، الَخافِضُ، الرّافِعُ، المُعِزُّ، المُذِلُّ، السَّميعُ، البَصيرُ، الحَكَمُ، العَدلُ، اللَّطيفُ، الخَبيرُ، الحَليمُ، العَظيمُ، الغَفورُ، الشَّكورُ، العَلِيُّ، الكبيرُ، الحَفيظُ، المُقيتُ، الحَسيبُ، الجَليلُ، الكَريمُ، الرَّقيبُ، المُجيبُ، الواسِعُ، الحَكيمُ، الوَدودُ، المَجيدُ، الباعِثُ، الشهيدُ، الحَقُّ، الوَكيلُ، القَوِىُّ، المَتينُ، الوَلِيُّ، الحَميدُ، المُحصِى، المُبدِئُ، المُعيدُ، المُحيِىِ، المُميتُ، الحَيُّ، الَقَيّومُ، الواجِدُ، الماجِدُ، الواحِدُ، الصَّمَدُ، القادِرُ، المُقتَدِرُ، المُقَدِّمُ، المُؤَخِّرُ، الأوَّلُ، الآخِرُ، الظّاهِرُ، الباطِنُ، الوالِى، المُتَعالِى، البَرُّ، التَّوّابُ، المُنتَقِمُ، العَفوُّ، الرَّءوفُ، مالكُ المُلكِ، ذو الجَلالِ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٧٣٦، ٧٣٩٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤١٠)، ومسلم (٢٦٧٧/ ٥).","vol":"20","page":56},{"text":"والإِكرامِ، المُقسِطُ، الجامِعُ، الغَنِيُّ، المُغنِى، المانِعُ، الضّارُّ، النّافِعُ، النّورُ، الهادِى، البَديعُ، الباقِى، الوارِثُ، الرَّشيدُ، الصَّبورُ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: مَن حَلَفَ باللَّهِ أو باسمٍ مَن أسماءِ اللهِ فحَنِثَ فعَلَيه الكَفارَةُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأخبَرَنِي الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الدارمِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدٍ الحَنظَلِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِى الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِيَّ يقولُ: مَن حَلَفَ باسمٍ مِن أسماءِ اللهِ فحَنِثَ فعَلَيه الكَفّارَةُ؛ لأنَّ اسمَ اللهِ غَيرُ مَخلوقٍ، ومَن حَلَفَ بالكَعبَةِ أو بالصَّفا والمَروَةِ فلَيسَ عَلَيه الكَفّارَةُ؛ لأنَّه مَخلوقٌ وذاكَ غَيرُ مَخلوقٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4149>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الحَلِفِ بغَيِر اللهِ ﷿</span>\n\n١٩٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مَحمِشٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزّازُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- سَمِعَ عُمَرَ -﵁- وهو يقولُ: وأبِى وأبِى. فقالَ: \"إن اللهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم\".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٥٠٧)، وابن حبان (٨٠٨) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٧٨٩)، والأم ٥/ ٢٦٥، ٢٩٩، ٧/ ٦١.","vol":"20","page":57},{"text":"قال عُمَرُ: فواللَّهِ ما حَلَفتُ به ذاكِرًا ولا آثِرًا (^١).\n\n١٩٨٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، أخبرَنِي سالِمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عُمَرَ يَحلِفُ بأبيه فقالَ: \"ألا إنَّ اللهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم\". قال عُمَرُ: واللَّهِ ما حَلَفتُ بها بَعدُ ذاكِرًا ولا آثِرًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ فقالَ: وقالَ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعَنى النَّبِيُّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- وأنا أحلِفُ أقولُ: وأبِى. فقالَ: \"إنّ اللَّهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم\". قال عُمَرُ: فما حَلَفتُ بها ذاكِرًا ولا آثِرًا (^٤). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) ذاكرا ولا آثرا: متكلمًا به ولا ناقلًا عن غيري أنه قاله. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن سلام ٢/ ٥٨، ٥٩. والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٤٨)، والترمذي (١٥٣٣)، والنسائى (٣٧٧٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٧٩١)، والشافعى ٧/ ٦١. وأخرجه الحميدي (٦٢٤)، والنسائى (٣٧٧٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٤٦) عقب (٢)، والبخاري (٤٦٤٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغري (٤٠٢٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٥٩٢٢)، وعنه أحمد (٢٤١)، وعنه أبو داود (٣٢٥٠).","vol":"20","page":58},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١). واختُلِفَ فيه على مَعمَرٍ وابنِ عُيَينَةَ؛ فقيلَ عَنهُما هَكَذا، وقيلَ عَنهُما بالضِّدِّ مِن ذَلِكَ (^٢).\nورَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وعُقَيلُ بنُ خالِدٍ والزُّبَيدِيُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِم، عن أبيه، عن عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى جَعفَرُ بنُ هاشِمٍ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِيُّ، عن مالكٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ فيما قرأ على مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أدرَكَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ وهو يَسيرُ فى رَكبٍ وهو يَحلِفُ بأبيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"ألا إنَّ اللَّهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم، مَن كان حالِفًا فليَحلِفْ باللَّهِ أو ليَصمُتْ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ (^٥).\n\n١٩٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ البَزّازُ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٤٦/ ٢)، وعبد بن حميد (٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥٢٣) من طريق معمر من حديث ابن عمر. والنسائى (٣٧٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٠٩٤) من طريق سفيان من حديث عمر.\n(^٣) أخرجه مسلم (١٦٤٦/ ١، ٢) من طريق يونس وعقيل به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٧٠٩) عن الزبيدى به.\n(^٤) مالك ٢/ ٤٨٠، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٣٥٩، ٤٣٦٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٦٤٦).","vol":"20","page":59},{"text":"حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيان بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: أدرَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عُمَرَ وهو فى بَعضِ أسفارِه وهو يقولُ: وأبِى وأبِى. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم، فمَن كان حالفًا فليَحلِفْ باللَّهِ أو ليَصمُتْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنى نافِع مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- حَدَّثَهُم أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أدرَكَ عُمَرَ -﵁- فى رَكبٍ وهو يَحلِفُ بأبيه، فلَمّا سَمِعَه رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"مَهلًا فإِنَّ اللهَ قَد نَهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم، مَن حَلَفَ فليَحلِفْ باللَّهِ أو ليَسكُتْ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وأيّوبُ السَّختِيانِيُّ والضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، عن نافِعٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٢٣)، والمعرفة (٥٧٩٠). وأخرجه الحميدى (٦٨٦)، وأحمد (٤٥٩٣) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٦/ ٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩٠٧) عن أحمد بن عبد الحميد به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤٦/ ٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى (٦١٠٨)، ومسلم (١٦٤٦) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. ومسلم (١٦٤٦/ ٤) من طريق أيوب السختيانى والضحاك بن عثمان به.","vol":"20","page":60},{"text":"١٩٨٥٥ - واختُلِفَ فيه على عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ؛ فقيلَ عنه هَكَذا (^١)، وقيلَ: عنه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أن رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- أدرَكَه وهو فى رَكبٍ وهو يَحلِفُ بأبيه فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يَنهاكُم أن تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم، فليَحلِفْ حالِفٌ باللَّهِ أو ليَسكُتْ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ النَّرسِيُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لا تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم ولا بالطَّواغيتِ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" من وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمد بنِ عبدان، أنبأنا أَحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٣٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٦٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣٦١) من طريق عبيد الله أبن عمر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٤٩) عن أحمد بن يونس به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٨٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٢٤)، والنسائى (٣٧٨٣) من طريق يزيد بن هاوون به. وابن ماجه (٢٠٩٥) من طريق هشام بن حسان به، وعنده: بالطواغى.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤٨). وفيه: بالطواغى.","vol":"20","page":61},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ وأبو جَعفَرٍ التَّرمِذِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن محمدٍ هو ابنُ سيرينَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم ولا بأُمَّهاتِكُم\". زادَ تَمتامٌ: \"ولا بالأندادِ، ولا تَحلِفوا إلا باللَّهِ، ولا تَحلِفوا إلِّا وأنتُم صادِقونَ\" (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ بتَمامِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ الغِفارِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا مَسعودُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ قال: سَمِعَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- رَجُلًا يَحلِفُ بالكَعبَةِ فقالَ: لا تَحلِفْ بالكَعبَةِ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- يقولُ: \"مَن حَلَفَ بغَيرِ الله فقد كَفَرَ. أو: أشرَكَ\" (^٣).\nوهَذا مِمّا لَم يَسمَعْه سَعدُ بنُ عُبَيدَةَ مِنِ ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٩٨٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ هو القَطيعِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٧٧٨)، وابن حبان (٤٣٥٧) من طريق عبيد الله بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٤٨)، وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٨٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٠٧٢)، وأبو داود (٣٢٥١)، والترمذى (١٥٣٥)، وابن حبان (٤٣٥٨)، والحاكم ٤/ ٢٩٧ وصححه من طريق الحسن بن عبيد الله به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٨٧).","vol":"20","page":62},{"text":"ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، فقُمتُ وتَرَكتُ رَجُلًا عِندَه مِن كِندَةَ، فأتَيتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ. قال: فجاءَ الكِندِىُّ فزِعًا، فقالَ: جاءَ ابنَ عُمَرَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: أحلِفُ بالكَعبَةِ؟ فقال: لا، ولَكِنِ احلِفْ برَبِّ الكَعبَةِ؛ فإِنَّ عُمَرَ كان يَحلِفُ بأبيه فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"لا تَحلِفْ بأبيكَ؛ فإنَّه مَن حَلَفَ بغَيرِ اللهِ فقَد أشرَكَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابن حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ قال: سابَقَنى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ فسَبَقتُه، فقُلتُ: سَبَقتُكَ والكَعبَةِ. ثُمَّ سَبَقَنِى فقالَ: سَبَقتُكَ ورَبِّ الكَعبَةِ، فلَمّا نَزَلَ أرادَ ضَربِى وقالَ: أتَحلِفُ بالكَعبَةِ؟! (^٢).\nوأمّا الَّذِى رُوِّينا فى كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ فى قِصَّةِ الأعرابِىِّ أن النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"أفلَحَ وأبيه إن صَدَقَ\" (^٣). فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هذا القَولُ مِنه قبلَ النَّهىِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ جَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنه على عادَةِ الكَلامِ الجارِى على الألسُنِ وهو لا يَقصِدُ به القَسَمَ، كَلَغوِ اليَمينِ المَعفوِّ عنه، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ النَّهيُ إنَّما وقَعَ عنه إذا كان مِنه على وجهِ التَّوقيرِ له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٥٥٩٣، ٦٠٧٣) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. والطيالسى (٢٠٠٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٨٣٠) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٢٧) عن ابن جريج به مطولًا.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (٤٥٠٦).","vol":"20","page":63},{"text":"والتَّعظيمِ لِحَقَه دونَ ما كان بخِلافِه، ولَم يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مِنه على وجهِ التَعظيمِ، بَل كان على وجهِ التَّوكيدِ، ويَحتمِلُ أنَّه كان -ﷺ- أضمَرَ فيه اسمَ اللهِ تَعالَى؛ كأنَّه قال: لا ورَبِّ أبيه. وغَيرُه لا يُضمِرُ بَل يَذهَبُ فيه مَذهَبَ التَّعظيمِ لأبيهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4150>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ بغَيِر اللهِ ثُمَّ حَنِثَ، أو حَلَف بالبَراءَةِ مِنَ الإِسلامِ او بمِلَّةٍ غَيرِ الإِسلامِ، أو بالأمانَةِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قتيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن كان حالِفًا فلا يَحلِفْ إلَّا باللَّهِ\". وكانَت قُرَيشٌ تَحلِفُ بآبائها فقالَ: \"لا تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مَن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبدِ اللهِ مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ على بنِ محمدِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ، حدثنا يَحيَي بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الَّليثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أن أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن حَلَفَ مِنكُم فقالَ فى حَلِفه: باللاتِ والعُزَّى. فليقُلْ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٧٧٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣٦٢) من طريق إسماعل بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٤٧٠٣) من طريق عبد الله بن دينار به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٦) عقب (٤)، والبخارى (٦٦٤٨، ٧٤٠١).","vol":"20","page":64},{"text":"لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ. ومَن قال لِصاحِبِه: تَعالَ أُقامِرْكَ. فليتَصَدَّقْ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى ثابِتُ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ الأنصارِىُّ، أن النَّبِيَّ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- قال: \"لَيسَ على المُؤمِنِ نَذرٌ فيما لا يَملِكُ، ولَعنُ المُؤمِنِ كَقَتلِه، ومَن قَتَلَ نَفسَه بشَئ عُذِّبَ به يَومَ القيامَةِ، ومَن حَلَفَ بمِلَّة غَيرِ الإِسلامِ كاذِبًا فهو كما قال\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٥)، وأخرَجاه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ (^٦).\n\n١٩٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن حَلَفَ أنَّه بَرِئٌ مِنَ الإِسلامِ؛ فإِن كان صادِقًا لَم يَرجِعْ إلَى الإِسلامِ سالِمًا، وإن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٦٢) عن يحيى بن عبد الله بن بكير به. وتقدم فى (٦٩١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٣٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٨٦٠)، ومسلم (١٦٤٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٣١)، والطيالسى (١٢٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٣٨٥)، والترمذى (١٥٢٧، ١٥٤٣، ٢٦٣٦) من طريق هشام به. وأبو داود (٣٢٥٧)، والنسائى (٣٧٨٠، ٣٨٢٢) من طريق يحيى به. وتقدم فى (١٥٩٧٤).\n(^٥) مسلم (١١٠) عقب (١٧٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٦٠٤٧)، ومسلم (١١٠/ ١٧٦).","vol":"20","page":65},{"text":"كان كاذِبًا فهو كما قال\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٦٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطانُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"مَن حَلَفَ بالأمانَةِ فلَيسَ مِنّا، ومَن خَبَّبَ زَوجَةَ امرِئٍ أو مَملوكَه فلَيسَ مِنّا\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: قال سعيدٌ: كان قَتادَةُ والحَسَنُ يَقولانِ: لَيسَ عَلَيه كَفارَةٌ. يَعنِى مَن حَلَفَ باليَهوديَّةِ أوِ النَصرانيَّةِ ثُمَّ حَنِثَ.\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٩٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ المَوصلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ الحَرّانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ حَيّانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٠٧) -وعنه أبو داود (٣٢٥٨) - عن زيد بن الحباب. والنسائى (٣٧٨١)، وابن ماجه (٢١٠٠) من طريق حسين بن واقد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٩٣).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (١١١١٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٥٣) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٢٩٨٠)، وابن حبان (٤٣٦٣) من طريق الوليد بن ثعلبة به. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٣٩٩٩: والوليد صالح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٨٨).","vol":"20","page":66},{"text":"حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ وعَلِيُّ بنُ سِراجٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَيشونٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ أبى داودَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبيه قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم- عن الرَّجُلِ يقولُ: هو يَهودِيٌّ. أو: نَصرانِيٌّ. أو: بَرِئٌ مِنَ الإِسلامِ. فى اليَمينِ يَحلِفُ عَلَيه فيَحنَثُ قال: \"كَفّارَةُ يَمينِ\". فهَذا لا أصلَ له مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ ولا غَيرِهِ، تَفَرَّدَ به سُلَيمانُ بنُ أبى داودَ الحَرّانِيُّ، وهو مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، ضَعَّفَه الأئمَّةُ وتَرَكوه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4151>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ الأيمانَ باللَّهِ إلا فيما كان للهِ طاعَةً</span>\n\n١٩٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ حَيّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى الحُلوانِيُّ، حدثنا سَلمُ بنُ جُنادَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا بَشّارُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"الحَلِفُ حِنث أو نَدَمٌ\" (^٢). كَذا رَواه بَشّارُ بنُ كِدامٍ، وهو أخو مِسعَرِ بنِ كِدامٍ.\n\n١٩٨٦٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ قال: قال أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ: حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (١٠١٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٠٣)، وابن حبان (٤٣٥٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٠٠: بشار ضعفه أبو زرعة.","vol":"20","page":67},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: اليَمينُ آثِمَةٌ أو مُندِمَةٌ. قال البخاريُّ: وحَديثُ عُمَرَ أولَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4152>بابٌ: مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى خَيًرا مِنها، فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِهِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٧٠ - أخبرَنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، أملاه عَلَينا حِفظًا سنةَ خَمسٍ وعِشرينَ وثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ سَختُويَه بنُ مازَيارَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ السَّدوسِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِيُّ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صلي الله عليه وسلم-: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ لا تَسألِ الإمارَةَ؛ فإِنَّكَ إن أُعطِيتَها عن مَسألَة وُكِلتَ إلَيها، وإِن أُعطيتَها عن غَيرِ مَسألَةٍ أُعِنتَ عَلَيها، وإِذا حَلَفتَ على يَمين فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ فى الحَلِفِ دونَ الإمارَةِ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الحَسَنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٢٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٧٩١) من طريق سليمان التيمى به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٧٣، ١٩٩٨٠، ٢٠٢٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٢٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٢)، ٤/ ١٤٥٦ (١٦٥٢/ ١٣).","vol":"20","page":68},{"text":"١٩٨٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرُويَه الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ هو الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا الصَّعِقُ بنُ حَزْنٍ، حدثنا مَطَرٌ الوَرّاقُ، عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ قال: دَخَلتُ على أبى موسَى وهو يأكُلُ لَحمَ دَجاجٍ فقالَ: ادنُ فكُلْ. فقُلتُ: إنِّى حَلَفتُ لا آكُلُه. قال: ادنُ فكُلْ وسأُخبِرُكَ عن يَمينِكَ هذه. قال: فدَنَوتُ فأكَلتُ، قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى ناسٍ مِنَ الأشْعَريّينَ نَستَحمِلُه فقالَ: \"لا واللهِ لا أحمِلُكُم، وما عِندِى ما أحمِلُكُم عَلَيه\". قال: فما بَرِحْنا حَتَّى أتَته فرائضُ غُرُّ الذُّرَى، فأمَرَ لَنا مِنها بحُملانٍ، فما بَرِحنا إلَّا يَسيرًا حَتَّى قُلنا: ما صَنَعنا؟ نَسَّينا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَمينَه، واللهِ لا نُفلِحُ. قال: فرَجَعنا إلَيه، قال: \"ما رَدَّكُم؟ \". قالوا: إنَّكَ حَلَفتَ ألَّا تَحمِلَنا، فخَشِينا ألا يُبارَكَ لَنا، وخَشِينا أن نَكونَ نَسَّيناكَ يمينَكَ. قال: \"إنِّى واللهِ ما نَسِيتُها، ولَكِن مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ، فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فليأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٧٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ العَلاءِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا الصَّعِقُ بنُ حَزْنٍ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتى فى (١٩٩٧٤، ١٩٩٧٨).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٩) قبل (١٠).","vol":"20","page":69},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ حمدُويَه بنِ سَهلٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ مَعبَدٍ السِّنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى السَّليلِ، عن زَهدَمٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَستَحمِلُه فقالَ: \"واللهِ لا أحمِلُكُم، وما عِندِى ما أحمِلُكُم عَلَيه\". قال: فلَمّا رَجَعنا أرسَلَ إلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بثَلاثِ ذَودٍ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّكَ حَلَفتَ ألَّا تَحمِلَنا فحَمَلتَنا. قال: \"إنِّى لَم أحمِلْكُم، ولَكِنَّ اللهَ حَمَلَكُم، واللهِ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا منها إلَّا أتَيتُه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَصَّرَ به التَّيمِىُّ فلَم يَنقُلْ فيه الكَفّارَةَ.\n\n١٩٨٧٤ - وقَد أخرَجْناه مِن حَديثِ أبى قِلابَةَ والقاسِمِ بنِ عاصِمٍ عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ، عن أبى موسَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى هذا الحديثِ قال: \"إنِّى واللهِ إن شاءَ اللهُ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلّا أتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وتَحَلَّلتُها\" (^٣). أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهْرانىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ. قال أيّوبُ: وحَدَّثَنيه القاسِمُ الكَلبِىُّ عن زَهدَمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٤٩) عن يزيد بن هارون به. والنسائى (٣٧٨٨) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٩/ ١٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٤٩)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩/ ٩).\n(^٤) سيأتى فى (١٩٩٧٨).","vol":"20","page":70},{"text":"١٩٨٧٥ - ورَواه أبو بُردَةَ ابنُ أبى موسَى، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى هذا الحديثِ: \"إنِّى واللهِ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلَّا كَفَّرتُ يَمينِى، وأتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا غَيلانُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ اليَشكُرِىُّ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أعتَمَ رَجُلٌ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى أهلِه، فوَجَدَ الصِّبيَةَ قَد ناموا، فأتاه أهلُه بطَعامٍ، فحَلَفَ ألَّا يأكُلَ مِن أجلِ صِبيَتِه، ثُمَّ بَدا له فأكَلَ، فأتَيا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرا ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ، فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فليأتِها وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه\". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن مَروانَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ، أنبأنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٩٨٣٧)، وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٧٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧١٨، ٦٧١٩)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩/ ٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٥٠/ ١١).","vol":"20","page":71},{"text":"عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ فسألَه نَفَقَةً، أو فى ثَمَنِ خادِمٍ، فقالَ له عَدِىٌّ: ما عِندِى إلا دِرعِى ومِغفَرِى، فأنا أكتُبُ لَكَ إلَى أهلِى تُعطَها. قال: فلَم يَرضَ. قال: فغَضِبَ عَدِىٌّ، فحَلَفَ لا يُعطِيه شَيئًا. قال: فرَضِىَ الرَّجُلُ. قال: فقالَ لَولا أنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ، فرأى تِقاءَها، فليأتِ التَّقْوَى\" (^١). ما حَنِثتُ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن تَميمٍ الطّائىِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ، فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وليترُكْ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىِّ عن شُعبَةَ، وقالَ: \"وليَترُكْ يَمينَه\" (^٤).\n\n١٩٨٧٩ - ورَواه الأعمَشُ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ عن تَميمٍ الطّائىِّ عن عَدِىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَلَفَ أحَدُكُم على يَمينٍ، فرأى خَيرًا مِنها، فليُكَفِّرْها وليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ البخارىُّ، أنبأنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٤٦)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٩٧ (٢٣٣) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥١/ ١٥).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (١١٢٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥١/ ١٦).","vol":"20","page":72},{"text":"عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلِ بنِ غَزوانَ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" [عن محمدِ بنِ طريفٍ] (^٢) عن محمدِ بنِ فُضَيلٍ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ الشَّيبانىِّ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، مَعَ ذِكرِ الكَفّارَةِ فيه (^٤).\nورَواه سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ، فذَكَرَ فيه الكَفّارَةَ فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عنه، ولَم يَذكُرْها فى الرِّوايَةِ الأُخرَى (^٥).\nورَواه غَيرُ تَميمٍ عن عَدِىٍّ، فذَكَرَ فيه الكَفّارَةَ:\n\n١٩٨٨٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أخبرَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو مَولَى الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ يُحَدِّثُ أن عَدِىَّ بنَ حاتِمٍ سُئلَ فحَلَفَ ألَّا يُعطىَ ثُمَّ أعطَى، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وليُكَفِّرْ يَمينَه\" (^٦).\n\n١٩٨٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٩٧ (٢٣٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٥١/ ١٧).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥١) عقب (١٧).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٤٤)، ومسلم (١٦٥١/ ١٨)، من طريق سماك به. بدون ذكر الكفارة.\n(^٦) الطيالسى (١١٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٢٥١، ١٩٣٨٠)، والنسائى (٣٧٩٤)، من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":73},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"واللهِ لأَن يَلِجَّ (^١) أحَدُكُم بيَمينِه فى أهلِه آثَمُ له عِندَ اللهِ مِن أن يُعطِىَ كَفّارَتَه التى فرَضَ اللهُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ، كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٨٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ (^٤) حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا استَلَجَّ الرَّجُلُ فى أهلِه فهو أعظَمُ إثمًا، لَيسَ (^٥) تُغنِى الكَفّارَةُ؟ \" (^٦). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ (^٧).\n\n١٩٨٨٣ - وأنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً، أخبرَنى إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) يلج: يتمادى فى الأمر ولو تبين الخطأ. التاج ٦/ ١٧٩ (ل ج ج).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٣٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٠٣٦)، وعنه أحمد (٧٧٤٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١١٤) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٢٥)، ومسلم (١٦٥٥).\n(^٤) كتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"صح يعنى عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل\".\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"كأنه قال أليس تغنى الكفارة، والله أعلم\".\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١١٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٦٦٣)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٦٥٢) من طريق يحيى بن صالح به.\n(^٧) البخارى (٦٦٢٦).","vol":"20","page":74},{"text":"ابنُ إسماعيلَ القارِئُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ صالِحٍ الوُحاظىُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: \"مَنِ استَلَجَّ فى أهلِه بيَمينِه فهو أعظَمُ إثمًا\" (^١).\n\n١٩٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٤]. يقولُ: لا تَجعَلْنِى عُرضَةً ليَمينِكَ ألَّا تَصنَعَ الخَيرَ، ولَكِن كَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ واصنَعِ الخَيرَ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾. قال: لا تَعتَلّوا باللهِ؛ لا يقولُ أحَدُكُم: إنِّى آلَيتُ ألَّا أصِلَ رَحِمًا ولا أسعَى فى صَلاحٍ ولا أتَصَدَّقَ مِن مالى. كَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ، وأْتِ الَّذِى حَلَفتَ عَلَيه. وهو قَولُ قَتادَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٠١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢١٤٥) من طريق أبى صالح عبد الله ابن صالح به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٩٧٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٦ من طريق سعيد عن قتادة من قوله.","vol":"20","page":75},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4153>بابُ شُبهَةِ مَن زَعَمَ أن لا كَفّارَةَ فى اليَميِن إذا كان حِنثُها طاعَةً</span>\n\n١٩٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفرايينىُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ هو المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أخَوَينِ مِنَ الأنصارِ كان بَينَهُما ميراثٌ، فسألَ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه القِسمَةَ فقالَ: لا، لَئن عُدتَ تَسألُنى القِسمَةَ لَم أُكَلِّمْكَ أبَدًا، وكُلُّ مالٍ لى فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ (^١). فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ: إنَّ الكَعبَةَ لَغَنيَّةٌ عن مالِكَ، فكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ، وكَلِّمْ أخاكَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَمينَ ولا نَذرَ فيما يُسخِطُ الرَّبَّ، ولا فى قَطيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ\" (^٢).\nفتوَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بالكَفّارَةِ دَليلٌ على أن المُرادَ بالخَبَرِ: لا يَمينَ يُؤمَرُ بالمُقامِ عَلَيها والمُحافَظَةِ على البِرِّ فيها إذا كانَت فى مَعصيَةٍ، لا أن الكَفّارَةَ لا تَجِبُ بالحِنثِ فيها. وهَذا هو المُرادُ أيضًا بما:\n\n١٩٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) الرتاج: الباب، أو الباب المغلق، وأراد برتاج الكعبة أنه جعله للكعبة. غريب الحديث لابن\nالجوزى ١/ ٣٧٩.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٧٢)، والدارقطنى فى المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ١٠٤٢، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٠٠ من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧١٣).","vol":"20","page":76},{"text":"عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن طَلَّقَ ما لا يَملِكُ فلا طَلاقَ له، ومَن أعتَقَ ما لا يَملِكُ فلا عَتاقَةَ له، ومَن نَذَرَ فيما لا يَملِكُ فلا نَذرَ له، ومَن حَلَفَ على مَعصيَةِ اللهِ فلا يَمينَ له، ومَن حَلَفَ على قَطيعَةِ رَحِمٍ فلا يَمينَ له\" (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى هذا الحديثِ زيادَةٌ تُخالِفُ الرِّواياتِ الصحيحةَ عن النَّبِى -ﷺ-:\n\n١٩٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا المُنذِرُ بنُ الوَليدِ الجارودِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ الأخنَسِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نَذرَ ولا يَمينَ فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ، ولا فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، ولا فى قَطيعَةِ رَحِمِه، ومَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليَدَعْها، وليأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ؛ فإِنَّ تَركَها كَفّارَتُها\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أضعَفَ مِن هذا:\n\n١٩٨٨٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٤/ ٣٠٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٢١٩١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥ من طريق أبى أسامة به. وعند أبى داود بدون الطلاق والإعتاق. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٠٤٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن الحارث به، مقتصرًا على الطلاق. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩١٧).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٩٩٠) من طريق عبد الله بن بكر به. والنسائى (٣٨٠١) من طريق عبيد الله بن الأخنس به، بدون قوله: \"ومن حلف على يمين ... \". وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٠٢): حسن دون قوله: \"ومن حلف ... \" فهو منكر.","vol":"20","page":77},{"text":"حَيّانَ، حدثنا حامِدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حدثنا سُرَيجٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فأتَى الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ فهو كَفّارَتُه\" (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: قال أبو داودَ: الأحاديثُ كُلُّها عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"وليُكفِّرْ عن يَمينِه\". إلّا ما لا يُعبأُ بهِ.\nقال أبو داودَ: قُلتُ لأحمَدَ، يعنى ابنَ حَنبَلٍ: رَوَى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: تَرَكَه بعدَ ذَلِكَ وكانَ لِذَلِكَ أهلًا. قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: أحاديثُه مَناكيرُ، وأبوه لا يُعرَفُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سالِمُ بنُ نوحٍ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ قال: نَزَلَ عَلَينا أضيافٌ لَنا قال: وكانَ أبى يَتَحَدَّثُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ اللَّيلِ قال: فانطَلَقَ وقالَ: افرُغْ مِن أضيافِكَ. قال: فلَمّا أمسَيتُ جِئتُ بقِراهُم، قال: فأبَوا فقالوا: حَتَّى يَجِئَ أبو مَنزِلِنا فيَطعَمَ معنا، قال: فقُلتُ: إنَّه رَجُلٌ حَديدٌ، وإنّكُم إن لَم تَفعَلوا خِفتُ أن يَمَسَّنى مِنه أذًى. قال: فأبَوا، فلَمّا جاءَ لَم يَبدأْ بشَئٍ، فقالَ: أفَرَغتُم مِن أضيافِكُم؟ قالوا: لا واللهِ ما فرَغنا. قال: ألَم آمُرْ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: فتَنَحَّيتُ، فقالَ: يا غُنثَرُ، أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ إن كُنتَ تَسمَعُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد بن منيع -كما فى المطالب العالية (١٩٣٢) - عن هشيم به، وفيه: يحيى بن عبد الله.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٣٢٧٤).","vol":"20","page":78},{"text":"صَوتى إلا أجَبتَ. قال: فجِئتُ قُلتُ: واللهِ ما لِىَ ذَنبٌ، هَؤُلاءِ أضيافُكَ فسَلْهُم، قَد أتَيتُهُم بقِراهُم فأبَوا أن يَطعَموا حَتَّى تَجِئَ. قال: فقالَ: ما لَكُم لا تَقبَلونَ عَنَّا قِراكُم؟ فواللهِ لا أطعَمُه اللَّيلَةَ. قال: فقالوا: والله لا نَطعَمُه حَتَّى تَطعَمَه. قال: فقالَ (^١) كالشَّرِّ مُنذُ اللَّيلَةِ، لا تَقبَلونَ عَنّا قِراكُم. قال: ثُمَّ قال: أمّا الأُولَى فمِنَ الشَّيطانِ، هَلُمّوا قِراكُم. فلَمّا أصبَحَ غَدَا على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال: فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ بَرُّوا وحَنِثتُ. قال: فأخبَرَه، فقالَ: \"بَل أنتَ أبَرُّهُم وأخيَرُهُم\". قال: ولَم يَبلُغْنِى كَفّارَةٌ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ المُثَنَّى (^٣).\nوقَولُ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ: أمّا الأُولَى فمِنَ الشَّيطانِ. دَليلٌ على أن اليَمينَ على تَركِ الطَّعامِ مَكروهَةٌ، وإنَّما لَم يأمُرْه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بالكَفّارَةِ -إن كان لَم يأمُرْه بها- لِعِلمِه بمَعرِفَتِه بوُجوبِها، ويَحتَمِلُ أن ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ نُزولِ الكَفّارَةِ، والأوَّلُ أشبَهُ.\n\n١٩٨٩١ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أنبأنا عبدانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن أبا بكرٍ لَم يَحنَثْ فى يَمينٍ قَطُّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى حاشية الأصل: \"ما رأيت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٧١)، وابن حبان (٤٣٥٠) من طريق سالم بن نوح به. والبخارى (٦١٤٠) من طريق سعيد الجريرى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٠٥٧/ ١٧٧).","vol":"20","page":79},{"text":"حَتَّى أنزَلَ اللهُ كَفّارَةَ اليَمينِ، فقالَ: لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فرأيتُ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، إلّا أتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وكَفَّرتُ عن يَمينِى (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُقاتِلٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٩٢ - وأخبرَنا الشيخُ أبو الفَتحِ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ صُبَيحٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأحوَلِ، عن أبى مَعبَدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن حَلَفَ على مِلكِ يَمينِه أن يَضرِبَه، فكَفّارَتُه تَركُه، ومَعَ الكَفّارَةِ حَسَنَةٌ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4154>بابُ إبرارِ القَسَمِ إذا كان البِرُّ طاعَةً أو لَم يَكُنِ الحِنثُ خَيرًا مِنَ البِرِّ</span>\n\n١٩٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ\nإسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ\nعبدِ المَلِكِ، عن شُعبَةَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو بكرٍ حمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ\nالخُوارِزمِىُّ الحافظُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَمدانَ\nالنَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن\nالأشعَثِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال:\nأمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ، ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ؛ نَهانا عن خاتَمِ الذَّهَبِ أَو حَلقَةِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٣٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٢٥) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٢١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥١٨)، وابن حبان (٤٣٤٤) س طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":80},{"text":"الذَّهَبِ، وعن آنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ، وعن لُبسِ الحَريرِ والدّيباجِ والإستَبرَقِ والمِيثَرَةِ والقَسِّىِّ، وأمَرَنا بسَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، ورَدِّ السَّلامِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِى، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإِبرارِ القَسَمِ. لَفظُ حَديثِ الخُوارِزمِىِّ، وحَديثُ أبى عبدِ اللهِ بمَعناه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ وأبِى عُمَرَ الحَوضِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانىُّ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، أخبرَنى حَريزٌ، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ شُفعَةَ، عن ناسِجٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- برَجُلَينِ يَتَحالَفانِ على بَيعٍ يقولُ أحَدُهُما: واللهِ لا أخفِضُكَ. والآخَرُ يقولُ: واللهِ لا أزيدُكَ. ثُمَّ رأى الشّاةَ قَدِ اشتَراها، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوجَبَ (^٣) أحَدُهُما\". يَعنى الإثمَ والكَفّارَةَ (^٤). تَفَرَّدَ به حَريزُ بنُ عثمانَ بإِسنادِه هذا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الفَيضِ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٩، ٥٩١٢. ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١، ١١٦١٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (١٢٣٩).\n(^٣) فى م: \"وجب\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن سمعون فى أماليه (١٤٧) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. والخرائطى فى مساوئ الأخلاق (١١٦) من طريق حريز بن عثمان به.","vol":"20","page":81},{"text":"عبدَ اللهِ -رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ حِمصَ- قال: رأيتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ يُساوِمُ رَجُلًا بغَنَمٍ، فحَلَفَ ألَّا يَبيعَها، ثُمَّ قال بَعدُ: أبيعُها. فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: إنِّى لأكرَهُ أن أحمِلَكَ على إثمٍ. فأبَى أن يَشتَريَها (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4155>بابُ ما جاءَ فى اليَميِن الغَموسِ</span>\n\n١٩٨٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سابِقٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن فِراسٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ -هو ابنُ عمرٍو -﵄-- قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: ما الكَبائرُ؟ قال: \"الإشراكُ باللهِ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ عُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ\". قال: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قال: \"ثُمَّ اليَمينُ الغَموسُ\". قال: فقُلتُ لِعامِرٍ: ما اليَمينُ الغَموسُ؟ قال: الَّذِى يَقتَطِعُ مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ بيَمينِه وهو فيها كاذِبٌ (^٢).\n\n١٩٨٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا شَيبانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ العُقوقَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ عن عبيدِ (^٤) اللهِ بنِ موسَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٣٤٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٤٣)، والشعب (٤٨٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨٨٣)، والترمذى (٣٠٢١) من طريق فراس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٥٦٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به.\n(^٤) فى م: \"عبد\".\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٩٢٠).","vol":"20","page":82},{"text":"١٩٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحُسَينِ الحِيرِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا المُقرِئُ، عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ شَئٌ أُطيع اللهُ فيه أعجَلَ ثَوابًا مِن صِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ، ولَيسَ شَئٌ أعجَلَ عِقابًا مِنَ البَغىِ وقَطيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ، واليَمينُ الفاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدّيارَ بَلاقِعَ\" (^١). كَذا رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ عن أبى حَنيفَةَ.\nوخالَفَه إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ وعَلِىُّ بنُ ظَبيانَ والقاسِمُ بنُ الحَكَمِ فرَوَوه عن أبى حَنيفَةَ، عن ناصِحِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عن يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيهِ (^٣).\nوالحَديثُ مَشهورٌ بالإرسالِ:\n\n١٩٨٩٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ\n_________\n(^١) بلاقع: أى فارغة، لذهاب المال وشتات الشمل. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٨٦. والحديث أخرجه الدارقطنى فى العلل ٨/ ٢٣٣ من طريق المقبرى عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وقال: لعله أراد عن المهاجر بن عكرمة.\n(^٢) أبو حنيفة فى مسنده ص ٢٤٣، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ١٨٣، والقضاعى فى مسند الشهاب (٢٥٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه القضاعى فى مسند الشهاب (٩٧٨) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به بلفظ: إن أعجل الطاعة ثوابًا صلة الرحم.","vol":"20","page":83},{"text":"أبى كَثيرٍ يَرويه قال: ثَلاثٌ مَن كُنَّ فيه رأى وبالَهُنَّ قبلَ مَوتِهِ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ. وفِى آخِرِهِنَّ واليَمينُ الفاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدّيارَ بَلاقِعَ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أنبأنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى العَلاءِ، عن مَكحولٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أعجَلَ الخَيرِ ثَوابًا صِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ، وإِنَّ أعجَلَ الشَّرِّ عُقوبَةً البَغىُ، واليَمينُ الصَّبرُ الفاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدّيارَ بَلاقِعَ\" (^٢).\n\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: مَن حَلَفَ عامِدًا لِلكَذِبِ فقالَ: واللهِ لَقَد كان كَذا وكَذا. ولَم يَكُنْ، كَفَّرَ وقَد أثِمَ وأساءَ حَيثُ عَمَدَ الحَلِفَ باللهِ باطِلًا (^٣). قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فإِن قال: وما الحُجَّةُ فى أن يُكَفِّرَ وقَد عَمَدَ الباطِلَ؟ قيلَ: أقرَبُها قَولُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه\". فقَد أمَرَه أن يَعمِدَ الحِنثَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضِى ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ وأشهَلُ بنُ حاتِمٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال لى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَميلٍ\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه وكيع فى الزهد (٤٠٦) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٦١.","vol":"20","page":84},{"text":"الأزدِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ ومَنصورُ بنُ زاذانَ وحُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: أخبرَنى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَمُرَةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا آلَيتَ على يَمينٍ\" -وفى رِوايَةِ ابنِ عَونٍ: إذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ- \"فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ، وكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ عن هُشَيمٍ (^٢). وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ، ثُمَّ قال: وتابَعَه أشهَلُ عن ابنِ عَونٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَولُ اللهِ: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ [النور: ٢٢] نَزَلَت فى رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ ألَّا يَنفَعَ رَجُلًا فأمَرَه اللهُ أن يَنفَعَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا فى قِصَّةِ الإفكِ وذَلِكَ فيما:\n\n١٩٩٠٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلقَمَةُ بنُ وقَّاصٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٢٥)، والنسائى (٣٧٩٩) من طريق ابن عون به. وابن حبان (٤٤٧٩) من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٧٢، ٢٠٢٧٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٢٢).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٦١.","vol":"20","page":85},{"text":"ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ مِن حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حينَ قال لها أهلُ الإفكِ ما قالوا، فبَرّأها اللهُ مِمّا قالوا، وكُلٌّ حَدَّثَنِى طائفَةً مِنَ الحديثِ، وبَعضُ حَديثِهِم يُصَدِّقُ بَعضًا، وإِن كان بَعضُهُم أوعَى له مِن بَعضٍ، فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه. قال فيه: فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النور: ١١ - ٢٠] العَشرَ الآياتِ [كلَّها، فلما] (^١) أنزَلَ اللهُ هذا فى بَراءَتى قال أبو بكرٍ، وكانَ يُنفِقُ على مِسطَحِ بنِ أُثاثَةَ لِقَرابَتِه مِنه وفَقرِه: واللهِ لا أُنفِقُ على مِسطَحٍ شَيئًا أبَدًا بعدَ الَّذِى قال لِعائشَةَ. فأنزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾. قال أبو بكرٍ: بَلَى واللهِ إنِّى لأُحِبُّ أن يَغفِرَ اللهُ لى، فرَجَعَ إلَى مِسطَحٍ النَّفَقَةَ التى كان يُنفِقُ عَلَيه، وقالَ: واللهِ لا أنزِعُها مِنه أبَدًا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٠٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، حَدَّثَنى هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: كان أبو بكرٍ يَعولُ مِسطَحَ بنَ أُثاثَةَ، فلَمّا قال فى عائشةَ -﵂- ما قال، أقسَمَ باللهِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فيما\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٧٣٥)، والنسائى -كما فى تحفة الأشراف (١٦١٢٩) - من طريق يونس بن يزيد به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٢٣) من طريق الزهرى به، وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٢٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٧٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٦).","vol":"20","page":86},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ ألا يَنفَعَه أبَدًا، فلَمّا أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ الآيَةَ. قال أبو بكرٍ: بَلَى واللهِ إنِّى لأُحِبُّ أن يَغفِرَ اللهُ لى. فرَدَّ على مِسطَحٍ، وكَفَّرَ عن يَمينِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَولُ اللهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا﴾ [المجادلة: ٢]. ثُمَّ جَعَلَ اللهُ فيه الكَفّارَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وُجوبُ الكَفّارَةِ فيه بالنَّصِّ فيه، وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فيه فى كِتابِ الظِّهارِ (^٣).\nوأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٩٩٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، أنبأنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن أبى يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فسألَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الطّالِبَ البَيِّنَةَ، فلَم يَكُنْ له بَيِّنَةٌ، فاستَحلَفَ المَطلوبَ، فحَلَفَ باللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد فعَلتَ، ولَكِن غُفِرَ لَكَ بإِخلاصِ قَولِ لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٧٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٣١٧)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٨)، والترمذى (٣١٨٠) من طريق هشام بن عروة به. وذكره البخارى معلقًا فى (٤٧٥٧٠) عن أبى أسامة عن هشام به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٦١.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٥٣٤٨)\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٢٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٨٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به، وصححه الألبانى فى=","vol":"20","page":87},{"text":"فهَكَذا رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ والثَّورِىُّ وجَريرٌ وشَريكٌ عن عَطاءٍ (^١).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ كما:\n\n١٩٩٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبى، عن شُعبَةَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أن رَجُلًا حَلَفَ باللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو -أو قال: حَلَفَ باللهِ- كاذِبًا فغُفِرَ له\". يَعنى لإخلاصِه باللهِ (^٢).\nوهَذا وهْمٌ مِن شُعبَةَ، والصَّوابُ رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ، وعَبيدَةُ ماتَ قبلَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فيما زَعَمَ أهلُ التَّواريخِ بتِسعِ سِنينَ، فتَبعُدُ رِوايَتُه عنه. واللهُ أعلمُ.\nتَفَرَّدَ به عَطاءُ بنُ السَّائبِ مَعَ الاختِلافِ عَلَيه فى إسنادِهِ.\nورُوِىَ مِن حَديثِ ثابِتٍ عن أنَسٍ، ولَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ:\n\n١٩٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا\n_________\n= صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٠٣).\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٩٥، ٩٦ من طريق عبد الوارث به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٠٦) من طريق الثورى به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٥، ٢٩٥٦) من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٦١٠١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٠٥)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى\n(٥٨٦، ٥٨٧)، والبزار فى مسنده (٢١٧٧، ٢١٧٨) من طريق شيبة به.","vol":"20","page":88},{"text":"أبو قُدامَةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانىِّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِرَجُلٍ: \"يا فُلانُ، فعَلتَ كَذا وكَذا؟ \". قال: لا واللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو ما فعَلتُه. قال: ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَعلَمُ أنَّه قَد فعَلَه. قال: وكَرَّرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيه مِرارًا، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَحلِفُ. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنكَ كَذِبَكَ بصِدقِكَ بلا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ\" (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن ثابِتٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ:\n\n١٩٩٠٧ - أخبَرَنيه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ إجازَةً، أن أبا الحَسَنِ ابنَ صَبيحٍ أخبَرَهُم، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شيرُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ البُنانِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لِرَجُلٍ: \"فعَلتَ كَذا وكَذا؟ \". فقالَ: لا والله الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو. فأتاه جِبريلُ ﵇ فقالَ: بَلَى قَد فعَلَه، ولَكِن قَد غُفِرَ له بقَولِه: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا:\n\n١٩٩٠٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو مَنصورٍ عبدُ القاهِرِ بنُ طاهِرٍ الإمامُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ حَمدانَ الفارِسِىُّ، قالوا: أنبأنا أبو عمرِو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (١٣٧٦)، والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ١/ ٢١٣، وابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٦٠٨ من طريق أبى قدامة الحارث بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٨٥٥) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به. وأحمد (٥٣٦١)، وأبو يعلى (٥٦٩٠) عن حماد بن سلمة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٠٩: هذا إسناد على شرط مسلم.","vol":"20","page":89},{"text":"ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رَجُلًا فقَدَ ناقَةً له، وادَّعاها على رَجُلٍ، فأتَى به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: هذا أخَذَ ناقَتِى. فقالَ: لا واللهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلا هو ما أخَذتُها. فقالَ: \"قَد أخَذتَها، رُدَّها عَلَيه\". فرَدَّها عَلَيه، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"قَد غُفِرَ لَكَ بإخلاصِكَ\". هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، فإِن كان فى الأصلِ صَحيحًا، فالمَقصودُ مِنه البَيانُ أن الذَّنبَ وإِن عَظُمَ لَم يَكُنْ موجِبًا لِلنّارِ مَتَى ما صَحَّتِ العَقيدَةُ، وكانَ مِمَّن سَبَقَت له المَغفِرَةُ، ولَيسَ هذا التَّعيينُ لأحَدٍ بعدَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\nوأمّا الأثَرُ الَّذِى:\n\n١٩٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانىُّ الفقيهُ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا عَبثَرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: الأيْمانُ أربَعَةٌ: يَمينانِ تُكَفَّرانِ، ويَمينانِ لا تُكَفَّرانِ؛ فالرَّجُلُ يَحلِفُ واللهِ لا يَفعَلُ كَذا وكَذا، فيَفعَلُ، والرَّجُلُ يقولُ: واللهِ أفعَلُ. فلا يَفعَلُ؛ وأمّا اليَمينانِ اللَّذانِ (^١) لا تُكَفَّرانِ فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَحلِفُ: ما فعَلتُ كَذا وكَذا. وقَد فعَلَه، والرَّجُلُ يَحلِفُ: لَقَد فعَلتُ كَذا وكَذا. ولَم يَفعَلْه (^٢). فهَكَذا رَواه عَبثَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ عن لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ. وخالَفَه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، فرَواه عن لَيثٍ عن زيادِ بنِ كُلَيبٍ أبى مَعشَرٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٢.","vol":"20","page":90},{"text":"إبراهيمَ مِن قَولِه، وهو أشبَهُ:\n\n١٩٩١٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن لَيثٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: الأيمانُ أربَعٌ: يَمينانِ يُكَفَّرانِ، ويَمينانِ لا يُكَفَّرانِ، قَولُ الرَّجُلِ: واللهِ ما فعَلتُ، واللهِ لَقَد فعَلتُ. لَيسَ فى شَئٍ مِنه كَفّارَةٌ، إن كان تَعَمَّدَ شَيئًا فهو كَذِبٌ، وإِن كان يَرَى أنَّه كما قال فهو لَغوٌ، وقَولُ الرَّجُلِ: واللهِ لا أفعَلُ، وواللهِ لأفعَلَنَّ. فهَذا فيه كَفّارَةٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ولَيثٌ وحَمّادُ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ (^٢) بهِما، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ:\n\n١٩٩١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ الفقيهُ، أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى التَّيّاحِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العاليَةِ قال: قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: كُنّا نَعُدُّ مِنَ الذَّنبِ الَّذِى لا كَفّارَةَ له اليَمينَ الغَموسَ. قيلَ: ما اليَمينُ الغَموسُ؟ قال: اقتِطاعُ الرَّجُلِ مالَ أخيه باليَمينِ الكاذِبَةِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠١٩) من طريق الثورى به، بإبهام زياد بن كليب.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام على ليث بن أبى سليم فى (٥٣٢). وحماد هو: حماد بن أبى سليمان أبو إسماعيل\nالكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ١٨، ومعرفة الثقات ١/ ٣٢، والجرح والتعديل\n٣/ ١٤٦، وتهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٦٩، وسير أعلام النبلاء ٥/ ٢٣١. قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ١٩٧:\nصدوق له أوهام.\n(^٣) البغوى فى الجعديات (١٤١٧). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٢٩٦ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":91},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4156>بابُ ما جاءَ فى قَولِه: أُقسِمُ أو أقسَمتُ</span>\n\n١٩٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كان أبو هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ أن رَجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى رأيتُ اللَّيلَةَ ظُلَّةً يَنطِفُ مِنها السَّمنُ والعَسَلُ، فأرَى النّاسَ يَتَكَفَّفونَ فى أيديهِم، فالمُستَكثِرُ والمُستَقِلُّ، وأرَى سَبَبًا واصِلًا مِنَ السَّماءِ إلَى الأرضِ، فأراكَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أخَذتَ به فعَلَوتَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فعَلا، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فعَلا، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فانقَطَعَ به، ثُمَّ وُصِلَ له فعَلا، قال أبو بكرٍ: أىْ رسولَ اللهِ، بأبِى أنتَ واللهِ لَتَدَعَنِّى فلأعبُرْها. فقالَ: \"اعبُرْها\". فقالَ: أمّا الظُّلَّةُ فظُلَّةُ الإسلامِ، وأمّا التَّنَطُّفُ مِنَ السَّمنِ والعَسَلِ فهو القُرآنُ ولينُه وحَلاوَتُه، وأمّا المُستَكثِرُ والمُستَقِلُّ فهو المُستَكثِرُ مِنَ القُرآنِ والمُستَقِلُّ مِنه، وأمّا السَّبَبُ الواصِلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ إلَى الأرضِ فهو الحَقُّ الَّذِى أنتَ عَلَيه، تأخُذُ به فيُعليكَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به بَعدَكَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فيَعلو به، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به آخَرُ بَعدَه فيَعلو به، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فيُقطَعُ به ثُمَّ يوصَلُ فيَعلو به، أىْ رسولَ اللهِ لَتُحَدِّثَنِّى أصَبتُ أم أخطأْتُ؟ قال: \"أصَبتَ بَعضًا وأخطأتَ بَعضًا\". قال: أقسَمتُ بأبِى أنتَ يا رسولَ اللهِ لَتُحَدِّثَنِّى بالَّذِى أخطأتُ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُقسِمْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٢٩٣) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وهو فى مصنف عبد الرزاق (٢٠٣٦٠) عن عبيد الله عن أبى هريرة.","vol":"20","page":92},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ إلا أنَّه قال: عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أحيانًا عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وأحيانًا عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\nوكما رَواه الرَّمادِىُّ رَواه محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ (^٢) وفَيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ أزهَرَ.\nورَواه أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ فقالَ: كان مَعمَرٌ يقولُ مَرَّةً: عن أبى هريرةَ. ومَرَّةً: عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن أبا هريرةَ يُحَدِّثُ.\nورَواه إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ فقالَ: عن ابنِ عباسٍ أن رَجُلًا جاءَ (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ. وقالَ فى الحديثِ: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِىِّ، إلا أنَّه قال فى الحديثِ: قال: فواللهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ لَتُخبِرَنِّى بالَّذِى أخطأتُ.\n\n١٩٩١٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٦٩/ ...).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٦٨، ٤٦٣٢)، وابن ماجه عقب (٣٩١٨) عن محمد بن يحيى الذهلى عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الذهلى فى العلل -كما فى فتح البارى ١٢/ ٤٣٣ - عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأخرجه ابن حجر فى تغليق التعليق ٥/ ٢٧١ من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٤)، ومسلم (٢٢٦٩/ عقب ١٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٩١٨) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":93},{"text":"ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- كان يُحَدِّثُ، أن رجُلًا أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى أَرَى اللَّيلَةَ فى المَنامِ ظُلَّةً تَنطُفُ السَّمنَ والعَسَلَ، فأَرَى النّاسَ يَتَكَفَّفونَ مِنها بأيديهِم، فالمُستَكثِرُ والمُستَقِلُّ، وأَرَى سَبَبًا واصِلًا مِنَ السَّماءِ إلَى الأرضِ، فأَراكَ أخَذتَ به فعَلَوتَ، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ مِن بَعدِكَ فعَلا، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فعَلا، ثُمَّ أخَذَ به رَجُلٌ آخرُ فانقَطَعَ به، ثُمَّ وُصِلَ له فعَلا، قال أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، لَتَدَعَنِّى فلأعبُرَنَّه. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اعبُرْ\". قال أبو بكرٍ: أمّا الظُّلَّةُ فظُلَّةُ الإسلامِ، وأمّا الَّذِى يَنطُفُ مِنَ السَّمنِ والعَسَلِ فالقُرآنُ حَلاوَتُه ولينُه، وأمّا ما يَتَكَفَّفُ النّاسُ مِن ذَلِكَ فالمُستَكثِرُ مِنَ القُرآنِ والمُستَقِلُّ، وأمّا السَّبَبُ الواصِلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ إلَى الأرضِ فالحَقُّ الَّذِى أنتَ عَلَيه، تأخُذُ به فيُعليكَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به رَجُلٌ بَعدَكَ فيَعلُو به، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فيَعلُو به، ثُمَّ يأخُذُ به رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فيَعلُو به فيَنقَطِعُ به ثُمَّ يوصَلُ له فيَعلو به، فأخبِرْنِى يا رسولَ اللهِ بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى أصَبتُ أو أخطأتُ؟ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أصَبتَ بَعضًا وأخطأتَ بَعضًا\". قال: فواللهِ لَتُخبِرَنِّى بالَّذِى أخطأتُ. قال: \"لا تُقسِمْ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ. وفِى حَديثِ اللَّيثِ: فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى رأيتُ اللَّيلَةَ فى المَنامِ. وقالَ: وإِذا سَبَبٌ واصِلٌ مِنَ","vol":"20","page":94},{"text":"الأرضِ إلَى السَّماءِ، وأَراكَ أخَذتَ به (^١). والباقِى مِثلُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٣). قال البخارىُّ: تابَعَه سُلَيمانُ بنُ كَثيرٍ وابنُ أخِى الزُّهرِىِّ وسُفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ الزُّبَيدِىُّ: عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ أو أبا هريرةَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقالَ فى الحديثِ: واللهِ يا رسولَ اللهِ.\n\n١٩٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: إذا قال: أقسَمتُ. فلَيسَ بشَئٍ، حَتَّى يَقولَ: أقسَمتُ باللهِ (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فى هذا حَديثٌ مُسنَدٌ إلا أنَّه ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\n\n١٩٩١٥ - ورَوَى إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ، عن رِشدينِ بنِ كُرَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه: أُقسِمُ. قال: لا يَكونُ يَمينًا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"فعلوت\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٣٤٦، ٣٤٧. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٦٦٥) عن بحر بن نصر به. وابن حبان (١١١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وأحمد (٢١١٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢٦٧، ٣٢٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٩١٨) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٠٠٠)، ومسلم (٢٢٦٩/ ١٧).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٧٠٠٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٥٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"20","page":95},{"text":"حَتَّى يَقولَ: أُقسِمُ باللهِ. وفِى قَولِه: أشهَدُ. قال: لا يَكونُ يَمينًا حَتَّى يَقولَ: أشهَدُ باللهِ. وهَذا فيما أنبأنى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً عن أبى الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ شيرُويَه قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ، يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ: حدثنا إسحاقُ. فذَكَرَه.\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ مِن قَولِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4157>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إبرارِ المُقسِمِ</span>\n\n١٩٩١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سُوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ ونَهانا عن سَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا بعيادَةِ المَريضِ، واتِّباعِ الجِنازَةِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، وإفشاءِ السَّلامِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإبرارِ المُقسِمِ، وإجابَةِ الدّاعِى، ونَهانا عن خَواتيمِ الذَّهَبِ، وعن الشُّربِ فى آنيَةِ الفِضَّةِ، وعن الحَريرِ، والدّيباجِ، والإستَبرَقِ، والمَياثِرِ، والقَسِّىِّ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، كِلاهُما عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٥٦).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٩، ٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١، ١١٦١٩، ١٩٨٩٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٦٣٥)، ومسلم (٢٠٦٦) عقب (٣).","vol":"20","page":96},{"text":"ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى زيادٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ صَفوانَ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بأبِى ليُبايِعَه على الهِجرَةِ قال: \"بَل أُبايِعُه على الجِهادِ\" فانطَلَقتُ إلَى العباسِ وهو فى السِّقايَةِ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا الفَضلِ، إنِّى انطَلَقتُ بأبِى إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ليُبايِعَه على الهِجرَةِ فلَم يَفعَلْ، فقامَ مَعَه العباسُ فى قَميصٍ ما عَلَيه رِداءٌ، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ قَد عَرَفتَ ما بَينِى وبَينَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ صَفوانَ، وأتاكَ بأبيه لِتُبايِعَه على الهِجرَةِ فلَم تَفعَلْ، فقالَ: \"إنَّها لا هِجرَةَ\". قال: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكَ لِتُبايِعَه. قال: فمَدَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه وقالَ: \"ها أبرَرتُ عَمِّى، ولا هِجرَةَ\" (^١).\nقال البخارىُّ: عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ صَفوانَ أو صَفوانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، قالَه يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ، لا يَصِحُّ. أخبرَنا بذَلِكَ أبو بكرٍ الفارِسِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ الأصبَهانىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، عن البُخارِىِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ هارونَ بنِ رُستُمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٥١)، وابن ماجه (٢١١٦) من طريق يزيد بن أبى زياد به.\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٤٧.","vol":"20","page":97},{"text":"على أحَدٍ بيَمينٍ وهو يَرَى أنَّه سَيَبَرُّه فلَم يَفعَلْ، فإِنَّما إثمُه على الَّذِى لَم يَبَرَّه\" (^١).\n\n١٩٩١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا الصَّغانىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ أبى الطَّيِّبِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن أبى الزَّاهِريَّةِ وراشِدِ ابنِ سَعدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أهدَت لها امرأةٌ طَبَقًا فيه تَمرٌ، فأكَلَت مِنه عائشَةُ -﵂-، وأبقَت مِنه تَمَراتٍ، فقالَتِ المَرأةُ: أقسَمتُ عَلَيكِ إلا أكَلتيه كُلَّه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبِرّيها، فإِنَّ الإثمَ على المُحنِّثِ\" (^٢).\nحَديثُ أبى هريرةَ فى إسنادِه مَن يُجهَلُ مِن مَشايخِ بَقيَّةَ، وحَديثُ عائشةَ أمثَلُ، وهو مُرسَلٌ أورَدَه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" مِن حَديثِ لَيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٣)، ولَه شاهِدٌ مِن حَديثِ علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ عن القاسِمِ عن أبى أُمامَةَ (^٤)، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ ومَكحولٍ والحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ أن الكَفّارَةَ على المُقسِمِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4158>بابُ مَن قال: لَعَمرُ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى حلية الأولياء ٣/ ٣٤٦ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٤٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٨٣٥) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^٣) أبو داود فى المراسيل (٣٨٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه الرويانى فى مسنده (١٢١١)، والطبرانى (٧٨٢٠) من طريق على بن يزيد به.","vol":"20","page":98},{"text":"حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال. أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلقَمَةُ بنُ وقّاصٍ وعُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حينَ قال لها أهلُ الإفكِ ما قالوا فبَرّأها اللهُ مِمّا قالوا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه. قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو على المِنبَرِ: \"يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ، مَن يَعذِرُنا مِن رَجُلٍ قَد بَلَغَنا أذاه فى أهلِ بَيتى؟ فواللهِ ما عَلِمتُ فى أهلِى إلا خَيرًا، ولَقَد ذَكَروا رَجُلًا ما عَلِمتُ عَلَيه إلا خَيرًا، وما كان يَدخُلُ على أهلِى إلا مَعِى\". فقامَ سَعدُ بنُ مُعاذٍ الأنصارِىُّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنا أعذِرُكَ مِنه؛ إن كان مِنَ الأوسِ ضَرَبتُ عُنُقَه، وإن كان مِن إخوانِنا مِنَ الخَزرَجِ أمَرتَنا ففَعَلنا أمرَكَ. قالَت: فقامَ سَعدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ -وهو سَيِّدُ الخَزرَجِ- وكانَ قبلَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلًا صالِحًا ولَكِنِ احتَمَلَتْه الحَميَّةُ، فقالَ لِسَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ: كَذَبتَ لَعَمرُ اللهِ، لا تَقتُلُه، ولا تَقدِرُ على قَتلِه. فقامَ أُسَيدُ بنُ حُضَيرٍ -وهو ابنُ عَمِّ سَعدِ بنِ مُعاذٍ- فقالَ لِسَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ: كَذَبتَ لَعَمرُ اللهِ، لَنَقتُلَنَّه، فإِنَّكَ مُنافِقٌ، تُجادِلُ عن المُنافِقينَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4159>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الحَلِفِ بصِفاتِ اللهِ تَعالَى؛ كالعِزَّةِ، والقُدرَةِ، والجَلالِ، والكِبرياءِ، والعَظَمَةِ، والكَلامِ، والسَّمعِ، ونَحوِ ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n١٩٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٩٩٠٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٧٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٦).","vol":"20","page":99},{"text":"شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنى سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعَطاءُ بنُ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِىُّ أن أبا هريرةَ أخبَرَهُما أن النّاسَ قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ هل نَرَى رَبَّنا يَومَ القيامَةِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل تُمارونَ فى القَمَرِ لَيلَةَ البَدرِ لَيسَ دونَه سَحابٌ؟ \". قالوا: لا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"فهَل تُمارونَ فى الشَّمسِ لَيسَ دونَها سَحابٌ؟ \". قالوا: لا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"فإنَّكُم تَرَونَه كَذَلِكَ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: \"ويبقَى رَجُلٌ (^١) بَينَ الجَنَّةِ والنّارِ هو (^٢) آخِرُ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ دُخولًا الجَنَّةَ، مُقبِلٌ بوَجهِه على النّارِ يقولُ: يا رَبِّ اصرِفْ وجهِى عن النّارِ، فإِنَّه قَد قَشَبَنِى ريحُها، وأحرَقَنِى ذَكاؤُها (^٣). فيقولُ اللهُ ﷿: فهَل عَسَيتَ إن فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ بكَ أن تسألَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فيقولُ: لا وعِزَّتِكَ. فيُعطِى رَبَّه ما شاءَ مِن عَهدٍ وميثاقٍ، فيَصرِفُ اللهُ وجهَه عن النّارِ، فإِذا أقبَلَ بوَجهِه على الجَنَّةِ فرأى بَهجَتَها، فيَسكُتُ ما شاءَ اللهُ أن يَسكُتَ، ثُمَّ يقولُ: يا رَبِّ قَدِّمنِى عِندَ بابِ الجَنَّةِ. فيقولُ اللهُ: ألَستَ قَد أعطَيتَ العُهودَ والمَواثيقَ ألَّا تَسألَ غَيرَ الَّذِى كُنتَ سألتَ؟ فيَقولُ: يا رَبِّ لا أكونُ أشقَى خَلقِكَ. فيقولُ: هَل عَسَيتَ إن أُعطيتَ ذَلِكَ أن تَسألَ غَيرَه؟ فيقولُ: لا وعِزَّتِكَ لا أسألُكَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. إلَى أن قال: \"ثُمَّ يأذَنُ له فى دُخولِ الجَنَّةِ فيقولُ له: تَمَنَّ. فيتَمَنَّى، حَتَّى إذا انقُطِعَ به قال اللهُ ﵎: مِن كَذا وكَذا فسَلْ. يُذَكِّرُه رَبُّه، حَتَّى إذا انتَهَت به الأمانِىُّ قال اللهُ: لَكَ ذَلِكَ ومِثلُه مَعَه\". قال أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ لأبِى هريرةَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَكَ ذَلِكَ وعَشَرَةُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"هو\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"و\".\n(^٣) ذكت النار، ذكوا وذكًا وذكاءً: اشتعلت. التاج ٣٨/ ٩٣ (ذ ك و).","vol":"20","page":100},{"text":"أمثالِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\nقال البخارىُّ: وقالَ أيّوبُ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: وعِزَّتِكَ لا غِنَى بى عن بَرَكَتِكَ (^٣).\nوفِى حَديثِ قَتادَةَ عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصَّةِ جَهَنَّمَ فتَقولُ: قَطٍ قَطٍ وعِزَّتِكَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى الَّذِى يُغمَسُ فى الجَنَّةِ فيُقالُ له: \"هَل رأيتَ بؤسًا قَطُّ؟ يقولُ: لا وعِزَّتِكَ وجَلالِكَ\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا مَعبَدُ بنُ هِلالٍ العَنَزِىُّ -وأثنَى عَلَيه خَيرًا- قال: أتَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ فى رَهطٍ مِن أهلِ البَصرَةِ، وسَمّاهُم لَنا، نَسألُه عن حَديثِ الشَّفاعَةِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه فى سُؤالِه وجَوابِه، وخُروجِهِم مِن عِندِه، ودُخولِهِم على الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ. قال الحَسَنُ: حَدَّثَنِى كما حَدَّثَكُم، قال: ثُمَّ قال، يَعنِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: \"فأجِئُ فى الرّابِعَةِ فأحمَدُ بتِلكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٨٤٣) عن أبى اليمان به. وأحمد (٧٧١٧، ١٠٩٠٦)، وابن حبان (٧٤٢٩، ٧٤٤٥) من طريق الزهرى عن عطاء وحده.\n(^٢) البخارى (٨٠٦)، ومسلم (١٨٢/ ٣٠٠).\n(^٣) البخارى قبل (٦٦٦١، ٧٣٨٣).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٨٠)، والبخارى (٦٦٦١)، ومسلم (٢٨٤٨/ ٣٧، ٣٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٣١١٢)، ومسلم (٢٨٠٧/ ٥).","vol":"20","page":101},{"text":"المَحامِدِ، ثُمَّ أخِرُّ له ساجِدًا فيُقالُ لى: يا محمدُ ارفَعْ رأسَكَ، قُلْ يُسمَعْ لَكَ، وسَلْ تُعطَه، واشفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ. فأقولُ: يا رَبِّ ائذَنْ لِى فيمَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. فيقولُ: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ إلَيكَ، ولكنِّى وعِزَّتِى وكِبريائى وعَظَمَتِى لأُخرِجَنَّ مِنها مَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، زادَ فيه: \"وجَلالِى\"، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَنصورٍ وغَيرِه عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفانِ أبو الفَتحِ ناصِرُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العُمَرِىُّ وأبو علىٍّ الحَسَنُ بنُ أشعَثَ القُرَشِىُّ (^٣) قالا: أخبرَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى مَولًى لأبِى مَسعودٍ قال: دَخَلَ أبو مَسعودٍ على حُذَيفَةَ فقالَ: اعهَدْ إلَىَّ. فقالَ له: ألَم يأتِكَ اليَقينُ؟ قال: بَلَى وعِزَّةِ رَبِّى. قال: فاعلَمْ أن الضَّلالَةَ حَقَّ الضَّلالَةِ أن تَعرِفَ ما كُنتَ تُنكِرُ، وأن تُنكِرَ ما كُنتَ تَعرِفُ، وإيّاكَ والتَّلَوُّنَ، فإِنَّ دينَ اللهِ واحِدٌ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٢٤ - وأخبرَنا الشَّريفانِ أبو الفَتحِ وأبو علىٍّ قالا: أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شَريكٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ فيّاضٍ، عن أبى عِياضٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -أو سُئلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (١١١٣١)، وأبو يعلى (٤٣٥٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٥١٠)، ومسلم (١٩٣/ ٣٢٦).\n(^٣) الحسن بن أشعث بن محمد بن سعيد أبو على القرشى المنبجى. قال عبد الغافر: الشريف الفقيه. توفى سنة (٤٤٤ هـ). المنتخب (٥١١)، وتاريخ دمشق ١٣/ ٣٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٢٦٧)، والبغوى فى الجعديات (٣١١٧).","vol":"20","page":102},{"text":"ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-- وأنا أسمَعُ عن الخَمرِ فقالَ: لا وسَمْعِ اللهِ ﷿ لا يَحِلُّ بَيعُها ولا ابتياعُها (^١).\n\n١٩٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ بسورَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ فعَلَيه بكُلِّ آيَةٍ كَفّارَةٌ، إن شاءَ بَرَّ وإِن شاءَ فجَرَ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ بسورَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ فعَلَيه بكُلِّ آيَةٍ يَمينُ صَبرٍ، مَن شاءَ بَرَّ ومَن شاءَ فجَرَ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٢٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن ليثٍ، عن مجاهدٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٤). هذا الحَديثُ إنَّما رُوِىَ مِن الوجهَينِ جَميعًا مُرسَلًا، ورُوِىَ عن ثابِتِ بنِ الضَّحّاكِ مَوصولًا مَرفوعًا، وإسنادُه ضعيف (^٥).\nورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٣٨٨)، والبغوى فى الجعديات (٢٣٤٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (٣٦٣) من طريقين آخرين عن الحسن مرسلًا. وينظر معرفة السنن\nعقب (٥٨٠٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٤٩) من طريق آخر عن الحسن.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٤٨) عن سفيان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٢٢٦٧).","vol":"20","page":103},{"text":"١٩٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى كَنَفٍ قال: بَينَما أنا أمشِى مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فى سوقِ الدَّقيقِ إذ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَحلِفُ بسورَةِ البَقَرَةِ، فقالَ ابنُ مَسعودٍ: إنَّ عَلَيه لِكُلِّ آيَةٍ مِنها يَمينًا. قال الأعمَشُ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِإبراهيمَ، فقالَ: قال عبدُ اللهِ: مَن حَلَفَ بالقُرآنِ فعَلَيه بكُلِّ آيَةٍ يَمينٌ، ومَن كَفَرَ بآيَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ فقَد كَفَرَ به كُلِّهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى سِنانٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيلِ، عن حَنظَلَةَ بنِ خوَيلِدٍ العَنبَرِىِّ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ حَتَّى أتَى السُّدَّةَ -سُدَّةً بالسّوقِ- فاستَقبَلَها، ثُمَّ قال: إنِّى أسألُكَ مِن خَيرِها وخَيرِ أهلِها، وأعوذُ بكَ مِن شَرِّها وشَرِّ أهلِها. ثُمَّ مَشَى حَتَّى أتَى دَرَجَ المَسجِدِ، فسَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَحلِفُ بسورَةٍ مِنَ القُرآنِ، فقالَ: يا حَنظَلَةُ، أتَرَى هذا يُكَفِّرُ عن يَمينِه؟ إنَّ لِكُلِّ آيَةٍ كَفّارَةً. أو قال: يَمينًا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مِسعَرٌ عن أبى سِنانٍ، وقالَ شُعبَةُ: سُوَيدُ بنُ حَنظَلَةَ. وقالَ سفيانُ: هو عبدُ اللهِ بنُ حَنظَلَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (١٤٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه مسدد -كما فى المطالب العالية (١٩٢٧) - عن الأعمش به بدون القصة، ومن طريقه اللالكائى فى الاعتقاد (٣٧٩).\n(^٢) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٢، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٣٤.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (١٤١ - تفسير).","vol":"20","page":104},{"text":"١٩٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى سِنانٍ الشَّيبانىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى الهُذَيلِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، فسَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَحلِفُ بسورَةِ البَقَرَةِ، فقالَ: أتُراه مُكَفِّرًا؟ عَلَيه بكُلِّ آيَةٍ يَمينٌ (^١).\nفقَولُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مَعَ الحديثِ المُرسَلِ فيه دَليلٌ على أن الحَلِفَ بالقُرآنِ يَكونُ يَمينًا فى الجُملَةِ، ثُمَّ التَّغليظُ فى الكَفّارَةِ مَتروكٌ بالإجماعِ.\n\n١٩٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ العَنَزِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىَّ يقولُ: قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: أدرَكتُ النّاسَ مُنذُ سبعينَ سنةً يَقولونَ: اللهُ الخالِقُ وما سِواه مَخلوقٌ، والقُرآنُ كَلامُ اللهِ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ مَحمودٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يقولُ: أخبرَنى أبو شُعَيبٍ أن حَفصَ الفَرْدِ (^٣) ناظَرَ الشّافِعِىَّ، فقالَ حَفصٌ: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ. فقالَ له الشّافِعِىُّ: كَفَرتَ باللهِ العَظيمِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (٨٨٩٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) عثمان بن سعيد الدارمى فى الرد على الجهمية ص ٨٨، وسيأتى عقب (٢٠٩٢٥، ٢٠٩٢٦).\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"القرد\".\n(^٤) سيأتى تخريجه فى (٢٠٩٣٣).","vol":"20","page":105},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4160>بابُ مَن قال: اللهِ لأفعَلَنَّ كَذا. أو: لَم أفعَلْ كَذا. يَنوِى به يَمينًا</span>\n\n١٩٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا الزُّبَيرُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهاشِمِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه أنَّه طَلَّقَ امرأتَه البَتَّةَ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرَه فقالَ: \"ما نَوَيتَ بذَلِكَ\"؟ قال: واحِدَةً. قال: \"آللهِ؟ \" قال: آللهِ. قال: \"فهو على ما أرَدتَ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٩٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوِه. هَكَذا رَواه جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِّيناه فى كِتابِ الطَّلاقِ مِن حَديثِ نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرِ بنِ عبدِ يَزيدَ بنِ رُكانَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى هذه القِصَّةِ \"واللهِ ما أرَدتَ إلا واحِدَةً؟ \". فَقالَ رُكانَةُ: واللهِ ما أرَدتُ إلا واحِدَةً (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4161>بابُ مَن قال: وايْمُ اللهِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥١٠٧).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥١٠٣، ١٥١٠٤).","vol":"20","page":106},{"text":"حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَعْثًا وأمَّرَ عَلَيهِم أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ، فطَعَنَ النّاسُ فى إمرَتِه، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إن تَطعُنوا فى إمرَتِه فقَد كُنتُم تَطعُنونَ فى إمرَةِ أبيه مِن قَبلُ، وايمُ اللهِ إن كان لَخَليقًا لِلإِمارَةِ، وإن كان لَمِن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَىَّ، وإِن هذا مِن أحَبِّ النّاسِ إلَىَّ بَعدَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٣٦ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَقيلٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: أخبرَنى أبو الزِّنادِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قال سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ ﵉: لأطوفَنَّ اللَّيلَةَ على سبعينَ امرأةً، كُلُّ واحِدَةٍ تأتِى بفارِسٍ يُقاتِلُ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ. فقالَ له صاحِبُه: قُلْ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فلَم يَفعَلْ، ولَم يَقُلْ إن شاءَ اللهُ، فطافَ عَلَيهِنَّ جَميعًا، فلَم تَحمِلْ مِنهُنَّ إلا امرأةٌ واحِدَةٌ جاءَت بشِقِّ رَجُلٍ، وايمُ الَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه لَو قال: إن شاءَ اللهُ. لَجاهَدوا فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أجمَعونَ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن\n_________\n(^١) إسماعيل بن جعفر فى حديثه (٢٤). وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٦٦٧٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٢٧)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٦/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٣٥٨).","vol":"20","page":107},{"text":"موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى الزِّنادِ (^١).\nورُوّينا فى حَديثِ أبى قَتادَةَ فى قِصَّةِ السَّلَبِ قَولَ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: لاها اللهِ إذًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4162>بابُ مَن قال: علىَّ عَهدُ اللهِ. يُريدُ به يَمينًا</span>\n\n١٩٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ كاذِبًا ليقتطعَ (^٣) بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ -أو قال: مالَ أخيه- لَقِىَ اللهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". قال: فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ تَصديقَ ذَلِكَ فى القُرآنِ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ [آل عمران: ٧٧]. قال: فمَرَّ الأشعَثُ فقالَ: فىَّ نَزَلَت وفِى رَجُلٍ؛ اختَصَمنا فى بئرٍ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٥).\n\n١٩٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٥٤) عقب (٢٥)، والبخارى (٣٤٢٤).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٢٨٩٠).\n(^٣) فى م: \"يقطع\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤٤) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٧٥٢).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٦٧٦)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٠).","vol":"20","page":108},{"text":"(ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ هِشامُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ هِشامٍ السِّيرافِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أىُّ النّاسِ خَيرٌ؟ قال: \"قَرنِى، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ يَجِئُ قَومٌ تَسبِقُ شَهادَةُ أحَدِهِم يَمينَه ويَمينُه شَهادَتَه\". قال إبراهيمُ: فكانَ أصحابُنا يَنهَونَنا ونَحنُ غِلمانٌ أن نَحلِفَ بالشَّهادَةِ والعَهدِ. لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ، إلا أن قَولَه: \"ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم\". فى رِوايَةِ القَطّانِ مَرَّتَينِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سَعدِ بنِ حَفصٍ عن شَيبانَ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4163>بابُ مَن قال: علىَّ نَذرٌ. ولَم يُسَمِّ شَيئًا</span>\n\n١٩٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ أنَّه قال: أشهَدُ لَسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا لَم يُسَمِّه، فكَفّارَتُه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٣٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٣١)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٢)، وابن حبان (٧٢٢٢) من طريق منصور به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٤١٤، ٢٠٦٣٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٥٨).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٥٢)، ومسلم (٢٥٣٣/ ٢١٠، ٢١١).","vol":"20","page":109},{"text":"كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١). كَذا قال: خالِدِ بنِ سعيدٍ. وأظُنُّه خالِدَ بنَ زَيدٍ (^٢) الَّذِى يَروِى عن عُقبَةَ حَديثَ الرَّمىِ (^٣).\nوالرِّوايَةُ الصحيحةُ عن أبى الخَيرِ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"كَفّارَةُ النَّذرِ كَفارَةُ اليَمينِ\" (^٤). وذَلِكَ مَحمولٌ عِندَ أهلِ العِلمِ على نَذرِ اللَّجاجِ الَّذِى يَخرُجُ مَخرَجَ الأيمانِ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٩٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السَّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بنُ القاسِمِ الإمامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عِمرانَ البَياضِىُّ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ، عن ابنِ أبى فُدَيكٍ، حَدَّثَنى طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى الأنصارِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا لَم يُسَمِّه فكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ، ومَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا لا يُطيقُه فكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\". لَم يَذكُرِ ابنُ مُسافِرٍ الضَّحّاكَ بنَ عثمانَ فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٣٠ من طريق ابن وهب به. والرويانى فى مسنده (٢٥٦) من طريق يحيى بن عبد الله به. وابن ماجه (٢١٢٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن رافع به. وعندهم جميعًا: خالد بن يزيد، وفى مخطوط الرويانى: خالد بن سعيد، وصوبه محققه.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: صدق ظنه فقد رواه ابن ماجه وقال: خالد بن زيد أو خالد بن يزيد\".\n(^٣) تقدم حديث الرمى فى (١٩٧٦٢).\n(^٤) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٢٠٠٧٥).","vol":"20","page":110},{"text":"إسنادِهِ (^١). قال أبو داودَ: رَواه وكيعٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، وقَفَه على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ عن غَيرِه عن عبدِ اللهِ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٣). ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ غَيرِ قَوِىٍّ عن بُكَيرِ بنِ الأشَجِّ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٤).\nوهو إن صَحَّ مَحمولٌ عِندَ مَن لا يقولُ بظاهِرِه على نَذرِ اللَّجاجِ والغَضَبِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4164>بابُ الاستثناءِ فى اليَمينِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ ﵀، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"من حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ: \"إن شاءَ اللهُ. فقَدِ استَثنَى\" (^٥).\n\n١٩٩٤٢ - وأخبرَنا القاضِى أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، أخبرنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سِنانٍ الحِيرِىُّ أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى وهو عبدانُ الأهوازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٨، وأبو داود (٣٣٢٢). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٢٨) من طريق بكير بن الأشج به.\n(^٢) أبو داود عقب (٣٣٢٢).\n(^٣) ينظر ما سيأتى فى (٢٠١٠١).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى (١٢١٦٩) من طرق عن بكير بن الأشج به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٢٦١)، وأحمد (٤٥٨١)، وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٢١٩).","vol":"20","page":111},{"text":"ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فلَه ثُنيا\" (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه، وهو فى الأوَّلِ مِن \"فوائدِ أبى عمرِو ابن حَمدان\": أيّوبُ بنُ موسَى.\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن سُفيانَ عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى (^٢)، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ هذا الحَديثُ مَرفوعًا مِن حَديثِ أيّوبَ السَّختيانىِّ.\n\n١٩٩٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ الوارِثِ وحَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فهو بالخيارِ؛ إن شاءَ فليُمضِ، وإِن شاءَ فليَترُكْ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٤٤ - وحَدَّثَنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الحَنَفِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا الإمامُ والِدِى، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَقَدِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٣٩)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٨/ ١٢٤ من طريق ابن أبى شيبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٤٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٦٢) عن عفان به. والنسائى (٣٨٣٩) من طريق عفان عن وهيب به. والترمذى (١٥٣١) من طريق عبد الوارث وحماد بن سلمة به. وأبو داود (٣٢٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٢١٠٥) من طريق عبد الوارث به. وتقدم فى (١٥٢١٩).","vol":"20","page":112},{"text":"حَلَفَ فاستَثنَى فهو بالخيارِ؛ إن شاءَ أن يَمضِىَ على يَمينِه مَضَى، وإِن شاءَ أن يَرجِعَ رَجَعَ غَيرَ حَرِجٍ\" (^١).\n\n١٩٩٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ الأصبَهانىُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلا أنَّه قال: لا أعلمُ إلا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. الشَّكُّ مِن أيّوبَ، وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"رَجَعَ غَيرَ حَنِثٍ\" (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا عبدانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَلَّادٍ قال: قال حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ: كان أيّوبُ يَرفَعُ هذا الحديثَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَه.\nقال الشيخُ: لَعَلَّه إنَّما تَرَكَه لِشَكٍّ اعتَراه فى رَفعِه، وهو أيّوبُ بنُ أبى تَميمَةَ السَّختِيَانىُّ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وحَسّانَ بنِ عَطيَّةَ وكَثيرِ بنِ فرقَدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣). ولا يَكادُ يَصِحُّ رَفعُه إلا مِن جِهَةِ أيّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانىِّ، وأيّوبُ يَشُكُّ فيه أيضًا، ورِوايَةُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر التخريج التالى.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤٥١٠، ٥٠٩٣) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٦/ ٧٩، والخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٨٨ من طريق حسان بن عطية به. والنسائى (٣٨٣٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٠٣ من طريق كثير بن فرقد به. وأبو نعيم فى تاريخ أصبهان ٢/ ١٤٠ من طريق نافع به. وسيأتى فى (١٩٩٥١).","vol":"20","page":113},{"text":"الجَماعَةِ مِن أوجُهٍ صَحيحَةٍ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، أن نافِعًا حَدَّثَهُم أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: مَن قال: واللهِ. ثُمَّ قال: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فلَم يَفعَلِ الَّذِى حَلَفَ عَلَيه لَم يَحنَثْ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا مِسعَرٌ، عن القاسِمِ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ: مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. فقَدِ استَثنَى (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن القاسِمِ قال: قال ابنُ مَسعودٍ: الاستِثناءُ جائزٌ فى كُلِّ يَمينٍ (^٣).\nوروّينا عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ: الاستِثناءُ فى الطَّلاقِ وفى العِتاقِ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٤٧٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (٩١٩٩) من طريق مسعر به. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠١٧: لكنه منقطع.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (١٩٤٣) من طريق المسعودى به بلفظ الذى قبله.","vol":"20","page":114},{"text":"وفِى كُلِّ شَئٍ جائزٌ. والَّذِى رُوِىَ فيه عن مُعاذٍ مَرفوعًا مَذكورٌ فى كِتابِ الطَّلاقِ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ جِبريلَ الأديبُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عامِرِ بنِ زُرارَةَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ مالكٍ اللَّخمِىِّ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مُعاذُ بنَ جَبَلٍ، إذا قال الرَّجُلُ لامرأتِه: أنتِ طالِقٌ إن شاءَ اللهُ. لَم تُطَلَّقْ، وإذا قال لِعَبدِه: أنتَ حُرٌّ إن شاءَ اللهُ. فإِنّه حُرٌّ\" (^٢).\nتَفَرَّدَ به حُمَيدُ بنُ مالكٍ وهو مَجهولٌ (^٣)، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فى إسنادِه، فقيلَ هَكَذا. وقيلَ: عنه عن مَكحولٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن يُخامِرَ، عن مُعاذٍ (^٤)، وقيلَ: عنه عن مَكحولٍ عن مُعاذٍ (^٥). وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٥٢٢٠).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى (١٥٢٢١، ١٥٢٢٢) عن مكحول. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠١٩: وضعفه\nأبو زرعة.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٥٢٢٢).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف أيضًا عقب (١٥٢٢٢) عن مكحول، وفيه: مالك بن يخامر. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠١٩: ولا أرى مكحولًا أدرك مالكًا، وخالد بن معدان فما أدرك معاذًا.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٢٢١).","vol":"20","page":115},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4165>بابُ صِلَةِ الاستِثناءِ باليَميِن</span>\n\n١٩٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ الأدَمِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ أبى الرُّطَيلِ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العَطّارُ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: إذا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ فاستَثنَى فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ. ثُمَّ وصَلَ الكَلامَ بالاستِثناءِ، ثُمَّ فعَلَ الَّذِى حَلَفَ عَلَيه لَم يَحنَثْ (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n١٩٩٥١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى، حَدَّثَنِى الهِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن داودَ بنِ عَطاءٍ رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ فى إثْرِ يَمينِه: إن شاءَ اللهُ. ثُمَّ حَنِثَ فيما حَلَفَ فيه؛ فإِنَّ كَفّارَةَ يَمينِه إن شاءَ اللهُ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو منصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٥٢). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٥/ ١٨١ من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٥٠). وأخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ٩٥٤ من طريق عبد الملك بن شعيب به. قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٢٠: داود تركه البخارى.","vol":"20","page":116},{"text":"عن أبيه، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كُلُّ استِثناءٍ مَوصولٍ فلا حِنثَ على صاحِبِه، وإِن كان غَيرَ مَوصولٍ فهو حانِثٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4166>بابُ الحالِفِ يَسكُتُ بَينَ يَمينِه واستِثنائه سَكتَةً يَسيرَةً لانقِطاعِ صَوتٍ أو أخذِ نَفسٍ</span>\n\n١٩٩٥٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطىُّ يَعنِى العباسَ بنَ الفَضلِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا، واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا\". ثُمَّ سَكَتَ ساعَةً ثُمَّ قال \"إن شاءَ الله\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٥٤ - ورَواه أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ عن شَريكٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا، وقالَ: ثُمَّ سَكَتَ سَكتَةً ثُمَّ قال: \"إن شاءَ الله\". أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ. فذَكَرَه.\nورَواه قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ عن شَريكٍ، فأرسَلَه ولَم يَذكُرِ السُّكاتَ:\n\n١٩٩٥٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٢ من طريق سعيد بن منصور بشطره الثانى. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٥/ ١٨١ من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به بشطره الأول فقط.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (٢٨٥، ٤١٠) من طريق عمرو بن عون به. وأبو يعلى (٢٦٧٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٩٣٠، ١٩٣١)، والطبرانى (١١٧٤٢) من طريق شريك به. وابن حبان (٤٣٤٣) من طريق سماك به.","vol":"20","page":117},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا، واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا، واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إن شاءَ اللهُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مِسعَرٌ عن سِماكٍ مُرسَلًا، وذَكَرَ السُّكاتَ فى آخِرِه:\n\n١٩٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، أنبأنا ابنُ بشرٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ يَرفَعُه قال: \"واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إن شاءَ اللهُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا إن شاءَ اللهُ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"واللهِ لأغزوَنَّ قُرَيشًا\". ثُمَّ سَكَتَ ثُمَّ قال: \"إن شاءَ اللهُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ -ﷺ- -إن صَحَّ هذا- لَم يَقصِدْ رَدَّ الاستِثناءَ إلَى اليَمينِ، وإنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لِقَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَيْءٍ إِنِّي فَاعِلٌ ذَلِكَ غَدًا (٢٣) إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ [الكهف: ٢٣، ٢٤].\n\n١٩٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه كان يَرَى الاستِثناءَ ولَو بعدَ سنةٍ، ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَلَا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَيْءٍ إِنِّي فَاعِلٌ ذَلِكَ غَدًا (٢٣) إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذَا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٨٥). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٨١١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٨٦).","vol":"20","page":118},{"text":"نَسِيتَ﴾ قال: إذا ذَكَرتَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: كَذا قال. وبِقَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ نَقولُ فى ذَلِكَ فى الأيمانِ، وقَد يَحتَمِلُ قَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به أنَّه يَكونُ مُستَعمِلًا لِلآيَةِ وإِن ذَكَرَ الاستِثناءَ بعدَ حينٍ فى مِثلِ ما ورَدَت فيه الآيَةُ، لا فيما يَكونُ يَمينًا. واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4167>بابُ الحالِفِ يَستَثنِى فى نَفسِه</span>\nرُوِّينا عن إبراهيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أنَّه قال فى الَّذِى يَحلِفُ ويَستَثنِى فى نَفسِه، قال: لَيسَ بشَئٍ إلَّا أن يُظهِرَ (^٢)؛ يَتَكَلَّمَ بهِ (^٣).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ وهَيبٍ وعَبدِ الوارِثِ وحَمَّادٍ عن أيّوبَ: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فقالَ: إن شاءَ اللهُ\" (^٤) كالدَّليلِ على هذا؛ حَيثُ عَلَّقَ ذَلِكَ بالقَولِ.\nورُوِىَ فيه حَديثٌ ضَعيفٌ بمَرَّةٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بمِثلِه:\n\n١٩٩٥٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ مُصعَبٍ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ العَلاءِ، حَدَّثَنَا مروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىُّ، عن جَدِّه أبى سعيدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٠٦٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٥/ ٢٢٥ من طريق\nالأعمش به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"و\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦١٢٦).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٩٩٤٣).\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"هو الحسين بن محمد بن مصعب البجلى، والله أعلم\".","vol":"20","page":119},{"text":"عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الرَّجُلُ يَحلِفُ على اليَمينِ ثُمَّ يَستَثنِى\nفى نَفسِه -قال:- لَيسَ ذَلِكَ بشَئٍ حَتَّى يُظهِرَ الاستِثناءَ كما يُظهِرُ اليَمينَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4168>بابُ لَغوِ اليَمينِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وهذا لَفظُه قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قُلتُ لِلشَّافِعِىِّ: ما لَغوُ اليَمينِ؟ قال: اللهُ أعلمُ. أمّا الَّذِى نَذهَبُ إلَيه فما قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-؛ أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: لَغوُ اليَمينِ قَولُ الإنسانِ: لا واللهِ. و: بَلَى واللهِ (^٢)\n\n١٩٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عيسَى الحِيرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩]، قالَت: هو قَولُ الرَّجُلِ: لا واللهِ. و: بَلَى واللهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن يَحيَى القَطَّانِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن عائشةَ -﵂-\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٢١: عبد الله تركوه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٠٣)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٢، ومالك (٤٧٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١١٤٩) من طريق يحيى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٦٦٣).","vol":"20","page":120},{"text":"كانَت تَقولُ: أيمانُ اللَّغوِ ما كان فى المِراءِ والهَزلِ ومُزاحَةِ الحديثِ الَّذِى لا يُعقَدُ عَلَيه القَلبُ، وإِنَّما الكَفّارَةُ فى كُلِّ يَمينٍ حَلَفتَها على جِدٍّ مِنَ الأمرِ، فى غَضِبٍ أو غَيرِه؛ لَتَفعَلَنَّ أو لَتَترُكَنَّ، فذَلِكَ عَقدُ الأيمانِ التى فرَضَ اللهُ فيها الكَفَّارَةَ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٦٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيدُ بنُ مَسعَدةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسّانُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ ابنُ مَيمونٍ الصّائغُ مِن أهلِ مَروَ، عن عَطاءٍ: اللَّغوُ فى اليَمينِ، قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"هو كَلامُ الرَّجُلِ فى بَيتِه: كَلا واللهِ، و: بَلَى واللهِ\" (^٢).\nقال أبو داودَ: رَوَى هذا الحديثَ داودُ بنُ أبى الفُراتِ عن إبراهيمَ الصّائغِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- مَوقوفًا، ورَواه الزُّهرِىُّ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ ومالِكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، كُلُّهُم عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- مَوقوفًا أيضًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وابنُ جُرَيجٍ وهِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن عائشةَ -﵂- مَوقوفًا:\n\n١٩٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ٣١ من طريق عروة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٢٥٤). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ١٦، وابن حبان (٤٣٣٣) من طريق حسان بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٢٥٤).","vol":"20","page":121},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا عمرٌو وابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: ذَهَبتُ أنا وعُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ إلَى عائشةَ -﵂- وهِىَ مُعتَكِفَةٌ فى ثَبيرٍ، فسألناها عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ قالَت: لا واللهِ، و: بَلَى واللهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: أتَينا عائشةَ أنا وعُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ وهِىَ ببِئرِ مَيمونٍ نَسمَعُ صَريفَ السِّواكِ مِن وراءِ الحِجابِ وهِىَ تَستاكُ، فالقَت إلَينا وِسادَةً قال: فسألناها عن أشياءَ، وسألناها عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ فقُلنا لها: ما اللَّغوُ؟ فقالَت: هو أحاديثُ النّاسِ؛ فعَلنا واللهِ، صَنَعنا واللهِ.\n\n١٩٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السَّائبِ، عن وَسِيمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لَغوُ اليَمينِ أن تَحلِفَ وأنتَ غَضبانُ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٦٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَتّابُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، عن خُصَيفٍ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٥٨٠٤). والشافعى ٧/ ٦٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٥١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ١٦ من طريق ابن جريجٍ به.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٨٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه البخاري فى التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ١٨١، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٢/ ٤١٠، ٤/ ١١١٩ (٢١٦١، ٦٧١٠) من طريق خالد به.","vol":"20","page":122},{"text":"عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال. هو: لا واللهِ، و: بَلَى واللهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4169>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ على شَئٍ وهو يَرَى أنَّه صادِقٌ ثُمَّ وجَدَه كَاذِبًا</span>\n\n١٩٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ قال: كُنتُ أنا وعُبَيدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثيُ عِندَ عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فسألَها عُبَيدٌ عن قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ قالَت: حَلِفُ الرَّجُلِ على عِلمِه ثُمَّ لا يَجِدُه على ذَلِكَ، فلَيسَ فيه كَفَّارَةٌ. كَذا رَواه عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ ولَيسَ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)، وروايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن عَطاءٍ على الوَجه الَّذِى مَضَى فى بابِ اللَّغوِ (^٣).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n١٩٩٦٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ وأبو زَكَريّا قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى الثِّقَةُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: أنَّها كانَت تَتأوَّلُ هذه الآيَةَ فتَقولُ: هو الشَّئُ يَحلِفُ عَلَيه أحَدُكُم لَم يُرِدْ به إلَّا الصِّدقَ، فيَكونُ على غَيرِ ما حَلَفَ عَلَيهِ (^٤). كَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ بهَذا الإسنادِ.\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٧٨٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٤/ ١٤ من طريق عتاب به.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٩٣٠٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٩٩٦٢، ١٩٩٦٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٤٠٨ (٢١٥٤) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"20","page":123},{"text":"ورُوّيناه عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن أبيه عن عائشةَ -﵂- على الوَجهِ الَّذِى مَضَى (^١). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n١٩٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى هذه الآيَةِ قال: أن يَحلِفَ الرَّجُلُ على الشَّئِ يَرَى أنَّه كَذَلِكَ يقولُ: هذا فُلانٌ. ولَيسَ بهِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٧٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، عن عَوفٍ، عن الحَسَنِ فى قَولِه ﷿: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ قال: اللَّغوُ فى الأيمانِ أن تَحلِفَ على شَئٍ وتَرَى أنَّه كَذَلِكَ، فلَيسَ [فى ذاك] (^٣) مُؤاخَذَةٌ ولا كَفّارَةٌ، ولَكِنِ المُؤاخَذَةُ فيما حَلَفتَ على عِلمٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه قال: واللهِ ما فعَلتُ. وقَد فعَلَ ناسيًا، فلَيسَ بشَئٍ، هِىَ كِذبَةٌ كَذَبَها، يَستَغفِرُ اللهَ ولا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4170>بابٌ: الكَفَّارَةُ بعدَ الحِنثِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٩٩٦٠، ١٩٩٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٥٣) عن سفيان به مطولًا.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فيه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٥٦) من طريق آخر عن الحسن بمعناه.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٥٥) من طريق آخر عن الحسن بمعناه.","vol":"20","page":124},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن الحَسَنِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِي، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ وحُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ ويونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال لى (^١) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ سَمُرَةَ، إذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ شَبيبٍ المَعمَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كامِلٍ الجَحدَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ ويونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وهِشامٍ فى آخَرينَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، لا تَسألِ الإمارَةَ؛ فإِنّكَ إن أُعطيتَها عن مَسألَةٍ وُكِلتَ إلَيها، وإِن أُعطيتَها عن غَيرِ مَسألَةٍ أُعِنتَ عَلَيها، وإِذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فأْتِ الّذِى هو خَيرٌ وكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٧٩) من طريق على بن حجر به مقترنًا بذكر الإمارة. وتقدم فى (١٩٩٠١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٢٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٢٠٦٢٣)، عن أبى كامل الجحدرى به. وأبو عوانة (٥٩٣٧)، والدارقطنى فى جزء أبى الطاهر (٥٧) من طريق حماد به.","vol":"20","page":125},{"text":"أبى كامِلٍ، واستَشهَدَ البخاريُّ برِوايَتِهِم (^١).\n\n١٩٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيّوبُ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيبٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ وعن القاسِمِ التَّميمِيِّ، عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ قال: كان بَينَنا وبَينَ الأشعَريّينَ إخاءٌ. قال: فكُنَّا عِندَ أبى موسَى فقَرَّبَ إلَينا طَعامًا فيه لَحمُ دَجاجٍ، وفِى القَومِ رَجُلٌ أحمَرُ شَبيهٌ بالمَوالِى مِن تَيمِ اللهِ فقالَ أبو موسَى: ادنُ فكُلْ يَعنِي، فقالَ: إنِّى رأيتُه يأكُلُ نَتْنًا فحَلَفتُ ألا أطعَمَه أبَدًا. فقالَ: إنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلُ مِنه. ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ أنَّه أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى نَفَرٍ مِنَ الأشعَريِّينَ يَستَحمِلُه فأتاه وهو يَقسِمُ (^٢) ذَودًا (^٣) مِن إبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ احمِلْنا. وهو غَضبانُ فقالَ: \"واللهِ لا أحمِلُكُم، ولا أَجِدُ ما أحمِلُكُم عَلَيه\". ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بنَهْبِ (^٤) ذَودٍ غُرِّ الذُّرَى (^٥)، فأعطانا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺخَمسَ ذَودٍ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٥٢/ عقب ١٣)، والبخارى عقب (٦٧٢٢).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"صح\". وكتب فى الحاشية: \"أو هو: يَسِم، فإنه غير مبين فى الأصلية،\nوالله أعلم، وفى الباب الذى بعده ما يدلُّ على أنَّه: يقسم. والله أعلم\".\n(^٣) الذود من الإبل: ما بين الثنتين إلى التسع. وقيل: ما بين الثلاث إلى العشر. غريب الحديث لابن\nالجوزى ١/ ٣٦٦. وتقدم فى (١٠٥٥، ٧٣٢٣).\n(^٤) نَهْب: أى غنيمة. النهاية ٥/ ١٣٣.\n(^٥) أى: بيض الأسنمة سِمانها، والذرى جمع ذروة وهى أعلى سنام البعير. اللسان ١٤/ ٢٨٤ (ذ ر و).","vol":"20","page":126},{"text":"غُرِّ الذُّرَى فقُلتُ: تَغَفَّلْنا (^١) رسولَ اللهِ، -ﷺ- لا نُفلِحُ أبَدًا. فأتَيناه فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كُنتَ حَلَفتَ أَلَّا تَحمِلَنا. فقالَ: \"إنِّى لَستُ أنا حَمَلتُكُم ولَكِنَّ اللهَ حَمَلَكُم، واللهِ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلَّا أتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وتَحَلَّلتُ عن يَمينِى\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ وُهَيبٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ؛ كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيِّ عن عَفّانَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا حامِدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجٌ (^٥)، حَدَّثَنَا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليأتِها وليكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن مَروانَ (^٧).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ المُطَّلِبِ عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبيه عن\n_________\n(^١) تغفلنا: أى أخذنا منه ما أعطانا في حال غفلته عن يمينه من غير أن نذكِّره بها. فتح البارى ١١/ ٦١٢.\n(^٢) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٤٠٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٩٤)، عن عفان به. وتقدم فى (١٩٨٧١) من طريق أيوب.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٦٤٩)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩) عقب (٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٤٩) عقب (٩).\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"شريح\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ٢٢١، ٢٢٢.\n(^٦) تقدم في (١٩٨٧٦).\n(^٧) مسلم (١٦٥٠/ ١١).","vol":"20","page":127},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ، وقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ فى كِتابِ السِّيَرِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4171>بابُ الكَفّارَةِ قبلَ الحِنثِ</span>\n\n١٩٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بنُ هشامٍ وأبو الرَّبيعِ -فرَّقَهُما- قالا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى رَهطٍ مِنَ الأشعَريّينَ نَستَحمِلُه قال: \"واللهِ لا أحمِلُكُم، وما عِندِى ما أحمِلُكُم عَلَيه\". قال: فلَبِثنا ما شاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ أُتِىَ بإِبِلٍ فأمَرَ لَنا بثَلاثِ ذَودٍ غُرِّ الذُّرَي، فلَمَّا انطَلَقنا قُلنا، أو قال بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ: لا يُبارِكُ اللهُ لَنا؛ أتَينا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَستَحمِلُه فحَلَفَ ألَّا يَحمِلَنا ثُمَّ حَمَلَنا. فأتَوه فأخبَروه فقالَ: \"ما أنا حَمَلتُكُم ولَكِنَّ اللهَ حَمَلَكُم، إنِّى واللهِ إن شاءَ اللهُ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلَّا كَفَّرتُ يَمينِي وأتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\". هذا حَديثُ خَلَفٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن خَلَفِ بنِ هِشامٍ ويَحيَى بنِ حَبيبٍ وقُتَيبَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى وأبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ وغَيرُهُم عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٨٨٨٧).\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٧٢٥١).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧١٨)، ومسلم (١٦٤٩/ ٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنّف فى المعرفة (٥٨١١) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وتقدم حديث الطيالسى فى (١٩٨٣٧).","vol":"20","page":128},{"text":"١٩٩٧٧ - ورَواه جَماعَةٌ عن حَمّادٍ بالشَّكِّ \"إلَّا كَفَّرتُ يَمينِى وأتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\". أو قال: \"إلَّا أتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وكَفَّرتُ يَمينِى\". أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ. فذَكَروه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه بالشَّكِّ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن حَمَّادٍ بالشَّكِّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى القاسِمُ الكُلَيبىُّ (^٣) عن زَهدَمٍ (^٤) -وأنا لِحَديثِ القاسِمِ أحفَظُ- قال: كُنّا عِندَ أبى موسَى فدَعا بمائدَةٍ وعَلَيها لَحمُ دَجاجٍ، فدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى تَيمِ اللهِ أحمَرُ شَبيهٌ بالمَوالِى، فقالَ له أبو موسَى -﵁-: هَلُمَّ. فتَلَكّأَ قال: هَلُمَّ؛ فإِنِّى رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يأكُلُه. أو قال: يأكُلُ مِنه. قال: إنِّى واللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٥٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٧٦) عن سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧١٩).\n(^٣) فى س: \"الكلبى\"، وفى م: \"الكلينى\". وينظر الأنساب ٥/ ٩١.\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"الجرمى\".","vol":"20","page":129},{"text":"رأيتُه يأكُلُ شَيئًا فقَذِرتُه، فحَلَفتُ ألَّا آكُلَ مِنه. قال: فهَلُمَّ أُخبِرْكَ عن ذاكَ؛ إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنِّى واللهِ لا أحلِفُ على يَمينٍ فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلَّا كَفَّرْتُ يَمينِى وتَحَلَّلتُها، انطَلِقوا فإِنَّما حَمَلَكُمُ اللهُ\" (^١). كَذا رَواه سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ -وهو مِنَ الحُفَّاظِ الأثباتِ- عن حَمَّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ. ورَواه غَيرُه عنه فقالوا فى هذا الحديثِ: \"فأرَى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها إلَّا أتَيتُ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وتَحَلَّلتُها\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَكَمُ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الهَيثَمُ بنُ حُمَيدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن بُسرِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن ابنِ عائذٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ -عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-- قال: أفاءَ اللهُ على رسولِه إبِلًا ففَرَّقَها، فقالَ أبو موسَى الأشعَرِيُّ: أحْذِنِى (^٣). فقالَ: \"لا\". فقالَ له ثَلاثًا، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- \"لا (^٤) واللهِ لا أفعَلُ\". قال: وبَقِىَ أربَعٌ غُرُّ الذُّرَى فقالَ له: \"يا أبا موسَى خُذْهُنَّ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى استَحمَلتُكَ فمَنَعتَنِى وحَلَفتَ، فأشفَقتُ أن يَكونَ دَخَلَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهْمٌ. فقالَ: \"إنِّى إذا حَلَفتُ (^٥) فرأيتُ أنَّ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ أفضَلُ كَفَّرتُ عن يَمينِى وأتَيتُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن زنجويه فى الأموال (٩٠٢)، وأبو عوانة (٥٩٢٧) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به بتقديم الحنث على الكفّارة.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٩٨٧٤).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"أجدنى\". وأحذِنى: أى أعطِنى. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٣٥٨.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"على يمين\".","vol":"20","page":130},{"text":"الَّذِى هو أفضَلُ\" (^١). هَذا يُؤَكِّدُ رِوايَةَ مَن لَم يَشُكَّ فى حَديثِ حَمّادَ بنِ زَيدٍ.\n\n١٩٩٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الجُلُودِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو العباسِ الماسَرجِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ سَمُرَةَ، لا تَسألِ الإمارَةَ؛ فإِنَّكَ إن أُعطيتَها عن مَسألَةٍ وُكِلتَ إلَيها، وإِن أُعطيتَها عن (^٢) غَيرِ مسألةٍ أُعِنتَ عَلَيها، وإِذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ وائت الّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن أبى النُّعمانِ وحَجّاجٌ بنِ مِنهالٍ عن جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ على بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩٥٥)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٠١ من طريق الحكم بن موسى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٢٥: سنده جيد، لكن ابن عائذ لَمْ يدرك أبا الدرداء.\n(^٢) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٢٨)، والنسائي (٣٧٩٢) من طريق جرير به. وعند النسائي مقتصرًا على موضع الشاهد. وتقدم فى (١٩٩٧٢، ١٩٩٧٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٢/ ١٩)، والبخارى (٦٦٢٢، ٧١٤٦).","vol":"20","page":131},{"text":"ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الفَرجِ الأزرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّهمِيُّ يَعنِى عبدَ اللهِ بنَ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامُ بنُ حَسَّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِهِ (^١).\n\n١٩٩٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الوَرَّاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه وقالَ: \"فكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ وائتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهلُ بنُ بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه وقالَ: \"فكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ وأْتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ رَجاءٍ الأديبُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ البَغَوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ الأنماطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن يونُسَ وحُمَيدٍ وثابِتٍ وحَبيبٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩)، وأبو عوانة (٥٩١٢، ٥٩٣٧) من طريق هشام بن حسان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩١٣) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢٥٦٥) عن أبى مسلم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (٢٠٩٣) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به.","vol":"20","page":132},{"text":"١٩٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ التّاجِرُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ البَختَرِىِّ الحِنّائيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا المُعتَمِرُ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إذا حَلَفَ أحَدُكُم على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه وليَنظُرِ الّذِى هو خَيرٌ فليأتِه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مُعاذٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الأعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أنَّ نَبِىَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال له: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ\". فذَكَرَ مَعناه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ ثُمَّ ائتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" من وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ إلَّا أنَّه أحالَ بالرِّواياتِ على رِوايَةِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ عن الحَسَنِ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩١٤) من طريق المعتمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٢٧٨). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٧٩٣)، وأبو عوانة (٥٩١٨) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩). وتقدمت رواية جرير فى (١٩٩٨٠).","vol":"20","page":133},{"text":"وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى خَيرًا مِنها فليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه وليفعَلْ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطَّاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ، أنبأنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا حَلَفَ أحَدُكُم بيَمينٍ ثُمَّ رأى خَيرًا مِمّا حَلَفَ عَلَيه فليُكَفِّرْ يَمينَه وليَفعَلِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ مِنه\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ ذَرِيحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ فُضَيلٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٤٠٦٢)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٧٨، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٧٣٤)، والترمذى (١٥٣٠)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٤٧٢٢)، وابن حبان (٤٣٤٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٠/ ١٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩٢٥) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٥٠/ ١٤).","vol":"20","page":134},{"text":"الأَعْمَشِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن تَميمٍ الطّائيِّ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَلَفَ أحَدُكُم على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها، فليُكَفِّرْها وليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ طَريفٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ قال: أحاديثُ أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ وعَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ وأبِى هريرةَ -﵃- -قال الشيخُ: وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ- رَوى حَديثُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم ما دَلَّ على الحِنثِ قبلَ الكَفّارَةِ، وبَعضها ما دَلَّ على الكَفّارَةِ بعدَ (^٣) الحِنثِ (^٤)، وأكثَرُها قالوا: \"فليُكَفِّرْ يَمينَه وليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ\".\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: واحتِجاجُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ﵀ فى هذه المَسألَةِ بما:\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ (^٥) الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ: وإِن كَفَّرَ قبلَ الحِنثِ بإِطعامٍ رَجَوتُ أن يُجزِئَ عنه، وذَلِكَ أنّا نَزعُمُ أن للهِ تَعالَى حَقًّا على العِبادِ فى أنفُسِهِم وأموالِهِم،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٩٨٧٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥١/ ١٧).\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وعند أبى داود: \"قبل\".\n(^٤) أبو داود عقب (٣٢٧٨). وكتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: قوله: روى حديث كل واحد. هو من قول أبى داود، وقوله: وأكثرها. ليس فى روايتنا من سنن أبى داود\".\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"محمد\".","vol":"20","page":135},{"text":"فالحَقُّ الَّذِى فى أموالِهِم إذا قَدَّموه قبلَ مَحِلِّه أجزأَ، وأصلُ ذَلِكَ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- تَسَلَّفَ مِنَ العباسِ صَدَقَةَ عامٍ قبلَ أن يَدخُلَ، وأنَّ المُسلِمينَ قَد قَدَّموا صَدَقَةَ الفِطرِ قبلَ أن يَكونَ الفِطرُ، فجَعَلنا الحُقوقَ التى فى الأموالِ قياسًا على هَذا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد مَضَى الحَديثُ فى هذا فى كِتابِ الزَّكَاةِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٩٠ - وأخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ عليٍّ المُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ السِّمسارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سعيدٍ العَبدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الحَجَّاجِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن حُجَيَّةَ بنِ عَدِيٍّ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ، أن العباسَ بنَ عبدِ المُطلِبِ -﵁- سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فى تَعجيلِ صَدَقَتِه قبلَ أن تَحِلَّ، فرَخَّصَ له فى ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببغدادَ أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان رُبَّما كَفَّرَ يَمينَه قبلَ أن يَحنَثَ، ورُبَّما كَفَّرَ بعدَما يَحنَثُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٦٣.\n(^٢) تقدم تعجيل الزكاة فى (٧٤٣٩ - ٧٤٤٢)، وتعجيل صدقة الفطر فى (٧٤٤٤).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٧٤٤٠).\n(^٤) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٤٠٦٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٣٢) من طريق عبيد الله به مقتصرًا على أوله.","vol":"20","page":136},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4172>بابُ الإطعامِ فى كَفَّارَةِ اليَمينِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يُجزِئُ فى كَفَّارَةِ اليَمينِ مُدٌّ بمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أُتِىَ بعَرَقِ تَمرٍ فدَفَعَه إلَى رَجُلٍ وأمَرَه (^١) يُطعِمُه سِتِّينَ مِسكينًا، والعَرَقُ فيما يُقدَّرُ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا، وذَلِكَ سِتُّونَ مُدًّا، لِكلِّ مِسكينٍ مُدٌّ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُمَرَ عيسَى بنُ أبى عِمرانَ البَزّارُ بالرَّملَةِ، حَدَّثَنَا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهرِيُّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رَجُلًا جَاءَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ هَلَكتُ. قال: \"ويحَكَ وما ذاكَ؟ \". قال: وقَعتُ على أهلِى فى يَومٍ مِن رَمَضانَ. قال: \"فأعتِقْ رَقَبَةً\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: \"فصُمْ شَهرَينِ مُتَتابِعَينِ\". قال: ما أستَطيعُ. قال: \"فأطعِمْ سِتّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: ما أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بعَرَقٍ فيه تَمرٌ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا قال: \"خُذْه فتصَدَّقْ به\". قال: على أفقَرَ مِن أهلِى؟! فواللهِ ما بَينَ لابَتَىِ المَدينَةِ أحوَجُ مِن أهلِى. فضَحِكَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- حَتَّى بَدَت أنيابُه ثُمَّ قال: \"خُذْه واستَغفِرِ اللهَ وأطعِمْه أهلَكَ\". قال أبو الحَسَنِ، الدَّارَقُطنِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٦٤.","vol":"20","page":137},{"text":"الحافظُ ﵀: هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الهِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ عن الأوزاعِيِّ، وقَد مَضَى ذِكرُه فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ المُبارَكِ عن الأوزاعِيِّ، فجَعَلَ تَقديرَ العَرَقِ فى رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن حَديثِ مَنصورٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ، وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الصِّيامِ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٩٣ - وأمَّا (^٤) الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِيِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أتَى أعرابِيٌّ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ المُصيبِ أهلَه فى رَمَضانَ، قال عَطاءٌ: فسألتُ سعيدًا: كَم فى ذَلِكَ العَرَقِ؟ قال: ما بَينَ خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا إلَى عِشرينَ (^٥).\nفقَد قال الشَّافِعِىُّ: أكثَرُ ما قال سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ: مُدٌّ ورُبُعٌ، أو مُدٌّ وثُلُثٌ، وإِنَّما هذا شَكٌّ أدخَلَه ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ، والعَرَقُ كما وصَفتُ كان يُقَدَّرُ على خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٩٠. والحديث تقدم فى (٨١٢٧).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٩٨٧).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٨١٢٠).\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"الحديث\".\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٨١٤١).\n(^٦) الأم ٧/ ٦٤.","vol":"20","page":138},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: حَديثُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ مُنقَطِعٌ، وعَطاءٌ الخُراسانِيُّ غَيرُه أوثَقُ مِنْهُ (^١).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ: خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا. مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ:\n\n١٩٩٩٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأدَمِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ الواسِطيُّ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا الحَجَّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، وعن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَينا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ المَواقِعِ، قال فيه: قال: \"فأطعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسكينًا\". قال: لا أجِدُ. قال: فأُتِىَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بعَرَقٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ قال: \"خُذ هذا فأطعِمْه سِتِّينَ مِسكينًا\" (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ دَلُّويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن طَلقِ بنِ حَبيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ المواقِعِ، قال فيه: فأُتِىَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمِكتَلٍ فيه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ صاعًا مِن طَعامٍ يَكونُ سِتِّينَ رُبُعًا. قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٩٢١٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨١٣٨). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٢٨: حجاج وابن مسلمة تُكلِّمَ فيهما.","vol":"20","page":139},{"text":"\"اذهَبْ فتَصَدَّقْ بهَذا\" (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ الأَعْمَشِ عن طَلقٍ فى كِتابِ الظِّهارِ (^٢).\n\n١٩٩٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَي، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ أنَّه كان يقولُ: يُجزِئُ طَعامُ المَساكينِ فى كَفَّارَةِ اليَمينِ؛ مُدُّ حِنطَةٍ لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- كان يُكَفِّرُ عن يَمينِه بإِطعامِ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ، لِكُلِّ إنسانٍ مِنهُم مُدٌّ مِن حِنطَةٍ، وكانَ يُعتِقُ المَرَّةَ إذا وكَّدَ اليَمينَ (^٤).\n\n١٩٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الإسفَرايينِيُّ بها، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٠١) من طريق طلق به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥٣٨٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٦٩)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ١١٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣٢٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٩، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٥ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٤٠٧٠)، ومالك ٢/ ٤٧٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٨٦)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣٢٥) من طريق نافع به بنحوه. وعند ابن أبى شيبة دون ذكر العتق.","vol":"20","page":140},{"text":"ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ مُدٌّ مِن حِنطَةٍ رَيْعُه (^١) إدامُه (^٢).\nويُذكَرُ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ (^٣).\n\n١٩٩٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِيُّ قالا: أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىّ، حَدَّثَنِي يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن عَطاءٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ فى هذا المَسجِدِ يقولُ: ثَلاثَةُ أشياءَ فيهِنَّ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ: فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ، وفِى كَفّارَةِ الظِّهارِ، و﴿فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ﴾ (^٤) [البقرة: ١٨٤].\n\n٢٠٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ. حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أنَّه قال: ما أدرَكتُ النّاسَ إلَّا وهُم إذا أعطَوا فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ أعطَوا مُدًّا مِنَ الحِنطَةِ بالمُدِّ الأصغَرِ، ورأَوا أن ذَلِكَ مُجزِئٌ عَنهُم (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"ربعه\"، وفى الأصل بدون نقط، ومعنى \"ريعه إدامه\" أنه لا يلزمه مع المد إدام، وأن\nالزيادة التى تحصل من دقيق المد يشترى به الإدام. النهاية ٢/ ٢٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٤، ١٦٥ عن أبى بكر النيسابورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣٢٣) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٠٧٢) من طريق داود به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٧١).\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٥) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٤٥٤٥)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ٢٠ ظ - مخطوط)،\nوبرواية الليثى ٢/ ٤٨٠. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣٢٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"20","page":141},{"text":"٢٠٠٠١ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الغِطريفِ، أنبأنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَوضِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّهُما قالا فى الكَفّارَةِ: مُدُّ حِنطَةٍ أو مُدُّ شَعيرٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٠٢ - وأمَّا الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن شَقيقِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن يَسارِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: إنِّى أحلِفُ أَلَّا أعطىَ أقوامًا ثُمَّ يَبدو لى أن أُعطيَهُم، فإِذا رأيتَنى قَد فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ فأطعِمْ عَنِّى عَشَرَةَ مَساكينَ بَينَ كُلِّ مِسكينَينِ صاعًا مِن بُرٍّ أو صاعًا مِن تَمرٍ (^٢).\nفهَذا شَئٌ كان يَراه عُمَرُ، ولَعَلَّه كان يَستَحِبُّ أن يَزيدَ، ويُجزِئُ أقَلُّ مِنه بدَليلِ ما ذَكَرنا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4173>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ فى الشَّئِ لا يَفعَلُه مِرارًا</span>\n\n٢٠٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ المَدينِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشامٌ أبو الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي هِلالٌ الوَزَّان قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى لَيلَى قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ احمِلْنى. فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٨٠) من طريق قتادة عن الحسن وحده.\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٧٨٧ - تفسير)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٢١ من طريق أبى\nمعاوية به بنحوه. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣١٢) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":142},{"text":"واللهِ لا أحمِلُكَ. فقالَ: واللهِ لَتَحمِلَنِّى. قال: واللهِ لا أحمِلُكَ. قال: واللهِ لَتَحمِلَنِّى؛ إنِّى ابنُ سَبيلٍ قَد آدَت (^١) بى راحِلَتِى. فقالَ: واللهِ لا أحمِلُكَ. حَتَّى حَلَفَ نَحوًا مِن عِشرينَ يَمينًا. قال: فقالَ له رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ: ما لَكَ ولأميرِ المُؤمِنينَ؟! قال: واللهِ ليَحمِلَنِّى؛ إنِّى ابنُ سَبيلٍ قَد آدَت بى راحِلَتى. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: واللهِ لأحمِلَنَّكَ، ثُمَّ واللهِ لأحمِلَنَّكَ. قال: فحَمَلَه ثُمَّ قال: مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فرأى غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فليأتِ الَّذِى هو خَيرٌ وليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِهِ (^٢). قال عليُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: هذا حَديثٌ غَريبٌ، الكَفّارَةُ واحِدَةٌ.\nقال الشيخُ: لَيسَ ذَلِكَ ببَيِّنٍ فى الحَديثِ.\nويُذكَرُ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه أقسَمَ مِرارًا فكَفَّرَ كَفّارَةً واحِدَةً (^٣).\nورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- في تَوكيدِ اليَمينِ -وهو تَكريرُها فى الشَّئِ الواحِدِ- مَذهَبٌ آخَرُ:\n\n٢٠٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) آده الأمر أودًا: بلغ منه المجهود والمشقة. التاج ٧/ ٣٩٥ (أ ود).\n(^٢) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٧ - تفسير)، وابن زنجويه فى الأموال (٩٠٥) من طريق هلال الوزان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٦١) من طريق مجاهد به.","vol":"20","page":143},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- أنَّه كان يقولُ: مَن حَلَفَ بيَمينٍ فوَكَّدَها ثُمَّ حَنِثَ فعَلَيه عِتقُ رَقَبَةٍ أو كِسوَةُ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ، ومَن حَلَفَ بيَمينٍ فلَم يُوَكِّدْها فعَلَيه إطعامُ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ، لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ مُدٌّ مِن حِنطَةٍ، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ (^١)، ورِوايَةُ الشَّافِعِىِّ مُختَصَرَةٌ: مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فوَكَّدَها فعَلَيه عِتقُ رَقَبَةٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ظاهِرُ الكِتابِ ثُمَّ ظاهِرُ السُّنَّةِ ثُمَّ ما رُوِّينا فى هذا البابِ عن عُمَرَ وإِن كان مُرسَلًا لا يُفَرِّقُ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ بَينَ تَوكيدِ اليَمينِ وغَيرِ تَوكيدِها، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4174>بابُ ما يُجزِئُ مِنَ الكِسوَةِ فى الكَفَّارَةِ</span>\nوهو كُلُّ ما وقَعَ عَلَيه اسمُ كِسوَةٍ مِن عِمامَةٍ أو سَراويلَ أو إزارٍ أو مِقنَعَةٍ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩].\n\n٢٠٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن أبا موسَى الأشعَرِيَّ -﵁- حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ فكَفَّرَ وأمَرَ بالمَساكينِ فأُدخِلوا بَيتَ المالِ فأمَرَ بجَفنَةٍ مِن ثَريدٍ\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٣/ ٢٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٤٧٩، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨١٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ٥٧.","vol":"20","page":144},{"text":"فقُدِّمَتْ إلَيهِم فأكَلوا، ثُمَّ كَسا كُلَّ إنسانٍ مِنهُم ثَوبًا إمّا مُعَقَّدًا وإِمَّا ظَهرانيًّا (^١). قال الشيخُ: وكأنَّه لَم يَرَ الكَفَّارَةَ بما أعطاهُم مِنَ الثَّريدِ مُجزئةً فأعطَى كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم ثَوبًا.\nورُوِىَ عن زَهدَمٍ الجَرمِىِّ عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ أنَّه حَلَفَ فأعطَى عَشَرَةَ مَساكينَ عَشَرَةَ أثوابٍ، لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ ثَوبًا مِن مُعَقَّدِ هَجَرَ.\n\n٢٠٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَتّابُ بنُ بَشيرٍ، أنبأنا خُصَيفٌ، عن عَطاءٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ قالوا: لِكُلِّ مِسكينٍ ثَوبٌ، قَميصٌ أو إزارٌ أو رِداءٌ. فقُلتُ لِخُصَيفٍ: أرأيتَ إن كان موسِرًا؟ قال: أيَّ ذا فعَلَ فحَسَنٌ، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ هذه الخِصالَ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ. وذَكَرَ أنَّها فى قِراءَةِ أُبَيٍّ: (مُتَتابِعَةٍ) (^٢).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ: مُدٌّ مُدٌّ، والكِسوَةُ ثَوبٌ ثَوبٌ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الثوب المعقد: بُرْد من برود هجر. والثوب الظهرانى: ثوب يجاء به من مَرِّ الظهران. وقيل: هو منسوب إلى ظهران، قرية من قرى البحرين. النهاية ٣/ ١٦٧. والأثر عند سعيد بن منصور (٧٩٩ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٩٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٤٢ من طريق ابن سيرين به مقتصرين على موضع الشاهد.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه مالك ١/ ٣٠٥ مقتصرًا على قراءة أبي، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٣٩ دون ذكر الصيام.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠٨٥)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٣٩ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"20","page":145},{"text":"٢٠٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِيُّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا حَدَّثَه أنَّه سألَ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ عن رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ أنَّه لا يُصَلِّى فى مَسجِدِ قَومِه، فقالَ عِمرانُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\". فقُلتُ: يا أبا نُجَيدٍ، إنَّ صاحِبَنا لَيسَ بالموسِرِ فبِمَ يُكَفِّرُ؟ قال: لَو أن قَومًا قاموا إلَى أميرٍ مِنَ الأُمَراءِ وكَسا كُلَّ إنسانٍ مِنهُم قَلَنسوةً لَقالَ النّاسُ: قَد كَساهُم (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن سَلمانَ أنَّه قال: نِعمَ الثَّوبُ التُّبّانُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4175>بابُ ما يَجوزُ فى عِتقِ الكَفَّاراتِ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أُسامَةَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الحَكَمِ أنَّه قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ جاريَةً لِى كانَت تَرعَى غَنَمًا لى ففَقَدْتُ شاةً مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى الصغرى (٤١٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٥٥)، والنسائي (٣٨٥٥) من طريق عبد\nالوارث بن سعيد به بلفظ: \"لا نذر فى غضب، وكفارته كفارة يمين\". وعندهم جميعًا دون آخر\nالحديث. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٠٩٤).\n(^٢) التبان: سراويل إلى نصف الفخذ. تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين ١/ ١٢٠. والأثر أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٢٤).","vol":"20","page":146},{"text":"الغَنَمِ فسألتُها عَنها فقالَت: أكلَها الذِّئبُ. فأسِفتُ وكُنتُ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ فلَطَمتُ وجهَها، وعَلَيَّ رَقَبَةٌ أفأُعتِقُها؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أينَ اللهُ؟ \". فقالَت: هو فى السَّماءِ. فقالَ: \"مَن أنا؟ \". فَقالَت: أنتَ رسولُ اللهِ. قال: \"أعتِقْها\" (^١). كَذا قالَه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ.\nورَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِىِّ:\n\n٢٠٠٠٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِى أبي، حَدَّثَنَا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى مَيمونَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بنُ يَسارٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعاويَةُ بنُ الحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى الطِّيَرَةِ وفِى العُطاسِ فى الصَّلاةِ، قال: ثُمَّ اطَّلَعتُ غُنَيمَةً لِى تَرعاها جاريَةٌ لِى قِبَلَ أُحُدٍ والجَوّانيَّةِ (^٢)، فوَجَدتُ الذِّئبَ قَد أصابَ مِنها شاةً، وأنا رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى آدَمَ آسَفُ كما يأسَفونَ، فصَكَكتُها صَكَّةً، ثُمَّ انصَرَفتُ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأخبَرتُه فعَظَّمَ ذَلِكَ عليَّ. قال: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أفَلا أُعتِقُها؟ قال: \"بلى (^٣)، ائتِنِى بها\". قال: فجِئتُ بها رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لها: \"أينَ اللهُ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٣١) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (١٥٣٥٨).\n(^٢) الجوانية: موضع أو قرية قرب المدينة. معجم البلدان ٢/ ١٧٥.\n(^٣) فى م: \"بل\".","vol":"20","page":147},{"text":"قالَت: [اللهُ فى السَّماءِ] (^١). قال: \"فمَن أنا؟ \". فقالَت: أنتَ رسولُ اللهِ. قال: \"إنَّها مُؤمِنَةٌ فأعتِقْها\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأوزاعِىِّ دونَ قِصَّةِ الجاريَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بوَليدَةٍ سَوداءَ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّ (^٤) عليَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً، فإِن كُنتَ تَرَى هذه مُؤمِنَةً أُعتِقْها؟ فقالَ لها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أتَشهَدينَ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أتَشهَدينَ أن محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أفَتُوقِنينَ (^٥) بالبَعثِ بعدَ المَوتِ؟ \". قالَت: نَعَم. قال: \"أعتِقْها\" (^٦). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد قيلَ: عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ عن أبى هريرةَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"فى السماء\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (١٢١٧)، وابن حبان (٢٢٤٧) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وتقدم فى (١٥٣٥٩).\n(^٣) مسلم ٤/ ١٧٤٩ (٥٣٧) عقب (١٢١).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"إنى\".\n(^٥) فى س، م: \"أفتؤمنين\".\n(^٦) ذكره ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٥/ ٣٣٣ عن ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (١٥٣٦٣).\n(^٧) تقدم فى (١٥٣٦٠).","vol":"20","page":148},{"text":"وقَد قيلَ: عن عَونٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه، وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الظِّهارِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4176>بابُ ما جاءَ فى ولَدِ الزِّنا</span>\n\n٢٠٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطُّوسِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، أنبأنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَي، حَدَّثَنَا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرَانِيُّ وعُثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وزُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِه زادَ: قال: قال أبو هريرةَ: لَأن أُمَتِّعَ (^٣) بسَوطٍ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أُعتِقَ ولَدَ زِنيَةٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ العَنَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٥٣٦١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٣٠) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٨٠٩٨) من طريق سهيل به.\n(^٣) أمتع: أعطى. وكأن مراد أبى هريرة أن أجر إعتاق ولد الزنا قليل لأنَّ الغالب عليه الشر عادة. ينظر\nعون المعبود ٤/ ٥٢.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٤، ٢١٥، ٤/ ١٠٠. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٦٣) من طريق جرير به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٥٤).","vol":"20","page":149},{"text":"رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ولَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأنا الثَّورِيُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن جابانَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵄- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ ولَدُ زِنيَةٍ\" (^٢).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن مُجاهِدٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠١٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ شَقيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنٍ الزُّبَيرِ قال: بَلَغَ عائشةَ -﵂- أن أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لأن أُمَتِّعَ بسَوطٍ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن (^٤) أُعتِقَ ولَدَ الزِّنا\". وإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\". و: \"إِنَّ المَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ الحَيِّ\". فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: رَحِمَ اللهُ أبا هريرةَ، أساءَ سَمَعًا فأساءَ إجابَةً: \"لأنَّ أُمَتِّعَ بسَوطٍ فى سَبيلِ الله أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أُعتِقَ ولَدَ الزِّنا\". إنَّها لَمَّا نَزَلَت ﴿فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ (١١) وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ (١٢) فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ﴾ [البلد: ١١ - ١٣]. قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما عِندَنا ما نُعتِقُ، إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٥.\n(^٢) عبد الرزاق (١٣٨٥٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٨٩٢). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩١٥)، وابن حبان (٣٣٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي فى الكبرى (٤٩٢٢، ٤٩٢٤)، وأبو نعيم فى الحلية ٣/ ٣٠٧.\n(^٤) ليس فى: س، م.","vol":"20","page":150},{"text":"أن أحَدَنا له الجاريَةُ السَّوداءُ تَخدُمُه وتَسعَى عَلَيه فلَو أمَرناهُنَّ فزَنَينَ فجِئنَ بأولادٍ فأعتَقناهُم. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَأن أُمَتِّعَ بسَوطٍ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن آمُرَ بالزِّنا ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ الوَلَدَ\" وأمّا قَولُه: \"ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\". فلَم يَكُنِ الحَديثُ على هذا، إنَّما كان رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُنافِقينَ يُؤذِى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ \"مَن يَعذِرُنِى مِن فُلانٍ؟ \" قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنَّه مَعَ ما به ولَدُ الزِّنا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ\". واللهُ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤، والإسراء: ١٥، وفاطر: ١٨، والزمر: ٧]. وأمّا قَولُه: \"إنَّ المَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ ببُكاءِ الحَيِّ\". فَلَم يَكُنِ الحَديثُ على هذا، ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بدارِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ قَد ماتَ وأهلُه يَبكونَ عَلَيه فقالَ: \"إنَّهُم لَيَبكونَ عَلَيه، وإِنَّهُ لَيُعَذَّبُ\". واللهُ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا﴾ (^١) [البقرة: ٢٨٦]. سَلَمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأبرَشُ يَروِى مَناكيرَ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن أبى سُلَيمانَ الشَّامِىِّ -وهو بُردُ بنُ سِنانٍ- عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عائشةَ -﵂- مُرسَلًا فى إعتاقِ ولَدِ الزِّنا، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٠١٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف فى المعرفة (٥٩٧٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٥. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٩١٠) من طريق الحسن بن عمر به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) هو سلمة بن الفضل أبو عبد الله الأبرش. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٨٤، والجرح والتعديل ٤/ ١٦٨، ١٦٩، وضعفاء العقيلى ٢/ ١٥٠، وميزان الاعتدال ٢/ ١٩١، وتهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٣٠٥ - ٣٠٨. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٣١٨: صدوق كثير الخطأ.","vol":"20","page":151},{"text":"هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت فى ولَدِ الزِّنا: لَيسَ عَلَيه مِن وِزرِ أبَوَيه شَئٌ، ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾ (^١)، رَفَعَه بَعضُ الضُّعَفاءِ (^٢)، والصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٢٠٠١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ السَّلولِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثةِ إذا عَمِلَ بعَمَلِ أبَوَيه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ محمدٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُمَيَّةَ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حِبّانُ بنُ عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبى لَيلَي، عن داودَ بنِ عليٍّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ إذا عَمِلَ بعَمَلِ أبَوَيه\" (^٤). هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ، وما قَبلَه لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ.\nوإِنَّما يُروَى هذا الكَلامُ على الخَبَرِ مِن قَولِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ:\n\n٢٠٠١٩ - أخبَرَناه عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِيُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر فى الأوسط ٤/ ١٦١، والحاكم ٤/ ١٠٠ وصححه من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٧٠) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٤١٦٥) من طريق عباد بن العوام عن سفيان مرفوعًا. وقال: لَمْ يرفع هذا الحديث عن سفيان الثورى إلَّا عباد بن العوام.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (٧٦) من طريق إسحاق بن منصور به.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ٩٥٨. وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٠٦٧٤) من طريق ابن أبى ليلى به.","vol":"20","page":152},{"text":"حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن ولَدِ الزِّنا فقالَ: \"هو شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ\". قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى: إذا عَمِلَ بعَمَلِ والِدَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ الفَرّاءُ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا مسلمٌ المُلائِيُّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ولَدُ الزِّنا شَرُّ الثَّلاثَةِ؛ لأنَّ أبَوَيه يَتوبانِ.\n\n٢٠٠٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن رَجُلٍ عن الحَسَنِ قال: إنَّما سُمِّىَ ولَدُ الزَّانيَةِ شَرَّ الثَّلاثَةِ أنَّ أُمَّه قالَت له: لَستَ لأبيكَ الَّذِى تُدعَى به. فقَتَلَها فسُمِّىَ شَرَّ الثَّلاثَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4177>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إعتاقِ ولَدِ الزِّنا</span>\n\n٢٠٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن المَقبُرِيِّ، أنَّه سُئلَ أبو هريرةَ عن الرَّجُلِ يَكونُ عَلَيه الرَّقَبَةُ: هَل يُعتِقُ ابنَ زِنًا؟ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: نَعَم (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٩٠٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٠٠ من طريق أبى حذيفة به دون قول سفيان.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٦/ ٣ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٧٧.","vol":"20","page":153},{"text":"٢٠٠٢٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أعتَقَ ابنَ زِنًا وأُمَّه (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرٌو، أخبرَنِى الزُّبَيرُ بنُ موسَي، عن أُمِّ حَكيمٍ بنتِ طارِقٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت فى أولادِ الزِّنا: أعتِقوهُم وأحسِنوا إلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأَرْدَستانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ القُرَشِيِّ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- سُئلَ عن ولَدِ الزِّنا ووَلَدِ رِشدَةٍ فى العَتاقَةِ فقالَ: انظُرْ أكثَرَهُما ثَمَنًا. فوَجَدوا ولَدَ الزِّنا أكثَرَهُما ثَمَنًا بدينارٍ فأمَرَهُم بهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٢٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ عن يونُسَ عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يَرَى ولَدَ الزِّنا وغَيرَه فى العِتقِ سَواءً (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٦/ ٤ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٨٠.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٠٨. وعنده: القاسم بن أبى بزة. بدلًا من: الزبير بن موسى. وأخرجه عبد\nالرزاق عقب (١٦٨٤٦) عن سفيان. وعنده: عمر. بدلًا من: عمرو.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٦٨) من طريق ثور به مطولًا. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٨١٩) من طريق عمر بن عبد الرَّحمن القرشى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٦١٤٦) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":154},{"text":"٢٠٠٢٧ - وعن فِراسٍ عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: انظُرْ أكثَرَهُما ثَمَنًا (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن نافِعٍ قال: أعتَقَ ابنُ عُمَرَ غُلامًا له ولَدَ زِنًا (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَصرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه أعتَقَ ولَدَ زِنيَةٍ وقالَ: قَد أمَرَنا اللهُ ورسولُه -ﷺ- أن نَمُنَّ على مَن هو شَرٌّ مِنه، قال اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً﴾ (^٣) [محمد: ٤].\nورُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أنَّه كَرِهَه:\n\n٢٠٠٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنى عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو حَسَنٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحارِثِ -وكانَ مِن قُدَماءِ مَوالِى قُرَيشٍ وأهلِ العِلمِ مِنهُمُ والصَّلاحِ- أنَّه سَمِعَ امرأةً تَقولُ لِعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ تَستَفتيه فى غُلامٍ لها ابنِ زِنيَةٍ فى رَقَبَةٍ كانَت عَلَيها، قال لها عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نَوفَلٍ: لا أُراه يَقضِى الرَّقَبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٨١٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٦٩) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٦٣) عن ابن نمير به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٨٧٣) من طريق عبد الله به.\n(^٣) عزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ١٣/ ٣٥٢ للمصنف وابن مردويه. وينظر فتح البارى ١١/ ٦٠١.","vol":"20","page":155},{"text":"التى عَلَيكِ عِتقُ ابنِ زِنيَةٍ. قال عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نَوفَلٍ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ يقولُ: لأن أَحمِلَ على نَعلَينِ فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن أن أُعتِقَ ابنَ زِنيَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4178>بابُ التَّخييرِ بَينَ الإطعامِ والكِسوَةِ والعِتقِ، فمَن لَم يَجِدْ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ ابنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى آيَةِ كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ قال: هو بالخيارِ فى هَؤُلاءِ الثَّلاثِ الأُوَلِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ شَيئًا مِن ذَلِكَ فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ مُتَتابِعاتٍ (^٢).\nوفِى رِوايَةِ لَيثِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمٍ عن مُجاهِدٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: كُلُّ شَئٍ فى القُرآنِ أو أو فهو مُخَيَّرٌ، فإِذا كان: ﴿لَمْ يَجِدْ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٦، والنساء: ٩٢، والمائدة: ٨٩، والمجادلة: ٤] فهو الأوَّلُ الأوَّلُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٣٢ - أنبأنِى أبو عبدِ اللهِ إجازَةً، عن أبى الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤١٨. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٣٠٠٧) من طريق أبى صالح عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٧٩). وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٥٣ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٣) كتب فى حاشية الأصل ما نصه: \"قلت: معناه: فإذا لَمْ يكن فيه \"أو أو\". وإنما فيه \"فمن لم يجد ... فمن لم يجد\" فهو على الترتيب، الأول فالأول، والله أعلم. والأثر أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٨١٩٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥٨٣)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٣٩٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٦٧٣١) من طريق ليث به.","vol":"20","page":156},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَ الثَّلاثَةِ الأيّامِ فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ. قال أبو الوَليدِ: وغَيرُ هُشَيمٍ يقولُ: كانوا لا يَرَونَ بذَلِكَ بأسًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4179>بابُ التَّتابُعِ فى صَومِ الكَفّارَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن أبى العاليَةِ، عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ أنَّه كان يَقرأُ: (فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مُتَتابِعاتٍ) (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ يَعنِى ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ قَيسٍ المَكِّىِّ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أطوفُ مَعَ مُجاهِدٍ فجاءَ إنسانٌ يَسألُه عن صيامِ الكَفّارَةِ أيُتابَعُ؟ قال حُمَيدٌ: فقُلتُ: لا. فضَرَبَ مُجاهِدٌ فى صَدرِى وقالَ: إنَّها فى قِراءَةِ أُبَيٍّ: (مُتَتابِعاتٍ) (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٥٢ من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٩١)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢٧٧ - وصححه- من طريق أبى جعفر الرازى به.\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٧/ ٥ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثى ١/ ٣٠٥.","vol":"20","page":157},{"text":"أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أو طاوُسٍ قال إن شاءَ فرَّقَ، فقالَ له مُجاهِدٌ: فى قِراءَةِ عبدِ اللهِ: (مُتَتابِعَةٍ). قال: فهِىَ مُتَتابِعَةٌ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٣٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنِى حَجّاجٌ قال: سألتُ عَطاءً عن الصِّيامِ فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ، قال: إن شاءَ فرَّقَ. قُلتُ: فإِنَّها فى قِراءَةِ عبدِ اللهِ: (مُتَتابِعَةٍ). قال: إذن نَنقادَ لِكِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٣٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: فى قِراءَتِنا فى كَفّارَةِ اليَمينِ: (ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتابِعاتٍ) (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: رِوايَةُ ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ فى كِتابِى عن عَطاءٍ، وهو فى سائرِ الرواياتِ عن طاوُسٍ.\nويُذكَرُ عن الأَعْمَشِ أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يَقرأُ: (فصيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ مُتَتابِعاتٍ) (^٤). وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مَراسيلُ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٦ - تفسير) دون ذكر عطاء.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٥ - تفسير).\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٠٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٨٩)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٨/ ٦٥٢ من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦١٠٣).","vol":"20","page":158},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4180>جامِعُ الأَيْمانِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4181>بابُ مَن حَنِثَ ناسيًا ليَمينِه أو مُكرَهًا عَلَيه</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ﴾ [النحل: ١٠٦].\n\n٢٠٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المُرادِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ سابِقٍ الخَولانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَجاوَزَ اللهُ عن أُمَّتِى الخَطأَ والنِّسيانَ وما استُكرِهوا عَلَيه\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الرَّبيعِ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَجاوَزَ لِى\" (^١). كَذا قال فى أحَدِ المَوضِعَينِ عن أبى العباسِ عن بَحرٍ.\nوقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ عن أبى عبدِ اللهِ السّوسِىِّ وغَيرِه عن أبى العباسِ عن الرَّبيعِ (^٢). وهو أشهَرُ.\nورَواه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ المِصريّينَ وغَيرِهِم عن الرَّبيعِ وبِه يُعرَفُ.\nوتابَعَه على ذَلِكَ البوَيطىُّ والحُسَينُ بنُ أبى مُعاويَةَ.\nورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ فلَم يَذكُرْ فى إسنادِه عُبَيدَ بنَ عُمَيرٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٩٨ وصححه.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥١٩٥).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٥١٩٦).","vol":"20","page":159},{"text":"٢٠٠٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مُسَلَّمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ تَجاوَزَ عن أُمَّتِى ما حَدَّثَت به أنفُسَها وما أُكرِهوا عَلَيه إلَّا أن يَتَكلَّموا به أو يَعمَلوا به\" (^١). كَذا قال: عن أبى هريرةَ.\nوالظَّاهِرُ أن عَطاءً سَمِعَه مِنَ الوَجهَينِ جَميعًا، وهُما حَديثانِ يُؤَدِّى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ما قُصِدَ به مِنَ المَعنَي، وفيهِما معًا طَرحُ الإكراهِ.\nوقَد رَواه [زُرارةُ بنُ] (^٢) أوفَى عن أبى هريرةَ يَرفَعُه فى حَديثِ النَّفْسِ والوَسوَسَةِ بمَعناه (^٣)، وقَولُه: \"إِلَّا أن يَتَكَلَّموا بِهِ أو يَعمَلوا بِه\". يَرجِعُ إِلَى حَديثِ النَّفسِ دونَ الإكراهِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيَّانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ الحِمصِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا طَلاقَ ولا عَتاقَ فى إغلاقٍ\" (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٧١. وأخرجه النسائى (٣٤٣٣) من طريق حجاج بن محمد به دون ذكر الإكراه.\n(^٢) فى س: \"زرارة ابن أبى\"، وفى م: \"ابن أبى\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٣٩٢٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٥٠٠) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد (جد عبيد الله بن سعد) به. وتقدم فى (١٥١٩٨، ١٥١٩٩).","vol":"20","page":160},{"text":"فى \"السنن\" عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سَعدٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4182>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن حَلَفَ لَيَقضيَنَّ حَقَّه إلَى حينٍ، أو إلىَ زَمانٍ. وما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه لَيسَ له وقتٌ مَعلومٌ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، عن محمدِ بنِ مَعنٍ، سَمِعَ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ حُنَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: الحينُ سِتَّةُ أشهُرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: الحينُ قَد يَكونُ غُدوَةً وعَشيَّةً (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال: إنِّى حَلَفتُ ألَّا أُكَلِّمَ رَجُلًا حينًا. قال: ﴿تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٥]. قال: هِىَ النَّخلَةُ يَكونُ فيها حَملُها شَهرًا وشَهرَينِ، فنُرَى الحينَ شَهرَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢١٩٣). وحسنه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩١٩).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ١٣٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥٩٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٣/ ٦٤٣، وابن حزم فى المحلى ٨/ ٤٣٠ من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٠٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٣/ ٦٥٠، وابن حزم فى المحلى ٨/ ٤٣٠ =","vol":"20","page":161},{"text":"٢٠٠٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا زائدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ المهاجرِ (^١)، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: الحينُ سِتَّةُ أشهُرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ الغَسيلِ، أخبرَنِي عِكرِمَةُ قال: أرسَلَ إلَيَّ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ فقالَ: إنِّى حَلَفتُ ألَّا أصنَعَ حينًا كَذا وكَذا، فما الحينُ الَّذِى لا يُدرَكُ؟ قال: فقَرأ ﴿هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ حِينٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ﴾ [الإنسان: ١] ما يُدرَى كَم أتَى مُنذُ خَلَقَه اللهُ، وأمَّا الحينُ الَّذِى يُدرَكُ قَولُ اللهِ تَعالَى: ﴿تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ﴾ ما بَينَ صرامِ النَّخلِ إلَى ثَمَرِها (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهَّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ نَبَأَهُ بَعْدَ حِينٍ﴾ [ص: ٨٨] قال: بعدَ المَوتِ. ﴿وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا حَتَّى حِينٍ﴾ [الذاريات: ٤٣]: ثَلاثَةُ أيَّامٍ. وفِى قَولِه: ﴿تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٥]. قال: كُلَّ سَبعَةِ أشهُرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n= من طريق محمد بن مسلم به.\n(^١) فى س، م: \"المنهال\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٢١١.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٠١) من طريق معاوية بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٣/ ٦٤٩، ٦٥٠ من طريق ابن غسيل به. وتقدم فى (٧٥٨١) أن الصرام هو قطع الثمرة واجتناؤها.\n(^٤) أخرج الشطر الأول والثالث ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٠/ ١٥١ من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"20","page":162},{"text":"ويُذكَرُ عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه قال: الحينُ سَنةٌ.\n\n٢٠٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو حَفصٍ يَزيدُ بنُ كَيسانَ، سُئلَ طاوُسٌ وأنا عِندَه، عن رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ ألَّا يُكَلِّمَ رَجُلًا زَمانًا، قال: الزَّمانُ شَهرَينِ (^١) أو ثَلاثَةً ما لَم يوَقِّتْ أجَلًا (^٢).\nاختِلافُهُم فى الحينِ واختِلافُ مَعنَى الحينِ فى مَواضِعِه دَليلٌ على أنْ لَيسَ لِلحينِ غايَةٌ عِندَ الإطلاقِ، وكَذَلِكَ الزَّمانُ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4183>بابٌ: ما يُقَرِّبُ مِنَ الحِنثِ لا يَكونُ حِنثًا</span>\nاحتَجَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا فى ذَلِكَ بما:\n\n٢٠٠٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُجَشِّرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ الأحمَرُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا أخرُجُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ حَتَّى أُخبِرَكَ بآيَةٍ -أو: سورَةٍ- لَم تَنزِلْ على نَبِيٍّ بعدَ سُلَيمانَ غَيرِى\". قال: فمَشَى فتَبِعتُه حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى بابِ المَسجِدِ. قال: فأخرَجَ إحدَى رِجلَيه مِن أُسكُفَّةِ (^٣) المَسجِدِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ، وكتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفى المهذب ٨/ ٤٠٣٦، ومصدر التخريج:\n\"شهران\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب فى المتفق والمفترق (١٨٠١) من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٣) أسكفة الباب: عتبته السفلى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٤٨.","vol":"20","page":163},{"text":"وبَقِيَتِ الأُخرَى فى المَسجِدِ، فقُلتُ بَينِى وبَينَ نَفسِى: نَسِىَ. قال: فأقبَلَ علىَّ بوَجهِه قال: \"بأىِّ شَئٍ تَفتَتِحُ القُرآنَ إذا افتَتَحتَ الصَّلاةَ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: بـ ﴿بسم الله الرَّحمن الرَّحيم﴾ [الفاتحة: ١] قال: \"هِىَ هِىَ\". ثُمَّ خرَجَ (^١). إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4184>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ لا يأكُلُ خُبزًا بأُدُمٍ فأكَلَه بما يُعَدُّ أُدُمًا فى العادَةِ بما يُصطَبَغُ (^٢) به أولا يُصطَبَغُ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرٍو الحِيَرِىُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ شيرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"نِعمَ الإدامُ الخَلُّ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الدَّارِمِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ١/ ٣١٠ عن الحسين بن يحيى به. وابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٢٢٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن مجشر به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٦٢٥) من طريق يزيد بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) الاصطباغ: غمس اللقمة فى الإدام. ينظر التاج ٢٢/ ٥٢٢ (ص ب غ). والإدام عام فى المائع وغيره، وأما الصبغ فمختص بالمائع. المغرب ١/ ٣٣.\n(^٣) الدارميُّ (٢٠٩٣)، وعنه الترمذى عقب (١٨٤٠). وقال: حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه، لا نعرفه من حديث هشام بن عروة إلا من حديث سليمان بن بلال. ا. هـ. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٣١٦) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٥١/ ١٦٤).","vol":"20","page":164},{"text":"أبى بشرٍ، عن أبى سُفيانَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سألَ أهلَه الأُدُمَ فقالوا: ما عِندَنا إلا خَلٌّ. فدَعا به فجَعَلَ يأكُلُ مِنه ويَقولُ: \"نِعمَ الأُدُمُ الخَلُّ، نِعمَ الأُدُمُ الخَلُّ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَي، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ عائشةَ -﵄- (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِياثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى يَحيَى الأسلَمِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ الأعوَرِ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلَامٍ قال: رأيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أخَذَ كِسرَةً مِن خُبزِ شَعيرٍ فوَضَعَ عَلَيها تَمرَةً وقالَ: \"هذه إدامُ هذه\". فأكَلَها (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4185>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ لا يُكَلِّمُ رَجُلًا فأرسَلَ إلَيه رسولًا أو كَتَبَ إلَيه كِتابًا</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ [الشورى: ٥١]، وقالَ لِلمُؤمِنينَ فى المُنافِقينَ: ﴿قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٩٤] وإِنَّما نَبّأهُم مِن أخبارِهِم بالوَحىِ الَّذِى يَنزِلُ به جِبريلُ ﵇ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ويُخبِرُهُمُ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بوَحىِ اللهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٨٢١)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٦٦٨٩) من طريق أبى سفيان طلحة بن نافع به. وتقدم فى (١٤٧٣٩) من حديث جابر.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠٥٢/ ١٦٦، ٢٠٥١/ ١٦٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٨٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٦٠، ٣٨٣٠)، والترمذى في الشمائل (١٧٦) من طريق عمر بن حفص به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٠٨، ٨٢٦).","vol":"20","page":165},{"text":"قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مَن قال لا يَحنَثُ قال: إنَّ كَلامَ الآدَميّينَ لا يُشبِهُ كَلامَ الله؛ كَلامُ الآدَميّينَ بالمواجَهَةِ، ألا تَرَى أنَّه لَو هَجَرَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا كانَتِ الهِجرَةُ مُحَرَّمَةً عَلَيه فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه أو أرَسَلَ إلَيه (^١) وهو يَقدِرُ على كَلامِه، لَم يُخرِجْه هذا مِن هِجرَتِه التى يأثَمُ بها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَزيدَ اللَّيثِيِّ، عن أبى أيُّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ يَرويه: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِمُسلِمٍ أن يَهجُرَ أخاه فوقَ ثَلاثَةٍ، يَلتَقيانِ فيَصُدُّ هذا ويَصُدُّ هذا، وخَيرُهُما الَّذِى يَبْدأُ بالسَّلامِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ هِلالٍ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِمُؤمِنٍ أن يَهجُرَ مُؤمِنًا فوقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أيَّامٍ، فإِذا مَرَّ ثَلاثٌ لَقِيَه\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"رسولا\".\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٨٠.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٦١٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٢٣). وأخرجه البخاري (٦٠٧٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩١١)، والترمذى (١٩٣٢)، وابن حبان (٥٦٦٩، ٥٦٧٠) من طرق عن الزهرى به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٠/ ٢٥).","vol":"20","page":166},{"text":"فسَلَّمَ عَلَيه، فإن رَدَّ (^١) فقَدِ اشتَرَكا فى الأجرِ، وإِن لَم يَرُدَّ عَلَيه فقَد بَرِئَ المُسَلِّمُ مِنَ الهِجرَةِ وصارَتْ على صاحِبِه\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4186>بابُ مَن حَلَفَ ما له مالٌ ولَه عَرْضٌ أو عَقارٌ أو حَيَوانٌ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ الدّورِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى قالا: حَدَّثَنَا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نَعامَةَ العَدَوِىُّ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ بُدَيلٍ، عن إياسِ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، عن سُوَيدِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ مالِ المَرءِ مُهرَةٌ مأمورَةٌ أو سِكَّةٌ مأبورَةٌ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الدّورِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يَقولُ (^٣).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: \"سِكَّةٌ\". يقولُ: هِىَ المُصطَفَّةُ مِنَ النَّخلِ، وأمّا المأبورَةُ فإِنَّها التى قَد لُقِّحَتْ، وأمّا المُهرَةُ المأمورَةُ فإِنَّها الكَثيرَةُ النِّتاجِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4187>بابٌ: مَن حَلَفَ لَيَضرِبَنَّ عبدَه مِائَةَ سَوطٍ فجَمَعَها فضَرَبَه بها لَم يَحنَثْ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بقَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَخُذْ بِيَدِكَ ضِغْثًا فَاضْرِبْ بِهِ وَلَا تَحْنَثْ﴾ [ص: ٤٤].\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"رده\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٦١٩٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩١٢) من طريق محمد بن هلال به. وضعفه الألباني فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٥١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٨٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٨٤٥)، والطبرانى (٦٤٧١) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وقال الهيثمى في المجمع ٥/ ٢٥٨: ورجال أحمد ثقات.\n(^٤) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٣٤٩، ٣٥٠.","vol":"20","page":167},{"text":"٢٠٠٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الهَمْدانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو أُمامَةَ ابنُ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه بَعضُ أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الأنصارِ أنَّه اشتَكَى رَجُلٌ مِنهُم حَتَّى أضنَى فعادَ جِلدَةً على عَظمٍ، فدَخَلَت عَلَيه جاريَةٌ لِبَعضِهِم فهَشَّ (^١) لها فوَقَعَ عَلَيها. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه. قال: فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يأخُذوا له مِائَةَ شِمراخٍ فيَضرِبوه بها ضَربَةً واحِدَةً (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن عَطاءٍ قال: جاءَه رَجُلٌ وأنا عِندَه فقالَ: إنِّى حَلَفتُ ألا أكسوَ أهلِى حَتَّى أقِفَ بعَرَفَةَ. وذاكَ فى غَيرِ أيَّامِ الحَجِّ، فقالَ عَطاءٌ: اذهَبْ فقِفْ واكسُ أهلَكَ. فقيلَ لِعَطاءٍ: إنَّما نَوَى الحَجَّ. فقالَ عَطاءٌ: أرأيتَ أيّوبَ ﵇ حينَ حَلَفَ لَيَضرِبَنَّ أهلَه، حَلَفَ لَيَضرِبَنَّها بِضِغثٍ؟ إنَّما القُرآنُ أمثالٌ وعِبَرٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4188>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أنَّه يُحَلِّلُ يَمينَه بأدنَى ضَربٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) هش: ارتاح وخف. عون المعبود ٤/ ٢٧٥.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٤٧٢). وأخرجه ابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٨١٧) من طريق يونس به. وصححه الألباني فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٧٥٤)، وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٧٠٩١).","vol":"20","page":168},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَموتُ لأحَدٍ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الوَلَدِ فتَمَسَّه النّارُ إلا تَحِلَّةَ القَسَمِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: نُرَى قَولَه: \"تَحِلَّةَ القَسَمِ\". يَعنِى قَولَ اللهِ ﵎: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَقْضِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٧١]. يقولُ: فلا يَرِدُها إلا بقَدرِ ما يُبِرُّ (^٣) اللهُ قَسَمَه فيه، وفيه أنَّه أصلٌ لِلرَّجُلِ يَحلِفُ لَيَفعَلنَّ كَذا (^٤) ثُمَّ يَفعَلُ مِنه شَيئًا دونَ شَئٍ يَبَرُّ فى يَمينِهِ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: يَعنى يَفعَلُ ما يَقَعُ عَلَيه الاسمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4189>بابُ الحَلِفِ على التّأويلِ فيما بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ تَعالَى</span>\n\n٢٠٠٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ أظُنُّه قال: حدثنا إسرائيلُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أنبأنا إسرائيلُ، عن إبراهيمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٢٦٣٢/ ١٥٠) من طريق مالك به. وتقدم فى (٧٢١٥، ١٣٥٨٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٥٦).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"يجرى\".\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"وكذا\".\n(^٥) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٦، ١٧.","vol":"20","page":169},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن جَدَّتِه، عن أبيها سُوَيدِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- ومعنا وائلُ بنُ حُجرٍ فلَقِيَه قَومٌ هُم له عَدوٌّ، فأبَى القَومُ أن يَحلِفوا، وتَقَدَّمتُ فحَلَفتُ أنَّه أخِى، فلَمّا أتَينا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ القَومَ أبَوا أن يَحلِفوا، وتَقَدَّمتُ فحَلَفتُ أنَّه أخِى. قال: \"صَدَقتَ، المُسلِمُ أخو المُسلِمِ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ. وحَديثُ الزُّبَيرِىِّ بمَعناه مُختَصَرٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4190>بابٌ: اليَمينُ على نيَّةِ المُستَحلِفِ فى الحُكوماتِ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ ومُحَمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالا: حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ أخو سُهَيلٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَمينُكَ على ما يُصَدِّقُكَ به صاحِبُكَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيىَ بنِ يَحيَى وعَمرٍو النّاقِدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٦٠ - وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٨٧). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٥٦) من طريق أبى أحمد الزبيرى به. وأحمد (١٦٧٢٦)، وابن ماجه (٢١١٩) من طريق إسرائيل به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٩١).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٨٨). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٥٥) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (٧١١٩)، والترمذى (١٣٥٤)، وابن ماجه (٢١٢١) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٥٣/ ٢٠).","vol":"20","page":170},{"text":"أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما اليَمينُ على نيَّةِ المُستَحلِفِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4191>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ شَيئًا مِن مالِه صَدَقَةً أو فى سَبيلِ اللهِ أو فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ على مَعانِى الأيمانِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والَّذِى يَذهَبُ إلَيه عَطاءٌ أنَّه يُجزئُه مِن ذَلِكَ كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ، ومَن قال هذا القَولَ قالَه فى كُلِّ ما حُنِثَ فيه سِوَى عِتقٍ أو طَلاقٍ، وهو مَذهَبُ عائشةَ -﵂-، ومَذهَبُ عَدَدٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ورَضِىَ عَنهُم (^٣).\n\n٢٠٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ مالَه فى المَساكينِ صدَقَةً، قالَت: كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٨٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٧١٩)، وعنه ابن ماجه (٢١٢٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٥٣/ ٢١).\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٩ من طريق عطاء عن عائشة مرفوعًا بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":171},{"text":"يَحيَى يَعنى ابنَ سعيدٍ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عبدِ الدّارِ، عن أُمِّه صَفيَّةَ أنَّها سَمِعَت عائشةَ -﵂- وإِنسانٌ يَسألُها عن الَّذِى يقولُ: كُلُّ مالٍ له فى سَبيلِ اللهِ. أو: كُلُّ مالٍ له فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ. ما يُكَفِّرُ ذَلِكَ؟ قالَت عائشَةُ: يُكَفِّرُه ما يُكَفِّرُ اليَمينَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٦٣ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن مَنصورِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أُمِّه صَفيَّةَ بنتِ شَيبَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن رَجُلًا أوِ امرأةً سألَتها عن شَئٍ كان بَينَها وبَينَ ذِى قَرابَةٍ لها فحَلَفَت إن كَلَّمَتْه فمالُها فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: يُكَفِّرُه ما يُكَفِّرُ اليَمينَ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأرْدَستانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا أبو شُعَيبٍ الحَرّانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ البَصرِىُّ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أخوَينِ مِنَ الأنصارِ كان بَينَهُما ميراثٌ فسألَ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه القِسمَةَ، فقالَ: لَئن عُدتَ تَسألُنِى القِسمَةَ لَم أُكَلِّمْكَ أبَدًا، وكُلُّ مالٍ لِى فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ. فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٩٢). وأخرجه أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣٢٤، والمزنى فى\nالمختصر ص ٢٩٨ من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٨٨) عن سفيان الثورى به بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":172},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁-: إنَّ الكَعبَةَ لَغَنيَّةٌ عن مالِكَ، كَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ وكَلِّمْ أخاكَ؛ فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَمينَ عَلَيكَ ولا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ الرَّبِّ، ولا فى قَطيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ، ولا فيما لا تَملِكُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، أنبأنا إياسُ بنُ أبى تَميمَةَ أبو مَخلَدٍ صاحِبُ البَصرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه كان مَملوكًا لابنَةِ عَمِّ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فحَلَفَت أنَّ مالَها فى المَساكينِ صَدَقَةٌ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: كَفِّرِى يَمينَكِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٦٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حَدَّثَنِى مَحمودٌ، عن النَّضرِ، أنبأنا أشعَثُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وعائشَةَ وأُمِّ سلمةَ قالوا: تُكَفِّرُ يَمينَها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٦٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدٌ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن زَينَبَ امرأةٍ مِنَ المُهاجِراتِ وعَبدِ الله بنِ عُمَرَ وحَفصَةَ بنتِ عُمَرَ نَحوَه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٩٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٧٢)، وابن حبان (٤٣٥٥) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧١٣).\n(^٢) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٣٥، ٥/ ٢٨١.","vol":"20","page":173},{"text":"٢٠٠٦٨ - وعن حَمّادٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٦٩ - وعن حَمّادٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا الأشعَثُ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ أنَّه كان بَينَه وبَينَ امرأةٍ له شَئٌ فحَلَفَت مَولاةٌ له (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىُّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أنَّ مَولاتَه أرادَت أن تُفَرِّقَ بَينَه وبَينَ امرأتِه، فقالَت: هِىَ يَومًا يَهوديَّةٌ ويَومًا نَصرانيَّةٌ، وكُلُّ مَملوكٍ لها حُرٌّ، وكُلُّ مالٍ لها فى سَبيلِ اللهِ، وعَلَيها المَشىُ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ، إنْ لَم تُفَرِّقْ بَينَهُما. فسألَتْ عائشةَ -﵂- وابنَ عُمَرَ وابنَ عباسٍ وحَفصَةَ وأُمَّ سلمةَ، فكُلُّهُم قال لها: أتُريدينَ أن تَكونِى مِثلَ هاروتَ وماروتَ؟ وأمَروها أن تُكَفِّرَ يَمينَها وتُخَلِّىَ بَينَهُما (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ الأنصارِىِّ، وحَديثُ رَوحٍ مُختَصَرٌ ولَم يَذكُرْ حَفصَةَ.\n\n٢٠٠٧١ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٣٥.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٣.","vol":"20","page":174},{"text":"علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو هِلالٍ، حدثنا غالِبٌ، عن بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبى رافِعٍ قال: قالَت مَولاتِى: لأفرِّقَنَّ بَينَكَ وبَينَ امرأتِكَ، وكُلُّ مالٍ لها فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ، وهِىَ يَومًا يَهوديَّةٌ ويَومًا نَصرانيَّةٌ ويَومًا مَجوسيَّةٌ إن لَم تُفَرِّقْ بَينَكَ وبَينَ امرأتِكَ. قال: فانطَلَقتُ إلَى أُمِّ المُؤمِنينَ أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- فقُلتُ: إنَّ مَولاتِى تُريدُ أن تُفَرِّقَ بَينِى وبَينَ امرأتِى. فقالَتِ: انطَلِقْ إلَى مَولاتِكَ فقُل لها: إنَّ هذا لا يَحِلُّ لَكِ. فرَجَعتُ إلَيها (^١)، ثُمَّ أتَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فأخبَرتُه فجاءَ حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى البابِ فقالَ: ها هُنا هاروتُ وماروتُ؟ فقالَت: إنِّى جَعَلتُ كُلَّ مالٍ لِى فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ. قال: فما تأكُلينَ؟ قالَت: وقُلتُ: وأنا يَومًا يَهوديَّةٌ ويَومًا نَصرانيَّةٌ ويَومًا مَجوسيَّةٌ. فقالَ: إن تَهَوَّدتِ قُتِلتِ، وإِن تنَصَّرتِ قُتِلتِ، وإِن تَمَجَّستِ قُتِلتِ. فقالَت: فما تأمُرُنِى؟ قال: تُكَفِّرِى (^٢) يَمينَكِ وتَجمَعِين (^٣) بَينَ فتاكِ وفَتاتِكِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّرَخْسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٣.\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ.\n(^٣) فى م: \"وتجمعى\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٤. وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤٣٥ من طريق محمد بن سليم (أبى هلال) به مختصرًا.","vol":"20","page":175},{"text":"بكرُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، أن لَيلَى بنتَ العَجماءِ مَولاتَه قالَت: هِىَ يَهوديَّةٌ وهِىَ نَصرانيَّةٌ، وكُلُّ مَملوكٍ لها (^١) مُحَرَّرٌ، وكُلُّ مالٍ لها هَدىٌ إن لَم يُطَلِّقِ امرأتَه، إن لَم تُفَرِّقْ بَينَكُما (^٢). فأتَى زَينَبَ فانطَلَقَتْ مَعَه فقالَت: ههُنا هاروتُ وماروتُ؟ قالَت: قَد عَلِمَ اللهُ ما قُلتُ، كُلُّ مالٍ لِى هَدىٌ، وكُلُّ مَملوكٍ لِى مُحَرَّرٌ، وهِىَ يَهوديَّةٌ وهِىَ نَصرانيَّةٌ. قالَت: خَلِّى بَينَ الرَّجُلِ وامرأتِه. قال: فأتَيتُ حَفصةَ فأرسَلَتْ إلَيها كما قالَت زَينَبُ، قالَت: خَلِّى (^٣) بَينَ الرَّجُلِ وامرأتِه. فأتَيتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ فجاءَ مَعِى فقامَ بالبابِ فلَمّا سَلَّمَ قالَت: بأبِى أنتَ وأبوكَ. قال: أمِن حِجارَةٍ انتِ أم مِن حَديدٍ؟! أتَتكِ زَينَبُ وأرسَلَت إلَيكِ حَفصَةُ. قالَت: قَد حَلَفتُ بكَذا وكَذا. قال: كَفِّرِى عن يَمينِكِ وخَلِّى بَينَ الرَّجُلِ وامرأتِهِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا فى غَيرِ العِتقِ، فقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أن العَتاقَ يَقَعُ، وكَذَلِكَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٥)، وكأنَّ الرَّاوِىَ قَصَّرَ بنَقلِه فى رِوايَةِ بكرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أو لَم يَكُنْ لها فى الوَقتِ مَملوكٌ فلَم يَتَعَرَّضوا له، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: م، وقال فى حاشية الأصل: \"صوابه: لها\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"بينها\".\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"خلِّ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٠١٣) من طريق سليمان التيمى بنحوه عن ابن عمر وحده.\n(^٥) ينظر ما سيأتى فى (٢٠٠٨١).","vol":"20","page":176},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ خُشكَنانَةُ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ موسَى الخَتِّىُّ (^١)، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا حَبيبٌ، عن العَوّامِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ وعائشَةُ -﵄- فى الرَّجُلِ يَحلِفُ بالمَشىِ، أو مالُه فى المَساكينِ، أو فى رِتاجِ الكَعبَةِ: إنَّها يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُها إطعامُ عَشَرَةِ مَساكينَ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّافِعِىَّ وسألَه رَجُلٌ عن المَشىِ فحَنِثَ (^٣) بالمَشىِ إلَى الكَعبَةِ، فأفتاه بكَفّارَةِ يَمينٍ، فقالَ له الرَّجُلُ: بهَذا تَقولُ يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ؟ فقالَ: هذا قَولُ مَن هو خَيرٌ مِنِّى. قال: مَن هو؟ قال: عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٧٤ - أخبرَناه أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينىُّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ يَعنى ابنَ سعيدٍ، حدثنا هَيثَمٌ يَعنِى ابنَ خارِجَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا مَنصورٌ عن الحَسَنِ، وحَجّاجٌ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّهُما قالا فيمَن قال: هو مُحرِمٌ بحَجَّةٍ. فحَنِثَ: فيه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ (^٥).\nقال الشيخُ: ومَن قال بهَذا القَولِ يُشبِهُ أن يَحتَجَّ بما:\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"الخنب\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٣٢٥.\n(^٢) ينظر أثر عائشة فى مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٤٦٧).\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"لعله: وحنث\"\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٢٧)، والأم ٧/ ٦٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥٢٥) من طريق آخر عن حجاج بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":177},{"text":"٢٠٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بنُ شُجاعِ بنِ الوَليدِ وأحمَدُ بنُ عيسَى ويونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى قالوا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن كَعبِ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَفّارَة النَّذرِ كَفّارَةُ اليَمينِ\". سَقَطَ مِن رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ: أبو الخَيرِ، فلَم يُذكَرْ فى إسنادِه (^١)، رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وأحمَدَ بنِ عيسَى ويونُسَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٩٤)، وفى المعرفة (٥٨٢٥). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٨٤١) من طريق ابن وهب به، وليس فيه: أبو الخير. وأحمد (١٧٣١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٣٢٣)، والترمذى (١٥٢٨) من طرق عن كعب بن علقمة به. وعند الترمذى زيادة: إذا لم يُسَمَّ. وقال الألبانى فى الإرواء (٢٥٨٦): والحديث صحيح دون قوله: إذا لم يُسَمَّ.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٥/ ١٣).","vol":"20","page":178},{"text":"عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ المَخزومِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّما النَّذرُ ما ابتُغِىَ به وجهُ اللهِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4192>بابُ الخِلافِ فى النَّذرِ الَّذِى يُخرِجُه مُخرَجَ اليَمينِ</span>\nقَد مَضَى قَولُ عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ ومَن قال مِثلَ قَولِه مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- فى أنَّه يَمينٌ يُكَفِّرُه ما يُكَفِّرُ اليَمينَ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد قال غَيرُه: يَتَصَدَّقُ بجَميعِ ما يَملِكُ. إلا أنَّه قال: ويَحبِسُ قَدرَ ما يَقوتُه، فإِذا أيسَرَ تَصَدَّقَ بالَّذِى حَبَسَ. وذَهَبَ غَيرُه إلَى أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بثُلُثِ مالِه، وغَيرُه إلَى أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بالزَّكاةِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا المَذهَبُ الأوَّلُ فَيُحكَى عن بَعضِ العِراقيّينَ، وأمّا الثّانِى فهو مَذهَبُ مالكٍ، واحتَجَّ بَعضُ مَن ذَهَبَ مَذهَبَه بما:\n\n٢٠٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى بَعضُ بَنِى السّائبِ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ أن أبا لُبابَةَ حينَ ارتَبَطَ فتابَ اللهُ عَلَيه قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ مِن تَوبَتى أن أهجُرَ دارَ قَومِى التى أصَبتُ فيها\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٢١٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به مطولًا. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩١٨). وسيأتى فى (٢٠١١٦).\n(^٢) ينظر الباب السابق.\n(^٣) الأم ٢/ ٢٥٤.","vol":"20","page":179},{"text":"الذَّنبَ وأُجاوِرَكَ، واْن أنخَلِعَ مِن مالِى صَدَقَةً إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُجزِئُ عَنكَ الثُّلُثُ مِن مالِكَ\" (^١).\nورَواه مالكٌ فى \"الموطأ\" عن عثمانَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن أبا لُبابَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ الوَليدِ الزُّبَيدِىُّ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُسَينِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ، أن جَدَّه حَدَّثَه أن أبا لُبابَةَ حينَ تابَ اللهُ عَلَيه. فذَكَرَه، وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الزَّكاةِ (^٣).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ أبى حَفصَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُسَينِ بنِ السّائبِ بنِ أبى لُبابَةَ عن أبيه (^٤).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن حُسَينِ بنِ السّائبِ أو غَيرِه نَحوَه (^٥).\n\n٢٠٠٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- -أو أبو لُبابَةَ، أو مَن شاءَ اللهُ-: إنَّ مِن تَوبَتى أن أهجُرَ دارَ قَومِى التى أصَبتُ فيها (^٦)، وأن أنخَلِعَ مِن مِلكِى كُلِّه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٢٨٦ من طريق يونس به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٨٩٨)، والطبرانى (٤٥١٠) من طريق الزهرى من حديث أبى لبابة.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٨١.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٧٨٥٢).\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٧٨٥٢).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٣٨٦ من طريق محمد بن أبى حفصة به.\n(^٦) بعده فى م: \"الذنب\".","vol":"20","page":180},{"text":"صَدَقَةً. قال: \"يُجزِئُ عَنكَ الثُّلُثُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُتَوَكِّلِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان أبو لُبابَةَ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٢). قال أبو داودَ: والقِصَّةُ لأبِى لُبابَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هو بهَذا اللَّفظِ فى قِصَّةِ أبى لُبابَةَ، فأمّا ما قال لِكَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ فغَيرُ مُقَدَّرٍ بالثُّلُثِ:\n\n٢٠٠٨٠ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ تيبَ عَلَيه: يا رسولَ اللهِ إنِّى أُريدُ أن أنخَلِعَ مِن مالِى صَدَقَةً إلَى اللهِ ورسولِه. فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أمسِكْ بَعضَ مالِكَ، فهو خَيرٌ لَكَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ صالِحٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\nوقيلَ: عن ابنِ وهبٍ عن يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٣١٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٤١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٢٠)، وعبد الرزاق فى التفسير ١/ ٢٨٦ دون ذكر ابن كعب.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٣٢٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى (٣٨٣٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٤٦٧٦).","vol":"20","page":181},{"text":"ابنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ عن أبيهِ (^١).\nوهَذا حَديثٌ صَحيحٌ، والأوَّلُ مُختَلَفٌ فى إسنادِه ولا يَثبُتُ مَوصولًا، ولا يَصِحُّ الاحتِجاجُ به فى هذه المَسألَةِ، فأبو لُبابَةَ إنَّما أرادَ أن يَتَصَدَّقَ بمالِه شُكرًا للهِ تَعالَى حينَ تابَ (^٢) عَلَيه، فأمَرَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يُمسِكَ بَعضَ مالِه كما قال لِكَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، ولَم يَبلُغْنا أنَّه نَذَرَ شَيئًا أو حَلَفَ على شَئٍ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوأمّا المَذهَبُ الثّالِثُ ففيما:\n\n٢٠٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ على الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى حاضِرٍ قال: حَلَفَتِ امرأةٌ مِن آلِ ذِى أصبَحَ فقالَت: مالُها فى سَبيلِ اللهِ وجاريَتُها حُرَّةٌ إن لَم تفعَلْ (^٣) كَذا وكَذا. لِشَئٍ يَكرَهُه زَوجُها، فحَلَفَ زَوجُها ألَّا تَفعَلَه (^٤)، فسُئلَ عن ذَلِكَ ابنُ عباسٍ وابنُ عُمَرَ -﵃- فقالا: أمّا الجاريَةُ فتَعتِقُ، وأمّا قَولُها: مالِى فى سَبيلِ اللهِ. فتَصَّدَّقُ بزَكاةِ مالِها (^٥). كَذا فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٤٤٦٩).\n(^٢) فى م: \"تاب الله\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"يفعل\".\n(^٤) فى م: \"يفعله\".\n(^٥) عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٩٨).","vol":"20","page":182},{"text":"وقَد رُوِّينا عن ابنِ عباسٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ -﵃- ما دَلَّ على جَوازِ التَّكفيرِ (^١)، فاللهُ أعلمُ.\nورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى مَعناه مَذهَبٌ آخَرُ:\n\n٢٠٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ هو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الجوَيريَةِ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسِ -﵄- -عن رَجُلٍ: عَلَيه مِائَةُ بَدَنَةٍ إن كَلَّمَ أخاه- قال: يُهدِى ثَلاثينَ (^٢)، ويُكَلِّمُ أخاه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4193>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: أصلُ مَعقولِ قَولِ عَطاءٍ فى هذا أنَّه ذَهَبَ إلَى أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ عَلَيه قَضاؤه (^٣) ولا كَفّارَةٌ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما أبطَلَ اللهُ النَّذرَ فى البَحيرَةِ والسّائبَةِ أنَّها مَعصيَةٌ، ولَم يَذكُرْ فى ذَلِكَ كَفّارَةً، وبِذَلِكَ جاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢٠٠٦٦).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"بدنة\".\n(^٣) فى م، والأم: \"قضاء\".\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٦٨.","vol":"20","page":183},{"text":"أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ الأيلِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ورَضِىَ عَنها، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال:\"مَن نَذَرَ أن يُطيعَ اللهَ فليُطِعْه، ومَن نَذَرَ أن يَعصِىَ اللهَ فلا يَعصِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ وأبِى نُعَيمٍ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ وعَبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبى تَميمَةَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ\". قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وكانَ فى حَديثِ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىِّ بهَذا الإسنادِ أن امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ نَذَرَت وهَرَبَت على ناقَةٍ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إن نَجّاها اللهُ عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- هذا القَولَ وأخَذَ ناقَتَه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَم يأمُرْها أن تَنحَرَ مِثلَها ولا تُكَفِّرَ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فبِذَلِكَ نَقولُ أنَّ مَن نَذَرَ تَبَرُّرًا أن يَنحَرَ مالَ غَيرِه\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٢/ ٢٥٥، ٦/ ١٩٠، ٧/ ٦٨، والموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٨ ظ- مخطوط)، وتقدم فى (١٨٨٨٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٩٦، ٦٧٠٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٨٢٩٠، ١٨٨٨٦).\n(^٤) الأم ٢/ ٢٥٦، ٧/ ٦٨.","vol":"20","page":184},{"text":"فالنَّذرُ ساقِطٌ عنه، ومَن نَذَرَ ما لا يُطيقُ أن يَعمَلَه بحالٍ سَقَطَ النَّذرُ عنه؛ لأنَّه لا يَملِكُ أن يَعمَلَه، فهو كما لا يَملِكُ ما سِواه (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ عائذٍ الطّائىُّ قال: قُلتُ لِلشَّعبِىِّ: رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أن يَنحَرَ ابنَه. فقالَ: لَعَلَّكَ مِنَ القَيّاسينَ. ما عَلِمتُ أحَدًا مِنَ النّاسِ كان أطلَبَ لَعِلمٍ فى أُفُقٍ مِنَ الآفاقِ مِن مَسروقٍ، قال: لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4194>بابُ مَن جَعَلَ فيه كَفّارَةَ يَمينٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٠٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^٣).\nهذا الحَديثُ لَم يَسمَعْه الزُّهرِىُّ مِن أبى سَلَمَةَ:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٦٨.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٦١.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٣، ومسند عبد الله بن المبارك (١٨٨)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٢٩٠)، والنسائى (٣٨٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٠٩٨)، والترمذى (١٥٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٢١٢٥) من طريق يونس به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث لا يصح.","vol":"20","page":185},{"text":"٢٠٠٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ (^١)، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ فى كِتابِ يونُسَ الأصلِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، أنبأنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: وبَلَغَنِى عن أبى سلمةَ أن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٨٨ - قال يَعقوبُ: وحَدَّثَنِى أبو محمدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ، عن عَنبَسَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، أنبأنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: حَدَّثَ أبو سلمةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^٣). هذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه لَم يَسمَعْه مِن أبى سلمةَ. وإِنَّما سَمِعَه مِن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سَلَمَةَ:\n\n٢٠٠٨٩ - حَدَّثَنَاه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ فِراسٍ المالِكِىُّ بمَكَّةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الأسفاطىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أخِى، عن سُلَيمانَ هو ابنُ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى عَتيقٍ وموسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن يَحيىَ بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ الَّذِى كان يَسكُنُ اليَمامَةَ، حَدَّثَه أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يُخبِرُ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"القطان\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٣.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٤.","vol":"20","page":186},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٩٠ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنبٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا وهْمٌ مِن سُلَيمانَ بنِ أرقَمَ؛ فيَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ إنَّما رَواه عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىِّ عن أبيه عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. كَذَلِكَ رَواه علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ:\n\n٢٠٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ قال: قال ابنُ المُبارَكِ فى هذا الحديثِ: حَدَّثَ أبو سلمةَ. يَدُلُّ ذَلِكَ على أن الزُّهرِىَّ لَم يَسمَعْه مِن أبى سلمةَ، قال أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ: وتَصديقُ ذَلِكَ حَديثُ أيّوبَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ. قال أحمدُ: وإِنَّما الحَديثُ حَديثُ علىِّ بنِ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن أبيه عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال أبو داودَ: أرادَ أن سُلَيمانَ بنَ أرقَمَ وهِمَ فيه، وحَمَلَه عنه الزُّهرِىُّ وأرسَلَه عن أبى سَلَمَةَ (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: رَواه بَقيَّةُ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن يَحيَى عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٩٢)، والنسائى (٣٨٤٨) من طريق أبى بكر ابن أبى أويس (أخى إسماعيل) به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٨١٧). وينظر ما بعده.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٢٥) عن محمد بن إسماعيل الترمذى. ووقع عنده: عبد الله بن أبى عتيق.\n(^٣) أبو داود عقب (٣٢٩١).","vol":"20","page":187},{"text":"بإِسنادِ علىِّ بنِ المُبارَكِ مِثلَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ هو ابنُ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، أنبأنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى حَنظَلَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ: \"لا نَذرَ فى غَضَبٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَة يَمينٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٠٩٣ - ورَواه هِقلُ بنُ زيادٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ عن يَحيَى قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى حَنظَلَةَ، عن أبيه، عن عِمرانَ مِثلَه. أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عمرَ بنِ [نصيرِ بنِ طُوَيطٍ] (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِى هِقلٌ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). وهَذا الحَديثُ مَشهورٌ بمُحَمَّدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىِّ، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فى إسنادِه ومَتنِهِ:\n\n٢٠٠٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود عقب (٣٢٩٢). وأحمد هو أحمد بن محمد المروزى شيخ أبى داود كما فى سنن أبى داود.\n(^٢) ينظر المستدرك ٤/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٣) فى م: \"نضير بن حويط\". وضبب فى الأصل على \"نصير\" والذى فى الأنساب ٤/ ٨٣، وتاريخ\nدمشق ٣٢/ ٣٧١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٨/ ٣٣: عبد الله بن محمد بن نصر بن طويط، فالله أعلم.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢١٠، وفيه: عبد الله بن محمد بن نصر بن طويط.","vol":"20","page":188},{"text":"ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٠٩٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ الكَرابيسِىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبيه، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نَذرَ فى غَضَبٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^٢). وهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ؛ الزُّبَيرُ الحَنظَلِىُّ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن عِمرانَ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ: قيلَ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىِّ: سَمِعَ أبوكَ مِن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ؟ قال: لا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على هذا ما:\n\n٢٠٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىُّ، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا حَدَّثَه أنَّه سألَ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ عن رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ أنَّه لا يُصلِّى فى مَسجِدِ قَومِه، فقالَ عِمرانُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥٣/ ٣٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٨٥٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢١٦١) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٣) تاريخ يحيى بن معين (٣٣٨٢ - رواية الدورى).","vol":"20","page":189},{"text":"وكَفّارَتُه كَفارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىِّ عن رَجُلٍ صَحِبَه عن عِمرانَ:\n\n٢٠٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن رَجُلٍ صَحِبَه، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"النَّذرُ نَذرانِ، فما كان مِن نَذرٍ فى طاعَةِ اللهِ فذَلِكَ لَكَ وفيه الوَفاءُ، وما كان (^٢) فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ فذَلِكَ لِلشَّيطانِ ولا وفاءَ فيه، فيُكَفِّرُه ما يُكَفِّرُ اليَمينَ\" (^٣)\nوَقيلَ: عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ:\n\n٢٠٠٩٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ، وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^٤).\nورَواه عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىُّ عن سُفيانَ بإِسنادِه: \"لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةٍ -\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٠٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٥٥)، والنسائى (٣٨٥٥) من طريق\nعبد الوارث به بلفظ: لا نذر فى غضب.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"من نذر\".\n(^٣) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢١٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٤٥)، والنسائى (٣٨٥٧) من طريق محمد بن الزبير به، وعند أحمد: \"غضب\" مكان \"معصية\".","vol":"20","page":190},{"text":"أو: فى غَضَبٍ وكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١).\nوهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ، ولا يَصحُّ عن الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ سَماعٌ مِن وجهٍ صَحيحٍ يَثبُتُ مِثلُه:\nأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ البَراءِ قال: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ: لَم يَصحَّ الحَسَنِ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ سَماعٌ مِن وجهٍ صَحيحٍ يَثبُتُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىُّ لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ (^٣):\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: محمدُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحَنظَلِىُّ مُنكَرُ الحديثِ، وفيه نَظَرٌ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه غَيرُه عن الحَسَنِ كما:\n\n٢٠٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مِهرُويَه الرَّازِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ اللَّيثِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٩٨٥ - مسائل عبد الله)، والطبرانى ١٨/ ١٦٤ (٣٦٤) من طريق عبد الله بن الوليد به. والنسائى (٣٨٥٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) علل ابن المدينى ١/ ٦٠.\n(^٣) هو محمد بن الزبير التميمى الحنظلى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: ضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ٦٨، والجرح والتعديل ٧/ ٢٥٩، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٥٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢١١. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ١٦١: متروك.\n(^٤) الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢١٠، والتاريخ الكبير ١/ ٨٦. مقتصرًا على قوله: \"فيه نظر\".","vol":"20","page":191},{"text":"حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ اللَّيثِ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أخِى ابنِ وهبٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيىَ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن مُبارَكِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَفّارَةُ النَّذرِ كَفّارَةُ اليَمينِ\". زادَ أبو بكرِ ابنُ داودَ فى رِوايَتِه: قال أبو حاتِمٍ وهو محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ الرّازِىُّ: رَوَى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن مُبارَكِ بنِ فَضالَةَ هذا الحديثَ الواحِدَ، وقَد رَوَى مُبارَكٌ عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ أحاديثَ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وأصَحُّ شَئٍ فيه عن الحَسَنِ ما:\n\n٢٠١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى عثمانَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ العَوَقِىُّ (^١)، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن هَيّاجِ بنِ عِمرانَ البُرْجُمِىِّ، أن غُلامًا لأبيه أبَقَ فجَعَلَ للهِ عَلَيه لَئن قَدَرَ عَلَيه لَيَقطَعَنَّ يَدَه، فلَمّا قَدَرَ عَلَيه بَعَثَنِى إلَى عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ فسألتُه فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَحُثُّ فى خُطبَتِه على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثلَةِ، فقالَ: قُل لأبيكَ فليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه وليَتَجاوَزْ عن غُلامِه. قال: وبَعَثَنِى إلَى سَمُرَةَ، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يَحُثُّ فى خُطبَتِه على الصَّدَقَةِ ويَنهَى عن المُثلَةِ، فقُل\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"العوفى\" بالفاء. وينظر الأنساب ٤/ ٢٥٩.","vol":"20","page":192},{"text":"لأبيكَ يُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه وليَتَجاوَزْ عن غُلامِهِ (^١). وهَذا إسنادٌ مَوصولٌ إلا أن الأمرَ بالتَّكَفيرِ عن يَمينِه مَوقوفٌ فيه على عِمرانَ وسَمُرَةَ، وأمّا الهَيّاجُ بنُ عِمرانَ فإِنَّه مُختَلَفٌ فى اسمِه فقيلَ هَكَذا، وقيلَ حَيّانُ بنُ عِمرانَ البُرْجُمِىُّ.\n\n٢٠١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بنُ محمدٍ الرَّبَعِىُّ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ الأيلِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا لَم يُسَمِّه فكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ، ومَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ ﷿ فكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ، ومَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا لَم يُطِقْه فكَفّارَتُه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ، ومَن نَذَرَ نَذرًا فأطاقَه فليَفِ به\".\nوهَكَذا رُوِىَ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ يَحيَى؛ تارَةً عنه عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ عن بُكَيرٍ، وتارَةً عنه عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ (^٢).\nورَواه وكيعُ بنُ الجَرّاحِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ مَوقوفًا على ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٠٧)، وفى المعرفة (٥٨٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٤٦) عن عفان به. وأبو داود (٢٦٦٧) من طريق قتادة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٢٣٢٢). وتقدم فى (١٨١٠١).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٩٩٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٣٠٢) عن وكيع به. وذكره أبو داود عقب (٣٣٢٢). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٤٨: هذا أشبه.","vol":"20","page":193},{"text":"ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ:\n\n٢٠١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا ابنُ الجارودِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ موسَى بنِ أعيَنَ، حدثنا خَطّابٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ النَّذرَ نَذرانِ، فما كان للهِ فكَفّاَرَتُه الوَفاءُ به، وما كان لِلشَّيطانِ فلا وفاءَ له وعَلَيه كَفّارَةُ يَمينٍ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4195>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن نَذَرَ أن يَذبَحَ ابنَه أو نَفسَهُ</span>\n\n٢٠١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن القاسِمِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: أتَتِ امرأةٌ إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَت: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أنحَرَ ابنِى. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: لا تَنحَرِى ابنَكِ وكَفِّرِى عن يَمينِكِ. فقالَ شَيخٌ عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ جالِسٌ: وكَيفَ يَكونُ فى هذا كَفّارَةٌ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: إنَّ اللهَ تعالى يقولُ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ﴾ [المجادلة: ٣]، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فيه مِنَ الكَفّارَةِ ما قَد رأيتَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ جَعفَرٍ: فقالَ له شَيخٌ: وكَيفَ\n_________\n(^١) المنتقى لابن الجارود (٩٣٥). ولعل المصنف ضعفه بسبب خطاب؛ قال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٢٢٤: ثقة، اختلط قبل موته. وقد صحح الألبانى الحديث كما فى الصحيحة ١/ ٤٧٨، فالله أعلم.","vol":"20","page":194},{"text":"تكونُ كَفّارَةٌ فى طاعَةِ الشَّيطانِ؟ فقالَ: بَلَى، ألَيسَ اللهُ يقولُ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^١). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٢).\nوخالَفَه عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ فقالَ: يَذبَحُ كَبشًا.\n\n٢٠١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ وخالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال فى رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أن يَذبَحَ ابنَه، قال: يَذبَحُ كَبشًا (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عَنه:\n\n٢٠١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن رَجُلًا قال لابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أنحَرَ ابنِى. فأمَرَه ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- بكَبشٍ وقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ (^٤) [الأحزاب: ٢١]. كذا وجَدتُه فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١١٠)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٣/ ١٨ ظ - مخطوط)،\nوبراوية الليثى ٢/ ٤٧٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٠٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٤١)، والدارقطنى\n٤/ ١٦٤ من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٠٦) عن الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٤٠) من طريق خالد الحذاء به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٩٠٥) من طريق عكرمة به.\n(^٤) قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٤٨: أظنه تلا: ﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ [الممتحنة: ٤]. =","vol":"20","page":195},{"text":"٢٠١٠٦ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ فى \"الجامع\" عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن رَجُلًا أتاه فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أنحَرَ نَفسِى. فقالَ: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ فأمَرَه بكَبشٍ، فسُئلَ عَطاءٌ: أينَ يَذبَحُ الكَبشَ؟ قال: بمَكَّةَ. أخبرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢٠١٠٧ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أن يَذبَحَ نَفسَه قال: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ فأفتاه بكَبشٍ (^٢). هذا يَدُلُّ على أن رِوايَةَ عثمانَ بنِ عُمَرَ خَطأٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُ سُفيانَ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ:\n\n٢٠١٠٨ - أخبرَنا مَنصورُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٣)، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ شُعَيبٍ،\n_________\n= والأثر ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١١١) من طريق ابن جريج به. وأخرج ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٦٤٠) نحوه من طريق آخر عن ابن عباس.\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٩٠٤) عن ابن جريج به مطولًا.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٣٣).\n(^٣) منصور بن عبد الوهاب بن أحمد بن عبد الله أبو صالح الشالنجى الصوفى، سمع من الأستاذ أبى\nسعد، روى عنه المصنف ومسعود بن نصر السجزى، قال عبد الغافر: مشهور ثقة كثير الحديث.\nتوفى فى نيف وثمانين وأربعمائة. المنتخب (١٤٨٨).","vol":"20","page":196},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الفَوارِسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ أخو الشيخِ أبى الفَتحِ الحافظِ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ المُظَفَّرِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أُسامَةُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ سعيدٍ بمِصرَ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ أخِى ابنِ وهبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عَمِّى قال: حَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: وزَعَمَ ابنُ جُرَيجٍ أن عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ حَدَّثَه أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ لأنحَرَنَّ نَفسِى. فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ ثُمَّ تَلا ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: ﴿وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ (^١) [الصافات: ١٠٧]. هَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه أرادَ برسولِ اللهِ إبراهيمَ النَّبِىَّ ﷺ وعَلَى نَبيِّنا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فيمَن نَذَرَ أن يَنحَرَ نَفسَه فتوَى أُخرَى:\n\n٢٠١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أنحَرَ نَفسِى. قال: وعِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- رَجُلٌ يُريدُ أن يَخرُجَ إلَى الجِهادِ ومَعَه أبَواه، وابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- مُشتَغِلٌ يقولُ له: أقِمْ مَعَ أبَوَيكَ. قال: فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يقولُ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أنحَرَ نَفسِى. فقالَ له\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٤٤٣) من طريق عبد الملك بن شعيب به.","vol":"20","page":197},{"text":"ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: ما أصنَعُ بكَ؟! اذهَبْ فانحَرْ نَفسَكَ. فلَمّا فرَغَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- مِنَ الرَّجُلِ وأبَوَيه قال: علىَّ بالرَّجُلِ. فذَهَبوا فوَجَدوه قَد بَرَكَ على رُكبَتَيه يُريدُ أن يَنحَرَ نَفسَه، فجاءوا به إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فقالَ: ويحَكَ، لَقَد أرَدتَ أن تُحِلَّ ثَلاثَ خِصالٍ؛ أن تُحِلَّ بَلَدًا حَرامًا، وتَقطَعَ رَحِمًا حَرامًا -نَفسُك أقرَبُ الأرحامِ إلَيكَ- وأن تَسفِكَ دَمًا حَرامًا، أتَجِدُ مِائَةً مِنَ الإبِلِ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فاذهَبْ فانحَرْ فى كُلِّ عامٍ ثُلُثًا لا يَفسُدِ اللَّحمُ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ، ورِوايَةُ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ بمَعناه، وزادَ: قال كُرَيبٌ: فشَهِدتُه عامَينِ، فأمّا الثّالِثُ فلا أدرِى ما فعَلَ (^١).\n\n٢٠١١٠ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن الأعمَشِ بمَعناه وزادَ: قال الأعمَشُ: فبَلَغَنِى عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: لَوِ اعتَلَّ (^٢) عَلىَّ لأمَرتُه بكَبشٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه أمَرَ فى مِثلِ هذه المَسألَةِ بكَبشٍ. قال الشيخُ ﵀: اختلافُ فتاويه فى ذَلِكَ وفيمَن نَذَرَ أن يَنحَرَ ابنَه يَدُلُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٣٤).\n(^٢) اعتل الرجل: تمسك بحجة. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ١٦٢.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٩١٠).","vol":"20","page":198},{"text":"على أنَّه كان يَقولُه استِدلالًا ونَظَرًا، لا أنَّه عَرَفَ فيه تَوقيفًا، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، حَدَّثَنِى رَجُلٌ أن رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ ألا يُكَلِّمَ أخاه، فإِن كَلَّمَه فهو يَنحَرُ نَفسَه بَينَ المَقامِ والرُّكنِ فى أيّامِ التَّشريقِ، فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى أبلِغْ مَن وراءَكَ أنَّه لا نَذرَ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، لَو نَذَرَ ألَّا يَصومَ رَمَضانَ فصامَه كان خَيرًا له، ولَو نَذَرَ ألَّا يُصَلِّىَ فصَلَّى كان خَيرًا له، مُرْ صاحِبَكَ فليُكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِه وليُكَلِّمْ أخاه (^١). هذا عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- مُنقَطِعٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١١٥).","vol":"20","page":199},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4196>كتابُ النذورِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4197>بابُ الوَفاءِ بالنَّذرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه فى مَدْحِ قَومٍ: ﴿يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٧]. وقالَ فى ذَمِّ آخَرينَ: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (٧٥) فَلَمَّا آتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ (٧٦) فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٥ - ٧٧].\n\n٢٠١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وفِى رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ: عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أربَعٌ مَن كُنَّ فيه كان مُنافِقًا خالِصًا، ومَن كانَت فيه خَصلَةٌ مِنهُنَّ كانَت فيه خَصلَةٌ مِن نِفاقٍ حَتَّى يَدَعَها؛ إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإِذا عاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وإِذا وعَدَ أخلَفَ، وإِذا خاصَمَ فجَرَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذى (٢٦٣٢) من طريق عبيد الله بن موسى به. وتقدم فى (١٨٨٧٨).","vol":"20","page":201},{"text":"أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ؛ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١١٣ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا بَهزُ بنُ أسَدٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى أبو جَمرَةَ قال: دَخَلَ علىَّ زَهدَمٌ فأخبَرَنِى أنَّه سَمِعَ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُكُم قَرنِى، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمّ يَكونُ قَومٌ بَعدَهُم يَخونونَ ولا يُؤتَمَنونَ، ويَشهَدونَ ولا يُستَشهَدونَ، ويَنذُرونَ ولا يُوفونَ، ويَظهَرُ فيهِمُ السِّمَنُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بشرٍ (^٤)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4198>بابُ ما يُوفَى به مِنَ النُّذورِ وما لا يُوفَى</span>\n\n٢٠١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، أنبأنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٨/ ١٠٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٤)، ومسلم (٥٨/ ١٠٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٣٥)، والنسائى (٣٨١٨) من طريق شعبة به. وسيأتى فى (٢٠٤١٥، ٢٠٦٣٣، ٢٠٦٣٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٣٥/ ٢١٤).\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٦٥١، ٣٦٥٠، ٦٤٢٨)، ومسلم (٢٥٣٥/ ٢١٤) وعقبه.","vol":"20","page":202},{"text":"نَذَرَ أن يُطيعَ اللهَ فليُطِعْه، ومَن نَذَرَ أن يَعصيَه فلا يَعصِه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ بنِ واقِدٍ الكِلابِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ الحُصَينِ قال: كانَت ثَقيفٌ حُلَفاءَ لِبَنِى عُقَيلٍ فأسَرَت ثَقيفٌ رَجُلَينِ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وأسَرَ أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا وأصابوا مَعَه العَضباءَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ كما مَضَى وفيه: قال: وأُسِرَتِ امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ وأُصيبَتِ العَضباءُ، فكانَتِ المَرأةُ فى الوَثاقِ، وكانَ القَومُ يُريحُونَ (^٣) نَعَمَهُم بَينَ أيدِى بُيوتِهِم، فانفَلَتَت ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ مِنَ الوَثاقِ فأتَتِ الإبِلَ، فجَعَلَت إذا دَنَت مِنَ البَعيرِ رَغا فتَترُكُه حَتَّى تَنتَهِىَ إلَى العَضباءِ فلَم تَرْغُ. قال: وناقَةٌ مُنَوَّقَةٌ (^٤)، فقَعَدَت فى عَجُزِها ثُمَّ زَجَرَتْها فانطَلَقَت، ونَذِروا بها (^٥) فطَلَبوها فأعجَزَتهُم. قال: ونَذَرَت إنِ اللهُ أنجاها لَتَنحَرَنَّها، فلَمّا قَدِمَتِ المَدينَةَ رَآها النّاسُ فقالوا: العَضباءُ، ناقَةُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٦/ ٣٤٦ من طريق أبى عاصم به. وتقدم فى (١٨٨٨٥، ٢٠٠٣٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٠٠).\n(^٣) أراح الإبل والغنم: ردها إلى مبيتها. ينظر التاج ٦/ ٤١٩ (روح).\n(^٤) الناقة المنوقة: هى الناقة المذللة المروضة المنقادة. غريب الحديث للحربى ١/ ١١.\n(^٥) نذروا بها: أى علموا بها. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٨.","vol":"20","page":203},{"text":"رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَت: إنَّها قَد نَذَرَت إنِ اللهُ أنجاها عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها، فأتَوُا النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"سُبحانَ اللهِ! بئسَما جَزَتْها، إنِ اللهُ أنجاها عَلَيها لَتَنحَرَنَّها! لا وفاءَ لِنَذرٍ فى مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ العَبدُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١١٦ - أخبرَنا عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىٍّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ خَنبٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حارِثٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن امرأةَ أبى ذَرٍّ جاءَت على القَصواءِ راحِلَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى أناخَت عِندَ المَسجِدِ فقالت: يا رسولَ اللهِ نَذَرْتُ لَئن نَجّانِى اللهُ عَلَيها لآكُلَنَّ مِن كَبِدِها وسَنامِها. قال: \"بئسَما جَزَيتيها، لَيسَ هذا نَذرًا، إنَّما النَّذرُ ما ابتُغِىَ به وجهُ اللهِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو\nداودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ\nصالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ قالا: حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ،\nحدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: بَينَما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٢٢٦٢) عن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وتقدم فى (١٨٠٩١، ١٨٢٩٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤١/ ٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٩٧). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٢ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٥٢: إسناده صالح.","vol":"20","page":204},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَخطُبُ إذا هو برَجُلٍ قائمٍ فى الشَّمسِ فسألَ عنه فقالوا: هذا أبو إسرائيلَ نَذَرَ أن يَقومَ ولا يَقعُدَ، ولا يَستَظِلَّ، ولا يَتَكَلَّمَ، ويَصومَ ولا يُفطِرَ. فقالَ: \"مُرْه فليتَكَلَّمْ ولْيَستَظِلَّ ولْيَقعُدْ ولْيُتِمَّ صَومَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن الشّافِعِىِّ، أنبأنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن طاوُسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بأبِى إسرائيلَ وهو قائمٌ فى الشَّمسِ فقالَ: \"ما لَهُ؟ \". فقالوا: نَذَرَ ألَّا يَستَظِلَّ ولا يَقعُدَ ولا يُكَلِّمَ أحَدًا ويَصومَ. فأمَرَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يَستَظِلَّ وأن يَقعُدَ، وأن يُكَلِّمَ النّاسَ، ويُتِمَّ صَومَه، ولَم يأمُرْه بكَفّارَةٍ (^٣). هذا مُرسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ، وفيه وفيما قَبلَه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه لَم يأمُرْه بكَفّارَةٍ.\nورَواه الحَسَنُ بنُ عُمارَةَ عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- بمِثلِه، وفِى آخِرِه: ولَم يأمُرْه بالكَفّارَةِ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ كُرَيبٍ عن أبيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، وفيه الأمرُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٠٩٩) بالإسناد الثانى، وأبو داود (٣٣٠٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣٨٥) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٠٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٣١)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٩٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٦٠ من طريق الحسن بن عمارة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٥٢ عن الحسن بن عمارة: وهو واهٍ.","vol":"20","page":205},{"text":"بالكَفّارَةِ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كُرَيبٍ ضَعيفٌ (^١):\n\n٢٠١١٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ السُّنِّىُّ (^٢) الشَّهيدُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَغراءَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ كُرَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال أبو إسرائيلَ ابنُ قُشَيرٍ: إنَّه كان نَذَرَ أن يَصومَ ولا يَقعُدَ ولا يَستَظِلَّ ولا يَتَكَلَّمَ، فأُتِىَ به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقعُدْ واستَظِلَّ وتَكَلَّم وكَفِّر\" (^٣). كذا وجَدتُه: \"وكَفِّر\". وعِندِى أن ذَلِكَ تَصحيفٌ، إنَّما هو: \"وصُمْ\". كما هو فى سائرِ الرِّواياتِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠١٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ ويَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ فرَّقَهُما قالا: حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ إيادِ بنِ لَقيطٍ، عن أبيه إيادِ بنِ لَقيطٍ قال: حَدَّثَتنِى لَيلَى امرأةُ بَشيرِ ابنِ الخَصاصيَّةِ -وكانَ اسمَه قبلَ ذَلِكَ زَحْمٌ، فسَمّاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَشيرًا- قالَت: حَدَّثَنِى بَشيرٌ أنَّه سألَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن صَومِ يَومِ الجُمُعَةِ، وألَّا يُكلِّمَ ذَلِكَ الَيَومَ أحَدًا، قال: فقالَ له: \"لا تَصُمْ يَومَ\n_________\n(^١) هو محمد بن كريب بن أبى مسلم الهاشمى مولى ابن عباس. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢١٧ وضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ١٢٧، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٦٨؛ والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٦٢. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٠٣: ضعيف.\n(^٢) فى م: \"السبئى\". ينظر تاريخ دمشق ٧/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوى فى معجم الصحابة عقب (١٩٩٣)، وابن حجر فى الإصابة ٩/ ٦٥ من طريق محمد ابن كريب به.","vol":"20","page":206},{"text":"الجُمُعَةِ إلا فى أيّامٍ كُنتَ تَصومُها أو فى شَهرٍ، وأن لا تُكَلِّمَ أحَدًا فلَعَمرِى لَأن تَكَلَّمَ فتأمُرَ بمَعروفٍ أو تَنهَى عن مُنكَرٍ خَيرٌ مِن أن تَسكُتَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ مِن أصلِه قالا: أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا بَيانُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: دَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁- على امرأةٍ مِن أحمَسَ يُقالُ لها: زَينَبُ. قال: فرآها لا تَكَلَّمُ، قال: ما لِهَذِه لا تَكَلَّمُ؟ قال: فقالوا: حَجَّت مُصمِتَةً. فقالَ: تكلَّمِى؛ فإِنَّ هذا لا يَحِلُّ، هذا مِن عَمَلِ الجاهِليَّةِ. فتَكَلَّمَت فقالَت: مَن أنتَ؟ قال: أنا مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ. قالَت: مِن أىِّ المُهاجِرينَ؟ قال: مِن قُرَيشٍ. قالَت: مِن أىِّ قُرَيشٍ؟ قال: إنَّكِ لَسَئولٌ، أنا أبو بكرٍ. قال: فقالَت: ما بَقاؤُنا على هذا الأمرِ الصّالِحِ الَّذِى جاءَ اللهُ به بعدَ الجاهِليَّةِ بعدَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: فقالَ: بَقاؤُكُم عَلَيه ما استَقامَت أئمَّتُكُم. قالَت: وما الأئمَّةُ؟ قال: أما كان لِقَومِكِ رُءوسٌ وأشرافٌ يأمُرونَهُم ويُطيعونَهُم؟ قالَت: بَلَى. قال: فهُم أمثالُ أولَئكِ يَكونونَ على النّاسِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عن أبى عَوانَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٥٧٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٥٤)، وعبد بن حميد (٤٢٨) من طريق عبيد الله ابن إياد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٥٢: إسناده جيد.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٢١٨) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٣٤).","vol":"20","page":207},{"text":"الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن يَزيدَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- أنَّه أتَى قُبَّةَ امرأةٍ فسَلَّمَ فلَم تُكَلِّمْه، فلَم يَترُكْها حَتَّى كَلَّمَتْه قالَت: يا عبدَ اللهِ مَن أنتَ؟ قال: مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ. قالَتِ: المُهاجِرونَ كَثيرٌ فمِن أيِّهُم أنتَ؟ قال: فقالَ: مِن قُرَيشٍ. قالَت: قُرَيشٌ كَثيرٌ فمِن أيِّهُم أنتَ؟ قال: أنا أبو بكرٍ. قالَت: بأبِى أنتَ وأُمِّى، كان بَينَنا وبَينَ قَومٍ فى الجاهِليَّةِ شَئٌ؛ فحَلَفتُ إنِ اللهُ عافانا ألّا أُكَلِّمَ أحَدًا حَتَى أحُجَّ. قال: إنَّ الإسلامَ هَدَمَ ذَلِكِ فتَكَلَّمِى (^١).\n\n٢٠١٢٣ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا زُهَيرٌ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن حارِثَةَ بنِ مُضَرِّبٍ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فجاءَ رَجُلانِ، فسَلَّمَ أحَدُهُما ولَم يُسَلِّمِ الآخَرُ، فقُلنا، أو قال: ما بالُ صاحِبِكَ لَم يُسَلِّمْ؟ قال: إنَّه نَذَرَ صَومًا لا يُكَلِّمُ اليَومَ إنسيًّا. قال عبدُ اللهِ: بئسَما قُلتَ، إنَّما كانَت تِلكَ امرأةً قالَت ذَلِكَ ليَكونَ لها عُذرٌ، وكانوا يُنكِرونَ أن يَكونَ ولدٌ مِن غَيرِ زَوجٍ ولا زِنًا -أو: إلا زِنًا- فسَلِّمْ وأمُرْ بالمَعروفِ وانْهَ عن المُنكَرِ خَيرٌ لَكَ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة ٤/ ٢٥٣، ٧/ ٦٣ من طريق يزيد بن أبى زياد به بنحوه.\n(^٢) فى م: \"من ذلك\". والحديث عند البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٥٤١)، وعزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ١٠/ ٦٣ لابن أبى حاتم.","vol":"20","page":208},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4199>بابُ ما يُوفَى به مِن نُذورِ الجاهِليَّةِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٢٤ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ بنِ مَنيعٍ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: نَذَرتُ أن أعتَكِفَ فى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، فلَمّا أسلَمتُ سألتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: \"أوفِ بنَذرِكَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إنِّى نَذَرتُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ أن أعتَكِفَ فى المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ. فقالَ: \"أوفِ بنَذرِكَ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ محمدٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ مُسَدَّدٍ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أعتَكِفَ لَيلَةً فى الجاهِليَّةِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٩٦٣)، وفى الصغرى (٤١١٧). وتقدم فى (٨٦٦٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٥)، وأبو داود (٣٣٢٥)، والترمذى (١٥٣٩)، وابن خزيمة (٢٢٣٩)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨٠) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٠٣٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٦/ ٢٧).","vol":"20","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4200>بابُ ما يُوفَى به من نَذرِ ما يَكونُ مُباحًا وإِن لَم يَكُنْ طاعَةً</span>\n\n٢٠١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ واقِدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَدِمَ مِن بَعضِ مَغازيه، فأتَته جاريَةٌ سَوداءُ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى كُنتُ نَذَرتُ إن رَدَّكَ اللهُ سالِمًا أن أضرِبَ بَينَ يَدَيكَ بالدُّفِّ. فقالَ: \"إن كُنتِ نَذَرتِ فاضرِبِى\". قال: فجَعَلَت تَضرِبُ، فدَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ وهِىَ تَضرِبُ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عُمَرُ فألقَتِ الدُّفَّ تَحتَها وقَعَدَت عَلَيه، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الشَّيطانَ لَيَخافُ مِنكَ يا عُمَرُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ أبو قُدامَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن امرأةً أتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أضرِبَ على رأسِكَ بالدُّفِّ. فقالَ: \"أوفِى بنَذرِكِ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ -ﷺ- إنَّما أذِنَ فى الضَّربِ لأنَّه أمْرٌ مُباحٌ، وفيه إظهارُ الفَرَحِ بظُهورِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ورُجوعِه سالِمًا، لا أنَّه يَجِبُ بالنَّذرِ، فاللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠١١)، والترمذى (٣٦٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨٦). وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣١٢) مطولًا. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٥٤: إسناده قوى.","vol":"20","page":210},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4201>بابُ كَراهيَةِ النَّذرِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الفَوارِسِ الحَسَنُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مُرَّةَ (^١)، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن النَّذرِ وقالَ: \"إنَّه لا يَرُدُّ شَيئًا، إنّما يُستَخرَجُ به مِنَ الشَّحيحِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ خَلَّادٍ: \"ولَكِن يُستَخرَجُ به مِنَ الشَّحيحِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وخَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيىَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ النَّذرَ لا يُقَرِّبُ مِنِ ابنِ آدَمَ شَيئًا لَم يَكُنِ اللهُ قَدَّرَه له، ولَكِنِ النَّذرُ يوافِقُ القَدَرَ فيُخرَجُ بذَلِكَ مِنَ البَخيلِ ما لَم يَكُنِ البَخيلُ يُريدُ أن\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، م: \"قرة\". وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ١١٤. ومصادر\nالتخريج.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٢٠). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٨١١) من طريق أبى نعيم به. وأحمد (٥٥٩٢)، وأبو داود (٣٢٨٧) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٠٨)، ومسلم (١٦٣٩) عقب (٤).","vol":"20","page":211},{"text":"يُخرِجَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِه، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى الزِّنادِ عن الأعرَجِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4202>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ تَبَرُّرًا أن يَمشِىَ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ الحَرامِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَزِمَه أن يَمشِىَ إن قَدَرَ على المَشىِ (^٣).\nقال أصحابُنا: لأنَّ المَشىَ إلَى مَوضِعِ البِرِّ برٌّ استِدلالًا بقَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا﴾ [الحج: ٢٧].\n\n٢٠١٣٠ - وبِما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن أُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: كان رَجُلٌ ما أعلمُ أحَدًا مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ مِمَّن يُصَلِّى القِبلَةَ أبَعدَ مَنزِلًا مِنَ المَسجِدِ مِنه، وكانَ يَحضُرُ الصَّلَواتِ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال: فقيلَ له: لَوِ اشتَرَيتَ حِمارًا فرَكِبتَه فى الرَّمضاءِ والظَّلماءِ. فقالَ: واللهِ ما أُحِبُّ أن مَنزِلى بِلِزْقِ (^٤) المَسجِدِ. فأُخبِرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بذَلِكَ فسألَه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ كَيما يُكتُبَ أثَرِى وخُطاىَ ورُجوعِى إلَى أهلِى وإِقبالِى وإِدبارِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٦٣٥٥)، وإسماعيل بن جعفر فى جزئه (٣٧٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٨٨٦٠). وأخرجه النسائى (٣٨١٣)، وابن ماجه (٢١٢٣) من طريق الأعرج به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٠/ ٧)، والبخارى (٦٦٩٤).\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٦٧.\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"يلزق\".","vol":"20","page":212},{"text":"\"أنطاكَ اللهُ ما احتَسَبتَ أجمَعَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو البَختَرِىِّ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ حَمّادُ بنُ أُسامَةَ، حدثنا بُرَيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن جَدِّه، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ النّاسِ أجرًا فى الصَّلاةِ أبعَدُهُم إلَيها مَشيًا، والَّذِى يَنتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ حَتَّى يُصَلّيَها مَعَ الإمامِ فى جَماعَةٍ أعظَمُ أجرًا مِمَّن يُصَلّيها ثُمَّ يَنامُ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠١٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ حَفصٍ الخَثعَمِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ الكِندِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ سَوادَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن زاذانَ قال: مَرِضَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- مَرَضًا فدَعا ولَدَه فجَمَعَهُم فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن حَجَّ مِن مَكّةَ ماشيًا حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى مَكَّةَ كَتَبَ اللهُ له بكُلِّ خَطوَةٍ سَبعَمِائَةِ حَسَنَةٍ، كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ مِثلُ حَسَناتِ الحَرَمِ\". قيلَ: وما حَسَناتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٥٠٤٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٦٦٣/ ٢٧٨، وعقبه).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٥٠٤٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٥١)، ومسلم (٦٦٢/ ٢٧٧).","vol":"20","page":213},{"text":"الحَرَمِ؟ قال: \"بكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ مِائَةُ ألفِ حَسَنَةٍ\" (^١).\nوَرُوّينا فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ فضلَ المَشىِ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ الحَرامِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الزُّهرِىُّ وحَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: إذا نَذَرَ الإنسانُ: علىَّ مَشىٌ إلَى الكَعبَةِ. فهَذا نَذرٌ فليَمشِ إلَى الكَعبَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٣٤ - قال ابنُ وهبٍ: قال اللَّيثُ مِثلَه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4203>بابُ رُكوبِ مَن لَم يَقدِرْ على المَشىِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مِهرُويَه بنِ عباسِ بنِ سِنانٍ الرّازِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: مَرَّ شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٢٧٩١) عن على بن سعيد بن مسروق به. وقال ابن خزيمة: إن صح الخبر فإن فى القلب من عيسى بن سوادة. ا. هـ. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٥٥: عيسى واهٍ، والحديث منكر جدًّا. وتقدم فى (٨٧١٩) وضعفه المصنف هناك.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٨٧١٧ - ٨٧٢٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة ١/ ٣٥٠ من طريق موسى بن عقبة به. وابن ابى شيبة (١٢٥٤٦) من طريق نافع به.","vol":"20","page":214},{"text":"يُهادَى بَينَ ابنَيه، فقالَ -ﷺ-: \"ما بالُ هذا؟ \". قالوا: نَذَرَ يا رسولَ اللهِ أن يَمشِىَ. قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ عن تَعذيبِ هذا نَفسَه لَغَنِىٌّ\". وأمَرَه أن يَركَبَ، فرَكِبَ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رأى رَجُلًا يُهادَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ فقالَ: \"ما لَهُ؟ \". فقالوا: نَذَرَ أن يَمشِىَ إلَى البَيتِ. قال: \"فإنَّ اللهَ ﷿ غَنِىٌّ عن تَعذيبِ هذا نَفسَه، فمُروه فليَركَبْ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مَروانَ الفَزارِىِّ وغَيرِه عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ أنبأنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أدرَكَ شَيخًا يَمشِى بَينَ ابنَيه يَتَوَكّأُ عَلَيهِما، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما شأنُ هذا الشيخِ؟ \".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٤٦٨) عن الأنصارى به. وأبو داود (٣٣٠١)، والترمذى (١٥٣٧)، والنسائى (٣٨٦٢)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤٤) من طرق عن حميد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى (٣٨٦١) من طريق حماد بن مسعدة به.\n(^٣) البخارى (١٨٦٥)، ومسلم (١٦٤٢/ ٩).","vol":"20","page":215},{"text":"قال ابناه: كان عَلَيه نَذرٌ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اركَبْ أيُّها الشيخُ؛ فإِنّ اللهَ ﷿ غَنِىٌّ عَنكَ وعن نَذرِكَ\" (^١). لَفظُهُما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4204>بابُ المَشىِ فيما قَدَرَ عَلَيه والرُّكوبِ فيما عَجَزَ عَنهُ</span>\n\n٢٠١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ قالا: حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيىَ بنُ أيّوبَ أن يَزيدَ بنَ أبى حَبيبٍ أخبَرَه أن أبا الخَيرِ أخبَرَه عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ أنَّه قال: نَذَرَتْ أُختى أن تَمشِىَ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ، فأمَرَتنِى أن أستَفتىَ لها النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فاستَفتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لِتَمشِ ولْتَركَبْ\". قال: وكانَ أبو الخَيرِ لا يُفارِقُ عُقبَةَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عاصِمٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ حاتِمٍ وغيرِه عن رَوحٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٥٩)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤٣) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وابن ماجه (٢١٣٥) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٣/ ١٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٤٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٨٧)، وأبو عوانة (٥٨٦٧) من طريق روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (١٨٦٦)، ومسلم (١٦٤٤) عقب (١٢).","vol":"20","page":216},{"text":"٢٠١٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا المُفَضَّلُ بنُ فَضالَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: نَذَرَت أُختِى أن تَمشِىَ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ حافيَةً، فأمَرَتنِى أن أستَفتِىَ لها رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فاستَفتَيتُه فقالَ: \"تَمشِى وتَركَبُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زَكَريّا بنِ يَحيَى بنِ صالِحٍ المِصرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4205>بابُ الهَدىِ فيما رُكِبَ واختلافِ الرواياتِ فيه</span>\n\n٢٠١٤٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه قال: إنَّ أُختَ عُقبَةَ نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ ماشيَةً، وإنَّها لا تُطيقُ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَغَنىٌّ عن مَشىِ أُختِكَ، فلتَركَبْ ولتُهدِ بَدَنَةً\" (^٣)\n\n٢٠١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أن عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٨٦)، وأبو داود (٣٢٢٩)، والنسائى (٣٨٢٣) من طريق يزيد بن أبى حبيب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٤٤/ ١١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٤١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٣٠٣) عن أحمد بن حفص بن عبد الله به.","vol":"20","page":217},{"text":"أُختَه نَذَرَت أن تَمشِىَ إلَى البَيتِ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ غَنِىٌّ عن نَذرِ أُختِكَ، لِتَحُجَّ راكِبَةً وتُهدِى بَدَنَةً\" (^١). كذا قال \"وتُهدِى بَدَنَةً\".\nورَواه أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ عن هَمّامٍ، وقالَ فى الحديثِ: \"وتُهدِى هَديًا\" (^٢).\nوخالَفَه هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ فرَواه عن قَتادَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ الهَدىِ فيه:\n\n٢٠١٤٢ - أخبَرَناه علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَلَغَه أن أُختَ عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ ماشيَةً، فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَغَنِىٌّ عن نَذرِها، فمُرْها فلتَركَبْ\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ عن عِكرِمَةَ دونَ ذِكرِ الهَدىِ فيهِ.\nورَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ، فأرسَلَه ولَم يَذكُرِ الهَدىَ فيه:\n\n٢٠١٤٣ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيىَ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن أُختَ عُقبَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٨٢٨) من طريق هدبة به. وأحمد (٢١٣٤)، وابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٩٣٦)، وابن خزيمة (٣٠٤٥) من طريق همام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٩٦)، والدارمى (٢٣٨٠) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٩٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢١٥٣) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"20","page":218},{"text":"ابنِ عامِرٍ نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ ماشيَةً، فسألَ عُقبَةُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مُرْها أن تَركَبَ؛ فإِنَّ اللهَ غَنِىٌّ عن نَذرِ أُختِكَ، أو مَشىِ أُختِكَ\". شَكَّ سعيدٌ.\n\n٢٠١٤٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ أن أُختَ عُقبَةَ. بمَعنَى هِشامٍ، لَم يَذكُرِ الهَدىَ، وقالَ فيه: \"مُرْ أُختَكَ فلتَركَبْ\". قال أبو داودَ: ورَواه خالِدٌ عن عِكرِمَةَ بمَعناه (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ دونَ ذِكرِ الهَدىِ فيه:\n\n٢٠١٤٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبيه، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ أنَّه قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إنَّ أُختِى نَذَرَت أن تَمشِىَ إلَى البَيتِ. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ لا يَصنَعُ بمَشىِ أُختِكَ إلَى البَيتِ شَيئًا\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ، عن كُرَيبٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أُختِى نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ ماشيَةً. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ لا يَصنَعُ بشَقاءِ أُختِكَ شَيئًا، لِتَحُجَّ راكِبَةً ثُمَّ تُكَفِّرْ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٩٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٣٠٤).","vol":"20","page":219},{"text":"يَمينَها\" (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به شَريكٌ القاضِى.\n\n٢٠١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ زَحْرٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الرُّعَينِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىِّ قال: نَذَرَت أُختِى أن تَحُجَّ للهِ ماشيَةً غَيرَ مُختَمِرَةٍ. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ الله -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مُرْ أُختَكَ فلتَختَمِرْ ولتَركَبْ، ولتَصُمْ ثَلَاثةَ أيّامٍ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ القَطّانُ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nورَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه في إسنادِهِ (^٥).\nوأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ فارِسٍ قال: قال محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٨٢٨)، وأبو داود (٣٢٩٥)، وابن حبان (٤٣٨٤) من طريق شريك به. وعند أحمد: جاءت امرأة. بدلًا من: جاء رجل.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٢٩١)، وابن ماجه (٢١٣٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد الأنصارى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٧٥)، وأبو داود (٣٢٩٣)، والنسائي (٣٨٢٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٩٤) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٣٠٦)، والترمذى (١٥٤٤) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن.","vol":"20","page":220},{"text":"البخارىُّ: لا يَصِحُّ فيه الهَدىُ (^١). يَعنِى في حَديثِ عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ.\n\n٢٠١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَسيرُ في رَكبٍ في جَوفِ اللَّيلِ إذ بَصُرَ بخَيالٍ قَدَ نَفَرَت مِنه إبِلُهُم، فأنزَلَ رَجُلًا فنَظَرَ، فإِذا هو بامرأةٍ عُريانَةٍ ناقِضَةٍ شَعَرَها، فقالَ: ما لَكِ؟ قالَت: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أحُجَّ البَيتَ ماشيَةً عُريانَةً ناقِضَةً شَعَرِى، فأنا أتَكَمَّنُ بالنَّهارِ وأتَنَكَّبُ الطَّريقَ باللَّيلِ. فأتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرَه فقالَ: \"ارجِعْ إلَيها فمُرْها فلتَلبَسْ ثيابَها ولتُهَرِقْ دَمًا\". هذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُنقَطِعٍ دونَ ذِكرِ الهَدىِ فيه:\n\n٢٠١٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- حانَت مِنه نَظرَةٌ، فإِذا هو بامرأةٍ ناشِرَةٍ شَعَرَها فقالَ: \"ما هَذِهِ؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَذَرَت أن تَحُجَّ ماشيَةً ناشِرَةً شَعَرَها. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مُروها فلتُغَطِّى رأسَها ولتَركَبْ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٢٠٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٨٦٤) من طريق آخر عن عكرمة بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":221},{"text":"٢٠١٥٠ - حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ صالِحُ بنُ رُستُمٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ شِنظيرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قَلَّما قامَ فينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا حَثَّنا فيه على الصَّدَقَةِ ونهانا عن المُثلَةِ، وقالَ: \"إنَّ مِنَ المُثلَةِ أن يَنذِرَ أن يَخرِمَ أنفَه، ومِنَ المُثلَةِ أن يَنذِرَ أن يَحُجَّ ماشيًا، فإِذا نَذَرَ أحَدُكُم أن يَحُجَّ ماشيًا فليُهدِ هَديًا وليَركَبْ\" (^١).\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ عن صالِحٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"فليُهدِ بَدَنَةً وليَركَب\":\n\n٢٠١٥١ - أخبرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ إسحاقَ البَغَوِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ رُستُمٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وقالَ: \"فليُهدِ بَدَنَةً وليَركَبْ\" (^٢). ولا يَصِحُّ سَماعُ الحَسَنِ مِن عِمرانَ، ففيه إرسالٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nورُوِىَ فيه عن علىٍّ -﵁-:\n\n٢٠١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- في الرَّجُلِ يَحلِفُ عَلَيه المَشىُ، قالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٨٧٥). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٣٢٣) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. وأحمد (١٩٨٥٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٠٥ من طريق صالح بن رستم به. وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبى.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب البغدادى في المتفق والمفترق (٧٥٣) من طريق عبد الله بن إسحاق البغوى به.","vol":"20","page":222},{"text":"يَمشِى، فإِن عَجَزَ رَكِبَ وأهدَى بَدَنَةً (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4206>بابُ مَن أمَرَ فيه بالإِعادَةِ، والمَشىِ فيما رَكِبَ والرُّكوبِ فيما مَشَى حَتَّى يأتِىَ به كما نَذَرَهُ</span>\n\n٢٠١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ أُذَينَةَ قال: خَرَجتُ مَعَ جَدَّةٍ لِى عَلَيها مَشىٌ، حَتَّى إذا كُنّا ببَعضِ الطَّريقِ عَجَزَت، فأرسَلَت مَولًى لها إلَى عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵁- يَسألُه، فخَرَجتُ مَعَه، فسألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- فقالَ: مُرْها فلتَركَبْ، ثُمَّ لتَمشِ مِن حَيثُ عَجَزَت (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٥٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا محمدٌ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مِثلَ قَولِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: وتَنحَرُ بَدَنَةً (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزّازُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٤٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧١.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٤٧٣، ومن طريقه الشافعى في مسنده (١٠٠٦ - شفاء العى)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥٣٨، ١٣٧٤٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه سحنون في المدونة ٢/ ٨٢ من طريق ابن وهب به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٨٦٥) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وابن أبى شيبة (١٢٥٣٩، ١٣٧٣٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.","vol":"20","page":223},{"text":"ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِىُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ ويَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن عامِرٍ يَعنى الشَّعبِىَّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أن يَمشِىَ إلَى الكَعبَةِ، فمَشَى نِصفَ الطَّريقِ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: إذا كان عامُ قابِلٍ فليَركَبْ ما مَشَى، ويَمشِى ما رَكِبَ، ويَنحَرْ بَدَنَةً (^١).\n\n٢٠١٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه قال: كان علىَّ مَشىٌ فأصابَتنِى خاصِرَةٌ (^٢)، فرَكِبتُ حَتَّى أتَيتُ مَكَّةَ فسألتُ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ وغَيرَه فقالوا: عَلَيكَ هَدىٌ. فلَمّا قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ سألتُ، فأمَرونِى أن أمشِىَ مِن حَيثُ عَجَزتُ، فمَشَيتُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى (^٣).\nوالَّذِى أجازَه الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ النُّذورِ مِن وُجوبِ المَشىِ فيما قَدَرَ عَلَيه وسُقوطِه فيما عَجَزَ عنه، أشبَهُ الأقاويلِ بحَديثِ أبى هريرةَ وأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ -﵄- وأبِى الخَيرِ عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فهو أولَى به، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو بكر الشافعى في الغيلانيات (٣٤٥)، ومن طريقه الذهبى في سير أعلام النبلاء ٤/ ٣١٩.\n(^٢) خاصرة: أى وجع في الخاصرة، أو يريد تألم أطرافه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٤٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٥٧، ومالك ٢/ ٤٧٤.\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ٢/ ٢٥٦.","vol":"20","page":224},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4207>بابُ مَن قال: يَمشِى مِن ميقاتِه إلَّا أن يَكونَ نَوَى مَكانًا حَتَّى يَصدُرَ</span>\nرُوِىَ ذَلِكَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحسَنِ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: سألتُ أبا عمرٍو يَعنِى الأوزاعِىَّ عَمَّن جَعَلَ عَلَيه المَشىَ إلَى بَيتِ اللهِ، مِن أينَ يَمشِى؟ قال: إن كان نَوَى مَكانًا فمَن حَيثُ نَوَى، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ نَوَى مَكانًا فمِن ميقاتِهِ. قال: وأخبَرَنيه عَطاءٌ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵁- بذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4208>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ المَشىَ إلَى مَسجِدِ المَدينَةِ أو مَسجِدِ بَيتِ المَقدِسِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ وعَلِىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُشَدُّ الرِّحالُ إلَّا إلَى ثَلاثَةِ مَساجِدَ؛ المَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، ومَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ، والمَسجِدِ الأقصَى\" (^٤). قال ابنُ المَدينىِّ: هَكَذا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠١٥٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"الحسين\". وتقدم في (٥٨٩، ٧٠٢، ١٠٥٧) وغيرها، وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٤٤) عن الأوزاعى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٠٣٣) من طريق مسدد به. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٠٣٥٨).","vol":"20","page":225},{"text":"حدثنا به سفيانُ هذه المَرَّةَ على هذا اللَّفظِ، وأكثَرُ لَفظِه: \"تُشَدُّ الرِّحالُ إلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَساجِدَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ المَدينِىِّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن قَزَعَةَ مَولَى زيادٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: أربَعٌ أعجَبَتنِى وأينَقَتنِى (^٣) قال: \"لا تُسافِرُ المَرأةُ فوقَ ثَلاثَةِ أيّامٍ إلَّا مَعَ ذِى مَحرَمٍ، ولا صيامَ في يَومَينِ؛ يَومِ الفِطرِ، ويَومِ الأضحَى، ولا صَلاةَ يَعنِى بعدَ صَلاتَينِ، بعدَ الصُّبحِ حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ، وبَعدَ العَصرِ حَتَّى تَغرُبَ الشَّمسُ، ولا تُشَدُّ الرِّحالُ إلّا إلَى ثَلاثَةِ مَساجِدَ؛ مَسجِدِى، والمَسجِدِ الحَرامِ، والمَسجِدِ الأقصَى -أو قال- بَيتِ المَقدِسِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4209>بابُ مَن لَم يَرَ وُجوبَه بالنَّذرِ، أو أقامَ الأفضَلَ مِن هذه المَساجِدِ الثَّلاثَةِ مَقامَ ما هو أدنَى مِنهُ</span>\n\n٢٠١٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٣٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (١١٨٩)، ومسلم (١٣٩٧/ ٥١١).\n(^٣) أينقتنى: أعجبتنى. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤٥، والديباج على مسلم ٢/ ٨٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى (٣٢٦)، وابن حبان (١٦١٧) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به. وتقدم في (٤٤٣٠).\n(^٥) البخاري (١١٩٧)، ومسلم (٨٢٧/ ٤١٦).","vol":"20","page":226},{"text":"أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا قُرَيشُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ الخَصِيبِ (^١)، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ الشَّهيدِ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ -﵄-، أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى نَذَرتُ زَمَنَ الفَتحِ إن فتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيكَ أن أُصَلِّىَ في بَيتِ المَقدِسِ. فقالَ: \"صَلِّ ههنا\". فأعادَها عَلَيه مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فشأنَكَ إذن\" (^٢).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن حَبيبٍ المُعَلِّمِ عن عَطاءٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَعبَدٍ أنَّه قال: إنَّ امرأةً اشتَكَت شَكوَى فقالَت: لَئن شَفانِى اللهُ لأخرُجَنَّ فلَأُصَلّيَنَّ في بَيتِ المَقدِسِ. فبَرأت ثُمَّ تَجَهَّزَت تُريدُ الخُروجَ، فجاءَت مَيمونَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيها، فأخبرَتها ذَلِكَ فقالَت: اجلِسِى فكُلِى ممّا صَنَعتِ، وصَلِّى في مَسجِدِ الرَّسولِ -ﷺ-، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"صَلاةٌ فيه أفضَلُ مِن ألفِ صَلاةٍ فيما سِواه مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"الحصيب\". بالحاء المهملة.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٣٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩١٩)، وأبو داود (٣٣٠٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٢٧)","vol":"20","page":227},{"text":"المَساجِدِ إلّا مَسجِدَ الكَعبَةِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ رَباحٍ وعُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ سَلمانَ، كِلاهُما عن أبى عبدِ اللهِ الأغَرِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"صَلاةٌ في مَسجِدِى هذا خَيرٌ مِن ألفِ صَلاةٍ فيما سِواه إلا المَسجِدَ الحَرامَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" (^٤) عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4210>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ أن يَنحَرَ بمَكَّةَ</span>\n\n٢٠١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"نَحَرتُ ههنا، ومِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٦٩٠) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وأحمد (٢٦٨٢٦) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وأبو يعلى (٧١١٣) من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٩٦/ ٥١٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٠٣٥٩، ١٠٣٧١).\n(^٤) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: حديث أبى هريرة قد أخرجاه جميعًا. ورواه مسلم من وجوه، والله\nأعلم\". اهـ. وتقدم عزو المصنف له إلى مسلم في رقم (١٠٣٥٩، ١٠٣٧١).\n(^٥) البخارى (١١٩٠).\n(^٦) تقدم في (٩٥٣٢، ٩٨٨٣، ١٠٣٢٣).","vol":"20","page":228},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيهِ (^١).\nوقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الحَجِّ حَديثُ عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"مِنًى كُلُّها مَنحَرٌ، وكُلُّ فِجاجِ مَكَّةَ طَريقٌ ومَنحَرٌ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4211>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ أن يَنحَرَ بغَيِرها ليَتَصَدَّقَ</span>\n\n٢٠١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، [حَدَّثَنى أبو] (^٣) قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى ثابِتُ بنُ الضَّحّاكِ قال: نَذَرَ رَجُلٌ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَنحَرَ ببُوانَةَ (^٤)، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل كان فيها وثَنٌ مِن أوثانِ الجاهِليَّةِ يُعبَدُ؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فهَل كان فيها عيدٌ مِن أعيادِهِم؟ \". قالوا: لا. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوفِ بنَذرِكَ؛ فإِنَّه لا وفاءَ لِنَذرٍ في مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠١٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ ابنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٢١٨/ ١٤٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٠٣٢٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"عن أبى\".\n(^٤) بوانة: تطلق على عدة مواضع أشهرها أنها هضبة من وراء ينبع، قريبة من ساحل البحر. معجم\nالبلدان ١/ ٥٠٥، وعون المعبود ٩/ ١٤٠.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٠)، وأبو داود (٣٣١٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٣٤١) من طريق داود بن رشيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٣٤).","vol":"20","page":229},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ مِقسَمٍ وهو ابنُ ضَبَّةَ، حَدَّثَتنِى عَمَّتِى سارَةُ بنتُ مِقسَمٍ، عن مَيمونَةَ بنتِ كَردَمٍ قالَت: رأيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمَكَّةَ وهو على ناقَةٍ له وأنا مَعَ أبى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قالَت: فقالَ له أبى في ذَلِكَ المَقامِ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أذبَحَ عِدَّةً مِنَ الغَنَمِ -قال: لا أعلمُ إلَّا قال: خَمسينَ شاةً على رأسِ بُوانَةَ- فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل عَلَيها مِن هذه الأوثانِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فأوفِ للهِ ما نَذَرتَ له\". قال: فجَمَعَها أبى، فجَعَلَ يَذبَحُها فانفَلَتَت مِنه شاةٌ فطَلَبَها وهو يقولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أوفِ عَنِّى نَذرِى. حَتَّى أخَذَها فذَبَحَها (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ عن يَزيدَ وقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ إن وُلِدَ لِى ولَدٌ ذَكَرٌ، أن أنحَرَ على رأسِ بُوانَةَ في [عَقَبَةٍ مِنَ الثَّنايا] (^٢) عِدَّةً مِنَ الغَنَمِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في \"غرائب الشيوخ\"، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ السَّوّاقُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ الغُدَانِىُّ، حدثنا المَسعودِىُّ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أذبَحَ بِبُوانَةَ. فقالَ: \"فى قَلبِكَ مِنَ الجاهِليَّةِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"أوفِ بنَذرِكَ\" (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٦٤)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٧٨٨٩) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به مطولًا.\n(^٢) العَقَبة: مرقى صعب من الجبال والطريق في أعلى الجبال. والثنية: طريق العقبة، وجمعه ثنايا.\nعون المعبود ٣/ ٢٣٥.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣١٤). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٣٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٣٠)، والبزار (٥٠٢٧)، والطبرانى (١٢٣٥٦) من طريق عبد الله بن رجاء به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٧٣٢).","vol":"20","page":230},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4212>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ هَديًا لَم يُسَمِّهِ</span>\n\n٢٠١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ الهِلالِىُّ وهو سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا كان يَومُ الجُمُعَةِ كان على كُلِّ بابٍ مِن أبوابِ المَسجِدِ مَلائكَةٌ يَكتُبونَ النّاسَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ، فالمُهَجِّرُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ كالمُهدِى بَدَنَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِى يَليه كالمُهدِى بَقَرَةً، ثُمَّ الَّذِى يَليه كالمُهدِى كَبشًا -حَتَّى ذَكَرَ الدَّجاجَةَ والبَيضَةَ- فإِذا جَلَسَ الإمامُ طَوَوُا (^١) الصُّحُفَ واجتَمَعوا لِلخُطبَةِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن سُفيانَ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن الأغَرِّ عن أبى هريرةَ: \"ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى الدَّجاجَةَ، ثُمَّ كالَّذِى يُهدِى البَيضَةَ\" (^٤).\nورُوّينا في كِتابِ الحَجِّ عن علىٍّ وابنِ عباسٍ -﵃- أنَّهُما قالا: الهَدىُ مِنَ الأزواجِ الثمانيَةِ (^٥). واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4213>بابُ مَن قال: للهِ علىَّ أن أصومَ يَومًا سَمّاه فوافَقَ يَومَ فِطرٍ أو أضحًى</span>\n\n٢٠١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، م: \"طوى\". والمثبت كما في حاشية الأصل ومصدر التخريج.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٥٩٢٦).\n(^٣) مسلم ٢/ ٥٨٧ (٨٥٠) عقب (٢٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٣٢١١)، ومسلم (٨٥٠/ ٢٤).\n(^٥) تقدم في (١٠٢٤٣ - ١٠٢٤٥).","vol":"20","page":231},{"text":"أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى حَكيمُ بنُ أبى حُرَّةَ الأسلَمِىُّ، سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَسألُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ ألا يأتِىَ عَلَيه يَومٌ سَمّاه إلَّا وهو صائمٌ فيه، فوافَقَ ذَلِكَ يَومَ أضحًى أو يَومَ فِطرٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: ﴿لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢١]، لَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَصومُ يَومَ الأضحَى ولا يَومَ الفِطرِ، ولا يأمُرُ بصيامِهِما (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىِّ (^٢).\nوفِى هذه الرِّوايَةِ مَعَ ما رُوِّينا عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا وفاءَ لِنَذرٍ في مَعصيَةِ اللهِ، ولا فيما لا يَملِكُ ابنُ آدَمَ\" (^٣). دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه لا يَلزَمُ قَضاؤُه.\n\n٢٠١٦٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أنبأنا يوسُفُ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَير: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- فأتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: إنِّى نَذَرتُ أن أصومَ كُلَّ ثَلاثاءَ أو أربِعاءَ ما عِشتُ، فإِن وافَقتُ هذا اليَومَ يَومَ نَحرٍ؟ فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: إنَّه قَد أمَرَ اللهُ بوَفاءِ النَّذرِ، ونُهينا أن نَصومَ هذا اليَومَ. قال: فخُيِّلَ إلَى الرَّجُلِ أنَّه لَم يَفهَمْ، فأعادَ عَلَيه الكَلامَ الثّانيَةَ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄-: قَد أمَرَ اللهُ بوَفاءِ النَّذرِ ونُهينا عن صيامِ هذا اليَومِ. قال يونُسُ:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٨٣٣١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٠٥).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٨٢٩٠، ٢٠١١٥).","vol":"20","page":232},{"text":"فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلحَسَنِ فقالَ: يَصومُ يَومًا مَكانَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِىِّ عن يَزيدَ بنِ زُرَيعٍ دونَ قَولِ الحَسَنِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عَونٍ عن زيادِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4214>بابُ نَذرِ العُمرَةِ في شَهرٍ مُسَمًّى</span>\nفيه عن جابِرٍ مِن قَولِهِ:\n\n٢٠١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ المَيمونِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ ابنَ عبدِ اللهِ سُئل عن المَرأةِ تَجعَلُ عَلَيها عُمرَةً في شَهرٍ مُسَمًّى، ثُمَّ يَخلو إلَّا لَيلَةً واحِدَةً، ثُمَّ تَحيضُ. قال: لِتَخرُجْ، ثُمَّ لِتُهِلَّ بعُمرَةٍ، ثُمَّ لِتَنتَظِرْ حَتَّى تَطهُرَ، ثُمَّ لِتَطُفْ بالكَعبَةِ، ثُمَّ لِتُصّلِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4215>بابُ مَن نَذَرَ ضَربَ عُنُقِ مُشرِكٍ إن ظَفِرَ به، فأسلَمَ</span>\n\n٢٠١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن نافِعٍ أبى غالِبٍ في حَديثٍ ذَكَرَه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ في الصَّلاةِ على الجِنازَةِ قال: فقالَ العَلاءُ بنُ زيادٍ: يا أبا حَمزَةَ، غَزَوتَ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم غَزَوتُ مَعَه حُنَينًا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٤٤٩) من طريق يونس بن عبيد به. والنسائى في الكبرى (٢٨٣٣) من طريق زياد بن جبير به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٠٦)، ومسلم (١١٣٩/ ١٤٢).","vol":"20","page":233},{"text":"فخَرَجَ المُشرِكونَ فحَمَلوا عَلَينا حَتَّى رأينا خَيلَنا وراءَ ظُهورِنا، وفِى القَومِ رَجُلٌ يَحمِلُ عَلَينا فيَدُقُّنا ويَحطِمُنا، فهَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ ﷿، وجَعَلَ يُجاءُ بهِم فيُبايِعونَه على الإسلامِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: إنَّ علىَّ نَذرًا إن جاءَ اللهُ بالرَّجُلِ الَّذِى كان مُنذُ اليَومِ يَحطِمُنا لأضرِبَنَّ عُنُقَه. فسَكَتَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وجِئَ بالرَّجُلِ، فلَمّا رأى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تُبتُ إلَى اللهِ. فأمسَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لا يُبايِعُه ليَفِىَ الرَّجُلُ بنَذرِه. قال: فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَصدَّى لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ليأمُرَه بقَتلِه، وجَعَلَ يَهابُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَقتُلَه، فلَمّا رأى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه لا يَصنَعُ شَيئًا بايَعَه، فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، نَذرِى. قال: \"إنِّى لَم أُمسِكْ عنه مُنذُ اليَومِ إلَّا لِتُوفِىَ بنَذرِكَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا أومَضتَ إلَىَّ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّه لَيسَ لِنَبِىٍّ أن يومِضَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4216>بابُ مَن ماتَ وعَلَيه نَذرٌ</span>\n\n٢٠١٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قال: قَرأتُ على أبى اليَمانِ أن شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمزَةَ أخبَرَه عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنٍ مَسعودٍ، أن ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: إنَّ سَعدَ بنَ عُبادَةَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣١٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٥٢٩) من طريق عبد الوارث به. والترمذى (١٠٣٤)، وابن ماجه (١٤٩٤) من طريق أبى غالب نافع به مختصرًا، وقال الترمذي: حسن. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٧٣٥)","vol":"20","page":234},{"text":"الأنصارِىَّ استَفتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- في نَذرٍ كان على أُمِّه وتوُفّيَت قبلَ أن تَقضيَه، فأمَرَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَقضيَه عَنها، فكانَت سُنَّةً بَعدُ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبى بشرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن امرأةً رَكِبَتِ البحرَ فنَذَرَت إن نَجّاها اللهُ أن تَصومَ شَهرًا، فنَجّاها اللهُ فلَم تَصُمْ حَتَّى ماتَت، فجاءَت بنتُها أو أُختُها إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فأمَرَها أن تَصومَ عَنها (^٣).\nوسائرُ الرِّواياتِ فيه قَد مَضَت في كِتابِ الصّيامِ وكِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٤)، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣١٢٣) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وتقدم في (٨٣١٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٦٩٨).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٣٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦١) من طريق هشيم به. والنسائي (٣٨٢٥)، وابن خزيمة (٢٠٥٤) من طريق سعيد بن جبير به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٢٨٢٩).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم في (٨٣٠٥ - ٨٣١٢، ٨٧٤٤).","vol":"20","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4217>كتابُ (^١) أدبِ القاضى</span>\nقال اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُه: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٨]. وقال لنبيِّه -ﷺ-: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩]. وبعثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- العُمَّالَ والقُضاةَ، وكذلِكَ الخُلفاءُ من بعدِه، وبهم القدوةُ في الشَّرِيعَةِ، وباللهِ التَّوفيقُ والعِصمةُ:\n\n٢٠١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن صِلَةَ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ رَجُلًا على نَجرانَ فشَكَوه، فقالَ: \"لأبعَثَنَّ عَلَيكُم رَجُلًا أمينًا حَقَّ أمينٍ\". فاستَشرَفَ لها أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فبَعَثَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) من هنا بداية الجزء العاشر من نسخة المصنف، وهى بخطه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٧٧)، والنسائي فى الكبرى (٨١٩٨)، وابن ماجه (١٣٥)، وابن حبان (٦٩٩٩) من طريق شعبة به. والترمذى (٣٧٩٦) من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٧٤٥)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٠/ ٥٥).","vol":"20","page":237},{"text":"شُعبَةُ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارميُّ والحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعُ ابنُ الجَرّاحِ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه ومُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ فقالَ: \"يَسِّرا ولا تُعَسِّرا، وبَشِّرا ولا تُنَفِّرا، وتَطاوَعا ولا تَختَلِفا\". قال: وكانَ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما فُسطاطٌ، يَزورُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما صاحِبَه فيهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، واستَشهَدَ البخارىُّ برِوايَةِ يَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ ووَكيعٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن راشِدِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ السَّكونِىِّ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ أنَّه لما بَعَثَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ خَرَجَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مَعَه يُوصيه بوَصيَّةٍ، ومُعاذٌ راكِبٌ ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَمشِى تَحتَ راحِلَتِه، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال: \"يا مُعاذُ، أنتَ عَسَى ألا تَلقانِى بعدَ عامِى هذا، ولَعَلَّكَ أن تَمُرَّ بمَسجِدِى وقَبرِى\" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا في بَعثَتِه الثّانيَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٨٩٠). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٩٥١) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وأحمد (١٩٦٩٩) من طريق وكيع به. وتقدم في (١٦٦٧٧، ١٧٤٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٣٣/ ٧)، والبخارى (٣٠٣٨، ٤٣٤٥) عقب (٧١٧٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٥٤)، والطبرانى ٢٠/ ١٢١ (٢٤٢) من طريق أبى اليمان به. وابن حبان (٦٤٧) من طريق صفوان بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٥: راشد حسن الحديث.","vol":"20","page":238},{"text":"٢٠١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، عن ورقاءَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- على الصَّدَقَةِ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِرِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: بَعَثَنِى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- قاضيًا، يَعنِى إلَى اليَمَنِ، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّى شابٌّ، وتَبعَثُنِى إلَى أقوامٍ ذَوِى أسنانٍ. قال: فدَعا لِى بدَعَواتٍ ثُمَّ قال: \"إذا أتاكَ الخَصمانِ فسَمِعتَ مِن أحَدِهِما، فلا تَقضيَنَّ حَتَّى تَسمَعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ؛ فإِنَّه أثبَتُ لَكَ\". قال: فما اختَلَفَ علَىَّ بعدَ ذَلِكَ القَضاءُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ بَرهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ قالوا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أبو حَفصٍ الأبّارُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٢٠٣٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٨٣). وتقدم عقب (١٢٠٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٢٨١) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وأحمد (٧٤٥)،\nوالنسائي في الكبرى (٨٤٢٠)، وأبو يعلى (٣٧١) من طريق شريك به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٦:\nتابعه زائدة على بعضه وحسنه الترمذي. وسيأتى في (٢٠٥١٨).","vol":"20","page":239},{"text":"أبى البَختَرِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ فقُلْتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تَبعَثُنِى وأنا حَديثُ السِّنِّ لا عِلمَ لِى بالقَضاءِ؟ قال: \"انطَلِقْ، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ سَيَهدِى قَلبَكَ ويُثَبِّتُ لِسانَكَ\". قال: فما شَكَكتُ في قَضاءٍ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٨٠ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ أبا البَختَرِىِّ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سَمِعَ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: لما بَعَثَنِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، تَبعَثُنِى وأنا رَجُلٌ حَديثُ السِّنِّ لا عِلمَ لِى بكَثيرٍ مِنَ القَضاءِ؟ قال: فضَرَبَ يَدَه في صَدرِى وقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ سَيُثَبِّتُ لِسانَكَ ويَهدِى قَلبَكَ\". فما أعيانِى قَضاءٌ بَينَ اثنَينِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مِسعَرُ بنُ كِدامٍ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ قال: لما ولِىَ أبو بكرٍ ولَّى عُمَرَ -﵄- القَضاءَ، ووَلَّى أبا عُبَيدَةَ المالَ. وقالَ: أعينونِى. فمَكَثَ عُمَرُ سنةً لا يأتيه اثنانِ، أو لا يَقضِى بَينَ اثنَينِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٣٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٤١٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٠) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) الطيالسى (١٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٤٥) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد في العلل (٦١٠٤) من طريق مسعر بن كدام به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٦: منقطع\nالسند.","vol":"20","page":240},{"text":"٢٠١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عامِرُ بنُ شَقيقٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا وائلٍ يقولُ: إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- استَعمَلَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ على القَضاءِ وبَيتِ المالِ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا، عن عامِرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- بَعَثَ ابنَ سُورٍ على قَضاءِ البَصرَةِ، وبَعَثَ شُرَيحًا على قَضاءِ الكوفَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٨٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، أن أبا الدَّرداءِ لما حَضَرَته الوَفاةُ -وكانَ يَقضِى بَينَ أهلِ دِمَشقَ- قال له مُعاويَةُ: مَن تَرَى لِهَذا الأمرِ؟ قال: فَضالَةَ بنَ عُبَيدٍ (^٣)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4218>بابُ فضلِ مَنِ ابتُلِىَ بشَئٍ مِنَ الأعمالِ فقامَ فيه بالقِسطِ وقَضَى بالحَقِّ</span>\n\n٢٠١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٣١٤٤) مطولًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٩٢٢) من طريق زكريا به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٨/ ٣٠٢ من طريق المصنف به. وأحمد في العلل (٣٠٣٠) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.","vol":"20","page":241},{"text":"على مالكٍ، عن خُبَيبِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَفصِ بنِ عاصِمٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ أو أبى هريرةَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"سَبعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللهُ في ظِلِّه يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إلَّا ظِلُّه؛ إمامٌ عادِلٌ، وشابٌّ نَشأ بعِبادَةِ اللهِ، ورَجُلٌ قَلبُه مُعَلَّقٌ بالمَسجِدِ إذا خَرَجَ مِنه حَتَّى يَعودَ إلَيه، ورَجُلانِ تَحابّا في اللهِ فاجتَمَعا على ذَلِكَ وتَفَرَّقا، ورَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللهَ خاليًا ففاضَت عَيناه، ورَجُلٌ دَعَته (^١) ذاتُ حَسَبٍ وجَمالٍ فقالَ: إنِّى أخافُ اللهَ. ورَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقَ بصَدَقَةٍ فأخفاها حَتَّى لا تَعلَمَ شِمالُه ما تُنفِقُ يَمينُه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى (^٣) بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ عُمَرَ عن خُبَيبٍ عن حَفصٍ عن أبى هريرةَ مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ (^٤).\n\n٢٠١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ المُجاشِعِىِّ، أن نَبِىَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال ذاتَ يَومٍ في خُطبَتِه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وقالَ: \"أهلُ الجَنَّةِ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ ذو سُلطانٍ مُقتصِدٌ (^٥) مُتَصَدِّقٌ موَفَّقٌ، ورَجُلٌ رَحيمٌ رَقيقُ القَلبِ لِكُلِّ قُربَى (^٦) ومُسلِمٍ، وفَقيرٌ عَفيفٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ، وأهلُ النّارِ خَمسَةٌ؛ الضَّعيفُ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"امرأة\".\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٩٥٢، ومن طريقه الترمذى (٢٣٩١)، وابن حبان (٧٣٣٨). وتقدم في (٥٠٥٢، ٧٩١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٠٣١/ عقب ٩١).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٦٠، ١٤٢٣، ٦٤٧٩، ٦٨٠٦)، ومسلم (١٠٣١/ ٩١).\n(^٥) في م: \"مقصد\".\n(^٦) في نسخة من الأصل: \"ذى قربى\".","vol":"20","page":242},{"text":"الَّذِى لا زَبْرَ (^١) له، الَّذينَ هُم فيكُم تَبَعٌ لا يَبتَغونَ أهلًا ولا مالًا، والخائنُ الَّذِى لا يَخفَى له طَمَعٌ وإِن دَقَّ إلّا خانَه، ورَجُلٌ لا يُصبِحُ ولا يُمسِى إلَّا وهو يُخادِعُكَ عن أهلِكَ ومالِكَ\". وذَكَرَ البُخلَ و(^٢) الكَذِبَ: \"والشِّنظيرُ (^٣) الفاحِشُ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ وغَيرِه عن قَتادَةَ وقالَ: \"ذو سُلطانٍ مُقسِطٌ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أوسٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُقسِطونَ عِندَ اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ على مَنابِرَ مِن نورٍ عن يَمينِ الرَّحمَنِ، وكِلتا يَدَيه يَمينٌ، الَّذينَ يَعدِلونَ في حُكمِهِم وأهلِهِم (^٦) وما وَلُوا\" (^٧). رَواه مسلمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) لا زبر له: أى لا رأى له يرجع إليه. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٢) عند مسلم: \"أو\". قال القاضى: وفي بعض نسخ مسلم ...: \"والكذب\". ورجح بعض المتكلمين الرواية الأولى، وقال: به تصح القسمة؛ لأنه ذكر الضعيف والخائن والمخادع الذين وصفهم ثم ذكر الشنظير، فهؤلاء خمسة، وبواو العطف يكونون ستة. قال القاضى: وقد تصح عند العدة مع واو العطف، وأن يكون الوصفان من البخل والكذب لواحد جمعهما كما قال: \"والشنظير: الفحاش\" فوصفه بوصفين أيضًا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٤.\n(^٣) الشنظير: السيئ الخلق. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ١/ ٣٠٥.\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (١١٠٤٥)، والآداب (٣٩)، والقضاء والقدر (٥٨٦)، والطيالسى (١١٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٧٨٤) من طريق هشام به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٠٧٠)، وابن حبان (٦٥٣، ٧٤٥٣) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٨٦٥/ ٦٣).\n(^٦) كذا في أصل المصنف، وفي غيرها: \"أهليهم\".\n(^٧) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٦)، والأسماء والصفات (٧٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٤٩٢)، والنسائي=","vol":"20","page":243},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، عن سَعدٍ الطّائىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو المُدِلَّةِ، سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا تُرَدُّ دَعوَتُهُمُ، الإمامُ العادِلُ، والصّائمُ حَتَّى يُفطِرَ، ودَعوَةُ المَظلومِ تُحمَلُ على الغَمامِ وتُفتَحُ لها أبوابُ السَّماءِ، ويَقولُ الرَّبُّ: وعِزَّتِى لأنصُرَنَّكِ ولَو بعدَ حينٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ بهَذا الحديثِ على غَيرِ ما حدثنا به الزُّهرِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ قَيسَ بنَ أبى حازِمٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا حَسَدَ إلّا في اثنَتَينِ، رَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ مالًا فسَلَّطَه على هَلَكَتِه في الحقِّ، ورَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ حِكمَةً فهو يَقضِى بها ويُعَلِّمُها\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِىِّ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن\n_________\n= (٥٣٩٤)، وابن حبان (٤٤٨٤، ٤٤٨٥) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٢٧/ ١٨).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٦٤٦٤).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٣)، والمعرفة (٥٨٥٢)، والحميدى (٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٠٩)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٠٨)، وابن حبان (٩٠) من حديث إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.","vol":"20","page":244},{"text":"أوجهٍ أخَرَ عن إسماعيلَ (^١).\n\n٢٠١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عباسٌ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُلازِمُ بنُ عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنِى موسَى بنُ نَجدَةَ، عن جَدِّه يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وهو أبو كَثيرٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن طَلَبَ قَضاءَ المُسلِمينَ حَتَّى يَنالَه، ثُمَّ غَلَبَ عَدلُه جَورَه فلَه الجَنَّةُ، ومَن غَلَبَ جَورُه عَدلَه فلَه النّارُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ البُرُلُّسِىُّ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَزيدَ الأشعَرِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا جَلَسَ القاضِى في مَكانِه هَبَطَ عَلَيه مَلَكانِ يُسَدِّدانِه ويوفِّقانِه ويُرشِدانِه، ما لَم يَجُرْ، فإِذا جارَ عَرَجا وتَرَكاه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ بنِ الفَضلِ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٧٣)، ومسلم (٨١٦/ ٢٦٨).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٥٧٥). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٧٦٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخه ١٤/ ١١٩ من طريق أحمد بن الحسن به. وابن سمعون في أماليه (٢٤٢)، وتمام في فوائده (١٣٣) من طريق العلاء بن عمرو به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٨: يحيى ضعفه أحمد، والعلاء واهٍ.","vol":"20","page":245},{"text":"عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ الكِلابِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ، عن الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ مَعَ القاضِى ما لَم يَجُرْ، فإِذا جارَ بَرِئَ اللهُ مِنه ولَزِمَه الشَّيطانُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠١٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أنبأنا ابنُ صاعِدٍ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن عِمرانَ القَطّانِ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِىِّ، عن ابنِ أبى أوفَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ مَعَ القاضِى ما لَم يَجُرْ، فإِذا جارَ وكَلَه إلَى نَفسِه\". قال ابنُ صاعِدٍ: رَواه عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ عن عِمرانَ القَطّانِ فلَم يَذكُرْ في إسنادِه حُسَينًا (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ القُهُندُزِىُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عَطيَّةُ العَوفِىُّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أحَبَّ النّاسِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٥٠). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٩٣ من طريق أبى قلابة به. وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. والترمذى (١٣٣٠)، وابن حبان (٥٠٦٢) من طريق عمران القطان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٤١٥٠)، وابن عدى في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٤٥. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣١٢) عن أحمد بن سنان القطان به. وابن أبى عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٣٦٥) من طريق محمد بن بلال به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٩: حذف المعلم أشبه. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٨٧٠).","vol":"20","page":246},{"text":"إلَى اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ وأقرَبَهُم مِني مَجلِسًا إمامٌ عادِلٌ، وأبغَضَ النّاسِ إلَى اللهِ يَومَ القيامَةِ وأشَدَّهُم عَذابًا إمامٌ جائرٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ كُردُوسَ بنَ قَيسٍ، وكانَ قاضِىَ العامَّةِ بالكوفَةِ قال: أخبرَنِى رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ بَدرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لأن أقعُدَ في مِثلِ هذا المَجلِسِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أُعتِقَ أربَعَ رِقابٍ\". قال شُعبَةُ: فقُلتُ: لأىِّ مَجلِسٍ يَعنِى؟ قال: كان قاضيًا (^٢).\n\n٢٠١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مُعمَّرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الرَّقِّىُّ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ كان يقولُ: لأن أقضِىَ يَومًا وأوافِقَ فيه الحَقَّ والعَدلَ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن غَزوِ سنةٍ. أو قال: مِائَةِ يَومٍ.\nرَفَعَه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ مُنقَطِعًا، وإِنَّما يُروَى عن مَسروقٍ:\n\n٢٠١٩٧ - أخبرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ محمدُ بنُ هارونَ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٦٦)، وعبد الله بن المبارك في مسنده (٢٦٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١١٥٢٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٣٢٩) من طريق الفضيل بن مرزوق به، وقال: حسن غريب. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٦٩: عطية ضعيف.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٥٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٠٠) من طريق أبى النضر به. والطبرانى (٨٠١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":247},{"text":"ابنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا مُجالِدُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عامِرٌ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن حاكِمٍ يَحكُمُ بَينَ النّاسِ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: وقالَ مَسروقٌ: لأن أقضِىَ يَومًا بحَقٍّ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن أغزوَ سنةً في سَبيلِ اللهِ ﷿ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4219>بابُ فضلِ المُؤمِنِ القَوِىِّ الَّذِى يَقومُ بأمرِ النّاسِ ويَصبِرُ على أذاهُم</span>\n\n٢٠١٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عثمانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنُ القَوِىُّ خَيرٌ وأحَبُّ إلَى اللهِ مِنَ المُؤمِنِ الضَّعيفِ، وفِى كُلٍّ خَيرٌ، احرِصْ على ما يَنفَعُكَ، واستَعِن باللهِ ولا تَعجِزْ، وإِن أصابَكَ شَئٌ فلا تَقُل: لَو أنِّى فعَلتُ كَذا وكَذا. قُلْ: قَدَرُ اللهِ وما شاءَ فعَلَ. فإِنَّ لَو تَفتَحُ عَمَلَ الشَّيطانِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِهِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٥/ ٢٠٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٩٧) -ومن طريقه الطبرانى في الأوسط (٣٧٨٥) - وابن ماجه (٢٣١١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد القطان به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٢٩٥) من طربق مجالد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٠٨).\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٣٣٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٩) من طريق أبى بكر ابن أبى شيبة به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٤٦١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وأحمد (٨٧٩١، ٨٨٢٩) من طريق ربيعة بن عثمان به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٦٤/ ٣٤).","vol":"20","page":248},{"text":"٢٠١٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا عَمّارُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، عن شُعبَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى الأعمَشُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُؤمِنُ الَّذِى يُخالِطُ النّاسَ ويَصبِرُ على أذاهُم أفضَلُ مِنَ المُؤمِنِ الَّذِى لا يُخالِطُ النّاسَ ولا يَصبِرُ على أذاهُم\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى عبدِ اللهِ.\n\n٢٠٢٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا العباسُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ وثّابٍ وأبِى صالِحٍ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنُ الَّذِى يُخالِطُ النّاسَ ويَصبِرُ على أذاهُم، أعظَمُ أجرًا مِنَ المُؤمِنِ الَّذِى لا يُخالِطُ النّاسَ ولا يَصبِرُ على أذاهُم\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأزرَقِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن عَسعَسِ بنِ سَلامَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كان في سَفَرٍ ففَقَدَ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِه، فأُتِىَ به فقالَ: إنِّى أرَدتُ أن أخلوَ بعِبادَةِ رَبِّى وأعتَزِلَ النّاسَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٥٠٢٢)، والترمذى (٢٥٠٧) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (٤٠٣٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٢٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٦٢٣) عن محمد بن عبيد الطنافسى به. والحارث بن أبى أسامة (٨١١ - بغية) من طريق الأعمش به. وعندهما: عن يحيى بن وثاب وحده.","vol":"20","page":249},{"text":"\"فلا تَفعَلْه، ولا يَفعَلْه أحَدٌ مِنكُم -قالَها ثَلاثًا- فلَصَبرُ ساعَةٍ في بَعضِ مَواطِنِ المُسلِمينَ خَيرٌ مِن عِبادَةِ أربَعينَ عامًا خاليًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4220>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن القَضاءَ وسائرَ أعمالِ الوُلاةِ مِمّا يَكونُ أمرًا بمَعروفٍ أو نَهيًا عن مُنكَرٍ مِن فُروضِ الكِفاياتِ</span>\n\n٢٠٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الجَهمِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، عن حُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"انصُرْ أخاكَ ظالمًا أو مَظلومًا\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا نَنصُرُه مَظلومًا، فكَيفَ نَنصُرُه ظالمًا؟ قال: \"تَمنَعُه مِنَ الظُّلمِ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن حُمَيدٍ (^٣).\nورُوّينا عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ. فذَكَرَهُنَّ وفيهِنَّ: ونَصرِ المَظلومِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٣٠٥). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٦٤٩) عن عبد الله بن جعفر به.\nوالمصنف في الشعب (٤٢٢٨)، والحارث بن أبى أسامة (٦١٩ - بغية) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٠٧٩)، والحارث بن أبى أسامة (٧٦١ - بغية) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وتقدم في (١١٦٢٠، ١١٦٢١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٤٣، ٢٤٤٤).\n(^٤) تقدم في (٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١، ١١٦١٩، ١٤٦٤٣، ١٩٨٩٣، ١٩٩١٦).","vol":"20","page":250},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن الحارِثِ يَعنِى ابنَ فُضَيلٍ الخَطمِىَّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ المِسوَرِ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن نَبِىٍّ بَعَثَه اللهُ في أُمَّةٍ قَبلِى إلّا كان له مِن أُمّتِه حَوارِىٌّ وأصحابٌ يأخُذونَ بسُنَنِه ويَقتَدونَ بها، ثُمَّ يَخلُفُ مِن بَعدِهِم خُلوفٌ يَقولونَ ما لا يَفعَلونَ، ويَفعَلونَ ما لا يُؤمَرونَ، فمَن جاهَدَهُم بيَدِه فهو مُؤمِنٌ، ومَن جاهَدَهُم بلِسانِه فهو مُؤمِنٌ، ومَن جاهَدَهُم بقَلبِه فهو مُؤمِنٌ، ولَيسَ وراءَ ذلِكَ مِنَ الإيمانِ حَبَّةُ خَردَلٍ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\nوحَديثُ أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ في مَعناه قَد مَضَى بتَمامِه في كِتابِ صَلاةِ العيدَينِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رَجاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن رأى مِنكُم مُنكَرًا فإِنِ استَطاعَ أن يُغَيِّرَه بيَدِه فليُغَيِّرْه بيَدِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ فبِلِسانِه، فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ فبِقَلبِه، وذَلِكَ أضعَفُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٣٢٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٣٧٩) من طريق صالح بن كيسان به. والطبرانى (٩٧٨٤)، وابن حبان (٦١٩٣) من طريق الحارث بن فضيل به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٥٠/ ٨٠).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٦٢٧١).","vol":"20","page":251},{"text":"الإيمانِ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٠٥ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا نَضرَةَ (^٣) عن (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ وعَبدُ الصَّمَدِ قالا: حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَمنَعَنَّ أحَدَكُم مَخافَةُ النّاسِ أن يَتَكَلَّمَ بحَقٍّ إذا عَلِمَه\". قال أبو سعيدٍ: فما زالَ بنا البَلاءُ حَتَّى قَصَّرنا، وإِنّا لَنُبَلِّغُ في السِّرِّ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٠٦ - وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى مَسلَمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا نَضرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه. قال أبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ: وذاكَ الَّذِى حَمَلَنِى على أن رَحَلتُ إلَى مُعاويَةَ، فمَلأتُ مَسامِعَه ثُمَّ رَجَعتُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٧٣)، وأبو داود (١١٤٠، ٤٣٤٠)، وابن ماجه (١٢٧٥، ٤٠١٣)، وابن حبان (٣٠٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٤٩/ ٧٩).\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"يحدث\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٦٩)، وابن حبان (٢٧٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٠٣)، وابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٠/ ٣٧٧ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":252},{"text":"٢٠٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن زُبَيدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى جُحَيفَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: كان الجِهادُ ثَلاثَةً؛ فأوَّلُ ما يُغلَبُ عَلَيه اليَدُ، ثُمَّ اللِّسانُ، ثُمَّ القَلبُ، فإِذا كان القَلبُ لا يَعرِفُ حَقًّا ولا يُنكِرُ مُنكَرًا نُكِسَ، فجُعِلَ أعلاه أسفَلَه. هَذا مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٢٠٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبى طُوالَةَ، عن نَهارٍ العَبدِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ لَيَسألُ العَبدَ يَومَ القيامَةِ عن كُلِّ شَئٍ، حَتَّى يَسألُه ما مَنَعَكَ إذا رأيتَ مُنكَرًا أن تُنكِرَه؟ فإِذا لَقَّى اللهُ العَبدَ حُجَّتَه قال: يا رَبِّ رَجَوتُكَ وخِفتُ النّاسَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى إجازَةً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن أبى البَختَرِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحقِرَنَّ أحَدُكُم نَفسَه أن يَرَى أمرًا للهِ عَلَيه فيه مَقالٌ لا يَقومُ به، فيَلقَى اللهَ فيَقولُ: ما مَنَعَكَ أن تَقولَ يَومَ كَذا كَذا؟ قال: يارَبِّ (^٢)\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٧٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٧٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠١٧) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٢٤٤).\n(^٢) بعده في س، م: \"إنى\".","vol":"20","page":253},{"text":"خَشِيتُ النّاسَ\". قال: \"قال: إيّاىَ أحَقُّ أن تَخشَى\" (^١).\nوتابَعَه زُبَيدٌ وشُعبَةُ عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ بنُ مُطَهَّرٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن المُعَلَّى بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى غالِبٍ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ رَمَى الجَمرَةَ قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أىُّ الجِهادِ أحَبُّ إلَى اللهِ؟ قال: \"كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ تُقالُ لإمامٍ جائرٍ\". قال المُعَلَّى: وكانَ الحَسَنُ يقولُ: \"لإمامٍ ظالِمٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قارِئُ أهلِ البَصرَةِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ قال: أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ جَنْزَةَ المدائنِىُّ، حدثنا سَلَّامٌ أبو المُنذِرِ المُقرِئُ البَصرِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الصّامِتِ، عن أبى ذَزٍّ قال: أوصانِى خَليلِى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنِى أن أنظُرَ إلَى مَن هو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد بن حميد (٩٧١ - منتخب) عن محمد بن عبيد به. وأحمد (١١٢٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٠٨) من طريق الأعمش به. والطبرانى في الأوسط (٥١٩٩) من طريق عمرو بن مرة به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٨٦٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٤٤٠)، وعبد بن حميد (٩٧٢ - منتخب) من طريق زبيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢١٥٨)، والطبرانى (٨٠٨٠) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به. وابن ماجه (٤٠١٢) من طريق أبى غالب به. وقال الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٢٤١): حسن صحيح.","vol":"20","page":254},{"text":"دونِى ولا أنظُرَ إلَى مَن هو فوقِى، وأمَرَنِى بحُبِّ المَساكينِ والدُّنوِّ مِنهُم، وأمَرَنِى ألا أسألَ أحَدًا شَيئًا، وأمَرَنِى أن أصِلَ الرَّحِمَ وإِن أدبَرَت، وأمَرَنِى أن أقولَ الحَقَّ وإِن كان مُرًّا، وأمَرَنِى ألا يأخُذَنِى في اللهِ لَومَةُ لائمٍ، وأمَرَنِى أن أُكثِرَ مِن قَولِ: لا حَولَ ولا قوَّةَ إلَّا باللهِ. فإِنَّها مِن كَنزِ الجَنَّةِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِه عن المُحَمَّداباذِىِّ.\n\n٢٠٢١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِىِّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ والحَسَنُ بنُ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ واسِعِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه في التّاسِعِ مِنَ الإملاءِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا الأعمَشُ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن النُّعمانِ ابنِ بَشيرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَثَلُ الواقِعِ في حُدودِ اللهِ والمُداهِنِ فيها كَمَثَلِ قَومٍ استَهَموا على سَفينَةٍ، فأصابَ بَعضَهُم سُفلٌ وأصابَ بَعضَهُم عُلوٌ، فكانَ الَّذينَ في السُّفلِ يَستَقونَ مِنَ العُلوِ فيَمُرّونَ عَلَيهِم فيُؤذونَهُم، فقالَ الّذينَ في العُلوِ: قَد آذَيتُمونا، تَصُبّونَ عَلَينا الماءَ\". قال: \"فأخَذوا فأسًا -يَعنِى الَّذينَ في السُّفلِ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٤١٥) من طريق سلام أبى المنذر به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠١٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤٤٩) من طريق محمد بن واسع به.\n(^٢) ذكره الدارقطني في العلل عقب (١١١٧). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٧٢: إسناده صالح ولم يخرجوه.","vol":"20","page":255},{"text":"فجَعَلوا يَحفِرونَ في السَّفينَةِ، فقالَ لَهمُ الَّذينَ في العُلوِ: ما تَصنَعونَ؟ فإِن تَرَكوهُم وما يُريدونَ هَلكوا جَميعًا، وإِن أخَذوا على أيديهِم نَجَوا جَميعًا\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: قامَ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁- فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّكُم تَقرَءونَ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٥] وإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ النّاسَ إذا رأوُا الظّالِمَ ثُمَّ لَم يأخُذوا على يَدَيه، أوشَكوا أن يَعُمَّهُمُ اللهُ بعِقابٍ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢١٥ - ورَواه خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الواسِطىُّ عن إسماعيلَ بمَعناه. زادَ فيه: إنَّكُم تَقرَءونَ هذه الآيَةَ وتَضَعونَها على غَيرِ مَوضِعِها. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٦١)، والترمذى (٢١٧٣) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن حبان (٢٩٧) من طريق عامر الشعبى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٨٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٥٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٠)، والترمذى (٢١٦٨، ٣٠٥٧) من طريق يزيد ابن هارون به. والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٥٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٠٥)، وابن حبان (٣٠٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٣٣٨). وصححه الألبانى في صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٤٤).","vol":"20","page":256},{"text":"٢٠٢١٦ - ورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن إسماعيلَ بزيادَتِه، إلَّا أنَّه قال: وإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن قَومٍ يُعمَلُ فيهِم بالمَعاصِى يَقدِرونَ على أن يُغَيِّروا فلا يُغَيِّروا، إلّا أوشَكَ أن يَعُمَّهُمُ اللهُ مِنه بعِقابٍ\". أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ مَهرُويَه بنِ عباسِ بنِ سِنانٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عَونٍ الواسِطىُّ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٢١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السِّمسارُ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ قالا: أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن قَومٍ يُعمَلُ فيهِم بالمَعاصِى هُم أكثَرُ وأعَزُّ ممَّن يَعمَلُ بها، ثُمَّ لا يُغَيِّرونَه إلّا يوشِكُ أن يَعُمَّهُم اللهُ بعِقابٍ\". وفِى حَديثِ وهبٍ: \"إلّا عَمَّهُم\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، أنبأنا عُتبَةُ بنُ أبى حَكيمٍ الهَمْدانِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٣٣٨) من طريق عمرو بن عون الواسطى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٣٠) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٤٣٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٠٩)، وابن حبان (٣٠٠، ٣٠٢) من طريق أبى إسحاق السبيعى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٧٣: تابعه إسرائيل. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبى داود (٣٦٤٦).","vol":"20","page":257},{"text":"(ح) وأنبأنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ العَتَكِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عُتبَةَ بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ جاريَةَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو أُمَيَّةَ الشَّعبانِىُّ -وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ شُعَيبٍ: عن أبى أُمَيَّةَ الشَّعبانِىِّ- قال: أتَيتُ أبا ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىَّ فقُلتُ: كَيفَ تَصنَعُ بهَذِه الآيَةِ؟ قال: أيَّةُ آيَةٍ؟ قال: قُلتُ: قَولُه تَعالَى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾. قال: أما واللهِ، لَقَد سألتَ عَنها خَبيرًا؛ سألتُ عَنها رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"بَل ائتَمِروا بالمَعروفِ وتَناهَوا عن المُنكَرِ، حتَّى إذا رأيتَ شُحًّا مُطاعًا، وهَوًى مُتَّبَعًا، ودُنيا مُؤثَرَةً، وإِعجابَ كُلِّ ذِى رأْيٍ برأيِه، ورأيتَ أمرًا لا يَدانِ لَكَ به، فعَلَيكَ نَفسَكَ ودَعْ عَنكَ أمرَ العَوامِّ، فإِنَّ مِن ورائكَ أيّامَ الصَّبرِ؛ الصَّبرُ فيهِنَّ مِثلُ قَبضٍ على الجَمرِ، لِلعامِلِ فيهِنَّ كأجرِ خَمسينَ رَجُلًا يَعمَلونَ مِثلَ عَمَلِه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ شُعَيبٍ. زادَ ابنُ المُبارَكِ في رِوايَتِه قال: وزادَنِى غَيرُه: قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أجرُ خَمسينَ مِنهُم؟ قال: \"أجرُ خَمسينَ مِنكُم\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، أنبانا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٧٥٥٤)، وفي الآداب (٢٠٢) وفي الاعتقاد ص ٣٣٨، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٢٢ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، وأبو داود (٤٣٤١). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٠٥٨)، وابن حبان (٣٨٥) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به، وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وابن ماجه (٤٠١٤) من طريق عتبة بن أبى حكيم به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٣٤).","vol":"20","page":258},{"text":"أنبأنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِىُّ، عن الرَّبيعِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبى العاليَةِ قال: كانوا عِندَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، فوَقَعَ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ ما يَقَعُ بَينَ النّاسِ، فوَثَبَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما إلَى صاحِبِه، فقالَ بَعضُهُم: ألا أقومُ فآمُرَهُما بالمَعروفِ وأنهاهُما عن المُنكَرِ؟ فقالَ بَعضُهُم: عَلَيكَ نَفسَكَ، إنَّ اللهَ قال: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾ فسَمِعَها ابنُ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: لَم يَجِئْ تأويلُ هذه الآيَةِ بَعدُ، إنَّ القُرآنَ أُنزِلَ حينَ أُنزِلَ وكانَ مِنه آىٌ مَضى تأويلُه قبلَ أن تَنزِلَ، وكانَ مِنه آىٌ وقَعَ تأويلُه بعدَ [رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسنينَ، ومنه آىٌ يقعُ تأويلُه بعدَ] (^١) اليَومِ، ومِنه آىٌ يَقَعُ تأويلُه عِندَ السّاعَةِ وما ذُكِر مِن أمرِ السّاعَةِ، ومِنه آىٌ يَقَعُ تأويلُه بعدَ يَومِ الحِسابِ والجَنَّةِ والنّارِ، فما دامَت قُلوبُكُم واحِدَةً، وأهواؤُكُم واحِدَةً، ولَم تُلبَسوا شيَعًا، ولَم يُذَقْ بَعضُكُم بأسَ بَعضٍ، فمُروا وانهَوا، فإِذا اختَلَفَتِ القُلوبُ والأهواءُ وأُلبِستُم شيَعًا وذاقَ بَعضُكُم بأسَ بَعضٍ، فامرُؤٌ ونَفسُه، فعِندَ ذَلِكَ جاءَ تأويلُها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: دَخَلتُ على ابنِ عباسٍ وهو يَقرأُ في المُصحَفِ قبلَ أن يَذهَبَ بَصَرُه وهو يَبكِى، فقُلتُ: ما يُبكيكَ يا ابنَ عباسٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه نعيم بن حماد في الفتن (٣٨)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٤٧، وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٦٩٢٢) من طريق أبى جعفر الرازى به.","vol":"20","page":259},{"text":"جَعَلَنِى اللهُ فِداءَكَ؟ فقالَ لِى: هَل تَعرِفُ أيلَةَ؟ فقُلتُ: وما أيلَةُ؟ قال: قَريَةٌ كان بها ناسٌ مِنَ اليَهودِ، فحَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيهِمُ الحيتانَ يَومَ السَّبتِ، فكانَت حيتانُهُم تأتيهِم يَومَ سَبتِهِم شُرَّعًا، بيضٌ سِمانٌ كأمثالِ المَخاضِ (^١) بأفنياتِهِم (^٢) وأبنياتِهِم، فإِذا كان في غَيرِ يَومِ السَّبتِ لَم يَجِدوها ولَم يُدرِكوها إلَّا في مَشَقَّةٍ ومُؤنَةٍ شَديدَةٍ، فقالَ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ، أو مَن قال ذَلِكَ مِنهُم: لَعَلَّنا لَو أخَذناها يَومَ السَّبتِ وأكَلناها في غَيرِ يَومِ السَّبتِ. ففَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أهلُ بَيتٍ مِنهُم، فأخَذوا فشَوَوا، فوَجَدَ جيرانُهُم ريحَ الشِّواءِ فقالوا: واللهِ ما نَرَى أصابَ بَنِى فُلانٍ شَئٌ. فأخَذَها آخَرونَ، حَتَّى فشا ذَلِكَ فيهِم وكَثُرَ، فافتَرَقوا فِرَقًا ثَلاثَةً؛ فِرقَةٌ أكَلَت، وفِرقَةٌ نَهَت، وفِرقَةٌ قالَت: ﴿لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا﴾ [الأعراف: ١٦٤]. فقالَتِ الفِرقَةُ التى نَهَت: إنّا نُحَذِّرُكُم غَضَبَ اللهِ وعِقابَه أن يُصيبَكُمُ اللهُ بخَسفٍ أو قَذفٍ أو ببَعضِ ما عِندَه مِنَ العَذابِ، واللهِ لا نُبايِتُكُم في مَكانٍ وأنتُم فيه. قال: فخَرَجوا مِنَ السُّورِ، فغَدَوا عَلَيه مِنَ الغَدِ فضَرَبوا بابَ السُّورِ، فلَم يُجِبهُم أحَدٌ، فأتَوا بسُلَّمٍ فأسنَدوه إلَى السُّورِ، ثُمَّ رَقِىَ مِنهُم راقٍ على السُّورِ فقالَ: يا عِبادَ اللهِ، قِرَدَةٌ واللهِ لها أذنابٌ تَعاوَى (^٣). ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ مِنَ السُّورِ ففَتَحَ السُّورَ، فدَخَلَ النّاسُ عَلَيهِم، فعَرَفَتِ القُرودُ أنسابَها مِنَ الإنسِ، ولَم تَعرِفِ الإنسُ أنسابَها مِنَ القُرودِ.\n_________\n(^١) المخاض: اسم للنوق الحوامل، واحدتها خلفة، وهو نادر على غير قياس. النهاية ٤/ ٣٠٦، والتاج ١٩/ ٤٨ (م خ ض).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"بأفنيائهم\".\n(^٣) في م: \"تعادى\".","vol":"20","page":260},{"text":"قال: فيأتِى القِردُ إلَى نَسيبِه وقَريبِه مِنَ الإنسِ فيَحتَكُّ به ويَلصَقُ، ويَقولُ الإنسانُ: أنتَ فُلانٌ؟ فيُشيرُ برأسِه، أى نَعَم. ويَبكِى، وتأتِى القِردَةُ إلَى نَسيبِها وقَريبِها مِنَ الإنسِ فيَقولُ لها الانسانُ: أنتِ فُلانَةُ؟ فتُشيرُ برأسِها؛ أى نَعَم. وتَبكِى، فيَقولُ لَهم الإنسُ: إنّا حَذَّرناكُم غَضَبَ اللهِ وعِقابَه أن يُصيبَكُم بخَسفٍ أو مَسخٍ أو ببَعضِ ما عِندَه مِنَ العَذابِ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: فأسمَعُ اللهَ تَعالَى يقولُ: ﴿أَنْجَيْنَا (^١) الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٦٥]. فلا أدرِى ما فعَلَتِ الفِرقَةُ الثّالِثَةُ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: فكَم قَد رأينا من (^٢) مُنكَرٍ فلَم نَنهَ عنه. قال عِكرِمَةُ: فقُلتُ: ألا تَرَى -جَعَلَنِى اللهُ فِداءَكَ- أنَّهُم قَد أنكَروا وكَرِهوا حينَ قالوا: ﴿لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا﴾ فأعجَبَه قَولِى ذَلِكَ، وأمَرَ لِى ببُردَينِ غَليظَينِ فكَسانيهِما (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدٍ النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ بَذيمَةَ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في النسخ: \"فأنجينا\" بالفاء، وفي حاشية الأصل: \"كذا، أنجينا، التلاوة بغير فاء\".\n(^٢) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٦١٤٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا في العقوبات (٢٢٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٠/ ٥٠٧ من طريق يحيى بن سليم به. وابن أبى حاتم في تفسيره (٨٤٥٥)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ٣٣٠ من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"20","page":261},{"text":"أوَّلَ ما دَخَلَ النَّقصُ على بَنِى إسرائيلَ كان الرَّجُلُ يَلقَى الرَّجُلَ، فيَقولُ: يا هذا اتَّقِ اللهَ ودَعْ ما تَصنَعُ؛ فإِنَّه لا يَحِلُّ لَكَ. ثُمَّ يَلقاه مِنَ الغَدِ فلا يَمنَعُه ذَلِكَ أن يَكونَ أكيلَه وشَريبَه وقَعيدَه، فلَمّا فعَلوا ذَلِكَ ضَرَبَ اللهُ قُلوبَ بَعضِهِم ببَعضٍ\". ثُمَّ قال: ﴿لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى لِسَانِ دَاوُودَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ (٧٨) كَانُوا لَا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٧٨، ٧٩]. ثُمَّ قال: \"كَلَّا واللهِ لَتأمُرُنَّ بالمَعروفِ، ولَتَنهَوُنَّ عن المُنكَرِ، ولَتأخُذُنَّ على يَدِ الظّالِمِ ولَتأطُرُنَّه على الحَقِّ أطرًا، ولَتَقصرُنَّه على الحَقِّ قَصرًا\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ غالِبٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ بَعضُهُنَّ أسفَلُ مِن بَعضٍ، فقيلَ: يا أبا محمدٍ مَن ذَكَرتَ؟ قال: الزُّهرِىَّ، عن عُروةَ، عن أربَعِ نِسوَةٍ بَعضُهُنَّ أسفَلُ مِن بَعضٍ. قيلَ: يا أبا محمدٍ ما اسمُهُنَّ؟ فقالَ: الزُّهرِىُّ، عن عُروةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ، عن حَبيبَةَ، عن أُمِّها أمِّ حَبيبَةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ قالَت: استَيقَظَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِن نَومٍ وهو مُحمَرٌّ وجهُه فقالَ: \"لا إلَهَ إلّا اللهُ، ويلٌ لِلعَرَبِ مِن شَرٍّ قَدِ اقتَرَبَ، فُتِحَ اليَومَ مِن رَدمِ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٣٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧١٣)، والترمذى (٣٠٤٧)، وابن ماجه عقب (٤٠٠٧)، والطبرانى (١٠٢٦٤ - ١٠٢٦٦) من طريق على بن بذيمة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبى داود (٩٣٢).","vol":"20","page":262},{"text":"يأجوجَ ومأجوجَ\". وعَقَدَ تِسعينَ (^١) فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أنَهلِكُ وفينا الصّالِحونَ؟ فقالَ: \"نَعَم إذا كَثُرَ الخَبَثُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٢٣ - وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللهِ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبى سلمةَ، عن حَبيبَةَ، عن أُمِّها أُمِّ حَبيبَةَ، عن زَينَبَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: وهو يقولُ: \"لا إلَهَ إلّا اللهُ\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ. وقالَ: وحَلَّقَ حَلْقَةً بإِصبَعِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مالكِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٢٤ - أخبَرنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأشهَلِىِّ، عن حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليَمانِ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَتأمُرُنَّ بالمَعروفِ ولَتَنهَوُنَّ عن المُنكَرِ، أو لَيوشِكَنَّ اللهُ أن يَبعَثَ عَلَيكُم عِقابًا مِن عِندِه، ثُمَّ لَتَدعوُنَّه فلا يَستَجيبُ لَكُم\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) عقد التسعين: من مواضعات الحُسَّاب، وهو أن تجعل رأس الأصبع السبابة في أصل الإبهام وتضمها حتى لا يبين بينهما إلا خلل يسير. النهاية ٢/ ٢١٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في الاعتقاد ص ٢٨١. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٤١٣) عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (٢١٨٧)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٣١١)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٥٣)، وابن حبان (٦٨٣١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٠٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٨٨٠) عقب (١).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٠١) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به. والترمذى (٢١٦٩) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به، وقال: حديث حسن.","vol":"20","page":263},{"text":"٢٠٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الدَّلَّالُ، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عثمانَ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومًا فعَرَفتُ في وجهِه أنْ قَد حَضَرَه (^١) شَئٌ، فتَوَضّأَ وخَرَجَ وما يُكَلِّمُ أحَدًا، فلَصِقتُ بالحُجُراتِ أسمَعُ ما يقولُ، فقَعَدَ على المِنبَرِ ثُمَّ قال: \"أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: مُروا بالمعروفِ وانهَوا عن المُنكَرِ، مِن قَبلِ أن تَدعونِى فلا أُجيبَكُم، وتَسألونِى فلا أُعطيَكُم، وتَستَنصِرونِى فلا أنصُرَكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٢٦ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ المَحبوبِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَيّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ جَبَلَةَ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ مُدرِكِ بنِ المُهَلَّبِ بسِجِستانَ في سُرادِقِه، فسَمِعتُ شَيخًا يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى سُفيانَ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللهَ لا يُقَدِّسُ أُمَّةً لا يأخُذُ الضَّعيفُ حَقَّه مِنَ القَوِىِّ وهو غَيرُ مُتَعتَعٍ (^٣) \".\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"حفزه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٢٥٥)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٠٤) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وابن حبان (٢٩٠)، والطبرانى في الأوسط (٦٦٦٥) من طريق عمرو بن عثمان بن هانئ به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٧٦: عاصم مجهول.\n(^٣) غير متعتع: من غير أن يصيبه أذى يقلقله ويزعجه. النهاية ١/ ١٩٠. والحديث عند الحاكم ٣/ ٢٥٦. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ١٨٧ من طريق عبد الله بن عثمان بن جبلة به.","vol":"20","page":264},{"text":"٢٠٢٢٧ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى وبُندارٌ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبى سُفيانَ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ قال: كان لِرَجُلٍ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- تَمرٌ فأتاه يَتَقاضاه، فاستَقْرَضَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مِن خَولَةَ بنتِ حَكيمٍ تَمرًا، وأعطاه إيّاه وقالَ: \"أما إنَّه قَد كان عِندِى تَمرٌ ولَكِنَّه كان غُبْرًا\" (^١). ثُمَّ قال: \"كَذَلِكَ يَفعَلُ عِبادُ اللهِ المُؤمِنونَ، إنَّ اللهَ لا يَتَرَحَّمُ على أُمَّةٍ لا يأخُذُ الضَّعيفُ فيهِم حَقَّه غَيرَ مُتَعتَعٍ\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو الصحيحُ.\n\n٢٠٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن مَنصورٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: لما قَدِمَ جَعفَرٌ مِنَ الحَبَشَةِ قال له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أعجَبُ شَئٍ رأيتَ؟ \". قال: رأيتُ امرأةً على رأسِها مِكتَلٌ مِن طَعامٍ، فمَرَّ فارِسٌ يَركُضُ فأذراه، فجَعَلَت تَجمَعُ طَعامَها وقالَت: ويلٌ لَكَ يَومَ يَضَعُ المَلِكُ كُرسيَّه، فيأخُذُ لِلمَظلومِ مِنَ الظّالِمِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- تَصديقًا لِقَولِها: \"لا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: لعله من قولهم: غُبْر اللبن. أى بقيته، والبقية تكون في الغالب مختلطة، والله أعلم\". وينظر غريب الحديث للخطابى ٢/ ٥٢٨.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٢٥٦. وأخرجه الطبراني كما في مجمع الزوائد ٤/ ١٤٠. والمصنف في الشعب (١١٢٣٠) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":265},{"text":"قُدِّسَت أُمَّةٌ -أو:- كَيفَ قُدِّسَت لا يُؤخَذُ لِضَعيفِها مِن شَديدِها وهو غَيرُ مُتَعتَعٍ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٢٩ - وأخبرَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ وهو العباسُ ابنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ سَعدُويَه، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه بذَلِكَ. وقَد مَضَى في كِتابِ الغَصبِ عن عمرِو بنِ أبى قَيسٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ بنَحوِه (^٢).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الفَحّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا موسَى بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ هو ابنُ محمدٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إيّاكُم والجُلوسَ بالطُّرُقاتِ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ما لَنا مِن مَجالِسِنا بُدٌّ نَتَحَدَّثُ فيها. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أبَيتُم إلّا المَجلِسَ فأعطُوا الطَّريقَ حَقَّه\". قالوا: وما حَقُّ الطَّريقِ؟ قال: \"غَضُّ البَصَرِ، وكَفُّ الأذَى، ورَدُّ السَّلامِ، والأمرُ بالمَعروفِ، والنَّهىُ عن المُنكَرِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٦٢٦). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٠٧٧: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٦٢٥).\n(^٣) ينظر الأوسط للطبرانى (٦٥٥٩)، والشعب للمصنف (٧٥٤٩).\n(^٤) المصنف في الشعب (٩٠٨٦)، والآداب (٢٤٥)، وفي الأربعين (١٢). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٥) من طريق أبى عامر به. وأحمد (١١٣٠٩) من طريق زهير بن محمد به. وتقدم في (١١٦٢٥).","vol":"20","page":266},{"text":"أخرَجَه البخارىُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبى عامِرٍ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ حَفصِ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٣١ - حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِى سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّكُم مُصيبونَ ومَنصورونَ ومَفتوحٌ لَكُم، فمَن أدرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنكُم فليَتَّقِ اللهَ، وليأمُرْ بالمعروفِ، وليَنهَ عن المُنكَرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ في كُلِّ يَومٍ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ؟ قال: \"يَعتَمِلُ بيَدِه فيَنفَعُ نَفسَه ويَتَصَدَّقُ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ، فإِن لَم يَفعَلْ؟ قال: \"يُعينُ ذا الحاجَةِ المَلهوفَ\". قالوا: فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ؟ قال: \"يأمُرُ بالمعروفِ ويَنهَى عن المُنكَرِ\".\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٢٢٩).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٦٥)، ومسلم (٢١٢١/ ١١٤، ٢١٦١/ ٣).\n(^٣) الطيالسى (٣٣٥)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (٢٢٥٧)، وقال: حسن صحيح. وأخرجه أحمد (٤١٥٦) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (٥٦٨٥).","vol":"20","page":267},{"text":"قالوا: فإِن لَم يَستَطِعْ؟ قال: \"ليُمسِكْ عن الشَّرِّ؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ له صَدَقَةٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ، ولَيسَ في رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: \"في كُلِّ يَومٍ\". ولا قَولُه: \"ويَنهَى عن المُنكَرِ\" (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا مَهدِىُّ بنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا واصِلٌ مَولَى أبى عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عُقيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَعمَرَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ الدّيلِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يُصبحُ (^٣)، على كُلِّ سُلَامَى (^٤) مِنكُم صَدَقَةٌ؛ فكُلُّ تَسبيحَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَحميدَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَهليلَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وكُلُّ تَكبيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وأمرٌ بالمَعروفِ صَدَقَةٌ، ونَهىٌ عن المُنكَرِ صَدَقَةٌ، ويُجزِئُ مِن (^٥) ذَلِكَ رَكعَتانِ يَركَعُهُما مِنَ الضُّحَى\" (^٦). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ محمدٍ (^٧).\nوفِى هذا الكَلامِ كالدِّلالَةِ على أنَّهُما مِن فُروضِ الكِفاياتِ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٤٩٧). وتقدم في (٧٨٩٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٠٢٢)، ومسلم (١٠٠٨). وتقدم عقب (٧٨٩٧).\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) في م: \"مسلم\".\n(^٥) في م: \"عن\".\n(^٦) تقدم في (٤٩٦١، ٧٨٩٩).\n(^٧) مسلم (٧٢٠/ ٨٤، ١٠٠٦/ ٥٣).","vol":"20","page":268},{"text":"٢٠٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ عمرُو بنُ عبدِ اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبد الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن أُسامَةَ ابنِ زَيدٍ قال: واللهِ لا أقولُ لِرَجُلٍ: إنَّكَ خَيرُ النّاسِ. وإِن كان عليَّ أميرًا بعدَ إذ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ. قالوا: وما سَمِعتَه يقولُ؟ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"يُجاءُ بالرَّجُلِ يَومَ القيامَةِ فيُلقَى في النّارِ، فتَندَلِقُ أقتابُه (^١)، فيَدورُ بها في النّارِ كما يَدورُ الحِمارُ برَحاه، فيُطيفُ به أهلُ النّارِ فيَقولونَ: يا فُلانُ ما لَكَ! ما أصابَكَ؟ ألَم تَكُنْ تأمُرُنا بالمعروفِ وتَنهانا عن المُنكَرِ؟ فيقولُ: كُنتُ آمُرُكُم بالمَعروفِ ولا آتيه، وأنهاكُم عن المُنكَرِ وآتيه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، حدثنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الخَطمِيُّ أن جَدَّه عُمَيرَ بنَ حَبيبٍ -وكانَ قَد بايَعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-- أوصَى بَنيه قال لَهُم: أىْ بَنِيَّ، إيّاكُم ومُخالَطَةَ السُّفَهاءِ، فإِنَّ مُجالَسَتَهُم داءٌ، وإِنَّه مَن يَحلُمْ عن السَّفيهِ يُسَرَّ بحِلمِه، ومَن يُجِبْه يَندَمْ، ومَن لا يُقِرَّ بقَليلِ ما يأتِي به السَّفيهُ يُقِرَّ بالكَثيرِ، وإِذا أرادَ أحَدُكُم أن يأمُرَ بالمعروفِ أو يَنهَى عن\n_________\n(^١) الأقتاب: الأمعاء. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٣٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٧٨٤) من طريق يعلى بن عبيد به. وابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (١٥٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٢٦٧)، ومسلم (٢٩٨٩).","vol":"20","page":269},{"text":"المُنكَرِ فليوَطِّنْ نَفسَه قبلَ ذَلِكَ على الأذَى، وليوقِنْ بالثَّوابِ مِنَ اللهِ، فإِنَّه مَن يوقِنْ بالثَّوابِ مِنَ اللهِ لا يَجِدْ مَسَّ الأذَى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4221>بابُ كَراهيَةِ الإمارَةِ وكِراهيَةِ تَوَلِّي أعمالِها لمن رأى مِن نَفسِه ضَعفًا أو رأى فرضَها عنه بغَيِره ساقِطًا</span>\n\n٢٠٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ نَظيفٍ المِصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إسحاقَ الرّازِيُّ إملاءً بمِصرَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ مَلُّولٍ (^٢)، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ أبي هاشِمٍ الزّاهِدُ النَّحوِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى الأسَدِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبي أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ القُرَشِيِّ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي سالِمٍ الجَيشانِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي ذَرٍّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لِي: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، أُحِبُّ لَكَ ما أُحِبُّ لِنَفسِي، إنِّي أراكَ ضَعيفًا، فلا تأمَّرَنَّ على اثنَينِ، ولا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مالَ يَتيمٍ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن المُقرئِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٤٤٩). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٢٧٢) من طريق مسلم بن إبراهيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٩٨٢)، وأحمد في الزهد ص ١٨٦، والطبراني ١٧/ ٥٠ (١٠٨) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) في س، وحاشية الأصل: \"ملون\". وينظر الإكمال ٧/ ٢٩٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٨). وتقدم في (٥٤١٢، ١٢٧٨٦).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٢٦/ ١٧).","vol":"20","page":270},{"text":"٢٠٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ حَسّانُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ قال: قَرأتُ على أبي بكرٍ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ قُلتُ: حَدَّثَكُم عبدُ المَلِكِ بن شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه، عن اللَّيثِ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن الحارِثِ بنِ يَزيدَ الحَضرَمِيِّ، عن ابنِ حُجَيرَةَ الأكبَرِ، عن أبي ذَرٍّ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، استَعملْنِي. قال: فضَرَبَ بيَدِه على مَنكِبِي، ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، إنَّكَ ضَعيفٌ، وإِنَّها أمانَةٌ، وإِنَّها يَومَ القيامَةِ خِزىٌ ونَدامَةٌ، إلَّا مَن أخَذَها بحَقِّها وأدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيه فيها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ سَيّارٍ البَزّازُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ بنِ العُريانِ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّكُم سَتَحرِصونَ على الإمارَةِ، وإِنَّها سَتَكونُ حَسرَةً ونَدامَةً يَومَ القيامَةِ، فنِعمَ المُرضِعَةُ وبِئسَتِ الفاطِمَةُ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٧) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. والطيالسى (٤٨٧)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٠٨٠)، وأحمد (٢١٥١٣) من طريق الحارث بن يزيد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨٢٥/ ١٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٥٤١٠).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٤٨).","vol":"20","page":271},{"text":"أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجيدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن أميرِ عَشَرَةٍ إلَّا يُؤتَى به يَومَ القيامَةِ ويَدُه مَغلولَةٌ إلَى عُنُقِه\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدَّبّاسُ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن المُنذِرِ الحِزامِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن أميرِ عَشَرَةٍ إلَّا وهو يُؤتَى به يَومَ القيامَةِ مَغلولًا، حَتَّى يَفُكَّه العَدلُ أو يُوبِقَه الجَورُ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابن أبي عمرو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي سفيانُ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ قال: قال العباسُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أمِّرْنِي على بَعضِ ما ولّاكَ اللهُ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا عباسُ، يا عَمَّ رسولِ اللهِ، نَفسٌ تُنْجيها خَيرٌ مِن إمارَةٍ لا تُحصيها\" (^٣). هذا هو المَحفوظُ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢٠٢٤٢ - وقيلَ عنه: عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ: قال العباسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، ألا توَلّينى؟ فذَكَرَه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بنُ قانِعٍ القاضِي ببَغدادَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٥٤١١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٣٨٢). وأخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٦٢٢٥) عن محمد بن علي بن زيد الصائغ به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٧٩: عبد الله واه، وهذا حديث جيد لم يخرجوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٤/ ٢٧، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٣٠٨٤) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":272},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الوَليدِ السُّلَمِيُّ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه مَوصولًا، والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ؛ تَفَرَّدَ به هذا السُّلَمِيُّ البَصرِيُّ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الطِّيبِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زيادُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ الحَضرَمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ الحارِثِ الصُّدائيَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فبايَعتُه على الإسلامِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه قال فيه: فنَزَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَنزِلًا، فأتاه أهلُ ذَلِكَ المَنزِلِ يَشكونَ عامِلَهُم ويَقولونَ: أخَذَنا بشَئٍ كان بَينَنا وبَينَ قَومِه في الجاهِليَّةِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ؟ \". فقالوا: نَعَم. فالتَفَتَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- إلَى أصحابِه وأنا فيهِم فقالَ: \"لا خَيرَ في الإمارَةِ لِرَجُلٍ مُؤمِنٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو قَشمَردُ (^٣)، أنبأنا القَعنَبِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ الطَّهمانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ فضلُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٨٠: السلمى هذا ليس بثقة.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٤٠٢١)، والدلائل ٤/ ١٢٥. وتقدم في (١٨١٠، ١٣٢٥٤).\n(^٣) في م: \"كشمرد\". وتقدم الكلام على ضبطه في (٧٥١٨).","vol":"20","page":273},{"text":"عثمانَ الأخنَسِيّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن جُعِلَ على القَضاءِ فكأنَّما ذُبحَ (^١) بغَيرِ سِكّينٍ\" (^٢). وقالَ ابنُ أيّوبَ في رِوايَتِه: عن عثمانَ بنِ الأخنَسِ.\n\n٢٠٢٤٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ القَلانِسِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبد الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن عثمانَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الأخنَسِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيِّ وعن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قَعَدَ (^٣) قاضيًا بَينَ المُسلِمينَ فقَد ذُبحَ بغَيرِ سِكّينٍ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبي عمرٍو، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن وُلِّيَ القَضاءَ فقَد ذُبِحَ بغَيرِ سِكّينٍ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ ﵀، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"نفسه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٤٩)، والمعرفة (٦٠٢٤). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٢٤) من طريق ابن أبي ذئب به. وأحمد (٧١٤٥) من طريق سعيد المقبرى به.\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف: \"فُعل\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٧٧)، وأبو داود (٣٥٧٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٠٨) من طريق عبد الله بن جعفر به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٥٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٧١)، والترمذي (١٣٢٥) من طريق نصر بن علي به، وقال: حسن غريب من هذا الوجه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٤٩).","vol":"20","page":274},{"text":"عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ العَلاءِ اليَشكُرِيُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ سَرجِ بنِ (^١) عبدِ القَيسِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حِطّانَ قال: سَمِعتُ عائشةَ -﵂- وذُكِرَ عِندَها القُضاةُ، فقالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يُؤتَى بالقاضِي العَدلِ يَومَ القيامَةِ، فيَلقَى مِن شِدَّةِ الحِسابِ ما يَتَمَنَّى أنَّه لَم يَقضِ بَينَ اثنَينِ في تَمرَةٍ قَطُّ\" (^٢). كَذا في كِتابِي: عُمَرُ بنُ العَلاءِ.\n\n٢٠٢٤٨ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ حُجَّةَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ العَلاءِ اليَشكُرِيُّ، عن صالِحِ بنِ سَرجٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حِطّانَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُؤتَى بالقاضِي العادِلِ\". فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن مَسروقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ رُبَّما ذَكَرَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن حَكَمٍ يَحكُمُ بَينَ النّاسِ إلَّا وُكِّلَ به ملَكٌ آخِذٌ بقَفاه، حَتَّى يَقِفَ به على شَفيرِ جَهَنَّمَ، فيَرفَعَ رأسَه إلَى اللهِ؛ فإِن أمَرَه أن يَقذِفَه قَذَفَه\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"لعله من\"، وفي المتن بتنوين الجيم من \"سرج\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (١٦٥٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤٤٦٤)، وعند أحمد: عمرو بن العلاء الشنى. مكان: عمر بن العلاء اليشكرى.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٢٨٢، وابن حبان (٥٠٥٥)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٢٦١٩) من طريق أبي الوليد الطيالسي به.","vol":"20","page":275},{"text":"في مَهوًى أربَعينَ خَريفًا\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٥٠ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي طالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا هِشامٌ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ أبي عليٍّ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ويلٌ لِلأُمَراءِ، ووَيلٌ لِلعُرَفاءِ، ووَيلٌ لِلأُمَناءِ؛ لَيتَمَنَّيَنَّ أقوامٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ أن نَواصيَهُم مُعَلَّقَةٌ بالثُّرَيّا يَتَخَلخَلونَ بَينَ السَّماءِ والأرضِ، وأنَّهُم لَم يَلُوا عَمَلًا\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ ﵀، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"ذَوائبُهُم كانَت مُعَلَّقَةً بالثُّرَيّا يَتَذَبذَبونَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يونُسُ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ أبي عليٍّ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: العِرافَةُ أوَّلُها مَلامَةٌ وآخِرُها نَدامَةٌ، والعَذابُ يَومَ القيامَةِ. قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا هريرةَ إلَّا مَنِ اتَّقَى اللهَ مِنهُم. قال: إنَّما أُحَدِّثُكَ كما سَمِعتُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٠٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وضعفه الألباني في\nضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٠٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٦٢٧، ١٠٧٥٩)، وأبو يعلى (٦٢١٧) من طريق هشام الدستوائى به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٨١: عباد روى عنه حماد بن زيد وغيره، ما به بأس.\n(^٣) الطيالسي (٢٦٤٦).\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٢٦٤٩).","vol":"20","page":276},{"text":"٢٠٢٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونٍ في قِصَّةِ مَقتَلِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: فدَخَلنا عَلَيه وجاءَ النّاسُ يُثنونَ عَلَيه، وجاءَ رَجُلٌ شابٌّ فقالَ: أبشِرْ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ببُشرَى اللهِ لَكَ مِن صُحبَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقَدَمٍ في الإِسلامِ ما قَد عَلِمتَ، ثُمَّ وَلِيتَ فعَدَلتَ، ثُمَّ الشَّهادَةُ. قال: يا ابنَ أخِي، ودِدتُ أن ذَلِكَ كَفافًا (^١)؛ لا عليَّ ولا لِي. فلَمّا أدبَرَ إذا إزارُه يمَسُّ الأرضَ فقالَ: رُدّوا عليَّ الغُلامَ. قال: يا ابنَ أخِي، ارفَعْ ثَوبَكَ؛ فإِنَّه أنقَى لِثَوبِكَ، وأتقَى لِرَبِّكَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أنبأنا عُقبَةُ يَعنِي ابنَ عَلقَمَةَ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي سِماكٌ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: لما طُعِنَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁- دَخَلتُ عَلَيه فقُلتُ: أبشِرْ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، فإِنَّ اللهَ قَد مَصَّرَ بكَ الأمصارَ، ودَفَعَ بكَ النِّفاقَ، وأفشَى بكَ الرِّزقَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: أفِي الإمارَةِ تُثنِي عليَّ يا ابنَ عباسٍ؟ قال: نَعَم يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، وفِي غَيرِها. قال: فوالَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه،\n_________\n(^١) كذا في الأصل، ونسخة المصنف، س. وفي م: \"كفاف\". وكذا في إحدى روايات البخاري.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٩١٧) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وتقدم طرف منه في (١٢٨٠٦، ١٦٦٥٧).\n(^٣) االبخارى (٣٧٠٠).","vol":"20","page":277},{"text":"لَوَدِدتُ أنِّي خَرَجتُ مِنها كما دَخَلتُ فيها، لا أجرَ ولا وِزرَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بنُ أبي زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالك قال: كان سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ رَجُلًا يَصومُ، فدَخَلَ عَلَيه رَجُلٌ وهو يأكُلُ خُبزًا وسِلقًا، فقالَ له: تَعالَ فكُلْ. قال: فسألَه الرَّجُلُ عن شَئٍ قال مالكٌ: ظَنَنتُ أنَّه مِن أمرِ القَضاءِ. فقالَ له سعيدٌ: أراكَ أحمَقَ، اذهَبْ إلَى القاضِي الَّذِي أُجلِسَ لِهَذا، أتَرانِي أنِّي كُنتُ أشغَلُ نَفسِي بهَذا؟ أو قال: بكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبو عُمرَ (^٣) النَّمَرِيُّ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ قال: قال أيّوبُ: وجَدتُ أعلَمَ النّاسِ بالقَضاءِ أشَدَّ النّاسِ مِنه فِرارًا وأشَدَّهُم مِنه فرَقًا. ثُمَّ قال: وما أدرَكتُ أحَدًا كان أعلَمَ بالقَضاءِ مِن أبي قِلابَةَ، لا أدرِي ما محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ، فكانَ يُرادُ على القَضاءِ فيَفِرُّ إلَى الشّامِ مَرَّةً، ويَفِرُّ إلَى اليَمامَةِ مَرَّةً، وكانَ إذا قَدِمَ إلَى البَصرَةِ كان كالمُستَخفِي حَتَّى يَخرُجَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٤٢٣، ٤٢٤ من طريق المصنف به. وابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٩١٥، ٩١٦، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٥٢ من طريق الأوزاعي به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٧٠.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عمرو\". وتقدم في (٥٥٢٨). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٧/ ٢٦.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٧. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ٣٠٣ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"20","page":278},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا الحارِثُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبي قِلابَةَ قال: إنَّما مَثَلُ القاضِي كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ يَسبَحُ في البحرِ، فكَم عَسَى يَسبَحُ حَتَّى يَغرَقَ؟ قال: وطُلِبَ أبو قِلابَةَ لِلقَضاءِ فهَرَبَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أحمدُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا الأخنَسِيُّ أحمدُ بنُ عِمرانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن أبي الصَّهباءِ التَّيمِيِّ قال: جِئتُ وإِذا مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ قائمٌ يُصَلِّي، فلَمّا رآنِي أخَفَّ الصَّلاةَ، ثُمَّ جاءَ فجَلَسَ في مَجلِسِ القَضاءِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إلَيَّ: أمُخاصِمٌ أو مُسلِّمٌ أو حاجَةٌ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا بَل مُسلِّمٌ. فذَهَبَ الرَّسولُ فأخبَرَه، ثُمَّ أتانِي فقالَ لِي: قُمْ. قال: فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه فحَمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ تَعلَمُ أنِّي لَم أجلِسْ لهذا المَجلِسِ الَّذِي ابتَلَيتَنِي به وقَدَّرتَه عليَّ إلَّا وأنا أكرَهُه وأُبغِضُه، فاكفِنِي شَرَّ عَواقِبِه. قال: ثُمَّ أخرَجَ خِرقَةً نَظيفَةً، فوَضَعَها على وجهِه، فلَم يَزَلْ يَبكِي حَتَّى قُمتُ. قال: فمَكَثَ ما شاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ ولِي بَعدَه ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ. قال: فجِئتُ، فإِذا هو قائمٌ يُصَلِّي، فلَمّا رآنِي أخَفَّ الصَّلاةَ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إلَيَّ: أمُخاصِمٌ أو مُسلِّمٌ أو حاجَةٌ؟ قال: قُلتُ: لا بَل مُسلمٌ. فذَهَبَ الرَّسولُ فأخبَرَه، ثُمَّ أتانِي فقالَ لِي: قُمْ. فقُمتُ فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه وجَلَستُ إلَى جَنبِه فقالَ: حَدِّثْنِى حَديثَ أخِي مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثارٍ. فحَدَّثتُه الحديثَ فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إنَّكَ تَعلَمُ أنِّي لَم أجلِسْ هذا المَجلِسَ الَّذِي ابتَلَيتَنِي به\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٥، ٦٦. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ٣٠٣ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"20","page":279},{"text":"إلَّا وأنا أُحِبُّه وأشتَهيه، فاكفنى شَرَّ عَواقِبِه. ثُمَّ أخرَجَ خِرقَةً (^١) فوَضَعَها على وجهِه، فما زالَ يَبكِي حَتَّى قُمتُ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو العباسِ أحمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ الحَسَنِ البَزّازُ الكِسائيُّ المِصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عيسَى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن إسماعيلَ العَروضِيُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الطَّحاوِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا جَعفَرٍ محمدَ بنَ العباسِ يقولُ: لما ولِيَ مُحارِبُ بنُ دِثارٍ القَضاءَ قيلَ لِلحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ: ألا تأتيه؟ قال: واللهِ ما نالَ عِندِي غَيمَةً فأُهَنّيَه عَلَيها، ولا أُصيبَ عِندَ نَفسِه بمُصيبَةٍ فأُعَزّيَه عَلَيها، وما كُنتُ زَوّارًا له قبلَ اليَومِ فأزورَه اليَومَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ (^٤) قال: قال أبو نُعَيمٍ: خَرَجَ شُرَيحٌ مِن عِندِ زيادٍ، فلَقِيَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: كَبِرَت سِنُّكَ، ورَقَّ عَظمُكَ، وارتَشَى ابنُكَ. قال: فرَجَعَ إلَيه فأخبَرَه فقالَ: مَن قال لَكَ؟ قال: لا أعرِفُه، فأعفِنِي. قال: لا أُعفيكَ حَتَّى تُشيرَ عليَّ برَجُلٍ. فأشارَ عَلَيه بأبِي بُردَةَ، فوَلَّاه القَضاءَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"نظيفة\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٧٤، ٦٧٥. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ٦١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٧/ ٦٠ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٨٣: سندها منقطع.\n(^٤) بعده في نسخة المصنف: \"بن حنبل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٣٩ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٨٣:\nوالأخرى منقطعة.","vol":"20","page":280},{"text":"٢٠٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: كان قَعنَبٌ التَّميمِيُّ قَد دَعاه والٍ فوَلَّاه القَضاءَ، فأبَى عَلَيه، فلَم يَزَلْ به حَتَّى قبِلَ، فلَمّا خَرَجَ مِن عِندِه بعَهدِه رَمَى به وتَوارَى. قال: فأرسَلَ الوالِي في طَلَبِه، فبَينَما هُم يَطلُبونَه إذ سَقَطَ عَلَيه البَيتُ الَّذِي كان فيه مُتَواريًا، فلَم يَشعُروا إلَّا وقَد أُخرجَ عَلَيهِم بجِنازَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ قال: قال اللَّيثُ: قال لِي أبو جَعفَرٍ: تَلِي لِي مِصرَ؟ قُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّي أضعُفُ عن (^٢) ذَلِكَ، وإِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنَ المَوالِي. فقالَ: ما بكَ مِن ضَعفٍ مَعِي، ولَكِن ضعُفَت نيَّتُكَ في العَمَلِ لِي على (^٣) ذَلِكَ، أتُريدُ قوَّةً أقوَى مِنِّي ومِن عَمَلِي؟ فأمّا إذ أبَيتَ، فدُلَّنى على رَجُلٍ أُقَلِّدُه أمرَ مِصرَ. قُلتُ: عثمانُ بن الحَكَمِ الجُذامِيُّ؛ رَجُلٌ له صَلاحٌ ولَه عَشيرَةٌ. قال: فبَلَغَه ذَلِكَ، فعاهَدَ اللهَ ألا يُكَلِّمَ اللَّيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٧٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"من\".\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف: \"عن\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ١٢٣. وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٣/ ٥ من طريق أبي الحسين ابن الفضل به، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٠/ ٣٦٦.","vol":"20","page":281},{"text":"٢٠٢٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي خَلَفُ بن محمدٍ البخاريُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي أحمدَ وهو الحافظُ البخاريُّ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ أبي عمرٍو الطَّواويسِيَّ يقولُ: قال محمدُ بنُ الأزهَرِ: بَلَغَنِي عن أبي يوسُفَ قال: لما ماتَ سَوّارٌ قاضِى أهلِ البَصرَةِ دَعا أبو جَعفَرٍ يَعنِي المَنصورَ أبا حَنيفَةَ فقالَ له: إنَّ سَوّارًا قَد ماتَ، وإِنَّه لا بُدَّ لِهَذا المِصرِ يَعنِي مِن قاضٍ، فاقبَلِ القَضاءَ، فقَد ولَّيتُكَ قَضاءَ البَصرَةِ. فقالَ أبو حَنيفَةَ: واللهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو إنِّي لا أَصلُحُ لِلقَضاءِ، وواللهِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ لَئن كُنتُ صادِقًا فما يَسَعُكَ أن تَستَقضِي رَجُلًا لا يَصلُحُ لِلقَضاءِ، ولَئن كُنتُ كاذِبًا فما يَسَعُكَ أن تَستَقضِي رَجُلًا كَذّابًا، وإِنَّه لا يَصلُحُ لِهَذا الأمرِ إلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ، وقَد أصبَحتُ مُخالِفًا لَكَ. قال: فقالَ له أبو جَعفَرٍ: صَدَقتَ إنَّكَ قُلتَ: لا يَصلُحُ لِهَذا الأمرِ إلَّا مِثلُ أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ، فـ ﴿تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ﴾ الآيَةَ [البقرة: ١٣٤]. وأمّا قَولُكَ: إنَّه لا يَصلُحُ لِهَذا الأمرِ إلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَرَبِ. فإِنّا نأخُذُ بما قال اللهُ تَعالَى في كِتابِه: ﴿إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٣] ولَيسَ عَلَينا إلَّا الجُهدُ في أهلِ زَمانِنا، وأمّا قَولُكَ: إنَّكَ أصبَحتَ مُخالِفًا لِي. فإِنَّ الرّأىَ يُخالِفُ الرّأىَ، فاقبَلْ هذا الأمرَ. فقالَ أبو حَنيفَةَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَئن خَلَّيتَ عَنِّي وإِلَّا لَبَّيتُ مَكانِي السّاعَةَ، فما يَسَعُكَ أن تَحبِسَ مُلَبّيًا. قال: فخَلَّى عنه بعدَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢٠٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ،","vol":"20","page":282},{"text":"أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِي ابنَ محمدٍ، حدثنا [أبي، حدثنا] (^١) الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِيَّ يقولُ: دَخَلَ سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فجَعَلَ يَتَجانَنُ عَلَيهِم ويَمسَحُ البِساطَ ويَقولُ: ما أحسَنَه! ما أحسَنَه! بكَم أخَذتُم هذا؟ ثُمَّ قال: البَولَ البَولَ. حَتَّى أُخرِجَ. يَعنِي أنه احتالَ ليَتَباعَدَ مِنهُم ويَسلَمَ مِن أمرِهِم (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ يَعيشَ قال: وقالَ رَجُلٌ يَمدَحُ سُفيانَ:\nتَحَرَّزَ سفيانُ وفَرَّ بدينِه ... وأمسَى شَريكٌ مَرصَدًا لِلدَّراهِمِ\n\n٢٠٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي قال: سَمِعتُ والِدِي يقولُ: سَمِعتُ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، أنبأنَا محمدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ الأرغِيانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ عبد الأعلَى يقولُ: كَتَبَ الخَليفَةُ إلَى عبد اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ في قَضاءِ مِصرَ، فجَنَّنَ نَفسَه ولَزِمَ البَيتَ وأرادَ أن يَتَوَضّأ في وسَطِ الدّارِ، فاطَّلَعَ عَلَيه رِشدينُ بن سَعدٍ مِنَ السَّطحِ فقالَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، ألا تَخرُجُ إلَى النّاسِ فتَحكُمَ بَينَهُم بما أمَرَ اللهُ ورسولُه؟ قَد جَنَّنتَ نَفسَكَ ولَزِمتَ البَيتَ. فرَفَعَ رأسَه إلَيه وقالَ: إلَى هاهنا انتَهَى عِلمُكَ؟! ألَمْ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في: نسخة المصنف، م.\n(^٢) الجرح والتعديل ١/ ١٠٦، ١٠٧.","vol":"20","page":283},{"text":"تَعلَمْ أن القُضاةَ يُحشَرونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ مَعَ السَّلاطينِ، ويُحشَرُ العُلَماءُ مَعَ الأنبياءِ والمُرسَلينَ (^١)؟\n\n٢٠٢٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى الحِيرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بن داودَ قال: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ يَحيَى يُعاتِبُ الحُسَينَ بنَ مَنصورٍ على دُخولِه في العَدالَة، ثُمَّ قال له: ألَيسَ حَكَيتَ أنتَ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ قال: لا تَكُنْ مُعَدِّلًا ولا مَن يَعرِفُه مُعَدِّلٌ؟ ثُمَّ قال يَحيَى بن يَحيَى: إنَّما العَدالَةُ طُبَيقٌ يُبعَثُ (^٢) إلَى أحَدِهِم.\n\n٢٠٢٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الله، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ الحُسَينِ ابنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ قال: سَمِعتُ الحُسَينَ ابنَ مَنصورٍ يقولُ: دَخَلتُ على يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى فسَلَّمتُ فلَم يَلتَفِتْ إلَيَّ، فجَلَستُ ناحيَةً حَتَّى تَفَرَّقَ الناسُ، فدَنَوتُ وقَبَّلتُ رأسَه فقُلتُ: يا أُستاذُ، أيُّ جِنايَةٍ جَنَيتُها؟ قال: بَلَى جَنَيتَ جِنايَةً ورَكِبتَ ذَنبًا عَظيمًا. فقُلتُ: ما هِيَ؟ قال: أرأيتَ إذا نادَى المُنادِي يَومَ القيامَةِ: أينَ أصحابُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ طاهِرٍ؟ ألَستَ مِمَّن يُؤخَذُ في العَدالَةِ؟ قال: فقُلتُ: أستَغفِرُ اللهَ وأتوبُ إلَيه. قال: فدَنا مِنِّي وعانَقَنِي وقالَ: الآنَ أنتَ أخِي.\n\n٢٠٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا صالِحٍ خَلَفَ بنَ محمدٍ البخاريَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو أحمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ رَئيسَ نَيسابورَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم -كما في سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٢٤ - عن أبي إسحاق المزكى به.\n(^٢) في م: \"يحمل\".","vol":"20","page":284},{"text":"ببُخارَى يقولُ: حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِيُّ، وعُرِضَ عَلَيه قَضاءُ نَيسابورَ، فاختَفَى ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ، ودَعا اللهَ فماتَ في اليَومِ الثّالِثِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عبد اللهِ محمدَ ابنَ يَعقوبَ الحافظَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ سعيدٍ الرِّباطِيَّ يقولُ: قَدِمتُ على أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، فجَعَلَ لا يَرفَعُ رأسَه إلَيَّ فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ، إنَّه يُكتَبُ عَنِّي بخُراسانَ، وإِن عامَلتَنِي بهَذِه المُعامَلَةِ رَمَوْا بحَديثِي. فقالَ لِي: يا أحمدُ، هَل بُدٌّ يَومَ القيامَةِ مِن أن يُقالَ: أينَ عبدُ اللهِ بن طاهِرٍ وأتباعُه؟ انظُرْ أينَ تَكونُ أنتَ مِنه. قال: قُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ اللهِ، إنَّما ولَّانِي أمرَ الرِّباطِ، لِذاكَ دَخَلتُ فيه. قال: فجَعَلَ يُكَرِّرُ عليَّ: يا أحمدُ، هَل بُدٌّ يَومَ القيامَةِ أن يُقالَ: أينَ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ طاهِرٍ وأتباعُه؟ انظُرْ أينَ تَكونُ أنتَ مِنه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي دارِمٍ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ عليَّ بنَ العباسِ بنِ الوَليدِ البَجَلِيَّ يقولُ: كُنّا عِندَ نَصرِ ابنِ عليٍّ الجَهضَمِيِّ عَشيَّةً، فوَرَدَ عَلَيه (^٣) كِتابُ السُّلطانِ بتَقليدِه القَضاءَ بالبَصرَةِ، فقالَ: أُشاوِرُ نَفسِي اللَّيلَةَ وأُخبِرُكُم غَدًا. فغَدَونا إلَيه مِنَ الغَدِ، فإِذا على بابِه نَعشٌ فقُلنا: ما هذا؟ قالوا: ماتَ نَصرٌ. فسألنا أهلَه عنه فقالوا: باتَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم -كما في تهذيب الكمال ٦/ ٤٨٤ - عن خلف بن محمد البخاري به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٤٣١). وأخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ١٦٦ من طريق أبي عبد الله الحافظ به.\n(^٣) في م: \"علينا\".","vol":"20","page":285},{"text":"ليلتَه يُصَلِّي، فلَمّا كان في السَّحَرِ سَجَدَ فأطالَ، فحَرَّكناه فوَجَدناه مَيِّتًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4222>بابُ كَراهيَةِ طَلَبِ الإمارَةِ والقَضاءِ، وما يُكرَهُ مِنَ الحِرصِ عَلَيهِما والتَّسَرُّعِ إلَيهِما، وأنَّه إذا ابتُلِي بهِما عن غَيِر مَسألَةٍ كان الأمرُ أسهَلَ، وإِلَى النَّجاةِ أقرَبَ</span>\n\n٢٠٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن كامِلِ بنِ خَلَفٍ القاضِي ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ وأشهَلُ بن حاتِمٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ أبي الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، لا تَسألِ الإمارَةَ؛ فإنَّكَ إن أُعطيتَها عن مَسألَةٍ وُكِلتَ إلَيها، وإِن أُعطيتَها عن غَيرِ مَسألَةٍ أُعِنتَ عَلَيها، وإِذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فأْتِ الَّذِي هو خَيرٌ، وكَفِّر عن يَمينِكَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عَونٍ، ثُمَّ قال: تابَعَه أشهَلُ بن حاتِمٍ (^٣). وأخرَجاه مِن أوجهٍ أُخَرَ عن الحَسَنِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الذهبي في تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٢٤١ هـ -٢٥٠ هـ) ص ٥٠٨، ٥٠٩ من طريق أبي زكريا المزكى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٧٩٨) دون ذكر أبي قلابة. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٦٢٥)، والنسائي (٥٣٩٩) من طريق ابن عون به. وتقدم في (١٩٨٧٠، ١٩٩٨٠).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٧٢٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦٢٢)، ومسلم (١٦٥٢).","vol":"20","page":286},{"text":"٢٠٢٧٣ - وأخبَرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِي، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ زاذانَ وحُمَيدٍ الطَّويلِ ويونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ قال: قال لِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- (ح). وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ، لا تَسألِ الإمارَةَ؛ فإِنَّكَ إن أُعطيتَها عن مَسألَةٍ وُكِلتَ إلَيها، وإِن أُعطيتَها عن غَيرِ مَسألَةٍ أُعِنتَ عَلَيها، وإِذا حَلَفتَ على يَمينٍ فرأيتَ غَيرَها خَيرًا مِنها فأْتِ الَّذِي هو خَيرٌ، وكَفِّرْ عن يَمينِكَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ وعن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ\nالمُزَكِّي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قِراءَةً وأبو سعيدٍ\nأحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ مُزاحِمٍ الصَّفّارُ الأديبُ لَفظًا قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ\nمحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو\nأُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي بُرَيدٌ، عن جَدِّه، عن أبي موسَى قال: دَخَلتُ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٧٩) من طريق علي بن حجر به. وأبو داود (٢٩٢٩) من طريق هشيم عن يونس ومنصور به. وتقدم في (١٩٩٧٣).\n(^٢) مسلم ٣/ ١٤٥٤ (١٦٥٢) عقب (١٩).","vol":"20","page":287},{"text":"أنا ورَجُلانِ مِن بَنى عَمِّي، فقالَ أحَدُ الرَّجُلَينِ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أمِّرْنا على بَعضِ ما ولَّاكَ اللهُ. وقالَ الآخَرُ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ: \"إنّا واللهِ لا نوَلِّي هذا العَمَلَ أحَدًا سألَه، ولا أحَدًا حَرَصَ عَلَيهِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ العَلاءِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ، كِلاهما عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّمّاكُ إملاءً، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مُلاعِبٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن بلالِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن طَلَبَ القَضاءَ واستَعانَ عَلَيه وُكِلَ إلَيه، ومَن لَم يَطلُبْه ولَم يَستعِنْ عَلَيه أنزَلَ اللهُ إلَيه مَلَكًا يُسَدِّدُه\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه وكيعٌ وغَيرُه عن إسرائيلَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ عامِرٍ الثَّعلَبِيِّ عن بلالِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ ابنِ أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ عن أنَسٍ (^٤).\nورُوِيَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى كما:\n\n٢٠٢٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٨١) من طريق أبي أسامة به. وأبو داود (٤٣٥٤) من طريق أبي بردة به بنحوه.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٤٩)، ومسلم (١٧٣٣/ ١٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٧٨) من طريق محمد بن كثير به. وأحمد (١٣٣٠٢)، والحاكم ٤/ ٩٢ من طريق إسرائيل به، وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٦٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢١٨٤)، وأبو داود عقب (٣٥٧٨)، والترمذي (١٣٢٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٠٩) من طريق وكيع به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٨٦: عبد الأعلى هو ابن عامر الثعلبى، صويلح ضعفه أحمد.","vol":"20","page":288},{"text":"أبو النَّضرِ (^١) محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ الواسِطيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمّادٍ الحَنّاطُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى الثَّعلَبِيّ، عن بلالِ بنِ مِرداسٍ الفَزارِيِّ، عن خَيثَمَةَ، عن أنَسِ (^٢)، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ ابتَغَى القَضاءَ وسألَ عَلَيه الشُّفَعاءَ وُكِلَ إلَى نَفسِه، ومَن أُكرِهَ عَلَيه أنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿ عَلَيه مَلَكًا يُسَدِّدُه\" (^٣). قال أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِيُّ فيما بَلَغَنِي عنه: هذا حَديثٌ حَسَنٌ غَريبٌ، وهو أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ إسرائيلَ عن عبدِ الأعلَى (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن رجاءٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: جاءَ رَجُلانِ إلَى المَسجِدِ فقالا: مَن يَقضِي بَينَنا؟ فقالَ شابٌّ: أنا. فقالَ أبو مَسعودٍ: لا تُسارِعوا إلَى الحُكمِ.\n\n٢٠٢٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ العَلاءِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن رَجاءٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ بشرٍ الأزرَقِ قال: دَخَلَ رَجُلانِ مِن أبوابِ كِندَةَ، وأبو مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيُّ جالِسٌ في حَلْقَةٍ فقالَ: ألا رَجُلٌ يُنَفِّذُ بَيننا؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحَلقَةِ: أنا. قال: فأخَذَ أبو مَسعودٍ كَفًّا\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"النصر\".\n(^٢) بعده في نسخة المصنف: \"بن مالك\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٢٤) من طريق يحيى بن حماد به. وأبو داود عقب (٣٥٧٨) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٤) الترمذي عقب (١٣٢٤).","vol":"20","page":289},{"text":"مِن حَصًى فرَماه به وقالَ: مَهْ، إنَّه كان يُكرَهُ التَّسَرُّعُ إلَى الحُكمِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي موسَى يَعنِي اليَمانِي، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- رَفَعَه قال: \"مَن سَكَنَ الباديَةَ جَفا، ومَن تَبعَ الصَّيدَ غَفَلَ، ومَن أتَى السُّلطانَ افتَتَنَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٨٠ - قال: وأنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ، حدثنا ابنُ كَيسانَ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٨١ - [أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ الحَكَمِ النَّخَعِيِّ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أبي حازِمٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن بَدا جَفا، ومَنِ اتَّبَعَ الصَّيدَ غَفَلَ، ومَن أتَى أبوابَ السُّلطانِ يَفتَتِنُ، وما ازدادَ عبدٌ مِن سُلطانٍ قُربًا إلَّا ازدادَ مِنَ اللهِ بُعدًا\"] (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٥٧٧). وأخرجه أبو خيثمة في العلم (١١) من طريق الأعمش به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٦٤).\n(^٢) الطبراني (١١٠٣٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٣٦٢)، وأبو داود (٢٨٥٩)، والترمذي (٢٢٥٦)، والنسائي (٤٣٢٠) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٤٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٧٢ عن الطبراني به.\n(^٤) ليس في نسخة المصنف. =","vol":"20","page":290},{"text":"[ورَواه غَيرُه عن النَّخَعِيِّ عن عَدِيٍّ عن شَيخٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ - ﷺ - بمَعناه] (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4223>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلقاضِي مِن أن يَقضِيَ في مَوضِعٍ بارِزٍ لِلنّاسِ لا يَكونُ دونَه حِجابٌ، وأن يَكونَ مُتَوَسِّطَ المِصرِ</span>\n\n٢٠٢٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن ثابِتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا وهو يقولُ لِبَعضِ أهلِه: أتَعرِفينَ فُلانَةَ؟ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- مَرَّ بها وهِي عِندَ قَبرٍ تَبكِي فقالَ لها: \"اتَّقِي اللهَ واصبِرِي\". فقالَت: إلَيكَ عَنِّي؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تُبالِي بمُصيبَتِي. فقيلَ لها: إنَّه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأخَذَها مِثلُ الموتِ، فانتَهَت إلَى بابِه، فلَم تَجِدْ بَوّابينَ فدَخَلَت عَلَيه فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنِّي لَم أعرِفْكَ. فقالَ لها: \"الصَّبرُ عِندَ أوَّلِ صَدمَةٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه أحمد (٨٨٣٦)، والقضاعى في مسند الشهاب (٣٣٩) من طريق محمد بن الصباح به.\n(^١) ليس في نسخة المصنف.\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن راهويه في مسنده (٤٢٩) عن عيسى بن يونس. وأحمد (٩٦٨٣) عن يعلى ومحمد ابنى عبيد. وأبو داود (٢٨٦٠) عن محمد بن عبيد؛ كلهم (عيسى بن يونس ويعلى ومحمد ابنا عبيد) عن الحسن بن الحكم النخعى به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٦١٢).\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٩٧٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٣١٧)، وأبو داود (٣١٢٤)، والترمذي (٩٨٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (١٣٠٢، ٧١٥٤)، ومسلم (٩٢٦).","vol":"20","page":291},{"text":"٢٠٢٨٣ - [وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان لا يُغلَقُ دونَه الأبوابُ، ولا يَقومُ دونَه الحَجَبَةُ، ولا يُغدَى عَلَيه بالجِفانِ، ولا يُراحُ عَلَيه بها؛ كان رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بارِزًا، مَن أرادَ أن يَلقَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَقِيَه، كان يَجلِسُ بالأرضِ، ويوضَعُ طَعامُه بالأرضِ، ويَلبَسُ الغَليظَ، ويَركَبُ الحِمارَ، ويُردِفُ خَلفَه، ويَلعَقُ واللهِ يَدَه] (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُبارَكٍ، حدثنا صدَقَةُ ويَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ قال: حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ مُخَيمِرَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ فِلَسطينَ يُكنَى أبا مَريَمَ مِنَ الأسْدِ (^٢) قَدِمَ على مُعاويَةَ، فقالَ له مُعاويَةُ: ما أقدَمَكَ؟ قال: حَديثًا (^٣) سَمِعتُه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فلَمّا رأيتُ مَوقِفَكَ جِئتُ أُخبِرُكَ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن ولّاه اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس في نسخة المصنف.\nوالحديث عند عبد الرزاق (١٩٥٥٥). وعنده: معمر عن الحسن. دون ذكر: عن رجل. وأخرجه ابن\nالمبارك في الزهد (٥٧٥)، وأحمد في الزهد ص ٣٩٤ من طريق معمر عن يحيى بن المختار عن\nالحسن، ووقع عند أحمد: يحيى عن المختار. والصواب: يحيى بن المختار كما في تهذيب الكمال\n٣١/ ٥٣١، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٠/ ١٥٧، ١٥٨ من طريق رجل عن الحسن به.\n(^٢) ضبطها في الأصل بسكون السين، وكنب فوقها: \"صح\". وهذا على إبدال السين من الزاى. ينظر\nالأنساب ١/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨.\n(^٣) في م: \"حديث\".","vol":"20","page":292},{"text":"مِن أمرِ النّاسِ شَيئًا فاحتَجَبَ عن حاجاتِهِم وخَلَّتِهِم وفاقَتِهِم احتَجَبَ اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ عن حاجَتِه وخَلَّتِه وفاقَتِه\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4224>بابُ الرُّخصَةِ في الاحتِجابِ في غَيِر وقتِ القَضاءِ، وفي وقتِ القَضاءِ إذا خَشِي الازدِحامَ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أنبأنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي ثَورٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ في قِصَّةِ المَرأتَينِ اللَّتَينِ تَظاهَرَتا قال: فجِئتُ المَشرُبَةَ التي فيها رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقُلتُ لِغُلامٍ له أسوَدَ: استأذِنْ لِعُمَرَ. فدَخَلَ الغُلامُ فكَلَّمَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: كَلَّمتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وذَكَرتُكَ لَهَ فصَمَتَ. فرَجَعتُ فجَلَستُ مَعَ الرَّهطِ الَّذينَ عِندَ المِنبَرِ، ثُمَّ غَلَبَنِي ما أجِدُ، فجِئتُ الغُلامَ فقُلتُ له: استأذِنْ لِعُمَرَ. فدَخَلَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيَّ فقالَ: قَد ذَكَرتُكَ له فصَمَتَ. قال: فلَمّا ولَّيتُ مُنصَرِفًا؛ إذا الغُلامُ يَدعونِي فقالَ: قَد أذِنَ لَكَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فدَخَلتُ على رسولِ اللهِ، فإِذا هو مُضطَجِعٌ على رِمالِ حَصيرٍ لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَه فِراشٌ، قَد أثَّرَ الرِّمالُ بجَنبِه، مُتَّكِئٌ على وِسادَةٍ مِن أدَمٍ حَشوُها اللّيفُ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٥٣)، والشعب (٧٣٨٥). وأخرجه أبو داود (٢٩٤٨)، والترمذي (١٣٣٣) من طريق يحيى بن حمزة به. وقال الترمذي: أبو مريم هو عمرو بن مرة الجهني. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٥٥).","vol":"20","page":293},{"text":"وَذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي مالكُ بن أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ النَّصْرِيُّ، وكانَ محمدُ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ ذَكَرَ لِي ذِكرًا مِن حَديثِه ذَلِكَ، فانطَلَقتُ حَتَّى دَخَلتُ على مالكِ بنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ فسألتُه عن ذَلِكَ الحديثِ، فقالَ لِي مالكٌ: بَينا أنا جالِسٌ في أهلِي حينَ مَتَعَ النَّهارُ، إذا رسولُ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ فقال: أجِبْ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فانطَلَقتُ مَعَه حَتَّى إذا دَخَلتُ على عُمَرَ، فإِذا هو جالِسٌ على رِمالِ سَريرٍ لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَه فِراشٌ، مُتَّكِئٌ على وِسادَةٍ مِن أدَمٍ، فسَلَّمتُ عَلَيه ثُمَّ جَلَستُ فقالَ لِي: هاهُنا يا مالِ -يَعنِي يا مالكُ- إنَّه قَد قَدِمَ أهلُ أبياتٍ مِن قَومِكَ، وقَد أمَرتُ لَهُم فاقسِمْه بَينَهُم. قال: فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المؤمِنينَ، لَو أمَرتَ به غَيرِي. قال: فاقبِضْه أيُّها المَرءُ. قال: فبَينا أنا جالِسٌ عِندَه إذ جاءَه حاجِبُه يَرفا فقالَ: هَل لَكَ في عثمانَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ والزُّبَيرِ وسَعدٍ يَستأذِنونَ عَلَيكَ؟ قال: نَعَم، فأْذنْ لَهُم. قال: فدَخَلوا فسَلَّموا. قال: ثُمَّ لَبِثَ يَرفا قَليلًا، فقالَ لِعُمَرَ: هَل لَكَ في عليٍّ والعباسِ؟ قال: نَعَم ائذَنْ لَهُما. فلَمّا دَخَلا سَلَّما وجَلَسا، فقالَ عباسٌ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اقضِ بَينى وبَينَ هذا. فقالَ الرَّهطُ؛ عثمانُ وأصحابُه: يا أميرَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٢٢٧) من طريق أبي اليمان به مطولًا. وابن حبان (٤١٨٧) من طريق ابن شهاب به مطولًا.\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١٩١).","vol":"20","page":294},{"text":"المُؤمِنينَ، اقضِ بَينَهُما وأرِحْ أحَدَهُما مِنَ الآخَرِ. وذكر الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ يَدخُلُ يَومَ الجُمُعَةِ بَيتًا يَخلو فيه؛ لا يَدرِي النّاسُ ما يَصنَعُ فيهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4225>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلقاضِي مِن ألَّا يَكونَ قَضاؤُه في المَسجِدِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لِكَثرَةِ مَن يَغشاه لِغَيرِ ما بُنيَت له المَساجِدُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أنَسٍ القُرَشِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأسوَدِ، أخبرَنِي أبو عبد اللهِ مَولَى شَدّادٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يُنشِدُ ضالَّةً في المَسجِدِ فليَقُل: لا أدّاهَا اللهُ إلَيكَ. فإِنَّ المساجِدَ لَم تُبْنَ لِهَذا\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٦)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٦٥) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم في (١٢٨٥٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٧٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٤٣ من طريق أبي الحسين ابن بشران به. والمزى في تهذيب الكمال ١٢/ ٤٤٢ من طريق جرير به.\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ١٩٨.\n(^٥) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٥٤). وتقدم في (٤٣٩٩).","vol":"20","page":295},{"text":"حَربٍ عن المُقرِئِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٢٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- سَمِعَ أعرابيًّا أو رَجُلًا يقولُ: مَن دَعا إلَى الجَمَلِ الأحمَرِ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا وجَدتَ، إنَّما بُنيَت هذه المَساجِدُ لما بُنيَت له\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، [عن إسحاقَ بنِ] (^٤) عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: بالَ أعرابِيٌّ في المَسجِد، فقالَ أصحابُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: مَهْ، مَهْ، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُزرِموه\". قال: فلَمّا فرَغَ دَعاه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ هذه المَساجِدَ لَم تُتَّخَذْ لهَذا القَذَرِ والبَولِ والخَلاءِ، إنَّما تُتَّخَذُ لِقِراءَةِ القُرآنِ ولذِكرِ اللهِ\" ثُمَّ أمَرَ بَعضَ أصحابِه بدَلوٍ مِن ماءٍ فصَبَّه عَلَيهِ (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عِكرِمَةَ ابنِ عَمّارٍ، وقالَ في الحديثِ: \"إنَّما هِي لذِكرِ اللهِ والصَّلاةِ وقِراءَةِ القُرآنِ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٦٨) عقب (٧٩).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٢٢٣٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٥٦٩) عقب (٨١).\n(^٤) في م: \"ابن إسحاق عن\".\n(^٥) تقدم في (٤١٩٨).\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٨٥/ ١٠٠).","vol":"20","page":296},{"text":"٢٠٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبد اللهِ الأديبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ الله بنُ عُمَرَ الجُشَمِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن الجَعدِ بنِ أوسٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصيفَةَ، عن السّائبِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: بَينَما أنا مُضطَجِعٌ في المَسجِدِ إذا رَجُلٌ يَحصِبُنِي، فرَفَعتُ رأسِي فإِذا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ، فقالَ: اذهَبْ إلَى هَذَينِ الرَّجُلَينِ فأْتِنِي بهِما، فذَهَبتُ فأتَيتُه بهِما، فقالَ لَهُما عُمَرُ: ممَّن أنتُما؟ أو مِن أينَ أنتُما؟ قالا: مِن أهلِ الطّائفِ. قال: لَو كُنتُما مِن أهلِ هذا البَلَدِ لأوجَعتُكُما ضَربًا؛ تَرفَعانِ أصواتَكُما في مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ المَدينِيِّ عن يَحيَى (^٢). والجَعدُ بن أوسٍ هذا هو الجَعدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أوسٍ، ويُقالُ له: جُعَيدٌ.\n\n٢٠٢٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو النَّضرِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ بَنَى إلَى جانِبِ المَسجِدِ رَحَبَةً فسَمّاها البُطَيحاءَ، فكانَ يقولُ: مَن أرادَ أن يَلغَطَ، أو يُنشِدَ شِعرًا، أو يَرفَعَ صَوتًا، فليَخرُجْ إلَى هذه الرَّحَبَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٢٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٤٤٠٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٧٠).\n(^٣) مالك ١/ ١٧٥، ومن طريقه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ٣٤.","vol":"20","page":297},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ بنِ يَحيَى، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بن عليٍّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، عن زُفَرَ ابنِ وثيمَةَ ابنِ أوسِ بنِ الحَدَثانِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يُستَقادَ في المَسجِدِ، أو يُنشَدَ فيه، أو (^١) تُقامَ فيه الحُدودُ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ يَعنِي النَّخَعِيَّ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بن كَثيرٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبي الدَّرداءِ، وعن واثِلَةَ، وعن أبي أُمامَةَ -﵃- كُلُّهُم يقولُ: سَمِعنا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وهو على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: \"جَنِّبوا مَساجِدَكُم صِبيانَكُم، ومَجانينَكُم، وخُصوماتِكُم، ورَفعَ أصواتِكُم، وسَلَّ سُيوفِكُم، وإِقامَةَ حُدودِكُم، وأجمِروها في الجُمَعِ، واتَّخِذوا على أبوابِ مَساجِدِكُم مَطاهِرَ\" (^٣). العَلاءُ بن كَثيرٍ هذا شامِيٌّ مُنكَرُ الحَديثِ (^٤).\nوقيلَ: عن مَكحولٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ العَلاءِ عن مُعاذٍ مَرفوعًا (^٥)، ولَيسَ بصَحيحٍ.\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطني ٣/ ٨٥ من طريق عمر بن علي به. وأبو داود (٤٤٩٠) من طريق زفر بن وثيمة به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٧٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٧٦٠١) من طريق أبي نعيم النخعى به. وابن ماجه (٧٥٠) من طريق العلاء بن كثير بذكر واثلة بن الأسقع وحده. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩١: أبو نعيم عبد الرحمن بن هانئ النخعى هالك، كذبه ابن معين، وقال أحمد: ليس بشيء. ومشاه بعضهم، والخبر أيضًا منقطع.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٥٧٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبراني في مسند الشاميين (٣٥٩١) من طريق مكحول به.","vol":"20","page":298},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأردَستانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ إلَى عبدِ الحَميدِ ابنِ زَيدٍ (^١) ألا تَقضِىَ بالجِوارِ، وكتَبَ إلَيه ألا تَقضِيَ في المَسجِدِ؛ فإِنَّه يأتيكَ اليَهودِيُّ والنَّصرانِيُّ والحائضُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4226>بابُ التَّثَبُّتِ في الحُكمِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: (يا أيُّها الَّذينَ آمَنوا إن جاءَكُم فاسِق بنَبأٍ فتَثَبَّتوا (^٢) أن تُصيبوا قَومًا بجَهالَةٍ فتُصبِحوا على ما فعَلتُم نادِمينَ). وقالَ: (إِذا ضَرَبتُم في سَبيلِ اللهِ فتثبَّتوا (^٣».\n\n٢٠٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ ابنُ السَّقَّاءِ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الطَّرائِفيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"التّأنّى مِنَ الله، والعَجَلَةُ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: هو عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب والله أعلم\" ا هـ. وتقدم في (١٥٢٩)، وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٤٩.\n(^٢) في م: \"فتبينوا\". وهى الآية (٦) من سورة الحجرات: وهما قراءتان متواترتان، فقرأ حمزة والكسائي وخلف: (فتثبتوا). من التثبت. وقرأ الباقون: (فتبينوا) من التبين. النشر ٢/ ١٨٩.\n(^٣) في م: \"فتبينوا\". وهى الآية (٩٤) من سورة النساء. والمثبت قراءة حمزة والكسائي وخلف. النشر ٢/ ٢٨٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٤٢٥٦)، والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٨٧١ - بغية) من طريق الليث بن سعد به، وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩١: سعد ضعيف.","vol":"20","page":299},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٧ - أخبرَنا الحاكِمُ أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن عليِّ بنِ أحمدَ المُعاذِيُّ وأبو سَعدٍ سعيدُ بن محمدٍ الشُّعَيبِيُّ وأبو الفَضلِ ابنُ أبي سَعْدٍ (^١) الهَرَوِيُّ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو حَفصٍ عُمَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ الزَّيّاتِ الصَّيرَفِيُّ البَغدادِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ بنِ نَجَبَةَ (^٢)، حدثنا محمدُ بن ثَعلَبَةَ بنِ سَواءٍ، أنبأنا عَمِّي محمدُ بن سَواءٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ذُرانُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سَواءٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبيه، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا تأنَّيتَ -وفِي رِوايَةِ المُعاذِيِّ والشُّعَيبِيِّ والهَرَوِيِّ: إذا تثَبَّتَّ (^٣) - أصَبتَ أو كِدتَ تُصيبُ، وإذا استَعجَلتَ أخطأتَ أو كِدتَ تُخطِئُ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن صالِحٍ الأنماطِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، حدثنا بشرُ بن المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا قُرَّةُ، عن أبي جَمرَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال لِلأشَجِّ أشَجِّ عبد القَيسِ: \"إنَّ فيكَ لَخَلَّتَينِ يُحِبُّهُما اللهُ؛ الحِلمُ والأناةُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"سعيد\". وتقدم الخلاف فيه في (٣٩٥٨).\n(^٢) في الأصل: \"نجية\". وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\". وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٥٠١.\n(^٣) في م: \"تبينت\".\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩٢: سعيد قال أبو حاتم: متروك.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٨٦) عن عبد الله بن عبد الوهاب به. والترمذي (٢٠١١)،=","vol":"20","page":300},{"text":"٢٠٢٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا خالِدُ ابنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، حدثنا غَيرُ واحِدٍ ممَّن لَقِي الوَفدَ -وذَكَرَ أبا نَضرَةَ- أنَّه حَدَّثَ عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، أن وفدَ عبدِ القَيسِ لما قَدِموا على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال فيه: ثُمَّ قال نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- لأشَجِّ عبدِ القَيسِ: \"إنَّ فيكَ خَصلَتَينِ يُحِبُّهُما اللهُ ورسولُه؛ الحِلمُ والأناةُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبي عَروبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ عليٍّ في الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي سافَرَ مَعَ أصحابٍ له فلَم يَرجِعْ حينَ رَجَعوا، فاتَّهَمَ أهلُه أصحابَه، فرَفَعوهُم إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فسَألَهُمُ البَيِّنَةَ على قَتلِه، فارتَفَعوا إلَى عليٍّ، وأخبَروه بقَولِ شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ عليٌّ:\nأورَدَها سَعدٌ وسَعدٌ مُشتَمِلْ\nيا سَعدُ لا تَروَى بهذاك الإبِلْ\n_________\n= وابن حبان (٧٢٠٤) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. ومسلم (١٧/ ٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٤١٨٨) من\nطريق قرة بن خالد به. ولفظ ابن ماجه: \"الحلم والحياء\".\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٣٢٥، ٣٢٦، والآداب (١٨٢)، والأسماء والصفات (١٠٤٥)، والأربعين الصغرى (١١١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٤١) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به. والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (٥٨٥) من طريق سعيد بن أبي عروبة به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٨٣٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٨/ ٢٦).","vol":"20","page":301},{"text":"ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ أهوَنَ السَّقيِ التَّشريعُ. قال: ثُمَّ فرَّقَ بَينَهُم وسألَهُم فاختَلَفوا، ثُمَّ أقَرّوا بقَتلِه، فأحسِبُه قال: فقَتَلَهُم به. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه رَجُلٌ لا أحفَظُ اسمَه عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن عليٍّ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه:\nأورَدَها سَعدٌ وسَعدٌ مُشتَمِلْ\nهذا مَثَلٌ، يُقالُ إنَّ أصلَه أنَّ رَجُلًا أورَدَ إبِلَه ماءً لا تَصِلُ إلَى شُربِه إلا بالاستِقاء، ثُمَّ اشتَمَلَ ونامَ وتَرَكَها، يقولُ: فهَذا الفِعلُ لا تَروَى به الإبِلُ، وقَولُه: إنَّ أهوَنَ السَّقي التَّشريعُ. هو مَثَلٌ أيضًا، يقولُ: إنَّ أيسَرَ ما يَنبَغِي أن يُفعَلَ بها أن يُمَكِّنَها مِنَ الشَّريعَةِ أوِ الحَوضِ. يقولُ: إنَّ أهوَنَ ما كان يَنبَغِي لِشُرَيحٍ أن يَفعَلَ أن يَستَقصِيَ في المَسألَةِ والنَّظَرِ والكَشفِ عن خَبَرِ الرَّجُلِ حَتَّى يُعذَرَ في طَلَبِه، ولا يَقتَصِرَ على طَلَبِ البَيِّنَةِ فقَط (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4227>بابٌ: لا يَقضِي وهو غَضبانُ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبي بكرَةَ يقولُ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٣/ ٤٧٧، ٤٧٨. وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٩٢). وفي حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: الذي يظهر من قول على ﵁: إن أهون السقى التشريع. أن ما فعله شريح من طلب للبينة هو أهون القضاء، وليس تقتضيه الواقعة المرفوعة إليه ذلك، بل الذي يقتضيه البحث كما فعله على، وإلى ذلك أشار بقوله: أوردها سعد. البيت. والله سبحانه أعلم\".","vol":"20","page":302},{"text":"كَتَبَ أبو بكرَةَ إلَى ابنِه وهو على سِجِستانَ ألا (^١) تَقضِىَ بَينَ اثنَينِ وأنتَ غَضبانُ، فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَقضِي حَكَمٌ بَينَ اثنَينِ وهو غَضبانُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عُمَيرٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ قال: كَتَبَ أبي -وكَتَبتُ له بيَدِي- إلَى ابنِه عُبَيدِ اللهِ وهو على سِجِستانَ: لا أعرِفَنَّ ما حَكَمتَ بَينَ اثنَينِ وأنتَ غَضبانُ؛ فإِنِّي سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَحكُمَنَّ حَكَمٌ بَينَ اثنَينِ وهو غَضبانُ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٣٠٣ - حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ النَّبيلُ، أنبأنا سفيانُ يَعنِي الثَّورِيَّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لا\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٦٠). وأخرجه الطيالسي (٩٠٠)، وأحمد (٢٠٥٢٢) من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٠٧) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧١٥٨)، ومسلم (١٧١٧) عقب (١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٣٤)، والنسائي (٥٤٢١) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٧١٧/ ١٦).","vol":"20","page":303},{"text":"وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ يَعنى ابنَ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، كُلُّهُم عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَقضِي القاضِي بَينَ اثنَينِ وهو غَضبانُ\" (^١). مَعناهُم واحِدٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخَرجَه مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: قال رَجُلٌ: أوصنِي يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"لا تَغضَبْ\". قال الرَّجُلُ: ففَكَّرتُ حين قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما قال، فإِذا الغَضبُ يَجمَعُ الشَّرَّ كُلَّه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٥٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٩٩، ٧/ ٩٤. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٧٩)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٩) من طريق سفيان الثوري به. والنسائي (٥٩٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٠٦٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٧) عقب (١٦).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٨٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٣١٧١). وأخرجه مالك ٢/ ٩٠٥ عن الزهري به.","vol":"20","page":304},{"text":"حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن عَيّاشٍ، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: أوصِنِي. قال: \"لا تَغضَبْ\". فتَرَدَّدَ إلَيه مِرارًا لا يَزيدُ على أن يَقولَ: \"لا تَغضَبْ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي سعيدٍ:\n\n٢٠٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا (^٣) أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن زيادٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ عَلِّمْنى عَمَلًا أَدخُلُ به (^٤) الجَنَّةَ، وأقلِلْ لَعَلِّي أعقِلُ. قال: \"لا تَغضَبْ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠٣٠٧ - ورَواه أبو مُعاويَةَ وشَيبانُ عن الأعمَشِ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ أو عن أبي سعيدٍ بالشَّكِّ قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، عَلِّمنِي شَيئًا يَنفَعُنِي اللهُ به، وأقلِلْ لَعَلِّي أعِي ما تَقولُ. قال: فقالَ له: \"لا تَغضَبْ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، عَلِّمنِي شَيئًا يَنفَعُنِي. قال: فأعادَ عَلَيه مِرارًا يقولُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٠١١)، والترمذي (٢٠٢٠) من طريق أبي بكر بن عياش به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١١٦).\n(^٣) ضرب على هذا الحديث والذي بعده في نسخة المصنف.\n(^٤) ليس في: الأصل.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدقاق في مجلس في رؤية الله (٧١٧) من طريق مسدد به. وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٣٩٣ من طريق عبد الواحد بن زياد به.","vol":"20","page":305},{"text":"له: \"لا تَغضَبْ\". أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ والصَّيرَفِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ (^١).\nورُوِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4228>بابٌ: لا يَقضِي القاضِي إلَّا وهو شَبعانُ رَيّانُ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بن [يحيى بنِ] (^٢) عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي الحارِثِ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا هِشامُ ابنُ عليٍّ، حدثنا كَثيرُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا القاسِمُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ العُمَرِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي طُوالَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَقضِي القاضِي إلَّا وهو شَبعانُ رَيّانُ\" (^٣).\nتَفَرَّدَ به القاسِمُ العُمَرِيُّ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٤)، والحَديثُ الصحيحُ في البابِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخرائطى في مساوئ الأخلاق (٣٢٢) من طريق شيبان به. وابن المقرئ في معجمه (٩٢٢)، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ٣٩٣، ٣٩٤ من طريق الأعمش به، وعندهم عن أبي هريرة من غير شك.\n(^٢) سقط من: م. وفي نسخة المصنف: \"محمد بن\". وتقدم في (١٠٧٢، ١٣١٧، ١٤١٢) وغيرها.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٥٩، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٦ من طريق موسى بن داود به. والطبراني في الأوسط (٤٦٠٣)، والحارث بن أبي أسامة (٤٦٠ - بغية) من طريق القاسم بن عبد الله بن عمر به.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (١٢٦١).","vol":"20","page":306},{"text":"قَبلَه يُؤَدِّي مَعناه.\n\n٢٠٣٠٩ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بن أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا وقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى -﵄-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وفيه قال: ثُمَّ إيّاكَ والضَّجَرَ والقَلَقَ، والتّأذِّيَ بالنّاسِ، والتَّنَكُّرَ بالخُصومِ في مَواطِنِ الحَقِّ التي يُوجِبُ اللهُ تَعالَى بها الأجرَ، ويُكسِبُ بها الذُّخرَ؛ فإِنَّه مَن يُصلِحْ سَريرَتَه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ رَبِّه أصلَحَ اللهُ ما بَينَه وبَينَ النّاسِ، ومَن تَزَيَّنَ لِلنّاسِ بما يَعلَمُ اللهُ مِنه خِلافَ ذَلِكَ يَشِنْه اللهُ؛ فما ظَنُّكَ بثَوابِ غَيرِ اللهِ في عاجِلِ الدُّنيا وخَزائنِ رَحمَتِه؟ والسَّلامُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاك، أنبأنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي حَريزٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه كان إذا غَضِبَ أو جاعَ قامَ فلَم يَقضِ بَينَ أحَدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عُمارَةَ بنِ شُبرُمَةَ قال: كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٣٨ من طريق أبي الحسين ابن بشران به، وفي مطبوعته\nتحريف وتصحيف في الإسناد.","vol":"20","page":307},{"text":"ابنُ أبي لَيلَى لا يَقعُدُ لِلقَضاءِ إلا يُؤتَى بقَصعَةٍ فيأكُلُ، ثُمَّ يُؤتَى بغاليَةٍ فيَتَغَلَّفُ (^١)، وإِذا كان يَومُ النِّساءِ أجلَسَ مَعَه رَجُلًا.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4229>بابُ القاضِي يَقضِي في حالِ غَضَبِه فوافَقَ الحَقَّ</span>\n\n٢٠٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بن الفَضلِ وعُثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ فرَّقَهُما قالا: حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا لَيثُ بن سَعدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ، أنبأنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ أنَّه حَدَّثَه أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ حَدَّثَه، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ خاصَمَ الزُّبَيرَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في شِراجِ الحَرَّةِ التي يَسقونَ بها النَّخلَ، فقالَ الأنصارِيُّ: سَرِّحِ الماءَ يَمُرُّ. فأبَى عَلَيه، فاختَصَما (^٢) عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلزُّبَيرِ: \"اسقِ يا زُبَيرُ، ثُمَّ أرسِلْ إلَى جارِكَ\". فغَضِبَ الأنصارِيُّ فقالَ: أن كان ابنَ عَمَّتِكَ؟ فتَلَوَّنَ وجهُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ قال: \"يا زُبَيرُ اسقِ ثُمَّ احبِسْ (^٣) حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى الجَدْرِ\" قال: فقالَ الزُّبَيرُ: واللهِ إنِّي لأحسِبُ هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت في ذَلِكَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ الآية (^٤) [النساء: ٦٥]. رَواه\n_________\n(^١) الغالية: طيب معروف، وإنما سميت بذلك لأنها أخلاط تغلى على النار مع بعضها. وتغلف بالغالية تطيب بها. ينظر التاج ٢٤/ ٢٢٦، ٣٠/ ١١٩ (غ ل ل، غ ل ى).\n(^٢) في نسخة المصنف، س، م: \"اختصموا\".\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"الماء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤) من طريق أبي الوليد به. وتقدم في (١١٩٧٥).","vol":"20","page":308},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن اللَّيثِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: خاصَمَ الزُّبَيرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ في شَرِيجٍ (^٢) مِنَ الحَرَّة، فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اسقِ يا زُبَيرُ، ثُمَّ أرسِلِ الماءَ إلَى جارِكَ\". فقالَ الأنصارِيُّ: يا رسولَ اللهِ أن كان ابنَ عَمَّتِكَ؟ فتَلَوَّنَ وجهُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ قال: \"اسقِ يا زُبَيرُ، ثُمَّ احبِسِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ الماءُ إلَى الجَدْر، ثُمَّ أرسِلْ إلَى جارِكَ\". قال: واستَوْعَى (^٣) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلزُّبَيرِ حَقَّه في صَريحِ الحُكمِ حينَ أحفَظَه الأنصارِيُّ. قال: وقَد كان أشارَ عَلَيهِما قبلَ ذَلِكَ بأمرٍ كان لَهُما فيه سَعَةٌ. قال الزُّبَيرُ: فما أحسِبُ هذه الآيَةَ نَزَلَت إلا في ذَلِكَ: ﴿فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾. قال: فسَمِعتُ غَيرَ الزُّهرِيِّ يقولُ: نَظَرنا في قَولِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"ثُمَّ احبِسِ الماءَ حَتَّى يَرجِعَ إلَى الجَدْرِ\". فكانَ ذَلِكَ إلَى الكَعبَينِ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٣٥٩، ٢٣٦٠)، ومسلم (٢٣٥٧/ ١٢٩).\n(^٢) في أصل المصنف، س، م: \"شرج\".\n(^٣) في م: \"استوعب\"، وهما بمعنى.\n(^٤) تقدم في (١١٩٧٦).","vol":"20","page":309},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ مُختَصَرًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4230>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ لِلقاضِي مِنَ الشِّراءِ والبَيعِ والنَّظَرِ في النَّفَقَةِ على أهلِه وفي ضَيعَتِه لِئَلا يَشغَلَ فهمَه</span>\n\n٢٠٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن خالِدِ بنِ خَلِيٍّ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بن شُعَيبِ بنِ أبي حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: لما استُخلِفَ أبو بكرٍ قال: قَد عَلِمَ قَومِي أن حِرفَتِي لَم تَكُنْ لِتَعجِزَ عن مُؤنَةِ أهلِي، وقَد شُغِلتُ بأمرِ المُسلِمينَ، فسَيأكُلُ آلُ أبي بكرٍ مِن هذا المالِ وأحتَرِفُ لِلمُسلِمينَ فيهِ. قال: وحَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: لما استُخلِفَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ أكَلَ هو وأهلُه مِنَ المالِ، واحتَرَفَ في مالِ نَفسِهِ (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ كما مَضى في كِتابِ القَسمِ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁- خَطَبَ النّاسَ يعني حينَ استُخلِفَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فلَمّا أصبَحَ غَدا إلَى السّوقِ فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: أينَ تُريدُ؟ قال: السّوقَ. قال: وقَد جاءَكَ ما يَشغَلُكَ عن السّوقِ؟ قال: سُبحانَ اللهِ! يَشغَلُنِي عن عيالِي؟ قال: تَفرِضُ بالمَعروفِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٣٦١).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١٣١٣٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٠٧٠)، وتقدم عقب (١٣١٣٨).","vol":"20","page":310},{"text":"الحديثَ، وذَكَرَ فيه وصيَّتَه برَدِّ ما أخَذَ مِنه في بَيتِ المالِ.\n\n٢٠٣١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن حَفصٍ، أنبأنا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن حَفصِ بنِ غَيلانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁- أن تِجارَةَ الأميرِ في إمارَتِه خَسارَةٌ.\n\n٢٠٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرمَلَةُ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيثُ، عن بَعضِ إخوانِه، عن جُزَيِّ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أن زَبّانَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَو رَكِبتَ فتَرَوَّحتَ! قال عُمَرُ: فمَن يَجزِي عَمَلَ ذَلِكَ اليَومِ؟ قال: تَجزِيه مِنَ الغَدِ. قال: لَقَد كَدَحَنِي عَمَلُ يَومٍ واحِدٍ، فكَيفَ إذا اجتَمَعَ عليّ عَمَلُ يَومَينِ في يَومٍ واحِدٍ؟ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ شُبرُمَةَ قال: ولَّى ابنُ هُبَيرَةَ الشَّعبِيَّ القَضاءَ، وكَلَّفَه أن يَسمُرَ مَعَه باللَّيل، فقالَ له الشَّعبِيُّ: لا أستَطيعُ هذا، أفرِدنِي بأحَدِ الأمرَينِ؛ لا أستَطيعُ القَضاءَ وسَمَرَ الليلِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٦٠١ وعنده: زياد. بدلًا من: زبان. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٥/ ١٩٨ من طريق المصنف به، وعنده: \"حرى\" بدلًا من: \"جزى\". و\"ريان\". بدلًا من: \"زبان\".\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٩٣. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢٥/ ٤٠٤ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"20","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4231>بابُ ما يُستَحَبُّ لِلقاضِي والوالِي مِن أن يوَلِّي الشِّراءَ له والبَيعَ رَجُلًا مأمونًا غَيرَ مَشهورٍ بأنَّه يَبيعُ له خَوفَ المُحاباةِ</span>\nوفِي مَعناه أثَرٌ إسنادُه غَيرُ قَوِيٍّ:\n\n٢٠٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا المُختارُ وهو ابنُ نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ مَطَرٍ قال: خَرَجتُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ فإِذا رَجُلٌ يُنادِي مِن خَلفِي: ارفَعْ إزارَكَ؛ فإِنَّه أنقَى لِثَوبِكَ، وأتقَى لَكَ، وخُذْ مِن رأسِكَ إن كُنتَ مُسلِمًا. فمَشَيتُ خَلفَه فقُلتُ: مَن هذا؟ فقالَ لِي رَجُلٌ: هذا عليٌّ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ. قال: ثُمَّ أتَى دارَ فُراتٍ وهو سوقُ الكَرابيسِ (^١) فقالَ: يا شَيخُ أحسِنْ بَيعِي في قَميصٍ بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ. فلَمّا عَرَفَه لَم يَشتَرِ مِنه شَيئًا، ثُمَّ أتَى آخَرَ فلَمّا عَرَفَه لَم يَشتَرِ مِنه شَيئًا، فأتَى غُلامًا حَدَثًا فاشتَرَى مِنه قَميصًا بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ، ولَبِسَه ما بَينَ الرُّصغَينِ إلَى الكَعبَينِ. قال: فجاءَ أبو الغُلامِ صاحِبُ الثَّوبِ فقيلَ: يا فُلانُ قَد باعَ ابنُكَ اليَومَ مِن أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ قَميصًا بثَلاثَةِ دَراهِمَ قال: أفَلا أخَذتَ دِرهَمَينِ؟ فأخَذَ أبوه دِرهَمًا وجاءَ به إلَى أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فقالَ: أمسِكْ هذا الدِّرهَمَ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: ما شأنُ هذا الدِّرهَمِ؟ قال: كان قَميصًا ثَمَنَ دِرهَمَينِ. قال: باعَنِي برِضاى وأخَذَ رِضاه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الكرابيس: القطن الأبيض. التاج ١٦/ ٤٣٢ (كربس).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٥٥)، وعبد بن حميد (٩٦ - منتخب) عن محمد بن عبيد الطنافسى به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩٦: المختار ليس بثقة، وشيخه مجهول.","vol":"20","page":312},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4232>بابٌ: القاضِي يأتِي الوَليمَةَ إذا دُعِي لها، ويَعودُ المَرضَى، ويَشهَدُ الجَنائزَ</span>\nقال البخاريُّ ﵀: قَد أجابَ عثمانُ -﵁- عبدًا لِلمُغيرَةِ بنِ شُعبَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الأشعَثِ ابنِ أبي الشَّعثاءِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ سوَيدِ بنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بسَبعٍ؛ أمَرَنا باتِّباعِ الجَنائزِ، وعيادَةِ المريضِ، وتَشميتِ العاطِسِ، ونَصرِ المَظلومِ، وإِفشاءِ السَّلامِ، وإِجابَةِ الدّاعِي، وإِبرارِ المُقسِمِ (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ جَريرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي محمدُ بن أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"حَقُّ المُسلِمِ على المُسلِمِ سِتٌّ\". قيلَ: ما هُنَّ (^٤) يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"إذا لَقيتَه فسَلِّمْ عَلَيه، وإِذا دَعاكَ فأجِبْه، وإِذا استَنصَحَكَ فانصَحْ له، وإِذا عَطَسَ فحَمِدَ اللهَ فشَمِّتْه، وإِذا مَرِضَ فعُدْه، وإِذا ماتَ فاتَّبِعْه (^٥) \". رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) البخاري عقب (٧١٧٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (٥٩١٢، ٦١٣٥، ٦٦٥١)، وعقب (١٤٦٤٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٢٣٥)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٦٣٦ (٢٠٦٦) عقب (٣).\n(^٤) في نسخة المصنف: \"هو\".\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"فاتبع جنازته\". وفي الحاشية كالمثبت.","vol":"20","page":313},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ بن حَيّانَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا أبو حَفصٍ عمرُو بن عليٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بن أبي الأسوَدِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: كان عُمَرُ -﵁- إذا قَدِمَ عَلَيه الوُفودُ سألَهُم عن أميرِهِم: أيَعودُ المَريضَ؟ أيُجيبُ العَبدَ؟ كَيفَ صَنيعُهُ؟ مَن يَقومُ على بابِه؟ فإِن قالوا لخَصلَةٍ مِنها: لا. عَزَلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4233>بابٌ: القاضِي إذا بانَ له مِن أحَدِ الخَصمَيِن اللَّدَدُ (^٣) نَهاه عَنهُ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا حَجّاجٌ وأبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أبغَضُ الرِّجالِ إلَى اللهِ الألَدُّ الخَصِمُ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي عاصِمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ وكيعٍ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ (^٥).\n_________\n= والحديث تقدم في (١١٠١٢).\n(^١) مسلم (٢١٦٢/ ٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تاريخه ٤/ ٢٢٦ من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٣) اللدد: الشدة في الخصومة. اللسان ٣/ ٣٩١ (ل د د).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٧٧، ٢٤٣٤٣، ٢٥٧٠٤)، والترمذي (٢٩٧٦)، والنسائي (٥٤٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٦٩٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٤٥٧)، ومسلم (٢٦٦٨/ ٥).","vol":"20","page":314},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، أنبأنا حَبيبُ بن الشَّهيدِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن عُمَرَ قال لأبِي موسَى -﵁-: انظُرْ في قَضاءِ أبي مَريَمَ. قال: إنِّي لا أتَّهِمُ أبا مَريَمَ. قال: وأنا لا أتَّهِمُه، ولَكِن إذا رأيتَ مِن خَصمٍ ظُلمًا فعاقِبْه (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينيُّ بها، أنبأنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: لأنزِعَنَّ فُلانًا عن القَضاءِ، ولأستَعمِلَنَّ على القَضاءِ رَجُلًا إذا رآه الفاجِرُ فرِقَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4234>بابُ مُشاوَرَةِ الوالِي والقاضِي في الأمرِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩].\n\n٢٠٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ محمدٍ البَغدادِيُّ بنَيسابورَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ العَلَّافُ بمِصرَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾، قال: أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق حبيب بن الشهيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٢٧٠ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٣/ ٧٠ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن عبدي في الكامل ٤/ ١٥٦٨ من طريق سعيد بن أبي مريم به.","vol":"20","page":315},{"text":"٢٠٣٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ ابن زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي عُمَرَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ ومَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ في قِصَّةِ الحُدَيبيَةِ قالا: فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"أشيروا عليَّ، أتَرَونَ أن نَميلَ إلَى ذَرارِيِّ هَؤُلاءِ الَّذينَ أعانوهُم فنُصيبَهُم؟ أم تَرَونَ أن نَؤُمَّ البَيتَ فمَن صَدَّنا عنه قاتَلناه؟ \". قال أبو بكرٍ: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ، إنَّما جِئْنا مُعتَمِرينَ ولَم نَجِئْ لِقِتالِ أحَدٍ، ولَكِنْ مَن حالَ بَينَنا وبَينَ البَيتِ قاتَلناه. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"فرُوحوا إذن\". قال الزُّهرِيُّ: قال أبو هريرةَ: ما رأيتُ أحَدًا كان أكثَرَ مُشاوَرَةً لأصحابِه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عَبدوسُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسِ ابنِ مالكٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما سارَ إلَى بَدرٍ استَشارَ المُسلِمينَ، فأشارَ عَلَيه أبو بكرٍ -﵁-، ثُمَّ استَشارَهُم فأشارَ عَلَيه عُمَرُ -﵁-، ثُمَّ استَشارَهُم فقالَتِ الأنصارُ: يا مَعشَرَ الأنصارِ إيّاكُم يُريدُ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قالوا: إذن لا نَقولُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١٨٨٤٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٧٣١، ٢٧٣٢).\nوكتب بعده في نسخة المصنف: \"وأخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن القاضي حدثنا أبو عباس الأصم، أخبرنا الربيع بن سليمان، أخبرنا الشافعي، أخبرنا ابن عيينة، عن الزهري قال: قال أبو هريرة: ما رأيت أحدًا أكثر مشاورة لأصحابه من رسول الله -ﷺ-\". وكتب في أوله: \"لا تكتب\". وكتب في آخره: \"إلى\". وكتب فوقه: \"كما مضى\".","vol":"20","page":316},{"text":"كما قالَت بَنو إسرائيلَ لموسَى: ﴿فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٢٤]. والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لَو ضَرَبتَ أكبادَها إلَى بَرْكِ الغِمادِ (^١) لاتَّبَعناكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ الحُرفِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ بن محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن مَسعودٍ، حدثنا عِكرِمَةُ بن عَمّارٍ، عن أبي زُمَيلٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: لما كان يَومُ بَدرٍ قال: \"ما تَرَونَ في هَؤُلاءِ الأسرَى (^٣)؟ \". فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا نَبِيَّ الله، بَنو العَمِّ والعَشيرَةِ والإِخوانُ، غَيرَ أنّا نأخُذُ مِنهُمُ الفِداءَ ليَكونَ لَنا قوَّةً على المُشرِكينَ، وعَسَى اللهُ أن يَهديَهُم إلَى الإِسلامِ، ويَكونوا لَنا عَضُدًا. قال: \"فماذا تَرَى يا ابنَ الخَطّابِ؟ \". قُلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ الله، ما أرَى الَّذِي رأى أبو بكرٍ، ولَكِن هَؤُلاءِ أئمَّةُ الكُفرِ وصَناديدُهم؛ فقَرِّبْهُم فاضرِبْ أعناقَهُم. قال: فهَوِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ما قال أبو بكرٍ، ولَم يَهوَ ما قُلتُ أنا، فأخَذَ مِنهُم الفِداءَ، فلَمّا أصبَحتُ غَدَوتُ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وإِذا هو وأبو بكرٍ قاعِدانِ يَبكيانِ فقلتُ: يا نَبِيَّ الله، أخبِرنِي مِن أيِّ شَئٍ تَبكِي أنتَ وصاحِبُكَ؛ فإِن وجَدتُ بُكاءً بَكَيتُ، وِإلَّا تَباكَيتُ لِبُكائكُما. قال: \"الَّذِي عَرَضَ عليّ أصحابُكَ،\n_________\n(^١) برك الغماد: مرفأ على الساحل جنوب مكة على قرابة (٦٠٠) كيل، ولها واد يسمى بهذا الاسم. ينظر المعالم الجغرافية ص ٤٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٠٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٤٨، ٨٥٨٠، ١١١٤١). وابن حبان (٤٧٢١) من طريق حميد الطويل به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩٨: سنده صحيح.\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف: \"الأسارى\".","vol":"20","page":317},{"text":"لَقَد عُرِضَ عليَّ عَذابُكُم أدنَى مِن هذه الشَّجَرَةِ\". وَشَجَرَةٌ قَريبَةٌ حينَئذٍ، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ﴾ الآيةَ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ شُبرُمَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ قال: عَلِم اللهُ سُبحانَه أنَّه ما به إلَيهِم مِن حاجَةٍ، ولَكِن أرادَ أن يَستَنَّ به مَن بَعدَه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن صالِحٍ يَعنى ابنَ حَيٍّ قال: قال الشَّعبِيُّ: مَن سَرَّه أن يأخُذَ بالوَثيقَةِ مِنَ القَضاءِ فليأخُذْ بقَضاءِ عُمَرَ؛ فإِنَّه كان يَستَشيرُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بن جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، أنبأنا أشعَثُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٠٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٦٣/ ٥٨).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٦٧)، وسعيد بن منصور (٥٣٤ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في\nتفسيره (٤٤١٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٥٧.","vol":"20","page":318},{"text":"\"رأسُ العَقلِ بعدَ الإيمانِ باللهِ التَّوَدُّدُ إلَى النّاسِ، وما يَستَغنِي رَجُلٌ عن مَشورَةٍ، وإِنَّ أهلَ المَعروفِ في الدُّنيا هُم أهلُ المَعروفِ في الآخِرَة، وإِنَّ أهلَ المُنكَرِ في الدُّنيا هُم أهلُ المُنكَرِ في الآخِرَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ ابنُ البُخارِيّ، حدثنا يَحيَى يَعنِي ابنَ أبي طالِبٍ، أنبأنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، أنبأنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: الرِّجالُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ فرَجُلٌ، ونِصفُ رَجُلٍ، ولا شَئَ، فأمّا الرَّجُلُ التّامُّ فالَّذِي له رأىٌ وهو يَستَشيرُ، وأمّا نِصفُ رَجُلٍ فالَّذِي لَيسَ له رأىٌ وهو يَستَشيرُ، وأمّا الَّذِي لا شَئَ فالَّذِي لَيسَ له رأىٌ ولا يَستَشيرُ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سألَ عُمَرُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ عن قاضِي الكوفَةِ وقالَ: القاضِي لا يَنبَغِي أن يَكونَ قاضيًا حَتَّى يَكونَ فيه خَمسُ خِصالٍ: عَفيفٌ، حَليمٌ، عالِمٌ بما كان قَبلَه، يَستَشيرُ ذَوِي الألبابِ، لا يُبالى بمَلامَةِ النّاسِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاك،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٨٦٣٦). وأخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ١/ ٣٦٧ من طريق أشعث بن براز به. وهناد في الزهد (١٢٤٩)، وابن أبي الدنيا في قضاء الحوائج (١٧) من طريق علي بن زيد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠٩٩: مرسل ضعيف.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ٤١٣ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٦٨). وأخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٥/ ٣٦٩ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":319},{"text":"حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ يَعنى أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بن عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن مُغيرَةَ قال: كان لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ سُمّارٌ يَستَشيرُهُم فيما يُرفَعُ إلَيه مِن أُمورِ النّاسِ، وكانَ عَلامَةُ ما بَينَه وبَينَهُم إذا أحَبَّ أن يَقوموا قال: إذا شِئتُم (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٣٥ - حدثنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ابنُ اللاسَكِيِّ بالرَّيِّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي حاتِمٍ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا عيسَى ابنُ يونُسَ، عن الأوزاعِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ قال: قال سُلَيمانُ بن داودَ ﵇ لابنِه: يا بُنيَّ لا تَقطَعْ أمرًا حَتَّى تُؤامِرَ مُرشِدًا؛ فإِنَّكَ إذا فعَلتَ ذَلِكَ لَم تَحزَنْ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن هِشامٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ قال: كان سَلمانُ بن رَبيعَةَ يَقضِي في المَسجِد، فسُئلَ عن فريضَةٍ فأخطَأ فيها، فقالَ له عمرُو بن شُرَحبيلَ: القَضاءُ فيها كَذا وكَذا، فكأنَّه وجَدَ في نَفسِه، فرفَع (^٣)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٥/ ٣٨٣، وابن أبي شيبة (٣١٣١) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧١٣٥). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٦٧٦) عن عيسى بن يونس به، ومن طريقه أحمد في الزهد ص ٢١٥، ٢١٦.\n(^٣) في م: \"فرجع\".","vol":"20","page":320},{"text":"ذَلِكَ إلَى أبي موسَى، فقالَ: أمّا أنتَ يا سَلمانُ فما كان نَولُكَ (^١) تَغضَبُ، وأمّا أنتَ يا عمرُو فكانَ مِن نَولِكَ تُشاوِرُه في أُذُنِهِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4235>بابُ مَوضِعِ المُشاوَرَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: إذا نَزَلَ بالحاكِمِ الأمرُ يَحتَمِلُ وُجوهًا، أو مُشكِلٌ، انْبَغَى (^٣) له أن يُشاوِرَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ الأنصارِيُّ وأبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ قالا: حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا سَيّارٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: لما بَعَثَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ شُرَيحًا على قَضاءِ أهلِ الكوفَةِ قال. انظُرْ ما تبَيَّنَ لَكَ في كِتابِ اللهِ فلا تَسألَنَّ عنه أحَدًا، وما لَم يَتَبَيَّنْ لَكَ في كِتابِ اللهِ فاتَّبعْ فيه السُّنَّةَ، وما لَم يَتَبَيَّنْ لَكَ في السُنَّةِ فاجتَهِدْ فيه رأيَكَ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٣٣٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجْدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى شُرَيحٍ: إذا أتاكَ أمرٌ\n_________\n(^١) فما كان نولك: فما كان ينبغى لك. ينظر التاج ٣١/ ٤٣ (ن ول).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٢١/ ٤٧٠ من طريق المصنف به. وابن المبارك في الزهد (٦٦٤) من طريق سفيان به بزيادة مرة بين أبي إسحاق وعمرو بن شرحبيل.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"ينبغى\".\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٩٥.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ١٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"20","page":321},{"text":"في كِتابِ الله تَعالَى فاقضِ به، ولا يَلفِتَنَّكَ الرِّجالُ عنه، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ وكانَ في سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ - فاقضِ به، وإن لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ ولا في سُنَّةِ رسولِه فاقضِ بما قَضَى به أئمَّةُ الهُدَى، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ ولا في سُنَّةِ رسولِه -ﷺ- ولا فيما قَضَى به أئمَّةُ الهُدَى فأنتَ بالخيارِ، إن شِئتَ تَجتَهِدُ رأيَكَ، وإِن شِئتَ أن تُؤامِرَنِي، ولا أرَى مُؤامَرَتَكَ إيّاى إلَّا أسلَمَ لَكَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فأخبَرَ عُمَرُ عن مَوضِعِ المُؤامَرَةِ وهِي المُشاوَرَةُ، فرُبَّما يَكونُ عِندَه مِنَ الأصولِ ما لَم يَبلُغْ شُرَيحًا فيُخبِرُه به، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4236>بابُ مَن يُشاوِرُ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يُشاوِرُ مَن جَمَعَ العِلمَ والأمانَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بن عليِّ بنِ عبد الخالِقِ المُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ قالا: أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أيُّوبُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ قال: قال يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: أخبرَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما بَعَثَ اللهُ مِن نَبِيٍّ ولا استُخْلِفَ مِن خَليفَةٍ إلا كانَت له بطانَتانِ؛ بطانَةٌ تأمُرُه بالخَيرِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٩٥.","vol":"20","page":322},{"text":"وتَحُضُّه عَلَيه، وبِطانَةٌ تأمُرُه بالشَّرِّ وتَحُضُّه عَلَيه، فالمَعصومُ مَن عَصَمَ اللهُ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ هو ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا يونُسُ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما استُخلِفَ خَليفَةٌ إلا له بطانَتانِ\". فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٤١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ، أخبرَنِي الحَسَنُ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي سلَمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"ما بُعِثَ مِن نَبِيٍّ ولا استُخْلِفَ مِن خَليفَةٍ إلا كانَت له بطانَتانِ\". فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، وعن أصبَغَ بنِ الفَرَجِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤)، واستَشهَدَ برِوايَةِ يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\nقال البخاريُّ (^٥): وقالَ الأوزاعِيُّ: عن الزُّهرِيِّ، عن أبي سلَمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ. فذَكَرَ ما:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في القضاء والقدر (٣٣٨). وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢١١٤) من طريق\nأيوب بن سليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١١٨٣٤) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦١٩٢) من طريق حرملة بن يحيى به. وأحمد (١١٣٤٢)، والنسائي (٤٢١٣) من طريق عبد الله بن وهب به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٦١١، ٧١٩٨).\n(^٥) البخاري عقب (٧١٩٨).","vol":"20","page":323},{"text":"٢٠٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِيُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ، أخبرَني أبي، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شِهابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن نَبِيٍّ ولا والٍ إلا ولَه بطانَتانِ؛ بطانَةٌ تأمُرُه بالمعروفِ وتَنهاه عن المُنكَرِ، وبطانَةٌ لا تألوه خَبالًا، فمَن وُقِيَ شَرَّهُما فقَد وُقِي، وهِيَ (^١) مِنَ التي تَغلِبُ عَلَيه مِنهُما\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ السُّوسِيِّ.\nوذَكَرَ البخاريُّ ما (^٣):\n\n٢٠٣٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو العباسِ أحمدُ بن محمدٍ الشّاذْياخِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا أبي وشُعَيبٌ، عن اللَّيثِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ أنَّه قال: حَدَّثَنِي صَفوانُ بن سُلَيمٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي أيّوبَ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ نَبِيَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما بَعَثَ اللهُ مِن نَبِيٍّ ولا كان بَعدَه خَليفَةٌ إلا له بطانَتانِ؛ بطانَةٌ تأمُرُه بالمَعروفِ وتَنهاه عن المُنكَرِ، وبطانَةٌ لا تألُوه خَبالًا، فمَن وُقِيَ\n_________\n(^١) ضبب عليها في الأصل، ولفظ أحمد والنسائي: \"وهو من التي\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٣٩)، وابن حبان (٦١٩١) من طريق الوليد به. والنسائي (٤٢١٢) من طريق الزهري به. والترمذي (٢٣٦٩) من طريق أبي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٧١٩٨).","vol":"20","page":324},{"text":"بطانَةَ السَّوءِ فقَد وُقِيَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ المِهرَجانِيُّ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بن محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِن أصلِه وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ ابنُ العَطّارِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عُتبَةَ أحمدُ بن الفَرَج، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَمَّتِي عائشةَ -﵂- تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ولِيَ مِنكُم عَمَلًا فأراد الله به خَيرًا جَعَلَ له وزيرًا صالِحًا، إن نَسِي دكَّرَه، وإِن ذَكَرَ أعانَه\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ [أحمدَ بنِ] (^٣) عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن أيّوبَ النَّصيبِيُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن محمدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أرادَ اللهُ بالأميرِ خَيرًا جَعَلَ له وزيرَ صِدقٍ، إن نَسِي ذَكَّرَه، وإِن ذَكَرَ أعانَه، وإِذا أرادَ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ جَعَلَ له وزيرَ سَوءٍ، إن نَسِي لَم يُذَكِّرْه، وإِن ذَكَرَ لَم يُعِنه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي (٤٢١٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٢١١٢) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم به. والطبراني (٣٨٩٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٤٠٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٥٢) من طريق بقية به. وأحمد (٢٤٤١٤)، وأبو يعلى (٤٤٣٩) من طريق القاسم بن محمد به.\n(^٣) سقط من: م.\n(^٤) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٣١٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٤٩٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.","vol":"20","page":325},{"text":"رَواه أبو داودَ في \"السنن\" عن موسَى بنِ عامِرٍ عن الوَليدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٤٦ - ورَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\"، عن موسَى بنِ مَروانَ الرَّقِّيِّ عن المُعافَى بنِ عِمرانَ عن ثَورٍ عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ ما الحَزمُ؟ قال: \"أن تُشاوِرَ ذا رأي ثُمَّ تُطيعَه\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٤٧ - وعن محمدِ بنِ الوَزيرِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمزةَ، عن ثَورِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي حُسَينٍ، أن رَجُلًا قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ. ذَكَرَ مِثلَه غَيرَ أنَّه قال: \"ذا لُبٍّ\" (^٣).\nأخبرَنا بهِما أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَهُما.\n\n٢٠٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُستَشارُ مُؤتَمَنٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٣٢). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٥٤٤).\n(^٢) أبو داود في المراسيل (٤٨٢).\n(^٣) أبو داود في المراسيل (٤٨٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في الآداب (٢٤٨)، وأبو داود (٥١٢٨). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٤٥) من طريق يحيى بن أبي بكير به. والترمذي (٢٣٦٩) من طريق شيبان به. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤٢٧٧).","vol":"20","page":326},{"text":"ورَواه أبو عَوانَةَ عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^١).\nورَواه عبدُ الحَكيمِ بن مَنصورٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن أبي سلمةَ عن أبي الهَيثَمِ بنِ التَّيِّهانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ قالا: حدثنا الأسوَدُ بن عامِرٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي عمرٍو الشَّيبانيِّ، عن أبي مَسعودٍ الأنصارِيِّ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُستَشارُ مُؤتَمَنٌ\" (^٣). وفي رِوايَةِ العباسِ: قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n\n٢٠٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الفقيهُ بالطّابَرانِ ﵀، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الصَّوّافُ، حدثنا بشرُ ابنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنِي بكرُ بن عمرٍو، عن أبي عثمانَ مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَمِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الشيخ في الأمثال ص ١٠، والضياء في المختارة ٣/ ٤٨٠ (٢٨٠)، والطبراني ١٢٢/ ١٣ (٣٠٢ - جزء من القطعة المفقودة) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار عقب (٢١٩٥)، وابن قانع في معجم الصحابة ٣/ ٣٣، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٠٢٣) من طريق عبد الحكيم بن منصور به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٣٦٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٤٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٩٠)، والطبراني ١٧/ ٢٣٠ (١٦٣٨) من طريق الأسود بن عامر به.","vol":"20","page":327},{"text":"أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني سعيدُ بنُ أبي (^١) أيّوبَ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي نُعَيمَةَ (^٢)، عن أبي عثمانَ مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن قال عليّ ما لَم أقُلْ فليتَبَؤأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ، ومَنِ استَشارَه أخوه فأشارَ عَلَيه بغَيرِ رُشدِه فقَد خانَه، ومَن أُفْتِي بفُتيا غَيرِ ثَبتٍ فإِنَّما إثمُه عَلَى مَن أفتاه\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ ابنِ وهبٍ.\n\n٢٠٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: بَلَغَنا أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: لا تَعْرِضَنَّ فيما لا يَعنيكَ، واعتَزِلْ عَدوَّكَ، واحتَفِظْ مِن خَليلِكَ إلَّا الأمينَ، فإِنَّ الأمينَ مِنَ القَومِ لا يَعدِلُه شَيءٌ، ولا تَصحَبِ الفاجِرَ يُعَلِّمُكَ مِن فُجورِه، ولا تُفشِ إلَيه سِرَّكَ، واستَشِرْ في دينِكَ الَّذينَ يَخشَونَ اللهَ ﷿ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ القِرمِيسينِيُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الكُهَيلِيُّ، أنبأنا الحَضرَمِيُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ ابنُ هارونَ أبو عُتبَةَ العُكلِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن حُبابٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: س، م.\n(^٢) في م: \"نعيم\".\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ١٠٢. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٢٦٦)، وأبو داود (٣٦٥٧) من طريق أبي عبد الرحمن المقرئ به. والطحاوى في شرح المشكل (٤٢٩٦) من طريق ابن وهب به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣١٠٥). وسيأتي في (٢٠٣٧٩).\n(^٤) ابن وهب في جامعه (٢٨٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٥٩٢٠، ٣٥٤٥٣) -ومن طريقه أبو نعيم في الحلية ١/ ٥٥ - من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"20","page":328},{"text":"عبد اللهِ بنِ سعيدٍ وكانَ اسمُه الصُّرمَ فسَمّاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- سعيدًا قال: حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي قال: كان عثمانُ إذا جَلَسَ على المَقاعِدِ جاءَه الخَصمانِ فقالَ لأحَدِهِما: اذهَبْ ادعُ عَليًّا. وقالَ لِلآخَرِ: اذهَبْ فادعُ طَلحَةَ والزُّبَيرَ ونَفَرًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. ثُمَّ يقولُ لَهُما: تكلَّما. ثُمَّ يُقبِلُ على القَومِ فيَقولُ: ما تَقولونَ؟ فإِن قالوا ما يوافِقُ رأيَه أمضاه، وإِلَّا نَظَرَ فيه بَعدُ، فيَقومانِ وقَد سَلَّما.\n\n٢٠٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ، أخبرَنِي ابنُ شُعَيبٍ، أخبرَنِي عُمَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ أنه حَدَّثَه قال: قرأ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ﴾ [الحج: ٧٨]، ثُمَّ قال: ادعوا لِي رَجُلًا مِن بَنى مُدلِجٍ فإِنَّهُم العَرَبُ. قال عُمَرُ: ما الحَرَجُ فيكُم؟ قال: الضّيقُ.\n\n٢٠٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ -﵄- سُئلَ عن الحَرَجِ فقالَ: هاهُنا أحَدٌ مِن هُذَيلٍ؟ فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا. فقالَ: ما تَعُدّونَ الحَرَجَ فيكُم؟ قال: الشَّئُ الضَّيِّقُ. قال: هو ذاكَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٠/ ٥٤٧ وعزاه لسعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر والمصنف.","vol":"20","page":329},{"text":"السَّمّاك، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِك، أن عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إلَى سَعدِ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، أن شاوِرْ طُلَيحَةَ وعَمرَو ابنَ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ في أمرِ حَربِكَ، ولا تُوَلِّهما مِنَ الأمرِ شَيئًا؛ فإِنَّ كُلَّ صانِعٍ هو أعلمُ بصِناعَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٥٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبد اللهِ يَعنِي أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، عن عاصِمٍ قال: كان زِرُّ بنُ حُبَيشٍ مِن أعرَبِ النّاسِ، كان عبدُ اللهِ يَعنى ابنَ مَسعود يَسألُه عن العَرَبيَّةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الفَسَوِيُّ بالبَصرَةِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا يوسُفُ الماجِشونُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينيُّ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ نَصرٍ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ المَدينيِّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن الماجِشونِ قال: قال لَنا ابنُ شِهابٍ أنا وابنُ أخِي وابنُ عَمٍّ لي ونَحنُ غِلمانٌ أحداثٌ نَسألُه عن الحديثِ: لا تُحَقِّرَوا أنفُسَكُم لحَداثَةِ أسنانِكُم؛ فإِنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٥/ ١٧١، ١٧٢ من طريق المصنف به، وعنده: الجنيد، بدلًا من: الحميدي.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٢٨ من طريق المصنف به. وابن سعد في الطبقات ٦/ ١٠٥ من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.","vol":"20","page":330},{"text":"إذا نَزَلَ به الأمرُ المُعْضِلُ دَعا الفِتيانَ فاستَشارَهُم، يَبتَغِي حِدَّةَ عُقولِهِم (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ عليٍّ.\n\n٢٠٣٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن حَفصٍ كوفِيٌّ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: إن كان عُمَرُ لَيَستَشيرُ في الأمرِ حَتَّى إن كان لَيَستَشيرُ المَرأةَ، فرُبَّما أبصَرَ في قَولِها أو الشَّئَ يَستَحسِنُه فيأخُذُ بهِ.\n\n٢٠٣٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو (^٢) عبد اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أنبأنا سعيدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الطّائيُّ، عن عليِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ قال: أتَيتُ عَليًّا فقُلتُ: إنِّي أثبَتُ (^٣) مِن عَمِّي وأجرأُ، فإِن رأيتَ أن تَجعَلَنِي مَكانَه. قال: يا ابنَ أخِي، إنَّ رأى الشيخِ خَيرٌ مِن مَشهَدِ الغُلامِ.\n\n٢٠٣٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاك، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، أن رَجُلًا أتَى عَليًّا بابنٍ له بَديلًا، فقالَ عليٌّ: رأيُ الشيخِ أحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِن مَشهَدِ الشّابِّ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٣/ ٣٦٤ من طريق أحمد بن الحسين به.\n(^٢) سقط من: م.\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف: \"أشبّ\".","vol":"20","page":331},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4237>بابُ ما يَقضِي به القاضِي ويُفتِي به المُفتِي، وأنه غَيرُ جائزٍ له أن يُقَلِّدَ أحَدًا مِن أهلِ دَهرِه، ولا أن يَحكُمَ أو يُفتِي بالاِستِحسانِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩].\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ﴿فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ﴾ يَعنِي واللهُ أعلمُ: هُم وأُمَراؤُهُمُ الَّذينَ أُمِروا بطاعَتِهِم، ﴿فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ يَعنى واللهُ أعلمُ: إلَى ما قال اللهُ والرَّسولُ (^١).\nوقالَ: ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى﴾ [القيامة: ٣٦] قال الشّافِعِيُّ: فلَم يَختَلِفْ أهلُ العِلمِ بالقُرآنِ فيما عَلِمتُ أن السُّدَى الَّذِي لا يُؤمَرُ ولا يُنهَى، ومَن أفتَى أو حَكَمَ بما لَم يُؤمَرْ به فقَد أجازَ لِنَفسِه أن يَكونَ في مَعانِي السُّدَى (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: رُوِّينا عن مُجاهِدٍ في تَفسيرِ الآيَتَينِ بنَحوِ ما قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرِ بنِ جَناحٍ القاضِي بالكوفَةِ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) أحكام القرآن ١/ ٢٩.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٢٩٨.\n(^٣) ينظر تفسير سعيد بن منصور (٦٥٦)، وتفسير ابن جرير ٧/ ١٨٥، ١٨٦، وتفسير ابن المنذر (١٩٣٦)، وتفسير ابن أبي حاتم ٣/ ٩١٠ (٥٥٤١، ٥٥٤٢). وينظر الدر المنثور ١٥/ ١٣٩.","vol":"20","page":332},{"text":"ابنُ إسحاقَ الزُّهرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ يَعنِي ابنَ عَونٍ ويَعلَى يَعنِي ابنَ عُبَيدٍ، عن أبي حَيّانَ التَّيمِيِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ حَيّانَ قال: سَمِعتُ زَيدَ بنَ أرقَمَ قال: قامَ فينا ذاتَ يَومٍ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطيبًا، فَحمِدَ اللهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ يوشِكُ أن يأتِيَ رسولُ رَبِّي فأُجيبَه، وإِنِّي تارِكٌ فيكُمُ الثَّقَلَينِ؛ أوَّلُهُما كِتابُ اللهِ، فيه الهُدَى والنّورُ، فاستَمسِكوا بكِتابِ اللهِ وخُذوا به\". فحَثَّ على كِتابِ اللهِ ورَغَّبَ فيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"وأهلُ بَيتى، أُذَكِّرُكم اللهَ في أهلِ بَيتِي\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبي حَيّانَ التَّيمِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانيُّ، حدثنا جَدِّي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن ثَورِ ابنِ زَيدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ النّاسَ في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ فقالَ: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّي قَد تَرَكتُ فيكُم ما إنِ اعتَصَمتُم به فلَن تَضِلّوا أبَدًا، كِتابَ اللهِ، وسُنَّةَ نَبيِّه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن الهَيثَمِ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا صالِحُ بن موسَى الطَّلحِيُّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّي قَد خَلَّفتُ فيكُم ما لَن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٨٩٦، ١٣٣٦٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٤٠٨/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) المصنف في الدلائل ٥/ ٤٤٩، والحاكم ١/ ٩٣.","vol":"20","page":333},{"text":"تَضِلّوا بَعدَهُما ما أخَذتُم بهِما، أو عَمِلتُم بهِما، كِتابَ اللهِ وسُنَّتِي، ولَن يَفْترِقا (^١) حَتّى يَرِدا عَليَّ الحَوضَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، حدثنا ثَورُ بن يَزيدَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عمرٍو السُّلَمِيِّ، عن العِرباضِ بنِ ساريَةَ قال: صَلَّى لَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الصُّبح، ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَينا، فوَعَظَنا مَوعِظَةً وجِلَت مِنها القُلوبُ، وذَرَفَت مِنها العُيونُ، فقُلنا: يا رسولَ اللهِ كأنَّها مَوعِظَةُ موَدِّعٍ فأوصِنا. قال: \"أوصيكُم بتَقوَى اللهِ، والسَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ وإِن تَأَمَّرَ (^٣) عَلَيكُم عبدٌ، وإِنَّه مَن يَعِشْ مِنكُم فسَيَرَى اختِلافًا كَثيرًا فعَلَيكُم بسُنَّتِي وسُنَّةِ الخُلَفاءِ الرَّاشِدينَ المَهديّينَ، عَضّوا عَلَيها بالنَّواجِذ، وإيّاكُم ومُحدَثاتِ الأُمورِ؛ فإِنَّ كُلَّ بدعَةٍ ضَلالَةٌ\" (^٤). لفظُ حَديثِ الدُّورِيِّ.\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"تفرقا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار (٨٩٩٣)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٥، والحاكم ١/ ٩٣. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤٠١٥: صالح واهٍ.\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف: \"أُمِّر\".\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٩٥ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧١٤٤) من طريق أبي عاصم به. وأبو داود (٤٦٠٧)، وابن ماجه (٤٤)، وابن حبان (٥) من طريق ثور بن يزيد به. والترمذي (٢٦٧٦) من طريق خالد بن معدان به. وقال: صحيح. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٨٥١).","vol":"20","page":334},{"text":"٢٠٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عَونٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الحارِثَ بنَ عمرٍو يُحَدِّثُ عن أصحابِ مُعاذٍ مِن أهلِ حِمصَ -قال: وقالَ مَرَّةً: عن مُعاذٍ- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما بَعَثَ مُعاذًا إلَى اليَمَنِ قال له: \"كَيفَ تَقضِي إذا عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضاءٌ؟ \". قال: أقضِى بكِتابِ اللهِ. قال: \"فإن لَم تَجِدْه في كتابِ اللهِ؟ \". قال: أقضِى بسُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: \"فإِن لَم تَجِدْ (^١) في سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ؟ \". قال: أجتَهِدُ رأيى لا آلُو. قال: فضَرَبَ بيَدِه في صَدرِي وقالَ: \"الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِي وفَّقَ رسولَ رسولِ اللهِ لِما يُرضِي رسولَ اللهِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِيُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن شُعبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عَونٍ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن ناسٍ مِن أصحابِ مُعاذٍ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما بَعَثَه إلَى اليَمَنِ. بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"تجِدْه\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٦٩)، والطيالسى (٥٦٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٠٧)، وأبو داود (٣٥٩٢)، والترمذي (١٣٢٧، ١٣٢٨) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذي: ليس إسناده عندى بمتصل. وقال ابن الملقن: هذا الحديث كثيرًا ما يتكرر في كتب الفقهاء والأصول والمحدثين، ويعتمدون عليه، وهو حديث ضعيف بإجماع أهل النقل فيما أعلم. البدر المنير ٩/ ٥٣٤.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٥٩٣). وأخرجه الدارمي (١٧٠) عن يحيى بن حماد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٧١).","vol":"20","page":335},{"text":"أبي شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا داودُ بن رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ قال: كان أبو بكرٍ إذا ورَدَ عَلَيه خَصمٌ نَظَرَ في كِتابِ اللهِ، فإِن وجَدَ فيه ما يَقضِي به قَضَى به بَينَهُم، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ في الكِتابِ نَظَرَ هَل كانَت مِنَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فيه سُنَّةٌ؟ فإِن عَلِمَها قَضَى بها، وإِن لَم يَعلَمْ خَرَجَ فسألَ المُسلِمينَ، فقالَ: أتانِي كَذا وكَذا، فنَظَرتُ في كِتابِ اللهِ وفِي سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فلَم أجِدْ في ذَلِكَ شَيئًا، فهَل تَعلَمونَ أن نَبِيَّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى في ذَلِكَ بقَضاءٍ؟ فرُبَّما قامَ إلَيه الرَّهطُ فقالوا: نَعَم، قَضَى فيه بكَذا وكَذا، فيأخُذُ بقَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال جَعفَرٌ: وحَدَّثَنِى غَيرُ مَيمونٍ أن أبا بكرٍ كان يقولُ عِندَ ذَلِكَ: الحَمدُ للهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فينا مَن يَحفَظُ عن نَبيِّنا -ﷺ-. وإِن أعياه ذَلِكَ دَعا رُءوسَ المُسلِمينَ وعُلَماءَهُم فاستَشارَهُم، فإِذا اجتَمَعَ رأيُهُم على الأمرِ قَضَى به. قال جَعفَرٌ: وحَدَّثَنِي مَيمونٌ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كان يَفعَلُ ذَلِكَ، فإِن أعياه أن يَجِدَ في القُرآنِ والسُّنَّةِ نَظَرَ هَل كان لأبِي بكرٍ فيه قَضاءٌ؟ فإِن وجَدَ أبا بكرٍ قَد قَضَى فيه بقَضاءٍ قَضَى به، وإِلا دَعا رُءوسَ المُسلِمينَ وعُلَماءَهُم فاستَشارَهُم، فإِذا اجتَمَعوا على الأمرِ قَضَى بَينَهُم (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن حَفصٍ كوفِيٌّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن مُسهِرٍ وابنُ فُضَيلٍ وأسباطٌ وغَيرُه، عن أبي إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٣) من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.","vol":"20","page":336},{"text":"الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ إلَيه: إذا جاءَكَ أمرٌ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ فاقضِ به، ولا يَلفِتَنَّكَ عنه الرِّجالُ، فإِن أتاكَ ما لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللهِ فانظُرْ سُنَّةَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فاقضِ بها، فإِن جاءَكَ ما لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ولَم يَكُنْ فيه سُنَّةٌ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فانظُرْ ما اجتَمَعَ عَلَيه النّاسُ فخُذْ به، فإِن جاءَكَ ما لَيسَ في كِتابِ الله ولَم يَكُنْ فيه سُنَّةٌ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَتَكَلَّمْ فيه أحَدٌ قَبلَكَ فاختَرْ أيَّ الأمرَينِ شِئتَ، إن شِئتَ أن تَجتَهِدَ رأْيَكَ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فتَقَدَّمْ، وإِن شِئتَ أن تأخَّرَ فتأخَّرْ، ولا أرَى التّأخُّرَ إلا خَيرًا لَكَ.\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ عن أبي إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيُّ بمَعناه (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، ورُبَّما قال: عن حُرَيثِ بنِ ظُهَيرٍ، قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسعودٍ: أيُّها النّاسُ، قَد أتَى عَلَينا زَمانٌ لَسنا نَقضِي ولَسنا هُنالِكَ، وإنَّ اللهَ ﷿ قَد بَلَّغَنا ما تَرَونَ، فمَن عَرَضَ له مِنكُم قَضاءٌ بعدَ اليَومِ فليَقضِ فيه بما في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿، فإِن أتاه أمرٌ لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ فليَقضِ فيه بما قَضَى به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فإِن أتاه أمرٌ لَيسَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿ ولَم يَقضِ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فليَقضِ بما قَضَى به الصّالِحونَ، فإِن أتاه أمرٌ لَيسَ في\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٨٠٩).","vol":"20","page":337},{"text":"كِتابِ اللهِ ولَم يَقضِ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولَم يَقضِ به الصّالِحونَ فليَجتَهِد رأيَه، ولا يَقولَنَّ أحَدُكُم: إنِّي أخافُ، وِإنِّي أرَى. فإِنَّ الحَلالَ بَيِّنٌ، والحَرامَ بَيِّنٌ، وبَينَ ذَلِكَ أُمورٌ (^١)؛ فدَعْ ما يَريبُكَ إلَى ما لا يَريبُكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٧٠ - ورَواه شُعبَةُ عن الأعمَشِ عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن حُرَيثِ بنِ ظُهَيرٍ عن عبدِ اللهِ بمَعناه. أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ ابنُ عبدِ اللهِ القُهُستانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أنبأنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن الفَضلِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بن الحارِثِ، أن بُكَيرَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ أخبَرَه عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ، عن مَسلَمَةَ بنِ مُخَلَّدٍ أنَّه قامَ على زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فقالَ: يا ابنَ عَمِّ أُكرِهنا على القَضاءِ، فقالَ زَيدٌ: اقضِ بكِتابِ اللهِ ﷿، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ ففِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ في سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فادعُ أهلَ الرّأى، ثُمَّ اجتَهِدْ واختَرْ لِنَفسِكَ، ولا حَرَجَ.\n_________\n(^١) بعده في نسخة المصنف: \"مشبهة\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (٨٩٢٠) عن أبي خليفة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٢٦)، والنسانى (٥٤١٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وليس عندهما: وربما قال: عن حريث بن ظهير.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٧)، والنسائي (٥٤١٣) من طريق الأعمش به.","vol":"20","page":338},{"text":"٢٠٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ -﵄- إذا سُئلَ عن شَئٍ هو في كِتابِ اللهِ قال به، وإِذا لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ وقالَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال به، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ في كِتابِ اللهِ ولَم يَقُلْه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقالَه أبو بكرٍ وعُمَرُ -﵄- قال به، وإِلا اجتَهَدَ رأيَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٧٣ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بن أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا فقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: الفَهمَ الفَهمَ فيما يَختَلِجُ في صَدرِكَ ممّا لَم يَبلُغْكَ في القُرآنِ والسُّنَّةِ، فتَعَرَّفِ الأمثالَ والأشباهَ، ثُمَّ قِسِ الأُمورَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ، واعمِدْ إلَى أحَبِّها إلَى اللهِ وأشبَهِها فيما تُرَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ الجَوهَرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن أبي الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: كَتَبَ كاتِبٌ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ: هذا ما أرَى اللهُ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ. فانتَهَرَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمي (١٦٨)، والحاكم ١/ ١٢٧ من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به، وعند الحاكم: عبيد الله بن أبي بريدة. بدلًا من: عبيد الله بن أبي يزيد. وصححه ووافقه الذهبي.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣/ ٧٢ من طريق المصنف به. والخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٥٣٥) من طريق ابن عيينة به.","vol":"20","page":339},{"text":"عُمَرُ وقالَ: لا، بَلِ اكتُبْ: هذا ما رأى عُمَرُ، فإِن كان صَوابًا فمِنَ اللهِ، وإِن كان خَطأً فمِن عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ القَنطَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ المِصّيصِيُّ، حدثنا الأوزاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدَةُ بن أبي لُبابَةَ أن (^٢) ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: ألا لا يُقَلَّدَنَّ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا دينَه، فإِن آمَنَ آمَنَ، وإِن كَفَرَ كَفَرَ، فإِن كان مُقَلِّدًا لا مَحالَةَ فيُقَلِّدُ المَيِّتَ ويَترُكُ الحَيَّ؛ فإِنَّ الحَيَّ لا تُؤمَنُ (^٣) عَلَيه الفِتنَةُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي قُماشٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن عبد السَّلامِ بنِ حَربٍ المُلائيِّ، عن غُطَيفٍ الجَزَرِيِّ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- وفِي عُنُقِي صَليبٌ مِن ذَهَبٍ قال: فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: ﴿اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٣١] قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّهُم لَم يَكونوا يَعبُدونَهُم. قال: \"أجَلْ، ولكِن يُحِلّونَ لهم ما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٣٥٨٣) من طريق أبي إسحاق الشيبانى به.\n(^٢) في حاشية نسخة المصنف: \"بينه وبين الصحابى سند\". وقد ضبب عليها الذهبي في المهذب\n٨/ ٤١٠٨ للانقطاع.\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف، س: \"يؤمن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حزم في الإحكام ١/ ٢٥٥ من طريق الأوزاعي به.","vol":"20","page":340},{"text":"حَرَّمَ اللهُ فيَستَحِلّونَه، ويُحَرِّمونَ عَلَيهِم ما أحَلَّ اللهُ فيُحَرِّمونَه، فتِلكَ عِبادَتُهُم لهم\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا طَلقُ بن غَنّامٍ، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن حَبيبٍ، عن أبي البَختَرِيِّ قال: سُئلَ حُذَيفَةُ عن هذه الآيَةِ ﴿اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾: أكانوا يُصَلُّونَ لهم؟ قال: لا، ولَكِنَّهُم كانوا يُحِلّونَ لَهُم ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيهِم فيَستَحِلّونَه، ويُحَرِّمونَ (^٢) ما أحَلَّ اللهُ لَهُم فيُحَرِّمونَه، فصاروا بذَلِكَ أربابًا (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ زائدَةَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4238>بابُ إثمِ مَن أفتَى أو قَضَى بالجَهلِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٧٨ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِيُّ بمَكَّةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٤٨٧ (١٠٠٥٧) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤١٧، والطبراني ١٧/ ٩٢ (٢١٨) من طريق عبد السلام بن حرب به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٠٨: غطيف ضعفه الدارقطني، وقيل: غضيف.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"عليهم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٧٥٤)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٦/ ١٧٨٤ (١٠٠٥٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٤١٨ من طريق حبيب بن أبي ثابت به.","vol":"20","page":341},{"text":"عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عمرٍو -﵄- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللهَ لا يَنزِعُ العِلمَ انتِزاعًا يَنتَزِعُه مِنَ النّاسِ، ولَكِن يَقبِضُ العُلَماءَ، حَتَّى إذا لَم يَترُكْ عالمًا اتَّخَذَ النّاسُ رُءوسًا جُهّالًا، فأفتَوا بغَيرِ عِلمٍ فضَلُّوا وأضَلُّوا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي العباسِ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ عن أبي أُسامَةَ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ السَّهمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، عن بكرِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي نُعَيمَةَ رَضيعِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ وكانَ امرَأَ صِدقٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن قال عليَّ ما لَم أقُلْ فليَتَبوّأْ بَيتًا في جَهَنَّمَ، ومَن أفتَى بغَيرِ عِلمٍ كان إثمُه على مَن أفتاه، ومَن أشارَ على أخيه بأمْرٍ يَعلَمُ أن الرُّشدَ في غَيرِه فقَد خانَه\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ عُمَرُ بنُ أحمدَ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ قالا: أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الدلائل ٦/ ٥٤٣، والشعب (١٥٤١). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥١١)، والنسائي (٥٩٠٧)، والترمذي (٢٦٥٢)، وابن ماجه (٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٥٧١) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦٧٣/ عقب ١٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (١٠٠)، ومسلم (٢٦٧٣/ ١٣).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ١٠٣. وتقدم في (٢٠٣٥٠).","vol":"20","page":342},{"text":"ابنِ محمدِ بنِ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بن خَليفَةَ، حدثنا أبو هاشِمٍ قال: لَولا حَديثٌ حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ بُرَيدَةَ\" عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"القُضاةُ ثَلاثَةٌ: اثنانِ في النّارِ وواحِدٌ في الجَنّةِ؛ رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الحَقَّ فقَضَى به فهو في الجَنَّةِ، ورَجُلٌ قَضَى بَينَ النّاسِ بالجَهلِ فهو في النّارِ، ورَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الحَقَّ فجارَ فهو في النّارِ\". لَقُلنا: إنَّ القاضِي إذا اجتَهَدَ فلَيسَ عَلَيه شَيءٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: اجتِهادُه بغَيرِ عِلمٍ لا يَهديه إلى الحَقِّ إلا اتِّفاقًا، فلَم يَكُنْ مأْذونًا فيهِ.\n\n٢٠٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن بشرٍ البَجَلِيُّ، حدثنا شَريكُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ عُبَيدَةَ، عن ابنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"القُضاةُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ قاضيانِ في النّارِ وقاضٍ في الجَنَّةِ؛ قاضٍ قَضَى بغَيرِ الحَقِّ وهو يَعلَمُ فذاكَ في النّارِ، وقاضٍ قَضَى وهو لا يَعلَمُ فأهلَكَ حُقوقَ النّاسِ فذاكَ في النّارِ، وقاضٍ قَضَى بالحَقِّ فذاكَ في الجَنَّةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٧٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٢٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٥) من طريق خلف بن خليفة به. وقال أبو داود: هذا أصح شيء فيه. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٥١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩١). وأخرجه الترمذي (١٣٢٢ م)، والطبراني (١١٥٦) من طريق\nالحسن بن بشر به. والحاكم ٤/ ٩٠ من طريق شريك به.","vol":"20","page":343},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بن إسماعيلَ، عن شَريكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٨٣ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنُ المُنادِي، حدثنا وهبُ ابنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي العاليَةِ، عن عليٍّ قال: القُضاةُ ثَلاثَةٌ؛ فاثنانِ في النّارِ وواحِدٌ في الجَنَّةِ، فأمّا اللَّذانِ في النّارِ فرَجُلٌ جارَ عن الحَقِّ مُتَعَمِّدًا، ورَجُلٌ اجتَهَدَ رأْيَه فأخْطَأ، وأمّا الَّذِي في الجَنَّةِ فرَجُلٌ اجتَهَدَ رأيَه في الحَقِّ فأصابَ. قال: فقُلتُ لأبِي العاليَةِ: ما بالُ هذا الَّذِي اجتَهَدَ رأيَه في الحَقِّ فأَخْطأ؟ قال: لَو شاءَ لَم يَجلِسْ يَقضِى وهو لا يُحسِنُ يَقضِى (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: تَفسيرُ أبي العاليَةِ على مَن لَم يُحسِنْ يَقضى دَليلٌ على أن الخَبَرَ ورَدَ فيمَنِ اجتَهَدَ رأيَه وهو مِن غَيرِ أهلِ الاجتِهادِ، فإِن كان مِن أهلِ الاجتِهادِ فَأخْطَأَ فيما يَسوغُ فيه الاجتِهادُ رُفِعَ عنه خَطَؤُه إن شاءَ اللهُ، بحُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ وأبِي هريرةَ -﵄-، وذَلِكَ يَرِدُ وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٨٦٤، ٨٦٥. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٥٤) من طريق حاتم بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري مختصرًا في التاريخ الأوسط (٤٧)، والبغوى في شرح السنة (٢٤٩٧) من طريق\nشعبة به.\n(^٣) سيأتي حديث عمرو بن العاص في (٢٠٣٩٢)، وحديث أبي هريرة في (٢٠٣٩٤).","vol":"20","page":344},{"text":"ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني يونُسُ بن يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال وهو على المِنبَرِ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنَّ الرّأْىَ إنَّما كان مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- مُصيبًا لأنَّ اللهَ ﷿ كان يُريهِ، إنَّما هو مِنّا الظَّنُّ والتَّكَلُّفُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِنَّما أرادَ به واللهُ أعلمُ الرّأىَ الَّذِي لا يَكونُ مُشَبَّهًا بأصلٍ، وفِي مَعناه ورَدَ ما رُوِيَ عنه وعن غَيرِه في ذَمِّ الرَّأى، فقَد رُوِّينا عن أكثَرِهِمُ اجتِهادَ الرّأيِ في غَيرِ مَوضِعِ النَّصِّ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٣٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بن الوَليدِ، أنبأنا عُقبَةُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِي إسماعيلُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ابنِ غَنمٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: ويلٌ لِدَيّانِ مَنْ في الأرْضِ مِن دَيّانِ مَنْ في السَّماءِ يَومَ يَلقَونَه، إلا مَن أَمَّ العَدلَ وقَضَى بالحَقِّ، ولَم يَقضِ على هَوًى، ولا على قَرابَةٍ، ولا على رَغَبٍ ولا على رَهَبٍ، وجَعَلَ كِتابَ اللهِ مَرآةً بَين عينيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٨٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عليٍّ الخُسرَوْجِردِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٨٦)، وابن عبد البر في جامع بيان العلم وفضله (٢٠٠٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٩٧)، وأحمد في الزهد ص ١٢٥، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق\n٥٥/ ٢٤٣، ٥٦/ ١٣١ من طريق سعيد بن عبد العزيز به.","vol":"20","page":345},{"text":"﵀، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الغِطريفِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو خَليفَةَ، أنبأنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، عن شُعبَةَ، حدثنا أبو حَصينٍ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، أن عَليًّا أتَى على قاضٍ فقالَ له: هَل تَعلَمُ النّاسِخَ مِنَ المَنسوخِ؟ قال: لا. قال: هَلَكتَ وأهلَكتَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ أنَّه قال: لا يَنبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ أن يَكونَ قاضيًا حَتَّى يَكونَ فيه خَمسُ خِصالٍ، فإِن أخطأته واحِدةٌ كانَت فيه وصمَةٌ، وإِن أخطأْته اثنَتانِ كانَت فيه وصمَتانِ؛ حَتَّى يَكونَ عالمًا بما كان قَبلَه، مُستَشيرًا لِذِي الرّأىِ، ذا نَزاهَةٍ عن الطَّمَعِ، حَليمًا عن الخَصمِ، مُحتَمِلًا لِلَّائمَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4239>بابٌ: لا يوَلِّي الوالِي امرأةً ولا فاسِقًا ولا جاهِلًا أمرَ القَضاءِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ وهِشامُ بن عليٍّ فرَّقَهُما قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بن الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عَوفٌ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن أبي بكرَةَ قال: قَد نَفَعَنِي اللهُ بكِلمَةٍ سَمِعتُها مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بعدَما كِدتُ أن ألحَقَ بأصحابِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الزهري في الناسخ والمنسوخ ص ١٣، وأبو خيثمة في العلم (١٣٠) من طريق أبي حصين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٨٧) عن سفيان بن عيينة به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٧٩، ٢/ ٤٢٣ من طريق الوليد بن سريع عن عمر بن عبد العزيز به.","vol":"20","page":346},{"text":"الجَمَلِ فأُقاتِلَ مَعَهُم، بَلَغَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن أهلَ فارِسَ مَلَّكوا عَلَيهِمُ ابنَةَ كِسرَى، فقالَ: \"لَن يُفلِحَ قَومٌ ولَّوا أمرَهُمُ امرأةً\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الحَربِيِّ. وفِي رِوايَةِ هِشامٍ: \"مَلَّكوا أمرَهُمُ امرأةً\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"، عن عثمانَ بنِ الهَيثَمِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَزّازُ، حدثنا سُرَيجُ (^٣) بن النُّعمانِ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ عليٍّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: بَينَما النَبِيُّ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ في مَجلِسِه يُحَدِّثُ القَومَ حَديثًا جاءَه أعرابِيٌّ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ مَتَى السّاعَةُ؟ ومَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ، فقالَ بَعضُ القَومِ: سَمِعَ ما قال، فكَرِهَ ما قال. وقالَ بَعضٌ: لَم يَسمَعْ. حَتَّى إذا قَضَى حَديثَه قال: \"أينَ السّائلُ عن السّاعَةِ؟ \". قال: هذا أنا يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"إذا ضُيِّعَتِ الأمانَةُ فانتَظِرِ السّاعَةَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، ما إضاعَتُها؟ قال: \"إذا أُسنِدَ الأمرُ إلَى غَيرِ أهلِه فانتظِرِ السّاعَةَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ ابنِ سِنانٍ عن فُلَيحٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٥١٩٤).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٤٢٥، ٧٠٩٩).\n(^٣) في نسخة المصنف، س: \"شريح\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٨٧٢٩) من طريق سريج بن النعمان به. وابن حبان (١٠٤) من طريق فليح بن سليمان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٩، ٦٤٩٦).","vol":"20","page":347},{"text":"٢٠٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن عثمانَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن أبي حَبيبٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ استَعمَلَ عامِلًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ وهو يَعلَمُ أن فيهِم أولَى بذَلِكَ مِنه وأعلَمَ بكِتابِ اللهِ وسُنَّةِ نَبيِّه، فقَد خانَ اللهَ ورسولَه وجَميعَ المُسلِمينَ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4240>بابُ اجتِهادِ الحاكِمِ فيما يَسوغُ فيه الاجتِهادُ وهو مِن أهلِ الاجتِهادِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ (٧٨) فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا﴾ [الأنبياء: ٧٨، ٧٩].\n\n٢٠٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن عيسَى، حدثنا [أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا] (^٢) بن داودَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن محمدٍ المُحارِبِيُّ، عن أشعَثَ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن مُرَّةَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ في قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ﴾ قال: كَرْمٌ قَد [انْثَنَتْ عناقِدُه] (^٣) فأفسَدَته. قال: فقَضى داودُ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٧٦٣، والحاكم ٤/ ٩٢ من طريق عكرمة به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١١١: فيه ابن لهيعة.\n(^٢) في نسخة المصنف، س: \"أبو زكريا بن داود\"، وفي م: \"أبو يحيى بن زكريا\".\n(^٣) في م: \"أنبتت عناقيده\".","vol":"20","page":348},{"text":"السَّلامُ بالغَنَمِ لِصاحِبِ الكَرْمِ. فقالَ سُلَيمانُ: غَيرَ هذا يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ. قال: وما ذاكَ؟ قال: تَدفَعُ الكَرْمَ إلَى صاحِبِ الغَنَمِ فيَقومُ عَلَيه حَتَّى يَعودَ كما كان، وتَدفَعُ الغَنَمَ إلَى صاحِبِ الكَرْمِ فيُصيبُ مِنها، حَتَّى إذا كان الكَرْمُ كما كان دَفَعتَ الكَرْمَ إلَى صاحِبِه، ودَفَعتَ الغَنَمَ إلَى صاحِبِها. قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا﴾ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن مَسروقٍ ومُجاهِدٍ مَعنَى هذا (^٢).\nوقَد رَدَّ اللهُ تَعالَى الحُكمَ في هذه الحادِثَةِ وأشباهِها إلَى ما حَكَمَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في ناقَةِ البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، حينَ دَخَلَت حائطًا لِقَومٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ فأفسَدَت، فقَضَى أن حِفظَ الأموالِ على أهلِها بالنَّهارِ، وعَلَى أهلِ المَواشِي ما أفسَدَتِ المَواشِي باللَّيلِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: قال الحَسَنُ بن أبي الحَسَنِ: لَولا هذه الآيَةُ لَرأيتُ أن الحُكّامَ قَد هَلَكوا، ولَكِنَّ اللهَ حَمِدَ هذا بصَوابِه، وأثنَى على هذا باجتِهادِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٣٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ ابنِ هانِئٍ وأبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٨٨. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٢/ ٢٣٤ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٣٢١، ٣٢٢ من طريق المحاربى به.\n(^٢) أثر مسروق أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٣٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٨٤٣٦)، وأثر مجاهد أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٣٢٣، ٣٢٤.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٧٣٧ - ١٧٧٤٢).\n(^٤) أحكام القرآن ٢/ ١٢٢.","vol":"20","page":349},{"text":"أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنُ أنَسٍ، القُرَشِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزيدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أُسامَةَ بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي قَيسٍ مَولَى عمرِو ابنِ العاصِ، عن عمرِو بنِ العاصِ أنه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا حَكَمَ الحاكِمُ فاجتَهَدَ فأصابَ فلَه أجرانِ، وإِذا حَكَمَ الحاكِمُ فاجتَهَدَ فأخطأ فلَه أجرٌ\". قال: يَعنِي ابنَ الهادِ: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فقالَ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي هريرةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنَ الهادِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه. قال: فحَدَّثتُ بهَذا الحديثِ أبا بكرِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ فقالَ: هَكَذا حَدَّثَنِي أبو سلمةَ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن مَروانَ بنِ محمدٍ عن اللَّيث، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٧٢). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٥٩١٩) من طريق عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ به. وأحمد (١٧٧٧٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٧٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٤)، وابن حبان (٥٠٦١) من طريق يزيد بن عبد الله بن الهاد به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٣٥٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الإمامة والرد على الرافضة (١٨٩) من طريق أحمد بن إبراهيم بن ملحان به.\nوابن زنجويه في الأموال (١٢)، والطبراني في الأوسط (٣١٩٠) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.","vol":"20","page":350},{"text":"الدَّراوَردِيِّ عن ابنِ الهادِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الثَّورِيِّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا حَكَمَ الحاكِمُ فاجتَهَدَ فأصابَ فلَه أجرانِ، وإِذا حَكَمَ فاجتَهَدَ فأخطأَ فلَه أجرٌ\" (^٢). لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا مَعمَرٌ، تَفَرَّدَ به عنه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ.\n\n٢٠٣٩٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ دِلُّويَه الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّليطيُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن رَبيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي رَبيعَةُ بن يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ واثِلَةَ بنَ الأسقَعِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن طَلَبَ عِلمًا فأدرَكَه كان له كِفلانِ مِنَ الأجر، فإِن لَم يُدْرِكْه كان له كِفلٌ مِنَ الأجرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن هاشِمٍ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ ابنِ أسماءَ، حدثنا عَمِّي جوَيريَةُ بن أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: نادَى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٧١٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٢٦)، والنسائي (٥٣٩٦)، وابن حبان (٥٠٦٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمي (٣٤٧) عن مروان بن محمد به. والطبراني ٢٢/ ٦٨ (١٦٥) من طريق ربيعة بن يزيد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١١٢: يزيد هالك.","vol":"20","page":351},{"text":"فينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ انصَرَفَ مِن الأحزابِ: \"ألا لا يُصَلّيَنَّ أحَدٌ الظُّهرَ إلا في بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ\". قال: فتَخَوَّفَ ناسٌ فوتَ الوَقتِ، فصَلَّوا دونَ بَنِي قُرَيظَةَ، وقالَ آخَرونَ: لا نُصَلِّي إلا حَيثُ أمَرَنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وإِن فاتَنا الوَقتُ. قال: فما عَنَّفَ واحِدًا مِنَ الفَريقَينِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أسماءَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4241>بابٌ: مَنِ اجتَهَدَ ثُمَّ رأى أن اجتِهادَه خالَفَ نَصًّا أو إجماعًا أو ما في مَعناه رَدَّه على نَفسِه وعَلَى غَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بن الصَّبّاحِ يَعنِي الدُّولابِيَّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أحدَثَ في أمرِنا ما لَيسَ مِنه فهو رَدٌّ\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ عن (^٤) إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى في معجمه (٢٠٩) -ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٧١٩) - وأبو عوانة (٦٧٢٢) من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن أسماء به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٩٤٦، ٤١١٩)، ومسلم (١٧٧٠/ ٦٩) وعند البخاري: \"العصر\" بدلًا من: \"الظهر\".\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٤٥٩٤). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٧) من طريق محمد بن الصباح به. وأحمد (٢٦٠٣٣)، وابن ماجه (١٤) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٥٦٦، ٢١٢٣٨).\n(^٤) في م: \"بن\".\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٩٧)، ومسلم (١٧١٨/ ١٧، ١٨).","vol":"20","page":352},{"text":"٢٠٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بنُ أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا فقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى -﵄-: أمّا بَعدُ لا يَمنَعْكَ قَضاءٌ قَضَيتَه بالأمسِ راجَعتَ الحَقَّ؛ فإِنَّ الحَقَّ قَديمٌ لا يُبطِلُ الحَقَّ شَيءٌ، ومُراجَعَةُ الحَقِّ خَيرٌ مِنَ التَّمادِي في الباطِلِ (^١).\nورَواه أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ وغَيرُه عن سُفيانَ، وقالوا في الحديثِ: لا يَمْنَعَنَّك (^٢) قَضاءٌ قَضَيتَه بالأمسِ راجَعَتَ فيه نَفسَكَ، وهُديتَ فيه لِرُشدِكَ، أن تُراجِعَ الحَقَّ؛ فإِنَّ الحَقَّ قَديمٌ، وإِنَّ الحَقَّ لا يُبطِلُه شَيءٌ، ومُراجَعَةُ الحَقِّ خَيرٌ مِنَ التَّمادِي في الباطِلِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَعقِلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرمَلَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ ورَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا: كان عُمَرُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ يقولُ: ما مِن طينَةٍ أهوَنُ عليَّ فكًّا، وما مِن كِتابٍ أيسَرُ عليَّ رَدًّا، مِن كِتابٍ قَضَيتُ به ثُمَّ أبصَرتُ أن الحَقَّ في غَيرِه، ففَسَختُه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٣٠٩، ٢٠٣٧٣).\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يمنعك\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧ من طريق أحمد بن حنبل به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٥/ ١٩٤ من طريق المصنف به. وذكره ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٥/ ٣١١ عن مالك به.","vol":"20","page":353},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4242>بابُ مَنِ اجتَهَدَ مِنَ الحُكّامِ ثُمَّ تَغَيَّرَ اجتِهادُه أوِ اجتِهادُ غَيِره فيما يَسوغُ فيه الاجتِهادُ، لَم يُرَدَّ ما قَضَى به</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضى في خَطإِ القِبلَةِ في كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٠٠ - وبِما أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نَصرٍ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ قال: سَمِعتُ سِماكَ بنَ الفَضلِ الخَولانِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مَسعودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ أشرَكَ الإخوَةَ مِنَ الأبِ والأُمِّ مَعَ الإخوَةِ مِنَ الأُمِّ في الثُّلُثِ، فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: لَقَد قَضَيتَ عامَ أوَّلٍ بغَيرِ هَذا. قال: كَيفَ قَضَيتُ؟ قال: جَعَلتَه لِلإخوَةِ مِنَ (^٢) الأُمّ، ولَم تَجعَل لِلإخوَةِ مِنَ [الأبِ والأُمِّ] (^٣) شَيئًا. قالَ: تِلكَ على ما قَضَينا، وهَذِه على ما قَضَينا (^٤).\n\n٢٠٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعدِ قال: لَو كان عليٌّ طاعِنًا على عُمَرَ -﵄- يَومًا مِنَ الدَّهرِ لَطَعَنَ عَلَيه يَومَ أتاه أهلُ نَجرانَ، وكانَ عليٌّ كَتَبَ الكِتابَ بَينَ أهلِ نَجرانَ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم في (٢٢٧٤ - ٢٢٧٦).\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"الأب و\".\n(^٣) في س: \"الأب\"، وفي م: \"الأم\".\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٢٦٠٠، ١٢٦٠١).","vol":"20","page":354},{"text":"وبَينَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فكَثُروا في عَهدِ عُمَرَ حَتَّى خافَهُم على النّاسِ، فوَقَعَ بَينَهُم الاختِلافُ فأتَوا عُمَرَ فسألوه البَدَلَ فأبدَلَهُم. قال: ثُمَّ نَدِموا أو وُضِعَ بَينَهُم شَيءٌ فأتَوه فاستَقالوه، فأبَى أن يُقيلَهُم، فلَمّا ولِي عليٌّ أتَوه فقالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ شَفاعَتُكَ بلِسانِكَ، وخَطُّكَ بيَمينِكَ. فقالَ عليٌّ: ويحَكُم! إنَّ عُمَرَ كان رَشيدَ الأمرِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بن سَلَّامٍ نَيسابورِيٌّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عَطاءُ بن مُسلِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ صالِحًا المُرادِيَّ يقولُ: قال عبدُ خَيرٍ: كُنتُ قَريبًا مِن عليٍّ حينَ جاءَه أهلُ نَجرانَ، قال: قُلتُ: إن كان رادًّا على عُمَرَ شَيئًا فاليَومَ. قال: فسَلَّموا واصطَفّوا بَينَ يَدَيه. قال: ثُمَّ أدخَلَ بَعضُهُم يَدَه في كُمِّه فأخرَجَ كِتابًا فوُضِعَ في يَدِ عليٍّ، قالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، خَطُّكَ بيَمينِك، وإِملاءُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عَلَيكَ. قال: فرأيتُ عَليًّا وقَد جَرَتِ الدُّموعُ على خَدِّه. قال: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رأسَه إلَيهِم، فقالَ: يا أهلَ نَجرانَ، إنَّ هذا لآخِرُ كِتابٍ كَتَبتُه بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قالوا: فأعطِنا ما فيه. قال: سأُخبِرُكُم عن ذاكَ، إنَّ الَّذِي أخَذَ مِنكُم عُمَرُ لَم يأخُذْه لِنَفسِه، إنَّما أخَذَه لجَماعَةِ (^٢) المُسلِمينَ، وكانَ الَّذِي أخَذَ مِنكُم خَيرًا ممّا أعطاكُم، واللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٢٧٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٥٤٠، ٣٨٠١٤)، وابن زنجويه في الأموال (٤١٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١١٣: منقطع.\n(^٢) بعده في م: \"من\".","vol":"20","page":355},{"text":"لا أرُدُّ شَيئًا (^١) صَنَعَه عُمَرُ؛ إنَّ عُمَرَ كان رَشيدَ الأمرِ.\n\n٢٠٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ الأعرابِيِّ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ ابنُ عَطاءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبي حَسّانَ، أن العباسَ بنَ خَرَشَةَ الكِلابِيَّ قال له بَنو عَمِّه أو (^٢) بَنو عَمِّ امرأتِه: إنَّ امرأتَكَ لا تُحِبُّكَ، فإِن أحبَبتَ أن تَعلَمَ ذَلِكَ فخَيِّرْها. فقالَ: يا بَرزَةَ بنتَ الحُرِّ اختارِي. فقالَت (^٣): اختَرتُ، ولَستَ بخيارٍ. قالَت ذَلِكَ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، فقالوا: حَرُمَت عَلَيكَ. فقالَ: كَذَبتُم، فأتَى عَليًّا فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: لَئن قَرِبتَها حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوجًا غَيرَكَ لأُغَيِّبنَّكَ بالحِجارَةِ. أو قال: أرضَخُكَ بالحِجارَةِ. قال: فلَمّا استُخلِفَ مُعاويَةُ أتاه فقالَ: إنَّ أبا تُرابٍ فرَّقَ بَينى وبَينَ امرأتِي بكَذا وكَذا. قال: قَد أجَزنا قَضاءَه عَلَيكَ. أو قال: ما كُنّا لِنَرُدَّ قَضاءً قَضاه عَلَيكَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ البَزّازُ (^٥)، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن عيسَى بنِ الحارِثِ قال: كانَت أُمُّ ولَدٍ لأخِي شُرَيحِ بنِ الحارِثِ ولَدَت له جاريَةً، فزُوِّجَت، فوَلَدَت غُلامًا، ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"مما\".\n(^٢) في م: \"و\".\n(^٣) بعده في س، م: \"ويحك\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٢٨٤ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٥) في الأصل: \"البزار\".","vol":"20","page":356},{"text":"توُفّيَت أُمُّ الوَلَدِ. قال: فاختَصَمَ في ميراثِها شُرَيحُ بن الحارِثِ وابنُ بنتِها إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فجَعَلَ شُرَيحُ بنُ الحارِثِ يقولُ لِشُرَيحٍ: إنَّه لَيسَ له ميراثٌ في كِتابِ الله، إنَّما هو ابنُ ابنتِها. فقَضى شُرَيحٌ بميراثِها لابنِ ابنتِها، وقالَ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأنقال: ٧٥]. فرَكِبَ مَيسَرَةُ بن يَزيدَ إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فأخبَرَه بالَّذِي كان مِن شُرَيحٍ، فكَتَبَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ إلَى شُرَيِحٍ: إنَّ مَيسَرَةَ بنَ يَزيدَ ذَكَرَ لِي كَذا وكَذا، وإِنَّكَ قُلتَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ﴾ وإنَّما كانَت تِلكَ الآيَةُ في شأنِ العُصبَة، كان الرَّجُلُ يُعاقِدُ الرَّجُلَ فيَقولُ: تَرِثُنى وأرِثُكَ. فلَمّا نَزَلَت تُرِكَ ذاك. قال: فجاءَ مَيسَرَةُ بن يَزيدَ بالكِتابِ إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فلَمّا قَرأه أبَى أن يَرُدَّ قَضاءَه، وقالَ: إنَّما أعتَقَها حيتانُ بَطنِها (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أحمدُ بن سَهلٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَعقِلٍ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مالكٌ أن أبانَ بنَ عثمانَ حينَ ولِيَ المَدينَةَ في خِلافَةِ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ فأرادَ نَقْضَ (^٢) ما كان عبدُ اللهِ بن الزُّبَيرِ قَضَى فيه، فكَتَبَ أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ في ذَلِكَ إلَى عبدِ المَلِكِ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عبدُ المَلِكِ: إنّا لَم نَنقَمْ على ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ ما كان يَقضِي به، ولَكِن نَقَمنا عَلَيه ما كان أرادَ مِنَ الإمارَةِ؛ فإِذا جاءَكَ كِتابِي هذا\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ١١٩. وفيه: خبيات بطنها. مكان: حيتان بطنها. وأخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٣٩٨، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١١/ ٣٠٢ من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"أن ينقض\".","vol":"20","page":357},{"text":"فأمضِ ما كان قَضَى به ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ ولا تَرُدَّه؛ فإِنَّ نَقضَنا القَضاءَ عَناءٌ مُعَنٍّ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4243>بابُ وعظِ القاضِي الشُّهودَ وتَخويفِهِم وتَعريفِهِم عِندَ الرّيبَةِ بما في شَهادَةِ الزّورِ مِن كَبيِر الإثمِ وعَظيمِ الوِزرِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا الجُرَيرِيُّ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عليٍّ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ الصوفيُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ إبراهيمَ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن الجُرَيرِيِّ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بن المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا الجُرَيرِيُّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بأكبَرِ الكَبائرِ؟ \" ثَلاثًا. قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللهِ. قال: \"الإشراكُ باللهِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ -قال: وجَلَسَ وكانَ مُتَّكِئًا- ألا وقَولُ الزّورِ\". فما زالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُكَرِّرُها حَتَّى قُلنا: لَيتَه سَكَتَ (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثِ بشرٍ، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ألا أُنَبِّئُكُم\". وقالَ: \"وشَهادَةُ الزّورِ\". ثَلاثًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ٢٤٣ من طريق المصنف.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٤٨٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٨٥) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به. والترمذي\n(١٩٠١، ٢٣٠١، ٣٠١٩) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به.","vol":"20","page":358},{"text":"رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن الجُرَيرِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِيُّ (^٣)، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن إبراهيمَ الجُدِّيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرِ بنِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٤)، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ذُكِرَ عِندَه الكبائرُ فقالَ: \"الشِّركُ بالله، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ، وشَهادَةُ الزّورِ. أو: قَولُ الزّورِ\" (^٥).\n\n٢٠٤٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ الفَضلِ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا عمرُو بن مَرزوقٍ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه، إلا أنَّه قال: \"أكبَرُ الكَبائرِ الإشراكُ باللهِ\". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مُنيرٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ الجُدِّيِّ قال: وقالَ عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ. وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٥٤، ٦٢٧٤، ٦٩١٩).\n(^٢) البخاري عقب (٢٦٥٤)، ومسلم (٨٧/ ١٤٣).\n(^٣) في س: \"الدراوردى\".\n(^٤) ليس في نسخة المصنف: \"بن مالك\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٣٣٦)، والترمذي (١٢٠٧)، والنسائي (٤٠٢١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٦) البخاري (٢٦٥٣، ٦٨٧١)، ومسلم (٨٨).","vol":"20","page":359},{"text":"٢٠٤٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبي غَرَزَةَ، أنبأنا محمدٌ ويَعلَى ابنا عُبَيدٍ جَميعًا، عن سُفيانَ بنِ محمدٍ العُصفُرِيِّ، عن أبيه، عن حَبيبِ بنِ النُّعمانِ الأسَدِيِّ، عن خُرَيمِ بنِ فاتِكٍ الأسَدِيِّ قال: صَلَّى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- صَلاةَ الصُّبحِ، فلَمّا انصَرَفَ قامَ قائمًا، فقالَ: \"عُدِلَت شَهادَةُ الزّورِ بالشِّركِ باللهِ\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ تَلا هذه الآيَةَ ﴿فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ﴾ (^١) [الحج: ٣٠].\n\n٢٠٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الفُراتِ التَّميمِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ مُحارِبَ بنَ دِثارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵄- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"شاهِدُ الزّورِ لا تَزولُ قَدَماه حتَّى توجَبَ له النّارُ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الطَّيرُ يَومَ القيامَةِ تَرفَعُ مَناقيرَها، وتَضرِبُ بأذنابِها، وتَطرَحُ ما في بُطونِها، ولَيسَ عِندَها طَلِبَةٌ فاتَّقِه\" (^٢). محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٤٥٢٠)، والآداب ص ٢٣٨، ٢٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٩٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥٩٩)، والترمذي (٢٣٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٧٢) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به، وقال الترمذي: هذا عندى أصح. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١١٦: خالفهما مروان بن معاوية عن سفيان فجعله من مسند أيمن بن خريم. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٧٣).\n(^٢) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٤٩. وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٩٨ من طريق عاصم بن علي به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٧٣)، وأبو يعلى (٥٦٧٢) من طريق محمد بن الفرات به. وليس عند ابن ماجه: \"الطير يوم القيامة. . .\". وقال الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥١٩):. موضوع.","vol":"20","page":360},{"text":"ابنُ الفُراتِ الكوفِيُّ ضَعيفٌ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤١١ - أنبأنِي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن أبيه، عن مُحرِزِ بنِ صالِحٍ، أن عَليًّا فرَّقَ بَينَ الشُّهودِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4244>بابُ مَسألَةِ القاضِي عن أحوالِ الشُّهودِ</span>\nففِي النّاسِ بَرٌّ وفاجِرٌ، وأمينٌ وخائنٌ، وقَد قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\n\n٢٠٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الحَفَرِيُّ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: حدثنا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بحَديثَينِ قَد رأيتُ أحَدَهُما وأنا أنتَظِرُ الآخَرَ؛ حدثنا أن الأمانَةَ نَزَلَت في جَذْرِ قُلوبِ الرِّجالِ، فنَزَلَ القُرآنُ، فعَلِموا مِنَ القُرآنِ وعَلِموا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ، ثُمَّ حدثنا عن رَفعِها فقالَ: \"يَنامُ الرَّجُلُ نَومَةً فتُقبَضُ الأمانَةُ مِن قَلبِه، فيَبقَى أثَرُها مِثلَ أثَرِ\n_________\n(^١) هو محمد بن الفرات التميمي، أبو علي الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: الضعفاء الصغير للبخاري ص ١١٠، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٥٩، والمجروحين ٢/ ٢٨١، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٣/ ٩١.\n(^٢) ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٧٢٧، ٣٦٨٩١).","vol":"20","page":361},{"text":"الوَكْتِ (^١)، ثُمَّ يَنامُ الرَّجُلُ نَومَةً فتُقبَضُ الأمانَةُ مِن قَلبِه، فيَبقَى أثَرُها مِثلَ أثَرِ المَجْلِ (^٢)، كَجَمرٍ دَحرَجتَه على رِجلِكَ فنَفِطَ (^٣) فترَاه مُنتَبِرًا (^٤) ولَيسَ فيه شَيءٌ، فيُصبِحُ النّاسُ يَتَبايَعونَ ولا يَكادُ أحَدٌ يُؤَدِّي الأمانةَ (^٥) حَتَّى يُقالَ: إنَّ في بَنِي فُلانٍ لرجُلًا أمينًا، وحَتَّى يُقالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: ما أجلَدَه وأظرَفَه وأعقَلَه! ولَيسَ في قَلبِه مِثقالُ حَبَّةِ خَردَلٍ مِن خَيرٍ\". قال حُذَيفَةُ: ولَقَد أتَى عليَّ زَمانٌ وما أُبالِي أيَّكُم بايَعتُه، لَئن كان مُؤمِنًا لَيَرُدَّنَّ عليَّ دينُه، ولَئن كان يَهوديًّا أو نَصرانيًّا لَيَرُدَّنَّ عليّ ساعيهِ (^٦)، فأمّا اليَومَ فما كُنتُ أُبايِعُ إلا فُلانًا وفُلانًا (^٧). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي صالِحٍ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن سُفيانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٨).\n\n٢٠٤١٣ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) الوكت: أثر الشيء اليسير. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١١٨.\n(^٢) المجل: أثر العمل في الكف يعالج بها الإنسان الشيء حتى يغلظ جلدها. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ١١٩.\n(^٣) نفط: تورم. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٠.\n(^٤) منتبرًا: مرتفعًا. إكمال المعلم ١/ ٢٩٦.\n(^٥) ليس في: الأصل، س، م.\n(^٦) ساعيه: رئيسه الذي يحكم لي عليه وينصفنى منه. وقيل: الساعى الوالى، وكل من ولى شيئًا على قوم فهو ساع عليهم، ومنه سمى ساعى الصدقات ساعيًا لأنه قد ولى ذلك الأمر. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ١/ ٢١.\n(^٧) أخرجه ابن حبان (٦٧٦٢) من طريق إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وأحمد (٢٣٢٥٥)، والترمذي (٢١٧٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٥٣) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٨) البخاري (٦٤٩٧، ٧٠٨٦)، ومسلم (١٤٣) عقب (٢٣٠).","vol":"20","page":362},{"text":"أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الحَسَنِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ الهِلالِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن بَيانٍ، عن قَيسٍ هو ابنُ أبي حازِمٍ، عن مِرداسٍ الأسلَمِيِّ، عن النِّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يَذهَبُ الصّالِحونَ الأوَّلُ فالأوَّلُ، ويَبقَى حُفالَةٌ مِثلَ حُفالَةِ الشَّعيرِ، أوِ التَّمرِ، لا يُباليهِمُ اللهُ بالًا\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا مُحاضِرٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ النّاسِ قَرنِي، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ قَومٌ تَسبِقُ أيمانُهُم شَهادَتَهُم، وشَهادُتُهُم أيمانَهُم\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ\nمحمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ،\nحدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا أبو جَمرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ زَهدَمَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٣١٣). وأخرجه الدارمي (٢٧٦١) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وابن حبان (٦٨٥٢) من طريق بيان بن بشر به. وأحمد (١٧٧٢٩) من طريق قيس بن أبي حازم به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٤٣٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٣٥٩٤)، والترمذي (٣٨٥٩)، وابن حبان (٧٢٢٨) من طريق الأعمش به. وتقدم في (١٩٩٣٨)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٦٣٢).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٤٢٩).","vol":"20","page":363},{"text":"ابنَ مُضَرِّبٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُكُم قَرنِي، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم\" (^١). قال عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ: لا أدرِي أذَكَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بعدَ قَرنِه قَرنَينِ أو ثَلاثَةً، ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ بَعدَكُم قَومًا يَخونونَ ولا يؤتَمَنونَ، ويَشهَدونَ ولا يُستَشهَدونَ، ويَنذِرونَ ولا يَفُونَ، ويَظهَرُ فيهِمُ السِّمَنُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن [وَجْهٍ آخرَ] (^٣) عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4245>بابُ اعتِمادِ القاضِي على تَزكيةِ المُزَكّينَ وجَرحِهِم</span>\n\n٢٠٤١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ ومُسَدَّدٌ واللَّفظُ لِمُسَدَّدٍ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنه مُرَّ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بجِنازَةٍ فأُثنِي عَلَيها خَيرًا فقالَ: \"وجَبَت\". ثُمَّ مُرَّ عَلَيه بجِنازَةٍ فأُثنِىَ عَلَيه شَرًّا فقالَ: \"وجَبَت\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ الله، قُلتَ لِهَذِه: \"وجَبَت\" ولِهَذِه: \"وجَبَت\". قال: \"شَهادَةُ القَومِ، والمُؤمِنونَ شُهَداءُ اللهِ في الأرضِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمّادٍ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"ثم الذين يلونهم\".\n(^٢) تقدم في (٢٠١١٣).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أوجه أخر\".\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٥١)، ومسلم (٢٥٣٥/ ٢١٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٣٩)، وابن ماجه (١٤٩١)، وابن حبان (٣٠٢٥) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وتقدم في (٧٢٦٤، ٧٢٦٥)، وسيأتي في (٢٠٩٥١).","vol":"20","page":364},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بن يَحيَى (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا داودُ بن عمرٍو الضَّبِّيُّ قالا: حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ الجُمَحِيُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بن صَفوانَ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي زُهَيرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، عن أبيه قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- بالنَّباةِ -أو قال: بالنَّباوَةِ (^٢) - يقولُ: \"توشِكوا أن تَعرِفوا أهلَ الجَنَّةِ مِن أهلِ النّارِ\". أو قال: \"خيارَكُم مِن شِرارِكُم\". قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، بماذا؟ قال: \"بالثَّناءِ الحَسَنِ والثَّناءِ السَّيِّئ، أنتُم شُهَداءُ بَعضُكُم على بَعضٍ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4246>بابُ عَدَدِ المُزَكّينَ</span>\n\n٢٠٤١٨ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عباسُ بن الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا داودُ بن أبي الفُراتِ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ واللَّفظُ لَهُما قالا: أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا داودُ بن أبي الفُراتِ الكِندِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبي الأسوَدِ الدّيلِيِّ قال: أتَيتُ المَدينَةَ وقَد وقَعَ بها مَرَضٌ، فهُم يَموتونَ مَوتًا ذَريعًا، فجَلَستُ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطاب، فمَرَّت\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٤٢)، ومسلم (٩٤٩/ عقب ٦٠).\n(^٢) النباوة: موضع بالطائف كما جاء مفسرًا عند ابن ماجه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٢١)، وابن حبان (٧٣٨٤) من طريق نافع بن عمر به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٠٠).","vol":"20","page":365},{"text":"عَلَيه جِنازَةٌ فأُثنِىَ على صاحِبِها خَيرًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: وجَبَت. ثُمَّ مُرَّ بأُخرَى فأُثنِىَ عَلَيها خَيرًا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: وجَبَت. ثُمَّ مُرَّ بالثالِثَةِ فأُثنِىَ على صاحِبِها شَرًّا، فقالَ عُمَرُ: وجَبَت. قال أبو الأسوَدِ: فقُلتُ: ما وجَبَت يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ؟ قال: قُلتُ كما قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما مُسلِمٍ شَهِدَ له أربَعَةٌ بخَيرٍ أدخَلَه اللهُ الجَنَّةَ\". قال: قُلنا: وثَلاثَةٌ؟ قال: \"وثَلاثَةٌ\". قال: قُلنا: واثنانِ؟ قال: \"واثنانِ\". ثُمَّ لَم نَسألْه عن الواحِدِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4247>بابٌ: لا يُقبَلُ الجَرحُ فيمَن ثَبَتَت عَدالَتُه إلا بأن يَقِفَه على ما يَجرَحُه بهِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لأنَّ النّاسَ يَختَلِفونَ ويَتَبايَنونَ في الأهواءِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِي مَحمودُ بن الرَّبيعِ الأنصارِيُّ، أن عِتبانَ بنَ مالكٍ -وهو مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ممَّن شَهِدَ بَدرًا- أخبَرَه أنه أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَد أنكَرتُ بَصَرِي وأنا أُصَلِّي لِقَومِي، فإِذا كانَتِ الأمطارُ سالَ الوادِي الَّذِي بَينى وبَينَهُم، ولَم أستَطِعْ أن آتِي\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٧٢٦٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٤٣).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٥.","vol":"20","page":366},{"text":"مَسجِدَهُم فأُصَلِّيَ بهم (^١)، ودِدتُ يا رسولَ اللهِ أنَّكَ تأتِي فتُصَلِّي في بَيتِي فأتَّخِذُه مُصَلًّى. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"سأفعَلُ إن شاءَ اللهُ\". قال عِتبانُ: فغَدا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأبو بكرٍ حينَ ارتَفَعَ النَّهارُ، فاستأذَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأَذِنتُ له، فلَم يَجلِسْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ البَيتَ، فقالَ لِي: \"أينَ تُحِبُّ أن أُصَلِّيَ مِن بَيتِكَ؟ \". قال: فأشَرتُ إلَى ناحيَةٍ مِنَ البَيتِ، فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فكَبَّرَ، فقُمْنا فصفَفنا، فصَلَّى رَكعَتَينِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ. قال: وحَبَسناه على خَزيرَةٍ صَنَعناها له. قال: فثابَ في البَيتِ رِجالٌ مِن أهلِ الدّارِ ذَو (^٢) عَدَدٍ واجتَمَعوا، فقالَ قائلٌ مِنهُم: أينَ مالكُ بن الدُّخشُنِ؟ فقالَ بَعضُهُم: ذَلِكَ مُنافِقٌ لا يُحِبُّ اللهَ ورسولَه. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقُلْ لي ذَلِكَ، ألا تَراه وقَد قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. يُريدُ بذَلِكَ وجهَ اللهِ؟ \". قال: اللهُ ورسولُه أعلمُ. قال: فإِنّا نَرَى وجهَه ونَصيحَتَه إلَى المُنافِقينَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ قَد حَرَّمَ على النّارِ مَن قال: لا إلَهَ إلا اللهُ. يبتَغِي بذَلِكَ وجْهَ اللهِ\". قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: ثُمَّ سألتُ الحُصَينَ بنَ محمدٍ الأنصارِيَّ -وهو أحَدُ بَنِي سالِمٍ، وكانَ مِن سَراتِهِم- عن حَديثِ مَحمودِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، فصَدَّقَه بذَلِكَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"، عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"لهم\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ذوو\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (١٦٥٣) من طريق عقيل به. وتقدم في (٣٠٣٩، ٤٩٨٧، ٤٩٨٨، ٥٠٨٩، ٥١٨٠ - ٥١٨٢، ٥٢٢٤).\n(^٤) البخاري (٥٤٠١)، ومسلم (٣٣/ ٢٦٣).","vol":"20","page":367},{"text":"فالنَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لَم يَقبَلْ قَولَ الواقِعِ في مالكِ بنِ الدُّخشُنِ بأنَّه مُنافِقٌ حَتَّى تبَيَّنَ له مِن أينَ يقولُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ لما بَيَّنَه لَم يَرَه نِفاقًا، فرَدَّ عَلَيه قَولَه.\n\n٢٠٤٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، أنبأنا حاجِبُ بن أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بن مُنيبٍ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بن عياضٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان يُقالُ: العَدلُ في المُسلِمينَ مَن لَم يَظهَرْ مِنه ريبَةٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا عِندَنا فيمَن ثَبَتَت عَدالَتُه؛ فهو على أصلِ العَدالَةِ ما لَم يَظهَرْ مِنه ريبَةٌ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4248>بابُ ما يقولُ في لَفظِ التَّعديلِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ قال: أقطَعَنى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وعُمَرُ بن الخطابِ أرضَ كَذا وكَذا، فذَهَبَ الزُّبَيرُ إلَى آلِ عُمَرَ، فاشتَرَى نَصيبَه مِنهُم، ثُمَّ أتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ فقالَ: إنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ زَعَمَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أقطَعَه أرضَ كَذا وكَذا، فقالَ: هو جائزُ الشَّهادَةِ له وعَلَيهِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٠٤٢)، وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٢٢٩ من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات ٣/ ١٢٦، وأحمد (١٦٧٠) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"20","page":368},{"text":"وقَد مَضَى في حَديثِ السَّهوِ في الصَّلاةِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ أنه قال لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ: فأنتَ عِندَنا العَدلُ الرِّضا، فماذا سَمِعتَ (^١)؟.\n\n٢٠٤٢٢ - وفيما رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ عن أبي أُسامَةَ ويَزيدَ عن الصَّعِقِ بنِ حَزنٍ عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا سُئلَ الرَّجُلُ عن أخيه فهو بالخِيار، إن شاءَ سَكَتَ، وإِن شاءَ قال فصَدَقَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ السُّلَيمانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه قال: وقالَ أحَدُهُما: \"عن الرَّجُلِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4249>بابٌ: مَن يَرجِعُ إلَيه في السُّؤالِ يَجِبُ أن تَكونَ مَعرِفَتُه باطِنَةً مُتَقادِمَةً</span>\n\n٢٠٤٢٣ - استِدلالًا بما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ أعلمُ إذا أحسَنتُ وإِذا أسأتُ؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إذا سَمِعتَ جيرانَكَ يَقولونَ: قَد أحسَنتَ. فقَد أحسَنتَ، وإِذا سَمِعتَهُم يَقولونَ: قَد أسأتَ. فقَد أسأت\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٨٦١).\n(^٢) المراسيل (٤٠٠).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٤٩)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٣٨٠٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٢٥، ٥٢٦). وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٠٢).","vol":"20","page":369},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن جامِعِ بنِ شَدَّادٍ، عن كُلثومٍ الخُزاعِيِّ قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ - رَجُلٌ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ لِي أن أعلَمَ إذا أحسَنتُ أنِّي قَد أحسَنتُ، وإِذا أسأتُ أنِّي قَد أسأتُ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا قال لَكَ جيرانُكَ: قَد أحسَنتَ. فقَد أحسَنتَ، وإِذا قال لَكَ جيرانُكَ: قَد أسأتَ. فقَد أسأتَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ ابنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن أبي عَبّادٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فمَرَّ رَجُلٌ برسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُسائلُه، فقالَ: \"كَيفَ أنتَ يا عبدَ الله، أتَعرِفُهُ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"ما اسمُهُ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا أدرِي؟ قال: \"فأينَ مَنزِلُهُ؟ \" قال: قُلتُ: لا أدرِي. قال: \"فلَيسَ هذه بمَعرِفَة\" (^٢). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٢٠٤٢٦ - ورَواه أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ قال: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ على النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن يَعرِفُهُ؟ \". فقالَ رَجُلٌ: أنا أعرِفُه بوَجهِه ولا أعرِفُه باسمِه، قال: \"لَيسَت تِلكَ بمَعرِفَة\" (^٣). أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه مُرسَلًا، وهو الصحيحُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٦٩١) -ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٤٢٢٢) - عن أبي معاوية به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (٣٤٠١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن قدامة في المتحابين في الله ١/ ٦٠ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح، وفيه أن الذي قال: كيف أنت يا عبد الله. هو الرجل المارّ. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٢١: أبو عباد يجهل.\n(^٣) المراسيل (٤٠١).","vol":"20","page":370},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَوِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن رُشَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيبانُ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مُسهِرٍ، عن خَرَشَةَ بنِ الحُرِّ قال: شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ بشَهادَةٍ، فقالَ له: لَستُ أعرِفُكَ، ولا يَضُرُّكَ إلا أعرِفَكَ، ائتِ بمَن يَعرِفُكَ. فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ: أنا أعرِفُه. قال: بأيِّ شَئٍ تَعرِفُهُ؟ قال: بالعَدالَةِ والفَضلِ. قال: فهو جارُكَ الأدنَى الَّذِي تَعرِفُ لَيلَه ونَهارَه ومَدخَلَه ومَخرَجَهُ؟ قال: لا. قالَ: فمُعامِلُكَ بالدِّينارِ والدِّرهَمِ اللَّذَينِ بهِما يُستَدَلُّ على الوَرَعِ؟ قال: لا. قال: فرَفيقُكَ في السَّفَرِ الَّذِي يُستَدَلُّ به على مَكارِمِ الأخلاقِ؟ قال: لا. قال: لَستَ تَعرِفُه. ثُمَّ قال للرَّجُلِ: ائتِ بمَن يَعرِفُكَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4250>بابُ اتِّخاذِ الكُتّابِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ النُّكرِيُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الجَوزاء، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في قَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿يَوْمَ نَطْوِي السَّمَاءَ كَطَيِّ السِّجِلِّ لِلْكُتُبِ﴾ [الأنبياء: ١٠٤]. قال: كان لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- كاتِبٌ يُدعَى السِّجِلَّ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤١٨٢). وأخرجه العقيلى في الضعفاء ٣/ ٤٥٤ من طريق داود بن رشيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني (١٢٧٩٠) عن عليّ بن عبد العزيز به. وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٦/ ٤٢٤ من طريق عمرو بن مالك به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٢١: هذا ليس بصحيح، ويحيى قد كذبه حماد بن زيد.","vol":"20","page":371},{"text":"٢٠٤٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، أنبأنا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا قتيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا نوحُ بن قَيسٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ كَعب، عن عمرِو بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبي الجَوزاء، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: السِّجِلُّ كاتِبٌ كان لِلنَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٣٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الفَضلُ بن محمدٍ البَيهَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ ابنُ أبي سلمةَ الماجِشونُ، عن عبد الواحِدِ بنِ أبي عَونٍ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: أتَى النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كتابُ رَجُلٍ، فقالَ لِعَبدِ الله بنِ الأرقَمِ: \"أجِبْ عَنِّي\". فكَتَبَ جَوابَه ثُمَّ قَرأه عَلَيه، فقالَ: \"أصَبتَ وأحسَنتَ، اللَّهُمَّ وفِّقْه\". فلَمَّا ولى عُمَرُ كان يُشاوِرُه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يَحيَى السُّكَّرِيُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ الأزهَر، حَدَّثَنَا المُفَضَّلُ بن غَسَّانَ الغَلَّابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعلَي، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ قال: قُلتُ لِشَقيقٍ: مَن كان كاتِبَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: عبدُ اللهِ بن أرقَمَ، وقَد أتانا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩٣٥). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٣٣٥، ١١٣٣٦) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٢٢: يزيد بن كعب مجهول الحال، لكن خرج له النسائي، وعمرو النكرى صدوق، والخبر منكر. وقال ابن كثير ٥/ ٣٧٨: لا يصح، وقد صرح جماعة من الحفاظ بوضعه.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٣/ ٣٣٥ وصححه. وأخرجه الطبراني كما في مجمع الزوائد ٩/ ٣٧٠ من طريق عبد الواحد ابن أبي عون معضلًا. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٢٢: عبد الله الكاتب ليس بحجة. (يعني عبد الله بن صالح).","vol":"20","page":372},{"text":"كِتابُ أبي بكرٍ بالقادِسيَّةِ وفِي أسفَلِه: وكَتَبَ عبدُ اللهِ بن أرقَمَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن الفَضل، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرِ بنِ الزُّبَير، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَير، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- استَكتَبَ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الأرقمِ فكانَ يَكتُبُ: عبدُ اللهِ بن الأرقم، وكانَ يُجيبُ عنه المُلوكَ، فبَلَغَ مِن أمانَتِه أنه كان يأمُرُه أن يَكتُبَ إلَى بَعضِ المُلوكِ فيَكتُبُ، ثُمَّ يأمَرُه أن يَكتُبَ ويَختِمَ ولا يَقرؤه لأمانَتِه عِندَه، ثُمَّ استَكتَبَ أيضًا زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، فكانَ يَكتُبُ الوَحى، ويَكتُبُ إلَى المُلوكِ أيضًا، وكانَ إذا غابَ عبدُ اللهِ بن أرقَمَ وزَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ واحتاجَ أن يَكتُبَ إلَى بَعضِ أُمَراءِ الأجنادِ والمُلوك، أو يَكتُبَ لإنسانٍ كِتابًا بقَطيعَةٍ (^٢) أمَرَ جَعفَرًا أن يَكتُبَ، وقَد كَتَبَ له عُمَرُ وعُثمانُ، وكانَ زَيدٌ والمُغيرَةُ ومُعاويَةُ وخالِدُ بن سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ وغَيرُهُم مِمَّن قَد سُمِّي مِنَ العَرَبِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4251>بابٌ: لا يَتَّخِذُّ كاتِبًا لأمورِ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يَجمَعَ أنْ يَكونَ عَدلًا عاقِلًا فقيهًا بَعيدًا مِنَ الطَّمَعِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد ٦/ ٩٦، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٢٧٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"يقطعه\".\nوالقطيعة: قطعة الأرض، سميت قطيعة لأنَّها يقتطعها من جملة الأرض. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي ١٤/ ١٦٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه البغوي في معجم الصحابة (١٥١٩)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤/ ٣٣٦ من طريق محمد بن حميد به.","vol":"20","page":373},{"text":"ابنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بشرُ بن موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ يَعنى الأشيَبَ، عن إبراهيمَ ابنِ سَعدٍ الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ السَّبَّاق، عن زَيدِ ابنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ: إنَّكَ رَجُلٌ شابٌّ عاقِلٌ لا نَتَّهِمُكَ، وقَد كُنتَ تَكْتُبُ الوَحى لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ - فتَتَبَّعِ القُرآنَ فاجمَعْه (^١). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي ثابِتٍ وغَيرِه عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4252>بابٌ: لا يَنبَغِي للقاضِي ولا للوالِي أن يَتَّخِذَ كاتِبًا ذِمِّيًّا، ولا يَضَعَ الذِّمِّيَّ في مَوضِعٍ يَتَفَضَّلُ فيه مُسلِمًا</span>\nرُوِّينا في كِتابِ السِّيَرِ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لَن أستَعينَ بمُشرِكٍ\" (^٣). واللَّفظُ عامٌّ.\n\n٢٠٤٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عمرٍو الحَرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ ابنِ يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّنادِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي الزِّناد، عن أبيه، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: قال زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ: أمَرَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فتَعَلَّمتُ له كِتابَ يَهودَ، وقالَ: \"إِنِّي واللهِ ما آمَنُ يَهُودَ على كِتَابِي\". فتَعَلَّمتُه فلَم يَمُرَّ بي نِصفُ شَهرٍ -وقالَ أبو داودَ: إلَّا نِصفُ شَهرٍ- حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٤٠٧، ١٢٣٢٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٤٦٧٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٩٣٤).","vol":"20","page":374},{"text":"حَذِقتُه. قال أبي: فكُنتُ أكتُبُ له إذا كَتَبَ، وأقرأُ له إذا كُتِبَ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَين، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن العَوّامِ بنِ حَوشَبٍ، عن الأزهَرِ بنِ راشِدٍ قال: كان أنَسُ بن مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ أصحابَه، فإِذا حَدَّثَهُم بحَديثٍ لا يَدرونَ ما هوأتَوُا الحَسَنَ ففَسَّرَ لَهُم، فحَدَّثَهُم ذاتَ يَومٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَستَضيئوا بنارِ المُشرِكينَ، ولا تَنقُشوا في خَواتيمِكُم عَرَبيًّا\". فأتَوُا الحَسَنَ فقالوا: إنَّ أنَسًا حَدَّثَنَا اليَومَ بحَديثٍ لا نَدرِي ما هو. قال: وما حَدَّثَكُم؟ فذَكَروه، قال: نَعَم، أمّا قَولُه: \"لا تَنقُشوا في خَواتيمِكُم عَرَبيًّا\". فإِنَّه يَقُولُ: لا تنقُشوا في خَواتيمِكُم محمدًا. وأمّا قَولُه: \"لا تَستَضيئوا بنارِ المُشرِكينَ\". فإِنَّه يَقولُ: لا تَستَشيروا المُشرِكينَ في شَئٍ مِن أُمورِكُم. وتَصديقُ ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ لَا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالًا﴾ (^٢) [آل عمران: ١١٨].\n\n٢٠٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سعيدٍ إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدٍ أبو عليٍّ الوَشّاءُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٧٥ وصححه، وأبو داود (٣٦٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٦١٨)، والترمذي (٢٧١٥) من طريق عبد الرَّحمن بن أبي الزناد به مطولًا. وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٩٨): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) مسدد - كما في الإتحاف (٥٥٦٦، ٦٧٢٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١١٩٠٤)، والنسائي (٥٢٢٤)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٦٣ من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"20","page":375},{"text":"ابنُ الجَعد، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عياضًا الأشعَرِيَّ، أن أبا موسَى وفَدَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- ومَعَه كاتِبٌ نَصرانِيٌّ، فأعجَبَ عُمَرَ -﵁- ما رأى مِن حِفظِه فقالَ: قُلْ لِكاتِبِكَ يَقرأْ لَنا كِتابًا. قال: إنَّه نَصرانِيٌّ لا يَدخُلُ المَسجِدَ. فانتَهَرَه عُمَرُ وهَمَّ به، وقالَ: لا تُكرِموهُم إذ أهانَهُمُ اللهُ، ولا تُدنوهُم إذ أقصاهُمُ اللهُ، ولا تتَّمِنوهم (^١) إذ خَوَّنَهُمُ اللهُ ﷿.\n\n٢٠٤٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ وأبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الواحِدِ بن محمدِ بنِ النَّجَّارِ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ قالا: أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن حَمَّادٍ، عن أسباطَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عياضٍ الأشعَرِيَّ، عن أبي موسَي، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- أمَرَه أن يَرفَعَ إلَيه ما أخَذَ وما أعطَى في أديمٍ واحِدٍ، وكانَ لأبِي موسَى كاتِبٌ نَصرانِيٌّ يَرفَعُ إلَيه ذَلِكَ، فعَجِبَ عُمَرَ -﵁- وقالَ: إنَّ هذا لَحافِظٌ. وقالَ: إنَّ لَنا كِتابًا في المَسجِد، وكانَ جاءَ مِنَ الشّامِ فادعُه فليَقرأْ. قال أبو موسَى: إنَّه لا يَستَطيعُ أن يَدخُلَ المَسجِدَ. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: أجُنُبٌ هوَ؟ قال: لا، بَل نَصرانِيٌّ. قال: فانتَهَرَنِي وضَرَبَ فخِذِي وقالَ: أخرِجْه، وقَرأ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ٥١]. قال أبو موسَى: واللهِ ما تَوَلَّيتُه، إنَّما كان يَكتُبُ. قال: أما وجَدتَ في أهلِ الاسلامِ مَن يَكتُبُ لَكَ؟! لا تُدنِهِم إذ أقصاهُمُ اللهُ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\". وكتب في الحاشية: \"هي لغة، والله أعلم\". وفي س، م: \"تأتمنوهم\". ينظر لسان العرب ١٣/ ٢١ (أ م ن).","vol":"20","page":376},{"text":"تأمَنْهُم [إذ أخانَهُمُ] (^١) اللهُ، ولا تُعِزَّهُم بعدَ إذ أذَلَّهُمُ اللهُ. فأخرَجَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4253>بابُ كِتابِ القاضِي إلى القاضِي والقاضِي إلى الأميِر والأميِر إلى القاضِي</span>\n\n٢٠٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بن نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو لَيلَى بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ أنه أخبَرَه رِجالٌ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه. فذَكَرَ حَديثَ القَسامَة، وفيه: قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في ذَلِكَ فكَتَبوا: إنَّا واللَّهِ ما قَتَلناه (^٣). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٤).\nوروّينا عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُكَيمٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى أرضِ جُهَينَةَ (^٥).\nوروّينا في حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى أهلِ اليَمَنِ بكِتابٍ فيه الفَرائضُ والسُّنَنُ والدِّيَاتُ، وبَعَثَ به مَعَ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، فقُرِئَت على أهلِ اليَمَنِ (^٦).\n\n٢٠٤٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"إذا خانهم\"، وفي م: \"إذ خانهم\".\n(^٢) المصنّف في الشعب (٩٣٨٤) عن زيد وحده. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١١٥٦ (٦٥١٠) من طريق سماك به، بدون ذكر قول أبي موسى الأخير.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥١١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٧١٩٢)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٦).\n(^٥) تقدم في (٤٢، ٤٣).\n(^٦) تقدم تخريجه في (٤١٢، ١٤٩٣، ٧٤٦٤).","vol":"20","page":377},{"text":"ابنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بن أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي عبدُ اللهِ بن المُثَنَّي، حَدَّثَنِي ثُمامَةُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أنَسٍ، أن أنَسًا حَدَّثَه، أن أبا بكرٍ -﵁ - كَتَبَ هذا الكِتابَ لَمّا وجَّهَه إلَى البحرَينِ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، هذه فرائضُ (^١) الصَّدَقَةِ التي فرَضَها (^٢) اللهُ على المُسلِمينَ، التي أمَرَ اللهُ بها رسولَه -ﷺ-، فمَن سُئلَها مِنَ المُسلِمينَ على وجهِها فلْيُعطِها، ومَن سُئلَ فوقَها فلا يُعطِ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الأنصارِيِّ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٤٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أحمدَ الجُرجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى المَوصِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَريرٌ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَل، عن أبي عثمانَ أن عُتبَةَ بنَ فَرْقَدٍ بَعَثَ إلَى عُمَرَ مَعَه ومَعَ غُلامٍ لِعُتبَةَ مِن أذرَبيجانَ بخَبيصٍ (^٥) جَيِّدٍ صَنَعَه في السَّلالِي عَلَيها اللُّبودُ (^٦)، فلَمّا انتَهَى إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- كَشَفَ عُمَرُ عن الخَبيصِ فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: أيَشبَعُ المُسلِمونَ في رِحالِهِم مِن هَذا؟ فقالَ الرَّسولُ: اللَّهُمَّ لا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: لا أُريدُه. وكَتَبَ إلَى عُتبَةَ: أمَّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّه لَيسَ مِن كَدِّكَ، ولا مِن كَدِّ أبيكَ، ولا\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"فريضة\".\n(^٢) في حاشية الأصل: \"فرض\".\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٣٢٦، ٧٣٢٨، ٧٣٧٥، ٧٥٩٣).\n(^٤) البخاري (١٤٤٨، ١٤٥٣، ١٤٥٤).\n(^٥) الخبيص: حلوى تعمل من التمر والسمن. التاج ٥٤٢/ ١٧ (خ ب ص).\n(^٦) ألبدت الشيء بالشئ: ألصقته، ومنها البود التي تفرش. ينظر التاج ٩/ ١٢٩ (ل ب د).","vol":"20","page":378},{"text":"مِن كَدِّ أُمِّكَ، فأشبعْ مَن قِبَلَكَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ في رِحالِهِم مِمّا تَشبَعُ مِنه في رَحلِكَ. ثُمَّ قال: ائتَزِروا وارتَدُوا وانتَعِلوا، وألقُوا السَّراويلاتِ والخِفافَ، وارمُوا الأغراضَ وألقُوا الرُّكُبَ (^١)، وانزُوا (^٢) نَزوًا، وعَلَيكُم بالمَعَدِّيَّةِ (^٣) والعَرَبيَّة، وذَروا التَّنَعُّمَ وزِيَّ العَجَم، وإيّاكُم ولُبسَ الحَرِير؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهانا عن لُبسِ الحَريرِ إلَّا هَكَذا، ووَضَعَ إصبَعَيه السَّبّابَةَ والوُسطَى (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي خَيثَمَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مُختَصَرًا كما مَضَى (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4254>بابُ خَتمِ الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ القَلانِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: لَمّا أرادَ رسُولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن يَكتُبَ إلَى الرّومِ قيلَ له: إنَّهُم لَن يَقرَءوا كِتابَكَ إذا لَم يَكُنْ مَختومًا. فاتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ ونَقشُه: محمدٌ رسُولُ اللهِ. قال أنَسٌ: فكأنَّما أنظُرُ إلَى بَياضِه في يَدِهِ (^٦). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) الرُّكب: جمع رِكاب، وهو موضع القدم من السرج كالغرز من الإبل. ينظر التاج ٢/ ٥٢٤ (ر ك ب).\n(^٢) انزوا: يقال: نزوت على الشئ. إذا وثبت عليه. لسان العرب ١٥/ ٣١٩ (ن ز و).\n(^٣) المعدية: يريد: تشبهوا بعيش معد بن عبدنان. وكانوا أهل غلظ وقشف. النهاية ٤/ ٣٤٢.\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (٦١٤٨، ٦١٤٩)، (١٧٩٦٩).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٠٦٩/ ١٣)، والبخاري (٥٨٢٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٢٠، ١٣٩١٦)، والنسائي (٥٢١٦، ٥٢٩٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"20","page":379},{"text":"آدَمَ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- صَنَعَ خاتَمًا مِن ورِقٍ، فنَقَشَ فيه: محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، وقالَ: \"لا تَنقُشوا عَلَيه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حَدَّثَنَا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد السَّلام، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ صُهَيبٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- اتَّخَذَ خاتَمًا مِن فِضَّةٍ، ونَقَشَ فيه: محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ. وقالَ: \"إنِّي اتَّخَذتُ خاتَمًا مِن فِضَّةٍ، ونَقَشتُ فيه: محمدٌ رسولُ اللهِ. فلا يَنقُشْ أحَدٌ على نَقشِه\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٌ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٥٨٧٥).\n(^٢) البخاري (٧١٦٢)، ومسلم (٢٠٩٢/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٦٣٣٩)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٤٦٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٤٧)، والترمذي (١٧٤٥) وقال: صحيح حسن.\n(^٤) المصنّف في الشعب (٦٣٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٩٤١) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٥٨٧٧)، ومسلم (٢٠٩٢).","vol":"20","page":380},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4255>بابُ الاحتياطِ في قِراءَةِ الكِتابِ والإِشهادِ عَلَيه وخَتمِه لِئَلَّا يُزَوَّرَ عَلَيهِ</span>\nوقَد قال مُطَرِّفُ بن عبد اللهِ: احتَرِسوا مِنَ النّاسِ بسوءِ الظَّنِّ:\n\n٢٠٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إسحاقُ بن الحَسَنِ الحَربِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَهدِيُّ ابنُ مَيمونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا غَيلانُ بن جَريرٍ قال: قال مُطَرِّفُ بن عبد اللهِ: احتَرِسوا مِنَ النّاسِ بسوءِ الظَّنِّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وروِي ذَلِكَ عن أنَسِ بنِ في مالكٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nوالحَذَرُ مِن أمثالِه سُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ.\n\n٢٠٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ فارِسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا نوحُ بن يَزيدَ بنِ سَيَّارٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنيه ابنُ إسحاقَ، عن عيسَى بنِ مَعمَرٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ الفَغواءِ الخُزاعِيّ، عن أبيه قال: دَعانِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقَد أرادَ أن يَبعَثَنِي بمالٍ إلَى أبي سُفيانَ يَقسِمُه في قُرَيشٍ بمَكَّةَ بعدَ الفَتحِ فقالَ: \"التَمِس صاحِبًا\". قال: فجاءَنِي عمرُو بن أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ فقالَ: بَلَغَنِي أنَّكَ تُريدُ الخُروجَ وتَلتَمِسُ صاحِبًا. قال: قُلتُ: أجَلْ. قال: فأنا لَكَ صاحِبٌ. قال: فجِئتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: قَد وجَدتُ صاحِبًا. قال: فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد في الزهد ص ٢٤٢ عن عفان به. وأبو نعيم في الحلية ٢١٠١٢ من طريق مهدى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٩٨، ٩٤٥٨)، وتمام في فوائده (١١٦٧).","vol":"20","page":381},{"text":"لِي: مَن؟ فقُلتُ: عمرُو بن أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ. قال: \"إذا هَبَطتَ بلادَ قَومِه فاحذَرْه؛ فإِنَّه قَد قال القائلُ: أخوكَ البَكرِيُّ (^١) فلا تأمَنْه\". قال: فخَرَجنا حَتَّى إذا كُنا بالأبواءِ قال: إنِّي أُريدُ حاجَةً إلَى قَومِي بوَدّانَ (^٢) فتَلَبَّثْ لِي. قُلتُ: راشِدًا. فلَمّا ولَّى ذَكَرتُ قَولَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فشَدَدتُ على بَعيرِي حَتَّى خَرَجتُ أُوضِعُه (^٣)، حَتَّى إذا كُنتُ بالأضافِرِ (^٤) إذا هو يُعارِضُنِي في رَهطٍ. قال: وأوضَعتُ فسَبَقتُه، فلَمَّا رأى (^٥) أن قَد فُتُّه انصَرَفوا، وجاءَنِي فقالَ: كانَت لِي إلَى قَومِي حاجَةٌ. قال: قُلتُ: أجَلْ. ومَضَينا حَتَّى قَدِمنا مَكَّةَ، فدَفَعتُ المالَ إلَى أبي سُفيانَ (^٦).\n\n٢٠٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا ضبطه في الأصل بفتح الباء، نسبة إلى القبيلة، كقولهم: لا تبت مع بكرى قريبًا. والمراد التحذير من الرجل القريب. وقال المناوى: بكسر الباء. أي الذي ولد أبوك أولًا. وإن كان ذلك فهو وصف لا يحتاج إلى ياء النسب. ينظر رسالة الغفران ص ٤٠٩، وجمهرة الأمثال ١/ ١٧٩، وفيض القدير ١/ ٢٨٧.\n(^٢) ودان: بالفتح والثديد: قرية جامعة قريبة من الجحفة. ينظر معجم البلدان ٤/ ٩١٠.\n(^٣) أوضعه: أحمله على العدْو. عون المعبود ٤/ ٤١٦.\n(^٤) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\"، وفي م، ومصادر التخريج: \"الأصافر\". والأصافر: جمع أصفر، وهى ثنايا سلكها النَّبِيّ -ﷺ- في طريقه إلى بدر. وقيل: الأصافر جبال مجموعة تسمى بهذا الاسم لصفرها؛ أي: خلوها. معجم البلدان ١/ ٣٩١.\n(^٥) في م: \"رآنى\".\n(^٦) أبو داود (٤٨٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٩٢) عن نوح بن يزيد به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٣٦).","vol":"20","page":382},{"text":"الحارِث، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ أحمدُ بن شُعَيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُلدَغُ مُؤمِنٌ مِن جُحرٍ مَرَّتَينِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِم في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خالِدٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَن، أنه كان يَكرَهُ شَهادَةَ الرَّجُلِ على الوَصيَّةِ في صَحيفَةٍ مَختومَةٍ حَتَّى يَعلَمَ ما فيها (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقُوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، أن أبا قِلابَةَ كان يَكرَهُ أن يَشهَدَ على الصَّحيفَةِ المَختومَة، وقال: لَعَلَّ فيها جَورًا (^٥).\n\n٢٠٤٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أنبأنا عبدُ الله، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرير، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، في الرَّجُلِ يَختِمُ على وصيَّتِه وقالَ: اشهَدوا على ما فيها. قال: لا يَجوزُ حَتَّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الآداب ص ٢٧٨ (٥٨٢). وفيه: جعفر بن عمر بن الحارث. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٩٢٨)، وأبو داود (٤٨٦٢) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٨٢) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٦١٣٣)، ومسلم (٢٩٩٨/ ٦٣).\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٢١، ٨٢٢.\n(^٤) بعده في م: \"بن جعفر\".\n(^٥) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٢١.","vol":"20","page":383},{"text":"يَقرأَها، أو تُقرأَ عَلَيه فيُقِرَّ بما فيها (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٥٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا يَعقوب، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عِمرانَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ قال: سُئلَ سفيانُ عن رَجُلٍ كَتَبَ وصيَّتَه فخَتَمَ عَلَيها وقالَ: اشهَدوا بما فيها. قال: كان ابنُ أبي لَيلَى يُبطِلُها. قال سفيانُ: والقُضاةُ لا يُجيزونَها لَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4256>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَبدأُ بنَفسِه في الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، قال أحمدُ: قال مَرَّةً: عن بَعضِ ولَدِ العَلاء، أن العَلاءَ بنَ الحَضرَمِي كان عامِلَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- على البحرَين، فكانَ إذا كَتَبَ إلَيه بَدأ بنَفسِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو (^٤) عمرِو ابنُ السَمّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجُ بن النُّعمان، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسَّانَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن العَلاءَ بنَ الحَضرَمِيِّ كَتَبَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، مِنَ العَلاءِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٢٢. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١٣٦٥) عن جرير عن مغيرة قال: أُراه عن إبراهيم.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٨٢٢.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٥١٣٤)، وأحمد (١٨٩٨٦). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (١٠٩٨).\n(^٤) سقط من: م.","vol":"20","page":384},{"text":"ابنِ الحَضرَمِي إلَى محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَين، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عليٌّ يَعنى ابنَ الجَعد، حَدَّثَنَا أبو هِلالٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتادَةُ أن أبا عُبَيدَةَ ابنَ الجَرّاحِ وخالِدَ بنَ الوَليدِ كَتَبا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فبَدأَ بأنفُسِهِما (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علي بن أحمدَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الخُسرَوجِردِيُّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الكَريمِ بن محمدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن أبي هاشِمٍ، عن زاذانَ، عن سَلمانَ -﵁- قال: لَم يَكُنْ أحَدٌ أعظَمَ حُرمَةً مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، كان أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إذا كَتَبوا إلَيه يَكتُبونَ: مِن فُلانٍ إلَى محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو سلمةَ المِنقَرِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أنه سَمِعَه يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي إسرائيلَ كان يُسلِفُ النّاسَ إذا أتاه بوَكيلٍ\". فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"ويَنطَلِقُ الَّذِي عَلَيه المالُ يَنجُرُ خَشَبَةً حينَ حَلَّ الأجَلُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ٨٨/ ١٨ (١٦٢) من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البلاذرى في أنساب الأشراف ٣/ ٤٧٤ من طريق أبي هلال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني (٦١٠٨)، والسهمى في تاريخ جرجان ص ١٩٨ من طريق قتيبة به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٢٧: فيه انقطاع، وقيس لين.","vol":"20","page":385},{"text":"فجَعَلَ المالَ في جَوفِها، وكتبَ إلَيه بصَحيفَة: مِن فُلانٍ إلَى فُلانٍ، إنِّي قد دَفَعتُ مالَكَ إلَى وكيلِي الذِي تَوَكَّلَ لِي\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4257>بابُ مَن بَدأ بالمَكْتوبِ إلَيه وكَيفَ يَكتُبُ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ يَعنِي ابنَ هارونَ، أنبأنا ابنُ عَون، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ -﵁- كَتَبَ مَرَّةً إلَى مُعاويَةَ، فأرادَ أن يَبدأَ بنَفسِه، فلَم يَزالوا به حَتَّى كَتَبَ: إلَى مُعاويَةَ مِن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٥٧ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجُ بن النُّعمان، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّاد، عن حُمَيدٍ، أن بكرَ ابنَ عبد اللهِ كَتَبَ إلَى عامِل في رَجُل يَشفَعُ له: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، إلَى فُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ، مِن بكَرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ. فقُلتُ له: أتَبدأُ باسمِه؛ قال: وما عليّ أن يَقضِي اللهُ حاجَةَ أخِي المُسلِمِ وأبدأَ باسمِهِ؟\n\n٢٠٤٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمَّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي إسحاقُ بن حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزيدُ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخاري (٦٢٦١/ م) معلقًا عن عمر بن أبي سلمة، ووصله ابن حجر في التغليق ٥/ ١٢٧ من طريق أبي سلمة المنقرى به. وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٢٨)، والبزار (٨٦٨٢)، وابن حبان (٦٤٨٧) من طريق أبي عوانة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٢٤) من طريق ابن عون به.","vol":"20","page":386},{"text":"ابنُ هارونَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بن يَحيَى بنِ عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الأشعَث، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيمُ بن أخضَرَ، أنبأنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: ذَكَروا عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رَجُلًا كَتَبَ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيمِ لِفُلانٍ. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: مَهٍ، أسماءُ اللهِ لَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاك، حَدَّثَنَا حَنبَلٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ قال: قال حُمَيدٌ: وكانَ بكَرُ بن عبد اللهِ يقولُ: يَكتُبُ: بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، إلَى فُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ. ولا يَكتُبُ: لِفُلانِ بنِ فُلانٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4258>بابُ كَيفَ يَكتُبُ إلَى أهلِ الكِتابِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى هِرَقلَ عَظيمِ الرُّومِ: \"سَلامٌ على مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الهُدَى\". قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: ولَم يُجاوِزْ به ابنَ عباسٍ في هذا المَوضِعِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي إسماعيلُ بن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ص ٣٣٨ عن أبي الفتح به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٦٢٣٨)، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد (١١٢٦) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب في الكفاية ص ٣٣٨ من طريق حنبل به.\n(^٣) المصنّف في الشعب (٨٩٠٨)، وفي الآداب (٢٨٧)، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٤٦)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٥١٣٦).","vol":"20","page":387},{"text":"ابنِ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كَتَبَ إلَى قَيصَرَ يَدعوه إلَى الإسلام، وبَعَثَ بكِتابِه إلَيه مَعَ دِحيَةَ الكَلبِيِّ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: فأخبَرَنِي أبو سُفيانَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ في إرسالِ هِرَقلَ إلَيه ودُخولِه عَلَيه وسُؤالِه عنه. قال أبو سُفيانَ: ثُمَّ دَعا بكِتابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأمَرَ به فقُرِئَ، فإِذا فيه: \"بسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحيم، مِن محمدٍ عبد اللهِ ورسولِه إلى هِرَقلَ عَظيمِ الرُّوم، سَلامٌ على مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الهُدَي، أَمّا بَعدُ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4259>بابُ القاضِي يَحكُمُ بشَئٍ فيَكتُبُ للمَحكومِ له بمَسألَتِه كِتابًا</span>\n\n٢٠٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَة، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَين، حَدَّثَنَا أبو غَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا (^٣) (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي إبراهيمُ بن شَريكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَير، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسًا يقولُ: دَعا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الأنصارَ ليَكتُبَ لَهُم بالبَحرَينِ فقالوا: لا واللهِ حَتَّى تَكتُبَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٦٤٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٥١، ٢٦ [٨] ٢٩٤٠)، ومسلم (١٧٧٣/ ٧٤).\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م. وكتب فوقها في الأصل: \"كذا\".","vol":"20","page":388},{"text":"لإخوانِنا مِن قُرَيشٍ بمِثلِها. فقالَ: \"ذاكَ لَهُم ما شاءَ اللهُ\". كُلَّ ذاكَ يَقولونَ له، فقالَ: \"إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ بَعدِي أثَرَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِي\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزِيزِ أن أبا عُمَرَ الحَوضِيَّ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بن زَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا أنَسُ بن مالكٍ المَدينَةَ، فحَدَّثَنا أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أقطَعَ الأنصارَ البحرَينِ وأرادَ أن يَكتُبَ لَهُم بها كِتابًا، فقالوا: لا، حَتَّى تُعطى إخوانَنا مِن قُرَيشٍ مِثْلَها. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّكُم سَتَرَونَ بَعدِي أَثَرَةً، فاصبِروا حَتَّى تَلقَونِي\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4260>بابُ القَاضِي يَحكُمُ بشَيءٍ فَيُشهِدُ عَلى نَفسِه بما حَكَمَ بهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الررْازُ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحارِثُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسرائيلُ، عن عثمانَ الشَّحَّام، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، في قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَتَلَ امرأتَه بالوَقيعَةِ في رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. قال: فلَمّا كان البارِحَةُ ذَكَرَتْكَ فوَقَعَتْ فيكَ، فلَم أصبِرْ أن قُمتُ إلَى المِعوَلِ فوَضَعتُها في بَطنها. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"اشهَدوا أنَّ دَمَها هَدَرٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٩١٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٣١٦٣). وتقدم عقب (١١٩١٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١١٩٠٥).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٣٥٠٥).","vol":"20","page":389},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4261>بابُ القِسمَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو خَليفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عَبايَةَ بنِ رِفاعَةَ بنِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، عن جَدِّهِ رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بذِي الحُلَيفَةِ فأصابَ النّاسَ جوعٌ، فأصبنا إبِلًا وغَنَمًا، وكانَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في أُخرَياتِ النّاس، فعَجِلوا فذَبَحوا ونَصَبوا القُدورَ، فدُفِعَ إلَيهِم رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فأمَرَ بالقُدورِ فأُكفِئَت، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ فعَدَلَ عَشرًا مِنَ الغَنَمِ ببَعيرٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ وغَيرِه عن أبي عَوانَةَ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن\nيَعقوبَ بنِ يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو كُرَيبٍ ومَحمودُ بن غَيلانَ\nقالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو أُسامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي بُريدُ (^٤) بن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي بُردَةَ ابنِ أبي\nموسَي، عن جَدِّه أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قال\nرسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الأشعَريّينَ إذا أرمَلوا في الغَزوِ (^٥)، وقَلَّ طَعامُ عيالِهِم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٨٠٦٤، ١٨٩٦٠، ١٨٩٦١، ١٨٩٦٧، ١٨٩٦٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨٨، ٥٤٩٨).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٥٠٧، ٥٥٠٣، ٥٥٠٦، ٥٥٠٩، ٥٥٤٤)، ومسلم (١٩٦٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يزيد\".\n(^٥) أي: فنى زادهم. أصله من الرمل، كأنهم لصقوا بالرمل من القلة. فتح الباري ٥/ ١٣٠.","vol":"20","page":390},{"text":"بالمَدينَة، جَمَعوا ما كان عِندَهُم في ثَوبٍ واحِدٍ، ثُمَّ اقتَسَموه بَينَهُم في إناءٍ واحِدٍ بالسَّويَّة، فهُم مِنِّي وأنا مِنهُم\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن فُضَيلٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ مَولَى الأنصار، عن رِجالٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- لَمّا ظَهَرَ على خَيبَرَ قَسَمَها على سِتَّةٍ وثَلاثينَ سَهمًا، جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهمٍ مِائَةَ سَهمٍ، فكانَ لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ولِلمُسلِمينَ النِّصفُ مِن ذَلِكَ، وعَزَلَ النِّصفَ الباقِي لمَن نَزَلَ به مِنَ الوُفودِ والأُمورِ ونَوائبِ النّاسِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَسَمَ خَيبَرَ على سِتَّةٍ وثَلاثينَ سَهمًا، لِرسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا لِما يَنوبُه مِنَ الحُقوقِ وأمرِ النّاس، وقَسَمَ ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا تَجمَعُ ثَمانيَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، يُضرَبُ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ بمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٧٩٨) من طريق أبي أسامة به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٠٠/ ١٦٧).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٠١٢). وتقدم في (١٢٩٥٤).\n(^٤) يحيى بن آدم في الخراج (٩٠). وتقدم في (١٢٩٥٥).","vol":"20","page":391},{"text":"٢٠٤٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عبد الجَبَّار، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي بكَرِ ابنِ حَزمٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مِكنَفٍ أخِي بَنِي حارِثَةَ قال: لَمّا أخرَجَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁- يَهودَ خَيبَرَ رَكِبَ في المُهاجِرينَ والأنصار، وخَرَجَ مَعَه بجَبّارِ ابنِ صَخرِ بنِ خَنساءَ أحَدِ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ -وكانَ خارِصَ أهلِ المَدينَةِ وحاسِبَهُم- وبِزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فهُما قَسَما خَيبَرَ بَينَ أهلِها على أصلِ جَماعَةِ السَّهمانِ التي كانَت عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٧٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصِّغانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن إسحاقَ السَّيلَحينِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي جَعفَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الأسوَد، عن أبي أيّوبَ الأنصارِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَدُ اللهِ مَعَ القاضِي حينَ يَقضِي، ويَدُ اللهِ مَعَ القاسِمِ حينَ يَقسِمُ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) ابن إسحاق - كما في سيرة ابن هشام ٢/ ٣٥٧، ومن طريقه ابن شبة في تاريخ المدينة ١/ ١٨٥، وابن عبد البر في التمهيد ٤/ ١٢٨.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٥١١)، والشاشي في مسنده (١١٤١) من طريق يحيى بن إسحاق به.","vol":"20","page":392},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4262>بابُ ما جاءَ في أجرِ القُسّامِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: يَنبَغِي أن يُعطَى أجرُ القُسّامِ مِن بَيتِ المالِ؛ لأنَّ القُسّامَ حُكّامٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ الفقيهُ ﵀: قَد رُوِّينا في سَهمِ المَصالِحِ سَهمِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ - أنه كان لِنَوائبِه ونَوائبِ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ الأصمّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ حِكايَةً عن أبي بكْرِ ابنِ عَيّاشٍ، عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَريفٍ الأسَدِيِّ قال: دَخَلَ عليٌّ -﵁- بَيتَ المالِ فأضرَطَ به (^٣) وقالَ: لا أُمسِي وفيكَ دِرهَمٌ. فأمَرَ رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي أسَدٍ فقَسَمَه إلَى اللَّيل، فقالَ النّاسُ: لَو عَوَّضتَه. فقالَ: إن شاءَ، ولَكِنَّه سُحتٌ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لا يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ أن يُعطى السُّحتَ، كما في يَحِلُّ لأحَدٍ أن يأخُذَه، ولا نُرَى عَليًّا -﵁- يُعطِي شَيئًا يَراه سُحتًا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢١٢.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم في (١٢٩٥٤، ١٢٩٦١، ١٣٣٠٧، ٢٠٤٦٧، ٢٠٤٦٨).\n(^٣) أضرط به: استخفَّ به. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٩/ ٢.\n(^٤) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٨٧١)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٧٨. وأخرجه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦٧٢)، وابن أبي شيبة (٧٨٢٢٥) عن أبي بكر بن عياش به.\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ١٧٨.","vol":"20","page":393},{"text":"قال الشيخ ﵀: إسنادُه ضَعيفٌ؛ موسَى بن طَريفٍ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^١).\nوقيلَ: عنه عن أبيه عن عليٍّ كما:\n\n٢٠٤٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن موسَى بنِ طَريفٍ، عن أبيه، أن عَليًّا -﵁- قَسَمَ شَيئًا فدَعا رَجُلًا يَحسُبُ فقيلَ: لَو أعطَيتَه شَيئًا. قال: إن شاءَ، وهو سُحتٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4263>بابُ ما لا يَحتَمِلُ القِسمَةَ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيلُ بن سُلَيمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ بنِ أبي عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إسحاقُ ابنُ يَحيَى بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِت، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ قال: إنَّ مِن قَضاءِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قَضَى أن لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مالك، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى\n_________\n(^١) هو موسى بن طريف الأسدى الكوفي. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٨٧، وضعفاء العقيلى ٤/ ١٥٨، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٤٨، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٧٤٢ - تفسير). وأخرجه مسدد -كما في المطالب العالية (٢٣٩٣) - وعبد الرزاق (١٤٥٣٩) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٩٩٩).","vol":"20","page":394},{"text":"المازِنِيّ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوّيناه في كِتابِ الصُّلحِ مَوصولًا (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا العباسُ الدُّورِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الأحوَصُ بن جَوّابٍ أبو الجَوّاب، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ الجُعفِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن مَولاةٍ له سَمِعَت أبا صِرمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن ضارَّ أضَرَّ اللهُ به، ومَن شاقَّ شقَّ اللهُ عَلَيه\" (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في \"القَديم\": وقَد رَوَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن صُدَيقِ بنِ موسَى. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِي:\n\n٢٠٤٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عمرٍو الرزازُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ الرِّياحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي صُدَيقُ بن موسَي، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ يَعنِي ابنَ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَعْضِيَةَ على أهلِ الميراثِ إلّا ما حَمَلَ القَسمَ\". يقولُ: لا يُبَعَّضُ على الوارِثَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٤٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحَسَنِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٤٩٦، ١٢٠٠٠).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٤٩٥).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٤٩٧).\n(^٤) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤٢٠٠، ٤٢٠١)، وفي المعرفة (٥٨٧٢). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٩ من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وأبو داود في المراسيل (٣٦٩) من طريق محمد بن أبي بكر به.","vol":"20","page":395},{"text":"الكارِزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ في حَديثِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَعضيَةَ في ميراثٍ إلّا ما حَمَلَ القَسمَ\". قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: حَدَّثَنيه حَجّاجٌ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن صُدَيقِ بنِ موسَي، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي بكَرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن أبيه رَفَعَه.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: \"لا تَعضيَةَ في ميراثٍ\". يَعنى: أن يَموتَ المَيِّتُ ويَدَعَ شَيئًا إن قُسِمَ بَينَ ورَثَتِه -إذا أرادَ بعضُهم القِسمَةَ- كان في ذَلِكَ ضَرَرٌ عَلَيهِم أو على بَعضهِم. يقولُ: فلا يُقسَمُ. والتَّعضيَةُ: التَّفريقُ، وهو مأخوذٌ مِنَ الإعضاءِ يُقالُ: عَضَّيتُ اللَّحمَ. إذا فرَّقتَه (^١).\nقال الزَّعفَرانِيُّ: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ في القَديمِ: ولا يَكونُ مِثلُ هذا الحديثِ حُجَّةٌ؛ لأنَّه ضَعيفٌ، وهو قَولُ مَن لَقِينا مِن فُقَهائنا (^٢).\nقال الشيخ ﵀: وإِنَّمَا ضَعَّفَه لانقِطاعِه، وهو قَولُ الكافَّةِ.\n\n٢٠٤٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن كَعبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عيسَي، عن ثَورٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَي، عن نُصَيرٍ مَولَى مُعاويَةَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن قِسمَةِ الضِّرارِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ ﵀: وهَذا مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ٧.\n(^٢) ينظر معرفة السنن عقب (٥٨٧٢).\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٧٠). وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٦٤٨٧) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به. ووقع عنده: \"سليم\". بدلًا من: \"سليمان بن موسى\".","vol":"20","page":396},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4264>جماعُ أبوابِ ما على القاضِي في الخُصومِ والشُّهودِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4265>بابُ إنصافِ القاضِي في الحُكم، وما يَجِبُ عَلَيه مِنَ العَدلِ فيه</span>\nلِما في الظُّلمِ مِن عَظيمِ الوِزْرِ وكَبيرِ الإثمِ.\n\n٢٠٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الظُّلمُ ظُلُماتٌ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ (^٢) مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عبد العَزيزِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بن عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا القَعنَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا داودُ بن قَيسٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ مِقسَمٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد الله، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اتَّقوا الظُّلمَ فإِنَّ الظُّلمَ ظُلُماتٌ يَومَ القيامَة، واتَّقوا الشُّحَّ فإِنَّ الشُحَّ أهلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم، حَمَلَهُم على أنَّ سَفَكوا دِماءَهُم واستَحَلُّوا\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٠٠٢)، ومن طريقه الترمذي (٢٠٣٠). وتقدم في (١١٦١١).\n(^٢) سقط من: الأصل، س، م. وينظر تحفة الأشراف ٥/ ٤٥٨.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٤٤٧)، ومسلم (٢٥٧٩/ ٥٧).","vol":"20","page":397},{"text":"مَحارِمَهُم\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن \"القَعنَبِيِّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٨١ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ ابنُ عثمانَ المُقرِئُ ببَغدادَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو قِلابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمرانُ القَطَّانُ، عن الشَّيبانِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي أوفَى قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن اللهَ مَعَ القاضِي ما لَم يَجُرْ، فإذا جارَ بَرِئَ اللهُ مِنه وألزَمَه الشَّيطانَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيَّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنِّي أُحَرِّجُ عَلَيكُم حَقَّ الضَّعيفَين؛ اليَتيم، والمَرأةِ\" (^٤).\nورَوَى عبدُ اللهِ بن عبد العَزيزِ العُمَرِيُّ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا، أنه لَمّا استَعمَلَ عَليًّا -﵁- على اليَمَنِ قال: \"قَدِّمِ الوَضيعَ قبلَ الشَّريف، وقَدِّمِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في الشعب (١٠٨٣٢). وتقدم تخريجه في (١١٦١٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٧٨/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٩٣، وصححه. وتقدم في (٢٠١٩٢).\n(^٤) الحاكم ١/ ٦٣، وصححه، وأحمد (٩٦٦٦). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٩١٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٧٨) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٢٩٦٧).","vol":"20","page":398},{"text":"الضَّعيفَ قبلَ القَوِيِّ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ المِصرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيمُ بن حَمّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن إدريسَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ ومِسعَرٌ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مِيناءَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ -﵁- وإِنَّ إحدَى إصبَعَيَّ لَفِي جُرحِه هذه أو هذه - وهو يقولُ: يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ، إنِّي لا أخافُ النَّاسَ عَلَيكُم، إنَّما أخافكُم على النّاس، إنِّي قَد تَرَكتُ فيكُم اثنَتَينِ لَن تَبرَحوا بخَيرٍ ما لَزِمتُموهُما؛ العَدلَ في الحُكمِ والعَدلَ في القَسْم، وإِنِّي قَد تَرَكتُكُم على مِثلِ مَخرَفَةِ النَّعَم (^٢) إلَّا أن يَعوَجَّ قَومٌ فيُعوَجَّ بهِم (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن عثمانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعاويَةُ بن حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن المُهَلَّبِ أبو كُدَينَةَ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: كان أبو عُبَيدَةَ ابنُ حُذَيفَةَ قاضيًا، فدَخَلَ عَلَيه رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأشرافِ وهو يَستَوقِدُ، فسألَه حاجَةً، فقال له ابنُ حُذَيفَةَ: أسألُكَ أن تُدخِلَ إصبَعَكَ في هذه النّارِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٩٢) من طريق عبد الله بن عبد العزيز العمرى به بزيادة: وقدم الرجال على النساء. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٣٣: هذا معضل.\n(^٢) أي: تركتكم على منهاج واضح كالجادّة التي كدتها النعم باخفافها حتى وضحت واستبانت. التاج ٩/ ٦٢ (خ ر ف).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣١١٢٨، ٣٨٠٦٣) عن عبد الله بن إدريس عن شعبة وحده به. وبحشل في تاريخ واسط ص ٥٦ من طريق شعبة وحده به.","vol":"20","page":399},{"text":"قال: سُبحانَ اللهِ! قال: أفَبَخِلتَ عليّ بإِصبَعٍ مِن أصابِعِكَ في هذه النَّار، وسألتَنى جِسمِي -أو قال: كُلَّه- في نارِ جَهَنَّمَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4266>بابُ إنصافِ الخَصمَيِن في المَدخَلِ عَلَيه، والاستِماعِ مِنهُما، والإنصاتِ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما حَتَّى تَنفَدَ حُجَّتُه، وحُسنِ الإقبالِ عَلَيهِما</span>\n\n٢٠٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ الرَّزاق، أنبأنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"النَّاسُ كالإبِلِ المِائَةِ لا يَجِدُ الرَّجُلُ فيها راحِلَة\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبد الرَّزَّاق، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٣).\nوهَذا الحَديثُ قَد يُتأوَّلُ على أنَّ النّاسَ في أحكامِ الدّينِ سَواءٌ، لا فضلَ فيها لِشَريفٍ على مَشروفٍ، ولا لِرَفيعٍ مِنهُم على وضيعٍ، كالإبِلِ المِائَةِ لا تَكونُ فيها راحِلَة، وهِي الذَّلولُ التي تُرحَلُ وتُركَبُ، وجاءَت فاعِلَةً بمَعنَى مَفعولَةٍ.\n\n٢٠٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن مَنيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن المُبارَك، حَدَّثَنَا مُصعَبُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شية (٣٦٤٨٤) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الآداب (٣١٢)، وفي الزهد الكبير (٢٠٨)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٤٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٦١٩)، والترمذي (٢٨٧٢)، وابن حبان (٦١٧٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٤٧/ ٢٣٢)، والبخاري (٦٤٩٨).","vol":"20","page":400},{"text":"ابنُ ثابِتٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن الخَصمَينِ (^١) يَقعُدانِ بَينَ يَدَي الحَكَمِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن العباسِ المُؤَدِّبُ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ أبو خَيثَمَةَ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو عبد الله، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ ابتُلِي بالقَضَاءِ بَينَ المسلِمينَ فليَعدِلْ بَينَهُم في لَحْظِه وإشارَتِه ومَقعَدِه\" (^٣).\nورَواه زَيدُ بن أبي الزَّرقاءِ عن عَبّادٍ عن أبي عبد اللهِ العَنزِيِّ بإِسنادِه، وقالَ: \"في إشارَتِه ولَحْظِه وكَلامِه\".\n\n٢٠٤٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بن إسماعيلَ المَحامِلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ أبي بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ، عن عَبّادِ ابنِ كَثيرٍ، عن أبي عبد الله، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ ابتُلِي بالقَضاءِ بَينَ النّاسِ فليَعدِلْ بَينَهُم في لَحْظِه وإِشارَتِه ومَقعَدِه\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"الخصمان\".\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الحاكم\".\nوالأثر عند المصنّف في الصغرى (٤١٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٦١٠٤) من طريق عبد الله بن المبارك به مطولًا. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٨٤ (٦٢٢) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٤) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٥.","vol":"20","page":401},{"text":"٢٠٤٨٩ - وبِه عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ ابتُلِي بالقَضَاءِ بَينَ النَّاسِ فلا يَرفَعَنَّ صَوتَه على أحَدِ الخَصمَينِ ما لا يَرفَعُ على الآخَرِ\" (^١).\nهذا إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ.\nوالاعتِمادُ على ما:\n\n٢٠٤٩٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ إملاءً وقِراءَةً، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى البَزَّازُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بن أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا وقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى: أمَّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ القَضاءَ فريضةٌ مُحكَمَةٌ وسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، افهَمْ إذا أُدلِي إلَيكَ، فإِنَّه لا تَنفَعُ كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ لا نَفاذَ له، آسِ بَينَ النّاسِ في وجهِكَ ومَجلِسِكَ وعَدلِكَ، حَتَّى لا يَطمَعَ شَريفٌ في حَيفِكَ، ولا يَخافَ ضَعيفٌ مِن جَورِكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ الله، عن يَزيدَ بنِ رُومانَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أبي موسَى -﵁-: إن النّاسَ يُؤَدّونَ إلَى الإِمامِ ما أدَّى الإمامُ إلَى الله، وإِنَّ الإمامَ إذا رَتَعَ رَتَعَتِ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٥. وأخرجه الطبراني ٢٣/ ٢٨٥ (٦٢٣) من طريق زهير به.\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤١٨١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٢/ ٧٢. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧، والخطب في الفقيه والمتفقه (٥٣٥)، وتاريخ بغداد ١٠/ ٤٤٩ من طريق سفيان ابن عيينة به.","vol":"20","page":402},{"text":"الرَّعيَّةُ، وإِنَّه يوشِكُ أن يَكونَ لِلنّاسِ نَفرَةٌ عن سُلطانِهِم، وإِنِّي أعوذُ باللَّهِ أن يُدرِكَنِي وإيّاكُم ضَغائنُ مَحمولَةٌ وأهواءٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ ودُنيا مُؤثَرَةٌ فأقيموا الحَقَّ ولَو ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن أبي رَواحَةَ يَزيدَ بنِ أيْهَمَ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁ - إلَى النّاسِ: اجعَلوا النّاسَ عِندَكُم في \"الحَقِّ سَواءً؛ قَريبُهُم كَبَعيدِهِم وبَعيدُهُم كَقَريبِهِم، وإيّاكُم والرِّشا والحُكمَ بالهَوَي، وأن تأخُذوا النَّاسَ عِندَ الغَضَب، فقوموا بالحَقِّ ولَو ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ.\n\n٢٠٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سَيّارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الشَّعبِيُّ قال: كان بَينَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وبَينَ أُبَيِّ ابنِ كَعبٍ -﵄- تَدارِي (^٢) في شَئٍ، وادَّعَى أُبَيٌّ على عُمَرَ -﵁- فأنكَرَ ذَلِكَ، فجَعَلا بَينَهُما زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ، فأتَياه في مَنزِلِه، فلَمّا دَخَلا عَلَيه قال له عُمَرُ -﵁- أتَيناكَ لِتَحكُمَ بَينَنا، وفِي بَيتِه يُؤتَى الحَكَمُ. فوَسَّعَ له زَيدٌ عن صَدرِ فِراشِه فقالَ: ها هنا يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: لَقَد جُرتَ في الفُتيا، ولَكِن\n_________\n(^١) لَمْ نجده بهذا الإسناد، وقد رواه أبو عبيد في الأموال (٦) بإسناده عن الحسن قال: كتب عمر إلى أبي موسى ... فذكره.\n(^٢) التدارى: أصله التدارؤ، تُرك الهمز، ونُقل إلى التشبيه بالتقاضى والتداعى. التاج ١/ ٢٢٥ (د ر أ).","vol":"20","page":403},{"text":"أجلِسُ مَعَ خَصمِي. فجَلَسا بَينَ يَدَيه، فادَّعَى أُبَيٌّ وأنكَرَ عُمَرُ -﵄-، فقالَ زَيدٌ لأُبَيٍّ: أعفِ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ مِنَ اليَمين، وما كُنتُ لأسألَها لأحَدٍ غَيرِه. فحَلَفَ عُمَرُ -﵁-، ثُمَّ أقسَمَ: لا يُدرِكُ زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ القَضاءَ حَتَّى يَكونَ عُمَرُ ورَجُلٌ مِن عُرضِ (^١) المُسلِمينَ عِندَه سَواءً (^٢).\n\n٢٠٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَش، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ قال: جاءَ ابنُ أبي عُصيفيرٍ إلَى شُرَيح يُخاصِمُ رَجُلًا فجَلَسَ مَعَه على الطِّنفِسَة، فقالَ له: قُمْ فاجلِسْ مَعَ خَصمِكَ، فإِنَّ مَجلِسَكَ يُريبُه. فغَضِبَ ابنُ أبي عُصيفيرٍ، فقالَ له شُرَيحٌ: قُمْ فاجلِسْ مَعَ خَصمِكَ، إنِّي لا أدَعُ النُّصرَةَ وأنا عَلَيها لَقادِرٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ الخَرازُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسيدُ بن زَيدٍ الجَمالُ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن شَمِرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ بن الخُراسانِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ بنِ أبي هارونَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو ابنُ شَمِرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: خَرَجَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ -﵁- إلَى\n_________\n(^١) عرض النّاس: عامتهم. ينظر تاج العروص ١٨/ ٤٠١ (ع ر ض).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٣١٩ من طريق المصنف به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ١٠٨، ١٠٩ من طريق هشيم به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٥٤٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ٢٣ من طريق المصنّف به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٩٤، ٢٩٥ عن سعدان بن نصر به.","vol":"20","page":404},{"text":"السَّوق، فإِذا هو بنَصرانِيٍّ يَبيعُ دِرعًا. قال: فعَرَفَ عليٌّ -﵁ - الدِّرعَ فقالَ: هذه دِرعِي، بَينِي وبَينَكَ قاضِي المُسلِمينَ. قال: وكانَ قاضِي المُسلِمينَ شُرَيحٌ، كان عليٌّ استَقضاه. قال: فلَمّا رأى شُرَيحٌ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ قامَ مِن مَجلِسِ القَضاءِ وأجلَسَ عَليًّا في مَجلِسِه، وجَلَسَ شُرَيحٌ قُدّامَه إلَى جَنبِ النَّصرانِيّ، فقالَ له عليٌّ -﵁-: أما يا شُرَيحُ لَو كان خَصمِي مُسلِمًا لَقَعَدتُ مَعَه مَجلِسَ الخَصم، ولَكِنِّيْ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تُصافِحوهُم، ولا تَبدَءوهُم بالسَّلام، ولا تَعودوا مَرضاهُم، ولا تُصَلُّوا عَلَيهِم، وألجِئوهُم إلَى مَضايِقِ الطُّرُق، وصَغِّروهُم كما صَغّرَهُمُ اللهُ\". اقضِ بَينِي وبَينَه يا شُرَيحُ. قال: فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: تَقولُ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ. قال: فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: هذه دِرعِي ذَهَبَت مِنِّي مُنذُ زَمانٍ. قال: فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: ما تَقولُ يا نَصرانِيُّ؟ قال: فقالَ النَّصرانِيُّ: ما أُكَذَبُ أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، الدِّرعُ هِي دِرعِي. قال: فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: ما أرَى أن تُخرَجَ مِن يَدِه، فهَل مِن بَيِّنَةٍ؟ فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: صَدَقَ شُرَيحٌ. قال: فقالَ النَّصرانِيُّ. أما أنا أشهَدُ أن هذه أحكامُ الأنبياءِ؛ أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ يَجِيءُ إلَى قاضِيه وقاضيه يَقضِي عَلَيه! هِي واللَّهِ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ دِرعُكَ، اتّبعتُك (^١) مِنَ الجَيشِ وقَد زالَت عن جَمَلِكَ الأورَقِ فأخَذتُها، فإِنِّي أشهَدُ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللهِ. قال: فقالَ عليٌّ -﵁-: أمّا إذ أسلَمتَ فهِي لَكَ. وحَمَلَه على فرَسٍ عَتيقٍ. قال: فقالَ الشَّعبِيُّ: لَقَد رأيتُه يُقاتِلُ المُشرِكينَ. هذا لَفظُ حَديثِ أبي زَكَريّا، وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: قال: يا شُرَيحُ لَولا أن خَصمِي\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"ابتعتك\".","vol":"20","page":405},{"text":"نصرانِيٌّ لَجَثَيتُ بَينَ يَدَيكَ. وقالَ في آخِرِه: قال: فوَهَبَها عليٌّ -﵁- له وفَرَضَ له ألفَين، وأُصيبَ مَعَه يَومَ صِفّينَ. والباقِي بمَعناه (^١).\nورُوِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ أيضًا ضعيفٍ عن الأَعْمَشِ عن إبراهيمَ التَّيمِيِّ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4267>بابٌ: القاضِي لا يَنهَرُ الخَصمَيِن</span>\n\n٢٠٤٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بن حَسَنِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هارونُ بن سعيدٍ الأيلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَرمَلَةُ المِصرِيُّ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ شُماسَةَ قال: أتَيتُ عائشةَ -﵂- أسألُها عن شَئٍ فقالَت: مِمَّن أنتَ؟ فقُلتُ: رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ مِصرَ. فقالَت: إنِّي أُخبِرُكَ ما سَمِعتُ مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ في بَيتِي هذا: \"اللَّهُمَّ مَن ولِي مِن أمرِ أُمَّتِي شَيئًا فشَقَّ عَلَيهِم فاشقُقْ عَلَيه، ومَن ولِي مِن أمرِ أُمَّتِي شَيئًا فرَفَقَ بهِم فارفُقْ به\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ الأيلِيِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٢٣/ ٢٣ من طريق المصنّف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو أحمد الحاكم -كما في التلخيص ٤/ ١٩٣ - وابن الجوزى في العلل المتناهية (١٤٦٠) من طريق الأعمش به. وفيه أن الخصم كان يهوديًّا. وقال ابن الجوزى: لا يصح. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٣٦: جابر الجعفى واهٍ، وابن شمر رافضي، تركه الدارقطني.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٦٢٢)، وابن حبان (٥٥٣) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم في (١٧٩٧٠، ١٧٩٧١).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٨٢٨/ ١٩).","vol":"20","page":406},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4268>بابٌ: القاضِي يَكُفُّ كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنَ الخَصمَيِن عن عِرضِ صاحِبِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَي، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الزُّبَير، عن جابِرٍ قال: اقتَتَلَ غُلامانِ غُلامٌ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ وغُلامٌ مِنَ الأنصار، فنادَى المُهاجِرِيُّ [يالَ المُهاجِرينَ! ونادَى الأنصارِيُّ: يالَ الأنصارِ] (^١)! فخَرَجَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- فقال: \"ما هذا، أدَعوَى الجاهِليَّةِ؟ \". قالوا: \"لا يا رسولَ الله، إلَّا أن غُلامَينِ اقتَتَلا فكَسَعَ (^٢) واحِدٌ مِنهُما الآخَرَ. قال: \"فلا بأسَ، وليَنصُرِ الرَّجُلُ أخاه ظالِمًا أو مَظلومًا، إن كان ظالِمًا فليَنهَه فإِنَّه له نَصرٌ\". أو كَلِمَةً نَحوَها: \"وإِنَّ كان مَظلومًا فليَنصُره\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4269>بابُ ما يقولُ القاضِي إذا جَلَسَ الخَصمانِ بَيَن يَدَيهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ عليٍّ الفقيهُ الفامِيُّ ببَغدادَ في مَسجِدِ الرُّصافَة، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل: \"يالَ المهاجرين ... يالَ الأنصار\" وكتب فوقه: \"كذا\"، وفي س، م: \"ياللمهاجرين ... ياللأنصار\". وقال النووي في تعليقه على رواية مسلم: \"في معظم الشيخ: \"يالَ\" بلام مفصولة في الموضعين، وفي بعضها: \"ياللمهاجرين\" و\"ياللأنصار\" بوصلها، وفي بعضها \"يآل المهاجرين\" بهمزة ثم لام مفصولة، واللام مفتوحة في الجميع، وهى لام الاستغاثة، والصحيح بلام موصولة، ومعناه: أدعو المهاجرين، وأستغيث بهم\". مسلم شرح النووي ١٦/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) أي: ضرب دبره وعجيزته بيدٍ أو رجل أو سيف وغيره. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ١٦/ ١٣٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٦٧)، والدارمى (٢٧٩٥) من طريقه زهير به. وعند الدارميُّ بدون ذكر القصة.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٨٤/ ٦٢).","vol":"20","page":407},{"text":"ابنُ عبد الله، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الوَليد، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه وائلِ بنِ حُجرٍ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فأتاه رَجُلانِ يَختَصِمانِ فقالَ أحَدُهُما: إنَّ هذا انتَزَى (^١) على أرضِي في الجاهِليَّةِ. وهو امرُؤُ القَيسِ بن عابِسٍ الكِندِيُّ وخَصمُه رَبيعَةُ، وقالَ الآخَرُ: هِي أرضِي أزرَعُها. قال: \"ألَكَ بَيِّينَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَكَ يَمينُهُ\". قال: إنَّه لَيسَ يُبالِي ما حَلَفَ عَلَيه. قال: \"لَيسَ لَكَ فيه إلَّا ذَلِكَ\". قال: فلَمَّا ذَهَبَ ليَحلِفَ قال: \"أما إنَّه إن حَلَفَ على مالِه ظُلمًا لَيَلقانَّ (^٢) اللهَ ﷿ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَبيعَةُ هو ابنُ عَيدانَ، بفَتحِ العَينِ وياءٍ مُعجَمَةٍ مِن تَحتِها بنُقطَتَين، وقيلَ: ابنُ عِبدانَ. بكَسرِ العَينِ وبِباءٍ مُعجَمَةٍ مِن تَحتِها بواحِدَةٍ.\n\n٢٠٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ بها، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بن أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَينُ بن عليٍّ الجُعفِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أي: غلب عيها واستولى. صحيح مسلم شرح النووي ٢/ ١٦١.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ليلقَيَنَّ\".\n(^٣) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤٣٧٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٨٦٣) من طريق أبي الوليد هشام بن عبد الملك به. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٩٠) من طريق أبي عوانة به. وسيأتي في (٢١٢٨٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٤).","vol":"20","page":408},{"text":"زائدةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حَنَشٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا تَقاضَى إلَيكَ رَجُلانِ فلا تَقضِ لِلأوَّلِ حَتَّى تَسمَعَ كَلامَ الآخَرَ، فسَوفَ تَرَى كَيفَ تَقضِي\". قال: فما زِلتُ بَعدُ قاضيًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4270>بابٌ: لا يَنبَغِي لِلقاضِي أن يُضيفَ الخَصمَ إلّا وخَصمُه مَعَه</span>\nلِما مَضَى مِنَ الأمرِ بالتَّسويَةِ بَينَهُما.\nورُوِي فيه أثَرٌ بإِسنادٍ فيه ضَعفٌ:\n\n٢٠٥٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرّوذبارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بن أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ بشرٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: نَزَلَ على عليٍّ رَجُلٌ وهو بالكوفَة، ثُمَّ قَدَّمَ خَصمًا له، فقالَ له عليٌّ: أخَصمٌ أنتَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فتَحَوّلْ؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهانا أن نُضيفَ الخَصمَ إلّا ومَعَه خَصمُه (^٢).\nتابَعَه أبو مُعاويَةَ وغَيرُه عن إسماعيلَ هَكَذا بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٠١ - وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٠)، والترمذي (١٣٣١) وحسنه، وعبد الله بن أحمد في زوائد المسند (١٢٨٥) من طريق حسين الجعفى به. وأبو داود (٣٥٨٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٤٢٠) من طريق سماك به مطولًا. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٩١)، وإسحاق بن راهويه -كما في المطالب العالية (٢٣٨٠) - من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) لَمْ أجده من طريق أبي معاوية، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في مصنفه (١٥٢٩١) من طريق إسماعيل بن مسلم به. وإسحاق بن راهويه -كما في إتحاف الخيرة (٤٩٠٨)، من طريق محمد بن الفضل به.","vol":"20","page":409},{"text":"الشُّرَيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن بَكَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيسُ بن الرَّبيع، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: حَدَّثَنَا رَجُلٌ نَزَلَ على عليٍّ بالكوفَةِ فأقامَ عِندَه أيَّامًا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ خُصومَةً له، فقالَ له عليٌّ -﵁ -: تُحَوَّلْ عن مَنزِلى؛ فإِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى أن يُنزَلَ الخَصمُ إلَّا وخَصمُه مَعَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٠٢ - وقَرأتُ في \"كتاب ابن خزيمة\": عن موسَى بنِ سَهلٍ الرَّملِيّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ الرَّملِيّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ غُصنٍ، عن داودَ بنِ أبي هِندٍ، عن أبي حَربِ ابنِ أبي (^٢) الأسوَدِ الدِّيلِيّ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ قال: كان النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لا يُضيفُ الخَصمَ إلَّا وخَصمُه مَعَه (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4271>بابٌ: لا يَقبَلُ مِنه هَديَّةً</span>\n\n٢٠٥٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ الأنصارِيِّ ثُمَّ السَّاعِدِيِّ أنَّه أخبَرَه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- استَعمَلَ عامِلًا على الصَّدَقَة، فجاءَه العامِلُ حينَ فرَغَ مِن عَمَلِه فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، هذا الَّذِي لَكُم وهَذا الَّذِي أُهدِي لِي. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فهَلَّا قَعَدتَ في بَيتِ أبيكَ وأُمِّكَ فنَظَرتَ أيُهدَى لَكَ أم لا؟ \". ثُمَّ قامَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- عَشيَّةً على المِنبَرِ بعدَ الصَّلاةِ فتَشَهَّدَ وأثنَى\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٠٩٥).\n(^٢) سقط من: م. وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٢٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٣٩٢٢) من طريق موسى بن سهل الرملى به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٣٨: القاسم ضعَّفه أبو حاتم.","vol":"20","page":410},{"text":"على اللهِ بما هو أهلُه ثُمَّ قال: \"أمَّا بَعدُ، فما بالُ العامِلِ نَستَعمِلُه فيأتينا فيَقولُ: هذا مِن عَمَلِكُم وهَذا الَّذِي أُهدِي لِي؟! فهَلَّا قَعَدَ في بَيتِ أبيه وأُمِّه فنَظَرَ هَل يُهدَى له أم لا؟ والَّذِي نَفسُ محمدٍ بيَدِه، لا يَقبَلُ أحَدٌ مِنكُم مِنها شَيئًا إلَّا جاءَ به يَومَ القيامَةِ يَحمِلُه على عُنُقِه؛ إن كان بَعيرًا جاءَ به له رُغاءٌ، وإِنَّ كانَت بَقَرَةً جاءَ بها ولَها خُوارٌ، وإِن كانَت شاةً جاءَ بها تَيعَرُ، فقَد بَلَّغتُ\". قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: ثُمَّ رَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- يَدَيه حَتَّى إنَّنا لَنَنظُرُ إلَى عُفرَةِ إبْطَيه. قال أبو حُمَيدٍ: قَد سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مَعِي مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ، فسَلوه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينيُّ، أنبأنا أبوأحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو مَعمَرٍ وداوُدُ بن رُشَيدٍ قالا: حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن أبي حُمَيدٍ السّاعِدِيِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَدايا الأُمَراءِ غُلولٌ\" (^٣)\n\n٢٠٥٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ ابنُ عمرِو بنِ البَختَرِيّ، حَدَّثَنَا عباسُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إسماعيلُ بن أبي خالِدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ عَمِيرَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٣٩، ٧٧٤٠، ١٣٣٠٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٦٣٦).\n(^٣) ابن عبدي في الكامل ١/ ٢٩٥. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٠٧٣) من طريق أبي معمر به. وأحمد (٢٣٦٠١)، والبزار (٣٧٢٣) من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وعند أحمد والبزار بلفظ: \"هدايا العمال غلول\". وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٣٨: إسماعيل عن غير الشاميين ضعف.","vol":"20","page":411},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يا أيُّها النَّاسُ مَن عَمِلَ لَنا على عَمَل فكَتَمَنا مِخيَطًا فهو يأتِي به يَومَ القيامَةِ\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ كأنِّي أَراه، فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، اقبَل (^١) عَنِّي عَمَلَكَ. قال: \"وما لَكَ؟ \" قال: سَمِعتُكَ تَقولُ الَّذِي قُلتَ. قال: \"وأنا أقولُه الآنَ، مَنِ استَعمَلناه على عَمَلٍ فليَجِئْ بقَليلِه وكَثيرِه، فما أوتِي مِنه أخَذَ، وما نُهِي عنه انتَهَى\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبوأُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن موسَي، حَدَّثَنَا أبو زيادٍ الفُقَيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو حَريزٍ، أن رَجُلًا كان يُهدِي إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- كُلّ سنةٍ فخِذَ جَزورٍ. قال: فجاءَ يُخاصِمُ إلَى عُمَر -﵁-، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، اقضِ بَينَنا قَضاءً فصلًا كما تُفصَلُ الفَخِذُ مِنَ الجَزورِ. قال: فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَى عُمَّالِه: لا تَقبَلوا الهَدية (^٤)؛ فإِنَّها رِشوَةٌ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عليٍّ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن أصبَغَ بنِ الفَرَجِ المِصرِيُّ، أنبأنا أبي، أخبرَنِي\n_________\n(^١) في س: \"أقل\". واقبل عنى عملك. أي: أقِلْنى منه. عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٢٧.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٧٧٣٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٣٣).\n(^٤) في م: \"الهدى\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا (٣١٢) -ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٤/ ٣٢٠، ٣٢١ - من طريق أبي زياد الفقيمى به.","vol":"20","page":412},{"text":"عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن القاسِم، حَدَّثَنَا مالكٌ قال: أهدَى رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وكانَ مِن عُمّالِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ- نُمرُقَتَينِ لإِمرأةِ عُمَرَ، فدَخَلَ عُمَرُ فرآهُما فقالَ: مِن أينَ لَكَ هاتَين، أشتَرَيتِهِما (^١)؟ أخبِرينِي ولا تكذِبينِي. قالَت: بَعَثَ بهِما إلَيَّ فُلانٌ. فقالَ: قاتَلَ اللهُ فُلانًا؛ إذا أرادَ حاجَةً فلَم يَستَطِعْها مِن قِبَلِي أتانِي مِن قِبَلِ أهلِي. فاجتَبَذَهُما اجتِبَاذَا شَديدًا مِن تَحتِ مَن كان عَلَيهِما جالِسًا، فخَرَجَ يَحمِلُهُما، فتَبِعَته جاريَتُها فقالَت: إنَّ صوفَهُما لَنا. ففَتَقَهُما وطَوَحَ إلَيها الصُّوفَ وخَرَجَ بهِما، فأعطَى إحداهُما امرأةً مِنَ المُهاجِرات، وأعطَى الأُخرَى امرأةً مِنَ الأنصارِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4272>بابُ التَّشديد في أخذِ الرِّشوَةِ وفِي إعطائها على إبطَالِ حَقٍّ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابنُ أبي ذِئبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي خالِي الحارِثُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن أبي سلمةَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: لَعَنَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- الرَّاشِي والمُرتَشِي (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا عُمَرُ بن حَفصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، والمهذب ٨/ ٤١٣٦: \"اشتريتها\". وفي ص ١٠: \"اشتريتيها\". وضبب في الأصل على \"هاتين\". مع \"أشتريتها\".\n(^٢) الطيالسي (٢٣٩٠)، ومن طريقه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٤٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٥٣٢، ٦٧٧٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٠)، والترمذي (١٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٣)، وابن حبان (٥٠٧٧) من طرق عن ابن أبي ذئب به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٥٥).","vol":"20","page":413},{"text":"سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألتُ عبدَ اللهِ -يَعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ- عن السُّحتِ فقالَ: الرِّشا. وسألتُه عن الجَورِ في الحُكمِ فقالَ: ذَلِكَ الكُفرُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي قالا: حَدَّثَنَا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن مَزوقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَكَيُّ بن إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا فِطرُ بن خَليفَةَ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ المُعتَمِر، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سُئلَ عبدُ اللهِ عن السُّحتِ فقالَ: هِي الرِّشا. فقالَ: في الحُكمِ؟ فقالَ عبدُ اللهِ: ذَلِكَ الكُفرُ. وتَلا هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ (^٢) [المائدة: ٤٤].\n\n٢٠٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ (^٣)، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبي الجَعد، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ مَسعودٍ عن السُّحت، أهو رِشوَةٌ في الحُكمِ؟ قال: لا، ومَن لَم يَحكُمْ بما أنزَلَ اللهُ فأولَئكَ هُمُ الكافِرونَ والظَّالِمونَ والفاسِقونَ، ولَكِنَّ السُّحتَ أن يَستَعينَكَ رَجُلٌ على مَظلِمَةٍ فيُهدِي لَكَ فتَقبَلَه، فذَلِكَ السُّحتُ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم -كما في الإتحاف عقب (٦٧٢١). وأخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (٢١٠٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) الحاكم - كما في الإتحاف عقب (٦٧٢١). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٢٦٦) من طريق فطر بن خليفة به.\n(^٣) الدهنى: ضبطها في الأصل بفتح الهاء وإسكانها. وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٥١٧. وتقدم في (١٠٣٨٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (٢١٠٢) من طريق عمار الدهنى به بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":414},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4273>بابُ مَن أعطاها ليَدفَعَ بها عن نَفسِه أو مالِه ظُلمًا أو يأخُد بها حَقًّا</span>\n\n٢٠٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدُ بن المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانِيُّ وكانَ مِنَ الخِيارِ قال: حَدَّثَنَا وكيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو العُمَيس، عن القاسِم بنِ عبد الرَّحمَن، عن ابن مَسعودٍ أنه لَمّا أتَى أرضَ الحَبَشَةِ أُخِذَ بشَئٍ فتُعُلِّقَ به، فأعطَى دينارَينِ حَتَّى خُلِّي سَبيلُه (^١).\n\n٢٠٥١٣ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ الفَضل، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعقوبُ ابنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، عن محمدِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبيه، عن وهبِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: لَيسَتِ الرِّشوَةُ التي يأثَمُ فيها صاحِبُها بأن يَرشوَ فيَدفَعَ عن مالِه ودَمِه، إنَّما الرِّشوَةُ التي تأثَمُ فيها أن تَرشوَ لِتُعطَى ما لَيسَ لَكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4274>بابٌ: القاضِي يُقَدِّمُ النّاسَ الأوَّلَ فالأوَّلَ</span>\nفلِلأوَّلِ حَقُّ السَّبق، وللسَّبقِ (^٣) أصل في الشَّريعَةِ.\nورُوّينا عن عائشةَ -﵂- عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"مِنًى مُناخُ (^٤) مَن سَبَقَ\" (^٥).\nوعن أسمَرَ بنِ مُضَرِّسٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن سَبَقَ إلَى ما لَم يَسبِقْه إلَيه مسلِمٌ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٥٩، ٤٦٠. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٣٠٢) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٤٦٠.\n(^٣) في م: \"السبق\".\n(^٤) المناخ: موضع إناخة الإبل. تحفة الأحوذى ٢/ ٩٩.\n(^٥) تقدم في (٩٦٩٣).","vol":"20","page":415},{"text":"فهو له\" (^١). يُريدُ به إحياءَ المَواتِ.\n\n٢٠٥١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمَّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حَدَّثَنَا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حَدَّثَنَا أبو اليَمان، أنبأنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيَّ، حَدَّثَنِي سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّب، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يَدخُلُ الجَنةَ مِن أُمَّتِي زُمرَةٌ هِي سَبعونَ ألفًا، تُضِيءُ وُجوهُهُم إضاءَةَ القَمَرِ\". فقامَ عُكّاشةُ بن مِحْصَنٍ الأسَدِيُّ يَرفَعُ نَمِرَةً عَلَيه، فقالَ: ادعُ لِي يا رسولَ اللهِ أن يَجعَلَنِي مِنهُم. فقالَ: \"اللَّهُمَّ اجعَلْه مِنهُم\". ثُمَّ قامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ الله، ادعُ اللهَ أن يَجعَلَنِي مِنهُم. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"سَبقَكَ بها عُكّاشَةُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4275>بابُ مَن دُعِي إلَى حُكمِ حاكِمٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَإِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ﴾ [النور: ٤٨].\n\n٢٠٥١٥ - وفيما أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو الحُسَينِ الدّاوُدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو عليٍّ اللُؤلُؤِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسلِمُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (١١٨٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٠٢) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٥٨١١).\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٥٤٢)، ومسلم (٢١٦/ ٣٦٩).","vol":"20","page":416},{"text":"ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعفَرُ بن حَيّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-:\n\"مَن دُعِي إلَى حَكَمٍ مِنَ الحُكّامِ فلَم يُجِب\" (^١) فهو ظالِمٌ\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4276>بابٌ: القاضِي لا يَقبَلُ شَهادَةَ الشَّاهِدِ إلّا بمَحضَرٍ مِنَ الخَصمِ المَشهودِ عَلَيه، ولا يَقضِي على الغائبِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الحُسَينُ بن محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ ابنُ عُمَرَ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ شَوذَبٍ الواسِطيُّ بها، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيبُ بن أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الأنصارِيُّ، عن حاتِمِ بنِ أبي صغيرَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِر، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَن، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، تَبعَثُنِي إلَى قَومٍ أقضى بَينَهُم وأنا حَديثُ السِّنِّ لا عِلمَ لِي بالقَضاءِ؟ فقالَ لِي: \"يا عليُّ، إذا أتاك أحَدُ الخَصمَينِ فسَمِعتَ مِنه، فلا تَقضِ له حَتَّى تَستَمِعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ كما سَمِعتَ مِنَ الأوَّل؛ فإِنَّه يَتَبَيَّنُ لَكَ القَضاءُ\". قال: فما زِلتُ قاضيًا (^٣). كَذا في رِوايَةِ حاتِمِ بنِ أبي صغيرَةَ.\n\n٢٠٥١٧ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ في كِتاب \"السنن\" لأبِي داودَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بن داسَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا عمرُو بن عَونٍ، أنبأنا شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حَنَشٍ، عن عليٍّ قال: بَعَثَنِي رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ قاضيًا، فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، تُرسِلُنِي وأنا حَديثُ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"يحب\".\n(^٢) المراسيل (٣٦٩).\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٠١٧٨).","vol":"20","page":417},{"text":"السِّنِّ ولا عِلمَ لِي بالقَضاءِ؟ فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه سَيَهدِي قَلبَكَ ويُثَبِّتُ لِسانَكَ، فإِذا جَلَسَ بَينَ يَدَيكَ الخَصمانِ فلا تَقضيَنَّ حَتَّى تَسمَعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ كما سَمِعتَ مِنَ الأَوَّل؛ فإِنَّه أحرَى أن يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ القَضَاءُ\". قال: فما زِلتُ قاضيًا. أو: ما شَكَكتُ في قَضاءٍ بَعدُ (^١).\nوهَذا يَتَناوَلُ المَوضِعَ الَّذِي يَحضُرُه الخَصمانِ جَميعًا، وبِمَعناه رَواه غَيرُ شَريكٍ:\n\n٢٠٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو داودَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَريكٌ وزائَدِةُ وسُلَيمانُ بن مُعاذٍ قالوا: حَدَّثَنَا سِماكُ بن حَربٍ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ المُعتَمِر، عن عليٍّ قال: لَمّا بَعَثَنى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى اليَمَنِ قُلتُ: تَبعَثُنِي وأنا حَديثُ السِّنِّ لا عِلمَ لِي بكَثيرٍ مِنَ القَضاءِ؟ فقالَ لي: \"إذا أتاكَ الخَصمانِ فلا تَقضِ لِلأَوَّلِ حَتّى تَسمَعَ ما يقولُ الآخَرُ؛ فإِنَّكَ إذا سَمِعتَ ما يقولُ الآخَرُ عَرَفتَ كيفَ تَقضِي، إنَّ اللَّهَ سَيُثَبِّتُ لِسانَكَ ويَهدِي قَلبَكَ\". قال عليٌّ -﵁-: فما زِلتُ قاضيًا بَعدُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4277>بابُ مَن أجازَ القَضاءَ على الغائبِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بن أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سفيانُ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنّف في المعرفة (٥٨٧٤)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٢). وتقدم في (٢٠١٧٨).\n(^٢) المصنّف في الصغرى (٤١٧٧)، والطيالسى (١٢٧).","vol":"20","page":418},{"text":"عن هِشامٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عليُّ بن عيسَى بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ وإِبراهيمُ بن عليٍّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: جاءَت هِندُ أمُّ مُعاويَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ، وإنَّه لا يُعطينِي ما يَكفينِي ووَلَدِي إلا ما أخَذتُ مِنه وهو لا يَعلَمُ، فهَل عليّ في ذَلِكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ فقالَ لها النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"خُذِي ما يَكفيكِ وبَنيكِ بالمَعروفِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عبد العَزيزِ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبوأحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكَرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ دُلافٍ (^٣)، عن أبيه، أن رَجُلًا مِن جُهَينَةَ كان يَشتَرِي الرَّواحِلَ فيُغالِي بها، ثُمَّ يُسرعُ السَّيرَ فيَسبِقُ الحاجَّ فأفلَسَ، فرُفِعَ أمرُه إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالَ: أمّا بَعدُ، أيُّها النّاسُ، فإِنَّ الأُسَيفِعَ أُسَيفِعَ جُهَينَةَ رَضى مِن دينِه وأمانَتِه أن يُقالَ: سَبَقَ الحاجَّ. ألا إنَّه قَدِ ادّانَ مُعرِضًا، فأصبَحَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩٤)، والطبراني ٢٥/ ٧١ (١٧٢). وتقدم في (١٥٧٨٧، ١٥٨٢٩). وسيأتي في (٢١٣٣٧، ٢١٣٣٨).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٢١١)، ومسلم (١٧١٤) عقب (٧).\n(^٣) ضبطه في الأصل بفتح الدال وكسرها، وكتب في الحاشية ما لفظه: \"قلت: الأكثر فتح الدال من \"دلاف\"، ومنهم من كسرها، والله أعلم\". اهـ. وتقدم في (١١٣٧٤) أنه ضبط بضم الدال بخط المصنف.","vol":"20","page":419},{"text":"قَد ريِنَ به، فمَن كان له عَلَيه دَينٌ فليأتِنا بالغَداةِ نَقسِمُ مالَه بَينَ غُرَمائهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4278>بابُ ما يُفعَلُ بشاهِدِ الزّورِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٢١ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أنبأنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: أُتِي عُمَرُ بشاهِدِ زورٍ، فوَقَفَه لِلنّاسِ يَومًا إلَى اللَّيل، يقولُ: هذا فُلانٌ شهِدَ (^٢) بزورٍ فاعرِفوه. ثُمَّ حَبَسَه (^٣).\nورَواه أبو الرَّبيعِ عن شَريكٍ عن عاصِمٍ، وزادَ فيه: فجَلَدَه وأقامَه لِلنّاسِ.\n\n٢٠٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي مَريَمَ، حدثنا عمرُو بن أبي سلمةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطاءُ بن عَجلانَ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه ظَهَرَ على شاهِدِ زورٍ، فضَرَبَه أحَدَ عَشَرَ سَوطًا، ثُمَّ قال: لا تأسِروا النّاسَ بشُهودِ الزّورِ؛ فإِنّا لا نَقبَلُ مِنَ الشُّهودِ إلا العَدلَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٣٧٤).\n(^٢) في م: \"يشهد\".\n(^٣) البغوي في الجعديات (٢٢٨٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٨٨)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٨٠) عن عاصم بن عبيد الله به بمعناه.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٢: عطاء هذا تركوه.","vol":"20","page":420},{"text":"أبي بكرٍ، عن مَكحولٍ وعَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- ضَرَبَ شاهِدَ الزّورِ أربَعينَ سَوطًا، وسَخَّمَ (^١) وجهَه، وطافَ به بالمَدينَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٢٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن حَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن مَكحولٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كَتَبَ إلَى عُمّالِه في كُورِ الشّامِ في شاهِدِ الزّورِ أن يُجلَدَ أربَعينَ، ويُحلَقَ رأسُه، ويُسَخَّمَ وجهُه ويُطافَ به، ويُطالَ حَبسُه (^٣).\nهاتانِ الرِّوايَتانِ ضَعيفَتانِ ومُنقَطِعَتان، والرِّوايَتانِ الأوَّلَتانِ مَوصولَتان، إلا أن في كُلِّ واحِدَةٍ مِنهُما مَن لا يُحتَجُّ به، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا في كِتابِ الحُدودِ الحديثَ الثّابِتَ عن أبي بُردَةَ ابنِ نيارٍ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يُجلَدُ فوقَ عَشرِ جَلَداتٍ إلا في حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ\" (^٤). والأخذُ به أولَى، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٠٥٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يامينَ قال: سَمِعتُ عليّ بنَ حُسَينٍ يقولُ: كان عليٌّ إذإ أخَذَ شاهِدَ زورٍ بَعَثَ به إلَى عَشيرَتِه فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) في نسخة المصنف: \"وسحَّم\". بالحاء المهملة. وسخم وجهه: سوّده. والحاء لغة فيه. ينظر التاج ٣٢/ ٣٥٥ (س خ م).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٩٦) من طريق مكحول به مقتصرًا على الضرب. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٢: وهذا مع انقطاعه ضعيف.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٩٢) من طريق حجاج عن مكحول عن الوليد بن أبي مالك أن عمر ...\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٦٥٠، ١٧٦٥١).","vol":"20","page":421},{"text":"إنَّ هذا شاهِدُ زورٍ فاعرِفوه وعَرِّفوه. ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبيلَه. قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: قُلتُ لِعَلِيِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ: هَل كان فيه ضَربٌ؟ قال: لا (^١). وهَذا أيضًا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٢٠٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن جَعدِ بنِ ذَكوانَ قال: أُتِي شُرَيحٌ بشاهِدِ زورٍ، فنَزَعَ عِمامَتَه وخَفَقَه خَفَقاتٍ، وعَرَّفَه أهلَ المَسجِدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٢٧ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، أن شُرَيحًا كان يُؤتَى بشاهِدِ الزّور، فيَطوفُ به في اْهلِ مَسجِدِه وسوقِه، فيَقولُ: إنّا قَد زَيَّفنا شَهادَةَ هَذا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4279>بابُ مَن قال: لِلقاضِي أن يَقضِي بعِلمِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليد، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ المَروَزِيُّ وجَعفَرُ بن أحمدَ بنِ نَصرٍ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بن حُجرٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مُسهِرٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَت هِندُ بنتُ عُتبَةَ امرأةُ أبي سُفيانَ على رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ، لا يُعطينِي مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ ما يَكفينِي\n_________\n(^١) عزاه في الكنز (١٧٨٠٤) إلى المصنف وحده.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٩١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٨٣)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٠٩ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٨١)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٨٨ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":422},{"text":"ويَكفِي بَنِيَّ، إلا ما أخَذتُ مِن مالِه بغَيرِ عِلمِه، فهَل عليّ مِن ذَلِكَ جُناحٌ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذِي بالمَعروفِ ما يَكفيكِ ويَكفِي بَنيكِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليِّ بنِ حُجرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عبدُ المَلِكِ أبو جَعفَرٍ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن سَعدِ بنِ الأطوَل، أن أخاه ماتَ وتَرَكَ ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ وتَرَكَ عيالًا. قال: فأرَدتُ أن أُنفِقَها على عيالِه. قال: فقالَ لي النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- \"إنَّ أخاكَ مَحبوسٌ بدَينِه، فاقضِ عنه\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، قَد قَضَيتُ عنه إلا دينارَينِ ادَّعَتهُما امرأةٌ ولَيسَت لها بَيِّنَةٌ. قال: \"أعطِها؛ فإِنَّها مُحِقَّةٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عَفّانَ. وفِي رِوايَةِ عبد الواحِدِ: \"أعطِها؛ فإِنَّها صادِقَةٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٣٠ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بن غِياثٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن سعيدٍ الجُرَيرِيّ، عن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- بمِثلِه إلا أنه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو الفضل الزهري في حدثه (٧) من طريق علي بن مسهر به، وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٧٨٧، ١٥٨٢٩، ٢٠٥١٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٤/ ٧)، والبخاري (٥٣٦٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٧٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٤٣٣) من طريق عفان به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (١٩٧٣).","vol":"20","page":423},{"text":"لَم يُسَمِّ كَم تُرِكَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها أخبَرَته أن فاطِمَةَ بنتَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أرسَلَت إلَى أبي بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- تَسألُه ميراثَها مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، مِمّا أفاءَ اللهُ بالمَدينَةِ وفَدَكَ وما بَقِي مِن خُمُسِ خَيبَرَ، قال أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا نورَثُ، ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقَةٌ، إنَّما يأكُلُ آلُ محمدٍ في هذا المالِ\". وإِنِّي واللهِ لا أُغَيِّرُ شَيئًا مِن صَدَقَةِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن حالِها التي كانَت عَلَيه في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ولأعمَلَنَّ فيها بما عَمِلَ به رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وأبَى أبو بكرٍ أن يَدفَعَ إلَى فاطِمَةَ مِنها شَيئًا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4280>بابُ مَن قال: لَيسَ لِلقاضِي أن يَقضِي بعِلمِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ يَعنى ابنَ مَسلَمَةَ، عن مالكٍ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٧٧)، والبخاري في التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٤٥ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٢٨٦٠ - ١٢٨٦٢، ١٣٥٢٩).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٢٤٠)، ومسلم (١٧٥٩/ ٥٢).","vol":"20","page":424},{"text":"\"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنَّكُم تَختَصِمونَ إلَيَّ، ولَعَلَّ بَعضَكُم أن يَكونَ ألحَنَ بحُجَّتِه مِن بَعضٍ فأقضِي نَحوَ ما أسمَعُ، فمَن قَضَيتُ له بحَقِّ أخيه شَيئًا فلا يأخُذْه؛ فإِنَّما أقطَع له قِطعَةً مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ (^٢) أخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\nوهَذا فيما لَم يَقَعْ له به عِلمٌ مِن قَبلُ.\n\n٢٠٥٣٣ - فقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي (ح) وأخبَرَنِي أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، أخبرَى عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، أن زَينَبَ بنتَ أبي سلمةَ -وأُمُّها أُمُّ سلمةَ زَوجُ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَته أن أُمَّها أُمَّ سلمةَ قالَت: سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- جَلَبَةَ (^٤) خِصامٍ عِندَ بابِه فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم فقالَ: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنَّه يأتينِي الخَصمُ، فلَعَلَّ بَعضَهُم أن يَكونَ أبلَغَ مِن بَعضٍ فأقضِي له بذَلِكَ، وأحسِبُ أنَّه صادِقٌ، فمَن قَضَيتُ له بحَقِّ مُسلِمٍ، فإِنَّما هو قِطعَةٌ مِنَ النّار، فليأخُذْهما أو لِيَدَعْها\" (^٥). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٧١٩،، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٠٧٠). وأحرجه أحمد (٢٥٦٧٠)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٣)، والترمذي (١٣٣٩)، والنسائي (٥٤١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٧) من طرق عن هشام بن عروة به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٥٦١، ٢٠٥٦٤).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"وجه\".\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٦٨٠، ٧١٦٩)، ومسلم (٤/ ١٧١٣).\n(^٤) الجلبة: اختلاط الأصوات. فتح الباري ١٣/ ١٧٣.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٢٦)، والطبراني ٢٣/ ٣٨٠ (٩٠٢) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"20","page":425},{"text":"أبي اليَمان، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الزُّهرِيِّ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٣٤ - أخبرَنا الفقيهُ أبو القاسِمِ عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ الفامِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ النَّجّادُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَص، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ ورَجُلٌ مِن كِندَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ الحَضرَمِيُّ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ هذا قَد غَلَبَنى على أرضٍ قَد كانَت لأبِي. فقالَ الكِندِيُّ: هِي أرضِي في يَدِي أزرَعُها، لَيسَ له فيها حَقٌّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلحَضرَمِيِّ: \"ألَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَكَ يَمينُه\". قال: يا نَبِيَّ الله، إنَّه لَيسَ يُبالِي ما حَلَفَ عَلَيه، لَيسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ عن شَئٍ. قاد: \"لَيسَ لَكَ إلا ذَلِكَ\". قال: فانطَلَقَ به ليُحلِفَه، فقالَ رسولُ الله -ﷺ- لَمّا أدبَرَ: \"أما لَئن حَلَفَ على مالٍ ليأخُذَه ظُلمًا، فلَيَلقَيَنَّ اللهَ يَومَ القيامَةِ وهو عنه مُعرِضٌ\" (^٢).\nهَكَذا وجَدتُه في كِتابِي، وكَذَلِكَ وجَدتُه في كِتابِ مُسلِمٍ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وزُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن أبي الوَليد، عن أبي عَوانَةَ، عن عبد المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٧١٨٥)، ومسلم (١٧١٣/ ٥، ٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه البزار في مسنده (٤٤٧٦)، والطبراني ٢٢/ ١٤، ١٥ (١٧) من طريق عاصم بن علي به. وأبو داود (٣٢٤٥، ٣٦٢٦)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٤٨ من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٤٦، ٢١٢٥٢) وعقب (٢١٢٦١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٤).","vol":"20","page":426},{"text":"ورَواه عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ (^١) ومُحَمَّدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ أبي الحُنَينِ (^٢) وأبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ الكَجِّيُّ (^٣) وغَيرُهُم عن أبي الوَليد، فقالوا في الحديث: \"لَيسَ لَكَ مِنه إلا ذَلِكَ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ وغَيرُه عن أبي الأحوَصِ: \"لَيسَ لَكَ مِنه إلا ذَلِكَ\" (^٤).\nوهَذا لا يَنفِي الحُكمَ بالعِلم، وإِنَّما يَنفِي أن يَكونَ له مِن جِهَةِ المُدَّعَى عَلَيه شَيءٌ غَيرُ اليَمين، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبي ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ قال: قال أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁-: لَو وجَدتُ رَجُلًا على حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ اللهِ لَم أحُدَّه أنا، ولَم أدعُ له أحَدًا حَتَّى يَكونَ مَعِي غَيرِي (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٣٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن عبد الكَريم، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ: أرأيتَ لَو رأيتُ رَجُلًا قَتَلَ\n_________\n(^١) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢١٢٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٨٢) من طريق محمد بن الحسين به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (٢٠٤٩٨).\n(^٤) سيأتي مسندًا في (٢٠٧٤٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه الخرائطى في مكارم الأخلاق ٢/ ٨٨٦ (٥٤٧) من طريق الزهري عن زيد بن الصلت أن أبا بكر ...","vol":"20","page":427},{"text":"أو سَرَقَ أو زَنَى؟ قال: أَرَى شَهادَتَكَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. قال: أصَبتَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٣٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، عن جَعفَرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليٍّ -﵁- قال: لا أكونُ أنا أوَّلَ الأربَعَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٣٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِي ابنُ شُبرُمَةَ قال: سألتُ الشَّعبِيَّ عن رَجُلٍ كانَت عِندَه شَهادَةٌ فجُعِلَ قاضيًا، فقالَ: أُتِي شُرَيحٌ في ذَلِكَ فقالَ: ائتِ الأميرَ وأنا أشهَدُ لَكَ (^٣). هَذِه الآثارُ مُنقَطِعَةٌ غَيرَ أثَرِ شُرَيحٍ.\n\n٢٠٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد الوَهّاب، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بن عَونٍ، أنبأنا مِسعَرٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ قال: قال شُرَيحٌ: القَضاءُ جَمرٌ، فارفَعِ الجَمرَ عَنكَ بعُودَينِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4281>بابٌ: القاضِي لا يَحكُمُ لِنَفسِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن مِهرانَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعد، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخاري قبل (٧١٧٠) معلقًا عن عكرمة. ووصله ابن حجر في التغليق ٥/ ٢٩٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٥٦) من طريق الثوري به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٤٥٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٣٠٣) من طريق جعفر به.\n(^٣) ذكره البخاري قبل (٧١٧٠) معلقًا عن شريح، ووصله ابن حجر في التغليق ٥/ ٢٩٨، ٢٩٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٥٨، ١٥٤٥٩)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة من طريق ابن عيينة به بنحوه. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٢٤٢) من طريق ابن شبرمة به بنحوه.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣١٦)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٨٧، ٢٨٨ من طريق مسعر به.","vol":"20","page":428},{"text":"شُعبَةُ، عن سَيّارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِيَّ قال: كان بَينَ عُمَرَ وأُبَيٍّ خُصومَةٌ فقالَ عُمَرُ: اجعَلْ بَينِي وبَينَكَ رَجُلًا. قال: فجَعَلا بَينَهُما زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ. قال: فأتَوه. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: أتَيناكَ لِتَحكُمَ بَينَنا، وفِي بَيتِه يُؤتَى الحَكَمُ. قال: فلَمّا دَخَلوا عَلَيه أجلَسَه مَعَه على صَدرِ فِراشِه. قال: فقالَ: هذا أوَّلُ جَورٍ؛ جُرْتَ في حُكمِكَ، أجلِسْنِي وخَصمِي مَجلِسًا. قال: فقَصّا عَلَيه القِصَّةَ. قال: فقالَ زَيدٌ لأُبَيٍّ: اليَمينُ على أميرِ المُؤمِنينَ، فإِن شِئتَ أعفَيتَه. قال: فأقسَمَ عُمَرُ -﵁- على ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أقسَمَ له: لا تُدرِكُ بابَ القَضاءِ حَتَّى لا يَكونَ لِي عِندَكَ على أحَدٍ فضيلَةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4282>بابُ ما جاءَ في التَّحكيمِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن نافِعٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه هانِيءٍ أنه لَمّا وفَدَ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أتَى المَدينَةَ، فسَمِعَهُم يَكْنونَه بأبِي الحَكَم، فدَعاه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ هو الحَكَمُ، وإِلَيه الحُكمُ، فلِمَ تُكْنَى أبا الحَكَمِ؟ \". قال: إنَّ قَومِي إذا اختَلَفوا في شَئٍ أتَونِي فحَكَمتُ بَينَهُم فرَضِي كِلا الفَريقَينِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أحسَنَ هذا! فما لَكَ مِنَ الوَلَدِ؟ \" قال: لِي شُرَيحٌ ومُسلِمٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ. قال: \"فمَن أكبَرُهُم؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: شُرَيحٌ. قال: \"فأنتَ أبو شُرَيحٍ\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (١٧٥١)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٣١٨، ٣١٩. وتقدم في (٢٠٤٩٣).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٩٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٥٥). وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٨١١)،=","vol":"20","page":429},{"text":"٢٠٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن الجَهمِ السِّمَّرِيُّ، حدثنا يَعلَى بن عُبَيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن عامِرٍ قال: كان بَينَ عُمَرَ وأُبَيٍّ -﵄- خُصومَةٌ في حائطٍ، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: بَينى وبَينَكَ زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ. فانطَلَقا فضرَب (^١) عُمَرُ البابَ، فعَرَفَ زَيد صَوتَه ففَتَحَ البابَ، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ألا بَعَثتَ إلَيَّ حَتَّى آتيَكَ؟ فقالَ: في بَيتِه يُؤتَى الحَكَمُ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٢).\n_________\n= والنسائي (٥٤٠٢) من طريق يزيد به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٤١٤٥).\n(^١) في م: \"فطرق\".\n(^٢) قال الألباني في الإرواء ٨/ ٢٣٨: مرسل، الشعبي لم يدرك الحادثة.","vol":"20","page":430},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4283>كتابُ الشهاداتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4284>بابُ الأمرِ بالإِشهادِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الَّذِي يُشبِهُ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ وإيّاه أسألُ التَّوفيقَ- أن يَكونَ أمرُه بالإِشهادِ عِندَ البَيعِ دِلالَةً على ما فيه الحَظُّ بالشَّهادَةِ لا حَتمًا. واحتَجَّ بقَولِه تَعالَى في آيَةِ الدَّينِ والدَّينُ تَبايُعٌ: ﴿فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]. ثُمَّ قال: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣]. فلَمّا أمَرَ إذا لَم يَجِدوا كاتِبًا بالرَّهن، ثُمَّ أباحَ تَركَ الرَّهن، دَلَّ على أن الأمرَ الأوَّلَ دِلالَةٌ على الحَظّ، لا فرضًا مِنه يَعصِي مَن تَرَكَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ شَهرِيارَ، حدثنا هِلالُ بن بشرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَروانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الرَّزجاهِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا الصوفيُّ وهو أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، حدثنا أبو هَمّامٍ الوَليدُ بن شُجاعٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَروانَ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بن أبي نَضرَةَ، عن أبيه -عن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ- قال: تَلا: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ حَتَّى بَلَغَ: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢، ٢٨٣] قال:\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٣/ ٨٧، ٨٨.","vol":"20","page":431},{"text":"هذه نَسَخَت ما قَبلَها (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، عن وُهَيبٍ، عن داودَ، عن عامِرٍ في هذه الآيَةِ قال: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا﴾ قال: إن أشهَدتَ فحَزمٌ، وإِنِ ائتَمَنتَه ففِي حِلٍّ وسَعَةٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِيِّ أنه قال: إن شاءَ أشهَدَ وإِن شاءَ لَم يُشهِدْ، ألَا تَسمَعْ إلَى قَولِه: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا﴾؟ (^٣)\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد حُفِظَ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه بايَعَ أعرابيًّا في فرَسٍ، فجَحَدَ الأعرابِيُّ بأمرِ بَعضِ المُنافِقينَ، ولَم يَكُنْ بَينَهُما بَيِّنَةٌ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٥٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ قُرقوبٍ التَّمّارُ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَين، حدثنا أبو اليَمان، أخبرَنِي شُعَيبُ بن أبي حَمزَةَ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ أن عَمَّه حَدَّثَه، وكانَ مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٦٧. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٣٢، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٥)، والطبراني في الأوسط (١٥٥٨) من طرق عن محمد بن مروان به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٧: محمد واهٍ.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٧٤، ٧٥ من طريق داود به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١٠٩، ١١٠ بسنده عن الحسن وسفيان عن رجل عن الشعبي به.\n(^٤) الأم ٣/ ٨٨.","vol":"20","page":432},{"text":"والحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ قالا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أخِي أبو بكرٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي عَتيقٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، أن عَمَّه أخبَرَه -وكانَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ابتاعَ فرَسًا مِن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأعراب، فاستَتبَعَه رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- ليَقضِي ثَمَنَ فرَسِه، فأسرَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- المَشى وأبطأ الأعرابِيُّ، فطَفِقَ رِجالٌ يَعتَرِضونَ الأعرابِيَّ ويُساوِمونَه الفَرَسَ ولا يَشعُرونَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَدِ ابتاعَه، حَتَّى زادَ بعضهم الأعرابِيَّ في السَّوم، فلَمّا زادُوا نادَى الأعرابِيُّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ-: إن كُنتَ مُبتاعًا هذا الفَرَسَ فابتَعْه وإِلا بِعتُه. فقامَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- حينَ سَمِعَ نِداءَ الأعرابِيِّ حَتَّى أتَى الأعرابِيُّ فقالَ: \"أوَليسَ قَدِ ابتَعتُ مِنكَ؟ \". قال: لا واللَّهِ ما بعتُكَه. قال: \"بَلِ ابتَعتُه مِنكَ\". فطَفِقَ الناسُ يَلوذونَ برسولِ الله -ﷺ- وبِالأعرابِيِّ وهُما يَتَراجَعان، فطَفِقَ الأعرابِيُّ يقولُ: هَلُمَّ شَهيدًا أنِّي بايَعتُكَ. فقالَ خُزَيمَةُ: أنا أشهَدُ أنَّكَ بايَعتَه. فأقبَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- على خُزَيمَةَ فقالَ: \"بمَ تَشهَدُ؟ \". قال: بتَصديقِكَ. فجعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- شَهادَةَ خُزَيمَةَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلَينِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٤٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الأُستاذُ أبو الوَليد، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا عبدَةُ بن عبد اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٧٩)، وفي الصغرى (٤٢٠٨)، والحاكم ٢/ ١٧، ١٨ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٨٣)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠٧) من طريق أبي اليمان الحكم بن نافع به. وتقدم في (١٣٥٣٤) من طريق الزهري.","vol":"20","page":433},{"text":"الخُزاعِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُباب، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن زُرارَةَ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمارَةُ بن خُزَيمَةَ، عن أبيه خُزَيمَةَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ابتاعَ مِن سَواءِ بنِ الحارِثِ المُحارِبِيِّ فرَسًا فجَحَدَه، فشَهِدَ له خُزَيمَةُ بن ثابِتٍ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما حَمَلَكَ على الشَّهادَةِ ولَم تَكُنْ مَعَهُ؟ \". قال: صَدَقتَ يا رسولَ الله، ولَكِن صَدَّقتُكَ بما قُلتَ، وعَرَفتُ أنَّكَ لا تَقولُ إلا حَقًّا. فقالَ: \"مَن شَهِدَ له خُزَيمَةُ أو شَهِدَ عَلَيه فهو حَسبُه\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فلَو كان حَتمًا لَم يُبايِعْ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بلا بَيِّنَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4285>بابٌ: الاختيارُ في الإشهادِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو المُثَنَّى مُعاذُ بن المُثَنَّى بنِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن فِراسٍ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن أبي بُردَةَ، عن أبي موسَى، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ يَدعونَ الله فلا يُستَجابُ لَهُم؛ رَجُلٌ كانَت تَحتَه امرأةٌ سَيِّئَةُ الخُلُقِ فلَم يُطَلِّقْها، ورَجُلٌ كان له على رَجُلٍ مالٌ فلَم يُشهِدْ عَلَيه، ورَجُلٌ آتَى سَفيهًا مالَه وقَد قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ﴾ [النساء: ٥] \" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٢/ ١٨. وأخرجه البخاري في التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٨٧، وابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٠٨٤)، والطبراني (٣٧٣٠) من طرق عن زيد بن الحباب به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٨: محمد بن زرارة لا يعرف، ولم أره في الضعفاء.\n(^٢) الأم ٣/ ٨٨.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٠٤)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٠٢. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٩: مع نكارته إسناده نظيف.","vol":"20","page":434},{"text":"٢٠٥٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباس قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ مَن جَحَدَ آدَمُ ﵇؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ أراه ذُرّيَّتَه، فرأى رَجُلًا أزهَرَ ساطِعًا نورُه، فقالَ: يا رَبّ، مَن هذا؟ قال: هذا ابنُكَ داودُ. قال: يا رَبّ، فما عُمُرُه؟ قال: سِتّونَ سنةً. قال: يا رَبّ، زِدْ في عُمُرِه. قال: لا، إلا أن تَزيدَه مِن عُمُرِكَ. قال: وما عُمُرِي قال: ألفُ سنةٍ. قال آدَمُ: فقَد وهَبتُ له أربَعينَ سنةً. قال: وكَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيه كِتابًا وأشهَدَ عَلَيه مَلائكَتَه، فلَمّا حَضَرَه المَوتُ وجاءَته المَلائكَةُ قال: إنَّه بَقِي مِن عُمُرِي أربَعونَ سنةً. قالوا: إنَّه قَد وهَبتَه لابنِكَ داودَ. قال: ما وهَبتُ لأحَدٍ شَيئًا. قال: فأخرَجَ اللهُ الكِتابَ وشَهِدَ عَلَيه مَلائكَتُه\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٤٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسحاقَ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ موسَى بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى هذا الحديث، إلا إنَّه قال في أوَّلِه: لَمّا نَزَلَت آيَةُ الدَّينِ قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. وقالَ في آخِرِه: \"فأكمَلَ لآدَمَ ألفَ سنةٍ وأكمَلَ (^٢) لِداوُدَ مِائَةَ سنةٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسي (٢٨١٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٠) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٧١٣)، وأبو يعلى (٢٧١٠)، والطبراني (١٢٩٢٨) من طرق عن حماد به بنحوه.\nوقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٤٩: روى الترمذي بهذا السند حديثًا وحسّنه. اهـ. وينظر الترمذي (٣١٠٧).","vol":"20","page":435},{"text":"٢٠٥٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بن قُتَيبَةَ القاضِي بمِصرَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بن عيسَى القاضِي، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبي ذُبابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبي سعيدٍ المَقبُرِيّ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَمّا خَلَقَ اللهُ آدَمَ ونَفَخَ فيه الرُّوحَ عَطَسَ فقالَ: الحَمدُ للهِ. فحَمِدَ اللهَ بإِذنِ الله، فقالَ له رَبُّه: رَحِمَكَ رَبُّكَ يا آدَمُ، فقالَ له: يا آدَمُ، اذهَبْ إلَى أولَئكَ المَلائكَة، إلَى مَلأٍ مِنهُم جُلوسٍ، فقُلِ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم. فذَهَبَ، قالوا: وعَلَيكَ السَّلامُ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ وبَرَكاتُه. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَى رَبِّه، فقالَ: هذه تَحيَّتُكَ وتَحيَّةُ بَنيكَ وبَنيهِم. وقالَ اللهُ ﵎ له ويَداه مَقبوضَتانِ: اختَرْ أيَّهُما شِئتَ. فقالَ: اختَرتُ يَمينَ رَبِّي، وكِلتا يَدَى رَبِّي يَمينٌ مُبارَكَةٌ. ثُمَّ بَسَطَها فإِذا فيها آدَمُ وذُرّيَّتُه، فقالَ أىْ رَبّ، ما هَؤُلاءِ؟ قال: هَؤُلاءِ ذُرّيَّتُكَ، فإِذا كُلُّ إنسانٍ مَكتوبٌ عُمرُه بَينَ عَينَيه، وإِذا فيهِم رَجُلٌ أضوَؤُهُم -أو قال: مِن أضوَئهِم- لَم يُكتَبْ له إلّا أربَعونَ سنةً، فقالَ: أىْ رَبّ، زِدْ في عُمرِه. قال: ذاكَ الَّذِي كُتِبَ له. قال: فإِنِّي قَد جَعَلتُ له مِن عُمرِي سِتّينَ سنةً. قال: أنتَ وذاكَ. قال: ثُمَّ أُسكِنَ الجَنَّةَ ما شاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ أُهبِط مِنها. وكانَ آدَمُ يَعُدُّ لِنَفسِه، فأتاه مَلَكُ المَوت، فقالَ له آدَمُ: قَد عَجِلتَ، قَد كُتِبَت لِي ألفُ سنةٍ. قال: بَلَى، ولَكِنَّكَ جَعَلتَ لابنِكَ داودَ مِنها سِتّينَ سنةً. فجَحَدَ فجَحَدَت ذُرّيَّتُه، ونَسِي فنَسِيَت ذُرّيَّتُه، فيَومَئذٍ أُمِرَ بالكِتابِ والشُّهودِ\" (^١).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٧٠٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٦٤ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٣٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٠٤٦)، وابن حبان (٦١٦٧) من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به. وعند النسائي مختصر. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٠: إسناده صالح.","vol":"20","page":436},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4286>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ في الزِّنا</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٥]. وقالَ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً﴾ [النور: ٤].\n\n٢٠٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن سَعدًا قال: يا رسولَ الله، أرأيتَ إن وجَدتُ مَعَ امرأتِي رَجُلًا أُمهِلُه حَتَّى آتِي بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"نعَم\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" مِن حديثِ مالكٍ كما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا موسَى بن إسحاقَ الأنصارِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن مَخلَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا سُهَيل، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ: لَو وجَدتُ مَعَ امرأتِي رَجُلًا لَم أمَسَّه حَتَّى آتِي بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ؟! قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"نَعَم\". قال: كَلا، والَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ إن كُنتُ لأُعجِلُه بالسَّيفِ. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اسمَعوا إلَى ما يقولُ سَيِّدُكُم،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٩٣، ١٧٧٠٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٨/ ١٥)، وتقدم في (١٧٠٩٣، ١٧٧٠٦).","vol":"20","page":437},{"text":"إنَّه غَيورٌ، وأنا أغيَرُ مِنه، واللَّهُ أغيَرُ مِنِّي\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ عبدُ رَبِّه بن نافِعٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أن مُعاويَةَ كَتَبَ إلَى أبي موسَى: سَلْ عَليًّا عن رَجُلٍ دَخَل بَيتَه، فإِذا مَعَ امرأتِه رَجُلٌ فقَتَلَها أو قَتَلَه. فسألَه أبو موسَى، فقالَ له عليٌّ -﵁-: ما ذِكرُكَ هذه؟ إنَّ هذا لَشَئٌ ما هو بأرضِنا، عَزَمتُ عَلَيكَ. قالَ: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ مُعاويَةُ في أن أسألَكَ عَنها. قال: أنا أبو حَسَنٍ، إن جاءَ بأربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ وإِلا دُفِعَ برُمَّتِهِ. قالَ يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ: يُقتَلُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد مَضى مِن حَديثِ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وشَهِدَ ثَلاثَةٌ على رَجُلٍ عِندَ عُمَرَ -﵁- بالزِّنا ولَم يُثبِتِ الرّابِعُ، فجَلَدَ الثَّلاثَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، عن ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٠٩٣، ١٧٧٠٧).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٨/ ١٦).\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٧٠٩٤، ١٧٧٠٩).\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٨٣.","vol":"20","page":438},{"text":"التَّيمِيّ، عن أبي عثمانَ قال: لَمّا شَهِدَ أبو بكرَةَ وصاحِباه على المُغيرَةِ جاءَ زيادٌ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: رجُلٌ إن يَشهَدُ إن شاءَ اللهُ إلا بحقٍّ. قال: رأيتُ ابتِهارًا (^١) ومَجلِسًا سَيِّئًا. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: هَل رأيتَ المِروَدَ دَخَلَ المُكحُلَةَ؟ قال: لا. فأمَرَ بهِم فجُلِدوا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4287>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ في الطَّلاقِ والرَّجعَةِ وما في مَعناهُما مِنَ النِّكاحِ والقِصاصِ والحُدودِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَو فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢].\n\n٢٠٥٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عليِّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ راشِدٍ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن أبي حَيّانَ التَّيمِيّ، حدثنا عَبايَةُ بن رِفاعَةَ، عن رافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ قال: أصبَحَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ مَقتولًا بخَيبَرَ، فانطَلَقَ أولياؤُه إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: \"ألَكُم شاهِدانِ يَشهَدانِ على قَتلِ صاحِبِكُم؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، لَم يَكُنْ ثَمَّ أحَدٌ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، وإِنَّما هُم يَهودُ. وقَد يَجتَرِئونَ على أعظَمَ مِن هَذا. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) الابتهار: تتابع النَّفَسِ. ينظر التاج ١٠/ ٢٦٠ (ب هـ ر).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢١١)، والمعرفة (٥٨٨١)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٩٢٩٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٦٦)، والطبراني (٧٢٢٧) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٧٠).","vol":"20","page":439},{"text":"أبو عليٍّ حامِدُ بن محمدٍ الرَّفّاءُ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَمّادٍ القومِسِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن يونُسَ، حدثنا عيسَى بن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا نِكاحَ إلا بوَلِيٍّ وشاهِدَى عَدلٍ، فإِنِ اشتَجَروا فالسُّلطانُ ولِيُّ مَن لا ولِيَّ له، فإِن نَكَحَت فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ، فنِكاحُها باطِلٌ\" (^١).\nورُوّينا في كِتابِ النِّكَاحِ عن الحَسَنِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: لا نِكاحَ إلا بوَلِيٍّ وشاهِدَى عَدلٍ (^٢). وروّيناه عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣).\nوالَّذِي رَواه حَجّاجُ بن أرطاةَ عن عَطاءٍ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه أجازَ شَهادَةَ الرَّجُلِ مَعَ النِّساءِ في النِّكَاحِ (^٤) لا يَصحُّ؛ فعَطاءٌ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعٌ، والحَجّاجُ بن أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٥)، ومُرسَلُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أصَحُّ. وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٠٥٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا يونُسُ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٨٣٣، ١٣٨٣٤).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٨٤٣).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٨٤١).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه في (١٣٨٤٤).\n(^٥) تقدم قبل (٣٣).","vol":"20","page":440},{"text":"عن الحَسَنِ أنه كان لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ النِّساءِ على (^١) الطَّلاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٥٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَم، عن إبراهيمَ أنه كان لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ النِّساءِ على الحُدودِ والطَّلاقِ. قال: والطَّلاقُ مِن أشَدِّ الحُدودِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4288>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ في الدَّينِ وما في مَعناه مِمّا يَكونُ مالًا أو يُقصَدُ به المالُ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]. وقالَ في سياقِها: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى﴾.\n\n٢٠٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهاد، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن رَسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا مَعشَرَ النِّساء، تَصَدَّقنَ وأكثِرِنَ الاستِغفارَ؛ فإِنِّي رأيتُكُنَّ أكثَرَ أهلِ النّارِ\". قالَتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُنَّ: ما لَنا يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"تُكثِرْنَ اللَّعنَ، وتَكفُرْنَ العَشيرَ، وما رأيتُ مِن ناقِصاتِ عَقلٍ ودينٍ أغلَبَ لِذِي اللُّبِّ مِنكُنَّ\". قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س: \"الحدود و\".\n(^٢) سعيد بن منصور (٨٧٩). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٩٠) من طريق يونس به بلفظ: \"لا تجوز شهادة النساء في الحدود\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٧٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٩١٨٧) من طريق شعبة به بلفظ: \"لا تجوز شهادة النساء في الطلاق والحدود\".","vol":"20","page":441},{"text":"يا رسولَ الله، وما نُقصانُ العَقلِ والدّينِ؟ قال: \"أمّا نُقصانُ العَقلِ فشَهادَةُ امرأتَينِ تَعدِلُ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ (^١)، فهَذا نُقصانُ العَقل، وتَمكُثُ اللَّيالِي لا تُصَلِّي، وتُفطِرُ في رَمَضانَ، فهَذا نُقصانُ الدّينِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن إبراهيمَ النَّسَوِيُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رُمحِ التُّجيبِيُّ، أنبأنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: فقالَتِ امرأةٌ مِنهُنَّ جَزْلَةٌ (^٣): وما لَنا يا رسولَ اللهِ أكثَرَ أهلِ النّارِ؟ (^٤) رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4289>بابٌ: لا يُحيلُ حُكمُ القاضِي على المَقضِيِّ له والمَقضِيِّ عَلَيه، ولا يَجعَلُ الحَلالَ على واحِدٍ مِنهُما حَرامًا، ولا الحَرامَ على واحِدٍ مِنهُما حَلالًا</span>\n\n٢٠٥٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشافِعِيُ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سَلَمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂-، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده في س، م: \"واحد\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٦٧٩) من طريق ابن الهاد به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) جزلة: أي تامة الخلق. ويجوز أن تكون ذات كلام جزل؛ أي قوى شديد. النهاية ١/ ٢٧٠.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤٠٠٣) عن محمد بن رمح به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٧٩/ ١٣٢).","vol":"20","page":442},{"text":"رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنَّكُم تَختَصِمونَ إلَيَّ، فلعلَّ بَعضَكُم أن يَكونَ ألحَنَ بحُجَّتِه مِن بَعضٍ فأقضِي له على نَحوِ ما أسمَعُ مِنه، فمَن قَضَيتُ له بشَئٍ مِن حَقِّ أخيه فلا يأخُذْ مِنه؛ فإِنَّما أقطَعُ له قِطعَةً مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن القَعنَبِيِّ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن كَثيرٍ العَبدِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِيُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن عُروةَ، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أُمِّ سلمةَ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ الله -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنَّكُم تَختَصِمونَ إلَيَّ، ولَعَلَّ بَعضَكُم أن يَكونَ ألحَنَ بحُجَّتِه مِن بَعضٍ فأقضِي له على نَحوِ ما أسمَعُ، فمَن قَضَيتُ له مِن حَقِّ أخيه شَيئًا فلا يأخُذْ (^٣) مِنه شَيئًا؛ فإِنَّما أقطَعُ له قِطعَةً مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٨٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ١٩٩،٧/ ١١، ٧/ ٤٠، وتقدم في (٢٠٥٣٢).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٦٨٠، ٧١٦٩).\n(^٣) في م: \"يأخذن\".\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٠٢). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٨٣) عن محمد بن كثير به. وابن حبان (٥٠٧٢) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخاري (٦٩٦٧).","vol":"20","page":443},{"text":"أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَتنِه إلَّا أنه قال: \"فمَن قَطَعتُ له مِن حَقِّ أخيه شَيئًا فلا يأخُذْه، فإِنَّما أقطَعُ له به قِطعَةً مِنَ النّارِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ البِسطامِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أخبرَنِي القاسِمُ يَعنى ابنَ زَكَريّا، حدثنا ابنُ إشكابَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: أخبرَنِي عُروَةُ بن الزُّبَير، عن زَينَبَ بنتِ أبي سلمةَ، أخبَرَته أنَّ أُمَّ سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أخبَرَتها عن رَسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه سَمِعَ خُصومَةً ببابِ حُجرَتِه، فخَرَجَ إلَيهِم فقالَ: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ، وإِنَّه يأتينِي الخَصمُ، فلَعَلَّ بَعضَهُم أن يَكونَ أبلَغَ مِن بَعضٍ، فأحسِبُ أنه صادِقٌ فأقضِي له بذَلِكَ، فمَن قَضَيتُ له بحَقِّ مُسلِمٍ فإِنَّما هِي قِطعَةٌ مِنَ النّار، فليأخُذْها أو ليَترُكْها\" (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد العَزيزِ بنِ عبد اللهِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَعقوبَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٥٤٩٥)، وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٩١)، وأبو عوانة (٦٣٧٥) من طريق أبي معاوية به بنحوه.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٣/ ٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٦٢٧) عن يعقوب به بمعناه. والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٨٤) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٤٥٨، ٧١٨١)، ومسلم (١٧١٣/ ٦).","vol":"20","page":444},{"text":"٢٠٥٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِيُّ، أنبأنا الفَضلُ بن الحُباب، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَتِ: اختَصمَ سَعدٌ وعَبدُ بن زَمعَةَ في غُلامٍ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: يا رسولَ الله، هذا ابنُ أخِي عُتبَةَ، عَهِدَ إلَيَّ أنه ابنُه، فانظُرْ إلَى شَبَهِه. قالَ عبدُ بن زَمعَةَ: هذا أخِي يا رسولَ الله، وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبي مِن وليدَتِه. فنَظَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى شَبَهٍ بَيِّنٍ بعُتبَةَ فقالَ: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدُ، الوَلَدُ لِلفِراش، ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ، واحتَجِبِي مِنه يا سَودَةُ\" (^١). فَلَم يَرَ سَودَةَ قَطُّ. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سِنانٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أحدَثَ في أمرِنا هذا ما لَيسَ مِنه فهو رَدٌّ\" (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ وغَيرِه، كُلُّهُم عن إبراهيمَ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ كُناسَةَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١١٥٧٣، ١١٥٧٦، ١٥٤٦٠، ١٥٤٦١)، وسيأتي في (٢١٣٢٠).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٨١٧).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٢١٨، ٦٧٦٥)، ومسلم (١٤٥٧/ ٣٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٧٤). وتقدم في (٢٠٣٩٧)، وسيأتي في (٢١٢٣٨).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٩٨)، ومسلم (١٧١٨/ ١٧).","vol":"20","page":445},{"text":"جَعفَرُ بن بُرقانَ، عن مَعمَرٍ البَصرِيّ، عن أبي العَوّامِ البَصرِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إلَى أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ -﵄-: إنَّ القَضاءَ فريضَةٌ مُحكَمَةٌ، وسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، فافهَمْ إذا أُدلِي إلَيكَ، فإِنَّه لا يَنفَعُ تَكَلُّم بحَقٍّ (^١) لا نَفاذَ له، وآسِ بَينَ النّاسِ في وجهِكَ ومَجلِسِكَ وقَضائِكَ؛ حَتَّى لا يَطمَعَ شَريفٌ في حَيفِكَ، ولا يَيأسَ ضَعيفٌ مِن عَدلِكَ، البَيِّنَةُ على مَنِ ادَّعَى واليَمينُ على مَن أنكَرَ، والصُّلحُ جائزٌ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ إلَّا صُلحًا أحَلَّ حَرامًا أو حَرَّمَ حَلالًا، ومَنِ ادّعَى حَقًّا غائبًا أو بَيِّنَةً فاضرِبْ له أمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إلَيه، فإِن جاءَ ببَيِّنَةٍ أعطَيتَه بحَقِّه، فإِن أعجَزَه ذَلِكَ استَحلَلتَ عَلَيه القَضيَّةَ؛ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أبلَغُ في العُذرِ وأجلَى لِلعَمَى، ولا يَمنَعْكَ مِن قَضاءٍ قَضَيتَه اليَومَ فراجَعتَ فيه لِرأيِكَ وهُديتَ فيه لِرَشَدِكَ أن تُراجِعَ الحَقَّ؛ لأنَّ الحَقَّ قَديمٌ، لا يُبطِلُ الحَقَّ شَيءٌ، ومُراجَعَةُ الحَقِّ خَيرٌ مِنَ التَّمادِي في الباطِل، والمُسلِمونَ عُدولٌ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ في الشَّهادَةِ إلَّا مَجلودٌ في حَدٍّ أو مُجَرَّبٌ عَلَيه شَهادَةُ الزّورِ أو ظَنِينٌ (^٢) في ولاءٍ أو قَرابَةٍ، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﷿ تَوَلَّى مِنَ العِبادِ السَّرائرَ وسَتَرَ عَلَيهِمُ الحُدودَ إلَّا بالبَيِّناتِ والأيمان، ثُمَّ الفَهمَ الفَهمَ فيما أُدلِي إلَيكَ مِمّا لَيسَ في قُرآنٍ ولا سُنَّةٍ، ثُمَّ قايِسِ الأُمورَ عِندَ ذَلِكَ، واعرِفِ الأمثالَ والأشباهَ، ثُمَّ اعمِدْ إلَى أحَبِّها إلَى اللهِ فيما تَرَى وأشبَهِها بالحَقّ، وإيّاكَ والغَضَبَ والقَلَقَ والضَّجَرَ والتّأذِّي بالنّاسِ عِندَ الخُصومَةِ والتَّنَكُرَ؛ فإِنَّ القَضاءَ في مَواطِنِ الحَقِّ يوجِبُ اللهُ له\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"حق\".\n(^٢) الظنين: هو الذي ينتمى إلى غير مواليه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٥٨.","vol":"20","page":446},{"text":"الأجرَ ويُحَسِّنُ به الذُّخرَ، فمَن خَلَصَت نيَّتُه في الحَقِّ ولَو على نَفسِه كَفاه اللهُ ما بَينَه وبَينَ النّاس، ومَن تَزَيَّنَ لَهُم بما لَيسَ في قَلبِه شانَه اللهُ، فإِنَّ اللهَ ﵎ لا يَقبَلُ مِنَ العِبادِ إلَّا ما كان له خالِصًا، وما ظنَّكَ بثَوابِ غَيرِ الله في عاجِلِ رِزقِه وخَزائن رَحمَتِهِ؟ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنه كان يقولُ لِلرَّجُلِ: إنِّي لأقضِي لَكَ وإِنِّي لأظُنُّكَ ظالِمًا، ولَكِن لا يَسَعُنِي إلَّا أن أقضِي بما يَحضُرُنِي مِنَ البَيِّنَة، وإِنَّ قَضائى لا يُحِلُّ لَكَ حَرامًا (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4290>بابُ شَهادَةِ النِّساءِ لا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ في الوَلادِ (^٣) وعُيوبِ النِّساءِ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا مُجالِدٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ النِّسوَةِ على الاستِهلال، وما لا يَنظُرُ إلَيه الرِّجالُ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا قَولُ الكافَّةِ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٧٣). وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخه ٣٢/ ٧١ من طريق المصنف به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٤: معمر أظنه ابن راشد، وإسنادها منقطع.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى ٦/ ١٣٣ من طريق هشام به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣١٢) من طريق ابن سيرين بنحوه.\n(^٣) في م: \"الولادة\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٣٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٨٤، ٢٧٩٧٩) من طريق آخر بمعناه.","vol":"20","page":447},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4291>بابُ ما جاءَ في عَدَدِهِنِّ</span>\n\n٢٠٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو بكرِ بن عبد الله، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن رُمحٍ التُّجيبِيُّ، أنبأنا اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ الهاد، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن عمدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، عن رَسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه: \"ما رأيتُ مِن ناقِصاتِ عَقلٍ ودينٍ أغلَبَ لِذِي اللُّبِّ مِنكُنَّ\". قالَت: يا رسولَ الله، وما نُقصانُ العَقلِ والدّينِ؟ قال: \"أمّا نُقصانُ العَقلِ فشَهادَةُ امرأتَينِ تَعدِلُ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ، فذَلِكَ نُقصانُ العَقل، وتَمكُثُ اللَّيالِي ما تُصَلِّي، وتُفطِرُ في رَمَضانَ، فهَذا نُقصانُ الدّينِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رُمحٍ. (^٢)\n\n٢٠٥٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليد، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ وعَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبي سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ قال: لا يَجوزُ إلَّا أربَعُ نِسوَةٍ في الاستِهلالِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن القاسِمِ بنِ مُسافِرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَعمَرٍ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٥٥٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٩/ ١٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٧٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن المنذر في تفسيره ١/ ٧٦ من طريق عبد الملك به.","vol":"20","page":448},{"text":"القَطِيعِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِكِ الواسِطيُّ، عن الأعمَش، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن حُذَيفَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أجازَ شَهادَةَ القابِلَةِ (^١). محمدُ بن عبد المَلِكِ لَم يَسمَعْه مِنَ الأعمَشِ؛ بَينَهُما رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ:\n\n٢٠٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن الحَسَن، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن الفَضلِ ومُحَمَّدُ بن بشرِ بنِ مَطَرٍ قالا: حدثنا وهبُ بن بَقيَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد المَلِك، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ المَدائنِيّ، عن الأعمَشِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^٢).\nقال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِيُّ: أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ المَدائنِيُّ رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ وهُشَيمٌ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ نُجَيٍّ، عن عليٍّ -﵁- أنَّه كان يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ القابِلَةِ. زادَ أبو عَوانَةَ: وحدَها (^٤). هذا لا يَصِحُّ؛ جابِرٌ الجُعفِيُّ مَتروكٌ (^٥)، وعَبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) القابلة: المولِّدة. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٣/ ٧٤٢.\nوالحديث أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٣٢، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥٩٦) من طريق أحمد بن القاسم به.\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٣٣. ومن طريقه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد ١٤/ ٤٠٢. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٥: ما صح هذا.\n(^٣) ينظر الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٩٨٦)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٨٥)، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٣٣ من طريق جابر به وبنحوه.\n(^٥) تقدم عقب (١٢٧٥).","vol":"20","page":449},{"text":"ابنُ نُجَيٍّ فيه نَظَرٌ (^١).\nورَواه سُوَيدُ بن عبد العَزيزِ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢) - عن غَيلانَ بنِ جامِعٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي مَروانَ عن أبيه أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁-. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nقال إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِيُّ: لَو صَحَّت شَهادَةُ القابِلَةِ عن عليٍّ -﵁- لَقُلنا به، ولَكِن في إسنادِه خَلَلٌ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لَو ثَبَتَ عن عليٍّ -﵁- صِرنا إلَيه إن شاءَ اللهُ، ولَكِنَّه لا يَثبُتُ عِندَكُم ولا عِندَنا عَنه (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4292>بابُ شَهادَةِ القاذِفِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ (٤) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٤، ٥].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: والثُّنيا في سياقِ الكَلامِ على أوَّلِ الكَلامِ وآخِرِه في جَميعِ ما يَذْهبُ إلَيه أهلُ الفِقه، إلَّا أن يُفَرِّقَ بَينَ ذَلِكَ خَبَرٌ (^٦). قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِنَّ فيه لَحَديثًا. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِي:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم عقب (٣٣٨٦).\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (١١٣٢).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٨٦)، وفي الصغرى (٤٢٢٢).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٨٦)، وفي الصغرى (٤٢٢٤).\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ٢٥٠.\n(^٦) الأم ٧/ ٤٥.","vol":"20","page":450},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِيَّ يقولُ: زَعَمَ أهلُ العِراقِ أن شَهادَةَ المَحدودِ لا تَجوزُ، فأشهَدُ لأخبَرَنِي فُلانٌ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال لأبِي بكرَةَ: تُبْ نَقْبَلْ شَهادَتَكَ. أو: إنْ تُبتَ قَبِلْتُ شَهادَتَكَ. قال سفيانُ: سَمَّى الزُّهرِيُّ الَّذِي أخبَرَه فحَفِظتُه ثُمَّ نَسِيتُه وشَكَكتُ فيه، فلَمّا قُمنا سألتُ مَن حَضَرَ، فقالَ لِي عُمَرُ بن قَيسٍ: هو سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فقُلتُ له: فهَل شَكَكتَ فيما قال لَكَ؟ قال: لا، هو سعيدُ بن المُسَيَّبِ غَيرَ شَكٍّ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وكَثيرًا ما سَمِعتُه يُحَدِّثُه فيُسَمِّي سعيدًا، وكَثيرًا ما سَمِعتُه يقولُ: عن سعيدٍ إن شاءَ اللهُ. وقَد رَواه غَيرُه مِن أهلِ الحِفظِ عن سعيدٍ لَيسَ فيه شَكٌّ، وزادَ فيه أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- استَتابَ الثَّلاثَةَ، فتابَ اثنانِ فأجازَ شَهادَتَهُما، وأبَى أبو بكرَةَ فرَدَّ شَهادَتَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن شَيبانَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال لأبِي بكرَةَ: إن تُبتَ قَبِلْتُ شَهادَتَكَ. أو قال: تُبْ نَقبَلْ (^٢) شَهادَتكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٤/ ١١٦، ٧/ ٨٩. ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٣٦٠، وذكر فيه سعيد بن المسيب.\n(^٢) في م: \"تقبل\".\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٢٦). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩١٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٩/ ١٦٣، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٣٥٩ من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"20","page":451},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباس، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال أخبرَنِي مَن أثِقُ به مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- لَمّا جَلَدَ الثَّلاثَةَ استَتابَهُم، فرَجَعَ اثنانِ فقَبِلَ شَهادَتَهُما، وأبَى أبو بكرَةَ (^١) يَرجِعُ فرَدَّ شَهادَتَه (^٢).\nورَواه سُلَيمانُ بن كَثيرٍ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ أن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال لأبِي بكرَةَ وشِبلٍ ونافِعٍ: مَن تابِ مِنكُم قَبِلْتُ شَهادَتَه (^٣).\nورَواه الأوزاعِيُّ عن الزُّهرِيِّ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- استَتابَ أبا بكرَةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَوَى عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ عن ابنِ المُسَيَّب، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال لِلَّذينَ شَهِدوا على المُغيرَةِ: توبوا نَقْبَلْ (^٥) شَهادَتكم. قال: فتابَ مِنهُمُ اثنان، وأبَى أبو بكرَةَ أن يَتوبَ. قال: فكانَ عُمَرُ لا يَقبَلُ شَهادَتَه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) بعده في م: \"أن\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٩٢)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٦٤) من طريق الزهري به بنحوه.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٢٧). وأخرجه عمر بن شبة في أخبار البصرة -كما في الفتح ٥/ ٢٥٦ - من طريق سليمان بن كثير به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٩١).\n(^٥) في م: \"تقبل\".\n(^٦) عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٥٠).","vol":"20","page":452},{"text":"٢٠٥٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَر، حدثنا عمرُو بن محمدٍ، عن قَيسٍ، عن سالِمٍ الأفطَس، عن سعيدِ بنِ عاصِمٍ قال: كان أبو بكرَةَ إذا أتاه الرَّجُلُ يُشهِدُه قال: أشهِدْ غَيرِي؛ فإِنَّ المُسلِمينَ قَد فسَّقونِي (^١).\nوهَذا إن صَحَّ فلأنَّه امتَنَعَ مِن أن يَتوبَ مِن قَذفِه وأقامَ عَلَيه، ولَو كان قَد تابَ مِنه لَما ألزَموه اسمَ الفِسق، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبَلَغَنِي عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنه كان يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ القاذِفِ إذا تابَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرالفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا﴾ [النور: ٤]. ثُمَّ قال يَعنِي: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا﴾ [النور: ٥] فمَن تابَ وأصلَحَ فشَهادَتُه في كِتابِ اللهِ تُقبَلُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ في القاذِفِ إذا تابَ قال: تُقبَلُ شَهادَتُه. وقالَ: كُلُّنا يَقولُه؛ عَطاءٌ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق (٢١٦/ ٦٢) من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٤٥.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٧٢ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"20","page":453},{"text":"وطاوُسٌ ومُجاهِدٌ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ أنَّهُم قالوا في القاذِفِ: إن تابَ قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٨٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا عبدُ المَلِك، عن عَطاءٍ قال: يَقبَلُ اللهُ تَوبَتَه وأرُدُّ شَهادَتَه؟! (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٨٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ (^٤)، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن أبي حَصينٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: يَقبَلُ اللهُ تَوبَتَه ولا تَقبَلونَ شَهادَتَه؟! (^٥).\n\n٢٠٥٨٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا مُطَرِّفٌ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ أنه كان يقولُ في القاذِفِ: إذا فُرغَ مِن ضَرْبِه فأكَذَبَ نَفسَه ورَجَعَ عن قَولِه قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٩٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٢٦. ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٣٦٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٦٥ من طريق ابن علية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٠٨) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم ابن علية به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٤١٧٥) من طريق عبد الملك به بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٥٦١)، والطحاوى في شرح المشكل عقب ١٢/ ٣٦٥ من طريق آخر عن عطاء بنحوه.\n(^٤) في م: \"شعبة\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٥٧٦)، ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩١٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٦٤ من طريق آخر عن الشعبي بنحوه.\n(^٦) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٦٤ من طريق آخر عن الشعبي بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":454},{"text":"٢٠٥٨٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قال: إذا تابَ قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه.\n\n٢٠٥٨٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا جوَيبِرٌ، عن الضَّحّاكِ أنه كان يقولُ: إذا تابَ قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٨٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا حُصينٌ قال: رأيتُ رَجُلًا جُلِدَ حَدًّا في قَذفٍ بالزِّنْيَةِ (^٢)، فلَمّا فُرغَ مِن ضَربِه أحدَثَ تَوبَةً، قال: أستَغفِرُ اللَّهَ وأتوبُ إلَيه مِن قَذفِ المُحصَناتِ. فلَقِيتُ أبا الزِّنادِ فأخبَرتُه بذَلِكَ فقالَ لِي: الأمرُ عِندَنا إذا رَجَعَ عن قَولِه واستَغفَرَ رَبَّه قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَوَى أبو مُعاويَةَ ويَحيَى بن سعيدٍ عن مِسعَرٍ عن عِمرانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ قَولَه في شَهادَةِ القاذِفِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٥٨٨ - أخبرَنا، أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنه بَلَغَه أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ وسُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ سُئلا عن رَجُلِ جُلِدَ: هَل تَجوزُ شَهادَتُه؟ فقالا: نَعَم؛ إذا ظَهَرَت مِنه التَّوبَةُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٦٧ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) في م: \"بالريبة\". والزنية: الزنا. النهاية ٢/ ٣١٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور -كما في تغليق التعليق ٣/ ٣٨١ - وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٧٤ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩١٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٦٧ من طريق مسعر به.\n(^٥) مالك ٢/ ٧٢١. دون ذكر ابن المسيب. وذكره ابن سحنون في المدونة عن سعيد وسليمان ٥/ ١٥٨.","vol":"20","page":455},{"text":"٢٠٥٨٩ - وعن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنه سُئلَ عن رَجُلٍ: إذا جُلِدَ الحَدَّ هَل تَجوزُ شَهادَتُه؟ قال: نَعَم؛ إذا ظَهَرَت مِنه التَّوبَةُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٩٠ - قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ الاْمرُ عِندَنا، قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ٥]. فإِذا تابَ الَّذِي يُجلَدُ الحَدَّ وأصلَحَ جازَت شَهادَتُه (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِيءٍ، حدثنا أبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الشَّهيدُ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ سُلَيمانُ بن داودَ العَتَكِيُّ الزَّهرانِيُّ، حدثنا فُلَيحُ بن سُلَيمانَ المَدينيُّ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلقَمَةَ بنِ وقاصٍ اللَّيثِيِّ وعُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- حينَ قال لها أهلُ الإفكِ ما قالوا فبَرّأها اللهُ مِنه. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بطولِه وفيه: قالَت: فتَشَهَّدَ -تَعنِي النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ يا عائشَةُ، فإِنَّه قَد بَلَغَنِي عَنكِ كَذا وكَذا، فإِن كُنتِ بَريئَةً فسَيُبَرِّئُكِ اللهُ، وإِن كُنتِ ألمَمتِ بالذَّنبِ فاستَغفِرِي اللَّهَ وتوبِي إلَيه، فإِنَّ العَبدَ إذا اعتَرَفَ بذَنبِه ثُمَّ تابَ تابَ اللهُ عَلَيه\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ في نُزولِ الآياتِ في بَراءَتِها (^٢). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ ومُسلِمٌ في\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الحديث السابق.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٠٩٩) من طريق أبي الربيع الزهرانى به. وأحمد (٢٥٦٢٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٨٩٣١، ١١٢٥١) من طريق الزهري به.","vol":"20","page":456},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن أبي الرَّبيعِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٥٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن يوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبد الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيّ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، أن أباه سألَ ابنَ مَسعودٍ: هَل سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"النَّدَمُ تَوبَةٌ\"؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٩٣ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحارِثِ البَغدادِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن عبد الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيّ، عن زيادٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ أبي إلَى جَنبِ عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ فقالَ له أبي: أنتَ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ (^٣): \"النَّدَمُ تَوبَةٌ، [النَّدَمُ توبةٌ] (^٤) \".\n\n٢٠٥٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ،\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٢٦٦١)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٢٤)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٥٢) من طريق سفيان به. قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٨: زياد فيه جهالة.\n(^٣) ليس في: ص ١٠.\n(^٤) ليس في: م.\nوالحديث أخرجه الطيالسي (٣٨٠)، والطحاوى في شرح المعاني ٤/ ٢٩١ من طريق زهير به. وأحمد (٣٥٦٨) من طريق عبد الكريم به.","vol":"20","page":457},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبد الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيّ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ، عن عبد اللهِ أنه قال: النَّدَمُ تَوبَةٌ، والتّائبُ كَمَن لا ذَنْبَ لَه (^١). كَذا رَواه عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ عن مَعمَرٍ مُنقَطِعًا مَوقوفًا بزيادتِهِ.\n\n٢٠٥٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَة، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عبد العَزيز، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الرَّقاشِيُّ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بن خالِدٍ، حدثنا مَعمَرٌ، عن عبد الكَريمِ الجَزَرِيّ، عن أبي عُبَيدَةَ، عن عبد الله، عن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"التّائبُ مِنَ الذَّنبِ كَمَن لا ذَنْبَ له\" (^٢). كَذا قال، وهو وهْمٌ، والحَديثُ عن عبد الكَريمِ عن زيادِ بنِ أبي مَريَمَ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ عن عبد اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ كما تَقَدَّمَ، واللهُ أعلمُ.\nورُوِي مِن أوجُهٍ ضعيفَةٍ بهَذا اللَّفظ، وفيما ذَكَرناه كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٢٠٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عبد اللهِ الشّامِيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليد، حدثنا محمدُ بن زيادٍ الألهانِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا عِنَبَةَ (^٣) الخَولانِيَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"التّائبُ مِنَ الذَّنبِ كَمَن لا ذَنبَ له\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب البغدادي في موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق ١/ ٢٤٠ من طريق إسماعيل الصفار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه القضاعى في مسنده (١٠٨) من طريق علي بن عبد العزيز به. وابن ماجه (٤٢٥٠) من طريق محمد بن عبد الله الرقاشى به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"عتبة\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٦١، والإكمال ٦/ ١١٧.\n(^٤) قال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٨: عثمان -يعني ابن عبد اللهَ- ليس بثقة.","vol":"20","page":458},{"text":"٢٠٥٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ والدُ أبي الحَسَنِ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن إسماعيلَ العَنبَرِيُّ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بن سالِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبد الجَبّار، عن عاصِمٍ الحُدّانِيّ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"التّائبُ مِنَ الذَّنبِ كَمَن لا ذَنبَ له\" (^١). هذا إسنادٌ فيه ضَعفٌ.\nورُوِي مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن أبي سَعدَةَ الأنصارِيِّ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- (^٢).\n\n٢٠٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بن أبي بكرٍ، حدثنا فُضيلُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسى بن عُقبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن سَلمانَ يَعنِي الأغَرَّ، عن أبيه، عن أبي الدَّرداء، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"كُلُّ شَئٍ يَتَكَلَّمُ به ابنُ آدَمَ فإِنَّه مَكتوبٌ عَلَيه، فإِذا أخطأَ الخَطيئَةَ وأحَبَّ أن يَتوبَ إلَى اللهِ ﷿ فليأتِ بُقعَةً رَفيعَةً، فليَمُدَّ يَدَيه إلَى اللهِ ﷿ ثُمَّ يقولُ: إنِّي أتوبُ إلَيكَ مِنها، لا أرجِعُ إلَيها أبَدًا. فإِنَّه يُغفَرُ له ما لَم يَرجِعْ في عَمَلِه ذَلِكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٥٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ بن الأعرابِيّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا في التوبة (٨٥)، وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٥٤/ ٧٢ من طريق سلم بن سالم به مطولًا. وعند ابن عساكر: عبد العزيز. بدلًا من: عبد الجبار.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٢/ ٣٠٦ (٧٧٥) وعنده: أبو سعد.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الدعاء (٢٠٧) عن يوسف القاضي به. والحاكم ١/ ١٥١ وصححه من طريق فضيل بن سليمان به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٨: هذا منكر.","vol":"20","page":459},{"text":"سفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن النُّعمانِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَوْبَةً نَصُوحًا﴾ [التحريم: ٨] قال: هو الرَّجُلُ يَعمَلُ الذَّنبَ ثُمَّ لا يَعودُ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن هِشامٍ، عن عليِّ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبي الأحوَص، عن عبد اللهِ في قَولِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَوْبَةً نَصُوحًا﴾ قال: يَتوبُ مِنَ الذَّنبِ ثُمَّ لا يَعودُ (^٢).\nتابَعَه إسرائيلُ عن أبي إسحاقَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ إسحاقُ ابنُ أحمدَ الكاذِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن مَهدِيٍّ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بن صالِحٍ، عن عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: ما مِن ذَنبٍ إلَّا وأنا أعرِفُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود في الزهد (٦١)، والطبراني في تفسيره ٢٣/ ١٠٧، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٩٥ وصححه من طريق سفيان به. وابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٤٩٤) من طريق سماك به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٥٥٦٣)، وأبو داود في الزهد (١٤٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٣/ ١٠٧ من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه آدم بن أبي إياس في تفسير مجاهد ص ٦٦٥ - ومن طريقه المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٣٥) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"20","page":460},{"text":"تَوبَتَه. قالوا له: يا أبا عبد الرَّحمَن، وما تَوبَتُه؟ قال: أن يَترُكَه ثُمَّ لا يَعودَ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4293>بابُ مَن قال: لا تُقبلُ شَهادَتُهُ</span>\n\n٢٠٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرّازِيُّ، عن آدَمَ بنِ فائدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا مَحدودٍ في الإسلامِ ولا مَحدودَةٍ، ولا ذِي غِمرٍ (^٢) على أخيه\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٠٣ - وحدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بن أحمدَ بنِ دَعلَجٍ السِّجزِيُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بن عبد الله، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا قَزَعَةُ بن سُوَيدٍ، حدثنا المُثَنَّى بن الصَّبّاح، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا مَوقوفٍ على حَدٍّ، ولا ذِي غِمرٍ على أخيه\" (^٤).\nآَدَمُ بن فائدٍ والمُثَنَّى بن الصَّبّاحِ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِما (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أحمد في الزهد ص ٢٥٠. وأخرجه الطبراني ١٨/ ٤٢ (٧٣) من طريق معاوية بن صالح به.\n(^٢) الغِمر: الشحناء والعداوة. غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٢/ ١٥٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٤٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠١)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٦) من طرق عن عمرو بن شعيب به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٥٩: آدم نكرة.\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٤ من طريق المثنى بن الصباح به بنحوه.\n(^٥) بعده في الأصل، س، م: \"وروى من أوجه ضعيفة عن عمرو\". وينظر الكلام على آدم بن فائد =","vol":"20","page":461},{"text":"ومَن رَوَى مِنَ الثَّقاتِ هذا الحديثَ عن عمرٍو لَم يَذكُرْ فيه المَجلودَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد رُوِي مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ ضَعيفَينِ:\n\n٢٠٦٠٤ - أخبرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بن عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ [بنِ عبد الواحِدِ] (^١) بصُورٍ، حدثنا موسَى بن أيّوبَ النَّصيبِيُّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو أحمدَ قال: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن إسحاقَ بدِمَشقَ، حدثنا دُحَيمٌ قالا: حدثنا مَروانُ بن مُعاويَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ الدِّمَشقِيّ، عن الزُّهرِيّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا مَجلودِ حَدٍّ، ولا ذِي غِمرٍ لأخيه، ولا مُجَرَّبٍ عَلَيه شَهادَةُ زورٍ، ولا ظَنِينٍ في ولاءٍ وقَرابَةٍ (^٢) \". يَزيدُ بن أبي زيادٍ -ويُقالُ: ابنُ زيادٍ- الشّامِيُّ هذا ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وأبو بكرِ بن الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا\n_________\n= في الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٦٨، ولسان الميزان ١/ ٣٣٦، وتقدم الكلام على المثنى بن الصباح عقب (٦٤٤).\n(^١) في حاشية الأصل: \"بن عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٢) في م: \"ولا قرابة\".\nوالحديث عند ابن عدي في الكامل ٧/ ٢٧١٤. وأخرجه الترمذي (٢٢٩٨)، من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وقال: هذا حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث يزيد.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٢٣٤٢).","vol":"20","page":462},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ خَلَفٍ الدِّمَشقِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن عبد الرَّحمَن، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا الزُّهرِيُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ وقالَ: \"ألا لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الخائنِ ولا الخائنة، ولا ذِي غِمرٍ على أخيه، ولا المَوقوفِ على حَدٍّ\". قال عليٌّ: يَحيَى بن سعيدٍ هو الفارِسِيُّ مَتروكٌ، وعَبدُ الأعلَى ضَعيفٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: لا يَصِحُّ في هذا عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- شَيءٌ يُعتَمَدُ عَلَيهِ.\nويُروَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-:\n\n٢٠٦٠٦ - حَدَّثَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بن أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا فقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى -﵄-. فذَكَرَه وقالَ فيه: والمُسلِمونَ عُدولٌ بَعضهُم على بَعضٍ إلَّا مَجلودًا في حَدٍّ، أو مُجَرَّبًا في شَهادَةِ زورٍ، أو ظَنينًا في ولاءٍ أو قَرابَةٍ (^٢).\nوهَذا إنَّما أرادَ به قبلَ أن يَتوبَ، فقَد رُوِّينا عنه أنه قال لأبِي بكرَةَ ﵀: تُبْ نَقْبَلْ (^٣) شَهادَتَكَ. وهَذا هو المُرادُ بما عَسَى يَصِحُّ فيه مِنَ الأخبار، كما هو المُرادُ بسائرِ مَن رَدَّ شَهادَتَه مَعَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٨١). وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧ من طريق سفيان به. وابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٣٢/ ٧٢ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) في م: \"تقبل\". =","vol":"20","page":463},{"text":"٢٠٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن الشَّعبِيّ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنه كان يقولُ: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ القاذِفِ أبَدًا، وتوبَتُه فيما بَينَه وبَين رَبِّهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٠٨ - قال: حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ. قال: وأنبأنا يونُسُ، عن الحَسَنِ قالا: لا تُقبَلُ شَهادَتُه أبَدًا، وتَوبَتُه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ اللهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن سالِمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ قال: تَوبَتُه فيما بَينَه وبَينَ رَبِّه مِنَ العَذابِ العَظيم، ولا تُقبَلُ شَهادَتُه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦١٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا عُبَيدَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ في القاذِفِ إذا شَهِدَ قبلَ أن يُجلَدَ فشَهادَتُه جائزَةٌ (^٤).\n_________\n= والأثر تقدم في (٢٠٥٧٥، ٢٠٥٧٦).\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل عقب (٤٨٦٦)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٧٠ من طريق هشيم به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٥٧٥، ١٥٥٥٣)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٢٠) من طريق الشعبي به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٧١ من طريق هشيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٢٠) من طريق يونس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عبيد في الناسخ والمنسوخ ١/ ٢٣٣ من طريق شريك به. وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (١٤١٦٧) من طريق آخر عن سعيد بن جبير.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٩٢٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ١٧/ ١٧١ من طرق أخرى عن إبراهيم بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":464},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4294>بابُ شَهادَةِ المَقطوعِ في السَّرِقَةِ</span>\n\n٢٠٦١١ - رَوَى أبو داودَ في \"المراسيل\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى، عن عَفّانَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن قَتادَةَ وحُمَيدٍ، عن الحَسَن، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيشٍ سَرَقَ ناقَة، فقَطَعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَدَه، وكانَ جائزَ الشَّهادَةِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ النَّسَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِيُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4295>بابُ التَّحَفُّظِ في الشَّهادَةِ والعِلمِ بها</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٦]، وقالَ ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٨٦]، وقالَ في قِصَّةِ إخوَةِ يوسُفَ: ﴿وَمَا شَهِدْنَا إِلَّا بِمَا عَلِمْنَا وَمَا كُنَّا لِلْغَيْبِ حَافِظِينَ﴾ [يوسف: ٨١].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ولا يَسَعُ شاهِدًا أن يَشهَدَ إلَّا بما عَلِمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بن يَعقوبَ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ، عن الجُرَيرِيِّ قال: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنّا عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ألا أُحَدِّثُكُم بأكبَرِ الكَبائرِ؟ الإشراكُ بالله، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ\". قال: وكانَ مُتَّكِئًا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود في المراسيل (٣٩٠). وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢١٩) من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٩٠.","vol":"20","page":465},{"text":"فجَلَسَ وقالَ: \"وشَهادَةُ الزّور، وشَهادَةُ الزّور، وشَهادَةُ الزّورِ. أو: قَولُ الزّورِ\". فما زالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يُكَررُها حَتَّى قُلنا: لَيتَه سَكَتَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن قَيسِ بنِ حَفصٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِد، كِلاهُما عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الشَّيبانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن مالكٍ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَسمولٍ المَكَّيُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن سلمةَ بنِ وَهرامَ المَكِّيُّ، عن أبيه، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ذُكِرَ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- الرَّجُلُ يَشهَدُ بشَهادَةٍ فقالَ: \"أمّا أنتَ يا ابنَ عباسٍ فلا تَشهَدْ إلَّا على أمرٍ يُضِيءُ لَكَ كَضياءِ هذه الشَّمسِ\". وأومأَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَدِه إلَى الشَّمسِ (^٣). محمدُ بن سُلَيمانَ بنِ مَسمولٍ هذا تَكَلَّمَ فيه الحُمَيدِيُّ (^٤)، ولَم يُروَ مِن وجهٍ يُعتَمَدُ عَلَيه، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٢٠٤٠٦).\n(^٢) البخاري (٦٩١٩)، ومسلم (١٤٣/ ٨٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٣٦). وأخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٩٨ من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به، وصححه وخالفه الذهبي. وأخرجه ابن عبدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢١٣ من طريق عمرو بن مالك به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٦١: وعمرو يسرق الحديث، قاله ابن عبدي.\n(^٤) هو محمد بن سليمان بن مسمول المكي المخزومى. ينظر الكلام عليه -ومنه كلام الحميدي- في: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٢٦٧، والضعفاء للعقيلى ٣/ ٤٢٣، والمجروحين ٢/ ٣٦٠.","vol":"20","page":466},{"text":"٢٠٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، أنبأنا عِمرانُ بن حُدَيرٍ، عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: قُلتُ لاِبنِ عُمَرَ: إنَّ ناسًا يَدْعونَنِي يُشهِدونَنِي، وأكرَهُ ذاكَ. قال: اشهَدْ بما تَعلَمُ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4296>بابُ وُجوهِ العِلمِ بالشَّهادَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: مِنها ما عايَنَه الشّاهِدُ فيَشهَدُ بالمُعايَنَةِ (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: وهِي الأفعالُ التي تُعايِنُها فتَشهَدُ عَلَيها بالمُعايَنَةِ.\n\n٢٠٦١٥ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِيُّ ﵀ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ البَزّازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَفصِ بنِ عبد الله، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، حَدَّثَنِي إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن صَفوانَ بنِ سُلَيمٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"رأى عيسَى ابنُ مَريَمَ ﵉ رَجُلًا يَسرِقُ فقالَ: أسرَقتَ؟ قال: لا (^٣) واللَّهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلا هو. قال: فقالَ عيسَى ﵇: آمَنتُ باللهِ وكَذَّبتُ بَصَرِي\" (^٤). أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٩٤).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) بعده في م: \"قال والله الذي لا إله إلا هو قال\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائي (٥٤٤٢) عن أحمد بن حفص به. وأحمد (٨٩٧٣)، ومسلم (٢٣٦٨/ ١٤٩)، وابن ماجه (٢١٠٢) من طرق أخرى عن أبي هريرة.","vol":"20","page":467},{"text":"فقالَ: وقالَ إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: ومِنها ما تَظاهَرَت به الأخبارُ مِمّا لا يُمكِنُ في أكثَرِه العِيانُ وتَثبُتُ مَعرِفَتُه في القُلوب، فيَشهَدُ عَلَيه بهَذا الوَجهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسَ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن سعيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: كُنتُ عِندَ ابنِ عباسٍ فأتاه رَجُلٌ فسألَه: مِمَّن أنتَ؟ فمَتَّ له برَحِمٍ بَعيدَةٍ، فألانَ له القَولَ فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اعرِفوا أنسابَكُم تَصِلوا أرحامَكُم؛ فإِنَّه لا قُربَ لِلرَّحِمِ إذا قُطِعَت وإِن كانَت قَريبَةً، ولا بُعدَ لها إذا وُصِلَت وإِن كانَت بَعيدَةً\" (^٣).\nفأمَرَ بمَعرِفَةِ الأنساب، والعِلمُ بأصلِها إنَّما يَقَعُ بتَظاهُرِ الأخبار، ولا يُمكِنُ في أكثَرِها العِيانُ.\n\n٢٠٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن يوسُفَ بنِ أبي إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي إسحاقَ أنَّه سَمِعَ الأسوَدَ\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٣٤٤٣).\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٩٠.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٩٤٣ م)، والطيالسى (٢٨٨٠)، ومن طريقه الحاكم ١/ ٨٩ وصححه، والسمعانى في الأنساب ١/ ٢١. وأخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد (٧٣) من طريق إسحاق بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٦١: إسناده جيد.","vol":"20","page":468},{"text":"يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا موسَى الأشعَرِيَّ يقولُ: لَقَد قَدِمتُ أنا وأخِي مِنَ اليَمَنِ، فمَكَثنا حينًا ما نُرَى إلَّا أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ بَيتِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِمَّا نَرَى مِن دُخولِه ودُخولِ أُمِّه على النَّبِي -ﷺ- (^١). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ بنِ يوسُفَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبي إسحاقَ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبي موسَى قال: قَدِمنا مِنَ اليَمَنِ فمَكَثنا حينًا ولا نُرَى إلَّا وابنُ مَسعودٍ وأُمُهُ مِن أهلِ بَيتِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-؛ لِكَثرَةِ دُخولِهِم ولُزومِهِم لَه (^٣). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبد اللهِ بنِ محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن يَحيَى بنِ آدَمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\nوفِي هذا كالدِّلالَةِ على أنَّ كَثرَةَ الدُّخولِ في الدَّارِ والتَّصَرُّفَ فيها يُستَدَلُّ بهِما على المِلك، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ومِنها ما سَمِعَه، فيَشهَدُ بما أثبَتَ سَمعًا مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الترمذي (٣٨٠٦) من طريق إبراهيم بن يوسف به. وأحمد (١٩٥٨٨) من طريق أبي إسحاق به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٣٧٦٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٦٠/ ١١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٨٣٨٨) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٤٣٨٤)، ومسلم (٢٤٦٠/ ١١٠).","vol":"20","page":469},{"text":"المَشهودِ عَلَيه مَعَ إثباتِ بَصَرٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦١٩ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا أبو عليٍّ صالِحُ بن محمدٍ وتَميمُ بن محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن رُمحٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنه قال له رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى لَيثٍ: إنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ يأثُرُ هذا عن رَسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-؛ أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَرِقِ بالوَرِقِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، وعن بَيعِ الذَّهَبِ بالذَّهَبِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ. فأشارَ أبو سعيدٍ بإِصبَعَيه إلَى عَينَيه وأُذُنَيه فقالَ: أبصَرَت عَيناىَ وسَمِعَت أُذُناى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَبيعوا الذَّهَبَ بالذَّهَبِ، ولا تَبيعوا الوَرِقَ بالوَرِقِ إلَّا مِثلًا بمِثلٍ، ولا تُشِفّوا بَعضَه على بَعضٍ، ولا تَبيعوا مِنه غائبًا بناجِزٍ إلَّا يَدًا بَيَدٍ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٣).\nفأخبَرَ أن العِلمَ بالقَولِ يَقَعُ بمُعايَنَةِ قائلِه وسَماعِه مِنه، وفِي هذا عن الصَّحابَةِ -﵃- أمثِلَةٌ كَثيرَةٌ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا قُلتُ: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الأعمَى إلَّا أن\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٩٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تهذيب الآثار (١٠٧٦ - مسند عمر) من طريق الليث به بنحوه. وتقدم في\n(١٠٥٧٣، ١٠٥٨٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٨٤/ ٧٦).","vol":"20","page":470},{"text":"يَكونَ أثبَتَ شَيئًا مُعايَنَةً، أو مُعايَنَةً وسَمَعًا، ثُمَّ عَمِيَ فتَجوزُ شَهادَتُه. قال: وإِذا كان القَولُ أوِ الفِعلُ وهو أعمَى لَم يَجُزْ مِن قِبَلِ أن الصَّوتَ يُشبِهُ الصَّوتَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بن قَيسٍ العَنَزِيُّ، سَمِعَ قَومَه يَقولونَ: إنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- رَدَّ شَهادَةَ أعمَى في سَرِقَةٍ؛ لَم يُجِزْها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كَرِهَ شَهادَةَ الأعمَى (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وإِذا كان هذا هَكَذا كان الكِتابُ أحرَى ألَّا يَحِلَّ لأحَدٍ يَشهَدُ عَلَيهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن أبي المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا بشرُ بن أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن [الحسينِ بنِ نَصرٍ] (^٥) الحَذّاءُ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٩٠.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٢٣). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٨٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٢٢٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٧٩) من طريق سفيان الثوري به.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٩١.\n(^٥) في الأصل، س، م: \"نصر بن الحسين\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"كذا في الأصلين، وفي\nأصل خ ر أنه كذا في الأصل، وقد انقلب معنى أنه إنما هو أحمد بن الحسين بن نصر، والله أعلم\".\nوقد تقدم على الصواب مرارًا، وينظر تاريخ بغداد ٤/ ٩٧.","vol":"20","page":471},{"text":"حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينيِّ، حدثنا وكيعُ بن الجَرّاحِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو مُعاويَةَ عمرُو بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ وهبٍ النَّخَعِيُّ قال: قُلتُ لِلشَّعبِيِّ، أو سَمِعتُ رَجُلًا قال لِلشَّعبِيِّ: أعرِفُ نَقشَ خاتَمِي في الصَّكِّ ولا أعرِفُ الشَّهادَةَ. قال: لا تَشهَدْ إلَّا على ما تَعرِفُ؛ فإِنَّ النّاسَ قَد يَنقُشونَ على الخَواتيمِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٢٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عليٌّ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: قُلتُ لإبراهيمَ: أرَى اسمِي في الصَّكِّ ولا أذكُرُ الشَّهادَةَ. فقالَ: قال اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (^٢) [الزخرف: ٨٦].\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4297>بابُ ما يَجِبُ على المَرءِ مِنَ القيامِ بشَهادَتِه إذا شَهِدَ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى﴾ [المائدة: ٨]، وقالَ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَو فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا﴾ الآية [النساء: ١٣٥]، وقالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: الَّذِي أحفَظُ عن كُلِّ مَن سَمِعتُ مِنه مِن أهلِ العِلمِ في هذه الآيَةِ أنَّه في الشَّاهِدِ قَد لَزِمَته الشَّهادَةُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية ٤/ ٣١٤ من طريق عمرو بن عبد الله النخعى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥١٧) من طريق آخر عن الشعبي بنحوه.\n(^٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٣/ ٢٤٢ لابن المنذر عن ابن عون بنحوه.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٩٢.","vol":"20","page":472},{"text":"٢٠٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ قال: أو آبائِكُم أو أبنائِكُم، ولا تُحابوا غَنيًّا لِغِناه، ولا تَرحَموا مِسكينًا لِمَسكَنَتِه، وذَلِكَ قَولُه: ﴿إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَو فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا﴾ وفِي قَولِه: ﴿فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا﴾ فتَذَروا الحَقَّ فتَجوروا (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَإِنْ تَلْوُوا أَو تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ١٣٥] ﴿تَلْوُوا﴾ يقولُ: تبَدِّلوا الشَّهادَةَ. ﴿أَو تُعْرِضُوا﴾ يقولُ: تَكتُموها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدَّثنا العباسُ بن الفَضلِ الأسفاطِيُّ، حدَّثنا إبراهيمُ بن حَمزَةَ، حدَّثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبد اللهِ يَعنِي ابنَ الهادِ، عن عُبادَةَ يَعنى ابنَ الوَليدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ بنِ الصَّامِتِ، عن أبيه قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: بايَعْنا رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- على\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٠٧٧، ٦٠٨٧، ٦٠٩٠)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٨٦ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٢٩٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٦٠٩٩، ٦١٠٢)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٧/ ٥٩٠ من طريق ابن أبي نجيح به بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":473},{"text":"السَّمعِ والطّاعَةِ في العُسرِ واليُسرِ والمَنشَطِ والمَكرَهِ وأثَرَةٍ عَلَينا، لا (^١) نُنازِعُ الأمرَ أهلَه، ونَقولُ الحَقَّ حَيثُما كُنّا؛ لا نَخافُ في اللهِ لَومَةَ لائمٍ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن عبدِ العَزيزِ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وَجهٍ (^٣) آخرَ عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الوَليدِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: سَمِعتُ كُدَيرًا الضَّبِّيَّ -قال أبو إسحاقَ: سَمِعتُه مِنه مُنذُ خَمسينَ سنةً. قال شُعبَةُ: وسَمِعتُه أنا مِن أبي إسحاقَ مُنذُ أربَعينَ سنةً أو أكثَرَ. قال أبو داودَ: وسَمِعتُه أنا مِن شُعبَةَ مُنذُ خَمسٍ أو سِتٍّ وأربَعينَ سنةً- قال: أتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أخبِرْنِي بعَمَلٍ يُدخِلُنى الجَنَّةَ. قال: \"قُلِ العَدلَ وأعطِ الفَضلَ\". قال: فإِن لَم أُطِقْ ذاكَ. قال: \"فأطعِمِ الطعامَ وأفشِ السَّلامَ\". قال: فإِن لَم أُطِقْ ذاكَ، أو: أستَطِعْ ذاكَ؟ قال: \"فهَل لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فانظُرْ بَعيرًا مِن إبِلِكَ وسِقاءً، وانظُرْ أهلَ بَيتٍ لا يَشرَبونَ الماءَ إلَّا غِبًّا فاسقِهِم؛ فإِنَّكَ لَعَلَّكَ ألَّا يَنفُقَ بَعيرُكَ ولا يَنخَرِقَ سِقاؤُكَ حَتَّى تَجِبَ لَكَ الجَنَّةُ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في نسخة المصنف: \"ولا\"، وفي س، م: \"وألا\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٧١٢٢) من طريق ابن الهاد به. وتقدم في (١٦٦٢٩، ١٦٦٣٠) من طريق عبادة به.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"أوجه\".\n(^٤) مسلم ٣/ ١٤٧٠ (١٧٠٩) عقب (٤١)، والبخاري (٧١٩٩).\n(^٥) الطيالسي (١٤٥٨). وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في الآحاد والمثانى (٢٧٢٨) من طريق شعبة به. وتقدم في (٧٨٨٥) من طريق أبي إسحاق.","vol":"20","page":474},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4298>بابُ ما جاءَ في خَيرِ الشُّهَداءِ</span>\n\n٢٠٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا محمدُ بنْ عبدِ السَّلامِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن ابنِ أبي عمرَةَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ خالِدٍ الجُهَنِيِّ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ألا أُخبِرُكُم بخَيرِ الشُّهَداءِ؟ الَّذِي يأتِي بشَهادَتِه قبلَ أن يُسألَها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢). وهَذا -واللهُ أعلمُ- في الَّذِي عِندَه لإنسانٍ شَهادَةٌ وهو لا يَعلَمُ بها فيُخبِرُ بشَهادَتِهِ.\nوبِمَعناه ذَكَرَه مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، ورَواه ابنُ وهبٍ عن مالكٍ وذَكَرَ سَماعَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِن هَؤُلاءِ الرّواةِ عَمَّن فوقَه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٢٩ - ورَواه أُبَيُّ بن العباسِ بنِ سَهلٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أخبرَنِي خارِجَةُ بن زَيدٍ قال: أخبرَني عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي عمرَةَ قال: أخبرَني زَيدُ بن خالِدٍ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ-. فزادَ خارِجَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ في إسنادِه. أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابن قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا الهَيثَمُ بن خَلَفٍ الدّورِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ المُخَرِّمِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، أخبرَنِي أُبَيُّ بن عباسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٧٢٠، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢١٦٨٣)، والترمذي (٢٢٩٦). وقال الترمذي: حديث حسن.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٩/ ١٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٩٦) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذي (٢٢٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٤) من طريق زيد بن الحباب، وعند الترمذي: =","vol":"20","page":475},{"text":"٢٠٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بن الجُنَيدِ أبو صالِحٍ البَذَشِيُّ القُومِسِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِيُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بن دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: مَن كانَت عِندَه شَهادَةٌ فلا يقولُ: لا أشهَدُ بها إلا عِندَ إمامٍ. ولَكِنَّه يَشهَدُ لَعَلَّه يَرجِعُ ويَرعَوِي (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ وهو الصَّحيحُ.\nوقَد رُوِي مَرفوعًا (^٢)، ولا يَصِحُّ رَفعُه.\n\n٢٠٦٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ الشَّيبانِيُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁-: مَن كانَت عِندَه شَهادَةٌ فلَم يَشهَدْ بها حَيثُ رآها أو حَيثُ عَلِمَها (^٣) فإِنَّما يَشهَدُ على ضِغنٍ (^٤).\nهذا مُنقَطِعٌ فيما بَينَ الثَّقَفِيِّ وعُمَرَ -﵁-.\n_________\n= أبو بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم. وعند ابن ماجه: أبو بكر بن عمرو بن حزم. مكان: أبو بكر ابن عبد الرحمن. وفي مطبوعة ابن ماجه: \"محمد بن عبد الله بن عمرو\". وينظر تحفة الأشراف (٣٧٥٤). وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب من هذا الوجه.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المقرئ في معجمه (٤٤٥) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥٥٩)، وأبو عبيد في غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٢٧ من طريق محمد بن مسلم به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عبدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢١٣٩ من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٣) في م: (علم).\n(^٤) ضغن: أي حقد وعداوة. النهاية ٣/ ٩١.","vol":"20","page":476},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4299>بابُ كَراهيَةِ التَّسارُعِ إلَى الشَّهادَةِ وصاحِبُها بها عالِمٌ حَتَّى يَستَشهِدَهُ</span>\n\n٢٠٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ وأبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الأُمَوِيُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بن أحمدَ ابنِ تَميمٍ القَنطَرِيُّ وأبو أحمدَ بكرُ بن محمدِ بنِ حَمدانَ الصَّيرَفِيُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ عبدُ المَلِكِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بن سَعدٍ السَّمّانُ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"خَيرُ النَّاسِ قَرنِي، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم\". قال: ولا أدرِي قال في الثّالِثَةِ أو في الرّابِعَةِ: \"ثُمَّ يَخلُفُ بَعدَهُم خَلْفٌ تَسبِقُ شهادَةُ أحَدِهِم يَمينَه، ويَمينُه شهادَتَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عليٍّ عن أزهَرَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ وأبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ قالا: حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن بَشّارٍ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"خَيرُ النَّاسِ قَرنِي ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ يَنشأُ قَومٌ يَنذُرونَ ولا يُوفونَ، ويَحلِفونَ ولا يُستَحلَفونَ، ويَخونونَ ولا يُتَّمنُونَ (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الشاشي في مسنده (٧٩٢) عن أبي قلابة به. وأحمد (٣٩٦٣) عن أزهر به. وتقدم في\n(١٩٩٣٨، ٢٠٤١٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٣٣/ ١٢)، والبخاري (٢٦٥٢، ٣٦٥١).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يؤتمنون\". وقال النووي في شرح مسلم ١٦/ ١٨: \"يتمنون\" بتشديد النون. لكن ذكر ابن حجر في الفتح ٥/ ٢٥٩ أن النووي قال: يتمنون بتشديد المثناة.","vol":"20","page":477},{"text":"ويَشهَدونَ ولا يُستَشهَدونَ، ويَفشو فيهِمُ السِّمَنُ\" (^١). قال أبو الفَضلِ في حَديثِه: سَمِعتُ أحمدَ بنَ سلمةَ يقولُ: \"يحلِفونَ ثم لَيسَ إلَّا في حَديثِ هِشامٍ مِن أصحابِ قَتادَةَ. رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ بزيادَتِهِ (^٢).\nوهَذِه زيادَةٌ يَنفَرِدُ بها مُعاذُ بن هِشامٍ عن أبيهِ:\n\n٢٠٦٣٤ - فقَد حَدَّثَناه أبو بكرِ بنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"خَيرُ أُمَّتِي القَرنُ الَّذِي بُعِثتُ فيهِم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ الَّذينَ يَلونَهُم، ثُمَّ يأتِي قَومٌ يَنذُرونَ ولا يُوْفونَ، ويَخونونَ ولا يُتَّمَنُونَ (^٣)، ويَشهَدونَ ولا يُستَشهَدونَ، ويَفشو فيهِمُ السِّمَنُ\" (^٤). هَكَذا رَواه سائرُ أصحابِ هِشامٍ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ الحَلِف، وذِكرُ الحَلِفِ فيه -إن كان حَفِظَه مُعاذٌ- يوافِقُ حَديثَ ابنِ مَسعودٍ.\nوقَد يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ بذَلِكَ في الشَّهادَةِ أن يُشهَدَ بما لَم يُشهَدْ عَلَيه ولَم يَعلَمْه فيَكونَ شاهِدَ زورٍ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ والعِصمَةُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٢٣) من طريق هشام به دون ذكر زيادة هشام. وأبو داود (٤٦٥٧)، والترمذي (٢٢٢٢)، وابن حبان (٦٧٢٩) من طريق قتادة به وبنحوه. وتقدم من وجه آخر عن عمران في (٢٠١١٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٣٥/ ٢١٥).\n(^٣) في س، م: \"يوْتمنون\".\n(^٤) الطيالسي (٨٩٢)، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٢٤٦٤).","vol":"20","page":478},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4300>بابُ ما على مَن دُعِي ليَشهَدَ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\n\n٢٠٦٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ وخالِدٌ وإِسماعيلُ بن إبراهيمَ، عن يونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: إذا دُعِي ليَشهَدَ، وإِذا دُعِيَ ليُقيمَها؛ كِلاهُما (^١).\nزادَ فيه غَيرُه عن الحَسَنِ: فإِنَّ النّاسَ كُلَّهُم لَو أبَوا أن يَشهَدَ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ لَم يَسَعْهُم ذَلِكَ. وقَد ذَهَبَ جَماعَةٌ مِنَ المُفَسِّرينَ إلَى أنَّ هذه الآيَةَ في إقامَةِ الشَّهادَةِ، والآيَةُ مُحتَمِلَةٌ لِلوَجهَينِ جَميعًا كما ذَهَبَ إلَيه الحَسَنُ، وهو في التَّحَمُّلِ فرضٌ على الكِفايَةِ، فإِذا قامَ به وبِالكِتابَةِ مَن يَكفِي أخرَجَ مَن تَخَلَّفَ مِنَ المأثَم، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4301>بابُ ﴿وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢]\n\n٢٠٦٣٦ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي زيادٍ، عن مِقسَمٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٤٦٣ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٩٦ من طريق هشيم به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٢٦٨٧)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١١٣) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم ابن علية به.","vol":"20","page":479},{"text":"قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ﴾ قال: أن يَجِيءَ فيَدعوَ الكاتِبَ والشَّهيدَ فيَقولانِ: إنّا على حاجَةٍ. فيُضارُّ بهِما، فقالَ: قَد أُمِرتُما أن تُجيبا. فلا يُضارَّهُما (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا﴾ يقولُ: مَنِ احتيجَ إلَيه مِنَ المُسلِمينَ قَد شَهِدَ على شَهادَةٍ أو كانَت عِندَه شَهادَةٌ فلا يَحِلُّ له أن يأبَى إذا ما دُعِيَ. ثُمَّ قال بعدَ هذا: ﴿وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ﴾ والإضرارُ أن يَقولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ وهو عنه غَنِيٌّ: إنَّ اللهَ قَد أمَرَكَ ألَّا تأبَى إذا ما دُعيتَ، فيُضارَّه بذَلِكَ وهو مُكتَفِي (^٢) بغَيرِه، فنَهاه اللهُ وقالَ: ﴿وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ﴾ يَعنى بالفُسوقِ المَعصيَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ فِراسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٦)، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٠٢٢)، وابن جرير في\nتفسيره ٥/ ١١٣، ١١٤ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) في م: \"مكفى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٢/ ١٤٧)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١١٥ من طريق عبد الله بن صالح به.","vol":"20","page":480},{"text":"إبراهيمَ الدَّيبُلِيُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قرأ عُمَرُ -﵁- (وَلا يُضارَرْ (^١) كاتِبٌ ولا شَهيدٌ). قال سفيانُ: هو الرَّجُلُ يأتى الرَّجُلَ فيَقولُ: اكتُبْ لِي، فيَقولُ: أنا مَشغولٌ، انظُرْ غَيرِي، [فلا يُضارُّه فيقولُ] (^٢): لا أُريدُ إلَّا أنتَ، ليَنظُرْ غَيرَه. والشَّهيدُ أن يأتىَ الرَّجُلَ يُشهِدُه على الشَّئِ فيَقولَ: إنِّي مَشغولٌ، فانظُرْ غَيرِي، فلا يُضارُّه فيَقولُ: لا أُريدُ إلَّا أنتَ، ليُشهِدْ غَيرَه (^٣)، لَيسَ في رِوايَةِ ابنِ قَتادَةَ قَولُ سُفيانَ.\n\n٢٠٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن حُمَيدٍ الأعرَجِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: لا يُضارَّ الكاتِبُ ولا الشَّهيدُ، يقولُ: يأتِيه فيَشغَلُه عن ضَيعَتِه وعن سوقِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٤٠ - قال: وأنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن الحَسَنِ في قَولِه: ﴿وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ﴾ قال: لا يُضارَّ الكاتِبُ فيَكتُبَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"يضار\". والمثبت هو قراءة لعمر كما في تفسير عبد الرزاق ١/ ١١١، وسعيد بن منصور (٤٦٦)، وابن جرير ٥/ ١١٤.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"ولا يضاره يقول\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٤٦٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ١/ ١١١ - ومن طريقه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١١٤ - وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٧) من طريق سفيان به. وعند ابن المنذر وحده قول سفيان.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٣٩)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١١٤، ١١٥ من طرق أخرى عن مجاهد بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":481},{"text":"ما لَم يُؤمَرْ به، ولا يُضار الشَهيدُ فيَزيدَ في شَهادَتِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٤١ - قال: وأنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4302>بابُ مَن رَدَّ شَهادَةَ العَبيدِ ومَن قَبِلَها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: قال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢] قال: ورِجالُنا أحرارُنا لا مَماليكُنا الذين (^٣) يَغلِبُهُم مَن يَملِكُهُم على كَثيرٍ مِن أُمورِهِم، فلا يَجوزُ شَهادَةُ مَملوكٍ في شَئٍ وإِن قَل (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ قال: مِنَ الأحرارِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٠٢٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١١٢ من طريق آخر عن الحسن بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ١١٢ من طريق سعيد بنحوه. وعبد الرزاق عقب (١٥٥٦٣) -ومن طريقه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٣٠٢٦)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (١٤٤) - من طريق آخر عن قتادة.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الذي\".\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٨٨، ٨٩.\n(^٥) سفيان في التفسير ص ٧٣، ومن طريقه سعيد بن منصور (٤٥٦ - تفسير)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٤٣)، وابن المنذر في تفسيره (٩٣)، وابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٨٦.","vol":"20","page":482},{"text":"٢٠٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا داودُ بن أبي هِندٍ قال: سألتُ مُجاهِدًا عن الظِّهارِ مِنَ الأمَةِ، قال: لَيسَ بشَئٍ. فقُلتُ: ألَيسَ اللهُ سُبحانَه يقولُ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ﴾ أفَلَيسَت مِنَ النِّساءِ؟ فقالَ: فاللهُ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ أفَتَجوزُ شَهادَةُ العَبيدِ؟ (^١)\nفبَيَّنَ مُجاهِدٌ أن مُطلَقَ الخِطابِ يَتَناوَلُ الأحرارَ، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقالَ أبو يَحيَى السّاجِيُّ: رُوِيَ عن عليٍّ والحَسَنِ والنَّخَعِيِّ والزُّهرِيِّ ومُجاهِدٍ وعَطاءٍ: لا تَجَوُزُ شَهادَةُ العَبيدِ (^٢).\nوقالَ البخاريُّ في التَّرجَمَةِ: قال أنَسٌ: شَهادَةُ العَبدِ جائزَةٌ إذا كان عَدلًا. وأجازَها شُرَيحٌ وزُرارَةُ بن أوفَى، وقالَ ابنُ سيرينَ: شَهادَتُه جائزَةٌ إلَّا العَبدَ لِسَيِّدِهِ. وأجازَها الحَسَنُ وإِبراهيمُ في الشَّئِ التّافِهِ، وقالَ شُرَيحٌ: كُلُّكُم بَنو عَبيدٍ وإِماءٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4303>بابُ مَن رَدَّ شَهادَةَ الصِّبيانِ، ومَن قَبِلَها في الجِراحِ ما لَم يَتَفَرَّقوا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَولُ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ يَدُلُّ على ألَّا تَجوزَ شَهادَةُ الصِّبيانِ -واللهُ أعلمُ- في شَئٍ، ولأنَّه إنَّما خوطِبَ\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٤٥٧ - تفسير)، وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٥/ ٨٦ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٨٩٩). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٨٥، ١٥٤٨٦) عن الزهري والنخعي. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٥٤٠، ٢٠٥٤٣) عن عطاء ومجاهد، وفي (٢٢١٤٣) عن الحسن.\n(^٣) البخاري عقب (٢٦٥٨).","vol":"20","page":483},{"text":"بالفَرائضِ البالِغونَ دونَ مَن لَم يَبلُغْ، ولأنَّهُم لَيسوا مِمَّن يُرضَى مِنَ الشُّهَداءِ، وإِنَّما أمَرَنا اللهُ أن نَقبَلَ شَهادَةَ مَن نَرضَى (^١).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد رُوِّينا عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثةٍ؛ عن الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحتَلِمَ، وعن المَعتوهِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ، وعن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ\" (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: فإِن قال قائلٌ: أجازَها ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ. فابنُ عباس رَدَّها (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في شَهادَةِ الصِّبيانِ: لا تَجوزُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ قالا: أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ أنه كَتَبَ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- يَسألُه عن شَهادَةِ الصِّبيانِ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: إنَّ اللهَ ﷿ يقولُ: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ ولَيسوا مِمَّن نَرضَى، لا تَجوزُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٤٨ مختصرًا.\n(^٢) تقدم مرارًا، وينظر (٥١٥٤). وسيأتي في (٢١٦٢٤).\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٤٨.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٩٨)، والشافعي ٧/ ٨٩. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٩٥) من طريق ابن أبي مليكة به.\n(^٥) سعيد بن منصور (٤٥٥ - تفسير).","vol":"20","page":484},{"text":"٢٠٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي [محمدُ بن عليٍّ] (^١) الصَّنعانىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانىُّ، حدثنا زيدُ (^٢) بن المُبارَكِ الصَّنعانىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن ثَورٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: أرسَلتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أسألُه عن شَهادَةِ الصِّبيانِ فقالَ: قال اللهُ ﷿: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ ولَيسوا مِمَّن نَرضَى. قال: فأرسَلتُ إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ أسألُه فقالَ: بالحَرِيِّ إنْ سُئلوا أن يَصدُقوا. قال: فما رأيتُ القَضاءَ إلَّا على ما قال ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ كان يَقضِي بشَهادَةِ الصِّبيانِ فيما بَينَهُم مِنَ الجِراحِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4304>بابُ مَن رَدَّ شَهادَةَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]، وقالَ: ﴿وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ﴾ وقالَ: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ففِي هاتَينِ الآيَتَينِ -والله أعلمُ- دِلالَةٌ على\n_________\n(^١) في الأصل، س، م: \"علي بن محمد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٧٣٢).\n(^٢) في الأصل، س، م: \"يزيد\". وينظر ما تقدم في (١٠٧٣٢). وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٠/ ١٠٤.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢٨٦ وصححه. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٩٤)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢١٣١٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ١٠ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٧٢٦.","vol":"20","page":485},{"text":"أنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى إنَّما عَنَى المُسلِمينَ دونَ غَيرِهِم مِن قِبَلِ أنَّ رِجالَنا ومَن نَرضَى مِن أهلِ دينِنا لا المُشرِكونَ لِقَطْعِ اللهِ تَعالَى الوَلايَةَ بَينَنا وبَينَهُم بالدّينِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ: وكَيفَ يَجوزُ أن تُرَدَّ شَهادَةُ مُسلِمٍ بأن نَعرِفَه يَكذِبُ على بَعضِ الآدَميّينَ ونُجيزُ شَهادَةَ ذِمِّىٍّ وهو يَكَذِبُ على اللهِ ﵎؟! (^٢).\nقالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وقَد أخبرَنا اللهُ بأنَّهُم قَد بَدَّلوا كِتابَ اللهِ وكَتَبوا الكِتابَ بأيديهِم وقالوا: ﴿هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ (^٣) الآيَةَ [البقرة: ٧٩].\n\n٢٠٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنىُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَني شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِيِّ، أخبرَني عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن عبد اللهِ أنَّ عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ، كَيفَ تَسألونَ أهلَ الكِتابِ عن شَئٍ وكِتابُكُمُ الَّذِي أنزَلَ اللهُ على رسولِه أحدَثُ الأخبارِ باللهِ، تَقرَءونَه مَحضًا لَم يُشَبْ، وقَد حَدَّثَكُمُ اللهُ أنَّ أهلَ الكِتابِ قَد بَدَّلوا ما كَتَبَ اللهُ، وغَيَّروا وكَتَبوا بأيديهِمُ الكُتُبَ وقالوا: هو مِن عِندِ اللهِ. ليَشتَروا به ثَمَنًا قَليلًا، أفَلا يَنهاكُم ما جاءَكُم مِنَ العِلمِ عن مَسْأَلَتِهم؟! (^٤) فلا واللهِ ما رأينا رَجُلًا مِنهُم قَطُّ يَسألُكُم\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٤٢.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٤٣.\n(^٤) في م: \"مساءلتهم\".","vol":"20","page":486},{"text":"عن الَّذِي أُنزِلَ عَلَيكُم (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٤٩ - وأخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بن شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن يونُسَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٢).\nرَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي اليَمانِ وعن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عَروبَةَ، حدثنا بُندارٌ وابنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا عثمانُ بن عُمَرَ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: كان أهلُ الكِتابِ يَقرَءونَ التَّوراةَ بالعِبرانيَّةِ ويُفَسِّرونَها بالعَرَبيَّةِ لأهلِ الإسلامِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُصَدِّقوا أهلَ الكِتابِ ولا تُكَذِّبوهُم، وقولوا: آمنَّا باللهِ وما أُنزلَ إلينا وما أُنزلَ إليكم\". الآيَةَ (^٤). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٦٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا شاذانُ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ سُفيانَ الثَّورِيِّ فسَمِعتُ شَيخًا يُحَدِّثُ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الآداب (٤٥٩). وتقدم في (١٧٢١٠).\n(^٢) ينظر التخريج السابق.\n(^٣) البخاري (٧٥٢٣، ٢٦٨٥).\n(^٤) كذا بالنسخ، وهو يشير إلى الآية (٤٦) من سورة العنكبوت. والحديث أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١٣٨٧) عن محمد بن المثنى به. وينظر الدر المنثور ١١/ ٥٥٩.\n(^٥) البخاري (٧٣٦٢).","vol":"20","page":487},{"text":"يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَتَوارَثُ أهلُ مِلَّتَينِ شَتَّى، ولا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ مِلَّةٍ على مِلَّةٍ إلَّا مِلَّةَ محمدٍ، فإِنَّها تَجوزُ على غَيرِهِم\". قال أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ شاذانُ: فسألتُ عن هذا الشيخِ بَعضَ أصحابِنا، فزَعَمَ أنَّه عُمَرُ بن راشِدٍ الحَنَفِيُّ (^١).\nورَواه بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليدِ عن الأسوَدِ بنِ عامِرٍ -وهو شاذانُ- عن عُمَرَ بنِ راشِدٍ:\n\n٢٠٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ الطَّرائفِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن عبد رَبِّه الحِمصِيُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ عامِرٍ الأزدِيِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ راشِدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَرِثُ مِلَّةٌ مِلَّةً، ولا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ مِلَّةٍ على مِلَّةٍ إلَّا شهادَةَ المُسلِمينَ، فإِنَّها تَجوزُ على جَميعِ المِلَلِ\" (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحَسَنُ بن موسَى عن عُمَرَ بنِ راشِدٍ (^٣).\nورَواه عليُّ بن الجَعدِ عن عُمَرَ كما:\n\n٢٠٦٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما سيأتي في (٢٠٦٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٧٦ من طريق بقية به بنحوه. والبزار (٨٦٣١) من طريق عمر بن راشد به بدون موضع الشاهد.\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٦٩ من طريق الحسن بن موسى به.","vol":"20","page":488},{"text":"عُمَرُ بن راشِدٍ اليَمامِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبي كَثيرٍ، عن أبي سلمةَ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أحسِبُه قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَرِثُ أهلُ مِلَّةٍ مِلَّةً، ولا تجوزُ شهادَةُ مِلَّةٍ على مِلَّةٍ، إلَّا أُمَّتِي تَجوزُ شَهادَتُهُم على مَن سِواهُم\" (^١).\nعُمَرُ بن راشِدٍ هذا لَيسِ بالقَوِيِّ (^٢)؛ قَد ضَعَّفَه أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ ويَحيَى بن مَعينٍ وغَيرُهُما مِن أئمَّةِ أهلِ النَّقلِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٥٤ - وفيما أجازَ لي أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، عن أبي العباسِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الشّافِعِيِّ، أنبأنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ أبي نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّه قال: عَدلانِ حُرَّانِ مُسلِمانِ. يَعنى قَولَ اللهِ تَعالَى: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4305>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]\n\n٢٠٦٥٥ </span>- أخبرَنا أبو سعيد ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٥/ ١٦٧٥، ١٦٧٦. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٦٩، والطبراني في الأوسط (٥٤٣٤) من طريق علي بن الجعد به.\n(^٢) هو عمر بن راشد بن شجرة، أبو حفص اليمامى. ينظر الكلام عليه في: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ١٥٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٠٧، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزي ٢/ ٢٠٨، وقال ابن حجر في التقريب ٢/ ٥٥: ضعيف.\n(^٣) ينظر: تاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ٤/ ٣٤٥، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١٠٧.\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٨٩٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ١٢٦.","vol":"20","page":489},{"text":"أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في هذه الآيَةِ: واللهُ أعلمُ بمَعنَى ما أرادَ مِن هذا، وقَد سَمِعتُ مَن يَتأوَّلُ هذه الآيَةَ على: مِن غَيرِ قَبيلَتِكُم (^١) مِنَ المُسلِمينَ، ويَحتَجُّ فيها بقَولِ اللهِ ﵎: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَنًا﴾ والصلاةُ: الموَقَّتَةُ لِلمُسلِمينَ، وبِقَولِ اللهِ: ﴿وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى﴾ وإنَّما القَرابَةُ بَينَ المُسلِمينَ الَّذينَ كانوا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِنَ العَرَبِ أو بَينَهُم وبَينَ أهلِ الأوثانِ، لا بَينَهُم وبَينَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ، وبقولِ اللهِ: ﴿وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ﴾ وإِنَّما يَتأثَّمُ مِن كِتمانِ الشَّهادَةِ لِلمُسلِمينَ المُسلِمونَ لا أهلُ الذِّمَّةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ في قَولِه: ﴿اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ قال: مِنَ المُسلِمينَ. إلا أنَّه يقولُ: مِن القَبيلَةِ أو غَيرِ القَبيلَةِ (^٣).\nزادَ فيه غَيرُه عن الحَسَنِ: ألا تَرَى أنَّه يقولُ: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ﴾.\nورُوّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ أنَّه قال: ﴿أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾. قال: مِنَ المُسلِمينَ مِن غَيرِ حَيِّهِ (^٤).\nقال الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد سَمِعتُ مَن يَذكُرُ أنَّها مَنسوخَةٌ بقَولِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"قبيلكم\".\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٤١، ١٤٢.\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٥٨ - تفسير).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٨.","vol":"20","page":490},{"text":"﷿: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]. ورأيتُ مُفتِي أهلِ دارِ الهِجرَةِ والسُّنَّةِ يُفتونَ ألّا تَجوزَ شَهادَةُ غَيرِ المُسلِمينَ العُدولِ، وذَلِكَ قَولى (^١).\nوحَكَى الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ المُسَيِّبِ وأبِي بكرِ بنِ حَزمٍ وغَيرِهِما أنَّهُم أبَوا إجازَةَ شَهادَةِ أهل الذِّمَّةِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: هذا مَعَ ما رُوِىَ عن ابنِ المُسَيِّبِ أنَّه كان يقولُ في قَولِه: ﴿أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾: مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ (^٣). دَلَّ على أنَّه اعتَقَدَ فيها النَّسخَ، أو حَمَلَ الآيَةَ على غَيرِ الشَّهادَةِ، كما نَذكُرُه إن شاءَ اللهُ.\n\n٢٠٦٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن كامِلٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن سَعدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، حدثنا أبي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه عَطيَّةَ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في هذه الآيَةِ قال: هِي مَنسوخَةٌ (^٤).\nومِن أهلِ التَّفسيرِ مَن حَمَلَ الشَّهادَةَ المَذكورَةَ في هذه الآيَةِ على اليَمينِ، كما سُمّيَت أيمانُ المُتَلاعِنَينِ شَهادَةً.\nومَعنَى الآيَةِ حينَئذٍ ما:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ١٤٢.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ١٦، ١٧، ٣٢.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٣.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ١٠٧، وابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٢٣٤، ١٢٣٥ (٦٩٦٥) عن محمد بن سعد به.","vol":"20","page":491},{"text":"٢٠٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِيُّ وأبو محمدٍ الكَعبِيُّ قالا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ يَزيدُ بن صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بُكَيرُ بن مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيَّانَ في قَولِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ يقولُ: شاهِدانِ ذَوا عَدلٍ مِنكُم مِن أهلِ دينِكُم. ﴿أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ يقولُ: يَهوديَّينِ أو نَصرانيَّينِ. قَولُه: ﴿إِنْ أَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ وذَلِكَ أنَّ رَجُلَينِ نَصرانيَّينِ مِن أهلِ دارِين (^١) أحَدُهُما تَميمٌ والآخَرُ عَدِيٌّ صَحِبَهُما مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ في تجارَةٍ ورَكِبوا البحرَ، ومَعَ القُرَشِيِّ مالٌ مَعلومٌ قَد عَلِمَه أولياؤُه مِن بَينِ آنيَةٍ وبَزٍّ (^٢) ورِقَةٍ (^٣)، فمَرِضَ القُرَشِيُّ، فجَعَلَ الوَصيَّةَ إلَى الدّاريَّينِ، فماتَ فقَبَضَ الدّاريّانِ المالَ، فلَمّا رَجَعا مِن تجارَتِهِما جاءا بالمالِ والوَصيَّةِ فدَفَعاه إلَى أولياءِ المَيِّتِ، وجاءا ببَعضِ مالِه، فاستَنكَرَ القَومُ قِلَّةَ المالِ فقالوا لِلدّاريَّينِ: إنَّ صاحِبَنا قَد خَرَجَ مَعَه بمالٍ كَثيرٍ مِمّا أتَيتُما به، فهَل باعَ شَيئًا أوِ اشتَرَى شَيئًا فوُضِعَ فيه (^٤)؟ أم هَل طالَ مَرَضُه فأنفَقَ على نَفسِه؟ قالا: لا. قالوا: إنَّكُما قَد خُنتُما لَنا. فقَبَضوا المالَ ورَفَعوا أمرَهُم إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فلَمَّا نَزَلَت أن يُحبَسا بعدَ الصَّلاةِ أمَرَهُما النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) دارين: موضع بالبحرين. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٤٣٢.\n(^٢) البز: الثياب. التاج ١٥/ ٢٨ (ب ز ز).\n(^٣) الرقة: الفضة والدراهم المضروبة منها. النهاية ٢/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٤) وضع في تجارته: خسر. التاج ٢٢/ ٣٣٩ (وض ع).","vol":"20","page":492},{"text":"فقاما بعدَ الصَّلاةِ، فحَلَفا باللهِ رَبِّ السَّمَواتِ ورَبِّ الأرضِ: ما تَرَكَ مَولاكُم مِنَ المالِ إلا ما أتَيناكُم به، وإِنّا لا نَشتَرِي بأيمانِنا ثَمَنًا مِنَ الدُّنيا ﴿وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ﴾ فلَمّا حَلَفا خَلَّى سَبيلَهُما، ثُمَّ إنَّهُم وجَدوا بعدَ ذَلِكَ إناءً مِن آنيَةِ المَيِّتِ، وأخَذوا الدّاريَّينِ فقالا: اشتَرَيناه مِنه في حَياتِه. وكُذِّبا فكُلِّفا البَيِّنَةَ، فلَم يَقدِرا عَلَيها، فرَفَعوا ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﵎: ﴿فَإِنْ عُثِرَ﴾ يقولُ: فإِنِ اطُّلِعَ ﴿عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّا إِثْمًا﴾: يَعنِي الدّاريَّينِ. يقولُ: إن كانا كَتَما حَقًّا ﴿فَآخَرَانِ﴾ مِن أولياءِ المَيِّتِ ﴿يَقُومَانِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَوْلَيَانِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ﴾ يقولُ: فيَحلِفانِ باللهِ: إنَّ مالَ صاحِبِنا كان كَذا وكَذا، وإِنَّ الَّذِي نَطلُبُ قِبَلَ الدّاريَّينِ لَحَقٌّ ﴿وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٧]. فهَذا قَولُ الشّاهِدَينِ أولياءِ المَيِّتِ حينَ اطُّلِعَ على خيانَةِ الدّاريَّينِ، يقولُ اللهُ تَعالَى: ﴿ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٨] يَعنى الدّاريَّينِ والنّاسَ أن يَعودوا لِمِثلِ ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٥٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ مُعاذُ بن موسَى الجَعفَرِيُّ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ مَعروفٍ، عن مُقاتِلِ بنِ حَيّانَ، قال بُكَيرٌ: قال مُقاتِلٌ: أخَذتُ هذا التَّفسيرَ عن مُجاهِدٍ والحَسَنِ والضَّحّاكِ في قَولِ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره ٤/ ١٢٣٢ - ١٢٣٤ (٦٩٤٦، ٦٩٥٢، ٦٩٥٤، ٦٩٦٠، ٦٩٦١، ٦٩٦٣) من طريق بكير بن معروف به.","vol":"20","page":493},{"text":"﵎: ﴿اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ الآيَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ نَصرانيَّينِ مِن أهلِ دارِينَ أحَدُهُما تَميمِيٌّ والآخَرُ يَمانى صَحِبَهُما مَولًى لِقُرَيشٍ في تِجارَةٍ، فرَكِبوا البحرَ ومَعَ القُرَشِيِّ مالٌ مَعلومٌ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى ما رُوّينا (^١). قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِنَّما مَعنَى: ﴿شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ أيمانُ بَينِكُم، إذا كان هذا المَعنَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ (^٢).\nقال الشَّيخُ ﵀: وقَد ثَبَتَ مَعنَى ما ذَكَرَه مُقاتِلُ بن حَيّانَ عن أهلِ التَّفسيرِ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، إلا أَنَّه لَم يَحفَظْ فيه دَعوَى تَميمٍ وعَدِيٍّ أنَّهُما اشتَرَياه، وحَفِظَه مُقاتِلٌ:\n\n٢٠٦٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو قُتَيبَةَ سَلْمُ (^٣) بنُ الفَضلِ الأدَمِيُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ البَصرِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينيِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن آدَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبي القاسِمِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِي سَهمٍ مَعَ تَميمٍ الدّارِيِّ وعَدِيِّ بنِ بَدّاءٍ (^٤)، فماتَ السَّهمِيُّ بأرضٍ لَيسَ بها مسلمٌ، فلَمّا قَدِما بتَرِكَتِه فقَدوا جامَ (^٥) فِضَّةٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٩٢، ٩٣ عن الربيع به.\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"مسلمة\".\n(^٤) ضبط في حاشية الأصل بالمنع من الصرف. وضبط في البخاري بالصرف، وفي التاج: قال ابن\nالسيرافى: بداء، فعّالٌ من البدء، مصروف. التاج ١/ ١٤٢ (ب د أ).\n(^٥) الجام: الكأس. عون المعبود ٣/ ٣٣٧.","vol":"20","page":494},{"text":"مُخَوَّصٌ (^١) بالذَّهَبِ، فأحلَفَهُما رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ وجَدوا الجامَ بمَكَّةَ فقالوا: اشتَرَيناه مِن تَميمٍ وعَدِيٍّ. فقامَ رَجُلانِ مِن أولياءِ السَّهمِيِّ (^٢) فحَلَفا: لَشَهادَتُنا أحَقُّ مِن شَهادَتِهِما، وإِنَّ الجامَ لِصاحِبِهِم. وفيهِم نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾. أخرَجَه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: قال لي عليُّ بن عبد اللهِ؛ هو ابنُ المَدينِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- (^٤).\nبابُ مَن أجازَ شَهادَةَ أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ على الوَصيَّةِ في السَّفَرِ عِندَ عَدَمِ مَن يُشهِدُه عَلَيها مِنَ المُسلِميَن\n\n٢٠٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن نُمَيرٍ، عن زَكَريّا بنِ أبي زائدَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ واللَّفظُ له، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا زيادُ بن أيّوبَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن رَجُلًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ حَضَرَته الوَفاةُ بدَقُوقا (^٥) هذه،\n_________\n(^١) قال الحميدي: تخويصه أن يجعل عليه صفائح من ذهب كالخوص من خوص النخل يزين به. تفسير غريب ما في الصحيحين ص ٦٢.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٠٦)، والترمذي (٣٠٦٠) من طريق يحيى بن آدم به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٧٨٠).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٥٤٧)، والدارقطني ٤/ ١٦٩ من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٥) دقوقا بالمد والقصر: مدينة بين إربل وبغداد، لها ذكر في الأخبار والفتوح، كان بها وقعة للخوارج. ينظر معجم البلدان ٢/ ٥٨١.","vol":"20","page":495},{"text":"ولَم يَجِدْ أحَدًا مِنَ المُسلِمينَ يُشهِدُه على وصيَّتِه، فأشهَدَ رَجُلَينِ مِن أهلِ الكِتابِ، فقَدِما الكوفَةَ، فأتَيا الأشعَرِيَّ فأخبَراه وقَدِما بتَرِكَتِه ووَصيَّتِه، فقالَ الأشعَرِيُّ: هذا أمرٌ لَم يَكُنْ بعدَ الَّذِي كان في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فأحلَفَهُما بعدَ العَصرِ باللهِ ما خانا، ولا كَذَبا، ولا بَدَّلا، ولا كَتَما، ولا غَيَّرا، وإنَّها لَوَصيَّةُ الرَّجُلِ وتَرِكَتُه. فأمضَى شَهادَتَهُما (^١). هذا حَديثُ هُشَيمٍ، وحَديثُ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ مُختَصَرٌ.\n\n٢٠٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الحَسَنِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن طَريفٍ الكوفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بن حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- أجازَ شَهادَةَ اليَهودِ بَعضِهِم على بَعضٍ. وفِي رِوايَةِ ابنِ عبدانَ: أجازَ شَهادَةَ أهلِ الكِتابِ بَعضِهِم على بَعضٍ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رَواه أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ عن مُجالِدٍ، وهو ممّا أخطأَ فيه، وإِنَّما رَواه غَيرُه عن مُجالِدٍ عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن شُرَيحٍ مِن قَولِه وحُكْمِه، غيرَ مَرفوعٍ:\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٦٠٥). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٦، ٧٦ من طريق هشيم به. وقال الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٧١): صحيح الإسناد إن كان الشعبي سمعه من أبي موسى. وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٣٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٧٤) عن محمد بن طريف به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف ابن ماجه (٥٢٠).","vol":"20","page":496},{"text":"٢٠٦٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانيُّ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عليُّ بن مُبَشِّرٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عَبادَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبد الواحِدِ قال: سَمِعتُ مُجالِدًا يَذكُرُ عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ كُلِّ مِلَّةٍ على مِلَّتِها، ولا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ اليَهودِيِّ على النَّصرانىِّ، ولا النَّصرانىِّ على اليَهودِيِّ، إلا المُسلِمينَ فإِنَّه كان يُجيزُ شَهادَتَهُم على المِلَلِ كُلِّها (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ في قَولِه: ﴿أَو آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦]. قال: إذا ماتَ الرَّجُلُ في أرضِ غُربَةٍ فلَم يَجِدْ مُسلِمًا، فأشهَدَ مِن غَيرِ المُسلِمينَ شاهِدَينِ، فشَهادَتُهُما جائزَةٌ، فإِن جاءَ مُسلِمانِ فشَهِدا بخِلافِ ذَلِكَ، أُخِذَ بشَهادَةِ المُسلِمَينِ وتُركَتْ (^٢) شَهادَتُهُما (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه كان لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ يَهودِيٍّ ولا نَصرانىٍّ على المُسلِمينَ إلا في الوَصيَّةِ، ولا يُجيزُها في\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢٤٥. وأخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٥٦ من طريق عبد الواحد به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"وردت\".\n(^٣) سعيد بن منصور (٨٥٦ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٣، ٦٤ من طريق داود به.","vol":"20","page":497},{"text":"الوَصيَّةِ إلا في السَّفَرِ (^١).\nورَوَى يَحيَى بن وثّابٍ أن شُرَيحًا كان يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ أهلِ الكِتابِ بَعضِهِم على بَعضٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4306>بابٌ: لا يَجوزُ شَهادَةُ غَيِر عَدلٍ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [الطلاق: ٢]. وقالَ: ﴿مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٢].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وإِنّا لا نَرضَى أهلَ الفِسقِ مِنَّا، وإِنَّ الرِّضا إنَّما يَقَعُ على العُدولِ مِنَّا (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ أنه قال: قَدِمَ على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- رَجُلٌ مِن قِبَلِ العِراقِ فقالَ: جِئتُكَ لأمرٍ ما له رأسٌ ولا ذَنَبٌ (^٤). قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: وما هوَ؟ قال: شَهاداتُ الزُّورِ ظَهَرَت بأرضِنا. قال: وقَد كان ذَلِكَ؟! قال: نَعَم. قال عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ: لا واللهِ، لا يُؤسَرُ رَجُلٌ في الإسلامِ بغَيرِ العُدولِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٥١ - تفسير). وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٩/ ٦٤ من طريق هشيم وأبى معاوية به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥٣٨)، ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٨١ من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٠٢٣٠)، وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٠٠) من طريق يحيى بن وثاب به.\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٨٨.\n(^٤) ما له رأس ولا ذنب: هو قول يقال للأمر المشكل الذي لا يدرى من حيث يؤتى. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٧١.\n(^٥) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٧٢٠.","vol":"20","page":498},{"text":"قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: لا يُؤسَرُ يَعنِي: لا يُحبَسُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، عن حِبّانَ بنِ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: ادَّعِ ما شِئتَ وأْتِ بشُهودٍ عُدولٍ؛ فإِنّا أُمِرنا [بالعُدول، وأْتِ] (^٢) فسَلْ عنه. قالَ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4307>بابُ مَن تَحَمَّلَ الشَّهادَةَ وهو كافِرٌ أو صَبِيٌّ أو عبدٌ، ثُمَّ أسلَمَ الكافِرُ، وبَلَغَ الصَّبِيُّ، وعَتَقَ العَبدُ، فقاموا بشَهادَتِهِم</span>\nفيما رَوَى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبي حَبيبٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن المُطَّلِبَ بنَ أبي وَداعَةَ ويَعلَى بنَ أُمَيَّةَ كانَت عِندَهُما شَهادَةٌ في الجاهِليَّةِ، فرُفِعا إلَى مُعاويَةَ في الإسلامِ فأجازَها.\n\n٢٠٦٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِيُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا مُغيرَةُ، عن إبراهيمَ ويونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِي، أنَّهُم كانوا يَقولونَ في شَهادَةِ الغُلامِ إذا شَهِدَ قبلَ أن يَبلُغَ ثُمَّ قامَ بها إذا بَلَغَ، والنَّصرانىِّ واليَهودِيِّ إذا شَهِدا في حالِ شِركٍ ثُمَّ أسلَما، والعَبدِ إذا شَهِدَ ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ، ثُمَّ قاموا بشَهادَتِهِم: إن شَهادَتَهُم جائزَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٠٨.\n(^٢) في نسخة المصنف: \"بالعدل وأنت\".","vol":"20","page":499},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4308>بابُ القَضاءِ باليَميِن مَعَ الشّاهِدِ</span>\n\n٢٠٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ إسماعيلُ بن محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ محمدُ بن موسَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ قالا: حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِيُّ، حدثنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، حَدَّثَنِى سَيفُ بن سُلَيمانَ المَكِّيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي قَيسُ بن سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى بشاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ (^١). أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه أبو داودَ السِّجِستانىُّ في كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ والحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ عن زَيدِ بنِ الحُبابِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ اللهِ بن الحارِثِ المَخزومِيُّ عن سَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ:\n\n٢٠٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الحارِثِ المَخزومِيُّ، عن سَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٥٦)، وفي المعرفة (٥٩٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٤) عن زيد بن\nالحباب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٢/ ٣).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٦٠٨).","vol":"20","page":500},{"text":"الشَّاهِدِ. قال عمرٌو: في الأموالِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ النَّسائىُّ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو نصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وكَتَبَه لي بخَطِّه، أنبأنا أبو حاتِمِ ابنُ أبي الفَضلِ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ (ح) وأخبرَنا كامِلُ بن أحمدَ المُستَملِي، أخبرَني بشرُ بن محمدِ بنِ عبد اللهِ المُزَنىُّ وفَتحُ بن عبد الوَهّابِ الفقيهُ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السامِيُّ (^٢)، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حَنبَلٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن الحارِثِ المَخزومِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَتنِه وقالَ: مَعَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ. قال أبو قُدامَةَ في رِوايَتِه: مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ. وقالَ أحمدُ في رِوايَتِه: قال عمرٌو: في الأموال (^٣).\n\n٢٠٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: حَديثُ ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- ثابِتٌ عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، لا يَرُدُّ أحَدٌ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ مِثلَه لَو لَم يَكُنْ فيها غَيرُه، مَعَ أن مَعَه غَيرَه ممّا يَشُده (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٧٣ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ بن محمدٍ المالينىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٠٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٤. وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٧٠) من طريق عبد الله ابن الحارث به دون قول عمرو.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"الشامي\". وينظر الإكمال ٤/ ٥٥٧، والأنساب ٣/ ٢٠٣.\n(^٣) ابن عدي ٣/ ١٢٧٤، وأحمد (٢٩٦٨)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٠١١).\n(^٤) في م: \"يشهده\". وينظر الأم ٧/ ٧.","vol":"20","page":501},{"text":"حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن محمدِ بنِ الضَّحّاكِ ويَحيَى بن زَكَريّا وإِسماعيلُ بن داودَ بنِ وَردانَ، كُلُّهُم بمِصرَ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الحَكَمِ قال: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِيَّ يقولُ: قال لي محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ: لَو عَلِمتُ أن سَيفَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يَروِي حَديثَ اليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ لأفسَدتُه. قال: فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبد اللهِ إذا أفسَدتَه فسَدَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: سَيفُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَكِّيُّ ثِقَةٌ ثَبتٌ عِندَ أئمَّةِ أهلِ النَّقلِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ قال: سألتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ عن سَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ قال: هو عِندَنا ممَّن يَصدُقُ ويَحفَظُ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن عبد اللهِ ابنُ بنتِ العباسِ بنِ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن عبد الصَّمَدِ الرُّخِّىُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن المَدينِيِّ قال: وسألتُه يَعنِي يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ القَطّانَ عن سَيفِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ فقالَ: كان عِندِي ثَبتًا ممَّن يَصدُقُ ويَحفَظُ.\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا الجُنَيدِيُّ، حدثنا البخاريُّ قال: قال يَحيَى القَطّانُ: كان سَيفُ بن سُلَيمانَ حَيًّا سنةَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي ٣/ ١٢٧٤.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن الجارود في المنتقى (١٠٠٦)، وابن أبي حاتم في الجرح والتعديل ٤/ ٢٧٤، وابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٧٣ من طريق آخر عن علي بن المديني.","vol":"20","page":502},{"text":"خَمسينَ، وكانَ عِندَنا ثِقَةً ممَّن يَصدُقُ ويَحفَظُ (^١)\nوقَد تابَعَه على هذه الرِّوايَةِ عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ وأبو حُذَيفَةَ كِلاهُما عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِيِّ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-:\n\n٢٠٦٧٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يَحيَى وسَلَمَةُ بن شَبيبٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاق، أنبأنا محمدُ بن مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ قالا: أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مُسلِمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ. قال سَلَمَةُ في حَديثِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ: قال عمرٌو: في الحُقوقِ (^٢).\nوخالَفَهُما مَن لا يُحتَجُّ برِوايَتِهِم عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، فزادوا في إسنادِه طاوُسًا (^٣).\nورَواه بَعضُهُم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عمرٍو فزادَ في إسنادِه جابِرَ بنَ زَيدٍ.\nورِوايَةُ الثِّقاتِ لا تُعلَّلُ برِوايَةِ الضُّعَفاءِ، ورُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-.\n_________\n(^١) الكامل لابن عبدي ٣/ ١٢٧٤، والتاريخ الكبير ٤/ ١٧١، ٣٧١.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٠)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠٩). وأخرجه الطبراني (١١١٨٥) عن علي بن\nعبد العزيز به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٤ من طريق عبد الله بن محمد بن ربيعة عن محمد بن مسلم به.","vol":"20","page":503},{"text":"٢٠٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ عثمانَ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- ورَجُلٍ آخَرَ سَمّاه فلا يَحضُرُنِي ذِكرُ اسمِه مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ. قال عبدُ العَزيزِ: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِسُهَيلٍ قال: أخبرَني رَبيعَةُ -وهو عِندِي ثِقَةٌ- أنِّى حَدَّثتُه إيّاه ولا أحفَظُه. قال عبدُ العَزيزِ: وقَد كان أصابَ سُهَيلًا عِلَّةٌ أذهَبَت بَعضَ عَقلِه ونَسِيَ بَعضَ حَديثِه، وكانَ سُهَيلٌ بَعدُ يُحَدِّثُه عن رَبيعَةَ عنه عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد اللهِ إسحاقُ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١١)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٥٩)، وفي المعرفة (٥٩١٤). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٠)، والترمذي (١٣٤٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٨) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وقال الترمذي: حسن غريب. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٧٦).","vol":"20","page":504},{"text":"ابنُ وهبٍ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحُسَينُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ النَّوقانِيُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن داودَ الإسكَندَرانىُّ، حدثنا زيادُ بن يونُسَ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ بإِسنادِه. قال سُلَيمانُ: فلَقِيتُ سُهَيلًا فسألتُه عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: ما أعرِفُه. فقُلتُ له: إنَّ رَبيعَةَ أخبرَني به عَنكَ. قال: فإِن كان رَبيعَةُ أخبَرَكَ عَنِّي فحَدِّثْ به عن رَبيعَةَ عَنِّي (^٢).\nوقَد رَواه غَيرُ رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن سُهَيلٍ:\n\n٢٠٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفقيهُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ الرحمَنِ العامِرِيُّ مَدَنىٌّ ثِقَةٌ، أنَّه سَمِعَ سُهَيلَ بنَ أبي صالِحٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الجارود (١٠٠٧) عن الربيع بن سليمان به. والطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٤٤، وابن حبان (٥٠٧٣) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦١١). وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٧٧).","vol":"20","page":505},{"text":"ورُوِيَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبي هُرَيرَةَ:\n\n٢٠٦٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ بُندارٍ السَّبّاكُ الجُرجانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عَوفٍ ويَوسُفُ بن سعيدٍ وأحمَدُ بن أبي الخناجِرِ (^١) (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ قال: حدثنا عليُّ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ الهَيثَمِ قال: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَوفٍ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بن مُبارَكٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٦٨١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ ابنُ (^٣) الخُراسانِيِّ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ البَلَدِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن نافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنِي المُغيرَةُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبي هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مُنيرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن نافِعِ بنِ أبي نافِعٍ القُرَشِيُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: \"الحناجر\". وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٣/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٢) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٥٥. وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٠١٤) من طريق محمد بن المبارك به.\n(^٣) ليس في: س، م.\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٦٠).\n(^٥) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٥٥.","vol":"20","page":506},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ بُندارٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ عَوفٍ يقولُ: قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: لَيسَ في هذا البابِ -يَعنِي: قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ- حَديثٌ أصَحُّ مِن هَذا (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أنبأنا الحَجّاجُ بن محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: أخبرَني جَعفَرُ بن محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عُمَرُ بن محمدٍ ومالِكُ بن أنَسٍ ويَحيَى بن أيّوبَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عبدِ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن يَحيَى، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ المَدينِيُّ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ. زادَ إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ في رِوايَتِه: وأنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قَضَى به بالعِراقِ (^٢). هَكَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ مُرسَلًا.\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٥٥.\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٧٢١، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٤٥. وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٢٣) عن بحر بن نصر. وعند أبي عوانة بدون ذكر عمر بن محمد. والعقيلى في الضعفاء ٤/ ٢١٧ من طريق حجاج بن محمد به. والترمذي (١٣٤٥) من طريق إسماعيل بن جعفر به.","vol":"20","page":507},{"text":"ورَواه عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عبدِ المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ وهو مِنَ الثِّقاتِ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مَوصولًا:\n\n٢٠٦٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زكريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشَّافِعِيُّ أنَّه قال لِبَعضِ مَن يُناظِرُه. قال: فقُلتُ له: رَوَى الثَّقَفِيُّ وهو ثِقَةٌ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن جابِرٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا الإمامُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ الإسفَرايينِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ رِزمُويَه، حدثنا أبو زكريّا يَحيَى بن محمدِ بنِ غالِبٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا عليُّ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ. زادَ الحَنظَلِيُّ في رِوايَتِه: الواحِدِ. قال: وقالَ أبي: وقَضَى به عليٌّ -﵁- بالعِراقِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: ورُوِيَ عن حُمَيدِ بنِ الأسوَدِ وعَبدِ اللهِ العُمَرِيِّ وهِشامِ بنِ سَعدٍ وغَيرِهِم عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوصولًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٦)، والشافعي ١/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٢٧٨)، والترمذي (١٣٤٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٩) من طريق عبد الوهاب بن\nعبد المجيد به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٧٣٤٩) من طريق العمرى به. وأبو الشيخ في طبقات المحدثين =","vol":"20","page":508},{"text":"٢٠٦٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بن المُبارَكِ المُستَملِي، حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي حَيَّةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أتانِي جِبريلُ ﵇، فأمَرَنِي أن أقضِيَ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ، وقالَ: إنَّ يَومَ الأربِعاءِ يَومُ نَحسٍ مُستَمِرٌّ\" (^١).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٢٠٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ القاضِي، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن أبي أوَيسٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ، وقالَ: قَضَى بذَلِكَ عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ (^٢).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن أبيه عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ:\n\n٢٠٦٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ قالا: أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بن محمدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ بن سَوّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلَمةَ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن\n_________\n= ٤/ ٣٠٧ من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٩٧، ١٢٩٨ من طريق السرى بن عبد الله عن جعفر بن محمد به. ورواية حميد بن الأسود ذكرها ابن عدي في الكامل ٣/ ١٢٩٧، ١٢٩٨.\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٢٢) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٧٤: إبراهيم تركه\nالدارقطني.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدي في الكامل ٢/ ٥٥٧ من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.","vol":"20","page":509},{"text":"أبيه، عن عليٍّ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى بشاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ. وقَضَى به عليُّ بن أبي طالِبٍ -﵁- بالعِراقِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٨٩ - وقيلَ عن شَبابَةَ كما أخبرَنا السيدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بن الحُسَينِ العَلَوِيُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليٍّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ -﵁-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى بشَهادَةِ رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ مَعَ يَمينِ صاحِبِ الحَقِّ، وقَضَى به عليٌّ -﵁- بالعِراقِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه حُسَينُ بن زَيدٍ عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ:\n\n٢٠٦٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللهِ بن أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن موسَى الأنصارِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ حُسَينَ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- أنه قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ.\nعليُّ بن الحُسَينِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ جَدُّ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ وإِن لَم يُدرِكْ عَليًّا -﵁- فهو أقرَبُ مِنَ الاتِّصالِ مِن رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ عن عليٍّ -﵁-.\nوقَد رَواه غَيرُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ الباقِرِ على الإرسالِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٢ من طريق العباس بن محمد الدورى به.\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٦٢).","vol":"20","page":510},{"text":"٢٠٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا موسَى بن الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مَسلَمَةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ يَعنِي ابنَ بلالٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ عليٍّ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ.\n\n٢٠٦٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبي كَريمَةَ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدِ بنِ أبي عُبَيدٍ الدَّراوَردِيُّ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: وجَدْنا في كُتُبِ سَعدٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وذَكَرَ عبدُ العَزيزِ بن المُطَّلِبِ عن سعيدِ بنِ عمرٍو عن أبيه قال: وجَدنا في كُتُبِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ: يَشهَدُ سَعدُ بن عُبادَةَ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ عمرَو بنَ حَزمٍ أن يَقضِي باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٨)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٣٣٣) من طريق خالد به بزيادة: \"في الحقوق\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٥.","vol":"20","page":511},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، أنبأنا مُعَلَّى بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ قَيسِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّهُم وجَدوا في كِتابِ سَعدٍ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني ابنُ لَهيعَةَ ونافِعُ بن يَزيدَ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ الأنصارِيِّ، عن سَعيدِ (^٢) بنِ عمرِو بنِ شُرَحبيلَ بنِ سَعدِ (^٣) بنِ عُبادَةَ، أنه وجَدَ كِتابًا في كُتُبِ آبائه: هذا ما رَفَعَ -أو: ذَكَرَ- عمرُو بن حَزمٍ والمُغيرَةُ بن شُعبَةَ قالا: بَينا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ رَجُلانِ يَختَصِمانِ، مَعَ أحَدِهِما شاهِدٌ له على حَقِّه، فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- يَمينَ صاحِبِ الحَقِّ مَعَ شاهِدِه، فاقتَطَعَ بذَلِكَ حَقَّه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٤٦٠)، والطبراني (٥٣٦٢) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"سعد\". وينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٤٩٨، وتهذيب الكمال ١١/ ٢٢.\n(^٣) كذا في النسخ، وضبب عليها في الأصل، وهو: سعيد بن عمرو بن شرحبيل بن سعيد بن سعد بن عبادة. كما تقدم في (٢٠٦٩٣).\n(^٤) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٦٣)، وفي المعرفة (٥٩١٣). وأخرجه ابن عبد البر في التمهيد ١/ ٥٩٧ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"20","page":512},{"text":"٢٠٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبدَةَ، حدثنا عَمّارُ بن شُعَيثِ بنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ الزُّبَيبِ العَنبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: سَمِعتُ جَدِّي الزُّبَيبَ يقولُ: بَعَثَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- جَيشًا إلَى بَنى العَنبَرِ فأخَذوهم برُكبَةَ -مِن ناحيَةِ الطّائفِ- فاستاقوهُم إلَى نَبِيٌّ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فرَكِبتُ فسَبَقتُهُم إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ يا نَبيَّ اللهِ ورَحمَةُ اللهِ وبَرَكاتُه، أتانا جُندُكَ فأخَذونا وقَد كُنّا أسلَمنا وخَضْرَمنا آذانَ النَّعَمِ، فلَمَّا قَدِمَ بَلعَنبَرِ قال لِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكُم بَيِّنَةٌ على أنَّكُم أسلَمتُم قبلَ أن تُؤخَذوا في هذه الأيَّامِ؟ \". قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"مَن بَيِّنَتُكَ؟ \" قُلتُ: سَمُرَةُ، رَجُلٌ مِن بَنى العَنبَرِ. ورَجُلٌ آخَرُ سَمّاه له، فشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ وأبَى سَمُرَةُ أن يَشهَدَ، فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"قَد أبَى أن يَشهَدَ لَكَ، فتَحلِفُ مَعَ شاهِدِكَ الآخَرِ؟! قُلتُ: نَعَم. فاستَحلَفَنى فحَلَفتُ باللهِ: لَقَد أسلَمنا يَومَ كَذا وكَذا، وخَضْرَمنا آذانَ النَّعَمِ. فقالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اذهَبوا فقاسِموهُم أنصافَ الأموالِ ولا تَمَسّوا ذَراريَّهُم، لَولا أن اللهَ ﷿ لا يُحِبُّ ضَلالَةَ العَمَلِ ما رَزَيناكُم (^١) عقالًا\" قال الزُّبَيبُ: فدَعَتنِي أُمِّي فقالَت: هذا الرَّجُلُ أخَذَ زِربيَّتِي (^٢). فانصرَفتُ إلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ -ﷺ-، يَعنى فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ لِي: \"احبِسْه\". فأخَذتُ بتَلبيبِه وقُمتُ مَعَه مَكانَنا، ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إلَينا نبيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- قائمَينِ فقالَ: \"ما تُريدُ بأسيرِكَ؟ \" فأرسَلتُه مِن يَدِي فقامَ\n_________\n(^١) في س، م: (رزئناكم). وقال ابن الأثير: جاء في بعض الروايات غير مهموز، والأصل الهمز،\nوهو من التخفيف الشاذ. وضلالة العمل: بطلانه وذهاب نفعه. النهاية ٢/ ٢١٨. وينظر معالم\nالسنن ٤/ ١٧٥.\n(^٢) في م: \"زريبتى\". وكتب في حاشية الأصل: \"أي: الطنفسة. والله أعلم\". اهـ. وينظر معالم السنن\n٤/ ١٧٥.","vol":"20","page":513},{"text":"نَبِيُّ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: \"رُدَّ على هذا زِربيَّةَ (^١) أُمِّه التي أخَذتَ مِنها\". فقالَ: يا نَبِيَّ اللهِ إنَّها خَرَجَت مِن يَدِي. قال: فاختَلَعَ نَبِيُّ الله -ﷺ- سَيفَ الرَّجُلِ فأعطانيه فقالَ لِرَجُلٍ: \"اذهَبْ فزِدْه آصُعًا مِن طَعامٍ\". قال: فرّادَنِي آصُعًا مِن شَعيرٍ (^٢).\nقَولُه: خَضْرَمنا آذانَ النَّعَمِ. يُريدُ: قَطَعْنا أطرافَ آذانِها. وكان ذَلِكَ في الأموالِ عَلامَةً بَينَ مَن أسلَمَ وبَينَ مَن لَم يُسلِمْ. قالَه أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِيُّ ﵀ قال: وفي هذا الحديثِ استِعمالُ اليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ في غَيرِ الأموالِ، إلا أن إسنادَه لَيسَ بذاكَ. قال: ويَحتَمِلُ أيضًا أن يَكونَ اليَمينُ قَصَدَ بها هاهنا المالَ؛ لأنَّ الإسلامَ يعصِمُ (^٣) المالَ كما يَحقِنُ الدَّمَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ أبي عمرٍو مَولَى المُطَّلِبِ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٦٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشَّافعِيُّ، أنبأنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال في الشَّهادَةِ:\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"زريبة\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٦١٢). وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٧٥).\n(^٣) في حاشية س، م: \"يحقن\".\n(^٤) معالم السنن ٤/ ١٧٥.\n(^٥) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٠)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.","vol":"20","page":514},{"text":"\"فإِن جاءَ بشاهِدٍ أُحْلِفَ مَعَ شاهِدِه\" (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢٠٦٩٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ الطُّوسِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الرَّقِّيُّ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بن مازِنٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قَضَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- بشاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ في الحُقوقِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُه عن مُطَرِّفٍ.\n\n٢٠٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بن عبدِ اللهِ التاجرُ (^٣)، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ حَمزَةُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ المالِكِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ قالا: حدثنا النُّفَيلِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ اللَّيثيُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ (^٤).\nمُطَرِّفُ بن مازِنٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بن عبد اللهِ [بنِ عُبيدِ] (^٥) بنِ عُمَيرٍ لَيسا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٩)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (٥٤٠٣)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٧٤ من طريق مطرف بن مازن به. ولم يذكر الطبراني: في الحقوق. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٧٦: مطرف كذّبه ابن معين.\n(^٣) في س، م: \"الناجي\". وتقدمت ترجمته في (٢٦٥٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط (١٠٥٩)، وابن عدي في الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٢٦ من طريق أبي جعفر النفيلى به.\n(^٥) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"20","page":515},{"text":"بالقَويَّينِ (^١)، وهو بإِرسالِه شاهِدٌ لِما تَقَدَّمَ.\n\n٢٠٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَني عثمانُ بن الحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيرُ بن محمدٍ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى بيَمينٍ وشاهِدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بن أحمدَ المُستَملِي، أنبأنا أبو عليٍّ الرَّفّاءُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبد اللهِ أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سَهلُ بن بَكّارٍ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ يَزيدَ مَولَى المُنبعِثِ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ المَصريّينَ، عن رَجُلٍ يَنزِلُ بَينَ أظهُرِهِم مِن أصحابِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- يُقالُ له: سُرَّقٌ. قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- بيَمينٍ وشاهِدٍ (^٣).\nتابَعَه مُسَدَّدٌ عن جوَيريَةَ هَكَذا (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ\n_________\n(^١) مطرف بن مازن الكنانى قاضى اليمن تقدم في (٦٧٦). ومحمد بن عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير تقدم في (٨٧١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوي في شرح المعاني ٤/ ١٤٤ عن بحر بن نصر به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٧٦: هذا منكر، عثمان تُكلِّمَ فيه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم في المعرفة (٣٦٨١) من طريق أبي مسلم به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٧١)، وأبو عوانة (٦٠٢٧) من طريق جويرية بن أسماء به. وعند أبي عوانة: \"عن رجل من أهل مضر\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الطبراني (٦٧١٧) من طريق مسدد به. ووقع عنده: جويرية بن إسماعيل، وهو خطأ. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ١٧٢.","vol":"20","page":516},{"text":"وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أحمدَ بنِ مَروانَ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بن زَيدٍ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- وأبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃- كانوا يَقضُونَ بشَهادَةِ الشَّاهِدِ الواحِدِ ويَمينِ المُدَّعِي. قال جَعفَرٌ: والقُضاةُ يَقضُونَ بذَلِكَ عِندَنا اليَومَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٠٥ - ورَواه أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي سَبْرَةَ عن أبي الزِّنادِ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: حَضرتُ أبا بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃- يَقضونَ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ، أنبأنا عليُّ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أحمدَ بنِ أسَدٍ الهَرَوِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إشكابَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي سَبْرَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^٣).\nوالرِّوايَةُ فيه عن أبي بكرٍ وعُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵃- ضَعيفَةٌ، وهِيَ عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ وأُبَىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ -﵄- مَشهورَةٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥. وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٦٨٣).\n(^٢) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٥. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٧٦: طلحة بن زيد متروك.\n(^٣) الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٥. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٧٧: أبو بكر -يعني ابن أبي سبرة- تركوه.","vol":"20","page":517},{"text":"وفيما رَوَى سُلَيمانُ بن بلالٍ عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ كَتَبَ بذَلِكَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ، وهو وإِن كان مُنقَطِعًا ففيه تأكيدٌ لِرِوايَةِ ابنِ أبي سَبرَةَ.\n\n٢٠٧٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مُسلِمُ بن خالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعفَرُ بن محمدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحَكَمَ بنَ عُتَيبَةَ يَسألُ أبي وقَد وضَعَ يَدَه على جِدارِ القَبرِ لَيَقومَ: أقَضَى النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ؟ قال: نَعَم، وقَضَى به على بَينَ أظهُرِكُم (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَني محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ اللَّبّانُ، أن عَبّادَ بنَ يَعقوبَ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي يَحيَى، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ، يَعنى في الأموال، وقَضَى بذَلِكَ علىٌّ -﵁- بالكوفَةِ. قال: وقَضَى بذَلِكَ أُبَيُّ بن كَعبٍ على عَهدِ عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وذُكِرَ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبي حَبيبَةَ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ، عن أبي جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، أن أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ -﵁- قَضَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩١٧)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥ بزيادة: قال مسلم: قال جعفر: في الدَّين.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٦٨٣). بدون ذكر أبي بن كعب، ودون قوله: في الأموال. وقال الذهبي\n٨/ ٤١٧٦: عبّاد تالف كشيخه.","vol":"20","page":518},{"text":"باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبد العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَى عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ الخطابِ وهو عامِلٌ له بالكوفَةِ: أن اقضِ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧١٠ - قال: وأنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا الثِّقَةُ مِن أصحابِنا، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبي الزِّنادِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَى عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وهو عامِلُه على الكوفَةِ: أن اقضِ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ فإِنَّها السُّنَّةُ. قال أبو الزِّنادِ: فقامَ رَجُلٌ مِن كُبَرائهِم فقالَ: أشهَدُ أن شُرَيحًا قَضَى بهَذا في هذا المَسجِدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧١١ - قال: وأنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وذَكَرَ عبدُ العَزيزِ الماجِشونُ، عن رُزَيقِ بنِ حُكَيمٍ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ عبد العَزيزِ أُخبِرُه أنِّي لَم أجِدِ اليَمينَ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ إلا بالمَدينَةِ. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَىَّ أن اقضِ بها؛ فإنَّها السُّنَّةُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن\nعمرٍو، حدثنا يحيى (^٥) بن جَعفَرِ بنِ الزِّبرِقانِ، أنبأنا زَيدُ بن الحُبابِ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢١)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٢٢.\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٤) ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٥) [. . .]، م: \"محمد\". وضبب عليها في الأصل وكتب في الحاشية: \"صوابه: يحيى بن =","vol":"20","page":519},{"text":"عبدُ العَزيزِ بن أبي سلمةَ أن رُزَيقَ بنَ حُكَيمٍ كان عامِلًا لِعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ على أيلَةَ، فكَتَبَ إلَيه: إنِّي لَم أجِدِ الشّاهِدَ واليَمينَ إلا بالحِجازِ. فكَتَبَ إلَيه عُمَرُ أن اقضِ به؛ فإِنَّه السُّنَّةُ.\n\n٢٠٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ الفَزارِيُّ، حدثنا حَفصُ بن مَيمونٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: خاصَمتُ إلَى الشَّعبِيِّ فى موضِحَةٍ، فشَهِد القائسُ (^١) أنَّها موضِحَةٌ، فقالَ الشّاجُّ ِلِلشَّعبِيِّ: أتَقبَلُ عليَّ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ واحِدٍ؟\nقال الشَّعبِيُّ: قَد شَهِدَ القائسُ أنَّها موضِحَة، ويَحلِفُ المَشجوجُ على مِثلِ ذَلِك. قال: فقَضَى الشَّعبِيُّ فيها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧١٤ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وذُكِرَ عن هُشَيمٍ عن مُغيرَةَ، أن الشَّعبِيَّ قال: إنَّ أهلَ المَدينَةِ يَقضونَ باليَمينِ مَعَ الشاهِدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧١٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، أن سُلَيمانَ بنَ يَسارٍ وأبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ سُئلا: أيُقضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ؟ فقالا: نَعَم (^٤)\n_________\n= جعفر\". اهـ وينظر ميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ٣٦٧.\n(^١) القائس: هو الذي يقيس الشجة ويتعرف مقدارها ليحكم فيها بعقلها. غريب الحديث لابن قتيبة ٢/ ٦٥٦.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٣)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٤) المصف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٤)، والشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٢٢","vol":"20","page":520},{"text":"٢٠٧١٦ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وذَكَرَ حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ عن أيّوبَ بنِ أبي تَميمَةَ السَّختيانِيِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ أن شُرَيحًا قضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧١٧ - قال: وذَكَرَ إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ عن أيّوبَ عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ عُتبَةَ بنِ مَسعودٍ قَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧١٨ - قال: وذَكَرَ هُشَيمٌ عن حُصَينٍ قال: خاصَمتُ إلَى عبد اللهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، فقَضَى باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧١٩ - قال الشّافِعِيُّ: وذُكِرَ عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُدَيرٍ عن أبي مِجلَزٍ قال: قَضَى زُرارَةُ بن أوفَى فقَضَى بشَهادَتِي وحدِي (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٢٠ - قال: وقالَ شُعبَةُ: عن أبي قَيسٍ وعن أبي إسحاقَ، أن شُرَيحًا أجازَ شَهادَةَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما وحدَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبي، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي إسحاقَ قال: أجازَ شُرَيحٌ شَهادَتِي وحدِي (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥.\n(^٢) الشافعي ٦/ ٢٥٥. وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٦٨) من طريق عمران به.\n(^٣) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٧٠. وأخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ٤٦/ ٢٢٤ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"20","page":521},{"text":"٢٠٧٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو سعيدٍ الأحمَسِيُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن حُمَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبي قَيسٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عِندَ شُرَيحٍ على مُصحَفٍ. فأجازَ شَهادَتَه وحدَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا يونُسُ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ إذا عَرَفَه مَعَ يَمينِ الطّالِبِ في الشَّئِ اليَسيرِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بن الفَضلِ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بن مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ، عن عبد المَجيدِ العَتَكِيِّ، أن يَحيَى بنَ يَعمَرَ كان يَقضِي بشَهادَةِ شاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو الأسوَد، أنبأنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرٍ أنه سَمِعَ أبا سلمةَ يَستَحلِفُ صاحِبَ الحَقِّ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ الواحِدِ. قال بُكَيرٌ: ولَم نَزَلْ (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٩٤ من طريق شعبة به. وابن أبي شيبة (٢٣٢٧١) من طريق آخر عن أبي قيس.\n(^٢) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٤٤ من طريق ابن سيرين به.\n(^٣) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٣/ ٣٠٥ من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٤) في س، م: \"يزل\".","vol":"20","page":522},{"text":"يُقضَى بذَلِكَ عِندَنا (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي وأبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ الصَّغانِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن يوسُفَ، حدثنا كُلثومُ بن زيادٍ قال: أدرَكتُ سُلَيمانَ بنَ حَبيبٍ والزُّهرِيَّ يَقضيانِ بذَلِكَ. يَعنى بشاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ. قال كُلثومٌ: وكانَ أبو ثابِتٍ سُلَيمانُ بن حَبيبٍ -قاضِي أهلِ المَدينَةِ ثَلاثينَ سنةً- يَقضِي باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: الزَّنْجِيُّ بن خالِدٍ أنبأنا عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: لا رَجعَةَ إلا بشاهِدَينِ إلا أن يَكونَ عُذرٌ فيأتِيَ بشاهِدٍ ويَحلِفَ مَعَ شاهِدِهِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فعَطاءٌ يُفتِي باليَمينِ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ فيما لا يقولُ به أحَدٌ مِن أصحابِنا (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: واليَمينُ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ لا يُخالِفُ مِن ظاهِرِ القُرآنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ١١٨ عن محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٥). وأخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ٣/ ٢١٠ عن محمد بن إسحاق به بدون ذكر الزهري.\n(^٣) الشافعي ٧/ ١٠.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ١٠.","vol":"20","page":523},{"text":"شَيئًا؛ لأنّا نَحكُمُ بشاهِدَينِ وبِشاهِدٍ وامرأتَينِ ولا يَمينَ، فإِذا كان شاهِدٌ حَكَمنا بشاهِدٍ ويَمينٍ، ولَيسَ هذا بخِلافِ ظاهِرِ القُرآنِ؛ لأنَّه لَم يُحَرِّمْ أن يَجوزَ أقَلُّ ممّا نَصَّ عَلَيه في كِتابِهِ (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ورسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- أعلمُ بمَعنَى ما أرادَ اللهُ ﷿، وقَد أمَرَنا اللهُ ﷿ أن نأخُذَ ما آتانا ونَنتَهِي عَمّا نَهانا، ونَسألُ اللهَ العِصمَةَ والتَّوفيقَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ البَغدادِيُّ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بن محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِي، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ وعيسَى بن مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا تَكونُ اليَمينُ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ في الطَّلاقِ ولا العَتاقِ ولا الفُرقَةِ. ولَم يَكونوا يُجيزونَ شَهادَةَ النِّساءِ لا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ إلا فيما لا يَراه إلا النِّساءُ، وكانوا يَقولونَ: مَن شَهِدَ له شاهِدٌ على قَتلِ عبدِه حَلَفَ مَعَ شاهِدِه يَمينًا واحِدَةً، واستَوجَبَ قيمَةَ عبدِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4309>بابُ تأكيدِ اليَميِن بالمكانِ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ قَرأتُ عَلَيه مِن أصلِه ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عُبَيدِ اللهِ المُنادِي، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا هاشِمُ بن هاشِمٍ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن نِسطاسٍ مَولَى كَثيرِ بنِ الصَّلتِ، أن جابِرَ بنَ عبد اللهِ أخبَرَه أنه\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٧/ ٢٠، ٢١.\n(^٢) ينظر الأم ٧/ ١٧.","vol":"20","page":524},{"text":"سَمِعَ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَحلِفُ أحَدٌ على يَمينٍ آثِمَةٍ عِندَ منبَرِي هذا ولَو على سِواكٍ أخضَرَ إلا تَبَوّأ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ. أو: وجَبَت له النّارُ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ قالَه أبو ضَمرَةَ أنَسُ بن عياضٍ عن هاشِمِ بنِ هاشِمٍ عِندَ هذا المِنبَرِ (^٢).\nورَواه مالكُ بن أنَسٍ كما:\n\n٢٠٧٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن هاشِمِ بنِ هاشِمِ بنِ عُتبَةَ بنِ أبي وقّاصٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ نِسطاسٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبد اللهِ، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على مِنبَرِي هذا بيَمينٍ آثِمَةٍ تَبَوّأ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: أُخبرْنا، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُساحِقٍ العامِرِيِّ، عن المُهاجِرِ بنِ أبي أُمَيَّةَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ أبو بكرٍ الصِّدّيقُ -﵁-: أن ابعَثْ إلَيَّ بقَيسِ بنِ مَكشوحٍ في وَثاقٍ فأُحلِفَه خَمسينَ يَمينًا عِندَ مِنبَرِ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- ما قَتَلَ داذوَيَّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٦٨). وتقدم تخريجه في (١٥٣٩٩).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥٣٩٩).\n(^٣) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٧)، وفي الصغرى عقب (٤٢٦٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٦، ١٩٧. وتقدم في (١٥٣٩٨).\n(^٤) في النسخ: \"دادوى\" بدالين مهملتين. والمثبت من حاشية الأصل. قال النووي: وهو بدال مهملة =","vol":"20","page":525},{"text":"ورَواه في القَديمِ فقالَ: أخبرَنا مَن نَثِقُ به عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ عثمانَ، عن المَقبُرِيِّ، عن نَوفَلِ بنِ مُساحِقٍ. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه وأتَمَّ مِنه (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن جَعفَرِ بنِ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن محمدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللهِ بن مُعاذٍ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ قال: قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ فأدخَل عُمَرُ بن الخطابِ -﵁- الحِجرَ مِنَ المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِم خَمسينَ رَجُلًا فأقسَموا. ما قَتَلنا ولا عَلِمنا قاتِلًا (^٢).\nوروّينا عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبي رَباحٍ، أن رَجُلًا قال لِامرأتِه: حَبلُكِ على غارِبِكِ. مِرارًا، فأتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فاستَحلَفَه بَينَ الرُّكنِ والمَقامِ: ما الَّذِي أرَدتَ بقَولِكَ؟ (^٣)\nوهُما مُرسَلانِ أحَدُهُما يُؤَكِّدُ صاحِبَه فيما اجتَمَعا فيه مِن نَقلِ اليَمينِ إلى المسجِدِ الحَرامِ.\n\n٢٠٧٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وهَذا قَولُ حُكامِ المَكّيّينَ\n_________\n= في أوله بلا خلاف، وبعد الألف ذال معجمة عند الجمهور، وقيل: مهملة. والصواب الأول. ينظر تهذيب الأسماء واللغات الجزء الأول من القسم الأول ص ١٧٩، وفيه داذويه، وكذا في الإصابة ٣/ ٣٩٩، وفي بعض نسخه: \"دادويه\". والأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٢٩)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٦.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٩٢٩).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٢٧).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥١١٧).","vol":"20","page":526},{"text":"ومُفتيهِم، ومِن حُجَّتِهِم فيه -مَعَ إجماعِهِم- أن مُسلِمًا والقَدّاحَ أخبَرانِي عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوفٍ رأى قَومًا يَحلِفونَ بَينَ المَقامِ والبَيتِ فقالَ: أعَلَى دَمٍ؟ فقالوا: لا. قال: فعَلَى عَظيمٍ مِنَ الأموالِ؟ قالوا: لا. قال: لَقَد خَشِيتُ أن يَبْهأَ (^١) النّاسُ بهَذا المَقامِ. قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فذَهَبوا إلَى أن العَظيمَ مِنَ الأموالِ ما وصفتُ مِن عِشرينَ دينارًا فصاعِدًا. قال: وقالَ مالكٌ: يَحلِفُ على المِنبَرِ على رُبُعِ دينارٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَولُه: يبهأَ النّاسُ. يَعنِي: يأنَسوا به فتَذهَبَ هَيبَتُه مِن قُلوبِهِم. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يُقالُ: بَهَأتُ بالشَّئِ. إذا أنِستَ بهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن داودَ بنِ الحُصَينِ أنه سَمِعَ أبا غَطَفانَ بنَ طَريفٍ المُرِّيَّ قال: اختَصَمَ زَيدُ بن ثابِتٍ وابنُ مُطيعٍ إلَى مَروانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ في دارٍ، فقَضَى باليَمينِ على زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ على المِنبَر، فقالَ زَيدٌ: أحلِفُ له مَكانِي. قال مَروانُ: لا واللهِ إلا عِندَ مَقاطِعِ الحُقوقِ. فجَعَلَ زَيدٌ يَحلِفُ أن حَقَّه لَحَقٌّ. ويأبَى أن يَحلِفَ على المِنبَرِ، فجَعَلَ مَروانُ يَعجَبُ مِن ذَلِكَ. قال مالكٌ: كَرِهَ زَيدٌ صَبرَ اليَمينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) في أصل المصنف: \"يبتها\"، وفي الحاشية كالمثبت. وفي س: \"ينها\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٣٨)، والأم ٧/ ٣٤.\n(^٣) غريب الحديث لأبي عبيد ٤/ ٤٧٣.\n(^٤) يمين الصبر: التي يُمْسَك الحكم عليها حتى تحلف، أو هي التي تلزم لصاحبها من جهة الحكم\nويجبر عليها حالفها بأن يحبسه السلطان عليه حتى يحلف بها. التاج ١٢/ ٢٧٢ (ص ب ر)، =","vol":"20","page":527},{"text":"٢٠٧٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباس، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وبَلَغَنِي أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- حَلَفَ على المِنبَرِ في خُصومَةٍ كانَت بَينَه وبَينَ رَجُلٍ، وأنَّ عثمانَ -﵁- رُدَّت عَلَيه اليَمينُ على المِنبَرِ، فاتَّقاها وافتَدَى مِنها وقالَ: أخافُ أن يُوافِقَ قَدَرٌ بَلاءً، فيُقالَ: بيَمينِهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بنُ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِيُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بن غَيلانَ، حدثنا حاضِرُ بن مُطَهِّرٍ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدَةَ مُجّاعَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- أنَّه سُئلَ عن امرأةٍ شَهِدَت أنَّها أرضَعَتِ امرأةً وزَوجَها فقالَ: استَحلِفْها عِندَ المَقامِ؛ فإِنَّها إن كانَت كاذِبَةً لَم يَحُلْ عَلَيها الحَولُ حَتَّى يَبيَضَّ ثَدياها. فاستُحلِفَت فحَلَفَت، فلَم يَحُلْ عَلَيها الحَولُ حَتَّى ابيَضَّ ثَدياها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4310>بابُ تأكيدِ اليَمينِ بالزَّمانِ والحَلِفِ على المُصحَفِ</span>\nقال اللهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ﴾ [المائدة: ١٠٦].\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقالَ المُفَسِّرونَ: صَلاةُ العَصرِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: قَد رُوِّينا عن الشَّعبِيِّ عن أبي موسَى الأشعَرِيِّ في قِصَّةِ الوَصيَّةِ قال: هذا أمرٌ لَم يَكُنْ بعدَ الَّذِي كان في عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-.\n_________\n= والأثر عند المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٣٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٦، ومالك ٢/ ٧٢٨.\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة عقب (٥٩٣٠)، وفي الصغرى (٤٢٧٥)، والأم ٧/ ٣٦.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٣٦.","vol":"20","page":528},{"text":"فأحلَفَهُما بعدَ العَصرِ: ما خانا.\n\n٢٠٧٣٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بن الفَضلِ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا زَكَريّا، عن الشَّعبِيِّ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي بنَيسابورَ وأبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَةِ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بن عليِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا جَريرٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ ولا يُزَكّيهِم ولَهم عَذابٌ أليمٌ؛ رَجُلٌ على فضلِ ماءٍ بالطَّريقِ يَمنَعُ ابنَ السَّبيلِ مِنه، ورَجُلٌ بايعَ إمامًا لِلدُّنيا، فإِن أعطاه ما يُريدُ وفَى له، وإِن لَم يُعطَ لَم يَفِ له، ورَجُلٌ ساوَمَ رَجُلًا على سِلعَةٍ بعدَ العَصرِ فحَلَفَ باللهِ: لَقَد أُعطِي بها كَذا وكَذا. فصَدَّقَه الآخَرُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ جَريرٍ، ولَيسَ في حَديثِ وكيعٍ: \"ورَجُلٌ بايَعَ إمامًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ عن جَريرٍ، وعن ابنِ أبي شَيبَةَ والأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) سعيد بن منصور (٨٥٧ - تفسير). وتقدم تخريجه في (٢٠٦٦١).\n(^٢) المصنف في الأسماء والصفات (٤٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٢٢٦)، وأبو داود (٣٤٧٤) من طريق وكيع به. والنسائي (٤٤٧٤) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم في (١٠٨٩٧).","vol":"20","page":529},{"text":"البخاريُّ عن عليِّ بنِ عبدِ اللهِ عن جَريرٍ (^١).\nورَواه سُمَيٌّ عن أبي صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ.\n\n٢٠٧٣٩ - كما أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن عبد اللهِ المُزَنِيُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ ناجيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن يونُسَ الجَمّالُ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ثَلاثَةٌ لا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَومَ القيامَةِ ولا يُزَكّيهِم ولا يَنظُرُ إلَيهِم؛ رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ على مالِ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ بعدَ صَلاةِ العَصرِ فيقتَطِعُه، ورَجُلٌ حَلَفَ: لَقَد أُعطِيَ بسِلعَتِه أكثَرَ مِمّا أُعطِي وهو كاذِبٌ، ورَجُلٌ مَنَعَ فضلَ ماءٍ، يقولُ اللهُ ﷿: أمنَعُكَ فضلِي كما مَنَعتَ فضلَ ماءٍ لَم تَعمَلْه يَدُكَ؟ \" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ سُفيانَ (^٣)، كما أخرَجتُه في كِتابِ إحياءِ المَواتِ عاليًا (٢).\n\n٢٠٧٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ [في آخرينَ قالوا] (^٤): حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن مُؤَمَّلٍ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: كَتَبتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٠٨/ ...) عن زهير عن جرير، ولم نجد روايته عن ابن أبي شيبة والأشج عن وكيع،\nوالبخاري (٢٦٧٢).\n(^٢) تقدم في (١١٩٦٦).\n(^٣) البخاري (٢٣٦٩)، ومسلم (١٠٨/ ١٧٤).\n(^٤) ليس في: س، م.","vol":"20","page":530},{"text":"الطّائِفِ في جاريَتَينِ ضَرَبَت إحداهُما الأُخرَى ولا شاهِدَ عَلَيهِما، فكَتَبَ إلَيَّ أنِ احبِسْهُما بعدَ صلاةِ العَصرِ ثُمَّ اقرأْ عَلَيهِما: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧]. ففَعَلتُ فاعتَرَفَتْ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أخبرَنِي مُطَرِّفُ بن مازِنٍ بإِسنادٍ لا أحفَظُه، أن ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ أمَرَ بأن يُحلَّفَ على المُصحَفِ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: ورأيتُ مُطَرِّفًا بصَنعاءَ يُحلِّفُ على المُصحَفِ.\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: وقَد كان مِن حُكّامِ الآفاقِ مَن يَستَحلِفُ على المُصحَف، وذَلِكَ عِندِي حَسَنٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4311>بابُ التَّشديدِ في اليَمينِ الفاجِرَةِ، وما يُستَحَبُّ لِلإِمامِ مِنَ الوَعظِ فيها</span>\n\n٢٠٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللهِ: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينِ صَبْرٍ ليَقتَطِعَ بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ وهو فيها فاجِرٌ، لَقِي اللهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٣٣)، وفي الصغرى (٤٢٨٠)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٤.\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٣٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٦.\n(^٣) المصنف في الصغرى عقب (٤٢٨٢)، وفي الأسماء والصفات (١٠٦١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (١٠٩) عن الحسن بن علي بن عفان به.","vol":"20","page":531},{"text":"٢٠٧٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبي وائلٍ وهو شَقيقُ بن سلمةَ، عن عبد اللهِ هو ابنُ مَسعودٍ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينِ صَبْرٍ ليَقتَطِعَ بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ لَقِي اللهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ، وتَصديقُ ذَلِكَ في كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ\" [آل عمران: ٧٧]. فدَخَلَ الأشعَثُ بن قَيسٍ فقالَ: ما يحَدِّثُكُم أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ؟ قال: كَذا وكَذا. قال: صَدَقَ، فيَّ نَزَلَتْ، كان بَينِي وبَينَ رَجُلٍ في أرضٍ باليَمَنِ خُصومَةٌ، فاختَصَمنا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"هَل لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \" قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فيَمينُه؟ \" قُلتُ: إذن يَحلِفَ. قال: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينِ صَبرٍ ليَقتَطِعَ بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ لَقِي اللهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". فأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ إملاءً، أنبأنا بشرُ بن موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢١٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢٢) من طريق وكيع به. وسيأتي في (٢٠٧٥١، ٢٠٧٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٠)، والبخاري (٢٣٥٦).","vol":"20","page":532},{"text":"عبدُ المَلِكِ بن أعيَنَ وجامِعُ بن أبي راشِدٍ، عن أبي وائلٍ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَنِ اقتَطَعَ مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ بيَمينٍ كاذِبَةٍ لَقى اللهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". قال عبدُ اللهِ: ثُمَّ قرأ عَلَينا رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- مِصداقَه مِن كِتابِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ الآيَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن الحُمَيدِيّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن ابنِ أبي عُمَرَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن محمدٍ المِصرِيُّ، حدثنا مالكُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن هارونَ، أنبأنا جَريرُ بن حازِمٍ، حدثنا عَدِيُّ بن عَدِيٍّ، عن رَجاءِ بنِ حَيوَةَ والعُرسِ بنِ عَميرَةَ، عن أبيه (^٣) عَدِيٍّ قال: كان بَينَ امرِئِ القَيسِ وبَينَ رَجُلٍ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ خصومَةٌ، فارتَفَعوا إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقال: \"بَيِّنَتُكَ وإلَّا فيَمينُه\". قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إن حُلِّفَ ذَهَبَ بأرضِي. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ كاذِبَةٍ ليَقتَطِعَ بها مالَ أخيه لَقِي اللهَ ﷿ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". فقالَ امرُؤُ القَيسِ: يا رسولَ الله، فما لمن تَرَكَها مُحِقًّا؟ قال: \"الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فاشْهَدْ أنِّي قَد تَرَكتُها. قال جَريرٌ: فزادَنِي أيّوبُ -وكُنّا\n_________\n(^١) الحميدي (٩٥)، ومن طريقه أبو عوانة (٥٩٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٥٧٦)، والترمذي (٣٠١٢) من طريق سفيان به. وعند أحمد بدون ذكر عبد الملك بن أعين.\n(^٢) البخاري (٧٤٤٥)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٢).\n(^٣) كتب فوقها في الأصل: \"صح\". والضمير في قولها أبيه، يعود على عدى بن عدى، وعدى هو ابن عدى بن عميرة. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ٥٣٤.","vol":"20","page":533},{"text":"جَميعًا حينَ سَمِعنا مِن عَدِيٍّ- قال: قال عَدِيٌّ في حَديثِ العُرسِ بنِ عَميرَةَ: فنَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِها. ولَم أحفَظْها مِن عَدِيٍّ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبي طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِيُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّي يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ القاضِي، حدثنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ ورَجُلٌ مِن كِندَةَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ الحَضرَمِيُّ: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ هذا قَد غَلَبَنِي على أرضٍ (^٢) كانَت لأبِي. فقالَ الكِندِيُّ: هِي أرضِي وفِي يَدِي أزرَعُها، لَيسَ له فيها حَقٌّ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- لِلحَضرَمِيِّ: \"ألَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَكَ يَمينُه\". قال: يا رسولَ الله، إنَّ الرَّجُلَ فاجِرٌ لا يُبالِي على ما حَلَفَ عَلَيه، ولَيسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِن شَئٍ. قال: \"لَيسَ لَكَ مِنه إلا ذَلِكَ\". فانطَلَقَ ليَحلِفَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لما أدبَرَ: \"أما لَئن حَلَفَ على مالٍ ليأكُلَه ظُلمًا، لَيَلقَيَنَّ اللهَ وهو عنه مُعرِضٌ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٢١)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٩٦) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وسيأتي في ١٠/ ٢٥٤ (٢١٧٤٦).\n(^٢) في م: \"أرضى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذي (١٣٤٠)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٩٨٩)، وابن حبان (٥٠٧٤) من طريق قتيبة به. وتقدم في (٢٠٥٣٤).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٣).","vol":"20","page":534},{"text":"وفي قَولِه: فانطَلَقَ ليَحلِفَ له. وقَولِه: فقال لما أدبَرَ. كالدِّلالَةِ على أن الأيمانَ كانَت تُنقَلُ بالمدينَةِ إلَى المَسجِد، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن أخيه عبد اللهِ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن أبي أُمامَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَنِ اقتَطَعَ حَقَّ مُسلِمٍ بيَمينِه حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيه الجَنَّةَ، وأوجَبَ له النَّارَ\". قالوا: وإِن كان شَيئًا يَسيرًا يا رسولَ اللهِ؟ قال: \"وإِن كان قَضيبًا مِن أراكٍ\". قالَها ثَلاثًا (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بن سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه إلا أنَّه لَم يَقُلْ: قالَها ثلاثًا (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَة بنِ سعيدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ القُرَشِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نصرٍ (^٤) عُمَرُ بن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ١٠ و، ١٠ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثي ٢/ ٧٢٧، ومن طريقه الطحاوي في شرح المشكل (٤٤٨، ٥٩٢٩)، والطبراني (٧٩٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٣٩)، والنسائي (٥٤٣٤) من طريق إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٣٨/ ٢١٨).\n(^٤) في س، م: \"النضر\".","vol":"20","page":535},{"text":"البَغدادِيُّ ثُمَّ الهَرَوِيُّ بها، أنبأنا مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بن يَحيَى، حدثنا نافِعُ بن عُمَرَ المَكِّيُّ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: كتبتُ إلى ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- في امرأتَينِ كانَتا تَخرِزانِ خريزًا في بَيتٍ، وفي الحُجرَةِ حُدّاثٌ، فخَرَجَت إحداهُما ويَدُها تشخُبُ دَمًا فقالَت: أصابَت يَدِي هذه. وأنكَرَتِ الأُخرَى ذَلِكَ. قال: فكَتَبَ إليَّ ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى أن اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه، ولَو أن النّاسَ أُعطُوا بدَعواهُم، ادَّعَى ناسٌ دِماءَ أُناسٍ وأموالَهُم، فادْعُها واقرأ عَلَيها: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾. قال: فاعتَرَفَت، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابنَ عباسٍ فسَرَّه (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى مُختَصَرًا، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُختَصَرًا عن نافِعٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخاريُّ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ بطولِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4312>بابُ ما جاءَ في الافتِداءِ عن اليَمينِ، ومَن رَخَّصَ فيها إذا كان مُحِقًّا</span>\n\n٢٠٧٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ بنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ الأصبَهانِيُّ، أنبأنا عليُّ بن عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن العباسِ الوَرّاقُ وأحمَدُ بن العباسِ البَغَوِيُّ قالا: حدثنا عليُّ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الرُّؤَاسِيُّ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٠٩٠٥، ١١٥٥٧).\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٥١٤)، ومسلم (١٧١١/ ٢).\n(^٣) البخاري (٤٥٥٢).","vol":"20","page":536},{"text":"الحَسَنِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيس، عن حَسنَ بنِ ثُمامَةَ قال: زَعَموا أن حُذَيفَةَ عَرَفَ جَمَلًا له سُرِقَ، فخاصَمَ فيه إلَى قاضِى المُسلِمينَ، فصارَت على حُذَيفَةَ يَمينٌ فى القَضاءِ، فأرادَ أن يَشتَرِىَ يَمينَه فقالَ: لَكَ عَشَرَةُ دَراهِمَ. فأبَى فقالَ: لَكَ عِشرونَ. فأبَى فقالَ: لَكَ ثَلاثونَ. فأبَى فقالَ: لَكَ أربَعونَ. فأبَى فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: اترُكْ جَمَلِى. فحَلَفَ اله جَمَلُه، ما باعَه ولا وهَبَه (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ انه فدَى يَمينَه بعَشَرَةِ ألفِ (^٢) دِرهَمٍ (^٣).\nويُذكَرُ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ - ﵁ - فى خُصومَةٍ كانَت بَينَه وبَينَ مُعاذِ ابنِ عَفراءَ فى شَئٍ. قال: فحَلَفَ عُمَرُ - ﵁ - ثُم قال: أتُرانى (^٤) قَدِ استَحقَقتُها بيَمينى؟! اذهَبِ الآنَ فهِىَ لَكَ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4313>بابُ كَيفَ يَحلِفُ أهلُ الذِّمَّةِ والمُستأمَنونَ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أنبأنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: «مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ وهو فيها فاجِرٌ، ليَقتَطِعَ بها مالَ امرِئً مُسلِمٍ، لَقِىَ اللهَ ﷿ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ». فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٢. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٥٨) عن حميد بن عبد الرحمن به مختصرا. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٠٥٥) من طريق الأسود بن قيس عن رجل من قومه فذكره.\n(^٢) فى س، م: «آلاف».\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٨١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٢.\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م ت «أنى».\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٢.","vol":"20","page":537},{"text":"الأشعَثُ: فيَّ واللهِ كان ذاك؛ كان بَينى وبَينَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ اليَهودِ أرضٌ فجَحَدَنِى، فقَدَّمتُه إلَى النَبِى - ﷺ -، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ -: «ألَكَ بينَةٌ؟». قُلتُ: لا. فقالَ لِليَهودِيِّ: «احلِفْ». قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ إذنْ يَحلِفَ، فيَذهَبَ بمالِى.\nفأنزَلَ اللهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ الآيَةَ (^١) [آل عمران: ٧٧].\n\n٢٠٧٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى أبو مُعاويَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى الأعمَشُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى «الصحيح» عن محمدٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن ابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا الليثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَه سَمِعَ رَجُلًا مِن مُزَينَةَ ممَّن يَتبَعُ العِلمَ ويَعِيه يُحَدِّثُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ، أن أبا هريرةَ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ جُلوسٌ عِندَ رسولِ اللهِ - ﷺ -.\nفذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى اليَهودِيِّ الذي زَنَى بعدَ ما أَحْصَنَ. قال: فانطَلَقَ يَعنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٢٤٣)، والنسائى في الكبرى (٥٩٩١)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢٢، ٢٣٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٦) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وقال النسائى: لا نعلم أحدا تابع أبا معاوية على قوله: فقال لليهودى: «احلف». وتقدم فى (٢٠٧٤٢، ٢٠٧٤٣).\n(^٢) أحمد (٣٥٩٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤١٦)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٠).","vol":"20","page":538},{"text":"النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- يَؤُمُّ بَيتَ المِدراسِ، فقالَ لَهُم: \"يا مَعشَرَ اليَهودِ أنشُدُكُم باللهِ الَّذِي أنزَلَ التَّوراةَ على موسَى، ما تَجِدونَ في التَّوراةِ مِنَ العُقوبَةِ على مَن زَنَى وقَد أَحصَنَ؟ \" (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي حُسَينُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ الله بنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: كَتَبَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- إلَى يَهودَ: \"مِن محمدٍ رسولِ اللهِ أخِي موسَى وصاحِبِه، بَعَثَه اللهُ بما بَعَثَه به، إنِّي نَشَدْتُكم (^٢) باللهِ وما أنزَلَ على موسَى يَومَ طُورِ سَيناءَ، وفَلَقَ لكُمُ البحرَ فأنجاكُم وأهلَكَ عَدوَّكُم، وأطعَمَكُم المَنَّ والسَّلوَى، وظَلَّلَ عَلَيكُمُ الغَمامَ، هَل تَجِدونَ في كِتابِكُم أنِّي رسولُ اللهِ إلَيكُم وإِلَى النّاسِ كافَّةً؟ فإِن كان ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ فاتَّقوا اللهَ وأسلِموا، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ عِندَكُم فلا تِباعَةَ (^٣) عَلَيكُم\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بن أبي هاشِمٍ العَلَوِيُّ بالكوفَة، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبدِ اللهِ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أن كَعبَ بنَ سُورٍ أدخَلَ يَهوديًّا الكَنيسَةَ ووَضَعَ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٧٢٠٣).\n(^٢) في م، وحاشية الأصل: \"أنشدكم\".\n(^٣) التباعة، والتبعة: تجرى مجرى الظلامة. ولا تباعة عليه، أي: لا حق يتبعه به. غريب الحديث للخطابى ١/ ٨٨، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ١١٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٢٥٤٨، ٨٣٦١) من طريق يونس بن بكير به. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٨٣: حسين تركه النسائي.","vol":"20","page":539},{"text":"التَّوراةَ على رأسِه واستَحلَفَه باللهِ (^١).\nويُذكَرُ عن الأشعَرِيِّ -﵁- قال: يُستَحلَفُ اليَهودِيُّ في الكَنيسَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4314>بابٌ: يَحلِفُ المُدَّعَى عَلَيه في حَقِّ نَفسِه على البَتِّ (^٢)، وفيما غابَ عنه على نَفي العِلمِ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بن السّائبِ، عن أبي يَحيَى، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لِرَجُلٍ حَلَّفَه: \"احلِفْ باللهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلا هو ما له عِندَكَ شَيءٌ\". يَعنِي لِلمُدَّعِي (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بن محمدِ بنِ سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بن دُكَينٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بن سُلَيمانَ الكِندِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي كُردوسٌ الثَّعلَبِيُّ، عن أشعَثَ بنِ قَيسٍ الكِندِيّ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، أن رَجُلًا مِن كِندَةَ ورَجُلًا مِن حَضرَمَوتَ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- في أرضٍ باليَمَنِ، فقالَ الحَضرَمِيُّ: يا رسولَ الله، أرضِي اغتَصَبَنيها أبو هذا. فقالَ لِلكِندِيِّ: \"ما تَقولُ؟ \". فقالَ: أقولُ: إنَّها أرضِي وفِي يَدِي، ورِثتُها مِن أبي. فقالَ لِلحَضرَمِيِّ: \"هَل لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٢٠٦٢٩) عن وكيع به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٢٧٨ من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٢) البت: القطع. ينظر المصباح المنير ص ١٤ (ب ت ت).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٦٢٠). وأخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٠٧) من طريق أبي الأحوص به. وأحمد (٢٢٨٠، ٢٦١٣) من طريق عطاء به. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٧٩).","vol":"20","page":540},{"text":"ولَكِن يَحلِفُ يا رسولَ اللهِ باللهِ الَّذِي لا إلَهَ إلا هو ما يَعلَمُ أنَّها أرضِي اغتَصَبَنيها أبوه. قال: فتَهَيّأ الكِندِيُّ لِليَمينِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّه لا يَقتَطِعُ رَجُلٌ مالًا بيَمينِه إلا لَقِي اللهَ يَومَ يَلقاه وهو أجذَمُ\". فرَدَّها الكِندِيُّ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الحافظِ، وحَديثُ ابنِ عبدانَ قَريبٌ مِنه.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4315>بابُ ما جاءَ في قَولِ اللهِ ﷿: ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ﴾ [ص: ٢٠] ومَن رَضِي بحُكمِ اللهِ ﷿ في ذَلِكَ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عثمانَ الأَدَمِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بن عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن شُرَيحٍ في قَولِه: ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ﴾. قال: الأيمانُ والشُّهودُ (^٢). وكَذا قال مُجاهِدٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى الحِمّانِيُّ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن أبي حَصينٍ، عن أبي عبد الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، أن داودَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه أُمِرَ بالقَضاءِ ففَظِعَ (^٤) به فأوحَى اللهُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤٣)، وأبو داود (٣٢٤٤، ٣٦٢٢)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٦٠٠٢)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٨) من طريق الحارث به. وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود (٣٠٨٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ١٠٢ من طريق المصنف به. ووكيع في أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٢٦٧ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور ١٢/ ٥٢٣ إلى سعيد بن منصور وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر.\n(^٤) في نسخة من الأصل، س، م: \"فقطع\". وفظع بالأمر فظاعة: إذا هاله وغلبه ولم يثق بأن يطيقه. =","vol":"20","page":541},{"text":"﷿ إليه أن استَحلِفْهُم باسمِي وسَلْهُمُ البَيِّناتِ. قال: فذَلِكَ فصلُ الخِطابِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أسباطٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، سَمِعَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا يَحلِفُ بأبيه فقالَ: \"لا تَحلِفوا بآبائكُم، مَن حَلَفَ باللهِ فليَصدُقْ، ومَن حُلِفَ له باللهِ فليَرضَ، ومَن حُلِفَ له باللهِ فلَم يَرضَ فلَيسَ مِنَ اللهِ\".\nتابَعَه محمدُ بن إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِيُّ عن أسباطٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ شَيبانَ، أنبأنا مُعاذُ بن نَجدَةَ، حدثنا كامِلُ بن طَلحَةَ، حدثنا لَيثُ بن سَعدٍ، حدثنا عُقَيلٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فكأنَّ أحَدَهُما تَهاوَنَ ببَعضِ حُجَّتِه لَم يُبلِغْ فيها، فقَضَى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- لِلآخَرِ، فقالَ المُتَهاوِنُ بحُجَّتِه: حَسبِي اللهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"حَسبِي اللهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ\". يُحَرِّكُ يَدَه مَرَّتَينِ أو ثَلاثًا، قال: \"اطلُبْ حَقَّكَ حَتَّى تَعجِزَ، فإِذا عَجَزتَ فقُلْ: حَسبِي اللهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ. فإِنَّما نقضِي (^٣) بَينَكُم على حُجَجِكُم (^٤) \".\n_________\n= التاج ٢١/ ٥٠٤ (ف ظ ع).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ١٠٢ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢١٠١) عن محمد بن إسماعيل به.\n(^٣) في م: \"يقضى\".\n(^٤) في م: \"حجتكم\". والحديث ذكره المصنف في الشعب عقب (١١٦٢) عن ابن شهاب به.","vol":"20","page":542},{"text":"هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n٢٠٧٦٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عليٍّ الرُّوذْبارِيُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بن نَجدَةَ وموسَى بن مَروانَ الرَّقِّيُّ قالا: حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بن الوَليدِ، عن بَحيرِ بنِ سعدٍ، عن خالِدِ بنِ مَعدانَ، عن سَيفٍ، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ، أنه حَدَّثَهُم أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى بَينَ رَجُلَينِ، فقالَ المَقضِيُّ عَلَيه لما أدبَرَ: حَسبِيَ اللهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ. فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ جلَّ ثناؤُه يَلومُ على العَجزِ، ولَكِن عَلَيكَ بالكَيسِ، فإِذا غَلَبَكَ أمرٌ فقُلْ: حَسبِي اللهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4316>بابُ مَن بَدأ فحَلَفَ عِندَ الحاكِمِ أعادَ الحاكِمُ عَلَيه اليَمينَ حَتَّى تَكونَ يَمينُه بعدَ خُروجِ الحُكمِ بها</span>\n\n٢٠٧٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: الحُجَّةُ فيه أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عليِّ بنِ شافِعٍ أخبرَنا عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عليِّ بنِ السّائبِ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُجَيرِ بنِ عبد يَزيدَ، أن رُكانَةَ بنَ عبدِ يَزيدَ طَلَّقَ امرأتَه ثُمَّ أتَى رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنِّي طَلَّقتُ امرأتِي البَتَّةَ، واللهِ ما أرَدتُ إلا\nواحِدَةً. فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"واللهِ ما أرَدتَ إلا واحِدَةً؟ \". فقالَ رُكانَةُ: واللهِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (١١٦٢)، وأبو داود (٣٦٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٨٣)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١٠٤٦٢) من طريق بقية به. وقال النسائي: سيف لا أعرفه. وكذا قال الذهبي في المهذب\n٨/ ٤١٨٥. وضعفه الألباني في ضعيف أبي داود (٧٨٢).","vol":"20","page":543},{"text":"ما أرَدتُ إلا واحِدَةً. فرَدَّها إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4317>بابُ اليَمينِ في الطَّلاقِ والعَتاقِ وغَيرِهِما</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: [وإذ أحْلَفَ] (^٢) رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- رُكانَةَ في الطَّلاقِ، فهَذا يَدُلُّ على أن اليَمينَ في الطَّلاقِ كما هِيَ في غَيرِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِيُّ، حدثنا نافِعُ بن عُمَرَ الجُمَحِيُّ، عن ابنِ أبي مُلَيكَةَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَيَّ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: إن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِ (^٤). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ (^٥).\nوهَذا يَتَناوَلُ كُلَّ مُدَّعًى عَلَيه إلا ما قامَ دَليلُه.\n\n٢٠٧٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبي إسحاقَ المُزَكِّي وأبو بكرِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِي قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بن نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي مالكٌ وعَبدُ اللهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امرأتَه أمرَها فالقَضاءُ ما قَضَت إلا أن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥١٠٣، ١٥١٠٤).\n(^٢) في نسخة من الأصل: \"وإذا حلّف\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٣٥، ٣٦.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٩) عن القعنبى به. وتقدم في (٢٠٧٤٩)، وسيأتي في (٢١٢٤٤).\n(^٥) البخاري (٢٦٦٨)، ومسلم (١٧١١/ ٢).","vol":"20","page":544},{"text":"يُناكِرَها؛ يقولُ: لَم أُرِدْ إلا تَطليقَةً واحِدَةً. فيَحلِفُ على ذَلِكَ فتُرَدُّ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ بن أبي عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن عليٍّ، حدثنا موسَى بن داودَ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا ادَّعَتِ المَرأةُ الطَّلاقَ على زَوجِها فتَناكَرا، فيَمينُه باللهِ ما فعَلَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4318>بابُ المُدَّعِي يُستَمهَلُ ليأتِي ببَيِّنَةٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٦٧ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بن الرَّبيعِ المَكِّيُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن إدريسَ الأودِيِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بن أبي بُردَةَ كِتابًا وقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبي موسَى -﵄-. فذَكَرَه وفيه: واجعَل لِلمُدَّعِي أمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إلَيه، فإِن أحضَرَ بيِّنَتَه وإِلا وجَّهتَ عَلَيه القَضاءَ، فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أجْلَى لِلعَمَى، وأبلَغُ في العُذرِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4319>بابٌ: البَيِّنَةُ العادِلَةُ أحَقُّ مِنَ اليَمينِ الفاجِرَةِ</span>\nرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- وشُرَيحٍ القاضِي ﵀:\n\n٢٠٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ ناصِرُ بن الحُسَينِ العُمَرِيُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبي شُرَيحٍ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِيُّ، حدثنا عليُّ بن الجَعدِ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٥١٤٥).\n(^٢) المصنف في الصغرى (٤١٨١). وأخرجه وكيع في أخبار القضاة ١/ ٧٠ - ٧٢، والدارقطني ٤/ ٢٠٧ من طريق سفيان به مطولًا.","vol":"20","page":545},{"text":"مَنِ ادَّعَى قَضائى فهو عَلَيه حَتَّى يأتِي ببَيِّنَةٍ، الحَقُّ أحَقُّ مِن قَضائى، الحَقُّ أحَقُّ مِن يَمينٍ فاجِرَةٍ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4320>بابُ النُّكولِ ورَدِّ اليَمينِ</span>\n\n٢٠٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ بنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن أبي لَيلَى ابنِ عبد اللهِ بنِ عبد الرَّحمَنِ بنِ سَهلٍ، أن سَهلَ بنَ أبي حَثمَةَ أخبَرَه ورِجالٌ مِن كُبَراءِ قَومِه، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لحوَيِّصَةَ ومُحَيِّصَةَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ: \"تَحلِفونَ وتَستَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صاحِبِكُم؟ \". قالوا: لا. قال: \"فتحلِفُ يَهودُ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى في كِتابِ القَسامَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ والثَّقَفِيُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي خثمَةَ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- بَدَّأ الأنصاريّينَ، فلَمّا لَم يَحلِفوا رَدَّ الأيمانَ على يَهودَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٧١ - قال: وأنبأنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ،\n_________\n(^١) البغوي في الجعديات (٢١٧٦).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥١١، ١٦٥٣٣).\n(^٣) البخاري (٧١٩٢)، ومسلم (١٦٦٩/ ٦).\n(^٤) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٤٢)، والشافعي ٦/ ٩٠، ٧/ ٣٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٢٥٩) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"20","page":546},{"text":"عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا رِوايَةُ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ فإِنَّها في \"الموطأ\" هَكَذا مُرسَلَةٌ:\n\n٢٠٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، وفيه أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال لَهم: \"أتَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ يَمينًا وتَستَحِقُّونَ قاتِلَكم. أو: صاحِبَكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ ولَم نَشهَدْ ولَم نَحضُرْ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فتُبْرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا؟ \" (^٢).\nوأمّا رِوايَةُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ عبد المَجيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ فإِنَّها هَكَذا في المَعنَى إلا أنَّها مَوصولَةٌ كما:\n\n٢٠٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبد اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن أبي طالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي محمدُ بن مثنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ واللَّفظُ له، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: أخبرَنِي بُشَيرُ بن يَسارٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٤٣)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٧، ومالك ٢/ ٨٧٨، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق عقب (١٨٢٥٨)، والنسائي (٤٧٣٢).\n(^٢) مالك في الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٥/ ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية الليثي ٢/ ٨٧٨.","vol":"20","page":547},{"text":"حَثمَةَ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ الأنصارِيَّ ومُحَيِّصَةَ بنَ مَسعودٍ خَرَجا إلَى خَيبَرَ فتَفَرَّقا لِحاجَتِهِما، فقُتِلَ عبدُ اللهِ بن سَهلٍ، فجاءَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن سَهلٍ وحوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ ابنا مَسعودٍ إلَى رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، فذَهَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ أخو المَقتولِ ليَتَكَلَّمَ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"الكُبْرَ (^١) الكُبْرَ\". فتَكَلَّمَ حوَيِّصَةُ ومُحَيِّصَةُ فذَكَروا له شأنَ عبد اللهِ بنِ سَهلٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيَحلِفُ مِنكُم خَمسونَ فتَستَحِقّونَ قاتِلَكُم أو صاحِبَكُم؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللهِ لَم نَحضُرْ ولَم نَشهَدْ. قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"فتُبْرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا؟ \". قالوا: يا رسولَ الله، كَيفَ نَقبَلُ أيمانَ قَومٍ كُفّارٍ؟! قال: فعَقَلَه النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- مِن عِندِهِ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبد الوَهّابِ (^٣).\nوهَكَذا رَواه الشّافِعِيُّ عن الثَّقَفِيِّ في مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ بطولِه (^٤)، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه اللَّيثُ بن سَعدٍ وحَمّادُ بن زَيدٍ وبِشرُ بن المُفَضَّلِ وغَيرُهُم عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٧٧٤ - وأمّا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ فإِنَّ رِوايَةَ الجَماعَةِ عنه في هذا الحديثِ أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أفَتُبْرِئُكُم يَهودُ بخَمسينَ يَمينًا يَحلِفونَ أنَّهُم لَم يَقتُلوهُ؟ \". قالوا: وكَيفَ نَرضَى بأيمانِهِم وهَم مُشرِكونَ؟! قال: \"أفَيُقسِمُ مِنكُم خَمسونَ\n_________\n(^١) في أصل المصنف: \"كبِّر\".\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥١٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٦٩/ ...).\n(^٤) تقدم في (١٦٥١٢).\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥١٣، ١٦٥١٦).","vol":"20","page":548},{"text":"أنَّهُم قَتَلوه؟ \". قالوا: كَيفَ نُقسِمُ على ما لَم نَرَه؟! وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخبرَناه أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بن عُيَينَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن بُشَيرِ بنِ يَسارٍ أنه سَمِعَه يُخبِرُ عن سَهلِ بنِ أبي حَثمَةَ، أن عبدَ اللهِ بنَ سَهلٍ الأنصارِيَّ وُجِدَ في قَليبٍ. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\nوهَذا يَدُلُّ على أنَّه بَدأ بأيمانِ اليَهودِ ثُمَّ رَدَّ على الأنصاريّين، وهو خِلافُ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ، والجَماعَةُ أولَى بالحِفظِ مِنَ الواحِدِ، والشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ حَمَلَ حَديثَ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ هاهنا على حَديثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وكَذَلِكَ فعَلَه مُسلِمُ بن الحَجّاجِ فأخرَجَ حَديثَ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ في كِتابِه، وأحالَ به على رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ دونَ سياقِ مَتنِه، وقَد قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀ في كِتابِ القَسامَةِ: كان ابنُ عُيَينَةَ لا يُثْبِتُ أقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ- الأنصاريّينَ في الأيمانِ أو يَهودَ، فيُقالُ في الحديثِ: إنَّه قَدَّمَ الأنصاريّينَ؟ فيَقولُ: فهو ذاكَ. أو ما أشبَهَ هذا (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والقَولُ قَولُ مَن أثبَتَ ولَم يَشُكَّ دونَ مَن شَكَّ، والَّذينَ أثبَتوا عَدَدٌ كُلُّهُم حُفّاظٌ أثباتٌ، وبِاللهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٠٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبي عمرٍو في آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بن سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِيُّ، أنبأنا مالكُ بن أنَسٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥١٧).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٩٠. وعنده: فتقول. مكان: فيقول.","vol":"20","page":549},{"text":"رَجُلًا مِن بَنِي سَعدِ بنِ لَيثٍ أجرَى فرَسًا، فوَطِئَ على إصبَعِ رَجُلٍ مَن جُهَينَةَ، فنُزِي مِنها فماتَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ لِلَّذينَ ادُّعِي عَلَيهِم: تَحلِفونَ خَمسينَ يَمينًا ما ماتَ مِنها؟ فأبَوا وتَحَرَّجوا مِنَ الأيمانِ، فقالَ لِلآخَرينَ: احلِفوا أنتُم. فأبَوا. زادَ أبو سعيدٍ في رِوايَتِه بإِسنادِه قال: قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فقَد رأى رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- اليَمينَ على الأنصاريّين يَستَحِقّونَ فلَمّا لَم يَحلِفوا حَوَّلَها على اليَهودِ يَبرَءونَ بها، ورأى عُمَرُ اليَمينَ على اللَّيثيّين يَبرَءونَ بها، فلَمّا أبَوا حَوَّلَها على الجُهَنيّين يَستَحِقّونَ بها، فكُلُّ هذا تَحويلُ يَمينٍ مِن مَوضِعٍ قَد رُئيَت (^١) فيه إلَى المَوضِعِ الَّذِي يُخالِفُه، فبِهَذا وما أدرَكْنا عَلَيه أهلَ العِلمِ ببَلَدِنا يَحكونه عن مُفتيهِم وحُكّامِهِم قَديمًا وحَديثًا قُلنا في رَدِّ اليَمينِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٧٦ - أنبأنِي أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ إجازَةً فيما لَمْ يُقرأْ عَلَيه مِنَ \"المستدرك\"، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ العَنَزِيُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن سعيدٍ الدارميُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن عبد الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بن عَبدوسِ بنِ مَحفوظٍ الفقيهُ الجَنزَرُوذِيُّ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بن مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عبد الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بن المُنذِرِ بنِ سعيدٍ الهَرَوِيُّ شَكَّرُ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بن عبد الصَّمَدِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ وسُلَيمانُ بن أيّوبَ الدِّمَشقِيُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بن مَسروقٍ، عن إسحاقَ بنِ الفُراتِ،\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"رتبت\".\n(^٢) المصنف في المعرفة (٥٩٤٤)، والشافعي ٧/ ٣٧. وتقدم تخريجه في (١٦٥٣٠) دون الزيادة.","vol":"20","page":550},{"text":"عن اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أن النَّبِيَّ -ﷺ- رَدَّ اليَمينَ على طالِبِ الحَقِّ (^١). تَفَرَّدَ به سُلَيمانُ بن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدِّمَشقِيُّ بإِسنادِه هذا، والاعتِمادُ على ما مَضَى، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٧٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن هارونَ، عن عثمانَ بنِ سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا مَسلَمَةُ بن عَلقَمَةَ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، أن المِقدادَ استَقرَضَ مِن عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ سَبعَةَ ألفِ (^٢) دِرهَمٍ، فلَمّا تَقاضاه قال: إنَّما هِي أربَعَةُ ألفٍ (^٢). فخاصَمَه إلَى عُمَرَ فقالَ: إنِّي أقرَضتُ المِقدادَ سَبعَةَ ألفِ (^٢) دِرهَمٍ، فقالَ المِقدادُ: إنَّما هِي أربَعَةُ ألفٍ (^٢). فقالَ المِقدادُ: أحلِفْه أنَّها سَبعَةُ ألفٍ (^٢). فقالَ عُمَرُ: أنصَفَكَ. فأبَى أن يَحلِفَ فقالَ عُمَرُ: خُذْ ما أعطاكَ. قال. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). هذا إسنادٌ صحيحٌ إلا أنه مُنقَطِعٌ، وهو مَعَ ما رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ في القَسامَةِ، يُؤَكِّدُ أحَدُهُما صاحِبَه فيما اجتَمَعا فيه مِن مَذهَبِ عُمَرَ -﵁- في رَدِّ اليَمينِ على المُدَّعِي، وفِي هذا المُرسَلِ زيادَةُ مَذهَبِ عثمانَ والمِقدادِ -﵄-، واللهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢٠٧٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الصِّبغِيُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بن عليِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبي أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حُسَينُ بن عبد اللهِ بنِ ضُمَيرَةَ بنِ أبي ضُمَيرَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٨٩)، والحاكم ٤/ ١٠٠ وصححه. وأخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٣ من طريق سليمان به.\n(^٢) في س، م: \"آلاف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبراني ٢٠/ ٢٣٧ (٥٥٩) من طريق مسلمة بن علقمة به.","vol":"20","page":551},{"text":"أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن عليِّ بنِ أبي طالِبٍ أنَّه قال: اليَمينُ مَعَ الشّاهِدِ، فإِن لَم يكنْ له بَيِّنَةٌ فاليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه إذا كان قَد خالَطَه، فإِن نكَلَ حَلَفَ المُدَّعِي (^١).\n\nتمَّ بحمدِ اللهِ ومنِّه الجزءُ العشرونَ ويتلوه الجزءُ الحادى والعشرونَ وأولُه: جماعُ أبوابِ مَن تجوزُ شهادتُه ومن لا تجوزُ من الأطفالِ البالغينَ العاقلينَ المسلمينَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٤ من طريق حسين به بنحوه.","vol":"20","page":552},{"text":"بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4321>جِماعُ أبوابِ مَن تَجوزُ شَهادَتُه ومَن لا تَجوزُ مِنَ الأحرارِ البالِغينَ العاقِليَن المُسلِمينَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: لَيسَ مِنَ النّاسِ أحَدٌ نَعلَمُه -إلا أن يَكونَ قَليلًا- يَمحَضُ الطّاعَةَ والمُروءَةَ حَتَّى لا يَخلِطَها بمَعصيَةٍ ولا تَرْكِ المُروءَةِ، ولا يَمحَضُ المَعصيَةَ وتَرْكَ المُروءَةِ حَتَّى لا يَخلِطَها بشَئٍ مِنَ الطّاعَةِ والمُروءَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هو كما قال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀:\n\n٢٠٧٧٩ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ ابنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو الوَليد، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ قال: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ﴾ [الأنعام: ٨٢] قال أصحابُ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-: أيُّنا لَم يَلبِسْ إيمانَه بظُلمٍ؟ قال: فنَزَلَت ﴿لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ (^٢) [لقمان: ١٣]. رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو عمرٍو هو ابنُ أبي جَعفَرٍ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ بنُ أبي شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللهِ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٥٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائي في الكبرى (١١١٦٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٣٤٢٨).","vol":"21","page":5},{"text":"ابنُ إدريسَ وأبو مُعاويَةَ ووَكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبد اللهِ قال: لَمّا نَزَلَت ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ﴾ شَقَّ ذَلِكَ على أصحابِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- وقالوا: أيُّنا لا يَظلِمُ نَفسَه؟ فقالَ النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ هو كما تَظُنّونَ؛ إنَّما هو كما قال لُقمانُ لابنِه: ﴿لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ \" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي بكرِ بنِ أبي شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٨١ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ الشّافِعِيُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ إن تَغفِرْ تَغفِرْ جَمًّا، وأيُّ عبدٍ لَكَ لا أَلَمَّا\".\n\n٢٠٧٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بن سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أنبأنا زَكَريّا بن إسحاقَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ﴾ [النجم: ٣٢] قال: هو أن يأتِيَ الرَّجُلُ الفاحِشَةَ ثُمَّ يَتوبَ مِنها. قال: وقالَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"اللَّهُمَّ إن تَغفِرْ تَغفِرْ جَمًّا، وأيُّ عبدٍ لَكَ لا أَلَمَّا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في البعث والنشور (٧٧)، وابن أبي شيبة في مسنده (٢١٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٢٥٣) من طريق عبد الله بن إدريس به. وأحمد (٣٥٨٩) من طريق أبي معاوية به. والبخاري (٦٩٣٧) من طريق وكيع به. والترمذي (٣٠٦٧) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٤/ ١٩٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٥٥)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٤ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذي (٣٢٨٤) من طريق =","vol":"21","page":6},{"text":"وبِمَعناه رَواه رَوحُ بن عُبادَةَ عن زَكَريّا بنِ إسحاقَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٨٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ القاضِي، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا مَنصورٌ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ في هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ﴾ قال: الَّذِي يُلِمُّ بالذَّنبِ ثُمَّ يَدَعُه؛ ألَم تَسمَعْ قَولَ الشّاعِرِ:\nإن تَغفِرِ اللَّهُمَّ تَغفِرْ جَمّا ... وأيُّ عبدٍ لَكَ لا أَلَمَّا (^٢)\nهذا أشبَهُ.\n\n٢٠٧٨٤ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبد اللهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن محمدٍ الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: ما رأيتُ أشبَهَ باللَّمَمِ مِمَّا قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ على ابنِ آدَمَ حَظَّه مِنَ الزِّنا، أدرَكَ ذَلِكَ لا مَحالَةَ؛ فزِنا العَينَينِ النَّظَرُ، وزِنا اللِّسانِ النُّطقُ، والنَّفسُ تَتَمَنَّى وتَشتَهِي، ويُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الفَرجُ أو يُكَذِّبُه\" (^٣). رَواه\n_________\n= أبي عاصم به، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث زكريا بن إسحاق.\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٤٩٦٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٩، ٤/ ٢٤٥ من طريق روح بن عبادة به وصححه. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٨٩: هذا خبر منكر.\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٠٥٧)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٥. وأخرجه ابن جرير في تفسيره ٢٢/ ٦٤ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٣) تقدم في (١٣٦٣٩).","vol":"21","page":7},{"text":"البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودِ بنِ غَيلانَ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاق، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بن حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن عليِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن عبدٍ إلا وقَد أخطأَ أو هَمَّ بخَطيئَةٍ، لَيسَ يَحيَى بنَ زَكَريّا، فإِنَّه لَم يُخطِئْ ولَم يَهُمَّ بخَطيَةٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٨٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن غالِبٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ وأبو سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بن سلمةَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ الشَّهيدِ ويونُسَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ وحُمَيدٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ-. وعَلِيُّ بن زَيدٍ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما مِن آدَمِيٍّ\". فذَكَرَ مَعناه (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِيُّ ﵀: فإِن كان الأغلَبُ على الرَّجُلِ الأظهَرُ مِن أمرِه الطّاعَةَ والمُروءَةَ قَبِلْتُ شَهادَتَه، وإِذا كان الأغلَبُ الأظهَرُ مِن أمرِه المَعصيَةَ وخِلافَ المُروءَةِ رَدَدْتُ شَهادَتَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخاري (٦٢٤٣)، ومسلم (٢٦٥٧/ ٢٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة (٣٢٤٤٥)، وأحمد (٢٢٩٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به بنحوه. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٨٩: إسناده وسط.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٥٩١.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٥٣.","vol":"21","page":8},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: وتَفسيرُ هذا فيما:\n\n٢٠٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الوَليدِ الفقيهَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ ابنَ سُرَيجٍ يقولُ وسُئلَ عن صِفَةِ العَدالَةِ فقالَ: يَكونُ حُرًّا مُسلِمًا بالِغًا عاقِلًا، غَيرَ مُرتَكِبٍ لَكَبيرَةٍ، ولا مُصِرٍّ على صَغيرَةٍ، ولا يَكونُ تارِكًا لِلمُروءَةِ في غالِبِ العادَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: أمّا الحُجَّةُ في شَرطِ الإسلامِ والحُرّيَّةِ والبُلوغِ والعَقلِ فقَد مَضَت (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وأمّا الحُجَّةُ فيما بَعدَهن ففيما:\n\n٢٠٧٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللهِ ابنِ أبي بكرٍ، عن أنَسٍ: سُئلَ رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ- عن الكَبائر، فقالَ: \"الإشراكُ بالله، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ، وشَهادَةُ الزُّورِ. أو قال: وقَولُ الزُّورِ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه في \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسُ بن محمدٍ، حدثنا العباسُ بن الفَضلِ الأزرَقُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الصغرى (٤٢٩٢)، والمعرفة (٥٩٥٠).\n(^٢) ينظر في (٢٠٦٤٢ - ٢٠٦٦٥).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٤٨٦٠)، والطيالسى (٢١٨٨). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (١٤٧) عن يونس بن حبيب به. وتقدم في (١٥٩٤٧، ٢٠٤٠٧، ٢٠٤٠٨).\n(^٤) البخاري (٢٦٥٣)، ومسلم (٨٨).","vol":"21","page":9},{"text":"حَربُ بن شَدّادٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بن أبي كَثيرٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ سِنانٍ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبي قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- في حَجَّةِ الوَداعِ، فسَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"ألَا إنَّ أولياءَ اللهِ المُصَلُّونَ، ألَا وإِنَّه مَن يُتِمُّ الصَّلاةَ المَكتوبَةَ يَراها للهِ عَلَيه حَقًّا، ويُؤَدِّي الزَّكاةَ المَفروضَةَ، ويَصومُ رَمَضانَ، ويَجتَنِبُ الكَبائرَ\". فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، وما الكَبائرُ؟ قال: \"الكَبائرُ تِسعٌ أعظَمُهُنَّ إشراكٌ باللهِ، وقَتلُ نَفسِ مُؤمِنٍ، وأكلُ الرِّبا، وأكلُ مالِ اليَتيمِ، وقَذفُ المُحصَنَةِ، والفِرارُ مِنَ الزَّحفِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ، والسِّحرُ، واستِحلالُ البَيتِ الحَرامِ، مَن لَقِي اللهَ وهو بَرِيءٌ مِنهُنَّ كان مَعِي في جَنَّةٍ مَصاريعُها مِن ذَهَبٍ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بن سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بن جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّي، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ البوشَنجِيُّ، قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بن بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبي بكرِ ابنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَزنِي الزّانِي حينَ يَزنِي وهو مُؤمِنٌ، ولا يَشرَبُ الخَمرَ حينَ يَشرَبُها وهو مُؤمِنٌ، ولا يَسرِقُ السّارِقُ حينَ يَسرِقُها وهو مُؤمِنٌ، ولا يَنتَهِبُ نُهْبَةً يَرفَعُ النّاسُ إلَيه فيها أبصارَهُم حينَ يَنتَهِبُها وهو مُؤمِنٌ\". وعن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبراني ١٧/ ٤٧، ٤٨ (١٠١)، وأبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة (٥٢٨١) من طريق العباس بن الفضل به. وتقدم في (٦٨٠٤) من طريق حرب. وذكر الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٩٠ أن حرب بن شداد ذاهب الحديث.","vol":"21","page":10},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِي سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- بمِثلِ حَديثِ أبي بكرٍ هذا إلا النُّهبَةَ (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن سعيدِ بنِ عُفَيرٍ عن اللَّيثِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٩١ - زادَ فيه أبو صالِحٍ عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-: \"والتَّوبَةُ مَعروضَةٌ بَعدُ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن الحَسَنِ الأسَدِيُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بن أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن ذَكوانَ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بزيادَتِه إلا أنَّه لَم يَذكُرِ النُّهبَةَ (^٣). قال أبو عبدِ اللهِ: رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ أبي عَدِيٍّ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بن محمدٍ العَطّارُ المَعروفُ بابنِ شَبّانَ وأبو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بن أحمدَ بنِ محمدٍ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بن أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بن سُلَيمانَ الصُّغْدِيُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ ابنُ أبي إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبي خالِدٍ وعَبدِ اللهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف في الشعب (٣٤). وأخرجه النسائي (٥٦٧٥، ٥٦٧٦). وابن ماجه (٩٩٣٦) من طريق الليث به مقتصرًا على الحديث الأول. وابن حبان (١٨٦) من طريق الزهري به.\n(^٢) البخاري (٢٤٨٥)، ومسلم (٥٧/ ١٠١).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٥٥٦٧). وأخرجه النسائي (٤٨٨٦)، وابن حبان (٤٤١٢) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (٨٨٩٥)، وأبو داود (٤٦٨٩)، والترمذي (٢٦٢٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخاري (٦٨١٠)، ومسلم (٥٧/ ١٠٤).","vol":"21","page":11},{"text":"أبي السَّفَرِ، عن الشَّعبِيِّ، عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمُ مَن سَلِمَ المُسلِمونَ مِن لِسانِه ويَدِه، والمُهاجِرُ مَن هَجَرَ ما نَهَى اللهُ عنه\" (^١). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبد اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن عبدِ اللهِ السَّعدِيُّ، أنبأنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِي أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا -﵁- يقولُ: قال النَّبِيُّ -ﷺ-: \"المُسلِمُ مَن سَلِمَ المُسلِمونَ مِن لِسانِه ويَدِه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن أبي عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بن عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا العباسُ بن الفَضلِ وأبو بكرٍ الطَّيالِسِيُّ محمدُ بن إبراهيمَ قالا (^٥): حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بن سعيدٍ يَعنِي ابنَ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ قال: حَدَّثَنِي أبي، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عِندَ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁-، فدَعا بطَهورٍ فقالَ: شَهِدتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما مِن مُسلِمٍ تَحضُرُه صَلاةٌ مَكتوبَةٌ، فيُحسِنُ وُضوءَها ورُكوعَها وسُجودَها إلا كانَت له كَفّارَةً لِما مَضَى مِنَ الذُّنوبِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٦٩٨٢) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٤٨١)، والنسائي (٥٠١١) من طريق\nإسماعيل به. وابن حبان (٢٣٠) من طريق الشعبي به.\n(^٢) البخاري (١٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (١٩٧) من طريق أبي عاصم به بنحوه. وأحمد (١٥٢١٠) من طريق أبي الزبير به مطولًا.\n(^٤) مسلم (٤١/ ٦٥).\n(^٥) بعده في م: \"حدثنا إبراهيم قالا\".","vol":"21","page":12},{"text":"ما لَم يأتِ كَبيرَةً، وهَذا الدَّهرَ كُلَّه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ وغَيرِه عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٧٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبي الحَسَنِ، حدثنا محمدُ بن إسحاقَ، حدثنا عليُّ بن حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بن جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ، والجُمُعَةُ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ كَفّاراتٌ لِما بَينَهُنَّ ما لَم يَغشَ الكَبائرَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن عليٍّ بنِ حُجرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بن سُفيانَ، حدثنا هارونُ بن سعيدٍ الأَيلِيُّ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن أبي صَخرٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ إسحاقَ مَولَى زائدَةَ حَدَّثَه عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- كان يقولُ: \"الصَّلَواتُ الخَمسُ والجُمُعَةُ إلَى الجُمُعَةِ ورَمَضانُ إلَى رَمَضانَ مُكَفِّراتٌ ما بَينَهُما إذا اجتُنِبَتِ الكَبائرُ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ في \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ وغَيرِهِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم في (٣٦٢٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٨/ ٧).\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨١٩). وأخرجه الترمذي (٢١٤)، وابن خزيمة (٣١٤، ١٨١٤) من طريق علي بن حجر به. وتقدم في (٤٥٠٩).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣٣/ ١٤).\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٣٦١٩)، وفي فضائل الأوقات (٤٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٩٧) عن هارون بن سعيد الأيلى به.\n(^٦) مسلم (٢٣٣/ ١٦).","vol":"21","page":13},{"text":"٢٠٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِي عمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، أن ابنَ أبي هِلالٍ حَدَّثَه أن نُعَيمَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ المُجْمِرَ حَدَّثَه أن صُهَيبًا مَولَى العُتْواريِّينَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِيَّ وأبا هريرةَ يُخبِرانِ عن النَّبِيِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه جَلَسَ على المِنبَرِ ثُمَّ قال: \"والَّذِي نَفسِي بيَدِه\". ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ، فأكَبَّ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنّا يَبكِي حَزينًا ليَمينِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ قال: \"ما مِن عبدٍ يأتِي الصَّلَواتِ الخَمسَ ويَصومُ رَمَضانَ ويَجتَنِبُ الكَبائرَ السَّبعَ إلا فُتِّحَت له أبوابُ الجَنَّةِ يَومَ القيامَةِ حَتى إنَّها لَتَصْطَفِقُ\" (^١). ثُمَّ تَلا ﴿إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ﴾ (^٢).\nففِي هذه الأخبارِ وما جانَسَها مِنَ التَّغليظِ في الكَبائرِ والتَّكفيرِ عن الصَّغائرِ ما يُؤَكِّدُ قَولَ مَن فرَّقَ بَينَهُما برَدِّ شَهادَةِ مَنِ ارتكَبَ كَبيرَةً دونَ مَنِ ارتكبَ صَغيرَةً.\nومِنَ الأخبارِ التي تَدُلُّ على أن الصَّغائرَ إذا كَثُرَت بَلَغَت بصاحِبِها مَبلَغَ مُرتَكِبِ الكَبيرَةِ في رَدِّ الشَّهادَةِ وغَيرِه ما:\n\n٢٠٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِي عبدُ اللهِ بن محمدِ بنِ\nموسَى الصَّيدَلانِيُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا مَهدِيُّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لتصفق\". والاصطفاق: الاضطراب والاهتزاز. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٣٤ (ص ف ق).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن خزيمة (٣١٥)، وابن حبان (١٧٤٨) من طريق ابن وهب به. والنسائي (٢٤٣٧) من طريق ابن أبي هلال به.","vol":"21","page":14},{"text":"ابنُ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا غَيلانُ، عن أنَسٍ قال: إنَّكُم لَتَعمَلونَ أعمالًا هِيَ أدَقُّ في أعيُنِكُم مِنَ الشَّعَرِ، إنْ كُنّا لَنَعُدُّها (^١) على عَهدِ رسولِ اللهِ -ﷺ- إنَّها لَهِيَ الموبِقاتُ (^٢). رَواه البخاريُّ في \"الصحيح\" عن أبي الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٧٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللهِ بن جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بن حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عبدِ رَبِّه، عن أبي عِياضٍ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إيّاكُم ومُحَقَّراتِ الأعمالِ؛ إنَّهُنَّ لَيَجتَمِعْنَ (^٤) على الرَّجُلِ حَتَّى يُهلِكْنَه\". وأنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- ضَرَبَ لَهُنَّ مَثَلًا كَمَثَلِ قَومٍ نَزَلوا بأرضِ فلاةٍ، فحَضَرَ صَنيعُ القَومِ، فجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بالعُودِ والرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بالعُوَيدِ، حَتَّى جَمَعوا مِن ذَلِكَ سَوادًا، ثُمَّ أجَّجوا نارًا، فأنضَجَت ما قُذِفَ فيها (^٥).\nورُوِيَ في ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵁- مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"لنعد\".\n(^٢) المصنف في الشعب (٧٢٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢٦٠٤)، وأبو يعلى (٤٣١٤) من طريق مهدى بن ميمون به.\n(^٣) البخاري (٦٤٩٢).\n(^٤) في م: \"ليجمعن\".\n(^٥) المصنف في الشعب (٢٨٥)، والطيالسى (٤٠٠)، وعنه أحمد (٣٨١٨). وأخرجه الطبراني (١٠٥٠٠) من طريق عمران القطان به. وقال الهيثمي في المجمع ١٠/ ١٨٩: رواه أحمد والطبراني ورجالهما رجال الصحيح غير عمران بن داود القطان، وقد وثق.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٧٨) -ومن طريقه الطبراني (٨٧٩٦) - من طريق عبد الرحمن به.","vol":"21","page":15},{"text":"٢٠٨٠٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بن يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِي بمِصرَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بن عيسَى، أنبأنا محمدُ بن عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبي صالِحٍ، عن أبي هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ إذا أذنَبَ ذَنبًا كانَت نُكتَةٌ سَوداءُ في قَلبِه، فإِن تابَ ونَزَعَ واستَغفَرَ صُقِلَ مِنها قَلبُه، فإِن عادَ زادت (^١) حَتَّى يُغلَقَ بها قَلبُه، فذاكَ الرَّانُ (^٢) الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ ﷿ في كِتابِه: ﴿كَلَّا بَلْ رَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ \" (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ويُشبِهُ أن تكونَ هذه الأخبارُ وما جانَسَها في التَّغليظِ والتَّشديدِ فيمَن أصَرَّ على الذُّنوبِ غَيرَ مُستَغفِرٍ مِنها، ولا مُحَدِّثٍ نَفسَه بتَركِها، فقَد:\n\n٢٠٨٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بن أيّوبَ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليِدِ الطَّيالِسِيُّ، حدثنا هَمّامُ بن يَحيَى قال: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ عبدِ اللهِ بنِ أبي طَلحَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ أبي عَمرَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ عبدًا أصابَ ذَنبًا فقالَ: يا رَبِّ، إنِّي أذنَبتُ ذَنبًا، فاغفِرْه لِي. فقالَ رَبُّه: عَلِمَ عبدِي أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) في م: \"رانت\".\n(^٢) ليس في: م.\n(^٣) المصنف في الشعب (٧٢٠٣ مكرر)، وفي الآداب ص ٥١١، والحاكم ٢/ ٥١٧ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٥٢) عن صفوان بن عيسى به. والترمذي (٣٣٣٤)، والنسائي في الكبرى (١١٦٥٨)، وابن ماجه (٤٢٤٤) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به، وقال الترمذي: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبي ٨/ ٤١٩٣: إسناده صالح.","vol":"21","page":16},{"text":"له رَبًّا يَغفِرُ الذَّنبَ ويأخُذُ به. فغَفَرَ له، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أصابَ ذَنبًا آخَرَ -ورُبَّما قال: أذنَبَ ذَنبًا آخَرَ- فقالَ: يا رَبِّ، إنِّى أذنَبتُ ذَنبًا آخَرَ، فاغفِرْ لِى. قال رَبُّه: عَلِمَ عبدِى أنَّ له رَبًّا يَغفِرُ الذَّنبَ ويأخُذُ به. فغَفَرَ له، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ ما شاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أصابَ ذَنبًا آخَرَ -ورُبَّما قال: أذنَبَ ذَنبًا آخَرَ- فقالَ: يا رَبِّ، إنِّى أذنَبتُ ذَنبًا آخَرَ، فاغفِرْ لِى. فقالَ رَبُّه: عَلِمَ عبدِى أنَّ له رَبًّا يَغفِرُ الذُّنبَ ويأخُذُ به. فقالَ رَبُّه: غَفَرتُ لِعَبدِى، فَلْيَعْمَلْ ما شاءَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدٍ عن (^٢) عبد اللَّهِ بنِ رَجاءٍ عن هَمَّامٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبد بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ بنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا النُّفَيلِىُّ، حدثنا مَخلَدُ بن يَزيدَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بن واقِدٍ العُمَرِىُّ، عن أبى نُصَيرَةَ (^٤)، عن مَولًى لآلِ أبى بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ -﵁-، عن أبى بكرٍ الصِّدّيقِ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أصَرَّ مَنِ استَغفَرَ وإِن عادَ فى اليَومِ سبعينَ مَرَّةً\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٧٠٨٧)، وفى الأربعين الصغرى (٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٤٨)، وابن حبان (٦٢٢) من طريق همام بن يحيى به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٢٥٢) من طريق إسحاق بن عبد اللَّه بن أبى طلحة به.\n(^٢) كذا فى نسخة المصنف، وفى غيرها: \"بن\".\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٥٨/ ٣٠). وعزاه فى تحفة الأشراف ١٠/ ١٤٧ (١٣٦٠١) للبخارى. وقال ابن حجر فى النكت الظراف ١٠/ ١٤٨: ولم أره فى شئ من نسخ البخارى. ولم نجده فيما بين أيدينا من نسخ البخارى.\n(^٤) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بصيرة\". وينظر الإكمال ١/ ٣٢٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٤/ ٣٤٥.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الدعوات الكبير (١٤٣)، وأبو داود (١٥١٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٣٥٥٩) من طريق =","vol":"21","page":17},{"text":"٢٠٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، سَمِعَ أبا عُبَيدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ يَدَه باللَّيلِ ليَتوبَ مُسِئُ النَّهارِ، وبِالنَّهارِ ليَتوبَ مُسِئُ اللَّيلِ، حَتَّى تَطلُعَ الشَّمسُ مِن مَغرِبِها\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ عن أبى داودَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعتُ الحارِثَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ يقولُ: أتَينا عبدَ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ، فحَدَّثَنا بحَديثَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، والآخَرُ عن نَفسِه، فقالَ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَلَّهُ أشَدُّ فرَحًا بتَوبَةِ عبدِه المُؤمِنِ مِن رَجُلٍ قال بأرضِ فلاةٍ دَوِّيَّةٍ (^٣) ومَهلَكَةٍ، ومَعَه راحِلَتُه عَلَيها طَعامُه وشَرابُه، فنَزَلَ عنها (^٤) فنامَ وراحِلَتُه عِندَ رأسِه، فاستَيقَظَ وقَد ذَهَبَت، فذَهَبَ فى طَلَبِها فلَم يَقدِرْ عَلَيها، حَتَّى أدرَكَه الموتُ (^٥) مِنَ العَطَشِ فقالَ: واللَّهِ لأرجِعَنَّ فلأموتَنَّ حَيثُ كان رَحلِى. فرَجَعَ فنامَ فاستَيقَظَ، وإِذا راحِلَتُه عِندَ رأسِه عَلَيها طَعامُه وشَرابُه\". قال: ثُمَّ\n_________\n= عثمان بن واقد به، وقال الترمذى: غريب. . . وليس إسناده بالقوى. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٣٢٦).\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٦٥٨٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٥٩/ عقب ٣١).\n(^٣) الدَّوُّ: الصحراء التى لا نبات فيها، والدوية منسوبة إليها. النهاية ٢/ ١٤٣.\n(^٤) فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"فيها\".\n(^٥) زيادة من: نسخة المصنف.","vol":"21","page":18},{"text":"قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنَّ المُؤمِنَ يَرَى ذُنوبَه كأنَّه جالِسٌ فى أصلِ جَبَلٍ يَخافُ أن يَنقَلِبَ عَلَيه، وإِنَّ الفاجِرَ يَرَى ذُنوبَه كَذُبابٍ مَرَّ على أنَّفِه، فقالَ له هَكَذا فذَهَبَ. وأمَرَّ بيَدِه على أنَّفِه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ مَنصورٍ عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: والفَرَحُ المُضافُ إلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ فى هذا الحديثِ بمَعنَى الرِّضا والقَبولِ كَقَولِه تَعالَى: ﴿كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٥٣، والروم: ٣٢] يَعنِى: راضونَ، كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَه بعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ، وهو حَسَنٌ (^٣).\nوفِى التَّوبَةِ مِنَ الذَّنبِ أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ لَيسَ ههنا مَوضِعُها.\nوأمَّا مَن خَرَجَ مِن أهلِ الاسلامِ مِن دارِ الدُّنيا وقَد تَلَوَّثَ بالذُّنوبِ والخَطايا، فهو فى مَشيئَةِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى؛ إن شاءَ غَفَرَ له بفَضلِه ذُنوبَه صِغارَها وكِبارَها، وإِن شاءَ عاقَبَه بعَدلِه على ذُنوبِه، ثُمَّ أخرَجَه مِن عُقوبَتِه إلَى جَنَّتِه برَحمَتِه أو بشَفاعَةِ الشّافِعينَ بإِذنِه، وفى ذَلِكَ أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ إلَّا أنّا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٩٩٥). وأخرجه البخارى (٦٣٠٨) معلقًا عن أبى أسامة به. والترمذى (٢٤٩٧، ٢٤٩٨) والنسائى فى الكبرى (٧٧٤٢) من طريق الأعمش به بنحوه. وعند النسائى مقتصرًا على المرفوع. وأحمد (٣٦٢٧ - ٣٦٢٩) من طريق الحارث بن سويد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٧٤٤/ ٤).\n(^٣) قال الذهبى ٨/ ٤١٩٤: \"ليت المؤلف سكت؛ فإن الحديث من أحاديث الصفات التى تُمَرُّ على ما جاءت كما هو معلوم من مذهب السلف، والتأويل الذى ذكره ليس بشئ؛ يُسأل عن معنى الرضا فيؤَوِّله بمعنى الإرادة، والنبى ﷺ قد جعل فرح الخالق ﷿ أشد من فرح الذى ضلت راحلته، فتأمل هذا وكفّ، واعلم أن نبيك لا يقول إلا حقًّا؛ فهو أعلم بما يجب للَّه وما يمتنع عليه من جميع الخلق. اللهم اكتب الإيمان بك فى قلوبنا، وأيدنا بروح منك\".","vol":"21","page":19},{"text":"نُشيرُ ههنا إلَى ما يَقَعُ به البَيانُ بتَوفيقِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى:\n\n٢٠٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ ابنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصِ بنِ غِيَاثٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا واللَّهِ أبو ذَرٍّ بالرَّبَذَةِ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أمشِى فى حَرَّةِ المَدينَةِ عِشاءً، فاستَقبَلَنا أُحُدٌ، فقالَ: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ، ما أُحِبُّ أنَّ أُحُدًا ذاكَ لِى ذَهَبًا تأتِى عَلَيه لَيلَةٌ وعِنْدى مِنه دينارٌ، إلَّا دينارٌ أُرصِدُه لِدَينٍ، إلَّا أن أقولَ به فى عِبادِ اللَّهِ هَكَذا وهَكَذا\". وأومأَ بيَدِه ثُمَّ قال: \"يا أبا ذَرٍّ\". قُلتُ: لَبَّيكَ وسَعدَيكَ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أَلا إنَّ الأكْثَرينَ هُمُ الأقَلُّونَ، إلَّا مَن قال هَكَذا وهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". ثُمَّ قال لِى: \"مَكانَكَ لا تَبرَحْ يا أبا ذَرٍّ حَتَّى أرجِعَ إلَيكَ\". قال: وانطلَقَ حَتَّى غابَ عَنِّى، فسَمِعتُ صَوتًا، فتَخَوَّفتُ أن يَكونَ عُرِضَ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ-، فأرَدتُ أن آتِيَه، ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُ قَولَه: \"لا تَبْرَحْ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، سَمِعتُ صَوتًا خَشِيتُ أن يَكونَ عُرِضَ لَكَ (^١)، ثُمَّ ذَكَرتُ قَولَكَ فأقَمتُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ذاكَ جِبريلُ أتانِى فأخبَرَنِى أنَّه مَن ماتَ مِن أُمَّتِى لا يُشرِكُ باللَّهِ شَيئًا دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\". قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وإِن زَنا وإِنْ سَرَقَ؟ قال: \"وإِن زَنا وإِن سَرَقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصِ بنِ غِيَاثٍ (^٣)،\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"ذاك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٤٧)، وابن حبان (١٧٠، ٣٣٢٦) من طريق الأعمش به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٩٦٢) من طريق زيد بن وهب به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٢٦٨).","vol":"21","page":20},{"text":"وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَفصٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو صالِحٍ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ نَحوَه (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ (^٣).\nقال البخارىُّ: حَديثُ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى الدَّرداءِ مُرسَلٌ، والصحيحُ حَديثُ أبى ذَرٍّ (^٤).\nقال البخارىُّ (^٥): وقالَ النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيل. فذَكَرَ ما:\n\n٢٠٨٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدٍ السَّديرِىُّ البَيهَقِىُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحُسَينِ الخُسْرَوْجِرْدِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ زَنْجُويَه، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا حَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ وسُلَيمانُ الأَعْمَشُ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ رُفَيعٍ قالوا: سَمِعنا زَيدَ بنَ وهبٍ (^٦)، عن أبى ذَرٍّ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ جِبريلَ أتانِى فبَشَّرَنِى أنَّه مَن ماتَ مِن أُمَّتِى لا يُشرِكُ باللَّهِ شَيئًا دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٣٨٨، ٦٤٤٤)، ومسلم ٢/ ٦٨٧ (٩٤/ ٣٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى البعث والنشور (٢٩) وسقط من المطبوعة: \"حدثنا عمر بن حفص حدثنا أبى\". وأخرجه أحمد مختصرًا (٢٧٥٢٧)، وابن حبان عقب (١٧٠، ٣٣٢٦) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) البخارى عقب (٦٢٦٨).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٦٤٤٣).\n(^٥) البخارى عقب (٦٤٤٣).\n(^٦) بعده فى م: \"يحدث\".","vol":"21","page":21},{"text":"قُلتُ: \"وإِنْ زَنا وإِن سَرَقَ؟ قال: وإِنْ زَنَا وإِنْ سرَقَ\". قال سُلَيمانُ يَعنِى لِزَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ: إنَّما يُروَى هذا الحَديثُ عن أبى الدَّرداءِ. قال: أمَّا أنا فسَمِعتُه مِن أبى ذَرٍّ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّى يَحيَى ابنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا جَريرٌ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيعٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: خَرَجتُ لَيلَةً مِنَ اللَّيالِى، فإِذا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَمشِى لَيسَ مَعَه إنسانٌ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فلَمَّا جاءَ لَم أصبِرْ حَتَّى قُلتُ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ -جَعَلَنِى اللَّهُ فِداكَ- مَن كُنتَ تُكَلِّمُ فى جانِبِ الحَرَّةِ؟ فما سَمِعتُ أحَدًا يَرجِعُ إلَيكَ شَيئًا. فقالَ: \"ذاكَ جِبريلُ عَرَضَ لِى فى جانِبِ الحَرَّةِ فقالَ: بَشِّرْ أُمَّتَكَ أنَّه مَن ماتَ لا يُشرِكُ باللَّهِ شَيئًا دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ. فقُلتُ: يا جِبريلُ، وإِن سَرَقَ وإِن زَنا؟ قال: نَعَم، وإِن سَرَقَ وإِن زَنا. قُلتُ: وإِنْ سَرَقَ وإِنْ زَنا؟ قال: وإِنْ سَرَقَ وزَنا وشَرِبَ الخَمرَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن المَعرورِ بنِ سُوَيدٍ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٩٦٠)، وابن حبان (٢١٣) من طريق النضر بن شميل به. وأحمد (٢١٤٦٤)، والترمذى (٢٦٤٤) من طريق شعبة به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى البعث والنشور (٢٦). وأخرجه مسلم ٢/ ٦٨٧ (٩٤/ ٣٣) من طريق جرير به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٤٤٣).","vol":"21","page":22},{"text":"\"إنِّى لأعلَمُ آخِرَ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ دُخولًا الجَنَّةَ وآخِرَ أهلِ النَّارِ خُروجًا مِنها؛ رَجُلٌ يُؤتَى به يَومَ القيامَةِ فيقالُ: اعرِضوا عَلَيه صِغَارَ ذُنوبه، وارفَعوا عنه كِبارَها. فيُعرَضُ عَلَيه صِغَارُ ذُنوبِه، فيقالُ: عَمِلتَ يَومَ كذا وكَذا كَذا وكَذا، وعَمِلتَ يَومَ كَذا وكَذا كَذا وكَذا؟ فيَقولُ: نَعَم. لا يَستَطيعُ أن يُنكِرَ، وهو مُشفِقٌ مِن كِبارِ ذُنوبِه أن تُعرَضَ عَلَيه، فيُقالُ له: فإِنَّ لَكَ بمَكانِ كُلِّ سَيِّئَةٍ حَسَنَةً. فيَقولُ: رَبِّ قَد عَمِلتُ أشياءَ لا أراها ههنا\". فلَقَد رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن عمرَو بنَ أبى سُفيانَ حَدَّثَه أن أبا هريرةَ قال لِكَعبِ الأحبارِ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِىٍّ دَعوَةً مُستَجابَةً، فتَعَجَّلَ كُلُّ نَبِىٍّ دَعْوتَه، وإِنِّى اختَبأتُ دَعوَتِى شَفاعَةً لأُمَّتِى إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ، فهِىَ نائلَةٌ إن شاءَ اللَّهُ مَن ماتَ مِن أُمَّتِى لا يُشْرِكُ باللَّهِ شَيئًا\". قال كَعبٌ لأبِى هريرةَ: أسَمِعتَ هذا مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ قال أبو هريرةَ: نَعَم (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ بنِ يَحيَى (^٤)، وبِهَذا اللَّفظِ أخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٩١)، وفى البعث والنشور (١٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٣٩٣)، والترمذى (٢٥٩٦)، وابن حبان (٧٣٧٥) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٩٠/ ٣١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى فضائل الأوقات (٢٠٢).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩٨/ ٣٣٧).","vol":"21","page":23},{"text":"أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى وأبو المُثَنَّى العَنبَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا بِسطامُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ، عن أشعَثَ الحُدَّانِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ، عن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"شَفاعَتِى لأهلِ الكَبائرِ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغَانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِىٍّ دَعوَةً قَد دَعا بها فى أُمَّتِه، وإِنِّى اختَبأتُ دَعوَتِى شَفاعَةً لأُمَّتِى يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن رَوحٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨١٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٩٨/ ٣٣٨).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٦٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٢٢٢)، وأبو داود (٤٧٣٩) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٠٦) بالإسناد الثانى. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣١٧٠، ١٣٩٣٢) عن روح بن عبادة به. وابن حبان (٦١٩٦) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٠٠/ ٣٤٢).","vol":"21","page":24},{"text":"أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ أبى خَلَفٍ عن رَوحٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨١٤ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أنبأنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ عمرٌو جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ -﵁- يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بأُذُنَىَّ هاتَينِ يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى يُخرِجُ قَومًا مِنَ النَّارِ، فيُدخِلُهُمُ الجَنَّةَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَخرُجُ قَومٌ مِنَ النّارِ بالشَّفاعَةِ فيَنبُتونَ كأنَّهُمُ الثَّعاريرُ\".\nقالَ: قيلَ لِعَمرٍو: وما الثَّعاريرُ؟ قال: الضَّغابيسُ (^٥). قال حَمَّادٌ: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥١١٦) عن روح بن عبادة به. وابن حبان (٦٤٦٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٠١/ ٣٤٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى فضائل الأوقات (٢٠٠)، وسعدان فى جزئه (١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣١٢)، وابن حبان مطولًا (٧٤٨٣) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٩١/ ٣١٧).\n(^٥) الثعارير والضغابيس: صغار القثاء، وإنما شبه حالهم بذلك لأن القثاء تطول سريعًا. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٢٢.","vol":"21","page":25},{"text":"عمرٌو سَقَطَ فمُه. قال حَمّادٌ: فقُلتُ لِعَمرٍو: يا أبا محمدٍ، سَمِعتَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُخرِجُ قَومًا مِنَ النَّارِ بالشَّفاعَةِ\"؟. قال: نَعَم (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ يَزيدَ الفَقيرِ عن جابِرٍ، واحتَجَّ فى ذَلِكَ جابِرٌ بقَولِه ﷿: ﴿عَسَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا﴾ وقالَ: إنَّه مَقامُ محمدٍ المَحمودُ الَّذِى يُخرِجُ اللَّهُ به مَن يُخرِجُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا وُهَيبُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ يَحيَى، عن أبيه، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا دَخَلَ أهلُ الجَنَّةِ الجَنَّةَ وأهلُ النَّارِ النَّارَ يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: مَن كان فى قَلبِه مِثقالُ خَردَلَة مِن خَيرٍ فأخرِجوه. فيُخرَجونَ قَدِ امتُحِشُوا (^٤) وعادوا حُمَمًا\" (^٥). قال: \"فيُلقَونَ فى نَهَرٍ يُقالُ له: نَهَرُ الحَياةِ\". قال: \"فيَنبُتونَ فيه كما تَنبُتُ الحِبَّةُ (^٦) فى حَميل السَّيلِ\" (^٧). فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألم تَرَوا أنَّها تَنبُتُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٣١٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى السنة (٨٤١)، وابن خزيمة فى التوحيد (٤١٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به، مقتصرين على آخره.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٥٥٨)، ومسلم (١٩١/ ٣١٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٩١/ ٣٢٠).\n(^٤) امتحشوا: احترقوا، وفيه الوجهان؛ البناء للمعلوم وللمجهول. فتح البارى لابن رجب ٥/ ١٠٧.\n(^٥) حممًا: فحمًا. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٠١.\n(^٦) الحِبّة بالكسر: بزور البقول وحب الرياحين. وقيل: هو نبت صغير ينبت على الحشيش. النهاية ١/ ٣٢٦.\n(^٧) حميل السيل: ما حمله السيل من كل شئ. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٧١.","vol":"21","page":26},{"text":"صَفراءَ مُلتَويَةً؟ \" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ وغَيرِه عن عمرٍو (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وفِى هذا أخبارٌ كَثيرَةٌ، وفيما ذَكَرنا مَعَ نَصِّ الكِتابِ بغُفرانِ ما دونَ الشِّركِ لِمَن يَشاءُ كِفايَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4322>بابُ بَيانِ مَكارِمِ الأخلاقِ ومَعاليها التى مَن كان مُتَخَلِّقًا بها كان مِن أهلِ المُروءَةِ -التى هِىَ شَرطٌ فى قَبولِ الشَّهادَةِ- على طَريقِ الاختِصارِ</span>\n\n٢٠٨١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ يَعنِى أحمدَ بنَ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ كَريزٍ الخُزاعِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى كَريمٌ يُحِبُّ مَعالِىَ الأخلاقِ، ويَكرَهُ سَفْسافَها\" (^٤). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥٣٣)، وأبو يعلى (١٢١٩) من طريق وهيب بن خالد به. وابن حبان (١٨٢، ٢٢٢) من طريق عمرو بن يحيى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٥٦٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٢)، ومسلم (١٨٤/ ٣٠٤، ٣٠٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب عقب (٨٠١٢)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٨٩)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٥٠)، ومن طريقه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٣٥٠٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٨ من طريق سفيان به، وذكره المصنف فى الشعب عقب (٨٠١٢).","vol":"21","page":27},{"text":"٢٠٨١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ أحمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ يَحيَى الأَدَمِىُّ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ ثَورٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن سَهلِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ كَريمٌ يُحِبُّ الكَرَمَ ومَعالِىَ الأخلاقِ، ويُبْغِضُ سَفْسافَها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن أبى غسَّانَ عن أبى حازِمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ المَرْوَرُّوذِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن القَعقاعِ ابنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما بُعِثتُ لأُتَمِّمَ مَكارِمَ الأخلاقِ\" (^٣). كذا رُوِىَ عن الدَّراوَردِىِّ.\n\n٢٠٨٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أنبأنا أبو يَعقوبَ إسحاقُ بنُ جابِرٍ القَطَّانُ قِراءَةً عَلَيه، حَدَّثَكُم سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ أيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عَجلانَ أن القَعقاعَ بنَ حَكيمٍ أخبَرَه عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٢٠٧). وأخرجه ابن قانع فى معجم الصحابة ١/ ٢٦٩، والطبرانى (٥٩٢٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٨ من طريق أحمد بن يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٤٨ من طريق أبى غسان به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٨٩٥٢) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٢٧٣) من طريق عبد العزيز بن محمد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤١٩٨: هو خطأ.","vol":"21","page":28},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أَكمَلُ المُؤْمِنينَ إِيمانًا أَحسَنُهُم خُلُقًا\". قال ابنُ عَجْلانَ: وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بُعِثتُ لأُتَمِّمَ صالِحَ الأَخلاقِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ، عن مَسروقٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عمرٍو -﵁- يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَم يَكُنْ فاحِشًا ولا مُتَفَحِّشًا، وإنَّه كان يقولُ: \"إنَّ أخيارَكُم (^٢) أحاسِنُكُم أخلاقًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه (^٤)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٥)، وقالَ بَعضهُم فى الحديث: \"مِن خيارِكُم\".\n\n٢٠٨٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفىُّ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى طاهِرٍ الدَّقّاقُ ببَغدادَ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ القُرَشِىُّ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفَّانَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرِ ابنِ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن النَّوَّاسِ بنِ سِمعانَ الأنصارِىِّ قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٢٠٤). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٧٠٩)، وأحمد (١٠٨١٧) من طريق محمد ابن عجلان به، مقتصرين على الموصول.\n(^٢) فى س: \"خياركم\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣١٤، ٣١٥. وأخرجه أحمد (٦٨١٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نمير به. والترمذى (١٩٧٥)، وابن حبان (٤٧٧، ٦٤٤٢) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣٢١/ عقب ٨٦).\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٥٥٩)، ومسلم (٢٣٢١/ ٦٨).","vol":"21","page":29},{"text":"سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن البِرِّ والإِثمِ، فقالَ: \"البِرُّ حُسنُ الخُلُقِ، والإِثمُ ما حاكَ فى نَفسِكَ وكَرِهتَ أن يَطَّلِعَ عَلَيه النَّاسُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ أبى عُتبَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ -﵁- يقولُ: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ كما أشَدَّ حَياءً مِنَ العَذراءِ فى خِدرِها، وكانَ إذا كَرِهَ شَيئًا عَرَفناه فى وجهِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بُندارٍ عن ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن زُهَيرِ بنِ حَربٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ مَهدِىٍّ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحْمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال؛ سَمِعتُ رِبعِىَّ بنَ حِراشٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِمّا أدرَكَ النّاسُ مِن كَلامِ النُّبوَّةِ: إذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٦٣٣)، والترمذى (٢٣٨٩)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٥٣/ ١٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣١٦، والآداب (٢٠٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٦٣٠٧) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأحمد (١١٦٨٣، ١١٨٦٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٣٥٦٢)، ومسلم (٢٣٢٠/ ٦٧).","vol":"21","page":30},{"text":"لَم تَستَحِى فاصنَعْ ما شِئتَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وهَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ضرَبَ خادِمًا قَطُّ، ولا ضَرَبَ بيَدِه شَيئًا قَطُّ إلَّا أن يُجاهِدَ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، ولا نِيلَ مِنه شَئٌ قَطُّ فيَنتَقِمَه مِن صاحِبِه إلَّا أن يَكونَ للَّهِ، فإِذا كان للَّهِ انتَقَمَ مِنه، ولا عَرَضَ له أمرانِ إلَّا أخذَ الَّذِى هو أيسَرُ حَتَّى يَكونَ إثمًا؛ فإِذا كان إثمًا كان أبَعدَ النّاسِ مِنه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطَّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أَصْبَغُ بنُ فرَجٍ ويَحيَى ابنُ سُلَيمانَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو النَّضرِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مُستَجمِعًا ضاحِكًا حَتَّى أَرَى مِنه لَهَواتِه؛ إنَّما كان يَتَبَسَّمُ (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (١٩٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٩٠، ١٧٠٩٨، ٢٢٣٤٥)، وأبو داود (٤٧٩٧)، وابن حبان (٦٠٧) من طريق شعبة به. وابن ماجه (٤١٨٣) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٤٨٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (١٤٢٤)، وإسحاق بن راهويه فى مسنده (٨١١)، وهناد فى الزهد (١٢٦٦)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٨٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٩٢٣) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٣١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٣٢٨/ عقب ٧٩).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣٢٢، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٣٦٢. وتقدم مطولًا فى (٦٥٣٥) من =","vol":"21","page":31},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ مَعروفٍ وغَيرِه عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابن الفَضلِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ زَيدٍ أبو يَحيَى المُلائِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى زَيدٌ العَمِّىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا صَافَحَ أو صافَحَه الرَّجُلُ لا يَنزعُ يَدَه مِن يَدِه حَتَّى يَكونَ الرَّجُلُ يَنزعُ، فإِنِ استَقبَلَه بوَجهِه لا يَصرِفُه عنه حَتَّى يَكونَ الرَّجُلُ يَنصَرِفُ، ولَم يُرَ مُقَدِّمًا رُكبَتَيه بَينَ يَدَىْ جَليسٍ لَه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا فُلَيحٌ، حدثنا هِلالٌ يَعنِى ابنَ علىٍّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَم يَكُنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فاحِشًا مُتَفَحِّشًا ولا لَعَّانًا ولا سَبَّابًا؛ كان يقولُ لأحَدِنا عِندَ المَعتَبَةِ: \"ما له؟ تَرِبَت جَبينُه (^٣) \" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n= طريق ابن وهب.\n(^١) البخارى (٦٠٩٢)، ومسلم (٨٩٩/ ١٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣٢٠، وفى الآداب (٢١٨)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ٣٦٢. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٤٩٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧١٦) من طريق عمران بن زيد به، وقال الترمذى: غريب. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٨١٣) إلا جملة المصافحة.\n(^٣) قيل: أراد به دعاء له بكثرة السجود. التاج ٢/ ٦٤ (ت ر ب).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٤٦٣)، وأبو يعلى (٤٢٢٠) من طريق فليح به. وعند أبى يعلى: \"يمينه\" بدل: \"جبينه\".","vol":"21","page":32},{"text":"عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ (^١)\n\n٢٠٨٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ قال: كان عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ مَروانَ يُرسِلُ إلَى أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ فتَبِيتُ عِندَ نِسائِه ويُسائِلُها عن الشَّئِ. قال: فقامَ لَيلَةً، فدَعا خادِمَه فأبطأت عَلَيه فلَعَنَها، فقالَت: لا تَلعَنْ؛ فإِنَّ أبا الدَّرداءِ حَدَّثَنِى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّعّانينَ لا يَكونونَ يَومَ القيامَةِ شُفَعاءَ ولا شُهَداءَ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٣٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنبَغِى لِصِدِّيق أن يَكونَ لَعّانًا\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ الأيلِىِّ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٠٤٦).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٥١٥٢)، وفى الآداب ص ٢٥٩، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٠٣٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٥٢٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٠٧)، وابن حبان (٥٧٤٦) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٥٩٨/ عقب ٨٥).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٥١٥١)، وفى الآداب ص ٢٥٩ (٥٤٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٤٧، ٨٧٨٢) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٥٩٧/ ٨٤).","vol":"21","page":33},{"text":"٢٠٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أيُّوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانِىُّ ثُمَّ البَيهَقِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عمرٍو الفُقَيمِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ المُؤمِنُ بالطَّعّانِ ولا اللَّعّانِ ولا الفاحِشِ ولا البَذِئِ\" (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلُه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن تَميمِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن جَريرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يُحرَمِ الرِّفقَ يُحرَمِ الخَيرَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٥١٤٩)، والحاكم ١/ ١٢، والإسماعيلى فى معجمه ٢/ ٥٣٩، ٥٤٠. وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٣١٢)، والطبرانى (١٠٤٨٣) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وأحمد (٣٩٤٨)، وابن حبان (١٩٢) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٠: إسناده جيد.\n(^٢) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٢١١٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٢٥٢)، وأبو داود (٤٨٠٩) من طريق أبى معاوية به. وابن ماجه (٣٦٨٧) من طريق الأعمش به. وابن حبان (٥٤٨) من طريق تميم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٩٢/ ٧٥).","vol":"21","page":34},{"text":"٢٠٨٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن المِقدامِ بنِ شُرَيحٍ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها كانَت على جَمَلٍ فجَعَلَت تَضرِبُه، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا عائشَةُ، عَلَيكِ بالرِّفقِ، فإنَّه لَم يَكُنْ فى شئٍ إلّا زانَه، ولَم يُنزَعْ مِن شَئٍ إلَّا شانَه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى حَيوَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ الهادِ، عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنَّ اللَّهَ رَفيقٌ يُحِبُّ الرِّفقَ، ويُعطِى على الرِّفقِ ما لا يُعطِى على العُنفِ، وما لا يُعطِى على ما سِواه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٣٥ - حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١١٠٦٤)، وفى الآداب (١٩١)، والطيالسى (١٦١٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٣٨) من طريق شعبة به. وأبو داود (٢٤٧٨)، وابن حبان (٥٥٠) من طريق المقدام بن شريح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٩٤/ ٧٨، ٧٩).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٤١٤)، وفى الآداب (١٩٠). وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٣٤٩٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٩٣/ ٧٧).","vol":"21","page":35},{"text":"حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن يَعلَى بنِ مَمْلَكٍ، عن أُمِّ الدَّرداءِ، تَرويه عن أبى الدَّرداءِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أُعطِىَ حَظَّه منَ الرِّفقِ فقَد أُعطِىَ حَظَّه مِنَ الخَيرِ، ومَن حُرِمَ حَظَّه مِنَ الرِّفقِ فقَد حُرِمَ حَظَّه مِنَ الخَيرِ\". وقالَ: \"أثقَلُ شَئٍ فى ميزانِ المُؤمِنِ خُلُقٌ حَسَنٌ، إنَّ اللَّهَ يُبغِضُ الفاحِشَ البَذِئَ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن مَكحولٍ، عن أبى ثَعلَبَةَ الخُشَنِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أحَبَّكُم إلَىَّ وأقرَبَكُم مِنِّى أحاسِنُكُم أخلاقًا، وإِنَّ أبغَضَكُم إلَىَّ وأبعَدَكُم مِنِّى مَساويكُم أخلاقًا؛ الثَّرثارونَ المُتَشَدِّقونَ المُتَفَيهِقونَ (^٢) \".\n\n٢٠٨٣٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفَحَّامُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا البَراءُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ القاصُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ شَقيقٍ العُقَيلِىُّ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- رَفَعَه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٢٠٦)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (١٠٥٠)، وسعدان فى جزئه (١٤٥). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٥٥٣)، والترمذى (٢٠٠٢، ٢٠١٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الترمذى فى الموضعين: حسن صحيح. وسقط من مطبوعة الترمذى فى الموضع الأول: سفيان بن عيينة، وينظر تحفة الأشراف (١١٠٠٢)، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٦٣٩، والصحيحية (٨٧٦).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"المتفيقهون\". وفى حاشيته كالمثبت، وأصل الفهق الامتلاء، فمعنى المتفيهق الذى يتوسع فى كلامه ويفهق به فمه. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ١٠٦.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الشعب (٤٩٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٧٣٢، ١٧٧٤٣)، وابن حبان (٤٨٢، ٥٥٥٧) من طريق داود بن أبى هند به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠١: مكحول لم يدرك أبا ثعلبة.","vol":"21","page":36},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أَلَا أُخبِرُكُم بشِرارِ هذه الأُمَّةِ؟ الثَّرثارونَ المُتَشَدِّقونَ المُتَفَيهِقونَ (^١)، أفلا أُنَبِّئُكُم بخيارِهِم؟ أحاسِنُهُم أخلاقًا\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا زُهَيرٌ، حدثنا قابوسُ بنُ أبى ظَبيانَ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الهَدىُ الصّالِحُ والسَّمتُ الصّالِحُ والإِقْتِصادُ جُزءٌ مِن خَمسَة وعِشرينَ جُزءًا مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشَّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ ابنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أخبرَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِمَّن لَقِىَ الوَفدَ وذَكَرَ أبا نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ، فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ وفدِ عبدِ القَيسِ قال: وأُتِىَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بأشَجِّ عبدِ القَيسِ فقالَ: \"إنَّ فيكَ خَصلَتَينِ يُحِبُّهُما اللَّهُ ورسولُه؛ الحِلمُ والأَناةُ\" (^٤). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"المتفيقهون\". وفى حاشيته كالمثبت.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٩٧٠)، وفى الآداب ص ٢٤٦، ٢٤٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٨٨٢٢)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٣٠٨) من طريق البراء به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح الأدب المفرد (٩٨٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٥٥٥). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٦٨)، والطبرانى (١٢٦٠٨) من طريق أحمد بن يونس به. وأحمد (٢٦٩٨)، وأبو داود (٤٧٧٦) من طريق زهير به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠١: قابوس ضُعِّف.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٤٠٩). وتقدم فى (٢٠٢٩٩).","vol":"21","page":37},{"text":"ابنِ مُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا الأَعْمَشُ، عن مالكِ بنِ الحارِثِ، عن مُصعَبِ ابنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه -قال الأَعْمَشُ: ولا أعلَمُه إلَّا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"التُّؤَدَةُ فى كُلِّ شَئٍ خَيرٌ إلَّا فى عَمَلِ الآخِرَةِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ يُبغِضُ كُلَّ جَعْظَرِىٍّ جَوَّاظٍ، سَخّابٍ (^٣) فى الأسواقِ، جيفَةٍ باللَّيلِ، حِمارٍ بالنَّهارِ، عالِمٍ بالدُّنيا، جاهِلٍ بالآخِرَةِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا الأُستاذُ أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَعبَدِ بنِ خالِدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٨/ ٢٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٤١١)، وفى الزهد الكبير (٧١٤)، والحاكم ١/ ٦٣، ٦٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٨١٠) من طريق عفان بن مسلم به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٢٥).\n(^٣) الجعظرى: الفظ الغليظ المتكبر، والجواظ: الجموع المنوع، والسخاب: فَعَّال من السَّخَب والصَّخَب؛ بمعنى الصياح. ينظر النهاية ١/ ٢٧٦، ٣١٦، ٢/ ٣٤٩.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن حبان (٧٢) من طريق أحمد بن يوسف السلمى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠١: إسناده جيد.","vol":"21","page":38},{"text":"عن حارِثَةَ بنِ وهبٍ، سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أَلَا أدُلُّكُم على أهلِ الجَنَّةِ؟ كُلُّ ضَعيفٍ مُتَضَعَّفٍ (^١)، لَو أقسَمَ على اللَّهِ لأبَرَّه\". وقالَ: \"أهلُ النّارِ كُلُّ جَوّاظٍ عُتُلٍّ مُستَكبِرٍ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أنبأنا عُبَيدُ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا مُحاضِرٌ، حدثنا سَعدُ بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ أبى عمرٍو، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كان لَيِّنًا هَيِّنًا سَهلًا حَرَّمَه اللَّهُ على النَّارِ\" (^٥).\nرَواه سَهلُ بنُ عَمّارٍ عن مُحاضِرٍ فقالَ فيه: عن المُطَّلِبِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٦).\n\n٢٠٨٤٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المتضعف: الذى يتضعفه النّاس -بمعنى يستضعفونه- ويحتقرونه ويتجبرون عليه لضعف حاله فى الدنيا. وروى بالكسر بمعنى أنه متواضع متذلل خامل واضع من نفسه. ينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٧/ ١٨٧.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (١٠٤٨٤)، والطيالسى (١٣٣٤). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١٦١٥)، وابن حبان (٥٦٧٩) من طريق شعبة به. وأحمد (١٨٧٢٨، ١٨٧٣٠)، والترمذى (٢٦٠٥)، وابن ماجه (٤١١٦) من طريق معبد بن خالد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٦٥٧)، ومسلم (٢٨٥٣/ ٤٦).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"عبد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه هناد فى الزهد (١٢٦٢) من طريق سعد بن سعيد به.\n(^٦) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ١٢٦ - وعنه المصنف فى الشعب (٨١٢٣) من طريق سهل به.","vol":"21","page":39},{"text":"ابنُ أبى قُماشٍ، حدثنا سَعْدُويَه، عن أبى عَقِيلٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن ابنٍ لأُمِّ سلمةَ المَخزومِىِّ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أوَّلُ ما نَهانِى عنه رَبِّى ﷿ وعَهِدَ إِلَىَّ بعدَ عِبادَةِ الأوثانِ وشُربِ الخَمرِ لَمُلاحاةُ الرِّجالِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى بنَيسابورَ وأبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدَّامَغانِىُّ ببَيهَقَ قالا: أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ إسماعيلَ أبو عِمرانَ الغَزِّىُّ بغَزَّةَ سنةَ ثَلاثِمِائَةٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى السَّرِىِّ العَسقَلانِىُّ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ بشرٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن إياسِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ المُزِّنِىِّ قال: كُنَّا عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ فذُكِرَ عِندَه الحَياءُ فقالوا: الحَياءُ مِنَ الدّينِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: بَل هو الدّينُ كُلُّه. فقالَ إياسٌ: حَدَّثَنِى أبى عن جَدِّى قُرَّةَ قال: كُنَّا عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذُكِرَ عِندَه الحَياءُ فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الحَياءُ مِنَ الدّينِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَل هو الدّينُ كُلُّه\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الحَياءَ والعَفافَ والعِىَّ -عِىَّ اللِّسانِ لا عِىَّ القَلبِ- والعَمَلَ مِنَ الإيمانِ، وِإنَّهُنَّ يَزِدنَ فى الآخِرَةِ ويَنقُصنَ مِنَ الدُّنيا، وما يَزِدنَ فى الآخِرَةِ أكثرُ مِمّا يَزِدنَ فى الدُّنيا\". قال إياسُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ: فأمَرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ فأملَيتُها عَلَيه، ثُمَّ كَتَبَها بخَطِّه، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بنا الظُّهرَ والعَصرَ وإِنَّه لَفِى كُمِّه ما وضَعَها إعجابًا بها (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٦٩٧٢)، والطبرانى ٢٣/ ٢٥٠ (٥٠٥) من طريق أبى عقيل يحيى بن المتوكل به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٢: إسماعيل واهٍ.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى مكارم الأخلاق (٨٧)، والطبرانى ١٩/ ٢٩ (٦٣) من طريق محمد بن =","vol":"21","page":40},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ محمدٍ المُبارَكِىُّ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ، عن الحَجّاجِ ابنِ فُرافِصَةَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أَبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنُ غِرٌّ كَريمٌ، والفاجِرُ خَبٌّ لَئيمٌ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن عيسَى بنِ يونُسَ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\nوقيلَ: عن سُفيانَ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\nورَواه بِشرُ بنُ رافِعٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن أبى سلمةَ (^٤) عن أبى هريرةَ كَذَلِكَ مَرفوعًا (^٥).\n_________\n= أبى السرى به. وسياقهما أطول مما عند المصنف. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٢: هذا حديث ليس بصحيح؛ عبد الحميد ضعفه أبو زرعة، وبكر مجهول.\n(^١) الغرُّ الذى لا يفطن للشر، والخب ضد الغر هو الخداع المفسد. التاج ٢/ ٣٢٧ (خ ب ب).\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الآداب (٢٠٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٣١٢٨)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣ من طريق سليمان بن محمد به. والبزار (٨٦٢١) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٢: حجاج تُكُلِّم فيه.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٦٠٠٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٣١٢٩)، والحاكم ١/ ٤٣ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٩١١٨)، وأبو داود (٤٧٩٠) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٠٦).\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"بن عبد الرحمن\".\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤١٨)، والترمذى (١٩٦٤)، من طريق بشر بن رافع به. وقال الترمذى: غريب. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح الأدب المفرد (٣٢٢).","vol":"21","page":41},{"text":"٢٠٨٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ المُؤَدِّبُ، حدثنا [مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىُّ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"كَرَمُ المَرءِ دينُه، ومُروءَتُه عَقلُه، وحَسَبُه خُلُقُه\"] (^١). هذا يُعرَفُ بمُسلِمِ بنِ خالِدٍ الزَّنجِىِّ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ ضَعيفَينِ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ.\n\n٢٠٨٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ العَطَّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى السَّفَرِ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ زيادَ بنَ حُدَيرٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: حَسَبُ المَرءِ دينُه، ومُروءَتُه خُلُقُه، وأصلُه عَقلُه (^٢). هذا المَوقوفُ إسنادُه صَحيحٌ.\n\n٢٠٨٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا مَنصورٍ محمدَ بنَ القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إبراهيمَ بنَ مَحمودٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشَّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: المُروءَةُ أربَعَةُ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: نسخة المصنف.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الآداب (٢٢٠). وأخرجه الدينورى فى المجالسة وجواهر العلم (٢٦٨٤) من طريق العباس بن محمد الدورى به. وتقدم فى (١٣٨٩٢).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى الآداب عقب (٢٢٠). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٣/ ٣٠٤ من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٣٤٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"21","page":42},{"text":"أركانٍ؛ حُسنُ الخُلُقِ، والسَّخاءُ، والتَّواضُعُ، والنُّسُكُ.\n\n٢٠٨٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داودَ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى المُنتَجِعُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا غُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن حَبيبٍ التَّميمِىِّ، أن مُعاويَةَ سألَ رَجُلًا مِن عبدِ القَيسِ: ما تَعُدُّونَ المُروءَةَ فيكُم؟ قال: الحِرفَةُ والعِفَّةُ (^١).\nورُوِّينا عن أبى سَوّارٍ قال: قيلَ لِمُعاويَةَ: ما المُروءَةُ؟ قال: العَفافُ فى الدّينِ، وإِصلاحٌ فى المَعيشَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ ابنَ المُؤَمَّلِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ الفارِسِىَّ يقولُ: قَرأتُ فى بَعضِ الكُتُبِ أن يَزيدَ بنَ مُعاويَةَ سألَ الأحنَفَ بنَ قَيسٍ عن المُروءَةِ، فقالَ الأحنَفُ: المُروءَةُ التُّقَى والاحتِمالُ. ثُمَّ أطرَقَ الأحنَفُ ساعَةً وقالَ:\nوإِذا جَميلُ الوَجهِ لَم ... يأتِ الجَميلَ فما جَمالُه\nما خَيرُ أخلاقِ الفَتَى ... إلَّا تُقاه واحتِمالُه\nفقالَ يَزيدُ: أحسَنتَ يا أبا بَحرٍ، وافَقَ اليَمُّ زِيْرًا. قال: الأحنَفُ: هَلَّا قُلتَ: وافَقَ المَعنَى تَفسيرًا (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ المُؤَمَّلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الذهبى فى تاريخ الإسلام (حوادث ووفيات سنة ٦٤٣ هـ) ص ١٥١ من طريق غندر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١٢٩١ من طريق أبى سوار به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٤/ ٣٣٧، ٣٣٨ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"21","page":43},{"text":"حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الفَرَّاءُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عَثَّامٍ، عن الأصمَعِىِّ قال: قال سَلْمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ: الدُّنيا العافيَةُ، والشَّبابُ الصِّحَّةُ، والمُروءَةُ الصَّبرُ على الرِّجالِ. قال: فسألتُ: ما الصَّبرُ على الرِّجالِ؟ فوَصَفَ المُداراةَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا مُشرَّفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ حُسَينٍ قال: قُلتُ لإياسِ بنِ مُعاويَةَ: ما المُروءَةُ؟ قال: أمّا فى بَلَدِكَ وحَيثُ تُعرَفُ: التَّقوَى، وأمّا حَيثُ لا تُعرَفُ: فاللِّباسُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4323>باب: مَن كان مُنكَشِفَ الكَذِبِ مُظهِرَه غَيَر مُستَتِرٍ به لَم تَجُزْ شَهادَتُهُ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعود -﵁-: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"عَلَيكُم بالصِّدقِ؟ فإِنَّ الصِّدقَ يَهدِى إلَى البِرِّ، وإِنَّ البِرَّ يَهدِى إلَى الجَنَّةِ، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَصدُقُ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ صِدِّيقًا، وإيَّاكُم والكَذِبَ؛ فإنَّ الكَذِبَ يَهدِى إلَى الفُجورِ، وإِنَّ الفُجورَ يَهدِى إلَى النَّارِ، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَكذِبُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٨٥٠٠). وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٤٣/ ١٨٥ من طريق على بن عثام بدون السؤال، وبالسؤال ٢٢/ ١٥٤ من طريق آخر عن سلم بن قتيبة.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٠/ ٢١ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"21","page":44},{"text":"حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ كَذّابًا\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: \"وما يَزالُ الرَّجُلُ يَصدُقُ ويَتَحَرَّى الصِّدقَ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ صِدِّيقًا\". وقالَ فى آخِرِه: \"وما يَزالُ الرَّجُلُ يَكذِبُ ويَتَحَرَّى الكَذِبَ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ كَذّابًا\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يحيَى (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ مَنصورٍ عن أبى وائلٍ شَقيقٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن أبى سُهَيلٍ نافِعِ بنِ مالكِ بنِ أبى عامِرٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"آيَةُ المُنافِقِ ثَلاثٌ، إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وإِذا وعَدَ أخلَفَ، وإِذا اؤْتُمِنَ خانَ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٨٨). وأخرجه مسلم (٢٦٠٧/ عقب ١٠٥)، وأبو داود (٤٩٨٩) من طريق الأعمش به. وسيأتى فى (٢١١٧٨).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٦٣٨، ٤١٠٨)، والترمذى (١٩٧١) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٠٧/ ١٠٥) دون ذكر يحيى، ولكن عن ابن نمير وأبى كريب عن أبى معاوية.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٠٩٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٠٧/ ١٠٣، ١٠٤).\n(^٥) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١١٢٧) عن قتيبة به، وتقدم فى (١١٥٦٩، ١٢٨١٤).\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٦٨٢)، ومسلم (٥٩/ ١٠٧).","vol":"21","page":45},{"text":"٢٠٨٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ وموسَى بنُ محمدٍ الذُّهلِىُّ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ مِن شَرِّ النّاسِ ذا الوَجهَينِ؛ الَّذِى يأتِى هَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ وهَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى صالِحٍ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما كان خُلُقٌ أبغَضَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الكَذِبِ، ولَقَد كان الرَّجُلُ يَكذِبُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الكَذْبَةَ، فما يزالُ فى نَفسِه عَلَيه حَتَّى يَعَلَمَ أنَّه قَد أحدَثَ مِنها تَوبَةً (^٣).\nقال أبو بكرٍ: كان فى نُسخَتِنا عن عبدِ الرَّزَّاقِ هذا الحديثُ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ أو غَيرِه، فحَدَّثَنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ بغَيرِ شَكٍّ فقالَ: عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ. ولَم يَذكُرْ: أو غَيرِه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٧٩). ومالك ٢/ ٩٩١، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٧٠٠).\n(^٢) مسلم ٤/ ٢٠١١ (٢٥٢٦/ ٩٨)، والبخارى (٦٠٥٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨١٦)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٩٥)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٥١٨٣)، والترمذى (١٩٧٣)، وابن حبان (٥٧٣٦). وقال الترمذى: حسن.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب عقب (٤٨١٦)، وأبو بكر هو أحمد بن منصور الرمادى المذكور فى الإسناد.","vol":"21","page":46},{"text":"قال الشيخُ: ولَه شاهِدٌ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ:\n\n٢٠٨٥٩ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو زُرعَةَ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: ما كان شَئٌ أبغَضَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ الكَذِبِ، وما جَرَّبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على أحَدٍ كَذِبًا فرَجَعَ إلَيه ما كان حَتَّى يَعرِفَ مِنه تَوبَةً (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٦٠ - وأخرَجَه شَيخُنا فيما لَم يُمْلِ مِن كِتابِ \"المستدرك\" عن الأصَمِّ، عن ابنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، عن ابنِ وهبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَر، عن موسَى بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أبطَلَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ فى كَذْبَةٍ كَذَبَها (^٣). كَذا فى كِتابِى: موسَى بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو إسحاق المزكى - كما فى المزكيات (٣٧)، وذكره ابن أبى حاتم فى العلل (٢١٩٨) عن مروان بن محمد الطاطرى به.\n(^٢) الحاكم ٤/ ٩٨ وصححه، وابن وهب فى جامعه (٥٣٣)، ومن طريقه ابن أبى حاتم فى العلل (٢٣٣٦)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٩/ ٤٨، ٤٩.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٥٥)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٩٧)، ومن طريقه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٤/ ١٦٣.","vol":"21","page":47},{"text":"٢٠٨٦٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا حَمزَةُ الكاتِبُ، حدثنا نُعَيمُ بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن موسَى بنِ شَيبَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جَرَحَ شَهادَةَ رَجُلٍ فى كَذْبَةٍ كَذَبَها (^١). وهَذا أصَحُّ، وهو مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢٠٨٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أنبأنا بَهزُ بنُ حَكيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ويلٌ للَّذِى يُحَدِّثُ فيَكذِبُ لِيُضحِكَ به النّاسَ، ويلٌ له، ويلٌ له\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ -﵁- يقولُ: إيّاكُم والكَذِبَ؛ فإِنَّ الكَذِبَ مُجانِبٌ لِلإيمانِ (^٣). هذا مَوقوفٌ، وهو الصحيحُ، وقَد رُوِىَ مَرفوعًا.\n\n٢٠٨٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ٤٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٠٤٦، ٢٠٠٥٥، ٢٠٠٧٣)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١١٢٦، ١١٦٥٥) من طريق بهز بن حكيم به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤١٧٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٩٩٤)، وأحمد (١٦) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.","vol":"21","page":48},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه قال: المُسلِمُ يُطبَعُ على كُلِّ الطَّبيعَةِ غَيرَ الخيانَةِ والكَذِبِ (^١). هذا مَوقوفٌ، وهو الصحيحُ، وقَد رُوِىَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٢٠٨٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ حَفصٍ الوَكيلُ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يُطبَعُ المُؤمِنُ على كُلِّ شَئٍ إلَّا الخيانَةَ والكَذِبَ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4324>باب: مَن جُرِّبَ بشَهادَةِ زورٍ لَم تُقبَلْ شَهادَتُهُ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ أنَسٍ -﵁-، عن أنَسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أكبَرُ الكَبائرِ الإشراكُ باللَّهِ، وقَتلُ النَّفسِ، وعُقوقُ الوالِدَينِ، وقَولُ الزُّورِ. أو قال: شَهادَةُ الزُّورِ\" (^٣). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٤)، ورَواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٩٩٦) من طريق سلمة بن كهيل به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٠٩)، وابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤٤. وأخرجه البزار (١١٣٩)، وأبو يعلى (٧١١) من طريق داود بن رشيد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٥ عن عبد اللَّه بن حفص الوكيل: وهو كذاب.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٥٩٤٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٥٣)، ومسلم (٨٨/ عقب ١٤٤).","vol":"21","page":49},{"text":"عن عمرِو بنِ مَرزوقٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ النُّعمانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ أبى خِداشٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى حُمَيدٍ، عن أبى المَليحِ الهُذَلِىِّ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ إلَى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ -﵄-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال فيه: المُسلِمونَ عُدولٌ بَعضُهُم على بَعضٍ، إلَّا مَجلودٌ فى حَدٍّ، أو مُجَرَّبٌ فى شَهادَةِ زُورٍ، أو ظَنِينٌ فى ولاءٍ أو قَرابَةٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4325>باب: مَن يُظَنُّ به الكَذِبُ ولَه مَخرَجٌ مِنه لَم يَلزَمْه اسمُ كَذَّابٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عُقبَةَ وكانَت مِنَ المُهاجِراتِ الأُوَلِ قالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيسَ بالكاذِبِ مَن أصلَحَ بَينَ النَّاسِ فقالَ خَيرًا أو نَمَى خَيرًا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) البخارى عقب (٦٨٧١).\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٠٦ مطولًا. وتقدم من طريق آخر فى (٢٠٥٦٧). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٥: عبيد اللَّه هالك.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (١٣١)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠١٩٦)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧٢٧٣، ٢٧٢٧٩)، وأبو داود (٤٩٢٠). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٣٨) من طريق معمر به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩١٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٧٣٣) من طريق الزهرى به.","vol":"21","page":50},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن صالِحِ بنِ كَيسانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن حُمَيدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ أخبَرَه أن أُمَّه أُمَّ كُلثومٍ بنتَ عُقبَةَ أخبَرَته أنَّها سَمِعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقُولُ: \"لَيسَ الكَذَّابُ الّذِى يُصلِحُ بَينَ النَّاسِ فيَنمِى خَيرًا أو يقولُ خَيرًا\". وقالَت: لَم أسمَعْه يُرَخِّصُ فى شَئٍ مِمّا يقولُ النّاسُ إلَّا فى ثَلاثٍ؛ فى الحَربِ، والإِصلاحِ بَينَ النّاسِ، وحَديثِ الرَّجُلِ امرأتَه وحَديثِ المَرأةِ زَوجَها. قال: وكانَت أُمُّ كُلثومٍ بنتُ عُقبَةَ مِنَ المُهاجِراتِ اللاتِى بايَعنَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ العَزيزِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ مُختَصرًا، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عمرٍو النّاقِدِ عن يَعقوبَ بتَمامِه (^٣)، وأخرَجَه مِن حَديثِ يونُسَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ إلَى قَولِه: \"ويَنمِى خَيرًا\". ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الباقِىَ مِن قَولِ ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٧١ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٦٠٥/ عقب ١٠١).\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٧٢٧٢). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٦٤٢) من طريق يعقوب بن إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٦٩٢)، ومسلم (٢٦٠٥/ عقب ١٠١).\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٠٥/ ١٠١).","vol":"21","page":51},{"text":"أُمِّ كُلثومٍ بنتِ عُقبَةَ قالَت: ما سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُرَخِّصُ فى شَئٍ مِنَ الكَذِبِ إلَّا فى ثَلاثٍ؛ كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا أعُدُّه كاذِبًا الرَّجُلُ يُصلِحُ بَينَ النّاسِ يقولُ القَولَ لا يُريدُ به إلَّا الإصلاحَ، والرَّجُلُ يقولُ القَولَ فى الحَربِ، والرَّجُلُ يُحَدِّثُ امرأتَه والمَرأةُ تُحَدِّثُ زَوجَها\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُه عن ابنِ الهادِ عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ بنِ (^٢) أبى بكرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٧٢ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَقِيلٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ حَفصٍ قالا: حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ إبراهيمَ خَليلَ الرَّحمَنِ لَم يَكذِبْ قَطُّ إلَّا ثَلاثَ كَذَباتٍ، قَولُه فى آلِهَتِهِم: بَل فعَلَه كَبيرُهُم هَذا. وقَولُه حينَ دَعَوه إلَى أن يُحاجَّ آلِهَتَهُم: إِنِّى سَقيمٌ. وقَولُه لِسارَةَ: أُختِى\" (^٤). هذا حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ قَد أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ ابنِ سيرينَ عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (١٣٢). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٩٢١) من طريق يحيى بن بكير به. وأحمد (٢٧٢٧٥) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩١٢٤) من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٢١) من طريق نافع بن يزيد به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٩٢٤١)، وأبو داود عقب (٢٢١٢)، والترمذى (٣١٦٦) من طريق أبى الزناد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٣٥٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٧١/ ١٥٤).","vol":"21","page":52},{"text":"وقَولُه: بَل فعَلَه كَبيرُهُم هَذا. خَرَجَ مَخرَجَ التَّفريعِ والبَيانِ أن آلِهَتَهُم لا صُنعَ لها، وقَولُه: إِنِّى سَقيمٌ. على مَعنَى أنَّه سَيَسقَمُ. وقَولُه لِسارَةَ: أُختِى. على مَعنَى أُخُوَّةِ الإسلامِ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4326>بابُ مَن وعَدَ غَيرَه شَيئًا ومِن نيَّتِه أن يَفِىَ به ثُمَّ وفَى به أو لَم يَفِ به لِعُذرٍ، ومَن وعَدَ ومِن نيَّتِه ألَّا يَفِىَ بهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ المُقرِئُ ابنُ الحَمَّامِىِّ ببَغدادَ ﵀، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ العَوَقِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن بُدَيلٍ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الحَمْساءِ قال: بايَعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فبَقِيَتْ له بَقيَّةٌ، فوَعَدتُه أن آتِيَه بها فى مَكانِه ذَلِكَ. قال: فنَسِيتُه يَومِى ذاكَ والغَدَ، فأتَيتُه فى اليَومِ الثَّالِثِ وهو فى مَكانِه، فقالَ لِى: \"يا فتَى، لَقَد شَقَقتَ علىَّ، أنا ههنا مِن ثَلاثٍ أنتَظِرُكَ\" (^١). هَكَذا قال عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ عن أبيهِ.\n\n٢٠٨٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ البَصرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ طَهمانَ، عن بُدَيلِ ابنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ أبى الحَمْساءِ قال: بايَعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ببَيعٍ قبلَ أن يُبعَثَ. فذَكَرَ هذا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن قانع فى معجم الصحابة ٢/ ١٢٣ من طريق محمد بن سنان به.","vol":"21","page":53},{"text":"الحديثَ بمَعناه (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ. قال أبو داودَ: قال محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى: هذا عِندَنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَقيقٍ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ أحمدُ ﵀: ورَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ عن محمدِ بنِ سِنانٍ فقالَ: عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الحَمْساءِ أوِ الحَسماءِ (^٣) بالشَّكِّ (^٤).\nورَواه مُعاذُ بنُ هانِئٍ عن إبراهيمَ بنِ طَهمانَ ولَم يَشُكَّ فى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى الحَمساءِ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٨٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بن طَهمانَ، عن على بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبى النُّعمانِ، عن أبى وقّاصٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا وعَدَ الرَّجُلُ أخاه ومِن نيَّتِه أن يَفِىَ له (^٦)، فلَم يَفِ ولَم يَجِئْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (٢١٥٣) من طريق محمد بن سنان به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٩٩٦). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٦٢).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"الحمساء\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البغوى فى معجم الصحابة ٤/ ١٥٢ قبل (١٦٦٦) عن إبراهيم بن هانئ به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البغوى فى معجم الصحابة (١٦٦٦)، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٤١٠٦) من طريق معاذ ابن هانئ به.\n(^٦) فى نسخة المصنف: \"به\".","vol":"21","page":54},{"text":"لِلميعادِ فلا إثمَ عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسٌ الأَسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن مَولًى لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: جاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَيتَنا وأنا صَبِيٌّ صَغيرٌ، فذَهَبتُ ألعَبُ، فقالَت لِى أُمِّى: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، تَعالَ أُعطيكَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أرَدتَ أن تُعطِيهِ؟ (^٢) \". قالَت: أرَدتُ أن أُعطيَه تَمرًا. قال: \"أما إنَّكِ لَو لَم تَفعَلِى لَكُتِبَت عَلَيكِ كَذْبَةً\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ عَجلانَ، عن زيادٍ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عامِرِ بنِ رَبيعَةَ سَمِعَه يقولُ: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- على أُمِّى وأنا غُلامٌ، فأدبَرتُ خارِجًا، فنادَتنِى أُمِّى: يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، تَعالَ هاكَ. فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ماذا تُعطِينَهُ؟ (^٤) \". قالَت: أُعطيه تَمرًا. قال: \"أما إنَّكِ لَو لَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٤١ (٥١٠)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٦٣٣) من طريق أبى عامر به، وقال: غريب، وليس إسناده بالقوى. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٦١).\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف: \"تعطيه\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٠٢)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩١) من طريق الليث بن سعد به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٧٦).\n(^٤) فى نسخة المصنف، س، م: \"تعطيه\".","vol":"21","page":55},{"text":"تَفعَلِى كُتِبَت عَلَيكِ كَذْبَةً\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4327>باب: المَعاريضُ فيها مَندوحَةٌ عن الكَذِبِ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٧٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ محمدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ هو ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ هو التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى عثمانَ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: أمَا فى المَعاريضِ ما يُغنِى الرَّجُلَ عن الكَذِبِ (^٢)؟.\n\n٢٠٨٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ هو ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ الحُصَينِ أنَّه قال: إنَّ فى المَعاريضِ لَمَندوحَةً عن الكَذِبِ (^٣). هذا هو الصحيح مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٢٠٨٨١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ جابِرٍ، حدثنا أبو إبراهيمَ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الزِّبْرِقانِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن زُرارَةَ بنِ أوفَى، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ فى المَعاريضِ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٥١. وأخرجه البغوى فى معجم الصحابة (١٥٧٤)، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٩٨) من طريق سعيد ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٧٩٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٤٩٨)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٨٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٢٩٢٥) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٤٩٩)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٥٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٢٩٢٥)، والطبرانى ١٨/ ١٠٦ (٢٠١) من طريق قتادة به.","vol":"21","page":56},{"text":"لَمَندوحَةً عن الكَذِبِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ الجَعدِ الوَشّاءُ، حدثنا أبو إبراهيمَ التَّرجُمانِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ برَفعِه داودُ بنُ الزِّبرِقانِ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ عن علىٍّ مَرفوعًا (^٣).\n\n٢٠٨٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المَعاريضُ أن يُريدَ الرَّجُلُ أن يَتَكَلَّمَ بالكَلامِ الَّذِى إن صَرَّحَ به كان كَذِبًا، فيُعارِضَه بكَلامٍ آخَرَ يُوافِقُ ذَلِكَ الكَلامَ فى اللَّفظِ، ويُخالِفُه فى المَعنَى، فيَتَوَهَّمَ السَّامِعُ أنَّه أرادَ ذَلِكَ. وقَولُه: مَندوحَةٌ. يَعنِى سَعَةً وفُسحَةً (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وكذا إنَّما يَجوزُ فيما يَرُدُّ به ضَرَرًا ولا يَرجِعُ بالضَّرَرِ على غَيرِه، وأمّا فيما يَضُرُّ غَيرَه فلا.\nفقَد:\n\n٢٠٨٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (٩٩٣)، والقضاعى فى مسند الشهاب (١٠١١) من طريق أبى إبراهيم الترجمانى به.\n(^٢) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤٩، ٣/ ٩٦٣. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٠٧: داود تركه أبو داود.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٤٩.\n(^٤) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٨٧.","vol":"21","page":57},{"text":"أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَيوَةُ بنُ شُرَيحٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ بنُ الوَليدِ، عن ضُبارَةَ بنِ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن سُفيانَ بنِ أَسِيدٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"كَبُرَت خيانَةً أن تُحَدِّثَ أخاكَ حَديثًا هو لَكَ به مُصَدِّقٌ وأنتَ له به كاذِبٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٨٥ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، أنبأنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ هو ابنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا بَقيَّةُ ابنُ الوَليدِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو شُرَيحٍ ضُبارَةُ بنُ مالكٍ الحَضرَمِىُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أباه يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ نُفَيرٍ، أن أباه حَدَّثَه عن سُفيانَ بنِ أَسِيدٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4328>بابُ مَن سَمَّى المَرأةَ قارورَةً، والفَرَسَ بَحرًا على طَريقِ التَّشبيهِ، أو سَمَّى الأعمَى بَصيرًا على طَريقِ التَّفاؤُلِ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ البُنانِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى مَسيرٍ له ونِساؤُه بَينَ يَدَيه، وإِذا حادٍ أو سائقٌ وفِى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ قال: فحَدا\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٩٧١). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٣٩٣)، والبغوى فى معجم الصحابة (١١٢٧) من طريق حيوة بن شريح به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٥٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٣٩١). وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٦٢٣) عن عبد الوهاب ابن نجدة به.","vol":"21","page":58},{"text":"الحادِى- فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ارفُقْ يا أنْجَشَةُ -ويحَكَ- بالقَواريرِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ المَرورُّوذِىُّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن محمدٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: فزعَ النّاسُ، فرَكِبَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فرَسًا لأبِى طَلحَةَ بَطيئًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَركُضُ وحدَه، فرَكِبَ النّاسُ يَركُضونَ خَلفَه، فقالَ: \"لَن تُراعُوا (^٣)، إنَّه لَبَحرٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الفَضلِ بنِ سَهلٍ عن حُسَينِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٨٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: حدثنا أنَسٌ قال: كان فزَعٌ بالمَدينَةِ، فرَكِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فرَسًا لأبِى طَلحَةَ يُقالُ له: مَندوبٌ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن كان مِن فَزَعٍ، وِإنْ وجَدْناه لَبَحْرًا\" (^٦). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٦١) من طريق شعبة به. وابن حبان (٥٨٠٣) من طريق ثابت به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٢٠٩)، ومسلم (٢٣٢٣).\n(^٣) لن تراعُوا: أى لا فزع ولا روع. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٤٢١.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٧٤٧)، وأبو الشيخ فى أمثال الحديث (٢٢٢) من طريق حسين بن محمد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٢٩٦٩).\n(^٦) الطيالسى (٢٠٩١)، ومن طريقه الترمذى (١٦٨٦). وتقدم فى (١١٥٨٣).\n(^٧) البخارى (٢٦٢٧)، ومسلم (٢٣٠٧/ ٤٩).","vol":"21","page":59},{"text":"٢٠٨٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن جابِرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"انطَلِقوا بنا إلَى البَصيرِ الَّذِى فى بَنِى واقِفٍ نَعودُه\". وَكانَ رَجُلًا أعمَى (^١). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٢٠٨٩٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى أبو يَحيَى النَّاقِدُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ يونُسَ الجمَّالُ (^٢)، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ ابنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ، عن أبيه قال: كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ لأصحابِه: \"اذهَبوا بنا إلَى بَنِى واقِفٍ نَزورُ البَصيرَ\". قال سفيانُ: وهُم حَىٌّ مِنَ الأنصارِ، وكانَ مَحجوبَ البَصَرِ (^٣). كَذا أتَى به مَوصولًا، والصحيحُ: عن سُفيانَ عن عمرٍو عن محمدِ بنِ جُبَيرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ النُّعمانِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ البَختَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٩١٩٦). وأخرجه البزار (١٩١٩ - كشف)، وابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٣٩١) من طريق الحسين بن على به.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"الحمال\" بالحاء المهملة. وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٧/ ٨١.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٩١٩٤). وأخرجه الطبرانى (١٥٣٤) من طريق محمد بن يونس الجمال به. والبزار (٣٤٢٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٣٥٦) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن وهب فى جامعه (٢٤٨)، والبزار (٣٤٢٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.","vol":"21","page":60},{"text":"الغُبَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الجَعدِ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال لِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا بُنَىَّ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبَيدٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4329>باب: لا تُقبَلُ شَهادَةُ خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا ذِى غِمْرٍ (^٣) على أخيه، ولا ظَنينٍ (^٤) ولا خَصْمٍ</span>\n\n٢٠٨٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو صادِقٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٥) العَطَّارُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا (^٦) محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- رَدَّ شَهادَةَ الخائنِ والخائنَةِ وذِى الغِمْرِ على أخيه، ورَدَّ شَهادَةَ القانِعِ لأهلِ البَيتِ، يَعنِى التَّابِعَ، وأجازَها على غَيرِهِم (^٧).\n\n٢٠٨٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ راشِدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، إلَّا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٠٣٨)، وأبو داود (٤٩٦٤) من طريق أبى عوانة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢١٥١/ ٣١).\n(^٣) الغِمْر: الشحناء والعداوة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ١٥٤.\n(^٤) الظنين: المتهم فى دينه. غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٥٧.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٦) ليس فى: م. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦٢٠، ٥٢٩، ١٢٦٣٣).\n(^٧) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٢٩٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٠٢) من طريق أبى النضر به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٣ من طريق محمد بن راشد به.","vol":"21","page":61},{"text":"أنَّه قال: وأجازَها لِغَيرِهِم. ولَم يَقُلْ: يَعنِى التّابِعَ (^١).\n\n٢٠٨٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّه الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُعافَى الصَّيداوِىُّ بصَيْداءَ (^٢)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عثمانَ الحِمْصىَّ (^٣)، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خَلَفِ بنِ طارِقٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عُبَيدٍ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى بإِسنادِه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا زانٍ ولا زانيَةٍ، ولا ذِى غِمْرٍ على أخيه\". زادَ أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ فى رِوايَتِه: \"فى الإسلامِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٨٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن الزَّنْجِىِّ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ العَلاءَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَذكُرُ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٥٣)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠٠). وأخرجه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٥١١) من طريق محمد بن بكر به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٦٧).\n(^٢) صيداء: بالمد مدينة على ساحل بحر الشام من أعمال دمشق شرقى صور. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ٤٣٩، ٤٤٠.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"الحضرمى\". وينظر الأنساب ٢/ ٢٦٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٣١/ ٤٥٩.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٢٩٥)، وأبو داود (٣٦٠١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٣٦٤) -ومن طريقه أحمد (٦٨٩٩) - عن محمد بن راشد به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٦٠٢، ٢٠٦٠٣).","vol":"21","page":62},{"text":"\"لا تَجوزُ شهادَةُ ذِى الخُلَّةِ، ولا ذِى الجِنَّةِ، ولا ذِى الحِنَةِ المَحقودِ\" (^١). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٢٠٨٩٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: لا تَجوزُ شهادَةُ ذِى الحِنَةِ والظِّنَّةِ\" (^٢). الظِّنَّةُ أحفَظُ مِنَ الخُلَّةِ.\nوأصَحُّ ما رُوِىَ فى هذا البابِ وإِن كان مُرسَلًا ما:\n\n٢٠٨٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَدِّى أبو محمدٍ يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣) الأعرَجِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ ذِى الظِّنَّةِ [والجِنَّةِ والحِنَةِ] (^٤) \". الجِنَّةُ: الجُنونُ، والحِنَةُ: الَّذِى يَكونَ بينكَ (^٥) وبَينَه عَداوَةٌ. لا أدرِى هذا التَّفسيرُ مِن قَولِ مَن مِن هَؤُلاءِ الرُّواةِ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلٍ فى الخَصْمِ والظَّنينِ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٤/ ٩٩ من طريق مسلم بن خالد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو بكر الشافعى فى الغيلانيات (٥٩٩) من طريق عبد الصمد دون ذكر أبى هريرة.\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"أنبانا\".\n(^٤) فى نسخة المصنف: \"الحنة والجنة\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٥٢). وأخرجه مسلم فى المنفردات والوحدان (١١٢٩) من طريق القعنبى به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٥٨٣) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به. بلفظ: \"قضى رسول اللَّه ﷺ. . . \".\n(^٥) فى م: \"بينكم\".","vol":"21","page":63},{"text":"٢٠٨٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ مُهاجِرٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَوفٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ مُناديًا حَتَّى انتَهَى إلَى الثَّنِيَّةِ: \"إنَّه لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خَصْمٍ ولا ظَنينٍ، واليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^١).\nأخرَجَه أبو داودَ مَعَ حَديثِ الأعرَجِ فى \"المراسيل\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٨٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ قال: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ خَصْمٍ ولا ظَنينٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4330>بابُ مَن قال: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الوالِدِ لِوَلَدِه والوَلَدِ لِوالِدَيه</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّه مِن آبائِه، فإِنَّما يَشهَدُ لِشَئٍ هو مِنه، وإِنَّ بَنيه هُم مِنه، فكأنَّه شَهِدَ لِبَعضِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٠٩٦) عن حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٢) المراسيل (٣٩٦، ٣٩٧).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٧٢٠.\n(^٤) الأم ٧/ ٤٦.","vol":"21","page":64},{"text":"مَخرَمَةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"فاطِمَةُ بَضعَةٌ مِنِّى؛ مَن آذاها فقَد آذانِى\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى مَعمَرٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأَعرابِىِّ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى سوَيدٍ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: زَعَمَتِ المَرأةُ الصّالِحَةُ خَولَةُ بنتُ حَكيمٍ امرأةُ عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ وهو مُحتَضِنٌ أحَدَ ابنَىِ ابنَتِه وهو يقولُ: \"واللَّهِ إنَّكُم لَتُجَهِّلونَ وتُجَبِّنونَ وتُبَخِّلونَ، وإِنَّكُم لَمِن رَيْحانِ اللَّهِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٠٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بن حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ بُطْحَا، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ عثمانَ بنِ خُثَيمٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى راشِدٍ، عن يَعلَى ابنِ مُنْيَةَ (^٤) الثَّقَفِىِّ قال: جاءَ الحَسَنُ والحُسَينُ يَستَبِقانِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فضَمَّهُما إلَيه ثُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ٤٠٤ (١٠١٢) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٩٥٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٣٧١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧١٤)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٩/ ٩٤).\n(^٣) سعدان بن نصر فى جزئه (٨٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٣١٤)، والترمذى (١٩١٠)، والطبرانى ٢٤/ ٢٣٩ (٦٠٩) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٠: مرسل.\n(^٤) فى س، وحاشية الأصل: \"أمية\".","vol":"21","page":65},{"text":"قال: \"إنَّ الوَلَدَ مَبخَلَةٌ مَجبَنَةٌ مَحْزَنَةٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الرِّباطِىُّ فى رَجَبٍ سنةَ سِتٍّ وسِتِّينَ ومِائَتَينِ قال: قُرِئَ على أبى عُبَيدٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا مَروانُ الفَزارِىُّ، عن شَيخٍ مِن أهلِ الجَزيرَةِ يُقالُ له: يَزيدُ بنُ أبى زيادٍ. عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا تَجوز شَهادَة خائنٍ ولا خائنَةٍ، ولا ذِى غِمْرٍ على أخيه، ولا ظَنينٍ فى ولاءٍ ولا قَرابَةٍ، ولا القانِعِ مَعَ أهلِ البَيتِ لَهم\" (^٢). لَفظُ حَديثٍ علىٍّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ الرِّباطىِّ: \"ولا ظَنينٍ ولا مُتُهَمٍ بقَرابَةٍ\" والأَوَّلُ أصحُّ. يَزيدُ هذا ضَعيفٌ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٠٤ - ورَواه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ أنَّه قال: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ ألا تَجوزَ شَهادَةُ خَصمٍ ولا ظَنينٍ. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ٣/ ١٦٤ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٥٦٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٦٦) من طريق عفان به وليس عندهما: \"محزنة\". وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٠: إسناده قوى.\n(^٢) أخرجه الخطيب فى المتفق والمفترق (١٧٩٢)، والبغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٥١٠) من طريق على بن عبد العزيز به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٦٠٤).\n(^٣) يزيد بن أبى زياد. ويقال: يزيد بن زياد، القرشى الدمشقى. وقيل: إنهما اثنان. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٣٣٤، والجرح والتعديل ٩/ ٢٦٢، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٢/ ١٣٤. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣٦٤: متروك.","vol":"21","page":66},{"text":"إبراهيمُ، عن الحَسَنِ بنِ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٢٠٩٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ هارونَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن اللَّيثِ، عن عُقَيلٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ شِهابٍ عن رَجُلٍ ولِىَ يَتيمًا، هَل تَجوزُ شَهادَتُهُ؟ قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ فى الإسلامِ ألا تَجوزَ شَهادَةُ خَصْمٍ ولا ظَنينٍ، ولا شَهادَةُ خَصْمٍ لِمَن يُخاصِمُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِنَّما يُروَى هذا اللَّفظُ فى القَرابَةِ فى الكِتابِ الَّذِى كَتَبَه عُمَرُ إلَى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ -﵄-، وقَد مَضَى بإِسنادِه (^٢)، وروّينا رَدَّ شَهادَةِ الظَّنينِ مُطلَقًا مِن وجهَينِ مُرسَلَينِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، ومِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مَوصولٍ إلَّا أن فيه ضَعفًا (^٤)، وهو يَقوَى بالمُرسَلَينِ مَعَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4331>بابُ ما جاءَ فى شَهادَةِ الأخِ لأخيهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٩٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أن شُرَيحًا كان يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ الأخِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطابى فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ١٥٠ من طريق عقيل به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٠٥٦٧، ٢٠٨٦٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٠٨٩٧، ٢٠٨٩٨).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٠٨٩٦).","vol":"21","page":67},{"text":"لأخيه إذا كان عَدلًا (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٠٧ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أنَّه أجازَ شَهادَةَ الأخِ لأخيهِ (^٢).\nوروِّينا عن أبى يَحيَى السّاجِىِّ أنَّه رَواه عن ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ وشُرَيحٍ والحَسَنِ والشَّعبِىِّ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، قال: وقالَ الحَسَنُ والزُّهرِىُّ: تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الزَّوجِ والمَرأةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4332>بابُ ما تُرَدُّ به شَهادَةُ أهلِ الأهواءِ</span>\nقال بَعضُ أصحابِنا: هو إظهارُ مَن اْظهَرَ مِنهُم نَفىَ صِفاتِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى التى قَد ورَدَ الكِتابُ بها، ودَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ المُستَفيضَةُ مَعَ إجماعِ سَلَفِ هذه الأُمَّةِ على إثباتِها؛ نَحوَ الكَلامِ والقُدرَةِ والعِلمِ والمَشيئَةِ، وأنَّ الأفعالَ كُلَّها للَّهِ تَعالَى مَخلوقَةٌ، فقَد جاءَتِ الأخبارُ بتَكفيرِ مُنكِريها، وتبَرّأَ سَلَفُ هذه الأُمَّةِ مِن مَذهَبِ أهلِ الأهواءِ فيها.\n\n٢٠٩٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ ابنِ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ إملاءً فى جامِعِ المَنصورِ، حدثنا أبو داودَ سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٠١) من طريق الشعبى به.\n(^٢) ينظر المدونة ١٣/ ١٥٦.\n(^٣) ينظر المدونة ١٣/ ١٥٥.","vol":"21","page":68},{"text":"أبيه، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"القَدَريَّةُ مَجوسُ هذه الأُمَّةِ، إن مَرِضوا فلا تَعودوهُم، وإِن ماتوا فلا تَشهَدوهُم\" (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" هَكَذا (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الطَّبَرانِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عُمَرَ مَولَى غُفْرَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، عن حُذَيفَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ مَجوسًا، وإِنَّ مَجوسَ هذه الأُمَّةِ الَّذينَ يَقولونَ: لا قَدَرَ. فمَن مَرِضَ مِنهُم فلا تَعودوه، ومَن ماتَ مِنهُم فلا تَشهَدوه، وهُم شيعَةُ الدَّجّالِ، وحَقٌّ على اللَّهِ ﷿ أن يُلحِقَهُم به\" (^٣). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن سُفيانَ (^٤).\nوالَّذِى رُوِىَ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ وحُذَيفَةَ (^٥) فى تكفيرِ القَدَريَّةِ نَصًّا، مَوجودٌ دِلالَةً ظاهِرَةً فى الحديث الثّابِتِ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن أبيه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى الإيمانِ، مَعَ تبَرِّى ابنِ عُمَرَ ممَّن نَفَى القَدَرَ:\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٨٥. وأخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى السنة (٣٣٨) من طريق أبى حازم به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١١: منقطع بين أبى حازم وابن عمر.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٦٩١). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٩٢٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٤٥٦) من طريق عمر بن محمد به. والطيالسى (٤٣٥) من طريق عمر مولى غفرة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١١: مولى غفرة ضعيف، وشيخه مجهول.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٤٦٩٢). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠١٠).\n(^٥) بعده فى نسخة المصنف: \"عن النبى ﷺ\".","vol":"21","page":69},{"text":"٢٠٩١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا كَهمَسُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ بُرَيدَةَ يُحَدِّثُ أن يَحيَى بنَ يَعْمَرَ قال: كان أوَّلَ مَن قال فى القَدَرِ فى البَصرَةِ مَعبَدٌ الجُهَنِىُّ، فانطَلَقنا حُجّاجًا أنا وحُمَيدُ ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا قُلنا: لَو لَقِينا بَعضَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسألناه عَمّا يقولُ هَؤُلاءِ القَومُ فى القَدَرِ. قال: فوافَقْنا عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ فى المَسجِدِ، فاكتَنَفتُه (^١) أنا وصاحِبِى، أحَدُنا عن يَمينِه، والآخَرُ عن شِمالِه. قال يَحيَى: فظَنَنتُ أن صاحِبِى يَكِلُ الكَلامَ إلَىَّ، فقُلتُ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، إنَّه ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنا ناسٌ يَقرَءونَ القُرآنَ ويَعرِفونَ (^٢) العِلمَ، يَزعُمونَ أن لا قَدَرَ، وأنَّما الأمرَ أُنُفٌ (^٣). قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: فإِذا لَقِيتُم أولَئكَ فأخبِروهُم أنِّى بَرِئٌ مِنهُم وهمْ (^٤) مِنِّى بُرآءُ، والَّذِى يَحلِفُ به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، لَو أن (^٥) لأحَدِهِم مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فأنفَقَه، ما قَبِلَه اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنه حَتَّى يُؤمِنَ بالقَدَرِ كُلِّه خَيرِه وشَرِّه. ثُمَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ قال: بَيْنا نَحنُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"فأكنفته\".\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". والذى فى المصادر: \"يتقفرون\". أى: يطلبونه ويتبعون أثره. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ١٦٣.\n(^٣) الأمر أنف: أى مستأنف لم يتقدم فيه شئ من قدر أو مشيئة. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٢٠.\n(^٤) فى م: \"أنهم\".\n(^٥) فى نسخة المصنف: \"كان\".","vol":"21","page":70},{"text":"ذاتَ يَومٍ، إذ طَلَعَ رَجُلٌ شَديدُ بَياضِ الثّيابِ، شَديدُ سَوادِ الشَّعَرِ، لا نَرَى (^١) عَلَيه أثَرَ السَّفَرِ، ولا نَعرِفُه، حَتَّى جَلَسَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ فأسنَدَ رُكبَتَه (^٢) إلَى رُكبَتِه (^٢)، ووضَعَ كَفَّيه على فخِذَيه، ثُمَّ قال: يا محمدُ أخبِرْنِى عن الإسلامِ، ما الإسلامُ؟ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الإسلامُ أن تَشهَدَ أن لا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وأنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، وتُقيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وتُؤتِىَ الزَّكاةَ، وتَصومَ رَمَضانَ، وتَحُجَّ البَيتَ إنِ استَطَعتَ السَّبيلَ\". فقالَ الرَّجُلُ: صَدَقتَ. قال عُمَرُ: عَجِبْنا له؛ يَسألُه ويُصَدِّقُه. ثُمَّ قال: يا محمدُ، أخبِرْنِى عن الإيمانِ، ما الإيمانُ؟ فقالَ: \"الإيمانُ أن تُؤمِنَ باللَّهِ، ومَلائكَتِه، وكُتُبِه، ورُسُلِه، واليَومِ الآخِرِ، والقَدَرِ كُلِّه خَيرِه وشَرِّه\". فقالَ: صدَقتَ. فقالَ: أخبِرْنِى عن الإحسَّانِ. فقالَ: \"الإحسانُ أن تَعبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأنَّك تَراه، فإِن لم تكنْ تَراه فإِنَّه يَراكَ\". قال: فحَدِّثْنِى عن السّاعَةِ، مَتَى السّاعَةُ؟ قال: \"ما المَسئولُ (^٣) بأعلمَ بها مِنَ السّائلِ\". قال: فأخبِرْنِى عن أمارَتِها. قال: \"أن تَلِدَ الأمَةُ رَبَّتَها (^٤)، وأن تَرَى الحُفاةَ العُراةَ العالَةَ (^٥)، رِعاءَ الشّاءِ يَتَطاوَلونَ فى البِناءِ\". ثُمَّ انطلَقَ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: فلَبِثْتُ ثَلاثًا، ثُمَّ قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عُمَرُ، ما تَدرِى مَنِ السّائلُ؟ \". قُلتُ: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"ذاكَ جِبريلُ ﵇،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"يرى\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"ركبتيه\".\n(^٣) بعده فى س: \"عنها\".\n(^٤) معناه أن يتسع الإسلام ويكثر السبى ويستولد الناس أمهات الأولاد، فتكون ابنة الرجل من أمته فى معنى السيدة لأمها، إذ كانت مملوكة لأبيها، وملك الأب راجع فى التقدير إلى الولد. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٢١.\n(^٥) العالة: الفقراء، واحدهم عائل. معالم السنن ٤/ ٣٢١.","vol":"21","page":71},{"text":"أتاكُم يُعَلِّمُكُم دينَكُم\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا كَهمَسٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه. أخرَجَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ كَهمَسٍ وغَيرِه (^٢)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\nوشَواهِدُه كَثيرَةٌ مِن حَديثِ علىٍّ وأبِى ذَرٍّ وغَيرِهِما عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ الفَضلِ البَلخِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى عَطاءُ بنُ دينارٍ، حَدَّثَنِى حَكيمُ بنُ شَريكٍ الهُذَلِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ مَيمونٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن رَبيعَةَ الجُرَشِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تُجالِسوا أهلَ القَدَرِ، ولا تُفَاتِحوهُم (^٥) \". أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (١٣٤)، وأبو جعفر الرزاز فى مجموعه (٧٢٧). وتقدم فى (٨٦٨٤، ٨٨٢٦).\n(^٢) مسلم (١/ ٨ - ٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠، ٤٧٧٧)، ومسلم (٩/ ٥، ٦، ١٠/ ٧).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٦٩٨)، والنسائى (٥٠٠٦) من حديث أبى ذر.\n(^٥) لا تفاتحوهم: أى لا تحاكموهم، أى لا ترفعوا الأمر إلى حكامهم. وقيل: لا تبدءوهم بالمجادلة والمناظرة فى الاعتقاديات. وقيل: لا تبدءوهم بالسلام. عون المعبود ٤/ ٣٤٥.","vol":"21","page":72},{"text":"أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن المُقرِئِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا أبو سِنانٍ سعيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ وهبَ بنَ خالِدٍ الحِمصِىَّ يُحَدِّثُنا، عن ابنِ الدَّيلَمِىِّ قال: وقَعَ فى نَفسِى شَئٌ مِنَ القَدَرِ، فأتَيتُ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ فقُلتُ: يا أبا المُنذِرِ، وقَعَ فى نَفسِى شَئٌ مِنَ القَدَرِ خِفتُ أن يَكونَ فيه هَلاكُ دينِى أو (^٢) أمرِى. فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى، إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَو عَذَّبَ أهلَ سَمَواتِه وأهلَ أرضِه لَعَذَّبَهُم وهو غَيرُ ظالِمٍ لَهُم، ولَو رَحِمَهُم لَكانَت رَحمَتُه لَهُم خَيرًا مِنَ أعمالِهِم، ولَو أن لَكَ مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أنفَقتَه فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ما قَبِلَه اللَّهُ مِنكَ حَتَّى تُؤمِنَ بالقَدَرِ، وتَعلَمَ أنَّ ما أصابَكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُخطِئَكَ، وأنَّ ما أخطأكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُصيبَكَ، وأنَّكَ إن مِتَّ على غَيرِ هذا أُدخلْتَ النّارَ، ولا عَلَيكَ أن تأتِىَ أخِى عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فتَسألَه. فأتَيتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَسعودٍ فسألتُه، فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال إسحاقُ: قَصَّ القِصَّةَ كُلَّها كما قال، غَيرَ أنِّى اختَصَرتُه، وقالَ لِى: لا عَلَيكَ أن تأتِىَ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ فتَسألَه. فأتَيتُ حُذَيفَةَ بنَ اليَمانِ فسألتُه، فقالَ لِى مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، وقالَ: ائتِ زَيدَ ابنَ ثابِتٍ فسَلْه. فأتَيتُ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ فسألتُه، فقالَ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n= والحديث عند الحاكم ١/ ٨٥. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٧٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٢: حكيم لا يعرف.\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٧١٠)، وأحمد (٢٠٦). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠١٢).\n(^٢) فى م: \"و\".","vol":"21","page":73},{"text":"يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَو عَذَّبَ أهلَ سَمَواتِه وأهلَ أرضِه لَعَذَّبَهُم وهو غَيرُ ظالِمٍ لَهم، ولَو رَحِمَهُم كانَت رَحمَتُه خَيرًا لَهم مِن أعمالِهِم، ولَو أنَّ لَكَ مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أنفَقتَه فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ما قَبِلَه اللَّهُ مِنكَ حَتَّى تُؤمِنَ بالقَدَرِ، وتَعلَمَ أن ما أصابَكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُخطِئَكَ، وأنَّ ما أخطأكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُصيبَكَ، وأنَّه إن ماتَ على غَيرِ هذا دَخَلَ النّارَ\" (^١).\nأخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن أبِى سِنانٍ (^٢).\nورُوِّينا فى ذَلِكَ عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ وعُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ وسَلمانَ الفارِسِىِّ وغَيرِهِم -﵃-.\n\n٢٠٩١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\"، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ مُسافِرٍ الهُذَلىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ حَسَّانَ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ رَباحٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ أبى عَبلَةَ، عن أبى حَفصةَ قال: قال عُبادَةُ بنُ الصّامِتِ لاِبنِه: يا بُنَىَّ، إنَّكَ لَن تَجِدَ طَعمَ حَقيقَةِ الإيمانِ حَتَّى تَعلَمَ أنَّ ما أصابَكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُخطِئَكَ، وما أخطأكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُصيبَكَ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ أوَّلَ ما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ القَلَمُ، فقالَ له: اكتُبْ. قال: رَبِّ وماذا أكتُبُ؟ قال: اكتُبْ مَقاديرَ كُلَّ شَئٍ حَتَّى تَقومَ السّاعَةُ\". يا بُنَىَّ، إنِّى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٤١٣). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٧٧) من طريق إسحاق بن سليمان به. وأحمد (٢١٥٨٩)، وابن حبان (٧٢٧) من طريق أبى سنان سعيد بن سنان به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٢: إسناده صالح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٦٩٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٩٣٢).","vol":"21","page":74},{"text":"سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن ماتَ على غَيرِ هذا فلَيسَ مِنِّى\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا بِشْرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى الحَجّاجِ الأزدِىِّ، عن سَلمانَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الإيمانِ بالقَدَرِ، قال: تَعلَمُ أنَّ ما أصابَكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُخطِئَكَ، وأنَّ ما أخطأكَ لَم يَكُنْ ليُصيبَكَ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا بِشْرُ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرئُ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن الهَيثَمِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه خَطَبَ النّاسَ على مِنبَرِ الكوفَةِ فقالَ: لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يُؤمِنْ بالقَدَرِ خَيرِه وشَرِّهِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ محمدِ ابنِ حَيّانَ الأنصارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: لا يَجِدُ عبدٌ طَعمَ الإيمانِ حَتَّى يُؤمِنَ بالقَدَرِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٧٠٠). وأخرجه الطبرانى فى مسند الشاميين (٥٩) من طريق جعفر بن مسافر به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٣: أبو حفصة مجهول. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٩٣٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٨٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٢٦٣)، وأبو نعيم فى أخبار أصبهان ١/ ٥٥ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٣٩٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ١/ ٢١٠ من طريق شعبة به. والمزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٤٨ من طريق أبى إسحاق به.","vol":"21","page":75},{"text":"٢٠٩١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: أتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ برَجُلٍ، فقُلتُ: يا ابنَ عباسٍ، هذا يُكَلِّمُكَ فى القَدَرِ. قال: أدنِه مِنِّى. فقُلتُ: هو ذا. [فقال: أدْنِه منِّى. فقلتُ: هوَ ذَا] (^١)، تُريدُ أن تَقتُلَه؟ قال: إى والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَو أدنَيتَه مِنِّى لَوَضَعتُ يَدِى فى عُنُقِه فلَم يُفارِقْنِى حَتَّى أدُقَّها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ (^٣) اللَّهِ ابنُ بَرْهانٍ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ وأبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالوا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ شُجاعٍ الجَزَرِىُّ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ قال: أتَيتُ ابنَ عباسٍ وهو يَنزعُ فى زَمزَمَ قَدِ ابتَلَّت أسافِلُ ثيابِه، فقُلتُ له: قَد تُكُلِّمَ فى القَدَرِ. فقالَ: أوَقَد فعَلوها؟ فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: فواللَّهِ ما نَزَلَت هذه الآيَةُ إلَّا فيهِم: ﴿ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ (٤٨) إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ﴾ [القمر: ٤٨، ٤٩]. أولَئكَ شِرارُ هذه الأُمَّةِ، لا تَعودوا مَرضاهُم، ولا تُصَلّوا على مَوتاهُم، إنْ أرَيتَنِى أحَدًا مِنهُم فقأتُ عَينَيه بإِصبَعَىَّ هاتَينِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن بطة فى الإبانة (١٦١٥) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٣: إسناده صالح.\n(^٣) فى م: \"عبيد\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٣٤٨). وأخرجه ابن بطة فى الإبانة (١٥٥٠) عن إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار به.","vol":"21","page":76},{"text":"٢٠٩٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ ابنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى أيّوبَ، أخبرَنِى أبو صَخرٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كان لابنِ عُمَرَ صَديقٌ مِن أهلِ الشّامِ يُكاتِبُه، فكَتَبَ إلَيه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ: إنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ تَكَلَّمتَ فى شَئٍ مِنَ القَدَرِ، فإيّاكَ أن تَكتُبَ إلَىَّ، فإِنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنه سَيَكونُ فى أُمَّتِى أقوامٌ يُكَذِّبونَ بالقَدَرِ\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّدٍ النَّرسِىُّ قال: قَرأتُ على مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن زيادِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ اليَمانِى أنَّه قال: أدرَكتُ ناسًا مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقولونَ: كُلُّ شَئٍ بقَدَرٍ. قالَ طاوُسٌ: وسَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ شَئٍ بقَدَرٍ حَتَّى العَجزُ والكَيْسُ، أوِ الكَيْسُ والعَجزُ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَمِّه أبى سُهَيلِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٥٤٨، وفى القضاء والقدر (٣٥٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٨٤ وصححه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه أحمد (٥٦٣٩) -ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٦١٣) - عن أبى عبد الرحمن عبد اللَّه بن يزيد به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٥٧).\n(^٢) مالك ٢/ ٨٩٩، ومن طريقه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٧٣).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٥٥/ ١٨).","vol":"21","page":77},{"text":"ابنِ مالكٍ أنَّه قال: كُنتُ أسيرُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ فقالَ: ما رأيُكَ فى هَؤُلاءِ القَدَريَّةِ؟ قال: قُلتُ: أرَى أن تَستَتيبَهُم؟ فإِن قَبِلوا وإِلا عَرَضْتَهُم على السَّيفِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ: ذَلِكَ رأيِى. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أيضًا رأيِى (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعُ بنُ مالكٍ أبو سُهَيلٍ، أن عُمَرَ ابنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال له: ما تَرَى فى الَّذينَ يَقولونَ: لا قَدَرَ؟ قال: أرَى أن يُستَتابوا؛ فإِن تابوا وإِلَّا ضُرِبَت أعناقُهُم. قال عُمَرُ: ذاكَ الرّأىُ فيهِم، لَو لَم تكُنْ إلَّا هذه الآيَةُ الواحِدَةُ كَفَى بها: ﴿فَإِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ (١٦١) مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ (١٦٢) إِلَّا مَنْ هُوَ صَالِ الْجَحِيمِ﴾ (^٢) [الصافات: ١٦١ - ١٦٣].\n\n٢٠٩٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ دارِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَمّاطُ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ الأشَجُّ، حدثنا الحَكَمُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الكِندِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ وسُئلَ عن القَدَريَّةِ فقالَ: لا تُجالِسوهُم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٠٠، ومن طريقه ابن بطة فى الإبانة (١٨٣٤).\n(^٢) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٢٨٦). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٥/ ٣٨٤ من طريق أبى سهيل نافع بن مالك به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٤٩٢). وأخرجه ابن بطة فى الإبانة (٢٠٠٤) من طريق أبى سعيد الأشج به.","vol":"21","page":78},{"text":"٢٠٩٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ حَليمٍ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه القاضِى بمَروَ قال: سُئلَ أبى وأنا أسمَعُ عن القُرآنِ فقالَ: القُرآنُ كَلامُ اللَّهِ وعِلمُه ووَحيُه، لَيسَ بمَخلوقٍ.\nولَقَد ذَكَرَ سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: أدرَكتُ مَشيَخَتَنا مُنذُ سبعينَ سنةً (ح).\n\n٢٠٩٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبْدوسٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسحاقَ بنَ إبراهيمَ الحَنظَلِىَّ يقولُ: قال سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ: عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ قال: أدرَكتُ النّاسَ مُنذُ سبعينَ سنةً يَقولونَ: اللَّهُ الخالِقُ وما سِواه مَخلوقٌ، والقُرآنُ كَلامُ اللَّهِ ﷿. قال أبو الحَسَنِ: قال أبى: وقَد أدرَكَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ أجِلَّةَ أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنَ البَدريّينَ والمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ؛ مِثلَ جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، وأبِى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، وأجِلَّةِ التّابِعينَ، وعَلَى هذا مَضَى صدرُ هذه الأُمَّةِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِاللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدَةَ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا أبو رَجاءٍ قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ -قال:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٣٢).","vol":"21","page":79},{"text":"هو بَغدادِىٌّ ثِقَةٌ- حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبِ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: شَهِدتُ خالِدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ القَسْرِىَّ وقَد خَطَبَهُم فى يَومِ أضحًى بواسِطٍ فقالَ: ارجِعوا أيُّها الناسُ فضَحُّوا تَقبَلَّ اللَّهُ مِنكُم، فإِنِّى مُضَحٍّ بالجَعدِ بنِ دِرهَمٍ؛ فإِنَّه زَعَمَ أنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَتَّخِذْ إبراهيمَ خَليلًا، ولَم يُكَلِّمْ موسَى تكليمًا، سُبحانَه وتَعالَى عَمّا يقولُ الجَعدُ بنُ دِرهَمٍ. قال: ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فذَبَحَه. قال أبو رَجاءٍ: وكانَ الجَهمُ أخَذَ هذا الكَلامَ مِنَ الجَعدِ بنِ دِرهَمٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عبدانَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسْنونٌ (^٢) البَنّاءُ الكوفِىُّ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ خالِدٍ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ قال: سألتُ جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدٍ عن القُرآنِ فقالَ: كَلامُ اللَّهِ. قُلتُ: فمَخلوفٌ؟ قال: لا. قُلتُ: فما تَقولُ فيمَن زَعَمَ أنَّه مَخلوقٌ؟ قال: يُقتَلُ ولا يُستَتابُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرسوسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ المُقرِئُ قال: كُنتُ عِندَ مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ فجاءَه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ما تَقولُ فيمَن يقولُ: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ؟ قال: عِندِى كافِرٌ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٦٣). وأخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٦٤، والمزى فى تهذيب الكمال ٨/ ١١٨ من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٢) كذا ضبطها فى الأصل.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٣٥). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٥: هما -يعنى إبراهيم بن خالد، وقيس بن الربيع- ضعيفان.","vol":"21","page":80},{"text":"فاقتُلوه. وقالَ يَحيَى بنُ خَلَفٍ: فسألتُ اللَّيثَ بنَ سَعدٍ وابنَ لَهيعَةَ عَمَّن قال: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ. فقالا: كافِرٌ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنَ محمدٍ العَنبَرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عِمرانَ بنَ موسَى الجُرجانِىَّ بنَيسابورَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سوَيدَ بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ مالكَ بنَ أنَسٍ، وحَمّادَ بنَ زَيدٍ، وسُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ، والفُضَيلَ بنَ عياضٍ، وشَريكَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ، ويَحيَى بنَ سُلَيمٍ، ومُسلِمَ بنَ خالِدٍ، وهِشامَ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَخزومِىَّ، وجَريرَ بنَ عبدِ الحَميدِ، وعَلِىَّ بنَ مُسْهِرٍ، وعَبدَةَ، وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ إدريسَ، وحَفصَ بنَ غِياثٍ، ووَكيعًا، ومُحَمَّدَ بنَ فُضَيلٍ، وعَبدَ الرَّحيمِ بنَ سُلَيمانَ، وعَبدَ العَزيزِ ابنَ أبى حازِمٍ، والدَّراوَردِىَّ، وإِسماعيلَ بنَ جَعفَرٍ، وحاتِمَ بنَ إسماعيلَ، وعَبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ يَزيدَ المُقرِئَ، وجَميعَ مَن حَمَلتُ عَنهُمُ العِلمَ يَقولونَ: الإيمانُ قَولٌ وعَمَلٌ، ويَزيدُ ويَنقُصُ، والقُرآنُ كَلامُ اللَّهِ مِن صفَةِ ذاتِه، غَيرُ مَخلوفٍ، ومَن قال: إنَّه مَخلوقٌ. فهو كافِرٌ باللَّهِ العَظيمِ (^٢).\nورُوّيناه عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُبارَكِ، ويَزيدَ بنِ هارونَ، وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ، ويَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىِّ، ومُسلِمِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ، وأبِى عُبَيدٍ القاسِمِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ، وغَيرِهِم مِن أئمَّتِنا ﵏ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٤٠). وأخرجه ابن حبان فى الثقات ٩/ ٢٥٨، والبغوى فى شرح السنة ١/ ١٨٧ من طريق يحيى بن خلف المقرئ به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٥: يحيى واه.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٤٢).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٤٣، ٥٤٥، ٥٥٩ - ٥٦٢) عنهم غير مسلم.","vol":"21","page":81},{"text":"٢٠٩٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إشكيبٍ (^١) قال: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا يوسُفَ يقول بخُراسانَ: صِنفانِ ما على الأرضِ أبغَضُ إلَىَّ مِنهُما؛ المُقاتِليَّةُ (^٢) والجَهميَّةُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا حَبيب محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ بنِ موسَى المَصاحِفِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أيّوبَ بنَ الحَسَنِ الفقيهَ يقولُ: كان محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ الجَهميَّةِ.\n\n٢٠٩٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ محمدِ بنِ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ ابنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ يقولُ: لمَّا كَلَّمَ الشّافِعِىُّ حَفصًا الفَردَ فقالَ حَفصٌ: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ. قال له الشافِعِىُّ: كَفَرتَ باللَّهِ العَظيمِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"إشكاب\". وينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٦٨٢، ١٤٣٢٢، ١٧٤٣٢، ٢٠٥٦٤، ٢٠٧٠٥).\n(^٢) المقاتلية: نسبة إلى مقاتل بن سليمان البلخى قال فيه ابن حبان: كان يأخذ عن اليهود والنصارى عم القرآن الذى يوافق كتبهم، وكان شَبَهيًّا يشبِّه الرب بالمخلوقين، وكان يكذب مع ذلك فى الحديث. وقال أبو حنيفة: أفرط مقاتل فى الإثبات حتى جعله مثل خلقه. ينظر المجروحين لابن حبان ٣/ ١٤، وميزان الاعتدال ٤/ ١٧٣.\n(^٣) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ١٣/ ١٦٤، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٠/ ١٢٢، ١٢٣ عن أبى سعيد ابن أبى عمرو به. وعبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى السنة ١/ ١٠٨ (١٤) عن محمد بن إشكاب به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٥٤)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥١/ ٣١٢. وذكره البغوى فى شرح السنة ١/ ١٨٧ عن محمد بن إسحاق به. وتقدم فى (١٩٩٣٢).","vol":"21","page":82},{"text":"٢٠٩٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ أبى نَصرٍ العَدلُ، حَدَّثَنِى حَمِكُ (^١) بنُ عمرٍو العَدلُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ فُورِشَ، عن على بنِ سَهلٍ الرَّملِىِّ أنَّه قال: سألتُ الشّافِعِىُّ عن القُرآنِ، فقالَ لِى: كَلامُ اللَّهِ، غَيرُ مَخلوقٍ. قُلتُ: فمَن قال بالمَخلوقِ فما هو عِندَكَ؟ قال: كافِرٌ. فقُلتُ لِلشّافِعِىِّ ﵀: مَن لَقِيتَ مِن أُستاذِيكَ قالوا ما قُلتَ؟ قال: ما لَقِيتُ أحَدًا مِنهُم إلَّا قال: مَن قال فى القُرآنِ: مَخلوقٌ. فهو كافِرٌ عِندَهُم (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَيّانَ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادٍ، أنبأنا أبو يَحيَى السّاجِىُّ أو فيما أجازَ لِى مُشافَهَةً، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ قال: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: لأن يَلقَى اللَّهَ العَبدُ بكُل ذَنبٍ ما خَلا الشِّركَ باللَّهِ خَيرٌ مِن أن يَلقاه بشَئٍ مِن هذه الأهواءِ. وذَلِكَ أنَّه رأى قَومًا يَتَجادَلونَ فى القَدَرِ بَينَ يَدَيه، فقالَ الشّافِعِىُّ: فى كِتابِ اللَّه المَشيئَةُ له دونَ خَلقِه، والمَشيئَةُ إرادَةُ اللَّهِ؛ يقولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ﴾ [الإنسان: ٣٠، التكوير: ٢٩] فأعلَمَ خَلقَه أن المَشيئَةَ له. وكانَ يُثبِتُ القَدَرَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"حمل\". والضبط من نسخة الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٨٠١)، وفى الأسماء والصفات (٥٥٥)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥١/ ٣١٣. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢١٦: ابن فورش لا أعرفه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٥٠٧)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥١/ ٣١٠. وأخرجه ابن بطة فى الإبانة (١٨٨١)، وأبو نعيم فى الحلية ٩/ ١١٢ من طريق أبى يحيى الساجى به.","vol":"21","page":83},{"text":"٢٠٩٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى الزُّبَيرُ بنُ عبدِ الواحِدِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى حَمزَةُ بنُ على العَطارُ بمِصرَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سُئلَ الشّافِعِىُّ عن القَدَرِ، فأنشأَ يقولُ:\nما شِئتَ كان وإِن لَم أَشَأْ ... وما شِئتُ إن لَم تَشَأْ لَم يَكُنْ\nخَلَقتَ العِبادَ على ما عَلِمتَ ... ففِى العِلمِ يَجرِى الفَتَى والمُسِنْ\nعلى ذا مَنَنتَ وهَذا خَذَلتَ ... وهَذا أعَنتَ وذا (^١) لَم تُعِنْ\nفمِنهُم شَقِىٌّ ومِنهُم سعيدٌ ... ومِنهُم قَبيحٌ ومِنهُم حَسَنْ (^١)\n\n٢٠٩٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا أحمدَ الحُسَينَ بنَ على يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرِ ابنَ إسحاقَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ البوَيطِىَّ يقولُ: مَن قال: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ. فهو كافِرٌ؛ قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ﴾ [النحل: ٤٠]. فأخبَرَ اللَّهُ أنَّه يَخلُقُ الخَلقَ بـ ﴿كُنْ﴾، فمَن زَعَمَ أنَّ ﴿كُنْ﴾ مَخلوقٌ، فقَد زَعَمَ أن اللَّهَ يَخلُقُ الخَلقَ بخَلقٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: سَمِعنا أبا محمدٍ جَعفَرَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا زَكَريّا يَحيَى ابنَ زَكَريّا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ المُزَنِىَّ يقولُ: القُرآنُ كَلامُ اللَّهِ غَيرُ مَخلوقٍ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٣٧٦)، والقضاء والقدر (٥٠٨)، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥١/ ٣١٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٥٦). وذكر ابن حجر فى الفتح ١٣/ ٤٤٣ عن الربيع بن سليمان عن البويطى.","vol":"21","page":84},{"text":"٢٠٩٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ المُزَنِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يوسُفَ بنَ موسَى المَرْوَرُّوذِىَّ سنةَ خَمسٍ وتِسعينَ ومِائَتَينِ يقولُ: كُنّا عِندَ أبى إبراهيمَ المُزَنِىِّ بمِصرَ جَماعَةٌ مِن أهلِ خُراسانَ، وكُنّا نَجتَمِعُ عِندَه باللَّيلِ فيُلقِى (^١) المَسألَةَ فيما بَينَنا ويَقومُ لِلصَّلاةِ، فإِذا سَلَّمَ التَفَتَ إلَينا فيَقولُ: أرأيتُم لَو قيلَ لَكُم كَذا وكَذا، بماذا تُجيبونَهُم؟ ويَعودُ إلَى صَلاتِه، فقُمنا لَيلَةً مِنَ اللَّيالِى فتَقَدَّمتُ أنا وأصحابٌ لَنا إلَيه، فقُلنا: نَحنُ قَومٌ مِن أهلِ خُراسانَ، وقَد نَشأ عِندَنا قَومٌ يَقولونَ: القُرآنُ مَخلوقٌ. ولَسنا ممَّن يَخوضُ فى الكَلامِ، فَلَا نَستَفتيكَ فى هذه المَسألَةِ إلَّا لِدينِنا ولمن عِندَنا؛ لِنُخبِرَهُم عَنكَ بما تُجيبُنا فيه. فقالَ: القُرآنُ كَلامُ اللَّهِ غَيرُ مَخلوقٍ، ومَن قال: إنَّ القُرآنَ مَخلوقٌ. فهو كافِرٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فهَذا مَذهَبُ أئمَّتِنا -﵃- فى هَؤُلاءِ المُبتَدِعَةِ، الَّذينَ حُرِموا التَّوفيقَ وتَرَكوا ظاهِرَ الكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ بآرائهِم المُزَخرَفَةِ، وتأويلاتِهِمُ المُستَنكَرَةِ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٠ - وقَد سَمِعتُ أبا حازِمٍ عُمَرَ بنَ أحمدَ العَبدُوِىَّ الحافظَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ زاهِرَ بنَ أحمدَ السَّرَخْسِىَّ يقولُ: لما قَرُبَ حُضورُ أجَلِ أبى الحَسَنِ الأشعَرِىِّ ﵀ فى دارِى ببَغدادَ دَعانِى فقالَ: اشْهَدْ علىَّ أنِّى لا أُكَفِّرُ أحَدًا مِن أهلِ هذه القِبلَةِ؛ لأنَّ الكُلَّ يُشيرونَ إلَى مَعبودٍ واحِدٍ، وإِنَّما هذا\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فنلقى\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (٥٥٧) مختصرًا.","vol":"21","page":85},{"text":"اختِلافُ العِباراتِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ رَجمَه اللَّهُ: فمَن ذَهَبَ إلَى هذا زَعَمَ أنَّ هذا أيضًا مَذهَبُ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀؛ ألا تَراه قال فى كِتابِ أدَبِ القاضِى: ذَهَبَ الناسُ مِن تأوُّلِ القُرآنِ والأحاديثِ والقياسِ، أو مَن ذَهَبَ مِنهُم، إلَى أُمورٍ اختَلَفوا فيها فتَبايَنوا فيها تَبايُنًا شَديدًا، واستَحَلَّ فيها بَعضُهُم مِن بَعضٍ بَعضَ ما تَطولُ حِكايَتُه، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُتَقادِمٌ؛ مِنه ما كان فى عَهدِ السَّلَفِ وبَعدَهُم إلَى اليَومِ، فلَم نَعلَمْ أحَدًا مِن سَلَفِ هذه الأُمَّةِ يُقتَدَى به، ولا مِنَ التّابِعينَ بَعدَهُم، رَدَّ شَهادَةَ أحَدٍ بتأويلٍ وإِن خَطَأه وضَفَلَه. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: وشَهادَةُ مَن يَرَى الكَذِبَ شِركًا باللَّهِ أو مَعصيَةً له يوجِبُ عَلَيها النّارَ، أولَى أن تَطيبَ النَفسُ عَلَيها مِن شَهادَةِ مَن يُخَفِّفُ المأثَمَ فيها (^٢).\nقالوا: والَّذِى رُوِّينا عن الشّافِعِىِّ وغَيرِه مِنَ الأئمَّةِ مِن تكفيرِ هَؤُلاءِ المُبتَدِعَةِ فإِنَّما أرادوا به كُفرًا دونَ كُفرٍ، وهو كما قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٤]. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: إنَّه لَيسَ بالكُفرِ الَّذِى تَذهَبونَ إلَيه؛ إنَّه لَيسَ بكُفرٍ يَنقُلُ عن مِلَّةٍ، ولَكِنْ كُفرٌ دونَ كُفرٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فكأنَّهُم أرادوا بتَكفيرِهِم ما ذَهَبوا إلَيه مِن نَفى هذه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة ٧/ ٤٣٠.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٥، ٢٠٦.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٥٩٥١).","vol":"21","page":86},{"text":"الصِّفاتِ التى أثبَتَها اللَّهُ تَعالَى لِنَفسِه، وجُحودِهِم لها بتأويلٍ بَعيدٍ مَعَ اعتِقادِهِم إثباتَ ما أثبَتَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى، فعَدَلوا عن الظّاهِرِ بتأويلٍ، فلَم يَخرُجوا به عن المِلَّةِ، وإِنْ كان التَّأويلُ خَطأً، كما لَم يَخرُجْ مَن أنكَرَ إثباتَ المُعَوِّذَتَينِ فى المَصاحِفِ كَسائرِ السّوَرِ مِنَ المِلَّةِ؛ لما ذَهَبَ إلَيه مِنَ الشُّبهَةِ، وإِن كانَت عِندَ غَيرِه خَطأً، والَّذِى رُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِن قَولِه: \"القَدَريَّةُ مَجوسُ هذه الأُمَّةِ\" (^١) فإنَّما سَمّاهُم مَجوسًا لمضاهاةِ بَعضِ ما يَذهَبونَ إلَيه مَذاهِبَ المَجوسِ فى قَولِهِم بالأصلَينِ؛ وهُما النّورُ والظُّلمَةُ، يَزعُمونَ أن الخَيرَ مِن فِعلِ النّورِ، وأنَّ الشَّرَّ مِن فِعلِ الظُّلمَةِ، فصاروا ثَنَويَّةً، كَذَلِكَ القَدَريَّةُ يُضيفونَ الخَيرَ إلَى اللَّهِ والشَّرَّ إلَى غَيرِه، واللَّهُ تَعالَى خالِقُ الخَيرِ والشَّرِّ، والأمرانِ مَعًا مُضَافانِ (^٢) إلَيه خَلقًا وإيجادًا، وإِلَى الفاعِلينَ لَهُما مِن عِبادِه فِعلًا واكتِسابًا. هذا قَولُ أبى سُلَيمانَ الخَطابِىِّ ﵀ على الخَبَرِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٤١ - وقالَ أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصِّبْغِىُّ فيما أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ عنه، فى الدَّليلِ على أن القَدَريَّةَ مَجوسُ هذه الأُمَّةِ: إن المَجوسَ قالَت: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ بَعضَ هذه الأعراضِ دونَ بَعضٍ؛ خَلَقَ النّورَ ولَم يَخلُقِ الظُّلمَةَ. وقالَتِ القَدَريَّةُ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ بَعضَ الأعراضِ دونَ بَعضٍ؛ خَلَقَ صَوتَ الرَّعدِ ولَم يَخلُقْ صَوتَ المِقدَحِ (^٤). وقالَتِ المَجوسُ: إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢٠٩٠٨).\n(^٢) فى م: \"منضافان\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"الخير\". وينظر كلام الخطابى فى معالم السنن ٤/ ٣١٧.\n(^٤) المقدح: حديدة الزند يقدح بها. ينظر التاج ٧/ ٣٩ (ق د ح).","vol":"21","page":87},{"text":"يَخلُقِ الجَهلَ والنِّسيانَ. وقالَتِ القَدَريَّةُ: إنَّ اللَّهَ لَم يَخلُق الحِفظَ والعِلمَ والعَمَلَ. وقالَتِ المَجوسُ: إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُضِلُّ أحَدًا. وقالَتِ القَدَريَّةُ مِثلَه. وقَد قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ [الرعد: ٢٧]، [النحل: ٩٣]، [فاطر: ٨]. وقالَ: ﴿يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُغْوِيَكُمْ﴾ [هود: ٣٤].\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وإِنَّما سَمّاهُم مَجوسًا لهَذِه المَعانِى أو بَعضِها، وأضافَهُم مَعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى الأُمَّةِ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٢ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو على الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\"، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ بَقيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"افتَرَقَتِ اليَهودُ على إحدَى أو ثِنْتَينِ وسَبعينَ فِرقَةً، وتَفَرَّقَتِ النَّصارَى على إحدَى أو ثِنتَينِ وسَبعينَ فِرقَةً، وتَفتَرِقُ أُمَّتِى على ثَلاثٍ وسَبعينَ فِرقَةً\" (^١).\nقال أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطَابِىُّ ﵀ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: قَولُه: \"سَتَفتَرِقُ أُمَّتِى على ثَلاثٍ وسَبعينَ فِرقَةً\". فيه دِلالَة على أنَّ هذه الفِرَقَ كُلَّها غَيرُ خارِجينَ مِنَ الدّينِ؛ إذِ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- جَعَلَهُم كُلَّهُم مِن أُمَّتِه، وفيه أنَّ المُتأوِّلَ لا يَخرُجُ مِنَ الملَّةِ وإِنْ أخطأ فى تأويلِه (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٥٩٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٣٩٦)، والترمذى (٢٦٤٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٩٩١)، وابن حبان (٦٢٤٧، ٦٧٣١) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٤٢): حسن صحيح.\n(^٢) معالم السنن ٤/ ٢٩٥.","vol":"21","page":88},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ومَن كَفَّرَ مُسلِمًا على الإطلاقِ بتأويلٍ لَم يَخرُجْ بتَكفيرِه إيَّاه بالتّأويلِ عن المِلَّةِ؛ فقَد مَضى فى كِتابِ الصَّلاةِ فى حَديثِ جابِرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، فى قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِى خَرَجَ مِنَ صَلاةِ مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعاذًا فقالَ: مُنافِق. ثُمَّ إنَّ الرَّجُلَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لَم يَزِدْ مُعاذًا على أنْ أمَرَه بتَخفيفِ الصَّلاةِ، وقالَ: \"أفَتّانٌ أنتَ؟ \". لِتَطويلِه الصَّلاةَ (^١)، ورُوِّينا فى قِصَّةِ حاطِبِ بنِ أبى بَلتَعَةَ حَيثُ كَتَبَ إلَى قُرَيشٍ بمَسيرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَيهِم عامَ الفَتحِ، أن عُمَرَ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، دَعْنِى أضرِبْ عُنُقَ هذا المُنافِقِ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّه قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا\" (^٢). وَلَم يُنكِرُ على عُمَرَ تَسميَتَه بذَلِكَ؛ إذ كان ما فعَلَ عَلامَةً ظاهِرَةً على النِّفاقِ، وإِنَّما يَكفُرُ مَن كَفَّرَ مُسلِمًا بغَيرِ تاويلٍ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٌ قال لأخيه: كافِرٌ. فقَد باءَ به أحَدُهُما\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ عن مالكٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن حَديثِ إسماعيلَ بنِ جَعفَرٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٥١٦٥، ٥٣١٦، ٥٣٣٦ - ٥٣٣٨).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٤٧٨).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٩٨٤، ومن طريقه أحمد (٥٩٣٣)، والترمذى (٢٦٣٧)، وابن حبان (٢٤٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٦١٠٤)، ومسلم (٦٠/ عقب ١١١).","vol":"21","page":89},{"text":"فعَلَى هذه الطَّريقَةِ شَهادَةُ أهلِ الأهواءِ إذا كان لَهُم تأويلٌ تَكونُ ماضيَةً.\n\n٢٠٩٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا جَعفَرٍ محمدَ بنَ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عمرٍو المُستَملِىَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ مَنصورٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يقولُ: يُكتَبُ العِلمُ عن أصحابِ الأهواءِ، وتَجوزُ شَهاداتُهُم، ما لَم يَدْعُوا إلَيه، فإِذا دَعَوْا إلَيه لَم يُكتَبْ عَنهُم ولَم تَجُزْ شَهاداتُهُم (^١). يُريدُ بكِتْبَةِ العِلمِ الأخبارَ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٥ - قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فيما أجازَ لِى رِوايَتَه عنه: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ فى كِتابِ أدَبِ القاضِى: إلَّا أن يَكونَ مِنهُم مَن يُعرَفُ باستِحلالِ شَهادَةِ الزّورِ على الرَّجُلِ؛ لأنَّه يَراه حَلالَ الدَّمِ أو حَلالَ المالِ، فتُرَدُّ شَهادَتُه بالزّورِ، أو يَكونَ مِنهُم مَن يَستَحِل أو يَرَى الشَّهادَةَ لِلرَّجُلِ إذا وثِقَ به، فيَحلِفُ له على حَقِّه ويَشهَدُ له بالبَتِّ به ولَم يَحضُرْه ولَم يَسمَعْه، فتُرَدُّ شَهادَتُه مِن قِبَلِ استِحلالِه الشَّهادَةَ بالزّورِ، أو يَكونَ مِنهُم مَن يُبايِنُ الرَّجُلَ المُخالِفَ له مُبايَنَةَ العَداوَةِ له، فتُرَدُّ شَهادَتُه مِن جِهَةِ العَداوَةِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا تُرابٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ المُنذِرِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا حاتِمٍ الرّازِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ حَرمَلَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: لَم أرَ أحَدًا أشهَدَ بالزّورِ مِنَ الرّافِضَةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى حلية الأولياء ٩/ ١١٤، وابن عبد البر فى الانتقاء ١/ ٧٩ من طريق حرملة به.","vol":"21","page":90},{"text":"كَذَلِكَ رَواه [غَيرُه عَنْ] (^١) حَرمَلَةَ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ فَنْجُويَه الدّينَوَرِىُّ بالدّامَغانِ، حدثنا عبدُ (^٢) اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَنْبَةَ (^٣)، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إبر اهيمَ الكَرابيسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يونُسَ بنَ عبدِ الأعلَى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: أجيزُ شَهادَةَ أهلِ الأهواءِ كُلِّهِم إلَّا الرّافِضَةَ؛ فإِنَّه يَشهَدُ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وكَذَلِكَ مَن عُرِفَ مِنهُم بسَبِّ الصَّحابَةِ الَّذينَ هُم سُرُجُ هذه الأُمَّةِ وصَدرُها، لَم تُقبَلْ شَهادَتُه؛ مَتَى ما كان سَبُّه إيّاهُم على وجهِ العَصبيَّةِ أوِ (^٤) الجَهالَةِ، لا على تأويلٍ أو شُبهَةٍ.\n\n٢٠٩٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنِ عَتّابٍ العَبدِىُّ ببَغدادَ وأبو الفَضلِ الحَسَنُ بنُ يَعقوبَ العَدلُ بنَيسابورَ وأبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ قالوا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى سعيدٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَسُبّوا أصحابِى، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَو أنَّ أحَدَكُم أنفَقَ مِثلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا ما بَلَغَ مُدَّ أحَدِهِم ولا نَصيفَه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"غير\".\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ، وتقدم فى (٤٦٦٦، ٨٠٥١): \"عبيد\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"شية\".\n(^٤) فى س، حاشية الأصل: \"و\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١١٥١٦)، وابن حبان (٧٢٥٣) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٤٦٥٨)، والترمذى =","vol":"21","page":91},{"text":"كُرَيبٍ وغَيرِه عن وكيعٍ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٤٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ هو ابنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن مَنصورٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا وائلٍ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"سِبابُ المُسلِمِ فُسوقٌ، وقتالُه كُفرٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ ابنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ على بنِ الجَارودِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَوّارٍ العَنبَرِىُّ قال: شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ عِندَ أبى شَهادَةً، فرَدَّ شَهادَتَه، فأتاه بَعدُ فقالَ: رَدَدتَ شَهادَتِى؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: ولِمَ؟ قال: لأنَّه بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ تَناوَلُ أو تُبغِضُ أصحابَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال: ما أتَناوَلُ إلَّا عمرَو بنَ العاصِ. قال: نَعَم، أمَا إنِّى أزيدُكَ حَبسًا حَتَّى تُحدِثَ تَوبَةً (^٤).\n_________\n= (٣٨٦١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٣٠٨) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^١) مسلم (٢٥٤١) عقب (٢٢٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٩٣٩)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٨٤٦) من طريق سليمان بن حرب به. وتقدم فى (١٥٩٤٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٤٤)، ومسلم (٦٤/ ١١٧).\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١٢٩٠.","vol":"21","page":92},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4333>بابُ الرَّجُلِ مِن أهلِ الفِقهِ يُسألُ عن الرَّجُلِ مِن أهلِ الحديث فيَقولُ: كُفّوا عن حَديثِه؛ لأنَّه يَغلَطُ، أو يُحَدِّثُ بما لَم يَسمَعْ، أو أنَّه لا يُبصِرُ الفُتيا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَيسَ هذا بعَداوَةٍ ولا غِيبَةٍ إذا كان يَقولُه لِمَن يَخافُ أن يَتبَعَه فيُخطئَ باتِّباعِه، وهَذا مِن مَعانِى الشَّهاداتِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البِسطامِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ (ح) قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ، مُرَّ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بجِنازَةٍ فأُثنِىَ عَلَيها خَيرًا، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وجَبَت\". قال: ومُرَّ عَلَيه بجِنازَةٍ أُخرَى فأُثنِىَ عَلَيها شَرًّا، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وجَبَت\". فقيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قُلتَ لِذَلِكَ: \"وجَبَت\". وقُلتَ لهَذِهِ: \"وجَبَت\". فقالَ: \"شَهادَةُ القَومِ، المُؤمِنونَ شُهَداءُ اللَّهِ فى الأرضِ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٣).\nوروّينا فيما مَضَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"إنّما الدّينُ النَّصيحَةُ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٦.\n(^٢) أبو يعلى (٣٣٥٢).\n(^٣) مسلم (٩٤٩/ عقب ٦٠)، والبخارى (٢٦٤٢).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٦٧٣٥).","vol":"21","page":93},{"text":"٢٠٩٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن بَقيَّةَ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن مُعانِ (^١) بنِ رِفاعَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ العُذْرِىِّ قال. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يَرِثُ هذا العِلمَ مِن كُلِّ خَلَفٍ عُدولُه؛ يَنفُونَ عنه تأويلَ الجاهِلينَ، وانتِحالَ المُبطِلينَ، وتَحريفَ الغالينَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٥٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ أيّوبَ الدِّمَشقِىَّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ يَعنِى ابنَ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا الثِّقَةُ مِن أشياخِنا قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. نَحوَه (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، أن سُبَيعَةَ بنتَ الحارِثِ وضَعَت بعدَ وفاةِ زَوجِها بخَمسَةَ عَشَرَ يَومًا، فمَرَّ بها أبو السَّنابِلِ فقالَ: كأنَّكِ تُريدينَ الزَّوجَ؟ فقالَت: نَعَم. أو كما\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"معاذ\". وتقدم فى (٥٤٧).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٤٣، ٤٤، وابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ١٢٧، ١٥٣، ٢/ ٥١١. وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٧٣٢) من طريق أبى الربيع الزهرانى به.\n(^٣) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ١٥٣. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٠: سنده منقطع.","vol":"21","page":94},{"text":"قالَت، قال: لا، حَتَّى تَمضِىَ أربَعَةَ أشهُرٍ وعَشرًا (^١). فأتَتِ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"كَذَبَ أبو السَّنابِلِ، إذا أتاكِ مَن تَرضينَ فأخبِرِينِى\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ حَسَنٌ ولَه شَواهِدُ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن جَماعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ والتّابِعينَ تَبيينَ حالِ مَن وُجِدَ مِنه ما يُوجِبُ رَدَّ خَبَرِه، ولَيسَ ههنا مَوضِعُه، إلَّا أنَّ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ أدخَلَ هذه المَسألَةَ خِلالَ مَسألَةِ شَهادَةِ أهلِ الأهواءِ، فأشَرنا إلَى بَعضِ أدِلَّتِها وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٥٥ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ وأبو الطَّيِّبِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّعيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو شُجاعٍ أحمدُ بنُ مخلدٍ (^٤) الصَّيدَلاِنِىُّ، حدثنا الجارودُ ابنُ يَزيدَ، عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أتَرِعُونَ (^٥) عن ذِكرِ الفاجِرِ؟ اذكُروه بما فيه كَى يَعرِفَه النّاسُ ويَحذَرَه النّاسُ\" (^٦).\nفهَذا حَديثٌ يُعرَفُ بالجارودِ بنِ يَزيدَ النَّيسابورِىِّ (^٧)، وأنكَرَه عَلَيه أهلُ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ؛ سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) كذا وهو على حكاية لفظ الآية.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٥٥٥٧).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٠٩٤٤ - ٢٠٩٤٧).\n(^٤) فى الأصل، س، م: \"محمد\".\n(^٥) أتَرِعُون: أتحرجون. التيسير بشرح الجامع الصغير ١/ ٤٧.\n(^٦) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٦٦٦). وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٩/ ٤١٨ (١٠١٠) من طريق الجارود بن يزيد به.\n(^٧) تقدم عقب (١٥٢٢٣).","vol":"21","page":95},{"text":"محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ الحافظَ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ يقولُ: كان أبو بكرٍ الجارودِىُّ إذا مَرَّ بقَبرِ جَدِّه فى مَقبُرَةِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مُعاذٍ يقولُ: يا أبَةِ لَو لَم تُحَدِّثْ بحَديثِ بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ لَزُرْتُكَ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد سَرَقَه عنه جَماعَةٌ مِنَ الضُّعَفاءِ فرَوَوه عن بَهزِ بنِ حَكيمٍ، ولَم يَصِحَّ فيه شَئٌ.\n\n٢٠٩٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قال: قُرِئَ على إسماعيلَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارِ وأنا أسمَعُ قال: حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرْقُفِىُّ، حدثنا رَوَّادُ (^٢) بنُ الجَرّاحِ أبو عِصامٍ (^٣) العَسقَلانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سَعدٍ السّاعِدِىُّ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن ألقَى جِلبابَ الحَياءِ فلا غِيبَةَ له\" (^٤). وهَذا أيضًا لَيسَ بالقَوِىِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4334>بابُ ما تَجوزُ به شَهادَةُ أهلِ الأهواءِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: كُلُّ مَن تأوَّلَ فأتَى شَيئًا مُستَحِلًا -كان فيه حَدٌّ أو لَم يَكُنْ- لَم تُرَدَّ شَهادَتُه بذَلِكَ، ألا تَرَى أن ممَّن حُمِلَ عنه الدِّينُ ونُصِبَ عَلَمًا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٧/ ٢٦٣ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به.\n(^٢) فى م: (داود). وتقدم فى (١٣٧٢).\n(^٣) كتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"خ ر\". وكتب فى الحاشية: \"أبو عاصم\". وكتب فوته: \"ص\". وكتب فى الحاشية أيضًا: \"كذا فى ص، صوابه: أبو عصام\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٨/ ٤٣٨ من طريق إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار به. وابن أبى الدنيا فى مكارم الأخلاق (١٠٢) من طريق أبى سعد الساعدى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢١: أبو سعد مجهول.","vol":"21","page":96},{"text":"فى البُلدانِ مَن قَد يستحِلُّ (^١) المُتعَةَ، ومِنهُم مَن يَستَحِلُّ الدّينارَ بعَشَرَةِ دَنانيرَ يَدًا بَيدٍ، ومِنهُم مَن قَد تأوَّلَ فاستَحَلَّ سَفكَ الدِّماءِ، ومِنهُم مَن تأوَّلَ فشَرِبَ كُلَّ مُسكِرٍ غَيرَ الخَمرِ، ومِنهُم مَن أحَلَّ (^٢) إتيانَ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنَّ، ومِنهُم مَن أحَلَّ بُيوعًا مُحَرَّمَةً عِندَ غَيرِه، فإِذا كان هَؤُلاءِ مَعَ ما وصَفتُ أهلَ ثِقَةٍ فى دينِهِم، وقَناعَةٍ عِندَ فَى عَرَفَهُم، وقَد تُرِكَ عَلَيهِم ما تأوَّلوا فأخطَئوا فيه، ولَم يُخْرَجوا بعَظيمِ الخَطأَ إذا كان مِنهُم على وجهِ الاستِحلالِ كان جَميعُ أهلِ الأهواءِ فى هذه المَنزِلَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٤) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببغداد، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَجّاجٌ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى مَنيعٍ، حدثنا جَدِّى، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو إدريسَ عائذُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخَولانِىُّ، أنَّه أخبَرَه يَزيدُ بنُ عَميرَةَ صاحِبُ مُعاذٍ، أن مُعاذًا كان يقولُ كُلَّما جَلَسَ مَجلِسَ ذِكْرٍ: اللَّهُ حَكَمٌ عَدْلٌ -وقالَ أبو اليَمانِ: قَسطٌ- تَبارَكَ اسمُه، هَلَكَ المُرتابونَ. فقالَ مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ يَومًا فى مَجلِسٍ جَلَسَه: وراءَكُم فِتَنٌ يَكثُرُ فيها المالُ، ويُفتَحُ فيها القُرآنُ،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"استحل\".\n(^٢) فى س: \"استحل\".\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ٥٣، ٥٤.\n(^٤) بعدها فى أصل المصنف: \"محمد بن الحسين\". وهو أبو الحسين محمد بن الحسين بن محمد بن الفضل القطان. تقدم فى (٣٠).","vol":"21","page":97},{"text":"حَتَّى يأخُذَه المُؤمِنُ والمُنافِقُ، والحُرُّ والعَبدُ، والرَّجُلُ والمَرأةُ، والكَبيرُ والصَّغيرُ، فيوشِكُ قائلٌ أن يَقولَ: فما لِلنّاسِ لا يَتَّبِعونِى وقَد قَرأتُ القُرآنَ؟ واللَّهِ ما هُم بمُتَّبِعِىَّ حَتَّى أبتَدِعَ لَهُم غَيرَه. فإيّاكُم وما ابتُدِعَ؛ فإِنَّ ما ابتُدِعَ ضَلالَةٌ، واحذَروا زَيْغَةَ الحَكيمِ؛ فإِنَّ الشَّيطانَ قَد يقولُ كَلِمَةَ الضَّلالةِ على فمِ الحَكيمِ، وقَد يقولُ المُنافِقُ كَلِمَةَ الحَقِّ. قال: قُلتُ له: وما يُدرينِى يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أنَّ الحَكيمَ يقولُ كَلِمَةَ الضَّلالَةِ، وأنَّ المُنافِقَ يقولُ كَلِمَةَ الحَقِّ؟ قال: اجْتَنِبْ مِن كَلامِ الحَكيمِ المُشتَبِهاتِ التى تَقولُ: ما هذه؟ ولا يُنْئِيَنَّكَ ذَلِكَ مِنه؛ فإِنَّه لَعَلَّه أن يُراجِعَ ويُلقَّى الحَقَّ إذا سَمِعَه، فإِنَّ على الحَقِّ نورًا. وفِى رِوايَةِ القاضِى: ولا يَثْنِيَنَّكَ ذَلِكَ عنه (^١).\nورَواه عُقَيلٌ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، فقالَ فى الحديثِ: ولا يَثْنِيَنَّكَ ذَلِكَ عَنه (^٢).\nفأخبَرَ مُعاذُ بنُ جَبَلٍ أنَّ زَيغَةَ الحَكيمِ لا توجِبُ الإعراضَ عنه، ولَكِن يُترَكُ مِن قَولِه ما لَيسَ عَلَيه نورٌ، فإِنَّ على الحَقِّ نورًا، يَعنِى واللَّهُ أعلمُ دِلالَةً مِن كِتابٍ أو سُنَّةٍ أو إجماعٍ أو قياسٍ على بَعضِ هَذا.\n\n٢٠٩٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ المُسَيَّبِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نافِعٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ، عن أبيه، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"منه\".\nوالأثر عند يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٣٢١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٢٠٧٥٠) من طريق الزهرى به. والطبرانى ٢٠/ ١١٤ (٢٢٧)، والحاكم ٤/ ٤٦٦ من طريق يزيد بن عميرة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٤٦١١) من طريق عقيل به.","vol":"21","page":98},{"text":"جَدِّه، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اتَّقوا زَلَّةَ العالِمِ، وانتَظِروا فيئَتَه\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه مَعنُ بنُ عيسَى عن كَثيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٥٩ - وفِى مِثلِ هذا أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ العباسَ بنَ الوَليدِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: مَن أخَذَ بنَوادِرِ العُلَماءِ خَرَجَ مِنَ الإسلامِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدٍ السّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى التِّنِّيسِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أبى سلمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىِّ يقولُ: يُترَكُ مِن قَولِ أهلِ مَكَّةَ المُتعَةُ والصَّرْفُ، ومِن قَولِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ السَّماعُ وإِتيانُ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنَّ، ومِن قَولِ أهلِ الشّامِ الجَبْرُ والطاعَةُ، ومِن قَولِ أهلِ الكوفَةِ النَّبيذُ والسَّحورُ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٦١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ مِن بَجِّ (^٥) حَوْرانَ قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: [يُجْتنبُ أو يُترُكُ] (^٦) مِن قَولِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٠٨١ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نافع به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٢: كثير واهٍ.\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى المدخل إلى السنن الكبرى (٨٣١) من طريق معن بن عيسى به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (١٩٢٣) دون ذكر محمد بن شعيب بن شابور، وفيه: \"فبفيه الحجر\" بدلًا من: \"خرج من الإسلام\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١/ ٣٦١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٥) فى نسخة المصنف: \"فج\". وبَجُّ حَوْرانَ: قرية كانت على باب دمشق. معجم البلدان ١/ ٤٩٦.\n(^٦) فى م: \"نجتنب أو نترك\"، وأوله غير منقوط فى نسخة المصنف والأصل، وضبط أوله فى =","vol":"21","page":99},{"text":"أهلِ العِراقِ خَمسًا (^١)، ومِن قَولِ أهلِ الحِجازِ خَمسًا؛ مِن قَولِ أهلِ العِراقِ: شُربُ المُسكِرِ، والأكلُ عند الفَجرِ فى رَمَضانَ، ولا جُمُعَةَ إلَّا فى سَبعَةِ أمصارٍ، وتأخيرُ صَلاةِ العَصرِ حَتَّى يَكونَ ظِلُّ كُلَّ شَئٍ أربَعَةَ أمثالِه، والفِرارُ يَومَ الزَّحفِ. ومِن قَولِ أهلِ الحِجازِ: استِماعُ المَلاهِى، والجَمعُ بَينَ الصَّلاتَينِ مِن غَيرِ عُذرٍ، والمُتعَةُ بالنِّساءِ، والدِّرهَمُ بالدَّرهَمَينِ، والدّينارُ بالدّينارَينِ يَدًا بيَدٍ، وإِتيانُ النِّساءِ فى أدبارِهِنَّ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الوَليدِ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ ابنَ سُرَيجٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ إسماعيلَ بنَ إسحاقَ القاضِي يقولُ: دَخَلتُ على المُعتَضِدِ فدَفَعَ إلَىَّ كِتابًا نَظَرتُ فيه، وكانَ قَد جُمِعَ له الرُّخَصُ مِن زَلَلِ العُلَماءِ وما احتَجَّ به كُلٌّ مِنهُم لِنَفسِه، فقُلتُ له: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، مُصَنِّفُ هذا الكِتابِ زِنديقٌ. فقالَ: لَم تَصِحَّ هذه الأحاديثُ؟ قُلتُ: الأحاديثُ على ما رُوِيَت، ولَكِنْ مَن أباحَ المُسكِرَ لَم يُبحِ المُتعَةَ، ومَن أباحَ المُتعَةَ لَم يُبحِ الغِناءَ والمُسكِرَ، وما مِن عالِمٍ إلَّا ولَه زَلَّةٌ، ومَن جَمَعَ زَلَلَ العُلَماءِ ثُمَّ أخَذَ بها ذَهَبَ دِينُه. فأمَرَ المُعتَضِدُ فأُحرِقَ ذَلِكَ الكِتابُ.\n_________\n= الأصل بالضم والفتح، وضبط فى أصل المصنف بالضم فقط.\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ وتاريخ دمشق، وفى معرفة علوم الحديث: \"خمس\".\n(^٢) الحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٦٥، وعنده: \"أبو عبد اللَّه ابن بحر\" بدلًا من: \"أبو عبد اللَّه من بج حوران\"، وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥٤/ ٥٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"21","page":100},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4335>بابُ الاختِلافِ فى اللَّعِبِ بالشِّطْرَنْجِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: وإِذا كانوا هَكَذا يَعنِى أهلَ الأهواءِ فاللَّاعِبُ بالشِّطْرَنجِ وإِن كَرِهْنا له، وبِالحَمامِ وإِن كَرِهْنا له، أخَفُّ حالًا مِن هَؤُلاءِ بما لا يُحصَى ولا يُقَدَّرُ (^١).\nوإِنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لما فيه أيضًا مِن اختِلافِ العُلَماءِ.\n\n٢٠٩٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: لَعِبَ سعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ بالشِّطْرَنْجِ مِن وراءِ ظَهرِه، فيَقولُ: بأَيْشِ دَفَعَ كَذا؟ قال: بكَذا. قال: ادفَعْ بكَذا (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٦٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ رَشيقٍ إجازَةً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: كان محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ وهِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ يَلعَبانِ بالشِّطْرَنْجِ استِدبارًا.\n\n٢٠٩٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ قال: قال مَعمَرٌ: بَلَغَنِى أن الشَّعبِىَّ كان يَلعَبُ بالشِّطْرَنجِ، ويَلبَسُ مِلحَفَةً، ويُرخِى شَعَرَه؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّه كان مُتَواريًا مِنَ الحَجّاجِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٧/ ٥٤.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٥٦).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٢٦).","vol":"21","page":101},{"text":"٢٠٩٦٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا مَعقِلُ بنُ مالكٍ الباهِلِىُّ قال: خَرَجتُ مِنَ المَسجِدِ الجامِعِ فإِذا رَجُلٌ قَد قُرِّبَت إلَيه دائتُه، فسألَه رَجُلٌ: ما كان الحَسَنُ يقولُ فى الشَّطْرَنجِ؟ فقالَ: كان لا يَرَى بها بأسًا، وكانَ يَكرَهُ النَّرْدَشِيرَ. فقُلتُ: مَن هذا؟ فقالوا: ابنُ عَونٍ. وكانَ مُضَبَّبَ الأسنانِ بالذَّهَبِ.\n\n٢٠٩٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ العَطّارُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ السَّلامَانِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمانَ الجُعفِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ بَشيبر قال: أتَيتُ البَصرَةَ فى طَلَبِ الحديثِ، فأتَيتُ بَهزَ بنَ حَكيمٍ فوَجَدتُه مَعَ قَومٍ يَلعَبُ بالشِّطْرَنجِ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ، أنبأنا زَكَريّا السّاجِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الرَّمادِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سُفيانَ يقولُ: رأيتُ إبراهيمَ الهَجَرِىَّ وكانَ يَلعَبُ بالشَّطْرَنجِ (^٢).\nفجَعَلَ الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀ اللَّعِبَ بالشِّطْرَنجِ مِنَ المَسائلِ المُختَلَفِ فيها فى أنَّه لا يوجِبُ رَدَّ الشَّهادَةِ، فأمّا كَراهيَةُ اللَّعِبِ بها فقَد صَرَّحَ بها فيما قَدَّمنا ذِكْرَه، وهو الأشبَهُ والأولَى بمَذهَبِه؟ فالَّذينَ كَرِهوها أكثَرُ ومَعَهُم مَن يُحتَجُّ بقَولِه، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢٠٩٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٤٩٩.\n(^٢) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٢١٤.","vol":"21","page":102},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ أنَّه كان يقولُ: الشِّطْرَنجُ هو مَيْسِرُ الأعاجِمِ (^١). هذا مُرسَلٌ ولَكِنْ له شَواهِدُ.\n\n٢٠٩٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ صفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا شَبَابَةُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن فُضَيلِ بنِ مَرزوقٍ، عن مَيسَرَةَ بنِ حَبيبٍ قال: مَرَّ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِب على قَوم يَلعَبونَ بالشِّطْرَنجِ فقالَ: مَا هذهِ التمَاثيلُ التى أنتُم لهَا عَاكِفونَ؟! (^٢)\n\n٢٠٩٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عَنْ سَعدِ بنِ طَريفٍ، عن الأصبَغِ بنِ نُباتَةَ، عن علىٍّ أنَّه مَرَّ على قَومٍ يَلعَبونَ بالشِّطْرَنجِ (^٣) فقالَ: مَا هذهِ التمَاثيلُ التى أنتُم لهَا عَاكِفونَ؟! لأن يَمَسَّ جَمرًا حَتَّى يَطفأَ خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَمَسَّها (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٧٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شَريكٌ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ قال: قال علىٌّ: صاحِبُ الشِّطْرَنجِ أكذَبُ النّاسِ؛ يقولُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣١١).\n(^٢) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٩٢). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٦/ ٢٢٤، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٥٦١)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٢٤) من طريق فضيل بن مرزوق به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الشطرنج\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٥١٨)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٩٣).","vol":"21","page":103},{"text":"أحَدُهُم: قَتَلتُ. وما قَتَلَ.\n\n٢٠٩٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِى إبراهيمُ بنُ راشِدٍ أبو إسحاقَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا مَروانُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ أبى زَكَريّا، عن عَمّارِ بنِ أبى عَمّارٍ قال: مَرَّ علىٌّ بمَجلِسٍ مِن مَجالِسِ تَيمِ اللَّهِ وهُم يَلعَبونَ بالشِّطْرَنجِ، فوَقَفَ عَلَيهِم فقالَ: أمَا واللَّهِ لِغَيرِ هذا خُلِقتُم، أما واللَّهِ لَولا أن يَكونَ سُنَّةً لَضَرَبتُ بها وُجوهَكُم (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ البُهْلولِ قال: سَمِعتُ مَعنَ بنَ عيسَى يقولُ: قال مالكٌ: الشِّطْرَنجُ مِنَ النَّردِ، بَلَغَنا عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه ولِىَ مالَ يَتيمٍ فأحرَقَها (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ مُنيرٍ القَطّانُ المَدائنِىُّ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ قال: حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه سُئلَ عن الشِّطْرَنجِ، فقالَ: هو شَرٌّ مِنَ النَّردِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٠٤). وأخرجه حنبل بن إسحاق فى جزئه (٧٤) من طريق مروان بن معاوية به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٤: محمد بن أبى زكريا إن كان المصلوب فهو متهم.\n(^٢) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٠١).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٠٢)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٢٦) من طريق شجاع بن الوليد به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٤: أرى سندًا نظيفًا إن كان جعفر ثقة. اهـ. قلت: قال ابن أبى حاتم فى الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٤٩١: صدوق.","vol":"21","page":104},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن أبا موسَى الأشعَرِىَّ قال: لا يَلعَبُ بالشِّطْرَنجِ إلَّا خاطِئٌ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٧٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ قال: كانَت عائشَةُ زَوجُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- تَكرَهُ الكَبلَ (^٢) وإِن لَم يُقامَرْ عَلَيها، وأبو سعيدٍ الخُدرِىُّ يَكرَهُ أن يُلعَبَ بالشِّطْرَنجِ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن صالِحِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ قال: سألتُ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن الشِّطْرَنجِ، فقالَ: هِىَ باطِلٌ، ولا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الباطِلَ (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابِ أنَّه سُئلَ عن لَعِبِ الشِّطْرَنجِ فقالَ: هِىَ مِنَ الباطِلِ، ولا أُحِبُّها (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٢٥٩ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وستأتى فى (٢١٠٠٨). وينظر التعليق عليها هناك من حاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى الشعب عقب (٦٥١٨) عن عبيد اللَّه بن أبى جعفر مقتصرًا على ذكر أبى سعيد الخدرى.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى الشعب عقب (٦٥١٨) عن ابن المسيب.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٢٦١ من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"21","page":105},{"text":"٢٠٩٨٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ إسحاقَ، أنَّه سألَ ابنَ شِهابٍ عن الشِّطْرَنجِ، فقالَ: هِىَ مِنَ الباطِلِ، ولا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الباطِلَ.\n\n٢٠٩٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا أبو شِهابٍ، عن إسماعيلَ قال: سُئلَ أبو جَعفَرٍ عن الشِّطْرَنجِ، فقالَ: دَعونا مِن هذه المَجوسيَّةِ (^١).\nورُوِّينا فى كَراهيَةِ اللَّعِبِ بها عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبىِ حَبيبٍ، ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ سيرينَ (^٢)، وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ، ومالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4336>بابُ كَراهيَةِ اللَّعِبِ بالحَمامِ</span>\n\n٢٠٩٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رأى رَجُلًا يَتبَعُ حَمامَةً، فقالَ: \"شَيطانٌ يَتبَعُ شَيطانَةً\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٩٤).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٥٧).\n(^٣) الموطأ ٢/ ٩٥٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣١٨)، وأبو داود (٤٩٤٠). وتقدم فى (١٩٧٩٢).","vol":"21","page":106},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: شَهِدتُ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ يأمُرُ بالحَمامِ الطَّيّاراتِ فيُذبَحنَ، وتُترَكُ المُقَصَّصاتُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4337>بابُ ما يَدُلُّ على رَدِّ شَهادَةِ مَن قامَرَ بالحَمامِ أو بالشِّطْرَنجِ أو بغَيِرهِما</span>\nقال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ﴾ الآيَة [المائدة: ٩٠].\n\n٢٠٩٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ دَنُوقَا، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ (^١) عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ السَّوطِىُّ (^٢) وعباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا جَندَلُ بنُ والِقٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّقِّىُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ حَبتَرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُمُ الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والكُوبَةَ (^٣) \". وقالَ: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٢٠٩٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وعياضُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الفِهرِىُّ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) بعدها فى م: \"أبى\".\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"السيوطى\".\n(^٣) الكوبة: هى الطبل. كما سيأتى فى الحديث (٢١٠٣١).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٢٧٤) من طريق زكريا بن عدى به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢١٦، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٧ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به. وتقدم فى (١٧٥٠٠)، وسيأتى فى (٢١٠٣١).","vol":"21","page":107},{"text":"عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: المَيسِرُ القِمارُ (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَالْمَيْسِرُ﴾. قال: كِعابُ فارِسَ وقِداحُ العَرَبِ، والقِمارُ كُلُّه (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: المَيسِرُ القِمارُ كُلُّه، حَتَّى الجَوْزُ الَّذِى يَلعَبُ به الصِّبيانُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4338>بابُ شَهادَةِ أهلِ الأشرِبَةِ</span>\nقال الشَّافِعِىُّ ﵀: مَن شَرِبَ مِنَ الخَمرِ شَيئًا وهو يَعرِفُها خَمرًا رُدَّت شَهادَتُه؟ لأنَّ تَحريمَها نَصٌّ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ، سَكِرَ أو لَم يَسكَرْ. وقالَ فيما سِواها مِنَ الأشرِبَةِ التى يُسكِرُ كَثيرُها: فهو عِندَنا مُخطِئٌ بشُربِه، آثِمٌ به، ولا تُرَدُّ به شَهادَتُه. يَعنِى لِما فيه مِنَ الخِلافِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: ما لَم يَسكَرْ مِنه، فإِذا سَكِرَ مِنه فشَهادَتُه مَردودَةٌ؛ مِن قِبَلِ أنَّ السُّكرَ مُحَرَّمٌ عِندَ جَميعِ أهلِ الإسلامِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٦٠)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٦٧٥، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٠٥٠) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٢) تفسير مجاهد ص ٣١٤.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٢٨)، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٦٧٤.\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٦.","vol":"21","page":108},{"text":"٢٠٩٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ هِلالُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ الحَفّارُ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عَيّاشٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مِسعَرٍ، عن أبى عَونٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: حُرِّمَتِ الخَمرُ لِعَينِها قَليلُها وكَثيرُها، والسُّكْرُ مِن كُلِّ شَرابٍ (^١).\nفمِن هذا وما أشبَهَه وقَعَت شُبهَةُ مَن أباحَ القَليلَ مِن سائرِ الأشرِبَةِ، وأمّا نَحنُ فلا نُبيحُ شَيئًا مِنه إذا أسكَرَ كَثيرُه؛ لما رُوّيناه عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وابنِ عُمَرَ وغَيرِهِما، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أنهاكُم عن قَليلِ ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه\" (^٢). وقالَ: \"ما أسكَرَ كَثيرُه فقَليلُه حَرامٌ\" (^٣). وقالَ: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ خَمرٌ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٤).\nورُوّينا فى حَديثِ ابنِ عباسٍ هذا أنَّه قال: والمُسكِرُ مِن كُلِّ شَرابٍ (^٥).\n\n٢٠٩٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الحَربِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادِ بنِ الهادِ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: كُنتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ فى حَجٍّ أو عُمْرَةٍ، فإِذا نَحنُ براكِبٍ، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أرَى هذا يَطلُبُنا. قال: فجاءَ الرَّجُلُ فبَكَى. قال: ما شأنُكَ؟ إن كُنتَ غارِمًا أعَنّاكَ، وإِن كُنتَ خائفًا أمَّنّاكَ، إلَّا أن تَكونَ قَتَلتَ نَفسًا فتُقتَلُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٣/ ١٩٠ عن هلال بن محمد الحفار به. وتقدم فى (١٧٤٧٧).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٧٤٦٢) عن سعد بن أبى وقاص.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٧٤٦٤) عن ابن عمر.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (١٧٤١٨، ١٧٤٤٨ - ١٧٤٥٢).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٧٤٧٧، ١٧٤٧٨).","vol":"21","page":109},{"text":"بها، وإِن كُنتَ كَرِهتَ جِوارَ قَومٍ حَوَّلْناكَ عَنهُم. قال: إنِّى شَرِبتُ الخَمرَ، وأنا أحَدُ بَنِى تَيمٍ، وإِنَّ أبا موسَى جَلَدَنِى وحَلَقَنِى وسَوَّدَ وجهِى وطافَ بى فى النّاسِ، وقالَ: لا تُجالِسوه ولا تُؤاكِلوه. فحَدَّثتُ نَفسِى بإِحدَى ثَلاثٍ: إمّا أن أتَّخِذَ سَيفًا فأضرِبَ به أبا موسَى، وإِمّا أن آتيَكَ فتُحَوِّلَنِى إلَى الشّامِ فإِنَّهُم لا يَعرِفونَنِى، وإِمّا أن ألحَقَ بالعَدوِّ وآكُلَ مَعَهُم وأشرَبَ. قال: فبَكَى عُمَرُ وقالَ: ما يَسُرُّنِى أنَّكَ فعَلتَ وأَنَّ لِعُمَرَ كَذا وكَذا، وإِنِّى كُنتُ لَأشرَبَ النّاسِ لها فى الجاهِليَّةِ، وإِنَّها لَيسَت كالزِّنى. وكَتَبَ إلَى أبى موسَى: سَلامٌ عَلَيكَ، أمّا بَعدُ، فإِنَّ فُلانَ بنَ فُلانٍ التَّيمِىَّ أخبرَنِى بكَذا وكَذا، وايمُ اللَّهِ، لَئن عُدتَ لأسوِّدَنَّ وجهَكَ ولأطوفَنَّ بكَ فى النّاسِ، فإِن أرَدتَ أن تَعلَمَ حَقَّ ما أقولُ لَكَ فعُدْ فأْمُرِ النّاسَ أن يُجالِسوه ويُؤاكِلوه، وإِن تابَ فاقبَلوا شَهادَتَه. وحَمَلَه وأعطاه مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ (^١).\nفأخبَرَ عُمَرُ أن شَهادَتَه تَسقُطُ بشُربِه الخَمرَ، وأنَّه إذا تابَ حينَئذٍ تُقبَلُ شَهادَتُه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبائعُ الخَمرِ مَردودُ الشَّهادَةِ؛ لأنَّه لا خِلافَ بَينَ أحَدٍ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ فى أنَّ بَيعَها مُحَرَّمٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَتِ الدِّلالَةُ على تَحريمِ بَيعِها مَعَ الإجماعِ فى كِتابِ البُيوعِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٨١٣، ٨١٤ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٥٤.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١١١٥٠ - ١١١٥٥).","vol":"21","page":110},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4339>باب: كَراهيَةُ اللَّعِبِ بالنَّردِ أكثَرُ مِن كَراهيَةِ اللَّعِبِ بالشَّئِ مِنَ المَلاهِى؛ لِثُبوتِ الخَبِر فيه وكَثرَتِهِ</span>\n\n٢٠٩٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ قالا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبانا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لَعِبَ بالنَّردَشيرِ فهو كَمَن غَمَسَ يَدَه فى لَحمِ الخِنزيرِ ودَمِه\". لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ، وفِى رِوايَةِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن لَعِبَ بالنَّردَشيرِ فكأنَّما صَبَغَ يَدَه فى لَحمِ حِنزيرٍ ودمِه\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى خيثمَة زهيرِ بنِ حَربٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن موسَى بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن لَعِبَ بالنَّردَ فقَد\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٥٩)، وفى الصغرى (٤٣٠٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٥٦) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به. وأبو داود (٤٩٣٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٦٣) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٦٠/ ١٠).","vol":"21","page":111},{"text":"عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ الهادِ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن لَعِبَ بالنَّردِ فقَد عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٤)، ورَواه أيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ عن نافِعٍ عن سعيدٍ عن أبى موسَى مِن قَولِه غَيرَ مَرفوعٍ، واختُلِفَ فيه على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِندٍ؛ فقيلَ عنه عن أبيه عن رَجُلٍ عن أبى موسَى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى الكِعابِ (^٥). وقيلَ عنه (^٦) عن أبى موسَى نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الجَماعَةِ، وهو أولَى.\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٩٥٨، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٤٩٣٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨٧٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٥٠ من طريق يزيد بن الهاد به. وأحمد (١٩٥٢١)، وابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٢٥٦ من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٠٩). وأخرجه عبد بن حميد (٥٤٦ - منتخب) عن محمد بن عبيد به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٧٢)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٦٢)، من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٥٨٠)، وأبو يعلى (٧٢٩٠)، والحاكم ١/ ٥٠ من طريق يحيى القطان به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الحاكم ١/ ٥٠ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سعيد به. وعبد الرزاق (١٩٧٣٠) من طريق سعيد بن أبى هند به.\n(^٦) بعده فى نسخة المصنف: \"عن أبيه\".","vol":"21","page":112},{"text":"٢٠٩٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الجُعَيدُ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ خُصَيفَةَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ كَعبٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو موسَى الأشعَرِىُّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يُقَلِّبُ كَعَباتِها أحَدٌ يَنتَظِرُ ما تأتِى به إلَّا عَصَى اللَّهَ ورسولَه\" (^١).\n\n٢٠٩٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الفَتحِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أبى الفَوارِسِ الحافظُ ﵀ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا مَكِّىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا الجُعَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن موسَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى الخَطْمِىَّ، أنَّه سَمِعَ محمدَ بنَ كَعبٍ وهو يَسألُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ فقالَ: أخبِرْنِى ما سَمِعتَ أباكَ يقولُ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: سَمِعتُ أبى يقولُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَثَلُ الَّذِى يَلعَبُ بالنَّردِ ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيُصَلِّى، مَثَلُ الَّذِى يَتَوَضّأُ بالقَيحِ ودَمِ الخِنزيرِ ثُمَّ يَقومُ فيُصَلِّى\" (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَكّائىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٤٩)، وأبو يعلى (٧٢٨٩) من طريق مكى بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"به\".\nوالحديث أخرجه أحمد (٢٣١٣٨)، وأبو يعلى (١١٠٤، ١١٥٠) من طريق مكى بن إبراهيم به.","vol":"21","page":113},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اتَّقوا هَذِه (^١) الكَعبتَينِ المَوسومَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ تُزجَرانِ زَجرًا؛ فإنَّهُما مِن مَيسِرِ العَجَمِ\" (^٢). رَفَعَه البَكَائىُّ عن إبراهيمَ، وسوَيدٌ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ عن إبراهيمَ (^٣)، والمحفوظُ مَوقوفٌ:\n\n٢٠٩٩٦ - أخبرَناه أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ الهَجَرِىُّ، عن أبى الأحوَصِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: اتَّقوا هاتَينِ الكَعبَتَينِ المَوسومَتَينِ اللَّتَينِ إنَّما تُزجَرانِ زَجرًا؛ فإِنَّها (^٤) مَيسِرُ العَجَمِ (^٥).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ عُمَيرٍ وغَيرُه (^٦) عن أبى الأحوَصِ عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ مَوقوفًا (^٧).\n\n٢٠٩٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى الجُعَيدُ، عن موسَى، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"هذين\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٢٦٣) من طريق إبراهيم الهجرى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٢١٦ من طريق سويد بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) فى م: \"فإنهما\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الخرائطى فى مساوئ الأخلاق (٧٥٦) من طريق أبى الأحوص به.\n(^٦) فى م: \"غيرهم\".\n(^٧) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٧٠)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (١٨)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (٢٠٥٣، ٦٧٤٦) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به.","vol":"21","page":114},{"text":"أبى سَهْلٍ (^١)، عن زُيَيدِ بنِ الصَّلتِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ وهو على المِنبَرِ يقولُ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إيّاكُم والمَيسِرَ -يُريدُ النَّردَ- فإِنَّها قَد ذُكِرَت لِى أنَّها فى بُيوتِ ناسٍ مِنكُم، فمَن كانَت فى بَيتِه فلْيُحرِقْها أو فيَكسِرْها. قال عثمانُ مَرَّةً أُخرَى وهو على المِنبَرِ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إنِّى قَد كَلَّمتُكُم فى هذا النَّردِ ولَم أرَكُم أخرَجتُموها، ولَقَد هَمَمتُ أن آمُرَ بحُزَمِ الحَطَبِ، ثُمَّ أُرسِلَ إلَى بُيوتِ الَّذينَ هِىَ فى بُيوتِهِم فأُحَرِّقَها عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n٢٠٩٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كان يقولُ: النَّردُ هِىَ المَيسِرُ (^٣).\n\n٢٠٩٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا بَحرٌ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن نافِعٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ كان إذا وجَدَها مَعَ أحَدٍ مِن أهلِه أمَرَ بها فكُسِرَت وضَرَبَه، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بها فأُحرِقَت بالنّارِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ المِهرَجانىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"سهيل\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن شبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٣/ ٩٨٨، ٩٨٩، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٣٠) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٢١) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) ذكره ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٢٥٨ عن ابن وهب به.","vol":"21","page":115},{"text":"عُمَرَ، كان إذا وجَدَ أحَدًا مِن أهلِه يَلعَبُ بالنَّردِ ضَرَبَه وكَسَرَها (^١).\n\n٢١٠٠١ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ أبى عَلقَمَةَ، عن أُمَّه، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه بَلَغَها أن أهلَ بَيتٍ فى دارِها كانوا سُكانًا فيها عِندَهُم نَردٌ، فأرسَلَت إلَيهِم: لَئن لَم تُخرِجوها لأُخرِجَنَّكُم مِن دارِى. وأنكَرَت ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أبى أيّوبَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال: اللاعبُ (^٣) بالنَّردِ قِمارًا كآكِلِ لَحمِ الخِنزيرِ، واللاعِبُ بها عن غَيرِ قِمارٍ كالمُدَّهِنِ بوَدَكِ الخِنزيرِ (^٤).\nورَواه أيضًا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه مَوقوفًا (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ١١ و، ١١ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٩٥٨، ومن طريقه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٢١٧٣).\n(^٢) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٨/ ١١ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٩٥٨، ومن طريقه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٧٤)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٣٤).\n(^٣) فى م: \"الملاعب\".\n(^٤) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٨١)، والجعديات (٣١٣١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٥٥٧) من طريق سلام بن مسكين به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٧٧)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٨٢) من طريق عمرو ابن شعيب به.","vol":"21","page":116},{"text":"رَبيعَةُ بنُ كُلثومٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى قال: خَطَبَنا ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ بمَكَّةَ فقالَ: يا أهلَ مَكَّةَ، بَلَغَنِى أنَّ رِجالًا مِن قُرَيشٍ يَلعَبونَ لُعبَةً يُقالُ لها: النَّردَشيرُ. وإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يقولُ فى كِتابِه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠] الآيَةَ كُلَّها. وإِنِّى أُقسِمُ باللَّهِ ﷿، لا أُوتَى برَجُلٍ لَعِبَ بهَذِه إلَّا عاقَبتُه فى شَعَرِه وبَشَرِه، وأعطَيتُ سَلَبَه مَن أتانِى بهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ مُعاذٍ العَقَدِىُّ، أنبأنا عامِرُ بنُ يَسافٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: مَرَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بقَومٍ يَلعَبونَ بالنَّردِ، فقالَ: \"قُلوبٌ لاهيَةٌ، وأيدٍ عامِلَةٌ، وألسِنَةٌ لاغيَةٌ\" (^٢). هذا مُرسَلٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4340>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ كُلَّ ما لَعِبَ النّاسُ به مِنَ الجزَةِ (^٣) -وهِىَ قِطعَةُ خَشَبٍ يَحونُ فيها حَفرٌ يَلعَبونَ بها- والقِرْقِ (^٤) ونَحوِها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّ اللَّعِبَ لَيسَ مِن صَنعَةِ أهلِ الدّينِ ولا المُروءَةِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٧٥)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٨٥)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٣٢) من طريق ربيعة بن كلثوم به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٨: إسناده جيد.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٥١٦)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٨٧). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٧: معضل، وعامر صدوق.\n(^٣) فى س: \"الحرة\"، وفى م: \"الحزة\". والضبط من الأصل، وكتب فوقها: \"ص\".\n(^٤) هكذا ضبطت فى نسخة الأصل، وفى نسخة المصنف بفتح القاف وكسر الراء. وفى حاشية الأصل: \"فى غريب الحديث أن القرق بكسر القاف لعبة لأهل الحجاز، وهى خط مربع فى وسطه خط مربع فى وسطه خط مربع، ثم يخط فى كل زاوية من الخط الأول إلى زوايا الخط الثالث، وبين كل زاويتين خط، فتصير أربعة عشر خطا. واللَّه أعلم\". اهـ. وينظر النهاية ٤/ ٤٧.\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٨.","vol":"21","page":117},{"text":"٢١٠٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحبوبٍ التّاجِرُ بمَروَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَسعودٍ، حدثنا النَّضرُ بنُ شُمَيلٍ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ أصدَقَ بَيتٍ قالَتْه الشُّعَراءُ: ألا كَلُّ شَئٍ ما خَلا اللَّهَ باطِلُ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ النَّضرِ، وفِى رِوايَةِ غُندَرٍ: عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ زَيدُ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ مِن أصلِ سَماعِه، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ أبى الحُنَينِ، حدثنا ابنُ المَدينِىِّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ قَيسٍ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ قال: سَمِعتُ عمرَو بنَ أبى عمرٍو قال: سَمِعتُ أنَسَ بنَ مالكٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَستُ مِن دَدٍ ولا دَدٌ مِنِّى\" (^٣). قال علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ: سألتُ أبا عُبَيدَةَ صاحِبَ العَرَبيَّةِ عن هذا، فقالَ: يقولُ: لَستُ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٨١١)، والأربعين الصغرى (١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٩٠٥) عن محمد بن جعفر به. والترمذى (٢٨٤٩)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨٤) من طريق عبد الملك بن عمير به. وسيأتى فى (٢١١٤١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٤٨٩)، ومسلم (٢٢٥٦/ ٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٧٨٥)، والبزار (٦٢٣١)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤١٣) من طريق يحيى بن محمد بن قيس به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف الأدب المفرد (١٢٠).","vol":"21","page":118},{"text":"الباطِلِ ولا الباطِلُ مِنِّى.\nقال الشيخُ: وقالَ أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ: الدَّدُ هو اللَّعِبُ واللَّهوُ (^١).\nوقيلَ: عن عمرٍو عن المُطَّلِبِ عن مُعاويَةَ (^٢)، ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا أبو قَبيلٍ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: لأَن أعبُدَ صَنَمًا يُعبَدُ فى الجاهِليَّةِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن ألعَبَ بذِى المَيسِرِ. أو قال: القِنّينِ (^٤). قال: وهِىَ عِيدانٌ كان يُلعَبُ فيها فى الأرضِ، ورأيتُه فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: بذِى العَشَرَةِ.\n\n٢١٠٠٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ، عن حَنَشِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ قال: ما أُبالِى لَعِبتُ بالكَبلِ (^٥)، أو تَوَضّأتُ بدَمِ خِنزيرٍ ثُمَّ قُمتُ إلَى الصَّلاةِ.\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٤٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٩/ ٣٤٣ (٧٩٤) من طريق عمرو بن أبى عمرو به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الإسماعيلى فى معجمه ١/ ٣٤١، ٣٤٢ من طريق أبى الزبير به.\n(^٤) فى ص: \"القسى\".\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"لم أجد الكبل هذا، ولا وجدت شيئًا مما يتصحف به يصلح لأن يكونه. واللَّه أعلم\". اهـ. وتقدمت هذه الكلمة فى (٢٠٩٧٧).","vol":"21","page":119},{"text":"٢١٠٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ مَرَّ بغِلمانٍ يَلعَبونَ بالكُجَّةِ (^١)، وكانَت حُفَرًا فيها حَطَبٌ يَلعَبونَ بها، فسَدَّها ابنُ عُمَرَ ونَهاهُم عَنها. قال: فما فُتِحَت إلَّا بَعدُ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن صَفيَّةَ، أن ابنَ عُمَرَ دَخَلَ على بَعضِ أهلِه وهُم يَلعَبونَ بهَذِه الشَّهارْدَةِ (^٣) فكَسَرَها. قال: وسَمِعتُ حَمّادًا مَرَّةً يقولُ: كَسَرَها على رأسِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠١١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ، أنَّه كان يَنهَى بَنيه عن لَعِبِ الأربَعَ عشْرةَ. فقيلَ له: تَنهاهُم؟ قال: إنَّهُم يَحلِفونَ ويَكذِبونَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"الكُجّة بالضم وتشديد الجيم، وقيل: هى أن يأخذ الصبى خرقة فيجعلها كأنها كرة، ثم يتقامرون بها. واللَّه أعلم\". اهـ. وينظر النهاية ٤/ ١٥٤.\n(^٢) ذكره ابن عبد البر فى التمهيد ٧/ ٢٥٩ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"الشهادة\".\n(^٤) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٠٥).\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١٠٧) من طريق أبى عاصم به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٥٦٤، ٢٦٥٧٠) من طريق يزيد بن عبيد به.","vol":"21","page":120},{"text":"ورُوّينا عن أُمِّ سلمةَ أنَّها كَرِهَتها (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ومَن لَعِبَ بشَئٍ مِن هذا على الاستِحلالِ له لَم تُرَدَّ شَهادَتُه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا للاختِلافِ فيه أو فى بَعضِهِ.\n\n٢١٠١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الأزرَقُ، عن بَسّامِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّيرَفِىِّ قال: سألتُ أبا جَعفَرٍ، عن النَّردَشيرِ فكَرِهَه، وقالَ: كان علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ يُلاعِبُ أهلَه بالشَّهارْدَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وإِن غَفَلَ به عن الصَّلاةِ فأكثَرَ حَتَّى تَفوتَه، ثُمَّ يَعودُ له حَتَّى تَفوتَه، رَدَدنا شَهادَتَه على الاستِخفافِ بمَواقيتِ الصَّلاةِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ حَبَّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن (^٥) كِنانَةَ يُدعَى المُخْدِجِىَّ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا بالشّامِ يُدعَى أبا محمدٍ يقولُ: إنَّ الوِترَ واجِبٌ. قال المُخدِجِىُّ: فرُحتُ إلَى عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ عُبادَةُ: كَذَبَ أبو محمدٍ، سَمِعتُ\n_________\n(^١) ذم الملاهى لابن أبى الدنيا (١٠٨).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٥٦٨) من طريق بسام به.\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٥) فى م: \"من بنى\".","vol":"21","page":121},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"خَمسُ صَلَواتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ على العِبادِ، فمَن جاءَ بهِنَّ لَم يُضَيِّعْ مِنهُنَّ شَيئًا استِخفافًا بحَقِّهِنَّ، كان له عِندَ اللَّهِ عهدٌ أن يُدخِلَه الجَنَّةَ، ومَن لَم يأتِ بهِنَّ فلَيسَ له عِندَ اللَّهِ ﷿ عَهدٌ؛ إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه، وإِن شاءَ أدخَلَه الجَنَّةَ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٠١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن أبى سلمةَ قال: قُلتُ لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: ما المَيسِرُ؟ فقالَ: كُلُّ ما ألهَى عن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ وعن الصَّلاةِ فهِىَ مَيسِرٌ.\n\n٢١٠١٥ - قال يَحيَى: وحَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ: هذه النَّردُ مَيسِرٌ، أرأيتَ الشِّطْرَنجَ أمَيسِرٌ هِىَ؟ قال القاسِمُ: كُلُّ ما ألْهَى عن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ وعن الصَّلاةِ فهِىَ مَيسِرٌ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4341>بابُ ما لا يُنهَى عنه مِنَ اللَّعِبِ</span>\n\n٢١٠١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا ابنُ جابِرٍ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (١٤٢٠). وتقدم فى (٢٢٥٧، ٤٥١٠). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٢٩: تابعه أخوه عبد ربه بن سعيد، والمخدجى يكنى أبا رفيع، وهذا إسناد صالح.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ٦٧٣ من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٩٧)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٢/ ٣٩١ (٢٠٥٦)، والآجرى فى تحريم النرد (٢٥) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.","vol":"21","page":122},{"text":"جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عثمانَ وسَعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَزيدَ بنِ جابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِدُ بنُ زَيدٍ قال: كُنتُ رَجُلًا راميًا، فكانَ عُقبَةُ بنُ عامِرٍ الجُهَنىُّ يَدعونِى فيَقولُ: اخرُجْ بنا يا خالِدُ نَرمِى. فلَمّا كان ذاتَ يَومٍ أبطأتُ عنه فقالَ: تَعالَ أُحَدِّثُكَ ما حَدَّثَنِى به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أو: أقولُ لَكَ ما قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُدخِلُ بالسَّهمِ الواحِدِ ثَلَاثةَ نَفَرٍ الجَنَّةَ؛ صانِعَه يَحتَسِبُ فى صَنعَتِه الخَيرَ، والرّامِىَ به، ومُنبِلَه، فارموا واركَبوا، وأن تَرموا أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن أن تَركَبوا، ولَيسَ مِنَ اللَّهوِ إلّا ثَلاثَةٌ؛ تأديبُ الرَّجُلِ فرَسَه، ومُلاعَبَتُه امرأتَه، ورَميُه بقَوسِه ونَبلِه، ومَن تَرَكَ الرَّمىَ بعدَما عَلِمَه رَغبَةً عنه، فإِنَّها نِعمَةٌ كَفَرَها\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ.\n\n٢١٠١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى سَلَّامٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ الزُّرَقِىِّ أن عُقبَةَ بنَ عامِرٍ الجُهَنِىَّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمَعناه، قال: \"وكُلُّ شَئٍ يَلهو به الرَّجُلُ باطِلٌ إلّا رَمىَ الرَّجُلِ بقَوسِه، وتأديبَه فرَسَه، ومُلاعَبَتَه امرأتَه؛ فإِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الحَقِّ، ومَن تَرَكَ الرَّمىَ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٠١، ٥٠٢، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٤٥٠)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٥١٣). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٧٤٩٧) عن العباس بن الوليد به. وتقدم فى (١٩٧٦٢).","vol":"21","page":123},{"text":"بعدَما عَلِمَه فقَد كَفَرَ الَّذِى عَلِمَه\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كَذا فى كِتابِى: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ. وقالَ غَيرُه عن هِشامٍ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ زَيدٍ الأزرَقُ.\n\n٢١٠١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أنبأنا عمرٌو أن محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ حَدَّثَه عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وعِندِى جاريَتانِ تُغَنّيانِ بغِناءِ بُعاثٍ (^٢)، فاضطَجَعَ على الفِراشِ وحَوَّلَ وجهَه، ودَخَلَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فانتَهَرَنِى وقالَ: مِزمارَةُ الشَّيطانِ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟! فأقبَلَ عَلَيه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"دَعْهُما\". فلَمّا غَفَلَ غَمَزتُهُما فخَرَجَتا. وقالَت: كان يَومَ عيدٍ يَلعَبُ السُّودانُ بالدَّرَقِ (^٣) والحِرابِ، فإِمّا سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وإِمّا قال: \"تَشتَهينَ تَنظُرينَ؟ \". فقُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَت: فأقامَنِى وراءَه؛ خَدِّى على خَدِّه، وهو يقولُ: \"دونَكُم يا بَنِى أرفِدَةَ (^٤) \". حَتَّى إذا مَلِلتُ قال: \"حَسبُكِ؟ \" قُلتُ: نَعَم. قال: \"اذهَبِى\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ، ورَواه\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٩٧٦٣).\n(^٢) بعاث: اسم حصن للأوس سمى به يوم مشهور كان فيه حرب بين الأوس والخزرج. ينظر النهاية ١/ ١٣٩. وينظر ما تقدم (١٨٠٨٦).\n(^٣) الدَّرَق: جمع دَرَقة؛ وهى ترس من جلود ليس فيه خشب ولا عقب. ينظر اللسان ١٠/ ٩٥ (د ر ق).\n(^٤) بنو أرفدة: الحبشة. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٦١.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٩١) من طريق ابن وهب به.","vol":"21","page":124},{"text":"مسلمٌ عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ ويونُسَ بنِ عبدِ الأعلَى، كُلُّهُم عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٠١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سَعدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ، حدثنا شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عياضٍ الأشعَرِىِّ أنَّه شَهِدَ عيدًا بالأنبارِ (^٢) فقالَ: ما لِى لا أراكُم تُقَلِّسونَ؟ كانوا فى زَمانِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَفعَلونَه. قال يوسُفُ بنُ عَدِىٍّ: التَّقليسُ أن تَقعُدَ الجَوارِى والصِّبيانُ على أفواه الطُّرُقِ يَلعَبونَ بالطَّبلِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَواه هُشَيمٌ عن المُغيرَةِ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: فإِنَّه مِنَ السُّنَّةِ فى العيدَينِ (^٤). يَعنِى ضَربَ الدُّفِّ عِندَ الانصِرافِ.\nورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن شَريكٍ فقالَ: زيادُ بنُ عياضٍ الأشعَرِىُّ (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ الهَرَوِىُّ بسافِريَّةَ (^٦)، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ وإِسرائيلُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٩٤٩، ٩٥٠)، ومسلم (٨٩٢/ ١٩).\n(^٢) الأنبار: مدينة على الفرات فى غربى بغداد بينهما عشرة فراسخ. معجم البلدان ١/ ٣٦٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٤٨٦) من طريق يوسف بن عدى به. والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ١٩، ٢٠، وابن ماجه (١٣٠٢)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٧١ (١٠١٧) من طرق عن شريك به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الخطيب فى تاريخه ١/ ٢٠٧ من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى تاريخه ٧/ ٢٠ من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٦) سافرية: قرية إلى جانب الرملة بفلسطين. ينظر معجم البلدان ٣/ ١٢.","vol":"21","page":125},{"text":"ما كان على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَّا وقَد رأيتُه يُعمَلُ بَعدَه، إلَّا شَئٌ واحِدٌ؛ كان يُقَلَّسُ له يَومَ الفِطرِ (^١).\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ محمدٍ عن إسرائيلَ، وقال: كان يُقَلَّسُ لِرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- يَومَ العيدِ. والتَّقليسُ اللَّعِبُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4342>بابٌ: يَنبَغِى لِلمَرءِ ألَّا يَبلُغَ مِنه ولا مِن غَيِره -مِن تِلاوَةِ قُرآنٍ ولا صَلاةِ نافِلَةٍ ولا نَظَرٍ فى عِلمٍ- ما يَشغَلُه عن الصَّلاةِ حَتَّى يَخرُجَ وقتُها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّ المَكتوبَةَ أوجَبُ عَلَيه مِن جَميعِ النَّوافِلِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى المُزَكِّى إملاءً، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، أخبرَنِى شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَمِرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قال: مَن عادَى لِى وليًّا فقَد بارَزَنِى بالحَربِ، وما تَقَرَّبَ إلَىَّ عبدِى بشَئٍ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ مِمّا افتَرَضتُ عَلَيه، وما يَزالُ يَتقَرَّبُ إلَىَّ بالنَّوافِلِ حَتَّى أُحِبَّه، فإِذا أحبَبتُه كُنتُ سَمعَه الَّذِى يَسمَعُ به، وبَصَرَه الَّذِى يُبصِرُ به، ويَدَه التى يَبطِشُ بها، ورِجلَه التى يَمشِى بها، ولَئن سألَنِى عبدِى أعطَيتُه، ولَئنِ استَعاذَنِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٤٨٥) عن محمد بن عبد الرحيم الهروى به. وأبو الحسن ابن الفطان فى زياداته على ابن ماجه (١٣٠٣) من طريق آدم به. وأحمد ٢٤/ ٢٢٦ (١٥٤٧٩) من طريق إسرائيل به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ٣٥٢ (٨٩٦) من طريق عمرو بن محمد به.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٨.","vol":"21","page":126},{"text":"لأُعيذَنَّه، وما تَرَدَّدتُ عن شَئٍ أنا فاعِلُه تَرَدُّدِى عن نَفسِ المُؤمِنِ يَكرَهُ المَوتَ وأكرَهُ مَساءَتَه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ كَرامَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4343>بابُ ما جاءَ فى اللَّعِبِ بالبَناتِ</span>\n\n٢١٠٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: كُنتُ ألعَبُ بالبَناتِ (^٣) عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وكانَ يأتينِى صَواحِبِى، فكُنَّ يَنقَمِعنَ مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قالَت: وكانَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُسَرِّبُهُنَّ إلَىَّ فيَلعَبْنَ مَعِى. قال أنَسٌ: يَنقَمِعنَ: يَفرِرنَ (^٤). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى عُمارَةُ بنُ غَزيَّةَ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (٦٤٦٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٥٠٢). وتقدم عقب (٦٤٦٦).\n(^٣) البنات: التماثيل التى تلعب بها الصبايا. النهاية ١/ ١٥٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (٨١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٩٨)، وأبو داود (٤٩٣١)، والنسائى (٣٣٧٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٨٢) من طرق عن هشام به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦١٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٠).","vol":"21","page":127},{"text":"محمدَ بنَ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىَّ حَدَّثَ عن أبى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قَدِمَ رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- مِن غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ، وقَد نَصَبتُ على بابِ حُجرَتِى عَباءَةً، وعَلَى عَرضِ (^١) بَيتِى سِترٌ إرمِنِىٌّ، فدَخَلَ البَيتَ فلَمّا رآه قال: \"ما لِى يا عائشَةُ والدُّنيا؟ \". فهَتَكَ السِّترَ حَتَّى وقَعَ بالأرضِ وفِى سَهوَتِها (^٢) سِترٌ، فهَبَّت ريحٌ فكَشَفَت ناحيَةَ السِّترِ عن بَناتٍ لِعائشَةَ -لُعَبٍ- فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا عائشَةُ؟ \". قالَت: بَناتِى. قالَت: ورأى بَينَ طُوَيْها (^٣) فرَسًا له جَناحانِ مِن رُقَعٍ، قال: \"فما هذا الذِى أرَى فى وسطِهِنَّ؟ \". قالَت: فرَسٌ. قال: \"ما هذا الَّذِى عَلَيهِ؟ \". قالَت: جَناحانِ. قال: \"فرَسٌ له جَناحانِ؟ \". قالَت: أوَما سَمِعتَ أن لِسُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ خَيلًا له أجنِحَةٌ؟ قالَت: فضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَوفٍ عن سعيدِ ابنِ أبى مَريَمَ، وقالَ فى الحديثِ: مِن غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ أو خَيبَرَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وكتب فى الحاشية: \"ذكر الهروى أن المحدثين يروونه العرض بالضاد المعجمة وصوابه العرص بالصاد المهملة وهو خشبة تلقى على البيت عرضًا عند السقيفة يطرح عليها أطراف الخشب القصار، وبالصاد المهملة ذكرها الخطابى ورد على الهروى إذ رواه بالضاد المعجمة. وقال الزمخشرى: وقد روى بالضاد المعجمة؛ لأنه يوضع على البيت عرضًا. واللَّه أعلم\".\n(^٢) السهوة: شبيه بالرف والطاق يوضع فيه الشئ. اللسان ١/ ٤٠٦ (س هـ و).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"طوبها\".\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٩٥٠) من طريق سعيد ابن أبى مريم به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٤٩٣٢). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٢٣).","vol":"21","page":128},{"text":"وقَد ثَبَتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- النَّهىُ عن التَّصاويرِ والتَّماثيلِ مِن أوجُهٍ كَثيرَةٍ عنه (^١)، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المَحفوظُ فى رِوايَةِ أبى سلمةَ عن عائشةَ - قُدومَه مِن غَزوَةِ خَيبَرَ، وأنَّ ذَلِكَ كان قبلَ تَحريمِ الصّوَرِ والتَّماثيلِ، ثُمَّ كان تَحريمُها بعدَ ذَلِكَ، فمِن جُملَةِ مَن رَوَى النَّهىَ عَنها عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أبو هريرةَ، وإِسلامُه كان زَمَنَ خَيبَرَ، فيَكونُ السَّماعُ بَعدَه، وفِى حَديثِ جابِرٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- أمَرَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ زَمَنَ الفَتحِ وهو بالبَطحاءِ أن يأى الكَعبَةَ فيَمحوَ كُلَّ صورَةٍ فيها، فلَم يَدخُلْها النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- حَتَّى مُحيَت كُلُّ صورَةٍ فيها (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وزَمَنُ الفَتحِ كان بعدَ خَيبَرَ، وأيضًا فإِنَّها كانَت صَغيرَةً فى الوَقتِ الَّذِى زُفَّت فيه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ومَعَها اللُّعَبُ، ثَبَتَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- تَزَوَّجَها وهِىَ ابنَةُ سَبعِ سِنينَ، وزُفَّت إلَيه وهىَ ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ ولُعَبُها مَعَها، وماتَ عَنها وهِىَ ابنَةُ ثَمانَ عَشرَةَ.\n\n٢١٠٢٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا فيّاضُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٤).\nولَيسَ فى شَئٍ مِنَ الرِّواياتِ أنَّها كانَت بَلَغَت مَبلَغَ النِّساءِ بغَيرِ السِّنِّ فى\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٤٦٨٤).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٨٠٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٥٧٠) من طريق عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٢٢/ ٧١).","vol":"21","page":129},{"text":"وقتِ زِفافِها، فيَحتَمِلُ أن كان اشتغالُها (^١) بلُعَبِها وتَقريرُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إيّاها على ذَلِكَ إلَى وقتِ بُلوغِها، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nوعَلَى هذا حَملَه أبو عُبَيدٍ فقالَ: ولَيسَ وجهُ ذَلِكَ عِندَنا إلّا مِن أجلِ أنَّها لَهوٌ لِلصِّبيانِ، فلَو كان لِلكِبارِ لَكانَ مَكروهًا (^٢). وذَكَرَ الحَليمِىُّ أنَّه إن عُمِلَ مِن خَشَبٍ أو حَجَرٍ أو صُفرٍ أو نُحاسٍ شِبهَ آدَمِىٍّ تامَّ الأطرافِ كالوَثَنِ وجَبَ كَسرُه ولَم يَجُزْ إطلاقُ إمساكِه لَهُنَّ، فأمّا إذا كانَتِ الواحِدَةُ مِنهُنَّ تأخُذُ خِرقَةً فتَلُفُّها، ثُمَّ تُشَكِّلُها بشَكلٍ مِن أشكالِ الصَّبايا وتُسَمّيها بنتًا أو أُمًّا، وتَلعَبُ بها، فلا تُمنَعُ مِنها. وذَكَرَ ما فى ذَلِكَ مِنَ انبِساطِ قَلبِها وحُسنِ نُشوِّها، ومُمارَسَتِها مُعالَجَةَ الصِّبيانِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4344>بابُ ما جاءَ فى المَراجيحِ</span>\n\n٢١٠٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى الحُسَينُ بنُ على بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى الدارمىُّ مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ أملاه عَلَينا، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ قالَت: تَزَوَّجَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِسِتِّ سِنينَ، وبَنَى بى وأنا ابنَةُ تِسعِ سِنينَ. قالَت: فقَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فوُعِكتُ شَهرًا، فوفَى (^٣) شَعَرِى جُمَيمَةً (^٤)، فأتَتنِى أُمُّ رُومانَ وأنا على أُرجوحَةٍ ومَعِى صَواحِبِى، فصَرَخَت بى\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"إشغالها\".\n(^٢) غريب الحديث ٤/ ٣١٥.\n(^٣) فى م: \"فوافى\".\n(^٤) جميمة: مصغر الجُمَّة، وهى مجتمع شعر الناصية. فتح البارى ٧/ ٢٢٤.","vol":"21","page":130},{"text":"فأتَيتُها وما أدرِى ما يُرادُ بى، فأخَذَت بيَدِى فأوقَفَتنِى على البابِ فقُلتُ: هذه هَذِه. حَتَّى ذَهَبَ نَفَسِى، فأدخَلَتنِى بَيتًا، فإِذا نِسوَةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ، فقُلنَ: على الخَيرِ والبَرَكَةِ، وعَلَى خَيرِ طائرٍ. فأسلَمتنِى إلَيهِنَّ فغَسَلنَ رأسِى وأصلَحنَنِى، فلَم يَرُعنِى إلَّا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فأسلَمنَنِى إلَيهِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيب، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن هِشامٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ داودَ الرزازُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ الأودِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ قال: قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: تَزَوَّجَنِى -يَعنِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- لِسِتِّ سِنينَ، فلَمّا قَدِمنا المَدينَةَ نَزَلنا السُّنحَ فى بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ. قالَت: فإِنِّى لأُرَجَّحُ بَينَ عَذقَينِ وأنا ابنَةُ تِسعٍ إذ جاءَت أُمِّى فأنزَلَتنِى، ثُمَّ مَشَت بى حَتَّى انتَهَت بى إلَى البابِ وأنا أنهَجُ، فمَسَحَت وجهِى بشَئٍ مِن ماءٍ وفَرَقَت جُمَيمَةً كانَت لِى، ودَخَلَت بى على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وفِى البَيتِ رِجالٌ ونِساءٌ فقالَت: هَؤُلاءِ أهلُكِ، فبارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكِ فيهِم، وبارَكَ لَهُم فيكِ. وقامَ الرِّجالُ والنِّساءُ وخَرَجوا، وبَنَى بى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٢٧ - وقد أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٩٥٧، ١٤٥٨٣).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه عقب (١٤٥٨٣).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٤١١، ٤١٢ دون موضع الشاهد. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٧٦٩)، وأبو داود (٤٩٣٧) من طريق محمد بن عمرو به مطولًا. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٢٨): حسن صحيح.","vol":"21","page":131},{"text":"صَفوانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن زيادِ بنِ أبى عُمَرَ، عن صالِحٍ أبى الخَليلِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بقَطعِ المَراجيحِ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ ضَعيفٍ مَوصولًا ولَيسَ بشَئٍ (^٢)، وكانَ أبو بُردَةَ وطَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ يَكرَهانِها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4345>بابُ ما جاءَ فى ذَمِّ المَلاهِى مِنَ المَعازِفِ والمَزاميِر ونَحوِها</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [لقمان: ٦].\n\n٢١٠٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عباسٌ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ مالكُ بنُ إسماعيلَ النَّهدِىُّ، عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى هذه الآيَةِ ﴿مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ قال: نَزَلَت فى الغِناءِ وأشباهِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (١١٠). وأخرجه أحمد فى العلل ومعرفة الرجال ٢/ ٢٥٩ (٢١٨٥) عن هشيم به. وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٥١٦) من طريق زياد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧٣٠١) من طريق صفوان بن عيسى عن زياد عن أبى الخيل عن عائشة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٧٨٦، ١٢٦٥)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٢٧)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٨/ ٥٣٥ من طرق عن عطاء به.","vol":"21","page":132},{"text":"ابنُ جابِرٍ، عن عَطيَّةَ بنِ قَيسٍ الكِلابِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ غَنمٍ الأشعَرِىِّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبو عامِرٍ أو أبو مالكٍ -واللَّهِ ما كَذَبَنِى- أنَّه سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيَكونَنَّ فى أُمَّتِى أقوامٌ يَستَحِلّونَ الحَريرَ والخَمرَ والمَعازِفَ، ولَيَنزِلَنَّ أقوامٌ إلَى جَنبِ عَلَمٍ تَروحُ عَلَيهِم سارِحَةٌ لَهُم، فيأتيهِم رَجُلٌ لِحاجَتِه، فيَقولونَ: ارجِعْ إلَينا غَدًا. فيُبَيِّتُهُمُ اللَّهُ، فيَضَعُ العَلَمَ ويَمسَخُ آخَرينَ قِرَدَةً وخَنازيرَ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\nأخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٣٠ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن حاتِمِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، عن مالكِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ غَنْمٍ الأشعَرِىَّ وفَدَ دِمَشقَ، فاجتَمَعَ إلَيه عِصابَةٌ مِنا فذَكَرنا الطَّلا (^٣)؛ فمِنّا المُرَخِّصُ فيه ومِنّا الكارِهُ له. قال: فأتَيتُه بعدَما خُضنا فيه، فقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ أبا مالكٍ الأشعَرِىَّ صاحِبَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يُحَدِّثُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لَيَشرَبَنَّ أُناسٌ مِن أُمَّتِى الخَمرَ، يُسَمّونَها بغَيرِ اسمِها، ويُضرَبُ على رُءوسِهِمُ المَعازِفُ والمُغَنّياتُ، يَخسِفُ اللَّهُ بهِمُ الأرضَ، ويَجعَلُ مِنهُمُ القِرَدَةَ والخَنازيرَ\" (^٤).\nولِهَذا شَواهِدُ مِن حَديثِ علىٍّ وعِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُسرٍ وسَهلِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٢٠). وتقدم تخريجه فى (٦١٦٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٥٩٠).\n(^٣) الطلا: هو ما طبخ من عصير العنب حتى ذهب ثلثاه. التاج ٣٨/ ٥٠٣ (ط ل ى).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٦١٥)، وفى الآداب (٨٢١). وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٧٤٥٩).","vol":"21","page":133},{"text":"سَعدٍ وأنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ وعائشَةَ -﵃- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^١).\n\n٢١٠٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يوسُفَ الزَّمِّىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ هو الجَزَرِىُّ، عن قَيسِ بنِ حَبْتَرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ حَرَّمَ عَلَيكُمُ الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والكُوبَةَ -وهو الطَّبلُ- وقالَ: كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٣٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن على بنِ بَذيمَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ حَبْتَرٍ قال: سألتُ ابنَ عباسٍ عن الجَرِّ، فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عبدِ القَيسِ، قال: ثُمَّ قال، يَعنِى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ علىَّ -أو: حَرَّمَ- الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والكُوبَةَ\". وقالَ: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". وقالَ سفيانُ قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ: ما الكوبَةُ؟ قال: الطَّبلُ (^٣). رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\"، عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ عن أبى أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ،\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ذم الملاهى لابن أبى الدنيا (١، ٢، ٥، ٦، ٧)، وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٧٤٥٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٨٢٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٦٢٥، ٣٢٧٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢١٦ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمرو به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٧٦)، وابن حبان (٥٣٦٥) من طريق أبى أحمد محمد بن عبد اللَّه الزبيرى به. وتقدم فى (١٧٥٠٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٦٩٦). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٤٣).","vol":"21","page":134},{"text":"أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن الخَمرِ والمَيسِرِ والكُوبَةِ والغُبَيراءِ (^١)، وقالَ: \"كُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\" (^٢).\nخالَفَه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ فى اسمِ مَن رَوَى عنه يَزيدُ بنُ أبى حَبيبٍ:\n\n٢١٠٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن عبدِ الحَميدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الوَليدِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن كَذَبَ علىَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فليَتَبَوّأْ مَقعَدَه مِنَ النّارِ\". ثُمَّ قال: إنَّ اللَّهَ ورسولَه حَرَّما الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والكُوبَةَ والغُبَيراءَ (^٣).\nوقالَ غَيرُه: عن عبدِ الحَميدِ، عن يَزيدَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عبدَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الغبيراء: هى نوع من الخمور يتخذ من الذرة. وهى خمر الحبش. ينظر النهاية ٢/ ٣٨٣.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥١٨. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٨٥) من طريق حماد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٣٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٩١) عن أبى عاصم به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٣٩٩) من طريق أبى عاصم به مقتصرًا على أوله.\n(^٤) ينظر المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٥١٩.","vol":"21","page":135},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ أو هُبَيرَةَ العَجلانِىِّ (^١)، عن مَولًى لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَرَجَ إلَيهِم ذاتَ يَومٍ وهُم فى المَسجِدِ، فقالَ: \"إنَّ رَبِّى حَرَّمَ علىَّ الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والكُوبَةَ والقِنِّينَ (^٢) \". والكُوبَةُ الطَّبلُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٣٦ - قال: وأنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ وابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الوَليدِ بنِ عبدَةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ وكانَ صاحِبَ رايَةِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال ذَلِكَ؛ قال: \"والغُبَيراءُ، وكُلُّ مُسكِرٍ حَرامٌ\". قال عمرُو بنُ الوَليدِ: وبَلَغَنِى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ مِثلَه، ولَم يَذكُرِ اللَّيثُ القِنّينَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسحاقَ السّالَحينِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ زَحْرٍ، عن بكرِ بنِ سَوادَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: ذكر أنه فى مسند ابن وهب عن أبى هبيرة الكحلانى، واللَّه أعلم. وكذا فى فتوح مصر لابن عبد الحكم ص ٢٥٨، وفى مسند أحمد (٦٦٠٨): الكلاعى.\n(^٢) القنين: بالكسر والتشديد: لعبة للروم يقامرون بها. وقيل: هو الطنبور بالحبشية. النهاية ٤/ ١١٦.\n(^٣) ابن وهب فى موطئه (٧٤). وأخرجه ابن عبد الحكم فى فتوح مصر ص ٢٥٨، وأحمد (٦٦٠٨) من طريق ابن لهيعة به بدون ذكر مولى عبد اللَّه بن عمرو.\n(^٤) ابن وهب فى موطئه (٧٥). وأخرجه ابن عبد الحكم فى فتوح مصر ص ٢٧٣ من طريق ابن لهيعة به.","vol":"21","page":136},{"text":"عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدِ بنِ عُبادَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ رَبِّى حَرَّمَ علىَّ الخَمرَ والمَيسِرَ والقِنّينَ والكُوبَةَ\" (^١). قال أبو زَكَريّا: القِنّينُ: العودُ.\n\n٢١٠٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو مُسهِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ واللَّفظُ له، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الغُدَانِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ قال: سَمِعَ ابنُ عُمَرَ مِزمارًا. قال: فوَضَعَ إصبَعَيه على أُذُنَيه، ونأى عن الطَّريقِ وقالَ لِى: يا نافِعُ هَل تَسمَعُ شَيئًا؟ قال: فقُلتُ: لا. قال: فرَفَعَ إصبَعَيه مِن أُذُنَيه وقالَ: كُنتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسَمِعَ مِثلَ هذا، فصَنَعَ مِثلَ هذا. وفِى رِوايَةِ القاضِى قال: كُنتُ أسيرُ مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ فسَمِعَ زَمرَ رِعاءٍ، فتَرَكَ الطَريقَ وجَعَلَ يقولُ: هَل تَسمَعُ؟ (^٢) قُلتُ: لا. ثُمَّ عارَضَ الطَّريقَ، ثُمَّ قال: هَكَذا رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فعَلَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا مُطعِمُ بنُ المِقدامِ، حدثنا نافِعٌ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٨١) عن يحيى بن إسحاق به. والطبرانى ١٨/ ٣٥٢ (٨٩٧)، وابن عبد الحكم فى فتوح مصر ص ٢٧٣ من طريق يحيى بن أيوب به.\n(^٢) بعده فى ص: \"هل تسمع\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٩٢٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٣٥، ٤٩٦٥)، وابن حبان (٦٩٣) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١١٦).","vol":"21","page":137},{"text":"كُنتُ رِدفَ ابنِ عُمَرَ إذ مَرَّ براعِى يَزمِرُ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^١).\n\n٢١٠٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو المَليحِ، عن مَيمونٍ، عن نافِعٍ قال: كُنّا مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ فسَمِعتُ صَوتَ مِزمارٍ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ الكوفِىِّ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: الدُّفُّ حَرامٌ، والمَعازِفُ حَرامٌ، والكُوبَةُ حَرامٌ، والمِزمارُ حَرامٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٤٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَجاءٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى سلمةَ، عن هِلالِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرٍو قال فى هذه الآيَةِ فى القُرآنِ ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٩٠] قال: هِىَ فى التَّوراةِ: إنَّ اللَّهَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٤٩٢٥). وأخرجه الآجرى فى تحريم النرد والشطرنج والملاهى (٦٥)، والطبرانى فى الصغير ١/ ١٣ من طريق محمود بن خالد به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١١٧): حسن صحيح الإسناد.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٩٢٦). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى المشكل (٥٢٣٧) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن جعفر الرقى به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٢٨). وسعيد بن منصور (١٧٢٣ - تفسير). وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١١٨): صحيح الإسناد.","vol":"21","page":138},{"text":"أنزَلَ الحَقَّ ليُذهِبَ به الباطِلَ، ويُبطِلَ به اللَّعِبَ والزَّفنَ (^١) والزِّمّاراتِ والمَزاهِرَ والكِنّاراتِ.\nزادَ ابنُ رَجاءٍ فى رِوايَتِه: والتَّصاويرَ والشِّعرَ والخَمرَ، فمَن طَعِمَها، أقسَمَ بيَمينِه وعِزَّتِه لَمَن شَرِبَها بعدَما حَرَّمتُها لأُعطِشَنَّه يَومَ القيامَةِ، ومَن تَرَكَها بعدَما حَرَّمتُها سَقَيتُه إيّاها مِن حَظيرَةِ القُدسِ (^٢).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه المَزاهِرُ واحِدُها مِزهَرٌ: وهو العودُ الَّذِى يُضرَبُ به، وأمّا الكِنّاراتُ فيُقالُ: إنَّها العيدانُ أيضًا، ويُقالُ: بَلِ الدُّفوفُ، وأمّا الكُوبَةُ يَعنِى المَذكورَةَ فى خَبَرٍ آخَرَ مَرفوعٍ، فإِنَّ محمدَ بنَ كَثيرٍ أخبرَنِى أن الكُوبَةَ النَّردُ فى كَلامِ أهلِ اليَمَنِ. وقالَ غَيرُه: الطَّبلُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ عن أبى مَودودٍ المَدَنِىِّ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن كَعبٍ قال: إنَّ فيما أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ على موسَى ﵇: إنّا أنزَلنا الحَقَّ لِنُبطِلَ به الباطِلَ، ونُبطِلَ به اللَّعِبَ والمَزاميرَ والكِنّاراتِ والشِّعرَ والخَمرَ. فأقسَمَ رَبِّى لا يَترُكُها عبدٌ خَشيَةً مِنِّى إلّا سَقَيتُه مِن حياضِ القُدسِ.\nقال زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ: سألتُ أبا مَودودٍ: ما المَزاميرُ؟ قال: الدُّفوفُ\n_________\n(^١) الزَّفْن: الرقص، وأصل الزفن: اللعب. اللسان ١٣/ ١٩٧ (ز ف ن).\n(^٢) يريد بحظيرة القدس: الجنة. النهاية ١/ ٤٠٤.\nوالأثر عند أبى عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٤/ ٢٧٦. وأخرجه الخطيب فى المتفق والمفترق ٣/ ٢٠١٥ (١٦٦٥) من طريق أبى النضر به. والآجرى فى تحريم النرد والشطرنج والملاهى (٦١)، والخطيب فى الموضح ٢/ ٥١٩ من طريق عبد العزيز بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) ينظر التخريج السابق.","vol":"21","page":139},{"text":"المُرَبَّعَةُ. فقُلتُ: ما الكِنّاراتُ؟ قال: الطَّنابيرُ.\n\n٢١٠٤٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ شَعثَمُ بنُ أُصَيلٍ العِجلِىُّ إملاءً بجَنجَرُوذَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا أبو مَودودٍ المَدَنِىُّ. فذَكَرَه مَعَ التَّفسيرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4346>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يُغَنِّى فيَتَّخِذُ الغِناءَ صِناعَةً؛ يُؤتَى عَلَيه ويأتِى له، ويَكونُ مَنسوبًا إلَيه مَشهورًا به مَعروفًا، أوِ المَرأةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ واحِدٍ مِنهُما؛ وذَلِكَ أنَّه مِنَ اللَّهوِ المَكروهِ الَّذِى يُشبِهُ الباطِلَ، فإِنَّ مَن صَنَعَ هذا كان مَنسوبًا إلَى السَّفَهِ وسَقاطَةِ المُروءَةِ، ومَن رَضِىَ هذا لِنَفسِه كان مُستَخِفًّا، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ مُحَرَّمًا بَيِّنَ التَّحريمِ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَكّارُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ القاضِى، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ عيسَى القاضِى، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الخَرّاطُ، عن عَمّارٍ الدُّهنِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبى الصَّهباءِ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [لقمان: ٦]. قال: هو واللَّهِ الغِناءُ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٣١)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤١١ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٢٦)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٨/ ٥٣٥ من طريق صفوان بن عيسى به.","vol":"21","page":140},{"text":"٢١٠٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ قال: هو الغِناءُ وأشباهُه (^١).\nورُوِّيناه عن مُجاهِدٍ وعِكرِمَةَ وإِبراهيمَ النَّخَعِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٤٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبيه، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ﴾ [النجم: ٦١] قال: هو الغِناءُ بالحِميَريَّةِ؛ اسمُدِى لَنا: تَغَنِّى لَنا (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ قالا: حدثنا غُندَرٌ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: الغِناءُ يُنبِتُ النِّفاقَ فى القَلبِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٤٨ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٢٧). وتقدم فى (٢١٠٢٨).\n(^٢) ينظر تفسير ابن جرير ١٨/ ٥٣٦ - ٥٣٨، وذم الملاهى لابن أبى الدنيا (٢٨، ٢٩).\n(^٣) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٣٣). وأخرجه أبو عبيد فى فضائل القرآن ص ٢٠٥، والبزار (٢٢٦٤ - كشف) وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٢/ ٩٧، ٩٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٥٠٩٨)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٣١، ٣٤). وأخرجه المروزى فى تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٦٨٠) من طريق غندر به.","vol":"21","page":141},{"text":"أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ كَعبٍ المُرادِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: الغِناءُ يُنبِتُ النِّفاقَ فى القَلبِ كما يُنبِتُ الماءُ الزَّرعَ، والذِّكرُ يُنبِتُ الإيمانَ فى القَلبِ كما يُنبِتُ الماءُ الزَّرعَ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٤٩ - وأخبرَنا ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حَدَّثَنِى عِصمَةُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَرَمِىُّ بنُ عُمارَةَ، حدثنا سَلَّامُ بنُ مِسكينٍ، حدثنا شَيخٌ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الغِناءُ يُنبِتُ النِّفاقَ فى القَلبِ كما يُنبِتُ الماءُ البَقلَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ الماجِشونَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: مَرَّ ابنُ عُمَرَ بجاريَةٍ صَغيرَةٍ تُغنِّى فقالَ: لَو تَرَكَ الشَّيطانُ أحَدًا تَرَكَ هَذِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ الحارِثِ، أنَّ بُكَيرَ بنَ الأشَجِّ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أُمَّ عَلقَمَةَ مَولاةَ عائشةَ أخبَرَته أنَّ بَناتِ أخِى عائشةَ -﵂- خُفِضنَ فأُلِمنَ ذَلِكَ، فقيلَ لِعائشَةَ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، ألا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٣٠).\n(^٢) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٤١). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٩٢٧) من طريق سلام بن مسكين به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٥٢).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٥١٠٢)، وابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٤٥). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب =","vol":"21","page":142},{"text":"نَدعو لَهُنَّ مَن يُلهيهِنَّ؟ قالَت: بَلَى. قالَت: فأُرسِلَ إلَى فُلانٍ المُغَنِّى فأتاهُم، فمَرَّت به عائشَةُ -﵂- فى البَيتِ، فرأته يَتَغَنَّى ويُحَرِّكُ رأسَه طَرَبًا، وكانَ ذا شَعرٍ كَثيرٍ، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: أُفٍّ! شَيطانٌ، أخرِجوه، أخرِجوه. فأخرَجوه (^١).\n\n٢١٠٥٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ صَفوانَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى الدُّنيا، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وأبو خَيثَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سألَ إنسانٌ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ عن الغِناءِ، فقالَ: أنهاكَ عنه وأكرَهُه. قال: أحَرامٌ هوَ؟ قال: انظُرْ يا ابنَ أخِى إذا مَيَّزَ اللَّهُ الحَقَّ مِنَ الباطِلِ فى أيِّهِما يَجعَلُ الغِناءَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4347>بابُ الرَّجُلِ لا يَنسِبُ نَفسَه إلَى الغِناءِ، ولا يُؤتَى لِذَلِكَ ولا يأتِى عَلَيه، وإِنَّما يُعرَفُ بأنَّه يَطرِبُ فى الحالِ، فيَتَرَنَّمُ فيها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَم يُسقِطْ هذا شَهادَتَه، وكَذَلِكَ المَرأةُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو (^٤) قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ (^٥) أبو بكرٍ -﵁- وعِندِى جاريَتانِ مِن جَوارِى الأنصارِ تُغَنّيانِ بما تَقاوَلَتِ\n_________\n= المفرد (٧٨٤) من طريق الماجشون به.\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٤٧) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) ابن أبى الدنيا فى ذم الملاهى (٤٦).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٩.\n(^٤) فى م: \"عمر\".\n(^٥) بعده فى س: \"أبى\".","vol":"21","page":143},{"text":"الأنصارُ يَومَ بُعاثٍ -أو بُغاثٍ، شَكَّ الحارِثِىُّ- قالَت: ولَيسَتا بمُغَنّيَتَينِ. فقالَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁-: أمَزمورُ الشَّيطانِ فى بَيتِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؟ وذَلِكَ يَومُ عيدٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أبا بكرٍ، إنَّ لِكُلِّ قَومٍ عيدًا، وهَذا عيدُنا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، كِلاهُما عن أبى أُسامَةَ، وقالا: يَومَ بُعاثٍ. مِن غَيرِ شَكٍّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أن أبا بكرٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيها وعِندَها جاريَتانِ فى أيّامِ مِنًى تُغَنّيانِ وتُدَفِّفانِ وتَضرِبانِ، ورسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ- مُتَغَشٍّ بثَوبِه، فانتَهَرَهُنَّ أبو بكرٍ، فكَشَفَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن وجهِه، وقالَ: \"دَعْهُما يا أبا بكرٍ، فإِنَّها أيّامُ عيدٍ، وتِلكَ أيّامُ مِنًى\". ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالمَدينَةِ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَستُرُنِى بثَوبِه وأنا أنظُرُ إلَى الحَبَشَةِ وهُم يَلعَبونَ فى المَسجِدِ وأنا جاريَةٌ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٣٥)، وفى الشعب (٥١١٠، ٥١١١). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٢٦٤٥) عن أحمد بن عبد الحميد به. وابن ماجه (١٨٩٨)، وابن حبان (٥٨٧٧) من طريق أبى أسامة به. وأحمد (٢٤٦٨٢) من طريق هشام به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٩٥٢)، ومسلم (٨٩٢/ ١٦).\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٦٥٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٩٨٧، ٣٥٢٩)، ومسلم (٨٩٢/ ١٧).","vol":"21","page":144},{"text":"٢١٠٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: قال السّائبُ بنُ يَزيدَ: بَينا نَحنُ مَعَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ فى طَريقِ الحَجِّ ونَحنُ نَؤُمُّ مَكَّةَ، اعتَزَلَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ -﵁- الطَّريقَ ثُمَّ قال لِرَباحِ بنِ المُغتَرِفِ: غَنِّنا يا أبا حَسّانَ. وكانَ يُحسِنُ النَّصْبَ، فبَينا رَباحٌ يُغَنّيهِم أدرَكَهُم عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فى خِلافَتِه فقالَ: ما هَذا؟ فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: ما بأسٌ بهَذا، نَلهو ونُقَصِّرُ عَنّا. فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: فإِن كُنتَ آخِذًا فعَلَيكَ بشِعرِ ضِرارِ بنِ الخطابِ. وضِرارٌ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى مُحارِبِ بنِ فِهرٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: والنَّصْبُ ضَربٌ مِن أغانِى الأعرابِ، وهو يُشبِهُ الحُداءَ. قالَه أبو عُبَيدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ.\nوروّينا فيه قِصَّةً أُخرَى عن خَوّاتِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ عن عُمَرَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وأبِى عُبَيدَةَ ابنِ الجَرّاحِ -﵃- فى كِتابِ الحَجِّ (^٢) قال فيها خَوّاتٌ: فما زِلتُ أُغَنّيهِم حَتَّى إذا كان السَّحَرُ.\n\n٢١٠٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٢٤/ ٤٠٠ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٩٢٥٨).","vol":"21","page":145},{"text":"رأيتُ أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ -﵁- جالِسًا فى المَجلِسِ، رافِعًا إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى رافِعًا عَقيرَتَه. قال: حَسِبتُه قال: يَتَغَنَّى النَّصْبَ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أنَّ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نَوفَلٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه رأى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ فى مَسجِدِ الرَّسولِ -ﷺ- مُضطَجِعًا رافِعًا إحدَى رِجلَيه على الأُخرَى يَتَغَنَّى بالنَّصْبِ (^٢). وهَكَذا قالَه يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ وغَيرُه عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٣).\nقال مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ: والحَديثُ كما قال القَومُ غَيرَ مَعمَرٍ.\n\n٢١٠٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا بشرٌ، عن أبيه، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ أنَّه حَدَّثَه مَن لا يُتَّهَمُ، أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا مَسعودٍ عُقبَةَ بنَ عمرٍو الأنصارِىَّ وكانَ قَد شَهِدَ بَدرًا، وهو جَدُّ زَيدِ بنِ حَسَنٍ أبو أُمِّه، قال سُلَيمانُ: فأخبَرَنِى مَن سَمِعَه وهو على راحِلَتِه وهو أميرُ الجَيشِ رافِعًا عَقيرَتَه يَتَغَنَّى النَّصْبَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٣٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه الباغندى فى مسند عمر بن عبد العزيز ص ١٣٣ (٦٥) من طريق بشر بن شعيب به.\n(^٣) هشام بن عمار فى جزئه (٧٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٤٠/ ٥١٩ من طريق المصنف به.","vol":"21","page":146},{"text":"٢١٠٥٩ - وعن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ [بنِ مسعودٍ] (^١)، أن أباه أخبَرَه أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الأرقَمِ رافِعًا عَقيرَتَه يَتَغَنَّى. قال عبدُ اللَّهِ، ولا واللَّه ما رأيتُ رَجُلًا قَطُّ مِمَّن رأيتُ وأدرَكتُ -أُراه قال- كان أخشَى للَّهِ مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الأرقَمِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن وهبِ بنِ كَيسانَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وكانَ مُتَّكِئًا: تَغَنَّى بلالٌ. قال: فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: تَغَنَّى؟! فاستَوَى جالِسًا، ثُمَّ قال: وأىُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ لَم أسمَعْه يَتَغَنَّى النَّصْبَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ التَّميمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ رَجاءٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو عاصمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: سألتُ عَطاءً عن الغِناءِ بالشِّعرِ فقالَ: لا أرَى به بأسًا ما لَم يَكُنْ فُحشًا (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4348>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَّخِذُ الغُلامَ والجاريَةَ المُغَنّيَيِن ويَجمَعُ عَلَيهِما ويُغَنّيانِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فهَذا سَفَهٌ تُرَدُّ به شَهادَتُه، وهو فى الجاريَةِ أكثَرُ؛ مِن قِبَلِ أنَّ فيه سَفَهًا ودِياثَةً (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: نسخة المصنف.\n(^٢) أخرجه المزى فى تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٣٠٢ من طريق يونس بن يزيد عن الزهرى به.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٤١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٤١٢٥) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٩.","vol":"21","page":147},{"text":"٢١٠٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ [لقمان: ٦] قال: هو اشتِراؤُه المُغَنِّىَ والمُغَنّيَةَ بالمالِ الكَثيرِ. والاستِماعُ إلَيه وإِلَى مِثلِه مِنَ الباطِلِ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ العامِرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن شَقيقٍ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ -يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ- قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أحَدٌ أغيَرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ؛ ولِذَلِكَ حَرَّمَ الفَواحِشَ، وما أحَدٌ أحَبَّ إلَيه المَدحُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، أنَّ أبا سلمةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّ أبا هريرةَ حَدَّثَه، أنَّه سَمِعَ\n_________\n(^١) تفسير مجاهد ص ٥٤١. وأخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٨/ ٥٣٧ من طريق ورقاء به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (١٠٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٠٤٤) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٧٦٠/ ٣٣)، والبخارى (٥٢٢٠، ٧٤٠٣).","vol":"21","page":148},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَربُ بنُ شَدّادٍ، عن يَحيَى، عن أبى سلمةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يَغارُ، وإِنَّ المُؤمِنَ يَغارُ، وغَيرَةُ اللَّهِ أن يأتِىَ المُؤمِنُ ما حَرَّمَ عَلَيه\". وفِى رِوايَةِ هَمّامٍ: \"ومِن غَيرَةِ اللَّهِ أن يأتِىَ المُؤمِنُ الفاحِشَةَ التى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى موسَى عن أبى داودَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٦٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الغَيرَةَ مِنَ الإيمانِ، وإِنَّ المِذاءَ مِنَ النِّفاقِ\". والمِذاءُ الدَّيّوثُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٦٦ - ورَواه أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ سَلّامٍ عن غَيرِ واحِدٍ عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ هَكَذا مُرسَلًا دونَ قَولِه: والمِذاءُ الدَّيّوثُ. قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: المِذاءُ أُخِذَ مِنَ المَذىِ؛ يَعنِى أن يَجمَعَ بَينَ الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ، ثُمَّ يُخَلّيَهِم يُماذِى بَعضُهُم بَعضًا مِذاءً. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الأسماء والصفات (١٠١٠)، والطيالسى (٢٤٧٩). ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٧٣٥). وأخرجه الترمذى (١١٦٨)، وابن حبان (٢٩٣) من طرق عن يحيى بن أبى كثير به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢٢٢)، ومسلم (٢٧٦١).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (١٠٧٩٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٥٢١).","vol":"21","page":149},{"text":"السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَناه غَيرُ واحِدٍ، عن داودَ بنِ قَيسٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: ورَواه غَيرُهُما عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مَوصولًا (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ أبو بكرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا مُكرَمُ بنُ أحمدَ القاضِى ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أيّوبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ الأعرَجِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سالِمَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ، عن أبيه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"ثَلَاثَةٌ لا يَدخُلونَ الجَنَّةَ؛ العاقُّ والِدَيه، والدَّيّوثُ، ورَجُلَةُ النِّساءِ (^٣) \".\nتابَعَه عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٢/ ٢٦٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه المروزى فى تعظيم قدر الصلاة (٤٩٠) من طريق زيد بن أسلم به.\n(^٣) الرجلة من النساء: بمعنى المترجلة، ويقال: امرأة رجلة إذا تشبهت بالرجال فى الرأى والمعرفة. النهاية ٢/ ٢٠٣.\nوالأثر عند الحاكم ١/ ٧٢. وقال: حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه، ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه ابن خزيمة فى كتاب التوحيد (٥٧٨) من طريق أيوب بن سليمان به. وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٣٠٠ - مسند على) من طريق أبى بكر ابن أبى أويس به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦١٨٠)، والنسائى (٢٥٦١) من طريق عمر بن محمد به.","vol":"21","page":150},{"text":"٢١٠٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ هِشامِ بنِ بَهرامَ المَدائنِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ لاحِقٍ، عن عاصِمٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى الحَسَنِ فقالَ له: يا أبا سعيدٍ، إنَّ لِى جاريَةً حَسَنَةَ الصَوتِ، لَو عَلَّمتُها الغِناءَ لَعَلِّى آخُذُ بها مِن مالِ هَؤُلاءِ. قال الحَسَنُ: إنَّ إسماعيلَ كان يأمُرُ أهلَه بالصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ وكانَ عِندَ ربِّه مَرضيًّا. فأعادَ عَلَيه الرَّجُلُ القَولَ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يقولُ له الحَسَنُ: إنَّ إسماعيلَ كان يأمُرُ أهلَه بالصَّلاةِ والزَّكاةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4349>بابُ مَن رَخَّصَ فى الرَّقصِ إذا لَم يَكُنْ فيه تَكَسُّرٌ وتَخَنُّثٌ</span>\n\n٢١٠٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ خُشيشٍ المُقرِئُ بالكوفَةِ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمِ بنِ أبى غَرَزَةَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن هانِئِ بنِ هانِئٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أتَينا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنا وجَعفَرٌ وزيدٌ، فقالَ لِزَيدٍ: \"أنتَ أخونا ومَولانا\". فحَجَلَ، وقالَ لِجَعفَرٍ: \"أشبَهتَ خَلْقِى وخُلُقِى\". فَحَجَلَ وراءَ حَجلِ زَيدٍ، ثُمَّ قال لِى: \"أنتَ مِنِّى وأنا مِنكَ\". فحَجَلتُ وراءَ حَجلِ جَحفَرٍ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: هانِئُ بنُ هانِئٍ لَيسَ بالمَعروفِ جِدًّا (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البزار (٧٤٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وأحمد (٨٥٧) من طريق إسرائيل به، وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٨٦٦).\n(^٢) هو هانئ بن هانئ الهمدانى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٨/ ٢٢٩، والجرح =","vol":"21","page":151},{"text":"وفِى هذا -إن صَحَّ- دِلالَةٌ على جَوازِ الحَجلِ، وهو أن يَرفَعَ رِجلًا ويَقفِزَ على الأُخرَى مِنَ الفَرَحِ، فالرَّقصُ الَّذِى يَكونُ على مِثالِه يَكونُ مِثلَه فى الجَوازِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4350>بابٌ: لا بأسَ باستِماعِ الحُداءِ ونَشيدِ الأعرابِ، كَثُرَ أو قَلَّ</span>\n\n٢١٠٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ مَيسَرَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه قال: أردَفَنِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"هَل مَعَكَ مِن شِعرِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ أبى الصَّلتِ شَئٌ؟ \". قال: قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَ: \"هِيهْ\". قال: فأنشَدتُه بَيتًا فقالَ: \"هِيهْ\". قال: فأنشَدتُه حَتَّى بَلَغتُ مِائَةَ بَيتٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٧١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ\n_________\n= والتعديل ٩/ ١٠١، والثقات لابن حبان ٥/ ٥٠٥، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٠/ ١٤٥. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣١٥: مستور.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٦٤). والشافعى ٦/ ٢٠٩، ٢١٠. وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٧٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٨٣٦)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨٢) من طرق عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٥٥/ ١).","vol":"21","page":152},{"text":"القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الثَّقَفِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ الشَّريدِ، عن أبيه قال: أنشَدتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- مِائَةَ قافيَةٍ مِن قَولِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ أبى الصَّلتِ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يقولُ: \"هِيهْ، هِيهْ\". ثُمَّ قال: \"إن كادَ فى شِعرِه لَيُسلِمُ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ المُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وسَمِعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الحُداءَ والرَّجَزَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ وأيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى سَفَرٍ، وكانَ غُلامٌ يُقالُ له: أنجَشَةُ، يَحدو لَهُم ويَسوقُ بهِم، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ويحَكَ يا أنجَشَةُ، روَيدًا سَوقَكَ بالقَواريرِ\". قال أيّوبُ عن أبى قِلابَةَ: يَعنِى النِّساءَ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٣٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٥٧) عن أبى أحمد به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٦٩)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٥٨)، والترمذى فى الشمائل (٢٤٠) من طرق عن عبد اللَّه بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٢٥٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٦٥).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٧٧)، وابن حبان (٥٨٠٣) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٣٥٩) من طريق حماد بن زيد عن أيوب به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٨٨٦).","vol":"21","page":153},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ وغَيرِه عن حَمّادٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن أنَسٍ، أن حاديًا لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كان يُقالُ له: أنجَشَةُ. وكانَ حَسَنَ الصَّوتِ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"روَيدَكَ يا أنجَشَةُ، لا تَكسِرِ القَواريرَ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ هَمّامٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان أنجَشَةُ يَحدو بالنِّساءِ، وكانَ البَراءُ بنُ مالكٍ يَحدو بالرِّجالِ، وكانَ أنجَشَةُ حَسَنَ الصَوتِ؛ كان إذا حَدا أعنَقَتِ (^٤) الإبِلُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ويحَكَ يا أنجَشَةُ، روَيدَكَ سَوقَكَ بالقَواريرِ\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٢١٠)، ومسلم (٢٣٢٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٤٢) عن عفان به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٣٦١)، وابن حبان (٥٨٠١) من طريق همام به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٢١١)، ومسلم (٢٣٢٣/ ٧٣).\n(^٤) أعنقت: أى أسرعت. ينظر التاج ٢٦/ ٢٢٢ (ع ن ق).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٣٧)، والطيالسى (٢١٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٦٧٠)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٢٦٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"21","page":154},{"text":"الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا حاتِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ مَولَى سَلَمَةَ، عن سَلَمَةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: خَرَجنا مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى خَيبَرَ. قال: فسِرْنا لَيلًا، فقالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَومِ لِعامِرِ بنِ الأكوَعِ: ألا تُسمِعُنا مِن هُنَيهاتِكَ (^١)؟ وكانَ عامِرٌ رَجُلًا شاعِرًا، فنَزَلَ يَحدو بالقَومِ يقولُ:\nاللَّهُمَّ لَولا أنتَ ما اهتَدَينا ... ولا تَصَدَّقنا ولا صَلَّينا\nفاغفِرْ فَدًى (^٢) لَكَ ما اقتَفَينا ... وثَبِّتِ الأقدامَ إن لاقَينا\nوألقيَن سَكينَةً عَلَينا ... إنّا إذا صيحَ بنا أبَينا (^٣)\nوبِالصّياحِ عَوَّلوا عَلَينا\nفقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن هذا السّائقُ؟ \". فقالوا: عامِرُ بنُ الأكوَعِ. قال: \"يَرحَمُه اللَّهُ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عَبّادٍ (^٥)، ورَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن حاتِمٍ (^٦).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأمَرَ ابنَ رَواحَةَ فى سَفَرٍ فقالَ: \"حَرِّكْ بالقَومِ\".\n_________\n(^١) هنيهاتك: على قلب الياء هاء فى: هنيّاتك؛ أى كلماتك أو أراجيزك. النهاية ٥/ ٢٧٩.\n(^٢) فى م: \"فداء\". قال القرطبى: \"بكسر الفاء والمد، وقد رواه بعضهم بفتح الفاء والمد، وحكى الفراء فَدًى مفتوحًا مقصورًا\". المفهم ٣/ ٦٦٤.\n(^٣) فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"أتينا\". وقال القرطبى: \"أبينا من الإباء وأتينا من الإتيان، الروايتان صحيحتان\". المفهم ٣/ ٦٦٤.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥١١) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٨٠٢/ ١٢٣).\n(^٦) البخارى (٤١٩٦، ٦١٤٨)، ومسلم (١٨٠٢/ ١٢٣).","vol":"21","page":155},{"text":"فاندَفَعَ يَرجُزُ (^١).\n\n٢١٠٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الوَرّاقُ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ علىٍّ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن قَيسِ بنِ أبى حازِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رَواحَةَ أنَّه كان مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى مَسيرٍ له فقالَ له: \"يا ابنَ رَواحَةَ، انزِلْ فحَرِّكِ الرِّكابَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد تَرَكتُ ذَلِكَ. فقالَ له عُمَرُ: اسمَعْ وأطِعْ. قال: فرَمَى بنَفسِه وقالَ:\nواللَّهِ لَولا أنتَ ما اهتَدَينا ... وما تَصَدَّقنا ولا صَلَّينا\nفأنزِلَنْ سَكينَةً عَلَينا ... وثَبِّتِ الأقدامَ إن لاقَينا (^٢)\n\n٢١٠٧٨ - أخبرَنا [أبو الحَسَنِ] (^٣) محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ السَّليطِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ، وابنُ رَواحَةَ آخِذٌ بغَرزِه وهو يقولُ:\nخَلّوا بَنِى الكُفّارِ عن سَبيلِه ... اليَومَ نَضرِبْكُم على تَنزيلِه\nضَربًا يُزيلُ الهامَ عن مَقيلِه (^٤) ... ويُذهِلُ الخَليلَ عن خَليلِه\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٦٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٨٢٥١، ١٠٣٦٦) عن أحمد بن عبيد اللَّه الوراق به.\n(^٣) كتب فوقه فى نسخة المصنف: \"السيد\".\n(^٤) مقيله: أى موضعه. ينظر اللسان ١١/ ٥٧٢ (ق ى ل).","vol":"21","page":156},{"text":"يا رَبِّ إنِّى مُؤمِنٌ بقِيلِهِ (^١)\n\n٢١٠٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عُمَرَ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القاضِى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ أيّوبَ أبو القاسِمِ اللَّخمِىُّ بأصبَهانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى سوَيدٍ الشِّبامِىُّ سنةَ ثَمانٍ وسَبعينَ ومِائَتَينِ بمَدينَةِ شِبامَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أنَسٍ قال: لَمّا دَخَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ فى عُمرَةِ القَضاءِ مَشَى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ رَواحَةَ بَينَ يَدَيه وهو يقولُ:\nخَلّوا بَنِى الكُفّارِ عن سَبيلِه ... قَد نَزَّلَ الرَّحمَنُ فى تَنزيلِه\nبأنَّ خَيرَ القَتلِ فى سَبيلِه ... نَحنُ قاتَلناكُم على تأويلِه\nكما قاتَلناكُم على تَنزيلِهِ (^٢)\n\n٢١٠٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا قَطَنُ بنُ نُسَيْرٍ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا ثابِتٌ -قال قَطَنٌ: أحسِبُه عن أنَسٍ- قال: دَخَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَكَّةَ، فقامَ أهلُها سِماطَينِ (^٣) يَنظُرونَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وإِلَى أصحابِه، قال: وابنُ رَواحَةَ يَمشِى بَينَ يَدَىْ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ ابنُ رَواحَةَ:\nخَلّوا بَنِى الكُفّارِ عن سَبيلِه ... فاليَومَ نَضرِبْكُم على تَنزيلِه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى عقب (٤٣٣٧)، وفى الدلائل ٤/ ٣٢٢، ٣٢٣. وأخرجه البزار (٦٣٠١)، وأبو يعلى (٣٥٧١، ٣٥٧٩)، وابن حبان (٤٥٢١) من طرق عن عبد الرزاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٢٨/ ١٠١ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) سماطين: أى صفين. التاج ١٩/ ٣٨٥١ (س م ط).","vol":"21","page":157},{"text":"ضَربًا يُزيلُ الهامَ عن مَقيلِه ... ويُذهِلُ الخَليلَ عن خَليلِه\nيا ربِّ إنِّى مُؤمِنٌ بقيلِه\nفقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: يا ابنَ رَواحَةَ، أفِى حَرَمِ اللَّهِ وبَينَ يَدَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- تَقولُ الشِّعرَ؟! فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَهْ يا عُمَرُ، فوالَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه، لَكَلامُه هذا أشَدُّ عَلَيهِم مِن وقعِ النَّبلِ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأدرَكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَكبًا مِن بَنِى تَميمٍ ومَعَهُم حادٍ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى القِصَّةِ التى:\n\n٢١٠٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزَّازُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرٍو، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَسيرُ إلَى الشّامِ، فسَمِعَ حاديًا مِنَ اللَّيلِ فقالَ: \"أسرِعوا بنا إلَى هذا الحادِى\". قال: فأسرَعوا حَتَّى أدرَكوه فسَلَّمَ، فقالَ: \"مَنِ القَومُ؟ \". قالوا: مُضَرُ. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ونَحنُ مِن مُضَرَ\". قال: فبَلَغَ تِلكَ اللَّيلَةَ بالنِّسبَةِ إلَى مُضَرَ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا أوَّلُ مَن حَدا الإبِلَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ. قال: \"وكَيفَ ذاكَ؟ \" قال: أغارَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا على إبِلٍ فاستاقَها، فجَعَلَ يقولُ لِغُلامِه أو لأجيرِه: اجمَعْها. فيأبَى، فجَعَلَتِ الإبِلُ تَفَرَّقُ، فضَرَبَه وكَسَرَ يَدَه، فجَعَلَ الغُلامُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٥٧١. وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٨٤٧)، والنسائى (٢٨٧٣)، وابن خزيمة (٢٦٨٠)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨٨) من طريق جعفر بن سليمان به.","vol":"21","page":158},{"text":"يقولُ: وايَداه وايَداه. فجَعَلَتِ الإبِلُ تَجتَمِعُ، وهو يقولُ: قُلْ: كَذا. قال: فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَضحَكُ. قال سُفيانُ: وزادَ فيه العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الكَريمِ عن مُجاهِدٍ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ حاديَنا ونَى (^١) \".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4351>بابُ تَحسيِن الصَّوتِ بالقُرآنِ والذِّكرِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"ما أَذِنَ اللَّه لِشَئٍ أذَنَه لِنَبِىٍّ حَسَنِ التَّرَنُّمِ بالقُرآنِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ يَعنِى ابنَ حَمزَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى حازِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ يَعنِى ابنَ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سَلَمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ، سَمِعَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"ما أذِنَ اللَّه لِشَئٍ ما أذِنَ لِنَبِىٍّ حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ بالقُرآنِ يَجهَرُ به\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَمزَةَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ الهادِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الونى: الضعف والفتور والكلال والإعياء. التاج ٤٠/ ٢٥٧ (ون ى).\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٦٦). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ١/ ٢١ من طريق الفضل بن دكين عن العلاء بن عبد الكريم به.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢١٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى فى خلق أفعال العباد (١٨٦) عن إبراهيم بن حمزة به. والنسائى (١٠١٦) من طريق ابن أبى حازم به. وتقدم فى (٢٤٦٤، ٤٧٧١).\n(^٤) البخارى (٧٥٤٤)، ومسلم (٧٩٢).","vol":"21","page":159},{"text":"عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن عُقَيلٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه أخبَرَه أبو سَلَمَةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّه كان يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أذِنَ اللَّهُ لِشَئٍ ما أذِنَ لِنَبِىٍّ يَتَغَنَّى بالقُرآنِ\". وقالَ صاحِبٌ له: زادَ: \"يَجهَرُ به\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٨٤ - وقالَ يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ فى رِوايَتِه عن ابنِ شِهابٍ: \"ما أذِنَ اللَّهُ لِشَئٍ كأذَنِه لِنَبِىٍّ يَتَغَنَّى بالقُرآنِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أنَّ أبا سلمةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أخبَرَه عن أبى هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ. فذَكَرَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٤).\nوالمَحفوظُ فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ: \"كأذَنِه\". وبَعضُهُم يقولُ: \"كإذنِهِ\".\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ فى قَولِه: \"كأذَنِه\" يَعنِى: ما استَمَعَ اللَّهُ لِشَئٍ كاستِماعِه لِنَبِىٍّ يَتَغَنَى بالقُرآنِ. ولَم يَرضَ رِوايَةَ مَن رَوَى \"كإذنِه\". قال: وقَولُه: \"يَتَغَنَّى بالقُرآنِ\". إنَّما مَذهَبُه عِندَنا تَحزينُ القِراءَةِ. قال: ومِن ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٥٣٣) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم فى (٢٤٦٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٧٤٨٢)، ومسلم (٧٩٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٣٠٢) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٩٢).","vol":"21","page":160},{"text":"حَديثُه الآخَرُ (^١).\nيَعنِى ما:\n\n٢١٠٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى إياسٍ مُعاويَةَ بنِ قُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُغَفَّلِ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ قرأ سورَةَ الفَتحِ فرَجَّعَ، قال: وقَرأ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُغَفَّلِ فرَجَّعَ، قال: وقَرأ أبو إياسٍ وقالَ: لَولا أنِّى أخشَى أن يَجتَمِعَ علىَّ النّاسُ لَقَرأتُ بذَلِكَ اللَّحْنِ الَّذِى قرأ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ شُعبَةَ (^٣).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وهو تأويلُ قَولِه: \"زَيِّنوا القُرآنَ بأصواتِكُم\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٨٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الرزازُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الجُشَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ نُمَيرٍ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ الأعمَشُ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءَ بنِ عازِب قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"زَيِّنوا القُرآنَ بأصواتِكُم\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٨٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٣٨ - ١٤٠.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٤٦٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٨٣٥)، ومسلم (٧٩٤).\n(^٤) غريب الحديث ٢/ ١٤١.\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٧٠٩) عن ابن نمير به. وتقدم فى (٢٤٦٢).","vol":"21","page":161},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ومَلائكَتَه يُصَلُّونَ على الصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ\". قال: وحَسِبتُ أنَّه قال: \"وزَيِّنوا القُرآنَ بأصواتِكُم\" (^١). هذا حَديثٌ طَويلٌ قَد رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، إلَّا أن عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عَوسَجَةَ كان يَشُكُّ فى هذه اللَّفظَةِ، وقالَ فى رِوايَةِ شُعبَةَ عن طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ عنه: كُنتُ نَسِيتُ هذه الكَلِمَةَ حَتَّى ذَكَّرَنيها الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مُزاحِمٍ (^٢). واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٠٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ (^٣) عبدُ الباقِى بنُ قانِعٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ المُنذِرِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سَلَمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ عن أبى عاصِمٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٥). والجَماعَةُ عن الزُّهرِىِّ إنَّما رَوَوه باللَّفظِ الَّذِى نَقَلناه فى أوَّلِ هذا البابِ، وبِذَلِكَ اللَّفظِ رَواه يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىُّ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عمرٍو عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه بتمامه ابن خزيمة (١٥٥٦) من طريق جرير به. والحاكم ١/ ٥٧١ من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب به مقتصرًا على آخره. والبخارى فى خلق افعال العباد (١٩٧) من طريق جربر به مقتصرًا على آخره، وتقدم أوله فى (٥٢٦٢).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٤٦٣).\n(^٣) فى م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٤١)، وفى المعرفة (٥٩٦٨). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح مشكل الآثار (١٣١٠) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٧٥٢٧).","vol":"21","page":162},{"text":"سلمةَ (^١)، وهَذا اللَّفظُ إنَّما يُعرَفُ مِن حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ وغَيرِه، إلَّا أنَّ الَّذِى رَواه عن الزُّهرِىِّ بهَذا اللَّفظِ حافِظٌ إمامٌ، فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونا جَميعًا مَحفوظَينِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ:\n\n٢١٠٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ والفَضلُ بنُ عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَهيكٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ -﵁-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ وعَلِىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ قالا: أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَهيكٍ -عن سَعدٍ- قال: أتَيتُه فسألَنِى: مَن أنتَ؟ فأخبَرتُه عن كَسبِى. فقالَ سَعدٌ: تُجّارٌ كَسَبَةٌ؛ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ\". قال سفيانُ: يَعنِى يَستَغنِى بهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٠٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مسلم (٧٩٣/ ٢٣٤) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير. وتقدم فى (٢١٠٨٢) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم. وأخرجه أحمد (٩٨٠٥)، ومسلم (٧٩٢) من طريق محمد بن عمرو.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (١٤٦٩) من طريق أبى الوليد الطيالسى به. وأحمد (١٥١٢)، وابن حبان (١٢٠) من طريق الليث به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٣٠٤).\n(^٣) الحاكم ١/ ٥٦٩، والحميدى (٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٩)، وأبو داود (١٤٧٠) من طريق سفيان ابن عيينة به.","vol":"21","page":163},{"text":"يَعقوبَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الرَّبيعَ بنَ سُلَيمانَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ: لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ. فقالَ له رَجُلٌ: يَستَغنِى به؟ فقالَ: لا، لَيسَ هذا مَعناه؛ مَعناه يَقرَؤُه حَدْرًا وتَحزينًا (^١).\n\n٢١٠٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الجَبّارِ بنُ وَرْدٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ يقولُ: قال عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ: سَمِعتُ أبا لُبابَةَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لَيسَ مِنّا مَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ بالقُرآنِ\". قُلتُ لابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ: يا أبا محمدٍ، أرأيتَ إذا لَم يَكُنْ حَسَنَ الصَّوتِ؟ قال: يُحَسِّنُه ما استَطاعَ (^٢).\nهذا حَديثٌ مُختَلَفٌ فى إسنادِه على ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، فرُوِىَ عنه مِن هَذَينِ الوَجهَينِ، وقيلَ: عنه عن ابنِ عباسٍ (^٣). وقيلَ: عنه عن (^٤) عائشةَ. وقيلَ عنه غَيرُ (^٥) ذَلِكَ.\nوقَولُ ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ فى هذا الحديثِ يُؤَكِّدُ صِحَّةَ تأويلِ الشّافِعِىِّ ﵀.\n\n٢١٠٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٦٩).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢٤٦٥).\n(^٣) رواه الحاكم ١/ ٥٧٠.\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"وعن\". وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\".\n(^٥) فى م: \"وغير\".","vol":"21","page":164},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أنبأنا أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى المُهاجِرِ، عن فَضالَةَ بنِ عُبَيدٍ الأنصارِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"للَّهُ أشدُّ أذَنًا لِلرَّجُلِ الحَسَنِ الصَّوتِ بالقُرآنِ مِن صاحِبِ القَينَةِ (^١) إلَى قَينَتِه\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٩٤ - ورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن الأوزاعِىِّ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن مَيسَرَةَ مَولَى فَضالَةَ، عن فَضالَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"للَّهُ أشَدُّ أذَنًا (^٣) إلَى حَسَنِ الصَّوتِ بالقُرآنِ مِن صاحِبِ القَينَةِ إلَى قَينَتِه\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عُقبَةَ بنِ كَثيرٍ السَّدوسِىُّ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وأنَّه -ﷺ- سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ قَيسٍ -يَعنِى أبا موسَى- يَقرأُ فقالَ: \"لَقَد أوتِىَ هذا مِن مَزاميرِ آلِ داودَ\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٠٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الخالِقِ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عبدِ الخالِقِ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ خَنْبٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا زَيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) القينة: الأمة المغنية. التاج ٣٦/ ٣١ (ق ى ن).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٦١/ ٣٢١ من طريق محمد بن يعقوب به. وأحمد (٢٣٩٤٧) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س: \"اذانا\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٩٥٦)، وابن ماجه (١٣٤٠)، وابن حبان (٧٥٤) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٨٢).\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ٢١٠.","vol":"21","page":165},{"text":"الحُبابِ، حدثنا مالكُ بنُ مِغوَلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ حُصَيبٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لأبِى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ، وإِذا هو يَقرأُ فى جانِبِ المَسجِدِ: \"لَقَد أُعطِىَ هذا مِزمارًا مِن مَزاميرِ آلِ داودَ\" (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مالكِ بنِ مِغوَلٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٠٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ القَبّانِىُّ وعِمرانُ بنُ موسَى قالا: حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ قال: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأمَوِىُّ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: قال لِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو رأيتَنِى وأنا أسمَعُ قِراءَتَكَ البارِحَةَ، لَقَد أوتيتَ مِزمارَا مِن مَزاميرِ آلِ داودَ\". فقالَ: لَو عَلِمتُ لَحَبَّرتُه لَكَ تَحبيرًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى بُردَةَ مُختَصَرًا (^٤).\n\n٢١٠٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن أبى سَقمَةَ قال: كان عُمَرُ إذا جَلَسَ [عنده أبو] (^٥) موسَى قال له: ذَكِّرْ يا أبا موسَى. فيَقرأُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٣٣)، وابن حبان (٨٩٢) من طريق زيد بن الحباب به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٧٩٣).\n(^٣) حبرته لك تحبيرا؛ يريد تحسين الصرت وتحزينه. النهاية ١/ ٣٢٧. والحديث تقدم فى (٤٧٧٠).\n(^٤) مسلم (٧٩٣/ ٢٣٦)، والبخارى (٥٠٤٨).\n(^٥) فى م: \"عند أبى\".\n(^٦) عبد الرزاق (٤١٧٩).","vol":"21","page":166},{"text":"٢١٠٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، حدثنا صالِحٌ النّاجِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿يَزِيدُ فِى الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ [فاطر: ١]. قال: حُسنَ الصَّوتِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4352>بابُ البُكَاءِ عِندَ قِراءَةِ القُرآنِ</span>\n\n٢١٠٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ مَيمونٍ الرَّقِّىُّ، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ يعنى ابنَ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اقرأْ علىَّ\". فقلتُ: أقرأُ عَلَيكَ وعَلَيكَ أُنزِلَ؟ قال: فقَرأتُ سورَةَ النِّساءِ، فلَمّا بَلَغتُ: ﴿فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا﴾ [النساء: ٤١]. قال: \"حَسبُكَ\". فالتَفَتُّ فإِذا عَيناه تَذرِفانِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الفِريابِىِّ (^٣)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١١٥). وعزاه السيوطى فى الدر المنثور ١٢/ ٢٥١ إلى عبد بن حميد وابن أبى حاتم.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ١/ ٣٥٦. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٦٠٦)، والترمذى (٣٠٢٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٠٧٨، ٨٠٧٩) من طرق عن سفيان به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٥٠٥٠).\n(^٤) البخارى (٥٠٤٩، ٤٥٨٢، ٥٠٥٥)، ومسلم (٨٠٠/ ٢٤٧).","vol":"21","page":167},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ قُرَيشٍ قالا: أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ وصَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ قالا: حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ رافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ السَّائبِ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا سَعدُ بنُ مالكٍ فأتَيتُه مُسَلِّمًا، فنَسَبَنِى فانتَسَبتُ، فقالَ: مَرحَبًا بابنِ أخِى، بَلَغَنِى أنَّكَ حَسَنُ الصَّوتِ بالقُرآنِ، سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إنَّ هذا القُرآنَ نَزَلَ بحُزنٍ، فإِذا قَرأتُموه فابكُوا، فإِن لَم تَبكُوا فتباكَوا\". لَفظُ حَديثِ السُّلَمِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قَدِمَ عَلَينا سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقَّاصٍ، وقَد كُفَّ بَصَرُه، فأتَيتُه مُسَلِّمًا، فقالَ: مَن أنتَ؟ فأخبَرتُه، فقالَ: يا ابنَ أخِى. فذَكَرَه، وزادَ فى آخِرِه: \"وتَغَنَّوا به، فمَن لَم يَتَغَنَّ به فلَيسَ مِنَّا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4353>بابُ شَهادَةِ أهلِ العَصَبيَّةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: مَن أظهَرَ العَصَبيَّةَ بالكَلامِ، وتألَّفَ عَلَيها، ودَعا إلَيها فهو مَردودُ الشَّهادَةِ؛ لأنَّه أتَى مُحَرَّمًا لا اختِلافَ فيه بَينَ عُلَماءِ المُسلِمينَ عَلِمتُه. واحتَجَّ بقَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ﴾ [الحجرات: ١٠] وبِقَولِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وكونوا عِبادَ اللَّهِ إخوانًا\" (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (١٣٣٧، ٤١٩٦)، وأبو يعلى (٦٨٩) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به. وقال البوصيرى فى الزوائد: فى إسناده إسماعيل بن رافع ضعيف متروك. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف ابن ماجه (٢٨١).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.","vol":"21","page":168},{"text":"٢١١٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الدَّقيقِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأتُ على مالكٍ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إيَّاكُم والظَّنَّ، فإِنَّ الظَّنَّ أكذَبُ الحديثِ، ولا تَجَسَّسوا، ولا تَحَسَّسوا، ولا تَنافَسوا، ولا تَحاسَدوا، ولا تَباعضوا، ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللَّهِ إخوانًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢١١٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَقاطَعوا، ولا تَدابَروا، ولا تَباغَضُوا، ولا تَحاسَدوا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللَّهِ إخوانًا، كما أمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ الحُلوانِىِّ وغَيرِه عن وهبِ بنِ جَريرٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (١٤٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٧٠١) عن روح بن عبادة به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١١٥٦٨، ١٧٦٨٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٠٦٦)، ومسلم (٢٥٦٣/ ٢٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٢١٩) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٥٦٣/ ٣٠).","vol":"21","page":169},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىُّ وأبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ محمدٍ السِّراجُ، أنبانا أبو علىٍّ حامِدُ بنُ محمدٍ الهَرَوِىُّ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا تَباغَضُوا، ولا تَحاسَدوا، ولا تَدابَروا، وكونوا عِبادَ اللَّهِ إخوانًا، ولا يَحِل لِمُسلِمٍ أنْ يَهجُرَ أخاه فوقَ ثَلاثِ لَيالٍ؛ يَلتَقَيانِ يَصُدُّ هذا ويَصُدُّ هذا، وخَيرُهُما الَّذِى يَبْدأُ بالسَّلامِ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد جَمَعَ اللَّهُ النّاسَ بالإسلامِ ونَسَبَهُم إلَيه، فهو أشرَفُ أنسابِهِم؛ فإِنْ أحَبَّ امرُؤٌ فليُحبِبْ عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا حُسَينُ بنُ حَفصٍ قال: حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أذهَبَ عَنكُم عُبَيَّةَ (^٤) الجاهِليَّةِ والفَخرَ بالآباءِ، مُؤمِنٌ تَقِىٌّ وفاجِرٌ شَقِىٌّ، النّاسُ بَنوآدَمَ وآدَمُ خُلِقَ مِن تُراب، لَيَنتَهيَنَّ أقوامٌ عن فخرِهِم بآبائهِم فى الجاهِليَّةِ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٦١٥)، وفى المعرفة (٥٩٧١)، وفى الآداب (٣٠٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٣٥٤) عن أبى اليمان به. وتقدم فى (١٤٨٨٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٠٦٥)، ومسلم (٢٥٥٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٤) عبية: يعنى الكبر وتضم عينها وتكسر. النهاية ٣/ ١٦٩.","vol":"21","page":170},{"text":"أو لَيَكونُنَّ أهوَنَ على اللَّهِ مِنَ الجِعلانِ (^١) التى تَدفَعُ النَّتْنَ بأنفِها\" (^٢).\n\n٢١١٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ حُسَينِ بنِ دِيزيلَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَجِدُ أحَدُكُم حَلاوَةَ الإيمانِ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ المَرءَ لا يُحِبُّه إلَّا للَّهِ، وحَتَّى يَكونَ أنْ يُقذَفَ فى النّارِ أحَبَّ إلَيه مِن أنْ يَرجِعَ فى الكُفرِ بعدَ إذ أنقَذَه اللَّهُ مِنه، وحَتَّى يَكونَ اللَّهُ ورسولُه أحَبَّ إلَيه مِمّا سِواهُما\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لا تَدخُلوا الجَنَّةَ حَتَّى تُؤمِنوا، ولا تُؤمِنوا حَتَّى تَحابّوا، أوَلا أدُلُّكُم على شَئٍ إذا فعَلتُموه تَحابَبتُم؟ أفشُوا السَّلامَ بَينَكُم\" (^٥). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) الجعلان، واحدها جعل: حيوان كالخنفساء يكثر فى المواضع الندية. المعجم الوسيط ١/ ١٣٠.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٤٥٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٧٣٦)، والترمذى (٣٩٥٥) من طريق هشام بن سعد به. وأبو داود (٥١١٦) من طريق هشام بن سعد بزيادة أبى سعيد المقبرى. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٢٧٦٥)، والنسائى (٥٠٠٣)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٣٣) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٠٤١)، ومسلم (٤٣/ ٦٨).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٩٧٠٩)، وابن ماجه (٦٨) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٥١٩٣)، والترمذى (٢٦٨٨)، وابن حبان (٢٣٦) من طرق عن الأعمش به.","vol":"21","page":171},{"text":"مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ (^١).\n\n٢١١٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن يَعيشَ بنِ الوَليدِ، عن الزُّبَيرِ بنِ العَوَّامِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"دَبَّ إلَيكُم داءُ الأُمَمِ قَبلَكُمُ؛ الحَسَدُ والبَغضاءُ، والبَغضاءُ هِىَ الحالِقَةُ، حالِقَةُ الدِّينِ لا حالِقَةُ الشَّعَرِ، والَّذِى نَفسُ محمدٍ بيدِه لا تُؤمِنُوا حَتَّى تَحابُّوا، أفَلا أُنَبِّئُكُم بأمرٍ إذا فعَلتُموه تَحابَبتُم؟ أفشوا السَّلامَ بَينَكُم\" (^٢).\n\n٢١١٠٨ - ورُوِىَ عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن يَحيَى، عن يَعيشَ، عن مَولًى لِلزُّبَيرِ، عن الزُّبَيرِ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال. أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ عَبِيدَةَ، حدثنا مُعتَمِرُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، عن أبيه. فذَكَرَه بمَعناه (^٣).\n\n٢١١٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن مالكٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٥٤/ ٩٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٤١٢) عن يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٦١٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٣٠ - ١٤٣٢)، والترمذى (٢٥١٠) من طريق يحيى بن أبى كثير به.","vol":"21","page":172},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يقولُ يَومَ القيامَةِ: أينَ المُتَحَابُّونَ بجَلالِى؟ اليَومَ أُظِلُّهُم فى ظِلِّى يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إلَّا ظِلِّى\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١١١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عَطاءٍ، عن الوَليدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى إدريسَ العائذِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ عُبادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ فقالَ: لا أُحَدِّثُكَ إلّا ما سَمِعتُ على لِسانِ محمدٍ -ﷺ-: \"حَقَّتْ مَحَبَّتِى لِلمُتَحابِّينَ فىّ، وحَقَّت مَحَبَّتِى لِلمُتَواصِلينَ فىّ، وحَقَّت مَحَبَّتِى لِلمُتَصافينَ فىَّ. أو قال: حَقَّت مَحَبَّتِى لِلمُتَباذِلينَ فىَّ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١١١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الصَّعِقُ بنُ حَزْنٍ، عن عَقيلٍ الجَعدِىِّ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن سوَيدِ بنِ غَفَلَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا عبدَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ عُرَى الإسلامِ أوثَقُ؟ \". قالَ: قُلتُ: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"الوَلايَةُ فى اللَّهِ، الحُبُّ فى اللَّهِ والبُغضُ فى اللَّهِ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٩٥٢، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٦٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب (٢٣٢)، والطيالسى (٥٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٠٠٢) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٩٥٠٩). وفى الآداب (٢٣٥)، والطيالسى (٣٧٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة فى المسند (٣٢١)، وأبو يعلى - كما فى المطالب (٣٣٢١)، والطبرانى (١٠٥٣١) من طريق الصعق بن حزن به.","vol":"21","page":173},{"text":"ورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن حَديثِ البَراءِ (^١) وابنِ عباسٍ (^٢) وعائشَةَ -﵃- (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَو خَصَّ امرُؤٌ قَومَه بالمَحَبَّةِ ما لَم يَحمِلْ على غَيرِهِم ما لَيسَ يَحِلُّ له، فهَذِه صِلَةٌ لَيسَت بعَصَبيَّةٍ، فقَلَّ امرُؤٌ إلَّا وفيه مَحبوبٌ ومَكروهٌ (^٤).\n٢١١١١ م - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ الإمامُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ قال: أخبرَنِى عمرُو بنُ العاصِ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَه على جَيشِ ذاتِ السَّلاسِلِ. وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو بشرٍ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا خالِدٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَعَثَ عمرَو بنَ العاصِ على جَيشِ ذاتِ السَّلاسِلِ قال: فأتَيتُه فقُلتُ: أىُّ النّاسِ أحبُّ إلَيكَ؟ وفِى حَديثِ يَحيَى: فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، مَن أحَبُّ النّاسِ إلَيكَ؟ قال: \"عائشَةُ\". قُلتُ: مِنَ الرِّجالِ؟ قال: \"أبوها\". قُلتُ: ثُمَّ مَن؟ قال: ثُمَّ عُمَرُ\". فعَدَّ رِجالًا (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بشرٍ الواسِطِىِّ وهو إسحاقُ بنُ شاهينٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٢٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٥٣٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٨/ ٣٦٨.\n(^٤) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٥) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٢٣٠، ١٤٨٦٤).\n(^٦) البخارى (٤٣٥٨)، ومسلم (٢٣٨٤/ ٨).","vol":"21","page":174},{"text":"٢١١١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أبو مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، حدثنا عَدِىُّ بنُ ثابتٍ قال: سَمِعتُ البَراءَ قال: رأيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والحَسَنُ على عاتِقِه وهو يقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنى أُحِبُّه فأحِبَّه\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَجّاجٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١١١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى يَزيدَ، عن نافِعِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال لِحَسَنٍ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أُحِبُّه، فأحِبَّه وأحبِبْ مَن يُحِبُّه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١١١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ مُلاعِبٍ قالا: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٥٠١)، والترمذى (٣٧٨٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨١٦٣)، وابن حبان (٦٩٦٢) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٤٩)، ومسلم (٢٤٢٢/ ٥٨، ٥٩).\n(^٣) أحمد (٧٣٩٨). وأخرجه البخارى (٢١٢٢)، وابن ماجه (١٤٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨١٦٤) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٤٢١/ ٥٦).","vol":"21","page":175},{"text":"هَوذَةُ بنُ خَليفَةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ قال: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يأخُذُنِى والحَسَنَ بنَ علىٍّ، فيَقولُ: \"اللَّهُمَّ إنِّى أُحِبُّهُما فأحِبَّهُما\" (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مُعتَمِرِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ عن أبيهِ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فالمَكروهُ فى مَحَبَّةِ الرَّجُلِ مَن هو مِنه أن يَحمِلَ على غَيرِه ما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيه مِنَ البَغىِ، والطَّعنِ فى النَّسَبِ، والعَصبيَّةِ والبِغضَةِ على النَّسَبِ لا على مَعصيَةِ اللَّهِ ولا على جِنايَةٍ مِنَ المُبغَضِ على المُبغِضِ، ولَكِن يقولُ: أبغَضُه لأنَّه مِن بَنِى فُلانٍ. فهَذِه العَصبيَّةُ المَحضَةُ التى تُرَدُّ بها الشَّهادَةُ (^٣).\n\n٢١١١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ قال: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ قال: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ قال: حدثنا حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن غَيلانَ بنِ جَريرٍ، عن زيادَ بنِ رَياحٍ (^٤)، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن خَرَجَ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ وفارَقَ الجَماعَةَ فماتَ فمِيتَتُه (^٥) جاهِليَّةٌ، ومَن قُتِلَ تَحتَ رايَةٍ عُمّيَّة (^٦)؛ يَغَضَبُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٢٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨١٧١، ٨١٨٣، ٨١٨٤) من طرق عن سليمان التيمى به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٧٣٥، ٣٧٤٧).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٤) فى م: \"رباح\"، وهو مما قيل فى اسمه. تهذيب الكمال ٩/ ٤٦٢.\n(^٥) فى م: \"ميتة\".\n(^٦) عُمِّيَّة: هى الأمر الأعمى لا يستبين وجهه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٢/ ٢٣٨.","vol":"21","page":176},{"text":"لِعَصَبيَّةٍ، ويَنصُرُ عَصَبيَّةً، ويَدعو إلَى عَصَبيَّةٍ فقُتِلَ فقِتلَتُه (^١) جاهِليَّةٌ، ومَن خَرَجَ على أُمَّتِى يَضرِبُ بَرَّها وفاجِرَها، لا يَتَحاشَى مِن مُؤمِنِها، ولا يَفِى لِذِى عَهدِها فلَيسَ مِن أُمَّتِى\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن القَواريرِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٢١١١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ قال: أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ قال: حدثنا أبو داودَ قال: حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ قال: حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ قال: حدثنا سَلَمَةُ بنُ بشرٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، عن ابنَهِ واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ أنَّها سَمِعَت أباها يقولُ: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما العَصَبيَّةُ؟ قال: \"أنْ تُعينَ قَومَكَ على الظُّلمِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١١١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ أيّوبَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أمِنَ العَصبيَّةِ أنْ يُعينَ الرَّجُلُ قَومَه على الحَقِّ؟ قال: \"لا\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"فقتلة\"، وفى نسخة المصنف: \"فقتاله\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤٥٨٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وابن ماجه (٣٩٤٨)، والنسائى (٤١٢٥) من طريق أيوب به. وتقدم فى (١٦٦٨٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٨٤٨).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٥٩)، وأبو داود (٥١١٩). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٩٣).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٦٠). وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٥/ ٨٧ من طريق محمد بن سليمان ابن الحارث به.","vol":"21","page":177},{"text":"٢١١١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ وعَمرُو بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبيه قال: مَثَلُ الَّذِى يُعينُ قَومَه على غَيرِ الحَقِّ مَثَلُ بَعيرٍ رَدِىَ وهو يُجَرُّ بذَنَبِهِ. قال أبو داودَ: رَفَعَه عمرُو بنُ ثابِتٍ ولَم يَرفَعْه شُعبَةُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ عن سُفيانَ وإِسرائيلَ مَرفوعًا:\n\n٢١١١٩ - أخبرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا أبو عامِرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه قال: انتَهَيتُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وهو فى قُبَّةٍ مِن أدَمٍ. فذَكَرَ نَحوَه (^٢).\n\n٢١١٢٠ - حدثنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى ابنُ أبى مَسَرَّةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ قَزَعَةَ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعانَ على ظُلمٍ فهو كالبَعيرِ المُتَرَدِّى، فهو يُنزَعُ بذَنَبِه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٣٤٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢٦) من طريق شعبة به، وقال شعبة: وأحسبه قد رفعه إلى رسول اللَّه -ﷺ-.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥١١٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٨٠١) عن أبى عامر العقدى به. وابن حبان (٥٩٤٢) من طريق سفيان به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٧١).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤٢٩٢) من طريق إسرائيل به.","vol":"21","page":178},{"text":"ورَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ عن سِماكٍ مَوقوفًا (^١).\n\n٢١١٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى يَزيدَ، سَمِعَ ابنَ عباسٍ يقولُ: خِلالٌ مِنَ خِلالِ الجاهِليَّةِ؛ الطَّعنُ فى الأنسابِ والنّياحَةُ. ونَسِىَ الثّالِثَةَ. قال سفيانُ: يَقولونَ إنَّها الاستِسقاءُ بالأنواءِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىٍّ عن سُفيانَ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى ذَلِكَ بمَعناه مَرفوعًا مِن حَديثِ أبى مالكٍ الأشعَرِىِّ وأبِى هريرةَ -﵄- (^٤).\n\n٢١١٢٢ - حدثنا السَّيِّدُ أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الرَّمجارِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا عُيَينَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الغَطَفانِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن أبى بكرَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما مِن ذَنبٍ أجدَرَ أن يُعَجِّلَ اللَّهُ لِصاحِبِه العُقوبَةَ فى الدُّنيا مَعَ ما يَدَّخِرُ له فى الآخِرَةِ، مِنَ البَغى وقَطيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٥١١٧) من طريق زهير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٢٧٠).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٥١٤١)، وفى الآداب (٤٥٦). وتقدم تخريجه فى (٧١٩٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٨٥٠).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٧١٩١، ٧١٩٢).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الآداب (١٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٠٣٧٤) عن وكيع به. وأبو داود (٤٩٠٢)، والترمذى (٢٥١١)، وابن ماجه (٤٢١١)، وابن حبان (٤٥٥) من طرق عن عيينة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٩٨).","vol":"21","page":179},{"text":"٢١١٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو عَمّارٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ موسَى، عن الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، عن مَطَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى قَتادَةُ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ قال: قامَ فينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ، قال فيه: \"وإِنَّ اللَّهَ أوحَى إلَىَّ أن تَواضَعوا حَتَّى لا يَفخَرَ أحَدٌ على أحَدٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عَمّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ عيسَى الهَمَذانِىُّ بها، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ بأصبَهانَ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ (^٣) بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الدّارَكِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَمّارٍ الحُسَينُ بنُ حُرَيثٍ المَروَزِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال فى خُطبَتِه، زادَ: \"ولا يَبغِى أحَدٌ على أحَدٍ\" (^٤).\nورَواه الحَجَّاجُ بنُ الحَجَّاجِ عن قَتادَةَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن عياضٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وزادَ فيه أيضًا: \"حَتَّى لا يَبغِىَ أحَدٌ على أحَدٍ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٨١٣٣). وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٦٤ (١٠٠٠) من طريق أبى عمار الحسين ابن الحريث به. وابن ماجه (٤١٧٩) من طريق الحسين بن واقد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٨٦٥/ ٦٤).\n(^٣) كذا فى النسخ، وضبب عليه فى الأصل، وكتب فى الحاشية: \"صوابه الحسن\"، وهو الصواب كما تقدم فى (٤٥٠٥). وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٤/ ٤٨٦.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (٢٦٠).\n(^٥) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٢٨)، وأبو داود (٤٨٩٥) من طريق الحجاج به.","vol":"21","page":180},{"text":"٢١١٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ الشَّديدُ بالصُّرَعَةِ\". قالوا: فمَنِ الشَّديدُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"الَّذِى يَملِكُ نَفسَه عِندَ الغَضَبِ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وعَبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مِنَ الكَبائرِ شَتمُ الرَّجُلِ والِدَيه\". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وهَل يَشتِمُ الرَّجُلُ والِدَيهِ؟ قالَ: \"نَعَم، يَسُبُّ أبا الرَّجُلِ فيَسُبُّ أباه، ويَسُبُّ أُمَّه فيَسُبُّ أُمَّه\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب (١٧٠)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٢٨٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٦٤٠). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٢٢٨) من طريق معمر به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٦٠٩/ ١٠٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٥٩). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٠٢) عن قتيبة به. وأحمد (٦٥٢٩)، وأبو داود (٥١٤١)، وابن حبان (٤١١، ٤١٢) من طريق سعد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٤) مسلم (٩٠/ ١٤٦)، والبخارى (٥٩٧٣).","vol":"21","page":181},{"text":"٢١١٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عِمرانُ القَطّانُ وهَمَّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ. قال هَمّامٌ: عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخِّيرِ. وقالَ عِمرانُ: عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الرَّجُلُ مِن قَومِى يَشتِمُنِى وهو دونِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُستَبّانِ شَيطانانِ يَتَهاتَرانِ ويَتَكاذَبانِ، فما قالاه فهو على البادِئِ حَتَّى يَعتَدِىَ المَظلومُ\" (^١).\nورَواه عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ عن عِمرانَ عن قَتادَةَ عن يَزيدَ (^٢).\nورَواه ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن مُطَرِّفٍ إلَى قَولِه: \"ويَتَكاذَبانِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١١٢٨ - ورَواه شَيبانُ عن قَتادَةَ قال: وحُدِّثَ مُطَرِّفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ عن عياضِ بنِ حِمارٍ أنَّه سألَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ رَجُلًا يَشتِمُنِى وهو أنقَصُ مِنِّى نَسَبًا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُستَبّانِ شَيطانانِ يَتَهاتَرانِ ويَتَكَاذَبَانِ\". وكانَ يُقالُ. فذَكَرَ مَعنَى ما بَعدَه. أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى داودَ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١١٧٦). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٨٦)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٥٦ (١٠٠٢، ١٠٠٤) من طريق همام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٢٧)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ٣٦٥ (١٠٠٣) من طريق عمرو بن مرزوق به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٨٣)، وابن حبان (٥٧٢٦، ٥٧٢٧) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.","vol":"21","page":182},{"text":"حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nوقَد ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ اللَّفظُ مِن حَديثِ أبى هريرةَ دونَ ما قَبلَه:\n\n٢١١٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو (^٢) عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُستَبّانِ ما قالا فعَلَى البادِئِ ما لَم يَعتَدِ (^٣) المَظلومُ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه (^٥).\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ فى حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ (^٦).\nوفيه دِلالَة على جَوازِ الانتِصارِ مِن غَيرِ تَعَدٍّ ولا إظهارِ فُحشٍ، وحَديثُ عائشةَ فى قِصَّةِ زَينَبَ بنتِ جَحشٍ -﵄- بن دَليل على إباحَةِ الانتِصارِ؛ حَيثُ قالَت: فلَم تَبرَحْ زَينَبُ بنتُ جَحشٍ حَتَّى عَرَفْتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يَكرَهُ أنْ أنتَصِرَ (^٧). والعَفوُ وتَركُ الانتِصارِ أولَى.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٨٩) عن يونس بن محمد به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١١٩٠).\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) فى ح: \"يتعد\".\n(^٤) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٢٣)، وابن حبان (٥٧٢٩) عن إسماعيل بن جعفر به. وأحمد (٧٢٠٥)، وأبو داود (٤٨٩٤)، والترمذى (١٩٨١) عن العلاء به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٥٨٧/ ٦٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٢٤)، وأبو يعلى (٤٢٥٩).\n(^٧) تقدم فى (١٤٨٦٥).","vol":"21","page":183},{"text":"٢١١٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا العَلاءُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"ما نَقَصَتْ صَدَقَةٌ مِن مالٍ، ولا زادَ اللَّهُ بالعَفوِ إلَّا عِزًّا، وما تَواضَعَ أحَدٌ للَّهِ إلَّا رَفَعَه اللَّهُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن جَماعَةٍ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى دارِمٍ الحافظُ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أيّوبَ المُخرِّمِى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَرْمِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ أبى المُتَّئدِ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألا أدُلُّكُم على أكرَمِ أخلاقِ الدُّنيا والآخِرَةِ؟ تَعفو عَمَّن ظَلَمَكَ، وتُعطِى مَن حَرَمَكَ، وتَصِلُ مَن قَطَعَكَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١١٣٢ - وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ داودَ اليَمامِىُّ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٤١١). وأخرجه الدارمى (١٧١٨) عن أبى الربيع الزهرانى به. وتقدم تخريجه فى (٧٨٩٣).\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٨٨/ ٦٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو الشيخ ابن حيان فى جزئه (٦٥ - انتقاء ابن مردويه) عن إبراهيم بن عبد اللَّه بن أيوب به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٥٥٦٧) من طريق يعقوب به.","vol":"21","page":184},{"text":"سَلَمَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثٌ مَن كُنَّ فيه حاسَبَه اللَّهُ حِسابًا يَسيرًا، وأدخَلَه الجَنَّةَ برَحمَتِه\". قالوا: لمن (^١) يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"تُعطِى مَن حَرَمَكَ، وتَعفو عَمَّن ظَلَمَكَ، وتَصلُ مَن قَطَعَكَ\". قال: فإِذا فعَلتُ ذَلِكَ فما لِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أنْ تُحاسَبَ حِسابًا يَسيرًا، ويُدخِلَكَ اللَّهُ الجَنَّةَ برَحمَتِه\" (^٢).\n\n٢١١٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن أبى غِفارٍ، حدثنا أبو تَميمَةَ الهُجَيمِيُّ -وأبو تَميمَةَ اسمُه طَريفُ بنُ مُجالِدٍ- عن أبى جُرَىٍّ جابِرِ بنِ سُلَيمٍ قال: رأيتُ رَجُلًا يَصدُرُ النّاسُ عن رأيِهِ، لا يقولُ شَيئًا إلَّا صَدَرُوا عنه، قُلتُ: مَن هَذا؟ قالوا: رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قُلتُ: عَلَيكَ السَّلامُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ مَرَّتَينِ. قال: \"لا تَقُل: عَلَيكَ السَّلامُ. عَلَيكَ السَّلامُ تَحيَّةُ المَيِّتِ، قُلِ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: أنتَ رسولُ اللَّهِ؟ قال: \"أنا رسولُ اللَّهِ الَّذِى إذا أصابَكَ ضَرٌّ فدَعَوتَه كَشَفَه عَنكَ، وإِنْ أصابَكَ عامَ سَنةٍ فدَعَوتَه أنبَتَها لَكَ، وإِذا كُنتَ بأرضِ قَفْرٍ أو فلاةٍ فضَلَّتْ راحِلَتُكَ فدَعَوتَه رَدَّ (^٣) عَلَيكَ\". قال: قُلتُ: اعهَدْ إلَىَّ. قال: \"لا تَسُبَنَّ أحَدًا\". قال: فما سَبَبتُ بَعدَه حُرًّا ولا عبدًا ولا بَعيرًا ولا شاةً. قال: \"ولا تَحقِرَنَّ مِنَ المَعروفِ شَيئًا، وأنْ تُكَلِّمَ أخاكَ وأنتَ مُنبَسِطٌ إلَيه وجهُكَ؛ إنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٥١٨ وصححه. وأخرجه ابن أبى الدنيا فى مكارم الأخلاق ص ٢٣ (٢١)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٩٠٩) من طريق سعيد بن سليمان به، والبزار (٨٦٣٥) من طريق سليمان بن داود به.\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"ردها\".","vol":"21","page":185},{"text":"المَعروفِ، وارفَعْ إزارَكَ إلَى نِصفِ السَّاقِ، فإنْ أبَيتَ فإلَى الكَعبَينِ، وإيّاكَ وإِسبالَ الإزارِ؛ فإنَّها مِن المَخِيلَةِ، وإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ المَجيلَةَ، وإِنِ امرُؤٌ شَتَمَكَ وعَيَّرَكَ بما تعلَمُ (^١) فيكَ فلا تُعَيِّرْه بما تَعلَمُ فيه؛ فإنَّما وبالُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١١٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَمٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ، عن سَلَمَةَ بنِ الأكوَعِ قال: خَرَجتُ أُريدُ الغابَةَ فسَمِعتُ غُلامًا لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ يقولُ: أُخِذَتْ لِقاحُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال: قُلتُ: مَن أخَذَها؟ قال: غَطَفانُ وفَزارَةُ. قال: فصَعِدتُ الثَّنيِّةَ فنادَيتُ: يا صَبَاحَاهُ يا صَبَاحَاهُ، ثُمَّ انطَلَقتُ أسعَى فى آثارِهِم حَتَّى استَنقَذتُها مِنهُم، وجاءَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى نَفَرٍ مِن أصحابِه فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ القَومَ عِطاشٌ أعجَلناهُم أنْ يَستَقُوا (^٣) لِسَقْيِهم (^٤) قال: \"يا ابنَ الأكوَعِ، مَلَكتَ فَأَسْجِحْ (^٥)؛ إنَّ القَومَ غَطَفانَ يُقْرَوْنَ (^٦) \".\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"يعلم\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٠٨٤). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٧٢٢)، وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١١٨٣، ١١٨٤)، والطبرانى (٦٣٨٦، ٦٣٨٧) من طريق أبى غفار به. وأحمد (٢٠٦٣٥) من طريق أبى تميمة الهجيمى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٤٤٢).\n(^٣) فى ص ١٠: \"يَسقوا\".\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"لشفتهم\".\n(^٥) أَسْجِحْ: أى سَهِّلْ؛ والمعنى: قدرتَ فاعفُ. فتح البارى ٧/ ٤٦٣.\n(^٦) بالبناء للمفعول معناه: يُطعمون ويُسقون قبل أن نبلغ منهم ما تريد. وبالبناء للفاعل معناه: أنهم يضيفون الأضياف؛ فراعى لهم -ﷺ- حق ذلك، ورجاء أن يتوب اللَّه عليهم. ينظر شرح صحيح البخارى لابن بطال ٥/ ١٩٧.","vol":"21","page":186},{"text":"أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ حاتِمِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى عُبَيدٍ (^١).\n\n٢١١٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ المَعمَرِىُّ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، حدثنا صَدَقَةُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ واقِدٍ، عن بُسرِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن عائذِ اللَّهِ أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن أبى الدَّرداءِ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إذ أقبَلَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- أَخِذًا بطَرَفِ ثَوبِه حَتَّى أبدَى عن ركبتِه (^٢) فقالَ: \"أمّا صاحِبُكُم هذا فقَد غامَرَ (^٣) \". فسَلَّمَ وقالَ: إنَّه كان بَينِى وبَينَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- شَئٌ فأسرَعتُ إلَيه ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ، فسألتُه أنْ يَغفِرَ لِى، فأبَى عَلَىَّ وتَحَرَّزَ مِنِّى بدارِه، فأقبَلتُ إلَيكَ. فقالَ: \"يَغفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ يا أبا بكرٍ\". ثَلاثًا. ثُمَّ إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- نَدِمَ، فأتَى مَنزِلَ أبى بكرٍ، فسألَ: أثَمَّ أبو بكرٍ؟ فقالوا: لا. فأقبَلَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فجَعَلَ وَجْهُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَتَمَعَّرُ، حَتَّى أشفَقَ أبو بكرٍ، فَجَثا على رُكبَتَيه (^٤)، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أنا واللَّهِ كُنتُ أَظلَمَ مَرَّتَينِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أيُّها النّاسُ، إن اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِى إلَيكُم فقُلتُم كَذَبتَ، وقالَ أبو بكرٍ صَدَقتَ، وواسَانِى بنَفسِه ومالِه؛\n_________\n= والحديث أخرجه الطبرانى (٦٢٨٤) عن أبى مسلم به، وأحمد (١٦٥١٣)، والبخارى (٣٠٤١، ٤١٩٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٨١٤) من طريق يزيد بن أبى عبيد به.\n(^١) مسلم (١٨٠٦/ ١٣١).\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"ركبتيه\".\n(^٣) غامر: أى خاصم غيره، ومعناه: دخل فى غمرة الخصومة. اللسان ٥/ ٢٩ (غ م ر).\n(^٤) فى الأصل: \"ركبته\"، وضبب عليها.","vol":"21","page":187},{"text":"فهَل أنتُم تارِكونَ لِى صاحِبِى؟ \". قالَها مَرَتَينِ، فما أوذِىَ بَعدَها (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هِشامِ بنِ عَمّارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: جَعَلَ رَجُل يَشتِمُ أبا بكرٍ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ، فجَعَلَ يَعجَبُ ويَتَبَسَّمُ، فلَمَّا أكثَرَ (^٣) رَدَّ عَلَيه أبو بكرٍ بَعضَ قَولِه، فغَضِبَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وقامَ، فلَحِقَه أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ كان يَشتِمُنِى وأنتَ جالِسٌ، فلَمّا رَدَدتُ عَلَيه بَعضَ قَولِه غَضِبتَ وقُمتَ؟! قال: \"فإنَّه كان مَعَكَ مَن يَرُدُّ عَنكَ، فلَمّا رَدَدتَ عَلَيه قَعَدَ الشَّيطانُ؛ فلَم أكُنْ لأقعُدَ مَعَ الشَّيطانِ\". ثُمَّ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا أبا بكرٍ، ما مِن عبدٍ ظُلِمَ مَظلِمَةً فيُغْضِى عَنها للَّهِ ﷿ إلَّا أعَزّ اللَّهُ ﷿ بها نَصْرَه\" (^٤).\nرَواه اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ عن بَشيرٍ (^٥) عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى قِصَّةِ أبى بكرٍ -﵁- مُرسَلًا، دونَ ما فى آخِرِه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد فى فضائل الصحابة (٥٠٢)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (١٧٠٩) من طريق هشام بن عمار به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٦٦١).\n(^٣) بعده فى س، م: \"ذلك\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب (١٦٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٢٤) عن يحيى بن سعيد به. وأبو داود (٤٨٩٧) من طريق ابن عجلان به، مقتصرًا على شطره الأول. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٩٥).\n(^٥) فى م: \"بسير\".","vol":"21","page":188},{"text":"مِنَ التَّرغيبِ فى الإِغضاءِ (^١).\n\n٢١١٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ مَعروفٍ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ وهبٍ، حدثنا أبو صَخرٍ، عن أبى حازِمٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُؤمِنُ مأْلَفٌ، ولا خَيرَ فيمَن لا يَأْلَفُ ولا يُؤلَفُ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4354>بابُ شَهادَةِ الشُّعَراءِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: الشِّعرُ كَلامٌ؛ حَسَنُه كَحَسَنِ الكَلامِ، وقَبيحُه كَقَبيحِ الكَلامِ، غَيرَ أنَّه كَلامٌ باقٍ سائرٌ، فذَلِكَ فضلُه على الكَلامِ؛ فمَن كان مِنَ الشُّعَراءِ لا يُعرَفُ بنَقصِ المُسلِمينَ وأذاهُم والإِكثارِ مِن ذَلِكَ، ولا بأن يَمدَحَ فيُكثِرَ الكَذِبَ، لَم تُرَدَّ شَهادَتُه (^٣).\n\n٢١١٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن مَرْوانَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الأسوَدِ بنِ عبدِ يَغوثَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ الشِّعرِ حِكمَةً\". لَفظُ حَديثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى تاريخه ٢/ ١٠٢، وأبو داود (٤٨٩٦) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (٢١١). وأخرجه أحمد (٩١٩٨) من طريق هارون بن معروف به.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.","vol":"21","page":189},{"text":"الشَّافِعِىِّ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ قال: عن أُبَيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ الشِّعرِ حُكْمًا (^١) \".\n\n٢١١٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الهَرَوِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ بنِ هِشامٍ، أنَّ مَرْوانَ بنَ الحَكَمِ أخبَرَه، أنَّ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ الأسوَدِ أخبَرَه أنَّ أُبَىَّ بنَ كَعبٍ الأنصارِىَّ أخبَرَه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ مِنَ الشِّعرِ حِكمَةً\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ (^٤) وزيادُ بنُ سَعدٍ (^٥) ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى عَتيقٍ (^٦) ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ (^٧) عن الزُّهرِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"حكمة\". والمعنى: إن من الشعر كلامًا نافعا يمنع من الجهل والسفه وينهى عنهما. النهاية ١/ ٤١٩.\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٢٨٩٣، ٥٩٧٣). والشافعى فى مسنده ٢/ ٤١٠ (٦٧٢)، والطيالسى (٥٥٨). وأخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٢١١٦٥) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٩٢٥٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦١٤٥).\nبعده فى الأصل، س، م: \"ورويناه من حديث شعيب بن أبى حمزة عن الزهرى موصولا، ومن ذلك الوجه أخرجه البخارى فى الصحيح\". وكتبه فى نسخة المصنف وضرب عليه.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٨٥٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٦٢)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٦٤).\n(^٦) أخرجه الخطيب فى الجامع لأخلاق الراوى وآداب السامع ٢/ ١٣٠ (١٣٩٥).\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٢١١٥٨)، وأبو داود (٥٠١٠)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٥٥).","vol":"21","page":190},{"text":"٢١١٤٠ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سعيدٍ النَّسَوِىُّ، حدثنا بكرُ بنُ بَكارٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن مِنَ الشِّعرِ حِكمَةً\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عِصامٍ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ عُمَيرٍ قال: سَمِعت أبا سَلَمَةَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أصدَقُ بَيتٍ قالَتْه العَرَبُ: أَلا كُلُّ شَئٍ ما خَلا اللَّهَ باطِلُ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيل بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ حَسّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال، يَعنِى لِقَومٍ فيهِم أبو هريرةَ: أنشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، أسَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ يقول: \"أجِبْ عَنِّى، أيَّدَكَ اللَّهُ بِرُوحِ القُدُسِ\"؟ فقالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَم (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٤)، وأبو داود (٥٠١١)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٥٦)، والترمذى (٢٨٤٥)، وابن حبان (٥٧٧٨، ٥٧٨٠) من طرق عن سماك به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٩٠).\n(^٢) تقدم تخريجه فى (٢١٠٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٣٢١٢)، ومسلم (٢٢٥٦/ ٥).\n(^٤) تقدم تخريجه فى (٤٤٠٦).","vol":"21","page":191},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ ابنِ عُيَينَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ قال: قَرأْت على أبى اليَمانِ، أنَّ شُعَيبَ بنَ أبى حَمر أخبَرَه عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو سَلَمَةَ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ أنَّه سَمِعَ حَسَّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ الأنصارِىَّ يَستَشهِدُ أبا هريرةَ: أنشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، هَلْ سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"يا حَسّانُ، أجِبْ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أيِّدْهُ بروحِ القُدُسِ\"؟ فقالَ أبو هريرةَ: نَعَم (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى اليَمانِ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ شَوذَبٍ المُقرِئُ الواسِطِىُّ بها، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا وهبُ بنُ جَريرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو النَّضرِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عَدِيِّ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن البَراءِ بنِ عازِبٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لِحَسَّانَ: \"اهجُهُمْ\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٤٨٥/ عقب ١٥١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٢١٢)، ومسلم (٢٤٨٥/ ١٥١).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٠٠٠) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٥٣، ٦١٥٢)، ومسلم (٢٤٨٥/ ١٥٢).","vol":"21","page":192},{"text":"وجِبريلُ مَعَكَ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ وهبٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ سُلَيمانَ: \"اهجُهُم\" -أو قال: هاجِهِم- وجِبريلُ مَعَكَ\". رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجُهٍ عن شُعبَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ الصَّيدَلانِىُّ العَدلُ إملاءً، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال حَسّانُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ائذَنْ لِى فى أبى سُفيانَ. فقالَ: \"كيف (^٣) بقَرابَتِى مِنهُ؟ \". قَالَ: والَّذِى أكرَمَكَ لأَسُلَّنَّكَ مِنهُم كما تُسَلُّ الشَّعرَةُ مِنَ الخَميرِ. فقالَ حَسّانُ:\nإنَّ سَنامَ المَجدِ مِن آلِ هاشِمٍ بَنو بنتِ مَخزومٍ ووالِدُكَ العَبدُ (^٤).\nرَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٥)، وأخرَجاه دونَ الشِّعرِ مِن حَديثِ عبدَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٦).\n\n٢١١٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عَبْدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٨٩، ١٨٦٩٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٢٤) من طرق عن شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦١٥٣)، ومسلم (٢٤٨٦/ ١٥٣).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فكيف\".\n(^٤) كذا فى النسخ، وفى البيت خرم، وهو حذف أول متحرك من الوتد المجموع فى أول البيت، وهو هنا الواو فى \"إنَّ\". ينظر الكافى فى العروض والقوافى ص ٢٧.\nوالحديث أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٦٢) من طريق هشام به. وعنده بدون الشعر.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٤٨٩/ ١٥٦).\n(^٦) البخارى (٣٥٣١، ٤١٤٥، ٦١٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٨٩/ عقب ١٥٦).","vol":"21","page":193},{"text":"خالِدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ يَزيدَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى هِلالٍ، عن عُمارَةَ بنِ غَزيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن أبى سَلَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"اهجُوا قُرَيشًا؛ فإِنَّه أشَدُّ عَلَيها مِن رَشْقِ النَّبْلِ\". فأرسَلَ إلَى ابنِ رَواحَةَ، فقالَ: \"اهجُ\". فهَجاهُم فلَم يُرْضِ، فأرسَلَ إلَى كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، ثُمَّ أرسَلَ إلَى حَسَّانَ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيه قال حَسَّانُ: قَد آنَ لَكُم أنْ تُرسِلوا إلَى هذا الأسَدِ الضَّارِبِ (^١) بذَنَبِه. ثُمَّ أدلَعَ لِسانَه فجَعَلَ يُحَرِّكُه، ثُمَّ قال: والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لأَفرِيَنَّهُم بلِسانِى فرْىَ الأديمِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تَعجَلْ فإِنَّ أبا بكرٍ أعلمُ قُرَيشٍ بأنسابِها، وإِنَّ لِى فيهِم نَسَبًا؛ حَتَّى يُخلَصَ لَكَ نَسَبِى\". فأتاه حَسَّانُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قَد مَحَضَ لِى نَسَبَكَ. والَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ لأسُلَّنَكَ مِنهُم كما تُسَلُّ الشَعرَةُ مِنَ العَجينِ. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ لِحَسَّانَ: \"إنَّ روحَ القُدُسِ لا يَزالُ يُؤَيِّدُكَ ما نافَحتَ عن رسولِ اللَّهِ\". وقالَت: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"هَجاهُم حَسّانُ فشَفَى واشتَفَى\". فقالَ حَسَّانُ:\nهَجَوتَ محمدًا فأجَبتُ عنه ... وعِندَ اللَّهِ فى ذاكَ الجَزاءُ\nهَجَوتَ محمدًا بَرًّا حَنيفًا ... رسولَ اللَّهِ شيمَتُه الوَفاءُ\nفإِنَّ أبى ووالِدَه وعِرضِى ... لِعِرضِ محمدٍ مِنكُم وِقاءُ\nثَكِلتُ بُنَيَّتِى إنْ لَم تَرَوها ... تُثيرُ النَّقْعَ مَوعِدُها كَداءُ\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س: \"الضارى\"، وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت.\nقال النووى: المراد بذنبه هنا لسانه، فشبه نفسه بالأسد فى انتقامه وبطشه إذا اغتاظ وحيئنذ يضرب بذنبه جنبيه. صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ١٦/ ٤٩.","vol":"21","page":194},{"text":"يُنازِعنَ الأسِنَّةَ مُشرَعاتٍ ... على أكتافِها الأسَلُ الظِّماءُ\nتَظَلُّ جيادُنا مُتَمَطِّراتٍ ... يُلَطِّمُهُنَّ (^١) بالخُمُرِ النِّساءُ\nفإنْ أعرَضتُمُ عَنّا اعتَمَرنا ... وكانَ الفَتحُ وانكَشَفَ الغِطاءُ\nوإِلَّا فاصبِروا لِضِرابِ يَومٍ ... يُعِزُّ اللَّهُ فيه مَن يَشاءُ\nوقالَ اللَّهُ قَد أرسَلتُ عبدًا ... يقولُ الحَقَّ لَيسَ به خَفاءُ\nوقالَ اللَّهُ قَد أرسَلتُ جُندًا ... هُمُ الأنصارُ عَزمَتُها (^٢) اللِّقاءُ\nلَنا فى كُلِّ يَومٍ مِن مَعَدٍّ ... سِباءٌ (^٣) أو قِتالٌ أو هِجاءُ\nفمَن يَهجو رسولَ اللَّهِ مِنكُم ... ويَمدَحُه ويَنصُرُه سَواءُ\nوجِبريلٌ رسولُ اللَّهِ فينا ... وروحُ القُدْسِ لَيسَ له كِفاءُ (^٤)\nأخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ شُعَيبِ بنِ اللَّيثِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّهِ (^٥).\n\n٢١١٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا بِشْرُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سُلَيمانَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى س، ص ١٠، م: \"تلطمهن\".\n(^٢) ضبب عليها فى الأصل، وكتب فى الحاشية: \"المحفوظ فى شعره عُرضتها\". وينظر ديوانه ص ٧٤.\n(^٣) كتب فى حاشية الأصل: \"المحفوظ فى شعره سِبابٌ\".\n(^٤) أخرجه المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٥٠، ٥١ من طريق ابن ملحان به. وابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار ٢/ ٦٣٩ مختصرًا، والطبرانى (٣٥٨٢)، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٢٢٢٨) مختصرًا من طريق الليث به.\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٤٩٠/ ١٥٧).","vol":"21","page":195},{"text":"أبى الضُّحَى، عن مَسروقٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ -﵂- وعِندَها حَسَّانُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يُنشِدُها شِعرًا يُشَبِّبُ بأبياتٍ له، فقالَ:\nحَصانٌ رَزانٌ ما تُزَنُّ (^١) بريبَةٍ ... وتُصبحُ غَرثَى (^٢) مِن لُحومِ الغَوافِلِ\nفقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: لَكِنَّكَ لَستَ كَذاكَ. قال مَسروقٌ: فقُلتُ لها: لِمَ تأْذَنينَ له يَدخُلُ عَلَيكِ؟ وقَد قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ [النور: ١١]. فقالَت: فأىُّ عَذابٍ أشَدُّ مِنَ العَمَى. وقالَت: إنَّه كان يُنافِحُ -أو يُهاجِى- عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ خالِدٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه قال لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: إنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَد أنزَلَ فى الشِّعرِ ما أنزَلَ. قال: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ يُجاهِدُ بسَيفِه ولِسانِه، والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَكأَنَّمَا (^٥) تَرمونَهُم به نَضحَ النَّبلِ\" (^٦). كَذا قالَ.\n\n٢١١٤٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ\n_________\n(^١) تزن: يُظن بها، أو تتهم. ينظر اللسان ١٣/ ٢٠٠ (ز ن ن).\n(^٢) الغرث: أيسر الجوع. وقيل: شدته. وقيل: هو الجوع عامة. اللسان ٢/ ١٧٢ (غ ر ث).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ١٣٥ (١٧٦) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٤١٤٦)، ومسلم (٢٤٨٨/ ١٥٥).\n(^٥) فى حاشية الأصل: \"لكأن ما\". وكذا فى المسند.\n(^٦) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٥٠٠)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٧١٧٤)، وابن حبان (٥٧٨٦).","vol":"21","page":196},{"text":"زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا عبدُ الكَريمِ بنُ الهَيثَمِ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ، أن كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ حينَ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ فى الشِّعرِ ما أنزَلَ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ له: إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد أنزَلَ فى الشِّعرِ ما قَد عَلِمتَ، فكَيفَ تَرَى فيهِ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ المُؤمِنَ يُجاهِدُ بسَيفِه ولِسانِه\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ الحَكَمُ بنُ نافِعٍ، أنبأنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: وكانَ بَشيرُ بنُ [عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ] (^٢) كَعبِ بنِ مالكٍ يُحَدِّثُ أن كَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ كان يُحَدِّثُ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه لَكأَنَّما تَنضَحونَهُم بالنَّبلِ فيما تَقولونَ لَهُم مِنَ الشِّعرِ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١١٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المَروَزِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ، عن أبيه، عن يَزيدَ النَّحوِىِّ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: ﴿وَالشُّعَرَاءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ الْغَاوُونَ (٢٢٤)﴾ [الشعراء: ٢٢٤]. فنَسَخَ مِن ذَلِكَ واستَثنَى فقالَ: ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا﴾ (^٤) [الشعراء: ٢٢٧].\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٨٥) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) ليس فى: الأصل، س، م. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٣٧٦.\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٧٨٦) عن أبى اليمان به.\n(^٤) أبو داود (٥٠١٦). وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٧١) من طريق على بن الحسين به.","vol":"21","page":197},{"text":"٢١١٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ وابنُ بُكَيرٍ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أخبرَنِى الهَيثَمُ بنُ أبى سِنانٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ أبا هريرةَ وهو يَقُصُّ، وهو يقولُ فى قَصَصه وهو يَذكُرُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أخًا لَكُم لا يقولُ الرَّفَثَ\". يَعنِى بذَلِكَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ قال:\nوفينا رسولُ اللَّهِ يَتلو كِتابَه ... إذا انشَق مَعروفٌ مِنَ الفَجرِ ساطِعُ\nأرانا الهُدَى بعدَ العَمَى فقُلوبُنا ... به موقِناتٌ أن ما قال واقِعُ\nيَبيتُ يُجافِى جَنبَه عن فِراشِه ... إذا استَثقَلَتْ بالكافِرينَ المَضاجِعُ (^١)\nرَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ بُكَيرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا عَبَّادُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ ثابِتٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: سُئلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الشِّعرِ فقالَ: \"هو كَلامْ؛ فحَسَنُه حَسَنٌ وقَبيحُه قَبيحٌ\" (^٣).\nوَصَلَه جَماعَةٌ، والصحيحُ عن أبيه (^٤) عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلٌ.\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٣٩١.\n(^٢) البخارى (١١٥٥).\n(^٣) أبو يعلى (٤٧٦٠). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٥٥ من طريق هشام به.\n(^٤) فى الأصل، ص، م: \"عنه\".","vol":"21","page":198},{"text":"٢١١٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: سُئلَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: هَل كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَمَثَّلُ بشَئٍ مِنَ الشِّعرِ؟ قالَت: رُبَّما دَخَلَ وهو يقولُ: \"سَيأتيكِ بالأخبارِ مَن لَم تُزَوِّدِ\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الكَرابيسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ قَدِما عَلَينا بَيهَقَ وهُما صَحيحٌ سَماعُهُما، قالا: أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ المُقَدَّمِىُّ، حدثنا أبو مَعشَرٍ البَصرِىُّ يَعنِى البَراءَ، حَدَّثَنِى صَدَقَةُ بنُ طَيسَلَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى مَعنُ بنُ ثَعلَبَةَ المازِنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى الأعشَى المازِنِىُّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأنشَدتُه:\nيا مالكَ النّاسِ ودَيّانَ العَرَبْ\nإنِّى لَقِيتُ ذِربَةً مِنَ الذِّرَبْ\nغَدَوتُ أبغيها الطَّعامَ فى رَجَبْ\nوفِى رِوايَةِ الكَرابيسِىِّ:\nخَرَجتُ أبغيها فخَلَّفَتنِى بنِزاعٍ وحَرَبْ\nأخلَفَتِ العَهدَ ولَطَّت بالذَّنَبْ\nوهُنَّ شَرُّ غالِبٍ لِمَن غَلَبْ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٧٩٢)، وأبو يعلى (٤٩٤٥) من طريق سماك به.","vol":"21","page":199},{"text":"قال: فجَعَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَتَمَثَّلُها ويَقولُ: \"وهُنَّ شَرُّ غالِبٍ لِمَن غَلَبْ\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٥٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عَرعَرَةَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَزيدَ أبو مَعشَرٍ البَرَّاءُ، أنبأنا طَيسَلَةُ بنُ نُباتَةَ المازِنِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى والحَىُّ، عن أعشَى بنِ ماعِزٍ (^٢) قال: أتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأنشَدتُه. فذَكَرَه إِلَّا أنَّه قال: تَزَوَّجتُ ذِرْبَةً وقالَ: ذَهَبتُ أبغيها. وقالَ: فخالَفَتنِى بنِزاعٍ وهَرَب. ولَم يَذكُرِ البَيتَ الخامِسَ، وقالَ غَيرُه عن إبراهيمَ: طَيسَلَةُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ حَدَّثَنِى سِماكٌ -عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ- قال: قُلتُ له: رأيتَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، وكانَ طَويلَ الصَّمتِ، وكانَ أصحابُه يَتَناشَدونَ الشِّعرَ عِندَه، ويَذكُرونَ أشياءَ مِن أمرِ الجاهِليَّةِ ويَضحَكونَ، فيَتَبَسَّمُ مَعَهُم إذا ضَحِكوا (^٤).\n\n٢١١٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد اللَّه بن أحمد فى زوائد المسند (٦٨٨٥)، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ٦١، وأبو يعلى (٦٨٧١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٢٩٩ من طريق محمد بن أبى بكر به.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"لعله أعشى بنى مازن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات الكبرى ٧/ ٣٥ عن إبراهيم بن عرعرة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو الشيخ فى أخلاق النبى -ﷺ- ص ١٨، والطبرانى (٢٠١٧) من طريق عاصم بن على به. والطيالسى (٨٠٨)، والبغوى فى الجعديات (٢٠٨٧) من طريق قيس به. وتقدم فى (١٣٤٦٩).","vol":"21","page":200},{"text":"شَريكٌ، عن سِماكٍ قال: قُلتُ لِجابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ: أكُنتَ تُجالِسُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-؟ قال: نَعَم، وكانَ طَويلَ الصَّمتِ قَليلَ الضَّحِكِ، وكانَ أصحابُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَتَناشَدونَ الشِّعرَ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَتَبَسَّمُ (^١).\n\n٢١١٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ، عن أبى البِلادِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: رأيتُ ناسًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- يَتَناشَدونَ الشِّعرَ عِندَ البَيتِ أو حَولَ البَيتِ. لا أعلمُ إِلَّا قال: مُحرِمينَ. شَكَّ إبراهيمُ.\n\n٢١١٦٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ عن (^٢) كَثيرِ بنِ أفلَحَ قال: إنَّ آخِرَ مَجلِسٍ جالَسنا فيه زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ مَجلِسٌ تَناشَدنا فيه الشِّعرَ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ ابنُ أبى هاشِمٍ العَلَوِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الوالِبِىُّ قال: كُنّا نُجالِسُ أصحابَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فيَتَناشَدونَ الأشعارَ ويَتَذاكَرونَ أيّامَهُم فى الجاهِليَّةِ (^٤).\n\n٢١١٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٣٤٦٩).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٤٤٠) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٤٢٥) عن وكيع به.","vol":"21","page":201},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَر، عن مَطَرٍ الوَرّاقِ، عن مُطَرِّفِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: صَحِبتُ عِمرانَ بنَ حُصَينٍ مِنَ البَصرَةِ إلَى مَكَّةَ وكانَ يُنشِدُنِى كُلَّ يَومٍ، ثُمَّ قال لِى: إنَّ الشِّعرَ كَلامٌ، وإِنَّ مِنَ الكَلامِ حَقًّا وباطِلًا (^١).\n\n٢١١٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: كان شُعَراءُ أصحابِ محمدٍ -ﷺ- عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ رَواحَةَ وحَسَّانَ بنَ ثابِتٍ وكَعبَ بنَ مالكٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبَّارِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إذا قرأ أحَدُكُم شَيئًا مِنَ القُرآنِ فلَم يَدرِ ما تَفسيرُه فليَلتَمِسْه فى الشِّعرِ؛ فإِنَّه ديوانُ العَرَبِ (^٣).\nهذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\n\n٢١١٦٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبانا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ موسَى الحَمّارُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٩٧٤٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٦٤٣٩، ٢٦٤٦٦)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٥٧، ٨٨٥) من طريق آخر عن مطرف.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٢٨/ ٩٣ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٣) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٤٤٩ من طريق أسامة بن زيد به.","vol":"21","page":202},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، أنبأنا إسرائيلُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ مِنَ الشِّعرِ حِكمَةً، وإِذا التَبَسَ عَلَيكُم شَئٌ مِنَ القُرآنِ فالتَمِسوه مِنَ الشِّعرِ؛ فإِنَّه عَربِىٌّ\".\nاللَّفظُ الأوَّلُ قَد رَواه غَيرُ إسرائيلَ عن سِماكٍ، وأمّا اللَّفظُ الثّانِى فيَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ مِن قَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ فأُدرجَ فى الحَديثِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4355>بابُ الشَّاعِرِ يُكثِرُ الوَقيعَةَ فى النّاسِ على الغَضَبِ والحِرمانِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: رُدَّتْ شَهادَتُه بهِ (^١).\n\n٢١١٦٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ ابنُ الشَّرقِىِّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَيسَ الشَّديدُ بالصُّرَعَةِ، ولَكِنَّ الشَّديدَ الَّذِى يَملِكُ نَفسَه عِندَ الغَضَبِ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أخبرَنِى شُعَيبُ بنُ أبى حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى حُسَينٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نَوفَلُ بنُ مُساحِقٍ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب (١٧١)، ومالك ٢/ ٩٠٦. ومن طريقه أحمد (١٠٧٠٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٢٢٦).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦١١٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٠٩/ ١٠٧).","vol":"21","page":203},{"text":"عن سعيدِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مِن أربَى الرِّبا الاستِطالَةُ فى عِرضِ المُسلِمِ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ يَرويه قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أربَى الرِّبا شَتمُ الأعراضِ، وأشَدُّ الشَّتمِ الهِجاءُ، والراويةُ أحَدُ الشَّاتِمينَ\" هذا مُرسَلٌ، وهو يُؤَكِّدُ ما قَبلَه.\nورَواه عِمرانُ بنُ أنَسٍ المَكِّىُّ عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ عن عائشةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مَوصولًا باللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ (^٢). قال البخارىُّ: ولَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٢١١٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو صادِقِ ابنُ أبى الفَوارِسِ العَطَّارُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ البَيروتِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ شُعَيبِ بنِ شابورَ، أنبأنا شَيبانُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن سُلَيمانَ الأَعْمَشِ أنَّه حَدَّثَهُم عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ، عن عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ أعظَمَ النّاسِ فِريَةً لَرَجُلٌ هَجا رَجُلًا، فهَجا القَبيلَةَ بأَسْرِها، ورَجُلٌ انتَفَى مِن أبيه وزَنَّى أُمَّه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٥١)، وفى الشعب (٦٧١٠)، وفى الآداب (١٦٠)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٢٩٢. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٥١)، وأبو داود (٤٨٧٦) من طريق أبى اليمان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤٢٣، وأبو يعلى (٤٦٨٩) من طريق عمران بن أنس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٧٦١) من طريق شيبان به. والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٧٤)، وابن حبان =","vol":"21","page":204},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4356>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إعطاءِ الشُّعَراءِ</span>\n\n٢١١٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، أن شاعِرًا أتَى النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا بلالُ اقطَعْ عَنِّى لِسانَه\". فأعطاه أربَعينَ دِرهَمًا وحُلَّةً، قال: قَطَعتَ واللَّهِ لِسانِى، قَطَعتَ واللَّهِ لِسانِى (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nورُوِىَ عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ عن عمروٍ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ (^٢)، ولَيسَ بمَحفوظٍ.\n\n٢١١٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ الطّائفِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن نُجَيدِ بنِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه أعطَى شاعِرًا (^٣) فقيل له: يا أبا نُجَيدٍ، أتُعطِى شاعِرًا؟ قال: إنِّى افتَدِى عِرضِى مِنه.\n\n٢١١٧٢ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الحُلوانِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بَكّارٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الهِلالِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال\n_________\n= (٥٧٨٥) من طريق الأعمش به، وقال البوصيرى فى زوائد ابن ماجه: إسناده صحيح.\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (٧٨٩ - الجزء المفقود)، والعقيلى فى الضعفاء ٣/ ٤١٤ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) أخرجه العقيلى فى الضعفاء ٣/ ٤١٤ من طريق محمد بن مسلم به.\n(^٣) لم نجده فى المطبوع من الطيالسى، وعزاه له البوصيرى فى إتحاف المهرة ٧/ ٢٥٢ (٦٨٠٠).","vol":"21","page":205},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ مَعروفٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وما أنفَقَ الرَّجُلُ على نَفسِه وأهلِه كُتِبَت له صَدَقَةٌ، وما وقَى به الرَّجُلُ عِرضَه كُتِبَت له صَدَقَةٌ، وما أنفَقَ مِن نَفَقَةٍ فعَلَى اللَّهِ خَلَفُها، إلَّا ما كان فى بُنيانٍ أو مَعصيَةٍ\". قُلتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ: ما يَقِى به عِرضَهُ؟ قال: يُعطِى الشّاعِرَ وذا اللِّسانِ (^١).\n\n٢١١٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مِسوَرُ بنُ الصَّلتِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِه مَرفوعًا، إلَّا أنَّه قال: قال محمدٌ: فقُلنا لِجابِرٍ: ما أرادَ ما وقَى به المَرءُ عِرضهُ؟ قال: يَعنِى الشّاعِرَ وذا اللِّسانِ المُتَّقَى، كأنَّه يقولُ: الَّذِى يُتَّقَى لِسانُه (^٢).\nورَواه [غيرُه عن] (^٣) مِسوَرٍ نَحوَ حَديثِ الهِلالِىِّ، وهَذا الحَديثُ يُعرَفُ بهِما ولَيسا بالقَويَّينِ (^٤)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطيالسى (١٨١٩)، وعبد بن حميد (١٠٨١ - منتخب)، وابن عدى ٥/ ١٩٠٩، والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٨، والحاكم ٢/ ٥٠ من طريق عبد الحميد به، وقال الحاكم: هذا حديث صحيح، ولم يخرجاه. قال الذهبى: عبد الحميد ضعفوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف - ٧٨٨) مختصرًا، وأبو يعلى (٢٠٤٠)، وابن عدى ٦/ ٢٤٢٤ من طريق مسور به. وقال ابن عدى: وهذا الحديث عن مسور غير محفوظ.\n(^٣) (٣) فى م: \"غير\".\n(^٤) المسور بن الصلت. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٧/ ٤١١، والجرح والتعديل ٨/ ٢٩٨، والكامل فى الضعفاء ٦/ ٢٤٢٤.\nوعبد الحميد بن الحسن الهلالى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٥٤، والجرح والتعديل ٦/ ١١، وتهذيب الكمال ١٦/ ٤٢٥. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٤٦٧: صدوق يخطئ.","vol":"21","page":206},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4357>بابُ الشّاعِرِ يَمدَحُ النّاسَ بما لَيسَ فيهِم حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا ظاهِرًا كَذِبًا مَحضًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: رُدَّت شَهادَتُه بهِ (^١).\n\n٢١١٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَحمُويَه العَسكَرِىُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ القَلانِسِىُّ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا ذُكِرَ عِندَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فأثنَى عَلَيه رَجُل خَيرًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ويحَكَ، قَطَعتَ عُنُقَ صاحِبِكَ\". يَقولُه مِرارًا: \"إن كان أحَدُكُم مادِحًا أخاه لا مَحالَةَ فليقُلْ: أحسِبُ كَذا وكَذا -إن كان يَرَى أنَّه كَذاكَ- وحَسيبُه اللَّهُ. ولا يُزَكَّى أحَدٌ على اللَّهِ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٧٥ - حدثنا الشيخُ الإمامُ أبو الطَّيِّبِ سَهلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ ﵀ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أبى يَحيَى المِهرَجانِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرَةَ، عن أبيه قال: مَدَحَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"ويلَكَ، قَطَعتَ عُنُقَ صاحِبِكَ -مِرارًا- إذا كان أحَدُكُم\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٢٢)، ومسلم (٣٠٠/ ٦٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (١٠٠٦٨)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٤٤)، وابن حبان (٥٧٦٧) من طرق عن شعبة به. وأبر داود (٤٨٠٥) من طرق عن خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٦١).","vol":"21","page":207},{"text":"مادِحًا صاحِبَه لا مَحالَةَ فليقُلْ: أحسِبُ فُلانًا واللَّهُ حَسيبه، ولا أُزَكِّى على اللَّهِ أحَدًا، أحسِبُه -إن كان يَعلَمُ ذاكَ- كَذا وكَذا\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢١١٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو محمدٍ عمرُو بنُ إسحاقَ السَّكَنِىُّ (^٣) البخارىُّ، حدثنا صالِحُ بنُ محمدٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ ابنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ زَكَريّا، حدثنا بُرَيْدُ (^٤) بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى قال: سَمِعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- رَجُلًا يُثنِى على رَجُلٍ ويُطريه فى المِدحَةِ فقالَ: \"لَقَد أهلَكتُم -أو: قَطَعتُم- ظَهرَ الرَّجُلِ\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٦).\n\n٢١١٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى مَعمَرٍ قال: قامَ رَجُلٌ فأثنَى على أميرٍ مِنَ الأُمَراءِ، فجَعَلَ المِقدادُ يَحثو فى وجهِه التُّرابَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٠٤٦٢)، وابن حبان (٥٧٦٦) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٣٠٠٠/ ٦٥).\n(^٣) قال فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: ذكر أبو سعد السمعانى أنه منسوب إلى جد له اسمه السكن، وهذا السكنى محدث عصره ببلده، واللَّه أعلم\".\n(^٤) فى م: \"يزيد\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٩٢) عن محمد بن الصباح به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٢٦٦٣، ٦٠٦٠)، ومسلم (٣٠٠١/ ٦٧).","vol":"21","page":208},{"text":"وقالَ: أمَرَنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن نَحْثِىَ (^١) فى وُجوه المَدّاحينَ التُّرابَ (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإِسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ قالا: حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّ الصِّدقَ يَهدِى إِلَى البِرِّ، وَإِنَّ البِرَّ يَهدِى إلَى الجَنَّةِ، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَصدُقُ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ صِدِّيقًا، وإِنَّ الكَذِبَ يَهدِى إلَى الفُجورِ، وإِنَّ الفُجورَ يَهدِى إلَى النَّارِ، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَكذِبُ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ كَذَّابًا\" (^٤). رَواه البُخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورَواه مُسلِمُ عن أبى خَيثَمَةَ وعُثمانَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"نحثو\". وكلاهما صواب، وبالياء أفصح. ينظر معجم مقاييس اللغة ٢/ ١٣٧.\n(^٢) أحمد (٢٣٨٢٨). وأخرجه الترمذى (٢٣٩٣)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٤٢) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن مهدى به.\n(^٣) مسلم (٣٠٠٢/ ٦٨).\n(^٤) أبو يعلى (٥١٣٨)، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٢٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٣٧٢٧) من طريق منصور به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٨٥٤).\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٠٩٤)، ومسلم (٢٦٠٧/ ١٠٣).","vol":"21","page":209},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4358>بابُ الشَّاعِرِ يُشَبِّبُ بامرأةٍ بعَينِها، لَيسَت مِمّا يَحِلُّ له وطؤُها، فيُكْثِرُ فيها ويَبتَهِرُها </span>(^١)\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: رُدَّت شَهادَتُهُ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحسنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ والمَسعودِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الحارِثِ يُحَدِّثُ عن أبى كَثيرٍ الزُّبَيدِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إيّاكُم والظُّلمَ؛ فإنَّ الظُّلمَ ظُلُماتٌ يَومَ القِيامَةِ، وإيّاكُم والفُحشَ؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الفُحشَ ولا التَّفَحُّشَ، وإيَّاكُم والشُّحَّ؛ فإنَّه أهلَكَ مَن كان قَبلَكُم؛ أمَرَهُم بالقَطيعَةِ فقَطَعوا، وأمَرَهُم بالبخلِ فبَخِلوا، وأمَرَهُم بالفُجورِ ففَجَروا\". فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ الإسلامِ أفضَلُ؟ قال شُعبَةُ فى حَديثِه: \"مَن سَلِمَ المُسلِمونَ مِن لِسانِه ويَدِه\". وقالَ المَسعودِىُّ: \"أنْ يَسلَمَ المُسلِمونَ مِن لِسانِه ويَدِه\". فقامَ ذَلِكَ أو غَيرُه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أيُّ الهِجرَةِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"أنْ تَهجُرَ ما كَرِهَ رَبُّكَ\". وقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الهِجرَةُ هِجرَتانِ؛ هِجرَةُ الحاضِرِ، وهِجرَةُ البادِى؛ فأَمّا البادِى فيُجيبُ إذا دُعِىَ، ويُطيعُ إذا أُمِرَ، وأمّا الحاضِرُ فهو أعظَمُهُما بَلِيَّةً، وأفضَلُهُما أجرًا\". وقالَ المَسعودِىُّ: وناداه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أىُّ\n_________\n(^١) الابتهار: أن يقذفها بنفسه يقول: فعلت بها. كاذبا؛ فإن كان قد فعل فهو الابتيار. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٢٨٩.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.","vol":"21","page":210},{"text":"الشُّهَداءِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"أنْ يُعقَرَ جَوادُكَ ويُهَراقَ دَمُكَ\" (^١).\n\n٢١١٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سابِقٍ، حدثنا إسرائيلُ بنُ يونُسَ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عَلقَمَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ المُؤمِنُ بالطَّعَّانِ ولا اللَّعّانِ ولا الفاحِشِ البَذِئِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١١٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا حَنبَلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيلَ، عن المُجالِدِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كُنّا نَتَناشَدُ الأشعارَ عِندَ الكَعبَةِ، فأقبَلَ ابنُ الزُّبَيرِ إلَينا فقالَ: أفِى حَرَمِ اللَّهِ وعِندَ كَعبَةِ اللَّهِ تَناشَدُون (^٣) الشِّعرَ؟! فأقبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ كان معنا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ، إنَّه لَيسَ بكَ بأْسٌ إن لَم تُفسِدْ نَفسَكَ، إنَّ نَبِىَّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إنَّما نَهَى عن الشِّعرِ إذا أُبِنَت فيه النِّساءُ (^٤)، وبُذِّرَ فيه الأموالُ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (١٠٨٣٤)، والطيالسى (٢٣٨٦). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥١٧٦)، والحاكم ١/ ٤١٥ من طريق الطيالسى عن شعبة وحده به. وأحمد (٦٤٨٧، ٦٨٣٧)، وأبو داود (١٦٩٨)، والنسائى (٤١٧٦) من طريق شعبة به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٤٨٩).\n(^٢) الحاكم ١/ ١٢ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٣٨٣٩)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٣٣٢)، والترمذى (١٩٧٧) من طريق محمد بن سابق به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"تتناشدون\".\n(^٤) أبنت نيه النساء: أى ذكرت بقيح. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ١/ ٧.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ١٦٣ (٤١٣) من طريق أبى إسماعيل المؤدب به.","vol":"21","page":211},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4359>بابٌ: مَن شَبَّبَ فلَم يُسَمِّ أَحَدًا لَم تُرَدَّ شَهادَتُه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لأنَّه يُمكِنُ أنْ يُشَبِّبَ بامرأتِه وجاريَتِه (^١).\n\n٢١١٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الأسَدِىُّ بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ الحِزامِىُّ، حدثنا الحَجَّاجُ بنُ ذِى الرُّقَيبَةِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ كَعبِ بنِ زُهَيرِ بنِ أبى سُلمَى المُزَنِىُّ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: خَرَجَ كَعبٌ وبُجَيرٌ ابنا زُهَيرٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى إسلامِ بُجَيرٍ وما كان مِن شِعرِ كَعبٍ فيه، ثُمَّ قُدومِ كَعبٍ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وإِسلامِه وإِنشادِه قَصيدَتَه التى أوَّلُها:\nباتَتْ سُعادُ فقَلبِى اليَومَ مَتبولُ ... مُتَيَّمٌ عِندَها لَم يُفدَ مَغلولُ\nوما سُعادُ غَداةَ البَينِ إذ ظَعَنوا ... إلَّا أغَنُّ غَضيضُ الطَّرفِ مَكحولُ\nتَجلو عَوارِضَ ذِى ظَلْمٍ (^٢) إذا ابتَسَمَتْ ... كأنَّها مُنهَلٌ بالكأْسِ مَعلولُ\nوذَكَرَ القَصيدَةَ بطولِها، وهِىَ ثَمانيَةٌ وأربَعونَ بَيتًا، وفيها:\nأُنبِئتُ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ أوعَدَنِى ... والعَفوُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ مأْمولُ\nمَهلًا رسولَ المذِى أعطاكَ نافِلَةَ الـ ... ــفرقانِ (^٣) فيه مَواعيظٌ (^٤) وتَفصيلُ\nلا تأخُذَنِّى (^٥) بأقوالِ الوُشاةِ ولَم ... أُجرِمْ ولَو كَثُرَت عَنِّى الأقاويلُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٢) العوارض: الأسنان، والظلم: ماء الأسنان. شرح ديوان كعب بن زهير ص ٧.\n(^٣) فى س، وشرح ديوان كعب ص ١٩: \"القرآن\".\n(^٤) فى الأصل، م: \"مواعظ\"، وفى حاشية الأصل كالمثبت، وينظر شرح ديوان كعب ص ١٩.\n(^٥) فى م: \"تأخذن\".","vol":"21","page":212},{"text":"وفيها (^١):\nإنَّ الرسولَ لَنورٌ يُستَضاءُ به ... وصارِمٌ مِن سُيوفِ اللَّهِ مَسلولُ\nفى فِتيَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ قال قائلُهُم ... ببَطنِ مَكَّةَ لَمّا أسلَموا زُولُوا (^٢)\n\n٢١١٨٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ فُلَيحٍ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ قال: أنشَدَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- كَعبُ بنُ زُهَيرٍ \"بانَت سُعادُ\" فى مَسجِدِه بالمَدينَةِ، فلَمَّا بَلَغَ قَولَه:\nإنَّ الرَّسولَ لَسَيفٌ يُستَضاءُ به ... مُهَنَّدٌ مِن سُيوفِ اللَّهِ مَسلولُ\nفى فِتيَةٍ مِن قُرَيشٍ قال قائلُهُم ... ببَطنِ مَكَّةَ لَمّا أسلَموا زُولُوا\nأشارَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بكُمِّه إلَى الخَلقِ ليأْتوا فيَسمَعوا مِنه (^٣).\nبابُ ما يُكرَهُ أنْ يَكونَ الغالِبَ على الإنسانِ الشِّعرُ، حَتَّى يَصُدَّه عن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ والعِلمِ والقُرآنِ\n\n٢١١٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أيّوبَ الطُّوسِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا حَنظَلَةُ بنُ أبى سُفيانَ الجُمَحِىُّ المَكِّىُّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَأَنْ يَمتَلئَ جَوفُ أحَدِكُم قَيحًا خَيرٌ له مِن\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢٠٧ - ٢١٠، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٧٩ - ٥٨٢. والقصيدة فى شرح ديوان كعب بن زهير ص ٦ - ٢٥.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٥/ ٢١١، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٨٢.","vol":"21","page":213},{"text":"أنْ يَمتَلِئَ شِعرًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٢).\n\n٢١١٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَبسِىُّ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن الأَعْمَشِ، عن أبى صالِح، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَأنْ يَمتَلِئَ جَوفُ الرَّجُلِ قَيحًا يِرَيْه خَيرٌ مِن أنْ يَمتَلِئَ شِعرًا\" (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" من وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الأَعْمَشِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى سعيدٍ الأشَجِّ عن وكيعٍ (^٤)، وأخرَجَه أيضًا مِن حَديثِ سَعدِ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ مَرفوعًا (^٥).\n\n٢١١٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأحمَدُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن يُحَنِّسَ مَولَى مُصعَبِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: بَينَما نَحنُ نَسيرُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالعَرْجِ إذ عَرَضَ شَاعِرٌ يُنشِدُ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذوا الشَّيطانَ -أو: أمسِكوا الشَّيْطَانَ- لأنْ يَمتَلِئَ جَوفُ رَجُل قَيحًا خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَمتَلِئَ شِعرًا\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٢٧٤٧)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٨٧٠) عن عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وأحمد (٤٩٧٥)، وأبو يعلى (٥٥١٦) من طريق حنظلة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦١٥٤).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠١٩٧)، وابن ماجه (٣٧٥٩) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٥٠٠٩)، والترمذى (٢٨٥١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٧٧، ٥٧٧٩) من طرق عن الأعمش به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦١٥٥)، ومسلم (٢٢٥٧/ ٧).\n(^٥) مسلم (٢٢٥٨).\n(^٦) أخرجه أحمد (١١٠٥٧) عن قتيبة به.","vol":"21","page":214},{"text":"رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^١).\n\n٢١١٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: قال الأصمَعِىُّ: قَولُه: \"حَتَّى يَرِيَه\". هو مِنَ الوَرْىِ، وهو أنْ يَدْوَى جَوفُه (^٢).\n\n٢١١٨٨ - قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: وسَمِعتُ يَزيدَ بنَ هارونَ يُحَدِّثُ عن الشَّرقِىِّ بنِ القُطامِىِّ، عن مُجالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لأَنْ يَمتَلِئَ جَوفُ أحَدِكُم قَيحًا حَتَّى يَرِيَه خَيرٌ له مِن أن يَمتَلِئَ شِعرًا\" (^٢). يَعنِى مِنَ الشِّعرِ الَّذِى هُجِىَ به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-.\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: والَّذِى عِندِى فى هذا الحديثِ غَيرُ هذا القَولِ؛ لأَنَّ الَّذِى هُجِىَ به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لَو كان شَطرَ بَيتٍ لَكانَ كُفرًا، ولَكِنْ وجهُه عِندِى: أنْ يَمتَلِئَ قَلبُه حَتَّى يَغلِبَ عَلَيه فيَشغَلَه عن القُرآنِ وعن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ، فيَكونَ الغالِبَ عَلَيه، مِن أىِّ الشِّعرِ كانَ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الأسوَدُ بنُ شَيبانَ، حدثنا أبو نَوفَلِ ابنُ أبى عَقرَبٍ قال: قيلَ لِعائشَةَ -﵂-: أكانَ يُنشَدُ عِندَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الشِّعرُ؟\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٢٢٥٩/ ٩).\n(^٢) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٤، ٣٥.\n(^٣) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٦.","vol":"21","page":215},{"text":"فقالَت: كان أبغَضَ الحديثِ إلَيهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4360>بابُ مَن خَرَقَ أعراضَ النّاسِ يَسألُهُم أموالَهُم، وإِذا لَم يُعطوه إيّاها شَتَمَهُم</span>\nجَعَلَه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى مِثلِ مَعنَى الشاعِرِ فى رَدِّ شَهادَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١١٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يوسُفَ الزَّمِّىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو بكرِ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تَعِسَ عبدُ الدِّينارِ والدِّرهَمِ والقَطيفَةِ والخَميصَةِ، إنْ أُعطِىَ رَضِىَ، وِإنْ لَم يُعطَ لَم يَفِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يوسُفَ (^٤)، [ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مسلِمِ بنِ سَلَّامٍ] (^٥).\n\n٢١١٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى علىٍّ السَّقّاءُ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٥٩٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٢٠) من طريق الأسود بن شيبان به.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٧.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٤١٣٥)، وابن حبان (٣٢١٨) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به بنحوه.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٨٨٦).\n(^٥) فى نسخة المصنف: \"ومسلم بن سلام\". وليس فى الصحيحين بهذا الطريق، ولم نجد فى شيوخهما مسلم بن سلام، وفى حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية بخط الحافظ أبى القاسم. . . لم يخرجه مسلم، وليس فى شيوخه مسلم بن سلام\".","vol":"21","page":216},{"text":"محمدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ مَرزوقٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"تَعِسَ عبدُ الدّينارِ وعَبدُ الدِّرهَمِ وعَبدُ الخَميصَةِ، إنْ أُعطِىَ رَضِىَ، وِإنْ مُنِعَ سَخِطَ، تَعِسَ وانتَكَسَ، وإِذا شِيكَ فلا انتقَشَ\" (^١). وذَكَرَ الحديثَ. أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" فقالَ: وقالَ عمرٌو. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٢١١٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ عُروةَ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يقولُ: حَدَّثَتنا عائشَةُ -﵂- أنَّ رَجُلًا استأذَنَ على النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ائذَنوا له، فبِئسَ رَجُلُ العَشيرِ (^٣). أو: بئسَ رَجُلُ (^٤) العَشيرَةَ\". فلَمّا دَخَلَ ألانَ له القَولَ. قالَت عائشَةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، قُلتَ له الَّذِى قُلتَ، فلَمّا دَخَلَ البَيتَ ألَنتَ له القَولَ؟ قال: \"يا عائشَةُ، إنَّ شَرَّ النَّاسِ مَنزِلَةً يَومَ القيامَةِ مَن ودَعَه -أو: تَرَكَه- النّاسُ اتِّقاءَ فُحشِه\" (^٥). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٢٨٩). وتقدم فى (١٨٥٣٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٨٨٧).\n(^٣) فى م: \"العشيرة\".\n(^٤) فى م: \"رجلا\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٨١٠١)، والآداب (٢٢٣)، وابن عيينة فى جزئه (٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٢٤١٠٦)، وأبو داود (٤٧٩١)، والترمذى (١٩٩٦)، وابن حبان (٤٥٣٨).\n(^٦) البخارى (٦١٣١، ٦٠٥٤)، ومسلم (٢٥٩١/ ٧٣).","vol":"21","page":217},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4361>بابٌ: من عَضَهَ (^١) غَيرَه بحَدٍّ أو نَفىِ نَسَبٍ رُدَّت شَهادَتُه، وكَذَلِكَ مَن أكثَرَ النَّميمَةَ أوِ الغِيبَةَ</span>\n\n٢١١٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ سالِمٍ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا خالِدٌ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى الأشعَثِ الصَّنْعانِىِّ، عن عُبادَةَ بنِ الصّامِتِ قال: أخَذَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كما أخَذَ على النِّساءِ؛ ألا نُشرِكَ باللَّهِ شَيئًا، ولا نَسرِقَ، ولا نَزنِىَ، ولا نَقتُلَ أولادَنا، ولا يَعضَهَ بَعضُنا بَعضًا، فمَن وفَى مِنكُم فأجرُه على اللَّهِ، ومَن أتَى مِنكُم حَدًّا فأُقيمَ عَلَيه فهو كَفّارَتُه، ومَن سَتَرَه اللَّهُ عَلَيه فأمرُه إلَى اللَّهِ؛ إن شاءَ عَذَّبَه وإِن شاءَ غَفَرَ لَه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ سالِمٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثِنتانِ هِىَ فى النّاسِ كُفرٌ؛ نياحَةٌ على المَيِّتِ، وطَعنٌ فى النَّسَبِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن\n_________\n(^١) العضه: الرمى بالبهتان. ينظر مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٩٧.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٥١٣، وفضائل الأوقات (١٩٩)، والبعث والنشور (٢١). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٧٣٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٦٠٣) من طريق خالد به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧٠٩/ ٤٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٦٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٩٦٩٠)، والخرائطى فى مساوئ الأخلاق (٩٩) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وتقدم فى (٧١٩٢).","vol":"21","page":218},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبيه ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ عُبَيدٍ (^١).\n\n٢١١٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن زيادِ بنِ عِلاقَةَ، سَمِع أُسامَةَ بنَ شَريكٍ يقولُ: شَهِدتُ الأعرابَ يَسألونَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: هَل عَلَينا حَرَجٌ (^٢) فى كَذا؟ فقالَ: \"عِبادَ اللَّهِ، وضَعَ اللَّهُ الحَرَجَ إلَّا مَنِ اقتَرض مِن عِرضِ أَخِيهِ شَيئًا، فذَلِكَ الَّذِى حَرِجَ\". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما خَيرُ ما أُعطِىَ العَبدُ؟ قال: \"خُلُقٌ حَسَنٌ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١١٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا أبو مَسعودٍ أحمدُ بنُ الفُراتِ، حدثنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ الطَّنافِسِىُّ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ (ح) وأخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَجِدُ شَرَّ النّاسِ يَومَ القيامَةِ ذا الوَجهَينِ؛ الَّذِى يأتِى هَؤُلاءِ بحَديثِ هَؤلاءِ، وهَؤُلاءِ بحَديثِ هَؤُلاءِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ الطَّنافِسِىِّ: \"تَجِدُ مِن شِرارِ النّاسِ ذا الوَجهَينِ\". قال الأعمَشُ: \"الَّذِى يأتِى هَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ، وهَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (٦٧/ ١٢١).\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف: \"جناح\".\n(^٣) سعدان فى جزئه (٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٣٤٣٦)، وابن حبان (٦٠٦١) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به بنحوه. وتقدم فى (١٩٥٨٧). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٦٦: إسناده قوى ولم يخرجوه.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٧٩ مكرر)، والأربعين الصغرى (٩٨) والآداب (١٤٤). وأخرجه =","vol":"21","page":219},{"text":"٢١١٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصٌ وأبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه، وقبلَه (^١): \"مِن شِرارِ خَلقِ اللَّهِ ذو الوَجهَينِ، يأتِى هَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ، وهَؤُلاءِ بوَجهٍ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ عن أبيه عن الأعمَشِ باللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ (^٣).\n\n٢١١٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسوسِىُّ، حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَلْمَانَ (^٤)، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَنبغِى لِذِى الوَجهَينِ أن يَكونَ أمينًا\" (^٥).\n_________\n= ابن عساكر فى معجمه (١٠٠٨) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن جعفر به. وأحمد (١٠٤٢٧) عن يعلى بن عبيد وابن نمير به. وهناد فى الزهد (١١٣٩) من طريق يعلى به.\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: معناه أن الإسماعيلى قال بإسناده مثله، يعنى به مثل ما رواه قبله وهو من شرار خلق اللَّه ذو الوجهين واللَّه أعلم\". وقد ذكر ابن حجر هذه الرواية عن الإسماعيلى عن أبى شهاب عن الأعمش بهذا اللفظ. الفتح ١٠/ ٤٧٥.\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٥٨٥٣) من طريق أبى معاوية وحده. وأخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٠٩) من طريق حفص به. والترمذى (٢٠٢٥) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٥٨).\n(^٤) فى م: \"سليمان\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٨٠). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٨٩٠، ٨٧٨١)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٣١٣) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.","vol":"21","page":220},{"text":"٢١١٩٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ الفَضلُ بنُ دُكَينٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن الرُّكَينِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن نُعَيمِ بنِ حَنظَلَةَ، عن عَمّارِ بنِ ياسِرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كان ذا وجهَينِ فى الدُّنيا كان له لِسانانِ مِن نارٍ يَومَ القيامَةِ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٢٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سَعدٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا إسحاقَ يُحَدِّثُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الأحوَصِ يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال: إنَّ محمدًا -ﷺ- قال: \"ألا أُنَبئُكُم ما العَضْهُ (^٢)؟ هِىَ النَّميمَةُ؛ القالَةُ بَينَ النّاسِ\". وإِنَّ محمدًا -ﷺ- قال: \"إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَصدُقُ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ صِدّيقًا، وإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَكذِبُ حَتَّى يُكتَبَ عِندَ اللَّهِ كَذّابًا\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٣٩، ٢٤٠. وأخرجه الدارمى (٢٨٠٦)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٣١٠)، وأبو يعلى (١٦٢٠) -ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٥٧٥٦) - من طريق شريك به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"العضة\". وكذا فى المواضع الآتية، والمثبت ضبط الأصل، وكتب فى حاشيته: \"قلت: كثيرًا ما يقوله الرواة: العَضْه. بفتح العين وإسكان الضاد، والثابت فى كتب الغريب وعند من عنى بالضبط من الرواة العلماء الذين بلغنا قولهم فى ذلك: العِضَة. على وزن العِدَة، واللَّه أعلم\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٤١٦٠) عن محمد بن جعفر به مطولًا. وأبو يعلى (٥٣٦٣)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٣٩١) من طريق شعبة به. والدارمى (٢٧٥٧) من طريق أبى إسحاق بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (٢٦٠٦/ ١٠٢).","vol":"21","page":221},{"text":"٢١٢٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ وعَمرُو بنُ الحارِثِ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن سِنانٍ يَعنِى ابنَ سَعدٍ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"أتَدرونَ ما العَضْهُ؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُ أعلَمُ. قال: \"نَقلُ الحديثِ مِن بَعضِ النّاسِ إلَى بَعضٍ ليفسِدَ بَينَهُم\" (^١).\n\n٢١٢٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الفَرّاءُ، أنبأنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ الحارِثِ قال: كُنّا جُلوسًا عِندَ حُذَيفَةَ فمَرَّ رَجُلٌ فقالوا: هذا يَرفَعُ الحديثَ إلَى عثمانَ. فقالَ حُذَيفَةُ: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا يَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ قَتّاتٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَنصورٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٤٢٥) عن أحمد بن عيسى به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٣٩٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن وهب به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٦٧: سفيان ضُعِّف.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الأربعين الصغرى (٩٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٣٦٨) عن أبى نعيم به. والترمذى (٢٠٢٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (١١٦١٤)، وابن حبان (٥٧٦٥) من طريق منصور به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٠٥٦)، ومسلم (١٠٥/ ١٦٩).","vol":"21","page":222},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو كَشْمَرْدُ، أنبأنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ جابِرِ بنِ عَتيكٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا حَدَّثَ الرَّجُلُ بحَديثٍ ثُمَّ التَفَتَ فهِىَ أمانَةٌ\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ القَعنَبِىِّ.\n\n٢١٢٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ قال: قَرأْتُ على عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ قال: أخبرَنِى ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ أخِى جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المَجالِسُ بالأمانَةِ إلّا ثَلاثَةَ مَجالِسَ؛ سَفكُ دَمٍ حَرامٍ، أو فرجٌ حَرامٌ، أوِ اقتِطاعُ مالٍ بغَيرِ حَقٍّ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن العَلاءِ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٨٧٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٤٧٤، ١٥٠٦٢)، وأبو داود (٤٨٦٨)، والترمذى (١٩٥٩) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به، وقال الترمذى: حسن. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٧٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ١٠١، وأبو داود (٤٨٦٩). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٦٩٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن نافع به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٣٧).","vol":"21","page":223},{"text":"قال: \"أتَدْرُونَ ما الغِيبَةُ؟ \". قالوا: اللَّهُ ورسولُه أعلَمُ. قال: \"ذِكرُكَ أخاكَ بما يَكرَهُ\". قيلَ: أفَرأيتَ إن كان فى أخِى ما أقولُ؟ قال: \"إن كان فيه ما تَقولُ فقَدِ اغتَبتَه، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ فيه ما تَقولُ فقَد بَهَتَّه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ أيّوبَ وغَيرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٠٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الأسفاطِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يونُسَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى بَرزَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يا مَعشَرَ مَن آمَنَ بلِسانِه ولَم يَدخُلِ الإيمانُ قَلبَه، لا تَغتابوا المُسلِمينَ، ولا تَتَّبِعوا عَوْراتِهِم؛ فإِنَّه (^٣) مَن اتَّبَعَ عَورَةَ أخيه المُسلِمِ اتَّبَعَ اللَّهُ عَورَتَه، وفَضَحَه وهو فى بَيتِه\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ على المُقرِئُ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ ﵀، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الوَرّاقُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو يعلى (٦٤٩٣)، وإسماعيل بن جعفر فى حديثه (٢٥٠). ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (١١٥١٨)، وابن حبان (٥٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٧١٤٦)، وأبو داود (٤٨٧٤)، والترمذى (١٩٣٤) من طريق العلاء به.\n(^٢) مسلم (٢٥٨٩/ ٧٠).\n(^٣) فى م: \"فإن\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الشعب (٦٧٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٧٧٦)، وأبو داود (٤٨٨٠) من طريق أبى بكر ابن عياش به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤٠٨٣): حسن صحيح.","vol":"21","page":224},{"text":"الثَّورِىُّ، عن على بنِ الأقمَرِ، عن أبى حُذَيفَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: حَكَيتُ إنسانًا، فقالَ لِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"ما أُحِبُّ أنِّى حَكَيتُ إنسانًا (^١) وأنَّ لِى كَذا وكَذا\".\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4362>بابُ ما يُكرَهُ مِن رِوايَةِ الإرجافِ وإن لَم يَقدَحْ فى الشَّهادَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أنبأنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ قال: حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو قِلابَةَ الجَرْمِىُّ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرْمِىُّ لأبِى مَسعودٍ: كَيفَ سَمِعتَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ فى زَعَموا؟ قال: سَمِعتُه يقولُ: \"بئسَ مَطيَّةُ الرَّجُلِ\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4363>باب: المِزاحُ لا تُرَدُ به الشَّهادَةُ، ما لَم يَخرُجْ فى المِزاحِ إلَى عَضْهِ النَّسَبِ، أو عَضْهٍ بَحَدٍّ أو فاحِشَةٍ</span>\n\n٢١٢٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ عَبدوسُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مَنصورٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا الأنصارِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ، عن أنَسٍ قال: كان ابنٌ لأُمِّ سُلَيمٍ يُقالُ له: أبو عُمَيرٍ، كان النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- رُبَّما يُمازِحُه إذا جاءَ، فدَخَلَ يَومًا يُمازِحُه فوَجَدَه حَزينًا فقال: \"ما لِى\n_________\n(^١) حكيت إنسانًا: فعلت مثل فعله، أو قلت مثل قوله تحقيرًا. ينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ٤٢٠.\nوالحديث عند البغوى فى الجعديات (١٧٥٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٩٦٤)، وأبو داود (٤٨٧٥)، والترمذى (٢٥٠٢، ٢٥٠٣) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٦٨: أبو حذيفة لا يعرف.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٧٥)، وأبو داود (٤٩٧٢) من طريق الأوزاعى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٦٨: فيه إرسال. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٥٨).","vol":"21","page":225},{"text":"أرَى أبا عُمَيرٍ حَزينًا؟ \". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ماتَ نُغْرُه (^١) الَّذِى كان يَلعَبُ به. فجَعَلَ يُنادِيهِ: \"يا أبا عُمَيرٍ، ما فعَلَ النُّغَيْرُ؟ \" (^٢).\n\n٢١٢١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا استَحمَلَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنّا حامِلوكَ على ولَدِ ناقَةٍ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما أصنَعُ بوَلَدِ ناقَةٍ؟ فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وهَل تَلِدُ الإبِلَ إلَّا النّوقُ؟ \" (^٣).\n\n٢١٢١١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ، حدثنا شَريكٌ، عن عاصِمٍ، عن أنَسٍ قال: قال لِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"يا ذا الأُذُنَينِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٢١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أنبانا أبو الحَسَنِ (^٥) أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ العَلاءِ بنِ زَبْرٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ بُسْرَ بنَ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"نغيره\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٦. وتقدم فى (١٠٠٨٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٦، ٢٥٧. وأخرجه أحمد (١٣٨١٧)، وأبو داود (٤٩٩٨)، والترمذى (١٩٩١) من طريق خالد بن عبد اللَّه به. وقال الترمذى: حسن صحيح غريب. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٨٠).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٧، وأبو داود (٥٠٠٢). وأخرجه أحمد (١٢١٦٤)، والترمذى (١٩٩٢) من طريق شريك به. وقال الترمذى: هذا حديث حسن غريب صحيح. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٨٢).\n(^٥) فى م: \"الحسين\".","vol":"21","page":226},{"text":"الحَضرَمِىَّ، عن أبى إدريسَ الخَولانِىِّ، عن عَوفِ بنِ مالكٍ الأشجَعِىِّ قال: أتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ وهو فى خِباء مِن أدَمٍ، فجَلَستُ بفِناءِ الخِباءِ فسَلَّمتُ، فرَدَّ وقالَ: \"ادخُلْ يا عَوفُ\". فَقُلتُ: أكُلِّى أم بَعضِى؟ قال: \"كُلُّكَ\". فدَخَلتُ (^١).\n\n٢١٢١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ داسَةَ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى العاتِكَةِ قال: إنَّما قال: كُلِّىُ، مِن صِغَرِ القُبَّةِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن ثابِتٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أهلِ الباديَةِ كان اسمُه زاهِرَ بنَ حِزامٍ أو حَرامٍ. قال: وكانَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يُحِبُّه، وكانَ دَميمًا، فأتاه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَومًا وهو يَبيعُ مَتاعَه، فاحتَضَنَه مِن خَلفِه وهو لا يُبصرُه، فقالَ: أرسِلْنِى، مَن هذا؟ فالتَفَتَ فعَرَفَ النَّبِىَّ، فجَعَلَ لا يألو ما ألزَقَ ظَهرَه بصَدرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حينَ عَرَفَه، وجَعَلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن يَشتَرِى العَبدَ؟ \". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إذًا واللَّهِ تَجِدُنِى كاسِدًا. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَكِن عِندَ اللَّهِ لَستَ بكاسِدٍ\". أو قال: \"لَكِنْ عِندَ اللَّهِ أنتَ غالٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٣٨٣. وأخرجه أبو داود (٥٠٠٠)، وابن ماجه (٤٠٤٢)، وابن حبان (٦٦٧٥) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به مطولًا. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٨١).\n(^٢) أبو داود (٥٠٠١). وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (١٠٦٤): ضعيف الإسناد مقطوع.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٧، وعبد الرزاق (١٩٦٨٨)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٢٦٤٨)، =","vol":"21","page":227},{"text":"لَم يُثبِتْه شَيخُنا، وفيه خِلافٌ؛ فقيلَ: حِزامٌ. وقيلَ: حَرامٌ. قال: قال عبدُ الغَنِىِّ الحافظُ: حَرامٌ بالرّاءِ أصَحُّ.\n\n٢١٢١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو محمدِ ابنُ أبى حامِدٍ المُقرِئُ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قيلَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ تُداعِبُنا. فقالَ: \"إنِّى لا أقولُ إلَّا حَقًّا\" (^١).\n\n٢١٢١٦ - وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريك، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيْثُ، عن ابنِ عَجلانَ، عن سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"لا أقولُ إلَّا حَقًّا\". قال بَعضُ أصحابِه: إنَّكَ تُلاعِبُ يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: \"لا أقولُ إلَّا حَقًّا\" (^٢).\nورَوَى عِكرِمَةُ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا أنَّه كانَت فيه دُعابَةٌ:\n_________\n= والترمذى فى الشمائل (٢٣١)، وابن حبان (٥٧٩٠). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧٠: رواته ثقات، ولم يخرجه الستة لنكارته.\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٥، ٢٥٦. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٩٩٠) عن عباس بن محمد الدورى به، وقال: حسن صحيح. وأحمد (٨٧٢٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن المبارك به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: قال بعض أصحابه: إنك تلاعب يا رسول اللَّه. قال: \"لا أقول إلا حقا\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٦١). وأخرجه أحمد (٨٤٨١)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (٢٦٥) من طريق اليث بن سعد به. والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨٧٠٦) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧٠: سنده صالح.","vol":"21","page":228},{"text":"٢١٢١٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن أبى عُبَيدٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن خالِدٍ الحَذّاءِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ يَرفَعَه (^١).\nقال أبو عُبَيدٍ: قَولُه: الدُّعابَةُ، يَعنِى المِزاحَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو علىٍّ إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ الأشعَثِ السِّجِستانِىُّ وهو أبو داودَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عثمانُ الدِّمَشقِىُّ، حدثنا أبو كَعبٍ أيّوبُ بنُ محمدٍ السَّعدِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَبيبٍ المُحارِبِىُّ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا زَعيمٌ ببَيتٍ فى رَبَضِ الجَنَّةِ لِمَن تَرَكَ المِراءَ وإِن كان مُحِقًّا، وببَيتٍ فى وسَطِ الجَنَّةِ لِمَن تَرَكَ الكَذِبَ وإِن كان مازحًا، وبِبَيتٍ فى أعلَى الجَنَّةِ لِمَن حَسُنَ خُلُقُه\" (^٣).\n\n٢١٢١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: حدثنا أصحابُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ١/ ٣٣١. وأخرجه أحمد فى العلل (٢٢٤٧)، وأبو الشيخ فى أخلاق النبى ص ٩٠، ٩١ من طريق خالد الحذاء به.\n(^٢) غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٣٣٢.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٤٨٠٠). وأخرجه الطبرانى (٧٤٨٨) من طريق أبى الجماهر محمد بن عثمان الدمشقى به.\nوقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧٠: السعدى يكنى أبا كعب، شامى، وقيل: اسم أبيه: موسى. وفيه جهالة.","vol":"21","page":229},{"text":"محمدٍ -ﷺ- أنَهُم كانوا يَسيرونَ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فنامَ رَجُلٌ مِنهُم، فانطَلَقَ بَعضُهُم إلَى أحبُلٍ مَعَهُ فأخَذَها ففَزِعَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَحِلُّ لِمُسلِمٍ يُرَوِّعَ مُسلِمًا\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4364>بابُ ما جاءَ فى: \"أكذَبُ النّاسِ الصَّبّاغونَ والصَّوّاغونَ</span>\"\n\n٢١٢٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطيَّالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن فرقَدٍ السَّبَخِىِّ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الشِّخّيرِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"اكذَبُ النّاسِ الصَّبّاغونَ والصَّوّاغونَ\" (^٢).\nهذا هو المَحفوظُ؛ حَديثُ هَمّامٍ عن فرقَدٍ، وأخطأ فيه (^٣) بَعضُهم على هَمّامٍ؛ فقالَ: عنه عن قَتادَةَ عن يَزيدَ. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: عنه عن قَتادَةَ عن أنَسٍ (^٤). وكِلاهُما باطِلٌ، ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن أبى هريرةَ (^٥)، وقيلَ: عن أبى سعيدٍ مَرفوعًا (^٦).\n\n٢١٢٢١ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الآداب ص ٢٥٨، وأبو داود (٥٠٠٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٠٦٤) عن عبد اللَّه بن نمير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٤١٨٤).\n(^٢) الطيالسى (٢٦٩٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٩٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٢١٥٢) من طريق همام به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧١: فرقد وثقه ابن معين. وقال أحمد: ليس بقوى. وقال الدارقطنى وغيره: ضعيف.\n(^٣) بعده فى الأصل، س، م: \"عن\".\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٢٨٨ من طريق همام به.\n(^٥) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٩٥، والمجروحين لابن حبان ٢/ ٣١٣.\n(^٦) ينظر الكامل لابن عدى ٦/ ٢٢٩٥.","vol":"21","page":230},{"text":"أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أيّوبَ المُخَرِّمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ موسَى البَلخِىُّ قال: سألتُ أبا عُبَيدٍ القاسِمَ بنَ سَلَّامٍ عن تَفسيرِ هذا، فقالَ: أمّا الصَّبّاغُ فهو الَّذِى يَزيدُ فى الحديثِ ألفاظًا يُزَيِّنُه بها، وأمّا الصّائغُ فهو الَّذِى يَصوغُ الحديثَ لَيسَ له أصلٌ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كَذا قال فيما رُوِىَ عنه، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به العامِلَ بيَدَيه، وهو صَريحٌ فيما رُوِىَ فيه عن أبى سعيدٍ، وإِنَّما نَسَبَه إلَى الكَذِبِ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- لِكَثرَةِ مَواعيدِه الكاذِبَةِ مَعَ عِلمِه بأنَّه لا يَفِى بها، وفِى صِحَّةِ الحديثِ نَظَرٌ.\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ شَهادَةَ مَن يأخُذُ الجُعْلَ على الخَيرِ (^٢)، وقَد مَضتِ الدِّلالَةُ على جَوازِه فى كِتابِ الإجارَةِ (^٣) وكِتابِ قَسْمِ الفَئِ والغَنيمَةِ وغَيرِهِما. وذَكَرَ شَهادَةَ السُّؤالِ (٢)، وقَد مَضَتِ الدِّلالَةُ على مَن يَجوزُ له السُّؤالُ ومَن لا يَجوزُ فى كِتابِ قَسمِ الصَّدَقاتِ (^٤). وذَكَرَ شَهادَةَ مَن يأتِى الدَّعوَةَ بغَيرِ دُعاءٍ (^٥)، وقَد مَضَى الخَبَرُ فيه فى كِتابِ الوَليمَةِ (^٦)، فلا مَعنَى\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ١٦١. وذكره الخطيب فى تاريخه ١٤/ ٢١٦ من طريق يحيى بن موسى البلخى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧١: قال الدارقطنى: إبراهيم ليس بثقة، حدث بموضوعات.\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٠٨.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢٠١١ - ١٢٠١٦).\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٣٤٩١ - ١٣٦٤٥).\n(^٥) الأم ٦/ ٢١٠.\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٤٦٥٧ - ١٤٦٦١).","vol":"21","page":231},{"text":"لِلإِعادَةِ. وكُلُّ مَن كان على شَئٍ تُرَد به شَهادَتُه، قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: إنَّما تُرَدُّ شَهادَتُه ما كان عَلَيه، فإِذا نَزَعَ وتابَ قُبِلَت شَهادَتُه (^١).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فيه فى بابِ شَهادَةِ القاذِفِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4365>بابُ شَهادَةِ ولَدِ الزِّنا</span>\nقَد مَضَى فى حَديثِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُؤمِنونَ شُهداءُ اللَّهِ فى الأرضِ\" (^٣). ورُوَّينا عن عَطاءٍ والشَّعبِىِّ أنَّهُما قالا: تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ ولَدِ الزِّنا (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا السِّراجُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى ولَدِ الزِّنا قال: لا يَفضُلُه ولَدُ الرِّشدَةِ إلَّا بالتَّقوَى (^٥).\n\n٢١٢٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الرَّفّاءُ البَغدادِىُّ، أنبانا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ فى ولَدِ الزِّنا: إنَّ أصلَهُ لَأصلُ سوءٍ، وإِذا حَسُنَت حالَتُه ومُروءَتُه جازَت شَهادَتُه. وكانوا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢١٠.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢٠٥٧٥ - ٢٠٥٩٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢٠٤١٦، ٢٠٩٥١).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٧٤).\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٧٤).","vol":"21","page":232},{"text":"يَرَونَ عِتقَه حَسَنًا (^١)\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4366>بابُ ما جاءَ فى شَهادَةِ البَدَوِى على القَرَوِىِّ</span>\n\n٢١٢٢٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ دَعلَجُ بنُ أحمدَ السِّجزِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ صَلاحٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ ونافِعُ بنُ يَزيدَ [عن يزيدَ] (^٢) بنِ الهادِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَمرِو بنِ عَطاءٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ بَدَوِىٍّ على صاحِب قَريَةٍ\" (^٣).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ ورَدَ فى الشَّهادَةِ على الإعسارِ (^٤)، وفيما يُعتَبَرُ أنْ يَكونَ الشّاهِدُ فيه مِن أهلِ الخِبرَةِ الباطِنَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ أبو سُلَيمانَ الخَطّابِىُّ ﵀ فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ إنَّما كَرِه شَهادَةَ أهلِ البَدوِ لِما فيهِم مِنَ الجَفاءِ فى الدّينِ والجَهالَةِ بأحكامِ الشَّريعَةِ؛ لأنَّهُم فى الغالِبِ لا يَضبِطونَ الشَّهادَةَ على وجهِها، ولا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٧٤).\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٦٦). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٠٢) من طريق يحيى بن أيوب ونافع بن يزيد به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٦٧) من طريق نافع بن يزيد به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٠٦٩).\n(^٤) فى م: \"الاعتبار\".","vol":"21","page":233},{"text":"يُقيمونَها على حَقِّها؛ لِقُصورِ عِلمِهِم عَمّا يُحيلُها ويُغَيِّرُها عن جِهَتِها (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4367>بابُ ما جاءَ فى الغُلامِ يَشهَدُ قبلَ أن يَبلُغَ، والعَبدِ قبلَ أن يَعتِقَ، والكافِرِ قبلَ أن يُسلِمَ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَ الصَّبِىُّ، وعَتَقَ العَبدُ، وأسلَمَ الكافِرُ وكانوا عُدولًا فشَهِدوا بها</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قُبِلَت شَهاداتُهُم (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ قال: حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَسَنِ أنَّه كان يقولُ فى العَبدِ والذِّمِّىِّ: إذا شَهِدا رُدَّت شَهادَتُهُما، ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ هذا وأسلَمَ هذا أنَّهُما تَجوزُ شَهادَتُهُما (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٢٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ مَهدِىٍّ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن عَمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ وعَطاءٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: شَهادَتُهُم جائزَةٌ. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4368>بابُ الشَّهادَةِ على الشَّهادَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) معالم السنن ٤/ ١٦٩، ١٧٠.\n(^٢) الأم ٧/ ٤٧.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٤٣)، وعنده: معاذ بن معاذ. بدلًا من: معاذ بن هشام.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٤٧).","vol":"21","page":234},{"text":"الأعمَشِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"تَسمَعونَ، ويُسمَعُ مِنكُم، ويُسمَعُ مِمَّن يَسْمَعُ مِنكُم\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4369>باب ما جاءَ فى الشَّهادَةِ على الشَّهادَةِ فى حُدودِ اللَّهِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسرائيلَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن مَسروقٍ وشُرَيحٍ أنَّهُما قالا: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةٌ على شَهادَةٍ فى حَدٍّ، ولا يُكفَلُ فى حَدٍّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٢٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن حَسَنٍ، عن لَيثٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ قالا: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةٌ على شَهادَةٍ فى حَدٍّ (^٣).\nورُوّيناه عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٤) وإِبراهيمَ (^٥)، وقَد مَضَتِ الأخبارُ فيه فى دَرءِ الحُدودِ بالشُّبُهاتِ فى كِتابِ الحُدودِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الحاكم ١/ ٩٥ وصححه. وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٥٩) من طريق جرير به. وأحمد (٢٩٤٥)، وابن حبان (٦٢) من طريق الأعمش به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣١٠٧).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٣٩١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٧٦٢) عن إسرائيل به.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٣٩٠).\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٤٥٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٣٨٨).\n(^٥) ينظر الآثار لأبى يوسف (٧٤٣)، ومصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٩٣٨٩).\n(^٦) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٧١٣٩ - ١٧١٤٨).","vol":"21","page":235},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4370>بابُ ما جاءَ فى شَهادَةِ المُختَبِئِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ قَيسٍ، عن كُلثومِ بنِ الأقمَرِ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: لا أُجيزُ (^١) شَهادَةَ مُختَبِئٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٣١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ قال: حَدَّثَنيه رَقَبَةُ، عن بَيانٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه كان لا يُجيزُ شَهادَةَ المُختَبِئِ (^٣). قال: ثُمَّ سَمِعتُه مِن بَيانٍ.\n\n٢١٢٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا الشَّيبانِىُّ، عن محمدِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِىِّ، أنَّ عَمرَو بنَ حُرَيثٍ كان يُجيزُ شَهادَتَه ويَقولُ: كَذَلِكَ يُفعَلُ بالخائنِ والفاجِرِ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وبِهَذا نَقولُ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فيما حُكِىَ عنه: لأنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- أجازَ شَهادَةَ الَّذينَ رَصَدوا رَجُلًا يَزنِى، ولَكِن لَم يَتِمّوا أربَعَةً. قال: وهَذا أشبَهُ القَولَينِ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) كتب عليها فى الأصل: \"صح\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٧٦) من طريق الأسود بن قيس به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٧٧) من طريق بيان أبى بشر به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٧٦).\n(^٥) ينظر الأم ٧/ ١٤.","vol":"21","page":236},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4371>بابُ ما جاءَ فى عَدَدِ شُهودِ الفَرعِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافط، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ قال: حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن إسماعيلَ الأزرَقِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: لا تَجوزُ شَهادَةُ الشّاهِدِ على الشّاهِدِ حَتَّى يَكونا اثنَينِ (^١).\nقال الشيحُ ﵀: قَد أعادَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ ههُنا بابَ الشَّهادَةِ على الحُدودِ، وقَد ذَكَرنا الأخبارَ والآثارَ فيه فى كِتاب اِلحُدودِ (^٢) وكِتابِ السَّرِقَةِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4372>بابُ الرُّجوعِ عن الشَّهادَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: عن سُفيانَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، جَميعًا عن مُطَرِّفٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ شَهِدا عِندَ علىٍّ -﵁- على رَجُلٍ بالسَّرِقَةِ، فقَطَعَ علىٌّ يَدَه، ثُمَّ جاءا بآخَرَ فقالا: هذا هو السّارِقُ لا الأوَّلُ. فأغرَمَ علىٌّ -﵁- الشّاهِدَينِ ديَةَ يَدِ المَقطوعِ الأوَّلِ، وقالَ: لَو أعلمُ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٤١٩).\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٧١٢٤ - ١٧١٢٧، ١٧٢١٧، ١٧٥٨٠).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٧٣٤٢).","vol":"21","page":237},{"text":"أنَّكُما تَعَمَّدْتُما لَقَطَعتُ أيديَكُما. ولَم يَقطَعِ الثّانِى. لَفظُ حَديثِ هُشَيمٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ سُفيانَ عن مُطَرِّفٍ فقالا: وأخطأْنا على الأوَّلِ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٣٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، عن هُشَيْمٍ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: إذا شَهِدَ شاهِدانِ على [قَتلٍ، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ] (^٢) القاتِلُ، ثُمَّ يَرجِعُ أحَدُ الشّاهِدَينِ، قُتِلَ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا فيه إذا قال: عَمَدتُ أنْ أشهَدَ عَلَيه ليُقتَلَ. والأوَّلُ فى الخَطأ.\n\n٢١٢٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه شَهِدَ عِندَه رَجُل بشَهادَةٍ وأمضَى (^٤) الحُكمَ فيها، فرَجَعَ الرَّجُلُ بَعدُ، فلَم يُصَدِّقْ قَولَه (^٥).\nيَعنِى فلَم يَنقُضِ الأوَّلَ، ولَم يُصَدِّقْ قَولَه فى الرُّجوعِ، ثُمَّ التَّغريمُ فيما يَكونُ إتلافًا على ما مَضَى.\n\n٢١٢٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ الدُّورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُصعَبٍ، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٦٩).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"قَتْل قُتِل\"، وفى أصل المصنف: \"القتل فقتل\".\n(^٣) ينظر عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٥٨).\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"شريح\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥١٢، ١٨٤٦٦) عن سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"21","page":238},{"text":"قال: سألتُ الزُّهرِىَّ عن رَجُلٍ شَهِدَ عِندَ الإمامِ فأثبَتَ الإمامُ شَهادَتَه، ثُمَّ دُعِىَ لها فبَدَّلَها، أتَجوزُ شَهادَتُه الأولَى أوِ الآخِرَةُ؟ قال: لا شَهادَةَ له فى الأولَى ولا فى الآخِرَةِ.\nقال الشيخُ: وهَذا فى الرُّجوعِ قبلَ إمضاءِ الحُكمِ بالأولَى.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4373>بابُ عِلم الحاكِمِ بحالِ مَن قَضَى بشَهادَتِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الصَّبّاحِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَخرَمِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن سَعدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أحدَثَ فى أمرِنا ما لَيسَ فيه (^١) فهو رَدٌّ\". قال ابنُ عيسَى: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صَنَعَ أمرًا على غَيرِ أمرِنا فهو رَدٌّ\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ (^٣)، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ مِن حَديثِ إبراهيمَ وعَبدِ اللَّه بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"منه\".\n(^٢) أبو داود (٤٦٠٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٤٧٢، ٢٦١٩١) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن جعفر به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٣٩٧).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٧١٨/ ١٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٩٧)، ومسلم (١٧١٨/ ١٨).","vol":"21","page":239},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4374>كتابُ الدعوى والبيناتِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4375>باب: البَيِّنَةُ على المُدَّعِى، واليَميُن على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى ملَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو يُعطَى النّاسُ بدَعواهُم لادَّعَى ناسٌ دِماءَ قَومٍ وأموالَهم، ولَكِنَّ اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^١).\n\n٢١٢٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: أخبرَنِى أبو عَمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونسَ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو الطاهرِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الطّاهِرِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عَمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا نَصرُ بنُ علىٍّ الجَهضَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بن داودَ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، أنَّ امرأتَينِ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠٩٠٥).\n(^٢) فى الأصل، م: \"يوسف\". وتقدم على الصواب مرارًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٣٢١)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٣) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن وهب به. وينظر ما تقدم قبله.\n(^٤) بعد فى الأصل، س، م: \"عن ابن وهب\".\nوالحديث عند مسلم (١٧١١/ ١).","vol":"21","page":241},{"text":"كانَتا تَخرِزانِ فى بَيتٍ، فخَرَجَت إحداهُما وقَد أُنفِذَ بإِشفَى (^١) فى كَفِّها، فرُفِعَت إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ، فقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَو يُعطَى النّاسُ بدَعواهُم لَذَهَبَ دِماءُ قَومٍ وأموالُهُم\". ذَكِّروها باللَّهِ، واقرَءوا عَلَيها: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧]. فذَكَّروها فاعتَرَفَت. وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن نَصرِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٣).\nعلى هذا رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ.\n\n٢١٢٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبانا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ هو ابنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: رُفِعَ إلَىَّ امرأةٌ تَزعُمُ أنَّ صاحِبَتَها وجَأتها بإِشفَى حَتَّى ظَهَرَ مِن كَفِّها، فسألَتُ ابنَ عباسٍ فقالَ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو يُعطَى النّاسُ بدَعواهُم لادَّعَى رِجالٌ دِماءَ رِجالٍ وأموالَهم، ولكنَّ البَيِّنَةَ على الطالِبِ واليَمينَ على المَطلوبِ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَهلٍ،\n_________\n(^١) هى الحديدة التى يخرز بها. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٠.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥١٩٣)، وابن حبان (٥٠٨٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وتقدم فى (١٠٩٠٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٤٥٥٢).\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٧٢) من طريق صفوان بن صالح به. وينظر ما تقدم قبله.","vol":"21","page":242},{"text":"حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وعُثمانُ بنُ الأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيْكَةَ قال: كُنتُ قاضيًا لاِبنِ الزُّبَيرِ على الطّائفِ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ المَرأتَينِ قال: فكَتَبتُ إلَى ابنِ عباسٍ، فكَتَبَ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄-: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو يُعطَى النّاسُ بدَعواهُم لادَّعَى رِجالٌ أموالَ قَومٍ ودِماءَهُم، ولَكِنَّ البَيِّنَةَ على المُدَّعِى، واليَمينَ على مَن أنكَرَ\". وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عَبدوسٍ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ واللَّفظُ له، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بشرٍ، عن نافِعِ بنِ (^٢) عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-: أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى باليَمينِ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وخَلَّادٍ عن نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٤).\nوَقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الشَّهاداتِ بطولِهِ (^٥).\nعلى هذا رِوايَةُ الجُمهورِ عن نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ الجُمَحِىِّ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٧١).\n(^٢) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"صح\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٠١، ٢٩٥٣١). وتقدم فى (١١٥٥٧).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٦٦٨، ٢٥١٤)، ومسلم (١٧١١/ ٢).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢٠٧٤٩).","vol":"21","page":243},{"text":"٢١٢٤٥ - وقَد أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، أنبانا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ كَثيرٍ الصّورِىُّ فى كِتابِه إلَينا، حدثنا الفِريابِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن نافِعِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"البَيِّنَةُ على المُدَّعِى واليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\".\nقال أبو القاسِمِ: لَم يَروِه عن سُفيانَ إلَّا الفِريابِىُّ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَبدوسٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ الدارمىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينِ صَبرٍ يَقتَطِعُ بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِم لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﵎ تَصديقَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فدَخَلَ الأشعَثُ بنُ قَيسٍ فقالَ: ما حَدَّثَكُم أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ قالوا: كَذا وكَذا. قال: فىَّ أُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ؛ كانَت لِى بئرٌ فى أرضِ ابنِ عَمٍّ لِى، فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"بَيِّنَتُكَ أو يَمينُه\". قُلتُ: إذًا يَحلِفَ عَلَيها يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينِ صَبرٍ هو فيها فاجِرٌ يَقتَطِعُ بها مالَ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهُو عَليه غَضبانُ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى عقب (٤٣٧٢)، والمعرفة (٥٩٨٠).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٠٧٤٣، ٢٠٧٤٤).","vol":"21","page":244},{"text":"فى \"الصحيح\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا جَريرٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عَمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مَن حَلَفَ على يمينٍ ليستَحِقَّ (^٣) بها مالًا وهو فيها فاجِرٌ لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ، وتَصديقُ ذَلِكَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِى الْآخِرَةِ﴾ الآيَةَ. قال: ثُمَّ إنَّ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ خَرَجَ إلَينا، فقالَ: ما يُحَدِّثُكُم أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فحَدَّثْناه بما قال، فقالَ: صَدَقَ، لَفِىَّ نَزَلَت؛ كانَت بَينِى وبَينَ رَجُلٍ خُصومَةٌ فى بئرٍ، فاختَصَمنا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ: \"شاهِداكَ أو يَمينُه\". فقُلتُ: إذن يَحلِفَ ولا يُبالِىَ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ يَستَحِقُّ بها مالًا، هو فيها فاجِرٌ، لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَليه غَضبانُ\". فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ تَصديقَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اقتَرأ هذه الآيَةَ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ الآيَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٦٧٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٤٥٤٩، ٤٥٥٠، ٧١٨٣)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٠).\n(^٣) فى م: \"يستحق\".\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤١)، والطيالسى (٢٦٠، ١١٤٧) من طريق منصور به.","vol":"21","page":245},{"text":"لَفظُ حَديثِ إسحاقَ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانُ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلم عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا رَوحٌ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أبى عثمانَ، عن حُمَيدِ بنِ هِلالٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا لَم يَكُنْ لِلطّالِبِ بَيِّنَةٌ فعَلَى المَطلوبِ اليَمينُ\" (^٢).\nورُوِّينا حَديثَ: \"البَيِّنَةُ على المُدَّعِى، واليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه\". مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ، وفيما ذَكَرناه كِفايَةٌ.\n\n٢١٢٤٩ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكِّىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن إدريسَ الأودِىِّ قال: أخرَجَ إلَينا سعيدُ بنُ أبى بُردَةَ كِتابًا وقالَ: هذا كِتابُ عُمَرَ إلَى أبى موسَى الأشعَرِىِّ -﵄-. فذَكَرَه. وفيه: البَيِّنَةُ على مَنِ ادَّعَى، واليَمينُ على مَن أنكَرَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه:\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٦٦٩، ٢٦٧٠)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٠٢) من طريق الحجاج بن أبى عثمان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤١٨١).","vol":"21","page":246},{"text":"﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ﴾ [ص: ٢٠]، قال: البَيِّنَةُ على المُدَّعِى، واليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِ (^١).\nورُوّينا فيما مَضَى عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال فى هذه الآيَةِ: الأيمانُ والشُّهودُ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى أحاديثِ مالكٍ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن جَميلِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُؤَذِّنِ أنَّه كان يَحضُرُ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ إذ كان عامِلًا على المَدينَةِ وهو يَقضى بَينَ النّاسِ، فإِذا جاءَه الرَّجُلُ يَدَّعِى على الرَّجُلِ حَقًّا نَظَرَ؛ فإِن كانَت بَينَهُما مُخالَطَةٌ ومُلابَسَةٌ حَلَّفَ الَّذِى ادَّعَى عَلَيه، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ شَئٌ مِن ذَلِكَ لَم يُحَلِّفْه (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا شَئٌ بلا ذَهَبَ إلَيه على وجهِ الاستِحسانِ، وكَذَلِكَ ما رُوِّينا عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ أنَّه قال: إذا ادَّعَى الرَّجُلُ الفاجِرُ على الرَّجُلِ الصّالِحِ الشَّئَ الَّذِى يَرَى النّاسُ أنَّه كاذِب (^٤)، وأنَّه لَم يَكُنْ بَينَهُما مُعامَلَة، لَم يُستَحلَفْ له (^٥). والأحاديثُ التى ذَكَرناها تُخالِفُه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى كِتابِ الدَّعوَى: اليَمينُ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيه،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٧/ ١٠١ من طريق أبى العباس الأصم به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢٠/ ٥١ من طريق سعيد بنحوه.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢٠٧٥٨).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٨١)، ومالك ٢/ ٧٢٦.\n(^٤) كتب فوتها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٥) ذكره الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٢٨، ٢٢٩، وابن عبد البر فى الاستذكار ٢٢/ ٧٢ (٣١٨٦٦).","vol":"21","page":247},{"text":"سَواءٌ كانَت بَينَهُما مُخالَطَةٌ أو لَم تَكُنْ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4376>بابُ الرَّجُلَيِن يَتَنازَعانِ المالَ وما يَتَنازَعانِ فيه (^٢) فى يَدِ أحَدِهِما</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فهو لِلَّذِى فى يَدِه مَعَ يَمينِه إذا لَم تَقُمْ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّد، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، حدثنا سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ ورَجُلٌ مِن كِندَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ الحَضرَمِىُّ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، إنَّ هذا قَد غَلَبَنِى على أرضٍ كانَت لِى. فقالَ الكِندِىُّ: هِىَ أرضِى فى يَدِى أزرَعُها، لَيسَ له فيها حَقٌّ. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلحَضرَمِىِّ: \"ألَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَكَ يَمينُهُ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّه رَجُلٌ فاجِرٌ لَيسَ يُبالِى ما حَلَفَ عَلَيه، لَيسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِن شَئٍ. فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَيسَ لَكَ مِنه إلَّا ذَلِكَ\". فانطَلَقَ ليَحلِفَ. قال: فلَمّا أدبَرَ (^٤) قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أما إنَّه إنْ حَلَفَ على مالٍ ليأكُلَه ظُلمًا لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عنه مُعرِضٌ\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٦/ ٢٢٦، ٢٢٧.\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٣٦، ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"الرجل\".\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٢/ ١٤ (١٧) من طريق مسدد به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٥٣٤، ٢٠٧٤٦).","vol":"21","page":248},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وجَماعَةٍ عن أبى الأحوَصِ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٥٣ - [أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ، أنَّ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ حَدَثَّه، أنَّ أبا الزُّبَيرِ أخبَرَه، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَدِىٍّ، عن أبيه قال: أتَى رَجُلانِ يَختَصِمانِ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى أرضٍ، فقالَ أحَدُهُما: هِىَ لِى. وقالَ الآخَرُ: هِىَ لِى، حُزتُها وقَبَضتُها. فقالَ فيها: \"اليَمينُ لِلَّذِى بيَدِه الأرضُ\". فلَمّا تَفَوَّهَ ليَحلِفَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أما إنَّه مَن حَلَفَ على مالِ امرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ، لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". قال: فمَن تَرَكَها؟ قال: \"كان له الجَنَّةُ\"] (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن جَريرٍ هو ابنُ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَدِىَّ بنَ عَدِىٍّ الكِندِىَّ يُحَدِّثُ فى حَلْقَةٍ بمِنًى قال: حَدَّثَنِى رَجاءُ بنُ حَيوَةَ والعُرسُ بنُ عَميرَةَ، عن عَدِىِّ بنِ عَميرَةَ الكِندِىِّ أنَّ امرأَ القَيسِ بنَ عابِسٍ الكِندِىَّ [خاصَمَه إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺرَجُلٌ] (^٣) مِن\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٣).\n(^٢) ليس فى: نسخة المصنف.\nوالحديث أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٤٧٨) من طريق بحر بن نصر به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٩٥) من طريق ابن وهب به. وابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (٢٤٤٥)، والطبرانى ١٧/ ١٠٩ (٢٦٧) من طريق سليمان بن بلال به.\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"خاصم إلى رسول اللَّه رجلا\".","vol":"21","page":249},{"text":"حَضرَمَوتَ فى أرضٍ، فسألَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- الحَضرَمِىَّ البَيِّنَةَ، فلَم تَكُنْ له بَيِّنَةٌ، فقَضَى على امرِئِ القَيسِ باليَمينِ، فقالَ الحَضرَمِىُّ: أمكَنتَه يا رسولَ اللَّهِ مِنَ اليَمينِ؟ ذَهَبَتْ واللَّهِ أرضِى. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ كاذِبَةٍ ليقتَطِعَ بها مالَ أخيه، لَقِىَ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَومَ يَلقاه وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\". قال: وقالَ رَجاءٌ (^١): وتَلا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قال: فقالَ امرُؤُ القَيسِ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، فماذا لِمَنْ تَرَكَها؟ قال: \"له الجَنَّةُ\". قال: فإِنِّى أُشهِدُكَ أنِّى قَد تَرَكتُها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4377>بابُ المُتَداعيَينِ يَتَنازَعانِ المالَ، وما يَتَنازَعانِ فيه فى أيديهِما مَعًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فهو فى الطاهِرِ بَينَهُما نِصفانِ، فإِن لَم يَجِدْ واحِدٌ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةً، أحلَفنا كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على دَعوَى صاحِبِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ إسماعيلَ البَزّازُ بالطّابَرانِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ مَنصورٍ الطُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الصّائغُ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ، حدثنا سعيدٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى موسَى قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، م: \"رجل\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٨٤٠). وتقدم فى (٢٠٧٤٥).\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٢٧.","vol":"21","page":250},{"text":"فى شَئٍ -وقالَ رَوحٌ: فى بَعيرٍ- لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فقَضَى به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ وعَبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ بكرٍ عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رُوِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ بَشيرٍ عن قَتادَةَ (^٣).\nورَواه شُعبَةُ عن قَتادَةَ فأرسَلَه:\n\n٢١٢٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى نَبِىِّ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى دابَّةٍ لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَة، فجَعَلَها بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ السِّجِستانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما فى مَتاعٍ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فقالَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٨٦). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٧٥١) من طريق روح بن عبادة به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٣٠) من طريق قتادة به. وتقدم فى (١١٤٧٨). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٧٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٣) من طريق يزيد بن زريع به. وأيضًا فى (٣٦١٤) من طريق عبد الرحيم بن سليمان به. والترمذى فى العلل (٣٧٨) من طريق محمد بن بكر به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٨٦)، وذكره المزى فى زيادته ٦/ ٤٦٦.\n(^٤) أحمد (١٩٦٠٣).","vol":"21","page":251},{"text":"النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"استَهِما على اليَمينِ ما كان (^١) أحَبّا ذَلِكَ أو كَرِها\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٥٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ بإِسنادِه مِثلَه. قال: فى دابَّةٍ ولَيسَ لَهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فأمَرَهُما رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَستَهِما على اليَمينِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: فيَحتَمِلُ أن تكونَ هذه القَضيَّةُ مِن تَتِمَّةِ القَضيَّةِ الأولَى فى حَديثِ أبى بُردَةَ، فكأنَّه -ﷺ- جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ بحُكمِ اليَدِ، فطَلَبَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما يَمينَ صاحِبِه فى النِّصفِ الَّذِى حَصَلَ له، فجَعَلَ عَلَيهِما اليَمينَ، فتَنازَعا فى البِدايَةِ بأحَدِهِما، فأمَرَهُما أن يَقتَرِعا على اليَمينِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوفِى مِثلِ هذا ما:\n\n٢١٢٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ؛ قال إسحاقُ: أخبرَنا. وقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرةَ. قال\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"كانا\". و\"كان\" هنا تامة والضمير فيها عائد إلى الاستهام، وما مصدرية، وما فى بعض النسخ: ما كانا. بصيغة التثنية فهو أيضًا صحيح وضمير التثنية يرجع إلى الرجلين، وجملة: أحبا ذلك أو كرها. كالتفسير لجملة: ما كان. ينظر عون المعبود ٢/ ٣٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٨٦)، وأبو داود (٣٦١٦)، وتقدم فى (١١٤٧٧).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٨٧)، وأبو داود (٣٦١٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٤٤٨، ٢٣٧٣٦)، ومن طريقه ابن ماجه (٢٣٢٩). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٩٩) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به.","vol":"21","page":252},{"text":"وقالَ: إنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عَرَضَ على قَومٍ اليَمينَ فَأسْرَعوا، فَأَمَرَ أن يُسهَمَ بَينَهُم فى اليَمينِ أيُّهُم يَحلِفُ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ نَصرٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ بهَذا اللَّفظِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٦٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن هَمّامِ بنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: وقال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا أُكرِهَ الاثنانِ على اليَمينِ فاستَحَبّاها فأسْهِمْ بَينَهُما\" (^٣).\nوبِهَذا اللَّفظِ رَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وجَماعَةٌ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، إلَّا أنَّ فى رِوايَةِ أحمدَ: \"إذا كَرِهَ (^٤) الاثنانِ (^٥) اليَمينَ واستَحَبّاها فيَستَهِما (^٦) عَلَيها\" (^٧).\nيَعنِى -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- كَرِهاها أوِ استَحَبّاها، ففِى الحالَينِ جَميعًا يُقْرَعُ بَينَهُما.\nورَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ يَحيَى بنِ النَّضرِ عن أبيه عن أبى هَريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٨٩)، وليس عنده: إسحاق بن إبراهيم، وعبد الرزاق (١٥٢١٢)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٠٠١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٧٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٨٩). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٦٠٣١) من طريق أحمد بن يوسف السلمى به.\n(^٤) فى م: \"أكره\".\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"على\".\n(^٦) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٧) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٩٠)، وأحمد (٨٢٠٩)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٦١٧).","vol":"21","page":253},{"text":"\"إذا كَرِهَ الاثنانِ اليَمينَ أوِ استَحَبّاها استَهَما عَلَيها\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4378>بابُ المُتَداعيَينِ يَتَداعَيانِ شَيئًا فى يَدِ أحَدِهِما فيُقيمُ الَّذِى لَيسَ فى يَدِه بَيِّنَةً بدَعواه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قيلَ [لِلَّذِى هو] (^٢) فى يَدِه: البَيِّنَةُ العادِلَةُ التى لا تَجُزُ إلَى نَفسِها أقوَى مِن كَينونَةِ الشَّئِ فى يَدِكَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن الأشعَثِ بنِ قَيسٍ قال: كان بَينِى وبَينَ رَجُلٍ فى أرضٍ خُصومَةٌ، فاختَصَمنا إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"هَل لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قُلتُ: لا. قال: \"فيَمينُه\" (^٤). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٥).\nورُوِّينا فى حَديثِ عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ عن أبيه فى قِصَّةِ الحَضرَمِىِّ والكِندِىِّ: فقالَ الحَضرَمِىُّ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ هذا غَلَبَنِى على أرضٍ كانَت لأبِى. فقالَ الكِندِىُّ: هِىَ أرضِى فى يَدِى أزرَعُها، لَيسَ له فيها حَقٌّ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- لِلحَضرَمِىِّ: \"ألَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"فلَكَ يَمينُه\".\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٩١). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٧٩: إسناده صويلح، أبو بكر عن أبيه ما ضعّف.\n(^٢) فى س: \"هو للذى\".\n(^٣) الأم ٦/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٢١٨٤٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٢٢) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٣٦٢١) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٦٧٦)، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢٠). وتقدم فى (٢٠٧٤٣).","vol":"21","page":254},{"text":"أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو الأحوَصِ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلِ بنِ حُجْرٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِن حَضرَمَوتَ ورَجُلٌ مِن كِندَةَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَه (^١). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هَنّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ هِشامٍ الأحمَرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصّينِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ سُلَيمان، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ يَومَ فتحِ مَكَّةَ: \"المُدَّعَى عَلَيه أولى باليَمينِ إلَّا أن تَقومَ عَلَيه البَيِّنَةُ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٦٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن المُثَنَّى بنِ الصَّبّاحِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُدَّعَى عَلَيه أولى باليَمينِ مِمَّن لَم تَقُمْ له بَيِّنَةٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٢٤٥). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٩٨١) من طريق هناد بن السرى به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٥٣٤، ٢٠٧٤٦، ٢١٢٥٢).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢١٨ من طريق الحجاج بن أرطاة به. ولفظه: \"البينة على المدعى واليمين على المدعى عليه\". وعبد الرزاق (١٥١٨٤)، والترمذى (١٣٤١) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٨٠: حجاج لين كشيخه.\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم قبله.","vol":"21","page":255},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4379>بابُ المُتَداعيَينِ يَتَنازَعانِ شَيئًا فى يَدِ أحَدِهِما ويُقيمُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةً</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قيلَ: قَدِ استَوَيتُما فى الدَّعوَى والبَيِّنَةِ، ولِلَّذِى هو فى يَدَيه سَبَبٌ بكَينونَتِه فى يَدِه هو أقوَى مِن سَبَبِكَ، فهو له بفَضلِ قوَّةِ سَبَبِه، وفيه سُنَّةٌ بمِثلِ ما قُلنا (^١).\nفذَكَرَ الحديثَ الَّذِى:\n\n٢١٢٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى يَحيَى، عن إسحاقَ بنِ أبى فروَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الحَكَمِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ تَداعَيا دَابَّةً، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحدٍ مِنهُما البَيِّنَةَ أنَّها دابَّتُه نَتَجَها (^٢)، فقَضَى بها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلَّذِى هِىَ فى يَدَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا الحُسَينُ بنُ إسماعيلَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المَطِيرِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ عيسَى الخَوّاصُ قالوا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَنصورٍ أبو إسماعيلَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو حَنيفَةَ، عن هَيثَمٍ الصَّيرَفِىِّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٣٧.\n(^٢) إذا وَلى الإنسانُ ناقة أو شاة ماخضا حتى تضع قيل: نَتَجها. المصباح المنير ص ٢٢٦ (ن ت ج).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٨٤)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٣٧. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٨٠: إسحاق واهٍ.","vol":"21","page":256},{"text":"رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى ناقَةٍ، فقالَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما: نُتِجَت هذه النّاقَةُ عِندِى. وأقامَ بَيِّنَةً، فقَضَى بها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لِلَّذِى هِىَ فى يَدِهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدٍ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى شُرَيحٍ فى دابَّةٍ، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما البَيِّنَةَ أنَّها له وأنَّه أنتَجَها (^٢)، فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: هِىَ لِلَّذِى فى يَدَيه، النّاتِجُ أحَقُّ مِنَ العارِفِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٦٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا عَمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يونُسَ وابنِ عَونٍ وهِشامٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّ رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا دابَّةً، فأقامَ أحَدُهُما البَيِّنَةَ وهِىَ فى يَدِه أنَّه نَتَجَها، وأقامَ الآخَرُ بَيِّنَةً أنَّه (^٤) دابَّتُه عَرَفَها، فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: النّاتِجُ أحَقُّ مِنَ العارِفِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4380>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُرَجَّحُ فى الشُّهودِ بكَثرَةِ العَدَدِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن داودَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٠٩، وفيه: يزيد. بدلًا من: زيد. وضعف إسناده ابن حجر فى التلخيص ٤/ ٢١٠.\n(^٢) كتب فرقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٠٦) من طريق أيوب به.\n(^٤) فى س: \"أنها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه وكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٧٢ عن هشام به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٢٠٦) من طريق محمد به.","vol":"21","page":257},{"text":"قال: كَتَبَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أُذَينَةَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ فى ناسٍ مِنَ الأزدِ ادَّعَوا قِبَلَ ناسٍ مِن بَنى أسَدٍ. قال: فإِذا (^١) غَدا هَؤُلاءِ ببَيِّنةٍ راحَ أولَئكَ بأكثَرَ مِنهُم. قال: فكَتَبَ إلَيه: لَستُ مِنَ التَّهاتُرِ والتَّكاثُرِ فى شَئٍ، الدّابَّةُ لِمَن (^٢) هِىَ فى أيديهِم إذا أقاموا البَيِّنَةَ (^٣).\nورُوِّينا عن حَنَشٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁-[ما دلَّ على] (^٤) أنَّه لا يُرَجَّحُ بكَثرَةِ العَدَدِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4381>بابُ المُتَداعيَينِ يَتَنازَعانِ شَيئًا فى أيديهِما مَعًا ويُقيمُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةً بدَعواه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: جَعَلتُه بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٦).\n\n٢١٢٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ غالِبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا بَعيرًا، فبَعَثَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ، فقَسَمَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، س، م: \"وإذا\".\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف، س: \"للتى\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٥٦٢)، ووكيع فى أخبار القضاة ١/ ٣٠٤ من طريق داود به.\n(^٤) زيادة من نسخة المصنف.\n(^٥) ينظر شرح المشكل للطحاوى عقب (٤٧٥٩).\n(^٦) الأم ٣/ ٢٢٥، ٦/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٧) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٨٢). وأخرجه أبو يعلى (٧٢٨٠) عن هدبة بن خالد به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٢٨٠).","vol":"21","page":258},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ عن هَمّام، وهو مِن حَديثِ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى عن قَتادَةَ بهَذا اللَّفظِ مَحفوظٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٧٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ المُحَمَّداباذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو قِلابَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ، فقَضَى به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٢).\nكَذا قال عن شُعبَةَ، وقَد رُوّيناه فيما مَضَى عن ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ مَوصولًا (^٣)، وعن شُعبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ مُرسَلًا (^٤) يُخالِفانِ هَمّامًا وهَذِه الرِّوايَةَ عن شُعبَةَ فى لَفظِه؛ فإِنَّهُما قالا: لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ. وفِى رِوايَةِ هَمّامٍ وهَذِه الرِّوايَةِ عن شُعبَةَ: فبَعَثَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ.\nويَحتَمِلُ -على البُعدِ- أن تَكونا قِصَّتين (^٥)، ويَحتَمِلُ أن تَكونَ قِصَّةً واحِدَةً والبَيِّنَتانِ حينَ تَعارَضَتا سَقَطَتا، فقيلَ: لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ. وقُسِمَ الشَّئُ بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ بحُكمِ اليَدِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ. والحَديثُ مَعلولٌ عِندَ أهلِ الحديثِ مَعَ الاختِلافِ فى إسنادِه على قَتادَةَ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦١٥) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٧٧٨).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١١٤٧٨، ٢١٢٥٥).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١١٤٧٨، ٢١٢٥٥).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢١٢٥٦).\n(^٥) فى م: \"قضيتين\".","vol":"21","page":259},{"text":"٢١٢٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ صاعِدٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ أيّوبَ الطّائىُّ ابنُ بنتِ أبى المُغيرَةِ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى أبو المُغيرَةِ، عن الضَّحّاكِ بنِ حَمزَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ أبا مِجلَزٍ أخبَرَه، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى بَعيرٍ ادَّعَياه، كِلاهُما يَزعُمُ أنَّه له، وجاءَ مَعَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدانِ أنَّ البَعيرَ له، فقَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّه بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شيرُويَه، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا دابَّةً، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ، فجَعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٢).\nكَذا وجَدتُه فى كِتابِى فى مَوضِعَينِ، وقَد رأيتُه فى مُسنَدِ إسحاقَ هَكَذا، إلَّا أنَّه ضُرِبَ على اسمِ بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ بَعدَ كِتْبَتِه بخَطٍّ قَديمٍ.\n\n٢١٢٧٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ الضَّرَيرُ حَفصُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٢) من طريق أبى المغيرة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٨١: الضحاك تالف.\n(^٢) إسحاق بن راهويه فى مسنده (١١٤)، وليس فيه بشير بن نهيك. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٦٨) عن عبد اللَّه بن محمد به.","vol":"21","page":260},{"text":"سلمةَ، أنَّ (^١) قَتادَةَ أخبَرَهُم عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى بَعيرٍ، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما البَيِّنَةَ أنَّه له، فجَعَلَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه -فيما بَلَغَنِى- إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ شُمَيلٍ عن حَمّادٍ مُتَّصِلًا، فعادَ الحَديثُ إلَى حَديثِ أبى بُردَةَ، إلَّا أنَّه عن قَتادَةَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ غَريبٌ.\nورَواه أبو الوَليدِ عن حَمّادٍ فأرسَلَه فقالَ: عن قَتادَةَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن أبى بُردَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا دابَّةً وجَداها فى يَدِ رَجُلٍ. وهو فيما ذَكَرَه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن أبى موسَى عن أبى الوَليدِ.\n\n٢١٢٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ قال: أُنبِئتُ أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى بَعيرٍ، ونَزَعَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما (^٣) شاهِدَينِ، فجَعَلَه بَينَهُما (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٩٩٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٧٥٦) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٣) فى الأصل: \"منها\". وكتب فوقها: \"كذا\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٨٥). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٤٤٤) من طريق سماك بن حرب به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٢٨١).","vol":"21","page":261},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن سِماكٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٢٧٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ جابِرٍ، عن سِماكٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى بَعيرٍ، كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما آخِذٌ برأسِه، فجاءَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بشاهِدَينِ، فجَعَلَه بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ. هذا مُرسَلٌ.\nوقَد بَلَغَنِى عن أبى عيسَى التِّرمِذِىِّ أنَّه سألَ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن حَديثِ سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ عن أبيه فى هذا البابِ، فقالَ: يَرجِعُ هذا الحَديثُ إلَى حَديثِ سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ. قال البخارىُّ: ورَوَى حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ قال: قال سِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ: أنا حَدَّثتُ أبا بُردَةَ بهَذا الحديثِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ: وإِرسالُ شُعبَةَ هذا الحديثَ عن قَتادَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ عن أبيه فى رِوايَةِ غُندَرٍ عنه كالدِّلالَةِ على ذَلِكَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4382>بابُ المُتَداعيَينِ يَتَداعَيانِ ما لَم يَكُنْ فى يَدِ واحِدٍ مِنهُما، ويُقيمُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةً بدَعواه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فيها قَولانِ؛ أحَدُهُما: يُقرَعُ بَينَهُما، فأيُّهُما خَرَجَ سَهمُه حَلَفَ: لَقَد شَهِدَ شُهودُه بحَقٍّ. ثُمَّ يُقضَى له بها. قال: وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٠٢)، وأحمد فى العلل (٢٧٠، ٣٦٨) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) الترمذى فى العلل (٣٧٩).","vol":"21","page":262},{"text":"سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ بالقُرعَةِ، ويَرويه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، والكوفيّونَ يَروونَها عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- (^١).\nأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ:\n\n٢١٢٧٦ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن بُكَيرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى أمرٍ، فجاءَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بشُهَداءَ عُدولٍ على عِدَّةٍ واحِدَةٍ، فأسهَمَ بَينَهُما -ﷺ- وقالَ: \"اللَّهُم أنتَ تَقضِى بَينَهُم\". فقَضَى لِلَّذِى خَرَجَ له السَّهمُ (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\nولِهَذا شاهِدٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ:\n\n٢١٢٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ أظُنُّه محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، حدثنا الصَّغانِىُّ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن أبى الأسوَدِ، عن عُروةَ وسُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فأتَى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بشُهودٍ وكانوا سَواءً، فأسهَمَ بَينَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-.\nوأمّا الرِّوايَةُ فيه عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- ففيما:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٦/ ٢٤٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٩٣).\n(^٣) المراسيل (٣٩٨).","vol":"21","page":263},{"text":"٢١٢٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ (ح) قال أبو الوَليدِ: وحَدَّثَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ وحامِدُ بنُ عُمَرَ وهَذا حَديثُه قالا: حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن حَنَشٍ قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ -﵁- ببَغلٍ يُباعُ فى السّوقِ، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: هذا بَغلِى، لَم أبعْ ولَم أهَبْ. ونَزَعَ على ما قال خَمسَةً يَشهَدونَ، وجاءَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ يَدَّعيه ويَزعُمُ أنَّه بَغلُه وجاءَ بشاهِدَينِ، فقالَ علىٌّ: إنَّ فيه قَضاءً وصُلحَةً؛ أمّا الصُّلحُ: فيُباعُ البَغلُ فيُقسمُ (^١) على سَبعَةِ أسهُمٍ، لِهَذا خَمسَةٌ ولِهَذا اثنانِ، فإِن أبَيتُم إلَّا القَضاءَ بالحَقِّ، فإِنَّه يَحلِفُ أحَدُ الخَصمَينِ أنَّه بَغلُه ما باعَه ولا وهَبَه، فإِن تَشاحَحتُما أيُّكُما يَحلِفُ أقرَعتُ بَينَكُما على الحَلِفِ فأيُّكُما قَرَعَ حَلَفَ. فقَضَى بهَذا وأنا شاهِدٌ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه عن أبى هريرةَ رَفَعَه ما:\n\n٢١٢٧٩ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا أبانُ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن أبى رافِعٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قالَ: إذا جاءَ هذا بشاهِدٍ وهَذا بشاهِدٍ أُقرعَ بَينَهُم. عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\nكَذا قال: بشاهِدٍ. ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به جِنسَ الشُّهودِ، وقَد مَضَى فى رِوايَةِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ عن قَتادَةَ عن خِلاسٍ عن أبى رافِعٍ عن أبى هريرةَ عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فنقسمه\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٩١). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٠٧) من طريق سماك بن حرب به.","vol":"21","page":264},{"text":"النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَيه فى مَتاعٍ لَيسَ لِواحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةٌ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"استَهِما على اليَمينِ\" (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والقَولُ الآخَرُ أنَّه يُقضى بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ؛ لأنَّ حُجَّةَ كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما فيها سَواءٌ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى بُردَةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى موسَى، أنَّ رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا بَعيرًا، فبَعَثَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ، فقَسَمَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُما (^٣).\nقَد مَضَى الكَلامُ فى عِلَّةِ هذا الحديثِ وما وقَعَ مِنَ الاختِلافِ فى إسنادِه ووَصلِه ومَتنِه، ولَيسَ فيه أنَّ البَعيرَ لَم يَكُنْ فى أيديهِما (^٤).\n\n٢١٢٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن سِماكٍ، عن تَميمِ بنِ طَرَفَةَ: أن رَجُلَينِ اختَصَما إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى بَعيرٍ، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما شاهِدَينِ، فقَضى بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٢٨٢ - قال أبو الوَليدِ: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢١٢٥٦).\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ٢٤٥. وينظر ما تقدم فى ص ٢٦٢.\n(^٣) الحاكم ٤/ ٩٥ وصححه. وتقدم فى (٢١٢٦٩).\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢١٢٧٠).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٢١٢٧٤).","vol":"21","page":265},{"text":"يَحيَى، أنبأنا أبو عَوانَةَ. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه سَواءً (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد مَضَى فى رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ جابِرٍ عن سِماكٍ (^٢) ما دَلَّ على أن البَعيرَ كان فى أيديهِما.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى كتابِ القديمِ: تَميمٌ رَجُلٌ مَجهولٌ، والمَجهولُ لَو لَم يُعارِضْه أحَدٌ لا تكونُ رِوايَتُه حُجَّةً، وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ يَروِى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ما وصَفْنا، وسَعيدٌ سعيدٌ، وقَد زَعَمْنا أنَّ الحديثَينِ إذا اختَلَفا فالحُجَّةُ فى أصَحِّ الحديثَينِ، ولا أعلمُ عالِمًا يُشكِلُ عَلَيه أن حَديثَنا أصَحُّ وأنَّ سعيدًا مِن أصَحَّ الناسِ مُرسَلًا، وهو بالسُّنَنِ فى القُرعَةِ أشبَهُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ: تَميمُ بنُ طَرَفَةَ الطّائىُّ كوفِىٌّ يَروِى عن عَدِىِّ بنِ حاتِمٍ وجابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، وهو مِن مُتأخِّرِى التابِعينَ، ومَتَى يُدرِكُ دَرَجَةَ سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ؟!\n\n٢١٢٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: شَهِدتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ واختَصَمَ إلَيه قَومٌ فى فرَسٍ، وأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما بَيِّنَةً أنَّها دابَّتُه أنتَجَه (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٨٧).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٢٧٥).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٥٩٨٨).\n(^٤) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".","vol":"21","page":266},{"text":"قال: فقَضَى بَينَهُما (^١).\n\n٢١٢٨٤ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: اختَصَمَ رَجُلانِ إلَى أبى الدَّرداءِ فى فرَسٍ، فأقامَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما البَيِّنَةَ أنَّه أُنتِجَ عِندَه لَم يَبِعْه ولَم يَهَبْه، وجاءَ الآخَرُ بمِثلِ ذَلِكَ، فقالَ أبو الدَّرداءِ: إنَّ أحَدَكُما كاذِبٌ. فقَسَمَه بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ فى هذه القَصَّةِ: اختَصَما فى فرَسٍ وجَداه مَعَ رَجُلٍ:\n\n٢١٢٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدِ ابنُ حَيّانَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُندارٍ، أخبرَنِى إبراهيمُ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُغيرَةِ، حدثنا النُّعمانُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ مَرثَدٍ وعَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى قال: إنِّى لَجالِسٌ عِندَ أبى الدَّرداءِ. فذَكَرَ مَعناه، وقالَ: فى فرَسٍ وجَداه مَعَ رَجُلٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى مِثلِ هذه المَسألَةِ بعدَ ذِكرِ الفرسِ (^٤): وهَذا مِمّا أستَخيرُ اللَّهَ فيه، وأنا فيه واقِفٌ. ثُمَّ قال: لا يُعطَى واحِدٌ مِنهُما\n_________\n(^١) ينظر السنن الصغرى للمصنف (٤٣٩٥). وينظر ما سيأتى بعده.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٢٠٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٧٦١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم قبله.\n(^٤) فى نسخة المصنف: \"القولين\".","vol":"21","page":267},{"text":"شَيئًا، ويوقَفُ حَتَّى يَصطَلِحا (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والأصلُ فى أمثالِ ذَلِكَ ما:\n\n٢١٢٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمد بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ رافِعٍ، عن أُمِّ سلمةَ قالَت: جاءَ رَجُلانِ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَختَصِمانِ فى مَواريثَ قَد دَرَسَ عَلَيها، وهَلَكَ مَن يَعرِفُها، فقالَ: \"إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ أقضِى فيما (^٢) لَم يُنزَلْ علىَّ فيه شَئٌ برأيِى (^٣)، فمَن قَضَيتُ له شَيئًا مِن حَقِّ أخيه، فإِنَّما يَقتَطِعُ إسطامًا (^٤) مِن نارٍ\". قالَ: فبَكَيا، وقالَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما: حَقِّى له يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"اذهَبا فاقسِما وتَوَخَّيا الحَقَّ، ثُمَّ استَهِما، ثُمَّ ليُحلِلْ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنكما صاحِبَه\" (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4383>باب: مَن عُرِفَ له أصلُ مِلكٍ فهو على مِلكِه حَتَّى يُعَلَمَ زَوالُه عنه ببَيِّنَةٍ تَقومُ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المعرفة عقب (٥٩٩١)، والأم ٦/ ٢٤٤.\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف وحاشية الأصل: \"بما\".\n(^٣) ليست فى أصل المصنف، وكتب عليها فى الأصل: \"خ ر\"، وأشار إلى أنها ليست فى \"ص\".\n(^٤) الإسطام: القطعة من الشئ، أو الحديدة التى تحرك بها النار، أى: أقطع له ما يسعر به النار على نفسه. ينظر اللسان ١٢/ ٢٨٧ (س ط م).\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٩٧)، والمعرفة (٥٩٩٢). وتقدم فى (١١٤٧١).","vol":"21","page":268},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ قال: قيلَ لِعَطاءٍ: أتَقضِى بالأُصولِ فى الدّورِ؟ قال: نَعَم إذا قامَتِ البَيِّنَةُ أنَّها دارُه لَم يَبِعْ ولَم يَهَبْ.\nورُوِّينا عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه قال: أدرَكتُ النّاسَ يَقضونَ بالأُصولِ فى الدّورِ. وعن شُرَيحٍ وعامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ: أنَّهُما كانا يَقضيانِ بالأصلِ فى الدّورِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4384>بابٌ: الرَّجُلُ يَجِئُ بشاهِدَينِ على رَجُلٍ بحَقٍّ، فلا يَمينَ عَلَيه مَعَ شاهِدَيهِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن أبى وائلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ يَستَحِقُّ بها مالًا وهو فيها فاجِرٌ لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ. قال: ثُمَّ أنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ تَصديقَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٧] إلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. ثُمَّ إنَّ الأشعَثَ بنَ قَيسٍ خَرَجَ إلَينا فقالَ: ما يُحَدِّثُكُم أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؟ فحَدَّثْناه بما قال، فقالَ: صَدَقَ، لَفِىَّ نَزَلَت؛ كانَت بَينِى وبَينَ رَجُلٍ خُصومَةٌ فى شَئٍ، فاختَصمنا إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"شاهِداكَ أو يَمينُه\". فقُلتُ: إنَّهُ إذًا يحلِفُ ولا يُبالِى. قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن حَلَفَ على يَمينٍ ليَستَحِقَّ بها مالًا هو (^١) فيها فاجِرٌ، لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَليه غَضبانُ\".\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، م: \"وهو\".","vol":"21","page":269},{"text":"فأنزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ تَصديقَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قرأ هذه الآيَةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ وقُتَيبَةَ عن جَريرٍ، ورَواه مسلم عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ أبو سعيدٍ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ وائلٍ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأتاه خَصمانِ، فقالَ أحَدُهُما: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ هذا انتَزَى على أرضى (^٣) فى الجاهِليَّةِ -وهو امرُؤُ القَيسِ بنُ عابِسٍ الكِندِىُّ، وخَصمُه رَبيعَةُ- فقالَ: أرضِى أزرَعُها. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ \". قال: لا. قال: \"يَمينُه\". قال: إذًا يَذهَبَ بها؛ إنَّه لَيسَ يُبالِى ما حَلَفَ عَلَيه. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّه لَيسَ لَكَ مِنه إلَّا ذَلِكَ\". فلَمّا ذَهَبَ ليَحلِفَ، قال: \"أما إنَّه إن حَلَفَ على مالِه ظُلمًا لَقِىَ اللَّهَ وهو عَلَيه غَضبانُ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن زُهَيرٍ وإِسحاقَ عن أبى الوَليدِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4385>بابُ مَن رأى الحَلِفَ مَعَ البَيِّنَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢١٢٤٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥١٥، ٢٥١٦) عن قتيبة، و(٢٦٧٠) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة، ومسلم (١٣٨/ ٢٢١).\n(^٣) فى م: \"أرض\".\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢٠٤٩٨).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٣٩/ ٢٢٤).","vol":"21","page":270},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال حَفصُ بنُ غياثٍ: عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن الحَكَمِ، عن حَنَشٍ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- كان يَرَى الحَلِفَ مَعَ البَيِّنَةِ (^١).\nكَذا رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى.\nوقَد رُوِّينا فيما مَضَى مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن حَنَشٍ عَنْ علىٍّ -﵁- أنَّه إنَّما رآه عِندَ تَعارُضِ البَيِّنَتَينِ (^٢)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٢٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ العَبدُوِىُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ ومَنصورٌ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا ادَّعَى قِبَلَ رَجُلٍ حَقًّا وأقامَ عَلَيه البَيِّنَةَ، فاستَحلَفَه شُرَيحٌ، فكأنَّه يأبَى اليَمينَ، فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: بئسَما تُثنِى على شُهودِكَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ، أنبأنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا أبو مالكٍ الأشجَعِىُّ قال: شَهِدتُ شُرَيحًا واختَصَمَ إلَيه رَجُلانِ، ادَّعَى أحَدُهُما قِبَلَ الآخَرِ دابَّةً وأنَّه (^٤) يَزعُمُ أنَّها دابَّتُه أنتَجَها، فسألَه شُرَيحٌ البَيِّنَةَ، فجاءَه بثَمانيَةِ رَهطٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٩٤)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٧٨.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٢٧٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٦/ ١٣٥، ١٣٦، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٤٠٢)، ووكيع فى أخبار القضاة ٢/ ٣٢٨، ٣٣٦، ٣٥٥ من طريق محمد بن سيرين به بنحوه.\n(^٤) ليس فى: الأصل.","vol":"21","page":271},{"text":"فشَهِدوا له، فقالَ الَّذِى فى يَدِه الدَّابَّةُ: استَحلِفْه. فقالَ: احلِفْ. فقالَ له: أثبَتُّ (^١) عِندَكَ بثَمانيَةٍ مِنَ الشُّهودِ. فقالَ شُرَيحٌ: لَو أثبَتَّ (^١) عِندِى كَذا وكَذا شاهِدًا ما قَضَيتُ لَكَ حَتَّى تَحلِفَ.\n\n٢١٢٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ، أنبأنا أحمدُ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن عَونِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّه استَحلَفَ رَجُلًا مَعَ بَيِّنَةٍ (^٢)، فأبَى أن يَحلِفَ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُتبَةَ: لا أقضِى لَكَ بمالٍ لا تَحلِفُ عَلَيهِ.\n\n٢١٢٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ الحَذّاءُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ المَدينِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ زَكَريّا بن أبى زائدَةَ، أخبرَنِى داودُ بنُ أبى هِندٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: بَيِّنَةُ الطّالِبِ على أصلِ حَقِّه بَراءَةُ (^٣) أهلِ المَيِّتِ، أنَّ صاحِبَهُم قَد أدَّى يَمينَ (^٤) الطّالِبِ: باللَّهِ الَّذِى لا إلَهَ إلَّا هو، لَقَد ماتَ، وهَذا الحَقُّ عَلَيهِ.\nونَحنُ نَقولُ به فى الدَّعْوَى، إذا قامَت على مَيِّتٍ أو غائبٍ أو طِفلٍ أو مَجنونٍ.\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"أتيت\".\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"بينته\".\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س: \"يراه\".\n(^٤) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\".","vol":"21","page":272},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4386>بابُ القافَةِ ودَعوَى الوَلَدِ</span>\n\n٢١٢٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ يقولُ: قال المُزَنِىُّ: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: أنبأنا سفيانُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَهلٍ الفقيهُ ببُخارَى، حدثنا قَيسُ بنُ أُنَيفٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ذاتَ يَومٍ وهو مَسرورٌ تَبرُقُ أساريرُ وجهِه فقال: \"ألَم تَرَىْ أن مُجَزِّزًا المُدلِجِىَّ دَخَلَ علىَّ فرأى أُسامَةَ بنَ زَيدٍ وزيدَ بنَ حارِثَةَ عَلَيهِما قَطيفَةٌ، وقَد غَطَّيا رُءوسَهُما وبَدَت أقدامُهُما فقالَ: إنَّ هذه الأقدامَ لَبعضُها مِن بَعضٍ؟ \" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ قُتَيبَةَ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ عَلَيها وهو مَسرورٌ تَبرُقُ أساريرُ وجهِه فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٥٩٩٨)، والمزنى فى المختصر ١/ ٣١٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٠٩٩)، وأبو داود (٢٢٦٧)، والترمذى (٢١٢٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٣٤٩٤)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٩) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٧١)، ومسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٣٩).","vol":"21","page":273},{"text":"\"ألَم تَسمَعِى ما قال مُجَزِّزٌ المُدلِجِىُّ ورأى أُسامَةَ وزَيدًا نائمَينِ وقَد خَرَجَت أقدامُهُما فقالَ: إنَّ هذه الأقدامَ بَعضُها مِن بَعضٍ؟ \" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ؛ كِلاهُما عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^٢)، وأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ كَذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٢٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (ح) وأنبأنا أبو عمرو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ هو ابنُ سُفيانَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الصوفىُّ قالا: حدثنا مَنصورُ بنُ أبى مُزاحِمٍ قالا: حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ قائفٌ ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- شاهِدٌ، وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ وزيدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ مُضطَجِعانِ، فقالَ: إنَّ هذه الأقدامَ بَعضُها مِن بَعضٍ. فسُرَّ بذَلِكَ النَّبىُّ -ﷺ- وأعجَبَه، وأخبَرَ به عائشةَ. لَفظُ حَديثِ مَنصورٍ (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ قَزَعَةَ عن إبراهيمَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن مَنصورِ بنِ أبى مُزاحِمٍ (^٥).\n\n٢١٢٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ (^٦) الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٣٩٨)، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٨٣٣)، وعنه أحمد (٢٥٨٩٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٥٥٥)، ومسلم (١٤٥٩/ عقب ٤٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٧٠)، ومسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٣٨).\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"بن أبى مزاحم\".\nوالحديث عند الطيالسى (١٥٦٤). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٤٦١) من طريق إبراهيم بن سعد به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٣٧٣١)، ومسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٤٠).\n(^٦) بعده فى م: \"الفقيه\".","vol":"21","page":274},{"text":"الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ وهبٍ، حدثنا عَمِّى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ سعدٍ (^١). فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بنَحوِه زادَ: قال إبراهيمُ بنُ سَعدٍ: وكانَ زَيدٌ أحمَرَ أشقَرَ أبيَضَ، وكانَ أُسامَةُ مِثلَ اللَّيلِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٢٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرو هو ابنُ حَمدانَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يونُسُ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَ علىَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَسرورًا فرِحًا مِمّا قال مُجَزِّزٌ المُدلِجِىُّ ونَظَرَ إلَى أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ مُضطَجِعًا مَعَ أبيه فقالَ: هذه أقدامٌ بَعضُها مِن بَعضٍ. وكانَ مُجَزِّزٌ قائفًا (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن حَرمَلَةَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، أن رَجُلَينِ تَداعَيا ولَدًا، فدَعا له عُمَرُ -﵁- القافَةَ فقالوا: لَقَدِ اشتَرَكا فيه. فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: والِ أيَّهُما شِئتَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"سعيد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢/ ٨٨.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٠.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن حبان (٤١٠٣) من طريق حرملة به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٤٠ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٤٠).\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٠)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤٧.","vol":"21","page":275},{"text":"٢١٣٠١ - قال: وأنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مِثلَ مَعناه (^١).\n\n٢١٣٠٢ - قال: وأنبانا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ مازِنٍ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- مِثلَ مَعناه (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأكَفانِىُّ، حدثنا بَحرُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، عن أبيه قال: أتَى رَجُلانِ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- يَختَصِمانِ فى غُلامٍ مِن وِلادِ الجاهِليَّةِ يقولُ هذا: هو ابنى. ويَقولُ هذا: هو ابنِى. فدَعا عُمَرُ -﵁- قائفًا مِن بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ فسألَه عن الغُلامِ، فنَظَرَ إلَيه المُصطَلِقِىُّ ونَظَرَ ثُمّ قال لِعُمَرَ -﵁-: قَدِ اشتَرَكا فيه جَميعًا. فَقامَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَيه بالدِّرَّةِ فضَرَبَه بها. قال: وذَكَرَ الحديثَ قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁- لِلغُلامِ: اتَّبِعْ أيَّهُما شِئتَ. فقامَ الغُلامُ فاتَّبَعَ أحَدَهُما، قال عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: فكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه مُتَبِعًا لأحَدِهما يَذهَبُ. وقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: قاتَلَ اللَّهُ أخا بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠١)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤٧، ومالك ٢/ ٧٤٠، ٧٤١، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٦٢، وسيأتى قريبًا فى (٢١٣٠٥).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٢)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤٧. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٧٥) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٦). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٦٢ عن بحر بن نصر به.","vol":"21","page":276},{"text":"٢١٣٠٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قَضَى فى رَجُلَينِ ادَّعَيا رَجُلًا لا يُدرَى أيُّهُما أبوه، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁- لِلرَّجُلِ: اتَّبعْ أيَّهُما شِئتَ (^١). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ مَوصولٌ.\n\n٢١٣٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يُلِيطُ (^٢) أولادَ الجاهِليَّةِ بمَنِ ادَّعاهُم فى الإِسلامِ. قال سُلَيمانُ: فأتَى رَجُلانِ كِلاهُما يَدَّعِى ولَدَ امرأةٍ، فدَعا عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- قائفًا فنَظَرَ إلَيهِما، فقالَ القائفُ: لَقَدِ اشتَرَكا فيه. فضَرَبَه عُمَرُ -﵁- بالدِّرَّةِ، ثُمَّ قال لِلمَرأةِ: أخبِرينِى خَبَرَكِ. فقالَت: كان هذا -لأحَدِ الرَّجُلَينِ- يأتيها وهِىَ فى إبِلِ أهلِها فلا يُفارِقُها حَتَّى يَظُنَّ أن قَدِ استَمَرَّ بها حَملٌ، ثُمَّ انصَرَفَ عَنها فأُهْريقَت دَمًا، ثُمّ خَلَفَ هذا -تَعنِى الآخَرَ- فلا أدرِى مِن أيِّهِما هو. فكَبَّرَ القائفُ، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- لِلغُلامِ: والِ أيَّهُما شِئتَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٩٧).\n(^٢) يليط: أي يلحق. النهاية ٤/ ٢٨٥.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٤٠، وبرواية يحيى بن بكير (١١/ ٢ ظ - مخطوط).","vol":"21","page":277},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ عَيّاشٍ، عن أسلَمَ المِنقَرِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ بنِ عُمَيرٍ قال: باعَ عبدُ الرَّحمنِ بنُ عَوفٍ جاريَةً -كان يَقَعُ عَلَيها- قبلَ أن يَستَبرِئَها، فظَهَرَ بها حَملٌ عِندَ المُشتَرِى فخاصَموه إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: فدَعا عُمَرُ -﵁- عَلَيه القافَةَ، فنَظَروا إلَيه فألحَقوه به. وقالَ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: أكُنتَ تَقَعُ عَلَيها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: فبِعتَها قبلَ أن تَستَبرِئَها؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: ما كُنتَ بخَليقٍ. قال: فدَعا عُمَرُ -﵁- عَلَيه القافَةَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢١٣٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا هَمَّامُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن رَجُلَينِ اشتَرَكا فى طُهرِ امرأةٍ فوَلَدَت ولَدًا، فارتَفَعوا إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فدَعا لَهُم ثَلاثَةً مِنَ القافَةِ، فدَعَوا بتُرابٍ فوَطِئَ فيه الرَّجُلانِ والغُلامُ ثُمّ قال لأحَدِهِمُ: انظُر. فنَظَرَ فاستَقبَلَ واستَعرَضَ واستَدبَرَ (^٢)، قال: أُسِرُّ أم أُعلِنُ؟ [قال عمر] (^٣): بَل أسِرَّ. قالَ: لَقَد أخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنهُما جَميعًا، فما أدرِى لأيِّهِما هو. فأجلَسَه ثُمّ قال لِلآخَرِ: انظُرْ. فنَظَرَ واستَقبَلَ واستَعرَضَ واستَدبَرَ، ثُمَّ قال: أُسِرُّ أم أُعلِنُ؟ فقالَ: بَل أسِرَّ. فقالَ لَقَد أخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنهُما جَميعًا، فما أدرِى لأيِّهِما هو. فأجلَسَه ثُمَّ قال لِلثّالِثِ:\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٠٦، ١٧٦٦٧).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"ثم\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"فقال\".","vol":"21","page":278},{"text":"انظُر. فنَظَرَ فاستَقبَلَ واستَعرَضَ واستَدبَرَ، ثُمَّ قال: أُسِرُّ أم أُعلِنُ؟ فقالَ: بَل أعلِنْ. فقالَ: لَقَد أخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنهُما جَميعًا، فما أدرِى لأيِّهِما هو. فقالَ عُمَرُ: إنّا نَقوفُ الآثارَ. ثَلاثًا يَقولُها، وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- قائفًا، فجَعَلَه لَهُما يَرِثانِه ويَرِثُهُما، فقالَ سعيدٌ: أتَدرِى مَن عَصَبَتُه؟ قُلتُ: لا. قال: الباقِى مِنهُما (^١).\n\n٢١٣٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: دَعا عُمَرُ -﵁- القافَةَ فى رَجُلَينِ اشتَرَكا فى امرأةٍ ادَّعَى كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما الوَلَدَ، فقالوا: اشتَرَكا فيه. فجَعَلَه عُمَرُ -﵁- بَينَهُما، فقالَ سعيدٌ: أتَدرِى مَن يَرِثُهُ؟ قال: آخِرُهُما مَوتًا يَرِثُه (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، عن مُبارَكِ بنِ فَضالَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- فى رَجُلَينِ وطِئا جاريَةً فى طُهرٍ واحِدٍ، فجاءَت بغُلامٍ، فارتَفَعا إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-، فدَعا له ثَلاثَةً مِنَ القافَةِ، فاجتَمَعوا على أنَّه قَد أخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنهُما جَميعًا، وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- قائفًا يَقوفُ فقالَ: قَد كانَتِ الكَلبَةُ يَنْزُو عَلَيها الكَلبُ الأسوَدُ والأصفَرُ والأنمَرُ (^٣) فتُؤَدِّى إلَى كُلِّ كَلبٍ شَبَهَه، ولَم أكُن أرَى هذا فى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ١٦٣، والمصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٤) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٧٦) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) الأنمر: الذى فيه بقعة بيضاء وبقعة أخرى على أى لون كان مثل النمر. ينظر التاج ١٤/ ٢٩٩ (ن م ر).","vol":"21","page":279},{"text":"النّاسِ حَتَّى رأيتُ هذا. فجَعَلَه عُمَرُ -﵁- لَهُما يَرِثانِه ويَرِثُهُما، وهو لِلباقِى مِنهُما (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هاتانِ الرِّوايَتانِ -رِوايَةُ البَصريّينَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ، ورِوايَتُهُم عن الحَسَنِ عنَ عُمَرَ- كِلتاهُما مُنقَطِعَةٌ، وفيهِما لَو صَحَّتا دِلالَةٌ مَعَ ما تَقَدَّمَ على الحُكمِ بالشَّبَهِ والرُّجوعِ عِندَ الاشتِباه إلَى قَولِ القافَةِ، فأمّا إلحاقُه الوَلَدَ بهِما عِندَ عَدَمِ معرفةِ (^٢) القافَةِ فالبَصريّونَ يَنفَرِدونَ به عن عُمَرَ -﵁-، ورِوايَةُ الحِجازيّينَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- على ما مَضَى، ورِوايَةُ الحِجازيّينَ عنه أولَى بالصِّحَّةِ؛ فرِوايَةُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرحمنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ عن أبيه عن عُمَرَ مَوصولَةٌ، ورِوايَةُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ لها شاهِدَةٌ، وكِلاهُما يُثبِتُ قَولَ عُمَرَ: والِ أيَّهُما شِئتَ. وعَبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ حاطِبٍ يقولُ فى رِوايَتِه: فكأنِّى أنظُرُ إلَيه مُتَّبِعًا لأحَدِهِما يَذهَبُ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٣١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن حُمَيدٍ، عن أنَسٍ أنَّه شَكَّ فى ابنٍ له فدَعا له القافَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣١١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ (^٤)، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٥) من طريق يزيد به.\n(^٢) زيادة من: س، وحاشية الأصل.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٣)، والشافعى ٦/ ٢٤٧. وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٧٦٦٦) عن ابن علية به.\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"الفقيه\".","vol":"21","page":280},{"text":"عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الأعلَى، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ قال: سَمِعتُ حُمَيدًا يُحَدِّثُ عن بَعضِ ولَدِ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أن أنَسًا مَرِضَ مَرَضًا له، فشَكَّ فى حَملِ جاريَةٍ له فقالَ: إن مِتُّ فادعوا له القافَةَ. قال: فصَحَّ.\n\n٢١٣١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا حَسَنُ بنُ حَمشاذَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ أبو إسماعيلَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى حُمَيدٌ أن موسَى بنَ أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ حَدَّثَه عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ أنَّه أوصَى فى مَرَضِه وشَكَّ فى حَبَلِ جاريَةٍ فقالَ: انظُروا أن تَدْعُوا لِوَلَدِها القافَةَ. قال: فصَحَّ مِن مَرَضِه ذَلِكَ (^١).\n\n٢١٣١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ عَمَّن أخبَرَه عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن أبا موسَى -﵁- قَضَى بالقافَةِ.\nويُذكَرُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ ما دَلَّ على أنَّه أخَذَ بقَولِ القافَةِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4387>بابُ الدَّليلِ على أن لِغَلَبَةِ الأشباهِ تأثيرًا فى الأنسابِ، وأنَّ لها حُكمًا إذا لَم يَكُنْ ما هو أقوَى مِنها مِن فِراشٍ أو غَيِرهِ</span>\n\n٢١٣١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٠٣) عن يحيى بن أيوب به.","vol":"21","page":281},{"text":"شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- دَخَلَ علىَّ مَسرورًا تَبرُقُ أساريرُ وجهِه فقالَ: \"ألَم تَرَى أن مُجَزِّزًا نَظَرَ آنِفًا إلَى زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ وإِلَى أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ فقالَ: إنَّ بَعضَ هذه الأقدامِ مِن بَعضٍ؟ \" (^١).\n\n٢١٣١٥ - قال: وأخبرَنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قتُيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ. فذَكَرَه بإسنادِه مِثلَه (^٢). رَواه البُخارِىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣)، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحْيَى (^٤).\n\n٢١٣١٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو المُستَملِى، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةً، عن أبيه، عن مُصعَبِ بنِ شَيبَةَ، عن مُسافِعِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبيرِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى قِصَّةِ احتِلامِ المَرأةِ قالَت: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"وهَل يَكونُ الشَّبَهُ إلا مِن قِبَلِ ذَلِكِ؟ إذا عَلا ماؤُها ماءً الرَّجُل أشبَهَ الوَلَدُ أخوالَه، وإِذا عَلا ماءُ الرَّجُلِ ماءَها أشبَهَ الوَلدُ أعمامَه\" (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ يَحيَى بنِ زَكَريّا بن أبى زائدَةَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٤٥٢٦)، وابن حبان (٤١٠٢) من طريق الليث به. وتقدم فى (٢١٢٩٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٦٨)، والترمذى (٢١٢٩)، والنسائى (٣٤٩٣) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٧٠)، ومسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٣٨).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٤٥٩/ ٣٨).\n(^٥) تقدم فى (٨٠٩).\n(^٦) مسلم (٣١٤/ ٣٣).","vol":"21","page":282},{"text":"٢١٣١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جاءَه رَجُلٌ أعرابِىٌّ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ امرأتِى ولَدَت غُلامًا أسوَدَ! فقالَ له النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ مِن إبِلٍ؟ \". فقال: نَعَم. قال: \"ما ألوانُها؟ \". قال: حُمْرٌ. قال: \"هَل فيها (^١) أورَقُ؟ \". قال: نَعَم. قال: \"فأنَّى كان ذَلِكَ؟ \". قال: أُراه عِرقًا نَزَعَه. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لَعَلَّ ابنَكَ هذا نَزَعَه عِرقٌ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أوَيسٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن أوجهٍ (^٣) أخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الواسِطىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ فى قصَّةِ اللِّعانِ قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أبصِروها، فإِن جاءَت به أبيَضَ سَبِطًا قَضِئَ (^٥) العَينَينِ فهو لِهِلالِ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وإِن جاءَت به أكحَلَ جَعدًا حَمشَ السّاقَينِ فهو لِشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ\". قال: فأُنبِئتُ أنَّها جاءَت به أكحَلَ جَعدًا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م: \"من\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٤٣٦١، ١٥٤٥١، ١٧٢٢٦).\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"وجه\".\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٨٤٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٠/ ١٨، ١٩).\n(^٥) قضئ العينين: فاسدهما. ينظر غريب الحديث لابن الجوزى ٢/ ٢٥١.","vol":"21","page":283},{"text":"حَمشَ السّاقَينِ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثَنَّى (^٢).\n\n٢١٣١٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ قال: أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى عِكرِمَةُ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن هِلالَ بنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امرأتَه عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ، فذَكَرَ الحديثَ فى قِصَّةِ اللِّعانِ قال: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أبصِروها، فإن جاءَت به أكحَلَ العَينَينِ سابغَ الأَليَتينِ خَدَلَّجَ السّاقَينِ فهو لِشَريكِ ابنِ سَحماءَ\". فجاءَت به كَذَلِكَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"لَولا ما مَضَى مِن كِتابِ اللَّهِ لَكانَ لِى ولَها شأنٌ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ بَشّارٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنها قالَتِ: اختَصَمَ سَعدُ بنُ أبى وقّاصٍ وعَبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ فى غُلامٍ، فقالَ سَعدٌ: هذا يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ابنُ أخِى عُتبَةَ بنِ أبى وقّاصٍ، عَهِدَ إلَىَّ أنَّه ابنُه، انظُرْ إلَى شَبَهِهِ. وقالَ عبدُ بنُ زَمعَةَ: هذا أخِى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وُلِدَ على فِراشِ أبى مِن وليدَتِه. فنَظَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى شَبَهِه فرأى شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بعُتبَةَ فقالَ: \"هو لَكَ يا عبدُ؛ الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ ولِلعاهِرِ الحَجَرُ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٥٤٣٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٤٩٦/ ١١).\n(^٣) أبو داود (٢٢٥٤). وتقدم فى (١٥٣٨٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٤٧٤٧).","vol":"21","page":284},{"text":"واحتَجِبِى مِنه يا سَودَةُ بنتَ زَمعَةَ\". فلَم يَرَ سَودَةَ قَطُّ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحسينِ (^٣) ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: حَجَّ بِنا أبو الوَليدِ ونَحنُ سَبعَةٌ ولَدُ سيرينَ، فمَرَّ بنا على المَدينَةِ فأدخَلَنا على زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ فقالَ له: هَؤُلاءِ بَنو سيرينَ. قال: فقالَ زَيدٌ: هَذانِ لأُمٍّ، وهَذانِ لأُمٍّ، وهَذانِ لأُمٍّ، وهَذا لأُمٍّ. قالَ: فما أخطَأَ، وكانَ يَحيَى بنَ سيرينَ أخو محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ لأُمِّهِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4388>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن الوَلَدَ الواحِدَ لا يَكونُ مَخلوقًا مِن ماءِ رَجُلَينِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ (^٥) البَختَرِىِّ الرزازُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٤٨٤) عن قتيبة به. وتقدم فى (١١٥٧٣، ١١٥٧٤، ١٥٤٦٠، ١٥٤٦١، ٢٠٥٦٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢١٨)، ومسلم (١٤٥٧/ ٣٦).\n(^٣) فى م: \"الحسن\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٥٨، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى تاريخ بغداد ٥/ ٣٣٢، ٣٣٣، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ١٩/ ٣٣٠، ٣٣١، وعندهما: معبد. بدلًا من: يحيى بن سيرين.\n(^٥) سقط من: م. وينظر سير أعلام النبلاء ١٥/ ٣٨٥.","vol":"21","page":285},{"text":"سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، حدثنا الأعمَشُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: حدثنا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- وهو الصّادِقُ المَصدوقُ: \"إنَّ أحَدَكُم يُجمَعُ خَلقُه (^١) فى بَطنِ أمِّه أربَعينَ يَومًا، ثُمَّ يَكونُ عَلَقَة مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَكونُ مُضغَةً مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يِبعَثُ اللَّهُ إلَيه المَلَكَ فيَنفُخُ فيه الرّوحَ، ثُمَّ يُرمَرُ بأربَعٍ: اكتُبْ رِزقَه وعَمَلَه وأجَلَه وشَقِىٌّ هو أم سعيدٌ. والَّذِى لا إلَهَ غَيرُه إنَّ أحَدَكُم لَيَعمَلُ بعَمَلِ أهلِ النّارِ حَتَّى ما يَكونُ بَينَه وبَينَها إلَّا ذِراعٌ فيَسبِقُ عَلَيه الكتابُ فيُختَمُ له بعَمَلِ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ فيَدخُلُها، وإِنَّ أحَدَكُم لَيَعمَلُ بعَمَلِ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ حَتَّى ما يَكونُ بَينَه وبَينَها إلَّا ذِراعٌ فيَسبِقُ عَلَيه الكِتابُ فيُختَمُ له بعَمَلِ أهلِ النّارِ فيَدخُلُها\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ عن أبى مُعاويَةَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن الأعمَشِ (^٣).\nفأخبَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن جميعَ خَلقِه بعدَ الأربَعينَ يَكونُ عَلَقَةً أربَعينَ يَومًا، ثُمَّ جَميعَه بعدَ الثَّمانينَ يَكونُ مُضغَةً أربَعينَ يَومًا، ومَن جَعَلَ الوَلَدَ مِنِ اثنَينِ أجازَ أن يَكونَ بَعضُه ماءً وبَعضُه عَلَقَةً، وبَعضُه ماءً أو عَلَقَةً وبَعضُه مُضغَةً، وذَلِكَ بخِلافِ الظّاهِرِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4389>بابُ مَن قال: يُقرَعُ بَينَهُما إذا لَم يَكُن قافَةٌ</span>\n\n٢١٣٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن صالِحٍ،\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: الأصل.\n(^٢) المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٧٧)، والاعتقاد ص ١٣٧. وتقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٥٠٩).\n(^٣) مسلم (٢٦٤٣/ ١)، والبخارى (٣٢٠٨، ٣٣٣٢، ٦٥٩٤، ٧٤٥٤).","vol":"21","page":286},{"text":"عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ خَيرٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: أُتِىَ علىٌّ -﵁- وهو باليَمَنِ فى ثَلاثَةٍ وقَعوا على امرأةٍ فى طُهرٍ واحِدٍ، فسألَ اثنَينِ: أتُقِرّانِ لِهَذا بالوَلَدِ؟ فقالا: لا. ثُمَّ سألَ اثنَينِ فقالَ: أتُقِرّانِ لِهَذا بالوَلَدِ؟ قالا: لا. ثُمَّ سألَ اثنَينِ فقالَ: أتُقِرّانِ لِهَذا بالوَلَدِ؟ قالا: لا. قال: فجَعَلَ كُلَّما سألَ اثنَينِ: أتُقِرّانِ لِهَذا بالوَلَدِ؟ قالا: لا. فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم فألحَقَ الوَلَدَ بالَّذِى صارَت عَلَيه القُرعَةُ، وجَعَلَ عَلَيه ثُلُثَى الدِّيَةِ. قال: فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه (^١). هذا الحَديثُ مِمّا يُعَدُّ فى أفرادِ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ.\nوالمَشهورُ فى هذا البابِ ما:\n\n٢١٣٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى، عن الأجلَحِ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الخَليلِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ فقالَ: إنَّ ثَلاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ أتَوا عَليًّا -﵁- يَختَصِمونَ إلَيه فى ولَدٍ وقَد وقَعوا على امرأةٍ فى طُهرٍ واحِدٍ، فقالَ لِلاثنَينِ مِنهُما: طيبًا بالوَلَدِ لِهَذا. فغَلَبا -ثُمّ قال لِلاثنَينِ: طِيبَا بالوَلَدِ لِهَذا. فغَلَبا، [ثم قال للاثنينِ: طِيبَا بالولدِ لهذا. فغلبا] (^٢)، فقالَ: أنتُم شُرَكاءُ مُتَشاكِسونَ، إنِّى مُقرعٌ بَينَكُم، فمَن قَرَعَ فلَه الوَلَدُ وعَلَيه لِصاحِبَيه ثُلُثا الدِّيَةِ.\n_________\n(^١) عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٧٢)، ومن طريقه أبو داود (٢٢٧٠)، والنسائى (٣٤٨٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٨). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٣٢٩) من طريق الشعبى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩٨٧).\n(^٢) ليس فى: م.","vol":"21","page":287},{"text":"فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم فجَعَلَه لِمَن قَرَعَ، فضَحِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى بَدَت أضراسُه. أو قال: نَواجِذُه (^١). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ الكوفِىُّ عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٣)، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ سالِمٍ مَتروكٌ (^٤)، والأجلَحُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ قَد رَوَى عنه الأئمَّةُ؛ الثَّورِىُّ وابنُ المُبارَكِ ويَحيَى (^٥) القَطّانُ، إلا أنَّه لَم يَحتَجَّ به الشيخانِ البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الخَليلِ يَنفَرِدُ به، واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فى إسنادِه ورَفعِهِ:\nأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الخَليلِ الحَضرَمِىُّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ أرقَمَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى القُرعَةِ لَم يُتابَعْ عَلَيه (^٦).\nقال الشَّيخُ: وقَد ذَكَرَ البخارىُّ حَديثَ عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ حَيثُ قال: عن عبدِ خَيرٍ. وكأنَّه لَم يَعُدَّه مَحفوظًا، وحَديثُ ابنِ الخَليلِ كَذا رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن الأجلَحِ (^٧)، وقيلَ: عنه عن عامِرٍ الشَّعبِىِّ عن أبى الخَليلِ عن زَيدٍ (^٨). وقيلَ:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٣٤٩٠) من طريق يحيى به. وأحمد (١٩٣٤٢)، والعقيلى ٢/ ٢٤٤ من طريق أجلح به. وعند أحمد والنسائى: عبد اللَّه بن أبى الخليل. وهما واحد. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٥٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٢٦٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (١٩٨٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه الحميدى (٧٨٦)، والطبرانى (٤٩٩٢) من طريق محمد بن سالم عن الشعبى عن على بن ذريح عن زيد بن أرقم.\n(^٤) تقدم عقب (٢٢٦٦).\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٦) الكامل لابن عدى ٤/ ١٤٩٣، والتاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٩.\n(^٧) ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٩.\n(^٨) تقدم تخريجه قريبًا، وأبو الخليل هو عبد اللَّه بن الخليل. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٤/ ٤٥٧.","vol":"21","page":288},{"text":"عنه عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ خَليلٍ الحَضرَمِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁-، وقيلَ: عنه عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁- (^١).\nوأصَحُّ ما رُوِىَ فى هذا البابِ ما:\n\n٢١٣٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا شَبابَةُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى الخَليلِ أوِ ابنِ الخَليلِ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- أن ثَلاثَةً اشتَرَكوا فى طُهرِ امرأةٍ فادَّعَوُا الوَلَدَ، فأمَرَ علىٌّ -﵁- رَجُلًا أن يُقرعَ بَينَهُم، وأمَرَ الَّذِى قَرَعَ أن يُعطِىَ الآخَرَينِ ثُلُثَى الدّيَةِ ويَكونُ الوَلَدُ له (^٢). وهَذا مَوقوفٌ، وابنُ الخَليلِ يَنفَرِدُ به. فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nوقَد ذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ -﵁- هذا الحديثَ فى \"القديم\"، وفِى كِتابِ علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ -﵄-، وذَكَرَ أنَّه لَو ثَبَتَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قُلنا به وكانَتِ الحُجَّةُ فيهِ (^٣).\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمد قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ: قال أبو ثَورٍ: قَد كان أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ -يَعنِى الشّافِعِىَّ ﵀- قال: إذا لَم يَكُن قافَةٌ وعُدِمَ الَّذِى كان مِن قِبَلِه البَيانُ، أُقرعَ بَينَهُم (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٠٧) من طريق الأجلح به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٢٧١)، والنسائى (٣٤٩٢) من طريق شعبة به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٤٩٩).\n(^٣) الأم ٧/ ١٧٨.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠١٠).","vol":"21","page":289},{"text":"قال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مَرفوعًا:\n\n٢١٣٢٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو الصَّيرَفِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، أنبأنا داودُ الأودِىُّ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن أبى جُحَيفَةَ السُّوائىِّ قال: لَمّا كان علىٌّ -﵁- باليَمَنِ أتاه ثَلاثَةُ نَفَرٍ يَحتَقّونَ فى غُلامٍ -أو قال: يَختَصِمونَ فى غُلامٍ- فقالَ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم: هو ابنى. فأقرَعَ علىٌّ -﵁- بَينَهُم، فجَعَلَ الوَلَدَ لِلقارعِ، وجَعَلَ عَلَيه لِلرَّجُلَينِ ثُلُثَى الدّيَةِ. قال: فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَت نَواجِذُه مِن قَضاءِ علىٍّ -﵁- (^١). داودُ بنُ يَزيدَ الأودِىُّ غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- فيه قَضاءٌ آخَرُ فى غَيرِ هذه القِصَّةِ:\n\n٢١٣٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن قابوسَ، عن أبى ظَبيانَ -عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: أتاه رَجُلانِ وقَعا على امرأةٍ فى طُهرٍ فقالَ: الوَلَدُ بَينَكُما، وهو لِلباقِى مِنكُما (^٣).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجه آخَرَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مُرسَلًا، وفى ثُبوتِه عن علىٍّ -﵁- نَظَرٌ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ٧٩ عن عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٤٥٠٣، ١٧٢٧٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٤٧٣) -ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١٢/ ٢١٢ عقب (٤٧٦١) - عن سفيان الثورى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٩٢: قابوس ضعِّف.","vol":"21","page":290},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4390>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على أن الوَلَدَ الواحِدَ لا يُلحَقُ بأُمَّينِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السُّوسِىُّ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ خَلِىٍّ الحِمصِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"بَينَما امرأتانِ مَعَهُما ابناهُما جاءَ الذِّئبُ فذَهَبَ بابنِ إحداهُما، فقالَت هذه لِصاحِبَتِها: إنَّما ذَهَبَ بابنِكِ. وقالَتِ الأُخرَى: إنَّما ذَهَبَ بابنِكِ. فتَحاكَمَتا إلَى داودَ ﵇ فقَضَى به لِلكُبرَى، فخَرَجَتا على سُلَيمانَ بنِ داودَ ﵉ فأخبَرَتاه فقالَ: ائتونِى بالسِّكّينِ أشُقَّه بَينَهُما. فقالَتِ الصُّغرَى: لا تَفعَلْ يَرحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، هو ابنُها. فقَضَى به لِلصُّغرَى\". وقالَ أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: واللَّهِ إنْ سَمِعتُ بالسِّكّينِ قَطُّ إلّا يَومَئذٍ، وما كُنّا نَقولُ إلَّا المُديَةَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى اليَمانِ عن شُعَيبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ العَبدِىُّ، حدثنا أُمَيَّةُ بنُ بِسطامَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ القاسِمِ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن أبى الزِّنادِ، عن الأعرَجِ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إن امرأتَينِ أكَلَ أحَدَ ابنَيهِما الذِّئبُ، فجاءَتا إلَى داودَ ﵇\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى (٥٤١٧) من طريق شعيب به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٣٤٢٧، ٦٧٦٩).","vol":"21","page":291},{"text":"تَختَصِمانِ فى الباقِى فقَضَى لِلكُبرَى، فلَمّا خَرَجَتا على سُلَيمانَ ﵇ قال: كَيفَ قَضَى بَينَكُما؟ فأخبَرَتاه، فقالَ: ائتونِى بالسِّكّينِ -قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: وأوَّلُ مَن سَمِعتُه يقولُ السِّكّينَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، إنَّما كُنّا نُسَمّيه المُديَةَ- قالَتِ الصُّغرَى: لِمَ؟ قال: لأشُقَّه بَينَكُما. قالَتِ: ادفَعْه إلَيها. وقالَتِ الكُبرَى: شُقَّه بَينَنا. قال: فقَضَى لِلصُّغرَى، وقالَ: لَو كان ابنَكِ لَم تَرضَيْنَ [أن نَشُقَّه] (^١) \". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أُمَيَّةَ بنِ بِسطامَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4391>بابٌ: الوَلَدُ يُسلِمُ بإِسلامِ أحَدِ أبَوَيه</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ﴾ [الطور: ٢١].\n\n٢١٣٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ السَّرّاجِ قالا: أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ عن هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ﴾ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ: المُؤمِنُ يُلحَقُ به ذُرّيَّتُه ليُقِرَّ اللَّهُ بهِم عَينَه وإِن كانوا دونَه فى العَمَلِ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى س: \"أنه يشق\"، وفى م: \"أن تشقيه\".\nوالحديث أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٦٦) من طريق أمية بن بسطام به. وأحمد (٨٤٨٠)، والنسائى (٥٤١٨) من طريق محمد بن عجلان به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧٢٠/ عقب ٢٠).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٢٣٧) دون ذكر ابن السراج. وأخرجه هناد فى الزهد (١٧٩)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٣/ ١٠٥ من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"21","page":292},{"text":"٢١٣٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ عَبّادٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا الثَّورِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه ﷿: ﴿أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ (^١)﴾ قال: إنَّ اللَّهَ يَرفَعُ ذُرّيَّةَ المُؤمِنِ مَعَه فى دَرَجَتِه فى الجَنَّةِ وإِن كانوا دونَه فى العَمَلِ. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ﴾ يقولُ: وما نَقَصناهُم (^٢).\nلَم يَسمَعْه الثَّورِىُّ مِن عمرٍو، وإنَّما رَواه غَيرُه عن الثَّورِىِّ عن سَماعِه عن عمرٍو، وقَد ذَكَرناه فى غَيرِ هذا المَوضِعِ (^٣)، وحَديثُ شُعبَةَ عن عمرو مَوصولٌ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى جُملَةِ ما احتَجَّ به: وكانَ الإِسلامُ أولَى به؛ لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى أعَلَى الإِسلامَ على الأديانِ، والأعلَى أولَى أن يَكونَ له الحُكمُ، وقَد رُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- مَعنَى ذَلِكَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ: حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"من عملهم من شئ\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الاعتقاد ص ١٦٦، والقضاء والقدر (٦٣٦)، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٦٨، وعبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٢٤٧، وتفسير الثورى ص ٢٨٣، ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٢١/ ٥٧٩.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى القضاء والقدر (٦٣٧) مسندًا.\n(^٤) مختصر المزنى ص ٣١٨.","vol":"21","page":293},{"text":"يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: الوَلَدُ لِلوالِدِ المُسلِمِ (^١).\n\n٢١٣٣٣ - قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حدثنا يَحيَى، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه اختُصِمَ إلَيه فى صَبِىٍّ أحَدُ أبَوَيه نَصرانِىٌّ قال: الوالِدُ المُسلِمُ أحَقُّ بالوَلَدِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٣٤ - قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى الصَّغيرِ قال: مَعَ المُسلِمِ مِن والِدَيهِ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى سائرُ ما رُوِىَ فى هذا البابِ فى كِتابِ اللَّقيطِ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4392>بابُ مَتاعِ البَيتِ يَختَلِفُ فيه الزَّوجانِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فمَن أقامَ البَيِّنَةَ على شَئٍ مِن ذَلِكَ فهو لهُ، ومَن لَم يُقِمْ بَيِّنَة فالقياسُ الَّذِى لا يُعذَرُ أحَدٌ عِندِى بالغَفلَةِ عنه على الإجماعِ أن هذا المَتاعَ فى أيديهِما مَعًا، فيَحلِفُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما لِصاحِبِه على دَعواه، فإِن حَلَفا جَميعًا فهو بَينَهُما نِصفانِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٣٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ التّاجِرُ الأصبَهانِىُّ بالرَّىِّ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ حَمزَةُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أحمدَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٨٧) عن أبى معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٨٨، ٣١٩٨٩) من طريق أشعث به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٩٠) من طريق آخر عن الحسن به.\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢٢٦٥ - ١٢٣٠٠).\n(^٥) الأم ٧/ ١٣٢.","vol":"21","page":294},{"text":"المالِكِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو حاتِمٍ محمدُ بنُ إدريسَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ القَعنَبِىُّ قالا: حدثنا نافِعُ بنُ عُمَرَ الجُمَحِىُّ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: كَتَبَ إلَىَّ ابنُ عباسٍ -﵄- أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَضَى أن اليَمينَ على المُدَّعَى عَلَيهِ (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" كما مَضَى (^٢).\nوههُنا كُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مُدَّعًى عَلَيه ما فى يَدِه؛ فالقَولُ قَولُه مَعَ يَمينِه فى نَفىِ ما يَدَّعِى صاحِبُه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولأنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَد يَملِكُ مَتاعَ النِّساءِ، والمَرأةَ قَد تَملِكُ مَتاعَ الرَّجُلِ بالشِّراءِ والميراثِ وغَيرِ ذَلِكَ، وقَدِ استَحَلَّ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ فاطِمَةَ -﵄- ببَدَنٍ مِن حَديدٍ، وهَذا [من مَتاعِ الرَّجالِ] (^٣)، وقَد كانَت فاطِمَةُ -﵂- فى تِلكَ الحالِ مالكَةً لِلبَدَنِ دونَ علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ: وقَد مَضَى هذا فى رِوايَةِ عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لَما تَزَوَّجَ علىٌّ فاطِمَةَ -﵄- قال له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعطِها شَيئًا\". قال: ما عِندِى شَئٌ. قال: \"أينَ دِرعُكَ الحُطَميَّةُ؟ \" (^٥).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن علىٍّ -﵁- ما:\n\n٢١٣٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبهانِىُّ، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٠٩٠٥، ١١٥٥٧، ٢٠٧٤٩، ٢٠٧٦٤، ٢١٢٤٥).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥١٤، ٢٦٦٨)، ومسلم (١٧١١). وتقدم عقب (٢٠٧٤٩).\n(^٣) فى م: \"متاع الرجل\".\n(^٤) الأم ٥/ ٩٥.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٤٥٧٥).","vol":"21","page":295},{"text":"أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا رَقَبَةُ قال: خَرَجَ يَزيدُ بنُ أبى مُسلِمٍ مِن عِندِ الحَجّاجِ فقالَ: لَقَد قَضَى الأميرُ بقَضيَّةٍ. فقالَ له الشَّعبِىُّ: وما هِىَ؟ فقالَ: قال: ما كان لِلرَّجُلِ فهو لِلرَّجُلِ، وما كان لِلنِّساءِ فهو لِلمَرأةِ. فقالَ الشَّعبِىُّ: قَضاءُ رَجُلٍ مِن أهلِ بَدرٍ. قال: ومَن هوَ؟ قال: لا أُخبِرُكَ. قال: مَن هو؟ علىَّ عَهدُ اللَّهِ وميثاقُه ألا أُخبِرَه. قال: هو علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-. قال: فدَخَلَ على الحَجّاجِ فأخبَرَه فقالَ (^١): صَدَقَ ويحَكَ، إنّا لَم نَنقِمْ على علىٍّ قَضاءَه؛ قَد عَلِمنا أن عَليًّا كان أقضاهُم (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4393>بابُ أخذِ الرَّجُلِ حَقَّه مِمَّن يَمنَعُه إيّاهُ</span>\n\n٢١٣٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ يَعنى الطَّرائفِىَّ، حدثنا أبو سعيدٍ عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ العَبدِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ وهو الثَّورِىُّ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أن هِندًا قالَت لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ، أعَلَىَّ جُناحٌ أن آخُذَ مِن مالِه سِرًّا؟ قال: \"خُذِى ما يَكفيكِ ووَلَدَكِ بالمَعروفِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ كَثيرٍ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"الحجاج\".\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٦٥/ ٣٨٨ من طريق المصنف به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٩٤: محمد ضعف، وهو ابن الأصبهانى.\n(^٣) تقدم تخريجه فى (١٥٧٨٧، ١٥٨٢٩).\n(^٤) البخارى (٧١٨٠).","vol":"21","page":296},{"text":"٢١٣٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا أنَسُ بنُ عياضٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو كُرَيبٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أَبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جاءَت هِندٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ شَحيحٌ، ولا يُنفِقُ علىَّ وعلى ولَدِى ما يَكفينِى وبَنِىَّ؛ أفآخُذُ مِن مالِه وهو لا يَشعُرُ؟ فقالَ: \"خُذِى ما يَكفيكِ ووَلَدَكِ بالمَعروفِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أنَسِ بنِ عياضٍ: وإنَّه لا يُعطينِى ما يَكفينِى ووَلَدِى إلا ما أخَذتُ مِنه سِرًّا وهو لا يَعلَمُ، فهَل علىَّ فى ذَلِكَ مِن شَئٍ؟ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى كُرَيبٍ (^٢).\nوأخرَجاه مِن حَديثِ الزُّهرِىِّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n٢١٣٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ المَروَزِىُّ، أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عمرِو بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠١٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٤٢٣١، ٢٥٧١٣)، والنسائى (٥٤٣٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٢٩٣) من طريق وكيع به. وأبو داود (٣٥٣٢) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٧١٤/ عقب ٧).","vol":"21","page":297},{"text":"الموَجِّهِ، أنبأنا عبدانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى عُروَةُ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جاءَت هِندُ بنتُ عُتبَةَ بنِ رَبيعَةَ فقالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّه، واللَّهِ ما كان على ظَهرِ الأرضِ مِن أهلِ خِباءٍ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ أن يَذِلّوا مِن أهلِ خِبائِكَ، ثُمَّ ما أصبَحَ اليَومَ على ظَهرِ الأرضِ أهلُ خِباءٍ أحَبَّ إلَىَّ أن يَعِزُّوا مِن أهلِ خِبائِكَ. قال: \"وأيضًا (^١) والَّذِى نَفسِى بيَدِه\". ثُمَّ قالَت: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ أبا سُفيانَ رَجُلٌ مُمسِكٌ؛ فهَل عَلَىَّ حَرَجٌ فى أن أُطعِمَ مِنَ الَّذِى له عيالًا؟ قال: \"لا، بالمَعروفِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ ابنِ بُكَيرٍ: فهَل علىَّ مِن حَرَجٍ أن أُطعِمَ مِنَ الَّذِى لَهُ؟ قال: \"نَعَمْ بالمَعروفِ\". ومَعناهُما واحِدٌ، وشَكَّ ابنُ بُكَيرٍ فى أحياءٍ (^٢) أو خِباءٍ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ، وفى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ عن عبدانَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن ابنِ شِهابٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو جابِرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن أبى الجُودِىِّ قال: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُهاجِرِ، أنَّه سَمِعَ المِقدامَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ\n_________\n(^١) وأيضًا: أي ستزيد بصيرتك وتعود إلى خير من هذا وأفضل، وأصل آض: عاد. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٥٦.\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ. وفى مصادر التخريج، ومشارق الأنوار ١/ ٢٢٨: \"أخباء\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٢٥٨٨٨)، وأبو داود (٣٥٣٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩١٩٠)، وابن حبان (٤٢٥٧) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٦٦٤١، ٣٨٢٥)، ومسلم (١٧١٤/ ٨، ٩).","vol":"21","page":298},{"text":"النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أيُّما مُسلِمٍ ضافَ قَومًا فأصبَحَ الضَّيفُ مَحرومًا كان حَقًّا على كُلِّ مُسلِمٍ نَصرُه، حَتَّى يأخُذَ له بقِراه مِن مالِه وزَرعِه\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو سَلَمَةَ مَنصورُ بنُ سلمةَ الخُزاعِىُّ، حدثنا لَيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن أبى الخَيرِ، عن عُقبَةَ بنِ عامِرٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّكَ تَبعَثُنا فنَنزِلُ بقَومٍ لا يَقرونَنا، فما تَرَى فى ذَلِكَ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"إن نَزَلتُم بقَومٍ فأُمِرَ لَكُم بما يَنبَغِى لِلضَّيفِ فاقبَلوا، فإِن لَم يَفعَلوا فخُذوا مِنهُم حَقَّ الضَّيفِ الَّذِي يَنبَغِى لَهُم\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو كامِلٍ أن يَزيدَ بنَ زُرَيعٍ حَدَّثَهُم قال: حدثنا حُمَيدٌ الطَّويلُ، عن يوسُفَ بنِ ماهَكَ المَكِّىِّ قال: كُنتُ أكتُبُ لِفُلانٍ نَفَقَةَ أيتامٍ كان وليَّهُم، فغالَطوه بألفِ دِرهَمٍ فأدّاها إلَيهِم، فأدرَكتُ لَهُم أموالَهُم مِثلَها. قال: قُلتُ: اقبِضِ الألفَ الَّذِى ذَهَبوا به مِنكَ. قال: لا؛ حَدَّثَنِى أبى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أدِّ إلَى مَنِ ائتَمَنَكَ، ولا تَخُنْ مَن خانَكَ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٨٧٢٩).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٨٧٢٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٦١، ٦١٣٧)، ومسلم (١٧٢٧/ ١٧).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٥٣٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٤٢٤) من طريق حميد به. وعند أبى داود: مثليها. بدل: مثلها.","vol":"21","page":299},{"text":"٢١٣٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرزازُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا طَلقُ بنُ غَنّامٍ النَّخَعِىُّ، أنبأنا شَريكٌ وقَيسٌ، عن أبى حَصِينٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"أدِّ الأمانَةَ إلَى مَنِ ائتمَنَكَ، ولا تَخُنْ مَن خانَكَ\". قال أبو الفَضلِ: قُلتُ لِطَلقٍ: أكتُبُ شَريكًا وأدَعُ قَيسًا؟ قال: أنتَ أعلمُ (^١).\nالحَديثُ الأوَّلُ فى حُكمِ المُنقَطِعِ؛ حَيثُ لَم يَذكُرْ يوسُفُ بنُ ماهَكَ اسمَ مَن حَدَّثَه ولا اسمَ مَن حَدَّثَ عنه مَن حَدَّثَه، وحَديثُ أبى حَصِينٍ تَفَرَّدَ به عنه شَريكٌ القاضِى وقَيسُ بنُ الرَّبيعِ، وقَيسٌ ضَعيفٌ، وشَريكٌ لَم يَحتَجَّ به أكثَرُ أهلِ العِلمِ بالحَديثِ (^٢) وإِنَّما ذَكَرَه مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ فى الشَّواهِدِ.\nورُوِىَ عن أبى حَفصٍ الدِّمَشقِىِّ عن مَكحولٍ عن أبى أُمامَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، وهَذا ضَعيفٌ؛ لأنَّ مَكحولًا لَم يَسمَعْ مِن أبى أُمامَةَ شَيئًا، وأبو حَفصٍ الدِّمَشقِىُّ هذا مَجهولٌ (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَسَنِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٥)، وهو مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣٢٣). وأخرجه أبو داود (٣٥٣٥)، والترمذى (١٢٦٤) من طريق طلق بن غنام به، وعندهما دون قول أبى الفضل، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.\n(^٢) تقدم الكلام عليهما عقب (١١٨٥٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى (٧٥٨٠) من طريق أبى حفص الدمشقى به.\n(^٤) ينظر الكلام عليه فى: تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٥٣. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٤١٣: مجهول.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٢٨٤)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٧/ ١٧٢.","vol":"21","page":300},{"text":"٢١٣٤٤ - ورَواه أيّوبُ بنُ سُوَيدٍ -وهو ضَعيفٌ (^١) - عن ابنِ شَوذَبٍ عن أبى التَّيّاحِ عن أنَسٍ مَرفوعًا. أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَطّارُ الحِيرِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عُمَيرٍ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ الخَصّافُ أن أيّوبَ بنَ سُوَيدٍ حَدَّثَهُم، فذَكَرَه (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى هذا الحديثِ: لَيسَ بثابِتٍ عِندَ أهلِ الحديثِ مِنكُم، ولَو كان ثابِتًا لَم يَكُنْ فيه حُجَّةٌ عَلَينا. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: إذا دَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ وإِجماعُ كَثيرٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ على أن يأخُذَ الرَّجُلُ حَقَّه لِنَفسِه سِرًّا مِنَ الَّذِى هو عَلَيه فقَد دَلَّ أن ذَلِكَ لَيسَ بخيانَةٍ؛ الخيانَةُ أخذُ ما لا يَحِلُّ أخذُه. فلَو خانَنِى دِرهَمًا فقُلتُ: قَدِ استَحَل خيانَتِى. لَم يَكُنْ لِى أن آخُذَ مِنه عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ مُكافأةً بخيانَتِه لِى، وكانَ لِى أن آخُذَ دِرهَمًا، ولا أكونُ بهَذا خائنًا ظالِمًا كما كُنتَ خائنًا ظالِمًا بأخذِ تِسعَةٍ مَعَ دِرهَمِى؛ لأنَّه لَم يَخُنْها (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) هو أيوب بن سويد، أبو مسعود الرملى الحميرى السيبانى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٤١٧، والجرح والتعديل ٢/ ٢٥٠، والضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ١/ ١٣٠. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ١/ ٩٠: صدوق يخطئ.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الصغير (٤٧٥)، وابن على فى الكامل ١/ ٣٥٤، والحاكم ٢/ ٤٦ من طريق أيوب بن سويد به.\n(^٣) الأم ٥/ ١٠٤.","vol":"21","page":301},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4394>كتابُ العِتقِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4395>بابُ فضلِ إعتاقِ النَّسَمَةِ وفَكِّ الرَّقَبَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ زيادٍ قال: حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى واقِدُ بنُ محمدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ ابنُ مَرجانَةَ صاحِبُ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ قال: قال أبو هريرةَ -﵁-: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما أمرئٍ مُسلِمٍ أعتَقَ امرأً مُسلِمًا استَنقَذَه اللَّهُ بكُلِّ عُضوٍ مِنه عُضوًا منه (^١) مِنَ النّارِ\". قال سعيدُ ابنُ مَرجانَةَ: سَمِعتُ الحديثَ فانطَلَقتُ به إلَى علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، فعَمَدَ إلَى عبدٍ قَد أعطاه به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عَشَرَةَ ألفِ (^٢) دِرهَمٍ، أو ألفَ دينارٍ فأعتَقَه (^٣).\nرَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أحمدَ بنِ يونُسَ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عاصِمٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٤٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا ابنُ مِلحانَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ الهادِ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ علىِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ مَرجانَةَ، سمعتُه (^٥) يُحَدِّثُ عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"آلاف\".\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٠١) من طريق عاصم بن محمد به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥١٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٩/ ٢٤).\n(^٥) فى م: \"سمعه\".","vol":"21","page":303},{"text":"أبى هريرةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أعتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً (^١) أعتَقَ اللَّهُ بكُلٍّ عُضوٍ مِنه عُضوًا مِنه مِنَ النّارِ حَتَّى يُعتِقَ فرجَه بفَرجِه\" (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الشيرازِىُّ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ وأحمَدُ بنُ سَهلٍ قالا: حدثنا داودُ بنُ رُشَيدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ مُطَرِّفٍ أبى غَسّان، عن زَيدِ بنِ أسلَمَ، عن علىِّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ مَرجانَةَ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁-، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ رَقَبَةً أعتَقَ اللَّهُ بكُلِّ عُضوٍ مِنها عُضوًا مِن أعضائِه مِنَ النّارِ، حَتَّى فرجَه بفَرجِه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ، ورَواه البخارىُّ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ عن داودَ بنِ رُشَيدٍ (^٥).\n\n٢١٣٤٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُرَّةَ قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ بنَ أبى الجَعدِ، عن شُرَحبيلَ بنِ السِّمطِ قال: قيلَ لِكَعبِ بنِ مُرَّةَ أو مُرَّةَ بنِ كَعبٍ البَهزِىِّ: حَدَّثنا حَديثًا سَمِعتَه مِن\n_________\n(^١) زيادة من: نسخة المصنف، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٥٤١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٨٧٤) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٠٩/ ٢٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤١٥)، وتقدم فى (١٢٧٢٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٠٩/ ٢٢)، والبخارى (٦٧١٥).","vol":"21","page":304},{"text":"رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- للَّهِ أبوكَ واحذَرْ. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ أعتَقَ رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا كان فِكاكَه مِنَ النّارِ، يُجزَى بكُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِه عَظمًا مِن عِظامِه، وأيُّما رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ أعتَقَ امرأتَينِ مُسلِمَتَينِ كانَتا فِكاكَه مِنَ النّارِ؛ يُجزَى بكُلِّ عَظمَينِ مِن عِظامِهِما عَظمًا مِن عِظامِه، وأيُّما امرأة مُسلِمَةٍ أعتَقَتِ امرأةً مُسلِمَةً كانَت فِكاكَها مِنَ النّارِ، تُجزَى بكُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِها عَظمًا مِن عِظامِها\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عثمانَ سعيدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ محمدٍ بنِ عبدانَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ المُؤَمَّلِ، حدثنا الفَضلُ بنُ محمدٍ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مُعاويَةُ بنُ صالِحٍ أنَّه قال: سَمِعتُ أسَدَ بنَ وَداعَةَ الطّائىَّ يقولُ: قال شُرَحبيلُ بنُ السِّمطِ وهو أميرٌ على حِمصٍ لِعَمرِو بنِ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِىِّ صاحِبِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: يا أبا نَجيحٍ، حَدِّثنا بحَديثٍ سَمِعتَه مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لَيسَ فيه تَزَيُّدٌ ولا نِسيانٌ. قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أعتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤمِنَةً أعتَقَ اللَّهُ بكُلِّ عُضوٍ مِنها عُضوًا مِنه مِنَ النّارِ، ومَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فبَلَغَ العَدوَّ وأصابَ كان له كَعِدلِ رَقَبَةٍ، ومَن شابَ شَيبَةً فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ كانَت له نورًا يَومَ القيامَةِ\".\n\n٢١٣٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سالِمِ بنِ أبى الجَعدِ، عن مَعدانَ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ اليَعمَرِىِّ، عن أبى نَجيحٍ\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٢٩٤).","vol":"21","page":305},{"text":"السُّلَمِىِّ قال: حاصرْنا مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَصرَ الطائفِ، فسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن بَلَّغَ بسَهمٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فهو له عِدلُ مُحَرَّرٍ (^١) \". فبَلَّغتُ يَومَئذٍ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ سَهمًا، فسَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن رَمَى بسَهمٍ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فهو له دَرَجَةٌ فى الجَنَّةِ، ومَن شابَ شَيبَةَ فى الإِسلامِ كانَت له نورًا يَومَ القيامَةِ، وأيُّما رَجُلٍ مُسلِمٍ أعتَقَ رَجُلًا مُسلِمًا فإنَّ اللَّهَ جاعِلٌ وِقاءَ كُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِه عَظمًا مِن عِظامِه مُحَرَّرَةً مِنَ النّارِ، وأيُّما امرأةٍ مُسلِمَةٍ أعتقَتِ امرأةً مُسلِمَةً فإنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جاعِلٌ وِقاءَ كُلِّ عَظمٍ مِن عِظامِها عَظمًا مِن عِظامِها مُحَرَّرَةً مِنَ النّارِ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَمشاذَ العَدلُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ دِيزيلَ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ العَسقَلانِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الحُمَيدِىُّ وإِبراهيمُ بنُ بَشّارٍ الرَّمادِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى شَيخٌ مِن أهلِ الكوفَةِ يُقالُ له شُعبَةُ قال: كُنّا عِندَ أبى بُردَةَ ابنِ أبى موسَى ومَعَه بَنوه فقالَ: ألا أُحَدِّثُكُم بحَديثٍ حَدَّثَنِى به أبى؟ قالوا: بَلَى يا أَبَهْ، فحَدِّثْنا. قال: حَدَّثَنِى أبى أنَّه سَمِعَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أعتَقَ رَقَبَةً -أو: عبدًا- كانَت فِكاكَه مِنَ النّارِ عُضوًا بعُضوٍ\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) عدل محرر: أى أجر معتق. النهاية ١/ ٣٦٢.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الشعب (٤٣٤١)، والطيالسى (١٢٥٠). وأخرجه أحمد (١٧٠٢٢، ١٩٤٢٨)، وأبو داود (٣٩٦٥)، والترمذى (١٦٣٨)، والنسائى (٣١٤٣)، وابن حبان (٢٩٨٤، ٤٦١٥) من طريق هشام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٥٥).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١١، ٢١٢، والحميدى (٧٦٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٦٢٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٨٧٨) من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢٤٣: ورجال أحمد ثقات.","vol":"21","page":306},{"text":"٢١٣٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ قالا: حدثنا عيسَى بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن طَلحَةَ اليامِىِّ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوسَجَةَ، عن البَراءِ قال: جاءَ أعرابِىٌّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أخبِرْنِى بعَمَلٍ يُدخِلُنِى الجَنَّةَ. قالَ: \"لَئن قَصَّرتَ فى الخُطبَةِ لَقَد عَرَّضتَ المَسألَةَ، أعتِقِ النَّسَمَةَ وفُكَّ الرَّقَبَةَ\". قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أهُما سَواءٌ؟ قال: \"لا، عِتقُ النَّسَمَةِ أن تَنفَرِدَ بها، وفَكُّ الرَّقَبَةِ أن تُعينَ فى ثَمَنِها، والمِنحَةُ الوَكوفُ (^١)، والفَئُ على ذِى الرَّحِمِ الظّالِمِ\" (^٢). قال: فمَن يُطيقُ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: \"فأطعِمِ الجائعَ واسقِ الظَّمآنَ\". قال: فإِن لَم أستَطِعْ؟ قال: \"مُرْ بالمعروفَ وانْهَ عن المُنكَرِ\". قال: فمَن لَم يُطُقْ ذاكَ؟ قال: \"فكُفَّ لِسانَكَ إلا مِن خَيرِ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4396>بابٌ: أىُّ الرِّقابِ أفضَلُ</span>؟\n\n٢١٣٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ الحَسَنُ بنُ عِمرانَ القاضِى الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حاتِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) المنحة: الناقة أو الشاة تدفع لمن يحتلبها، والوَكوف: الكثيرة الغزيرة اللبن. ينظر غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ١/ ٢٩٤، ٢٩٥.\n(^٢) الفئ على ذى الرحم: أى العطف عليه والرجوع إليه بالبر. النهاية ٣/ ٤٨٣.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤١٦)، والطيالسى (٧٧٥). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٦٤٧)، وابن حبان (٣٧٤) من طريق عيسى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٢٩٩: عيسى صويلح.","vol":"21","page":307},{"text":"عبدُ الجَليلِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن أبى مُراوحٍ الغِفارِىِّ، عن أبى ذَرٍّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: أىُّ العَمَلِ أفضلُ؟ قال: \"إيمانٌ باللَّهِ وجِهادٌ فى سَبيلِه\". قُلتُ: أىُّ الرَّقابِ أفضَلُ؟ قال: \"أغلاها (^١) ثَمَنًا وأنفَسُها عِندَ أهلِها\". قال: قُلتُ: فإِن لَم أفعَلْ. قال: \"تُعينُ صانِعًا أو تَصنَعُ لأخرَقَ\". قال: قُلتُ: فإِن لَم أفعَلْ. قال: \"تَدَعُ النّاسَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ؛ فإنَّها صَدَقَةٌ تَصَّدَّقُ بها على نَفسِكَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ موسَى (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4397>بابُ فضلِ العِتقِ فى الصِّحَّةِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبى حَبيبةَ (^٤) الطّائىِّ قال: لَقِيتُ أبا الدَّرداءِ فقُلتُ: إنَّ أخًا لِى ماتَ وأوصَى إلَىَّ بطائفَةٍ مِن مالِه، ففِى أىِّ شَئٍ أضَعُه؟ فى الفُقَراءِ والمُجاهِدينَ وفِى الرِّقابِ؟ قال: أمَا إنِّى (^٥) فلَو كُنتُ لَم أعدِلْ بالمُجاهِدينَ؛ لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَثَلُ الَّذِى يُعتِقُ عِندَ المَوتِ مَثَلُ الَّذِى يُهدِى بعدَما يَشبَعُ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل: \"أعلاها\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٢٧٢١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥١٨).\n(^٤) فى م: \"حبيب\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ٢٢٦.\n(^٥) كذا فى النسخ. وفوقها فى الأصل: \"صح\". وفى الحاشية: \"كذا\". وقد تقدم بلفظ: \"أما أنا\".\n(^٦) تقدم فى (٧٩٠٩، ٧٩١٠).","vol":"21","page":308},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4398>بابُ مَن أعتَقَ مِن مَملوكِه شِقصًا</span>\n\n٢١٣٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ المَعنَى، أنبأنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى المَليحِ، قال أبو الوَليدِ: عن أبيه، إن رَجُلًا أعتَقَ شَقيصًا (^١) له مِن غُلامٍ، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لَيسَ للَّهِ شَريكٌ\". زادَ ابنُ كَثيرٍ فى حَديثِه: فأجازَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عِتقَه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ هذا فيمَن أعتَقَ شِقصًا له مِن غُلامٍ مُشتَرَكٍ بَينَه وبَينَ غَيرِه، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَه.\n\n٢١٣٥٦ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أبى مَليحٍ، أن رَجُلًا مِن قَومِه أعتَقَ ثُلُثَ غُلامِه، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"هو حُرٌّ كُلُّه؛ لَيسَ للَّهِ شَريكٌ\" (^٣). وهَذا فيما وضَعْنا البابَ له أظهَرُ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٣٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"شقصا\". والشِّقص والشقيص: النصيب. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٣٣). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧٠) من طريق أبى الوليد به. وأحمد (٢٠٧١٦) من طريق همام به مطولًا. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٧٤) من طريق عباد بن العوام به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧١) من طريق سعيد به.","vol":"21","page":309},{"text":"خالِدِ بنِ سلمةَ المَخزومِىِّ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁- بعَرَفَةَ فقالَ: إنِّى أعتَقتُ شِقصًا مِن غُلامِى هذا. قال: أُعتِقَ كُلُّه؛ لَيسَ للَّهِ شَريكٌ (^١). كَذا وجَدتُه فى كِتابِى، وهو فى \"الجامع\" رِوايَة عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الوَليدِ العَدَنِىِّ عن سُفيانَ: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: عَتَقَ كُلُّه. لَيسَ فيه ألِفٌ.\n\n٢١٣٥٨ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ بالُويَه مِن أصلِ كِتابِه، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، حدثنا عُمَرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: كان لَهُم غُلامٌ يُقالُ له طَهمانُ أو ذَكوانُ. قال: فأعتَقَ جَدُّه نِصفَه، فجاءَ العَبدُ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأخبَرَه، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"تَعتِقُ فى عِتقِكَ، وتَرِقُّ فى رِقِّكَ\". قال: فكانَ يَخدُمُ سَيِّدَه حَتَّى ماتَ (^٢). تَفَرَّدَ به عُمَرُ بنُ حَوشَبٍ، وإِسماعيلُ هو ابنُ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ، وعَمرُو بنُ سعيدٍ لَيسَ له صُحبَةٌ.\n\n٢١٣٥٩ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا خَليفَةُ بنُ خَيّاطٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ واصِلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فضاءٍ، عن أبيه، عن عَلقَمَةَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، عن أبيه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُعتِقُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٠٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٧١) من طريق سفيان به. وعندهما ذكر الثلث بدل الشقص.\n(^٢) أحمد (١٥٤٠٢)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٧٠٥)، ومن طريقه أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٩٧). وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢٤٨: رواه أحمد وهو مرسل ورجاله ثقات.","vol":"21","page":310},{"text":"الرَّجُلُ مِن عبدِه ما شاءَ؛ إن شاءَ ثُلُثًا، وإِن شاءَ رُبُعًا، وإِن شاءَ خُمُسًا، لَيسَ بَينَه وبَينَ اللَّهِ ضَغْطَةٌ (^١) \". وقالَ فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: \"سَقطَةٌ\" (^٢). قال الأُستاذُ أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: هو الَّذِى يُعتِقُ مِن ذا ثُلُثَه، ومِن ذا رُبُعَه، و(^٣) ماتَ، أو أوصَى بنِصفِ عِتقِ هذا وبِنِصفِ عِتقِ هذا، لا يُبطِلُ أحَدُهُما الآخَرَ، ويَعتِقُ مِن كُلِّ واحِدٍ قَدرُ ما أعتَقَه.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذا تأويلٌ حَسَنٌ، إلا أن محمدَ بنَ فضاءٍ هذا ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به، تَكَلَّمَ فيه يَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمنِ النَّسائىُّ ﵏ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁- قال: إذا كان لِرَجُلٍ عبدٌ فأعتَقَ نِصفَه لَم يَعتِق مِنه إلا ما عَتَقَ (^٥). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\n_________\n(^١) الضَّغطة والضُّغطة: القهر والإكراه والتضييق. ينظر النهاية ٣/ ٩٠، ٩١، وتاج العروس ١٩/ ٤٥٢ (ض غ ط).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٧١٦٠) من طريق عبد الواحد بن واصل به.\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"من\".\n(^٤) هو محمد بن فضاء بن خالد الأزدى الجهضمى، أبو بحر البصرى. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ١/ ٢٠٩، وتاريخ ابن معين برواية الدورى ١/ ٢٠٢، والضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى ١/ ٢٣٤، وتهذيب الكمال ٢٦/ ٢٧٧. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٢٠٠: ضعيف.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٠٧) من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"21","page":311},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4399>بابُ منَ أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ وهو موسِرٌ</span>\n\n٢١٣٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ العَلاءُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، حدثنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ الذُّهلِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لمالِكِ بنِ أنَسٍ: حَدَّثَكَ نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ، وكانَ له مالٌ يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَ العَبدِ، قُوِّمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ العَدْلِ (^١) وأُعطِى شُرَكاؤُه حِصَصَهُم، وعَتَقَ عَلَيه العَبدُ، وإِلَّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\"؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى، كِلاهُما عن مالكٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا شُعَيبُ بنُ اللَّيثِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"أيُّما مَملوكٍ كان بَينَ شُرَكاءَ فأعَتَقَ أحَدُهُم نَصيبَه فإنَّه يُقامُ فى مالِ الَّذِى أعتَقَ قيمَةَ عَدْلٍ، فيَعتِقُ إن\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عدل\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٢٢)، والمعرفة (٦٠٢٢)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٩٧. وتقدم فى (١١٦٣٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠١/ ١، ٤٧).","vol":"21","page":312},{"text":"بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مالُه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن اللَّيثِ، واستَشهَدَ به البخارىُّ فقالَ: ورَواه اللَّيثُ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٦٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الشَّرْقِىِّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ أُقيمَ على الَّذِى أعتَقَه، فيَدفَعُ (^٣) ثَمَنَه إلَى شُرَكائه، وأُعتِقَ فى مالِ الَّذِى أعتَقَه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ رافِعٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وقالَ البخارىُّ: ورَواه إسماعيلُ بنُ أُمَيَّةَ (^٥).\n\n٢١٣٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أنبأنا أُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شركا له فى عبدٍ أُقيمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ العَدلِ، فأُعْطِىَ\n_________\n(^١) فوائد الليث (٢٠)، ومن طريقه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٣١٥).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠١/ عقب ١)، والبخارى عقب (٢٥٢٥).\n(^٣) ضبطه فى الأصل بالبناء للمعلوم والمجهول معًا.\n(^٤) عبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٤).\n(^٥) مسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١)، ٣/ ١٢٨٦ (١٥٠١/ عقب ٤٩) وفيهما: إسحاق بن منصور. مكان: محمد بن رافع، والبخارى عقب (٢٥٢٥).","vol":"21","page":313},{"text":"شُركاؤُه حِصَصَهُم، وعَتَقَ عَلَيه العَبدُ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن هارونَ بنِ سعيدٍ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٦٥ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ يَعنِى الحافظَ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الغازِى، حدثنا أبو الأشعَثِ، حدثنا الفُضَيلُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ عُقبَةَ، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ كانَ يُفتِى فى العَبدِ أوِ الأمَةِ يَكونُ بَينَ الشُّرَكاءِ فيُعتِقُ أحَدُهُم نَصيبَه يقولُ: قَد وجَبَ عَلَيه عِتقُه كُلِّه، إذا كان له مِنَ المالِ ما يَبلُغُ، يُقَوَّمُ فى مالِه قيمَةَ العَدلِ، ويُدفَعُ إلَى الشُّرَكاءِ أنصِباؤهُم، ويُخَلَّى سَبيلُ المُعتَقِ. يُخبِرُ ذَلِكَ ابنُ عُمَرَ -﵄- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الأشعَثِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٦٦ - حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا [فى مَمْلوكٍ] (^٥) وعِندَ الَّذِى أعتقَه ما يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَه ضَمِنَ نَصيبَ صاحِبِه\" (^٦). قال\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٤٠) من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) مسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١)، ٣/ ١٢٨٥ (١٥٠١/ عقب ٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن المبارك فى مسنده (٢١٥) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥٢٥).\n(^٥) فى م: \"مملوكا\".\n(^٦) أخرجه الطجاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١٠٦ من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.","vol":"21","page":314},{"text":"البخارىُّ: ورَواه ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ. وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٣٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن سالِمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما عبدٍ كان بَينَ اثنَينِ وأعتَقَ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، فإِن كان موسِرًا فإِنَّه يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه بأغْلَى (^٢) القيمَةِ، أو قيمَةَ عَدلٍ لَيسَت بوَكسٍ ولا شَطَطٍ (^٣)، ثُمَّ يَغرَمُ لِهَذا حِصَّتَه\" (^٤).\nكَذا رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ فى كِتابِ \"اختلاف الأحاديث\" (^٥)، ورَواه فى كِتابِ القُرعَةِ فقالَ: \"بأغلَى القيمَةِ ويَعتِقُ\". ورُبَّما قال: \"قيمتِه (^٦)، لا وَكسَ فيها ولا شَطَطَ\" (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى عقب (٢٥٢٥)، ومسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١)، ٣/ ١٢٨٥ (١٥٠١/ عقب ٤٩).\n(^٢) فى س: \"بأعلى\".\n(^٣) الوَكْس: النقصان، والشطط: العدوان، وهو الزيادة على قدر الحق، يقال: أشط الرجل. إذا تعدى الحق وتجاوزه. معالم السنن ٣/ ٢١٢.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٢٣)، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩١. وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٨٩) -ومن طريقه أبو داود (٣٩٤٧) - والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٤١، ٤٩٤٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٥) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩١، وفيه: \"بأعلى القيمة\".\n(^٦) فى م: \"قيمة\".\n(^٧) الأم ٨/ ٤.","vol":"21","page":315},{"text":"٢١٣٦٨ - رَواه الحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ نَحوَ الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى عن الشّافِعِىِّ، زادَ: \"ثُمَّ يَعتِقُ\". وزادَ: قال سفيانُ: كان عمرٌو يَشُكُّ فيه هَكَذا. أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى علىُّ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ سَختُويَه، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا الحُمَيدِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. فذَكَرَه (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن علىِّ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سُفيانَ دونَ هاتَينِ اللَّفظَتَينِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أبى عُمَرَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرٍو، عن سالِمٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ عبدًا بَينَه وبَينَ آخَرَ قوِّمَ عَلَيه فى مالِه قيمَةَ عَدلٍ، لا وَكسَ ولا شَطَطَ، وعَتَقَ عَلَيه فى مالِه إن كان موسِرًا\". رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى عُمَرَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَر، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ عَتَقَ ما بَقِىَ فى مالِه إذا كان له مالٌ يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَ العَبدِ\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) الحميدى (٦٧٠).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٢١).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٠١/ ٥٠).\n(^٤) أبو داود (٣٩٤٦)، وعبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٢)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٤٩٠١)، والترمذى (١٣٤٧)، والنسائى (٤٧١٢).","vol":"21","page":316},{"text":"عن عبدِ بنِ حُمَيدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ (^١).\n\n٢١٣٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أعتَقَ الرَّجُلُ شِقصًا (^٢) له مِن مَملوكٍ فهو حُرٌّ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ الطَّيالِسِىِّ، وفِى رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ: عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى المَملوكِ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ فيُعتِقُ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه قال: \"يَضمَنُ\" (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ غُندَرٍ عن شُعبَةَ هَكَذا نَحوَ رِوايَةِ يَزيدَ، ومِن حَديثِ مُعاذِ بنِ مُعاذٍ نَحوَ رِوايَةِ الطَّيالِسِىِّ، زادَ: \"فهو حُرٌّ مِن مالِه\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ يَعنِى الدَّرابَجِردِىَّ، حدثنا أزهَرُ بنُ القاسِمِ، حدثنا هِشامٌ الدَّستُوائىُّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا له فى مَملوكٍ عَتَقَ مِن مالِه إن كان له مالٌ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٥٠١/ ٥١).\n(^٢) الشِّقْص: النصيب. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٥٧.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٣٠، ٤٤٣١)، والطيالسى (٢٥٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (١٠٠٥١)، وأبو داود (٣٩٣٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٦٦) من طريق شعبة به بنحوه.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٠٢/ ٢، ١٥٠٣/ ٥٣).\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٠٨٧٣) عن أزهر بن القاسم به. وأبو داود (٣٩٣٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى =","vol":"21","page":317},{"text":"لَم يَذكُرْ فى إسنادِه بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن هِشامٍ النَّضرَ بنَ أنَسٍ، وذَكَرَه بَعضُهُم:\n\n٢١٣٧٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ سَهمًا فى مَملوكٍ فعِتقُه عَلَيه فى مالِه إن كان له مالٌ، لَيسَ للَّهِ شَريكٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا تَمتامٌ، حدثنا أبو سلمةَ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ شِقصًا مِن غُلامٍ، فأجازَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عِتقَه وغَرَّمَه بَقيَّةَ ثَمَنِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا صَفوانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعَيدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وعن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-. قال أبو أحمدَ: وحَدَّثَنا صالِحُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الهاشِمِىُّ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ خالِدٍ، حدثنا الوَليدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ قال: وحَدَّثَ أبو مُعَيدٍ قال: وحَدَّثَ سُلَيمانُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ. وعن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ\n_________\n= (٤٩٦٧، ٤٩٦٨) من طريق هشام الدستوائى به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٣٢).\n(^١) أخرجه ابن راهويه فى مسنده (١٠٥) عن معاذ بن هشام به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٨٥٦٥)، وأبو داود (٣٩٣٤) من طريق همام به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٣٠).","vol":"21","page":318},{"text":"رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ عبدًا ولَه فيه شَئٌ ولَه وفاءٌ فهو حُرٍّ، ويَضمَنُ نَصيبَ شُرَكائه بقيمَةِ عَدلٍ بما أساءَ مُشارَكَتَهَم، ولَيسَ على العَبدِ شَئٌ\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: قَولُه: \"لَيسَ على العَبدِ شَئٌ\" لا يَرويه غَيرُ أبى مُعَيدٍ -وهو حَفصُ بن غَيلانَ- عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ موسَى (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى، عن إسماعيلَ، عن أبى مجلَزٍ، أنَّ عبدًا كان بَينَ رَجُلَينِ فأعتَقَ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، فحَبَسَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- حَتَّى باعَ فيه غُنَيمَةً له (^٣). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن ابنِ أبى لَيلَى عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عن أبى مِجلَزٍ بمَعناه (^٤).\nورُوِىَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن القاسِمِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ (^٥)، وهو ضَعيفٌ.\n\n٢١٣٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أزهَرُ السَّمّانُ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٣/ ١١١٧. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣١٧) من طريق محمود بن خالد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٦١) من طريق الوليد بن مسلم به.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٣/ ١١١٧.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٤٠). وتقدم فى (١١٣٧٢).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٦) عن الثورى به.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١١٣٧٣).","vol":"21","page":319},{"text":"محمدٍ قال: كان عبدٌ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ فأعتَقَ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، فرَكِبَ شَريكُه إلَى عُمَرَ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ أنْ يُقَوَّمَ أغلَى القيمَةِ (^١).\n\n٢١٣٧٨ - وبِإِسنادِه، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ آدَمَ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ والشَّعبِىِّ فى العَبدِ يَكونُ بَينَ الرَّجُلَينِ فيُعتِقُ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه قالا: يَضمَنُ ثَمَنَه لِصاحِبِه بقيمَةِ عَدلٍ يَومَ أعتَقَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4400>بابُ مَن قال: يَكونُ حُرًّا يَومَ تَكَلَّمَ بالعِتقِ</span>\n\n٢١٣٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا موسَى بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَبّادٍ، حدثنا عارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا له فى مَملوكٍ، أو شِركًا مِن عبدٍ، فكانَ له مِنَ المالِ ما يبلُغُ قيمَةَ بَقيَّةِ العَبدِ، فقَد عَتَقَ\". قال نافِعٌ: \"وإلَّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\". قال أيّوبُ: لا أدرِى أشَئٌ قالَه نافِعٌ أو هو فى الحَديثِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٨٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه وقالَ: \"فهوَ عَتيقٌ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٣٣).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٤١) بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٤٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد به. وأحمد (٤٦٣٥)، والترمذى (١٣٤٦)، والنسائى (٤٧١٣) من طريق أيوب السختيانى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٣٦) من طريق أبى الربيع به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٣٩٢).","vol":"21","page":320},{"text":"رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ، وقالَ البخارىُّ فى رِوايَتِه: \"فهوَ عَتيقٌ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو المُثَنَّى، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ المُفَضَّلِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بن عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى مَملوكٍ فقَد عَتَقَ كُلُّه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٨٢ - ورَواه غَيرُه عن بشرٍ: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا فى عبدٍ فقَد عَتَقَ كُلُّه، إن كان لِلَّذِى أعْتَقَ نَصيبَه مِنَ المالِ ما يبلُغُ ثَمَنَه، نُقِيمُه (^٤) عَلَيه قيمَةَ العَدلِ، فَنَدْفعُ (^٥) إلَى شُرَكائه أنصِباءَهُم ونُخَلِّى (^٦) سَبيلَه\". أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الحِنّائىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا بشرٌ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِهِ.\nوبِمَعناه رَواه يَحيَى القَطّانُ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٧).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٥٢٤)، ومسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١).\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٥٠) من طريق بشر بن المفضل به. وأبو داود (٣٩٤٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٣٩٣، ٢١٣٩٤).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٣).\n(^٤) كذا ضبط بالأصل بكسر القاف وسكون الباء. وفى م: \"يقيمه\".\n(^٥) كتب فوقها فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وفى م: \"فيدفع\".\n(^٦) فى م: \"ويخلى\".\n(^٧) أخرجه أحمد (٥١٥٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٤٨، ٤٩٤٩) من طريق يحيى القطان به.","vol":"21","page":321},{"text":"٢١٣٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ إملاءً، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ السَّعدِىُّ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرُ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِقصًا له فى مَملوكٍ، وكانَ لِلَّذِى يُعتِقُ مِنهُما نَصيبَه مَبلَغُ ثَمَنِه، فقَد عَتَقَ كُلُّه\" (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4401>بابُ مَن قال: يَعتِقُ بالقَولِ ويَدفَعُ القيمَةَ</span>\n\n٢١٣٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ واللَّفظُ له، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الأشعَثِ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ نافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا فى مَملوكٍ كُلِّفَ ما بَقِىَ فأعتَقَه\". وكانَ نافِعٌ يقولُ -قال يَحيَى: لا أدرِى، شَيئًا كان مِن قِبَلِه يَقولُه، أم هو شَئٌ فى الحديثِ؟ -: \"فإِن لَم يَكُنْ عِندَه فقَد جازَ ما صَنَعَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢١٣٦٦).\n(^٢) البخارى عقب (٢٥٢٥)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٢٨٥ (١٥٠١/ عقب ٤٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٧٤)، وأبو داود (٣٩٤٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٥٨) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) مسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١).","vol":"21","page":322},{"text":"٢١٣٨٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، [عن نافعٍ] (^١)، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ كان له نَصيبٌ فى عبدٍ فأعَتَقَ نَصيبَه فعَلَيه أنْ يُكمِلَ عِتقَه بقيمَةِ عَدلٍ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٨٦ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا فى مَملوكٍ فقَد وجَبَ عَلَيه أن يُعتِقَ ما بَقِى، إن كان له مِنَ المالِ قَدرُ ثَمَنِه يُقامُ قيمَةَ عَدلٍ، فيُعطَى شُرَكاؤُه حِصَصَهُم، ويُخَلَّى سَبيلُ المُعتَقِ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الشّافِعِىُّ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ سَعدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى نافِعٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ مِن عبدٍ شِركًا فعَلَيه أن يُعتِقَ ما بَقِىَ\" (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) سقط من: م.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٨٠) من طريق سعيد بن منصور به. وأحمد (٤٤٥١) عن هشيم به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٤٥)، وأبو عوانة (٤٧٥٣) من طريق جويرية بن أسماء به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥٠٣).\n(^٥) أبو بكر الشافعى فى الغيلانيات (٨٤٢). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٤٣٣٧) من طريق بشر بن موسى به.","vol":"21","page":323},{"text":"وفِى سائرِ الرِّواياتِ التى قَدَّمنا ذِكرَها ما دَلَّ على هذا القَولِ، وفيها ما دَلَّ على القَولِ الأوَّلِ، وكأنَّهُم لَم يُراعُوا هذا وإِنَّما راعَوا حُصولَ العِتقِ فى الجُملَةِ دونَ وُجوبِ الضَّمانِ إذا كان موسِرًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٣٨٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ قالوا: أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو أُمَيَّةَ، حدثنا أبو الجُماهِرِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن لَيثٍ، عن طاوُسٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا فى مَملوكٍ له فقَد ضَمِنَ عِتقَه، يُقَوَّمُ العَبدُ ثُمَّ يَعتِقُ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٣٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَزيدَ قال: كان بَينِى وبَينَ الأسوَدِ وأُمِّنا غُلامٌ قَد شَهِدَ القادِسيَّةَ وأبلَى فيها، فأرادوا عِتقَه وكُنتُ صَغيرًا، فذَكَرَ الأسوَدُ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ -﵁-، فقالَ عُمَرُ: أعتِقوا أنتُم ويَكونُ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ على نَصيبِه حَتَّى يَرغَبَ فى مِثلِ ما رَغِبتُم منه (^٢) أو يأخُذَ نَصيبَه (^٣).\nيَحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به نَصيبَه مِنَ القيمَةِ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن عُمَرَ -﵁- ما دَلَّ على هَذا (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٠٥: سنده ضعيف.\n(^٢) فى م: \"فيه\".\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٢٩). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٥٣٨٤) من طريق أبى معاوية به.\n(^٤) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢١٣٧٧).","vol":"21","page":324},{"text":"ورُوِىَ فى مِثلِ هذا المَعنَى حَديثٌ مُرسَلٌ.\n\n٢١٣٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ سعيدٍ، أنَّ بَنِى سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ كان لَهُم غُلامٌ فأعتَقَه كُلُّهُم إلَّا رَجُلًا واحِدًا، فذَهَبَ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَستَشفِعُ به على الرَّجُلِ، فوَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ نَصيبَه لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأعتَقَه، فكانَ العَبدُ يقولُ: أنا مَولَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. والرَّجُلُ يُقالُ له: رافِعٌ أبو البَهِىِّ (^١).\nهذا يَدُلُّ إن صَحَّ على أنَّه لَم يَعتِقْ باللَّفظِ، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّهُم كانوا مُعسِرينَ، والحَديثُ مُنقَطِعٌ، ورُوِّينا عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ بنِ (^٢) عمرِو بنِ سعيدِ بنِ العاصِ عن أبيه عن جَدِّه فى هذا قِصَّةً أُخرَى تُخالِفُ هذه فى (^٣) الصُّورَةِ والحُكمِ قَد مَضَى فى الجُزءِ قَبلَه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4402>بابُ مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ وهو مُعسِرٌ</span>\n\n٢١٣٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧٣٣)، والطبرانى (٤٤٧٢) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به. وعند عبد الرزاق: محمد بن عمرو بن سليم. بدلًا من: محمد بن عمرو بن سعيد. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢٤٨: رواه الطبرانى ومحمد بن عمرو هذا لم أعرفه، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) فى م: \"عن\".\n(^٣) ليس فى: م.\n(^٤) تقدم فى (٢١٣٥٨).","vol":"21","page":325},{"text":"أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ عن (ح) وحَدَّثَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أنبأنا أبو سَهلٍ بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قُلتُ لمالِكٍ: حَدَّثَكَ نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ وكانَ له مالٌ يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَ العَبدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ العَدلِ فأُعطِىَ شُرَكاؤُه حِصَصَهُم وعَتَقَ عَلَيه العَبدُ، وإلَّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\"؟ قالَ: نَعَم (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ لِبَعضِ مَن يُناظِرُه: أوَ لِلمَناظَرَةِ مَوضِعٌ مَعَ ثُبوتِ سُنَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بطَرحِ الاستِسعاءِ (^٣) فى حَديثِ نافِعٍ وعِمرانَ؟ قال: إنّا نَقولُ: إنَّ أيّوبَ قال، ورُبَّما قال نافِعٌ: فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ. ورُبَّما لَم يَقُلْه. قال: وأكبَرُ ظَنِّى أنَّه شَئٌ كان يَقولُه نافِعٌ برأيه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فقُلتُ له: لا أحسِبُ عالمًا بالحَديثِ ورواتِه يَشُكُّ فى أنَّ مالكًا أحفَظُ لِحَديثِ نافِعٍ مِن أيّوبَ؛ لأنَّه كان ألزَمَ له مِن أيّوبَ، ولمالِكٍ فضلُ حِفظٍ لحَديثِ أصحابِه خاصَّةً، ولَوِ استَوَيا فى الحِفظِ فشَكَّ أحَدُهُما فى شَئٍ لَم يَشُكَّ فيه صاحِبُه، لَم يَكُنْ فى هذا مَوضِعٌ لأنْ يُغلَّطَ به الَّذِى لَم يَشُكَّ، إنَّما يُغَلَّطُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١١٦٣٠، ٢١٣٦١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٢٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠١/ ١)، ٣/ ١٢٨٥ (١٥٠١/ ٤٧).\n(^٣) الاستسعاء: أن يطالب العبد بالسعى فى فكاك ما بقى من رقبته أو مما ادعى عنه، أى يكلف الطلب والكسب. مشارق الأنوار ٢/ ٢٢٥.","vol":"21","page":326},{"text":"الرَّجُلُ بخِلافِ مَن هو أحفَظُ مِنه، أو يأتى بشَئٍ فى الحديثِ يَشرَكُه فيه مَن لَم يَحفَظْ مِنه ما حَفِظَ مِنه هُم عَدَدٌ وهو مُنفَرِدٌ، وقَد وافَقَ مالكًا فى زيادَةِ: \"وإلّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\". يَعنِى غَيرَه. قال: وزادَ فيه بَعضُهُم: \"ورَقَّ مِنه ما رَقَّ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا حَديثُ أيّوبَ فقَد ذَكَرناه فيما مَضَى (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا مِن عبدٍ أو شِركًا كان له فى عبدٍ، فكانَ له مِنَ المالِ ما يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَه بقيمَةِ العَدلِ، فهوَ عَتيقٌ. قال -فلا أدرِى أهو فى الحديثِ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أو شَئٌ قالَه نافِعٌ- وإِلَّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\" (^٢). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" هَكَذا (^٣).\nوفيه دِلالَةٌ ظاهِرَةٌ على أنَّه كان يَشُكُّ فيهِ، ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ﵀ أثبَتَه (^٤) عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، فالحُكمُ له دونَه.\nوأمّا فضلُ حِفظِ مالكٍ فهوَ عِندَ جَماعَةِ أهلِ الحديث كما قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٣٤)، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٤.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٣٧٩، ٢١٣٨٠).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤٩١، ٢٥٢٤)، ومسلم ٢/ ١١٣٩ (١٥٠١/ عقب ١)، ٣/ ١٢٨٦ (١٥٠١/ عقب ٤٧).\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"عن الحديث\".","vol":"21","page":327},{"text":"أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ قال: كان عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ لا يُقَدِّمُ على مالكٍ أحَدًا (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا الحَسَنِ العَنَزِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عثمانَ بنَ سعيدٍ الدّارِمِىَّ يقولُ: قُلتُ ليَحيَى بنِ مَعينٍ: مالكٌ أحَبُّ إلَيكَ فى نافِعٍ أو عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ؟ قال: مالكٌ. قُلتُ: فأيّوبُ السَّختيانِىُّ؟ قال: مالكٌ (^٢).\nوأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ ابنُ أُختِ أبى عَوانَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى خالِى، حدثنا المَيمونىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ مَعينٍ وأحمَدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ جَميعًا يَقولانِ: كان مالكٌ مِن أثبَتِ النّاسِ فى حَديثِه (^٣).\nقال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: يا أبا الحَسَنِ، لا تُبالِى ألا تَسألَ عن رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَ عنه مالكٌ ولا سيَّما مَدَنِىٍّ (^٤).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ محمدَ بنَ أحمدَ الحِيرِىِّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ الحُسَينَ بنَ محمدٍ القَبَّانِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ عُبَيدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ القَواريرِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ حَمّادَ بنَ زَيدٍ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أيّوبَ السَّختيانىَّ يقولُ: لَقَد\n_________\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٣٤).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٣٥) من طريق أبى الحسن العنزى به.\n(^٣) أحمد فى العلل (٣٧١ - برواية المروزى وغيره). وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٣٥).\n(^٤) ذكره ابن رجب فى شرح علل الترمذى ١/ ١٨٣.","vol":"21","page":328},{"text":"كانَت لمالِكٍ حَلْقَةٌ فى حَياةِ نافِعٍ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ أبى زكَيْرٍ (^٢)، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكٌ قال: قال لى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ: اكتُبْ لِى مِائَةَ حَديثٍ مِن حَديثِ ابنِ شِهابٍ، انتَقِها لِى. وأعطانِى رَقًّا قَديمًا قَدِ اصفَرَّ. قال: فكَتَبتُ له تِلكَ الأحاديثَ حَتَّى مَلأتُه وبَيَّنتُه له. قال مالكٌ: وقَلَّ رَجُلٌ كُنتُ أتَعلَّمُ مِنه ماتَ (^٣) حَتَّى كان يَجيئُنِى فيَستَفتينِى (^٤).\nوأمّا موافَقَةُ مَن وافَقَ مالكًا على هذه الزّيادَةِ ففيما:\n\n٢١٣٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَزيدَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى مَملوكٍ فعَلَيه عِتقُه كُلِّه إن كان له مالٌ يبلُغُ ثَمَنَه، وإن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ أُعْتِقَ مِنه ما أعتَقَ\" (^٥).\n\n٢١٣٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عبد البر فى الانتقاء ١/ ٢٢ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر القواريرى به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"ركين\".\n(^٣) فى م: \"ما مات\".\n(^٤) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٦٨٣. وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٩/ ٣٣٨، والحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٢٥٩ من طريق مالك به.\n(^٥) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٢٤)، والمعرفة (٦٠٣٦). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٧٩)، وأبو عوانة (٤٧٤٥) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به. وتقدم فى (٢١٣٨١، ٢١٣٨٢).","vol":"21","page":329},{"text":"الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ المَنيعِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ. قال أبو بكرٍ: وحَدَّثَنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ وابنُ نُمَيرٍ. قال: وأخبَرَنى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ، حدثنا أبى، قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى مَملوكٍ فعَلَيه عِتقُه كُلِّه إن كان له مالٌ يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَه، فإن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ عتَقَ (^١) مِنه ما عَتَقَ\". هذا حَديثُ ابنِ نُمَيرٍ، وفِى حَديثِ أبى بكرٍ وعُثمانَ: \"فعَلَيه عِتقُه كُلِّه إن كان له مالٌ يَبلُغُ ثَمَنَه، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه قيمَةَ عَدلٍ -يَعنِى على المُعتِقِ- عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عُبَيدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ عن أبى أُسامَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه خالِدُ بنُ الحارِثِ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بمَعنَى ابنِ نُمَيرٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٣٩٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا شَيبانُ بنُ فرّوخَ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا نافِعٌ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: قال رسول اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا فى عبدٍ فكانَ له مِنَ المالِ قَدرُ ما يبلُغُ قيمَتَه قوِّمَ عَلَيه\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أعتق\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٢٧)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٧٣). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٢٧٩)، وأبو عوانة (٤٧٤٤) من طريق ابن نمير به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٣)، ومسلم (١٥٠١/ ٤٨).\n(^٤) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٤٧) من طريق خالد بن الحارث به.","vol":"21","page":330},{"text":"قيمَةَ عَدلٍ، وإلَّا فقَد عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن شَيبانَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٣٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ مَرزوقٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ وإِسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ ويَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄-، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِركًا له فى عبدٍ أُقيمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ عَدلٍ فأُعطِىَ شُرَكاؤُه، وعَتَقَ (^٣) عَلَيه العَبدُ إن كان موسِرًا، وإلَّا عَتَقَ مِنه ما عَتَقَ، ورَقَّ ما بَقِىَ\" (^٤).\nوأمّا حَديثُ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ بإِبطالِ الاستِسعاءِ ففيما:\n\n٢١٣٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ عِندَ مَوتِه لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، [فَدَعا بِهم] (^٥) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَزّأَهُم أثلاثًا، ثُمَّ أقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (٥٨٠٨) عن شيبان بن فروخ به. وأحمد (٥٨٢١)، والبخارى (٢٥٥٣) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠١/ ٤٩).\n(^٣) فى م: \"وقد عتق\".\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٣. وتقدم حديث عبيد اللَّه بن عمر فى (٢١٣٨١)، وحديث إسماعيل فى (٢١٣٦٣)، وحديث يحيى عقب (٢١٣٨٤).\n(^٥) فى م: \"فدعاهم\".","vol":"21","page":331},{"text":"اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً، وقالَ له قَولًا شَديدًا (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4403>بابُ حُكمِ المُعتَقِ نِصفُهُ</span>\n\n٢١٣٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ قُسَيطٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا سألَ ابنَ عُمَرَ عن العَبدِ يَعتِقُ نِصفُه، قال: أحكامُه أحكامُ العَبيدِ حَتَّى يَعتِقَ كُلُّه (^٣).\n\n٢١٣٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه فى رَجُلٍ ماتَ ونِصفُه حُرٌّ قال: هو بَينَهُما نِصفَينِ؛ نِصفٌ لِلَّذِى أعتَقَ ونِصفٌ لِلَّذِى لَم يُعتِقْ.\n\n٢١٤٠٠ - وعن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى عبدٍ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ؛ كاتَبَ واحِدٌ، وأعتَقَ واحِدٌ ثُمَّ ماتَ المُكاتَبُ قبلَ أن يُؤَدِّىَ قال: مالُه نِصفَينِ؛ لِلمُعتِقِ نِصفٌ، ولِلمُكاتِبِ نِصفٌ. جَعَلَه بَينَهُما.\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣٧٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٩٨٢٦) عن إسماعيل ابن علية به. وأبو داود (٣٩٥٨)، والترمذى (١٣٦٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٤٢) من طريق أيوب به. وابن ماجه (٢٣٤٥) من طريق أبى قلابة به. وسيأتى فى (٢١٤١٩، ٢١٤٣٤).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦٦٨/ ٥٦).\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٣٩).","vol":"21","page":332},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4404>بابُ ما جاءَ فيمَن أعتَقَ جاريَةً حُبلَى أو أعتَقَ حَملَها</span>\n\n٢١٤٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، وعن رَجُلٍ، عن الحَسَنِ فى رَجُلٍ قال لأمَةٍ: أنتِ حُرَّةٌ إلَّا ما فى بَطنِكِ. قالا: هِىَ وما فى بَطنِها حُرٌّ، ولَيسَ له استِثناءٌ.\n\n٢١٤٠٢ - وقالَ مَعمَرٌ: حَدَّثَنِى مَن سألَ الحَكَمَ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢١٤٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: حُرٌّ تَزَوَّجَ أمَةً لِى فحَمَلَت مِنه، فأعتَقتُ ولَدَها فى بَطنِها، لمن ولاؤُه؟ قال: لِلَّذِى أعتَقَه، ولَكِن ميراثُه لأبيهِ (^١).\nوهَذا لأنَّ النَّسيبَ يَتَقَدَّمُ المَولَى فى الميراثِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4405>بابُ مَن قال فى المُعسِرِ: يُستَسعَى العَبدُ فى نَصيبِ صاحِبِه غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢١٤٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ الأديبُ قالوا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٦٠) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":333},{"text":"هارونَ، أنبأنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كان له شِركٌ (^١) فى مَملوكٍ فأَعتقه فعَلَيه خَلاصُه فى مالِه إن كان له مالٌ، وإنْ لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ العَبدُ فى ثَمَنِ رَقَبَتِه غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيه\" (^٢). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ ومُسلِمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن أوجُهٍ عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ وعَبدُ اللَّه بنُ محمدٍ الأزدِىُّ قالا: حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن سعيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِقصًا فى مَملوكٍ فعَلَيه خَلاصُه فى مالِه إنْ كان له مالٌ، فإِن لَم يكنْ له مالٌ قوِّمَ العَبدُ قيمَةَ عَدلٍ ثُمَّ يُستَسعَى فى نَصيبِ صاحِبِه الَّذِى لَم يُعتِقْ، غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيه\" (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٤٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكَيرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"شريك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٧٤٦٨) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وأبو داود (٣٩٣٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٦٢) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وتقدم فى (٢١٣٧١).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٢٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٣/ ٣).\n(^٤) إسحاق بن راهويه فى مسنده (١٠١). وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٣١٩) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن محمد الأزدى به. والترمذى (١٣٤٨) من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٥) مسلم (١٥٠٣/ ٥٥).","vol":"21","page":334},{"text":"حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ قال: سَمِعتُ قَتادَةَ يقولُ: حَدَّثَنِى النَّضرُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا هريرةَ يقولُ: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- سُئلَ عن العَبدِ يَكونُ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ يُعتِقُ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، قال: \"قَد عَتَقَ العَبدُ، يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه فى مالِه قيمَةَ عَدلٍ، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ العَبدُ غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيهِ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٤٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ إملاءً، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا أبو النُّعمانِ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ شِقصًا له فى مَملوكٍ فكانَ له مِنَ المالِ ما يَبلُغُ قيمَتَه أُعتِقَ مِن مالِه، فإن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ العَبدُ غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيه\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، وقالا: عن أبى هُرَيرَةَ (^٣).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه الحَجّاجُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ وأبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ العَطّارُ وموسَى بنُ خَلَفٍ العَمِّىُّ عن قَتادَةَ (^٤). ذَكَروا فيه الاستِسعاءَ مُدرَجًا فى الحديثِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٧ من طريق إبراهيم بن الحارث به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٨٩) من طريق جرير بن حازم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٣٥).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٠٤)، ومسلم (١٥٠٣/ عقب ٤).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٣٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٦٥) من طريق أبان بن يزيد العطار به. وأبو داود عقب (٣٩٣٩) من طريق موسى بن خلف به.","vol":"21","page":335},{"text":"واستَشهَدَ البخارىُّ برِوايَتِهِم (^١). وأمّا الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فإِنَّه ضَعَّفَ أمرَ السِّعايَةِ فيه بوجُوهٍ؛ مِنها أنَّ شُعبَةَ بنَ الحَجّاجِ وهشامًا الدَّستُوائىَّ رَوَيا هذا الحديثَ عن قَتادَةَ لَيسَ فيه استِسعاءٌ، وهُما أحفَظُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد قَدَّمنا رَوايَتَهُما (^٣).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قال: قال أبو الحَسَنِ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ الحافظُ: شُعبَةُ وهِشامٌ أحفَظُ مَن رَواه عن قَتادَةَ، ولَم يَذكُرا فيه الاستِسعاءُ (^٤).\nومِنها أنَّ الشّافِعِىَّ سَمِعَ بَعضَ أهلِ [البصَرِ والتدينِ] (^٥) مِنهُم والعِلمِ بالحَديثِ يقولُ: لَو كان حَديثُ سعيدِ بنِ أبى عَروبَةَ فى الاستِسعاءِ مُنفِرَدًا لا يُخالِفُه غَيرُه، ما كان ثابِتًا (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ولَعَلَّه إنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لأنَّ حَديثَ بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ عن أبى هريرةَ يُقالُ: إنَّه عن (^٧) كِتابٍ، وقَد رُوِىَ عن بَشيرٍ أنَّه قرأ ما كَتَبَ على أبى هريرةَ، فلَيسَ فيه ما يُوهِنُ حَديثَه، ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه إنَّما قال ذَلِكَ لأنَّ (^٨) سعيدًا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره البخارى عقب (٢٥٢٧).\n(^٢) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢١٣٧١ - ٢١٣٧٣).\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٢٩)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٥.\n(^٥) فى م: \"النظر والتدبر\".\n(^٦) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٣، ٢٩٤.\n(^٧) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٨) فى أصل المصنف: \"لتوهمه أن\".","vol":"21","page":336},{"text":"يَنفَرِدُ به، والحُفّاظُ يَتَوَقَّفونَ فى إثباتِ ما يَنفَرِدُ به سعيدٌ لاختِلاطِه فى آخِرِ عُمُرِه، وقَد وافَقَه غَيرُه فى رِوايَةِ الاستِسعاءِ. أو قال ذَلِكَ لأنَّ إسَنادَه مُختَلَفٌ فيه، فأكثَرُهُم رَوَوه عن قَتادَةَ عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ عن أبى هريرةَ (^١). ورَواه مَعمَرٌ وسَعيدُ بنُ بَشيرٍ عن قَتادَةَ عن بَشيرٍ لَيسَ فيه ذِكرُ النَّضرِ ابنِ أنَسٍ (^٢)، وكَذَلِكَ هو فى إحدَى الرِّوايَتَينِ عن هِشامٍ (^٣)، وقيلَ عن قَتادَةَ عن موسَى بنِ أنَسٍ عن بَشيرٍ. وقيلَ عن بَشيرٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ. وكُلُّ هذا وهمٌ، والقَولُ قَولُ الأكثَرِ.\nوالَّذِى يُوهِنُ أمرَ السِّعايَةِ فيه رِوايَةُ هَمّامِ بنِ يَحيَى عن قَتادَةَ حَيثُ جَعَلَ الاستِسعاءَ مِن قَولِ قَتادَةَ وفَصَلَه مِن كَلامِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٢١٤٠٨ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى كِتابِ \"معرفة الحديث\" قال: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ الدَّرابَجِردِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ شِقصًا له فى مَملوكٍ فغَرَّمَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ثَمَنَه. قال هَمّامٌ: فكانَ قَتادَةُ يقولُ: إن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢١٣٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٧) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢١٣٧٢).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٣٦)، والمعرفة (٦٠٣١)، والحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٤٠، ٤١. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٩٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يزيد المقرئ به. وتقدم فى (٢١٣٧٤).","vol":"21","page":337},{"text":"٢١٤٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ أبى عيسَى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَزيدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن النَّضرِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ شِقصًا مِن مَملوكٍ فأجازَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عِتقَه وغَرَّمَه بَقيَّةَ ثَمَنِهِ. قال قَتادَةُ: إن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ العَبدُ غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيهِ (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا علىٌّ قال: سَمِعتُ النَّيسابورِىَّ يقولُ: ما أحسَنَ ما رَواه هَمّامٌ! ضَبَطَه وفَصَلَ بَينَ قَولِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وبَينَ قَولِ قَتادَةَ (^١).\nوفيما بَلَغَنِى عن أبى سُلَيمانَ الخَطابِىِّ عن الحَسَنِ بنِ يَحيَى عن ابنِ المُنذِرِ صاحِبِ \"الخلافيات\" قال: هذا الكَلامُ مِن فُتيا قَتادَةَ لَيسَ مِن مَتنِ الحديثِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَديثَ علىّ بنِ الحَسَنِ عن المُقرِئ عن هَمّامٍ، ثُمَّ قال: فقَد أخبَرَ هَمّامٌ أنَّ ذِكرَ السِّعايَةِ مِن قَولِ قَتادَةَ، وألحَقَ سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ الَّذِى مَيَّزَه هَمّامٌ مِن قَولِ قَتادَةَ، فجَعَلَه مُتَّصِلًا بالحَديثِ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٧.\n(^٢) معالم السنن ٤/ ٦٩.","vol":"21","page":338},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ حُرَيثٍ، حدثنا أبو موسَى قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ مَهدِىٍّ يقولُ: أحاديثُ هَمّامٍ عن قَتادَةَ أصَحُّ مِن حَديثِ غَيرِه؛ لأنَّه كَتَبَها إملاءً (^١).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا بكرٍ أحمدَ بنَ كامِلٍ القاضِىَ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ أبا قِلابَةَ الرَّقاشِىَّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ علىَّ بنَ المَدينِىِّ يقولُ: سَمِعتُ يَحيَى بنَ سعيدٍ يقولُ: شُعبَةُ أعلمُ النّاسِ بحَديثِ قَتادَةَ؛ ما سَمِعَ مِنه وما لَم يَسمَعْ، وهِشامٌ أحفَظُ، وسَعيدٌ أكثَرُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: [فقد أَجْمَعَ] (^٣) شُعبَةُ مَعَ فضلِ حِفظِه وعِلمِه بما سَمِعَ مِن قَتادَةَ وما لَم يَسمَعْ، وهِشامٌ مَعَ فضلِ حِفظِه، وهَمّامٌ مَعَ صِحَّةِ كِتابِه وزيادَةِ مَعرِفَتِه بما لَيسَ مِنَ الحديثِ، على خِلافِ ابنِ أبى عَروبَةَ ومَن وافَقَه فى إدراجِ السِّعايَةِ فى الحديثِ، وفِى هذا ما يُشكِّكُ فى ثُبوتِ الاستِسعاءِ فى هذا الحَديثِ.\nوالَّذِى يَدُلُّ على أنَّ فصلَ الاستِسعاءِ (^٤) مِن فُتيا قَتادَةَ ما:\n\n٢١٤١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ قال: أنبأنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عَلقَمَةَ قال: سُئلَ الأوزاعِىُّ عن عبدٍ بَينَ ثَلاثَةِ نَفَرٍ كاتَبَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٣٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ١/ ٨١ من طريق أبى قلابة به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"وقد اجتمع\".\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"فى هذا الحديث\".","vol":"21","page":339},{"text":"أحَدُهُم، ثُمَّ أعتَقَ الآخَرُ، وأمسَكَ الثّالِثُ. قال: ذُكِرَ عن قَتادَةَ أنَّه قال لِهَذا الَّذِى أمسَكَ نَصيبَه: على المُعتِقِ إنْ كان ذا يَسارٍ ثمنُ (^١) حَظِّه، وإِن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ استُسعِىَ المَملوكُ فى الثُّلُثِ مِن قيمَتِه، والوَلاءُ بَينَ المُعتِقِ والمُكاتِبِ؛ لِلمُعتِقِ الثُّلُثانِ ولِلمُكاتِبِ الثُّلُثُ.\nومِنها أنْ قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قيلَ لِمَن حَضَرَ مِن أهلِ الحديثِ: لَوِ اختَلَفَ نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وحدَه وهَذا الإسنادُ، أيُّهُما كان أثبَتَ؟ قال: نافِعٌ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قُلتُ: وعَلَينا أن نَصيرَ إلَى الأثبَتِ مِنَ الحديثَينِ. قال: نَعَم (^٢).\nقالَ الشيخُ: مَعَ نافِعٍ حَديثُ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ بإِبطالِ الاستِسعاءِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: سَمِعتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ يقولُ: أصَحُّ الأسانيدِ كُلِّها: مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٣).\nوأخبرَنا مَنصورُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الصوفىُّ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ حَمدانَ قال: سَمِعتُ أبا العباسِ محمدَ بنَ إسحاقَ الثَّقَفِىَّ قال: سألتُ محمدَ بنَ إسماعيلَ البُخارِىَّ عن أصَحِّ الأسانيدِ، فقالَ: مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عن\".\n(^٢) اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩٣.\n(^٣) الحاكم فى معرفة علوم الحديث ص ٥٣، ومن طريقه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٢٨/ ٥٦، ٦١/ ٤٣٣.","vol":"21","page":340},{"text":"عن ابنِ عُمَرَ (^١).\n\n٢١٤١١ - وأمّا الحَديثُ الَّذِى أخبرَنا أبو جَعفَرٍ كامِلُ بنُ أحمدَ المُستَملِى، أنبأنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الاسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ الحُسَينِ البَيهَقِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى عُذرَةَ مِنهُم أعتَقَ مَملوكًا له عِندَ مَوتِه ولَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فأعتَقَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثُلُثَه، وأمَرَه أن يَسعَى فى الثُّلُثَينِ (^٢).\nفقَد [ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلشّافِعِىِّ] (^٣) ﵀ فقالَ مَن حَضَرَه: هو مُرسَلٌ، ولَو كان مَوصولًا كان عن رَجُلٍ لَم يُسَمَّ لا يُعرَفُ، ولَم يَثْبُتْ حَديثُه. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: فعارَضَنا مِنهُم مُعارِضٌ بحَديثٍ آخَرَ فى الاستِسعاءِ فقَطَعَه عَلَيه بَعضُ أصحابِه وقالَ: لا يَذكُرُ مِثلَ هذا الحديثِ أحَدٌ يَعرِفُ الحديثَ لِضَعفِهِ.\nأخبرَنا بجَميعِ هذا الكَلامِ وما نَقَلتُه فى هذا البابِ مِن كَلامِه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤). ولا أدرِى أىَّ حَديثٍ عُورِضَ بهِ، ولَعَلَّه عورِضَ بما:\n\n٢١٤١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) ذكره أبو نعيم فى الضعفاء ١/ ٥٤ عن محمد بن إسحاق الثقفى.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٧١٩)، وسعيد بن منصور (٤٠٧)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٣٥٣) من طريق هشيم بن بشير به.\n(^٣) فى حاشية الأصل: \"ذكر ذلك الشافعى\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٣٩).","vol":"21","page":341},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن العَلاءِ بنِ بَدرٍ، عن أبى يَحيَى الأعرَجِ قال: سُئلَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- عن عبدٍ أعتَقَه مَولاه عِندَ مَوتِه ولَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه وعَلَيه دَينٌ، فأمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- أن يَسعَى فى الدَّينِ (^١).\nوهَذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وراويه الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، وهو غَيرُ مُحتَجٍّ بهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤١٣ - أو عورِضَ بما أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: كان ثَلاثونَ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يَقولونَ: إذا أعتَقَ الرَّجُلُ العَبدَ بَينَه وبَينَ الرَّجُلِ فهو ضامِنٌ إن كان موسِرًا، وإِن كان مُعسِرًا سَعَى بالعَبدِ صاحِبُه فى نِصفِ قيمَتِه غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيهِ (^٣). وهَذا أيضًا ضَعيفٌ. الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (٢).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَجّاجِ بنِ أرطاةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ فى السِّعايَةِ (^٤)، وهو مُنكَرٌ بمَرَّةٍ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أحمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الثَّقَفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ التِّرمِذِىُّ، حدثنا أبو خَيثَمَةَ زُهَيرُ بنُ حَربٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٥٩).\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٣٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٣٢)، وأحمد (١٦٤١٨) من طريق الحجاج بن أرطاة به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٢٨) من طريق الحجاج بن أرطاة به.","vol":"21","page":342},{"text":"ذَكَرتُ أنا وخَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ الحَجّاجَ بنَ أرطاةَ وخِلافَه عن الثِّقاتِ والحُفّاظِ فتَذاكَرنا مِن هذا النَّحوِ أحاديثَ كَثيرَةً. قال: فذَكَرْنا لِعَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَهدِىٍّ حَديثَ الحَجّاجِ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قَضَى أنَّ العَبدَ إذا كان بَينَ اثنَينِ فأعتَقَ أحَدُهُما نَصيبَه، أنَّ الَّذِى لَم يُعتِقْ إن شاءَ ضَمَّنَ المُعتِقَ القيمَةَ، فإِن لَم يَكُنْ عِندَه استُسعِىَ العَبدُ غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيهِ. فقالَ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ: وهَذا أيضًا مِن أعظَمِ الفِريَةِ، كَيفَ يَكونُ هذا على ما رَواه الحَجّاجُ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ؟ وقَد رَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ، ولَم يَكُنْ فى آلِ عُمَرَ أثبَتُ مِنه ولا أحفَظُ ولا أوثَقُ ولا أشَدُّ تَقدِمَةً فى عِلمِ الحديثِ فى زَمانِه، فكانَ يُقالُ: إنَّه واحِدُ دَهرِه فى الحِفظِ، ثُمَّ تَلاهُ فى رِوايَتِه مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ ولَم يَكُن دونَه فى الحِفظِ، بَل هو عِندَنا فى الحِفظِ والإتقانِ مِثلُه أو أجمَعُ مِنه فى كَثيرٍ مِنَ الأحوالِ، ورَواه أيضًا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ الأنصارِىُّ وهو مِن أثبَتِ أهلِ المَدينَةِ وأصَحِّهم رِوايَةً، رَوَوه جَميعًا عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبًا -أو: شَقِيصًا (^١) - فى عبدٍ كُلِّفَ عِتقَ ما بَقِىَ إن كان له مالٌ، فإن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ فإِنَّه يَعْتِقُ مِنَ العَبدِ ما أَعتَقَ\" (^٢).\nقلتُ (^٣): وأمرُ السِّعايَةِ إن ثَبَتَ فى حَديثِ بَشيرِ بنِ نَهيكٍ عن أبى هريرةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ففيه ما دَلَّ على أنَّ ذَلِكَ على (^٤) الاختيارِ مِن جِهَةِ العَبدِ؛ فإِنَّه\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"شقصا\"، وهما بمعنًى.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٣٨٤). وينظر المعرفة عقب (٦٠٣٩).\n(^٣) كذا فى نسخة المصنف، وفى بقية النسخ: \"قال الفقيه ﵀\".\n(^٤) بعده فى م: \"أن\".","vol":"21","page":343},{"text":"قال: \"غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيه\". وفِى الإجبارِ عَلَيه وهو يأباه مَشَقَّةٌ عَظيمَةٌ عَلَيه، وإِذا كان ذَلِكَ باختيارِه لَم يكنْ بَينَه وبَينَ سائرِ الأخبارِ مُخالَفَةٌ، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ، وقَد تأوَّلَه بَعضُ النّاسِ فقالَ: مَعنَى السِّعايَةِ أن يُستَسعَى العَبدُ لِسَيِّدِه، أى يُستَخدَمُ لمالِكِه؛ ولِذَلِكَ قال: \"غَيرَ مَشقوقٍ عَلَيه\". أى: لا يُحَمَّلُ مِنَ الخِدمَةِ فوقَ ما يَلزَمُه بحِصَّةِ الرِّقِّ.\n\n٢١٤١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى بشرٍ العَنبَرِىِّ، عن ابنِ الثَّلِبِّ، عن أبيه، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ نَصيبًا له مِن مَملوكٍ فلَم يُضَمِّنْه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- (^١). قال أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ: إنَّما هو بالتّاءِ. يَعنِى التَّلِبَّ (^٢)، وكانَ شُعبَةُ ألثَغَ لَم يُبَيِّنِ التّاءَ مِنَ الثّاءِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وهَذا لا يُخالِفُ ما مَضَى مِنَ الأحاديثِ، وإِنَّما هو فى المُعسِرِ إذا أعتَقَ نَصيبَه مِن مَملوكٍ فلا يَضمَنُ الباقِىَ. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4406>بابُ مَن أعتَقَ نَصيبَه مِن مَملوكٍ فى مَرَضِ مَوتِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٤١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا السَّرَّاجُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ البِرتِىُّ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٩٤٨)، ولم نجده عند أحمد فى المطبوع، وهو عنده فى أطراف المسند ١/ ٦٤٨ (١٣٠٨). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٦٩) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وضعف إسناده الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٤٩).\n(^٢) اختلف فى ضبطه فقيل: بكسر التاء وسكون اللام. وقيل: بفتح التاء وكسر اللام، بوزن كَتِف. وقال ابن حجر: بفتح ثم كسر وتشديد الموحدة. وقيل بتخفيفها. ينظر تهذيب الكمال ٤/ ٣١٩ وحاشيته، وإكمال مغلطاى ٣/ ٤٨، وتقريب التهذيب ١/ ١١٢. وينظر القاموس المحيط ١/ ٤٠ (ت ل ب).","vol":"21","page":344},{"text":"مُسلِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ بنِ موسَى، أخبرَنِى نافِعٌ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا كان لِلرَّجُلِ شِركٌ فى غُلامٍ، ثُمَّ أعتَقَ نَصيبَه وهو حَىٍّ، أُقيمَ عَلَيه قيمَةَ عَدلٍ فى مالِه، ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ\" (^١). قال أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ: قال أصحابُنا: قَولُه -ﷺ-: \"وهو حَىٌّ\". يَعنِى حينَ يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيه، يَدُلُّ على أن لا يُقَوَّمَ عَلَيه بعدَ المَوتِ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هَكَذا قال عن محمدِ بنِ مُسلِمٍ.\n\n٢١٤١٦ - فقد أخْبرونا عن زاهِرِ بنِ أحمدَ الفقيهِ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا داودُ بنُ عمرٍو الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ الطّائفِىُّ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما عبدٍ كان فيه شِركٌ وأعتَقَ رَجُلٌ نَصيبَه\". قال: \"يُقامُ عَلَيه القيمَةُ يَومَ يُعتِقُ\" (^٢). ولَيسَ ذَلِكَ عِندَ المَوتِ. قال الشيخُ زاهِرٌ ﵀: ولَيسَت هذه اللَّفظَةُ فى كُلِّ حَديثٍ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4407>بابُ عِتقِ العَبيدِ لا يَخرُجونَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ</span>\n\n٢١٤١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وغَيرُهُما قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أوصَى عِندَ مَوتِه فأعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَماليكَ لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم. أو قال: أعتَقَ عِندَ مَوتِه سِتَّةَ مَماليكَ له ولَيسَ له شَئٌ غَيرُهُم. فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ فيه قَولًا شَديدًا،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٢٨) من طريق أيوب بن موسى به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"العتق\".","vol":"21","page":345},{"text":"ثُمَّ دَعاهُم فجَزّأهُم ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ، فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً (^١).\n\n٢١٤١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو عمرِو ابنُ أبى جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الثَّقَفِىُّ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه إلا أنَّه قال فى رِوايَةِ إسحاقَ: أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ (^٢) عِندَ مَوتِهِ. وقالَ فى رِوايَةِ محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى: أنَّ (^٣) رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أوصَى عِندَ مَوتِه فأعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ له لَيسَ له شَئٌ غَيرُهُم. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ وابنِ أبى عُمَرَ على لَفظِ حَديثِ محمدِ بنِ المُثَنَّى (^٤).\n\n٢١٤١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى (ح) قال: وأخبَرَنِى أبو أحمدَ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حُجْرٍ وزيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ قالوا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ وهو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ عِندَ مَوتِه لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فدَعا بهِم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فجَزّأهُم أثلاثًا ثُمَّ أقَرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً، وقالَ له قَولًا شَديدًا (^٥). رَواه مسلمٌ فى\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٤٠). وتقدم فى (١٢٦٧٥، ١٢٧١٨).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"له\".\n(^٣) ليس فى: م.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٦٦٨/ ٥٧).\n(^٥) أحمد (١٩٨٢٦). وتقدم فى (٢١٣٩٧).","vol":"21","page":346},{"text":"\"الصحيح\" عن علىّ بنِ حُجْرٍ وغَيرِهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٤٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أخبرَنِى أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِ ابنِ عُلَيَّةَ ومَعناه (^٢). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٢١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المِنهالِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ زُرَيعٍ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كان له سِتَّةُ أعبُدٍ لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فأعتَقَهُم عِندَ مَوتِه، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فكَرِه ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ جَزّأهُم -أظُنُّه قالَ: ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ- فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً (^٤). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ المِنهالِ وغَيرِهِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٤٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ السُّلَمِىُّ مِن أصلِه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ هو ابنُ زَيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ عَتيقٍ وأيّوبَ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) مسلم (١٦٦٨/ ٥٦).\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٣٦٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧٤)، وابن حبان (٤٥٤٤) من طريق قتيبة بن سعيد به. وتقدم فى (١٢٧١٨).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٦٦٨/ ٥٧).\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٤٣).\n(^٥) مسلم (١٦٦٨/ عقب ٥٧).","vol":"21","page":347},{"text":"وأنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ (^١)، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، حدثنا أيّوبُ ويَحيَى بنُ عَتيقٍ وهِشامٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ ابنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ له عِندَ مَوتِه، ولَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً (^٢). قال يَحيَى: فقالَ محمدٌ: لَو لَم يَبلُغْنِى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَكانَ رأيى. لَفظُ حَديثِ مُسَدَّدٍ.\n\n٢١٤٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحُلْوانىُّ أحمدُ بنُ يَحيَى (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الدّامَغانىُّ وأبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخُسرَوجِردِىُّ قالا: أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عمرٍو الحَفّارُ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا ابنُ بنتِ أحمدَ بنِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ. وسِماكٌ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ -وفِى رِوايَةِ الحُلوانىِّ والحَفّارِ: وقَتادَةُ وحُمَيدٌ وسِماكُ بنُ حَربٍ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ- أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَملوكينَ له عِندَ مَوتِه ولَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فأقرَعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ ورَدَّ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى نسخة المصنف: \"بن إسحاق\".\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٦١) من طريق مسدد به. وأحمد (١٩٩٣٢) من طريق حماد بن زيد عن يحيى بن عتيق به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٥٢).","vol":"21","page":348},{"text":"أربَعَةً فى الرِّقِّ (^١).\n\n٢١٤٢٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّفّارُ ويَحيَى بنُ محمدٍ الحِنّائىُّ قالا: حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى بنُ حَمّادٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ حَديثِ الحُلوانِىِّ وإسنادِه إلَّا أنَّه قال: عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ، بَدَلَ عَطاءٍ الخُراسانِىِّ (^٢). وهو وهْمٌ.\n\n٢١٤٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا عمرٌو يَعنِى ابنَ حَمّادٍ القَنّادَ، حدثنا أسباطٌ، عن سِماكٍ، عن الحَسَنِ البَصرِىِّ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ، أنَّه ماتَ رَجُلٌ وتَرَكَ سِتَّةَ رِجالٍ فأعتَقَهُم عِندَ مَوتِه، فجاءَ ورَثَتُه فذَكَروا ذَلِكَ لَرسولِ اللَّه -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لَو عَلِمنا ما صَلَّينا عَلَيه\". وقالَ: \"ادعُهُم لِى\". فدَعاهُم فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ ورَدَّ أربَعَةً فى الرِّقِّ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٢٦ - حدثنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ داودَ العَلَوِىُّ إملاءً، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ وأحمَدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن حبان (٥٠٧٥)، والطبرانى (٣٠٢) من طريق عبد الأعلى بن حماد به. وأحمد (٢٠٠٠١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧٧) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به. وعند ابن حبان والنسائى عن حماد عن أيوب. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢١١: رواه أحمد والطبرانى فى الكبير، ورجال الجميع رجال الصحيح.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٤٣) وفيه: عن عطاء. ولم ينسبه.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٥٣٢٥) من طريق جعفر بن محمد الصائغ به. وابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (٧٣٦) من طريق عمرو بن حماد به. وتقدم فى (١٢٦٧٦).","vol":"21","page":349},{"text":"إسرائيلُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُختارِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ عِندَ مَوتِه لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فجَزّأَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أجزاءً، فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً (^١).\n\n٢١٤٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى قَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ، أنَّه سَمِعَ مَكحولًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: أعتَقَتِ امرأةٌ -أو رَجُلٌ- سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ لها، ولَم يَكُنْ لها مالٌ غَيرُهُم، فأُتِىَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى ذَلِكَ، فأقرَعَ بَينَهُم، فأعتَقَ ثُلُثَهُم. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: كان ذَلِكَ فى مَرَضِ المُعتِقِ الَّذِى ماتَ فيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن رَبيعَةَ بنِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا فى زَمانِ أبانِ بنِ عثمانَ أعتَقَ رَقيقًا له جَميعًا، فأمَرَ أبانُ بنُ عثمانَ بذَلِكَ الرَّقيقِ فقُسِّموا أثْلاثًا، فأسهَمَ بَينَهُم على أيِّهِم يَخرُجُ سَهمُ المَيِّتِ فيَعتِقوا، فخَرَجَ سَهمُ المَيِّتِ على أحَدِ الأثلاثِ فعَتَقوا. قال مالكٌ: وذَلِكَ أحسَنُ ما سَمِعتُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٥٠). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٧٩) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٢٤)، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ٢٩١.\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٦/ ٢ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٧٤، وعنه الشافعى ٨/ ٤.","vol":"21","page":350},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4408>بابُ إثباتِ استِعمالِ القُرعَةِ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال اللَّهُ ﵎: ﴿وَمَا كُنْتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ يُلْقُونَ أَقْلَامَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ يَكْفُلُ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا كُنْتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ يَخْتَصِمُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٤٤]. وقالَ: ﴿وَإِنَّ يُونُسَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (١٣٩) إِذْ أَبَقَ إِلَى الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ (١٤٠) فَسَاهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ﴾ [الصافات: ١٣٩ - ١٤١]. فأصلُ القُرعَةِ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ ﷿ فى قِصَّةِ المُقتَرِعينَ على مَريَمَ والمُقارِعينَ يونُسَ ﵇ مُجتَمِعَةً، ولا تَكونُ القُرعَةُ -واللَّهُ أعلمُ- إلَّا بَينَ القَومِ مُستَوينَ فى الحُجَّةِ (^١). وبَسَطَ الكَلامَ فيه، وهو مَنقولٌ فى كِتابِ \"المبسوط\".\n\n٢١٤٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نَصرٍ اللَّبّادُ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ طَلحَةَ، حدثنا أسباطُ بنُ نَصرٍ، عن السُّدِّىِّ، عن أبى مالكٍ وأبِى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، وعن مُرَّةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ، وعن ناسٍ مِن أصحابِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فذَكَرَ التَّفسيرَ. وقالَ فى قِصَّةِ مَريَمَ ﵍: إنَّ الَّذينَ كانوا يَكتُبونَ التَّوراةَ إذا جاءوا إلَيهِم بإِنسانٍ يُجَرِّبونَه (^٢) اقتَرَعوا عَلَيه أيُّهُم يأخُذُه فيُعَلِّمُه، وكانَ زَكَريّا أفضَلَهُم يَومَئذٍ، وكانَ نَبيَّهُم، وكانَت أُختُ مَريَمَ (^٣) تَحتَه، فلَمّا أتَوا بها قال لَهُم زَكَريّا: أنا أحَقُّكُم بها؛ تَحتِى أُختُها. فأبَوا، فخَرَجوا إلَى نَهَرِ الأُردُنِّ فألقَوا أقلامَهُمُ التى يَكتُبونَ بها أيُّهُم يَقومُ\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٣.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: صوابه: \"يحررونه\". وفى س: \"يحررونه\".\n(^٣) فى تفسير ابن جرير: \"خالة مريم\". وهما قولان فى ذلك. ينظر البداية والنهاية ٢/ ٤٢١.","vol":"21","page":351},{"text":"قَلَمُه فيَكفُلُها، فجَرَتِ الأقلامُ وقامَ قَلَمُ زَكَريّا على قُرْنتِه (^١) كأنَّه فى طينٍ، فأخَذَ الجاريَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٣٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ بنُ أبى إياسٍ، حدثنا ورقاءُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ: ﴿وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا﴾ [آل عمران: ٣٧] قال: ساهَمَهُم بقَلَمِه فسَهَمَهُم، يَعنِى فكَفَلَها. وفِى قَولِه: ﴿فَسَاهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ﴾ [الصافات: ١٤١] يقولُ: كان مِنَ المَسهومينَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿فَسَاهَمَ﴾ يقولُ: فقارَعَ ﴿فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ﴾ يقولُ: مِنَ المُقرَعين (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى الأصل، ونسخة المصنف: \"قرينه\". والمثبت موافق لما فى تفسير ابن جرير وتاريخ دمشق، وعند ابن أبى حاتم: \"هيئته\". وينظر مختصر تاريخ دمشق ٢٦/ ٧٢. والقرنة: حد السيف والنصل. القاموس ٤/ ٢٥٣ (ق ر ن). والمقصود هنا حد القلم.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٧٠/ ٨٠ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٣٤٩، وابن أبى حاتم ٢/ ٦٣٩ (٣٤٤٠) من طريق عمرو بن أسباط عن السدى من قوله.\n(^٣) مجاهد فى تفسيره ص ٢٥١، ٥٧٠. وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٧٠/ ٨٠، ٨١ من طريق المصنف به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ٥/ ٣٥٠، ١٩/ ٦٢٦، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره ٢/ ٦٣٩ (٣٤٣٨) من طريق ورقاء به، وعند ابن أبى حاتم فى تفسير: ﴿وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا﴾.\n(^٤) فى م: \"المقروعين\".\nوالأثر أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٩/ ٦٢٥ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.","vol":"21","page":352},{"text":"٢١٤٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عَمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا شَيبانُ، عن قَتادَةَ فى قَولِه: ﴿فَسَاهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ﴾ قال: قارَعَ نَبِىُّ اللَّهِ يونُسُ ﵇ فقُرعَ. قال: احتَبَسَتِ السَّفينَةُ فعَلِمَ القَومُ أنَّما احتَبَسَت مِن حَدَثٍ أحدَثَه بَعضُهُم، فتَساهَموا فقُرِعَ يونُسُ فرَمَى بنَفسِه، ﴿فَالْتَقَمَهُ الْحُوتُ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ﴾ [الصافات: ١٤١] قال: وهو مُسِئٌ فيما صَنَعَ ﴿فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُسَبِّحِينَ﴾ [الصافات: ١٤٣] قال: كان كَثيرَ الصَّلاةِ فى الرَّخاءِ فأنجاه.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقُرعَةُ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى كُلِّ مَوضِعٍ أقرَعَ فيه فى مِثلِ مَعنَى الَّذينَ اقتَرَعوا على كَفالَةِ مَريَمَ سَواءٌ لا تُخالِفُه (^١). وبَسَطَ الكَلامَ فى شَرحِ ذَلِكَ، واستَدَلَّ بما رُوِّينا فى حَديثِ عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى العَبيدِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٣٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزّازُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ داودَ القُومِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصينٍ.\n\n٢١٤٣٤ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٣.\n(^٢) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢١٤١٧).","vol":"21","page":353},{"text":"عن أبى المُهَلَّبِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ حُصَينٍ قال: توُفِّى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فتَرَكَ سِتَّةَ أعبُدٍ لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُهُم فأعتَقَهُم جَميعًا عِندَ مَوتِه، فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فجَزّأهُم ثَلاثَةَ أجزاءٍ، ثُمَّ أقَرَعَ بَينَهُم فأعتَقَ الثُّلُثَ وأرَقَّ الثُّلُثَينِ (^١). وَقالَ محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ: لَو لَم يَبلُغْنِى عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- لَكانَ رأيِى.\n\n٢١٤٣٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى اللَّيثُ، عن جَريرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لا أعلمُه إلَّا عن أبى هريرةَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ. قال: وزادَ خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ عن أبى قِلابَةَ شَيئًا لَم يَفهَمْه أيّوبُ، فلا أدرِى لَم يحفظْه أو كَتَمَه. قال جَريرٌ: حَدَّثَنِى خالِدٌ الحَذّاءُ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ كما قال أيّوبُ، غَيرَ أنَّه قال: قال عِمرانُ بنُ حُصَينٍ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حينَ ذُكِرَ له أمرُه: \"لَو عَلِمتُ بالَّذِى صَنَعَ ما صَلَّيتُ عَلَيه\" (^٢).\nكَذا فى رِوايَةِ جَريرِ بنِ حازِمٍ: فأعتَقَ الثُّلُثَ وأرَقَّ الثُّلُثَينِ. ورِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ الَّذينَ قَدَّمنا ذِكْرَهُم: فأعتَقَ اثنَينِ وأرَقَّ أربَعَةً. وهَذا مُرادُ جَريرٍ بما رَوَى، فهو الَّذِى يَليقُ بالتَّجزِئَةِ وبِالإقراعِ؛ وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢١٤٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ خَلَفٍ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ النُّمَيرِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ قال: سَمِعتُ الزُّهرِىَّ قال: سَمِعتُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ الفقيهُ،\n_________\n(^١) أبو جعفر الرزاز فى مجموع مصنفاته (٧٥٩)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٤. وأخرجه الطبرانى ١٨/ ١٨٤ (٤٣١) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٢) أبو جعفر الرزاز فى مجموع مصنفاته (٦٠٣).","vol":"21","page":354},{"text":"أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مِلحانَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ أنَّه قال: أخبرَنِى عُروَةُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ وسَعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ وعَلقَمَةُ بنُ وقّاصٍ وعُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ عن (^١) حَديثِ عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، زَعَموا أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قالَت: كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إذا أرادَ أن يَخرُجَ أقرَعَ بَينَ أزواجِه فأيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهمُها خَرَجَ بها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مَعَه. قالَت عائشَةُ: فقَرَعَ بَينَنا فى غَزاةٍ (^٢) غَزاها فخَرَجَ سَهمِى فخَرَجتُ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ بُكَيرٍ وعن حَجّاجِ بنِ مِنهالٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن يونُسَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَّرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ المَروَزِىُّ وجَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ، عن سُمَىٍّ مَولَى أبى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"من\".\n(^٢) فى أصل المصنف، س: \"غزوة\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٤/ ٦٤. وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ٥٦ (١٣٤) من طريق حجاج بن منهال به. والبزار فى مسنده (١٥٣)، وابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٧٢٥) من طريق يونس بن يزيد به. وتقدم فى (١٣٥٦٢، ١٤٨٨٤).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٨٧٩، ٤٧٥٠)، ومسلم (٢٧٧٠/ ٥٦).","vol":"21","page":355},{"text":"بكرٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ السَّمّانِ، عن أبى هريرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"لَو يَعلَمُ النّاسُ ما فى النِّداءِ والصَّفِّ الأوَّلِ ثُمَّ لَم يَجِدوا إلّا أن يَستَهِموا عَلَيه لاستَهَموا عَلَيه، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فى التَّهجيرِ لاستَبقوا إلَيه، ولَو يَعلَمونَ ما فى العَتَمَةِ والصُّبحِ لأتَوهُما ولَو حَبوًا\" (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ يَحيَى. قال عبدُ الرزاقِ: فقُلتُ له: أما تَكرَهُ أنْ تَقولَ: العَتَمَةُ؟ قال: هَكَذا قال الَّذِى حَدَّثَنِى به. قال عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ: وكانَ مَعمَرٌ يُحَدِّثُ بها عن مالكٍ. رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمِ بنِ وارَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ محمدُ بنُ القاسِمِ العَتَكِىُّ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا زَكَريّا قال: سَمِعتُ عامِرًا يقولُ: سَمِعتُ النُّعمانَ بنَ بَشيرٍ يقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَثَلُ القائمِ على حُدودِ اللَّهِ والواقِعِ فيها كَمَثَلِ قَومٍ استَهَموا على سَفينَةٍ فَأَصابَ بَعضُهُم أعلاها وأصابَ بَعضُهُم أسفَلَها، فكانَ الذين (^٣) فى أسفَلِها إذا استَقَوا مِنَ الماءِ فمَرّوا على مَن فوقَهُم آذَوهُم، فقالوا: لَو أنّا خَرَقنا فى نَصيبِنا خَرقًا فاستَقَينا مِنه ولَم نُؤذِ مَن فوقَنا؟ فإِن تَرَكوهُم وما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠١)، وعبد الرزاق (٢٠٠٧)، ومن طريقه أحمد (٧٧٣٨). وتقدم فى (٢٠٣٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٦٨٩)، ومسلم (٤٣٧/ ١٢٩).\n(^٣) فى م: \"الذى\".","vol":"21","page":356},{"text":"أرادوا هَلَكوا جَميعًا، وإن أخَذوا على أيديهِم نَجَوا جَميعًا\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: كانَت أُمُّ العَلاءِ الأنصاريَّةُ تَقولُ: لما قَدِمَ المُهاجِرونَ المَدينَةَ اقتَرَعَتِ الأنصارُ على سُكناهُم. قالَت: فطارَ لَنا عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ فى السُّكنَى. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٤٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ بمَروَ، أنبأنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أنبأنا عبدانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن خارِجَةَ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، عن أُمِّ العَلاءِ -قال: وهِىَ امرأةٌ مِن نِسائهِم كانَت بايَعَت رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قالَت: طارَ لَنا عثمانُ بنُ مَظعونٍ فى السُّكنَى حينَ اقتَرَعَتِ الأنصارُ على سُكنَى المُهاجِرينَ، فاشتَكَى فمَرَّضناه حَتَّى توُفِّىَ، ثُمَّ جَعَلناه فى أثوابِه. قالَت: فدَخَلَ عَلَينا رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقُلتُ: رَحمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكَ أبا السّائبِ، فشَهادَتِى أنْ قَد أكرَمَكَ اللَّهُ. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وما يُدريكِ؟ \". قالَت: واللَّهِ ما أدرِى\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٣٧٢) عن أبى نعيم به. وتقدم فى (٢٠٢١٣).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٤٩٣).\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (٢٠٤٢٢)، وعنه أحمد (٢٧٤٥٨)، وعبد بن حميد (١٥٩١ - منتخب). وتقدم فى (٧٢٧٠).","vol":"21","page":357},{"text":"يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. قال: \"أمّا هو فقَد جاءَه اليَقينُ، وإنِّى أرجو له الخَيرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ، واللَّهِ ما أدرِى وأنا رسولُ اللَّهِ ما يُفعَلُ به (^١) ولا بكُم\". قالَت أُمُّ العَلاءِ: فواللَّهِ لا أُزَكِّى أحَدًا أبَدًا. قالَت: وأُريتُ لِعُثمانَ فى النَّومِ عَينًا تَجرِى فجِئتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فذَكَرتُ له فقالَ: \"ذاكَ عَمَلُه يَجرِى له\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدانَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4409>بابُ مَن يَعتِقُ بالمِلكِ</span>\n\n٢١٤٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا حَمزَةُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ العباسِ، حدثنا الحارِثُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا أبو النَّضرِ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى مُلَيكَةَ، عن المِسوَرِ بنِ مَخرَمَةَ قال: سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ وهو على المِنبَرِ: \"إنَّ بَنِى هِشامِ بنِ المُغيرَةِ استأذَنونِى فى أن يُنكِحوا ابنَتَهُم علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ، فلا آذَنُ ثُمَّ لا آذَنُ، فإِنَّما ابنَتِى بَضعَةٌ مِنِّى يُريبُنِى ما أَرابَها (^٤) ويُؤذينى ما آذاها\" (^٥). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ عن اللَّيثِ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"بى\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٤. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٣٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٧٠١٨).\n(^٤) فى م: \"رابها\".\n(^٥) أخرجه أحمد (١٨٩٢٦) عن أبى النضر هاشم بن القاسم به. وأبو داود (٢٠٧١)، والترمذى (٣٨٦٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٨٥١٨)، وابن ماجه (١٩٩٨)، وابن حبان (٦٩٥٥) من طريق الليث به.\n(^٦) البخارى (٥٢٣٠)، ومسلم (٢٤٤٩/ ٩٣).","vol":"21","page":358},{"text":"فأخبَرَ أن ولَدَه بَعضٌ مِنه، والعَبدُ إذا مَلَكَ نَفسَه بأداءِ مالِ الكِتابَةِ أو بابتياعِ نَفسِه عَتَقَ، فكَذَلِكَ الحُرُّ إذا مَلَكَ ولَدَه فقَد مَلَكَ بَعضَه أو إذا مَلَكَ والِدَه فقَد مَلَكَ مَن هو بَعضٌ مِنه، فوَجَبَ أن يَعتِقَ.\n\n٢١٤٤٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا حاجِبُ بنُ أحمدَ الطّوسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحيمِ بنُ مُنيبٍ، حدثنا جَريرُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ، أنبأنا سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القطانُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ قال: ذَكَرَ سفيانُ، عن سُهَيلِ بنِ أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا يَجزِى ولَدٌ والِدَه إلَّا أن يَجِدَه مَملوكًا فيَشتَريَه فيُعتِقَه\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن جَريرٍ، وأخرَجَه مِن أوجُهٍ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٢).\nوقَولُه: \"فيَشتَريَه فيُعتِقَه\". يحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به: فيُعتِقَه بالشِّراءِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٤٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ البُرسانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمٍ الأحوَلِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٥١)، والشعب (٧٨٤٦). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٨٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٣٦٥٩) من طريق جرير بن عبد الحميد به. وأحمد (٧١٤٣، ٨٨٩٣، ٩٧٤٥)، والبخارى فى الأدب المفرد (١٠)، وأبو داود (٥١٣٧) من طريق سفيان به. والترمذى (١٩٠٦)، وابن حبان (٤٢٤) من طريق سهيل بن أبى صالح به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥١٠/ ٢٥،. . .).","vol":"21","page":359},{"text":"وقَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُندُبٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن مَلَكَ ذا مَحرَمٍ مِن ذِى رَحِمٍ فهو حُرٌّ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٤٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسلِمُ بنُ إبراهيمَ وموسَى بنُ إسماعيلَ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن سَمُرَةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال موسَى فى مَوضِعٍ آخَرَ: عن سَمُرَةَ فيما يَحسِبُ حَمّادٌ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن مَلَكَ ذا رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ فهو حُرٌّ\". قال أبو داودَ: لَم يُحَدِّثْ هذا الحديثَ إلَّا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ وقَد شَكَّ فيه (^٢).\n[قال أحمدُ] (^٣): وقالَ أبو عيسَى التِّرمِذِىُّ فيما بَلَغَنى عنه: سألتُ البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فلَم يَعرِفْه عن الحَسَنِ عن سَمُرَةَ إلَّا مِن حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وحَمّادٌ يَشُكُّ فى ذِكرِ سَمُرَةَ فى إسنادِه كما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ، وغَيرُ حَمّادٍ يَرويه عن قَتادَةَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، وعن قَتادَةَ عن الحَسَنِ مِن قَولِهِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٠٢)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٤) من طريق محمد بن بكر البرسانى به. وأحمد (٢٠١٦٧، ٢٠٢٢٧)، والترمذى (١٣٦٥) من طريق حماد بن سلمة عن قتادة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٥٢)، وأبو داود (٣٩٤٩). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٤٢).\n(^٣) ليس فى: أصل المصنف.\n(^٤) علل الترمذى الكبير عقب (٣٧٥).","vol":"21","page":360},{"text":"٢١٤٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ الأنبارِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: مَن مَلَكَ ذا رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ فهو حُرٌّ (^١).\n\n٢١٤٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ (^٢)، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن جابِرِ بنِ زَيدٍ والحَسَنِ مِثلَه (^٣). قال أبو داودَ: وسَعيدٌ أحفَظُ مِن حَمّادٍ.\n[قال أحمدُ] (^٤): ورُوِىَ بإِسنادٍ آخَرَ وهِمَ فيه راويهِ.\n\n٢١٤٤٧ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخمِىُّ، حدثنا عبدانُ بنُ أحمدَ والحَسَنُ بنُ علىٍّ المَعمَرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو عُمَيرِ ابن النَّحَّاسِ، حدثنا ضَمرَةُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ، عن الثَّورِىِّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن مَلَكَ ذا رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ فهو عَتيقٌ\" (^٥). قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَروِ هذا الحديثَ عن سُفيانَ إلَّا ضَمرَةُ.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٩٥٠). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٠٣، ٤٩٠٦) من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به. وقال الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٥٠): ضعيف موقوف.\n(^٢) بعده فى أصل المصنف: \"حدثنا محمد بن سليمان، حدثنا عبد الوهاب، عن سعيد، عن قتادة، عن الحسن قال: من ملك ذا رحم فهو حر. وأخبرنا أبو على، حدثنا محمد بن بكر\".\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٩٥٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٣٣). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٠٤) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٤٤): صحيح مقطوع.\n(^٤) فى أصل المصنف: \"قلت\".\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥٢٥) من طريق حمزة بن ربيعة به، وفى الزوائد: فى إسناده من تكلم فيه. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٨٩٧) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"21","page":361},{"text":"[قال الشيخُ ﵀] (^١): المَحفوظُ بهَذا الإسنادِ حَديثُ: نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِه. وقَد رَواه أبو عُمَيرٍ عن ضَمرَةَ عن الثَّورِىِّ مَعَ الحديثِ الأوَّلِ.\n\n٢١٤٤٨ - أخبرَنا بالحَديثَينِ جَميعًا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عَمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يونُسَ أبو إسحاقَ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيرٍ عيسَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ النَّحّاسِ. فذَكَرَهُما جَميعًا (^٢)، فاللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٤٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ نوحٍ الجُندَيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ الجُندَيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أشعَثُ بنُ عَطّافٍ، حدثنا العَرزَمِىُّ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: صالِحٌ. بأخيه فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّى أُريدُ أن أُعتِقَ أخِى هَذا. فقالَ: \"إنَّ اللَّهَ أعتَقَه حينَ مَلَكتَه\" (^٣). قال علىٌّ الدّارَقُطنِىُّ ﵀: العَرزَمِىُّ تَرَكَه ابنُ المُبارَكِ ويَحيَى القَطّانُ وابنُ مَهدِىٍّ. قال: وأبو النَّضرِ هو محمدُ بنُ السّائبِ الكَلبِىُّ مَتروكٌ، وأيضًا هو القائلُ: كُلُّ ما حَدَّثتُ عن أبى صالِحٍ كَذِبٌ (^٤).\n[قال الشيخُ] (١): ورُوِىَ عن حَفصِ بنِ أبى داودَ عن محمدِ بنِ أبى لَيلَى عن عَطاءٍ عن ابنِ عباسٍ بنَحوِهِ (^٥). وهَذا إسنادٌ ضَعيفٌ.\n_________\n(^١) فى أصل المصنف: \"قلت\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٥٣٩٨، ٥٣٩٩) من طريق أبى عمير به.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٩. وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٣٨٥٠) من طريق محمد بن نوح به.\n(^٤) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٩.\n(^٥) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٥٠).","vol":"21","page":362},{"text":"وحَفصٌ هو ابنُ سُلَيمانَ القارِئُ ضَعَّفَه شُعبَةُ (^١) وأحمَدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ (^٢) ويَحيَى بنُ مَعينٍ (١) وغَيرُهُم (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجِّىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، أنبأنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: مَن مَلَكَ ذا رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ فهو حُرٌّ (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٥١ - [وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ مَحمودٍ الفقيهُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو موسَى محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ، عن أبى عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: مَن مَلَكَ ذا رَحِمٍ مَحرَمٍ فهو حُرٌّ. أو: ذا مَحرَمٍ. شَكَّ الضَّحّاكُ.\nقال أبو موسَى: وسَمِعتُ أبا الوَليدِ يقولُ: قَرأْتُ فى كِتابِ أبى عَوانَةَ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: لا يُستَرَقُّ ذو رَحِمٍ] (^٥) (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٧٣.\n(^٢) الجرح والتعديل ٣/ ١٧٣، وتاريخ بغداد ٨/ ١٨٧.\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٣٣٥٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد فى العلل (٩٣٧)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩١٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٥٤٠٣) من طريق أبى عاصم به.\n(^٥) ضرب عليه فى أصل المصنف.\n(^٦) ينظر السنن الكبرى للنسائى (٤٩١١)، والمعرفة للمصنف عقب (٦٠٤٩).","vol":"21","page":363},{"text":"٢١٤٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الجَرّاحِىُّ بمَروَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن جَدِّى، عن شُعبَةَ، عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ وغَيلانَ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن المُستَورِدِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أتَى ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: إنَّ عَمِّى زَوَّجَنِى جاريَةً له، وإِنَّه يُريدُ أن يَستَرِقَّ ولَدِى. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: لَيسَ ذاكَ لَه (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن رَوحٍ عن شُعبَةَ عن سُفيانَ عن سَلَمَةَ (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ مَهدِىٍّ عن سُفيانَ. فهو عن عُمَرَ وابنِ مَسعودٍ -﵄- حَسَنٌ، وقَد ذَهَبَ إلَيه بَعضُ أصحابِنا.\n\n٢١٤٥٣ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ الَّذينَ يُنتَهَى إلَى قَولِهِم مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ، كانوا يَقولونَ: إذا مَلَكَ الوَلَدُ الوالِدَ عَتَقَ الوالِدُ، وإِن مَلَكَ الوالِدُ الوَلَدَ عَتَقَ الوَلَدُ، وأمّا ما سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ القَرابَةِ فيَختَلِفونَ فيهِ (^٣). قال القاضِى: وقالَ عيسَى بنُ ميناءَ، عن ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ: فاختَلَفَ فيه النّاسُ؛ قال ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ: عن ابنِ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه عَنهُم: وكانوا يَقولونَ: إذا ابتاعَ الرَّجُلُ شِقصًا مِن أبيه أو أُمِّه عَتَقَ ذَلِكَ الشِّقصُ وقوِّمَ عَلَيه ما بَقِىَ فيَعتِقُ كُلُّه عَلَيه، وإِن كان\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٣٢) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٠ من طريق روح بن عبادة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سحنون فى المدونة ٧/ ٢٠٠ من طريق ابن أبى الزناد به.","vol":"21","page":364},{"text":"ورِثَ مِنه شِقصًا ولَم يَشتَرِه عَتَقَ الشِّقصُ ولَم يُقَوَّمْ عَلَيه الباقِى (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4410>بابُ مَن قال لِعَبدِه: أنتَ حرٌّ على أنَّ عَلَيكَ مِائَةَ دينارٍ، أو خِدمَةَ سنةٍ، أو عَمَلَ كَذا. فقَبِلَ العَبدُ العتقَ (^٢) على ذَلِكَ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَزِمَه ذَلِكَ وكانَ دَينًا عَلَيهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ بكرُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّيرَفِىُّ بمَروَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عيسَى، حدثنا أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ جُمهانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سَفينَةُ قال: قالَت لِى أُمُّ سلمةَ: أُعتِقُكَ وأشتَرِطُ عَلَيكَ أنْ تَخدُمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما عِشتَ. قال: قُلتُ: لَو أنَّكِ لَم تَشتَرِطى علىَّ ما فارَقتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما عِشتُ. قال: فأعتَقَتنِى واشتَرَطَتْ علىَّ أنْ أخدُمَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ما عِشتُ (^٤). رَواه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن مُسَدَّدٍ عن عبدِ الوارِثِ (^٥).\nورَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ عن سعيدٍ كما:\n\n٢١٤٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو مَنصورٍ الظَّفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ العَلَوِىُّ ﵀، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىّ بنِ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بن حازِمٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى أصل المصنف: \"ما بقى\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"أيعتق\".\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ١١٦.\n(^٤) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٣ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٩٥)، والطبرانى (٦٤٤٧) من طريق عبد الوارث بن سعيد به.\n(^٥) أبو داود (٣٩٣٢). وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٢٨).","vol":"21","page":365},{"text":"حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ جُمهانَ، أخبرَنِى سَفينَةُ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ قال: أعتَقَتنِى أُمُّ سلمةَ -﵂- واشتَرَطَتْ علىَّ أنْ أخدُمَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- ما عاشَ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِ أبى داودَ.\n\n٢١٤٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَعقوبُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وحَفصُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ، عن موسَى بنِ عُقبَةَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ أعتَقَ غُلامًا له ثُمَّ اشتَرَطَ عَلَيه أنَّ له عَمَلَه سِنينَ، فرَعَى له بَعضَ سِنيهِ. وفِى رِوايَةِ القاضِى: بَعضَ سنةٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَيه إمّا فى حَجٍّ وإِمّا فى عُمْرَةٍ، فقالَ له عبدُ اللَّهِ: قَد تَرَكتُ الَّذِى اشتَرَطْتُ عَلَيكَ وأنتَ حُرٌّ، ولَيسَ عَلَيكَ عَمَلٌ. كَذا وجَدتُه: ثُمَّ اشتَرَطَ عَلَيه. وإِنَّما هو: واشتَرَطَ عَلَيهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٥٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ مَسعَدَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عَونٍ قال: قال نافِعٌ: بَعَثَنِى ابنُ عُمَرَ فى حاجَةٍ. قال: فجِئتُ مِنها. قال: فقالَ لِى: أنتَ حُرٌّ أنْ تُقيمَ عِندَنا ونَحنُ مَن تَعرِفُ. قال: قُلتُ: أينَ أذهَبُ؟ أو: إلَى مَن أذهَبُ؟\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (١٧٠٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٢١٩٢٧، ٢٦٧١١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٩٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٦) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦١٥، ١٦٧٨٢) من طريق موسى بن عقبة به.","vol":"21","page":366},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4411>كتابُ الولاءِ</span>\nبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4412>بابُ مَن أعتَقَ مَملوكًا له</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ثَبَتَ ولاؤُه عَلَيه؛ فلَم يَكُنْ له أن يَرُدَّ ولاءَه فيَرُدَّه رَقيقًا ولا يَهَبَه ولا يَبيعَه (^١).\n\n٢١٤٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ محمدُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ محمدٍ الفقيهُ الشّيرازِىُّ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الأخرَمُ، حدثنا السَّرِىُّ بنُ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وهِبَتِهِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ، وأخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ الرَّبيعِ المَكَىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ هو ابنُ عُيَينَةَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى وغَيرُه قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ وابنُ عُيَينَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ١٢٦.\n(^٢) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢٣٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٤١٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٤٩) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٥٦)، ومسلم (١٥٠٦) عقب (١٦).","vol":"21","page":367},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِه (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ ابنَ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِهِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى الوَليدِ، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن شُعبَةَ (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرَ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ والضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانُ وغَيرُهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ (^٥).\n\n٢١٤٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٥٨)، وفى المعرفة (٦٠٥٢)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٥، ٦/ ١٨٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٨٢، ومن طريقه النسائى (٤٦٧٢). وأخرجه أحمد (٤٥٦٠)، والترمذى (٢١٢٦) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٦) عقب (١٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٥٤٩٦، ٥٨٥٠)، وأبو داود (٢٩١٩)، والنسائى (٤٦٧٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٤٧)، وابن حبان (٤٩٤٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٥٣٥)، ومسلم (١٥٠٦) عقب (١٦).\n(^٥) أخرجه مسلم (١٥٠٦) عقب (١٦) من طريقهم جميعًا به. والنسائى (٤٦٧١) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.","vol":"21","page":368},{"text":"أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يُوهَبُ\" (^١). كَذا رَواه محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ عن يَعقوبَ أبى يوسُفَ القاضِى عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ السَّرَخْسِىُّ قال: قال أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ عَقِيبَ هذا الحديثِ: هذا خَطأٌ؛ لأنَّ الثقاتِ لَم يَرْوُوه هَكَذا، وإِنَّما رَواه الحَسَنُ مُرسَلًا:\n\n٢١٤٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يُوهَبُ\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّها ضَعيفَةٌ.\n\n٢١٤٦٣ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ أحمدَ اللَّخْمِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ عبدِ الباقِى الأَذَنِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عُمَيرِ ابنُ النَّحّاسِ، حدثنا ضَمْرَةُ، عن سُفيانَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٥٣)، والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤١ وصححه ووافقه الذهبى، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٥، ٦/ ١٨٥، وفيه فى الموضع الأول: \"محمد بن الحسين\" خطأ. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٥٠) من طريق يعقوب عن عبيد اللَّه بن عمر عن عبد اللَّه بن دينار به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٥٩)، وفى بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى ص ٢٠٨. وتقدم فى (١٢٥١٣).","vol":"21","page":369},{"text":"قال: \"الوَلاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يُوهَبُ\". قال سُلَيمانُ: لَم يَرْوِ هذا الحديثَ عن سُفيانَ إلا ضَمْرَةُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: قَد رَواه إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ الفِريابِىُّ عن ضَمرَةَ كما رَواه الجَماعَةُ: نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِه (^١). فكأنَّ الخَطأَ وقَعَ مِن غَيرِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٤٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ حُمَيدِ بنِ كاسِبٍ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يُوهَبُ\" (^٢). هذا وهمٌ مِن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ أو مَن دونَه، فى الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا، فإِنَّ الحُفّاظَ إنَّما رَوَوْه عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِهِ.\n\n٢١٤٦٥ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ إملاءً، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا شُجاعُ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ. فذَكَرَه. أخرَجَه مسلم مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ فى البَيعِ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى الشَّوارِبِ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ على الوَهمِ فى إسنادِه دونَ مَتنِه (^٤). قال أبو عيسَى فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: سألتُ عنه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٤ من طريق الفريابى به.\n(^٢) ذكره الترمذى عقب (١٢٣٦، ٢١٢٦) عن يحيى بن سليم به.\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٠٦) عقب (١٦).\n(^٤) أخرجه الترمذى فى العلل ص ١٨١ (٣١٨) عن ابن أبى الشوارب به.","vol":"21","page":370},{"text":"البُخارِىَّ فقالَ: يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ أخطأ فى حَديثِه، إنَّما هو عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ دينارٍ تَفَرَّدَ بهَذا الحديثِ. يَعنِى باللَّفظِ المَشهورِ.\n\n٢١٤٦٦ - ورَواه أبو حَسّانَ الزِّيادِىُّ (^١) عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه قال: \"الوَلاءُ لُحمَةٌ كالنَّسَبِ\". أخبَرَناه الإمامُ أبو عثمانَ، حدثنا أبو طاهِرٍ محمدُ بنُ الفَضلِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بنِ خُزَيمَةَ، حدثنا جَدِّى، حدثنا الزِّيادِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سُلَيمٍ. فذَكَرَه (^٢). وهَذا اختِلافٌ ثالِثٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمٍ، وكانَ سَيِّئَ الحِفظِ كَثيرَ الخَطأَ (^٣)، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورُوِىَ فى ذَلِكَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ نافِعٍ بإِسنادَينِ وهِمَ فيهِما واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فيهِما.\nورُوِىَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى أُنَيسَةَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- مَرفوعًا (^٤). ولَيسَ لِلزُّهرِىِّ فيه أصلٌ، ويَحيَى بنُ أبى أُنَيسَةَ ضَعيفٌ\n_________\n(^١) فى حاشية الأصل: \"حاشية بخط الحافظ أبى القاسم ابن عساكر: قلت: هذا وهم منه ﵀، إنما هو محمد بن زياد بن عبيد اللَّه الزيادى البصرى، فهو شيخ ابن خزيمة يروى عنه كثيرًا، وليس بأبى حسان الحسن بن عثمان الزيادى، واللَّه أعلم\". وينظر ترجمة شيخ ابن خزيمة فى تهذيب الكمال ٢٥/ ٢١٥.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (١٣١٨) من طريق محمد بن زياد الزيادى. والحاكم ٤/ ٣٤١ من طريق إسماعيل بن أمية.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٩٠٢١).\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن عدى فى الكامل ٧/ ٢٦٤٧ من طريق يحيى بن أبى أنيسة به، وقال فى آخره: وهذا ليس بمحفوظ عن الزهرى.","vol":"21","page":371},{"text":"بمَرَّةٍ (^١)، وإِنَّما يُروَى هذا اللَّفظُ مُرسَلًا كما قَدَّمنا ذِكرَه، ويُروَى عَمَّن دونَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\n\n٢١٤٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا أبو العَلاءِ أيّوبُ بنُ أبى مِسكينٍ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: إنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: إنَّ الوَلاءَ كالنَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يوهَبُ (^٢).\nورَواه حَمّادٌ عن داودَ وقَتادَةَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال. فذَكَرَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أن عَليًّا -﵁- قال: الوَلاءُ بمَنزِلَةِ الحِلْفِ، أَقِرَّه حَيثُ جَعَلَه اللَّهُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٦٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ النَّرْسِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"الوَلاءُ بمَنزِلَةِ النَّسَبِ، لا يُباعُ ولا يوهَبُ، أَقِرَّه حَيثُ جَعَلَه اللَّهُ\".\n_________\n(^١) تقدم الكلام عليه فى (١٢٦٨٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٧٢٣، ٣٢١٤٢) من طريق أبى العلاء أيوب به. وعنده فى الموضع الأول \"عمرو\" بدل: \"عمر\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٥٤)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٥. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٧٢٢، ٣٢١٣٩) عن ابن عيينة به. وعند ابن أبى شيبة زيادة.","vol":"21","page":372},{"text":"٢١٤٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشَريكٌ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ رَباحٍ (^١)، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: الوَلاءُ شُعبَةٌ مِنَ النَّسَبِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٧١ - قال: وأنبأنا يَزيدُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ الحُسَينِ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: سُئلَ علىٌّ -﵁- عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ فقالَ: أيَبيعُ الرَّجُلُ نَسَبَهُ؟!\n\n٢١٤٧٢ - قال: وأنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يُباعُ الوَلاءُ ولا يوهَبُ، الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ، أن ابنَ مَسعودٍ -﵁- قال: لا يُباعُ الوَلاءُ.\n\n٢١٤٧٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شاكِرٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا حَسَنُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: نَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِهِ. فى كِتابِى \"نَها\" بالألِفِ وعَلَيه: \"صَحَّ\"، فظاهِرُه أن عَليًّا -﵁-\n_________\n(^١) كذا جاء هنا، وصوابه: \"رياح\". بتحتانية لا موحدة، ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٦/ ٤١٩، والمؤتلف والمختلف ٣/ ١٧٣، وتبصير المنتبه ٢/ ٥٨٩. وسيأتى فى (٢١٥١٦، ٢١٥٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٩١) من طريق سفيان ومسعر عن عمران به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦١٤١) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن معقل به. وعند عبد الرزاق: \"شعبة من النسب\". وسيأتى فى (٢١٥١٦، ٢١٥٢٩).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦١٤٥)، والدارمى (٣٢٠٢) من طريق عبد الملك بن أبى سليمان به.","vol":"21","page":373},{"text":"نَهَى عن ذلك (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4413>بابُ من والَى رجُلًا أو أسلَمَ على يَدَيه</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَم يَكُنْ مَولى له بالإسلامِ ولا الموالاةِ (^٢). واحتَجَّ فى ذَلِكَ بقَولِ اللَّهِ تَعالَى لِنَبيِّه -ﷺ- فى زَيدِ بنِ حارِثَةَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]. وقالَ: ﴿وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِى أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]. فنَسَبَ المَوالِىَ إلَى نَسَبَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما إلَى الآباءِ، والآخَرُ إلَى الوَلاءِ، وجَعَلَ الوَلاءَ بالنِّعمَةِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ جاريَةً تُعتِقُها، فقالَ أهلُها: نَبيعُكِها على أنَّ ولاءَها لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ، إنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٧٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ السَّلامِ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بيع الولاء وعن هبته\".\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٢٦.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٧٧.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٣٤٩٧، ٦٠٥١)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٥، ٦/ ١٨٥، ٨/ ٧٤. وتقدم فى (١٠٩٤٧، ١٢٥١٢). وسيأتى فى (٢١٤٩٢).","vol":"21","page":374},{"text":"يَحيَى قال: قَرأْتُ على مالكٍ. فذَكَرَه بنَحوِهِ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن ابنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: جاءَتنِى بَريرَةُ فقالَت: إنِّى كاتَبتُ أهلِى على تِسعِ أواقٍ فى كُلِّ عامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ، فأعينينِى. فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: إن أحَبَّ أهلُكِ أنْ أعُدَّها لَهُم ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لِى فعَلتُ. فذَهَبَتْ بَريرَةُ إلَى أهلِها، يَعنِى فقالَت لَهُم ذَلِكَ، فأبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَيها، فجاءَت مِن عِندِ أهلِها ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ، فقالَت: إنِّى قَد عَرَضتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِم فأبَوْا إلا أن يَكونَ الوَلاءُ لَهُم. فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسألَها، فأخبَرَته عائشَةُ -﵂-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"خُذيها واشتَرِطِى لَهمُ الوَلاءَ؛ فإنَّما (^٣) الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ففَعَلَت عائشَةُ -﵂-، ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى النّاسِ، فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ قال: \"أمّا بَعدُ، فما بالُ رِجالٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ؛ ما كان مِن شَرطٍ لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فهو باطِلٌ، وإِن كان مائَةَ شَرطٍ؛ قَضاءُ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ، وشَرطُه أوثَقُ، وإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ\n_________\n(^١) مالك ٢/ ٧٨١.\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٥٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٥).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فإن\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١٧)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٦، ٦/ ١٨٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٨٠، ٧٨١. وينظر (١٠٩٣٠، ١٠٩٤٨).","vol":"21","page":375},{"text":"وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٤٧٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ النَّضرِ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ عمرٍو، حدثنا زائدَةُ، عن سِماكٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها اشتَرَت بَريرَةَ مِن أُناسٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ، واشتَرَطوا الوَلاءَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لمن ولِىَ النِّعمَةَ\" (^٢). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ زائدَةَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ هو ابنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ، فاشتَرَطوا الوَلاءَ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَريها؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعطَى الثَّمَنَ ووَلِىَ النِّعمَة\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ سَلَامٍ عن وكيعٍ (^٥).\nواحتَجَّ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى ذَلِكَ أيضًا بأنَّ النَّسَبَ شَبيهٌ بالوَلاءِ، والوَلاءُ شَبيهٌ بالنَّسَبِ، ولَو أن رَجُلًا لا أبا (^٦) له يُعرَفُ سألَ رَجُلًا أن يَنسِبَه إلَى\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢١٦٨، ٢٧٢٩).\n(^٢) ينظر (١٢١٧٤، ١٣٨٨٣، ١٤٣٧٤).\n(^٣) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١١).\n(^٤) أخرجه أبو داود (٢٩١٦) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به. وأحمد (٢٥٥٣٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٤٠١) من طريق وكيع به. والترمذى (١٢٥٦، ٢١٢٥) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٥) البخارى (٦٧٦٠).\n(^٦) فى حاشية الأصل: \"أب\".","vol":"21","page":376},{"text":"نَفسِه، ورَضِىَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ، لَم يَجُزْ أن يَكونَ له ابنًا أبَدًا، وإِنَّما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلَدُ لِلفِراشِ\". وكَذَلِكَ إذا لَم يُعتِقِ الرَّجُلُ رَجُلًا لَم يَجُز أن يَكونَ مَنسوبًا إلَيه بالوَلاءِ، فيُدخِلَ على عاقِلَتِه المَظلِمَةَ فى عَقْلِهِم عنه، ويَنسِبَ إلَى نَفسِه ولاءَ مَن لَم يُعتِقْ؛ وإِنَّما قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". قال: وبَيِّنٌ فى قَولِه: \"إنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". أنَّه لا يَكونُ الوَلاءُ إلا لمن أعتَقَ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4414>بابُ ما يُستَدَلُّ به على نَسخِ آيَةِ المُعاقَدَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٤٨٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أحمدَ الجُرجانِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا إدريسُ الأَوْدِىُّ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن سعيدِ ابنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- فى قَولِه ﷿: (والَّذين عاقَدَت (^٢) أيمانُكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم). قال: كان المهاجِرونَ حينَ قَدِموا المَدينَةَ يُوَرِّثونَ الأنصارَ دونَ ذَوِى رَحِمِه؛ للأُخوَّةِ التى آخَى النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- بَينَهُم، فأُنزِلَت هذه الآيَةُ: ﴿وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ﴾ [النساء: ٣٣]. فنُسِخَت، ثُمَّ قال: (والَّذين عاقَدَت (^٢) أيمانُكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم). مِنَ النَّصرِ والنَّصيحَةِ والرِّفادَةِ، ويُوصِى لَهُم، وقَد ذَهَبَ الميراثُ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن الصَّلْتِ بنِ محمدٍ وغَيرِه عن أبى أُسامَةَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٤/ ٧٧.\n(^٢) كذا فى النسخ، وهى قراءة نافع وابن كثير وأبى عمرو وأبى جعفر ويعقرب وابن عامر. النشر ٢/ ١٨٧.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٦٢). وتقدم فى (١٢٦٥٣).\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٩٢، ٤٥٨٠، ٦٧٤٧).","vol":"21","page":377},{"text":"ورُوِّينا عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: (والَّذين عاقَدَت أيمانُكُم فآتوهُم نَصيبَهُم): كان الرَّجُلُ يُحالِفُ الرَّجُلَ لَيسَ بَينَهُما نَسَبٌ، فيَرِثُ أحَدُهُما الآخَرَ، فنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ \"الأنفال\" فقالَ: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ﴾ (^١) [الأنفال: ٧٥].\n\n٢١٤٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ طَلحَةَ بنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ إسحاقَ قال: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: إنَّ فُلانًا أسلَمَ على يَدَىَّ. قال: \"هو مَولاكَ، فإِذا مِتَّ فأوصِ له\" (^٢).\nهَذا مُرسَلٌ، وفيه تأكيدٌ لِقَولِ ابنِ عباسٍ فى نَسخِ آيةِ المُعاقَدَةِ فى الميراثِ، ولَكِنْ يوصِى له، ويُحسِنُ إلَيه. واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4415>بابُ ما جاءَ فى عِلَّةِ حَديثٍ رُوِىَ فيه عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ مَرفوعًا</span>\n\n٢١٤٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ شَيبانَ العَطّارُ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ الدَّقّاقُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ المُنادِى، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، أخبرَنِى مَن لا أتَّهِمُ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ قال: سألتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- عن الرَّجُلِ مِن أهلِ الكُفرِ يُسلِمُ على يَدَىِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ: ما السُّنَّةُ فيه؟ قال: \"هو أولَى النّاسِ به بمَحْياه ومَماتِه\".\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٦٥٥).\n(^٢) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٦١) عن معاوية.","vol":"21","page":378},{"text":"٢١٤٨٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا عثمانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- بنَحوِهِ.\n\n٢١٤٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ ابنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوْهَبٍ قال: سَمِعتُ تَميمًا الدّارِىَّ (^١). قال يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ: هذا خَطأٌ؟ ابنُ مَوهَبٍ لَم يَسمَعْ مِن تَميمٍ ولا لَحِقَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ قال: سألتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: ما السُّنَّةُ فى الرَّجُلِ يُسلِمُ مِن أهلِ الكُفرِ على يَدَىِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ؟ فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هو أولَى النّاسِ بمَحياه ومَماتِه\" (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الفارِسِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ ابنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ فارِسٍ، حدثنا محمدُ\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٦٩٥٣) من طريق أبى نعيم به. والترمذى (٢١١٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٤١٣)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٥٢) من طريق عبد العزيز بن عمر به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان فى المعرفة والتاريخ ٢/ ٤٣٩.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٦٣)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٣٩. وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٨٥٥) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن يوسف به.","vol":"21","page":379},{"text":"ابنُ إسماعيلَ البخارىُّ قال: قال لَنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ حَمزَةَ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ بمَعناه. ثُمَّ قال محمدٌ: وقالَ بَعضُهُم: عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ مَوهَبٍ سَمِعَ تَميمًا الدَّارِىَّ، ولا يَصِحُّ؛ لِقَولِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"إنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَواه يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الرَّمْلِىُّ عن يَحيَى بنِ حَمزَةَ كما:\n\n٢١٤٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ خالِدِ بنِ مَوهَبٍ الرَّمْلِىُ وهِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى هو ابنُ حَمزَةَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ مَوهَبٍ يُحَدِّثُ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ، قال هِشامٌ: عن تَميمٍ الدَّارِىِّ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ. وقالَ يَزيدُ: إنَّ تَميمًا قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ما السُّنَّةُ فى الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ على يَدَىِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ؟ قال: \"هو أولَى النّاسِ بمَحياه ومَماتِه\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فعادَ الحَديثُ مَعَ ذِكرِ قَبيصَةَ فيه إلَى الإرسالِ.\n\n٢١٤٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) التاريخ الكبير ٥/ ١٩٨.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٢٩١٨). وأخرجه يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٣٩ عن يزيد به. والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٨٥٤)، والطبرانى (١٢٧٣) من طريق هشام بن عمار به. وليس عند يعقوب والطحاوى ذكر عمر بن عبد العزيز.","vol":"21","page":380},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ أبى إسحاقَ، عن أبيه، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، الرَّجُلُ مِنَ المُشرِكينَ يُسلِمُ على يَدَىِ الرَّجُلِ المُسلِمِ؟ قال: \"هو أولَى به فى حَياتِه ومَماتِه\" (^١). كَذا قال: ابنُ وهبٍ.\n\n٢١٤٨٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَوهَبٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ ابنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى هذا الحديثِ: إنَّه لَيسَ بثابِتٍ؛ إنَّما يَرويه عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ عُمَرَ عن ابنِ مَوهَبٍ عن تَميمٍ الدّارِىِّ، وابنُ مَوهَبٍ لَيسَ بمَعروفٍ عِندَنا، ولا نَعلَمُه لَقِىَ تَميمًا، ومِثْلُ هذا لا يَثبُتُ عِندَنا ولا عِندَكَ مِن قِبَلِ أنَّه مَجهولٌ، ولا أعلَمُه مُتَّصِلًا (^٣).\n\n٢١٤٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الفَضلُ بنُ الحُبابِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن جَعفَرِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن القاسِمِ، عن أبى أُمامَةَ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أسلَمَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٤١١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٢٨٥٦) من طريق أبى بكر الحنفى به.\n(^٢) يعقوب بن سفيان ٢/ ٤٣٩، ٤٤٠.\n(^٣) الأم ٤/ ٧٨. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٢٢: رواه أصحاب السنن الأربعة بالاتصال والانقطاع، وابن موهب ما به بأس.","vol":"21","page":381},{"text":"على يَدَىْ رَجُل فلَه ولاؤُه\" (^١). قال أبو أحمدَ: سَمِعتُ ابنَ حَمّادٍ يقولُ: قال البخارىُّ: جَعفَرُ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ الشّامِىُّ عن القاسِمِ مَتروكُ الحديثِ، تَرَكوه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَواه أيضًا مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى الصَّدَفِىُّ عن القاسَمِ، ومُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى أيضًا ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بهِ (^٣):\n\n٢١٤٩١ - أخبَرَناه أبو سَعدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عَمّارٍ، حدثنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، حدثنا مُعاويَةُ بنُ يَحيَى، عن القاسِمِ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الشّامِىِّ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4416>باب: مَن وجَدَ مَنبوذًا فالتَقَطَه لَم يَثبُتْ له عَلَيه ولاءٌ</span>\n\n٢١٤٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أن عائشةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أرادَت أن تَشتَرِىَ وَليدَةً فتُعتِقَها، فقالَ أهلُها: نَبيعُكِ (^٥) على أن ولاءَها لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ؛ فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٢/ ٥٥٩، ومن طريقه ابن الجوزى فى الموضوعات ٣/ ٢٣٠.\n(^٢) الكامل لابن عدى ٢/ ٥٥٨، والضعفاء الصغير للبخارى ص ٢٨. وتقدم الكلام على جعفر بن الزبير عقب (١٤٥٥٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٦٢).\n(^٤) ابن عدى فى الكامل ٦/ ٢٣٩٧. وأخرجه الطبرانى (٧٧٨١)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٨١ من طريق عيسى بن يونس به.\n(^٥) فى م: \"نبيعكها\".\n(^٦) تقدم فى (١٠٩٤٧، ١٢٥١٢، ٢١٤٧٥).","vol":"21","page":382},{"text":"أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ مالكٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٤٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى ابنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا هِشامٌ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: اللَّقيطُ لِلمُسلِمينَ ميراثُه، وعَلَيهِم جَريرَتُه، ولَيسَ لِصاحِبِه مِنه شَئٌ إلا الأجرُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4417>بابُ مَن قال: له عَلَيه ولاءٌ</span>\n\n٢١٤٩٤ - أخبرَنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ قالا: حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، سَمِعَ سُنَيْنًا أبا جَميلَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يقولُ: وجَدتُ مَنبوذًا على عَهدِ عُمَرَ -﵁-، فذَكَرَه عَريفِى لِعُمَرَ، فأرسَلَ إلَىَّ، فدَعانِى والعَريفُ عِندَه، فلَمّا رآنِى مُقبِلًا قال: هل (^٣) عَسَى الغُوَيرُ أبْؤُسًا (^٤)؟ قال العَريفُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّه لَيسَ بمُتَّهَمٍ. قال: عَلَامَ أخَذَتَ هَذا؟ قال: وجَدتُ نَفسًا بمَضِيعةٍ (^٥) فأحبَبتُ أن يأجُرَنِى اللَّهُ فيها. قال: هو حُرٌّ، ووَلاؤُه لَكَ، وعَلَينا رَضاعُه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧٥٢)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢١٠٢) من طريق هشام بلفظ: \"جريرته فى بيت المال، وميراثه لهم\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"هذا\".\n(^٤) تقدم معناه فى (١٢٢٦٢).\n(^٥) فى نسخة المصنف، س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"مضيعة\".\nوالمضيعة: الموضع الذى يضيع فيه الإنسان. المصباح المنير ص ١٣٩ (ض ى ع).\n(^٦) جزء سعدان (١١٤). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٨٣٩)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ٧/ ٣١١، ٣١٢ من طريق سفيان به. والشافعى ٧/ ٢٣٢ من طريق الزهرى. وتقدم فى (١٢٢٦٢).","vol":"21","page":383},{"text":"أجابَ عنه الشّافِعِىُّ بأنَّه لَيسَ ممّا يَثبُتُ مِثلُه؛ هو عن رَجُلٍ لَيسَ بالمعروفِ. يَعنِى أبا جَميلَةَ، ثُمَّ ساقِ كَلامَه إلَى أنَّ السُّنَّةَ جاءَت بأنَّ الوَلاءَ إنَّما هو لمن أعتَقَ، وأنَّ الحديثَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قَد يَعزُبُ عن بَعضِ أصحابِه، ولَيسَ فى أحَدٍ، ولَو كانوا عَدَدًا، مَعَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حُجَّةٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4418>بابُ المُسلِمِ يُعتِقُ نَصرانيًّا أوِ النَّصرانِىِّ يُعتِقُ مُسلِمًا</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فالوَلاءُ ثابِتٌ لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما على صاحِبِهِ.\n\n٢١٤٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو عُمَرَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- فى قِصَّةِ بَريرَةَ قالَت: فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَرِيها؛ فإِنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى عُمَرَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: لَم يَخُصَّ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- واحِدًا مِنهُما دونَ الآخَرِ، وإِنْ ماتَ المُعتَقُ لَم يَرِثْه مَولاه باختِلافِ الدِّينَينِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٩٦ - واحتَجَّ بما أخبرَنا أبو على الرُّوذْبارِىُّ وأبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ قالا: أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) ينظر الأم ٣/ ٩، ٤/ ١٣١، ٧/ ٢٣٢.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٤٣٩٦، ١٤٣٩٧).\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٧٥١).\n(^٤) ينظر الأم ٤/ ١٢٧.","vol":"21","page":384},{"text":"نَصرٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن علىّ بنِ حُسَينٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ عثمانَ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ يَبلُغُ به النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ-: \"أن المُسلِمَ لا يرِثُ الكافِرَ، وأنَّ الكافِرَ لا يَرِثُ المُسلِمَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى وغَيرِه عن سُفيانَ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى حَكيمٍ، أن عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ أعتَقَ عبدًا له نَصرانيًّا، فتوُفِّىَ، فقال إسماعيلُ: فأمَرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ أن آخُذَ مِيراثَه فأجعَلَه فى بَيتِ المالِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4419>بابُ مَن أعتَقَ عبدًا له سائبَةً</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فالعِتقُ ماضٍ، ولَه ولاؤُه (^٤).\n\n٢١٤٩٨ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ بنُ شَريكٍ وابنُ مِلْحانَ قالا: حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٢٣٥٢ - ١٢٣٥٤، ١٢٥٨٩).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٦١٤/ ١)، والبخارى (٦٧٦٤).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (٨/ ١٧ و- مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥١٩، وعنه الشافعى ٤/ ١٢٨، وعبد الرزاق (٩٨٦٦). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٨٢) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) الأم ٤/ ١٢٧.","vol":"21","page":385},{"text":"يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، حدثنا اللَّيثُ بنُ سَعدٍ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- أخبَرَته، أن بَريرَةَ جاءَت عائشةَ تَستَعينُها فى كِتابَتِها، ولَم تكُنْ قَضت مِن كِتابَتِها شَيئًا، فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: ارجِعِى إلَى أهلِكِ، فإِن أحَبَّوا أن أقضِىَ عَنكِ كتابَتَكِ ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لِى فعَلتُ. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ بَريرَةُ لأهلِها فأبَوْا وقالوا: إن شاءَت أن تَحتَسِبَ عَلَيكِ فلْتَفعَلْ، ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- \"ابتاعِى وأعتِقِى؛ فإنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما بالُ أُناسٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ مَنِ اشتَرَطَ شَرطًا لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فلَيسَ له، وإِن شَرَطَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ؛ شَرْطُـ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ وأوثَقُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ ومُسلِم فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٤٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، عن أبى قَيسٍ، عن هُزَيلِ بنِ شُرَحْبيلَ قال: جاءَ رَجُل إلَى عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَسعودٍ فقالَ: إنِّى أَعتَقْتُ غُلامًا لِى وجَعَلتُه سائبَةً، فماتَ وتَرَكَ مالًا. فقالَ عبدُ اللَّهِ: إنَّ أهلَ الإسلامِ لا يُسَيِّبونَ؛ إنَّما كانَت تُسَيِّبُ أهلُ الجاهِليَّةِ، وأنتَ وارِثُه ووَلِىُّ نِعمَتِه، فإِن تَحَرَّجْتَ مِن شَئٍ فادناه نَجعَلْه فى بَيتِ المالِ (^٣). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مُختَصرًا\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٤٥٤٤).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦١)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى ٩/ ٣٠٩ (٤٤٦٧)، والمعرفة (٦٠٦٧). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٢٣)، =","vol":"21","page":386},{"text":"عن قَبيصَةَ عن سُفيانَ (^١).\nورَواه الشَّعبِىُّ والنَّخَعِىُّ وغَيرُهُما عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ مُرسَلًا مُختَصَرًا (^٢).\nورُوِىَ عن عَلقَمَةَ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ مَوصولًا، وقالَ فى رِوايَتِه: فإِن أبَيتَ فههنا وارِثونَ كَثيرٌ. فجَعَلَه فى بَيتِ المالِ.\n\n٢١٥٠٠ - وفيما أجازَ لى أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ رِوايَتَه عنه، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، أخبرَنِى أبو طُوالَةَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ مَعمَرٍ قال: كان سالِمٌ مَولَى أبى حُذَيفَةَ مَولَّى لامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ لها: عَمْرَةُ بنتُ يَعارٍ، أعَتقَته سائبَةً، فقُتِلَ يَومَ اليَمامَةِ، فأُتِىَ أبو بكرٍ -﵁- بميراثِه فقالَ: أَعطُوه عَمرَةَ. فأبَت أن تَقبَلَه (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدٍ وجَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ قالا: حدثنا عَمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أيّوبَ وسَلَمَةَ بنِ عَلقَمَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سِيرينَ قال: نُبِّئتُ أن سالمًا مَولَى أبى حُذَيفَةَ أعتَقَتْه امرأةٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ وقالَت: اذهَبْ فَوَالِ مَن شِئتَ. فوالَى أبا حُذَيفَةَ، فلَمّا أُصيبَ اختَصَموا فى ميراثِه، فجُعِلَ مِيراثُه لِلأنصارِ.\n_________\n= ومن طريقه الطبرانى (٩٨٧٩) - من طريق سفيان به.\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧٥٣).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٥٤) من طريق الشعبى به. والشافعى ٤/ ١٣٣ من طريق النخعى به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٦٦)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٣٣، وفيه: \"عبد اللَّه بن عبد الرحمن عن معمر\". وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٢٥: سنده منقطع.","vol":"21","page":387},{"text":"٢١٥٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، أنبأنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ وديعَةَ بنِ خِدامِ بنِ خالِدٍ أخِى بَنى عمرِو بنِ عَوفٍ قال: كان سالِم مَولَى أبى حُذَيفَةَ مَولًى لامرأةٍ مِنّا يُقالُ لها: سَلمَى بنتُ يَعارٍ، أعتَقَته سائبَةً فى الجاهِليَّةِ، فلَمّا أُصيبَ باليَمامَةِ أُتِىَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- بميراثِه، فدَعا وديعَةَ بنَ خِدامٍ فقالَ: هذا ميراثُ مَولاكُم، وأنتُم أحَقُّ به. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، قَد أغنانا اللَّهُ عنه، قَد أعتَقَتْه صاحِبَتُنا سائبَةً، فلا نُريدُ أن نَندى (^١) مِن أمرِه شَيئًا. أو قال: نَرزأَ. فجَعَلَه عُمَرُ -﵁- فى بَيتِ المالِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٠٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه ومَعناه عاليًا، وقالَ فى آخِرِه: فدَعا أبى وديعَةَ بنَ خِدامٍ وكانَ وارِثَ سَلمَى بنتِ يَعارٍ فقالَ: هذا ميراثُ مَولاكُم فخُذوه. فقالَ وديعَةُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أعتَقَتْه صاحِبَتُنا سائبَةً لأبَوَيْها، وقَد أغْنَى (^٣) اللَّهُ عنه، فلا حاجَةَ لَنا به. قال: فجَعَلَه عُمَرُ -﵁- فى بَيتِ مالِ المُسلِمينَ.\nورَواه بمَعناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى الجَهمِ عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ.\n_________\n(^١) نندى: نصيب. ينظر التاج ٤٠/ ٦١ (ن د ى).\n(^٢) أخرجه البخارى فى التاريخ الصغير ص ٦٣، ٦٤ من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"اغنانا\".","vol":"21","page":388},{"text":"٢١٥٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءِ ابنِ أبى رَباحٍ، أن طارِقَ بنَ المُرَقَّعِ أعتَقَ أهلَ بَيتٍ سَوائبَ، فأُتِىَ بميراثِهِم، فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أعطُوه ورَثَةَ طارِقٍ. فأبَوْا أن يأخُذوه، فقالَ عُمَرُ: فاجعَلوه فى مِثلِهِم مِنَ النّاسِ (^١).\n\n٢١٥٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مسلم وسَعيدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، أن طارِقَ بنَ المُرَقَّعِ أعتَقَ أهلَ أبياتٍ مِن أهلِ اليَمَنِ سَوائبَ، فانقَلَعُوا عن بضعَةَ عَشَرَ ألفًا، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فأمَرَ أن يُدفَعَ إلَى طارِقٍ أو ورَثَةِ طارِقٍ (^٢). قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: أنا شَكَكتُ فى الحديثِ هَكَذا (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٠٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا عُقبَةُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصَمُّ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، أن طارِقًا أعتَقَ رَجُلًا سائبَةً فماتَ السّائبَةُ، وتَرَكَ مالًا، فرُفِعَ مالُه إلَى صاحِبِ مَكَّةَ، فأرسَلَ إلَى طارِقٍ فعَرَضَ مالَه عَلَيه، فأبَى طارِقٌ أن يأخُذَه، فكَتَبَ عامِلُ مَكَّةَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٤/ ١٣٣. وأخرجه الفاكهى فى أخبار مكة (١٩٢٧) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) الشافعى ٤/ ٧٩.\n(^٣) مسند الشافعى عقب (٦٨١).","vol":"21","page":389},{"text":"إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: أنِ اجمَعِ المالَ واعرِضْه على طارِقٍ، فإِن قَبِلَه فادفَعْه إلَيه، وإِن لَم يَقبَلْه فاشتَرِ به رِقابًا فأعتِقْهُم. قال: فعَرَضَ على طارِقٍ فلَم يَقبَلْه، فاشتَرَى به خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ أو سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ مَملوكًا فأعتَقَهُم. قال عُقبَةُ: كأنِّى أرَى عَطاءً وهو يَعقِدُ بيَدِه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ أو سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ (^١).\nورَواه قَتادَةُ وقَيسُ بنُ سَعدٍ عن عَطاءٍ قال فيه: فكَتَبَ يَعلَى ابنُ مُنيَةَ إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: أنَّه أحقُّ بميراثِهِ.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ عَطاءٌ سَمِعَه مِن طارِقٍ، وإِن لَم يَسمَعْه مِنه فحَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ مُرسَلٌ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَعنِى ما رَوَى لمن خالَفَه فى هذه المَسألَةِ عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ أن سائبَةً أعتَقَهَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الحاجِّ، فأصابَه غُلامٌ مِن بَنِى مَخزومٍ، فقَضَى عُمَرُ -﵁- عَلَيهِم بعَقْلِه، قال أبو المَقضِىِّ عَلَيه: أرأيتَ لَو أصابَ ابنِى؟ قال: إذن لا يَكونُ له شَئٌ. قالَ: هو إذن مِثلُ الأرقَمِ. قال: عُمَرُ -﵁-: فهو إذن مِثلُ الأرقَمِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٢٣)، وابن أبى شبة (٣١٩٦١) من طريق عطاء به.\n(^٢) الام ٤/ ١٣٣.\n(^٣) ذكره الشافعى فى الأم ٤/ ١٣٢ عن سليمان بن يسار.","vol":"21","page":390},{"text":"أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو الزِّنادِ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ ذَكوانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: قَدِمَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- مَكَّةَ وهو خَليفَةٌ، فرُفِعَ إلَيه رَجُلٌ أعتَقَ سائبَةً أصابَ ابنًا لِلسّائبِ بنِ عائذِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ مَخزومٍ خَطَأً، فطَلَبَ السّائبُ مِن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- دِيَةَ ابنِهِ. فقالَ عُمَرُ: إن يَكُنْ له مالٌ وَدَى ابنَكَ لَكَ مِن مالِه بالِغًا ما بَلَغَ. قال السّائبُ: فإِن لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ؟ قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: فلا شَئَ لَكَ. قال السّائبُ: أفَرأيتَ لَو أصبناه خَطأً؟ قال: إذن واللَّهِ تَعقِلَه. قال: فقالَ السّائبُ: فإِن قُتِلَ عُقِلَ، وإِن قَتَلَ لَم يُعقَلْ عنه؟ قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: نَعَم. قال: فقالَ السّائبُ: هو إذن كالأرقَمِ؛ إن يُلْقَى يَلقَمْ وإِن يُقتَلْ يَنقَمْ؟ قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: فهو واللَّهِ ذَلِكَ. قال: فلَم يُعطِه شَيئًا (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وهَذا، إذا ثَبَتَ، بقَولِنا أشبَهُ؛ لأنَّه لَو رأى ولاءَه لِلمُسلِمينَ رأى عَلَيهِم عَقلَه، ولَكِنْ يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ عَقْلُه على مَواليه، فلَمّا كانوا لا يُعرَفونَ لَم يَرَ فيه عَقْلًا حَتَّى يُعرَفَ مَواليهِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والَّذِى يَدُلُّ على صحَّة هذا التّأويلِ ما:\n\n٢١٥٠٨ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ الحارِثِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه مالك ٢/ ٨٧٦ - وعنه عبد الرزاق (١٨٤٢٥) عن أبى الزناد مختصرًا. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٦١٩٠).\n(^٢) الأم ٤/ ١٣٢.","vol":"21","page":391},{"text":"القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ، عن قَبيصَةَ بنِ ذُؤَيبٍ قال: كان الرَّجُلُ إذا أعتَقَ سائبَةً لَم يَرِثْه، وإِذا جَنَى جِنايَةً كان على مَن أعتَقَه، فدَخَلوا على عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقالوا: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أنصِفْنا؛ إمّا أن يَكونَ عَلَيكُمُ العَقْلُ ولَكُمُ الميراثُ، وإِمّا أن يَكونَ لَنا الميراثُ وعَلَينا العَقْلُ. فقَضَى عُمَرُ -﵁- لَهُم بالميراثِ.\n[قال الشيخُ] (^١): وحَديثُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4420>بابُ مَنِ استَحَبَّ مِنَ السَّلَفِ -﵃- التَّننَزُّهَ عن ميراثِ السّائبَةِ وإن كان مُباحًا</span>\n\n٢١٥٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِب، أنبأنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن أبى عثمانَ النَّهدِىِّ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: الصَّدَقَةُ والسّائبَةُ ليَومِهِما (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الكارِزِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال: قال أبو عُبَيدٍ: يَعنِى بقَولِه: ليَومِهِما. يَومَ القيامَةِ؛ اليَومُ الَّذِى كان أعتَقَ فيه سائبَتَه وتَصَدَّقَ بصَدَقَتِه له.\n_________\n(^١) فى نسخة المصنف: \"قلت\"، وفى م: \"قال الشافعى\".\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف: \"ليومها\".\nوالأثر أخرجه الدارمى (٣١٦١) عن يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٦٢٢٩، ١٦٥٧٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٢٩١، ٣١٩٥٥) من طريق سليمان التيمى به.","vol":"21","page":392},{"text":"يقولُ: فلا يَرجِعُ إلَى الانتِفاعِ بشَئٍ مِنهُما بعدَ ذَلِكَ فى الدُّنيا، وذَلِكَ كالرَّجُلِ يُعتِقُ عبدَه سائبَةً، ثُمَّ يَموتُ المُعتَقُ ويَترُكُ مالًا ولا وارِثَ له إلا الَّذِى أعتَقَه. يقولُ: فلَيسَ يَنبَغِى له أن يَرزَأَ مِن ميراثِه شَيئًا، ولا يَرزأَ مِن ميراثِ السّائبَةِ شَيئًا إلا أن يَجعَلَه فى مِثلِهِ، وكَذَلِكَ يُروَى عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وإِنَّما هذا مِنهُم على وجهِ الفَضلِ والثَّوابِ لَيسَ على أنَّه مُحَرَّمٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٥١٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا سُلَيمانُ التَّيمِىُّ، عن بكرِ ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ المُزَنِىِّ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ أُتِىَ بمالِ مَولًى كان له، فقالَ: إنَّما كُنّا أعتَقناه سائبَةً. فأمَرَ أن يُشتَرَى به رِقابٌ فيُلحِقونَها به. أى يُعتِقونَها (^٢).\n\n٢١٥١١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُقبَةَ، عن ابنِ هُبَيرَةَ، عن زيادِ ابنِ نُعَيمٍ أخبَرَه أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ ابنِ عُمَرَ حينَ جاءَه رَجُلٌ بحَقيبَةِ (^٣) وَرِقٍ، فقالوا: إنَّ فُلانًا مَولَى أبيكَ توُفِّىَ، وإنَّه أمَرَنِى أن أدفَعَ هذه إلَيكَ. قال: ويحَه! ألَا أنفَقَه فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ؟ فجاءَه رسولُ عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ: أنِ ابعَثْ إلَىَّ بميراثِه مِن مَولَى أبيه. فبَعَثَه إلَيه كُلَّه، وكانَ ابنُ عُمَرَ لا يَرِثُ السّائبَةَ، وكانَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو عبيد فى غريب الحديث ٣/ ٣٧٠، ٣٧١ وفيه: \"ليومها\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٣١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٥٦) من طريق سليمان التيمى بنحوه.\n(^٣) الحمية: الوعاء الذى يجمع فيه الرجل متاعه، وتشد فى مؤخر الرحل، وجمعها حقائب وحُقُب. شرح أبى داود للعينى ٢/ ١٠٨.","vol":"21","page":393},{"text":"عُمَرُ -﵁- أعتَقَه سائبَةً.\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: هذا إن صَحَّ يَدُلُّ على أنَّه كان لا يَراه حَرامًا؛ إذْ لَو رآه حَرامًا لَمَنَعَه مِن أخيه عاصِمٍ كما امتَنَعَ مِنه، ولَكِنَّه استَحَدث التَّنَزُّهَ عنه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٥١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الجَبّارِ السُّكَرِىُّ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ التَّرْقُفِىُّ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن أبى عمرٍو الشَّيبانِىِّ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ: السَّائبَةُ يَضَعُ مالَه حَيثُ شاءَ (^١). قال شُعبَةُ: لَم يَسمَعْ هذا مِن سلمةَ أحَدٌ غَيرِى (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَحتَمِلُ أن يُريدَ به أنه يَضَعُه فى حَياتِه حَيثُ شاءَ؛ لأنَّ مَولاه يَتَنَزُّهُ عن أخذِ مالِه بعدَ وفاتِه، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4421>باب: المَولَى المُعتَقُ إذا ماتَ ولَم يَكنْ له عَصَبَةٌ قامَ المَولَى المُعتِقُ مَقامَ العَصَبَةِ فأخَذَ الفَضلَ عن أهلِ الفَرائضِ</span>\nاستِدلالًا بما مَضَى فى ثُبوتِ الوَلاءِ لِلمُعتِقِ، وأنَّه مُشَبَّهٌ بالنَّسَبِ.\n\n٢١٥١٣ - واستَدَلَّ بَعضُ أصحابِنا فى ذَلِكَ بما أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ ناجِيَةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٣١٥٩) عن أبى عبد الرحمن المقرئ -عبد اللَّه بن يزيد- وأبى نعيم به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣١٩٦٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠٣ من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) الدارمى عقب (٣١٥٩).","vol":"21","page":394},{"text":"عثمانُ بنِ كَرامَةَ وأحمَدُ بنُ عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ قالا: حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ موسَى، عن إسرائيلَ، عن أبى حَصينٍ، عن أبى صالِحٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ -﵁- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أنا أولَى بالمُؤمِنينَ مِن أنفُسِهِم؛ فمَن ماتَ وتَرَكَ مالًا فمالُه لموالِى العَصبَةِ، ومَن تَرَكَ كَلًّا أو ضَياعًا فأنا وليُّه فَلِأُدْعَى له\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مَحمودٍ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥١٤ - وقالَ غَيرُهُم عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ: \"فمَن تَرَكَ مالًا فَلِمَواليه\" أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ هو الحَنظَلِىُّ، أنبأنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ موسَى. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٢١٥١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ ابنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ، أن ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ بنِ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ كان لها مَولى أعتَقَتْه، فماتَ المَولَى، وتَرَكَ ابنَتَه ومَولاتَه ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ فرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأعطَى ابنَتَه النِّصفَ، وأعطَى مَولاتَه ابنَةَ حَمزَةَ النِّصفَ (^٣).\nهَذا مُرسَلٌ، وقَد رُوِىَ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ مُرسَلًا، وبَعضُها يُؤَكِّدُ بَعضًا، وقَد\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٦٣٤٧) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن موسى به. وتقدم فى (١٢٥٠٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٦٧٤٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢١٠) - ومن طريقه الطبرانى ٢٤/ ٣٥٦ (٨٨٦)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٤/ ٤٠١، والدارقطنى فى العلل ١٥/ ٣٩٢ من طريق سفيان به. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢٣١: رواه الطبرانى بأسانيد، ورجال بعضها رجال الصحيح.","vol":"21","page":395},{"text":"مَضَى ذَلِكَ بشَواهِدِه مَعَ قَولِ علىٍّ وزيدٍ -﵄- فيه فى كِتابِ الفَرائضِ (^١).\n\n٢١٥١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ ابنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَوْنٍ، أنبأنا مِسعَرٌ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ رِيَاحٍ (^٢)، عن ابنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: الوَلاءُ شُعبَةٌ مِنَ الرَّقِّ، فمَن أحرَزَ ولاءً أحرَزَ ميراثًا (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4422>باب: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبْرِ مِن عَصَبَةِ المُعتِقِ، وهو الأقرَبُ فالأقرَبُ مِنهُم بالمُعتِقِ إذا كان قَد ماتَ المُعتِقُ</span>\n\n٢١٥١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ الحارِثِ ابنِ هِشامٍ، عن أبيه، أنَّه أخبَرَه أنَّ العاصِ بنَ هِشامٍ هَلَكَ وتَرَكَ بَنينَ له ثَلاثَةً؛ اثنانِ لأُمٍّ، ورَجُلٌ لِعَلَّةٍ (^٤)، فهَلَكَ أحَدُ اللَّذَيْنِ لأُمٍّ، فتَرَكَ مالًا ومَوالِىَ، فوَرِثَه أخوه الَّذِى لأُمِّه وأبيه؛ مالَه ووَلاءَ مَواليه، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ الَّذِى ورِثَ المالَ ووَلاءَ المَوالِى، وتَرَكَ ابنَه وأخاه لأبيه، فقالَ ابنُه: قَد أحرَزتُ ما كان أبى أحرَزَ مِنَ المالِ ووَلاءِ المَوالِى. وقالَ أخوه: لَيسَ كَذَلِكَ؛ إنَّما أحرَزتَ المالَ، فأمّا\n_________\n(^١) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٢٥١٢ - ١٢٥٢٧).\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: هو عمران بن مسلم بن رياح، يأتى ذكره، واللَّه أعلم\" ا. هـ. وسيأتى فى (٢١٥٢٨). وتقدم التعليق عليه فى (٢١٤٧٠).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢١٤٧٠) وسيأتى فى (٢١٥٢٨).\n(^٤) العلة: الضرة، ومنه: بنو العلات، وهم بنو أمهات شتى من رجل واحد. التاج ٣٠/ ٤٧ (ع ل ل).","vol":"21","page":396},{"text":"ولاءُ المَوالِى فلا، أرأيتَ لَو هَلَكَ أخِى اليَومَ، ألَستُ أرِثُه أنا؟ فاختَصما إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- فقَضَى لأخيه بوَلاءِ المَوالِى (^١).\n\n٢١٥١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ ابنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا بُنْدارٌ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ الزُّبَيرِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَحيَى ابنِ سعيدٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أن عُمَرَ وعُثمانَ -﵄- قالا: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبْرِ.\n\n٢١٥١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵃- قال: وأحسِبُه ذَكَرَ عبدَ اللَّهِ -﵁- يَقولونَ: الوَلاءُ لِلأكبَرِ. قال: يَعنِى بالأكبَرِ أقرَبَهُم بأبٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٢٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عُمَرُ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ وزَيدٌ -﵃-: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبْرِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٢١ - قال: وأنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٦٨)، والشافعى ٤/ ١٢٨، ومالك ٢/ ٧٨٤، ومن طريقه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٢٢٧). والذى فى المعرفة: \"عن عبد اللَّه أن العاص\". بإسقاط من بينهما.\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٠٦٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وسعيد بن منصور (٢٦٧) من طريق أشعت به. ولفظه: \"أن عمر وعليًّا وابن مسعود وعبد اللَّه وزيدًا كانوا يجعلون الولاء للكُبر\".\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٣٨) من طريق الثورى، وفيه ذكر علىٍّ بدلًا من عبد اللَّه، وفى آخره تفسير للثورى.","vol":"21","page":397},{"text":"إبراهيمَ، أن عَليًّا وعَبدَ اللَّهِ وزَيدًا -﵃- قالوا: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبرِ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ عن على وعَبدِ اللَّهِ وزَيدٍ -﵃- (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ، عن النَّخَعِىِّ، أن عَليًّا وزَيدًا -﵄- قالا فى رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أخًا لأبيه وأُمِّه وأخًا لأبيه، فجَعَلا الوَلاءَ لأخيه لأبيه وأُمِّه، فإِن ماتَ الأخُ مَن أبٍ رَجَعَ الوَلاءُ إلَى بَنِى الأخِ لِلأبِ والأُمِّ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، أنَّ عَليًّا -﵁- قال: إذا أعتَقَتِ المَرأةُ عبدًا أو أمَةً، فهَلَكَت وتَرَكَت ولَدًا ذَكَرًا، فوَلاءُ ذَلِكَ المَولَى لِوَلَدِها ما كانوا ذُكورًا، فإِذا انقَطَعَتِ الذُّكورُ رَجَعَ الوَلاءُ إلَى أوليائِها (^٤).\nوقالَ شُرَيحٌ: يَمضِى الوَلاءُ على وجهٍ (^٥) كما يَمضِى الميراثُ، ولَكِن لا يُوَرِّثُ الوَلاءَ أُنثَى إلا شَيئًا أعتَقَتْه (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٨٨) من طريق المغيرة بلفظ: \"الولاء للكفء\". وينظر حاشيته.\n(^٢) سيأتى مسندًا فى (٢١٥٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٣٩) عن معمر به، وفيه زيادة.\n(^٤) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٥٦).\n(^٥) فى م: \"وجهه\".\n(^٦) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٩٠، ٣٢٠٩٦).","vol":"21","page":398},{"text":"٢١٥٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، أن أباه أخبَرَه أنَّه كان جالِسًا عِندَ أَبَانِ بنِ عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ، فاختَصَممَ إلَيه نَفَرٌ مِن جُهَينَةَ ونَفَرٌ مِن بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ، وكانَتِ امرأةٌ مِن جُهَينَةَ تَحتَ رَجُلٍ مِن بَنِى الحارِثِ بنِ الخَزرَجِ يُقالُ له: إبراهيمُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ، فماتَتِ المَرأةُ وتَرَكَت مالًا ومَوالِىَ، فوَرِثَها ابنُها وزَوجُها، ثُمَّ ماتَ ابنُها، فقالَ ورَثَةُ ابنِها: لَنا ولاءُ المَوالِى؛ قَد كان ابنُها أحرَزَه. قال الجُهَنيُّونَ: لَيسَ كَذَلِكَ؛ إنَّما هُم مَوالِى صاحِبَتِنا، فإِذا ماتَ ولَدُها فلَنا ولاؤُهُم ونَحنُ نَرِثُهُم. فقَضَى أبانُ بنُ عثمانُ لِلجُهَنِيِّينَ بوَلاءِ المَوالِى (^١).\n\n٢١٥٢٥ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا مالكٌ أنَّه بَلَغَه، أن سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ قال فى رَجُلٍ هَلَكَ وتَرَكَ بَنينَ ثَلاثَةً، وتَرَكَ مَوالِىَ أعتَقَهُم هو عَتاقَةً، ثُمَّ إنَّ رَجُلَينِ مِن بَنيه هَلَكا وتَرَكا ولَدًا؛ قال سعيدٌ: يَرِثُ المَوالِىَ الباقِى مِنَ الثَّلاثَةِ، فإِذا هَلَكَ فوَلَدُه ووَلَدُ إخوَتِه فى المَوالِى شَرَعًا (^٢) سَواءً (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ فيه حَديث مُرسَل يُؤَكِّدُ ما مَضَى مِنَ الآثارِ:\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٦/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٨٤، ومن طريقه الشافعى ٤/ ١٢٨. وأخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٦٩، ٦٠٧٠) من طريق الشافعى وغيره عن مالك.\n(^٢) يقال: الناس فى هذا الأمر شرع. بفتحتين وتسكن الراء للتخفيف: أى: سواء. المصباح المنير ص ١١٨ (ش ر ع).\n(^٣) مالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى بن بكير (١٦/ ٥ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٧٨٥.","vol":"21","page":399},{"text":"٢١٥٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ يَعنِى محمدَ بنَ نَصرٍ، حدثنا مَحمودُ بنُ آدَمَ، حدثنا بِشرُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الجُمَحِىِّ، عن يونُسَ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -ﷺ-: \"المَولَى أخٌ فى الدّينِ ونِعمَةٌ، وأحَقُّ النّاسِ بميراثِه أقرَبُهُم مِنَ المُعتِقِ\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4423>بابُ مَن قال: مَن أحرَزَ الميراثَ أحرَزَ الوَلاءَ</span>\n\n٢١٥٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عمرِو بنِ أبى الحَجّاجِ أبو مَعمَرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الوارِثِ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رِئابَ بنَ حُذَيفَةَ تَزَوَّجَ امرأةً، فوَلَدَت له ثَلاثَةَ غِلْمَةٍ، فماتَت أُمُّهُم، فوَرِثوا رِباعَها (^٢) ووَلاءَ مَواليها، وكانَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ عَصَبَةَ بَنيها، فأخرَجَهُم إلَى الشّامِ، فماتوا، فقَدِمَ عمرُو بنُ العاصِ، وماتَ مَولًى لها وتَرَكَ مالًا، فخاصمَه إخوَتُها إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-، فقالَ عُمَرُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ما أحرَزَ الوَلَدُ أوِ الوالِدُ فهو لِعَصَبَتِه مَن كان\". قال: فكَتَبُ له كِتابًا فيه شَهادَةُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ عَوفٍ وزَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵄- ورَجُل آخَرَ، فلَمّا استُخلِفَ عبدُ المَلِكِ اختَصَموا إلَى هِشامِ بنِ إسماعيلَ أو إلَى إسماعيلَ بنِ هِشامٍ، فرَفَعَهُم إلَى عبدِ المَلِكِ فقالَ: هذا مِنَ القَضاءِ الَّذِى ما كُنتُ أُراه.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٧٢)، والدارمى (٣٠٤٩) من طريق سعيد بن عبد الرحمن به.\n(^٢) الرباع جمع الربع: محلة القوم ومنزلهم. المصباح المنير ص ٨٢ (ر ب ع).","vol":"21","page":400},{"text":"قال: فقَضَى لَنا بكِتابِ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ، فنَحنُ فيه إلَى السّاعَةِ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: كَذا فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ، وقَد رُوِّينا عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ وعُثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵄- أنَّهُما قالا: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبرِ (^٢). ومُرسَلُ ابنِ المُسَيَّبِ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- أصَحُّ مِن رِوايَةِ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، وأمّا الحديثُ المَرفوعُ فيه فلَيسَ فيه أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال ذَلِكَ فى الوَلاءِ.\n\n٢١٥٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ وشَريكٌ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ رِيَاحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ قال: سَمِعتُ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: الوَلاءُ شُعبَة مِنَ النَّسَبِ؛ فمَن أحرَزَ الميراثَ فقَد أحرَزَ الوَلاءَ (^٣). كَذا وجَدتُه فى هذه الرِّوايَةِ، وهو خَطأٌ، وكأنَّ يَزيدَ حَمَلَ رِوايَةَ الثَّورِىِّ على رِوايَةِ شَريكٍ، وشَريكٌ وهِمَ فيه، أو وهِمَ فيه يَزيدُ فمَن دونَه.\n\n٢١٥٢٩ - وإِنَّما لَفظُ الحديثِ كما أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ وقَبيصةُ قالا: حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عِمرانَ بنِ مُسلِمِ بنِ رِيَاحٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَعقِلٍ، قال علىٌّ -﵁-: الوَلاءُ شُعبَةٌ مِنَ الرِّقِّ: مَن أحرَزَ\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٢٩١٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٨٣)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٣٤٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٧٣٢) من طريق حسين المعلم به. وعند أحمد والنسائى مقتصرا على الجزء المرفوع.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٥١٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢١٤٧٠، ٢١٥١٦).","vol":"21","page":401},{"text":"الوَلاءَ أحرَزَ الميراثَ (^١). هذا هو الصحيحُ، وكَذَلِكَ رَواه مِسعَرٌ عن عِمرانَ (^٢)، وإِنَّما مَعناه: مَن كان له الوَلاءُ كان له الميراثُ بالوَلاءِ.\n\n٢١٥٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه قال: قال الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ -﵁-: يَحوزُ الوَلاءَ الَّذِى يَحوزُ الميراثَ (^٣).\nوهَذا يَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ المُرادُ به أنَّ الَّذِى يَحوزُ الميراثَ -وهو العَصَبَةُ الَّذِى يأخُذُ جميعَ الميراثِ- هو الَّذِى يأخُذُ بالوَلاءِ دونَ أصحابِ الفُروضِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٥٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن أيّوبَ، عن ابنِ أبى مُلَيكَةَ قال: خاصمَ ابنٌ لِعَبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فى ميراثِ مَولى لِعائشَةَ -﵂-، فقَضَى بميراثِه لابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ (^٤).\nعبدُ الرَّحمَنِ أخو عائشةَ -﵂- لأُمَها وأبيها، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ أخوها\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٩٠، ومن طريقه الخطيب فى المتفق والمفترق (١٢٣٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٤٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه الدارمى (٣١٩٨) من طريق هشام عن أبيه من قوله دون ذكر الزبير فيه، وعنده: \"يحرز\" بدل: \"يحرز\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٤٦) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"21","page":402},{"text":"لأبيها دونَ أُمِّها- فقَضَى به لابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ؛ لأنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ ماتَ بعدَ عائشةَ، فأحرَزَ ابنُه ما كان أحرَزَ أبوه مِنَ الوَلاءِ، ومَن قال: الوَلاءُ لِلكُبْرِ. جَعَلَه لِلقاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ. وقَد رُوِىَ عن القاسِمِ أنَّه أنكَرَ ذَلِكَ على ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ.\n\n٢١٥٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ المُهاجِرِ، أنَّه حَضَرَ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ وطَلحَةَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ وهُما يَختَصمانِ إلَى ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ فى ميراثِ أبى عمرٍو مَولَى عائشةَ -﵂-، وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ وارِثَ عائشةَ -﵂- دونَ القاسِمِ؛ لأنَّ أباه كان أخاها لأبيها وأُمِّها، وكانَ محمدٌ أخاها لأبيها، ثُمَّ تُوفِّىَ عبدُ اللَّهِ، فوَرِثَه ابنُه طَلحَةُ، ثُمَّ توُفِّىَ أبو عمرٍو، فقَضى به عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الزُّبَيرِ لِطَلحَةَ. قال: فسَمِعَتُ القاسِمَ بنَ محمدٍ يقولُ: سُبحانَ اللَّهِ! إنَّ المَولَى لَيسَ بمالٍ مَوضوعٍ يَرِثُه مَن ورِثَه؛ إنَّما المَولَى عَصَبَةٌ (^١).\nورَوَى ابنُ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ تَوريثَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ ابنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ دونَ القاسِمِ. قال عَطاءٌ رَحِمَه اللَّهُ تَعالَى: فعيبَ ذَلِكَ على ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ. رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعالَى (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سحنون فى المدونة ٣/ ٣٧٨ عن ابن وهب به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٤٥) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":403},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4424>بابُ الجَدِّ والأخِ إذا اجتَمَعا</span>\n\n٢١٥٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ فى رَجُلٍ ماتَ وتَرَكَ أخاه وجَدَّه قال: الوَلاءُ بَينَ الجَدِّ والأخِ (^١).\n\n٢١٥٣٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢): حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو المُغِيرَةِ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى مَكحولٌ وراشِدٌ وضَمْرَةُ وعَطيَّةُ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: الجَدُّ أولَى مِن ابنِ الأخِ والعَمِّ، والنّاسُ على ذَلِكَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4425>باب: لا تَرِثُ النِّساءُ الوَلاءَ، ولا يَرِثْن إلا مَن اعتَقْنَ أو أعتَقَ مَن أعتَقْنَ</span>\n\n٢١٥٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمْرانُ (^٣) بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، حدثنا وُهَيْبٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ طاوُسٍ، [عن أبيه] (^٤)، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ألْحِقوا الفَرائضَ بأهلِها؛ فما بَقِىَ فهو لأوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ\" (^٥). رَواه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٠٠) عن ابن جريج بنحوه وفيه زيادة.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"قلت: أبو عبد اللَّه هو محمد بن نصر المروزى، واللَّه أعلم\".\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"عبيد اللَّه\". وضبب عليها فى الأصل. وتقدم فى (٣١٤٠، ٦١٤٣، ٦٢٣٣) وغيرها.\n(^٤) سقط من: م.\n(^٥) تقدم فى (١٢٤٦٨، ١٢٥٠٣، ١٢٥٠٨).","vol":"21","page":404},{"text":"البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن مُسلِمِ بنِ إبراهيمَ وغَيرِه عن وُهَيبٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ حَمّادٍ (^١).\nفأخبَرَنا أن مَن يأخُذُ بالتَّعصيبِ إنَّما هو رَجُلٌ إلا ما خَصَّتْه سُنَّةٌ له أُخرَى، وقَد قال -ﷺ- فى إعتاقِ عائشةَ بَرِيرَةَ: \"الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". فدَل أنَّها تَرِثُ بالوَلاءِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا عبدُ السَّلامِ، عن الحارِثِ بنِ حَصِيرةَ (^٣)، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ، عن علىٍّ وعَبدِ اللَّهِ وزيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵃- أنَّهُم كانوا يَجعَلونَ الوَلاءَ لِلكُبْرِ مِنَ العَصَبَةِ، ولا يوَرِّثونَ النِّساءَ إلا ما أعتَقْنَ أو أعتَقَ مَن أعتَقْنَ.\n\n٢١٥٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا عبدُ السَّلامِ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان عُمَرُ وعَلِىٌّ وزيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ لا يُوَرِّثونَ النِّساءَ مِنَ الوَلاءِ إلا ما أعتَقْنَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٥٣٨ - قال: وأنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧٣٥) عن مسلم بن إبراهيم، وفى (٦٧٣٢، ٦٧٣٧) عن موسى بن إسماعيل وسليمان بن حرب، ومسلم (٢/ ١٦١٥).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٠٩٤٧، ١٠٩٤٨، ١٢٥١٢، ٢١٤٧٥، ٢١٤٧٧، ٢١٤٧٨، ٢١٤٨٦، ٢١٤٩٢، ٢١٤٩٥، ٢١٤٩٨).\n(^٣) فى الأصل، س، م: \"حصين\". وينظر المؤتلف والمختلف ٢/ ٥٥٩، وتهذيب الكمال ٥/ ٢٢٤.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٣٠)، والدارمى (٣١٨٧) من طريق عبد السلام به.","vol":"21","page":405},{"text":"أنبأنا عبدُ السَّلامِ. فذَكَرَ مِثلَه.\n\n٢١٥٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا هِشامُ بنُ حَسّانَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ قال: لا تَرِثُ النِّساءُ مِنَ الوَلاءِ شَيئًا إلا ما كاتَبْنَه أو أعتَقْنَه (^١).\nقال يَزيدُ: وسَمِعتُ سُفيانَ الثَّورِىَّ يقولُ: لا تَرِثُ النِّساءُ مِنَ الوَلاءِ شَيئًا إلا ما كاتَبْنَ، أو أعتَقْنَ، أو أعتَقَ مَن أعتَقنَ، أو جَرَّ ولاءَه مَن أعتَقنَ.\n\n٢١٥٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الرَّفّاءُ، أنبأنا عثمانُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ بِشرٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ القاضِى، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أُوَيسٍ وعيسَى بنُ مِيناءَ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى الزِّنادِ، عن أبيه، عن الفُقَهاءِ مِن أهلِ المَدينَةِ كانوا يَقولونَ: لا تَرِثُ المَرأةُ شَيئًا مِنَ الوَلاءِ لأحَدٍ مِن أقارِبِها، ولا تَرِثُ مِنَ الوَلاءِ إلا ما أعتَقَت هِىَ نَفسُها، أو مَن كاتَبَت فعَتَقَ مِنها، أو ولاءَ مَولَى مَن أعتَقَت.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4426>بابُ ما جاءَ فى جَرِّ الوَلاءِ</span>\n\n٢١٥٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا الأعمَشُ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: إذا كانَتِ الحُرَّةُ تَحتَ المَملوكِ فوَلَدَت له ولَدًا فإِنَّه يَعتِقُ بعِتقِ أُمِّه، ووَلاؤُه لموالِى أُمِّه، فإِذا أُعتِقَ الأبُ جَرَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شببة (٣٢٠٣١) من طريق هشام به.","vol":"21","page":406},{"text":"الوَلاءَ إلَى مَوالِى أبيهِ (^١). هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مَوصولًا عن عُمَرَ -﵁-.\n\n٢١٥٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا إسحاقُ، أنبأنا عيسَى بنُ يونُسَ، عن الأعمَشِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: إذا تَزَوَّجَ المَملوكُ الحُرَّةَ فوَلَدَت فوَلَدُها يَعتِقونَ بعِتقِها، ويَكونُ ولاؤُهُم لمولَى أُمِّهِم، فإِذا عَتَقَ الأبُ جَرَّ الوَلاءَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو قُدامَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أن الزُّبَيرَ ورافِعَ بنَ خَديجٍ اختَصموا إلَى عثمانَ -﵃- فى مَولاةٍ لِرافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ كانَت تَحتَ عبدٍ، فوَلَدَت مِنه أولادًا، فاشتَرَى الزُّبَيرُ العَبدَ فأعتَقَه، فقَضَى عثمانُ -﵁- بالوَلاءِ للزُّبَيرِ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٤٤ - وكَذَلِكَ رَواه الثَّورِىُّ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ عن عُروةَ. أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارمى (٣٢١٦) عن جعفر بن عون به. وابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٦٣) من طريق الأعمش به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٦٤) من طريق الأعمش به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٢٨٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٦٧) من طريق هشام بن عروة به بنحوه، وعند عبد الرزاق بذكر الاختصام عند معاوية بعد ذلك.","vol":"21","page":407},{"text":"أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، أنَّهُما اختَصَما إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- فقَضَى به لِلزُّبَيرِ فى هَذا.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه رَبيعَةُ بنُ أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىُّ عن عثمانَ والزُّبَيرِ -﵄- مُرسَلًا (^١).\n\n٢١٥٤٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن يَحيَى بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ حاطِبٍ، أن الزُّبَيرَ بنَ العَوّامِ -﵁- قَدِمَ خَيبَرَ، فرأى فِتيَةً لُعْسًا ظُرَفاءَ (^٢)، فأعجَبَه ظَرْفُهُم، فسألَ عَنهُم، فقيلَ: هُم مَوالِى لِرافِعِ بنِ خَديجٍ، أُمُّهُم حُرَّةٌ مَولاةٌ لِرافِعِ بنِ خَدِيجٍ، وأبوهُم مَملوكٌ لأشجَعَ أو لِبَعضِ الحُرَقَةِ. فأرسَلَ الزُّبَيرُ -﵁- فاشتَرَى أباهُم فأعتَقَه، ثُمَّ قال لِفِتيَتِه: انتَسِبوا إلَىَّ؛ فإِنَّما أنتُم مَوالِىَّ. فقالَ رافِعٌ: بَل هُم مَوالِىَّ؛ وُلِدوا وأُمُّهُم حُرَّةٌ وأبوهُم مَملوكٌ. فاختَصَما إلَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- فقَضَى بوَلائهِم لِلزُّبَيرِ. هذا هو المَشهورُ عن عثمانَ -﵁-.\nورُوِىَ عن الزُّهرِىِّ عن عثمانَ -﵁- مُنقَطِعًا بخِلافِه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٦٨) من طريق محمد بن إبراهيم به.\n(^٢) اللعس: جمع ألعس، وهو الذى فى شفته سواد. قال الأزهرى: لم يرد به سواد الشفة خاصة، وإنما أراد لعس ألوانهم، سمعت العرب تقول: جارية لعساء. إذا كان فى لونها أدنى سواد فيه شربة حمرة ليست بالناصعة. تهذيب اللغة ١/ ١٨٢، والنهاية ٤/ ٢٥٣. والظرفاء: جمع الظريف، والظَّرْف: البراعة وذكاء القلب. ينظر تهذيب اللغة ٥/ ٤١.","vol":"21","page":408},{"text":"٢١٥٤٦ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أن الزُّبَيرَ -﵁- قَدِمَ خَيبَرَ، فرأى فِتيَةً أعجَبَه حالُهُم، فسألَ عَنهُم، فقيلَ: هُم مَوالِى لِبَنِى حارِثَةَ، أُمُّهُم حُرَّةٌ مَولاةٌ لِبَنِى حارِثَةَ، وأبوهُم مَملوكٌ. فأرسَلَ إلَى أبيهِم فاشتَراه فأعتَقَه، فاختَصَمَ هو وبَنو حارِثَةَ إلَى عثمانَ بنِ عَفّانَ -﵁- فى الوَلاءِ، فقَضى عثمانُ -﵁- بالوَلاءِ لِبَنِى حارِثَةَ، وقالَ عثمانُ -﵁-: الوَلاءُ لا يُجَرُّ. كَذا قال، والرِّوايَةُ الأولَى عن عثمانَ -﵁- أصحُّ بشَواهِدِها، ومَراسيلُ الزُّهرِىِّ رَدِيَّةٌ.\n\n٢١٥٤٧ - أخبرَنا أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الأصبَهانِىُّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هُبَيرَةَ، أن عَليًّا -﵁- قَضَى فى عبدٍ كانَت تَحتَه حُرَّةٌ، فوَلَدَت أولادًا فعَتَقُوا بعَتَاقَةِ أُمِّهِم، ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ أبوهُم بَعدُ؛ أنَّ ولاءَهُم لِعَصَبَةِ أبيهِم.\n\n٢١٥٤٨ - قال: وأنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَزيدَ الرِّشْكِ، أن عَليًّا -﵁- كان يَجُرُّ الوَلاءَ.\n\n٢١٥٤٩ - قال: وأنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن جابِرٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الأسوَدِ بنِ يَزيدَ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ قال: العَبدُ يَجُرُّ ولاءَ ولَدِه إذا أُعتِقَ (^١). قال: وكانَ شُرَيحٌ يَقضِى بوَلاءِ ولَدِه يَعنِى لِمَوالِى الأُمِّ، حَتَّى حَدَّثَه\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٦٩) من طريق سفيان به، ولفظه: \"إذا أعتق الأب جر الولاء\".","vol":"21","page":409},{"text":"الأسوَدُ بقَولِ ابنِ مَسعودٍ فقَضَى به شُرَيحٌ (^١). كَذا قال جابِرٌ الجُعْفِىُّ عن الشَّعبِىِّ عن الأسوَدِ.\n\n٢١٥٥٠ - وقَد أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ العُمَرِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ أبى شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ لا يَكادُ يَرجِعُ عن قَضاءٍ قَضَى به حَتَّى حَدَّثَه الأسوَدُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- أنَّه قال فى الحُرَّةِ تَكونُ تَحتَ العَبدِ فتَلِدُ له أولادًا، ثُمَّ يَعتِقُ أبوهُم: إنَّه يَصيرُ ولاؤُهُم إلَى مَوالِى أبيهِم. فأخَذَ به شُرَيحٌ (^٢). هذا إسنادٌ صَحيحٌ، ويَحتَمِلُ أن يَكونَ الأسوَدُ حَدَّثَه عن عُمَرَ وابنِ مَسعودٍ جَميعًا، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٥٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا الحَجّاجُ بنُ أرطاةَ، عن وبَرَةَ قال: كان شُرَيحٌ يَقضِى فى العَبدِ إذا تَزَوَّجَ الحُرَّةَ وَلَدَت له أولادًا؛ أن الوَلاءَ لأُمَهِم، فقيلَ له: إنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- قَضَى أنَّ الأبَ إذا أُعتِقَ جَرَّ الوَلاءَ. فتَرَكَ شُرَيحٌ ذَلِكَ.\n\n٢١٥٥٢ - وبِإِسنادِه: أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا أشعَثُ بنُ سَوّارٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، أن امرأةً حُرَّةً كانَت تَحتَ عبدٍ، فوَلَدَت له أولادًا، ثُمَّ أُعتِقَ العَبدُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٧٢) من طريق جابر به.\n(^٢) البغوى فى الجعديات (١٩٠). وأخرجه الدارمى (٣٢١٣) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"21","page":410},{"text":"فقَضَى شُرَيحٌ بجَرِّ الوَلاءِ.\n\n٢١٥٥٣ - وبِإِسنادِه: أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا زَكَريّا بنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ أنَّه سُئلَ عن مَملوكٍ له بَنونَ مِن حُرَّةٍ، ولِلعَبدِ أبٌ حُرٌّ، فقيلَ: لمن ولاءُ ولَدِه؟ فقالَ: لِمَوالِى الجَدِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4427>بابُ ما جاءَ فى العَبدِ يَفِرُّ إلَى المُسلِميَن ثُمَّ يَجِئُ سَيِّدُه فيُسلِمُ</span>\n\n٢١٥٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، عن عُروةَ، عن غَيْلانَ بنِ سلمةَ، أن رافِعًا (^١) أبا السّائبِ كان عبدًا لِغَيْلانَ فرَّ إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فأسْلمَ (^٢) فأعتَقَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ أسلَمَ غَيلانُ، فرَدَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولاءَه إلَى غَيْلانَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٥٥ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا إبراهيمُ (^٤)، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- كان إذا حاصَرَ حِصنًا فأتاه أحَدٌ مِنَ العَبيدِ أعتَقَه، فإِذا أسلَمَ مَولاهُ رَدَّ ولاءَه عَلَيه. هذا مُنقَطِعٌ، وابنُ لَهيعَةَ\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ، والذى فى مصادر التخريج أن اسمه نافع. ينظر: أسد الغابة ٥/ ٣٠٢، والإصابة ١١/ ٤١.\n(^٢) ليس فى: الأصل، س.\n(^٣) أخرجه البزار (١٣٢٢ - كشف)، والطبرانى ١٨/ ٢٦٣ (٦٥٩)، وأبو نعيم فى معرفة الصحابة (٦٤٤٧) من طريق ابن لهيعة به. وابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٤٨/ ١٣٣. وعند الطبرانى: \"ابن لهيعة عن ابن يزيد عن عروة\"، وعند أبى نعيم: \"عن عروة بن غيلان بن سلمة\" ولم يذكر أباه. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ٢٤٦: رواه الطبرانى ونيه ابن لهيعة وحديثه حسن وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله ثقات.\n(^٤) بعده فى أصل المصنف: \"بن على\".","vol":"21","page":411},{"text":"يَنفَرِدُ به، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\nورَواه محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ يَسارٍ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ المُكَدَّمِ الثَّقَفِىِّ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فيمَن خَرَجَ إلَيه مِن عَبيدِ أهلِ الطّائفِ: ثُمَّ وفَدَ أهلُ الطّائفِ فأسلَموا، فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، رُدَّ عَلَينا رَقيقَنا الَّذينَ أتَوْكَ. فقالَ: \"لا، أولَئكَ عُتَقاءُ اللَّهِ\". ورَدَّ على كُل رَجُلٍ ولاءَ عبدِهِ. وهُو أيضًا إسنادُه مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ الجِزيَةِ (^١).\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٨٨٧٢).","vol":"21","page":412},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4428>كتابُ المدبَّرِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4429>باب: المُدَبَّرُ يَجوزُ بَيعُه مَتَى شاءَ مالكُهُ</span>\n\n٢١٥٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عارِمٌ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ ومُسَدَّدٌ قالوا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أعتَقَ مَملوكًا له عن دُبُرٍ، لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن يَشتَريهِ؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ فدَفَعَها إلَيه، سَمِعتُ جابِرًا يقولُ: عبدًا قِبطيًّا ماتَ عامَ الأوَّلِ (^١). لَفظُ عارِمٍ.\n\n٢١٥٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِي أبو يَعلَى، حدثنا أبو الرَّبيعِ الزَّهرانِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ. فذَكَرَه بإِسنادِه مِثلَه إلَّا أنَّه قال: أعتَقَ غُلامًا له عن دُبُرٍ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى النُّعمانِ عارِمٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الرَّبيعِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا آدَمُ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٧٥) دون ذكر سليمان ومسدد. وأخرجه ابن حبان (٤٩٣٠) من طريق حماد بن زيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو الفضل الزهرى فى حديثه (١٢٦) من طريق أبى الربيع سليمان بن داود به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٦٩٤٧)، ومسلم (٩٩٧/ ٥٨).","vol":"21","page":413},{"text":"عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىَّ يقولُ: أعتَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا عبدًا له عن دُبُرٍ، فدَعا به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فباعَه. قال جابِرٌ: إنَّما ماتَ الغُلامُ عامَ أوَّلَ (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن آدَمَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ البَصرِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الصَّبّاحِ الزَّعفَرانىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ قال: سَمِعَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ غُلامًا له لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فباعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. قال جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ: اشتَراه ابنُ النَّحّامِ، عبدًا قِبطيًّا ماتَ عامَ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ وإِسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه، كُلُّهُم عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينة (^٤).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ وعَلِىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ والحُمَيدِىُّ عن سُفيانَ (^٥).\n\n٢١٥٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٥٨)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٩٧، ٤٩٩٨) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٧٣). وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢١٩)، وابن ماجه (٢٥١٣) من طريق سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) البخارى (٢٢٣١)، ومسلم (٩٩٧/ ٥٩).\n(^٥) أحمد (١٤٣١١)، والحميدى (١٢٢٢).","vol":"21","page":414},{"text":"سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ وعن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، سَمِعا جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا غُلامًا له لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يَشتَريه مِنِّى؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعَيمٌ النَّحّامُ. قال عمرٌو: فسَمِعتُ جابِرًا يقولُ: عبدًا قِبطيًّا ماتَ عامَ أوَّلَ فى إمارَةِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ. وزادَ أبو الزُّبَيرِ: يُقالُ له: يَعقوبُ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ: هَكَذا سَمِعتُه مِنه عامَّةَ دَهرِى، ثُمَّ وجَدتُ فى كِتابِى: دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنّا غُلامًا له فماتَ. فإِمّا أن يَكونَ خَطَأً مِن كِتابِى أو خَطَأً مِن سُفيانَ، فإِن كان مِن سُفيانَ فابنُ جُرَيجٍ أحفَظُ لِحَديثِ أبى الزُّبَيرِ مِن سُفيانَ، ومَعَ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ حَديثُ اللَّيثِ وغَيرِه، وأبو الزُّبَيرِ يَحُدُّ الحديثَ تَحديدًا يُخبِرُ فيه حَياةَ الَّذِى دَبَّرَه، وحَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ مَعَ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ وغَيرِه أحفَظُ لِحَديثِ عمرٍو مِن سُفيانَ وحدَه، وقَد يُستَدَلُّ على حِفظِ الحديثِ مِن خَطئِه بأقَلَّ مِمّا وجَدتُ، فقَد أخبرَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِمَّن لَقِىَ سُفيانَ بنَ عُيَينَةَ قَديمًا أنَّه لَم يَكُنْ يُدخِلُ فى حَديثِه: ماتَ. وعَجِبَ بَعضهُم حينَ أخبَرتُه أنِّى وجَدتُ فى كِتابِى: ماتَ. وقالَ: لَعَلَّ هذا خَطأٌ عنه أو زَلَلًا (^١) مِنه حَفِظتَها عنه (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: أمّا حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ فقَد ذكَرناه ومَعَه حَديثُ شُعبَةَ عن عمرٍو، وأمّا حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن عمرٍو:\n\n٢١٥٦١ - فأخبَرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا:\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ، وكتب فوقه فى الأصل: \"كذا\". وفى الأم ٨/ ١٦: \"زلة\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧٥)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٥، ١٦.","vol":"21","page":415},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ حَسّانَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَديثِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ عن عمرٍو (^١).\nوأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٢١٥٦٢ - فأخبَرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مُسلِمُ بنُ خالِدٍ وعَبدُ المَجيدِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: إنَّ أبا مَذكورٍ -رَجُل مِن بَنِى عُذرَةَ- كان له غُلامٌ قِبطِىٌّ فأعتَقَه عن دُبُرٍ مِنه، وإِنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- سَمِعَ بذَلِكَ العَبدِ فباعَ العَبدَ وقالَ: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم فقيرًا فليَبدأْ بنَفسِه، فإنْ كان له فضلٌ فليَبدأْ مَعَ نَفسِه بمَن يَعولُ، ثُمَّ إنْ وجَدَ بعدَ ذَلِكَ فضلًا فليَتَصَدَّقْ على غَيرِهِم\" (^٢).\nوأمّا حَديثُ اللَّيثِ بنِ سَعدٍ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٢١٥٦٣ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يونُسَ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا محمدُ بنُ شاذانَ وأحمَدُ بنُ سلمةَ قالا: حدثنا قُتيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، أنبأنا اللَّيثُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أعتَقَ رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عُذرَةَ عبدًا له عن دُبُرٍ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ألَكَ مالٌ غَيرُهُ؟ \". فقالَ: لا.\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧٤)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٥.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧١)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٥.","vol":"21","page":416},{"text":"فقالَ: \"مَن يَشتَريه مِنِّى؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ العَدَوِىُّ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فجاءَ بها إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَفَعَها إلَيه، ثُمَّ قال: \"ابدأْ بنَفسِكَ فتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيها، فإِنْ فضَلَ شَئٌ فلأهلِكَ، فإِن فضَلَ عن أهلِكَ شَئٌ فلِذِى قَرابَتِكَ، فإِنْ فضَلَ عن ذِى قَرابَتِكَ فهَكَذا وهَكَذا\". يقولُ: فبَينَ يَدَيكَ، وعن يَمينِكَ، وعن شِمالِكَ (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ رُمحٍ (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه أيّوبُ بنُ أبى تَميمَةَ السَّختيانِىُّ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٢١٥٦٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ يُقالُ له: أبو مَذكورٍ أعتَقَ غُلامًا له يُقالُ له: يَعقوبُ عن دُبُرٍ، لَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فدَعا به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن يَشتَريهِ؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ النَّحّامِ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فدَفَعَها إليه (^٣) وقالَ: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم فقيرًا فليَبدأْ بنَفسِه، فإِنْ كان فيها فضلٌ فعَلَى عيالِه، فإِنْ كان فضلٌ فعَلَى ذِى قَرابَتِه أو ذِى رَحِمِه، فإِنْ كان فضلٌ فههنا وههنا\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٥٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الشعب (٣٤٢٠). وتقدم فى (٧٨٣٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٩٧/ ٤١).\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"إلى رسول اللَّه -ﷺ-\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٧٦)، وأبو داود (٣٩٥٧)، وأحمد (١٤٢٧٣). وأخرجه النسائى (٤٦٦٧) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم به. وابن حبان (٤٩٣٤) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"21","page":417},{"text":"محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ وأحمَدُ ابْنَا (^١) إبراهيمَ الدَّورَقِىِّ قالا: حدثنا إسماعيلُ ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ. فذَكَرَه. رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن يَعقوبَ الدَّورَقِىِّ (^٢).\nوأمّا حَديثُ حَمّادِ بنِ سلمةَ عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ:\n\n٢١٥٦٦ - فأخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمة، عن (ح) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا أبو الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن قَومِه أعتَقَ غُلامًا له عن دُبُرٍ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"هَل لَكَ شَئ غَيرُهُ؟ \". قال: لا. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن يَشتَريه مِنِّى؟ \". فاشتَراه نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فدَفَعَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَيه وقالَ: \"أنفِقْ على نَفسِكَ، فإِنْ فضَلَ فضلٌ فعَلَى أهلِكَ، فإِنْ فضَلَ فضلٌ فعَلَى قَرابَتِكَ، فإِنْ فضَلَ فضلٌ فههُنا وههنا وههنا\" (^٣). لَفظُ حَديثِ حَجّاجٍ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى داودَ: أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ مَملوكًا له عن دُبُرٍ، فبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ألَكَ شَئٌ غَيرُه؟ \". والباقِى بمَعناه. قال يونُسُ: وأشارَ أبو داودَ بيَدِه أمامَه وعن يَمينِه وعن يَسارِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أنبأ\".\n(^٢) مسلم (٩٩٧) عقب (٤١).\n(^٣) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (١٨٥٤). وأخرجه الشافعى ٨/ ١٥ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.","vol":"21","page":418},{"text":"وكَذَلِكَ رَواه زُهَيرُ بنُ مُعاويَةَ وغَيرُه عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ (^١).\nوثَبَتَ فى ذَلِكَ أيضًا عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n٢١٥٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المِصرِىُّ، حدثنا\nمالكُ بنُ يَحيَى أبو غَسّانَ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ الخَفّافُ، حدثنا حُسَينٌ المُعَلِّمُ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ غُلامًا له عن دُبُرٍ فاحتاجَ، فأخَذَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"مَن يَشتَريه مِنِّى؟ \". فاشتَراه مِنه نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، فدَفَعَ إلَيه ثَمَنَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٦٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الكَعبِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن حُسَينٍ (^٣) المُكْتِبِ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن حُسَينٍ المُعَلِّمِ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ بمِثلِ إسنادِ الخَفّافِ ومَتنِه (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن بشرِ بنِ محمدٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه البغوى فى الجعديات (٢٦٣٧) من طريق زهير بن معاوية به.\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٤٩٩٩) من طريق حسين المعلم به.\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"بن\".\n(^٤) ابن المبارك فى مسنده (٢٢١). وأخرجه أبو نجم فى معرفة الصحابة (٧٣٠) من طريق يوسف بن يعقوب القاضى به.","vol":"21","page":419},{"text":"ابنِ المُبارَكِ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ هاشِمٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ القَطّانِ (^١).\n\n٢١٥٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ نُصَيرٍ الخُلدِىُّ، حدثنا موسَى بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا المُغيرَةُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عبدِ المَجيدِ بنِ سُهَيلٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أعتَقَ غُلامًا (^٢) عن دُبُرٍ وكانَ مُحتاجًا، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فدَعاه فقالَ: \"أعتَقتَ غُلامَكَ؟ \". فقالَ: نَعَم. فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أنتَ أحوَجُ إلَيه\". ثُمَّ قال: \"مَن يَشتَريهِ؟ \". فقالَ نُعَيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ: أنا. فاشتَراه، فأخَذَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ثَمَنَه فدَفَعَه إلَى صاحِبِهِ (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ بنِ سعيدٍ (^٤).\n\n٢١٥٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو عثمانُ بنُ أحمدَ (^٥) السَّمّاكُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن أصحابِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أعتَقَ عبدًا عن دُبُرٍ ولَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢١٤١)، ومسلم ٣/ ١٢٩٠ (٩٩٧) عقب (٥٩).\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"له\".\n(^٣) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٨١٦٤) عن موسى بن هارون به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٠٠، ٥٩٧٩) عن قتيبة بن سعيد به.\n(^٤) مسلم ٣/ ١٢٩٠ (٩٩٧) عقب (٥٩).\n(^٥) بعده فى س، م: \"بن\". وضرب عليها فى الأصل، وقد تقدم مرارًا بالوجهين.","vol":"21","page":420},{"text":"غَيرُه، فباعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بثَمانِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ ودَفَعَه إلَى مَولاه (^١). أخرَجَه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن وجهَينِ آخَرَينِ عن إسماعيلَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٧١ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ، وإِسماعيلَ (^٣) بنِ أبى خالِدٍ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ غُلامًا عن دُبُرٍ مِنه ولَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فأمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فبِيعَ بتِسعِمِائَةِ (^٤) أو بسَبعِمِائَةِ دِرهمٍ (^٥). هذا هو الصحيحُ.\n\n٢١٥٧٢ - ورَواه شَريكُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ عن عَطاءٍ وأبِى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا ماتَ وتَرَكَ مُدَبَّرًا ودَينًا، فأمَرَهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أن يَبيعوه فى دَينِه، فباعوه بثَمانِمِائَةٍ.\nأخبَرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ والعباسُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٧٧). وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٧٢)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٠٣) من طريق محمد بن عبيد به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٢٣٠، ٧١٨٦).\n(^٣) هشيم يروى عن عبد الملك وعن إسماعيل. ينظر عون المعبود ٤/ ٤٨، وينظر الحديث (٢٢٠٧٣).\n(^٤) بعده فى س، م: \"درهم\".\n(^٥) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٤١، ٤٤٢)، وأبو داود (٣٩٥٥) من طريق هشيم به.","vol":"21","page":421},{"text":"محمدٍ وإبراهيمُ بنُ هانِئٍ قالوا: حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا شَريكٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\nقالَ أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ: قَولُ شَريكٍ: أنَّ رَجُلًا ماتَ. خَطأٌ مِنه؛ لأنَّ فى حَديثِ الأعمَشِ عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيلٍ: ودَفَعَ ثَمَنَه إلَيه، وقالَ: \"اقضِ دَينَكَ\". وكَذَلِكَ رَواه عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وأبو الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ أنَّ سَيِّدَ المُدَبَّرِ كان حَيًّا يَومَ بَيعِ المُدَبَّرِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: لا يَشُكُّ أهلُ العِلمِ فى الحديثِ فى خَطأِ شَريكٍ فى هَذا، وإِنَّما وقَعَ هذا الخَطأُ له ولِغَيرِه بما:\n\n٢١٥٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبِ بنِ حَربٍ، حدثنا أبو غَسّانَ المِسمَعِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن مَطَرٍ، عن عَطاءِ بنِ أبى رَباحٍ وأبِى الزُّبَيرِ وعَمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، أنَّ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أعتَقَ مَملوكَه إنْ حَدَثَ به حَدَث فماتَ، فدَعا به النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فباعَه مِن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أحَدِ بَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ (^٣). رَواه مسلم فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى غَسّانَ، إلَّا أنَّه لَم يَسُقْ مَتنَه وأحالَ به على رِوايَةِ حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ (^٤).\nوقَولُه: إن حَدَثَ به حَدَثٌ فماتَ. مِن شَرطِ العِتقِ ولَيسَ بإِخبارٍ عن\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٩. وأخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٣٤)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٩٣٩) من طريق أبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين به.\n(^٢) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٩.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٨٠٧) من طريق أبى غسان المسمعى به.\n(^٤) مسلم ٣/ ١٢٨٩ (٩٩٧) عقب (٥٩).","vol":"21","page":422},{"text":"مَوتِ المُعتِقِ، ومِن هُنا وقَعَ الغَلَطُ لِبَعضِ الرّواةِ فى ذِكرِ وفاةِ الرَّجُلِ فيه عِندَ البَيعِ، وإِنَّما ذَكَرَ وفاتَه فى شَرطِ العِتقِ يَومَ التَّدبيرِ، والَّذِى يَدُلُّ عَلَيه رِوايَةُ الجُمهورِ.\n\n٢١٥٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو القاسِمِ الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَبيبٍ المُفَسِّرُ مِن أصلِه وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ إسحاقُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ السّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ بنِ مَزيَدٍ، أخبرَنِى أبى، حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ قال: سَمِعتُ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: جَعَلَ رَجُلٌ لِغُلامِه العِتقَ مِن بَعدِه، فباعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إلَيه ثَمَنَه وقالَ: \"أنتَ إلَى ثَمَنِه أحوَجُ، واللَّهُ عنه غَنِىٌّ\" (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه بشرُ بنُ بكرٍ عن الأوزاعِىِّ ذَكَرَ فيه سَماعَ الأوزاعِىِّ مِن عَطاءٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٧٥ - ورَواه الوَليدُ بنُ مَزيَدٍ عَقيبَه قال: حدثنا الأوزاعِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عَمّارٍ عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: أعتَقَ رَجُلٌ غُلامًا له ولَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فباعَه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إلَيه ثَمَنَه وقالَ: \"أنتَ إلَى ثَمَنِه أحوَجُ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٨٠٨) عن العباس بن الوليد بن مزيد به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٠١) من طريق الأوزاعى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٩٥٦)، وابن حبان (٤٩٣٣) من طريق بشر بن بكر به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٤٧).","vol":"21","page":423},{"text":"واللَّهُ [عنه غنىٌّ] (^١) \". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ السّوسِىُّ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا العباسُ، أخبرَنِى أبى. فذَكَرَه. وكأنَّ الأوزاعِىَّ سَقَطَ عَلَيه قَولُه: لَيسَ له مال غَيرُه. فرَواه عن أبى عَمّارٍ عن عَطاءٍ.\n\n٢١٥٧٦ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ عن ابنِ فُضَيلٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا بأسَ ببَيعِ خِدمَةِ المُدَبَّرِ إذا احتاجَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ ذَرِيحٍ العُكبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ فُضَيلٍ، حدثنا عبدُ المَلِكِ (^٢). وهَذا خَطأٌ مِنِ ابنِ طَريفٍ:\nأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأَنا أبو الحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِىُّ الحافظُ قال عَقِيبَ هذا الحديثِ: هذا خَطأٌ مِنِ ابنِ طَريفٍ، والصَّوابُ: عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ مُرسَلًا (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ رَحِمَنا اللَّهُ وإيّاه دَخَلَ له حَديثٌ فى حَديثٍ؛ لأنَّ الثِّقاتِ إنَّما رَوَوا عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ غُلامًا عن دُبُرٍ مِنه ولَم يَكُنْ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فأمَرَ به\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"غنى عنه\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٩٣٤)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨ من طريق محمد بن طريف به.\n(^٣) سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨.","vol":"21","page":424},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فبيعَ بتِسعِمِائَةٍ أو بسَبعِمِائَةٍ.\nوعن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى سُلَيمانَ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ قال: باعَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خِدمَةَ المُدَبَّرِ.\n\n٢١٥٧٧ - أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن عَطاءٍ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^١). وكَذَلِكَ رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ عن هُشَيمٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٢). وقالَ مُسلِمُ بنُ الحَجّاجِ: رِوايَةُ ابنِ فُضَيلٍ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ عن عَطاءٍ وهْمٌ فى الإسنادِ والمَتنِ جَميعًا (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٧٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا هُشَيم، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- إنَّما باعَ خِدمَةَ المُدَبَّرِ (^٤). وبِمَعناه رَواه يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ عن عبدِ المَلِكِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٥٧٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو خالِدٍ الأحمَرُ، عن شُعبَةَ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم قريبًا فى (٢١٥٧١).\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"عن عطاء\". والحديث عند أبى داود (٣٩٥٥).\n(^٣) التمييز ١/ ١٩٨.\n(^٤) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٤٣) من طريق هشيم به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.","vol":"21","page":425},{"text":"الحَكَمِ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ قال: باعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- خِدمَةَ المُدَبَّرِ (^١).\nورَواه أيضًا جابِز الجُعفِىُّ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ هَكَذا مُرسَلًا (^٢).\nوذَكَرَه الشّافِعِىُّ فى القَديمِ عن حَجّاجٍ يَعنِى ابنَ أرطاةَ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ (^٣)، وأجابَ عنه فى الجَديدِ بما:\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ: قال قائلٌ: رُوِّينا عن أبى جَعفَرٍ محمدِ بنِ علىٍّ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- إنَّما باعَ خِدمَةَ المُدَبَّرِ. فقُلتُ له: ما رَوَى هذا عن أبى جَعفَرٍ -فيما عَلِمتُ- أحَدٌ يَثبُتُ حَديثُه، ولَو رَواه مَن يَثبُتُ حَديثُه ما كان [فيه لك] (^٤) الحُجَّةُ مِن وُجوهٍ. قال: وما هِىَ؟ قُلتُ: أنتَ لا تُثبِتُ المُنقَطِعَ لَو لَم يُخالِفْه غَيرُه، فكَيفَ تُثبِتُ المُنقَطِعَ يُخالِفُهَ المُتَّصِلُ الثابِتُ لَو كان يُخالِفُه؟! قال: فهَل يُخالِفُه؟ قُلتُ: لَيسَ بحَديثٍ فأحتاجَ إلَى ذِكرِه. قال: فاذكُرْه على ما فيه عِندَكَ. قُلتُ: لَو ثَبَتَ كان يَجوزُ اْنْ أقولَ: باعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- رَقَبَةَ مُدَبَّرٍ كما حَدَّثَ جابِرٌ، وخِدمَةَ مُدَبَّرٍ كما حَدَّثَ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ. وأطالَ الكَلامَ فى الجَوابِ عنه (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٣٧١).\n(^٢) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨ من طريق جابر الجعفى به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٨٣).\n(^٤) فى م: \"له فى ذلك\".\n(^٥) الأم ٨/ ٢٨.","vol":"21","page":426},{"text":"وقَد وصَلَه عبدُ الغَفّارِ بنُ القاسِمِ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ عن جابِرٍ (^١). وعَبدُ الغَفّارِ هذا كان علىُّ بنُ المَدينِىِّ يَرميه بالوَضعِ (^٢).\nووَصَلَه أيضًا أبو شَيبَةَ إبراهيمُ بنُ عثمانَ عن عثمانَ بنِ عُمَيرٍ عن أبى جَعفَرٍ عن جابِرٍ، وأبو شَيبَةَ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ بأمثالِه (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِى عن مُجاهِدٍ ومُحَمَّدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ نَحوُ رِوايَةِ عَطاءٍ وعَمرٍو وأبِى الزُّبَيرِ عن جابِرٍ:\nأمّا حَديثُ مُجاهِدٍ:\n\n٢١٥٨٠ - فأخبَرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الإمامُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ سَعدٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن ابنِ (^٤) إسحاقَ قال: وحَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى نَجيحٍ وأبانُ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ أبى الحَجّاجِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأنصارِىِّ قال: كان فى مَسجِدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى عُذرَةَ يُقالُ له: أبو المَذكورِ، وكانَ له عبدٌ قِبطِىٌّ فأعتَقَه عن دُبُرٍ مِنه، ثُمَّ احتاجَ، فقالَ له رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان أحَدُكُم ذا حاجَة فليَبدأْ بنَفسِه\". قال: فباعَه مِن نُعَيمِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ أخِى بَنِى عَدِىِّ بنِ كَعبٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٧ من طريق عبد الغفار به.\n(^٢) هو عبد الغفار بن القاسم بن قيس بن قهد -بالقاف- أبو مريم الأنصارى الكوفى. ينظر الكلام عليه -ومنه كلام ابن المدينى- فى: الضعفاء والمتروكين لابن الجوزى ٢/ ١١٢، والمغنى فى الضعفاء ٢/ ٤٠١.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٦٨٣).\n(^٤) فى س، م: \"أبى\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ٢٤/ ٤٠٥.","vol":"21","page":427},{"text":"بثَمانِمِائَةٍ، فانتَفَعَ بها (^١).\nفكانَ مُجاهِدٌ وفُقَهاءُ أهلِ مَكَّةَ يَرَونَ التَّدبيرَ وصيَّةً صاحِبُها فيها بالخيارِ ما عاشَ، يُمضِى فيها ما شاءَ ويَرُدُّ مِنها ما شاءَ.\nوأمّا حَديثُ ابنِ المُنكَدِرِ عن جابِرٍ:\n\n٢١٥٨١ - فأخبَرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ عبدًا له لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فرَدَّه عَلَيه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-، فابتاعَه نُعَيمُ بنُ النَّحّامِ (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عاصِمِ بنِ علىٍّ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو حُفَيصٍ، حدثنا عُقبَةُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا سَلْمُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا دَبَّرَ عبدًا له، فأمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- ببَيعِه، فابتاعَه رَجُلٌ يُقالُ له: نُعَيمٌ.\n\n٢١٥٨٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ سلمةَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (١٤٩٨٧)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٩٢٣، ٤٩٢٤) من طريق ابن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٢٢٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٠٨) من طريق ابن أبى ذئب به.\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٤١٥).","vol":"21","page":428},{"text":"المَدَنِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُنكَدِرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ عبدًا له لَيسَ له مالٌ غَيرُه، فرَدَّه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فى الرِّقِّ، ثُمَّ باعَه وأعطاه ثَمَنَه (^١).\nهذه الرِّواياتُ الثَّلاثُ بمَجموعِهِنَّ يُؤَدّينَ تَمامَ الحَديثِ.\n\n٢١٥٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أخبرَنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه قال: باعَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مُدَبَّرًا احتاجَ صاحِبُه إلَى ثَمَنِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالك، عن أبى الرِّجالِ محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن أُمِّه عَمْرَةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- دَبَّرَت جاريَةً لها فسَحَرَتها فاعتَرَفَت بالسِّحرِ فأمَرَت بها عائشَةُ -﵂- أن تُباعَ مِنَ الأعرابِ مِمَّن يُسِئُ مَلَكَتَها، فبيعَت (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٨٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: المُدَبَّرُ وصيَّةٌ يَرجِعُ فيه صاحِبُه مَتَى شاءَ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٩٢٧) من طريق محمد بن أبى بكر المقدمى به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧٦)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٦٠) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧٧)، والشافعى ٧/ ٢٤٣. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٨٧٤٩) عن مالك به بنحوه.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٧٩)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٧٣)، وسعيد بن =","vol":"21","page":429},{"text":"٢١٥٨٧ - وبِإِسنادِه: أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن أيّوبَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ باعَ مُدَبَّرًا فى دَينِ صاحِبِه (^١).\n\n٢١٥٨٨ - وبِإِسنادِه: أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ مُسلِمٍ، عن طاوُسٍ قال: يَعودُ الرَّجُلُ فى مُدَبَّرِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٨٩ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا الثِّقَةُ، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن ابنِ طاوُسٍ قال: سألَنِى ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ: كَيفَ كان أبوكَ يقولُ فى المُدَبَّرِ، أيَبيعُه صاحِبُهُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: كان يَبيعُه إذا احتاجَ إلَى ثَمَنِه. فقالَ ابنُ المُنكَدِرِ: ويَبيعُه وإنْ (^٣) لَم يَحتَجْ (^٤).\n\n٢١٥٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن لَيثٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: ما أعتَقَ الرَّجُلُ مِن رَقيقِه فى مَرَضِه فهِىَ وصيَّةٌ إن شاءَ رَجَعَ فيها (^٥).\n\n٢١٥٩١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ\n_________\n= منصور (٤٥٤) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨٠)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٦٨)، عن معمر به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨١)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٣٨١، ١٦٦٧٠) عن معمر به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"إن\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨٢)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٦٦) عن معمر به.\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٢٦). وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٣٩: منقطع، وليث ليس بحجة.","vol":"21","page":430},{"text":"سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن طاوُسٍ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا أنْ يَعودَ الرَّجُلُ فى عَتاقتِه (^١).\n\n٢١٥٩٢ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن هِشامٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: إذا أوصَى الرَّجُلُ فإِنَّه يُغَيِّرُ وصيَّتَه بما شاءَ. فقيلَ: العَتاقَةُ؟ قال: العَتاقَةُ وغَيرُ العَتاقَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4430>بابُ مَن قال: لا يُباعُ المُدَبَّرُ</span>\n\n٢١٥٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن الحَجّاجِ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ -﵁- قال: لا يُباعُ المُدَبَّرُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٥٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا حَمّاد، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: لا يُباعُ المُدَبَّرُ (^٤). هذا هو (^٥) الصحيحُ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مِن قَولِه مَوقوفًا.\nوقَد رُوِىَ مَرفوعًا بإِسنادٍ ضَعيفٍ:\n\n٢١٥٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىُّ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ قالا: أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"عتاقه\". والحديث عند ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٣١).\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٢٧٨٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٢٦) عن حفص بن غياث به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٣٦)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨ من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.","vol":"21","page":431},{"text":"العَلاءِ الكاتِبُ وأحمَدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ وجَماعَةٌ قالوا: حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ أبو مُعاويَةَ الجَزَرِىُّ، عن عَمِّه عَبِيدَةَ بنِ حَسّانَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُدَبَّرُ لا يُباعُ ولا يوهَبُ، وهو حُرٌّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ\". قال علىٌّ: لَم يُسنِدْه غَيرُ عَبِيدَةَ بنِ حَسّانَ، وهو ضَعيفٌ، وإِنَّما هو عن ابنِ عُمَرَ مَوقوفٌ مِن قَولِه، ولا يَثبُتُ مَرفوعًا (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4431>باب: المُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ</span>\n\n٢١٥٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ ظَبيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: المُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قال لِى علىُّ بنُ ظَبيانَ: كُنتُ أُحدِّثُ به مَرفوعًا، فقالَ لِى أصحابِى: لَيسَ بمَرفوعٍ، وهو مَوقوفٌ على ابنِ عُمَرَ. فوَقَفتُه، والحُفّاظُ يَقِفونَه على ابنِ عُمَرَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٩٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سلمةَ اللَّبَقِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ ظَبيانَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"المُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ\".\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه عثمانُ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ وعَلِىُّ بنُ مُسلِمٍ وسُفيانُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨. وتقدم الكلام على عبيدة بن حسان عقب (١١٥٩٨).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨٤)، والشافعى ٨/ ١٨.","vol":"21","page":432},{"text":"وكيعٍ وغَيرُهُم عن علىِّ بنِ ظَبيانَ مَرفوعًا (^١)، والصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ كما رَواه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀.\nورُوِىَ ذَلِكَ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ مُرسَلًا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-:\n\n٢١٥٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ بها، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا حاجِبُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، حدثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أعتَقَ عبدًا له عن دُبُرٍ، فجَعَلَه النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- مِنَ الثُّلُثِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٥٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامدٍ (^٣) أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ والغَزِّىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ أنَّه كان يَجعَلُه مِنَ الثُّلُثِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعٍ، عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن الحَسَنِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسعودٍ قال:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥١٤) عن عثمان بن أبى شيبة به، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٨ من طريق على بن مسلم به. وابن عدى فى الكامل ٥/ ١٨٣٣ من طرق عن ثلاثتهم به. وفى الزوائد: فى إسناده على بن ظبيان ضعفه ابن معين وأبو هاشم وغير واحد، وكذبه ابن معين أيضًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٧٦)، وأبو داود فى المراسيل (٣٥١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) فى م: \"حازم\". وينظر لسان الميزان ١/ ٢٢٣.\n(^٤) سفيان الثورى فى الفرائض ١/ ٤٤، ومن طريقه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٥٣)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢١٧٣).","vol":"21","page":433},{"text":"يَعتِقُ مِن ثُلُثِهِ (^١).\nورُوّينا ذَلِكَ عن شُرَيحٍ وإِبراهيمَ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4432>باب: المُدَبَّرُ يَجنِى فيُباعُ فى أرشِ جِنايَتِه إلَّا أنْ يَفديَه سَيِّدُهُ</span>\n\n٢١٦٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ طَريفٍ البَجَلِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ، عن أبيه، عن حَبيبِ بنِ أبى ثابِتٍ عن عَطاءٍ عن جابِرٍ، أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- باعَ مُدَبَّرًا فى دَينٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا وكيعٌ، عن ابنِ أبى ذِئبٍ، عن ابنِ (^٤) محمدِ بنِ إبراهيمَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن أبيه، عن السَّلولِىِّ الأعوَرِ، عن مُعاذِ بنِ جَبَلٍ، عن أبى عُبَيدَةَ قال: جِنايَةُ المُدَبَّرِ على سَيِّدِهِ (^٥).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4433>بابُ كِتابَةِ المُدَبَّرِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن أبى حَمزَةَ السُّكَّرِىِّ، عن يَزيدَ النَّحْوِىِّ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: دَبَّرَتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٠٦٦) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة عقب (٢٢٠٦٤، ٢٢٠٦٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٥٨١٤)، وابن الأعرابى فى معجمه (١٠٣٥) من طريق محمد بن طريف به.\n(^٤) ليس فى: م. وينظر الجرح والتعديل ٨/ ١٥٩.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٧٢) عن وكيع به.","vol":"21","page":434},{"text":"امرأةٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ خادِمًا لها، ثُمَّ أرادَت أنْ تُكاتِبَه فكَتَبَت إلَى أبى هريرةَ، فقالَ: كاتِبيه، فإِنْ أدَّى مُكاتبَتَه فذاكَ، فإِنْ حَدَثَ -يَعنِى ماتَت- عَتَقَ. وأُراه قال: ما كان لها. يَعنِى ما كان لها مِن كِتابَتِه شَئٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4434>بابُ وطءِ المُدَبَّرَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه دَبَّرَ جاريَتَينِ له، فكانَ يَطَؤُهُما وهُما مُدَبَّرَتانِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٠٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ هو الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وأُسامَةُ بنُ زَيدٍ اللَّيثِىُّ ويونُسُ بنُ يَزيدَ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ. فذَكَراه بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4435>بابُ ما جاءَ فى ولَدِ المُدَبَّرَةِ مِن غَيِر سَيِّدِها بعدَ تَدبيِرها</span>\nذَكَرَ الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فيهِم قَولَينِ، أحَدُهُما أنَّهُم بمَنزِلَتِها يَعتِقونَ بعِتقِها ويَرِقّونَ برِقِّها. قال: وقَد قال هذا بَعضُ أهلِ العِلمِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٥٣) عن ابن المبارك به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨٥)، والشافعى ٨/ ٢٥، ومالك ٢/ ٨١٤.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٩٧) عن عبد اللَّه بن عمر عن نافع به.\n(^٤) الأم ٨/ ٢٦.","vol":"21","page":435},{"text":"حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا لَيثٌ، عن يَزيدَ، عن أبى النَّضرِ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ يَعقوبَ مَولَى الحُرَقَةِ -بَطنٌ مِن بُطونِ جُهَينَةَ- قال: أنكَحَ سَيِّدُ جَدَّتِى عبدًا له (^١) ثُمَّ أعتَقَها عن دُبُرٍ وقَد ولَدَت أولادًا بعدَ عِتقِها عن دُبُرٍ، ثُمَّ تُوفِّىَ سَيِّدُها فخاصَمَت إلَى عثمانَ -﵁-، فقَضَى أنَّ ما ولَدَت قبلَ أنْ تُدَبَّرَ عَبيدٌ، وما ولَدَت بعدَ التَّدبيرِ يَعتِقونَ بعِتقِها (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ عن نافِعٍ عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: ولَدُ المُدَبَّرَةِ بمَنزِلَتِها؛ يَعتِقونَ بعِتقِها ويَرِقّونَ برِقِّها (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٠٨ - ورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ فقالَ فى الحديثِ: المُدَبَّرَةُ ولَدُها بمَنزِلَتِها إذا ولَدَت وهِىَ مُدَبَّرَةٌ. أخبَرَناه أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ السُّلَمِىُّ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عمرٍو الغَزِّىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٠٩ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ، حدثنا زاهِرٌ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) كذا والذى فى مصدر التخريج: \"أنكح سيدُ جدتى جدتى عبدًا له\".\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٩٤٠) من طريق الليث بن سعد به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٩٧). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٨٦)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٧ من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به.\n(^٤) الثورى فى الفرائض (٦١)، ومن طريقه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٩٤٠).","vol":"21","page":436},{"text":"أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: ما أرَى أولادَ المُدَبَّرَةِ إلَّا بمَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِم (^١).\n\n٢١٦١٠ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ، أنبأنا زاهِرٌ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ سِنانٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ الطَّيالِسِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ ومُجاهِدٍ وسَعيدِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ أنَّهُم قالوا: ولَدُ المُدَبَّرَةِ بمَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِم (^٢).\n\n٢١٦١١ - وأخبرَنا أحمدُ، أنبأنا زاهِرٌ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدٍ الغَزِّىُّ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يوسُفَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن داودَ بنِ أبى هِندٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ فى المُدَبَّرَةِ وأُمِّ الوَلَدِ: أولادُهُما بمَنزِلَتِهِما (^٣).\nورُوّيناه عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ والزُّهرِىِّ والنَّخعِىِّ:\n\n٢١٦١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٠٠)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٩٤٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٩٨) عن أبى داود الطيالسى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٥٩) عن سفيان الثورى به.","vol":"21","page":437},{"text":"يقولُ: إذا دَبَّرَ الرَّجُلُ جاريَتَه فإِنَّ له أنْ يَطأَها، ولَيسَ له أن يَبيعَها ولا يَهَبَها، ووَلَدُها بمَنزِلَتِها (^١).\n\n٢١٦١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَحيَى، أنبأنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن بُكَيرٍ، أنَّ ابنَ المُسَيَّبِ وأبا سلمةَ هو ابنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا: ولَدُ المُدَبَّرَةِ بمَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِم.\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: والقَولُ الثّانِى أنَّهُم مَملوكونَ. قال: وقَد قال هذا غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦١٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا ابنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ، عن أبى الشَّعثاءِ قال: أولادُ المُدَبَّرَةِ مَملوكونَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقالَه غَيرُ أبى الشَّعثاءِ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحُ بنُ عُبادَةَ،\n_________\n(^١) مالك فى الموطأ برواية ابن بكير (١٦/ ٧ ظ - مخطوط)، وبرواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٨١٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٨٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٤٤٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٧٨٤) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به، وعند عبد الرزاق وابن أبى شيبة باختصار.\n(^٢) الأم ٨/ ٢٦.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٨٦)، والشافعى ٨/ ٢٦. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٥٨) عن سفيان بن عيينة به.\n(^٤) الأم ٨/ ٢٦.","vol":"21","page":438},{"text":"حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءٌ أنَّ أبا الشَّعثاءِ كان يقولُ فى المُدَبَّرَةِ: ولَدُها عَبيدٌ، كَحائطِك الَّذِى تَصَدَّقتَ به إذا مِتَّ، لَكَ ثَمَرَتُه (^١) ما عِشتَ. وكانَ عَطاءٌ يقولُ: وكإبِلِك تَصَدَّقتَ بها إذا مِتَّ، فلَكَ ولَدُها ولَبَنُها ما عِشتَ.\nورُوّيناه عن مَكحولٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا زاهِرٌ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ خالِدٍ قال: حَضَرتُ عبدَ المَلِكِ بنَ مَرْوانَ واختُصِمَ إلَيه فى أولادِ المُدَبَّرَةِ، فاستَشارَ مَن حَولَه، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: يُباعُ أولادُها؛ فإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بالنَّخلِ فيأكُلُ مِن ثَمَرِها. وقالَ آخَرُ قَولًا نَقضًا لِلَّذِى قال صاحِبُه. قال: المُدَبَّرَةُ يَكونُ ولَدُها بمَنزِلَتِها؛ قَد يُهدِى الرَّجُلُ البَدَنَةَ فتُنتَجُ فيَنحَرُ ولَدَها مَعَها. قال عِكرِمَةُ: فقامَ ولَم يَقضِ فيهِم بشَئٍ (^٣).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ ما دَلَّ على هذا القَولِ:\n\n٢١٦١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن عثمانَ بنِ حَكيمٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ أتاه رَجُلٌ فقالَ: ابنَةُ عَمٍّ لِى أعتَقَت جاريَتَها عن دُبُرٍ ولا مالَ لها غَيرُها. قال: لِتأخُذْ مِن رَحِمِها. زادَ فيه غَيرُه: ما\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"ثمره\".\n(^٢) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٠٢)، والاستذكار لابن عبد البر ٧/ ٤٠٨.\n(^٣) عبد الرزاق (١٦٦٩١).","vol":"21","page":439},{"text":"دامَت حَيَّةً (^١).\n\n٢١٦١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال فى أولادِ المُدَبَّرَةِ: إذا ماتَ السَّيِّدُ فلا نَراهُم إلَّا أحرارًا (^٢).\n\n٢١٦١٩ - قال: وقالَ عَطاءٌ: أولادُ المُدَبَّرَةِ عَبيدٌ إلَّا أنْ تَكونَ حُبلَى يَومَ دُبِّرَت (^٣).\nقال أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: فهَذا زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ جَعَلَ ولَدَها ميراثًا، وعَلَّقَ القَولَ فيه جابِرٌ، وصَرَّحَ بذَلِكَ عَطاءٌ وجابِرُ بنُ زَيدٍ أبو الشَّعثاءِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4436>بابُ ما جاءَ فى إعتاقِ الكافِرِ وتَدبيِرهِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ الرَّمادِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن عُروةَ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ أُمورًا كُنتُ أتَحَنَّثُ بها فى الجاهِليَّةِ مِن عَتاقَةٍ وصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ، هَل لِى فيها مِن أجرٍ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أسلَمتَ على ما سَلَفَ لَكَ مِن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٩٤) بدون الزيادة. وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٧ من طريق عثمان بن حكيم به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٩٥). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل عقب (٤٩٤٠) من طريق ابن المبارك به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٩٠٠) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٩٦).","vol":"21","page":440},{"text":"خَيرٍ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسحاقَ بنِ راهُويَه وعَبدٍ عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن وجهٍ آخَرَ عن مَعمَرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو صالِحِ ابنُ أبى طاهِرٍ العَنبَرِىُّ، أنبأنا جَدِّى يَحيَى بنُ مَنصورٍ القاضِى، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا هَنّادُ بنُ السَّرِىِّ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن حَكيمِ بنِ حِزامٍ قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، أرأيتَ شَيئًا كُنتُ أتَحَنَّثُ به فى الجاهِليَّةِ؟ قال هِشامٌ: يَعنِى أتَبَرَّرُ به. فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أسلَمتَ على صالِحِ مما سَلَفَ لَكَ\". فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، لا أدَعُ شَيئًا صَنَعتُه فى الجاهِليَّةِ للَّهِ إلَّا صَنَعتُ للَّهِ فى الإسلامِ مِثلَه. قال: وكانَ أعتَقَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ مِائَةَ رَقَبَةٍ فأعتَقَ فى الإسلامِ مَثلَها مِائَةَ رَقَبَةٍ، وساقَ فى الجاهِليَّةِ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ وساقَ فى الإسلامِ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ (^٣). أخرَجَه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" مِن حَديثِ أبى مُعاويَةَ وابنِ نُمَيرٍ عن هِشامٍ، وأخرَجَه البخارىُّ مِن حَديثِ أبى أُسامَةَ عن هِشامٍ (^٤).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4437>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَدبيرِ الصَّبِىِّ ووَصيَّتِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٢٢ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ نُجَيدٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٨٣٤٠).\n(^٢) مسلم (١٢٣) عقب (١٩٥)، والبخارى (١٤٣٦).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (١٥٥٧٥)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٣٦٣)، والطبرانى (٣٠٧٦) من طريق هشام بن عروة به.\n(^٤) مسلم (١٢٣) عقب (١٩٥، ١٩٦)، والبخارى (٢٥٣٨).","vol":"21","page":441},{"text":"عن أبيه، أنَّ عمرَو بنَ سُلَيمٍ الزُّرَقِىَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه قيلَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁-: إنَّ ههنا غُلامًا يفَاعًا لَم يَحتَلِمْ مِن غَسّانَ، ووارِثُه بالشامِ، وهو ذو مالٍ، ولَيسَ له ههنا إلَّا ابنَةُ عَمٍّ له. فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: فليوصِ لها. فأوصَى لها بمالٍ يُقالُ لها (^١): بئرُ جُشَمَ. قال عمرُو بنُ سُلَيمٍ: فبِعتُ ذَلِكَ المالَ بثَلاثينَ ألفًا. وابنَةُ عَمِّه التى أوصَى لها هِىَ أُمُّ عمرِو بنِ سُلَيمٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٢٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ، أنبأنا أبو عمرٍو، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالك، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عمرِو بنِ حَزمٍ، أنَّ غُلامًا مِن غَسّانَ حَضَرَتْه الوَفاةُ بالمَدينَةِ ووارِثُه بالشّامِ، فذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فقيلَ له: إنَّ فُلانًا يَموتُ أفَيوصِى؟ فقالَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: نَعَم فليوصِ. قال أبو بكرِ بنُ محمدٍ: وكانَ الغُلامُ ابنُ عَشرِ سِنينَ أوِ اثنَتَى عَشرَةَ سنةً، فأوصَى بمالٍ له يُقالُ له: بئرُ جُشَمَ، فباعَها أهلُها بثَلاثينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى م، وحاشية الأصل: \"له\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٢٣١٩). وتقدم فى (١٢٧٨٢).\n(^٣) مالك ٢/ ٧٦٢. وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٣١) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به.","vol":"21","page":442},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4438>كتابُ المكاتَبِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4439>بابُ ما يَجوزُ كِتابَتُه مِنَ المَماليكِ</span>\nقال اللَّهُ جلَّ ثناؤُه: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ [النور: ٣٣]. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: فيه دَلالَةٌ على أنَّه إنَّما أذِنَ أنْ يُكاتَبَ مَن يَعقِلُ ما يَطلُبُ لا مَن لا يَعقِلُ أنْ يَبتَغِىَ الكِتابَةَ مِن صَبِىٍّ ولا مَعتوهٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبانٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂-، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عن ثَلَاثَةٍ؛ عن النّائمِ حَتَّى يَستَيقِظَ، وعن المَجنونِ حَتَّى يُفيقَ، وعن الصَّبِىِّ حَتَّى يَبلُغَ\" (^٢).\nورُوّيناه فيما مَضَى عن علىٍّ -﵁- عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4440>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَفسير قَولِه ﷿: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾</span>\n\n٢١٦٢٥ - رَوَى أبو داودَ فى \"المراسيل\" عن الحَسَنِ بنِ علىٍّ عن أبى عاصمٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ بنِ عَمّارٍ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ قال: \"إن عَلِمتُم مِنهُم حِرفَةً، ولا تُرسِلوهُم كِلابًا (^٤)\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٣٢.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١١٥٦٤، ١٢٢٨٤).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٥١٥٤، ٨٣٨٠، ٨٦٨٦).\n(^٤) ضبب عليها فى الأصل، والذى فى المراسيل: \"كَلًّا\".","vol":"21","page":443},{"text":"على النّاسِ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو الحُسَينِ الفَسَوِىُّ، حدثنا أبو علىٍّ اللُّؤلُؤِىُّ، حدثنا أبو داودَ. فذَكَرَه (^١).\n\n٢١٦٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى يَحيَى بنُ أيّوبَ، عن يَزيدَ بنِ أبى حَبيبٍ، أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عباسٍ كان يقولُ: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ إنْ عَلِمتَ [مُكاتَبَكَ يَقضيكَ] (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٢٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: إن عَلِمتُم لَهُم حيلَةً، ولا تُلقوا مُؤنَتَهُم على المُسلِمينَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَصرِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مِرداسٍ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى رَوقٍ، حدثنا أبى، عن الضَّحّاكِ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ قال: أمانَةً ووَفاءً.\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود فى المراسيل (١٨٥).\n(^٢) فى الأصل: \"مكاتبتك تقضيك\"، وفى م: \"أن مكاتبك يقضيك\".\nوالحديث عند المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٤٩٩) عن أبى زكريا وحده.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٨، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٤٥٧) من طريق أبى صالح عبد اللَّه بن صالح به.","vol":"21","page":444},{"text":"٢١٦٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أنْ يُكاتِبَ العَبدَ إذا لَم يَكُنْ له حِرفَةٌ، ويَقولُ: تُطعِمُنِى أوساخ النّاسِ (^١)؟!.\n\n٢١٦٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ سِمعانَ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ أنَّه قال فى قَولِ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ يقولُ: إنْ عَلِمتُم لَهُم حِرفَةً أو مالًا.\n\n٢١٦٣١ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا محمدٌ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو اليافِعِىُّ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أنَّ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ كان يقولُ: ما نُراه إلَّا المالَ. قال: ثُمَّ تَلا: ﴿كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠] قال عَطاءٌ: الخَيرُ فيما نُرَى المالُ. قال: وقالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ ﴿لِحُبِّ الْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ﴾ [العاديات: ٨] المالُ ﴿إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ المالُ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) أوساخ الناس: الصدقة. غريب الحديث لأبى عبيد ٣/ ٥.\nوالحديث أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٨٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥١٩)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٨ من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ٣/ ١٣٦، ١٧/ ٢٨٢ من طريق ابن وهب به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥٧٠) =","vol":"21","page":445},{"text":"٢١٦٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّه بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ أنَّه قال لِعَطاءٍ: ما الخَيرُ، المالُ أوِ الصَّلاحُ أم كُلُّ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: ما نُراه إلَّا المالَ. قُلتُ: فإِنْ لَم يَكُنْ عِندَه مالٌ وكان رَجُلَ صدقٍ. قال: ما أحسِبُ خَيرًا إلَّا ذَلِكَ؛ المالَ والصَّلاحَ. قالَ: وقالَ مُجاهِدٌ: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ المالُ، كائنَةً أخلاقُهُم وأديانُهُم ما كانَت (^١).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: الخَيرُ كَلِمَةٌ يُعرَفُ ما أُريدَ بها بالمُخاطَبَةِ بها، قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ﴾ [البينة: ٧]. فعَقِلنا أنَّهُم خَيرُ البَريَّةِ بالإيمانِ وعَمَلِ الصّالِحاتِ لا بالمالِ، وقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَاهَا لَكُمْ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ﴾ [الحج: ٣٦]. فعَقِلنا أنَّ الخَيرَ المَنفَعَهُ بالأجرِ لا أنَّ فى البُدنِ لَهُم مالًا، وقالَ: ﴿إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٠]. فعَقِلنا أنَّه إنْ تَرَكَ مالًا؛ لأنَّ المالَ المَتروكُ، وبِقَولِه: ﴿الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ﴾ فلَمّا قال اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ كان أظهَرُ مَعانيها -بدَلالَةِ ما استَدلَلْنا به مِنَ الكِتابِ- قوَّةً على اكتِسابِ المالِ وأمانَةً؛ لأنَّه قَد يَكونُ قَويًّا فيَكتَسِبُ فلا يُؤَدِّى إذا لَم يَكُنْ ذا أمانَةٍ، وأمينًا فلا يَكونُ قَويًّا على الكَسبِ فلا يُؤَدِّى. قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: ولَيسَ الطاهِرُ مِنَ القَولِ: إنْ عَلِمتَ فى\n_________\n= من طريق ابن جريج به، مقتصرين على قول عطاء وحده.\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٠)، والشافعى ٨/ ٣١.","vol":"21","page":446},{"text":"عبدِكَ مالًا. بمَعنَيَينِ؛ أحَدُهُما أنَّ المالَ لا يَكونُ فيه، إنَّما يَكونُ عِندَه، ولَكِنْ يَكونُ فيه الاكتِسابُ الَّذِى يُفيدُ المالَ. والثّانِى أنَّ المالَ الَّذِى فى يَدِه لِسَيِّدِه. قال: ولَعَلَّ مَن ذَهَبَ إلَى أنَّ الخَيرَ المالُ أنَّه أفادَ بكَسبِه مالًا لِلسَّيِّدِ، فيُستَدَلُّ على أنَّه يُفيدُ مالًا يَعتِقُ به كما أفادَ أوَّلًا (^١).\n\n٢١٦٣٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ الهَرَوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ وطاوُسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ قالا (^٢): مالًا وأمانَةً (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٣٤ - قال: حَدَّثَنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: صِدقًا ووَفاءً، أداءً وأمانَةً (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٣٥ - حدثنا سعيدٌ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن مُغيرَةَ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: صِدقًا ووَفاءً (^٥).\n\n٢١٦٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا:\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٠)، والأم ٨/ ٣١.\n(^٢) فى م: \"قال\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٧٣)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٤٩٠) من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم ابن علية به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٩ من طريق إسماعيل بن إبراهيم ابن علية به.\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٧٥)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٨١)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٩ من طريق مغيرة به.","vol":"21","page":447},{"text":"حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ، عن إسماعيلَ، عن أبى صالِحٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ قال: يقولُ: أداءً وأمانَةً (^١).\n\n٢١٦٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ القاضى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ (^٢)، أنبأنا العباسُ بنُ الوَليدِ، أنبأنا أبى قال: سَمِعتُ الأوزاعِىَّ يقولُ: بَلَغَنِى أنَّ مَكحولًا كان يقولُ فى هذه الآيَةِ: ﴿إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا﴾ قال: الكَسبُ.\n\n٢١٦٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ الزّاهِدُ وأبو الحَسَنِ محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ قالا: حدثنا أبو عمرٍو إسماعيلُ بنُ نُجَيدٍ السُّلَمِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو مُسلِمٍ الكَجَىُّ، حدثنا أبو عاصِمٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ عَجلانَ، عن المَقبُرِىِّ، عن أبى هريرةَ، قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثَةٌ حَقٌّ على اللَّهِ عَونُهُم؛ المُجاهِدُ فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، والنَّاكِحُ يُريدُ العَفافَ، والمُكاتَبُ يُريدُ الأداءَ\" (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ مُعاويَةَ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ ابنُ وارَةَ، حَدَّثَنِى عمرُو بنُ عاصِمِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ الوازعِ (^٤)، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوازعِ، عن أيّوبَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٣١٧٩)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٩، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٤٩٤) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"محمد\".\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٣٥٨٥).\n(^٤) بعده فى نسخة المصنف: \"الكلابى\".","vol":"21","page":448},{"text":"السَّختيانِىِّ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ثَلاثٌ مَن فعَلَهُنَّ ثِقَةً باللَّهِ واحتِسابًا كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أنْ يُعينَه وأنْ يُبارِكَ له: مَنْ سَعَى فى فِكاكِ رَقَبَتِه ثِقَةً باللَّهِ واحتِسابًا كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أنْ يُعينَه وأنْ يُبارِكَ له، ومَنْ تَزَوَّجَ ثِقَةً باللَّهِ واحتِسابًا كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أنْ يُعينَه وأنْ يُبارِكَ له، وهَنَّ أحيا أرضًا مَيِّتَةً ثِقَةً باللَّهِ واحتِسابًا كان حَقًّا على اللَّهِ أنْ يُعينَه وأنْ يُبارِكَ له\" (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4441>باب: المَملوكُ لا يَكونُ قَويًّا على الاكتِسابِ لَم يَجِبْ على سَيِّدِه مُكاتَبَتُهُ</span>\n\n٢١٦٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الفَرّاءُ، عن أبى لَيلَى الكِندِىِّ، أنَّ سَلمانَ الفارِسِىَّ أرادَ مِنه مَملوكٌ له أنْ يُكاتِبَه فقالَ: أعِندَكَ شَئٌ؟ قال: لا. قال: مِن أينَ لَكَ؟ قال: أسألُ الناسَ. فأبَى أنْ يُكاتِبَه وقالَ: تُطعِمُنِى مِن غُسالَةِ النّاسِ؟! (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4442>بابُ مَن قال: يَجِبُ على الرَّجُلِ مُكاتَبَةُ عبدِه قَويًّا أمينًا. ومَن قال: لا يُجبَرُ عَلَيها</span>\nلأنَّ الآيَةَ مُحتَمِلَةٌ أن تَكونَ إرشادًا أو إباحَةً لا حَتمًا.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطبرانى فى الأوسط (٤٩١٨) من طريق محمد بن مسلم ابن وارة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٤٤: إسناده صالح مع نكارته عن أيوب.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٢١) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥٨٣) من طريق أبى جعفر الفراء به.","vol":"21","page":449},{"text":"٢١٦٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن أنَسِ بنِ مالكٍ قال: أرادَنِى سيرينُ على المُكاتَبَةِ فأبَيتُ عَلَيه، فأتَى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فأقبَلَ علىَّ عُمَرُ -﵁- يَعنِى بالدِّرَّةِ- فقالَ: كاتِبْه (^١).\n\n٢١٦٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ بنِ عبدِ المَلِكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أواجِبٌ علىَّ إذا عَلِمتُ أنَّ فيه خَيرًا أن أُكاتِبَهُ؟ قال: ما أُراه إلَّا واجِبًا. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، وقُلتُ لِعَطاء: أَتأْثُرُها عن أحَدٍ؟ قال: لا (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٤٣ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن بَعضِ أصحابِه، عن الحَسَنِ قال: لَيسَت بعَزْمَةٍ؛ إن شاءَ كاتَبَ، وإِن شاءَ لَم يُكاتِبْ (^٣).\nورُوّينا مِثلَه عن الشَّعبِىِّ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٧/ ١١٩ عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٦ من طريق سعيد بن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩١)، والشافعى ٨/ ٣١. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٧٦) - ومن طريقه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٧٦ عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٩١).\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٧٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٢٢)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٤٥٤).","vol":"21","page":450},{"text":"٢١٦٤٤ - وفيما رَوَى عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ يَحيَى عن حِبّانَ بنِ أبى جَبَلَةَ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كُلُّ أحَدٍ أحَقُّ بمالِه مِن والِدِه ووَلَدِه والنّاسِ أجمَعينَ\". أخبَرَناه أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ أحمدَ بنِ الجُنَيدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عَرَفَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ. فذَكَرَه (^١). وهذا مُرسَلٌ؛ حِبّانُ بنُ أبى جَبَلَةَ القُرَشِىُّ مِنَ التّابِعينَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4443>بابُ مَن لَم يَكرَهْ كِتابَةَ عبدِه وإِن كان غَيَر قَوِىٍّ ولا أمينٍ</span>\n\n٢١٦٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن ثَورٍ، عن يونُسَ بنِ سَيفٍ، عن حَرامِ بنِ حَكيمٍ قال: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- إلَى عُمَيرِ بنِ سَعدٍ -﵄-: أمّا بَعدُ، فانْهَ مَن قِبلَكَ مِنَ المُسلِمينَ أن يُكاتِبوا أرِقّاءَهُم على مَسألَةِ النّاسِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٤٦ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أبى جَعفَرٍ الفَرّاءِ، حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ أبى ثَروانَ الحارِثىُّ، عن ابنِ النَّباحِ أنَّه أتَى عَليًّا فقالَ:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٣٥. وتقدم فى (١٥٨٤٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥١٨) عن وكيع به، وعنده: عمر. بدلًا من: عمير. وينظر الإصابة ٧/ ٥١٧،","vol":"21","page":451},{"text":"أُريدُ أن أُكاتَبَ. فقالَ: أعِندَكَ شَئٌ؟ فقال: لا. قال: فجَمَعَهُم علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ فقالَ: أعينوا أخاكُم. فجَمَعوا لَه. قال: فبَقِىَ بَقيَّةٌ عن مُكاتبَتِه. قال: فأتَى عَليًّا فسألَه عن الفَضلَةِ، فقالَ: اجعَلْها فى المُكاتَبينَ (^١). هذا يَدُلُّ على أن المُكاتَبَ إنَّما يُعطَى مِنَ الضَدَقاتِ مِن سَهمِ الرِّقابِ ما بَينَه وبَينَ أن يَعتِقَ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4444>بابُ فضلِ مَن أعانَ مُكاتَبًا فى رَقَبَتِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ قِراءَةً وأبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ (^٢) إملاءً قالا: أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحارِثِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى بُكيرٍ، حدثنا زُهَيرُ بنُ محمدٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الحافظُ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ هِشامُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا عمرُو بن ثابِتٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عَقِيلٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سَهلِ بنِ حُنَيفٍ أن سَهلًا حَدَّثَه أن رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن أعانَ مُجاهِدًا فى سَبيلِ اللَّهِ، أو غارِمًا فى عُسرَتِه، أو مُكاتَبًا فى رَقَبَتِه، أظَلَّه اللَّهُ فى ظِلِّه يَومَ لا ظِلَّ إلَّا ظِلُّه\". لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ. زادَ عمرُو بنُ ثابِتٍ: \"أو غازيًا\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٦/ ٢٣٣، والبخارى فى التاريخ الكبير ٢/ ١٨٨ من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) بعده فى م: \"الأصهانى\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٠٣)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٧ وصححه، وقال الذهبى: بل عمرو رافضى =","vol":"21","page":452},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4445>باب: مُكاتَبَةُ الرَّجُلِ عبدَه أو أمَتَه على نَجمَيِن فأكثَرَ بمالٍ - صَحيحٌ</span>\n\n٢١٦٤٨ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، حدثنا هِشامُ بنُ عُروةَ، أخبرَنِى أبى، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: دَخَلَت بَريرَةُ فقالَت: إنَّ أهلِى كاتَبونِى على تِسعِ أواقٍ فى تِسعِ سِنينَ؛ كُلَّ سنةٍ وَقيَّةٌ، فأعينينِى. وذَكَرَ الحديثِ (^١). أخرَجاه فى \"الصحيح\" (^٢).\nورُوّينا فى الحديثِ الثّابِتِ عن أبى هريرةَ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- نَهَى عن بَيعِ الغَرَرِ (^٣)، وفِى الكِتابَةِ الحالَّةِ غَرَرٌ كَثيرٌ.\n\n٢١٦٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو بشرٍ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ عامِرٍ، حدثنا جوَيريَةُ بنُ أسماءَ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ أبى مَريَمَ، عن رَجُلٍ قال: كُنتُ مَملوكًا لِعُثمانَ -﵁-. قال: بَعَثَنِى عثمانُ -﵁- فى تِجارَةٍ، فقَدِمتُ عَلَيه فأحمَدَ وِلايَتِى. قال: فقُمتُ بَينَ يَدَيه ذاتَ يَومٍ فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ،\n_________\n= متروك. وأخرجه أحمد (١٥٩٨٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٩٧٨٥) عن يحيى بن أبى بكير به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٤٦: غريب جدًّا.\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠٩٤٨، ١٣٨٧٠، ١٤٥٤٤، ٢١٤٧٧)، وسيأتى فى (٢١٧٥١).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦٣)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٨).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٠٥١٥، ١٠٧٠٩، ١٠٩٥٠، ١٠٩٧٦).","vol":"21","page":453},{"text":"أسألُكَ الكِتابَةَ. فقَطَبَ (^١)، فقالَ: نَعَم، ولَولا آيَةٌ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ ما فعَلتُ، أُكاتِبُكَ على مِائَةِ ألفٍ على أن تَعُدَّها لِى فى عَدَّتَينِ، واللَّهِ لا أغُضُّكَ مِنها دِرهَمًا. قال: فخَرَجتُ مِن عِندِه فلَقِيَنِى الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوّامِ -﵁-، فقالَ: ما الَّذِى أرَى بكَ؟ قُلتُ: كان أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ بَعَثَنِى فى تِجارَةٍ فقَدِمتُ عَلَيه فأحمَدَ وِلايَتِى، فقُمتُ إلَيه فقُلتُ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، أسألُكَ الكِتابَةَ. قال: فقَطَّبَ. قال: فقالَ: نَعَم، ولَولا آيَةٌ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ ما فعَلتُ، أُكاتِبُكَ على مِائَةِ ألفٍ على أن تَعُدَّها لِى فى عَدَّتَينِ، واللَّهِ لا أغُضُّكَ مِنها دِرهَمًا. قال: فقالَ: انطَلِقْ. قال: فرَدَّنِى إلَيه فقامَ بَينَ يَدَيه، فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، فُلانٌ كاتَبتَه؟ قال: فقَطَبَ وقالَ: نَعَم، ولَولا آيَة فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ ما فعَلتُ، أُكاتِبُه على مِائَةِ ألفٍ على أن يَعُدَّها لِى فى عَدَّتَينِ، واللَّهِ لا أغُضُّه مِنها دِرهَمًا. قال: فغَضِبَ الزُّبَيرُ فقالَ: للَّهِ لأمثُلَنَّ بَينَ يَدَيكَ قائمًا (^٢) أطلُبُ إلَيكَ حاجَةً تَحولُ دونَها بيَمينٍ. قال: فضَرَبَ؛ لا أدرِى قال: كَتِفِى. أو قال: عَضُدِى. ثُمَّ قال: كاتِبْه. قال: فكاتَبتُه، فانطَلَقَ بىَ الزُّبَيرُ إلَى أهلِه فأعطانِى مِائَةَ ألفٍ، ثُمَّ قال: انطَلِقْ فاطلُبْ فيها مِن فضلِ اللَّهِ، فإِن غَلَبَكَ أمرٌ فأدِّ إلَى عثمانَ مالَه مِنها. قال: فانطَلَقتُ فطَلَبتُ فيها مِن فضلِ اللَّهِ، وأدَّيتُ إلَى عثمانَ -﵁- مالَه وإِلَى الزُّبَيرِ -﵁- مالَه، وفَضَلَ فى يَدِى ثَمانونَ ألفًا (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) قطب: أى عبس. ينظر تاج العروس ٤/ ٥٥ (ق ط ب).\n(^٢) فى الأصل، س، م: \"فإنما\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٠٥). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١١/ ١٧٠ من طريق سعيد بن عامر به.","vol":"21","page":454},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4446>بابُ مَن قال: لا يَعتِقُ المُكاتَبُ حَتَّى يَكونَ فى الكِتابَةِ: فإِذا أدَّيتَ هذا -و(^١) يَصِفُه- فأنتَ حُرٌّ</span>\n\n٢١٦٥٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ ﵀، أخبرَنِى أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى بهَمَذانَ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ الحُسَينِ، حدثنا عَفّانُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ وعَلِىِّ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى عثمانَ، عن سَلمانَ قال: كاتَبتُ أهلِى على أن أغرِسَ لَهُم خَمسَمِائَةِ فسيلَةٍ، فإِذا عَلِقَتْ فأنا حُرٌّ، فأتَيتُ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ: \"اغرِسْ واشتَرِطْ لَهُم، فإِذا أرَدتَ أن تَغرِسَ فآذِنِّى\". فآذَنتُه، فجاءَ فجَعَلَ يَغرِسُ، إلَّا واحِدَةً غَرَستُها بيَدِى، فعَلِقنَ جَميعًا إلَّا الواحِدَةَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٥١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ، أنبأنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا زَيدُ بنُ الحُبابِ، عن الحُسَينِ بنِ واقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه، أن سَلمانَ -﵁- لَمّا قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ أتَى رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بهَديَّةٍ على طَبَقٍ فوَضَعَها بَينَ يَدَيه، فقالَ: \"ما هذا يا سَلمانُ؟ \". قال: صَدَقَةٌ عَلَيكَ وعَلَى أصحابِكَ. قال: \"إنِّى لا آكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ\". فرَفَعَها، ثُمَّ جاءَه مِنَ الغَدِ بمِثلِها فوَضَعَها بَينَ يَدَيه، فقالَ: \"ما هذا؟ \". قال: هَديَّةٌ لَكَ. قال: فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأصحابِه: \"كُلوا\". قال: \"لِمَن أنتَ؟ \". قال: لِقَومٍ. قال: \"فاطلُبْ إلَيهِم أن يُكاتِبوكَ\". قال:\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أو\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٠٦)، والحاكم ٧/ ٢١٢، ٢١٨ وصححه. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٣٠) عن عفان به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٤٧: إسناده قوى.","vol":"21","page":455},{"text":"فكاتَبونِى على كَذا وكَذا نَخلَةً أغرِسُها لَهُم ويَقومُ عَلَيها سَلمانُ حَتَّى تُطعِمَ. قال: ففَعَلوا. قال: فجاءَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فغَرَسَ النَّخلَ كُلَّه، إلَّا نَخلَةً واحِدَةً غَرَسَها عُمَرُ، فأطعَمَ نَخلُه مِن سَنَتِه إلَّا تِلكَ النَّخلَةَ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن غَرَسَها؟ \". قالوا: عُمَرُ. فغَرَسَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِن يَدِه فحَمَلَت مِن عامِها (^١).\n\n٢١٦٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ الحِيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حَدَّثَنِى عاصِمُ بنُ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سَلمانُ الفارِسِىُّ. فذَكَرَ الحديثِ بطولِه فى قِصَّةِ سَبَبِ إسلامِه، وفيه: قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كاتِبْ يا سَلمانُ\". فكاتَبتُ صاحِبِى على ثَلاثِمِائَةِ نَخلَةٍ أُحييها، وأربَعينَ أوقيَّةً، وأعانَنِى أصحابُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بالنَّخلِ ثَلاثينَ وَدِيَّةً (^٢) وعِشرينَ وَدِيَّةً وعَشْرًا، كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنهُم على قَدرِ ما عِندَه. وذَكَرَ الحديثِ فى الحَفرِ قال: وخَرَجَ مَعِى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- حَتَّى جاءَها، فكُنّا نَحمِلُ إلَيه الوَدِىَّ ويَضَعُه بيَدِه ويُسَوِّى عَلَيها، فوالَّذِى بَعَثَه بالحَقِّ ما ماتَت مِنها وديَّةٌ واحِدَةٌ، وبَقِيَت علىَّ الدَّراهِمُ، فأتاه رَجُلٌ مِن بَعضِ المَعادِنِ بمِثلِ البَيضةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أينَ الفارِسِىُّ المُسلِمُ المُكاتَبُ؟ \". فدُعِيتُ له، فقالَ: \"خُذ هذه يا سَلمانُ فأدِّ ما عَلَيكَ\". فقُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، وأينَ تَقَعُ هذه\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٦/ ٩٧، والحاكم ٢/ ١٦، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٢٨٣) مختصرًا. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٢٩٩٧) عن زيد بن الحباب به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٤٨: إسناده حسن.\n(^٢) الوديَّة: النخلة الصغيرة. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٧٠.","vol":"21","page":456},{"text":"مِمّا علىَّ؟ قال: \"فإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيُؤَدِّى بها عَنكَ\". فوالَّذِى نَفسُ سَلمانَ بيَدِه لَوَزَنتُ لَهُم مِنها أربَعينَ أوقيَّةً فأدَّيتُها إلَيهِم. وعَتَقَ سَلمانُ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: فى الرِّوايَةِ الأولَى زيادَةٌ فى عَدَدِ الفُسْلانِ (^٢)، وفيها اشتِراطُ الحُرّيَّةِ، وأنَّ واحِدَةً مِنها لَم تَعْلَقْ، وهِىَ ما لَم يَغرِسْه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، وفِى الرِّوايَةِ الثّالِثَةِ نُقصانٌ عن عَدَدِ الفُسْلانِ (^٢)، وزيادَةُ الأربَعينَ أوقيَّةً، وفِى كِلتَيهِما مَعَ الرِّوايَةِ الثّانيَةِ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كان بشَرطِ العُلوقِ أوِ الإطعامِ، وكأنَّ العَقدَ كان مَعَ الكُفّارِ، وكانَ القَصدُ مِنه حُصولَ العِتاقِ، فأذِنَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى اشتِراطِه بقَولِه: \"اشتَرِط لَهم\". لِكَونِه شَرطًا صَحيحًا فى حُصولِ العِتاقِ به وإِن كان عَقدُ الكِتابَةِ يَفسُدُ بهِ.\n\n٢١٦٥٣ - وقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ عاصِمٍ، أنبأنا حاتِمُ بنُ أبى صَغيرَةَ، عن سِماكِ بنِ حَربٍ، عن زَيدِ بنِ صوحانَ، عن سَلمانَ فى قِصَّةِ إسلامِه، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لِمَن أنتَ؟ \". قُلتُ: لامرأةٍ مِنَ الأنصارِ جَعَلَتنِى فى حائطٍ لها. قال: \"يا أبا بكرٍ\". قال: لَبَّيكَ. قال: \"اشتَرِه\". قال: فاشتَرانِى أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فأعتَقَنِى (^٣).\nوهَذا يُخالِفُ الرِّواياتِ قَبلَه، وقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ عِتاقُه لَم يَحصُلْ بأن لَم\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٩١ - ٩٧. وأخرجه أحمد (٢٣٧٣٧) من طريق محمد بن إسحاق به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"الفسيلات\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى الدلائل ٢/ ٨٢ - ٩٢، والحاكم ٣/ ٥٩٩ - ٦٠٢ وصححه. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٤٨: علىّ واهٍ.","vol":"21","page":457},{"text":"يَعْلَقْ مِنَ الفُسْلانِ (^١) واحِدَةٌ حَتَّى أعادَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- غَرسَها فحَمَلَت مِن عامِها، فاشتَراه أبو بكرٍ -﵁- فيما بَينَ ذَلِكَ وأعتَقَه، ويَحتَمِلُ غَيرَه واللَّهُ أعلمُ، وفِى ثُبوتِ بَعضِ هذه الرِّواياتِ نَظَرٌ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4447>بابُ مَن كاتَبَ عبدَه أو أمَتَه على عَرْضٍ مَوصوفٍ أو على عَرْضٍ ونَقدٍ</span>\n\n٢١٦٥٤ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرٍ الحِيرِىُّ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى جَريرُ بنُ حازِمٍ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن نافِعٍ، أن حَفصَةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- كاتَبَتْ عبدًا لها على رَقيقٍ. قال نافِعٌ: فأدرَكتُ أنا ثَلاثَةً مِنَ الَّذينَ أُدُّوا فى مُكاتَبَتِهِم (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٥٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان لا يَرَى بأسًا بالكِتابَةِ على الوُصَفاءِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٥٦ - قالَ: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن عُبيدِ (^٤) اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرِ بنِ أنَسٍ قال: هذه مُكاتبَةُ سيرينَ عِندَنا: هذا ما كاتَبَ\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"الفسيلات\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٦٠)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٩٤) من طريق أيوب به بنحوه.\n(^٣) الوصفاء: جمع وصيف وهو العبد، والأمة: وصيفة. ينظر النهاية ٥/ ١٩١.\nوالأثر عند ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٣٩٣).\n(^٤) فى م: \"عبد\". وينظر تهذيب الكمال ١٩/ ١٥.","vol":"21","page":458},{"text":"أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ غُلامَه سيرينَ: كاتَبَه على كَذا وكَذا ألفٍ، وعَلَى غُلامَينِ يَعمَلانِ مِثلَ عَمَلِهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا وأبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَسلَمَةُ بنُ علىٍّ وغَيرُ واحِدٍ أنَّ الأوزاعِىَّ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّ عَطاءَ بنَ أبى رَباحٍ قال: قال ابنُ عباسٍ فى رَجُلٍ كاتَبَ عبدًا له على ثَلاثَةِ وُصَفاءَ: إنَّه لا بأسَ بذَلِكَ. قال الأوزاعِىُّ: وقالَ ابنُ شِهابٍ مِثلَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4448>بابُ كِتابَةِ العَبيدِ كِتابَةً واحِدَةً</span>\n\n٢١٦٥٨ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: إن كاتبتَ عبدًا لَكَ ولَه بَنونَ يَومَئذٍ فكاتَبَكَ على نَفسِه وعَلَيهِم، فماتَ أبوهُم أو ماتَ مِنهُم مَيِّتٌ، فقيمَتُه يَومَ يَموتُ توضَعُ مِنَ الكِتابَةِ، وإِنْ أعتَقَه أو بَعضَ بَنيه فكَذَلِكَ. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: هذا إن شاءَ اللَّهُ كما قال عَطاءٌ وعَمرُو بنُ دينارٍ إذا كان البَنونَ كِبارًا فكاتَبَ عَلَيهِم أبوهُم بأمرِهِم، فعَلَى كُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنهُم\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٠٤). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٧/ ١٢٠، وابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٥٣/ ١٨١ من طريق حماد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٠٠) من طريق الأوزاعى به، دون قول الأوزاعى.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٣)، والشافعى ٨/ ٤٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٤٢) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":459},{"text":"حِصَّتُه مِنَ الكِتابَةِ بقَدرِ قيمَتِه، فأيُّهُم ماتَ أو أُعتِقَ رُفِعَ عن الباقينَ بقَدرِ حِصَّتِه مِنَ الكِتابَةِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4449>بابُ حَمالَةِ العَبيدِ</span>\n\n٢١٦٥٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: كَتَبتُ على رَجُلَينِ فى بَيعٍ: إنَّ حَيَّكُما على مَيِّتِكُما، ومَليئَكُما على مُعدِمِكُما. قال: يَجوزُ. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، وقالَ: زَعامَةٌ. يَعنِى: حَمالَةً (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٦٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو سعيدٍ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: كاتَبتُ عبدَينِ لِى وكَتَبتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيهِما. قال: لا يَجوزُ فى عبدَيْكَ. وقالَها سُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى، قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: لِمَ لا يَجوزُ؟ قال: مِن أجلِ أنَّ أحَدَهُما إن أفلَسَ رَجَعَ عبدًا لَم يَملِكْ مِنكَ شَيئًا (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ عن قَتادَةَ، وعن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٣)، والأم ٨/ ٤٦.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٤)، والشافعى ٨/ ٤٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٤٧٥٩)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١١٤٦) من طريق ابن جريج به، دون قوله: وقال زعامة. . . إلخ.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٥)، والشافعى ٨/ ٤٨. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٥٢) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":460},{"text":"ابنِ جُرَيجٍ عن عَطاءٍ فى رَجُلٍ يُكاتِبُ عبدَينِ جَميعًا: حَيُّكُما على مَيِّتِكُما، ومُعدِمُكُما على مَليِّكُما. قالا: لا يَجوزُ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4450>باب: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: يُروَى أنَّ مَن كاتَبَ عبدَه على مِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ فأدّاها إلَّا عَشرَ أواقٍ فهو رَقيقٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٦٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن العَلاءِ الجَزَرِىِّ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا مَيمونُ بنُ إسحاقَ الهاشِمِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا العباسُ بنُ محمدٍ الدّورِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عاصِمٍ الكِلابِىُّ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، عن عباسٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ قال: حدثنا عمرُو بنُ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما مُكاتَبٍ كوتِبَ على ألفِ أوقيَّةٍ فأدَّاها إلَّا عَشرَ أواقٍ، فهو عبدٌ، وأيُّما مُكاتَب كوتِبَ على مِائَةِ دينارٍ فأدَّاها إلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَنانيرَ، فهو عبدٌ\". لَفظُ حَديثِ عمرِو بنِ عاصِمٍ، وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى الوَليدِ: \"أيُّما عبدٍ كاتَبَ على مِائَةِ دينارٍ فأدَّاها إلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَنانيرَ، فهو عبدٌ، وأيُّما عبدٍ كاتَبَ على مِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ فأدَّاها إلَّا عَشرَ أواقٍ، فهو عبدٌ\" (^٢).\nورَواه عبدُ الصَّمَدِ بنُ عبدِ الوارِثِ عن هَمّامٍ عن عباسٍ الجُرَيرِىِّ:\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٥٣.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥١٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٨ وصححه. وأخرجه الترمذى (١٢٦٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٦) من طريق عمرو بن شعيب به بنحوه مختصرًا، وقال الترمذى: حسن غريب.","vol":"21","page":461},{"text":"٢١٦٦٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ المُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ الصَّمَدِ، حدثنا هَمّامٌ، حدثنا عباسٌ الجُرَيرِىُّ. فذَكَرَه، وقالَ: \"مِائَةِ أوقيَّة\" (^١).\n\n٢١٦٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هارونُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو بَدرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو عُتبَةَ إسماعيلُ بنُ عَيّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ سُلَيمٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيب، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِن مُكاتَبَتِه دِرهَمٌ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن حَجّاجٍ، عن عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ، عن أبيه، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- خَطَبَ فقالَ: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ كاتَبَ غُلامَه على مِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ، فعَجَزَ عن عَشْرِ أواقٍ، فهو رَقيقٌ\" (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى القَديمِ: ولَم أعلَمْ أحَدًا رَوَى هذا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- إلَّا عمرَو بنَ شُعَيبٍ، وعَلَى هذا فُتيا المُفتينَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٦٦ - (^٥) وأخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٧)، وأبو داود (٣٩٢٧). وأخرجه أحمد (٦٧٢٦)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢١ من طريق عبد الصمد به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٢٦). وأخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١١ من طريق إسماعيل بن عياش به. وحسنه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٢٣).\n(^٣) أخرجه أحمد (٦٦٦٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٥)، وابن ماجه (٢٥١٩) من طريق حجاج به.\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦٠٩٦).\n(^٥) هذه الرواية بتمامها ليست فى نسخة المصنف، وكتب مكانها: \"يرجع إلى الرقعة\"، ولعله كتبها =","vol":"21","page":462},{"text":"الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ الخَليلِ التُّستَرِىُّ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ المُنذِرِ، حَدَّثَنِى هِشامُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَخزومِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ [بنِ السَّائبِ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ] (^١) بنِ عمرِو بنِ العاصِ قال: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنّا نَسمَعُ مِنكَ، فتأذَنُ لِى فأكتُبَها؟ قال: \"نَعَم\". فكانَ أوَّلُ ما كَتَبَ به رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- إلَى أهلِ مَكَّةَ: \"لا يَجوزُ شَرطانِ فى بَيعٍ واحِدٍ، ولا بَيعٌ وسَلَفٌ مَعًا، ولا بَيعُ ما لَم يُضمَنْ، ومَن كان مُكاتَبًا على مِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ فقَضاها كُلَّها إلّا عَشَرَةَ دَراهِمَ فهو عبدٌ، أو على مِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ فقَضاها كُلَّها إلَّا أوقيَّةً فهو عبدٌ\" (^٢). كَذا وجَدتُه، ولا أُراه مَحفوظًا.\n\n٢١٦٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، أنَّ زَيدَ بنَ ثابِتٍ قال فى المُكاتَبِ: هو عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ\n_________\n= فى رقعة ثم ألحقها فيما بعد؛ لأنها فى بقية النسخ.\n(^١) زيادة من: الأصل\n(^٢) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٧)، وابن حبان (٤٣٢١) من طريق ابن جريج عن عطاء الخراسانى عن عبد اللَّه بن عمرو بن العاص به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦٠٩٩)، والشافعى ٨/ ٥٣. وسيأتى فى (٢١٧١١).","vol":"21","page":463},{"text":"قال: كان زَيدٌ يقولُ: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه شَئٌ مِن مُكاتبَتِه. وكانَ جابِرُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ: شُروطُهُم جائزَةٌ بَينَهُم (^١).\n\n٢١٦٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ، حدثنا يَحيَى، أنبأنا يَزيدُ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ. فقالَ له يَعنِى الشَّعبِىَّ: إنَّ شُرَيحًا كان يَقضِى فيها أن يُؤَدى إلَى مَواليه -يَعنِى إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ- ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِن مُكاتبَتِه، وما بَقِىَ فلِوَرَثَتِه. فقالَ: شُرَيحٌ يَقضِى فيها بقَضاءِ عبدِ اللَّهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٧٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ العَدلُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٧١ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ ﵀، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا سَعدانُ بنُ نَصرٍ، حدثنا أبو مُعاويَةَ محمدُ بنُ خازِمٍ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٢ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٧١٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٢٥) من طريق الثورى به، وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة قول جابر. وسيأتى فى (٢١٧١١).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٢٥، ٢١٨٠٨) من طريق إسماعيل به. وابن عساكر فى تاريخه ١٩/ ٣١٧ من طريق الشعبى به، مقتصرًا على رأى زيد.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٠٠). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٢٤) من طريق عبيد اللَّه به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٢ من طريق نافع به.","vol":"21","page":464},{"text":"الضَّريرُ، عن عمرِو بنِ مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ يَسارٍ -عن عائشةَ -﵂- قال: استأذَنتُ عَلَيها فقالَت: مَن هذا؟ فقُلتُ: سُلَيمانُ. قالَت: كَم بَقِىَ عَلَيكَ مِن مُكاتَبَتِكَ؟ قال: قُلتُ: عَشرُ أواقٍ. قالَتِ: ادخُلْ، فإِنَّكَ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيكَ دِرهَمٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضِى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، حدثنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى سعيدُ بنُ مُسلِمٍ المَدَنِىُّ قال: سَمِعتُ سالِمَ سَبَلانَ مَولَى النَّصريِّينَ يَذكُرُ أنَّه كان يُكرِى عائشةَ أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ -﵂- فى الحَجِّ والعُمرَةِ. قال: فكاتَبْتُ ثُمَّ جِئتُ فوَقَفتُ بالبابِ فاستأذَنتُ استِئذانًا لَم أكُنْ أستأذِنُه، فأنكَرَت ذَلِكَ وقالَت: يا بُنَىَّ ما لَكَ لا تَدخُلُ؟ قال: قُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى كاتَبتُ. قالَت: فادخُلْ علىَّ ما كان عَلَيكَ دِرهَمٌ؛ فإِنَّكَ لا تَزالُ مَملوكًا ما كان عَلَيكَ مِن كِتابَتِكَ دِرهَمٌ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٧٣ - قال: أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ قَيسٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ القاسِمِ، عن أبيه قال: إن كُنَّ أُمَّهاتُ المُؤمِنينَ ليَكونُ لِبَعضِهِنَّ المُكاتَبُ، فتَكشِفُ له الحِجابَ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ، فإِذا قَضَى أرخَتْه دونَه (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٧٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه،\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٣٦٧٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٢ من طريق سالم سبلان به بنحوه.\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (١٣٦٧٧)، وفى الآداب ص ٤٠٧. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٥١: عمر متروك.","vol":"21","page":465},{"text":"حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى قِلابَةَ قال: كُنَّ أزواجُ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يَحتَجِبنَ مِن مُكاتَبٍ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دينارٌ.\nواختَلَفَتِ الرِّواياتُ فيه عن عُمَرَ -﵁-، فرُوِىَ عنه كما:\n\n٢١٦٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن مَعبَدٍ الجُهَنِىِّ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ قال: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ (^١).\nورُوِىَ عنه كما:\n\n٢١٦٧٦ - أخبرَنا أبو القاسِمِ عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ الحُرْفِىُّ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ بنُ عُقبَةَ السُّوَائىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ المَسعودِىِّ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، عن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: إذا أدَّى المُكاتَبُ النِّصفَ لَم يُستَرَقَّ (^٢). القاسِمُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ لا يَثبُتُ سَماعُه مِن جابِرِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، وهو إن صحَّ فكأنَّه أرادَ أنَّه قَد قَرُبَ أن يَعتِقَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ١/ ١١٣ عن يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٢٦) من طريق ابن أبى عروبة به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١١ من طريق سفيان به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٤٨٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٤١) من طريق عبد الرحمن بن عبد اللَّه المسعودى به.","vol":"21","page":466},{"text":"فالأولَى أن يُمهَلَ حَتَّى يَكتَسِبَ ما بَقِىَ، ولا يُرَدَّ إلَى الرِّقِّ بالعَجزِ عن الباقِى، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٦٧٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن مَعمَرٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: طَلَّقَ مُكاتَبٌ امرأتَه على عَهدِ عثمانَ، فأنزَلَه مَنزِلَةَ العَبدِ (^١).\n\n٢١٦٧٨ - وعن ابنِ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لا يُقامُ على المُكاتَبِ إلَّا حَدُّ العَبدِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4451>بابُ ما جاءَ فى المُكاتَبِ يُصيبُ حَدًّا أو ميراثًا أو يُقتَلُ</span>\n\n٢١٦٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"إذا أصابَ المُكاتَبُ حَدًّا أو ميراثًا، ورِثَ بحِسابِ ما عَتَقَ مِنه، وأُقيمَ عَلَيه الحَدُّ بحِسابِ ما عَتَقَ مِنه\" (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٨٠ - وبِهَذا الإسنادِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يُودَى المُكاتَبُ بحِصَّةِ ما أدَّى ديَةَ حُرٍّ، وما بَقِىَ ديَةَ عبدٍ\" (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٩٤٤) عن معمر بمعناه. وينظر ما تقدم فى (١٥٢٥٦، ١٥٢٥٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٣١، ٢٨٧٥٨) من طريق على بن مبارك (ابن المبارك) به بلفظ: حد المكاتب حد المملوك.\n(^٣) أخرجه الترمذى (١٢٥٩)، والنسائى (٤٨٢٥) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به.\n(^٤) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٨٩)، والترمذى (١٢٥٩) من طريق يزيد بن هارون به، وقال الترمذى: حسن.","vol":"21","page":467},{"text":"قال أبو عيسَى فيما بَلَغَنِى عنه: سألتُ البُخارِىَّ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: رَوَى بَعضُهُم هذا الحديثَ عن أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن علىٍّ (^١).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يَعنِى به الحديثَ الثّانِىَ، فأمّا الأوَّلُ فهو مِن أفرادِ حَمّادٍ:\n\n٢١٦٨١ - أخبَرَناه أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىُّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عَفّانُ، حدثنا وُهَيبٌ، حدثنا أيّوبُ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن علىٍّ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"يُودَى المُكاتَبُ بقَدرِ ما أدَّى\" (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورِوايَةُ عِكرِمَةَ عن علىٍّ مُرسَلَةٌ.\nورَواه حَمَّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ وإِسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ عن أيّوبَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مُرسَلًا، وجَعَلَه إسماعيلُ قَولَ عِكرِمَةَ (^٣).\nقال البخارىُّ ﵀: ورَوَى يَحيَى بنُ أبى كَثيرٍ هَذا الحَديثَ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\nقال الشيخُ: واختُلِفَ عَلَيه فى رَفعِهِ:\n_________\n(^١) العلل الكبير (٣٣٠).\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (٧٢٣) عن عفان به. والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٢) من طريق وهيب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه أبو داود عقب (٤٥٨٢) معلقا عن حماد به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٠ من طريق حماد بن زيد به، وعنده دون ذكر إسماعيل.","vol":"21","page":468},{"text":"٢١٦٨٢ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ وأبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحُسَينُ بنُ الحَسَنِ الغَضائرِىُّ ببَغدادَ قالا: حدثنا أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الرَّزَازُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ ثَوَابٍ التَّغلِبِىُّ، حدثنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا هِشامٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيبٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"يُودَى المُكاتَبُ بقَدرِ ما عَتَقَ مِنه ديَةَ الحُرِّ، وبِقَدرِ ما رَقَّ مِنه ديَةَ العَبدِ\". زادَ أبو داودَ فى رِوايَتِه قال: وكانَ علىٌّ ومَرْوانُ يَقولانِ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nقال أبو علىٍّ التَّغلِبِىُّ: فسألتُ أحمدَ بنَ حَنبَلٍ عن هذا الحديثِ فقالَ: أنا أذهَبُ إلَى حَديثِ بَريرَةَ؛ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أمَرَ بشِرائها. يَعنِى أنَّها بَقِيت على حُكمِ الرِّقِّ حَتَّى أمَرَ بشِرائها.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن هِشامٍ الدَّستُوائىِّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٨٣ - ورَواه محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ عن هِشامٍ عن يَحيَى عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِثلَه ولَم يَرفَعْه. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدٍ المُقرِئُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أبى بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، عن هِشامٍ. فذَكَرَه، قال: وقالَ يَحيَى:\n_________\n(^١) الطيالسى (٢٨٠٩). وأخرجه أبو داود (٤٥٨١)، والنسائى (٤٨٢٧) من طريق ابن أبى كثير به. وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٨٢٩).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (١٩٤٤، ٢٣٥٦)، والنسائى فى الكبير (٥٠١٩) من طرق أخرى عن هشام به.","vol":"21","page":469},{"text":"وكانَ علىٌّ ومَرْوانُ يَقولانِ ذَلِكَ (^١).\nورَواه حَجَّاجٌ الصَّوّافُ ومُعاويَةُ بنُ سَلَّامٍ وأبانُ بنُ يَزيدَ عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ مَرفوعًا (^٢).\nورَواه علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ عن يَحيَى مَرفوعًا، وزادَ فيه عن ابنِ عباسٍ مِن قَولِه ما يُخالِفُ الحديثَ المَرفوعَ فى القياسِ، ويُخالِفُ ما رَواه حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ فى النَّصِّ:\n\n٢١٦٨٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ بنِ الحَسَنِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ مُكرَمٍ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قَضَى رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى المُكاتَبِ يُقتَلُ بديَةِ الحُرِّ على قَدرِ ما أدَّى مِنه. قال يَحيَى: قال عِكرِمَةُ عن ابنِ عباسٍ: يُقامُ عَلَيه حَدُّ المَملوكِ (^٣).\nحَديثُ عِكرِمَةَ إذا وقَعَ فيه الاختِلافُ وجَبَ التَّوَقُّفُ فيه، وهَذا المَذهَبُ إنَّما يُروَى عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-؛ وهو أنَّه يَعتِقُ بقَدرِ ما أدَّى، وفِى ثُبوتِه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- نَظَرٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرج ابن أبى شيبة قول على ومروان فى (٢٨٣١٩) عن محمد بن جعفر به.\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٣٤٢٣)، وأبو داود (٤٥٨١)، والنسائى (٤٨٢٤) من طريق حجاج به. والنسائى (٤٨٢٣) من طريق معاوية به. وأحمد (٢٦٦٠) من طريق أبان به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٢٠)، والحاكم ٢/ ٢١٨. وأخرجه ابن الجارود فى المنتقى (٩٨٢) من طريق عثمان بن عمر به. والنسائى (٤٨٢٢)، والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١١ من طريق على بن المبارك به. وعند النسائى بالمرفوع فقط.","vol":"21","page":470},{"text":"٢١٦٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن طارِقِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قال: سَمِعتُ الشَّعبِىَّ يقولُ: كان زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ يقولُ: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ. وكانَ علىٌّ -﵁- يقولُ: يَعتِقُ مِنه بالحِسابِ بقَدرِ ما أدَّى (^١).\n\n٢١٦٨٦ - وعن طارِقٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁-، قال: المُكاتَبُ يَرِثُ بقَدرِ ما أدَّى (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن المُغيرَةِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: إذا أدَّى المُكاتَبُ قيمَةَ رَقَبَتِه فهو غَريمٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٦٨٨ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: قال عبدُ اللَّهِ: إذا أدَّى المُكاتَبُ ثُلُثًا أو رُبُعًا فهو غَريمٌ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٢١) عن الثورى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٧/ ١٨٠، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٤٧) من طريق الثورى به بمعناه.\n(^٣) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٢ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وعبد الرزاق عقب (١٥٧٣٧) عن الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٢ من طريق يزيد بن هارون به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٨٣٨) من طريق إبراهيم به.","vol":"21","page":471},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4452>بابُ الحَديثِ الَّذِى رُوِىَ فى الاحتِجابِ عن المُكاتَبِ إذا كان عِندَه ما يُؤَدِّى</span>\n\n٢١٦٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ المَوصِلِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن الزُّهرِىُّ، عن نَبهانَ مُكاتَبٍ لأُمِّ سلمةَ قال: سَمِعتُ أُمِّ سلمةَ تَقولُ: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"إذا كان لإِحداكُنَّ مُكاتَبٌ وكانَ عِندَه ما يُؤَدِّى فلتَحتَجِبْ مِنه\" (^١).\n\n٢١٦٩٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا مُسَدَّدُ بنُ مُسَرهَدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه بمِثلِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الصَّنعانِىُّ بمَكَّةَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، حَدَّثَنِى نَبهانُ مُكاتَبُ أُمِّ سلمةَ قال: إنِّى لأقودُ بها بالبَيداءِ أو بالأبواءِ قالَت: مَن هَذا؟ فقُلتُ: أنا نَبهانُ. فقالَت: إنِّى قَد تَرَكتُ بَقيَّةَ كِتابَتِكَ لاِبنِ أخِى محمدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ أعَنتُه به فى نِكاحِه. قال: فقُلتُ: لا واللَّهِ لا أُؤَدّيه إلَيه أبَدًا. قالَت: إن كان إنَّما بكَ أن تَدخُلَ علىَّ أو تَرانِى فواللَّهِ لا تَرانِى أبَدًا؛ إنِّى سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: \"إذا كان عِندَ المُكاتَبِ ما يُؤَدِّى فاحتَجِبنَ مِنه\" (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أحمد (٢٦٤٧٣)، والترمذى (١٢٦١)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٩٢٢٨)، وابن ماجه (٢٥٢٠) من طريق سفيان به، وقال الترمذى: حسن صحح.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٢٨). وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف أبى داود (٨٤٨).\n(^٣) الحاكم ٢/ ٢١٩ وصححه، وعبد الرزاق (١٥٧٢٩). وأخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ٣٠١ (٦٧٦) عن =","vol":"21","page":472},{"text":"ورَواه الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ فى \"القديم\" عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ قال: ولَم أحفَظْ عن سُفيانَ أنَّ الزُّهرِىَّ سَمِعَه مِن نَبهانَ، ولَم أرَ مَن رَضِيتُ مِن أهلِ العِلمِ يُثبِتُ واحِدًا مِن هَذَينِ الحديثَينِ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ (^١).\nيُريدُ حَديثَ نَبهانَ وحَديثَ عمرِو بنِ شُعَيبٍ أن النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"مَن كاتَبَ عبدَه على مِائَةِ أوقيَّةٍ فأدّاها إلا عَشْرَ أواقٍ فهو رَقيقٌ\". والشّافِعِىُّ ﵀ إنَّما رَوَى حَديثَ عمرٍو مُنقَطِعًا، وقَد رُوّيناه مِن أوجُهٍ عن عمرٍو عن أبيه عن جَدِّه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-.\nوحَديثُ نَبهانَ قَد ذَكَرَ فيه مَعمَرٌ سَماعَ الزُّهرِىِّ مِن نَبهانَ، إلا أن البُخارِىَّ ومُسلِمًا صاحِبَى \"الصحيح\" لَم يُخرِجا حَديثَه فى \"الصحيح\"، وكأنَّه لَم يَثبُتْ عَدالَتُه عِندَهُما، أو لَم يَخرُجْ مِن حَدِّ الجَهالَةِ برِوايَةِ عَدلٍ عنه، وقَد رَوَى غَيرُ الزُّهرِىِّ عنه إن كان مَحفوظًا، وهو فيما رَواه قَبيصَةُ عن سُفيانَ عن محمدِ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ عن مُكاتَبٍ مَولَى أُمِّ سلمةَ يُقالُ له نَبهانُ. فذَكَرَ هذا الحديثَ هَكَذا، قالَه ابنُ خُزَيمَةَ عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىِّ عن قَبيصَةَ (^٢).\nوذَكَرَ محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى الذُّهلِىُّ أن محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ مَولَى آلِ طَلحَةَ رَوَى عن الزُّهرِىِّ قال: كان لأُمِّ سلمةَ مُكاتَبٌ يقُالُ له نَبهانُ. ورَواه عن\n_________\n= إسحاق بن إبراهيم الدبرى به مختصرًا. وأحمد (٢٦٦٢٩)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٩) من طريق معمر به مختصرًا. وابن حبان (٤٣٢٢) من طريق الزهرى به.\n(^١) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦١٠٥).\n(^٢) أخرجه الطبرانى ٢٣/ ٣٠٢ (٦٧٧) من طريق قبيصة به.","vol":"21","page":473},{"text":"محمدِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن سُفيانَ عنه (^١)، فعادَ الحَديثُ إلَى رِوايَةِ الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وقَد يَجوزُ أن يَكونَ أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُمَّ سلمةَ -إن كان أمَرَها- بالحِجابِ مِن مُكاتَبِها إذا كان عِندَه ما يُؤَدِّى على ما عَظَّمَ اللَّهُ به أزواجَ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أُمَّهاتِ المُؤمِنينَ رَحِمَهُنَّ اللَّهُ وخَصَّصَهُنَّ (^٣) به وفَرَّقَ بَينَهُنَّ وبَينَ النِّساءِ إنِ اتَّقَينَ. ثُمَّ تَلا الآياتِ فى اختِصاصِهِنَّ بأن جَعَلَ عَلَيهِنَّ الحِجابَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ وهُنَّ أُمَّهاتُ المُؤمِنينَ، ولَم يَجعَلْ على امرأةٍ سِواهُنَّ أن تَحتَجِبَ مِمَّن يَحرُمُ عَلَيه نِكاحُها، وكانَ قَولُه -ﷺ- إن كان قالَه: \"إذا كان لإِحداكُنَّ\". يَعنى أزواجَه خاصَّةً. ثُمَّ ساقَ الكَلامَ إلَى أن قال: ومَعَ هذا إنَّ احتِجابَ المَرأةِ مِمَّن له أن يَراها واسِعٌ لها، وقَدَ أمَرَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- يَعنِى سَودَةَ، أن تَحتَجِبَ مِن رَجُلٍ قَضَى أنَّه أخوها، وذَلِكَ يُشبِهُ أن يَكونَ لِلاِحتياطِ، وأنَّ الاحتِجابَ مِمَّن له أن يَراها مُباحٌ (^٤).\nوقالَ أبو العباسِ ابنُ سُرَيجٍ فى مَعناه: هذا ليُحَرِّكَه احتِجابُهُنَّ عنه على تَعجيلِ الأداءِ والمَصيرِ إلَى الحُرّيَّةِ، ولا يَترُكَ ذَلِكَ مِن أجلِ دُخولِه عَلَيهِنَّ.\n\n٢١٦٩٢ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ القاضى وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ سِمعانَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ، أن أُمَّ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٢٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) ينظر علل الدارقطنى (٣٩٧٨)، والسلسلة الضعيفة ١٢/ ٩٠١.\n(^٣) فى نسخة المصنف: \"وخصهن\".\n(^٤) ذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦١٠٥).","vol":"21","page":474},{"text":"سلمةَ زَوجَ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- باعَت نَبهانَ مُكاتبًا لها، فقالَت: ادفَعْ ما بَقِىَ مِن كِتابَتِكَ إلَى ابنِ أخِى ابنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، فإِنِّى قَد أعَنتُه بها، ثُمَّ لا تُكَلِّمْنِى إلَّا مِن وراءِ حِجابٍ. فبَكَى نَبهانُ، فقالَت أُمُّ سلمةَ -﵂-: إنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لَنا: \"إذا كاتَبَتْ إحداكُنَّ عبدَها فلْيَرَها ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه شَئٌ مِن كِتابَتِه، فإِذا قَضاها فلا يُكَلَّمْنَ (^١) إلَّا مِن وراءِ حِجابٍ\". هَكَذا رَواه عبدُ اللَّه بنُ زيادِ بنِ سِمعانَ وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢)، ورِوايَةُ الثِّقاتِ عن الزُّهرِىِّ بخِلافِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4453>بابُ مَن لَم يَكرَه لأحَدٍ أن يأخُذَ مِن مُكاتَبِه صَدَقاتِ النّاسِ فريضَةً ونافِلَةً</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: قَد كان رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لا يأكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ، وأكَلَ مِن صَدَقَةٍ تُصُدِّقَ بها على بَريرَةَ وقالَ: \"هِىَ لَنا هَديَّةٌ وعَلَيها صَدَقَةٌ\" (^٤).\n\n٢١٦٩٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مالكُ بنُ أنَسٍ، عن رَبيعَةَ، عن القاسِمِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن عائشةَ زَوجِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّها قالَت: كان فى بَريرَةَ ثلاثُ سُنَنٍ: خُيِّرَتْ على زَوجِها حينَ أُعتِقَت، وأُهدِىَ لها لَحمٌ فدَخَلَ (^٥) رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- والبُرمَةُ على النّارِ، فدَعا بطَعامٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"تكلمن\"، وفى نسخة المصنف بدون نقط.\n(^٢) تقدم عقب (٢٤٠٤).\n(^٣) بعده فى نسخة المصنف: \"كما تقدم\".\n(^٤) الأم ٨/ ٣٢.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"على\".","vol":"21","page":475},{"text":"فأُتِىَ بخُبزٍ وأَدَمٍ مِن أَدَمِ البَيتِ، فقالَ: \"ألَم أرَ بُرمَةً على النّارِ فيها لَحمٌ؟ \". قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، ذَلِكَ لَحمٌ تُصُدِّقَ به على بَريرَةَ فكَرِهنا أن نُطعِمَكَ مِنه. فقالَ: \"هو عَلَيها صَدَقَةٌ، وهو مِنها لَنا هَديَّةٌ\". وقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- فيها: \"إنَّما الوَلاءُ لِمَن أعتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ وغَيرِه عن مالكٍ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن أبى الطاهِرِ عن ابنِ وهبٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4454>بابُ مَن كَرِهَ أخذَها فأبرأَه مِن مالِ الكِتابَةِ بقَدَرِها</span>\n\n٢١٦٩٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ قالا: حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ بُرقانَ، عن مَيمونِ بنِ مِهرانَ قال: كاتَبَ ابنُ عُمَرَ غُلامًا له، فجاءَ بنَجمِه حينَ حَلَّ، فقالَ: مِن أينَ هَذا؟ قال: كُنتُ أسألُ وأعمَلُ. فقالَ: تُريدُ أن تُطعِمَنِى أوساخَ النّاسِ؟! أنتَ حُرٌّ ولَكَ نَجمُكَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4455>بابُ ما جاءَ فى تَفسيرِ قَولِه ﷿: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ [النور: ٣٣]</span>\n\n٢١٦٩٥ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى يوسُفُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة فى مسنده (٤٧٧٨)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٣٨٧) من طريق ابن وهب به. وتقدم فى (١٢١٧٣، ١٤٠٧٣) من طريق مالك به.\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٠٩٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١٤).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٢٠). وأخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٣١/ ١٣٥ من طريق جعفر بن برقان به.","vol":"21","page":476},{"text":"حَجّاجٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو زَكَريّا العَنبَرِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ السلامِ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو سَعدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدٍ المالينِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو أحمدَ ابنُ عَدِىٍّ الحافظُ، أخبرَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا إسحاقُ الحَنظَلِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ - أن عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ حَبيبٍ أخبَرَه -وفِى رِوايَةِ حَجّاجٍ: عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَبيبٍ- عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵄-، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال: \"رُبُعَ المُكاتَبَةِ\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: \"يَترُكُ لِلمُكاتَبِ الرُّبُعَ\". زادَ حَجّاجُ بنُ محمدٍ قال: قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأخبَرَنِى غَيرُ واحِدٍ مِمَّن سَمِع هذا الحديثَ مِن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ أنَّه لَم يَرفَعْه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: ورَفَعَه لِى (^١).\n\n٢١٦٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحُسَينِ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ وهِشامُ بنُ أبى عبدِ اللَّهِ قالا: أنبأنا عَطاءُ بنُ السّائبِ، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال: رُبُعَ الكِتابَةِ (^٢).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٢٥)، والحاكم ٢/ ٣٩٧ وصححه، وعبد الرزاق (١٥٥٨٩). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٣٥، ٥٠٣٦) عن يوسف بن سعيد به. وفى (٥٠٣٤) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم به. وليس عند أحد منهم قول ابن جريج: ورفعه لى.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٩٠)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٣٦)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٣، ٢٨٤، ٢٨٧ من طريق عطاء به.","vol":"21","page":477},{"text":"هذا هو الصحيحُ مَوقوفٌ.\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه ورقاءُ بنُ عمرٍو وخالِدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ وأسباطُ بنُ محمدٍ عن عَطاءِ بنِ السّائبِ مَوقوفًا (^١).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه غَيرُ عَطاءٍ عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ حَبيبٍ السُّلَمِىِّ عن علىٍّ -﵁- مَوقوفًا:\n\n٢١٦٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدِ ابنُ بلالٍ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ والثَّورِىُّ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ العباسُ بنُ الفَضلِ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، كُلُّهُم عن عبدِ الأعلَى، عن أبى عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىِّ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- فى قَولِه: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال: الرُّبُعَ. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى عَوانَةَ: الرُّبُعَ مِن مُكاتَبَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٩٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَردَستانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى قال: شَهِدتُ أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ السُّلَمِىَّ كاتَبَ عبدًا له على أربَعَةِ آلافٍ، وشَرَطَ عَلَيه: إن عَجَزَ فهو رَدٌّ فى الرِّقِّ، وما أخَذتُ فهو\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرحمن بن الحسن فى تفسير مجاهد ص ٤٩٢ من طريق ورقاء به. والضياء فى المختارة (٥٧٥) من طريق أسباط به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٣٥)، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٣، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٥٠٩) من طريق عبد الأعلى به.","vol":"21","page":478},{"text":"لِى. ووَضَعَ عنه الألفَ الباقِىَ مِنَ الأربَعَةِ وقالَ: إنِّى سَمِعتُ خَليلَكَ عَليًّا -﵁- يقولُ: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ هو (^١) الرُّبُعُ (^٢).\n\n٢١٦٩٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن أبى شَبيبٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أن عُمَرَ -﵁- كاتَبَ عبدًا له يُكنَى بأبِى أُمَيَّةَ، فجاءَه بنَجمِه حينَ حَلَّ، فقالَ: اذهَبْ فاستَعِنْ به فى مُكاتَبَتِكَ. فقالَ: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، لَو تَرَكْتَه حَتَّى يَكونَ آخِرَ نَجمٍ. قال: إنِّى أخافُ ألَّا أُدرِكَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال عِكرِمَةُ: وكانَ أوَّلَ نَجمٍ أُدِّىَ فى الإسلامِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأَردَستانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ أبى بَشيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى فَضالَةُ بنُ أبى أُمَيَّةَ، عن أبيه، أن عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كاتبَه، فاستَقرَضَ له مِائَتَينِ مِن حَفصَةَ إلَى عَطائِه فأعانَه بها. قال: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِعِكرِمَةَ فقالَ: هو قَولُ اللَّهِ ﷿: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: م، وفى س: \"ترك\".\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٩١)، والطحاوى فى شرح المشكل ١١/ ١٦٥ من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٣٩)، وابن أبى حاتم (١٤٥١٠) من طريق وكيع به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٥٩٢)، وابن سعد فى الطبقات ٧/ ١١٨، وابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٤، ٢٨٥ من طريق الثورى به.","vol":"21","page":479},{"text":"٢١٧٠١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا الثِّقَةُ، عن أيّوبَ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ زُرارَةَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ هو ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن أيّوبَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كاتَبَ عبدًا له بخَمسَةٍ وثَلاثينَ ألفًا، ووَضَعَ عنه خَمسَةَ آلافٍ، أحسِبُه قال: مِن آخِرِ نُجومِهِ (^١). لَفظُ حَديثِهِما سَواءٌ.\n\n٢١٧٠٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن نافِعٍ أنَّه قال: كاتَبَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ غُلامًا له يُقالُ له شَرْفَا على خَمسَةٍ وثَلاثينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، فوَضَعَ له مِن آخِرِ كِتابَتِه خَمسَةَ آلافِ دِرهَمٍ. ولَم يَذكُرْ نافِعٌ أنَّه أعطاه شَيئًا غَيرَ الَّذِى وضَعَ لَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريَّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ الطَّرائفِىُّ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ سعيدٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ صالِحٍ، عن مُعاويَةَ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن علىِّ بنِ أبى طَلحَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾. يقولُ: ضَعوا عَنهُم مِن مُكاتبَتِهِم (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٠٦)، وفى الصغرى (٤٥٢٨)، والشافعى ٨/ ٣٣.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٦ من طريق ابن وهب به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٥، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٥١١) من طريق أبى صالح (عبد اللَّه بن صالح) به.","vol":"21","page":480},{"text":"٢١٧٠٤ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو الأزهَرِ، حدثنا رَوحٌ، حدثنا حَمّادٌ، عن الجُرَيرِىِّ، عن أبى نَضرَةَ، عن أبى سعيدٍ مَولَى أبى أُسَيدٍ أنَّه كاتَبَ مَولًى له على ألفِ دِرهَمٍ ومِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ. قال: فأتَيتُه بمُكاتبَتِى، فرَدَّ علىَّ مِائَتَى دِرهَمٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن محمدِ بنِ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان ابنُ عُمَرَ يُحِبُّ أن يَكونَ ما تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ مِن آخِرِ مُكاتَبَتِهِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٠٦ - قال: حَدَّثَنا هُشَيمٌ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ مِثلَه (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٠٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عَطيَّةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ فى قَولِه: ﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال: كان يُعجِبُهُم أن يَدَعَ الرَّجُلُ لِمُكاتَبِه طائفَةً مِن مُكاتَبَتِهِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٠٨ - وعن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ فى قَولِه:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن جرير فى تفسيره ١٧/ ٢٨٦ من طريق الجريرى به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٣٦) من طريق آخر عن ابن عمر، وزاد فيه: مخافة أن يعجز.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٣٧) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٤) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٤٠)، وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٥١٤) من طريق الحكم به.","vol":"21","page":481},{"text":"﴿وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ﴾ قال: يَترُكُ له (^١) طائفَةً مِنَ المُكاتَبَةِ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4456>بابُ مَوتِ المُكاتَبِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٠٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ له، يَعنِى لِعَطاءٍ: المُكاتَبُ يَموتُ ولَه ولَدٌ أحرارٌ، ويَدَعُ أكثَرَ مِمّا بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِن كِتابَتِه؟ قال: يُقضَى عنه ما بَقِىَ مِن كِتابَتِه، وما كان من فضلٍ فلِبَنيه. فقُلتُ: أبَلَغَكَ هذا عن أحَدٍ؟ قال: زَعَموا أن علىَّ بنَ أبى طالِبٍ كان يَقضِى بهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧١٠ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ طاوُسٍ، عن أبيه أنَّه كان يقولُ: يُقضَى عنه ما عَلَيه، ثُمَّ لِبَنيه ما بَقِىَ. وقالَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ: ما أَراه لِبَنيهِ (^٤).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: يَعنى أنَّه لِسَيِّدِه، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، وبِقولِ عمرِو بنِ دينارٍ (^٥) نَقولُ، وهو قَولُ زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ، فأمّا ما رُوِىَ عن عَطاءٍ أنَّه بَلَغَه عن\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق فى تفسيره ٢/ ٥٩ من طريق ابن أبى نجيح به. وابن أبى حاتم فى تفسيره (١٤٥١٢) من طريق آخر عن مجاهد بنحوه.\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٠٨)، والشافعى ٨/ ٨٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٥٤) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٠٩)، والشافعى ٨/ ٨٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٥٦) عن ابن جريج به بنحوه، دون ذكر عمرو بن دينار.\n(^٥) بعده فى م: \"هذا\".","vol":"21","page":482},{"text":"علىِّ بنِ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-، فهو رَوَى عنه أنَّه كان يقولُ فى المُكاتَبِ: يَعتِقُ مِنه بقَدرِ ما أدَّى. ولا أدرِى أيَثبُتُ عنه أم لا، وإِنَّما نَقولُ بقَولِ زَيدٍ فيهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٧١١ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن ابنِ أبى نَجيحٍ، عن مُجاهِدٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ فى المُكاتَبينَ قال: شُروطُهُم بَينَهُم. وقالَ زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: هو مَملوكٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ. وقالَ علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: يَعتِقُ بقَدرِ ما أدَّى (^٢).\n\n٢١٧١٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ سالِمٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: كان زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ -﵁- يقولُ: المُكاتَبُ عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ، لا يَرِثُ ولا يورَثُ. وكانَ علىٌّ -﵁- يقولُ: إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ وتَرَكَ مالًا قُسِّمَ ما تَرَكَ على ما أدَّى وعَلَى ما بَقِىَ؛ فما أصابَ ما أدَّى فلِلوَرَثَةِ، وما أصابَ ما بَقِىَ فلِمَواليه. وكانَ عبدُ اللَّهِ -﵁- يقولُ: يُؤَدَّى إلَى مَواليه ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه مِن مُكاتَبَتِه، ولِوَرَثَتِه ما بَقِىَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٨٤.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٦٦٨) دون قول على.\n(^٣) تقدم فى (٢١٦٦٩) يقول زيد فقط، وفى (٢١٦٨٥) يقول زيد وعلى بنحوه، دون قول عبد اللَّه فى الموضعين، ودون قول زيد: لا يرث ولا يورث. وأخرج عبد الرزاق قول ابن مسعود فى (١٥٦٥٥) من طريق الشعبى بنحوه.","vol":"21","page":483},{"text":"إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ وقَد أدَّى طائفَةً مِن كِتابَتِه وتَرَكَ مالًا هو أفضَلُ مِن مُكاتَبَتِه. قال: مالُه وما تَرَكَ مِن شَئٍ فهو لِسَيِّدِه، لَيسَ لِوَرَثَتِه مِن مالِه شَئٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٧١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن عُبَيدِ اللِه، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان له مُكاتَبٌ، ولِمُكاتَبِه ولَدٌ مِن وليدَةٍ له، وكانَ قَد أدَّى مِن كِتابَتِه خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ ألفًا، فماتَ فقَبَضَ مالَه كُلَّه، ولَم يَجعَلْ لِوَلَدِه شَيئًا، واستَرَقَّ ولَدَه وقَبَضَ مالَه.\n\n٢١٧١٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا يَزيدُ بنُ هارونَ، أنبأنا ابنُ أبى عَروبَةَ، عن قَتادَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّاب -﵁-: إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ وتَرَكَ مالًا فهو لِمَواليه، ولَيسَ لِوَرَثَتِه شَئٌ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧١٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ الجَوهَرِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سُلَيمانَ التَّيمِىِّ، عن رَجُلٍ، عن مَعبَدٍ الجُهَنىِّ، أن مُعاويَةَ -﵁- كان يقولُ: إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ وتَرَكَ وفاءً يُعطَى مَواليه ما لَهُم،\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٣٠).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨١١) من طريق قتادة به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٥٧: هو منقطع.","vol":"21","page":484},{"text":"وما بَقِىَ كان لِوَرَثَتِه. وكانَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- يقولُ: هو عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4457>بابُ إفلاسِ المُكاتَبِ</span>\n\n٢١٧١٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ له -يَعنِى لِعَطاءٍ-: أفلَسَ مُكاتَبِى وتَرَكَ مالًا، وتَرَكَ دَيْنًا لِلنّاسِ عَلَيه لَم يَدَعْ له وفاءً، أبدأُ بالحَقِّ لِلناسِ قبلَ كِتابَتِى؟ قال: نَعَم. وقالَها لِى عمرو بنُ دينارٍ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: أمَا أُحاصُّهُم بنَجمٍ مِن نُجومِه حَلَّ عَلَيه أنَّه قَد مَلَكَ عَمَلَه [لى سَنَةً] (^٢)؟ قالَ: لا (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ، فإِذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ وعَلَيه دَينٌ بُدِئَ بديونِ النّاسِ؛ لأنَّه ماتَ رَقيقًا وبَطَلَتِ الكِتابَةُ ولا دَينَ لِلسّيِّدِ عَلَيه، وما بَقِىَ مالٌ لِلسّيِّدِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧١٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إدريسَ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٦٤)، وابن عساكر فى تاريخه ٥٩/ ٣١٣ من طريق معبد الجهنى به مطولًا. وتقدم تول عمر فى (٢١٦٧٥).\n(^٢) فى م: \"فى سنته\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١٠)، والشافعى ٨/ ٨٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٤٧) عن ابن جريج به بنحوه.\n(^٤) الأم ٨/ ٨٥. وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦١١٠).","vol":"21","page":485},{"text":"عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عن زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ قال: يُبدأُ بالدَّيْنِ (^١).\n\n٢١٧١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ مَطَرٍ وأبو الحَسَنِ السَّرّاجُ قالا: أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ سُلَيمانَ المَروَزِىُّ، حدثنا عاصِمُ بنُ علىٍّ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: قَتادَةُ أخبرَنِى قال: قُلتُ لِسَعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ: إنَّ شُرَيحًا كان يقولُ: يُبدأُ بالمُكاتبَةِ قبلَ الدَّيْنِ -أو: يُشرَكُ بَينَهُما. شَكَّ شُعبَةُ- فقالَ ابنُ المُسَيَّبِ: أخطأ شُرَيحٌ وإِن كان قاضيًا، قال زَيدُ بنُ ثابِتٍ: يُبدأُ بالدَّيْنِ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: وقَد رُوِىَ عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه قال: يُبدأُ بالدَّيْنِ:\n\n٢١٧٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ حَليمٍ، حدثنا أبو الموَجِّهِ، أنبأنا عبدانُ، أنبأنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن شُرَيحٍ فى المُكاتَبِ يَموتُ وعَلَيه دَينٌ قال: يُبدأُ بدَينِهِ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4458>بابُ كِتابَةِ بَعضِ عبدٍ</span>\n\n٢١٧٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ القَعقاعِ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ فى عبدٍ بَينَ شُرَكاءَ: لَيسَ لأحَدٍ أن يُكاتِبَ دونَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٢٤) من طريق سعيد به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٣١) من طريق شعبة به مختصرًا.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٢٨) من طريق شعبة به.","vol":"21","page":486},{"text":"أصحابِه، فإِن فعَلَ رَدَّ ما قَبَضَ فاقتَسَموه، والعَبدُ بَينَهُم.\n\n٢١٧٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، عن يَعقوبَ، عن مَطَرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ فى عبدٍ بَينَ ثَلاثَةٍ كاتَبَه أحَدُهُم، قال: يُؤخَذُ مِنه ما أخَذَ ويُقسَمُ بَينَ شُرَكائِه، والعَبدُ بَينَهُم لا يَجوزُ كِتابَتُه. قال: وكانَ عَطاءٌ يقولُ: عَلَيه نَفاذُ عِتقِه قَدرَ الَّذِى عَتَقَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٢٣ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى عبدٍ بَينَ رَجُلَينِ، قال: كان يُكرَهُ أن يُكاتِبَ أحَدُهُما إلا بإِذنِ شَريكِه، فإِن فعَلَ قاسَمَه (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4459>بابُ مَن قال: لِلمُكاتَبِ أن يُسافِرَ</span>\n\n٢١٧٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ ابنُ سُرَيجٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ الحَجَبِىُّ، عن عبدِ الواحِدِ بنِ زيادٍ، عن أبى الجَهمِ صَبيحِ بنِ القاسِمِ قال: كاتَبتُ على عِشرينَ ألفًا على ألَّا أخرُجَ مِنَ الكوفَةِ، فسألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ فقالَ: جَعَلوا عَلَيكَ عِشرينَ ألفًا وضَيَّقوا عَلَيكَ الأرضَ؟! اخرُجْ. قال: وسألتُ سعيدَ بنَ جُبَيرٍ فقالَ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٦٥).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٣٧٠).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٠٠)، ويعقوب بن سفيان ٣/ ١٦ من طريق أبى الجهم به بنحوه عن ابن جبير وحده.","vol":"21","page":487},{"text":"٢١٧٢٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا جُبَارَةُ، عن قَيسِ بنِ الرَّبيعِ، عن صَبيحٍ قال: كاتَبتُ على عَشَرَةِ آلافٍ، وشُرِطَ علىَّ ألَّا أخرُجَ، فخاصَمَنِى إلَى شُرَيحٍ، فقالَ: أرَدتَ أن تُضَيَّقَ عَلَيكَ الدُّنيا؟! فاخرُجْ.\n\n٢١٧٢٦ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا السَّرّاجُ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، عن هُشَيمٍ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: شَرطٌ (^١) باطِلٌ، يَخرُجُ إن شاءَ.\nورُوِّيناه عن الشَّعبِىِّ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4460>بابٌ: المُكاتَبُ بَينَ قَومٍ لا يَكونُ لأحَدِهِم أن يأخُذَ مِنه شَيئًا دونَ صاحِبِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ (^٢)، أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: مُكاتَب بَينَ قَومٍ فأرادوا أن يُقاطِعَ بَعضَهُم. قال: لا، إلَّا أن يَكونَ له مِنَ المالِ مِثلُ ما قاطَعَ عَلَيه هَؤُلاءِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبِهَذا نأخُذُ، فلا يَكونُ لأحَدِ الشُّرَكاءِ فى\n_________\n(^١) زاد بعده فى م: \"شرط\".\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"ابن سليمان\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١١)، والشافعى ٨/ ٤٢. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٠٣) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":488},{"text":"المُكاتَبِ أن يأخُذَ مِنَ المُكاتَبِ شَيئًا دونَ صاحِبِهِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4461>بابُ ولَدِ المُكاتَبِ مِن جاريَتِه، ووَلَدِ المُكاتَبَةِ مِن زَوجِها</span>\n\n٢١٧٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا حَفصُ بنُ غِياثٍ، عن جَعفَرِ بنِ محمدٍ، عن أبيه، عن علىٍّ قال: ولَدُها بمَنزلتِه (^٢). يَعنِى المُكاتَبَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٢٩ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن أيّوبَ السَّختيانِىِّ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ، عن شُرَيحٍ أنَّه سُئلَ عن بَيعِ ولَدِ المُكاتَبَةِ. فقالَ: ولَدُها مِنها؛ إن أُعَتِقَت (^٤) عَتَقَ، وإِن رَقَّت رَقَّ (^٥).\n\n٢١٧٣٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا سفيانُ عن المُغيرَةِ عن إبراهيمَ قال: يُباعُ ولَدُها لِلعِتقِ، تَستَعينُ به الأُمُّ فى مُكاتبَتِها. وقَولُ شُرَيحٍ أحَبُّ إلَى سُفيانَ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) الأم ٨/ ٤٢، وذكره المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦١١١).\n(^٢) فى م: \"بمنزلتها\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"المكاتبة\".\nوالأثر محمد ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٩٣٥)، وعنه الحاكم كما فى إتحاف الخيرة المهرة ٧/ ٢٩٣ (٦٨٦٨).\n(^٤) فى نسخة المصنف، م: \"عتقت\".\n(^٥) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٣٥) من طريق الثورى به.\n(^٦) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٣٧) من طريق الثورى به بنحوه.","vol":"21","page":489},{"text":"٢١٧٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: المُكاتَبُ لا يَشتَرِطُ أن ما ولَدَتْ مِن ولَدٍ فإِنَّه فى كِتابَتِى، ثُمَّ يولَدُ. قال: هُم فى كِتابَتِهِ، وقالَ ذَلِكَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٣٢ - قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وأخبَرَنِى ابنُ أبى مُلَيكَةَ أن أُمَّه كوتِبَت ثُمَّ ولَدَت ولَدَينِ، ثُمَّ ماتَت، فسألتُ عَنها عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ، فقالَ: إن أقاما بكِتابَةِ أُمِّهِما فذَلِكَ لَهُما، فإِن قَضَياها عَتَقا، وقالَ ذَلِكَ عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٣٣ - قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: وقالَ عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ: إن كاتَبَ ولا ولَدَ له، ثُمَّ وُلِدَ له مِن سُرِّيَّةٍ له فماتَ أبوهُم لَم يوضَعْ عَنهُم شَئٌ، وكانوا على كِتابَةِ أبيهِم إن شاءوا، وإِن أحَبّوا مُحيَت كِتابَةُ أبيهِم وكانوا عَبيدًا له (^٣).\nكَذا قالوا، ونَحنُ نَقولُ: إذا ماتَ المُكاتَبُ أوِ المُكاتبَةُ قبلَ أداءِ مالِ الكِتابَةِ، ماتا رَقيقَينِ وأولادُهُما رَقيقٌ؛ استِدلالًا بما مَضى فى المُكاتَبِ أنَّه عبدٌ ما بَقِىَ عَلَيه دِرهَمٌ.\n\n٢١٧٣٤ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ،\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٣١) عن ابن جريج به بنحوه.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٣٢)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٩٣٣) من طريق ابن جريج به بنحوه. وليس عند ابن أبى شيبة قوله: وقال ذلك عمرو.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٤٨) عن ابن جريج به بنحوه.","vol":"21","page":490},{"text":"أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: رَجُلٌ كاتَبَ عبدًا له وقاطَعَه فكَتَمَه مالًا له وعَبيدًا ومالًا غَيرَ ذَلِكَ. قال: هو لِلسَّيِّدِ. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى (^١).\n\n٢١٧٣٥ - وبِإِسنادِه قال: أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: فإِن كان السَّيِّدُ قَد سألَه مالَه فكَتَمَه؟ قال: هو لِسَيِّدِه. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: فكَتَمَه ولَدًا له مِن أمَةٍ له أو لَم يَسألْه؟ قال: هو لِسَيِّدِه. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ وسُلَيمانُ بنُ موسَى. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: قُلتُ له: أرأيتَ إن كان سَيِّدُه قَد عَلِمَ بوَلَدِ العَبدِ فلَم يَذكُرْه السَّيِّدُ ولا العَبدُ عِندَ الكِتابَةِ؟ قال: فلَيسَ فى كِتابَتِه، هو مالُ سَيِّدِهِما. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4462>بابُ تَعجيلِ الكِتابَةِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ إسماعيلَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ يَحيَى القَراطيسِىُّ، حدثنا مُعاذُ بنُ مُعاذٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ سوَيدِ بنِ مَنجوفٍ، حدثنا أنَسُ بنُ سيرينَ، عن أبيه قال: كاتبَنِى أنَسُ بنُ مالكٍ على عِشرينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، فكُنتُ فيمَن فتَحَ تُستَرَ، فاشتَرَيتُ رِثَّةً (^٣) فرَبِحتُ فيها، فأتَيتُ أنَسَ بنَ\n_________\n(^١) الشافعى ٨/ ٥٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٢٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٤٧٠) من طريق ابن جريج به، وعندهما: هو للعبد.\n(^٢) الشافعى ٨/ ٥٤. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٢٥، ١٥٦٢٦) عن ابن جريج به بنحوه.\n(^٣) الرِّثَّة: الخَلَق الخسيس البالى من كل شئ، والسقط من متاع البيت. التاج ٥/ ٢٥٧ (ر ث ث).","vol":"21","page":491},{"text":"مالكٍ بكِتابَتِه فأبَى أنْ يَقبَلَها مِنِّى إلا نُجومًا، فأتَيتُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له فقالَ: أرادَ أنَسٌ الميراثَ. وكَتَبَ إلَى أنَسٍ أنِ اقبَلْها مِنَ الرَّجُلِ، فقَبِلَها (^١).\n\n٢١٧٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الاسفَرايينِىُّ، حدثنا زاهِرُ بنُ أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا أبو الزِّنباعِ رَوحُ بنُ الفَرَجِ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ بُكَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ اللَّيثِىُّ، عن سعيدِ بنِ أبى سعيدٍ المَقبُرِىِّ أنَّه حَدَّثَه عن أبيه قال: اشتَرَتنِى امرأةٌ مِن بَنِى لَيثٍ بسوقِ ذِى المَجازِ بسَبعِمِائَةِ دِرهَمٍ، ثُمَّ قَدِمتُ المَدينَةَ فكاتَبَتنِى على أربَعينَ ألفَ دِرهَمٍ، فأدَّيتُ إلَيها عامَّةَ ذَلِكَ. قال: ثُمَّ حَمَلتُ ما بَقِىَ إلَيها. قال: فقُلتُ: هذا مالُكِ فاقبِضيه. قالَت: لا واللَّهِ حَتَّى آخُذَه مِنكَ شَهرًا بشَهرٍ وسَنَةً بسَنَةٍ. فخَرَجَتُ به إلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لَه، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: ادفَعْه إلَى بَيتِ المالِ. ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إلَيها فقالَ: هذا مالُكِ فى بَيتِ المالِ وقَد عَتَقَ أبو سعيدٍ، فإِنْ شِئتِ فخُذِى شَهرًا بشَهرٍ وسَنَةً بسَنَةٍ. قال: فأرسَلَتْ فأخَذَتْه (^٢). قال أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ: هذا حَديثٌ حَسنٌ.\n\n٢١٧٣٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٣٢)، والمعرفة (٦١١٦). وأخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٧/ ١٢٠ من طريق معاذ بن معاذ به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصفرى (٤٥٣٤). وأخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٢٢ عن أبى بكر النيسابورى به. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٥٩: الليثى ضعفوه.","vol":"21","page":492},{"text":"إسرائيلَ، عن عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ رُفَيع، عن أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا كاتَبَ غُلامًا له فنَجَّمَها نُجومًا، فأتَى بمُكاتبَتِه كُلِّها فأبَى أنْ يأخُذَها إلّا نُجومًا، فأتَى المُكاتَبُ عُمَرَ -﵁- فأرسَلَ عُمَرُ -﵁- إلَى مَولاه فجاءَ، فعَرَضَ عَلَيه فأبَى أنْ يأخُذَها، فقالَ عُمَرُ -﵁-: فإِنِّى أطرَحُها فى بَيتِ المالِ. وقالَ لِلمَولَى: خُذْها نُجومًا. وقالَ لِلمُكاتَبِ: اذهَبْ حَيثُ شِئتَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٣٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن محمدٍ، أنَّ مُكاتبا قال لمولاه: خُذْ مِنِّى مُكاتبَتَكَ. قال: لا إلَّا نُجومًا. فأتَى عثمانَ بنَ عَفّانَ -﵁- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ له، فدَعاه فقالَ: خُذْ مُكاتبَتَكَ. فقال: لا إلَّا نُجومًا. فقالَ له: هاتِ المالَ. فجاءَ به، فكَتَبَ له عِتقَه وقالَ: ألقِه فى بَيتِ المالِ فادفَعَه إلَيكَ نُجومًا. فلَمّا رأى ذَلِكَ أخَذَه (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٤٠ - وقال ابنُ المُبارَكِ: حدثنا سعيدٌ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عثمانَ -﵁- نَحوَه. كَذا قال: عثمانَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4463>بابُ الوَضعِ بشَرطِ التَّعجيلِ، وما جاءَ فى قِطاعَةِ المُكاتَبِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ بِشْرانَ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ علىِّ بنِ عَفّانَ، حدثنا ابنُ نُمَيرٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٨٧١) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٥٧١٣) عن إسرائيل بن يونس به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٨٦٩) من طريق ابن عون به.\n(^٣) ينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٧١٤).","vol":"21","page":493},{"text":"عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه كان يقولُ فى الرَّجُلِ يُكاتِبُ عبدَه بالذَّهَبِ أوِ الوَرِقِ يُنَجِّمُها عَلَيه نُجومًا، أنَّه كان يَكرَهُ أنْ يَقولَ: عَجِّلْ لِى مِنها كَذا وكَذا، فما بَقِىَ فلَكَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ هاشِمٍ، حدثنا وكيعُ بنُ الجَرَّاحِ، عن الرَّبيعِ، عن الحَسَنِ وابنِ سيرينَ، أنَّهُما كَرِها فى المُكاتِبِ أنْ يَقولَ: عَجِّلْ لِى وأضَعُ عَنكَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ فى رَجُلٍ يقولُ لمكاتَبِه: عَجِّلْ وأضَعُ عَنكَ لا بأسَ بهِ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: مَعناه: عَجِّلْ لِى ما شِئتَ وأُعتِقُكَ عَلَيه وأضَعُ عَنكَ كِتابَتَكَ، فلا بأسَ.\n\n٢١٧٤٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن أُسامَةَ بنِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٣٥)، وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٨٠٢).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤٠) عن وكيع به.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤١) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٤٣٦٧، ١٥٨٠٢) عن سفيان الثورى به بنحوه.","vol":"21","page":494},{"text":"زَيدٍ قال: أخبرَنِى القاسِمُ بنُ محمدٍ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- كان يَكرَهُ قِطاعَةَ المُكاتَبِ الَّذِى يَكونُ عَلَيه الذَّهَبُ والوَرِقُ، ثُمَّ يُقاطِعُه على ثُلُثِه أو رُبُعِه أو ما كان، ويَقولُ: اجعَلوا ذَلِكَ فى العَرْضِ (^١) على ما شِئتُم. قال القاسِمُ: وكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ بذَلِكَ (^٢) إلَى أبى بكرِ بنِ محمدٍ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ أبو الوَليدِ: قال أصحابُنا: لَم نُجَوِّزْ لِلسَّيِّدِ أنْ يأخُذَ بَدَلَ الدَّراهِمِ أقَلَّ مِنه؛ لأنّه رِبًا.\n\n٢١٧٤٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ سُلَيمانَ، عن بكرٍ المُزَنِىِّ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ -﵄- قال: لا بأسَ أنْ يأخُذَ الرَّجُلُ مِن مُكاتَبِه العُروضَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٤٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا وكيعٌ، عن سُفيانَ، عن جابِرٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ -﵄- قال: لا بأسَ أنْ يأخُذَ الرَّجُلُ مِن مُكاتَبِه عُروضًا (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) العَرْض بالسكون: المتاع، قالوا: والدراهم والدنانير عين وما سواهما عَرْض، والجمع عروض مثل فَلْس وفلوس. المصباح المنير (ع ر ض).\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف: \"بنحو ذلك\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٦٣٩) من طريق آخر عن عمر بمعناه. وينظر ما أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤٥) عن عمر بن عبد العزيز.\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٥٤٢).\n(^٥) ابن أبى شيبة - كما فى إتحاف الخيرة (٦٨٧١).","vol":"21","page":495},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4464>باب: لا تَجوزُ هِبَةُ المُكاتَبِ حَتَّى يَبتَدِئَها بإِذنِ السَّيِّدِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٤٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ (ح) قال: وأنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن صالِحِ بنِ خَوّاتٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى بكرٍ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ كَتَبَ إلَىَّ أنَّ المُكاتَبَ لا يَجوزُ له وصيَّةٌ ولا هِبَةٌ إلا بإِذنِ مَولاه (^١).\n\n٢١٧٤٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ، عن أشعَثَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: المُكاتَبُ لا يُعتِقُ ولا يَهَبُ إلا بإِذنِ مَولاه (^٢). وقال محمدُ بنُ أبى عَدِىٍّ فى هذا الحديثِ: كانوا يَقولونَ: المُكاتَبُ لا يُعتِقُ ولا يَهَبُ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4465>بابُ كِتابَةِ المُكاتَبِ وإِعتاقِهِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٤٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: كان لِلمُكاتَبِ عبدٌ فكاتبَه ثُمَّ ماتَ، لمَن ميراثُهُ؟ قال: كان مَن قَبْلَكم يَقولونَ: هو لِلَّذِى كاتَبَه، يَستَعينُ به فى كِتابَتِهِ (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٥١).\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (٣١٣٥٢).\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"إلا بإذن مولاه\".\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٠٧) من طريق ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":496},{"text":"٢١٧٥٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن خالِدِ بنِ أبى عِمرانَ قال: سألتُ القاسِمَ وسالمًا عن المُكاتَبِ يَقضِى نِصفَ كِتابَتِه ثُمَّ يُكاتِبُ المُكاتَبُ غُلامًا له ثُمَّ يَسعَيانِ جَميعًا، فيَقضِى غُلامُ المُكاتَبِ كِتابَتَه ثُمَّ يَعجِزُ الأوَّلُ مِنهُما، أيُرَدُّ عبدًا أم يَجوزُ عِتاقُه بما أدَّى إلَى سَيِّدِهِ؟ قالا: إن كان سَيِّدُه الأوَّلُ مِنهُما أذِنَ له أنْ يُكاتِبَه فلا سَبيلَ عَلَيه، وإِلَّا هو (^١) بمَنزِلَتِهِ.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4466>باب: المُكاتَبُ يَجوزُ بَيعُه فى حالَينِ؛ أنْ يَحِلَّ نَجمٌ مِن نُجومِه فيَعجِزَ عن أدائِه، أو يَرضَى المُكاتَبُ بالبَيعِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٥١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ الفقيهُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، عن أبيه، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها قالَت: جاءَت بَريرَةُ فقالَت: إنِّى كاتَبتُ أهلِى على تِسعِ أواقٍ؛ فى كُلِّ عامٍ وَقيَّةٌ (^٢)، فأعينينِى. فقالَت عائشَةُ: إنْ أحَبَّ أهلُكِ أنْ أعُدَّها لهم ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لى فعَلتُ. فذَهَبَت بَريرَةُ إلَى أهلِها فقالَت لهم ذَلِكَ فأبَوا عَلَيها، فجاءَت مِن عِندِ أهلِها ورسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- جالِسٌ فقالَت:\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فهو\".\n(^٢) فى م: \"أوقية\".","vol":"21","page":497},{"text":"إنِّى قَد عَرَضتُ عَلَيهِم ذَلِكَ فأبَوا إلَّا أنْ يَكونَ الوَلاءُ لهم. فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فسألَها، فأخبَرَته عائشَةُ فقالَ: \"خُذيها واشتَرِطِى لهمُ الوَلاءَ، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمَن أعتَقَ\". ففَعَلَت عائشَةُ ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فى النّاسِ فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: \"ما بالُ رِجالٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ ما كان مِن شَرط لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فهو باطِلٌ وإِنْ كان مِائَةَ شَرطٍ، قَضاءُ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ، وشَرطُ اللَّهِ أوثَقُ، وإنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى أُوَيسٍ (^٢)، وأخرَجَه مسلمٌ والبُخارِىُّ مِن أوجُهٍ أُخَرَ عن هِشامِ بنِ عُروَةَ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: إذا رَضِىَ أهلُها بالبَيعِ ورَضِيَتِ المُكاتبَةُ بالبَيعِ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ تَركٌ لِلكِتابَةِ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٥٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ فى آخَرينَ قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ، حَدَّثَنِى يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، أنَّ بَريرَةَ جاءَت تَستَعينُ عائشةَ -﵂-، فقالَت عائشَةُ: إنْ أحَبَّ أهلُكِ أنْ أصُبَّ لهم ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً واحِدَةً وأُعتِقَكِ فعَلتُ. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ بَريرَةُ لأهلِها فقالوا: لا إلَّا أنْ يَكونَ ولاؤكِ لَنا. قال مالكٌ: قال يَحيَى: فزَعَمَت عَمرَةُ أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- ذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١٧). وتقدم فى (١٠٩٤٨، ٢١٤٧٧).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٧٢٩).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢١٦٨، ٢٥٦٣)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٨، ٩).\n(^٤) سيأتى عقب (٢١٧٦٦).","vol":"21","page":498},{"text":"لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ، اشتَريها وأعتِقيها، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ يوسُفَ عن مالكٍ (^٢).\nأرسَلَه مالكٌ فى أكثَرِ الرِّواياتِ عَنه، وأسنَدَه عنه مُطَرِّفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ:\n\n٢١٧٥٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو عمرٍو محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى محمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ عُقبَةَ الشَّيبانِىُّ الكوفىُّ، حدثنا أبو سَبرَةَ القُرَشِىُّ، حدثنا مُطَرِّفُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن مالكِ بنِ أنَسٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمرَةَ بنتِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ بَريرَةَ جاءَتها لِتَستَعينَها. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\nورَواه الشّافِعِىُّ عن سُفيانَ بنِ عُيَينَةَ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ عن عَمرَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n٢١٧٥٤ - أخبَرَناه أبو إسحاقَ إبراهيمُ بنُ محمدٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا شافِعُ بنُ محمدٍ، أنبأنا أبو جَعفَرٍ الطَّحاوِىُّ، حدثنا المُزَنِىُّ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، عن سُفيانَ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: أرَدتُ أنْ أشْتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ فأُعتِقَها، فاشتَرَطَ علىَّ مَواليها أنْ أُعتِقَها ويَكونَ الوَلاءُ لهم. قالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اشتَريها فأَعْتِقيها، فإِنَّما\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١٨)، والشافعى ٦/ ١٨٥، ومالك ٢/ ٧٨١، ومن طريقه ابن حبان (٤٣٢٦).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦٤).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم قبله.","vol":"21","page":499},{"text":"الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النّاسَ فقالَ: \"ما بالُ أقوامٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شُروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ فمَنِ اشَتَرَطَ شَرطًا ليَسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فلَيسَ له وإِن اشَتَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ\" (^١).\n\n٢١٧٥٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: حَديثُ يَحيَى عن عَمرَةَ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أثبَتُ مِن حَديثِ هِشامٍ، وأحسِبُه غَلِطَ فى قَولِه: \"واشتَرِطِى لَهم الوَلاءَ\". وأحسِبُ حَديثَ عَمرَةَ أنَّ عائشةَ كانَت شَرَطَت ذَلِكَ لهم بغَيرِ أمرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وهِىَ تُرَى ذَلِكَ يَجوزُ، فأعلَمَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّها إنْ أعتَقَتْها فالوَلاءُ لها وقالَ: لا يَمنَعُكِ عَنها ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن شَرطِكِ. ولا أُرَى أمَرَها تَشتَرِطُ لهم ما لا يَجوزُ (^٢).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: حَديثُ عَمرَةَ عن عائشةَ حَديثٌ ثابِتٌ؛ فقَد رَواه جَماعَةٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ مَوصولًا:\n\n٢١٧٥٦ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ الشَّيبانِىُّ، حدثنا أبو أحمدَ محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن عَمرَةَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- قالَت: جاءَت بَريرَةُ إلَى عائشةَ -﵂- تَستَعينُها فى كِتابَتِها، فقالَت لها: إنْ شاءَ مَواليكِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١١٩)، والشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٥٩٨). وأخرجه البخارى (٤٥٦، ٢٧٣٥)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠١٨) من طريق سفيان به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٠).","vol":"21","page":500},{"text":"أنْ أصُبَّ لهم عَنكِ (^١) صَبَّةً واحِدَةً وأُعتِقَكِ. قالَت: فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ بَريرَةُ لمواليها فقالوا: لا إلَّا أنْ تَشتَرِطَ لَنا الوَلاءَ. فذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اشتَريها، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمَن أعتَقَ\" (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٥٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا قاسِمٌ المُطَرِّزُ، حدثنا يوسُفُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ قال: سَمِعْتُ عمرَةَ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: أتَتنِى بَريرَةُ تَستَعينُنِى فى كِتابَتِها. وذَكَرَ الحديثَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٥٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا قاسِم المُطَرِّزُ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ سعيدٍ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن عَمرَةَ. فذَكَر نَحوَه (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٥٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا قاسِمٌ المُطَرِّزُ، حدثنا بُندارٌ، حدثنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ بنَحوِهِ (^٥).\n\n٢١٧٦٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا مالكٌ عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت (ح) وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى س، م، وحاشية الأصل: \"ثمنك\".\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٣٩). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٥٠٣١)، والبخارى معلقًا عقب (٤٥٦)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٦٤٠٧) من طريق جعفر بن عون به.\n(^٣) ذكره المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٠) عن يوسف بن موسى به.\n(^٤) عزاه فى تغليق التعليق ٢/ ٢٤١ للإسماعيلى من طريق بندار به.\n(^٥) أخرجه الشافعى فى السنن المأثورة (٥٩٩) عن عبد الوهاب الثقفى به.","vol":"21","page":501},{"text":"الاسماعيلِىُّ، أخبرَنِى الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ، عن مالكٍ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عائشةَ -﵂- أرادَت أنْ تَشتَرِىَ جاريَةً فتُعتِقَها، فقالَ أهلُها: نَبيعُكِها على أنَّ ولاءَها لَنا. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ عائشَةُ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وغَيرِه، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن يَحيَى بنِ يَحيَى عن مالكٍ (^٢).\nأخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ قال: أحسِبُ حَديثَ نافِعٍ أثبَتَها كُلَّها؛ لأنَّه مُسنَدٌ، وأنَّه أشبَهُ، وكأنَّ عائشةَ فى حَديثِ نافِعٍ كانَت شَرَطَت لهم الوَلاءَ فأعلَمَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أنَّها إنْ أعتَقَت فالوَلاءُ لها، فإِنْ كان هَكَذا فلَيسَ أنَّها شَرَطَت لهم الوَلاءَ بأمرِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، ولَعَلَّ هِشامًا أو عُروةَ حينَ سَمِعَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- قال: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ\". رأى أنَّه أمَرَها أنْ تَشتَرِطَ لهم الوَلاءَ، فلَم يَقِفْ مَن حَفِظَه على ما وقَفَ عليه ابنُ عُمَرَ، واللَّهُ أعلمُ (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ولمعنَى حَديثِ ابنِ عُمَرَ شَواهِدُ. مِنها ما:\n\n٢١٧٦١ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ إسحاقَ إملاءً، أنبأنا موسَى بنُ إسحاقَ القاضِى، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا خالِدُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ بلالٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُهَيلُ بنُ أبى صالِحٍ، عن\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (١٠٩٤٧، ١٢٥١٢، ٢١٤٧٥، ٢١٤٩٢).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢١٦٩، ٢٥٦٢، ٦٧٥٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٥).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٢)، والأم ٨/ ٧٤.","vol":"21","page":502},{"text":"أبيه، عن أبى هريرةَ قال: أرادَت عائشَةُ -﵂- أنْ تَشتَرِىَ جاريَةً تُعتِقُها فأبَى أهلُها إلَّا أنْ يَكونَ لهم الوَلاءُ، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا يَمنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^١). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى بكرِ ابنِ أبى شَيبَةَ (^٢). ومِنها ما:\n\n٢١٧٦٢ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ إبراهيمَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سلمةَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ بَشّارٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ عبدَ الرَّحمَنِ بنَ القاسِمِ قال: سَمِعتُ القاسِمَ يُحَدِّثُ عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أنْ تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ لِلعِتقِ، وأنَّهُمُ اشتَرَطوا ولاءَها، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"اشتَريها وأعتِقيها، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\" (^٣). رَواه مسلمٌ فى \"الصحيح\" عن محمدِ بنِ مُثنَّى عن محمدِ بنِ جَعفَرٍ (^٤).\nوبِهَذا المَعنَى رَواه الزُّهرِىُّ عن عُروةَ عن عائشةَ:\n\n٢١٧٦٣ - أخبَرَناه أبو علىٍّ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا قُتَيبَةُ بنُ سعيدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسلَمَةَ قالا: حدثنا اللَّيثُ، عن ابنِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه أبو عوانة (٤٧٩٨، ٤٨٣٤)، وابن الجوزى فى التحقيق فى أحاديث الخلاف ٢/ ١٧٧ من طريق خالد بن مخلد به.\n(^٢) مسلم (١٥٠٥/ ١٥).\n(^٣) أخرجه البخارى (٢٥٧٨)، والنسائى (٤٦٥٧) من طريق محمد بن بشار به مطولًا. وأحمد (٢٥٣٩٣) من طريق محمد بن جعفر به. وتقدم فى (١٤٣٧٣، ٢١٦٩٣).\n(^٤) مسلم (١٥٠٤/ ١٢).","vol":"21","page":503},{"text":"شِهابٍ، عن عُروةَ، أنَّ عائشةَ أخبَرَته أنَّ بَريرَةَ جاءَت عائشةَ -﵂- تَستَعينُها فى كِتابَتِها ولَم تَكُنْ قَضَت مِن كِتابَتِها شَيئًا، فقالَت لها عائشَةُ: ارجِعِى إلَى أهلِكِ، فإِنْ أحَبّوا أنْ أقضِىَ عَنكِ كِتابَتَكِ ويَكونَ ولاؤُكِ لِى فعَلتُ. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ بَريرَةُ لأهلِها فأبَوا وقالوا: إنْ شاءَت أنْ تَحتَسِبَ عَلَيكِ فلْتَفعَلْ، ويَكونَ لَنا ولاؤُكِ. فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ لها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"ابتاعِى وأعتِقِى، فإِنَّما الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ثُمَّ قامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"ما بالُ أُناسٍ يَشتَرِطونَ شروطًا لَيسَت فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ؟ مَنِ اشتَرَطَ شرطًا لَيسَ فى كِتابِ اللَّهِ فلَيسَ له وإِن شرَطَه مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أحَقُّ وأوثَقُ\" (^١). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن قُتَيبَةَ وعن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسلَمَةَ، ورَواه مسلمٌ عن قُتَيبَةَ (^٢).\nوبِمَعناه رَواه الأسوَدُ عن عائشةَ -﵂-:\n\n٢١٧٦٤ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ أيّوبَ المَتُوثِىُّ، أنبأنا يوسُفُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّها أرادَت أنْ تَشتَرِىَ بَريرَةَ فاشتَرَطوا عَلَيها الوَلاءَ، فذَكَرَت ذَلِكَ لِرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"اشتَريها، الوَلاءُ لمَن أعتَقَ\" (^٣). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\"\n_________\n(^١) أبو داود (٣٩٢٩). وأخرجه أبو عوانة (٣٨٨٠، ٤٧٩٣)، والخطيب البغدادى فى الأسماء المبهمة ١/ ٨ من طريق القعنبى به مختصرًا. وتقدم فى (١٤٥٤٤، ٢١٤٩٨).\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦١، ٢٧١٧)، ومسلم (١٥٠٤/ ٦).\n(^٣) تقدم فى (١٤٣٩٦، ١٤٣٩٧، ٢١٤٩٥).","vol":"21","page":504},{"text":"عن سُلَيمانَ بنِ حَربٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٦٥ - وأخبرَنا أبو عمرٍو الأديبُ، أنبأنا أبو بكرٍ الإسماعيلِىُّ، حدثنا عِمرانُ بنُ موسَى، حدثنا عثمانُ هو ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا جَريرٌ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن الأسوَدِ، عن عائشةَ قالَت: اشتَرَيتُ بَريرَةَ فاشتَرَطَ أهلُها ولاءَها، فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"أعتِقِيها، فإِنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعطَى الوَرِقَ\". قالَت: فأعتَقتُها. قالَت: فدَعاها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فخَيَّرَها مِن زَوجِها، فقالَت: لَو أعطانِى كَذا وكَذا ما ثَبَتُّ عِندَه. فاختارَت نَفسَها. وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا (^٢). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن عثمانَ بنِ أبى شَيبَةَ دونَ قَولِه: وكانَ زَوجُها حُرًّا (^٣). وقَد بَيَّنّا فى كِتابِ النِّكاحِ أنَّ ذَلِكَ مِن قَولِ الأسوَدِ، مَيَّزَه أبو عَوانَةَ عن مَنصورٍ، فجَعَلَه مِن قَولِ الأسوَدِ، قال البخارىُّ: قَولُ الأسوَدِ مُنقَطِعٌ، وقَولُ ابنِ عباسٍ: رأيتُه عبدًا. أصَحُّ (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ورَواه أيمَنُ عن عائشةَ كما:\n\n٢١٧٦٦ - أخبرَنا أبو علىٍّ الحُسَينُ بنُ محمدٍ الرُّوذْبارِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ محمدِ بن سَختُويَه العَدلُ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ مَيمونٍ، حدثنا أبو نُعَيمٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ، حَدَّثَنِى أيمَنُ (ح)\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٦٧١٧).\n(^٢) أخرجه أحمد (٥٣٦٦)، والنسائى (٣٤٤٩، ٤٦٥٦) من طريق جرير به. وتقدم فى (١٤٣٩٣).\n(^٣) البخارى (٢٥٣٦).\n(^٤) البخارى عقب (٦٧٥٤). وتقدم فى (١٤٣٩٤).","vol":"21","page":505},{"text":"وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرٍ عُمَرُ بنُ عبدِ العَزيزِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو محمدٍ أحمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ ابنُ (^١) البَغدادِيِّ الهَرَوِيُّ بها، أنبأنا مُعاذُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا خَلَّادُ بنُ يَحيَى، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ أيمَنَ المَكِّىُّ، عن أبيه قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ -﵂- فقُلتُ: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنِّى كُنتُ غُلامًا لِعُتبَةَ بنِ أبى لَهَبٍ، وإِنَّ عُتبَةَ ماتَ ووَرِثَنِى بَنوه، وإنَّهُم باعونِى مِن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى عمرٍو المخزومِىِّ، فأعتَقَنِى ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، واشتَرَطوا ولائى، فمَولَى مَن أنا؟ وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ قال: دَخَلتُ على عائشةَ. وكانَ لِعُتبَةَ بنِ أبى لَهَبٍ، فماتَ عُتبَةُ فوَرِثَه بَنوه واشتَراه ابنُ أبى عمرٍو فأعتَقَه، واشتَرَطَ بَنو عُتبَةَ الوَلاءَ، فدَخَلَ على عائشةَ -﵂- فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لها، فقالَت عائشَةُ -﵂-: دَخَلَتْ علىَّ بَريرَةُ وهِىَ مُكاتبَةٌ فقالَت: اشتَرينِى يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، فإِنَّ أهلِى يَبيعونِى، فأعتِقينِى. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: اشتَرينِى فأعتِقينِى. قُلتُ: نَعَم. قالَت: إنَّ أهلِى لا يَبيعونِى حَتَّى يَشتَرِطوا ولائى. فقالَت: لا حاجَةَ لِى بكِ. فسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، أو بَلَغَه فقالَ: \"ما شأنُ بَريرَةَ؟ \". فأخبَرْتُه. وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: فذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعائشَةَ، فذَكَرَت عائشَةُ ما قالَت لها، فقالَ: \"اشتَريها فأَعتِقِيها، وليَشتَرِطوا ما شاءوا\". وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: \"ودَعيهِم فليَشتَرِطوا ما شاءوا\". قالَت: فاشتريتُها (^٢) فأعتَقتُها واشتَرَطَ أهلُها وَلاءَها. [وفِى رِوايَةِ أبى نُعَيمٍ: فاشتَرَتْها عائشَةُ فأعتَقَتْها واشتَرَطَ أهلُها الوَلاءَ] (^٣)، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\n_________\n(^١) ليس فى: س، م.\n(^٢) فى س، م: \"عائشة\".\n(^٣) ليس فى: نسخة المصنف، س.","vol":"21","page":506},{"text":"وإِنِ اشتَرَطوا مِائَةَ شَرط\". زادَ خَلَّادٌ فى رِوايَتِه: فأنتَ مَولَى ابنِ أبى عمرٍو (^١).\nرَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى نُعَيمٍ وعن خَلَّادِ بنِ يَحيَى (^٢).\nوهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ قَريبَةٌ مِن رِوايَةِ هِشامِ بنِ عُروةَ، والعَدَدُ بالحِفظِ أولَى مِنَ الواحِدِ.\nأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ قال: قال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: إذا رَضِىَ أهلُها بالبَيعِ ورَضيَتِ المُكاتبَةُ بالبَيعِ فإِنَّ ذَلِكَ تَركٌ لِلكِتابَةِ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ: فقالَ لِى بَعضُ النّاسِ: فما مَعنَى إبطالِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- شَرطَ عائشةَ لأهلِ بَريرَةَ؟ قُلتُ: إن بَيِّنًا، واللَّهُ أعلمُ، فى الحديثِ نَفسِه أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قَد أعلَمَهُم أنَّ اللَّهَ قَد قَضَى أنَّ الوَلاءَ لمن أعتَقَ، وقالَ: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٥]. وأنَّه نَسَبَهُم إلَى مَواليهِم كما نَسَبَهُم إلَى آبائهِم، فكما لَم يَجُزْ أنْ يُحَوَّلوا عن آبائهِم، فكَذَلِكَ لا يَجوزُ أن يُحَوَّلوا عن مَواليهِم، ومواليهم الَّذينَ ولُوا مِنَّتَهُم، وقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالَى: ﴿وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِى أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣٧]. وقالَ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الطحاوى فى شرح المشكل (٤٤٠٤)، والطبرانى فى الأوسط (٣٧٦٣) من طريق أبى نعيم به مختصرًا دون قصة أيمن. والدارقطنى ٣/ ٢٣ من طريق عبد الواحد به مختصرًا، وفيه سؤال أيمن. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٦٤: الزيادة من الثقة مقبولة.\n(^٢) البخارى (٢٥٦٥، ٢٧٢٦).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة عقب (٦١١٧)، والشافعى فى اختلاف الحديث ص ١٦٤.","vol":"21","page":507},{"text":"رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"الوَلاءُ لمن أعتَقَ\". ونَهَى عن بَيعِ الوَلاءِ وعن هِبَتِه، ورُوِىَ عنه أنَّه قال: \"الوَلاءُ لُحمَةٌ كَلُحمَة النَّسَبِ (^١)، لا يُباعُ ولا يوهَبُ\". فلَمّا بَلَغَهُم هذا كان مَنِ اشتَرَطَ خِلافَ ما قَضَى اللَّهُ ورسولُه -ﷺ- عاصيًا، وكانَت فى المَعاصِى حُدودٌ وآدابٌ، فكانَ مِن أدَبِ العاصينَ أنْ يُعَطَّلَ عَلَيهِم (^٢) شُروطُهُم ليَنتَكِلوا (^٣) عن مِثلِه أو يَنتَكِلَ (^٤) بها غَيرُهُم، وكانَ هذا مِن أسنَى الأدَبِ (^٥).\nورَوَى الزَّعفَرانِىُّ عن الشّافِعِىِّ مَعنَى هذا وأبيَنَ مِنه.\nوقَد أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى أبو أحمدَ ابنُ أبى الحَسَنِ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ يَعنِى ابنَ أبى حاتِمٍ الرّازِىَّ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا حَرمَلَةُ قال: سَمِعتُ الشّافِعِىَّ يقولُ فى حَديثِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- حَيثُ قال لها: \"اشتَرِطِى لهم الوَلاءَ\": مَعناه: اشتَرِطِى عَلَيهِمُ الوَلاءَ. قال اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ﴾ [الرعد: ٢٥]. يَعنِى: عَلَيهِمُ اللَّعنَةُ (^٦).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: والجَوابُ الأوَّلُ أصَحُّ، وفِى صِحَّةِ هذه اللَّفظَةِ نَظَرٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٧٦٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) بعده فى م: \"النسب\".\n(^٢) فى نسخة المصنف: \"عنهم\".\n(^٣) فى نسخة المصنف: \"ليتكلوا\".\n(^٤) فى نسخة المصنف: \"يتنكل\".\n(^٥) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٣)، واختلاف الحديث للشافعى ص ١٦٤، ١٦٥.\n(^٦) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٤). وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٩/ ١٢٥ من طريق أبى حاتم به.","vol":"21","page":508},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ مَخلَدٍ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن ابنِ مَسعودٍ كان يَكرَهُ بَيعَ المُكاتَبِ (^١).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4467>بابُ كِتابَةِ اليَهودِىِّ والنَّصرانِىِّ</span>\n\n٢١٧٦٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الجَبّارِ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن ابنِ إسحاقَ، عن عاصِمِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ قَتادَةَ، عن مَحمودِ بنِ لَبيدٍ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: حَدَّثَنِى سَلمانُ الفارِسِىُّ. فذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه وقالَ فيها: قَدِمَ وادِىَ القُرَى رَجُلٌ مِن بَنِى قُرَيظَةَ مِن يَهودَ، فابتاعَنِى مِن صاحِبِى الَّذِى كُنتُ عِندَه، فخَرَجَ بى حَتَّى قَدِمَ بىَ المَدينَةَ. فذَكَرَ الحديثَ وأنَّه حَدَّثَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- بحَديثِه، فلَمّا فرَغَ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"كاتِبْ يا سَلمانُ\". فكاتَبتُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4468>بابُ جِنايَةِ المُكاتَبِ والجِنايَةِ عَلَيهِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٦٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: جِنايَةُ المُكاتَبِ فى رَقَبَتِه يُبدأُ بها (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٧٠ - وبِإِسنادِه: حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ سَواءٍ، عن عَبّادِ بنِ مَنصورٍ، عن حَمّادٍ، عن إبراهيمَ، عن شُرَيحٍ قال: جِراحَتُه\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٢٩٣٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٩٨) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٦٥٢).\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٨١). وينظر مصنف عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٩١).","vol":"21","page":509},{"text":"جِراحَةُ عبدٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٧١ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، عن محمدِ بنِ سَواءٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: جِراحَةُ المُكاتَبِ جِراحَةُ عبدٍ.\n\n٢١٧٧٢ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قال عَطاءٌ: إذا أُصيبَ المُكاتَبُ له قَوَدُه. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. قال ابنُ جُرَيجٍ: مِن أجلِ أنَّه كأنَّه مِن مالِه يُحرِزُه كما يُحرِزُ مالَهُ؟ قال: نَعَم (^٢).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: كما قال عَطاءٌ وعَمرُو بنُ دينارٍ، الجِنايَةُ عَلَيه مالٌ مِن مالِه لا يَكونُ لِسَيِّدِه أخْذُها بحالٍ إلَّا أنْ يَموتَ قبلَ أن يُؤَدِّىَ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4469>بابُ ميراثِ المُكاتَبِ ووَلائهِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٧٣ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ بنُ سُلَيمانَ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ قال: قُلنا لابنِ طاوُسٍ: كَيفَ كان أبوكَ يقولُ فى الرَّجُلِ يُكاتِبُ الرَّجُلَ ثُمَّ يَموتُ فتَرِثُ ابنَتُه ذَلِكَ المُكاتَبَ فيُؤَدِّى كِتابَتَه ثُمَّ يَعتِقُ ثُمَّ يَموتُ؟ قال كان يقولُ: ولاؤُه لها. ويَقولُ: ما كُنتُ أظُنُّ أنْ يُخالِفَ\n_________\n(^١) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٨٣٢٢).\n(^٢) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٥)، والشافعى ٨/ ٧٠. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٦٩٢) من طريق ابن جريج به. وابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٨٧) من طريق ابن جريج عن عطاء بمعناه.\n(^٣) الأم ٨/ ٧٠.","vol":"21","page":510},{"text":"عن ذَلِكَ أحَدٌ مِنَ النّاسِ. ويَعجَبُ مِن قَولِهِم: لَيسَ لها ولاؤُه (^١).\n\n٢١٧٧٤ - وبِإِسنادِه: أخبرَنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيج قال: قُلتُ لِعَطاءٍ: رَجُلٌ توُفَىَ وتَرَكَ ابنَينِ له، وتَرَكَ مُكَاتَبًا، فصارَ المُكاتَبُ لأحَدِهِما، ثُمَّ قَضَى كِتابَتَه لِلَّذِى (^٢) صارَ له فى الميراثِ، ثُمَّ ماتَ المُكاتَبُ، مَن يَرِثُهُ؟ قال: يَرِثانِه جَميعًا. وقالَها عمرُو بنُ دينارٍ. قال عَطاءٌ: رَجَعَ ولاؤُه إلَى الَّذِى كاتَبَه. فرَدَدتُها عَلَيه، فقالَ ذَلِكَ غَيرَ مَرَّةٍ (^٣).\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: وبِقولِ عَطاءٍ وعمرِو بنِ دينارٍ نَقولُ فى المُكاتَبِ يُكاتِبُه الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَموتُ السَّيِّدُ ثُمَّ يُؤَدِّى المُكاتَبُ فيَعتِقُ بالكِتابَةِ؛ أنَّ ولاءَه لِلَّذِى عَقَدَ كِتابَتَه (^٤).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: ولَم يَقُلْ بقَولِه فى قِسمَةِ المُكاتَبِ، قال: مِن قِبَلِ أنَّ القَسمَ بَيعٌ، وبَيعُ المُكاتَبِ لا يَجوزُ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٧٥ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الحافظُ، أنبأنا إبراهيمُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إبراهيمَ القَطّانُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ عيسَى، أنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا عبدُ المَلِكِ بنُ أبى سُلَيمانَ، عن عَطاءٍ فى\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"ولاء\".\nوالأثر عند المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٦)، والشافعى ٨/ ٨٥.\n(^٢) فى حاشية الأصل: \"الذى\". وكتب فوقها: \"خ ر\".\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٧)، والشافعى ٨/ ٨٥. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٨٢) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) الأم ٨/ ٨٥.","vol":"21","page":511},{"text":"الرَّجُلِ يَموتُ ولَه عبدٌ مُكاتَبٌ وللمُتَوَفَّى بَنونَ وبَناتٌ، قال: يَرِثونَ ممّا على ظَهرِه؛ النِّساءُ والرِّجالُ، ولا تَرِث النِّساءُ مِنَ الوَلاءِ إلَّا ما كاتَبنَ أو أعتَقنَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٧٦ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ المُباركِ، أنبأنا مَعمَرٌ، عن يَحيَى بنِ أبى كَثيرٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيِّبِ وأبِى سلمةَ بنِ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قالا فى الرَّجُلِ يُكاتِبُ مَملوكَه ثُمَّ يَموتُ ويَترُكُ بَنينَ رِجالًا ونِساءً، فيُؤَدِّى المُكاتَبُ إلَيهِم كِتابَتَه، قالا: الوَلاءُ لِلرِّجالِ دونَ النِّساءِ (^٢). وكانَ ابنُ شِهابٍ يقولُ ذَلِكَ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٧٧ - قال: وأخبرَنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، عن مَنصورٍ، عن إبراهيمَ فى رَجُلٍ كاتَبَ عبدًا له ثُمَّ ماتَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى كاتَبَ وتَرَكَ رِجالًا ونِساءً، قال: لَيسَ لِلنِّساءِ مِن ولاءِ المُكاتَبِ شَئٌ، والميراثُ بَينَهُم؛ يَعنِى الرِّجالَ والنِّساءَ (^٤).\n\n٢١٧٧٨ - قال: وأنبأنا ابنُ المُبارَكِ، أنبأنا عَمّارُ بنُ رُزَيقٍ، عن المُغيرَةِ قال: سألتُ إبراهيمَ عن رَجُلٍ تُوفِّىَ وتَرَكَ مُكاتبًا، فأعتَقَ الوَرَثَةُ المُكاتَبَ بما يُصيبُه مِنَ الميراثِ، لمن الوَلاءُ؟ قال: لِلمُكاتِبِ المَيِّتِ.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٣٥)، والدارمى (٣١٨٤) من طريق عبد الملك بن أبى سليمان به مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٦٩)، والدارمى (٣١٨٦) من طريق معمر به بنحوه.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٧٠) عن معمر عنه.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٧١)، وابن أبى شيبة (٣٢٠٣٩) عن سفيان الثورى به. والدارمى (٣١٩٤) من طريق منصور به بنحوه.","vol":"21","page":512},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4470>بابُ عَجْزِ المُكاتَبِ</span>\n\n٢١٧٧٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن أبانِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ البَجَلِىِّ، حدثنا عَطاءُ بنُ أبى رَباحٍ أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كاتَبَ مُكاتبًا له، فأدَّى تِسعَمائَةٍ وبَقِيَت مِائَةُ دينارٍ، فعَجَزَ فرَدَّه فى الرِّقِّ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٨٠ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا ابنُ أبى زائدَةَ، عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ مُكاتبًا له عَجَزَ فرَدَّه مَملوكًا، وأمسَكَ ما أخَذَ مِنه (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٨١ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصَمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الحارِثِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أنَّ نافِعًا أخبَرَ أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كاتَبَ غُلامًا له على ثَلاثينَ ألفًا، ثُمَّ جاءَه فقالَ: قَد عَجَزتُ. فقالَ: إذن امحُ كِتابَتَكَ. فقالَ: قَد عَجَزتُ فامحُها أنتَ. قال نافِعٌ: فأشَرتُ إلَيه: امحُها. وهو يَطمَعُ أنْ يُعتِقَه، فمَحاها العَبدُ ولَه ابنانِ أوِ ابنٌ، فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: اعتَزِلْ جاريَتِى. قال: فأعتَقَ ابنُ عُمَر ابنَه بَعدُ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٣). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧١٠) من طريق أبان بن عبد اللَّه البجلى به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٤)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٣٤).\n(^٣) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٢٨)، والشافعى ٨/ ٧٦. وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧٢٤) عن ابن جريج به.","vol":"21","page":513},{"text":"٢١٧٨٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ عَونٍ، عن نافِعٍ، أنَّ ابنَ عُمَرَ كاتَبَ غُلامًا له ووَلَدَه وأُمَّ ولَدِه، وأنَّه أتَى ابنَ عُمَرَ فقالَ له: إنِّى قَد عَجَزتُ فاقبَلْ كِتابَتِى. فقالَ ابنُ عُمَرَ: إنَى لَم أقبَلْه مِنكَ حَتَّى تأتِىَ بهِم. قال: فأتاهم (^١) فرَدهُم فى الرِّقِّ، فلَمَّا كان بعدَ ذَلِكَ إمّا بيَومٍ وإِمّا بثَلاثَةٍ أعتَقَهُم.\n\n٢١٧٨٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ زَيدِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ أباه حَدَّثَه أنَّ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ كاتَبَ غُلامًا لهْ يُقالُ له: شَرْفَا بأربَعينَ ألفًا، فخَرَجَ إلَى الكوفَةِ فكانَ يَعمَلُ على حُمُرٍ له حَتَّى أدَّى خَمسَةَ عَشَرَ ألفًا، فجاءَه إنسانٌ فقالَ: مَجنونٌ أنتَ، أنتَ ههنا تُعَذَبُ نَفسَكَ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ يَشتَرِى الرَّقيقَ يَمينًا وشِمالًا ثُمَّ يُعتِقُهُم، ارجِعْ إلَيه فقَلْ له: قَدْ عَجَزتُ. فجاءَ إلَيه بصَحيفَتِه فقالَ: يا أبا عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ قَد عَجَزتُ، وهَذِه صَحيفَتِى فامحُها. فقالَ: لا ولَكِنِ امحُها إنْ شِئتَ. فمَحاها ففاضَت عَينا عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قال: اذهَبْ فأنتَ حُرٌّ. قال: أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، أحسِنْ إلَى ابنىَّ. قال: هُما حُرّانِ. قال: أصلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، أحسِنْ إلَى أُمَّى ولَدَىَّ. قال: هُما حُرَّتانِ. فأعتَقَهُم\n_________\n(^١) فى نسخة المصنف: \"فأتاهم به\"، وفى س، م: \"فأتاه بهم\".","vol":"21","page":514},{"text":"خَمسَتَهُم جَميعًا فى مَقعَدٍ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٨٤ - أخبرَنا أبو حازِمٍ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الفَضلِ ابنُ خَميرُويَه، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا أبو عَوانَةَ، عن إسحاقَ مَولَى عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَر أنَّ أباه كاتَبَه عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ على ثَلاثينَ ألفًا فعَجَزَ فرَدَّه فى الرِّقِّ وقَد أدَّى النِّصفَ، أو قَريبًا مِنَ النِّصفِ، فطَلَبَ إلَيه أنْ يُعتِقَ ولَدَه، وكانوا وُلِدوا مِن مُكاتَبَتِه، فأعتَقَه وأعتَقَ ولَدَه، ورَدَّ إلَيه ألفًا وخَمسَمائَةِ دِرهَمٍ.\n\n٢١٧٨٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ بنُ موسَى، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن ابنِ جُرَيجٍ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرَ بنَ عبدِ اللَّهِ يقولُ فى المُكاتَبِ يُؤَدِّى صَدرًا مِن كِتابَتِه ويَعجِزُ، أيُرَدُّ رَقيقًا؟ قال: سَيِّدُه أحَقُّ بشَرطِه الَّذِى شَرَطَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٨٦ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا حَفصٌ، عن الأشعَثِ، عن أبى الزُّبَيرِ، عن جابِرٍ قال: لهم ما أخَذوا مِنه، يَعنِى إذا لَم يُكمِلْ فرُدَّ فى الرِّقِّ، فما أخَذَ فلَه (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٨٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا عَبّادُ بنُ العَوّامِ، عن\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٣١/ ١٣٥ من طريق المصنف به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٥٧١٩) عن ابن جريج به.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٠٤٢٦، ٢١٨٣٥).","vol":"21","page":515},{"text":"الحَجّاجِ، عن حُصَينٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن الحارِثِ، عن علىٍّ قال: إذا تَتابَعَ على المُكاتَبِ نَجمانِ فلَم يُؤَدِّ نُجومَه رُدَّ فى الرِّق. وقالَ فى مَوضِحٍ آخَرَ: فدَخَلَ فى السَّنَةِ الثّانيَةِ. أو قال: الثّالِثَةِ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٨٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبَّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، عن خِلاسٍ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: إذا عَجَزَ المُكاتَبُ استُسعِىَ حَولَينِ، فإِنْ أدَّى وإِلَّا رُدَّ فى الرِّقِّ (^٢).\nالإِسنادُ الأوَّلُ عن علىٍّ -﵁- ضَعيفٌ، ورِوايَةُ خِلاسٍ عن علىٍّ -﵁- لا تَصِحُّ عِندَ أهلِ الحَديثِ، فإِن صَحَّت فهِىَ مَحمولَةٌ على وجهِ المعروفِ مِن جِهَةِ السَيِّدِ، فإِنْ لَم يَنتَظِرْ رُدَّ فى الرِّقِّ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٧٨٩ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ الأصمُّ، أنبأنا الرَّبيعُ، أنبأنا الشّافِعِىُّ، أنبأنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن شَبيبِ بنِ غَرقَدَةَ قال: شَهِدتُ شُرَيحًا رَدَّ مُكاتبًا عَجَزَ فى الرِّقِّ (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"فى الثالثة\".\nوالأثر عند ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٠٨)، وفيه: عن حصين عن على. وينظر إتحاف الخيرة (٦٨٧٩)، والمعرفة للمصنف عقب (٦١٣١).\n(^٢) أخرجه المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٣١) من طريق قتادة به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٥)، والمعرفة (٦١٢٩)، والشافعى ٧/ ١٣٦، ٨/ ٧٦.","vol":"21","page":516},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4471>كتابُ عتقِ أمَّهاتِ الأولادِ</span>\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4472>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَطأُ أمَتَه بالمِلكِ فتَلِدُ له</span>\nقال الشّافِعِىُّ ﵀: هِى مملوكَه بحالِها إلَّا أنَّه لا يَجوزُ لِسَيِّدِها بَيعُها ولا إخراجُها عن (^١) مِلكِه بشَئٍ غَيرِ العِتقِ، وإنَّها حُرَّةٌ إذا ماتَ مِن رأسِ المالِ. قال: وهو تَقليدٌ لِعُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٩٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ وأبو زَكَريّا يَحيَى بنُ إبراهيمَ بنِ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ محمدٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ ومالِكُ بنُ أنَسٍ وغَيرُهُم، أنَّ نافِعًا أخبَرَهُم عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- قال: أيُّما وليدَةٍ ولَدَت مِن سَيِّدِها فإِنَّه لا يَبيعُها ولا يَهَبُها ولا يوَرِّثُها، وهو يَستَمتِعُ مِنها، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٩١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ حَفصٍ ابنُ الحَمّامِيِّ المُقرِئُ ﵀، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ النَّجادُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ الهَيثَمِ القاضِى، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ كَثيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى سُلَيمانُ بنُ بلالٍ،\n_________\n(^١) فى نسخة المصنف: \"من\".\n(^٢) الأم ٦/ ١٠١.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٦)، ومالك ٢/ ٧٧٦، ومن طريقه البغوى فى شرح السنة (٢٤٢٨).","vol":"21","page":517},{"text":"عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ قال: نَهَى عُمَرُ عن بَيعِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ فقالَ: لا تُباعُ ولا توهَبُ ولا تورَثُ، يَستَمتِعُ بها سَيِّدُها ما بَدا له، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٩٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ المُقرِئُ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ سَلمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ غالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو حُذَيفَةَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: جاءَ رَجُلانِ إلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ فقالَ: مِن أينَ أقبَلتُما؟ قالا: مِن قِبَلِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فأحَلَّ لَنا أشياءَ كانَت تَحرُمُ عَلَينا. قال: ما أحَلَّ لَكُم ممّا كان يَحْرُمُ عَلَيكُم؟ قالا: أحَلَّ لَنا بَيعَ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ. قال: أتَعرِفانِ أبا حَفصٍ عُمَرَ -﵁-؟ قالا: نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ نَهَى أنْ تُباعَ أو توهَبَ أو تورَثَ، يَستَمتِعُ بها ما كان حَيًّا، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ (^٢).\nهَكَذا رِوايَةُ الجَماعَةِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ، وغَلِطَ فيه بَعضُ الرّواةِ عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ فرَفَعَه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- (^٣)، وهو وهْمٌ لا يَحِلُّ ذِكرُه.\n\n٢١٧٩٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى خالِدٍ، عن عامِرٍ، عن عَبيدَةَ السَّلمانِىِّ قال: قال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالِبٍ -﵁-: استَشارَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فى بَيعِ أُمَّهاتِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٤ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن دينار به.\n(^٢) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٢٨)، وابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٩٥) من طريق سفيان الثورى به. وسعيد بن منصور فى سننه (٢٠٥٤) من طريق عبد اللَّه بن دينار بنحوه.\n(^٣) ينظر سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٤.","vol":"21","page":518},{"text":"الأولادِ، فرأيتُ أنا وهو أنَّها عَتيقَةٌ، فقَضَى بها عُمَرُ حَياتَه وعُثمانُ -﵁- بَعدَه، فلَمّا وليتُ أنا رأيتُ أن أُرِقَّهُنَّ. قال: فأخبَرَنِى محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ أنَّه سألَ عَبيدَةَ عن ذَلِكَ فقالَ: أيُّهُما أحَبُّ إلَيكَ؟ قال: رأىُ عُمَرَ وعَلِىٍّ -﵁- جَميعًا أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن رأىِ علىٍّ -﵁- حينَ أدرَكَ الاختِلافَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٩٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا أبو عمرِو ابنُ السَّمّاكِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى بنِ السَّكَنِ الواسِطِىُّ، حدثنا عمرُو بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا هُشَيمٌ، عن إسماعيلَ بنِ أبى خالِدٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ، عن عَبيدَةَ قال: قال علىٌّ -﵁-: ناظَرَنِى عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁- فى بَيعِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ فقُلتُ: يُبَعنَ. وقالَ: لا يُبَعنَ. قال: فلَم يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُراجِعُنِى حَتَّى قُلتُ بقَولِه، فقَضَى بذَلِكَ حَياتَه، فلَمّا أفضَى الأمرُ إلَىَّ رأيتُ أنْ يُبَعنَ. قال الشَّعبِىُّ: وحَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ سيرينَ عن عَبيدَةَ قال: قُلتُ لِعَلِىٍّ: فرأيُكَ ورأىُ عُمَرَ فى الجَماعَةِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن رأيِكَ وحدَكَ فى الفُرقَةِ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٩٥ - قال: وحَدثَنا محمدُ بنُ عيسَى، حدثنا سُلَيمانُ بنُ حَربٍ، حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ زَيدٍ، عن أيّوبَ، عن محمدِ بنِ سيرينَ، عن عَبيدَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- بمِثلِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٧٩٦ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو عثمانَ البَصرِىُّ وأبو الفَضلِ\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٨). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٨٩) من طريق إسماعيل بن أبى خالد به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٧). وأخرجه ابن شيبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٣٠ من طريق عبيدة به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٢٤) من طريق أيوب به.","vol":"21","page":519},{"text":"العباسُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ قُوهِيارَ قالا: حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا يَعلَى بنُ عُبَيدٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن سلمةَ بنِ كُهَيل، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: باعَ عُمَرُ -﵁- أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ (^١).\n\n٢١٧٩٧ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ ببَغدادَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حَدَّثَنِى سعيدُ بنُ عُفَيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِى عَطّافُ بنُ خالِدٍ، عن عبدِ الأعلَى بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى فروَةَ، عن ابنِ شِهابٍ فى قِصَّةٍ ذَكَرَها، قال ابنُ شِهابٍ: فقُلتُ لِعَبدِ المَلِكِ يَعنِى ابنَ مَروانَ: سَمِعتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ يَذكُرُ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- أمَرَ بأُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ أنْ يُقَوَّمنَ فى أموالِ أبنائهِنَّ بقيمَةِ عَدلٍ ثُمَّ يُعتَقنَ، فمَكَثَ بذَلِكَ صَدرًا مِن خِلافَتِه، ثُمَّ توُفِّىَ رَجُلٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ كان له ابنُ أُمِّ ولَدٍ قَد كان عُمَرُ -﵁- يُعجَبُ بذَلِكَ الغُلامِ، فمَرَّ ذَلِكَ الغُلامُ على عُمَرَ فى المَسجِدِ بعدَ وفاةِ أبيه بلَيالٍ، فقالَ له عُمَرُ -﵁-: ما فَعَلْتَ يا ابنَ أخِى فى أُمِّكَ؟ قال: قَد فعَلتُ يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ حينَ خَيَّرَنِى إخوَتِى فى أنْ يَستَرِقّوا أُمِّى أو يُخرِجونِى مِن ميراثِى مِن أبى، فكانَ ميراثِى مِن أبى أهوَنَ علىَّ مِن أنْ تُستَرَق أُمِّى. قال عُمَرُ: أوَلَستُ إنَّما أمَرتُ فى ذَلِكَ بقيمَةِ عَدلٍ، ما أتَراءَى رأيًا أو آمُرُ بشَئٍ إلَّا قُلتُم فيه. ثُمَّ قامَ فجَلَسَ على المِنبَرِ فاجتَمَعَ إلَيه النّاسُ حَتَّى إذا رَضِىَ جَماعَتَهُم قال: يا أيُّها الناسُ إنِّى قَد كُنتُ أمَرتُ فى أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ بأمرٍ قَد عَلِمتُموه، ثُمَّ قَد حَدَثَ لِى رأىٌ غَيرُ ذَلِكَ؛ فأيُّما امرِئٍ كانَت عِندَه أُمُّ ولَدٍ فمَلَكَها بيَمينِه ما\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٩٢) من طريق سفيان به.","vol":"21","page":520},{"text":"عاشَ، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ سَبيلَ عَلَيها (^١).\n\n٢١٧٩٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ داودَ بنِ سُلَيمانَ الزّاهِدُ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحُسَينِ بنِ الجُنَيدِ المالِكِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا عَنبَسَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى يونُسُ، عن ابنِ شهابٍ قال: قَدِمتُ دِمَشقَ وعَبدُ المَلِكِ يَومَئذٍ مَشغولٌ بشأنِه، فجَلَستُ فى مَجلِسٍ لا أعرِفُهم، فأقبَلَ رَجُلٌ فأوسَعوا له قال: كَيفَ تَرَونَ فى شَئٍ ذَكَرَه أميرُ المُؤمِنينَ آنِفًا؛ أتاه مِن قِبَلِ المَدينَةِ فى أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ أيُرْقَقنَ أو يُعتَقنَ؟ قُلتُ: إنَّ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ ذَكَرَ أنَّ رَجُلًا مِن قُرَيشٍ كان يُعجِبُه عَقلُه ولِسانُه (^٢) ماتَ أبوه وتَرَكَ مالًا، وأُمُّه أُمُّ ولَدٍ، فأقاموا أُمَّه فزايَدوه فى أُمِّه حَتَّى أخرَجوه مِن ميراثِه، فمَرَّ على عُمَرَ -﵁- فدَعاه فسألَه ما صارَ له مِن ميراثِ أبيه، قال: خَرَجتُ بأُمِّى مِن ميراثِ أبى. فقالَ: أما واللَّهِ لأقولَنَّ فى ذَلِكَ مَقالًا أذُبُّ النّاسَ عنه. فقامَ فخَطَبَ النّاسَ ثُمَّ قال: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، أيُّما رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ تَرَكَ أُمَّ ولَدٍ ولَدَت مِنه فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ قال: فأخَذَ بيَدِى، فإِذا هو قَبيصَةُ بنُ ذُؤَيبٍ حَتَّى أدخَلَنِى على عبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروانَ، وإِذا عبدُ المَلِكِ ذَكَرَ لِقَبيصَةَ أنَّه كان سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ ولَم يُثبِتْه، فأدخَلَه (^٣) عَلَيه فقالَ: هذا الحديثُ الَّذِى أخبَرتَنِى. فبَدأ فسألَنِى\n_________\n(^١) يعقوب بن سفيان ١/ ٦٢٦ - ٦٢٩ مطولًا. وأخرجه أبو نعيم فى الحلية ٣/ ٣٦٧، ٣٦٨، وابن عساكر فى تاريخ دمشق ٥٥/ ٢٩٨ - ٣٠٠ من طريق عطاف بن خالد به مطولًا.\n(^٢) بعده فى س، م: \"ثم\".\n(^٣) فى س، م: \"فأدخل\".","vol":"21","page":521},{"text":"ما نَسَبِى، فلَمّا بَلَّغتُ أبى قال: إنْ كان أبوكَ لَنَعّارًا (^١) فى الفِتنَةِ، ما حَديثُ سعيدٍ الَّذِى أخبرَنِى عَنكَ قَبيصَةُ؟ فأخبَرتُه بمِثلِ ما أخبَرتُ قَبيصَةَ، فأمَرَ بذَلِكَ فأُمضِىَ فقالَ: ما ماتَ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ مِثلَكَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٧٩٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ المُزَكِّى، أنبأنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ الوَهّابِ، أنبأنا جَعفَرُ بنُ عَونٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ زيادٍ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- بعِتقِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ ولا يُجعَلنَ فى الثُّلُثِ، وأمَرَ ألا يُبَعنَ فى الدَّينِ. قال جَعفَرٌ: لَم يَروِ هذا الحديثَ غَيرُه (^٣).\nورَواه سفيانُ الثَّورِىُّ فى \"الجامع\" عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ زيادِ بنِ أنعُمٍ عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ قال: سألتُ سعيدَ بنَ المُسَيَّبِ عن عِتقِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ فقالَ: إنَّ النّاسَ يَقولونَ: إنَّ أوَّلَ مَن أمَرَ بعِتقِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ عُمَرُ -﵁- ولَيسَ كَذَلِكَ، ولَكِنْ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- أوَّلُ مَن أعتَقَهُنَّ، ولا يُجعَلنَ فى ثُلُثٍ ولا يُسْعَيْنَ (^٤) فى دَينٍ.\n\n٢١٨٠٠ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو نَصرٍ العِراقِىُّ، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ محمدٍ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) النعار: الرجل الخَرَّاج السَّعَّاء فى الفتن. التاج ١٤/ ٢٥٩ (ن ع ر).\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو زرعة الدمشقى فى تاريخه (٩٤٦) عن أحمد بن صالح به.\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٣٣) من طريق الثورى بنحوه، وفيه: سليمان بن يسار. بدلًا من: مسلم بن يسار.\n(^٤) فى س: \"يستعين\"، وفى م: \"يبعن\". وفى حاشية الأصل: \"لعله: ولا يُبَعْنَ\".","vol":"21","page":522},{"text":"سفيانُ. فذَكَرَه.\n\n٢١٨٠١ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا مُصَرِّفُ بنُ عَمرٍو، حدثنا سفيانُ بنُ عُيَينَةَ، عن عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الأفريقِىِّ، عن مُسلِمِ بنِ يَسارٍ، عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، أنَّ عُمَرَ -﵁- أعتَقَ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ وقالَ: أعتَقَهُنَّ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^١). تَفَرَّدَ الإفريقِىُّ برَفعِه إلَى النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-، وهو ضَعيفٌ (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٠٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرِ بنِ دُرُسْتُويَه الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَعقوبُ بنُ سُفيانَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ يَعلَى بنِ الحارِثِ، حدثنا أبى، حدثنا غَيلانُ بنُ جامِعٍ، عن إبراهيمَ بنِ حَربٍ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ بُرَيدَةَ، عن أبيه قال: كُنتُ جالِسًا عِندَ عُمَرَ بنِ الخطابِ -﵁- إذ سَمِعَ صائحَةً فقالَ: يا يَرفا، انظُرْ ما هذا الصوتُ؟ فانطَلَقَ فنَظَرَ ثُمَّ جاءَ فقالَ: جاريَةٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ تُباعُ أُمُّها. قال: فقالَ عُمَرُ: ادعُ -أو قال: عَلَىَّ- بالمُهاجِرينَ والأنصارِ. قال: فلَم يَمكُثْ إلَّا ساعَةً حَتَّى امتَلأتِ الدّارُ والحُجرَةُ، قال: فحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عُمَرُ وأثنَى عَلَيه ثُمَّ قال: أمّا بَعدُ، فهَل تَعلَمونَه كان ممّا جاءَ به محمدٌ -ﷺ- القَطيعَةُ؟ قالوا: لا. قال: فإِنَّها قَد أصبَحَت فيكُم فاشيَةً. ثُمَّ قرأ: ﴿فَهَلْ (^٣) عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِى الْأَرْضِ\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٦ من طريق الحسن بن سفيان به.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٧٧٧).\n(^٣) فى النسخ: \"هل\" بدون الفاء.","vol":"21","page":523},{"text":"وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ﴾ [محمد: ٢٢]. ثُمَّ قال: وأىُّ قَطيعَةٍ أقطعُ (^١) مِن أنْ تُباعَ أُمُّ امرِئٍ مِنكُم وقَد أوسَعَ اللَّهُ لَكُم؟ قالوا: فاصنَعْ ما بَدا لَكَ. أو: ما شِئتَ. قال: فكَتَبَ فى الآفاقِ، ألَّا تُباعَ أُمُّ حُرٍّ؛ فإِنَّه قَطيعَة، وإنَّه لا يَحِلُّ (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٠٣ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ جَناحُ بنُ نَذيرٍ القاضِى بالكوفَةِ، حدثنا أبو جَعفَرِ ابنُ دُحَيمٍ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ حازِمٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ صالِحٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّهشَلِىُّ، عن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن جَدِّه أنَّه سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- على مِنبَرِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- يقولُ: يا مَعشَرَ المُسلِمينَ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَد أفاءَ عَلَيكُم مِن بلادِ الأعاجِمِ مِن نِسائِهِم وأولادِهِم ما لَم يُفِئْ على رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- ولا على أبى بكرٍ -﵁-، وقَد عَرَفتُ أنَّ رِجالًا سَيُلِمّونَ بالنِّساءِ، فأيُّما رَجُلٍ ولَدَت له امرأةٌ مِن نِساءِ العَجَمِ فلا تَبيعوا أُمَّهاتِ أولادِكُم، فإِنَّكُم إنْ فعَلتُم أوشَكَ الرَّجُلُ أنْ يَطأَ حَريمَه وهو لا يَشعُرُ (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٠٤ - أخبرَنا علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا عثمانُ بنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّىُّ، حدثنا هُدبَةُ، حدثنا القاسِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ، عن محمدِ بنِ زيادٍ قال: كانَت جَدَّتِى أُمَّ ولَدٍ لِعُثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ، فأرادَ ابنٌ لِعُثمانَ أنْ يَبيعَها بعدَ مَوتِ أبيه، وإِنَّها أتَتْ عائشةَ -﵂- فقالَت: يا أُمَّ المُؤمِنينَ، إنَّ ابنَ عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ أرادَ أنْ يَبيعَنِى، وقَد كُنتُ ولَدتُ لأبيه،\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"أفظع\".\n(^٢) الحاكم ٢/ ٤٥٨ وصححه.\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن شيبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٢٣ من طريق عبد اللَّه بن سعيد به.","vol":"21","page":524},{"text":"فلَو كَلَّمتيه فوَضَعَنِى مَوضِعًا صالِحًا؟ فقالَت لها عائشَةُ -﵂-: أوَلَدْتِ لأبيهِ؟ قالَت: نَعَم. قالَت: فأْتِى أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ عُمَرَ يُعتِقُكِ. فأتَت عُمَرَ -﵁- فأخبَرَته أنَّها ولَدَت مِن عثمانَ وأنَّ ابنَه يُريدُ بَيعَها. فأرسَلَ عُمَرُ إلَى ابنِ عثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ فقالَ: أرَدتَ ذَلِكَ؟ قال: نَعَم. قال: لَيسَ ذاكَ لَكَ. أظُنُّه قال: فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ. قالَت جَدَّتِى: يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ، ما أعتَقَنِى؟ قال: ولَدُكِ مِن عثمانَ. قالَت: فإِنَّه قَد جَرَحَنِى هذا الجُرْحَ بعدَ مَوتِ أبيه. فقالَ له عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطّاب -﵁-: أعطِها أرْشَ ما صَنَعتَ بها (^١).\n\n٢١٨٠٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن سعيدٍ، عن قَتادَةَ، أنَّ عُمَرَ وعُمَرَ -يَعنِى عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁- وعُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ ﵀ - أعتَقا أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ، ومَن بَينَهُما مِنَ الخُلَفاءِ (^٢).\nوقَد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- فى ذَلِكَ أخبارٌ، مِنها:\n\n٢١٨٠٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ الصَّغانِىُّ، حدثنا إسحاقُ بنُ إبراهيمَ الرّازِىُّ خَتَنُ سلمةَ بنِ الفَضلِ، حدثنا سَلَمَةُ، حَدَّثَنِى محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، عن الخطابِ بنِ صالِحٍ، عن أُمِّه قالَت:\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن شيبة فى تاريخ المدينة ٢/ ٧٢٨، ٧٢٩ من طريق القاسم بن الفضل به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٥٩).","vol":"21","page":525},{"text":"حَدَّثَتنِى سَلَامَةُ بنتُ مُغَفَلٍ (^١) قالَت: كُنتُ لِلحُبابِ بنِ عمرٍو، فماتَ ولِى مِنه غُلامٌ، فقالَتِ امرأتُه: الآنَ تُباعينَ فى دَينِه. فأتَيتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فذَكَرتُ ذَلِكَ له، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"مَن صاحِبُ تَرِكَةِ الحُبابِ بنِ عمرٍو؟ \". فقالوا: أخوه أبو اليَسَرِ كَعبُ بنُ عمرٍو. فدَعاه رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. فقالَ: \"لا تَبيعوها وأعتِقوها، فإِذا سَمِعتُم برَقيقٍ قَد جاءَنِى فأْتونِى أُعَوِّضْكُم مِنها\". ففَعَلوا، واختَلَفوا فيما بَينَهُم بعدَ وفاةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-؛ فقالَ قَومٌ: إنَّ أُمَّ الوَلَدِ مَملوكَةٌ، لَولا ذَلِكَ لَم يُعَوِّضْهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- مِنها. وقالَ بَعضُهُم: بَل هِىَ حُرَّةٌ قَد أعتَقَها رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-. ففِى ذا كان الاختِلافُ (^٢). أخرَجَه أبو داودَ فى كِتابِ \"السنن\" عن النُّفَيلِىِّ عن محمدِ بنِ سلمةَ عن محمدِ بنِ إسحاقَ بمَعناه دونَ ما فى آخِرِه مِنَ الاختِلافِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٠٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حُمَيدُ بنُ قُتَيبَةَ وعَبدُ العَزيزِ بنُ سَلَّامٍ قالا: حدثنا ابنُ أبى مَريَمَ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن خَوّاتِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأنصارِ أوصَى إلَيه، وكانَ فيما تَرَكَ أُمُّ ولَدٍ له وامرأةٌ حُرَّةٌ، فكانَ بَينَ المَرأةِ وبَينَ أُمِّ\n_________\n(^١) فى س، م: \"معقل\". وقد نقل البخارى فى التاريخ الكبير الخلاف فى ضبطه هل هو معقل أم مغفل. ينظر التاريخ الكبير ٣/ ٢٠١ (ترجمة خطاب بن صالح)، والإصابة ١٣/ ٤٧٩.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٥٨). وأخرجه أحمد (٢٧٠٢٩) عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم الرازى به. والطبرانى (٣٥٩٦) من طريق سلمة بن الفضل به. وعندهم: سلامة بنت معقل.\n(^٣) أبو داود (٣٩٥٣)، وعنده: سلامة بنت معقل. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٧١: ليس إسناده بذاك.","vol":"21","page":526},{"text":"الوَلَدِ بَعضُ الشَّئِ، فأرسَلَتْ إلَيها الحُرَّةُ: لَتُباعَنَّ رَقَبَتُكِ يا لُكَعُ (^١). فرَجَعَ خَوّاتٌ إلَى رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"لا تُباعُ\". وأمَرَ بها فأُعتِقَت (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٠٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الفارِسِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَجّاجِ بنِ رِشدينٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ عبدِ الرَّحيمِ العَسقَلانِىُّ قال: وسَمِعَه مِنِّى أحمدُ بنُ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى رِشدينُ بنُ سَعدٍ المَهرِىُّ، حدثنا طَلحَةُ بنُ أبى سعيدٍ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن خَوّاتِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، أنَّ رَجُلًا أوصَى إلَيه. فذَكَرَ الحديثِ بنَحوِهِ (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٠٩ - قال: وحَدَّثَنِى رِشدينٌ، عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، عن يَعقوبَ بنِ الأشَجِّ، عن بُسرِ بنِ سعيدٍ، عن خَوّاتِ بنِ جُبَيرٍ، عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- مِثلَه (^٣).\n_________\n(^١) كذا فى النسخ سوى المطبوعة ففيها: \"لكاع\" وهو المعروف فى اللغة؛ لأنه خطاب مؤنث، قال القاضى عياض: والذكر لكع، والأنثى لكاع، ومعناه: يا ساقط ويا ساقطة ويا دنئ وشبهه. مشارق الأنوار ١/ ٣٥٧. وينظر صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى ٩/ ١٥١، والتاج ٢٢/ ١٦٢ (ل ك ع).\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى عاصم فى الآحاد والمثانى (١٩٥٣)، والطبرانى (٤١٤٧) من طريق سعيد بن أبى مريم به، وعندهما: \"لكع\". وقال الألبانى فى الضعيفة (٣٩٩٣): ضعيف.\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٣.","vol":"21","page":527},{"text":"٢١٨١٠ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ، أنبأنا علىٍّ، حدثنا محمدٌ، حدثنا أحمدُ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ أبى مَريَمَ، حدثنا ابنُ لَهيعَةَ بإِسنادِه نَحوَه (^١).\nوقَد قيلَ: عن ابنِ لَهيعَةَ عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ عن بُكَيرٍ بَدَلَ يَعقوبَ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٨١١ - أخبرَنا أبو طاهِرٍ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ يَحيَى بنِ بلالٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسماعيلَ الأحمَسِىُّ، حدثنا وكيعٌ، عن شَريكٍ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"أيُّما رَجُلٍ ولَدَت مِنه أمَتُه فهِىَ مُعتَقَةٌ عن دُبُرٍ مِنه\" (^٢). حُسَينُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ العباسِ الهاشِمِيُّ ضَعَّفَه أكثَرُ أصحابِ الحَديثِ (^٣).\nوقَد رَواه أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى سَبرَةَ عنه كما:\n\n٢١٨١٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبو جَعفَرٍ محمدُ بنُ صالِحِ بنِ هانِئٍ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عمرٍو الحَرَشِىُّ، حدثنا القَعنَبِىُّ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى سَبرَةَ القُرَشِىُّ، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- لأُمِّ إبراهيمَ حينَ ولَدَت:\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٣، وعنده: محمد بن أحمد. بدلًا من: محمد حدثنا أحمد. وفى نسخة الرسالة (٤٢٤٢) كالمثبت. وقال الذهبى ٨/ ٤٣٧١: إسناده ضعيف.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٤٩). وأخرجه ابن ماجه (٢٥١٥) عن محمد بن إسماعيل به. وأحمد (٢٧٥٩، ٢٩١٠، ٢٩٣٧) من طريق شريك به. وضعفه الألبانى فى ضعيف الجامع الصغير (٥٨٧٦).\n(^٣) تقدم عقب (٣٨٦٢).","vol":"21","page":528},{"text":"\"أعتقَها ولَدُها\" (^١). أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى سَبرَةَ ضَعيفٌ لا يُحتَجُّ به (^٢)، إلَّا أنَّه قَد رُوِى عن غَيرِه عن حُسَينٍ بهَذا اللَّفظِ.\n\n٢١٨١٣ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أخبرَنِى إسماعيلُ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الفَضلِ الشَّعرانِىُّ، حَدَّثَنِى جَدِّى، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عباسٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ (^٣)، أنَّه قال: لما ولَدَت أُمُّ إبراهيمَ ابنِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعتَقَها ولَدُها\". كَذا رَواه أبو أوَيسٍ عن حُسَينٍ مُرسَلًا.\nوقَد قيلَ عن أبى أوَيسٍ مَوصولًا بذِكرِ ابنِ عباسٍ فيه على مَعنَى اللَّفظِ الأوَّلِ، وذَلِكَ فيما رَواه عبدُ الحَميدِ بنُ أبى أوَيسٍ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى أوَيسٍ عن أبيهِما (^٤).\nورَواه سعيدُ بنُ كُلَيبٍ وعَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ سلمةَ بنِ أسلَمَ عن حُسَينِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ كما رَواه ابنُ أبى سَبرَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٩ من طريق القعنبى به. والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣١ من طريق أبى بكر ابن أبى سبرة به. وابن ماجه (٢٥١٦) من طريق الحسين بن عبد اللَّه به.\n(^٢) أبو بكر بن عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن أبى سبرة ابن أبى رهم. ينظر الكلام عليه فى: التاريخ الكبير ٩/ ٩، والمجروحين ٣/ ١٤٧، وتهذيب الكمال ٣٣/ ١٠٢. وقال ابن حجر فى التقريب ٢/ ٣٩٧: رموه بالوضع.\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"عن ابن عباس\".\n(^٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٢، ١٣٣ من طريق عبد الحميد به.\n(^٥) أخرجه ابن سعد فى الطبقات ٨/ ٢١٥ من طريق سعيد بن كليب وعبد اللَّه بن سلمة به.","vol":"21","page":529},{"text":"٢١٨١٤ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو عُبَيدٍ القاسِمُ بنُ إسماعيلَ، حدثنا زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ زَكَريّا المَدائنِىُّ، عن ابنِ أبى سارَةَ، عن ابنِ أبى حُسَينٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: لما ولَدَت ماريَةُ قال رسولُ اللَّهِ -ﷺ-: \"أعتَقَها ولَدُها\". قال علىٌّ: تَفَرَّدَ بحَديثِ ابنِ أبى حُسَينٍ زيادُ بنُ أيّوبَ، وزيادٌ ثِقَةٌ (^١).\nولِحَديثِ عِكرِمَةَ عِلَّةٌ عَجيبَةٌ بإِسنادٍ صَحيحٍ عَنه:\n\n٢١٨١٥ - أخبرَنا الشَّريفُ أبو الفَتحِ ناصِرُ بنُ الحُسَينِ العُمَرِىُّ، أنبأنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بن أبى شُرَيحٍ، أنبأنا أبو القاسِمِ البَغَوِىُّ، حدثنا علىُّ بنُ الجَعدِ، أنبأنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، عن عِكرِمَةَ، عن عُمَرَ -﵁- قال: أُمُّ الوَلَدِ أعتَقَها ولَدُها وإِن كان سِقطًا (^٢).\nوكَذَلِكَ رَواه شَريكٌ عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ أبى سُفيانَ الثَّورِىِّ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن عُمَرَ -﵁- (^٣).\n\n٢١٨١٦ - ورَواه خُصَيفٌ الجَزَرِىُّ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ قال: قال عُمَرُ بنُ الخطابِ -﵁-: إذا ولَدَت أُمُّ الوَلَدِ مِن سَيِّدِها فقَد عَتَقَت وإِن كان سِقطًا. أخبَرَناه أبو الحَسَنِ ابنُ أبى المَعروفِ الفقيهُ، حدثنا بشرُ بنُ أحمدَ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا الحُسَينُ بنُ علىٍّ القَطّانُ البَغدادِىُّ، حدثنا عُبَيدُ اللَّهِ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣١.\n(^٢) البغوى فى الجعديات (١٧٧١). وأخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٧٣) من طريق سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٠٥١) من طريق سعيد بن مسروق به.","vol":"21","page":530},{"text":"عُمَرَ القَواريرِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الواحِدِ بنُ زيادٍ، حدثنا خُصَيفٌ. فذَكَرَه (^١)، فعادَ الحديثُ إلَى عُمَرَ.\n\n٢١٨١٧ - وأخبرَنا أبو نَصرِ ابنُ قَتادَةَ، أنبأنا أبو مَنصورٍ النَّضرُوِىُّ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ نَجدَةَ، حدثنا سعيدُ بنُ مَنصورٍ، حدثنا سفيانُ، حَدَّثَنِى الحَكَمُ بنُ أبانٍ قال: سُئلَ عِكرِمَةُ عن أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ قال: هُنَّ أحرارٌ. قيل (^٢) له: بأىِّ شَئٍ تَقولُهُ؟ قال: بالقُرآنِ. قالوا: بماذا مِنَ القُرآنِ؟ قال: قَولُ اللَّهِ تَعالَى: ﴿أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِى الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩]. وكانَ عُمَرُ -﵁- مِن أولِى الأمرِ، قال: عَتَقَت (^٣) وإِن كان سِقطًا (^٤).\nورُوِىَ عن الحَكَمِ بنِ أبانٍ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ-: \"أُمُّ الوَلَدِ حُرَّةٌ وإِن كان سِقْطًا\" (^٥). وهو ضَعيفٌ.\nالصحيحُ حَديثُ سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ الثَّورِىِّ عن عِكرِ مَةَ عن عُمَرَ، وحَديثُ سُفيانَ عن الحَكَمِ عن عِكرِمَةَ عن عُمَرَ واللَّهُ أعلمُ. وقَد يَحتَمِلُ أنْ يَكونَ لِرِوايَةِ (^٦)\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٠٥٢) من طريق خصيف الجزرى به.\n(^٢) فى م: \"قالوا\".\n(^٣) فى نسخة المصنف: \"أعتقت\".\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٥٦)، وسعيد بن منصور (٦٥٧ - تفسير). وأخرجه الهروى فى ذم الكلام (٧٨٥) من طريق أحمد بن نجدة به. وعبد الرزاق (١٣٢٤٣) من طريق أبان مختصرًا.\n(^٥) أخرجه الطبرانى (١١٦٠٩)، والدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣١ من طريق الحكم بن أبان به. وقال الألبانى فى الضعيفة (٢٩٣٨): ضعيف.\n(^٦) فى نسخة المصنف: \"لروايته\".","vol":"21","page":531},{"text":"قِصَّةِ ماريَةَ أصلًا (^١)، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٨١٨ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى ابنُ لَهيعَةَ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ أبى جَعفَرٍ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- قال لأُمِّ إبراهيمَ: \"أعتقَكِ ولَدُكِ\". هذا مُنقَطِعٌ.\nوقَد رُوِّينا عن عائشةَ -﵂- أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- توُفَىَ ولَم يَترُكْ دينارًا ولا دِرهَمًا ولا عبدًا ولا أمَةً (^٢). وفِي ذَلِكَ دِلالَةٌ على أنَّه لَم يَترُكْ أُمَّ إبراهيمَ أمَةً، وأنَّها عَتَقَت بمَوتِه بما تَقَدَّمَ مِن حُرمَةِ الاستيلادِ (^٣).\nواحتَجَّ أصحابُنا فى ذَلِكَ بما:\n\n٢١٨١٩ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ جَعفَرٍ القَطيعِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ حَنبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِى أبى، حدثنا أبو اليَمانِ، أنبأنا شُعَيبٌ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ، أخبرَنِى عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مُحَيريزٍ الجُمَحِىُّ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ أخبَرَه أنَّه بَينَما هو جالِسٌ عِندَ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- جاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ فقالَ: يا رسولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّا نُصيبُ سَبيًا فنُحِبُّ الأثمانَ، فكَيفَ تَرَى فى العَزلِ؟ فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -ﷺ-: \"وإنَّكُم لَتَفَعَلونَ ذَلِكَ؟ ما عَلَيكُم ألا تَفعَلوا ذَلِكَ، فإِنَّها لَيسَت نَسَمَةٌ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ أنْ تَخرُجَ إلَّا هِىَ خارِجَةٌ\" (^٤). رَواه البخارىُّ فى \"الصحيح\" عن أبى\n_________\n(^١) كذا بالنسخ، وضبب عليها فى الأصل.\n(^٢) تقدم فى (١٢٦٧٩).\n(^٣) ينظر ما تقدم فى (٢١٨١٢).\n(^٤) أحمد (١١٨٣٩). وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٤٢) من طريق أبى اليمان به.","vol":"21","page":532},{"text":"اليَمانِ (^١)، وأخرَجاه مِن أوجُهٍ عن الزُّهرِىِّ (^٢).\nقالوا: فلَولا أنَّ الاستيلادَ يَمنَعُ مِن نَقلِ المِلكِ وإِلَّا لَم يكنْ لِعَزلِهِم مَحَبَّةَ الأثمانِ فائدَةٌ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n\n٢١٨٢٠ - أخبرَنا أبو الحُسَينِ ابنُ الفَضلِ القَطّانُ، أنبأنا أبو سَهلِ ابنُ زيادٍ القَطّانُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ الحَنَفِىُّ عبدُ الكَبيرِ بنُ عبدِ المَجيدِ، حدثنا الضَّحّاكُ بنُ عثمانَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ يَحيَى بنِ حَبّانَ، عن ابنِ مُحَيريزٍ، أنَّ أبا سعيدٍ الخُدرِىَّ وأبا صِرمَةَ أخبَراه أنَّهُم أصابوا سَبيًا فى غَزوَةِ بَنِى المُصطَلِقِ، وكانَ مِنّا مَن يُريدُ أنْ يَتَّخِذَ أهلًا ومِنا مَن يُريدُ أنْ يَبيعَ، فتَراجَعْنا فقالَ بَعضُنا لِبَعضٍ: لَيسَ بجائزِ. فذَكَرْنا ذَلِكَ لَرسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- فقالَ: \"لا عَلَيكُم ألا تَعزِلوا؛ فإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ قَدَّرَ ما هو خالِقٌ إلَى يَومِ القيامَةِ\" (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4473>بابُ الخِلافِ فى أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ</span>\n\n٢١٨٢١ - أخبرَنا أبو الحَسَنِ علىُّ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ عبدانَ، أنبأنا أحمدُ بنُ عُبَيدٍ الصَّفّارُ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا حَجّاجُ بنُ مِنهالٍ وعارِمُ بنُ الفَضلِ قالا: حدثنا حَمّادُ بنُ سلمةَ، عن قَيسِ بنِ سَعدٍ، عن عَطاءٍ، عن جابِرِ بنِ عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: بعْنا أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ على عَهدِ النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- وأبِى بكرٍ -﵁-،\n_________\n(^١) البخارى (٢٢٢٩).\n(^٢) البخارى (٥٢١٠، ٦٦٠٣)، ومسلم (١٤٣٨/ ١٢٧).\n(^٣) أخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٧٦٩٨، ٩٠٨٩)، والطبرانى ٢٢/ ٣٣٠ (٨٣١) من طريق الضحاك بن عثمان به. وتقدم فى (١٤٤٢٣، ١٨١٢٧).","vol":"21","page":533},{"text":"فلَمّا كان عُمَرُ -﵁- نَهانا فانتَهَينا (^١). رَواه أبو داودَ فى \"السنن\" عن موسَى بنِ إسماعيلَ عن حَمّادٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٢٢ - وأخبرَنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ الحارِثِ الفقيهُ، أنبأنا علىُّ بنُ عُمَرَ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ الرَّحمَنِ بنُ بشرٍ، عن عبدِ الرَّزّاقِ، أنبأنا ابنُ جُرَيجٍ، أخبرَنِى أبو الزُّبَيرِ أنَّه سَمِعَ جابِرًا يقولُ: كُنّا نَبيعُ سَراريَّنا أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ والنَّبِىُّ -ﷺ- حَىٌّ، لا نَرَى بذَلِكَ بأسًا (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٢٣ - أخبرَنا أبو بكرٍ محمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ فُورَكَ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ جَعفَرٍ، حدثنا يونُسُ بنُ حَبيب، حدثنا أبو داودَ، حدثنا شُعبَةُ، عن زَيدٍ العَمِّىِّ، عن أبى الصِّدّيقِ النّاجِىِّ، عن أبى سعيدٍ الخُدرِىِّ قال: كُنّا نَبيعُ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ على عَهدِ رسولِ اللَّهِ -ﷺ- (^٤).\nلَيسَ فى شَئٍ مِن هذه الأحاديثِ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -ﷺ- عَلِمَ بذَلِكَ فأقَرَّهُم عَلَيهِ. وقَد رُوِّينا عنه (^٥) ما يَدُلُّ على النَّهىِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ (^٦).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه الحاكم ٢/ ١٨ من طريق حجاج بن منهال به وصححه. وابن ماجه (٤٣٢٤) من طريق حماد بن سلمة به.\n(^٢) أبو داود (٣٩٥٤). وصححه الألبانى فى صحيح أبى داود (٣٣٤٥).\n(^٣) الدارقطنى ٤/ ١٣٥، وعبد الرزاق (١٣٢١١)، ومن طريقه أحمد (١٤٤٤٦)، وابن ماجه (٢٥١٧). وفى الزوائد: إسناده صحيح رجاله ثقات. وأخرجه النسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٣٩، ٥٠٤٠)، وابن حبان (٤٣٢٣) من طريق ابن جريج به.\n(^٤) الطيالسى (٢٣١٤). وأخرجه أحمد (١١١٦٤)، والنسائى فى الكبرى (٥٠٤١) من طريق شعبة به.\n(^٥) ليس فى: م.\n(^٦) إلى هنا آخر المرجود لدينا من نسخة المصنف.","vol":"21","page":534},{"text":"٢١٨٢٤ - أخبرَنا أبو محمدٍ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ يوسُفَ الأصبَهانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ الأعرابِىِّ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ محمدٍ الزَّعفَرانِىُّ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ بكرٍ، حدثنا هِشامٌ يَعنِى ابنَ حَسّانَ، عن محمدٍ يَعنِى ابنَ سيرينَ، عن عَبِيدَةَ، عن علىٍّ -﵁- قال: اجتَمَعَ رأيِى ورأىُ عُمَرَ على عِتقِ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ، ثُمَّ رأيتُ بَعدُ أنْ أُرِقَّهُنَّ فى كَذا وكَذا. قال: فقُلتُ له: رأيُكَ ورأىُ عُمَرَ فى الجَماعَةِ أحَبُّ إلَىَّ مِن رأيِكَ وحدَكَ فى الفتنةِ (^١).\n\n٢١٨٢٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ وأبو بكرٍ أحمدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ القاضِى قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى زَكَريّا بنُ يَحيَى بنِ أسَدٍ ببَغدادَ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، عن نافِعٍ قال: لَقِىَ رَجُلانِ ابنَ عُمَرَ فى بَعضِ طريقِ (^٢) المَدينَةِ فقالا له: تَرَكْنا هذا الرَّجُلَ -يَعنونَ ابنَ الزُّبَيرِ- يَبيعُ أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ. فقالَ لهم: لَكِنَّ أبا حَفصٍ عُمَرَ، أتَعرِفانِه؟ قالا: نَعَم (^٣). قَضى فى أُمَّهاتِ الأولادِ ألا يُبَعْنَ ولا يوهَبنَ ولا يورَثنَ، يَستَمتِعُ بها صاحِبُها ما عاشَ، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ (^٤).\n\n٢١٨٢٦ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إسحاقَ، حدثنا قَبيصَةُ، حدثنا سفيانُ، عن\n_________\n(^١) المصنف فى المعرفة (٦١٣٤). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٢٠٤٨) من طريق هشام بن حسان به. وتقدم فى (٢١٧٩٤).\n(^٢) فى م: \"طرق\".\n(^٣) بعده فى م: \"قال\".\n(^٤) سفيان بن عيينة فى جزئه (٥٠). وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢٢٥)، وسعيد بن منصور (٢٠٥٣) من طريق عبيد اللَّه بن عمر به مختصرًا.","vol":"21","page":535},{"text":"عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ دينارٍ قال: لَقِىَ ابنُ عُمَرَ رَكبًا فقالَ: مِن أينَ أقبَلتُم؟ قالوا: مِن عِندِ ابنِ الزُّبَيرِ، فأحَلَّ لَنا أشياءَ حَرُمَت عَلَينا. قال: وما أحَلَّ لكم؟ قال: أحَلَّ لَنا أنْ تُباعَ أُمَّهاتُ الأولادِ. فقالَ: أتَعرِفونَ أبا حَفصٍ عُمَرَ؟ قال (^١): نَعَم. قال: فإِنَّه نَهَى أنْ يُبَعْن أو يوهَبنَ أو يورَثنَ، يَستَمتِعُ مِنهُنَّ ما عاشَ، فإِذا ماتَ عَتَقنَ (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٢٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا يَحيَى بنُ أبى طالِبٍ، أنبأنا عبدُ الوَهّابِ بنُ عَطاءٍ، أنبأنا سعيدٌ، عن الحَكَمِ بنِ عُتَيبَةَ، عن زَيدِ بنِ وهبٍ قال: انطَلَقْتُ أنا ورَجُلٌ إلَى ابنِ مَسعودٍ نَسألُه عن أُمِّ الوَلَدِ هَل تَعتِقُ، فقالَ: تَعتِقُ مِن نَصيبِ ولَدِها (^٣).\nقال الشيخُ ﵀: يُشبِهُ أنْ يَكونَ عُمَرُ -﵁- بَلَغَه عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- أنَّه حَكَمَ بعتقِهِنَّ بمَوتِ ساداتِهِنَّ نَصًّا، فاجتَمَعَ هو وغَيرُه على تَحريمِ بَيعِهِنَّ، ويُشبِهُ أنْ يَكونَ هو وغَيرُه استَدَلَّ ببَعضِ ما بَلَغَنا ورُوِّينا عن النَّبِىِّ -ﷺ- ما يَدُلُّ على عِتقِهِنَّ، فاجتَمَعَ هو وغَيرُه على تَحريمِ بَيعِهِنَّ، فالأولَى بنا مُتابَعَتُهُم فيما اجتَمَعوا عَلَيه قبلَ الاختِلافِ، مَعَ الاستِدلالِ بالسُّنَّةِ، واللَّهُ أعلَمُ.\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"قالوا\".\n(^٢) تقدم فى (٢١٧٩٢).\n(^٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٣٢١٥) من طريق الحكم بن عتيبة به بنحوه مطولًا. والطبرانى (٩٦٨٤) من طريق زيد بن وهب بنحوه مطولًا. وقال الهيثمى فى المجمع ٤/ ١٠٨: رواه الطبرانى فى الكبير ورجاله رجال الصحيح.","vol":"21","page":536},{"text":"<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4474>بابُ الوَلَدِ الَّذِى تَكونُ به أُمَّ ولَدٍ</span>\n\n٢١٨٢٨ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا ابنُ بنتِ مَنيعٍ، حدثنا خَلَفُ بنُ هِشامٍ، حَدَّثَنا شَريكٌ، عن سعيدِ بنِ مَسروقٍ، عن عِكرِمَةَ قال: قال عُمَرُ -﵁-: أُمُّ الوَلَدِ تَعتِقُ وإِنْ كان سِقطًا (^١).\n\n٢١٨٢٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ شِنظيرٍ، عن الحَسَنِ قال: إذا أسقَطَتْ أُمُّ الوَلَدِ شَيئًا يُعلَمُ أنَّه مِن حَملٍ عَتَقَت بها (^٢)، وصارَت أُمَّ ولَدٍ (^٣).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4475>بابُ ولَدِ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ مِن غَيِر سَيِّدِها بَعد الاستيلادِ</span>\n\n٢١٨٣٠ - أخبرَنا أبو زَكَريّا ابنُ أبى إسحاقَ وأبو بكرِ ابنُ الحَسَنِ قالا: حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، أنبأنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عبدِ الحَكَمِ، أنبأنا ابنُ وهبٍ، أخبرَنِى مَخرَمَةُ بنُ بُكَيرٍ، عن أبيه، عن ابنِ قُسَيطٍ أنَّه سَمِعَ محمدَ بنَ عبدِ الرَّحمَنِ بنِ ثَوبانَ، أنَّه سَمِعَ عبدَ اللَّهِ بنَ عُمَرَ يقولُ: إذا ولَدَتِ الأمَةُ مِن سَيِّدِها فنَكَحَت بعدَ ذَلِكَ فوَلَدَت أولادًا، كان ولَدُها بمَنزِلَتِها عَبيدًا ما عاشَ سَيِّدُها، فإِنْ ماتَ فهُم أحرارٌ (^٤).\n\n٢١٨٣١ - أخبرَنا أبو حامِدٍ أحمدُ بنُ علىٍّ الإسفَرايينِىُّ، أنبأنا زاهِرُ بنُ\n_________\n(^١) تقدم فى (٢١٨١٥).\n(^٢) فى م: \"به\".\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٧٧٥) من طريق آخر عن الحسن به.\n(^٤) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٦٠).","vol":"21","page":537},{"text":"أحمدَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ زيادٍ النَّيسابورِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ عبدِ المَلِكِ، حدثنا يَزيدُ هو ابنُ هارونَ، حدثنا إسماعيلُ، عن عامِرٍ قال: وَلَدُ المُعتَقَةِ عن دُبُرٍ وأُمِّ الوَلَدِ بمَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِما إذا عَتَقَت؛ فهُم مُعتَقونَ إذا ماتَ السَّيِّدُ (^١).\n\n٢١٨٣٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا حِبّانُ، أنبأنا عبدُ اللَّهِ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: ولَدُ المُدَبَّرَةِ وأمِّ الوَلَدِ بمَنزِلَتِهِما (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٣٣ - وعن عبدِ اللَّهِ بنِ لَهيعَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنِى جَعفَرُ بنُ رَبيعَةَ أنَّ عُمَرَ بنَ عبدِ العَزيزِ قال فى رَجُلٍ أنكَحَ أُمَّ ولَدِه عبدَه فوَلَدَت له قال: هُم بمَنزِلَةِ أُمِّهِم.\n\n٢١٨٣٤ - أخبرَنا محمدُ بنُ أبى المَعروفِ، أنبأنا أبو سعيدٍ الرّازِىُّ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أيّوبَ، أنبأنا مسلمٌ، حدثنا هِشامٌ، حدثنا قَتادَةُ، عن الحَسَنِ فى أُمِّ الوَلَدِ تَعتِقُ ولَها أولادٌ قال: تَعتِقُ هِىَ وأولادُها.\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4476>بابُ الرَّجُلِ يَنكِحُ الأمَةَ فتَلِدُ له ثُمَّ يَملِكُها</span>\n\n٢١٨٣٥ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا جَعفَرٌ، حدثَنا أبو قُدامَةَ، عن عبدِ الوَهّابِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ (ح) قال: وحَدَّثَنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثَنا حِبّانُ، عن ابنِ المُبارَكِ، عن يَحيَى بنِ سعيدٍ، عن نافِعٍ. وذَكَرَ قِصَّةً، قال ابنُ عُمَرَ: تَعرِفُ عُمَرَ بنَ الخطابِ -﵁-؟ قال: نَعَم.\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور (٤٥٧) من طريق حصين عن الشعبى مختصرًا.\n(^٢) أخرجه أبو يوسف فى الآثار (٨٧١) من طريق حماد عن إبراهيم به.","vol":"21","page":538},{"text":"قال: قال: أيُّما وليدَةٍ ولَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِها فهِىَ له مُتعَةٌ ما عاشَ، فإِذا ماتَ فهِىَ حُرَّةٌ مِن بَعدِه، ومَن وطِئَ وليدَةً فضَيَّعَها فالوَلَدُ له والضَّيعَةُ عَلَيهِ (^١).\n\n٢١٨٣٦ - أخبرَنا أبو سعيدِ ابنُ أبى عمرٍو، حدثنا أبو العباسِ محمدُ بنُ يَعقوبَ، حدثنا أحمدُ بنُ عبدِ الحَميدِ الحارِثىُّ، حدثنا أبو أُسامَةَ، عن حَمّادِ بنِ زَيدٍ، حدثنا فُضَيلُ بنُ مَيسَرَةَ أبو مُعاذٍ، عن أبى حَريزٍ، عن الشَّعبِىِّ قال: رُفِعَ إلَى شُرَيحٍ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ أمَةً فوَلَدَت له أولادًا ثُمَّ اشتَراها، فرَفَعَهُم شُرَيحٌ إلَى عَبِيدَةَ، فقالَ عَبيدَةُ: إنَّما تَعتِقُ أُمُّ الوَلَدِ إذا ولَدَتْهُم أحرارًا، فإِذا ولَدَتْهُم مَملوكينَ فإِنَّها لا تَعتِقُ (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4477>بابُ ما جاءَ فى جِنايَةِ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ</span>\n\n٢١٨٣٧ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ أبى شَيبَةَ، حدثنا ابنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عن يونُسَ، عن الحَسَنِ فى أُمِّ الوَلَدِ تَجنِى قال: تُقَوَّمُ على سَيِّدِها (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٣٨ - قال: وحَدَّثَنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ الأعلَى، عن مَعمَرٍ، عن الزُّهرِىِّ فى أُمِّ الوَلَدِ إذا جَنَت: فعَلَى سَيِّدِها جِنايَتُها (^٤).\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢١٨٩) من طريق يحيى بن سعيد به. والطحاوى فى شرح المعانى ٣/ ١١٤ من طريق نافع به.\n(^٢) المصنف فى الصغرى (٤٥٦١). وأخرجه سعيد بن منصور (١٧٨٩) من طريق فضيل به.\n(^٣) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٩٣).\n(^٤) ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٩٢).","vol":"21","page":539},{"text":"٢١٨٣٩ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعٍ، عن سُفيانَ، عن خالِدٍ، عن أبى مَعشَرٍ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: جِنايَةُ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ على سَيِّدِها (^١).\n\n٢١٨٤٠ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو يَحيَى، حدثنا إبراهيمُ بنُ صَدَقَةَ، عن سُفيانَ، عن الحَكَمِ قال: جِنايَةُ أُمَّ الوَلَدِ لا تَعدو رَقَبَتَها (^٢).\n\n<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4478>بابُ عِدَّةِ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ إذا توُفِّىَ عَنها سَيِّدُها</span>\n\n٢١٨٤١ - أخبرَنا أبو أحمدَ عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ محمدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ المِهرَجانِىُّ، أنبأنا أبو بكرِ ابنُ جَعفَرٍ المُزَكِّى، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ إبراهيمَ البُوشَنجِىُّ، حدثنا ابنُ بُكَيرٍ، حدثنا مالكٌ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابنِ عُمَرَ أنَّه قال فى أُمِّ الوَلَدِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنها سَيِّدُها: تَعتَدُّ بحَيضَةٍ (^٣).\nوقَد مَضَى فى كِتابِ العِدَدِ (^٤) ما رُوِىَ فيها مِنَ الاختِلافِ (^٥)، وبِاللَّهِ التَّوفيقُ.\n\n٢١٨٤٢ - أخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ الحافظُ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا\n_________\n(^١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٩١) عن وكيع به.\n(^٢) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (٢٧٧٩٠) عن إبراهيم بن صدقة به.\n(^٣) المصنف فى الصغرى عقب (٢٨٤٩)، ومالك فى الموطأ برواية يحيى الليثى ٢/ ٥٩٣، وبرواية يحيى بن بكير (١٢/ ١٦ و- مخطوط). وتقدم فى (١٥٦٧٣).\n(^٤) فى م: \"العدة\".\n(^٥) ينظر ما تقدم فى (١٥٦٧٢ - ١٥٦٨٣).","vol":"21","page":540},{"text":"الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفيانَ، حدثنا أبو بكرٍ، حدثنا المُعتَمِرُ، عن كَثيرِ بنِ نُباتَةَ، عن ابنِ سيرينَ قال: إذا اشتَرَى الرَّجُلُ الوَصيفَةَ لَم تَبلُغِ المَحيضَ استَبرأها ثلاثةَ (^١) أشهُرٍ (^٢).\n\n٢١٨٤٣ - وأخبرَنا أبو عبدِ اللَّهِ، أنبأنا أبو الوَليدِ، حدثنا محمدُ بنُ أحمدَ بنِ زُهَيرٍ، حدثنا عبدُ اللَّهِ هو ابنُ هاشِمٍ، عن وكيعٍ، عن مِسعَرٍ وسُفيانَ، عن عبدِ الكَريمِ، عن مُجاهِدٍ قال: ثَلاثَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٣).\n\n٢١٨٤٤ - وعن وكيعٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن الحَكَمِ، عن إبراهيمَ قال: ثَلاثَةُ أشهُرٍ (^٤).\nورُوّيناه عن عَطاءٍ وطاوُسٍ وعُمَرَ بنِ عبدِ العَزيزِ وأبِى قِلابَةَ (^٥).\n_________\n(^١) فى م: \"بثلاثة\".\n(^٢) ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٨٠٨).\n(^٣) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٩٠) عن وكيع به. وعبد الرزاق (١٢٨٨٩) عن سفيان الثورى به.\n(^٤) أخرجه عبد الرزاق (١٢٨٩٠)، وسعيد بن منصور (١٢٨٧)، وابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٨٩) من طريق الحكم به.\n(^٥) ينظر مصنف ابن أبى شيبة (١٦٧٨٦، ١٦٧٨٨، ١٦٧٩١).","vol":"21","page":541},{"text":"آخر كتاب \"السُّنن الكبير\"\nقالَ الإمامُ أحمدُ المصنفُ ﵀: فَرَغتُ منه بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومَنِّه يومَ الاثنين، الثَّانىَ عَشَرَ من جُمادَى الآخرةِ، سنةَ اثنتينِ وثلاثينَ وأربعِمائةٍ، والحمدُ للَّهِ ربِّ العالمينَ حقَّ حمدِه، والصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ على سيدِنا محمدٍ وآلِه، وحسبُنا اللَّهُ ونِعمَ الوكيلُ.\n\nتَمَّ بحمدِ اللَّهِ ومنِّه الجزءُ الحادى والعشرونَ وهو آخرُ الكتابِ\nويتلوه الجزءُ الثانى والعشرونَ، وأولُه: الفهارسُ العامةُ","vol":"21","page":542},{"text":"١٢ -<span data-type=\"title\" id=toc-4479> فهرس مراجع التحقيق</span>\n- الآثار، لأبى يوسف، تحقيق: أبو الوفا، عنيت بنشره لجنة إحياء المعارف النعمانية، حيدر آباد الدكن - الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٥٥ هـ.\n- الآثار، لمحمد بن الحسن الشيبانى، إدارة القرآن والعلوم الإسلامية، كراتشى، باكستان، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤١١ هـ.\n- الآحاد والمثانى، لابن أبى عاصم، تحقيق: د. باسم فيصل الجوابرة، دار الراية، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- الآداب، للبيهقى، دراسة وتحقيق: محمد عبد القادر أحمد عطا، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- آداب الشافعى ومناقبه، لابن أبى حاتم، قدم له وحقق أصله وعلق عليه: عبد الغنى عبد الخالق، مكتبة التراث الإسلامى، حلب، بدون تاريخ.\n- آداب المحبة، لأبى عبد الرحمن السلمى، تحقيق: مجدى فتحى السيد، دار الصحابة، طنطا، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٠ م.\n- الأباطيل والمناكير والصحاح والمشاهير، للجورقانى، تحقيق عبد الرحمن ابن عبد الجبار الفريوائى، دار الصميعى، الرياض، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- الإبانة عن شريعة الفرقة الناجيه، لابن بطة، دار الراية، الرياض، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٨ هـ.\n- إبطال الحيل، لابن بطة العكبرى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، دمشق، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- أبو زرعة الرازى وجهوده فى السنة النبوية مع تحقيق كتابه الضعفاء وأجوبته على","vol":"23","page":1094},{"text":"أسئلة البرذعى، دراسة وتحقيق: د. سعدى الهاشمى، دار الوفاء، المنصورة، مصر، ومكتبة ابن القيم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة، للبوصيرى، بذيل المطالب العالية، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: أيمن على أبو يمانى، وأشرف صلاح على، مؤسسة قرطبة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- إتحاف المرتقى بتراجم شيوخ البيهقى، جمع: محمود بن عبد الفتاح النحال، قدم له: فضيلة الشيخ مصطفى العدوى، دار الميمان، الرياض، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٩ هـ/ ٢٠٠٨ م.\n- الإتقان فى علوم القرآن، للسيوطى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، الهيئة العامة للكتاب، القاهرة، ١٩٧٤ م.\n- إثبات عذاب القبر وسؤال الملكين، للبيهقى، تحقيق: المكتب السلفى لتحقيق التراث الإسلامى، مكتبة التراث الإسلامى، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- أجوبة أبى زرعة الرازى = أبو زرعة الرازى وجهوده فى السنة النبوية\n- أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر = جزء فيه أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر.\n- أحاديث أبى عروبة الحرانى برواية أبى أحمد الحاكم، لأبى عروبة الحرانى، دراسة وتحقيق: عبد الرحيم محمد أحمد القشقرى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- أحاديث الخلاف = التحقيق فى أحاديث الخلاف.\n- الأحاديث الطوال، للطبرانى، تحقيق: مصطفى عبد القادر، دار الكتب","vol":"23","page":1095},{"text":"العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- الأحاديث العوالى من جزء ابن عرفة العبدى، رواية شيخ الإسلام الحافظ ابن تيمية، انتقاء الذهبى، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الجبار الفريوائى، دار الكتب السلفية، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- الأحاديث التى خولف فيها مالك، للدارقطنى، تحقيق: أبى عبد البارى رضا ابن خالد الجزائرى، مكتبة الرشد، وشركة الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- أحاديث محمد بن هشام بن ملّاس النميرى، وهى \"سباعتات أبى المعالى الفُراوى\"، علق عليها وخرج نصوصها: يحيى بن عبد اللَّه البكرى الشهرى، أضواء السلف، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- الأحاديث المختارة، للضياء المقدسى، تحقيق: عبد الملك بن عبد اللَّه بن دهيش، مكتبة النهضة الحديثة، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- الإحسان فى تقريب صحيح ابن حبان، ترتيب: الأمير علاء الدين بن بلبان الفارسى، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- أحكام العيدين، للفريابى، تحقيق: مساعد بن سليمان بن راشد، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- الإحكام فى أصول الأحكام، لابن حزم، دار الحديث، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ.\n- أحكام القرآن، للجصاص، تحقيق: محمد الصادق قمحاوى، دار إحياء التراث العربى، ومؤسسة التاريخ العربى، بيروت، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.","vol":"23","page":1096},{"text":"- أحكام القرآن، للشافعى، تحقيق: عبد الغنى عبد الخالق، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، ١٤٠٠ هـ.\n- الأحكام الوسطى، لعبد الحق الإشبيلى، تحقيق: حمدى السلفى، صبحى السامرائى - مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- أخبار أصبهان = ذكر أخبار أصبهان.\n- أخبار الشيوخ وأخلاقهم، للإمام أبى بكر أحمد بن محمد بن الحجاج المروذى، تحقيق: الدكتور عامر حسن صبرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٦ هـ/ ٢٠٠٥ م.\n- أخبار القضاة، لوكيع محمد بن خلف بن حيان، عالم الكتب، بيروت، مصورة عن المكتبة التجارية بشارع محمد على بمحر، لصاحبها مصطفى محمد، الطبعة الأولى، مطبعة الاستقامة بالقاهرة، ١٣٦٦ هـ/ ١٩٤٧ م.\n- أخبار المدينة، لابن شيبة = تاريخ المدينة.\n- أخبار مكة، للأزرقى، تحقيق: رشدى الصالح، دار الثقافة، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الثامنة، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- أخبار مكة، للفاكهى، تحقيق: د. عبد الملك بن عبد اللَّه بن دهيش، دار خضر، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٤ هـ.\n- اختلاف الحديث، للشافعى، تحقيق: عامر أحمد حيدر، مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- أخلاق حملة القرآن، للآجرى، حققه: د. عبد العزيز بن عبد الفتاح القارئ، مكتبة الدار بالمدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- أخلاق النبى -ﷺ- وآدابه، لأبى الشيخ الأصبهانى، تحقيق: أبى الفضل","vol":"23","page":1097},{"text":"عبد اللَّه محمد الصديق الغمارى، مطابع الهلالى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٧٨ هـ/ ١٩٥٩ م.\n- الإخوان، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: محمد عبد الرحمن طوالبة، دار الاعتصام، ١٩٨٨ م.\n- أدب الإملاء والاستملاء، للسمعانى، مطبعة بريل، مدينة ليدن، ١٩٥٢ م.\n- الأدب المفرد = فضل اللَّه الصمد فى توضيح الأدب المفرد.\n- الأذكار، للنووى، دار الفكر، بيروت.\n- الأربعون الصغرى، للبيهقى، تحقيق: أبى إسحاق الحوينى الأثرى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ.\n- الأربعين على مذهب المتحققين من الصوفية = كتاب الأربعين على مذهب المتحققين من الصوفية.\n- الأربعين للحسن بن سفيان = كتاب الأربعين للحسن بن سفيان.\n- الأربعين المتباينة السماع = الإمتاع بالأربعين المتباينة السماع.\n- إرشاد الساري إلى شرح صحيح البخارى، للقسطلانى، المطبعة الكبرى، الأميرية ببولاق مصر المحمية، ١٣٢٣ هـ.\n- الإرشاد فى معرفة علماء الحديث، للخليلى، تحقيق: د. محمد سعيد بن عمر إدريس، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- إرواء الغليل فى تخربج أحاديث منار السبيل، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- الأزمنة والأمكنة، للمرزوقى، مطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف بحيدر آباد الدكن - الهند، ١٩٣٢ م.\n- أساس البلاغة، للزمخشرى، دار الشعب، القاهرة، ١٩٦٥ م.","vol":"23","page":1098},{"text":"- الأسامى والكنى، للإمام أحمد، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن يوسف الجديع، مكتبة دار الأقصى، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/- ١٩٥٨ م.\n- أسباب النزول، للواحدى، مكتبة الدعوة، القاهرة.\n- الاستذكار الجامع لمذاهب فقهاء الأمصار وعلماء الأقطار فيما تضمنه الموطأ من معانى الرأى والآثار وشرح ذلك كله بإيجاز واختصار، لابن عبد البر الأندلسى، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار قتيبة، دمشق وبيروت، ودار الوعى، حلب والقاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- الاستيعاب فى معرفة الأصحاب، لابن عبد البر، تحقيق: على محمد البجاوى، مكتبة نهضة مصر، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- أسد الغابة فى معرفة الصحابة، لابن الأثير، دار الشعب، القاهرة، ١٩٧٠ م.\n- إسفار الفصيح، للهروى، دراسة وتحقيق: أحمد بن سعيد بن محمد قشاش، عمادة البحث العلمى بالجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٠ هـ.\n- الأسماء المبهمة فى الأنباء المحكمة، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: د. عز الدين على السيد، مكتبة الخانجى، القاهرة، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- الأسماء والصفات، للبيهقى، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن محمد الحاشدى، مكتبة السوادى، جدة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- الاشتقاق، لابن دريد، تحقيق: عيد السلام محمد هارون، مؤسسة الخانجى بمصر، والمكتب التجارى، بيروت، ومكتبة المثنى ببغداد، ١٣٧٨ هـ/ ١٩٥٨ م.\n- الإشراف فى منازل الأشراف، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: مجدى إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة.","vol":"23","page":1099},{"text":"- الأشربة، للإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن حجاج، مكتبة التراث، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- الإصابة فى تمييز الصحابة، للحافظ ابن حجر، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن عبد المحسن التركى بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٩ هـ/ ٢٠٠٨ م.\n- إصلاح المال، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق ودراسة: مصطفى مفلح القضاة، دار الوفاء للطباعة، المنصورة، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٠ م.\n- إصلاح المنطق، لابن السكيت، تحقيق: أحمد محمد شاكر، وعبد السلام هارون، دار المعارف، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٦٤ م.\n- أصول الاعتقاد = شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة والجماعة.\n- أطراف الغرائب والأفراد للدارقطنى، تصنيف ابن طاهر المقدسى، تحقيق: محمود محمد محمود حسن نصار والسيد يوسف، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- إطراف المسند المعتلى بأطراف المسند الحنبلى (أطراف مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل)، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: د. زهير بن ناصر الناصر، دار ابن كثير، ودار الكلم الطيب، دمشق وبيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- إعانة الطالبين، لأبى بكر ابن السيد محمد شطا الدمياطى، دار الفكر، بيروت.\n- الاعتبار فى الناسخ والمنسوخ من الآثار، للحازمى، إدارة الطباعة المنيرية، الطبعة الأولى، ٦٣٤٦ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1100},{"text":"- اعتقاد أهل السنة للالكائى = شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة والجماعة.\n- الاعتقاد والهداية إلى سبيل الرشاد، للبيهقى، تحقيق: أحمد بن إبراهيم أبو العينين، دار الفضيلة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- الاقتضاب فى غريب الموطأ وإعرابه على الأبواب، لأبى عبد اللَّه اليفرنى التلمسانى، حققه: د. عبد الرحمن بن سليمان العثيمين، مكتبة العبيكان، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- إكمال تهذيب الكمال، لمغلطاى، تحقيق: عادل محمد وأسامة إبراهيم، دار الفاروق الحديثة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- الإكمال فى رفع الارتياب عن المؤتلف والمختلف فى الأسماء والكنى والأنساب، لابن ماكولا، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن يحيى المعلمى، مطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، ١٩٦٢ م.\n- إكمال المعلم بفوائد مسلم، للقاضى عياض، تحقيق: د. يحيى إسماعيل، دار الوفاء للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع، المنصورة، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- الأم، للشافعى، تحقيق: د. رفعت فوزى عبد المطلب، دار الوفاء، الطبعة الأولى، (١٤٢٢ هـ - ٢٠٥١ م).\n- الأم، للشافعى، تصحيح: محمد زهرى النجار، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٣ هـ/ ١٩٧٣ م.\n- الأمالى، لابن البخترى (ضمن مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى) تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، دار البشائر الإسلامية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.","vol":"23","page":1101},{"text":"- الأمالى، لابن بشران، ضبط نصه: عادل العزازى، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- أمالى ابن سمعون أبى الحسين، دراسة وتحقيق: الدكتور عامر حسن صبرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- الأمالى الخميسية = كتاب الأمالى ليحيى بن الحسين الشجرى.\n- أمالى الشجرى = كتاب الأمالى ليحيى بن الحسين الشجرى.\n- الأمالى فى آثار المحابة، لعبد الرزاق الصنعانى، تحقيق وتعليق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة، ١٩٨٩ م.\n- أمالى المحاملى، تحقيق: د. إبراهيم القيسى، المكتبة الإسلامية، دار ابن القيم، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ.\n- الأمالى والقراءة، للحسن بن على بن عفان، تحقيق: مسعد عبد الحميد، دار الصحابة، طنطا، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٣ هـ.\n- الإمامة والرد على الرافضة، لأبى نعيم، تحقيق: د. على بن محمد بن ناصر الفقيهى، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الإمتاع بالأربعين المتباينة السماع، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: محمد حسن محمد حسن إسماعيل الشافعى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- الأمثال، لأبى الخير زيد بن عبد اللَّه بن رفاعة الهاشمى، دار سعد الدين، دمشق، ١٤٢٣ هـ.\n- أمثال الحديث، للرامهرمزى، تحقيق: أمة الكريم القرشية، مطبعة","vol":"23","page":1102},{"text":"الحيدرى، حيدر آباد با كستان، ١٣٨٠ هـ/ ١٩٦٨ م.\n- الأمثال فى الحديث النبوى، لأبى الشيخ الأصبهانى، تحقيق: د. عبد العلى عبد الحميد حامد، الدار السلفية، بومباى، الهند، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الأموال، لابن زنجويه، تحقيق: د. شاكر ذيب فياض، مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- الأموال، لأبى عبيد القاسم بن سلام، تحقيق: محمد خليل هراس، دار الفكر، بيروت، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- إنباه الرواة على أنباه النحاة، للقفطى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار الكتب المصرية، ١٣٦٩ هـ.\n- الانتقاء فى فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء، لابن عبد البر، عنيت بنشره مكتبة القدسى، ١٣٥٠ هـ.\n- الأنساب، للسمعانى، تقديم وتعليق: عبد اللَّه عمر البارودى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- أنساب الأشراف، للبلاذرى = جمل من أنساب الأشراف.\n- الأنساب المتفقة، لابن القيسرانى = المؤتلف والمختلف.\n- الإنصاف فى مسائل الخلاف بين البصريين والكوفيين، لابن الأنبارى، دار الفكر، دمشق.\n- الأنوار فى مسائل النبى المختار، للحسين بن مسعود البغوى، تحقيق: الشيخ إبراهيم اليعقوبى، دار الضياء للطباعة والنشر، بيروت، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.","vol":"23","page":1103},{"text":"- الأوائل، لأبى عروبة = كتاب الأوائل.\n- الأوسط، للطبرانى = المعجم الأوسط.\n- الأوسط فى السنن والإجماع والاختلاف، لابن المنذر، تحقيق: صغير أحمد ابن محمد حنيف، الرياض، ١٤٠٥ هـ.\n- الأوهام التى فى مدخل الحاكم النيسابورى، لعبد الغنى الأزدى، تحقيق: مشهور حسن سلمان، مكتبة المنار، الزرقاء، الأردن، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- الإيثار بمعرفة رواة الآثار، لابن حجر العسقلانى، قدم له وعلق عليه: على ابن سليم بن عيد العبادى، دار العاصمة، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- الإيمان، لابن منده، تحقيق: د. على بن محمد بن ناصر الفقيهى، لجنة إحياء التراث الإسلامى، المجلس العلمى بالجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- الإيناس فى علم الأنساب، للوزير المغربى، أعده للنشر: حمد الجاسر، دار اليمامة للبحث والترجمة والنشر، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٠ م.\n- البحر الزخار (مسند البزار)، لأبى بكر البزار، تحقيق: د. محفوظ الرحمن زين اللَّه، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- بحر العلوم (تفسير السمرقندى)، لأبى الليث نصر بن محمد بن إبراهيم السمرقندى الفقيه الحنفى، تحقيق: د. محمود مطرجى، دار الفكر، بيروت.","vol":"23","page":1104},{"text":"- البحر المحيط، لأبى حيان الأندلسى الغرناطى، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م، مصورة عن طبعة مطبعة السعادة بالقاهرة ١٣٢٩ هـ.\n- البداية والنهاية، لابن كثير، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه بن عبد المحسن التركى، بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- البدر المنير فى تخريج الأحاديث والآثار الواقعة فى الشرح الكبير، لابن الملقن، تحقيق: مصطفى أبو الغيط، وعبد اللَّه سليمان، وياسر بن كمال، دار الهجرة للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- البر والصلة، لابن المبارك، تحقيق: د. محمد سعيد بخارى، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ.\n- البعث والنشور، للبيهقى، تحقيق: محمد السعيد بن بسيونى زغلول، مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- بغيه الماحث عن زوائد مسند الحارث، للهيثمى، تحقيق: مسعد عبد الحميد محمد السعدنى، دار الطلائع، القاهرة، ١٩٩٤ م.\n- بغيه الطلب فى تاريخ حلب، لابن العديم (مخطوط)، معهد تاريخ العلوم العربية والإسلامية، فؤاد سزكين، جامعة ألمانيا الاتحادية، طبع بالتصوير عن مخطوطة ٣٠٣٦ أيا صوفيا، مكتبة السليمانية، إستانبول.\n- بغية الوعاة فى طقات اللغويين والنحاة، للسيوطى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، مطبعة عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٨٤ هـ/ ١٩٦٤ م.\n- بيان خطأ محمد بن إسماعيل البخارى فى تاريخه، لابن أبى حاتم، صُحّح عن","vol":"23","page":1105},{"text":"النسخة القديمة الوحيدة المحفوظة فى مكتبة أحمد الثالث بإستانبول رقم (٦٢٤).\n- بيان خطأ من أخطأ على الشافعى، للبيهقى، تحقيق: خليل إبراهيم ملَّا خاطر، الرئاسة العامة لإدارات البحوث العلمية والإفتاء والدعوة والإرشاد، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٠ م.\n- البيان فى عد آى القرآن، لأبى عمرو الدانى، تحقيق: غانم قدورى الحمد، مركز المخطوطات والتراث، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- بيان الوهم والإيهام الواقعين فى كتاب الأحكام، لابن القطان، دراسة وتحقيق: د. الحسين آيت سعيد، دار طيبة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس، للزبيدى، تحقيق: عبد الستار أحمد فراج وآخرين، نشرته: وزارة الإعلام بالكويت، ١٣٨٥ هـ/ ١٩٦٥ م.\n- تاريخ ابن أبى خيثمة = التاريخ الكبير.\n- تاريخ ابن جرير = تاريخ الرسل والملوك.\n- تاريخ أبى زرعة الدمشقى، تحقيق: شكر اللَّه بن نعمة اللَّه القوجانى، مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق، ١٩٨٠ م.\n- تاريخ الإسلام ووفيات المشاهير والأعلام، للذهبى، تحقيق: د. عمر عبد السلام تدمرى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- تاريخ أسماء الثقات ممن نقل عنهم العلم، لابن شاهين، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.","vol":"23","page":1106},{"text":"- تاريخ أصبهان = ذكر أخبار أصبهان.\n- التاريخ الأوسط، للبخارى، تحقيق: تيسير بن سعد، دار الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٦ هـ/ ٢٠٠٥ م.\n- تاريخ بغداد، للخطيب البغدادى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت.\n- تاريخ بيهق، لعلى بن زيد البيهقى، ترجمه عن الفارسية وحققه: يوسف الهادى، دار اقرأ، دمشق، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- تاريخ الثقات، للعجلى، بترتيب الهيثمى، وتضمينات ابن حجر، تحقيق: عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- تاريخ جرجان، للسهمى، مطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٦٩ هـ/ ١٩٥٠ م.\n- تاريخ دمشق، لابن عساكر، تحقيق: عمر بن غرامة العمروى، دار الفكر، بيروت، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- تاريخ الدورى = تاريخ يحيى بن معين، برواية الدورى.\n- تاريخ الرسل والملوك، لأبى جعفر الطبرى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار المعارف بمصر، ١٩٦١ م.\n- التاريخ الصغير، للبخارى، تحقيق: محمود إبراهيم زايد، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- تاريخ الطبرى = تاريخ الرسل والملوك.\n- تاريخ عثمان بن سعيد الدارمى عن أبى زكريا يحيى بن معين فى تجريح الرواة وتعديلهم، تحقيق: د. أحمد محمد نور سيف، دار المأمون للتراث، ١٤٠٠ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1107},{"text":"- التاريخ الكبير، للإمام البخارى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، مصورة عن طبعة الجمعية العلمية العليا بدائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، ١٣٦٢ هـ.\n- التاريخ الكبير المعروف بتاريخ ابن أبى خيثمة، تحقيق: صلاح بن فتحى هلل، دار الفاروق الحديثة، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- تاريخ المدينة المنورة، لابن شيبة، حققه: فهيم محمد شلتوت، طبع على نفقة السيد: حبيب محمود أحمد، دار الأصفهانى بجدة، بدون تاريخ.\n- تاريخ واسط، لبحشل، تحقيق: كوركيس عواد، مطبعة المعارف، بغداد، ١٣٨٧ هـ/ ١٩٦٧ م.\n- تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدارمى = تاريخ عثمان بن سعيد الدارمى عن أبى زكريا يحيى بن معين فى تخريج الرواة وتعديلهم.\n- تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية عباس الدورى، تحقيق: د. أحمد محمد نور سيف، مركز البحث العلمى وإحياء التراث الإسلامى بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز، مكة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- تالى تلخيص المتشابه، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: أبى عبيدة مشهور بن حسن آل سلمان، وأبى حذيفة أحمد الشقيرات، دار الصميعى للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- تأويل مختلف الحديث، لابن قتيبة، صححه وضبطه: محمد زهرى النجار، دار الجيل، بيروت، ١٣٩٣ هـ/ ١٩٧٣ م.\n- تبصير المنتبه بتحرير المشتبه، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: على محمد البجاوى، المؤسسة المصرية العامة للتأليف، ١٩٦٧ م.\n- تبيين الامتتان بالأمر بالاختتان، لابن عساكر، دراسة وتحقيق: مجدى فتحى","vol":"23","page":1108},{"text":"السيد، دار الصحابة للتراث، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- تحريم النرد والشطرنج والملاهى، للآجرى، حققه وقدم له وخرج أحاديثه: عمر بن غرامة العمروى، الطبعة الأولى عام ١٤٠٠ هـ.\n- تحفة الأحوذى فى شرح جامع الترمذى، لمحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن الحافظ عبد الرحيم المباركفورى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت.\n- تحفة الأشراف بمعرفة الأطراف، للمزى، وبذيله النكت الظراف على الأطراف، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تصحيح وتعليق: عبد الصمد شرف الدين، الدار القيمة، بمباى، الهند، ١٣٩٢ هـ/ ١٩٧٢ م.\n- تحفة التحصيل فى ذكر رواة المراسيل، لأبي زرعة ابن العراقى، ضبط وتعليق: عبد اللَّه نوارة، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- التحقيق فى أحاديث الخلاف، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: مسعد عبد الحميد محمد السعدنى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ.\n- التدوين فى أخبار قزوين، للرافعى القزوينى، تحقيق: عزيز اللَّه العطاردى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- تذكرة الحفاظ، للذهبى، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن يحيى المعلمى، دار إحياء التراث العربى، بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة، مصورة عن طبعة دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند ١٣٧٦ هـ/ ١٩٥٦ م.\n- الترغيب فى فضائل الأعمال وثواب ذلك، لابن شاهين، تحقيق: صالح أحمد مصلح الوعيل، إشراف: د. أكرم ضياء العمرى، دار ابن الجوزى، الدمام، جدة، الرياض، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- الترغيب والترهيب، للمنذرى، ضبط وتعليق: مصطفى محمد عمارة،","vol":"23","page":1109},{"text":"مراجعة: عبد اللَّه بن إبراهيم الأنصارى، المكتبة العصرية، بيروت.\n- تركة النبى -ﷺ-، لحماد بن إسحاق، تحقيق: د. أكرم ضياء العمرى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ.\n- تصحيفات المحدثين، لأبى أحمد العسكرى، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود أحمد ميرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٢ هـ/ ١٩٨٢ م.\n- تعجيل المنفعة بزوائد رجال الأئمة الأربعة، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: د. إكرام اللَّه إمداد الحق، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- التعديل والتجريح، للباجى، تحقيق: د. أبو لبابة حسين، الرياض، دار اللواء للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- تعريف أهل التقديس بمراتب الموصوفين بالتدليس، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: د. عاصم بن عبد اللَّه القريوتى، مكتبة المنار، الأردن، الطبعة الأولى، ببدون تاريخ.\n- تعظيم قدر الصلاة، للمروزى، تحقيق: د. عبد الرحمن عبد الجبار الفريوائى، مكتبة الدار، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- التعليقات الحسان على صحيح ابن حبان، وتمييز سقيمه من صحيحه، وشاذه من محفوظه، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، دار باوزير.\n- تغليق التعليق على صحيح البخارى، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: سعيد عبد الرحمن موسى القزقى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت ودمشق، ودار عمان، بعمان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٥٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- تفسير ابن أبى حاتم، تحقيق: أسعد محمد الطيب، المكتبة العصرية، صيدا، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.","vol":"23","page":1110},{"text":"- تفسير ابن جرير = جامع البيان عن تأويل آى القرآن\n- تفسير ابن كثير = تفسير القرآن العظيم.\n- تفسير ابن المنذر = كتاب تفسير القرآن.\n- تفسير البغوى \"معالم التتزيل\"، للإمام أبى محمد الحسين بن مسعود البغوى، حققه وخرج أحاديثه: محمد عبد اللَّه النمر، وعثمان جمعة خميرية، وسليمان مسلم الحرش، دار طيبة للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- تفسير الكلبى = الكشف والبيان عن تفسير القرآن.\n- تفسير سعيد بن منصور = سنن سعيد بن منصور (تفسير).\n- تفسير سفيان الثورى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٥٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- تفسير السمرقندى = بحر العلوم.\n- تفسير الطبرى = جامع البيان عن تأويل آى القرآن.\n- تفسير عبد الرزاق = تفسير القرآن.\n- تفسير غريب ما فى الصحيحين، لمحمد بن أبى نصر الحميدى، تحقيق: د. زبيدة محمد سعيد عبد العزيز، مكتبة السنة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- تفسير القرآن، لعبد الرزاق الصنعانى، تحقيق: مصطفى مسلم محمد، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- تفسير القرآن العظيم، لابن كثير، تحقيق: عبد العزيز غنيم وآخرين، دار الشعب، القاهرة، ١٣٩٠ هـ/ ١٩٧١ م.\n- تفسير مجاهد بن جبر، تحقيق، د. محمد عبد السلام أبو النيل، دار الفكر","vol":"23","page":1111},{"text":"الإسلامى الحديث، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- تفسير مقاتل بن سليمان، تحقيق: أحمد فريد، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- تقريب التهذيب، لابن حجر العسقلانى، حققه وعلق حواشيه وقدم له عبد الوهاب عبد اللطيف، دار المعرفة للطباعة والنشر، بيروت - لبنان، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٥ هـ/ ١٩٧٥ م.\n- التقييد لمعرفة رواة السنن والمسانيد، لابن نقطة الحنبلى، تحقيق: كمال يوسف الحوت، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- تكملة الإكمال، لابن نقطة، تحقيق: د. عبد القيوم عبد رب النبى، مركز إحياء التراث الإسلامى بجامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- التلخيص الحبير فى تخريج أحاديث الرافعى الكبير، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تصحيح وتعليق: السيد عبد اللَّه هاشم اليمانى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، ١٣٨٤ هـ/ ١٩٦٤ م.\n- تمام المنة فى التعليق على فقه السنة، للألبانى، دار الراية، الرياض، الطبعة الخامسة، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- التمهيد لما فى الموطأ من المعانى والأسانيد، لابن عبد البر، تحقيق: مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر.\n- التمييز، لمسلم بن الحجاج، تحقيق: محمد مصطفى الأعظمى، مكتبة الكوثر، السعودية، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- تنقيح التحقيق، لابن عبد الهادى، تحقيق: أيمن صالح شعبان، دار الكتب","vol":"23","page":1112},{"text":"العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٨ م.\n- تنقيح التحقق فى أحاديت التعليق، للذهبى، تحقيق: مصطفى أبو الغيط عبد الحى عجيب، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.\n- التهجد وقيام الليل، لابن أبى الدنيا، خقيق: مصلح بن جزاء بن فدغوش الحارثى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- تهذيب الآثار، لابن جرير الطبرى، تحقيق: محمود محمد شاكر، مطبعة المدنى، القاهرة ١٩٨٢ م.\n- تهذيب الآثار (بقية مسند عبد الرحمن بن عون)، للطبرى، تحقيق: على رضا ابن عبد اللَّه بن على رضا، دار المأمون للتراث، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- تهذيب الأسماء واللغات، للنووى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، مصورة عن الطبعة المنيرية بالقاهرة.\n- تهذيب التهذيب، لابن حجر العسقلانى، مطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف النظامية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند ١٣٢٥ هـ.\n- تهذيب الكمال فى أسماء الرجال، للمزى، تحقيق: بشار عواد معروف، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- تهذيب اللغة، للأزهرى، تحقيق: عبد السلام محمد هارون، وآخرين، المؤسسة المصرية العامة للتأليف والأنباء والنشر، الدار المصرية للتأليف والترجمة، القاهرة، ١٣٨٤ هـ/ ١٩٦٤ م.\n- تهذيب مستمر الأوهام، لابن ماكولا، تحقيق: سيد كسروى حسن، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1113},{"text":"- التواضع والخمول، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: لطفى محمد الصغير، إشراف: د. نجم عبد الرحمن خلف، دار الاعتصام، ١٩٨٨ م.\n- التوبة، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، ١٩٩١ م.\n- التوبيخ والتنبيه، لأبى الشيخ الأصبهانى، تحقيق وتعليق: أبى الأشبال حسن ابن أمين بن المندوه، مكتبة التوعية الإسلامية، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- التوحيد، لابن خزيمة، دراسة وتحقيق: د. عبد العزيز بن إبراهيم الشهوان، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة السادسة، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م،\n- التوحيد، لابن منده: تحقيق: د. على بن محمد بن ناصر الفقيهى، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- توضيح المشتبه فى ضبط أسماء الرواة وأنسابهم وألقابهم وكناهم، لابن ناصر الدين شمس الدين محمد بن عبد اللَّه الدمشقى، تحقيق: محمد نعيم العرقسوس، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٣ م.\n- التيسير بشرح الجامع الصفير، للمناوى، مكتبة الإمام الشافعى، الرياض، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٥٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- التيسير فى القراءات السبع، لأبى عمرو الدانى، تصحيح: أوتويرتزل، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م (عن طبعة جمعية المستشرقين الألمان بمطبعة الدولة بإستنبول ١٩٣٠ م).\n- الثقات، لابن حبان، مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية، بيروت، مصورة عن طبعة مطبوعات دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، الطبعة الأولى ١٣٩٣ هـ/ ١٩٧٣ م.\n- الثقات، لابن شاهين = تاريخ أسماء الثقات ممن نقل عنهم العلم.","vol":"23","page":1114},{"text":"- الثقات للعجلى = تاريخ الثقات.\n- الثمر المستطاب فى فقه الكتاب والسنة، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مؤسسة غراس للنشر والتوزيع، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ.\n- جامع ابن وهب = الجامع فى الحديث.\n- جامع بيان العلم وفضله، لابن عبد البر، تحقيق: أبى الأشبال الزهيرى، دار ابن الجوزى، الدمام، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- جامع البيان عن تأويل آى القرآن، لابن جرير الطبرى، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه بن عبد المحسن التركى، بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- جامع التحصيل فى أحكام المراسيل، للعلائى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، عالم الكتب، بيروت ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٧٨ م.\n- الجامع الصحيح، للإمام البخارى، دار الشعب، القاهرة، ١٣٧٨ هـ.\n- الجامع الصحيح، للترمذى، تحقيق: أحمد محمد شاكر، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت.\n- الجامع الصغير فى أحاديث البشير النذير، للسيوطى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- جامع العلوم والحكم، لابن رجب الحنبلى، منشورات المؤسسة السعيدية، بالرياض.\n- الجامع فى الحديث، لابن وهب، تحقيق: د. مصطفى حسن أبو الخير، دار ابن الجوزى، السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- الجامع فى الخاتم، للبيهقى، صححه وعلق عليه: عمرو على عمر، الدار السلفية، بومباى، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.","vol":"23","page":1115},{"text":"- الجامع لأخلاق الراوى وآداب السامع، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: د. محمود الطحان، مكتبة المعارف، الرياض.\n- الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية، لابن البيطار، أعادت طبعه بالأوفست مكتبة المثنى ببغداد.\n- جامع المسانيد، (مجموعة الأحاديث والآثار تضم مسانيد الإمام أبى حنيفة) للخوارزمى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت.\n- الجرح والتعديل، لابن أبى حاتم، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، مصورة عن طبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٧١ هـ/ ١٩٥٢ م.\n- جزء ابن عرفة = الأحاديث العوالى من جزء ابن عرفة.\n- جزء ابن الغطريف، لمحمد بن أحمد بن الغطريف الجرجانى، تحقيق: د. عامر حسن صبرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- جزء أبى الجهم، تحقيق: عبد الرحيم بن محمد بن أحمد القشقرى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- جزء أبى الطاهر، لعلى بن عمر بن أحمد الدارقطنى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، دار الخلفاء للكتاب الإسلامى، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- جزء الألف دينار، للقطيعى، تحقيق: بدر بن عبد اللَّه البدر، دار النفائس، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- جزء بيبى بنت عبد الصمد الهروية الهرثمية، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الجبار الفريوائى، دار الخلفاء للكتاب الإسلامى، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٨٦ م.","vol":"23","page":1116},{"text":"- الجزء الثانى من حدث يحيى بن معين (الفوائد) برواية أبى بكر المررزى عنه، تحقيق: خالد بن عبد اللَّه السبيت، مكتبة الرشد، شركة الرياض، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- جزء حديث محمد بن عبد اللَّه الأنصارى = حديث محمد بن عبد اللَّه الأنصارى.\n- جزء حنبل، التاسع من فوائد ابن السماك، تحقيق: هشام بن محمد، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- جزء حنبل بن إسحاق (ينظر الفتن لحنبل بن إسحاق).\n- جزء سعدان بن نصر، تحقيق: عبد المنعم إبراهيم، مكتبة نزار مصطفى الباز، مكة المكرمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- جزء سفيان بن عيينة (برواية أبى يحيى زكريا بن يحيى بن أسد المروزى)، تحقيق: مسعد بن عبد الحميد، دار الصحابة للتراث، طنطا، مصر، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- جزء على بن حجر = حديث على بن حجر.\n- جزء على بن محمد الحميرى، لعلى بن محمد بن هارون بن زياد الحميرى، تحقيق ودراسة وتخريج: د. عبد العزيز بن سليمان بن إبراهيم البعيمى، مكتبة الرشد، وشركة الرياض، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- جزء عوالى الإمام أبى حنيفة، للحافظ الدمشقى، تحقيق: خالد عواد، دار الفرفور، دمشق، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- جزء فيه أحاديث أبى الزبير عن غير جابر لأبى الشيخ الأصبهانى، حققه وخرج أحاديثه: بدر بن عبد اللَّه البدر، مكتبة الرشد، شركة الرياض، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٦٩٩ م.","vol":"23","page":1117},{"text":"- جزء فيه أحاديث أبى الشيخ، انتقاء: ابن مردويه، تحقيق: بدر بن عبد اللَّه البدر، مكتبة المرشد للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- جزء فيه أحاديث الإمام أيوب السختيانى، تأليف الإمام: إسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضى، تحقيق ودراسة: د. سليمان بن عبد العزيز العرينى، مكتبة الرشد، وشركة الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- جزء فيه من حديث أبى سعيد الأشج، لعبد اللَّه بن سعيد الأشج الكندى، حققه وخرج أحاديثه: أبو نجيد إسماعيل بن محمد سيد على الجزائرى، دار المغنى للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- جزء فيه من حديث لوين، لأبى جعفر محمد بن سليمان بن حبيب المصيصى المعروف بلوين، تحقيق: غنيم بن عباس بن غنيم، مكتبة الرشد، وشركة الرياض، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- جزء محمد بن عمرو الرزاز = مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى الرزاز.\n- الجعديات (حديث على بن الجعد الجوهرى)، لأبى القاسم البغوى، تحقيق: د. رفعت فوزى عبد المطلب، مكتبة الخانجى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- جلاء الأفهام فى فضل الصلاة على محمد خير الأنام، لابن القيم، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وعبد القادر الأرنؤوط، دار العروبة، الكويت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الجمع بين الصحيحين البخارى ومسلم، لمحمد بن فتوح الحميدى، تحقيق د. على حسين البواب، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.","vol":"23","page":1118},{"text":"- جمل من أنساب الأشراف، للبلاذرى، تحقيق: د. سهيل زكار، ود. رياض زركلى، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- جمهرة الأجزاء الحديثية، أعتناء وتخريج: محمد زياد عمر تكلة، مكتبة العبيكان، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- جمهرة أنساب العرب، لابن حزم، تحقيق: عبد السلام محمد هارون، دار المعارف، القاهرة ١٣٨٢ هـ/ ١٩٦٢ م.\n- الجهاد، لابن أبى عاصم، تحقيق: مساعد بن سليمان الراشد الحميد، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- الجهاد، لابن المبارك، تحقيق: د. نزيه حماد، مجمع البحوث الإسلامية، القاهرة، ١٣٩٧ هـ/ ١٩٧٧ م.\n- الجواهر المضية فى طبقات الحنفية، للقرشى، تحقيق: د. عبد الفتاح محمد الحلو، دار هجر للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- الجوع، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: محمد خير رمضان يوسف، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- الجوهر النقى، مطبوع بذيل السنن الكبرى للبيهقى، دار المعرفة، مصورة عن طبعة مطبعة دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، ١٣٤٤ هـ.\n- حاشية ابن القيم على سنن أبى داود، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- حاشية السندى على صحيح البخارى، لمحمد بن عبد الهادى السندى المدنى الحنفى، دار الفكر، بيروت.","vol":"23","page":1119},{"text":"- حاشية العدوى على شرح كفاية الطالب، لعلى الصعيدى العدوى المالكى، تحقيق: يوسف الشيخ محمد البقاعى، دار الفكر، بيروت، ١٤١٢ هـ.\n- حاشية السندى، مطبوع مع سنن النسائى بشرح الحافظ جلال الدين السيوطى، دار المعرفة بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- الحاوى الكبير فى فقه مذهب الإمام الشافعى ﵁ وهو شرح مختصر المزنى، للماوردى، تحقيق وتعليق: على محمد معوض، وعادل أحمد عبد الموجود، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- الحاوى للفتاوى فى الفقه وعلوم التفسير والحديث والأصول والنحو والإعراب وسائر الفنون، للسيوطى، تحقيق: عبد اللطيف حسن عبد الرحمن، داود الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.\n- الحجة على أهل المدينة، لمحمد بن الحسن الشيبانى، تصحيح وتعليق: السيد مهدى حسن الكيلانى، عالم الكتب، بيروت، مصورة عن طبعة مطبعة المعارف الشرقية بحيدر آباد، الهند ١٣٨٥ هـ/ ١٩٦٥ م.\n- حجة القراءات، لابن زنجلة، تحقيق: سعيد الأفغانى، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- حجة الوداع، لابن حزم، تحقيق: أبو صهيب الكرمى، بيت الأفكار الدولية للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٨ م.\n- حديث أبى عروبة = أحاديث أبى عروبة الحرانى.\n- حديث أبى محمد الفاكهى = فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى.\n- حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر = حديث على بن حجر السعدى عن إسماعيل بن جعفر المدنى.","vol":"23","page":1120},{"text":"- حديث خيثمة الأطرابلسى، لخيثمة بن سليمان بن حيدرة أبى الحسن الأطرابلسى، تحقيق: د. عمر عبد السلام تدمرى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت، ١٤٠٠ هـ.\n- حديث الزهرى أبى الفضل عبيد اللَّه بن عبد الرحمن، تحقيق: د. حسن بن محمد بن على شبالة، أضواء السلف، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- حديث شعبة، لأبى الحسين محمد بن المظفر بن موسى بن عيسى بن محمد البغدادى، تحقيق: صالح عثمان اللحام، الدار العثمانية، عمَّان، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- حديث على بن حجر السعدى عن إسماعيل بن جعفر المدنى، دراسة وتحقيق: عمر بن رفود بن رفيد السفيانى، مكتبة الرشد، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- حديث محمد بن عبد اللَّه الأنصارى، تحقيق: مسعد عبد الحميد محمد السعدنى، أضواء السلف، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- حسن المحاضرة فى تاريخ مصر والقاهرة، للسيوطى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٨٧ هـ/ ١٩٦٧ م.\n- حلية الأولياء وطبقات الأصفياء، لأبى نعيم الأصبهانى، مطبعة السعادة، القاهرة، ١٣٩٤ هـ/ ١٩٧٤ م.\n- حياة الأنبياء فى قبورهم، للبيهقى، تحقيق: سيد بن عباس الجليمى، مكتبة السنة، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- حياة الحيوان الكبرى، للدميرى، مكتبة ومطبعة مصطفى البابى الحلبى،","vol":"23","page":1121},{"text":"القاهرة، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٣٨٩ هـ/ ١٩٦٩ م.\n- الخراج، لأبى يوسف يعقوب بن إبراهيم، تحقيق: د. إحسان عباس، دار الشروق، بيروت، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- الخراج، ليحيى بن آدم، تصحيح وشرح: أحمد محمد شاكر، المطبعة السلفية ومكتبتها، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٨٤ هـ.\n- خلاصة البدر المنير فى تخريج كتاب الشرح الكبير للرافعى، لابن الملقن، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد إسماعيل السلفى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- خلاصة تذهيب تهذيب الكمال فى أسماء الرجال، للخزرجى، مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية حلب، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩١ هـ/ ١٩٧١ م.\n- الخلافيات، للبيهقى، تحقيق: مشهور حسن آل سلمان، دار الصميعى، الزرقاء، الأردن، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ.\n- خلق أفعال العباد، للإمام البخارى، تحقيق: محمد السعيد بن بسيونى زغلول، مكتبة التراث الإسلامى، القاهرة، ١٩٨٨ م.\n- خير الكلام فى القراءة خلف الإمام، للبخارى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت.\n- الدر المنثور فى التفسير بالمأثور، للسيوطى، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه بن عبد المحسن التركى بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- الدراية فى تخريج أحاديث الهداية، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: السيد عبد اللَّه هاشم اليمانى المدنى، دار المعرفة، بيروت.\n- الدعاء، للطبرانى، تحقيق: د. محمد سعيد من محمد حسن البخارى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م","vol":"23","page":1122},{"text":"- الدعاء، للمحاملى، تحقيق: عمرو عبد المنعم، مكتبة ابن تيمية، القاهرة، ومكتبة العلم بجدة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ.\n- الدعوات الكبير، للبيهقى، تحقيق: بدر بن عبد اللَّه البدر، منشورات مركز المخطوطات والتراث والوثائق، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- دلائل النبوة، للبيهقى، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- الديات، لابن أبى عاصم الشيبانى، حققه عبد المنعم زكريا، دار الصميعى للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- الديباج شرح مسلم بن الحجاج، للسيوطى، تحقيق: أبى إسحاق الحوينى، دار ابن عفان، السعودية، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- ديوان الأعشى الكبير ميمون بن قيس، تحقيق: د. محمد حسين، مكتبة الآداب، القاهرة، ١٩٥٠ م.\n- ديوان حسان بن ثابت، تحقيق: د. سيد حنفى حسنين، الهيئة المصرية للكتاب، ١٩٧٤ م.\n- ذخيرة الحفاظ، لمحمد بن طاهر المقدسى، تحقيق: د. عبد الرحمن الفريوائى، دار السلف، الرياض، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- الذرية الطاهرة، للدولابى، تحقيق: سعد المبارك الحسن، الدار السلفية، الكويت، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- ذكر أخبار أصبهان، لأبى نعيم الأصبهانى، مطبعة بريل، مدينة ليدن، ١٩٣٤ م.\n- ذم الكلام وأهله، لأبى إسماعيل الهروى، تحقيق عبد الرحمن عبد العزيز","vol":"23","page":1123},{"text":"الشبل، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- ذم اللواط، للآجرى، دراسة وتحقيق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، ١٩٩٠ م.\n- ذم المسكر، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق مسعد عبد الحميد السعدنى، مكتبة القرآن، ١٩٩٢ م.\n- ذم الملاهى، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: عمرو عبد المنعم سليم، مكتبة ابن تيمية، القاهرة، ومكتبة العلم بجدة، ١٤١٦ هـ.\n- ذم الهوى، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: مصطفى عبد الواحد.\n- ذيل تاريخ ابن جرير = المنتخب من كتاب ذيل المذيل.\n- ذيل ميزان الاعتدال، للعراقى، حققه وقدم له: د. عبد القيوم عبد رب النبى، مركز البحث العلمى وإحياء التراث الإسلامى، كلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- رجال صحيح البخارى، المسمى: الهداية والإرشاد فى معرفة أهل الثقة والسداد الذين أخرج لهم البخارى فى جامعه، للإمام أبى نصر أحمد بن محمد بن الحسين البخارى الكلاباذى، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه الليثى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الرد على الجهمية، للدارمى، تحقيق: جوستاف غتشام، مطبعة بريل، مدينة ليدن، ١٩٦٠ م.\n- الرسالة، للشافعى، تحقيق: أحمد محمد شاكر، مكتبة ومطبعة مصطفى الباب الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٥٨ هـ/ ١٩٤٠ م.\n- رسالة الغفران، لأبى العلاء المعرى، تحقيق وشرح: د. عائشة عبد الرحمن","vol":"23","page":1124},{"text":"بنت الشاطئ، دار المعارف، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٩٦٣ م.\n- الرسالة المستطرفة لبيان مشهور كتب السنة المشرفة، للكتانى، دار الكتب العلمية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٠ هـ.\n- رفع اليدين فى الصلاة = كتاب رفع اليدين فى الصلاة.\n- الروض البسام بترتيب وتخريج فوائد تمام، للدوسرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الروض المعطار فى خبر الأقطار، لمحمد بن عبد المنعم الحميرى، تحقيق: إحسان عباس، مؤسسة ناصر للثقافة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٨٠ م.\n- رياض الصالحين، للنووى، تحقيق: محمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- رياضة الأبدان، لأبى نعيم، تحقيق: محمود بن محمد الحداد، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ.\n- زاد المعاد فى هدى خير العباد، لابن قيم الجوزية، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وعبد القادر الأرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، ومكتبة المنار الإسلامية، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- الزاهر فى غريب ألفاظ الشافعى، للأزهرى، تحقيق: د. محمد جبر الألفى، وزارة الأوقاف والشئون الإسلامية، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ.\n- الزهد، لابن أبى عاصم، تحقيق: د. عبد العلى عبد الحميد حامد، الدار السلفية، الهند، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الزهد، لابن المبارك، تحقيق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، ١٣٨٦ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1125},{"text":"- الزهد، لأبى داود السجستانى = كتاب الزهد، لأبى داود السجستانى.\n- الزهد، للإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تصحيح: عبد الرحمن بن قاسم، مكة المكرمة، ١٣٥٧ هـ/ ١٩٣٨ م.\n- الزهد، لهناد بن السرى، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن الفريوائى، دار الخلفاء، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- الزهد، لوكيع بن الجراح، حققه: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الجبار الفريوائى، المدينة المنورة، مكتبة الدار، ١٤٠٤ هـ.\n- الزهد الكبير، للبيهقى، حققه الشيخ: أحمد حيدر، دار الجنان، ومؤسسة الكتب الثقافية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- زوائد فضائل الصحابة لعبد اللَّه بن أحمد = فضائل الصحابة لأحمد بن حنبل.\n- زوائد المسند = مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل.\n- السبعة فى القراءات، لابن مجاهد، تحقيق: د. شوقى ضيف، دار المعارف بمصر، ١٩٧٢ م.\n- سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة وشئ من فقهها وفوائدها، للألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، ومكتبة المعارف بالرياض، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة والموضوعة وأثرها السيئ فى الأمة، للألبانى، مكتبة المعارف، بالرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ.\n- سنن ابن ماجه، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، ١٣٧٢ هـ/ ١٩٥٢ م.\n- سنن أبى داود، تحقيق: محمد محيى الدين عبد الحميد، دار الفكر.\n- سنن أبى داود، دار الحديث، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- سنن أبى داود، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت.","vol":"23","page":1126},{"text":"- سنن الترمذى = الجامع الصحيح للترمذى.\n- سنن الدارقطنى وبذيله التعليق المغنى على الدارقطنى للعظيم آبادى، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- سنن الدارقطنى، (طبعة أخرى)، حققه وضبط نصه: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وآخرون، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- سنن الدارمى = مسند الدارمى.\n- سنن سعيد بن منصور، تحقيق وتعليق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- سنن سعيد بن منصور (تفسير)، دراسة وتحقيق: د. سعد بن عبد اللَّه بن عبد العزيز آل حميد، دار الصميعى، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- السنن الصغرى، للبيهقى، تحقيق: د. محمد ضياء الرحمن الأعظمى، الطبعة الأولى، مكتبة الدار بالمدينة المنورة ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- السنن الكبرى، للنسائى، تحقيق: د. عبد الغفار سليمان البندارى، وسيد كسروى حسن، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- السنن المأثورة، للشافعى، المطبعة الشرفية، القاهرة، ١٣١٥ هـ.\n- سنن النسائى بشرح الحافظ جلال الدين السيوطى وحاشية الإمام السندى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- السنن الواردة فى الفتن وغوائلها والساعة وأشراطها، لأبى عمرو الدانى، تحقيق: د. رضاء اللَّه بن محمد إدريس المباركفورى، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.","vol":"23","page":1127},{"text":"- السنة، لابن أبى عاصم، تحقيق: محمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، ودمشق، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- السنة، لعبد اللَّه بن أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: د. محمد بن سعيد القحطانى، رمادى للنشر، الدمام، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- السنة، للخلال، تحقيق: د. عطية بن عتيق الزهرانى، دار الراية، الرياض، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- السنة، للمروزى، تحقيق: د. محمد بن سعيد بن سالم القحطانى، رمادى للنشر، الدمام، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- سؤالات أبى بكر البرقانى، للدارقطنى، تحقيق: د. عبد الرحيم محمد أحمد، كتب خانه جميلى، باكستان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ.\n- السير، لأبى إسحاق الفزارى = كتاب السير.\n- سير أعلام النبلاء، للذهبى، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وآخرين، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- سيرة ابن إسحاق = المبتدأ والمبعث والمغازى.\n- السيرة النبوية، لابن هشام، تحقيق: مصطفى السقا، وآخرين، مكتبة ومطبعة مصطفى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٧٥ هـ/ ١٩٥٥ م.\n- الشذا الفياح من علوم ابن الصلاح، لبرهان الدين الأبناسى، تحقيق: صلاح فتحى هلل، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- شذرات الذهب فى أخبار من ذهب، لابن العماد الحنبلى، دار إحياء التراث العربى، بيروت.","vol":"23","page":1128},{"text":"- شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك، ومعه منحة الجليل بتحقيق شرح ابن عقيل، لمحمد محيى الدين عبد الحميد، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الخامسة عشر، ١٣٩٢ هـ/ ١٩٧٢ م.\n- شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة والجماعة، لأبى القاسم اللالكائى، ومعه كتاب أولياء اللَّه ﷿، للالكائى أيضًا، خرج أحاديثه وعلق عليه أبو يعقوب نشأت بن كمال المصرى، دار البصيرة، الإسكندرية، مصر، بدون تاريخ.\n- شرح ديوان زهير بن أبى سلمى، صنعة: أبى العباس ثعلب، الدار القومية للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة ١٣٨٤ هـ/ ١٩٦٤ م، مصورة عن طبعة دار الكتب المصرية، ١٣٦٣ هـ/ ١٩٤٤ م.\n- شرح ديوان كعب بن زهير، صنعة: أبى سعيد السكرى، دار الكتب المصرية، ١٣٦٩ هـ/ ١٩٥٠ م.\n- شرح الزرقانى على موطأ الإمام مالك، للزرقانى، الطبعة الأولى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، سنة ١٤١١ هـ.\n- شرح السنة، للبغوى، حققه وعلق عليه: شعيب الأرنؤوط، ومحمد زهير الشاويش، المكتب الإسلامى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٠ هـ/ ١٩٧١ م.\n- شرح سنن ابن ماجه - الإعلام بسنته ﵇، لمغلطاى، تحقيق: كامل عويضة، مكتبة نزار مصطفى الباز، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- شرح سنن أبى داود، لبدر الدين العينى، تحقيق: أبى المنذر خالد بن إبراهيم المصرى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.","vol":"23","page":1129},{"text":"- شرح السيوطى لسنن النسائى، تحقيق: عبد الفتاح أبو غدة، مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية، حلب، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- شرح صحيح البخارى، لابن بطال، ضبط نصه وعلق عليه: أبو تميم ياسر ابن إبراهيم، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- شرح العقيدة الطحاوية، لابن أبى العز الحنفى، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه بن عبد المحسن التركى، وشعيب الأرنؤوط، الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثامنة، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- شرح علل ابن أبى حاتم، لابن عبد الهادى، ضبط نصه وعلق عليه: مصطفى أبو الغيط، وإبراهيم فهمى، الفاروق الحديثة للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- شرح علل الترمذى، لابن رجب الحنبلى، حققه: نور الدين عتر، دار الملاح للطباعة والنشر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- شرح فتح القدير، لكمال الدين محمد بن عبد الواحد السيواسى، دار الفكر، بيروت.\n- شرح مشكل الآثار، لأبى جعفر الطحاوى، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- شرح معانى الآثار، لأبى جعفر الطحاوى، تحقيق: محمد زهرى النجار، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- شرح المفصل، لابن يعيش، عالم الكتب، ومكتبة المتنبى، بيروت - القاهرة.\n- شرح المقاصد فى علم الكلام، لسعد الدين مسعود بن عمر التفتازانى، دار المعارف النعمانية، باكستان، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.","vol":"23","page":1130},{"text":"دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- شرح المفصل، لابن يعيش، عالم الكتب، ومكتبة المتنبى، بيروت - القاهرة.\n- شرح المقاصد فى علم الكلام، لسعد الدين مسعود بن عمر التفتازانى، دار المعارف النعمانية، باكستان، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- الشريعة، للآجرى، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه بن عمرو بن سليمان الدميجى، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- شعب الإيمان، للبيهقى، تحقيق: محمد السعيد بن بسيونى زغلول، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٠ م.\n- شفاء العليل فى مسائل القضاء والقدر، لابن قيم الجوزية، تحقيق: د. السيد محمد السيد، وسعيد محمود، دار الحديث، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- شفاء العى بتخريج وتحقيق مسند الإمام الشافعى، بترتيب العلامة السندى، تأليف: مجدى بن محمد بن عرفات المصرى الأثرى، مكتبة ابن تيمية، بالقاهرة، توزيع مكتبة العلم بجدة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ.\n- الشمائل المحمدية، للترمذى، تحقيق: طه عبد الرءوف سعد، مطابع روز اليوسف، القاهرة، ١٩٨٨ م.\n- شواهد التوضيح والتصحيح لمشكلات الجامع الصحيح، لابن مالك، تحقيق وتعليق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقى، مكتبة دار العروبة، مطبعة لجنة البيان العربى، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- الصحاح (تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية)، للجوهرى، تحقيق: أحمد عبد الغفور عطار، دار الكتاب العربى، مصر، ١٣٧٦ هـ/ ١٩٥٦ م.","vol":"23","page":1131},{"text":"- صحيح البخارى = الجامع الصحيح للإمام البخارى.\n- صحيح الترغيب والترهيب، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مكتبة المعارف للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.\n- صحيح سنن ابن ماجه، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مكتب التربية العربى لدول الخليج، الرياض، والمكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- صحيح سنن أبى داود، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مكتب التربية العربى لدول الخليج، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- صحيح سنن النسائى، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مكتب التربية العربى لدول الخليج، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- صحيح مسلم بشرح النووى، دار الفكر، بيروت، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- صحيح مسلم، تحقيق وتعليق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى بمصر، ١٩٥٥ م.\n- صفة الصفوة، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: محمود فاخورى، ود. محمد رواس قلعه جى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- صفة النفاق وذم المنافقين، للفريابى، نشرة: محمد حامد الفقى، القاهرة، مطبعة المنار، ١٩٣١ م.\n- الصلاة، لأبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين = كتاب الصلاة.\n- الصلاة، للمروزى = تعظيم قدر الصلاة.\n- الصلاة الوسطى = كشف المغطى فى تبيين الصلاة الوسطى.\n- الصيام، للفريابى، تحقيق: عبد الوكيل الندوى، الدار السلفية، بومباى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1132},{"text":"- الضعفاء، لأبى نعيم = كتاب الضعفاء.\n- الضعفاء الصغير، للبخارى = كتاب الضعفاء الصغير.\n- الضعفاء الكبير، للعقيلى، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى، (ينظر كتاب الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى).\n- الضعفاء والمتروكين، لابن الجوزى، حققه: أبو الفداء عبد اللَّه القاضى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- ضعيف سنن ابن ماجه، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، مكتب التربية العربى لدول الخليج، الرياض، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- ضعيف سنن أبى داود، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، دمشق، عمان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- ضعيف سنن الترمذى، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، إشراف زهير الشاويش، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- ضعيف سنن النسائى، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، دمشق، عمان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩٠ م.\n- طبقات ابن سعد = الطبقات الكبرى.\n- طبقات أصبهان لأبى الشيخ = طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان.\n- طبقات الحنابلة، لابن أبى يعلى، صححه: محمد حامد الفقى، مطبعة السنة المحمدية، القاهرة، ١٣٧١ هـ/ ١٩٧٣ م.\n- طبقات الشافعية الكبرى للسبكى، تحقيق: د. محمود الطناحى، ود. عبد الفتاح الحلو، هجر للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.","vol":"23","page":1133},{"text":"- طبقات الشافعية، للإسنوى، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه الجبورى، دار العلوم، الرياض، ١٤٠٠ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- طبقات الصوفية، لأبى عبد الرحمن السلمى، تحقيق: نور الدين شريبة، مطابع دار الكتاب العربى بمصر، الطبعة الأولى ١٣٧٢ هـ/ ١٩٥٣ م.\n- طبقات الفقهاء، للشيرازى، تحقيق: د. إحسان عباس، دار الرائد العربى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- طبقات القراء، لابن الجزرى = غاية النهاية فى طبقات القراء.\n- الطبقات الكبرى، لابن سعد، دار بيروت للطباعة والنشر، ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٧٨ م.\n- طبقات المحدثين بأصبهان والواردين عليها، لأبى الشيخ الأصبهانى، تحقيق: د. عبد الغفار سليمان البندارى، وسيد كسروى حسن، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- طبقات المدلسين = تعريف أهل التقديس بمراتب الموصوفين بالتدليس.\n- طرح التثريب، للعراقى، مؤسسة التاريخ العربى، بيروت، ١٩٩٢ م.\n- طلبة الطلبة فى الاصطلاحات الفقهية، لنجم الدين النسفى، أعادت طبعه بالأوفست مكتبة المثنى ببغداد، ١٣١١ هـ.\n- الطهور، لأبى عبيد القاسم بن سلام، تحقيق: مشهور حسن آل سلمان، مكتبة الصحابة بجدة، ومكتبة التابعين بالقاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٤ م.\n- الطيوريات، للسلفى، دراسة وتحقيق: د. سمان يحيى معالى، وعباس صخر الحسن، مكتبة أضواء السلف، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.","vol":"23","page":1134},{"text":"- العبر فى خبر من غبر، للإمام الذهبى، تحقيق: د. صلاح الدين المنجد، وفؤاد سيد، دائرة المطبوعات والنشر، الكويت، ١٩٦٠ م.\n- عذاب القبر = إثبات عذاب القبر.\n- العزلة، للخطابى، لجنة الشبيبة السورية، القاهرة، ١٣٥٦ هـ/ ١٩٣٧ م.\n- العظمة، لأبى الشيخ الأصفهانى، دراسة وتحقيق: رضاء اللَّه المباكفورى، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- العقد الثمين فى تاريخ البلد الأمين، للفاسى، تحقيق: فؤاد سيد، مطبعة السنة المحمدية، ١٣٨٥ هـ/ ١٩٦٦ م.\n- العقوبات، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: محمد خير رمضان يوسف، دار ابن حزم، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- علل ابن أبى حاتم لابن عبد الهادى = شرح علل ابن أبى حاتم لابن عبد الهادى.\n- علل الأحاديث فى كتاب الصحيح لمسلم بن الحجاج، لأبى الفضل ابن عمار الشهيد، تحقيق وتعليق: على بن حسن بن على بن عبد الحميد الحلبى الأثرى، دار الهجرة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- علل الترمذى الكبير، رتبه على كتب الجامع أبو طالب القاضى، حققه وضبط نصه، وعلق عليه: السيد صبحى السامرائى وآخران، عالم الكتب، ومكتبة النهضة العربية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- علل الحديث ومعرفة الرجال، لابن المدينى، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الوعى، حلب، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٠ م.\n- العلل المتناهية فى الأحاديث الواهية، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: إرشاد الحق الأثرى، إدارة العلوم الأثرية، فيصل آباد، باكستان، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.","vol":"23","page":1135},{"text":"- العلل الواردة فى الأحاديث النبوية، للدارقطنى، تحقيق وتخريج: د. محفوظ الرحمن زين اللَّه السلفى، دار طيبة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- العلل ومعرفة الرجال، للإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: د. وصى اللَّه بن محمد عباس، دار القبس، الرياض، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٧ هـ/ ٢٠٠٦ م.\n- العلم، لأبى خيثمة زهير بن حرب، تحقيق: محمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- عمدة القارى، للعينى، دار إحياء التراث، بيروت.\n- عمل اليوم والليلة، لابن السنى، تخريج: عبد اللَّه حجاج، مكتبة التراث الإسلامى، القاهرة، ١٩٨٢ م.\n- عمل اليوم والليلة، للنسائى، تحقيق: د. فاروق حمادة، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- عون المعبود على سنن أبى داود، للعظيم آبادى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت.\n- العيال، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: د. نجم عبد الرحمن خلف، دار الوفاء بالمنصورة، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- العين، للخليل بن أحمد، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه درويش، المجمع العلمى العراقى، مطبعة العانى، بغداد، ١٣٨٦ هـ/ ١٩٦٧ م.\n- غاية النهاية فى طبقات القراء، لابن الجزرى، عنى بنشره: ج. براجستر اسر، مكتبة الخانجى، القاهرة، ١٣٥١ هـ/ ١٩٣٢ م.\n- غرائب مالك، لابن المظفر، دراسة وتحقيق: طه بن على بوسريع، الطبعة الأولى، دار الغرب الإسلامى، ١٩٩٨ م.","vol":"23","page":1136},{"text":"- غريب الحديث، لإبراهيم الحربى، تحقيق: د. سليمان إبراهيم محمد العايد، جامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ.\n- غريب الحديث، لابن الجوزى، وثق أصوله وخرج حديثه وعلق عليه: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- غريب الحديث، لابن قتيبة، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه الجبورى، وزارة الأوقاف العراقية، لجنة إحياء التراث الإسلامى، مطبعة العانى، بغداد، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٧ هـ/ ١٩٧٧ م.\n- غريب الحديث، لأبى عبيد القاسم بن سلام الهروى، مطبعة دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٨٤ هـ/ ١٩٦٤ م.\n- غريب الحديث، للخطابى، تحقيق: عبد الكريم إبراهيم العزباوى، جامعة أم القرى، معهد البحوث العلمية، مركز إحياء التراث الإسلامى، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- غلط الضعفاء من الفقهاء، لابن برى، تحقيق: د. حاتم صالح الضامن، عالم الكتب، بيروت، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- غوامض الأسماء المبهمة، لابن بشكوال، تحقيق: د. عز الدين على السيد، ومحمد كمال الدين عز الدين، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- الغيلانيات، لأبى بكر الشافعى، تحقيق: حلمى كامل أسعد عبد الهادى، دار ابن الجوزى، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- الفائق فى غريب الحديث، للزمخشرى، تحقيق: على محمد البجاوى،","vol":"23","page":1137},{"text":"ومحمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، مطبعة عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٧١ م.\n- فتح الباب فى الكنى والألقاب، لمحمد بن إسحاق بن منده الأصبهانى، تحقيق: أبى قتيبة نظر محمد الفاريابى، مكتبة الكوثر، الرياض، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- فتح البارى شرح صحيح البخارى، لابن حجر العسقلانى، المطبعة السلفية، القاهرة، ١٣٨٠ هـ.\n- فتح البارى شرح صحيح البخارى، لابن رجب الحنبلى، تحقيق: محمود شعبان عبد المقصود، وآخرين، مكتبة الغرباء الأثرية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- الفتح الربانى مع شرحه بلوغ الأمانى من أسرار الفتح الربانى، كلاهما لأحمد عبد الرحمن البنا، دار الشهاب، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- الفتن = السنن الواردة فى الفتن وغوائلها والساعة وأشراطها، لأبى عمرو الدانى.\n- الفتن، لحنبل بن إسحاق، ويليه جزء حنبل بن إسحاق، تحقيق: د. عامر حسن صبرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- الفتن، لنعيم بن حماد، تحقيق: سمير بن أمين الزهيرى، مكتبة التوحيد، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- فتوح البلدان، للبلاذرى، نشره ووضع ملاحقه وفهارسه: د. صلاح الدين المنجد، مكتبة النهضة المصرية، القاهرة، ١٩٥٦ م.\n- فتوح مصر وأخبارها، لابن عبد الحكم، طبع مدينة ليدن، مكتبة المثنى، بغداد.","vol":"23","page":1138},{"text":"- الفرائض، للثورى، تخريج أبى عبد اللَّه عبد العزيز بن عبد اللَّه الهليل، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- الفروع = كتاب الفروع.\n- الفصل للوصل المدرج فى النقل، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: محمد بن مطر الزهرانى، دار الهجرة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- فضائل الأعمال لابن شاهين = الترغيب فى فضائل الأعمال وثواب ذلك.\n- فضائل الأوقات، للبيهقى، دراسة وتحقيق: عدنان عبد الرحمن القيسى، دار المنارة، السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- فضائل رمضان، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن حمد المنصور، دار السلف للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- فضائل الصحابة، للإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: وصى اللَّه بن محمد عباس، مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- فضائل القرآن، لابن الضريس، تحقيق: غزوة بدير، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- فضائل القرآن، لأبى عبيد القاسم بن سلام، تحقيق: وهبى سليمان غاوجى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- فضائل المدينة، للجندى، تحقيق: محمد مطيع الحافظ، وغزوة بدير، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- فضل الصلاة على النبى -ﷺ-، لإسماعيل بن إسحاق القاضى، تحقيق: محمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، منشورات المكتب الإسلامى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٨٣ هـ/ ١٩٦٣ م.","vol":"23","page":1139},{"text":"- فضل اللَّه الصمد فى توضيح الأدب المفرد، تأليف: فضل اللَّه الجيلانى، المطبعة السلفية، القاهرة، ١٣٧٨ هـ.\n- فضيلة العادلين من الولاة ومن أنعم النظر فى حال العمال والسعاة، لأبى نعيم الأصبهانى، تحقيق: مشهور بن حسن آل سلمان، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ.\n-الفقيه والمتفقه، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: عادل بن يوسف العزازى، دار ابن الجوزى، المملكة العربية السعودية، الأحساء، جدة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- الفهرست، لابن النديم، تحقيق: د. محمد عونى عبد الرءوف، د. إيمان السعيد جلال، الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة (طبعة الذخائر ١٤٩، ١٥٠)، القاهرة، ٢٠٠٦ م.\n- فوائد ابن أخى ميمى الدقاق، تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، أضواء السلف.\n- فوائد ابن بشران (ضمن مجموع أجزاء حديثية)، تحقيق: نبيل جرار، عمان، الأردن.\n- فوائد ابن منده، تحقيق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة.\n- فوائد أبى بكر الشافعى = الغيلانيات.\n- فوائد أبى محمد الفاكهى المسمى بحديث أبى محمد عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن إسحاق الفاكهى، تحقيق: محمد بن عبد اللَّه بن عايض الغبانى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، وشركة الرياض للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- فوائد تمام = الروض البسام.","vol":"23","page":1140},{"text":"- فوائد سمويه = مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية.\n- فوائد العراقيين، لأبى سعيد النقاش، تحقيق: مجدى السيد فتحى، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة.\n- فوائد العيسوى (ضمن مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية)، تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- فوائد قاسم المطرز = مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية.\n- فوائد الليث بن سعد، تحقيق: محمد بن رزق الطرهونى، دار عالم الكتب للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الفوائد المعللة، لأبى زرعة الدمشقىُّ، تحقيق: رجب بن عبد المقصود، مكتبة الإمام الذهبى، الكويت، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- الفوائد، ليحيى بن معين = الجزء الثانى من حديث يحيى بن معين.\n- فيض القدير شرح الجامع الصغير، للمناوى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩١ هـ/ ١٩٧٢ م.\n- القاموس المحيط، للفيروز آبادى، مكتبة ومطبعة مصطفى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٧١ هـ/ ١٩٥٢ م.\n- القدر وما ورد فى ذلك من الآثار، للإمام عبد اللَّه بن وهب المصرى، حققه وخرج أحاديثه: عمر بن سليمان الحفيان، دار العطاء، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- القدر، للفريابى، تحقيق: عبد اللَّه بن حمد المنصور، أضواء السلف، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- القراءة خلف الإمام، للبخارى = خير الكلام فى القراءة خلف الإمام.","vol":"23","page":1141},{"text":"- القراءة خلف الإمام، للبيهقى، تحقيق: محمد السعيد بسيونى زغلول، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ.\n- قضاء الحوائج، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق ودراسة: عمرو عبد المنعم، مكتبة العلم بجدة، ومكتبة ابن تيمية بالقاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ.\n- القضاء والقدر، للبيهقى، تحقيق: محمد بن عبد اللَّه آل عامر، مكتبة العبيكان، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.\n- القضاء، لسريج بن يونس البغدادى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت.\n- قيام الليل = التهجد وقيام الليل.\n- الكاشف فى معرفة من له رواية فى الكتب الستة، للذهبى، مراجعة وضبط: لجنة من العلماء، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- الكامل فى ضعفاء الرجال، لابن عدى، تحقيق: يحيى مختار غزاوى، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- الكامل فى ضعفاء الرجال، لابن عدى، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- كتاب الأربعين، للحسن بن سفيان، تحقيق: محمد ناصر العجمى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، بدون تاريخ.\n- الكتاب، لسيبويه، تحقيق: عبد السلام هارون، دار القلم، بيروت، ١٩٦٦ م، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب، ١٩٧٥ م.\n- كتاب الأربعين على مذهب المتحققين من الصوفية، لأبى نعيم الأصفهانى، حققه وخرج أحاديثه: بدر بن عبد اللَّه البدر، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.","vol":"23","page":1142},{"text":"-كتاب الأمالى (الأمالى الخميسية) ليحيى بن الحسين الشجرى، عالم الكتب، بيروت، مكتبة المتنبى، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- كتاب الأوائل، لأبى عروبة، تحقيق: مشعل بن بانى الجيرين المطيرى، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، ١٤٢٤ هـ/ ٢٠٠٣ م.\n- كتاب تفسير القرآن، لابن المنذر، تحقيق: سعد بن محمد السعد، دار الماَثر، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- كتاب رفع اليدين فى الصلاة، للبخارى، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- كتاب الزهد، لأبى داود السجستانى، رواية ابن الأعرابى عنه، تحقيق: ياسر بن إبراهيم، وغنيم بن عباس بن غنيم، قدم له وراجعه: محمد عمرو بن عبد اللطيف، دار المشكاة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- كتاب السير، لأبى إسحاق الفزارى، تحقيق: د. فاروق حمادة، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- كتاب الصلاة، لأبى نعيم الفضل بن دكين، تحقيق: صلاح بن عايض الشلامى، مكتبة الغرباء الأثرية، الطبعة الأولى.\n- كتاب الضعفاء الصغير للبخارى، ويليه كتاب الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائى، تحقيق: محمود إبراهيم زايد، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- كتاب الضعفاء، لأبى نعيم، تحقيق: د. فاروق حمادة، دار الثقافة، الدار البيضاء، المغرب.\n- كتاب العيال، لابن أبى الدنيا = العيال.","vol":"23","page":1143},{"text":"- كتاب الفروع، لابن مفلح، راجعه: عبد الستار أحمد فراج، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- كتاب المتحابين فى اللَّه، لابن قدامة، دار الطباع، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- كتاب المتمنين، لابن أبى الدنيا: تحقيق: محمد خير رمضان يوسف، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- كتاب مسائل الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، رواية ابنه عبد اللَّه، تحقيق ودراسة: د. على سليمان المهنا، مكتبة الدار، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- كتاب المؤتلف والمختلف، لعبد الغنى بن سعيد الأزدى، تحقيق: محمد زينهم محمد عزب، دار الأمين، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- كتاب النزول، للدارقطنى، تحقيق: د. على بن محمد بن ناصر الفقيهى، دار إحياء السنة النبوية، الإسكندرية، بدون تاريخ.\n- كرامات أولياء اللَّه ﷿، للالكائى (مطبوع مع كتاب شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة والجماعة، للالكائى).\n- كشف الأستار عن زوائد البزار على الكتب الستة، للهيثمى، تحقيق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمى، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٤ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- كشف المشكل من حديث الصحيحين، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: على حسين البواب، دار الوطن، الرياض، ١٤١٨ هـ.\n- كشف المغطى فى تبيين الصلاة الوسطى، للدمياطى، دراسة وتحقيق:","vol":"23","page":1144},{"text":"مجدى فتحى السيد، دار الصحابة للتراث، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- الكشف والبيان عن تفسير القرآن، للثعلبى، دار إحياء التراث العربى، بيروت، ١٤٢٢ هـ.\n- الكفاية فى علم الرواية، للخطيب البغدادى، المكتبة العلمية بالمدينة المنورة، مصورة عن طبعة دائرة المعارف العثمانية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، ١٣٥٧ هـ.\n- كنز العمال فى سنن الأقوال والأفعال، للمتقى الهندى، ضبطه وفسر غريبه الشيخ بكرى حيانى، صححه ووضع فهارسه ومفتاحه الشيخ صفوة السقا، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الخامسة، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- الكنى والأسماء، للدولابى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م، مصورة عن طبعة دائرة المعارف النظامية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، ١٣٢٢ هـ.\n- الكواكب النيرات فى معرفة من الرواة الثقات، لابن الكيال، تحقيق: عبد القيوم عبد رب النبى، دار المأمون، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٨١ م.\n- اللآلئ المصنوعة فى الأحاديث الموضوعة، للسيوطى، المكتبة التجارية الكبرى، مصر، بدون تاريخ.\n- اللآلئ المنثورة فى الأحاديث المشهورة، للزركشى، تحقيق: محمد بن لطفى الصباغ، المكتب الإسلامى.\n- لب اللباب فى تحرير الأنساب، للسيوطى، تحقيق: محمد أحمد عبد العزيز، وأشرف أحمد عبد العزيز، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.","vol":"23","page":1145},{"text":"- اللباب فى تهذيب الأنساب، لابن الأثير الجزرى، عنى بنشره مكتبة القدسى، القاهرة، سنة ١٣٥٧ هـ.\n- لسان العرب، لابن منظور، دار صادر، بيروت، ١٣٧٤ هـ/ ١٩٥٥ م.\n- لسان الميزان، لابن حجر العسقلانى، منشورات مؤسسة الأعلمى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٠ هـ/ ١٩٧١ م، مصورة عن طبعة مطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف النظامية بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٢٦ هـ.\n- ما رواه الأكابر عن مالك بن أنس، لمحمد بن مخلد الدورى، حققه وعلق عليه: عواد الخلف، مؤسسة الريان، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- المبتدأ والمبعث والمغازى، لابن إسحاق (سيرة ابن إسحاق)، تحقيق: محمد حميد اللَّه، معهد الدراسات والأبحاث للتعريب، الرباط، المغرب.\n- المبهمات = الأسماء المبهمة فى الأنباء المحكمة، للخطيب البغدادى.\n- المتفق والمفترق، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: د. محمد صادق آيدن الحامدى، دار القادرى، دمشق، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- المتمنين، لابن أبى الدنيا = كتاب المتمنين.\n- المجالسة وجواهر العلم، لأبى بكر الدينورى، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٣ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- المجتبى = سنن النسائى.\n- المجروحين من المحدثين والضعفاء والمتروكين، لابن حبان، تحقيق:","vol":"23","page":1146},{"text":"محمود إبراهيم زايد، دار الوعى، حلب، ١٣٩٦ هـ.\n- مجلس إملاء فى رؤية اللَّه ﵎، لأبى عبد اللَّه الدقاق، تحقيق: الشريف حاتم بن عارف العونى، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٧ م.\n- مجمع الأمثال، للميدانى، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، مطبعة عيسى البابى الحلبى وشركاه، القاهرة، ١٩٧٧ م.\n- مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد، دار الكتاب، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٦٧ م.\n- مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد (بغية الرائد فى تحقيق مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد)، تحقيق عبد اللَّه محمد الدرويش، دار الفكر، بيروت، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- مجموع أجزاء حديثية، ليوسف بن شاهين سبط الحافظ ابن حجر.\n- المجموع شرح المهذب للشيرازى، عن للإمام النووى، حققه: محمد نجيب المطيعى، مكتبة الإرشاد، جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية.\n- مجموع فيه عشرة أجزاء حديثية (منتخب من حديث الزهرى للذهلى، فوائد سمويه الأصبهانى، فوائد قاسم المطرز، حديث ابن مخلد البزاز عن شيوخه، حديث ابن السماك والخُلْدى، فوائد المؤمل بن أحمد الشيبانى، فوائد العيسوى، أمالى ابن النحاس، حديث مكى بن أبى طالب ومحمود المزاحمى، مجلس ابن فاخر الأصبهانى)، تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ، ٢٠٠١ م.\n- مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى جعفر ابن البخترى الرزاز، تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.","vol":"23","page":1147},{"text":"- مجموع فيه مصنفات أبى العباس الأصم، وإسماعيل الصفار، تحقيق: نبيل سعد الدين جرار، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- المحتسب فى تبيين وجوه شواذ القراءات والإيضاح عنها، لابن جنى، تحقيق: على النجدى ناصف، وآخرين، لجنة إحياء التراث الإسلامى بالمجلس الأعلى للشئون الإسلامية، القاهرة، ١٣٨٦ هـ.\n- المحدث الفاصل، للرامهرمزى، تحقيق: د. محمد عجاج الخطيب، بيروت، دار الفكر، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٠٤ هـ.\n- المحرر الوجيز فى تفسير الكتاب العزيز، لابن عطية، تحقيق: أحمد صادق الملاح، المجلس الأعلى للشئون الإسلامية، القاهرة، ١٣٩٤ هـ/ ١٩٧٤ م.\n- المحكم والمحيط الأعظم، لابن سيده، تحقيق: مصطفى السقا، د. حسين نصار، مكتبة ومطبعة عيسى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٧٧ هـ/ ١٩٥٨ م.\n- المحلى، لابن حزم، تصحيح: زيدان أبو المكارم حسن، مكتبة الجمهورية العربية، ١٣٨٧ هـ/ ١٩٦٧ م.\n- مختار الصحاح، لمحمد بن أبى بكر بن عبد القادر الرازى، تحقيق: محمود خاطر، مكتبة لبنان ناشرون، بيروت، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- المختارة، للضياء = الأحاديث المختارة.\n- مختصر الأحكام مستخرج الطوسى على جامع الترمذى، لأبى على الحسن بن على بن نصر الطوسى، تحقيق: أنيس بن أحمد بن طاهر الأندونوسى، مكتبة الغرباء الأثرية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ.","vol":"23","page":1148},{"text":"- مختصر اختلاف العلماء للطحاوى، تحقيق: د. عبد اللَّه نذير أحمد، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٧ هـ.\n- مختصر تاريخ دمشق لابن عساكر، لابن منظور، تحقيق: روحية النحاس، ورياض عبد الحميد مراد، ومحمد مطيع الحافظ، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- مختصر خلافيات البيهقى، لابن فرح اللخمى، تحقيق: ذياب عبد الكريم ذياب عقل، مكتبة الرشد بالرياض، شركة الرياض للنشر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- مختصر الشمائل المحمدية، لمحمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتبة الإسلامية، عمان، الأردن، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ.\n- مختصر فى شواذ القرآن من كتاب البديع، لابن خالويه، تحقيق: برجستراسر، وآرثر جعفرى، مكتبة المتنبى، القاهرة، ١٩٣٤ م.\n- مختصر قيام الليل، ومعه مختصر قيام رمضان، ومختصر الوتر، جميعها لمحمد بن نصر المروزى، اختصرها: أحمد بن على المقريزى، طبعة رفاه عام، لاهور، ١٣٢٠ هـ.\n- مختصر الكامل فى الضعفاء، لأحمد بن على المقريزى، تحقيق: أيمن بن عارف الدمشقى، مكتبة السنة، القاهرة، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- مختصر المزنى، ملحق بكتاب الأم للشافعى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، لبنان.\n- المخزون فى علم الحديث، لأبى الفتح الأزدى، تحقيق وتخريج: محمد إقبال محمد إسحاق السلفى، الدار العلمية، دلهى، الهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.","vol":"23","page":1149},{"text":"- المخصص، لابن سيده، المكتب التجارة للطباعة والتوزيع والنشر، بيروت، ١٣٢١ هـ.\n- المدخل إلى السنن الكبرى، للبيهقى، تحقيق: د. محمد ضياء الرحمن الأعظمى، دار الخلفاء، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- المدرج = الفصل للوصل المدرج فى النقل.\n- المدونة الكبرى، لسحنون، دار صادر، بيروت، مصورة عن طبعة مطبعة السعادة بالقاهرة، ١٣٢٤ هـ.\n- المراسيل، لابن أبى حاتم، تحقيق: شكر اللَّه بن نعمة اللَّه قوجانى، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٢ هـ/ ١٩٨٢ م.\n- المراسيل، لأبى داود السجستانى، تحقيق: عبد العزيز عز الدين السيروان، دار القلم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- مراصد الاطلاع على أسماء الأمكنة والبقاع، لصفى الدين البغدادى، تحقيق وتعليق: على محمد البجاوى، دار الجيل، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- المرض والكفارات، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: عبد الوكيل الندوى، الدار السلفية، بومباى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- مرقاة المفاتيح، لعلى بن سلطان محمد القارى، تحقيق: جمال عيتانى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- المزكيات وهى الفوائد المنتخبة الغرائب العوالى من حديث أبى إسحاق المزكى، انتقاء وتخريج: الدارقطنى، قابل أصوله وخرج أحاديثه: د. أحمد فارس السلوم، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.","vol":"23","page":1150},{"text":"- مسانيد فراس المكتب، جمع: الحافظ أبى نعيم أحمد بن عبد اللَّه الأصبهانى، تخريج: أبى يوسف محمد بن حسن المصرى، مطابع ابن تيمية، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- مساوئ الأخلاق ومذمومها، للخرائطى، تحقيق: مصطفى أبو النضر الشلبى، مكتبة السوادى، جدة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- مسائل الإمام أحمد بن حنبل برواية أبى القاسم البغوى المعروف بـ \"ابن بنت منيع\"، حققه وعلق عليه: عمرو عبد المنعم سليم، مؤسسة قرطبة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- مسائل الإمام أحمد بن حنبل رواية إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن هانئ النيسابورى، تحقيق: زهير الشاويش، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، دمشق، ١٤٠٠ هـ.\n- مسائل الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، رواية ابنه صالح، إشراف: طارق بن عوض اللَّه، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- مسائل الإمام أحمد رواية ابنه عبد اللَّه = كتاب مسائل الإمام أحمد.\n- المستخرج لأبى نعيم = المسند المستخرج على صحيح الإمام مسلم.\n- المستدرك على الصحيحين فى الحديث، للحاكم النيسابورى، وملحق به تلخيص المستدرك للذهبى، مكتبة ومطابع النصر الحديثة، الرياض، مصورة عن طبعة دائرة المعارف النظامية، بحيدر آباد الدكن، الهند.\n- مسند إبراهيم بن أدهم الزاهد، لابن منده، تحقيق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة.\n- مسند ابن أبى شيبة، تحقيق: عادل بن يوسف العزازى، وأحمد بن فريد المزيدى، دار الوطن، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.","vol":"23","page":1151},{"text":"- مسند أبى بكر الصديق، لأحمد بن على بن سعيد الأموى المروزى، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت.\n- مسند أبى حنيفة، لأبى نعيم الأصبهانى، تحقيق: نظر محمد الفاريابى، مكتبة الكوثر، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ.\n- مسند أبى داود الطيالسى، تحقيق: د. محمد بن عبد المحسن التركى، بالتعاون مع مركز البحوث والدراسات العربية والإسلامية بدار هجر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- مسند أبى عوانة، تحقيق: أيمن عارف الدمشقى، دار المعرفة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- مسند أبى يعلى الموصلى، تحقيق: حسين سليم أسد، دار المأمون، دمشق، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- مسند إسحاق بن راهويه، تحقيق: د. عبد الغفور عبد الحق حسين البلوشى، مكتبة الإيمان، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٥ م.\n- مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وآخرين، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، مؤسسة قرطبة، القاهرة، بدون تاريخ.\n- مسند البزار = البحر الزخار.\n- مسند الحميدى، للإمام أبى بكر عبد اللَّه بن الزبير، تحقيق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمى، نشرته: رئاسة إدارات البحوث العلمية والإفتاء والدعوة والإرشاد، المدينة المنورة.\n- مسند الدارمى، تحقيق: حسين سليم أسد، دار المغنى، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.","vol":"23","page":1152},{"text":"- مسند الرويانى، وبذيله المستدرك من النصوص الساقطة، ضبطه وعلق عليه: أيمن على أبو يمانى، مؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٦ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- مسند السراج، لمحمد بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم السراج، تحقيق: الأستاذ إرشاد الحق الأثرى، إدارة العلوم الأثرية، فيصل آباد، باكستان.\n- مسند سعد بن أبى وقاص، للدورقى، تحقيق: د. عامر حسن صبرى، دار البشائر الإسلامية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- مسند الشاشى الهيثم بن كليب، تحقيق: د. محفوظ الرحمن زين اللَّه، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- مسند الشافعى = شفاء العى.\n- مسند الشاميين، للطبرانى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- مسند الشهاب، للقضاعى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- مسند عائشة، لأبى بكر بن أبى داود، تحقيق: عبد الغفور عبد الحق حسين البلوشى، مكتبة دار الأقصى، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- مسند عبد الرحمن بن عوف، لأحمد بن محمد بن عيسى البرتى، تحقيق: صلاح بن عايض الشلاحى، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٤ هـ.\n- مسند عبد اللَّه بن عمر، للطرسوسى، تحقيق: أحمد راتب عرموش، دار النفائس، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٧٨ م.\n- مسند عبد اللَّه بن المبارك، ويليه كتاب البر والصلة، تحقيق: د. مصطفى","vol":"23","page":1153},{"text":"عثمان محمد، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- مسند عمر بن الخطاب، لابن النجاد، تحقيق: الدكتور محفوظ الرحمن زين اللَّه، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- مسند عمر بن الخطاب، ليعقوب بن شيبة بن الصلت، تحقيق: كمال يوسف الحوت، مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- مسند عمر بن عبد العزيز، للباغندى، خرج أحاديثه وعلق عليه: محمد عوامة، مكتبة دار الدعوة، سورية، حلب، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٧ هـ.\n- المسند المستخرج على صحيح الإمام مسلم، لأبى نعيم الأصبهانى، تحقيق: محمد حسن محمد حسن إسماعيل الشافعى، الطبعة الأولى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، لبنان، ١٤١٧ هـ/ ١٩٩٦ م.\n- مسند المقلين من الأمراء والسلاطين، لتمام بن محمد الدمشقى، تحقيق: مجدى فتحى السيد، دار الصحابة، طنطا، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- مسند الموطأ، للجوهرى، تحقيق: لطفى بن محمد الصغير، وطه بن على بوسريح، دار الغرب الإسلامى، بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٧ م.\n-المسند، للإمام أحمد بن حنبل، شرحه وصنع فهارسه: أحمد محمد شاكر، دار المعارف بمصر، الطبعة الرابعة، ١٣٧٣ هـ/ ١٩٥٤ م.","vol":"23","page":1154},{"text":"- مشارق الأنوار على صحاح الآثار، للقاضى عياض، المكتبة العتيقة بتونس، دار التراث، القاهرة.\n- المشتبه فى الرجال، أسمائهم وأنسابهم، للذهبى، تحقيق: على محمد البجاوى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٦٢ م.\n- مشكاة المصابيح، للخطيب التبريزى، تحقيق: محمد ناصر الدين الألبانى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- مشيخة ابن البخارى، تخريج: جمال الدين أحمد بن محمد بن عبد اللَّه الظاهرى الحنفى، تحقيق: د. عوض عتقى سعد الحازمى، دار عالم الفوائد للنشر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ.\n- مشيخة ابن شاذان الصغرى، لأبى على الحسن بن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن الحسن بن محمد شاذان، تحقيق: عصام موسى هادى، مكتبة الغرباء الأثرية، المدينة المنورة، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- مشيخة ابن طهمان، للسلفى، تحقيق: حاتم بن عارف العونى، دار الهجرة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- المصاحف، لابن أبى داود، تحقيق: د. آرثر جفرى، مكتبة المثنى ببغداد، ومؤسسة الخانجى بمصر، ١٣٥٥ هـ/ ١٩٣٦ م.\n- مصباح الزجاجة فى زوائد ابن ماجه، للبوصيرى، تحقيق: موسى محمد على، د. عزت على عطية، القاهرة، دار الكتب الحديثة، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.","vol":"23","page":1155},{"text":"- المصباح المنير، للفيومى، قدم له: د. خضر الجواد، مكتبة لبنان، بيروت ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- مصنف عبد الرزاق، وملحق به الجامع لمعمر بن راشد فى آخر المجلد العاشر والحادى عشر، تحقيق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمى، المكتب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- المصنف، لابن أبى شيبة، تحقيق حمد بن عبد اللَّه الجمعة، ومحمد بن إبراهيم اللحيدان، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- المصنف، لابن أبى شيبة، تحقيق: محمد عوامة.\n- المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية، لابن حجر العسقلانى، وبذيله المستزاد من إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة، للبوصيرى، ضبطه وأخرجه: أيمن على أبو يمانى، وأشرف صلاح على، مؤسسة قرطبة، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- المطر والرعد والبرق والريح، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: طارق محمد سكلوع العمودى، دار ابن الجوزى، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- المعارف، لابن قتيبة، حققه وقدم له: ثروت عكاشة، مطبعة دار الكتب المصرية، ١٩٦٠ م.\n- المعالم الجغرافية الواردة فى السيرة النبوية، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٢ هـ.\n- معالم السنن، للخطابى، المكتبة العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠١ هـ/ ١٩٨١ م.\n- المعجم، لابن الأعرابى، تحقيق: عبد المحسن بن إبراهيم الحسينى، دار","vol":"23","page":1156},{"text":"ابن الجوزى، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- المعجم، لابن المقرئ، تحقيق: أبى عبد الرحمن عادل بن سعد، مكتبة الرشد وشركة الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٩ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- المعجم، لأبى يعلى، تحقيق: إرشاد الحق الأثرى، المكتبة العلمية، لاهور، باكستان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ.\n- المعجم الأوسط، للطبرانى، تحقيق: طارق عوض اللَّه محمد، وعبد المحسن بن إبراهيم الحسينى، دار الحرمين، القاهرة، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٥ م.\n- معجم البلدان، لياقوت الحموى، باعتناء: وستنفلد مصورات مكتبة الأسدى رقم ٧ طهران، ١٩٦٥ م.\n- المعجم الذهبى (فارسى عربى) تأليف: د. محمد التونجى، دار العلم للملايين، بيروت، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٩٩٢ م.\n- معجم الشيوخ، لابن عساكر، تحقيق: د. وفاء تقى الدين، تقديم: د. شاكر الفحام، دار البشائر، دمشق.\n- معجم الشيوخ، للصيداوى، تحقيق: د. عمر عبد السلام تدمرى، مؤسسة الرسالة، دار الإيمان، بيروت، طرابلس، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ.\n- معجم شيوخ أبى بكر الإسماعيلى، دراسة وتحقيق: د. زياد محمد منصور، مكتبة العلوم والحكم، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- معجم الصحابة، لابن قانع، تحقيق: صلاح بن سالم المصراتى، مكتبة الغرباء الأثرية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٧ م.\n- معجم الصحابة، للبغوى، تحقيق: محمد الأمين بن محمد محمود أحمد","vol":"23","page":1157},{"text":"الجكنى، المدينة المنورة، نشر مكتبة دار البيان، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢١ هـ/ ٢٠٠٠ م.\n- المعجم الصغير، للطبرانى، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن محمد عثمان، المكتبة السلفية، المدينة المنورة، ١٣٨٨ هـ/ ١٩٦٨ م.\n- المعجم فى أسامى شيوخ أبى بكر الإسماعيلى = معجم شيوخ أبى بكر الإسماعيلى.\n- معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة، لعمر رضا كحالة، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٧٨ م.\n- المعجم الكبير، للطبرانى (قطعة من الجزء ١٣)، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، دار الصميعى، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٥ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- المعجم الكبير، للطبرانى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، الدار العربية للطباعة، بغداد، ١٩٧٨ م.\n- المعجم الكبير، مجمع اللغة العربية، القاهرة، مطبعة دار الكتب، ١٩٧٠ م.\n- معجم لغة الفقهاء، عربى - إنجليزى، مع كشاف إنجليزى - عربى، بالمصطلحات الواردة فى المعجم، وضع: د. محمد رواس قلعه جى، د. حامد صادق قنيبى، دار النفائس، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- معجم ما استعجم من أسماء البلاد والمواضع، للبكرى، تحقيق: مصطفى السقا، مطبعة لجنة التأليف والترجمة والنشر، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٦٤ هـ/ ١٩٤٥ م.","vol":"23","page":1158},{"text":"- معجم مقاييس اللغة، لابن فارس، تحقيق وشرح: عبد السلام محمد هارون، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى وشركاه، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٦٦ هـ.\n- المعجم الوسيط، مجمع اللغة العربية، القاهرة، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- معرفة الثقات من رجال أهل العلم والحديث ومن الضعفاء وذكر مذاهبهم وأخبارهم، للعجلى، بترتيب الإمامين: الهيثمى، وتقى الدين السبكى، مع زيادات ابن حجر العسقلانى، دراسة وتحقيق: عبد العليم عبد العظيم البستوى، مطبعة المدنى، المؤسسة السعودية بمصر.\n- معرفة الرجال، لابن معين، تحقيق: محمد كامل القصار، مطبوعات مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- معرفة السنن والآثار، للبيهقى، تحقيق: سيد كسروى حسن، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- معرفة السنن والآثار، للبيهقى، تحقيق: عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار قتيبة، دمشق، بيروت، جامعة الدراسات الإسلامية، كراتشى، باكستان، دار الوعى، حلب، دار الوفاء، المنصورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.\n- معرفة الصحابة، لابن منده، تحقيق: د. عامر حسن صبرى، جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، الإمارات، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٦ هـ/ ٢٠٠٥ م.\n- معرفة الصحابة، لأبى نعيم، تحقيق: محمد حسن محمد حسن إسماعيل","vol":"23","page":1159},{"text":"ومسعد عبد الحميد السعدنى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠٢ م.\n- معرفه علوم الحديث، للحاكم النيسابورى، نشره: د. السيد معظم حسين، منشورات دار الآفاق الجديدة، بيروت، الطبعة الثالثة، ١٩٧٩ م.\n- المعرفة والتاريخ، للفسوى، تحقيق: د. أكرم ضياء العمرى، مكتبة الدار، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ.\n- المعلم بفوائد مسلم، للمازرى، تحقيق: محمد الشاذلى النيفر، دار الغرب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٩٢ م.\n- مغازى الواقدى، تحقيق: د. مارسدن جونس، مطبعة جامعة أكسفورد، ١٩٦٦ م.\n- المغرب فى ترتيب المعرب، لأبى الفتح المطرزى، حققه: محمود فاخورى وعبد الحميد مختار، مكتبة أسامة بن زيد، حلب سوريا، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٩٩ هـ/ ١٩٧٩ م.\n- المغنى فى الضعفاء، للذهبى، تحقيق: نور الدين عتر، إدارة إحياء التراث الإسلامى، قطر، ١٩٨٧ م.\n- المفردات لابن البيطار = الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية.\n- المفهم لما أشكل من تلخيص كتاب مسلم، للقرطبى، تحقيق عائض بن عبد اللَّه القرنى، دار ابن حزم، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- المقادير الشرعية (المكاييل والموازين) وما يتعلق بها من الأحكام الشرعية وما يقابلها من المقادير المعاصرة، أ. د. أحمد الحجى الكردى، بحث بمجلة الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، تصدر عن مجلس النشر العلمى بجامعة","vol":"23","page":1160},{"text":"الكويت، السنة السادسة عشرة، العدد السابع والأربعون، رمضان ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ديسمبر ٢٠٠١ م.\n- المقتنى فى سرد الكنى، للذهبى، تحقيق: محمد صالح عبد العزيز مراد، الجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ.\n- مقدمة فتح البارى = هدى السارى.\n- المقصد الأرشد فى ذكر أصحاب الإمام أحمد، لابن مفلح، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن سليمان العثيمين، مكتبة الرشد، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٩٩٠ م.\n- مكارم الأخلاق، لابن أبى الدنيا، تحقيق: مجدى السيد إبراهيم، مكتبة القرآن، القاهرة، ١٩٩٠ م.\n- مكارم الأخلاق، للخرائطى = المنتقى من كتاب مكارم الأخلاق.\n- مكارم الأخلاق، للطبرانى، تحقيق: د. فاروق حمادة، طبع على نفقة الرئاسة العامة للإفتاء والبحوث العلمية والدعوة والنشر بالمملكة العربية السعودية، أشرف على الطباعة المكتب التعليمى السعودى بالمغرب، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٠ م.\n- المكاييل والمقادير الشرعية = المقادير الشرعية.\n- منازل الأشراف = الإشراف فى منازل الأشراف.\n- المناسك، لابن أبى عروبة، دار البشائر الإسلامية.\n- المنتخب من السياق لتاريخ نيسابور، انتخبه إبراهيم بن محمد بن الأزهر الصريفينى، تحقيق: محمد أحمد عبد العزيز، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- المنتخب من كتاب ذيل المذيل، لمحمد بن جرير الطبرى (ضمن كتاب ذيول","vol":"23","page":1161},{"text":"تاريخ الطبرى) تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار المعارف.\n- المنتخب من مسند عبد بن حميد، تحقيق: أبى عبد اللَّه مصطفى بن العدوى شلباية، دار الأرقم، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م.\n- المنتظم فى تاريخ الملوك والأمم، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: محمد عبد القادر عطا، ومصطفى عبد القادر عطا، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٢ هـ/ ١٩٩٢ م.\n- المنتقى شرح موطأ الإمام مالك، للباجى، دار الكتاب العربى، بيروت، لبنان، مصورة عن الطبعة الأولى لمولاى عبد الحفيظ، سنة ١٣٣٢ هـ.\n- المنتقى من السنن المسندة عن رسول اللَّه ﷺ، لابن الجارود، دار القلم، بيروت، لبنان.\n- المنتقى من كتاب مكارم الأخلاق ومحمود طرائقها للخرائطى، انتقاء: الحافظ أبى طاهر أحمد بن محمد السلفى الأصبهانى، تحقيق: محمد مطيع الحافظ، وغزوة بدير، دار الفكر، دمشق، سورية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- المنفردات والوحدان، لمسلم بن الحجاج، تحقيق: د. عبد الغفار سليمان البندارى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- المهذب فى اختصار السنن الكبير، للذهبى، تحقيق: دار المشكاة للبحث العلمى، إشراف: ياسر بن إبراهيم، مكتبة دار الوطن للنشر، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٢ هـ/ ٢٠٠١ م.\n- المؤتلف والمختلف لعبد الغنى بن سعيد الأزدى = كتاب المؤتلف والمختلف.\n- المؤتلف والمختلف المعروف بالأنساب المتفقة فى الخط المتماثلة فى النقط","vol":"23","page":1162},{"text":"والضبط، لابن القيسرانى، تقديم وفهرسة: كمال يوسف الحوت، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١١ هـ/ ١٩٩١ م.\n- المؤتلف والمختلف، للدارقطنى، تحقيق: د. موفق بن عبد اللَّه بن عبد القادر، دار الغرب الإسلامى، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- الموجز فى الطب، لابن النفيس، تحقيق: عبد الكريم العزباوى، لجنة إحياء التراث الإسلامى بالمجلس الأعلى للشئون الإسلامية، القاهرة، ١٤٠٦ هـ/ ١٩٨٦ م.\n- موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق، للخطيب البغدادى، تحقيق: د. عبد المعطى أمين قلعجى، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٧ هـ/ ١٩٨٧ م.\n- الموضوعات، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن محمد عثمان، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى ١٣٨٦ هـ/ ١٩٦٦ م، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٠٣ هـ/ ١٩٨٣ م.\n- موطأ الإمام مالك، برواية محمد بن الحسن الشيبانى، تعليق وتحقيق: عبد الوهاب عبد اللطيف، منشورات المجلس الأعلى للشئون الإسلامية بجمهورية مصر العربية، ١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م.\n- موطأ الإمام مالك، برواية يحيى بن بكير (مخطوط) بجامعة الإمام محمد ابن سعود الإسلامية، المكتبة المركزية، تحت رقم (٥٩٨٧)، ضمن مجموع رقم (٤٣).\n- الموطأ، لعبد اللَّه بن وهب (قطعة من الكتاب) تحقيق: د. هشام بن إسماعيل الصينى، دار ابن الجوزى السعودية، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤٢٠ هـ/ ١٩٩٩ م.","vol":"23","page":1163},{"text":"- الموطأ، للإمام مالك بن أنس، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى وشركاه، ١٣٧٠ هـ/ ١٩٥١ م.\n- الموطأ، للإمام مالك، برواية أبى مصعب الزهرى المدنى، تحقيق: د. بشار عواد معروف، ومحمود محمد خليل، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- الموطأ، للإمام مالك، تحقيق: محمد مصطفى الأعظمى، مؤسسة زايد ابن سلطان آل نهيان، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٢٥ هـ/ ٢٠٠٤ م.\n- ميزان الاعتدال فى نقد الرجال، للذهبى، تحقيق: على محمد البجاوى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى الحلبى، القاهرة، ١٣٧٠ هـ/ ١٩٥١ م.\n- ناسخ الحديث ومنسوخه، لابن شاهين، حققه: سمير بن أمين الزهيرى، مكتبة المنار، الأردن، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- الناسخ والمنسوخ، لابن شهاب الزهرى، تحقيق: د. حاتم صالح الضامن، عالم الكتب، مكتبة النهضة العربية، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- الناسخ والمنسوخ، للنحاس، تحقيق: د. محمد عبد السلام محمد، مكتبة الفلاح، الكويت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٨ هـ/ ١٩٨٨ م.\n- الناسخ والمنسوخ فى القرآن، لأبى عبيد القاسم بن سلام (مخطوط)، منشورات معهد تاريخ العلوم العربية والإسلامية فى إطار جامعة فرانكفورت، ألمانيا الاتحادية، ١٤٠٥ هـ/ ١٩٨٥ م، يصدرها: فؤاد سزكين، طبع بالتصوير عن مخطوطة أحمد الثالث (١٤٣) مكتبة طوب قابوسراى، إستانبول.\n- نتائج الأفكار فى تخريج أحاديث الأذكار، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: حمدى عبد المجيد السلفى، مصورة عن طبعة مكتبة المثنى ببغداد،","vol":"23","page":1164},{"text":"١٤١٤ هـ/ ١٩٩٤ م، توزيع مكتبة ابن تيمية بالقاهرة، ومكتبة العلم بجدة.\n- نزهة الألباب فى الألقاب، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تحقيق: عبد العزيز بن محمد ابن صالح السديرى، مكتبة الرشد، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٩ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- النزول، للدارقطنى = كتاب النزول.\n- نسب قريش، لمصعب الزبيرى، تصحيح وتعليق: إ. ليفى بروفنسال، دار المعارف، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية، ١٩٧٦ م.\n- نسخة أبى مسهر، لعبد الأعلى بن مسهر، دراسة وتحقيق: مجدى فتحى السيد، دار الصحابة للتراث، طنطا، مصر، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٠ هـ/ ١٩٨٩ م.\n- النشر فى القراءات العشر، لابن الجزرى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٨ هـ/ ١٩٩٨ م.\n- نصب الراية لأحاديث الهداية، للزيلعى، المكتبة الإسلامية، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٩٣ هـ/ ١٩٧٣ م، عن طبعة إدارة المجلس العلمى بالهند، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٥٧ هـ/ ١٩٣٨ م.\n- نظم المتناثر من الحديث المتواتر، للكتانى، تحقق: شرف حجازى، دار الكتب السلفية، مصر، الطبعة الثانية.\n- النكت الظراف على الأطراف، لابن حجر العسقلانى، مطبوع بذيل تحفة الأشراف بمعرفة الأطراف، للمزى.\n- نهاية الأرب فى فنون الأدب، للنويرى، دار الكتب المصرية، القاهرة، ١٣٤٢ هـ/ ١٩٢٣ م.\n- النهاية فى غريب الحديث والأثر، لابن الأثير، تحقيق: محمود محمد الطناحى، وطاهر أحمد الزاوى، دار إحياء الكتب العربية، عيسى البابى","vol":"23","page":1165},{"text":"الحلبى، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٣٨٣ هـ/ ١٩٦٣ م.\n- نواسخ القرآن، لابن الجوزى، تحقيق ودراسة: محمد أشرف على الملبارى، لجنة إحياء التراث الإسلامى بالمجلس العلمى بالجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٤ هـ/ ١٩٨٤ م.\n- نيل الأوطار شرح منتقى الأخبار، للشوكانى، تحقيق: عصام الدين الصبابطى، دار الوليد، بجدة، ودار الحديث بالقاهرة، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤١٣ هـ/ ١٩٩٣ م.\n- هدى السارى مقدمة فتح البارى، لابن حجر العسقلانى، تصحيح: محب الدين الخطيب، المطبعة السلفية ومكتبتها، القاهرة.\n- همع الهوامع شرح جمع الجوامع، للسيوطى، تحقيق: عبد الحميد هنداوى، المكتبة التوفيقية، القاهرة.\n- الوافى بالوفيات، للصفدى، اعتناء: هلموت ريتر وآخرين، دار النشر فرانز شتاينر، فيسبادن، الطبعة الثانية، ١٣٨١ هـ/ ١٩٦١ م.\n- وصايا العلماء عند حضور الموت، لمحمد بن عبد اللَّه بن أحمد بن زبر الربعى، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط، وصلاح محمد الخيمى، دار ابن كثير، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى، ١٤٠٦ هـ.\n- وفاء الوفا بأخبار دار المصطفى، للسمهودى، تحقيق: محمد محيى الدين عبد الحميد، دار إحياء التراث العربى، بيروت.\n- وفيات الأعيان وأنباء أبناء الزمان، لابن خلكان، تحقيق: د. إحسان عباس، دار صادر، بيروت، ١٣٩٨ هـ/ ١٩٧٨ م.\n- الوهم والإيهام = بيان الوهم والإيهام.","vol":"23","page":1166}]}